PMID- 3684209
TI  - Scleromyxedema with corneal deposits.
AB  - Scleromyxedema (Arndt-Gottron syndrome) is a rare cutaneous disease in which
      hyaluronic acid is deposited in the dermis. The authors describe a patient with
      scleromyxedema and corneal deposits. A corneal biopsy demonstrated hyaluronic
      acid deposition in the corneal stroma and amyloid P component in Bowman's
      membrane. This is the first report of scleromyxedema involving the cornea. It is
      also the first report of amyloid P component deposition in the cornea occurring
      independent of corneal amyloid deposits.

PMID- 3684210
TI  - Three-year results of the Prospective Evaluation of Radial Keratotomy (PERK)
      Study.
AB  - The Prospective Evaluation of Radial Keratotomy (PERK) study is a nine-center
      clinical trial of a standardized technique of radial keratotomy in 435 patients
      who had simple myopia with a preoperative refractive error between -2.00 and 
      8.00 diopters (D). The authors report results for one eye of each patient. The
      surgical technique consisted of eight incisions using a diamond micrometer knife
      with the blade length determined by intraoperative ultrasonic pachymetry and the
      diameter of the central clear zone determined by the preoperative refractive
      error. At 3 years after surgery, 58% of eyes had refractive error within 1.00 D
      of emmetropia; 26% were undercorrected and 16% were overcorrected by more than
      1.00 D. Uncorrected visual acuity was 20/40 or better in 76% of eyes. The
      operation was more effective in eyes with a preoperative refractive error between
      -2.00 and -4.37 D. Between 1 and 3 years after surgery, the refractive error
      changed by 1.00 D or more in 12% of eyes, indicating a lack of stability in some
      eyes. In the 435 eyes, there was a small number of complications including six
      eyes that lost two or three lines of best-corrected acuity, 16 that experienced
      vascularization of the incisions, 2 that had delayed bacterial keratitis, and 4
      that had recurrent epithelial erosions.

PMID- 3684211
TI  - Dacryocystitis: a late complication of orbital floor fracture repair with
      implant.

PMID- 3684212
TI  - Intensity of the stimulus light influences the measurement of the relative
      afferent pupillary defect.

PMID- 3684213
TI  - Treatment of myopic macular hole and detachment.

PMID- 3684214
TI  - Progressive cone dystrophy.
AB  - Psychophysical, reflectometric, and electrophysiologic studies were done on four
      members of a dominant pedigree with progressive cone dystrophy. The two youngest
      individuals were asymptomatic at the initial examination, and none of the
      subjects complained of problems associated with night vision. Nevertheless,
      absent or grossly reduced cone-mediated electroretinographic (ERG) responses
      showed the widespread loss of cone function, and moderate elevations (less than 1
      log unit) in absolute threshold together with reductions in rhodopsin levels in
      the mid-peripheral retina provided evidence of impairment of the rod system. The
      progressive nature of the disease was apparent from the case histories and the
      changes in visual performance that occurred on re-test after a 5-year interval.
      Moreover, the results of increment threshold measurements at several retinal loci
      suggested that peripheral cones may be affected earlier and more severely than
      those in the central retina.

PMID- 3684215
TI  - Autoregulation of retinal blood flow in diabetic retinopathy measured by the blue
      light entoptic technique.
AB  - Autoregulation of retinal blood flow was measured in 23 diabetic patients, 9 with
      nonproliferative retinopathy, 9 with proliferative retinopathy, and 5 with
      photocoagulated retinopathy. Three of the proliferative patients were studied on
      two occasions, at the proliferative stage and after photocoagulation. The stimuli
      to autoregulation used were isocapnic hyperoxia and hypoxia. Flow velocity of
      leukocytes in the perifoveal circulation was measured using the blue-field
      entoptic technique, and retinal artery and vein diameters were measured using a
      computerized digitizing system. Results under conditions of isocapnic hypoxia
      showed a mean increase in flow velocity of 41.0 +/- 33.0% (P less than 0.05) in
      nonproliferative retinopathy, 3.5 +/- 17.0% (not significant) in proliferative
      retinopathy, and 30.0 +/- 17.0% (P less than 0.05) after photocoagulation. In
      hyperoxia, flow velocity fell by a mean of 21.0 +/- 21.6% (P less than 0.05) in
      nonproliferative retinopathy, 33.0 +/- 19.9% (P less than 0.005) in proliferative
      retinopathy, and 21.0 +/- 26.0% (not significant) in photocoagulated retinopathy.
      The results are compared with a group of nondiabetic subjects reported
      previously.

PMID- 3684216
TI  - The dark choroid in posterior retinal dystrophies.
AB  - Fourteen families with genetically determined posterior retinal dystrophies were
      studied by fluorescein angiography. With one exception, the families could be
      segregated into two clearly defined categories, one in which every member had a
      dark choroid, and one where each had a light choroid. This implies that the
      fluorescein angiography provides a means of subdividing certain of these
      disorders into more specific disease groups.

PMID- 3684217
TI  - Gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina. The ocular disease progresses in
      juvenile patients despite normal or near normal plasma ornithine concentration.
AB  - Hyperornithinemia disappeared in three children with Gyrate atrophy of the
      choroid and retina during a low-arginine diet for 3 to 4 1/2 years. Because of
      the young age of the patients, we had an exceptional opportunity to follow the
      progression of the disease during this period. Despite the excellent biochemical
      control, electroretinographic changes progressed in two patients, and the
      chorioretinal atrophy progressed steadily in all the patients throughout the
      diet. Dark adaptation and color vision remained stable. In these patients, the
      normo-ornithinemia has not been able to halt the progression of the chorioretinal
      degeneration.

PMID- 3684218
TI  - Pseudoexfoliative fibrillopathy in the conjunctiva. A relation to elastic fibers
      and elastosis.
AB  - Pseudoexfoliative (PSX) material in the conjunctiva was found to have a close
      association with elements of the elastic system in 13 eyes of patients with PSX
      disease studied ultrastructurally. Pseudoexfoliation aggregates were rare within
      vascular walls but frequent in proximity to the plasmalemma of stromal
      fibroblasts. No amyloid was found. A striking feature was the association of PSX
      fibers with the elastosis seen in many of the specimens. Typical PSX fibers were
      present in clumps of oxytalan and around small elastic fibers. In five cases with
      more advanced elastosis, the aggregates of PSX fibers were larger and their usual
      loose fibrogranular matrix was extensively replaced by a dense elastotic one.
      Morphology of PSX here varied from typical to thicker, fragmented, and sometimes
      nondiagnostic fibers. This intermingling of PSX and elastotic materials suggested
      that PSX fibrillopathy is itself a type of elastosis, possibly resulting from
      abnormal aggregation of components related to elastic microfibrils.

PMID- 3684219
TI  - Optimal time for postoperative irradiation of pterygia.
AB  - A prospective study of the optimal time for postoperative beta irradiation of
      pterygia in 54 eyes of 54 patients suggested that immediate postoperative
      irradiation, given as a single dose of 2000 rad, was associated with a lower rate
      of recurrence than a similar dose given 4 days postoperatively. The authors
      suggest that patients with recurrent pterygia, selected to have postoperative
      beta radiation, receive the radiation as a single dose of 2000 rad at the end of
      the surgical procedure.

PMID- 3684220
TI  - Inverted follicular keratosis. A report of two recurrent cases.
AB  - Few cases of recurrent inverted follicular keratosis (IFK) have been reported in
      the literature, none with histopathologic confirmation. The authors report two
      cases of IFK that recurred within weeks of primary excision. Histologic
      confirmation was obtained on all four specimens. By establishing the benign
      nature of the recurrent lesions, unnecessary, possibly drastic surgery was
      avoided.

PMID- 3684221
TI  - Optic disc cupping as clinically estimated from photographs.
AB  - Cup-to-disc ratios of 204 right eyes were evaluated by two clinicians and by a
      trained grader using a standardized grading scheme. Mean measurements by the
      grader were greater than estimates made by either clinician. The measurement
      scheme used by the trained grader has a high degree of reliability and validity.
      The standard protocol provides an objective assessment of optic disc cupping and
      could be easily adapted for office use.

PMID- 3684222
TI  - Quantitative evaluation of the optic nerve head in patients with unilateral
      visual field loss from primary open-angle glaucoma.
AB  - Measurable structural alterations of the optic nerve head may precede visual
      field abnormalities in early open-angle glaucoma. The authors studied the optic
      nerve heads of 10 patients with unilateral visual field loss from primary open
      angle glaucoma, and 12 age- and sex-matched normal subjects. Topographic optic
      nerve head parameters were measured with a system of computerized image analysis
      (Rodenstock Analyzer, G. Rodenstock Instrumente GMBH, Munich, W. Germany). In
      patients with asymmetric primary open-angle glaucoma, eyes with normal visual
      fields had a slightly larger mean (+/- standard error of the mean) disc rim area
      (0.90 +/- 0.04 mm2) than eyes with glaucomatous visual field defects (0.78 +/-
      0.05 mm2). However, both sets of eyes in the asymmetric primary open-angle
      glaucoma patients had smaller mean disc rim areas (P less than 0.0007) than did
      the control group (1.27 +/- 0.09 mm2). These findings support the hypothesis that
      loss of the optic disc rim can be detected before perimetric abnormalities
      develop in primary open-angle glaucoma.

PMID- 3684223
TI  - Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. IX. Cup-to-disc ratio and its role in
      pathogenesis.
AB  - The optic disc appearance in the normal fellow eye of 126 patients with
      nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (n-AION) was compared with the
      discs in 23 patients with arteritic AION (a-AION) and 122 normal subjects. The
      number of discs with no cup was significantly greater (P less than 0.001) and the
      number of discs with a large cup was significantly fewer (P less than 0.001) in
      the n-AION group compared to the other two groups. No significant differences
      were found in cup size between the a-AION and normal groups. The pathogenesis of
      n-AION appears to be multifactorial. There is overwhelming evidence that ischemia
      is the primary factor. The size of the optic disc also plays a role, probably
      through a compressive effect at the level of the lamina cribrosa on axons
      subjected to ischemia. In contrast, a-AION occurs from posterior ciliary artery
      occlusion and disc size is not a factor.

PMID- 3684224
TI  - Glaucoma filtering surgery with 5-fluorouracil.
AB  - A life-table analysis of surgical outcomes was performed on the first eye of 155
      patients who were enrolled in a pilot study of glaucoma filtering surgery with
      postoperative subconjunctival 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) injections. The success rates
      at 1-, 2-, and 3-year intervals were 68, 63, and 63%, respectively, for 88
      patients with non-neovascular glaucoma in aphakia; 82, 75, and 75% for 39
      patients with non-neovascular glaucoma after unsuccessful filtering surgery; and
      68% at each yearly interval for 28 patients with neovascular glaucoma.
      Complications which resulted from filtering surgery and the 5-FU injections
      included corneal epithelial defects (55.5%), conjunctival wound leaks (36.8%),
      suprachoroidal hemorrhage (5.8%), rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (2.6%),
      endophthalmitis and phthisis (1.9% each), and corneal scarring, late bleb leak,
      malignant glaucoma, and traction retinal detachment (1.3% each). A Cox Model
      regression analysis failed to demonstrate a correlation between surgical success
      and age, race, type of filtering procedure, or total dose of 5-FU received.
      Postoperative subconjunctival 5-FU may increase the operative success rate for
      selected patients with a high risk for failure after glaucoma filtering surgery.

PMID- 3684225
TI  - Use of one-piece valved tube and variable surface area explant for glaucoma
      drainage surgery.
AB  - The results of glaucoma surgery on 37 eyes of 36 patients after the use of a one
      piece valved silicone explant are described. With a follow-up of 6 to 24 months,
      intraocular pressures (IOPs) averaging 8.0 to 17.3 mmHg were recorded. The
      maximum number of eyes receiving antiglaucoma medicines at any of the follow-up
      visits was six. These results were compared with the authors' previous results
      with the two-piece tube and gutter explant (ACTSEB). It was found that lower IOPs
      were obtained with fewer complications from overdrainage in the immediate
      postoperative period. This difference was attributed to the valve reducing but
      not preventing overdrainage and less chance of "fibrosis" blocking the tube/plate
      interface.

PMID- 3684226
TI  - Retreatment with argon laser trabeculoplasty.
AB  - Forty eyes in 37 patients that had previously successful 360 degrees argon laser
      trabeculoplasty were again found to have uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP)
      on maximally tolerated medical therapy and were retreated with argon laser
      trabeculoplasty to 180 degrees of the trabecular circumference. Successful
      retreatment was considered a decrease in IOP of 3 mmHg or more and sufficient to
      avoid further laser therapy or invasive glaucoma surgery. Laser trabeculoplasty
      retreatment was successful in 13 of the eyes treated (32%). Retreatment failed to
      control IOP in 27 of the retreated eyes (68%): either the IOP was not lowered by
      at least 3 mmHg (4 eyes) or the eyes required further laser therapy or surgery
      (23 eyes). The probability of successful IOP control 1 year after retreatment was
      33% and only 14% after 1.75 years. No IOP elevations greater than 6 mmHg were
      recognized in the postlaser period. Although retreatment with argon laser
      trabeculoplasty can safely be used to control the IOP in some glaucomatous eyes,
      the likelihood of success is low.

PMID- 3684227
TI  - Pattern-reversal electroretinograms and high-pass resolution perimetry in
      suspected or early glaucoma.
AB  - Twenty-one patients, age 28 to 78 years, with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP)
      in one or both eyes, were examined with pattern-reversal electroretinograms
      (PERG), high-pass resolution perimetry (HRP), and conventional computer-assisted
      perimetry (CAP). Among the 42 eyes, 33 were hypertensive (IOP greater than or
      equal to 22 mmHg) and nine were normotensive (IOP less than or equal to 20 mmHg).
      The optic disc was judged abnormal in 14 of the hypertensive and one of the
      normotensive eyes. Fourteen abnormal PERGs and 19 abnormal HRPs were observed in
      the 33 hypertensive eyes. Conventional CAP gave abnormal results in three of the
      hypertensive eyes. Seven of the nine normotensive eyes were normal in all
      examinations. HRP was abnormal in one of the normotensive eyes and conventional
      CAP was abnormal in another. Thus, PERG and HRP showed a high incidence of optic
      nerve dysfunction in suspected or early glaucoma. These new methods should be
      clinically useful for diagnosis and management of conditions with increased IOP.

PMID- 3684228
TI  - High-pass resolution targets in peripheral vision.
AB  - Visual acuity was measured at 10 degree intervals on the horizontal meridian in
      two normal subjects, using high-pass spatial frequency filtered test targets in a
      computer graphics display. The close similarity between detection and recognition
      thresholds resulted in quick and reliable measurements. Peripheral acuity was
      proportional to local retinal ganglion cell separation. High-pass targets appear
      to be nearly ideal for clinical perimetry because of the easy test task and the
      possibility of interpreting results in terms of numbers of functional
      neuroretinal channels. The major limitation appears to be a somewhat fuzzy
      definition of small, circumscribed defects.

PMID- 3684229
TI  - Acute retinal pigment epitheliitis.
AB  - Acute retinal pigment epitheliitis is an infrequently described macular disorder
      of unknown cause that affects healthy young adults. Acute symptoms include either
      reduced visual acuity or central scotoma. Ophthalmoscopy discloses discrete
      pigment clumps with surrounding hypopigmented halos in the center of the macula.
      Inflammatory signs are mild or absent. The hypopigmented areas show transmission
      hyperfluorescence without leakage on fluorescein angiography. Symptoms subside
      spontaneously although retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) changes are usually
      permanent. Central serous choroidopathy, macular edema, or permanently decreased
      vision have not developed in any of the eight patients we have followed for up to
      8 years. Accurate identification of retinal pigment epitheliitis as a specific
      clinical entity is important because of the good prognosis without treatment.

PMID- 3684230
TI  - Threshold Amsler grid testing in maculopathies.
AB  - The Amsler grid is a suprathreshold target and thus may fail to detect relative
      scotomas. If the grid is viewed through two cross-polarizing filters creating low
      luminance conditions (threshold Amsler grid testing) the test is far more
      sensitive. Ten patients with disorders of the macula with normal standard white
      Amsler grid testing were studied with three other Amsler grid tests. Of the 15
      involved eyes, 12 had visual field defects present with threshold Amsler grid
      testing. Tangent screen examination showed defects in 10 of these 12 eyes. The
      two red grids used were not as sensitive as the threshold grid. Three eyes had
      metamorphopsia with the white grid which became the site of a visual field defect
      with threshold testing. Threshold Amsler grid testing is a rapid and sensitive
      technique for the evaluation of the central 10 degrees of visual field in
      patients with maculopathies.

PMID- 3684231
TI  - Macular thickening and visual acuity. Measurement in patients with cystoid
      macular edema.
AB  - Cystoid macular edema (CME) is commonly associated with many ocular conditions.
      The presence of CME on fluorescein angiographic examination need not, however,
      preclude good visual acuity. The hypothesis that the degree of macular thickening
      is associated with visual acuity was tested. Ten consecutive stereoscopic
      fluorescein angiograms were graded by 13 ophthalmologists using a set of four
      standards. Linear regression showed a significant relationship between mean
      macular thickening and the visual acuity recorded at the time of angiography.
      However, no significant relationship could be made between the estimation of
      visual acuity and the amount of fluorescein staining measured in the posterior
      pole. Although the observation of fluorescein leakage is indispensable for
      documenting a breakdown in the blood-retinal barrier, the observation of retinal
      thickening is important for identifying the sites of edema accumulation, and may
      be the useful parameter to follow when trying to assess improvement or worsening
      of retinal edema and in cases of uveitis when the cause of poor vision may be
      multifactorial.

PMID- 3684232
TI  - Bacterial scleral abscesses after retinal buckling operations. Pathogenesis,
      management, and laboratory investigations.
AB  - Between 1971 and 1985, 28 patients were treated for a scleral abscess after a
      scleral buckle procedure. Twenty-six of the patients had the original surgery
      performed between those years during which a total of 4480 buckling procedures
      were performed. Therefore, the incidence of scleral abscess after buckling
      procedures was 0.58% (26/4480). All 28 patients had excessive pain, conjunctival
      chemosis and proptosis, a creamy white area of retina on the buckle, and a
      variable amount of vitreous inflammation. Seventeen of these patients had an
      especially severe scleral abscess with inflammatory vitreous opacification, which
      precluded visualization of the retinal vessels or allowed at most a hazy view of
      the optic nervehead or the scleral buckle. A review of these 17 severely involved
      patients showed that, in most cases (13 of 17), the vitreous inflammation was
      sterile. Therefore, most patients can be managed simply with immediate removal of
      the buckle along with topical and systemic antibiotics. A laboratory
      investigation showed that a cell-free millipore filtrate of Staphylococcus aureus
      culture in trypticase soy broth caused prominent but self-limited inflammation
      when injected intravitreally. Therefore, bacterial toxins or secretions could be
      the cause of the prominent vitreous inflammation in most patients with scleral
      abscesses. In another experiment, sponge exoplants, which had been soaked in a
      highly concentrated culture of S. aureus, were sutured episclerally in rabbits. A
      scleral abscess developed in 19 of 23 rabbit eyes with these infective sponges.
      Progressive scleral abscesses, which closely resembled those seen in humans,
      developed in 14 of the 23 eyes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3684233
TI  - An ultrastructural study of DNA precipitation in the anterior segment of eyes
      with retinoblastoma.
AB  - The anterior segment of six infant eyes enucleated for retinoblastoma were
      studied by light and electron microscopy in an attempt to describe the pattern of
      DNA precipitation. In only one of these cases was extracellular deposition of DNA
      in the iris and aqueous outflow pathways detectable by routine light microscopy
      and Feulgen staining. In two cases, ultrastructural examination was necessary to
      resolve the presence of small discrete electron-dense DNA granules (60-200 nm).
      In three cases, the DNA deposits were found on the anterior surface of the iris,
      in the mid-iris stroma around blood vessels, and in the outer layers of the
      trabecular meshwork around Schlemm's canal. Although the quantity of the material
      varied in the three cases, the similar pattern of distribution appeared to
      reflect routes of fluid movement within the eye and sites of permeability
      barriers at which the passage of larger particulate matter is obstructed. The DNA
      deposits had an affinity for collagen and basal lamina, especially in the iris.
      Interestingly, they were not phagocytosed by the trabecular endothelial cells. No
      DNA could be detected ultrastructurally in the anterior segment of the three
      remaining eyes also enucleated for retinoblastoma. The authors' findings suggest
      that DNA deposition in the anterior segment may be a more common phenomenon in
      retinoblastoma than has been suspected previously from routine histopathologic
      studies. The findings are discussed in relation to other types of tumor in which
      DNA coating around blood vessels has been observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3684234
TI  - Nonsimultaneous primary choroidal and cutaneous melanomas. Report of a case.
AB  - The authors report a patient with nonsimultaneous choroidal and cutaneous
      melanomas. The patient did not display the dysplastic nevus syndrome phenotype,
      and there was a negative family history for cutaneous or uveal melanomas. This
      sporadic case might suggest a common etiologic factor in the pathogenesis of
      multicentric malignant melanomas.

PMID- 3684235
TI  - Post-irradiation regression of choroidal melanomas as a risk factor for death
      from metastatic disease.
AB  - To determine the prognostic value of the regression rate of choroidal melanomas
      after cobalt-60 plaque radiotherapy, the authors performed a multivariate
      analysis on 159 patients treated with a cobalt plaque during the interval from
      1976 through 1980. Thirty-three of the 159 patients had died as of the survey
      date; 29 of metastatic melanoma and 4 of other causes. Multivariate Cox
      proportional hazards modeling identified a two-term regression incorporating
      maximal basal tumor diameter at treatment and tumor thickness at 12 months
      posttreatment as the best model (P less than 0.005 for both parameters) for
      predicting length of tumor-free survival. These results are consistent with the
      hypothesis that rapid regression of a choroidal melanoma after cobalt-60 plaque
      radiotherapy is an unfavorable prognostic sign for prolonged metastasis-free
      survival.

PMID- 3684236
TI  - Visual function, driving safety, and the elderly.
AB  - The authors have conducted a survey of the Departments of Motor Vehicles in all
      50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico requesting information about
      the visual standards, accidents, and conviction rates for different age groups.
      In addition, we have reviewed the literature on visual function and traffic
      safety. Elderly drivers have a greater number of vision problems that affect
      visual acuity and/or peripheral visual fields. Although the elderly are
      responsible for a small percentage of the total number of traffic accidents, the
      types of accidents they are involved in (e.g., failure to yield the right-of-way,
      intersection collisions, left turns onto crossing streets) may be related to
      peripheral and central visual field problems. Because age-related changes in
      performance occur at different rates for various individuals, licensing of the
      elderly driver should be based on functional abilities rather than age. Based on
      information currently available, we can make the following recommendations: (1)
      periodic evaluations of visual acuity and visual fields should be performed every
      1 to 2 years in the population over age 65; (2) drivers of any age with multiple
      accidents or moving violations should have visual acuity and visual fields
      evaluated; and (3) a system should be developed for physicians to report patients
      with potentially unsafe visual function. The authors believe that these
      recommendations may help to reduce the number of traffic accidents that result
      from peripheral visual field deficits.

PMID- 3684237
TI  - The dimensions of the problem of eye disease among the elderly.
AB  - America is aging rapidly. Within the next 30 years, those over 65 years of age
      will grow to form 17% of the population of the United States; the number of
      people over 85 will more than double. Currently, the rates of eye disease such as
      cataract, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma are highest in
      the older group. The risk of blindness is ten times greater for those over age 65
      than for younger individuals. This combination of high rates of disease in the
      fastest growing segment of the population means that the demand for eye care
      services will increase dramatically. Undoubtedly, new approaches will appear to
      deal with the epidemiologic reality.

PMID- 3684238
TI  - Keeping an eye on the rest of the body.
AB  - The health problems of the elderly are multiplying exponentially with the
      demographic changes in our aging population. Visual impairment represents one of
      the most significant of these problems, not only in terms of eye diseases, but
      because of the associated dangers affecting the rest of the body. The gradual
      loss of vision, especially if it first affects one eye, is often ignored or
      denied until it is far advanced with marked functional impairment or causes
      serious accident. A high percentage of falls, often with resulting fractures, is
      a direct result of poor vision, but in the elderly this risk is frequently
      compounded by unsteady gait, osteoporosis, and poor lighting. Misuse of
      medication, especially with overdose is frequent when directions are in small
      print. Misuse can be exacerbated by poor memory. The risk of driving accidents is
      increased. Although notable progress has been made in technical approaches to
      ophthalmology, many serious problems such as macular and retinal degeneration
      remain unsolved. The American Federation for Aging Research, which is dedicated
      to the support of research in all biomedical changes associated with aging, has
      an active interest in basic research in the field of visual impairment with other
      changes and diseases in our elderly population.

PMID- 3684239
TI  - A curse or a blessing.

PMID- 3684240
TI  - [Malignant tumors in neonates and infants (a nation-wide survey 1975-1983)].

PMID- 3684241
TI  - [Hemorrhage caused by cephalosporin antibiotics in uremic patients].

PMID- 3684242
TI  - [Transportation trauma in neonates and premature infants].

PMID- 3684243
TI  - [Sudden death in syphilitic aortitis].

PMID- 3684245
TI  - [Orthography of Hungarian medical terminology].

PMID- 3684244
TI  - [Position of the College of the Hungarian National Institute of Cardiology on the
      requirements and organization of state of the art echocardiographic services].

PMID- 3684246
TI  - [Sudden infant death].

PMID- 3684247
TI  - [K-cell activity of peripheral lymphocytes in chronic liver diseases in the light
      of clinical status and laboratory parameters].

PMID- 3684248
TI  - [Fatal Yersinia enterocolitica infection in an adult].

PMID- 3684249
TI  - [Percutaneous stone removal and shockwave lithotripsy].

PMID- 3684250
TI  - [Occurrence of inflammatory intestinal diseases in a department for infectious
      disease].

PMID- 3684251
TI  - [Simultaneous occurrence of the locked-in syndrome and ocular bobbing apropos of
      2 cases].

PMID- 3684252
TI  - [Effects of hypothiazide in hematuria and hypercalciuria in children].

PMID- 3684253
TI  - [Segmentation disorders of nuclei of neutrophilic granulocytes in the
      myelodysplasia syndrome].

PMID- 3684254
TI  - [Incidence of bronchial asthma among 14-to-18-year-olds in Budapest].

PMID- 3684255
TI  - [Pediatric clinical pharmacology].

PMID- 3684256
TI  - [A microcomputerized publication data base for clinics and research institutes].

PMID- 3684257
TI  - [Fibrosis of the pancreatoduodenal fossa].

PMID- 3684258
TI  - [Experimental study of binding and effects of cardiac glycosides in the coronary
      circulation of the intact and ischemic heart].

PMID- 3684259
TI  - [Transient hyperphosphatasemia in infancy].

PMID- 3684260
TI  - [Familial partial 17p duplication].

PMID- 3684261
TI  - [Perspectives for the future in nursing education. 1].

PMID- 3684262
TI  - [Counseling and care by the home nurse].

PMID- 3684263
TI  - [Is our humanity in danger?].

PMID- 3684264
TI  - [Nursing today and on its way into a new century].

PMID- 3684265
TI  - [Perspectives for the future of nursing education. 2].

PMID- 3684266
TI  - [Trends in continuing education in Austria].

PMID- 3684267
TI  - [Counseling and care by self-help groups].

PMID- 3684268
TI  - [Smoking in our school. Smoking habits of students of the Nursing School of the
      Sisters of Mercy in Linz--a study--1].

PMID- 3684269
TI  - [Current nursing education from the student's viewpoint].

PMID- 3684270
TI  - [Working with the aged].

PMID- 3684271
TI  - [What is nursing?].

PMID- 3684272
TI  - Vision behind the cataract.

PMID- 3684273
TI  - The effect of spatial frequency on steady-state accommodation.
AB  - Accommodation responses to sinusoidally modulated vertical gratings, at a
      vergence of -5.0 D, were measured over a 10 min period. Three spatial frequencies
      were employed: 1.67, 5.0 and 15 cycles degree-1. The results show that 1.67 and
      5.0 cycles degree-1 elicit good accommodation responses which are temporally
      stable. All five subjects employed were unable to maintain an accurate
      accommodation response to a 15 cycles degree-1 grating. Consideration of the
      changes occurring in the retinal modulation with accommodative error indicates
      that spatial frequencies around 5.0 cycles degree-1 are the most useful for
      accommodation.

PMID- 3684274
TI  - Effects of relaxation and aversive visual stimulation on dark focus
      accommodation.
AB  - There is evidence that sympathetic innervation induces decreases in accommodation
      or accommodation amplitude. If so, emotional stress that produces sympathetic
      activation should induce similar changes in accommodation. In two experiments,
      dark focus accommodation was assessed following deep relaxation and after
      subjects looked at gruesome slides. Results showed that stress exposure led to
      lower dark focus values than did relaxation. Further, the degree to which dark
      focus was affected depended on subjects' levels of perceived arousal, and on the
      degree of stressfulness represented by the slides. It was concluded that
      psychological stress can produce predictable changes in accommodation, changes
      most parsimoniously understood in terms of autonomic innervation of the ciliary
      body.

PMID- 3684275
TI  - Effect of a near-vision task on the response AC/A of a myopic population.
AB  - The effect of a 14 minute near-vision task on the response accommodative
      convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratio was investigated for three refractive
      groups (each comprising N = 17)--emmetropes, early-onset myopes (EOM), i.e.
      myopia onset prior to 15 years of age, and late-onset myopes (LOM), i.e. onset 15
      years or later. AC/A ratios were derived from accommodative stimuli of 3.0, 3.9
      and 4.6 D. Accommodation was measured using an objective infra-red autorefractor
      which allowed unrestricted viewing through a semi-silvered mirror and this
      permitted concomitant vergence changes to be assessed using a Maddox rod and
      tangent scale. EOMs exhibit a significantly higher response AC/A ratio than the
      two other refractive groups. The implications of these modifications in response
      AC/A are discussed with reference to current models of accommodation-vergence
      interaction.

PMID- 3684276
TI  - Schematic modelling of peripheral astigmatism in real eyes.
AB  - A method is described whereby any schematic eye possessing a two-surfaced,
      monoindicial lens can be manipulated to yield the same amounts of peripheral
      astigmatism as found in real eyes. Its optical performance is discussed and it is
      demonstrated that schematic eyes of this type cannot simultaneously yield the
      amounts of peripheral astigmatism and spherical aberration that are observed in
      real eyes.

PMID- 3684277
TI  - The distribution of refractive errors in Nigeria.
AB  - A clinical study of the refractive errors of 349 females aged between 5 and 69
      years and 473 males aged between 3 and 62 years was undertaken. This report
      describes the prevalence of the different types of refractive errors with regard
      to sex and age.

PMID- 3684278
TI  - Uncorrected refractive error among a hospital population.
AB  - Patients admitted for general medical care to a North London Hospital were
      screened using a pinhole disc in conjunction with their usual visual aid. One
      third of the group showed significant improvement in visual acuity, suggesting a
      change in refractive correction was necessary. These people were not more likely
      to have had less recent eye examinations or to complain of poor vision. They were
      more likely to be over 50 years old, have poor mobility, to have no idea of cost
      of change in refractive correction and to subjectively note improvement in vision
      with pinhole disc.

PMID- 3684279
TI  - A "hidden" deficit in central vision in diabetic pan-retinal photocoagulation
      patients.
AB  - Adaptation ability in the center of vision was tested in diabetic patients
      treated with pan-retinal photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy and in normal
      control subjects. This was accomplished with a specially designed contrast
      sensitivity testing regimen. Patients with retinopathy showed "hidden" deficits,
      losses in adaptation ability that could not be measured by standard clinical
      tests, such as visual acuity. This new test thus quantifies a previously
      unmeasured visual problem that affects the everyday visual function of these
      patients.

PMID- 3684280
TI  - Vertical yoked prism--patient acceptance and postural adjustment.
AB  - Vertical yoked prism is sometimes incorporated into multifocal lenses to obtain a
      thinner lens, or prescribed for oculomotor deficiencies, or occurs if the
      vertical placement of spectacle lenses before the eyes is inappropriate. Patient
      acceptance of and postural and perceptual adaptation to such prism were studied.
      Twenty-three subjects wore spectacles with no vertical prism and also with
      bilateral vertical yoked prism. The subject population could not significantly
      differentiate between 2 delta base down and 0 delta. There was a nearly unanimous
      rejection of 4 delta base down. Postural changes were significant during 4 delta
      wear but not during 2 delta wear. The results suggest that 2 delta may be
      accepted by most patients, but 4 delta will not.

PMID- 3684281
TI  - Effect of defocus on visual field measurement.
AB  - Defocus increased visual field contrast thresholds for stimuli equal to or
      smaller than Goldmann perimeter target III (26 min arc diameter). Beyond 30
      degrees-40 degrees from the centre of the visual field, defocus had little effect
      on contrast thresholds. For accurate clinical perimetry, ametropia and presbyopia
      should be corrected for small targets (less than or equal to target III) within
      30 degrees-40 degrees of fixation with either a spectacle lens (if required power
      less than +/- 10 D) or a contact lens. Larger stimuli are little affected by
      defocus. Outside this central 30 degrees-40 degrees field, correction with
      contact lenses should be provided if fixation is poor due to ametropia. Scotomata
      for which no cause is evident should be further investigated to find whether they
      have a refractive basis.

PMID- 3684282
TI  - A comparative study in the use of closed-circuit television reading machines and
      optical aids by patients with retinitis pigmentosa and maculopathy.
AB  - Patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) who have insufficient vision to benefit
      from optical low vision aids are frequently helped by the closed-circuit
      television (CCTV) reading machines. RP patients' use of the CCTV is compared with
      that of patients with maculopathy (i.e. a group with a central scotoma only, is
      compared to a group which also has additional peripheral field loss), and with
      that of a "normal" control group. The performance of people with RP is improved
      by using white print on a black background, while macular degeneration subjects
      have no significant preference. Speed limits appear to be a function of
      restrictions imposed by the machine. Both groups frequently read faster with
      "optical aids".

PMID- 3684283
TI  - Spectacle lenses and third-order distortion.
AB  - Third-order formulae are developed for calculation of distortion in thin
      spectacle lenses, when one or both surfaces are conicoid aspherics. Solutions
      which allow correction of rotatory or peripheral distortion, when one lens
      surface is a conicoid aspheric, are illustrated. A study of these solutions shows
      that one of the off-axis power errors (e.g. oblique astigmatism) and one of the
      distortions can be simultaneously eliminated, but the lens forms required are too
      curved to be cosmetically feasible.

PMID- 3684284
TI  - Object-motion detection affected by concurrent self-motion perception: applied
      aspects for vehicle guidance.
AB  - Thresholds and response times for object-motion detection are significantly
      raised during concurrent real or visually induced self-motion perception. This
      was demonstrated by standardized laboratory experiments in which subjects had to
      react to a suprathreshold visual stimulus (1 degree-light spot moving with 5
      degrees/s speed) under different stimulus conditions of simultaneously perceived
      self-motion. Elevated response times (mean elevation factor: 3.27) were also
      obtained for the detection of changes in inter-vehicle distance (headway) under
      real road conditions with the simultaneous involvement of self- and object-motion
      perception compared to a corresponding (object-motion perception) simulation in
      the laboratory without any self-motion. With regard to vehicle guidance, existing
      concepts of safe stopping distances, which depend upon adequate detection of a
      collision course and the corresponding reaction times, have to be recalculated.

PMID- 3684285
TI  - An improved method for using the DTL fibre in electroretinography.
AB  - An improved method using DTL fibre for electroretinography is described. The DTL
      fibre is comfortable and easy to apply. Corneal anaesthesia is unnecessary. The
      DTL fiber does not interfere with the retinal image and has been used
      successfully to record both pattern and flash electroretinograms from subjects of
      all ages.

PMID- 3684286
TI  - Power spectrum analysis in the study of ocular mechanisms.
AB  - The use of power-spectrum analysis in the study of ocular dynamics is becoming
      increasingly widespread. This paper summarizes the key points of signal
      acquisition and power-spectrum analysis, emphasizing aspects which we have found
      to be of relevance when the technique is applied to experiments in binocular
      accommodation. The considerations and conclusions are relevant to other areas of
      investigation into ocular dynamics and similar biological systems.

PMID- 3684288
TI  - Facial plating.

PMID- 3684287
TI  - F-M 100-Hue total error scores have discrete values.
AB  - A proof is presented which shows that the total error scores derived from the
      Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue test are an integer multiple of 4. The one proviso for
      this relates to the way in which the first and last caps in a box are handled.

PMID- 3684289
TI  - Rigid internal fixation of mandibular fractures--basics of AO technique.
AB  - The main advantages and purposes of the AO approach are early active pain-free
      functional movement; avoidance of intermaxillary fixation; safe, secured airways
      without tracheotomies, especially in polytraumatized patients; and shorter
      periods of hospitalization. However, it is also an approach that requires strict
      adherence to technique to ensure success and safety.

PMID- 3684290
TI  - Use of rigid internal fixation in the repair of complex and comminuted mandible
      fractures.
AB  - An overview of the use of rigid internal fixation using the AO method for the
      repair of complex mandibular injuries is presented. The end result of such an
      approach is the return of the patient as rapidly as possible to his or her normal
      status with return to normal alimentation, normal mobility of the mandible,
      normal airway, and normal access to the oral cavity.

PMID- 3684291
TI  - Surgical procedures for reconstruction of the lower jaw using the titanium-coated
      hollow-screw reconstruction plate system: bridging of defects.
AB  - The various advantages rendered by the system described enable primary as well as
      long-term functional stability even in cases in which conventional systems would
      be insufficient. The evaluation of 49 cases managed in Bern and Sweden confirm
      the efficiency of this reconstruction system.

PMID- 3684292
TI  - [Skin tests and cytologic examination in the diagnosis of bacterial allergy of
      the upper respiratory tract].

PMID- 3684293
TI  - [Effect of ampicillin on blast transformation of lymphocytes in patients with
      laryngeal cancer, precancerous conditions and in healthy persons].

PMID- 3684294
TI  - [Catecholamine levels in vasomotor rhinitis].

PMID- 3684295
TI  - [Current advances in reconstructive surgery of the ear using allogeneic
      transplants].

PMID- 3684296
TI  - [Fixed lateralization in bone conduction and the limitations of audiometry in
      cochlear reserve testing].

PMID- 3684297
TI  - [Malignant melanoma of the nasal mucosa].

PMID- 3684298
TI  - [Esthesioneuroblastoma of the maxillary sinus].

PMID- 3684299
TI  - [Metastases of renal adenocarcinoma to the larynx and paranasal sinuses].

PMID- 3684300
TI  - [Subdural hematoma as a complication of chronic otitis media].

PMID- 3684301
TI  - [Results of the surgical treatment of laryngeal cancer after radiotherapy
      failure].

PMID- 3684302
TI  - [Multiple primary malignant neoplasms].

PMID- 3684303
TI  - [Closure of pharyngeal and esophageal fistulas after laryngectomy with musculo
      cutaneous flaps using pectoralis major muscle].

PMID- 3684304
TI  - [Foreign bodies in the salivary glands].

PMID- 3684305
TI  - Guidelines established for mandatory drug testing in the workplace.

PMID- 3684306
TI  - Nursing care for the homeless.

PMID- 3684307
TI  - Critical health problems of critical concern.

PMID- 3684308
TI  - Your own malpractice insurance--is it necessary?

PMID- 3684309
TI  - [Skinfold thickness of newborn infants. Study of reference values in Rostock
      neonates].

PMID- 3684310
TI  - [Cardiopulmonary performance of children surviving the respiratory distress
      syndrome].

PMID- 3684311
TI  - [Phenobarbital levels following single dose oral administration in children with
      various distribution measures].

PMID- 3684312
TI  - [Dislocated hip--new aspects on the further development of possibilities for its
      prevention].

PMID- 3684313
TI  - [Pulmonary diseases and extrapulmonary causes of airway obstruction in the
      neonatal period--symptomatology and roentgenologic findings].

PMID- 3684314
TI  - [Mastoiditis in infancy and early childhood].

PMID- 3684315
TI  - [Effect of examples on the suicidal behavior of adolescents].

PMID- 3684316
TI  - [Diagnosis of thyroid function in premature infants in intensive care].
AB  - In 87 premature infants of an neonatal intensive care unit (gestational age 28-37
      weeks) serum-T4, -fT4 and TSH were investigated on day 10, 20 and 30 and at term
      respectively, in addition to the usual TSH-screening (capillary specimen) on day
      5. In 47 neonates (54%) T4 and fT4 were found to be low, including all infants
      under 30 weeks of gestational age and all ventilated infants. Screening TSH was
      not elevated but in some cases with iodine contamination. 12 of 13 infants in
      whom TRH-stimulation was performed showed significant response of TSH. We
      conclude that compromised thyroid function, common in prematures and infants
      under intensive care, is similar to the euthyroid sick syndrome in adults and
      does not require therapy. Replacement of thyroid hormone is only indicated in
      neonates with increased TSH.

PMID- 3684317
TI  - [Use of the calcium-creatinine ratio in diagnosis and therapy].
AB  - Hypercalciuria is a major cause of urolithiasis in adults and has reached
      increasing attendance in childhood. Traditionally urinary excretion of calcium is
      evaluated by 24-hour urine collection. Previous reports proposed the urinary
      calcium/urinary creatinine ratio (Ca/Cr-ratio) to diagnose hypercalciuric states.
      In 10 children with normocalciuria and 8 children with hypercalciuria the values
      of calcium excretion and Ca/Cr-ratio in a 24-hour urine collection were compared.
      40 analyses showed a significant correlation (p = 0.001, r = 0.91) and
      hypercalciuria (urinary calcium greater than 4 mg/kg/day) is present if the Ca/Cr
      ratio exceeds 0.23 (mg/mg). In 10 of the 18 patients the Ca/Cr-ratio of the 24
      hour collection was compared with the Ca/Cr-ratio of a random urine sample
      collected 3 hours after breakfast. No significant difference was present. In 9 of
      10 patients the correct diagnosis (normocalciuria or hypercalciuria) was possible
      by evaluation of this random urine sample. Our studies indicate that the
      evaluation of Ca/Cr-ratio in a random urine sample is a simple and reliable
      method to detect hypercalciuria and should be performed in all children with
      urolithiasis or unexplained hematuria. It is also a simple test for early
      detection of hypercalciuria in patients with long-term administration of vitamin
      D metabolites.

PMID- 3684318
TI  - Dysrhythmias following the Mustard and Senning operation for transposition of the
      great arteries.
AB  - The prevalence and nature of late dysrhythmias following operative repair of
      transposition of the great arteries were evaluated in 32 children using pre- and
      postoperative standard electrocardiograms and postoperative Holter monitoring.
      The Mustard procedure was performed in 17 patients, the Senning procedure in 15
      patients. The mean age at operation was 40 +/- 35 months in the Mustard and 9 +/-
      6 months in the Senning group. The mean interval between operation and Holter
      monitoring 7 +/- 2 years in the Mustard and 1.6 +/- 1 years in the Senning group.
      All patients had sinus rhythm preoperatively. Following operation, the incidence
      of sinus rhythm increased from 59% in the Mustard and 87% in the Senning group in
      the first postoperative week to 76% in the Mustard and 100% in the Senning group
      at the end of follow-up (mean 4.6 +/- 3.5 years). Holter monitoring revealed
      dysrhythmias or conduction abnormalities in 12 patients (9 Mustard, 3 Senning). A
      permanent pacemaker had to be inserted in 2 Mustard patients because of complete
      atrioventricular block and sinus bradycardia with sinus arrest, respectively.
      Results indicate a prevalence of late postoperative dysrhythmias of 20% in the
      Senning and of 59% in the Mustard group (p less than 0.05). However, the
      significantly longer mean follow-up period of the Mustard group precludes a
      direct comparison between the 2 types of repair.

PMID- 3684319
TI  - [You make the diagnosis. Early infantile form of malignant osteopetrosis (Albers
      Schonberg)].

PMID- 3684320
TI  - The application of magnetic resonance in spinal cord disorders.
AB  - The introduction of the proton magnetic resonance imaging into clinical practice
      shows significant diagnostic potentials, and throws a new light on pathological
      changes involving the spinal cord, in particular on those related to trauma and
      its sequelae. The initial experience concerning the use of the proton magnetic
      resonance imaging in 28 patients, in whom paraplegia or quadriplegia developed
      following an injury to the spine, indicates that magnetic resonance imaging has
      specific advantages over other investigative modalities. Magnetic resonance
      imaging techniques permit, in most instances, a distinct demarcation of the
      spinal cord in its entire length or in segments, without ionising radiation or
      intrathecal introduction of contrast media. A significant superiority of magnetic
      resonance imaging is the feasibility to apply multiplanar imaging of the spinal
      cord without moving the paralysed patient and the possibility to repeat the
      imaging, even on an outpatient basis, without a major discomfort to the patient.
      Most of the post-traumatic lesions can be identified in magnetic resonance
      images, however, the application of paramagnetic enhancers may have to be
      considered in order to achieve a distinct delineation of a lesion from the
      surrounding normal spinal cord tissue in selected cases. Despite some current
      limitations, magnetic resonance imaging has opened new avenues to obtain
      information about the anatomy, and, in particular, the biochemistry of the spinal
      cord.

PMID- 3684321
TI  - Urological problems in the management of quadriplegic women.
AB  - During the past 25 years enormous progress has been made in the management of the
      neuropathic bladder, largely as a result of the adoption of intermittent
      catheterisation, together with improvements in catheter-related techniques, and
      the judicious use of antibacterial drugs and sphincter surgery. A few
      quadriplegic women can be trained to do self-intermittent catheterisation, using
      a special technique. For the majority of these women, however, there is no
      practical alternative at present to indwelling catheters. Bladder spasms
      resulting from the mechanical stimulation of the catheter and/or repeated
      infections may be difficult to control, and illustrative cases demonstrating some
      problems encountered are presented. There is an obvious need for an external
      collecting device for these women. The development in the field of such devices
      are presented and evaluated.

PMID- 3684322
TI  - Bracing of thoracic and lumbar spine fractures.
AB  - A prospective study of the non-operative management of 33 thoracic and lumbar
      fractures and dislocations was undertaken examining factors such as duration of
      bed rest and brace prescription. Outcome was assessed using Frankel's grading
      system and serial radiological examination. Bed rest for 6 to 8 weeks followed by
      16 weeks of immobilisation in a thoraco-lumbar orthosis (either a moulded
      plastazote lined polythene brace or a Taylor brace) resulted in less than 15
      degrees kyphus in 85% of patients and less than 20% kyphus in 94%. One patient
      with a T12/L1 dislocation who had an early decompressive laminectomy showed
      persistent instability and required internal fixation. One patient with an L1
      fracture who initially wore a Hexalite brace developed late instability (at 12
      months after injury) and required spinal osteotomy and fusion. Neurological
      improvement was observed in 50% of patients, and no permanent neurological
      deterioration occurred. A non-operative regimen of treatment of fractured
      thoracic and lumbar vertebrae as described is an alternative to prolonged
      immobilisation in bed, or early operative fusion.

PMID- 3684323
TI  - Clinical and electromyographic evaluation of obturator neurectomy in severe
      spasticity.
AB  - Obturator neurectomy was performed in 35 patients with severe spasticity of the
      lower limbs. Immediate release of excessive spasticity in the adductor group of
      muscles was observed and confirmed by E.M.G. In most cases, a beneficial
      reduction of spasticity in other groups of muscles in the lower limbs was also
      observed. As a result, rehabilitation of the patients was improved.

PMID- 3684324
TI  - Comparison of physiological responses to maximal arm exercise among able-bodied,
      paraplegics and quadriplegics.
AB  - A comparison of pulmonary, cardiovascular and metabolic responses was made in 32
      subjects consisting of 11 able-bodied, 8 paraplegics (T4-L3 lesions) and 13
      quadriplegics (C5-C8 lesions) during maximal arm cranking exercise. A progressive
      continuous arm cranking test, modified for each group, was employed to elicit
      maximal responses with pulmonary and metabolic determinations made with open
      circuit spirometry and selected cardiovascular measurements made by impedance
      cardiography. Additionally, non-exercise static and dynamic lung function
      assessments were made. Quadriplegics had significantly lower (p less than 0.05)
      tidal volumes, vital capacities, forced expiratory volumes at 1 seconds, and
      maximal breathing capacities than the other two groups. The mean peak VO2 during
      maximal arm cranking was 28.2, 25.3 and 12.0 ml/kg.min for the able-bodied (AB),
      paraplegics (PP) and quadriplegics (QP), respectively. Furthermore, reduced
      cardiovascular function was observed in the QP as evident in the low peak HR (109
      b/min), peak SV (52 ml/b) and peak Q (5.7 l/min). Values for the QP were 64% and
      64% peak HR, 89% and 50% peak SV and 54% and 33% peak Q of values observed for
      the PP and AB groups, respectively. The peak SV and Q values were significantly
      lower (P less than 0.05) for the PP group when compared with the AB group.
      Although not statistically significant the estimated a-v O2 difference was higher
      for both spinal cord injured groups (14.0 and 14.6 ml O2/100 ml, PP and QP
      respectively). The impaired work capacity and reduced oxygen transport and
      utilisation of the QP group can be attributed to impaired sympathetic cardiac
      stimulation and a smaller available active muscle mass.

PMID- 3684325
TI  - Intraspinal chordomas.
AB  - Intraspinal chordomas are rare tumors, comprising about 1% of central nervous
      system tumors. They are derived from notochordal elements which have failed to
      degenerate and are mainly found in the sphenooccipital and sacrococcygeal
      regions. These tumors are very slowly growing, are virtually impossible to excise
      completely and only metastasise in about 10% of cases. This paper reports on 3
      cases of chordomas at 3 different levels and thus causing 3 different clinical
      pictures. The therapeutic possibilities are outlined.

PMID- 3684326
TI  - Spinal cord injury in 44 patients with cervical spondylosis.

PMID- 3684327
TI  - Plasmodium chabaudi: a rodent malaria model for in-vivo and in-vitro
      cytoadherence of malaria parasites in the absence of knobs.
AB  - The ability of Plasmodium chabaudi infected erythrocytes to bind to endothelial
      cells in vivo and to various murine cell lines in vitro is described. A procedure
      for the selective recovery of a sequestering subpopulation of schizont-infected
      erythrocytes from hepatic sinusoids of BALB/c mice, using a combination of body
      perfusion, trypsin treatment and Percoll density centrifugation was developed.
      The serial subinoculation of such a subpopulation was used to select for a clone
      of parasites (strain AJJ) with considerably better cytoadherent characteristics
      than the parent line (strain AJ). In contrast, it was demonstrated that another
      clone (PC7), showed no cytoadherence in vivo or in vitro. This study shows that
      parasite induced alterations occurred on the surface of erythrocytes infected
      with late developmental stages of P. chabaudi. The antigenicity of these
      molecules in the infected mouse was demonstrated using immune serum and affinity
      chromatography. Cytoadherence and surface antigenic changes in P. chabaudi
      schizont-infected erythrocytes were demonstrated in the absence of the
      submembranous 'knobs' associated with cytoadherence in P. falciparum.

PMID- 3684328
TI  - Two-dimensional electrophoretic comparison of the antigens and biosynthetically
      labelled proteins of Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Ostertagia circumcincta.
AB  - The proteins and antigens of different life stages of Trichostrongylus
      colubriformis were compared with those of Ostertagia circumcincta in an attempt
      to identify the subset of parasite molecules that is genus-specific and that may
      therefore be involved in the induction of genus-specific, host-protective
      immunity. Novel short-term culture techniques were instituted to label
      biosynthetically the proteins of the infective larval and adult stages of the
      parasites using 35S-methionine. High resolution, two-dimensional electrophoretic
      profiles of the labelled proteins indicated that the majority of proteins
      synthesized by adults were also present in the larval stages. Qualitative
      differences in the levels of these common proteins were observed, indicating
      differences in protein expression or turnover. There was extensive homology
      between larvae from the different species, with only eight major differences
      apparent in their profiles of biosynthetically-labelled proteins. Western blot
      analysis using immune sheep sera indicated that extensive homology also existed
      between the antigens of T. colubriformis and O. circumcincta larvae.

PMID- 3684329
TI  - Neoplasms associated with immune deficiencies.

PMID- 3684330
TI  - [Pathophysiological aspects of organic and systemic blood circulation].

PMID- 3684331
TI  - [Capacitive function of the venous vessels of skeletal muscle in experimental
      venous insufficiency and immobilization stress].

PMID- 3684332
TI  - [Methodological problems of pathological physiology].

PMID- 3684333
TI  - [Macro- and microcirculatory reactions of the cerebral vascular system in
      intracranial hypertension].

PMID- 3684334
TI  - [Effect of the combined action of hypoxia and hypothermia on the macro- and
      microhemodynamics of skeletal muscle].

PMID- 3684335
TI  - [Adrenergic mechanisms linking intestinal vascular functions in hypothermia].

PMID- 3684336
TI  - [Changes in the catecholamine content of rat tissues following cold exposure].

PMID- 3684337
TI  - [Methodological approaches to restoring the antiaggregation properties of the
      vascular wall].

PMID- 3684338
TI  - [Serotonin metabolism in thrombocytes in acute renovascular arterial
      hypertension].

PMID- 3684339
TI  - [Effect of ionizing radiation on the hemostatic system].

PMID- 3684340
TI  - [Mechanism of action of reflected helium-neon laser radiation].

PMID- 3684341
TI  - [Free-radical lipid oxidation and DNA synthesis in the heart in adriablastin
      induced cardiomyopathy and the action of the antioxidant ionol].

PMID- 3684342
TI  - [Effect of dibunol on lipid peroxidation and the alpha-tocopherol level in the
      heart of rats with myocardial infarct].

PMID- 3684343
TI  - [Effect of dietotherapy on thrombocyte lysosomal hydrolase activity in patients
      with hyperlipidemia and ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 3684344
TI  - [Method for reproducing acute experimental ischemia of the extremities in rats].

PMID- 3684345
TI  - [Intensification of papain-induced pulmonary emphysema in rats exposed to BCG
      vaccine. I. Histologic studies and morphometric evaluation of the lungs].

PMID- 3684346
TI  - [Intensification of papain-induced emphysema in rats exposed to BCG vaccine. II.
      Histochemical and ultrastructural studies of alveolar macrophages in situ].

PMID- 3684347
TI  - [Use of intraoperative imprint cytologic studies in the diagnosis of nodular
      changes of the breasts].

PMID- 3684348
TI  - [Image of the endothelium of the rat aorta in the early period of experimental
      arteriosclerosis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies].

PMID- 3684349
TI  - [Histochemical and histoenzymatic studies of the myocardium of rats on an
      atherogenic diet].

PMID- 3684350
TI  - [Lymphomatoid papulosis (Macaulay's disease). Description of 3 cases].

PMID- 3684351
TI  - Colic, constipation, and diarrhea--old symptoms, new approaches.

PMID- 3684352
TI  - Reflections of a pediatrician on his gastroenterological roots.

PMID- 3684353
TI  - Overview of therapy for irritable bowel syndrome.

PMID- 3684354
TI  - Pediatric ophthalmology.

PMID- 3684355
TI  - Computerized tomography in pneumatocoeles after paraffin ingestion.
AB  - Paraffin pneumonia is a common form of poisoning but pneumatocoeles are an
      uncommon complication. This is a report of the computerized tomography (CT) of
      seven patients who developed pneumatocoeles after the ingestion of paraffin. The
      finding on the CT are presented and the situation and characteristics of the
      pneumatocoeles are indicated.

PMID- 3684356
TI  - Mediastinal pseudomass: pneumonia and atelectasis behind the left pulmonary
      ligament.
AB  - In children, left lower lobe pneumonia posterior to the pulmonary ligament may
      mimic a paramediastinal mass. Over a period of 6 years we have seen 12 children
      with this unusual appearance, which we attribute to a peculiar type of
      atelectasis or infiltration of the left lower lobe or a segment of it. The
      radiographic appearance is thought to be the result of incomplete anchoring of
      the left lung by a short pulmonary ligament. The radiographic findings are
      demonstrated, and the benign clinical course is emphasized.

PMID- 3684357
TI  - The treatment of post-operative and peptic esophageal strictures after esophageal
      atresia repair. A program including dilatation with balloon catheters.
AB  - Nine patients, 6 weeks to 17 years of age with esophageal atresia (EA), developed
      esophageal strictures and were treated with 26 balloon catheter dilatations over
      a period of 3 years; 6 are now asymptomatic. Five of the 9 patients had suspected
      reflux esophagitis, confirmed in 3 by biopsy and treated medically prior to
      dilatation. Seven of the 9 patients had a primary anastomosis, 1 a gastric tube,
      and 1 a colonic interposition. Most dilatations in the group of 7 were performed
      with balloon (B) greater than or equal to the diameter of the distal esophagus
      (E) (B/E greater than or equal to 1). The 3 residually symptomatic patients
      include an infant dilated conservatively (B/E less than 1) to facilitate later
      bouginage, 1 patient with a recurrent stricture after stopping medical therapy
      and home bouginage, and 1 infant who had a persistent anastomotic stricture,
      suspected but untreated reflux esophagitis, and a perforation during the second
      balloon dilatation. Balloon catheter esophageal dilatation, as an alternative to
      bouginage, is usually a safe and effective procedure when reflux esophagitis is
      diagnosed and treated prior to dilatation.

PMID- 3684358
TI  - A computerized system for handling renal size measurements from urograms.
AB  - The size of a kidney, as measured on a urogram, is a sensitive indicator of renal
      damage in a child with urinary tract infection and renal surface area correlates
      well with glomerular filtration rate. Sequential measurements can be invaluable
      in evaluating the efficacy of a regimen of treatment. A system utilizing a
      personal microcomputer has been developed to facilitate the measuring procedure
      and the handling and analysis of data.

PMID- 3684359
TI  - Intravenous urography in children and youth.
AB  - This report derives from Tromsoe in northern Norway. In a retrospective study of
      the indications for intravenous urography (IU) and the findings at IU in 740
      patients (451 girls and 289 boys) aged 0-19 years, we found that urinary tract
      infections accounted for 69.4% of the IU in females 30.1% of the IU in males,
      most often seen in the youngest patients. The pathological findings most
      frequently seen were anomalies (17 females and 10 males) and urinary tract
      obstruction (3 females and 15 males). The present study indicates the following:
      first, that the yield of IU in the primary investigation of children and youth
      suffering from enuresis and non-specific abdominal disturbancies is small; and
      second, that the use of IU in children and youth with urinary tract infection and
      haematuria should be questioned and reconsidered.

PMID- 3684360
TI  - Perinatally lethal short rib-polydactyly syndromes. 1. Variability in known
      syndromes.
AB  - Thirteen newborns with lethal short rib-polydactyly (SRP) have been reviewed, 11
      with SRP type III (Verma-Naumoff) and 2 with SRP type II (Majewski). In the
      former group there were three sets of siblings. The excess of males with SRP type
      III (Verma-Naumoff) is confirmed in this present study. A high frequency of
      phenotypic females including sex-reversed constitutional males with SRP type I
      (Saldino-Noonan) is in marked contrast to these findings in SRP type III.
      Possible hypotheses include variable expressivity in non-Majewski short rib
      polydactyly syndromes with sex-reversed and constitutional female cases tending
      to show more severe phenotypic expression both in terms of major anomalies and
      skeletal dysplastic effects.

PMID- 3684361
TI  - Radiologic findings in the Proteus syndrome.
AB  - The radiological findings in two patients with the Proteus syndrome are
      described. Features in our two cases not previously mentioned or stressed include
      vertebral dysplasia and enlargement (megaspondylodysplasia), bilateral genu
      valgum, recurrent after surgery and intraabdominal and mesenteric lipomatosis.
      Emergency laparotomy was performed on the first patient who had a twisted
      necrotic portion of mesenteric fat. Macrodactyly, skeletal muscle atrophy and
      subcutaneous fat accumulation in the abdominal wall were present in both. In
      addition the second patient was mentally retarded and had frontal bony prominence
      of skull. Computed tomography was used for the specific diagnosis of the
      lipomatous tissues in both patients.

PMID- 3684362
TI  - The Proteus syndrome: the magnetic resonance and radiological features.
AB  - The Proteus syndrome is a recently delineated group of skeletal and mesodermal
      malformations. Its characteristics include hemihypertrophy and
      fatty/lymphangiomatous masses. This description outlines the imaging sequences
      available to the radiologist. It is mainly concerned with the use of magnetic
      resonance imaging. This shows the extent of the mesodermal malformation with
      particular reference to the extent of intra abdominal infiltration.

PMID- 3684363
TI  - Experiences with iohexol (Omnipaque) at urography.
AB  - In a prospective study of 547 pediatric intravenous pyelographies with a new non
      ionic contrast medium (iohexol), only 5 (0.9%) minor reactions were observed. The
      higher price seems justified, and iohexol is strongly recommended in neonates as
      well as older children.

PMID- 3684364
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
AB  - Eight children representing a spectrum of clinical states of biopsy-proven
      Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) underwent magnetic resonance (MR) scans to
      assess the degree of muscular involvement and disease progression. Five muscle
      groups (neck, shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle, thigh and calf) were evaluated. In
      each case, involved muscles were clearly demarcated. Image estimates of disease
      severity by degree of muscle involvement correlated well with clinical staging.
      In our experience MR is useful for assessment of disease stage, selection of
      appropriate muscles for biopsy and planning for courses of physical and
      rehabilitation therapy.

PMID- 3684365
TI  - Break dance hip: chronic avulsion of the anterior superior iliac spine.
AB  - A case of chronic, progressive avulsion of the anterior superior iliac spine
      leading to the formation of a long, attenuated spur of bone in an 18-year-old
      black male break dancer is described. The mechanism of formation appeared to be
      repetitive avulsion from break dancing.

PMID- 3684366
TI  - CT digital radiography: alternative technique for airway evaluation in physically
      disabled patients.
AB  - Evaluation of the airway for the presence of granulation tissue prior to removal
      of a tracheostomy is essential to prevent sudden respiratory decompensation
      secondary to obstruction. Airway examination in a brain and/or spinal cord
      injured patient is especially difficult under fluoroscopy. The patient's lack of
      mobility results in poor visualization of the trachea, secondary to the overlying
      dense osseous components of the shoulders and thoracic cage. A CT localization
      view (digital view), which allows manipulation and magnification of the digital
      data in order to see the hidden airway and detect associated obstructing lesions,
      is proffered as an alternative technique to high KV, magnification technique.
      Thirteen examinations were performed satisfactorily in eleven patients examined
      by this technique with little expenditure of time, physical exertion, and
      irradiation. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of digital airway
      examination were 100%, 67% and 92% respectively with bronchoscopy used as the
      standard.

PMID- 3684367
TI  - H-type tracheoesophageal fistula.

PMID- 3684368
TI  - Redistribution of regional blood flow and oxygen delivery in experimental
      cyanotic heart disease in newborn lambs.
AB  - Redistribution of regional blood flow is an important compensatory response to
      acute hypoxemia which preserves oxygen delivery to the most vital organs. It is
      not known if this change in blood flow persists when hypoxemia is prolonged, as
      occurs in cyanotic congenital heart disease. Chronic hypoxemia was produced in
      newborn lambs by creating pulmonary stenosis and an atrial septal defect. Oxygen
      saturation was maintained at 60-70% of control for 2 wk. Distribution of cardiac
      output was then measured with radionuclide-labeled microspheres. As compared with
      control, chronic hypoxemia did not alter total cardiac output. Regional blood
      flow was redistributed, however, the pattern of this redistribution was different
      from that seen during acute hypoxemia. Myocardial and cerebral blood flows, which
      increase during acute hypoxemia, return to control levels during chronic
      hypoxemia. Renal, splenic, gastrointestinal, carcass, and skin blood flows remain
      decreased. Hemoglobin gradually increases so that after 2 wk of hypoxemia total
      systemic oxygen delivery returns toward control. However, oxygen delivery to all
      organs except the heart and brain is reduced. Thus, although cardiac output and
      total systemic oxygen delivery return toward normal during chronic hypoxemia,
      these measurements may not reflect important regional variations in blood flow
      and oxygen delivery. Decreased oxygen and substrate delivery to the
      gastrointestinal tract, liver, and carcass may account for the alterations of
      metabolism and growth seen in the newborn with cyanotic congenital heart disease.

PMID- 3684369
TI  - Local antibodies to alpha-casein and beta-lactoglobulin in the saliva of infants.
AB  - Salivary antibodies were studied in 112 infants between 1 day and 8 yr of life.
      SIgA anticasein was present from birth in breast-fed and bottle-fed infants.
      Bottle-feeding resulted in significantly higher concentrations of SIgA anticasein
      at 3 wk to 3 months of life as compared to breast-feeding. Salivary anticasein
      declined toward the end of the 1st yr and was present in less than half of the
      children older than 1 yr. Salivary anti-beta-lactoglobulin was also present at
      birth in some infants. Levels increased slightly over the following 3 months but
      remained low. Only a minority of older children had this antibody in their
      saliva.

PMID- 3684370
TI  - The role of growth hormone in stunted head growth after cranial irradiation.
AB  - The head sizes of 38 patients, growth hormone (GH) deficient following
      craniospinal (n = 26) or cranial irradiation (n = 12), have been assessed before
      (n = 38) and on completion of GH therapy (n = 15) or at the end of a similar
      period of observation without GH (n = 7). These results were compared to the
      change in head size seen in idiopathic GH deficiency following GH therapy (n =
      14). Before GH therapy, the latter had small heads [mean occipitofrontal
      circumference SD score (SDS) -1], which were relatively large compared to the
      height deficit [height SDS (CA) -4.7], and they exhibited catch-up growth with GH
      (delta occipitofrontal circumference SDS + 0.7, final occipitofrontal
      circumference SDS -0.2). In contrast, over a similar period all patients, who
      previously had received cranial irradiation in the dosage range 2700-4750 centi
      Geigy, irrespective of the radiation schedule or GH treatment, showed a decrease
      in occipitofrontal circumference SDS (mean delta -0.9), a significant difference
      to the expected head growth of normal children over a similar period (p less than
      0.01). We have noted that restricted head growth occurs in the years following
      cranial irradiation and is unaffected by GH therapy. Earlier work has shown that
      cranial irradiation may impair intelligence. The exact relationship between
      intellectual impairment and stunted head growth remains to be determined.

PMID- 3684371
TI  - Vitamin K1 increases sister chromatid exchange in vitro in human leukocytes and
      in vivo in fetal sheep cells: a possible role for "vitamin K deficiency" in the
      fetus.
AB  - The levels of the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors are markedly lower in the
      human fetus and newborn than in older infants and adults. Direct measurement of
      vitamin K1 in cord plasma records low or undetectable levels. This phenomenon,
      although the norm, is referred to as vitamin K deficiency and is a significant
      risk factor for hemorrhage in the fetus and newborn. Sister chromatid exchange
      (SCE), which may be used as an index of mutagenic activity, was assayed in
      cultured leukocytes of placental and adult blood following phytohemagglutinin
      stimulation. The mean number of SCEs per metaphase in human placental blood was
      3.32 +/- SE 0.219 as compared with levels of 5.13 +/- SE 0.273 in young adults (p
      less than 0.01), and in the presence of added vitamin K1 at a concentration of 1
      X 10(-6) M the SCE increased significantly in both adult and placental cells. In
      vitro SCE dose response curves to K1 in the blood of fetal and maternal sheep
      were obtained. When five fetal sheep were given 1 mg of K1 by catheter into the
      femoral vein the SCE increased from 3.94 +/- SE 0.15 preinjection to 5.38 +/- SE
      0.23 at 24 h postinjection (p less than 0.01). In the pretreatment fetal sheep,
      serum vitamin K1 was below detectable levels in all seven animals in which it was
      assayed and reached levels as high as 0.3 X 10(-6) M 1 h post-K1 injection. The
      low level of K1 in the fetus may in fact confer some biological advantage by
      reducing the risk of mutagenic events during a period of rapid cell
      proliferation.

PMID- 3684372
TI  - Calcemic responses to photic and pharmacologic manipulation of serum melatonin.
AB  - Phototherapy of newborn rats (NBR) resulted in a decrease in serum calcium and
      melatonin levels. Transcranial light penetrance in NBR increased with wavelength.
      Below 640 nm (penetrance = 6.9%), no hypocalcemic effect could be demonstrated.
      Shielding the occiput of NBR prevented a decrease in serum calcium during
      phototherapy and substantially reduced the decrease in melatonin found in
      unshielded NBR. Intraperitoneal injection of propranolol, an inhibitor of
      melatonin synthesis, caused a decrease in serum calcium in shaded NBR. In
      contrast, when melatonin was injected with propranolol a decrease in serum
      calcium did not occur. Additionally, intraperitoneal isoproterenol before
      phototherapy protected against a decrease in serum calcium. These data are
      consistent with an hypothesis that a decrease in serum calcium during
      phototherapy results from transcranial photic inhibition of melatonin synthesis.

PMID- 3684373
TI  - Fat-free mass and total body water of infants estimated from total body
      electrical conductivity measurements.
AB  - Total body electrical conductivity measurements can be used in conjunction with
      suitable calibration curves to quantitate fat-free mass and total body water. A
      study was designed to evaluate whether calibration curves, derived from miniature
      piglets, can be used to translate total body electrical conductivity measurements
      of human infants into estimates of total body water and fat-free mass. Thirty
      four, healthy 2-, 4-, 8-, and 12-wk-old infants were studied. A comparison of the
      physical dimensions of infants and piglets indicated no large discrepancies in
      their body geometries that would invalidate the calibration from this standpoint.
      Estimates of fat-free mass, fat, and total body water were evaluated by
      comparison with the body composition of reference infants of comparable
      description. There was excellent agreement between the total body electrical
      conductivity-derived estimates and reference body composition values, suggesting
      that the calibration procedure is adequate. Thus, the total body electrical
      conductivity technique can be used to estimate the body composition of normal
      young infants without subjecting them to risk or discomfort.

PMID- 3684374
TI  - Bipyridine derivatives lower arteriolar resistance and improve left ventricular
      function in newborn lambs.
AB  - Milrinone may be used in the treatment of pulmonary hypertensive diseases of the
      newborn. We have studied its effects in chronically instrumented newborn lambs
      over a dose range from 1-100 micrograms/kg. These actions have been compared with
      those of amrinone. We have also tested the effect of milrinone on hypoxia and
      leukotriene D4-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction. Injected into the right
      pulmonary artery, both amrinone and milrinone cause a dose-related fall in
      pulmonary arteriolar resistance with milrinone being approximately 20 times more
      potent than amrinone and possessing an ED50 of about 10 micrograms/kg. Both
      agents increase left ventricular dp/dt significantly and tend to increase cardiac
      output. Systemic vascular resistance falls with both drugs but the change is
      significant only with milrinone. While milrinone attenuates the increase in
      pulmonary arteriolar resistance induced by leukotriene D4 and hypoxia, this is
      probably an indirect effect. Milrinone does not modify either the increases in
      left atrial, aortic pressure, and systemic vascular resistance or the decreases
      in cardiac output and left ventricular dp/dt induced by leukotriene D4. These
      findings suggest that milrinone deserves clinical trial in newborn infants with
      pulmonary hypertension in whom myocardial depression often coexists.

PMID- 3684375
TI  - Arousal from sleep during rapidly developing hypoxemia in lambs.
AB  - Arousal is an important protective response that may prevent severe hypoxemia and
      death during sleep. However, very little is known about arousal from sleep in
      response to respiratory stimuli in newborns. Experiments were therefore done to
      investigate the arousal response from sleep to rapidly developing hypoxemia in
      eight lambs. Each lamb was anesthetized and instrumented for recordings of
      electrocorticogram, electrooculogram, nuchal and diaphragm electromyograms, and
      measurements of arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation. A tracheotomy was done and
      a tracheostomy tube placed in the trachea so that the fraction of inspired oxygen
      could be changed quickly. No sooner than 3 days after surgery, measurements were
      made in quiet sleep and active sleep (AS) during 30-s control periods when the
      animals were breathing 21% oxygen and during experimental periods of hypoxemia
      when the animals were breathing either 10, 5, or 0% oxygen in nitrogen. During
      quiet sleep, arousal occurred at similar arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturations
      (81 +/- 6% on 10% O2, 80 +/- 5% on 5% O2 and 83 +/- 5% on 0% O2) suggesting that
      arousal was independent of the rate of change of arterial oxygen. However, during
      AS arousal occurred at different arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturations (76 +/-
      6% on 10% O2, 55 +/- 11% on 5% O2, and 44 +/- 17% on 0% O2) suggesting that
      arousal was dependent on the rate of change of arterial oxygen. During some
      epochs of AS, electrocortical signs of cerebral hypoxia and primary apnea
      occurred before arousal. These data provide evidence that arousal from quiet
      sleep in response to hypoxemia occurs once an arousal threshold has been
      reached.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3684376
TI  - Membrane fluidity of nonmuscle cells in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: effect on
      lymphocyte membranes of incubation in patient and control sera.
AB  - The membrane fluidity of intact fibroblasts, erythrocyte ghosts, and intact
      lymphocytes from Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients and controls was
      measured by steady state fluorescence polarization. The fluorescent probes used
      were diphenylhexatriene (DPH), trimethylammonium-DPH, and a set of n-(9
      anthroyloxy) fatty acids. Fluorescence anisotropies in DMD fibroblasts and DMD
      erythrocyte ghosts were normal. In DMD lymphocytes (n = 10) fluorescence
      anisotropy of DPH was decreased versus controls (0.212 +/- 0.028 versus 0.231 +/-
      0.012, p less than 0.05). Linear regression analysis of creatine kinase activity
      in sera and DPH fluorescence anisotropy in lymphocytes from DMD patients showed a
      negative correlation (r = -0.93, p less than 0.001). DMD lymphocytes and control
      lymphocytes were incubated for 4 h in sera from DMD patients and from controls.
      When incubated in DMD sera, DPH fluorescence anisotropy of DMD lymphocytes
      decreased from 0.211 +/- 0.018 to 0.180 +/- 0.028, and fluorescence anisotropy of
      control lymphocytes decreased from 0.239 +/- 0.012 to 0.179 +/- 0.025 reaching
      the same level as did DMD lymphocytes. When incubated in control sera, DPH
      fluorescence anisotropy of DMD lymphocytes increased to 0.224 +/- 0.012, and
      fluorescence anisotropy of control lymphocytes decreased to 0.218 +/- 0.017. The
      fluorescence anisotropy changes after incubation in DMD versus control sera were
      different (p less than 0.05 for DMD lymphocytes and p less than 0.005 for control
      cells). Our findings do not support the hypothesis of a general membrane defect
      but suggest a toxic serum factor in DMD which attacks lymphocyte membranes and
      possibly muscle membranes at the same time.

PMID- 3684377
TI  - Studies on the intestinal surface acid microclimate: developmental aspects.
AB  - The existence and general characteristics of the intestinal surface acid
      microclimate (ISAM) in the developing intestine of suckling and weanling rats
      were examined. ISAM pH measurements were performed in vitro using a sensitive
      glass pH-microelectrode. The results showed that the ISAM does exist in both
      suckling and weanling rat intestine. In both suckling and weanling rats, ISAM pH
      was significantly (p less than 0.01) lower in the jejunum than in the ileum, an
      observation similar to that previously reported in the small intestine of adult
      rats. In the colon, however, ISAM pH of suckling rats was significantly (p less
      than 0.01) lower than that of weanling and adult rats. Studies on the
      relationship between jejunal ISAM pH of weanling rats and incubation buffer pH
      showed that the two are not in equilibrium. Jejunal ISAM pH of weanling rats was
      significantly inhibited by: 1) the mucolytic agent N-acetyl-L-cysteine, 2)
      stirring of the incubation medium, 3) Na+ removal, 4) glucose removal (or
      substitution by the unmetabolizable galactose), and 5) metabolic inhibitors
      (iodoacetate and dinitrophenol). These results demonstrate the existence of the
      ISAM in the developing intestine of suckling and weanling rats and shows the
      dependence of the ISAM on Na+, metabolizable substrate(s) and normal
      intracellular metabolism. Furthermore, surface mucus appears to play a role in
      maintaining the ISAM, most probably through retaining the H+ at the intestinal
      surface.

PMID- 3684378
TI  - Vitamin K1 content of maternal milk: influence of the stage of lactation, lipid
      composition, and vitamin K1 supplements given to the mother.
AB  - Using a sensitive electrochemical assay for vitamin K1 and standardized
      techniques for breast-milk collection, we studied the vitamin K1 content of human
      milk during the first 5 wk of lactation with respect to 1) individual and
      interindividual differences, 2) the relationship of vitamin K1 to other lipids,
      and 3) the influence of oral supplements of vitamin K1 on breast milk
      concentrations. Comparison of fore and hind milk from the mothers revealed higher
      vitamin K1 concentrations in hindmilks, suggesting that the lipid content
      influences the vitamin K1 concentration in maternal milk. Samples of maternal
      milk from nine mothers collected from day 1 to day 36 of lactation showed
      significantly higher vitamin K1 concentrations in colostral milk than in mature
      milk. For colostral milk there was a significant correlation of vitamin K1 to
      cholesterol (r = 0.62) but not to total lipid or phospholipid suggesting a role
      for cholesterol in the secretion of vitamin K1 into colostral milk. For mature
      milk correlation coefficients of vitamin K1 with all lipids were low (r = 0.29
      0.37) suggesting that at later stages of lactation dietary fluctuations of
      vitamin K1 may be a more important determinant of the vitamin K1 content of
      breast milk than the lipid composition. To test the influence of diet, mothers
      were given oral supplements of vitamin K1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3684379
TI  - Effect of variations in dietary calcium on renal and intestinal calcium-binding
      proteins.
AB  - This study was designed to determine if protein-induced calciuria was related to
      alterations in the intestinal and renal calcium-binding proteins (CaBP). Weanling
      Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing low, normal, or high Ca and protein
      diets for 2 wk. Twenty-four-h urine and fecal samples were collected before the
      termination of the study. Plasma, kidney, duodenum, ileum, and femur samples were
      obtained for selected mineral and CaBP analyses. Growth was significantly
      depressed on the low protein diets and this was independent of Ca levels.
      Hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, and increased renal CaBP were associated with the
      high Ca intakes but not with the high protein diets. It is suggested that in
      conditions where Ca intakes are high, the renal CaBP has a role in Ca excretion
      and responds to changes in Ca concentrations occurring in the distal tubule. No
      loss of femur Ca was seen in rats on the high protein diets.

PMID- 3684380
TI  - How a patent ductus arteriosus effects the premature lamb's ability to handle
      additional volume loads.
AB  - A model of patent ductus arteriosus in premature lambs was created to examine the
      lamb's ability to handle the volume load imposed by a patent ductus arteriosus
      and to determine the lamb's ability to handle any additional volume load. Fifteen
      preterm lambs [133 +/- 2 (+/- SD) days gestation, term 145 days], whose ductal
      diameter could be regulated with a mechanical occluder, were studied to determine
      the independent effects of ductus patency and a saline volume load (50 ml/kg over
      3 min) on left ventricular output and its distribution. During a saline infusion,
      preterm lambs with a closed ductus could only increase their stroke volume by 40%
      above baseline stroke volume. When challenged with a saline infusion, lambs with
      an open ductus still were able to increase their stroke volume significantly; the
      maximal increase in stroke volume during the saline load with the ductus open was
      70% above baseline stroke volume. We hypothesize that the associated reduced left
      ventricular afterload plays a significant role in the preterm lamb's ability to
      increase its stroke volume when challenged with a patent ductus arteriosus. Even
      with a patent ductus arteriosus, the lamb still has the ability to handle
      additional volume loads.

PMID- 3684381
TI  - Biochemical properties of tracheobronchial mucins from cystic fibrosis and non
      cystic fibrosis individuals.
AB  - Tracheobronchial mucins from healthy individuals and from patients with bronchial
      asthma or cystic fibrosis (CF) were isolated from lung mucus, purified, and their
      chemical and physical properties compared. Normal and asthmatic mucins required
      both a dissociating and a reducing agent for solubilization and exhibited
      identical chromatographic behavior on Sepharose 4B, Sepharose 2B, and
      hydroxylapatite and similar amino acid and carbohydrate compositions. In
      contrast, 1) CF lung mucins were solubilized in the absence of dissociating
      and/or reducing agents and 2) the majority of the CF mucins analyzed was eluted
      in the included volume of Sepharose 4B with Kd values of 0.3 +/- 0.1 rather than
      in the void volume and thus appeared smaller than normal and asthmatic mucins.
      The lower molecular weight mucins in CF sputum apparently are produced by
      bacterial or inflammatory cell proteinases since radiolabelled asthmatic mucin
      was digested to smaller fragments when incubated with crude CF lung mucosal
      samples. Furthermore, mucins secreted by tracheal explants from CF and from non
      CF individuals eluted in the void volume on Sepharose 4B, suggesting that CF
      tracheobronchial mucins were not inherently smaller than non-CF mucins.

PMID- 3684382
TI  - Lactate metabolism of isolated, perfused fetal, and newborn pig hearts.
AB  - The role of lactate as an energy substrate in fetal (0.9 gestation) and newborn
      (2 day old) hearts was investigated in isolated, perfused hearts. Perfusions were
      performed with Krebs-Henseleit buffer supplemented with glucose (5 mM) in
      combination with varying concentrations of lactate. Isolated working heart
      perfusions, in which the heart ejects the buffer at controlled pressure, were
      carried out with glucose (5 mM) alone and with glucose (5 mM) and lactate (5 mM)
      combined. With glucose as sole substrate, lactate was produced by the heart and
      glucose uptake accounted for approximately two-thirds of oxygen consumption. When
      both glucose and lactate were provided, lactate accounted for more than 80% of
      oxygen consumption and profoundly suppressed glucose uptake. Further
      investigations using retrograde perfusion through the aorta demonstrated that
      lactate uptake was consistently observed when exogenous lactate concentrations
      exceeded 1.25 mM. Glucose uptake was suppressed with lactate concentrations as
      low as 0.5 mM and progressive suppression occurred with increasing lactate
      concentrations. Fetal and newborn pig hearts utilize lactate as a primary
      substrate for energy production when lactate concentrations are in the
      physiological range.

PMID- 3684383
TI  - Effects of birth-related events on central blood flow patterns.
AB  - We determined the effects of three components of the birth process on central
      blood flow patterns in fetal sheep. We instrumented 16 fetal sheep at 133.0 +/-
      1.2 days gestation, inserting various intravascular catheters, intubating the
      trachea, and placing an inflatable balloon around the umbilical cord. After 2-3
      days, we determined central blood flow patterns using radionuclide-labeled
      microspheres under control conditions, during positive pressure ventilation
      without oxygenation, during ventilation with 100% O2, and after umbilical cord
      occlusion. The foramen ovale right to left shunt was essentially abolished,
      decreasing from 102 +/- 48 to 66 +/- 40 ml/min/kg with ventilation, and to only
      13 +/- 10 ml/min/kg with oxygenation. The ductus arteriosus right to left shunt
      decreased progressively, from a control level of 224 +/- 64 to 6 +/- 10 ml/min/kg
      after umbilical cord occlusion. A ductus arteriosus left to right shunt appeared
      with oxygenation (41 +/- 26 ml/min/kg) and increased to 65 +/- 43 ml/min/kg after
      cord occlusion. Left ventricular output increased progressively as a percentage
      of combined ventricular output (from a control value of 34.8 to 59.5% after cord
      occlusion), and increased absolutely with ventilation (from 134 +/- 44 to 211 +/-
      87 ml/min/kg). However, right ventricular output decreased (from a control value
      of 258 +/- 75 to 144 +/- 36 ml/min/kg after cord occlusion) so that combined
      ventricular output did not change. Although the transition from the fetal to
      neonatal circulatory pattern was accomplished by simulating these three
      components of the birth process, none is alone responsible for the large increase
      in combined ventricular output normally seen at birth.

PMID- 3684384
TI  - In vivo constriction of the ductus arteriosus by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory
      drugs in near-term and preterm fetal rats.
AB  - Herein we report age differences of in vivo constriction of the fetal ductus
      arteriosus by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in near-term and preterm rats.
      Two potent nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, indomethacin and flurbiprofen,
      were studied in preterm (19th and 20th day) and near-term (21st day) rats, whose
      gestational period was 21.5 days. The time course of fetal ductus constriction
      was studied on the 20th (preterm fetus) and the 21st (near-term fetus) days of
      gestation with indomethacin (1 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg) and flurbiprofen (10 mg/kg). In
      addition, 5 mg/kg of indomethacin was used on the 21st day. Maximal ductal
      constriction was noticed 8 h after administration. Constriction of the ductus was
      significantly weaker on the 20th day than on the 21st day in all three studies
      including indomethacin 1 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, and flurbiprofen, 10 mg/kg. Dose
      response curves were studied at 4 h following administration of indomethacin on
      the 19th, 20th, and 21st days, and flurbiprofen on the 20th and 21st days. With
      both drugs, the ductus constricted more vigorously on the 21st day than on the
      20th or 19th day. These studies showed a weaker constrictive response of the
      ductus to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in the preterm fetus than in the
      near-term fetus. Twenty-four h after administration of indomethacin on the 20th
      day, the fetal ductus was dilated, although its plasma indomethacin concentration
      was high and comparable with that obtained 4 h after administration. These
      results show that the response of the fetal ductus to indomethacin decreased
      further at 24 h after administration to preterm rats.

PMID- 3684385
TI  - In situ morphology of the heart and great vessels in fetal and newborn rats.
AB  - Morphology of the cardiac chambers and great vessels of fetal and neonatal rats
      was studied using the whole body freezing technique and by sectioning through the
      short axis of the heart with a freezing microtome. Compared to the fetal heart,
      the neonatal heart showed rapid change 2 to 8 days after birth. The ventricular
      sinus septum was straight in the fetus and became concave to the left ventricle
      after birth. The right ventricular wall was as thick as the left in the fetus and
      became thinner rapidly after birth. At the same time, the right ventricular
      cavity dilated. The right and left pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins were
      small in the fetus and enlarged soon after birth. At the same time, the foramen
      ovale was closed and the diameters of the inferior vena cava and descending aorta
      were diminished. One-half-mm thick sections were cut serially and then
      photographed. Ventricular volumes and masses were calculated from summation of
      the areas of each chambers. Left ventricular mass per body weight increased
      rapidly after birth, whereas right ventricular mass per body weight remained
      constant from 0 to 8 days after birth.

PMID- 3684386
TI  - Lung function in newborn infants with tachypnea of unknown cause.
AB  - Twenty-one infants with tachypnea (f greater than 60/min) lasting more than 2 h
      and diagnosed as mild respiratory disease or pulmonary maladaptation according to
      previously presented criteria were studied during the course of the disease and
      after clinical recovery. Lung physiology (total and alveolar ventilation,
      efficiency and distribution of ventilation, functional residual capacity, and
      lung mechanics) was studied in combination with clinical data. The
      pathophysiological findings were characterized by increased total ventilation but
      normal alveolar ventilation, reduced efficiency of ventilation but more even
      distribution of ventilation (nitrogen elimination pattern) during disease than
      after clinical recovery, hyperinflation, reduced dynamic lung compliance but
      unaffected specific lung conductance. Infants with low gestational ages were most
      severely affected and had longer duration of disease than full-term infants. Our
      findings suggest that this condition is caused by small airway disease.
      Disturbances in normal pulmonary adaptation with abnormal retention of lung fluid
      is the most probable cause.

PMID- 3684387
TI  - Uterine metabolism of the conscious gilt during late pregnancy.
AB  - The present study provides some metabolic features of the gravid uterus in the
      nonanesthetized gilt during the last fourth portion of pregnancy. Substrate and
      oxygen arteriovenous differences across the uterus were determined in eight gilts
      with chronically implanted arterial and uterine venous catheters. Glucose
      represents the main substrate taken up by the conceptus and glucose extraction
      amounts to 8.3 +/- 0.5%. By contrast, there is a constant release of lactate from
      the pregnant uterus. The coefficient of extraction of oxygen is 20.2 +/- 1.9%.
      Glucose plus lactate/oxygen quotient is high (1.3 +/- 0.2), suggesting that
      glucose alone is sufficient to account for the oxidative metabolism of the pig
      uterus. Nonesterified fatty acid and ketone body are not significantly extracted
      by the pig uterus whereas a significant amino acid extraction occurs in late
      pregnancy. Uterine uptake of amino acids depends on maternal arterial
      concentrations and a great part (78%) of this uterine uptake is represented by
      neutral amino acids and especially glutamine.

PMID- 3684388
TI  - Comparison of the catabolism of branched-chain L-amino acids in cultured human
      skin fibroblasts.
AB  - Using 1-14C-labeled substrates, the metabolism of naturally occurring branched
      chain L-amino acids was studied in incubations with cultured human skin
      fibroblasts derived from normal subjects and from a patient with maple syrup
      urine disease (variant form). Practically saturating conditions were reached at 1
      mmol/liter of substrate and metabolic rates remained essentially constant up to
      120 min. In control fibroblasts, the transamination of 14C-labeled leucine,
      valine, isoleucine, and allo-isoleucine (1 mmol/liter) was about 26, 13, 12, and
      5 nmol/90 min/mg of cell protein, respectively. The portion of transamination
      products undergoing oxidative decarboxylation within the cells was about 17, 43,
      34, and 23%, respectively. With the maple syrup urine disease cell line,
      comparable transamination rates were found. As compared to the findings with
      normal cells, however, 14CO2 production from the above mentioned substrates was
      reduced and amounted to 14, 11, 25, and 45%, respectively. Thus it appeared that
      residual branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase activity was differently reduced
      towards the four 2-oxo acid substrates.

PMID- 3684389
TI  - Acute hemorrhagic hypotension and its effect on the pulmonary clearance of helium
      instilled into the rabbit colon.
AB  - The study investigates the effect of acute and incremental posthemorrhagic
      hypotension on pulmonary clearance of helium (CHe) introduced into the colon.
      Eighteen New Zealand White rabbits were cannulated and connected to a respirator
      at constant minute ventilation. A helium mass spectrometer was used to monitor
      airway gas. After 30 min stabilization, 10 ml/kg of helium were injected rectally
      while CHe and mean aortic blood pressure (BPm) were continuously monitored.
      Control animals (group 1, n = 5) achieved constant CHe (0.8-3.0
      microliter/kg/min) by 20 min, with CHe and BPm continuing unchanged over a 90-min
      period. Group 2 animals (n = 5) underwent acute blood loss of 12 ml/kg with
      reinfusion after 30 min. Group 3 animals (n = 8) underwent incremental blood loss
      of 4 ml/kg up to a maximum of 28 ml/kg without reinfusion. Two animals in group 3
      had electromagnetic flow probes placed around their distal abdominal aortae. At
      12 ml/kg blood loss, group 2 and 3 animals experienced falls in BPm of 46 and 58%
      along with simultaneous falls in CHe of 33 and 53%, respectively. These changes
      were statistically significant (p less than 0.05). Reinfusion (group 2) caused
      initial parallel increases in CHe and BPm. However, CHe remained elevated as BPm
      returned to baseline, a finding consistent with colonic reperfusion hyperemia. At
      blood loss of more then 12 ml/kg (group 3), BPm and electromagnetic flow
      stabilized while CHe continued to decrease. Under these conditions CHe appeared
      to reflect shunting of intestinal blood flow away from the mesenteric
      bed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3684390
TI  - Cysteine and glutathione levels in developing rat kidney and liver.
AB  - Intracellular levels of cysteine (CSH) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in the
      kidney and liver of rats from the newborn to the adult period have been
      determined using a sensitive high performance liquid chromatography method. In
      the kidney, the intracellular level of free CSH increased 4-fold from 1 to 4
      nmol/mg protein with GSH levels which ranged from 20 to 25 nmol/mg protein from
      the 10th to 21st postnatal day, respectively. In contrast, intracellular free
      hepatic CSH showed a biphasic pattern with development. Intracellular free
      hepatic GSH, on the other hand, increased 2-fold over the 3- to 21-day postnatal
      period. In adult tissues, intracellular levels of free CSH and GSH decreased as
      compared with levels in 21-day postnatal animals. When ratios of CSH to GSH were
      compared between tissues from the 3-day-old postnatal and adult rat, CSH:GSH
      increased approximately 4-fold in the kidney and decreased 2- to 3-fold in the
      liver.

PMID- 3684391
TI  - Annual summary of vital statistics--1986.
AB  - Data from this article, as in previous reports, are drawn principally from
      Monthly Vital Statistics Report, published by the National Center for Health
      Statistics (NCHS). The international data come from the Demographic Yearbook and
      the quarterly Population and Vital Statistics Report, both published by the
      Statistical Office of the United Nations, which has also been kind enough to
      provide directly more recent data. Except for mortality data by cause and age,
      which are based on a 10% sample, all the US data for 1986 are estimates by place
      of occurrence, based upon a count of certificates received in state offices
      between two dates, 1 month apart, regardless of when the event occurred.
      Experience has shown that for the country as a whole the estimates, with few
      exceptions, are close to the subsequent final figures. There are considerable
      variations in some states, however, particularly in comparing provisional figures
      by place of occurrence and final data by place of residence. State information
      should be interpreted cautiously. Careful attention should be paid to the
      denominator when studying rates presented in this article. For overall rates,
      like the birth rate or death rate, the standard denominator is 1,000 total
      population. In instances where more refined analysis is possible, the denominator
      may be 100,000 and the character of the population specified. The particular
      denominator is indicated in the table or in the context.

PMID- 3684392
TI  - Coronary artery involvement in Kawasaki syndrome in Manhattan, New York: risk
      factors and role of aspirin.
AB  - Since January 1980, 110 children having 113 attacks of Kawasaki syndrome were
      studied. Age at onset was 7 weeks to 12 years (mean 3 6/12 years, median 2 9/12
      years); 77% were younger than 5 years of age; the male to female ratio was 1.8;
      racial distribution was 52% white, 19% black, 14% Hispanic, and 16% Asian.
      Protocol of management consisted of high-dose aspirin (100 mg/kg/d) until
      afebrile, and then 81 mg every day until free of coronary aneurysm. Two
      dimensional echocardiograms were done weekly during the acute stage, at 2 and 6
      months after onset, and yearly if a coronary abnormality was detected. At 1
      month, 51 coronary arterial abnormalities were present in 25 patients. Risk
      factors for a coronary abnormality were duration of fever greater than or equal
      to 2 weeks, level of platelet count, marked elevation of ESR, and age younger
      than 5 years. No statistically significant difference in incidence of aneurysms
      was detected between patients on high-dose aspirin and those on medium-or low
      dose aspirin.

PMID- 3684393
TI  - Cocaine intoxication in a breast-fed infant.
AB  - A case report of a 2-week-old infant girl who ingested cocaine via her mother's
      breast milk is presented. Because of the increasing prevalence of cocaine use,
      physicians should educate breast-feeding women concerning the hazards of cocaine
      use and its potential effects on the developing infant.

PMID- 3684394
TI  - Sleep disturbance in preschool-aged hyperactive and nonhyperactive children.
AB  - In spite of inadequate laboratory demonstrations of sleep problems in children
      with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity, the belief persists that such
      problems exist. Sleep restlessness is, in fact, one of the criteria in the
      Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, ed 3, definition of
      attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity, and sleep problems are listed on
      two major checklists often used for describing the symptoms of this disorder. In
      a series of three studies, sleep problems were investigated in preschool-aged
      children with attention deficit disorder relative to control children without the
      disorder. Results of the first two studies demonstrated clearly that parents of
      hyperactive children considered their children to have many more sleep problems
      than did parents of the control children. Parental daily documentation, which is
      less likely to be affected by reporting bias, was used in the third study.
      Although the results of the third study supported the finding of increased
      frequency of night wakings in these children, there was no difference in total
      sleep time or sleep onset latency between the two groups. Two other significant
      group differences (enuresis and night sweats) were primarily due to subgroups of
      children with attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity. The greater number of
      sleep wakings, which disrupt parents' sleep, may be responsible for the clinical
      reports that these children are poor sleepers.

PMID- 3684395
TI  - Commercial discharge packs and breast-feeding counseling: effects on infant
      feeding practices in a randomized trial.
AB  - A randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate two interventions for
      prolonging the duration of breast-feeding in a multiethnic sample of 343 low
      income urban women. One intervention compared research breast-feeding bedside
      counseling by a trained counselor, who also made eight telephone calls during the
      first 3 months of the infant's life, with the routine breast-feeding counseling
      provided in the hospital by nurses. The other intervention compared commercial
      discharge packs provided by formula companies with research discharge packs
      designed to be consistent with the WHO Code of Marketing of Breastmilk
      Substitutes. When infants were 4 months old, a telephone interviewer unaware of
      treatment status contacted 95% (324/343) of the women to determine the infants'
      feeding and health histories. Compared with routine counseling, research
      counseling delayed the first introduction of solid foods to the infant's diet (P
      = .03, one-tailed) but did not exert a statistically significant effect on breast
      feeding by 4 months' postpartum. Women who received the research discharge pack,
      compared with those who received the commercial pack, were more likely to prolong
      exclusive breast-feeding (P = .004, one-tailed), to be partially breast-feeding
      at 4 months postpartum (P = .04, one-tailed), and to delay the daily use of solid
      foods in the infant's diet (P = .017, one-tailed). Among the women who received
      research counseling, the research discharge pack was associated with lower rates
      of rehospitalization of infants than was the commercial pack (1% v 14%; P = .014,
      two-tailed). We conclude that in high-risk maternity populations, commercial
      discharge materials for breast-feeding women should be replaced by materials
      consistent with the WHO Code.

PMID- 3684396
TI  - Long-stay pediatric intensive care unit patients: outcome and resource
      utilization.
AB  - Outcome, resource utilization, and health care characteristics of patients
      staying in a multidisciplinary pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) for more than
      13 days (long-stay patients) were analyzed. Of 647 children admitted
      consecutively, 46 were long-stay patients. Compared with short-stay patients,
      long-stay patients were significantly younger and sicker and had a higher
      incidence of chronic disease. Most important, long-stay patients had
      significantly higher PICU mortality rates (17.4% v 7.3%, P less than .05) and
      hospital mortality rates (23.9% v 8.7%, P less than .01) than short-stay PICU
      patients. Although only 7.1% of the patient sample, long-stay patients consumed
      approximately 50% of all PICU resources. One-year follow-up on those long-stay
      patients surviving their hospitalization revealed that 58% had died or were
      severely disabled. Long-stay patients had relatively poor prognoses and consumed
      health care resources in excess of their numeric proportions.

PMID- 3684397
TI  - Growth of immigrant children in the newcomer schools of San Francisco.
AB  - A semilongitudinal study on growth and development was initiated on immigrant and
      refugee school-aged children in San Francisco. Anthropometric values (height,
      weight, arm circumference, and triceps and subscapular skinfolds) were collected
      soon after their arrival in the United States and repeated at 3-month intervals
      for 1 year. Data were analyzed by age-gender cohorts. z Score calculations for
      measures of height-for-age, weight-for-age, and weight-for-height demonstrated a
      significant overall deficiency in height-for-age and weight-for-age at the time
      of the first measurement. Comparisons with a US standard indicated that most of
      the children were between the fifth and 25th percentiles in these measures. There
      were fewer children who were significantly deficient in weight-for-height.
      Calculations for median growth rate indicated that most cohorts exhibited a
      median growth velocity that was close to or exceeded the median for US white
      children. There was also significant improvement in weight-for-age. The results
      indicated that these immigrant and refugee children accelerated their growth
      markedly in an optimum nutritional environment and were in a period of catch-up
      growth.

PMID- 3684398
TI  - Postneonatal mortality among normal birth weight infants in Alabama, 1980 to
      1983.
AB  - To identify reasons for the racial differential in postneonatal deaths and
      possible intervention strategies, Alabama's linked birth-death file was used to
      evaluate causes of postneonatal mortality for the 1980 to 1983 cohorts of normal
      birth weight infants. Causes were aggregated into six categories, and cause
      specific rates were compared by race and by urban-rural residence. Both total and
      cause-specific postneonatal mortality rates among black infants were two or more
      times higher than for white infants, except for congenital anomalies. The
      greatest differential was for infection-related deaths. Rural residence increased
      both the risk of postneonatal death and the magnitude of the racial differential.
      The risks were especially elevated for deaths due to infection and "systemic
      causes" (including those in the perinatal category). Only 26% of postneonatal
      deaths were probably not preventable, and nearly one third were clearly
      preventable. Potential prevention strategies include injury control, prevention
      of infectious diseases, and prompt treatment of infectious diseases.

PMID- 3684399
TI  - Ceftriaxone effect on bilirubin-albumin binding.
AB  - The effect of ceftriaxone on bilirubin-albumin binding was measured in vitro
      using the peroxidase method with human serum albumin and a dialysis rate method
      with adult and newborn serum. Ceftriaxone competes with bilirubin for binding to
      human serum albumin; the displacement constant is 1.5 X 10(4) L/mol. Therapeutic
      levels of ceftriaxone decrease the reserve albumin concentration in newborn serum
      by 39%. These results indicate that ceftriaxone may increase the risk of
      bilirubin encephalopathy in jaundiced premature infants.

PMID- 3684400
TI  - Enzymatic defect in a child with hereditary hepatic porphyria due to homozygous
      delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase deficiency: immunochemical studies.
AB  - Immunochemical studies of the enzyme defect in the first reported child with
      acute hepatic porphyria due to homozygous delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase
      deficiency are described. This enzyme activity was markedly decreased
      (approximately 2% of the normal control level) in the proband, a 3-year-old boy,
      and intermediately decreased (23% to 57%) in both parents, in both grandfathers,
      and in a sister, but it was normal in two siblings and in both grandmothers. In
      contrast to the profound decrease in delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase
      activity, the immunoreactive enzyme protein in the child's erythrocytes was
      decreased to only 28% of the normal control level, suggesting the presence of
      positive cross-reactive material. In other family members with abnormally
      decreased delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity, and in the proband
      immediately after transfusion of normal RBCs, the positive cross-reactive
      material was not detectable. The immunochemical and enzyme activity data support
      the idea that delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase deficiency in this porphyric
      child is associated with the production of a catalytically abnormal enzyme
      protein.

PMID- 3684401
TI  - Sociocultural perspective on child occupant protection.
AB  - During the past decade substantial effort has been devoted to increasing the use
      of child safety restraints. This has involved educational programs and, more
      recently, legislation mandating restraint use by children. Neither of these
      approaches has had major documented effects on proper restraint use. Misuse is
      currently high and use decreases dramatically among toddlers and older children.
      It is maintained that the complexity of the problems of nonuse and misuse has not
      been fully recognized. A more comprehensive perspective on the issue is
      presented, focusing on the social and cultural issues involved in attempting to
      change parental behavior regarding their children's use of restraints. A
      structured approach to programs for the promotion of safety restraint use
      suggested by this perspective is presented, highlighting actions that are already
      being taken and those that need to be taken to develop a comprehensive attack on
      both nonuse and misuse of safety restraints.

PMID- 3684402
TI  - Monitoring theophylline therapy using citric acid-stimulated saliva in infants
      and children with asthma.
AB  - Saliva stimulation is required for measurement of drugs in saliva. Chewing on a
      piece of paraffin, which is the method usually used for saliva stimulation,
      requires cooperation of the patient and, thus, is inapplicable in infants and
      young children. To assess the value of determining theophylline concentrations
      from noninvasively obtained saliva in this age group, we studied the theophylline
      plasma to saliva concentration ratio in citric acid-stimulated saliva.
      Theophylline concentration was measured in 137 simultaneously obtained paired
      specimens of plasma and saliva from 68 patients 2 1/2 months to 14 years of age
      treated with theophylline for asthma (dosage 20.8 +/- 5.2 mg/kg/d, mean +/- SD).
      Saliva secretion was stimulated by placing citric acid crystals on the tongue. A
      strong and highly significant correlation was observed between both
      determinations (r = .96; P less than .01). The plasma to saliva ratio was 1.78 +/
      0.22 (mean +/- SD), with theophylline concentrations between 3.1 and 32.1
      micrograms/mL of plasma. The ratio of estimated to actual plasma theophylline
      concentrations was 1.02 +/- 0.12 (mean +/- SD). Interindividual coefficient of
      variation of plasma to saliva theophylline concentrations ratios was 12.4%; mean
      intraindividual coefficient of variation was 5.3%. The use of citric acid for
      saliva stimulation is easily applicable to infants and young children. Compared
      with blood drawing, stimulation of saliva secretion by citric acid is painless
      and noninvasive, is more readily accepted to patients, is at least as clinically
      relevant for theophylline determination, and allows frequent measurements of drug
      levels for individualization of the dosage with samples taken at home.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3684403
TI  - Naproxen-associated renal failure in a child with arthritis and inflammatory
      bowel disease.
AB  - Renal failure occurred in a 14-year-old girl with peripheral arthritis associated
      with inflammatory bowel disease while she was being treated with naproxen. She
      had previously received aspirin and tolmetin sodium and had no complications. A
      renal biopsy showed a severe tubulointerstitial nephritis. Although her renal
      function improved somewhat with corticosteroid treatment, it worsened when the
      steroids were discontinued. This case emphasizes that renal failure can develop
      insidiously in children on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy and that
      such children must be monitored closely for signs of nephrotoxicity.

PMID- 3684404
TI  - Phenobarbital treatment and major depressive disorder in children with epilepsy.
AB  - The prevalence and severity of psychopathology in 15 epileptic patients treated
      with phenobarbital and 24 patients treated with carbamazepine were compared. The
      groups were similar across a wide range of demographic, seizure-related, and
      family-environmental variables. Patients treated with phenobarbital, when
      compared with those treated with carbamazepine, showed a much higher prevalence
      of major depressive disorder (40% v 4%, P = .02), and suicidal ideation (47% v
      4%, P = .005) as determined by semistructured psychiatric interviews. The
      differential prevalence of depression between medication groups was only noted in
      those with a family history of a major affective disorder among first-degree
      relatives. Family discord and number of stressful life events were also
      associated with depression in this cohort. Patients treated with phenobarbital
      should be closely monitored for depression, and alternative treatments should
      probably be sought for patients with newly diagnoses epilepsy and a personal or
      family history of an affective disorder. The clinical and research implications
      of these findings are discussed.

PMID- 3684405
TI  - Treatment failure in celiac disease due to coexistent exocrine pancreatic
      insufficiency.
AB  - A 17-year-old white adolescent had a history of chronic diarrhea, delayed
      puberty, and growth failure. Investigations excluded cystic fibrosis, Shwachman
      syndrome, and endocrine causes of growth failure. Severe steatorrhea was
      diagnosed from fecal fat studies, and a jejunal suction biopsy showed total
      villus atrophy, consistent with a diagnosis of celiac disease. Following
      introduction of a gluten-free diet, his appetite and growth improved, but he
      continued to have abdominal discomfort and loose offensive bowel motions. One
      year later, severe steatorrhea was present. A repeat jejunal biopsy showed
      partial recovery of villus architecture. Serum immuno-reactive trypsinogen level
      was low, which was highly suggestive of exocrine pancreatic failure. Results of
      quantitative pancreatic stimulation test confirmed the presence of primary
      pancreatic insufficiency. After introduction of oral pancreatic enzyme
      supplements with meals, his gastrointestinal symptoms resolved and growth
      velocity accelerated. Previously, primary pancreatic insufficiency has only been
      described in elderly patients with long-standing untreated celiac disease. This
      case, however, emphasizes that pancreatic failure can occur with celiac disease
      at any age. Determination of a serum immunoreactive trypsinogen level should be
      considered a useful screening tool for pancreatic insufficiency in patients with
      celiac disease who have not responded to a gluten-free diet.

PMID- 3684406
TI  - Lipid composition of milk from mothers with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Milk lipids from six mothers with cystic fibrosis were compared with milk lipids
      from six mothers without cystic fibrosis. Mean neutral lipids (in g/dL) were
      colostrum, 2.4; transitional, 2.9; mature milk, 2.9, suggesting that milk fat
      content was sufficient to support energy needs of the infant. Lipid class
      composition was normal, 98% being present as triglyceride. Cholesterol and
      cholesteryl ester concentrations were similar in the milk of both groups of
      lactating women. Phospholipid class distribution of cystic fibrosis milk was
      different from that in control milk. Approximately 85% of the lipids were present
      in six major fatty acids from 12:0 to 18:2 in both groups, indicating that the
      profile of most of the lipid was similar. The linoleic acid content of cystic
      fibrosis milk was decreased significantly to 75% of normal values. Other
      polyunsaturated fatty acids were elevated in cystic fibrosis milk. Concentrations
      of 16:2, 18:3, and several longer chain polyunsaturated fatty acids were twice
      that in the milk of the control women, suggesting increased delta 6-desaturation.
      Elevated proportions of several other polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolites
      suggested increased chain elongation to C20 and C22 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
      These differences in fatty acid patterns in cystic fibrosis milk were similar to
      differences found in blood lipid patterns of children with cystic fibrosis. These
      results suggest abnormal polyunsaturated fatty acid nutrition or metabolism in
      cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 3684407
TI  - Acute renal failure in minimal change nephrotic syndrome.

PMID- 3684408
TI  - Heart block secondary to erythromycin-induced carbamazepine toxicity.

PMID- 3684409
TI  - Discontinuity: a dilemma for adolescents.

PMID- 3684410
TI  - American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Child Health Financing: Financing
      health care for the medically indigent child.

PMID- 3684411
TI  - Keep the 18-month health supervision visit.

PMID- 3684412
TI  - Blood pressure measurement.

PMID- 3684413
TI  - Care practices and bronchopulmonary dysplasia debate.

PMID- 3684414
TI  - Cicada-related injuries.

PMID- 3684415
TI  - Adolescent varicocele.

PMID- 3684416
TI  - Teach pediatrics in private offices.

PMID- 3684417
TI  - Hypoxemia and retinopathy of prematurity.

PMID- 3684418
TI  - Transcutaneous oxygen monitoring and retinopathy of prematurity.

PMID- 3684419
TI  - [Effect of ATP on the status of blood circulation in newborn infants of mothers
      with nephropathy in pregnancy].

PMID- 3684420
TI  - [Disorders of hemostasis in premature infants with septicemia].

PMID- 3684421
TI  - [Clinical and biochemical changes in the liver in acute intestinal diseases of
      staphylococcal and mixed-staphylococcal etiologies in young children].

PMID- 3684422
TI  - [Glycoside therapy of cardiac insufficiency in different variants of hemodynamic
      disorders in children].

PMID- 3684423
TI  - [Cytochemical indicators of lymphocytes after inhalation of riboflavin-nucleotide
      and calcium pantothenate in children with bronchial asthma].

PMID- 3684424
TI  - [Clonogenic precursors of fibroblasts of conventionally normal bone marrow in
      children].

PMID- 3684425
TI  - [Granulocytopoiesis in children with lymphogranulomatosis].

PMID- 3684426
TI  - [Functional status of granulocytopoiesis in children with hemolytic anemia].

PMID- 3684427
TI  - [Problem of hemorrhagic disease of the newborn].

PMID- 3684428
TI  - [Changes in the proteolytic and immune systems of the body in children with
      various forms of hemorrhagic vasculitis].

PMID- 3684429
TI  - [Achievements of pediatrics in the Ukrainian S.S.R. and new objectives with
      regard to its further development].

PMID- 3684430
TI  - [Indicators of the correlation between neutrophil intracellular defense factors
      in children in ontogenesis].

PMID- 3684431
TI  - [General and local immunologic correction of secondary neutrophil
      granulocytopathies in suppurative-septic diseases in children].

PMID- 3684432
TI  - [Interferon reaction of leukocytes and indicators of the phagocytosis system in
      predicting the development and outcome of septic shock in infants].

PMID- 3684433
TI  - [Changes in capillary wall permeability and their correction in children with
      suppurative septic diseases].

PMID- 3684434
TI  - [Predicting the degree of adaptation of young children to new microsocial
      conditions].

PMID- 3684435
TI  - [Clinical polymorphism of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: the
      Seattle variant].

PMID- 3684436
TI  - [Smouldering myeloblastic leukemia in children].

PMID- 3684437
TI  - [Characteristics of the clinical course, diagnosis and treatment of influenza
      meningitis].

PMID- 3684438
TI  - [Therapeutic tactics in bacterial shock in newborn infants].

PMID- 3684439
TI  - [Blood transfusion therapy in toxemia and hypovolemia in children with various
      bacterial infections].

PMID- 3684440
TI  - [Experience with the organization of a neonatological hospital].

PMID- 3684441
TI  - [Experience with the organization of a day-time hospital department for the
      treatment of children with chronic diseases in the municipal pediatric hospital
      in Norilsk].

PMID- 3684442
TI  - [Problem of the rational approach to the treatment of hymenolepiasis].

PMID- 3684443
TI  - [A case of hypereosinophilic syndrome].

PMID- 3684444
TI  - [Successful treatment of a child with acetic essence poisoning].

PMID- 3684445
TI  - Mucosal blood flow changes in the human stomach measured by the 99mTc-4
      methylaminophenazone clearance technique.
AB  - The effect of gastric secretory inhibitors, vasoactive agents and
      gastrointestinal peptide hormones were investigated on gastric mucosal blood flow
      (MBF) and HCl secretion in 197 subjects. Changes in MBF were estimated by a new
      clearance substance, 99mTc-4-methyl-aminophenazone originally described by the
      authors. The procedure seemed to be suitable for characterizing changes in MBF
      without any toxic side effect or considerable radioactive loading of the patient
      or its surroundings. The studies were performed after a secretory steady state
      had been achieved by continuous pentagastrin infusion. Some experiments were done
      in the fasting stomach instilled with 0.160 N HCl. Secretory inhibition following
      atropine, pirenzepine, ranitidine and somatostatin was a primary effect of these
      substances, the observed MBF decrease being a secondary one. In contrast,
      vasopressin caused a fall in mucosal blood supply through vasoconstriction, the
      concomitant secretory inhibition being a secondary phenomenon. Certain doses of
      dopamine and terbutaline increased MBF without influencing HCl secretion.
      Glucagon in the dose used did not influence either mucosal blood flow or acid
      secretion. Synthetic secretin in the fasting stomach increased MBF without
      affecting HCl production; during pentagastrin stimulation it inhibited acid
      production while MBF remained unchanged. Cholecystokinin-octapeptide proved to be
      a direct vasodilating agent with a slight acid output increasing effect.
      Divergent effects of some drugs on mucosal blood flow and HCl production may be
      important in the pathology of hypoxic ulcerative damage and in the reparative
      processes of gastric ulceration. The 99mTc-4-methyl-aminophenazone clearance
      technique proved to be a reliable method for screening of drugs possessing
      vasoactive or secretion influencing properties.

PMID- 3684446
TI  - Effect of colchicine on the activity of cathepsin B and D in human liver
      cirrhosis.
AB  - The activity of cathepsin B and D in human liver biopsy specimens from cirrhotic
      patients before and after one year of colchicine treatment was studied. The
      hydroxyproline content as a marker of the amount of collagen in tissue specimens
      was also determined. The hydroxyproline content in the liver samples was two or
      threefold that of the control group. After colchicine it remained unchanged or in
      some patients its values were decreased. Cathepsin B activity was higher in
      cirrhotic liver samples as compared with the controls, whereas the increased
      activity of cathepsin D was not significant. The ratio of cathepsin B and D
      activity to hepatic hydroxyproline content was significantly reduced in cirrhotic
      livers. Colchicine treatment was followed by an increase in the levels of the
      enzymes investigated as well as by a significant rise in the ratio of cathepsin B
      and D activity to hepatic hydroxyproline content.

PMID- 3684447
TI  - Cerebral blood flow autoregulation during orthostatic manoeuvre in patients with
      permanent cardiac pacemaker.
AB  - Orthostatic test with passive tilting of the upper body was performed in 28
      patients with VVI pacemaker. The changes in BP (Riva-Rocci method), CVR and CBF
      (impedance technique, REG II) as well as in EEG (automatic spectral analysis)
      observed after tilting, were compared to those in 20 age-matched controls. While
      in healthy subjects the autoregulation of the CBF was accomplished through a
      decrease in CVR and resulted in a moderate but significant increase in CBF, in
      patients the CVR did not change. This event was estimated as a sign of impaired
      autoregulation, the CBF remained unchanged most probably on account of the
      increased diastolic and mean BP. Alpha and beta power spectra in the EEG rose
      significantly after tilting, the shifts being more pronounced in the controls. In
      the patients there was an increase in theta activity. Cerebral angiopathy due to
      "subclinical" brain ischaemia during cardiac rhythm disorders preceding pacemaker
      implantation was accepted as a mechanism underlying the disturbed autoregulation
      of the cerebral blood flow. For the occurrence of alterations in orthostatic EEG
      reactivity, a dyscirculatory encephalopathy has been suspected.

PMID- 3684448
TI  - Granulocyte-rosette assay for detection of anti-lymphocyte antibodies.
AB  - It is well known that the serum of SLE patients contain anti-lymphocyte
      antibodies (ALA). In this paper we present a new rosette-forming assay for
      investigation of ALA. The method is based on the first step of antibody dependent
      cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC): the adherence of Fc-receptor bearing effector cells
      to the lymphocytes coated by antibodies. SLE serum samples were tested
      simultaneously by the new method (the rosette-test, RT) and the microcytotoxicity
      test (MCT) based on the complement mediated lysis. The results obtained by use of
      MCT and RT showed that the latter is suitable for investigation of ALA, indeed
      its diagnostic parameters are better than those of MCT. Moreover these results
      suggest that the two tests may differ in the antibody class detected. The new
      method is simple, time saving and demands no 51Cr-isotope as other ADCC tests do.

PMID- 3684449
TI  - Growth hormone reserve in diabetes mellitus.
AB  - The magnitude of hGH reserve was investigated in young (16-40 years old) diabetic
      patients. Forty patients were examined with the arginine infusion test, twenty
      three with a sensitized version of the L-Dopa test. The patients were divided
      into four groups based on the type of their illness (IDDM or NIDDY) and the
      clinical stage of IDDM. It was concluded that the hGH reserve of the various
      diabetic groups differs from the hGH reserve of healthy persons as well as from
      one another. Taking into consideration the possible causes of these differences,
      it is suggested that the hGH reserve depends primarily on the metabolic condition
      of the patients, while the type of diabetes (IDDM or NIDDY) and the insulin
      therapy used may also be important contributing factors. Achievement of a good
      metabolic control within the same type of diabetes leads to the normalization of
      the previously pathologic hGH reserve.

PMID- 3684450
TI  - Depth on a flat screen: II.

PMID- 3684451
TI  - Type A behavior as a function of reversed computer activity.
AB  - Four consecutive trials involving a computer activity were presented to 110
      students categorized as Type A+, A-, B+, or B- personalities. A fifth trial
      presented the same computer activity with controls in reversed position, and Type
      A groups had more difficulty than Type B groups.

PMID- 3684452
TI  - Skin temperature biofeedback for multiple sessions with monetary incentives.
AB  - This study evaluated the relative effectiveness of two incentive contingencies in
      learning biofeedback-assisted control of peripheral skin temperature: positive
      versus positive/negative monetary incentives. Both incentive groups of 10
      participated in six sessions, including pre- and posttraining voluntary control
      sessions, and four intervening sessions with visual feedback and monetary
      contingencies. Each session consisted of adaptation, resting baseline, feedback
      or voluntary control, and a final resting baseline. The results indicated no
      significant difference in response control between groups and an over-all decline
      in temperature within sessions. Self-control was evidenced by the slower rate of
      decline in temperature for the first as compared to the last session, and
      feedback control by the attenuation in the rate of decline in the last three
      training sessions. Based on data from other physiological responses, these
      findings are not likely due to habituation effects. It was concluded that
      response control should not necessarily be defined in terms of increasing
      temperature but rather by reference to an appropriate comparison condition.
      Motivational effects should be further investigated with alternative incentive
      contingencies.

PMID- 3684453
TI  - Effects of physical conditioning on information-processing efficiency.
AB  - This study investigated changes in information-processing efficiency that occur
      when physical fitness improves. Information-processing variables were Sternberg's
      memory-scan rate, Posner's name-access time, the Cattell Culture Fair
      Intelligence Test, and numbers of words remembered from word lists. At present
      and posttest 10 to 12 wk. later, 66 adults between the ages of 18 and 48 yr. took
      all cognitive tests and rode a bicycle ergometer to estimate physical fitness. A
      2 X 2 (improved/stable fitness groups by pretest/posttest trials) analysis of
      variance with repeated measures indicated that the group who improved 15% or more
      in physical fitness improved significantly more on the name-access time than the
      group whose fitness remained stable. There was a trend toward improvement in
      memory-scan rate and number of words remembered on the first word trial by people
      who became more fit. The results may have implications for assessment and
      training of personnel in occupations where speeded perception and responses are
      required.

PMID- 3684454
TI  - Psychometric validity of proration and Digit Span substitution for estimating
      WISC--R verbal and Full Scale IQs.
AB  - This study investigated the merits of substituting the Digit Span subtest for an
      invalid Verbal Scale subtest versus a proration method in calculating WISC--R
      Verbal and Full Scale IQ. Subjects were 93 child and adolescent psychiatric
      patients (67 boys and 26 girls) who ranged in age from 8 to 16 yr. Analysis
      indicated that the use of Digit Span as a substitute for the regularly
      administered Verbal subtests was inferior to the use of the comparable proration
      method. Although relatively few cases of misclassification occurred for either
      method in relation to Full Scale IQ, the rate of Verbal IQ misclassification by
      the Digit Span substitution method was significantly greater than with use of its
      proration. When faced with a choice, clinicians should attach greater validity to
      prorated estimates of a child's WISC--R Verbal IQ.

PMID- 3684455
TI  - Beta weights, unit weights, and other weights.
AB  - A simple example of the use of different weights with just two predictors was
      presented. The replacement of the beta weights by unit weights resulted in a very
      slight loss of predictive validity, and even the arbitrary reversal of the beta
      weights resulted in a smaller loss than might have been expected. A relationship
      demonstrated by Green was used to help explain these results. In many situations,
      it appears worthwhile to follow the approach taken here to determine how great a
      loss of predictive validity would result from the use of unit weights in place of
      beta weights.

PMID- 3684456
TI  - Handedness and dementia.
AB  - Some researchers have speculated that left-hand dominance is more prevalent among
      patients suffering from dementia of the Alzheimer's type which began prior to age
      65 yr. and that, in those patients, the disease runs a more rapid course. In the
      present study, seven left-handed dementia patients were matched with seven right
      handed dementia patients on the basis of age and years of education and were
      compared with regard to neuropsychological compromise. While the left-handed
      group was somewhat more impaired than the right-handed subjects, the difference
      between the two groups was not statistically significant.

PMID- 3684457
TI  - Reaction times, using fine and gross motor movements of moderately and severely
      mentally handicapped adults to auditory and visual stimuli.
AB  - This experiment investigated the reaction times, when using fine and gross motor
      movements, of 24 moderately and severely mentally handicapped adults to light and
      sound stimuli. Unlike results of prior studies of normal and mildly mentally
      handicapped subjects, there were no significant differences among variables.

PMID- 3684458
TI  - Sex differences in perception of threat from the Chernobyl accident.

PMID- 3684459
TI  - Midline and off-midline tongue and right- and left-hand vibrotactile thresholds
      of stutterers and normal-speaking individuals.
AB  - Vibrotactile thresholds for 7 male stutterers and 7 normal-speaking men (age
      range for both groups = 19 to 32 yr.) were obtained from the right, midline, and
      left sides of the lingual dorsum, and the thenar eminences of both hands. The
      stutterers showed slightly higher (less sensitive) mean thresholds than the
      normal speakers for all three lingual test sites. This was not the case for the
      thresholds obtained from both hands. The preliminary data suggest that oral
      peripheral sensory integrity might be somewhat different for stutterers than for
      normal-speaking individuals.

PMID- 3684460
TI  - Effects of achievement motives on wrestling ability, oxygen uptake, speed of
      movement, muscular strength, and technical performance.
AB  - In this study was tested the prediction that approach-oriented wrestlers should
      perform better than indifferent- and avoidance-oriented ones. The 1970
      Achievement Motives Scale of Gjesme and Nygard was administered to 47 boys, and
      subjects' scores were sampled for four different wrestling championships on
      international and national level. Measured were oxygen uptake, speed of movement,
      muscular strength, and serial performance of five wrestling holds. Approach
      oriented wrestlers performed better than indifferent-oriented ones on 9 of 15
      tasks. Only in international competitive situations did the approach-oriented
      wrestlers perform better than the avoidance-oriented ones. Results are
      interpreted in terms of hypotheses about achievement motivation, and pedagogical
      implications are discussed.

PMID- 3684461
TI  - Questionnaire completion and response to the STAI A-State scale.

PMID- 3684462
TI  - Psychometric characteristics and dimensionality of a Persian version of Rosenberg
      Self-esteem Scale.
AB  - The Rosenberg Self-esteem scale was translated into Persian and 12 Iranian
      bilingual judges confirmed the soundness of translation. The psychometric
      properties of the Persian version of Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale were studied in
      two samples of Iranian college students separately. Sample I consisted of 232
      Iranian students in American universities, and Sample II comprised 305 Iranian
      students in Iranian universities. Criterion measures of loneliness, depression,
      anxiety, neuroticism, psychoticism, misanthropy, locus of control, tendency to
      dissimulate, and measures of relationship with parents, peers, and academic
      achievement were obtained. Item-total score correlations and alpha reliabilities
      supported the internal consistency of the scale. Test-retest reliabilities
      indicated the stability of the scores, and correlations between scores of the
      scale, and criterion measures supported the concurrent validity of the Rosenberg
      scale. Factor analysis of the Rosenberg scores confirmed the unidimensionality of
      the scale.

PMID- 3684463
TI  - Effects of spatial arrangement on 4- and 6-yr.-old children's memory.
AB  - This research is an investigation of the effects of different spatial
      arrangements of the same items on 4- and 6-yr.-old children's memory. The items
      were arranged in one of three ways, put in a random order, grouped into
      categories, or displayed in a configuration reproducing a real-world scene. Each
      subject was asked both to recall the items verbally and to remember their spatial
      locations. The results show that only 6-yr.-olds' memory for locations is
      enhanced by meaningful arrangements of objects in space. It is suggested that
      there is a developmental gap between memory for "raw" spatial relationships
      ("locational" cognitive mapping) and memory for spatial relationships which also
      takes into account the meaning of these relations ("relational" cognitive
      mapping). Furthermore, for 6-yr.-olds clustering of recall is categorically
      organized in all conditions. For 4-yr.-olds such clustering appears to reproduce
      the spatial arrangement of items in a scene, while recall is categorically
      organized in both categorical and random conditions.

PMID- 3684464
TI  - Influence of age, sex, hearing loss, and balance on kicking development by deaf
      children.

PMID- 3684465
TI  - Overt vs covert problem solving, transfer effects, and programming sequence: I:
      Inverted triangles.
AB  - 129 college students were individually requested to successively turn 2 of 3
      upright triangles upside-down. Triangle consists of 3 rows of coins: 1 on top, 2
      in the middle, and 3 at the bottom. Only 2 coins may be relocated. Triangle B has
      4 rows with 4 coins at the bottom. Only 3 coins may be moved. Triangle C is
      arranged in 5 rows with 5 coins at the bottom. Only 5 coins are allowed to change
      places. Analysis shows (a) Problem A is the easiest, B in between, and C the
      hardest. (b) Overt manipulation is more efficient than a covert method. (c)
      Transfer in all cases is positive, the amount increasing with difficulty of the
      preceding problem. (d) From easy to difficult problems is more economical than
      the opposite sequence as measured by the total time required to solve both
      problems. The advantage is a little greater under the overt than the covert
      condition.

PMID- 3684466
TI  - The Eating Attitudes Test: development of an adapted language form for children.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the comparability of scores generated
      by two forms of the Eating Attitudes Test, the original form for adults and an
      adapted language form for children. Analysis of data indicated that the adapted
      language form of the test can be used effectively.

PMID- 3684467
TI  - Aerodynamic control in apraxia at three intraoral pressure levels.
AB  - Five neurologically normal and five apractic subjects were required to develop
      and maintain target intraoral pressure levels during 5-sec. trials. The apractic
      subjects showed increased latencies in gaining the target and reduced maintenance
      time and increased variability in attempts to stay at target. Results suggest
      that physiologically based assessment tasks provide sensitive indices of the
      degree of oral apraxia in patients with left-hemisphere brain damage.

PMID- 3684468
TI  - Effect of unstressed affixes on stress-beat location in speech production and
      perception.
AB  - The present study examined the influence of unstressed prefixes and suffixes upon
      the location of stress-beats in the production and perception of stressed CVC
      syllables. Analysis indicates that the addition of an unstressed suffix produces
      a small stress-beat shift, while the addition of an unstressed prefix produces a
      much larger shift in the opposite direction.

PMID- 3684469
TI  - Sex and age differences on the Raven's matrices.
AB  - This study examined the effects of sex and age on scores on a matrices test among
      university and college students aged 17 to 51 yr. Sex differences in mean scores
      were nonsignificant. The general decline with age was linear and negative,
      significantly so for women (n = 132), not for men (n = 74). Significant
      decrements occurred from the age of 26 yr. upwards for women only. The findings
      suggest that loss of intellectual capacity on the Raven's Matrices can be
      attributed to age.

PMID- 3684470
TI  - Levels of state anxiety for males facing redundancy and subsequently reporting to
      be employed or unemployed.
AB  - State anxiety scores for male adults, facing redundancy, were elevated whilst
      subjects awaited dismissal. Six months later, anxiety levels fell most notably
      for the reemployed. Simple strategies, providing some amelioration for
      individuals during the stressful anticipation period, were rarely provided by
      employers.

PMID- 3684471
TI  - Neuropsychometric correlates of the Mini-Mental State Examination: preliminary
      data.
AB  - The present study investigated the neuropsychometric correlates of the Mini
      Mental State Examination. 12 consecutive neurological referrals were administered
      the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Wechsler Memory Scale, and the WAIS--R.
      Pearson product-moment correlations suggest moderate association between scores
      on the Mini-Mental State Examination and Wechsler Memory Scale but less robust
      relationships between scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination and WAIS--R
      Full Scale, Verbal, and Performance IQs.

PMID- 3684472
TI  - Test-retest reliability of the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale.
AB  - Test-retest reliabilities of the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale over 1
      and 5-wk. intervals were examined for two samples of students, 73 boys and 88
      girls in regular sixth, seventh and eighth grade classrooms (11 yr. to 14 yr.).
      For raw scores the test-retest Pearson r was .88 (1-wk.) and .77 (5-wk.),
      indicating good reliability. For both samples there was a small difference
      between test (12.2 for 1-wk. sample; 11.4 for 5-wk. sample) and retest (11.2 for
      1-wk. sample; 9.8 for 5-wk. sample) mean raw scores. Implications for test use
      are discussed.

PMID- 3684473
TI  - Interference processes in visual and olfactory stimulations.
AB  - The aim of this work was to verify whether two congruent inputs (simultaneous
      administration of one odor and the corresponding name) increase recall or, on the
      contrary, whether recall becomes worse when there is no coincidence between the
      two simultaneous stimuli (verbal and olfactory). The data show no significant
      difference among the experimental conditions. It seems then possible to conclude
      that a 'visual dominance' effect takes place vis-a-vis the olfactory mode.

PMID- 3684474
TI  - Psychophysical methods and life-span changes in visual illusions.
AB  - Research designed to establish the relationship between chronological age and
      visual distortion has produced reliable but contradictory findings. It is
      proposed that the contradictions cannot be resolved by better experimental
      techniques; that laws do not exist in nature independently of the observer, and
      that psychological scientists must include the observer and the measuring device
      as integral components of their enterprise.

PMID- 3684476
TI  - The public perception of science (5): Seeing science hands-on.

PMID- 3684475
TI  - Visual dominance in olfactory memory.
AB  - The object of the present study was to verify the emergence of a 'visual
      dominance' effect in memory tests involving different sensory modes (sight and
      smell), brought about the preattentive mechanisms which select the visual sensory
      mode regardless of the recall task.

PMID- 3684477
TI  - The representation of uniform motion in vision.
AB  - For veridical detection of object motion any moving detecting system must
      allocate motion appropriately between itself and objects in space. A model for
      such allocation is developed for simplified situations (points of light in
      uniform motion in a frontoparallel plane). It is proposed that motion of objects
      is registered and represented successively at four levels within frames of
      reference that are defined by the detectors themselves or by their movements. The
      four levels are referred to as retinocentric, orbitocentric, egocentric, and
      geocentric. Thus the retinocentric signal is combined with that for eye rotation
      to give an orbitocentric signal, and the left and right orbitocentric signals are
      combined to give an egocentric representation. Up to the egocentric level, motion
      representation is angular rather than three-dimensional. The egocentric signal is
      combined with signals for head and body movement and for egocentric distance to
      give a geocentric representation. It is argued that although motion perception is
      always geocentric, relevant registrations also occur at the three earlier levels.
      The model is applied to various veridical and nonveridical motion phenomena.

PMID- 3684478
TI  - The influence of auditory stimulation on a visual oblique effect.
AB  - It has previously been reported by Smets that there is an increase in the
      magnitude of the monocular oblique effect when a 70 dB(A), 1 kHz acoustic
      stimulus is presented contralaterally, but not ipsilaterally, to the viewing eye.
      This finding was interpreted as one which provided difficulties both for data
      driven models of information processing and for the cortical simple cell
      explanation of the oblique effect. There are several logical and methodological
      difficulties in Smets's paper, and in the two experiments reported here the
      effect found by Smets was not replicated. The failure to observe the effect was
      robust under conditions that maximised the possibility of neural interaction. It
      is concluded that acoustic stimulation does not affect the magnitude of the
      oblique effect.

PMID- 3684479
TI  - Relative effectiveness of three stimulus variables for locating a moving sound
      source.
AB  - A study is reported in which it is shown that observers can use at least three
      types of acoustic variables that indicate reliably when a moving sound source is
      passing: interaural temporal differences, the Doppler effect, and amplitude
      change. Each of these variables was presented in isolation and each was
      successful in indicating when a (stimulated) moving sound source passed an
      observer. These three variables were put into competition (with each indicating
      that closest passage occurred at a different time) in an effort to determine
      their relative importance. It was found that amplitude change dominated
      interaural temporal differences which, in turn, dominated the Doppler effect
      stimulus variable. The results are discussed in terms of two interpretations.
      First, it is possible that subjects based their judgements on the potential
      discriminability of each stimulus variable. However, because the stimuli used
      involved easily discriminable changes, subjects may instead have based their
      judgements on the independence of a stimulus variable from different
      environmental situation conditions. The dominance ordering obtained supports the
      second interpretation.

PMID- 3684480
TI  - Learning to see stereokinetic effects.
AB  - The Saturn illusion is a stereokinetic effect that occurs when a flat pattern
      composed of a full ellipse with two symmetrical semirings is rotated slowly in
      the frontoparallel plane. Subjects report seeing an egg-shaped object inserted
      into a circular ring, and the two objects move solidly into 3-D space as a single
      rigid body. Inexperienced observers show a conspicuous delay before reaching this
      percept. Two experiments are reported in which it is shown that this incubation
      time progressively decreases with repeated exposures to the stimulus pattern. A
      certain amount of time (14 s on average) is, however, required to obtain the
      effect, even after six successive exposures. It is argued that this time, which
      is independent of the speed of rotation and is not further reducible, is a fixed
      entity and is needed to compute the most rigid 3-D solution from deformations in
      the 2-D image. The results are discussed in relation to current theories of
      perception of structure from motion.

PMID- 3684481
TI  - Line correspondence in binocular vision.
AB  - The mathematical analysis of binocular vision introduced by Helmholtz is applied
      to the problem of the use of disparity information to position a stimulus in
      depth. It is shown that matching the images from the left and right eyes along
      radial directions is an alternative to matching images along the horizontal
      direction only.

PMID- 3684482
TI  - Putting order in the impossible.
AB  - The class of visual illusions called 'impossible figures' (illusory spatial
      interpretations of pictures) is analyzed in order to introduce an ordering into
      the great variety of such figures. Such an ordering facilitates reference,
      unifies terminology, and establishes a conceptual framework for further
      investigations of the subject, making easier the choice and systematic generation
      of various types of figures (for example, in systematic psychological
      experiments). First, the notion of 'impossible figure' is defined and certain
      other related classes of figures (so-called 'likely' and 'unlikely' figures) are
      distinguished. Second, the fundamental 'impossibility sources' are identified as
      elementary 'building blocks' of all impossible figures. Finally, two broad
      classes of impossible figures, multibars (or 'impossible polygons') and striped
      figures, are briefly described.

PMID- 3684483
TI  - Flicker contrast sensitivity in normal and specifically disabled readers.
AB  - Temporal contrast sensitivity for counterphase flicker was determined for
      specifically disabled and normal readers to investigate whether the two groups
      differ in the functioning of their transient systems. In experiment 1, temporal
      contrast sensitivity was measured over a range of temporal frequencies with a
      spatial frequency of 2 cycles deg-1. Disabled readers were less sensitive than
      the control subjects at all temporal frequencies. In experiment 2, temporal
      contrast sensitivity was measured at a temporal frequency of 20 Hz over a range
      of spatial frequencies. Disabled readers were less sensitive than the controls at
      all spatial frequencies, with the differences between the groups increasing as
      spatial frequency increased. Both these findings are interpreted as supporting
      the hypothesis of a transient-system deficit in the visual systems of disabled
      readers.

PMID- 3684484
TI  - Subjective contour humor.

PMID- 3684485
TI  - Tenth European Conference on Visual Perception. Varna, Bulgaria, 21-24 September
      1987. Abstracts.

PMID- 3684486
TI  - Vibrotactile masking and the persistence of tactual features.

PMID- 3684487
TI  - An AER study of stop-consonant discrimination.

PMID- 3684488
TI  - Channel capacity in the magnitude estimation of weight.

PMID- 3684489
TI  - On the relative frequency of depth effects in real versus illusory figures.

PMID- 3684490
TI  - Peripheral field stimulation suppresses flicker but not pattern detection in
      foveal targets.

PMID- 3684491
TI  - Psychophysical maps for subadditive dissimilarity ratings.

PMID- 3684492
TI  - Recovery of structure from motion: implications for a performance theory based on
      the structure-from-motion theorem.

PMID- 3684493
TI  - Fractal curves and complexity.

PMID- 3684494
TI  - An interval scale of brightness for the pigeon.

PMID- 3684495
TI  - Time estimation as an index of processing demand in memory search.

PMID- 3684496
TI  - Sensitivity and criterion effects in the spatial cuing of visual attention.

PMID- 3684497
TI  - Perceived duration, visual persistence, and neural integration.

PMID- 3684498
TI  - Rubber rhomboids: nonrigid interpretation of a rigid structure moving.

PMID- 3684499
TI  - Setting straight the record.

PMID- 3684500
TI  - A low-voltage activated, transient calcium current is responsible for the time
      dependent depolarizing inward rectification of rat neocortical neurons in vitro.
AB  - Intracellular recordings were obtained from rat neocortical neurons in vitro. The
      current-voltage-relationship of the neuronal membrane was investigated using
      current- and single-electrode-voltage-clamp techniques. Within the potential
      range up to 25 mV positive to the resting membrane potential (RMP: -75 to -80 mV)
      the steady state slope resistance increased with depolarization (i.e. steady
      state inward rectification in depolarizing direction). Replacement of
      extracellular NaCl with an equimolar amount of choline chloride resulted in the
      conversion of the steady state inward rectification to an outward rectification,
      suggesting the presence of a voltage-dependent, persistent sodium current which
      generated the steady state inward rectification of these neurons. Intracellularly
      injected outward current pulses with just subthreshold intensities elicited a
      transient depolarizing potential which invariably triggered the first action
      potential upon an increase in current strength. Single-electrode-voltage-clamp
      measurements revealed that this depolarizing potential was produced by a
      transient calcium current activated at membrane potentials 15-20 mV positive to
      the RMP and that this current was responsible for the time-dependent increase in
      the magnitude of the inward rectification in depolarizing direction in rat
      neocortical neurons. It may be that, together with the persistent sodium current,
      this calcium current regulates the excitability of these neurons via the
      adjustment of the action potential threshold.

PMID- 3684501
TI  - Effects of calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum on membrane currents in
      guinea pig atrial cardioballs.
AB  - (1) Ca current (ICa) and membrane currents related to Ca-entry during activation
      of ICa have been studied in cultured atrial myocytes from hearts of adult guinea
      pigs by means of patch clamp pipettes. The pipettes were filled with solutions
      containing citrate (65 mM) as major Ca-chelating compound and Cs ions in order to
      block K currents. (2) In myocytes dialysed with such solutions a monophasic time
      course of inactivation of ICa is observed, which is 1-2 orders of magnitude
      slower as compared to studies on intact cardiac cells or cells dialysed with EGTA
      as only Ca-chelating compound. (3) During long-lasting or repetitive
      depolarization a second component of ICa inactivation, apart from the slow decay
      observed in cells dialysed with such solutions, can be seen. This component of
      inactivation is not related to the depolarization as such but to loading of the
      cells with Ca2+. Whenever the rapid component of inactivation occurs, a transient
      inward current (Iti) after repolarization to the holding potential (-40 to -50
      mV) is recorded. Both, ICa inactivation and Iti can be mimicked by extracellular
      application of caffeine (5-10 mM), suggesting both current changes to be caused
      by a rise in Cai due to Ca release from sarcoplasmic reticulum. In the presence
      of caffeine the rapid component of ICa-inactivation and Iti are abolished. (4) In
      addition to ICa inactivation and activation of Iti sarcoplasmic Ca release causes
      openings of a novel ion channel with large conductance (greater than 200 pS), the
      function of which is unknown. (5) The results are consistent with the concept of
      Cai-dependent inactivation of Ca current, which can be caused either by Ca-entry
      or by Ca-release from the SR. The transient inward current is likely to reflect a
      process of Ca-removal from the cell, namely Na-Ca exchange.

PMID- 3684502
TI  - Actions of angiotensin II and noradrenaline on smooth muscle cells of the canine
      mesenteric artery.
AB  - The actions of angiotensin II (AngII) and noradrenaline (NA) on smooth muscle
      cells of the canine mesenteric artery were studied by measurement of isometric
      contractions recorded from muscle strips and the intracellular Ca2+ concentration
      monitored with quin2-fluorescence from dispersed suspensions of single cells. The
      Ca2+ transients provoked by the two agonists were monophasic in shape, i.e.,
      after application of each agonist, [Ca2+]i rose immediately within 1 s and
      decreased to near-basal level within 5 min. The contraction induced by NA was
      maintained for several minutes whilst that induced by AngII was short-lasting.
      When NA was repetitively applied to the strip in Ca2+ -containing solution, the
      same amplitude of contractions was always obtained. In contrast, after initial
      exposure to AngII, subsequently-applied AngII generated small contractions. In
      Ca2+-free solution, either agonist could induce the large contraction. After
      initial exposure to NA or AngII in Ca2+ -free solution, subsequently-induced
      contractions by either agonist were reduced. The response induced by AngII was
      blocked by [Sar1, Ile8]-AngII and that of NA was blocked by phentolamine.
      Pertussis toxin inhibited contractions induced by both agonists but not those
      induced by caffeine and high K+. An activator of protein kinase C, 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), produced a slowly-developing contraction
      without any change in [Ca2+]i, and this agent inhibited the contractions and Ca2+
      transients induced by both agonists. These results indicate that NA and AngII
      each act on a specific receptor and release Ca2+ from common intracellular
      storage sites through production of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
      (InsP3).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3684503
TI  - Response of chemosensitive nerve fibers of group III and IV to metabolic changes
      in rat muscles.
AB  - Spike recordings were obtained with preparations of group III and IV fibers from
      the nervus peroneus of the rat. During the recordings the muscle was stimulated
      by chemical substances simulating metabolic effects of static exercise: increase
      of [K+], enhancement of osmolality and increase of concentrations of lactic acid
      and inorganic phosphates. Two experimental setups were used: in series I
      application was performed by a perfusion of the circulatorily isolated hindleg,
      and in series II a single muscle of the hindleg (musculus extensor digitorum
      longus) was superfused by control or test solutions. Only those fiber
      preparations were further investigated which did not respond to pressure, tension
      or squeezing of the muscle. Only few fibers that were exposed to all of our
      stimuli responded to none of them; from the rest, about the half were selective
      or only preferential for one stimulus. The majority of the fibers adapted their
      response after 8 min while the applications still endured. A comparison of all
      fibers (in series II) proved that all the four stimuli elicited significant
      increases of activity. The greatest significant effects were found for lactic
      acid and potassium (in series I and II). Since the concentrations used in the
      test applications were characteristic for medium and heavy exercise these results
      support the hypothesis that metabolic muscle receptors participate in the
      peripheral control of circulatory and respiratory drives during static exercise.

PMID- 3684504
TI  - Half life and changes in the composition of a perfluorochemical emulsion within
      the vascular system of rats.
AB  - The decline of the concentration of perfluorochemicals (PFC) after a single
      injection of three different doses was studied in the circulation of rats. The
      doses used amounted to 4.4, 10 and 14 g/kg body weight of Fluosol-DA, an emulsion
      of 7 parts of perfluorodecalin (FDC) and 3 parts of perfluorotripropylamine
      (FTPA). This also allowed testing of the composition of the emulsion remaining in
      the circulation and of that found in the liver. After two days a decrease of the
      half life from 34.0 +/- 0.7 to 17.1 +/- 4.3 h was found within the circulation at
      the highest dose. At the same time a change in the composition of the emulsion in
      the blood stream occurred, favouring the fraction of FTPA. FTPA increased from
      28.3 +/- 1.4 to 54.4 +/- 8.1% on the fourth day. Whereas in the cells of the
      liver PFC droplets may be broken up, freed from their surfactant layer and
      handled according to their individual components, for PFC in the blood stream an
      unchanged composition should be assumed. Both results, the decreasing half life
      and the change in composition of the circulating emulsion may best be explained
      by a shrinking and instability of the emulgator film, showing the necessity for
      development of a superior surfactant.

PMID- 3684505
TI  - The influence of the atrial myocardium on impulse formation in the rabbit sinus
      node.
AB  - In the isolated right atrium of the rabbit heart the influence of the atrial
      myocardium on impulse formation in the sinus node was investigated. Under normal
      conditions the pacemaker (earliest activation) was located in the center of the
      node where fibers with the highest rate of diastolic depolarization were found.
      After disconnection of the atrium from the sinus node spontaneous cycle length
      decreased from a mean of 348 ms to a mean of 288 ms (-18%) in all experiments (n
      = 15). This was accompanied by a shift of the pacemaker from the nodal center
      towards the border zone. By means of multiple microelectrode impalements changes
      in action potential configuration were studied. After disconnection of atrium and
      sinus node the rate of diastolic depolarization of fibers in the border zone was
      increased from a mean of 26 mV/s to a mean of 78 mV/s, whereas in the center of
      the sinus node no increase was found (mean: 52 mV/s). It was concluded that the
      fibers in the border zone of the sinus node are better pacemaker fibers than in
      the nodal center. However under normal conditions the intrinsic pacemaker
      properties of the border zone fibers are electronically depressed by the
      connected atrial myocardium.

PMID- 3684506
TI  - Local flow velocities in the cat carotid body tissue.
AB  - With the aid of a new three-dimensional mathematical model local flow velocities
      in the specific carotid body tissue of the cat measured by hydrogen clearances
      were calculated to have a mean value of 0.006 cm/s at a perfusion pressure of 50
      mm Hg, 0.014 cm/s at a perfusion pressure of 120 mm Hg, and 0.018 cm/s at a
      perfusion pressure of 170 mm Hg. These results indicate that the carotid body
      specific tissue possesses a distinct flow heterogeneity with normal capillary
      flow velocities and a high shunt flow. During hypoxia, the smallest decrease in
      tissue PO2 was significantly correlated with the highest decrease in flow
      velocity. This suggests that the carotid body capillary network itself exhibits a
      PO2 sensor mechanism amplifying the chemoreceptive process in the specific cell
      elements.

PMID- 3684507
TI  - Study of microfilaments network during volume regulation process of cultured PC
      12 cells.

PMID- 3684509
TI  - Effect of ventromedial hypothalamic stimulation on blood flow of brown adipose
      tissue in rats.
AB  - The changes in regional blood flows to the rat's interscapular brown adipose
      tissue and several other tissues during electrical stimulation of the
      ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) were studied using radioactively labelled
      microspheres. Measurement of blood flow was carried out, along with monitoring
      heart rate, under anesthesia and at thermoneutrality. During VMH stimulation the
      heart rate was clearly augmented and cardiac output increased about 45%. Regional
      blood flows were significantly increased in response to VMH stimulation in
      interscapular brown adipose tissue, adrenal glands, diaphragm and gastrocnemius
      muscles. The response of interscapular brown adipose tissue was the most
      prominent (approx. fifty-fold increase). Blood flows tended to decrease in
      spleen, lungs and kidneys during VMH stimulation, but did not change in liver or
      in other visceral organs. These observations suggest that the VMH is concerned
      with the regulation of regional blood flow to brown adipose tissue and
      contributes to thermogenesis in this tissue.

PMID- 3684508
TI  - Neural nicotinic acetylcholine responses in solitary mammalian retinal ganglion
      cells.
AB  - Using the patch-clamp technique, whole-cell recordings from solitary rat retinal
      ganglion cells in culture have established the nicotinic nature of the
      acetylcholine responses in these central neurons. Currents produced by
      acetylcholine (5-20 mumol/l) or nicotine (5-20 mumol/l) reversed in polarity near
      -5 mV and were unaffected by atropine (10 mumol/l). Agonist-induced currents were
      blocked by low doses (2-10 mumol/l) of the classical 'ganglionic' antagonists
      hexamethonium and mecamylamine, as well as by d-tubocurarine and dihydro-beta
      erythroidine (the latter two do not discriminate clearly between ganglionic and
      neuromuscular junction receptors). Treatment with the potent neuromuscular
      blocking agent alpha-bungarotoxin (10 mumol/l) did not affect the cholinergic
      responses of these cells, while toxin F (0.2 mumol/l), a neural nicotinic
      receptor antagonist, readily abolished acetylcholine-induced currents. Thus, the
      experiments performed to date show that the nicotinic responses of retinal
      ganglion cells in the central nervous system share the pharmacology of autonomic
      ganglion cells in the peripheral nervous system. The ionic current carried by the
      nicotinic channels was selective for cations, similar to that described for
      nicotinic channels in other tissues. In addition, single-channel currents
      elicited by acetylcholine were observed in whole-cell recordings with seals
      greater than 5 G omega as well as in occasional outside-out patches of membrane.
      These acetylcholine-activated events, which had a unitary conductance of 48 pS
      and a reversal potential of 0 mV, represent the ion channels that mediate the
      neural nicotinic responses observed in these experiments on retinal ganglion
      cells.

PMID- 3684510
TI  - Alinidine modifies the pacemaker current in sheep Purkinje fibers.
AB  - (1) The "specific bradycardic agent" alinidine reduces the slope of the diastolic
      depolarization in sinoatrial tissue and Purkinje fibers. In short Purkinje fibers
      of sheep, alinidine (28 microM) decreased the pacemaker current by a dual action.
      The voltage dependence of if activation was shifted in the hyperpolarizing
      direction by 7.8 +/- 0.6 mV (n = 18, p less than 0.001) and the conductance of
      the fully activated if current was reduced to 73 +/- 2% (n = 18, p less than
      0.001) of its control value. These effects were reversible and dose-dependent.
      (2) Ionophoretic injections of alinidine caused reversible reductions of the
      diastolic depolarization rate and simultaneous transient hyperpolarizing shifts
      of the if activation range. (3) Some prolongation of the action potential
      duration was observed at 28 microM and more pronounced at higher concentration.
      This was presumably the consequence of a reduction by alinidine of outward
      repolarizing current carried by the background inward rectifier and plateau
      current ix. (4) The action of alinidine on if resulted in a slower activation of
      a reduced fraction of the pacemaker current at the maximal diastolic potential
      level. This explains the decrease of the diastolic depolarization rate observed
      in Purkinje fibers.

PMID- 3684511
TI  - Membrane properties of rabbit basilar arteries and their responses to transmural
      stimulation.
AB  - Changes in membrane potential of rabbit basilar arteries were recorded in
      response to transmural stimuli applied by means of a suction electrode. Responses
      to current pulses of long duration and low intensity showed that the passive
      electrical properties of basilar arteries were similar to those of other vascular
      smooth muscles. In contrast to peripheral arteries, action potentials were
      readily evoked by depolarizing currents. Action potentials were graded in
      amplitude from 17-60 mV according to stimulus strength. Amplitudes and rates of
      rise of the directly evoked action potentials increased with increasing external
      calcium and were abolished by cobalt, manganese and magnesium. Brief electrical
      stimuli which might have been expected to activate perivascular nerves produced
      slow depolarizing responses whose amplitude and duration increased with
      increasing stimulus intensity. These responses were not blocked by tetrodotoxin,
      lowered external calcium, or sympathetic denervation. They do not appear to be
      due to the release of a conventional neurotransmitter.

PMID- 3684512
TI  - Adrenergic stimulation of the rat mesenteric vascular bed: a combined micro- and
      macrocirculatory study.
AB  - The sympathetic nervous system is one of the primary factors controlling vascular
      resistance. Vascular smooth muscle contraction by sympathetic stimulation is
      mediated primarily by alpha-adrenoceptors. In this study, we investigated the
      effects of different forms of adrenergic stimulation on simultaneously measured
      macro- and microcirculatory dynamics in the rat mesenteric vascular bed.
      Macrocirculatory effects were measured by means of registration of changes in
      mean arterial pressure (MAP) and blood flow feeding this tissue via a
      miniaturized Doppler flow probe around the superior mesenteric artery.
      Microvascular changes were measured at the level of A2 arterioles by means of
      intravital microscopic registration of arteriolar diameters and red blood cell
      velocity (RBC vel). Topical or intra-arterial application of noradrenaline caused
      a dose-dependent decrease in arteriolar diameter and RBC vel at doses that did
      not cause significant systemic effects. On the other hand, during intravenous
      application of noradrenaline or other vasopressor substances an increase in MAP
      and decrease in organ (Doppler) blood flow was not parallelled by a decrease in
      arteriolar diameter or RBC vel. In contrast, RBC vel increased in a dose-related
      manner, whereas arteriolar diameter only secondarily decreased to a small degree.
      Similar results were obtained when the sympathetic nervous system was activated
      by means of electrical stimulation of the posterior hypothalamus. These data
      indicate that adrenergic stimulation can elicit different vascular responses. The
      ultimate microvascular effect depends upon the way of stimulation or route of
      drug administration.

PMID- 3684513
TI  - Diffusional shunting of oxygen in saline-perfused isolated rabbit heart is
      negligible.
AB  - Diffusional shunting of oxygen in the saline-perfused heart was studied by
      comparing the time course of the coronary venous concentrations of oxygen and an
      intravascular indicator following a simultaneous step-like change in their
      arterial concentrations. To this end 7 rabbit hearts were perfused according to
      Langendorff with Tyrode solution at a perfusion flow rate of 3.8 +/- 1.4 ml.min
      1.g-1 (wet weight) at 37 degrees C. In the reference situation arterial (Pao2)
      and venous oxygen tensions (Pvo2) were about 610 and 290 mmHg, respectively. Step
      changes in Pao2 were made to a 60 mmHg lower level and back. Simultaneously the
      arterial concentration of albumin-bound indocyanine green, an intravascular
      indicator, was changed. No deflection in PvO2 was detected before the venous dye
      concentration changed. The venous dye concentration crossed 5% of its step
      amplitude 4 s after the arterial change, on average 2.3 s before Pvo2 crossed its
      5% level. We conclude that shunt diffusion of oxygen from arterioles to venules
      and from arterial to venous ends of the capillary bed is negligible in saline
      perfused hearts and thus cannot explain the high value of Pvo2 in these
      preparations.

PMID- 3684514
TI  - Anabolic steroids alter the haemodynamic effects of endurance training on the
      canine left ventricle.
AB  - The effects of six week, high-dose anabolic steroid treatment (methandienone, 1.5
      mg/kg/day) on the changes in left ventricular function induced in dogs by
      endurance training were studied by a catheterization technique under anaesthesia.
      Pacing, isoproterenol and dextran infusions were used as loading tests
      (respectively). Dogs were randomized into an exercise group (EG, n = 7) and an
      exercise-steroid group (ESG, n = 7), the latter receiving anabolic steroids as
      well as participating in the training program. In a standardized submaximal
      exercise test, the heart rate of unanesthetized dogs was lower both in the EG (p
      less than 0.001) and in the ESG (p less than 0.01) after the training period than
      before it. In the EG the resting systemic vascular resistance (SVR) before
      haemodynamic interventions was lower (p less than 0.05) and left ventricular
      stroke work (SW) was higher (p less than 0.05) after the training period than
      before. In the ESG, left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) decreased with
      training and anabolic steroid treatment (p less than 0.05). After the training
      period isoproterenol increased the maximum velocity of the cardiac contractile
      element significantly more (p less than 0.05) in the EG than in the ESG. Also SW
      increased in the EG (29%, p less than 0.001), but not in the ESG (-11%, NS).
      Endurance training increased the left ventricular end-diastolic and stroke
      volumes during isoproterenol infusion, but this training effect was attenuated by
      simultaneous anabolic steroid treatment (p less than 0.05 between the groups in
      both cases). During the isoproterenol test SVR decreased less in ESG than in EG
      (p less than 0.05 between).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3684515
TI  - Cell Na+ activities and transcellular Na+ absorption by descending colon from
      normal and Na+-deprived rabbits.
AB  - The relation between intracellular Na+ activities, (Na)c, determined employing
      Na+-selective microelectrodes, and the rates of active Na+ absorption, INa, by
      rabbit descending colon was examined when INa was varied over a wide range by
      chronic dietary Na+ deprivation. (Na)c averaged 13 mM and was independent of INa
      over a sixfold range. Further, the ratios of the slope resistance of the apical
      membrane (rm) to that of the basolateral membrane (rs) (i.e. rm/rs) in low
      transporters (control diet) and high-transporters (Na+-deprived) did not differ
      significantly inspite of the fact that the Na+ conductance of the apical
      membranes of high-transporters was, on the average, three times greater than that
      of the low-transporters. These findings, together with the results reported by
      other laboratories, strongly suggest that the aldosterone-induced increase in the
      conductance of the apical membrane to Na+ and, in turn, the rate of entry of Na+
      into the absorptive cells are followed by parallel increases in the ability of
      cells to extrude Na+ across the basolateral membrane in the absence of a
      sustained increase in (Na)c as well as the conductance of that barrier.

PMID- 3684516
TI  - Responses of sacral visceral afferents from the lower urinary tract, colon and
      anus to mechanical stimulation.
AB  - The discharge characteristics of sacral visceral afferents supplying the urinary
      bladder, urethra, colon and anus to mechanical stimuli were analyzed in the
      anaesthetized cat. The stimuli used were passive distension (urinary bladder,
      colon), isovolumetric contraction (urinary bladder), movements of the urethral
      catheter and mechanical shearing stimuli (mucosal skin of the anal canal). (1) In
      total 245 afferent units which projected in the pelvic nerve were isolated from
      the sacral dorsal roots. From one of the following organs, urinary bladder,
      colon, urethra and anus 117 afferent units were activated. By these stimuli from
      the bladder, urethra and anus 122 afferent units could not be activated, and as
      far as tested also not from the colon; in 6 afferent units the classification was
      unclear. (2) Afferent units from the urinary bladder and the colon responded
      consistently to passive distension of the respective organ. The units from the
      urinary bladder showed graded responses at intraluminal pressures of about 10-70
      mmHg and responded also to isovolumetric contractions of the organ. The
      thresholds of the units from the bladder to passive distension and contraction
      varied from about 5 to 20 mmHg intravesical pressure. (3) The afferent units from
      the urethra and the anus did not react or showed some weak phasic and irregular
      responses to distension and contraction applied to the urinary bladder or to
      distension of the colon. They were consistently excited by low threshold
      mechanical stimulation of the urethra and anus, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3684517
TI  - Fibre type transition and stiffness modification of soleus muscle of trained
      rats.
AB  - Rat soleus muscles were subjected to two types of overload with intent to induce
      fibre type transitions and modifications in muscular stiffness. The overloading
      techniques were respectively an endurance training program and a strength
      training program. The method of controlled releases was used to obtain tension
      extension curves characterizing the elastic behaviour of the soleus. Fibre typing
      was made by myofibrillar ATPase staining and the effectiveness of the training
      programs was also evaluated by assessing enzymatic activities. Endurance training
      resulted in an increase of stiffness associated with a decrease of type II
      fibers. The opposite change was found as a result of strength training. These
      results demonstrate that endurance training and strength training induce opposite
      modifications in muscular stiffness which are correlated with fibre type
      transitions.

PMID- 3684518
TI  - A simple electronic circuit for determining the twitch force and resting force of
      small heart muscle preparations.
AB  - The twitch of small preparations of heart muscle is often weak and difficult to
      record accurately during an experiment. Measurement of small twitch forces can
      also be handicapped by minor disturbances in the experimental chamber. We
      describe here a simple electronic circuit that is useful for detecting small
      changes of twitch force during experimental interventions. Using this circuit,
      the twitch force signal can be recorded on relatively high gain and changes of
      twitch force can be observed that might otherwise go undetected.

PMID- 3684519
TI  - [CT of blow-out fracture of the orbit].

PMID- 3684520
TI  - [CT of the thymus--I. CT image of the normal thymus].

PMID- 3684521
TI  - [CT of the thymus--II. CT diagnosis of thymic tumors].

PMID- 3684522
TI  - [The evaluation of the bone mineral content in renal osteodystrophy by the CT
      numbers of the mid-shaft and lateral condyle of the femur].

PMID- 3684523
TI  - [Remote afterloading high-dose rate intracavitary therapy of carcinoma of the
      uterine cervix. I. Survival, prognostic factors, cause of death and patterns of
      failure and complication].

PMID- 3684524
TI  - [Clinical experience with microwave hyperthermia in esophageal cancer].

PMID- 3684525
TI  - [Effect of an immunomodifier on radiation-induced antitumor immunity following
      local irradiation of the tumor--1. OK-432].

PMID- 3684526
TI  - Evidence of existence of low dose radiation induced tumor immunity.

PMID- 3684527
TI  - Outcome measures in home care. Volume I. Research.

PMID- 3684528
TI  - Selected correlates of job performance of community health nurses.

PMID- 3684529
TI  - Health-specific family coping index for noninstitutional care.

PMID- 3684530
TI  - Quality of life as a cancer nursing outcome variable.

PMID- 3684531
TI  - Quality Assurance Manual of the Home Care Association of Washington.

PMID- 3684532
TI  - The relationship of nursing process and patient outcomes.

PMID- 3684533
TI  - Some basic issues in evaluating the quality of health care.

PMID- 3684534
TI  - Criterion measures of nursing care quality.

PMID- 3684535
TI  - Status of quality assurance in public health nursing.

PMID- 3684536
TI  - Effectiveness of public health nurse home visits to primarous mothers and their
      infants.

PMID- 3684537
TI  - Outcome measures in home care. Volume II. Service.

PMID- 3684538
TI  - Using patient outcomes to evaluate community health nursing.

PMID- 3684539
TI  - Outcome criteria: public health nursing and home care services. Minnesota
      Department of Health.

PMID- 3684540
TI  - Quality assurance in a home health agency.

PMID- 3684541
TI  - Quality assurance program. Florida Association of Home Health Agencies.

PMID- 3684542
TI  - Colorado quality assurance audit criteria. Colorado Association of Home Health
      Agencies.

PMID- 3684543
TI  - MSW standards and outcomes for clients. Visiting Nurse Association of Texas.

PMID- 3684544
TI  - A client classification system adaptable for computerization.

PMID- 3684545
TI  - Evaluating patient outcomes.

PMID- 3684546
TI  - Home health nursing care plans.

PMID- 3684547
TI  - Guide for the development of the nursing care plan. Visiting Nurse Association of
      Metropolitan Detroit.

PMID- 3684548
TI  - Evaluation of a VNA mental health project.

PMID- 3684549
TI  - Using a level of function scale (LORS-II) to evaluate the success of inpatient
      rehabilitation programs.

PMID- 3684550
TI  - Development and use of functional client outcome measures.

PMID- 3684551
TI  - Quality assurance in community health nursing.

PMID- 3684552
TI  - Self-management outcome criteria (SMOC) record form. Visiting Nurse and Home
      Care.

PMID- 3684553
TI  - A system to evaluate home health care services.

PMID- 3684554
TI  - A patient classification system in home health care.

PMID- 3684556
TI  - Guidelines for review of nursing care at the local level.

PMID- 3684555
TI  - Relating quality and cost in a home health care agency.

PMID- 3684557
TI  - The 'black box' of home care quality.

PMID- 3684558
TI  - Model standards: a guide for community preventive health services.

PMID- 3684559
TI  - Standards of home health nursing practice.

PMID- 3684560
TI  - Position statement: productivity expectations. Michigan Home Health Assembly.

PMID- 3684561
TI  - A model for evaluating a community health agency.

PMID- 3684563
TI  - Program objectives. Visiting Nurse Association of Metropolitan Atlanta.

PMID- 3684562
TI  - Data utilization--for successful planning and evaluation.

PMID- 3684564
TI  - Health promotion and Disease Prevention emphasis plan. Oklahoma City area Indian
      Health Service.

PMID- 3684565
TI  - Analysis of conformational parameters in nucleic acid fragments. I. Single
      crystals of nucleosides and nucleotides.
AB  - A study has been undertaken of conformational parameters in single crystal
      structures of nucleosides and nucleotides using the techniques of helical
      conformational analysis. A "quasi-helix" was generated from the geometry of base
      paired structures, using published data extracted from the Cambridge structural
      database. A total of 54 base-pairs were found in these structures, for each of
      which were calculated hydrogen bond parameters, propeller twist, buckle and C1'
      C1' separations. These were analysed according to various classifications.
      Propeller twists are found to show a wide range of values and the magnitude of
      twist appears to be unrelated to hydrogen bond parameters or C1'-C1' separation.
      The values of the buckle parameter vary over a smaller range of values and are
      unrelated to propeller twist magnitude. There is found to be a greater tendency
      to form homo-base-pairs among compounds containing adenine bases.

PMID- 3684566
TI  - Unrelated sequences at the 5' end of mouse LINE-1 repeated elements define two
      distinct subfamilies.
AB  - Some full length members of the mouse long interspersed repeated DNA family L1Md
      have been shown to be associated at their 5' end with a variable number of tandem
      repetitions, the A repeats, that have been suggested to be transcription
      controlling elements. We report that the other type of repeat, named F, found at
      the 5' end of a few L1 elements is also an integral part of full length L1
      copies. Sequencing shows that the F repeats are GC rich, and organized in tandem.
      The L1 copies associated with either A or F repeats can be correlated with two
      different subsets of L1 sequences distinguished by a series of variant
      nucleotides specific to each and by unassociated but frequent restriction sites.
      These findings suggest that sequence replacement has occurred at least once in 5'
      of L1Md, and is related to the generation of specific subfamilies.

PMID- 3684567
TI  - Analysis of cDNA clones that code for the transmembrane forms of the mouse neural
      cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and are generated by alternative RNA splicing.
AB  - The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) exists in at least three different
      isoforms. In the mouse, NCAM proteins with apparent Mr's of 180,000, 140,000 and
      120,000 have been distinguished. These are encoded by 4 to 5 different
      transcripts. Here we report the full amino acid sequence of an isoform which most
      likely represents NCAM-140. The N-terminal extracellular portion of the 829
      residue polypeptide appears to be identical to all three NCAM proteins. The Mr of
      91,276 is considerably smaller than the estimate based on SDS-gel
      electrophoresis. The 147 C-terminal residues are distinct from NCAM-120 and
      contain the putative transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. The transcript
      encoding NCAM-140 contains almost 3.2 kb non-coding sequence with a canonical
      polyadenylation signal. While the 5' sequences of NCAM-140 hybridize with all
      NCAM mRNAs, the 3' probes recognize only the two larger transcripts of 7.4 and
      6.7 kb. From S1 nuclease protection analyses and hybridization studies of several
      NCAM cDNA clones with genomic NCAM sequences one can conclude that the different
      NCAM transcripts are generated by alternative splicing. In addition to the two
      alternative splice sites in the sequence encoding the extracellular domains, a
      third one can be predicted approximately 320 nt downstream of the start of the
      NCAM-140-specific sequence portion. This finding is in agreement with the
      existence of an extra exon in the chicken NCAM-180. Comparison between mouse and
      chicken NCAM amino acid sequences revealed the highest homology in the second and
      fifth Ig-like domains and in the cytoplasmic parts suggesting that these regions
      serve highly conserved functions.

PMID- 3684568
TI  - Sequence-targeted chemical modifications of nucleic acids by complementary
      oligonucleotides covalently linked to porphyrins.
AB  - Oligo-heptathymidylates covalently linked to porphyrins bind to complementary
      sequences and can induce local damages on the target molecule. In dark reactions,
      iron porphyrin derivatives exhibited various chemical reactivities resulting in
      base oxidation, crosslinking and chain scission reactions. Reactions induced by
      reductants, such as ascorbic acid, dithiothreitol or mercapto-propionic acid, led
      to very localised reactions. A single base was the target for more than 50% of
      the damages. Oxidising agents such as H2O2 and its alkyl derivatives induced
      reactions that extended to a wider range of altered bases. The specificity of the
      chemical modifications observed in these systems is discussed from a mechanistic
      point of view.

PMID- 3684569
TI  - Isolation of tobacco SSU genes: characterization of a transcriptionally active
      pseudogene.
AB  - Genomic clones containing three genes for the small subunit (SSU) of ribulose
      bisphosphate carboxylase were isolated from tobacco. Detailed analysis was
      performed on two of these clones to give a clearer picture of this multigene
      family in tobacco. This analysis demonstrated that one of the clones contained a
      pseudogene that was unusual in that it was transcriptionally active. This is the
      first transcriptionally active pseudogene that has been reported in plants. In
      addition, another clone was found to contain coding sequences which are 100%
      homologous to a previously-cloned tobacco SSU gene (Mazur, B.J. and Chiu, C-F.
      [1985] Nuc. Acids Res. 13, 2372-2386), indicating that gene duplication and/or
      gene conversion may have played a role in the evolution of the tobacco SSU
      family.

PMID- 3684571
TI  - DNA denatures upon drying after ethanol precipitation.
AB  - We have observed that ethanol precipitation and subsequent drying of small (less
      than 400 bp) radiolabelled DNA fragments is able to induce a transition to a form
      that migrates aberrantly on acrylamide gels. This unusual form has increased
      sensitivity to S1 nuclease, decreased sensitivity to restriction enzymes, and a
      concentration dependence for the reversion to the duplex form. Apparently, DNA
      denatures upon dehydration so that redissolving at low dilution will allow the
      collapse of DNA fragments into single-stranded hairpin structures. These
      structures are stable enough at low dilution to prevent complete reannealing of
      single stranded species. These single stranded species show strong binding to
      unidentified proteins present in nuclear extracts. This may give rise to
      misleading interpretations of mobility shift assays, especially if the single
      stranded conformers have a similar mobility to the duplex fragment, which can
      occur in fragments that are 50-100 bp long. Evidence is presented that DNA, in
      general, denatures upon dehydration, but that hindrances to rotation in the solid
      state may prevent long fragments from dissociating.

PMID- 3684570
TI  - An alternative protein factor which binds the internal promoter of Xenopus 5S
      ribosomal RNA genes.
AB  - In small oocytes of Xenopus species, two sets of 5S RNA genes, oocyte-type and
      somatic-type, are fully activated. The 5S RNA transcripts are temporarily stored,
      half in association with TFIIIA to form a 7S particle, the other half in
      association with tRNA and two proteins (p48 and p43) to form a 42S particle. It
      has been established previously that TFIIIA binds to the internal control region
      of 5S RNA genes and promotes their transcription. Here we show that protein can
      be translocated from the 42S particles to 5S RNA genes, but only after treatment
      of the particles with ribonuclease. Nevertheless, once transferred, stable
      protein-DNA complexes are formed and DNase-protection experiments show that
      binding is specific to the gene promoter, covering exactly the same sequence as
      TFIIIA. The DNA-binding protein is identified as p48 which, after isolation by
      ion-exchange chromatography, will bind to 5S RNA genes in the absence of
      ribonuclease.

PMID- 3684572
TI  - Nicks 3' or 5' to AP sites or to mispaired bases, and one-nucleotide gaps can be
      sealed by T4 DNA ligase.
AB  - Using synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides with 3'-OH ends and 32P-labelled 5'
      phosphate ends and the technique of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, it is
      shown that, in the presence of the complementary polynucleotide, an AP (apurinic
      or apyrimidinic) site at the 3' or the 5' end of the labelled
      oligodeoxynucleotides does not prevent their ligation by T4 DNA ligase, although
      the reaction rate is decreased. This decrease is more severe when the AP site is
      at the 3' end; the activated intermediates accumulate showing that it is the
      efficiency of the adenyl-5'-phosphate attack by the 3'-OH of the base-free
      deoxyribose which is mostly perturbed. Using the same technique, it is shown that
      a mispaired base at the 3' or 5' end of oligodeoxynucleotides does not prevent
      their ligation. A one-nucleotide gap, limited by 3'-OH and 5'-phosphate, can also
      be closed by T4 DNA ligase although with difficulty; here again the activation of
      the 5'-phosphate end does not seem to be slowed down, but rather the 3'-OH attack
      of the adenyl-5'-phosphate. All these anomalous ligations take place with the
      nick or the gap in front of a continuous complementary strand. Blunt ends
      ligation of correct duplexes occurs readily; however an AP site or a mispaired
      base at the 3' or 5' end of one strand of the duplexes prevents ligation between
      these strands. But a missing nucleotide (responsible for one unpaired nucleotide
      protruding at the 3' or 5' end of the complementary strand) does not stop
      ligation of the shorter oligodeoxynucleotides between independent duplexes.

PMID- 3684573
TI  - Specific labelling of the active site of T7 RNA polymerase.
AB  - We describe a method for specifically labelling T7 RNA polymerase at (or near)
      the active site. Enzyme molecules that have been modified by covalent attachment
      of a benzaldehyde nucleotide derivative in the presence of template DNA are
      subsequently incubated with radioactively labelled nucleoside triphosphates.
      Labelling of the enzyme occurs as a result of the formation of the first
      phosphodiester bond. The labelling is template-directed and the expected
      specificity of initiation at individual T7 promoters is observed. The label has
      been localized to an 80 kd tryptic fragment that contains the carboxy-terminal
      portion of the enzyme.

PMID- 3684574
TI  - Oligoribonucleotide synthesis using T7 RNA polymerase and synthetic DNA
      templates.
AB  - A method is described to synthesize small RNAs of defined length and sequence
      using T7 RNA polymerase and templates of synthetic DNA which contain the T7
      promoter. Partially single stranded templates which are base paired only in the 
      17 to +1 promoter region are just as active in transcription as linear plasmid
      DNA. Runoff transcripts initiate at a unique, predictable position, but may have
      one nucleotide more or less on the 3' terminus. In addition to the full length
      products, the reactions also yield a large amount of smaller oligoribonucleotides
      in the range from 2 to 6 nucleotides which appear to be the result of abortive
      initiation events. Variants in the +1 to +6 region of the promoter are
      transcribed with reduced efficiency but increase the variety of RNAs which can be
      made. Transcription reaction conditions have been optimized to allow the
      synthesis of milligram amounts of virtually any RNA from 12 to 35 nucleotides in
      length.

PMID- 3684575
TI  - Supercoiled induced transition to the Z-DNA conformation affects the ability of a
      d(CG/GC)12 sequence to be organized into nucleosome-cores.
AB  - Nucleosome-cores were reconstituted by the salt-dialysis method onto closed
      circular pDHg16 DNA which contains a d(CG/GC)12 sequence. Alternating d(CG/GC)n
      sequences form left-handed Z-DNA readily when contained in negatively supercoiled
      DNA. We have investigated the ability of the d(CG/GC)12 sequence to be organized
      into nucleosome-cores when stabilized as Z-DNA through negative supercoiling. We
      have found that nucleosome assembly at the d(CG/GC)12 insert is prevented when
      the sequence is stable in the Z-conformation but it is not affected at all when
      the sequence adopts the right-handed B-form.

PMID- 3684576
TI  - Formation of a type I collagen RNA dimer by intermolecular base-pairing of a
      conserved sequence around the translation initiation site.
AB  - A symmetrical sequence around the translation initiation site of several collagen
      genes is highly conserved. Deletions in this sequence increase translational
      efficiency of an alpha 2(I) collagen - CAT chimeric gene after DNA transfection
      of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts (Schmidt, Rossi and de Crombrugghe, submitted). The
      secondary structure, predicted by the sequence of this segment, was shown to
      exist in solution in 200 mM NaCl at 37 degrees C. Cell-free translation of the
      corresponding RNA using a reticulocyte lysate is inhibited 2 to 4-fold by
      preincubation with a 0.5 M NaCl extract of an NIH 3T3 ribosomal eluate. Cell-free
      translation of two mutant RNAs, with partial deletions of the conserved sequence,
      is not inhibited by such preincubation. This inhibition is not due to degradation
      of the RNA and requires a protein component of the ribosomal eluate, which,
      however, is not required after the preincubation step. Preincubation of the RNA
      with the ribosomal eluate from NIH 3T3 fibroblasts causes the reversible
      formation of an intermolecular dimer in which the conserved symmetrical sequences
      hybridize to each other. This results in an increase in the degree of secondary
      structure of the conserved segment around the translation initiation site. We
      speculate that translational efficiency could be modulated by influencing the
      equilibrium between monomer and dimer.

PMID- 3684577
TI  - Overdrive is a T-region transfer enhancer which stimulates T-strand production in
      Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
AB  - Introduction of a left or right synthetic border repeat together with the
      overdrive sequence in an octopine Ti-plasmid deletion mutant, lacking the right
      border, resulted in the complete restoration of the oncogenicity of the mutant
      strain. However introduction of a border repeat without the overdrive, only
      restored oncogenicity partially. The overdrive sequence turned out to be able to
      stimulate the synthetic border mediated T-region transfer, independent of its
      orientation and position relative to the border repeat. Furthermore the distance
      between border repeat and overdrive could be enlarged, without a loss of
      overdrive activity. Here we enlarged the distance between the two sequences up to
      6714bp. These results were confirmed by estimating the amount of single stranded
      T-DNA molecules from induced agrobacteria, containing the various border
      constructs.

PMID- 3684578
TI  - Primary structure of the DNA terminal protein of bacteriophage PRD1.
AB  - The genome of a lipid-containing phage, PRD1, is replicated by a protein-priming
      mechanism. We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the PRD1 gene 8 which
      specifies the terminal protein, the protein primer for DNA synthesis. The coding
      region is 780 base pairs long and encodes for 259 amino acids (29,326 daltons).
      The predicted amino acid sequence of the PRD1 terminal protein reveals no
      substantial homology with that of any known terminal protein. However, hydropathy
      profiles of the PRD1, phi 29, and Nf terminal proteins are remarkably similar,
      suggesting a common evolutionary origin. A particular tyrosine residue is
      predicted to be covalently linked to the 5' end of the PRD1 DNA. The initiation
      codon ATG of gene 8 is preceded by the identifiable ribosome binding site, and
      putative promoter sequences. There are unique palindromic sequences between the
      ribosome binding site and "-10" region.

PMID- 3684580
TI  - 15N NMR spectra of wyosine and related ribonucleosides.

PMID- 3684579
TI  - Inducible gene expression from multiple promoters by the tumor-promoting agent,
      PMA.
AB  - Phorbol ester tumor promoters affect a broad scope of changes in mammalian cells.
      This report describes the activation of expression of an introduced
      chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene by the phorbol ester,
      phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), in a variety of fibroblast and
      hematopoietic cell lines. PMA-mediated activation appears to be promoter region
      specific, yet widespread. Enhanced gene expression is observed for four out of
      five promoter systems tested, and, in some cases, is dependent on the cellular
      environment. Further experiments indicate that PMA mediates elevated gene
      expression by rapidly increasing steady state levels of CAT mRNA. The broad range
      of promoters affected by PMA may help explain the high potency of this agent in
      tumor production.

PMID- 3684581
TI  - Human Mn superoxide dismutase cDNA sequence.

PMID- 3684582
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of rat liver HMG1 cDNA.

PMID- 3684583
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of the gene for ribosomal protein L36 in pea chloroplast DNA.

PMID- 3684584
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of the murine TNF locus, including the TNF-alpha (tumor
      necrosis factor) and TNF-beta (lymphotoxin) genes.

PMID- 3684585
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of the human APRT gene.

PMID- 3684586
TI  - Yeast killer plasmid pGKL1 encodes a DNA polymerase belonging to the family B DNA
      polymerases.

PMID- 3684587
TI  - Sequence of the cDNA for one acidic ribosomal protein of Schizosaccharomyces
      pombe.

PMID- 3684588
TI  - Alu B2 type repeats in the alpha A crystallin locus in the mole rat (Spalax
      ehrenbergi) genome.

PMID- 3684589
TI  - Polymerase chain reaction fingerprints.

PMID- 3684590
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of the human beta-actin promoter 5' flanking region.

PMID- 3684591
TI  - Identification of the telomeric sequence of the acellular slime molds Didymium
      iridis and Physarum polycephalum.
AB  - We have determined the telomeric DNA sequence of the acellular slime molds
      Didymium iridis and Physarum polycephalum. In both organisms the telomeres
      consist of tandem repeats of the hexamer 5'(TTAGGG)3'. This sequence was
      determined by cloning and sequencing the telomeric fragment of the linear
      extrachromosomal ribosomal DNA from Didymium, as well as direct end labeling and
      sequencing the rDNA from both organisms. Interestingly, this sequence is
      identical to the telomeric DNA sequence of the flagellated protozoan Trypanosoma
      brucei, and suggests that despite the diversity of telomeric sequences previously
      determined in lower eukaryotes, the necessity to create functional telomeres has
      led to constraints on these sequences.

PMID- 3684592
TI  - Genomic characterization of the human DNA excision repair gene ERCC-1.
AB  - In this report the genomic characterization of the human excision repair gene
      ERCC-1 is presented. The gene consists of 10 exons spread over approximately 15
      kb. By means of a transfection assay the ERCC-1 promoter was confined to a region
      of +/- 170 bp upstream of the transcriptional start site. Classical promoter
      elements like CAAT, TATA and GC-boxes are absent from this region. Furthermore,
      ERCC-1 transcription is not UV-inducible. A possible explanation is provided for
      the previously reported alternative splicing of exon VIII. Analysis of ERCC-1
      cDNA clones revealed the occurrence of differential polyadenylation which gives
      ERCC-1 transcripts of 3.4 and 3.8 kb in addition to the major 1.1 kb mRNA.
      Apparent evolutionary conservation of differential polyadenylation of ERCC-1
      transcripts suggests a possible role for this mode of RNA processing in the ERCC
      1 repair function.

PMID- 3684593
TI  - Transcriptional signals of a U4 small nuclear RNA gene.
AB  - The signals controlling the expression of a chicken U4 small nuclear RNA (snRNA)
      gene have been studied by microinjection into Xenopus oocytes. At least two
      distinct regions in the 5'-flanking DNA contribute to U4B RNA gene expression.
      The proximal regulatory element, which is inactivated by a 5'-flanking DNA
      deletion to position -38, provides a basal level of U4B RNA synthesis. The distal
      regulatory region, centered near position -200, acts as a transcriptional
      enhancer. It provides a 4-5 fold stimulation of U4B RNA gene expression above the
      basal level, and, like mRNA enhancers, is composed of multiple functional motifs.
      One of these, the octamer sequence ATGCAAAG, has previously been recognized as an
      important element of U1 and U2 snRNA gene enhancers, as well as being involved in
      the expression of a number of mRNA genes. However, the octamer sequence is not
      sufficient for U4B enhancer activity. An additional element, an "Sph motif," is
      located 12 base pairs downstream of the octamer and is an essential component of
      the U4B enhancer. Transcriptional competition studies indicate that the U4B and
      U1 snRNA genes utilize a common set of transcription factors.

PMID- 3684594
TI  - Chicken erythrocyte beta-globin chromatin: enhanced solubility is a direct
      consequence of induced histone hyperacetylation.
AB  - Chicken immature red blood cells were incubated for 1 hour in Swim's medium
      containing 3H-acetate and 10 mM n-butyrate. During the incubation period, the
      small percentage of dynamically acetylated and deacetylated histone is
      radiolabeled and hyperacetylated. A second effect of the n-butyrate incubation is
      to shift a small subset of nucleohistone into a soluble form. This chromatin is
      predominantly polynucleosome size (approximately dimer to pentamer) and can be
      separated from soluble mononucleosomes by 5-30% sucrose gradient centrifugation.
      The soluble polynucleosomes are 25-30 fold enriched for adult beta-globin (beta
      A) DNA and contain the hyperacetylated histones. We have tested whether histone
      hyperacetylation is responsible for the enhanced beta-globin chromatin solubility
      by in vitro deacetylation of the soluble chromatin histones. This procedure
      converts the beta-globin polynucleosomes to an insoluble form, demonstrating that
      histone hyperacetylation is in fact directly responsible for the increased
      solubility of the beta A chromatin.

PMID- 3684595
TI  - Rapid chromosomal assignment of multiple genomic clones in tomato using primary
      trisomics.
AB  - In order to rapidly assign relatively large numbers of tomato genomic clones to
      specific chromosomes, we have developed the following approach: groups of five to
      eight clones from a single copy tomato library are pooled, nick-translated, and
      utilized as probes against Southern blots consisting of a panel of trisomic DNAs.
      Since the trisomic DNAs are digested with the same enzyme used to produce the
      genomic library (PstI), each hybridizing band can be related to a specific
      genomic clone and the relative intensities of the bands can be used to assign
      each to a specific chromosome. With this technique, we have assigned 52 clones to
      specific chromosomes and verified the assignment of 21 out of 23 by genetic
      mapping in a segregating F2 population. In addition to selecting clones according
      to chromosome, the idea of using multiple clones or "molecular darts" may have
      broader applications, such as screening for differences between the genomes of
      nearly isogenic lines.

PMID- 3684596
TI  - A protein factor binding to an octamer motif in the gamma-globin promoter
      disappears upon induction of differentiation and hemoglobin synthesis in K562
      cells.
AB  - Using the electrophoretic mobility shift assay and the footprinting technique, we
      studied the binding of nuclear proteins from erythroid and non erythroid human
      cells to the promoter region of the human gamma-globin gene. Two regions (A and
      B) of the promoter are bound by proteins present in uninduced K562 cells, but not
      in induced K562 cells nor in fetal liver erythroblasts; a protein binding to
      region A is also present in a variety of lymphoid and myeloid cells. Region B is
      centered on an octamer sequence identical to that present in immunoglobulin
      promoter and enhancers and other eukaryotic promoters; a B region binding protein
      common to K562 and other cells efficiently binds the octamer containing region of
      the histone H2B gene, while different B region proteins are more specific for
      uninduced K562 cells and the gamma-globin octamer containing fragment. The
      possible role of these nuclear proteins in gamma-globin gene regulation and/or
      cell differentiation is discussed.

PMID- 3684597
TI  - Severe combined immune deficiency due to a homozygous 3.2-kb deletion spanning
      the promoter and first exon of the adenosine deaminase gene.
AB  - We have investigated the structural gene for adenosine deaminase (ADA) in a
      female infant with ADA deficiency associated severe combined immune deficiency
      (ADA-SCID) disease and her family by DNA restriction-fragment-length analysis. In
      this family a new ADA-specific restriction-fragment-length variant was detected,
      which involves a 3.2-kb deletion spanning the ADA promoter as well as the first
      exon. It was found that the patient, who was born to a consanguineous couple, was
      homozygous and both her parents and her brother were heterozygous for the
      deletion. No ADA-specific mRNA could be detected by hybridization in fibroblasts
      derived from this patient. Thus the patient was established to be homozygous for
      a true null ADA allele. In the light of the apparently normal development of most
      tissues except the lymphoid tissue the above finding directly questions the
      classification of ADA as a 'housekeeping' enzyme.

PMID- 3684598
TI  - Properties of DNase I digestion of the deoxyoligonucleotide:
      5'd(ATCGTACGAT)2(3').
AB  - Deoxyribonuclease I digestion of the deoxyoligodecamer 5'd(ATCGTACGAT)2(3') has
      been examined in detail to study the kinetic and structural properties of this
      enzyme substrate system in solution. In addition, these studies have defined, in
      general, those DNase I conditions to be used in future drug-DNA footprinting
      experiments. Special attention has been taken of those properties of DNase I that
      are critical for quantitation of ligand binding to small DNA fragments, and that
      aid in designing oligomers to be used in footprinting experiments. Enzyme
      activity was observed at all phosphodiester bonds in the decamer studied with
      varying affinity, except for the first four bonds at the 5' end of the oligomer.
      The DNA substrate concentration is always in excess, in order to achieve
      conditions of no more than one DNase I cleavage per DNA molecule. Reactions were
      controlled so that 65% or more of the initial amount of decamer substrate
      remained after DNase I digestion. It was observed that the rate of enzyme
      reactivity decreases with digestion time and is sensitive to the experimental
      conditions.

PMID- 3684599
TI  - The primary structure of rat ribosomal protein S8.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of rat ribosomal protein S8 was deduced from the sequence
      of nucleotides in a recombinant cDNA and confirmed from the NH2- and carboxyl
      terminal amino acid sequences of the protein. Ribosomal protein S8 contains 207
      amino acids (the NH2-terminal methionine is removed after translation of the
      mRNA) and has a molecular weight of 23,928. Hybridization of the cDNA to digests
      of nuclear DNA suggests that there are 7-9 copies of the S8 gene. Ribosomal
      protein S8 contains a possible internal repeat that has 12 or 13 residues, is
      basic, and occurs 5 times in the protein.

PMID- 3684600
TI  - Methyl transferases induced during chemical adaptation of M. luteus.
AB  - Three peaks of methyltransferase activity specific for MNNG alkylated DNA have
      been identified from extracts of chemically adapted M. luteus. They are
      designated as TI to TIII in order to their elution from a Sephadex G-75 column.
      The first one of these peaks has been purified to homogeneity. TI, is an
      inducible, unusually salt resistant, heat labile protein which corrects O6
      methylguanine in alkylated DNA by the transfer of the O6-alkyl group to a
      cysteine amino acid in the TI protein. There is a stoichiometric relationship
      between the loss of O6-methylguanine from the DNA and the production of S
      methylcysteine. Partially purified TII & TIII proteins show specificity for O4
      alkylthymine and methyl phosphotriesters respectively. The mode of repair by the
      isolated methyltransferases is similar yet there is no competition for substrate
      specificity. The apparent molecular weights of TI, TII & TIII proteins are 31Kd,
      22Kd, and 13Kd respectively.

PMID- 3684601
TI  - Reactivity with DNA of three pyrenofuran analogues of benzo(a)pyrene and
      benzo(e)pyrene.
AB  - Three pyrenofurans, the pyreno[1,2-b]furan (FP1), the pyreno[2,1-b] furan (FP2)
      and the pyreno[4,5-b]furan (FP3) have been synthesized as analogues of the
      mutagenic and carcinogenic benzo(a)pyrene (FP1 and FP2) and of its non
      carcinogenic isomer benzo(e)pyrene (FP3). For each of the pyrenofurans, the
      reactivity with DNA has been tested in presence of liver microsomes of rats
      induced with 3-methylcholanthrene. Fluorescence spectroscopy showed that only FP2
      and FP3 which possess a "bay region" react with DNA. In both cases, metabolites
      bound to DNA have a fluorescence emission comparable to that of the "bay region"
      dihydrodiols obtained after the "in vitro" metabolism of initial molecules. FP2
      is shown to react similarly to benzo(a)pyrene whereas the reactivity of FP3 is
      different from that of benzo(e)pyrene, in spite of their structural similarities.
      This is probably due to reasons of three-dimensional space configuration. The
      peculiar reactivity of FP3 is predicted by calculations of the bond order values.

PMID- 3684602
TI  - The propeptide region of clotting factor IX is a signal for a vitamin K dependent
      carboxylase: evidence from protein engineering of amino acid -4.
AB  - Homologous "propeptide" regions are present in a family of vitamin K-dependent
      mammalian proteins, including clotting factors II, VII, IX, X, protein C, protein
      S and bone "gla" proteins. To test the hypothesis that the propeptide is a signal
      for the correct gamma-carboxylation of the adjacent gamma-carboxy region, we have
      mutated amino acid -4 of human factor IX from an arginine to a glutamine residue,
      by M13-directed site-specific mutagenesis of a cDNA clone. After expression of
      mutant factor IX in dog kidney cells, we find that it is secreted into the medium
      in a precursor form containing the propeptide, and is inefficiently gamma
      carboxylated compared to the control, wild-type, recombinant factor IX. This
      result supports the hypothesis that the propeptide region is required for
      efficient gamma-carboxylation of factor IX in dog kidney cells. Furthermore, it
      confirms previous results that arginine at amino acid -4 is required for correct
      propeptide processing.

PMID- 3684604
TI  - The enhancement of ribosomal transcription by the recycling of RNA polymerase I.
AB  - It has been suggested that the tandemly repeated ribosomal genes of eukaryotes
      may be subject to a special mechanism of transcriptional enhancement, called
      Readthrough Enhancement, in which transcription factors are recycled. Recent
      experiments with the mouse ribosomal genes, although consistent with this
      possibility, were unable to distinguish between true Readthrough Enhancement and
      promoter occlusion. To test directly for Readthrough Enhancement, the pre
      ribosomal RNA of Xenopus laevis was prematurely terminated within the 18S gene on
      a circular template. This premature termination was found to reduce the
      efficiency of pre-ribosomal RNA promotion in cis by 80 to 90%. Since the pre
      ribosomal RNA is normally terminated only 213 base pairs upstream of its own
      initiation site, the results strongly suggest that the recycling of RNA
      polymerase, or Readthrough Enhancement, is a means by which ribosomal
      transcription is enhanced in Xenopus laevis.

PMID- 3684603
TI  - Crystal structure analysis of an A-DNA fragment at 1.8 A resolution: d(GCCCGGGC).
AB  - Single crystals of the self-complementary octadeoxyribonucleotide d(GCCCGGGC)
      have been analysed by X-ray diffraction methods at a resolution of 1.8 A. The
      tetragonal unit cell of space group P4(3)2(1)2 has dimensions of a = 43.25 A and
      c = 24.61 A and contains eight strands of the oligonucleotide. The structure was
      refined by standard crystallographic techniques to an R factor of 17.1% using
      1359 3 sigma structure factor observations. Two strands of the oligonucleotide
      are related by the crystallographic dyad axis to form a DNA helix in the A
      conformation. The d(GCCCGGGC) helix is characterized by a wide open major groove,
      a near perpendicular orientation of base pairs to the helix axis and an unusually
      small average helix twist angle of 31.3 degrees indicating a slightly underwound
      helix with 11.5 base pairs per turn. Extensive cross-strand stacking between
      guanine bases at the central cytosine-guanine step is made possible by a number
      of local conformational adjustments including a fully extended sugar-phosphate
      backbone of the central guanosine nucleotide.

PMID- 3684605
TI  - 5S rRNA sequences from Nitrobacter winogradskyi, Caulobacter crescentus, Stella
      humosa and Verrucomicrobium spinosum.

PMID- 3684606
TI  - Mapping and nucleotide sequence of the nifS promoter of Bradyrhizobium japonicum.

PMID- 3684607
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of the mouse hck gene.

PMID- 3684608
TI  - Cloning and sequence analysis of the rat ventral prostate glucocorticoid receptor
      cDNA.

PMID- 3684609
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of a processed human hsc70 pseudogene.

PMID- 3684611
TI  - A rapid method for the purification of DNA from blood.

PMID- 3684610
TI  - The primary structure of the predominating vicilin storage protein subunit from
      field bean seeds (Vicia faba L. var. minor cv. Fribo).

PMID- 3684612
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of cDNA encoding a novel human thyroid hormone receptor.

PMID- 3684613
TI  - The problem-based learning approach in baccalaureate nursing education: how
      effective is it?

PMID- 3684614
TI  - The meaning of health in an inner city community.

PMID- 3684615
TI  - The environmental load of childbirth settings: development and testing of a
      measurement tool.

PMID- 3684616
TI  - Nursing research at the baccalaureate level: a unique teaching/learning model.

PMID- 3684617
TI  - [Influence of psycho-socio-cognitive factors on the use of contraceptives in
      adolescence].

PMID- 3684618
TI  - The long walk to freedom. Interview by Charlotte Alderman.

PMID- 3684619
TI  - The big chill.

PMID- 3684621
TI  - Primary nursing. Patient-centred practice.

PMID- 3684620
TI  - Enter the life-long learner?

PMID- 3684622
TI  - Primary nursing. My very own nurse.

PMID- 3684623
TI  - Sweet nothings.

PMID- 3684624
TI  - Keeping the customer satisfied.

PMID- 3684625
TI  - Controlling an epidemic.

PMID- 3684626
TI  - How alcohol affects memory.

PMID- 3684627
TI  - Helping hands. When the going gets tough.

PMID- 3684628
TI  - Relatives. Holding the family together.

PMID- 3684629
TI  - Keeping out the cold.

PMID- 3684630
TI  - Midwives' Journal.

PMID- 3684631
TI  - Midwives' Journal. Artificial rupture of the membranes.

PMID- 3684632
TI  - Midwives' Journal. Compound presentation in second stage of labour.

PMID- 3684633
TI  - Midwives' Journal. The midwives' mandate.

PMID- 3684634
TI  - Crisis? What crisis?

PMID- 3684635
TI  - Working in the dark.

PMID- 3684637
TI  - Not waving, but drowning.

PMID- 3684636
TI  - AIDS awareness.

PMID- 3684638
TI  - The ward sister. Support your ward sister.

PMID- 3684639
TI  - The ward sister. Stress-reducing strategies.

PMID- 3684640
TI  - The ward sister. Maximising potential.

PMID- 3684641
TI  - Primary nursing. Structural changes.

PMID- 3684642
TI  - Letter from Beirut. Nursing under siege.

PMID- 3684643
TI  - Recurrent dislocation of the shoulder.

PMID- 3684644
TI  - So, you want to be a general manager?

PMID- 3684645
TI  - Good meeting, shame about the parents.

PMID- 3684646
TI  - Tissue viability. Pressure sores.

PMID- 3684647
TI  - Tissue viability. The buck stops with you.

PMID- 3684648
TI  - Tissue viability. Counting the costs.

PMID- 3684649
TI  - Tissue viability. Calculating the risk.

PMID- 3684650
TI  - Tissue viability. Illuminating research.

PMID- 3684651
TI  - Scratching the surface.

PMID- 3684652
TI  - Cry for help.

PMID- 3684653
TI  - Someone, somewhere, should do something.

PMID- 3684654
TI  - Partners in time.

PMID- 3684655
TI  - Joining forces.

PMID- 3684656
TI  - On the track of a killer.

PMID- 3684657
TI  - Worlds apart.

PMID- 3684658
TI  - Breast cancer. The breast test on trial.

PMID- 3684659
TI  - Breast cancer. Sizing up the problem.

PMID- 3684660
TI  - Now tick the scapegoat of your choice.

PMID- 3684661
TI  - The ward sister. Training the teacher.

PMID- 3684662
TI  - Looking for the perfect fit.

PMID- 3684663
TI  - Training the AIDS educator.

PMID- 3684664
TI  - A lesson from America.

PMID- 3684665
TI  - The chosen ones.

PMID- 3684666
TI  - Theatre nursing supplement.

PMID- 3684668
TI  - Theatre nursing. Operating in the shed.

PMID- 3684667
TI  - Theatre nursing. Crisis in the theatre.

PMID- 3684669
TI  - Theatre nursing. Cervical myelopathy in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 3684670
TI  - Theatre nursing. Unbroken succession. Interview by Laurence Dopson.

PMID- 3684671
TI  - A model for nursing.

PMID- 3684672
TI  - Is anybody there?

PMID- 3684674
TI  - Room at the top.

PMID- 3684675
TI  - Neonatal care. Open door.

PMID- 3684673
TI  - Licensed to live?. Interview by Gill Crabbe.

PMID- 3684676
TI  - Neonatal care. Setting the record straight.

PMID- 3684677
TI  - Neonatal care. What price life?

PMID- 3684678
TI  - Shaping a new unit.

PMID- 3684679
TI  - The misunderstood model.

PMID- 3684680
TI  - Legionella: the story of an outbreak.

PMID- 3684681
TI  - In praise of decentralisation.

PMID- 3684682
TI  - A child alone.

PMID- 3684683
TI  - Racism in the wards?

PMID- 3684684
TI  - Give me the moon light.

PMID- 3684685
TI  - Depressing outlook.

PMID- 3684686
TI  - Code of conduct. Top secret code?

PMID- 3684687
TI  - Code of conduct. Ethics, etiquette and the law.

PMID- 3684688
TI  - Code of conduct. A professional duty to shout.

PMID- 3684690
TI  - Sharing the death of a parent.

PMID- 3684689
TI  - Dear nurse.

PMID- 3684691
TI  - Is the RCN too political? The case for; the case against.

PMID- 3684692
TI  - The patient's not for turning.

PMID- 3684693
TI  - Just right for the job!

PMID- 3684694
TI  - Quest: Nursing Time's educational supplement.

PMID- 3684695
TI  - Quest: Learning from experience.

PMID- 3684696
TI  - Quest: Routes to the future.

PMID- 3684697
TI  - Walking back to happiness.

PMID- 3684698
TI  - Health visitors supplement.

PMID- 3684699
TI  - Health visitors supplement. Mothers' lament.

PMID- 3684700
TI  - Health visitors supplement. Developing a Black consciousness.

PMID- 3684701
TI  - Health visitors supplement. Stand together.

PMID- 3684702
TI  - Health visitors supplement. Cutting their losses.

PMID- 3684704
TI  - Common fluid and electrolyte disorders.

PMID- 3684703
TI  - Health visitors supplement. No indolent aristocrat. Interview by Laurence Dopson.

PMID- 3684705
TI  - Assessment and nursing diagnosis in fluid and electrolyte disorders.
AB  - Disorders of fluid and electrolyte balance are common considerations in adult
      medical-surgical clients with underlying pathologic conditions. The assessment
      framework presented in an integrated approach is an attempt to provide the
      clinician with a nursing model to be used in gaining pertinent clinical
      information from clients with existing or suspected fluid and electrolyte
      disorders. The use of health patterns facilitates the collection and organization
      of information gained by the nurse through assessment. This framework assists the
      nurse in processing subjective and objective assessment data to obtain an
      accurate nursing diagnosis. Nursing diagnosis is the keystone of the nursing
      process--without an organized framework for the collection of assessment data,
      the nursing diagnosis may not be valid and, therefore, nursing care will not be
      client-centered.

PMID- 3684706
TI  - Fluid and electrolyte disorders in cardiovascular patients.
AB  - Fluid and electrolyte imbalance in the patient with cardiovascular dysfunction is
      a common complication of cardiac disease. Cardiovascular diseases remain the
      number one cause of death in the United States today. Recovery from these
      diseases requires careful attention to the factors that influence heart status.
      Fluid and electrolyte imbalance in the cardiac patient often is both life
      threatening and preventable. Maintaining a homeostatic environment in terms of
      fluid and electrolyte balance is critical to achieving optimal cardiac function
      in all heart patients.

PMID- 3684707
TI  - Steroid-dependent states and adrenal insufficiency. Fluid and electrolyte
      disturbances.
AB  - Patients on steroid hormone therapy for chronic adrenal insufficiency experience
      stable fluid and electrolyte balance. The patient with acute adrenal
      insufficiency, however, experiences a fluid and electrolyte balance crisis that
      develops over a few short hours. Nurses in all health care settings need to be
      alert for patients at risk for crisis and the characteristic symptoms of acute
      adrenal insufficiency. Nursing interventions aimed at correcting fluid and
      electrolyte imbalance and providing patient education for prevention of further
      crisis is critical.

PMID- 3684708
TI  - Nursing diagnoses: implementation.

PMID- 3684709
TI  - Organizational characteristics that facilitate the use of nursing diagnoses.
AB  - The effective use of nursing diagnosis is facilitated by an organizational
      structure that accommodates nursing professional autonomy and accountability.
      Nurse executives who plan for the implementation of nursing diagnosis should
      expect nurses to develop as an autonomous and accountable collective. There
      should be shared leadership to achieve mutual goals, make decisions about nursing
      practice, socialize its members, build and maintain effective communication
      processes, and use the process of change to effect and maintain the model of
      practice. When these structures and processes compose the organizational milieu,
      nursing diagnoses will be used and will promote the further development of nurses
      as autonomous and accountable professionals who develop and use knowledge to
      deliver quality client care.

PMID- 3684710
TI  - Computers and nursing diagnoses. Issues in implementation.
AB  - In summary, the issue of using computerized systems for nursing diagnosis is
      really a question of when and how, not if, because we look to technology to
      simplify our information processing requirements. In a society that is moving
      quickly to increase applications of computers, there are still many technical as
      well as professional issues that need to be addressed. How we define computerized
      information systems can define how we practice. It is critical then to recognize
      nursing's responsibility to use technology to emphasize a commitment to care that
      is both individualized and humanistic. As we look to technology to simplify our
      information processing requirements, the process of developing computer
      applications for nursing holds great promise.

PMID- 3684711
TI  - A nursing information system. The outcome of implementing nursing diagnoses.
AB  - The use of nursing diagnosis, as the focus for care planning and as a role
      expectation for professional nursing practice, has evolved throughout the years
      into a concept that has permeated all other systems in the Department of Nursing.
      Systems that were previously mutually exclusive were organized through the use of
      nursing diagnosis-based care planning and were integrated to improve both nursing
      efficiency and efficacy. Full computerization of the Nursing Information System
      Model (Fig. 1) will have the nursing diagnosis-based patient care plan and the
      medical orders for nursing intervention as the source of all clinical nursing
      data and will provide the majority of nursing administrative management data.

PMID- 3684712
TI  - Implementing nursing diagnoses.
AB  - This article has explained the strategies used in one institution to make nursing
      diagnosis an integral part of the daily practice of its professional nurses. It
      has also described what the professional nurses at one institution have
      accomplished to make recording of the nursing process, which clearly delineated
      nursing diagnosis, more efficient in short-term units. As nurses subscribe more
      to the professional imperative to describe our phenomena of concern, creative
      minds will undoubtedly develop alternate recording methods for these time
      pressured units. Preprinted forms are excellent prototypes for the data screens
      that need to be developed as more nursing departments have computer capabilities.

PMID- 3684713
TI  - The use of nursing diagnoses for health promotion in community practice.
AB  - The use of nursing diagnosis contributes to health promotion by helping nurses
      define and organize knowledge for community practice. When community nurses
      assess clients' responses to life and health events, clinical judgment frequently
      requires formulation of both positive and problem-oriented nursing diagnoses.
      Clinical examples and research findings are used to illustrate the use of nursing
      diagnoses for health promotion in community practice.

PMID- 3684714
TI  - Implementation of nursing diagnoses in nursing education.
AB  - Successful implementation of nursing diagnosis in nursing education begins with
      assessment of the program's philosophy, terminal objectives, faculty, and
      organizational framework. The outcome of successful implementation is a graduate
      that uses nursing diagnosis as the pivotal point in nursing practice. If nurses
      of today and tomorrow are to become competent diagnosticians in nursing, teaching
      diagnostic reasoning and nursing diagnosis formulation must be an integral part
      of the nursing educational process.

PMID- 3684715
TI  - Sex discrimination and nursing profession.

PMID- 3684716
TI  - Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation: making the difference between life and death.

PMID- 3684717
TI  - Current shifts in nursing education: the case of Australia.

PMID- 3684718
TI  - Rheumatoid arthritis: a patient care study.

PMID- 3684719
TI  - Role of research in quality nursing care.

PMID- 3684721
TI  - Nursing college library: development of core lists of periodicals.

PMID- 3684720
TI  - Recreational activities for the mentally retarded: implications for nurse
      therapist.

PMID- 3684722
TI  - Hospital accounting: a productivity-oriented method of control.

PMID- 3684723
TI  - Endogenous health care.

PMID- 3684724
TI  - [22d Congress of the Polish Phthisiopneumonological Society. Lublin, 19-21 June
      1986. Proceedings].

PMID- 3684725
TI  - [Current trends in the chemotherapy of tuberculosis].

PMID- 3684726
TI  - [6-month chemotherapy of newly detected tuberculosis].

PMID- 3684727
TI  - [Detection and treatment of tuberculosis in the rural environs of Cracow].

PMID- 3684728
TI  - [Incidence of tuberculosis among the rural population in the Wroclaw province
      1976-1985].

PMID- 3684729
TI  - [Sociologic risk factors of tuberculosis as selective criteria for group studies
      using radiophotography].

PMID- 3684730
TI  - [Correlation of risk factors of pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 3684731
TI  - Increased frequency of doxycycline side effects.
AB  - As part of a study investigating new methods of detecting adverse drug reactions,
      adult outpatients receiving new prescriptions for 1 of 4 antibiotics
      (doxycycline, penicillin VK, ampicillin, or tetracycline) were assigned to 1 of 2
      methods of monitoring adverse drug reactions. Data were collected from a total of
      457 staff-initiated interviews and from 1467 patients who were asked to telephone
      to report possible adverse effects. Doxycycline is considered by authoritative
      sources to be generally comparable in side effects to other tetracyclines and
      penicillins, with the exception that it increases photosensitivity. Results from
      both monitoring methods consistently indicated at least a 3-fold higher frequency
      of nausea or vomiting with doxycycline relative to the other antibiotics.
      Complaints of skin rash also were at least 4 times more frequent with
      doxycycline, depending on the particular sample.

PMID- 3684732
TI  - The use of carbamazepine and lithium in controlling a case of chronic rapid
      cycling.
AB  - A 34-year-old white female with a long-standing and deteriorating course of rapid
      cycling affective disorder was successfully treated by discontinuing a tricyclic
      antidepressant drug and then using a combination of carbamazepine and lithium.
      This suggests that rapid cycling affective disorder could be an underdiagnosed
      disorder, especially in patients with affective disorders who are receiving
      conventional antidepressant drugs who otherwise exhibit a stormy clinical course
      with numerous medication changes and hospitalizations. It is further suggested
      that a change in treatment strategy is warranted in such patients, as it could
      benefit both patients and society by decreasing hospitalizations and increasing
      the patients' quality of life.

PMID- 3684733
TI  - Solar urticaria--sun, skin and serum.

PMID- 3684734
TI  - Analysis of the risk of skin cancer from sunlight and solaria in subjects living
      in northern Europe.
AB  - The risk of non-melanoma skin cancer in northern Europeans who indulge in
      sunbathing or use a UVA solarium was estimated using a mathematical model of skin
      cancer incidence that makes allowance for childhood, occupational and
      recreational sun exposure. This model demonstrates that the cumulative incidence
      of skin cancer in indoor workers is about 2-3% by the age of 70, yet this risk
      can increase 5-fold if they indulge in a two-week sunbathing vacation each
      summer. The use of a UVA solarium is also shown to increase the risk of skin
      cancer. Because risk increases with the approximate square of annual solarium
      exposure, it is not possible to define a 'safe' level of exposure. Instead, it is
      shown that weekly use of a UVA solarium from age 20 until middle age (40-50)
      gives a relative cumulative incidence of 1.3 compared with non-users of sun beds
      and sun canopies. The risk begins to increase rapidly for more frequent use,
      particularly when solaria are used in combination with sunbathing.

PMID- 3684735
TI  - UV radiation measurement in a study of elderly subjects.
AB  - Elderly subjects were exposed to controlled amounts of sunshine over a 3-month
      period. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) was monitored using two types of sensors,
      polysulphone film and a digital radiation meter. The time periods for sun
      exposure were computer-derived so as to yield 'safe' exposure times, but these
      times may have been underestimated. Erythemally effective radiation doses
      calculated from the sensor readings indicated good agreement between the sensors.

PMID- 3684736
TI  - UV radiation-induced skin tumors in Monodelphis domestica.
AB  - Chronic exposure of the skin of the South American opossum (Monodelphis
      domestica) to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from an FS-40 sunlamp (280-400 nm) 3
      times per week for a total of 200 exposures resulted in the appearance of actinic
      keratoses, fibrosarcomas, squamous cell carcinomas and keratoacanthomas. At the
      higher doses of UVR used in this study, moderate to severe hyperplasia was also
      observed. The susceptibility of this animal to the induction of skin tumors by
      UVR in conjunction with the capacity to enzymatically photoreactive pyrimidine
      dimers in cutaneous DNA identifies this animal as a useful model in determining
      the role of pyrimidine dimers in skin tumor induction by UVR.

PMID- 3684737
TI  - Environmental influences on UVB erythema.
AB  - In 31 volunteers the superficial skin temperature of one forearm was either
      raised or lowered by a warm or cold water bath. Immediately afterwards the
      individual minimal erythema dose (MED) for monochromatic light of 300 +/- 5 nm
      (UVB) was determined on both arms. Compared to the control forearm, a warm water
      bath significantly lowered the MED (p less than 0.001), whereas a cold water bath
      had no influence on the light sensitivity. In 14 volunteers the MED for
      polychromatic UVB was determined on the lower back with and without a continuous
      cold air flow 5 min before and during the UVB exposure. The continuous cold air
      flow significantly increased the MED (p less than 0.05). Environmental factors
      such as warm water or cold air have modulating effects on UVB erythema. These
      interactions should be considered when dealing with the effects of natural sun
      exposure or phototherapy.

PMID- 3684738
TI  - Comparison of sun protection factors obtained with a xenon solar simulator and an
      Ultravitalux lamp.
AB  - The influence of the type of UV source on the sun protection factor (SPF) was
      investigated in healthy volunteers with skin Types I to III. In an open-paired
      comparison, sunscreens with low, medium and high SPF were examined under
      identical test conditions using either a 150-watt xenon-arc solar simulator or a
      set of four 300-watt Osram Ultravitalux bulbs as the UV source. Despite wide
      differences in the spectral output of the two sources, both yielded similar mean
      SPF for each of the three test sunscreens. The only significant difference
      observed was with the FRG standard, for which a lower mean SPF (3.1) was obtained
      with the Ultravitalux lamps compared to the solar simulator (mean SPF 4.0). There
      were no differences between the calculated arithmetic and geometric means.

PMID- 3684739
TI  - Spontaneous photo-onycholysis.

PMID- 3684740
TI  - UVA-irradiation tanning reaction in Koreans with skin types IV and V.

PMID- 3684741
TI  - Mouth PUVA: new treatment for recalcitrant oral lichen planus.

PMID- 3684743
TI  - Grief and bereavement.

PMID- 3684742
TI  - Skin reflectance spectrophotometry.
AB  - A skin reflectance spectrophotometer was constructed for determination of colour
      changes in dermatological disorders. Objective quantification of human skin
      colour in vivo can be achieved with this apparatus. The spectrophotometer is of
      simple construction, and it has improved reproducibility compared to previously
      described instruments. Reproducibility is better than 1.7%, measured in
      comparison to a standard white 100% reflecting surface. Due to 1) the short scan
      time of 20 s, 2) small and mobile measuring head, and 3) the use of optical
      fibers for delivering and detecting light, the apparatus is suited for clinical
      spectral colour measurements and comparison of different treatment effects in
      most anatomical regions. By use of computer technology, it is possible to make
      fast and reliable comparisons of spectrograms, and to perform chromophore
      analysis from the recorded data.

PMID- 3684744
TI  - The mourning-liberation process in health and disease.
AB  - In this article I have presented my own research on the mourning-liberation
      process and related it to some of the ongoing work as well as past pioneering
      clinical studies of this adaptational process. Included in the references at the
      end of this paper is a listing of my published works on the mourning research, in
      chronologic order, for those who may wish to study aspects of what has been
      reported in greater detail.

PMID- 3684745
TI  - Predictors of psychological reactions during the early stages of widowhood.
AB  - In conclusion, this preliminary study of 2-month outcome to spousal bereavement
      found (1) most widows and widowers had social supports and lack of such supports
      was not related to outcome; (2) a clinical depressive syndrome was common, and a
      history of past depressions was associated with poor outcome; (3) more subjects
      increased alcohol consumption and cigarette use after their loss than decreased
      their use, but a past history of problems with alcohol was not related to
      outcome; (4) female, younger, and poorer survivors had the worst outcomes; (5)
      more disturbed marital relationships correlated highly with poor outcomes; (6)
      when the deceased spouse died without warning and without a prolonged illness,
      the survivor was more apt to have a difficult adjustment; and (7) the continued
      presence of active grief was associated with increased levels of anxiety,
      somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, and depression. Finally, the results of
      the study show that self-rated overall adjustment is highly correlated with
      other, standardized psychometric scale scores as well as with grief-specific
      affects. Assessing global adjustment may, therefore, be a simple, time-efficient,
      yet meaningful area of inquiry in clinical situations. This is the first in a
      series of studies on this widowed population. Future reports will focus on other
      dimensions of widowhood, changes over long-term follow-up, and the validity and
      reliability of the Widowhood Questionnaire.

PMID- 3684746
TI  - Grief in widowhood and divorce.
AB  - This article describes the development of scales to assess grief and anger in
      widowhood and divorce. Widows have significantly higher grief scores than do
      divorcees, but the two groups do not differ in the degree of anger they report.
      Grief and anger scores are higher for widows and divorcees with social and
      psychological vulnerabilities and demographic characteristics that have been
      hypothesized as making them at greater risk for difficulties in adjustment. The
      data are from age, race, and census tract of residence-matched samples of widows
      and divorcees interviewed approximately 3 months after the death of or filing for
      divorce from their spouses.

PMID- 3684747
TI  - The impact of parental death on college-age women.
AB  - This is a small sample study of the impact of a parent's death on college-age
      women. These women report that the death matures them, often putting them out of
      step with their peers. How they cope is related to the surviving parent's ability
      to respond to their needs as children. Regardless of the age at the time of the
      death, they felt unsure about how safe the world was for them, and they needed
      reassurance that they could count on the surviving parent to take care of them.
      As they mature, they need to discover what kind of person their deceased parent
      was and to find a place for the deceased in their adult identity.

PMID- 3684748
TI  - Bereavement in combat.
AB  - Despite the obvious fact that loss and bereavement are an integral part of the
      war experience, surprisingly little has been written about bereavement and grief
      in combat. This article discusses reasons for the resistance to the concepts of
      loss and bereavement in military psychiatry, distinctive aspects of combat
      bereavement, factors that impede appropriate grieving in war, and, with the aid
      of case vignettes, the varieties of bereavement states seen in combat situations.
      The authors conclude that the clinical phenomena of grief run like a connecting
      thread through the various presentations of combat-related psychiatric syndromes,
      including post-traumatic stress disorders, and that more research in this area is
      called for.

PMID- 3684749
TI  - Unresolved grief in persons with cancer referred for psychotherapy.
AB  - Of 135 persons with cancer referred for psychotherapy, 76 per cent were found to
      have had a previous grief experience, and 60 per cent were suffering from
      unresolved grief for previous losses. This article discusses the identification
      of those most vulnerable to unresolved grief in later life and discusses the
      problems previous losses have on one's ability to deal with the current crisis of
      a diagnosis of cancer. The impact of early childhood loss, identification with
      the deceased, chronic grief, delayed grief, exaggerated or masked grief, and the
      death of a dream are discussed, and clinical examples are used to illustrate
      concepts of intervention.

PMID- 3684750
TI  - Psychotherapy of pathologic grief. Revisions and limitations.
AB  - A significant minority (14 per cent) of a nonpatient bereaved population may be
      presumed to develop intense and enduring pathologic grief responses. The promise
      of recovery with short-term, focused intervention appears to be misleading, as a
      sizable proportion of patients with pathologic grief will be unresponsive to
      treatment. Prospective studies have demonstrated a positive correlation of
      dependent attachment, conflicted attachment, and unexpected loss with specific
      pathologic grief syndromes; preliminary reports suggest that these specific grief
      syndromes require specific interventions. The presentation of a nonresponsive
      case illustrates the clinical application and limitation of a revised strategy of
      treatment. The development and maintenance of formative imagery and symbols is of
      crucial support to the patient and therapist.

PMID- 3684752
TI  - [Painful amputation stump].

PMID- 3684751
TI  - Treating depressions of bereavement with antidepressants. A pilot study.
AB  - Seven of 10 bereaved, depressed spouses had moderate to marked improvement of
      depressive symptoms during a 4-week open trial of tricyclic antidepressants.
      Several considerations suggested that this was a response in large part to the
      pharmacologic intervention and not simply to a therapeutic relationship. The
      application of antidepressants to treatment of the persistent major depressive
      syndromes observed late in the course of bereavement should be studied in
      systematic, controlled studies with larger samples. This is an important clinical
      issue given the high risk of prolonged depressive syndromes in acutely bereaved
      spouses.

PMID- 3684753
TI  - [Effect of preventive administration of antibiotics on the incidence of local
      infection after surgical treatment of bone fractures].

PMID- 3684754
TI  - [Arm function in patients with quadriplegia after spinal cord injuries].

PMID- 3684755
TI  - [Clinical and radiculographic correlations in conservatively treated patients
      with sciatica].

PMID- 3684756
TI  - [Pharmacologic methods of controlling muscle spasticity].

PMID- 3684757
TI  - [Fractures in fibrous dysplasia of bone].

PMID- 3684758
TI  - [Difficulties in the diagnosis of Paget's disease of bone].

PMID- 3684759
TI  - [The blast transformation test and the Multitest CMI in evaluating nonspecific
      immunologic reactivity in patients with cancer of the larynx].

PMID- 3684760
TI  - [Retrospective evaluation of the results of treatment of pharyngeal cancer with
      Co-60 radioisotopes with reference to prognosis].

PMID- 3684761
TI  - [Use of metoclopramide and dexamethasone in preventing vomiting associated with
      antineoplastic chemotherapy].

PMID- 3684762
TI  - [A simple method of measuring serum sialic acid level as a neoplasm marker].

PMID- 3684763
TI  - [Primary liver cancer (data of the Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Warsaw
      1970-1984)].

PMID- 3684764
TI  - [A case of primary cancer of three sites: colon, lung and kidney].

PMID- 3684765
TI  - [Blood platelets and asthma and other lung diseases].

PMID- 3684766
TI  - [Acetylation phenotype in atopic diseases].

PMID- 3684767
TI  - [Effect of troxerutin on bronchial spasm induced by inhalation of a specific
      allergen and on the neutrophil activity in patients with atopic bronchial
      asthma].

PMID- 3684768
TI  - [Serum levels of immunoglobulins A, D, G and M and IgA in the saliva of children
      with recurrent infections of the respiratory tract].

PMID- 3684769
TI  - [Various parameters of hemostasis in lung neoplasms].

PMID- 3684770
TI  - [Harmful substances in the tobacco smoke of Polish and Finnish cigarettes in
      1983. Comparative analysis].

PMID- 3684771
TI  - [On free radicals in medicine].

PMID- 3684772
TI  - [Seromucoid cathode fractions in selected viral infections in children].

PMID- 3684773
TI  - [Role of anaerobic non-sporulating bacteria in infections of tissue and closed
      body spaces. Analysis of 624 clinical specimens].

PMID- 3684774
TI  - [Sensitivity of bacterial flora of the gastrointestinal tract to nifuroxazide].

PMID- 3684775
TI  - [Monitoring gentamicin and amikacin levels in the treatment of respiratory and
      urinary tract infections in children].

PMID- 3684776
TI  - [Gentamicin dosage in adults and children and its serum level].

PMID- 3684777
TI  - [Control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in the United
      States].

PMID- 3684778
TI  - Histogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma associated with AIDS: a histologic,
      immunohistochemical and enzyme histochemical study.
AB  - Twenty-one cases (25 biopsies including 9 frozen biopsies) of Kaposi's sarcoma
      associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) were examined
      immunohistochemically, lectin-histochemically, and enzyme histochemically to
      ascertain the histogenesis of the lesion. The Kaposi's sarcomas were
      histologically subtyped according to a modified Schmid's classification
      (granulation tissue-like-, angiosarcoma-like- and spindle cell type). In almost
      all lesions, many atypical vasoforming cells and at least some spindle cells
      without definite evidence of vasoformation by conventional microscopy were
      positive for factor VIII-related antigen, BMA 120 (a new monoclonal antibody to
      an endothelial cell-specific antigen), Ulex europaeus I (UEA-I), alkaline
      phosphatase and ATPase. Linear reaction products for BMA 120 and UEA-I,
      suggesting the luminal surface of immature vascular channels, were sometimes
      recognized in the positive spindle cells. Electron micrographs confirmed
      endothelial characteristics, such as irregular and fragmented but distinct basal
      lamina and numerous pinocytotic vesicles, in both the UEA-I- and ATPase-positive
      spindle cells. Among spindle cells negative for the endothelial markers, there
      were many macrophages as a stromal reaction to tumor tissue, identified by
      monoclonal antibodies to macrophages (KiM 6, 7, 8 and EBM 11), acid phosphatase
      and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase. The results of the immuno- and enzyme
      histochemical investigations did not correlate with the different histologic
      types of Kaposi's sarcoma. However, our results strongly suggest that tumor cells
      of Kaposi's sarcoma are derived from vascular endothelial cells rather than
      lymphatic endothelium.

PMID- 3684779
TI  - Non-thrombotic changes of fetal placental vessels in stillbirths. A qualitative
      and quantitative study.
AB  - A qualitative and quantitative microscopical examination of fetal stem vessels
      was performed in 50 placentas of stillborn infants and 50 normal controls. The
      vascular changes were morphologically similar in both groups, differences being
      only of quantitative nature. Subendothelial edema was more frequent in control
      placentas suggesting that it is not pathological. Subendothelial proliferation of
      smooth muscle cells prevailed in control and fresh stillbirths and could be due
      to arterial growth. Subendothelial proliferation of undifferentiated cells or
      fibrous and muscular tissues was more common in stillbirths. It occurred in most
      placentas of macerated stillbirths, but in fresh stillbirths the frequency was
      lower, though significantly higher than in controls. This thickening could
      represent the only reaction of placental vessels to fetal or maternal disease or
      cessation of fetal blood flow. Occlusion of the vascular lumen by fibrous and
      muscular tissues and vascular lumen divided by septa were present in the majority
      of the placentas of macerated stillbirths and rarely in fresh stillbirths,
      suggesting that in the macerated ones these changes were secondary to placental
      retention. The progressive collagenization of the media was the alteration most
      closely related to time of placental retention.

PMID- 3684780
TI  - Thrombosis of fetal placental vessels. A quantitative study in placentas of
      stillbirths.
AB  - Microscopical examination of 50 placentas of stillborn infants and 50 of normal
      infants (controls) was performed for detection of thrombosis in the stem fetal
      vessels. Fresh fibrin thrombi occurred with equal frequency in stillborns and
      normal infants, suggesting that these thrombi are not necessarily of pathological
      significance. In normal infants they might be related to clamping of the
      umbilical cord. In placentas of normal infants and of stillbirths with 1 day of
      placental retention (P.R.) organizing thrombi were rare and when occlusive they
      were related to avascular villi, which suggests that they were pre-mortem in
      origin. By contrast organizing thrombi were found in 78.5% of placentas of
      stillbirths with 2-7 days of P.R, where arterial occlusive thrombi were rarely
      associated with avascular villi. With over 7 days of P.R. they were almost fully
      organized. These findings suggest that most organizing thrombi in placental
      vessels of macerated stillbirths are probably post-mortem clots in process of
      organization by the still living placenta and should therefore not be attached
      pathological significance.

PMID- 3684781
TI  - The transitional polyp of the colorectal mucosa.
AB  - 45 cases of small polypoid lesions occurring in the colorectal mucosa free of
      inflammatory or neoplastic disease are presented. The lesions were removed at
      colonoscopy and displayed neither features of hyperplastic (metaplastic) polyps
      nor features of a neoplastic proliferation. Morphologically these small lesions
      were characterized by elongated and widened crypts, enlarged goblet cells with an
      increase in mucous production. Histochemically there was a reversion of the usual
      pattern of mucin production in the colorectal mucosa: an increase in sialomucin
      production and a decrease in sulfomucins. Thus these lesions demonstrate the same
      morphological and histochemical features as the transitional mucosa surrounding
      carcinoma and adenoma in the large bowel. These "transitional" polyps could
      represent an early step in the development of neoplastic processes in the
      colorectal mucosa and precede adenomas.

PMID- 3684782
TI  - Autochthonous prostate adenocarcinomas in Lobund-Wistar rats: a model system.
AB  - An experimental model system for autochthonous prostate adenocarcinoma (PA) has
      been developed in Lobund-Wistar (L-W) rats. Large primary PAs were induced in 31
      of 40 (77.5%) L-W rats within an average of 10.7 months after a single dose of
      methylnitrosourea (MNU) and subcutaneous implants of testosterone. Metastatic
      tumors had developed in over 60% of the tumor-bearing rats. In addition,
      localized in situ PAs had developed in 5 of the 40 test rats. At 14 months 50
      untreated L-W rats were free of demonstrable PAs. Two of 20 (10%) L-W rats
      developed PA at 14 months after inoculation of MNU alone. Six of 42 (14%) L-W
      rats developed PAs within 14 months after s.c. administration of testosterone
      implants. Thus, testosterone acted as a tumor promoter of PA for cells that had
      been initiated by MNU. The manifestations of the PAs in the L-W rats resembled
      many aspects of the counterpart disease in man.

PMID- 3684783
TI  - Response of glandular versus basal rat ventral prostatic epithelial cells to
      androgen withdrawal and replacement.
AB  - Light microscope autoradiography was utilized to investigate the separate
      proliferative activities of the basal and glandular cell types during androgen
      mediated restoration of the ventral prostatic epithelium in castrated rats. Our
      objective was to determine whether the proliferative population of the prostatic
      epithelium is restricted to the basal cell subtype under these experimental
      conditions. In the intact animal, substantial numbers of basal as well as
      glandular cells were found to be proliferating. The basal cell labeling index
      (LI) was 3.75% +/- 0.3% or 1.85 +/- 0.4 x 10(5) labeled cells per prostate. For
      the glandular cells the comparable figures were 0.38% and 3.32 +/- 1.5 x 10(5).
      Seven days after surgical castration, both subtypes persisted. However, only the
      numbers of glandular cells were found to be significantly reduced (66% decrease).
      When androgens were replaced by daily subcutaneous injection (testosterone
      propionate, 2 mg/0.2 ml sesame oil), both cell types responded with significantly
      increased proliferation. The temporal pattern of response displayed by each cell
      type was very similar. A greater proportion of basal than glandular cells
      responded, ie, 28% vs 11% LI. However, in terms of approximate numbers of cells
      labeled during the peak response, the value for the glandular cells was larger,
      ie, 2.4 vs 1.1 x 10(6) labeled cells. These data clearly indicate that under
      normal conditions as well as during testosterone stimulation, basal cells are not
      the sole population of proliferating cells in the prostatic epithelium. Thus,
      basal cells, as a distinct morphologic population, are not homogeneously
      undifferentiated stem cells which give rise to differentiated and
      nonproliferating glandular epithelial cells. Aspects of these data can
      nevertheless be interpreted to support the idea that the prostatic epithelium is
      maintained by a single cell lineage system in which the stem cells comprise a
      subpopulation of the basal cells. Alternatively, the two populations may be
      separate and distinct as no data are presented which unequivocally links the two
      cell types in a precursor-progeny relationship.

PMID- 3684784
TI  - Interaction of male and female sex hormones in cultured rat prostate.
AB  - The organ culture of the rat ventral prostate was chosen as a model to determine
      whether any of the estrogen effects in vivo on the prostate are direct and
      expressed at the hormone concentrations normally found in the male. During 2
      weeks of culture, estradiol at the high concentration of 10(-5) M blocked the
      androgenic activation of [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA. The inhibition was
      localized in epithelium. Protein content of testosterone-treated explants and the
      accumulation of prostatein in the medium were considerably decreased, indicating
      inhibition of secretion. Antiandrogenic effects were not seen in morphology of
      estrogen-treated explants. The lower concentrations (from 10(-9) M to 10(-6) M)
      of estradiol increased the volume density of epithelium from day 7 onwards. The
      height of epithelium was concomitantly increased. The volume density of
      epithelium as well as the percentage of acini with metaplastic changes were
      significantly increased. These epithelial changes were less pronounced in the
      presence of androgen, suggesting that physiological concentrations of androgen
      prevent the expression of estrogen action in the morphology of the prostate. A
      change in staining with peanut (PNA)- and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-lectins
      indicated defective secretory capacity in metaplastic epithelium. In spite of the
      increased protein content in the explants, no constant pattern of the changes in
      prostatein accumulation could be recorded. Although the concentrations of
      estrogen required to induce squamous metaplasia were still unphysiological, the
      occurrence of this abnormal differentiation of the prostatic epithelium suggests
      that the cooperative action of estrogen is involved in androgen-dependent normal
      epithelial growth and possibly also in promoting growth of prostatic neoplasia.

PMID- 3684785
TI  - Cell proliferation studies in the rat prostate: II. The effects of castration and
      androgen-induced regeneration upon basal and secretory cell proliferation.
AB  - The changes over short and prolonged periods (up to three months) after
      castration on the proliferative activity of basal and secretory epithelial cells
      in the rat prostate were studied. Although castration induced widespread
      apoptosis of the secretory cells, no compensatory hyperplasia of the basal cells
      in response to this was noted. Instead, observations of the cell kinetics and
      ultrastructure suggested that both the basal and secretory cells entered a
      quiescent state as a result of castration. The proliferative potential of
      secretory cells was not diminished up to three months after castration. During
      androgen-induced regeneration of the prostate the pattern of basal and secretory
      cell proliferation was found to be similar to that observed during normal growth,
      although it was more rapid and of shorter duration.

PMID- 3684786
TI  - Androgen dependence of the Dunning R3327G cell line in monolayer culture.
AB  - For optimal application of new treatment strategies for prostate cancer, the
      basic biologic effects of androgens on cell kinetics and DNA synthesis require
      detailed examination. An androgen-responsive prostate cancer cell line in
      monolayer culture provides a means to study the biochemical mechanisms mediating
      hormonal stimulation of cell proliferation. We chose to evaluate the
      proliferative response of the Dunning R3327G tumor cell line (Du-G cells) to 5
      alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in monolayer culture. The DU-G cells grew more
      rapidly in the presence of increasing concentrations of DHT in the range of 10(
      8)-10(-5) M than with vehicle control. At 10(-7) M DHT, 3H-thymidine
      incorporation increased from 400 +/- 34 counts/min/well to 751 +/- 77 (p less
      than .01). Effects of DHT were maximal when a plating density of 10,000
      cells/well was employed. Androgen effects on cellular growth were reproducible
      but were limited in magnitude. Rapid metabolism of DHT in culture did not explain
      this phenomenon. Du-G cells were not completely dependent on androgen, since
      cells continued to grow in media containing less than 10(-11) M
      dihydrotestosterone and hydroxyflutamide.

PMID- 3684787
TI  - Limb salvage: radical resection of a pelvic bone tumor: report of two cases.

PMID- 3684788
TI  - AML bipolar arthroplasty for degenerative hip arthritis.
AB  - Primary total hip arthroplasty using an uncemented AML porous coated femoral
      component and a bipolar acetabular component was performed on 50 consecutive
      patients with degenerative arthritis. Of the 50 patients, 43 (48 hips) were
      available for review at 2 to 3 years follow up. The data obtained in this review
      suggest that total hip arthroplasty using this prosthesis provides a consistently
      reliable hip replacement with few related complications and a high patient
      satisfaction rate. A stable radiographic appearance of both the femoral and
      acetabular components can be expected.

PMID- 3684789
TI  - Concurrent variation of burning phantom limb and stump pain with near surface
      blood flow in the stump.
AB  - Thermographic recordings of body temperature were performed on 30 consecutive
      amputees who reported stump and/or phantom limb pain. Each subject participated
      in between two and four recording sessions. Whenever possible, subjects came for
      recording sessions when their pain intensity was different from that of previous
      sessions. We found that a consistent inverse relationship occurred between
      intensity of pain and stump temperature relative to that of the intact limb for
      burning, throbbing, and tingling descriptions of both phantom and stump pain.
      Heat emanating from the limbs is an accurate reflection of near-surface blood
      flow. For subjects giving these descriptions of pain, tensing the limb was
      followed by a decrease in blood flow and an increase in pain. Neither of these
      relationships held for other descriptions of either phantom or stump pain.

PMID- 3684790
TI  - Long-term results of valgus tibial osteotomy.
AB  - Valgus tibial osteotomy is a well-recognized procedure for medial compartment
      arthritis of the knee. The femorotibial angle must be adequately realigned; most
      unsatisfactory outcomes result from undercorrection. This study of 27 patients
      (38 knees) with a valgus tibial osteotomy for unicompartmental arthritis of the
      knee emphasizes the importance of correct alignment. Alignment outside the
      acceptable range did accelerate deterioration in these patients, followed for an
      average of 53 months. In 25 of the 38 knees (66%) results were good to excellent.
      An alignment of 6 degrees or more of valgus produced an excellent to good result
      in 21 of 23 knees (91%). Alignment of less than 6 degrees of valgus yielded
      excellent to good results in 4 of 15 knees (27%). Although at the end of one
      year, 31 of the 38 knees were rated as excellent to good, these knees
      progressively deteriorated. The knees in 6 degrees or more of valgus seldom
      deteriorated while those in less than 6 degrees of valgus deteriorated more
      frequently. A valgus tibial osteotomy is an excellent procedure provided the
      tibiofemoral angle is realigned to 6 degrees or more of valgus.

PMID- 3684791
TI  - Post-traumatic arthrosis of the index carpometacarpal joint. A rationale for
      treatment and report of two cases.
AB  - Although a relatively rare entity, post-traumatic arthrosis of the
      carpometacarpal joint of the index finger can be a disabling problem. Its
      diagnosis must be differentiated from other sources of local pathology. A
      rationale to the diagnosis and treatment of this entity is presented,
      demonstrating the usefulness of test injections of xylocaine, an intra-articular
      injection of a steroid preparation when a relatively congruous joint exists, and
      arthrodesis of the joint when an incongruous joint is encountered.

PMID- 3684792
TI  - Total hip arthroplasty. Can the patient play sports again?
AB  - To analyze the effect of athletic involvement on total hip replacements, a
      questionnaire was sent to all of our total hip patients with at least a 3-year
      follow up. Patients were asked to list the type, degree, and frequency of sports
      participation before and after surgery, along with any problems they encountered
      upon returning to active sports. The patients who responded were then placed in
      one of two groups, participant or non-participant, for each sport we encountered,
      and were statistically compared with respect to clinical analysis. The population
      showed a significant decrease in all forms of activity after surgery, except
      bicycling; yet more returned to an active sport than did not. No correlation
      existed between involvement in a sport and the variables we tested. We concluded
      that intelligent participation in activities such as walking, golf, or bowling
      where no excess load was placed on the total hip, had no influence on the outcome
      of a total hip replacement.

PMID- 3684793
TI  - Tibial plateau fractures.
AB  - Certain factors in tibial plateau fractures that lead to increased disability may
      be avoided by following the objectives of articular surface restoration, good
      internal fixation, early knee motion, strengthening exercises, and soft-tissue
      repair. In some types of fractures, traumatic arthritis may be unavoidable.

PMID- 3684794
TI  - Radiologic case study. Stress fracture of the inferior pubic ramus.

PMID- 3684795
TI  - Consultation corner. Discitis.

PMID- 3684796
TI  - External fixation pin: an in vitro general investigation.
AB  - Surgical drilling and pin insertion can lead to mechanical and thermic damage of
      the bone. A methodology giving reproducible in vitro records of insertion and
      holding parameters of threaded implants is presented. Both drilling and tapping
      are related to the cutting technology. To understand the basic principles of the
      cutting technology some important parameters of drilling and tapping of an
      external fixation pin are defined. A bone model was selected based on specific
      mechanical and thermal properties of the bone tissue. In addition, a specific
      instrumentation was designed in order to compare the insertion characteristics
      and the anchorage of different pins. Electronic scanning microscopy of the
      samples was systematically performed to evaluate the quality of the bone thread.
      The in vitro measurements of the shearing torque and the pull-out force are
      representative of the immediate holding power of a pin. The different holding
      parameters were then correlated. Temperature measurements were performed during
      drilling, smooth part penetration (transfixing pins), tapping, and screwing. The
      final objective of the study was to develop new threaded implants with better
      biomechanical characteristics.

PMID- 3684797
TI  - Activity, air boots, and aspirin as thromboembolism prophylaxis in knee
      arthroplasty. A multiple regimen approach.
AB  - In this prospective study 90 patients underwent 100 total knee replacements. Each
      patient walked and practiced rehabilitation exercises one day preoperatively and
      the morning of surgery. The contralateral calf was intermittently pumped during
      surgery followed by bilateral pulsatile calf compression postoperatively. Aspirin
      was administered in the recovery room and continued 600 mg twice a day until
      discharge. Early activity and ambulation postoperatively were expected. Routine
      deep venous thrombosis screening tests were not performed. No physiologically
      significant postoperative venous thrombosis on any of these patients were
      observed. A Doppler test was performed on eight patients, venogram on two
      patients, and V/Q lung scan on two patients in whom a thromboembolic disease
      problem was clinically suspected. All of these tests were negative except for one
      V/Q scan.

PMID- 3684798
TI  - High vacuum as a method of reducing porosity of polymethylmethacrylate.
AB  - In total hip arthroplasty, fracture and subsequent premature loosening are
      directly related to the strength of the cement mantle serving as an interface
      between bone and prosthesis. The cement has been shown to be weakened by its
      porosity, which enhances the formation of microfractures that contribute to crack
      propagation. By means of a vacuum mixing method for preparing the cement, nearly
      all the porosity can be removed and cement strength enhanced by about 17%.

PMID- 3684799
TI  - Animals in biomedical research.

PMID- 3684800
TI  - A new technique for the intraoperative determination of acetabular anteversion.

PMID- 3684801
TI  - Computed tomography of a meniscal cyst.
AB  - A meniscal cyst of the knee is a rare lesion, and a palpable large meniscal cyst
      is even more rare. This article suggests that CT scan demonstrates clear
      location, size, contents, and connection of the cyst with meniscus and peripheral
      tissue. By a combination of arthrography and CT scan, detection of the cysts in
      zone 3 (parameniscal area) is possible with ample demonstration of whether the
      cyst is associated with a meniscal tear. This provides a guideline in determining
      the treatment of the lesion.

PMID- 3684802
TI  - Bilateral rupture of extensor pollicis longus. A case report.
AB  - Bilateral rupture of the extensor pollicis longus tendon is a rare entity. Most
      case studies in the literature have been reported in patients with an underlying
      systemic condition such as rheumatoid arthritis or following an episode of
      trauma. An interesting and unusual case is presented and theories concerning
      etiology, various operative techniques, and recent cases in the literature are
      discussed.

PMID- 3684803
TI  - Hibernoma. A case report.
AB  - Hibernoma is a rare soft-tissue tumor clinically presenting as a firm, freely
      movable, nontender mass, most commonly in the interscapular region. It is slow
      growing and usually asymptomatic. Examination of the overlying skin may
      demonstrate evidence of hypervascularity. On gross examination, the tumor is
      encapsulated and highly vascular, with its color varying from tan to reddish
      brown. Microscopic examination is usually diagnostic, demonstrating the
      characteristic multivacuolated oval or polygonal cells. Because of its benign
      character, treatment consists of simple excision. This article describes a case
      of a patient with hibernoma.

PMID- 3684804
TI  - Ruptured ulnar collateral ligament.

PMID- 3684805
TI  - Arthroscopy education.
AB  - The recent advances in technology, widespread use of arthroscopy in essentially
      any joint, combined with public awareness, has increased the demand on
      orthopedists to become proficient in arthroscopy. The orthopedic literature is
      essentially void of information regarding arthroscopic education for either
      residents or clinicians. This article presents a description of an arthroscopy
      lab for instruction in noninvasive surgical techniques. This laboratory set-up is
      adaptable to any institution at modest cost and within minimal space constraints.

PMID- 3684806
TI  - Radiologic case study. Neuropathic osteoarthropathy.
AB  - Diabetic osteoarthropathy is the most common neuropathic condition seen
      clinically in the foot. It can develop rapidly with a time course of weeks to
      months. Soft tissue swelling and erythema with deformity are noted clinically,
      usually with decreased pain sensation. However, it is important to realize that
      these patients frequently do have pain; it may only be disproportionate to the
      degree of injury. Radiographic diagnosis can predate clinical suspicion and is
      based on recognizing the resorptive and the productive patterns of the
      osteoarthropathy. Often, the first clue is recognizing the radiographic features
      of joint instability. Remembering that overt trauma may precipitate neuropathic
      osteoarthropathy will also help its recognition in the follow up of fractures.

PMID- 3684807
TI  - Pathologic features of gastrointestinal tract lesions in childhood-onset systemic
      lupus erythematosus: study of 26 patients, with review of the literature.
AB  - A review of the gastrointestinal tracts of 26 autopsied cases of childhood-onset
      systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE) showed the single most common pathologic
      finding to be chronic nonspecific mucosal infiltration (96%). The most frequent
      general category was ischemic bowel lesions, attributable to vascular lesions of
      SLE (60%) or to nonocclusive causes of circulatory insufficiency such as
      congestive heart failure, uremia, or shock (40%). Complications of ischemic bowel
      lesions included secondary invasion by opportunistic organisms such as Candida (9
      patients), pneumatosis intestinalis (1), and perforation of a gastroesophageal
      ulcer (1). Colonic ulcers, clearly ischemic in etiology, were noted in 6
      patients, none of whom had other bowel lesions resembling those of Crohn's
      disease or ulcerative colitis. Other relevant findings included ascites (88%),
      peritoneal inflammation or fibrosis (42%), upper esophageal skeletal muscle fiber
      atrophy (8%), heterotopic calcification of gastric mucosa (12%), and severe
      intestinal mucus inspissation (4%). Correlations between the various lesions and
      clinical manifestations, and possible etiologic and pathogenetic mechanisms of
      these lesions, are discussed.

PMID- 3684808
TI  - Arteriopathy in children with acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
AB  - Pathologic features of the arteries of different organs (heart, lungs, kidneys,
      spleen, intestine, brain) seen at autopsy in 6 children with acquired immune
      deficiency syndrome (AIDS) are described. Small and medium-sized arteries, which
      were the most commonly involved, showed intimal fibrosis with fragmentation of
      elastic tissue, fibrosis and calcification of media with variable luminal
      narrowing, and a vasculitis or perivasculitis that was seen only in the brain in
      association with AIDS encephalopathy. In 1 case aneurysms of the right coronary
      artery with thrombosis and myocardial infarction were seen. Vascular
      inflammation, seen only in the brain, may be related to the agent associated with
      AIDS encephalopathy. The fibrocalcific arterial lesions most closely resemble
      idiopathic arterial calcification of infancy, but because of differences in age
      incidence, clinicopathologic and immunologic features, and the size and
      distribution of the involved arteries, the arterial lesions of pediatric AIDS
      appear to constitute a distinctive arteriopathy. Infection, secondary to
      immunodeficiency and resulting in increased exposure to endogenous and exogenous
      elastases, may be the pathogenesis. Luminal narrowing caused by arterial lesions
      may play a contributory role in the pathogenesis of the atrophy, cell depletion,
      scarring, and necrosis or infarction found in organs of children with AIDS.
      Pediatricians should be alerted to the possibility of arterial involvement in
      pediatrics AIDS.

PMID- 3684809
TI  - Metastasizing chordoma in early childhood: a pathological and immunohistochemical
      study with review of the literature.
AB  - A 2 1/2-year-old female with a sphenooccipital-vertebral chordoma presented with
      neck pain, torticollis, fever, a lytic lesion of C2 vertebra, and bilateral
      nodular infiltrates in the lung. The lung biopsy revealed multiple tumor emboli
      by an enigmatic epithelioid-appearing neoplasm with immunohistochemical staining
      for vimentin, cytokeratin, and epithelial membrane antigen. A thorough
      roentgenographic evaluation disclosed a destructive, prepontine mass in the
      region of the clivus, erosion of the odontoid process, and compression of the
      cervical spinal cord. The patient died after a clinical course of 3 months. We
      identified 16 additional cases of metastasizing chordomas in the pediatric-age
      population; this case is the first to our knowledge with pathologically
      documented pulmonary metastasis at presentation.

PMID- 3684810
TI  - Abstracts: Proceedings of the group sessions of the British Paediatric Pathology
      Association. 1st annual meeting. April 7-10, 1987, York, England.

PMID- 3684811
TI  - Sudden death in hydrocephalic spina bifida aperta patients.
AB  - Twelve patients of 146 hydrocephalic spina bifida aperta patients, treated with a
      ventricular drainage system, died suddenly. In 7 of them the cause of death was
      most probably related to the use of a ventriculovascular shunt, causing pulmonary
      embolism. Thromboembolic complications were not seen in the 26 hydrocephalic
      spina bifida patients treated with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. In 4 other
      patients shunt malfunction was considered as the cause of sudden death. The case
      reports of these 11 patients are presented. Pathophysiological mechanisms are
      discussed and measures for prevention of these two potentially lethal
      complications are described.

PMID- 3684812
TI  - Venous malformation mimicking a posterior fossa tumor in a young child.
AB  - Symptomatic venous malformations are uncommon at any age. They are extremely rare
      in the first decade of life. We describe a 3.5-year-old child with a cerebellar
      venous malformation presenting with a subacute course mimicking the more common
      posterior fossa tumors. The child's symptoms were due to a posterior fossa
      hemorrhage; she subsequently did well. The clinical, CT, angiographic, and
      pathologic features are described. Venous malformations should be included in the
      differential diagnosis of young children with evidence of posterior fossa
      disease.

PMID- 3684813
TI  - Anterior spinal artery syndrome. Report of seven cases in childhood.
AB  - The diagnosis of the anterior spinal artery syndrome can be reached with fair
      certainly by thorough clinical examination and knowledge of the underlying
      neuroanatomy. Sudden onset of para- or quadripareses, and dissociated sensory
      loss are the headmarks. Seven cases are reported who all had this diagnosis. The
      etiology is discussed with special reference to the possibility of a traumatic
      origin. The prognosis is variable, in spite of considerable initial impairment
      restitution in certain cases can be very good. Proposals for investigations are
      given.

PMID- 3684814
TI  - Dandy-Walker syndrome and associated anomalies.
AB  - This is a retrospective study of 28 infants and children with Dandy-Walker
      syndrome: 16 had a complete postmortem examination and 12 are currently being
      followed clinically. Eleven of sixteen in the first category had hydrocephalus;
      10 of those 11 had other central nervous system malformations, and 6 also had
      visceral anomalies. Four of the five without hydrocephalus had complex cardiac
      malformations and other visceral anomalies whereas 1 died as a consequence of
      acute myelogenous leukemia. The 12 children still under surveillance manifest no
      clinical evidence of significant visceral or central nervous system malformation,
      although 1 has CT scan evidence of agenesis of the corpus callosum. The majority
      (9/12) of these children have normal intelligence although 40% have focal
      neurologic deficits or gait abnormalities and 60% have an abnormal EEG. Frequent
      association of other malformations and/or visceral anomalies in children with
      Dandy-Walker syndrome make it difficult to propose a unifying hypothesis relative
      to embryogenesis of the syndrome.

PMID- 3684815
TI  - Dandy-Walker syndrome revisited.
AB  - The Dandy-Walker syndrome is said to be associated with a high incidence of
      mental retardation and motor dysfunction leading some to suggest termination of
      the affected fetus in utero. Since this view seemed contrary to our experience,
      we reviewed 19 patients with the Dandy-Walker syndrome diagnosed from 1966 to
      1983. Thirteen patients with Dandy-Walker syndrome were diagnosed before 6 months
      of age and followed for more than 2 years (mean: 10 years). In the absence of
      other associated major abnormalities, 7 of 8 (88%) are functioning well and have
      attended regular schools. Two of these seven have had special help with isolated
      learning problems. None of these patients have significant motor disability. One
      additional patient with normal intellectual and motor function died of acute
      shunt malfunction. In the remaining 4 patients with Dandy-Walker-associated
      abnormalities, 3 (75%) have severe intellectual retardation and spastic cerebral
      palsy. Five of six patients (83%) with Dandy-Walker syndrome diagnosed after 6
      months of age are normal. The outcome of patients with Dandy-Walker syndrome
      appears far better than previously reported.

PMID- 3684816
TI  - Correlation between delta and spindle components in compressed spectral array
      during nocturnal sleep in mentally retarded children.
AB  - The correlation between the delta and spindle components in compressed spectral
      array in 96 mentally retarded children (from 3 months to 12 years of age) was
      studied throughout nocturnal sleep. In 57 (59.4%, group A) of 96 subjects,
      periodic changes of delta and spindle rhythm powers were noted in sleep EEG. In
      29 subjects (30.2% group B), delta but not spindle rhythm powers were found, and
      in the remaining 10 subjects (10.4%, group C) neither delta nor spindle rhythm
      powers were found throughout nocturnal sleep. A significant increase in abnormal
      clinical EEG was found in groups B and C as compared with group A. A significant
      decrease in the developmental quotient (DQ) was found in groups B and C as
      compared with group A. A significant decrease in DQ was also found in group C as
      compared with group B.

PMID- 3684817
TI  - Medical genetics for clinicians. 2. Prenatal diagnosis, teratogens, oncogenes.

PMID- 3684818
TI  - Diet for cystic fibrosis. Nutritional requirements and prescriptions.
AB  - Diet plays no direct role in neutralizing the effects of the basic defect in
      cystic fibrosis, but it can prevent some of the acquired damage caused by
      complications. Adequate caloric intake provides the energy needed for exercise
      and cell metabolism, a strong diaphragm, normal cellular immunity, and a positive
      psychological outlook. Clinical management is aimed at achieving good nutrition.
      Patient education about nutrition and use of dietary supplements should be
      started immediately upon diagnosis. Careful clinical examinations and regular
      follow-up are necessary to detect complications that will interfere with good
      nutrition. Complications must be treated aggressively. Psychological and social
      stresses need to be recognized, and psychological referral may be necessary. The
      clinician's best tools to achieve these goals are the patient's dietary and
      gastrointestinal history, the anthropometric measurements taken at each office
      visit, regular patient assessment, and constant attention to detail in monitoring
      and charting the course of disease. Extraordinary measures, such as nighttime
      feedings by nasogastric or gastrostomy tube and intravenous hyperalimentation,
      may be necessary. For best results, these measures must be started before
      pulmonary complications threaten survival.

PMID- 3684819
TI  - Methanol poisoning. How to recognize and treat a deadly intoxication.
AB  - Methanol poisoning is a relatively rare but extremely hazardous form of
      intoxication that can result in blindness or death. Most cases of poisoning occur
      by gastrointestinal absorption, but methanol (methyl alcohol) can also be
      absorbed into the body by respiratory and dermal routes. Methanol is produced
      from the destructive distillation of wood and is a common component of paints,
      varnishes, antifreeze solutions, and various solvents. A physician's awareness of
      the early symptoms, toxicology, and treatment of this condition and of settings
      in which poisoning often occurs can avert a disastrous outcome.

PMID- 3684820
TI  - Psyllium-induced asthma. Occupational exposure in a nurse.

PMID- 3684822
TI  - Tattoo removal.

PMID- 3684821
TI  - Bowel ischemia and infarction. Chronic and acute causes of abdominal pain.
AB  - Bowel ischemia and infarction are diseases primarily of, but not confined to, the
      elderly. Insidiously developing bowel ischemia may mimic more common
      gastrointestinal disturbances, such as peptic ulcer disease or malignancy, and go
      undiagnosed for long periods. Bowel infarction is a catastrophic event: Mortality
      rates approach 90%. Chronic intestinal ischemia may precede infarction, or
      infarction may occur with no warning. Laboratory and radiologic studies have
      minimal value in diagnosis of these disorders. A high index of suspicion must be
      maintained in patients complaining of abdominal pain if these diagnoses are to be
      made promptly.

PMID- 3684823
TI  - Alcohol withdrawal treatment.

PMID- 3684825
TI  - Use of smokeless tobacco is condemned.

PMID- 3684824
TI  - Diagnosis of paradoxical embolism.

PMID- 3684826
TI  - Hypothermia. Lifesaving procedures.
AB  - Hypothermia is a preventable disorder that is being seen with increasing
      frequency in the United States. Awareness of the process decreases the likelihood
      of development and also the possibility that its presence will go undetected.
      Severe hypothermia is a medical emergency, but the patient often recovers fully
      with careful, aggressive treatment that includes active core rewarming when
      necessary.

PMID- 3684827
TI  - Nasal fractures. What to do for a successful outcome.
AB  - Nasal trauma is common in both children and adults. Most nasal fractures are
      easily reduced and do not result in long-term discomfort or disfigurement.
      However, care must be taken to avoid delay of treatment, especially in children,
      and to identify any associated cervical, paranasal, or intracranial injuries.
      Septal hematomas are not uncommon following nasal fracture and should be treated
      as soon as detected. The most common long-term sequela of nasal trauma is septal
      deviation with partial obstruction of the airway.

PMID- 3684828
TI  - Fever in the young infant--an intensive approach.

PMID- 3684829
TI  - Effects of alcoholism on brain size.

PMID- 3684830
TI  - Effect of prostaglandin E1 on deposition of autologous labelled platelets onto
      human atherosclerotic lesions in vivo.
AB  - The effects of infusions of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on platelet deposition at
      atherosclerotic sites in vivo in man have been examined. Thirteen patients with
      atherosclerotic vascular disease received intravenous PGE1 25 mg/kg/min for 6
      hours daily for 5 days. Prostaglandin E1 had no effect on platelet uptake at
      atherosclerotic sites but prolonged platelet half-life significantly (P less than
      0.001).

PMID- 3684831
TI  - Calcium and calcitonin responses to calcium infusion in type I diabetes mellitus.
AB  - We studied calcium and calcium and calcitonin responses to intravenous calcium
      infusion (3 mg of elemental calcium/kg of body weight in 10 minutes) in 21 type I
      diabetic males and 17 age-matched normal males. Baseline total calcium,
      parathyroid hormone and calcitonin levels were normal in the diabetic group, but
      ionized calcium was lowered. Cortical bone status and osteocalcin levels were
      normal, suggesting a normal osteoblastic function. Total calcium and ionized
      calcium responses to calcium infusion were lowered in the diabetic group. Despite
      these lowered calcaemic responses, calcitonin secretion was normal.

PMID- 3684832
TI  - Primary malignant neoplasms associated with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.
AB  - The relationship between chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and primary
      malignant neoplasms was evaluated using data from the Hematology Division in
      Beilinson Medical Center and the Israel Cancer Registry. The study population
      consisted of 81 patients diagnosed between 1962 and 1984. A total of 16 patients
      were found to have 21 malignant neoplasms in addition to their CLL. Excluding
      patients with nonmelanoma skin tumours, a 1.7 increased risk (statistically not
      significant) for developing second malignant neoplasms in CLL patients was
      detected. The only tumour which occurred significantly more than expected
      subsequent to CLL diagnosis was brain cancer. The coexistence of multiple cancers
      in the same patient was diagnosed in four of the patients. The results of this
      study further support the hypothesis that patients with CLL are prone to develop
      second neoplasms.

PMID- 3684833
TI  - 'Neutropenia' in black west Indians.
AB  - A prospective case control study routine haematological parameters was conducted
      in 294 healthy Black and White age/sex-matched subjects. The most important
      finding relevant to clinical practice was a reduction of total white cell count
      in Blacks due mainly to reduced neutrophil numbers. Twenty-one percent of sickle
      negative Blacks had white cell counts below the lowest value seen in Whites. The
      haemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte mean cell volume and monocyte count were
      also significantly lower amongst Blacks though lymphocyte counts were higher. The
      racial differences in haemoglobin and white count were not accounted for by
      differences in smoking and drinking habits. They were also found when Blacks with
      sickle cell trait were compared to age/sex-matched Whites and in others taking
      the oral contraceptive pill. Awareness of racial group should aid interpretation
      of routine tests and avoid unnecessary investigation of normal 'neutropenic'
      Blacks.

PMID- 3684834
TI  - Supraclavicular lymphadenopathy.

PMID- 3684835
TI  - Familial dysalbuminaemic hyperthyroxinaemia.
AB  - Familial dysalbuminaemic hyperthyroxinaemia (FDH) can be confused with
      thyrotoxicosis if clinical signs and laboratory tests are misinterpreted. We
      describe three members of the same family with FDH who were erroneously treated
      for thyrotoxicosis. Screening of other family members resulted in the discovery
      of a further six patients at risk of being misdiagnosed as thyrotoxic. Clinical
      and biochemical findings relevant to the diagnosis of FDH are discussed.

PMID- 3684836
TI  - Surgical complications of amyloid disease.
AB  - The case of a man with primary systemic amyloidosis without myelomatosis and long
      term survival is described. The patient has had major surgical complications from
      large amyloid deposits in the colon, dorsal spine and peritoneal cavity. The
      patient remains well 14 years after diagnosis.

PMID- 3684837
TI  - Bronchobiliary fistula due to acute cholecystitis in a suprahepatic gall bladder.
AB  - We describe a patient presenting with painless jaundice, anorexia and pruritus.
      The gall bladder was found to be lying above and behind a hypoplastic right lobe
      of liver. There was no evidence of cholangitis or biliary obstruction. The
      patient subsequently developed a bronchobiliary fistula with severe wheeze, cough
      and bile-stained sputum. Emergency percutaneous drainage of the gall bladder led
      to immediate cessation of bronchospasm and biloptysis, rendering the patient fit
      for definitive surgery.

PMID- 3684838
TI  - Benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis--25 years of follow-up.
AB  - Only 70 cases of recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis have been reported in the
      literature since the original description of this entity in 1959. The benign
      nature of the disease has been questioned, some authors suggesting progression to
      biliary cirrhosis. We report our follow-up of one such patient for over 25 years
      with no adverse physical consequences or histological deterioration. Sequential
      liver biopsies were obtained during this period. A conservative approach to
      diagnosis and treatment is therefore indicated.

PMID- 3684839
TI  - Disseminated mucormycosis presenting with acute renal failure.
AB  - An unusual presentation of disseminated mucormycosis as acute renal failure in a
      patient without any predisposing condition, is reported. The diagnosis was
      established at autopsy.

PMID- 3684840
TI  - Pubic osteomyelitis presenting as irritable hip.
AB  - Two cases of pubic osteomyelitis presenting as a painful hip are reported. In
      both cases the diagnosis was delayed by the unusual presentation and by the
      limited radiological investigation. Pubic osteomyelitis is rare in childhood but
      should be considered in the differential diagnosis of the 'irritable hip'.

PMID- 3684841
TI  - Membranous nephropathy caused by mercury-containing skin lightening cream.
AB  - A 46 year old woman developed membranous nephropathy following the use of a
      mercury-containing skin lightening cream. This association has not been reported
      in the literature for over a decade and apparently never from this country. It is
      important that clinicians are aware of this usually eminently treatable cause of
      the nephrotic syndrome as it is likely to be missed unless specifically enquired
      for.

PMID- 3684842
TI  - Profound hypotension after the first dose of ketanserin.
AB  - Two patients developed profound hypotension approximately one hour after taking
      an initial oral dose of ketanserin 40 mg. The reaction appeared similar to that
      reported with prazosin, and may have been due to the alpha 1-adrenoceptor
      antagonist action of ketanserin. Both patients were taking regular beta-blocker
      therapy, which may exacerbate such a reaction.

PMID- 3684843
TI  - Disseminated intravascular coagulation caused by the insecticide Propoxur.

PMID- 3684844
TI  - The immune response against pre-S2-encoded peptides and human serum albumin
      during hepatitis B virus infection.
AB  - Serum antibodies to human serum albumin (HSA) and its receptor structures (pre
      S2) on HBV/HBsAg particles of IgG class were measured in patients with naturally
      acquired immunity to hepatitis B, HBsAg carriers with chronic liver disease,
      'healthy' symptomless HBsAg carriers and controls. ELISA systems in which serum
      samples were diluted in 0.05 M PBS to give low protein concentrations followed by
      incubation at 4 degrees C were used. Anti-HSA and anti-pre-S2 were produced in
      patients during the acute phase of hepatitis B infection but were short-lived.
      The antibodies were absent in 'healthy' symptomless HBsAg carriers but present in
      the majority of HBsAg carriers with major liver disease. These results indicate
      that humoral immune responses of IgG class, normally initiated during the acute
      phase of HBV infection against the host 'self'-component HSA and/or its receptor
      structures, are down-regulated by immunological mechanisms while continuous
      production of these antibodies is associated with the pathogenesis of chronic HBV
      induced liver disease.

PMID- 3684845
TI  - Epidemiology and economic importance of hepatitis B in the Federal Republic of
      Germany.
AB  - Hepatitis is among the five most important notifiable infectious diseases in the
      Federal Republic of Germany where 15,000-20,000 new cases are reported annually.
      A total of 60,000 cases per year may actually occur when the presumed high
      incidence of unreported hepatitis is taken into consideration. Hepatitis B
      probably represents 35%-40% of these hepatitis cases. When considering the
      reported (7000/year) and unreported cases, 30,000 new infections may occur each
      year. Drug addicts with infection rates of over 80% and prison inmates with up to
      72% of hepatitis B markers are the most important risk groups as well as patients
      from haemodialysis units (60%), haemophiliacs, and newborns of mothers who are
      HBV carriers. Medical personnel, with an infection rate of 15%-26%, are at
      significantly greater risk than the general public. Hepatitis B results in
      enormous annual health costs. Calculations based on 30,000 new cases per year
      indicate that the costs for therapy, rehabilitation, as well as loss of work
      hours and income lie between 842 and 1113 million DM. The frequency of hepatitis
      B, its potential for temporary or prolonged health impairment, and the
      significant economic implications make it imperative to develop meaningful
      strategies for control.

PMID- 3684846
TI  - Growth patterns and conformation in broilers: influence of genotype and
      management on isometry of growth.
AB  - Log-linear regression equations of log-transformed weekly broiler growth data and
      allometric growth equations (in actual measure) were fitted with body weight as
      the predictor variable and shank length, keel length, breast width, and thigh
      width as response variables. Data were obtained on two commercial broiler
      genotypes (G1 and G2) reared on litter floor and in wire cages. Growth of each of
      the structural body components relative to growth of the body as a whole during a
      12-wk growth period was similar in both cage and floor-reared groups. Analysis of
      the 12-wk pooled data from both cage and floor groups indicated the occurrence of
      isometric growth of the shank and breast in G1 and of the breast only in G2 and
      allometric growth of the thigh and keel in both genotypes. When starter and
      finisher growth phases were considered separately, data showed growth patterns
      generally similar to those of the different body parameters in the 12-wk period.
      This suggests that characterization of individuals on the basis of relative
      growth response for selection purposes can be done equally accurately during any
      phase of growth.

PMID- 3684847
TI  - Selection for 8-week body weight in normal and dwarf chickens under different
      water/feed environments.
AB  - Normal and dwarf chickens fed either regular (.4%) or high (1.6%) salt diets were
      selected for four generations for high 8-wk body weight. Selection gains in body
      weight were greater in dwarf than in normal genotypes. Selections differentials,
      gains, and heritabilities were greater in lines selected under the .4% salt
      environment. When tested females were fed .4% salt diets, normal females from
      lines selected after being fed 1.6% salt diets had less fat than those from lines
      selected after being fed .4% salt diets. However, no differences were observed in
      dwarf females from the two selection environments.

PMID- 3684848
TI  - Body volume and density of live Coturnix quail and associated genetic
      relationships.
AB  - A device was developed for the nondestructive measure of body volume by air
      displacement. Two experiments were performed on Coturnix quail to determine the
      feasibility of using body density and volume of the live bird as criteria of
      selection for changing whole body lipid content. In Experiment 1,423 birds were
      used from three selected lines differing in adult weight. Three measurements of
      volume were taken on each bird. Repeatability of volume was consistently high for
      all line-sex subclasses, averaging .75. A phenotypic correlation of .55 was
      derived for body density and lipid content of the whole carcass. Estimates of
      heritabilities and genetic relationships for body density, volume and weight, and
      whole body lipid content were derived in Experiment 2 on 739 birds representing
      50 sires and 125 dams of a randombred population. Heritability of volume averaged
      over full and half-sibs and over sexes was high (.66). The average genetic
      correlation for volume and lipid content was .44. Heritabilities of density
      averaged .38 and were highly genetically correlated (.69) with lipid content,
      which had an average heritability of .35. Body weight was very highly heritable
      in the population (.82) and correlated genetically with body lipid (.60).

PMID- 3684849
TI  - Estimates of heritability for plasma very low density lipoprotein concentration
      and genetic correlations with lipid content, body volume, and density in Coturnix
      coturnix japonica.
AB  - Genetic parameters associated with very low density lipoprotein concentration
      (VLDL) in a randombred population of Coturnix were estimated. Associated traits
      were: body density, volume, and weight of the live bird, and lipid content of the
      whole carcass. A total of 739 progeny by 50 sires and 126 dams was the basis of
      the data. The VLDL was highly heritable (.52) and highly correlated with lipid
      content (greater than .50) but correlated to lesser degrees with body density
      (.24) and body volume (.20). The genetic correlation estimates between VLDL and
      body weight were small relative to their standard errors.

PMID- 3684850
TI  - Effects of pullet-stocking density on performance of laying hens.
AB  - Effects of cage-stocking density during the rearing period on three commercial
      strains housed in open and closed rearing and laying houses were examined in two
      experiments. Stocking densities in Experiment 1 were 311, 259, and 239 cm2 per
      bird and in Experiment 2 were 311, 259, and 222 cm2 per bird. In the rearing
      period, greater stocking densities significantly reduced feed intake and 18-wk
      body weight and increased age at 50% production. In the second experiment,
      mortality to 20 wk was higher among birds reared at 222 cm2 per bird compared to
      the less dense treatments. In the laying phase of the experiments, there were no
      differences among the treatments in number of eggs per bird housed, layer
      mortality or kilograms of feed consumed per kilograms of egg produced. Final (499
      days) body weight of hens reared at 222 cm2 per bird was significantly less than
      that of those in the other treatment groups. Egg weight of birds reared at 22 cm2
      per bird was significantly greater than that of birds reared at 311 cm2 per bird
      in Experiment 2. Calculated incomes over feed and chick costs were not different
      among the treatments in either experiment. A less rapid decline in egg production
      was noted among birds reared at the highest stocking density over the time of the
      experiment.

PMID- 3684851
TI  - Effects of body weight groupings on productivity, feather loss, and nervousness
      of caged hens.
AB  - Two experiments compared performance traits, feather loss, and nervousness of
      hens kept in contrasting homogeneous and heterogeneous body weight groupings. In
      addition, 15-day periods of daily uterine palpating vs nonpalpating for an egg in
      the uterus were compared for effects on egg production. Eighteen-wk-old pullets
      were weighed and characterized as light, medium, or heavy and housed in laying
      cages at 19 wk for a 50-wk production period. In Experiment 1, two hens were
      placed in each cage and there were three treatment groups: both light (L), mixed
      or 1 heavy and 1 light (X), and both heavy (H). In Experiment 2, three pullets
      were used per cage; a medium-weight group (M) was included and mixed cages
      included 1 heavy, 1 medium, and 1 light weight bird. In an ancillary experiment,
      50-wk-old hens were also palpated or not palpated for an egg in the uterus over a
      single 15-day period. Results indicated that differences that were present in
      initial body weight groups persisted over the 50-wk period in Experiments 1 and 2
      with no effect of weight grouping on body weight gain, egg production, and
      livability. Differences that were associated with weight groups were: age at
      sexual maturity, egg weight, egg mass, and nervousness score. No differences in
      mean feather scores were present among weight groups. Comparisons between
      individual hens of the same relative weight but kept in homogeneous or
      heterogeneous weight groups failed to indicate competitive advantages or
      disadvantages in egg production, feathering, and nervousness scores. No
      significant associations were found between nervousness scores of individual hens
      and other traits except for total body weight gain in Experiment 1, in which
      individuals that gained more were less nervous in the X groups (r = -.55).
      Palpating hens daily for two 15-day periods significantly increased hen-day egg
      production in Experiment 2 and nonsignificantly in Experiment 1, with no
      influence of palpation on hen-day egg production, egg weight, or egg mass in the
      ancillary experiment.

PMID- 3684852
TI  - Effect of lighting program and nutrition on reproductive performance of molted
      single comb White Leghorn hens.
AB  - Two adjoining rooms in a light-tight, fan-ventilated, insulated house were used
      for a study involving 320 Single Comb White Leghorn hens, 60 wk of age, placed
      two per cage. These hens were subjected to an induced molt which compared two
      lighting programs, two molt rations, two levels of total sulfur amino acids
      (TSAA), and two levels of ascorbic acid (AA) in a factorial arrangement. There
      were four treatments. Treatment 1 compared the Washington lighting program (WSU),
      consisting of an 8-h light photoperiod for 28 days beginning 7 days before fast
      with the North Carolina program (NCSU), consisting of a 24-h light photoperiod
      for 7 days prior to fast followed by 12 h light/day for 21 days. After 28 days,
      light duration was increased to 16 h/day in stages for both programs. Treatment 2
      consisted of feeding cracked corn (CC) or 16% protein molt ration (MR) for 2
      weeks: Treatment 3, feeding of 14% layer mash with either .60% or .65% TSAA; and
      Treatment 4, addition of either 0 or 50 ppm AA to the 14% layer mash. After
      molting, egg production was increased in the NCSU lighting program and .65% TSAA
      treatments. Feed conversion was improved by the NCSU lighting treatment. Deaths
      were fewer in diets with 50 ppm AA. Egg weight, specific gravity, and shell
      weight were not affected by any treatment. A significant light X molt diet
      interaction occurred due to better performance of MR birds compared with CC birds
      in the NCSU lighting program, whereas on the WSU lighting program, CC produced
      better performance. These data indicated that combining features of various molt
      programs may not produce optimum results.

PMID- 3684853
TI  - Physiological responses of chicken gut tissue to coccidial infection: comparative
      effects of Eimeria acervulina and Eimeria mitis on mucosal mass, carotenoid
      content, and brush border enzyme activity.
AB  - Broiler chicks, 3 to 4 wk of age, were inoculated with either Eimeria acervulina
      or E. mitis, and mucosal dry weights, brush border enzyme activities, and
      carotenoid contents as well as plasma carotenoid levels were measured at 3, 5,
      and 7 days postinoculation (PI). At 5 and 7 days PI mucosal dry weights, brush
      border enzyme activities, and carotenoid contents were significantly decreased at
      primary sites of infection (duodenum, E. acervulina; lower small intestine, E.
      mitis). In contrast, at sites remote from infection, mucosal dry weights and
      brush border enzyme activities were significantly increased above control values.
      However, mucosal carotenoid contents were significantly decreased. Between 5 and
      7 days PI mucosal renewal as signalled by increases in dry weight was accompanied
      by increases in brush border enzyme activities. However, mucosal carotenoid
      contents were further decreased. High correlations were found between plasma
      carotenoid levels and total mucosal carotenoids in control and coccidia-infected
      chicks, but not in 48-h-starved chicks. Infection with coccidia increased this
      correlation, and the increase with E. acervulina infection was significant. These
      data indicate that hyperplastic and renewing mucosal tissue is defective in
      absorbing carotenoids, and further, that there is no direct relationship between
      mucosal carotenoid content and brush border enzyme activities. Apparently
      carotenoids are not mobilized from body depots during the first week of coccidial
      infections as they are during 48-h starvation.

PMID- 3684854
TI  - Avian diuretic response to renal portal infusions of the mycotoxin citrinin.
AB  - Citrinin is a nephrotoxic mycotoxin produced by common molds. Previous research
      has shown that citrinin causes increased urine flow, increased free water
      clearance, and increased sodium, potassium, and inorganic phosphate excretion.
      The present study was conducted to evaluate the dose-response effects of citrinin
      and to further evaluate previously reported phosphaturic effects of citrinin.
      Ureteral urine was collected from anesthetized domestic fowl during a control
      period (30 min) and during unilateral renal portal infusion (90 min) of citrinin
      carrier vehicle, 200 ppm citrinin, or 400 ppm citrinin. Comparisons of the portal
      infused vs. uninfused kidneys were used to evaluate the direct effects of
      citrinin. Citrinin caused acute (unilateral) dose-related increases in urine
      flow, free water clearance, and fractional sodium excretion and dose-related
      decreases in urine osmolality. Citrinin had no direct effect on glomerular
      filtration rates, fractional potassium excretion, or fractional inorganic
      phosphate excretion. An additional group of birds received systemic intravenous
      infusions of parathyroid hormone (PTH) beginning 40 min after the start of
      unilateral renal portal infusion of citrinin. The citrinin and PTH infusion were
      continued for 60 min. Fractional inorganic phosphate excretion increased
      bilaterally during the citrinin-PTH infusion period but citrinin had no direct
      phosphaturic effect. Previously reported phosphaturic effects of citrinin were
      not confirmed in the present study.

PMID- 3684855
TI  - Processing yields and meat flavor of broilers fed a mixture of narasin and
      nicarbazin as an anticoccidial agent.
AB  - Processed yields (percent hot carcass) and cooked meat flavor of broilers fed 100
      ppm of an anticoccidial agent (a mixture of 50 ppm narasin and 50 ppm nicarbazin)
      were compared with yields of birds fed a ration without the anticoccidial agent.
      Broilers were processed at 7 wk of age (49 days) after a 4-day withdrawal from
      the anticoccidial agent for the treated birds. The flavor of meat was evaluated
      by a 12-member sensory panel. Meat was either deep fat-fried or oven roasted.
      Sensory evaluations were made on freshly cooked samples and on cooked meat
      refrigerated for 24 h and reheated. The anticoccidial agent did not produce a
      difference (P greater than .05) in the hot carcass yields of the broilers as
      compared with control birds fed the nonmedicated diet. Analyses of triangle test
      data for flavor evaluations by two statistical methods indicated that there were
      no detectable differences (P greater than .05) in flavor between broilers fed the
      anticoccidial agent in the diet and those fed the control diet.

PMID- 3684856
TI  - Differential responses to dietary carbohydrates and fat of turkeys kept at
      various environmental temperatures.
AB  - Interactions between environmental temperature and dietary energy sources were
      evaluated in 6 to 9-wk and 9 to 12-wk-old turkeys using weight gain, feed
      efficiency, and carcass fat as response criteria. The dietary variables (soybean
      oil or glucose) were added in five or six increments at the expense of each other
      or of the fiber supplements, keeping the minima for protein and amino acid/energy
      constant. The resulting diets were fed to birds kept at 10 and 27 C. Duplicate
      experiments were conducted for each mode of dietary variable addition. Parallel
      increases in body weight gain and feed efficiency were obtained at the two
      temperatures when fat replaced carbohydrates or fiber, thereby raising dietary
      energy density. Some responses of weight gain and feed efficiency at the two
      temperatures were obtained also with a graded isocaloric addition of fat but the
      response was significant only at 27 C and not at 10 C. A greater response of gain
      and feed efficiency to energy supplied by dietary glucose was obtained at 10 C as
      compared with 27 C. Dietary fat supplementation resulted in increased deposition
      of carcass fat when given together with energy or isocalorically regardless of
      environmental temperature. Carcass fat was increased by glucose-energy at the low
      temperature only.

PMID- 3684857
TI  - Plasma corticosterone concentrations in growing chickens fed diets formulated to
      promote different rates of growth.
AB  - No significant differences in plasma corticosterone concentrations were noted
      among chicks fed diets containing 16 to 25% protein or diets containing 2,800,
      3,200, or 3,600 kcal metabolizable energy per kg to 6 wk of age. The ingredients
      used in diet formulation did, however, affect plasma corticosterone. Higher
      plasma corticosterone was associated with 2,800-kcal diets containing high
      concentrations of cornstarch and no cereal grains compared with 2,800-kcal diets
      containing low concentrations of cornstarch and cereal grains. In a second
      experiment, chicks were fed diets containing different concentrations of lysine
      and methionine from hatching to 4 wk of age. Half the chicks on each dietary
      treatment were conditioned to handling by daily gentling. Plasma corticosterone
      concentrations were reduced in the conditioned chicks. Plasma corticosterone
      increased during a period of up to 15 min after catching when the chicks were
      kept in a box prior to drawing blood samples. Excess dietary lysine significantly
      reduced plasma corticosterone in the gentled chicks but not in the control
      chicks.

PMID- 3684858
TI  - Interaction of dietary nutrient concentration and supplemental copper on chick
      performance and tissue copper concentrations.
AB  - An experiment was conducted with 576 female Cobb feather-sexed chicks to study
      the influence of methionine (MET) and selected nutrient (SN) supplementation on
      the performance of chicks fed high Cu levels. Day-old chicks were allotted
      randomly to pens for the 22-day experiment. A 3 X 2 X 2 factorial arrangement of
      treatments was used which included Cu at 0, 400, and 800 mg/kg, MET at 0 and .4%,
      and SN at 0 and 20%. A significant (P less than .001) Cu X MET X SN interaction
      was found for gain. Supplemental MET reversed the growth depression observed in
      birds fed 400 but not 800 mg/kg Cu. Additions of 400 and 800 mg/kg Cu to the
      basal diet depressed (P less than .001) feed consumption by 8.6 and 19.4%,
      respectively. Hepatic Cu concentrations increased linearly (P less than .001)
      with increasing dietary Cu and were not influenced (P greater than .10) by
      supplemental MET or SN. Liver weights increased linearly (P less than .001) with
      increasing dietary Cu and were higher (P less than .05) for chicks on diets
      supplemented with SN, but lower (P less than .05) for those with diets
      supplemented with MET. The interaction of MET X SN was significant (P less than
      .001) for serum Cu; chicks supplemented with SN in conjunction with MET had the
      lowest (P less than .05) serum Cu concentrations. Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic
      transaminase (SGOT) activity was not influenced (P greater than .10) by dietary
      Cu, but SN supplementation resulted in a 10% elevation (P less than .001) in SGOT
      activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3684859
TI  - Effect of dietary fat and protein levels on monensin toxicity in broiler chicks.
AB  - The effects of dietary fat level, fat source, and protein level on the growth
      response of broiler chicks were evaluated in two experiments with a factorial
      design. A higher level of soybean oil (SO) (3.5 vs. .5%) in diets containing
      either 18.2 or 20.4% protein significantly (P less than .05) counteracted the
      depressing effect of monensin on feed intake and weight gain in male chicks in
      the first experiment. Dietary protein level did not significantly (P greater than
      .05) affect the response to monensin, nor did monensin affect feed to gain ratio.
      The higher SO level of 3.5% in diets containing 18.2% protein reduced, at times
      significantly (P less than .05), the depressing effect of monensin on feed and
      water intake, water to feed ratio, weight gain, and the retention of dry matter
      and nitrogen in female chicks in the second experiment. A similar higher level of
      tallow resulted in less pronounced effects on most of the parameters. Monensin
      supplementation did not affect dietary metabolizable energy content, but
      significantly (P less than .01) increased feed to gain ratio and the percent of
      fecal dry matter. It was concluded that the toxicity of monensin to chicks might
      be alleviated by increasing dietary unsaturated fat and protein levels.

PMID- 3684860
TI  - Whole-body protein turnover in chicks fed control, histidine, or methionine plus
      cystine-free diets.
AB  - Whole-body protein turnover rates were measured in chicks fed control, histidine
      free (-His), and methionine plus cystine-free (-Met, Cys) diets. After chicks
      were fed the experimental diets ad libitum for 7 days, they were injected with a
      massive dose of L-[4-3H]-phenylalanine (40 microCi/100 g body weight) and rate of
      protein synthesis was estimated from the incorporation of phenylalanine into
      protein. The rate of protein degradation was estimated as the difference between
      the synthesis and growth rates of protein. In chicks fed the amino acid-devoid
      diets, the fractional synthesis rates of protein (FSR, percent per day) were
      significantly lower than those in control chicks, whereas fractional degradation
      rates of protein (percent per day) were constant for all dietary treatments. The
      FSR in -Met, Cys chicks was lower than that in -His chicks and the lower FSR in 
      Met, Cys chicks seemed to result in more body protein loss. The RNA/protein ratio
      of chicks was almost the same in all treatments, but the protein synthesized per
      unit RNA varied depending on the dietary treatments. The lower amount of protein
      synthesized per unit RNA in -Met, Cys chicks was postulated to result from
      inhibition of protein synthesis by a shortage of available methionine associated
      with a higher degradation rate of methionine itself. These results indicated that
      different growth responses between -His and -Met, Cys chicks were primarily
      caused by the difference in the rates of protein synthesis.

PMID- 3684861
TI  - Evaluation of sex differences in embryonic heart rates.
AB  - Adult female chickens are known to have higher heart rates than adult males.
      Previous evidence suggested that sex-related differences in heart rates exist in
      embryos. The objective of the present study was to determine if differences in
      heart rate can be used for sexing chickens during embryonic development. The
      effects of hyper and hypothermia also were evaluated. On Day 14 of incubation,
      Single Comb White Leghorn embryos were candled and three surface electrodes were
      placed on the eggshell. The electrodes were attached to an electrocardiograph.
      Heart rates were recorded from Days 15 to 20 of incubation. Female embryos
      exhibited higher mean heart rates than males (2 to 4 beats/min) for Days 15 to 19
      of incubation. Average heart rates of male and female embryos decreased and were
      significantly different when exposed to hypothermia (26.1 C for 2 h) on Day 15 of
      incubation. Hyperthermia (39.4 C for 45 min) on Day 15 of incubation increased
      embryonic heart rates, but male and female heart rates did not differ
      significantly. Extensive overlap between male and female heart rates under normal
      and hypothermic conditions makes this technique an industrially impractical
      method for determining embryonic sex.

PMID- 3684862
TI  - Effect of varying levels of phosphorus and live yeast culture in caged layer
      diets.
AB  - Dietary levels of .31, .36, .41, .46, .51, .56, and .61% total phosphorus (TP)
      were incorporated into seven corn-soy diets to determine the minimum TP
      requirement of caged laying hens. Each diet was fed to six lots of 20 hens each
      for a test period of 308 days. Egg production, feed efficiency, feed consumption,
      egg weight, and egg breaking strength were the performance criteria. Egg breaking
      strength was significantly higher while the other performance measures were
      significantly inferior for hens receiving the .31 TP diet as compared to those
      hens receiving the other diets. Performance measures of hens receiving diets with
      TP levels ranging from .41 to .61% were not significantly different. Although
      hens receiving the .36% TP diet performed significantly better than those
      receiving diets containing .31% TP, their performance was not satisfactory when
      compared with performance of hens fed diets containing higher levels of
      phosphorus. In a second experiment, dietary levels of 0, .25, and .50% live yeast
      culture (LYC) were fed in combination with TP levels of .40 and .60% to
      individually caged hens for nine test periods of 28 days each. Each of the test
      diets was fed to three lots of 12 hens each. Performance criteria in this
      experiment were the same as those used in the first experiment. Hen responses to
      the six test diets did not differ significantly for any performance criterion,
      except for egg breaking strength, which was significantly higher for eggs
      produced by hens fed diets containing .40% TP level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3684863
TI  - Circulating levels of luteinizing hormone and androgen in mature male Japanese
      quail over 24 hours.
AB  - Male Japanese quail on a 16 light:8 dark photoperiod (on at 0600 h) were sampled
      over 24 h to determine peripheral levels of the luteinizing hormone and
      testosterone. Six males were sampled (each animal sampled once) at each of 10
      sampling periods that began at 0800 h and ended the next morning at 0800 h. Serum
      testosterone concentrations were greatest at 2000 h and decreased across the
      night (2200 to 0600 h) to reach a nadir at 0500 h; levels increased in the
      morning but fell again at 1700 h. Luteinizing hormone levels were more constant,
      with peaks at 1500 and 0200 h.

PMID- 3684864
TI  - Influence of Florida 301 wheat in a laying hen diet on egg yolk rupture strength.
AB  - A study was designed to determine whether wheat could be substituted for corn
      without reducing yolk quality and yolk membrane strength. Diets with either corn
      or Florida 301 wheat as the grain source were fed to 50-wk-old hens (140 per
      diet). Eggs were collected and stored at 10 C for up to 4 wk or at 23 C for 1 wk.
      At weekly intervals Haugh units, yolk index, yolk rupture strength, and yolk
      deformation distance at rupture were measured and compression percentages were
      calculated. Haugh units and yolk index were not affected by diet. Yolk rupture
      strength and deformation were 12.3% and 4.7% greater, respectively, for eggs from
      hens on the wheat diet than for those from hens on the corn diet. Both rupture
      strength and deformation declined significantly with storage. Eggs stored at 23 C
      were lower in yolk rupture strength and deformation than those held at 10 C.
      Percentage of compression at rupture also declined with storage, but the decline
      was initially more rapid for egg yolks from birds fed the corn diet than for egg
      yolks from birds fed the wheat diet. It was concluded that Florida 301 wheat may
      be substituted for corn without incurring any problems in the quality of the yolk
      and that yolk breaking strength would be enhanced.

PMID- 3684866
TI  - Increasing hatchability of turkey eggs with biotin egg injections.
AB  - At 25 days of incubation, eggs from Large White turkey hens in two field trials
      were injected with 87 micrograms of exogenous d-biotin per egg. Hatchability of
      fertile biotin-injected eggs was significantly higher than that of control
      (noninjected) eggs. Hatchability values of fertile eggs were 4 and 5% higher for
      exogenous d-biotin-injected eggs than for control eggs for December 1985 and May
      1986 trials, respectively.

PMID- 3684865
TI  - Comparison of bone and muscle growth in turkey lines selected for increased body
      weight and increased shank width.
AB  - A subline (FL) of a long-term growth-selected line (F) of turkeys was established
      by mass selecting solely for increased shank width at the narrowest point (dew
      claw). A comparison was made of bone and muscle growth in Line FL (fourth
      generation of selection), Line F (17th generation of selection), and a randombred
      control (RBC2, the base population of F) at 8, 16, and 20 wk of age. Also, a
      sample of the tibiotarsal and femur bones was studied histologically for evidence
      of pathological conditions. No significant pathological changes were observed in
      bones from turkeys of the different lines at the ages examined. Samples for
      histological study were taken at Day 1, 27, 56, 84, 112, and 140 posthatching.
      Genetic increases in body weight (F and FL lines) resulted in a significant
      decline in the relative amount of leg muscles from 16 to 20 wk of age while in
      Line RBC2 the relative amount of leg muscles increased slightly from 16 to 20 wk
      of age. This resulted in a significant line x age interaction. No significant
      differences in the amount of leg muscles were detected between turkeys of Lines F
      and FL. Amount of breast muscles increased consistently with age in all lines.
      Amount of breast muscles (absolute and as a percentage of body weight) was larger
      in Line F than in the FL and RBC2 lines. The actual weight of the breast muscles
      was larger in Line FL than in the RBC2 line but as a percentage of body weight
      there was no significant difference.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3684867
TI  - Effect of watering devices on performance during pullet-rearing and cage-laying
      phases of single comb White Leghorn hens.
AB  - An experiment was conducted to examine the effect of watering devices used during
      pullet-rearing and cage-laying phases on subsequent biological and production
      responses of hens with 960 pullets reared in floor pens for an 18-wk period.
      During the pullet phase, birds were placed in one of three watering regimens:
      start/grow trigger-cups (SGTC), bell drinkers (BD), or a combination treatment
      consisting of 9 wk on BD and 9 wk on SGTC (BD/SGTC). During the laying phase,
      birds were placed in laying units with four birds per cage. Cages were equipped
      with mature bird trigger-cups (TC), fount-cups (FC), vertically activated nipple
      drinkers (VAND), or cone-shaped cups (CC). Cage waterers had significant
      influences on average hen-day egg production (HD) and feed conversion of the
      hens. For HD production, there was no difference between hens on CC and TC or
      between CC and FC. Birds drinking from VAND had significantly lower HD production
      and poorer feed conversion than birds on the other waterer treatments. There were
      no significant differences in body weight for birds raised on the different
      drinking devices. Cumulative mortality during the cage-laying phase was
      nonsignificantly higher for birds drinking from VAND than for birds drinking from
      CC. There was no effect of waterer type on egg weight or Haugh units. Specific
      gravity was poorer for eggs produced by hens drinking from FC as compared with
      eggs from hens on CC or VAND. Kidney weights and kidney as a percentage of body
      weight were affected by the interaction of the pullet-rearing and cage-laying
      phase waterers.

PMID- 3684868
TI  - Prevention of coccidiosis in bobwhites by medication.
AB  - The efficacy of amprolium, monensin, and salinomycin in preventing coccidiosis in
      bobwhite quail was studied using a mixed inoculum of equal numbers of Eimeria
      dispersa and E. lettyae. A total dosage per quail of 10(6) sporulated oocysts was
      chosen because this dosage gave a good (77%) depression of weight gain from Day
      18 to Day 24. Levels of .008% monensin or .0055% salinomycin were the most
      effective for prevention of coccidiosis as evaluated by body weight gains. These
      levels significantly reduced parasite numbers in the duodenum with monensin
      administration and in both the duodenum and ileum with salinomycin
      administration. Monensin reduced parasite numbers in the illeum significantly in
      one experiment and in a second. Amprolium was ineffective for prevention of
      coccidiosis, as evaluated by body weight gains. Amprolium was also ineffective in
      consistently reducing parasite numbers in the duodenum and ileum. Both monensin
      and salinomycin had a reasonable safety margin in quail. Levels of monensin of
      .016%, twice the proposed level, significantly reduced body weight at 14 days of
      age compared with unmedicated controls or quail given .008% monensin. By 28 days,
      however, this effect was no longer significant. Levels of salinomycin at the
      proposed level of .0055% significantly reduced body weight at 14 days of age
      compared with unmedicated controls. By 28 days, however, this effect was no
      longer significant in quail given .0055% or .00825% salinomycin, although in
      quail fed .011% salinomycin body weights remained significantly lower (16.5%) at
      that date. There were no detectable monensin residues in the liver of quail fed a
      ration containing .008% monensin for 8 wk.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3684869
TI  - Behavior of chickens prior to death from sudden death syndrome.
AB  - A study was made to determine if chickens dying from sudden death syndrome (SDS)
      showed any unusual behavioral characteristics during the final 12 h preceding
      death. Continuous video recordings were made of floor pens of 50 to 120
      individually marked male broiler chickens between 3 and 10 wk of age. Behavioral
      data were obtained from video tapes played back following death of chickens from
      SDS. Analysis of the video tapes revealed no significant differences between 10
      SDS chickens and their matched controls in the frequencies or proportions of time
      spent in each of 19 different behavioral activities. All SDS chickens exhibited a
      sudden attack prior to death lasting an average of 53 s and characterized by loss
      of balance, violent flapping, and strong muscular contractions. There was no
      evidence that death was preceded by a particular environmental or behavioral
      event. It was concluded that there were no consistent behavioral symptoms which
      could be used to identify SDS chickens prior to death.

PMID- 3684870
TI  - Effects of monensin feeding and withdrawal time on growth and carcass composition
      in broiler chickens.
AB  - Four experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of monensin feeding and
      withdrawal on broiler performance and carcass characteristics. It was shown that
      monensin (100 ppm) feeding depressed growth. Withdrawal of monensin from the feed
      for 5 or 7 days produced higher feed consumption and weight gain values compared
      with those of unmedicated broilers. Increasing the withdrawal period to 10 days
      did not produce greater growth improvement. Whole body composition of protein,
      water, lipid, and ash were not significantly affected by monensin feeding or
      withdrawal. Abdominal fat pads of unmedicated female broilers were significantly
      larger than those of broilers medicated with monensin even when expressed as a
      percentage of body weight (3.53 vs. 2.99%). Amount of lipid per fat pad was also
      higher in unmedicated broilers than in medicated broilers (43.5 vs. 30.6 g).
      Values for fat pad weight (as a percentage of body weight) and grams of lipid per
      fat pad of unmedicated birds were not different from those measures in medicated
      birds after 5 or 7 days of withdrawal. Fat pad weights and lipids per fat pad of
      birds after 10 days of monensin withdrawal were intermediate between those of
      unmedicated and monensin-medicated broilers. Monensin feeding or its withdrawal
      for 5 or 10 days did not influence the female broiler abdominal fat pad lipid
      fatty acid composition when compared with that of unmedicated fat pad lipid.

PMID- 3684872
TI  - Coccidial infections and gut microflora.
AB  - Oral inoculations of sporulated oocysts of Eimeria acervulina, E. necatrix, E.
      brunetti, E. tenella, or none were given to five groups of 4-wk-old chicks. Fecal
      samples were taken at 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 14, and 21 days postinoculation and
      total fecal aerobe, total fecal anaerobe, fecal lactobacilli, and fecal coliform
      concentrations were enumerated. Fecal aerobe concentrations increased 10-fold
      during the period from 3 to 8 days postinoculation. Fecal anaerobe concentrations
      had small increases from 3 to 6 days. Fecal lactobacilli concentrations increased
      with E. necatrix and E. brunetti infections but decreased with E. tenella
      infections. Fecal coliform concentrations increased most with the duodenal
      infections and increased less with posterior tract infections.

PMID- 3684871
TI  - Fatty acid composition of hepatic and cardiac tissue from chickens dying of
      sudden death syndrome.
AB  - Gas chromatographic analysis of tissue lipids from broiler chickens dying from
      sudden death syndrome (SDS) were carried out to determine if anomalies in fatty
      acid composition could be linked to the disease. Crude extracts of lipids from
      hearts and livers of chickens dying from SDS and their matched controls (matched
      for pen number, sex and time of death) were fractionated by thin layer
      chromatography and the phospholipid, triacylglycerol (TG) and nonesterified
      aliphatic carboxylic acid [C14-C22] (FA) fractions were transmethylated and
      analysed by capillary gas chromatography. A number of significant (P less than
      .05) differences in fatty acid composition were found to exist between males
      dying of SDS and their controls, the most notable being elevated levels of
      arachidonic acid in the hepatic TG and cardiac FA fractions of SDS males. Few
      significant differences were found between SDS females and their controls. There
      was a trend toward increased desaturation of cardiac and hepatic tissue lipids of
      male SDS chickens, although this was significant only for the hepatic TG
      fraction. The results did not support the hypothesis that a lack of arachidonic
      acid as a precursor of prostaglandin synthesis was a causative factor in the
      disease.

PMID- 3684873
TI  - Effect of dietary fat level on dose response relationships during aflatoxicosis
      in young chickens.
AB  - The effect of aflatoxin in poultry is greater on birds fed a low fat diet, but it
      is not known whether this effect is associated with a lower apparent minimum
      effective dose (MED), altered slope of the response curve, or both. Aflatoxin at
      16 dosages ranging from 0 to 3.797 micrograms/g of feed was fed to six groups of
      15 young chickens per treatment ingesting a 2 or 4% fat diet for 3 wk. The
      weights of the body, liver, bursa of Fabricius, and spleen and the total lipid
      content of the liver were measured. Mathematical models were fitted to the data
      and dose-response curves were predicted as continuous functions of aflatoxin
      concentration. Quadratic polynomials fit body weight and spleen weight whereas
      plateau-linear models fit liver weight and liver lipid content in both 2 and 4%
      fat diets. The weight of the bursa of Fabricius was fit equally well by quadratic
      and linear plateau models. Dietary fat had negligible effects on the apparent MED
      (micrograms of aflatoxin per gram of feed) for body, liver and spleen weights,
      which were calculated from the modeling approach to be 1.37 and 1.41, 1.68 and
      1.69, and 1.49 and 1.46 on 2 and 4% fat diets, respectively. The apparent MED for
      liver lipid content was appreciably lower for birds fed the 2% fat diet than
      those fed the 4% fat diet (.88 and 1.62, respectively). Similarly, the apparent
      MED for the bursa was 1.48 and 1.74 for birds fed the 2 and 4% fat diets,
      respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3684874
TI  - Modified extraction 2-thiobarbituric acid method for measuring lipid oxidation in
      poultry.
AB  - A simple and accurate objective test for monitoring lipid oxidation in poultry
      products is needed. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values of cooked poultry meat were
      determined by a distillation method and by a modified extraction method.
      Perchloric acid was used in the extraction method to release TBA reactive
      substances from the meat. The maximum absorption wavelength of the TBA
      malonaldehyde complex was 531 nm. The TBA values for cooked chicken and turkey
      were highly correlated (r = .91) for both the extraction and distillation
      methods. Sensory scores of warmed-over flavor in precooked poultry were highly
      correlated with TBA values in both the distillation (r = .83) and extraction (r =
      .85) methods. Results indicate that the extraction method is faster, easier to
      perform, and as accurate as the distillation method for monitoring lipid
      oxidation in poultry.

PMID- 3684875
TI  - Effect of protein and energy intake of broiler breeder hens on performance of
      broiler chicken offspring.
AB  - Two hundred and forty individually caged Hubbard x Hubbard broiler breeders (BB)
      were fed one of six diets at 150 g/bird per day, which provided 19 or 25 g
      protein and 325, 385, or 450 kcal nitrogen-corrected metabolizable energy. In
      Trial 1, chicks hatched from 29-wk-old BB were sexed and 12 females and 12 males
      placed in each of four replicate floor pens per treatment. A 23% crude protein
      (CP) starter (0 to 20 day), 20% CP grower (21 to 34 day) and 18% CP finisher (35
      to 41 day) diets were fed. Protein intake of BB had no effect on body weight of
      offspring. Energy intake of BB had no effect on growth of female offspring;
      however body weights of 20 day-old-male offspring were 575, 586, and 601 g for
      low, medium, and high energy intake, respectively (P less than or equal to .01).
      Increasing BB energy intake increased carcass protein and reduced fat in male
      offspring (P less than or equal to .01) and decreased the percentage of Canada
      Grade B ratings for both sexes (P less than or equal to .05). In Trials 2 to 4,
      chicks from BB at 32, 36, and 40 wk were sexed and cage-reared to 21 days of age.
      The energy intake of BB had no effect on female offspring growth. Male offspring
      weighed 570, 563, and 585 g for the low, medium, and high energy intakes,
      respectively (P less than or equal to .01).

PMID- 3684876
TI  - Influence of Monoprop in controlling mold growth and improving chick performance
      when fed high moisture corn.
AB  - Two trials were conducted with broiler chicks from hatch to 21 days of age to
      study the effects of feeding high moisture corn diets with and without a mold
      inhibitor. Monoprop High moisture corn (HMC) diets supported growth rates and dry
      matter feed conversion ratios as well as dry corn diets when Monoprop was present
      in the feed even when the feed was seeded with moldy corn screenings. Without the
      mold inhibitor, body weight gains were depressed. This was not due to depressed
      feed intake as feed consumption for chicks on HMC diets without mold inhibitor
      was as high as other groups.

PMID- 3684877
TI  - Influence of choline and sulfate on copper and toxicity and substitution of and
      antagonism between methionine and copper supplements to chick diets.
AB  - Studies were conducted to determine if the deleterious affects on chick growth of
      the primary antagonism between methionine and copper involves the homocysteine
      moiety or labile methyl group of methionine. A .1% choline supplement resulted in
      performance response similar to that of a .2% L-methionine supplement in the
      absence but not in the presence of 500 mg/kg copper from cupric sulfate. Similar
      results were observed when the levels of methionine and choline were doubled.
      Sulfate, with or without choline, had little effect in the presence of cupric
      sulfate. When cupric acetate was used instead of cupric sulfate, a small but
      nearly significant (P = .08) response to potassium sulfate was observed. Maximum
      performance with .29% supplemental methionine and 188 mg/kg Cu was predicted from
      a response surface analysis. The methionine requirement was increased by feeding
      copper. However, the increase in methionine requirement was accompanied by an
      improvement in growth rate and feed efficiency. This may explain why levels used
      of methionine and total sulfur-containing amino acids appear to be higher under
      field conditions (with pharmacological levels of copper) than in laboratory
      conditions (without pharmacological levels of copper). The primary antagonism
      between methionine and copper involves the homocysteine moiety, not the labile
      methyl groups.

PMID- 3684878
TI  - Use of peat as a bedding material and dietary component for tom turkeys.
AB  - In a study of turkeys over the period 0 to 3 wk of age, body weights of birds fed
      5 or 15% dietary peat or carrier-type feed byproducts (rice hulls, sunflower
      hulls, peanut hulls, soybean mill feed. wood flour, and corn cobs) were compared
      to those of turkeys fed a diet composed primarily of corn and soybean meal.
      Turkeys fed 15% dietary peat or carriers showed a greater growth depression than
      those fed the diluents at the 5% dietary level. At the 5% peat or carrier level,
      growth was not significantly (P greater than .05) depressed when birds were fed
      rice hulls (body weight was 98.5% of control), peat (97.1%), sunflower hulls
      (96.9%), and peanut hulls (95.8%); growth was significantly depressed (P less
      than .05) when birds were fed corn cobs (93.1%), soybean mill feed (92.9%), and
      wood flour (92.8%). Peat, when used as a drying agent for liquid agricultural
      byproducts, would account for 2 to 4% of the diet. Results of this study suggest
      that peat as a carrier fed at the 5% level would minimally affect growth. In a
      market study male turkeys were raised on floor pens containing peat or wood
      shavings and fed 0, 5, or 10% reed-sedge peat as a diluent of a typical corn
      soybean meal mash diet. Body weights of turkeys fed 5 or 10% dietary peat showed
      a slight growth depression on both litter materials, compared with control.
      Higher body weights (nonsignificant) were observed for turkeys on wood shavings
      compared with those on peat litter after 12 wk of age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3684879
TI  - Effect of early nutrition on abdominal fat in broilers.
AB  - Experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of isocaloric diets varying
      in protein and fat content or diluted with a combination of cellulose and sand
      during the 1st wk of life on subsequent abdominal fat pad size in male broiler
      chicks. In the first experiment chicks were fed diets containing 2,850 kcal
      metabolizable energy (ME)/kg with 23% protein and low or high total fat (23/LF)
      or 28% protein with low fat (28/LF) for the 1st 7 days and diets with varying
      protein and fat levels during the next 19 days. Abdominal fat was significantly
      higher in chicks fed 28/LF for 7 days followed by 23/HF than for the other
      treatments. In a second experiment chicks in battery brooders were fed diets with
      18, 23, or 28% protein with or without added fat. They were then intermingled and
      placed in floor pens where they were fed corn-soy starter grower and finisher
      diets to 7 wk. Body weight at 4 and 7 wk and abdominal fat at 4 wk were not
      significantly different among treatments, but abdominal fat at 7 wk was
      significantly higher for chicks fed the 28/LF or 28/HF diets. Effects of feeding
      the same 18/LF, 23/LF, and 28/LF diets or practical diets containing 3,150 kcal
      ME/kg with various protein levels during the first week were examined in another
      experiment. Chicks all received the same diets from 7 to 49 days. No significant
      differences in size of abdominal fat pad was observed within each diet
      series.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3684881
TI  - Semen and carcass evaluation of broiler breeder males fed low protein diets.
AB  - At 43 days of age, 246 broiler breeder males were randomly assigned to either a
      9, 12, or 15% protein diet (isocaloric) fed on a restricted basis until birds
      were 50 wk of age. Birds fed the 15% protein diet served as the control group for
      maintaining body weight. All groups received equal quantities of feed. Semen
      production was monitored weekly from 17 through 49 wk of age. Semen was evaluated
      for volume, concentration, and number of spermatozoa per ejaculate during four
      periods: 25 through 30, 36 through 37, 42 through 43, and 48 through 49 wk of
      age. Carcass composition and testes weight were sampled at 22 and 28 wk; at 50 wk
      of age all remaining males were analyzed. The dietary protein effect on body
      weight was linear (P less than .05). Birds fed the 9% protein diet had the lowest
      weights, while birds fed 12 and 15% protein became similar in body weight with
      increasing age. Semen volume, concentration, number of spermatozoa per ejaculate,
      and testes weight were unaffected by dietary protein level. The percentage of
      males that produced semen when fed the 9% protein diet was greater (P less than
      or equal to .09) with males fed 12 and 15% dietary protein. Dietary protein had a
      significant negative linear effect (P less than or equal to .001) on percent
      carcass fat at 50 wk of age but no effect on percentage carcass protein. Reducing
      dietary protein to 9% decreased male body weight slightly, increased carcass fat,
      and had no adverse effects on semen production through 50 wk of age.

PMID- 3684880
TI  - Influence of different phosphorus phase-feeding programs and dietary calcium
      level on performance and body phosphorus of laying hens.
AB  - Two nonphytate P (NPP) feeding programs (.35, -.25, -.15% NPP or .45, -.35, -.25%
      NPP during the age intervals of 23 to 35, 35 to 51, and 51 to 71 wk,
      respectively) were evaluated for White Leghorn hens in a complete factorial
      arrangement with 3.3 or 4.0% dietary Ca. Total P (TP) concentrations of the NPP
      feeding programs, as determined by analysis, were .60, -.48, and -.37 or .70, 
      .58, and -.46%, respectively. Egg production, feed efficiency, and egg weight
      over the 48-wk experiment were reduced significantly by the .35, -.25, and -.15%
      NPP program, irrespective of dietary Ca. Most adverse effects of the low NPP
      program occurred from 51 to 71 wk when hens fed .15% NPP consumed about 150 mg
      NPP daily as compared with NPP intake of 250 mg daily for hens fed .25% NPP. Hens
      fed 3.3% Ca consumed significantly more feed than did those fed 4.0% Ca,
      irrespective of NPP feeding program or age period. Neither NPP or Ca levels
      affected eggshell thickness at 71 wk nor mortality during the experiment. Dietary
      NPP and Ca did not significantly affect P content of the body, including
      feathers. Body P declined from an average of 8.6 g/hen at 23 wk of age to 7.3
      g/hen at 55 and 63 wk. By 71 wk, body P returned to 8.6 g/hen. The results show
      that NPP intakes of 250 mg and 150 mg/hen daily from 35 to 51 and from 51 to 71
      wk, respectively, were inadequate for laying hens' performance, but no adverse
      effects of these NPP intakes on body P were detected. It seems that utilization
      of dietary P was affected adversely by high ambient temperatures.

PMID- 3684882
TI  - Growth hormone status and growth characteristics of Japanese quail divergently
      selected for four-week body weights.
AB  - A randombred line of quail (R1) and two lines selected for either increased (HW)
      or decreased (LW) 4-wk body weight were used to examine the relationship of
      growth to circulating growth hormone (GH) levels during growth. Differences in GH
      between males and females were not detected. Growth hormone was low at hatching
      in all lines but then increased to relatively high levels by the first post
      hatching sample (3 to 7 days). A decline in GH then occurred in all lines, with
      low adult levels detected earlier in lines HW and R1 than in LW. The patterns of
      GH secretion and growth characteristics of lines HW and R1 were similar while
      those of LW were unique.

PMID- 3684883
TI  - Relationship of feed surface area to fungal activity in poultry feeds.
AB  - Weekly composite feed samples were collected from three farms that had manually
      filled tube type feeders and three that had automatic pan type feeders. Feed from
      pan type feeders had four-fold higher fungal activity than did feed from tube
      type feeders. The data suggest that the ratio of surface area to feed weight was
      associated with this difference.

PMID- 3684884
TI  - Effect of beak trimming on body weight and feed intake of egg-type pullets fed
      pellets or mash.
AB  - Pelleted and mash feed were provided in each of two trials. In the first trial,
      it was noted that the pullets did not eat the feed that was offered in pellet
      form. Type of beak trimming appeared to be involved in lowering feed intake. The
      second trial demonstrated that pullets with either the top beak or both beaks
      trimmed (block cut) approximately 2 mm from the nostril when offered pellets or
      mash did not eat feed in pellet form as readily as that in mash form.

PMID- 3684885
TI  - Effect of breeder quail age and egg weight on chick weight.
AB  - An experiment was conducted with 546 Japanese breeder quail to determine the
      effect of age and egg weight on day-old chick weight over a 16-wk reproduction
      period. Weight of chicks hatched from the same or different size eggs was found
      to be affected by parental age. The largest increase in chick weight occurred
      after 10 wk of age. It was found that egg weight did not affect the hatching
      weight if egg weight was above 11 g.

PMID- 3684887
TI  - Application of the filial imprinting phenomenon to broiler chicks at a commercial
      farm.
AB  - Ten thousand broiler chicks on commercial farms in Israel were imprinted to blue
      and red plastic boxes (20 x 20 x 40 cm) containing loud speakers (8 omega, 12 W)
      equipped with a tape recorder, in which a classical music cassette had been
      placed. Upon reaching 3 wk of age, an attempt was made to move these chicks from
      the training area (A) to a new area (B) using the imprinting objects. This
      experiment was repeated four times: May, August and November of 1985, and in
      January 1986. During the warm months of May and August 30 to 60% of the
      experimental chicks followed the imprinting objects toward Area B. During the
      cold months and in all four repetitions with the controls, less than 5% of the
      flocks moved from Area A to Area B. Winter chicks may have been imprinted on
      brooder heaters. In all repetitions, most of the imprinted chicks distributed
      themselves equally over Area B 1 h after the doors between Areas B and A were
      closed. Controls, however, crowded around the door between Areas A and B
      resulting in the death of many chicks by asphyxiation. This study has shown that
      thousands of heavy strain chicks can be easily attached to an imprinting stimulus
      and it may be possible to apply this phenomenon for commercial purposes.

PMID- 3684886
TI  - Efficacy of a manganese-protein chelate compared with that of manganese sulfate
      for chicks.
AB  - Based on bone manganese (Mn) accumulation during a 14-day feeding period. Mn
      bioavailability in a Mn-proteinate product was judged to be not significantly
      different than that provided by MnSO4.H2O. Bone and bile Mn concentrations were
      reduced markedly when 10% wheat bran was added to a phytate and fiber-free casein
      dextrose diet that contained 1,000 mg/kg supplemental Mn from either MnSO4.H2O or
      the Mn-proteinate.

PMID- 3684888
TI  - Curriculum mania.

PMID- 3684889
TI  - Health needs of homeless persons.

PMID- 3684891
TI  - Nursing intervention to assist patients' decision making with respect to family
      planning.

PMID- 3684890
TI  - Helping students assess parenting education needs.

PMID- 3684892
TI  - Religion's role in the health and well-being of well elders.

PMID- 3684893
TI  - Community health assessment and program planning in the nurse practitioner
      curriculum: evaluation of a Guided Design learning module.

PMID- 3684894
TI  - Prevention of battering during pregnancy: focus on behavioral change.

PMID- 3684895
TI  - Use of an inner-city well-baby clinic.

PMID- 3684896
TI  - Documenting the effect and cost of public health nursing field services.

PMID- 3684897
TI  - Nursing in Cuba: population-focused practice.

PMID- 3684898
TI  - Nurses as agents for change in teaching breast self-examination.

PMID- 3684899
TI  - Counselling service for cancer patients.

PMID- 3684901
TI  - Investigating patients with dyspepsia.

PMID- 3684900
TI  - Non-traumatic subconjunctival haemorrhages.

PMID- 3684903
TI  - Campylobacter-associated gastritis.

PMID- 3684902
TI  - Treatment of dyspepsia.

PMID- 3684904
TI  - Screening for colorectal neoplasia.

PMID- 3684905
TI  - A sigmoidoscope in the practice.

PMID- 3684906
TI  - Cytology clinics and diagnosis of ovarian tumours.

PMID- 3684907
TI  - The changing role of psychologists in primary care.

PMID- 3684908
TI  - Factors influencing consultation rates in a suburban general practice.

PMID- 3684909
TI  - Prostate cancer: the depressing facts.

PMID- 3684910
TI  - The GP and the radiologist.

PMID- 3684911
TI  - The detection of diabetic retinopathy in general practice.

PMID- 3684912
TI  - Problems in diagnosis: renal oncocytoma.

PMID- 3684913
TI  - The problem of alcohol in general practice.

PMID- 3684914
TI  - The detection and assessment of patients at risk because of their drinking.

PMID- 3684915
TI  - A strategy for helping people who are drinking excessively.

PMID- 3684916
TI  - Reducing alcohol intake in the patient with more difficult problems.

PMID- 3684917
TI  - Using alcohol record cards.

PMID- 3684918
TI  - Developing a policy for a district alcohol service.

PMID- 3684919
TI  - Patients' awareness of the risks of smoking.

PMID- 3684920
TI  - Are night calls in general practice followed up?

PMID- 3684921
TI  - The VACANT syndrome.

PMID- 3684923
TI  - Opportunistic screening for hypertension in the surgery.

PMID- 3684922
TI  - Teaching young asthmatics to use inhalers.

PMID- 3684924
TI  - Medical dissolution of gallbladder stones.

PMID- 3684926
TI  - Under starter's orders.

PMID- 3684925
TI  - Respecting autonomy: why it is so difficult for GPs.

PMID- 3684927
TI  - A new general practice MSc programme.

PMID- 3684928
TI  - Difficulties in diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3684929
TI  - A case of bachelor scurvy.

PMID- 3684930
TI  - Eosinophilia associated with scabies.

PMID- 3684932
TI  - The importance of asthma to the general practitioner.

PMID- 3684931
TI  - Taking a history.

PMID- 3684933
TI  - Nocturnal asthma.

PMID- 3684934
TI  - Air-conditioning and disease.

PMID- 3684935
TI  - Farmers' lung and extrinsic allergic alveolitis.

PMID- 3684936
TI  - The environmental causes and management of eczema.

PMID- 3684937
TI  - Anaphylaxis to bee and wasp stings.

PMID- 3684938
TI  - Desensitisation.

PMID- 3684939
TI  - Illness in small children and their use of health services.

PMID- 3684940
TI  - Nutrition in pregnancy--a health education problem.

PMID- 3684941
TI  - Getting to know 3000 people in three months.

PMID- 3684942
TI  - Skin testing.

PMID- 3684943
TI  - Allergy and environmental medicine.

PMID- 3684944
TI  - Allergic reactions to drug excipients.

PMID- 3684945
TI  - Investigating food-related disease.

PMID- 3684946
TI  - Food allergy: how common a cause of adult gut disease?

PMID- 3684947
TI  - Nutritional deficiencies: their role in allergy and intolerance.

PMID- 3684948
TI  - The morality of medical mistakes. Doctors' obligations and patients'
      expectations.

PMID- 3684949
TI  - Study on adrenergic function after development of tolerance to ethylene glycol
      dinitrate (EGDN) in rats.
AB  - The effects of sustained exposure to ethylene glycol dinitrate (EGDN; 50 mg.kg
      1.2, 10 days) on heart rate (HR) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), isolated
      strips from aorta and vena cava, catecholamine (CA) and DOPAC levels in brain,
      heart, adrenals and plasma, and synaptosomal uptake of noradrenaline (NA) have
      been investigated in rats. Aortic strips showed a decreased responsiveness to
      EGDN and were more sensitive to NA than were control strips 2, 24 and 96 hrs
      after cessation of EGDN. Acute cumulative doses of EGDN induced a decrease in MAP
      at all time intervals but 2 hrs after cessation of chronic EGDN-treatment, while
      NA induced a dose-dependent increase in MAP. MAP was lower 2 hrs after cessation
      of EGDN, than in the control rats, while HR was higher. After 24 hrs, MAP was
      slightly higher than in the controls and HR was still elevated. EGDN induced a
      decrease in the accumulation of L-DOPA and DOPAC in all brain structures
      measured, which was especially prominent 2 hrs after cessation of EGDN. The
      levels of CA's and DOPAC in peripheral tissues did generally not change
      significantly, although there was a tendency to a decrease. L-DOPA, NA and
      adrenaline (A) in plasma decreased significantly, while DOPAC and dopamine (DA)
      increased. No consistent effects on uptake of NA into synaptosomes could be
      distinguished. However, the amount of protein was generally lower at all times
      after cessation of EGDN. It is suggested that prolonged exposure to EGDN not only
      induces tolerance at the cellular level, but also interferes with arterial smooth
      muscle sensitivity to NA and with resetting of MAP and HR. The decrease in the
      synthesis and turnover of CA's and DOPAC in the brain indicated a decrease in
      nervous activity, which is reflected by a corresponding decrease of NA and A
      levels in plasma.

PMID- 3684950
TI  - Alkaline phosphatase activities following repeated suramin administration in some
      rat tissues in relation to their functions.
AB  - The effect of repeated administration of suramin, a trypanocide and filariacide,
      on the level of alkaline phosphatase activity in some rat tissues and organs was
      investigated. Daily administration of this drug to rats resulted in a very
      significant increase in enzyme activity in the kidney and small intestine
      immediately after the first dose. Activity observed in the liver was not affected
      until after the third dose when the level was increased. In the heart and the
      large intestine, administration of the drug did not affect the enzyme activity
      levels throughout the duration of drug administration. These results suggest that
      repeated suramin administration may result in very large increases in alkaline
      phosphatase activity in the tissues and organs which are involved in active
      transport mechanisms.

PMID- 3684951
TI  - The metabolism of 2,5-diphenyloxazole (PPO) in human lymphocytes and rat liver
      microsomes.
AB  - The oxidative metabolism of 2,5-diphenyloxazole (PPO) is associated with 3
      methylcholanthrene inducible cytochrome P-450. The major metabolite formed has
      m/z of 237, corresponding to hydroxylated PPO. All the possible hydroxylated
      metabolites of PPO were synthesized and characterized, enabling the assignment of
      a structure for the major metabolite and two minor metabolites. The metabolites
      are easily extracted and their fluorescence is quantifiable in alkaline medium
      with a sample fluorescence to blank fluorescence ratio of 400:1. A sensitive HPLC
      assay of PPO metabolism was also developed. PPO metabolism is readily catalyzed
      by 3-methylcholanthrene-induced rat liver microsomes and strongly inhibited by
      alpha-naphthoflavone, but poorly inhibited by metyrapone or SKF 525A, indicating
      the involvement of cytochrome P-448 or P1-450 in the metabolism of PPO. With
      human lymphocytes the method has proven to be a good indicator of "aryl
      hydrocarbon hydroxylase" (AHH) activity, correlating well with AHH assays using
      benzo(alpha)pyrene (BP) as a substrate. Both the induced BP and PPO metabolism by
      human lymphocytes is inhibited by alpha-naphthoflavone, but not by metyrapone.

PMID- 3684952
TI  - Characteristics of analgesia induced by adenosine triphosphate.
AB  - Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) injected intravenously in mice was found to have
      dose-dependent analgesic activity in the hot plate and phenylquinone-induced
      stretching assays. ATP prolonged the hot plate latency (ED50 value of 1 (0.7-1.4)
      mg/kg) and inhibited phenylquinone-induced writhing (ED50 value of 0.4 (0.31
      0.52) mg/kg). Low doses of ATP produced a potent antinociceptive effect without
      any significant depression of locomotor activity. Treatment of mice for either 4
      days or 14 days with ATP did not result in development of physical dependence on
      or tolerance to ATP. The analgesic action of ATP was not antagonized by naloxone
      at 1 and 5 mg/kg. ATP analgesia was antagonized, in a dose-related fashion, by
      Ca++ ion injected intracerbroventricularly which may indicate that Ca++ plays a
      role in ATP-induced antinociception.

PMID- 3684953
TI  - Effects of 3H-thymidine on preimplantation mouse embryos in vitro.
AB  - The effect of 3H-thymidine on in vitro development of preimplantation mouse
      embryos was studied. Two-cell and 4-8-cell embryos from B6CBA/F1 mice were
      continuously exposed to 3H-thymidine in medium containing 3H-thymidine in
      concentrations ranging from 10-500 nCi/ml. The effect of the radioactive
      precursor on embryo development to the blastocyst stage was studied by
      morphological observation, counting the blastocyst cell number and measuring 3H
      thymidine incorporation. The continuous presence of 3H-thymidine significantly
      inhibited development of 2-cell and 4-8-cell embryos to the blastocyst stage.
      Embryos cultured from the 2-cell stage were more sensitive to 3H-thymidine than
      those exposed from the 4-8-cell stage. Even in morphologically normal blastocysts
      the cell number was significantly reduced. A 2 hr pulse of 100 nCi/ml 3H
      thymidine at the blastocyst stage, did not affect the blastocyst formation or the
      blastocyst cell number and the amount of incorporated 3H-thymidine was sufficient
      to provide a reliable quantitation of DNA synthesis during the culture of
      preimplantation embryos in vitro. Continuous incubation with 3H-thymidine in
      order to measure DNA synthesis of preimplantation mouse embryos should be avoided
      when DNA synthesis is used as a means of evaluating toxic effect of an agent.
      Adverse radiation effects by 3H-thymidine on preimplantation mouse embryos during
      toxicity testing can be avoided by pulse labelling.

PMID- 3684954
TI  - [Status and developmental trends of institutional child guidance--facts and
      comments].

PMID- 3684955
TI  - [Status of institutional child guidance within a system of psychosocial
      assistance].

PMID- 3684956
TI  - [Child guidance and family counseling centers in West Germany: current status of
      availability].

PMID- 3684957
TI  - [Public relations work in child guidance and family counseling centers--a West
      Germany survey].

PMID- 3684958
TI  - [Utilization of child guidance centers and ambulatory pediatric and adolescent
      psychiatric services: initial empirical results].

PMID- 3684959
TI  - [Conversion syndrome in children and adolescents].

PMID- 3684960
TI  - [Incomplete families and their effect on the children].

PMID- 3684961
TI  - [Psychosomatic diseases in puberty and adolescence].

PMID- 3684962
TI  - Chromosome mosaicism and maternal cell contamination in chorionic villi.
AB  - While chorionic villus sampling allows both early and rapid prenatal diagnosis of
      chromosome disorders, the accuracy of this technique has not been fully
      established. Maternal cell contamination and pseudomosaicism represent two major
      sources of diagnostic error. Combined use of both direct chromosome preparations
      and villus cultures is important in overcoming these problems. Direct
      preparations of villus tissue allow recognition of maternal cell contamination of
      villus cultures. Conversely, villus cultures yield higher resolution chromosomes
      and may be helpful in differentiating between true versus pseudomosaicism when
      two or more cell lines are identified in direct chromosome preparations.
      Preliminary data suggest that analysis of direct preparations from multiple
      individually processed villus fragments may also be of value in this regard.
      Until more experience is gained, mid-trimester amniocentesis should be offered to
      CVS patients when mosaicism is encountered.

PMID- 3684963
TI  - Fibrinopeptide A increases after chorionic villus sampling.
AB  - Fibrinopeptide levels were measured in 20 women during transcervical chorionic
      villus sampling (CVS). Fibrinopeptide A, a sensitive indicator of fibrinogen
      cleavage by thrombin, significantly increased in five subjects, whereas there was
      no change in B beta peptide, an indicator of fibrinolysis. The data suggest that
      modest fibrin formation, uncompensated by fibrinolysis, may be induced in some
      women by CVS.

PMID- 3684964
TI  - Normal development in two six-year-old boys born after prenatal diagnosis of
      trisomy 20 mosaicism.
AB  - Prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 20 mosaicism was made in two pregnancies by
      chromosome analysis of cultured amniotic fluid cells. In both cases, the
      pregnancy continued to term and a healthy male infant was delivered. Regular
      assessments up to the age of 6.5 years revealed normal physical and intellectual
      development in both children.

PMID- 3684965
TI  - Temporal and spatial pattern of cellular myc oncogene expression during human
      placental development.
AB  - The human placental trophoblast component is of embryonic origin and is
      developmentally regulated; the tissue is highly proliferative and often described
      as pseudomalignant. Because cellular oncogenes have been implicated in normal
      cellular proliferation and differentiation processes, we have studied c-myc
      oncogene expression in relation to the progression of human placental
      development. The c-myc transcript shows a 20- to 30-fold variation over the
      course of placental development, with a peak at four to five weeks after
      conception. A clear decline in placental c-myc transcription is seen before the
      end of the first trimester of pregnancy. In situ hybridization to [125I]-labelled
      myc probes demonstrates an unequal distribution of myc transcripts in placenta,
      with particularly high expression in the cytotrophoblastic shell of the early
      placenta. The localization of myc transcripts to cytotrophoblast and the temporal
      pattern of myc expression support a strong correlation between myc transcript
      abundance and cytotrophoblastic proliferation. These findings are discussed in
      the light of a possible role for the c-myc gene in proliferation of normal cells.

PMID- 3684966
TI  - Cytosolic fatty acid binding proteins in rat placenta.
AB  - Placentae from 21 days pregnant rats were assayed for long-chain fatty acid
      binding activity. Oleate binding activity, associated with a low-molecular-weight
      protein fraction resembling liver fatty acid binding protein (FABP or 'Z'
      protein), could be demonstrated after removal of serum albumin by fractionation
      of the placental cytosol on Sephadex G-75. The fatty acid binding activity in the
      placenta was 2 to 4 per cent of the FABP activity present in rat liver.

PMID- 3684967
TI  - Detection of oncomodulin, an oncodevelopmental protein in human placenta and
      choriocarcinoma cell lines.
AB  - Oncomodulin was detected by immunocytochemical means in human placenta and found
      to occur in the cytotrophoblastic shell during implantation, in Langhans type
      villar cytotrophoblastic cells, and in extravillar cytotrophoblast or
      intermediate trophoblast. The presence of oncomodulin during first and early
      second trimester was confirmed by immunoradiometric assay (IRMA). In term
      placenta oncomodulin appeared in intermediate trophoblast cells, and was largely
      absent from the villi which lack cytotrophoblast. Furthermore, oncomodulin was
      abundant in the choriocarcinoma cell line BeWo, and detectable in JAR but not JEG
      3. The function of this oncodevelopmental calcium-binding protein in normal
      development or in neoplasia is not known.

PMID- 3684968
TI  - Biochemical studies on dipeptidyl peptidases I to IV of the human placenta.
AB  - Homogenates of human term placentae were utilized to demonstrate the presence of
      four dipeptidyl peptidases (DPP I to IV) after sequential fractionations with gel
      filtration and anion-exchange chromatography. DPP I was assayed with SerTyrNA as
      substrate and showed the characteristics of a thiol-dependent serine enzyme with
      optimum at pH 4.5 and a molecular weight of 210,000. DPP II, analysed with
      LysAlaNA as substrate, had an optimum at pH 5.5 and a molecular weight of 130,000
      with no dependence on thiol groups or divalent ions. DPP III was studied with
      ArgArgNA as substrate. It was optimally hydrolysed at pH 8.8 and had a molecular
      weight of 84,000. The enzyme was highly suppressed by chelating agents but could
      be reactivated by Co2+ and some other divalent ions. DPP IV, with GlyProNA as
      substrate, displayed an optimum at pH 8.2. The fractionations displayed multiple
      forms of the enzyme, possibly indicating the presence of proto- and polymeric DPP
      IV activities. The protomer had a molecular weight of 260,000 and showed no
      dependence on thiol groups but was sensitive to Zn2+.

PMID- 3684969
TI  - Placenta creta and placenta praevia creta.
AB  - The placental bed in placenta creta and placenta praevia creta was studied from
      pregnancy or immediate postpartum hysterectomy specimens. In all cases placental
      villi were seen in direct contact with myometrium, the sine qua non of placenta
      creta, but was focal in some cases. There was no apparent diminution of decidua
      parietalis or, in cases of focal accreta, of adjacent basalis. In all cases the
      extravillous trophoblast was mainly uninuclear or binuclear, in contrast to the
      placental bed syncytial giant cells seen in late normal placentation. There was
      an apparent proliferation of interstitial trophoblast at the junction of placenta
      with myometrium, but the density of interstitial trophoblast deeper in the
      myometrium was lower than it is in normal placentation. An unusual uteroplacental
      vasculature was seen in which physiological changes were present in large
      arteries of the radial/arcuate system deep in the myometrium, while there were
      also spiral arteries more superficially without physiological changes. These
      findings suggest that in placenta creta there is defective interaction between
      maternal tissues, particularly decidua, and migratory trophoblast in the early
      stages of placentation resulting in undue adherence of the placenta or
      penetration into the uterus coupled with the development of an abnormal
      uteroplacental circulation.

PMID- 3684971
TI  - Placental electron microscopy and histochemistry in a case of sialic acid storage
      disorder.
AB  - Morphological alterations in a placenta from a case of infantile sialic acid
      storage disease are described. Syncytiotrophoblast, villous capillary endothelial
      cells, amniotic and Hofbauer cells were filled with membrane-bound inclusions
      which were either electron-lucent or contained fibrillogranular material.
      Hydrolysis of slides with neuraminidase demonstrated at six hours Alcian blue
      material which was not present in normal syncytium. The possibility that a
      storage disorder such as sialic acid storage disease can be accurately diagnosed
      by electron microscopy on chorion villous sampling at nine to ten weeks is
      emphasized.

PMID- 3684970
TI  - Relaxant effects of hexosamines on isolated small human placental arteries.
AB  - Wharton's jelly contains large amounts of hyaluronic acid, and glucosamine is an
      important constituent of this macromolecule. In order to evaluate the placental
      vascular effects of this aminosugar, small chorionic and stem villous arteries
      were dissected from placental specimens obtained at normal term vaginal
      deliveries (n = 15). Ring preparations were mounted in organ baths, and isometric
      wall tensions were measured. Glucosamine and its epimer galactosamine (5 X 10(-4)
      to 10(-2) M) produced marked relaxation of contractions induced by PGF2 alpha
      (10(-5) M) in both chorionic and stem villous arteries. The effect was unchanged
      after pretreatment with atropin, propranolol and indomethacin. The relaxant
      effect of the neutral sugar mannose was less pronounced compared with that of the
      hexosamines. Total tissue concentrations of placental hexosamines have been
      reported within the range needed to produce placental vascular relaxation in the
      present study. However, the major part of these compounds is integrated in
      macromolecules, and the tissue level of free hexosamine is probably far below the
      total concentrations. Accordingly, the effects of hexosamines demonstrated in the
      present study might not be of physiological importance in the regulation of fetal
      placental medial smooth muscle tension.

PMID- 3684972
TI  - Neurological handicaps among children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy.
AB  - Neurological handicaps among children up to age 14 whose mothers had smoked
      during pregnancy (N = 1,819) and control children born in Northern Finland in
      1966 were studied. Altogether, 78 children of smokers and 62 controls had mental
      retardation (IQ less than 85), cerebral palsy, and/or epilepsy, either current or
      past. Neither the number of handicapped children nor the numbers of the various
      handicaps differed significantly with respect to maternal smoking, although the
      figures were higher among smokers. The children of the smokers had perinatal
      diseases and conditions known to cause long-term neurological sequelae
      significantly more often, but the actual number of such cases did not increase.
      Mortality up to the age of 14 years was statistically significant among children
      born to smokers.

PMID- 3684973
TI  - Familial aggregation in physical fitness, coronary heart disease risk factors,
      and pulmonary function measurements.
AB  - In order to test for the presence of familial aggregation in physical fitness and
      coronary heart disease risk factors, body fat, submaximal power output, muscular
      strength, muscular endurance, blood pressure, pulmonary functions, and several
      blood biochemical variables were measured in 304 nuclear families living in the
      Quebec city area. Analysis of variance indicated a larger between-family than
      within-family variation for all the variables. When all members of nuclear
      families were considered, intraclass correlations ranged from 0.21 to 0.34 (P
      less than or equal to 0.01). Interclass correlations computed for various pairs
      of relatives revealed significant parent-child and sibling correlations for all
      the variables (0.14 less than or equal to r less than or equal to 0.55; P less
      than or equal to 0.01). On the other hand, spousal correlations tended to be
      lower but significant (0.10 less than or equal to r less than or equal to 0.30; P
      less than or equal to 0.05) for all variables except subcutaneous fat and
      hemoglobin concentration. These results suggest that heredity and common
      lifestyle shared by members of nuclear families are responsible for the familial
      aggregation of physical fitness, coronary heart disease risk factors, and
      pulmonary functions. The findings also support the notion of considering the
      nuclear family as a unit of intervention in the application of preventive
      measures aimed at the reduction of several risk factors.

PMID- 3684974
TI  - Aggregation of blood pressure in Anglo-American and Mexican-American families.
AB  - We investigated the aggregation of blood pressure within 95 Anglo-American and
      111 Mexican-American families. Degree of genetic relatedness was evaluated by
      calculating separate correlations for spouses and for each spouse with both same
      sex and opposite-sex offspring. In addition, sibling correlations were evaluated.
      These analyses were performed separately for Anglo-American and Mexican-American
      families. Replicating earlier findings, correlations between blood pressures of
      Anglo spouses were nonsignificant. However, there were significant spousal
      correlations in the Mexican-American group. For Anglo-American families, there
      were significant associations between blood pressures of fathers and sons and
      between blood pressures of mothers and daughters. Correlations between blood
      pressures for opposite-sex parent-child pairs were nonsignificant. In the Mexican
      American group, there were significant correlations between fathers' blood
      pressures and those of both male and female offspring. For mothers, blood
      pressures were weakly correlated with all other family members. These
      relationships remained after adjustment for age, body mass index, and measures of
      dietary habits and activity levels. In general, blood pressure aggregation was
      greater in Mexican-American families.

PMID- 3684975
TI  - Smoking patterns among social contacts of smokers, ex-smokers, and never smokers:
      the Doctors Helping Smokers Study.
AB  - Smoking status of spouses/partners and other social contacts was examined among
      5,241 adults who had recently visited a family physician. Associations between
      smoking status and proportion of social contacts who smoke among men and women of
      three different age groups were assessed by analysis of covariance, with age and
      education as covariates. The proportion of smoking contacts was found to be
      greatest for smokers, less for ex-smokers, and least for never smokers.
      Comparison of data across four types of social contacts by smoking groups
      suggests that, in general, the social contacts of ex-smokers more strongly
      resemble those of never smokers than those of current smokers. The results
      suggest that smokers desiring to become nonsmokers need to enlarge their social
      group to include more nonsmoking contacts, as well as to learn and use coping
      strategies to prevent relapse in the presence of smokers.

PMID- 3684976
TI  - Physical activity assessment for epidemiologic research: the utility of two
      simplified approaches.
AB  - We assessed the utility of two simplified approaches for the assessment of
      physical activity in a random sample of 348 college students (218 white, 130
      black), mean age 19.3 years. Self-assessment of physical activity level was
      obtained from the response (4-point scale) to the question "Compared with others
      your age and sex would you consider yourself to be" (I) much more active to (IV)
      somewhat less active. In addition, the frequency of exercise-induced sweating
      (days/week) was assessed. Responses were compared with measurements of resting
      heart rate, triceps skinfolds, and physical activity as assessed by the Harvard
      Alumni Survey. Results for the self-assessment question indicated significantly
      lower resting heart rates (beats/min) (73.0 vs 64.6, P less than 0.01), triceps
      skinfolds (mm) (10.9 vs 20.4, P less than 0.001), and higher Harvard Survey
      scores (kcal/week) (5,654 vs 1,310, P less than 0.001) for those responding (i)
      compared with (iv). Similar results were noted for the sweat-episode question.
      Those reporting 5-7 sweat episodes per week had significantly lower resting heart
      rates (67.0 vs 74.8, P less than 0.01), triceps skinfolds (14.7 vs 17.3, P less
      than 0.01), and higher Harvard Survey scores (5,717 vs 1,453, P less than 0.001)
      than those reporting 0-1 sweat episodes per week. The results suggest that these
      simplified approaches may provide useful indices of physical activity for
      epidemiologic research and warrant further investigation in other populations.

PMID- 3684977
TI  - Interdependence of associations of physical activity, smoking, and alcohol and
      coffee consumption with serum high-density lipoprotein and non-high-density
      lipoprotein cholesterol--a population study in eastern Finland.
AB  - The interdependence of the associations of physical activity, smoking, and
      consumption of alcohol and coffee with serum high-density lipoprotein and non
      high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations was studied in 9,347 persons
      ages 25-64 years from east and southwest Finland. In covariance analyses with
      corrections for age, body mass index, saturated fat index, and fasting time, the
      mean adjusted serum high-density lipoprotein to non-high-density lipoprotein
      cholesterol ratio was high among physically active male non-smokers but not among
      smokers (P = 0.024 for two-way interaction). The cholesterol ratio was lower
      among both men (P = 0.010 for two-way interaction) and women (P = 0.030 for two
      way interaction) reporting no or very little use of alcohol, and this association
      was stronger among smokers and women with high coffee consumption (P less than
      0.001 for two-way interaction). Our data suggest that the elevating effect of
      regular physical exercise on serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol may be
      absent in smokers, whereas that of alcohol is greater in smokers than nonsmokers.
      High coffee consumption associates with decreased serum high-density lipoprotein
      cholesterol levels in smokers but increased levels in non-smokers.

PMID- 3684978
TI  - Isolated systolic hypertension: declining prevalence in the elderly.
AB  - Isolated systolic hypertension is a prevalent condition among elderly U.S.
      residents of all age, sex, and race groups. In a population-based survey
      conducted on 4,672 adult residents of Georgia in 1981, prevalence rates were
      considerably below those noted in earlier surveys, such as Baldwin County,
      Georgia (1962), National Health Examination Series I (1960-1962), Evans County,
      Georgia (1967-1969), National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I (1971
      1974) and/or II (1976-1980). The lower 1981 prevalence of isolated systolic
      hypertension in Georgia was observed in association with a much greater
      likelihood of anti-hypertensive therapy in adult and elderly patients. The
      overall trend for early and more aggressive therapy of diastolic hypertension
      might account for less arterial rigidity and occurrence of isolated systolic
      hypertension in later life.

PMID- 3684979
TI  - Assessing knowledge of cardiovascular health-related diet and exercise behaviors
      in Anglo- and Mexican-Americans.
AB  - This article describes the Adult and Child Behavior Knowledge Scales that were
      used as part of the San Diego Family Health Project to measure knowledge of
      health behaviors related to cardiovascular diseases in two ethnic groups: Anglo-
      and Mexican-Americans. The psychometric characteristics of these scales indicate
      acceptable reliabilities for assessing knowledge of dietary sodium, dietary fat,
      and exercise among both adults and children and differ from other health
      knowledge scales in that they focus on "behavioral capability" rather than on the
      link between behavior and disease. It is believed that the type of information
      measured by our scales is more closely related to behavior changes sought in
      contemporary cardiovascular disease prevention trials. Results of ANOVA used to
      test differences in knowledge by ethnicity and sex indicate strong main effects
      for ethnicity among both children and adults. However, sex was not consistently
      related to knowledge, except for the general tendency of males to be more
      knowledgeable about exercise. Step-wise and simultaneous-entry multiple
      regression were used to test a subset of variables, including sex, education,
      self-efficacy, acculturation (for Mexican-Americans), and parental health
      knowledge (for children) as determinants of health knowledge. Education was the
      strongest predictor for Anglo-American adults, and acculturation level was the
      strongest for Mexican-American adults. Among children, the only statistically
      significant variable was parental acculturation level for Mexican-Americans. The
      scales were found to be useful in measuring differences in knowledge across
      cultural/linguistic groups and to clearly identify marginally acculturated
      Mexican-Americans as being least aware of health-behavior knowledge. Implications
      are discussed.

PMID- 3684980
TI  - Use of preventive care by the elderly.
AB  - Use of five early disease detection tests was examined in relation to history of
      specific chronic disease and other health habits, as part of a cohort study
      including 11,888 residents of a retirement community in Southern California. Self
      reported utilization rates by residents in the year preceding study entry were
      approximately 90, 30, 60, and 10% for blood pressure measurement, fecal occult
      blood test, Papanicolaou test, and mammography, respectively. Breast self
      examination was practiced by 37% of the women on a regular basis. With the
      exception of the Pap test and blood pressure check, the majority of the study
      population did not use preventive procedures at the recommended frequencies. The
      most important determinants of use of screening tests in this elderly population
      were previous diagnosis of chronic disease, especially of the disease detected by
      the test itself, and having a regular physician. These two factors appeared to
      affect use independently.

PMID- 3684981
TI  - [Concurrent nonspecific pathology in patients with osteoarticular tuberculosis].

PMID- 3684982
TI  - [Significance of intrapulmonary vascular shunting in tuberculosis].

PMID- 3684983
TI  - [Clinico-roentgenologic variants of infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 3684984
TI  - [Regional ventilation-perfusion ratio in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 3684985
TI  - [Problem of early detection of pulmonary tuberculosis in adults].

PMID- 3684986
TI  - [Corrective possibilities of rifampicin in ineffective chemotherapy of
      destructive pulmonary tuberculosis in children and adolescents].

PMID- 3684988
TI  - [Ways of improving the treatment of tuberculosis in children and adolescents at a
      sanatorium].

PMID- 3684987
TI  - [Controlled intermittent chemotherapy of chronic destructive pulmonary
      tuberculosis in patients over 50 years of age].

PMID- 3684989
TI  - [Current aspects of pathogenetic therapy of tuberculosis].

PMID- 3684990
TI  - [Tuberculin treatment of chronic destructive pulmonary tuberculosis with
      bronchospastic syndrome].

PMID- 3684991
TI  - [Use of a constant magnetic field for increasing the effectiveness of
      chemotherapy in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 3684992
TI  - [Incidence, causes and prevention of reactivation of pulmonary tuberculosis after
      surgical intervention].

PMID- 3684993
TI  - [Participation of phthisiologic services in rural areas in mass screening of the
      population].

PMID- 3684994
TI  - [Methods of extracorporeal detoxication in phthisiologic patients with chronic
      renal failure].

PMID- 3684995
TI  - [Correction of the toxic effect of isoniazid preparations].

PMID- 3684996
TI  - [Effect of ethionamide and isoniazid on lipid peroxidation and the condition of
      the liver].

PMID- 3684997
TI  - [Severe manifestations of drug allergy in patients with tuberculosis].

PMID- 3684999
TI  - The satellite congress of the Fourth World Congress for Microcirculation. July 20
      22, 1987, Beijing, China. Program and abstracts.

PMID- 3684998
TI  - [Role of chemical prevention of tuberculosis in current epidemiologic
      situations].

PMID- 3685000
TI  - Mitotic activity in the craniofacial cartilages. IV. Circadian variation in
      mitotic activity in the cranial base cartilages of 20-day-old rats.

PMID- 3685001
TI  - Influence of time on the results of Dentobuff test.

PMID- 3685002
TI  - [Acute fungal stomatitis in an immunocompromised host. Causative agents,
      serological findings, topical treatment].

PMID- 3685003
TI  - [Pulp nerve responses to dentin stimulation in the dog: activation mechanisms and
      connection with tissue damage in the pulp].

PMID- 3685004
TI  - [Patterns and indicators of dental decay in the permanent dentition of children
      and adolescents].

PMID- 3685005
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Results of a
      computed tomography study of the temporomandibular joint and physiological
      masticatory treatment compared to acupuncture].

PMID- 3685006
TI  - [The genus Bacteroides in human dental root canal infections. Taxonomic,
      ultrastructural, and clinical studies].

PMID- 3685007
TI  - [Periodontal superinfections].

PMID- 3685008
TI  - [Electrophysiological studies of afferent C-fiber innervation in the dental
      pulp].

PMID- 3685009
TI  - Xylitol chewing gum in caries prevention. A longitudinal study on Finnish school
      children.

PMID- 3685010
TI  - Occurrence of root caries and factors related to it.

PMID- 3685011
TI  - Techniques in the fine needle aspiration biopsy of the prostate.
AB  - In general, aspiration cytology of the prostate has not been a frequently used
      technique, in part because all too often there has been a poor yield of cells for
      cytologic evaluation. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate various
      needle designs and techniques for obtaining specimens and making slides. Cadaver
      prostates and surgical specimens were used to evaluate a series of 22 gauge
      aspiration needles. Cytology slides were fixed and stained with either
      Papanicolaou or hematoxylin and eosin stain. Coded slides were assigned a score
      representing the number of fields (magnification X 40) covered. The angle of the
      bevel or the size of the side-port (0.030 inch long and 0.01 inch deep or 0.045
      inch long and 0.01 inch deep) did not significantly affect the results. However,
      the presence of the side-eye on a control spinal needle or an existing Franzen
      aspiration needle significantly improved the yield of cells (P less than .05).
      Frosted and non-frosted slides were evaluated as well as other techniques for
      making smears. In conclusion, an outline for making cytologic slides for
      aspirations of the prostate is presented.

PMID- 3685012
TI  - Regulation and contraction of smooth muscle. Proceedings of an International
      Union of Physiological Sciences satellite conference. Minaki, Ontario, Canada,
      July 20-24, 1986.

PMID- 3685013
TI  - Ca2+ regulation in smooth muscle; dissociation of myosin light chain kinase
      activity from activation of actin-myosin interaction.

PMID- 3685014
TI  - Cyclic AMP dependent and myosin light chain kinase: relationship to altered
      vascular reactivity in hypertension and development of direct pharmacological
      modulators.

PMID- 3685015
TI  - Slowing of crossbridge cycling rate in mammalian smooth muscle occurs without
      evidence of an increase in internal load.

PMID- 3685016
TI  - Stiffness and the energetics of active shortening in chemically skinned smooth
      muscle.

PMID- 3685017
TI  - Crossbridge properties studied during forced elongation of active smooth muscle.

PMID- 3685018
TI  - Dependence of stress and velocity on Ca2+ and myosin phosphorylation in the
      skinned swine carotid media.

PMID- 3685019
TI  - Determinants of the latch state in vascular smooth muscle.

PMID- 3685020
TI  - Calcium/calmodulin activation of gizzard skinned fibers at low levels of myosin
      phosphorylation.

PMID- 3685021
TI  - Influence of ATP, ADP and AMPPNP on the energetics of contraction in skinned
      smooth muscle.
AB  - The contraction of smooth muscle is influenced by the substrate MgATP and the
      product MgADP. The effects on force, shortening velocity and ATP-turnover, are
      consistent with an influence on the kinetics of cross-bridge cycling. Part of
      these effects are mediated via an influence on the regulation of contraction by
      myosin light chain phosphorylation. Results from preparations activated by
      thiophosphorylation, show that MgATP and MgADP also interact directly at the
      cross-bridge level, and are consistent with MgADP acting as a competitive ATP
      analogue. The slow shortening velocity and decreased rate of ATP-induced
      relaxation from rigor in the presence of MgADP, suggest an inhibition of cross
      bridge detachment. The rate of ATP-turnover was decreased in the presence of the
      nonhydrolyzable ATP-analogue AMPPNP. These results may contribute to the
      characterization of the biochemical reactions in the structurally organized
      smooth muscle contractile system. In addition, the influence of MgATP and MgADP
      on smooth muscle contraction suggest that the concentrations of substrate and
      products, at the level of the contractile proteins, may constitute important
      regulatory factors in vivo under conditions, such as hypoxia and ischemia,
      associated with impaired cellular energy supply.

PMID- 3685023
TI  - Isoforms of myosin in smooth muscle.

PMID- 3685022
TI  - Non-Ca2+-activated contraction in smooth muscle.

PMID- 3685024
TI  - Subunit exchange between smooth muscle myosin filaments.
AB  - Myosin filaments are in equilibrium with a "critical concentration" of monomer
      (Josephs & Harrington, 1966). Our recent studies with smooth muscle myosin
      minifilaments and larger synthetic filaments suggest that this monomer pool
      undergoes more extensive exchange with the polymer than would occur if only
      polymer ends were involved. This observation provides a possible explanation for
      the behavior of copolymers of dephosphorylated and phosphorylated myosin in the
      presence of nucleotide. Upon addition of 1 mM MgATP, essentially all of the
      dephosphorylated myosin disassembled to the folded monomeric conformation,
      despite the presence of the more stable phosphorylated molecules in the same
      polymer. If molecules exchange freely in and out of the filament, phosphorylated
      myosin would not be expected to exert a significant stabilizing influence on
      neighboring dephosphorylated molecules.

PMID- 3685025
TI  - Some observations on taurine homeostasis in patients with retinitis pigmentosa.

PMID- 3685026
TI  - Retinal changes in abnormal amino acid metabolism.

PMID- 3685027
TI  - Molecular genetics of gyrate atrophy.

PMID- 3685028
TI  - Two-dimensional gel electrophoretic analysis of lectin receptors in the
      degenerative retina of C3H mouse.

PMID- 3685029
TI  - Appearance of PNA-binding cells within the outer nuclear layer coinciding with
      photoreceptor degeneration in rd mice.
AB  - Peanut agglutinin (PNA), a lectin with affinity for galactose-galactosamine
      disaccharides, has been employed to monitor alterations in carbohydrate
      expression in retinal degenerative (rd) mice. Mice homozygous for the rd gene
      exhibit a rapid loss of rod photoreceptor cells in the first postnatal month;
      outer segment degeneration is first detected between postnatal days (P) 12-P14
      and most rod photoreceptors degenerate by P30. In the rd mouse, PNA-binding cells
      are observed in the outer nuclear layer (ONL) between P10 and P18, a time
      corresponding to the intense phase of photoreceptor cell death (LaVail et al.,
      1982). At no time are PNA-positive cells identified within the ONL of control
      retinas. PNA-binding cells typically occur in groups and binding of the lectin
      appears to be restricted to granular elements of the cytoplasm. This report
      represents the first documentation of changes in the expression and/or
      accessibility of glycoconjugates in the degenerating ONL of the rd retina.
      Further analysis of the relationship between regional distribution of PNA-binding
      cells in the ONL and degenerating photoreceptors of the rd may lead to a better
      understanding of the mechanism of cell death induced by this mutation.

PMID- 3685030
TI  - A method for explanting retina and retinal pigment epithelium of the mouse and
      culturing both tissues together.

PMID- 3685031
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of ornithine aminotransferase in rat ocular
      tissues.

PMID- 3685032
TI  - Retinal degeneration in the WKY rat.
AB  - An outer retinal degeneration occurs in middle aged Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, the
      normotensive counterpart to the spontaneous hypertensive rat strain (SHR). The
      degeneration, like that of other spontaneous and experimentally-induced outer
      layer retinopathies of rats, is characterized by a progressive loss of
      photoreceptor and outer nuclear layers which, in turn, leads to contact between
      the deep capillary bed of the retina and the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE)
      cells. RPE proliferation and/or migration causes a number of capillaries to
      become enmeshed within RPE cells, and some of those capillaries undergo
      morphologic and physiologic alterations such that they resemble choroidal
      capillaries. There is variable loss of the choriocapillaris associated with this
      retinopathy, but since this is also seen to some degree in normal eyes, it is not
      known if this is an integral part of the pathologic process.

PMID- 3685033
TI  - Blood-retinal barrier changes in the retinal pigment epithelium of RCS rats with
      inherited retinal degeneration.

PMID- 3685034
TI  - Hereditary rod-cone degeneration in a strain of Abyssinian cats.
AB  - The retinal disease found in this strain of Abyssinian cats is a heritable
      disorder, primarily affecting the photoreceptors. The retina is, in most cases,
      ophthalmoscopically normal until the age of 1.5-2 years. The retinal changes that
      then appear are slowly progressive and lead to a generalized retinal atrophy in
      another 2-4 years. It is obvious that this cat retinal degeneration shows many
      similarities to human Retinitis Pigmentosa. Just as in RP the
      midperiphery/periphery is most severely affected at the earlier stages, and with
      progression of disease alterations become generalized, the central retina being
      the best preserved area until the very late stage. Rods are affected prior to
      cones, but later in the disease there is an involvement of both rods and cones.
      Also, the disease process is slow, starting off from an ophthalmoscopically
      normal appearing retina. This strain of Abyssinian cats, affected by the
      presently described retinal disease, therefore has the potential of becoming a
      new animal model in the study of hereditary visual cell disease processes.

PMID- 3685035
TI  - Fine structural significance of bone corpuscle-shaped pigmentation in the human
      retinal pigment degeneration.
AB  - Two cases of advanced RPD were observed their trypsin digested vascular trees and
      retinal substructures, especially RPE and pigmented cells in the neural retina.
      In the both eyes the visual cell was almost completely degenerated to disappear
      except posterior regions and apical part of RPE came to contact with neural
      retina or external limiting membrane formed by tight junction between adjacent
      Muller cell processes. Occasionally RPE in the equatorial region had completely
      disappeared and was replaced by Muller cell processes which was directly apposed
      to the Bruch's membrane. Pigmented cells were observed at almost all levels of
      the neural retina and along the intraretinal capillary. Pigmented cells were
      classified into three types. The first type of the cell was corresponded with the
      macrophage in the substructural features. The second type of the cell was RPE
      proliferated or migrated into the neural retina forming bone corpuscle-shape
      pigmentation in the retina and along the intraretinal capillary. Muller cell
      processes also indicated up-taking pigment granules, that is, the third type of
      the pigmented cell.

PMID- 3685036
TI  - Biochemical studies of progressive rod-cone degeneration in miniature poodles.

PMID- 3685037
TI  - A comparison of the retinal effects of light damage and high illuminance light
      history.

PMID- 3685038
TI  - Light-induced retinal degeneration in albino mice and rats: strain and species
      differences.

PMID- 3685039
TI  - Ascorbate and dietary protective mechanisms in retinal light damage of rats:
      electrophysiological, histological and DNA measurements.

PMID- 3685040
TI  - Retinal changes associated with taurine depletion in pigmented rats.

PMID- 3685042
TI  - The effect of deferoxamine, an iron chelator, on the morphology of the retina.

PMID- 3685041
TI  - Taurine-deficient pigmented and albino rats: early retinal abnormalities and
      differential rates of photoreceptor degeneration.

PMID- 3685043
TI  - Early degeneration of photoreceptor cells in urethane-induced retinopathy of
      rats.

PMID- 3685044
TI  - Effects of tunicamycin during early postnatal mammalian ocular development.

PMID- 3685045
TI  - The gray squirrel lens protects the retina from near-UV radiation damage.

PMID- 3685046
TI  - Immunocytochemistry of retinitis pigmentosa retinas: localization of HIOMT
      immunoreactivity in surviving photoreceptor cells.

PMID- 3685047
TI  - Altered glycoconjugates in cultures of retinitis pigmentosa retinal pigment
      epithelium.
AB  - These studies have shown that these are some alterations in the complex
      carbohydrates associated with the cell surface of RPE cells from donors with
      dominant retinitis pigmentosa. Differences are found both in proteoglycans and in
      glycoproteins. Proteoglycans of different sizes and glycosaminoglycan composition
      are associated with distinct cellular compartments of normal RPE cells. In the
      case of dominant retinitis pigmentosa studied here, there are some alterations in
      RPE proteoglycans. Within a given cellular compartment, there may be differences
      in the size distribution and/or the ratios of the proteoglycan size classes. In
      addition, there may be altered glycosaminoglycan content found between peaks of
      comparable size. There also appears to be more microheterogenity in
      oligosaccharides derived from surface glycoproteins of retinitis pigmentosa RPE
      cells. This may be due to differences in the total number of carbohydrate units
      or in the organization of the branching structure as suggested by altered size
      distribution and lectin-reactivity, respectively. While the reason for these
      differences is not clear, they could be due to abnormal processing and/or
      increased degradation. Considering their importance, alterations in cell surface
      glycoconjugates could affect the ability of RPE cells to interact with their
      environment and to maintain a healthy status.

PMID- 3685048
TI  - Lipid metabolism in retinitis pigmentosa.

PMID- 3685049
TI  - [Are liverworts medicinal plants?].

PMID- 3685050
TI  - Acute exposure to noise affects sodium-dependent high-affinity choline uptake in
      the central nervous system of the rat.
AB  - Rats were acutely (45 min) exposed to white noise at intensity of either 70 or
      100 dB. Sodium-dependent high-affinity choline uptake was determined in the
      striatum, frontal cortex, hypothalamus, and hippocampus immediately after
      exposure. The effects of noise on choline uptake varied according to the
      intensity of the noise and the brain area studied. Exposure to noise of 70 dB
      significantly increased the choline uptake in the frontal cortex, hypothalamus,
      and hippocampus as compared to the uptake of sham-exposed rats, whereas decreased
      choline uptake in the frontal cortex and hippocampus was observed acute exposure
      to noise of 100 dB. No significant effect on choline uptake in the striatum was
      seen after exposure to noise of either intensity. In addition, pretreatment of
      the rats with the narcotic antagonist naltrexone (1 mg/kg, IP) before noise
      exposure blocked the effects of noise on choline uptake in the central nervous
      system. Changes in cholinergic activity in the central nervous system could be a
      response to the stress effect of noise and may be mediated by endogenous opioids.

PMID- 3685051
TI  - Biochemical and behavioral effects of intrahippocampal AF64A in rats.
AB  - AF64A (ethylcholine aziridinium, 1 nmole) injected into the dorsal hippocampus of
      the rat decreased choline acetyltransferase activity there by 20% without greatly
      affecting adjacent areas. The decrease was maximal by 3 days, and persisted for
      at least 3 weeks. The acetylcholine concentration at the injection site was
      decreased by 25-30% from 3 days to 4 weeks. Rats were trained on a continuous
      reinforcement (CRF) food-reinforced lever press schedule and then injected
      bilaterally in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus. Subsequent switching to a
      daily CRF-extinction schedule resulted in increased responding during extinction
      compared to controls which persisted for at least 13 session. However, injection
      after switching schedules increased it for only 2 sessions. This indicates that
      the persistently increased extinction responding is due mainly to impaired
      learned habituation to a new schedule. Most of the extinction effect of the
      intrahippocampal AF64A was due to its injection at the dorsal site. Separate rats
      which were trained on the 8-arm radial maze task (a test of short-term spatial
      working memory) and injected as above only showed marginally impaired task
      performance even at higher doses. We conclude that even relatively minor,
      localized, cholinergic deficits confined to the hippocampus can produce
      significant learning and memory impairments in situations where intermediate or
      long term memory formation is required.

PMID- 3685052
TI  - Flurothyl seizure thresholds in mice treated neonatally with a single injection
      of monosodium glutamate (MSG): evaluation of experimental parameters in flurothyl
      seizure testing.
AB  - Monosodium glutamate (MSG) administration to neonatal rodents produces
      convulsions and results in numerous biochemical and behavioral deficits. These
      studies were undertaken to determine if neonatal administration of MSG produced
      permanent alterations in seizure susceptibility, since previous investigations
      were inconclusive. A flurothyl ether seizure screening technique was used to
      evaluate seizure susceptibility in adult mice that received neonatal injections
      of MSG (4 mg/g and 1 mg/g). MSG treatment resulted in significant reductions in
      whole brain weight but did not alter seizure threshold. A naloxone (5 mg/kg)
      challenge was also ineffective in altering the seizure thresholds of either
      control of MSG-treated mice. Flurothyl ether produced hypothermia which was
      correlated with the duration of flurothyl exposure; however, the relationship of
      hypothermia to seizure induction was unclear. Flurothyl seizure testing proved to
      be a rapid and reliable technique with which to evaluate seizure susceptibility.

PMID- 3685053
TI  - Recording oral activity in rats reveals a long-lasting subsensitivity to
      haloperidol as a function of duration of previous haloperidol treatment.
AB  - Rats pretreated with no drug or with one of two dose levels of continuous
      haloperidol for 6, 12, or 24 weeks were then given a 5 month drug free interval
      followed by a single injection of 1 mg/kg haloperidol. Oral movement activity was
      recorded 2 days before and 7 days after the acute injection of haloperidol using
      a computerized scoring apparatus. Whereas prior to the acute injection there were
      no differences between groups, postinjection scores indicated a linear response
      curve, with the animals which had the least time of exposure showing the greatest
      increases in oral movement behavior. These data indicate that duration of
      treatment is a more important factor than is dose level in the development of
      persistent changes in dopamine-mediated oral activity.

PMID- 3685054
TI  - Effects of caffeine and L-phenylisopropyladenosine on locomotor activity of mice.
AB  - C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice were used to determine if possible differences in the
      behavioral response to caffeine might be related to differences in A1 adenosine
      receptors. Caffeine stimulated locomotor activity of both strains, but the dose
      response relationship and time course of drug action differed according to
      strain. Although their response to caffeine differed, the strains did not differ
      in response to the A1 adenosine agonist L-phenylisopropyladenosine (PIA) nor in
      the binding of the A1 agonist [3H]N6-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) in various brain
      regions. Thus, the behavioral differences in response to caffeine could not be
      accounted for by differences in adenosine binding. Of alternative mechanisms,
      strain differences in A2 receptors appear to be the most promising.

PMID- 3685055
TI  - A delayed onset of haloperidol effects on learned escape and avoidance behavior.
AB  - The effects of 0.3 mg/kg haloperidol (H) on the acquisition and maintenance of
      footshock escape behavior of rats in a one meter runway was investigated. In the
      acquisition phase, a group (N = 6) given H before testing (HB) showed severely
      retarded acquisition and performance of the escape response, as compared with a
      group (N = 6) given H after testing (HA). When the HB and HA treatments were
      reversed for the groups behavioral performance was initially unaffected. At
      first, the HA group switched to the HB condition continued to exhibit rapid
      escape behavior and the HB group switched to the HA treatment continued to have
      slow escape behavior. Over the course of 8 days of testing, however, the
      performances of the two groups gradually reversed. After completion of this
      testing the HB and HA treatments again were switched and the animals were tested
      for both avoidance and escape behavior. Again, the performance of the animals
      initially did not change after the treatment switch, but with repeated testing
      and treatments, the avoidance and escape behavior of the HB group slowed
      substantially and that of the HA group accelerated markedly. These findings
      support previous observations that over learned behaviors are much less sensitive
      to disruption by haloperidol treatment than behaviors which are undergoing
      learning. The important contribution of the present study was in demonstrating
      that this insensitivity is a transitional, transient phenomenon and that with
      chronic treatment and testing, over learned behaviors can be strongly affected by
      haloperidol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3685056
TI  - Characteristics of reserpine-induced suppression of NaCl solution intake in rats.
AB  - Effects of single and repeated administration of reserpine on time-limited
      drinking of a hypertonic (1.5% w/w) NaCl solution were investigated in rats to
      assess whether this drug possesses anxiolytic action. Rats adapted to a 23-hr
      water-deprivation schedule with a free-feeding regimen were allowed a daily 1-hr
      water rehydration session. In the single-administration experiment, reserpine
      (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg, IP) was administered to rats at 15 min or 23 hr before a
      drinking session, where the fluid available was 1.5% NaCl solution. Drug was
      administered every 7th day. In the repeated-administration experiment, reserpine
      (0.1 mg/kg/day) was injected daily for 10 days 15 min before each drinking
      session. The fluid available was water on the first 9 days and NaCl solution on
      the 10th day. Reserpine suppressed NaCl solution intake when it was singly
      administered at 15 min before the rehydration, whereas no significant change in
      the fluid intake occurred when it was administered 23 hr before drinking, even
      though rats showed ptosis in response to 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg doses. Tolerance
      developed to the suppressing effect of repeated administration of reserpine on
      fluid intake, although ptosis and sedation continued and body weights decreased.
      Tolerance was almost complete after 11 days. The results suggest that reserpine
      does not have an anxiolytic effect.

PMID- 3685057
TI  - Methylphenidate affects strategic choice behavior in normal adult humans.
AB  - The time course of serum concentration and performance on a concurrent
      probability matching task were evaluated in normal adults receiving 0.15 or 0.3
      mg/kg of methylphenidate. The behavioral task, an arcade-like problem-solving
      game, revealed that drug-treated subjects improved their performance upon
      repeated testings during pharmacokinetic evaluation at a lower rate than did non
      treated controls over the same time span. However, drug-treated subjects failed
      to adopt the adaptive problem-solving strategies selected by controls.

PMID- 3685058
TI  - Characteristics of memory impairment in cerebral embolized rats at the chronic
      stage.
AB  - The effect of cerebral embolization on learning and memory in rats was studied at
      the chronic stage (8 weeks or more after embolization). At the chronic stage,
      embolized rats showed no significant change in emotional behavior, but exhibited
      an increase in ambulation in the open-field test. Rats with cerebral embolization
      exhibited marked impairment of the response was observed at the chronic stage. In
      a two-way active avoidance task, embolized rats showed accelerated acquisition of
      the avoidance response in comparison with a sham-operated control group. However,
      at the chronic stage, embolized rats exhibited marked impairment of light-dark
      discrimination learning. Spatial memory impairment was also observed in embolized
      rats, as demonstrated by a significant decrease in initial correct responses and
      an increase in total errors in the radial maze task. Upon microscopic
      examination, multi-focal necroses were detected in several brain regions, being
      particularly obvious in the hippocampus and internal capsule of the embolized
      hemisphere. These results demonstrate that embolized rats show definite
      impairment of memory and learning at the chronic stage, and suggest that the
      impairment may be qualitatively different from that observed at the early stage.

PMID- 3685059
TI  - Dissociation of dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic substrates for cues produced by
      electrical stimulation of the ventral tegmental area.
AB  - The present study provides evidence for the existence of multiple substrates for
      cues produced by electrical stimulation of the ventral tegmental area in rats.
      Two different procedures were employed to assess the effects of amphetamine and
      haloperidol on the discrimination of high and low intensity cues produced by
      electrical brain stimulation (EBS). When the procedure involved frequent
      presentation of brief trials, amphetamine and haloperidol had no effect on the
      discrimination of EBS. In contrast, when the trials were less frequent and
      extended in duration, amphetamine enhanced the perceived intensity of the cues
      whereas haloperidol had the opposite effect. These results indicate that the use
      of different discrimination procedures may result in the measurement of separate
      dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic substrates for cue properties of EBS in the
      ventral tegmental area.

PMID- 3685060
TI  - Differential effects of physostigmine on cues produced by electrical stimulation
      of the ventral tegmental area using two discrimination procedures.
AB  - Two procedures were employed to assess the effects of physostigmine on the
      discrimination of cues produced by either high or low intensity electrical brain
      stimulation (EBS) of the ventral tegmental area in rats. When the procedure
      involved frequent presentation of brief trials, physostigmine enhanced the
      perceived intensities of the cues, causing the rats to respond to low intensities
      as though they had higher values. In contrast, physostigmine had no effects on
      the discrimination when the trials were less frequent and extended in duration.
      These results confirm the existence of multiple substrates for cues produced by
      stimulation of the ventral tegmental area in rats and implicate cholinergic
      neurons as substrates for the non-dopaminergic cues identified in the companion
      paper.

PMID- 3685062
TI  - Acquisition of amygdala-kindled seizures in female rats: relationship between the
      effect of estradiol and intra-amygdaloid electrode location.
AB  - Ovariectomized, adult female rats, with or without estradiol replacement, were
      kindled by daily amygdala stimulation. Kindling acquisition varied with the intra
      amygdala site of stimulation. During stimulation of the medial (AME) or central
      (ACE) nucleus, the only effect of estradiol replacement (E), compared to non
      replaced rats (nE), was to significantly decrease the number of trials with
      afterdischarge (AD) during early kindling (stage 0). In rats receiving
      stimulation of the cortical nucleus (ACO) or the baso-lateral group of nuclei
      (ABL), a similar effect of estradiol was extended through stage 1. In addition,
      nE rats with ACO or ABL electrodes required significantly more trials with AD and
      accumulated more than twice the sec of AD during the late stages of kindling,
      compared to E rats and regressed to lower stage responses between the first stage
      4 and last stage 5 responses; regressed responses never occurred in E rats.
      Estradiol also significantly decreased the prekindling AD threshold of the AME
      and ACE. These results indicate that estradiol accelerates early stage kindling,
      likely by proconvulsive properties to increase excitability within immediate
      amygdala projections. During late kindling stages, estradiol may participate in
      reinforcing or sustaining the convulsive readiness of kindling circuits
      established during bilateral recruitment. The site of action for this latter
      effect of estradiol may reside within circuits accessed by stimulation of the ACO
      or ABL, and not the AME or ACE.

PMID- 3685061
TI  - Motor responses of autoimmune NZB/B1NJ and C57BL/6Nnia mice to arecoline and
      nicotine.
AB  - In 11-13 month C57BL/6Nnia mice, arecoline produced a dose-dependent decrease in
      motor activity at doses of 0.64-2.5 mg/kg, whereas at doses of 5.0-20.0 mg/kg
      arecoline produced a dose-dependent increase in motor activity. In marked
      contrast, age-matched NZB/B1NJ (New Zealand Black) mice failed to exhibit the
      first phase of the response, but showed a greater dose-dependent increase in
      motor activity following the doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg. Nicotine, 0.64-2.5 mg/kg,
      produced a dose-dependent decrease in motor activity in both strains. The effects
      of arecoline and nicotine were antagonized by scopolamine (2.5 mg/kg) and
      mecamylamine (1.0 mg/kg), respectively. These findings suggest that muscarinic
      neurotransmission may be altered in NZB/B1NJ mice, which produce brain-reactive
      autoantibodies, exhibit learning/memory dysfunctions, and also exhibit a loss of
      neurons staining positive for choline acetyltransferase.

PMID- 3685063
TI  - Refined cigarette smoke as a method for reducing nicotine intake.
AB  - We developed a method of refining tobacco smoke to deliver sensory components of
      cigarette smoking while minimizing the delivery of nicotine and other toxic smoke
      constituents. In the first experiment, smokers rated puffs of their own brands of
      cigarette, a commercial low tar and nicotine cigarette, and refined smoke. The
      refined smoke was rated significantly stronger and more desirable than the low
      tar and nicotine cigarette despite a comparably low nicotine delivery; subjects'
      own brands were rated best, but in standardized smoking tests delivered over ten
      times more tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide. In the second experiment, subjects
      smoked five times on each of two mornings; one day they received refined smoke
      and the other day smoked a low tar and nicotine cigarette. The refined smoke
      produced significantly more satisfaction, yet delivered far less carbon monoxide
      and tar (assessed by mouth intake). Nicotine intake was comparable to that of the
      low tar and nicotine cigarette. Because refined smoke substantially reduced
      subjects' craving for cigarettes while reducing nicotine intake, it may prove to
      be a useful short-term adjunct to a smoking cessation program. Additionally, the
      method may be useful in research analyzing the relative contributions of
      pharmacologic actions of inhaled smoke and the sensory cues associated with
      nicotine intake as reinforcers maintaining smoking behavior.

PMID- 3685064
TI  - The combined effects of morphine and d-amphetamine on the threshold for brain
      stimulation reward.
AB  - The effect of morphine and d-amphetamine co-administration on the threshold for
      rewarding intracranial electrical stimulation was studied in rats with electrodes
      stereotaxically implanted in the medial forebrain bundle-lateral hypothalamic or
      ventral tegmental area of the brain. Thresholds were determined by means of a
      rate-independent psychophysical method. Individually, morphine and d-amphetamine
      both caused a dose-related lowering of the reward threshold. Low doses of
      morphine or d-amphetamine which were ineffective or minimally effective in
      lowering the reward threshold were then tested with various doses of either d
      amphetamine or morphine, respectively. In both cases, the combined administration
      of morphine and d-amphetamine resulted in a lowering of the reward threshold that
      was greater than for the corresponding doses of morphine and d-amphetamine when
      given alone. Given that increased sensitivity for rewarding brain stimulation has
      been suggested to be an animal model of drug-induced euphoria, this effect is
      congruent with the reported increase in the degree of euphoria produced when
      amphetamine is used in conjunction with opiate drugs.

PMID- 3685065
TI  - Noradrenergic rather than GABAergic processes as the common mediation of the
      antidepressant profile of GABA agonists and imipramine-like drugs in animals.
AB  - The present study was aimed at investigating in rats whether a common mechanism
      might underlie the reversal of depressive-like behaviors by classical
      antidepressants and by GABA agonists such as muscimol. Blockade of GABA
      transmission with picrotoxin (1 mg/kg IP) abolished the muscimol (0.5-1 mg/kg)
      induced reduction of immobility in the swimming test and the reversal of escape
      failures in the learned helplessness paradigm. Conversely, picrotoxin was found
      not to reduce the efficacy of imipramine-like drugs in these same animal models.
      The combination of muscimol and tricyclics given at subeffective doses resulted
      in behavioral changes that can be accounted for by an additive interaction
      between these two classes of drugs. These data confirm the antidepressant-like
      profile of GABA agonists but suggest that it is unlikely that the primary
      antidepressant mechanism of conventional antidepressants involves GABA-A
      receptors. In the swimming test, prazosin (2 mg/kg), an alpha adrenoceptor
      blocker, antagonized the reduction of immobility produced by both muscimol and
      imipramine-like drugs. In the learned helplessness paradigm, penbutolol (0.25-0.5
      mg/kg) and, though to a lesser extent prazosin, counter-acted the reversal of
      escape failures caused by muscimol and imipramine. On the basis of these data, it
      is tempting to speculate that increased transmitter outflow at noradrenergic
      receptors may be an essential component in the mechanism of action of imipramine
      like drugs but also of GABA agonists.

PMID- 3685066
TI  - The effects of intracranial administration of hallucinogens on operant behavior
      in the rat. II. 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM).
AB  - 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM) was infused into discrete brain regions
      of rats trained to press a bar for food reinforcement on a fixed ratio-40 (FR
      40). Sites were chosen as major areas of the brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)
      system: the dorsal and median raphe nuclei, dorsal hippocampus, lateral habenular
      nuclei and the prefrontal cortex. Following training in a fixed ratio-40 (FR-40)
      operant behavior rats were implanted with stainless steel cannulae into the brain
      area to be examined. Bilateral cannulae were implanted for the lateral habenular
      nuclei, dorsal hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex. Following recovery from
      surgery, DOM (20-300 micrograms) was tested on operant behavior by infusing the
      drug immediately before the operant session. Infusion of vehicle was inactive.
      DOM produced a dose-dependent decrease in reinforcements and a concomitant
      increase in 10-sec periods of non-responding (pause intervals). DOM was more
      potent when infused into the median raphe nucleus than following
      intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration. DOM was less potent when infused
      into the dorsal raphe, prefrontal cortex or dorsal hippocampus. Infusion of DOM
      into the lateral habenular nuclei produced a biphasic dose-response curve. ED50s
      for increases in pause intervals were 47, 77, 92, 103, and 114 micrograms for
      infusion into the median raphe, dorsal raphe, prefrontal cortex, lateral
      habenulae, and dorsal hippocampus, respectively. The ED50 for ICV administration
      in a previous study was 58 micrograms. The effects of DOM in the lateral
      habenulae could be divided into two curves; one curve had an ED50 of 69
      micrograms, whereas the other had an ED50 of 176 micrograms. Furthermore, the
      dose-response curve for IP administration of DOM was shifted to the left in
      animals with cannulae placed into the lateral habenular nuclei. No change was
      seen in the response to IP administration of DOM in animals cannulated in the
      remaining sites or in animals with ICV cannulae. Therefore, the effects of DOM in
      disrupting operant behavior may be more critical with regard to its actions in
      the lateral habenulae and median raphe. Nonetheless, actions at multiple brain
      sites probably contribute to the total behavioral effects of the drug.

PMID- 3685067
TI  - Differential involvement of central cholinergic mechanisms in the aversive
      stimulus properties of morphine and amphetamine.
AB  - Previously, it was reported that pretreatment with the centrally-acting
      cholinergic antagonist atropine, but not the peripherally-acting antagonist,
      methyl-atropine, may serve to attenuate the positive reinforcing properties of
      morphine and conversely, to enhance those of amphetamine as evidenced within a
      drug self-administration paradigm in rats. In parallel, evidence from several
      sources would suggest that there may be a functional relationship between the
      neurochemical mechanisms mediating these drugs' positive reinforcing properties
      and their seemingly paradoxical capacity to act as aversive stimuli, as evidenced
      within a conditioned taste aversion (CTA) paradigm. Accordingly, the present
      study undertook to examine whether a similar differential involvement of central
      cholinergic mechanisms established for these drugs' positive reinforcing effects
      may be obtained for morphine and amphetamine-induced CTA. Using a conventional
      CTA paradigm, animals were pretreated with either intraperitoneal (IP) atropine
      or methyl-atropine (0.6 mg/kg) 40 minutes prior to consuming a novel 0.1%
      saccharin solution. This taste stimulus was paired with IP injection of 15 mg/kg
      morphine or vehicle. Results showed that atropine (but not methyl-atropine)
      pretreatment served to attenuate the morphine CTA. In a second experiment,
      atropine-pretreatment failed to attenuate, and may have slightly potentiated, a
      CTA induced by 1 mg/kg amphetamine. Atropine pretreatment did not affect a CTA
      induced by the emetic agent, lithium chloride. Pretreatment with the peripherally
      acting methyl-atropine had no effect on the amphetamine CTA and served, if
      anything, to slightly attenuate the lithium chloride CTA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3685068
TI  - The effects of phencyclidine on fighting in differentially housed mice.
AB  - The effects of phencyclidine (PCP) on the fighting of individually housed male
      mice were examined (1) after different lengths (5-35 days) of individual housing,
      and (2) in mice of different ages (35, 70 or 170 days old) at the onset of
      individual housing. Significant increases in the total time spent fighting in a
      10-minute aggression test were observed at 19-21 and 32-35 days of individual
      housing with 1.25 mg/kg PCP and at 10 and 32-35 days with 2.50 mg/kg PCP.
      Relative to control groups, the percentage of mice fighting after 19-21 and 32-35
      days of individual housing was significantly decreased with 2.5 mg/kg. At 1.25
      mg/kg, PCP increased total fighting time and decreased the latency to the first
      fight in mice at 35 or 70, but not 170 days of age at the onset of individual
      housing. No increases in motor activity in individually housed mice were recorded
      at these doses. These results suggest that PCP may facilitate fighting in mice
      when individually housed for a minimum of 10 days.

PMID- 3685069
TI  - Diazepam and memory: evidence for spared memory function.
AB  - The effects of diazepam on several tests of memory were investigated in a double
      blind study of 24 healthy young adults. Following a single oral administration of
      0.3 mg/kg diazepam or placebo, subjects in the diazepam group showed marked
      impairment in immediate free recall of words as compared to placebo control
      subjects. However, diazepam-treated subjects demonstrated performance benefits
      from prior exposure to the same words on tests of memory priming using word
      completion and category-generation tasks. The two types of memory tests differ in
      their demand for conscious recollection. Tests of free recall have explicit
      (declarative) memory demands whereas the priming test places only implicit
      (procedural) demands upon memory. The results demonstrate that diazepam spares
      some forms of memory as does amnesia induced by neurological impairment.

PMID- 3685070
TI  - Different temporal effects of serotonergic antagonists on passive avoidance
      retention.
AB  - The experiments examined the effects of acute administration of three different
      serotonergic receptor antagonists (ketanserin, pirenperone and mianserin) on one
      trial passive avoidance retention in mice. Administration of each antagonist 30
      min before training produced a dose-dependent impairment in retention. In
      contrast, administration of each of the antagonists immediately after training
      produced a dose-dependent improvement in retention. The time-dependent effects of
      pre- and post-train antagonist administration were assessed using pirenperone. In
      both cases, the effects on test performance were determined to be time-dependent.
      The results provide additional evidence suggestive of a differential role of the
      serotonergic nervous system in the processes underlying learning and memory.

PMID- 3685071
TI  - Sympathomimetics and exercise enhancement: all in the mind?
AB  - During the 1972 Olympic Games, a 16 year old American athlete was compelled to
      return a gold medal and was disqualified from further participation. Rick Demont
      had used a sympathomimetic drug (ephedrine) prior to competition for treatment of
      his asthma as prescribed by his physician. The present research was carried out
      to investigate whether the administration of a sympathomimetic drug enhances
      maximal performance in the normal healthy individual in terms of physiological
      and psychological processes? Ten subjects participated in a double-blind, cross
      over, counterbalanced incremental cycle ergometer test on two different
      occasions, once after ingesting placebo, once after ingesting ephedrine. Repeated
      measures ANOVA's revealed no significant differences in any of the
      cardiopulmonary (VE, VO2, VCO2, RQ and AT), cardiovascular (HR, BP, O2 Pulse,
      RPP) and psychophysiological (RPE) variables between treatments. Findings in the
      current investigation suggest that no advantage is obtained with the use of
      sympathomimetic drugs to augment one's maximal aerobic capacity.

PMID- 3685072
TI  - Discriminative stimulus properties of pentobarbital and progesterone in male and
      female rats.
AB  - Intact male and ovariectomized female rats were trained to discriminate 12 mg/kg
      pentobarbital from physiological saline. Generalization tests with different
      doses of pentobarbital did not reveal significant sex differences in the
      pentobarbital generalization gradient. Different doses of progesterone produced a
      generalization gradient to pentobarbital in ovariectomized females, but not in
      intact males. The results of the present experiment thus suggests that systemic
      administration of progesterone produces a "pentobarbital-like" stimulus in
      ovariectomized female rats, but not in intact males.

PMID- 3685074
TI  - An examination of the intravenous self-administration of phenylpropanolamine
      using a cocaine substitution procedure in the baboon.
AB  - Intravenous self-administration of phenylpropanolamine HCl (0.10 to 10.0
      mg/kg/injection) was examined in baboons under conditions in which baseline
      responding was maintained by intravenous injections of cocaine HCl (0.32
      mg/kg/injection). Drug was available under a FR 160-response schedule of
      intravenous injection. Each drug injection was followed by a 3-hr time-out
      allowing a maximum of eight injections per day. Phenylpropanolamine or
      phenylpropanolamine vehicle (saline) was substituted for cocaine for a period of
      15 days followed by a return to the cocaine baseline. Response rates after
      phenylpropanolamine substitution were similar to those maintained by saline
      substitution, and lower than those maintained under cocaine baseline conditions.
      At the two highest doses of phenylpropanolamine tested (3.2 and 10.0
      mg/kg/injection) concurrent food maintained behavior was suppressed.

PMID- 3685073
TI  - Alterations in the effects of atropine on the behavior of pigeons following
      chronic administration.
AB  - The acute effects of atropine (0.01-1.0 mg/kg) on pigeons' key-pecking maintained
      under a variable-interval (VI) 60-sec schedule of food reinforcement were
      determined. Atropine decreased key-peck rates in a dose-dependent manner. A rate
      decreasing dose of physostigmine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, was studied
      in combination with the range of atropine doses. The rate reduction produced by
      physostigmine was attenuated by some doses of atropine. An atropine dose which
      decreased key-peck rates was then administered to the pigeons every day after
      their experimental sessions (chronic post-session phase). During this regimen,
      the dose-effect curves for atropine and the combination of atropine and
      physostigmine were redetermined. Atropine was then given chronically prior to
      experimental sessions (chronic pre-session phase), and the dose-effect curves for
      atropine and the combinations of atropine and physostigmine were determined
      again. The pigeons became tolerant to the rate-reducing effects of atropine
      following chronic post-session administration. Physostigmine's effect alone was
      unchanged following chronic atropine administration for two pigeons, and was
      slightly greater for a third. The rate reduction caused by physostigmine was
      attenuated across a wider range of atropine doses in the two pigeons for which
      the effect of physostigmine alone was unchanged. The atropine/physostigmine
      interaction curve for the third pigeon was shifted to the right following chronic
      post-session atropine administration. No further changes in effects of either
      atropine alone or in combination with physostigmine were seen following chronic
      pre-session atropine administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3685076
TI  - Evidence of a central mechanism mediating tolerance to the discriminative
      stimulus properties of cocaine.
AB  - Rats were trained to detect intraperitoneal (IP) administration of cocaine, 10.0
      mg/kg, using a two-lever choice discrimination procedure. Following training,
      cocaine was generalized to the cocaine training stimulus in a dose-dependent
      manner. Subsequently, bilateral cannulae were implanted in the lateral ventricles
      in ten animals, and intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of cocaine was
      also generalized to the IP training dose in a dose-dependent manner with maximum
      generalization occurring with 80 micrograms cocaine. After baseline testing,
      training was halted and cocaine, 20 mg/kg/8-hr, was injected chronically in all
      rats for 6 days, and then the dose-effect curve for generalization of cocaine was
      redetermined. Chronic administration of cocaine significantly shifted the dose
      effect curve three-fold to the right for both IP and ICV routes of
      administration. These data suggest that the stimulus properties of cocaine
      administered centrally are generalized in rats trained by peripheral
      administration and supports the hypothesis of central mediation of the cocaine
      stimulus. Also, the comparable shift of the cocaine dose-effect curve following
      chronic cocaine administration suggests that a central pharmacodynamic mechanism
      mediates tolerance to the discriminative stimulus properties of cocaine.

PMID- 3685075
TI  - Effects of apomorphine and amphetamine on patterns of locomotor and investigatory
      behavior in rats.
AB  - Rats were tested in a Behavioral Pattern Monitor after various doses of either
      amphetamine or apomorphine in order to characterize their behavioral profiles,
      including patterns and sequences of holepokes, rearings and locomotor movements.
      To enable direct comparisons between the behavioral effects of the two
      stimulants, doses and times for each drug were selected with which locomotor
      hyperactivity was the predominant behavioral response. Although both drugs
      increased the total amount of locomotor activity, amphetamine induced a
      relatively varied behavioral profile while apomorphine induced repetitive
      behavior with a restricted range of responses. These contrasting effects of the
      stimulants were interpreted as reflective of their differing modes of action with
      regard to central dopaminergic systems. It is suggested that, in the dose range
      used, the release of dopamine by amphetamine is coupled to neuronal firing and
      therefore this release increases behavioral activity without altering the normal
      response repertoire of the animal. Conversely, the direct agonist action of
      apomorphine results in a restricted and perseverative behavioral pattern because
      its activation of forebrain dopamine receptors is independent of the normal
      physiological pattern of dopaminergic neuronal firing.

PMID- 3685077
TI  - Relationship between minimum reinforcing doses and injection speed in cocaine and
      pentobarbital self-administration in crab-eating monkeys.
AB  - The relationship between minimum reinforcing doses and injection speed was
      investigated by using 2 levels of speeds in experiments on self-administration of
      cocaine or pentobarbital in 2 crab-eating monkeys each. The experiments were
      conducted under a fixed ratio (FR) 1 schedule with 30-min time-out after each
      drug injection, wherein the drugs and saline were made available for alternate 5
      day periods. The minimum reinforcing doses at each injection speed were
      determined by the titration procedure in which the presence or absence of
      reinforcing effect at a particular drug dose was judged based on comparison of
      the self-administration rate at that dose with the rate in the preceding saline
      period. The results showed that the minimum reinforcing doses of cocaine and
      pentobarbital tended to be higher in inverse proportion to the injection speed of
      the drugs.

PMID- 3685078
TI  - Effects of prenatal and perinatal administration of phencyclidine on the
      behavioral development of rat offspring.
AB  - The effects of prenatal and perinatal administration of a nonteratogenic dose of
      phencyclidine (PCP) on the behavioral development of Sprague-Dawley rats were
      examined. In the offspring prenatally treated with PCP (10 mg/kg) between days 7
      and 17 of gestation, a decrease in maternal body weight in the gestation period,
      a decrease in fetal body weight and body length, a decrease in viability of
      offsprings, and a decrease in the body weights of the offspring in the nursing
      period were observed. Furthermore, PCP pups had difficulty performing the rota
      rod task at 4 weeks and exhibited a decrease in sensitivity to challenged PCP at
      5 weeks (female). In the offspring prenatally treated with PCP between days 7 and
      21 of gestation, a decrease in the body weights of dams, fetuses and offspring,
      and a decrease in the viability of offsprings were observed. PCP pups showed an
      increase in the score for head-twitch response (male), a delay in the development
      of ambulation, negative geotaxis (male), bar holding and rope-descending behavior
      (female). However, the PCP administration during prenatal (between days 17 and 21
      of gestation) and nursing periods showed only a decrease in viability and body
      weight of offspring, and a delay in the development of the separation of eyelids.
      These results suggest that more attention should be given to the developmental
      toxicity of PCP.

PMID- 3685079
TI  - Inhibitors of histidine decarboxylase decrease basal gastric acid secretion in
      the rat.
AB  - We examined the ability of two specific inhibitors of histidine decarboxylase,
      (s)-alpha-fluoromethylhistidine (FMHd) and (s)-alpha-fluoromethylhistamine
      (FMHm), to inhibit basal gastric acid secretion. The two highest doses of FMHd
      administered, 50 and 100 mg/kg, decreased basal gastric acid secretion and total
      secretion volume but did not affect intraluminal pH. FMHm decreased gastric acid
      secretion, raised intraluminal pH, and to a lesser degree decreased total
      secretion volume. Neither compound changed the severity of gastric ulcers
      produced by cold restraint stress.

PMID- 3685080
TI  - A novel procedure for dissociating the anatomical bases of the behavioral effects
      of amphetamine.
AB  - A novel operative procedure is described in which the same cannula may be used to
      administer drugs either to the caudate nucleus (CN) or to the nucleus accumbens
      (NAcc) of the rat. Microinjections of amphetamine (10 or 20 micrograms) into the
      CN produced a reliable and robust stereotyped response; when administered to the
      NAcc of the same animal the higher dose increased locomotor activity. The
      stereotypy following peripheral administration of amphetamine (5 mg/kg) was
      antagonised by infusions of haloperidol (30 micrograms) into the CN but not into
      the NAcc. Conversely, the locomotor activity following a lower dose of
      amphetamine (1 mg/kg) was antagonised by infusions of haloperidol (5 micrograms)
      into the NAcc but not into the CN. The results confirm earlier reports that
      different anatomical structures mediate the behavioral effects of low and high
      doses of amphetamine.

PMID- 3685081
TI  - Arrhythmogenic, antiarrhythmic and inotropic properties of opioids. Effects of
      piritramide, pethidine and morphine compared on heart muscle isolated from rats.
AB  - Since the effects in the intact organism are complicated by central as well as
      peripheral effects, we compared the direct cardiac effects of three commonly used
      opioids on isolated heart muscle. Concentration-response curves for
      electrophysiological and inotropic effects of piritramide, pethidine and morphine
      (10(-6)-10(-4) mol/l) on spontaneously beating and electrically stimulated rat
      atria were obtained. Piritramide decreased spontaneous frequency, induced
      arrhythmia and cardiac arrest. It had no significant effect on effective
      refractory period and electrical threshold for excitation, but decreased
      contractile force. Pethidine increased effective refractory period, had no effect
      on electrical threshold and increased contractile force. Morphine induced no
      significant electrophysiological effects, but decreased contractile force
      slightly. These results indicate direct negative chronotropic and arrhythmogenic
      actions of piritramide, possible class III antiarrhythmic action of pethidine and
      lack of major direct cardiac effects of morphine.

PMID- 3685082
TI  - Estimation of catecholamine potencies on the myocardium by means of a new method.
AB  - A simple method is described for evaluating the potencies of catecholamines on
      the slow response of myocardium. Catecholamines depolarize guinea pig ventricular
      muscle cells exposed to the high K+ (27 mmol/l) Tyrode's solution containing 0.2
      mmol/l Ba through an increase in slow channel conductance. Higher concentrations
      of catecholamines in addition induce spontaneous action potentials. This model
      was used to estimate and compare catecholamine potencies on myocardium.
      Catecholamine concentrations needed for depolarization alone or for
      depolarization plus automatic activity were taken as basis for comparison. The
      order of potency obtained by means of this new method was: l-isoproterenol
      greater than l-adrenaline greater than or equal to dl-noradrenaline greater than
      or equal to dobutamine greater than or equal to dopamine. This is similar to the
      order reported with other methods.

PMID- 3685083
TI  - Comparison of the effects of colchicine and beta-lumicolchicine on cultured
      adrenal chromaffin cells: lack of evidence for an action of colchicine on
      receptor-associated microtubules.
AB  - The involvement of microtubules in adrenomedullary secretion is presently
      unclear. Evidence exists for a possible role of microtubules in cholinergic
      nicotinic receptor-related events. We now describe the actions of the microtubule
      disrupter, colchicine, on primary cultures of bovine adrenal chromaffin cells and
      compare these with corresponding actions of beta-lumicolchicine. beta
      Lumicolchicine is a structural isomer of colchicine which neither binds
      microtubular protein (tubulin) nor interferes with microtubule assembly. Both
      colchicine and beta-lumicolchicine were found to inhibit acetylcholine-induced
      secretion with similar potencies (half maximal inhibitory concentration 0.2-0.5
      mM). The inhibitory actions of both drugs are time-dependent and reversible.
      However, unlike colchicine which has no inhibitory effects on secretion evoked by
      depolarization with excess K+, beta-lumicolchicine also inhibits K+-induced
      secretion. Because colchicine and beta-lumicolchicine have similar effects, the
      selective inhibitory actions of colchicine on nicotinic receptor-mediated
      secretion cannot in itself be used as evidence in support of a role of
      microtubules in receptor-mediated events. However, our data do not preclude such
      a role. Differences in the effect of colchicine and beta-lumicolchicine on K+
      evoked secretion suggests different modes of action of these structural isomers
      on chromaffin cell function.

PMID- 3685084
TI  - Age-related changes in responsiveness of the rat aorta to depolarizing and
      receptor-mediated contractile stimuli and to calcium antagonism.
AB  - This study was undertaken to determine the relative age-dependent responsiveness
      of the rat aorta to depolarizing (potassium) and receptor-activating
      (norepinephrine) contractile stimulants, and to the calcium antagonists propyl
      methylenedioxyindene (pr-MDI) and nifedipine. Pr-MDI exhibits intracellular
      calcium antagonistic and calcium channel blocking properties in this tissue,
      while nifedipine acts principally as a calcium channel blocker. Thoracic strips
      from young (4-6 months old) and senescent (22-23 months old) Fischer F344 rats
      were contracted with KCl (10-60 mmol/l) or norepinephrine (10(-9)-5 X 10(-6)
      mol/l). Aortae from old rats were significantly more sensitive to norepinephrine
      than aortae from young rats, while the reverse was observed for KCl. Pr-MDI (10(
      5)-10(-4) mol/l) significantly relaxed the aortic contractions induced by
      norepinephrine (10(-7) mol/l, a nondepolarizing concentration producing 88% of
      maximum response in young and old aortae) and by KCl (50 mmol/l, a depolarizing
      concentration producing 96% of maximum response in young and old aortae).
      However, there were no age-related differences in sensitivity to the relaxant
      effects of pr-MDI against either stimulant. Pr-MDI was more effective in relaxing
      KCl-induced contractions than those induced by norepinephrine. Similar results
      were obtained with nifedipine (10(-10)-10(-6) mol/l). These results indicate that
      senescence of the rat aorta is accompanied by an enhanced responsiveness of
      adrenergic alpha-receptor-mediated contraction, a reduced responsiveness to
      depolarizing stimuli, and no change in sensitivity to calcium antagonism.

PMID- 3685085
TI  - Effects of morphine on gastric ulceration, barrier mucus and acid secretion in
      pylorus-ligated rats.
AB  - The effects of intraperitoneal (IP) or intracerebroventricular (ICV)
      administration of morphine on acid and pepsin secretion, gastric ulceration and
      gastric bound mucoproteins were investigated in pylorus-ligated rats. Morphine,
      administered IP, produced a dose-dependent inhibition of the gastric secretion
      volume, acidity, pepsin output and bound mucoproteins. By contrast, the effect of
      morphine on gastric ulcers was not dose-dependent: a significant increase in
      gastric lesions was obtained with morphine 5 mg/kg IP. Naloxone IP prevented the
      effects of morphine on gastric secretory volume, acidity and pepsin output, but
      not on gastric mucus and ulcer score. ICV administration of morphine induced a
      dose-dependent inhibition of secretory volume, acidity and ulcer score, whereas
      no modification of gastric mucus was observed. Naloxone ICV prevented the effects
      of ICV morphine. Overall results suggest that morphine inhibits gastric secretion
      through both central and peripheral opioid receptors, whereas the inhibitory
      effect of morphine on bound mucus appears to be exerted on mucus synthesis
      through peripheral opioid receptors. This inhibitory effect on barrier mucus
      accounts at least in part for the gastric ulcerogenic action of morphine.

PMID- 3685086
TI  - Highlights on women and health.

PMID- 3685088
TI  - Mother and child relationship.

PMID- 3685087
TI  - Must anatomy spell destiny for us women?

PMID- 3685089
TI  - The effects of "Yaya" on the growth and development of 0-6 years old children of
      Daraga, Albay and Legazpi city.

PMID- 3685090
TI  - Evaluation of Level III of the new BSN curriculum at St. Paul College, Iloilo.

PMID- 3685091
TI  - AIDS and infection due to HIV (AIDS virus) basic information.

PMID- 3685092
TI  - Longitudinal microradiography: a non-destructive automated quantitative method to
      follow mineral changes in mineralised tissue slices.
AB  - This paper presents a new powerful method, longitudinal microradiography (LMR),
      with which it is possible to follow the mineral content in a de- or
      remineralizing carious tooth sample as a function of position on the surface of
      the mineralizing tissue independent of the sample thickness. Planoparallel tooth
      slices (thickness 300-400 microns) are cut parallel to the labial tooth surface
      and then fixed on a PMMA holder. Repeated microradiographic images of the same
      tissue slice together with an aluminium step wedge are made on photographic film
      at different times of mineralisation. The images are scanned under a densitometer
      with a microcomputer and the mineral content per unit tooth area at the same
      discrete tooth-slice surface positions is calculated (maximum predefined area is
      5 mm x 5 mm, 15 x 15 positions). The change of mineral in one tooth slice per
      unit tooth surface area can be calculated at different times of mineralisation
      locally, as well as averaged over the total tooth-slice surface area. The SD in
      average mineral change is 0.009 kg m-2, which corresponds approximately to the
      mineral loss involved with a 8 microns deep tooth enamel carious lesion. All
      results are stored on disc. In an example, the enamel surfaces (6 mm2) of five
      human tooth enamel slices were exposed to an acetic acid buffer solution (pH 4.8)
      containing Ca, P and F. The mineral content variations in the enamel sample were
      followed in time by longitudinal microradiography. Mineral content evaluation
      shows in all cases a gradual increase in mineral loss. 3D plots of the mineral
      loss per unit area against tooth surface position at different stages of
      demineralisation of the same sample show an excellent uniform local behaviour in
      time with all tooth slices.

PMID- 3685093
TI  - Theoretical aspects of multiple deconvolution analysis for quantification of left
      to right cardiac shunts.
AB  - A new method for quantification of left to right cardiac shunts by Bourguignon et
      al based on multiple deconvolution analysis is critically analysed within the
      framework of a simple mathematical model. Underlying assumptions are explicitly
      stated and their validity discussed. It turns out that some reinterpretation of
      the method is necessary. Using the same ideas as in multiple deconvolution
      analysis, a new relation for the pulmonary to systemic flow ratio is proposed on
      a theoretical basis. This technique may be useful when diagnosing left to right
      cardiac shunts with radiocardiographic methods.

PMID- 3685094
TI  - Comparison of measured and calculated internal absorbed doses in a heterogeneous
      phantom.
AB  - The experimental validity of the MIRD (Medical Internal Radiation Dose Committee
      of the Society of Nuclear Medicine) internal-dose calculations was investigated.
      Internal radiation doses were measured in a phantom representing the MIRD
      mathematical phantom using a newly developed volumetric tissue-equivalent dose
      meter that could be moulded to reproduce the geometry of the phantom's
      mathematical organs. The MIRD Monte Carlo computer code ALGAM was adapted to
      simulate the experimental conditions and was run for each calculation with 60,000
      photon histories. The experimental data and the theoretical calculations were
      compared for different combinations of six source organs and seven target organs
      using 60Co as the source of radiation. The results of this comparison indicated
      agreement between measured and calculated doses when the uncertainties associated
      with both techniques are considered. However, statistical analysis of the data
      also gave an indication that the Monte Carlo method might overestimate the
      internal absorbed doses since the agreement with the experimental data was found
      to be in one direction.

PMID- 3685095
TI  - A clinical instrument for multi-element in vivo analysis by prompt, delayed and
      cyclic neutron activation using 252Cf.
AB  - The design and construction of a versatile clinical instrument for multi-element
      in vivo neutron activation analysis of major and minor body elements is
      described. A 200 micrograms (4 GBq) 252Cf neutron source is stored below ground
      level and pneumatically propelled to one of two irradiation ports. These deliver
      collimated beams of fast neutrons either to a localised volume such as the liver
      or kidney, or across the width of a patient for a head-to-toe scanning whole-body
      measurement. The source control system allows selection of either a continuous or
      cyclic mode of activation. The instrument is intended primarily for measurement,
      by the prompt-gamma technique, of total and partial body calcium, total body
      nitrogen and partial body cadmium. The potential of the instrument for
      determination of these three elements has been established. Phantom results
      suggest that total body calcium can be measured with a precision of +/- 2.6% (CV)
      for an average whole-body skin dose equivalent of 6.4 mSv; total body nitrogen
      with a precision of +/- 2.0% for an average whole-body skin dose equivalent of
      less than 0.4 mSv; and a detection limit (2 SD of the background) of 2.4 mg of
      cadmium in the kidney has been obtained for a radiation dose equivalent to the
      skin of 3 mSv (QF = 10). The suitability of this instrument for the measurement
      of other elements is also discussed.

PMID- 3685096
TI  - Experimental examination of videodensitometry of large opacifications in digital
      subtraction angiography.
AB  - With the recent introduction of digital radiography the possibility of extracting
      clinically useful quantitative indices of function has emerged. In digital
      subtraction angiography (DSA), videodensitometric analysis has been widely
      applied. An experimental investigation of the usefulness of logarithmically
      transformed pixel values in DSA images for quantitative densitometry is
      performed. Dependence on image uniformity, transmittance, scattered radiation and
      video offset voltages is examined. Results indicate independence of both
      uniformity and transmittance and dependence on both scattered radiation and
      offset voltages. The possible use of lead absorbers to derive corrections for
      contributions from scattered radiation and similar aberrations in each image used
      for subtraction is also examined. Observations indicate that such corrections can
      allow accurate videodensitometry.

PMID- 3685097
TI  - The radio-opacity of surgical and radiological devices used in vivo: a test
      method for markers in surgical gauze.
AB  - Most radio-opaque markers used in surgical gauze contain barium sulphate, and a
      minimum percentage content of this is required to ensure an acceptable level of
      radio-opacity. When this minimum percentage is specified by Standards
      authorities, a suitable test method must be available to determine compliance. A
      new radiographic test method is presented which can be used to determine the
      barium sulphate content or equivalence to within 2% of compliance requirements.
      The method consists of immersing the marker in a solution of barium sulphate
      which is then radiographed. Compliance can be evaluated by inspection of the
      radiograph. The method was found to be virtually independent of x-ray energy,
      film-screen combination and thickness or shape of the test object. The method is
      also an appropriate test for any other material or object, such as vascular
      catheters used in radiology or small toys which pose an ingestion hazard.

PMID- 3685098
TI  - The interaction of radiations of different LET.
AB  - Experimental data for mixed radiation of different LET are analysed using an
      isobologram approach and are shown to be consistent with the special case of
      'zero interaction' in a general formulation of the effect of a combination of
      agents proposed by Berenbaum. This zero interaction is defined in the same sense
      as interaction between the lesions produced by the same radiation. This makes
      analysis and predictions of mixed radiation results particularly straightforward.
      The zero-interaction formula can be mathematically derived from a simple model of
      mixed radiation called the lesion additivity model using the assumption that
      different early lesions produced in the radiation mixture can gradually develop
      into an indistinguishable intermediate state and hence become additive to produce
      the same end point. The model is shown to be applicable to irradiation under both
      hypoxic and oxygenated conditions and hence is extended to the use of hypoxic
      cell sensitisers.

PMID- 3685099
TI  - Random selection of points distributed on curved surfaces.
AB  - Monte Carlo simulation is widely used in medical physics to obtain realistic
      solutions to radiation transport problems involving complex geometries. An
      important step is the random selection of the initial point in space from which
      the primary photon or charged particle originates. In many practical cases, the
      primary-particle sites are distributed over curved surfaces. We describe general
      sampling techniques that can be used to randomly choose the trajectory origin for
      sources distributed over any smooth surface that can be parametrically
      represented as a function of two variables. The source distribution need not be
      uniform. Implementation of these methods is particularly straight-forward for
      surfaces enclosing simple convex volumes such as spheres and ellipsoids.

PMID- 3685100
TI  - Scatter dose for wedged fields.
AB  - The behaviour of scatter dose in 4 and 8 MV wedged x-ray beams has been studied
      by calculating scatter-to-primary dose ratios (SPR) and comparing these with SPR
      for non-wedged beams. On the central axis the SPR for wedged and non-wedged beams
      differ only by a few per cent, a difference which increases slightly with wedge
      angle and field size. In other points within the field the differences are larger
      but generally less than 3% of the total dose on the central axis at the same
      depth. The product rule for points that do not lie in a principal plane is valid
      within the same limits as for non-wedged beams.

PMID- 3685101
TI  - Pionic carbon/oxygen capture ratios in blood and muscle tissue of pig.
AB  - The pionic carbon/oxygen capture ratio for the blood and muscle tissue of a pig
      was measured using an intrinsic Ge detector in order to investigate possible
      explanations for an enhanced lesion observed in the autopsy of pion-irradiated
      patients. Pure iron was also irradiated in order to determine the energies and
      intensities of pionic x-rays from iron. It was expected that some of them
      originated from haemoglobin and could be observed in the spectrum for a blood
      sample. TE plastic (Shonka A-150) and Lucite were also investigated for
      comparison with other work.

PMID- 3685102
TI  - Volume-selective multi-pulse spin-echo spectroscopy and selective suppression of
      spectral lines.
AB  - A method is described allowing the recording of in vivo NMR spectra in sharply
      bound volume elements preselected on the basis of slice images. Experiments with
      phantom samples, as well as with a test person in a whole-body instrument, have
      been carried out to demonstrate the applicability of the technique. In the case
      of proton spectroscopy, suppression of the water and/or or of the lipid line is
      often desirable. A corresponding pulse sequence has been implemented and
      successfully tested with a phantom sample.

PMID- 3685104
TI  - Statement from the 1987 Washington meeting of the International Commission on
      Radiological Protection.

PMID- 3685103
TI  - A SAFE (saturate after the echo) sequence to eliminate an artefact in the
      measurement of T2 in partially saturated NMR systems.

PMID- 3685106
TI  - Clinical measurement.

PMID- 3685105
TI  - Clinical measurement.

PMID- 3685107
TI  - On the importance of being earnest about measurement, or, how can we be sure that
      what we know is true?
AB  - Reliable and valid measurements are essential in research and clinical practice
      in physical therapy. Despite our slowness in recognizing the importance of more
      scientific measurement, our profession has witnessed a recent surge of interest
      in studying and developing reliable and valid measurement techniques. The
      ultimate results of developing more sophisticated measurement instruments and
      further refining our measurement techniques will be more scientific practitioners
      and a greater body of scientific knowledge unique to physical therapy.

PMID- 3685109
TI  - Clinical uses of isokinetic measurements. Critical issues.
AB  - Isokinetic measurements are widely used by physical therapists for evaluation and
      treatment planning. We believe that some use of isokinetic measurements is
      unwarranted in view of the paucity of credible scientific research on these
      measurements. With increased emphasis from third-party payers and from the
      medical community for documentation of the effectiveness of physical therapy
      services, we believe that therapists must be aware how they can and cannot use
      isokinetic measurements in their clinical settings. Concepts that relate to
      isokinetic testing are discussed and critically examined.

PMID- 3685108
TI  - Measurement theory.
AB  - The usefulness and truthfulness of assessments, whether performed in the clinic
      on one patient or in the research laboratory on many subjects, depends on valid
      measurements. Measurement theory is the thought process and interrelated body of
      knowledge that form the basis of valid measurements. Translation of measurement
      theory to behaviors helps to ensure the integrity and relevancy of tests and the
      data that result from them. In the final analysis, useful and truthful data
      depend for their existence on scalable and detectable events being translated
      into pertinent, valid, and reliable measurements. The rules by which numbers are
      assigned to events form the basis of measurements theory.

PMID- 3685110
TI  - Simple clinical measures.
AB  - The purpose of this article is to present for physical therapists a broad array
      of subjective and objective options for simple clinical measures. These measures
      are relatively inexpensive, easy to apply, technologically simple, and useful in
      everyday patient assessment. Clinical considerations for applying the measures
      are given.

PMID- 3685111
TI  - Mixing one part common sense with each part statistics in planning the design and
      reporting the results of clinical research in physical therapy.
AB  - The purpose of this article is to discuss the importance of clinical research to
      improve the quality of clinical practice in physical therapy. Research is the
      process of posing an important, answerable question and collecting data to
      provide a convincing answer. Many of the manuscripts I reviewed for possible
      publication during the recent several years I was an Associate Editor contained
      one or more flaws that impaired the credibility of the study being reported. One
      of the flaws was inadequate identification of the research question and the
      measurements needed to collect the data that would answer the question; a second
      was insufficient rounding of the numbers used to convey the results; a third was
      misapplication of arithmetic operations to nominal or ordinal data; and another
      was the extrapolation of results from healthy young volunteers to explain why a
      particular treatment should or should not be effective in treating a pathological
      condition. I urge that physical therapy researchers learn to conduct indepth,
      thoughtfully guided studies to define the indicators that can be used to predict
      when a particular patient will respond favorably to a particular therapeutic
      intervention. Successful accomplishment of such studies will have a substantial
      and lasting impact on the efficacy and quality of physical therapy practice.

PMID- 3685112
TI  - Functional disability assessment.
AB  - The widespread introduction of computers into clinical settings has increased the
      feasibility of conducting comprehensive functional disability assessment. The
      Functional Status Questionnaire (FSQ) is a brief, self-administered questionnaire
      designed to facilitate clinical assessment of functional disability. The FSQ
      items can be scored by computer using a simple algorithm and summarized into
      disability index scores. These scales have alpha reliability coefficients of .64
      to .82 and substantial convergent validity when used with primary care patients.
      Disability assessment tools like the FSQ can be adapted easily for clinical use
      by physical therapists.

PMID- 3685113
TI  - Computerized system for quantitative measurement of sensorimotor aspects of human
      performance.
AB  - The purpose of this article is to describe an integrated system for measuring
      selected aspects of human sensorimotor performance. The system consists of a
      computerized test battery, a database, and multiple software packages to present
      results for different applications. The system includes measures classified into
      major functional categories including sensation, range of motion, isometric
      muscle strength, anthropometric features, speed, reactions, muscle tone,
      coordination, body stability, and manual dexterity. A microcomputer is used to
      coordinate basic measurements obtained from a series of short-duration tests. Raw
      data are recorded in physical units (eg, degrees, milliseconds). A database
      currently consisting of over 2,000 data records of normal sensorimotor
      performance has been collected, permitting immediate comparison of patient data
      to a group of age- and sex-matched norms. This system permits an objective,
      reliable, and standardized method for measuring selected aspects of sensorimotor
      performance essential for physical therapists to quantify individual patient
      performance, document disability, justify reimbursement, screen employees and
      athletes, and demonstrate efficacy of treatment.

PMID- 3685114
TI  - Clinical measurement of range of motion. Review of goniometry emphasizing
      reliability and validity.
AB  - Clinical measurement of range of motion is a fundamental evaluation procedure
      with ubiquitous application in physical therapy. Objective measurements of ROM
      and correct interpretation of the measurement results can have a substantial
      impact on the development of the scientific basis of therapeutic interventions.
      The purpose of this article is to review the related literature on the
      reliability and validity of goniometric measurements of the extremities. Special
      emphasis is placed on how the reliability of goniometry is influenced by
      instrumentation and procedures, differences among joint actions and body regions,
      passive versus active measurements, intratester versus intertester measurements,
      and different patient types. Our discussion of validity encourages objective
      interpretation of the meaning of ROM measurements in light of the purposes and
      the limitations of goniometry. We conclude that clinicians should adopt
      standardized methods of testing and should interpret and report goniometric
      results as ROM measurements only, not as measurements of factors that may affect
      ROM.

PMID- 3685115
TI  - Norm-referenced and criterion-referenced tests. Use in pediatrics and application
      to task analysis of motor skill.
AB  - The purposes of this article are 1) to compare the similarities and differences
      between norm-referenced and criterion-referenced tests and 2) to summarize how
      each should be used in the assessment of developmental performance in children.
      Specific developmental assessments, the populations they address, and the
      information they provide are described briefly. The need for additional criterion
      referenced tests in physical therapy is discussed, and an example of how task
      analysis can be applied to movement or motor skills in the development of a
      criterion-referenced test is provided. Physical therapists can enhance the
      credibility of their assessments by appropriate use of norm-referenced and
      criterion-referenced tests.

PMID- 3685116
TI  - Clinical measurement of postural control in adults.
AB  - Postural control is the ability to maintain equilibrium and orientation in a
      gravitational environment. Effective approaches for clinical measurement of
      postural control remain to be developed. This article summarizes important
      neurophysiological and clinical considerations for developing measurement tools
      to assess postural control in adults. The postural control system is divided into
      three basic functional components for assessment: 1) biomechanical components, 2)
      motor coordination components, and 3) sensory organization components.

PMID- 3685117
TI  - Clinical measurements to assess cardiopulmonary function.
AB  - Physical therapists perform measurements of the cardiovascular and pulmonary
      systems that are used to generate exercise prescriptions and to assess the
      effects of treatment interventions. The purpose of this article is to describe
      methods that are used routinely in clinical settings to evaluate heart rate,
      blood pressure, breathing patterns, respiratory muscle strength, chest mobility,
      and breath sounds. The application of subjective ratings performed by patients is
      discussed. In the interpretation of results of measurements, clinicians should
      consider both biological and technical sources of variability. Research studies
      are needed to establish both intrarater and interrater reliability of many of
      these measurements used in physical therapy practice.

PMID- 3685118
TI  - Qualitative and quantitative research in clinical practice.
AB  - The purpose of this article is to describe types of research that are
      particularly suitable for use in clinical settings. Examples of the case study,
      descriptive research, and quasi-experimental research and examples of both
      qualitative and quantitative methods to record and transmit subjective data are
      described briefly.

PMID- 3685119
TI  - Ethnographic inquiry in clinical settings.
AB  - Physical therapy combines art and science. Both aspects of our practice require
      systematic investigation. Clinical researchers are confronted with managing the
      unpredictable variables introduced by multiple human behaviors inherent in the
      therapeutic process. Ethnography is a qualitative approach to scientific inquiry
      that is suitable for addressing the human behaviors inherent in practice as they
      unfold in the clinical setting. An overview of the purpose, methodology,
      strengths, and limitations of ethnography is presented. Suggestions for applying
      ethnographic inquiry to physical therapy are provided. The strengths of
      ethnography include 1) its systematic and rigorous process for collecting and
      analyzing data that ensures attention to the issues of validity and reliability
      and 2) the potential relevance of its outcomes to physical therapy practitioners.

PMID- 3685121
TI  - Anthropology as a career specialty.

PMID- 3685120
TI  - Diagnosis of TMJ problem?

PMID- 3685122
TI  - [French Society of Phlebology. 21 March 1987: plenary session. Paris. Perforating
      veins of the leg and their pathology, the saphenous excepted Session dedicated to
      the memory of Prof. Jean-Francois Merlen (1912-1986)].

PMID- 3685123
TI  - [Surgical anatomy of perforating veins of the leg].
AB  - The saphenous trunks of the leg and their main perforators extend from the tibia
      to the axis of the calf. The external saphenous vein (little saphenous vein) is
      often isolated; on the contrary, there is an internal saphenous system including,
      in addition to the main trunk which is often divided, anterior and posterior
      saphenous veins, as a possible support for the perforators. The calf's reticulum,
      network of veinlets reinforced with arches, is a group of intersaphenous
      anastomosis. The retro-tibial perforators (Cockett's or Boyd's) reach the
      posterior tibial veins through a direct route. The muscle perforators are
      connected with the soleus and medial gastrocnemius veins; ventrally, elements
      from the internal saphenous system are present, as well as axial branches on the
      external saphenous vein and interperforating longitudinal anastomoses. The ventro
      lateral perforators, tributary of the anterior tibial and peroneal veins, are
      accessory.

PMID- 3685124
TI  - [Surgical anatomy of the perforating veins of Hunter's canal].
AB  - The vein perforating Hunter's Canal is often mentioned in the books on anatomy
      but is never described. After injecting coloured Neoprene Latex, ten long
      saphenous veins were dissected in the thigh. It was therefore possible to specify
      the origin, the course, the relation and the terminus of the perforating vein.
      The origin appeared variable in the long saphena, sometimes because of variations
      in the saphena itself; the course of the perforating vein is essentially along
      the posterior edge of the Couturier, then along the deep side. The terminus is
      found in the femoral vein after crossing the upper part of Hunter's fascia. The
      course of Hunter's perforating vein can therefore be divided into two parts: one
      variable, superficial, the other deep and constant.

PMID- 3685125
TI  - [Physiology and physiopathology of perforating veins].

PMID- 3685126
TI  - [Role of photoreflexometry in the diagnosis of insufficiency of the perforating
      veins of the leg].

PMID- 3685127
TI  - [Anatomical study on the constancy of Cockett's perforating veins].
AB  - The tenet of the constancy of Cockett's perforating vessels does not hold against
      anatomical studies. They perforate the fascia at various levels as their
      relationship to Linton's line also vary. Finally, they originate, most of the
      time, from the communicating veins connecting the posterior leg branch and the
      internal saphenous vein.

PMID- 3685128
TI  - [Study of perforating veins by selective dynamic phlebography].
AB  - Selective dynamic phlebography allows an interesting approach to the
      physiopathology of the gemellus and soleus veins. Moreover it specifies the part
      played by the posterior perforating veins in the incompetence of the short
      saphenous vein. Finally it alerts us against untimely surgery of this venous
      section which is still so unexplored.

PMID- 3685129
TI  - [Clinical semeiology of the perforating veins in essential varicosis in the
      postphlebitic syndrome].
AB  - After a reminder of the anatomy of the perforating veins of the lower extremities
      and their physiopathology, various clinical aspects are presented. In the
      essential form of varicose veins disease, long saphenous refluxes are, at the
      beginning, responsible for stasis in the superficial venous system. During the
      course of the disease, it seems that the perforators become incontinent. In the
      post-phlebitic syndrome, the manifestations are different and there are numerous
      perforators, the topography of which depends on the location of the thrombosis. A
      well conducted clinical examination is absolutely necessary in order to
      demonstrate the origin of the long or short reflux, before the start of any
      treatment. In case of failure or recurrence, phlebography or varicography must be
      performed.

PMID- 3685130
TI  - [Role of perforating veins in the occurrence of ulcers of the leg, hypodermitis
      and white atrophy].

PMID- 3685131
TI  - [Principles of sclerotherapy of perforating veins. Results].

PMID- 3685132
TI  - [Sclerotherapy of perforating veins. Technics, doses].
AB  - The majority of perforating veins react to the sclerosant treatment in the same
      way as the neighbouring varicose veins. The sclerosant treatment is therefore
      carried out in the majority of cases as if they did not exist. But in 15% of
      essential varices, and in 21% of post-phlebitic varices, it is altogether
      different. The dose of the product necessary to achieve sclerosis of these
      haemodynamically significative perforators (H.S.P.) is going to be 30% or more
      above the dose necessary to achieve sclerosis of the neighbouring varicose
      sections. This relative sclero-resistance often tallies with the other methods of
      revealing an incontinent perforator.

PMID- 3685133
TI  - [Compression of the perforating veins].

PMID- 3685134
TI  - [Indications and results of paratibial fasciotomy].

PMID- 3685135
TI  - [Role of surgery in insufficiency of the perforating veins].

PMID- 3685137
TI  - [New data on the surgery of varices without stripping].
AB  - In the light of our more than 24 years long experience, the original method of
      varicose veins surgery without stripping is analysed on 1236 patients operated
      during the latest year, out of the total number of 5,501 patients operated during
      the last 5 years; a statistic analysis is made and the advantage of the surgery
      without stripping are highlighted. The characteristics of the method are
      underlined, such as:--surgery at sight without bleeding, minute procedure with
      multiple incisions which, since they are located in the cutaneous folds,
      disappear in time, rendering this method also an aesthetical character,--the
      clinical exploration, prior to surgery, renders useless the paraclinical
      explorations in the case of the essential varicose veins.

PMID- 3685136
TI  - [Sapheno-femoral venous confluence and the external pudendal network: anatomical
      data and new statistics].
AB  - In 1983, we had the opportunity to encounter a case of impotence following
      eveinage in a man aged 58. The complete aetiological investigation of the
      disorder proved to favour the ligation of an external pudendal artery during the
      operation, a cause already anticipated by Dr D. Reinharez in 1980, in an article
      published in Phlebologie, where he described 5 similar cases. In 1984, we
      demonstrated, thanks to the Doppler velocimeter and also common selective femoral
      angiography that, contrary to the classic descriptions, approximately 7% of men
      have a particular anatomical distribution; the external pudendal arteries play a
      not insignificant haemodynamic role in the vascularization of the erectile
      organs. Since then, we have encountered further cases of impotence following
      eveinage. This being so, we wanted to know more about the anatomical relationship
      between the saphenofemoral venous confluent and the external pudendal arteries
      such as number, calibre, and variations according to age and sex... In order to
      achieve this, we requested the collaboration of five surgeons known for their
      thoroughness, their experience and their competence in venous surgery. They were
      asked to complete a pre-drawn diagram after each eveinage carried out, and to
      draw onto it the different arterial and venous branches observed, their calibres,
      and the relation between them. 140 subjects were included in this study (79
      women, 70 men) with longitudinal selection; 256 eveinages were carried out and
      indexed. The average age of patients was 42.9 years: 40.5 for women, 45.5 for
      men. The analysis of the results enables us to improve our knowledge of this
      "strategic" region for the surgeon and the phlebologist, by contributing new
      anatomical and statistical elements, in particular: the very large number of
      times that an external pudendal artery is at least encountered during dissection
      of the saphenofemoral venous confluent: round about 97%; the number of external
      pudendal arteries, classified usually as 2, proves in fact to be more often one:
      in about 75-80% of women and 65% of men. Triple pudendals are exceptional; the
      average calibre of the pudendal artery is 1/3 greater in the male sample than in
      the female: 0.8 mm v 0.6 mm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3685138
TI  - [Should the incontinent saphenous veins be stripped down to the ankle?].
AB  - Long strippings (groin to ankle) are subject to an unacceptable percentage (23
      58%) of neurological complications due to traumatism of the saphenous nerve. A
      simple saphenofemoral ligation avoids these complications, but the incidence of
      varicose relapse is nevertheless still about 60%. Our long saphenal strippings
      practised on 96 legs in 71 patients were followed in 4.2% by saphenous
      neurological symptoms, with varicose relapse in 12.5%; this is half as many as in
      sclerosant injection therapy.

PMID- 3685139
TI  - [Photoreflectometry under elastic restraint. Diagnostic applications, therapeutic
      consequences].

PMID- 3685140
TI  - [Microvalves in microvenules].
AB  - A long-lasting histological study on muscle and cutaneous-subcutaneous biopsies
      allowed certain observations of microvalves in venules with a diameter ranging
      from 80 to 200 micron. Venular leaflets originate from the vein as extroflection
      of the intima, made by a single layer of endothelial cells. In the patient
      affected by severe chronic venous insufficiency the valvular leaflets appear
      thickened while the wall of the venule presents sclero-hyalinotic alterations.
      The presence of microvalves in venules suggests a role of their incontinence in
      the venous insufficiency. Considering that the venular leaflets are made just by
      endothelial cells, a primary pathogenetic role has to be achieved to the
      endotheliopathy in the genesis of venous insufficiency.

PMID- 3685142
TI  - [Saint-Paul-les-Dax: thermal installations for phleboloy and therapeutic
      technics].

PMID- 3685141
TI  - [Development of lipomas on a surgical wound following radial saphenectomy. An
      unusual complication].
AB  - Radical saphenectomy is a common practice in treatment of the varicose veins of
      the limbs, and its early and late complications are very well known.
      Nevertheless, the authors have observed an exceptional pathologic picture in one
      patient operated five years ago, which developed multiple nodular lipomas in the
      sites of the surgical scars for varicectomy. This unusual complication, in spite
      of lack of clear etiopathogenesis, suggest to reduce as less as possible the
      surgical subcutaneous traumatism.

PMID- 3685143
TI  - Effects of bite block speech on intrinsic segment duration.
AB  - The fact that low vowels tend to have longer intrinsic duration than high vowels
      is sometimes attributed to mechanical characteristics associated with the greater
      distance the jaw travels in producing low vowels. To investigate this tendency, 6
      adult speakers of English each produced 72 [h]-vowel-consonant stimuli containing
      high and low vowels under 'normal' conditions and with their jaw fixed. If
      duration differences commonly observed between high and low vowels are a result
      of only mechanical effects of mandibular movement, it was hypothesized that
      stabilizing the jaw would eliminate these intrinsic vowel duration differences.
      Based on acoustic measurements that were made, it was found that the fixed-jaw
      conditions affected the intrinsic durational differences between high and low
      vowels to some extent, but the contrast was not entirely removed. In addition to
      the vowel duration changes, a number of systematic effects upon consonant closure
      duration were also observed as a result of the normal versus fixed-jaw
      conditions.

PMID- 3685145
TI  - Physiology teaching in Zimbabwe.

PMID- 3685146
TI  - Extramural programs of the Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of
      Health.

PMID- 3685144
TI  - From sagittal distance to area. A study of transverse, vocal tract cross
      sectional area.
AB  - In speech articulation studies, data on the pharynx are scarce. Still, the
      pharynx is an important part of the vocal tract. The present paper reports on an
      attempt to use computed tomography for investigating the pharynx. Axial computed
      tomograms were taken at four levels in the pharynx of a male and a female subject
      sustaining the vowels [u:, i:, a:, oe:]. From the tomograms the lateral width and
      the cross-sectional area were measured and their relations to the sagittal
      distance from the back pharynx wall to the midline of the tongue examined and
      compared with previously published data. In addition, some previous results
      derived from plaster casts are presented showing the corresponding distance-to
      area relationship in the mouth region of some male and female subjects.

PMID- 3685147
TI  - Countering "Animal Rights" activists.

PMID- 3685148
TI  - The effects of age on substrate depletion and hormonal responses during
      submaximal exercise in hamsters.
AB  - Senescent hamsters display a marked reduction in volume of voluntary running. The
      purpose of this study was to determine whether age differences exist in the
      pattern of fuel utilization during submaximal exercise, which may account for the
      reduction in voluntary running. Further, we determined the effects of age on
      muscle oxidative capacity to assess its relationship to endurance performance in
      senescent hamsters. Depletion of carbohydrate and lipid content of skeletal
      muscle and liver, and changes in blood concentration of various hormones and
      substrates during one hour of exercise at 60 percent of VO2 max served to assess
      age effects on utilization of metabolic substrates. Exercise produced equivalent
      depletion of muscle glycogen and similar rise in plasma free fatty acids in young
      and old hamsters. No exercise effects on skeletal muscle triglyceride
      concentration or on plasma glycerol, glucagon or catecholamine concentrations
      were noted. With palmitoyl carnitine as substrate (but not with pyruvate) State 3
      respiration of cardiac and skeletal muscle homogenates was lower in old compared
      to young hamsters. Although old hamsters have a reduced capacity to oxidize
      lipids in vitro, few age differences in fuel use are evident in vivo during
      submaximal exercise. Thus, these minor age differences in substrate utilization
      do not likely account for the substantial reduction in the levels of spontaneous
      running in senescent hamsters.

PMID- 3685149
TI  - Area postrema lesions block feeding induced by systemic injections of monosodium
      glutamate.
AB  - Glutamate is an amino acid neurotransmitter capable of producing widespread
      receptor-mediated neuronal excitation. Recently we reported that high doses of
      monosodium glutamate (MSG) given systemically stimulate food intake in a dose
      related fashion. Since glutamate does not cross the blood-brain barrier, it seems
      possible that feeding was stimulated by an action of glutamate on neurons within
      circumventricular organs (CVOs), areas of the brain in which the blood-brain
      barrier is deficient. In this experiment, we tested the hypothesis that systemic
      MSG stimulates feeding by an action on the area postrema (AP), a CVO in the
      caudal hindbrain. AP-lesioned rats (APLs) and sham-operated controls (shams) were
      injected with saline or MSG (2 and 6 g/kg, SC, one dose per week). Food intake
      was measured for 3 hr immediately following the injection. Shams increased their
      food intake significantly in response to both doses of MSG, but APLs did not.
      This result suggests that systemic glutamate may stimulate feeding by an action
      on the AP.

PMID- 3685150
TI  - The effects of caffeine, impulsivity, and sex on memory for word lists.
AB  - The present study examined the effects of caffeine on memory for supraspan word
      lists. Twelve groups of male and female college students classified as high or
      low impulsive received either 0, 2, or 4 mg/kg of caffeine. Female subjects were
      tested only during the menstrual phase of their cycle and were not taking oral
      contraceptives. Subjects listened to 12 word lists presented at one of four
      rates. Caffeine facilitated recall in females after practice with the task, but
      impaired recall in males only at the medium dose. The observed effects of
      caffeine were not influenced by subject's verbal ability, typical amount of
      caffeine consumption, or level of impulsivity. The results suggest that the
      effects of caffeine on females may vary according to the level of estrogen in the
      subject's system.

PMID- 3685151
TI  - Decreased feeding and supraphysiological plasma levels of glucagon after glucagon
      injection in rats.
AB  - The effects of intraperitoneally injected pancreatic glucagon on feeding and on
      plasma levels of pancreatic glucagon as well as on blood glucose levels and liver
      glycogen content were investigated in rats, in order to test the physiological
      relevance of exogenous glucagon's satiety effect. The rats were intraperitoneally
      injected with various doses of glucagon [60, 240 or 480 micrograms/kg body weight
      (b.wt.)] or vehicle when they started to eat after a 12 hr period of food
      deprivation. Only the highest dose of pancreatic glucagon (480 micrograms/kg
      b.wt.) decreased the size and duration of the first meal after injection. Hepatic
      vein, hepatic portal vein and aortal plasma pancreatic glucagon levels were
      increased about 10 fold by 60 and 240 micrograms/kg b.wt. of glucagon and about
      30 to 70 fold by 480 micrograms/kg b.wt. of glucagon. All glucagon doses reduced
      liver glycogen content and increased hepatic vein blood glucose levels similarly.
      The results indicate that decreased feeding after intraperitoneal injection of
      glucagon is a pharmacological effect of the hormone, at least under the
      conditions tested.

PMID- 3685152
TI  - Physiological aspects of puberty in group-living stumptail monkeys (Macaca
      arctoides).
AB  - Physiological changes around the time of puberty were studied in a longitudinal
      manner in male and female stumptail macaques. In the male, testicular descent
      (mean age 3.3 years) is an early sign of puberty, which coincides with onset of
      the pubertal spurt in body weight and testis growth and precedes the pubertal
      rise in plasma testosterone. In the female no clear external signs of puberty
      have been found. Measurements of plasma progesterone yielded proof of first
      ovulation (mean age 3.7 years), a late sign of puberty in primates. This event
      coincided with a fall in the rate of body weight growth at the end of the
      pubertal growth spurt. Reproductive capacity of both males (first ejaculation)
      and females (first conception) appears to be reached around the 4th birthday.

PMID- 3685153
TI  - Disruption of ejaculates by male copulation in deer mice (Peromyscus
      maniculatus).
AB  - Six experiments were conducted to analyze possible disruption of sperm transport
      occurring when one male deer mouse copulates soon after another male ejaculates.
      When a second male mated soon after the first, females had significantly fewer
      uterine sperm 1 hr later than when a delay of 7 or 15 min was imposed between
      males. However, it was impossible to detect any effect of such disruption on
      pregnancy initiation. Similarly, artificial stimulation soon after an ejaculation
      was ineffective in disrupting pregnancy initiation. No effect of a rapid
      resumption of copulation could be detected on litter composition in a sperm
      competition situation. Although it is clear, from these and other data, that the
      phenomenon of ejaculate disruption occurs in deer mice, technical difficulties
      may interfere with experimental analysis.

PMID- 3685154
TI  - A quantitative analysis of sniffing strategies in rats performing odor detection
      tasks.
AB  - The sniffing strategies of rats performing two learned odor detection tasks were
      monitored with a pneumotachograph and quantitatively analyzed with respect to
      fifty-two characteristics. The results of this study demonstrated that the rat's
      sniffing varied for different odorants, different concentrations of the same
      odorant, and between air and odor trials. The variations resulted from changes in
      such descriptors as volume, duration, average flow rate, peak flow rate and sniff
      number. In general, a sniffing pattern began with one or two inspirations
      followed by alternating inspirations and expirations. Comparison of earlier and
      later sniffs in a bout demonstrated a growth towards both a maximum inspiratory
      and expiratory sniff which had the largest duration, volume, average flow rate
      and peak flow rate. These maximum sniffs occurred at or near the end of a bout.
      Although analysis of the fifty-two characteristics was quantitatively useful in
      determining the physiologic values and airflow patterns generated by sniffing, a
      single univariate response measure incorporating twelve characteristics was the
      best descriptor of how sniffing patterns varied with odorant stimuli.

PMID- 3685155
TI  - Muricidal suppression by chlorpheniramine and changes in brain levels following
      dietary-induced thiamine deficiency in rats.
AB  - The effects of thiamine deficiency on pharmacological and pharmacokinetic
      activities of chlorpheniramine were investigated in rats. Chlorpheniramine (5-10
      mg/kg) showed a dose-dependent suppressive effect on muricide induced by thiamine
      deficiency. The ED50 value for muricidal suppression at 1 hr was approximately
      7.1 mg/kg (95% confidence limits, 5.4-9.3 mg/kg) after oral administration. Using
      a high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method, chlorpheniramine was
      detectable at 10 min in the blood and brain of rats. The present pharmacokinetic
      data suggest that chlorpheniramine can easily pass through the blood-brain
      barrier (B.B.B.) and enter the brain. It is stored therein and is later slowly
      released and excreted. In thiamine deficient rats, chlorpheniramine entered the
      brain in much higher concentrations than in normal and pair-fed rats, and
      significantly higher levels were maintained for a period of 1.5 hr. These results
      suggest that thiamine deficiency affects pharmacological and pharmacokinetic
      activities in rats, and support the view that there is a malfunction of the
      B.B.B. in thiamine deficient rats. These factors should be taken into
      consideration in clinical usage and dosage.

PMID- 3685156
TI  - Differential early rearing affects response to overfeeding in B6D2F2 mice.
AB  - Male and female B6D2F2 mice, reared in small (Sm = 4), medium (Md = 8) and large
      (Lg = 12) litters, were maintained on high-fat, high-carbohydrate (EXP) or chow
      (CH) diets beginning at 14 weeks. EXP mice consumed more calories and gained more
      weight than CH mice; these effects were greatest in the Sm animals. Each sex
      responded similarly. Caloric efficiency was highest in the Sm EXP and male
      animals. Total body fat in males showed that Sm greater than Md greater than Lg
      and EXP greater than CH. The thermogenic capacity was measured by total oxygen
      consumption and body temperature response during acute cold stress, and protein
      content and cytochrome c oxidase activity in interscapular brown adipose tissue
      (1BAT). Sm mice had a smaller decrease in temperature and consumed less oxygen
      per gram body weight than Lg, suggestive of a contributing role of increased
      insulation. When oxygen consumption was expressed as a function of body
      weight0.75, EXP greater than CH, but there were no other significant dietary
      effects. Neither litter size nor diet appeared to affect protein content or
      cytochrome c oxidase activity in 1BAT. These results show that early rearing
      experience effects both behavioural and physiological variables associated with
      the maintenance of adult body weight in mice, but these effects do not appear to
      be mediated through 1BAT.

PMID- 3685157
TI  - Effect of pre- and postweaning nutrition on dietary induced obesity in B6D2F2
      mice.
AB  - Our purpose was to ascertain whether a phase of postnatal overfeeding would
      interact with preweaning litter size in influencing dietary induced obesity in
      mice. Male and female B6D2F2 mice, reared in small (Sm = 4), medium (Md = 8) and
      large (Lg = 12) litters were maintained on high fat (HF) or control diets (C) for
      6 weeks, beginning at weaning. After a further 4 weeks on lab chow, all animals
      were fed a cafeteria diet for another 6 week period. Body weight at weaning
      indicated Lg less than Md and Sm animals. Lg animals gained more weight during
      the postweaning period but their body weight remained lower than the Sm. HF
      animals from all litter sizes consumed more calories and gained more weight than
      C animals. During the period of cafeteria feeding the Sm animals gained more
      weight than the Md and Lg. Although males were heavier than females, the sexes
      responded similarly to treatment. The postweaning dietary regimen had no effect
      on the weight gained in response to cafeteria feeding.

PMID- 3685158
TI  - Juvenile play in the rat: thalamic and brain stem involvement.
AB  - Discrete electrolytic lesions of the parafascicular area of the thalamus (PFA) or
      posterior thalamic area (TP) reduced the frequency of pinning, an indicator
      variable for rough-and-tumble play in juvenile rats, while largely sparing
      motivation to play. Similar sized lesions placed within the ventrobasal thalamic
      area (VBT) had minimal effects on both pinning and measures of play solicitation.
      Lesions placed within the ventrolateral aspect of the brain stem also markedly
      reduced pinning, while having no effect on indices of play motivation. Although
      tests designed to assess the extent to which the observed play deficits may be
      attributable to a loss of somatic acuity proved inconclusive, the overall pattern
      of results were not inconsistent with positing a role for these neural areas in
      relaying somatic stimuli relating to playful intent.

PMID- 3685159
TI  - Object exploration in staggerer mutant mice.
AB  - Staggerer mutant mice, which lose Purkinje and granule cells in the cerebellum,
      were found to explore for a longer period of time than normal mice a novel object
      placed in a familiar environment. There was no difference between the two groups
      in terms of general motor activity. These results are discussed in regard to a
      role for the cerebellum in behavioral inhibition and emotion.

PMID- 3685160
TI  - Altered responsiveness to ambiental stimuli in altered thyroidal states.
AB  - Hypothyroidal rats produced by low iodine diet or propylthiouracyl (PTU) were
      less active in the open field and received fewer food reinforcements than
      controls in a lever press situation at both 22 degrees C and 1 degree C. The
      hypothyroid rats also pressed less when heat was the reinforcer. On the other
      hand, hyperthyroidal rats produced by thyroid powder ingestion showed reduced
      emotionality in the open field. Acute exposure to cold failed to increase their
      alimentary or heat reinforced behavior. The results suggest that hypothyroidism
      produces a general inattention to the environment. This is found whether the
      environmental stimulus is an opportunity to explore, access to food or the
      availability of external heat.

PMID- 3685161
TI  - Cholecystokinin octapeptide, proglumide, and conditioned taste avoidance in rats.
AB  - Past research has shown that large (pharmacological) doses of cholecystokinin
      octapeptide (CCK-8) can influence conditioned behavior in rats. In the present
      study rats were allowed to locate and drink from a drinking tube that contained a
      sucrose solution. Following 30 sec exposure to the sucrose, intraperitoneal
      injections of NaCl or CCK-8 were given, with several variables measured 24 hr
      later. CCK-8 (100 micrograms/kg) was found to increase the latency to begin
      drinking the sucrose. It was also found that CCK-8 (10 micrograms/kg and 100
      micrograms/kg) reduced the amount of sucrose consumption following the pairing of
      sucrose exposure and CCK-8. In addition, CCK-8 (100 micrograms/kg) reduced the
      amount of time rats spent in the area of the conditioning apparatus where the
      sucrose was located. These results are consistent with past research which found
      that CCK-8 can produce conditioned taste avoidance in rats. These results suggest
      that pharmacological doses of CCK-8 can act as an aversive stimulus during
      conditioning. Proglumide was found to block all of the effects produced by CCK-8
      while producing little effect by itself.

PMID- 3685162
TI  - Environmental control of energy metabolism in rats.
AB  - Food availability was arranged so that episodes of feeding were separated by long
      periods of deprivation. Distinctly different contexts were associated with each
      condition. For other animals, relatively short periods of deprivation stood in
      contrast to relatively long opportunities to free-feed, and were also embedded in
      widely differing physical contexts. These temporal relationships among the
      conditions were adjusted to sharpen the saliency of each metabolic condition and
      thereby enhance its associability with the distinctive environment in which each
      occurred. To avoid the possibility of circadian entrainment, the feeding or
      deprivation episodes occurred at unpredictable times according to a variable-time
      schedule. Following several training cycles and an extended period of free
      feeding in a neutral environment, the animals were reexposed to the various
      contexts and sacrificed for metabolite assays. The environment predictive of
      feeding elevated adipocyte lipoprotein lipase activity and lowered the levels of
      serum free fatty acids. The deprivation context boosted serum triglycerides and
      blood urea nitrogen. The conditioned responses were all of a compensatory nature:
      Feeding cues resulted in accelerated caloric deposition, deprivation cues
      elicited conditioned mobilization of stored energy. While protein catabolism and
      several indices of fat metabolism appear to be conditionable, no evidence of
      environmental control of glycemic responses was observed.

PMID- 3685163
TI  - Food intake dependence on acute changes in light schedule.
AB  - The mechanism of the diurnal eating pattern in the rat (eating much more food at
      night than in the day) is not entirely clear. To further study the influence of
      environmental lighting on food intake, male rats were maintained in constant
      12:12 light-dark cycle (daytime from 0800 to 2000) and subjected to short-time
      acute changes in the light schedule. The results show: (1) Lights on during the
      nighttime (30-min from 2230 to 2300 or from 2258 to 2328) suppress short-term
      food intake; (2) Lights off during the daytime (2-hr from 1000 to 1200) increase
      short-term food intake. Both responses (1 and 2) are independent of the age of
      the rat. These results are consistent with acute regulatory adjustment of feeding
      to abrupt light shifts, possibly by generation through the retino-hypothalamic
      pathway to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (supporting its action as a pacemaker in
      the endogenous circadian feeding rhythm in the rat), although other control
      mechanisms are not excluded.

PMID- 3685164
TI  - Meal size and intermeal interval in human subjects in time isolation.
AB  - We analyzed the content and number of meals eaten by eight subjects who lived for
      several weeks in time isolation and whose free-running sleep-wake periods (SWP)
      lengthened (to an average of more than 33 hours) and were desynchronized from the
      stable 25 hour rhythm of body temperature. Recently, in an analysis of meal
      timing, we reported that the long SWPs of free-running desynchrony (FRD) were
      associated with significantly longer intermeal intervals (IMI) than the shorter
      SWPs of free-running synchrony (FRS), suggesting that meals and sleep-wake events
      are timed by the same mechanism. We now report that in both FRS and FRD, subjects
      ate approximately three meals per SWP and the average size of a meal was similar
      across conditions. As a result, mean caloric intake decreased by 21 percent per
      24 hours and mean satiety ratio increased by 27 percent on the long biological
      days of FRD. Despite the decrease in caloric intake, body weight did not change
      significantly in FRD compared to FRS. Decreased food consumption in FRD was not
      attributable to lowered core body temperature. The similarity of average meal
      size in the two FR conditions suggested that increased meal size did not drive
      the longer IMIs of desynchrony, although variability of caloric intake from meal
      to meal within conditions correlated with postmeal and premeal intervals. The
      results are interpreted as further support for the concept that in time
      isolation, the same mechanisms that governs the timing of sleep and waking is
      important in regulating the timing of meals.

PMID- 3685165
TI  - Diet texture, moisture and starch type in dietary obesity.
AB  - A series of experiments demonstrated that the texture of a diet has less effect
      on growth than does the water content. Rats fed diets containing 50-71% water
      become obese. On the other hand, diets containing as little as 30% or as much as
      75% water failed to increase growth. Varying the concentration of the suspending
      agent (xanthan gum) from 0.5% to 2% greatly altered the viscosity of liquid diets
      but had no reliable effect on growth. Diets containing gelatinized starch became
      semi-solid when water was added but the rats still grew faster when fed the moist
      rather than the dry gelatinized starch diets. However, feeding a diet containing
      a very high level of gelatinized starch reduced growth independently of the
      moisture content. Rats fed a dry powdered diet gained weight at about the same
      rate as rats fed a pelleted diet. These results indicate that the moisture
      content of a diet has a major influence on its ability to induce obesity. The
      type of starch fed to the rats also seems to be an important determinant of
      growth rate.

PMID- 3685166
TI  - Muramyl dipeptide, amphetamine, and physostigmine: effects on sleep of rabbits.
AB  - Muramyl peptides (MPs) are constituents of bacterial cell walls and mammalian
      tissue. Some MPs have the capacity to enhance slow-wave sleep (SWS). In rabbits,
      it was unknown whether MPs enhanced SWS by prolonging SWS episodes or by
      increasing the number of SWS episodes. In rabbits, there is a frequent
      alternation between sleep and waking; thus, demonstration of induction of new SWS
      episodes is difficult unless pharmacologic manipulations are used. We injected
      amphetamine subcutaneously to reduce duration of sleep (from about 45% to 20%)
      for a period of two hours; it reduced the number of SWS episodes. Muramyl
      dipeptide (MDP: NAM-L-ala-D-isogln) injected into a lateral ventricle one hour
      before amphetamine significantly increased the number of SWS episodes.
      Physostigmine, a cholinergic agonist, was also used. By itself, physostigmine
      greatly reduced SWS and rapid eye movement sleep. Pretreatment of animals with
      MDP two hours before physostigmine injection failed to reverse subsequent
      physostigmine-induced wakefulness. We conclude that MDP has the ability to induce
      SWS episodes but does not act directly on the thalamocortical cholinergic
      mechanisms of EEG phenomena. Our results, together with earlier evidence on
      anatomical levels of action of amphetamine and physostigmine, suggest that the
      somnogenic mechanisms of MPs likely involve the midbrain.

PMID- 3685167
TI  - Pubertal decline in maternal responsiveness in Long-Evans rats: maturational
      influences.
AB  - Latency to onset of maternal behavior increases progressively from the weanling
      to the peripubertal period in female and male Long-Evans rats. Gonadectomy or
      hypophysectomy on day 21 had no influence on the pubertal decline in maternal
      responsiveness. Apparently, inhibitory neural pathways mature which are
      independent of pituitary hormonal influences.

PMID- 3685168
TI  - Medial amygdala lesions in male rats reduce aggressive behavior: interference
      with experience.
AB  - The medial nucleus of the amygdala (am) has been implicated in a variety of
      social behaviors. The present experiment will test the hypothesis that the effect
      of am lesions on intermale aggressive behavior is due to interference with social
      learning processes. Small electrolytic lesions of the am had no significant
      effect in socially naive male rats. A marked reduction of aggressive behavior was
      observed in animals that were lesioned after experience with four aggressive
      interactions. Repeated testing suggests that these lesioned animals are unable to
      adapt their aggressive behavior on the basis of previous victory experience. The
      results are discussed in terms of social learning and memory processes in
      relation to the afferent and efferent connections of the am.

PMID- 3685169
TI  - [Drug interactions].

PMID- 3685170
TI  - [Scope of the information imparted to patients with ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 3685172
TI  - [Administrators speak. Interview by Krystyna Serafin].

PMID- 3685171
TI  - [Role of the Nursing Department of the Medical Academy in Krakow].

PMID- 3685173
TI  - [Prevention and early detection of breast cancer (rules for self-examination of
      the breast)].

PMID- 3685174
TI  - [Ethos and culture of the nurse].

PMID- 3685175
TI  - [Role of the nurse in the recovery room].

PMID- 3685176
TI  - Dispelling five myths about public relations.

PMID- 3685177
TI  - Complications following rhytidectomy (continuing education credit).

PMID- 3685179
TI  - Toxic shock syndrome hasn't gone away.

PMID- 3685178
TI  - The expanding role of tissue expansion.

PMID- 3685180
TI  - Unexpected vascular response to epinephrine in port wine stains.
AB  - Success of argon laser therapy as a therapeutic modality for port wine stains has
      been correlated with the degree of vascular congestion within the lesions.
      Epinephrine causes vasoconstriction and erythrocyte stasis within normally
      innervated vessels. We tested the hypothesis that subcutaneous injection of
      epinephrine would cause vasoconstriction, altered hemodynamics, and increased red
      cell mass in port wine stains and thus allow more directed and less nonspecific
      damage and a better cosmetic result. Two clinically similar and adjacent areas
      within port wine stains were biopsied from 10 patients following subcutaneous
      injection of either Xylocaine or Xylocaine with epinephrine. Erythrocytes within
      vessels of the superficial cutaneous vascular plexus were increased in areas
      pretreated with Xylocaine plus epinephrine (55.3 versus 45.9 percent; p less than
      0.09). This increase was seen in 9 of 10 patients studied (p less than 0.05).
      Epinephrine appears to increase erythrocytes within ectatic vessels of port wine
      stains and thus would likely improve laser energy absorption and cosmetic
      results.

PMID- 3685181
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the lip.
AB  - We reviewed 117 consecutive patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lip. The
      retrospective review includes age, race, location, risk factors, TNM
      classification, histologic differentiation, treatment methods, recurrent disease,
      site of recurrence, and follow-up status. Results reveal prognosis is related to
      original tumor size, location, local recurrence, histologic grade, and presence
      of cervical metastasis. The presence of cervical lymph node disease reduces the
      survival from 90 to 50 percent; the survival after recurrent disease to the neck
      is 10 percent. When a prophylactic suprahyoid neck dissection shows involvement
      with tumor, 83 percent of patients have metastasis to cervical lymph nodes. The
      overall recurrence rate is 20 percent. Over 60 percent of the recurrent disease
      is due to tumors less than 4 cm in diameter. The local recurrence rate is 7
      percent, but reexcision of the local recurrence gives a 75 percent cure rate.
      Aggressive surgical treatment is recommended for identifiably poor prognostic
      lesions and includes surgical excision, prophylactic suprahyoid neck dissection,
      and possible radical neck dissection.

PMID- 3685182
TI  - The use of subcutaneous pedicle flaps in the treatment of postburn scar
      contractures.
AB  - Subcutaneous pedicle flaps, which were usually applied to repair small skin
      defects in the face or the fingertip, have been used with success in the
      treatment of 17 postburn scar contractures, with the exception of one partial
      flap necrosis. The results indicate the reliability and usefulness of this
      technique in the treatment of scar contractures, even in the extremities or the
      trunk. Subcutaneous pedicle flaps are effective for relatively wide contractures
      or quadratic contractures. When the skin tension across the contracture line is
      too great to use any local flap, such as a Z-plasty or V-Y plasty, the
      subcutaneous pedicle flap is particularly useful, because it can be freely
      designed in an area where the tension is small. When the flap contains some
      superficial scarring, the subcutaneous pedicle flap is preferred over other local
      flaps because of the superior vascularity and mobility.

PMID- 3685183
TI  - A new surgical approach to closure of large lumbosacral meningomyelocele defects.
AB  - A new method for the reconstruction of large thoracolumbar and lumbosacral
      meningomyelocele defects is described in which latissimus dorsi and gluteus
      maximus myocutaneous units are advanced medially and reapproximated in the
      midline, permitting primary closure of the defect in three layers. The flaps are
      based on the thoracodorsal and superior gluteal vessels and the intervening
      thoracolumbar fascia, providing tension-free, durable, and viable soft-tissue
      coverage over the dural repair. No lateral relaxing incisions, delays, or skin
      grafts are necessary. This technique has been used successfully in the repair of
      nine large meningomyelocele defects, and uncomplicated wound closure was achieved
      in all cases. The anatomic basis, technique, advantages, and functional
      implications of our approach are described. The flaps described do not alter the
      nerve supply of the muscles and merely redefine the muscle origins; therefore, no
      functional deficit from the reconstructive surgery is anticipated.

PMID- 3685185
TI  - Is there a need for clinical cleft lip and palate research?

PMID- 3685184
TI  - S-flap: a method for reconstruction of sensibility on the finger pulp.
AB  - A two-staged procedure for reconstruction of sensibility on the critically
      important areas of the finger pulp is described. Sensation on the radial side of
      the index finger was reestablished by this method in five patients. Two of the
      patients regained normal sensation and three almost normal sensation on the
      contact area for pinch grip. The disadvantages of this operation are scars and
      some deformity of the natural contour of the pulp.

PMID- 3685186
TI  - Manuscript acceptance: excellence not favoritism.

PMID- 3685187
TI  - Osteoradionecrosis of the olecranon: treatment by radial forearm flap.
AB  - Osteoradionecrosis of the olecranon is an unusual pathologic entity, treated best
      by debridement and wound closure using vascularized tissue. Local skin is often
      unavailable for flap design and transposition. The radial forearm flap can be
      isolated on a proximal vascular pedicle and transposed to cover the wound. In the
      case presented, healing was brisk and complete, allowing early elbow
      mobilization. Although the donor site is not easily concealed, no functional
      impairment results from flap elevation and all full-thickness wounds are confined
      to the involved extremity.

PMID- 3685188
TI  - A simple method for alar rim reconstruction.
AB  - A one-stage repair procedure is described for the reconstruction of small to
      medium-sized full-thickness alar rim defects with a hinged medially based
      nasolabial island flap. The operation is performed under local anesthesia as an
      office procedure and is indicated particularly in older patients. The hinged flap
      provides both the inner and outer layers of the alar rim. The donor site is
      closed primarily with no need to mobilize a large skin flap. The procedure leaves
      no conspicuous scars on the face. This method was found to be simple and safe,
      providing excellent tissue viability and yielding good color and texture match.

PMID- 3685189
TI  - The self-retained Le Fort I osteotomy.
AB  - Because inferior repositioning of the maxilla after Le Fort I osteotomy has a
      high relapse rate, a modified bone cut oriented obliquely upward has been tried
      in 29 patients. The modification allows extrusion of the fragment while
      maintaining good bony contact, thus eliminating the need for bone grafts. It also
      permits self-retention of the fragment and can be adapted to movements in any
      plane.

PMID- 3685190
TI  - In utero lip repair in the rhesus monkey: an update.

PMID- 3685191
TI  - Thoughts on more radical procedures in face lift.

PMID- 3685193
TI  - Injectable collagen.

PMID- 3685192
TI  - Visit with a plastic surgeon in Nicaragua.

PMID- 3685194
TI  - Hynes' pharyngoplasty revisited.

PMID- 3685195
TI  - Laser deepithelialization.

PMID- 3685196
TI  - Breast augmentation by autologous fat injection.

PMID- 3685197
TI  - Hidradenitis suppurativa: patient satisfaction with healing by secondary
      intention.

PMID- 3685198
TI  - The suction cannula: retractor in facial plasty.

PMID- 3685199
TI  - Yellow pages and false credentials in plastic surgery.

PMID- 3685200
TI  - Peripheral nerve allograft.

PMID- 3685201
TI  - Caution in expanding radiated tissue.

PMID- 3685202
TI  - McGhan Medical Corporation and the inflatable breast implant.

PMID- 3685203
TI  - Strange bedfellows.

PMID- 3685204
TI  - [A study on the recovery state and personality features of Morita nervosity-
      using clinical evaluation and psychological testing].

PMID- 3685205
TI  - [Interpretation of hallucinatory voices arguing and its dependence on culture].

PMID- 3685206
TI  - [Experiences with the Luria-Golden neuropsychologic test procedure].
AB  - After a short characterization of the theoretical reference system and the
      neuropsychological examination methods developed by Luria the Luria-Nebraska test
      battery is represented and compared with our own experiences. The
      neuropsychological examination method should mainly be employed for the
      qualitative determination of patterns of psychic performances and behaviour,
      after cerebral damage for the determination of the therapeutic effectiveness, and
      for the objectification of individual problems regarding the confrontation with
      the handicap.

PMID- 3685207
TI  - [Pathogen spectrum in bacterial meningitis in childhood and subsequent
      therapeutic strategy].
AB  - In a total of 223 children over one month old suffering from purulent meningitis,
      there was a predominance (n = 96) of meningococci over hemophilus influenzae (n =
      68) and pneumococci (n = 59). Crucial to therapeutic strategy for purulent
      meningitis is early diagnosis, in our laboratory covering both liquor and blood
      cultures. Initial therapy has to take account of these three chief causal agents.
      We have not as yet observed any resistance to penicillin from meningococci or
      pneumococci, and none of the liquor-cultivated hemophilus influenzae stock has
      been resistant to ampicillin. In the first two years of life, initial therapy for
      bacterial meningitis should include ampicillin, a liberal (300-400 mg/kg KM/d)
      dosage continuing to be important after the onset of improvement. In view of the
      lack of resistance of the causal agents cultivated, we had hitherto no cell to
      deploy modern cephalosporins in cases of bacterial meningitis in children.

PMID- 3685208
TI  - [Unusual course of necrotizing encephalitis].
AB  - It is reported on a girl with a chronic encephalitis leading to death after 8
      years. The course had first been typical for subacute sclerosing panencephalitis,
      but autopsy showed lesions of the brain typical for herpes simplex encephalitis.

PMID- 3685209
TI  - [Psychopathology of progressive paralysis. Remarks on some personal cases].
AB  - Four of our own cases that presented a clinical picture of dementia are
      discussed. A study of the relative literature has failed to reveal any "swing" in
      the pattern of the clinical condition: Just as it did ninety years age, paralytic
      dementia accounts today for well over 60% of all cases, those clinical pictures
      erroneously regarded as "typical" "classic", accounting for a mere 10%-15% of
      cases. The need for routine lues serology is pointed out.

PMID- 3685210
TI  - [Value of neuroleptic therapy in the self assessment of schizophrenic patients].
AB  - On the basis of clinical self-assessment scales (von Zerssen) and the Frankfurt
      questionnaire of complaints, it is demonstrated by the comparison of three groups
      of schizophrenic patients with one control group which is not undergoing therapy
      with neuroplegics that within the "genuine" groups the psychopathological factors
      investigated recede, sometimes quite significantly. Cross-over design treatment
      involving the control group has not revealed any significance. We conclude that
      when treating schizophrenic psychoses, psychosocial measures must accompany
      biological measures.

PMID- 3685211
TI  - [Ward assessment questionnaire--a further possibility for objectively evaluating
      therapeutically significant milieu conditions].
AB  - Ways of evaluating the therapeutic environment in psychiatry and psychotherapy
      are discussed, and an account of work with Engels Ward Assessment Form is given.

PMID- 3685212
TI  - [Acoustic evoked brain stem potentials in chronic alcoholic Korsakoff syndrome].
AB  - 29 patients with Korsakoff syndrome (KS) were examined by means of brainstem
      auditory evoked potentials. The interpeak-latencies were delayed cumulative with
      the most accentuation of IPL I-VI. BAEP are suitable for subdividing of KS. It is
      suggested that BAEP shall observed in alcoholics for detection of norm
      deviations.

PMID- 3685213
TI  - [Paranoid conspiratory delusion].
AB  - Taking paranoid conspiratory delusion as example, it is attempted to describe the
      connection between structure and content of delusions. Inspired by Freuds
      interpretation of the case Schreber, the cathexis of socially recognized meanings
      with subjective interest is described as a matrix of cathexis. Delusion is seen
      as a "filling" of "cathexis-holes".

PMID- 3685214
TI  - [The time of the patient--the time of the physician].

PMID- 3685216
TI  - [From psychiatry enquiry to postmodern psychiatry].
AB  - The large-scale "Psychiatry Inquiry", or inquest, held in the Federal Republic of
      Germany in the 'seventies, represented a great step forward in the reformation of
      psychiatric patient care. However, the general consensus of opinion about the
      future development crumbled and fell apart by the end of the 'seventies. On the
      one hand, there was the demand for dissolving the psychiatric large-scale
      hospital whereas on the other hand the ancient type of lunatic asylum or mental
      hospital re-entered through the backdoor: therapy wards were separated spatially
      from care wards without the slightest regard for the modern concepts of mental
      illness, its treatment and its course. This article tries to point out that both
      tendencies are an expression of today's "postmodernistic thinking". They offer
      illusions of solutions, i.e. they simulate solutions in the sense of the
      postmodern technique of "as though" and do not pay any heed to the interests of
      the mental patient himself.

PMID- 3685215
TI  - [The body as the site of self and other perception--a contribution to the
      identity problem].
AB  - The author differentiates between two modes of perception, one is the
      "expressive" mode, stabilizing and aiming at constancy, the other is the
      "impressive" mode, penetrating the self and aiming at identification with the
      percept. The clinical relevance of the latter for the therapy of psychoses is
      demonstrated by five case studies. The "Leib" as the place of incidence of
      perception is viewed in its function for the interaction of physician and
      patient: above all psychotic border states induce forms of communication, which
      are remarkably close to the body and remain mostly unconscious, but might be the
      beginning and instigation of a whole of behaviour-(action) chains on the side of
      the therapist. For the purpose of a controlled handling of the instrument of
      therapeutic intervention it is necessary to bring to view precisely these
      processes occurring close to the body. The traditional idea of identity is
      embarrassing this process of perception.

PMID- 3685217
TI  - [Research in psychiatric care: a contribution to the evaluation of the extramural
      care of schizophrenic patients].
AB  - The conceptual approach and the structures of psychiatric service have changed,
      and hence the question of efficacy of measures and institutions for mental
      patients is of special significance. In the U.S.A. this realization has led to a
      regulation that compulsorily prescribes the evaluation of Government-sponsored
      programs (Dowell and Ciarlo, 1983). Whereas the investigation into the efficacy
      of individual therapeutic measures is part of standard psychiatric research
      (Garfield and Bergin, 1978, Clark and del Guidice, 1970), the evaluation of
      institutions or part systems of service has only just begun, to a major part due
      to the methodical difficulties arising from investigating such a claim. It is
      often impossible, for both ethical and practical reasons, to initiate an
      experimental study approach that definitely provides for random allocation of
      patients to various service care and monitoring parameters. Hence, we must look
      for alternative research strategies enabling analysis of cause and effect
      relationships on the basis of observation studies. In this study we attempted to
      improve the significance of statistical analyses by means of adequate data
      analysis technique, the object of analysis being a community psychiatric service;
      such a procedure would restrict the number of possible alternative possibilities
      of interpretation. We could prove for a group of schizophrenic patients that
      continual aftercare by aftercare clinics had a really significant effect on the
      rehospitalization of patients, which was considerably reduced without entailing
      any adverse effect on the patients in consideration of the pattern of signs and
      symptoms involved.

PMID- 3685218
TI  - [Psychiatry in the general hospital--between crisis and chronicity].
AB  - Important parts of the work of a psychiatric department of a district general
      hospital with regional care duty (115,000 people) are shown by an empirical
      study. For a period of 4 weeks all emergency and crisis situations in which
      patients appeared on the ward directly were registered. All telephone calls made
      for the same purpose were registered, too. The kind of the crisis and the kind of
      help were put into categories. The result of this study was, that in an urban
      area with approx. 100,000 people one can expect approx. 200 persons (2% of the
      population) to be in need of a frequent in many cases ward supported crisis
      intervention. The second part of the study shows with a patients case report,
      what possibilities do exist in the field of rehabilitation of chronic psychiatric
      patients within the community and what inherent difficulties there are.

PMID- 3685219
TI  - [Patient-centered approaches to understanding, transformation and solution of
      team conflicts in the psychiatric clinic within the scope of the Balint group
      concept].
AB  - The working climate and therapeutic possibilities in a hospital are determined,
      among other factors, by emotional processes in everyday ward routine. Team
      conflicts and their solution are not infrequently reflections of the open
      mindedness of a hospital towards the complexity of these processes. However, the
      complex interlocking of transference processes with role-specific and personality
      conditioned behaviour patterns makes it more difficult to understand and make use
      of these emotional processes within the team. We present a specific attempt to
      working up emotional conflicts in a patient-centred approach via focussing on
      self-rating of the team workers in respect of mood, feeling tone and imagination.
      Specific internal Balint groups are the fulcrum. To distinguish this method from
      the theory of object-directed transference of emotions and constructions of
      relations, the theoretical basis of this group method is seen in the systemic
      paradigm with which patient-focussed solution functions are obtained in respect
      of process orientation and instrumental part functions of the team workers. In
      this connection it was explored to what extent the following factors can be
      interpreted as patient-induced phenomena: therapeutic and role behaviour,
      hospital structures and administrative squabbles, internal and external walls of
      a mental hospital.

PMID- 3685220
TI  - [Obstacles to innovation].
AB  - Three publications by K.P. Kisker that appeared in the 'sixties of the present
      century are milestones along an important path of panoramic changes in the recent
      history of psychiatry. They are model reflections of the steps or stages towards
      a new approach to understanding the social system represented by the hospital and
      the style of working practised therein. A present-day critical assessment is
      given of the forces that have been acting against this development, as pointed
      out by Kisker, and especially so of those originating from the dynamics of
      tension between the nursing and the medical staffs.

PMID- 3685221
TI  - Psychiatric morbidity and platelet monoamine oxidase activity in cancer patients.
AB  - Psychometric ratings for both anxiety and depression in 30 cancer patients were
      significantly elevated compared with values in 16 controls. The scores were
      especially high in the 14 patients who did not have breast cancer. This group
      also had significantly greater platelet monoamine oxidase activity than either
      the breast cancer patients or controls. Platelet monoamine oxidase activity
      values correlated significantly with both depression and anxiety scores in the
      whole cancer group.

PMID- 3685222
TI  - Mood change following an acute delay of sleep.
AB  - A phase advance of some circadian rhythms (e.g., body temperature and rapid eye
      movement [REM] sleep propensity) relative to the sleep-wake cycle is thought to
      be implicated in the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of some affective
      disorders. Since this phase disturbance can be induced in normal subjects by
      acutely delaying their sleep onset, it follows that the outcome of this
      experimental procedure should resemble the symptoms of depressive illness. This
      hypothesis was tested by imposing a 6-hour phase delay of sleep in 10 young male
      subjects. There were reliable changes in observers' ratings of mood and in some
      self-report measures. For the most part, the effect was modest, being largely
      confined to variations within normal limits. Two of the subjects, however, were
      noticeably depressed when interviewed after either the first or the second night
      of phase shift.

PMID- 3685223
TI  - Psychometric validation of psychiatric diagnoses in the New York High-Risk Study.
AB  - The authors used the Minnesota Multiphase Personality Inventory (MMPI) to provide
      convergent validity for Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) diagnoses of parents
      with schizophrenia, mainly schizophrenic schizoaffective disorder (SAS), bipolar
      affective disorder, and unipolar affective disorder in the New York High-Risk
      Study. Examination of group profiles, as well as univariate and configural
      analyses of several MMPI variables, led to successful discrimination of the
      schizophrenic from both affective groups and a normal control group. The results
      support the validity of risk assessment for children in the study and also
      suggest that there is commonality between schizophrenia and SAS. Despite
      variations in clinical status at testing, the MMPI was useful in exploratory
      analyses to describe phenomenology specific for schizophrenia that was expressed
      as the predominance of disturbances in thought, social relations, motivation, and
      affective expressivity relative to a primary disturbance in mood. The results
      also suggest that there is some symptomatic overlap between schizophrenia and
      affective disorders regarding a disturbance in social relatedness predominant
      over a disturbance in mood (for unipolar states) and a disturbance in thought
      predominant over a disturbance in mood (for bipolar states).

PMID- 3685224
TI  - Morphological brain abnormalities in schizophrenia determined by computed
      tomography: a problem of measurement?
AB  - The size of the cerebral ventricles was estimated from computed tomographic (CT)
      scans of 14 young patients with schizophrenia and 12 medical controls. The
      subjects were a representative subsample from a larger sample studied by Boronow
      et al. (1985). Although no CT abnormalities were detected in the psychiatric
      patients using traditional measures (mechanical planimetry for the lateral
      ventricles and a linear measure for the third ventricle), a volumetric analysis
      of the same 26 scans revealed enlargement of the lateral and third ventricles in
      the schizophrenics. The effect revealed by volumetric measures of the lateral
      ventricles was 58% greater than that obtained with digital planimetry and 96%
      greater than the effect found using mechanical planimetry. No differences were
      found between volumetric and digital planimetric measures of the third ventricle,
      but the effect revealed by the latter measure was 114% greater than that obtained
      by a linear index. It is suggested that volumetric measures of lateral ventricles
      based on information from several CT slices may be more sensitive to group
      differences in ventricular size than planimetry. Likewise, area measures of the
      third ventricle may be more sensitive to group differences than linear measures.

PMID- 3685225
TI  - Relationship of auditory hallucinations and paranoia to platelet MAO activity in
      schizophrenics: sex and race interactions.
AB  - Platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was determined in 37 female and 64 male
      patients with Research Diagnostic Criteria diagnoses of paranoid or
      undifferentiated schizophrenia, or schizoaffective disorder, mainly
      schizophrenic, and for 71 female and 65 male normal controls (NCs). Female NCs
      had significantly higher adjusted mean platelet MAO activity than male NCs and
      female, paranoid, nonhallucinating schizophrenics. Male NCs had significantly
      higher adjusted mean platelet MAO activity than male, paranoid, hallucinating
      schizophrenics. Examination of main and interactive effects of diagnostic
      subtype, presence/absence of auditory hallucinations, gender, and race within the
      group of schizophrenic patients revealed no statistically significant main effect
      but, rather, significant interactive effects of auditory hallucinations with
      gender, with diagnostic group and gender, and with diagnostic group and race in
      the prediction of platelet MAO activity. The interaction of diagnostic subtype
      with race and gender in the prediction of platelet MAO activity was also
      statistically significant. In general, significantly decreased platelet MAO
      activity was associated with both paranoid subtype and presence of auditory
      hallucinations in male and in black schizophrenics; and with paranoid subtype
      alone in white male schizophrenics. These interactive relationships with platelet
      MAO activity in schizophrenics may account for discrepancies in previous reports
      of the activity of this enzyme in schizophrenics, and are consistent with reduced
      platelet MAO activity in subgroups of schizophrenics.

PMID- 3685226
TI  - The role of identification in the resolution of trauma: the Anna Freud memorial
      lecture.
AB  - In studies on the consequences of trauma, identifications have too often been
      overlooked. Trauma is experienced as an assault and can lead to an automatic,
      unconscious identification with the aggressor. Trauma is associated with a
      constellation of identifications, including identification with the aggressor,
      with the victim, with the rescuer, and with the caregiver. Identifications are
      important for the recovery from and mastery of trauma.

PMID- 3685227
TI  - Actions speak louder.
AB  - Case material is presented from three analyses in which dramatic, unexpected
      movements by patients on the couch dominated the analytic hours for long periods
      of time. The psychoanalytic literature pertinent to this area of acting in is
      reviewed, and some formulations regarding the shift from verbalization to motor
      behavior are presented. These center on the proposition that the patients had
      identified with aggressor parents who regarded actions, not words, as the
      ultimate conveyers of reality. The analyst's use of countertransference responses
      as clues to the understanding of the actions is discussed.

PMID- 3685228
TI  - Topsy--living and dying: a footnote to history.
AB  - This paper explores the significance of Marie Bonaparte's book, Topsy: The Story
      of a Golden Haired Chow. The manifest importance of Topsy has been attached to
      the fact that the Freuds translated it out of gratitude to Bonaparte and because
      of their love for dogs. Another level of significance emerges when the book is
      placed in historical context. Topsy elucidates the relationships between Marie
      Bonaparte, Sigmund Freud, and Anna Freud. It reflects Bonaparte's feelings about
      Freud's illness and is part of an ongoing dialogue with him. The persistent
      misplaced emphasis on the "dog story" has obscured the more profound issues. The
      author suggests that the conflicting needs to appreciate transience and to avoid
      mourning may account for both the importance of the book and for its obscurity.

PMID- 3685229
TI  - Reaction to the end of the analytic hour as a derivative of an early childhood
      experience: couch or crib.

PMID- 3685230
TI  - Extensions of Grier's computational formulas for A' and B'' to below-chance
      performance.

PMID- 3685231
TI  - The effects of piracetam upon visual event-related potentials in dyslexic
      children.

PMID- 3685232
TI  - Effects of experimentally-induced sleep fragmentation on sleep and sleepiness.

PMID- 3685233
TI  - Factors related to behavioral control by stimuli presented during sleep.

PMID- 3685234
TI  - Cardiovascular-CNS interactions during a self-paced, intentional attentive state:
      elite marksmanship performance.

PMID- 3685235
TI  - Effects of mood on lacrimal flow: sex differences and asymmetry.

PMID- 3685237
TI  - [Psychosomatic medicine--origins and developments in the present].

PMID- 3685236
TI  - Hemispheric asymmetry and human classical conditioning to verbal and non-verbal
      visual CSs.

PMID- 3685238
TI  - [The body-soul problem from the viewpoint of the psychosomatic practitioner.
      Models and their contradictions].

PMID- 3685239
TI  - [Psychoanalysis as a social institution].

PMID- 3685240
TI  - [Significance of internalization and externalization in normal development].

PMID- 3685241
TI  - [Impulsive dyssocial borderline personalities--psychogenesis, regression, therapy
      and expert assessment].

PMID- 3685242
TI  - [Sociocultural demands of psychotherapy--on the discussion of "conscience" and
      "society" in relation to Viktor E. Frank's logotherapy].

PMID- 3685243
TI  - Vagal function in achalasia of the cardia.
AB  - Autonomic nervous function in achalasia of the cardia was assessed by measuring
      the response of the lower oesophageal sphincter to abdominal compression, the
      gastric secretory response to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia and the pulse rate
      variability with deep respiration. Twenty-eight patients with symptomatic
      achalasia and 24 age and sex-matched control subjects were studied. Rise in intra
      abdominal pressure normally causes a rise in lower oesophageal pressure through a
      vagally-mediated mechanism. Before treatment this response was unimpaired in
      eight of 10 patients with achalasia. A sub-normal response was found in eight of
      10 patients who had previously had pneumatic dilatation of the cardia and in
      three of four who had had a cardiomyotomy. These abnormalities reflected the
      effect of treatment in disrupting the sphincter rather than impairment of its
      innervation. The gastric acid secretory response to insulin-induced
      hypoglycaemia, expressed as a ratio of that to pentagastrin, was normal in each
      of the nine patients studied. Pulse rate variability with deep respiration, a
      test of cardiac vagal function, was normal in 22 of 25 patients studied. It is
      concluded that in achalasia the vagal trunks appear functionally intact and that
      the myenteric plexus lesion rarely affects the responsiveness of the lower
      oesophageal sphincter to increase in intra-abdominal pressure.

PMID- 3685244
TI  - Failure of a negative exercise test to reassure patients with chest pain.
AB  - Seventy-two patients with chest pain and negative exercise tests were observed.
      Twenty-one (29 per cent) became pain free but 51 (71 per cent) continued to
      complain of chest pain. Patients with persistent pain were significantly more
      anxious and depressed at presentation and later compared with those who had
      become pain free. Anxiety and particularly depression, at presentation and later,
      were significantly associated with severe symptoms. Patients with chest pain
      associated with neurosis and depression are not reassured by physiological stress
      testing because their physical symptoms are a feature of underlying psychiatric
      disease.

PMID- 3685245
TI  - The clinico-pathologic features of hepatitis B virus-associated
      glomerulonephritis.
AB  - The frequency of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was studied in the sera of
      311 patients with various forms of primary glomerulonephritis and 43 patients
      with lupus nephritis. HBs antigenaemia was detected in 69 of the 311 patients (22
      per cent) with primary glomerulonephritis and this prevalence of HBsAg carrier
      was significantly higher than that in the general population (p less than 0.001).
      These patients had no clinical or biochemical findings to suggest acute or
      chronic liver disease. A higher HBs antigenaemia carrier rate was not observed in
      patients with lupus nephritis. Three glomerulopathological entities, membranous
      nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis,
      were found to be associated with a higher prevalence of HBs antigenaemia compared
      with the general population (p less than 0.001). Glomerular deposits of HBsAg
      and/or hepatitis core antigen (HBcAg) were detected in 41, 61, and 60 per cent of
      renal biopsy specimens from patients with membranous nephropathy, IgA
      nephropathy, and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis associated with
      persistent HBs antigenaemia respectively. During the mean study period of 40
      months (range 12-180), 14 per cent of these patients with hepatitis-associated
      glomerulonephritis developed progressive renal failure, although none required
      maintenance dialysis. Our study suggests that hepatitis B virus antigenaemia may
      play a significant role in the development of specific forms of
      glomerulonephritis and that these hepatitis B virus-associated
      glomerulonephritides can run an indolent but relentless progressive clinical
      course.

PMID- 3685246
TI  - Familial idiopathic congestive cardiomyopathy in three generations: a family
      study with eight affected members.
AB  - Idiopathic congestive (dilated) cardiomyopathy with an autosomal dominant
      inheritance pattern affected eight individuals (four males) in three of four
      generations of a 63-member kindred of non-consanguineous ancestry. Average age at
      presentation was 39.5 years (range 32-54). A malignant course with relentless
      cardiac failure occurred in six cases; one member who died suddenly had been
      asymptomatic and the eighth is alive but in cardiac failure 44 months after
      initial presentation. Average time course to death from onset of symptoms
      suggestive of cardiomyopathy in six affected members was 16 months (range three
      to 55 months). In three cases, sudden death occurred and was the mode of
      presentation in one. Myocardial histological examination, available from three
      cases, showed variation in muscle fibre size with interstitial fibrosis. Forty
      two family members in two generations including the propositus (19 males), age
      range three to 46 years (mean 17.9) when first assessed were prospectively
      evaluated. Two had basal systolic murmurs and two had right bundle branch block.
      Excluding the propositus, three members showed Doppler echocardiographic evidence
      of regurgitation without associated structural anomalies and three had valve
      prolapse with Doppler echocardiographic evidence of regurgitation. Cardiac
      chamber dimensions were within normal limits in all members and no cardiac
      arrhythmias were seen. Among the various therapeutic approaches now available
      cardiac transplantation, especially in younger patients with unremitting disease,
      is a potential option which should be considered.

PMID- 3685247
TI  - Hereditary complement deficiency in survivors of meningococcal disease: high
      prevalence of C7/C8 deficiency in Sephardic (Moroccan) Jews.
AB  - The prevalence of complement deficiency was studied among 111 survivors of
      sporadic meningococcal disease located through the medical records of 10 Israeli
      hospitals. There were 11 patients with CH50 = 0: one with systemic lupus
      erythematosus and 10 with hereditary terminal complement deficiency (four with
      homozygous C7 and six with C8 deficiency). There was no hereditary complement
      deficiency among 39 Ashkenazi subjects as against 18 per cent among 38 Sephardi
      subjects and 40 per cent among 15 of Moroccan ancestry (p less than 0.05). The
      age at first presentation of meningococcal disease in complement deficient
      patients was 14.7 +/- 7.6, years compared with 8.1 +/- 10.9 in the non-deficient
      patients (p less than 0.025). None of the complement deficient patients had
      meningitis below the age of 5 years vs. 49 per cent of non-deficient subjects.
      Recurrent meningitis was observed in 40 vs. 4 per cent (p less than 0.01) and
      meningitis in siblings in 40 vs. 2 per cent respectively (p less than 0.001). In
      addition to the 10 propositi, 11 non-propositus siblings were identified with
      severe complement deficiency (six with homozygous C7 and five with C8
      deficiency). Seven of the non-propositi had no history at all of meningitis or
      any other serious systemic disease, underlining the relatively favourable
      prognosis of terminal complement deficiency. With increasing familiarity with the
      clinical features of this hereditary disease, it is possible now to identify on
      clinical grounds patients with meningococcal disease with a high likelihood of
      terminal complement deficiency.

PMID- 3685248
TI  - Common misinterpretations of the "linear, no-threshold" relationship used in
      radiation protection.
AB  - Absorbed dose D is shown to be a composite variable, the product of the fraction
      of cells hit (IH) and the mean "dose" (hit size) z to those cells. D is suitable
      for use with high level exposure (HLE) to radiation and its resulting acute organ
      effects because, since IH = 1.0, it approximates closely enough the mean energy
      density in the cell as well as in the organ. However, with low level exposure
      (LLE) to radiation and its consequent probability of cancer induction from a
      single cell, stochastic delivery of energy to cells results in a wide
      distribution of hit sizes z, and the expected mean value, z, is constant with
      exposure. Thus, with LLE, only IH varies with D so that the apparent
      proportionality between "dose" and the fraction of cells transformed is
      misleading. This proportionality therefore does not mean that any (cell) dose, no
      matter how small, can be lethal. Rather, it means that, in the exposure of a
      population of individual organisms consisting of the constituent relevant cells,
      there is a small probability of particle-cell interactions which transfer energy.
      The probability of a cell transforming and initiating a cancer can only be
      greater than zero if the hit size ("dose") to the cell is large enough. Otherwise
      stated, if the "dose" is defined at the proper level of biological organization,
      namely, the cell and not the organ, only a large dose z to that cell is
      effective.

PMID- 3685250
TI  - Accumulation of anthracotic particles along lymphatics of the human lung:
      relevance to "hot spot" formation after inhalation of poorly soluble
      radionuclides.
AB  - Large lung sections of humans of advanced adult age revealed a markedly
      nonuniform retention pattern of dense anthracotic particle aggregates, with an
      impressive accumulation of this material along pulmonary lymphatics, i.e. the
      deep (peribronchial), septal (perivenous) and superficial (pleural) networks.
      Conversely, the alveolar parenchyme contained only occasional, small aggregates
      of macrophages heavily loaded with carbon, representing little more than 2% of
      this material in lung tissue. Although translocation kinetics of anthracotic
      particles cannot readily be compared to those of highly toxic alpha-emitting,
      poorly soluble radionuclides such as 239PuO2, lymphatic drainage of the latter
      over the years may also be expected to lead to a concentration of radioactive
      material along lymph vessels. Since human data on the effects of inhaled 239PuO2
      are virtually lacking, the above distribution pattern is apt to help in
      identifying cells and other tissue components most heavily at risk. Findings are
      also relevant to the problem of "hot spot" formation in vivo and its possible
      sequelae. The latter are briefly discussed with regard to both stochastic and non
      stochastic effects.

PMID- 3685249
TI  - Some factors affecting the sensitivity of cultured human cells to high-LET
      radiation.
AB  - Comparative effects of decay of DNA-bound 125I, of gamma-radiation and of
      tritiated water on survival of the proliferative ability of cultured cells were
      examined. The results confirm a previous report that cells frozen to -196 degrees
      C in the presence of 2M glycerol have lost a considerable proportion of their
      intracellular water. The data also suggest that the fraction of the lethal damage
      caused by deposition of radiation energy in intracellular water close to the DNA
      is greater for gamma-radiation than for the decay of DNA-bound 125I. Inherited
      differences in the sensitivity of untransformed fibroblasts from individual
      humans to ionizing radiations and other DNA-damaging agents are being explored.
      The ratios of the sensitivities of various cell lines to particular agents can
      vary several-fold. Thus the RBE of various radiations is affected not only by the
      irradiation conditions and the water content of the cells but also by inherited
      abnormalities in the DNA repair systems in human cells.

PMID- 3685251
TI  - Thyroid carcinoma: a follow-up study of 11 years.
AB  - During a follow-up of 11 years of thyroid carcinoma 136 patients were repeatedly
      examined. 43% papillary, 43% follicular, 11% anaplastic and 2% medullary
      carcinomas was found. The incidence of these types of carcinoma differed
      considerably; the frequency peak of papillary carcinomas was reached in 45-year
      old humans, that of the follicular carcinomas in people aged 60, that of the
      anaplastic carcinomas in 70-year-old humans. 84% of the patients was female.
      Classification in pTNM-system: 8% in pT1, 27% in pT2, 12% in pT3 and 49% in pT4.
      Local and distant metastases were found at a low rate equally in pT1, pT2 and
      pT3; 26% of patients in pT4 had local metastases and 18% had distant ones in
      addition. There were 6 patients with metastases of a differentiated
      adenocarcinoma accumulating no 131-iodine and with no thyroglobulin in serum. 29%
      of patients had after thyroidectomy an unilateral paresis of the nervus recurrens
      and 4% a bilateral one. 26% of patients had a permanent hypoparathyroidism after
      thyroidectomy.

PMID- 3685252
TI  - Determination of sulfite radical (SO.3-) reaction rate constants by means of
      competition kinetics.
AB  - The sulfite radical anion (SO.3-) was found to react rapidly with the flavonoid
      quercetin (k = 2.5 x 10(8) dm3mol-1s-1) and the carotenoids crocin (k = 1.0 x
      10(9) dm3mol-1s-1) and crocetin (k = 1.5 x 10(9) dm3mol-1s-1). The reactions can
      easily be monitored due to the strong absorptions of the substrates and, in the
      case of quercetin, the formation of a strongly absorbing transient species. Using
      these substances, we determined by means of competition kinetics rate constants
      of SO.3- reactions with nucleic acid components, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and
      glutathione.

PMID- 3685253
TI  - Ultraviolet inactivation and photoreactivation of the cholera phage 'kappa'.
AB  - The lysogenic cholera phage, 'Kappa' is some ten to twenty folds more resistant
      to UV (254 nm) than are most of the T. phages of E. coli, or the cholera phage PL
      163/10, or the host V. cholerae strain H218 Smr, the 37% (D37) and 10% (D10)
      survival doses being 255.8 J/m2 and 633.6 J/m2 respectively. The UV-irradiated
      'Kappa' phages could be photoreactivated in the host V. cholerae strain H218 Smr
      to a maximum extent of 40%. The removal of the number of lethal hits per phage by
      the survival-enhancement treatment (photoreactivation) with time followed an
      exponential relation, the constant probability of removal of lethal hit per unit
      time being 2.8 x 10(-2)min-1. The UV-irradiated phages could also be Weigle
      reactivated in the host strain H218 Smr by a small degree, the maximum
      reactivation factor (ratio of survivals in UV-irradiated and non-irradiated
      hosts) being 1.50.

PMID- 3685254
TI  - The Monte Carlo simulation of pearl chain formation.
AB  - The phenomenon of pearl chain formation (PCF) is investigated by means of a
      statistical model using the Monte Carlo method. Fifteen particles (cells)
      interacting with simple dipole-dipole potential are shown to form chains under
      the influence of an external field with a threshold potential significantly lower
      than the two particle estimate. A possible overlap between PCF and the thermal
      effects of an electric field is suggested.

PMID- 3685255
TI  - Incidence of female breast cancer among atomic bomb survivors, Hiroshima and
      Nagasaki, 1950-1980.
AB  - Ascertainment of breast cancer incidence among the cohort of the RERF Life Span
      Study extended sample identified 574 breast cancers among 564 cases diagnosed
      during 1950-1980 of which 412 cancers were reviewed microscopically. There were
      no dose-dependent differences with respect to diagnostic certainty or
      histological type. As in previous studies, the dose response appeared to be
      roughly linear and did not differ between the two cities. The most remarkable new
      finding was the emergence of a radiation-related excess among women under 10
      years of age at exposure. The risk of radiogenic breast cancer appears to
      decrease with increasing age at exposure, whether expressed in relative or
      absolute terms. These results suggest that exposure of female breast tissue to
      ionizing radiation at any time during the first four decades of life, even during
      the premature stage, can cause breast cancer later in life, and that the length
      of time that tumor promoters such as endogenous hormones operate following
      exposure has an important influence on the development of radiation-induced
      breast cancer. An unresolved question is whether breast cancer risk is increased
      by radiation exposure at ages older than 40.

PMID- 3685256
TI  - Platinum complexes with one radiosensitizing ligand [PtCl2(NH3) (sensitizer)]:
      radiosensitization and toxicity studies in vitro.
AB  - Complexes of general formula [PtCl2(NH3)L] with one radiosensitizing ligand per
      platinum are compared with ligand L alone, complexes with two radiosensitizers
      per platinum [PtCl2L2], and their analogs with NH3 ligands, with respect to
      radiosensitizing properties and toxicity in CHO cells. Radiosensitizing ligands,
      L, were misonidazole, metronidazole, 4(5)-nitroimidazole, and 2-amino-5
      nitrothiazole, and the ammine analogs were cis- and trans-DDP
      [diamminedichloroplatinum(II)] and the monoammine, K[PtCl3(NH3)]. Results are
      related to a previous study on plasmid DNA binding by these series. The toxicity
      of the mono series [PtCl2(NH3)L], attributable to DNA binding, is much higher
      than the corresponding bis complexes, [PtCl2L2]. For L = misonidazole, toxicity
      is similar to the monoammine, but higher in hypoxic than in aerobic cells. trans
      [PtCl2(NH3)-(misonidazole)] is more toxic than the cis isomer. Except for L =
      4(5)-nitroimidazole, the complexes [PtCl2(NH3)L] are more toxic than L in air and
      hypoxia. Hypoxic radiosensitization by the mono complexes is comparable to the
      monoammine and is not better than free sensitizers, again except for L = 4(5)
      nitroimidazole. Significantly lower sensitization is observed in oxic cells. The
      bis complexes [PtCl2L2], which do not bind to DNA as well as the mono complexes,
      are less effective radiosensitizers and less toxic than the [PtCl2(NH3)L] series.

PMID- 3685257
TI  - Successive 3H and 14C labeling of DNA in a stimulus-response system.
AB  - Quiescent (G0) cells of the central zone region of the rat lens epithelium were
      recruited into the cell cycle by a wound stimulus. Cells were pulsed with labeled
      DNA precursor at several different times after the initiation of the DNA
      synthesis response to wounding and allowed to progress into the mitotic phase.
      Analysis of mitotic figures resulted in PLM (percentage labeled mitoses) curves
      that indicated a G2 duration of about 6 h. Double isotopic labeling
      ([3H]thymidine followed by [14C]thymidine) was utilized to demonstrate the
      completion of DNA synthesis in earliest responders. Cells completed DNA synthesis
      in less time (3-5 h) than reflected by the approximately 8-h widths of PLM
      curves. This discrepancy is attributed to the uptake and retention of labeled
      precursor by the stimulus-responsive cells while they are still in a pre-S phase
      condition. Based on a comparison of transit times through G2 and of labeling
      times to midpoint appearances of labeled mitotic figures, earlier responders do
      not appear to have faster rates of cell cycle progression than cells responding 2
      4 h later. G2 transit time is also comparable for central zone lens cells
      responding to the relatively strong stimulus of wounding and for the nonperturbed
      cells previously studied in the germinative zone of the lens epithelium.

PMID- 3685258
TI  - Influence of mixed-ligand complexes on retention and distribution of radioniobium
      in mice.
AB  - The individual effects of desferrioxamine B (DFOA), Na3Ca
      diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), Na-salicylate, DL-penicillamine, and 2
      aminoethylisothiouronium bromide hydrobromide, as well as the effect of mixed
      ligand treatment on the retention and elimination of 95Nb in mice have been
      examined. It was found that 95Nb could easily be mobilized by a single dose of
      DFOA, but the best result was obtained with the DFOA and DTPA combination. Mixed
      ligand treatment did not change the deposition characteristics and translocation
      kinetics of 95Nb.

PMID- 3685259
TI  - The effect of chromatin decondensation on DNA damage and repair.
AB  - The effects of chromatin compaction on X-radiation-induced cell killing and the
      induction and repair of DNA damage were studied in Chinese hamster ovary cells
      deprived of isoleucine for 24 h (Ile- cells) and compared to untreated controls.
      The results show that chromatin is decondensed in Ile- cells; i.e., in Ile- cells
      the nuclear area occupied by heterochromatin decreased 30-fold over control
      cells, both the rate and limit of micrococcal nuclease digestion were greater for
      Ile- cells, and 14.2% more propidium iodide was intercalated into the Ile- cell
      chromatin. The X-ray-induced cytotoxicity did not change in Ile- cells versus the
      control cells (D0 = 0.99 Gy) nor did the X-ray-induced DNA damage. However, the
      repair of DNA damage produced by 10 Gy proceeded with different kinetics in Ile-
      cells when compared to the controls. The initial rate of DNA damage repair was
      slower in Ile- cells by a factor of 2 compared to controls (the time required to
      rejoin 50% of the lesions was 6 versus 3 min, respectively). However, after 2 h
      of repair no DNA damage was detected in either group. Therefore, we conclude that
      this decondensation of chromatin, per se, does not directly modify the induction
      or ultimate repair of DNA damage by X radiation or cell clonogenicity and thus
      does not appear to be a primary factor in cell survival.

PMID- 3685260
TI  - Computer programs for the analysis of cellular survival data.
AB  - Four programs have been written to enable radiobiologists to build a computer
      data base of cellular dose-survival data, calculate cell survival with a
      correction for cell multiplicity at the time of irradiation, fit various survival
      models to the data by iteratively weighted least squares, and calculate the ratio
      of survival levels corresponding to specified doses or the ratio of doses that
      produce specified survival levels (e.g., oxygen enhancement ratio or relative
      biological effectiveness). The programs make plots of survival curves and data,
      and they calculate standard errors and confidence intervals of the fitted
      survival curve parameters and ratios. The programs calculate survival curves for
      the linear-quadratic, repair-saturation, single-hit multitarget, linear
      multitarget, and repair-misrepair models of cell survival and have been designed
      to accommodate the addition of other survival models in the future. The programs
      can be used to compare the accuracy with which different models fit the data,
      determine if a difference in fit is statistically significant, and show how the
      estimated value of a survival curve parameter, such as the extrapolation number
      or the final slope, varies with the survival model. The repair of radiation
      induced damage is analyzed in a novel way using these programs.

PMID- 3685261
TI  - Biosynthesis and degradation of collagen in X-irradiated mouse lung.
AB  - Fibrosis, characterized by accumulation of collagen, is a delayed result of
      radiation injury in many tissues, including lung. To investigate its development,
      synthesis and degradation of collagen were measured in lungs of mice after X
      irradiation of the whole thorax. The ratio of type I (coarse fibered) to type III
      (meshwork) collagen was also determined. Synthesis of procollagen, measured as
      the activities of prolyl-4-hydroxylase and protein disulfide isomerase in lung
      tissue, was increased at 2 months after X-ray doses of 5, 7.5, and 9 Gy. Maximal
      increases were observed 6 to 7 months after doses of 9 Gy and persisted up to 15
      months after exposure. Increases after 5 and 7.5 Gy were more gradual, but by 1
      year after irradiation they had reached levels similar to those after 9 Gy. X
      irradiation had no effect on the degradation of collagen as assessed by
      collagenase activity in lung. The ratio of type I to type III collagen, analyzed
      by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of collagen-derived
      cyanogen bromide peptides, was the same in irradiated lungs as in age-matched
      controls. Therefore, increased synthesis of procollagen, rather than decreased
      degradation of collagen or changes in collagen type, is an important factor in
      the accumulation of collagen in irradiated lung.

PMID- 3685263
TI  - X-ray-induced dominant lethal mutations in mouse oocytes detected by an in vitro
      assay.
AB  - Female mice were X-irradiated with 0.5-4.5 Gy 2 h before mating to unirradiated
      males of the same strain. The dominant lethal frequencies (DLF) were determined
      by growing the embryos in vitro from the two-cell stage and determining the
      relative rates of successful embryogenesis to the blastocyst stage and to the
      trophectoderm outgrowth with proliferated inner cell mass stage. The DLF
      increased with increasing dose, the two linear aspects having a breakpoint at
      about 1.5 Gy. The nature of embryo failure was also dose dependent. At doses less
      than 2.0 Gy embryos failed predominantly after blastocyst formation, but at
      higher doses the embryos failed both before and after blastocyst formation. Over
      the dose range tested, the frequency with which lesions leading to dominant
      lethality were induced [i.e., -ln(1 - DLF)] increased linearly with increasing
      dose.

PMID- 3685262
TI  - Variability in the kinetics of thermotolerance decay in three cell lines.
AB  - The magnitude of thermotolerance and rate of tolerance decay has been evaluated
      in three cell lines following isotime and isoeffect initial heat treatments at 44
      degrees C. Following the development of maximal thermotolerance, all cell lines
      lost tolerance at an exponential rate. However, for the three cell lines
      examined, V-79, CHO, and A-7, differences were apparent in the time required for
      maximal tolerance development, magnitude of induced tolerance, and rate of
      tolerance decay. This variability in the thermotolerance response of cells
      suggests difficulties which might be encountered if in vivo fractionation
      protocols are to be developed to minimize damages to normal tissue and maximize
      damages to tumor tissue.

PMID- 3685264
TI  - Altitude, radiation, and mortality from cancer and heart disease.
AB  - The variation in background radiation levels is an important source of
      information for estimating human risks associated with low-level exposure to
      ionizing radiation. Several studies conducted in the United States, correlating
      mortality rates for cancer with estimated background radiation levels, found an
      unexpected inverse relationship. Such results have been interpreted as suggesting
      that low levels of ionizing radiation may actually confer some benefit. An
      environmental factor strongly correlated with background radiation is altitude.
      Since there are important physiological adaptations associated with breathing
      thinner air, such changes may themselves influence risk. We therefore fit models
      that simultaneously incorporated altitude and background radiation as predictors
      of mortality. The negative correlations with background radiation seen for
      mortality from arteriosclerotic heart disease and cancers of the lung, the
      intestine, and the breast disappeared or became positive once altitude was
      included in the models. By contrast, the significant negative correlations with
      altitude persisted with adjustment for radiation. Interpretation of these results
      is problematic, but recent evidence implicating reactive forms of oxygen in
      carcinogenesis and atherosclerosis may be relevant. We conclude that the cancer
      correlational studies carried out in the United States using vital statistics
      data do not in themselves demonstrate a lack of carcinogenic effect of low
      radiation levels, and that reduced oxygen pressure of inspired air may be
      protective against certain causes of death.

PMID- 3685265
TI  - A primary pulmonary sarcoma in a rhesus monkey after inhalation of plutonium
      dioxide.
AB  - A pulmonary fibrosarcoma of bronchial origin was discovered in a Rhesus monkey
      that died of pulmonary fibrosis 9 years after inhalation of plutonium-239 dioxide
      and with a radiation dose to lung of 1400 rad (14 Gy). It grew around the major
      bronchus of the right cardiac lung lobe and extended into the bronchial lumen and
      into surrounding pulmonary parenchyma. It also readily invaded muscular pulmonary
      arteries, resulting in infarction and scarring in the right cardiac lobe. Despite
      this aggressive growth, the tumor did not metastasize. The primary cause of death
      was severe pulmonary fibrosis involving the alveolar septa and and perivascular
      and peribronchial interstitium. Bullous or pericitrical emphysema was prominent.
      The initial lung burden of plutonium in this monkey was 270 nCi (10 kBq) which is
      equivalent to approximately 500 times the maximum permissible lung burden for man
      on a radioactivity per unit body weight basis. The time-dose relationship for
      survival is consistent with that of dogs and baboons that inhaled plutonium
      dioxide and died with lung tumors.

PMID- 3685266
TI  - Radiotherapy: the quality assurance of patient management.

PMID- 3685267
TI  - Teaching radiographic photography.

PMID- 3685268
TI  - The winds of change.

PMID- 3685269
TI  - Mobile mammography project.

PMID- 3685270
TI  - Aberdeen radiographer and a Mediterranean emergency.

PMID- 3685271
TI  - Why candidates fail the DMU.
AB  - In conclusion, candidates need to prepare themselves thoroughly in their
      knowledge of anatomy and practical techniques: where pathology will influence
      anatomy and how to adjust their technique to account for this, as well as
      technical difficulties in imaging. During the examination the candidate requires
      to read carefully the questions and ensure that he or she understands them.
      Careful planning of an answer particularly so as to ensure that salient points
      appear in the relevant sections would be time well spent. Finally, contrary to
      widespread opinion, few candidates fail on the basis of poor answers to what have
      been described as more esoteric questions. The most disappointing aspect of the
      Diploma of Medical Ultrasound Examination is the consistently poor answers to
      questions about obstetric subjects. Candidates need to know what measurements are
      used in obstetrics, why they are used, what they are used for and what their
      limitations are. The candidate who understands fetal growth and development,
      fetal measurement, who has a good knowledge of sectional anatomy, and who
      demonstrates a knowledge of technique that will allow the proper demonstration of
      normal anatomy and pathology, is unlikely to complain 'I can't believe I failed
      the Practical Applications paper'.

PMID- 3685272
TI  - Reactions to chemical fumes in radiology departments.
AB  - The Spicer-Hay-Gordon Report on the survey of New Zealand radiographers,
      published in Australasian Radiology in August 1986, indicates a need for further
      investigation into various aspects of the problems of radiographers' health. This
      paper presents four case reports to substantiate claims that health professionals
      exposed to x-ray processing chemicals suffer a variety of symptoms mentioned in
      the survey. It also seeks to point the way for more detailed investigation into
      particular aspects of the problem - processor design, darkroom ventilation,
      safety in chemical handling, awareness of the chemical hazards in radiographic
      departments and a review of training manuals in schools of radiography.

PMID- 3685273
TI  - Dynamic CT scanning on a second generation machine.

PMID- 3685274
TI  - Integrated training--a topical approach.

PMID- 3685275
TI  - Radiological protection and SI Units: NHS guidance.

PMID- 3685276
TI  - Shielding the diagnosis.

PMID- 3685277
TI  - Isocentric neuroradiography.

PMID- 3685278
TI  - Radiography training: it's all a question of degree.

PMID- 3685279
TI  - A proposed scheme for a first degree in radiographic imaging science.

PMID- 3685280
TI  - The use of computerised tomography in facial injuries.

PMID- 3685281
TI  - A comparison of the performance of role-play and non-role-play students at
      interview.
AB  - This article compares the performance of role-play and non-role-play students at
      an interview resembling a viva voce examination. Diagnostic and therapy
      radiography students were given a mock viva voce examination at which they were
      asked how they would respond to patients showing emotional difficulties during a
      radiographic procedure. Voce questions showed that students who had experienced
      role-play during training were more likely to cope with the patient's
      difficulties. The results of this survey are believed to indicate the value of
      role-play in radiography student training and to corroborate the use of the viva
      voce examination for assessing aspects of the affective domain.

PMID- 3685283
TI  - Dental radiography series. 9. Zonarc programmed tomography X-ray unit for the
      head and neck region.

PMID- 3685282
TI  - Discography of the lumbar spine and chemonucleolysis of the intervertebral discs.

PMID- 3685284
TI  - Radionuclide imaging. 1. Perfusion and ventilation lung scans.

PMID- 3685285
TI  - [Principles of the prevention, early recognition, treatment and aftercare of
      cervical cancer].

PMID- 3685286
TI  - [Principles of the prevention, early recognition, treatment and aftercare of
      ovarian cancer].

PMID- 3685287
TI  - [Results of combined surgical and radiologic treatment of hypernephroid
      carcinoma].

PMID- 3685288
TI  - [Radiotherapy of local recurrences of primary irradiation of glottic laryngeal
      cancer].

PMID- 3685289
TI  - [Relative biological effectiveness of fast neutrons from the U-120 cyclotron in
      Kiev].

PMID- 3685290
TI  - Misonidazole does not sensitize normal bone marrow cells to radiation.

PMID- 3685292
TI  - Synthetic description of Fourier parametric images.

PMID- 3685291
TI  - Possibilities of the protection of continuously irradiated rats and mice with
      potassium and magnesium aspartates [correction of aspirates].

PMID- 3685293
TI  - [The RTOG/EORTC classification criteria for early and late radiation reactions].

PMID- 3685294
TI  - [Modern imaging systems in interventional radiology].

PMID- 3685295
TI  - Therapeutic interventional procedures in congenital heart disease.

PMID- 3685296
TI  - [Surgical and balloon atrial septostomy in congenital heart defects].

PMID- 3685297
TI  - Experience of consecutive 135 cases treated by Porstmann's method (plug closure
      of PDA) and present status of his method in Japan.

PMID- 3685298
TI  - [Transarterial occlusion of persistent ductus arteriosus].

PMID- 3685299
TI  - [Transluminal occlusion of congenital coronary fistulas].

PMID- 3685300
TI  - [Percutaneous transvascular removal of pacemaker leads].

PMID- 3685301
TI  - [Removal of foreign bodies from the heart and blood vessels].

PMID- 3685302
TI  - [Percutaneous aspiration thromboembolectomy].

PMID- 3685303
TI  - [Materials and indications for percutaneous transvascular embolization].

PMID- 3685304
TI  - [Embolization therapy of arteriovenous malformations].

PMID- 3685305
TI  - [Embolization therapy of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations--a critical
      analysis].

PMID- 3685306
TI  - Transluminal embolization of systemic arteries in pulmonary bleeding.

PMID- 3685307
TI  - [Superselective transvascular embolization as an alternative to surgical therapy
      of renal hemorrhage].

PMID- 3685308
TI  - [Significance of embolization treatment for the prognosis of renal cell
      carcinoma].

PMID- 3685309
TI  - Long-term results of embolization in renal tumors.

PMID- 3685310
TI  - [Trombovar for the embolization of renal tumors].

PMID- 3685311
TI  - Embolization therapy in patients with tumors of urinary bladder.

PMID- 3685312
TI  - [Technical problems and complications in percutaneous transhepatic bile duct
      drainage].

PMID- 3685313
TI  - [Treatment of esophageal stenoses using a balloon catheter].

PMID- 3685314
TI  - [Percutaneous drainage of abdominal abscesses. 1. Anatomic bases and
      postoperative compartmental changes in CT].

PMID- 3685315
TI  - [Percutaneous drainage of abdominal abscesses. 2. CT-guided drainage: technic and
      results].

PMID- 3685316
TI  - [Percutaneous drainage of abdominal abscesses].

PMID- 3685317
TI  - [Obliteration of breast cysts--clinical, psychological and economic aspects].

PMID- 3685318
TI  - A practical approach to direct magnification radiography.
AB  - The focus of this article is the diagnostic accuracy and performance of direct
      magnification utilizing conventional radiographic equipment. Although in the past
      magnification radiography has been used primarily for the detection of arthritic
      erosion, the practicality of a new system has increased its use for the detection
      and/or evaluation of soft tissue and bone lesions, as well as follow-up
      examination of prosthetic placements.

PMID- 3685319
TI  - Clinical effectiveness in radiologic technology students: an empirical
      perspective.
AB  - This article describes two studies that examine the nature of effective clinical
      performance among radiologic technology students. The first study includes the
      perspective of staff technologists on student performance, while the second study
      includes the perspective of clinical instructors, important dimensions of
      performance that are identified include organization, relationship with peers and
      staff, relationships with patients, flexibility, and initiative. These dimensions
      are linked to specific student behaviors in clinical practice.

PMID- 3685320
TI  - Enteroclysis: double contrast examination of the small bowel.
AB  - Enteroclysis is a double contrast study of the small bowel. This procedure allows
      the radiologist to evaluate the small bowel for disease processes including
      Crohn's disease, Meckel's diverticulum, and malabsorption diseases--all disease
      processes sometimes missed through single contrast SBFT. Through the use of
      enteroclysis, the radiologist can detect mucosal fold pattern changes, ulceration
      of the lumen, dilation of the loops, and intussusception, which can cause an
      obstruction. Even though the procedure is costly and time consuming, it provides
      a more accurate evaluation of the small bowel.

PMID- 3685321
TI  - Radiation therapy technologists: a profile.
AB  - The shortage of radiation therapy technologists continues to be a national
      problem. Data regarding the population who enter the profession, as well as the
      professional expectations and factors leading to job satisfaction of therapy
      technologists, need to be determined before effective recruitment and retention
      strategies can be developed. This article details a survey that was conducted to
      gather this data.

PMID- 3685323
TI  - On quants and rocket scientists.

PMID- 3685322
TI  - Competency-based education versus traditional education: a comparison of
      effectiveness.

PMID- 3685324
TI  - Score reports don't add up.

PMID- 3685325
TI  - [Mycoplasma pneumonia in children].
AB  - Roentgenographic findings of bilateral interstitial involvement without segmental
      consolidation and with regional lymphadenitis, when occurs after infancy, are
      always suggestive of pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, as this is one of
      the most frequent typis of pneumonia in children. M. pneumoniae can be presumed
      from the discrepancy between the extensive roentgenographic findings and the
      generally good condition of the patient. Before therapy is decided upon it is
      important to know what the etiology is.

PMID- 3685327
TI  - [MR tomography in glioblastomas and cerebral metastases].
AB  - 36 Patients with glioblastomas (17 cases) and cerebral metastases (19 cases) were
      investigated by MRI. The typical signal behavior at different acquisition
      parameters (T1-, T1/T2-, Rho- and Rho/T2-weighted) was analysed using an
      interlaced triple sequence. In most cases the NMR-tissue parameter T1, T2 and
      proton-density (Rho) were determined to evaluate the potentials for tissue
      characterisation. The results of unenhanced vs. enhanced scans (MRI plus Gd-DTPA,
      CT) were analysed.

PMID- 3685326
TI  - [Initial experiences with gadolinium DTPA in magnetic resonance tomography of
      bone and soft tissue tumors].
AB  - MR was performed in 41 patients suffering from benign and malignant bone and soft
      tissue tumor before and after intravenous injection of the paramagnetic agent
      gadolinium-DTPA (Gd-DTPA). Using T1-weighted parameters, the contrast of tumor
      tissue versus muscle could be increased by Gd-DTPA. Thus, extraosseous extension
      as well as infiltration of the spinal canal was depicted to better advantage.
      Inhomogeneities were visualized with higher frequency and improved contrast. In
      several instances, there was no differentiation between tumor and adjacent edema
      without application of Gd-DTPA. T2-weighted images without Gd-DTPA exhibited
      higher contrast as compared to T1-weighted images after Gd-DTPA. The contrast to
      tumor tissue versus fat and bone marrow respectively was reduced after applying
      Gd-DTPA. Thus, for the evaluation of bone marrow infiltration, T1-weighted images
      without Gd-DTPA proved to be indispensable.

PMID- 3685328
TI  - [Juvenile ossifying fibroma of the facial skull. Computerized tomography and
      nuclear magnetic resonance tomography].
AB  - The clinical and radiological features in a case of a juvenile ossifying fibroma
      of the skull were studied with CT and MRI. The combination of both imaging
      modalities allows a precise prediction of tumor components and extension.

PMID- 3685329
TI  - [Thin-section computerized tomography of the skull base].
AB  - High-resolution CT images of the skull base are depicted and anatomical
      structures are described. A large variety of osseous and soft tissue structures
      can be differentiated in the temporal bone, nasopharynx and orbita. Knowledge of
      the anatomical structures is essential for the recognition of pathological
      changes and also plays an essential role for the radiologist involved in
      diagnosis.

PMID- 3685330
TI  - [Catheter malposition following puncture of the jugular vein].

PMID- 3685331
TI  - [Computerized tomography in thoracic trauma].
AB  - Chest CT scans were obtained in 86 patients suffering from serious blunt or
      penetrating chest trauma. The finding of mediastinal widening was by far the most
      common CT indication. CT proved to be a more sensitive method for detection of
      parenchymal lung lesions and occult pneumothorax than bedside radiographs. CT
      contributed substantially in differentiation of lung abscess and empyema,
      exclusion of mediastinal pathology and spinal injuries. Aortography is still
      indicated, even when CT findings are normal if aortic laceration is clinically
      suspected. Despite all of the technical problems combined with CT examinations in
      the critically ill patient, we consider CT a valuable diagnostic tool for certain
      problems in the traumatized patient.

PMID- 3685332
TI  - [Thoracic trauma with injuries of the thoracic spine].
AB  - From a major series of surgically treated patients with fractures and fracture
      dislocations of the thoracic spine 4 cases are presented exhibiting different
      trauma mechanisms and presenting with a variety of associated acute and chronic
      intrathoracic lesions. Surgical stabilisation and treatment of additional
      intrathoracic injury (vascular, lymphatic duct, empyema, posttraumatic
      fibrothorax) necessitated a transpleural approach, effective for the spine as
      well. Diagnostic radiology was restricted to minimal requirements due to urgency
      and/or difficulties of exposure.

PMID- 3685333
TI  - Traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta. A review of 49 cases.
AB  - We examined retrospectively the chest radiograph of forty nine patients with
      angiographically proven aortic ruptures. The plain film findings found most
      consistently were a wide mediastinum (69.5%), partial obliteration of the
      descending aorta (67.3%), left apical cap (65.3%), downward displacement of the
      left main bronchus (65.3%), tracheal deviation to the right (63.2%), obscuration
      of the aortic arch (55.1%), right paratracheal stripe thickening (53%) and
      nasogastric tube deviation to the right (50%). We also examined 113 sequential
      aortograms performed after thoracic trauma over 3 years, to determine the
      positive rate in our series; 14 studies were positive for a rate of 12.4%. No
      single case of proved ruptured aorta with a normal chest radiograph was detected.

PMID- 3685334
TI  - [Roentgen diagnosis in diaphragmatic trauma].
AB  - The diagnostic value of roentgenology in 85 patients who had to undergo surgery
      because of diaphragmatic rupture at the university of Freiburg from 1973 to 1985
      is reviewed. The ratio of left- to right-sided diaphragmatic rupture is 62 to 23.
      Preoperatively the following diagnostic procedures were used: chest film
      examination in 82, plain film of the abdomen in 64, contrast radiographs of the
      gastrointestinal tract in 21, ultrasonography in 37, computed tomography in 8 and
      angiography in 9 patients. Sensitivity and specificity of these diagnostic
      methods depend on an intrathoracic prolapse of abdominal structures and on the
      existence of concomitant injuries. The combination of all these procedures
      improved the diagnostic accuracy. In 11 patients a diaphragmatic rupture was only
      detected by surgery.

PMID- 3685335
TI  - [The thymus gland in computerized tomography. Normal findings and pathology].
AB  - The diagnostic value of CT in follicular thymic hyperplasia and in thymomas in 8
      patients with myasthenia gravis and in 12 patients without myasthenia gravis
      suffering from thymic tumors was evaluated by correlating CT-findings to surgical
      results and pathological-histological findings. Thymic size of the six patients
      with histologically proven follicular hyperplasia were scattered within the
      normal range, but half of them were at the upper limit. Thymic tumors were
      differentiated between invasive and non invasive tumors by CT staging. Solid
      tumors with different histology could not be further classified; the attenuation
      values ranging from 15-55 HU were the same in tumors, follicular hyperplasia and
      normal thymus.

PMID- 3685336
TI  - [Computerized tomography aspect of empyema necessitatis].
AB  - In two case reports the development of an empyema necessitatis in the course of
      long-standing tuberculosis and after pneumonectomy because of lung carcinoma is
      presented. The computer tomographic aspect and the differential diagnosis are
      discussed.

PMID- 3685337
TI  - [Polypoid tumors of the esophagus. Pseudosarcoma and carcinosarcoma].
AB  - We report two cases of a carcinosarcoma and a pseudosarcoma of the esophagus and
      discuss the clinical, radiologic and histopathologic findings.

PMID- 3685338
TI  - [Unclear mediastinal tumor].

PMID- 3685339
TI  - [Joint annual meeting of the Hessian Society for Medical Radiology and the
      Association of Southwest Germany Radiologists and Nuclear Physicians. 25-27
      September 1987, Wiesbaden. Abstracts].

PMID- 3685340
TI  - Angiographic ablation of parathyroid adenomas: lessons from a 10-year experience.
AB  - Angiographic ablation of parathyroid adenomas with ionic contrast material was
      performed in 24 patients with persistent hyperparathyroidism who had undergone at
      least one prior unsuccessful surgical resection; 23 had mediastinal adenomas. The
      success rate was 83% at 1 month after ablation and 71% at both 5 and 9 years.
      Ablation was successful in 85% of the patients in whom the catheter could be
      wedged into the artery feeding the adenoma. Long-term success was achieved in 89%
      of the patients in whom contrast enhancement persisted in the adenoma on computed
      tomographic scans obtained 24 hours later. Acute complications were seen only in
      patients with glands supplied by the inferior or superior thyroid arteries. Long
      term complications were limited to permanent hypocalcemia, present in 8% of
      patients. Even if unsuccessful for ablation, the procedure may provide
      localization and does not preclude surgical resection. It is recommended for most
      patients with persistent hyperparathyroidism and mediastinal adenomas, especially
      adenomas supplied by the internal thoracic artery.

PMID- 3685341
TI  - Subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy: brain stem findings with MR imaging.
AB  - Magnetic resonance images of 44 patients who had varying degrees of
      supratentorial signal abnormalities compatible with subcortical arteriosclerotic
      encephalopathy (SAE) were reviewed for posterior fossa findings. Brain stem
      lesions frequently accompanied supratentorial SAE and were seen as multiple,
      fairly symmetric areas of poorly defined, increased signal intensity on axial T2
      weighted images. Involvement was generally confined to the central portions of
      the mid and upper pons. The typical appearance of brain stem involvement by SAE
      and its probable pathogenesis are reviewed.

PMID- 3685342
TI  - Direct catheter redirection of a symptomatic errant intracranial Silastic sphere
      embolus.
AB  - A patient with an arteriovenous malformation experienced a severe neurologic
      deficit during preoperative particulate embolization with Silastic spheres.
      Angiography and radiography showed that one sphere had become lodged in a normal
      branch of the middle cerebral artery. After several unsuccessful attempts at
      dislodgment, a Tracker catheter system was advanced directly to the site of the
      sphere, and the sphere was successfully dislodged. The neurologic deficit cleared
      immediately, and the sphere was redirected to an artery feeding the malformation.

PMID- 3685343
TI  - Percutaneous cholecystography in children.
AB  - Percutaneous cholecystography was performed on 13 children who had biliary system
      abnormalities: two had biliary hypoplasia, five had sclerosing cholangitis, three
      had cirrhosis, two had distal choledochal obstruction, and one had an obstructed
      portoenterostomy. In 12 patients transcholecystic cholangiography showed, without
      significant complications, the intra-and extrahepatic bile ducts. In one patient
      with primary sclerosing cholangitis, the intrahepatic bile ducts were not
      opacified satisfactorily; dilatation of the gallbladder required surgical
      drainage. The transcholecystic technique is indicated when the intrahepatic bile
      ducts are either mildly dilated or not dilated.

PMID- 3685344
TI  - Hepatic and splenic injury in children: role of CT in the decision for
      laparotomy.
AB  - Clinical and radiographic records of 274 children who were examined with
      abdominal computed tomography (CT) after blunt abdominal trauma were
      retrospectively evaluated to test the hypothesis that CT can assist in decisions
      to perform laparotomy in children with hepatic or splenic injury. CT demonstrated
      parenchymal injuries in 36 patients (13%) or 20 livers and 21 spleens. Injury to
      these organs was categorized as minor (39%), moderate (39%), and severe (21%)
      according to an assessment of the percentage of parenchymal involvement.
      Hemoperitoneum was detected in 27 of 36 patients (75%). One of 13 (4.7%) with a
      moderate to large splenic injury underwent splenorrhaphy because of persistent
      bleeding. One of 12 (5%) with a moderate to large hepatic injury required late
      operative intervention due to a large necrotic segment. Both children had a large
      amount of peritoneal fluid. Two of 16 patients (13%) with moderate to large
      hemoperitoneum required surgery for liver or splenic injury. The decision for
      laparotomy should not be based on the extent of injury as shown at CT but on the
      physiologic condition of the child.

PMID- 3685345
TI  - Segmental intestinal muscular thinning: a possible cause of intestinal
      obstruction in the newborn.
AB  - Intestinal obstruction proximal to a transition zone without an interposed
      physical barrier usually indicates Hirschsprung disease. The authors report one
      case of focal small bowel muscular thinning just distal to a transition zone that
      produced clinical and radiographic findings that simulated long-segment
      Hirschsprung disease in a 2-day-old infant.

PMID- 3685346
TI  - Pediatric thoracic aorta: normal measurements determined with CT.
AB  - Normal thoracic aortic dimensions in adults have been established by means of
      computed tomography (CT), but such measurements are not available in children. To
      establish normal standards, contrast material-enhanced chest CT scans of 117
      children and adolescents, ranging in age from 2 weeks to 19 years, were reviewed
      retrospectively. Patients with congenital heart disease, vascular anomalies,
      renal disease, hypertension, and connective-tissue disorders were excluded,
      resulting in 97 studies. Diameters of the thoracic aortas were measured at three
      levels. Interobserver and intraobserver variances were determined. A direct
      linear relationship to patient age was observed, and regression analysis was
      performed. These standards help in differentiating the normal from the abnormal
      aorta on chest CT scans of children.

PMID- 3685347
TI  - Congenital abnormalities of the aortic arch: MR imaging.
AB  - Thirty-four patients, 1 month to 63 years old, with known or suspected congenital
      abnormalities of the aortic arch underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.
      Sixteen patients were studied retrospectively, 18 prospectively. In all
      retrospective studies, the aortic arch abnormality was seen with MR imaging. In
      the prospective studies, MR imaging enabled diagnosis in 15 of 18 (83%) patients.
      Twenty-nine of 34 patients underwent two-dimensional echocardiography; nine were
      studied retrospectively, 20 prospectively. In the prospective studies,
      echocardiography enabled diagnosis in 13 of 20 (65%) patients. Although two
      dimensional echocardiography has a high sensitivity in the detection of aortic
      arch abnormalities in the neonate, arch abnormalities in the neonate, its
      sensitivity is lower in older children, adults, and postoperative patients. The
      authors' experience shows that MR imaging is an important, noninvasive modality
      in the evaluation of older children, adults, and postoperative patients with
      congenital aortic arch abnormalities.

PMID- 3685348
TI  - Marfan syndrome: evaluation with MR imaging versus CT.
AB  - Twenty-five patients with Marfan syndrome underwent computed tomography (CT) and
      magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. MR images were interpreted in blinded fashion
      and then the results were compared with findings from CT scans. MR imaging was
      found to be equivalent to CT in the depiction of aortic, dural, and hip
      abnormalities in patients who had not undergone surgery. MR imaging was superior
      to CT in evaluation of postoperative patients because the artifact produced by
      Bjork-Shiley or St. Jude valves precludes adequate evaluation of the aortic root
      on CT scans, while producing only a small inferior field distortion, a "pseudo
      ventricular septal defect," on MR images. The absence of radiation exposure is
      another significant advantage for the relatively young Marfan syndrome
      population, who require serial studies. MR imaging is the modality of choice for
      evaluation and follow-up of patients with Marfan syndrome and offers an
      appropriate means of screening their kindred.

PMID- 3685349
TI  - Lumbar arterial injury: radiologic diagnosis and management.
AB  - Injury of the lumbar arteries is a cause of potentially life-threatening
      retroperitoneal hemorrhage. Twelve patients who sustained massive hemorrhage of
      the lumbar arteries associated with lumbar spinal fractures and/or pelvic
      fractures are described. Computed tomography (CT) was helpful by revealing a
      distinct separation of the lumbar hemorrhage from the hematomas associated with
      pelvic fracture. On arteriograms, stasis within lumbar extravasation was
      manifested as globular or streaky accumulations of contrast medium,
      pseudoaneurysms or diffuse "staining," or opacification of a fracture site.
      Multiple lumbar bleeding sites were seen frequently. Embolization with pledgets
      of absorbable gelatin sterile sponge controlled bleeding in ten patients.
      Abdominal aortography should be an essential part of the arteriographic
      evaluation of retroperitoneal hematomas associated with pelvic fractures,
      especially when there are lumbar fractures. Selective lumbar arteriography should
      be performed for confirmation when there is suspicion of lumbar artery injury on
      the basis of aortographic findings. Embolization with pledgets of surgical
      gelatin is effective in controlling hemorrhage from these injuries.

PMID- 3685350
TI  - Chronic portosystemic encephalopathy: embolization of portosystemic shunts.
AB  - Operative ligation of portosystemic shunts is effective in controlling chronic
      portosystemic encephalopathy (CPSE) but is associated with significant mortality.
      Review of the records of five patients with CPSE treated with radiologic
      occlusion procedures showed that these are suitable alternatives to surgery.
      Three patients had alcoholic cirrhosis, one had hepatic fibrosis from
      schistosomiasis, and one had post-necrotic cirrhosis. All had CPSE with
      progressive, severe cerebral impairment refractory to clinical treatment. Four
      patients had a spontaneous splenorenal shunt, and one had a surgically created
      mesocaval shunt (MCS). Partial splenic embolization was performed in two
      patients, direct shunt embolization was performed via percutaneous transhepatic
      portography in two other patients, and an MCS embolization was performed in one
      patient through the inferior vena cava. In four patients embolization controlled
      the CPSE. In the remaining patient it could not be evaluated because of his
      premature death from intraabdominal bleeding, a late complication of the
      procedure. Interventional radiologic procedures are effective in the control of
      CPSE in selected patients.

PMID- 3685352
TI  - Central lung masses: prediction with CT of need for pneumonectomy versus
      lobectomy.
AB  - To assess the possible role of computed tomography (CT) in predicting the need
      for pneumonectomy rather than lobectomy, the authors retrospectively analyzed the
      CT scans of 26 patients requiring pneumonectomy (n = 21) or lobectomy (n = 5) for
      resection of central pulmonary abnormality. Twenty-three patients had primary
      lung cancer, two had metastatic carcinoma, and one had a massive granuloma. Scans
      were evaluated for tumor involvement of bronchi and pulmonary arteries and veins
      and for evidence of tumor extension across a fissure. Findings were compared with
      detailed surgical and pathologic data. Pneumonectomy was necessary most commonly
      because of proximal bronchial tumor invasion (13 patients). CT showed poor
      sensitivity (50%-54%) in depicting central bronchial and central pulmonary artery
      involvement as well as transfissural tumor extent. The results suggest that CT is
      not highly accurate in predicting the lobectomy/pneumonectomy decision in
      patients with central lung masses.

PMID- 3685351
TI  - Disease activity in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: CT and pathologic correlation.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) scans were compared with pathologic determinants of
      disease activity in 12 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The theory
      was that intraalveolar and interstitial cellularity would result in areas of
      opacification of air spaces on CT scans. All patients underwent open lung biopsy,
      and disease activity was assessed with a pathologic grading system. Seven
      patients had mild disease activity, five had moderate to marked disease activity.
      Opacification of air spaces was patchy in distribution, predominantly peripheral,
      and seen better on 1.5-mm rather than 10-mm collimation scans. Disease activity
      on CT scans was graded independently from 0 to 3 based on the presence and
      relative density of the areas of air space consolidation compared with the
      surrounding parenchyma. The pathologic score was significantly greater in the
      patients with high CT scores than in those with low CT scores (P = .001). Five
      patients with marked disease activity and five of seven patients with mild
      disease activity were correctly identified. CT may be useful in the assessment of
      disease activity in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

PMID- 3685353
TI  - Percutaneous removal of thoracostomy tubes.
AB  - Percutaneous techniques have previously been applied to the removal of retained
      subcutaneous fragments of thoracentesis catheters. The authors report the removal
      of two thoracostomy tubes that were entirely retracted within the thoracic
      cavity. Removal was achieved by adapting methods used to perform percutaneous
      nephrolithotomy.

PMID- 3685354
TI  - Digital chest imaging: comparison of two film image digitizers with a
      classification task.
AB  - A classification test was used to compare the results of digitizing chest
      radiographs with a linear diode array camera and a laser scanner. The ability of
      B readers to classify a pneumoconiosis test set from original radiographs and the
      digitized images was compared. The classification of profusion was impaired when
      images were digitized with the diode array camera but not when they were
      digitized with the laser scanner. The impairment found with images digitized with
      the linear diode array camera was overcome with use of a zoom function at the
      display station. The size of areas of opacification was overestimated on images
      from both scanners. Variation between and within observers (kappa approximately
      equal to 0.6) was consistent over observers and over modalities.

PMID- 3685355
TI  - Rheumatoid arthritis: explanatory power of specific radiographic findings for
      patient clinical status.
AB  - Radiographs of the hands and wrists of 201 patients with rheumatoid arthritis
      (RA) were scored for erosion, joint space narrowing, and malalignment. The
      explanatory power of these findings for measures of clinical status was studied
      with stepwise multiple linear regression analyses. Radiographic scores explained
      59.2% of variation in physical joint count deformity scores, 58.5% of variation
      in limited motion scores, 22.5% of variation in grip strength scores, 20.5% of
      variation in button test scores, and 13.5% of variation for the American
      Rheumatism Association (ARA) Functional Class. Malalignment scores best explained
      variation in physical deformity, limited motion, and button test scores; joint
      space-narrowing scores best explained variation in grip strength; erosion scores
      best explained variation in ARA Functional Class. When age, duration of disease,
      erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and rheumatoid factor titer were included in the
      regression analyses, results were similar to those without these variables.
      Therefore quantitative scores of specific radiographic findings are in themselves
      explanatory for measures of clinical status.

PMID- 3685356
TI  - Complex fractures of the proximal humerus: role of CT in treatment.
AB  - The authors reviewed the computed tomography (CT) scans, plain radiographs, and
      subsequent treatment of 17 patients with complex proximal humeral fractures. CT
      scans and radiographs were compared in the demonstration of fracture lines,
      displacement of fracture fragments, rotation of fragments relative to their
      normal positions, and status of the head and articular surface of the humerus.
      The impact of CT findings on the decision to treat with surgery versus closed
      reduction and on the choice of surgical procedure was assessed. Surgery was not
      performed in nine patients because CT scans showed no significant displacement of
      fragments previously judged displaced or "indeterminate" on radiographs. Surgery
      was performed in eight patients; CT demonstrated significant abnormalities not
      definitely shown with radiography. In six of these eight patients, CT scans
      demonstrated unsuspected abnormalities that directed the choice of surgical
      procedure. CT scans provide clinically useful information for the treatment of
      complex proximal humeral fractures when radiographs provide inadequate or
      indefinite information.

PMID- 3685357
TI  - Normal brachial plexus: MR imaging.
AB  - Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the brachial plexus was performed in the
      axial, coronal, and sagittal planes in seven volunteers. Normal structures were
      delineated by comparison with axial and sagittal cadaver sections and with gross
      dissection. Differentiation of soft tissues with MR imaging enabled the brachial
      plexus to be defined from surrounding muscle and vascular structures. Multiplanar
      imaging demonstrated anatomic detail not previously demonstrated with other
      radiologic modalities and provided excellent delineation of the components of the
      brachial plexus from the ventral rami to the peripheral nerve branches.

PMID- 3685358
TI  - Proximal femoral focal deficiency: radiologic analysis of 49 cases.
AB  - Proximal femoral focal deficiency, an uncommon congenital anomaly, necessitates
      early radiologic classification for surgical planning and treatment. Objective
      radiographic criteria, including femoral length index, acetabular depth index,
      acetabular angle index, and shape of the proximal femur were determined in 49
      patients before cartilaginous ossification of the femoral capital epiphysis;
      final classification was based on follow-up radiographs or findings at
      arthrography or surgery. These parameters were analyzed to determine the accuracy
      and contributions of each in classification. Correct classification into one of
      three groups was possible in 86% of cases with use of three of the parameters:
      femoral length index, acetabular depth index, and shape of the proximal femur.
      The acetabular angle was found to contribute insignificantly to classification.
      Magnetic resonance imaging, used in only one case, depicted the nonossified
      cartilaginous femoral capital epiphysis, thus obviating the need for invasive
      diagnostic procedures and facilitating early classification.

PMID- 3685359
TI  - Osteochondritis dissecans: analysis of mechanical stability with radiography,
      scintigraphy, and MR imaging.
AB  - Twenty-one joints with stable (n = 9) or loose (n = 12) osteochondritis dissecans
      (OCD) lesions were examined in 15 subjects with plain radiography, three-phase
      bone scintigraphy, and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The lesion size and the
      thickness of the sclerotic margin as measured on plain radiographs were good
      parameters for predicting loosening. However, bone scintigraphy was more
      sensitive and specific in determining the mechanical stability of OCD lesions. MR
      imaging permitted direct visualization of loosening and fragment displacement;
      the latter permits differentiation of in situ loosening from a grossly unstable
      lesion. The noninvasive nature of bone scintigraphy and MR imaging makes them
      potentially preferable diagnostic modalities to arthrography for evaluating the
      mechanical status of OCD lesions.

PMID- 3685360
TI  - Disease activity in osteomyelitis: role of radiography.
AB  - To determine the impact of radiographic findings on the interpretation of bone
      and gallium scans of patients with active osteomyelitis, the authors reviewed the
      medical records and radiologic examinations of 104 patients. The only diagnostic
      finding of active disease on radiographs was the presence of a sequestrum (three
      patients). Other findings--such as erosion, soft-tissue swelling, and periosteal
      reaction--proved nonspecific and did not differentiate active from inactive
      disease. Furthermore, these findings did not significantly change the sensitivity
      or specificity of the bone and gallium scans, either in detecting or in excluding
      the presence of active disease.

PMID- 3685361
TI  - Hepatic metastasis detection: comparison of three CT contrast enhancement
      methods.
AB  - A prospective, blinded comparison of three methods of hepatic contrast
      enhancement in computed tomography (CT) was conducted in 15 patients with
      colorectal carcinoma metastatic to the liver. Arterial portography (AP-CT) was
      performed with injection of contrast material into the superior mesenteric artery
      during CT. Delayed scanning (DS-CT) was performed 4 hours after intravascular
      administration of contrast material (mean dose, 280 mL). CT with an ethiodized
      oil emulsion (EOE-CT) was performed 1 hour after slow intravenous infusion of the
      emulsion. All patients underwent laparotomy following imaging studies. A lesion
      by-lesion analysis of 56 metastases showed no significant differences in
      sensitivity (AP-CT, 77%; DS-CT, 83%; EOE-CT, 82%), but the false-positive rate
      for AP-CT was significantly higher than that for DS-CT (P less than .001) or EOE
      CT (P less than .01). False-positive rates for EOE-CT and DS-CT were not
      significantly different. The predictive value of a positive test was 63% for AP
      CT, 90% for DS-CT, and 81% for EOE-CT. AP-CT does not appear to be clinically
      useful for detection of hepatic metastases because of the high false-positive
      rate. No difference could be demonstrated between DS-CT and EOE-CT. DS-CT is a
      valuable method for hepatic contrast enhancement.

PMID- 3685362
TI  - Biliary lithotripsy with a mechanical lithotripter.
AB  - A simple device for easy and safe mechanical disintegration of hard and large (1
      2.5 cm in diameter) biliary calculi, the mechanical lithotripter, has been
      designed for use with a Dormia or similar type of basket. This device is capable
      of generating a steady increase in tension in the basket wires, which in turn
      breaks up the calculus. It may be introduced through a T-tube tract or by a
      percutaneous transhepatic approach. The lithotripter has been successfully tested
      in vitro with ten mixed gallstones obtained soon after cholecystectomy and has
      been successfully employed in six patients with biliary calculi, three with T
      tubes and three without. In the latter three patients, a percutaneous
      transhepatic biliary procedure was performed to enable introduction of the
      lithotripter. There were no complications.

PMID- 3685363
TI  - Normal and hydronephrotic kidney: evaluation of renal function with contrast
      enhanced MR imaging.
AB  - Four healthy volunteers and six patients with hydronephrosis underwent magnetic
      resonance (MR) imaging after the injection of gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepenta
      aceticacid for the assessment of renal function. Coronal angulated 10-second
      images were obtained during suspended respiration (inspiratory apnea) and showed
      excellent anatomic detail. In healthy volunteers, the renal cortex showed an
      increase in signal intensity after Gd-DTPA injection, and the renal medulla
      showed a precipitous decrease in intensity approximately 1 minute after
      injection, followed by a gradual increase in intensity. The renal pelvis showed a
      gradual decrease in intensity after several minutes, with occasional signal-void
      areas in adjacent structures. In patients with hydronephrosis, the decrease in
      intensity in the medulla and pelvis was not observed; instead, an increase in
      intensity occurred. The physiologic function of glomerular filtration and in
      vitro results of serial dilutions of Gd-DTPA suggest that the decrease in
      intensity is due to T2 and susceptibility effects occurring at high
      concentrations of Gd-DTPA.

PMID- 3685365
TI  - High-quality MR imaging with flexible transmission line resonators.
AB  - A novel type of surface coil suitable for human magnetic resonance (MR) imaging
      is described. The radio frequency receiving unit consists of a coaxial
      transmission line resonator (TLR). Its high filling factor and loaded Q-value of
      about 140 result in a high signal-to-noise ratio and thus a high-quality image.
      The coaxial Faraday shield eliminates di-electric losses and capacitive detuning
      of conductive samples. The stabilizing effect of the TLR makes it unnecessary to
      tune the coil between imaging of patients. The TLR can be immediately adapted to
      the individual body contours of a patient. Regions of the body traditionally
      difficult to image (e.g., throat) are easily examined due to the flexibility of
      the coaxial cables. These advantages coupled with ease of handling and shorter
      preparation time have made the TLR a proved tool that has been successfully used
      in many areas of diagnostic MR imaging.

PMID- 3685364
TI  - Accuracy of fetal echocardiography.
AB  - The reliability of prenatal ultrasound (US) for the detection of structural heart
      defects was investigated in a consecutive population of patients referred for
      prenatal US. Twenty-eight of 49 fetuses (57%) shown to have one or more heart
      defects with physical examination or autopsy were found to have congenital heart
      disease with prenatal US. There were 66 cardiac defects in 49 fetuses, 33 of
      which were entirely or partly identified (50%). Defects correctly diagnosed
      included hypoplasia of either ventricle, common atrioventricular canal, tetralogy
      of Fallot, transposition of the great vessels, and Ebstein anomaly. Defects
      rarely diagnosed correctly included semilunar valve stenosis, total anomalous
      pulmonary venous drainage, coarctation of the aorta, pulmonic atresia,
      atrioseptal defect, and ventricular septal defect. Many types of heart defects
      can be diagnosed accurately with prenatal US in a general population of patients
      not at high risk for congenital heart disease. Some lesions, however, were
      difficult to detect.

PMID- 3685366
TI  - Stress examination of the cruciate ligaments: a radiologic Lachman test.
AB  - A commercially available stress device is described for the radiographic
      examination of the anterior and posterior drawer in patients with suspected
      injury to the cruciate ligament. The radiologic Lachman test correlates well with
      its clinical counterpart and with arthroscopy. Its specific advantages are
      quantitative documentation of the test results and the selective testing of the
      anterior and posterior ligaments.

PMID- 3685367
TI  - New catheter for endovascular interventional procedures.
AB  - A new catheter suitable for selective angiography, embolization, and controlled
      infusion of chemotherapeutic agents is described. The catheter is made from a
      composite construction of polyethylene; it is graded in shaft thickness and outer
      diameter from a 2.7-F tip to a 3-F (1.0-mm) proximal section. Use of the catheter
      with a 0.018-inch or smaller steerable guide wire facilitates placement of the
      catheter in distal tortuous vessels. The catheter enabled successful completion
      of 20 of the 22 intracranial and extracranial intervention procedures (11
      patients) in which it was used.

PMID- 3685368
TI  - Pharmacologic treatment of contrast media reactions.

PMID- 3685369
TI  - Treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head.

PMID- 3685370
TI  - Hypotensive shock associated with bradycardia after intravenous injection of
      contrast medium.

PMID- 3685371
TI  - Benign gastric ulcers: diagnosis and follow-up with double-contrast radiography.

PMID- 3685372
TI  - Potential hazards from movable radiographic tables.

PMID- 3685373
TI  - New antiarrhythmic agents: mexiletine, tocainide, encainide, flecainide, and
      amiodarone.

PMID- 3685374
TI  - Topical minoxidil for hair loss.

PMID- 3685375
TI  - Res ipsa loquitur rejected: causation.

PMID- 3685376
TI  - Infant severely burned by heating pad. Case in point: Smelko by and through
      Smelko v. Brinton (740 P. 2d 591-KS).

PMID- 3685377
TI  - Spinal meningitis--cardiorespiratory arrest. Case in point: Drew v. Knowles (511
      So. 2d 393-FL).

PMID- 3685378
TI  - [Morphologic characteristics of plaques produced by the rubella virus in cultures
      of Vero cells].
AB  - Under defined plaquing condition, Gilschrist strain of rubella virus showed
      different plaque morphology and plaque size when tested in Vero cell cultures.
      These differences were obtained by changing the fetal bovine serum (FBS)
      concentration. With 2 per cent of FBS rubella virus formed clear plaques that
      included a number of cells which retained the stain, while with 4 per cent of FBS
      it formed ring-shaped plaques. These characteristics were retained even after the
      Gilschrist strain was passaged several times in Vero cell cultures. The
      cytopathic effect in Vero cell cultures proved to be useful for the titration of
      rubella virus, giving infective titres in the same logarithmic order than the
      plaque assay.

PMID- 3685379
TI  - [Origin and elimination of fibrous elements seen in CRL antirabies vaccine for
      human use].
AB  - The present work describes the discovery of an organoleptic alteration in some
      batchs of suckling mouse brain rabies vaccine for human use, produced in the
      Central Laboratory of Public Health of the Province of Buenos Aires. This
      alteration consists in the appearance of fibrous particles, light-white, slightly
      perceptible, suspended in the diluent. The production procedure is that of
      Fuenzalida and Palacios (4), with the modifications proposed by the Panamerican
      Zoonoses Center (Larghi and col.) (6), which include a refrigerated
      centrifugation of the viral suspension to 17,000 g during 10 minutes. This
      alteration caused 20% or more of dosis loss and a decrease in vaccine potency
      (2). In order to determine the origin of this alteration, we controlled the
      homogenization systems, the elements employed, the production of experimental
      batchs with diversity of isotonizators (dextrose-sucrose) and preservatives, the
      utilization of glass filters in the treatment of water, all drugs employed,
      variation of pH of diluent solutions, double centrifugation, the glass employed
      (ampoules, flasks), pumps of dispensation and wash systems (3) (5). We conclude
      that the alterations are produced by partial freezing of the infected brain
      suspension to 10% in water, during the last part of the centrifugation. Particles
      are formed by irreversible precipitation of a proteic nature (1) (7). It is
      recommended that during the production of this vaccine the temperature be
      maintained between 3 to 5 degrees C carefully avoiding freezing the brain
      suspension in distilled water.

PMID- 3685380
TI  - [In vitro bacteriostatic activity of piperacillin sodium against Pseudomonas].
AB  - One hundred and twenty-two strains of Pseudomonas isolated from diverse
      pathological processes were typified. In vitro activity of Piperacillin
      (antibiogram and MIC) was studied and compared with another two semisynthetic
      penicillins, Carbenicillin and Mezlocillin, and two aminoglycosides, Amikacin and
      Gentamicin. The strains isolated corresponded to: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (116),
      Pseudomonas cepacia (3), Pseudomonas fluorescens (1) and Pseudomonas putida (1).
      It was found that 110 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, one Pseudomonas cepacia and one
      Pseudomonas fluorescens were susceptible to Piperacillin. The susceptibility to
      this drug was quite higher than to the other penicillins tested. The MIC50 and
      MIC90 of Piperacillin were lower than those of semisynthetic penicillins and the
      minimum susceptibility value. In comparison with aminoglycosides it was found
      that, although Amikacin and Gentamicin did not reach the minimum value,
      Piperacillin exhibited higher MICs.

PMID- 3685381
TI  - [Formation and regeneration of protoplasts of a native strain of Clostridium
      acetobutylicum].
AB  - A procedure was optimized for the formation and regeneration of protoplasts in a
      Clostridium acetobutylicum strain isolated from cassava roots in Misiones,
      Argentina. The regeneration frequency was calculated as the ratio of regenerants
      (colony forming units on regeneration plates minus colony forming units from
      osmotically resistant cells) per initial cell number (colony forming units before
      protoplast formation). The percentage regeneration varied from 10 to 15%.

PMID- 3685382
TI  - [Production of ethanol by fermentation with a high concentration of yeasts. Its
      application in already installed distilleries].
AB  - Due to the dramatic increase in international oil prices, the ethanol production
      by fermentation is presently becoming an attractive and feasible project for many
      countries Argentina has implemented an experimental national program of ethanol
      use as fuel and the standard procedure of Melle-Boinot is currently employed in
      sugar cane molasses fermentation. The aim of this work was to improve the overall
      efficiency of the batch process by recycling high levels of yeast biomass. It was
      observed that the volumetric productivity increased with biomass concentration,
      whereas the specific productivity decreased. Both variations were not linear
      (Fig. 1). It was difficult to keep a yeast concentration higher than 3 x 10(8)
      cell/ml during batch fermentation assays. Anyhow the periodic subculturing of
      yeast biomass (every 13 recycling periods) proved to be an effective method to
      obtain a high cell density in the fermentation medium (Fig. 2). The industrial
      application of data reported here would not imply additional investment or
      equipment to distilleries using standard fermentation procedures.

PMID- 3685383
TI  - [Serologic survey of brucellosis in the personnel of an abattoir in San Luis,
      Argentina].
AB  - Blood samples obtained from 256 workers of an abattoir were tested for
      brucellosis antibodies and 11.7% were found reactive. The highest rate was 44.2%
      among those who had contact with blood and viscera, and 26.1% among workers at
      slaughter section. Four tests were used: plaque agglutination (PA), tube
      agglutination (TA), card test (CT) and complement fixation (CF). The highest
      number of positive reactions was obtained by the PA and TA tests, with a complete
      coincidence in both results. When both test titers were the same or less than 50
      IU, CF and CT yielded less percentage of positive results. When titers were
      higher than 50 IU, CT but CF showed concordance between the results.

PMID- 3685384
TI  - [Serologic prevalence of human leptospirosis in 2 different groups in the
      province of Formosa, Argentina].
AB  - Sera from two different human group from the Province of Formosa were checked for
      14 leptospira serovars, using Martin & Petti's microagglutination test with live
      antigens. In the first group, consisting of 605 males from the whole province,
      sampled during premilitary medical screening, 20 were found positive (3.3%). The
      predominant serovars were as follows: L. bratislava (50%), L. pomona (25%), L.
      butembo and L. icterohemorragica (20%), L. canicola (15%) and last L. wolffii
      (5%). In the second group, the sera were obtained from the local Central
      Hospital, and were taken from adults of both sexes, from a limited area of the
      province. With regard to Group I, there was a high number of positive (32.3%) and
      a variation in the frequency of serovars, the results being as follows: L.
      butembo (38.8%), L. pomona (33.3%), L. bratislava (31.4%), L. icterohemorragica
      (12.9%), L. borincana (3.7%) and finally L. canicola, L. pyrogenes, L. wolffii
      and L. bataviae (1.8%).

PMID- 3685385
TI  - [Fecal Streptococci in the waters of the Zaiman stream].
AB  - The investigation was focused on the occurrence of different species and
      biovarieties of fecal streptococci in Zaiman creek waters, the basin of which
      comprises important zones of Posadas, Misiones. The samples were collected from
      points near a meat-packing industrial establishment which pours its effluents in
      the above mentioned water course. So far, 18 sampling operations have been
      carried out in representative geographic locations. The methodology followed for
      detecting and characterizing the present species consisted in an enrichment
      procedure performed by incubating samples in Azida Dextrose broth at 35 degrees C
      during 24-48 h. Further streaks were made on KF Agar and Kanamycin Agar plates.
      The biochemical study of the colonies developed in Brain Heart Agar media was the
      one described in the American Water Standards (APHA and EPA). The isolation
      frequency of the different species of fecal streptococci is shown. (Table 2). The
      efficiency of both culture media KF Agar and Kanamycin Aesculin Azide Agar proved
      to be similar. (Table 1). The distribution of fecal streptococci by sampling
      points shows that the pollution comes not only from the pourings of effluents but
      also from the population settlement near the water course.

PMID- 3685386
TI  - [Bacterial fluctuations in the recreational waters of the Mar del Plata area].
AB  - In the period comprised between 1981 and 1983, a study was carried out in
      relation with the bacteriological quality of the sea water used for recreational
      purposes. Beaches are situated along 35 km of coast, including Mar Chiquita and
      Gral. Pueyrredon Departments. The principal pollution focus is the city of Mar
      del Plata which, like many other big cities, overturns its industrial, rainy and
      urban sewer liquids to the sea, with no previous treatment, in most of the cases.
      The effluent open sewer, situated in the north suburban district, drives into the
      sea the content of three maximum sewers that recollect domiciliary branches. To
      determine quali and quantitatively heterotrophic aerobic mesophilic,
      psicrophilic, marine and E. coli bacteria, water samples were taken at 0.30 m
      depth, behind the shoal, in each of the 17 determined stations (Figure 1), and an
      enumeration of colonies in agar plate was carried out in duplicate. E. coli was
      used as indicator of fecal contamination and served to establish the quality of
      the water used in bath and other recreational functions. The quantification was
      done by recounts in plates or membrane filter methods, in duplicate, with
      previous revivification. Serology of strains isolated from marine medium by
      polyvalent sera was done. Independently of the recount obtained, the distribution
      of serological groups was rather uniform along all the coast. Colony-forming
      units (CFU) did not exceed values of 240/100 ml, except in the beach situated at
      0.5 km of the effluent, which always gave values above those accepted
      internationally for bathing waters or other recreational uses (Figure
      2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3685387
TI  - [Proposal for microbiological criteria for the control of cheese spreads].
AB  - Eighteen lots of processed cheese and processed cheese spread were analyzed.
      Results obtained for the yeasts and molds count (RHL) and the total coliforms
      count (RCT) were 88.9% inferior to 100 per gram, in the 90 subsamples studied.
      The fecal coliforms count (RCF) and the S. aureus count were, respectively, 96.6%
      and 94.4% inferior to 10 per gram, for the same subsamples. Taking into account
      the format presented by the International Commission on Microbiological
      Specifications for Foods and the results of our survey, a three class plan is
      proposed for the following microbiological tests: RHL (n = 5, c = 2, m = 100, M =
      1000); RCT (n = 5, c = 2, m = 100, M = 1000); RCF (n = 5, c = 2, m = 10, M =
      100); and S. aureus count (n = 5, c = 1, m = 100, M = 1000). Therefore, applying
      these microbiological specifications, 4 lots (22.2%) would be rejected.

PMID- 3685388
TI  - [Aeromonas hydrophila in waters of Lake San Roque and its tributaries].
AB  - The presence of Aeromonas hydrophila in 72 samples of water of Lake San Roque and
      two rivers that flow into it, situated in Punilla Valley, Cordoba was
      investigated. Water-peptone Alkaline (enrichment medium) and Rippey Cabelli Agar
      without ampicillin (selective and differential medium for Aeromonas hydrophila)
      were used for isolation. The colonies obtained were assayed by oxidase test and
      subsequent oxidation-fermentation of Hugh Leifson, motility, urease, mannitol and
      trehalose fermentation, ornithine and lysine decarboxylation. Voges Proskauer and
      gas production from glucose and glycerol. Aeromonas hydrophila was isolated in
      13% of water samples obtained in days with high temperature. Although this
      finding is not alarming, its presence should be taken into account because of its
      potential pathogenesis.

PMID- 3685389
TI  - [Presence of antileptospira antibodies in ophidia in Argentina].
AB  - Sera obtained from 18 Bothrops alternatus and 2 Phylodrias burmeisteri were
      analyzed for the presence of antileptospiral antibodies using a microscopic
      agglutination test. Out of 18 Bothrops sera, 13 (72%) gave positive results.
      Snake serum reacted with patoc, andamana, wolffi, tarassovi, pomona, pyrogenes
      and shermani serovars. It can be concluded that Leptospiral antibodies are
      present in snake sera in Argentina, suggesting that the circulating antibodies
      may have an important role in the epizoothiology of the disease.

PMID- 3685390
TI  - [Plasmid content in strains of Azospirillum sp].
AB  - In this work, the plasmid content of 22 strains of A. brasilense and 7 of A.
      lipoferum, isolated from different regions of Argentina was analyzed. Of the
      several methods for the extraction of plasmids, a modification of that of Kado
      and Liu was found to be the most appropriate for the isolation of a larger number
      of high molecular weight plasmids. Out of 29 strains analyzed, 26 were found to
      contain between one and four plasmids, all of them of high molecular weight
      (Figure 3, Table 1); 44% of the plasmid-containing strains showed one large
      plasmid of similar electrophoretic mobility and of approximately 100 Mdal.

PMID- 3685392
TI  - [Identification of Streptococcus viridans in clinical specimens].
AB  - In a 4 year prospective study of "viridans" or non-groupable streptococci 100
      clinically significant strains were isolated. Strains were defined as significant
      when found in two or more samples of blood cultures, or when seen on Gram
      staining together with inflammatory reaction. Fifty-two strains were speciated by
      10 physiological characteristics. In 42 cases additional tests were performed.
      Only 16 isolates were unidentifiable by the techniques used. Sources of isolates
      included purulent lesions (53%) (mainly S. milleri and S. mitior); endocarditis
      (27%) (S. bovis I, S. sanguis, S. mutans, S. bovis II) and urinary tract
      infections (10%) (S. bovis II, S. milleri).

PMID- 3685391
TI  - [Optimizing conditions for the discontinuous production of unicellular protein
      using whey].
AB  - The cheese whey is one of the most important effluents which is being disposed
      off in our area. That is why the study for optimizing conditions in the process
      of recovering whey to produce protein biomass in a batch fermenter was
      undertaken. A yeast strain (Kluyveromyces marxianus var. lactis) was propagated
      on a medium based on whey from cheese making plants, the following conditions for
      cell development being optimized: temperature, pH and initial concentration of
      lactose. A methodology based on performing several tests ordered according to a
      "Latin Squares" structure was proposed; this enables the simultaneous study of
      three variables with a small number of experiences. Such experiences were
      performed in a cylindrical (air lift type) glass fermenter, obtaining a maximum
      yield (4.78 g/l by dry weight) when working with an initial lactose concentration
      equal to 4.8%. For all temperatures (27, 30 and 35 degrees C) and pH (3, 4 and 5)
      employed, an increase in the cell number occurred with the initial lactose
      concentration increasing from 2% to 4.8% (Table 2). It is preferable to work at
      27 degrees C and pH 4 (since these conditions minimize the bacterial
      contamination) and with a lactose concentration equal to 4.8%, i.e. the
      concentration in the residual cheese whey. Thus, an optimum yield in protein
      biomass is obtained, enabling a good utilization of this effluent, and also
      diminishing its initial BOD from 60,000 to 15,000 ppm.

PMID- 3685393
TI  - [Resistance to antibiotics in strains of Azospirillum sp].
AB  - A total of 32 strains of Azospirillum mainly isolated from rhizosphere of grasses
      and soils of Argentina were examined for susceptibility to 9 antimicrobial agents
      (trimethoprim, ampicillin, carbenicillin, streptomycin, spectinomycin,
      chloramphenicol, kanamycin, nalidixic acid and tetracycline). Many of the strains
      were sensitive to tetracycline, kanamycin, chloramphenicol and nalidixic acid,
      and resistant to ampicillin (more than 50 mg/l) and carbenicillin (more than 200
      mg/l). In spite of this general pattern, for most of the strains it was possible
      to obtain an antibiotype. Such antibiotype could be useful for identification of
      the strains in field experiments or in genetic transfer experiments.

PMID- 3685394
TI  - Prostaglandin-induced pregnancy termination: further studies using gemeprost
      (16,16 dimethyl-trans-delta 2-PGE1 methyl ester) vaginal pessaries in the early
      second trimester.
AB  - The use of gemeprost (16,16 dimethyl-trans-delta 2-PGE1 methyl ester) vaginal
      pessaries for the termination of pregnancy in the early second trimester has been
      further investigated. Of 113 women between 12 and 16 weeks gestation, 93 (82%)
      aborted within 24 hours of the administration of 4.4 +/- 0.1 1 mg gemeprost
      pessaries. The mean induction-abortion interval was 881 +/- 31 minutes.
      Successful abortion was achieved in 16 of the remaining 20 women after a second
      course of gemeprost pessaries without the need for oxytocin supplementation.
      There were no serious complications. Crampy abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding
      started after 275 and 756 minutes respectively. Twenty-two (19%) patients did not
      require pain relief during treatment, but 90 (80%) required parenteral opiates.
      Vomiting and diarrhoea occurred in 16 (14%) and 23 (20%) cases respectively. The
      safe induction of therapeutic abortion in 96% of women using vaginal
      prostaglandin alone offers an acceptable alternative to surgical evacuation in
      the early second trimester.

PMID- 3685395
TI  - Properties of the soluble arachidonic acid 15-lipoxygenase and 15-hydroperoxide
      isomerase from the oomycete Saprolegnia parasitica.
AB  - The soluble hydroperoxide isomerase and 15-lipoxygenase activities were partially
      purified from the oomycete Saprolegnia parasitica and some of their properties
      characterized. Both enzymes co-eluted with a molecular weight of 145,000-150,000
      on Sephacryl S-300 chromatography. The enzyme activities also co-eluted on DEAE
      Sephadex ion exchange chromatography and hydroxylapatite chromatography. Both
      activities showed similar responses to pH and temperature. Both enzymes showed
      parallel inhibition by p-hydroxymercuribenzoate and eicosatetraynoic acid. The
      partially purified hydroperoxide isomerase showed an apparent km of 166 microM
      and a Vmax of 5.3 mumol/min/mg protein for exogenous 15-HPETE. It was not
      stimulated by calcium. These results suggest that the soluble hydroperoxide
      isomerase and 15-lipoxygenase activities from S. parasitica are both contained on
      the same protein or protein complex.

PMID- 3685396
TI  - Hydrocortisone inhibits antigen-induced rise in intracellular free calcium
      concentration and abolishes leukotriene C4 production in leukemic basophils.
AB  - Antigenic stimulation of rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBL-3H3) elevates
      intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and induces production of
      leukotriene C4 (LTC4). This model was used to examine the role of Ca2+ in LTC4
      formation, and inhibition by hydrocortisone (HC). HC, at a physiological
      concentration (2 x 10(-7) M), selectively prevented the stimulatory effect of the
      antigen on LTC4 production whereas the response to calcium ionophore (A23187)
      remained unimpaired. The inhibition by HC was time-dependent: half maximal
      response was reached at 2 hour and maximal response at 3 hours. Addition of
      arachidonic acid (3 micrograms/ml) did not overcome the inhibitory action of HC.
      An elevated [Ca2+]i is known to be essential for the activation of both 5
      lipoxygenase and phospholipase A2. The stimulatory effect of the antigen on LTC4
      production was abolished when the cells were incubated in Ca2+-deficient medium.
      Likewise, calcium ionophore stimulation shows dependence on extracellular Ca2+.
      Half maximal stimulation by the antigen and calcium ionophore was observed at
      external Ca2+ concentration of 150 microM and 40 microM respectively. Treatment
      with HC largely prevented the antigen-induced rise in [Ca2+]i, measured by Quin
      2. In addition, HC reduced by 70% the accumulation of 45Ca2+ induced by the
      antigen. Collectively, these results demonstrate for the first time that HC
      reduces antigen-induced elevation of [Ca2+]i, and this may be associated with the
      inhibitory action of HC on LTC4 formation. This property could be partly
      responsible for the antiallergic and antiinflammatory activities of HC.

PMID- 3685398
TI  - Enterohepatic circulation of N-acetyl-leukotriene E4.
AB  - N-Acetyl-leukotriene E4, the end product of leukotriene C4 metabolism in the
      mercapturic acid pathway, was rapidly eliminated from the blood circulation into
      the bile of rats. Part of the N-acetyl-leukotriene E4 secreted from bile into the
      intestine underwent enterohepatic circulation. Leukotriene absorption occurred
      from the small intestine and from the colon. Biliary and urinary excretion within
      5.5 h amounted to 15 and 2%, respectively, of the intraduodenally administered N
      acetyl- 3H leukotriene E4 in animals anesthetized with ketamine. HPLC analyses
      indicated that 35% of the biliary radioactivity corresponded to unchanged N
      acetyl-3H leukotriene E4, while 65% in bile and 100% in urine were polar
      metabolites. Enterohepatic circulation extends the biological half-life of N
      acetyl-leukotriene E4.

PMID- 3685397
TI  - Cardiac and coronary consequences of intracoronary platelet activating factor
      infusion in the domestic pig.
AB  - In previous studies we have shown that platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a
      potent vasoactive substance with deleterious effects on coronary blood flow (CBF)
      and myocardial performance. The present study further investigates the effects of
      PAF during its sustained intracoronary infusion in the blood-perfused domestic
      pig (n = 16). PAF infusion (1-9 nmol/min) produced triphasic changes in CBF (n =
      7): an initial brief phase of coronary dilation (14 +/- 2% above baseline),
      followed by severe reduction in CBF due to increase in coronary vascular
      resistance and a third phase of escape that was characterized by return of CBF
      towards baseline in spite of continuing PAF infusion. In 9 remaining pigs PAF
      infusion had a biphasic response: the first phase of coronary dilation rapidly
      turned into severe coronary constriction accompanied by severe systemic
      hypotension and death within a few min. PAF infusion caused a profound rise in
      systemic arterial and coronary venous thromboxane B2 levels, while 6-keto-PGF1
      alpha and leukotriene C4-immunoreactivity levels were not changed. Indomethacin
      completely blocked the rise in thromboxane level during PAF infusion and
      abolished the constrictor effect of PAF on the coronary vessels. These data
      suggest that PAF might play a detrimental role on the coronary circulation and
      cardiac function, primarily through thromboxane A2 mediated mechanism.

PMID- 3685400
TI  - [Pathologic grief].

PMID- 3685399
TI  - The effects of danazol, mefenamic acid, norethisterone and a progesterone
      impregnated coil on endometrial prostaglandin concentrations in women with
      menorrhagia.
AB  - The effects of four medical treatments have been assessed on menstrual blood loss
      (MBL) and endometrial prostaglandin (PG) concentrations in 30 women with
      objectively confirmed menorrhagia. Patients were randomly treated with danazol,
      200 mg daily (n = 6), mefenamic acid, 500 mg three times daily during menses (n =
      8), norethisterone, 5 mg twice daily from day 15-25 of the cycle (n = 8) or a
      progesterone-impregnated coil releasing 65 micrograms progesterone daily (n = 8).
      Endometrial biopsies were obtained in the mid-luteal phase before and after
      treatment in 23 cases, and assayed for PG content using radioimmunoassay.
      Treatment with norethisterone had no effect on either MBL or the concentration of
      PGs in the endometrium. MBL was significantly reduced after treatment with
      mefenamic acid (P = 0.05, n = 6) and the progesterone coil (P less than 0.05, n =
      6), and was reduced in each of 4 cases treated with danazol in whom endometrial
      biopsies were available. Although there was no consistent change in endometrial
      PG concentrations in either the mefenamic acid or danazol groups, the lower MBL
      after insertion of the progesterone coil was associated with a reduced
      endometrial content of PGE, PGF2 alpha and "total" PG (6oxo PGF1 alpha + PGE +
      PGF2 alpha)-P = 0.05. Whereas the cyclooxygenase inhibitor mefenamic acid is
      likely to exert its effect on endometrial PGs at the time of menstruation itself,
      the continuous administration of progesterone throughout the menstrual cycle
      could result in both an impairment in estrogen receptor generation leading to
      reduced estrogen-mediated cyclooxygenase activity, and an increase in endometrial
      PG metabolism.

PMID- 3685401
TI  - [The physician, the factitious patient and his body. A psychoanalytic study of
      the mimicry phenomenon].

PMID- 3685402
TI  - [Psychoanalytic understanding in the sociotherapeutic setting. A model project
      with prisoners].

PMID- 3685404
TI  - [The surprised patient. On Thea Bauriedl's concept of relationship analysis].

PMID- 3685403
TI  - [Elias Canetti's "Blinding". Presentation of a necrophilic scholar].

PMID- 3685405
TI  - [A fairy tale about a transitional object].

PMID- 3685406
TI  - [Joy and grief in French psychoanalysis].

PMID- 3685407
TI  - [Theory in crisis].

PMID- 3685408
TI  - [Farewell to Freud's interpretation of dreams].

PMID- 3685409
TI  - [Trauma or drive--drive and trauma. Lessons from Sigmund Freud's phylogenetic
      fantasy 1915].

PMID- 3685410
TI  - [Psychoanalysis and female psychoanalysts].

PMID- 3685412
TI  - Illness behavior--I. Psychological, social and cultural aspects of illness
      behavior.

PMID- 3685411
TI  - [Significance of the concept of birth anxiety in the history of psychoanalysis].

PMID- 3685413
TI  - Images of illness: a model of patients' psychological reactions to physical
      illness.

PMID- 3685414
TI  - The ethology of abnormal illness behaviour.

PMID- 3685415
TI  - Agency and structure in the sociology of sickness.

PMID- 3685417
TI  - Scent of the Reef's baby: Arnhem Land concept of illness.

PMID- 3685416
TI  - Suffering on the fringe: aboriginal help seeking in an urban environment.

PMID- 3685418
TI  - Voodoo death in Australian aborigines.

PMID- 3685419
TI  - Heads and hearts: a preliminary account of the bodily presentation of distress in
      Botswana.

PMID- 3685420
TI  - Social networks of high attenders at a low income area suburban general practice.

PMID- 3685421
TI  - Abnormal illness behaviour as a required family role.

PMID- 3685422
TI  - Authority conflicts, non-compliance and cerebrovascular complications in male
      hypertensive patients.

PMID- 3685423
TI  - The determinants of illness behaviour in stroke patients.

PMID- 3685424
TI  - Patterns of illness behavior following heart attack.

PMID- 3685426
TI  - Illness behavior--II. Clinical aspects of illness behavior.

PMID- 3685425
TI  - Illness behaviour and schizophrenia.

PMID- 3685427
TI  - Abnormal illness behaviour.

PMID- 3685428
TI  - Abnormal treatment behaviour--the other side of the coin.

PMID- 3685429
TI  - [Symposium "Lipids and lipoproteins in atherosclerosis"].

PMID- 3685430
TI  - [Lipids in the etiopathogenesis of arteriosclerosis. Better ideas based on old
      knowledge].

PMID- 3685431
TI  - [Lipid metabolism disorders and the risk and prevention of ischemic heart
      disease].

PMID- 3685432
TI  - [Nutrition and hyperlipoproteinemia as a risk factor of ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 3685433
TI  - [Apolipoproteins and lipoprotein metabolism].

PMID- 3685434
TI  - New aspects of turnover of endogenous and exogenous triglycerides.

PMID- 3685435
TI  - Hepatic lipoprotein metabolism.

PMID- 3685436
TI  - [Plasma lipoproteins and coronary arteriosclerosis].

PMID- 3685437
TI  - [Effect of ethyl alcohol on the metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins].

PMID- 3685438
TI  - [Lipid disorders in critically ill patients].

PMID- 3685439
TI  - [Effect of treatment on lipoprotein metabolism. I. Why and when to treat?].

PMID- 3685440
TI  - [Effect of treatment on lipoprotein metabolism. II. How to treat?].

PMID- 3685441
TI  - [Moderate doses of prednisone in the treatment of idiopathic membranous
      glomerulonephritis with nephrotic proteinuria].

PMID- 3685442
TI  - [Self image and anxiety structure of patients with chronic active pulmonary
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 3685443
TI  - [Cytomorphological, cytochemical and functional characteristics of cells from
      peritoneal dialysates of patients with terminal renal failure treated by
      intermittent peritoneal dialysis. II. Morphological characteristics of the cells
      from peritoneal fluids].

PMID- 3685444
TI  - [Wrong diagnosis of a patient's death (expert testimony and deontological
      reflections)].

PMID- 3685445
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of oliguria and anuria].

PMID- 3685446
TI  - [Diagnosis of primary arterial hypertension in its early phases].

PMID- 3685447
TI  - Reference volume, milligram-hours and external irradiation for the Fletcher
      applicator.
AB  - The ICRU Report 38 recommends the use of reference point doses and reference
      volumes for the reporting of intracavitary gynecologic therapy. The reference
      volume enclosed by the 60 Gy isodose for intracavitary therapy alone (which can
      be represented by hwt) and for combined external and intracavitary therapy (HWT)
      has no conceptual counterpart in the standard intracavitary systems. We report
      the relationship of the reference volumes (hwt and HWT) to milligram-hours (mgh)
      radium equivalent and to dose of external irradiation (XRT) for the Fletcher
      system. HWT and hwt are directly proportional to mgh, the proportionality
      constant depending on XRT but not appreciably on moderate changes in source
      geometry. HWT increases slowly with increasing XRT to about 30 Gy, then increases
      dramatically with even small increases in XRT. The reasons for this behavior and
      the possible clinical significance are discussed.

PMID- 3685448
TI  - Concurrent daily cisplatin and radiotherapy in locally advanced squamous
      carcinoma of the head-and-neck and bronchus.
AB  - In order to exploit the cytotoxic and radiosensitising actions of cis-platinum,
      we have treated 35 patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the
      bronchus or head-and-neck. Each patient underwent radical irradiation (60 Gy/30
      fractions over 6 weeks) with daily low-dose intravenous cisplatin (10 mg absolute
      dose per day) administered within 30 min of each daily radiation fraction. Total
      dose of cisplatin was 300 mg over 6 weeks. Although treatment was complicated by
      nausea in almost all patients and transient renal dysfunction in the majority, 27
      patients completed treatment and renal function returned to normal or near normal
      in almost all cases. There was no obvious enhancement of pulmonary or skin
      toxicity, beyond what would have been expected from treatment with radical
      radiotherapy alone. There were two treatment-related deaths from renal failure.
      The response rate was high: all patients achieved at least a partial response,
      and in head-and-neck sites, there were nine complete responders and seven partial
      responders. Of the initial 35 patients, of whom all but two had advanced
      inoperable disease, 11 have died and 21 remain in continuous remission, 8-120
      weeks from the start of treatment (median 55 weeks).

PMID- 3685449
TI  - Effects of irradiation on human platelets stored at 20 degrees C.
AB  - The morphologic and functional properties of platelets after irradiation with
      2500 rads and storage, in first-generation containers, for 48 h in a liquid phase
      at 20 degrees C with continuous horizontal agitation have been analyzed and
      compared with a control group of the same platelets which were not irradiated.
      The preservation technique induced changes in the morphology and aggregation
      stimulated by ADP and collagen. However, no significant differences were found
      between the irradiated and non-irradiated groups. Irradiation is not a
      conditioning factor to add to the hazards of preserving platelets in a liquid
      phase.

PMID- 3685450
TI  - Pulmonary toxicity of a combination of low-dose doxorubicin and irradiation for
      inoperable lung cancer.
AB  - In 1980, 27 patients with inoperable lung cancer (26 non-oat cell, one oat cell)
      were treated by split-course irradiation (40 Gy/10 fractions) plus concomitant
      low-dose chemotherapy (doxorubicin 10 mg/m2). Twenty-four of the 27 patients
      received the entire treatment course. Fifteen of the 27 patients were
      administered various chemotherapy protocols after a period of one month. Median
      survival was 16 weeks despite a 60% response rate. The lungs were the main site
      of complications (13 cases of radiation pneumonitis for the 24 patients), which
      occurred primarily when an objective response was obtained. These complications
      partially explain the poor results. Injection of doxorubicin during irradiation
      appears to have been a determining factor.

PMID- 3685451
TI  - Quality assurance control in the EORTC cooperative group of radiotherapy. 3.
      Intercomparison in an anatomical phantom.
AB  - Two papers concerning the quality control study organised by the EORTC (European
      Organisation for Research on Treatment of Cancer) Cooperative Group on
      Radiotherapy have been published. The medical profile (part 1) and the dosimetric
      intercomparison (part 2) of the participating institutions were presented. This
      part (paper 3) presents an integrated clinical and dosimetric investigation in an
      anatomical phantom. A tonsillar tumour and a homolateral subdigastric node were
      marked in an anatomical phantom. The institutions were asked to treat the phantom
      once like an ordinary patient. The phantom was loaded with dosimeters and
      irradiated. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that we did not find
      any major dosimetric problem related to absorbed dose calibration or calculation
      in the phantom. However, several major problems were related to non-optimal
      planning, treatment technique and dose distribution. The investigation shows the
      importance of a quality assurance programme for cooperative groups.

PMID- 3685452
TI  - Combined interstitial 125I and external X-irradiation on a rat rhabdomyosarcoma.
AB  - The effect of graded external radiation doses and a dose administered by an
      implanted 125I seed on growth delay and cure rate of a rat rhabdomyosarcoma was
      investigated. One 125I seed (0.40 or 0.50 mCi) was implanted per tumour when the
      tumours had grown to a predetermined size. The irradiation by the 125I seed did
      not cause significant tumour growth delay. When implantation of an 125I seed was
      combined with graded external radiation doses, the growth delay observed after
      these combined regimens was significantly greater than that observed after
      treatment with external doses alone. The same was observed for tumour cure rates.
      The effectiveness of the 125I seed could be assessed as being equivalent to a
      single dose of external radiation of about 6-20 Gy, depending on the external
      dose applied. The application of 125I seeds combined with external irradiation to
      obtain local control might be recommended in those cases where the total dose of
      external radiation alone is limited by normal tissue reactions.

PMID- 3685453
TI  - Recombinant DNA research; proposed actions under guidelines. National Institutes
      of Health.
AB  - This notice sets forth proposed actions to be taken under the National Institutes
      of Health (NIH) Guidelines for Research Involving Recombinant DNA Molecules.
      Interested parties are invited to submit comments concerning these proposals.
      These proposals will be considered by the Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee
      (RAC) at its meeting on September 21, 1987. After consideration of these
      proposals and comments by the RAC, the Director of the National Institutes of
      Health will issue a decision on these proposals in accord with the NIH
      Guidelines.

PMID- 3685454
TI  - Antipyresis due to centrally administered vasopressin differentially alters
      thermoregulatory effectors depending on the ambient temperature.
AB  - The intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of arginine vasopressin
      (AVP), in the febrile rat elicits an antipyresis at cold, warm and neutral
      ambient temperatures. These experiments were conducted, therefore, to elucidate
      the thermoregulatory effector mechanisms responsible for this antipyretic effect.
      At 25 degrees C, AVP-induced antipyresis was mediated by tail skin vasodilation
      while metabolic rate was unaffected. At 4 degrees C, the antipyresis produced by
      AVP was approximately double that seen at 25 degrees C. This effect appeared to
      be mediated exclusively by inhibition of heat production since the metabolic rate
      decreased markedly following AVP. This antipyresis at 4 degrees C was accompanied
      by cutaneous vasoconstriction. At 32 degrees C, neither vasomotor tone, metabolic
      rate nor evaporative heat loss could be shown to contribute to the small
      antipyretic effect elicited by AVP. We conclude from these data that i.c.v. AVP
      is producing antipyresis by affecting the febrile body temperature set-point
      mechanism since the thermoregulatory strategy to lose heat varies at different
      ambient temperatures and the decrease in body temperature cannot be shown to be
      due to changes in a single effector mechanism.

PMID- 3685455
TI  - Evidence for precursors of calcitonin/PDN 21 in human milk.
AB  - Large amounts of immunoreactive PDN-21 (iPDN -21) were found in human milk in
      concentrations similar to those of immunoreactive calcitonin (iCT): 187 +/- 73 pM
      (mean +/- S.D.) vs 210 +/- 83 pM. (n = 17). Calcitonin (CT) was immunoextracted
      from milk by means of CT antibodies coupled to Sepharose 4B, and the extracts
      were gel-chromatographed on Sephadex G-75 after treatment with 6 M guanidine HCl.
      iCT and iPDN-21 in the fractions were determined with radioimmunoassay. The main
      part of iCT eluted as high molecular weight forms and these fractions also
      contained iPDN-21. Enzymatic cleavage of immunoextracted milk CT by trypsin
      demonstrated that iPDN-21 could be split apart from the high molecular weight
      forms and be recovered at the position of synthetic human PDN-21 on gel
      chromatography. iCT was eluted in the region of monomeric CT and as larger forms.
      Since PDN-21 constitutes the carboxyterminal of preprocalcitonin, our results
      indicate that human milk contains precursors of calcitonin.

PMID- 3685456
TI  - VIP release from enteric nerves is independent of extracellular calcium.
AB  - The release of endogenous vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) from enteric
      nerves of isolated rat ileum and the role of extracellular calcium on the release
      mechanism have been investigated. Evaluation of simultaneous release of
      endogenous acetylcholine (ACh) and adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) from enteric
      nerves was used to establish the reliability of the technique. Electrical field
      stimulation of the ileal preparation induced an increase in the release of
      endogenous ACh, ATP and VIP. The evoked, but not the basal, release of these
      substances was blocked by tetrodotoxin (TTX), indicating that the release was a
      result of nerve stimulation. However, while increase in release of ACh and ATP
      during nerve stimulation was suppressed in Ca2+-free medium and by the addition
      of the Ca2+ channel blocker cadmium, nerve-mediated VIP release was unaffected.
      Further, while K+-depolarization induced release of ACh and ATP from the ileal
      preparations, it did not lead to an increase in the release of VIP. These results
      demonstrate that, unlike ACh and ATP release, release of endogenous VIP from
      enteric nerves is independent of extracellular calcium. The implications of these
      results in terms of the mechanism of transmitter release in the gastrointestinal
      tract are discussed.

PMID- 3685457
TI  - Autoradiography of alpha- and beta-emitters using a charged-particle imaging
      system.
AB  - A newly developed charged-particle imaging system was applied to rapid
      measurements of the distribution of alpha- and beta-emitters. The imaging system
      consists of a ZnS(Ag) screen, two tapered fibers, an image intensifier, and a
      Polaroid film. The image obtained with the system shows very good quality,
      namely, a spatial resolution of more than 6 line pairs (lp)/mm and a distortion
      of less than 2.5%. As the system is capable of detecting each alpha-particle
      separately, the distribution of alpha-emitters can be quantitatively determined.
      The autoradiograms of the sections of mice with beta-emitters administered can be
      obtained with an exposure time of only 2 min compared with 2 weeks by a
      conventional technique.

PMID- 3685459
TI  - The toxicology jungle.

PMID- 3685458
TI  - Preparation of highly concentrated super-hot [gamma-32P]ATP using small-scale ion
      exchange chromatography.
AB  - In order to obtain a highly concentrated, pure and super-hot [gamma-32P]ATP, we
      improved the purification method of super-hot [gamma-32P]ATP which was
      synthesized by the method of Johnson and Walseth (1979). The super-hot [gamma
      32P]ATP was synthesized in a relatively large volume (2 ml) of reaction mixture
      and purified using semi-micro scale anion exchange chromatography (Dowex 1 X 2,
      60-70 microliters column volume). In combination with washing the reaction
      product with certain organic solvents, this chromatography technique makes it
      possible to obtain a highly concentrated and pure super-hot [gamma-32P]ATP
      (approx. 7,000 Ci/mmol; 20-30 mCi/ml) from [32P]Pi of any commercial source in a
      good yield.

PMID- 3685460
TI  - Chemical toxicity, cytochrome P-450, and computer graphics.

PMID- 3685461
TI  - A statistical approach to the prediction of the possible presence of pollutant
      chemicals in the environment.
AB  - In the present study, trials were performed to examine the applicability of
      Hayashi's theory of quantification (second type) to prediction of the possible
      presence (i.e., detection) or absence (nondetection) of a given chemical in the
      environment. The dependent variables employed were the results of a nationwide
      environmental monitoring on pollutant chemicals conducted by the Environment
      Agency of Japan. When 102 chemicals were analyzed utilizing five factors as
      independent variables--annual production, use pattern, n-octanol/water partition
      coefficient (Po/w), water solubility, and biodegradability--it was found that
      production, use pattern, and Po/w are the major contributing factors in the
      prediction. Further studies with 186 chemicals utilizing these three factors as
      the independent variables showed that, through the combined evaluation of the
      results of analyses with three pairs out of the three variables, the absence of a
      chemical in the environment at an analytically meaningful level can be predicted
      with a success rate of 94.4%. The rate for the presence was 76.4%.

PMID- 3685462
TI  - [CT study of the carpal tunnel. Normal anatomy].
AB  - The standard technique for CT investigation of the carpal tunnel and its normal
      anatomy were studied. Ten healthy asymptomatic volunteers, age 25-45, underwent
      wrist CT. The hand is placed in prone position with the third metacarpus in line
      with the radius. Digital radiograph and four axial CT scans are performed
      respectively: at the distal end of the radius, at the scaphoid tubercle level, at
      the hamate hook level and at the carpal-metacarpal joint. Standard carpal tunnel
      diameters are thus available with good reliability and repeatability when correct
      technique is adopted. The results permit a morphological description of the
      osseous walls, transverse ligament, flexor tendons with synovial sheets and
      median nerve. Gujon's canal and its content can also be investigated.

PMID- 3685463
TI  - [Value and limitations of computerized tomography in the study of benign tumors
      of the bone].
AB  - In order to stress the role of CT in the evaluation of benign tumors of the bone
      the authors studied by means of a high-resolution CT scanner 74 patients that
      later underwent surgery (70 cases) and histological examination (all cases). CT
      findings were compared with the surgical and histological data. The results prove
      that the diagnostic contributions of CT are less important in the evaluation of
      benign than in malignant bone tumors. The major contributions of CT were:--the
      capability of detecting the presence of osteoid osteoma not found by means of
      conventional radiographic techniques;--differentiation between benign
      osteochondroma and peripheral chondrosarcoma by measurement of the peripheral
      cartilaginous cap: this criterion, on the other hand, does not seem to be always
      reliable and useful;--differential diagnosis of different types of cystic and
      fibrocystic diseases (simple and aneurysmal bone cyst, fibrous dysplasia);-
      evaluation of soft-tissue tumoral masses and of their extra-osseus extent in
      giant cell tumor and chondroblastoma; this allows us to establish the real
      extension of the tumor and to plan surgery more accurately.

PMID- 3685464
TI  - [Radiological changes in the nasal and paranasal cavities of patients having
      undergone laryngectomy].
AB  - A greater incidence of nasal sinus lesions is revealed in patients operated for
      laryngectomy than in healthy subjects. The radiographs of the paranasal sinuses
      of 49 patients laryngectomized for laryngeal cancer and 71 smokers, over 40, were
      compared. Thirty-six (73.5%) of the operated patients showed a reduction in the
      lucency of the sinuses (opacities, sinusitis, mucocele) and 21 (42.9%) inferior
      concha hypertrophy. In the control group 23 (32.4%) and 12 (16.9%) cases had the
      same lesions. Chi2 statistical analysis was performed on both groups. The results
      show a significant increase in lesions of the nasal sinuses in the group of
      operated patients. The reduction in the air flow through the nose and the sinus
      cavities during breathing seems to be the pathogenic mechanism responsible for
      such findings.

PMID- 3685466
TI  - [Reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome. Contribution of magnetic resonance].
AB  - An attempt was made to establish Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) diagnostic
      criteria for the study of the reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome (RSDS). Five
      patients with hip and knee pain were studied. The radiographic pattern was
      "positive" only in two patients, while radionuclide studies showed increased
      activity in the painful joint in all; only in three cases Computed Tomography was
      performed. In all patients MRI demonstrates the lesions and defines their
      extension. MRI allows a differential diagnosis between RSDS and other bone
      lesions such as osteonecrosis and tumors. The relation between
      anatomopathological findings of RSDS and MRI features is discussed. MRI proved to
      be a reliable technique in showing and characterizing RSDS better than
      radiographic examination (often "negative" in early phases), and radionuclide
      study (a sensitive but not specific technique).

PMID- 3685465
TI  - [Idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis].
AB  - Four cases (3 males and 1 female) of idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis, a rare
      form of bone demineralization, are described. The pathogenesis is unknown. The
      males showed osteoporosis at X-ray while in the female osteoporosis was only
      identified by computerized bone densitometry. The age of onset of the disease is
      perpuberal, but in one case it appeared in a small child. Biochemical data were
      in the normal range, only 1.25 (OH) 2D was reduced in two patients.

PMID- 3685467
TI  - [Radioisotope evaluation of splenic hemocatheretic activity in a group of
      thalassemic patients after embolization].
AB  - Seven patients with thalassemia major underwent splenic embolization in order to
      assess splenic mass and function before and after treatment. Red blood cells,
      marked "in vitro" and chemically denatured with BMHP were also used to assess the
      blood parameters related to splenic function i.e. pretransfusional haemoglobin
      (Nb) and mean blood consumption (BC). The results show a statistically
      significant difference (p less than 0.01) for Hb and erythrocyte clearance before
      and after embolization. Before embolization no statistically significant
      correlations were found between the parameters examined, whereas after
      embolization there was a linear correlation at the limit of significance between
      BC and clearance half-time. The radionuclide method is proposed as safe and
      reproducible. Unlike blood chemical tests it also provides immediate information
      on the effects of embolization and a reliable parameter for follow-up.

PMID- 3685468
TI  - [Radiological diagnosis of constipation and anal incontinence caused by changes
      in the pelvic floor and anal sphincter. Our experience with 38 patients with
      constipation with or without incontinence].
AB  - Rectal constipation, anal incontinence and constipation combined with
      incontinence, are often caused by organic or simply functional changes in the
      pelvic floor and sphincteric apparatus. Therefore morphological as well as
      manometric and electromyographic studies of these anatomical parts are required.
      This is possible by combining two techniques: Intestinal Transit Time (ITT) and
      Defecatory Proctogram with Balloon (DPB). Personal experience of 38 patients with
      constipation with or without incontinence is reported. The results lead to the
      following conclusions: 1) ITT is a simple and non-invasive radiological technique
      that provides us with objective evidence of an impairment, i.e. constipation,
      whose symptoms are often only subjective; especially it allows us to identify
      rectal constipation, that can be caused by impairment of the anal sphincteric
      apparatus. 2) Using an uroprophylactic with a collar that adapts to the size of
      the anal duct, DPB always permits visualisation of the duct with good
      representation of the recto-anal angle, whose changes may be the expression of
      organic or only functional impairments of the anal sphincteric apparatus.
      Increasing use of the two radiological techniques is therefore recommended in the
      diagnosis of alterations of the pelvic floor or anal sphincter.

PMID- 3685469
TI  - [CT after myelography in complete spinal cord blocks].
AB  - In each patient (two meningiomas, two lymphomas, one spine fracture) myelography
      demonstrated only the lower level of the block, but not enough contrast medium
      leaked past the block to allow myelographic identification of the upper level. On
      the contrary, thanks to its high power of contrast resolution, CT immediately
      after myelography clearly outlined the subarachnoid space both below and above
      the level of the block. Descending myelography was therefore not necessary.
      Moreover, CT also revealed associated bone and soft tissue lesions, in two cases,
      providing a more accurate diagnosis. It is therefore concluded that combined
      myelography+CT can provide complete diagnosis of spinal blocks and any associated
      lesions.

PMID- 3685470
TI  - Primary cardiac tumours. Three cases in pediatric patients.

PMID- 3685471
TI  - [Proximal tibioperoneal involvement in ankylosing spondylitis].

PMID- 3685472
TI  - [Nephrotic syndrome, thrombosis of the renal veins and pulmonary embolism.
      Computerized tomographic diagnosis].

PMID- 3685473
TI  - [Ureteral obstruction. Urographic documentation of 5 cases of urate obstruction].

PMID- 3685474
TI  - [Lipoma and angiomyolipoma of the liver. Description of 2 cases].

PMID- 3685475
TI  - [Effect of dihydroergotamine (DHE) on blood volume and circulation in the calf in
      peridural anesthesia in the human].
AB  - Dihydroergotamine (DHE) preferentially constricts capacitance vessels in the skin
      and striated musculature, thereby redistributing blood in favor of the pulmonary
      vascular bed in the presence of neurogenic vascular tone. The aim of this study
      was to see if DHE would act likewise when neurogenic vascular tone is absent.
      Filling and blood flow of the calves were measured plethysmographically in six
      healthy, supine male volunteers before and during peridural anesthesia (PDA) to
      the level of at least T5 and, in the denervated state, after the injection of DHE
      7.5 micrograms/kg intravenously. Arterial blood pressure, central venous pressure
      (CVP), and heart rate were also determined. Both blood flow (+2.2 ml/min per 100
      ml tissue) and volume (+1 ml/100 ml tissue) of the calves increased while CVP and
      systolic arterial pressure decreased during PDA (Table 1). DHE did not affect the
      PDA-included increase in blood flow, but strongly reduced calf volume (-1.7
      ml/100 ml tissue). This was accompanied by an increase in CVP and systolic blood
      pressure (Fig. 1). In the absence much as in the presence of neurogenic vascular
      tone, DHE preferentially constricts capacitance but not resistance vessels. Thus,
      DHE counteracts the vascular effects of PDA, as it improves cardiac filling and
      consequently raises arterial blood pressure by redistributing blood from the
      dilated capacitance vessels without curtailing blood flow. It would appear,
      therefore, that DHE is a rational alternative to fluid therapy for the
      prophylaxis of arterial hypotension during major conduction anesthesia.

PMID- 3685477
TI  - The influence of renal functional changes on the intrarenal distribution and
      urinary kinetics of amdinocillin.
AB  - The maintenance of effective therapeutic concentrations of antibiotics within the
      renal parenchyma is an important issue in the management of acute and chronic
      pyelonephritis. Available clinical data indicate that an important clinical
      therapeutic correlation exists between the physiologic state of the kidney and
      the antibiotic concentrations that can be achieved in the medulla and papilla.
      Using a healthy canine model, we evaluated the influence of hydration and the
      state of acid-base balance upon the intrarenal distribution and urinary clearance
      of the semisynthetic penicillin amdinocillin. Renal physiologic activity
      significantly modulates the intrarenal distribution pattern of this compound.
      During the production of maximally acid and concentrated urine, the highest renal
      parenchyma levels of amdinocillin are achieved. During the latter circumstances
      the antibiotic undergoes distal tubular nonionic diffusion, which appears to be
      an important contributing factor to the high medullary and papillary
      concentrations of the drug. Nonetheless, at all levels of tested renal
      physiologic activity tissue and urine drug concentrations are adequate for the
      treatment of sensitive urinary pathogens.

PMID- 3685476
TI  - [Lumbar epidural hematoma and spinal abscess following peridural anesthesia].
AB  - Epidural application of local anesthetics or opiates is commonly used for
      treatment of severe pain or arterial obstruction. We discuss two cases of
      complications following peridural anesthesia. As an acute complication, a lumbar
      epidural hematoma developed hours after placement of the catheter and caused
      sciatic pain and nearly complete paraplegia. The hemorrhage might have been
      promoted by heparinization. After decompressive hemilaminectomy the patient
      recovered but was disabled by a persistent paresis. The second patient suffered
      from renal failure, arterial obstruction, and phantom limb pain. A peridural
      catheter was kept in place for 6 weeks. Five months later the patient developed
      severe sciatica. Spinal computed tomography showed compression of the cauda at
      the L4/5 level (Fig.4) caused by an abscess that was opened and drained. After
      insertion of a gentamicin - PMMA - chain (Septopal), the wound healed primarily
      but the patient suffered from persistent pain. The incidence of vessel puncture
      after insertion of a peridural catheter is about 1%-10%. The risk of hemorrhage,
      perforation of the dura, and nerve root irritation is increased in scoliotic or
      elderly patients with a narrow spinal canal. Persistent pain after removal of the
      catheter is the most important sign. Although paraplegias following peridural
      catheterization can occur without anticoagulants, even low-dose heparinization is
      potentially dangerous. The risk of infectious complications after long-term
      peridural catheterization may be up to 20%. Hematogenous metastatic infection is
      more common in patients with malignancies or multiple risk factors than
      continuous immigration of bacteria. Epidural hematomas and spinal abscesses can
      cause disability and persistent neurological deficit in spite of aggressive
      surgical and antibiotic therapy.

PMID- 3685478
TI  - Ultrafiltration in diuretic-resistant cardiac failure.
AB  - Ultrafiltration was performed in 13 patients with diuretic-resistant cardiac
      failure. All patients had severely distressing peripheral edema and
      ultrafiltration was successfully completed in 12 patients, all of whom sustained
      symptomatic improvement. The volume of fluid removed ranged from 3.7 to 23 L,
      mean 11.8 L. Weight reduction produced by ultrafiltration continued over the
      following week, indicating an improved response to diuretic therapy.
      Ultrafiltration is an effective therapeutic intervention in the management of a
      small but well-defined group of patients with diuretic-resistant cardiac failure.

PMID- 3685479
TI  - Transmission electron microscopy of urinary sediment in aminoglycoside
      nephrotoxicity.
AB  - Urinary sediment from 20 patients treated with aminoglycosides (AG) was studied
      using transmission electron microscopy. For the purpose of comparison, urinary
      sediment was also studied (control) from an additional 9 patients who had acute
      renal failure (ARF) but who did not receive AG (5 posttransplant, 4
      postsurgical). Urinary myeloid bodies and renal tubule cells were analyzed
      semiquantitatively. The diagnosis of AG nephrotoxicity (or ARF) was made on the
      basis of a rise in serum creatinine greater than or equal to 0.5 mg/dL from the
      baseline levels. Among 20 patients, 12 developed AG-ARF, and 11 of these 12
      showed myeloid bodies and necrotic renal tubule cells in their urinary sediment.
      Of the 8 patients that did not develop AG-ARF, 5 showed myeloid bodies and 2 of
      these also showed renal tubule cells in their urinary sediment. This incidence of
      necrotic renal tubule cells in the nephrotoxic group is significantly higher than
      in the nonnephrotoxic group (p less than 0.01). Although no statistical
      difference was found in the incidence of myeloid bodies between the two groups,
      the number of myeloid bodies was significantly (p less than 0.05) greater in the
      nephrotoxic group than in the nonnephrotoxic group. Furthermore, consecutive
      sediment studies revealed that the appearance of necrotic renal tubule cells (and
      not of myeloid bodies) coincided with the increase in serum creatinine. All
      control patients showed necrotic renal tubule cells but no myeloid bodies in
      their urinary sediment. Thus this study suggests that the presence of necrotic
      renal tubule cells signifies ARF, and when preceded or accompanied by large
      numbers of myeloid bodies that it indicates AG-ARF.

PMID- 3685480
TI  - Predictive value of bedside effective renal plasma flow for renal recovery in
      severe acute renal failure.
AB  - Single injection, single blood sample, effective renal plasma flow (ERPF)
      estimated by 131I-orthoiodohippurate can be performed accurately and conveniently
      without urine collection at the bedside. The purpose of this study was to
      determine if ERPF early in the course of severe acute renal failure (ARF)
      predicts recovery of renal function in hemodynamically stable patients. Over 18
      months, ERPF was determined in 33 such patients with ARF in whom an etiologic
      diagnosis could be established. Eight patients died within 2 months of onset and
      while on dialysis, did not have an autopsy, and were not considered further. Six
      patients (Group A) either remained on dialysis after at least 6 months follow-up
      or had irreversible renal disease at autopsy. In Group B (19 patients, 13 of whom
      were dialyzed), serum creatinine returned to less than 2.0 mg/dL (n = 16) or was
      decreasing without dialysis. Peak serum creatinine (Group A 11.2 +/- 1.4; Group B
      10.1 +/- 1.3 mg/dL) did not differ between groups. Oliguria was present in 75% of
      Group A patients and in 25% of Group B patients. Initial ERPFs differed (p less
      than 0.001) between Group A (90 +/- 11) and Group B (204 +/- 20 mL/min). Initial
      ERPF was greater than 125 mL/min in 15 Group B patients but in no Group A
      patients; the false-positive rate was 21% and the false-negative rate was
      0%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3685481
TI  - Multiple spin echo magnetic resonance imaging of the brain.
AB  - Advantages of 3D multiecho: 1. High signal to noise ratio which is useful for: a)
      Long TE b) Short TR c) Thin slices 2. Reduced paradoxical enhancement of blood
      vessels 3. Contiguous slices 4. Number of slices per scan is not reduced by short
      TR or long TE 5. Thin slices easily generated 6. A short TR multiecho sequence
      can produce a spectrum of images reflecting a range of both T1 and T2 weighting
      in the same scan. This information can often improve specificity. Disadvantages
      of 3D multiecho: 1. Increased motion sensitivity of 3D acquisitions 2. Scan times
      increase with TR.

PMID- 3685482
TI  - Ascites or pleural effusion? CT differentiation: four useful criteria.
AB  - CT can accurately distinguish between ascites and pleural fluid if the four signs
      described here are all considered in each case. Used individually these signs may
      be indeterminate or misleading.

PMID- 3685483
TI  - Systems components for consideration in purchasing an NMR imager.

PMID- 3685484
TI  - High resolution CT of the porta hepatis and hepatoduodenal ligament.
AB  - The authors present a detailed analysis of the sectional anatomy of the porta
      hepatis and hepatoduodenal ligament, and illustrate the use of high resolution CT
      in the clinical evaluation of the area.

PMID- 3685485
TI  - Multiplanar (MPR) imaging of the hip.
AB  - Multiplanar CT expands the ability of the radiologist to define the extent of
      disease, to suggest appropriate surgery, and to offer a probable prognosis.

PMID- 3685486
TI  - Multiple imaging evaluation of sarcoidosis.
AB  - This extensive study of thoracic sarcoidosis calls attention to a number of
      unusual manifestations of the disease including airway compression, venous
      obstruction and direct pericardial and myocardial involvement.

PMID- 3685487
TI  - In defense of opacity.

PMID- 3685488
TI  - Oblique magnetic resonance imaging of the cardiovascular system.
AB  - This exhibit demonstrates that cardiac anatomy can be imaged by MRI in oblique
      planes that are equivalent to views obtained radiographically or at
      angiocardiography. These MR images may be obtained either by simple patient
      positioning or by electronic rotation of the imaging axis. The advantages of this
      technique include its simplicity and its ability to show detailed anatomy
      noninvasively. Major cardiac structures including chambers, walls, vessels and
      bronchi are optimally demonstrated in long axis or cross section. This permits
      estimation of chamber volume, wall thickness, vessel position and variations from
      normal. Smaller structures are also well visualized. These include the
      pericardium, papillary muscles, azygos vein and some cross sectional anatomy of
      the coronary arteries and veins. The valvular structures can be shown during
      diastole or systole. The ability of MRI to show these cardiac structures due to
      the intrinsic contrast differences in signal intensity between muscle, fat,
      flowing blood and lung suggest an important future for MR cardiac imaging in a
      broad group of congenital and acquired diseases of the heart, pericardium and
      great vessels.

PMID- 3685489
TI  - The evaluation of multiple sclerosis by magnetic resonance imaging.

PMID- 3685490
TI  - Direct coronal and direct sagittal CT of abdomen and pelvis: an approach to
      staging malignancies.
AB  - Direct coronal and sagittal CT images are of high quality and are applicable to a
      majority of patients in daily practice. Because of the fact that transverse scans
      alone can be misleading, direct CT images in two or more different planes greatly
      enhance one's capability to stage neoplasms that are complex and extensive. The
      integrity of the margins of an organ, in the presence of tumor, is best
      determined by coronal or sagittal scanning. Lesions of the adrenal and kidney and
      retroperitoneal processes with possible extension into liver or other adjacent
      organs can be evaluated best using the combination of transverse and coronal or
      sagittal scans of the upper abdomen. Depending on the origin of pelvic lesions,
      the radiologist must consider in every individual case the performance of either
      direct coronal or sagittal sections or both. This judgment is based on the
      findings on the transverse scans, understanding of anatomic relationships of the
      pelvic viscera and knowledge of staging systems and their implications with
      respect to therapeutic decisions. In such a tailored approach, multiplanar CT
      facilitates improved presurgical evaluation. In some cases, the true extent of
      the lesion can only be seen in the coronal or sagittal planes. A potential new
      role for direct multiplanar CT is that it may be used as a sort of "gold
      standard" for the analysis of multiplanar ultrasound and MRI studies.

PMID- 3685492
TI  - Case 1. Parietal convexity meningioma.

PMID- 3685491
TI  - Spin echo technique selection: basic principles for choosing MRI pulse sequence
      timing intervals.
AB  - Several "rules of thumb" are presented here to guide the MRI practitioner in spin
      echo technique selection and in the interpretation of pathologic changes.

PMID- 3685493
TI  - Case 2. Cerebellar astrocytoma.

PMID- 3685494
TI  - Case 3. Postirradiation meningioma (aggressive).

PMID- 3685496
TI  - Case 5. Sarcoidosis of the optic nerve-sheath complex.

PMID- 3685495
TI  - Case 4. Esthesioneuroblastoma of the nasal cavity and ethmoid sinus.

PMID- 3685497
TI  - Case 6. Synovial cyst: L4-5.

PMID- 3685498
TI  - Case 7. Frontal arteriovenous malformation with adjacent hematoma.

PMID- 3685499
TI  - Case 8. Metastasis to S1 root sheath.

PMID- 3685501
TI  - How intransitive can you be?

PMID- 3685500
TI  - Conventional tomography in perspective--1985.

PMID- 3685502
TI  - Computed tomography of renal masses: pitfalls and anatomic variants.
AB  - An awareness of potential pitfalls in CT imaging of renal masses helps to reduce
      needless imaging procedures and surgery.

PMID- 3685503
TI  - Radiologic forensic investigation of fatal gunshot wounds.
AB  - The interested radiologist can be a valuable consultant in the investigation of
      fatal gunshot wounds as well as in the identification of human remains.

PMID- 3685504
TI  - CT of the axilla: normal anatomy and pathology.
AB  - CT of the axilla is useful in evaluating a palpable mass or brachial plexopathy,
      staging a known malignant neoplasm and evaluating a radiation therapy port.

PMID- 3685505
TI  - General case of the day. Bilateral iliac artery aneurysms.

PMID- 3685506
TI  - Invasive hemodynamic monitoring: radiologist's perspective.
AB  - The purpose of the authors is to make the radiologist a better consultant to the
      intensive care team by enhancing his understanding of invasive hemodynamic
      monitoring.

PMID- 3685507
TI  - High resolution surface coil magnetic resonance imaging of the spine: normal and
      pathologic anatomy.
AB  - In a brief two year period, magnetic resonance imaging of the spine has developed
      from a single slice, low signal/noise ratio, extremely time consuming technique
      to a multiplanar, high resolution examination that can be performed in a time
      frame similar to that of CT imaging. MR has already assumed a primary imaging
      role in myelopathic states. It is premature to evaluate its place vis-a-vis CT
      and myelography in many other disease states of the spine, but clearly, MR is
      assuming an ever expanding role. As technical improvements continue, it is
      perhaps realistic to predict that magnetic resonance will, in the near future,
      assume a dominant role in the imaging of the spine for the demonstration of most
      types of spinal disease.

PMID- 3685508
TI  - Radiologic and real time echocardiographic evaluation of the cyanotic newborn.
AB  - Prior to echocardiography, the recognition of serious heart disease in the
      cyanotic newborn or young infant could be extremely difficult. The profound
      hemodynamic changes taking place in the heart and lungs after birth influence the
      clinical manifestations of many cardiac disorders, and sometimes suggest the
      existence of a cardiac disorder when none is present. Real time echocardiography
      has revolutionalized the diagnosis of the cyanotic infant. If the reason for the
      infant's cyanosis or respiratory distress is not apparent from the history,
      physical examination, laboratory values, and chest radiograph; real time
      echocardiography should be performed to exclude or diagnose cyanotic congenital
      heart disease and persistent fetal circulation. This will prevent misdiagnosis in
      cyanotic infants and assure rapid and appropriate treatment.

PMID- 3685509
TI  - How to interpret coronary arteriograms.
AB  - Whether or not a radiologist is primarily responsible for coronary arteriography,
      the "compleat radiologist" will want to review this excellent primer on the
      subject.

PMID- 3685510
TI  - Correlative thin section temporomandibular joint anatomy and computed tomography.
AB  - The author believes that multiplanar CT imaging serves to distinguish the
      articular disc from other tissues of similar density and is necessary for a
      detailed temporomandibular joint survey.

PMID- 3685511
TI  - General case of the day. Acute multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 3685512
TI  - Pediatric case of the day. Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous.

PMID- 3685513
TI  - For years now, in the CT field.

PMID- 3685514
TI  - Strip scan: a method for faster MR imaging.
AB  - In certain limited applications, one can reduce MR imaging time without loss of
      essential diagnostic information by limiting the field of view.

PMID- 3685515
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging artifacts: mechanism and clinical significance.
AB  - Many types of artifacts may occur in magnetic resonance imaging. These artifacts
      may be related to extrinsic factors such as patient motion or metallic artifacts;
      they may be due specifically to the MR system such as power gradient drop off and
      chemical shift artifacts; they may occur as a consequence of general image
      processing techniques, as in the case of truncation artifacts and aliasing.
      Change in patient position, pulse sequence, or other imaging variables may
      improve some artifacts. Although reduction of some artifacts may require a
      service engineer, the radiologist has the responsibility to recognize MR imaging
      problems. The radiologist's knowledge of MR imaging artifacts is important to the
      continued maintenance of high image quality and is essential if one is to avoid
      confusing artifactual appearances with pathology.

PMID- 3685516
TI  - General case of the day. Carney's triad.

PMID- 3685517
TI  - Pediatric case of the day. Multiple duplication cysts.

PMID- 3685518
TI  - The abnormal nephrogram.
AB  - Recognition of qualitative abnormalities in the nephrogram may be as important as
      the recognition of structural abnormalities for the detection of renal disease.

PMID- 3685519
TI  - Aortic arch development.
AB  - Stereomicroradiographic images of timed-gestation mouse embryos clarify aortic
      development and help one to understand human vascular anomalies.

PMID- 3685520
TI  - General case of the day. Analgesic nephropathy with bilateral transitional cell
      carcinomas.

PMID- 3685521
TI  - Pediatric case of the day. Trilateral retinoblastoma.

PMID- 3685522
TI  - "...wad some power the giftie gie us...".

PMID- 3685523
TI  - Pseudoobstruction in the geriatric population.
AB  - In this time of sophisticated technology, the diagnosis of intestinal obstruction
      and pseudoobstruction still depends on plain radiographs and barium studies. Old
      myths and rigid routines interfere with the interpretation of plain radiographic
      examinations, however. Air-fluid levels can be present in the colon owing to
      fluid accumulation from prolonged stasis, and they do not necessarily indicate
      obstruction. Positioning of the patient for diagnostic studies should be directed
      so that the shifting of gas within the colon gives maximal information about
      intestinal patency and diameter. Barium studies are only necessary and desirable
      when the gas pattern suggests a mechanical obstruction. Pseudoobstruction, which
      tends to be amenable to conservative treatment, is a frequent occurrence in the
      elderly population. If properly managed, the risk of perforation is low, and
      invasive procedures can usually be avoided. In the elderly population with poor
      intestinal tone, colonic caliber is often large; yet some textbooks still quote
      specific cecal diameters as indicators of impending perforation. Mobilizing the
      gas with positional maneuvers can help to decrease cecal size, facilitate
      evacuation, and allay fear. This is one more situation in which the radiologist
      can play an active role in patient management. Close cooperation with the
      clinician is necessary to insure optimal care of these difficult and challenging
      patients.

PMID- 3685524
TI  - The problem of Aedes aegypti in Brazil.

PMID- 3685525
TI  - [Hemoglobinopathies in the Federal District, Brazil].

PMID- 3685526
TI  - [Capillaria hepatica: various immunopathologic aspects of false and true
      infection].

PMID- 3685527
TI  - [Appearance of a thiarid (mollusk) in the Pampulha Lake, Belo Horizonte, MG,
      Brazil].

PMID- 3685528
TI  - [Presence of HBsAg in the population of Labrea-Amazonas].

PMID- 3685529
TI  - [Seroepidemiologic study of human cysticercosis in Brasilia, Federal District].

PMID- 3685530
TI  - [Persistent schistosomal pulmonary hypertension in a patient after reversion of a
      hepato-splenic form: presentation of a case].

PMID- 3685531
TI  - [Unusual prevalence of Leishmaniasis braziliensis brasiliensis in 4 families].

PMID- 3685533
TI  - [23d Congress of the Brazilian Society of Tropical Medicine and 4th Congress of
      the Brazilian Society of Infectology. 15-20 February 1987. Program and
      abstracts].

PMID- 3685532
TI  - [Familial occurrence of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic region,
      Corte de Pedra, Bahia].

PMID- 3685534
TI  - The impact of artificial intelligence on the risk analysis profession.

PMID- 3685535
TI  - Informing and educating the public about risk.

PMID- 3685537
TI  - Risk assessment as a predictive tool.

PMID- 3685536
TI  - Informing and educating the public about risks of daily life.

PMID- 3685538
TI  - Estimation of long-term risk from Canadian uranium mill tailings.
AB  - A methodology is presented for assessing the risk from Canadian uranium mill
      tailings piles. The methodology is based on the "set of triplets" concept and
      uses an event tree to identify various scenarios representing the performance of
      a pile over its 1,000-year design life. Compartment-type mathematical models are
      used to quantify the movement of hazardous substances through the environment.
      Numerical examples are given of both "level 1" (straight probabilistic) and
      "level 2" (probability of frequency) type analyses.

PMID- 3685539
TI  - Thyroid cancer risk from exposure to ionizing radiation: a case study in the
      comparative potency model.
AB  - Considerable controversy exists about the relative risk of thyroid cancer
      following exposure to external radiation compared to the risk after exposure to
      internally deposited 131I. The human epidemiological data are equivocal, and
      studies are not directly comparable owing to differing ages at exposure, dose
      ranges, and periods of follow-up. Limited experimental data at low dose ranges
      support the hypothesis of equal potency in animals. This report utilizes a
      relative potency model to reconcile data from different sources, and to provide
      an estimate of thyroid cancer risk following human exposure to 131I. We utilize
      data from epidemiological studies of external radiation and 131I exposure in
      humans and data from an experimental animal study. This analysis shows that the
      data provide no compelling evidence to suggest that the risks accompanying
      external radiation or 131I exposure are different.

PMID- 3685540
TI  - Probabilistic reliability analysis, quantitative safety goals, and nuclear
      licensing in the United Kingdom.
AB  - Although unpublicized, the use of quantitative safety goals and probabilistic
      reliability analysis for licensing nuclear reactors has become a reality in the
      United Kingdom. This conclusion results from an examination of the process
      leading to the licensing of the Sizewell B PWR in England. The licensing process
      for this reactor has substantial implications for nuclear safety standards in
      Britain, and is examined in the context of the growing trend towards quantitative
      safety goals in the United States.

PMID- 3685541
TI  - Using average lifetime dose rate for intermittent exposures to carcinogens.
AB  - The effect of using the average dose rate over a lifetime as a representative
      measure of exposure to carcinogens is investigated by comparing the true
      theoretical multistage intermittent-dosing lifetime low-dose excess risk to the
      theoretical multistage continuous-dosing lifetime risk corresponding to the
      average lifetime dose rate. It is concluded that low-dose risk estimates based on
      the average lifetime dose rate may overestimate the true risk by several orders
      of magnitude, but that they never underestimate the true risk by more than a
      factor of k/r, where k is the total number of stages in the multistage model and
      r is the number of stages that are dose-related.

PMID- 3685542
TI  - Infant exposure assessment for breast milk dioxins and furans derived from waste
      incineration emissions.
AB  - Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans
      (PCDFs) have been detected in human milk samples obtained in several countries.
      Possible sources include emissions from incineration of municipal waste in
      resource recovery facilities. A formula is presented for calculating the infant
      daily dose of dioxin equivalents from breast milk on the basis of the maternal
      daily intake. Application of the formula suggests that an infant breast-fed for
      12 months would receive around 10% of the cumulative exposure dose per body
      weight that would be received by an adult with 50 years of exposure. Further
      analysis indicated that the contribution of dioxin equivalents from breast milk
      to an infant's body concentration at the end of 12 months of breast feeding would
      amount to 1.7 times the concentration in the mother. However, dioxin and furan
      emissions from a source calculated to result in worst-case lifetime cancer risks
      of the order of 1 in 100,000 are only likely to increase breast milk
      concentrations by around 1%-10% of the levels that have been detected in several
      countries. This finding suggests that there are major sources of dioxins and
      furans other than from municipal solid waste incineration that need to be
      identified.

PMID- 3685543
TI  - Chemical Health Effects Assessment Methodology for airborne contaminants.
AB  - Chemical Health Effects Assessment Methodology (CHEM) is a new procedure for
      assessing hazardous properties of airborne toxic contaminants. CHEM evaluates
      substances for four major health effect categories: carcinogenicity,
      mutagenicity, reproductive/developmental toxicity, and toxic effects other than
      the first three. Three elements are considered in the assessment: weight of
      evidence, potency, and severity of effect. This approach produces a profile of
      toxic properties of chemicals which preserves their unique multidimensional
      character and highlights data gaps.

PMID- 3685544
TI  - Teaching intermittent self-catheterization skills to mentally retarded children.
AB  - In an A-B design with replication, the efficacy of a behavioral training program
      for teaching two mildly retarded children intermittent self-catheterization
      skills was assessed. Component skills were task-analyzed and trained via a
      graduated prompting procedure. Results indicated that both children rapidly
      acquired the component skills necessary to perform self-catheterization in an
      accurate and nearly independent manner. Benefits of children engaging in their
      own health-care maintenance are discussed.

PMID- 3685545
TI  - Vocational integration for persons with mental handicaps: a cross-cultural
      perspective.
AB  - Descriptive information was presented which related to the vocational integration
      of persons with mental handicaps in five Western European countries. The
      investigator based his findings on a five-month visit to Denmark, Great Britain,
      Italy, Switzerland, and West Germany. Observations, interviews, and documents
      were synthesized to draw conclusions about employment programs. Inferences were
      made about the development of vocational models in these countries and the United
      States. Potential variables were identified which influence systems change toward
      integrated models of work.

PMID- 3685546
TI  - Acquisition and extension of syntactic repertoires by severely mentally retarded
      youth.
AB  - This study investigated the conditions that contribute to generalized language
      learning in severely mentally retarded children. Matrix-training strategies were
      used to teach three mentally retarded children syntactic rules for combining
      known words into two- and three-word utterances. The children applied these rules
      subsequently to learn unknown words. Generalized learning of responses not taught
      directly was shown to be under experimental control using a multiple baseline
      design across submatrices. Training only a limited number of responses was
      sufficient to promote recombinative generalization in the trained modality and
      transfer to untrained responses in the opposite modality. Teaching receptive and
      expressive language responses while simultaneously promoting untrained responding
      through matrix training provides an economical and efficient training approach
      for mentally retarded individuals.

PMID- 3685547
TI  - The competition of autistic stereotyped behavior with usual and specially
      assessed reinforcers.
AB  - This study was conducted to empirically assess a reinforcement theory of
      stereotyped behavior. Six students with autism were first presented with tasks,
      and no contingent reinforcers were provided for correct responding. Then,
      contingent reinforcers that were typically used with the students (usual
      reinforcers) were presented in a multiple baseline across subjects design. Three
      of the students evidenced decreases in stereotypy and increases in responding in
      the presence of usual reinforcers. The other three students required external
      suppression of stereotypy before increases in responding were shown. For these
      students, usual reinforcers and specially assessed reinforcers were then
      compared. The specially assessed reinforcers resulted in decreases in stereotypy
      and increases in responding and subjective measures of responsiveness. The
      results were discussed in terms of supporting a competing reinforcement
      hypothesis, such that powerful external reinforcers will successfully compete
      with and suppress reinforcers provided by stereotypy.

PMID- 3685549
TI  - [Physiopathology of ascites in cirrhosis. A multidisciplinary problem].

PMID- 3685548
TI  - Increasing positive social interactions by handicapped individuals during a
      recreational activity using a multicomponent treatment package.
AB  - A multicomponent treatment package increased the rate of positive statements
      among handicapped youth during a social/leisure activity at a work training
      setting. The package of role playing, graphic feedback, contingent reinforcement,
      and self-monitoring was directly replicated across three experiments in producing
      normative rates of positive verbal statements. There was no evidence of
      generalization to other stimulus activities. There was limited response
      generalization to a class of negative verbal statements. The study further
      examined the critical components of the maintenance package through a withdrawal
      design. It was found that contingent reinforcement and self-monitoring could
      maintain substantial rates of positive behaviors. In the third experiment it was
      further demonstrated that self-monitoring alone could maintain positive
      statements in three of the four students in the group.

PMID- 3685550
TI  - [Predictive value of lipid and lipoprotein changes in ischemic cerebral vascular
      accidents].

PMID- 3685551
TI  - [Fibronectin and shock: our case load].

PMID- 3685552
TI  - [Morphologic changes in erythrocytes in the urine: importance in the diagnosis of
      the origin of hematurias].

PMID- 3685553
TI  - [A young woman with dysphonia, dysphagia and sensation of a foreign body in the
      pharynx].

PMID- 3685554
TI  - [Prognosis and mortality in the aged at an intensive care and coronary unit.
      Observations on medical care and ethics].

PMID- 3685555
TI  - [Medical education. The immediate future].

PMID- 3685556
TI  - [Cerebral infarction caused by low output in a 30-year-old marathon runner].

PMID- 3685557
TI  - [Hepatic nodular regenerative hyperplasia associated with essential mixed
      cryoglobulinemia].

PMID- 3685558
TI  - [Crushing of a vertebra due to hypoglycemic convulsions in a diabetic patient].

PMID- 3685559
TI  - [Addiction to buprenorphine].

PMID- 3685560
TI  - [Avascular necrosis of the bone and systemic lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 3685561
TI  - [Primary anorectal neoplasm. Apropos of a new case].

PMID- 3685562
TI  - [Alveolar positive pressure during high-frequency jet ventilation].

PMID- 3685564
TI  - [Regional block of the foot at the level of the ankle].

PMID- 3685563
TI  - [Thoracic epidural anesthesia-analgesia in surgery of the thorax].

PMID- 3685566
TI  - [Analysis of factors prolonging the postoperative stay in the recovery unit
      following neurovascular surgery].

PMID- 3685565
TI  - [Disorders of rhythm during anesthesia and surgery: prospective study of 1,000
      cases].

PMID- 3685567
TI  - [Postoperative subcutaneous infiltration with bupivacaine].

PMID- 3685568
TI  - [Problems of carcinoid tumor. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 3685569
TI  - [Possibility of erroneous connection of the anesthetic circuit: a cause of severe
      complications].

PMID- 3685571
TI  - [Functional evaluation of the nervous system in psychiatry].

PMID- 3685570
TI  - [An infrequent complication of peridural anesthesia: production of a
      paravertebral air space].

PMID- 3685572
TI  - [Topographic aspects of visual and auditory evoked potentials in schizophrenics].
AB  - The EPs to bilaterally presented non-verbal and non-cognitive visual and auditory
      stimuli were studied in 15 schizophrenics and 15 normal subjects. Many anomalies
      of exogenous components of VEPs and AEPs were observed in schizophrenics in
      comparison with control subjects, pointing to an abnormal cerebral functioning.
      So, the patients presented: (1) a less interhemispheric difference in latency of
      P100 component of VEPs over the occipital area; (2) a decrease or a lack of left
      hemispheric predominance of P2 component of AEPs over the central area; (3) a
      lower interhemispheric waveform similarity both for VEPs and AEPs. These results
      suggest a lower hemispheric specialization and interhemispheric synchronization
      of EPs in schizophrenics.

PMID- 3685573
TI  - [Changes in slow evoked potentials in depressed patients treated with
      amitriptyline and oxaprotiline].
AB  - Using a simple S1S2-R paradigm, acoustically evoked potentials, CNV, and PINV
      were recorded in 59 patients with major depressive disorder before and during a 4
      week double blind pharmacological treatment with either amitriptyline (AT) or
      oxaprotiline (OT). In parallel, 30 healthy subjects were investigated 3 times, in
      identical intervals of 2 weeks. In the depressed state patients exhibited
      significantly smaller CNVs than the controls. In the AT-group clinical
      improvement and drug plasma levels of nortriptyline (NT, the principal metabolite
      of AT and an active antidepressant by itself) were positively related to
      increases in CNV-area; in the OT-group the reverse was true: increase in CNV-area
      was related to smaller OT plasma levels and less favourable outcome. The control
      group displayed a steady decline in CNV area during the 3 test sessions. N1P2
      amplitude and PINV were not significantly different between groups and exhibited
      only minor variations during treatment.

PMID- 3685574
TI  - [Electroencephalographic mapping in migraine during the critical and
      intercritical periods].
AB  - Twenty-nine migraineurs underwent spectral analysis and topographic EEG mapping.
      In a case of an induced attack of classic migraine with a complex aura, posterior
      anterior spreading of slow activities and depression of alpha activity
      contralateral to the neurological signs were the prominent findings. Another
      patient who developed a spontaneous attack of classic migraine with a visual aura
      had unilateral reduction of alpha and theta activity. In 19 out of 22 patients
      recorded during an attack of common migraine the only abnormality was markedly
      reduced alpha activity over one occipital region, usually on the side of the
      headache. Sixteen of these had concomitantly reduction of theta activity in the
      same location. In all patients, except one, restudied at least 7 days after an
      attack, EEG asymmetries had disappeared. Unilateral EEG changes can thus be
      detected during attacks of both classic and common migraine. The posterior
      anterior spreading of slow activities during an induced attack of classic
      migraine has temporal and spatial similarities with the "spreading oligemia"
      (Olesen et al., 1981). Findings in classic migraine with a strictly visual aura,
      however, are identical to those observed during common migraine, i.e. unilateral
      reduction of alpha and theta activity. This suggests that common, as classic,
      migraine is associated with unilateral disturbances of cortical electrogenesis,
      which might reflect an underlying metabolic abnormality.

PMID- 3685575
TI  - [Brain abscess in the newborn infant (27 cases: initial electroclinical study,
      course].
AB  - The authors studied 27 brain abscesses in neonates. The neonates were divided in
      two groups: neonates with seizures and neonates without seizures. The authors
      tested the diagnostic and predictive value of the initial EEG aspect. They noted
      the absence of correlation between EEG focal abnormalities and localizations
      shown by the CT scan. They observed a severe electroclinical evolution in more
      than fifty percent of the cases presented.

PMID- 3685576
TI  - [Ambulatory 24-hour EEG recording in epileptic infantile spasms].
AB  - Twenty-four h cassette recording (MEDILOG 9000) where obtained in 22 untreated
      infants (23 records) with a West syndrome (idiopathic: n = 12, symptomatic: n =
      10). All these infants had had a 3 h polygraphic recording. Tracings were
      visually analyzed for sleep stages. Electro-clinical seizures and infraclinical
      discharges were listed according to their type and the stage of vigilance. Two
      hundred twenty-eight critical events were recorded in 22 cassette recordings:
      isolated spasms, clusters of spasms, partial or generalized discharges followed
      or not by clusters of spasms. Sixty per cent of these fits occurred during
      wakefulness, 27% during non REM sleep, 13% during awakening and none during REM
      sleep. Partial discharges, followed or not by clusters of spasms, were only
      present in cases with unfavourable outcome. In benign spasms the hypsarrhythmic
      pattern was present between spasms in each cluster, but not in cases with
      unfavourable outcome. Compared with 3 h polygraphic recordings, 24 h cassette
      recordings gave supplementary data on the presence, type and timing of seizures
      in 16 of out 22 cases.

PMID- 3685577
TI  - Study of spindle-spike interactions: features of basal ganglia control.
AB  - Changes in cortical spindle distribution following penicillin (PCN) injections
      were studied in feline generalized PCN epilepsy. PCN activation caused no
      substantial changes in spindle duration, frequency and intraburst frequency,
      while significant reductions in the amplitude of the negative waves were noted.
      At the same time combinations of spindle waves and epileptic complexes were
      recorded with one or more spikes randomly occurring at the beginning, in the
      middle, or at the end of a spindle envelope. Low frequency stimulation of the
      caudate nucleus induced a certain degree of enhancement in cortical precruciate
      spike frequency while high frequency activation of the entopeduncular nucleus
      caused significant inhibition of cortical spike frequency. The results are
      discussed in the light of the reciprocal interrelationship between spindles and
      spikes. Furthermore, the role played by the caudate and the entopeduncular
      nucleus in the control of the cortico-thalamo-cortical circuit is also
      emphasized.

PMID- 3685578
TI  - [Treatment of hepatic encephalopathy with branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) by
      oral route: II. Chronic hepatic encephalopathy].

PMID- 3685579
TI  - [Late results of choledochoduodenostomy in the treatment of benign pathology of
      the common bile duct].

PMID- 3685580
TI  - [Lesions of the right hepatic duct and its branches in biliary surgery].

PMID- 3685581
TI  - [Analysis of our experience in the pathogenic factors of residual lithiasis].

PMID- 3685582
TI  - [Epidemiologic aspects of peptic ulcer in Aragon].

PMID- 3685583
TI  - [Quantification of duodenogastric reflux during fasting and post-ingestion in
      patients undergoing gastric surgery].

PMID- 3685584
TI  - [Preparation of patients for endoscopy of the colon: a current topic. Our
      experience with X-Prep].

PMID- 3685585
TI  - [Skin care in intestinal fistula and stoma].

PMID- 3685586
TI  - [Strangulated hernia. Review of 253 operations].

PMID- 3685587
TI  - [Conservative surgery of the spleen in hydatid cyst].

PMID- 3685589
TI  - [Late diagnosis of hemochromatosis].

PMID- 3685588
TI  - [Choledochoduodenostomy as a technic for internal biliary drainage].

PMID- 3685590
TI  - [Gastric with lymphoid stroma. Report of a case].

PMID- 3685591
TI  - [Two new cases of gastric cancer, post-vagotomy and post-pyloroplasty].

PMID- 3685592
TI  - [Trichobezoar. Report of a case].

PMID- 3685593
TI  - [Stenosis of the small intestine caused by transient ischemia].

PMID- 3685594
TI  - [Leiomyosarcoma of the rectum: apropos of 3 cases].

PMID- 3685595
TI  - [Granulomatous peritonitis caused by starch].

PMID- 3685596
TI  - [Solitary ulcer of the sigmoid].

PMID- 3685597
TI  - [Intestinal endometriosis].

PMID- 3685598
TI  - [Effect of pirenzepine and atropine on the motile function of the esophagus.
      Comparative study].

PMID- 3685599
TI  - [Gastroesophageal reflux. Evaluation of treatment with pirenzepine by continuous
      ambulatory monitoring of the pH].

PMID- 3685600
TI  - [Contribution of radiotracers to the study of duodenogastric reflux in ulcerative
      and functional digestive pathology].

PMID- 3685601
TI  - [Quantitative and ultrastructural study of the effects of different anti-ulcer
      drugs on wall cells of the gastric mucosa of the rat].

PMID- 3685602
TI  - [Surgery of achalasia: should an antireflux mechanism be added to Heller's
      myotomy?].

PMID- 3685603
TI  - [Laterolateral choledochoduodenostomy in the treatment of benign distal
      obstructions of the bile ducts].

PMID- 3685604
TI  - [Bone disorders in alcoholic cirrhosis: evaluation using histomorphometric
      analysis of bone biopsy without decalcification].

PMID- 3685605
TI  - [Human hepatitis viruses in laboratory animals].

PMID- 3685606
TI  - [On the medical courts of the National Institute of Health and the Article 17 of
      the bill of the bench mark statute].

PMID- 3685607
TI  - [Gastrointestinal leiomyomatosis: a rare cause of bull's eye images].

PMID- 3685608
TI  - [Non-surgical pneumoperitoneum: apropos of 4 cases].

PMID- 3685609
TI  - [Non-organic dyspepsia].

PMID- 3685610
TI  - [Hemorrhagic diathesis as a complication of antibiotherapy in celiac patients].

PMID- 3685611
TI  - [Acute appendicitis in a hernial sac. An unusual case].

PMID- 3685612
TI  - Effect of erythrocytes on the function and morphology of the isolated perfused
      rat kidney.
AB  - We have examined the effects of erythrocytes on the function and morphology of
      isolated rat kidneys perfused with a physiological concentration of bovine
      albumin (45 g/l). (1) In kidneys perfused without red cells, renal vascular
      resistance (RVR) was low (4.2 +/- 0.3 mm Hg/ml/min/g), fractional sodium
      excretion (FeNa) was high (14.5 +/- 1.8%) and concentrating ability impaired
      (maximum urine osmolality 343 +/- 4 mmol/kg). The erythrocyte-free kidney also
      developed necrosis of the cells of the medullary thick ascending limb (mTAL). (2)
      Erythrocytes at a hematocrit of 4-6% did not alter RVR but prevented ischemic
      changes in the mTAL and reduced FeNa to 9.4 +/- 0.03%. Concentrating ability was
      not improved by a hematocrit of 4-6% despite the presence of a morphologically
      normal mTAL. (3) At a hematocrit of 40-45%, RVR was increased (to 11.2 +/- 0.4 mm
      Hg/ml/min/g) and FeNa was further lowered to 3.5 +/- 0.6%. Also, urinary
      concentrating ability was markedly improved (maximum urine osmolality 640 +/- 35
      mmol/kg). (4) The isolated perfused kidney (IPK) at a hematocrit of 40-45% was
      able to autoregulate renal perfusate flow rate of GFR but autoregulation was
      incomplete. A 50% increase in perfusion pressure from 100 to 150 mm Hg increased
      renal perfusate flow rate and GFR 27 and 29%, respectively. Thus the IPK is not
      able to autoregulate as efficiently as the kidney in vivo, even in the presence
      of red cells at a normal hematocrit.

PMID- 3685613
TI  - Hemodynamics of the recently opened glomeruli. Micropuncture study in 22- to 26
      day-old puppies.
AB  - In 22- to 26-day-old beagle puppies, just after superficial nephrons have begun
      to function, the single nephron glomerular filtration rate is extremely low (6.7
      nl.min-1) approximating a tenth of the adult value (57 nl.min-1) even though
      blood pressure is as high as 90 mm Hg. Glomerular vascular resistance is almost
      six times the value found in the adult dog (1.8 vs. 0.32 mm Hg.ml-1.min), this
      increase being mainly due to a rise in afferent (80%) rather than in efferent
      (20%) resistance. The glomerulus, having only recently started to function, is
      characterized by filtration pressure equilibrium, a phenomenon atypical of
      superficial glomeruli in the adult dog. These findings favor the concept that a
      low glomerular blood flow rate might be the main cause of the very low SNGFR in
      the new glomeruli, although some contribution of an altered ultrafiltration
      coefficient cannot be excluded.

PMID- 3685614
TI  - Functional and histopathological changes in dog kidneys after administration of
      cisplatin.
AB  - The nephrotoxic effect of cisplatin (5 mg/kg i.v.) was evaluated in 8 dogs 48-72
      h after administration. The lithium clearance method was used for assessing the
      absolute and fractional reabsorption rates of sodium and water in proximal as
      well as in more distal segments of the total nephron population, before and
      during saline loading (infusion of 5 ml/kg of isotonic saline i.v.). Histological
      examinations of the kidney biopsies were used to evaluate the degree of renal
      tissue injury. During 48-72 h after administration of cisplatin blood urea
      nitrogen and plasma creatinine increased significantly from 3.9 +/- 0.2 to 11.7
      +/- 1.4 mmol/l and 96 +/- 3 to 178 +/- 10 mumol/l, respectively. Mean values of
      renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, filtration fraction and lithium
      clearance in cisplatin-treated animals (143 +/- 14 ml/min, 10.7 +/- 1.1. ml/min,
      0.14 +/- 0.01 and 6.3 +/- 0.6 ml/min, respectively) were significantly lower than
      in 6 control animals (212 +/- 8 ml/min, 49.0 +/- 2.0 ml/min, 0.36 +/- 0.001 and
      10.1 +/- 1.3 ml/min, respectively). In contrast, urinary excretion rates of
      sodium, potassium and water were significantly higher, while fractional as well
      as absolute proximal and distal reabsorption rates were significantly lower in
      cisplatin-treated animals compared to controls. Saline loading caused an increase
      in the output of tubular fluid from the proximal tubules (lithium clearance) in
      the cisplatin-treated animals, while the fractional distal reabsorption rate of
      sodium decreased significantly. The histological changes are in agreement with
      the physiological data which point to the proximal tubules as the more severely
      damaged segment. In conclusion, the depressed renal function 48-72 h after
      administration of cisplatin can be attributed to impairment of proximal as well
      as distal tubular reabsorptive capacities associated with increased renal
      vascular resistance. The polyuria seems to be due to impaired reabsorption rates
      in the distal nephron segments, which will affect the concentration mechanism.

PMID- 3685615
TI  - Effect of an hypercholesterolemic diet on the level of several serum lipids and
      apolipoproteins in nine rat strains.
AB  - To detect the response of different strains of rats to an hypercholesterolemic
      diet, 9 different strains of male rats were fed successively a control diet (C)
      containing 20% casein for 4 weeks, then a high-protein, cholesterol-rich diet
      (HC) containing 50% casein and 1.2% cholesterol for 12 weeks. When the rats were
      fed the control diet, the highest cholesterolemia was found in the LOU strain and
      the lowest in the WAG and Brown-Norway (BN) strains. The latter strain had the
      highest free to esterified cholesterol ratio and showed a marked band in beta
      position (LDL) on agarose gel electrophoresis. Administration of the HC diet
      induced an increase of cholesterolemia in all the strains except in Fisher (FIS)
      and LOU. This hypercholesterolemic diet decreased the free to esterified
      cholesterol ratio only in the BN and FIS strains. On agarose gel, all the strains
      showed a highly increased band in pre-beta position (VLDL). On polyacrylamide
      gel, a single, tight band in HDL position was revealed in the BN strain, while a
      large band or two bands were seen in the other strains. The percentages of some
      apoproteins in serum total lipoproteins were determined in rats fed the HC diet;
      the apoprotein E level was inversely correlated to the difference between the
      cholesterolemia of the rats given the HC and C diets (r = - 0.72; P less than
      0.05). So, the BN rats had the lowest apo E level with the highest
      cholesterolemia increase due to the HC diet.

PMID- 3685616
TI  - Effects of phosphorus deficiency on rumen microbial activity associated with the
      solid and liquid phases of a fermentor (Rusitec).
AB  - The rumen simulation technique (Rusitec) has been used to study the effects of
      phosphorus (P) deficiency on bacterial protein synthesis and chemical composition
      and on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentrations in the solid and liquid phases
      of fermentors. 16 g DM of a P-deficient mixed diet was put into each vessel daily
      and the vessels were infused with about 1 l of a P-deficient (0 mg of P) or P
      supplemented (120 mg of P/l) buffer. Two vessels per treatment were used, and
      during a second experimental period the deficient and supplemented buffers were
      interchanged to determine the effects of P repletion and depletion. The
      proportion of bacterial N directly incorporated from dietary amino acids or
      peptides was greater in solid-associated bacteria (SAB) than in liquid-associated
      bacteria (LAB) (46 vs 19%). P deficiency increased this proportion in both
      bacterial populations. Protein synthesis associated with the solid phase
      represented about 30% of the total protein synthesis in the system. P deficiency
      induced a marked decrease in microbial protein synthesis in both phases.
      Microbial yield declined by about 5 points (g of N/kg OMF) in P-deficient
      conditions. ATP concentrations were greatly reduced in both phases but P
      deficiency had no effect on protozoal numbers. The effects of P depletion during
      period II were similar to those of P deficiency in period I, and P repletion
      showed that the effects of P deficiency were almost entirely reversible.

PMID- 3685617
TI  - [In vitro study of various ionophore antibiotics and some of their derivatives.
      II. Characterization of the ionophore properties of the compounds in a model
      system for Na+ and K+ ions].
AB  - Transport of Na+ and K+ by different carboxylic polyether antibiotics and some of
      their derivatives was measured in a triphasic water/chloroform/water model
      system. Monensin, nigericin, narasin and lasalocid proved to be efficient K+
      carriers, while grisorixin, alborixin and X 14547A gave lower ionic fluxes.
      Furthermore, the structural modifications of nigericin, grisorixin and lasalocid
      reduced the ionophore properties of the corresponding natural metabolite.
      Monensin was also characterized as a good Na+ carrier. Cation transport results
      were in keeping with those of a previous study on the end-products of rumen
      fermentation. In both cases monensin, nigericin, narasin and lasalocid were the
      most efficient compounds.

PMID- 3685618
TI  - The development of sheep embryos when two are transferred into only one uterine
      horn or into each uterine horn.
AB  - In two series of experiments, two D6 morulae were surgically transferred either
      to each uterine horn of recipient ewes or to the same horn. When embryos were
      transferred to each side, the percentages of lambs born were not significantly
      different (68 and 62.5% respectively) whether the corpora lutea of recipient ewes
      were on each ovary or on the same ovary (in this case, embryos were transferred
      to the horn ipsilateral to the corpora lutea). When embryos were transferred to
      the same horn, the percentages of lambs born (71 and 92.6% respectively) were not
      significantly different whether the corpora lutea were on each side or on the
      same side. The percentages of lambs born were not significantly different whether
      the two morulae were transferred to each uterine horn or to the same horn.

PMID- 3685619
TI  - Neonatal changes in plasma cortisol, free and total iodothyronine levels in
      control and hypotrophic lambs.
AB  - Neonatal changes in plasma free and total iodothyronines, cortisol, glucose and
      urea levels have been studied in 8 control (birthweight greater than or equal to
      2.5 kg) and 16 hypotrophic lambs (birthweight less than 2.5 kg) receiving limited
      amounts of colostrum during the first 36 h of life and then fed ad libitum.
      During the period of colostrum feeding, plasma glucose levels were low in both
      groups and increased after the onset of ad libitum feeding; they were
      significantly lower in hypotrophic animals from birth to 36 h. Plasma urea levels
      increased during the period of colostrum feeding and decreased thereafter in all
      animals. At birth, they were significantly higher in hypotrophic lambs. Over the
      entire period studied (20 d), plasma levels of total T4, free T4, total T3 and
      free T3 were markedly lowered in hypotrophic lambs without alterations in the
      values of the T3/free T4 ratio. No differences could be observed in plasma
      reverse T3 and cortisol levels. For all blood parameters recorded, the neonatal
      changes were parallel in the two groups of lambs. In agreement with hypoglycemia
      and hyperuremia observed at birth in hypotrophic lambs, with the litter size
      recorded for each experimental group and with previous results, placental
      insufficiency linked to a large litter size gestation could be at the origin of
      low thyroid hormone levels.

PMID- 3685620
TI  - [Comparison of 2 technics (ninhydrin vs. TNSB) for estimating circulating amino
      acid nitrogen, applied to the study of the intestinal absorption of solutions of
      free amino acids or small peptides].
AB  - The intestinal absorption of nitrogen from amino acids present in a solution of
      small peptides or of free amino acids with the same pattern, perfused
      intraduodenally, has been studied using two analytical techniques [2, 4, 6
      trinitrobenzene-1-sulfonic acid (TNBS) after dialysis of the blood vs ninhydrine
      after chromatography] to determine post-perfusion porto arterial differences and
      to measure blood flow rate in the portal vein. The results obtained on blood
      nitrogen level with the chromatographic method were always higher than those
      obtained using the TNBS method. The differences in the values varied from 8 to
      24% according to post-perfusion time and to blood sample origin (arterial or
      portal). On the contrary, the absorbed amounts of nitrogen measured by either
      analytical technique were not very much different: no significant and systematic
      deviation was found between the two. The TNBS method is thus useful as a
      preliminary approach to very elaborate studies on intestinal absorption. In these
      conditions, the nitrogen of amino acids from duodenally-perfused small peptides
      was absorbed earlier and more rapidly than that from a perfusion of a solution of
      free amino acids. The amount of nitrogen appearing in the portal vein five hours
      after perfusion exceeded the perfused amount owing to considerable recycling of
      endogenous nitrogen.

PMID- 3685621
TI  - Correlates of preventive health behavior in late life.

PMID- 3685623
TI  - Primary-group support systems of the aged.

PMID- 3685622
TI  - Factors related to impaired mental health in urban elderly.

PMID- 3685624
TI  - The threshold for aging in the workplace.

PMID- 3685625
TI  - Work as a response to low and decreasing real income during retirement.

PMID- 3685626
TI  - County characteristics and elderly net migration rates. A three-decade regional
      analysis.

PMID- 3685627
TI  - Prophylaxis of trichostrongylid infection afforded by low-dose phenothiazine
      given in two successive years to first-season calves on a common area of pasture.
AB  - Reduced trichostrongylid infection on herbage and in calves was obtained when
      first-season calves, grazing a common area of pasture, received low-dosage
      phenothiazine (PTZ) in two successive years. The average daily dose of PTZ was
      7.0 or 10.3 mg kg-1 in the first year and, in the second, between 5.0 and 7.0 mg
      kg-1. The effect on herbage infection was attributed mainly to ovicidal action.
      Treatment increased weight gain by 22 and 50 to 60 per cent in the respective
      seasons. The results suggested a cumulative effect produced by treating calves of
      successive years. Two calves developed PTZ-induced photosensitivity (corneal
      opacity) in the first season, and two calves in the second season but in the
      latter, severe bronchopneumonia was believed to be a predisposing factor. To
      avoid photosensitivity and still maintain adequate drug activity, the daily
      intake of PTZ should probably be restricted to around 6 mg kg-1.

PMID- 3685628
TI  - Systemic availability of o,p'-DDD in normal dogs, fasted and fed, and in dogs
      with hyperadrenocorticism.
AB  - The systemic availability of o,p'-DDD was studied in 12 normal dogs and seven
      dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH). The drug was given by
      mouth at 50 mg kg-1 and plasma o,p'-DDD concentrations were determined by gas
      liquid chromatography. First, six normal dogs were given the drug three times at
      intervals of one week in a Latin square pattern. Systemic drug availability was
      found to be very poor from intact tablets in fasted dogs, better with pure drug
      dissolved in maize oil given by stomach tube, and best with ground tablets mixed
      in oil poured on dog food. Then six normal dogs and five with PDH were given one
      dose of o,p'-DDD as intact tablets in dog food. Systemic drug availability was
      good in the normal animals and, for unknown reasons, better in dogs with PDH. The
      half-time of elimination was shorter in dogs with PDH than in normal ones. There
      was evidence of a gradual rise in plasma o,p'-DDD concentrations in seven dogs
      with PDH treated with 25 mg kg-1 every 12 hours for 14 or 20 days. The
      interaction between food and o,p'-DDD probably contributes to the variation in
      clinical response of dogs treated with the drug. The efficiency of therapy with
      o,p'-DDD should be improved considerably by administering the drug with food.

PMID- 3685629
TI  - Effect of tetracycline administration on the efficacy of diminazene aceturate
      therapy and prophylaxis in Trypanosoma brucei infections of mice.
AB  - The simultaneous administration, to Trypanosoma brucei infected mice, of
      rolitetracycline or oxytetracycline and diminazene aceturate appeared to have no
      effect on the initial trypanocidal action of the diminazene aceturate in that
      trypanosomes were cleared from the circulation. It also had no effect on the
      duration of the aparasitaemic period which follows diminazene aceturate treatment
      and the mice remained free of circulating trypanosomes for some time. However, if
      used prophylactically, relatively large amounts of tetracyclines (4 x 10 mg kg-1)
      administered with 40 mg kg-1 diminazene aceturate caused a reduction of the
      prophylactic period compared with those mice given only diminazene aceturate.
      This reduction in the prophylactic period is unlikely to have any practical
      significance in the combination diminazene aceturate/tetracycline treatment of
      domestic animals as diminazene aceturate is used therapeutically and not
      prophylactically in the control of trypanosomiasis.

PMID- 3685630
TI  - Isolation of influenza A viruses from migratory waterfowl in San-in District,
      western Japan in the winter of 1983-1984.
AB  - Certain species of winter migratory waterfowl in San-in District, western Japan,
      were surveyed for influenza virus from November 1983 to March 1984. Faeces of the
      waterfowl were collected regularly at five stations. Eleven influenza A viruses
      including H5N3 and H10N4 subtypes were isolated from 450 faecal samples from
      whistling swans, 28 viruses including H2N2 and H10N4 subtypes were isolated from
      362 faecal samples from pintails; and subtype H13N6 was isolated from 240 faecal
      samples of black-tailed gulls.

PMID- 3685631
TI  - Isotype-specific ELISAs for the detection of antibodies to bovine respiratory
      syncytial virus.
AB  - Isotype-specific ELISAs for the detection of antibodies to bovine respiratory
      syncytial virus (BRSV) are described. BRSV-specific IgG1 and IgG2 were determined
      in indirect double antibody sandwich assays. For IgA and IgM antibody capture
      assays were used. The isotype specificity of the assays was confirmed by the
      observation that samples with a high titre of BRSV-specific antibodies of
      particular isotype were negative in the assays for the other isotypes and vice
      versa. Comparison of the results obtained in the ELISAs and in the virus
      neutralisation test showed that acute phase antibodies were more efficiently
      detected in the latter. It also showed that the presence of BRSV-specific IgA was
      not correlated with neutralising activity in vitro. The serum antibody response
      of BRSV-infected seronegative calves from the field consisted of a nearly
      simultaneous increase of IgM, IgA and IgG1-antibodies in the acute phase of the
      disease, while the IgG2-response followed at various intervals thereafter. In
      young animals with maternal antibodies a different pattern was found. There was
      no increase in IgG1 and IgG2, but six of eight animals showed a weak IgM response
      and two of these six calves also showed a weak and short lasting IgA response.
      Because maternal antibodies are insufficiently effective in protecting calves
      against BRSV, the presence of such antibodies at mucosal surfaces was
      investigated. Maternal immunity was found to be restricted to IgG1 antibodies in
      serum. This agrees with the failure of maternal antibodies to protect mucosal
      surfaces against BRSV infection.

PMID- 3685632
TI  - Evaluation of growth of avian mycoplasmas on bile salt agar and in bile broth.
AB  - All nine Mycoplasma iowae strains and one strain of M gallinarum grew on 0.05 per
      cent 'bile' agar medium. The colony size of M iowae on this agar medium was
      similar to the size obtained on bile-free mycoplasma agar. One strain each of M
      maculosum, M arginini and M bovis also grew on 0.05 per cent bile agar. However,
      one strain each of M gallisepticum and M meleagridis were inhibited at this
      concentration. Six of the nine strains of M iowae were also resistant to 1 per
      cent 'bile' in broth medium but all were resistant to 0.5 per cent. The
      resistance of M iowae to 0.5 per cent 'bile' in broth may be a useful
      characteristic for differentiating it from some of the other avian mycoplasmas.

PMID- 3685633
TI  - Excretion and transformation of [14C] penitrem mycotoxins in sheep bile.
AB  - [14C] penitrem A (1.1 mg) was given intravenously to a sheep under barbiturate
      anaesthesia. The radioactivity was almost completely excreted in the bile within
      four hours but the penitrem had been transformed to more polar products. [14C]
      penitrem E (4.5 mg) was eliminated similarly. Incubation of the penitrems with
      sheep or rat liver homogenate did not result in any metabolic products. However,
      in sheep bile, whether previously boiled or not, complete transformation to more
      polar products occurred spontaneously within seven hours at 37 degrees C, and
      apparently non-enzymic process which seems to be a novel attribute of bile.

PMID- 3685634
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of three sulphonamides in ruminant and preruminant kids.
AB  - The pharmacokinetic properties of three sulphonamides were determined in ruminant
      and preruminant kids after oral and intravenous administration. First,
      sulphisomidine (SIM, 50 mg kg-1) and sulphadoxine (SDX, 30 mg kg-1) were given to
      seven kids, 10 to 12 weeks old, while on a milk replacer diet and again at 15 to
      18 weeks when fed roughage. Secondly, SIM (100 mg kg-1) and sulphadimidine (SDD,
      100 mg kg-1) were given at six to nine, 12 to 15 and 18 to 21 weeks old to eight
      kids, of which four were fed milk replacer and four were with their mothers (with
      access to roughage) until 15 weeks, after which all were fed roughage only. SDX
      and SDD exhibited non-linear (or capacity limited) absorption after oral dosage,
      suggesting possible active absorption mechanisms, and both drugs also showed non
      linear elimination. Intravenous curves for SDD and SIM indicated that recycling
      occurred. With SDX, ruminant kids showed poorer systemic availability after oral
      dosage, shorter t1/2(el) and higher B than did preruminants. For SDD, ruminant
      kids had lower Vd and higher B than preruminants. SIM's t1/2(el) tended to
      shorten and beta to increase in both groups throughout the experiment. Not all
      differences between ruminants and preruminants in sulphonamide pharmacokinetics
      could be explained by the accumulation of acidic forestomach contents and the
      change of urine pH from acid to alkaline in the maturing ruminant. Other
      potential contributing factors require investigation, including possible
      alterations in hepatic drug metabolism. Of the three drugs tested, SDX might be
      the most satisfactory for therapeutic use in preruminant animals, because it has
      good bioavailability after oral administration and long t1/2(el).

PMID- 3685635
TI  - Detection of immune response in rabbits infested with Rhipicephalus
      appendiculatus and Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi.
AB  - Two groups of rabbits infested repeatedly with Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi and
      R appendiculatus acquired resistance as evidenced by reduced ectoparasite
      engorged weights and development of anti-tick antibodies in the hosts. The enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using salivary gland antigens of R
      appendiculatus was able to detect antibody responses to both the homologous and
      heterologous tick challenges. It was concluded that the immune response in hosts
      infested by these two tick species stimulates the production of antibodies which
      show cross reactions.

PMID- 3685636
TI  - Lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes in the tissues and sera of clinically
      normal dogs.
AB  - The total activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the percentage distribution
      of its isoenzymes in the tissues and sera of clinically normal adult dogs are
      presented. Total LDH activity was greatest in skeletal muscle followed by heart
      muscle, kidney, small intestinal mucosa, liver, lung, pancreas and bone. Each
      tissue had a unique isoenzyme pattern and the proportions of the isoenzymes in
      serum suggested that liver is the source of normal serum LDH. The tissue
      isoenzyme patterns were similar to those obtained by other authors in human
      beings, horses, cattle, sheep and cats although in liver, differences between
      ruminants and monogastric animals including dogs were evident. The data presented
      provide a basis for the interpretation of serum LDH isoenzyme patterns in canine
      disease.

PMID- 3685637
TI  - Amount and distribution of vestibular-associated lymphoid tissue in calves and
      adult cows.
AB  - Normal reproductive tracts were obtained from 11 adult cows, five eight-week-old
      and five six-week-old heifer calves. Lymphoid nodules and aggregations (loci)
      were localised in vestibules by immersion in 2 per cent acetic acid. Adults had
      significantly more loci (P less than 0.001) than eight- or six-week-old calves,
      there being means of 194.6, 44.2 and 7.4 loci per vestibule, respectively. In all
      age groups there was a greater concentration (number cm-2) of loci along the
      median ventral groove than the side walls (P less than 0.001), and in the caudal
      third of the vestibule than in the middle or cranial thirds (P less than 0.001).
      The concentrations of loci were the same in adults and eight-week-old calves but
      significantly lower in six-week-old calves (P less than 0.01).

PMID- 3685638
TI  - Changes in the concentrations of bile acids in the plasma of sheep with liver
      damage.
AB  - The concentration of total plasma bile acids was measured in normal sheep and in
      sheep in which liver damage was induced by chronic copper poisoning, ligated bile
      ducts or induced ketosis. All three treatments produced a rise in total bile acid
      concentration in plasma which was proportional to the degree of hepatic damage
      seen histologically and which tended to parallel changes in activity of iditol,
      and glutamate dehydrogenase and aspartate amino-transferase in plasma. Plasma
      bile acid concentration was a more sensitive method of detecting these types of
      liver damage than was the measurement of total plasma bilirubin concentration,
      and could be used to assess alterations in liver function in sheep.

PMID- 3685639
TI  - Preparation of a bovine monoclonal antibody to testosterone by interspecies
      fusion.
AB  - This communication reports the first successful attempt to produce a hybridoma
      cell line secreting bovine immunoglobulin to a small hapten, starting with
      peripheral blood lymphocytes, rather than spleen or lymph node cells. A
      heteromyeloma line, sensitive to selective media, was made by fusing NS1/1-Ag4-1
      mouse myeloma cells with bovine peripheral blood lymphocytes. This cell line was
      then fused with blood lymphocytes from a steer immunised with a testosterone
      immunogen. Cell cultures were screened using an ELISA specific for bovine
      antibodies to testosterone. Following repeated cloning, a cell line was
      established which secretes moderate levels of a specific, high affinity antibody
      to testosterone. This particular cell line has significant potential for
      veterinary application and the successful fusion demonstrates the possibilities
      of heteromyelomas for the development of non-murine monoclonal antibodies.

PMID- 3685641
TI  - Measurement of class specific antibody against cryptosporidium in serum and
      faeces from experimentally infected calves.
AB  - Anti-cryptosporidium antibody levels were measured in serum and faeces of
      experimentally infected calves. In serum, IgG was detectable six days after
      infection and remained elevated throughout infection. IgA and IgM in serum showed
      little change. IgG, IgA and IgM levels all rose in the faeces five or six days
      after infection and reached a peak between days 8 and 14 after infection and then
      declined.

PMID- 3685640
TI  - Use of two polysaccharide antigens in ELISA for the detection of antibodies to
      Echinococcus granulosus in sheep sera.
AB  - Polysaccharide antigens were obtained from either the secretions produced during
      in vitro cultivation of Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces or from mouse
      hydatid cyst membranes by phenol extraction. When either of these antigens was
      used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibody activities were detected in
      sera from sheep infected 27 or more weeks earlier with at least 100 E granulosus
      eggs. These antibody responses were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than
      those of sheep infected with Taenia hydatigena or T ovis and tested with the E
      granulosus antigens. Very high cross-reacting antibody responses in sera from
      sheep recently infected with T hydatigena were only detected with the
      protoscoleces secretions antigen. Neither antigen was sufficiently sensitive or
      specific for serodiagnostic use. However, when sera were first tested with one
      antigen and then with the other, and only sera that were positive in both tests
      were regarded as positive, the overall sensitivity and specificity of this two
      antigen method increased to about 80 per cent.

PMID- 3685642
TI  - Resistance of sheep to laboratory infestations of the tick, Ixodes ricinus.
AB  - The development of tick resistance was studied in three one-year-old female
      Galway cross ewes which received up to three staggered infestations of 100 adult
      pairs of Ixodes ricinus. Sheep acquired resistance after the first infestation
      and the ticks showed suppressed feeding and oviposition success. The histology of
      tick-bite lesions revealed a cellular infiltrate consisting predominantly of
      neutrophils and this was followed by the infiltration and degranulation of
      basophils. Mononuclear cells accompanied basophil infiltration and then dominated
      the cellular infiltrate. Eosinophils infiltrated tick-bite lesions in
      considerable numbers especially in the tertiary infestation, in which
      degranulation of mast cells and basophils was also most rapid.

PMID- 3685643
TI  - Therapeutic and prophylactic activity of isometamidium chloride in Boran cattle
      against Trypanosoma vivax transmitted by Glossina morsitans centralis.
AB  - Ten Boran steers were infected with Trypanosoma vivax, transmitted by Glossina
      morsitans centralis; five steers with a T vivax clone from Nigeria and five with
      a T vivax clone from Kenya. Eleven days after infection all 10 animals were
      treated with 0.5 mg kg-1 isometamidium chloride. Four steers infected with the
      Nigerian T vivax and all five infected with the Kenyan T vivax were completely
      cured. When different steers received a single prophylactic dose of 0.5 mg kg-1
      isometamidium chloride and subjected to monthly tsetse-transmitted challenge with
      the same T vivax clones, complete protection was afforded for at least two months
      against challenge with the Nigerian T vivax, but for less than one month against
      the Kenyan T vivax. The findings indicate that the level of sensitivity of a T
      vivax population to the prophylactic activity of isometamidium chloride cannot be
      concluded from sensitivity studies based on the therapeutic action of the drug.

PMID- 3685644
TI  - Humoral antibody response of rabbits to Rhipicephalus appendiculatus infestation.
AB  - Rabbits infested four times in succession with adult Rhipicephalus appendiculatus
      developed anti-tick antibodies, demonstrated by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay, following primary infestation and increased by subsequent infestations.
      Maximum antibody activity was detected after the third infestation while lower
      ixodid engorged weights occurred from the second infestation onwards. The
      antibody activity stimulated by the fourth application of ticks was slightly less
      than that of the third infestation. A slight reduction in antibody activity
      occurred in the hosts during a tick-free period of 24 days after the third
      challenge.

PMID- 3685645
TI  - [Humidification and humidifiers].

PMID- 3685646
TI  - [Extra-anatomic bypass].

PMID- 3685647
TI  - [A computer controlled general anesthesia equipment--systematic development].

PMID- 3685648
TI  - [Usefulness of electrocardiographic negative U-wave in patients with chronic
      right ventricular overload].

PMID- 3685649
TI  - [A case of ankylosing spondylitis associated with aortic insufficiency and mitral
      regurgitation].

PMID- 3685650
TI  - [Surgical indication in patients with congenital cardiac defects assessed by open
      lung biopsy findings: the result of surgical repair in a patient with atrial
      septal defect and pulmonary hypertension].

PMID- 3685651
TI  - [Post infarction apical aneurysm with pressure gradient between aneurysm and
      normal left ventricular cavity and with normal coronary arteriogram].

PMID- 3685652
TI  - Inspiratory aerodynamic valving in goose lungs depends on gas density and
      velocity.
AB  - The non-reversing gas flow pattern in the avian lung has been attributed to
      'aerodynamic valves'. A fundamental property of all aerodynamic valves is their
      dependence on inertial forces in the gas stream: sufficient reduction of inertial
      forces will cause aerodynamic valves to fail. If valving in the avian lung is
      aerodynamic, it should fail when gas stream momentum is reduced. We tested the
      dependence of the inspiratory valves in the goose lung on gas density and gas
      flow velocity. A bolus of tracer gas was placed in the tracheal cannula during an
      end-expiratory pause. Tracer gas appearance in a cranial air sac during the
      following inspiration and pause was used to deduce failure of the 'inspiratory
      valve' in cyclically ventilated geese. Little or no tracer entered the sac under
      control conditions, which approximated resting breathing, indicating highly
      effective valving. Lower flow rate or lower gas density caused increased tracer
      appearance, indicating valve failure. These results demonstrate the importance of
      gas inertial forces to normal valve function, and are direct evidence for the
      aerodynamic nature of the avian inspiratory valve.

PMID- 3685653
TI  - The effect of a proximal compliance on interrupter measurements of resistance.
AB  - The interrupter method for measuring respiratory system resistance involves
      rapidly interrupting flow at the airway opening while measuring the pressure just
      distal to the site of interruption. In general, the pressure signal obtained
      exhibits an initial rapid change (delta Pinit) accompanied by rapid damped
      oscillations, followed by a further slow change to a steady-state plateau level.
      Delta Pinit is thought to principally reflect the resistance of the pulmonary
      airways Raw. We have developed a computer model capable of simulating the main
      features observed in an interrupter pressure signal. We show that the distinct
      phases in the pressure signal can be obscured by the existence of a compliant
      compartment between the airways and the occluding valve (e.g. the cheeks and
      pharynx) when Raw is increased. Our results suggest that supporting the cheeks
      may enable one to estimate Raw with the interrupter technique in the presence of
      mild to moderate bronchoconstriction, but that with severe bronchoconstriction
      (Raw increased 10-fold above normal) it may not be possible.

PMID- 3685654
TI  - Exercise-induced changes in functional residual capacity.
AB  - We used a helium-rebreathe technique in nine healthy subjects to determine the
      effects of exercise intensity and duration on end-expiratory lung volume (EELV).
      The rebreathe functional residual capacity (FRC) technique was shown: (a) to be
      similar to that measured in the body plethysmograph, at rest; (b) to agree
      closely with volitionally induced changes in EELV as determined by inductance
      plethysmography, at rest; (c) to be reproducible within subjects between trials
      conducted at rest or exercise on different days (r = 0.96, coefficient of
      variation +/- 3%); (d) to correlate significantly with coincident changes in end
      expiratory esophageal pressure from rest to exercise, with increasing exercise
      intensity and over time at a constant exercise load. Exercise-induced reductions
      in EELV occurred in all subjects, averaging 0.3 L (-0.1 to -0.7 L) in light
      exercise and 0.79 L (-0.5 to -1.2 L) in heavy or maximum exercise. This reduction
      in EELV accounted for slightly more than one-half of the increase in VT during
      light exercise and slightly less than one-half of the increased VT in heavy
      exercise. In heavy prolonged exercise lasting 8-15 min, EELV fell in the initial
      2 min and was either sustained at this reduced level or fell further with
      exercise duration to exhaustion. We found that FRC was reduced even in very light
      exercise when changes in TE and VE from rest were minimal; further reductions in
      EELV occurred as end-inspiratory lung volume increased and expiratory time
      shortened with increasing exercise intensity and duration. Based on these types
      of changes we speculate that active expiration during exercise in humans may be
      controlled by a combination of locomotor-related feed-forward and lung volume
      related feed-back mechanisms.

PMID- 3685655
TI  - Laryngeal motoneurone activity in the rabbit during asphyxic gasping.
AB  - Unitary activity was recorded from 44 recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and 18
      external laryngeal nerve (ELN) motoneurones in anaesthetized, paralysed rabbits
      during the development of periods of severe asphyxia caused by temporarily
      interrupting artificial ventilation. Ventilation was only recommenced when a
      simultaneously recorded phrenic neurogram showed the animal had attempted several
      gasps. Inspiratory-phased fibres (17 RLN, 14 ELN) displayed brief high frequency
      discharges with each gasp. Some inspiratory-phased ELN motoneurones (6/14) also
      displayed longer tonic discharges after each of the first few gasps. In the
      expiratory intervals immediately following each gasp many expiratory-phased
      fibres (13/21 RLN, 2/4 ELN) were active and 7 RLN fibres discharged a long train
      of impulses with a decrementing discharge pattern. In 3 anaesthetized rabbits,
      breathing spontaneously through a tracheostomy, a constant airflow was directed
      up through the larynx; successive gasps were associated with wide swings in
      translaryngeal pressure which were confirmed visually as reflecting rapid
      dilation of the glottis during gasps and intense constriction in the intervals
      between gasps.

PMID- 3685656
TI  - The increased expiratory muscle use in upright dogs: role of cardiovascular
      receptors.
AB  - A change from the supine to upright posture in anesthetized dogs promotes
      increased expiratory muscle use during breathing. To examine the role of
      cardiovascular receptors in eliciting this expiratory muscle recruitment, the
      electromyographic (EMG) activity of the triangularis sterni (TS) and abdominal
      external oblique (EO) muscles was recorded in seven spontaneously breathing
      animals during head up tilting and during occlusion of the inferior vena cava.
      Head up tilting was associated with a reduction in cardiac output, a transient
      fall in systemic blood pressure, and considerable increases in TS and EO
      expiratory EMG activity. On an average (mean +/- SE), the amount of TS and EO
      expiratory activity in the supine posture was 44.7 +/- 12.9 and 10.3 +/- 7.3%,
      respectively, of the activity recorded in the 80 degree head up posture. When
      occlusion of the inferior vena cava in the supine animals induced a reduction in
      cardiac output and a fall in systemic blood pressure that were comparable to
      those measured during head up tilting, the TS and EO expiratory EMG activity also
      increased. This activity, however, always remained smaller than that recorded
      during breathing in the upright posture; for the seven animals, the amount of TS
      and EO expiratory activity during vena cava occlusion was only 58.4 +/- 5.7 and
      17.9 +/- 10.4% of the activity in upright posture, respectively (P less than
      0.001 for both muscles). We conclude, therefore, that the reduced venous return
      and systemic hypotension of the upright posture are not the critical sensory
      events for promoting the increased expiratory muscle use in this posture. It
      must, therefore, be elicited by respiratory receptors.

PMID- 3685657
TI  - Adolescent sports medicine: medical aspects.

PMID- 3685658
TI  - The evolution of sports medicine.

PMID- 3685659
TI  - The preparticipation, sport-specific athletic profile examination.

PMID- 3685660
TI  - Eating for competing.
AB  - Many adolescent athletes take nutritional supplements in the hope that such
      supplements will make them better athletes. Protein supplements will not build
      muscles unless the athlete is not ingesting adequate amounts of protein in food.
      Vitamins and mineral supplements will not improve performance unless the athlete
      suffers from a deficiency. No nutritional supplement contains any ingredient that
      cannot be obtained from food. However, following the scientific principles
      outlined in this article, on what and when to eat foods and drink fluids, can
      improve athletic performance.

PMID- 3685661
TI  - Fungal diseases.

PMID- 3685662
TI  - Self-limited blastomycosis: a report of 39 cases.
AB  - We report 39 patients with pulmonary blastomycosis who were not treated with
      specific antifungal chemotherapy. Fourteen of these patients were recognized
      during an epidemic of blastomycosis in 1972 and did not have culturally proven
      disease. The remaining 25 patients were all proven instances of blastomycosis, 24
      of whom had pulmonary disease only. Over a median observation period of 42 months
      (range: 12 to 168) one patient relapsed 52 months after the original diagnosis,
      while all of the others have remained clinically well. It is our belief that
      certain patients with blastomycosis limited to the lungs may safely be followed
      without specific antifungal chemotherapy until clearing occurs. These include
      patients with mild or no symptoms and those who have been more symptomatic but
      are already improving when the diagnosis is established. Worsening of the
      clinical picture, or evidence of extrapulmonary disease requires immediate
      antifungal chemotherapy.

PMID- 3685663
TI  - Pulmonary defense mechanisms.

PMID- 3685664
TI  - Overview of pneumonia in the compromised host.

PMID- 3685665
TI  - Respiratory infections in the immunocompromised host.

PMID- 3685666
TI  - Recent advances in mycobacterial research and management.

PMID- 3685667
TI  - Drug-resistant tuberculosis.
AB  - Management of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is challenging. In areas with high
      prevalence of drug-resistant TB, we recommend starting all patients with active
      TB on the standard four or five drug regimens. For patients with acquired drug
      resistance due to prior inadequate therapy, we advocate thorough evaluation of
      history and drug susceptibility followed by individualized regimens of at least
      three drugs. Drugs are most effective if the patient has never received them
      before and if the patient's tubercle bacilli are susceptible to them in vitro.
      Retreatment regimens are of long duration and often there are adverse drug
      reactions. These factors must be put into perspective because options for
      alternate therapy may be limited. Compliance must be assured.

PMID- 3685668
TI  - Skin testing in the diagnosis of tuberculosis.
AB  - The tuberculin skin test is based on the expression of delayed hypersensitivity
      to tuberculoprotein following a mycobacterial infection. Unfortunately, the
      antigens used in such testing are crudely prepared and variable. Confounding the
      reliability of the test are the additional variables of the hosts' varying
      responses to the antigen and of the technical aspects of application and reading.
      These elements combine to make the tuberculin skin test a semiquantitative tool
      at best. In recent experience, approximately 20% of patients with active
      tuberculosis failed to manifest a positive skin test. Thus, caution should be
      exercised in using the skin test to rule out tuberculosis. When used to conduct
      epidemiological studies, group surveillance, or contact investigations, factors
      such as waning and small but significant reactions must be considered in
      interpreting the data.

PMID- 3685670
TI  - Lower respiratory tract infections in children. Introduction.

PMID- 3685669
TI  - Treatment of tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus infection.

PMID- 3685671
TI  - Pediatric pulmonary infections.

PMID- 3685672
TI  - Community-acquired pneumonia in children.
AB  - The clinical findings and etiologic agents of childhood pneumonia vary, dependent
      upon the age of the child, with major differences seen in neonates, young infants
      1 to 3 months of age, older infants or young children 3 months to 5 years of age,
      and older children or adolescents. Appropriate medical management and antibiotic
      therapy of children with pneumonia require consideration of these various age
      dependent factors. Commonly the bacterial or viral etiologic agent causing
      community-acquired childhood pneumonia is not identified and thus antibiotic
      therapy is based on the probability of the most likely causative organisms. The
      choice of antibiotic for continuation of therapy is based on the clinical
      response to empiric therapy.

PMID- 3685673
TI  - Antiviral chemotherapy for pneumonia in children.
AB  - The development of antiviral drugs is changing the specific treatment of viral
      pneumonias. Today the clinician is able to diagnose the cause of some viral
      pneumonias early enough that specific therapy can be initiated. Although
      symptomatic treatment remains an important component of therapy, specific
      antiviral drugs are playing a more important role. No single antiviral agent has
      been demonstrated effective against all respiratory viruses. Some antiviral
      agents appear to be more effective used as prophylaxis or to prevent
      dissemination of disease; while others lessen symptoms, duration of illness, and
      viral shedding. Spectrum of activity, dosage, adverse reaction, and cost of the
      approved antiviral drugs useful in viral pneumonia is presented.

PMID- 3685674
TI  - Special considerations in anesthesia.

PMID- 3685675
TI  - Update on renal physiology II.

PMID- 3685676
TI  - Potassium metabolism.

PMID- 3685677
TI  - [The extent of the collaboration of the Office of Graduate Affairs with the
      Revista Medico-Chirurgicala].

PMID- 3685678
TI  - [Neuropsychic manifestations in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis].

PMID- 3685679
TI  - [The importance of a family ecosystem model in the recovery of health].

PMID- 3685680
TI  - [Expert systems: artificial intelligence + cognitive science].

PMID- 3685681
TI  - [Man and night work. IV. Assistance in occupational medicine].

PMID- 3685682
TI  - [The heart in anemia].

PMID- 3685683
TI  - [Asthma in medical practice].

PMID- 3685684
TI  - [Psychological significances in medical assistance].

PMID- 3685685
TI  - [Pharmacodynamic testing of Romanian-produced amitriptyline].

PMID- 3685686
TI  - [Clinical considerations regarding the use of maprotiline in psychiatric
      treatment].

PMID- 3685687
TI  - [Total vaginal hysterectomy, an elective procedure for resolving total genital
      prolapse].

PMID- 3685688
TI  - [Elastic rods as valuable osteosynthesis material in fractures of the
      trochanter].

PMID- 3685689
TI  - [Epidemiologic observations on the association between various types of stress
      and other risk factors in arterial hypertension].

PMID- 3685690
TI  - [Viral hepatitis B among schoolchildren in the County of Iasi].

PMID- 3685691
TI  - [Morphologic research on heart changes in ethyl poisoning].

PMID- 3685692
TI  - [Oxidase activity at the erythrocyte level].

PMID- 3685693
TI  - [Cytogenetic changes induced in vivo by exposure to sodium nitrate].

PMID- 3685694
TI  - [Cytogenetic effects induced experimentally by natulan].

PMID- 3685695
TI  - [Immunotherapeutic quality of medicinal plants].

PMID- 3685696
TI  - [Various aspects of oral pathology in an industrial plant].

PMID- 3685697
TI  - [Cancer of the gastric stump].

PMID- 3685698
TI  - [Perforated gastroduodenal ulcer in the aged].

PMID- 3685699
TI  - [Considerations on drug nomenclator during the past 20 years].

PMID- 3685700
TI  - [Research regarding the action of a derivative of the clofibric acid series on
      lipid metabolism].

PMID- 3685701
TI  - Rational for clinical application of hyperthermia and drugs.

PMID- 3685702
TI  - [Treatment with E ovules in postmenopausal colpocystopathies].

PMID- 3685703
TI  - LYMPHEV (II). Histological code identification corresponding to the working
      formulation system of non Hodgkin's lymphomas and their implementation within the
      LYMPHEV system.

PMID- 3685704
TI  - [Chronic systemic lupus erythematosus with vitiligoid lesions].

PMID- 3685705
TI  - [Correlation between the arterial and pyelocaliceal systems].

PMID- 3685706
TI  - [The veins of the heart. II. Functional anatomy of the coronary sinus and its
      implications in pathology].

PMID- 3685707
TI  - [Role of education in the edification process of the multilaterally developed
      socialist society].

PMID- 3685708
TI  - [Present status of the problem of splenectomy].

PMID- 3685709
TI  - [Pathogenic interferences between Candida infections and several endocrine
      diseases].

PMID- 3685710
TI  - [Pharmacokinetic characteristics during the period of pregnancy].

PMID- 3685711
TI  - Human monoclonal cryoimmunoglobulins. II. Comparative studies on the carbohydrate
      contents and compositions of cryoglobulins and myeloma proteins.
AB  - The carbohydrate contents and compositions of cryoglobulins and myeloma proteins
      were comparatively investigated by gas-liquid chromatographic and colorimetric
      analyses. Human monoclonal cryoglobulins, Jir (IgG3 kappa), Wat (IgG3 lambda),
      Fji (IgM kappa), and human myeloma proteins, Har (IgGl kappa) and Kob (IgA kappa)
      were used for the present experiments. The results obtained were that the
      carbohydrate contents of Jir and Wat were 2.7 and 4.4% in weight basis; the N
      acetyl glucosamine of Wat was almost two times higher than that of Jir and no
      sialic acid was found in both of these proteins; the total carbohydrate content
      of Fji was 7.7% and the sialic acid content was 19.3% of the total carbohydrate
      moiety; the myeloma proteins, Har and Kob, contained 5.3 and 10.4% carbohydrate,
      respectively, and sialic acid was detectable in these proteins. These results
      indicate that the carbohydrate contents are variable in each of the proteins, but
      the relative compositions of monosaccharides in individual samples are nearly the
      same, except for Kob containing O-glycosidic carbohydrate linkages. In addition,
      the results showing that sialic acid was detectable in Fji, but not in Jir nor
      Wat, suggested that the lack of terminal carbohydrate residue was not a common
      structural feature of cryoglobulins, and was not responsible for the temperature
      dependent precipitability of these unusual proteins.

PMID- 3685712
TI  - Modification of a conventional bicycle ergometer for underwater use.
AB  - With a few simple modifications, a conventional row-bicycle ergometer could be
      made suitable for underwater use. By attaching three sizes of fins to the pedal
      cranks of the ergometer, work load in water could be achieved to an oxygen
      consumption (VO2) level range of 400 to 2000 ml/min. The preferable range of
      pedaling speeds was 30-40 rpm to maintain a constant speed for a prolonged time.
      When using three different fins VO2 was found to be: VO2 = 254.3 + 4.50n - 0.12n2
      + 0.0030n3 for no fins, VO2 = 250.1 + 8.30n - 0.32n2 + 0.0062n3 for small fins,
      VO2 = 254.0 + 6.10n - 0.24n2 + 0.0068n3 for medium fins, and VO2 = 256.4 + 13.77n
      - 0.72n2 + 0.0131n3 for large fins, when n is the number of pedaling rate. Major
      advantages of this modified ergometer for underwater exercise are 1) the
      modification is simple and the size of the device is small enough to place in a
      tank of a climatic chamber, 2) the ergometer can be biologically calibrated and
      used for a wide range of exercise oxygen uptakes, and 3) a subject can exercise
      in a comfortable upright position.

PMID- 3685713
TI  - Variability of initial cortical sensory evoked potentials to posterior tibial
      nerve stimulation.
AB  - Scalp topographies and distributions of initial cortical positive-negative
      components of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) to posterior tibial nerve
      stimulation were studied in 12 normal controls in order to investigate the
      generator sources of the cortical SEPs. There are three variations in
      topographies and distributions of early cortical SEPs in normal subjects. In 5 of
      12 cases initial cortical positive-negative components were distributed over the
      centro-parietal areas ipsilateral to the stimulation site or midline parasagittal
      areas. The origins of these components are speculated to be vertical dipolar
      generators located at the contralateral interhemispheric fissure. In 5 of 12
      cases P37/N36, and N45/P43 showed a phase reversal between the left and right
      hemispheres and may be generated from horizontal dipoles located at the
      contralateral interhemispheric fissure. In 2 of 12 cases N36 and P43 were
      distributed predominantly over the contralateral hemisphere. Oblique dipolar
      generators located at the contralateral interhemispheric fissure may be oriented
      prominently to the contralateral hemisphere. Normal variations of initial
      cortical positive-negative components of SEPs to posterior tibial nerve
      stimulation should be considered in their clinical applications.

PMID- 3685714
TI  - In vitro effects of monobactams on Legionella pneumophila.
AB  - The effects of azthreonam and carumonam against Legionella pneumophila
      Philadelphia-1 strain in liquid medium and in phagocytic cells were examined. The
      minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of azthreonam for the bacteria was 12.5
      micrograms/ml at a concentration of 1.4 X 10(4) colony forming units (CFU) and 25
      micrograms/ml at a concentration of 1.4 X 10(5) CFU. MIC of carumonam was 25
      micrograms/ml in both concentrations of the bacterial suspension. In guinea pig
      macrophages, both azthreonam and carumonam at a concentration of 100
      micrograms/ml did not inhibit the multiplication of the bacteria.

PMID- 3685715
TI  - [Radiological assessment of metacarpal diaphysis by the microdensitometry method-
      in relation to physiological aging].
AB  - In order to clarify the changes brought about in the bone mineral content by
      physiological aging, a quantitative assessment of bone density seen in X-ray
      pictures was performed by the microdensitometry method. X-ray pictures were taken
      of 490 cases (213 males and 277 females), and 768 second metacarpal bones were
      examined. Indices of the bone mineral content in the male subjects reached their
      peak in the 4th decade and thereafter gradually decreased with aging. In the
      female subjects, they reached their peak in the 3rd decade, gradually decreased
      between the 4th and 5th decade, and showed a marked decrease after the 5th
      decade. Lateralization of the hand was found. D values of the right hand were
      always larger than those of the left hand after the first decade, and
      additionally, delta GSmin, delta GSmax, sigma GS/D values of the right hand were
      much more than those of the left hand between the 4th and 5th decade. These
      results were observed in both sexes. In conclusion, the bone mineral content
      mainly corresponded to age and sex, but handedness was also regarded as an
      important factor in influencing the bone mineral content.

PMID- 3685716
TI  - A statistical study on anatomical variation in the origin of the Japanese
      pectoralis minor muscle.
AB  - The origin of the pectoralis minor muscle of Japanese was studied in the
      dissection practice for medical students in our school of medicine and the
      incidence of the variation of the origin of this muscle was statistically studied
      and compared with that of American whites and American negroes. The most frequent
      types in Japanese were type 2-5 (the pectoralis minor muscle arising from the
      2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th ribs) in males and 2-4 in females on both thoracic sides.
      Type 2-4 in Japanese females was the most frequent among these three ethnological
      groups.

PMID- 3685717
TI  - A case of multiple piloleiomyoma associated with submucosal tumor of the stomach.
AB  - A patient with disseminated type multiple piloleiomyoma is reported. He showed
      multiple painful intradermal nodules on the neck, the back, the chest and the
      back of the left hand. He had a submucosal tumor of the stomach, which was
      thought to be a leiomyoma. Multiple piloleiomyoma with other leiomyoma except for
      uterine myoma is unknown and very rare.

PMID- 3685718
TI  - Intractable diarrhea in infancy--whether infection, zinc deficiency, cholestasis
      and hemorrhage are causes or results?
AB  - Although there has been a marked decrease in the number of infants with
      intractable diarrhea in Japan, the difficulty in treating it still remains
      unchanged. Here we report two infants who suffered presumably from "chronic
      nonspecific enterocolitis" with resistance to the usual treatment. Besides
      prolonged diarrhea and weight loss, they showed manifestations such as infection,
      zinc deficiency, cholestasis, abnormal blood coagulation, etc. In this paper, we
      discuss whether they are causes, effects, results, or coincidences. In spite of
      the reduction of diarrhea after 3 months of age, both babies are even now being
      followed up by us because of their still poor weight gain.

PMID- 3685719
TI  - [A case of erythroplakia of the palate, tongue and gingiva].
AB  - A case of a 58-year-old man with erythroplakia, which occurred in the palate,
      tongue and gingiva, is reported. The histological diagnosis of a biopsy specimen
      was carcinoma in situ. The patient was treated with irradiation (60Co, 5060 cGy)
      and chemotherapy (5-FU, arterial infusion, 6400 mg). The erythema completely
      disappeared following a 6-week therapy, and no atypical cells were histologically
      recognized. There were no signs suggesting recurrence or metastasis during the
      follow-up period of 5 months.

PMID- 3685720
TI  - A cost-function approach to the design of reliability studies.
AB  - We present a method to determine the number of subjects, k, and number of
      repeated measurements, n, that minimize the overall cost of conducting a
      reliability study, while providing acceptable power for tests of hypotheses
      concerning the reliability coefficient rho. Tables showing optimal choices of k
      and n under various cost constraints also appear. We discuss design
      considerations for reliability studies in light of the results.

PMID- 3685721
TI  - Monitoring distributional assumptions and early stopping for a prospective
      clinical trial using Monte Carlo simulation.
AB  - We have applied the technique of Monte Carlo simulation to the determination of
      sample size for a partially completed clinical trial of chemotherapy for breast
      cancer. Simulations based on results observed after the entry of 243 patients in
      2 years indicated a power greater than that predicted by the calculations made
      before the protocol was activated, and allowed a recommendation for an eventual
      trial closure earlier than would have been permitted by traditional methods. Both
      estimative and predictive approaches to the simulation of expected survival times
      for censored patients are presented. The use of simulation is recommended as an
      aid in reassessing the exact nature of the underlying survival distributions (as
      these affect the sample size calculations) and in optimizing stopping rules
      relating to patient accrual to a clinical trial in progress.

PMID- 3685724
TI  - Correcting for regression in assessing the response to treatment in a selected
      population.

PMID- 3685722
TI  - Hypothesis testing of time-dependent recurrent events.
AB  - This paper examines the problem of hypothesis testing for comparison of time
      dependent recurrent events between categorical exposure groups. We compare three
      methods (a summary chi-square test based on a generalization of the simple
      Poisson distribution, a chi-square test based on a generalization of the compound
      Poisson distribution, and a test on risk scores based on individual observed to
      expected ratios), when the dependent variable may be autocorrelated within an
      individual, and disease risk may be heterogeneous among subjects. We present a
      simulation study and an application to a cohort of sickle cell anaemia patients.
      With autocorrelation or heterogeneous risk present, the simple chi-square test is
      inappropriate, while the other two methods perform well. An attraction of the
      risk score method is its relative ease of application.

PMID- 3685723
TI  - Age, period and cohort analysis of trends in mortality from major diseases in
      Japan, 1955 to 1979: peculiarity of the cohort born in the early Showa Era.
AB  - Japanese researchers have reported that recent mortality rates from diabetes
      mellitus, ischemic heart disease, peptic ulcer, cirrhosis of the liver and
      suicide for middle-aged Japanese men have increased by comparison with those for
      other age groups. There has been some controversy over the etiology of this
      unusual trend, and in particular whether it is due primarily to recent
      undesirable socio-economic factors (period effects) or to factors specific to
      these cohorts born in the early Showa Era, around 1925 to 1940 (cohort effects).
      A possible source of this controversy lies in the methods which have been used to
      describe the trends; these are mostly descriptive and graphical. To elucidate
      which factors are responsible for these trends, we analysed the mortality data
      quantitatively applying an age-period-cohort model modified so that period
      effects remain constant within certain age groups but may vary from one age group
      to the next. Although the identifiability problem still occurs in the modified
      model, estimable curvature components of time effects may be used to examine
      these unusual trends. In fact, the peculiarity of the cohort born in the early
      Showa Era was clearly detected by the curvature components of cohort effects for
      these major diseases. These findings are consistent with the 'cohort hypothesis'
      for the recent peculiar trend in Japanese male mortality.

PMID- 3685725
TI  - [Superselective vagotomy in emergencies].

PMID- 3685727
TI  - [A fatal case of lead poisoning in a child].

PMID- 3685726
TI  - [Mastocyte heterogeneity and physiopathology of anaphylactic accidents].

PMID- 3685728
TI  - [A case of pulmonary hemangiopericytoma in a child].

PMID- 3685729
TI  - [The locomotor system. Lower limbs (6). Articulation of the knee: description].

PMID- 3685730
TI  - [The Jouvelet transfusion-accelerator pump].

PMID- 3685731
TI  - [The burn surface. Its assessment and importance].

PMID- 3685732
TI  - [Burns. Initial care].

PMID- 3685733
TI  - [Burns. Ambulatory care].

PMID- 3685734
TI  - [Hospital admission of burn victims].

PMID- 3685735
TI  - [Burns. Epidemiology].

PMID- 3685736
TI  - [Burns. Resuscitation].

PMID- 3685737
TI  - [Surgical treatment of the sequelae of burns].

PMID- 3685738
TI  - [Burns and their rehabilitation].

PMID- 3685739
TI  - [The outcome of burn victims].

PMID- 3685740
TI  - [Compression clothes].

PMID- 3685741
TI  - [Crenotherapy].

PMID- 3685742
TI  - [The social readjustment of burn victims].

PMID- 3685743
TI  - [Burns. Physiopathology].

PMID- 3685744
TI  - [Burns as a local disease. The lesions].

PMID- 3685745
TI  - The effects of hypoxia on slowly adapting type I (SAI) cutaneous mechanoreceptors
      in the cat and rat.
AB  - In whatever mammalian receptor system Merkel cells are found, they are always
      associated with a characteristic slowly adapting response. The role of Merkel
      cells in the transduction process of slowly adapting Type I cutaneous
      mechanoreceptors (SAI receptors or touch domes) of rats and cats was investigated
      by mechanical and electrical stimulation of SAI receptors and their afferent
      fibers in an O2-depleted environment. Circulatory hypoxia was produced either by
      ventilating animals with N2 or by recirculating venous blood around a limb. In
      both these experimental preparations, the results obtained were identical. For
      receptor failure to occur, it was found necessary to have an O2-depleted
      environment on the limb surface. This was achieved by passing N2 into a gas-tight
      polythene sock placed over the limb. Replacement of N2 within the polythene sock
      with O2 was sufficient to bring about receptor recovery, irrespective of arterial
      blood PO2 levels. There was an inverse linear relationship between receptor
      response and time when touch domes were stimulated with N2 around the limb. In
      contrast, the replacement of N2 around the limb with O2 produced an exponential
      increase in the response with time. Correlated with receptor failure was a
      significant reduction in the number of dense-cored vesicles normally found in the
      Merkel cell cytoplasm adjacent to the nerve ending innervating the cell. Receptor
      recovery was associated with a return in the number of dense-cored vesicles back
      to that found in control cells. Hypoxia had no effect on the level of electrical
      stimulation necessary to initiate an action potential in the afferent fiber, even
      though the response of SAI receptors to mechanical stimulation had ceased. The
      results indicate that Merkel cell dense-cored vesicles are necessary for the
      characteristic slowly adapting response of SAI mechanoreceptors and that this may
      be due to the secretion of a transmitter substance stored within the vesicles.

PMID- 3685746
TI  - Sensory innervation of the raccoon forepaw: 3. Cutaneous domains and organization
      of nerves innervating the raccoon forepaw.
AB  - This report summarizes single-fiber and multifiber data from the median, ulnar,
      dorsal ulnar, and superficial radial nerves innervating the raccoon forepaw with
      respect to the cutaneous domains innervated by each nerve. The median nerve was
      found to innervate the ventral surface of the first four digits and the radial
      two-thirds of the palm. Its innervation extended onto digit 5 in some animals.
      The palmar branch of the ulnar nerve innervated digits 4 and 5 and the ulnar half
      of the palm. The superficial radial nerve innervated the dorsal surface of the
      first four digits and the radial two-thirds of the forepaw, whereas the dorsal
      branch of the ulnar nerve innervated the ulnar half of the paw and digits 4 and
      5. Overlap of adjacent nerves was verified in several cases by recording from two
      nerves in the same animal. The domains of the ventral and dorsal nerves
      overlapped at the borders of glabrous and hairy skin, particularly around the
      claws. Fiber types were not strictly grouped within particular fascicles
      according to either spatial or functional characteristics. However, there was a
      tendency toward overrepresentation of different modality and submodality types in
      different fascicles. The relevance of the overlap zones and autonomous zones of
      these nerves to experiments on central effects of peripheral nerve injury is
      discussed.

PMID- 3685747
TI  - Has the amount of spontaneous electrical activity in experimental neuromas been
      overestimated?
AB  - Previous studies of experimental neuromas have indicated that some axons
      terminating in the neuroma exhibit both spontaneous and mechanosensitive
      discharges. Since these spontaneous discharges appear to occur in potentially
      nociceptive axons (A delta and C fibers), it has been speculated that this
      activity may relate to pain that occurs after peripheral nerve injury. Recent
      results from our laboratory have revealed several possible sources of error in
      prior electrophysiological studies of neuromas. Most notably, gallamine, a muscle
      paralyzing agent that has been used in the majority of previous studies of
      experimental neuromas, has profound potassium-channel-blocking properties that
      may increase spontaneous activity in damaged axons. The present study was
      conducted to re-evaluate the incidence of spontaneous activity in experimental
      neuromas, and the fiber types involved in these discharges. A group of 44 male
      Sprague-Dawley rats underwent unilateral saphenous axotomy 1-8 weeks prior to
      acute neurophysiological recording experiments, and 6 additional rats underwent
      acute control recording procedures only. Recording was performed in all animals
      using a modification of the microfilament recording technique to determine the
      conduction velocities (CVs) and origins of spontaneously discharging axons. A
      thorough search for spontaneous discharges was made in each nerve both before and
      after the administration of gallamine. Spontaneous activity was rare in acutely
      severed saphenous nerve and was not significantly affected by gallamine
      administration. In rats with 1- to 4-week-old experimental saphenous neuromas,
      spontaneous activity was rare but was increased by a factor of 12.75 after
      gallamine treatment. Gallamine administration produced significantly more of both
      A alpha beta and A delta activity, compared to control recordings. No spontaneous
      C-fiber activity was found originating in neuromas either before or after
      gallamine. C-fiber spontaneous discharges in the apparently isolated saphenous
      nerve segment had receptive fields in fascia, superficial vasculature, and hairy
      skin of the medial hindlimb. Our conclusions are as follows: (1) Neuromas exhibit
      only rare spontaneous discharges unless exposed to potassium-channel-blocking
      agents; (2) all C-fiber activity recorded in saphenous nerve with a distal
      neuroma is derived from vascular, fascial, and other receptive fields rather than
      from the neuroma; (3) these data are consistent with known clinical phenomena in
      that neuromas are not usually spontaneously painful.

PMID- 3685748
TI  - [Coronary circulation and myocardial metabolism in septic shock. Effects of a
      dobutamine-dopamine combination].

PMID- 3685749
TI  - [Postoperative low cardiac output syndrome].

PMID- 3685750
TI  - [Reconstructive microsurgery].

PMID- 3685751
TI  - Sleep apnea in multiinfarct dementia and Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - Sleep-related hypopneas and apneas were studied in 19 patients with multiinfarct
      dementia (MID), in 21 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and in 26 healthy
      control subjects using the Static Charge-Sensitive Bed (SCSB) method. Demented
      patients had more apneas or hypopneas and more disturbed sleep than the control
      subjects. Over 10 apneas/hypopneas per hour of sleep were detected in 47.5% of
      the demented patients and in 19.2% of the control subjects (p less than 0.05).
      Restlessness comprised 46.7% of the time in bed in patients with AD and 49.6% in
      those with MID, but only 102.% in the control subjects (p less than 0.001,
      controls versus demented). The total duration of apneas and hypopneas calculated
      from the total sleeping time was greater than 10% in 60.0% of the demented
      patients and in 15.4% of the control subjects (p less than 0.001). Patients with
      MID tended to have more apneas/hypopneas than those with AD, and apneas/hypopneas
      tended to increase in direct proportion to the severity of dementia. Age had no
      effect on the proportion of apneas and hypopneas among demented patients or
      control subjects, but male controls had more apneas and hypopneas than did female
      controls.

PMID- 3685752
TI  - Sleep spindle activity changes in patients with affective disorders.
AB  - Various polysomnographic sleep patterns are associated with affective disorders,
      but very little is known about sleep spindle characteristics in adult depression.
      In primary endogenous depressive male patients (unipolar, UP, and bipolar, BP)
      with comparable depression scores and in normal control subjects recorded during
      3 consecutive nights, no night effect was observed on the sleep variables
      investigated except for REM latencies of stages 1 and 2. Stage 2 duration and
      variables related to sleep spindle characteristics (the number and the density of
      spindles of 1/2 s; the number and the density of full spindles of stage 2 over
      the 3 nights) were significantly lower in depressed patients than in control
      subjects, the mean number of spindles being lower in UP than in BP patients.
      Sleep spindle measures were clearly negatively correlated with age in the overall
      group (i.e., depressed plus control subjects). They were also negatively
      correlated with the REM latencies of stages 1 and 2 in BP depressed patients,
      whereas this relation was not observed in UP patients.

PMID- 3685753
TI  - Twenty-four-hour sleep-wake function and personality patterns in chronic
      insomniacs and healthy controls.
AB  - A comparison was made between 16 middle-aged chronic insomniacs and 16 normal
      sleepers, matched by age and sex, in a psychophysiological study, including
      polysomnographic night sleep recordings, MMPI personality profiles, testing of
      cognitive performance, and relaxation capability during daytime. Both objective
      and subjective criteria of night sleep demonstrated a clear separation of the two
      groups. Insomniacs had psychosomatic personality profiles. A test for
      unintentional sleep suggested that poor sleep function in insomniacs is related
      to deficient sleep-controlling mechanisms, rather than psychological trait and
      state factors. Only sleep onset difficulties were susceptible to situational
      factors. Daytime performance was not generally impaired in insomniacs, but they
      had greater difficulties in the morning. Subjective daytime sleepiness was
      significantly higher and might represent a particular psychological problem for
      active behavior. Interrelations of various deficiencies in sleep-wake behavior
      seem to delineate specific aspects of the chronic insomniac syndrome.

PMID- 3685754
TI  - Sleep disturbances due to exposure to tone pulses throughout the night.
AB  - Sleep electroencephalograms (EEGs) and subjective reports data were obtained from
      six subjects (male college students) during 2 nights of baseline observation and
      5 experimental nights of exposure to a 90-100 dB, 25 ms, 1,000 c/s tone pulse
      with various interstimulus intervals. The first of the 5 experimental nights
      started with an intertone interval of 80 s. On each of the following 4 nights,
      the intertone interval was fixed at 40-, 10-, 2.5-, or 1-s intervals,
      respectively. With the intensification of noise stimulus by shortening the
      intervals of tone pulses, a progressive disruption of nightly EEG sleep patterns
      was observed as follows: (a) increased frequency of awakenings and sleep stage
      changes during the night, (b) prolonged sleep latency, and (c) increased
      percentage of time spent in stage 1 sleep. However, total sleep time, REM
      latency, inter-REM intervals, and the percentages of time in stages 2, 3, 4, and
      REM sleep did not change significantly. The degree of subjective sleep
      disturbance was highly associated with objective measures of nightly EEG sleep
      patterns.

PMID- 3685755
TI  - The thematic continuity of mental sleep experience in the same night.
AB  - It has been found that the contents of mental sleep experience (MSE) in rapid eye
      movement (REM) sleep are often interrelated. The aim of this study was to see
      whether this interrelatedness is better accounted for by the hypothesis that the
      mental sleep experience interrupted by provoked awakening is resumed when the
      subject returns to sleep (resumption), or by the hypothesis that the same
      contents are elaborated repeatedly throughout the night (iterative processing).
      We also aimed to gain some information as to the processes by which contents
      previously stored in memory are retrieved and inserted into the current MSE. Ten
      subjects were awakened 4 times on each of 4 nights after 9 min of REM sleep, and
      the contents of all the possible pairings of reports were scored and compared
      with respect to the factors "night" (same/different), "report continguity"
      (contiguous/noncontinguous reports), "unit interrelated" (lexical/propositional),
      and "interrelationship" (paradigmatic/syntagmatic). Both the occurrences and the
      frequencies of interrelations were greater for same night pairs than for
      different night pairs, but without significant differences between contiguous and
      noncontiguous pairs: these data provide support for the iterative processing
      hypothesis. The units interrelated in pairs of reports are more frequently at a
      lexical than a propositional level and show more paradigmatic than syntagmatic
      interrelationships: these data suggest that the reelaboration of contents of
      previous MSEs occurs mainly at a local level, making for the coherence, rather
      than the thematic, progression of the MSE narrative.

PMID- 3685756
TI  - Reliability of NPT scoring and visual estimates of erectile fullness.
AB  - We report the reliability of nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) scoring and visual
      estimates of erectile fullness performed by a group of eight registered
      polysomnographic technologists (RPSGTs). We achieved overall good to excellent
      interrater reliability (as measured by coefficients of variation, CVs) for seven
      widely used electrographic measures of NPT activity: number of episodes,
      categorization of episodes (full or partial), total tumescence changes, tip
      change, base change, duration of episode, and duration of 80% maximum tumescence.
      In two different visual estimate trials using photographs, separated by 2 weeks,
      female technologists (n = 4) made mean visual estimates of erectile fullness that
      were significantly higher than those of male technologists (n = 4). In addition,
      the CVs among the female technologists on visual estimates was consistently lower
      than those of the males. Higher correlations, however, were found between male
      technologists' estimates of fullness versus buckling force than for female
      technologists' estimates. Thus, the gender of a technologist may affect visual
      estimates of erectile fullness during NPT assessment.

PMID- 3685758
TI  - Infectious disease rounds: headache, diminished mentation, and leg pain.

PMID- 3685757
TI  - Do nocturnal penile tumescence recordings alter electroencephalographic sleep?
AB  - While concurrent monitoring of sleep is considered to be a necessary component of
      evaluating nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT), in order to ensure that NPT data
      are not invalidated by fragmented sleep or diminished REM sleep, it is not known
      whether NPT recording itself disrupts sleep beyond the expected first night
      effect. In this study of 42 outpatient men with major depression and 36 normal
      control subjects, we found no effect of NPT recording on measures of sleep
      continuity, proportion of NREM to REM sleep, or REM sleep in either depressed or
      healthy control subjects.

PMID- 3685760
TI  - Perspectives on bacterial pathogenesis and host defense. Proceedings of a
      symposium. April 21-23, 1986, Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany.

PMID- 3685759
TI  - Anaerobic bacteremia in a general hospital: retrospective five-year analysis.
AB  - Anaerobic bacteremia (116 cases) represented 5.4% of the total cases of
      bacteremia in the Hospital Nuestra Senora de Covadonga of Oviedo, Spain, during a
      five-year period (1981-1985). Microbiologic data for all 116 cases and clinical
      data for 63 patients were analyzed. A total of 129 isolates were identified as
      gram-negative bacilli (45.7%), gram-positive bacilli (38.0%), gram-positive cocci
      (14.0%), and gram-negative cocci (2.3%). Bacteroides fragilis and Clostridium
      perfringens were the most frequently occurring species. Anaerobic polymicrobial
      infection was detected in 21 patients. The most relevant clinical features were
      fever (79%), metastatic abscesses (33%), anemia (27%), septic shock (25%), and
      disseminated intravascular coagulation (6%). The overall mortality rate was
      25.4%, and the factors associated with a poor prognosis were age over 60 years,
      lack of adequate surgical treatment, severe underlying disease, metastatic foci,
      and polymicrobial and/or nosocomial infection.

PMID- 3685761
TI  - [Tissue changes caused by the diathermy loop].
AB  - An attempt of classification of the effects induced by electro-resection on the
      squamous epithelium of the cervix is presented. It has been founded on
      predominant features observed on histologic material notably: acantholysis, cells
      segregation by lysis of intercellular bridges and dislodgment of basal cells from
      basement membrane by dissolution of reticulin fibers.

PMID- 3685762
TI  - [Craniopharyngioma. A relatively uncommon etiology for an amenorrhea at the age
      of 45. Apropos of a case].
AB  - In reference to a case of secondary, pseudomenopausal amenorrhea, due to a
      craniopharyngioma discovered late, the need for a complete hypothalamo
      hypophyseal exploration of every secondary, non-uterine, normogonadotrophic
      amenorrhea is reminded. The semiological value of the titration of serum
      prolactin and hypophyseal tests in lesions which are not only hypophyseal but
      also hypothalamic, is emphasized. In conclusion, the determining diagnostic
      contribution of tomodensitometry in tumors of this region is presented.

PMID- 3685763
TI  - [Subcapsular hematoma of the liver secondary to pregnancy toxemia].
AB  - We are reporting a case of spontaneous liver rupture, occurring in a para V, and
      secondary to gravidic toxemia.

PMID- 3685764
TI  - [The general obligation for prudence and diligence on the part of the surgeon and
      obstetrician. A well-established position taken by the Court of Appeals not to be
      neglected].

PMID- 3685765
TI  - [The nurse in hospital hygiene].

PMID- 3685766
TI  - [Alcohol tests and occupational medicine].

PMID- 3685767
TI  - [Incontinence].

PMID- 3685768
TI  - [Nursing education in Quebec].

PMID- 3685769
TI  - [Anxiety disorders and panic states].

PMID- 3685770
TI  - [Permanent study plan: an experiment in decentralization at the Clermont-Ferrand
      University Hospital Center].

PMID- 3685771
TI  - [Planning the nursing process: a professional epic].

PMID- 3685772
TI  - [Magnesium, right or wrong?].

PMID- 3685773
TI  - [Urogenital malformations in children. The psychological aspects].

PMID- 3685774
TI  - [Phlebitis. General aspects. Risk factors].

PMID- 3685775
TI  - [Phlebitis. Complications of peripheral intravenous catheters and microbial
      contamination].

PMID- 3685776
TI  - [Use of Comfeel Ulcus dressings in treating chronic vascular ulcers].

PMID- 3685777
TI  - [Organizational and health financing systems. Health planning].

PMID- 3685778
TI  - [Basic sterilization principles (II)].

PMID- 3685779
TI  - [Accidental punctures in the hospital. Their prevention and treatment].

PMID- 3685780
TI  - [Nutrition and sports (I)].

PMID- 3685781
TI  - [The central venous catheter with various channels (the multilumen catheter].

PMID- 3685782
TI  - [Continuing education. 18. Field: Behavioral sciences. Topic: The psychological
      aspects of nursing].

PMID- 3685783
TI  - Auditory evoked potentials (AEPs), early (BAEPs) and long latency components
      (LLCs) in Parkinson's disease: a 12 month follow-up study.
AB  - In 14 untreated informed patients (5 M, 9 F, mean age 62 yrs) with initial
      idiopathic Parkinson's disease AEPs, early (BAEPs) and long latency components
      (LLCs) were studied. In 10 subjects experimental session were carried out before
      treatment (L-Dopa plus Carbidopa, 0.25-0.50 g/die) and at 2, 6 and 12 months
      intervals. At the same time all patients underwent clinical assessment by Webster
      Rating Scale evaluation. BAEPs. The IPLs prolonged (greater than 2.5 SD) in 6
      patients: in 3 the III-V, in 2 the I-V and in 1 the I-III. The absolute latencies
      were abnormally prolonged in 11 subjects: V wave in 4, III wave in 3, II wave in
      2 and I wave in 3. The absence of one or more components were observed in 12 out
      of 14 patients, the most frequently absent was the II wave (12 patients). LLCs.
      The absolute latencies of P1 and N1 waves were prolonged respectively in 4 and in
      3 subjects. The P1-N1 IPL was prolonged only in one patient. A follow-up study
      demonstrated transitory improvement of the AEPs previously observed
      abnormalities. The improvement was partially in agreement with clinical
      assessment.

PMID- 3685784
TI  - Muscular abnormalities in children with muscular hypotonia and cerebral damage.
AB  - Forty children with hypotonia and non progressive cerebral impairment were
      observed. In all cases muscle morpho-histometric and ultrastructural studies were
      performed, in 13 cases muscular acetylcholinesterase study was carried out. The
      Authors pointed out the high frequency (92% of cases) of muscle abnormalities:
      histochemical alteration of fibre type distribution (type 1 or type 2 fibres
      prevalence, type 2C persistence), diameter change (hypertrophy or hypotrophy of
      the fibres). In 37.5% of the cases, randomly distributed, were also present
      myofibrillar degeneration, Z band streaming, desalignment or marked
      destructuration of the sarcomeres. The muscular acetylcholinesterase study showed
      the same anomalous pattern of molecular forms (11 out of 13 cases), with increase
      of light (6S, 4S) and disappearance of heavy (16S) and medium forms (13S, 10S),
      without significant change of enzymatic activity. The possible alterated
      influence of CNS on muscle fibre differentiation and growth because of abnormal
      neural control is discussed. This hypothesis even if could be related with
      abnormal fibre typing and diameter, do not seem to explain the ultrastructural
      and biochemical abnormalities observed.

PMID- 3685786
TI  - Fifth International Symposium of the Society of Toxicologic Pathologists: "The
      immune system--toxicology and pathology". May 18-21, 1986, Chicago, Illinois.
      Proceedings.

PMID- 3685785
TI  - [Evoked potentials in 3 cases of dystrophia myotonica with neuropathic variant].
AB  - 3 patients with Myotonic Dystrophy (MD) and associated leg motor neuropathy,
      confirmed in two of them by biopsy of one branch of lateral popliteal nerve, were
      studied with Multimodality Evoked Potentials. Abnormalities of VEPs and BAEPs, in
      agreement with literature, were found in all patients. Median SEP peripheral
      conduction velocity, N9-N13 and N13-N20 conduction time were normal. On the
      contrary, all patients showed reduced lower limb SEP peripheral conduction
      velocity niloutstanding normal nerve biopsy. These results suggest in MD
      neurological abnormalities occur outside muscular system, too.

PMID- 3685787
TI  - Structure and function of the immune system.
AB  - The major function of the immune system is to protect the host from environmental
      agents such as microbes or chemicals, thereby preserving the integrity of the
      body. This is done by the recognition of self and response to non-self. The
      immune response has been artificially divided into innate immunity (resistance)
      and specific immunity. Specific immunity is further divided into humoral
      immunity, the one involved with antibody, and cellular immunity, which is
      orchestrated by T cells. It is essential to understand that although these
      divisions have helped in understanding and analyzing the immune response, the
      system functions as a single unit rather than as a separate entity. In this
      paper, a simplified analysis of specific immunity will be given. However, the
      importance of nonspecific immunity, especially as it pertains to its role in
      preventing exposure of environmental substances, should not be forgotten.

PMID- 3685789
TI  - Collaborative multidisciplinary approach to investigation of chemical-induced
      contact dermatitis.
AB  - Immune-mediated contact dermatitis induced by chemicals is a complex biologic
      process, the pathogenesis of which is not completely understood. Some immuno
      dermatotoxins also induce direct dermatotoxicity. This pathogenic complexity
      presents a serious problem if one wishes to screen chemicals for dermatotoxic
      effect and investigate their pathogenic mechanism. Rapid toxicologic assays such
      as the mouse ear swelling test are excellent for detecting chemicals that cause
      contact dermatitis, but are limited for pathogenic investigations. Morphologic
      pathology is important for determining which pathologic reactions are involved,
      but is a relatively crude method for investigating immunobiologic mechanisms.
      Immunobiologic studies are being used for mechanistic investigations, but the
      relevance of many measured end points to assessment of immunotoxicity is still
      unclear. A collaborative multidisciplinary approach involving investigators
      conducting rapid toxicologic screen tests, morphologic pathology and
      immunobiology studies is proposed as a solution. This approach is based on
      complementary integration of the disciplines, and considers the advantages and
      limitations of each specialty.

PMID- 3685788
TI  - In vitro and in vivo methods in immunotoxicology.
AB  - One approach to assessment of the immunotoxic effects of drugs and chemicals upon
      the immune system is briefly described. Appropriate in vivo and in vitro methods
      and techniques are delineated. It is likely that programs implemented at
      individual institutions will be modified to specific circumstances.

PMID- 3685790
TI  - Quantitative immunocytochemistry by digital image analysis: application to
      toxicologic pathology.
AB  - Recent advances in immunocytochemical techniques allow the localization of
      specific antigens in tissue sections. The work reported here attempts to evaluate
      the application of antibody-labeled, disease-related protein, followed by
      microscopy and computerized image analysis. Using an experimental anti-tumor,
      polyclonal antibody (anti-oncomodulin) as a model, various tissues were prepared
      for light microscope immunocytochemistry. Sections were incubated with primary
      antibody, then biotinylated secondary antibody. This was followed by incubation
      with avidin-biotin-peroxidase (ABC method). Marker was visualized by the presence
      of precipitated diaminobenzidine. Samples were evaluated using a Zeiss/Kontron
      IBAS I & II semi-automatic digital image analysis system. Statistical analyses
      were performed on output data. Results demonstrated the localization and
      determined optical density of immunolabel. Statistical comparisons showed
      significant differences between control and experimental sections. The practical
      application of these combined techniques provides the toxicologic pathologist
      with a powerful tool for accurate and objective determination of the location and
      relative amount of selected proteins in normal and abnormal tissues.

PMID- 3685791
TI  - Experimental T-2 toxicosis in swine following inhalation exposure: effects on
      pulmonary and systemic immunity, and morphologic changes.
AB  - Thirty-four, 9- to 11-week-old, male castrated, crossbred, specific pathogen-free
      derived pigs were exposed to a T-2 toxin aerosol at a nebulized dose of 0 or 9
      mg/kg in pairs, each pair consisting of 1 control and 1 T-2 treated pig which
      were exposed on the same day. Twenty to 30% of the toxin (1.8 to 2.7 mg/kg) was
      retained by the pigs. Five pairs were killed on each of 1, 3 and 7 days after
      dosing. Two pairs of pigs were designated as a 0.33-day group when one T-2
      treated pig died and the other was killed in a moribund state at 8 to 10 hours
      after dosing. The pulmonary and systemic immunity and morphologic changes of the
      lungs and other organs were examined. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed to
      obtain alveolar macrophages (AM) and pulmonary lymphocytes (PL). The phagocytic
      ability of AM and mitogen-induced blastogenic responses of enriched PL and
      peripheral blood lymphocytes were evaluated. Clinically, all of the T-2 treated
      pigs vomited and were cyanotic, anorexic, lethargic and laterally recumbent. In
      the 0.33-, 1-, and 3-day T-2 treated pigs, there was a marked reduction in AM
      phagocytosis and mitogen-induced blastogenic responses of PL but not of
      peripheral blood lymphocytes. Mild to moderate, multifocal interstitial pneumonia
      was seen in the majority of the T-2 treated pigs. In pigs dying following
      inhalation of T-2 toxin, there was a more severe pneumonia, as well as marked
      necrosis of lymphoid tissues, severe necrohemorrhagic gastroenteritis and edema
      of the gall bladder wall, and multifocal necrosis of the heart and pancreas.
      Thus, inhalation exposure to T-2 toxin can result in clinical signs and
      morphologic changes resembling those reported previously in pigs given T-2 toxin
      intravascularly (iv) at a dose of 1.2 mg/kg (approximate LD50) or greater, as
      well as death. Mild pulmonary injury as well as transient impairment of pulmonary
      immunity was present in pigs surviving inhalation exposure.

PMID- 3685792
TI  - 6th International Symposium of the Society of Toxicologic Pathologists.
      Gastrointestinal toxicologic pathology. Program and abstracts. June 1-3, 1987,
      Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

PMID- 3685794
TI  - How we make every patient feel like a VIP.

PMID- 3685793
TI  - What we can learn from my brother's nursing career.

PMID- 3685795
TI  - Nursing pay: part-timers are closing the gap.

PMID- 3685797
TI  - Valvular heart disease: its causes, symptoms, and consequences (continuing
      education credit).

PMID- 3685796
TI  - A gunman's bullet taught me how to be a better nurse.

PMID- 3685799
TI  - It's time we helped patients die.

PMID- 3685798
TI  - Why the elderly are so vulnerable to drug reactions.

PMID- 3685800
TI  - The latest guidelines for emergency cardiac care.

PMID- 3685801
TI  - Changes in pediatric emergency care.

PMID- 3685802
TI  - A nurse's limits as an expert witness.

PMID- 3685804
TI  - Good ways to say: "You're the greatest".

PMID- 3685803
TI  - The special nutritional needs of a COPD patient.

PMID- 3685805
TI  - Code or no code? Helping a family decide.

PMID- 3685806
TI  - Making the most of your time for patient teaching.

PMID- 3685807
TI  - Helping an MS patient live a better life.

PMID- 3685808
TI  - It's Medspeak to us, but Greek to them.

PMID- 3685809
TI  - Paralysis: keeping bedsores at bay.

PMID- 3685810
TI  - Are you ready for this bedside emergency?

PMID- 3685811
TI  - Miss America's an RN. Will it make a difference?

PMID- 3685812
TI  - Valvular heart disease: surgery and postop care (continuing education credit).

PMID- 3685813
TI  - The patients your colleagues hate to nurse.

PMID- 3685814
TI  - Your rights when you take maternity leave.

PMID- 3685815
TI  - Planning feasible food for your patient.

PMID- 3685816
TI  - Home care. When your patient needs a cane, walker, or wheelchair.

PMID- 3685817
TI  - Why Johnny can't sit still.

PMID- 3685818
TI  - Let's put more caring into cancer care.

PMID- 3685820
TI  - On call. Interview by Bev Christensen.

PMID- 3685819
TI  - The midwifery debate: should non-nurses be allowed to practice midwifery?

PMID- 3685821
TI  - Informed choice.

PMID- 3685822
TI  - In conversation with Sue Rothwell.

PMID- 3685823
TI  - Reaching out.

PMID- 3685824
TI  - Transitions.

PMID- 3685825
TI  - [Analysis of Polish cheeses for the presence of nitrates, nitrites and volatile N
      nitrosamines].

PMID- 3685826
TI  - [Analysis of nitrates and the products of their metabolism in milk and dairy
      products. I. Evaluation of the physico-chemical characteristics and
      microbiological quality of milk used in the production of cheese].

PMID- 3685827
TI  - [Analysis of nitrates and the products of their metabolism in milk and dairy
      products. II. Characteristics of the metabolism of nitrates and nitrites during
      the production and aging of Edam and Zutawski cheeses].

PMID- 3685828
TI  - [Cadmium, lead and mercury levels in daily meals of children aged 1-7 years].

PMID- 3685829
TI  - [Mercury levels in selected food products].

PMID- 3685830
TI  - [Metals and polychlorinated compounds in eels from the Gdansk Bay and adjacent
      waters. IV. Eels from the Gdansk Bay].

PMID- 3685831
TI  - [Nutritive value of food in student cafeterias].

PMID- 3685832
TI  - [Determining the levels of selected pesticides, nitrates, nitrites and ammonium
      ions in surface and underground waters and in various agricultural products.
      III].

PMID- 3685833
TI  - [Effect of sodium nitrite on various biochemical indicators in rat blood].

PMID- 3685834
TI  - [Determining the level of ethylenethiourea (ETU) in plants].

PMID- 3685835
TI  - [Effect of histidine overload on food consumption, weight gain and chemical
      composition of the body].

PMID- 3685836
TI  - [Studies on the effectiveness of the suspension preparation Coopex on houseflies
      Musca domestica L].

PMID- 3685837
TI  - [Toxicity of a mixture of chloroform and 2,4-dichlorophenol administered in
      drinking water to albino rats].

PMID- 3685838
TI  - [Comparison of the value of general and oblique images and whole lung tomography
      in a high kilovoltage technic in the detection of pulmonary coin lesions].
AB  - The ranking of high kvp pa. and lateral chest x-ray, left and right oblique films
      and whole lung tomography in the detection of pulmonary coin-shaped lesions is
      compared. Out of a total number of 327 coin lesions in 115 patients detected by
      high kvp whole lung tomography, only 52% were found on pa and lateral chest
      films. Additional oblique films improved the score to 64%. Oblique films proved
      to be especially helpful in detecting pleural lesions. Although CT has a higher
      sensitivity in detecting nodules (with decreasing specificity) whole lung
      tomography will continue to play an important role in the management of tumour
      patients.

PMID- 3685839
TI  - The diagnostic value of chest X-ray combined with fine-needle aspiration biopsy
      in patients suspected for pulmonary hamartomas.
AB  - Hamartomas of the lung are usually discovered incidentally during chest X-ray in
      asymptomatic patients. Their differentiation from lung carcinoma or metastases
      may not be possible by radiography. Transthoracic fine-needle aspiration biopsy
      is an important and safe diagnostic tool in that differentiation. In our
      institution we have been practising this method since 1971. By combining clinical
      information, radiological appearance of the pulmonary lesion and the cytological
      report we achieved safe diagnosis in 31 of 33 patients. Surgical biopsy was
      avoided in 29 patients. Based on this series we recommend transthoracic fine
      needle aspiration biopsy as the first diagnostic step in evaluating solitary
      pulmonary lesions suspected of pulmonary hamartomas.

PMID- 3685840
TI  - [Arteriovenous fistulas of the lung--their clinical aspects and radiologic
      images].
AB  - Based on the data of 15 patients the typical radiological signs of pulmonary
      arteriovenous fistulas, their differential diagnostic implications, clinical
      signs and symptoms and management are reviewed. In addition, lung function
      parameters of 9 patients are presented. The critical role of pulmonary
      angiography and sequential dynamic CT for the diagnosis is stressed, particularly
      in those cases in which conventional chest radiographs and tomographies fail to
      show characteristics abnormalities. Since pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas tend
      to increase in size and cause complications, they should be subjected to
      intermediate treatment, even if they are of no haemodynamic relevance.

PMID- 3685841
TI  - [Diagnosis of cor triatriatum dextrum with imaging procedures].
AB  - Cor triatriatum dextrum is a rare malformation of the right atrium usually
      without typical signs or symptoms. Today the intra vitam diagnosis of C.t.d. is
      done by echocardiography, MR and angiocardiography. Once the diagnosis is
      established, surgical correction of this anomaly is possible in symptomatic
      patients.

PMID- 3685842
TI  - [Drug interactions of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents].

PMID- 3685843
TI  - Endocrinology of the benign breast disease. Current views.

PMID- 3685844
TI  - REM sleep rebound after its suppression by vasotocin in cats.
AB  - Extremely small amounts (10(-4) pg) of synthetic arginine vasotocin (AVT)
      injected into the pineal recess of unanesthetized cats induced a continuous NREM
      sleep for about 60 minute and completely suppressed REM sleep for about 5 hours.
      The reappearance of the REM sleep following AVT administration occurred with a
      marked rebound, lasting for more than one hour. Since neither vasopressin nor
      oxytocin, at the same doses, were able to affect significantly the REM sleep, it
      is concluded that AVT is specifically involved in the modulation and/or circadian
      organization of the REM sleep.

PMID- 3685845
TI  - Cytogenetic investigation in 300 couples with recurrent fetal wastage.
AB  - A series of 300 couples with reproductive failure, i.e. 100 couples with a
      history of 2-4 spontaneous abortions (lot 1) and 200 couples with abortions and
      one or several dead plurimalformed children (lot 2) were cytogenetically
      investigated. The incidence of major chromosomal aberrations was 7% (lot 1) and
      5.5% (lot 2) and minor aberrations 13% (lot 1) and 5% (lot 2). The mean
      percentage of chromosmal aberrations in the 300 couples was 6.03%, a figure which
      is close to the one reported in the literature of the recent years, i.e.6.1%.

PMID- 3685846
TI  - [Anthropometric standards in children with obesity and in Turner's syndrome].

PMID- 3685847
TI  - The establishment and operation of a computerized data bank in benign breast
      disease. (Preliminary results on 297 cases).
AB  - The principles of setting up and utilization of a data bank for breast benign
      pathology and medical gynecology are described. In presenting these principles
      the authors make an analysis of the loading phases with the two afferent programs
      for adding, changing and wiping out information. With respect to utilization, two
      applicative programs for computing the efficiency of the selective hormonal
      treatment (regarding each and all patients) are analyzed. The paper provides the
      necessary instructions which enable the specialist physician to work directly
      with the computer. The principles are exemplified by the results obtained with a
      first series of 297 menstruated patients with several clinical forms of benign
      breast disease (unique or multiple cysts, lesions corresponding to an adenoma or
      fibroadenoma, mammary lumps) hormonally treated in an average series of 3
      therapeutic cycles.

PMID- 3685848
TI  - Decrease of urinary levels of adrenergic metabolites including conjugated MHPG
      after a short term course of diethylpropion in obese children fed a mixed, low
      calorie diet.
AB  - A short term course (8-11 days) of diethylpropion 50 mg a day was administered to
      12 obese children of both sexes fed a mixed low calorie diet containing about
      1000 calories/day. A group of 10 obese children received the same diet and no
      medication. The sex-distribution was similar in both groups as well as the degree
      of overweight (appreciated by the Quettelet index). The urinary excretion of some
      noradrenergic derivative (adrenaline-A, noradrenaline-NA, vanillyl-mandelic acid
      VMA, metanephrines NM and methoxy hydroxyphenyl glycol-MHPG) and of homovanillic
      acid (HVA) was measured in both groups before and after drug therapy or diet,
      respectively. After the diethylpropion course, the urinary mean value of MHPG
      decreased (2.17 +/- 0.30, mean +/- SE vs 1.47 +/- 0.21) but the significance was
      borderline. The mean level excretion of NA, VMA, MN and HVA were significantly
      lower following diethylpropion. No significant change was observed in the diet
      only group of patients as regards the same determinations. These observations are
      not entirely explained by the previous pharmacologic knowledge on diethylpropion
      and other sympathomimetic amines.

PMID- 3685849
TI  - Peptide hormones with reduced biologic activity.

PMID- 3685850
TI  - Selenium, a major therapeutic agent in cardiology.

PMID- 3685851
TI  - [Sanitary requalification of public water supplies on the island of Tenerife].

PMID- 3685852
TI  - [Enteroparasites in food handlers].

PMID- 3685853
TI  - [Study of imported cases of malaria in Santa Cruz de Tenerife (1977-1984)].

PMID- 3685854
TI  - [Health care statistics in Spain: reflections].

PMID- 3685855
TI  - [Mediterranean boutonneuse fever, its current increase in the province of Avila
      and diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities in primary health care
      (retrospective study apropos of 34 cases detected in this province)].

PMID- 3685856
TI  - [Dental caries in the population of a zone of endemic fluorosis (Municipality of
      La Guancha, Santa Cruz de Tenerife)].

PMID- 3685857
TI  - [Epidemiology of cancer of the bladder].

PMID- 3685858
TI  - [Hospital care of the Social Security system in Spain and the European Economic
      Community].

PMID- 3685859
TI  - [Antibodies against measles, rubella and parotitis in the first 2 years of life].

PMID- 3685860
TI  - [Current use of antibiotic drugs in the prevention of transmissible diseases].

PMID- 3685861
TI  - [Opinion survey on communicating the diagnosis of cancer].

PMID- 3685862
TI  - [Evaluation of the nutritional status of child population of Fuenlabrada
      (Madrid)].

PMID- 3685863
TI  - [2 outbreaks of botulism in Aldeadavila de la Ribera (Salamanca)].

PMID- 3685864
TI  - [Rheumatic fever and cardiopathy mortality: comparative study of Galicia and
      Spain (the 10-year period 1967/1976)].

PMID- 3685865
TI  - [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of carcinoma of the esophagus and cardia].

PMID- 3685866
TI  - [The effect of pentobarbital and pargyline on the development of acute
      experimental intracranial hypertension in chick embryos].

PMID- 3685867
TI  - Why do patients with severe arterial insufficiency get pain during sleep?
AB  - Simultaneous measurement during 24 h of mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and
      forefoot subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow (SBF) was undertaken in eight
      patients (15 feet) with different degrees of arterial insufficiency. The
      recordings were undertaken with the patients in the supine position only. The
      MABP decreased by 19 +/- 9% from awake to asleep independently of symptomatology.
      In two limbs with normal circulation, SBF decreased by 8 +/- 7%. In five limbs
      with arterial insufficiency but no rest pain SBF decreased by 16 +/- 8%, and in
      eight limbs with ischaemic nocturnal rest pain, SBF was reduced by 32 +/- 12%
      during sleep. It is concluded that nocturnal hypotension is the major
      aethiological factor for the symptom ischaemic nocturnal rest pain.

PMID- 3685868
TI  - Microcomputer-aided measurement of puff parameters during smoking of low- and
      medium-tar cigarettes.
AB  - A portable microcomputer-assisted flow transducer was developed for analysing
      puff parameters during smoking of low- and medium-tar cigarettes. Smoke flow was
      determined by measuring pressure difference between two sites within an orifice
      flowmeter. According to the Bernoulli equation, the pressure difference is
      proportional to the square of flow. For calibration of the method, various sizes
      of air volumes were puffed through the flowmeter by a piston syringe. The
      calibration curve, which consisted of the flow as a function of the square root
      of pressure difference, was linear (r = 0.98). The automatic microcomputer
      analysis consists of the following variables: mean flow and mean volume of
      inhaled smoke gas, puff duration, time interval between two puffs, number of
      puffs and total volume inhaled. Eight volunteers smoked 10 low- and 10 medium-tar
      cigarettes during the cross-over experiments. The investigation indicated that
      the total inhalation volume of smokers in the case of low-tar cigarettes is twice
      as large as in the case of medium-tar cigarettes.

PMID- 3685869
TI  - A sensitive radio-immunoassay for serum thyroglobulin--including a correct
      screening for thyroglobulin autoantibodies.
AB  - A new thyroglobulin (Tg) assay employing polyethylene glycol (PEG) for separation
      of free and antibody bound [125I]Tg is described. By choosing a suitable PEG
      concentration the non-specific precipitation of free [125I]Tg was kept low while
      both [125I]Tg bound to rabbit anti-Tg immunoglobulins and to human Tg
      autoantibodies were precipitated. For all sera a 'blank' incubation with no
      rabbit anti-Tg immunoglobulins was run in parallel with the assay tubes. Hence
      any interference of Tg autoantibodies would be detected. A two-phase incubation
      gave a very low detection limit of 0.2 microgram/l. The inter-assay coefficient
      of variation was 9.4% and the intra-assay coefficient of variation was 5.6%.
      Dilution curves of normal sera were parallel to the standard curve and Tg
      standards added to normal sera were recovered quantitatively. Twelve out of 60
      normal sera from the Randers area contained Tg autoantibodies. The average serum
      Tg in the 48 sera without antibody was 44.6 +/- 5.2 micrograms/l (SEM).

PMID- 3685870
TI  - Normal activity of C27-steroid 26-hydroxylase in cultured sitosterolaemia
      fibroblasts.
AB  - The primary defect in sitosterolaemia is unknown. In some patients excretion of
      bile alcohols is increased, and it has been suggested that the defect is located
      to some step in the biosynthesis of bile acids. The activity of C27-steroid 26
      hydroxylase was measured in cultured skin fibroblasts from a sitosterolaemic
      patient. The same assay was used as before in demonstrating deficiency of this
      enzyme activity in cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX), a disease in which high
      excretion of bile alcohols is typical. The substrate, 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7
      alpha,12 alpha-triol, was 26-hydroxylated to the same extent in the patient cells
      as in those of healthy controls. Thus, the sitosterolaemia cells have a normal
      activity of this enzyme.

PMID- 3685871
TI  - Human peripheral blood and bone marrow cell separation using density gradient
      centrifugation on Lymphoprep and Percoll in haematological diseases.
AB  - Density gradient centrifugation on Lymphoprep as described by Boyum [1] was used
      for mononuclear cell separation of peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM)
      samples in healthy subjects and in haematological diseases. The cells were
      analysed morphologically from cytocentrifuge preparations stained with May
      Grunwald-Giemsa. At least 200 cells per preparation were counted manually. The
      separation results of PB samples in healthy subjects were comparable with those
      described by Boyum. This method was also suitable for the separation of
      lymphocytes and blast cells in chronic lymphoproliferative diseases and in acute
      leukaemias, respectively. In other haematological diseases, however, the
      mononuclear cell fractions of PB samples and especially of BM samples were
      contaminated with myeloid and erythroid cells. Percoll gradients were used with
      success for the enrichment of myeloid BM cells and PB reticulocytes. However,
      absolutely pure myeloid cell fractions from different maturation stages could not
      be separated. The results indicate that cells to be investigated should be
      morphologically examined, to avoid erroneous interpretation of biochemical and
      functional activity of the cells.

PMID- 3685872
TI  - Comparison between serum ferritin and computed tomographic densities of liver,
      spleen, kidney and pancreas in beta-thalassaemia major.
AB  - Thirty-seven children with beta-thalassaemia major, eight children with liver
      cirrhosis, and 20 matched controls were enrolled in this study. Serum ferritin
      was determined in each subject by radio-immunoassay and liver enzymes by standard
      methods. The liver, spleen, kidney and pancreas densities were obtained by
      computed tomography using a Siemens Somatom 2 Scanner with 8-mm slice thickness.
      The iron content of liver biopsies from 10 patients was graded by staining. The
      mean serum ferritin of the thalassaemic patients was significantly higher than
      that of the control group (p = 0.0001). The ferritin of patients with cirrhosis
      and Wilson's disease was similar to that of the control group. The liver density
      of the thalassaemic patients was significantly higher than that of the control
      group (p less than 0.0001) while that of patients with liver cirrhosis and
      Wilson's disease was similar to the control group. The liver iron content of
      patients with liver cirrhosis was within the normal range. The spleen and kidney
      densities of patients with thalassaemia were higher than that of the control
      group with p values of 0.02 and 0.056, respectively. The density of the pancreas
      in patients with thalassaemia was not significantly different from that of the
      control group, (p = 0.52). There was correlation between the liver density and
      serum ferritin in patients with thalassaemia (r = 0.432, p less than 0.01) while
      there was no correlation between spleen, pancreas and kidney densities with serum
      ferritin.

PMID- 3685873
TI  - Plasma lipoprotein composition in type 2 diabetic patients.
AB  - In the present study lipoprotein fractions were studied in clinically well
      characterized patients with type 2 diabetes. Apart from the usually isolated
      fractions (VLDL, LDL and HDL) a subfraction of VLDL was studied. This VLDL
      subfraction (VLDL-2) has a similar chemical composition to beta-VLDL which has
      been suggested to be of importance in the development of atherosclerosis. The
      results shows that obese type 2 diabetic women carry substantial amounts of VLDL
      2 (greater than 100% above the level of comparable non-diabetic women), (2p less
      than 0.01 for cholesterol and triglyceride amounts in VLDL-2). Furthermore obese
      diabetic women had total plasma cholesterol values 27% higher than non-diabetic
      obese women (2p less than 0.05). Total plasma triglyceride values were found to
      be significantly higher in diabetic women compared with non-diabetic women (2p
      less than 0.01). LDL-cholesterol was found significantly raised in obese diabetic
      women compared with the corresponding group of non-diabetic women (2p less than
      0.05). HDL-cholesterol showed lower values in ideal-weight diabetic women than in
      ideal-weight non-diabetic women (2p less than 0.05). In summary, the results show
      that obese women with type 2 diabetes carry high concentrations of lipoprotein
      fractions which have been incriminated as being of importance in the development
      of atherosclerosis. This is in accordance with the sex ratio of atherosclerotic
      disease among diabetic patients compared to the sex ratio in non-diabetic
      patients.

PMID- 3685874
TI  - Immunoturbidimetric determination of apolipoproteins A-1 and B in serum.
AB  - Rapid immunochemical assays were developed for the determination of
      apolipoproteins A-1 and B in serum. The methods are based on the measurement of
      immunoprecipitation at a wavelength of 340 nm. Both assays are easy to perform,
      their reproducibilities are good (the coefficients of variation for within-run
      and between-run imprecisions are below 5%), and their correlations with radial
      immunodiffusion method are high (r = 0.96). The effect of storage on native serum
      specimens was also studied. Apolipoprotein B is stable at least 4 weeks in a
      refrigerator but in some specimens the level of apolipoprotein A-1 rises nearly
      10% during this time. Repeated freezing and thawing, on the other hand, may have
      a harmful effect, especially on apolipoprotein B. Therefore, use of fresh serum
      specimens is recommended for both assays. The present method is well suited for
      routine measurements because it can be easily adapted to most clinical chemistry
      analysers.

PMID- 3685875
TI  - Combined cation exchange-alumina extraction of [H3]noradrenaline for the
      determination of [H3]noradrenaline plasma kinetics in man.

PMID- 3685876
TI  - Childhood factors in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. An international
      cooperative study.
AB  - This international case control study was conducted in 14 centers in 9 countries
      to investigate factors in childhood which may have a bearing on the etiology or
      pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). 197 patients
      with UC and 302 with CD (499 with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD] whose disease
      started before age 20 years and whose age at time of study was less than 25 years
      were investigated, with two age- and sex-matched controls for each patient. All
      subjects were studied with uniform questionnaires. Eczema was found significantly
      more frequently in patients with CD (p less than 0.005) and in their fathers (p
      less than 0.025), mothers (p less than 0.002), and siblings (p less than 0.01) as
      compared with their respective controls. IBD was significantly more frequent in
      parents, siblings, cousins, grandparents, and uncles of patients than in their
      respective controls. The fathers of patients with UC had significantly more major
      gastrointestinal and cardiovascular diseases at the time of the patient's birth
      than the fathers of controls. In North America mothers of patients with UC and CD
      took vitamin, mineral, and iron preparations during pregnancy significantly less
      frequently than mothers of controls. Patients with CD and UC consumed a lower
      residue diet than controls. Recurrent respiratory infections were more frequent
      in patients with UC and CD (p less than 0.001); it is uncertain whether this
      preceded disease. Hospitalization for respiratory diseases was more frequent in
      patients than controls, and the use of antibiotics more frequent in patients with
      CD. Smallpox vaccination was less frequent (p less than 0.05) in patients with
      CD, and chickenpox infection was less common in patients with UC (p less than
      0.01). No significant differences were found between patients and controls in
      relation to various human and non-human contacts during childhood. Number of
      siblings, being an only child, and birth order did not differ markedly between
      patients and controls, and we could not confirm the 'sheltered child' hypothesis
      in IBD. The parents of controls were slightly better educated and their social
      class tended to be higher than those of parents of patients. There were
      significant associations between some of the main factors investigated in this
      study. No significant differences were found between patients and controls in the
      frequency of breast feeding, cereal consumption, sugar added to milk in infancy,
      gastroenteritis in childhood, major stressful life events, and many other
      factors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3685877
TI  - Long-term follow-up study of patients after endoscopic sphincterotomy for
      choledocholithiasis.
AB  - Late complications have been examined in 96 patients consecutively treated for
      choledocholithiasis by endoscopic sphincterotomy in the years 1976 to 1980. Forty
      four of the patients (46%) had the gallbladder in situ. Patients treated for
      short-term complications--that is, in the 1st month after sphincterotomy--are not
      included in this study. The mean length of follow-up study was 4.1 years (range,
      2 months to 8 years and 9 months). Late bile duct symptoms occurred in seven
      patients (7%): three (6.8%) in patients with the gallbladder in situ and four
      (7.6%) in cholecystectomized patients. Stones were found in the common bile duct
      in three of these patients, one with and two without the gallbladder. The median
      duration from sphincterotomy to late complication was 8 months (range, 2 months
      to 5 years). Six of the patients had cholangitis, and the seventh had jaundice
      with abdominal pain. Two of the patients died of their complications. In
      conclusion, our results indicate that the frequency of late complications to
      endoscopic sphincterotomy is low and apparently independent of possible prior
      cholecystectomy.

PMID- 3685878
TI  - Prognosis and mortality of ulcerative colitis in Stockholm County, 1955-1979.
AB  - All 1274 patients in Stockholm County who were diagnosed as having ulcerative
      colitis during the 25-year period 1955-79 were followed up and studied with
      regard to prognosis and mortality. There were 109 deaths recorded--41 caused by
      ulcerative colitis and 68 from other causes. The cumulative survival probability
      (computed by life-table methods) was worse than expected. For males it was
      approximately 80% at 20 years, to be compared with the approximately 97% expected
      in the background population. For females the corresponding figures were
      approximately 85% and 98%, respectively. The excess death risk increased with
      increasing age and was more commonly due to unrelated causes than to ulcerative
      colitis as such. In patients with total colitis at onset the death risk was
      greater than for other patients during the first years of disease. Thereafter the
      prognosis was, if anything, better than in other cases. There was no major change
      in postoperative mortality or general mortality pattern during the 25 years of
      observation.

PMID- 3685879
TI  - Mononuclear phagocyte thromboplastin and endotoxin in patients with secondary
      bacterial peritonitis.
AB  - Endotoxin levels and mononuclear phagocyte thromboplastin activities in samples
      from peripheral blood and peritoneal fluid were determined in nine patients with
      secondary bacterial peritonitis (appendicitis with perforation, or
      diverticulitis) and in five control patients (uncomplicated duodenal ulcer or
      gallbladder stones). None or only negligible amounts of endotoxin, always less
      than 0.01 ng/dl (contamination), and no growth of bacteria were detected in
      controls. In the patients with peritonitis, peritoneal fluid samples always
      contained gram-negative bacteria, and large amounts (mean, 31.6 ng/dl) of
      endotoxin were seen. Plasma from these patients also contained endotoxin (mean,
      0.56 ng/dl) despite negative blood cultures. Mononuclear phagocytes from controls
      had low thromboplastin values, whereas both circulating monocytes and peritoneal
      macrophages from peritonitis patients showed a substantial increase (multifold)
      of thromboplastin.

PMID- 3685880
TI  - Acid gastro-oesophageal reflux and oesophageal pressure activity during
      postprandial and nocturnal periods. A study in subjects with and without
      pathologic acid gastro-oesophageal reflux.
AB  - The aim of the investigation was to evaluate the relative quantity of acid
      gastrooesophageal reflux during different time periods in subjects with and
      without pathologic reflux. Twenty duodenal ulcer patients, 10 with and 10 without
      pathologic acid gastro-oesophageal reflux, and 26 asymptomatic volunteers were
      subjected to 12 h of simultaneous monitoring of pH and pressure activity in the
      oesophagus. The monitoring period was divided into a 3-h postprandial period, a
      night period of 6 h, and a 3-h period in the morning. The highest reflux
      frequency and the longest duration of oesophageal acid exposure were found in the
      postprandial hours (p less than 0.001). Thereafter, all groups had an even
      reduction in reflux rate. A greater absolute reduction in the duration of
      oesophageal acid exposure could be measured in patients with pathologic reflux as
      compared with the other groups (p less than 0.001). In spite of this, both reflux
      frequency and time with acid in the oesophagus were increased during the night in
      patients with pathologic reflux (p less than 0.001). Pathologic refluxers had in
      total 11 times as much reflux as normal subjects, and in addition 37.9% of the
      reflux took place during the 6 night hours. In contrast, only 5.4% of the reflux
      recorded in normal subjects occurred during this period. The pressure activity
      during periods with a normal intraoesophageal pH was reduced in all three groups
      during the night (p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3685881
TI  - Effect of proximal gastric vagotomy on basal and vagally stimulated gastric
      bicarbonate secretion in duodenal ulcer patients.
AB  - Basal gastric bicarbonate secretion and the response to vagal stimulation
      accomplished by sham feeding were investigated in duodenal ulcer patients before
      and after proximal gastric vagotomy. Gastric bicarbonate secretion was measured
      with a computer-based system, which continuously recorded the pH and PCO2 of the
      gastric perfusate. Preoperatively, basal bicarbonate secretion was 414 +/- 57
      mumol/h (mean +/- SEM, n = 9), and the secretory response to vagal stimulation
      691 +/- 83 mumol/h (p less than 0.01). About 2 months after proximal gastric
      vagotomy the basal gastric bicarbonate secretion was 539 +/- 74 mumol/h, and the
      response to vagal stimulation 693 +/- 72 mumol/h (p less than 0.01). The basal
      bicarbonate secretion thus increased by 30% after vagotomy (p less than 0.01) but
      about 1 year later was not significantly different from the basal preoperative
      value. In the early postoperative period anticholinergics significantly reduced
      the enhanced basal bicarbonate secretion to a preoperative level. When tested 1
      year after the operation anticholinergics did not affect basal bicarbonate
      secretion but abolished the response to sham feeding. The findings of the study
      suggest the existence of cholinergic vagal nerve fibres stimulating human gastric
      bicarbonate secretion and indicate that inhibitory nerve fibres may modulate
      gastric bicarbonate secretion.

PMID- 3685883
TI  - Myoelectric motility patterns during mechanical obstruction and paralysis of the
      small intestine in the rat.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to analyze changes of the myoelectric
      activity in experimental mechanical obstruction and paralytic ileus of the small
      intestine. Myoelectric activity was recorded in the upper small intestine of
      conscious, fasted rats by three bipolar electrodes implanted 10 cm apart. In the
      basal state regular myoelectric motility complexes (MMCs) were registered in all
      experimental animals. Obstruction of the small intestine (n = 13) was produced by
      a ligature between the middle and distal electrodes. Proximal to the obstruction
      regular MMCs continued. After 45 +/- 15 min at the middle (p less than 0.01), and
      85 +/- 10 min at the duodenal electrode (p less than 0.01), MMCs disappeared.
      Another motility pattern was established, characterized by clusters of spikes,
      occurring regularly with 2-min intervals, separated by short silent periods, and
      a rapid aboral migration (p less than 0.01). Distal to the obstruction the
      propagation of MMCs was immediately disrupted. After a quiescent period of 13 +/-
      3 min irregular spiking occurred and continued throughout the experiment (p less
      than 0.01). Intraperitoneal instillation of 0.1 M hydrochloric acid (n = 8)
      produced a prompt and long-lasting inhibition of the MMCs. The quiescence lasted
      for 70 +/- 23 min, until the MMCs reappeared (p less than 0.01). It is concluded
      that complete intestinal obstruction is followed by a series of significant and
      well-defined changes of myoelectric activity on both sides of the obstruction.
      Nociceptive stimulation of the peritoneum produces intestinal paralysis. The
      immediate inhibition of the motility indicates that the paralysis is not
      secondary to inflammatory reactions.

PMID- 3685882
TI  - Short-chain fatty acids and water in the hindgut contents and feces of rats after
      hindgut bypass surgery.
AB  - Omnivorous experimental animals with different levels of short-chain fatty acids
      in hindgut contents or in feces were established by surgical bypass of the colon
      and/or the cecum. Levels of short-chain fatty acids, amounts of luminal contents,
      and the water contents in these animals were compared. Regional variations in
      water absorption and retention of luminal contents are likely to be major factors
      in the regulation of hindgut functions.

PMID- 3685884
TI  - The effects of morphine on biliary dynamics. A scintigraphic study with 99mTc
      HIDA.
AB  - The effect of morphine on biliary dynamics was studied by cholescintigraphy with
      99mTc-HIDA. Among 30 normals without morphine injection 3 did not demonstrate
      intestinal radioactivity after 1 h, whereas all visualized the gallbladder. Eight
      normals with morphine injection did not demonstrate intestinal radioactivity
      after 2 h, but all had gallbladder visualization very early. Variables of the
      time-activity curves from liver areas did not point to impaired uptake or
      excretion. Morphine-induced increase in resistance to passage from the common
      duct to the intestines in normals is of a magnitude that forces the total amount
      of bile to accumulate in the gallbladder. Results from 11 patients after
      cholecystectomy indicate that the increase in pressure is less than the maximal
      secretory pressure of the liver. The resorptive capacity and the compliance of
      the gallbladder enable these events to take place without signs of secondary
      liver impairment.

PMID- 3685885
TI  - Epidemiology of proctocolitis in the region of Leiden, The Netherlands. A
      population study from 1979 to 1983.
AB  - An epidemiologic study of proctocolitis in the Leiden Health Care Region was
      conducted between 1979 and 1983. One hundred and seven cases were diagnosed
      before 1979 and 150 between 1979 and 1983. Most of the patients had proctocolitis
      (42%), and only 11% had pancolitis. The incidence was 6.8/10(5)/year and was
      similar in men and women. There was no specific age group at additional risk of
      developing the disease. The prevalence was 58.4/10(5). Patients with
      proctocolitis tended to live in country or city areas; people living in dormitory
      suburbs were at a reduced risk (chi-square test, p less than 0.001). However,
      there was a significant difference in incidence between Leiden (10.8/10(5)/year)
      and Alphen (4.1/10(5)/year) (corrected chi-square = 7.3; p less than 0.001). This
      was also true for the prevalence in these two cities. The prevalence of the
      disease in migrants (85.3/10(5)) was not significantly different from that in the
      indigenous population (58/10(5)).

PMID- 3685886
TI  - Demonstration in human plasma of a lectin activity analogous to that of bovine
      conglutinin.
AB  - Evidence of the existence in human plasma of an activity analogous to that of
      bovine conglutinin is presented. The human plasma component was characterized
      antigenically and functionally. Human plasma was shown to agglutinate complement
      coated erythrocytes in the presence of Ca2+, and this conglutination was
      inhibited by EDTA. The molecule also binds to complement-reacted solid phase IgG
      and to zymosan in the presence of Ca2+. The binding to complement is not
      inhibited by N-acetyl-D-mannosamine, but is inhibited by N-acetyl-D-glucosamine,
      as previously shown for bovine conglutinin. Antibodies raised against bovine
      conglutinin cross-react with the human protein. The plasma concentration of the
      conglutinin-like protein showed a high inter-individual variation between
      apparently healthy donors. Unlike bovine conglutinin, the human conglutinin
      activity could not be demonstrated in serum but only in plasma. The activity was
      more stable in plasma containing metal-ion chelators like EDTA and citrate than
      in heparin or hirudin plasma.

PMID- 3685887
TI  - Monocyte phenotype and function in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency
      syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related disorders.
AB  - The CD4 molecule, which is known to play an important role in the susceptibility
      of T lymphocytes to infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is also
      expressed in small amounts on the surface of monocytes. Since monocytes can also
      be infected by the virus, we investigated peripheral blood monocytes of patients
      with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), AIDS-related complex (ARC),
      and HIV seropositive and seronegative haemophiliacs without symptoms for the
      expression of the CD4 molecule and for other functionally important surface
      molecules such as CD11 (C3bi receptor), transferrin receptor, Fc receptor, and
      the three major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens HLA-DP, HLA
      DR, and HLA-DQ. With immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry no difference
      was found between patients and controls for the expression of the CD4 molecule
      and for the other antigens as assessed by the percentage of positive staining and
      the specific fluorescence intensity in a double marker analysis. The percentage
      of CD4+ monocytes was found to be 59.2 +/- 14.4% for 16 patients with AIDS and
      52.9 +/- 12.8% for 12 healthy controls. Similar to our results on phenotype, we
      found no significant difference with respect to the production of tumour necrosis
      factor (TNF), in that monocytes of AIDS and ARC patients showed an increase in
      TNF secretion after stimulation with LPS comparable to controls.

PMID- 3685888
TI  - Immunohistochemical detection of the membrane and fluid-phase terminal complement
      complexes C5b-9(m) and SC5b-9. Consequences for interpretation and terminology.
AB  - Activation of the terminal pathway of complement on a membrane results in the
      generation of the membrane-damaging terminal C5b-9(m) complement complex, whereas
      the non-lytic water-soluble SC5b-9 complex is formed when complement is activated
      in the fluid phase. Both forms of the terminal complement complex (TCC) can be
      immunohistochemically detected, but not distinguished, by antibodies recognizing
      neoantigens in the complexes. By means of monoclonal antibodies against C9
      neoantigens and against the S-protein, it was demonstrated that deposits of the
      TCC in tissue sections may be either in the form of C5b-9(m) or SC5b-9. The
      consequences of this for the interpretation of the histochemical data and the
      terminology of the two complexes are discussed.

PMID- 3685890
TI  - Characterization of a lectin in human plasma analogous to bovine conglutinin.
AB  - The structural characteristics of a human plasma protein analogous to bovine
      conglutinin were studied. The protein was previously found to bind to complement
      reacted IgG in a calcium-dependent and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-inhibitable manner
      and it further shows cross-reactivity with anti-bovine conglutinin antibody. By
      gel permeation chromatography the conglutinin activity in human plasma was
      localized to fractions containing proteins of Mr at around 700,000. The
      conglutinin was localized by one ELISA for antigen determinants and by another
      for biological activity. When analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) under non-reducing conditions these fractions were
      shown to contain proteins of about 300,000. When human conglutinin-like protein,
      partially purified by affinity chromatography, was analysed unreduced by SDS-PAGE
      followed by western blotting, the cross-reacting anti-bovine conglutinin antibody
      bound to a protein with an Mr of 330,000. When the sample was reduced and
      alkylated before electrophoresis a band of 66,000 was immunostained. The 330,000
      and 66,000 proteins were shown to be collagenase sensitive. 125I-iC3b was seen to
      bind to the 330,000 band when incubated with western blots of partially purified
      human conglutinin.

PMID- 3685889
TI  - Comparative studies on tree pollen allergens. XII. Evaluation of direct and
      indirect autoradiography systems for 125I in crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis
      and other immunoautoradiographic techniques.
AB  - Visualization by autoradiography of specific IgE binding in crossed
      radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE) and other 125I-immunoautoradiography (IAR)
      techniques is done in two different ways; either by traditional direct
      autoradiography (D-ARG), where the film is exposed to the 125I-anti-IgE incubated
      sample at room temperature, or by indirect autoradiography (ID-ARG), applying
      intensifying screen, low-temperature exposure and, eventually, pre-exposure. This
      study confirmed that D-ARG provided the benefits of simplicity and better image
      resolution with the disadvantage of prolonged exposure periods. ID-ARG reduced
      the exposures needed to produce film image densities of 0.01 and 0.1 A540 nm
      (i.e. autoradiographic sensitivity (AR sigma) and autoradiographic speed (ARs] to
      1/18 and 1/55 respectively of the corresponding exposures in D-ARG. The lowest
      detection limits for 125I in 24 h were 1.2 cpm mm-2 with the indirect and 6.8 cpm
      mm-2 with the direct systems investigated. The major drawbacks of ID-ARG were
      inferior image resolution and higher background levels, especially when pre
      exposure was included.

PMID- 3685891
TI  - [Legionella. Contributions to the evaluation of hygienic problems].

PMID- 3685892
TI  - [The application of the federal contagious disease law].

PMID- 3685893
TI  - [Experiences of the Federal Board of Health].

PMID- 3685894
TI  - [Toxicology of selected biocides].

PMID- 3685895
TI  - [Environmental hygiene aspects of the control of legionellosis. Recommendations
      of the World Health Organization regional office for Europe, Copenhagen 1986].

PMID- 3685897
TI  - [Legionella infection: research and control of legionellosis in England and Wales
      -the epidemic in Stafford 1985].

PMID- 3685896
TI  - [Recommendations of the Federal Board of Health for the reduction of Legionella
      infection risk].

PMID- 3685898
TI  - [Presence of Legionella pneumophila in drinking water and water from warm spring
      pools].

PMID- 3685899
TI  - [Propagation and killing temperatures for Legionella].

PMID- 3685900
TI  - [The control of the presence of Legionella in contaminated hot water systems].

PMID- 3685901
TI  - Experimental mandibular fracture: studies on bone repair and remodellation.
AB  - An experimental mandibular fracture model was developed in Sprague-Dawley rats.
      Healing and remodellation were studied using routine histology, microradiography
      and incorporation of tetracycline and lead acetate. Bone healing after fracture
      started by outgrowth of bone trabeculae from the periosteum and from marrow
      spaces in the mandibular corpus and coronoid process. Stabile fracture healing
      was seen after 14-16 days, which correlated to the time when bone trabeculae were
      seen to cross the fracture diastasis morphologically. Formation of reparative
      bone was produced by direct formation of bone trabeculae but also via formation
      of a chondroid tissue which was later resorbed and replaced by bone.

PMID- 3685902
TI  - Experimental mandibular fracture: effect on bone circulation and metabolism after
      treatment with anticoagulants.
AB  - An experimental model was designed for the study of mandibular fracture healing
      in Sprague-Dawley rats. Healing and remodellation were studied by routine
      histology and the vascular supply of the mandible by micro-angiography. The blood
      supply to the body of the mandible was similar to that seen in long bones. The
      arterial vascular system appeared to be intimately involved with the formation of
      bone. The vessel configuration varied in relation to the progress of healing. The
      effect of heparin, dextran 40 and dextran 70 therapy to increase blood flow in
      the fracture region was tested. Dextrans had no effect on fracture healing
      whereas heparin induced an increased chondroid reaction in the callus. Serum
      alkaline phosphatase was measured as a marker for hard-tissue formation. The
      enzyme activity was reduced after fracture with a minimum activity three days
      after fracture.

PMID- 3685903
TI  - Free fat transplant prevents osseous reunion of skull defects. A new approach in
      the treatment of craniosynostosis.
AB  - Free fat tissue transplant to correct premature epiphyseal fusion of long bones
      has been successfully used to prevent re-ossification after bone bridge
      resection. In the present study we have applied this principle in the prevention
      of osseous reunion of the bone defect in the calvaria of the rabbit. In two-week
      old animals standard bone defects were made on both sides of the sagittal suture
      to the temporal bone. The dura was left intact. On the right side a free
      autogenous fat transplant was placed to fill the bone defect. On the left side
      the control defect was left without fat interposition. The skull defects were
      examined postoperatively at three weeks, three months, and eight months. The
      control defects reossified within three weeks. The bone defects with fat tissue
      transplant were found to be open and of original size at eight months
      postoperatively. On the transplanted side histological examination revealed
      living fat cells filling the gap. Osteogenesis was inhibited and reunion of the
      bone edges was prevented. All the control bone defects were filled by lamellar
      bone. The use of free fat tissue transplant can be a useful alternative, serving
      as a biological interposition material in the surgical treatment of
      craniosynostosis.

PMID- 3685904
TI  - Orthognathic surgery with no postoperative intermaxillary fixation.
AB  - In 113 patients orthognathic surgery was performed. Both maxillary, mandibular
      and combined procedures were used. Intermaxillary fixation was avoided in all
      cases. It was found that the procedures presented offer a safe correction of the
      jaw with minimal complications during surgery and in the postoperative period.
      Preliminary data suggest that the stability of the segment is in good accordance
      with procedures with intermaxillar fixation.

PMID- 3685905
TI  - Augmentation mammaplasty--psychiatric and psychosocial characteristics and
      outcome in a group of Swedish women.
AB  - Thirty-eight women undergoing augmentation mammaplasty, consecutively operated on
      at the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Malmo, Sweden, were
      studied preoperatively regarding medical history, personality, psychosocial and
      psychiatric characteristics. Thirty-six of these patients were interviewed one
      year postoperatively. Thirty-three age-matched women operated on with minor
      surgical out-patient procedures were used as a contrast group. The mammaplasty
      patients generally came from insecure homes with conflicts between parents and
      unsatisfactory emotional relations to both parents. Their educational as well as
      income level was significantly lower than the contrast group and they were
      socially isolated. Their sexual adaptation seemed to have been hampered by their
      sensitivity reactions towards their breasts but nonetheless most of them lived in
      stable heterosexual relations. Generally the augmentation mammaplasty patients
      were not psychiatrically abnormal apart from the negative evaluation of their
      physical attractiveness. The great majority of the women, 86%, were satisfied
      with the results of surgery. Postoperatively the patients changed their style of
      dressing, extended their leisure time activities and social contacts, improved
      their sexual life and relations to their spouse. Postoperative increase of
      nervous symptoms was reported by 39% of the patients, but about as many patients,
      36%, reported decreased nervous symptoms. Difficulties in accepting the surgical
      result, sexual dysfunctions and negative mental reactions proved to be associated
      with specific personality characteristics. Various factors have previously been
      proposed as being usable in the prediction of adverse reactions after
      augmentation mammaplasty. None of these factors, however, proved in this study to
      correlate with postoperative maladaptation. A need for increased methodological
      stringency in predictor studies is indicated.

PMID- 3685906
TI  - Tumoral calcinosis causing acute carpal tunnel syndrome. Case report.
AB  - A case of tumoral calcinosis causing acute carpal tunnel syndrome is reported.
      Tumoral calcinosis in the vicinity of the hand is discussed.

PMID- 3685907
TI  - Rheumatoid factor isotypes and renal disease in systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - There is no agreement on whether rheumatoid factor (RF) exerts protection,
      injury, or is an epiphenomenon with regard to kidney disease in systemic lupus
      erythematosus (SLE). In this study we examined the occurrence and isotype
      distribution of rheumatoid factor in SLE in relation to some clinical parameters,
      including renal function and arthritis. A highly significant correlation (p less
      than 0.001) was noted between the presence of IgG RF and absence of kidney
      disease. The IgG RF also seemed to protect SLE patients from developing arthritis
      (p less than 0.01). On the other hand, elevated IgM RF levels indicated active
      SLE disease. The results obtained are discussed in relation to the ability of RF
      to interact with immune complexes in vitro and in vivo.

PMID- 3685908
TI  - The importance of skin vessel wall immune deposits in the course of the systemic
      and articular features of rheumatoid arthritis. A prospective study.
AB  - Fifty-one rheumatoid arthritis patients were examined prospectively during a 3
      year investigation period by means of immunohistological, histological, and
      instrumental clinical methods. Skin vessel wall immune deposits (SVWID) were
      found in 21/51 patients at the first and in 11/35 patients at the concluding
      investigation. Patients with SVWID showed more extra-articular features, more
      rapid progress of joint damage, higher mortality frequency, higher inflammatory
      activity, and higher levels of circulating immune complexes, compared with
      patients without SVWID.

PMID- 3685909
TI  - Severe rheumatoid arthritis of the temporomandibular joints and its coincidence
      with severe rheumatoid arthritis of the cervical spine.
AB  - The degree of arthritis of the cervical spine was retrospectively studied in
      cervical spine radiographs from 400 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. In the
      same cervical radiographs the arthritic destruction of the temporomandibular
      joints was measured as diminished ramal height from the mandibular angle to the
      palato-occipital line. Reduced ramal height was found in 76 patients, 69 women
      and 7 men, and in 33 patients the reduction in height was severe enough to be
      compatible with a total destruction of the mandibular head. An arthritic
      destruction of the temporomandibular joints occurred significantly more often in
      patients with a severe cervical arthritis than in those without cervical
      affection, and vice versa. Of the 76 patients with a reduced ramal height, 66%
      had a severe arthritis of the cervical spine and of the 100 patients with severe
      arthritic changes of the cervical spine, 50% had severe destructive arthritis of
      the temporomandibular joints.

PMID- 3685910
TI  - Radiographic measurements of severe temporomandibular joint destruction at
      cervical radiography. Designed for evaluation in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Radiological examinations of the temporomandibular joints are not so often
      performed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, greater
      abnormalities of the mandibular head and neck may be evaluated at cervical
      radiography. With a new method, where the perpendicular distance from the palato
      occipital line to the mandibular angle was measured, normal values of the
      distance or of ramal height were found to be above 27.5 mm in women and 33 mm in
      men. A significantly diminished ramal height was found in a patient material with
      RA compared with a normal material. Minor changes of the temporomandibular joints
      cannot be detected with this method, but severe arthritic destruction of the
      mandibular head or neck will give subnormal values.

PMID- 3685911
TI  - Serum aluminium concentrations in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Aluminium (AlS) and zinc (ZnS) concentrations in serum were measured in patients
      with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with and without Al-containing drugs and compared
      with levels in healthy controls. In RA patients without Al-containing antacids,
      the AlS levels did not differ from those of the healthy controls (mean 9.9, SEM
      0.9 microgram/l and mean 8.6, SEM 0.5 microgram/l). However, the AlS levels in RA
      patients treated with Al-containing drugs were significantly (p less than 0.05)
      higher than in the other two groups (mean 14.1, SEM 1.1 microgram/l). Serum zinc
      (ZnS) levels in both RA groups were significantly (0.01 less than p less than
      0.025) lower than in the healthy controls (mean 10.5, SEM 0.4 mumol/l and mean
      10.2, SEM 0.4 mumol/l for the RA groups with and without Al-containing drugs, and
      in healthy volunteers mean 14.4, SEM 0.6 mumol/l). The difference in AlS levels
      might be due not only to the intestinal absorption of Al from Al-containing
      drugs, but also to a slightly impaired renal function, serum creatinine being
      slightly but significantly higher (p less than 0.05) in the Al-treated RA group
      than in non-Al-treated one. This difference in serum creatinine between the two
      RA groups might be explained by the more frequent use of cimetidine in the Al
      treated RA group.

PMID- 3685912
TI  - Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy and familial digital clubbing in a patient with
      surgical closed ductus arteriosus Botalli.

PMID- 3685913
TI  - Agranulocytosis in a patient with psoriatic arthritis receiving auranofin and
      ibuprofen.

PMID- 3685914
TI  - Spinal lesions in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.

PMID- 3685915
TI  - Proceedings of the annual meeting of the Finnish Society for Rheumatology.
      Heinola, 12-13 February 1987. Abstracts.

PMID- 3685916
TI  - Stillbirth, neonatal death and sudden infant death (SIDS): parental reactions.

PMID- 3685917
TI  - Animal fears in the antipodes: normative data from an Australian sample.

PMID- 3685919
TI  - Visual constraints in reading: evidence from non-ocular behaviour.

PMID- 3685918
TI  - Quantifying aggression: effects of identity of stimulus.

PMID- 3685920
TI  - Body mass index in the Scandinavian countries.
AB  - Data on the body mass index (BMI) from four Scandinavian countries are compared.
      The Finnish values are markedly higher than those of the other countries. This
      holds for both sexes. Among these the Norwegians deviate by showing higher values
      for females, though not reaching the Finnish level, but lower values for the
      males. The populations from which the observations are drawn are differently
      sampled. There is no evidence that differences as to composition in rural/urban
      populations can explain the differences.

PMID- 3685921
TI  - Social class and sickness absences. A comparative study of four ways to measure
      social class.
AB  - Four different class measures (social groups, a socioeconomic classification, a
      measure by Erik Olin Wright, and a structural class concept) were applied on a
      gross material of 3,252 persons registered by sickness insurance authorities. The
      measures were compared by description of absence days, average durations,
      sickness rates, and sex. No significant differences were found. By associating
      measures and absence days, differences were found only for doctor certified days,
      where the structural class concept diverged. Two conclusions are drawn: When
      dependent variables are of ideological character, practical considerations may
      decide choice of class measure. In other cases, caution is advised and further
      research needed.

PMID- 3685922
TI  - Social, personality and environmental determinants of smoking in young Finnish
      men.
AB  - The study was based on 471 males, aged 19 to 20 years, who started their
      compulsory military service in three military bases in Southwest, Southeast and
      Northern Finland in February 1982. Of these subjects 48% smoked regularly and had
      smoked in the past three weeks. The correlation between the reported number of
      cigarettes smoked a day and serum thiocyanate was 0.60. Seventy-four per cent of
      the subjects whose best friend smoked, were current smokers compared with 24% of
      the others. Proportion of smokers was higher in urban areas than in rural areas.
      Among the 14 explanatory variables in the multivariate logistic analysis, family
      members' and friends' smoking, the place of residence, strenuousness of leisure
      time physical activities, number of friends, rebelliousness, intelligence test
      score, and general pessimism were most strongly associated with the likelihood of
      being a current smoker. The model explained 87% of the smoking variance.

PMID- 3685923
TI  - Loneliness correlates in advanced alcohol abusers. II. Clinical and psychological
      factors.
AB  - The current study was performed in order to extend a preceding correlational
      analysis of loneliness to clinical and psychological parameters in a sample of 95
      alcohol abusers. The alcoholics were examined twice with an approximate interval
      fo two years. In the preceding analysis of social factors and needs, the lonely
      abuser appeared as discontented and somewhat passive in essential life-spheres.
      This pattern was highly confirmed in the current study. In the psychological
      part, life-dissatisfaction and indolence were especially pronounced by the lonely
      abusers. The association between loneliness and lack of self-esteem was also
      extraordinarily marked, while the relations to some neurotic-tinged parameters
      were at a more ordinary level. In the clinical psychiatric part of the study, a
      number of relations of medium degree confirmed the link to psychopathology.
      Achievements on the intellectual tests were nonrelated to loneliness, as were
      also most of the biochemical laboratory test results. The main conclusion was
      that loneliness primarily is a sensitive indicator of perceived quality of life
      and attitude to life as a whole.

PMID- 3685924
TI  - Smoking habits and their confounding effects among occupational groups in Sweden.
AB  - Smoking habits among different occupational groups in Sweden were estimated from
      nation wide surveys of living conditions in 1977 and 1980/81. These surveys were
      conducted by Statistics Sweden and consist of interviews covering the Swedish
      population aged 16-74 years. The sample includes about 12,000 persons for each of
      the two investigations. The results show that those who may be exposed to excess
      risks in their work environment, smoke more than those in other occupational
      groups. Transport and manufacturing workers, miners, wood and paper workers and
      painters, for example, have higher rates of daily smokers than the national
      average. The highest rates, however, were found among the category of early
      retired or unemployed. These findings confirm that an appropriate evaluation of
      occupationally-related diseases affected by smoking must take smoking data into
      consideration. If smoking data are available from other sources, adjusted work
      related risks could be calculated. This presumes the absence of interaction
      effects. Procedures are given and illustrated. The paper also discusses the
      declining trends in smoking habits between 1977 and 1980/81 and possible reasons
      for differences in smoking habits between occupations.

PMID- 3685925
TI  - Head injuries caused by occupational accidents.

PMID- 3685926
TI  - The yield of systems for continuous and periodic injury surveillance in emergency
      care with emphasis on farm-work-related accidents.
AB  - The objective was to analyse the medical consequences, sequence of events and
      contributory and background factors of farm-work-related accidents. The study is
      part of a project to develop systems for continuous and periodic injury
      surveillance in Swedish public health care. Altogether 163 patients were treated
      for injuries sustained in accidents on 2454 farms during a one-year period. The
      five most common injurious agents were: material, tools, machinery, foreign
      bodies and animals. Half of the injuries were due to the victims' having slipped
      on a floor or on equipment with tools or other objects or to tripping. Reported
      contributory factors were unsuitable methods of working, failure to use personal
      safety equipment, deficient inspection, lack of safety devices, design deficiency
      and haste. Farms consisting of more than 50 hectares (120 acres) were over
      represented. The results illustrate the numerous risks associated with work on
      farms and indicate the need to improve occupational safety in this sector.

PMID- 3685927
TI  - Standardized performance tests and their impact on the decisions determining the
      type of rehabilitation program. A health service case study from a vocational
      rehabilitation clinic.
AB  - In the health and social sectors, many diagnostic and prognostic tests are
      carried out without a constant watch on (1) what influence the test results have
      on decisions, and (2) the impact of these decisions on every day clinical work.
      Consequently, it is not known whether the additional information gained, if any,
      justifies the expenditure necessary for resources involved in a testing
      procedure. In fact, the net impact of testing in every day clinical work may be
      negative. By carrying out a testing procedure, under the before mentioned
      conditions, resources would be wasted. Since the early 1970's a battery of
      standardized performance tests have been used at the Vocational Rehabilitation
      Clinic in Aarhus, Denmark. Originally, the aim of the tests was to identify and
      give an early discharge to those clients, that were, in any case, shown to be fit
      for a social pre-term pension. An early discharge of these clients would enable
      the Clinic to counsel a greater number of clients who were suited to vocational
      rehabilitation. The test period lasts two weeks, and the average stay in the
      Clinic amounts to about 3 months. During the years 1981 to 1983, a total of 607
      clients were discharged from the Clinic. Out of the 607, 379 had been given the
      battery of tests. Those tested stayed 16 days longer at the clinic than the rest
      of the clients. A few clients got an early discharge. The associations between
      the test results and case closure status were weak. Furthermore, these weak
      associations occurred in 6 out of 51 tests.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3685928
TI  - Disability as a predictor of outcome for the elderly in a department of internal
      medicine. A comparison of predictions based on index of ADL and physician
      predictions.
AB  - The predictive validity of ratings based on Katz' Index of ADL (Activities of
      Daily Living) and of physician ratings of patient outcome was studied in a
      department of internal medicine, 129 patients, 65 years of age or older, were
      assessed independently and simultaneously by licensed practical nurses using
      Katz' Index of ADL and by a physician using clinical judgement. These assessments
      were related to observed outcome regarding survival or death in the ward, length
      of stay, and type of hospital discharge. Two alternative ADL-groupings were used,
      grade A-E versus grade F-G and grade A-F versus grade G. Sensitivity and
      specificity of ADL-ratings and of physician ratings were found to be rather
      similar regarding length of stay less than 10 days and discharge to own home.
      Predictions regarding patient deaths based on ADL-grades F-G and G had a higher
      sensitivity than predictions based on physician ratings. The specificity of the
      two types of predictions was about the same. There was only a fair correlation
      between age and ADL-grade. ADL-assessments may thus be useful for planning
      purposes for elderly patients also in acute medical wards.

PMID- 3685929
TI  - [Essential cryoglobulinemia with glomerulonephritis as a variant of the purpura
      arthralgia-nephritis syndrome].
AB  - The syndrome of mixed cryoglobulinemia is clinically characterized by the
      findings of purpura, arthralgia and glomerulonephritis, the latter developing in
      up to 50% of the cases. The cryoglobulins have rheumatoid factor activity and
      serum levels of complement factor C4 are significantly reduced. A report is
      presented on seven patients with a typical purpura-arthralgia-nephritis syndrome
      and two patients with essential cryoglobulinemia, rheumatoid factor activity and
      glomerulonephritis without extrarenal manifestations of vasculitis. Based on
      these observations, measurement of rheumatoid factor activity is recommended in
      serum of patients with unclassified glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 3685930
TI  - [Basophil degranulation test (BDT) as a parameter of hyposensitization with
      Hymenoptera venoms].
AB  - In a population of 24 insect sting allergy patients undergoing venom
      immunotherapy the basophil degranulation test (BDT) in the patient sera
      ("unwashed" BDT) and with washed leukocytes ("washed" BDT) after incubation with
      bee and wasp (yellow jacket) venom was performed before and during treatment.
      Venom specific IgE and IgG antibodies, detected by means of RAST, were also
      monitored. The "unwashed" BDT usually became negative within 6-9 months of
      beginning immunotherapy, whereas the IgE-RAST was still clearly positive. This
      was attributed to the blocking influence of the venom specific IgG antibodies
      induced by the venom therapy. In fact, at this time the BDT with "washed" blood
      leukocytes, i.e. after elimination of the serum antibodies, was generally still
      positive. Only during further immunotherapy did cellular sensitization in the
      "washed" BDT gradually disappear, whereas the IgE-RAST usually turned out weakly
      positive. A third of the patients showed simultaneously negative results of
      "unwashed" and "washed" BDT, independently of venom specific IgE and IgG levels.
      These findings suggest a specific reactivity change of the blood basophils
      (cellular desensitization) induced by the immunotherapy. The BDT can be used as
      an immunological parameter for IgG-monitoring of the course of venom
      immunotherapy and--in addition to skin tests and IgE-RAST--as a further criterion
      for deciding to stop venom therapy if it turns negative with the washed cells.

PMID- 3685931
TI  - [Incidence of lactase deficiency in patients with involution osteoporosis and in
      normal subjects. Its effect on the nutritional intake of calcium and phosphorus].
AB  - The incidence of lactase deficiency, evaluated by means of a lactose absorption
      test with blood glucose measurements, was compared in a group of 58 women
      suffering from postmenopausal osteoporosis and a control group of 51 normal women
      of the same age and ethnic origin. In the patients suffering from osteoporosis,
      the examination was completed by a glucose-galactose absorption test and in the
      control group by a hydrogen breath test. The prevalence of lactase deficiency is
      of approximately the same magnitude in the two groups (25.8% and 33.3%
      respectively). Dietary investigations showed a calcium intake superior to 1 g per
      day in only 40% of the osteoporotic patients, this deficiency being more
      important in cases where lactase deficiency was observed than in those showing
      normal lactose absorption. The influence of lactose malabsorption on the calcium
      balance, and the role of the latter in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, are
      discussed.

PMID- 3685932
TI  - [Rational iron therapy].
AB  - After a short outline of internal iron metabolism, some principles of iron
      absorption, and especially the difference between heme and non-heme iron
      absorption and some food interactions, are presented. Particular emphasis is
      placed on absorption, since in most cases of iron deficiency oral substitution is
      the rational therapy of choice. Finally, noninvasive methods indicating increased
      iron demand are recalled, and recommendations as to the type, dose, duration and
      evaluation of oral substitution therapy are made.

PMID- 3685933
TI  - The ancestry of the giant panda.

PMID- 3685934
TI  - Synchrotron radiation.

PMID- 3685935
TI  - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of aortic valve lesions in adults].
AB  - Based on a review of the literature and on a personal series of 136 cases the
      reliability of echocardiography and Doppler echocardiography in demonstrating
      aortic stenosis and regurgitation and its value for the analysis of aortic valve
      prosthesis is investigated.

PMID- 3685936
TI  - [Dynamics of cardiac output in patients with hypertrophic obstructive
      cardiomyopathy].
AB  - To characterise the duration of aortic flow velocity waveforms in hypertrophic
      obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) the dynamics of aortic flow were investigated
      in 10 normals and 11 patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
      performing 16-gated Doppler 2D-echocardiography of the ascending aorta. 16 flow
      velocities were recorded along the Doppler beam axis between the anterior and
      posterior aortic walls, and averaged over 8 beats. Flow times were derived from
      the flow curves and normalised by the ejection period as determined from the
      carotid pulse tracing. Thus, relative ejection time (% SEP) was calculated at the
      anterior (gate 4) and the posterior aortic wall (gate 13) as well as at the axis
      of the vessel (gate 9). In normals % SEP was 92 +/- 3% in gate 4, 95 +/- 4% in
      gate 9 and 93 +/- 3% in gate 13 (NS). In patients with HOCM % SEP was 92 +/- 5%
      in gate 4 and 83 +/- 4% (NS) in gate 9. At the posterior aortic wall (gate 13) %
      SEP amounted to 68 +/- 5% and was significantly lower than in gate 9 (P less than
      0.05) and in gate 4 (P less than 0.001) respectively. It is concluded that in
      contrast to normals systolic flow time in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
      varies along the sound beam in the ascending aorta. Flow time recorded at the
      posterior aortic wall is most abbreviated.

PMID- 3685937
TI  - [A method of intraluminal echoarteriography].
AB  - Interventional cardiology and new recanalisation methods have pressed the need
      for high frequency intra-arterial imaging to visualize obstructions. In a first
      in-vitro set-up it is shown that intra-arterial echo imaging is possible. Ideas
      to further integrate this with spark erosion are presented and serve for further
      study.

PMID- 3685938
TI  - [Sonographic detection of meconium in the fetal stomach as an indication of risk
      of intrauterine hypoxia].
AB  - We report on a case in which meconium was detected in the stomach of a foetus at
      36 weeks of gestation. This finding, in addition to a pathological biophysical
      score according to Manning, leads to the diagnosis of foetal hypoxia.

PMID- 3685939
TI  - Study of the behaviour of mutagens in wastewater and emission gas from a
      municipal incinerator evaluated by means of the Ames assay.
AB  - We have investigated the mutagenic activity of extracts from the wastewater of
      sewage treatment plants in municipal waste incinerators and evaluated the
      relative contribution of various routes of emission from the incinerator to the
      total output of mutagens. The mutagenicity of wastewater extracts from a complete
      combustion incinerator was 10% of that from an incomplete combustion unit. About
      90% of all the mutagens produced in a municipal incinerator are discharged into
      the atmosphere as emission gases, and 10% are disposed of in the wastewater
      treatment plants. Most of the mutagens in wastewater treatment plants are not
      decomposed by normal aeration times, but are removed by adsorption onto suspended
      solids.

PMID- 3685940
TI  - Age and survival of an acute carbon monoxide intoxication: an animal model.
AB  - Pathogen-free OF1 male and female mice of six different ages (between 31 and 387
      days), grouped by 10, sex-separated and synchronized by a light (100 lux)-dark
      12:12 alternation, were submitted to an acute LD50 carbon monoxide intoxication
      during the light period during which respiratory and motor activities are at a
      minimum. For this range of ages carbon monoxide survival is not significantly
      influenced by age and is significantly (P less than 0.001) less so in males than
      in females. Resistance to the acute carbon monoxide challenge seems more related
      to factors influencing the longevity of this mouse strain where grouped males are
      particularly aggressive than to respiratory exchanges (VCO2), heart frequencies
      or body temperature.

PMID- 3685941
TI  - Trace elements intake in the Faroe Islands. I. Element levels in edible parts of
      pilot whales (Globicephalus meleanus).
AB  - We examined the distribution of copper, zinc, selenium, arsenic, cadmium and
      mercury (total and methyl mercury) in samples of muscle, liver, kidney and
      blubber from pilot whales (Globicephalus meleanus) caught off the Faroe Islands
      in 1977 and 1978. The very high total mercury level in the mature pilot whale
      exhibited differences among tissues and was highest in the liver. The total
      mercury concentration increased with body size. With increasing body size the
      ratio of methyl mercury to total mercury was relatively constant in muscle and
      kidney, but it decreased in liver. The concentrations of total mercury in the
      tissues of immature whales were much lower than those of mature whales. Selenium
      levels increased with body size. Significant correlation coefficients were found
      between the total mercury and selenium in liver and kidney. Selenium was present
      in the kidney in molar excess relative to mercury, whereas the opposite was the
      case in the muscle tissue. High cadmium contents were found in kidney and liver.
      In muscle and liver no significant correlations were found between cadmium and
      selenium, but a weak correlation between these elements was recorded in the
      kidney.

PMID- 3685942
TI  - Trace elements intake in the Faroe Islands. II. Intake of mercury and other
      elements by consumption of pilot whales (Globicephalus meleanus).
AB  - The long-term intakes of total mercury, methyl mercury and cadmium from eating
      pilot whale (Globicephalus meleanus) in the Faroe Islands have been estimated.
      The long-term intakes of both total and methyl mercury far exceed the Provisional
      Tolerable Weekly Intakes (PTWI) recommended by WHO. For the general population
      The PTWI's are 300 and 200 micrograms mercury per person per week for total and
      methyl mercury, respectively. The calculated intake of methyl mercury in this
      study approaches the lower value (1200 micrograms/person/week) of the recognized
      critical level of methyl mercury intoxication in the general population. In the
      years 1980 and 1981 the cadmium intake from consuming pilot whale foods exceeded
      the PTWI by a factor of 2. The PTWI for cadmium is 400-500
      micrograms/person/week. It is concluded that the general Faroe Island population
      should significantly restrict the consumption of pilot whale foods. Pregnant
      women probably should not eat pilot whale foods at all, as the critical levels
      for methyl mercury intoxication of pregnant women and fetuses are lower by a
      factor of 2-5 than for the general population.

PMID- 3685943
TI  - Selenium and glutathione peroxidase in human saliva and other human body fluids.
AB  - Human body fluids such as mixed saliva, erythrocyte, plasma and mature breast
      milk were analysed for selenium (Se) and Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase (GSH
      Px), which is the only active form of Se known in man. Selenium-dependent GSH-Px
      activity was detected for the first time in human mixed saliva. Body fluid GSH
      Px, Se and protein contents expressed in terms of volume increased in the order,
      saliva less than milk less than plasma less than erythrocyte. However, the
      sequence of increase for GSH-Px (U/mg protein) and GSH-Px-bound Se (%) was plasma
      less than milk less than erythrocyte less than saliva, and that for Se (ng/mg
      protein) was erythrocyte less than saliva less than plasma less than milk.
      Significant positive correlations were found between GSH-Px and Se contents and
      between protein and Se contents expressed per volume for human saliva,
      erythrocyte and the whole human fluids investigated. Positive correlations
      between erythrocyte and plasma Se (ng/mg protein) and between plasma and saliva
      GSH-Px-bound Se (%) were also significant.

PMID- 3685944
TI  - Changes in pattern of organochlorine residues in blood of general Israeli
      population, 1975-1986.
AB  - This study reviews data on the changes with time of the blood levels of some
      organochlorine compounds (OCCs) in the general Israeli population. All the
      studied OCC residues, except for p,p'-DDD, were significantly lower in 1985-1986
      than in 1975. A decline in blood residues of organochlorine pesticides was
      observed mainly in the second half of the 1970s, whereas a fall in the
      polychlorinated biphenyl residue levels took place in the first half of the
      1980s. During the latter period, unexplained increases in p,p'-DDD, dieldrin and
      heptachlor epoxide residue levels were seen. A significant decrease in the blood
      levels of OCCs quickly metabolized in the body (p,p'-DDT, tetrachlorobiphenyls)
      indicated a considerable reduction of environmental exposures. The clear decline
      in OCC contamination of the environment and, in particular, of the human body
      during the reviewed period (1975-1986) resulted from the restrictions imposed in
      Israel on the use of OCCs. Nevertheless this does not mean that this problem has
      been solved. Some health implications of low-level life-long OCC exposure are
      discussed, and further environmental and biological monitoring and control
      measures are recommended.

PMID- 3685945
TI  - Exposure of man to environmental hexachlorobenzene (HCB)--an exposure commitment
      assessment.
AB  - Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is widely distributed and has high persistence in the
      environment. In the 1970s restrictions on its use as a fungicide for cereal
      grains were initiated, but there are other uses and releases from chemical
      manufacturing industries and waste disposal operations. Representative values for
      HCB in environmental media and in man have been used in an exposure commitment
      assessment. The human body burden of HCB, estimated at 0.7 mg, is derived mainly
      from dietary intake of fatty foods, diet contributing approximately 0.2 microgram
      day-1. Inhalation is estimated to contribute about two orders of magnitude less.
      The assessment indicates a low exposure to HCB from the general environment, but
      populations exposed to direct contamination have had increased intake via one or
      both pathways.

PMID- 3685946
TI  - Selenium accumulation in mammals exposed to contaminated California irrigation
      drainwater.
AB  - In May 1984, 332 mammals of 10 species were collected at Kesterson Reservoir (San
      Joaquin Valley, Merced Co., CA), which had received selenium-laden irrigation
      drainwater, and at the nearby Volta Wildlife Area, which had not. The study
      concentrated on the California vole (Microtus californicus); 88 were taken at
      Kesterson, 89 at Volta. Mean selenium concentrations in livers were as much as
      522 times higher at Kesterson. There were species-to-species differences at
      Kesterson; higher selenium concentrations occurred in carnivorous species and/or
      species that feed on foods closely linked to pond water. There were also pond-to
      pond differences at Kesterson; drainwater historically was delivered to Ponds 1
      and 2, where concentrations in 1984 were higher, with subsequent flow to other
      ponds, where they were lower. Whereas none of 50 adult female voles from
      Kesterson was pregnant, 12 of 41 (29%) from Volta were pregnant. However, this
      cessation of reproductive activity at Kesterson was probably not due to selenium
      toxicity but could have resulted because drying conditions at Kesterson forced
      voles to a seed diet earlier than at Volta. One malformation was found among five
      embryonic litters of three species from Kesterson. Mammals seem much less
      susceptible to selenium-induced embryonic abnormalities than birds. No adverse
      impacts of selenium on wild mammals were demonstrated; however, some sensitive
      species might have been extirpated from Kesterson before this study began. In
      addition, high concentrations in small mammal species at Kesterson may threaten
      predatory birds and mammals that feed on them, with the endangered San Joaquin
      kit fox (Vulpes macrotis mutica) of particular concern.

PMID- 3685947
TI  - Selenium contamination of the Grasslands, a major California waterfowl area.
AB  - In a recent study at Kesterson Reservoir in California, selenium was shown to
      cause mortality and deformities in embryos of aquatic birds. The present study
      was conducted to determine if selenium or other contaminants in agricultural
      drainwater used for marsh management were likely to cause similar adverse effects
      in the nearby Grasslands area. Selenium concentrations were elevated (greater
      than 15 ppm, dry-weight) in livers of some birds of all species collected from
      the Grasslands. Mean selenium concentrations in all species sampled in the South
      Grasslands were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than those from the
      "control site", the Volta Wildlife Area. Mean selenium levels in black-necked
      stilts (Himantopus mexicanus) from the South Grasslands (35.6 ppm) were similar
      (P greater than 0.05) to levels in stilts from Kesterson (46.4 ppm), but means
      for American avocets (Recurvirostra americana) from the South Grasslands (67.3
      ppm) were higher (P less than 0.05) than those from Kesterson (28.4 ppm). Bird
      eggs and fish from the Grasslands also contained elevated levels of selenium.
      Concentrations of eight heavy metals in fish generally reflected those patterns
      previously found in water entering the study areas. Of the organochlorines
      detected in fish, only DDE occurred at concentrations potentially harmful to
      birds (6.1 and 3.0 ppm, wet weight, at two South Grassland sites). The effect on
      avian health or reproduction of the other contaminants, singly or in combination,
      could not be determined. However, selenium levels were apparently sufficiently
      elevated in 1984 to have caused adverse effects on avian reproduction in the
      South Grasslands.

PMID- 3685948
TI  - Management of wastewater from soap and food industries: a case study.
AB  - This paper presents the wastewater management of an industrial complex which
      produces different products, i.e. soap, perfume extract, macaroni, jam and
      juices. A continuous monitoring programme for departmental as well as final
      effluents was carried out for almost 3 months. Characterization of the composite
      wastewater from both soap and food processing plants indicated that the waste was
      highly contaminated with organic compounds as indicated by COD and BOD values.
      Moreover, effluent from the soap manufacturing plant contains significant
      concentrations of oil and grease amounting to 563 mg l-1. Soap manufacturing
      effluent and the combined wastes discharged from the whole industrial complex
      were subjected to different treatment processes, namely dissolved air flotation,
      chemical coagulation-sedimentation, and biological treatment via a completely
      mixed activated sludge process. Although coagulation using alum followed by
      sedimentation removed 52% of COD, residual values did not comply with the
      regulatory standards. Biological treatment of the composite combined wastewater
      significantly removed the organic contaminants in wastewater. Average residual
      BOD, COD, oil and grease values were 30, 92 and 8.3 mg l-1 respectively. Based on
      the laboratory results a final process design was developed.

PMID- 3685949
TI  - Rapid multielement analysis of oyster and cockle tissue using X-ray fluorescence
      spectrometry, with application to reconnaissance marine pollution investigations.
AB  - Forty-two elements in four standard reference materials and oyster and cockle
      tissue were analysed by the X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) method.
      Comparisons between certified values for standard reference materials and those
      of the authors indicate that XRF is suitable for determining Ba, Br, Cu, Fe, Mn,
      Pb, Rb, Sr, and Zn in organic matrix. Results for As, Cd, Cr, and Ni indicate
      that XRF is not reliable when analysing within approximately 2 mg kg-1 of the
      detection limits for these elements. XRF has been used to show that cockles
      accumulate Fe, Hg, I, Pb, Sr, Ti and Zn and oysters accumulate Cr, Cu, Fe, La,
      Ni, Ti, Yb, and Zn in moderately polluted areas. Values for As, Cu, Fe, Hg, Ni,
      Pb, Ti and Zn have been verified using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Whilst Hg
      was successfully determined, its limit of detection using XRF (9 mg kg-1) is too
      high if results are to be compared with the commonly used health standard for Hg
      in edible marine biota (0.5 mg kg-1 wet wt.). XRF has the capacity however to
      give an accurate linear response to a broad range of elements in approximately
      the 0-500 mg kg-1 range and is sensitive to much higher values without further
      sample manipulation. Hence, XRF has potential to be employed more extensively
      than is presently the case for elemental monitoring in broad-ranging
      reconnaissance marine pollution studies.

PMID- 3685950
TI  - Size distribution of suspended particulates in different areas and seasons as a
      function of their sulphate and ammonium content.
AB  - The size distribution of particles as a function of sulphate, ammonium and total
      suspended particulates was investigated in the air of two urban and one
      industrial area in winter and in summer. An Andersen cascade impactor was used
      for sampling. Regardless of the character of the area and irrespective of season
      the size weight distributions of sulphate and ammonium-containing particles were
      comparable in all separation stages. A relatively high value of equivalent
      ammonium ion/sulphate ion ratio for separation stages IV and V for the urban
      areas as well as a good correlation between sulphate and ammonium ion
      concentrations were determined. The results support the assumption of ammonium
      ion being a dominant cation which binds to sulphates in urban atmospheres.

PMID- 3685951
TI  - Children's blood lead and exposure to lead in household dust and water--a basis
      for an environmental standard for lead in dust.
AB  - Good quantitative evidence on the role of lead in household dust as a source of
      exposure to children has been lacking. A study of 495 children in Edinburgh,
      Scotland shows a significant relationship between lead in dust vacuumed from the
      floors of the children's homes and their blood lead levels. A multiple regression
      analysis incorporating drinking water and household dust estimates that a 1,000
      micrograms g-1 increase in dust lead concentration would increase blood lead by
      1.9 micrograms dl-1, for a child with the median population blood lead of 10.1
      micrograms dl-1. Dust lead concentration is a more useful predictor of blood lead
      than lead loading. The sanding or blow-lamp stripping of old paint is found to be
      an important source of the higher household dust lead concentrations. Finally,
      the dust lead-blood lead relationship is used to derive a standard for lead in
      house dust, as no such standard exists for this exposure route.

PMID- 3685952
TI  - Some solute transport attenuation properties of the Bunter sandstone, England.
AB  - Laboratory parameters of secondary mechanisms of pollution such as porosity,
      density, primary permeability, formation factor, and diffusion exhibited good
      correlating straight line relationships for triassic Sherwood sandstone. These
      relationships supported the hydrogeopollution studies of the porous medium and
      revealed its good uniformity and homogeneity suitable for mathematical
      formulation. For the study of the mechanisms of attenuation, such as rates and
      heats of adsorption, static equilibrium techniques were employed with
      satisfactory results. Concerning toxic metal pollutants, exothermic reactions
      were involved with Freundlich-type isotherms. With most heats of adsorption found
      to be less than 8 kcal mol-1 (physical adsorption), and due to the high values of
      distribution coefficients, the formation proved to be an excellent retardation
      unit for the disposal of toxic metal pollutants.

PMID- 3685953
TI  - The distribution of mercury in various tissues of guinea-pigs after application
      of dental amalgam fillings (a pilot study).
AB  - Mercury accumulation in brain, kidney, liver and heart following insertion of
      amalgam in the teeth of guinea-pigs has been studied. During the accelerated wear
      of the amalgam in these gnawing animals, a significant mercury accumulation in
      the above tissues was demonstrated. Finely diffused and abraded amalgam must not
      be ignored as a source of absorbable mercury.

PMID- 3685954
TI  - Color removal via adsorption on wood shaving.
AB  - Factors affecting the adsorption capacity of dyes on wood shavings, such as the
      mesh size of the adsorbent, wood dosages, contact time, and the structure of the
      adsorbant, were studied. Adsorption of dye on wood follows the classical
      Freundlich's isotherm. Available results indicated that wood shaving is a good
      adsorbent. Its capacity varies according to the structure of the dye and mesh
      size. Powdered activated carbon was used as a reference adsorbent for the same
      dyes under investigation.

PMID- 3685955
TI  - Cadmium and lead contents of cigarettes produced in various areas of the world.
AB  - Cigarette packs, 331 in total, were purchased in 20 areas including nine in Asia
      between 1982 and 1984, and analyzed for cadmium and lead by flameless atomic
      absorption spectrophotometry after wet digestion with nitric, sulfuric and
      perchloric acids. The arithmetic mean (geometric mean in parentheses) for Cd was
      1.15 (1.06) micrograms/cigarette or 1.45 (1.31) micrograms/g, and the values for
      Pb were 1.70 (1.31) micrograms/cigarette or 1.76 (1.67) micrograms/g. The Cd
      content of cigarettes was distributed over a wide range from 0.29 to 3.38
      micrograms/g, and the range was even wider for Pb, 0.46 to 43.66 micrograms/g.
      The mean values varied markedly depending on the area of production. It was not
      possible, however, to obtain any evidence to suggest that the differences in Cd
      and Pb contents are related to the area of production or the extent of industrial
      development of the area.

PMID- 3685956
TI  - Small effect on plasma selenium level by occupational lead exposure.
AB  - Selenium level in plasma (P-Se) was slightly, but statistically significantly (2p
      = 0.02) lower in 25 lead-exposed secondary smelter workers (P-Se 1.09 +/- 0.02
      mumol l-1, mean +/- SEM; blood lead level, B-Pb, 1.9 +/- 0.1 mumol l-1) than in
      25 matched controls (P-Se 1.16 +/- 0.03 mumol l-1; B-Pb 0.2 +/- 0.01 mumol l-1).
      Further, there was a significant negative (2p = 0.02) correlation (r = -0.33)
      between B-Pb and P-Se. The data indicate a minor interaction, in humans, between
      occupational lead exposure and selenium status.

PMID- 3685958
TI  - Zinc and copper levels in serum, urine, and hair of humans in relation to blood
      pressure.
AB  - Zinc and copper status was evaluated in 63 early hypertensives and compared with
      that of 63 normotensives matched for sex, age, smoking habits and body mass
      index. Zinc and copper in serum, urine and hair were measured, and the serum
      activity of two zinc-dependent enzymes (AP and LDH) were analysed. Mean urinary
      copper concentration in patients was 14.11 micrograms g-1 creatinine compared
      with 9.16 micrograms g-1 creatinine in normotensive subjects (paired "t" = 3.94,
      p less than 0.001). Serum AP and LDH were significantly decreased (16 and 36%,
      respectively) in the patients compared with controls, although almost all values
      fell within the normal range of activities. Systolic and diastolic pressures were
      significantly and positively correlated to urinary copper excretion. These
      correlations were still apparent after correcting blood pressure values for other
      urinary measurements. Blood pressure levels (both systolic and diastolic) were
      also negatively correlated with the two zinc-dependent enzymes.

PMID- 3685957
TI  - Pattern of cadmium contamination in the liver and kidneys of moose and white
      tailed deer in Quebec.
AB  - Samples of moose (N = 431) and white-tailed deer (N = 225) liver and kidneys were
      collected during the 1985 hunting season from 14 zones south of the 50 degree
      latitude in Quebec. Regional differences in cadmium level in the liver were
      detected and three homogeneous areas were delineated for each species. Uptake was
      greater for moose than for deer: in the liver, mean concentrations were 2.9-15.9
      mg kg-1 (dry weight) for moose and 0.8-2.6 for deer, depending on the area and
      sex; in kidneys, means ranged between 31.8-100.5 and 20.9-39.0 mg kg-1,
      respectively. Female moose had lower levels than bulls. Less affected moose, in
      eastern Quebec, contained cadmium concentrations comparable to the highest values
      measured in Scandinavia. Cadmium uptake in deer was on the same level or higher
      than in the United States. Our results indicate a widespread presence of this
      heavy metal in the environment that may be linked to acid precipitation. We do
      not recommend consuming wild cervid liver or kidneys in Quebec for the moment.
      Further research is needed on the overall mechanisms involved in the cadmium
      contamination of the environment and on the actual intake of this metal in the
      human diet.

PMID- 3685959
TI  - Reduction of airborne fluoride emissions from Canadian aluminium smelters as
      revealed by snow chemistry.
AB  - Fluorides in surface snowcover originating from two old Canadian aluminium
      smelters were studied over an area of 4500 km2, in March 1978 and 1984. During
      that period, the completion of a depollution programme within the smelters
      reduced the airborne gaseous emissions from 1.5 to 0.7 kg Ft-1 of metal produced.
      In 1978, more than 3000 km2 of the regional area was contaminated by industrial
      fluorides with snowborne concentrations of up to 13 mg l-1. Reduction of the
      gaseous fluoride emissions, concomitant with a substantial reduction of the total
      particulate emissions, have greatly decreased the snowborne fluoride
      contamination so that the maximum concentration of fluorides in snow is now only
      1 mg l-1.

PMID- 3685960
TI  - A record of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollution obtained from
      accreting sediments of the Tamar Estuary, U.K.: evidence for non-equilibrium
      behaviour of PAH.
AB  - Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were quantified
      throughout a 210Po-dated inter-tidal sediment core from the Tamar Estuary, U.K.
      in order to reconstruct the input history and investigate environmental
      reactivity of PAH in sediments. The profile recorded is similar to those reported
      in other aquatic sedimentary studies, with an approximately exponential increase
      in the concentrations of individual PAH from less than 30 ng (g dry sediment)-1
      prior to 1940 to between 100 and 1000 ng (g dry sediment)-1 in contemporary
      surface sediments. This corresponds to an increased input of total PAH from 0.23
      to 21 mg m-2 year-1. The PAH composition is dominated by parent compounds rather
      than alkylated homologues and is characteristic of pyrogenic sources correlating
      with increased motor vehicle activity and road runoff into the Tamar. There is a
      remarkable compositional uniformity of PAH throughout the polluted sediment core,
      indicating that the biogeochemical transformation and exchange processes
      (sorption/leaching; microbial breakdown; photo-degradation; etc.) which are known
      to govern the fate of experimentally-added or petroleum-derived PAH, and which
      exhibit compound discrimination, appear not to affect PAH in the sediments. Using
      a linear free energy sediment-water exchange model to simulate the repartitioning
      and exchange of individual PAH between the surface-mixed layer of sediment and
      water, we demonstrate that the current PAH concentrations in sediments are
      between 2 and 5 orders of magnitude greater than those expected from equilibrium
      partitioning with observed water concentrations. This implies that the PAH input
      to the sediments has been compositionally uniform and that the PAH are chemically
      inert. Sorptive exchange with the aqueous phase and hence the potential
      bioavailability of PAH appear restricted by the existence of occluded and other
      micro-morphologically inert forms of particle-bound PAH.

PMID- 3685961
TI  - Frontiers in immunology.

PMID- 3685963
TI  - China's population program.

PMID- 3685962
TI  - Recombinant DNA release: European regulation.

PMID- 3685964
TI  - Radiation accident grips Goiania.

PMID- 3685965
TI  - Fresh troops for President's AIDS panel.

PMID- 3685966
TI  - Another muzzle for AIDS education?

PMID- 3685967
TI  - Nerve terminal remodeling visualized in living mice by repeated examination of
      the same neuron.
AB  - The distribution of presynaptic endings on the surfaces of autonomic ganglion
      cells was mapped in living mice after intravenous administration of a styryl
      pyridinium dye. The staining and imaging techniques did not appear to damage the
      ganglion cells, or the synapses on them; these procedures could therefore be
      repeated after an arbitrary period. Observations of the same neurons at intervals
      of up to 3 weeks indicate that the pattern of preganglionic terminals on many of
      these nerve cells gradually changes.

PMID- 3685969
TI  - "Homology" controversy.

PMID- 3685968
TI  - GenBank information.

PMID- 3685970
TI  - Mitochondrial DNA in sperm.

PMID- 3685971
TI  - U.S. antiabortion policy may increase abortions.

PMID- 3685972
TI  - In the shadow of the budget ax.

PMID- 3685973
TI  - The first Americans are getting younger.

PMID- 3685974
TI  - Speaking in many tongues.

PMID- 3685975
TI  - Purification and properties of Drosophila heat shock activator protein.
AB  - Drosophila heat shock activator protein, a rare transacting factor which is
      induced upon heat shock to bind specifically to the heat shock regulatory
      sequence in vivo, has been purified from shocked cells to more than 95 percent
      homogeneity by sequence-specific duplex oligonucleotide affinity chromatography.
      The purified protein has a relative molecular mass of 110 kilodaltons, binds to
      the regulatory sequence with great affinity and specificity, and strongly
      stimulates transcription of the Drosophila hsp70 gene. Studies with this
      regulatory protein should lead to an understanding of the biochemical pathway
      underlying the heat shock phenomenon.

PMID- 3685976
TI  - A cell-cycle constraint on the regulation of gene expression by platelet-derived
      growth factor.
AB  - In density-arrested monolayer cultures of Balb/c 3T3 cells, platelet-derived
      growth factor (PDGF) stimulates expression of the c-myc and c-fos proto
      oncogenes, as well as the functionally uncharacterized genes, JE, KC, and JB.
      These genes are not coordinately regulated. Under ordinary conditions, c-fos, JE,
      KC, and JB respond to PDGF only when the cells are in a state of G0 growth arrest
      at the time of PDGF addition. The c-myc gene is regulated in opposition to the
      other genes, responding best to PDGF in cycling cultures.

PMID- 3685977
TI  - Mutations in the first exon are associated with altered transcription of c-myc in
      Burkitt lymphoma.
AB  - The c-myc proto-oncogene is involved in chromosomal translocations that are
      specifically and consistently found in Burkitt lymphoma. Although these
      translocations are thought to lead to a deregulation of c-myc expression, the
      structural and functional basis of this phenomenon has not been identified.
      Mutations in a specific region spanning approximately 70 base pairs and located
      at the 3' border of the first exon of translocated c-myc alleles were
      consistently detected in Burkitt lymphoma cells carrying classic (8:14) as well
      as variant (8:22 and 2:8) translocations. These structural alterations were
      accompanied by an altered pattern of c-myc transcription, namely, the removal of
      a block to transcriptional elongation that has been mapped to the same region.
      Thus, specific c-myc mutations leading to the alleviation of this block to
      transcriptional elongation may represent a general mechanism causing c-myc
      activation in Burkitt lymphoma.

PMID- 3685978
TI  - Acylation of proteins with myristic acid occurs cotranslationally.
AB  - Several proteins of viral and cellular origin are acylated with myristic acid
      early during their biogenesis. To investigate the possibility that myristylation
      occurred cotranslationally, the BC3H1 muscle cell line, which contains a broad
      array of myristylated proteins, was pulse-labeled with [3H]myristic acid. Nascent
      polypeptide chains covalently associated with transfer RNA were isolated
      subsequently by ion-exchange chromatography. [3H]Myristate was attached to
      nascent chains through an amide linkage and was identified by thin-layer
      chromatography after its release from nascent chains by acid methanolysis.
      Inhibition of cellular protein synthesis with puromycin resulted in cessation of
      [3H]myristate-labeling of nascent chains, in agreement with the dependence of
      this modification on protein synthesis in vivo. These data represent a direct
      demonstration that myristylation of proteins is a cotranslational modification.

PMID- 3685979
TI  - Tumor cell rejection through terminal cell differentiation.
AB  - Leukemic cells cultured in the presence of various conditioned media
      differentiate into macrophages. This finding suggested that the maintenance of
      undifferentiated state and self-renewal in vivo may be related to the inability
      of the host to generate an appropriate level of differentiation factor (DF).
      Evidence for this hypothesis was derived from experiments in vitro and in vivo
      with myeloid leukemia of rat. The following results were obtained: (i) in vitro,
      the percentage of cell differentiation at a fixed concentration of DF was
      inversely related to the concentration of cells; (ii) leukemic cell inoculates
      that were lethal to 7-day-old rats were rejected by 21-day-old rats; (iii)
      leukemic cells in diffusion chambers underwent differentiation in 21-day-old rats
      but not in 7-day-old rats; (iv) organs from 21-day-old rats contained more DF
      activity than those of 7-day-old rats; (v) treatment of rats with DF in diffusion
      chambers resulted in leukemic cell differentiation inside the chamber; and (vi)
      the development of leukemia in 7-day-old rats was aborted by treatment with DF.
      These results show that the differentiation of rat leukemia cells requires the
      appropriate level of DF. The proliferation of transplanted leukemia cells in 7
      day-old rats goes unchecked because of inadequate generation of DF. Conversely,
      in the 21-day-old rats, rejection is accomplished by differentiation of the
      transplanted cells.

PMID- 3685980
TI  - Epilepsy hypothesis.

PMID- 3685981
TI  - Apples, frogs, and animal rights.

PMID- 3685982
TI  - British government rekindles debate on embryo research.

PMID- 3685983
TI  - Gallo to stay at NIH--for now, at least.

PMID- 3685984
TI  - Radiation dose limits.

PMID- 3685985
TI  - Do animals read minds, tell lies?

PMID- 3685986
TI  - Generation of a hybrid sequence-specific single-stranded deoxyribonuclease.
AB  - The relatively nonspecific single-stranded deoxyribonuclease, staphylococcal
      nuclease, was selectively fused to an oligonucleotide binding site of defined
      sequence to generate a hybrid enzyme. A cysteine was substituted for Lys116 in
      the enzyme by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis and coupled to an
      oligonucleotide that contained a 3'-thiol. The resulting hybrid enzyme cleaved
      single-stranded DNA at sites adjacent to the oligonucleotide binding site.

PMID- 3685988
TI  - More on chemical carcinogenesis.

PMID- 3685987
TI  - Virus-induced increases in plasma corticosterone.

PMID- 3685989
TI  - Facial recognition cells and autism.

PMID- 3685990
TI  - Academy helps Army be all that it can be.

PMID- 3685991
TI  - Wyngaarden to chair Biotech Council.

PMID- 3685992
TI  - Reading frame selection and transfer RNA anticodon loop stacking.
AB  - Messenger RNA's are translated in successive three-nucleotide steps (a reading
      frame), therefore decoding must proceed in only one of three possible frames. A
      molecular model for correct propagation of the frame is presented based on (i)
      the measured translational properties of transfer RNA's (tRNA's) that contain an
      extra nucleotide in the anticodon loop and (ii) a straightforward concept about
      anticodon loop structure. The model explains the high accuracy of reading frame
      maintenance by normal tRNA's, as well as activities of all characterized
      frameshift suppressor tRNA's that have altered anticodon loops.

PMID- 3685993
TI  - Genetic ablation: targeted expression of a toxin gene causes microphthalmia in
      transgenic mice.
AB  - Lineage-specific regulatory elements can be used to direct expression of a
      variety of genes to specific tissues in transgenic mice. If the hybrid constructs
      contain a gene encoding a cytotoxic gene product, then genetic ablation of a
      specific cell lineage can be achieved. We have generated six transgenic mice by
      introducing into fertilized eggs the mouse gamma 2-crystallin promoter fused to
      the coding region of the diphtheria toxin A-chain gene. Three of these mice and
      all the transgenic offspring analyzed were microphthalmic. The lenses of these
      mice displayed considerable heterogeneity: some were almost normal
      morphologically but reduced in size, whereas others were grossly aberrant and
      deficient in nuclear fiber cells. These studies indicate that programmed ablation
      of specific cell types can be stably transmitted through the germ line.

PMID- 3685994
TI  - Similarity of synthetic peptide from human tumor to parathyroid hormone in vivo
      and in vitro.
AB  - One mechanism considered responsible for the hypercalcemia that frequently
      accompanies malignancy is secretion by the tumor of a circulating factor that
      alters calcium metabolism. The structure of a tumor-secreted peptide was recently
      determined and found to be partially homologous to parathyroid hormone (PTH). The
      amino-terminal 1-34 region of the factor was synthesized and evaluated
      biologically. In vivo it produced hypercalcemia, acted on bone and kidney, and
      stimulated 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 formation. In vitro it interacted with PTH
      receptors and, in some systems, was more potent than PTH. These studies support a
      long-standing hypothesis regarding pathogenesis of malignancy-associated
      hypercalcemia.

PMID- 3685995
TI  - Parathyroid hormone-related protein of malignancy: active synthetic fragments.
AB  - Peptides corresponding to the amino-terminal region of the parathyroid hormone
      related protein (PTHrP) of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy were synthesized.
      A 34-amino acid peptide, PTHrP(1-34), was two to four times more potent than
      bovine or human PTH(1-34) in bioassays promoting the formation of adenosine 3',5'
      monophosphate (cAMP) and plasminogen activator activity in osteogenic sarcoma
      cells and adenylate cyclase activity in chick kidney membranes. Like parathyroid
      hormone itself, in which the activity resides in the first 34 residues, PTHrP
      peptides of less than 30 residues from the amino terminus showed substantially
      reduced activity. PTHrP(1-34) had only 6% of the potency of bovine PTH(1-34) in
      promoting bone resorption in vitro. PTHrP(1-34) strongly promoted the excretion
      of cAMP and phosphorus and reduced the excretion of calcium in the isolated,
      perfused rat kidney consistent with the symptoms seen in malignant hypercalcemia.

PMID- 3685997
TI  - Do 15 million cat neurons mediate the memory of a circle and a star?

PMID- 3685998
TI  - California's proposition 65: a reply.

PMID- 3685999
TI  - Cholesterol guidelines.

PMID- 3685996
TI  - Identification of the iron-responsive element for the translational regulation of
      human ferritin mRNA.
AB  - Regulated translation of messenger RNA offers an important mechanism for the
      control of gene expression. The biosynthesis of the intracellular iron storage
      protein ferritin is translationally regulated by iron. A cis-acting element that
      is both necessary and sufficient for this translational regulation is present
      within the 5' nontranslated leader region of the human ferritin H-chain messenger
      RNA. In this report the iron-responsive element (IRE) was identified by
      deletional analysis. Moreover, a synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide was shown to be
      able to transfer iron regulation to a construct that would otherwise not be able
      to respond to iron. The IRE has been highly conserved and predates the
      evolutionary segregation between amphibians, birds, and man. The IRE may prove to
      be useful for the design of translationally regulated expression systems.

PMID- 3686000
TI  - Liability insurance and litigation.

PMID- 3686001
TI  - Development in the Guinea savanna.

PMID- 3686002
TI  - The cognitive unconscious.
AB  - In Deborah Barnes' article "New questions about AIDS test accuracy" (News &
      Comment, 13 Nov., p. 884), the prevalence for the HIV infection rate in civilians
      applying for service in the U.S. Army is incorrectly stated. The correct rate is
      0.15%, or 1.5 infected people in 1000 tested.

PMID- 3686003
TI  - Maxwell may back Gallo.

PMID- 3686004
TI  - Soviets test Monsanto's milk production hormone.

PMID- 3686005
TI  - Atomic bomb doses reassessed.

PMID- 3686006
TI  - Broad attack launched on the nervous system.

PMID- 3686007
TI  - Determination of anteroposterior polarity in Drosophila.
AB  - The principles of pattern formation in embryogenesis can be studied in Drosophila
      by means of a powerful combination of genetic and transplantation experiments.
      The segmented pattern of the Drosophila embryo is organized by two activities
      localized at the anterior and posterior egg poles. Both activities exert inducing
      and polarizing effects on the pattern when transplanted to other egg regions. A
      small set of maternal genes have been identified that are required for these
      activities. Mutants in these genes lack either the anterior or posterior part of
      the segmented pattern. The unsegmented terminal embryonic regions require a third
      class of genes and form independently of the anterior and posterior centers.

PMID- 3686008
TI  - Genetic reconstitution of functional acetylcholine receptor channels in mouse
      fibroblasts.
AB  - Foreign genes can be stably integrated into the genome of a cell by means of DNA
      mediated gene transfer techniques, and large quantities of homogenous cells that
      continuously express these gene products can then be isolated. Such an expression
      system can be used to study the functional consequences of introducing specific
      mutations into genes and to study the expressed protein in the absence of
      cellular components with which it is normally in contact. All four Torpedo
      acetylcholine receptor (AChR) subunit complementary DNA's were introduced into
      the genome of a mouse fibroblast cell by DNA-mediated gene transfer. A clonal
      cell line that stably produced high concentrations of correctly assembled cell
      surface AChR's and formed proper ligand-gated ion channels was isolated. With
      this new expression system, recombinant DNA, biochemical, pharmacological, and
      electrophysiological techniques were combined to study Torpedo AChR's in a single
      intact system. The physiological and pharmacological profiles of Torpedo AChR's
      expressed in mouse fibroblast cells differ in some details from those described
      earlier, and may provide a more accurate reflection of the properties of this
      receptor in its natural environment.

PMID- 3686009
TI  - Intracellular topography of rhodopsin bleaching.
AB  - In a vertebrate eye, the photoreceptor cells are aligned so that most of the
      light passes through them lengthwise. At the light-transducing outer segment
      region of the photoreceptor, photons are absorbed in a time-varying, spatially
      dependent fashion. Because the transduction event is spatially localized around
      the site of photon absorption, the spatiotemporal patterns of light absorption in
      outer segments are an important receiver input characteristic. This aspect of
      receptor biophysics has now been measured; the results were consistent with a
      theoretical model proposed for bleaching of a pigment in an unstirred layer.

PMID- 3686010
TI  - Sodium-calcium exchange in heart: membrane currents and changes in [Ca2+]i.
AB  - Recordings have been made of changes in intracellular calcium ion concentration
      ([Ca2+]i) that can be attributed to the operation of an electrogenic, voltage
      dependent sodium-calcium (Na-Ca) exchanger in mammalian heart cells. Guinea pig
      ventricular myocytes under voltage clamp were perfused internally with fura-2, a
      fluorescent Ca2+-indicator, and changes in [Ca2+]i and membrane current that
      resulted from Na-Ca exchange were identified through the use of various organic
      channel blockers and impermeant ions. Depolarization of cells elicited slow
      increases in [Ca2+]i, with the maximum increase depending on internal [Na+],
      external [Ca2+], and membrane voltage. Repolarization was associated with net
      Ca2+ efflux and a decline in the inward current that developed instantaneously
      upon repolarization. The relation between [Ca2+]i and current was linear, and the
      slope was made steeper by hyperpolarization.

PMID- 3686011
TI  - Structure of a psoralen cross-linked DNA in solution by nuclear magnetic
      resonance.
AB  - One- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods were used to
      determine a three-dimensional model of an eight-base-pair DNA fragment (d
      GGGTACCC) cross-linked with psoralen in solution. Two-dimensional nuclear
      Overhauser effect experiments were used to assign the spectrum and estimate
      distances for 171 proton pairs in the cross-linked DNA. The NMR-derived model
      shows a 53 degree bend into the major groove that occurs primarily at the site of
      drug addition and a 56 degree unwinding that spans the eight-base-pair duplex.

PMID- 3686012
TI  - Protein kinase C contains a pseudosubstrate prototope in its regulatory domain.
AB  - The regulatory domain of protein kinase C contains an amino acid sequence between
      residues 19 and 36 that resembles a substrate phosphorylation site in its
      distribution of basic residue recognition determinants. The corresponding
      synthetic peptide (Arg19-Phe-Ala-Arg-Lys-Gly-Ala25-Leu-Arg-Gln-Lys-Asn-Val-His 
      Glu-Val-Lys-Asn36) acts as a potent substrate antagonist with an inhibitory
      constant of 147 +/- 9 nM. It is a specific inhibitor of protein kinase C and
      inhibits both autophosphorylation and protein substrate phosphorylation.
      Substitution of Ala25 with serine transforms the pseudosubstrate into a potent
      substrate. These results demonstrate that the conserved region of the regulatory
      domain (residues 19 to 36) of protein kinase C has the secondary structural
      features of a pseudosubstrate and may be responsible for maintaining the enzyme
      in the inactive form in the absence of allosteric activators such as
      phospholipids.

PMID- 3686013
TI  - The cerebellum and memory storage.

PMID- 3686014
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies as phylogenetic labels.

PMID- 3686015
TI  - Color vision and the Retinex theory.

PMID- 3686016
TI  - Thrombospondin.

PMID- 3686017
TI  - Structural organization of the thrombospondin molecule.

PMID- 3686019
TI  - Thiol-disulfide exchange by thrombospondin.

PMID- 3686018
TI  - Structure of human thrombospondin: complete amino acid sequence derived from
      cDNA.
AB  - Elucidation of the complete amino acid sequence of TSP has suggested plausible
      explanations for all of the earlier observations on TSP structure and has already
      suggested new and interesting avenues of investigation aimed at determining the
      precise function and mechanism of TSP action as a matrix protein. The potential
      for Ca++-regulated exposure of the RGDA sequence could represent a new level of
      control for this important recognition system. We have already shown that the
      binding of TSP to collagen is modulated by the binding of Ca++ to this region of
      TSP. That is, high Ca++ results in a lower affinity of TSP for collagen, whereas
      lower Ca++ concentrations enhance the affinity of this interaction. The highly
      conserved, although short, 15-residue segment, which is nearly identical to
      region II of the sporozoite malaria protein, may indicate that TSP interacts with
      a receptor on liver cells, which the malaria parasite uses to gain its initial
      toehold in the body. If so, this would be another example of pathogenic organisms
      using a preexisting host recognition system to gain entry to cells where it can
      multiply. The collagen propeptide-like segment occurs in the collagen-binding
      domain of TSP and thus may represent the site at which TSP interacts with the
      collagens. These speculations form the starting point for many exciting lines of
      experimentation, which will provide us with a better understanding of the role of
      TSP in hemostasis, in the matrix of a variety of cells, and in development.

PMID- 3686020
TI  - Endogenous platelet lectin and thrombospondin function.

PMID- 3686021
TI  - Thrombospondin and the adhesive behavior of platelets.
AB  - The adhesion-promoting activity of TSP has been examined in four systems. Both
      the amino-terminal heparin-binding domain and the large globular carboxy-terminal
      domains have been implicated in the agglutination of erythrocytes and fixed
      activated platelets by TSP. Sulfatides specifically bind TSP and may serve as a
      membrane receptor for the heparin-binding domain of TSP. The large globular
      domains of TSP have been implicated in secretion-dependent platelet aggregation.
      Activation-dependent adhesion of platelets to TSP substrates does not appear to
      be mediated solely by direct interaction of TSP with platelet membrane
      components, but appears to be mediated in large part by intervening bridging
      molecules, such as fibronectin or fibrinogen. Thus, different regions of the
      complex TSP molecule are of varying importance in the different systems. No
      single simple system appears adequate for exploration of the adhesion-promoting
      activity of TSP.

PMID- 3686022
TI  - Mechanisms for expression of thrombospondin on the platelet cell surface.

PMID- 3686024
TI  - Endothelial cell thrombospondin and its possible role in cell adhesion.

PMID- 3686023
TI  - Binding of thrombospondin to immobilized ligands: specific interaction with
      fibrinogen, plasminogen, histidine-rich glycoprotein, and fibronectin.

PMID- 3686025
TI  - Thrombospondin in milk, other breast secretions, and breast tissue.
AB  - Colostrum and milk contained high concentrations of thrombospondin, although the
      concentration relative to total protein content decreased as lactation was
      established. Thrombospondin occurred in the aqueous phase of milk rather than as
      a component of the milk fat globule membrane. It could be purified from colostrum
      using established procedures after removal of lipid from the starting material.
      The intact protein had a molecular weight of 450 kd, but the product contained
      small peptides, perhaps as a result of proteolytic activity in the colostrum.
      Thrombospondin from goat colostrum displayed a different proteolytic
      fragmentation pattern from thrombospondins isolated from three human sources, but
      this could be a species- rather than tissue-specific difference. Breast cancer
      cytosols contained significantly more thrombospondin than cytosols from normal
      tissue or benign dysplasias. Thrombospondin levels in a variety of breast
      secretions all fell within the range found in colostrum and milk, as did the
      fluids from Na+ (group II) breast cysts. K+ (group I) cysts, however, contained
      fluids with low thrombospondin concentrations, eliminating apocrine cells as the
      source of thrombospondin in the breast.

PMID- 3686026
TI  - [Functional treatment of fresh fibular ligament rupture. An experimental study].

PMID- 3686027
TI  - [Management of blunt vascular-plexus lesions of the arm].

PMID- 3686028
TI  - [Surgical therapy of chondral and osteochondral ruptures of the fibular ligament
      system in the growth period].

PMID- 3686029
TI  - [Fractures of the zygomatic bone and orbit. Surgical treatment at small
      hospitals].

PMID- 3686030
TI  - [Arthroscopic management of dislocated ruptures of the intercondylar eminence in
      children and adolescents].

PMID- 3686032
TI  - [Progress in the diagnosis of intra-articular calcaneus fractures by computerized
      tomography].

PMID- 3686031
TI  - [Dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint].

PMID- 3686033
TI  - [Sarmiento functional treatment of humeral shaft fractures].

PMID- 3686034
TI  - [Determination of the actual time requirement in surgical accident operations as
      a principle for calculating staff plans in the medical service of hospitals].

PMID- 3686035
TI  - [The distal radio-ulnar joint. Morphologic aspects and surgical orthopedic
      consequences].

PMID- 3686036
TI  - [Spinal and concomitant injuries in patients with polytrauma in the growth
      stage].

PMID- 3686037
TI  - [Dislocation of the peroneal tendons. New possibilities in diagnosis and
      surgery].

PMID- 3686038
TI  - Bone density studies.

PMID- 3686039
TI  - Abnormalities of the hands during the arterial phase of skeletal scintigraphy.

PMID- 3686040
TI  - Abnormalities of the hands during the blood-pool phase of skeletal scintigraphy.

PMID- 3686041
TI  - Unilateral abnormalities of the hands during the osseous phase of skeletal
      scintigraphy.

PMID- 3686042
TI  - Bilateral abnormalities of the hands during the osseous phase of skeletal
      scintigraphy.

PMID- 3686043
TI  - Implications of dose intensity for cancer clinical trials.

PMID- 3686044
TI  - Impact of dose-intense chemotherapy on the development of permanent drug
      resistance.
AB  - Using a somatic mutation theory for drug resistance, dose intense regimens are
      shown to be superior in increasing the likelihood of no doubly resistant cells
      and in curing the tumor. Consideration of this model suggests that dose intensity
      of early chemotherapy cycles should be calculated separately and correlated with
      treatment outcome.

PMID- 3686045
TI  - The description of chemotherapy delivery: options and pitfalls.
AB  - Delivered and planned drug doses in chemotherapy trials are analyzed in relation
      to dose size, dose rate, and total drug delivery. Time-dose factors are presented
      in different ways, further exploring what may be misleading when comparing one
      treatment program with another. The time frame over which treatment intensity is
      to be calculated is recognized as arbitrary and not necessarily from start to end
      of treatment. Considerations for doses missed are presented. The cumulative-dose
      plot represents a new method of data presentation. This method graphically
      captures both intensity and total drug delivery per patient, and is helpful when
      analyzing trials designed to isolate treatment variables and improve the
      therapeutic index of available drugs.

PMID- 3686046
TI  - Leukemia. IV.

PMID- 3686048
TI  - Hematologic issues in contemporary hematology.

PMID- 3686047
TI  - Prognostic factors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - The Rai staging system is widely used and is easy to apply in clinical practice.
      The system introduced by Binet et al offers an advantage that it consists only of
      three stages and, therefore, is more practical for initiation of controlled
      therapeutic trials than the five-stage Rai system. However, when we take into
      consideration the survival curves, it is important to note that the Rai system
      has three groups (and not five), low risk (stage O), intermediate risk (stages I
      and II), and high risk (stages III and IV). These groups are roughly equivalent
      to Binet's A, B, and C stages, respectively. Although the IWCLL has recommended a
      unified, integrated method of combining Binet and Rai systems, in practice,
      however, such a combination is cumbersome and unusable. Both systems, however,
      suffer from an important limitation--they cannot predict for the large majority
      of patients in the low and intermediate risk groups (Binet's stages A and B and
      Rai's O, I, and II) who will have an indolent course and good prognosis in
      contrast to those in the same stages whose disease will progress rapidly. It is
      necessary, therefore, to combine the bone marrow histology findings, the
      lymphocyte doubling time and the threshold values of blood lymphocyte count with
      the clinical staging systems to distinguish between indolent disease course and
      aggressive disease on a prospective basis within a given clinical stage.

PMID- 3686050
TI  - Renal neoplasms.

PMID- 3686049
TI  - Intrapulmonary dermoid cyst.

PMID- 3686051
TI  - [Antagonism to the effect of morphine on electric discharges of pain-related
      neurons in the nucleus parafascicularis of the thalamus by cholecystokinin
      octapeptide].

PMID- 3686052
TI  - [Analgesia induced by morphine administered to the nucleus accumbens was blocked
      by naloxone or [Met5] enkephalin antiserum injected into the periaqueductal gray
      of the rabbit].

PMID- 3686053
TI  - [Miniature end-plate currents of slow and fast extraocular muscle fibres of the
      guinea pig].

PMID- 3686055
TI  - [Studies on the spontaneous contraction and the response to NE of isolated
      oviductal isthmic muscle from Chinese women under different ovarian hormonal
      conditions].

PMID- 3686054
TI  - [Effects of inosine on the transmembrane potential and contractility of the
      hypoxic cardiac muscle].

PMID- 3686056
TI  - [Effect of stimulation of the basolateral amygdaloid nucleus on unit discharges
      of neurons of the habenular nucleus].

PMID- 3686057
TI  - [Observation of cholinergic effect on the postprandial release of neurotensin in
      man].

PMID- 3686058
TI  - [Opiate system-mediated hypotensive and bradycardiac effect evoked by
      norepinephrine injected into the subnucleus commissurius of the nucleus
      solitarius tractus of rabbit].

PMID- 3686059
TI  - [Effect of microinjection of angiotensin II into the subnucleus commissurius of
      the nucleus solitarius tractus on cardiovascular activity in the rabbit].

PMID- 3686060
TI  - [Vagal nerve stimulation-induced suppression of ventricular fibrillation in
      rabbits].

PMID- 3686061
TI  - [The relationship between change in the concentration of plasma free fatty acids
      and the period of interdigestive myoelectric complex].

PMID- 3686062
TI  - [Inhibition of human sperm penetration into zona-free hamster oocytes by
      proteinase inhibitors].

PMID- 3686063
TI  - [A method of chronic electrode implantation for recording cochlear potentials
      from the external auditory canal in guinea pigs].

PMID- 3686064
TI  - Between- vs. within-family analyses of the correlation of height and
      intelligence.

PMID- 3686065
TI  - Further causes of assortative mating: the norms for perceived husband superiority
      and Mutt-and-Jeff avoidance. Comment on Epstein and Guttman's "Mate selection in
      man: evidence, theory, and outcome".

PMID- 3686066
TI  - Sex differentials in infant and child mortality in Korea.

PMID- 3686067
TI  - Comment on Sweet and Rindfuss "Those ubiquitous fertility trends: United States,
      1945-1979".

PMID- 3686069
TI  - Factors influencing decisions to terminate life.

PMID- 3686068
TI  - Reservation and non-reservation American Indian mortality in 1970 and 1978.

PMID- 3686070
TI  - Contraceptive practices and fertility among Southeast Asian, black, and white
      mothers attending a maternal infant care program.

PMID- 3686071
TI  - Male fertility attitudes: a neglected dimension in Nigerian fertility research.

PMID- 3686072
TI  - Effects of consanguineous marriages on fertility among three endogamous groups of
      Andhra Pradesh.

PMID- 3686073
TI  - Breast-feeding, social variables, and infant mortality: a hazards model analysis
      of the case of Malaysia.

PMID- 3686074
TI  - Academic and psychosocial characteristics of low-birthweight adolescents.

PMID- 3686075
TI  - Improving the geographical accessibility of health care in rural areas: a
      Nigerian case study.
AB  - The paper addresses problems of geographical accessibility of health care in
      rural areas of Nigeria. It provides analyses of the location, distribution and
      accessibility of government-provided health care facilities to people and
      presents a framework for measuring improvements in accessibility and for
      assessing the efficiency of decisions about location of new facilities. It shows
      that while accessibility in the study area improved between 1979 and 1982 through
      the establishment of more dispensaries and maternity and child-welfare centres,
      the relative efficiency of locations has remained low. It identifies alternate
      locations for the new facilities introduced in the 1979-1982 period that could
      have increased the utilization of maternal and child health centres by an
      estimated 12% and the utilization of dispensaries by 16%.

PMID- 3686076
TI  - The dilemma of osteopathic physicians and the rationalization of medical
      practice.
AB  - Years ago, Peter New observed that osteopathic medical students faced a dilemma
      concerning their identity. On the one hand, they wished to be considered complete
      medical practitioners. On the other hand, they wished to be seen as different
      from MDs. There is evidence that osteopathic physicians continue to face that
      dilemma. I hypothesize that in part this stems from a conflict between classical
      'lifestyle commitments' of the osteopathic community (e.g. toward general
      practice, osteopathic manipulative therapy, holism) and the rationalized model of
      medicine practiced by MDs (characterized by specialization and scientific
      elitism). Results of a survey of a local population of osteopathic physicians
      generally confirm this. Specific findings are that (1) classical elements of
      osteopathic commitment are not tied to commitment to the profession in general,
      (2) there appears to be a waning of commitment to general practice, (3) an
      increasing number of osteopathic physicians used the DO degree as a 'back door'
      into medicine and are less likely to identify with classical osteopathic norms,
      and (4) DOs from socially conservative backgrounds are more likely than others to
      maintain commitment to the classical elements of osteopathic practice.

PMID- 3686078
TI  - Patient-doctor communication on smoking and drinking: lifestyle in medical
      consultations.
AB  - Lifestyles of groups and individuals are significant determinants of the health
      status of a population. Behaviour with respect to such areas as alcohol, food,
      drugs, tobacco, physical exercise, etc., correlates with medical and social well
      being and are thus on the agenda for modern health care. The present article
      reports a study of how such lifestyle habits, notably alcohol and tobacco
      consumption, are addressed in medical consultations. The results indicate that
      the areas of smoking and drinking are sensitive and that specific communicative
      strategies are used for introducing these topics and for eliciting information.
      Smoking habits are addressed in 75% of the consultations and alcohol habits in
      30%. In most cases, the information exchanged is shallow and gives only a
      fragmentary picture of patients' habits. There is little evidence of attempts to
      influence patients' attitudes and behaviours and the physicians do not
      contextualise possible relationships between such lifestyle habits and health in
      the light of their medical knowledge. In this sense, a potentially very
      influential face-to-face encounter is not used as a vehicle for attempting to
      eliminate such significant causes of poor health.

PMID- 3686077
TI  - An ecological study of the relationship between risk indicators for social
      disintegration and use of a somatic emergency department.
AB  - During the last decade a number of studies have been dedicated to the
      relationship between social support and ill health. In this study the
      relationship between risk indicators for social disintegration in defined
      geographical areas and the utilization of a hospital somatic Emergency Department
      (ED) by the inhabitants of these areas was analyzed. Six socio-demographic
      variables were used as risk indicators for social disintegration. To measure
      illness behaviour a register of 57,481 ED visits, made by 34,915 individuals, to
      the General Adult ED at St Goran's Hospital was utilized. The proportions of
      immigrants, of adult unemployed and of persons moving into the areas were
      significantly related to the illness behaviour of seeking care at the ED. The
      results also showed a significant correlation between the sum of the six risk
      indicators and use of ED services for three of the four studied subgroups.

PMID- 3686079
TI  - Ethnomedical treatment of children's diarrheal illnesses in the highlands of
      Ecuador.
AB  - In rural communities in the Ecuadorian Highlands, gastrointestinal disease is the
      leading cause of death. This paper proposes a model of the world view that
      specifies the factors that condition illness or health and a traditional taxonomy
      that relies on certain criteria to categorize three classes of diarrhea. These
      determine whether ethnomedical or medical treatment will be used to 'cure' a
      child. The three illness classes: diarrhea produced by supernatural forces, by
      humoral imbalances, and by 'infection' differ etiologically. The ambient air and
      its temperatures, the constitution, humoral state and overt personality
      characteristics (character) of the individual, and the predelictions of the evil
      spirits that seek to sap their vital essence all figure in the origins of
      illness. The model of the world view is related to a folk taxonomy, which, it is
      asserted, provides a charter for families' responses to child illness, that more
      often than not, are appropriate under the economic conditions they suffer.

PMID- 3686081
TI  - Women and health care on a Guatemalan plantation.
AB  - Women on a Guatemala plantation are responsible for the health care of their
      families and are the primary therapeutic decision makers. This study focuses on
      women as lay health care providers. They provide medical care directly through
      home treatment and indirectly through strategies which increase their access to
      resources which enable them to utilize various illness treatment options.

PMID- 3686080
TI  - Inside out: women's world view and family health in an Ecuadorian Indian
      community.
AB  - Saraguro Indian women regard the home as a refuge from illness, while the outside
      world is considered dangerous and filled with disease. The likelihood of falling
      ill is thought to increase with distance from the home, so mothers employ
      preventive measures to guard family members leaving the house. Qualitative and
      quantitative data collected in the community between 1978 and 1984 suggest that
      world view influences therapeutic choice, by reinforcing fear of strangers and
      reliance on mothers for family health care.

PMID- 3686082
TI  - Lessons not yet learned.

PMID- 3686083
TI  - Hot-cold food and medical theories: overview and introduction.

PMID- 3686084
TI  - Hot-cold food and medical theories: cross-cultural perspectives.

PMID- 3686085
TI  - Destructive heat and cooling prayer: Malay humoralism in pregnancy, childbirth
      and the postpartum period.
AB  - Malaya, an ancient crossroads of trade, was the recipient of Chinese and
      Ayurvedic humoral ideas and, later, those of medieval Islam. These ideas were
      readily accepted by Malays, since they are highly congruent with pre-existing
      notions among aboriginal peoples of Malaya involving a hot-cold opposition in the
      material and spiritual universe and its effects upon human health. Islamic Malays
      have adapted these aboriginal beliefs to correspond to the Greek-Arabic humoral
      model in matters concerning foods, diseases, and medicines. Although Malay
      theories of disease causation include such concepts as soul loss and spirit
      attack, along with 'naturalistic' ideas such as dietary imbalance and systemic
      reactions to foods, all of these theories can either be reinterpreted in humoral
      terms, or, at least, are congruent with the basic tenets of Islamic humoral
      pathology. Behaviors and beliefs regarding human reproduction, however, while
      essentially following a humoral pattern, diverge from Islamic, as well as
      traditional Chinese and Indian Ayurvedic, humoral theories. Unlike any other
      major humoral doctrine, Malay reproductive theory (like that of non-Islamic
      aboriginal peoples of Malaya) equates coldness with health and fertility and heat
      with disease and sterility. These ideas, in turn, are related to beliefs
      regarding the nature of the spirit world: the destructiveness of spiritual heat
      and the efficacy of cooling prayer.

PMID- 3686086
TI  - Cold wombs in balmy Honolulu: ethnogynecology among Korean immigrants.
AB  - Koreans attribute a wide variety of complaints to naeng, literally 'chill'. For
      women, a cold imbalance of the womb brings on a heavy vaginal discharge (also
      called naeng), can lead to sterility, and may precipitate other kinds of
      discomfort. Working in Korea, Dorothea Sich and her colleagues have described the
      folk etiology of naeng and some subtle transformations of the concept in
      cosmopolitan medical settings. I am less interested in describing the concept of
      naeng than in appreciating the complex interlayering of information and
      experience that shapes a Korean woman's sense of illness or well-being when she
      describes an intimate condition as naeng, and that may be lost in translation
      when she presents her condition to an American clinician. My informants were
      socialized as Korean women, they were veterans of a plural medical system in
      Korea, they were novices at seeking health care in Honolulu, and they were
      individuals, carrying the baggage of their own lives. These various dimensions
      emerge through interview data and, especially, through three detailed case
      studies. It is argued that a cookbook definition of cold wombs as folk illness
      would not explain the particular anxieties that naeng sufferers bring to a
      clinic; the vocabulary they use is vested with nuances that are personal as well
      as Korean, humoral as well as cosmopolitan.

PMID- 3686088
TI  - Food classifications and the diets of young children in rural Egypt.
AB  - This paper examines the underlying principles of the traditional food
      classification system as they influence toddlers' diets. Anthropological research
      in three Egyptian villages indicates that 'light' foods are given to rural
      toddlers and 'heavy' foods are withheld by mothers for fear of their negative
      impact on the digestive system. Here it is argued that understanding the
      culturally perceived values of food provides us with an insight into the overall
      context of the problem of toddlers' malnutrition in rural Egypt.

PMID- 3686087
TI  - Cultural dimensions of hot, cold and sema in Sinhalese health culture.
AB  - Attention is focused on those for whom hot/cold and phlegm constitute special
      health concerns in Sri Lanka. A distinction is drawn between those at special
      risk to hot/cold and phlegm based on a sense of constitutional vulnerability and
      those at risk due to temporary illness or expected changes in physiological
      process. Socialization of the former risk group is considered in light of social
      labeling theory, while the health behavior of the latter group is highlighted. It
      is pointed out that a wide range of behavior from folk dietetics to bathing and
      from water boiling to the taking of birth control pills is influenced by hot/cold
      reasoning. It is emphasized that the hot/cold conceptual framework serves an
      integrative function in the traditional health care arena and provides a
      rationale for participatory action in a health culture undergoing rapid
      medicalization.

PMID- 3686089
TI  - Concepts of disease causation, treatment and prevention among Hong Kong Chinese:
      diversity and eclecticism.
AB  - The health beliefs, knowledge, and choices of therapeutic intervention for 25
      common ailments were described and analyzed for the Chinese in Hong Kong.
      Acceptance of the co-existence of the ideas and treatment regimens from both
      Western and Chinese medical traditions were prevalent. For health problems in
      which Western medicine has already isolated a specific causative agent or
      developed effective treatment or preventive methods, many informants were
      familiar with these biomedical concepts, and even more expressed willingness to
      use these methods to alleviate their symptoms. In addition, however, there was a
      group of views on causation, treatment, and prevention that arose from folk
      observations or Chinese classical medicine that supplemented the views imported
      from the West. This occurred when the etiological factors for specific health
      problems were not well understood or identified in biomedicine, or when other
      environmental factors, usually attributed to 'lifestyle', were identified by
      informants as mediating factors affecting risk for disease from the individual's
      point of view. These latter views helped explain why some become ill and others
      do not, although all may have been exposed to the same etiological agent
      identified in biomedicine.

PMID- 3686090
TI  - Tenth International Conference on the Social Sciences and Medicine. Sitges,
      Spain, 26-30 October 1987.

PMID- 3686091
TI  - Medical sociology and epidemiology: convergences, divergences and legitimate
      boundaries.
AB  - For the purpose of exploring the existence of problem areas that may give rise to
      the question whether there is a tendency to (illegitimately) trespass across
      boundaries between medical sociology and epidemiology, important convergences and
      divergences between both disciplines are described. To assemble arguments for the
      legitimacy of fields of study we trace comparatively the history of both
      disciplines, definitions of their fields under study and aims of study, as well
      as characteristic concepts and constructs. Current research themes are taken from
      international journals; divergent interests are briefly described and potential
      'trespassing' of boundaries is discussed, referring to themes showing
      convergences of interest.

PMID- 3686092
TI  - The changing role and legitimate boundaries of epidemiology: community-based
      prevention programmes.
AB  - Epidemiology is the basic science of public health. It combines medical and
      social sciences, both of which are developing with new inventions. Therefore, the
      role of epidemiology and its boundaries are also changing over time. An important
      role of epidemiology is to develop and implement community-based control
      programmes for major diseases in the community. Such programmes are essential for
      large scale public health policy. It is necessary that epidemiological research
      can as freely as possible test new methods of disease prevention and health
      promotion. The first community-based control programme for cardiovascular
      diseases, the North Karelia Project is reviewed against this background. At
      present, it is still possible to define the boundaries of epidemiology
      geographically and culturally, but in the future, however, it will become more
      difficult. There is no doubt that epidemiology will remain as the basic science
      of public health but the scope of public health problems are growing much wider.
      These include the prevention of the final epidemic--the destruction of our planet
      by nuclear bombs. In the control of the existing epidemics and in the prevention
      of new ones the boundaries of epidemiology cannot stay rigid but they must be
      changing as new facts about the emerging public health problems are identified.

PMID- 3686093
TI  - The impact and integration of behavioural sciences in the education of health
      care professionals.
AB  - Health, defined as physical, mental and social well-being, should be adequately
      conceptualized in organic as well as non-organic terms, thus implying a criticism
      of some training programmes which ought to recognize the dire need to integrate
      the socio-behavioural sciences--geography, social anthropology, sociology,
      psychology, political science and economics--in the education of health care
      professionals. The two components of this education, medicine and health care and
      the socio-behavioural sciences, should prepare the professional adequately to
      practice the science of medicine and the art of the profession in varying socio
      cultural contexts of co-existing health care systems. This paper argues that it
      is only those institutions which integrate the socio-behavioural sciences in
      their programme of health care education that are on the path of progress by
      keeping scientific pace with our understanding of the structural realities of
      contemporary societies.

PMID- 3686094
TI  - Participation: myths, realities and prognosis.
AB  - The prospects for increased participatory approaches in health arenas has to
      recognise not only the encouraging developments (e.g. the "rights" legislation,
      global health program approaches, social action acceptability, growth in
      community advocacy skills, freedom of information legislation) but also the
      persistence of some long-standing impediments (e.g. entenched medical dominance,
      antagonistic bureaucratic cultures, a centralist supremacy, an intractable
      political economy of health, inhibitory professional paradigms). There are wide
      variations between societies in the way these developments and impediments are
      traded off or balanced, ultimately depending upon how such issues as the sharing
      of knowledge and skills, information access, challenges to power and practics
      paradigms are being recognised and resolved in specific contexts.

PMID- 3686095
TI  - Community involvement in health policy; socio-structural and dynamic aspects of
      health beliefs.
AB  - The notion of community involvement in health, as in fact in schemes of community
      welfare generally, has found wide acceptance in all kinds of political regimes
      and particularly in the Third World countries. Such involvement is expected not
      only to be cost-effective but, more importantly, the best way of providing
      comprehensive solutions to public health problems. More than 50 years of
      experience with schemes of community participation in India, however, show that
      the enthusiasm of the people generally tends to wane after a short period of
      time. Nevertheless, efforts at community involvement in health continue to be
      made. Governmental and non-governmental organizations and UN agencies, notably
      WHO, have been active in promoting the concept. The 1978 Alma Ata declaration on
      primary health care strongly emphasized the right and duty of people to plan and
      implement health care programmes. Even so, many operational problems remain and
      these are perhaps related partly to a lack of conceptual clarity. Ideally,
      community involvement should mean that the initiatives come from the people and
      the government and other agencies provide assistance. In reality, however, this
      rarely is so. The best that may be expected is that people will come forward
      voluntarily to participate in public health programmes. Generally, however, their
      co-operation has to be sought and they have to be motivated to participate in
      health schemes. Involvement could also be brought about through coercive measures
      but there is little support for such an approach, though many health programmes
      (such as that of small pox vaccination) have been known to have depended upon
      compliance for their success.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3686096
TI  - The economics of essential drug programmes.
AB  - Public health measures are still the most important factor in improving Third
      World health. However, medicines have an important part to play, and it is now
      generally agreed that for the very poor populations medicines should be
      restricted to those on an 'essential drugs list' and should be made available as
      cheaply as possible. A major problem arises, however, in trying to stop these
      very cheap supplies 'leaking' back into the private sector, and being sold to the
      public at high prices. This is particularly true as many countries have a large
      rich urban elite as well as a much larger poor rural population. It is also
      important to recognise that research into Third World diseases must be financed
      by profits on the sale of medicines in advanced countries. A 'cheap drug' policy
      in rich countries can be very harmful to the long-term health even of the less
      developed countries.

PMID- 3686097
TI  - Economics of essential drugs schemes: the perspectives of the developing
      countries.
AB  - Essential drug schemes in the Third World countries face many problems. These
      include dependency on imported drugs in the face of chronic shortages of foreign
      exchange, inadequate manpower and technical capability for selection and
      procurement of drugs, competition between generic and brand drugs, weak local
      drug procurement and distribution systems and inability to commence local
      manufacturing even in situations where there may exist comparative advantage.
      Many of these problems relate to each other and are compounded by the domination
      of the pharmaceutical industry by multinational firms. Third World countries are
      in a very weak position in the international pharmaceutical industry. It is
      suggested that the essential drug situation would improve in Third World
      countries if certain strategies and policies were adopted. These include:
      intensification of personnel training in pharmaceuticals, deliberate use of
      generic drugs rather than brand name drugs, the involvement of the public sector
      in the procurement and distribution of drugs, buying drugs in bulk, changing drug
      prescription and consumption practices through continuous education, changing or
      instituting regulations to guard against unfavourable patents and commencing
      domestic production of essential drugs where this is not in conflict with the
      principle of comparative advantage.

PMID- 3686098
TI  - The philosophical basis of medical ethics.
AB  - After a short introduction on the status of medical ethics as a special branch of
      a more general ethical theory, I try to identify its particular principles.
      According to my analysis there are two opposite basic principles which
      individuate two conflicting perspectives, i.e. the principle of sanctity of
      (human) life, and the principle of disposability of mere biological (human) life.
      Current troubles in medical ethics are mostly dependent on the fact that we are
      assisting a change from an ethics of the sanctity of life to an ethics of the
      disposability of life, and I argue for the latter.

PMID- 3686100
TI  - The political abuse of medicine.

PMID- 3686099
TI  - Medical ethics, moral philosophy and moral tradition.
AB  - Medical ethics is commonly assumed to be a form of 'applied moral philosophy' in
      which practical moral judgments are deduced from moral theories. This account of
      the relationship between moral theory and moral judgment is inadequate in several
      reports. The deductivist approach often results in inadequate attention being
      given to social, historical and developmental contexts. It also fails to explain
      some common phenomena in practical moral reasoning. In contrast to the emphasis
      in deductivism, a case-centered or casuistic practical ethics insists on
      immersion in the particularities of cases and on interpretation of details in
      light of moral maxims and other mid-level forms of moral reasoning. Two features
      of casuistics that ought to be distinguished but frequently are not, are: (1) the
      emphasis on immersion and interpretation, and (2) a claim about the relation
      between moral judgment and moral theory as sources of moral knowledge. Once we
      consider case-centered moral judgments as sources of moral knowledge, we must
      also begin to look critically but open-mindedly to moral traditions which, upon
      examination, appear to be more dynamic and to have more reformist potential than
      is commonly assumed.

PMID- 3686101
TI  - The role of socio-behavioural scientists in health care practice.
AB  - This paper attempts to analyse some of the complex problems that face primary
      health care practice in the developed world today. These are shown to be a degree
      of depersonalisation, that has come with greater efficiency, and a reduction in
      the quality of the doctor-patient relationship, which has accompanied increased
      medical effectiveness. These changes are in turn related to changes in diagnostic
      methods in primary care, to changes in the organisation of primary care and to
      change in the stress laid on interventive, preventive and rehabilitative care.
      All these inter-related problems have to be viewed against a background of
      shortage of resource which demand a far more stringent system of accountability
      than has been common until now. A possible solution lies in redefining the
      traditional medical role and the philosophical basis which underlies that role at
      a time when primary health care is confronted by the special problems of the AIDS
      pandemic. This would require major alterations in medical attitudes and in
      established medical education which may be impossible for the doctors to achieve
      by themselves. It is suggested that a most important role of socio-behavioural
      scientists lies in helping the medical profession to remove the attitudinal and
      educational barriers which prevent the realisation of the concept of a new sort
      of doctor who may cope with the demands of primary health care as we approach
      2000.

PMID- 3686102
TI  - Medical ethics in the primary care setting.
AB  - Much popular and professional understanding of 'medical ethics' is nowadays
      located in quandary ethics, exotic life-and-death decision-making, and tertiary
      care settings. Medical ethics in the primary care setting is concerned with very
      different matters. Among these are issues having to do with basic self
      understandings of health professionals and patients and their fiduciary
      relationships; with fundamental social, political and economic notions which will
      and do shape the allocation and distribution of health care resources; with the
      goals and purposes appropriate to medical interventions of various sorts; and
      with the care of the whole person rather than the limited attention to a
      particular illness or disease syndrome. The commitments of primary care medicine
      challenge in radical ways some cherished claims of modern liberal societies by
      questioning the limits of autonomous individualism and by affirming the
      indispensability of social justice.

PMID- 3686103
TI  - Medicalization and its discontents.
AB  - This paper raises the question of the ethically proper balance in health care
      policy between the medical-clinical-high technology model of health service and
      the grass-roots, community based or traditional models of care. Paradoxical
      imbalances between the two approaches are traced to political, economic or
      prestige factors. Case studies examined include the hospitalization of non
      contagious leprosy patients while protecting the anonymity of AIDS-infected
      prostitutes, medical resistance to the adoption of a clinical role by Community
      Cancer Centers, and the continued preference in some quarters for elaborate (and
      often delayed) hospital treatment for such problems as infant diarrhea, despite
      the availability of much simpler solutions, as in the case of the widely
      successful oral rehydration therapy. A balanced approach to world health
      problems, we argue, rests not on inflationary lowering of health care standards
      to achieve nominal victories, nor on stainless steel high technology panaceas but
      on mobilizing resources around human needs.

PMID- 3686104
TI  - The viability of the concept of a primary health care team: a view from the
      medical humanities.
AB  - To question the viability of the concept of a primary health care team implies at
      least the possibility that something about the nature of primary care, and about
      the nature of giving care in teams, places the two in conflict. In fact, a number
      of interesting and provocative questions concerning primary health care teams are
      in the areas of ethics and professional values. Primary care is inherently a
      'moral notion', and when the concept of the health care team is yoked to that of
      primary care, the team takes on the normative coloration of primary care. This
      occurs at two levels. At a societal and professional level, the concept of a
      primary health care team depends on extra-professional values (e.g. a society's
      understanding of the requirements of social justice, funding priorities for
      health services, or the perceived worth of particular patient populations), and
      professional values such as autonomy and authority. At the level of face-to-face
      clinical encounters, questions arise as to a team's ability to maintain
      interpersonal and moral accountability to patients and society. Future research
      on the functioning of health care teams should focus more on these normative
      issues, rather than on the bureaucratic and logistical dimensions of team care
      that currently predominate in the professional literature.

PMID- 3686105
TI  - The viability of the concept of a primary health care team in developing
      countries.
AB  - The concept of a team approach in primary health care (PHC) is an integral part
      of the overall PHC strategy and is advocated at many occasions. Its theoretical
      advantages are multiple, even though very few sound studies exist on the
      effectiveness of PHC team. The viability of the concept of PHC teams is affected
      by two groups of factors. The first group is related to (health) manpower
      problems in developing countries with its underlying economic causes. The second
      group of factors is associated with the viability of the PHC concept in general.
      This pertains to decentralization, intersectoral collaboration and community
      participation which all affect the viability of the concept of PHC teams.

PMID- 3686106
TI  - When is a data set complete? A squirrel with a vacuum cleaner.

PMID- 3686107
TI  - Clinical relevance of grief and mourning among Cambodian refugees.
AB  - From 1975 to 1979, one to two million Cambodians were executed or died of disease
      and starvation during the rule of the Pol Pot government. In the aftermath of
      that catastrophe, many survivors have developed symptoms of post-traumatic stress
      disorder. There is some evidence that the intrusive symptoms of this disorder,
      such as nightmares, sleep disorders, and startle reactions, can be treated with
      medication. But other psychosocial problems that are similar to those found in
      chronic grief, such as avoidance behavior, shame, and decreased involvement with
      other individuals, are more resistive to treatment. On a cross-cultural level,
      the interpretations of, or meanings given to, specific symptoms by the patient
      may be influenced by culturally-specific religious beliefs, rituals, and social
      traditions. For the clinician, these cultural factors have relevance not only for
      engaging the patient in treatment, but also in the planning of specific
      therapeutic interventions.

PMID- 3686108
TI  - Communities, obligations and health-care.
AB  - This paper examines the notion that, in the modern world, a just community will
      find it necessary to supply a decent minimum of health-care as well as a decent
      minimum of other basic needs to its members. The argument that health-care is an
      obligation of the just community is made by examining concepts of health, and the
      natural lottery as well as notions of community, justice and rights. If one
      accepts community as an institution constituted of persons united not only by
      duties of refraining from harm but likewise by duties of care, one's notions of
      justice, rights and obligations within such a world-view will incline one to
      accept a decent minimum of health-care as a basic condition of community. Minimal
      health-care in this paper refers to procedures which would save life, ameliorate
      pain, restore the function of vital parts and prevent future problems through
      public health and immunizations. What constitutes a 'decent minimum' within these
      concerns would vary from community to community and would be determined by an
      ongoing political process.

PMID- 3686109
TI  - Some aspects of birth seasonality in Kenya.
AB  - Seasonal variations in vital events have been widely observed in temperate and
      sub-tropical regions. Because of the more equable range of temperatures, less
      work on seasonality has been done in the tropics. In Kenya, a tropical country
      with a variety of ecological conditions, data on registered births gathered at
      district level for a period of 42 months suggest that, for the country as a
      whole, month to month variations in the numbers of births display a measure of
      seasonal regularity with a major peak in September and a subsidiary one in April
      May. The pattern is repeated in several districts and the evidence points to the
      influence of holiday months, harvest times and, particularly at the coast,
      climatic variables, as underlying the observed patterns. Autoregressive modelling
      confirms the regularity of seasonal patterns in many districts and a closer study
      of the interaction of conceptions and climatic variables suggests the possibility
      of a positive association between conception rates and food availability. Some
      implications of regular seasonality in births on health policy are discussed.

PMID- 3686110
TI  - Religion and differences in morbidity and mortality.
AB  - Religion and its effects on morbidity and mortality (with particular emphasis on
      mortality) are reviewed as are special issues which have in the past made the
      study of religion and death difficult. The morbidity and mortality experience of
      various religious groups is portrayed, including Protestants, Catholics, Jews,
      Muslims, the clergy, Seventh-day Adventists, Latter-day Saints, Parsis, Jehovah's
      Witnesses and Hutterites. Studies of religious effects on morbidity and mortality
      have broadened in focus from the study of specific health practices, or health
      related behaviors, to include the study of social support, religious
      participation and health-related attitudes. Gaps in the literature are identified
      and a preliminary model of religion's effect on morbidity and mortality is
      discussed.

PMID- 3686111
TI  - Heavy users of an emergency department--a two year follow-up study.
AB  - Persons who repeatedly turn to emergency departments (ED) for medical services
      often have an unfavourable social situation. Very little is known about how their
      situation and utilization of ED services change with time. In the present study,
      232 persons who had made 4+ visits to an ED during the previous year were
      followed for two years. In the first year 31% and in the second 19% of the
      original group remained heavy users of the ED. Patients diagnosed as having
      bronchial asthma remained heavy ED users to a greater extent than others. The
      mortality in the whole group was high, the standardized mortality rate (SMR) was
      590% for the men and 740% for the women during the first follow-up year and 380%
      respectively 350% during the second. A sub-sample of the patients was interviewed
      both in the beginning and at the end of the study period with regard to psycho
      social factors. The follow-up analysis showed that number of previous visits,
      contact with psychiatric care, living alone and perceived loneliness were
      predictive factors for continued ED use. Twenty-two percent of the variation in
      ED use could be accounted for by changes in the social network over time. The
      present study supports the hypothesis that the quality of the social network is
      related to the use of medical services, here expressed in ED use. The findings
      raise the question of how to handle the variety of psycho-social problems found
      among these ED users.

PMID- 3686112
TI  - The process of acculturation: theoretical perspectives and an empirical
      investigation in Peru.
AB  - World-wide migratory patterns have led to an increasing interest in acculturation
      processes and their psychosocial and psychiatric sequelae. This paper reviews
      alternative theoretical approaches to the study of acculturation and identifies
      gaps in the current knowledge base. We then present empirical research on
      acculturation processes experienced by both Indian rural to urban migrants and
      White-Mestizo non-migrants in Lima, Peru. The study examined overall
      acculturation and five sub-dimensions: language use, customs, sociability,
      perceived discrimination and ethnic identity. The data show that second
      generation migrants are more highly acculturated across sub-areas and perceive
      less ethnic discrimination than first generation migrants. The first generation
      varied in acculturative level across sub-dimensions as a function of their age at
      the time of migration. Contrasts between the migrant and dominant group depicted
      a two-way process of culture change, but a process characterized by an inequality
      in the content exchanged in each direction. Socio-demographic correlates of
      acculturation were also found. These results are discussed in terms of the
      potential psychological consequences of alternative acculturative adaptations
      within the Peruvian social-structural context.

PMID- 3686113
TI  - Different social network and social support characteristics, nervous problems and
      insomnia: theoretical and methodological aspects on some results from the
      population study 'men born in 1914', Malmo, Sweden.
AB  - A representative sample of 68-year-old men in the Swedish city of Malmo, were
      interviewed in detail regarding their social network, social support and social
      influence as a part of an extensive examination of their health status. Emphasis
      in this paper is put on the definition and operationalization of different social
      network, social support and social influence characteristics included in a
      tentative model. The reliability and validity of the different social network,
      social support and social influence indices are analyzed and discussed. The
      relation between the different indices and marital status and social class are
      analyzed implying that men living alone and men in the lowest social class have
      the most insufficient social network, social support and social influence. The
      indices were then used in an analysis of nervous problems and insomnia. Social
      anchorage, social participation and contact frequency, all subconcepts of social
      network, had independent associations with mental health in this cross-sectional
      study. The addition of the social network, social support and social influence
      indices to social class and marital status gives a more differentiated and
      thereby a more valid picture of the association between the psychosocial
      environment and this type of mental health problems.

PMID- 3686114
TI  - The diagnostic process in primary care: a comparison of general internists and
      family physicians.
AB  - This investigation examined the formulation of diagnostic hypotheses by general
      internists and family physicians in response to three patient cases (dyspnea,
      abdominal pain and syncope). The investigation was conducted in the United
      States. Physician responses to sequentially presented written clinical
      information were audiotaped. Each transcribed protocol was scored to enumerate
      and characterize the hypotheses considered by physicians in each specialty.
      Results of the analyses of variance of hypothesis measures revealed that
      internists generated more hypotheses than family physicians and that the
      internist's hypotheses were more specific and were less likely to be generated by
      other physicians. In addition, internists tended to consider hypotheses more
      closely related to the final diagnosis sooner in the case presentation than did
      family physicians. The findings of increased number, specificity, and uniqueness
      of hypothesis considered by internists are consistent with previously
      demonstrated differences in the amount and nature of diagnostic information
      collected by family physicians and internists.

PMID- 3686115
TI  - Recurrent cost and public health care delivery: the other war in El Salvador.
AB  - This study analyzes the causes and effects of the persistent underfinancing of
      recurrent costs in the Ministry of Health (MOH) of El Salvador over the past
      decade. Causative factors identified and discussed include (1) a functionally
      unintegrated MOH structure--consisting of (a) the autonomous hospitals and (b)
      the remainder of the Ministry; (2) the functional isolation of the Ministry's
      planning department from its budgetary department; (3) the use of historical
      budget based decision-making--in lieu of more explicitly goal oriented resource
      allocation and planning criteria; (4) donor agencies' funding of infrastructure
      construction projects, coupled with their unwillingness to financially support
      the recurrent costs such projects ultimately give rise to; and finally, (5) the
      civil war and its associated economic dislocation, altered central government
      funding priorities and general state of disarray. The effects of persistent
      underfinancing of recurrent costs in El Salvador are the growing proportion of
      the MOH budget being consumed by outlays for personnel at the expense of
      virtually all other budgetary categories; the shortages of drugs and general
      medical supplies in public health facilities; and reduced levels of utilization
      of those facilities from what would otherwise be expected; all of which together
      imply a reduced level of both productivity and effectiveness of the public health
      care system. Policy implications and recommendations are briefly noted.

PMID- 3686116
TI  - Price, policy and consumption of tobacco: the Finnish experience.
AB  - This paper demonstrates that while price policy provides a powerful tool for
      deterring tobacco consumption, the objectives of general economic policy may
      hamper its effective usage. It is shown that even comprehensive legislative and
      administrative actions may be ineffective unless they are supported by price
      measures.

PMID- 3686117
TI  - Intra-urban variations of neonatal and post-neonatal mortality in a developing
      city.
AB  - Numerous surveys at the national and regional level have demonstrated that large
      inequalities in infant health status exist in Southern Africa. Few studies have
      assessed infant mortality at the intra-urban scale of geographic analysis.
      Comparisons between infant mortality rates from different areas are made even
      more meaningful if the data are divided into two primary categories based on
      period-of-death; these being the neonatal and post-neonatal components. This
      study presents the results of a survey undertaken in Metropolitan Cape Town
      (population 1.6 million) during 1982. The aim was to determine the spatial
      variation of neonatal and post-neonatal mortality at the suburb (or community)
      level within the city. Overall, a total of 36,789 live births and 928 infant
      deaths were recorded; 53.4% in the neonatal period and 46.6% in the post-neonatal
      period. The mean infant mortality rate was 25.2 per 1000 live births; the
      neonatal mortality rate and post-neonatal mortality rate being 13.5/1000 and
      11.7/1000, respectively. A marked range in death rates was evident for both
      components. For the neonatal category it was 0.0-49.9/1000 and 0.0-40.0/1000 for
      the post-neonatal period. The generally low post-neonatal mortality rate among
      the 69 suburbs studied has made the neonatal component the dominant contributor
      to the infant mortality rate. However, in the lowest socio-economic areas the
      post-neonatal mortality rate was responsible for over 60% of infant
      deaths.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3686118
TI  - Epidemiology and community health: a strained connection?
AB  - It is argued that currently prevailing concepts of the scientific status and
      appropriate mode of operation of epidemiology fall short of those required for
      the development of effective strategies to promote health in the everyday world.
      The need, at present unmet, exists for an experimentally meaningful and
      politically aware theory and method in health research and practice.

PMID- 3686119
TI  - The Nottingham health profile: a useful tool for epidemiologists?
AB  - The Nottingham health profile has been portrayed as a multipurpose measure of
      health status, capable of being used in population surveys and in evaluation of
      medical interventions. This paper examines basic operating characteristics of the
      profile, using data collected in a large survey of the community. Examination of
      the response pattern suggests that the NHP is not effective in discriminating
      health statuses as the modal response is zero. If it is to be used as a screening
      tool then there are considerable redundancies so that two or three items are
      sufficient; and for a diagnostic purpose, the existence of substantial
      covariation between items makes interpretation difficult. There is a need for an
      instrument fulfilling one or all of these purposes, but we need to know the
      operating characteristics of any instrument in detail before applying it. These
      results demonstrate that the methodological base of the NHP has yet to be
      established.

PMID- 3686120
TI  - A suicide prevention program for Hopi youth.
AB  - In recent years, Hopi Indians have been concerned about what they believe are
      rising suicide rates especially among teenagers and young adults. A review of 30
      years of Hopi suicides reveals that: (a) although it is possible that rates are
      rising, it is more likely that they are relatively stable; (b) high age specific
      rates for those between 15 and 34 years of age is not a recent phenomenon; (c)
      the individuals at risk for suicide and for alcohol abuse are the children of
      parents who made traditionally disapproved marriages, i.e. intertribal,
      intermesa, and between clans of disparate social status. By labeling the parents
      as deviant the community creates 'primary' deviance in the second generation. To
      be successful, a suicide program must not be designed specifically for troubled
      adolescents. Nor can it identify the problem as caused by either acculturation or
      traditional culture. The proposed program and constraints placed upon its
      implementation are discussed.

PMID- 3686121
TI  - Prevention of mental disorder among Hmong refugees in the U.S.: lessons from the
      period 1976-1986.
AB  - Scientifically valid, well controlled studies on the prevention of mental
      disorders are sparse. Nonetheless, much quasi-experimental and descriptive work
      does exist. Published findings permit an evaluation of the mental health effects
      of policies, procedures and programs designed for refugees. The federal
      government assigns legal status to refugees and is paramount in matters of
      refugee relocation and readjustment within its borders. In matters of social
      adjustment and prevention of mental disorder, agents of the federal government
      must consider the accumulation and distribution of knowledge, skill and expertise
      on refugee social and mental health issues; policies and procedures for
      relocation; premigration education, training, assessment, and orientation;
      postmigration support and acculturation; and the development of treatment
      resources to meet the mental health needs. Once refugees arrive in the United
      States of America, much of the actual implementation of policy and procedures has
      been left to state governments. At this level there have been neither the
      resources nor the expertise to develop programs for the mental health of
      refugees. Limited resources have been wasted and the mental health of refugees
      has been neglected or made worse by some state initiated programs.

PMID- 3686122
TI  - Heavy and problem drinking in an American blue-collar population: implications
      for prevention.
AB  - This paper presents the findings of a prevention-oriented research project
      designed to identify the familial and socio-environmental precursors of heavy
      drinking in a blue-collar population. Using an ethnographic and primarily
      qualitative approach to data collection, this study examines alcohol use and
      drinking behavior in relation to both the family as a unit, as well as the
      sociocultural context in which it is embedded. It reports primarily on features
      of cultural, workplace, and community environments that are related to heavy or
      moderate drinking in the subject population. The sample consists of 30 families,
      15 where the father is a heavy drinker and 15 where he is a moderate drinker. The
      sample was drawn from the workforce of a large manufacturing plant that closed in
      1982. The social organization of the workplace, including the important factors
      of job alienation, job stress, inconsistent social controls, and the evolution of
      a 'drinking culture,' is implicated by this research to be the primary vehicle
      for promoting high levels of alcohol use. Although the role of the workplace in
      encouraging certain alcohol behaviors was predominant, the data suggest that it
      alone may not be sufficient for causing alcohol problems. In particular, the
      central importance of drinking in work-related social contexts and the relative
      permissiveness of the work environment was found to promote heavy drinking among
      individuals who were of sociocultural backgrounds where heavy drinking was
      permitted or even encouraged; reported a lack of effective male role models when
      growing up; and restricted leisure activities to male-oriented peer groups most
      often met through work-related contexts. Conversely factors that appeared
      protective of developing high-risk drinking patterns were family religious
      involvement, and participation of fathers in non-work related social groups that
      usually involved their wives and children. We conclude the paper by offering
      suggestions as to how these findings might lead to constructive strategies for
      the primary prevention of alcohol problems in the context of the workplace and
      community.

PMID- 3686123
TI  - Health promotion talk in family practice encounters.
AB  - The model of family medicine advocates a view of the patient as a psychosocially
      grounded person, and stresses the value of a preventive approach in maintaining
      health. Given such principles, it is expected that in the expression of this
      model--in actual family practice encounters--physicians will regularly introduce
      topics about health promoting behaviors in their interactions with patients.
      Examination of a sample of typical and unrehearsed encounters between family
      physicians and patients, however, reveals a striking absence of such topics.
      Where they do occur, there is conversational evidence that both parties find the
      topics troublesome, and employ conversational strategies which tend to distance
      these topics from the rest of the interview. The conversational features of these
      distancing strategies, as well as their possible sources and implications, are
      discussed. Physician participants in the research express no reluctance to
      introduce topics related to health promotion behavior, and in fact report that
      they do so regularly: the latter is contradicted by empirical conversational
      data. Difficulties that physicians evidence in managing these topics--in the
      absence of any conscious dispreference--suggest that shared interpretive frames
      operating for the remainder of the medical encounter do not work well for these
      topics. Physicians desiring to communicate effectively in this area may need to
      rethink health promotion talk as a special conversational task, which differs in
      key ways from more conventional topics introduced in medical encounters.

PMID- 3686124
TI  - [Plitican (an injectable form of alizapride)].

PMID- 3686125
TI  - [Professional practice and the integration of apprentices' personnel].

PMID- 3686127
TI  - [Pedagogy: one of the tools of nursing personnel].

PMID- 3686126
TI  - [Nursing apprentices speak out].

PMID- 3686129
TI  - [A nursing diploma in the psychiatric sector].

PMID- 3686128
TI  - [Esthetic activities. A 10-year experience at the Charles Perrens C.H.S].

PMID- 3686130
TI  - [Theory and pedagogy].

PMID- 3686131
TI  - [Recommendation for a directive concerning psychiatric nursing care].

PMID- 3686132
TI  - ABBRS.

PMID- 3686133
TI  - Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: variant syndromes.
AB  - Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), a fascinating disease that had been
      reported perhaps 50 times in varying guises over the preceding century, suddenly
      burst forth in the 1960s and was recognized in clusters of cases almost
      simultaneously in Paris, London, and West Haven, Connecticut. The spectrum of the
      disease has broadened. Initially, it was associated almost exclusively with
      alcoholic cirrhosis, but it has now been found in association with posthepatitic
      cirrhosis, cryptogenic cirrhosis, chronic active liver disease, and,
      occasionally, in biliary cirrhosis and cardiac cirrhosis. Recently, it has been
      reported in alcoholic hepatitis and acute viral hepatitis. It occurs occasionally
      in malignant ascites and in pancreatitis in the absence of cirrhosis. It is
      surprisingly common in disseminated lupus, in which it occurs relatively more
      commonly than in alcoholic cirrhosis. A similar syndrome, primary peritonitis,
      occurs frequently in children with nephrotic ascites. The clinical pattern of SBP
      has broadened. Initially it consisted of abdominal pain, fever, rebound
      tenderness, hypoactive bowel sounds, hypotension, encephalopathy, and cloudy
      ascites with large numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in ascitic fluid. Each
      and every symptom, sign, and laboratory abnormality may be absent; indeed, the
      syndrome can be completely silent. Initially, the causative bacteria appeared to
      be almost exclusively enteric, but now the list of bacteria isolated in cases of
      SBP looks like a bacteriology textbook. Anaerobes are rare. Multiple organisms
      usually suggest nonspontaneous origin such as perforation or vasopressin
      induction. The differentiation between spontaneous and nonspontaneous bacterial
      peritonitis is crucial in the differential diagnosis. The great majority of cases
      of SBP develop in the hospital, 80% more than one week after admission. It is
      therefore a nosocomial disease that may be precipitated by procedure-induced
      bacteremia, gastrointestinal bleeding, or diarrhea, and it tends to occur in
      patients with low ascitic fluid protein (complement) concentrations and severe
      portal-systemic shunting.

PMID- 3686134
TI  - Interpretation of chest roentgenograms by primary care physicians.
AB  - In a prospective study, radiologists judged chest x-ray interpretations of family
      practice physicians. Though discrepancies were frequent, they led to no
      demonstrable clinical consequences. Potentially significant misreadings did
      occur, and clinically insignificant errors may still be worth noting for academic
      as well as patient advocacy reasons.

PMID- 3686135
TI  - Effect of selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor on vein grafts.
AB  - We evaluated the effect of a selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor (TSI) on
      the patency of autogenous vein grafts in dogs. Treatment involved oral dosing (10
      mg/kg bid) of TSI or placebo, combined with local treatment of the graft with TSI
      or placebo (papavarine) at the time of implantation. At harvest, two animals, one
      from each oral dosing group, had an occluded graft; both grafts had been locally
      treated with papavarine. We found no significant histopathologic difference
      between graft treatment groups. Attempts to estimate the effect of TSI dosing on
      the prostacyclin/thromboxane balance through radioimmunoassay analysis of graft
      perfusates were unsuccessful. As measured by in vitro platelet aggregation, oral
      TSI was found to alter platelet function, though not in a dose-dependent fashion,
      and the animals rebounded toward normal at 12 hours.

PMID- 3686136
TI  - Hypoprothrombinemia associated with cefoperazone therapy.
AB  - Cefoperazone, a beta-lactam antibiotic with a methylthiotetrazole side chain, has
      been reported infrequently to cause hypoprothrombinemia and hemorrhage. We
      retrospectively analyzed the records of 80 patients who had been given this drug
      for more than 72 hours. Nine patients received vitamin K1 (phytonadione)
      prophylaxis and had no evidence of hemorrhage. Of the remaining 71 patients, 32
      had prothrombin times measured; 14 of them had hypoprothrombinemia. Prothrombin
      times ranged from 14.8 to 97.3 seconds at a mean of 6.2 days after initiation of
      therapy. Seven of the 14 patients had clinically significant hemorrhage and five
      required transfusions. Two patients with clinically evident hemorrhage died
      during or immediately after cefoperazone therapy. Prothrombin times rapidly
      returned to normal in all patients treated with phytonadione. We believe
      hypoprothrombinemia is a more common complication of cefoperazone therapy than is
      generally acknowledged, and is preventable. Unless clinically contraindicated, we
      recommend that all patients treated with cefoperazone receive phytonadione
      prophylaxis.

PMID- 3686137
TI  - Pelvic inflammatory disease during pregnancy.
AB  - Pelvic inflammatory disease associated with pregnancy is not commonly reported.
      We present three illustrative cases at ten, 13, and 26 weeks of gestation. Unlike
      pelvic abscess, which may be discovered at any stage of gestation, acute
      salpingitis during pregnancy occurs more commonly in the first trimester. Both
      processes are associated with substantial fetal wastage. Diagnosis may be
      difficult if the obstetrician is not aware that these infections can occur during
      pregnancy. The diagnosis is often made at laparotomy by a physician expecting
      appendicitis or another inflammatory condition. Since salpingitis during
      pregnancy, like salpingitis generally, is amenable to antibiotic therapy, surgery
      may be avoided if appropriate antibiotic therapy is quickly instituted. The
      pregnant patient and her fetus may be spared general anesthesia and the attendant
      risks of abdominal surgery.

PMID- 3686138
TI  - Evaluation of coronary artery disease in patients having noncardiac surgery.
AB  - Perioperative myocardial infarction and cardiac death are feared complications of
      noncardiac surgery. Preoperative risk assessment begins with clinical variables.
      There is no formula for determining who needs further evaluation. In selected
      patients, thallium scintigraphy or coronary arteriography is needed to define
      preoperative risk.

PMID- 3686139
TI  - Hepatic metastasis from neuroblastoma.
AB  - Neuroblastoma is a common solid tumor of infancy and childhood. From 1967 to 1986
      we evaluated and treated 58 children with neuroblastoma; in ten (17%) of these
      children, symptomatic hepatic metastasis developed. The ten children ranged in
      age from 2 days to 2 years 3 months. The most common symptoms attributable to
      hepatic metastasis were abdominal enlargement, abdominal pain, respiratory
      difficulty due to upward pressure on the diaphragm, and obstruction of the
      inferior vena cava. At the time of initial diagnosis, two children had stage III
      disease, three had stage IV disease, and five had stage IV-S disease. Six were
      initially given chemotherapy; all six of these patients required radiation
      therapy when hepatic enlargement progressed. In the other four cases, radiation
      therapy was used alone or in combination with chemotherapy. Irradiation or
      irradiation plus chemotherapy produced complete resolution of local symptoms in
      seven cases, and a partial response in one case. The seven children who had a
      complete response are alive without evidence of recurrent disease; the remaining
      three children died of their tumor. The roles of chemotherapy, surgery, and
      radiation therapy in the management of symptomatic hepatic metastasis from
      neuroblastoma are discussed.

PMID- 3686140
TI  - Body contouring surgery after weight reduction.
AB  - I reviewed the cases of 50 consecutive patients who had a total of 75 plastic
      surgery procedures after weight reduction. The average weight loss was 126 lb.
      There were 28 women and 22 men. The 75 operations were abdominoplasty (24), face
      lift (18), reduction mammaplasty (ten), blepharoplasty (eight), mastopexy
      (eight), thigh reduction (five), and arm reduction (two). Twenty-one patients
      also had adjunctive nonplastic surgery. The average hospital stay was 5.3 days.
      Seromas were encountered in 42% of the abdominoplasty group as the most frequent
      complication. Response to a questionnaire showed that 39 patients (82%) believed
      the surgical results improved their self-esteem; 35 (72%) stated that plastic
      surgery did not provide an incentive for maintaining their weight reduction.

PMID- 3686141
TI  - Pulse oximetry in the management of pediatric airway disorders.
AB  - The management of pediatric upper airway disorders requires rapid assessment of
      the patient's status and prompt airway support. The recent development and
      popularity of pulse oximetry in the management of patients having general
      anesthesia for surgical procedures has proved the efficacy of this technology.
      The University of South Alabama Division of Otolaryngology has managed 18
      children with upper airway disorders over the past year using pulse oximetry as
      adjunctive monitoring. The outcome was excellent in all 18 cases. The second-to
      second monitoring of oxyhemoglobin saturation provided excellent measurement of
      the patient's ventilatory status. The advantages include noninvasive monitoring,
      serial second-to-second display, easy interpretation by nursing personnel,
      absence of false-negative results, and excellent patient acceptance.

PMID- 3686142
TI  - Fungal endocarditis complicating treatment of prosthetic valve bacterial
      endocarditis: value of prophylactic oral nystatin.
AB  - We describe two patients in whom fungal endocarditis occurred during antibiotic
      therapy for prosthetic valve bacterial endocarditis. Successful management of
      both patients was eventually achieved with antifungal therapy and replacement of
      the prosthetic valves. These cases and review of the literature suggest that (1)
      high-dose antibacterial therapy predisposes to fungal endocarditis; (2) during
      prolonged antibiotic therapy in patients predisposed to endocarditis, clinicians
      should consider the use of oral nystatin as prophylaxis against fungemia and
      possible fungal endocarditis; and (3) early replacement of prosthetic valves
      infected with fungi is indicated because chemotherapy alone is predictably
      inadequate to effect a cure.

PMID- 3686143
TI  - Physician liability and taking rights seriously.

PMID- 3686144
TI  - House staff manuals: a survey of pediatric residency programs.
AB  - To determine the role of house staff manuals in residency training, we did a
      survey of the pediatric residency directors in the United States. Questionnaires
      were returned from 77% of the programs (179/232). Sixty percent of respondents
      provided written administrative and medical guidelines to their house staff.
      Neonatal or pediatric intensive care and emergency protocol information were
      presented most frequently. Consistent patterns of content and organization were
      apparent in the 77 manuals reviewed, though style and size varied widely. We
      conclude that written departmental guidelines are a common and potentially useful
      educational resource. Evaluation of the effectiveness of manuals to solve patient
      care or administrative problems is necessary for future refinements in content
      and format.

PMID- 3686145
TI  - Recurrent secondary displacement of long-term indwelling silastic atrial
      catheters.
AB  - In the case I have presented, the recurrence of displacement of the catheter tip
      after its initial correction sheds important light on the mechanism of this
      problem and suggests a method for preventing displacement.

PMID- 3686146
TI  - Triazolam syndrome in the elderly.
AB  - I have described five elderly patients who had a syndrome characterized by
      reversible delirium, automatic movement, and anterograde amnesia after ingesting
      triazolam as a hypnotic. These cases raise concern about the use of short-acting,
      rapidly eliminated benzodiazepine hypnotics in the elderly.

PMID- 3686147
TI  - Pneumomediastinum after cocaine smoking.
AB  - We have reported two cases of pneumomediastinum occurring in previously healthy
      young men after smoking cocaine and performing the Valsalva maneuver to intensify
      the euphoria. Pneumomediastinum is thought to result from increased intrathoracic
      pressure produced by the Valsalva maneuver, with resultant rupture of marginal
      alveoli. With the increasing popularity of inhaling free-base cocaine, physicians
      should be aware of this complication.

PMID- 3686148
TI  - Airway obstruction due to bilateral vocal cord paralysis as a complication of
      stroke.
AB  - In two patients with unilateral cortical stroke, bilateral vocal cord paralysis
      resulted in airway obstruction. Realization of this potential complication can
      lead to vigilant monitoring and early tracheostomy if needed.

PMID- 3686149
TI  - Citrobacter freundii endocarditis in an intravenous drug abuser.
AB  - We have reported the third case of Citrobacter endocarditis. Echocardiograms were
      invaluable in establishing the diagnosis. Ours is the first reported case of
      Citrobacter endocarditis to be cured by antimicrobial therapy alone.

PMID- 3686150
TI  - Pancreatic duct disruption and duodenal hematoma associated with endoscopic
      retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
AB  - We have reported a case of intraduodenal duct disruption and duodenal hematoma
      associated with ERCP. The location of the extravasated contrast material created
      a confusing picture, which preoperatively was thought to be a pseudocyst, but was
      found at operation to be a duodenal hematoma. In retrospect, the upper
      gastrointestinal series done immediately after ERCP was very helpful. We believe
      that an upper GI series done immediately after ERCP will help determine the
      location of unusual collections of contrast material seen at ERCP.

PMID- 3686151
TI  - Milk-alkali syndrome with a serum calcium level of 22 mg/dl and J waves on the
      ECG.
AB  - A man with severe hypercalcemia (22 mg/dl) secondary to ingestion of a calcium
      carbonate antacid (Tums) was admitted with obtundation and hyperreflexia, which
      disappeared with treatment. Laboratory values, which were consistent with milk
      alkali syndrome, included low-normal serum chloride (96 mEq/L), normal phosphorus
      of 2.7 mg/dl (phosphorus is usually normal to increased in this syndrome),
      increased blood urea nitrogen (39 mg/dl), and increased serum creatinine (2.4
      mg/dl). A normal C-terminal parathormone level helped distinguish this patient
      from patients with severe hypercalcemia due to primary hyperthyroidism. The ECG
      revealed a widened rather than a shortened QT interval, as well as a J wave, a
      broadened T wave, and a U wave with this marked hypercalcemia, all of which
      reverted to normal with correction of the hypercalcemia.

PMID- 3686152
TI  - Upper extremity swelling and hyperpigmentation due to onchocerciasis in an
      American.
AB  - An American woman who had lived in Equatorial Guinea was seen in the United
      States with intermittent swelling, pruritus, hyperpigmentation, and mild
      cutaneous atrophy of the right arm. Filarial diseases were considered in the
      differential diagnosis; skin snips subsequently revealed Onchocerca volvulus
      microfilariae. There was no evidence of ocular involvement. The case illustrates
      the importance of obtaining a history of international travel, the need to
      consider "exotic" parasitic diseases in travelers returning from the tropics, and
      several of the presenting features of onchocerciasis. In the past, onchocerciasis
      was treated with diethylcarbamazine and suramin, both of which have appreciable
      toxicity. A major recent advance has been the introduction of ivermectin, which
      appears to be more effective and less toxic, and is currently undergoing clinical
      evaluation in the United States and abroad.

PMID- 3686153
TI  - Medullary sponge kidney and congenital hemihypertrophy.
AB  - We have presented a case of medullary sponge kidney associated with congenital
      hemihypertrophy. Evaluation by calcium loading revealed no abnormal handling of
      this ion. The recognition of this unusual syndrome is important because it
      appears that other disease processes common to medullary sponge kidney alone or
      congenital hemihypertrophy alone do not appear with the same frequency when both
      processes occur simultaneously.

PMID- 3686154
TI  - Vibrio vulnificus bacteremia with endocarditis.

PMID- 3686156
TI  - NSAID-masked gout.
AB  - The use of NSAIDs masked the diagnosis of gout in nine patients with the chronic
      polyarticular form of the disease. The escape from detection of chronic
      polyarticular gout resulted in a needless dependence on NSAIDs, failure to
      correct the metabolic problem, and in some cases progression of joint
      destruction. Although acute inflammation was modified, basic pathogenic
      mechanisms remained unchecked and joint disease continued. The indiscriminate use
      of NSAIDs may, by promoting misdiagnosis, become a major obstacle to effective
      control of this, perhaps the most remediable of arthritic disorders.

PMID- 3686155
TI  - Postpartum psychosis induced by bromocriptine.
AB  - Two multigravida patients with no prior psychiatric history were seen with
      postpartum psychosis, having received bromocriptine for inhibition of lactation.
      Bromocriptine given in high doses has been associated with psychosis in patients
      receiving the drug for Parkinson's disease. These cases demonstrate that
      bromocriptine may cause psychosis even when given in low doses.

PMID- 3686157
TI  - Osteoporosis fracture threshold.

PMID- 3686159
TI  - Carpal tunnel syndrome in nursing mothers.

PMID- 3686158
TI  - Sudden cardiac death.

PMID- 3686160
TI  - Life events in schizophrenia. The WHO collaborative study.

PMID- 3686161
TI  - Migration and schizophrenia: an examination of five hypotheses.

PMID- 3686162
TI  - A comparative investigation of health workers' attitudes towards parasuicide.

PMID- 3686163
TI  - The use of the social stress and support interview in families with deviant
      children: methodological issues.

PMID- 3686164
TI  - Problem drinkers in a psychiatric hospital. A follow-up of out-patients.

PMID- 3686165
TI  - A prospective study of the effects of unemployment on drinking behaviour.

PMID- 3686166
TI  - [Development of the public health subsystem of the USSR Planning Commission's
      automated planning and estimating system].

PMID- 3686167
TI  - [Organization of an allergology service for a rural population].

PMID- 3686168
TI  - [The "Zdorov'e" (health) comprehensive targeted interdepartmental program].

PMID- 3686169
TI  - [Status and outlook of the program-targeted planning of disease prevention and
      health promotion of workers].

PMID- 3686170
TI  - [Theoretical and organizational problems of disease prevention].

PMID- 3686172
TI  - [Ecological education of medical students].

PMID- 3686171
TI  - [Organization and efficacy of the rehabilitative treatment of children with
      bronchopulmonary diseases in children's city polyclinics].

PMID- 3686173
TI  - [Work in student scientific circles--a form of youthful scientific creativity].

PMID- 3686174
TI  - [Organization and basic trends of medical research studies in Finland].

PMID- 3686175
TI  - [Automated system of information provision for managing an oncology service].

PMID- 3686176
TI  - [Staff support of tuberculosis control dispensaries].

PMID- 3686177
TI  - [Complex social hygiene research on the student family].

PMID- 3686178
TI  - [The role of the x-ray service in the annual dispensary care of the population].

PMID- 3686179
TI  - [Means for improving physician postgraduate training in the problems of emergency
      care].

PMID- 3686180
TI  - [The ritual of dedication as clinicians].

PMID- 3686181
TI  - [Economic experiments in public health].

PMID- 3686182
TI  - [Raising the qualifications of public health organizers at the local level].

PMID- 3686183
TI  - [Organization of medicosocial rehabilitation in socialist countries].

PMID- 3686184
TI  - [Public health in the Algerian People's Democratic Republic].

PMID- 3686185
TI  - [Conduction anesthesia in leg operations in traumatology and orthopedics].

PMID- 3686186
TI  - [Conservative treatment of malleolar fractures using the method of early
      activation].

PMID- 3686187
TI  - [Reconstructive surgery and rehabilitation in injuries of extensor tendons of the
      hand].

PMID- 3686188
TI  - [Characteristics of surgical treatment of diseases of the kidneys and ureters in
      middle-aged and elderly patients].

PMID- 3686189
TI  - [The hypophyseo-adrenal system in men during rehabilitation after myocardial
      infarction].

PMID- 3686190
TI  - [A case of echocardiographic diagnosis of thrombosis of a disc prosthesis of the
      mitral valve].

PMID- 3686191
TI  - [Thrombosis of intramural veins of the gallbladder as a cause of the development
      of destructive cholecystitis].

PMID- 3686192
TI  - [Membrane structures of the myocardium in infectious and allergic myocarditis].

PMID- 3686193
TI  - [Cerebrovascular circulation and vasotropic activity of the cerebrospinal fluid
      in stroke].

PMID- 3686195
TI  - [Physicians against nuclear warfare].

PMID- 3686194
TI  - [Reaction of the bone marrow to acute dialysis-related neutropenia].

PMID- 3686196
TI  - [Indicators of serotonin and histamine metabolism and microcirculation in food
      poisoning of moderate severity].

PMID- 3686197
TI  - [Amino acid composition of the blood serum in patients with malabsorption
      syndromes of various etiologies].

PMID- 3686198
TI  - [Crystallographic study of the blood serum in various endocrine diseases].

PMID- 3686199
TI  - [Computerized tomography in the diagnosis of recurrence of rectal cancer].

PMID- 3686200
TI  - [Transosseous osteosynthesis in the treatment of multiple fractures of long
      tubular bones].

PMID- 3686201
TI  - [Laser irradiation in the treatment of severe dystrophic lesions of the knee and
      hip joints].

PMID- 3686202
TI  - [The interferon system in acute viral hepatitis B].

PMID- 3686203
TI  - [An integrated government system for preventing diseases among the population].

PMID- 3686205
TI  - [An extra-hospital gerontologic and psychiatric services unit].

PMID- 3686204
TI  - [Temporary disability of women with iron deficiency anemia].

PMID- 3686206
TI  - [Remote results in patients with artificial pacemakers].

PMID- 3686207
TI  - [Effect of piromecaine on central hemodynamics in myocardial infarction].

PMID- 3686208
TI  - [Clinical aspects and principles of therapy of alcoholic coma].

PMID- 3686209
TI  - [Selection of non-invasive methods of evaluating central hemodynamics].

PMID- 3686210
TI  - [Crohn disease in adolescents].

PMID- 3686211
TI  - [Perforation of gastroduodenal ulcers in middle-aged and elderly patients].

PMID- 3686212
TI  - [Lymphogenous metastasis of stomach cancer to extraligamentous regional lymph
      nodes].

PMID- 3686213
TI  - [Treatment of cardial achalasia].

PMID- 3686214
TI  - [Prevention of early postoperative complications after gastrectomy in peptic
      ulcer].

PMID- 3686215
TI  - [Experience with the stage-by-stage differentiated treatment of status
      asthmaticus at a resuscitation department].

PMID- 3686216
TI  - [Remote results of the use of reflexotherapy in bronchial asthma].

PMID- 3686217
TI  - 1987 Volvo award in basic science. The morphology of the lumbar erector spinae.
AB  - The lumbar erector spinae consists of two muscles--iliocostalis lumborum and
      longissimus thoracis--each with distinct thoracic and lumbar parts. The thoracic
      parts consist of tiny muscle bellies with segmental origins from the thorax and
      long caudal tendons that form the erector spinae aponeurosis. The lumbar fibers
      arise from the lumbar accessory processes and the L1-4 transverse processes, and
      insert independently of the erector spinae aponeurosis into the ilium. The
      intrinsic lumbar fibers of the erector spinae are poorly described in the
      literature, and the existence of the iliocostalis lumborum pars lumborum has
      rarely been recognized even though it constitutes a substantial portion of the
      total muscle mass acting directly on the lumbar vertebrae.

PMID- 3686218
TI  - The biomechanical functions of the iliolumbar ligament in maintaining stability
      of the lumbosacral junction.
AB  - The iliolumbar ligament is one of the three lumbopelvic ligaments. Recent study
      has shown that the ligament is not present at birth and is formed from metaplasia
      of the quadratus lumborum muscle at the end of the first decade. To study the
      biomechanical functions of this ligament, an apparatus was developed using linear
      variable differential transformers. Twenty fresh cadaveric specimens of the
      lumbosacral pelvis were tested. The flexibility of the intact lumbar segment was
      studied before and after the ligaments were divided. Flexion of L5 on S1 was
      mainly controlled by the posterior band and lateral bending by the anterior band
      of the ligament. When the L5-S1 disc was degenerated, total division of the
      ligaments reduced extension during loading. Its effect on torsion was not evident
      from this study.

PMID- 3686219
TI  - Pressure in the erector spinae muscle during exercise.
AB  - The microcapillary infusion method was evaluated in recording intramuscular
      pressure during isometric and concentric exercise of the erector spinae muscle.
      Intramuscular pressure at rest was 6.1 (SD = 1.4) mm Hg without infusion and 8.3
      with an infusion rate of 1.5 ml/hour. When the subject experienced muscle fatigue
      during exercise, the muscle relaxation pressure had increased to 14 mm Hg. The
      erector spinae muscle was found to be heavily loaded during exercise with an
      average muscle contraction pressure of 175 mm Hg. Recording of intramuscular
      pressure in the erector spinae muscle during exercise tests can be an additional
      method in the study of ergonomics and biomechanics of the spine as well as in the
      diagnosis of chronic compartment syndrome in this muscle.

PMID- 3686220
TI  - Simulated lift testing using computerized isokinetics.
AB  - Eighty-four volunteer asymptomatic men between 18 and 40 years of age were
      evaluated as to their ability to lift. An innovative isokinetic device was used
      to measure lifting force. This device does not isolate any specific body part,
      yet it measures the muscular force of lifting an object whose speed of ascent is
      controlled. Two lifting methods (bent knee, straight leg) and two foot positions
      were used. The results indicate the bent-knee lift method and forward-foot
      position was the position of optimal force production. Force production increase
      was inversely proportional to age. The authors concluded that the isokinetic lift
      device has promising capabilities to produce repeatable data and may be
      advantageous in generating standards for rehabilitation and specific job
      criteria.

PMID- 3686221
TI  - Physical characteristics of patients with herniated intervertebral lumbar discs.
AB  - In an attempt to determine whether certain physical characteristics discriminated
      between people with and without herniated intervertebral lumbar discs, volunteers
      (N = 40) who were diagnosed as having a herniated lumbar disc were compared to
      control subjects (N = 40) who had been randomly selected and matched by age and
      sex. All subjects completed a questionnaire to determine the history of their
      back injury and a description of their exercise behavior patterns. Body
      composition was estimated by hydrostatic weighing. Maximum oxygen consumption was
      predicted using the Astrand-Ryhming nomogram. Strength scores were determined
      from a battery of cable tensiometer tests. Dependent variables were analyzed
      using a multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA). Using discriminant analysis, as a
      post hoc test, predicted maximum oxygen consumption was shown to account for the
      difference between the groups (P less than .002). The control subjects' values
      were higher than the patients' values. Subjects' exercise history indicated no
      differences between the groups relative to the time period preceding the onset of
      injury (P greater than .05). The exercise activity of patients was significantly
      reduced after injury (P less than .001). An average of 87 days elapsed between
      the onset of injury to the date of fitness testing.

PMID- 3686223
TI  - Cauda equina syndrome following lumbar spinal stenosis surgery.

PMID- 3686222
TI  - The long-term effect of chemonucleolysis on the intervertebral disc as assessed
      by magnetic resonance imaging.
AB  - With Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) it is possible to monitor the changes in
      water content of the nucleus pulposus after intradiscal injection of chymopapain.
      In this prospective study the changes that occurred in 20 patients undergoing
      single-level chemonucleolysis were monitored. A constant pattern of gradual
      reduction of nuclear signal was seen in all cases. Complete loss of signal took
      at least 6 weeks and corresponded to the maximum reduction in disc space height.
      Seventeen patients were scanned at more than 1 year after treatment. Of these, 13
      had been treated by chemonucleolysis alone. No significant return of signal from
      the nucleus pulposus was noted despite a slight reconstitution in disc space
      height. Chymopapain produced irreversible changes analogous to gross premature
      disc degeneration. No similar changes were noted in a control group of 12
      patients (31 discs) undergoing diagnostic discography without injection of the
      enzyme.

PMID- 3686224
TI  - Spontaneous chronic spinal subarachnoid hematoma. Report of a case and review of
      the literature.

PMID- 3686225
TI  - Intradural thoracic disc protrusion.

PMID- 3686226
TI  - Upper cervical involvement in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Atlanto-axial dislocation and upward migration of the odontoid were studied in
      patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated conservatively and those treated by
      atlanto-axial posterior fusion. Upward migration of the odontoid was evaluated by
      Ranawat's and Redlund-Johnell's methods after determining the normal range in
      healthy Japanese adults. Of the 100 patients treated conservatively, atlanto
      axial dislocation was found in 49% and upward migration of the odontoid in 26% by
      the former method, and in 8% by the latter method. The detection rate of these
      lesions increased with the increase in the duration of the disease and
      progression of rheumatoid lesions. Abnormal Ranawat values are associated with
      lesions in the C1-C2 segment and abnormal Redlund-Johnell values with 0-C2
      lesions. The latter suggests severe conditions and seems to be a useful indicator
      for the diagnosis of upward migration of the odontoid in our study. Though
      rheumatoid lesions in the upper cervical spine mainly involved the C1-C2 level,
      marked deterioration of the atlanto-occipital joints was also occasionally
      observed. Therefore, in surgical treatment, attention should be paid also to this
      region. Patients with abnormal Redlund-Johnell values require spinal fixation
      including the occipital bone.

PMID- 3686227
TI  - CT-functional diagnostics of the rotatory instability of the upper cervical
      spine. Part 2. An evaluation on healthy adults and patients with suspected
      instability.
AB  - Nine healthy adults and 43 patients with cervical spine injury were examined by
      using functional (computerized tomography) CT scanning. The ranges of axial
      rotation at the levels occiput C0-C1, C1-C2, and C2-C3 were measured. A rotation
      at C0-C1 greater than 8 degrees; at C1-C2, 56 degrees; or a right-left difference
      C0-C1 greater than 5 degrees and C1-2 greater than 8 degrees indicates
      hypermobility. A rotation at segment C1-C2 of less than 28 degrees indicates
      hypomobility. Surgical stabilization of rotatory instability could be considered
      as a possible therapeutic procedure.

PMID- 3686228
TI  - Rotation of the cervical spine. A CT study in normal subjects.
AB  - A computed tomography (CT) study of rotation of the cervical spine was undertaken
      in normal subjects aged 20 to 26 years. Section scans through the neck were made
      with the head in maximal rotation to the right or the left. Occiput, cervical
      spine, and first thoracic vertebra, thus, were depicted in different degrees of
      rotation with respect to the sagittal plane. These differences indicated the
      maximal degree of rotation in each of the eight segments between occiput and
      thoracic spine. Mean values for these segments were 1.0 degree, 40.5 degrees, 3.0
      degrees, 6.5 degrees, 6.8 degrees, 6.9 degrees, 5.4 degrees and 2.1 degrees,
      respectively. Measurement error proved to be relatively small. By means of CT
      sections in the plane of the intervertebral joints (in three subjects in
      midposition, in one subject in maximal rotation of the head to one side) an axis
      of rotation could be constructed from the anatomic shape of the uncovertebral
      joints. The theory of Hall that the unciform processes are essential for rotation
      is confirmed and further elaborated.

PMID- 3686229
TI  - Relationship between kyphosis, scoliosis, and osteoporosis in the elderly
      population.
AB  - In 56 valid subjects 60 years old or more, bone mineral content (BMC) of the
      second, third, and fourth lumbar vertebrae and of femoral neck was measured by
      dual-photon absorptiometry. Dorsal kyphosis and lumbar and dorso-lumbar scoliosis
      were determined from radiographs using the Cobb methods. Kyphosis was positively
      correlated with low BMC but not with scoliosis. Scoliosis was positively
      correlated with femoral neck BMC but not with vertebral BMC.

PMID- 3686230
TI  - Holocord astrocytoma: a two-staged operative approach.
AB  - Biopsy or subtotal resection followed by radiation for intramedullary
      astrocytomas of the spinal cord offer palliation but not cure. A treatment
      modality using an ultrasonic suction device has revolutionized the treatment of
      these tumors and has been extended to include the treatment of intramedullary
      tumors involving the entire length of the spinal cord (holocord tumors) with
      evident success. An alternative to this technique, a two-staged microsurgical
      approach, allows complete excision of the tumor and thus offers a chance for
      cure. Two patients have been treated in this manner, and more than 3 years after
      the operations, both patients were still improving neurologically without any
      evidence of tumor recurrence.

PMID- 3686231
TI  - The effect of Harrington rod contouring on lumbar lordosis.
AB  - The effect of Harrington rod sagittal plane contouring, or lack of it, on total
      lumbar, segmental lumbar, and lumbosacral lordosis was studied retrospectively in
      a series of 36 patients operated on for idiopathic scoliosis. Regardless of
      contouring, there was a decrease in total lumbar lordosis and lordosis above L4,
      with an increase in lordosis below L5. Although not statistically significant,
      patients with contoured rods had less loss of segmental (L1-4) lordosis and less
      increase in segmental lumbosacral lordosis (L4-S1) than the noncontoured group.
      Although helpful, additional steps beyond concave rod contouring appear to be
      necessary to consistently preserve lumbar lordosis.

PMID- 3686232
TI  - Trunk extensor EMG-torque relationship.
AB  - The integrated surface electromyogram (IEMG) of the lumbar erectores spinae and
      the torque generated were simultaneously recorded from 27 healthy subjects in the
      standing posture while they pulled isometrically against resistance provided by a
      harness around the shoulders. The IEMG-torque ratio (efficiency of electrical
      activity, or EEA) was used to characterize each subject. Individual recordings
      showed evidence of nonlinearity of the IEMG-torque relationship in that a
      statistically better fit to experimental recordings was obtained by using two
      straight lines with a breakpoint between them. However, with repeated testing,
      the gradients of these two lines were more variable than the slope of the single
      straight line fitted to the entire recording. The slope of the best fit line
      (EEA) was less for recordings made during torque decrease than for increasing
      torque recordings. This also showed as a "hysteresis" pattern in the recordings.
      The coefficient of variability (within subjects) of the EEA was greater in day-to
      day testing (24%) than with repeated pulls at the same testing session (14%).
      This was similar to variability of the maximum generated torque. About 25% of the
      variability between subjects was found to be due to anthropometric differences.
      The residual variability of the relationship would limit the accuracy of IEMG as
      a measure of muscular effort under changing torque conditions. However, the EEA
      may be useful for characterizing muscle performance, especially when maximum
      effort cannot be achieved.

PMID- 3686233
TI  - CT discography: prognostic value in the selection of patients for
      chemonucleolysis.
AB  - The purpose of this study is to analyze the prognostic value of discography
      followed by lumbar CT scanning in the selection of patients for chemonucleolysis.
      The overall success rate of chemonucleolysis in this series of 50 patients were
      72%. The best results were obtained when the herniated disc fragment demonstrated
      a large uptake of contrast material visible by CT discography. The success rate
      of chemonucleolysis in this group of patients was 95%. Conversely, when the
      herniated fragment demonstrated no uptake of contrast material by CT discography,
      the success rate of the chemonucleolysis was 16%.

PMID- 3686234
TI  - Comparison of chemonucleolysis and microsurgical discectomy for the treatment of
      herniated lumbar disc.
AB  - A series of 126 patients with symptomatic herniated lumbar disc who were treated
      by either chemonucleolysis (CN) or microsurgical lumbar discectomy (MLD) was
      reviewed retrospectively. Of the 45 patients who chose chemonucleolysis, 27 (60%)
      reported a good outcome. The minor morbidity in this group was 52% and the major
      morbidity (infection) was 2.2%. Of the 81 patients who selected microsurgical
      discectomy, 72 (89%) reported a good result. The minor morbidity was 5%, and the
      major morbidity (infection) was 1.2%. The lower incidence of treatment success
      and higher percentage of patients suffering morbidity in the chemonucleolysis
      group make this procedure less desirable in the treatment of patients with
      herniated lumbar disc.

PMID- 3686235
TI  - Repeat chymopapain injections. Results and complications.
AB  - In this review of 35 patients who received repeat chymopapain injections, 41% had
      an excellent result, 37% had some improvement, and 22% showed no improvement. Of
      the 21 patients followed who had the same disc injected twice, 43% had an
      excellent result and 24% had no improvement. Of the three patients followed who
      had a different disc injected on the second occasion, one had an excellent
      result, and none showed no improvement. There was no significant difference
      between the two groups. Six patients (17%) had an anaphylactic reaction to the
      second injection. Five had a major reaction. Repeat chymopapain injection may be
      a valid treatment for a protruded disc but should not be performed until a
      definitive test for sensitivity is developed.

PMID- 3686236
TI  - The biomechanics of decompressive laminectomy.
AB  - The biomechanical effect of laminectomy as a means of relieving compression of
      the spinal cord-meningeal complex by an anterior mass was studied in ten grossly
      normal human cadaver spines. The basic experimental set-up involved drilling a
      sagittal plane hole transversely across a vertebral body to provide direct access
      to the anterior aspect of the neural canal. After securing a probe and linearly
      variable differential transformer (LVDT) assembly at each site to be tested, the
      probe was gently pushed into the neural canal; contact force against the tip of
      the probe as well as the depth of probe penetration was measured and recorded.
      Laminectomy did not alter the resulting contact force/anterior penetration plots
      at the fifth cervical, seventh thoracic, 12th thoracic, or third lumbar vertebra.
      Using the probe/LVDT assembly to measure anterior dural displacement and a
      cantilever displacement device to measure posterior dural displacement after
      laminectomy at the 12th thoracic vertebra, the authors found that although the
      anterior dura underwent gross displacement as the probe was pushed into the
      neural canal, the posterior dura displaced to a minimal degree. The extent of the
      laminectomy was not a factor. The study did not demonstrate any possible
      mechanism by which laminectomy could reduce the pressure exerted on the dura and
      neural elements by an anterior mass in a spine with otherwise normal neural canal
      dimensions.

PMID- 3686238
TI  - Lumbar intraspinal epidermoid tumor. Evaluation with computed tomography and
      myelography.

PMID- 3686237
TI  - Surgical management of lumbar spinal stenosis.
AB  - Eighty consecutive patients with lumbar spinal stenosis surgically treated during
      a 5-year period by the author were reviewed. Patients were placed in the
      following categories: lateral spinal stenosis (10), central-mixed stenosis (29),
      spinal stenosis after laminectomy and/or fusion (32), and spinal stenosis with
      degenerative scoliosis (9). Contrast-enhanced computed tomographic (CT) scans
      were helpful in determining the levels requiring decompression. However, in the
      multiply operated patient, contrast-enhanced CT scans were misleading in six
      patients. Patients with lateral spinal stenosis were treated with unilateral
      laminectomy and partial facetectomy. The 29 patients with central-mixed stenosis
      underwent decompressive laminectomy and bilateral facetectomies. Six fusions were
      done. In the nine patients with spinal stenosis and scoliosis, concaveside
      partial facetectomies and laminectomies were done as well as spinal fusions. The
      32 patients with spinal stenosis after previous laminectomy and spinal fusions
      were the most difficult group to analyze, and their treatment was the least
      standardized. There were 19 good, eight fair, and five poor results in those who
      had undergone previous surgery. Fifty-seven of the 80 patients (71%) experienced
      a good result from their surgical treatment.

PMID- 3686239
TI  - Computed tomography of the lumbar spine following discography. Clinical
      application in selective cases.

PMID- 3686240
TI  - Epidural morphine as an adjunct in the treatment of intervertebral disc
      infection.

PMID- 3686241
TI  - [Roentgen study of the stomach. A noninvasive study procedure with great
      diagnostic value].

PMID- 3686243
TI  - [Injuries of the cervical spine in children].

PMID- 3686242
TI  - [Comparison of the results of surgical and combined therapy in patients with
      cancer of the thoracic esophagus].

PMID- 3686244
TI  - [Surgical technic in pectus excavatum].

PMID- 3686245
TI  - [Personal experience with the extracorporeal circulation technic and deep
      hypothermia in patients with cyanotic heart defects and an extensive collateral
      circulation].

PMID- 3686246
TI  - [Gastroesophageal reflux as a cause for the manifestation of bronchial asthma].

PMID- 3686247
TI  - [Expansive thoracic lesions in children in clinical material].

PMID- 3686248
TI  - [Duodenojejunal atresia with agenesis of the dorsal mesentery].

PMID- 3686249
TI  - [Torsion of the spleen in children].

PMID- 3686250
TI  - [Local treatment of burns in children using silver sulfathiazole].

PMID- 3686251
TI  - [Four cases of adult onset Still's disease (AOSD)].

PMID- 3686252
TI  - [A case of pseudogout associated with panhypopituitarism].

PMID- 3686253
TI  - Peritoneal mesothelioma complicated by colojejunal fistula. A case report.

PMID- 3686254
TI  - Vascular complications after orthopaedic surgery. Report of 5 cases.

PMID- 3686256
TI  - Is duodenitis related to duodenal ulceration as gastritis is to gastric
      ulceration?

PMID- 3686255
TI  - Arteriovenous fistulas and false aneurysms occurring after trauma.

PMID- 3686257
TI  - Morbidity and mortality in surgery for obstructive jaundice.

PMID- 3686258
TI  - Regional cerebral blood flow determination by computed tomography and xenon gas
      inhalation after severe head injury. Report of 2 cases.

PMID- 3686259
TI  - Spontaneous arteriovenous fistulas of common iliac vessels. A case report.

PMID- 3686260
TI  - Privatisation and medicine.

PMID- 3686261
TI  - The Royal College of Psychiatrists and medical sanctions against South Africa.

PMID- 3686262
TI  - Treatment of hairy cell leukaemia with recombinant alpha-interferon.
AB  - Of 10 patients with hairy cell leukaemia treated with 3 mU recombinant alpha
      interferon daily, 9 showed clinical haematological response--including 2 patients
      who achieved complete remission. Unmaintained responses have continued for as
      long as 18+ months after completion of therapy. There was no significant toxicity
      associated with this treatment schedule.

PMID- 3686263
TI  - A comparative study of pipemidic acid and nitrofurantoin in the treatment of
      uncomplicated urinary tract infections.
AB  - In an open uncontrolled trial 60 women with confirmed uncomplicated urinary tract
      infections were randomly allocated to receive either pipemidic acid (Septidron;
      Ethimed) or nitrofurantoin for 10 days. Urine cultures were done on day 1 and day
      10. No statistical difference was found in the subjective and objective
      assessments of the response to the two medications and it is concluded that
      pipemidic acid is a satisfactory and effective alternative to nitrofurantoin in
      the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections in women.

PMID- 3686264
TI  - Mebendazole 500 mg for single-dose treatment of nematode infestation.
AB  - Single 500 mg doses of mebendazole (Vermox; Janssen) were administered to 211
      children aged 5 - 16 years in a rural area for treatment of single and mixed
      infestations with Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm and Trichuris trichiura; the
      majority of subjects had low egg counts. Treatment was particularly effective
      against Ascaris, less effective against hookworm and promising against Trichuris.
      In most refractory cases egg output was considerably reduced. Treatment resulted
      in fewer Ascaris (95%) and hookworm (84%) ova reaching the environment. The
      results compare well with those obtained elsewhere in the world. One case of
      Strongyloides stercoralis infestation appeared after treatment. The drug was well
      tolerated and no side-effects were observed.

PMID- 3686265
TI  - Rheumatoid factor in the diagnosis of congenital syphilis.
AB  - Rheumatoid factor was evaluated as a screening test for congenital syphilis. It
      was positive in all infants with syphilis but negative in control infants. The
      test would appear to be of definite diagnostic value.

PMID- 3686266
TI  - Variations in mortality of the coloured, white and Asian population groups in the
      RSA, 1978-1982. Part V. Hypertensive diseases.
AB  - An analysis was undertaken of mortality from hypertensive disease in the RSA
      between 1978 and 1982 among whites, coloureds and Asians. The age-specific
      mortality rates for each group are presented and comparisons are also made
      between these groups based on age-standardised mortality rates. As with a similar
      study undertaken for the period 1969-1971, marked variations are seen between the
      various population groups. The rates for Asians exceeded those for coloureds
      substantially, and both these groups had far higher rates than whites. These
      results demonstrate an interesting variation when compared with mortality from
      ischaemic heart disease and recent prevalence studies of hypertension. The
      possibility that this variation is due to better control of hypertension in
      whites or is a result of a different ratio of risk factors in each group studied
      is considered.

PMID- 3686267
TI  - Variations in mortality of the coloured, white and Asian population groups in the
      RSA, 1978-1982. Part VI. Ischaemic heart disease.
AB  - An analysis of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) mortality for the period 1978-1982
      showed markedly different rates for the Asian, white and coloured population
      groups in the RSA. Age-specific and age-standardised rates for Asians were in
      general considerably higher than those for whites, and did not show the marked
      decline with time observed in rates for whites. Although coloureds were seen to
      have considerably lower age-standardized rates than Asians or whites of the same
      sex, an increase in the age-standardised rates for coloured males over a 10-year
      period and a slight decrease among females suggested that rates for coloureds may
      be in the process of approaching those for the other groups. The observed decline
      in IHD rates among whites of both sexes suggests that preventable major risk
      factors may be coming under control, apparently to a greater extent in this group
      than among Asians or coloureds.

PMID- 3686268
TI  - Mixed adenocarcinoma and carcinoid tumour of the colon. A report of 4 cases with
      postulates on histogenesis.
AB  - Gastro-intestinal tumours which contain both mucinous and endocrine cells have
      been reported with increasing frequency recently. Four such mixed neoplasms of
      the colon are described. Macroscopically, the tumours caused muscular hypertrophy
      resulting in thickening of the wall of the bowel and annular stenosis of the
      lumen. Microscopic examination showed them to be poorly differentiated
      adenocarcinomas with a distinct carcinoid component. Both the mucinous and
      endocrine elements were demonstrated in metastatic deposits of the tumour, so
      confirming the malignant nature of each component. The neoplasms appear to
      represent a distinct clinico-pathological entity associated with a poor
      prognosis. The histogenesis is postulated to be a range of neoplasms from pure
      adenocarcinoma through mixed tumours to pure carcinoids and small-cell
      undifferentiated carcinoma. Such mixed tumours could arise from neoplastic change
      of crypt-base stem cells.

PMID- 3686269
TI  - Ophthalmological findings in AIDS. A case report.
AB  - Ophthalmological findings in AIDS include retinal cotton-wool spots, retinal
      haemorrhages, cytomegalovirus retinitis, conjunctival manifestations of Kaposi's
      sarcoma, and cranial nerve palsy. About 75% of patients with AIDS have
      ophthalmological abnormalities. All patients with AIDS, as well as those at high
      risk who have any ocular symptoms, should have a thorough ophthalmological
      evaluation. A case study is presented.

PMID- 3686270
TI  - Schistosomiasis in ectopic or unusual sites. A report of 5 cases.
AB  - Schistosomiasis usually affects the urinary tract or the bowel; 5 cases occurring
      in an endemic area in which the disease presented in an unusual site--lung,
      ovary, testis, intestine and spinal cord--are described.

PMID- 3686271
TI  - Conditions at Baragwanath Hospital.

PMID- 3686272
TI  - Use of Neonatalyte in the first 24 hours of life.

PMID- 3686274
TI  - A plethora of abbreviations.

PMID- 3686273
TI  - Recurrent giant condylomas in a black South African woman.

PMID- 3686275
TI  - Infant mortality in squatter communities in metropolitan Cape Town.

PMID- 3686277
TI  - Flexner revisited--the challenge ahead.

PMID- 3686276
TI  - Future tense--past tense.

PMID- 3686278
TI  - Privatisation.

PMID- 3686279
TI  - Civic medicine.

PMID- 3686281
TI  - The problem of compliance in rheumatic fever.
AB  - During a 12-month period 115 patients defaulted from a rheumatic fever clinic, so
      a study was undertaken to identify factors related to non-compliance by comparing
      defaulters with a group of 50 regular attenders. Those defaulting were
      significantly more likely to be coloured, male, and over 12 years old. They lived
      10-99 km from the hospital, were on several drugs and despite more frequent
      appointments, usually had a record of poor attendance. The severity of the
      underlying heart disease and use of parenteral penicillin did not affect
      compliance. Since the use of regular penicillin prophylaxis for the secondary
      prevention of rheumatic fever is an essential step in reducing the prevalence of
      rheumatic heart disease, rheumatic fever clinics should be structured to address
      the needs of adolescents. Furthermore, the use of neighbourhood clinics for
      routine therapy between visits to a rheumatic fever clinic is essential to
      improve compliance.

PMID- 3686280
TI  - Fatal head injuries in Cape Town.
AB  - Between 1 July 1983 and 30 June 1985 there were 563 cases of fatal head injuries
      in people over the age of 15 years recorded at the Salt River Police Mortuary,
      Cape Town. The demographic character of these cases was reviewed according to:
      (i) age, race and sex; (ii) date, day and time of injury; (iii) cause of death;
      and (iv) positive blood alcohol test. Assaults and transport-related accidents in
      association with a positive blood alcohol test in coloured males aged 40-60 years
      were a major characteristic.

PMID- 3686282
TI  - Menstrual patterns in ultramarathon runners.
AB  - The menstrual status of 70 female ultramarathon runners who were neither
      pregnant, menopausal or on contraceptive medication was examined and compared
      with: (i) their menstrual status before they began running; and (ii) that of a
      sedentary comparison group. Compared with their pre-running menstrual status, the
      overall incidence of chronic menstrual dysfunction (oligo- or amenorrhoea) was
      unchanged (9%) and was only slightly higher than that of the comparison group
      (7%). Those likely to develop chronic menstrual dysfunction tended to be younger,
      had started running at a young age, trained over a long distance each week, had
      low body weight, had experienced previous menstrual irregularity and tended to be
      the better performers. In addition, there was frequently a past history of
      anorexia nervosa. Short-term menstrual irregularity (any temporary deviation from
      normal menstrual patterns) was experienced by 41% of the runners during periods
      of intensive training and competition. Menstrual patterns normalised once these
      stresses were removed. It is concluded that the menstrual dysfunction found in
      ultramarathon runners is of two kinds: (i) a short-term irregularity induced by
      the physical and emotional stresses of competitive ultramarathon running; and
      (ii) chronic menstrual dysfunction which is probably a reflection of a particular
      life-style, personality type, body build, and, possibly most importantly,
      nutritional status.

PMID- 3686283
TI  - Psychiatric research--a new tomorrow.
AB  - Problems and priorities in psychiatric research in South Africa are reviewed.
      Some of the findings of the MRC/UCT Clinical Psychiatry Research Unit in respect
      of mental disorders in psychiatric hospitals in black patients, the elderly, and
      in association with substance abuse are given to indicate that each of these is a
      major medical problem. In particular, the increase in the amount of psychiatric
      disorder due to an ageing population, and the lack of rehabilitation facilities
      for the chronic mentally ill have been emphasised. The need to focus psychiatric
      research on intervention strategies and to co-ordinate neurobiological and
      clinical areas of investigation is stressed.

PMID- 3686284
TI  - Use of indicators in achieving 'Health for All' in South Africa, 1987.
AB  - This review evaluates South Africa's performance in achieving health when
      measured against the World Health Organization's global indicators designed to
      achieve 'Health for All' by the year 2000. As this programme has not been
      implemented in South Africa, a need exists for this country to announce
      indicators and targets. South Africa meets the World Health Organization's
      targets in terms of health expenditure but available information on many of the
      other indicators suggest that a large segment of the population falls outside the
      targets set. Lack of immunisation and poor nutrition are reflected in
      unacceptably high infant mortality rates and relatively low life expectancies. As
      accurate data are needed for planning at both national and local levels a
      national health survey should be conducted.

PMID- 3686285
TI  - Platelet concentrate-thrombin coagulum: a new biological dressing for the
      promotion of wound healing.

PMID- 3686287
TI  - Faecal loading in childhood--a diagnosis often missed.

PMID- 3686286
TI  - Plasmodium ovale infections in Natal.

PMID- 3686288
TI  - Spontaneous echo contrast in mitral stenosis.

PMID- 3686289
TI  - Mucociliary clearance mechanism in cigarette smokers.

PMID- 3686290
TI  - Hyperthermia in cancer therapy.

PMID- 3686291
TI  - Lactation management--the doctor's role.

PMID- 3686292
TI  - Negligence in the operating theatre--the judicial view.

PMID- 3686294
TI  - The outcome of psychiatric illness. A 2-year follow-up study.
AB  - A 2-year follow-up of 328 patients discharged from a psychiatric hospital was
      carried out to determine the presence and severity of symptoms, disturbed
      behaviour and functional disability and to assess social performance. Population
      groups and diagnostic entities (schizophrenia, affective illness, acute and
      chronic organic brain syndromes and functional non-psychotic conditions) were
      compared. In general the proportion of patients with symptoms was considerable at
      discharge in respect of both the diagnostic entities and the population groups,
      and decreased on follow-up. Disturbed behaviour abated on discharge, but the
      prevalence of functional incapacity remained high. The pattern for different
      diagnostic groups was more or less the same, but the proportions differed in some
      instances. These are discussed in detail. The problem of sequelae of psychiatric
      illness in patients discharged from a psychiatric hospital is shown to be
      considerable.

PMID- 3686293
TI  - Intensive care management of acute organophosphate poisoning. A 7-year experience
      in the western Cape.
AB  - Organophosphate poisoning (OPP) was an important reason for admission of patients
      to the respiratory intensive care unit (ICU) at Tygerberg Hospital, Parowvallei,
      CP, during the period 1979-1985; a marked increase in the number of cases was
      evident over the last 2 years. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of
      61 patients with OPP admitted to the ICU over this 7-year period. Diagnosis was
      based on the history, clinical manifestations of OPP, and low
      pseudocholinesterase levels. Suicidal ingestion was the predominant cause of OPP.
      Of the 61 patients, 46 (75%) were under 40 years of age. In more than 50% of
      cases the clinical presentation was characterised by classic signs of OPP such as
      increased secretions, fasciculations and small pupils. In 61% the level of
      consciousness was disturbed. We retrospectively classified and graded patients on
      a scale of 0-3 on the basis of the initial clinical findings, blood gas values
      and chest radiographs, in an attempt to facilitate identification of high-risk
      cases. Patients with grade 3 intoxication (attempted suicide, stupor, partial
      arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2) less than 10 kPa and an abnormal chest radiograph
      -two or more factors present) were more likely to require ventilatory support and
      stayed in the ICU longer than patients with grades 0-2 intoxication (P less than
      0.05). Patients who presented with pulmonary abnormalities (admission chest
      radiograph abnormal or PaO2 less than 10 kPa) also required ventilatory support
      more frequently than did patients whose chest radiographs and blood gas values
      were normal on admission. The mortality rate was 16% and most deaths were due to
      respiratory complications.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3686295
TI  - Non-compliance with psychotropic medication.
AB  - A 2-year follow-up study of 406 patients discharged from a psychiatric hospital
      revealed that non-compliance with psychotropic medication was a problem in at
      least half the cases overall. Non-compliance with oral phenothiazine was
      particularly evident among the cohorts of patients classified as black and
      coloured (approximately two-thirds and half respectively failing to comply,
      compared with approximately one-quarter in the white cohort). Compliance was
      somewhat better for intramuscular medication. The proportion of poor compliers
      remained at about the same level at the 6-month, 18-month and 24-month follow
      ups. There were more male than female non-compliers (51% and 41% respectively)
      and more among younger patients of all population groups. Understanding of the
      details of treatment by the relatives of black and coloured patients was
      particularly poor, only 14% and 12% respectively understanding the purpose and
      nature of medication. The main reasons for non-compliance were active resistance
      to taking medication, unpleasant side-effects and non-attendance at clinics.
      Several areas which allow remediation of the problem have been highlighted.

PMID- 3686296
TI  - Amniotic fluid infection syndrome in private and non-private patients.
AB  - The incidence of placental histological evidence of amniotic fluid infection
      syndrome (AFIS) was studied in two groups of patients delivered at term. One
      group received private medical care during pregnancy, while the other patients
      were delivered at a midwife obstetric unit. There was no significant difference
      in histological evidence of AFIS in the private patient (22%) and non-private
      patient (28%) groups.

PMID- 3686297
TI  - Management and outcome of pregnancy complicated by severe pre-eclampsia of early
      onset.
AB  - Fifty-six patients with severe gestational proteinuric hypertension presenting at
      less than 32 weeks' gestation with a live fetus were studied to determine
      complications, possible treatment and outcome. Sixteen patients (28%) were
      delivered within 72 hours of presentation for maternal or fetal reasons. In 10
      patients the blood pressure settled and they received no antihypertensive therapy
      but 33 patients received oral antihypertensive therapy (mainly monohydralazine
      and oxprenolol) in an attempt to delay delivery. The mean presentation to
      delivery interval in these patients was 11.4 +/- 9.1 days with a range of 1 day -
      7 weeks, but 17 patients (51.5%) were delivered within 1 week of presentation.
      The final 13 patients in the series developed serious medical or obstetric
      complications during the attempt to delay delivery. The caesarean section rate
      was 75%. There was a 24.5% overall perinatal mortality, and 19% of infants were
      small for gestational age. Nine infants were delivered before 28 weeks' gestation
      with only 1 survivor. Antihypertensive therapy allowed delivery to be delayed to
      after 28 weeks in 11 patients with only 1 perinatal death. The fetal survival was
      100% in patients presenting after 30 weeks' gestation. The unpredictability of
      the course of disease leads to difficulty in deciding the most appropriate
      management.

PMID- 3686298
TI  - [Evaluation of a new blood pressure cuff for patients with large and normal arm
      circumferences].
AB  - A new multisize blood pressure cuff (TriCuff; Inmed) which automatically adjusts
      to fit any size arm was tested against the routinely used 12 x 23 cm cuff in
      patients with an arm circumference less than 33 cm (group A = 30) and against the
      15 x 33 cm cuff as well as the 12 x 23 cm cuff in patients with arm circumference
      greater than 33 cm (group B = 26). Arm circumference in group A was 25 +/- 3 cm
      and in group B 38 +/- 3 cm (P less than 0.01). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and
      diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in group A was 125 +/- 20 mmHg and 78 +/- 11 mmHg
      respectively with the TriCuff and 124 +/- 19 mmHg and 78 +/- 13 mmHg with the 12
      x 23 cm cuff. In group B SBP and DBP with the TriCuff was 134.6 +/- 13.3 mmHg and
      84 +/- 17 mmHg respectively compared with 132 +/- 15 mmHg and 83.8 +/- 16 mmHg
      measured by the 15 x 33 cm cuff. SBP and DBP with the 12 x 23 cm cuff was 139.8
      +/- 16 mmHg and 90.8 +/- 14 mmHg respectively. Both these values are
      significantly higher (P less than 0.05) compared with the new cuff and the larger
      cuff. Using the 12 x 23 cm cuff in group B resulted in the false diagnosis of
      hypertension in 3 normotensive patients. The TriCuff gives accurate blood
      pressure measurements in patients with different arm circumferences and should
      prevent false-positive diagnoses of hypertension in obese patients.

PMID- 3686299
TI  - Prediction of intra-uterine growth retardation using maternal glucose tolerance
      and anthropometric data.
AB  - Maternal anthropometric data and the intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT)
      were investigated as predictors of idiopathic intra-uterine growth retardation
      (IUGR). Eighty-three eligible subjects without known risk factors for IUGR were
      enrolled at 30.5 +/- 3.8 weeks' gestation and followed up until delivery at 39.3
      +/- 1.9 weeks, at which stage the infants were assessed. There were no
      differences between the IVGTT profiles of mothers of infants which were
      appropriate for gestational age and those which were small for gestational age
      (SGA), irrespective of lenient or strict definitions of SGA. Third-trimester
      weight gain (grams per week) correlated well with both duration of pregnancy and
      birth weight (P less than 0.01). Correlations were also found between maternal
      weight and birth weight, between maternal height/weight ratio and birth weight,
      and between birth weight and maternal subscapular skinfold thickness.

PMID- 3686300
TI  - Prophylaxis against gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum. A prospective study.
AB  - The incidence of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum (GON) in the area served by the
      Peninsula Maternity and Neonatal Services in Cape Town is 273/100,000 live
      births. Two prophylactic agents, 1% silver nitrate ophthalmic solution and 0.5%
      erythromycin ophthalmic ointment, were introduced in routine eye care of the
      newborn in the main academic obstetric units. These agents resulted in a
      significant decrease in the incidence of GON to 34/100,000 live births. The
      alternative forms of prophylaxis against GON are discussed and the need for
      reinstitution of prophylaxis is emphasised.

PMID- 3686301
TI  - Endoscopic examination of the nose and results of functional endoscopic sinus
      surgery in 50 patients.
AB  - The concept of and motivation for endoscopic examination of the nose in
      conjunction with computed tomography of the paranasal sinuses in cases of
      persistent or chronic recurring sinusitis is discussed. A review of the first 50
      cases operated on by the author is given comparing pre- and postoperative
      symptomatology as well as the most common complications observed.

PMID- 3686302
TI  - Epidemiological research methods. Part VII. Epidemiological research in health
      planning.

PMID- 3686303
TI  - Benign chylous ascites. A case report.
AB  - Although most cases of benign chylous ascites are a result of surgical trauma,
      inflammatory conditions and unknown causes still account for a significant
      proportion. A case of idiopathic chylous ascites is discussed to highlight the
      difficulties in diagnosis and management.

PMID- 3686304
TI  - Traumatic meningocele formation in the lumbosacral region. A case report.
AB  - Traumatic meningoceles in the lumbosacral region are extremely uncommon. Water
      soluble contrast myelography has proved to be ideal for the diagnosis.

PMID- 3686306
TI  - Child restraints in motor vehicles.

PMID- 3686305
TI  - Vertebral haemangiomas. A report of 2 cases.
AB  - Vertebral haemangiomas are benign lesions but can be responsible for a variety of
      symptoms varying from localised pain to myelopathy and paralysis. Two
      successfully treated cases of spinal cord compression caused by vertebral
      haemangiomas are reported.

PMID- 3686307
TI  - Metronidazole for rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 3686308
TI  - Phenylketonuria, pyruvate kinase deficiency and Kouska'a fallacy.

PMID- 3686309
TI  - Economic policy, intergenerational equity, and the Social Security Trust Fund
      buildup.
AB  - For the next 75 years, the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI)
      system is projected to be close to in balance, on average. For approximately the
      next 40 years, under current projections, the combined OASDI Trust Fund is
      expected to continually have excesses of income over outgo, creating a buildup
      that will peak in 2030 at about +12 1/2 trillion (roughly 23 percent of the gross
      national product). Thereafter, the system is projected to be in annual deficit
      continually until the trust fund is exhausted in 2051. This article focuses on
      two fundamental issues that must be understood if the potential economic
      consequences of this buildup are to be evaluated properly. The first issue deals
      with the fact that the nature of Federal economic policy during the buildup
      period will determine the ultimate economic impact of the buildup. The second
      issue concerns the effect of the buildup, and its disposition, on the Social
      Security program's treatment of one generation of workers compared with another.
      If a fund is actually accumulated as projected, part of the retirement benefits
      of the "baby-boom" generation will, in effect, be self-financed. If, however,
      that fund is used for other purposes--directly or indirectly--future cohorts of
      workers will be required to fully finance benefits promised to the baby-boom
      retirees.

PMID- 3686310
TI  - Research and Social Security policy in the United States.
AB  - This article is adapted from a paper presented at a conference that investigated
      the role of policy research in shaping public policy. The conference focused on
      how studies of economic and social forces and their relationship with public
      problems and programs affect the decisions of public policymakers. The author
      contends that research has the potential to inform policy-making in any of its
      five stages: problem identification, option development, passage of new laws or
      development of new procedures, implementation, and evaluation. She notes that
      different players in the policy-making process use research differently, from the
      senior government official who needs a quick review of what is known relating to
      a "hot" issue to the interest group lobbyist who wants access to raw data. The
      article concludes that research can best achieve its potential when (1) it
      anticipates policymakers' information needs, (2) it is disseminated in an
      accessible form understandable to nonresearchers, and (3) the policy analyst is
      willing to engage in the policy process as an advocate for efficiency.

PMID- 3686311
TI  - History of surgery in the United States.

PMID- 3686312
TI  - Postmastectomy seromas and wound drainage.
AB  - Wound seromas and lymphedema are continuing problems after mastectomy for
      carcinoma of the breast. This study was done to determine whether or not the
      volume of postoperative wound drainage was related to the frequency of seromas
      and lymphedema of the arm. The daily wound drainage and the total hospital
      drainage (THD) were recorded for 49 consecutive patients who had undergone a
      mastectomy and the results were correlated with the frequency of seromas and
      lymphedema. All of the patients had modified mastectomies and no irradiation. All
      had closed suction drainage and none had flap necrosis or infection. Suction
      catheters were discontinued three to 15 days after operation at the discretion of
      the surgeon. THD varied from 227 to 3,607 milliliters and did not correlate with
      body weight. Twenty-six patients had wound seromas develop requiring drainage for
      up to seven months, most often with repeated aspirations, but in four instances
      ultimately with open drainage. THD and 24 hour drainage immediately prior to
      discontinuing suction catheters correlated directly with the frequency of seroma
      formation. No patient with less than 20 centimeters of drainage in the 24 hours
      prior to catheter removal had a seroma. Ipsilateral edema of the arm (more than 3
      centimeters difference in circumference) developed in five patients. THD was
      directly correlated with the frequency of edema of the arm. No patient with less
      than 500 milliliters of THD had edema develop whereas the frequency rate was 75
      per cent with THD of more than 900 milliliters. It was concluded that THD likely
      reflects the magnitude of lymphatic interruption after mastectomy and,
      consequently, the likelihood of lymphatic insufficiency and lymphedema. Minimal
      wound drainage of 24 hours before discontinuing closed drainage catheters
      minimized seroma formation.

PMID- 3686313
TI  - Segmental air plethysmography in the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis.
AB  - The diagnostic accuracy of segmental air plethysmography using a pulse volume
      recorder in the detection of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was assessed.
      Measurements in 25 limbs with phlebographic proof of DVT and 25 limbs with normal
      phlebographic examination results were used to develop criteria. With these
      criteria, a prospective analysis of 50 limbs of patients suspected of having DVT
      was done. High sensitivity and specificity rates were found for proximal DVT. An
      accurate plethysmographic diagnosis could not be obtained for nonocclusive DVT or
      thrombosis confined to calf veins. The accuracy of the segmental air technique
      was comparable with that of other plethysmographic techniques.

PMID- 3686314
TI  - Peritoneal lavage and the surgical resident.
AB  - Peritoneal lavages performed in 161 patients who had sustained blunt (93 per
      cent) and penetrating (7 per cent) trauma were prospectively studied in order to
      assess our indications and technique, as well as to document the accuracy and
      complication rate in the hands of an Advanced Trauma Life Support trained
      resident staff. The most common indication for the performance of a lavage was
      blunt trauma to the abdomen associated with an altered mental status due to
      injury to the head or substance abuse. The semiopen technique was used 91.0 per
      cent of the time with a complication rate of 0.6 per cent. The open technique was
      used 9 per cent of the time on patients who had undergone previous limited
      abdominal operations, those who were pregnant, those with dilated intestine and
      for those patients with evidence of portal hypertension. Aspiration of greater
      than 10 milliliters of gross blood, an erythrocyte count greater than 100,000 per
      millimeter to the third power, or a white blood cell count greater than 500 per
      millimeter to the third power or an elevated amylase or bilirubin level in the
      lavage effluent, were the criteria used for a positive result in blunt trauma.
      The accuracy rate was 93 per cent with eight false-positive and three false
      negative examinations. The sensitivity rate was 94 per cent and the specificity
      rate was 93 per cent. While most reported series classify lavage results as true
      positive when intraperitoneal blood is found at exploration, even if secondary to
      trivial injuries which do not require surgical therapy (nontherapeutic
      laparotomy), we believe that these should be classified as false-positive
      results, as was done in this study. Computerized tomographic scanning may be more
      useful than peritoneal lavage in the evaluation of patients with pelvic fractures
      or other retroperitoneal injuries which often result in false-positive lavage.
      Peritoneal lavage is often an inaccurate indicator of isolated intestine and
      diaphragmatic or retroperitoneal injury. Given its simplicity, low complication
      rate and accuracy, peritoneal lavage can be safely performed by surgeons in
      training to evaluate the victim of trauma.

PMID- 3686316
TI  - Evaluation of early postsplenectomy complications.
AB  - This study was done to define the incidence of early postsplenectomy
      complications and is based upon 688 splenectomies--mainly in malignant and
      nonmalignant hematologic conditions--performed during the period 1952 to 1986. In
      354 patients, early postoperative complications were observed, among whom wound
      and pulmonary infections were most common. A fatal outcome was noted in 32
      patients for a mortality rate of 4.7 per cent. The incidence of early
      complications after splenectomy is higher than after most other surgical
      procedures within the abdominal cavity and depends upon the underlying diseases
      which lead to splenectomy. Deficient immunologic defense mechanisms may be a
      significant factor in the development of early complications in patients after
      splenectomy.

PMID- 3686315
TI  - Biopsy of the scalene fat pad in carcinoma of the cervix uteri metastatic to the
      periaortic lymph nodes.
AB  - Fifty-five patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix uteri metastatic
      to high common iliac or periaortic lymph nodes underwent biopsy of the left
      scalene fat pad as part of a prospective clinical trial. Patients without
      metastasis to the scalene nodes were subsequently treated with extended field
      radiation therapy and were then eligible for a randomized trial of systemic
      chemotherapy. Only four patients were found to have micrometastases to the
      scalene fossa. This figure is appreciably lower than that reported in previous
      literature. While geographic failure continues to be a problem for this group of
      patients, routine use of left scalene fat pad biopsy before treatment is not
      recommended.

PMID- 3686317
TI  - A new pattern of histologic predominance and distribution of malignant diseases
      of the small intestine.
AB  - One hundred and six patients presenting with primary malignant lesions of the
      small intestine during a 15 year period from 1969 to 1983 have been reviewed with
      respect to the histologic nature and location of the neoplasms within the small
      intestine. In contrast with the results of previous reports, we have found
      lymphoma to be the most common primary malignant condition of the small
      intestine. Two populations of patients with lymphomas may exist--those associated
      with celiac disease being confined to the proximal part of the jejunum and those
      arising de novo from lymphomatous tissue in the distal part of the ileum.
      Patients with carcinoma had the primary tumor frequently located in the distal
      portion of the small intestine.

PMID- 3686318
TI  - The relationship between surgeon experience and endometritis after cesarean
      section.
AB  - We studied 294 primary cesarean section and repeat cesarean section deliveries
      with premature rupture of membranes which occurred over a two year period to
      determine if an association existed between postoperative endometritis and the
      level of physician training. The results of preliminary analysis revealed that a
      relationship existed between the level of physician training and the presence of
      endometritis (p less than 0.01). Endometritis rates for patients under the care
      of attending physicians, chief residents and residents serving as the primary
      surgeon were six, 13 and 24 per cent, respectively. Stepwise discriminant
      function analysis allowed us to account for the contribution of independent risk
      factors for endometritis. When surgeon experience was evaluated with other risk
      factors, the presence of a resident serving as the lead surgeon and the age of
      the patient were the only significant predictors of endometritis (p = 0.046 and
      0.007, respectively). The clinical and biologic relevance of the actual age
      difference between infected and noninfected patients (22 years for infected
      patients versus 25 years for noninfected patients) is not readily apparent.
      However, in this study, the identification of a resident acting as a lead surgeon
      has been shown to be a new independent risk factor for predicting endometritis.
      This study demonstrates the need for the evaluation of training programs for
      residents who serve as the principal surgeon for patients who underwent cesarean
      section.

PMID- 3686319
TI  - A simple inexpensive technique for placing drainage catheters through the skin.
AB  - A simple, inexpensive technique for placement of the T tube or Jackson-Pratt
      closed suction drainage catheter through the skin is described herein. This is an
      ideal procedure to use when treating a patient who has underlying ascites and is
      at a higher risk of having a leak develop through the standard procedures of
      placing drains.

PMID- 3686320
TI  - Emergency endotracheal intubation under fiberoptic endoscopic guidance for
      stenosis of the trachea.

PMID- 3686321
TI  - Implications of systemic hypotension for the neurological examination in patients
      with severe head injury.
AB  - Thirty-six patients admitted with severe head injury and various degrees of
      systemic hypotension were studied to determine the effect of hypotension on the
      validity of the neurological examination in reflecting mechanical brain
      compression. All patients had clinical signs of transtentorial herniation or
      upper brainstem compression and underwent immediate bilateral placement of
      exploratory burr holes for the diagnosis and removal of intracranial hematomas.
      All patients were initially hypotensive: 10 were in cardiac arrest, 7 had a
      systolic blood pressure (SBP) less than 60 torr, and 19 had SBP of 60-90 torr.
      The median score on the Glascow coma scale was 3 (range 3-8). Although 4 of the
      10 cardiac arrest patients had anisocoria, only one (10%) had an intracranial
      hematoma. Among the seven patients with severe hypotension, only two had
      anisocoria and neither had and intracranial hematoma; one patient in this group
      (14%) had a hematoma that was diagnosed at autopsy. In contrast, intracranial
      hematomas were discovered by burr-hole placement and evacuated in 13 (68%) of 19
      patients with initially moderate hypotension, including seven (78%) of nine
      patients with anisocoria. Anisocoria was associated with mechanical brain
      compression from an intracranial hematoma significantly more often in patients
      with an initial SBP of 60-90 torr than in those with initial cardiac arrest or
      SBP less than 60 torr (chi-square p less than 0.05). Intracranial hematomas were
      significantly more frequent among patients with SBP of 60-90 torr than among
      those with a lower SBP or initial cardiac arrest (P less than 0.01). Thirty-three
      of 36 patients died; each of the three survivors had an initial SBP of 60-90
      torr, and hematomas were removed in two. In head-injured patients with SBP
      greater than 60 torr, clinical signs of tentorial herniation or upper brainstem
      dysfunction remain valid indicators of possible mechanical compression; the high
      percentage of patients with acute intracranial hematomas in this group warrants
      immediate diagnostic burr-hole exploration. In patients with severe initial
      hypotension (SBP less than 60 torr) or cardiac arrest, clinical findings of
      brainstem dysfunction cannot be relied upon to indicate mechanical compression,
      and computed tomography scanning should be done immediately after resuscitation
      to determine the need for surgical exploration.

PMID- 3686322
TI  - Surgery of incidental intracranial aneurysms.
AB  - A series of nine patients with an unruptured asymptomatic aneurysm not associated
      with a ruptured aneurysm is discussed. Three had giant aneurysms. Two patients
      had bilateral aneurysms of the middle cerebral artery. Five had solitary
      aneurysms of the middle cerebral artery. One had an aneurysm of the anterior
      communicating artery. One had an ophthalmic aneurysm. All aneurysms were clipped.
      Two operations were necessary in the two patients with bilateral aneurysms. There
      was no mortality and no significant morbidity. Clipping of the aneurysm is
      recommended for those patients who have no other serious illness that
      significantly increases the surgical risk. If a combination of pituitary tumor
      and aneurysm is found, a subfrontal instead of transsphenoidal approach should be
      considered so as to treat both the tumor and aneurysm at the same operation.

PMID- 3686323
TI  - Ca2+ antagonist and protection of the brain against ischemia. Effects of
      nicardipine on free fatty acid liberation in the ischemic brain in rats.
AB  - Using a model of global cerebral ischemia in rats, we examined the effects of a
      dihydropyridine Ca2+ antagonist, nicardipine, on the liberation of free fatty
      acids (FFAs). After decapitation of the animals, FFAs showed a rapid progressive
      increase for a whole experimental period of up to 60 minutes without reaching a
      plateau. Nicardipine in a dosage of 1 mg/kg effectively attenuated the liberation
      of FFAs, particularly that of arachidonic acid which is known as the precursor of
      prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes. The FFAs of the brain have been
      known as one of the biochemical markers that indicate ischemic damage of the
      brain cell membrane. The results of the present study support a possible
      protective effect of Ca2+ antagonist against cerebral ischemia.

PMID- 3686324
TI  - Malignant epithelioid peripheral nerve sheath tumor arising in a benign
      schwannoma.
AB  - The case of a patient with malignant degeneration of a solitary abdominal
      schwannoma and endobronchial metastasis is presented. The patient presented
      clinically with dyspnea referable to her lung mass, anorexia, and night sweats.
      The lung mass, initially diagnosed as a large-cell undifferentiated carcinoma,
      was later found to be histologically identical to the malignant portion of the
      abdominal tumor. The light microscopic, electron microscopic, and
      immunoperoxidase staining characteristics of the tumor are reported, and previous
      reports in the literature are reviewed.

PMID- 3686325
TI  - Spontaneous disappearance of a middle fossa arachnoid cyst associated with
      subdural hematoma.
AB  - The case of a 7-year-old boy with a middle fossa arachnoid cyst that
      spontaneously disappeared is presented. Computed tomography (CT) scan revealed an
      arachnoid cyst in the right middle fossa with a thin subdural hematoma on the
      same side. As the subdural hematoma spontaneously resolved, the cyst became
      smaller and finally disappeared without surgical intervention after 18 months on
      the follow-up CT scans. Possible mechanisms of the spontaneous disappearance of
      an arachnoid cyst are discussed.

PMID- 3686326
TI  - Ruptures of arteriovenous malformations in children associated with trivial head
      trauma.
AB  - Three cases of ruptured arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in childhood
      associated with trivial head trauma are reported. These patients represented
      12.5% of 25 consecutive patients with cerebral AVMs. The patients' ages ranged
      from 5 to 9 years; the patients were younger than their nontraumatic
      counterparts. The force of the trauma was presumably received in an
      anteroposterior or posteroanterior direction in all cases. Hematomas accompanying
      the AVMs were located in the subcortical area of the parietal or temporal lobe
      and angiographically their feeding arteries were all from the anterior cerebral
      artery or middle cerebral artery. The possible mechanisms for the rupture of AVMs
      after trivial head trauma are discussed.

PMID- 3686327
TI  - Syringomyelia after decompressive laminectomy for cervical spondylosis.
AB  - We describe a case of cervical spondylotic myelopathy in which deterioration
      occurred a month after decompressive laminectomy. Syringomyelia was then in
      evidence as seen by myelography and delayed metrizamide computed tomography
      scanning. The etiology of this finding and its possible relation to the course
      and treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy are discussed.

PMID- 3686328
TI  - Revascularization for moyamoya disease: five-year follow-up.
AB  - We present a case of severe moyamoya disease in a 4-year-old child involving the
      anterior and posterior circulations. Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis was
      performed and the child was followed for 5 years with serial angiography. Early
      clinical stabilization was attained and the child has normal or superior
      intellectual development despite her early fixed deficits. Follow-up angiography
      revealed the development of several large direct anastomotic channels.

PMID- 3686329
TI  - Primary phycomycosis of the brain in heroin addicts.
AB  - Two heroin addicts had fatal primary phycomycosis of the brain. The first case is
      unique. A 28-year-old man displayed unusual symptoms of unilateral hydrocephalus
      confirmed by both computed tomography (CT) scanning of the brain and craniotomy.
      The nature of the fungal granuloma was verified histopathologically. The second
      case, a 40-year-old man, possessed bilateral basal ganglionic lesions in which
      the CT scanning suggested abscesses. Postmortem examination confirmed the
      presence of phycomycotic abscesses. There was no evidence of systemic mycoses in
      both cases. Review of the clinical features of this fatal complication in drug
      abusers and narcotic addicts disclosed that hemiparesis and facial weakness are
      common. Brain or CT scan along with brain biopsy are necessary for rapid
      diagnosis and prompt treatment.

PMID- 3686330
TI  - The expert witness--to serve or not to serve (and if so, for how much)

PMID- 3686331
TI  - Neurosurgery may not die.

PMID- 3686332
TI  - Regional variation in costs of cataract surgeries.

PMID- 3686333
TI  - Canada's changing population.

PMID- 3686335
TI  - Reutilization of 125I-UdR during growth of a solid mammary carcinoma:
      implications for the 125I-UdR loss technique.
AB  - Reutilization of thymidine (TdR) and 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (I-UdR) released by
      dying tumour cells was assayed in the syngeneic adenocarcinoma EO 771 by
      injecting heat killed, labelled tumour cells into tumours. 3H and 125I liberation
      from labelled breakdown products was measured in tumours of various sizes without
      or with separation of tumours into viable and necrotic portions. Internal
      reutilization of 3H-TdR was considerably greater than that of 125I-UdR. 125I-UdR
      released by dying tumour cells was reutilized at about 10%. There was no
      significant increase in 125I-UdR reutilization during tumour growth. It is
      concluded that measurements of radioactivity loss by the 125I-UdR technique can
      result in underestimating the real cell loss depending on the amount of internal
      reutilization by the tumours investigated. Compared with 3H-TdR 125I-UdR is the
      tracer of choice for long term studies of cell loss.

PMID- 3686334
TI  - [Pre-irradiation and surgery of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral
      cavity and oropharynx: the results of a 1973-1984 study].
AB  - In collaboration with the Radiotherapeutic Hospital, 87 patients with squamous
      cell carcinomas of the oral cavity and the oropharynx were treated by combined
      pre-irradiation and surgical intervention at the University ORL Hospital of
      Cologne. The study was supposed to improve the five-year survival of patients
      suffering from advanced carcinomas of the head and neck area. The male and female
      patient's ratio was 4.5 to 1. Half of the patients had squamous cell carcinomas
      of the oropharynx, 21 patients had tumors of the floor of the mouth, and another
      21 had tumors of the anterior two thirds of the tongue. The tumor and lymph node
      status was classified according to the UICC regulations (1979). In the pre
      irradiation, 40 to 50 Gy were applied to the primary tumor and the regional lymph
      nodes. Surgery was executed generally four weeks after pre-irradiation. The tumor
      remission following to pre-irradiation was very good. 27% of the patients showed
      little or moderate post-operative disturbances in wound healing. An
      osteoradionecrosis was found in 4.6%. Almost 25% of the patients developed local
      recurrences. The cumulated five-year survival of all patients is 32%. In
      dependence on TNM stages, the three-year survival rates are as follows: stage I
      and II 80%, stage III 44%, and stage IV 40%.

PMID- 3686336
TI  - [Individual field shaping in rotational irradiation].
AB  - At the Radiotherapy Department of the University Hospital of Freiburg i.Br., an
      additional diaphragm controlled by an electronic system in dependence on the
      angles was developed for the optimization of irradiation planning, i.e.
      administration of the therapeutically necessary dose to the target volume and, at
      the same time, sparing of risk organs.

PMID- 3686337
TI  - Variations of pion RBE in a volume with an asymmetric beam configuration.
AB  - The relative biological effectiveness for the radiation response of mouse jejunum
      for pions was determined in a clinically relevant asymmetric treatment geometry.
      A cylindrical volume of 570 ccm, with mouse holders in proximal and distal
      positions, was irradiated by spot scan technique with a sector of 31 concentric
      pion beams. The physical dose distribution within the treatment field was
      homogeneous and the average dose rate was 8.5 cGy/min. The aim was to determine
      RBE differences between the proximal and distal edge of the field and to compare
      it with the predictions. The RBE, relative to 200 kVp X-rays, was 1.3 for
      proximal position and 1.4 for the distal one. The results are in agreement with
      the calculations of the therapy planning computer program and with the
      microdosimetric characteristics at the two positions. The variation of the RBE is
      smaller than for the same field irradiated by a single pion beam.

PMID- 3686338
TI  - [Principles of dosimetric planning in contact therapy with highly active Cf-252
      sources].
AB  - In clinical practice, some dosimetric problems of contact therapy with CF-252 are
      not yet sufficiently clarified. One possibility to solve these problems is to
      apply the conception of total photon-equivalent energy doses. This conception
      serves to calculate clinical guidance values of the RBE of the Cf-252 neutron
      constituent for radiogenic late effects in dependence on the total dose rate of
      the mixed radiation. The correlations indicated are valid for dose rates of 0.05
      to 4 Gy/h and 4 to 1.25.10(4) Gy/h. On the basis of these functional correlations
      and taking into consideration the critical normal tissues of rectum and urinary
      bladder, the minimum RBE values of the tumors are indicated which allow a
      therapeutic effect of more than 1 in case of application of Cf-252. The formulas
      for the RBE dependence of the Cf-252 neutron constituent on the total dose rate
      permit to take into account any modifications of this value caused by varying
      source distances in contact therapy. It is concluded from these investigations
      that in oncologic patients, better results are to be expected from a treatment
      with high-energy Cf-252 sources, if the other treatment conditions are identical.

PMID- 3686339
TI  - [Direct daylight in irradiation rooms].
AB  - A floor plan for radiotherapy departments is presented based on the principle of
      a simple labyrinth and allowing direct daylight in the treatment rooms. The
      facilities presented in this article are in use since September 15, 1986.

PMID- 3686340
TI  - Orbital apex syndrome.
AB  - A case is presented of a 16-year-old anticoagulated, immunocompromised male
      presenting with a blind, proptotic left eye, total ophthalmoplegia, and central
      retinal artery occlusion. Ophthalmic examination revealed other features of the
      orbital apex syndrome. Mucormycosis misdiagnosed as a traumatic orbital
      hemorrhage led to the patient's death. In this review, differential diagnosis of
      the orbital apex syndrome (loss of cranial nerves II, III, IV, ophthalmic
      division of V, and VI) is outlined, and features, diagnosis, and treatment of
      mucormycosis are discussed. Although mucormycosis is most commonly seen in
      diabetics, it should be considered in any immunocompromised patient presenting
      with the constellation of features of orbital apex syndrome.

PMID- 3686341
TI  - Pontine infarction: angiography and magnetic resonance imaging.
AB  - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has several advantages over other central
      nervous system imaging techniques in the posterior fossa. The usefulness of MRI
      in demonstrating important clinico-anatomic correlations in neuro-ophthalmologic
      disease of the brainstem is illustrated by a case of a pontine infarction causing
      abnormal horizontal gaze with preserved vertical gaze and convergence.

PMID- 3686342
TI  - Differentiation of adrenal masses by magnetic resonance imaging.
AB  - Eighty-one adrenal masses in 68 patients were examined with magnetic resonance
      imaging (MRI). Masses included nonfunctioning adenomas (17), metastases (25),
      adrenocortical carcinomas (10), and pheochromocytomas (23). T1-weighted pulse
      sequences depicted the anatomy with a resolution comparable to that of computed
      tomography (CT). T2-weighted pulse sequences provided some histologic specificity
      separating nonfunctioning adenomas with low signal-intensity from metastases with
      intermediate signal-intensity and pheochromocytomas with high signal-intensity.
      Pheochromocytomas could always be distinguished from other adrenal masses. In 20%
      of the cases, metastases with low signal-intensity could not be distinguished
      from nonfunctioning adenomas.

PMID- 3686343
TI  - Nerve growth factor (NGF) sensitizes human medullary thyroid carcinoma (hMTC)
      cells for cytostatic therapy in vitro.
AB  - Medullary thyroid carcinoma (hMTC) cells were established from nine patients with
      MTC disease to initiate a new approach of adjuvant medical therapy in these
      patients. We measured calcitonin (CT) secretion, DNA synthesis, and cell
      proliferation in vitro and their response to various substances. Nerve growth
      factor (NGF) (0.01 to 10 micrograms/ml), glucagon (0.01 to 100 micrograms/ml),
      and isoproterenol (4 to 500 micrograms/ml) stimulated CT secretion and DNA
      synthesis in hMTC cells. Other substances, calcium (1.0 to 15 mmol), pentagastrin
      (1.0 to 50 mumol), dibutyryl-cyclic-adenosine-monophosphate (1.0 to 100 mumol),
      and phorbol ester TPA (1.0 to 100 nmol), stimulated CT secretion but not DNA
      synthesis. In addition, NGF enhanced cell proliferation of hMTC cells 2- to 3-
      fold and caused an increased sensitivity of these cells for chemotherapy in
      vitro. Thus 0.5 microgram/ml doxorubicin (half-maximal effective dose) induced a
      cell death rate of up to 32.8%, which was enhanced by preincubation with NGF to
      68.1% (1.0 microgram/ml, NGF) and to 100% (10.0 micrograms/ml, NGF),
      respectively. Pulsative stimulation of APUD cell carcinomas with NGF may
      therefore improve the response rate of these tumors to chemotherapy, which would
      be of significant clinical importance for patients with residual postoperative
      MTC tissue.

PMID- 3686344
TI  - Radioiodine sensitivity of parafollicular C cells in aged Long-Evans rats.
AB  - An earlier study from our laboratory demonstrated that the incidence of thyroid C
      cell neoplasia in aging Long-Evans rats was high. When radioactive iodine was
      administered to 8-week-old Long-Evans rats, this incidence was reduced, although
      thyroid follicular cell neoplasia was increased. The aim of this study was to
      determine whether iodine-131 (131I) administered to an aged population of Long
      Evans rats with established C cell hyperplasia would have a C cell ablative
      effect as pronounced as that observed in studies of young rats. For this study,
      180 18-month-old Long-Evans rats (90 male and 90 female) were used. Baseline
      serum calcitonin levels were determined, and control and experimental groups
      containing equal numbers of animals were designated. 131I was administered by
      intraperitoneal injection to the experimental group, while equal volumes of
      saline solution were given to the control group. Blood samples for determination
      of serum calcitonin levels were obtained at 6-week intervals until the rats were
      24 months old. Thyroid glands were then removed, and tissues were fixed,
      sectioned, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and with peroxidase
      antiperoxidase (PAP) using an anticalcitonin antibody. Examination of thyroid
      tissues showed that the incidence of C cell neoplasia was significantly reduced
      in irradiated animals as compared with nonirradiated controls (chi 2 analysis, p
      less than 0.05). PAP staining demonstrated diminished intracytoplasmic calcitonin
      in the radiation-treated group. Analysis of serum calcitonin levels over time
      showed significantly lower levels in the irradiated rat group than in the
      nonirradiated group (p less than 0.006).

PMID- 3686345
TI  - Amiodarone-associated thyrotoxicosis (AAT): experience with surgical management.
AB  - Amiodarone (Cordarone), a benzofuran derivative containing two atoms of iodine
      per molecule (37% of molecular weight), has recently been released in the United
      States for the management of refractory cardiac arrhythmias. While it was still
      under investigation, 529 patients were managed with this drug at the Mayo Clinic
      between 1981 and 1986; eight of them (1.5%) had thyrotoxicosis 12 to 37 months
      (median, 28 months) after initiation of treatment. Low 24-hour iodine-131 uptake
      (less than 4%) and recognized refractoriness to thionamide treatment precluded
      the use of radioablation or antithyroid drugs. Cessation of the amiodarone
      treatment was considered undesirable from a cardiac standpoint. Near-total
      thyroidectomies were undertaken in six patients, and rapid correction of
      hyperthyroidism followed. There were no intraoperative or postoperative
      arrhythmias. The median postoperative hospital stay was 4.3 days (range, 2 to 13
      days). Subsequently, all patients required thyroid hormone replacement. Near
      total thyroidectomy has proved a safe and effective treatment for amiodarone
      associated thyrotoxicosis in patients who required drug continuation.

PMID- 3686346
TI  - Acute airway distress due to thyroid pathology.
AB  - Patients with multinodular goiter or related thyroid disorders rarely have acute
      airway distress due to tracheal deviation or compression. However, our
      institution cares for a large number of patients with untreated multinodular
      goiters, and in the progression of this disorder, tracheal deviation and airway
      problems are relatively common. During the past 4 years, we have cared for 24
      patients who were admitted with acute, life-threatening airway distress that
      required emergency intervention. Nine patients had emergency intubation, the
      remaining 15 had stridor on admission and underwent emergency operations. The
      series consists of 19 females and five males whose ages ranged from 37 to 89
      years. Only four patients had malignant thyroid lesions (two papillary
      follicular, two anaplastic), and two of these had multiple pulmonary metastases.
      Fifteen of the patients with multinodular goiters had a mediastinal extension
      that led to marked tracheal deviation. Three patients had recurrent multinodular
      goiters decades after previous surgery. Twenty-one patients underwent surgery at
      our institution, and all did well. Only one patient required sternotomy for
      thyroidectomy. Two patients required tracheostomy procedures, one because of
      tracheomalacia and the other because of poor pulmonary reserve. Interestingly,
      two patients had acute symptoms when in their third trimester of pregnancy. We
      have routinely used the laryngoscope (fiberoptic rigid or flexible) for
      preoperative and postoperative evaluation of the vocal cords and for
      determination of the condition of the larynx. On the basis of our experience with
      acute airway distress, we strongly advocate elective surgery for patients with
      multinodular goiter at the first sign of tracheal compression, especially if they
      have mediastinal extension.

PMID- 3686347
TI  - Aggressive thyroid cancer in low-risk age population.
AB  - Seventy-eight patients under the age of 40 (low-risk patients) who had undergone
      surgical treatment for well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma were referred from
      1979 to 1986 to our hospital for adjuvant therapy. A subgroup of 37 patients, 14
      with apparent aggressive cancer, was studied. This study group consisted of 27
      female and 10 male patients with mixed papillary and follicular cancer, who
      ranged in age from 11 to 40 years. Nodal disease occurred in 27 (73%) patients
      and invasiveness in 30 (81%) patients and involved multiple areas in 9 (24%)
      patients. Recurrence occurred in 14 (38%) patients and visceral metastases
      occurred in eight (22%) patients. All patients underwent appropriate surgery, but
      microscopic residual disease was seen in 15 patients and gross residual disease
      in seven patients, so that 31 patients underwent iodine-131 therapy, and 17 of
      these patients also underwent external radiation therapy. Three patients died of
      their disease, whereas 24 (65%) patients are free of disease and 9 (24%) patients
      are alive with disease. An additional 7 (19%) patients were initially seen in the
      fifth to seventh decade after decades of neglected thyroid disease, which
      culminated in residual cancer and death. Although low-risk categorization for
      thyroid cancer appears valid, its rigid application in support of conservative
      treatment may lead to inadequate primary treatment and underdiagnosis of cancer
      in thyroid nodule disease in the low-risk age population.

PMID- 3686348
TI  - Ipsilateral lobectomy versus bilateral lobar resection in papillary thyroid
      carcinoma: a retrospective analysis of surgical outcome using a novel prognostic
      scoring system.
AB  - From a multivariate analysis of more than 14,200 patient-years' experience with
      papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), we devised a prognostic scoring system based
      on patient age, tumor grade, extent, and size (AGES). This scoring system can
      identify patients at increased risk of PTC mortality and was employed as an
      adjustment variable for analyzing the role of different types of surgical
      treatment in 860 PTC patients. Cancer mortality at 25 years in patients with an
      AGES score of 3.99 or less was 1% after ipsilateral lobectomy (n = 131) and 2%
      after bilateral resection (n = 603), whether subtotal or total (p = 0.15). Of
      patients with an AGES score of 4 or more, those who underwent lobectomy alone (n
      = 30) had a mortality rate from PTC at 25 years of 65%, while those undergoing
      bilateral resection (n = 86) had a lower rate of 35% (p = 0.06). For patients at
      minimal risk (score of 3.99 or less) of PTC death, no improvement in survival was
      demonstrable when patients underwent more than ipsilateral lobectomy. However, in
      a subgroup (score of 4 or more) identified to be at significant risk of PTC
      death, the survival after bilateral resection was much higher than after
      ipsilateral lobectomy alone. In neither the "minimal" nor the "higher" risk
      subgroup was PTC survival significantly improved by the performance of total
      thyroidectomy.

PMID- 3686349
TI  - Percutaneous tetracycline instillation for sclerosis of recurrent thyroid cysts.
AB  - Of 770 hypofunctioning thyroid nodules subjected to needle biopsy since 1977, the
      fluid of 172 cysts (22%) was aspirated. The fluid, cytologically examined, showed
      no evidence of carcinoma except in three instances: papillary carcinomas that
      were subsequently treated surgically. Of the cystic lesions, 19 (11%) recurred
      and were treated by reaspiration and the instillation of tetracycline
      hydrochloride into the cyst cavity. In all but one instance this resulted in
      obliteration of the cysts (95%). This is a considerably higher rate of success
      than that reported from aspiration alone (40% to 85%). The follow-up period
      ranged from 1 to 42 months, with no recurrence or subsequent development of a
      thyroid nodule in these patients. The one recurrent cyst was reaspirated and
      reinstilled a second time, which resulted in great reduction in size. Not
      considered for this procedure were patients in whom the cytologic condition of
      the fluid was abnormal or indicative of a malignancy. Also excluded were those in
      whom there was incomplete decompression of the cyst, manifested by a persistent
      nodule. No patients had a history of head or neck irradiation or cervical
      lymphadenopathy, both contraindications for this procedure. No patients had
      grossly bloody aspirates. Recurrence of thyroid cysts after aspiration was not
      thought to be, in itself, a criterion for surgical selection. The effective use
      of tetracycline hydrochloride as a sclerosing agent in the treatment of malignant
      pleural effusions is well documented. Its action in producing symphysis is
      thought to be related to its low pH (2.0). This procedure is safe, simple, cost
      effective, and well tolerated by patients. It obviates the need for excision in
      patients who fulfill the aforementioned criteria.

PMID- 3686350
TI  - Autonomously functioning thyroid nodules in childhood and adolescence.
AB  - Autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTNs) in children and adolescents
      (under age 18) are unusual but are not as rare as earlier reports suggested.
      These lesions have a significantly different biologic potential than similar
      lesions in older patients. In the younger age group there is a more rapid
      progression toward toxicity and a higher incidence of thyroid carcinoma. Our
      experience with 12 patients is combined with those previously reported for
      identification of a total of 61 children and adolescents with AFTNs, of whom 53
      have undergone operation. Hyperthyroidism was present in 15 patients (24.6%), and
      in six patients (11.3%) the AFTN was due to a well-differentiated thyroid
      carcinoma. Surgical treatment is advisable for all children and adolescents with
      AFTNs because of the risks of hyperthyroidism and thyroid carcinoma. Surgical
      excision (lobectomy is preferred) results in rapid restoration of a euthyroid
      state for the toxic AFTN and allows histopathologic diagnosis. Therapy with
      radioiodine is not advisable for treatment of AFTNs in this age group. Thyroid
      stimulating hormone suppression should be used for all patients with a diagnosis
      of thyroid carcinoma.

PMID- 3686351
TI  - Eighth annual meeting of the American Association of Endocrine Surgeons. Chicago,
      Ill., March 30-31, 1987. Proceedings.

PMID- 3686352
TI  - Parathyroid metabolism after operative treatment of hypercalcemic (primary)
      hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - Parathyroidectomy is usually followed by a decrease in serum calcium, a lessening
      of symptoms, and a normocalcemic state that continues for years. Evaluation of
      parathyroid gland function after parathyroidectomy over a protracted period
      showed a continued hypersecretory state in many normocalcemic patients and is
      reported here for the first time. Patients identified with parathyroid
      hyperplasia (more than one gland excised) and patients who later developed mild
      renal failure were excluded. Seventy-seven patients undergoing parathyroidectomy
      with only one enlarged gland removed and the other normal-sized glands viewed or
      examined by biopsy were followed up from 5 to 16 years. Two patients developed
      recurrent hypercalcemia at 4 and 9 years after surgery. Seventy-five patients are
      considered "cured" and have normal serum calcium values. However, 28 (37%) of
      these normocalcemic patients have persistent elevations of parathyroid hormone.
      This increased parathyroid gland function suggests a continuing stimulation of
      the remaining glands. The rarity of clinical recurrence may be related to
      effective adaptations that prevent overt hypercalcemia. Many parathyroid adenomas
      appear to represent nonneoplastic disease.

PMID- 3686354
TI  - The effect of parathyroidectomy on the recurrence of nephrolithiasis.
AB  - Little information is available on the long-term influence of parathyroidectomy
      on the rate of renal stone formation in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism
      (pHPT) and nephrolithiasis. The reported occurrence of renal stone disease in
      untreated patients with pHPT is 15% to 30%. A registry of 258 pHPT patients who
      underwent parathyroidectomies at the Milwaukee Regional Medical Center has
      allowed continued follow-up of the 71 (28%) pHPT patients with associated renal
      stone disease. Patients have been followed up for an average of 5 years (range, 1
      to 15 years) since surgery. The rate of renal stone formation before and after
      parathyroidectomy was compared. Identification of a "new" renal stone was defined
      as passage and collection, extraction, or radiographic visualization of stones.
      All 71 pHPT patients with stone disease had hypercalcemia and inappropriately
      elevated parathyroid hormone concentrations, and after parathyroidectomy these
      values returned to normal in 69 of 71 patients. Since undergoing
      parathyroidectomy, only 4 patients have passed renal stones. The rate of stone
      formation per patient per year was 0.36 before and 0.02 after surgery (p less
      than 0.001). Surgical correction of pHPT significantly reduced the rate of stone
      formation.

PMID- 3686353
TI  - Successful parathyroidectomy in primary hyperparathyroidism: a clinical follow-up
      study of 212 consecutive patients.
AB  - The long-term clinical courses of 212 "cured" (normocalcemic) patients were
      analyzed for 1 to 25 years (mean, 6.8 +/- 5.4 years). Preoperatively, 181
      patients (85%) were classified as having typical symptoms, 22 patients (11%) as
      having minimal symptoms, and nine patients (4%) as having no symptoms of primary
      hyperparathyroidism (PHP). Although the formation of urinary calculi was stopped
      in 91% of patients, deteriorated renal function and hypertension were seen in
      patients with symptoms (14% and 8%, respectively) and patients with minimal
      symptoms of PHP (6% and 15%, respectively). Renal function changes and
      hypertension were unpredictable despite normalization of the hyperactive
      parathyroid metabolism and had decisive results: 7% of the patients died of
      uremia or of the consequences of hypertension (stroke). Large, multiple bone
      lesions healed functionally and were of no prognostic significance. In the
      majority of patients with symptoms of PHP, gastrointestinal manifestations healed
      postoperatively, but two patients who had no preoperative gastrointestinal
      complaints died of acute pancreatitis. Almost all symptoms of the hypercalcemia
      syndrome disappeared immediately and permanently in patients with symptoms and
      patients with minimal symptoms of PHP. Neither deterioration of renal function
      nor elevation of blood pressure were observed postoperatively in "cured" patients
      who showed no symptoms of PHP preoperatively. Even in these patients, immediate
      surgical treatment may have avoided the complications of chronic renal failure or
      hypertension. As soon as organic manifestations, even in mild form, have been
      established, it seems impossible to predict the course and to prevent an
      unfavorable clinical outcome.

PMID- 3686355
TI  - Studies in patients with hyperparathyroidism using a new two-site
      immunochemiluminometric assay for circulating intact (1-84) parathyroid hormone.
AB  - A recently developed chemiluminescent immunoassay for 1-84 intact parathyroid
      hormone (PTH) demonstrated increased specificity by virtue of two-site antibody
      binding and increased sensitivity by use of a chemiluminescent technique. Basal
      PTH levels were measured in three groups of subjects: (1) normal (n = 82), (2)
      hyperparathyroidism (n = 31), and (3) patients with hypercalcemia of malignancy
      (n = 16). There was good discrimination between normal (1.2 to 9.4 pmol/L) and
      hyperparathyroid subjects (9.2 to 53.4 pmol/L). In persons with hypercalcemia of
      malignancy all PTH levels were within the normal range (0.8 to 5.2 pmol/L) or
      suppressed. PTH release was stimulated by the intramuscular injection of 100 IU
      salmon calcitonin in 6 normal controls, 10 patients with primary
      hyperparathyroidism due to adenoma, and 5 with four-gland hyperplasia. There was
      no significant rise in PTH concentration and out of the normal range in the
      control subjects, but the adenoma patients demonstrated a mean rise of 24.4%,
      26%, and 33%, and hyperplasia patients, a mean rise of 37%, 47%, and 37% over
      basal levels at 120, 180, and 240 minutes. The mean absolute rise in PTH
      concentration was 13.4 +/- 7.7 pmol/gm of parathyroid tissue in the adenomas and
      27.2 +/- 9.5 pmol/gm of parathyroid tissue in the hyperplastic glands; this
      difference was significant (p less than 0.05). Serial blood samples from a
      central vein were taken at surgery for hyperparathyroidism, and the rate of decay
      of the intact hormone was studied in 9 patients after removal of the parathyroid
      tissue. This decay was rapid with a half-life of 300 seconds. We conclude that
      this new specific and sensitive intact PTH assay will provide a valuable means of
      investigating dynamic aspects of parathyroid physiology.

PMID- 3686356
TI  - The effect of phorbol ester on in vitro release of parathyroid hormone from
      abnormal human parathyroid cells.
AB  - Intracellular events that regulate parathyroid hormone (PTH) release are not well
      understood. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cAMP-dependent protein kinases play a role in
      the regulation of release due to several agonists, but these factors do not fully
      explain PTH release that is mediated by extracellular ionized calcium (Ca++). A
      calcium-phospholipid-dependent (non-cAMP-dependent) protein kinase can be
      activated by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). To determine whether
      this protein kinase regulates PTH release, we examined the effect of TPA on PTH
      release from human parathyroid tissue. Cell suspensions of abnormal parathyroid
      tissue removed at surgery were prepared by enzymatic dispersion and incubated for
      several hours with and without 10(-7) mol/L TPA at low and high calcium levels.
      In ten preparations in the absence of TPA, increasing Ca++ from 0.25 to 2.5
      mmol/L reduced PTH release to an average of 39% of maximal release (range, 11% to
      67%). The effect on TPA on Ca++-regulated PTH release appeared biphasic. At low
      (0.25 mmol/L) Ca++ level, TPA suppressed PTH release to an average of 78% of
      maximal release without TPA (95% confidence interval, 67% to 88%) (p less than
      0.01 compared to cells incubated without TPA). At high (2.25 mmol/L) Ca++ level,
      TPA augmented PTH release from an average of 39% of maximal release without TPA
      to 62% of maximal release without TPA (95% confidence level, 48% to 78%), an
      average augmentation of 22% (95% confidence level, 9% to 36%) (p less than 0.01
      compared with cells incubated without TPA). TPA appeared to make PTH release
      independent of Ca++. Both inhibitory and stimulatory effects were dose dependent.
      Incubations with TPA demonstrated no toxicity as judged by trypan blue dye
      exclusion, linearity of PTH release, and cellular incorporation of tritiated
      leucine. TPA had no effect on the radioimmunoassay for PTH. We conclude that a
      calcium/phospholipid-dependent, non-cAMP-dependent protein kinase may play a role
      in mediating Ca++-regulated PTH release from abnormal human parathyroid cells.
      Its site of action and integration with other regulatory pathways remain to be
      determined.

PMID- 3686357
TI  - Lethal hyperparathyroid crisis: hazards of phosphate administration.
AB  - Two patients with hypercalcemia crisis and parathyroid adenoma died as a result
      of pulmonary insufficiency. The administration of phosphate is believed to have
      contributed to the deaths, since the pulmonary problems appeared when the blood
      [Ca] X [PO4] product rose and extensive metastatic calcification was present in
      the pulmonary alveolar lining. The use of phosphates as calcium-lowering agents
      in hypercalcemia is discouraged, because phosphate appears to lower calcium
      levels only by intravascular precipitation.

PMID- 3686358
TI  - The management of 50 unusual hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands.
AB  - From 1926 to 1984, 1200 patients with hyperparathyroidism were treated surgically
      at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH). This series included 50 (4%) unusual
      cases that involved anomalous parathyroid locations or supernumerary
      hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands. In 42 cases the diseased glands were found
      in unusual locations: In three patients, glands were high in the neck behind the
      angle of the jaw; nine patients' glands were entirely encapsulated within the
      thyroid gland; and 30 patients required sternotomy for removal of mediastinal
      tumors. The eight remaining patients (as well as five of the mediastinal cases)
      had supernumerary hyperfunctioning glands. The three undescended parapharyngeal
      neoplasms, five of the cervical supernumerary tumors, and the majority of the
      mediastinal glands were associated with the thymus gland or thymic remnants.
      These glands appeared to arise from undescended parapharyngeal vestiges,
      partially descended parathymus remnants deposited along the path of developmental
      migration, or hyperdescended mediastinal inferior glands from branchial pouch
      III. The nine intrathyroid parathyroids were totally enclosed within the thyroid
      parenchyma. These appeared to arise from superior parathyroid glands that were
      trapped during fusion of the lateral wing portion from branchial pouch IV with
      the developing lateral lobes of the median thyroid primordium. Of these fifty
      cases, 39 patients had undergone a total of 60 previous operations (57 cervical
      and three mediastinal explorations) at MGH (16 patients) or other institutions
      (23 patients). In eleven patients the unusual hyperfunctioning gland was
      successfully identified at the time of the initial operation. Forty-four patients
      (88%) were surgically cured, as evidenced by eucalcemia. There were six patients
      with permanent hypoparathyroidism and none with persistent or recurrent
      hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 3686359
TI  - The superior laryngeal nerve in thyroid surgery.
AB  - Injury to the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (ESLN) during
      thyroid surgery can have serious consequences. A strategy for perioperative
      identification and preservation of the ESLN was clinically evaluated after
      postmortem anatomic observations. These showed that 20% of ESLNs run distally
      through the pharyngeal constrictor muscle, which necessitates intramuscular
      dissection for identification in the area around the superior thyroid pole. In
      23% of the ESLNs identifiable without intramuscular dissection (18% of the
      total), a course partly lateral to the superior thyroid artery and its branches
      implied definite risk of injury during division of the superior pole vessels. In
      the clinical series, 72% of the ESLNs were identifiable without intramuscular
      dissection, and 19% of these (14% of the total) were partly lateral to the
      superior thyroid artery. Only one patient had signs of ESLN injury
      postoperatively, probably caused by diathermy to an adjacent vessel.
      Perioperative identification of ESLN with dissection into the pharyngeal
      constrictor muscle (about 20% of cases) appears to be inadvisable, but
      identification of ESLN with other courses is important, as around 20% are highly
      vulnerable during division of the superior thyroid artery and its branches.

PMID- 3686360
TI  - [A question of resources. Rehabilitation in nursing homes].

PMID- 3686361
TI  - ["Impossible children". Hyperactivity--the hidden handicap].

PMID- 3686362
TI  - [AKAN (Labor Committee for Alcoholism and Drug Abuse) in the North Sea].

PMID- 3686363
TI  - [You can when you want to].

PMID- 3686364
TI  - [No shortcuts for qualified nursing].

PMID- 3686365
TI  - [AIDS is no prairie fire. Interview by Gunnar Bolstad].

PMID- 3686366
TI  - [New behavior regulations. HIV infection and risk of infection for health
      personnel].

PMID- 3686368
TI  - [Nurses get 45,000 more in wages].

PMID- 3686367
TI  - [AIDS/HIV and psychiatric nursing].

PMID- 3686370
TI  - [Election promises--health policy].

PMID- 3686369
TI  - [Employers' sore point: meal intervals and shorter work time].

PMID- 3686371
TI  - [Project in Tromso: personnel analysis--use of the Rush-IMBA (Instrument and
      Method for Personnel Analysis)].

PMID- 3686372
TI  - [Documentation and reality. Can quality in nursing be measured?].

PMID- 3686373
TI  - [Pain group in Uppsala: chronic pain in a ruthless enemy].

PMID- 3686374
TI  - [Poor developing country threatened. Haitian nurses and physicians in a battle
      against AIDS. Interview by Mats Ulbult].

PMID- 3686375
TI  - [Status: HIV positive. From person, to virus, to...].

PMID- 3686377
TI  - [Recruiting for Finnmark].

PMID- 3686376
TI  - [Negotiation leader Johan Hogstad, NKS: we realize that salary is a remedy
      but.... Interview by Kjell Arne Bakke].

PMID- 3686378
TI  - [What's the use! Nurse administrator knocks on wood. Interview by Odd G.
      Nordengen].

PMID- 3686379
TI  - [Is the prognosis correct? Need for health visitors and nursing homes?].

PMID- 3686380
TI  - [Noro psychiatric nursing home--chance provided treatment success].

PMID- 3686381
TI  - [When psychiatric patients are discharged. Group housing--more than an
      alternative].

PMID- 3686382
TI  - [Dr. Miguel Carballo, WHO: the international fight against AIDS is on the move!.
      Interview by Gunnar Bolstad].

PMID- 3686383
TI  - [National budget for 1988--conditions for growth not included].

PMID- 3686384
TI  - [Hedmark at the head of developments].

PMID- 3686385
TI  - [Will it be free? Guidance for students].

PMID- 3686386
TI  - [Focus on operating room nursing].

PMID- 3686387
TI  - [Invitation to a discussion: medical technological equipment and nurses'
      responsibility].

PMID- 3686388
TI  - [Deaconess Institute, Copenhagen: from somatic hospital to rehabilitation
      center].

PMID- 3686389
TI  - [Year's end. You should be ready to go forward and create new things. Interview
      by Mette-Marie Davidsen].

PMID- 3686390
TI  - [New agreement can entice more to Greenland].

PMID- 3686391
TI  - [Drug information. EfterStikk spray acts causally on poisons in the skin].

PMID- 3686392
TI  - [AIDS. Important to keep a cool head and a warm heart].

PMID- 3686393
TI  - [In Odense we think that planning function is outdated].

PMID- 3686394
TI  - [Children's health. 30. Fewer births but still possible to get advice for a
      couple of children].

PMID- 3686395
TI  - [Important trial in coordination of hospital with the primary sector].

PMID- 3686396
TI  - [Necessity of higher education within nursing].

PMID- 3686397
TI  - [Health visiting. Menstruation still surrounded by biased and poor information].

PMID- 3686398
TI  - [Senior association. Both elderly and younger-elderly are born members].

PMID- 3686399
TI  - [Great respect for the effort of students' contribution].

PMID- 3686400
TI  - [Children's health. 31. Ever more children and youth are placed outside of the
      home].

PMID- 3686402
TI  - [Deaconess Institute's nursing school turns the key in October].

PMID- 3686401
TI  - [Medical museum as an expression for models of defective equipment].

PMID- 3686403
TI  - [Many can get work as nurses in general medical practice].

PMID- 3686404
TI  - [Theory and knowledge should be presented in comprehensible Danish].

PMID- 3686405
TI  - [Children's health. 32. Important to extend vigorous effort for the sake of young
      infants' ill health].

PMID- 3686406
TI  - [Activities in developing countries. How many calories do termites and flies
      have?].

PMID- 3686407
TI  - [Where do needles and hazardous object from the private sector end up?. Interview
      by Mette-Marie Davidsen].

PMID- 3686408
TI  - [Psychiatry. It's the most vulnerable who are sacrificed].

PMID- 3686410
TI  - [Leaders' dilemma: effectiveness or humaneness].

PMID- 3686409
TI  - [Alternative treatment. Wholeness behind your health. 6. Life's energy put into
      focus with acupuncture, zone therapy and healing].

PMID- 3686411
TI  - [Children's health. 33. Family therapy with children as valuable and active
      participants].

PMID- 3686412
TI  - [Working environment. Symptoms of mental stress often considered as a personal
      defeat].

PMID- 3686413
TI  - [AIDS. Government ready with 2-year plan against HIV infection].

PMID- 3686414
TI  - [Thorough discussion of legislative proposal is necessary].

PMID- 3686415
TI  - [In roentgen department nurses have to work at problem solving].

PMID- 3686416
TI  - [Children's health. 34. The play opportunities we provide for children are often
      totally inadequate].

PMID- 3686417
TI  - [Can we be familiar with the treatment of our elderly?].

PMID- 3686419
TI  - [Children's health. 35. A research project on children, society and developments
      in Scandinavia].

PMID- 3686418
TI  - [How far are we with the management of technological information?].

PMID- 3686420
TI  - [County Council's hands are tied to a hitherto unseen degree].

PMID- 3686421
TI  - [Education. Future workshops can be key word in nursing development].

PMID- 3686422
TI  - [Food. Successful involvement of department in a new nursing care system].

PMID- 3686423
TI  - [Nursing. Self administration of own drugs is a success].

PMID- 3686424
TI  - [A dilemma for nurses: ambiguous loyalty].

PMID- 3686425
TI  - [Health visitors can also open their case records].

PMID- 3686427
TI  - [The French model].

PMID- 3686426
TI  - [Children's health. 36. A child's suicide attempt should never be taken as a
      'prank'].

PMID- 3686428
TI  - [Decisions which concern many others than nurses].

PMID- 3686429
TI  - [SAMU of Lyon].

PMID- 3686430
TI  - [Important now to have a vision for a new and better education].

PMID- 3686431
TI  - [Documentary film: new technology also creates new fears. Interview by Lars Peter
      Bergqvist].

PMID- 3686432
TI  - [Prednisolone sensitivity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with
      systemic lupus erythematosus clinically resistant to glucocorticoids and the
      effects of carbon hemoperfusion].
AB  - A study was made of the sensitivity to prednisolone (PS) of peripheral blood
      mononuclear cells (MS) of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with
      renal lesion showing resistance to glucocorticoids (GC). It was shown that in
      most of the patients (60%) MC were poorly inhibited by PS whereas the rest of the
      patients (40%) demonstrated in vitro sensitivity compared to that of the donors
      and even higher in some cases. Thus, the group of SLE patients showing clinical
      resistance to GC action was inhomogeneous in sensitivity of their MC to PS; only
      some patients showed resistance associated with the properties of the MC system.
      Hemocarboperfusion was shown to produce a considerable effect on MC sensitivity
      to PS: higher sensitivity was noted in all the cases, it was particularly
      noticeable in the group of patients with low basal sensitivity to PS. An analysis
      of the data obtained led to a conclusion that hemocarboperfusion raised MC
      sensitivity to PS. This mechanism was shown to determine the efficacy of the
      method of therapy of resistance to GC.

PMID- 3686433
TI  - [Endocrine system of the kidneys and nephrogenic hypertension].

PMID- 3686435
TI  - [Is there a way out of the present impasse in the pathogenetic therapy of
      nephritis?].

PMID- 3686434
TI  - [Age-related changes of the systolic and diastolic function of the left ventricle
      under the action of a beta adrenergic blocker, anaprilin].
AB  - Echocardiography was used to study pharmacodynamics of propranolol, a beta
      adrenergic blocker, in healthy young, middle-aged and old persons. The expression
      and duration of a negative effect of propranolol on left ventricular
      contractility and pump function were shown to increase with age. Propranolol
      administration resulted in the deterioration of relaxation and change in phase
      diastolic structure causing a decrease in the contribution of rapid filling and
      an increase in the contribution of slow filling to left ventricular filling. A
      degree of shifts grows with age. A decrease in oxygen consumption by the
      myocardium after 40 mg of propranolol in middle-aged and old persons was
      accompanied by considerable suppression of contractility and end-systolic volume
      indicating inappropriateness of a subsequent increase in a single drug dose.

PMID- 3686436
TI  - [Acute renal insufficiency in middle-aged and aged patients].
AB  - An analysis of a course of acute renal insufficiency (ARI) in middle-aged and old
      patients (aged over 60) is based on a follow-up of 123 patients. Attention is
      drawn to multifactorial development of ARI in middle-aged persons, to
      disturbances of water-electrolyte balance and the blood coagulation system.
      Various aspects of therapeutic tactics for middle-aged ARI patients are
      considered.

PMID- 3686437
TI  - [Treatment of acute glomerulonephritis in middle-aged patients].
AB  - The authors present their own experience in the management of 7 patients with
      acute glomerulonephritis aged over 60. The efficacy of combined therapy including
      heparin, disaggregants, plasmapheresis of small doses of prednisolone. They also
      emphasize a possibility of acute disease changing into chronic one. Peculiarities
      of the management of glomerulonephritis in combination with numerous concomitant
      diseases are described.

PMID- 3686438
TI  - [Drug-induced lesions of the kidneys].

PMID- 3686439
TI  - [A case of Bartter's syndrome].

PMID- 3686440
TI  - [A case of temporal arteritis].

PMID- 3686441
TI  - [Kidney as one of the target organs in hypertensive disease].

PMID- 3686442
TI  - [Indications and effectiveness of combined therapy in chronic
      glomerulonephritis].

PMID- 3686443
TI  - [Clinico-laboratory pattern and effectiveness of glucocorticoid therapy of
      patients with primary diffuse mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis].
AB  - The paper is concerned with clinico-laboratory correlations and assessment of
      short- and long-term results of glucocorticoid therapy (GCT) in 137 patients with
      diffuse mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (DMPGN). It may have different
      clinical variants and is characterized by a relatively favorable course in the
      first 10 yrs. A good clinical effect of GCT was observed only in some patients
      with the nephrotic variant of DMPGN in the absence or presence of insignificant
      fibroplastic changes, and in the absence or presence of the moderate
      tubulointerstitial component. In patients with a latent variant of DMPGN GCT made
      no considerable effect on the clinical symptoms of disease. The 15-year survival
      in patients on GCT was slightly higher (insignificant statistical difference)
      than that in patients receiving symptomatic treatment only.

PMID- 3686444
TI  - [Differentiated pathogenetic therapy of glomerulonephritis].

PMID- 3686445
TI  - [Clinico-morphological features and the course of glomerulonephritis in
      hemorrhagic vasculitis].
AB  - Peculiarities of a clinical course and prognosis of glomerulonephritis in
      Schonlein-Henoch disease (SH-nephritis) were studied in 42 adult patients. The 5-
      and 10-year survival rates were 87% and 72%, respectively. Of unfavorable
      prognostic value were proteinuria over 1 g/l, nephrotic syndrome, particularly
      combined with hypertension, marked stable microhematuria, and the detection of
      diffuse fibroplastic, extracapillary, and mesangiocapillary nephritis on biopsy.
      SH-nephritis was characterized by a more severe course in male patients, in
      persons aged over 30, and in the involvement of the kidneys one year and more
      after the appearance of the first clinical signs of skin vasculitis. The level of
      blood serum IgA and the gravity of skin vasculitis had no prognostic importance.

PMID- 3686446
TI  - [Several homeostatic renal functions in hypertensive and nephrotic syndromes of
      chronic functionally compensated glomerulonephritis].
AB  - Homeostatic renal functions in nephrotic syndrome (NS) and arterial hypertension
      were studied the data on 240 patients with functionally compensated chronic
      glomerulonephritis (CGN). Benign arterial hypertension did not make a
      considerable effect on renal functions. In NS there was a selective decrease in
      the functions, particularly affected in the tubulointerstitial component (TIC) of
      CGN (concentration and ammonium secretory functions). These functions were
      affected to the maximum in proteinuria over 9.0 g/day. The NS adverse effect on
      renal transport processes was not dependent on the TIC presence. In CGN
      accompanied by moderate proteinuria, even a moderate decrease in renal
      concentration function or a considerable decrease in ammonium secretory function
      suggested the TIC presence. Against a background of the NS the presence of CGN
      TIC could be supposed only in the detection of maximum urine osmolarity not
      exceeding 600 mmol/l.

PMID- 3686447
TI  - [Repeated intravital morphological studies of the kidneys in patients with
      glomerulonephritis].
AB  - A clinicomorphological study was conducted over time in 62 patients with
      different morphological types of glomerulonephritis. An increase in vascular,
      interstitial and sclerotic changes was noted morphologically in most patients,
      the worst dynamics was observed in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis.
      Disease progression was associated with 2 processes; sclerosis of all elements of
      the renal tissue or active inflammation.

PMID- 3686448
TI  - [Comparative aspects of the course of periodic disease without and with
      amyloidosis (analysis of 437 case studies)].
AB  - The paper is concerned with an analysis of a course of periodic disease (PD)
      without and with amyloidosis using also a method of the determination of survival
      rates in 437 patients followed up for 20 yrs. A course of PD without amyloidosis
      was benign and did not affect the patients' survival. In the development of
      amyloidosis the prognosis was unfavorable and determined by a degree of
      generalization of amyloidosis.

PMID- 3686449
TI  - [Molecular genetic mechanisms of the pathogenesis of gout and gouty nephropathy].

PMID- 3686450
TI  - [Chronic active hepatitis and pregnancy].
AB  - In the course of chronic active hepatitis (CAH) 61 patients (CAH of virus
      etiology in 75% and of obscure etiology in 25%) had 211 pregnancies which
      terminated in delivery in 80 (38%) cases, spontaneous abortions in 12 (6%) cases,
      and medical abortions in 119 (56%) cases. In most cases there was successful
      termination of pregnancies without deterioration resulting from liver disease
      including patients treated adequately with immunosuppressive drugs. CAH
      exacerbations associated with pregnancies and their outcomes were noted in 23
      (38%) cases. They were more frequent and more severe in patients with liver
      cirrhosis (LC) unrecognized by the time of pregnancy. There were no mothers'
      deaths. CAH made a negative effect on the course and outcomes of pregnancies: the
      frequency of premature delivery was 9%, that of cesarean-5%, perinatal mortality
      75%. Of 74 infants born alive 2 died within the first months after birth as a
      result of congenital liver cirrhosis, a double kidney was detected in one infant,
      the rest of the infants were healthy. Problems of therapeutic tactics in CAH
      patients after onset of pregnancy are discussed.

PMID- 3686451
TI  - [Criteria for the assessment of adequacy of hemodialytic therapy].

PMID- 3686453
TI  - A new nursing role: transplant coordinator.

PMID- 3686452
TI  - [Iron reserves in patients with chronic renal insufficiency].
AB  - Hemorrhage values and the amount of iron entering the body with drugs and blood
      transfusions were determined in 107 patients with the terminal CRF stage. Of them
      59 received regular hemodialyses. The level of serum iron and ferritin as well as
      iron reserves in the body were investigated at the start and end of the study. In
      the end a histochemical study of the content of hemosiderin in the bone marrow,
      liver and spleen was performed. A close interrelationship of iron reserves
      determined with a modified desferal test and the level of serum ferritin (r =
      0.94) was established. The highest iron reserves were revealed in the patients
      receiving blood transfusions and parenteral iron drugs. Criteria for the
      assessment of iron reserves in patients with renal failure were determined by
      means of the modified desferal test and investigation of serum ferritin. Normal
      ferritin reserves in such patients corresponded to serum ferritin values within
      the range of 50-400 micrograms/l and indices of the modified desferal test
      ranging from 0.4 to 2.0/0.5 g of desferal. Of a degree of hemosiderosis one could
      judge on the basis of a histochemical investigation of tissue hemosiderin only.
      Iron drugs per os were proposed for the prevention of disorders of iron balance
      in patients with renal failure.

PMID- 3686454
TI  - Asbestos pleural effusion: a clinical entity.
AB  - In a case-control study asbestos exposure in 64 consecutive men with idiopathic
      pleural effusion and 129 randomly sampled age matched male controls was compared.
      Furthermore, seven women and 64 men with idiopathic pleural effusion were
      studied, including a three year re-examination, in an attempt to identify
      characteristics that might distinguish asbestos exposed from non-exposed
      patients. Asbestos exposure was significantly (p less than 0.01) more frequent in
      men with idiopathic effusions than in controls. The idiopathic effusions seen in
      asbestos exposed patients were compatible with the diagnosis "asbestos pleural
      effusion." Two features were characteristic of patients with asbestos pleural
      effusion: a chest radiograph at the initial examination showing converging
      pleural linear structures or rounded atelectasis or a history of recurrent
      pleural effusion, or both.

PMID- 3686455
TI  - Use of bronchoalveolar lavage in the evaluation of methotrexate lung disease.
AB  - The results of bronchoalveolar lavage in three patients with a presumptive
      diagnosis of methotrexate induced lung disease are presented. Lavage fluid was
      characterised by the presence of large numbers of lymphocytes, which in two
      patients were predominantly lymphocytes of the T8 phenotype. These findings
      further support the hypothesis that immune mediated mechanisms may play a part in
      the pathogenesis of this disorder in some patients, and indicate that
      bronchoalveolar lavage may be helpful in the evaluation of patients suspected of
      having methotrexate induced lung disease.

PMID- 3686456
TI  - Laser treatment for tracheobronchial tumours: local or general anaesthesia?
AB  - Ninety seven patients with tracheobronchial tumours have been treated with the
      neodymium yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Nd YAG) laser over a period of 33 months.
      Fifty one of these patients were treated under local anaesthesia and 46 under
      general anaesthesia. The results obtained with the two methods have been compared
      retrospectively. The numbers of patients responding to treatment, the magnitude
      of the response, and the duration of palliation were similar in the two groups;
      significantly more treatment sessions, however, were required during each course
      of treatment under local anaesthesia. This advantage of general anaesthesia was
      thought to arise from the ability to continue treatment for longer and with
      greater efficiency. The use of the rigid bronchoscope with jet ventilation under
      general anaesthesia was also thought to provide better control of the airway and
      to allow more efficient clearance of blood and mucus. Two operative deaths
      occurred under local anaesthesia, when bleeding led to asphyxiation, but none
      have occurred under general anaesthesia. Treatment under general anaesthesia is
      not, however, without risk and is potentially hazardous in patients with severe
      chronic hypoxic lung disease.

PMID- 3686457
TI  - Low serum testosterone as an indicator of metastatic bronchial carcinoma.
AB  - Serum testosterone concentrations were measured preoperatively in 39 men
      undergoing thoracotomy for histologically proved bronchial carcinoma, in 10
      patients with pulmonary opacities that transpired to be non-malignant (benign
      group) and in 23 men were undergoing minor elective surgical procedures (control
      group). Thirteen of the 39 patients with known bronchial carcinoma were
      considered to have had curative surgery and 26 a palliative procedure when
      operative and pathological findings were taken into consideration. Low serum
      testosterone concentrations (less than 12 nmol/l) were detected in four patients
      in the curative group, in 22 in the palliative group (chi 2 test: p less than
      0.001), three in the benign group, and in two patients in the control group. A
      low serum testosterone concentration in patients with bronchial carcinoma may be
      an indicator of metastatic disease and sequential serum testosterone estimations
      may prove useful in the follow up of patients thought to have undergone curative
      surgery.

PMID- 3686458
TI  - Use of anti-asthma drugs in New Zealand.
AB  - Increased sales of anti-asthma drugs, and a second "epidemic" of asthma
      mortality, raised concerns about the management of asthma in New Zealand. To
      study this, prescriptions were obtained from randomly selected pharmacies to
      identify 235 patients receiving one common anti-asthma drug, 175 of whom were
      willing to be interviewed. The authors considered that 80% had asthma, and only
      20% suffered primarily from chronic bronchitis or emphysema. The increased sales
      of anti-asthma drugs could not therefore be explained by their increasing use in
      treatment of other respiratory disorders. One third of the identified asthmatic
      subjects experienced daily symptoms despite regular drug treatment. Inhaled
      corticosteroids were used by only 42% of this group with persistent symptoms.
      Regular or short course oral corticosteroids, with or without inhaled steroids,
      had been required by 49%. All patients with domiciliary nebulisers appeared to
      use these appropriately, and most had peak expiratory flow meters. Despite the
      increased sales of anti-asthma drugs, corticosteroids appear to be as much
      underused in patients with chronic asthma in the community as in those who die of
      their disease.

PMID- 3686459
TI  - Effect of OKY 046, a thromboxane synthase inhibitor, on lung vascular
      permeability after pulmonary embolism in sheep.
AB  - OKY 046, a specific thromboxane synthase inhibitor, was used to investigate
      whether large pulmonary emboli, like microemboli, cause an increase in
      thromboxane A2 and an associated increase in vascular permeability in sheep.
      Nineteen sheep were anaesthetised and had cannulas inserted into the afferent
      lymphatic of the caudal mediastinal lymph node and pulmonary and carotid
      arteries. Several days later the animals were pretreated with placebo or OKY 046
      0.4 mg/kg one hour before being given clotted blood 0.5 g/kg intravenously. After
      embolisation in the control animals mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) rose
      from 12 to 34 mm Hg and pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) fell from 4.4 to
      1.5 mm Hg; the cardiac index did not change but the physiological shunt (QS/QT)
      rose from 17% to 50%. One hour after embolisation the platelet count fell from 76
      to 32 x 10(6)/l whereas at 15 minutes thromboxane B2 rose from 116 to 560 pg/ml
      in plasma and from 324 to 795 pg/ml in lymph (p less than 0.05). By 2 hours the
      concentration of thromboxane B2 was higher in lymph than in plasma. Lymph flow
      rose from 8.7 to a maximum of 27.3 ml/h at 15 minutes but despite the increase in
      flow the lymph:plasma (L:P) protein ratio did not fall, indicating an increased
      permeability of the blood vessels to protein. Pretreatment with OKY 046 inhibited
      the rise in plasma and lymph thromboxane B2, and limited the rise of QS/QT. The
      changes in MPAP, PAWP, cardiac index, platelet count, lymph flow, and L:P protein
      ratio, however, were no different from those in untreated sheep. These results
      indicate that a large pulmonary embolus leads to an increase in plasma and lung
      lymph thromboxane A2, which moderates the rise in QS/QT in part but not the
      increase in vascular permeability.

PMID- 3686460
TI  - Evaluation of the turbine pocket spirometer.
AB  - A compact electronic spirometer, the turbine pocket spirometer, which measures
      the FEV1, forced vital capacity (FVC), and peak expiratory flow (PEF) in a single
      expiration, was compared with the Vitalograph and the Wright peak flow meter in
      99 subjects (FEV1 range 0.40-5.50 litres; FVC 0.58-6.48 l; PEF 40-650 l min-1).
      The mean differences between the machines were small--0.05 l for FEV1, 0.05 l for
      FVC, and 11.6 l min-1 for PEF, with the limits of agreement at +/- 0.25 l, +/-
      0.48 l, and +/- 52.2 l min-1 respectively. The wide limits of agreement for the
      PEF comparison were probably because of the difference in the technique of
      blowing: a fast, long blow was used for the pocket spirometer and a short, sharp
      one for the Wright peak flow meter. The FEV1 and FVC showed a proportional bias
      of around 4-5% in favour of the Vitalograph. The repeatability coefficient for
      the pocket spirometer FEV1 was 0.18 l, for FVC 0.22 l, and for PEF 31 l min-1.
      These compared well with the repeatability coefficients of the Vitalograph and
      the Wright peak flow meter, which gave values of 0.18 l, 0.28 l, and 27 l min-1
      respectively. At flow rates of over 600 l min-1 the resistance of the pocket
      spirometer marginally exceeded the American Thoracic Society recommendations. The
      machine is easy to operate and portable, and less expensive than the Vitalograph
      and Wright peak flow meter combined. It can be recommended for general use.

PMID- 3686461
TI  - Arterial oxygen saturation during bronchography via the fibreoptic bronchoscope.

PMID- 3686462
TI  - Association of idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis with IgA monoclonal
      gammopathy.

PMID- 3686463
TI  - Paradoxical response to nebulised salbutamol in wheezy infants.

PMID- 3686464
TI  - Proceedings of the British Thoracic Society, Scottish Thoracic Society and
      Thoracic Society of Australia. The 1987 summer meeting. 1-3 July, Edinburgh.
      Abstracts.

PMID- 3686465
TI  - [Eighth French Drug Surveillance Seminar. Paris, 23-24 October 1986].

PMID- 3686466
TI  - [Recommendations for improving the predictive value of phase I to III data
      concerning the clinical and biological tolerance of a new drug].

PMID- 3686468
TI  - [Activities of a regional drug monitoring center. What to evaluate, how and for
      what purpose].

PMID- 3686467
TI  - [Does a specific withdrawal syndrome from non-dopaminergic antiparkinson agents
      exist?].

PMID- 3686469
TI  - [Assessment of the severity and cost of adverse drug effects recorded at the
      Paris-Fernand Widal Drug Monitoring Center during 2 monthly periods].

PMID- 3686470
TI  - [Mental disorders and non-psychotropic drugs].

PMID- 3686471
TI  - [International drug monitoring].

PMID- 3686472
TI  - [Does hepatitis due to subacute paracetamol toxicity exist? Apropos of 3 possible
      cases].

PMID- 3686473
TI  - [Severe hypernatremic dehydration and Adiaril. A case report].

PMID- 3686474
TI  - [Methodology of a prospective survey of teratogen monitoring conducted by the
      regional drug monitoring center in Nice].

PMID- 3686475
TI  - [Renal insufficiency and drug metabolism].

PMID- 3686476
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of cicletanine hydrochloride in patients with renal
      insufficiency].

PMID- 3686477
TI  - [Increase in the frequency of heparin-induced thrombopenia as a result of
      improved case-finding].

PMID- 3686478
TI  - [Drug interaction implicating miconazole in gel form and fluindione].

PMID- 3686479
TI  - Influence of a calcium dependent protease inhibitor on platelet activation and
      secretion.
AB  - Continuous proteolysis resulting in consumption of major cytoskeletal proteins
      may be essential for platelet activation and aggregation. In this study we
      evaluated the effect of a known protease inhibitor, Leupeptin, on agonist induced
      platelet aggregation and secretion. Platelets exposed to 10 ugs/ml of Leupeptin
      did not aggregate in response to the action of thrombin (0.2 u/ml). However, a
      concentration of Leupeptin as high as 250 ugs/ml did not prevent arachidonate
      induced aggregation and secretion. Leupeptin (100 ugs/ml) effectively blocked
      thrombin (0.2 u/ml) induced elevation of cytosolic calcium, but did not affect
      arachidonate induced elevation of platelet intracellular calcium levels. At a
      concentration of 100 ug/ml, Leupeptin effectively blocked thrombin (0.5 u/ml)
      induced clot formation of platelet poor plasma, suggesting that it can exert its
      effect on thrombin by preventing fibrinogen degradation. Effective Ki for the
      competitive inhibition of thrombin induced hydrolysis of a chromogenic substrate,
      S2238, by Leupeptin was 2.4 uM. Leupeptin inhibition of platelet function was
      reversible by washing platelets free of the polypeptide. Results of our study
      demonstrate that Leupeptin inhibits thrombin induced platelet activation,
      probably by interfering with its proteolytic activity on the platelet surface
      membrane. However, inhibition of platelet surface membrane associated proteases
      did not prevent activation of platelets by other agonists.

PMID- 3686480
TI  - Accumulation and release of acridine derivatives by intact platelets.
AB  - A new approach to the investigation of accumulation of acridine derivatives and
      release by platelets is proposed. At high concentrations of acridine orange (AO)
      inside dense bodies, a two component fluorescence spectrum with maxima at 530 and
      640 nm has been recorded. Computer deconvolution of spectra provided additional
      information on the mechanism of dye accumulation and release. AO release from PAF
      stimulated human platelets was analysed in details. A 10 +/- 2.5-s delay in
      alteration of the shortwave component was observed. Changes in the longwave
      component were not preceded by a lag period. These data suggest a possibility of
      dye redistribution in the cell after stimulation.

PMID- 3686481
TI  - Paired analysis of urinary thromboxane B2 metabolites in humans.
AB  - 11-Dehydro-TxB2 and 2,3-dinor-TxB2 are products of the two major pathways of
      thromboxane metabolism in man. In this study we compared urinary excretion of 2,3
      dinor-TxB2 and 11-dehydro-TxB2 as indices of Tx biosynthesis in vivo. We
      performed three studies to assess i) the relative abundance of these two
      metabolites in the urine of healthy subjects, ii) their cellular origin under
      physiological conditions and iii) their relative formation during platelet
      activation. In healthy normal volunteers urinary 11-dehydro-TxB2 is more abundant
      than 2,3-dinor-TxB2 (792 +/- 119 pg/mg creatinine vs 106 +/- 21 pg/mg
      creatinine). Administration of a dose of aspirin selective for platelet
      cyclooxygenase (20 mg/day for 10 days) caused substantial and comparable
      suppression of both 11-dehydro-TxB2 (mean 82 +/- 4.9%) and 2,3-dinor-TxB2 (mean
      79 +/- 6.9%). recovery of excretion of both metabolites after a nonselective
      aspirin regimen (325 mg BID for 3 days) corresponded to platelet life-span.
      Furthermore, excretion of both metabolites was increased in patients with severe
      atherosclerosis consistent with the known increase in platelet activation in this
      setting. Quantitative analysis of both urinary 11-dehydro-TxB2 and 2,3-dinor-TxB2
      by GC-MS established that, in contrast to previous assumptions, 11-dehydro-TxB2
      is the most abundant urinary metabolite of TxB2. The aspirin study demonstrates
      that platelets are the major source of both metabolites in urine, consistent with
      their increased excretion in severe atherosclerosis. Combined analysis of both
      metabolites will distinguish altered metabolism from increased biosynthesis of
      thromboxane A2.

PMID- 3686482
TI  - Fibrinolysis in ascitic fluid: isolation and characterization of fibrin
      derivatives, their interaction with albumin.
AB  - A method for the preparative isolation of high molecular weight fibrin
      degradation products (XDP) from ascitic fluid of patients with advanced ovarian
      cancer is described. By non-reduced and reduced PAA-Gel electrophoresis we could
      demonstrate that high molecular weight fibrin derivatives exist as E-complexes. A
      similarity of the polypeptide chain composition from in vitro samples and ascitic
      fluid could be shown. Immunoadsorption with anti-albumin followed by
      Westernblotting with anti-fibrinogen-demonstrated the existence of XDP/albumin
      associates in ascitic fluid.

PMID- 3686483
TI  - Interactions of human blood platelets with three circulating plasma fibrinogens
      of different molecular weights.
AB  - The ability of three naturally occurring human fibrinogen species, HMW, LMW and
      LMW', to support ADP-induced platelet aggregation was investigated and compared
      to their ability to bind to gel-filtered platelets. Whereas HMW had intact
      subunit chains, LMW and LMW' had defined lesions in the C-terminal part of one
      (LMW) or both (LMW') of the A alpha-chains. The ADP-induced aggregation of gel
      filtered platelets in the presence of LMW was about 75 per cent of that obtained
      with HMW (0.2 mumol/l of fibrinogen and 10 mumol/l of ADP). A mixture of equal
      amounts of LMW and LMW' showed around 50% decrease in aggregation. Compared to
      these difference in aggregation co-factor function, direct binding to gel
      filtered platelets was less affected by the A alpha-chain degradation. However, a
      difference between LMW, LMW' and HMW binding was significant when the fibrinogens
      labelled with two different isotopes of iodine were present simultaneously. These
      results demonstrate that naturally occurring plasma fibrinogens differ in their
      interactions with platelets. As the HMW/LMW ratio changes during the acute phase,
      this may be of physiological significance.

PMID- 3686484
TI  - In vitro interactions between human breast cancer cells MCF-7 and human blood
      platelets.

PMID- 3686485
TI  - Protein C- and coagulation factor levels during the initial phase of oral
      anticoagulant therapy (low dose regimen) in a patient with heterozygous protein C
      deficiency.

PMID- 3686486
TI  - Spontaneous aggregates of immunoglobulin-G prime the human platelet release
      reaction induced by close cell contact.

PMID- 3686487
TI  - [Explosion injury. Cardiopulmonary changes in extensive soft tissue injury and
      blast lung].

PMID- 3686488
TI  - [Resuscitation outside the hospital performed by paramedics].

PMID- 3686489
TI  - [The cardiovascular project in Oppland County 1982-84. A quasi-experimental
      study].

PMID- 3686490
TI  - [Cardiovascular program in Oppland County and Sogn and Fjordane. A summary of
      ideas and organization].

PMID- 3686491
TI  - [Attitude of the population to mailed health information. Evaluation of a health
      education effort under the cardiovascular project in Sogn and Fjordane].

PMID- 3686492
TI  - [To be in good trim. A campaign for the promotion of physical activity in Sogn
      and Fjordane 1983-84].

PMID- 3686493
TI  - [Aortocaval fistula].

PMID- 3686494
TI  - [Immunological aspects of pre-eclampsia etiology].

PMID- 3686495
TI  - [What kind of psychiatric help should be given to our AIDS patients? What kind of
      hospital wards ought to take care of them?].

PMID- 3686496
TI  - [HIV infection and AIDS].

PMID- 3686498
TI  - [Information management in clinical research].

PMID- 3686497
TI  - [Can readmissions be prevented? 1-year data from a medical ward in Oslo].

PMID- 3686499
TI  - [Post-traumatic cerebral atrophy].

PMID- 3686501
TI  - [Physicians' continuing and postgraduate education 1988].

PMID- 3686500
TI  - [Development of hospital services 1975-84].

PMID- 3686502
TI  - [Becoming pregnant and maintaining pregnancy].
AB  - To begin with, a brief historical review of a number of features of bovine
      fertility is presented in the present paper which is part of the series 'Papers
      of Yesterday and Today'. This is followed by a discussion of the current
      situation. All this is done on the basis of a paper by Stockfleth which appeared
      in 1878. As a result of the eradication of venereal infections and brucellosis,
      becoming pregnant as well as pregnancy run a course associated with less problems
      than it was one hundred years earlier. Errors of herd management are immediately
      reflected in fertility. When animals fail to stay pregnant (abortion), a large
      number of possible causes may be suggested. Infections are among the most
      important of these causes. Finally, attempts are made to look into the future.
      Becoming pregnant will probably run a more difficult course in view of the fact
      that getting the cycles going post-partum in highly productive cows gives rise to
      additional problems. As regards staying pregnant, considerable changes are not
      anticipated.

PMID- 3686503
TI  - [Endocarditis and meat inspection in slaughtering pigs. 1. Clinical, pathological
      and microbiological aspects].
AB  - The clinical, pathomorphological and microbiological findings during meat
      inspection in 599 pigs with endocarditis at slaughter were studied. Clinical
      signs were observed in 41 per cent of the pigs on ante-mortem inspection.
      Lameness was the most common sign. However, this symptom is not very specific of
      endocarditis. This is also true of various other symptoms. Only dyspnoea and
      drowsiness were indicative of endocarditis to some extent, but occurred only
      sporadically. Extracardial lesions were observed in 66 per cent of the pigs with
      endocarditis on post-mortem inspection. Metastatic processes (infarction or
      inflammatory foci) were most frequently detected in the kidneys. These were
      highly specific of endocarditis. In addition, the following changes were observed
      in decreasing incidence: signs of sepsis (hyperplastic splenitis, petechiae and
      degradation of organs), inflammatory lesions of the joints and legs, metastatic
      pneumonia and inflammation of the tail. Bacteriological examination was positive
      in 62 per cent of the cases. Streptococci were the organisms most frequently
      isolated (36 per cent), followed by Corynebacterium pyogenes (19 per cent) and
      Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (14 per cent). The discussion is concerned with the
      significance of these bacteria to meat-consumers.

PMID- 3686504
TI  - [Endocarditis and meat inspection in slaughtering pigs. 2. Various aspects of
      meat inspection].
AB  - The results of meat inspection in 599 slaughtered pigs with endocarditis were
      studied. Of the pigs examined, 65 per cent were condemned. Condemnation was based
      on a positive bacteriological examination (Article 2 of the Meat Inspection
      Regulations) in almost every case. When bacteriological examination was negative,
      the animal was passed unqualified in nearly every case, regardless of the fact
      that symptoms were or were not detected in ante-mortem inspection and whether or
      not signs of sepsis were observed. Subsequently, efforts were made to determine
      the possible effects of omitting incisions into the hearts of pigs in which
      neither clinical nor morbid-anatomical examination suggested the presence of
      endocarditis. It was concluded that endocarditis would have passed unnoticed in
      25 per cent of the pigs examined in this case. Of these pigs, fifty per cent were
      found to be positive on bacteriological examination. Finally, the financial
      consequences of condemning all pigs showing endocarditis were examined. Compared
      with current practice in meat inspection, this would result in an annual loss of
      Dfl. 60,000 in the situation prevailing in the Netherlands. However, if Articles
      13, 17 and 18 of the Meat Inspection Regulations were strictly observed, the
      yield of the pigs passed would not offset the costs of examination.

PMID- 3686505
TI  - [Waiting periods in the New Netherlands Kidney Test].
AB  - The New Netherlands Kidney Test used in monitoring slaughtered animals for
      antimicrobial residues will be legalised in the near future. With regard to this
      new test, minimum pre-slaughter withdrawal periods required to obtain negative
      results of the test are roughly indicated. The problem of establishing reliable
      withdrawal periods is briefly discussed.

PMID- 3686506
TI  - [Pustular skin lesions in dogs].

PMID- 3686507
TI  - [Wound healing and wound irrigation in cesarean section in cattle].

PMID- 3686508
TI  - [Dr. H. Rozemond appointed as special professor--'The man/animal relationship'].

PMID- 3686509
TI  - [Detrimental sequelae of a sodium hydroxide standing foot bath for cattle for the
      control of Italian interdigital dermatitis].
AB  - Eighteen cases of severe damage to digits of cattle are reported. These animals
      had been standing in a footbath containing sodium hydroxide and sodium
      hypochlorite for the treatment of digital dermatitis. The lesions on the digit
      and their healing are discussed in this paper.

PMID- 3686510
TI  - [A simple surgical treatment of balanoposthitis in dogs].

PMID- 3686511
TI  - [Tiamulin: a dangerous drug?].

PMID- 3686513
TI  - [Phototherapy in full-term neonates].
AB  - In view of the indistinctiveness of the use of phototherapy in jaundiced term
      newborn infants a study is reported. The study is a longitudinal one (1966-1984).
      The number of infants is given in the time period before the use of phototherapy,
      during phototherapy as well as during the period of less frequent use of
      phototherapy. It appears that the use of phototherapy did not influence the
      number of exchanged infants. It is concluded that in the term newborn infants
      phototherapy is frequently used unnecessary.

PMID- 3686512
TI  - [Alopecia areata in children].
AB  - Alopecia areata is a hair disease of unknown origin characterized by the sudden
      appearance of one or more bald patches. This disorder may develop in adults as
      well as in children. In childhood there is often an association with atopy. Most
      investigators feel that alopecia areata is an auto-immune phenomenon with
      heterogeneous aetiology. This article deals with hypotheses for the development
      of alopecia areata stressing also the psychosomatic aspects. Different therapy
      modalities have been propagated in alopecia areata, though complete satisfactory
      effects have been achieved by none. In childhood application of dithranol and
      locally applied corticosteroids are the only suitable therapeutic possibilities.
      Insufficient insight into the pathogenesis and associations of this disorder in
      childhood warrants further investigations.

PMID- 3686514
TI  - [Renal tubular function in preterm neonates].
AB  - Renal tubular function and functional changes in the preterm neonate are
      discussed. The proximal tubule has a limited capacity in preserving sodium,
      leading to a daily sodium need from 3 to 5 mEq/kg/day. The reabsorption of
      glucose, phosphate and amino acids is also low compared to older children but
      increases quickly for glucose and phosphate. At the level of the distal tubule, a
      temporary insensibility for aldosterone leads to a lowered sodium-potassium
      exchange. A limitation in acid excretion is present. Concentration capacity is
      restricted with a maximal urine osmolality of 360 mosm/liter. Despite this
      immature tubular function a glomerulotubular balance exists even in the preterm
      neonate. The kidneys are thus capable to preserve their homeostatic function.

PMID- 3686515
TI  - [Obese children and their treatment].
AB  - Retrospectively the data were analyzed of 188 children treated for obesity. The
      mean age at which obesity begins is 5,5 years, but the mean age at which medical
      help is sought is 9,5 years. In 78% of these children one or both parents were
      obese. The mean caloric value of the pretreatment feeding pattern was 924 kJ (220
      kCal) less than the reference quantities for age. Thirty-nine percent of cases
      stopped visiting the clinic themselves. Mean weight loss is 10% of the median
      weight-for-height. No differences were found between the results of various
      therapeutical regimens.

PMID- 3686516
TI  - Alloantibody responses in multiply transfused sickle cell patients.
AB  - Fifty-six adult and 15 pediatric black patients with sickle cell disease were
      studied to determine their antibody responses to repeated transfusions of red
      cells. Red cell antibodies were determined retrospectively; anti-lymphocyte
      antibodies (class I and II) were determined on the single, most recently drawn
      blood sample. All adults were HLA-A, B, C, DR and DQ typed. Ten percent of the
      individuals with less than 50 transfusions, but greater than 50% with 100
      transfusions or more, had red cell antibodies. The percentage of patients
      producing anti-red cell antibodies increased consistently with the number of
      transfusions (p = 0.0062). Women were more likely to become sensitized to red
      cell antigens than men (p = 0.008), and nulliparous women more likely than
      multiparous women. Children were also sensitized to red cell antigens (20%), and
      to a high degree to lymphocyte antigens (73%). No HLA association was found with
      increased propensity to red cell sensitization. A weak association of HLA DR5 and
      DR7 with failure to become sensitized to lymphocyte alloantigens was observed,
      but did not reach statistical significance. Our results suggest that, while
      genetic factors influencing transfusion response almost certainly exist, other
      factors such as number of transfusions, age, sex and parity need to be examined
      to provide accurate projections of risk in chronic transfusion.

PMID- 3686517
TI  - HLA antigens in chronic pancreatitis.
AB  - Since immunological and hereditary factors may be important in chronic
      pancreatitis, histocompatibility antigens of classes I and II were studied in 50
      British Caucasian patients, after exclusion of insulin-dependent diabetics for
      whom HLA associations are recognised. Chronic pancreatitis was defined by at
      least two independent criteria, and only subjects with alcohol-related and
      idiopathic disease were included. In 22 patients (21 male), weekly ethanol intake
      had chronically exceeded 100 g (usually substantially so); the remaining 28 had
      idiopathic chronic pancreatitis (ICP). Twenty patients (40%) had autoantibodies,
      in 11 (22%) to gastric parietal cells. Nine of those with ICP (three male) had
      parietal cell antibody, more than expected for the age/sex distribution. There
      were overall increased frequencies of HLA Cw5 and B44. In ICP there were
      increased frequencies of HLA A25 and Cw1, and a decreased frequency of B7. In
      patients with alcohol-related disease there were increased frequencies of Cw5
      (50.0% vs control 15.9%), B44 (54.5% vs 29.4%), and DR4 (61.1% vs 33.6%). The
      increased frequency of Cw5 in alcohol-related disease alone remained significant
      after correction (p less than 0.05). A hypothesis that hereditary and possibly
      immunological factors may contribute to the aetiology of chronic pancreatitis is
      supported.

PMID- 3686518
TI  - [Annie van Eindhoven; more than 40 years in nursing. Interview by A.M. Eliens and
      J.C. Timmer].

PMID- 3686519
TI  - [Reactions to the article 'Technological procedures in intensive care; a nursing
      role?'].

PMID- 3686521
TI  - [The doctor wouldn't allow it ... An experience by nurses with children suffering
      from bronchopulmonary dysplasia].

PMID- 3686520
TI  - [Viewpoints of the social status and coping methods of hospital patients].

PMID- 3686522
TI  - [Intensive care nursing and medical procedures within the theory of the 'extended
      arm'].

PMID- 3686523
TI  - Differential polycythemia: a comparative study between spurious polycythemia and
      pure erythrocytosis.
AB  - The definite differential diagnosis between spurious polycythemia (SP) and pure
      erythrocytosis (PE) was tested. Serum erythropoietin (EPO) levels in 6 patients
      with PE were 12.8 +/- 3.7 mU/ml and were significantly lower than those of both
      19 normal controls (28.5 +/- 15.0 mU/ml) and 9 patients with SP (21.3 +/- 10.2
      mU/ml). Three of 11 patients with SP and 1 of 3 patients with PE had
      significantly higher marrow erythroid progenitor cells (CFU-Es) than those of the
      normal controls. Spontaneous CFU-E growth (CFU-E growth in the absence of added
      EPO) was found in 4 of 11 patients with SP, 1 of 3 patients with PE, and all
      patients with polycythemia vera. However, the number of spontaneous CFU-E was low
      in SP and PE. The measurements of serum EPO levels and CFU-E growth did not
      provide differentiation between PE and SP. Even if some patients, whose total red
      cell volumes are either higher than 12.5% above the mean predicted values or
      their CFU-E growth is great, are diagnosed as SP, consideration should be made
      that they might, in fact, have PE.

PMID- 3686524
TI  - Antibodies to brain proteins in a patient with subacute cerebellar degeneration
      and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome.
AB  - The serum IgG of a 50-year-old woman with lung cancer associated with subacute
      cerebellar degeneration and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome showed the antibody
      activity to rat brain proteins. Using an immunoblotting method, the patient serum
      reacted with 98 kDa neutral cytoplasmic protein and 68 kDa membrane protein.
      These proteins were different in molecular weight from those we described
      previously (Tanaka et al. 1986), which suggests that proteins reacting with serum
      antibody are variable individually among patients with subacute cerebellar
      degeneration. These proteins from human brain could not be stained by the
      patient's serum IgG since these antigen proteins needed to be prepared quickly
      after death under protease inhibitors and were thought to be easily degraded.

PMID- 3686525
TI  - 16th Conference on Environmental Toxicology. Proceedings.

PMID- 3686526
TI  - Managing data quality through automation.
AB  - Traditional definitions of data quality deal primarily with individual data sets
      and the data collection process. Today's standards for ensuring data quality have
      not changed with respect to the desired results, but have simply been expanded to
      take advantage of modern technology. Computers are used to acquire, review,
      store, analyze, and report data. Because each of these steps can be automated,
      the need for human intervention and manual review is minimized. As a result, the
      potential for invalid data to reach the data analysis stage has increased
      significantly. To reduce this potential, efforts must be devoted to developing
      automated procedures that cover every conceivable validation possibility.
      Relationships between data and data sets must be well defined [1], and data base
      support that facilitates ready access to the data for the purpose of analysis
      must be provided. For small data sets, automation may therefore be impractical;
      but for large, interrelated data sets, automation is highly desirable. Computer
      automation has therefore expanded the traditional concept of ensuring data
      quality to include a complex array of interrelated tasks that must be properly
      managed to achieve the desired results.

PMID- 3686527
TI  - Inhalation exposure technology used for varying exposure modes and profiles in
      toxicology studies.
AB  - Current technology used in inhalation toxicology studies employs various exposure
      modes and concentration profiles. Inhalation exposure modes typically utilize
      wholebody techniques, whereas other exposure modes include nose- and head-only
      exposure systems and, in some cases, whole- or partial-lung exposure systems. The
      latter two conditions are utilized when safety considerations are warranted by
      the hazardous nature of the chemical or agent being tested, the test substance
      may be dermally adsorbed, and/or the costs of the chemical used are of concern.
      Inhalation exposure studies may span several minutes to 24 h of continuous
      exposure and from one day to the full life span of the animal being tested. Time
      varying profile exposures, on the other hand, are typically used to mimic human
      exposures to chemical agents and, in some cases, to more accurately extrapolate
      animal toxicity data in assessing human risk. Automation of inhalation exposure
      systems has expedited the timely operation of both accurate and repeatable
      profiles, and it has allowed for reexamination of classical time-weighted average
      concentration information relating to human health concerns. The toxicological
      assessment of potential health effects resulting from exposure to airborne
      substances typically involves thorough characterizing of the test agent via
      acute, subchronic, and chronic toxicity testing.

PMID- 3686528
TI  - Toxicological studies of chemical mixtures of environmental concern at the
      National Toxicology Program: health effects of groundwater contaminants.
AB  - In cooperation with the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, the
      National Toxicology Program is participating in a Public Health Service activity
      related to the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability
      Act (Superfund Act) by conducting toxicology studies on chemicals found in high
      priority hazardous waste sites and for which adequate toxicological data are not
      available. As part of this effort, a project on the toxicology of chemical
      mixtures of groundwater contaminants was initiated. The first study, centered on
      the health effects of groundwater contaminants, is at the contractual stage.
      Nineteen organic and six inorganic chemicals, selected from more than 1000 known
      groundwater contaminants, will be given in drinking water to Fischer 344 rats and
      B6C3F1 mice for 3 or 6 months. Controls and five dose levels, based on average
      concentrations (i.e., baseline level) of individual component chemicals, or 0.1-,
      10-, or 1000-fold of the baseline level, will be used. Toxicological end points
      include mortality, clinical signs, water and food consumption, body and organ
      weights, clinical pathology analytes (e.g., hematology, clinical chemistry, and
      urinalysis), gross and histopathology, neurobehavioral tests, sperm morphology
      and vaginal cytology evaluations (SMVCE), and cytogenetics. This paper summarizes
      the rationale behind our experimental design and the factors one must consider
      when designing studies of complex chemical mixtures.

PMID- 3686529
TI  - Effects of irritant gases on avoidance/escape performance and respiratory
      response of the baboon.
AB  - The major toxicants in smoke are generally categorized as asphyxiants (hypoxia
      producing agents) and irritants. Although the rodent appears to be an adequate
      model for evaluating the toxic effects of asphyxiant gases in man, the
      suitability of the rodent for evaluating the effects of irritant gases has not
      been established. In a study of the effects of irritant gases on escape
      performance of the baboon, exceedingly high concentrations of neither acrolein
      nor hydrogen chloride (HCl) prevented performance of the behavioral task;
      however, severe irritant effects were evident, even at lower concentrations. In a
      subsequent study of the respiratory response of the baboon to HCl, 15-min
      exposures to 5000 and 10,000 ppm (nominal concentrations) produced severe
      hypoxemia with a concentration-related increase in respiratory rate and minute
      volume. The difference between the rodent and the nonhuman primate in response to
      irritant gases suggests that the rodent may be an inadequate model for evaluating
      the toxicity of irritant gases to man and, therefore, the use of results of
      laboratory combust combustion tests to predict the toxicity of smoke in humans
      may lead to erroneous conclusions.

PMID- 3686530
TI  - Regulatory aspects of fire toxicology.
AB  - Fire creates a complex toxic environment involving flame, heat, oxygen depletion,
      smoke, and toxic gases. The nature of that environment is dependent upon not only
      the materials present but on the fire event, that is, the fire scenario.
      Materials have different toxic gas profiles under different conditions;
      therefore, toxic fire gas generation is not intrinsic to any one material. Large
      fires in buildings constitute a severe toxic threat regardless of the materials
      being burned. In the past, building codes in the United States included the
      phrase, "no more toxic than wood," in reference to fire gases from building
      materials. Such phrases have recently been deleted, because of the lack of either
      an accepted definition or test methodology to assess toxicity. While several
      states have attempted regulatory activity, the most recent approach (taken by the
      state of New York) has been the establishment of a data bank on toxic potency of
      building and furnishing materials. The utility of such a data bank without
      available hazard analysis methodology is open to discussion, since toxic potency
      data are not directly applicable to toxic hazard assessment. A number of small
      scale animal exposure tests have been developed to assess the potency of the
      toxic combustion products from combustible materials. Criticism of these tests
      relates to the relevance of the combustion module (a smoke generation apparatus)
      and the appropriateness of the animal model, particularly for irritant gases.
      Recent data from more than 2000 fire fatality cases and carbon monoxide exposure
      cases are discussed in this paper to help put small-scale laboratory test results
      into perspective. Toxicity is only one of the several fire properties related to
      materials. All fire parameters are interrelated, that is, they are not
      independent variables. Thus, predicting the toxicity of burning materials is a
      problem without a comprehensive solution. Measures have been taken, however, to
      reduce the number of fires and to reduce fire severity.

PMID- 3686531
TI  - Interspecies extrapolations in risk analysis.
AB  - Quantitative risk assessment for carcinogenic chemicals is usually based on data
      obtained in animal studies conducted at very high levels of exposure. A key issue
      in using such data is the extrapolation of results from animals to man. Recently,
      physiological pharmacokinetic models can also be used to aid in extrapolating
      extrapolations. The models can also be used to aid in extrapolating between
      routes of administration. Model results for inhalation and ingestion of
      tetrachloroethylene will be presented and compared to experimental data for rats
      and humans.

PMID- 3686532
TI  - The biological exposure index: its use in assessing chemical exposures in the
      workplace.
AB  - Human exposure to chemicals in the workplace has traditionally been assessed by
      determining the concentration of an airborne chemical in the workroom air. More
      recently, biological monitoring has been used to assess worker uptake of
      chemicals by all routes of exposure. Both approaches for the assessment of
      exposure and uptake are complementary. This relationship is examined, along with
      the advantages and limitations of using biological monitoring. The concept of the
      biological exposure index (BEI), developed by the American Conference of
      Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), and information on the intended use
      and interpretation of BEIs are described. Examples are presented on the use of
      biological monitoring in NIOSH Health Hazard Evaluations (e.g., carboxyhemoglobin
      in blood to assess exposure to carbon monoxide, urinary metabolites of
      trichloroethylene to assess exposure to trichloroethanol, and 2-ethoxyacetic acid
      in urine to assess exposure to 2-ethoxyethanol). The progress of current research
      studies on the biological monitoring of volunteers exposed to paint spray
      solvents is presented, along with speculation on the future directions of
      biological monitoring research.

PMID- 3686533
TI  - Toxicant distribution in the Thomas Domes.
AB  - Measurement of test article concentration distribution for light gases have been
      made in the Thomas Dome inhalation chambers at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base,
      using propane as a test agent. The method used to analyze for inhomogeneities in
      test article spatial distribution deliberately varies the dome operational
      parameters rather than requiring extreme operational stability. The variation in
      test article concentration is analyzed by regression to determine which
      operational parameters most influence the test agent distribution. Unaccounted
      concentration variability is assumed to be the inherent spatial variation of the
      test article in the dome. The propane studies indicated that the spatial
      variation within the dome was 6.4% of the mean and that room air temperature at
      the top of the dome, propane analyzer baseline stability, and dome pressure were
      (listed in order of decreasing importance) the variables influencing the test
      article distribution.

PMID- 3686534
TI  - Alternative testing methodologies--scientific update.

PMID- 3686535
TI  - Health among municipal sewage and water treatment workers.
AB  - Municipal sewage treatment plant workers are potentially exposed to a multitude
      of industrial chemicals and pathogenic microorganisms. A questionnaire survey of
      working habits, lifestyle and symptoms of illness was conducted among 189
      municipal sewage treatment plant workers processing between three and ten million
      gallons of wastewater daily in 16 plants in New York State between March and July
      of 1984. Water treatment plant workers in the same cities comprised the
      comparison group. Sewage workers reported a significantly higher frequency of
      headache, dizziness, sore throat, skin irritation and diarrhea within the month
      immediately preceding receipt of the questionnaire, after controlling for various
      possible confounders. Eye and skin irritation were significantly associated with
      exposure to mutagens. The health significance of these findings and possible
      sources of error in assessing risk are discussed.

PMID- 3686536
TI  - Persistence of vanadium compounds in lungs after intratracheal instillation in
      rats.
AB  - Translocation and tissue distribution of two different forms of vanadium
      compounds, orthovanadate (soluble) and vanadium pentoxide (less soluble), were
      investigated. Groups of randomly selected rats were injected intratracheally with
      radiolabeled vanadium (48V) compounds and the animals were sacrificed at 1, 7 and
      28 days after treatment. Blood, lungs and other major organs and tissues, namely
      liver, kidney, spleen, heart, testes, brain, muscle, and bone were sampled and
      the vanadium contents determined by gamma spectrometry. The less soluble form of
      vanadium (vanadium pentoxide) was eliminated from the lungs at a slow but
      exponentially linear rate, whereas the soluble form was translocated rapidly from
      this organ and exhibited a non-linear decline. Compared to the less soluble form,
      significantly less vanadium was retained in lungs 7 and 28 days after
      intratracheal instillation of vanadate. One day after treatment significantly
      higher concentrations (approximately 4 times) of vanadium after orthovanadate
      were observed in liver, kidney, spleen and bone compared to the pentoxide.
      However, tissue residues at 7 and 28 days indicated that both forms of vanadium
      were rapidly eliminated, except from bone and lungs. Results suggest a prolonged
      retention of less soluble forms of vanadium and possible health effects following
      repeated occupational exposure.

PMID- 3686537
TI  - Chronic carcinogenesis studies of acrolein and related compounds.
AB  - Acrolein and two of its more stable derivatives, the oxime and the diethylacetal,
      and the related allyl alcohol were given in drinking water to groups of 20 male
      and 20 female F344 rats at doses close to the maximum that could be tolerated by
      the animals, for most of their lifetime. Acetaldoxime served as a control for the
      hydroxylamine derivative of acrolein. Most of the tumors were common in untreated
      rats of this strain. Only adenomas of the adrenal cortex in females were more
      numerous than in untreated controls. Acrolein itself was too toxic to hamsters to
      conduct a carcinogenesis study. Acrolein oxime, acrolein diethylacetal and allyl
      alcohol were all quite toxic to hamsters, but 2 mg per week by gavage was
      tolerated by groups of 20 male Syrian hamsters. There was a small number of
      tumors of the pancreatic ducts and of the forestomach in the treated hamsters,
      but the incidence was not statistically significant.

PMID- 3686538
TI  - Teratogenic potential of triphenyl phosphate in Sprague-Dawley (Spartan) rats.
AB  - Male and female Sprague-Dawley (Spartan) rats were fed dietary levels of 0, 0.25,
      0.50, 0.75 or 1.00% triphenyl phosphate (TPP) from 4 weeks post weaning for 91
      days, through mating and gestation. At these dietary levels, the daily intake of
      TPP during pregnancy was 0, 166, 341, 516 and 690 mg/kg body weight,
      respectively. TPP exposure had no toxic effects on mothers or offspring at these
      dosages. The types of developmental anomalies were similar in both treated and
      control animals. No significant increases in the incidence of anomalies were seen
      in the treated groups as compared to control values. TPP was not teratogenic in
      Sprague-Dawley rats at the levels tested.

PMID- 3686539
TI  - Risk assessment and oncodynamics of ethylene oxide as related to occupational
      exposure.
AB  - Two rat inhalation bioassays have been integrated into the risk assessment on the
      carcinogenicity of ethylene oxide (EO). The carcinogenic findings as well as
      relevant metabolism and pharmacokinetic data are reviewed. Brain tumors were
      selected as the endpoint for the assessment of risk because of the indication
      that adverse effects on the nervous system, related to EO exposure, were
      consistent across species. Two methods, time-exposure concentration product and
      area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) are used as a basis for
      calculating effective dose. Scaling of the dose to man from both rat and dog is
      explored based on pharmacokinetic studies. Two different mathematical risk
      extrapolation models, the probit and the multi-stage, are used to estimate the
      cancer risk for daily exposures to EO of 1.8 microgram/liter over a working
      lifetime. The use of AUC as a basis for dose from a daily exposure of 1.8
      microgram/liter over a working lifetime gives the higher risk rates (90
      142/10,000 workers). The implication of the simulated dose using plasma
      concentrations versus the time-concentration product approach is discussed in
      relation to threshold effects.

PMID- 3686540
TI  - Alachlor: health advisory.

PMID- 3686541
TI  - In vitro transformation of human cells by radiation.

PMID- 3686542
TI  - Percutaneous and oral absorption of chlorinated paraffins in the rat.
AB  - Parallel percutaneous absorption studies of two 14C-labelled chlorinated
      paraffins (C18, 50-53% chlorination; C28, 47% chlorination) were carried out in
      the Sprague-Dawley rat. The dermally applied dose (66 mg/cm2) was approximately
      equivalent to 2.0 g/kg of body weight. An oral absorption study with the C18
      chlorinated paraffin (0.5 g/kg) was carried out in rats for comparison. Less than
      1% of the dermally applied dose of [1-14C]polychlorooctadecane (50-53%
      chlorination) and less than 0.1% of the applied dose of [14,15
      14C]polychlorooctacosane (47% chlorination) were recovered in excreta, expired
      air and tissues after 96 hours. In contrast, approximately 86% of the orally
      administered dose of [1-14C]polychlorooctadecane (0.5 g/kg) was recovered. These
      results indicate that rat skin acts as an effective barrier to chlorinated
      paraffins containing eighteen or more carbons and more than 40% chlorine by
      weight. The oral absorption of the C18 chlorinated paraffin can be estimated to
      be nearly 100 times greater than its dermal absorption. Based on current toxicity
      results from rodent experiments and these present findings, chlorinated paraffins
      of the type tested would be expected to have little or no effect in animals as a
      result of dermal exposure. It is reasonable to assume that such chlorinated
      paraffins are unlikely to be systemically toxic to humans by skin contact under
      normal conditions of production and use.

PMID- 3686543
TI  - Pathologic effects of chronic administration of hydrochlorothiazide, with and
      without sodium nitrite, to F344 rats.
AB  - The diuretic drug hydrochlorothiazide was administered to 24 male and 24 female
      F344 rats as a mixture of 0.1% in powdered food. A parallel group of the same
      size was given 0.1% hydrochlorothiazide plus 0.2% sodium nitrite in the food. A
      third group received 0.2% sodium nitrite in the food and there was a similar
      group of untreated controls. The treatments were well tolerated and there was no
      significant life shortening. A majority of the rats given hydrochlorothiazide,
      with or without nitrite, developed chronic progressive nephropathy, which was
      more severe in males than in females. Associated with this were diffuse
      parathyroid hyperplasia in both groups receiving the drug, also more severe in
      males than in females, and parallel increases in lesions of the blood vessels
      (mural thrombosis of the heart and polyarteritis). The few adenomas of the
      parathyroid and tubular cell adenomas of the kidney in rats ingesting
      hydrochlorothiazide were not statistically significant.

PMID- 3686544
TI  - Nasal and pulmonary toxicity of allyl glycidyl ether in mice.
AB  - A concentration-dependent expiratory bradypnea, indicative of irritation of the
      nasal mucosa, occurred during a 15-min oronasal exposure of mice to allyl
      glycidyl ether (AGE) in the concentration range of 1.9-8.6 ppm. The level of
      exposure responsible for a 50% decrease in the respiratory rate (RD50) was 5.7
      ppm. Non-anaesthetized, tracheally cannulated mice exposed for 120 min to AGE at
      levels ranging from 105 to 185 ppm showed a concentration-dependent decrease in
      respiratory rate due to pulmonary toxicity. The level of exposure to AGE which
      produced a 50% decrease in the respiratory rate of tracheally cannulated mice
      (RD50TC) was 134 ppm. Mice were subjected to whole body exposure for 4, 9 or 14
      days, 6 h/day to 7.1 or 2.5 ppm AGE. The 4-day exposure to 7.1 ppm AGE produced
      in the nasal cavities of mice lesions consisting of necrosis of the respiratory
      epithelium and complete erosion of the olfactory epithelium without pulmonary
      injury. Restorative responses were observed in the nasal cavities of mice exposed
      for 9 and 14 days to 7.1 ppm AGE. Exposure to 2.5 ppm AGE caused neither nasal
      nor pulmonary injury. The results indicate that AGE primarily affects the upper
      airways. They also make it questionable that the occupational standard of 5 ppm
      assures an adequate margin of protection against AGE-induced nasal effects.

PMID- 3686545
TI  - Effects of pyridoxine on implantation and pregnancy in Wistar rat.
AB  - Pyridoxine hydrochloride was gavaged to 2 groups of pregnant Wistar rats from day
      0 to 13 and day 6 to 15 of gestation at doses of 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg. A
      higher number of implantations, live pups and corpora lutea were observed in the
      treated rats, but a significant reduction in the body weights of the pups was
      noticed in the groups treated with 400 and 800 mg/kg. No other adverse effects on
      implantation and pregnancy were noticed. No evidence of dismorphogenic effects
      was seen.

PMID- 3686546
TI  - Developmental profile of serum androgens and estrous cyclicity of male and female
      rats exposed, perinatally, to maternally administered phenytoin.
AB  - Pregnant rats were treated, daily, with either 10, 50 or 100 mg/kg of phenytoin
      Na from day 17 of gestation through postpartum day 7. The male and female
      offspring exposed to the 2 higher doses of phenytoin had smaller body weights at
      birth than the diluent-treated rats, and this subnormal body weight gain
      persisted throughout the life of the affected animals. In contrast, the
      anticonvulsant produced no adverse effects on the developmental profile of serum
      androstenedione, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone or estrous cyclicity in the
      exposed male and female offspring, respectively. In spite of the normal
      concentrations of serum androgens, the seminal vesicles of the adult rats exposed
      to the 50 and 100 mg/kg doses of phenytoin were significantly smaller than the
      diluent-treated males.

PMID- 3686547
TI  - T-2 toxin effects on the serum amyloid P-component (SAP) response of Listeria
      monocytogenes- and Salmonella typhimurium-infected mice.
AB  - T-2 mycotoxin, given to mice 4 days prior to an intraperitoneal inoculation with
      Listeria monocytogenes EGD, increases the acute phase response as determined by
      measurements of serum amyloid protein-P (SAP), and decreases the severity of the
      infection. Conversely, when T-2 toxin is given simultaneously with L.
      monocytogenes the mice become more susceptible to the infection, and the SAP
      levels attained are diminished relative to the non-toxin-treated Listeria
      infected controls. T-2 toxin given 4 days prior to intraperitoneal inoculation
      with Salmonella typhimurium had no effect on either the resultant infection or
      SAP levels. These results indicate that T-2 toxin modulates the acute phase
      response to infection, and are consistent with an in vivo role for SAP as a
      nonspecific host resistance factor.

PMID- 3686548
TI  - A neutral lipophilic compound of aluminum(III) as a cause of myocardial infarct
      in the rabbit.
AB  - Intravenous administration of aluminum(III) in the form of the hydrolytically
      stable and moderately lipophilic complex acetylacetonate in the rabbit a severe
      pathological picture, the most significant feature of which is the occurrence of
      a myocardial infarct.

PMID- 3686549
TI  - The pathologic and immunologic effects of inhaled acrolein in rats.
AB  - Four groups of 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats each were exposed by inhalation to
      target concentrations of 0, 0.1, 1.0, and 3.0 ppm of acrolein 6 h/day, 5
      days/week for 3 weeks. Subsequent changes in local pulmonary immunity were
      determined by examining the number of antibody plaque-forming cells in the lung
      associated lymph nodes following intratracheal immunization with sheep red blood
      cells. Separate groups of rats were evaluated for blastogenic responsiveness to
      phytohemagglutinin-P and Salmonella typhimurium antigen using spleen- and lung
      associated lymph node cells. In vivo resistance was evaluated utilizing acrolein
      exposed rats subsequently challenged with intravenous Listeria monocytogenes.
      Local pulmonary antibody responsiveness was not affected by acrolein exposure.
      Lymphocyte blastogenesis and resistance to Listeria challenge were not altered.
      Body weights and spleen weights were decreased in the 3 ppm-exposed group only.
      Microscopic examination of the nasal turbinates revealed acrolein-induced
      exfoliation, erosion, and necrosis of the respiratory epithelium as well as
      squamous metaplasia, however, lung histology was not affected. Thus at
      environmental concentrations, acrolein toxicity appeared to be confined to local
      nasal pathologic changes with no alterations in lung histology or immune
      function.

PMID- 3686550
TI  - Cytogenetic effects of amitriptyline hydrochloride in somatic and germ cells of
      mice.
AB  - Amitriptyline hydrochloride, an antidepressant drug, was tested in mice for
      mutagenic effects in the somatic cells by the micronucleus test and in the germ
      cells by the air drying technique of Evans et al. Mice were treated orally with
      the drug at a dose of 70, 140 and 210 mg/kg body weight. The results indicate
      that the drug is capable of inducing mutations both in the mitotic and meiotic
      cells of mice.

PMID- 3686551
TI  - The possible role of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the detoxification of
      methyl parathion.
AB  - The levels of proteins, glucose and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity
      were studied in muscle, gill and liver tissues of the fish Tilapia mossambica
      under sublethal methyl parathion toxicity. Tissue glucose levels decreased with
      increased soluble protein content and the activity levels of glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase were elevated considerably. These results are discussed in relation
      to the involvement of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in both synthetic and
      detoxification processes as an adaptive response against methyl parathion
      toxicity.

PMID- 3686552
TI  - Effect of malathion on some kinesiological parameters of the gastrocnemius muscle
      of frog, Rana hexadactyla (Lesson) and the antagonistic action of atropine.
AB  - Selected kinesiological parameters were studied in the gastrocnemius muscle of
      frog, R. hexadactyla Lesson, under different treatments with malathion and
      atropine. There is an apparent decrease of twitch amplitude, half contraction
      time, half relaxation time, twitch duration and fatigue time in control muscle
      during malathion treatment. In the denervated muscle, twitch amplitude, latency
      period, and fatigue time were lowered, with elevated phases of contraction and
      relaxation time. However, all these parameters except fatigue time showed an
      elevatory trend when atropine was given along with malathion revealing its
      antagonistic action against malathion toxicity. All these results indicate that
      the action of malathion is similar to that of a pharmacologically active myo- and
      neurotoxic agent.

PMID- 3686553
TI  - Effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on thermogenesis in brown
      adipose tissue of rats.
AB  - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with a usually lethal dose of 2,3,7,8
      tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD; 125 micrograms/kg i.p. in corn oil) or with
      vehicle alone. Two, 4, and 8 days after treatment the temperature of
      interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) was monitored during venous infusion of
      norepinephrine (480 ng/min) for 60 min. The temperature response was about 1.0
      1.5 degrees C within 1 h in vehicle-treated, pair-fed and ad libitum-fed
      controls. In TCDD-treated animals, the response of IBAT decreased with time after
      TCDD dosage, amounting to only 0.3 +/- 0.1 degree C at 8 days after dosing
      (differences significant with respect to both controls, P less than 0.05). GDP
      binding to IBAT mitochondria (a measure of thermogenic capacity) was unchanged in
      all groups, indicating that the reduced thermogenic response was probably not
      caused by an impairment of the mitochondrial uncoupling process by TCDD.

PMID- 3686554
TI  - Increases in opacity and thickness induced by surfactants and other chemicals in
      the bovine isolated cornea.
AB  - Changes in the opacity and thickness of the bovine isolated cornea in response to
      incubation with surfactants and other chemicals have been monitored over a period
      of 4.5 h. Although there was some correlation between opacity and thickness for
      the anionic and non-ionic surfactants and for some of the chemicals, there was no
      correlation for cationic surfactants. It is suggested that the measurement of
      opacity in the isolated cornea gives a more reliable indication of likely in vivo
      eye irritancy than does the measurement of corneal thickness.

PMID- 3686555
TI  - Urinary excretion of mercapturic acids and thiocyanate in rats exposed to
      acrylonitrile: influence of dose and route of administration.
AB  - Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed acutely to acrylonitrile (ACN)
      according to 1 of 3 different routes of administration: inhalation (6 h), i.v.,
      or i.p. Urinary metabolites measured 24 h after administration were 2
      cyanoethylmercapturic acid (CMA), 2-hydroxyethylmercapturic acid (HMA) and
      thiocyanate (TCN). In all 3 series of experiments, the relationship between
      excretion of total urinary metabolites and the degree of exposure was reasonably
      linear. However, there was a marked influence of the route of administration on
      the pattern of metabolic excretion. For example, after i.p. and i.v. injection
      CMA was the most important metabolite while after inhalation it was TCN. Our
      results also indicate an important effect of the dose on the pattern of excretion
      for all types of administration.

PMID- 3686556
TI  - Increase in mouse liver weight following feeding of ammonium perfluorooctanoate
      and related fluorochemicals.
AB  - The weight of the mouse liver following feeding of ammonium perfluorooctanoate,
      ammonium perfluorononanoate, Telomer B ammonium sulfate, and WG-III was increased
      in a dose-dependent manner. Dietary levels of 3 ppm or greater ammonium
      perfluorooctanoate for either 14 or 21 days produced a significant elevation in
      liver weight both on an absolute and on an organ/body weight ratio basis.
      Similarly, ammonium perfluorononanoate produced significant increases at the
      lowest level tested, 3 ppm. Telomer B ammonium sulfate and WG-III also produced
      liver weight increases but at higher feeding levels. The striking increase in
      liver weight following relatively short-term exposures in mice makes this a
      useful screening test for comparing the liver-enlarging capacity of ammonium
      perfluorooctanoate and related fluorochemicals.

PMID- 3686557
TI  - Detection of the lethal effects of T-2 mycotoxin on cells using a rapid
      colorimetric viability assay.
AB  - A colorimetric method of determining cell viabilities in cultured cells is
      described. The system is based on the ability of mitochondrial enzymes in live
      but not dead cells to chemically reduce a tetrazolium salt (MTT) into a colored
      formazan dye which can be detected at 570 nm using a multiwell scanning
      spectrophotometer. 48 h Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell cultures are used in the
      assay and the amount of colored product formed is directly proportional to cell
      number over a range of 0.39-12.5 X 10(4) cells/ml. The cytotoxic effects of T-2
      mycotoxin can also be detected colorimetrically using this method. The toxin dose
      which inhibits formazan formation (50% endpoint = 14-16 ng/ml) is very comparable
      to that which inhibits cell viability (17 ng/ml), or protein and DNA synthesis
      (10 ng/ml). This system also works well with mitogen-stimulated primary
      lymphocyte cultures but these cells exhibit a much more sensitive response to T-2
      effects having a 50% inhibition endpoint of 2 ng/ml. The assay is rapid to
      perform and gives a high degree of precision and could serve as a valid
      alternative to viability assays currently in use.

PMID- 3686558
TI  - The metabolism of t-butylcyclohexane in Fischer-344 male rats with hyaline
      droplet nephropathy.
AB  - The molecule t-butylcyclohexane is one of the first examples of a branched alkyl
      group attached to a hydrocarbon ring shown to be capable of producing renal
      damage at the corticomedullary junction of male rats. A metabolic study of t
      butylcyclohexane yielded the following urinary metabolites: trans-4-t
      butylcyclohexanol, 2c-hydroxy-4t-t-butylcyclohexanol, 2-methyl-2
      cyclohexylpropanoic acid, 2c-hydroxy-4c-t-butylcyclohexanol, 2-methyl-2
      cyclohexyl-1,3-propanediol, 2t-hydroxy-4t-t-butylcyclohexanol, and cis -4-t
      butylcyclohexanol. As with other hydrocarbons of similar molecular weight that
      induce nephropathy in male rats, preferential sites of oxidative metabolism were
      observed that could potentially be related to the pathogenesis.

PMID- 3686559
TI  - [Prospects for radiation protection within the framework of general environmental
      protection].

PMID- 3686560
TI  - [Radiation protection after Chernobyl. Ionizing radiation: knowledge, concepts,
      regulations. 27th annual meeting of the German Radiation Protection Consortium.
      23-24 May 1986, Munster. Proceedings].

PMID- 3686561
TI  - [Status of the deliberations on amending radiation protection regulations].

PMID- 3686562
TI  - [Minimizing radiation using quality assurance].

PMID- 3686563
TI  - [Chernobyl: facts, measures, consequences].

PMID- 3686564
TI  - [Amendment of x-ray regulations].

PMID- 3686565
TI  - [Occupational exposure to radiation in x-ray diagnosis].

PMID- 3686566
TI  - [Classification of personnel occupationally exposed to radiation].

PMID- 3686567
TI  - [DIN standards and the new regulations].

PMID- 3686568
TI  - [Treatment of radiation-injured skin and tumors of radiation-injured skin at the
      Hornheide Specialty Clinic].

PMID- 3686569
TI  - [Characteristics of radiation-damaged hands].

PMID- 3686570
TI  - [The clinical picture of the effects of radiation on the skin].

PMID- 3686571
TI  - [Revision of the quality factor in radiation protection].

PMID- 3686572
TI  - [Research on humans using radioactive substances].

PMID- 3686573
TI  - [Effective dose and the concept of dose limitation].

PMID- 3686574
TI  - [Recent developments in dose concepts and measurement methods for radiation
      protection].

PMID- 3686575
TI  - Operative versus nonoperative management of asymptomatic high-grade internal
      carotid artery stenosis: improved results with endarterectomy.
AB  - In a 4-year period, 129 asymptomatic high-grade (80-99%) internal carotid artery
      stenoses were identified in 115 patients. Because we previously demonstrated a
      strong relation between degree of carotid stenosis and subsequent development of
      ipsilateral related events (stroke, transient ischemic attack, and carotid
      occlusion), we changed our previous policy and began to offer carotid
      endarterectomy to good surgical risk patients referred to us with asymptomatic
      high-grade carotid stenosis. A total of 56 carotid endarterectomies were
      performed while 73 lesions were followed nonoperatively. Operated and nonoperated
      groups were similar with regard to age, prevalence of hypertension, cardiac
      disease, diabetes, and aspirin use. Life table analysis to 24 months revealed a
      higher rate of stroke (19 vs. 4%, p = 0.08), transient focal neurologic deficits
      (28 vs. 5%, p = 0.008), and carotid occlusion (29 vs. 0%, p = 0.003) in the
      nonoperated group. Eight of the 9 strokes in the nonoperated group occurred
      within 9 months of diagnosis of the high-grade lesion; none were preceded by a
      transient ischemic attack. There was 1 perioperative stroke (1.8%) but no in
      hospital operative deaths and no difference in the late death rates of the two
      groups. This suggests that the preservation of neurologic status in patients with
      asymptomatic high-grade internal carotid artery stenosis can be improved by
      carotid endarterectomy.

PMID- 3686576
TI  - Mechanisms of intracranial hemorrhage in infective endocarditis.
AB  - Analysis of 17 patients with infective endocarditis and intracranial hemorrhage
      yielded several different mechanisms of bleeding. Nine of 15 (60%) symptomatic
      intracranial hemorrhages occurred within 48 hours of admission and 3 more (20%)
      after hospital discharge. In 7 patients with Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis,
      symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage occurred within 48 hours of admission and
      resulted from septic arteritis in all 3 examined pathologically. Secondary
      hemorrhagic transformation (hemorrhagic infarction) was asymptomatic in 2
      nonanticoagulated patients but was associated with clinical worsening in 2
      anticoagulated patients. Anticoagulation potentially contributed to intracranial
      hemorrhage in 4 of the 17 patients (24%). Proven mycotic aneurysms were present
      in only 2 patients (12%), 1 of whom presented with massive, fatal intracranial
      hemorrhage. Mycotic aneurysms amenable to surgery are uncommon and underlie only
      a fraction of intracranial hemorrhages in infective endocarditis.

PMID- 3686577
TI  - Mycotic aneurysm, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and indications for cerebral
      angiography in infective endocarditis.
AB  - We compared the clinical course of 68 patients with infective endocarditis and
      mycotic aneurysm and 147 patients with infective endocarditis but no mycotic
      aneurysm. Among the patients with mycotic aneurysm, 57% had subarachnoid
      hemorrhage without warning. Forty-three percent had a neurologic prodrome 2 days
      to 18 months (median 17 days) prior to discovery of the mycotic aneurysm. A focal
      deficit consistent with embolism was the most common prodrome (23%). However,
      there was no significant difference in the frequency of neurologic symptoms
      between patients with and without mycotic aneurysm. During an average follow-up
      of 40 months, there were no instances of subarachnoid hemorrhage/mycotic aneurysm
      among 121 patients discharged after a full course of antibiotic therapy.
      Therefore, the risk of rupture of an unsuspected mycotic aneurysm following a
      full course of antibiotics is low. When a prodrome does precede a mycotic
      aneurysm, it most often is a focal deficit consistent with embolism. We favor
      angiography in all patients with infective endocarditis who experience a focal
      deficit with good recovery. The timing and other indications for angiography in
      infective endocarditis are discussed.

PMID- 3686578
TI  - Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Complications and outcome in a hospital
      population.
AB  - We describe total management results in a prospective series of 264 patients with
      aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) admitted to a neurologic unit. Referrals
      were actively solicited from general physicians as well as neurologists in the
      area. The diagnosis was based on computed tomography (CT). Secondary
      deteriorations were analyzed clinically and with serial CT scanning. Outcome was
      assessed 3 months after SAH. There were no relevant differences between the
      analyses of patients with and without an aneurysm confirmed by angiography or
      autopsy. One third of the patients either died within 1 day (12%) or remained in
      a poor clinical condition that precluded surgery (22%). One third were in good
      clinical condition, but contraindications to surgery were judged present or
      serious complications occurred before surgery could be performed. One third of
      all patients underwent surgery. Overall mortality in our series was 52%; only 26%
      made a good recovery. The risk of rebleeding was not related to the patients'
      initial clinical condition, but all other intracranial complications occurred
      significantly more often in patients graded poor compared with patients in good
      clinical condition. The most important causes of death and severe disability were
      hemorrhage (16%), recurrent hemorrhage (18%), and delayed cerebral ischemia
      (15%). The most important surgical complication was delayed deterioration caused
      by ischemia (20% of operated patients). We estimated that recognition of 'warning
      leaks,' surgery in patients over 65, and improvement of our surgical technique
      could decrease mortality from 52% to approximately 41%.

PMID- 3686579
TI  - Cerebral vasoconstrictor responses to serotonin after dietary treatment of
      atherosclerosis: implications for transient ischemic attacks.
AB  - Serotonin, which is released when platelets aggregate at carotid lesions, may
      contribute to cerebral ischemia. Our goal was to test the hypothesis that dietary
      treatment of atherosclerosis reverses the augmented cerebral vasoconstrictor
      response to serotonin. We studied normal cynomolgus monkeys, atherosclerotic
      monkeys, and atherosclerotic monkeys that were fed a normal (regression) diet for
      18 months. Morphometric studies indicated that the regression diet reduced
      intimal area in the carotid arteries by about 50-75%. Cerebral blood flow was
      measured with microspheres, and microvascular pressure was measured with a
      micropipette in pial arteries that were approximately 300 micron in diameter.
      Values for cerebral blood flow and arteriolar pressure were used to calculate
      resistance of large cerebral arteries (greater than 300 micron diameter).
      Infusion of serotonin produced a modest increase in the resistance of large
      cerebral arteries in normal monkeys. Vasoconstrictor responses to serotonin were
      increased more than fivefold in atherosclerotic monkeys. The major finding of the
      study is that dietary treatment of atherosclerosis abolishes augmented cerebral
      responses to serotonin.

PMID- 3686580
TI  - Cerebral blood flow in normal pressure hydrocephalus.
AB  - A xenon-133 method was used to measure cerebral blood flow (CBF) before and after
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) removal in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus
      (NPH). Preliminary results suggested that shunting should be performed on
      patients whose CBF increased after CSF removal. There was a significant increase
      in CBF in patients with NPH, which was confirmed by the favorable outcome of 88%
      of patients shunted. The majority of patients with senile and presenile dementia
      showed a decrease or no change in CBF after CSF removal. It is suggested that
      although changes in CBF and clinical symptoms of NPH may have the same cause,
      i.e., changes in the cerebral intraparenchymal pressure, there is no simple
      direct relation between these two events. The mechanism underlying the loss of
      autoregulation observed in NPH is also discussed.

PMID- 3686582
TI  - Expanding cerebellar lacunes due to dilatation of the perivascular space
      associated with Binswanger's subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy.
AB  - An 80-year-old hypertensive woman developed right hemiplegia and died 24 hours
      after admission. Neuropathologic examination revealed multiple cerebral infarcts
      of various ages and diffuse subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy. Clusters
      of asymptomatic "expanding" lacunes, due to dilatation of the perivascular
      spaces, were found in both dentate nuclei. These cavities, which presented as
      space-occupying lesions, were surrounded by a single layer of flattened cells and
      contained 1 or more sections of normal-looking arterioles. Such a topographic
      grouping of lacunes in the dentate nucleus has not been described previously. The
      mechanism of widening of the perivascular compartment remains unclear; its
      occurrence in a hypertensive patient and its association with typical
      Binswanger's subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy and severe
      atherosclerosis with multiple infarcts suggest a common pathophysiologic
      mechanism possibly including an alteration of the blood-brain barrier.

PMID- 3686581
TI  - Motor and perceptual impairments in acute stroke patients: effects on self-care
      ability.
AB  - The relative importance of motor, perceptual, and some cognitive functions for
      self-care ability was analyzed in a representative sample of 109 subjects within
      2 weeks of acute stroke. Forty-nine patients (45%) were dependent or partly
      dependent in self-care. Profound motor dysfunction was present in 39%, low-order
      perceptual deficits in 10%, high-order perceptual deficits in 60%, and
      disorientation in time and space in 13% of the patients. There was a significant
      covariation between motor function and self-care ability and between low-order
      perception and orientation function. Low-order and high-order perception covaried
      only weakly. Discriminant analyses showed that the actual level of self-care
      proficiency could be correctly predicted in 70% of the cases by the 4 indexes of
      motor function, low-order perception, high-order perception, and orientation. The
      dominating predictor was motor function, and the next highest was high-order
      perception. When a program for early training is designed with the aim to
      alleviate long-term self-care disability after stroke, correct assessment of
      motor and perceptual functions in the individual stroke patient is essential.

PMID- 3686583
TI  - Somatosensory evoked potentials in lacunar syndromes of pure motor and ataxic
      hemiparesis.
AB  - Syndromes of hemiparetic lacunar infarction include pure motor hemiparesis and
      ataxic hemiparesis. Twelve such patients were evaluated with somatosensory evoked
      potentials. Potentials were delayed or absent in all 4 patients with ataxic
      hemiparesis and in 1 of 8 patients with pure motor hemiparesis. Unlike pure motor
      hemiparesis, ataxic hemiparesis appears to be associated with abnormal
      somatosensory evoked potentials. These abnormalities suggest that disturbance of
      afferent pathways are important in ataxic hemiparesis.

PMID- 3686584
TI  - Silent cerebral infarction in chronic atrial fibrillation.
AB  - Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with an increased risk of stroke. In AF
      patients with acute stroke, cerebral computed tomography (CT) often reveals old
      asymptomatic infarcts. To investigate the frequency of such lesions, 29 AF
      patients and 29 controls in sinus rhythm without history of cerebrovascular
      disease were CT scanned. Fourteen patients with AF (48%) had abnormal CT scans
      with areas of low density with sharp demarcation from surrounding tissue compared
      with 8 patients in sinus rhythm (28%) (p greater than 0.10). However, the number
      of abnormal areas with apparent tissue loss was significantly higher in the AF
      group (39 lesions) compared with the control group (16 lesions) (p = 0.033). The
      lesions were mainly located in the cortex with no significant difference in
      lesion size between AF patients and controls. The abnormal areas probably
      reflected small, clinically silent infarcts. We conclude that these lesions are
      present in AF patients without history of cerebrovascular events and occur more
      frequently than in controls without atrial fibrillation.

PMID- 3686585
TI  - Multiple cerebral infarctions and dementia associated with anticardiolipin
      antibodies.
AB  - Antibodies to negatively charged phospholipids including cardiolipin have been
      recognized in the sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and other
      disorders. We report 4 patients who experienced cerebral infarctions and dementia
      in association with anticardiolipin antibodies. These patients did not have the
      characteristic lupus anticoagulant or systemic lupus erythematosus. The
      occurrence of anticardiolipin antibodies in patients with multiple cerebral
      infarctions who do not have evidence of a systemic vasculitis or inflammatory
      condition suggests that this association may be more common than previously
      recognized. It may be useful to test for the presence of anticardiolipin
      antibodies in patients who have unexplained cerebral infarctions.

PMID- 3686586
TI  - Flunarizine reduces cerebral infarct size after photochemically induced
      thrombosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - The cerebroprotective effect of flunarizine was studied in a minimally invasive
      model of photochemically induced cerebral infarction in spontaneously
      hypertensive rats. Intravenous administration of the photosensitizing dye rose
      bengal and intense focal illumination of the brain produced a deep cortical
      infarction that resulted from singlet oxygen-induced peroxidative injury to the
      endothelial membrane, subsequent platelet adhesion, and eventual thrombus
      formation. The infarct size was calculated from area measurements on consecutive
      histologic sections prepared from the brain cortex 4 hours after the onset of the
      insult. Oral treatment with 40 mg/kg flunarizine 3 hours before photoexcitation
      resulted in a significant reduction of the median infarct size from 11.75 mm3 in
      the untreated group to 6.40 mm3 in the treated group (n = 13, p less than 0.001).
      At this dose, flunarizine had no effect on systemic blood pressure. In a separate
      experiment the area of thrombotic obstruction was quantified 30 minutes after the
      onset of light exposure. Flunarizine did not significantly reduce early thrombus
      formation (2.28 mm3 in the untreated and 1.78 mm3 in the treated group) (n = 12,
      p = 0.2). The infarcted area at 4 hours was considerably larger than the initial
      thrombotic area. Protection with flunarizine against development of cortical
      infarction has been unequivocally shown. Although some effect may already be
      present at the early stage of lesion formation, the major protective action
      admittedly occurred in the later postinsult period when the lesion was
      expanding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3686587
TI  - Regional cerebral palmitate incorporation following transient bilateral carotid
      occlusion in awake gerbils.
AB  - [14C]Palmitate was injected intravenously in awake gerbils at various times after
      5 minutes of bilateral carotid artery occlusion or a sham operation. Regional
      rates of incorporation of plasma palmitate into the hippocampus and other regions
      of the anterior circulation were determined relative to the mean rate of
      incorporation into regions of the posterior circulation using quantitative
      autoradiography and a ratio method of analysis. One day after bilateral carotid
      occlusion, relative palmitate incorporation was elevated significantly by 16% in
      the CA4 pyramidal cell layer and by 20% in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus
      compared with sham-operated gerbils. At 3 days, significant elevations of this
      magnitude were found in the CA3 and CA4 cell layers, whereas relative
      incorporation was reduced by 26% in the CA1 pyramidal cell layer. At 7 days, the
      only significant difference from control was a 15% elevated incorporation in the
      CA3 pyramidal cell layer. Histologic examination indicated substantial cell death
      in the CA1 pyramidal layer at 3 days, with extensive glial reaction and
      phagocytic invasion at 7 days. Our results suggest that the turnover of palmitate
      containing lipids is reduced in the CA1 layer of the gerbil hippocampus but that
      lipid synthesis is stimulated in hippocampal regions (CA3, CA4, dentate gyrus)
      affected by but recovering from transient bilateral carotid occlusion.

PMID- 3686588
TI  - Relation between spinal cord and epidural blood flow.
AB  - To test applicability of monitoring regional spinal cord blood flow by measuring
      regional epidural blood flow, both were simultaneously measured by the hydrogen
      clearance method in response to changes in PaCO2 and mean arterial blood pressure
      in rats anesthetized with pentobarbital. An excellent correlation was found
      between regional spinal and epidural blood flow over a physiological range of
      PaCO2 (27.8-66.7 torr) and blood pressure (30-130 torr), while a poor correlation
      was demonstrated between regional spinal or epidural blood flow and regional
      muscle blood flow in response to these same physiological parameters. Moreover,
      the rates of change in regional spinal and epidural blood flows were almost the
      same in response to both PaCO2 and blood pressure. These results suggest that
      both regional spinal and epidural blood flow are regulated by a similar mechanism
      and suggest that regional spinal cord blood flow can be monitored by regional
      epidural blood flow.

PMID- 3686590
TI  - Early component changes in corticomotor evoked potentials following experimental
      stroke.
AB  - Corticomotor evoked potentials have recently been used in experimental animals
      and patients as a measure of neurologic function after stroke. However, little is
      known about the fundamental electrophysiologic properties contributing to the
      formation of these potentials. To define some of these properties, corticomotor
      evoked potentials were recorded from the contralateral hindlimb in response to
      transcortical stimulation in cats anesthetized with halothane. These potentials
      were obtained hourly for 6 hours after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Four
      major identifiable components were recorded in control responses. Immediately
      after infarction, all component amplitudes were significantly attenuated.
      However, after approximately 5 hours, the early latency components exceeded
      control values; late latency components were also increased. Corresponding
      somatosensory evoked potentials were abolished and did not return throughout the
      recording session. Based on classic neurophysiologic studies, the amplitude
      increment can be explained as combined activation of low-threshold brainstem
      facilitatory centers and/or direct activation of subcortical axonal pathways.
      With further study, corticomotor evoked potentials may be a valuable adjunct to
      current electrophysiologic monitoring techniques, particularly with regard to
      defining the extent and location of an infarct, as well as to assessing
      functional recovery.

PMID- 3686589
TI  - Spatial relations of dorsal anastomoses and lesion border after middle cerebral
      artery occlusion.
AB  - Occlusion of the middle cerebral artery invariably results in infarction of
      tissue in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). To determine if
      the lesion border extends beyond the territory of the occluded middle cerebral
      artery or if the lesion enlarges with time after the occlusion, spatial relations
      of the lesion and the primary anastomosing collateral branches were investigated.
      Measurements were made 1 day (n = 8) or 21 days (n = 8) after occlusion in 5-8
      week-old SHRSP brains marked by triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) or tissue
      atrophy. After 1 day of occlusion, the border between TTC-marked and -unmarked
      tissue was parallel to, and without spatial displacement from, the medial border
      of infarcted tissue measured 21 days after the occlusion. Thus, the TTC border
      accurately localizes the medial border of ischemic tissue that progresses to
      atrophy. The lesion border was 1.16 +/- 0.04 mm downstream from the anastomoses,
      and the mean distance was not significantly different in frontal, parietal, or
      rostral occipital regions or between the 2 groups of rats. Thus, a small but
      significant amount of tissue between the anastomoses and the lesion border was
      protected against infarction after middle cerebral artery occlusion in SHRSP.
      After 21 days of occlusion, the dorsal anastomoses were enlarged, bilaterally
      symmetric in position but not size, and without displacement from the anastomoses
      in 1-Day rats. Large-diameter anastomoses were further from the lesion than small
      diameter anastomoses in both groups of rats, thus indicating that protection is
      greater near large anastomoses than near small ones.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3686591
TI  - Selective proprioceptive loss from a thalamic lacunar stroke.
AB  - In an elderly woman a small thalamic infarct, documented by computed tomography
      and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, caused proprioceptive loss
      contralaterally without impairment of other sensory modalities. This patient, the
      first so reported, demonstrates the anatomic separation of spinothalamic and
      dorsal column/medial lemniscus sensory modalities in the human thalamus.

PMID- 3686592
TI  - Cerebral blood flow asymmetries in headache-free migraineurs.
AB  - Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) asymmetries were studied in controls and
      patients with common and classic/complicated migraine using 133Xe inhalation with
      8 homologously situated external collimators over each cerebral hemisphere.
      Migraine patients as a group more frequently had posterior rCBF asymmetries than
      controls (p less than 0.03). Although there were no differences in the number of
      anterior rCBF asymmetries, migraine patients had 2 or more asymmetric probe pairs
      more often than controls (p less than 0.02). The posterior rCBF asymmetries,
      consistent with the site of activation of many migraine attacks, may be related
      to more labile control of the cerebral circulation.

PMID- 3686593
TI  - Hematocrit and clinical outcome in acute cerebral infarction.
AB  - Hematocrits of 131 cerebral infarction cases were correlated with the outcome at
      2 weeks. Bivariate analysis showed that cases with more intense admission deficit
      had lower admission hematocrit and that cases with poorer outcome had lower Day 2
      and 4 hematocrits. However, multivariate analysis of several prognostic factors
      (including hematocrit, glycemia, blood pressure, age, and sex) showed that
      hematocrit was not independently related to outcome. Higher hematocrit thus is
      not indicative of less favorable short-term outcome.

PMID- 3686594
TI  - Proposed method for analyzing carotid endarterectomy results.

PMID- 3686595
TI  - Rupture of atheromatous plaque as a cause of thrombotic occlusion of the internal
      carotid artery.

PMID- 3686596
TI  - Risk factors for extracranial carotid artery atherosclerosis.
AB  - We related risk factors, cardiovascular symptoms, and coronary status to the
      extent of extracranial carotid atherosclerosis as measured by B-mode
      ultrasonography in 376 volunteers hospitalized for elective coronary angiography.
      In a first analysis, we correlated risk factors and cardiovascular symptoms with
      carotid atherosclerosis. Univariate analysis showed that relations between many
      continuous risk factors and carotid atherosclerosis were graded and consistent
      for men and women. Multivariate analysis identified 6 significant variables (age,
      hypertension, pack-years smoked, and inversely, plasma concentrations of high
      density lipoprotein cholesterol and uric acid, and Framingham Type A score) that
      together accounted for 35% of the variability in extent of carotid
      atherosclerosis. In a second multivariate analysis, addition of coronary status
      (presence or absence of coronary stenosis as evaluated by coronary angiography)
      to the roster of candidate independent variables produced a new equation that
      accounted for an additional 5% of the variability in carotid atherosclerosis
      extent. Although much of the variability in extent of carotid atherosclerosis
      remains unexplained, these data define an association between coronary and
      carotid atherosclerosis that depends partly on shared exposure of both arteries
      to the same risk factors. They are also consistent with the concept that as yet
      undiscovered risk factors and/or genetic (e.g., arterial wall) factors common to
      both arterial beds also contribute to the relation between coronary and carotid
      atherosclerosis in human beings.

PMID- 3686597
TI  - Clinical events following neuroangiography: a prospective study.
AB  - Clinical events following cerebral angiography were prospectively evaluated in
      1,002 procedures. The ischemic event rate between 0 and 24 hours was 1.3% (0.1%
      permanent). This incidence was higher (2.5%) in patients investigated for
      cerebrovascular disease, but the difference was not significant. In addition,
      1.8% of the patients suffered ischemia (0.3% permanent) between 24 and 72 hours
      after angiography. Cerebral ischemic events occurred as a recurrence or worsening
      of a preexisting phenomenon. twice as often as de novo. All permanent ischemia
      was a worsening of a preexisting phenomenon. There was a significant increase in
      the incidence of neurologic events between 0 and 24 hours when the procedure
      lasted longer than 60 minutes and when there was systolic hypertension. Trends
      toward higher incidence were noted with the use of increased volume of contrast,
      with increased serum creatinine, when transient ischemic attacks or stroke were
      the indications, and when 3 or more catheters were used. The incidence of
      neurologic events between 24 and 72 hours increased significantly with the
      increase in the amount of contrast used, with age, and with diabetes. The
      occurrence of nonneurologic events (mostly hematomas) was significantly increased
      by multiple factors. This study shows that events can and do occur beyond the
      usual observation period of 24 hours but confirms the low risk of cerebral
      angiography when performed judiciously.

PMID- 3686598
TI  - Reproductive risks in a community-based distribution program of oral
      contraceptives, Matamoros, Mexico.
AB  - A Reproductive Risk Factors Survey was carried out in 1982 in conjunction with a
      community-based distribution (CBD) program in Matamoros, Mexico, to determine
      whether the distribution of oral contraceptives to women through CBD programs
      exposes any demonstrable group of users to more health risks than if the program
      had not been put in place. The methodology involved interviews by nurses of
      program pill users and non-program pill users. Health indicators related to
      cardiovascular accidents were the main focus of comparison between the groups.
      The data indicate that respondents were well informed about their own health
      status, and, in terms of the conditions studied, program users were found to be
      similar in health status to non-program pill users whether or not they were ever
      examined for contraindications to pill use. The study indicates that this CBD
      program has not increased the risks associated with pill use for its clients and
      has, in fact, given protection from pregnancy to women who may otherwise not have
      had access to oral contraceptives.

PMID- 3686599
TI  - Contraceptive use and fertility in Honduras, 1981-84.
AB  - This paper presents data on contraceptive use and fertility in Honduras obtained
      from a household survey conducted in 1984, and compares these data with similar
      information obtained from surveys carried out in 1981 and 1983. About half of the
      increase that has taken place in contraceptive use in Honduras is accounted for
      by sterilization. In 1981, 27 percent of women in union aged 15-49 years were
      practicing contraception; in 1984, the percentage of those 15-44 was 35 percent.
      The increase in urban areas was smaller (from 47 percent to 51 percent) than in
      rural areas (from 16 percent to 24 percent). Also, fertility remained almost
      unchanged in urban areas while declining in rural areas. Information from
      questions on place of purchase, price, and brand of contraceptive (for orals) was
      used to determine source of supply. The use of multiple questions to determine
      source results in a higher percentage of contraceptive use attributed to the
      Honduran Family Planning Association as compared with answers to a single
      question. The duration of breastfeeding in Honduras has increased, with the
      greatest changes occurring among women in urban areas and women with the highest
      levels of education. Efforts have been made to promote breastfeeding in urban
      areas and these results suggest that the efforts have been successful.

PMID- 3686601
TI  - [Ratio of the mass of epicardial fat to age, nutritional status and disease in
      the individual].

PMID- 3686600
TI  - [Diagnosis of death from reflex heart arrest].

PMID- 3686602
TI  - [Possible use of the electrocardiogram (ECG) in forensic medicine personal
      identification].

PMID- 3686604
TI  - [Detection of the group antigen A1 in stains of saliva and sperm mixed with blood
      by immunoelectrophoresis methods].

PMID- 3686603
TI  - [Stereoscopic schlieren photogrammetry in identifying the instrument causing
      trauma].

PMID- 3686605
TI  - [Ionization constants in toxicological chemical research].

PMID- 3686606
TI  - [Determination of the rate of speed and the flight range of particles of
      gunpowder and metal in shots from rifled and smooth-bore weapons].

PMID- 3686607
TI  - [Conditions for extracting verapamil from aqueous solutions].

PMID- 3686608
TI  - [Isolation, detection and determination of fluorouracil in cadaveric material].

PMID- 3686609
TI  - [Determination of ajmaline in biological matter].

PMID- 3686610
TI  - [Determination of preparation UP-583 in biological matter].

PMID- 3686611
TI  - [Targeted program of research work on the problem of Forensic Expertise in
      Alcoholic Intoxication and prospects for increasing the effectiveness of this
      research].

PMID- 3686612
TI  - [Organization and performance of hospital forensic psychiatric expertise].

PMID- 3686613
TI  - [Method for the transcutaneous puncture of cadaveric organs and tissues for
      conducting electron microscopy research].

PMID- 3686614
TI  - [Determination of carboxyhemoglobin in the bone marrow].

PMID- 3686616
TI  - [X-ray determination of bone fractures of the skull and cervical spine in the
      forensic medical expertise of accident victims].

PMID- 3686615
TI  - [Injuries by paraffin-immersed shells from a smooth-bore firearm].

PMID- 3686617
TI  - [The phenomenon of the wearing away of soft tissue, bone, clothing and shoes when
      cadavers stay in water].

PMID- 3686618
TI  - [Fatal nevigramon poisoning].

PMID- 3686619
TI  - [Characteristics of the entry gunshot wound to the flat cranial bones by an
      unjacketed bullet in a 90-degree shot from a small-gauge TOZ-8 rifle of 5.6-mm
      caliber].

PMID- 3686621
TI  - Suicide among American Indian adolescents: an overview.
AB  - Suicide has become a major concern of many Indian tribes and pueblos, as the
      rates in these tribes have increased dramatically in the last decade. One of the
      critical research questions is how to explain the vastly different rates of
      adolescent suicide among tribes. Research has identified some common patterns in
      experience and behavior among Indian adolescent suicides; these patterns are
      similar in many ways to those found in Los Angeles suicide research of Teicher
      (1979). Chronic versus acute stress factors in suicide are examined. Recent
      research has also identified a number of factors characterizing tribes with high
      suicide rates; these include failure to adhere to traditional ways of living, to
      traditional religion, and to clans and societies, and the resulting chaotic
      family structure and adult alcoholism. The roles of adoption of Indian children,
      boarding schools, and high unemployment in many tribes are also discussed.
      Suicide prevention and intervention programs are briefly described.

PMID- 3686620
TI  - Female suicide and wife abuse: a cross-cultural perspective.
AB  - Data from a number of societies, including North America, indicate that wife
      abuse may be one of the most significant precipitants of female suicide.
      Anthropological analysis indicates that in some societies female suicide is a
      culturally recognized behavior that enables the weak to influence the strong
      and/or take revenge on those who oppress them. Case studies from West New Britain
      Province in Papua New Guinea and comparisons with data from other societies
      suggest that if a woman's support group does not defend her when she is the
      victim of violence that passes the bounds of normative behavior, her suicide may
      be revenge suicide, intended to force others to take vengeance on the abusive
      husband. Research focused on the relationship between domestic violence and
      female suicide should be a priority of anthropologists as well as suicidologists.

PMID- 3686622
TI  - An empirical investigation of Shneidman's formulations regarding suicide: age and
      sex.
AB  - This study of suicide notes, concerning the demographic variables of age and sex,
      involved the deduction of 50 classifications (protocol sentences) that reflected
      important aspects of Shneidman's formulations with regard to suicide. Independent
      judges noted the incidence of contents corresponding to the protocol sentences in
      the notes left by 60 suicides-20 notes written by individuals (females and males)
      in each of the three categories of Young, Middle, and Late Adulthood. Age
      (notably in regard to Young Adults), but not sex, was found to be a critical
      discriminating variable on a number of specific classifications and clusters of
      these classifications (Perturbation, Relations, Cognitions Regarding Self, and
      Long-Term Instability), although considerable similarities were also noted across
      the adult life span. Implications of the results are discussed.

PMID- 3686623
TI  - Cognitive rigidity in suicide attempters.
AB  - A number of investigators have reported evidence of cognitive rigidity in suicide
      attempters (e.g., Levenson & Neuringer, 1971; Neuringer, 1964; Patsiokas, Clum, &
      Luscomb, 1979). It is important to note, however, that in all of the studies that
      found suicide attempters to be rigid, the test batteries had been administered to
      persons during their period of hospitalization immediately following a suicide
      attempt-thus, presumably, while they were still in the crisis period. The present
      study was designed as a step toward determining whether cognitive rigidity is a
      personality trait of suicide attempters or simply a transient characteristic
      limited to the crisis period. We administered tests for rigidity to persons who
      had attempted suicide but were well past the crisis period. These persons were
      less rigid than attempters from previous studies on the Rokeach Map Test (p less
      than .05) and the Alternate Uses Test (p less than .001). The implication is that
      if indeed there is a suicidal personality, rigidity is not a defining trait.

PMID- 3686624
TI  - [The new (old) poor].

PMID- 3686625
TI  - [Postoperative care following hip fracture in a hospital or a psychogeriatric
      nursing home? A comparative study of short or long-stay demented hospitalized
      elderly].
AB  - In this article the question under discussion is, whether a short stay in
      hospital, for an inmate of a psychogeriatric nursing home with a hip-fracture,
      shows better results for mortality, morbidity and mobility than a long stay. Two
      matched groups, of 27 inmates each, have been compared retrospectively. The first
      remained in hospital for a week or more (long stay), the second for a period of
      less than a week (short stay). There was no significant difference in mortality
      risk between both groups. There were less urinary infections in the short-stay
      group and one month after the operation mobility was better. Decubitus, wound
      infection and bronchopneumonia appeared equally frequent. The results justify to
      continue the policy in this nursing home. More research in other nursing homes is
      pleaded.

PMID- 3686626
TI  - [Clinical observation in a nursing home. The "gold standard" is lacking].

PMID- 3686627
TI  - Forty years of gerontological research in The Netherlands. A comment on some
      topics.

PMID- 3686628
TI  - Leishmaniasis in Brazil. XXIV. Natural flagellate infections of sandflies
      (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Para State, with particular reference to the role of
      Psychodopygus wellcomei as the vector of Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis in
      the Serra dos Carajas.
AB  - Between July 1983 and December 1984 natural flagellate infections were found in
      114 (1%) of 11,586 female phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) of 21
      species. A further 1084 females of 17 other species were not infected.
      Identification of the organisms on a number of occasions confirms the exclusive
      parasite/vector relationship of Leishmania mexicana amazonensis/Lutzomyia
      flaviscutellata and Le. braziliensis braziliensis/Psychodopygus "wellcomei".
      Undescribed or unidentified Leishmania spp. were isolated from Lu. shawi, Lu.
      ubiquitalis, Lu. whitmani, Ps. hirsutus, Ps. paraensis Ps. "wellcomei", and
      trypanosomes from Lu. nordestina and Lu. trinidadensis. Flagellate infections
      were recorded in 8 of 21 species examined for the first time, and some were
      isolated directly from insects into cultures. Le. b. braziliensis was transmitted
      to a hamster by the bite of a wild-caught, naturally infected Ps. "wellcomei". 7
      of the 35 infected Ps. "wellcomei" were allowed to oviposit and the eggs were
      reared to adults. Four produced Ps. wellcomei males only, confirming the role of
      this species as the major vector of Le. b. braziliensis.

PMID- 3686629
TI  - An outbreak of leishmaniasis with unusual presentation in Shiraz, Iran.

PMID- 3686630
TI  - Neurocysticercosis in childhood.
AB  - Manifestations of cysticercosis in 11 children (mean age 9.5 years) are
      presented. Features of raised intracranial pressure dominated the clinical
      picture (10 cases), followed by seizures (7 cases). Subretinal cysts occurred in
      three children. Focal signs were infrequent and often not attributable to
      anatomical lesions. Electro-encephalograms were invariably abnormal, but did not
      help to localize lesions. Plain roentgenograms of the skull showed sutural
      diastasis in the majority. Computerized tomography revealed white matter oedema
      with throttled ventricles in 6 patients and single localized lesions in 3 others.
      None had hydrocephalus. Histopathology and indirect haemagglutination test aided
      diagnosis in 6 cases. Two children recovered completely, one after surgical
      excision of a parietal lobe cyst and the other following praziquantel therapy.
      Half of the remaining patients improved spontaneously.

PMID- 3686631
TI  - Predicting enteric fever without bacteriological culture results.
AB  - We used Bayes' theorem to calculate the probability of enteric fever in 260
      patients presenting with undiagnosed fever, without recourse to blood or stool
      culture results. These individuals were divided into 110 patients with enteric
      fever (63 culture positive, 47 culture negative) and 150 patients with other
      causes of fever. Comparison of the frequencies of occurrence of 19 clinical and
      laboratory events, said to be helpful in the diagnosis of enteric fever, in the
      two groups revealed that only 8 events were significantly more frequent in
      enteric fever. These were: a positive Widal test at a screening dilution of 1:40;
      a peak temperature greater than = 39 degrees C; previous treatment for the fever;
      a white blood cell count less than 9 X 10(6)/litre; a polymorphonuclear leucocyte
      count less than 3.5 X 10(6)/litre; splenomegaly; fever duration greater than 7 d;
      and hepatomegaly. When the probability of enteric fever was determined
      prospectively in 110 patients, using only 6 of these discriminating events, the
      probability of patients with a positive prediction having enteric fever
      (diagnostic specificity) was 0.80 (95% confidence interval: 0.68 to 0.91) and the
      probability of those with a negative prediction not having enteric fever
      (diagnostic sensitivity) was 0.92 (0.85 to 0.99). Using all 19 events did not
      alter the diagnostic specificity or diagnostic sensitivity. This study shows that
      a small number of clinical and laboratory features can objectively discriminate
      enteric fever from other causes of fever in the majority of patients. Calculating
      the probability of enteric fever can aid in diagnosis, when culturing for
      salmonella is either unavailable or is negative.

PMID- 3686632
TI  - Antibody responses to Fermi antirabies vaccine in 21 patients bitten by a rabid
      jackal.
AB  - In a village in Upper Egypt, 21 persons were bitten by a rabid jackal. All
      received antirabies vaccine of the Fermi type within a few hours after the
      exposure. Antirabies hyperimmune serum was not administered. Three of the 21
      victims died on days 16, 17 and 27 after exposure. Blood samples were obtained
      from 19 of the 21 bitten persons 5 days after completion of a series of 20
      vaccine doses. Sera were tested for rabies antibodies by the indirect fluorescent
      antibody test (IFAT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. All 19
      persons developed rabies antibodies detectable by these techniques. IFAT titres
      ranged from 128 to greater than or equal to 1024. ELISA antiglycoprotein titres
      were generally low, ranging from 0.7 to 18 iu/ml of serum.

PMID- 3686633
TI  - A retrospective study of nine years' hospital records of schistosomiasis in north
      eastern Nigeria.
AB  - We have studied reports of new cases at 11 State Government Hospitals in the
      state of Borno, over a period of 9 years from 1976 to 1984. Urinary
      schistosomiasis was the second most common communicable disease, while intestinal
      schistosomiasis ranked sixth. The rise in prevalence of schistosomiasis since
      1979 probably reflects increased public awareness of the beneficial role of
      hospitals. The decline in the number of cases seeking treatment in 1982 and 1983
      may be due to the decline in rainfall and thus of agricultural and fishing
      activities involving contaminated irrigation ponds.

PMID- 3686634
TI  - Viral hepatitis and pregnancy in Kuwait.
AB  - The frequency and severity of viral hepatitis among pregnant and non-pregnant
      women in Kuwait was studied from 1980 to 1984. 542 female hepatitis patients were
      investigated, of whom 52 (9.6%) were pregnant. 35 of the 52 (67.3%) cases of
      viral hepatitis in pregnancy were due to hepatitis B virus while 11 of 52 (21.2%)
      and 6 of 52 (11.5%) had acute hepatitis non-A, non-B (NANB) and hepatitis A virus
      infections, respectively. The frequency and severity of viral hepatitis among the
      pregnant women was similar to that among non-pregnant women. Hepatitis did not
      have a deleterious effect on pregnancy and no death was recorded. Fulminant acute
      NANB hepatitis was seen in only one patient, who recovered completely.

PMID- 3686635
TI  - Heterogeneity in the responses of clones of Giardia intestinalis to anti-giardial
      drugs.
AB  - Clones of two stocks of Giardia intestinalis have been tested by the
      [3H]thymidine uptake assay to determine their sensitivity to metronidazole,
      tinidazole, furazolidone and quinacrine. Each stock was not homogeneous with
      respect to drug sensitivity but was composed of different populations of
      organisms. Doubling times of lines derived from clones of a stock did not vary
      significantly. These findings may, in part, account for treatment failures in
      human giardiasis patients.

PMID- 3686637
TI  - Opisthorchis viverrini infection in rural and urban communities in northeast
      Thailand.
AB  - The prevalence and intensity of liver-fluke (Opisthorchis viverrini) infection
      were investigated among 559 patients who were born in, and had lived all their
      lives in, either the rural or urban northeastern Thailand. 344 (79.4%) of 433
      rural dwellers were infected compared with only 69 (54.8%) of 126 urban dwellers
      (P less than 0.005). The intensity of infection, and the reported level of
      consumption of koi-pla, a favourite dish of local inhabitants prepared from
      uncooked freshwater fish which often contains viable metacercariae, were greater
      among rural dwellers than their urban counterparts (P less than 0.05 to P less
      than 0.005). Infection due to O. viverrini appears to be mainly a rural problem
      strongly associated with the habit and frequency of eating koi-pla.

PMID- 3686636
TI  - Trypanosoma b. brucei: a culture medium reverting a monomorphic to a pleomorphic
      strain.
AB  - A monomorphic strain of Trypanosoma b. brucei cultured for 5 days at 37 degrees C
      in Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium (with or without feeder cells) supplemented
      with Nu-Serum became pleomorphic after inoculation into mice. Dividing stumpy
      forms were still seen in blood after the third mouse passage. The strain remained
      monomorphic when cultured in the medium supplemented with foetal calf serum. This
      supports the hypothesis that some slender forms, under certain conditions, have
      the genetic capability of transforming into stumpy forms which can multiply by
      binary fission in the mammalian host.

PMID- 3686638
TI  - Micronutrient deficiencies in the aetiology of anaemia in a rural area in The
      Gambia.
AB  - Early studies in a rural community in The Gambia led to reports of anaemia in
      certain sections of the population. More recent investigations concerned with
      identifying micronutrient deficiencies have elaborated these earlier findings.
      The major determinant of anaemia is an iron deficiency, leading to a microcytic
      hypochromic haematological picture. However, riboflavin deficiency, which is very
      widespread, and which leads to clinical signs in some subjects, appears to impose
      some limitations on absorption and utilization of iron. A subclinical deficiency
      of ascorbic acid is also observed and this may further compromise iron status. In
      addition very poor folate status leads to a macrocytosis in some individuals and
      may limit the haematological response to iron supplementation.

PMID- 3686639
TI  - The occurrence of the bedbugs Cimex hemipterus and Cimex lectularius in northern
      Natal and KwaZulu, South Africa.
AB  - Two species of anthropophilic bedbugs, Cimex lectularius and C. hemipterus,
      infest dwellings in KwaZulu, the known range of the latter extending to 28
      degrees 15'S. C. hemipterus is the more common species in KwaZulu north of 27
      degrees 15'. The pattern of distribution of C. hemipterus in South Africa is
      consistent with the species requiring a tropical climate, being a more recent
      invader than C. lectularius, and being able to thrive sympatrically with the
      latter species.

PMID- 3686640
TI  - Systemic fungal and nocardial infections in a tropical environment.

PMID- 3686641
TI  - Development of Trypanosoma brucei in suckling mouse brain following intracerebral
      injection.
AB  - Intracerebral inoculation of Trypanosoma b. brucei and T. b. rhodesiense into
      suckling mice produced infection of brain tissue which subsequently gave rise to
      an infection of the blood and other tissues, in which a normal histopathological
      picture was observed. Treatment of other intracerebrally infected sucklings with
      5 mg/kg diminazene aceturate (Berenil) to clear the infection from the blood
      permitted a study of the course of the infection in the brain without
      interference from pathological processes induced by bloodstream infections. There
      was rapid multiplication and migration of trypanosomes throughout the brain of
      mice. Pathological processes normally seen in experimental central nervous system
      infections were absent, except in a single mouse treated earlier with Berenil
      which developed meningo-encephalitis with trypanosomes present in the choroid
      plexus. The possible use of such a model system in chemotherapeutic studies is
      discussed.

PMID- 3686643
TI  - Antisickling agent in an extract of unripe pawpaw fruit (Carica papaya).

PMID- 3686642
TI  - Determination of minimum effective concentration of praziquantel in in vitro
      cultures of protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus.
AB  - The minimum effective concentration of praziquantel against protoscoleces of
      Echinococcus granulosus (ovine strain) was determined in vitro; 20
      micrograms/litre gave statistically significant results. No difference was seen
      between the sensitivity of ovine and equine protoscoleces at 50 micrograms/litre.
      Morphological observations on treated protocsoleces and passage into gerbils both
      suggested that the eosin-exclusion technique overestimates viability. Electron
      microscopy of treated protoscoleces showed severe, disruptive tegumentary damage.
      Praziquantel is thus an extremely active protoscolicidal agent that may have an
      important peri-operative role in preventing recurrence.

PMID- 3686645
TI  - Quality control for rural laboratories in south-west Tanzania.

PMID- 3686644
TI  - A simple new technique for measuring snail diameter.

PMID- 3686646
TI  - Serodiagnosis of human toxocariasis.

PMID- 3686647
TI  - American visceral leishmaniasis: on the origin of Leishmania (Leishmania)
      chagasi.

PMID- 3686648
TI  - Occurrence of the savanna species of the Simulium damnosum complex in Liberia.

PMID- 3686649
TI  - Viral haemorrhagic fever seroepidemiology in Mauritania.

PMID- 3686650
TI  - Acute jaundice in Zimbabwean children.

PMID- 3686651
TI  - Prevalence of hepatitis B markers in Mauritania.

PMID- 3686652
TI  - Greetings--a final look back with comments about a policy of a zero-risk blood
      supply.

PMID- 3686653
TI  - Predicting the clinical significance of red cell alloantibodies using a monocyte
      monolayer assay.
AB  - Few data have been published that correlate in vitro monocyte monolayer assays
      (MMA) and red cell (RBC) survival in patients with alloantibodies of unknown
      significance. Over the past 6 years we gathered clinical correlations in 12
      patients with the following antibodies: anti-Lan (three patients), -Ge (three
      patients), -Yta (five patients), and -Ytb (one patient). RBC survival was
      estimated using 51Cr studies in seven patients and follow-up of transfusion of
      incompatible blood in the other five. Six patients with no evidence of RBC
      destruction had negative MMA findings (anti-Lan [one patient], -Ge [two
      patients], and -Yta [three patients]). Five patients with evidence of in vivo RBC
      destruction had significant MMA results. The two clinically significant anti-Lans
      required fresh serum to give a meaningful MMA result. One patient (anti-Ytb) had
      an MMA result of borderline significance--normal 51Cr RBC survival at 1 hour--but
      a reduced T50Cr. The MMA we used appeared to predict the clinical outcome of
      transfusion in every patient with antibodies to high-frequency antigens whom we
      tested.

PMID- 3686654
TI  - Hemolytic warm IgM autoagglutinins in autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
AB  - The authors report a patient with fulminant autoimmune hemolytic anemia due to a
      rare warm IgM autoagglutinin more reactive at 37 degrees C than at lower
      temperatures and secondary to systemic lupus erythematosis. The patient's
      clinical course and the serologic and immunochemical characteristics of the
      antibody are described, including the possibility that transfusions of small
      amounts of incompatible red cells may have contributed to the hemolysis. The
      consequences of using the initial serologic test results as the basis for therapy
      are discussed.

PMID- 3686655
TI  - Anti-Ata causing mild hemolytic disease of the newborn.
AB  - We report here a case of moderately severe hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)
      due to anti-Ata. The gravida 5 proposita was group A rr and previously was found
      to have anti-Ata and -D. At the 35-week mark of this pregnancy, her anti-Ata
      demonstrated a titer of 256, score 79. Fluid obtained by amniocentesis at 36
      weeks showed an optical density at 450 nm of 0.08 (midzone). The baby was
      delivered at 38 weeks by cesarean section. The cord cells were group A rr with a
      3+ direct antiglobulin test. The dichloromethane eluate of the infant's cells
      demonstrated anti-Ata specificity only. At birth, the infant's total bilirubin
      (TB) was 2.1 mg per dl and the hematocrit level (Hct) was 33.8 percent. Within 8
      hours, the TB had risen to 3.8 mg per dl. Phototherapy was initiated at 7-1/2
      hours and maintained for 40 hours. The infant's TB rose to a maximum level of
      10.5 mg per dl 24 hours after phototherapy was discontinued. At discharge 4 days
      postpartum, the infant's TB had dropped to 9.2 mg per dl, and the Hct value was
      38 percent. On a visit 7 days postpartum, the infant's TB level had fallen to 6.5
      mg per dl and the hct value was 38 percent. Transfusions were not necessary.

PMID- 3686656
TI  - The Yt blood groups in Israeli Jews, Arabs, and Druse.
AB  - The Yta and Ytb allelic frequencies were determined by examining the red cells of
      1683 blood samples from Israeli Jews, Arabs, and Druse with anti-Yta and -Ytb.
      The Ytb allelic frequencies ranged between 0.1005 and 0.1522 in the Jewish
      communities and were 0.1294 and 0.1429 in the Arab and Druse communities,
      respectively. These are the highest Ytb allelic frequencies observed so far in
      any population tested, so the Yt blood group system can be used as a genetic
      marker in these populations. No factors were recognized that may have influenced
      the selection for the Ytb allele.

PMID- 3686658
TI  - Screening and evaluation of blood donors with upper-limit hematocrit levels.
AB  - Eighty-one consecutive repeat male blood donors with hematocrit levels ranging
      from 0.49 to 0.54 underwent hematologic investigation, blood gas analysis, and
      respiratory function tests in order to ascertain whether they represent the upper
      end of the reference distribution or have underlying causes of erythrocytosis.
      Three of the 81 (3.7%) proved to have early-stage polycythemia rubra vera, nine
      (11.1%) to have erythrocytosis secondary to respiratory failure, and two (2.4%)
      to have relative erythrocytosis due to reduced plasma volume. Detection and
      evaluation of blood donors with high hematocrit values are ways in which blood
      banks could contribute to health screening and become involved in preventive
      medicine.

PMID- 3686657
TI  - The occurrence of precipitating antibodies in transfused Japanese patients with
      hereditary ninth component of complement deficiency and frequency of C9
      deficiency.
AB  - Antibodies to the ninth component of complement (C9) were found in a patient with
      hereditary C9 deficiency (C9D) who had received multiple transfusions. The
      incidence of anti-C9 precipitating antibodies following transfusion was
      investigated in 63,625 patients treated at Kyushu University Hospital, and
      475,886 blood donors at the Fukuoka Red Cross Blood Center were studied to
      determine the frequency of C9D in Japan. Transfusion reactions in recipients
      having anti-C9 were also monitored. One hundred and eighty-six subjects (15
      patients and 171 donors) with C9D were identified (a prevalence of 0.036%). Four
      of 15 C9-deficient patients had received transfusions. One of the patients who
      had received several units of blood within 1 week developed low-titer C9
      precipitating antibody. This patient was transfused in the presence of the
      antibody without evidence of adverse reactions. No precipitating antibody was
      detected in the remaining three patients who had received several units of blood
      on a single day. These observations suggest that multiple transfusions may
      contribute to the development of anti-C9.

PMID- 3686659
TI  - Characteristics of a donor population in western Venezuela.
AB  - To determine the characteristics of blood donors in western Venezuela, we
      collected data from 1983 to 1985 on 31,320 volunteer donors at the Blood Bank of
      the State of Zulia in Maracaibo. Fifty-nine percent of the donors were blood
      group O, 30 percent were group A, 9 percent were group B, and 2 percent were
      group AB. Most of the donors (93%) were Rh positive. One percent of donors had
      positive reactions to hepatitis B surface antigen, 3.15 percent for syphilis,
      1.43 percent for antibodies to Trypanosoma cruzi, and 0.32 percent to human
      immunodeficiency virus antibodies. About one-half of the donors were between 18
      and 30 years old, and only 10 percent were women. To determine if iron deficiency
      anemia was a cause for the small size of the female donor pool, we measured serum
      ferritin in 50 first-time female donors. Ten of these (20%) had serum ferritin
      values below normal, and the distribution of serum ferritin levels of all 50 was
      very similar to that reported for frequent donors in Europe and the United
      States, with a clustering of ferritin values between 10 and 70 ng per ml. The
      data indicate that blood donors in western Venezuela are markedly different from
      those in the United States and that iron supplementation may be indicated for
      female Venezuelan donors.

PMID- 3686660
TI  - Liquid storage at 4 degrees C of previously frozen red cells.
AB  - Fresh human blood was collected in citrate-phosphate-dextrose, frozen by a high
      glycerol technique, and stored at -80 degrees C. The red cells were thawed,
      deglycerolized, and resuspended in a final wash solution, ADSOL (Fenwal
      Laboratories), or an additive solution (AS) containing glucose, adenine,
      mannitol, and phosphate. The cells were then stored at 4 to 6 degrees C for 21
      days and assayed weekly for adenosine triphosphate and 2,3 diphosphoglycerate,
      pH, glucose use, and lysis. AS and, to a lesser extent, ADSOL produced metabolic
      profiles similar to or better than profiles of cells not frozen and stored in
      commercially available additive solutions. AS offers a potential post-thaw
      preservative solution for red cells that would greatly increase the flexibility
      and reduce the expense of using frozen blood. A sterile post-thaw storage
      capability will make the stockpiling of frozen red cells a practical concept for
      both military and civilian blood banks.

PMID- 3686661
TI  - Comparison of autosurge versus surge protocols for discontinuous-flow
      centrifugation plateletapheresis.
AB  - Autosurge is a new, highly automated protocol for collecting platelets by
      centrifugation plateletapheresis. It was developed to allow optimal cell
      collections with less operator effort than was required with the earlier,
      standard Surge protocol. The authors compared the cellular content of 201
      platelet concentrates prepared by Surge with that of 120 concentrates prepared by
      Autosurge by the same group of operators, using the same cell separator. Platelet
      yields were similar (p = 0.775) for both protocols (mean X 10(-11) were 3.54 and
      3.57 for Surge and Autosurge, respectively) and when subdivided according to
      preapheresis donor blood platelet counts, hematocrits, and leukocyte counts.
      Although platelet yields were comparable in concentrates prepared by either
      protocol, high donor hematocrit had less adverse effect on platelet yield when
      the Autosurge protocol was used. The composition of concentrates differed between
      protocols in that leukocytes contamination was significantly less (p less than
      0.001) in units collected by Autosurge (3.4 X 10(8)) than in those collected by
      Surge (5.8 X 10(8)). Operator involvement can be less intense with Autosurge
      because the protocol includes automatic adjustment of cell separator settings for
      optimal plateletapheresis. The results of the direct comparison study were
      confirmed by data from 509 additional plateletapheresis procedures performed
      during routine blood center operation. Autosurge should replace Surge because the
      former easily produces platelet concentrates that contain fewer leukocytes
      without compromising platelet yields.

PMID- 3686662
TI  - The progressive decrease in the proportion of blood donors with antibody to the
      human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

PMID- 3686663
TI  - Serial spousal directed blood donations.

PMID- 3686664
TI  - Is look-back doing the job?

PMID- 3686665
TI  - Preparation of leukocyte-depleted red cells by filtration.

PMID- 3686666
TI  - 2-Aminoethylisothiouronium bromide-treated red cells and the Lutheran antigens
      Lua and Lub.

PMID- 3686667
TI  - [Structure of the inguinal gland in the mountain hare in various states of
      reproductive activity. I. The sebaceous glands].
AB  - Histology and ultrastructure of sebaceous glands of the integumental inguinal
      gland of the hare were studied during the periods of low and high reproductive
      activity (in winter and in spring breeding season). It was established that the
      glands were functioning continually (cells in acini of all the animals used
      contained numerous secretory granules). The expansion of agranular endoplasmic
      reticulum and Golgi complex in secretory cells of sexually active animals,
      especially of males, shows an increased intensity of gland secretory process
      during the breeding season.

PMID- 3686668
TI  - [Effect of a pH change in the medium and cytoplasm of cultured cells on the
      rhythm of protein synthesis].
AB  - A circahoral rhythm of protein syntheses similar to that in monolayer hepatocytes
      was discovered in cell culture of Chinese hamster fibroblasts. Studies on the
      effects of pH changes in the culture medium and cultured cells on different
      parameters of protein synthesis showed some pH-dependent changes of predecessor
      pool and of its incorporation intensity into proteins. At the same time changes
      in a relative incorporation of the predecessor into proteins (with a correction
      for the pool) were insignificant. This value characterizing the productivity of
      protein synthesis does not seem to be directly associated with pH changes in the
      cells. The mean period of the rhythm of protein synthesis and intracellular pH
      was not changed with medium pH alterations.

PMID- 3686669
TI  - [Actin and tubulin synthesis in monolayer and suspension cultures of murine L
      cells].
AB  - The rates of total protein, actin and tubulin synthesis were studied for
      monolayer (L-929) and suspension (LS) cultures of mouse L cell. Data on pulse 34S
      label incorporation into the cellular protein pool show that LS characterized by
      a short cell cycle have, comparatively to L-929, higher rates of protein
      synthesis and phosphorylation. According to PAGE data, the level of actin and
      tubulin synthesis in suspension line exceeds that in monolayer one. The
      correlation between growth conditions, biosynthetic parameters and dynamics of
      cytoskeleton is discussed.

PMID- 3686670
TI  - [Characteristics of the changes in the natural killer activity of peripheral
      blood lymphocytes during pregnancy].
AB  - The influence of blood plasma of women of the 1st and 3rd pregnancy trimester and
      of cord blood on natural killer (NK) activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes of
      non-pregnant women was investigated. The maximum suppressive activity on NK was
      observed with plasma of pregnant women of the 3rd trimester with low NK-activity.
      Data suggesting the involvement of estradiol in this suppressive activity was
      obtained. No suppressive activity of cord blood plasma was found despite the low
      NK-activity of cord blood.

PMID- 3686671
TI  - [Changes in the leukocyte phagocytic activity of donor blood after its UV
      irradiation. I. Its relation to the irradiation dose and initial level of
      phagocytic activity].
AB  - Phagocytic activity of human mono- and granulocytes increased markedly after UV
      blood irradiation in the apparatus "Izolda" used in hospitals of the USSR for
      medical treatment. With the rise of irradiation dose the ratio of cells ingesting
      latex particles increased, although the average number of particles ingested per
      cell decreased. The integrative phagocytic index poorly depended on the
      irradiation dose. In patients with a low initial level of phagocytic index, after
      UV blood irradiation it became more pronounced than in those with the initial
      elevated level. The enhancement of phagocytic activity is the result of a direct
      UV-stimulation of cells. This stimulation not mediated by irradiated blood plasma
      is known to inhibit the phagocytic activity of leucocytes. A possible mechanism
      of phagocytic activity stimulation is discussed.

PMID- 3686672
TI  - [Production of glycerinated models of muscle fibers with phosphorylated myosin
      light chains].
AB  - A simple method for obtaining glycerinated muscle fibres of m. psoas of rabbit
      containing regulatory myosin light chains (LC2) of different levels of
      phosphorylation. The glycerination conditions stimulated endogenic kinase LC2 or
      phosphatase LC2. Glycerinated muscle fibres contained phosphorylated and
      dephosphorylated (levels of phosphorylation are 95 +/- 5%, and 5 +/- 5%,
      respectively) LC2 of myosin. To determine the level of phosphorylation the method
      of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in 8 M urea was modified.

PMID- 3686673
TI  - [An automated unit for manual photometry and morphometry].
AB  - An automated unit for manually controlled photometry and morphometry is
      described. It enables the operator to carry out photometrical measurements
      according to the plug-method and morphometrical measurements with the help of an
      object-micrometer or some kind of a grid. The data obtained are stored in the
      "Elektronika D3-28" microcomputer to be statistically evaluated after the end of
      sampling. New variables can be obtained defined by the user as a product of some
      source variables or their inverses. The data and control structures of the system
      are described in detail.

PMID- 3686674
TI  - Compliance, resistance and cost: major considerations in tuberculosis control.
      Proceedings of a special symposium. Singapore, November 5, 1986.

PMID- 3686675
TI  - Compliance with anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy in developing countries.

PMID- 3686676
TI  - Compliance in developed nations.

PMID- 3686677
TI  - Compliance in relation to tuberculosis.

PMID- 3686678
TI  - Breast cancer diagnosis under the age of forty years.
AB  - The authors report on a multicentric consecutive series of 382 cases of primary
      breast cancer detected before the age of 40 years. Physical examination (PE) was
      always performed, whereas other diagnostic tests were performed in selected
      cases, namely mammography (M) in 334, fine needle aspiration cytology (CYT) in
      188 and thermography (TH) in 123 cases. Single tests showed a high rate of false
      negative/benign cases (PE, 0.23; M, 0.26; CYT, 0.37 and TH, 0.50), especially
      when the T1 subgroup was considered (PE, 0.34; M, 0.38; CYT, 0.42 and TH, 0.78).
      The poor results recorded for TH make its current diagnostic use highly
      questionable. The policy of extensive biopsy of all "dubious" benign lesions on
      PE allowed for the detection of 41 of 382 cancers and reduced the PE false
      negative/benign rate to 0.12 for the total or 0.15 for T1 cancers, although about
      80 unnecessary biopsies for each cancer detected were performed in this way. The
      association of PE to one or more tests resulted in even lower false-negative
      rates (0.06 for the total, 0.10 for T1 cancers). The authors criticize the
      aggressive policy of extensive biopsy recommendation based only on a dubious
      report on PE alone and stress the opportunity of the routine association of M and
      CYT to PE, since this combination seems to achieve a higher breast cancer
      detection rate even in this age group.

PMID- 3686679
TI  - Chest x-ray survey in breast cancer follow-up--a contrary view.
AB  - The authors report on 83 cases of intrathoracic metastases (ITM) observed as
      isolated first recurrences in a ten-year experience of periodic chest x-ray (CXR)
      survey of primary breast cancer. In 44 of 83 cases ITM were detected on CXR in
      absence of subjective symptoms or clinical signs (A) whereas 39 ITM cases were
      detected as subjectively (S) symptomatic in the interval between two planned CXR
      controls. Diagnosis was anticipated by CXR survey as the disease-free interval
      was significantly shorter (30 vs. 43 months, p less than 0.04) for A respect to S
      cases. Nevertheless such a diagnostic anticipation had no prognostic impact as
      the ten year survival from primary treatment did not differ (0.12 vs. 0.16, p =
      0.6) between A and S cases. Multivariate analysis confirmed that no impact on
      survival from primary treatment is expected whether ITM are detected in an
      earlier (asymptomatic, preclinical) or in a more advanced (subjectively
      symptomatic) phase. CXR survey after primary treatment of breast cancer seems
      thus a very questionable policy.

PMID- 3686680
TI  - Adjuvant chemotherapy with adriamycin, fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide,
      methotrexate, with or without tamoxifen in operable breast cancer.
AB  - Between January 1982 and February 1985, 70 breast cancer patients with
      histologically confirmed axillary node involvement and T1-3a were treated
      following surgery with a combination of adriamycin, fluorouracil,
      cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, with or without tamoxifen according to the
      estrogen and progesterone receptors state. At 60 months of study (median follow
      up, 41 months), the estimated proportion remaining disease-free was 62%. The
      estimated survival rate was 81%. A comparison of the actuarial disease-free and
      overall survival with data reported in the literature indicates a similar
      positive effect of adjuvant systemic therapy as described in adjuvant studies
      using polychemotherapy regimens. Patient acception of chemotherapy regimen was
      generally good. This can be accounted for because of an adequate emesis control
      and real compliance of the patients with the oncologist.

PMID- 3686681
TI  - Clinical study of melatonin in untreatable advanced cancer patients.
AB  - It is known that the pineal gland has some antitumor activity. Melatonin, its
      most important hormone, has been shown to inhibit tumor growth in vivo and in
      vitro. Moreover, some investigations have demonstrated an altered melatonin
      secretion in cancer patients. Despite these interesting data, clinical trials
      have never been carried out to evaluate the effects of melatonin on human
      neoplasms. The aim of this study was to draw some preliminary conclusions on
      melatonin therapy in advanced human neoplasms. Nineteen patients suffering from
      advanced solid tumors, which did not respond to standard therapies, entered the
      study. Performance status (PS) was 20 or less in 9 cases, and more than 20 in the
      other 10. Melatonin was given intramuscularly at a daily dose of 20 mg at 3.00
      p.m., followed by a maintenance period with lower doses in patients who had a
      remission, a stabilization of disease or an improvement in PS. Among patients
      with a PS higher than 20, a partial response was achieved in one case with cancer
      of the pancreas; moreover, 5 of 10 had stable disease, but the other 4 cases had
      a progression; an evident improvement of PS was obtained in 6 of the 10 cases. In
      contrast, among patients with a very poor PS, 7 of 9 died within the first 2
      months of therapy. This preliminary study would suggest that melatonin may be of
      some value in treating cancer patients in whom standard antitumor therapies have
      failed, particularly in improving their PS and quality of life.

PMID- 3686682
TI  - Cisplatin and low-dose cytosine arabinoside in advanced cancer.
AB  - Twenty-two patients with advanced malignancies were treated with low-dose
      cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) (45 mg/m2 sc every 12 h for 3 days) and cisplatin
      (DDP) (100 mg/m2 ev on day 2, 2 h after ara-C. Patients received 61 cycles of ara
      C + DDP with a median number per patient of 2.7 cycles (range, 1-5). All patients
      were evaluable for toxicity and response. Overall, 6 of 22 patients (27%)
      obtained an objective response (2 CR + 4 PR) with a median response duration of
      20 weeks. Hematologic and gastrointestinal toxicities were moderate. Our results
      show a low response rate with the ara-C and DDP combination compared to the
      interesting results obtained in vitro.

PMID- 3686683
TI  - Phase II trial of mitomycin plus cisplatin in the treatment of advanced
      colorectal adenocarcinoma.
AB  - Cisplatinum may be synergistic if used in combination with other agents. This
      study was undertaken to investigate whether a mitomycin plus cisplatin in
      combination could show any promising data in colorectal cancer. The regimen did
      not show sufficient activity to encourage further trials.

PMID- 3686684
TI  - Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion associated with hepatic
      arterial infusion of vinblastine in three patients with breast cancer.
AB  - We report the occurrence of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
      secretion in 3 patients with breast carcinoma metastatic to the liver who
      received hepatic arterial infusion of vinblastine at lower doses than those
      previously associated with this effect. Leukopenia was severe in all patients,
      who additionally experienced hypokalemia with excessive kaliuresis. The etiology
      of the observed hypokalemia is unclear. We suspect that vinblastine may induce
      renal tubular dysfunction. These toxicities appear dose-related.

PMID- 3686685
TI  - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma associated with sickle cell disease: a case report.
AB  - A case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with leukemic spread in a patient affected with
      homozygous sickle cell disease is reported. This association has not been
      previously described. A correlation between the malignancy and the
      hemoglobinopathy could not be etiologically ascertained; therefore, an
      alternative explanation to a chance event cannot be offered.

PMID- 3686686
TI  - [Biosynthesis of immunoglobin G in a cell-free system].
AB  - Optimal conditions are selected to study biosynthesis of proteins by the
      microsomal cell-free system. It is established that incorporation of the
      radioactive precursor into anew synthesized proteins by microsomes decreases in a
      series: the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow. It is shown that under
      malignant growth considerably higher amount of protein with the antigenic
      properties of immunoglobulin C is synthesized in the spleen of leukemic rats than
      in other organs of control leukemic animals.

PMID- 3686687
TI  - [Tropomyosin metabolism in muscles and its blood levels during physical
      exertion].
AB  - Physical exercise induces phasic changes in the tropomyosin content and
      metabolism in muscles and its concentration in blood. The intensive catabolic
      processes (decrease of 14C-leicin inclusion and time of half-life) of muscle
      tropomyosin and its appearance in blood were shown 2-24 hours after the exercise.
      Intensive anabolic processes of muscle tropomyosin were found at the late period
      of rest (72-144 h). These results reveal the biochemical mechanism of muscle
      adaptation to physical exercise. Data on the tropomyosin content in blood permit
      recommending tropomyosin for development of the diagnostic test of functional
      condition of the skeletal muscle.

PMID- 3686688
TI  - [Effect of quaterin and S-methylmethionine on the intensity of chromatin protein
      methylation].
AB  - It is known that 3-(2,2,2-trimethylhydrazinium) propionate (quaterin) synthetized
      at the Institute of Organic Synthesis of the Latvian SSR Academy of Sciences has
      a stimulating effect on cell proliferation in the process of healing wounds and
      burns. In this connection the above preparation is studied for its effect on the
      methylation intensity of histones and nonhistone proteins of rat tissues
      possessing different proliferative activity. For comparison S-methylmethionine
      (vitamin U), a known stimulator of the methylation reactions, was studied. The
      experiments conducted have shown that the methylation processes in all the
      studied tissues (heart, liver, small intestine mucosa, thymus and spleen) depend
      on the quaterin and the S-methylmethionine effect. On the whole, quaterin 1-6 h
      after its administration increases, as a rule, the methylation levels of histones
      and nonhistone proteins. This effect is the least in the thymus and the highest
      in the liver and spleen. When quaterin is applied daily for 5-15 days
      considerable changes occur in the levels of chromatin proteins methylation. The
      data obtained indicate that the processes of chromatin proteins methylation are
      an important link in the realization of quaterin action on transcription and
      replication which underlie the proliferative cell response.

PMID- 3686689
TI  - [An increase in the rate of proteolysis in vitro after treatment with oxidized
      glutathione].
AB  - The effect of the formation of mixed disulphides--protein-glutathione--on the
      proteolysis rate was studied using soluble fractions of proteins from different
      rat tissues as substrates. It was shown that the binding of oxidized glutathione
      to proteins increases the proteolysis rate under the effect of trypsin and
      chymotrypsin. When the concentration of oxidized glutathione is 5.10(-4) M a 1.2
      1.4-fold increase in the proteolysis rate is registered and when the
      concentration is 5.10(-3) M a 1.4-1.8 fold increase is observed.

PMID- 3686690
TI  - [Characteristics of the structure and specificity of aspartyl- and valyl-tRNA
      synthetases from muscle tissue of long-fasting rabbits].
AB  - Amino acid compositions of aspartyl- and valyl-tRNA synthetases from the muscles
      of long-fasting and normal rabbits were studied. Certain differences in amino
      acid content of fasted and normal rabbits were found. The possibility of
      incorrect aminoacylation was shown for the tRNA and amino-acyl-tRNA synthetases
      (ARS) from the muscles of experimental animals. The Km values of incorrect
      reactions increased with specific and nonspecific amino acids depending on the
      decreased affinity between specific and nonspecific substrates. At the same time
      Vmax of these reactions decreased. A presumable decrease in the specificity of
      ARS isolated from muscles of long-fasting rabbits can be one of the reasons of
      synthesis of the proteins with the different amino acid composition by the
      extremal states of the organism.

PMID- 3686691
TI  - [Differences in properties of creatine kinase BB from chicken tissues].
AB  - BB-creatine phosphokinases (CPK-BB, EC 2.7.3.2) were isolated and purified from
      the chicken brain, heart and gizzard with specific activities 250-300 IU/mg and
      equal electrophoretic mobilities. Certain differences in thermal stability,
      activation energy, Km and optimal temperature of the CPK reaction are shown. The
      amino acid analysis has also revealed different content of certain amino acids in
      CPK-BB molecules. The obtained results confirm the existence of tissue-specific
      heterogeneity in CPK-BB which may be significant for functioning of the
      phosphocreatine-creatine phosphokinase system in different types of tissues.

PMID- 3686692
TI  - [Characteristics of the glutamate decarboxylase reaction in homogenates of
      various regions of the rat brain].
AB  - The glutamate decarboxylase activity in rough homogenates of cerebellum, cortex
      and truncal part of the rat brain was studied under different conditions of
      incubation: in the presence of 25 mM glutamate sodium, 0.4 mM pyridoxal-5'
      phosphate and both these components. It is found that the initial glutamate
      decarboxylase activity in cerebellum homogenates is approximately twice as high
      as in the cortex and trunk homogenates. Addition of the substrate and cofactor,
      especially in the combination, stimulates considerably the yield of gamma
      aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the glutamate decarboxylase reaction, the most
      pronounced activation being observed in the truncal homogenates. The
      glutamate/GABA relation both initial and after the completion of the reaction is
      the maximal in the cortex and minimal in the truncal part of the brain. The data
      obtained evidence for the differences in the content of the GABA-producing enzyme
      rather than for the presence of the specific mechanisms of the enzyme regulation
      in different brain areas.

PMID- 3686693
TI  - [Inhibitory effect of methyl esters of arginine-containing oligopeptides on
      thrombin and trypsin].
AB  - Stereoisomeric oligopeptides were studied for their inhibitory effect on the
      hydrolysis of benzoyl-L-arginine methyl ester catalyzed by thrombin and trypsin,
      as well as on the thrombin-fibrinogen reaction. Comparison of the peptide
      structures, their conformational flexibility and inhibitory effects on thrombin
      and trypsin shows the availability of the essential differences in organization
      and functioning of the subsites S3, S2 and S'1 of these enzymes. In contrast to
      trypsin, thrombin is shown to be characterized by more pronounced secondary
      stereospecificity. This manifests in the more vigorous dropping of the catalytic
      constants of thrombin-catalyzed esterolysis than those of trypsin-catalyzed
      hydrolysis of the substrates, containing D-amino acids at the subsite P2. It is
      revealed that the peptide Tos-D-Val-D-Ala-D-Agr-D-Phe-OCH3 is the most powerful
      inhibitor among studied compounds. It is noteworthy that its antithrombin effect
      is almost an order of magnitude higher than its antitrypsin effect.

PMID- 3686695
TI  - [Metabolism of pantothenic acid and its derivatives in animals deficient in this
      enzyme].
AB  - Distribution of [14C]labelled metabolites of pantothenic acid (PAA) has been
      studied in tissues of normal and PAA-deficient rats-weaners 6 h after single
      injection of the calcium pantothenate (PAA-Ca), calcium 4'-phosphopantothenate
      (PAA-Ca) or pantethine (PT) preparations. Essential differences in the
      intertissue distribution of vitamin derivatives to be injected are revealed
      against a background of a higher vitamin-retaining ability of the PAA-deficient
      tissues. A degree of radionuclides' biotransformation into CoA permits them to be
      arranged in the series: PPA-Ca greater than PAA-Ca greater than PT. In PAA
      deficient animals which were injected labelled PPA-Ca up to 41% of the liver
      radioactivity is concentrated in the CoA fraction and the quantity of label in
      the composition of PAA-protein cytosolium complexes increases considerably. It is
      supposed that there is a special PAA-depositing system which provides the
      intracellular CoA biosynthesis.

PMID- 3686694
TI  - [Effect of various supplies of vitamin B2 in the rat body on the activity of
      enzymes participating in the metabolism of xenobiotics].
AB  - Studies on the effect of different content of vitamin B2 (alimentary deficiency,
      additional administration) in the rat organism on the activity of enzymes
      participating in the metabolism of foreign substances and on the inducing effect
      of phenobarbital have shown that vitamin B2 to a considerable extent controls the
      activity of flavin-containing enzymes participating in the metabolism of
      xenobiotics (D-amino acid oxidase, xanthine and aldehyde oxidases, NADH- and
      NADPH-reductase activity of neotetrazolium) and a number of enzymes for which
      flavins do not play the role of prosthetic group (esterases aldehyde and
      formaldehyde dehydrogenases, demethylase and hydroxylase). Different content of
      vitamin B2 in animal organism also influences the action of phenobarbital, an
      inductor of xenobiotics metabolism, and the acetanilide biotransformation rate.

PMID- 3686696
TI  - [Chemical composition of the membranes of fat globules of cow's milk].
AB  - The methods of microthin-layer chromatography on plates with silica gel and disc
      electrophoresis in PAAG are used to determine the lipid and protein composition
      of fat globule membranes of cow milk on the first (foremilk) and the tenth day
      (milk) of lactation as well as of the buttermilk, a by-product of the
      technological processing of milk. Differences are found in the quantitative
      content of the basic classes of lipids and proteins in membranes of fat globules
      produced from foremilk and milk of cows. The membranes of buttermilk and milk fat
      globules are characterized by the identical qualitative and similar quantitative
      chemical composition, that permits using buttermilk as easily available and rich
      source of components from membranes of cow milk fat globules in the first place
      of phospholipids and sterols.

PMID- 3686697
TI  - [Type I collagen in rat skin in an excess of dietary amino acids].
AB  - Type I collagen in skin of rats who were given redundant amounts of leucin,
      valine, methionine or phenyl alanine differed essentially from the normal level
      in the amino acidic composition. Considerable shifts in the value of pI of the
      proteins under study as compared with the normal level are found during
      isofocusing. When studying subunits of collagen preparations by the reverse-phase
      chromatography certain differences typical of each studied state are revealed in
      the elution profiles in normalcy and under amino acid loadings.

PMID- 3686698
TI  - [A method of determining inhibitory constants during reversible inhibition of
      enzymatic hydrolysis of a substrate].
AB  - Determination of inhibitory constants and antienzymic activity of reversible
      retardants of different type of action by the generalized inhibitory constant K
      sigma is estimated, results being presented. To determine more precisely the
      values of inhibitory constants of the competitive (Ki), noncompetitive (K'i)
      inhibition and of the generalized K sigma it is suggested to conduct
      linearization of the experimental data in coordinates: 1/K sigma, s; 1/[S], where
      K sigma, s is a total inhibitory constant whose value depends on the substrate
      [S] concentration and to make calculations by the least-square method with the
      allowance for principal intervals of the Km values and the maximal rate of the
      enzymic reaction V. Comparative calculations are made by a computer using the
      BASIC/RT-60 language programme through the example of the acetyl choline acetyl
      hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.7) interaction with the quaternary phosphonium salts-
      reversible retardants of this enzyme.

PMID- 3686699
TI  - [Mechanism of changes in the rate of glycolysis and levels of ATP and 2,3
      diphosphoglycerate in human erythrocytes during aging].
AB  - Reasons which have induced changes in the glycolysis rate, ATP and 2,3
      diphosphoglycerate content in human erythrocytes with ageing are studied. A fall
      of the hexokinase activity is shown to be one of the reasons of a significant
      decrease in the glycolysis rate. The total ATPase activity in erythrocytes does
      not change with the age. At the same time the decay rate of 2,3
      diphosphoglycerate increases, that, evidently, is one of the reasons of the 2,3
      diphosphoglycerate content decrease in erythrocytes with ageing.

PMID- 3686700
TI  - [Neutral lipids of nuclear membranes and chromatin in rat liver after
      hydrocortisone administration].
AB  - It is shown that over 80% of nuclear neutral lipids are found in the nuclear
      membrane preparations, whereas only 7%--in chromatin. The injection of
      hydrocortisone to animals significantly decreases the neutral lipids content in
      both fractions. These results and the data obtained previously by the authors
      indicate the possible participation of nuclear membrane and chromatin lipids in
      the process of hormonal regulation of the genetic activity.

PMID- 3686701
TI  - [Changes in the fatty acid composition of pulmonary surfactant phospholipids
      after administration of antitubercular agents].
AB  - The prolonged inhalations of streptomycin sulphate and isoniazid in experiments
      on rats decrease the content of unsaturated fatty acids and increase that of
      saturated ones in the phospholipids composition of lungs surfactants.

PMID- 3686702
TI  - [Isolation of alpha-latrotoxin using high-performance liquid chromatography
      methods].
AB  - alpha-Latrotoxin, a main toxic component of the Latrodectus mactans
      tredecimguttatus venom is a large polypeptide with molecular weight of 130 KDa. A
      rapid method is suggested for isolating this protein using high-effective liquid
      chromatography on chromatograph FPLC ("Pharmacia", Sweden). The isolated protein
      does not differ from the previously described alpha-latrotoxin in the main
      physicochemical parameters as well as in physiological properties.

PMID- 3686704
TI  - The Ottawa course (part 2). Current concepts in diagnostic ultrastructural
      pathology. Proceedings of the third biennial conference. Ottawa, 1986.

PMID- 3686703
TI  - [Effectiveness of the cryoprotective effect of glycerol and polyethylene glycol
      on plasma membranes].
AB  - The barrier properties of erythrocyte membranes were studied under freezing
      thawing in cryopreservatives based on glycerol or polyethylene glycol Mm 1500 Da
      (PEG-1500) (at cryoprotectant concentrations from 0.5 to 30%). The state of the
      membrane barrier function in reconstituted and native erythrocytes subjected to
      rapid (200-400 degrees C per min) freezing has been registered by
      spectrophotometry, flame photometry, and radiolabel analysis as judged by labeled
      compound release (hemoglobin, K+, [14C]sucrose, 86Rb+). It is demonstrated that
      the effective cryoprotection of erythrocyte membranes in reconstituted
      erythrocytes is attained at cryoprotectant concentrations in the medium of 0.5-1%
      or in erythrocytes of 8-30%.

PMID- 3686705
TI  - Ultrastructural diagnosis in the immotile cilia syndrome.
AB  - This article reports on the experience with 38 biopsies from nasal mucosa,
      submitted with the question of immotile cilia syndrome. Fixation in
      glutaraldehyde with MgSO4 is preferable. At least 50 cilia should be scrutinized
      in the electron microscope, and dynein arms, radial spokes, sheaths, nexin links
      and orientation should be tabulated. Six cases displayed virtual absence of inner
      and outer dynein arms. The orientation of these cilia was random. Two of the
      patients had situs inversus. In biopsies considered not to represent the immotile
      cilia syndrome, about four inner and seven outer dynein arms were found per
      cilium.

PMID- 3686706
TI  - The relationship of serum alpha-interferon and ultrastructural markers in HIV
      seropositive individuals.
AB  - Two inclusions of the endoplasmic reticulum, tubuloreticular inclusion (TRI) and
      cylindrical confronting cisternae (CCC), are common to lymphocytes from
      individuals with AIDS and AIDS-related conditions. Both inclusions can be induced
      in vitro with alpha-interferon (IFN). IFN may also be elevated in both
      populations. Circulating lymphocytes containing TRI are seen prior to the
      appearance of serum IFN. CCC appear in circulating lymphocytes after TRI, and
      both regularly antedate the diagnosis of AIDS. As in systemic lupus erythematosus
      (SLE), it can be hypothesized that lymphocytes exposed locally to IFN acquire TRI
      and then appear in the peripheral blood to be followed subsequently by IFN. The
      data strongly suggest that the appearance of these markers may predict the
      progression to AIDS.

PMID- 3686707
TI  - Chondroid chordoma.
AB  - We reject the notion that the concept of "chondroid chordoma" be abandoned in
      favor of an interpretation of the cartilaginous origin of these lesions. We have
      demonstrated by electron microscopic and immunohistochemical means that these
      neoplasms can exhibit distinctly epithelial characteristics in their chondroid as
      well as their epithelial areas. The presence of desmosomes, cytokeratin,
      carcinoembryonic, and epithelial membrane antigen in the cells of the chondroid
      as well as the epithelial areas; the presence of the microtubular inclusions,
      vimentin, and S-100 protein in the cells of the epithelial as well as chondroid
      areas; and the intermingling of the two and gradual transitions from one to the
      other all point to the conclusion that the chondroid and epithelial areas are
      only differing morphologic expressions of the same entity. The gradual evolution
      witnessed in the sequential biopsies of this case study, through which a
      predominantly chondromatous neoplasm became a chordoma of typical histologic
      appearance, provides further strong evidence to support the contention that
      chondroid chordoma is a variant of chordoma and not a primary chondrocytic
      neoplasm.

PMID- 3686708
TI  - Subcutaneous metastatic spindle cell tumor.

PMID- 3686709
TI  - Melanotic cerebellar tumor.

PMID- 3686710
TI  - Leiomyosarcoma.

PMID- 3686711
TI  - Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis.

PMID- 3686712
TI  - Triton's tumor (malignant schwannoma with rhabdomyoblastic differentiation).

PMID- 3686713
TI  - Straight intracisternal tubules in rough endoplasmic reticulum of human melanoma
      cells.
AB  - This case presentation illustrates peculiar tubular aggregates in rough
      endoplasmic reticulum (RER) of human melanoma cells, a location in which they
      have been reported in a small percentage of malignant melanomas.

PMID- 3686715
TI  - [Autologous blood transfusion].

PMID- 3686714
TI  - [Digitalization in acute myocardial infarction].

PMID- 3686716
TI  - [Autologous blood transfusion in elective surgery. Preoperative withdrawal of
      blood].

PMID- 3686717
TI  - [Mixed connective tissue disease. Clinical picture and serology].

PMID- 3686718
TI  - [Carrot aorta--distal hypoplasia of the aorta].

PMID- 3686719
TI  - [Endometrial hyperplasia in young women. A clinical and patho-anatomical study].

PMID- 3686720
TI  - [Thromboembolic prevention in surgical departments in Denmark. Use and economic
      consequences].

PMID- 3686721
TI  - [Malignant bone tumors treated with radical resection and osteoplastic
      reconstruction].

PMID- 3686722
TI  - [A psychodynamic treatment orientation and the use of restraining measures in a
      closed psychiatric department].

PMID- 3686723
TI  - [Acute fatal alcohol poisoning in forensic material].

PMID- 3686724
TI  - [Elderly persons' capabilities. A review of the Rodovre project].

PMID- 3686725
TI  - [Blindness due to retrolental fibroplasia in Denmark 1948-1985. Updating of
      compulsory notification of visual handicaps in premature infants].

PMID- 3686726
TI  - [Cocaine poisoning].

PMID- 3686727
TI  - Standards for reporting ultrasonic exposures.

PMID- 3686728
TI  - Two-dimensional echocardiographic imaging: in vitro comparison of conventional
      and dynamically focused annular array transducers.
AB  - Quantitative two-dimensional echocardiography has been adversely affected by a
      tendency for underestimation of cross-sectional areas of cardiac chambers, a
      difficulty that might be ameliorated by recent advances in imaging technology. To
      determine if this were so, we measured echocardiographic cross-sectional areas of
      25 formalin-fixed animal left ventricular (LV) sections in vitro using
      conventional 13 mm and 15 mm diameter fixed-focused single element transducers,
      and a 15 mm diameter dynamically focused annular array transducer at 3 different
      distances between myocardial slice and transducer (2 cm, 6 cm and 10 cm) and
      compared the 2-dimensional echocardiographic areas to the corresponding anatomic
      cross-sectional areas of the same hearts. LV total and cavity area were measured
      by computer assisted planimetry of videotaped echo images, performed blinded to
      the transducer used, and photographed anatomic slices; LV myocardial area was
      derived by subtraction. Comparison of two-dimensional echocardiographic total,
      myocardial, and cavity areas with corresponding anatomic measurements showed
      excellent correlation for each transducer at all depths (r = 0.97 to 0.98 for
      total area; r = 0.98 to 0.99 for cavity area; r = 0.93 to 0.97 for myocardial
      area). For total and myocardial cross-sectional areas, the slope of the relation
      between echographic and anatomic areas did not differ significantly from unity,
      but for LV cavity area this was achieved only by the dynamically focused
      transducer. In contrast, the conventional 13 mm transducer significantly
      underestimated larger LV cavity areas in both the near and middle fields (slopes
      = 0.90 and 0.91, respectively) and the 15 mm transducer yielded slopes from 0.86
      to 0.91 in all fields.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3686729
TI  - Pressure waveforms generated by a Dornier extra-corporeal shock-wave
      lithotripter.
AB  - Pressure waveforms in the acoustic field generated by a Dornier (HM3) shock-wave
      lithotripter have been measured using a bilaminar shielded PVDF membrane
      hydrophone in water. Using these waveforms, values of the peak-positive (p+) and
      peak-negative pressure (p-) at various positions in the field have been
      estimated. At the focus, p+ is 38.6 MPa (standard deviation = 9.0 MPa) and p- is
      10.1 MPa (standard deviation = 1.0 MPa) at 20 kV discharge potential and an
      electrode separation in the range 1.3 to 2.4 mm. The peak-positive pressure is
      found to fall to 50% (-6 dB level) at about 60 mm either side of the focus on the
      major axis of the reflector and on a 10 mm radius circle around the focus in the
      focal plane. A shot-to-shot variation of +/- 25% in p+ is attributed to the
      inherent variability of the electrical discharge which may result in changes in
      the exact position and strength of the acoustic field. The results reported are
      considered to be more accurate than those of previous measurements due to the
      relatively flat frequency response of this type of hydrophone.

PMID- 3686730
TI  - The use of ultrasound by physiotherapists in Britain, 1985.
AB  - A questionnaire was sent out to physiotherapists in Britain in 1985 requesting
      information about their use of therapeutic ultrasound. Replies were obtained from
      National Health Service (NHS) departments and private practitioners. Twenty
      percent of all physiotherapy treatments in NHS departments involved ultrasound,
      and 54% of all private treatments. Information was obtained about the range and
      pattern of ultrasonic frequencies and intensities used. The conditions for which
      ultrasound is used as a treatment modality are listed, as are the
      contraindications for its use.

PMID- 3686731
TI  - Altered myocardial contractility with pulsed ultrasound.

PMID- 3686732
TI  - The clinical use of objective quantification of flow disturbance in carotid
      artery disease: correlation between spectral broadening index and arteriography.
AB  - In order to assess the accuracy of objective quantification of carotid flow
      disturbance, 147 carotid arteries were examined with continuous wave (CW) Doppler
      technique. The systolic spectral broadening index (SBI), determined as (maximum
      mean)/maximum frequency, was calculated from the power spectrum and together with
      the peak frequency related to the angiographic degree of stenosis. Receiver
      operating characteristics curves were calculated and the SBI predicted disease
      with a specificity of 94%. On the other hand, the ability of the SBI to
      discriminate minor disease was not satisfactory. Both the SBI and the peak
      frequency were accurate in discriminating between greater or less than 50%
      stenosis. The study concludes that using CW Doppler the SBI can reliably predict
      carotid artery stenoses. For exclusion of minor lesions an additional test should
      be performed, e.g., pulsed Doppler spectral analysis.

PMID- 3686733
TI  - Ultrasonically induced gas bubble production in agar based gels: Part I.
      Experimental investigation.
AB  - Macroscopically visible gas bubbles can be produced in an agar based gel by
      irradiation with either continuous or pulsed ultrasound at frequencies from 0.75
      to 3.0 MHz. The variation in the number of bubbles formed with frequency,
      acoustic pressure, pulse length, duty cycle, and temperature closely resembles
      that seen in vivo. Furthermore, the acoustic pressure required to initiate bubble
      formation is also close to that required in vivo. It has been observed that
      alterations in the concentration and pH of the gels can have a profound effect on
      the nature and quantity of bubbles. This suggests that not only is this gel model
      suitable for the representation of the macroscopic features of bubble formation
      in vivo, but can be used to gain information about the preexisting bubble nuclei.
      Based on the experimental results obtained it can be suggested that for peak
      negative acoustic pressures of up 1 MPa (equivalent, for a plane travelling
      sinusoidal wave, to a time averaged intensity of 30 W/cm2) bubble formation can
      be avoided by the use of high frequencies, short pulse lengths and long duty
      cycles.

PMID- 3686734
TI  - Ultrasonically induced gas bubble production in agar based gels: Part II.
      Theoretical analysis.
AB  - Visible size gas bubbles can be produced in an agar based gel when irradiated
      with either continuous wave (CW) or pulsed ultrasound. It is shown that many
      aspects of the production of these bubbles can be explained in a qualitative
      manner by a theoretical model based upon growth of a cavitation nucleus by
      rectified diffusion. Quantitative predictions for the number of bubbles produced
      as a function of various parameters tend to be different from measured values by
      less than an order of magnitude. The results given here provide a useful
      theoretical basis for the explanation of earlier measurements of ultrasonically
      induced bubbles in vivo.

PMID- 3686735
TI  - [The polytraumatized patient. One year's documentation with special reference to
      the prognostic significance of individual immune status (cell-mediated
      immunity)].
AB  - Fifty-four patients with multiple trauma have been investigated in a prospective
      one-year documentation. The following features were documented and evaluated:
      circumstances of the accident, condition on admission, course under special
      consideration of the cell-mediated immunity with Merieux multitest, course after
      indoor treatment.

PMID- 3686736
TI  - [Study of the correlation between early and late changes in the roentgenologic
      and functional status following conservative and surgical treatment of the head
      of the tibia].
AB  - Between 1976 and 1980 161 patients were admitted to our department with condylar
      fractures of the tibia. 60% of the patients were treated conservatively, 40%
      underwent surgery. The patients follow-up was analysed three to seven years after
      therapy and an examination of a representative group of patients was performed
      1983. A direct comparison of therapeutic results between the conservative and
      operative treatment groups is not possible, since fractures with a particularly
      poor prognoses including depression and impression fractures of the articular
      surface were more frequent in the operative treatment group. It is noteworthy,
      however, that the patients' activity at work and in their leisure time was
      increased in the operative group. Additionally in this group the remaining
      complaints were less and the final results more favourable according to the
      patients' self-judgment. Unchanged irregularities of the joint surface following
      initial therapy were found in 40.5% of conservatively treated patients and in
      6.9% of operated patients respectively. At the time of reassessment, however,
      differences of radiological findings could not be seen between the two treatment
      groups. Whereas in the conservative treatment group a difference in length of the
      two legs of 2 cm or more were observed in 16% of cases, not a single case was
      found in the operative treatment group. There was a correlation of the functional
      and the result of the radiological examination, although considerable exceptions
      from this correlation were also seen. Therefore it is not possible from the
      individual X-ray findings to predict the functional results of the patient.

PMID- 3686737
TI  - [Arthrography--expanded diagnosis in capsule-ligament injuries of the upper ankle
      joint].
AB  - Arthrography was performed in 563 cases of ankle injury to determine its
      diagnostic information. No complications occurred in our study. Experiences are
      described and indications for arthrography are pointed out. Stress radiography
      using a sophisticated apparatus and reproducible amounts of pressure does not
      have the diagnostic accuracy of arthrography. Arthrography of the ankle joint
      makes it possible to diagnose ligament rupture and classify injuries by negative
      stress radiography.

PMID- 3686738
TI  - [Expanded roentgen diagnosis of the lower ankle joint].
AB  - The standard radiographs in two planes of the ankle joint and of the foot do not
      allow an exact evaluation of the subtalar joint. Two additional views are
      proposed. With a dorsal flexion of the ankle joint one radiograph is obtained in
      60 degrees internal rotation and the other in 60 degrees external rotation. The
      medial-oblique and lateral-oblique views considerably increase diagnostic
      information with a minor effort compared to tomography.

PMID- 3686739
TI  - [Osteochondral fracture in the area of the ankle joint].
AB  - In diagnostic assessment of a trauma in the ankle joint region, it is important
      to think of a possible chondral or osteochondral fracture of the upper ankle
      joint, although the incidence of such fractures is relatively low. Besides the
      conventional diagnostic procedures, computed tomography becomes more and more
      important in the assessment of accidental injuries, especially with regard to
      chondral and osteochondral fractures.

PMID- 3686740
TI  - Lindau plaster cast insert--contribution concerning the primarily closed,
      unpadded plaster cast.
AB  - An inflatable synthetic insert made of ethylene vinyl acetate is presented which
      prevents posttraumatic air supply and innervation disturbances caused by
      compression when applying a primarily closed, unpadded plaster cast. The insert,
      consisting of thin ethylene vinyl acetate, is flexible enough to adapt itself
      without difficulties to any portion of an extremity. The foil insert is
      manufactured in different lengths, so that it can be applied both for the upper
      and the lower extremities. A reliable fixation of the fractured extremity can be
      guaranteed for weeks and months by the possibility of modifying the interior
      pressure of the insert within the primarily unpadded, closed plaster cast.
      Possible contact eczemas resulting from intolerability of synthetic foils are
      safely avoided by putting a cellulose or Vienna cotton strip between skin and
      foil insert.

PMID- 3686741
TI  - Effects of inert gas narcosis on rehearsal strategy in a learning task.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to examine the effects of 35% nitrous oxide (N2O)
      on rehearsal strategy while learning a list of words in a free-recall paradigm.
      In experiment 1, the subjects learned the list while rehearsing the words aloud.
      Learning was slowed and an analysis of the recorded rehearsal protocols revealed
      a decrease in the overall rate of rehearsal. In addition, there was a decrease in
      both the number of words rehearsed together and the proportion of words rehearsed
      from earlier serial positions in the list. In experiment 2, the subjects were
      required to follow a different rehearsal protocol which was identical for both
      N2O and the air-breathing control. They had no difficulty following this
      protocol, but learning was still slowed. These results demonstrate that rehearsal
      strategies may be modified by narcosis but can be manipulated experimentally.
      This is consistent with the hypothesis that strategic variables play an important
      role in the slowed processing model of inert gas narcosis.

PMID- 3686742
TI  - CNS oxygen toxicity in oxygen-inert gas mixtures.
AB  - Central nervous system oxygen toxicity in hyperbaric oxygen-inert gas mixtures
      was studied by exposing male rats to various gas mixtures having the same oxygen
      partial pressure and varying pressures of inert gases. The duration of the latent
      period until the appearance of electrical discharges in the electroencephalogram
      was used as the criterion for the sensitivity to CNS oxygen toxicity. Two hundred
      and twenty rats with chronically implanted cortical electrodes were subjected to
      a single exposure to 1 of 11 different gas mixtures at ambient pressures ranging
      from 5 to 10 ATA. All gas mixtures had a constant oxygen partial pressure of 5
      ATA and varying pressures of inert gas (helium or nitrogen). The duration of the
      latent period was found to be significantly different in the 11 experimental
      groups (P less than 0.001). While increasing the inert gas pressure, the latency
      gradually shortened, reaching the lowest values in mixtures of 5 ATA oxygen and 3
      ATA of either inert gas. On further increase in the inert gas pressure up to a
      total ambient pressure of 10 ATA, the latency returned to control (pure 5 ATA
      oxygen) values. No difference was found between nitrogen and helium of equal
      partial pressures. These findings suggest that the risk of CNS oxygen toxicity in
      gas mixtures is not determined solely by the PO2, and even a relatively low
      pressure of inert gas can contribute to the imminence of hyperbaric-oxygen
      induced seizures.

PMID- 3686743
TI  - Health risks among submarine personnel in the U.S. Navy, 1974-1979.
AB  - This study evaluated health risks associated with U.S. Navy submarine duty by
      comparing hospitalization rates of submariners with surface ship personnel. The
      groups were compared using age-adjusted hospitalization rates for 16 major
      diagnostic categories and several specific diagnoses postulated to be submarine
      associated. Submarine personnel did not have significantly higher hospitalization
      rates for any diagnostic categories nor for any of the submarine-associated
      illnesses. Submariner relative risk of hospital admissions was greater for a few
      selected diagnoses but statistical significance was not attained. Submarine
      personnel had lower hospitalization rates for nearly all of the diagnostic
      categories examined. Reasons for these lower rates may be stringent screening of
      submariners, higher levels of education among submariners, difficulty of
      evacuation from a submarine, and the healthy-worker effect. The health status of
      U.S. Navy personnel does not seem to be adversely affected by submarine duty.

PMID- 3686744
TI  - Lipoid pneumonitis in a commercial abalone diver.
AB  - This report describes the clinical and pulmonary function manifestations found in
      a 37-yr-old commercial abalone diver who developed diffuse lipoid pneumonitis due
      to inhalation of aerosolized mineral oil contained in the unfiltered air
      generated from his surface air compressor. Four years later, the patient
      continued to be symptomatic with shortness of breath and dyspnea during exertion,
      and repeat physiologic evaluation continued to demonstrate findings of a
      restrictive ventilatory defect.

PMID- 3686745
TI  - A case of delayed-onset pulmonary barotrauma in a scuba diver.
AB  - A 23-yr-old male scuba diver was admitted to the hyperbaric chamber of the Polish
      Army Training Centre of Divers and SCUBA Divers for treatment of
      pneumomediastinum and possible decompression sickness. Medical history suggested
      a case of pulmonary barotrauma with delayed and exacerbated symptoms. About 36 h
      after the onset of symptoms the patient was treated successfully according to
      U.S. Navy Treatment Table 6-A. A recurrence of symptoms was observed more than 3
      d after the initial hyperbaric therapy. Signs and symptoms suggested the presence
      of air in the vessels of the nervous system, and possibly in the heart muscle and
      bones of the upper limbs. A second recompression therapy began according to
      method III of the Polish Navy Treatment Tables. Adjunctive therapy included
      intravenous aspirin, steroids, isosorbide dinitrate, and fluids. Symptoms
      resolved and did not recur after this second hyperbaric therapy.

PMID- 3686746
TI  - [Are we going to end up with a medical curriculum lasting 10 years?].

PMID- 3686747
TI  - [Continuing education of the medical faculty. A new approach].

PMID- 3686748
TI  - [Tell me what you eat.... Interview by Robert Henry].

PMID- 3686749
TI  - [The faculty experiments with problem-oriented learning].

PMID- 3686750
TI  - [A link between microscopic urethritis and a positive Chlamydia test?].

PMID- 3686751
TI  - [Bioethics: reality, differences or slight variations?].

PMID- 3686752
TI  - Regulated high frequency diathermy for bipolar electrocoagulation--a new method
      for the treatment of carcinoma of the bladder.
AB  - In the endoscopic treatment of bladder cancer, especially for stages beyond T2,
      transurethral resection does not seem to be sufficient. The risk of bladder wall
      perforation, the possibility of incomplete resection, seeding of tumor cells and
      high recurrence rates support the former statement [6]. Results of a multicentre
      prospective randomised study have exemplified that irradiation with the Neodymium
      YAG Laser has been a reasonable alternative in the therapeutic approach to
      bladder cancer [2]. Diathermy coagulation must produce a sufficiently deep,
      homogeneous and well demarcated tissue necrosis. The coagulation depth has to be
      adjustable and heat production during coagulation should not lead to bladder wall
      perforation and consequent damage to the bowel. These criteria were investigated
      using regulated bipolar high frequency diathermy. The innovation in this method
      is, that thermal side effects on the tissue, e.g. vaporisation and carbonisation
      are prevented by a protective relay with constant current flow. Animal
      experimental studies have shown that this method meets all postulated
      requirements and therefore clinical trials can proceed.

PMID- 3686753
TI  - Enhanced radioinduced cytotoxicity of cultured human bladder cancer cells using
      43 degrees C hyperthermia or anticancer drugs.
AB  - Using a colony-forming technique and 2 human bladder cancer cell lines, T24 and
      KK-47, the enhanced radioinduced cytotoxicity in combination with 43 degrees C
      hyperthermia (HPT) or 4 anticancer drugs; bleomycin (BLM), cis
      dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) (CDDP), mitomycin C (MMC), carbazilquinone (CQ),
      has been studied. In the series of both cell lines, the combination of 43 degrees
      C hyperthermia and irradiation resulted in exceedingly enhanced cytotoxicity.
      This was characterized by a marked decline of the slope of the radiation dose
      survival curve as compared with slope in the combination of each of the
      anticancer drugs and irradiation. Among the 4 anticancer drugs, BLM was thought
      to be the most promising agent as a potentiator of the radiotherapy, on the basis
      of a remarkable decrease in the shoulder portion of the radiation dose-survival
      curve. The other 3 anticancer drugs showed a certain degree of potentiation of
      radiosensitivity.

PMID- 3686754
TI  - Effects of verapamil and sodium nitroprusside on acetylcholine-induced
      contraction of the rabbit detrusor muscle.
AB  - Effects of extracellular and intracellular Ca2+ on acetylcholine-induced
      contraction of the bladder detrusor muscle were studied in vitro, utilizing two
      types of Ca2+ antagonists of different mechanisms of action; verapamil and sodium
      nitroprusside (NP). Acetylcholine (10(-8) to 10(-2) M) caused dose-dependent
      contractions of the detrusor muscle strips. Pretreatment of the strips with
      verapamil (10(-7), 10(-6) M) significantly inhibited the acetylcholine-induced
      contraction in a dose-dependent manner, whereas NP (10(-7) to 10(-5) M) failed so
      suppress the contraction. The contraction of the strips once elicited by
      acetylcholine (10(-6) M) could be completely relaxed by verapamil (10(-5) M)
      addition, but only incompletely by NP (10(-5), 10(-4) M). In Ca2+-free solution
      containing 0.01 mM EGTA, replenishment of Ca2+ (2.5 mM) to the medium caused
      contractions of the strips. Addition of acetylcholine (10(-6) M) to the medium
      enhanced the Ca2+-induced contraction, which was significantly inhibited by
      pretreatment with verapamil (10(-6) M), but not affected by NP (10(-6) M). In
      Ca2+-free medium containing 0.1 mM EGTA, acetylcholine caused a slight degree of
      tension increase of the strips in a dose-dependent fashion, at higher
      concentrations exceeding 10(-6) M. These results suggest that the detrusor muscle
      contraction induced by acetylcholine is mostly dependent of extracellular Ca2+
      influx both in its initiation and maintenance. It is also supposed, however, that
      intracellular Ca2+ fractions will partly participate in the acetylcholine-induced
      contraction and possibly in its maintenance.

PMID- 3686755
TI  - The effect of urine on ureteral motility.
AB  - Ureteral rings were used to study in vitro spontaneous phasic contractions,
      similar to the peristaltic waves in vivo. Addition of small amounts of sheep or
      human urine inhibited or totally blocked rhythmic contractions, and induced tonic
      contracture. Changes in osmolality induced by the addition of urine were analysed
      and electrolyte and protein catabolites determined. Similar changes in osmolality
      which were induced by the addition of urine were elected by adding sucrose to the
      organ bath. This had the opposite effect, it increased both the frequency and the
      amplitude of rhythmic contractions. Therefore, an increase in osmolality per se
      cannot be responsible for the observed changes of motility. A reduction of pH,
      resulted in similar changes of motility. In an in-vivo situation with a damaged
      urothelial barrier there is reason to believe that entrance of urine to the
      lamina propria and smooth muscle cells will induce profound changes of motility.

PMID- 3686756
TI  - The hydrodynamic consequences of transuretero-ureterostomia.
AB  - A transuretero-ureterostomy was performed in 8 pigs. In 4 pigs a non-dilated
      urinary tract was seen and pressure and electromyographic recordings showed that
      the procedure did not affect the electromyographic impulses in the recipient
      ureter. Impulses from the donor ureter were not transmitted to the common distal
      ureter. Two pigs died postoperatively from urinary leakage and two pigs developed
      stasis.

PMID- 3686757
TI  - Studies on the influence of the flow field in the pelvi-calyceal system (PCS) on
      the formation of urinary calculi.
AB  - Following a morphological analysis of pelvi-calyceal systems (PCS) of healthy
      persons and urolithiasis patients, rheological studies from glass and rubber PCS
      models are presented. In the PCS of urolithiasis patients morphological and
      geometrical differences were found, causing a flow pattern which favours calculus
      formation. In urolithiasis, the PCS is characterized by cavities with
      significantly reduced flow rates and stagnation of urine. The formation of
      urinary calculi is often promoted by a hypomotility of the muscles of the PCS,
      common in urolithiasis patients. Possible therapeutic and diagnostic consequences
      are discussed.

PMID- 3686758
TI  - A critical reappraisal of cystometry in neurogenic bladder diseases.
AB  - Repeated cystometry was performed over an eight hour period in 14 patients with
      detrusor hyperreflexia. Volumes at first contraction, and at bladder capacity and
      also bladder compliance showed significant differences within individual
      variances and an increase in standard deviation in relation to increase in mean
      value. Amplitude of contractions showed equal variances in all patients. After a
      logarithmic transformation of the measurements the volume at first bladder
      contraction showed a significant increase (p less than 0.02) from the first to
      the second investigation performed an hour later. Determination of sample size in
      clinical trials using the pooled estimate of the standard deviations is
      discussed.

PMID- 3686759
TI  - Blood perfusion of the male genital organs--an experimental study in the rat.
AB  - Male genital blood flow and its regulation have not been fully clarified. In the
      present study we employed a radioactive microsphere technique to estimate the
      blood flow simultaneously in the major urogenital organs of male rats. The
      recorded genital flow rates varied among the rats. The relative blood perfusion
      rates of the testicles, seminal vesicles and kidneys did not differ from one
      animal to another. However, the blood flow in the prostate gland was not
      correlated to the perfusion of any of the other investigated urogenital organs.

PMID- 3686760
TI  - Genital blood flow in male rats subjected to stress stimuli.
AB  - A common opinion among physicians is that some symptoms from the prostate gland
      are stress-dependent. However, no experimental support for this view has been
      presented. In the present study blood perfusion of the major genital organs of
      male rats were measured after they had been subjected to experimental "short- and
      long-term" stress stimuli. The blood-flow measurements were made by means of a
      radioactive microsphere technique. The used experimental "short-term" stress
      reduced the prostatic blood flow by approximately 50 percent. A decreased blood
      flow and a concomitant atrophy, indicating that the reduction in blood flow has
      been in force over a prolonged period of time, were noticed in all examined
      genital organs of the rats subjected to prolonged stress stimuli. The decreases
      in blood flow and weight were most pronounced in the prostate gland.

PMID- 3686761
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of experimental testicular torsion.
AB  - Experimental testicular torsion must be used for certain studies of clinical
      relevance, but most experimental models either do not provide hemodynamic
      alteration comparable to the clinical situation or cannot guarantee
      reproducibility. Using a rat model arterial perfusion and hemorrhagic infarction
      were correlated to the degree of both intra- and extravaginal testicular torsion.
      Arterial inflow was measured sequentially with radiolabelled microspheres,
      hemorrhagic infarction was judged by the increase of testicular weight. Maximal
      hemorrhagic infarction and reproducible values were found when the spermatic cord
      was twisted together with the tunica vaginalis for 360 degrees-540 degrees.

PMID- 3686762
TI  - [Sexually transmissible diseases].

PMID- 3686763
TI  - [Sex behavior and sexually transmissible diseases].
AB  - Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) are no longer limited to the classic venereal
      diseases. A great number of viral and bacterial infections can be transmitted by
      sexual intercourse. Changes in social structures and advances in medicine in
      recent decades have resulted in greater liberality among the heterosexual and
      homosexual populations. The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has
      introduced a new dimension to discussions on sexual behavior.

PMID- 3686764
TI  - [The physiology of penile erection. I. Hemodynamics of penile erection].
AB  - Arterial and venous flow and pressure studies of the corpora cavernosa were
      performed to elucidate the hemodynamics of canine penile erection. Being able to
      induce erection by electrical stimulation we were able to study the functionally
      relevant parameters at different stages of penile erection. From our results we
      conclude that penile erection can be subdivided in 5 phases: (1) latent-, (2)
      tumescence-, (3) erection-, (4) rigidity- and (5) detumescence phase.
      Furthermore, a differentiation of these subdivisions is made by observing at the
      mechanism of the 5 different stages: phase 1 to 4 is an active phenomenon, the
      detumescence phase is passive only.

PMID- 3686765
TI  - [The physiology of penile erection. II. Neurophysiology of penile erection].
AB  - Selective cavernous and pudendal nerve stimulation enabled us to study the
      neurophysiologic-/neurovascular mechanisms of penile erection in 6 monkeys.
      Corporeal pressure recordings during different neurostimulation patterns
      demonstrated that tumescence and erection are controlled by the autonomic nervous
      system (Nn. cavernosi) and has to be understood as the vascular phase of
      erection. However, rigidity is related to the muscle tone of the striated
      bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus muscles which are innervated by
      somatomotoric fibers of the pudendal nerve. This mechanism is defined as the
      muscular phase of penile erection.

PMID- 3686766
TI  - [Dressing technic with Silastic foam following penis operations].

PMID- 3686767
TI  - [Spongious autoinjection therapy following implantation of a penis prosthesis-
      case report].
AB  - Due to relative shortness of his penis a 67-year-old patient suffering from
      erectile dysfunction could not perform sexual intercourse, despite the
      implantation of a penile prosthesis. After intraspongious injection of 3 ml of a
      vasoactive substance mixture (papaverine 15 mg/ml and phentolamine 0,5 mg/ml) an
      increase in glandular circumference of 1.5 cm and in penile length of 1.8 cm took
      place, lasting for 1 1/2 h. By this means the patient regained the ability of a
      normal sexual life.

PMID- 3686768
TI  - Analysis of papillary renal adenocarcinoma.
AB  - A retrospective review was conducted comparing the angiographic findings, tumor
      volumes, staging, and survival of patients with papillary renal adenocarcinoma as
      compared with the more common clear and granular cell renal adenocarcinoma. The
      data suggest that the papillary histopathologic organization confers an improved
      prognosis, which concurs with previous findings. We speculate on why this tumor
      behaves differently from clear cell carcinoma.

PMID- 3686769
TI  - Significance of urinary extravasation during renal colic.
AB  - To establish the clinical significance of renal colic associated with
      extravasation of contrast material, the authors reviewed 158 consecutive patients
      who presented with renal colic-like symptoms at the William Beaumont Hospital
      Emergency Center over a four-month period. Forty-three patients were eliminated
      either because excretory urography was not performed or IVU did not show
      obstruction. Of the remaining 115 patients with "obstructive" IVUs, 21 (18 men, 3
      women) or 18.3 per cent, were associated with contrast media extravasation of
      varying degrees. Patients with extravasation were compared with patients without
      extravasation by cross matching as to age, gender, and time of presentation.
      Extravasation patients demonstrated significantly less hydronephrosis, had
      smaller stones (1-5 mm) usually located at the ureterovesical junction, tended to
      pass their stones spontaneously, and required less hospitalization and one-third
      the number of manipulative procedures. There was no incidence of sepsis. The
      significance and future research implications of these findings are presented.

PMID- 3686770
TI  - Variables influencing radiation exposure during extracorporeal shock wave
      lithotripsy. Review of 298 treatments.
AB  - Retrospective review of 298 extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
      treatments was undertaken to determine the factors which influence radiation
      exposure during ESWL. Fluoroscopy time averaged 160 seconds (3-509), and the
      average number of spot films taken per patient was 26 (5-68). The average stone
      burden was 19.3 mm (3-64). Average calculated skin surface radiation exposure was
      17.8 R per treatment. Radiation exposure increased with increasing stone burden
      and patient weight. Stones treated in the ureter resulted in a higher average
      patient radiation exposure than for renal stones (19 R vs 16 R), even though the
      average size of these ureteral stones (11.3 mm) was significantly less than the
      mean. However, type of anesthetic (general or regional) used was not a
      significant factor. Operator training, experience, and familiarity with radiation
      physics should significantly decrease the amount of imaging time and consequent
      patient radiation exposure during ESWL.

PMID- 3686771
TI  - Retrograde percutaneous stone removal using modified Lawson technique.
AB  - A modification of the Lawson retrograde technique as the primary means of gaining
      intrarenal access is described. This procedure has been performed safely in more
      than 30 patients without significant morbidity.

PMID- 3686772
TI  - Surgical treatment of the "buried" penis.
AB  - The "buried penis" occurs in a spectrum which varies from slight with only
      ventral webbing to almost complete burying of the penis dorsally in the prepubic
      fat pad and ventrally in the scrotum. From 1979 to 1985, the author operated on
      80 children with these problems. Indications for surgery varied from
      unsatisfactory appearance of the penis before or after circumcision to almost
      complete concealment of the penis. Satisfactory cosmetic and functional results
      were achieved in most cases utilizing several surgical principles. The
      limitations of these procedures and their possible complications are described.

PMID- 3686773
TI  - Percutaneous transvesical antegrade ablation of posterior urethral valves.
AB  - A technique of ablation of posterior urethral valves in a neonate is described.
      It involves two useful modifications of antegrade suprapubic approach. These
      modifications include the use of a matured percutaneous suprapubic tract for
      antegrade fulguration of valves and the utilization of a small urethral catheter
      as a guide for the valve ablation. The urethral catheter also protects the
      urethra from fulguration injury.

PMID- 3686774
TI  - Microsurgical vasoepididymostomy to corpus epididymidis in treatment of
      inflammatory obstructive azoospermia.
AB  - A unilateral microsurgical vasoepididymostomy utilizing 35 mm of epididymis was
      performed in a patient with postinflammatory epididymal obstruction. Success was
      verified with multiple semen analyses, the hamster egg penetration test, and a
      pregnancy. These results demonstrate that surgical bypass of inflammatory tubal
      obstruction in the distal epididymis can result in the return of normal
      epididymal function and fertility.

PMID- 3686775
TI  - Calculus formation and ureteral obstruction after ileal conduit construction
      using autosuture stapling device.
AB  - A case is presented of ureteral obstruction by a calculus-encrusted staple in a
      patient undergoing urinary diversion. This leads us to recommend that when an
      ileal conduit is constructed using the autosuture stapling device the staple
      suture line be excised from both ends of the isolated loop and the butt end of
      the ileal conduit be closed with absorbable material.

PMID- 3686776
TI  - Ultrasonic aspiration of prostate, bladder tumors, and stones. Progress report.
AB  - The projected advantages of ultrasonic surgery on prostate, bladder tumors, and
      stones are: (1) precise histologic diagnosis without microscopic distortion as
      occurs with electrocautery; (2) continuous uninterrupted surgery; (3) improved
      hemostasis; (4) protection of external sphincter; (5) easy surgical technique to
      learn; (6) adaptability for video TUR; (7) can remove bladder stones and perform
      TURP at one sitting; (8) no fear of bladder wall injury during lithotripsy since
      stone is sucked to aspirator for dissolution; (9) no electrical burns or
      obturator reflex since electricity is not used to resect.

PMID- 3686777
TI  - Obtaining correct size and degree of inflation or deflation of AMS Hydroflex
      penile prosthesis.

PMID- 3686778
TI  - Hemorrhagic urethritis in female-to-male transsexual. Possible androgen-related
      phenomena.
AB  - This article describes a case of hematuria and urethritis related to androgen
      stimulation in a female-to-male transsexual receiving testosterone cypionate.
      Biopsy of the affected urethral tissue revealed periurethral glands which
      demonstrated a strong positive reaction with immunoperoxidase staining for
      prostatic specific antigen. When the androgen stimulus was reduced, the patient's
      symptoms resolved. This report gives evidence for possible androgen-induced
      pathology in the female urethra.

PMID- 3686780
TI  - Treatment of endometriosis in patients with periureteric deposits.

PMID- 3686779
TI  - Technetium 99m scan in acute scrotal lesions.
AB  - Scrotal scintigraphy is nearly 100 per cent accurate in identifying testicular
      torsion and can distinguish that condition, which requires an operation, from
      torsion of testicular appendages, which often can be treated nonoperatively. The
      technique is 90 per cent accurate in distinguishing epididymo-orchitis,
      epididymitis, and testicular abscess and is valuable in the follow-up of
      testicular torsion or inflammation. It can screen patients for varicocele,
      identifying possible candidates for spermatic venography and embolization.
      However, it has nothing to offer in the differential diagnosis of painless
      testicular masses.

PMID- 3686781
TI  - Bilateral testicular tumors.

PMID- 3686782
TI  - Ureteric perforation after ureteroscopy.

PMID- 3686783
TI  - Feline struvite urolithiasis: fasting reduced the effectiveness of a urinary
      acidifier (ammonium chloride) and increased the intake of a low magnesium diet.
AB  - In three separate experiments nine male cats were fed either a canned complete
      diet or a commercially available dry pelleted diet or the same dry diet
      containing 1.6 per cent ammonium chloride for seven days and then fasted for 20
      hours. Then ad libitum feeding was continued and urine samples were taken at four
      hour intervals for 12 hours and a final sample 12 hours later. Urine pH and the
      presence of struvite crystals in urine sediment were evaluated. The food and
      water intake of four of the nine cats was measured at the time of urine
      collection. After the fast, urine pH was raised, even after feeding the dry diet
      supplemented with ammonium chloride. A post prandial rise in urine pH was also
      seen on all three diets. After feeding the dry diet the postprandial peak pH was
      7.97 and struvite occurred spontaneously. Urine pH after feeding the dry diet
      supplemented with ammonium chloride peaked at 7.75 then fell to 6.1 12 hours
      after the start of feeding. Struvite occurred spontaneously at all times until
      the pH reached 6.1 but when the pH of urine was raised to 7.0 the struvite
      crystallised. Urine pH on the canned complete diet peaked at 6.8 then fell to
      5.8; struvite did not occur spontaneously but when urine pH was raised to 7.0
      struvite crystallised except at the eighth and 12th hour sampling. These data
      show that fasting initiates a post prandial rise in urine pH and struvite
      crystalluria even when a normally effective urinary acidifier is used.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3686784
TI  - 'Tail-stump' defect affecting the spermatozoa of two Charolais bulls.
AB  - A specific spermatozoal defect was found in two apparently sterile Charolais
      bulls. Eighty to 90 per cent of the spermatozoa had a stump, or a droplet-like
      appendage, instead of a normal tail.

PMID- 3686785
TI  - Effect of ball-valve milking clusters on udder disease.
AB  - The multivalve or ball claw was developed to prevent the detrimental effects on
      udder disease from both 'impacts' and 'cross contamination' during machine
      milking. Air-bleeds were fitted to the short milk tubes to achieve a milking
      action similar to conventional machines and in contemporary comparisons with
      conventional clusters the multivalve claw reduced total new infections by 14 per
      cent and clinical mastitis by 25 per cent. Subsequent research revealed that
      exclusion of air from the multivalve claw (hydraulic milking) produced the
      expected flooding of the liners and a milking action that was gentler to the
      teats and gave advantages in terms of milking performance, reduced lipolysis and
      milk sensing. Although the pulsation rates and vacuum levels developed for
      conventional milking appear to be suitable for hydraulic milking, recent research
      demonstrates that there are many possibilities for modifying and controlling the
      operating conditions so as to improve the milking performance and the control
      over the forces applied to the teats. The electronic monitoring of milk
      components during milking and the metering of milk yield may also be made
      simpler.

PMID- 3686786
TI  - Effect of factors associated with insemination on calving rate in dairy cows.
AB  - The results of 7569 inseminations performed on 6007 cows in 94 dairy herds were
      used to investigate the relative importance of time of insemination, bull and
      inseminator on calving rates in dairy cows. Although the time of insemination in
      relation to the first observation of oestrus was shown to have some effect, the
      effect was minimal during the first 24 hours. The maximum difference in expected
      calving rates between cows served with semen from groups of bulls with a history
      of either low or high fertility was 20 per cent, and the maximum difference in
      expected calving rate between cows inseminated by groups of inseminators who had
      consistently achieved either low or high fertility was 13 per cent.

PMID- 3686787
TI  - Pregnancy established in cattle by transfer of embryos derived from in vitro
      fertilisation of oocytes matured in vitro.

PMID- 3686788
TI  - Basis of feline nutrition.

PMID- 3686789
TI  - Necrotic cellulitis in dairy cattle.

PMID- 3686790
TI  - Schistosomus reflexus.

PMID- 3686791
TI  - Equine gastric primary impaction.

PMID- 3686792
TI  - Induced oestrus and bone marrow suppression.

PMID- 3686793
TI  - Penicillin therapy of spontaneous streptococcal meningitis in pigs.
AB  - Oral prophylactic medication with either procaine penicillin G or a mixture of
      chlortetracycline, sulphadimidine and procaine penicillin G reduced the incidence
      of streptococcal meningitis in a herd of pigs with a high recorded prevalence of
      the disease, but to a significant extent (P less than 0.01) only in those pigs
      receiving procaine penicillin G. Subsequent studies showed that after oral
      administration of procaine penicillin G, benzylpenicillin was detectable in
      plasma only at very low concentration and similar results were obtained using the
      potassium salt of penicillin G. However, phenoxymethyl penicillin administered
      orally provided high plasma concentrations of this drug. A further investigation
      demonstrated that despite the low plasma concentrations of penicillin after oral
      administration of the procaine salt, gastrointestinal and urinary concentrations
      of the drug were relatively high for up to five hours.

PMID- 3686794
TI  - Atrophic rhinitis in goats in Norway.
AB  - The spontaneous occurrence of atrophic rhinitis in 12 of 49 goat herds in one
      area of Norway is described. The clinical signs included nose bleeding, nasal
      discharge, sneezing and tender noses. Pathologically, the macroscopic and
      histological findings resembled those found in pigs with atrophic rhinitis.
      Bacteriological investigation of nasal swabs in five of the herds revealed
      toxigenic strains of Pasteurella multocida in three of them. In four of the herds
      the clinical signs were seen in two or more consecutive years. No specific source
      of the infection was discovered. Atrophic rhinitis was induced experimentally in
      kids by the nasal inoculation of toxigenic strains of P multocida and atrophic
      rhinitis toxin.

PMID- 3686795
TI  - Functional changes induced by necrotic laryngitis in double muscled calves.
AB  - The effects of necrotic laryngitis on the mechanics of breathing and gas exchange
      were investigated in five Belgian blue double muscled calves two to three months
      old. All the animals showed the typical clinical picture of the respiratory
      syndrome associated with naturally occurring necrotic laryngitis. Highly
      significant increases in total pulmonary resistance, minute viscous work of
      breathing and alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient, and highly significant decreases
      in dynamic lung compliance and arterial oxygen tension were recorded in the
      infected animals, when compared to reference values for healthy cattle. The ratio
      of inspiratory to expiratory viscous work of breathing was also significantly
      increased probably because of a partial collapse of the extrathoracic trachea
      during inspiration. It was concluded that necrotic laryngitis disturbs pulmonary
      function to such an extent that it impedes the growing process and predisposes
      the infected animals to secondary bronchopneumonia and ventilatory failure due to
      respiratory muscle fatigue.

PMID- 3686796
TI  - Leptospira hardjo vaccination regime.

PMID- 3686797
TI  - Cloxacillin and IBK.

PMID- 3686798
TI  - Epidemic hypocalcaemia in toy breeds.

PMID- 3686799
TI  - Remote injection systems.

PMID- 3686800
TI  - Anaesthesia of guinea pigs.

PMID- 3686802
TI  - The efficacy of sulbactam-ampicillin in the therapy of respiratory disease
      associated with ampicillin resistant Pasteurella species in housed calves.
AB  - Sulbactam-ampicillin is a combination of sulbactam, a beta-lactamase inhibitor,
      and ampicillin, a broad spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic. The efficacy of
      sulbactam-ampicillin was evaluated in the treatment of calf respiratory disease
      associated with ampicillin-sensitive and ampicillin-resistant strains of
      Pasteurella haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida. Treatment with sulbactam
      ampicillin was compared with treatment with ampicillin alone in 123 Friesian
      calves, between three and five weeks old, exhibiting clinical signs of
      respiratory disease. Seven of the 59 calves treated with ampicillin died whereas
      only one death occurred in the 64 calves treated with sulbactam-ampicillin. In
      the calves which survived, treatment with sulbactam-ampicillin resulted in a
      significantly better clinical response, as measured by the reduction in severity
      of clinical signs. The results of bacteriological examinations indicated that
      there was a marked increase in the proportion of ampicillin-resistant isolates of
      P haemolytica subsequent to treatment with ampicillin, whereas the proportion of
      ampicillin-resistant isolates of P. haemolytica recovered from calves treated
      with sulbactam-ampicillin had declined. The superior efficacy of sulbactam
      ampicillin observed in this study is explained by the inhibitory effect of
      sulbactam on beta-lactamases produced by resistant bacteria, thus rendering them
      susceptible to the ampicillin.

PMID- 3686801
TI  - Scientific report on anabolic agents in animal production. Scientific Working
      Group on Anabolic Agents.

PMID- 3686803
TI  - An inactivated vaccine for contagious caprine pleuropneumonia.
AB  - The results from several experiments demonstrated that an effective vaccine for
      contagious caprine pleuropneumonia could be made with inactivated F38 mycoplasma.
      Evaluation of the amounts of lyophilised F38 mycoplasma plus saponin showed that
      the optimum formulation was 0.15 mg of mycoplasma in saponin. Saponin inactivates
      the mycoplasma and provides the adjuvant effect necessary to stimulate a
      protective immune response. The lyophilised F38 mycoplasma could be stored for 14
      months at either 4 degrees C or 22 degrees C without losing its immunising
      potential. A single immunisation with the optimum formulation produced a
      protective immune response in goats that lasted for longer than one year.

PMID- 3686805
TI  - BVA Animal Welfare Foundation aims.

PMID- 3686806
TI  - Grower scour/non-specific colitis.

PMID- 3686804
TI  - The veterinary relevance of farm animal ethology.
AB  - The world expects veterinary knowledge to encompass all aspects of the lives of
      animals. These include their management and welfare, not just their diseases.
      Modern research into behaviour is relevant to practical veterinary work, such as
      animal handling and disease diagnosis, and also to general management and
      welfare. Hence, all veterinary courses should include instruction in behaviour
      and those involved in veterinary work should be aware of new developments in the
      subject.

PMID- 3686807
TI  - Hormone ban.

PMID- 3686808
TI  - Intratracheal treatment in veterinary medicine.

PMID- 3686809
TI  - Avian haemophili.

PMID- 3686810
TI  - Beware of watered camels.

PMID- 3686811
TI  - Necrotic cellulitis in dairy cattle.

PMID- 3686812
TI  - A test of ethics.

PMID- 3686813
TI  - Review of product licences.

PMID- 3686814
TI  - Schistosomus reflexus 'howler'.

PMID- 3686815
TI  - The comparative acute toxicity and primary irritancy of the monohexyl ethers of
      ethylene and diethylene glycol.
AB  - Ethylene glycol monohexyl ether (EGHE) and diethylene glycol monohexyl ether
      (DGHE) are glycol ethers used as industrial solvents and coating materials, and
      whose acute handling hazards were investigated. Acute peroral LD50 values in the
      rat were for EGHE 1.67 ml/kg (males) and 0.83 ml/kg (females), and for DGHE 4.92
      ml/kg (males) and 3.73 ml/kg (females). Acute percutaneous LD50 values in the
      rabbit were for EGHE 0.81 ml/kg (males) and 0.93 ml/kg (females), and for DGHE
      2.14 ml/kg (males) and 2.37 ml/kg (females). There were neither deaths nor signs
      of toxicity or irritancy during or following a 6-hr exposure of rats to a
      statically generated substantially saturated vapor atmosphere from either EGHE or
      DGHE at ambient temperature. Occluded dermal application with 0.5 ml test
      material for 4-hr in rabbits produced moderate inflammation of several days
      duration, and half of the animals developed necrosis; with DGHE there was minor
      erythema and edema of about 24-hr duration. In the more demanding conditions of
      the acute percutaneous toxicity study (24-hr occlusions with up to 4.0 ml/kg)
      both EGHE and DGHE produced persistent erythema, edema, necrosis, and ecchymoses.
      Rabbit eye irritation studies showed severe effects (conjunctivitis and corneal
      injury) with both EGHE and DGHE. The major acute handling hazards with both EGHE
      and DGHE are by swallowing, sustained skin contact, and splash contamination of
      the eye.

PMID- 3686816
TI  - Interacting effects of zinc and cadmium on the cadmium distribution in the mouse.
AB  - Effects of zinc (Zn) on cadmium (Cd) distribution in the mouse body were
      investigated after intranasal administration. The amounts of Cd (2 x 10(-6)
      M/0.02 ml) reaching respiratory organs increased as the ip dose of pentobarbital
      increased. Administration of Zn with Cd (2 x 10(-6) M Zn + 2 x 10(-6) M Cd /0.02
      ml) further increased the Cd amounts reaching respiratory organs and increased
      mouse mortality. A single administration of Cd increased Cd levels in blood,
      liver, kidney and respiratory organs. High levels of Cd were maintained for at
      least 90 days in these organs after single administrations of Cd. The
      administration of Cd plus Zn further increased the Cd content in these organs
      during 0-60 min after administration. However, simultaneous administration of Zn
      with Cd inhibited prolonged Cd accumulation in kidney and liver. These results
      suggest that intranasally administered Zn (2 x 10(-6) M) has dual effects on Cd
      movement. Zn further increases the Cd levels in the lung and mouse mortality
      increases. On the contrary, Zn inhibits prolonged Cd accumulation in mice and
      decreases the chronic toxicity in mice that survive the acute phase.

PMID- 3686817
TI  - Effects of divicine, one of its degradation products and hydrogen peroxide on
      normal and pre-treated rat erythrocytes.
AB  - The effects of divicine (DV), one of its degradation products ("blue DV"), and
      H2O2 on normal and pre-treated rat erythrocyte (RBC) reduced glutathione (GSH)
      content, spontaneous hemolysis at different tonicity levels, optical absorption
      spectrum of the hemolysate, as well as on their morphology were investigated. The
      influence of experimental conditions (temperature, pre- and post-treatment
      incubation period, presence and absence of glucose in the medium, aerobic and
      anaerobic conditions and levels of DV and "blue DV") were also studied. Only DV
      caused a marked decrease in GSH, which is regenerated when the DV level is below
      4mM, and in the absence of glucose the regenerating capacity is abolished. DV and
      "blue DV" not only failed to induce hemolysis but they actually increased the
      cells' resistance to it; especially "blue DV", which probably lacked GSH
      depressing effect. DV caused changes in the absorption spectrum of the hemolysate
      and to some extent in that of a purified hemoglobin solution, whereas "blue DV"
      and H2O2 did not. DV also produced profound and long-lasting morphologic changes
      in the RBC.

PMID- 3686818
TI  - Tissue levels of ibuprofen after fatal overdosage of ibuprofen and acetaminophen.
AB  - Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent which is relatively safe and
      effective for the treatment of inflammatory disorders, but there are several
      reports of acute poisoning due to ibuprofen overdosage. Although the majority of
      ibuprofen overdosages are not very serious, acute renal failure, hepatic failure,
      and hypotension and coma have been described. We report here the case of a 48
      year-old male who committed suicide by ingesting overdosages of both ibuprofen
      and acetaminophen. The case is unique because of the role ibuprofen played in his
      death, and because we were able to measure levels of ibuprofen in tissues
      obtained from post mortem examination. Tissue levels of ibuprofen have not
      previously been reported in humans.

PMID- 3686819
TI  - Carbon monoxide exposure in the home: source and epidemiology.

PMID- 3686820
TI  - Physiopathologic changes in lambs fed with Astragalus lusitanicus Lam.
AB  - A study was made of acute experimental poisoning of lambs with A lusitanicus Lam.
      The animals suffered a nervous syndrome with physiopathologic changes in blood
      and cerebrospinal fluid indicative of nervous alterations. A lusitanicus Lam
      causes a form of "locoism" whose development may involve a thiamine deficiency.

PMID- 3686821
TI  - A case of hepatitis B virus infection associated with exposure to inhalation
      anesthetics.
AB  - A 27 year-old veterinary student developed jaundice and malaise during a 3-week
      period in which he was exposed to volatile anesthetic agents. Serological
      examination indicated that this was the result of a hepatitis B viral infection,
      but it is possible that this was exacerbated by exposure to volatile anesthetics.

PMID- 3686822
TI  - The toxicity of Burttia prunoides in rats and goats.
AB  - Studies of the toxicity of the leaves and seeds of the plant Burttia prunoides
      from Singida district of Tanzania were conducted in rats and goats. One group of
      rats was drenched with a decoction of powdered seeds or leaves while the other
      group was fed rations containing different proportions of powdered seeds or
      leaves. The goats were drenched with aqueous suspensions of powdered seeds or
      leaves. All animals were observed for behavioral changes and clinical signs.
      Leaves were not toxic to the rats or the goats. In rats the seeds induced a
      severe acute central nervous system (CNS) disorder and death and also a subacute
      syndrome characterized by emaciation and milder CNS signs. In goats the seeds
      induced a severe CNS disorder where unlike the rats the animals did recover.
      Postmortem findings in the rats included hemorrhage and inflammation of the
      glandular stomach and edema and congestion of the lungs, brain and mucosa of the
      gastrointestinal tract. The kidneys were congested and showed complete nephrosis
      of the proximal tubular epithelium. Livers were congested and had focal areas of
      necrosis. The findings in this study resemble those obtained in calves and sheep
      using the same plant.

PMID- 3686823
TI  - Evaluation study of the booklet "Preschoolers and Poisons".
AB  - Accidental poisonings remain a serious problem among young children. The booklet,
      "Preschoolers and Poisons," is part of the effort to educate the parents and
      caretakers to create a safe environment for their children. A pre-experimental,
      pre- and post-test, one group design, was employed with the purpose of
      determining if mothers of young children seen in St Paul Ramsey Medical Center's
      Pediatric Clinic had a gain in knowledge about accidental childhood poisoning and
      its prevention, and if they initiated preventive behavior after reading
      "Preschoolers and Poisons." The mothers' evaluation of the booklet was also
      solicited. A personal interview was used to collect data from a convenience
      sample of 40 mothers. The pre-test took place in the clinic, and the post-test
      over the phone, with an interim of 2 to 3 weeks. All participants read the
      booklet; 60% read the whole booklet and 40% read sections of interest. The
      mothers had a significant increase in knowledge, and a relationship between
      gained knowledge and age of the youngest child was found. The data showed that
      the Caucasian mothers in the study had a higher level of knowledge about
      accidental childhood poisonings and its prevention both before and after reading
      the booklet. Almost half of the mothers initiated preventive behavior. There was
      a positive relation between the initiation of preventive behavior and the age of
      the mother. Evaluations of the booklet were positive. Only 10% noted negative
      aspects such as the booklet being too short and missing a list of poisonous
      plants, while 80% identified positive aspects, such as the use of bright colors
      and the organization by age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3686824
TI  - Immunization with Brucella melitensis Rev 1 against Brucella ovis infection of
      rams.
AB  - The efficacy of Brucella Melitensis Rev 1 vaccine (Rev 1) for the prophylaxis of
      Brucella ovis ram epididymitis was evaluated. Twenty-nine 3-month-old rams were
      vaccinated with 2 X 10(9) Rev 1 and 14 were revaccinated with 5 X 10(8) at 14
      months of age. Six rams remained unvaccinated as a control group. All rams were
      challenged with 5 X 10(8) B. ovis at 21 months of age. Before being slaughtered 8
      weeks later, only one vaccinated ram developed epididymitis while four of the six
      control rams developed testicular alterations. Genital and selected extragenital
      organs and lymph nodes were removed at slaughter and inoculated on selective
      media. B. ovis was isolated from 26.6% of the vaccinated rams, 21.4% of the
      revaccinated rams and 100% of control rams. Portions of epididymis, testes and
      vesicular glands were also used for pathological studies. More severe lesions
      were observed in control rams than in vaccinated ones. In conclusion, these
      results show that vaccination of young lambs, followed or not by revaccination,
      is a suitable method for the prophylaxis of B. ovis infection of rams.

PMID- 3686825
TI  - Comparison of the reovirus serotype 1, 2, and 3 S3 genome segments encoding the
      nonstructural protein sigma NS.
AB  - The sequences of the S3 genome segments of reovirus serotype 1 and 2 prototype
      strains are presented and these sequences are compared with the sequence of the
      serotype 3 S3 genome segment. The S3 genome segment encodes the nonstructural
      protein sigma NS which possesses affinity for ssRNA and appears to function in
      reovirus morphogenesis. The three S3 genome segments are closely related: all are
      1198 nucleotides long and possess a single long open reading frame 366 codons
      long. They exhibit a serotype 1:3 relatedness pattern: there are only 13%
      mismatches between the S3 genome segments of serotypes 1 and 3, but 27 and 26%
      mismatches, respectively, between those of serotype 1 and 2 and serotype 3 and 2.
      The amino acid mismatches for the three sigma NS proteins are much lower (2.7,
      13.9, and 13.7%, respectively), because the majority of nucleotide mismatches are
      in third base codon positions. The three sigma NS proteins possess a conserved
      secondary structure that is rich in alpha-helix content; in fact, the predicted
      alpha-helix content of these nonstructural proteins (about 50%) is much higher
      than that of the three other sigma size class proteins (about 20%), all of which
      are structural proteins. We also sequenced the S3 genome segment of a ts mutant
      of serotype 3 generated by treatment with nitrous acid and found a single
      nucleotide change that specifies an amino acid change that introduces a five
      residue-long beta-sheet prone configuration into a long (80 amino acids) highly
      conserved alpha-helix in the C-terminal half of sigma NS. This change could
      account for this mutant's ts character. Finally, the three sigma NS proteins have
      diverged in only about 10% of positions, whereas the three sigma 1 proteins have
      diverged in about 70%. The rapid evolutionary divergence of the latter may be a
      result of several factors, including (i) the fact that sigma 1, but not sigma NS,
      is under immunologic selective pressure; (ii) the fact that the functions of
      sigma 1 (antigenicity and cell attachment) probably reside in two rather small
      domains that are not restricted spatially with respect to each other; and (iii)
      the fact that the functions of sigma NS, namely RNA binding and protein binding
      (during morphogenesis), require a highly specific overall protein configuration
      that may permit little variation.

PMID- 3686826
TI  - DNA-binding proteins specified by African swine fever virus.
AB  - [35S]Methionine-labeled proteins from total or cytoplasmic extracts of Vero cells
      infected with African swine fever virus were chromatographed on native and
      denatured DNA-cellulose and DNA-binding proteins were analyzed by SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), by DNA binding to Western blots,
      or by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Thirteen virus-specific DNA-binding
      proteins were detected by one-dimensional analysis. Major species have molecular
      mass 44,000 (44K), 38K, 20K, 18K, 14K, 13K, and 12K. The remaining DNA-binding
      proteins are proteins with molecular mass 130K, 110K, 35K, 33K, 17K, and 14.5K.
      When viral DNA used in the binding assay the results were very similar but the
      13K protein did not bind viral DNA. Seven other minor virus-specific DNA-binding
      proteins could be detected by two-dimensional analysis. This technique also
      enabled the assignment of virus-specific proteins. Seven of the virus-specific
      DNA-binding proteins are structural proteins. Twelve are late proteins, the
      remaining being early proteins synthesized before viral DNA replication. Most of
      the virus-specific DNA-binding proteins bind both to double-stranded and to
      single-stranded DNA. The 110K, 29K, and 18K DNA-binding proteins bind only to
      single-stranded DNA. Two virus-specific enzymatic activities, DNA polymerase and
      RNA polymerase, were present in the fractions separated by DNA-cellulose
      chromatography. The virus-specific single-stranded DNA nuclease did not bind to
      DNA.

PMID- 3686827
TI  - Complete nucleotide sequence of the Japanese encephalitis virus genome RNA.
AB  - The complete nucleotide sequence of the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) genome
      RNA was determined. The JEV genome contains 10,976 nucleotides and encodes a
      single long open reading frame (ORF) of 10,296 nucleotides corresponding to 3432
      amino acid residues. This long polypeptide is thought to be cleaved into three
      structural proteins and several nonstructural proteins of the virus. The genetic
      location of the three structural proteins was determined by comparing the deduced
      amino acid sequence from the nucleotide sequence with the N-terminal amino acid
      sequences that were determined from the three purified structural proteins. The C
      terminal region of the ORF may encode a RNA-dependent RNA polymerase which has
      significant sequence homology with those of other RNA viruses.

PMID- 3686828
TI  - Expression of enzymatically active adenovirus DNA polymerase from cloned DNA
      requires sequences upstream of the main open reading frame.
AB  - Replication of human adenovirus (Ad) DNA requires three virus-encoded proteins
      that are coordinately transcribed from a single promoter at early times after
      infection. The mRNAs for two of these proteins, the preterminal protein (pTP) and
      the Ad DNA polymerase (Ad Pol), share several exons, including one encoded near
      Ad genome coordinate 39. Plasmids containing the putative exons that encode Ad
      Pol mRNA were constructed to determine if enzymatically active Ad Pol protein
      could be synthesized. An Ad Pol of 140 kDa was detected by immunoprecipitation
      with specific antibody and its enzymatic activity was confirmed by
      complementation of Ad DNA replication in vitro. In addition to an Ad2 DNA
      fragment from 24.7 to 9.2 map units which contains an open reading frame for a
      protein of 120 kDa, the HindIII-J fragment that encodes the exon at genome
      coordinate 39 can be shown to be essential for production of full-length (140
      kDa), enzymatically active Ad Pol.

PMID- 3686829
TI  - Characterization of Tm-1 gene action on replication of common isolates and a
      resistance-breaking isolate of TMV.
AB  - Tm-1 is a gene which confers resistance to infection, in tomatoes, by tobacco
      mosaic virus (TMV). To investigate the biochemical mechanism of the resistance,
      we have established cell suspensions of three lines of tomatoes, i.e., +/+
      (susceptible, wild-type, no Tm-1 gene), Tm-1/+ (heterozygous for the Tm-1 gene),
      and Tm-1/Tm-1 (homozygous for the Tm-1 gene). Protoplasts isolated from these
      cells were inoculated with RNA of the tomato strain L and Lta1 (a resistance
      breaking strain which was recently isolated spontaneously from L) of TMV by means
      of electrophoration. The syntheses of all viral-coded proteins and TMV-specific
      RNAs could be detected in L-inoculated +/+ and Lta1-inoculated +/+, Tm-1/+, Tm
      1/Tm-1 protoplasts, while their production was markedly reduced in L-inoculated
      Tm-1/+ protoplasts. L strain could multiply in Tm-1/+ protoplasts to a greater
      extent with less delay when a large amount of inoculum RNA was used. However,
      viral production was completely blocked in Tm-1/Tm-1 protoplasts even when a
      large amount of L-RNA was used for inoculation.

PMID- 3686830
TI  - The sequence of adenovirus fiber: similarities and differences between serotypes
      2 and 5.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of the fiber from adenovirus type 5 has been deduced from
      the nucleotide sequence of the fiber gene. This sequence is compared with that of
      adenovirus type 2, a closely related serotype. We find 69% homology for the fiber
      protein whereas the known nonstructural proteins of these two serotypes have 99%
      sequence homology. A detailed sequence analysis was performed in the context of
      the model proposed by Green et al., [(1983), EMBO J., 8, 1357-1365] for the
      folding of the polypeptide chain of the adenovirus type 2 fiber. The N-terminal
      region, which in the virion is associated with the capsid, is identical for these
      two serotypes. In the shaft of the fiber the features, such as periodicity of the
      prolines and of the hydrophobic residues in the amino acid sequence, on which the
      model for the adenovirus type 2 is based are very well preserved in adenovirus
      type 5. On the other hand, there are large differences all along the sequence of
      the shaft of the fiber showing that there is a very limited homology between the
      amino acids in the two serotypes when they do not have a key role in establishing
      the structure. In the knob the homology between serotypes is 64%. These results
      are consistent with the differences between serotypes being confined to the
      exposed proteins.

PMID- 3686831
TI  - Comparison of the p26 gene region of two baculoviruses.
AB  - A 1.1-kb region of DNA containing the p26 gene of the multicapsid nuclear
      polyhedrosis virus of Orgyia pseudotsugata (OpMNPV) was sequenced,
      transcriptionally mapped, and compared to the same region in the MNPV of
      Autographa californica (AcMNPV). The mRNA start site of the p26 gene occurs about
      22 nucleotides downstream from an A/T-rich putative promoter sequence that is
      highly conserved between AcMNPV and OpMNPV. The p26 mRNA is transcribed through
      the p26 gene and coterminates with the p10 gene resulting in a mRNA containing
      copies of both genes. The reading frames of the OpMNPV and AcMNPV p26 genes
      showed 47% amino acid sequence homology which is clustered in six regions with
      over 65% amino acid homology. There was a distinct bias toward incorporation of
      G/C-rich codons in the OpMNPV p26 gene. No DNA homology was observed between the
      region upstream of the p26 gene in AcMNPV and OpMNPV. In AcMNPV, this region
      contains the homologous repeated (hr) sequence hr5. Hybridization of a plasmid
      containing an AcMNPV-repeated sequence (hr5) to Southern blots of the OpMNPV
      genome indicated that this repeated sequence is lacking in OpMNPV.

PMID- 3686832
TI  - Reducing agent-sensitive dimerization of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase
      glycoprotein of Newcastle disease virus correlates with the presence of cysteine
      at residue 123.
AB  - Viruses within the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) serotype induce a wide array of
      disease manifestations ranging from an almost apathogenic pattern to the high
      mortality caused by avirulent or virulent isolates, respectively. A disulfide
      linked dimer form of the NDV hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) glycoprotein can be
      demonstrated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under
      nonreducing conditions for only some of these isolates. For others, indeed the
      majority of those we have studied, no such reducing agent-sensitive dimeric form
      of HN is demonstrable. Apparently, there is no causal relationship between
      disulfide-linked dimeric HN and virulence. Using the deduced amino acid sequence
      of the dimeric HN of isolate AV as a basis for selection of oligonucleotide
      primers, we sequenced three additional reducing agent-sensitive dimeric HN
      glycoproteins and eight for which a disulfide-linked dimer has not been
      identified, using primer extension and dideoxy sequencing. The deduced amino acid
      sequences reveal a strict correlation between the presence of cysteine at residue
      123 and reducing agent-sensitive dimerization of HN.

PMID- 3686833
TI  - Reporting chronic conditions in the National Health Interview Survey. A review of
      findings from evaluation studies and methodological test.

PMID- 3686834
TI  - [The importance of collectivism training in medical schools].

PMID- 3686836
TI  - [Incidence of alloantibodies against erythrocytes detected during pretransfusion
      testing 1982-1986].

PMID- 3686835
TI  - [Immunologic phenotyping of plasmacytoma cells and their precursors].

PMID- 3686837
TI  - [Use of nuclear magnetic resonance in a study of erythrocyte metabolism].

PMID- 3686838
TI  - [Granulocyte transfusion therapy].

PMID- 3686839
TI  - [Changes in the blood in diabetes with a well-developed retinopathy].

PMID- 3686840
TI  - [Changes in thrombocytes after a single hemoperfusion].

PMID- 3686841
TI  - [Proteohormones as markers of malignant tumors. Paraneoplastic endocrine
      syndromes].

PMID- 3686842
TI  - [Markers of aging in the cardiovascular system detected by noninvasive methods].

PMID- 3686843
TI  - [The first steps on the road to perestroika. Interview by N. I. Liashenko].

PMID- 3686844
TI  - [Organization of a special tactical exercise with the medical staff during
      battalion drills].

PMID- 3686845
TI  - [Reserves for increasing the efficiency of the special training of the
      paramedical personnel in a troop unit].

PMID- 3686846
TI  - [A matter of paramount importance].

PMID- 3686847
TI  - [Magnetotherapy in the combined treatment of the suppurative complications of
      open injuries of soft tissues and bone].

PMID- 3686849
TI  - [Results and prospects of the use of plasmocytapheresis].

PMID- 3686848
TI  - [Monitored heparin therapy of sepsis].

PMID- 3686850
TI  - [Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of diphtheria in organized
      collectives of adults].

PMID- 3686851
TI  - [Outlook for the development of technical means for psychological job selection].

PMID- 3686852
TI  - [A method for the comprehensive regulation of the hygienic demands for man
      military technology systems].

PMID- 3686853
TI  - [Methodological approaches to detecting hyperlipidemia in flight personnel].

PMID- 3686854
TI  - [Organization of medical care in shipboard injuries].

PMID- 3686855
TI  - [Characteristics of the diagnosis and surgical treatment of meniscal injuries].

PMID- 3686856
TI  - [Endoscopic diagnosis of xray-negative stones in the ureter and calyx-pelvis
      system].

PMID- 3686857
TI  - [Experience in organizing the fluorographic study of personnel at a garrison
      hospital].

PMID- 3686859
TI  - [Smoking and the ion composition of the air].

PMID- 3686858
TI  - [Hyperbaric oxygenation in the intensive therapy of acute poisoning].

PMID- 3686860
TI  - [Use of a biopotential meter in traumatology practice].

PMID- 3686861
TI  - [Drainage in penetrating craniocerebral injuries].

PMID- 3686862
TI  - [Modified trocar-needle for puncture biopsy of the parietal pleura].

PMID- 3686863
TI  - [Use of a ward x-ray apparatus in the work of a mobile x-ray office].

PMID- 3686864
TI  - [Unit for the automatic aspiration of the stomach contents].

PMID- 3686865
TI  - [A device for determining the nearest point of distinct vision].

PMID- 3686866
TI  - [The training of military medical personnel: new boundaries].

PMID- 3686867
TI  - [Means for perestroika and acceleration of the work in scientific research
      institutes].

PMID- 3686868
TI  - [Electrocardiographic changes in patients following mud treatment and
      inhalations].

PMID- 3686869
TI  - [Effect of a shift in climatic and geographic conditions on the results of the
      sanatorium and health resort treatment of residents of Siberia with ischemic
      heart disease].

PMID- 3686870
TI  - [Possibilities of predicting and the reasons for the ineffectiveness of the
      sanatorium-health resort treatment of patients with chronic nonspecific lung
      diseases].

PMID- 3686871
TI  - [Effect of the local actions of decimeter waves on the respiratory and
      phosphorylating activity of the liver mitochondria in rabbits with experimental
      hepatitis].

PMID- 3686872
TI  - [Experience with the ambulatory treatment of tunnel neuropathies].

PMID- 3686873
TI  - [Correction of the disorders in immunity in top athletes using physical factors].

PMID- 3686874
TI  - [Effect of a UHF (27.12 MHz) electrical field on the dynamic stereotype in
      animals].

PMID- 3686875
TI  - [Prognosis of the results of UV irradiation in psoriasis].

PMID- 3686876
TI  - [Effect of an electromagnetic field on the function of the cardiovascular
      system].

PMID- 3686877
TI  - [Sanatorium stage of treatment in a system of prophylactic measures].

PMID- 3686878
TI  - [Approval of a method for the forced aeration of sulfide sludge].

PMID- 3686879
TI  - [Effect of temperature on the autochthonous microflora of naftusia mineral
      water].

PMID- 3686880
TI  - [Effect of the concentration and total content of organic substances in slightly
      mineralized waters on their therapeutic properties].

PMID- 3686881
TI  - [Acupuncture stimulation of the auricular points in hypertension patients with
      hypo- and eukinetic types of blood circulation].

PMID- 3686882
TI  - [Acupuncture effectiveness in treating patients with late radiation damage to the
      skin].

PMID- 3686884
TI  - [Goal-directed increase in the knowledge of therapeutic physical exercise of
      medical institute graduates--the future propagandists for the mass development of
      physical education].

PMID- 3686883
TI  - [Hydrogen sulfide baths and decimeter-wave therapy in treating patients with
      arthritis deformans].

PMID- 3686885
TI  - [Semiautomatic unit for bottling a concentrated radon solution].

PMID- 3686886
TI  - [Assessment of the information value of the functional indices in men with
      ischemic heart disease for optimizing conditioning programs].

PMID- 3686887
TI  - [Effect of various anti-inflammatory agents on the stability of lysosomes and
      peroxisomes and total catalase and acid phosphatase activity].
AB  - An increased permeability of kidney lysosomes from indomethacin and cortisone
      treated rats was found. Aspirin did not induce any changes in the rate of
      unmasking of latent acid phosphatase. This drug decreased the nonsedimentable
      catalase activity in kidney homogenates thus indicating an enhanced mechanical
      resistance of peroxisomes. Antiinflammatory drugs examined were shown to inhibit
      total catalase activity well expressed only after cortisone administration.

PMID- 3686888
TI  - [Hormonal aspects of cathepsin D regulation in seminal follicles].
AB  - Androgen-dependent regulation of cathepsin D activity was studied in rat seminal
      follicles. Cathepsin D, isolated from the follicles by means of ammonium sulfate
      fractionation, chromatography on Hb-Sepharose and Sephadex G-200, was similar to
      the enzyme from other tissues in molecular mass, Km for hemoglobin, pH optimum of
      activity, thermolability. Concentration of androgens in tissues affected the
      properties of purified cathepsin D: the enzyme activity, its sensitivity to
      thermoinactivation and to chymotryptic hydrolysis were increased as well as the
      pH optimum was expanded after orchidectomy. Testosterone restored the initial
      enzyme properties altered after castration.

PMID- 3686889
TI  - [Effect of glucagon on lysosomal proteinase activity after administration of
      tetramethylthiuram disulfide].
AB  - A pesticide tetramethylthiuram disulfide, administered per os at doses of 1/10
      and 1/5 LD50 within 5 days, inhibited the activity of proteolytic system in liver
      and kidney lysosomes as well as impaired the lysosomal membrane structure in
      these tissues. Glucagon, injected simultaneously with the pesticide, prevented
      its inhibitory effect on lysosomal proteinases but did not affect the enzymatic
      activity in unsedimented fraction and in blood serum.

PMID- 3686890
TI  - [Products of the proteolytic effect of cathepsin on various protein substrates].
AB  - Cathepsin B was shown to hydrolyze in calf thymus histones not only the peptide
      bonds involving alkaline amino acid residues but also the bonds involving
      aromatic amino acid residues. Thermo- and acid stable inhibitors of cysteine
      proteinases were found among the products of albumin hydrolysis by means of these
      enzymes as well as in the products of the enzymes autolysis.

PMID- 3686892
TI  - [Changes in carbohydrate metabolism during experimental alcoholic liver disease].
AB  - Decrease in activities of alcohol dehydrogenase and catalase, inhibition of
      mitochondrial glycerophosphate-, lactate-, malate-, succinate dehydrogenases as
      well as a decrease in the pool of oxidized nicotinamide coenzymes were observed
      in liver tissue of rabbits after per oral administration of 30% ethanol within
      two months. Ratios of substrates of tricarboxylic acid cycle were altered:
      concentrations of malate and oxaloacetate were decreased and content of alpha
      ketoglutarate exceeded distinctly the normal level. Content of glucose, pyruvic
      and lactic acids were also decreased in liver tissue.

PMID- 3686893
TI  - [Relation between the rate of ubiquinone biosynthesis and the activity of
      cholesterogenesis in the rat liver and kidney].
AB  - Incorporation of I-14C-acetate into ubiquinone and sterols was studied in liver
      and kidney tissues of rats after intragastric administration of cholesterol as
      well as in the animals kept within 2 days on a diet containing cholestyramine or
      after the bile duct ligation. The rate of incorporation of the labelled compounds
      into liver sterols was distinctly decreased within the night under the influence
      of cholesterol-containing diet, while the higher rate of incorporation of the
      labelled compounds was found in liver tissue of rats, treated with cholestyramine
      or after bile duct ligation as well as in control animals during night.
      Regression-correlation analysis demonstrated the positive linear correlation
      between rates of incorporation of the labelled compounds into ubiquinone and
      sterols in liver tissue of all the rat group studied. The corresponding
      correlation was less distinct in kidney tissue.

PMID- 3686894
TI  - [Proceedings of the 3d All-Union Symposium on the Structure and Function of
      Lysosomes. Tbilisi, November 1986].

PMID- 3686891
TI  - [Pseudoexfoliative syndrome. Possible role of C-reactive protein and
      autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of the disease].
AB  - Participation of acute inflammatory proteins (C-reactive protein, alpha-I
      inhibitor of proteinases, C1q component of complement, IgG and IgM) in
      pathogenesis of pseudoexfoliative syndrome (PES) and, particularly of senile
      cataract was studied. In the course of the syndrome development blood vessel
      permeability was increased in the anterior chamber of the eye. Content of
      proteins in aqueous humor was increased 10-fold and even more as compared with
      normal state. High amount of proteins, main fractions of which were located at
      zones of 68,000, 37,000 and 20,500 D, were detected after polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis in presence of sodium dodecylsulfate. The zone of a protein with
      molecular mass of 20,500 D was found in presence of a reducing agent; in absence
      of the latter the zone was only slightly visible. The enzyme-labelled assay, used
      for detection of antigens in lens capsule, enabled to find such antigens as C
      reactive proteins, IgG, IgM and less distinctly C1q component of complement.

PMID- 3686895
TI  - [Lysosomotropic agents as regulators of the activity of lysosomal hydrolases].
AB  - Activities of lysosomal enzymes acid phosphatase, N-acetyl-beta-D
      glucosaminidase, beta-galactosidase, acid lipase and cathepsins B and D were
      studied after accumulation of neutral red, acridine orange chloroquine and
      daunorubicin in lysosomes of fibroblasts of the LSM substrain. All the drugs
      studied proved to be inhibitors of these enzymes except of daunorubicin, which
      stimulated acid lipase activity. Lysosomotropic drugs are considered as possible
      regulators of the activity of lysosomes.

PMID- 3686896
TI  - [Acid hydrolase activity and permeability of lysosomal membranes of
      cardiomyocytes and hepatocytes in extreme states].
AB  - Activity of some lysosomal enzymes was studied in the primary heart cell culture
      of newborn rats under conditions of hypoxia and in isolated ischemic perfused
      heart, in liver and heart tissues of dogs after traumatic shock and after
      experimental myocardium infarction as well as in liver tissue of rats after 10
      min experimental heart arrest and during the postresuscitation period. Decrease
      in cAMP and elevation in cGMP levels, impairment of the adenylate cyclase
      hormonal regulation, decrease in activity of cAMP-dependent protein kinases were
      shown to correlate distinctly with an increase of acid hydrolases free activity
      in liver and heart cell cytoplasm of dogs with traumatic shock and with
      experimental myocardium infarction. Free activity of acid phosphatase was
      increased in primary heart cell culture under conditions of hypoxia and in
      isolated ischemic perfused rat heart. Intraperitoneal administration of cAMP
      containing liposomes into the rats with 10 min heart arrest led to stabilization
      of liver lysosomal membranes within 1 hr of 4 hrs of the post-resuscitation
      period. The mechanisms involved in stabilization of lysosomal membranes are
      discussed.

PMID- 3686898
TI  - [Chronobiology of lysosomes].
AB  - Circadian and seasonal alterations of lysosomes were studied in myocardium and
      hepatocytes of intact rabbits by means of electron microscopy and biochemical
      techniques. The daily-seasonal rhythm of lysosomes was related to concentration
      of free fatty acids in blood as well as to helio-geomagnetical activity.

PMID- 3686897
TI  - [Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of pH values in lysosomes from different
      types of cells cultured in situ].
AB  - Distinct variety of the pH value, at the ranges of pH 4.5-7.0, was found in
      lysosomes. Small lysosomes exhibited lower pH values as compared with large
      organelles. These lysosomes were measured in cultures of normal cells (hamster
      fibroblasts, pig embryonal kidney cells, primary culture of chicken embryonal
      fibroblasts) and of tumoral cells (neurinoma of rat trigeminal ganglion). Studies
      of individual lysosomes demonstrated that temporal alterations in the pH value
      reached up to 1.5 un of the pH period 15-45 min. Distinct space-temporal
      heterogeneity of the cellular lysosomal apparatus in the pH value enabled to
      create optimal conditions for enzymatic systems catalyzing hydrolysis of various
      macromolecules. The mean values of pH were very similar in all the cultivated
      cells studied, within ranges of pH 5.5-5.8, which appears to depend on the
      similarity of functions of the lysosomal apparatus in the cells of various
      classes.

PMID- 3686899
TI  - [Activity of lysosomal hydrolases in the rat liver, spleen and thymus during
      antigenic stimulation and vitamin A administration].
AB  - Total activity of cathepsins A, B, C, D as well as of arylsulfatases A and B were
      studied in liver, spleen, thymus tissues of rats after peroral administration of
      vitamin A at a daily dose of 30,000 IU within 3 days and the following
      immunization with sheep erythrocytes. Under conditions of immunization with T
      dependent antigen the immunostimulating effect of vitamin A was accompanied by
      the distinct activation of lysosomal proteinases in liver and spleen tissues but
      did not affect the functional state of thymocyte lysosomal apparatus. The
      reaction of lysosomal hydrolases observed was considered as one of biochemical
      steps in development of humoral immunity.

PMID- 3686900
TI  - [Lysosomal hydrolase activity in the rat liver and serum depending upon the
      quality of dietary proteins].
AB  - Activity of lysosomal hydrolases cathepsins B, C, D and acid phosphatase was
      studied in liver tissue and blood serum of rats, ration of which contained 18%
      and 36% of the sunflower protein concentrate within one and three months. The
      control animals were maintained on rations with corresponding amount of casein.
      Activity of the proteinases studied tended to decrease in liver tissue of
      experimental animals, whereas activity of cathepsins C and D differed from the
      initial level after 3 months on the experimental diet. These alterations were
      dissimilar in blood serum: activity of cathepsin C was decreased within 1 month,
      while the enzyme activity as well as that of acid phosphatase was increased to
      the end of the experimental period (3 months). The data obtained suggest that
      lysosomal enzymes are sensitive to alterations in qualitative composition of the
      ration proteins; this property of the enzymes may serve as a criterion in medico
      biological evaluation of new proteins in foodstuffs.

PMID- 3686901
TI  - [Characteristics of the activation of lysosomal enzymes in the rat liver after
      death and during resuscitation].
AB  - Alterations in activity of lysosomal acid phosphatase and cathepsin D, as well as
      of hepatocyte ultrastructure were studied in rat liver tissue after experimental
      heart arrest within 10 and 30 min and during the early post-resuscitation period.
      Cathepsin D free activity in a supernatant fraction as well as both enzymatic
      activities in lysosomal fraction were increased after 30 min heart arrest.
      Activity of acid phosphatase and cathepsin D in lysosomes was decreased, while
      the activity of the free enzymes was increased within 1 and 4 hrs after
      resuscitation. Triton X-100 (0.025%) caused labilization of lysosomal membranes.
      Alterations in ultrastructure of hepatocytes were observed within 30 min of the
      heart arrest and within first hour of the post-resuscitation period. The
      lysosomal membranes tended to normalization within 24 hrs after the post
      resuscitation period, whereas the enzymatic activity remained elevated. Role of
      lysosomes in regulation of intracellular metabolism is discussed.

PMID- 3686902
TI  - [Study of intralysosomal protein catabolism using lysosomotropic agents-
      proteolysis and protease inhibitors].
AB  - Inhibition of intralysosomal catabolism of proteins was studied in rat liver
      cells using lysosomotropic drugs suramin (single administration at a dose of 250
      mg/kg within 24 and 48 hrs) and chloroquine (at a dose of 30 mg/100 g within 0.5,
      1, 3, 6 and 12 hrs after administration). Suramine inhibited pure preparations of
      cathepsin B and L, while chloroquine inhibited cathepsins B, L and H. The
      inhibitors were effective in vitro at lower concentrations as compared with these
      administered in vivo. Less distinct inhibitory effect was observed in the
      incubation mixture containing an extract of rat liver lysosomes. After
      administration of the inhibitors in vivo the activity of lysosomal proteinases
      was not inhibited in rat liver homogenates, which appears to occur due to complex
      formation between these lysosomotropic drugs and proteins.

PMID- 3686903
TI  - [Methodological approaches to the study of the etiology of human tumors].

PMID- 3686904
TI  - [Combined treatment of lung cancer].
AB  - The results of surgical and combined treatment of 2025 cases of differentiated
      cancer of the lung are compared. There was no difference in treatment results for
      stages I-II. In stage III tumor treatment, preoperative radiotherapy or
      postoperative polychemotherapy were followed by relative increase in 5-year
      survival. When intrathoracic lymph nodes were involved, combined treatment
      including pre- or postoperative radiotherapy was a procedure of choice since it
      was followed by better end results.

PMID- 3686905
TI  - [Prognostic value of dark cells and desmosomes in squamous cell carcinoma of the
      lung].
AB  - An electron microscopic study of 30 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung
      of varying degree of cell differentiation was aimed at evaluating prognostic
      significance of ultrastructural features of tumor. A high level of dark cells was
      found to be associated with poor prognosis whereas the presence of well-formed
      and multiple cellular contacts (desmosomes) was in direct correlation with
      survival.

PMID- 3686906
TI  - [Prognostic value of ultrastructural characteristics of dysplastic changes in the
      esophagus].
AB  - Dysplasia foci in the esophageal squamous epithelium against the background of
      various reactions of proliferation were studied by electron microscopy. Slightly
      altered tissue showed diverse cellularity, with dark cambial elements invariably
      present. With dysplasia advancing, the cell composition became uniform, with a
      high nuclear-cytoplasmic index. The dark cell pattern with numerous ribosomes was
      seen more often than that of keratinized clear cells. Small-cell focal
      proliferations are highly suggestive of precancer. Electron microscopy may be
      instrumental in eliciting more information on the risk of esophageal squamous
      epithelium precancer progressing to cancer since it provides data on cell
      composition, degree of cell differentiation and polysome formation as well as
      early signs of keratinization.

PMID- 3686907
TI  - [Structure of the blood microcirculatory bed in intramural uterine myomas].
AB  - Histological, morphometric and histochemical examination of uterine samples was
      carried out in 33 cases of intramural myoma (aged 26-45) and 32 autopsied
      controls with unaltered uterus (20-45 years). Peripheral areas of myomas showed a
      polymeric-homonomous structure of the blood microcirculatory bed. However, it was
      characterized by higher specific volumes of all components as compared to
      controls. This, perhaps, may account for local circulatory hyperestrogenism which
      supports myoma progression. Pronounced changes in the structure of microvessels
      of the central areas were matched by a 2-4-fold decrease in their specific
      volumes. The degree of said alteration in other areas of the myometrium was found
      to be in direct correlation with the size of myoma.

PMID- 3686908
TI  - [Organ-preserving treatment in oncogynecology].
AB  - The paper discussed the results of organ-saving treatment carried out in 388
      cases of cancer of the cervix uteri (Ca in situ), early endometrial carcinoma and
      stage IIa tumors of the ovary. The choice of the procedure should be made on
      reliable evidence on tumor extension and morphology. Favorable end results and
      preservation of reproductive function justify the use of said treatment and opens
      up new vistas in research.

PMID- 3686909
TI  - [The role of cytological studies in evaluating the severity of dysplasia during
      prophylactic gynecological examinations (cooperative study)].
AB  - Cytologic examination of scrapings from the uterine cervix was carried out in 498
      patients in whom moderate or severe dysplasia of the squamous epithelium or
      suspicion for cancer were established in the course of gynecologic screening. The
      said pathology was diagnosed in 0.63% of screeneses. Cytologic follow-up of 57
      cases of severe dysplasia established that, in patients over 40 years of age, it
      tended to progress to Ca in situ. This tendency was registered within 6-36 months
      and continued after a second biopsy. Severe dysplasia did not recur in the 20-40
      year-old group. The extent of cervical biopsy (excision or conization) in severe
      dysplasia should be considered versus patients' age.

PMID- 3686910
TI  - [Benzo(a)pyrene and the carcinogenic effect of coal tar].
AB  - The carcinogenic effects of coal tar and benzo(a)pyrene were compared. The agents
      were applied to murine skin, with coal tar dose being adjusted for
      benzo(a)pyrene. The carcinogenic effect of coal tar appeared higher than that of
      benzo(a)pyrene, the relative carcinogenic risk of the former being 3.2 times that
      of the latter. The coefficient of relative carcinogenic risk of coal tar
      calculated on the basis of TD56 regression coefficients for dose-effect
      relationship and mean latent period ratios was averagely 1.5.

PMID- 3686911
TI  - [The immunomodulator thymalin in the experimental chemotherapy of tumors].
AB  - Experiments on inbred and noninbred mice showed thymalin to potentiate the
      therapeutic effect of cytostatic drugs. Thymalin treatment was followed by
      inhibition of tumor growth and dissemination, increase in the animal's life span
      and amelioration of antitumor drug-induced immunodepression.

PMID- 3686912
TI  - [Effectiveness of combined radiotherapy in patients with cancer of the corpus
      uteri].
AB  - An analysis of the results of complex radiation treatment of 153 cases of cancer
      of the corpus uteri was performed. The five-year survival rate was 65.1%. Stage,
      histologic pattern of tumor, patient's age and intracavitary radiation technique
      appeared to be factors of treatment efficacy. Application of 60Co spherical
      radioactivity sources was followed by a significantly higher 5-year survival than
      that of linear ones.

PMID- 3686913
TI  - [Reconstruction of mesenteric vessels during surgical treatment of pancreatic
      cancer].

PMID- 3686914
TI  - [Surgical treatment of giant-cell tumors of the spinal cord (2 observations)].

PMID- 3686915
TI  - [Discussion on the article by Belitskii and Khudolei, "Short-term tests in the
      detection of human chemical carcinogens"].

PMID- 3686916
TI  - [Rational combinations of hormonal and cytostatic agents in disseminated forms of
      breast cancer].
AB  - The report deals with the results of chemotherapy of 25 cases of advanced breast
      cancer. The patients had received tamoxifen + diethylstilbestrol (or
      chlorotrianizen) to stimulate a short-term proliferation in tumor and to
      potentiate the effect of cytostatic drugs. Complete regression of tumor was
      observed in I case and partial regression--in 12 cases (overall response--52%).
      Tumor growth stimulation effect was assessed on the basis of changes in DNA
      synthesis rate and proliferative pool as evidenced by repeated biopsy of tumor.

PMID- 3686917
TI  - [Genetic analysis of predisposition to cancer of the stomach].
AB  - The results of a complex family and population epidemiologic study of gastric
      cancer pointed to inheritance as an important factor of the incidence of this
      disease. However, there may be different combinations of genetic factors, on the
      one hand, and genetic and environmental ones, on the other, versus age and sex.
      This should be considered in conducting screening for families at genetic risk
      for stomach cancer and taking measures aimed at eliminating carcinogenic factors
      which increase the likelihood of familial cancer incidence. Such considerations
      should contribute to a certain degree to early diagnosis and prevention of the
      disease.

PMID- 3686918
TI  - [Daily excretion of melatonin in patients with cancer of the stomach and large
      intestine].
AB  - Diurnal excretion of melatonin was studied in 37 cases of gastric and rectal
      cancer. In cancer patients nocturnal excretion was lower than in daytime while in
      healthy subjects the situation was reversed. Increased extrapineal production of
      melatonin as a possible cause of disorders in its excretion rhythm is discussed.

PMID- 3686919
TI  - [The role of lymphography in the choice and planning of treatment in patients
      with malignant tumors of the lesser pelvis].
AB  - Lymphographic studies were carried out in 1070 patients to identify patterns of
      lymphogenic dissemination of cancer of the cervix and corpus uteri, prostate,
      urinary, bladder and rectum. A direct correlation between the frequency and
      degree of metastatic spread and local extension of tumor process was established.
      The most frequent sites for metastasis were the external and common iliac lymph
      nodes. Whatever the site of primary tumor or the predominant direction of its
      growth, these lymph nodes on both sides of the pelvis and lumbar area were
      involved. The significance of lymphographic results for selecting and planning
      treatment modalities as well as indications for lymphography were identified.

PMID- 3686920
TI  - [Pharmacological electrocardiographic tests in the differentiation of functional
      and organic changes in the myocardium in malignant neoplasms].
AB  - Differentiation between functional and organic changes in the myocardium is
      essential for choosing treatment modality and, particularly, premedication.
      Individually-tailored application of standard pharmacological ECG tests using
      atropine, inderal and other drugs is still justified. They are more available
      than some newly-developed methods which are diagnostically superior.

PMID- 3686921
TI  - [Congenital disorders of tyrosine metabolism and their correction in children
      with tumors].
AB  - The paper deals with the evaluation of quantitative indexes of urine excretion of
      tyrosine and its metabolites--highly carcinogenic p-hydroxyphenyllactic acid and
      homogentisic acid--in infants suffering various tumors and their parents. Also,
      the effect of ascorbic acid (100 mg/kg body weight daily) on tyrosine metabolism
      was studied. The sick children and their parents showed increased urine excretion
      of tyrosine and p-hydroxyphenyllactic acid matched by a decrease in that of
      homogentisic acid. The said changes suggest inhibition of p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate
      dioxygenase (CE 1.13.11.27). High doses of ascorbic acid were shown to arrest or
      significantly inhibit the excretion of carcinogenic metabolite of tyrosine in
      patients with hemoblastoses and nephroblastoma.

PMID- 3686922
TI  - [Alkylating derivatives of 2-amino-2-deoxysugars and 1-methylamino-1-deoxypolyols
      (synthesis and experimental study)].
AB  - A number of derivatives of 2-amino-2-deoxysaccharides and 1-methylamino-1
      deoxypolyols acylated by cytotoxic phenylalkanic and amino acids were synthesized
      and experimentally tested for antitumor activity. Some compounds showed a high
      antitumor activity against plasmacytoma MOPC-406: a 2-fold increase in
      experimental animals survival and a 80--100% cure rate were observed.
      Physicochemical properties, particularly, stability in aqueous solution and
      antitumor activity of one of the most potent compounds--1-methylamino-1-deoxy-1
      N[p-di(2-chloroethyl) aminophenylacetyl]-D-glucitol (Agluphen)--are described in
      detail.

PMID- 3686923
TI  - [Effect of ascorbic acid on the induction of uterine sarcomas in mice].
AB  - Administration of ascorbic acid (0.3, 0.75 or 1.5%) in drinking water started
      after the treatment of female CBA mice with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine and estradiol
      dipropionate inhibited the growth of uterine sarcomas. The inhibitory effect
      depended upon dosage to some extent. When administered together with estradiol
      dipropionate to intact mice, ascorbic acid arrested uterine growth associated
      with estrogen treatment.

PMID- 3686924
TI  - [Determination of benzopyrene-hydroxylase (cytochrome P-450) activity in patients
      with lung cancer].
AB  - The study was concerned with comparison of inducibility index (ii) for
      benzopyrene-hydroxylase in mitogen-activated lymphocytes in patients with primary
      cancer of the lung, other cancers (breast, stomach, lower lip, rectum, skin and
      thyroid gland) and in lymphocytes of blood donors. The highest ii values were
      registered in bronchogenic carcinoma patients. Smokers, both lung cancer patients
      and healthy donors, revealed high values (80.0 and 83.3%, respectively). A
      modified "lymphocytic test" to assess the risk factor for primary lung cancer is
      suggested.

PMID- 3686925
TI  - [Mechanisms of impairment of gas exchange and hemodynamics following
      pneumonectomy in patients with lung cancer].
AB  - A correlation analysis of basic indexes of gas exchange and hemodynamics observed
      on day 4 postpneumonectomy was carried out in 56 patients. Factors accounting for
      relevant dysfunction were studied. Patterns of postoperative changes in basic
      parameters were established. Respiratory insufficiency was due to ventilation
      perfusion balance derangement caused by obstruction and lung hypertension, and
      compromised pulmonary blood flow in a single lung because of decreased cardiac
      output.

PMID- 3686926
TI  - [Changes in hemostasis in patients with cancer of the stomach].
AB  - A hemocoagulation study of patients with stage I-IV stomach tumors revealed
      hypercoagulemia and inhibited fibrinolysis regarded as a prethrombotic state. The
      changes were more pronounced in extensive tumor process (stage IV). Some patients
      showed initial signs of thrombohemorrhagic syndrome.

PMID- 3686927
TI  - [Cytologic diagnosis of rectal melanoma].
AB  - The cytologic characteristics of malignant melanoma of the rectum are discussed
      in the paper. The study was based on the data of examination of 13 cases (pigment
      free tumor--6 cases). The basic cytologic features of malignant melanoma were
      diverse cellularity, presence of binuclear cells, and granules or diffuse
      inclusion of melanin. Three histologic patterns of tumor were identified:
      epithelioid, spindle-cell and polymorphous cell. Two cases of pigment-free
      malignant melanoma of the anorectal area were misdiagnosed as squamous cell
      carcinoma which was due to reactive changes developing in the cells of the
      stratified squamous epithelium.

PMID- 3686928
TI  - [Cytological characteristics of aspirates from cancer of the prostate].
AB  - The results of a macro- and microscopic study of aspirate obtained from prostatic
      cancer patients in 253 needle biopsies are presented. In well-differentiated
      cancer, it was abundant, blood-stained, with large layers of the prostatic
      epithelium and insignificant atypia and polymorphism of tumor cells. Aspirate
      from moderately-differentiated tumors was scarce, generally blood-free, with
      small layers of the epithelium and considerable levels of isolated moderately
      polymorphous cells. In poorly-differentiated tumors, aspirate was also abundant
      but usually blood-free and contained isolated sharply polymorphous tumor cells.

PMID- 3686929
TI  - [Characteristics of clinical manifestations, treatment and possibilities in the
      prevention of cancer of the cervical stump].
AB  - The effectiveness of combined and complex radiotherapy of 75 patients with cancer
      of the cervical stump is compared. It was found that uterine fibromyoma is often
      concomitant to cancer and precancer of the cervix and corpus uteri.

PMID- 3686930
TI  - [Metastatic spread in various pathogenetic variants of choriocarcinoma].
AB  - The analysis of data on 208 cases of choriocarcinoma of different pathogenetic
      types established certain regularities of tumor dissemination into various
      organs. Metastases were observed in 33.3 +/- 5.1% of cases of choriocarcinoma of
      pathologic pregnancy. Dissemination was twice more frequent in patients suffering
      choriocarcinoma of normal (full-term or interrupted) pregnancy (56.2 +/- 4.5%; t
      = 3.4).

PMID- 3686931
TI  - [Comparative study of the activity of proteinase inhibitors in mononuclear cells
      isolated from the blood of healthy women and patients with breast cancer].

PMID- 3686932
TI  - [Advisability of relaparotomy after non-radical surgery for malignant tumors of
      the uterus and ovaries].

PMID- 3686933
TI  - [Monochemotherapy of epidermoid lung cancer].

PMID- 3686934
TI  - [Masculinization and hypervirilism in cancer patients].

PMID- 3686935
TI  - [The role and place of work ability evaluation in the rehabilitation of cancer
      patients].

PMID- 3686936
TI  - Quantification of platelet-bound alloantibodies by radioimmunoassay: a study on
      some variables.
AB  - Several variables that may affect accurate measurement of platelet-associated IgG
      (PA-IgG) were studied using a radioimmunoassay of the consumption type. The
      amount of PA-IgG of washed, unfixed normal donor platelets was 1.0 +/- 0.9 fg
      IgG/platelet (mean +/- 2 SD). Upon storage of washed platelets in a buffer
      containing EDTA, the amount decreased significantly to 0.2 +/- 0.2 fg
      IgG/platelet. Simultaneously, an increase in modal platelet volume was observed.
      Similar results were obtained when platelets were fixed with paraformaldehyde
      (PFA). We postulate that this decrease in PA-IgG is caused by the release of
      plasma IgG entrapped by the surface-connected canicular system of the platelet,
      when the platelets swell during storage in EDTA or fixation with PFA. This
      presence of varying amounts of entrapped plasma IgG may cause the wide
      discrepancies in PA-IgG found in normal donor platelets as well as platelets from
      ITP patients by other investigators. A good quantification of platelet-bound
      alloantibodies was possible with our assay when platelets were routinely fixed to
      diminish the amount of nonspecific PA-IgG. This was demonstrated with different
      anti-Zwa (= anti-PlA1), anti-Baka and anti-HLA sera. We also observed that
      fragments of platelets as well as fragments of cells of other types can cause
      aspecifically increased Pa-IgG values and can thus interfere with the proper
      measurement of platelet-bound antibodies in all kinds of immunoassays in general.

PMID- 3686937
TI  - Amount and type of leukocytes in 'leukocyte-free' red cell and platelet
      concentrates.
AB  - The exact number of leukocytes remaining in 'leukocyte-free' red cell and
      platelet concentrates cannot be measured by standard methods. We have therefore
      developed methods to harvest all the leukocytes from blood components. The
      leukocytes were then counted and identified using monoclonal antibodies. The
      leukocyte-free red cell concentrates were prepared by combining buffy coat
      removal and filtration through a Cellselect filter. The mean number of leukocytes
      per unit was 1.0 X 10(5). Most of the leukocytes were granulocytes and T cells.
      Only a few B cells or monocytes could be detected. Leukocyte-free platelets were
      prepared by filtering 4 units of PC through a cotton-wool (Imugard) filter. The
      mean number of leukocytes per PC unit was 0.4 X 10(5) of which 85-95% were T
      cells.

PMID- 3686938
TI  - Higher ATP level and reduced glucose consumption of red cells stored in PVC bags
      compared to glass bottles.
AB  - Whole blood stored for 21 days at +4 degrees C in glass bottles showed a decrease
      in plasma glucose content of 6.6 mM/l, while blood stored in polyvinylchloride
      bags had a decrease of only 5.3 mM/l. At the same time, red cell ATP was reduced
      to 69% in bottles compared to 80% in bags (statistically proved differences). The
      higher red cell ATP level may explain the increased stability of red cells stored
      in DEHP-plasticized blood bags. The reduction in glucose consumption suggested
      that the decrease of red cell ATP and plasma glucose content may be a result of
      some unidentified inhibitory effects of DEHP on biochemical processes.

PMID- 3686939
TI  - Studies on the mechanism of human red cell loss of viability during storage at +4
      degrees C in vitro. III. Effects of mixing during storage.
AB  - Red cells supended in saline-adenine-glucose-mannitol solution were stored for 42
      days at +4 degrees C. One portion was packed by centrifugation and stored
      unmixed; the other portion was mixed once a week. Red cell fluidity and adenine
      nucleotide concentration were significantly lower in unmixed than in mixed units
      and also differed within the packed layer, showing a decrease towards the bottom.
      Hemolysis was 2.5-fold and microvesiculation 5-fold higher in cells stored
      unmixed. It is suggested that, during liquid storage, an early accumulation of
      acid metabolites in the bottom part of packed red cells may play an important
      role both for adenylate loss and microvesiculation, but lack of membrane
      stabilizing action of diethylhexylphthalate may in part explain the latter. Both
      of these two changes are factors associated with impaired red cell viability.
      Mixing appears essential to optimize storage conditions for red cells.

PMID- 3686940
TI  - Evaluation of a new microporous filtration membrane system for therapeutic plasma
      exchange.
AB  - A new therapeutic plasma exchange device developed by Sarns Inc./3M was evaluated
      in plasmapheresis of 20 healthy volunteers and in a multicenter clinical study of
      therapeutic plasma exchange that included 49 patients. Safety and efficacy of
      plasma separation from whole blood were assessed for a module that contains
      Durapore microporous surfactant-free polyvinylidene fluoride membrane (Millipore
      Corp., Bedford, Mass., USA). The extra-corporeal volume was 80 ml. Citrate and
      heparin anticoagulants were utilized. Mean plasma separation efficiency was 62%
      with unhindered passage of plasma proteins through the membrane pores and no
      hemolysis or activation of complement as measured by total hemolytic complement
      (CH50) and C3 conversion. Mean decrease in platelet count after procedures was
      10%. No severe reactions occurred, and citrate effects (13%) were comparable to
      values reported with centrifugal instruments. The Sarns Inc./3M Therapore device
      is a rapid, safe and efficient system for plasma exchange and potentially for
      source plasma collection. The principal benefits are small extracorporeal volume
      and cell-free filtrate.

PMID- 3686941
TI  - Assessment of a new centrifugal plasmapheresis machine: the SPC-600.
AB  - An approach to the full assessment of new plasmapheresis machines is outlined.
      This involves testing for changes in donated blood, donors and blood components
      using fresh donor blood and during full procedures in an animal model prior to
      performing full procedures in human volunteers. Using this approach, a new
      centrifugal plasmapheresis machine, the SPC-600, was assessed. No adverse effects
      associated with the use of the machine were detected in the initial studies. When
      used for plasmapheresis of volunteers, 500 ml of plasma was obtained in 43 +/- 4
      min without adverse effects on donors. The plasma product contained normal levels
      of plasma proteins, including factor VIII, and 20 +/- 6 X 10(9)/1 platelets.
      There was no evidence of activation of complement or coagulation systems, and the
      factor VIII yield in cryoprecipitate prepared from single donations of plasma was
      equivalent to that observed for standard whole blood donations.

PMID- 3686942
TI  - Early treatment by plasmapheresis in a woman with multiple abortions and the rare
      blood group p.
AB  - Women with the rare blood group p are known to have an increased rate of
      abortions. The case of a 36-year-old woman is presented who had had 7 spontaneous
      abortions in the first trimester and no live child. When treated by plasma
      exchange begun early in pregnancy and continued until the 29th week, she
      delivered a normal child. Time to begin, amount and length of time necessary to
      continue plasma exchange in these patients are considered. In addition, the
      question of which fraction of the anti-PP1Pk could be responsible for abortion is
      discussed. To our knowledge, this is the first case of a woman of p phenotype
      with no live children but with multiple abortions treated by this method, which
      should be seriously considered in similar cases.

PMID- 3686943
TI  - Post-transfusion purpura: initiation by leukocyte-poor red cells in a
      polytransfused woman.
AB  - An elderly, multiparous, multiply transfused woman developed post-transfusion
      purpura (PTP) after the transfusion of 2 units of leukocyte-poor red cells and
      was successfully treated by plasmapheresis and corticosteroids. Her pre-PTP
      transfusion history was characterized by frequent, multiple transfusions of
      platelet antigen-containing blood products 12 to 5.5 years prior to the onset of
      disease and, apart from the initiating transfusion, only frozen red cells in the
      5.5 years immediately preceding the onset of thrombocytopenia. Leukocyte-poor red
      cells thus appear capable of initiating PTP. Use of a few units of frozen red
      cells may result in a shorter than normal refractory period, after which time PTP
      may occur upon exposure to sufficient platelet antigen.

PMID- 3686944
TI  - The effects of salts on virus inactivation by lyophilization and dry heat.

PMID- 3686945
TI  - [Improved training and retraining of public health organizers in the Ukrainian
      SSR].

PMID- 3686946
TI  - [Dependence of treatment effectiveness in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas on their
      cytomorphological variants].

PMID- 3686947
TI  - [Action of constant noise and a warming microclimate on the animal reproductive
      function].

PMID- 3686948
TI  - [Health status indices of tobacco growers working with pesticides].

PMID- 3686950
TI  - [Improvement in the working conditions of the new smelting shops in a ferroalloy
      plant].

PMID- 3686949
TI  - [Hemodynamic indices in women with hypertension].

PMID- 3686951
TI  - [Experience in treating patients with a severe form of botulism].

PMID- 3686952
TI  - [Deontological problems in a system for the postgraduate training of
      physiotherapists].

PMID- 3686953
TI  - [Hemodynamic characteristics of patients with hypertension complicated by heart
      failure].

PMID- 3686954
TI  - [Radioisotope liver function studies of hypertension patients].

PMID- 3686955
TI  - [Hemodynamic assessment of anti-angina preparations in treating patients with
      ischemic heart disease with hypertension].

PMID- 3686956
TI  - [Effect of isometric loading on the central hemodynamic indices of ischemic heart
      disease patients].

PMID- 3686957
TI  - [Risk factors for ischemic heart disease in the workers of industrial plants].

PMID- 3686958
TI  - [Tolerance for physical loading and myocardial contractile function in patients
      with an isolated atherosclerotic lesion of the coronary artery].

PMID- 3686959
TI  - [Diagnosis of myocardial dystrophy].

PMID- 3686961
TI  - [Case of myocardial infarct of the right ventricle with cavitary thrombosis].

PMID- 3686962
TI  - [Program for computing the parameters of whole-body rheography].

PMID- 3686960
TI  - [Case of a combination of dissecting aortic aneurysm with multiple congenital
      defects].

PMID- 3686963
TI  - [Myocardial function and humoral pressor substances in chronic obstructive
      bronchitis and arterial hypertension].

PMID- 3686964
TI  - [Effect of helium-neon laser radiation on opportunistic microorganisms].

PMID- 3686965
TI  - [Dynamics of hormonal disorders in atherosclerosis patients].

PMID- 3686966
TI  - [Therapeutic fasting in the combined therapy of obese patients].

PMID- 3686967
TI  - [Tertiary hyperparathyroidism with the predominant lesion of the heart muscle].

PMID- 3686968
TI  - [Metabolism of biometals in patients with complicated peptic ulcer].

PMID- 3686969
TI  - [Clinico-morphological and histochemical characteristics of the gastric mucosa in
      chronic gastritis].

PMID- 3686970
TI  - [Cryotherapy of peptic ulcer].

PMID- 3686971
TI  - [Biological oxidation function of peptic ulcer patients].

PMID- 3686972
TI  - [Morphometric evaluation of changes in the duodenal mucosa exposed to low-energy
      laser radiation in patients following selective proximal vagotomy].

PMID- 3686973
TI  - [Age-related characteristics of the clinical manifestations of gallstones].

PMID- 3686974
TI  - [Testicular and adrenocortical functions in older men with sexual disorders of
      interoceptive genesis].

PMID- 3686975
TI  - [Fever and Stoffer's syndrome in tumors of the kidneys and adrenals].

PMID- 3686976
TI  - [Experimental model of cerebral arachnoiditis].

PMID- 3686977
TI  - [Hyperbaric oxygenation in the combined treatment of disseminated sclerosis
      patients].

PMID- 3686978
TI  - [Functional and structural liver changes in disseminated sclerosis and
      experimental encephalomyelitis].

PMID- 3686979
TI  - [Effect of galanthamine on evoked brain activity in disseminated sclerosis
      patients].

PMID- 3686980
TI  - [Antigenic and biological characteristics of influenza virus A strains isolated
      in 1985].
AB  - The antigenic structure of hemagglutinin of influenza A virus (H3N2) strains
      isolated in 1985 was studied using a series of monoclonal antibody to
      A/Dunedin/4/73/A (H3N2) and A/Bangkok/1/79/A (H3N2), and biological and physico
      chemical properties of these strains were compared with those of influenza A
      (H3N2) virus of 1983 and reference A (H3N2) of 1979-1984 (the rate of adsorption
      on chick erythrocytes and eluting activity, thermostability of hemagglutinin and
      neuraminidase, sensitivity to nonionic detergents, sensitivity to remantadine,
      analysis of virion polypeptide composition). A high degree of heterogeneity of
      the 1985 strain population of influenza A (H3N2) virus was revealed both in the
      antigenic structure of hemagglutinin and in all the biological and physico
      chemical parameters tested. It was suggested that the A/Caen/1/84 strain
      originated not from A/Philippines/2/82 but directly from A/Texas/1/77.

PMID- 3686981
TI  - [Structural characteristics of a population of antigenic variants of the
      influenza A(H3N2) virus].
AB  - The data have been obtained indicating that clone distribution by the antigen
      avidity in the population of influenza A (H3N2) virus corresponds to normal
      distribution. The degree of avidity of individual strains is determined by the
      predominant content of clones with high or low avidity. Virus purification by
      ultracentrifugation in sucrose density gradient results in increasing the avidity
      of the preparation as compared with the original allantoic cultures. Defective
      virions may differ in avidity from intact viral particles of the same strain and
      in this way affect the "total" avidity of a virus preparation.

PMID- 3686983
TI  - [Antiviral immunity in disseminated sclerosis].
AB  - Titres of antibodies to various viral antigens, levels of immunoglobulins, and
      the rate of detection of specific IgM to measles virus were studied in the blood
      sera of 50 patients with multiple sclerosis and 50 normal subjects. High antibody
      titres to measles, mumps, rubella and parainfluenza type 3 virus antigens were
      revealed. Specific IgM to measles virus were detected in 50% of multiple
      sclerosis patients and in none of the normal subjects. The patients with multiple
      sclerosis showed no significant differences in the levels of immunoglobulins of
      the three main classes (G, A, M).

PMID- 3686982
TI  - [Genetic variability of epidemic strains of influenza virus serotypes H1N1 and
      H3N2 during antigenic drift].
AB  - Data are presented on structural variability of individual genes of selected
      variants of epidemic influenza viruses H1N1 (1977-1979) and H3N2 (1968-1979) in
      the course of antigenic drift obtained by oligonucleotide mapping. Six out of 8
      genes of H1N1 viruses were found to be more variable than the corresponding genes
      of H3N2 viruses. Only HA and NS genes of H3N2 viruses underwent greater
      structural changes as compared with the analogous genes of H1N1 viruses. In
      viruses of both serotypes, most variable were the genes coding for hemagglutinin
      and matrix protein. Possible causes of greater structural variability of the
      matrix protein gene in the course of antigenic drift are discussed.

PMID- 3686984
TI  - [Pathogenesis of amyotrophic leukospongiosis reproduced in guinea pigs by
      retrobulbar infection].
AB  - Pathogenesis of amyotrophic leukospongiosis (ALSP) with a short incubation period
      induced in guinea pigs was studied. After retrobulbar inoculation, the
      unconventional ALSP virus disseminated both neurogenically (along the optic
      nerve) and hematogenically. At early stages of the disease the spleen appeared to
      play the leading role in multiplication and/or accumulation of the agent. The
      earliest morphological sign of the CNS involvement was vacuolation of motoneuron
      cytoplasm. The ALSP agent first affected the spinal motoneurons, then an
      ascending pathological process developed. In the terminal stage of the disease,
      the unconventional ALSP virus was also detected in visceral tissue, besides the
      CNS, spleen, and peripheral blood lymphocytes.

PMID- 3686985
TI  - [Experimental development of the principles for designing an optimal schedule for
      inoculations with an inactivated cultured rabies vaccine].
AB  - Immune response was studied experimentally in mice immunized according to 23
      different schedules with rabies vaccine in 1:10 and 1:20 dilutions for the
      elucidation of principles of developing an optimal vaccination schedule. Each
      group consisted of 40 to 50 animals. The most objective, reliable, and strict
      test, challenge of immunity to street rabies virus inoculated peripherally which
      is closest to natural conditions, was used as the criterion for the evaluation of
      immune response. The studies showed daily inoculation of the vaccine not to be
      the optimal schedule for the manifestation of the immune response after
      vaccinations against rabies. Most intensive immunity was observed after
      vaccination with intervals between the injections (principle 1). When the vaccine
      was inoculated at a 5-10-day interval, a booster effect of the type of secondary
      immune response was observed, and the protection of the animals was significantly
      higher (p less than 0.001) than after daily inoculation of the same amount of the
      vaccine, significantly higher than after daily inoculation of the double amount
      of the vaccine, and as high as after inoculation of the 4-fold amount of the
      vaccine daily for 8 days. No booster effect of the vaccine was observed when the
      interval between the injections was no more than 2-3 days. The booster effect of
      the vaccine injections at intervals is determined by the level of the ground
      immunity (priming immunization) (principle 2) and the antigenic potency of the
      vaccine (principle 3).

PMID- 3686986
TI  - [Identification of baculoviruses by inclusion body protein].

PMID- 3686987
TI  - [Possible role of viruses in human noninfectious pathology].

PMID- 3686988
TI  - The geneticist's grail.

PMID- 3686989
TI  - Nutrition during the continuum of development.

PMID- 3686990
TI  - Influenza B encephalitis.

PMID- 3686992
TI  - Soviet health care.

PMID- 3686991
TI  - Maxillary sinusitis--the focus of toxic shock syndrome in a male patient.

PMID- 3686993
TI  - Tracheostomy tube failure.

PMID- 3686994
TI  - Fear of the unknown.

PMID- 3686995
TI  - Exercise in the elderly.

PMID- 3686996
TI  - Does a helicopter service stimulate financially motivated transfers?

PMID- 3686997
TI  - [Studies of the effect of fluoridated water on the course of caries in the
      permanent teeth of 6- and 7-year-old children].

PMID- 3686998
TI  - [Hypertension in a 14-year-old girl with congenital aortic valve stenosis].

PMID- 3686999
TI  - [Synchronous multiple neoplasms of the eyeball and latent tumor of the lung in
      the dissemination phase].

PMID- 3687000
TI  - [A case of hypothyroidism probably caused by environmental factors].

PMID- 3687002
TI  - [Hematocolpos in the rudimentary upper segment of the vagina].

PMID- 3687001
TI  - [Hyperthyroidism during treatment with amiodarone in the light of observations of
      7 cases].

PMID- 3687003
TI  - [Giant lipoma of the thigh].

PMID- 3687004
TI  - [Aspects of the evolution of side-branch groups from the standpoint of Mallophaga
      research].

PMID- 3687005
TI  - [Formation of developmental cycles of parasitic Nematoda (Nematoda Rudolphi,
      1808) of the genera Rhabditis Dujardin, 1845 and Strongyloides Grassi, 1879].

PMID- 3687006
TI  - [Genetic control of the host's immune processes in parasitic diseases].

PMID- 3687007
TI  - Studies on secretory function of gastric mucosa in patients with Giardia
      intestinalis invasion.

PMID- 3687008
TI  - Trichomonas tenax in haemodyalized patients--serologic research.

PMID- 3687009
TI  - [Incidence of protozoan infections of the oral cavity among the population of
      Lodz. I. Protozoan infections in schoolchildren].

PMID- 3687010
TI  - Contribution to the clinic of ascaridosis.

PMID- 3687011
TI  - [A case of infestation with Trichuris (Trichocephalus vulpis Froelich, 1789
      (Nematoda, Enoplida) in Poland].

PMID- 3687012
TI  - [The course of Varroa infestation in bee families under treatment and the effect
      Varroa jacobsoni invasion on the body mass of bees].

PMID- 3687013
TI  - [Role of synanthropic corvid birds in the transmission of parasites to birds in a
      zoo].

PMID- 3687014
TI  - [Nematoda of corvid birds in Lower Silesia].

PMID- 3687015
TI  - [Lizards (Anguis fragilis L.) and snakes (Natrix natrix (L.)) as new hosts of
      Oswaldocruzia filiformis (Goeze, 1782) Travassos 1917 (Nematoda)].

PMID- 3687016
TI  - [Capillaria tritonispunctati (Diesing, 1851) Travassos, 1915 and
      Megalobatrachonema terdentarum (Linstow, 1890) Hartwich, 1960 (Nematoda) in newts
      (Triturus vulgaris L. and Triturus cristatus (Laur.))].

PMID- 3687017
TI  - [Metastrongylus confusus Jansen, 1964, a new lung nematode of boars in Poland].

PMID- 3687018
TI  - [Occurrence of Protozoa of the genus Trypanosoma in wild ruminants in Poland].

PMID- 3687019
TI  - [Arthropods (Siphonaptera, Anoplura, Acari) occurring in Poland on Crocidura
      leucodon (Hermann, 1780) (Mammalia, Insectivora)].

PMID- 3687020
TI  - [Mites (Acari) occurring in Poland on Lacertidae Bonaparte, 1838 (Reptilia)].

PMID- 3687021
TI  - [Dermanyssus alaudae (Schrank, 1781) and other mites (Acari: Dermanissidae,
      Macronyssidae, Haemogamasiade, Hirstionyssidae, trombiculidae, Erythraeidae)
      collected from birds in Poland].

PMID- 3687022
TI  - [Value of cholescintigraphy in the differential diagnosis of direct
      hyperbilirubinemia in infancy].
AB  - Cholescintigraphy using 99mTc-diethyl-, 99mTc-diisopropyl-, 99mTc-iodo-diethyl-
      and 99mTc-bro-motrimethyl-IDA was performed in 22 newborns and infants with
      direct hyperbilirubinaemia. Retrospective evaluation of 99mTc-diethyl- and 99mTc
      diisopropyl-IDA (n = 18) showed an efficiency of 66% in the differentiation
      between extrahepatic biliary atresia and neonatal intrahepatic diseases if the
      hepatocyte-clearance index and transit time were taken into consideration; the
      sensitivity of detecting extrahepatic biliary atresia was 100%. Cholestyramine
      treatment (n = 9) did not increase the efficiency of the test. Efficiency was
      markedly reduced when the serum direct bilirubin level was above 5.5 mg/dl (94
      mumol/l). The gall bladder was not visualized in 13 out of 18 examinations. The
      prospective and retrospective analysis of 99mTc-iodo-diethyl- and 99mTc-bromo
      trimethyl-IDA revealed intrahepatic disease in all 6 infants with serum values up
      to 12.6 mg/dl (216 mumol/l) direct bilirubin; the gall bladder was not visualized
      in 4 out of 7 examinations.

PMID- 3687023
TI  - [Inversion 8 and consecutive trisomy of region 8q22----qter].
AB  - A girl with severe mental retardation and conspicuous phenotype features is
      described. The chromosomal aberration consists of a partial trisomy 8q of the
      region 8q22----qter. Minor deletion of the terminal part of the region 8p23 must
      be presumed, resulting in partial monosomy of this region. Inversion of
      chromosome 8 was found in the father and his mother.

PMID- 3687024
TI  - [Primary lymphedema in the nephrotic syndrome: case report].
AB  - The aim of this case report is to discuss possible connections between the
      development of a hypoproteinaemic oedema due to the nephrotic syndrome and the
      occurrence of lymphoedema. Two patients (a three year-old girl and a seven year
      old boy) developed lymphoedema of one leg one year after the onset of the
      nephrotic syndrome. The case of the six year-old girl is presented. Malignancy
      was excluded by clinical investigation. Direct lymphography failed to show any
      peripheral lymph-vessels; indirect lymphography (i.c. infusion of a newly
      developed contrast medium) revealed hypoplasia of the peripheral lymph
      collectors. The development of lymphoedema 12-18 months after the appearance of
      the nephrotic syndrome supports the hypothesis that the increase in extravascular
      fluid, which is caused by a reduced oncotic pressure in the plasma, may trigger
      off the development of lymphoedema if there is a primary defect of the lymphatic
      system.

PMID- 3687025
TI  - [New specifics registered in Austria].

PMID- 3687026
TI  - [Local use of cytostatic drugs following removal of glioblastomas].
AB  - Local application of Methotrexate after removal of glioblastomas enables a high
      chemotherapeutic concentration to be achieved in the wall of the surgical cavity
      without appreciable side effects on sensitive structures of the body. This
      procedure, followed by intravenous chemotherapy may prevent local recurrence, on
      the assumption that glioblastoma recurrences originate in the operation site.
      Five groups (269 patients) subjected to different strategies of postoperative
      therapy were compared in terms of average survival time. The group given local
      chemotherapy following total or subtotal removal of the tumour, then intravenous
      chemotherapy after 8 days, followed by radiotherapy, demonstrated an average
      survival time of 75 weeks. In this group the number of living patients at the
      time of investigation was particularly high, namely 56. The longest survival time
      was 355 weeks, and this patient was symptomless. There were no side effects or
      complications of local cytostatic therapy with 50 mg Methotrexate.

PMID- 3687027
TI  - [From the nail/plate to the dynamic hip screw--example of a generation change in
      implants for para-articular femoral fractures].
AB  - In trochanteric fractures of the femur, where operative techniques are preferable
      to conservative treatment, a change in the choice of implants has taken place
      over the past years. As several comparative studies show, the traditional system
      of nail/plate fixation has not been completely replaced by Ender nailing in many
      surgical departments. The system of nail/plate is, however, losing significance
      in face of the increasing usage of screwing-systems (such as, for instance, DHS
      of AO-Dynamic Hip Screw). The possibility of compression during the operation in
      screwing methods is the decisive factor.

PMID- 3687028
TI  - [Follow-up of patients with microhematuria].
AB  - Out of 100 patients with asymptomatic microhaematuria 21 patients showed an
      underlying pathological condition. In 23 patients glomerular (= dysmorphic)
      erythrocytes were seen on phase-contrast microscopy. Follow-up of the remaining
      56 patients (over 2 to 10 years) showed the subsequent appearance of pathological
      urological findings in 14.3% of cases including three tumours (hypernephroma,
      cancer of the renal pelvis and bladder papilloma) 24 to 30 months after the
      diagnosis of microhaematuria. The necessity of prolonged urological observation
      in patients with non-glomerular (eumorphic) microhaematuria is discussed.

PMID- 3687029
TI  - [Eosinophilic gastroenteritis].
AB  - Eosinophilic gastroenteritis represents a very rare inflammatory disease of the
      stomach and bowel. Aetiologically an allergic diathesis must be assumed, but it
      is only very seldom that a particular allergen can be identified as being
      responsible for any case. Characterized by peripheral blood eosinophilia and
      eosinophilic infiltration of various parts of the gastro-intestinal tract,
      together with disturbed gastro-intestinal function, complications can arise in
      this disease requiring surgical intervention. In general, however, conservative
      therapy is adequate. The clinical features are discussed on the basis of an own
      case report.

PMID- 3687030
TI  - [Clinical significance and expanded diagnostic possibilities by transesophageal
      echocardiography].
AB  - Two-dimensional echocardiography is already a well-established diagnostic tool
      for evaluation of cardiac diseases. The introduction of two-dimensional
      transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has widened the ultrasonic examination
      possibilities of the heart and great arteries. In 15% of patients where two
      dimensional echocardiography gave false - negative results, TEE detected
      vegetations on the mitral and aortic valves. The sensitivity for detection of
      atrial septal defect in comparison with angiocardiography is 100%. TEE appears to
      be a useful noninvasive method for bedside diagnosis of acute aortic disease,
      particularly type III De Bakey dissections. In anaesthesiology, cardiac surgery
      and intensive care medicine TEE is used for simultaneous left ventricular
      function analysis and for detection of microair embolism. TEE is highly sensitive
      in the detection of mitral and aortic valvular disease, changes of the
      interatrial septum, left atrium and of the thoracic aorta.

PMID- 3687031
TI  - [Cardiokymography: relative quantification of results in normal probands].
AB  - The main problem with cardiokymography (CKG) and the principal reason for its
      limited clinical application to date is the deficiency of calibration and
      quantification of results. We tried to improve the value of the procedure by
      quantification of the results in 14 healthy young men (age: 23, 18-31 years) in
      place of subjective assessment. Before and after a bicycle exercise stress test
      CKG tracings were obtained in a lying position at rest, immediately after
      exercise and after recovery. Two different methods were applied to quantify the
      CKG tracings (distance method and area method). The relative height of the curves
      at rest was 89 +/- 72% (68 +/- 39%), immediately after exercise 111 +/- 60% (73
      +/- 27%) and, after recovery 121 +/- 88% (78 +/- 49%). The relative change in the
      height of the curves between rest and exercise was not significant according to
      both methods (+22 +/- 64%/+5 +/- 32%), but the variation of values in an
      individual patient between rest and exercise was large. Interobserver variability
      was rather large, according to two independent investigators. Hence, it was not
      possible to establish limits of normal values in quantitative CKG, but only mean
      values.

PMID- 3687032
TI  - [Morphologic peculiarities in gunshot injuries of the aorta].
AB  - The characteristic appearance of gunshot injuries to the aorta is presented on
      the basis of 5 autopsy cases. (1) In sections showing no atherosclerotic changes,
      projectiles from hand weapons and from .22 calibre rimfire rifles leave
      remarkably small holes (comparable to the orifices of the intercostal arteries);
      in areas with sclerotic plaques the bullet holes are considerably larger. (2)
      Tears of several millimetres in length radiate from the entrance and exit
      perforations, so that the lesions may appear as stellate lacerations. The
      configuration of ante-mortem injuries was reproducible in test shots on aortas
      removed post mortem. The morphological findings can be explained by the ballistic
      wound response of elastic tissues.

PMID- 3687033
TI  - [Urinary incontinence--conservative therapy].
AB  - About 5% of our population suffers from urinary incontinence. Basically urinary
      incontinence is caused by two mechanisms: (1) loss of voluntary control of the
      urinary bladder due to detrusor hyperactivity or detrusorhyperreflexia, resulting
      in urge or reflex incontinence and (2) sphincter weakness or sphincter paralysis
      resulting in urinary stress incontinence. Less frequent are overflow incontinence
      and loss of urine due to ectopic ureter or a fistula. Therapy of urge
      incontinence is basically conservative: Causes for secondary detrusor
      hyperactivity must be eliminated. With idiopathic hyperactivity "bladder drill"
      with or without support of parasympathicolytic agents is the method of choice.
      Also in patients with less severe degrees of genuine urinary stress incontinence
      conservative therapy is helpful: pelvic floor exercises, performed in an accurate
      ("feel and move"), regular and persistent way, reduction of body weight in obese
      persons, regular bladder emptying and the elimination of "stress situations",
      e.g. chronic bronchitis due to nicotine abuses may improve the situation
      considerably. The treatment of neurogenic incontinence is rather complex and must
      be based on the underlying pathophysiology of detrusor and sphincter dysfunction,
      but also in these patients therapy is mainly conservative. Elderly people have
      double the incidence of urinary incontinence found in younger age groups. About
      20% of those in old persons homes have been found to be incontinent. 80% of these
      elderly people suffer from urge incontinence as a result of bladder
      hyperactivity, in about 30% bladder hyperactivity is combined with residual urine
      and consequent urinary tract infection which makes bladder instability worse.
      Moreover physical immobility increases the problem of urgency.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3687034
TI  - [Diagnosis and therapy of female incontinence].
AB  - The different types of urinary incontinence in the female are defined and
      described. A meticulous differential diagnosis is a prerequisite for adequate
      treatment. The pre-treatment examination includes a detailed history, a residual
      urine, a gynaecological examination, a neurological examination, an intravenous
      pyelogram, the incontinence test, the Bonney and Bethoux tests, and a
      urethrocystoscopy. In difficult cases urodynamic tests and X-rays of the bladder
      and the pelvic organs are added to the workup. Two types of incontinence can be
      differentiated. We recommend to manage type 1 with an anterior vaginal repair or
      with colposuspension. Type 2 should be treated with colposuspension and if
      necessary vaginal repair or levatorplasty. Recurrences should be managed always
      with colposuspension. It is stressed that after correction of incontinence
      bladder outlet obstruction can occur.

PMID- 3687035
TI  - [Value of breast palpation in gynecologic practice].
AB  - A representative inquiry was carried out among 100 Austrian gynecologists and
      obstetricians. Aim of the study was to determine the percentage of gynecologists,
      who carry out routinely the palpation of the breast in their office: 73% of all
      gynecologists are performing breast-palpation routinely in every patient, 27%
      only in case of complaints. The highest percentage of routine-breast-palpation
      performing gynecologists was found among doctors, who are in private-practice
      only (97%). Particularly low percentages, however, were found e. g. among
      doctors, who have contracts with all social insurances (58%), who have a high
      frequency of social-insured patients (55%) or have many patients per day (61%).
      Since the routine-breast-palpation is of particular importance for the reduction
      of breast cancer mortality, this examination should be also performed routinely
      by all general practitioners, internists and surgeons. Therefore, from the point
      of view of preventive medicine and public health the routine examination of the
      female breast should be refunded by social insurance in Austria.

PMID- 3687036
TI  - [Pre- and postoperative psychosexual status of heart patients].
AB  - Discussing the changed quality of life following open heart surgery the
      psychosexual status of 100 pre- and postoperative patients (aortocoronary bypass
      operation vs valve replacement) was assessed by standardized interviews. The
      preoperative interview showed only 9% of the patients having sexual intercourse
      during the last six months while 91% were sexually abstinent. As main reasons for
      the latter the patients named voluntary abstinence due to their illness (14%),
      negative advice of their doctor (22%) and no desire for sexual activity (33%).
      One year postoperatively the situation changed clearly. Within the last six
      months 47% of the former patients were sexually active, while 52% remained
      inactive. The open heart operation which improves life physically can also be
      seen as improving quality of life in respect to the psychosexual life of the
      patients. The interview data moreover show the great importance of medical advice
      in questions relating to sexuality which ought to be an absolutely necessary part
      of the dialogue with cardiological patients.

PMID- 3687037
TI  - [Care of cancer patients from the point of view of general practice].
AB  - Data relevant to the management and post-hospital care of cancer patients were
      collected in six Austrian General Practices. The prevalence of the most frequent
      malignant diseases was the same as in extensive Austrian statistics. 10% of our
      patients were in observance at our practices for more than ten years. Diagnosis
      was attained in 30% by follow-up of relevant symptoms with the means available to
      the General Practitioner. 43.3% could be considered healed and had no treatment
      whatever. Patients being treated in an oncologic centre were significantly
      younger than patients staying with the General Practitioner. Even in doctors
      highly motivated to personally inform patients about their diagnosis, 29% of
      patients had, for valid reasons, not been informed. Only two of 36 patients died
      at home.

PMID- 3687038
TI  - [Studies on the bioequivalence of canrenone using pharmacokinetic data and
      clinical effects].
AB  - Canrenon, an active metabolite of spironolactone, and the combination of Canrenon
      with hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) were examined on patients with essential
      hypertension, cardial oedemas and oedemas of different origin, and than compared
      to a product available on the market. A correlation of the clinical effect (e.g.
      systolic blood pressure) with the morning steady state-data (blood values of
      Canrenon and HCT) has been achieved. The new preparations showed a good
      resorption in the gastro-intestinal tract. For an equivalent clinical effect,
      less Canrenon substance has been needed. A therapeutically satisfactory result
      has been reached with the administered dosage of both Canrenon and the comparison
      group. In the combination the higher dosage level should be chosen.

PMID- 3687039
TI  - [AIDS prevention in hospitals and private practice. Study Group on Hospital
      Hygiene].

PMID- 3687040
TI  - Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis with relapse during the euthyroid state.

PMID- 3687041
TI  - Acquired immunodeficiency disease syndrome (AIDS).

PMID- 3687042
TI  - Air guns: a potential source of serious injury.

PMID- 3687043
TI  - High school athletics.

PMID- 3687044
TI  - Chernobyl, Part II.

PMID- 3687045
TI  - Chest shadows.

PMID- 3687046
TI  - Policy recommendations on AIDS and HIV infection. State Medical Society of
      Wisconsin.

PMID- 3687047
TI  - Ibuprofen and ethanol overdose-induced acute tubular necrosis.

PMID- 3687048
TI  - The Swan.

PMID- 3687049
TI  - Management of children with cancer.

PMID- 3687050
TI  - Three-wheel electric vehicles and work therapy at the Wisconsin Veterans Home.

PMID- 3687051
TI  - Children's quality of care in day care centers.

PMID- 3687052
TI  - Case report, 1987.

PMID- 3687053
TI  - Paradox.

PMID- 3687054
TI  - Wisconsin initiatives for the uninsured.

PMID- 3687055
TI  - Patterns and causes of excess female mortality among children in developing
      countries.

PMID- 3687056
TI  - Women and health.

PMID- 3687057
TI  - Reproductive health of adolescent girls.

PMID- 3687058
TI  - Hormonal contraceptives and the risk of cancer.

PMID- 3687059
TI  - Health status and health services use among older women: an international
      perspective.

PMID- 3687060
TI  - A new metabolite of methamphetamine; evidence for formation of N-[(1-methyl-2
      phenyl)ethyl]ethanimine N-oxide.
AB  - 1. N-Hydroxyamphetamine and N-hydroxymethamphetamine, metabolic intermediates of
      amphetamine and methamphetamine, showed no reactivity towards endogeneous
      protein, amino acids, nucleic acids and fatty acids. In contrast, formaldehyde,
      acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde reacted well with N-hydroxyamphetamine and
      slightly with N-hydroxymethamphetamine under mild conditions (pH 7.4, 37 degrees
      C). 2. Two products were isolated from the reaction mixture of acetaldehyde and N
      hydroxyamphetamine. These were characterized as N-[(1-methyl-2
      phenyl)ethyl]ethanimine N-oxide and N-[(1-methyl-2-phenyl)ethyl]butenimine N
      oxide by mass and n.m.r. spectrometries. 3. N-[(1-Methyl-2
      phenyl)ethyl]ethanimine N-oxide was formed by incubating methamphetamine with
      liver 9000 g supernatants of rats and guinea-pigs. The butenimine N-oxide
      derivative, however, could not be detected as a metabolite of methamphetamine in
      vitro. 4. N-[(1-Methyl-2-phenyl)ethyl]ethanimine N-oxide was also detected as a
      urinary metabolite of methamphetamine in rats and guinea-pigs. Thus, the
      ethanimine N-oxide was established as a novel metabolite of methamphetamine.

PMID- 3687061
TI  - Evidence for involvement of non-biliary excretion into the intestines in the
      formation of methylsulphonyl-containing metabolites of 2-chloro-N
      isopropylacetanilide (propachlor) by swine and rats.
AB  - 1. Radiolabelled metabolites excreted in the urine of swine after an oral dose of
      14C-propachlor were similar to those previously reported with rats and included
      methylsulphonyl (CH3SO2-)-containing metabolites. 2. A bile-duct-cannulated pig
      dosed orally with 14C-propachlor excreted 7.6% dose in the bile compared with
      approx. 75% dose with rats. Although enterohepatic circulation had been prevented
      with the bile-duct-cannulated pig. CH3SO3 metabolites of propachlor were excreted
      in the urine. Enterohepatic circulation had been reported to be necessary for
      formation of CH3SO2 metabolites of propachlor with rats. 3. Germ-free pigs dosed
      orally with 14-C-propachlor did not excrete urinary CH3SO2 metabolites,
      indicating involvement of the enteric flora in the production of these
      metabolites as shown previously with rats. 4. A g.l.c.-mass spectrometric
      specific ion monitoring technique indicated that trace amounts of CH3SO2
      metabolites were present in the urine and bile of bile-duct-cannulated rats dosed
      orally with 14C-propachlor. This was confirmed by isolation and mass-spectral
      analyses. 5. It is concluded that after oral administration of propachlor to rats
      and swine, glutathione (GSH) conjugation and cysteine conjugate beta-lyase
      activity in the enteric flora are involved in formation of CH3SO2 metabolites.
      Presumably, the GSH conjugate is formed in mammalian tissue and must be returned
      to the lumen of the gut to be acted upon by the gut microflora. In rats this is
      accomplished primarily by biliary excretion, whereas in swine a non-biliary
      mechanism is much more important.

PMID- 3687062
TI  - Effects of picloram on xenobiotic biotransformation in rat liver.
AB  - 1. The effect of picloram on model xenobiotic substrate biotransformation in vivo
      was studied in female and male rat liver. 2. Treatment with picloram had little
      effect on epoxide hydratase and glutathione S-transferase activity, but caused a
      dose-dependent increase in ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity and a
      concomitant decrease in aldrin epoxidase activity in male rats. 3. Treatment of
      male rats with equivalent doses of 2-acetylaminofluorene, 2-amino-anthracene and
      picloram induced ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity to the same degree. 4.
      Treatment of female rats with picloram resulted in dose-dependent increases in
      ethoxyresorufin and ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylation without decreasing aldrin
      epoxidase activity. 5. Picloram binds to liver microsomal preparations from rats
      pretreated with phenobarbitone and/or 3-methylcholanthrene, giving a type I
      spectrum. 6. The results indicate that picloram is a 3-methylcholanthrene-type
      inducer, and the implications are discussed.

PMID- 3687063
TI  - Biotransformation of stobadine, a gamma-carboline antiarrhythmic and
      cardioprotective agent, in rat liver microsomes.
AB  - 1. The metabolism of stobadine, a gamma-carboline antiarrhythmic and
      cardioprotective agent, was investigated in vitro using fortified rat liver
      microsomal preparations. 2. Two metabolic products, N-desmethyl stobadine and
      stobadine N-oxide were isolated and identified by means of t.l.c.,g.l.c. -mass
      spectrometry, n.m.r. spectrometry and comparison with synthetic reference
      compounds. 3. Stobadine N-oxide was resolved into two optically active
      stereoisomers which were produced enzymically in approximately equal quantities.

PMID- 3687064
TI  - Effects of experimental diabetes on aminopyrine metabolism in rats.
AB  - 1. The metabolism of aminopyrine has been investigated in normal, alloxan- and
      streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. The drug was administered i.p. and the serum
      concentrations of the unchanged aminopyrine and its main metabolites were
      measured using h.p.l.c. 2. Aminopyrine was metabolized at a slower rate in both
      diabetic rats, as judged from higher serum levels of the unchanged drug.
      Pharmacokinetic studies of aminopyrine in diabetic rats also showed a decrease in
      serum clearance of the drug and an increase in its serum half-life. 3. The serum
      concentrations of the metabolites 4-monomethylaminoantipyrine, 4
      acetylaminoantipyrine and 4-formylaminoantipyrine decreased in diabetic rats. In
      contrast, serum levels of 3-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-4-dimethylamino-1-phenyl-3
      pyrazolin-5-on e increased over control values. Serum concentrations of 4
      aminoantipyrine remained unaltered by the induction of diabetes. 4. The
      magnitudes of changes in serum levels of these metabolites were larger in alloxan
      diabetes than in STZ-diabetes. 5. Additional support for changed metabolism of
      aminopyrine was obtained from the investigation of microsomal preparations from
      diabetic and normal rats. 6. These findings indicate that it is important to use
      intact animals for evaluation of the metabolism of drugs in pathological states.

PMID- 3687065
TI  - Strain independent elevation of hepatic mono-oxygenase enzymes in female mice.
AB  - 1. Hepatic microsomal drug metabolizing activity was compared in male and female
      AL/N, Balb/c, Balb/cJ, CD-1, C57BL/6J, C57BL/10J, DBA/2, and DBA/2J mice. 2.
      Cytochrome P-450-dependent hexobarbital hydroxylase and aminopyrine N-demethylase
      activities were sexually dimorphic with apparent maximal velocities consistently
      higher in females. Hexobarbital-induced sleeping times were greater in males,
      corresponding to their lower hepatic mono-oxygenase enzyme activities measured in
      vitro. 3. No murine sex differences were observed for the hydroxylation of
      aniline, while UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity was strain dependent with
      either no sexual dimorphism or higher activities in males. 4. Testectomy resulted
      in an elevation of hepatic hexobarbital metabolism to female levels in all
      strains examined. Thus, decreased hepatic cytochrome P-450-dependent xenobiotic
      metabolism in adult male mice results from the suppressive effects of gonadal
      androgens. 5. Sexually dimorphic patterns of hepatic hexobarbital and aminopyrine
      metabolism in adult mice are opposite in orientation and lower in magnitude than
      the well established relationship in rats in which these same substrates are
      metabolized at a rate 3 to 5 fold higher in intact males as compared to females
      or gonadectomized males.

PMID- 3687066
TI  - Urinary metabolites of dodecylcyclohexane in Salmo gairdneri: evidence of
      aromatization and taurine conjugation in trout.
AB  - 1. The urinary metabolites of 3H-dodecylcyclohexane were investigated in rainbow
      trout, Salmo gairdneri R. after a single intragastric dose. In 72 h, 14% of the
      ingested radioactivity was excreted in urine. 2. Cyclohexylacetic acid, 1-hydroxy
      , 3-hydroxy- and 4-hydroxy-cyclohexylacetic acids were present in the
      unconjugated fraction. 3. In the glucuronide fraction (1.2% dose) labelled
      aglycones were cyclohexylacetic acid and phenylacetic acid. 4. More than 30% of
      the urinary 3H was present as phenylacetic and cyclohexylacetic acids conjugated
      with taurine.

PMID- 3687067
TI  - Species differences in the in vitro metabolism of methapyrilene.
AB  - 1. The metabolism of N,N-dimethyl-N'-(2-pyridyl)-N'-(2-thienylmethyl)-1,2-
      ethanediamine(methapyrilene, I) by liver microsomes from rat, guinea pig, and
      rabbit has been examined. 2. Methapyrilene-N-oxide, (III), normethapyrilene,
      (II), 2-thiophene methanol, (VI), 2-thiophene carboxylic acid, (VII), N-(2
      pyridyl)-N',N'-dimethylethylenediamine, (IX), and methapyrilene amide, (XIV) were
      found in all species. 3. N-(2-Thienylmethyl)-2-amino pyridine, (VIII), 2
      aminopyridine, (X), and (5-hydroxypridyl)-methapyrilene, (XII), were detected in
      rat and rabbit only. 4. N-Hydroxynormethapyrilene, (XXI), was tentatively
      identified by mass spectral fragmentation patterns only in rabbit liver
      microsomes incubations; however, it was found in 9000 g supernatant fraction
      incubations of rabbit, rat and guinea pig. 5. The formation of IX and XII was
      quantitatively more important in the rat than in either rabbit or guinea pig.

PMID- 3687068
TI  - Changes in brain monoamine content and metabolism induced by paraoxon and soman
      intoxication. Effect of atropine.
AB  - 1. Soman induced a decrease in hypothalamic, hippocampal and cortical
      noradrenaline, an increase in hippocampal and cortical dopamine and an increase
      in hypothalamic serotonin while paraoxon did not modify these neurotransmitter
      concentrations. The increases in 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, homovanillic
      acid and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid produced by the two drugs witness an
      accelerated turnover of dopamine and serotonin. 2. Atropine pretreatment
      completely antagonized the paraoxon-induced changes but only partially suppressed
      the soman-induced modifications. 3. These data suggest that soman produces a
      direct effect on monoamine metabolism which is not related to acetylcholine
      accumulation.

PMID- 3687069
TI  - [Personality development as a lifelong process and consequences for promoting
      personality development in advanced age].
AB  - The paper explains the fact, that personality development mainly depends on the
      requirements of life activity and derives possibilities for promoting development
      in old age. These possibilities are primarily seen in forming such life
      conditions and requirements of activity, which grant latitude for autonomous
      acting and deciding to the aged as much and as long as possible as well as
      encourage them to use it, thereby helping them to maintain or regain every kind
      of autonomy and activity still possible.

PMID- 3687070
TI  - [Social contact behavior of elderly females living alone from the social
      psychology viewpoint--a survey. IV: Are there factors which determine social
      contact behavior?].
AB  - Some factors, which are important with regard to the contact behaviour of elderly
      women living alone, are reported and discussed: biographical sign, professional
      and social status as well as informations on the actual health status. Finally
      the essential results of the statistical intercorrelation of all involved
      variables are represented.

PMID- 3687071
TI  - [Behavior of the volume and number of fat cells in obese patients in middle age
      in inpatient weight reduction].
AB  - Fat cell volume and fat cell quantity were determined in subcutaneous fatty
      tissue of 27 obese patients (22 female and 5 male aged 42 +/- 8) before and after
      in-patient weight reduction. 47 normal probands of the same age served as a
      control group. With in-patient weight reduction, fat cell volume decreased
      significantly, while fat cell quantity remained constant. Division of obesity
      into hypertrophical and hypertrophical-hypercellular types based on fatty tissue
      cellularity is suggested. Possible indication for the determination of fat cell
      volume in obese patients is shown.

PMID- 3687072
TI  - [Age-related changes of PWC 170 (physical working capacity 170) in the course of
      a 4-week training program at a health resort].
AB  - The physical working capacity 170 (PWC 170) exhibits a characteristic age
      dependent course: With advancing age the values increase, although the physical
      performance capacity decreases. This reaction points to a slow responding heart
      rate in elderly individuals. After a four weeks treatment in a rehabilitation
      center combined with a high level of physical activity there was a decline of the
      PWC 170 in middle-aged persons. These results show that regular exercise
      generates a pronounced acceleration of the heart rate; this adaptive functional
      situation leads to a fast adjustment of the heart rate to the actual level of the
      load. In untrained elderly individuals the PWC 170 is no reliable parameter to
      indicate the physical performance capacity and the cardiac adaptation.

PMID- 3687073
TI  - Serum ferritin in institutionalised elderly patients.
AB  - Serum ferritin was assessed in 101 patients (aged 63 to 93 years) in geriatric
      care unit. The mean value of serum ferritin 288.7 micrograms/l is higher with
      larger SD (280.9 micrograms/l) comparing to the younger age groups. There was a
      significant sex difference with higher values in men. The interpretation and
      biological significance of increased serum ferritin in elderly is discussed.

PMID- 3687074
TI  - [Cholinesterase activity in hyperlipoproteinemia patients in middle age].
AB  - In 127 patients with HLP and 79 normolipamics cholinesterase (ChE) was
      determined. In patients with hypertriglyceridemia and mixed HLP higher ChE
      activities was shown. The authors discuss a possible reason of higher ChE
      activities by an rising hepatogenic VLDL secretion.

PMID- 3687075
TI  - [Urogenital Chlamydia infections].

PMID- 3687076
TI  - [Prevention of hepatitis in dialysis centers--2].

PMID- 3687077
TI  - [Drug interactions--which are proven and how can they be avoided?].

PMID- 3687078
TI  - [References for occupational fitness of adolescents with diseases of the
      respiratory tract and lungs].

PMID- 3687079
TI  - [Diet in liver diseases in childhood?].

PMID- 3687080
TI  - [The concept of freedom and self-realization in dialectic materialism].

PMID- 3687081
TI  - [Interdisciplinary cooperation in the treatment of patients with gallstones].

PMID- 3687082
TI  - [Endoscopic papillotomy].

PMID- 3687083
TI  - [Conservative bile duct drainage].

PMID- 3687084
TI  - [Is the use of cholagogues still justified? A contribution from the clinical
      pharmacologic viewpoint].

PMID- 3687085
TI  - [Sequelae of cholecystectomy].

PMID- 3687086
TI  - [The variable disease process--biologic conditions and theoretical scientific
      aspects].

PMID- 3687087
TI  - [Prevention and early detection of disease in newborn infants, infants and small
      children].

PMID- 3687088
TI  - [Prevention of malignant neoplasms--scientific principles and practical
      consequences].

PMID- 3687089
TI  - [Early diagnosis of cervical cancer].

PMID- 3687090
TI  - [Early detection of colorectal cancers].

PMID- 3687091
TI  - [Chronic obstructive lung disease--prevention and early detection].

PMID- 3687092
TI  - [Public health requirements in the medical house call].

PMID- 3687093
TI  - [Sterilization in ambulatory health facilities].

PMID- 3687094
TI  - [Use of glucocorticoids in dermatitis].

PMID- 3687095
TI  - [New regulation for expanding material support to citizens in damage caused by
      medical interventions].

PMID- 3687096
TI  - [Computerized tomography controlled fine needle biopsies of abdominal lymph nodes
      -indications and personal results].

PMID- 3687097
TI  - [Diagnosis of traumatic shearing of cartilage and bone of the femoropatellar
      joint].

PMID- 3687098
TI  - [Shape and positional fault of the femoropatellar joint].

PMID- 3687099
TI  - [Assessment of social indicators--1].

PMID- 3687100
TI  - [Assessment of social indicators--2].

PMID- 3687101
TI  - [A concept for group inservice training of specialists in general medicine in the
      field of clinical chemistry and laboratory diagnosis].

PMID- 3687102
TI  - [Follow-up in patients with chronic obstructive lung diseases with special
      reference to the pressure behavior in the pulmonary artery].
AB  - The study demonstrates the results of 203 patients with COLD in a follow-up of 4
      6 years. The investigations include the clinical state, lung function tests,
      blood gas analyses and measurements of pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP). One
      hundred and six of these 203 patients were investigated 3 times within 4-6 years.
      Clinical state, oxygen partial pressure and airways' resistance showed the best
      correlation with the PAP at rest and under exercise. In 54 patients (= 51%) the
      pulmonary arterial pressure increased up to a pulmonary hypertension. In 37
      patients (= 35%) it decreased, out of them in 13 to normal values. Only in 15
      patients (= 14%) the PAP did not change. We conclude, that a single measurement
      of the pulmonary arterial pressure can only be a marker of the general prognosis
      in COLD, but not of the individual prognosis. So we need further follow-up
      studies for the correct assessment of the individual prognosis dependent on the
      clinical state in each case.

PMID- 3687103
TI  - [Present value of tuberculin tests in sarcoidosis].
AB  - Under present epidemiological conditions of tuberculosis in our country
      tuberculin skin tests were done in 103 patients suffering from sarcoidosis. These
      results were compared with those of patients suffering from other lung diseases.
      The patients with sarcoidosis show more negative tests (66%) than the others. In
      inactive cases of sarcoidosis especially in cases with an acute course in the
      beginning conversion of tuberculin skin test may be seen. This effect may be used
      for evaluation of the activity of the disease.

PMID- 3687104
TI  - [Morphogenesis of cystic abnormalities of the lung].
AB  - The material used was the pathomorphological studies of cystic developmental lung
      defects with consideration of X-ray and clinical data. In total 126 cases have
      been studied including: 72 cystic lung hypoplasias, 38 solitary cysts, 8
      sequestrations, 8 bronchogenic cysts of mediastinum. Cystic hypoplasia revealed
      branching of cystic cavities and sometimes their connection with respiratory
      compartments. The other above mentioned defects reveal sometimes the connection
      between cysts, bronchi and respiratory compartments. Consequently with the
      formation of cystic developmental lung defects the development of pneumomers is
      not stopped but continues in a distorted form (dysplasia) which is necessary to
      take into consideration in the differential diagnostic of congenital and acquired
      (postnatal) cystic lung formations.

PMID- 3687106
TI  - [Studies of lung damage by paraquat. 2. Effect of vitamin E on acute lung damage
      caused by paraquat].
AB  - Acute lung damage was produced in rats by paraquat. Pretreatment with vitamin E
      showed no influence on the functional and morphological pattern. We conclude that
      there is no protective influence of vitamin E on acute paraquat intoxication of
      lung.

PMID- 3687105
TI  - [Comparative local and systemic immunization against experimentally-induced
      Bordetella bronchiseptica pneumonia in ICR mice].
AB  - It is described the experimental Bordetella bronchiseptica infection via aerosol
      in ICR mice. 10(6) living bacteria were found in the lung after aerosol challenge
      with a total of 10(12) CFU. The pneumonias produced in this infection model
      within 10 days are focal, interstitial and proliferative to a low and medium
      degree, respectively. They are significantly reduced already by a single i.p. or
      s.c. immunization. Two vaccinations with inactivated Bordetellae or a temperature
      sensitive mutant reduce the frequency and severity of the pneumonias, dependent
      on the administered immunizing dose. The efficacy of two consecutive
      immunizations via aerosol is comparable to that of two i.p. vaccinations.

PMID- 3687107
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of mediastinal cyst using transparietal needle
      aspiration.
AB  - The authors present a case report on a 60-year-old female patient suffering from
      benign mediastinal cyst, arterial hypertension and porphyria. CT-guided
      transparietal fine-needle punction was done simultaneously as a diagnostic and a
      therapeutic procedure. Partial regression of the cyst was still apparent at the
      check CT investigation after six months. The examination of the level of
      immunoglobulins in the fluid obtained during transparietal punction confirms the
      diagnosis of bronchogenic cyst.

PMID- 3687108
TI  - [Risk factors for the occurrence of eye damage following ethambutol treatment].
AB  - The present paper deals with two cases of severe irreversible visual disturbances
      (bilateral opticus atrophy) after combined antituberculous chemotherapy including
      ethambutol following unilateral nephrectomy because of tuberculosis of the
      kidneys and with farther complications as damages of the blood vessels and
      diabetes mellitus. Damages of the kidneys are especially predisposing to side
      effects by ethambutol and inclusion into an ophthalmological dispensary at short
      intervals is necessary.

PMID- 3687109
TI  - [Oscillation method in the diagnosis of respiratory function in adults-
      classification and possibilities for improvement. 5. Practical conclusions for
      basic diagnosis].

PMID- 3687110
TI  - [Report on the 5th annual meeting of the Societas Europea Pneumologica and the
      21st annual meeting of the Societas Europea Physiologiae Clinicae Respiratoriae.
      Joint meeting. 3-6 September 1986, Paris, France].

PMID- 3687111
TI  - [Report on the 61st and 62d meeting of the Working Group on the Pathophysiology
      of Breathing of the East German Society of Pathological and Clinical Physiology
      and the East German Society of Bronchopneumonology and Tuberculosis. Berlin-Buch,
      3 December 1985 and 4 March 1986. Abstracts].

PMID- 3687112
TI  - Type of dietary carbohydrate and liver cholesterol in rats.
AB  - Rats were fed semipurified diets containing either sucrose or corn starch (72% or
      29% of their total calories). Carbohydrates were exchanged for corn oil in
      equicaloric amounts. After 28 days, dietary sucrose had caused significantly
      lower concentrations of liver cholesterol than had starch. The sucrose-induced
      lowering of liver cholesterol, compared to starch, was amplified by increasing
      the amount of fat in the diet, at the expense of the carbohydrate source.

PMID- 3687113
TI  - Dietary glycine and cholesterol metabolism in rats.
AB  - Generally, diets containing casein induce higher concentrations of serum
      cholesterol in rats than diets containing soybean protein. It has been suggested
      that at least part of this effect is due to the relatively low level of glycine
      in casein, when compared to soybean protein. We have tested this suggestion by
      adding glycine to a semipurified casein diet, so that the level of glycine was
      similar to that in a diet containing soy protein. The addition of glycine did not
      affect the casein-induced concentrations of cholesterol in serum and liver of
      rats. We conclude that the low proportion of glycine in casein does not play a
      role in casein-induced hypercholesterolemia.

PMID- 3687115
TI  - [Methodologic studies of the optimal description of the space-time structure of
      the emission field of communal industrial areas--determination of spatial
      emission distribution].

PMID- 3687114
TI  - Lipid characteristics and malondialdehyde level in the sera of obese people.
AB  - In the blood sera of 70 obese persons (26 men, 44 women) some lipid components
      and malondialdehyde (MDA) level were determined before slimming. The people were
      classified into groups of hyperlipoproteinaemia on the basis of laboratory
      results, according to Fredrickson and Lees. In 32 people with high blood
      cholesterol level (above 5.7 mmol) there were negative correlations between MDA
      and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) fractions. Correlation coefficients were the
      greatest in the group IIa of hyperlipoproteinaemia (HDL-C. r = -0.74; HDL-2-C. r
      = -0.54; HDL-3-C. r = -0.78). Correlations were not found in subjects with a
      normal cholesterol level. The results were attributed to the formation of
      oxidized cholesterol products, caused by lipid peroxidation, which may decrease
      the HDL synthesis. It seems that in hypercholesterolaemia coupled with obesity,
      lipid peroxidation can contribute to the reduction in HDL levels, which is an
      important protective factor against cardiovascular diseases.

PMID- 3687116
TI  - [Suitability of mercapturic acid determination for biological monitoring of
      electrophilic alkylating agents].

PMID- 3687117
TI  - [Sex-specific differences in the most important diagnostic categories for work
      disability caused by illness].

PMID- 3687118
TI  - [Effectiveness of early presentation to the Medical Consultation Commission in
      the city of Dresden].

PMID- 3687119
TI  - [Possibilities for cooperation between child and adolescent health protection,
      occupational health services and military medicine].

PMID- 3687120
TI  - [Health knowledge, health behavior and health relevant attitudes of 12-to-16-year
      old students].

PMID- 3687121
TI  - [Effect of organizational measures on the quality of stomatologic care of
      pregnant patients].

PMID- 3687122
TI  - [Repeated sociologic (social gerontologic) study of elderly citizens active in
      agriculture].

PMID- 3687123
TI  - [Structure and profile of a newly constructed specialty clinic for psychiatry and
      neurology at the Gera district hospital].

PMID- 3687124
TI  - [Family therapy-rehabilitation aspects in caring for children of alcohol
      dependent patients].

PMID- 3687125
TI  - [General aspects of rubella vaccination in girls in the prepubertal age].

PMID- 3687127
TI  - [Characterization of the stress effects of high cognitive performance demands by
      combined measurement of flicker fusion frequency and heart rate].

PMID- 3687126
TI  - [Detection of rubella IgG antibodies using ELISA].

PMID- 3687128
TI  - [Experimental studies of the effect of lead poisoning].

PMID- 3687129
TI  - [Practical significance of partial anosmia for nontoxic concentrations of prussic
      acid].

PMID- 3687130
TI  - [Methodologic studies of the optimal description of the space-time structure of
      the emission field of community industrial areas--determination of distribution
      of emissions].

PMID- 3687131
TI  - [Automated sampling with full electronic control in measuring gaseous emissions].

PMID- 3687132
TI  - [Phenol contamination of ground water by washing out of disposed phenol
      containing rubber wastes].

PMID- 3687133
TI  - [Penetration of prometryne in the lysimeter trial--experiment and mathematical
      model].

PMID- 3687134
TI  - [Incidence of dental caries for optimizing prevention and therapy].

PMID- 3687135
TI  - [Does the parental home still play a significant role in the health education of
      adolescents?].

PMID- 3687136
TI  - [Fibronectin concentrations in the plasma of newborn infants and their mothers
      and various plasma preparations].
AB  - The article describes a method for the quantification of plasma fibronectin (FN)
      by means of electroimmunodiffusion after Laurell. By this means the fibronectin
      concentrations of healthy, mature newborns as well as of their mothers were
      determined. The average FN-level of the newborns lies at 33% related to the value
      for adults and at 48%, respectively, related to the maternal FN-content. There is
      no difference between male and female newborns. The FN-concentrations of the
      adults stated by us with 330 and 314 mg/l, respectively, for males and females
      correspond to the data in literature. Furthermore, the FN-content in plasma
      preparations was determined, with an average value of 2,356 mg/l this was highest
      in the factor-VIII-concentrate. The expediency and the prerequisites for a
      possible fibronectin substitution are discussed.

PMID- 3687137
TI  - [Regional ventricular wall kinetics in cardiomyopathies as an expression of
      disordered function of the left ventricle].
AB  - Regional wall motion of the left ventricle was estimated in different types of
      cardiomyopathy CMP (hypertrophic obstructive CMP = HOCM, hypertrophic
      nonobstructive CMP = HNCM, apical hypertrophic CMP = AHCM and dilatative CMP =
      DCM) using computer-assisted analysis of two-dimensional echocardiographic
      images. Different kinetic pattern depending on distribution of hypertrophy were
      shown in the hypertrophic CMP. The degree and the type of the disturbances of
      left ventricular wall motion in DCM is useful as a prognostic criteria of the
      disease.

PMID- 3687138
TI  - [Computer analysis of peripheral pulse curves].
AB  - The methodical fundaments as well as the technical solutions for a technique of
      the computerized analysis of non-invasively registered peripheral arterial pulse
      curves are demonstrated. Hereby a quantitative analysis of the pulse curves using
      new and significant evaluation parameters is performed as well as a reference to
      the probability diagnosis for the total estimation of the pulse curve is given.
      The technique is realised in form of a mobile microcomputer measuring place and
      allows an automatic registration, evaluation documentation and recording of
      rheograms and pulse oscillograms, respectively immediately at the patient's bed
      and is suited for a broad application in the angiological preliminary and special
      diagnostics.

PMID- 3687139
TI  - [Current therapeutic aspects of echinococcosis].
AB  - It is reported on a 63-year-old female patient who fell ill 20 years after an
      echinococcus cyst of the liver with a multiple parasite-caused cyst-formation in
      the lung which was detected by chance and was already calcified at that time. On
      account of inoperability a conservative treatment with mebendazole (2,000 md/die,
      for 4 months). During a one-year follow-up period a drastic involution of the
      lung cysts with improvement of the general condition of the patient appeared. The
      affection of the liver, however, remained uninfluenced. The ELISA on echinococcus
      was unchanged strongly positive also after one year.

PMID- 3687140
TI  - [Use of streptokinase and urokinase in deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary
      embolism: indications and clinical experience].
AB  - The efficacy of fibrinolysis in DVT is dependent upon the age and organization of
      the thrombus as well as its localization. In consequence, selective evaluation
      prior to determining the indication for thrombolytic therapy is just as important
      for therapeutic success as choosing the appropriate fibrinolytic agent. To
      improve the results of fibrinolysis a team of angiologists, hemostaseologists,
      radiologists and surgeons are cooperating in a special "thromboembolic care
      unit". Phlebographic criteria were defined which allow differentiation of
      fibrinolytic indications depending upon the site of the thrombus. Selection of
      the fibrinolytic agent and careful monitoring of the thrombolysis should ensure a
      maximum therapeutic effect with a minimum of bleeding complications. The duration
      of thrombolysis was established through phlebographic verification and functional
      tests with venous occlusion plethysmography. The cause and results of 108 cases
      of thrombolysis shall be presented.

PMID- 3687141
TI  - [Metabolism kinetic characterization of hypertriglyceridemias in drug therapy
      variations].
AB  - In 26 male patients with primary hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) the radioglycerol
      labelling technique was used to assess triglyceride production rates and
      fractional catabolic rates pertaining to the rapidly turning-over compartment of
      endogenously produced triglycerides (TG). On the basis of these data the patients
      were allotted to 3 groups: group I with predominating TG overproduction, group II
      with predominating disturbances of TG removal from the bloodstream, and group III
      with a combination of both dysfunctions. All patients were examined prior to and
      after 4 weeks of drug intake at the metabolic ward. Each group got a medical
      treatment aiming at removing the pathogenetic cause of the HTG. Biguanides used
      in group I decreased TG production rates without affecting fractional catabolic
      rates. In group II an anabolic steroid (chlormethyltestosterone) proved to be
      able to improve TG removal, but this improvement was accompanied by a significant
      lowering of HDL cholesterol and an increase in LDL cholesterol. In contrast,
      clofibric acid influenced both overproduction and removal impairment in group
      III. Our results give an insight into mechanisms of action of certain lipid
      lowering drugs providing a basis for future improvements in the elimination of
      the risk factor HTG.

PMID- 3687142
TI  - [Alternative medicine in oncology].
AB  - Unsolved medical key problems always gave and give way to outsider ideas and
      alternative-medical activities. This is normal and intellectually to be performed
      and often to be experienced in a humane respect. The problem of cancer with its
      great social relevance, but above all with its high moral claim to an early
      solution is particularly attractive for alternative-medical initiatives. These
      can be classified into the subjects of alternative diagnostics of cancer,
      immunotherapy, physiotherapy/homoepathy/organotherapy, anthroposophical cancer
      therapy, cancer diets and hypertherapy/multistep therapy. The analysis of these
      initiatives shows that the alternative medicine in oncology, and this is perhaps
      typical, not on a small scale is determined by personalities with philanthropic
      ideals, a superelevated consciousness of mission or lost self-criticism. Errors
      of famous scientists in the younger past are deplorable. Indeed, alternative
      medicine always means a scientifically devious subject, but on no account an
      offence against the scientific morality. Alternatively thinking personalities
      with their ideas may even stimulate, provoke and clarify scientific standpoints.
      But the analysis of initiatives given also shows that the alternative medicine in
      oncology may lead to deplorable commercial (iscador, carnivora) or medical
      doubts. Thus alternative medicine may become a disadvantage, a danger for science
      (lavished means) and society (misguidance of patients).

PMID- 3687143
TI  - [Definition and classification of porphyrias].
AB  - According to the newest recognitions a disease entity is to be ascribed to every
      deficient enzyme of the chain of haemobiosynthesis, so that the subdivisions of
      the porphyrin diseases, having often changed since several decades, may be
      substituted by classifications on ascertained enzymatic basis. An establishment
      of the well-known porphyrias is given, taking into consideration the first
      describers, the hereditary factors and first individual of homozygous diseases.

PMID- 3687144
TI  - [Blood cell sedimentation rate--is the 2-hour value still necessary?].
AB  - In a group of patients with colorectal carcinoma and a control group the problem
      was investigated whether or not the 2-hour-value of the erythrocyte sedimentation
      rate yields additional information. The 2-h-rate of ESR turns out to have a
      higher sensitivity than the 1-h-value. One should, therefore, continue to measure
      both the 1-h- and 2-h-value of ESR.

PMID- 3687145
TI  - [Long-term studies of colonization of the gastric mucosa by Campylobacter
      pyloridis].
AB  - Multiple biopsy specimens of gastric mucosa of 15 patients taken at different
      intervals with an observation period of 4 to 20 years were evaluated.
      Histological examination revealed superficial gastritis in most cases without
      radical and progressive destruction of the mucosa and in all but one case the
      presence of CLO was demonstrated with varying degree of intensity. No evidence
      was found for causal relationship between bacterial colonization and
      inflammation.

PMID- 3687146
TI  - [Alagille syndrome, a rare differential diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis].
AB  - In Alagille's syndrome cholestasis is caused by a congenital hypoplasia of the
      intrahepatic bile ducts. If cardiac and arterial malformations are present in
      conjunction with the typical-but not pathognomonic-facies, this rare syndrome
      must be considered. ERCP shows a highly rarified bile duct system. Liver
      histology with a paucity of interlobular bile ducts establishes the diagnosis.
      Inheritance appears to be autosomal dominant. The relatively good prognosis of
      the disease calls for caution concerning invasive procedures.

PMID- 3687148
TI  - [Campylobacter pylori,a commensal, opportunistic or primary pathogenic bacterium.
      An international discussion by experts on the occasion of the 42d meeting of the
      German Society for Digestive and Metabolic Diseases. Salzburg, 9-12 September
      1987. Proceedings].

PMID- 3687147
TI  - [Routine premedication in endoscopic studies?].

PMID- 3687149
TI  - [Therapy of peptic ulcer and chronic gastritis with bismuth salts].
AB  - Colloidal bismuth subcitrate (CBS) precipitates in an acid environment, adheres
      to mucus, blocks pepsin activity, retards hydrogen-ion back diffusion and
      stimulates prostaglandin synthesis. The average healing rate after 4 weeks'
      treatment with CBS is 78% in duodenal ulcer versus 67% with cimetidine. A direct
      comparison with ranitidine gives healing rates of 78% (CBS) as opposed to 78%
      with ranitidine. The corresponding figures in gastric ulcer are 68% (CBS) and 54%
      (cimetidine). The percentage of relapse-free patients is substantially higher
      after CBS ulcer healing than after H2-blockers. Bismuth subsalicylate eliminates
      Campylobacter pylori in 71% after 4-weeks' therapy. Parallel to this elimination
      a decrease and normalization of the acute inflammatory process can be seen in
      antral mucosa.

PMID- 3687150
TI  - [Electron microscopic findings during treatment of Campylobacter pylori-positive
      gastritis with bismuth salts].

PMID- 3687151
TI  - [Parameters of maternal oxygen transport in risk pregnancies].
AB  - Fetal oxygen supply depends on the one hand on placental perfusion and on the
      other on maternal and fetal oxygen transport parameters. In the study reported
      here the maternal oxygen transport parameters, such as the O2 half-saturation
      pressure P50 (mmHg) and the factors influencing it (2, 3-DPG, ATP, pH) were
      studied in high-risk pregnancies in comparison with a control group of normal
      pregnancies. A total of 112 patients at the Department of Gynecology and
      Obstetrics of the Rhine-Westphalian Technical University in Aachen were examined.
      All calculations were done with the BMDP static analysis system. Using the Mann
      Whitney test, no location differences in the various parameters were detected at
      the level alpha = 0,05 between to group of patients with EPH gestosis and the
      control group. The same results were obtained when patients with placental
      insufficiency were compared with the control group. In contrast, a significant
      shift in location in oxygen transport was detectable in patients in whom there
      was an imminent danger of premature birth. In such cases it must be assumed that
      the fetus is at risk. After at least two days' intravenous administration of
      Fenoterol the possibility of a transient deficiency of fetal oxygen supply due to
      the change in the maternal oxygen transport parameters must be considered, since
      it cannot be assumed that there will be a compensatory increase in placental
      perfusion under Fenoterol. With peroral tokolysis the oxygen supply to the fetus
      is not impaired as far as maternal oxygen transport parameters are concerned.

PMID- 3687152
TI  - [Controlled acoustic and photic stimulation of the fetus in the last pregnancy
      trimester].
AB  - The aim of the study communicated here was to check any fetal reactions occurring
      after external stimulation (light-optic and acoustic stimuli), depending on fetal
      behavioral status. The group studied (acoustic/light stimulation) comprised 85
      patients with normal course of pregnancy at term (37th to 42nd week of
      gestation). They were compared with a control group of nonstimulated patients (n
      = 26), also with normal course of pregnancy and corresponding gestational age.
      Fetal heart frequencies and an external tokogram were recorded synchronously with
      the fetal respiration, body, limb and eye movements registered simultaneously by
      two independent observers and the fetal behavioral statuses were defined
      (Nijhuis, Prechtl et al. 1982; Boos and Schmidt 1984; van Vliet et al. 1985). The
      stimulation methods used were as follows: 1. Single-frequency pure tone (2 kHz,
      120 dB, 5 sec) 2. Sawtooth-modulated pure tone (0.5-2.0 kHz, modulation frequency
      10 Hz, 120 dB, 5 sec) 3. Low-frequency, sawtooth-modulated pure tone (with
      vibration effect), (0.1-0.3 kHz, modulation frequency 10 Hz, 120 dB, 5 sec) 4.
      Light stimulation: electronic photographic flash, luminous intensity 25 X 10(6)
      Lux/10(-3) sec, 8 flash sequences in 10 sec, distance from maternal abdomen 20
      cm. In order to rule out purely coincidental changes in fetal attitude, both
      genuine and "sham" stimulations were performed in randomized sequence, in the
      latter case without any acoustic or light-optic signals. No differences in fetal
      reactions were found with the three different acoustic stimulation
      methods.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3687154
TI  - [AIDS--danger of contagion for medical personnel].

PMID- 3687153
TI  - [Pregnancy and labor in a duplex uterus].
AB  - It is reported about the clinical development of pregnancy and birth of a patient
      with uterus duplex separatus. One abortion was followed by two normal
      pregnancies. This case shows that in case of complete double-malformation of the
      uterus the pregnancy can develope without complication. Because of reported
      obstetrical complications a primary cesarean section should be preferred.

PMID- 3687155
TI  - [Value of pathologic thyroid gland findings in alopecia areata].
AB  - As we had frequently found goiters in patients with alopecia areata, we performed
      specific thyroid diagnostics in 120 patients suffering from this kind of loss of
      hair. By means of palpatory, sonographic, and scintigraphic examination of the
      thyroid gland, we found in 18% no goiters, in 70% diffuse goiters, and in 12%
      nodular goiters. In 115 patients, the metabolic condition showed euthyroidism, 3
      patients had subclinical hypothyroidism, and 2 patients subclinical
      hyperthyroidism. We did not detect any increased incidence of antibodies against
      thyroglobulin or thyroid microsomes; only one patient showed Hashimoto's
      thyroiditis. The resected goiter tissue of 3 patients with thyroid enlargement
      and alopecia areata predominantly revealed the typical regressive changes usually
      seen in colloid and common goiters. But, contrary to the scalp biopsies, the
      goiter tissue only showed slight antigen expression of HLA-DR. On account of the
      high incidence of non-toxic diffuse goiters, we discuss the possibility of a
      goitrogenic factor associated with alopecia areata.

PMID- 3687157
TI  - [Clinical aspects and differential diagnosis of cutaneous lupus erythematosus].
AB  - On the basis of LE cases treated at the Department of Dermatology, Dusseldorf
      University, during the last few years, we present the various forms of cutaneous
      lupus erythematosus (CLE). 72% of the patients showed discoid lupus erythematosus
      (DLE), whereas disseminated discoid LE (DDLE) and lupus panniculitis were found
      in 3% each. Lupus erythematosus tumidus (LET), as well, must be regarded as
      exceptional. Subacute cutaneous LE (SCLE) and systemic LE (SLE) showed nearly
      similar frequency (10 and 12%, resp.). Bullous LE is also very rare and must be
      considered a variant of SLE. The various forms of cutaneous LE can be
      differentiated according to clinical presentation and histopathology. Direct
      immunofluorescence, in contrast, has but limited diagnostic value, except with
      lesions on the scalp. Exact classification of cutaneous LE is the more essential,
      as it implies considerable therapeutic and prognostic consequences for the
      patient.

PMID- 3687156
TI  - [Acroangiodermatitis (pseudo-Kaposi disease)].
AB  - We present clinical, angiological, and histopathological findings concerning
      different kinds of so-called "kaposiform" acroangiodermatitis. In particular, we
      refer to the etiopathogenesis, prognosis, differential diagnosis, and therapy of
      each entity. The similarities between the so-called "kaposiform"
      acroangiodermatitis and Kaposi's sarcoma are primarily derived from clinical
      criteria. In contrast to Kaposi's sarcoma, the histopathological picture of
      acroangiodermatitis usually shows stasis dermatitis.

PMID- 3687158
TI  - [Treatment of keloids by cryotherapy].
AB  - Cryotherapy was performed on 7 patients with 35 keloids of different
      pathogenesis. In 5 out of these patients, prior treatment with creams,
      radiotherapy, or excision followed by radiotherapy had failed. The keloids were
      frozen several times by contact with liquid nitrogen (40 to 90 sec). After
      bullous local reactions and crusted healing, the lesions gradually leveled down.
      Atrophic scars resulted after 1 to 8 treatments. Old keloids (2 to 8-year-old)
      showed good therapeutic response. No relapses were registered during the follow
      up period of 3 month up to a year. Only one patient discontinued therapy, and a
      10-year-old boy could not stand the initial pain of freezing. On account of our
      encouraging results and the low complication rate, we recommend cryotherapy in
      the treatment of old keloids.

PMID- 3687159
TI  - [Disorders of steroid metabolism in inflammatory skin diseases].
AB  - The corticosteroid and androgen metabolites in the urine of 37 test subjects (11
      healthy volunteers, 16 patients with eczema, and 10 patients with psoriasis) were
      investigated by means of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. In addition,
      we studied the cortisol and testosterone levels in the plasma by
      radioimmunoassay. Those patients who had been treated with corticosteroids during
      the last two weeks were excluded. Our findings revealed that the excretion rate
      of steroid metabolites was significantly reduced in dermatological patients. The
      excretion rate of corticosteroids in urine was decreased an average of 25%
      (eczema) and 29% (psoriasis). The reduction of the androgen metabolites amounted
      to 26% and 31%. Cortisol and testosterone levels in the plasma were normal in all
      the cases.

PMID- 3687160
TI  - [Vasomotor rhinitis].

PMID- 3687161
TI  - [Subungual exostosis].
AB  - Representative of seven cases observed during the last four years, we report on
      two cases of subungual exostosis. We present the clinical symptoms, our
      radiographical and histopathological findings, as well as the possible
      differential diagnoses. Local curettage or excision are regarded as the treatment
      of choice.

PMID- 3687162
TI  - [The REM syndrome--alternative therapeutic possibilities].
AB  - Chloroquine and chloroquine derivatives have proved successful in the therapy of
      REM syndrome (REMS). Alternative treatment schedules have not been described so
      far. In a female Patient, chloroquine therapy had to be discontinued because of
      ophthalmologic contraindication. PUVA therapy induced complete remission, whereas
      dapsone alone only led to incomplete improvement. Additional UV radiation--mainly
      UV-A--had a positive effect. Chloroquine contraindication justifies the use of
      these alternative therapeutic approaches to REMS.

PMID- 3687163
TI  - [Classification and scope of clinical variations of Melkersson-Rosenthal
      syndrome].
AB  - Apart from the apparent trias of oro-facial swellings, facial paresis, and lingua
      plicata (LP), Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome (MRS) comprises a variety of complex
      signs and symptoms. During the last 18 years, 73 patients suffering from MRS were
      admitted to our hospital. Re-examination of 42 out of these patients and
      evaluation of all data available proved preceding facial paresis(es) in only 34%
      of all cases and LP of various degrees in 52%. In more than 80%, however, we
      found vasomotoric, sialo-secretory, or other neurovegetative "minor signs",
      locally and/or temporally connected with swellings of either skin or mucosa.
      Since such minor signs are essential for the diagnosis and the understanding of
      both "complete" and "incomplete" forms of MRS (either associated with or without
      typical cheilitis granulomatosa), we worked out a classification of MRS
      considering the dermal, neurological, and neurovegetative affections observed in
      our cases and according to the relevant literature. A systematic classification
      like this, which takes into account the diagnostic signification of the findings,
      allows exact recognition of "incomplete" forms of MRS and represents a conditio
      sine qua non with regard to family studies and the follow-up of patients
      concerned.

PMID- 3687164
TI  - [HLA typing in patients with Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome].
AB  - 27 patients suffering from Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome (MRS) and 46 of their
      first degree relatives were investigated with special reference to
      histocompatibility standardization. In contrast to a control group of 223 healthy
      German volunteers, our MRS patients revealed high-yet statistically not
      significant-levels of HLA-B16 and HLA-Cw3 antigens.

PMID- 3687165
TI  - [Antiarrhythmia effectiveness of oral sotalol in patients with coronary heart
      disease and ventricular tachycardias].
AB  - In order to assess whether Sotalol is an effective drug in patients (pts) with
      life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias, programmed ventricular stimulation
      (PVS) was performed in 30 pts with recurrent ventricular tachycardia (VT) or
      ventricular fibrillation (VF) after myocardial infarction. Prior to Sotalol, pts
      were treated with a mean of 3.1 +/- 1.2 antiarrhythmic class I drugs. None of
      these drugs prevented VT or VF. During the control study, sustained VT was
      induced in 15 pts (50.0%), non-sustained VT in 8 pts (26.7%) and VF in 7 pts
      (23.3%). Treatment with Sotalol 240-320 mg/day was started and after 3.1 +/- 1.1
      weeks PVS was repeated. In none of the pts could VF be induced; sustained VT and
      non-sustained VT were still inducible in 4 pts (13.3%) and in 6 pts (20.0%)
      respectively. In 20 pts (66.7%) either no or only a short ventricular response
      was inducible. Our data show that Sotalol appears to be an effective
      antiarrhythmic agent in pts with life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias.

PMID- 3687166
TI  - [Echocardiographic contractility reserve and invasive hemodynamics in physical
      stress in probands with healthy hearts and patients with dilated cardiomyopathy].
AB  - In the present study, 17 patients with angiographically proven dilative
      cardiomyopathy (CM) were investigated simultaneously by both invasive right heart
      catheter and 1D/2D echocardiography at rest (R) and during bicycle exercise (E)
      stress test. They were compared with 14 normal subjects (N). The
      echocardiographic contractility reserve was determined as an increase in the
      systolic pump function (shortening fraction-SF, ejection fraction - EF) and
      compared with pulmonary capillary wedge pressure during exercise. 14/17
      echocardiograms of dilative cardiomyopathy and all echocardiograms of normal
      subjects at rest as well as during exercise could be accepted. In N,
      echocardiographic parameters of systolic function significantly increased during
      exercise, whereas dilative cardiomyopathy showed decreased contractility reserve
      with no increase in pump function (for CM patients, at rest SF: 21.3% +/- 8%; EF:
      41.6% +/- 14%; exercise SF: 21.3 +/- 9%; EF: 40.7% +/- 15%). Hemodynamic
      investigation in CM showed no increase in stroke volume accompanied by a
      pathologic increase in pulmonary wedge pressure, ranging from x = 16.4 mmHg at
      rest, up to 30.0 mm Hg in exercise (p less than 0.001), whereas in normal
      subjects, no pathologic increase in pressure was present (from 10.3 mm Hg at rest
      to 13.7 mm Hg during exercise). There were closed relations between invasive and
      non-invasive data. The relative alteration of stroke volume during E showed in N
      and in CM good correlation with echocardiography (N + 19%, CM -2%) and invasive
      data (N + 18%, CM + 2%). FSe during stress and PCPm showed a closed inverse
      correlation during exercise (p less than 0.001; r = 0.8). The lower the
      contractility in echocardiogram, the higher PCPm was in exercise.

PMID- 3687167
TI  - [Effect of respiration on variations of central venous blood temperature].
AB  - We examined the course of right ventricular blood temperature before, during and
      after treadmill exercise in three patients with implanted cardiac pacemakers, and
      in two healthy volunteers. Temperature measurements were performed with a
      specially developed 5F electrode with an incorporated thermistor (measurement
      accuracy: 1/100 degrees C). After electronic amplification, the temperature
      signals were recorded on a three-channel strip chart recorder, together with ECG
      and respiration (measured by impedance plethysmography). In one of the
      volunteers, blood flow in the jugular and femoral veins was recorded by Doppler
      sonography, before and after exercise. We observed a decrease in central venous
      blood temperature with inspiration and an increase with expiration before, during
      and after exercise. The amplitudes of the variations became smaller during
      exercise, reached a maximum immediately after exercise and returned to their
      resting values within a few minutes after the end of exercise. We suppose
      different distributions of venous blood flow in different phases of the
      respiratory cycle to be the reason for the respiration-induced variations in
      central venous blood temperature. Under exercise conditions, the influence of
      respiration on the blood flow in the larger veins is small compared to the
      influence of an increased cardiac output; at rest, respiration has a more
      pronounced effect on venous blood flow. The analysis of our blood flow
      measurements in the femoral and jugular veins supported this assumption.

PMID- 3687168
TI  - [Muscular obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract. Subvalvular
      pulmonary stenosis or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?].
AB  - A case is reported of right ventricular outflow obstruction caused by
      hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The pressure gradient between the inflow tract and
      the outflow tract of the right ventricle was 84 mm Hg. Resection of the
      hypertrophic muscle bundles practically eliminated the obstruction leaving only
      an insignificant subvalvular gradient of 2 mm Hg. Histologic examination revealed
      cardiac muscle cell hypertrophy and disorganization.

PMID- 3687169
TI  - [Marital feedback behavior: relations between feedback activity of the partner
      and feedback quality, duration of the marriage and ability of the marriage to
      function].
AB  - The effect of the quality of feedback and the feedback activity of partners on
      the feedback behavior of married controls, who differed with regard to the
      duration and the functioning of their marriages, was investigated. 106 married
      couples were divided into a group of disturbed marriages in the first half of
      life (GJE), a group of disturbed marriages in the second half of life (GAE), and
      harmonious marriages (HAE). During a conflict-conversation that was structured
      according to the technique of revealed differences the partners exchanged
      positive and negative feedback optically and acoustically. Corresponding to the
      frequency of the feedback active and less active partners were differentiated. In
      comparison with the couples of the HAE group, couples of the GAE group gave less
      feedback, especially less positive feedback. The less active partner of the GAE
      group gave significantly more negative feedback than the comparable partner of
      the HAE group. Differences between the GAE and the GJE group that can be called
      statistically significant do not exist. The results have been discussed with
      respect to their application.

PMID- 3687170
TI  - [Relations between grandparents and grandchildren].
AB  - In spite of the steadily increasing number of grandparents there is only few
      research on this subject. In four studies we tried to elaborate forms of
      interaction between grandparents and grandchildren of different age groups. The
      samples comprised grandparent-grandchildren pairs, which were explored separately
      in an extensive way (altogether 232 subjects). Comparative results on contact
      frequency, styles of grandparenting, functions of grandparents, meaning of the
      parent-generation and--only for the elder people--perception of own grandparents
      as well as satisfaction with the grandparent role are reported and discussed.

PMID- 3687171
TI  - [Thematics of the multi-generation family: an example of a 6- and 7-generation
      family].
AB  - By investigating multi-generational families, a number of family themes can be
      detected. This example of a six- and seven-generation family points to unique
      family relationships and themes, such as teenage pregnancy. The influence of
      societal changes on the development of a multi-generational family is described,
      as well as intergenerational changes with respect to family cohesion.

PMID- 3687172
TI  - [Role of the social support network in caring for the aged].
AB  - This study presents the results of an investigation of the reasons for the
      elderly people being cared for as residents of nursing homes or as outpatients.
      With regard to the reasons for being outpatients or being residents of nursing
      homes it can be pointed out: elderly people as outpatients can only be cared for
      as long as there are intact social relations. If services for outpatients are not
      supplemented by social relations the stay in a nursing home cannot be avoided.

PMID- 3687173
TI  - [Evaluating the health of the elderly and well-being of relatives caring for the
      elderly].
AB  - Facilitating a realistic appraisal of physical and psychiatric health parameters
      of a diseased family member has shown to be most important in counseling families
      with frail elder relatives. It is a prerequisite for adequate coping strategies
      to reduce caregiver burden, e.g. for the relief available using professional
      help. Data of a study on 140 families with a diseased elder relative (Bruder et
      al.) (1) are used to identify 6 types of families that differ maximally with
      regard to estimation of the old person's state of health (denial, realistic view
      or aggravation of disease by the caregiver and/or by the old person) by means of
      cluster analysis. A multiple regression of "caregiver wellbeing" on the elderly's
      "objective health status", on "family type" and on an interaction term "objective
      health status" by "family type" accounts for roughly 33% of the variance of
      caregiver wellbeing. A highly significant effect of the interaction term proves
      denial and/or aggravation of the elder person's state of disease to be
      detrimental to caregiver wellbeing given a certain grade of disease of the old
      person. A negative effect of the patient's disease on caregiver wellbeing is
      found especially for families a) with old person and caregiver misjudging
      physical deficits in opposite directions and b) with caregivers denying organic
      brain deterioration in their frail relative. A concept for counseling families
      reaching from information, support during the process of grieving about loss of
      the elder's capacities up to psychotherapeutically oriented help for family
      members is briefly described.

PMID- 3687174
TI  - [Esthetic training of the elderly--with special reference to the therapeutic
      effects of pictorial creative activities].
AB  - Hitherto programmes of artistic-creative activities with the elderly have meant
      to a large extent keeping such individuals busy and to aim at a "naive art" in
      the style of Grandma Moses, characterized by a conformity with stereotypes and
      practical utilizability. An aesthetic education of the elderly must, however, be
      guided by the recovery, extension and intensification of communicative fields and
      the strengthening and stabilization of identity and self-esteem. Emphasis,
      therefore, must not be placed on the production of a useful item corresponding to
      market rules but rather on the production process itself, which provides positive
      experience with material and techniques, strengthens self-confidence, reduces the
      demand for very good workmanship and enhances self-reliance and self
      responsibility. Artistic-creative activities in this sense have a therapeutic
      effect; they stimulate the ability to communicate and enhance self-esteem.
      Experience made so far with art therapy with the elderly is discussed, in
      particular its effects on the treatment of the depressed elderly.

PMID- 3687175
TI  - [Vanillic acid, a new chromogen for the enzymatic determination of glucose].

PMID- 3687176
TI  - [A method for the enzymatic-amperometric determination of glucose in the urine].

PMID- 3687177
TI  - [Determination of chlorides in the serum].

PMID- 3687178
TI  - [Nephelometric determination of protein concentrations with instruments of the
      Spekol series of the Carl Zeiss Co., Jena. III. Use of cerebrospinal fluid and
      serum].

PMID- 3687179
TI  - [Rate of flow, protein concentration and glutamate dehydrogenase activity of
      human saliva].

PMID- 3687180
TI  - [A suggestion for the procedure with the new test sera for anti-human IgG and
      anti-human IgM immunoturbidimetry].

PMID- 3687181
TI  - [A method for the recovery of dioxane, naphthalene, PPO and POPOP from used
      scintillation solutions].

PMID- 3687182
TI  - Pediatric lung disease in Virginia.

PMID- 3687183
TI  - Autopsies in Virginia: findings and recommendations.

PMID- 3687184
TI  - Balloon valvuloplasty for calcific aortic stenosis: case report.

PMID- 3687185
TI  - Valvuloplasty.

PMID- 3687186
TI  - [Acute kidney insufficiency in elderly patients].

PMID- 3687188
TI  - [Effect of different doses of the novocaine salt of benzylpenicillin and its
      combination with chymotrypsin on the penicillin content of the blood serum in
      syphilis patients].

PMID- 3687187
TI  - [Dynamics of the concentration of griseofulvin in the blood and urine when used
      jointly with alpha-tocopherol (clinical and experimental research)].

PMID- 3687190
TI  - [Experience in using mathematical analysis for predicting morbidity in infectious
      forms of syphilis].

PMID- 3687189
TI  - [Epidemiological characteristics of zoonotic Microsporum infections].

PMID- 3687191
TI  - [Experience with the combined therapy of vitiligo patients].

PMID- 3687192
TI  - [Oppenheim-Urbach necrobiosis lipoidica].

PMID- 3687193
TI  - [Validation of phototherapy in vitiligo].

PMID- 3687194
TI  - [Differential diagnostic characteristics of atypical keratoacanthomas].

PMID- 3687195
TI  - [Combination of Fiessinger-Rendu ectodermosis erosiva pluriorificialis and
      myocarditis].

PMID- 3687196
TI  - [Effectiveness of tuberculin therapy in a female sarcoidosis patient].

PMID- 3687197
TI  - [Use of a chinofungin aerosol in mycotic lesions of the skin].

PMID- 3687198
TI  - [Mineralocorticoid function of the adrenal cortex in men with gonorrhea].

PMID- 3687199
TI  - [Clinico-immunological indices of syphilis patients during treatment].

PMID- 3687200
TI  - [Disorders of immunity in atopic dermatitis].

PMID- 3687201
TI  - [Effect of etamid on penicillin levels of the blood serum and cerebrospinal fluid
      of syphilis patients].

PMID- 3687203
TI  - [The Berne Harz-As (Ace of Hearts) Project: goals, study plan and initial
      results].
AB  - The Berne Harz-As (Ace of Heart) project is a randomized trial in changing
      cardiovascular risk factors, morbidity and subjective health. It further
      investigates to what extent psychosocial and somatic factors account for these
      health indicators in the course of at least 4 years. A pilot study conducted in
      two companies (N = 620) indicates that the project is feasible and acceptable to
      both management and employees and that the intervention goals are justified.

PMID- 3687202
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene of Newcastle disease
      virus avirulent strain D26: evidence for a longer coding region with a carboxyl
      terminal extension as compared to virulent strains.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of DNA clones complementary to the genomic RNA of an
      extremely avirulent strain D26 of Newcastle disease virus was analyzed, and the
      sequence of 2102 nucleotides directly following F gene reported previously (Sato
      et al., 1987, Virus Res. 7, 241-255), and corresponding to HN0 gene was
      determined. A long open reading frame coding for the HN0 peptide of 616 amino
      acid residues was found in this sequence. It was flanked by the consensus
      sequences N1 and N2 (Ishida et al., 1986, Nucleic Acids Res. 14, 6551-6564), and
      the former was shown by the primer extension method to serve as the
      transcriptional initiation site. The deduced amino acid sequence of the HN0
      peptide was highly homologous to that of the HN peptides of strains Beaudette C
      and B1, but had a carboxyl terminal extension of 39 amino acid residues with a
      potential glycosylation site in it. The terminal extension is likely to be
      excised during the processing, and this is consistent with the observation that
      unglycosylated HN0 is larger in size than unglycosylated HN. A microheterogeneity
      among the cDNA clones in the nucleotide sequence was also noted which may be
      relevant to the synthesis of a small amount of an HN-sized peptide in strain D26
      infected cells.

PMID- 3687204
TI  - [A plan for a randomized evaluation study for improving the memory of the aged].
AB  - The training is realised through exercises carried out during courses and at
      home. The effectiveness of this training is assessed by psychometric tests
      (before/after) and a questionnaire for self evaluation (after). An equal number
      of subjects to be trained and controls are selected among 100 or so voluntary
      participants.

PMID- 3687205
TI  - [Health promotion for community patients--and health care].
AB  - There is a basic attitude in using terms like 'sick' or 'healthy' referring to a
      client. This attitude determines the nursing and therapeutic measures. The
      provision of health care is an inevitable part of the community nursing services.
      The relation to the population is given on the basis of personal contact in every
      day matters. Communal or visiting nursing organisations can not handle large
      projects by themselves but are definitely in the position to participate.
      Continuing further education is a necessity for nurses as well as for the
      employers. Community nursing is in addition dependent on the support and co
      operation of advanced thinking specialists groups.

PMID- 3687206
TI  - [Need for professional expertise in institutions and public health services in 4
      cantons and Tessin. Hypothesis--objectives--implementation].
AB  - This survey consists in a process of "collaborative reflection" between
      consultants from a university department of public health and health authorities
      in five cantons. The goal of this effort is to identify, within a common
      framework, known and suspected health problems, risk factors, preventive measures
      as well as priority research needs in these areas. This information is used to
      determine the need for an increased access to public health experts at the level
      of the cantons and gives some indication as to the characteristics required of
      such experts. Since participants in the survey are also responsible for promotion
      and implementation of concrete actions for prevention, it is anticipated that
      this project will result in a number of initiatives focused on the problem which
      have been identified. The methodology used was inspired by methods previously
      described for problem identification and program planning, such as the Delphi
      technique, but was adapted in an original way to the particular needs of this
      survey. In the first phase, interviews with persons responsible for key health
      administrations and institutions in each canton are conducted in order to
      identify the maximum number of salient facts, problems and unresolved questions.
      In a second phase results and problem statements are consolidated, fed back to
      all participants and, through repeated contacts, completed, redefined and ranked
      in order of importance. Although the survey is still ongoing, it has already led
      to the identification of a number of health problems, possible risk factors and
      research priorities which had hitherto not been formally identified, and to one
      concrete program aimed at improving preventive intervention.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3687207
TI  - [Simulit, a simulation model for hospital planning].
AB  - The aim of this computerized simulation model is to provide an estimate of the
      number of beds used by a population, taking into accounts important determining
      factors. These factors are demographic data of the deserved population,
      hospitalization rates, hospital case-mix and length of stay; these parameters can
      be taken either from observed data or from scenarii. As an example, the projected
      evolution of the number of beds in Canton Vaud for the period 1893-2010 is
      presented.

PMID- 3687208
TI  - Determinants of physician visit rates among joggers: multivariate analysis of
      4000 participants in a popular race.
AB  - In a large sample of joggers, endurance capacity was inversely, but weekly
      mileage, competitive training motive, and female gender were positively and
      independently related to use of ambulatory care. Despite the significance of
      regression models, sports activity and psychological characteristics of the
      joggers explained only a modest part of their low overall physician visit rates.

PMID- 3687209
TI  - [Evaluation of national prevention campaigns against AIDS: analysis model].
AB  - The evaluation of the "Stop-Aids" campaign is based upon a model of behaviour
      modification (McAlister) which includes the communication theory of McGuire and
      the social learning theory of Bandura. Using this model, it is possible to define
      key variables that are used to measure the impact of the campaign. Process
      evaluation allows identification of multipliers that reinforce and confirm the
      initial message of prevention (source) thereby encouraging behaviour
      modifications that are likely to reduce the transmission of HIV (condom use, no
      sharing of injection material, monogamous relationship, etc.). Twelve studies
      performed by seven teams in the three linguistic areas contribute to the project.
      A synthesis of these results will be performed by the IUMSP.

PMID- 3687210
TI  - [An exhibition on sexually transmissible diseases and AIDS for Vaudois
      apprentices].
AB  - An exhibition on STDs and AIDS, animated constantly by specially trained
      professionals, was organized in a school for apprentices (6500 pupils). Its
      purposes: to help youngsters make more personal and responsible decisions about
      their sexual lives; to reinforce their knowledges on STDs and AIDS transmission
      and prevention; modify their attitudes and behavior in the field of contraception
      (discussions with partner, use of condoms). The impact of this exhibition will be
      measured scientifically.

PMID- 3687212
TI  - Sinonasal cancer and furniture workers: update and methodological points.
AB  - Using data drawn and adapted from the 1980 national census and the mortality
      statistics for the years 1979-1985, we update our previously published
      standardized mortality ratio for sinonasal cancer mortality and odds ratio for
      sinonasal adenocarcinoma death among Swiss furniture workers. The former is 620
      (95% confidence interval 360-1020, p less than 0.00001), the latter is 75.

PMID- 3687211
TI  - [Cancer mortality according to occupation].
AB  - The 55 profession groups, fully enclosing the male population of Switzerland, can
      be adjoined to a cancer risk category, according to their absolute and
      proportional mortality rate from 1979 to 1983 (age standardized for 35- to 74
      years old). Lung-cancer mortality is for all building trade professions, even for
      building engineer and truck drivers, three times higher as for professions asking
      school-leaving examination. The carcinoma of the superior digestion tract and the
      bladder follow this falling incidence, while the opposite, profession specific
      falling incidence being shown by colon and rectum cancers and by the tumours of
      the lymphatic tissue and the prostata. Deduction of the results is cancer
      prevention: this should be carried out by a general, profession-orientated
      furtherance.

PMID- 3687213
TI  - [An instrument for the study of occupationally-induced cancers using mortality
      statistics: the example of Swiss furniture and foundry workers].
AB  - This article presents the conditions necessary for the use of mortality
      statistics to investigate occupational cancer risks. These include the use of
      various data sources (linked files for verification of death certificate items,
      cancer registries for histological information) and the consideration of trends
      and cohort effects. In such a way, arguments for or against specific causal
      relations between occupation and disease can be gained.

PMID- 3687214
TI  - Malpresentation by birth-weight and infant outcome: fetal version and obstetric
      needs in Indonesia.

PMID- 3687215
TI  - Placentae abruptio & previa, by infant outcome, birth-weight & gender: male
      excess abruption?

PMID- 3687216
TI  - [Recourse to alcohol and self-medication in situations of family disruption--a
      model of sociologic analysis].
AB  - The aim of this study is to explore the different meanings of alcohol and over
      the-counter drugs consumption under the stress related to family disruptions. In
      order to understand these consumptions, our analysis model considers at the same
      time the main gaps in the health conceptions and the kind of strategies developed
      by the single parent to cope with his family situation.

PMID- 3687217
TI  - [Follow-up of substance-dependent patients treated with methadone in the canton
      of Vaud (1976-1986)--preliminary results].
AB  - A survey of a methadone treated population of 562 heroin addicts was undertaken
      to determine which factors linked to certain characteristics of the individual or
      to the cures, might be associated with either a positive outcome or failure.
      Furthermore it enabled the recording of various modifications with regard to
      social and professional integration, as well as tracing the penal career, both
      during the cure and to the cut-off date (31 July 1986). This paper presents the
      preliminary results of the survey in relation, firstly, to certain aspects of the
      individual's career in drug abuse, within a specific population; secondly, the
      various efforts towards detoxification and lastly the situation with regard to
      their state of drug addiction at the cut-off date.

PMID- 3687218
TI  - [Smoking habits in relation to socioeconomic factors].
AB  - Smoking habits are analyzed by SEG for men and women, aged 15-74. The SEGs are
      constructed using education and income and here only the middle-class, with three
      sub-groups, is considered. Over-achievers are more often smokers. There are less
      quitters and more heavy smokers in this sub-group than among under-achievers.
      Smoking habits of female over- and middle-achievers are similar to those of male
      over-achievers. Female and male under-achievers show similar smoking habits.
      These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that socio-economic factors
      are influential in determining smoking habits.

PMID- 3687219
TI  - [Risk of cancer in locations containing asbestos: myth or reality?].
AB  - The risk of cancer induced by asbestos is proportional to the 'dose' inhaled
      (level X duration of exposure). Airborne asbestos fibre concentrations in
      buildings with sprayed asbestos insulation are very low. The estimation of life
      long risk of cancer for people working continuously in this kind of buildings was
      made according to the Hughes and Weill's model. The lung cancer and mesothelioma
      mortality increase, attributable to asbestos, would be less than 0.1%, which
      means less than one death by century for all employees working in these
      buildings, in Switzerland. On the other hand, maintenance employees lying
      electric cables, pipes, etc., inside the asbestos-containing sprayed insulation,
      or workers transforming or pulling down these buildings, may be exposed to high
      asbestos fibre levels and should wear protective equipment.

PMID- 3687220
TI  - [Pollutants of indoor air--danger to health and preventive measures].
AB  - In a project of the International Energy Agency (IEA) called 'Minimum Ventilation
      Rates', factors relevant for indoor air quality are described. Based on these
      factors, recommendations to control indoor air Pollution are made.

PMID- 3687221
TI  - [Effect of ozone on physical performance capacity].
AB  - Twelve healthy women and twelve healthy men were tested on an exercise bicycle
      until exhaustion in a climate chamber at ozone levels of 0, 0.06 and 0.12 ppm.
      Under high ozone, a clear decrease of performance was seen at maximal efforts as
      well as a shift of the anaerobic threshold to somewhat lower performance values.
      These changes are probably caused by increasingly difficult breathing due to a
      reflex bronchial constriction. At high ozone concentrations, further symptoms
      were recognized: itching in throat and neck region, thirst, fatigue and itching
      eyes.

PMID- 3687222
TI  - [Night work: a choice of society?].
AB  - The methodology and first results of a research on night-work management, carried
      out by the PNR 15, are presented. We show that the effects of night-work and the
      way it is experienced by the workers, varies from one person to another, and
      mainly depend on the type of activity concerned and on work conditions. With the
      aim of prevention, we try to define risk-populations.

PMID- 3687223
TI  - [Perception of noise and work load].
AB  - An ergonomic research performed in 16 plants of various activities shows that
      47.2% of the workers are complaining on noise. We prove that the annoyance is not
      only related to the exposure level in db(A), but also to task performance and
      essentially mental load.

PMID- 3687224
TI  - [New forms of work in general practice].
AB  - A trial with job rotation between repetitive jobs failed within a year after
      initial enthusiasm among the workers. Stress may increase to an intolerable level
      with the number of tasks, with higher qualified work and due to the lack of
      familiarity with fellow workers in ever changing settings.

PMID- 3687225
TI  - [Occupational health-related organization of work in large laundry facilities].
AB  - In the ergonomic assessment of work in 14 large laundries, it is primarily
      constrained posture due to working conditions and uniform overstrain that are
      highlighted objectively. Accordingly common are complaints about back problems,
      leg pain, severe fatigue, headache and nervousness (42-70%). The added work
      difficulties most objected to include heat (rate of mention in flatwork
      operations 80%), dust, dirt, odors (in sorting operations 75%), constant standing
      and walking (in several areas of work 70-80%), too great exertion of the arms (in
      sorting and folding operations 50-67%), and noise (depending on area of work 33
      73%). On the basis of these results, attempts at resolving these problems to
      improve the organization of work in large laundries were developed. These include
      for example, an adequate capacity to adjust the working surfaces, suitable seats
      and aids for standing, installation of platforms, and further measures to reduce
      overstrain.

PMID- 3687226
TI  - [Occupational medicine insight into the problem of occupational stress in the
      construction industry].
AB  - According to the present study, in addition to the high accident rate, work in
      the building trade is characterized by intense muscle strain and constrained
      physical posture. In bricklaying, for example, a worker moves by hand up to seven
      tons of stone per shift. Consequently, various health complaints occur far more
      frequently in this occupation than in the other occupational groups, for
      instance, back complaints (71%), severe fatigue (58%), pain in the arms and hands
      (42%), headache (40%) and leg pain (34%). The most complained of factors include
      effects of the weather (74%), draft (50%), noise (55%), air pollution via dust
      (53%), skin contact with dirt and harmful substances (47%), moving heavy objects
      by hand (53%), adverse posture during work (47%), and a high risk of accidents
      (47%). Besides technical and organizational measures, the prevention of health
      impairments in employees in the building trade should be promoted by purposive
      care by works services of occupational medicine.

PMID- 3687227
TI  - [Motion studies at various industrial work sites].
AB  - A measuring system based on ultrasound was developed to measure body movement.
      Movements of cash register operators, of microscope operators and of operators
      using a magnifying glass were measured. The analysis showed different results. On
      one hand the operator found it rather difficult to use his full length of his arm
      (maximum working area) to operate the cash register and a smaller working area
      was proposed. On the other hand a rigid posture of the head and the shoulder was
      found to be typical for operators working with microscopes and magnifying
      glasses. This puts a rather high static load upon the muscular system used to
      stabilise the back and the neck.

PMID- 3687228
TI  - [Ottowa conference for health promotion--on the way to a new understanding of
      public health].

PMID- 3687229
TI  - Lung resection for bronchiectasis in children.
AB  - Twenty children with bronchiectasis underwent pulmonary resections during an 8
      year period. All patients suffered from significant symptoms that did not respond
      to medical treatment and had localised disease. In 7 patients bronchiectasis
      developed following foreign body aspiration and in two the aetiology was cystic
      fibrosis and immune deficiency, respectively. The lower lobes were most commonly
      involved. Atelectasis of the remaining ipsilateral lung was the most common
      postoperative complication occurring in four patients. One patient required
      reoperation for recurrent symptoms. Fifteen out of 18 patients who underwent
      curative resections were asymptomatic in the longterm follow-up. It is concluded
      that for children with significant symptoms due to localised bronchiectasis that
      fails to respond to medical treatment, resection of the affected lobes is
      indicated.

PMID- 3687230
TI  - [Psychological and cosmetic indications for the surgery of funnel chest].
AB  - From 1980-1983 the funnel chest of 29 patients (age range 6-40 years) was
      surgically corrected using Ravitch's method. In 25 patients clinical and cosmetic
      follow-up investigations were possible. The psychological investigation consisted
      of standardised interviews with special questions concerning the problems that
      patients with funnel chest have to deal with. In 16 cases the result of the
      operation was good, in 7 cases satisfying, 2 patients had a poor result. The
      presence of a funnel chest did have a psychological impact on most of the
      patients, who were inhibited in their psychosocial activities. Surgical
      correction changed these restrictions in most of the patients in a positive way.
      We conclude that the psychosocial indication for surgical correction of the
      funnel chest is justified, since our results strongly support this indication.

PMID- 3687231
TI  - Bezoars--analysis of seven cases.
AB  - From 1979 to 1986 seven patients were studied in whom bezoars had been diagnosed.
      The history of five patients revealed that they had eaten a fruit called prunus
      lauricerasus, grown in the east Black Sea region. This is quite different from
      persimmons which are well-known as an aetiological agent of phytobezoars.
      Trichobezoars were present in one case, and phytobezoars in five cases. In one
      case, trichophytobezoar was removed surgically from the stomach. Our five cases
      were operated on to treat small bowel obstruction. Surgery was performed in all
      our cases and prunus lauricerasus should be kept in mind as an aetiological
      factor besides persimmons.

PMID- 3687232
TI  - [Blunt kidney trauma in childhood].
AB  - In a retrospective analysis of 42 paediatric blunt renal injuries the indications
      for conservative and surgical treatment were evaluated. The type of injury
      (contusion, laceration, fragmentation, pedicle injury), associated injuries, the
      diagnostic procedures, the therapy and its results were analysed. All 18
      contusions were treated conservatively. For the 24 severe injuries there was a
      surgery rate of 66% (16/24), a renal loss rate of 16% (4/24); the other organs
      could be saved by the operation. With primarily conservative treatment we had to
      operate in one case only due to recurrent haematuria; the renal loss rate was 0%.
      The following criteria are defined as indications for surgical treatment: (1)
      deteriorating vital signs, (2) pedicle injury, (3) large devitalized renal
      segments, (4) large extravasations of contrast medium ("Page kidney").

PMID- 3687233
TI  - [Torsion of gonadal hydatids in childhood].
AB  - On the basis of 34 cases of the torsion of the appendix testis, the authors
      describe the clinical symptoms and the differential diagnosis compared with other
      cases of the acute scrotum. The diagnostic value of the "button symptom", of
      Doppler sonography, scintigraphy, as well as the indication of early surgical
      intervention is discussed.

PMID- 3687234
TI  - [Lichen sclerosis et atrophicus as a cause of acquired phimosis--circumcision as
      a preventive procedure against penis cancer?].
AB  - From January to December 1985, circumcision for acquired phimosis was performed
      at our department in 140 boys with a median age of 4 3/4 years. The histological
      examination of the prepuce revealed the existence of lichen sclerosus et
      atrophicus (LSA) in 6 cases, e.g. 4.3% of all circumcisions performed. The
      striking frequency of this chronic inflammatory epithelial change and the often
      cited connection between the existence of LSA and the development of penile
      cancer during adulthood as well as the well-known tendency towards the incidence
      of recurrent phimosis in LSA patients support the claim for total circumcision in
      these cases.

PMID- 3687236
TI  - Congenital segmental dilatation of small intestine with oesophageal atresia and
      duodenal atresia in a premature infant.
AB  - In a premature infant documented to have oesophageal atresia laparotomy revealed
      the additional findings of segmental dilatation of the small intestine as well as
      duodenal atresia, the coincidental occurrence of which is extremely rare.
      Resection of the dilated segment was performed with end-to-end one-layer
      anastomosis and side-to-side duodeno-duodenostomy and a feeding gastrostomy was
      created. Three months later end-to-end oesophago-oesophagostomy was successfully
      performed via a right thoracotomy. During the 8 years since then the child's
      growth and development have been normal.

PMID- 3687235
TI  - Facial paralysis in acute parotitis.
AB  - We report on a 12-year-old boy who developed facial paralysis secondary to acute
      parotitis. Awareness of this rare complication is emphasised. Lower motor neuron
      lesion of the facial nerve due to parotid enlargement is extremely rare in the
      absence of underlying neoplasia.

PMID- 3687237
TI  - Obstructive intramural haematoma--a rare cause of mechanical ileus in children.
AB  - The authors report on an infant of three weeks of age, suffering from mycotic
      septicaemia (Candida), in the course of which the syndrome of disseminated
      intravascular coagulation (DIC) occurred. The digestive expression of DIC was
      represented by numerous intestinal intramural haematomas, one of which was large
      enough to produce the clinical signs of mechanical ileus. The aetiology of the
      intestinal intramural haematoma is discussed and its relatively frequent
      occurrence in infants with DIC is stressed.

PMID- 3687239
TI  - [Refused psychiatric help].

PMID- 3687238
TI  - Megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome in a newborn after
      clomiphene ingestion during pregnancy.
AB  - A case of megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMIHS) in a
      newborn after clomiphene ingestion during pregnancy is described. Review of the
      literature revealed no other MMIHS associated with maternal clomiphene ingestion.

PMID- 3687240
TI  - [Anorexia nervosa and depression--a case study].
AB  - Associations between anorexia nervosa and affective disorders have often been
      suggested. A case is described of a 14-year-old girl who develops anorexia
      nervosa on the basis of major depressive disorder. After improvement of anorectic
      symptomatology during inpatient treatment depressed mood becomes present again.
      Etiologic aspects are discussed. As demonstrated by this case report patients
      with anorexia nervosa might not only exhibit depressive symptoms at follow-up,
      but also in the premorbid state during early childhood.

PMID- 3687241
TI  - [Prospects of DSM-III-R].
AB  - The paper reviews the final recommendations for changes in the DSM-III
      classification with regard to disorders usually first evident in infancy or
      childhood.

PMID- 3687242
TI  - [Development of therapeutic relations in ambulatory pediatric psychoanalytic
      therapy with a 4 1/2-year-old girl].
AB  - The initial phase of outpatient psychoanalytic child therapy with a young child
      is described to illustrate how the expansion of the child's fantasies reflects
      the development of a therapeutic relationship. A prerequisite for the development
      of such a relationship is the child's ability to allow the process to occur.
      Examples are given of how therapeutic interventions enhance this ability by
      acceptance of the child's behavior and fantasies as a meaningful representation
      of her/his problems. Such interventions are selected with reference to
      developmental problems typical for children of a given patient's age.

PMID- 3687243
TI  - [Effects of chlordiazepoxide on passive avoidance learning in Wistar-Imamichi and
      F344/Du strain rats].
AB  - The present study was designed to investigate the effects of chlordiazepoxide
      (CDP; 5 and 10 mg/kg, ip) on one-trial step-through passive avoidance learning in
      Wistar-Imamichi (W-I) and F344/Du (F) strain rats. Step-through latency and the
      time spent in safety-box were significantly longer in W-I than F rats. The number
      of animals that attained the 300-s criterion was also larger in W-I than F rats.
      Therefore, it was concluded that W-I rats showed superior performance in the
      passive avoidance task as compared to F rats. Taken together, these and the
      previous results (Iwasaki et al, 1984) that F rats acquired the active avoidance
      learning more easily than W-I rats, the differences of performance in the two
      strains would reflect differences of strain-specific response patterns in
      aversive situations, but not of learning ability. Further, CDP produced a dose
      dependent state-dependency in W-I but not in F rats. These strain differences in
      the effect of CDP were considered to derive from differences in sensitivity to
      the drug, rather than in the baseline performance level, because comparable
      strain differences in drug effect were reported in active avoidance learning.

PMID- 3687244
TI  - [Effects of psychotropic drugs by the cumulative-dosing procedure on lever-press
      and shuttle discrete avoidance responses in mice].
AB  - Effects of psychotropic drugs on lever-press and shuttle discrete avoidance
      responses were investigated by the cumulative-dosing procedure in mice. For
      cumulative determination, doses of drugs were given 3 times every 1 h within the
      same session. As a control, the intermittent-dosing procedure in which a single
      dose was given twice a week was also tested. Cumulative-dosing of chlorpromazine,
      haloperidol, tetrabenazine, diazepam, and pentobarbital all produced dose
      dependent suppression in lever-press and shuttle avoidance responses. Each
      cumulative dose-effect curve for chlorpromazine and haloperidol in both avoidance
      responses, and for tetrabenazine and diazepam in lever-press avoidance response
      was almost identical with that obtained by the intermittent dosing. The
      cumulative effects of tetrabenazine in shuttle avoidance response and
      pentobarbital in both avoidance responses were weak. In contrast, diazepam
      suppressed shuttle avoidance response in the cumulative dosing, but not in the
      intermittent dosing. Cumulative dosing of methamphetamine and morphine increased
      response rates without marked changes in avoidance rates in the shuttle avoidance
      response. Cumulative dosing of methamphetamine was less effective than the
      intermittent dosing. In contrast, the cumulative dose-effect curve for morphine
      was almost identical with that obtained by the intermittent dosing. The present
      results indicate that the cumulative-dosing procedure may be applicable to the
      drug evaluation in lever-press and shuttle avoidance responses.

PMID- 3687245
TI  - Pharmacological characterization of alcohol and barbital physical dependence in
      mice.
AB  - To confirm our previous finding that the underlying mechanism for the development
      of physical dependence on alcohol and barbital are fundamentally different from
      each other, further studies on the effect of drugs that modify neurotransmission
      on the alcohol and barbital withdrawal signs were carried out in alcohol and
      barbital dependent mice. Phentolamine, propranolol and methysergide exacerbated
      the alcohol withdrawal signs but suppressed the barbital withdrawal signs
      indicating the qualitative difference of the underlying mechanism. Some
      quantitative differences were also found in the effect of clonidine, prazosin,
      yohimbine, muscimol and bicuculline. On the other hand, metoprolol, atropine and
      scopolamine did not affect the withdrawal signs developed in the alcohol and
      barbital dependent animals at the dose employed in the present experiment. These
      results indicate that the withdrawal signs that appear in alcohol and barbital
      dependent animals are the manifestation of functional abnormalities of the
      nervous system, and alcohol and barbital dependence rely on different mechanisms
      for their production.

PMID- 3687246
TI  - [Injuries of the large arteries of the brain and vital reactions. An electron
      microscopy study].
AB  - In 90 forensic autopsies (Craniocerebral injury, gunshot, stabbing, blow,
      strangulation, etc.), semithin sections of great arteries were prepared from
      around 770 Epon blocks and checked for vital reactions at the mural and intimal
      ruptures. In 21 cases in which death had occurred immediately or soon after the
      trauma, with three exceptions, there was a subsequent electron microscopic
      investigation. In all six mural ruptures and in five of ten intimal ruptures,
      thrombocyte aggregates were found at the rupture margins. In five intimal
      ruptures, the possibility of the occurrence of preparations injuries had to be
      considered. In five cases, the results of the histological study were negative.
      The success rate is limited in principle in such a screening test since there are
      technical difficulties in preparing serial sections on long vessels. Death was
      rapid and the thrombocytes were observed to adhere to the injured wall sites
      immediately after the trauma. The "thrombocyte sign" is thus of substantial
      importance as the earliest local vital reaction. In two control cases
      (strangulation), thrombocyte aggregates were found at intimal ruptures of the
      basilar artery, which were regarded as the results of stretching via the
      vertebral arteries during attacks to the neck. The healing processes of intimal
      ruptures and traumatic medial necrosis in incomplete ruptures occurring later in
      life are discussed. Even if a cadaver is a few days old, the histological
      findings at the level of the thrombocytes can be evaluated.

PMID- 3687247
TI  - [Local vital reaction following injuries of the neck].
AB  - Sixty-one cases of hemorrhaging of the laryngeal muscles are reported among 86
      deaths due to compression of the neck (strangulation by ligature and/or with the
      hands, blunt force); the results of histological examinations of these cases
      (laryngeal muscles; hemorrhaging of the cervical muscles and tongue in numerous
      cases) are discussed, as well as 55 comparative cases (natural, violent death)
      with regard to vital changes from the hemorrhaging aspect. Although sanguineous
      infiltration of the laryngeal muscles can occur after death (prone position), it
      differs macroscopically and in some cases also microscopically from the vital
      type: extensive bleeding on the inside of the larynx or dorsally above the larynx
      (PCA muscle), possible combined with histologically detectable ruptures of muscle
      cells, must be viewed as the result of laryngeal compression suffered when still
      alive. No clear-cut evidence of emigration or infiltration of leukocytes was
      found in the cases of immediately fatal strangulation, but there was occasional
      evidence (6 cases) when protracted maltreatment had taken place. Although there
      was no clear correlation with age, sex, type of impact, cause of death, or amount
      of laryngeal bleeding, in 25 of the 61 cases leukocytes were sometimes detectable
      in enormous amounts within the extravasation; the ratio exceeded that to be
      expected from the composition of the blood. Findings of this nature have also
      been made in cases of vital bleeding in other violent or natural deaths; they are
      not a cell reaction in the proper sense but, when distinctly marked, a vital
      event--at least in the laryngeal region. These findings can support the
      assumption of the amount of hemorrhaging in deaths in which the survival time was
      inadequate for a leukocyte emigration. In 20 cases such findings were combined
      with localized leucocytosis, which is regarded as an early vital reaction.

PMID- 3687249
TI  - [Latent prostatic cancer].
AB  - Systematic histological investigations concerning the latent carcinoma of the
      prostate gland were performed on macrosections by means of the serial section
      technique in 450 males between 40 and older than 80 years. The frequency was
      29.6% with age-related increase of frequency. Unequivocally dominated uniform
      highly differentiated adenocarcinomas. An infiltration of the capsule was found
      in 65.4% and an infiltration of the perineural sheath in 42.8% of the cases,
      preferring the pluriform types of carcinomas. Hyperplastic lesions of the
      prostate gland with cellular atypias could be made evident in the latent
      carcinoma of the uniform type in 74% and in the pluriform type in 91.9% of the
      cases. The results emphasize the requirement of a careful and comprehensive
      investigation of the TUR-material by the pathologist, on the other hand they
      support the opinion of the occurrence of various types of carcinoma of the
      prostate gland with different morphogenesis and prognosis.

PMID- 3687248
TI  - [Air embolism following arthroscopy--autopsy findings and forensic medicine
      aspects].
AB  - An iatrogenic cause of air embolism with a fatal outcome is reported that
      occurred in a case in which arthroscopy of the knee had been carried out. Even
      after worldwide use of arthroscopy for many years, this complication has never
      been seen until now. At autopsy, when air bubbles were observed in the right
      heart chamber and in the vena cava inferior, only the knee joint was taken into
      consideration as the air-access route. The access of air was detected by means of
      arthroscopy on the corpse, combined with a special autopsy technique and shown
      experimentally. Insufflated air had entered via a fracture of the tibial
      articular surface and then passed through the spongiosa into the femoral vein.
      These findings are of far-reaching clinical consequence because the indication
      for arthroscopy by gas insufflation must be reconsidered again. Finally, the
      medicolegal aspects of such an incident are discussed.

PMID- 3687250
TI  - [Primary carcinomas of the scrotum--5 cases].
AB  - Etiology, diagnostic difficulties and clinical feature of the scrotal carcinomata
      are described. In the course of 10 years 5 cases were observed. The patients at
      stage T3N2M0-1 survived still 4 to 8 months after operation, while the patients
      at stage T1 are all still alive. The significance of the early diagnosis is
      emphasized, in order to prolong the survival time.

PMID- 3687251
TI  - [Cortico-renal oxygen pressures in acute venous renal obstruction].
AB  - In a pilot study experiments on animals were done to follow oxygen pressure
      fields on the kidney surface during different degrees of cavorenal obstruction.
      Acute, complete blockade of one hour duration at the side of the suprarenal vena
      cava (group I), of the supra- and infra-renal vena cava (group II), of the left
      renal vein close to the vena cava (group III) and of the left renal vein close to
      the kidney (group IV) show gradually increasing disturbances of corticorenal
      oxygen supply and its postobstructive recovery. How far these changes correlate
      with the intra-renal circulation has to be clarified by simultaneous
      measurements.

PMID- 3687252
TI  - [Urolithiasis in pediatrics: analysis of 34 patients].
AB  - The increasing incidence of urolithiasis makes it important to report about 34
      children with urolithiasis seen between 1976 and 1986 at the Department of
      Pediatrics, University Medical School Vienna. At the time of the first diagnosis
      59 percent of the patients were less than 7 years of age; 62 percent of our
      patients were males. Recurrent chronic urinary tract infection in 32 percent,
      metabolic disorder (secondary hyperoxaluria 5, idiopathic hypercalciuria 3,
      cystinuria 2, hyperuricuria 2) in 27 percent were evaluated; in 13 patients the
      origin of calculi was idiopathic. Most infectious stones contained magnesium
      ammonium phosphate, most idiopathic stones calcium oxalate. In 21 patients (62%)
      surgical treatment, in one patient extracorporal shock wave lithotripsie was
      realized. Adequate metaphylaxis (general, dietetic, medicementous) can lower the
      rate of occurrence of stone formation.

PMID- 3687253
TI  - [Open revision following unsuccessful litholapaxy].
AB  - 125 patients suffering from nephrolithiasis were treated by means of percutaneous
      lithotomy. 10/125 (8%) patients had to undergo open surgery in case of
      intraoperative complications. This complications and the consecutive surgical
      interventions are pointed out in detail.

PMID- 3687254
TI  - [Effect of magnetic water on urinary calculi--an experimental and clinical
      study].
AB  - In recent years, many hospitals in China have employed magnetized water in the
      treatment of urolithiasis with quite satisfactory results. Since 1979, we have
      carried out the following basic researches: (1) We compared the effectiveness of
      several different types of apparatus producing magnetized water and found that
      the best type was the Shanghai JW-1 mode apparatus with 1,350 gauss and to-and
      fro magnetizing for 12 times. (2) We had tested the solubility of oxalate, uric
      acid and phosphate urolith both in ordinary and in magnetized water and found
      that phosphate urolith had better solubility in the latter. (3) The physical and
      chemical characteristics of magnetized water were studied, and the calcium
      crystals were found to be also soluble in it. (4) Experiments on fishes living in
      magnetized water showed that in their kidneys the amount of calcium crystals and
      tissue calcium level were lower than those in ordinary water. The basic theory of
      treatment of urolithiasis with magnetized water is discussed.

PMID- 3687255
TI  - [Long-term results of small intestine interpositionplasty].
AB  - The results of interposition plastic operations of the small intestine are
      presented which were performed in 8 patients. The control period comprises 4 to
      23 years. The relatively complicationless postoperative course confirms an
      efficient technique, by means of which the functionless ureter may be bridged
      over. The function of the kidneys remains compensated and this the technique
      fulfils the main criterion of an operative technique conserving the organ.

PMID- 3687256
TI  - [Rare foreign body fistulas of the female bladder].
AB  - Fistulae between kidney and vagina caused by foreign bodies are very rare
      nowadays. Two casuistics illustrate the curious anamnesis of such patients: in an
      18-year-old girl a foreign body inserted during masturbation led to a
      perforation, in the case of a 66-year-old woman a pessary which had been
      forgotten since 35 years penetrated into the urinary bladder.

PMID- 3687257
TI  - [Obstructive jaundice and bilirubin level].
AB  - A brief comparative description of normal and pathological bilirubin levels is
      followed in this paper by an account of findings recorded from 301 patients with
      obstructive jaundice. Particular reference is made to laws underlying
      preoperative rise, in the form of a logistic function, and postoperative decline
      of bilirubin, in the form of an exponential function. Average half-life, t/2,
      amounted to 7.5 days after successful surgery. Half-life was found to be affected
      by preoperative albumin levels but not by duration of obstructive jaundice,
      primary disease, surgical technique or other parameters.

PMID- 3687258
TI  - [Quality assurance in surgery: possibilities and limits].
AB  - Quality control in surgery is undertaken to check on effects of preoperative
      risk, choice of surgical technique, use of surgical technique, and peri-operative
      therapy on the results of an operation. Attention is given, in this context, not
      only to complications but also to postoperative quality of life and prognosis,
      with efforts being made to quantify these latter aspects. Useful information can
      be obtained only by neutral data collection undertaken independent of the
      surgeons involved.

PMID- 3687259
TI  - [Indications and prognosis of preventive and simultaneous operations of the
      abdominal cavity].
AB  - The potential risk implied in prophylactic operations is just as high as that
      elective interventions. Indications must be subject to stringent deliminating
      criteria. Required are thorough elucidation and documentation as well as
      comprehensive substantiation. Operations of that kind may be performed even
      without elaborate advance planning, if indications are urgent. Simultaneous
      operations are accompanied by higher risk in cases of major surgery or if one of
      the interventions is septic. High risk factors were recordable from combined
      stomach and bile duct surgery, when performed simultaneously. Morbidity amounted
      to 13 per cent (pulmonary embolism and pneumonia) and lethality to 15 per cent.
      Simultaneous operations should be performed by an experienced surgeon who should
      be a fast worker.

PMID- 3687260
TI  - [Pneumopericardium as a surgical complication of selective proximal vagotomy].

PMID- 3687261
TI  - [Risk factors for morbidity and mortality in resection of cancer of the cardia].
AB  - Operations were performed on 166 patients for adenocarcinoma of the cardia,
      between 1970 and 1986, with resections being applied to 102 of them (6.1 per
      cent), including 87 curative approaches with complete removal of tumours and no
      macroscopic evidence of metastases. Total gastrectomy with oesophagectomy was
      performed on 36 patients and proximal oesophagogastrectomy on 66, in 43 of these
      via left thoracic incision. Regional lymph nodes were free of tumour in 29
      patients (28 per cent). The other approaches to proximal resection were
      thoracoabdominal in eight cases, abdominal in 13, and transmediastinal in two.
      Leakage of oesophageal anastomosis occurred in 19 cases and was followed by
      septicaemia and death in 13. Overall mortality during hospitalisation amounted to
      22.5 per cent, including two patients who died on the 30th postoperative day as a
      result of dehiscence and septicaemia. Mortality figures were 17 per cent
      following total gastrectomy and 19 per cent in the wake of proximal gastrectomy
      by thoracic incision. Mortality amounted to 48 per cent in the 23 cases on which
      abdominal, thoraco-abdominal, and transmediastinal operations had been performed.
      Multiple logistic regression was used to determine age, ECG, spread of lymph
      nodes, and surgical techniques as potential risk factors. Emphasis in the context
      of surgical techniques was laid on proximal versus total gastrectomy, incision on
      both sides of the diaphragm, palliative resection, and anastomotic suturing
      (using one-layer or two-layer techniques or mechanical staples). Tumour spread to
      lymph nodes and proximal resection were the only independent variables associated
      with dehiscence. Electrocardiogram (ECG), lymph node involvement, and palliative
      resection proved to be of relevance to prognostication of lethality. No
      statistical correlations were found to exist between lethality, on the one hand,
      and surgical approach, age of patient, incision on either side of the diaphragm
      or suturing, on the other. The conclusion was drawn that in cases of cardia
      carcinoma total gastrectomy does not aggravate the risk of lethality, as compared
      to cardia resection.

PMID- 3687262
TI  - [Quality of life following gastrectomy--a comparison of Longmire and Roux stomach
      replacement methods].
AB  - Randomised comparison was applied to 27 patients to check Roux' against
      Longmire's repair methods, following total gastrectomy. No evidence was produced
      in twelve postoperative months to any difference between both surgical
      techniques. No major differences were found either with regard to body weight and
      general condition by index measurements according to Karnofsky and Spitzer.

PMID- 3687263
TI  - [In vitro hormone tests in human breast cancers and their relevance for therapy
      of metastasizing breast cancer].
AB  - In vitro tests applied to cell cultures of metastasised mammary carcinomas
      revealed high hormonal independence versus testosterone and/or oestradiol,
      prednisone, progesterone, and prolactin, and in some cases tumour growth was even
      stimulated by those hormones. Hormonal therapy on the basis of the in vitro
      parameters was applied to 62 patients with metastatic mammary carcinoma. In vitro
      findings were closely correlated to in vivo results.

PMID- 3687264
TI  - [Radiochemotherapy of inoperable esophageal cancer with 5-FU infusions].
AB  - A combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy was applied to 13 patients for non
      operable oesophageal carcinoma. Included in the twelve-week treatment were
      radiation doses between 43 and 60 Gy and five FU infusions. Only six patients
      responded at all to the therapy. Eleven patients died of progressing tumour
      growth, within two to nine months from diagnosis. One committed suicide with
      evidence of progressing deterioration. Only one has so far survided without
      recurrence for 36 months. The study was discontinued for the poor results
      recorded from those 13 patients. Different cytostatic combinations may, perhaps,
      yield better results.

PMID- 3687265
TI  - [Obstructive jaundice caused by a carcinoid tumor of the hepatocholedochal duct].

PMID- 3687266
TI  - [Connective tissue framework of the greater omentum].
AB  - Tissue samples of the greater omentum were intraoperatively collected from 17
      patients on whom laparotomy was performed for different indications. The
      connective tissue framework of the unstained omentum was investigated, using a
      stereomicroscope. Histological sections were prepared from large saw-cuts of the
      plastinated omentum. The greater omentum of man was found to possess a connective
      tissue framework with blood and lymphatic vessels and was also found to be
      embedded in adipose tissue. The latter is made up of fatty organs differentiated
      in size. Round to oval organs are formed by fat cells. These organs are
      delimitated from their environment by a tender connective tissue capsule and are
      connected, through a pedunculated structure, to a vascular cord of the connective
      tissue framework. Connective tissue fibres radiate from the framework into the
      capsule which is made up of a submesothelial connective tissue layer and the
      mesothelium. The peduncle of a fatty organ consists of connective tissue as well
      as of supplying blood and lymphatic vessels. Fatty organs surrounded by
      connective tissue fibres were visualised even in highly adipose regions by means
      of plastinated saw-cuts of the greater omentum.

PMID- 3687267
TI  - [The stomach after surgery--on the incidence of pathologic changes from the
      endoscopic viewpoint].
AB  - The incidence of pathological changes in the wake of stomach surgery amounted to
      483 of 550 patients who were endoscopically examined at the Outpatient Department
      of Surgery attached to the Medical Academy of Erfurt, between January 1st, 1975
      and December 31st, 1985. These were 87.8 per cent. Similar findings were recorded
      from 67 vagotomised patients (12.2 per cent). These 550 cases represented 6.7 per
      cent of 8,155 patients whose upper digestive tract had been endoscopically
      examined throughout the above period of time. The first endoscopic check was
      applied to 49.9 per cent only five or more years, following surgery and to 44.8
      per cent within two years from surgery. Pain was recorded as the major symptom
      and indication for the follow-up checks from 75 per cent of these patients.
      Pathological changes were endoscopico-macroscopically detectable from 75 per cent
      of the probands. Ulcers were observed in 20 per cent. Inflammatory changes
      accounted for 40 per cent in both groups. Tumours were established in ten per
      cent. Macroscopic findings were histologically verified in 208 cases (37.8 per
      cent), among them 41.2 per cent after stomach resection and 13.2 per cent
      following vagotomy. Suspicious diagnoses of inflammation was thus positively
      verified in 93.4 per cent of all cases and those of malignant tumours in 39 of 47
      cases. Inflammatory processes were histologically detected in 31 cases in which
      it had been neither assumed nor formulated. In eight histologically established
      tumour cases that diagnosis had not been macroscopically made (inflammations in
      seven cases and no contributory findings in one). Macroscopic findings recorded
      from the above selected group of patients proved to be reliable for tumours in 85
      per cent of all cases and for gastritis in 93 per cent. Endoscopic follow-up
      diagnosis should begin within the first year from stomach surgery and should be
      persistently continued on the basis of a systematic extended medical care
      programme. All the above findings were gained on the basis of high-continuity
      computer-adjusted data collection and evaluation.

PMID- 3687269
TI  - [Assessment of mesenteric anesthesia in abdominal interventions].
AB  - This study had been undertaken for the purpose of assessment of mesenteric
      anaesthesia and its effects on cardiovascular changes during abdominal surgery
      performed under general anaesthesia (neuroleptanaesthesia). Investigations were
      applied to 50 patients gastrectomized for gastric ulcer (Billroth II). The
      patients were subdivided into two comparable groups, with 25 in each of them.
      Group I had been without mesenteric anaesthesia and Group II with mesenteric
      anaesthesia according to Finsterer. Average arterial blood pressure, cardiac
      output, and heart rate were measured prior to anaesthesia and intraoperatively.
      General anaesthesia, according to our results, led to statistically significant
      decline of cardiac output (p less than 0.001). Continuous drop in cardiac output
      was caused also by surgical manipulations in the abdominal cavity of patients
      without mesenteric anaesthesia. However, mesenteric anaesthesia according to
      Finsterer resulted in significant rise (p less than 0.001) of cardiac output, as
      compared to preoperative values. Hence, if undesired circulatory responses are to
      be avoided in abdominal surgery, mesenteric anaesthesia appears to be just as
      important as a careful surgical technique which should be tissue-sawing.

PMID- 3687268
TI  - Experience with the endoscopic test for completeness of vagotomy. Results of
      application in two medical centers.
AB  - The need for a practicable and reliable test for completeness of vagotomy has
      been previously recognized. Until recently, all of the tests for completeness of
      vagotomy required cumbersome or delicate equipment or had deficiencies which
      prevented routine use. Recently we have modified the endoscopic Congo red test
      (ECRT) to allow more rapid and accurate performance; furthermore, we have found
      that the routine use of this test has affected the performance of proximal
      gastric vagotomy in our medical centers. At this time, we report the application
      of the ECRT in 41 patients at two medical centers, including patients from the
      University of Illinois at Chicago and the University of Marburg. The SIMPLIFIED
      ECRT, which is completed in less than five minutes, avoids the 15-20 minute delay
      required with other tests for complete vagotomy; it is the only test for complete
      vagotomy which can be performed intra- and postoperatively. To our knowledge, the
      test has not been performed previously in Europe. The similarity of results
      following ECRT in both settings reinforces our view that intraoperative testing
      affects the performance of vagotomy, and is useful in teaching aspects of
      operative vagotomy. The endoscopic test appears to be the test of choice for
      determining completeness of vagotomy.

PMID- 3687270
TI  - [Internal intubation of the small intestine for preventing ileus in peritonitis
      and recurrent adhesions].
AB  - Preventive intestinal intubation for ileus prophylaxis in cases of diffuse
      peritonitis and extended adhesion ileus had often been discredited for the
      technically demanding and thus time-consuming technique involved. Yet, tube
      related complications in the context of tube insertion or removal can be
      minimised by the experienced surgeon who stringently observes a number of
      precautions and provided that the indication had been accurate. Fifty-three
      intestinal intubations on 49 patients were accompanied by three iatrogenic
      perforations intraoperatively and by four instances of postoperative fistulation
      of the small intestine which, however, were all properly controlled by suturing
      or conservative action. Ileus recurred in three patients because of too early
      tube removal and due to progressive peritonitis against the background of
      inadequately cured primary disease and due to peritoneal mesothelioma in one
      case. Periods of intestinal intubation ranged from six to 14 days. Postoperative
      lethality was relatively high (30.6 per cent) and had been exclusively caused by
      progressive sepsis or cardiopulmonary insufficiency. It amounted to 50 per cent
      of all cases of diffuse peritonitis and only to 4.7 per cent of patients with
      recurrent adhesion ileus.

PMID- 3687272
TI  - [Cathepsin D activity in the blood serum of patients in labor and in the serum of
      extraplacental and neonatal blood].
AB  - Cathepsin D in serum of women in labour, retroplacental blood and newborn's blood
      degradate hemoglobine denatured with urea and the serum protein most intensively
      in pH 3,5. The denatured protein is more liable to cathepsin D activity than the
      serum protein. Cathepsin D of the retroplacental blood serum shows the highest
      activity, the activity in the blood serum of women in labour is lower and it is
      the lowest in the newborn's blood.

PMID- 3687271
TI  - [Experiences in small intestine intubation in pediatric surgery].
AB  - An account is given in this paper of intestinal intubation, the most promising
      approach at present to postoperative ileus. Reference is made to causes and to
      preventive methods used in the past. Classical techniques and their variants are
      described, with peculiarities being mentioned together with possible
      complications. Positive results have enlarged the list of intraabdominal diseases
      in which cases intubation should be justified. Fifteen children died out of 55
      with intestinal intubation. However, those deaths could not be attributed to
      intubation, since no ileus was recordable on post-mortem from any of these cases.
      They were rather attribute to pre-existence of general damage or to postoperative
      complications which had unfavourable effects primarily on prematurely born
      children, newborns, and infants up to one month of age. Hence, intestinal
      intubation may be considered to be the most effective and least risky approach to
      the control of mechanical or combined paralytico-mechanical ileus.

PMID- 3687273
TI  - [Rheologic studies in intrauterine retardation and pregnancy-induced
      hypertension].
AB  - Hemorheological investigations were done in 23 pregnant women with intrauterine
      growth retardation, 23 patients with pregnancy induced hypertension and 21
      healthy pregnant women, of whom 10 regularly smoked. The rigidity of red cells
      was disturbed and the hematocrit was elevated by smoking. The same disturbances
      could be observed in women with intrauterine growth retardation. In addition, the
      erythrocyte aggregation was significantly elevated in patients with hypotrophic
      newborns at term. Pregnancy induced hypertension was associated with disturbances
      in all rheological parameters. Placental perfusion was significantly prolonged in
      all pathologic pregnancies.

PMID- 3687274
TI  - [Urethral injury in surgery for urinary incontinence].
AB  - In this paper we demonstrate a case history of a 26 year old woman with an
      urethral injury. Primarily she suffered from urinary incontinence. Colporrhaphia
      anterior and vesicopexia sec. BALL were performed. Urethral injury occurred after
      this operation while postoperative catheterization was performed. Diagnostic and
      therapeutic management of this complication are reported. Pre- and postoperative
      urodynamical and urethrocystographical details are described, too.

PMID- 3687275
TI  - [Obstetrical urogenital fistulas then and now].
AB  - An analysis was made of the aetiology and localisation of 83 obstetric urogenital
      fistulae, in 15-year intervals, which had been treated at the Gynecological
      Hospital of Charite over the past 45 years, with the view to finding out, if
      obstetrics continues to play a causative role in fistulation. With overall
      figures having stayed nearly constant (31, 25 and 27 fistulae), an increase has
      been primarily recordable from causes relating to caesarean section and from
      fistula localisations in the vesico-uterine region. Obstetric causes accounted
      for 10 per cent and gynaecological causes for 90 per cent of 808 urogenital
      fistulae throughout the entire period under review. Hence, at least surgical
      obstetrics should not even today be underestimated as a cause of fistulation.
      These findings have given rise to considerations of strategy and to conclusions
      regarding prophylaxis against fistulation with particular reference to caesarean
      section.

PMID- 3687276
TI  - [Double uterus malformation with unilateral kidney agenesis].
AB  - When double uterus is observed, absence of one kidney is common. These rare
      congenital anomalies are known in literature. In the years 1980-1984 we observed
      four cases. Symptoms, diagnosis and therapy are described. Preoperative diagnosis
      is now much better by ultrasonography. Nevertheless operative procedure has to be
      adapted to the real anatomic situation at first within the intervention. In one
      case a second operation was necessary because of a recurrence. This case is
      described in detail.

PMID- 3687277
TI  - [Is iatrogenic femoral nerve paralysis avoidable in vaginal operations?].
AB  - A decrease of damages to the femoral nerve could be proved clinically, and for a
      small group electromyographically too, after using leg supports in vaginal
      surgery. The general use of adjustable legholders is recommended for exact
      positioning of legs with a flexion angle of 45 degree or more and an abduction
      angle of 45 degree maximally.

PMID- 3687278
TI  - [Elimination of caffeine and metamizole in the menstrual cycle of the fertile
      female].
AB  - The elimination of caffeine from serum and that of the main metabolites of
      metamizol in serum were investigated in 9 healthy women on days 1, 8, 14 and 21
      of the menstrual cycle. In the luteal phase, when the progesterone level is
      highest and the estradiol concentration is high as well, the elimination of
      caffeine is about 25% longer than in the follicular phase. In contrast to
      caffeine, the metabolism of metamizol is slightly accelerated if the endogenous
      hormone level is high. The present results suggest that endogenous hormones have
      different effects on biotransformation activities. These results are without
      practical consequences yet.

PMID- 3687279
TI  - [The sperm swelling test--a new andrologic method].
AB  - 104 semen specimen from 15 donors of the AID-program with proven fertility were
      investigated and the hypoosmotic swelling test -HOS-test (Jeyendran et. al.) was
      carried out. The results of this test had been compared with the sperm motility
      and the sperm motile efficiency (Ishii et. al.). All donors showed a high rate of
      test-positive sperms for these three methods. The HOS-test had a lower scattering
      and a higher individual specificity than the other methods.

PMID- 3687280
TI  - [New organizational forms of basic prenatal care. Report of experiences following
      5-year use].
AB  - A new form of antenatal care, introduced in 1981, is reported. It is based on a
      division of labour between doctor and midwife and demands an increasing number of
      consultations, vaginal control of the cervix in the period of advanced danger of
      premature delivery and includes a short psycho-prophylactic programme. The
      results reached from 1981 up to 1985 are reported and the essential points of the
      new system of antenatal care have been discussed.

PMID- 3687281
TI  - [Congenital total AV block in the direct fetal electrocardiogram].
AB  - The congenital total av-block in the fetal electrocardiogram is a rare condition
      with a frequency of 1:20 000. The reason are heart failure and umbilical cord
      complications, but probably immunological reactions may be the source of a part
      of these blocks. In the sera of mothers, which have born children with a
      congenital total av-block, antibodies of IgG-class would be found, for instance
      anti-Ro (SS-A) and anti-La (SS-B). These mothers had or developed a connective
      tissue disease (Sjogren's syndrome or Lupus erythematosus). This means a new
      behavior for the obstetrician detecting pre- or intranatally a total av-block. A
      own case will be demonstrated together with a differential diagnostical example
      of interference dissoziation.

PMID- 3687282
TI  - [Peculiarities of labor in the apallic syndrome].
AB  - Pregnancy and delivery in neuropsychiatrically ill patients demand a special and
      individual procedure of Obstetrician. There ist reported about particularities in
      management of delivery a seventeen-year-old primipara, who catched a bad
      necritizing encephalomeningitis and a following rare apallic syndrome after 37
      weeks of pregnancy. Beside bad disturbance of consciousness the missing
      registration of labour pains was striking above all. After a very short duration
      of delivery process there was an easy outsliding of the child from the complete
      relaxed birth canal. Pains as a cortical phenomenon depends on functionary
      condition of higher nervous centres and therefore it is subject of psychic
      control. In recent literature there were no sufficient clues to, that pregnancy
      and delivery are unfavourably influenced by encephalitic infection. Therefore we
      considered right an individual procedure of spontaneous management of delivery
      and worth to inform about the associated peculiarities.

PMID- 3687283
TI  - [Pathologic torsion of the pregnant uterus. Case report].
AB  - A case of pathologic torsion of the pregnant uterus in the 35th gestational week
      has been reported and compared with literature. Aetiology, pathogenesis,
      diagnosis, treatment and perinatal mortality of this rare condition have been
      discussed.

PMID- 3687284
TI  - [Quintuplets in Lommatzsch--a historical contribution on multiple birth
      research].
AB  - Quintuplets were born in the little town of Lommatzsch near Meissen and Dresden,
      Saxony, on June 25, 1688. This birth of quintuplets, though not yet considered by
      medical literature, is historically authentic. Evidences of this exceptional
      event are notations in the birth and death registers of the town parish church in
      Lommatzsch, a letter reporting on the "unusual event" to the elector Johann Georg
      III (1600-1691) and the so-called five-children gravestone. On the basis of these
      Lommatzsch quintuplets, the author deals with interesting aspects of social life
      and medicine within the living conditions in a small town around the turn from
      the 17th to the 18th century.- Other historical multiplets are referred.

PMID- 3687285
TI  - Antigenic characterization of twenty stress rabies virus strains isolated in
      Italy using monoclonal antibodies.

PMID- 3687286
TI  - [Importation of the dog filariae Dirofilaria immitis and Dipetalonema reconditum
      into Austria].

PMID- 3687287
TI  - [The effect of the paramunity inducer PIND-ORF on the elimination of coccidial
      oocysts from normal and immunosuppressed carrier pigeons (Columba livia Gmel.,
      1789, var. dom.)].

PMID- 3687288
TI  - [Trial of benzotriazepines and quinazolines obtained by synthesis on bacterial
      populations].

PMID- 3687289
TI  - Skin lesions of sweet itch and the distribution of dermal mast cells in the
      horse.

PMID- 3687290
TI  - Trypanosoma theileri Laveran, 1902, in naturally and experimentally infected
      cattle: parasite isolation, serological and cellular reactions and Berenil
      sensitivity.

PMID- 3687291
TI  - Disseminated mycobacteriosis in the golden hamster.

PMID- 3687292
TI  - [Minimal requirements for monoclonal antibodies for clinical purposes].

PMID- 3687293
TI  - [Staphylococci in the skin microbiocenosis of the breasts in pregnant women].
AB  - The microflora of the mammary glands in the area of the nipple, the areola and
      the adjacent skin was studied by the methods of washings and impression. 120
      nonpregnant women and 164 pregnant women were examined. The pregnant women showed
      a higher level of the contamination of the above-mentioned sites. The highest
      density of bacterial population was detected in the area of the nipple and the
      lowest density, on the skin surrounding the areola. Coagulase-negative
      staphylococci proved to be the most numerous organisms among all bacterial
      population found on the skin of the mammary glands of pregnant women. Of these
      staphylococci, S. epidermidis was most frequently isolated, its isolation rate
      being higher in the pregnant women than in the nonpregnant ones.

PMID- 3687294
TI  - [Specific prevention of diphtheria in adults in foci of this infection].
AB  - The studies demonstrated the immunological and epidemiological effectiveness of a
      single injection of adsorbed diphtheria-tetanus toxoid with reduced antigen
      content for adults: intense antidiphtheria immunity in 92.3% of the vaccinees 1-3
      months and in 94.5% of the vaccinees 1 year after the injection. This immunity
      remained sufficiently intense for 3 years (the term of observation). The
      geometric mean of antitoxic titers was 0.84 I. U./ml. The highest intensity of
      immunity appearing after the injection was observed in persons aged 18-20 years
      who showed the highest antitoxic titers (exceeding 0.5 I. U./ml) in 100% of
      cases, the lowest intensity was registered in the age group of 30-39 years; in
      14.2% of these vaccinees antitoxic titers were below the protective level. In
      other age groups (40-49 years, 50 years and over) the intensity of immunity was
      high. The geometric mean of the titers of diphtheria antitoxin were 1.2 I. U./ml
      and 2.1 I. U./ml respectively. In none of the foci under study the spread of the
      manifest forms of the disease was observed.

PMID- 3687295
TI  - [Isolation of split and whole-virion tick-borne encephalitis vaccines in an
      experiment and the characteristics of their immunogenic and antigenic
      properties].
AB  - The split preparation, obtained by the treatment of purified and concentrated
      tick-borne encephalitis virus with 0.5% Tween-80 and ether and inactivated with
      formalin at a minimal concentration of 1:10,000, did not contain the active
      virus. After the removal of the detergent, the preparation retained its antigenic
      and immunogenic properties.

PMID- 3687296
TI  - [Detection of diphtheria toxin and its degradation products by using immunoenzyme
      analysis].
AB  - An enzyme immunoassay system for the detection of diphtheria toxin and the
      products of its degradation has been developed on the basis of the enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay. To sensitize the assay plates, bivalent F(ab)2-fragments of
      purified antidiphtheria antibodies at a concentration of 10.0 micrograms/ml,
      obtained from the blood serum of hyperimmunized rabbits, have been used. Specific
      conjugates have been prepared with the use of F(ab)2-fragments of purified
      antidiphtheria antibodies obtained from the blood serum of hyperimmunized horses.
      The optimum time and temperature conditions of the assay have been established.
      The new enzyme immunoassay system permits the detection of diphtheria toxin and
      the products of its degradation in biological substrates at a concentration of
      10.0-5.0 ng/ml.

PMID- 3687297
TI  - [Use of isoelectric focusing for assessing the composition of pollen allergens].
AB  - The preparations of allergens and allergoids obtained from ragweed, timothy and
      wormwood pollen, as well as the preparations of allergens from birch and orchard
      grass pollen differing in the method of their production, have been studied with
      the use of analytical isoelectric focusing in a thin gel layer. The composition
      of the preparations of allergoids differs from that of the allergenic
      preparations from the pollen of the same plant species by the decreased content
      of protein components detected in this investigation. The main proteins contained
      in the preparations of allergoids are distributed in the zone of pH 3.5-4.5.
      Differences in the composition of different batches of the same allergens,
      manifested by variations in some protein bands or by their absence, have been
      noted. Protein components with the isoelectric point in the alkaline zone have
      been detected only in the preparations of ragweed pollen allergens.

PMID- 3687298
TI  - [Immunological indices of patients with ragweed pollinosis].
AB  - A comparative study of local and humoral immunity in patients with increased
      sensitivity to ragweed pollen and in healthy persons has been carried out. In
      untreated patients a six-fold increase of the levels of total IgE and specific
      anti-ragweed IgE-antibodies in the blood sera and secretions has been registered,
      which corresponds to the 3rd and 4th grade reaction in the enzyme immunoassay;
      simultaneously, a decrease in the characteristics of immune responsiveness has
      been observed. As the levels of total IgE and specific IgE-antibodies are of
      particular diagnostic value in immediate-type allergic diseases, the authors have
      examined the patients with ragweed pollenosis at the periods of the absence of
      clinical manifestations and in the exacerbation of the disease during blossoming
      with pollen formation. During exacerbation the level of immunoglobulins of all
      classes, specific IgE-antibodies in the blood sera and secretions of patients, as
      well as some characteristics of immune responsiveness, are higher than in
      remission, which is indicative of the increased antigenic stimulation of the body
      and of the developing immune response.

PMID- 3687300
TI  - Diversity of the effect of phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin on adenylate
      deaminase from pig brain.
AB  - Liposomes made of sphingomyelin were found to inhibit both ATP-activated and non
      activated AMP deaminase from pig brain, in contrast to liposomes made of egg yolk
      phosphatidylcholine which exhibited an activating effect on the ATP-activated
      enzyme, being without effect on AMP deaminase in the absence of ATP.
      Dioleoylphosphatidylcholine exerted a similar effect as egg yolk
      phosphatidylcholine but dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine was without effect.

PMID- 3687299
TI  - Importance of the malate-aspartate shuttle for the reoxidation of glycolytically
      produced NADH and for cell aggregation in porcine blood platelets.
AB  - Malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37) and aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1)
      are present in porcine blood platelets in both mitochondria and the cytosol. The
      latter enzyme is inhibited in a typical way by aminooxycompounds and cycloserine.
      Blocking of aminotransferase or inhibition of the mitochondrial dicarboxylate
      carrier by butylmalonate stimulates lactate production by intact platelets and
      inhibits their aggregation induced by ADP or collagen. These results indicate
      that the reoxidation of cytosolic NADH via the malate-aspartate shuttle is
      important for covering the energy demand of platelets necessary for their
      stimulation.

PMID- 3687301
TI  - Thymidylate synthase activity in the development of Hymenolepis diminuta.
AB  - Extracts of the tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta, catalyse N5,10-methylene
      tetrahydrofolate-dependent release of tritium from [5-3H]dUMP, indicating the
      presence of thymidylate synthase. The enzyme activity was found in immature,
      mature and gravid proglottids, as well as in immature and mature oncospheres. The
      reaction showed pH optimum at 7.5. Its Michaelis constants were approximately 2
      and 15 microM for dUMP and (+/-), L-N5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate,
      respectively. Incubation of the tapeworm extracts with 5-F-[3H]dUMP and N5,10
      methylenetetrahydrofolate resulted in formation of a labelled complex, separable
      under conditions of SDS polyacrylamide electrophoresis (mol. wt. of approx.
      34,000), corresponding to thymidylate synthase subunit. Results of gel filtration
      of the above complex, under nondenaturing conditions, pointed to a dimeric
      structure of the enzyme.

PMID- 3687302
TI  - [Chemonucleolysis of lumbar disk using chymopapain. Initial experience and
      results].

PMID- 3687303
TI  - [Transfer of knee flexors using the Eggers technic].

PMID- 3687304
TI  - [Closed nailing of leg fractures without predrilling into the medullary cavity].

PMID- 3687305
TI  - [Treatment of heel bone fractures using osteosynthesis].

PMID- 3687306
TI  - [Disorders of the upper and lower extremities in members of top junior volleyball
      teams].

PMID- 3687307
TI  - [Conditions for the safe use of tourniquets].

PMID- 3687308
TI  - [A patient with a late post-trauma brain abscess].

PMID- 3687309
TI  - [Amputation of the foot].

PMID- 3687310
TI  - [Eosinophilic bone granuloma].

PMID- 3687311
TI  - 24-h blood glucose pattern in type I and type II diabetics after oral treatment
      with pentoxifylline as assessed by artificial endocrine pancreas.
AB  - Based on the known action of xanthine derivatives on the insulin secretion, the
      effect of pentoxifylline on carbohydrate homeostasis of type I (IDDM) and type II
      (NIDDM) diabetics was investigated. Pentoxifylline is known to exert a favorable
      influence on hemorheological disturbances in such patients. Twenty-four hour
      blood glucose pattern and insulin requirements were evaluated in type I and type
      II diabetics by the use of the artificial pancreas before and after a 14-day
      treatment with pentoxifylline 400 mg p.o. (Trental 400) t.i.d. During the
      stabilization period before treatment with pentoxifylline, NIDDM patients
      required 10.1 +/- 3.8 U of insulin and the IDDM 35 +/- 13.7 U. After 2 weeks on
      pentoxifylline, NIDDM required only 6.3 +/- 2.8 U (p less than 0.05) and IDDM
      28.5 +/- 9.7 U (n.s.). Average blood glucose during the 24h decreased by 15.8 +/-
      3.5% in NIDDM and by 10.3 +/- 2.5% in IDDM. Moreover, a significant smoothing of
      glucose fluctuations during the 24h was noted in both groups. It is concluded
      that pentoxifylline administered concurrently to any antidiabetic type of
      treatment leads to better blood glucose control as well as to prevention or delay
      of vascular complications.

PMID- 3687312
TI  - Whole blood filterability in elderly obese women.
AB  - In order to establish whether obesity alters whole blood filterability, the
      corrected whole blood filtration (VRBC) was measured in 54 elderly obese women
      (mean age +/- SE = 67 +/- 2 years) without (n = 15) or with associated
      cardiovascular risk factors such as impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (n = 11),
      non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) (n = 14) or hypertension (n =
      14). Twenty-two age matched women with normal body weight participated as
      controls. VRBC values were similar in normal controls and obese women with normal
      glucose tolerance (NGT), whereas they were significantly lower in obese subjects
      with hypertension, NIDDM or IGT. When subjects with normal and impaired glucose
      tolerance were combined, a significant negative correlation was found between
      glucose incretory areas during OGTT and VRBC values. These data demonstrate that
      obesity per se does not alter whole blood filterability; furthermore, our results
      indicate that this modification is a precocious and sensitive index of altered
      glucose metabolism.

PMID- 3687313
TI  - The effect of two new glucosidase inhibitors on blood glucose in healthy
      volunteers and in type II diabetics.
AB  - Two new glucosidase inhibitors (BAY m 1099 and BAY o 1248) were studied in
      volunteers and type II diabetics under various conditions. In 6 non-diabetic
      controls BAY m 1099 when given 3 X 50 mg/day caused a marked depression of the
      post-meal glucose rise. The effect was found to be more marked after breakfast
      than after lunch or after dinner. In type II diabetics BAY m 1099, when given in
      a dose of 2 X 25 mg/day over one week, had no significant effect on post-meal
      glucose or serum insulin levels. BAY o 1248, when given as a single dose of 15 mg
      in the morning to type II diabetics, induced a significant decrease of post-meal
      glucose rise (35 mg/dl after breakfast, 25 mg/dl after lunch) when compared to
      placebo. Although in parallel serum insulin levels were slightly lower, this
      change was statistically not significant. The drug reduced glycosuria by 50%.
      Both compounds induced side effects, such as flatulence or diarrhea when given in
      therapeutically effective amounts, but were tolerable in most cases. On a weight
      basis BAY o 1248 was found to have greater therapeutic effects than BAY m 1099.
      Both drugs can be recommended for use in unsatisfactorily controlled type II
      diabetics. Further studies should concentrate on the critical dosage which may
      strike a satisfactory balance between effects and side effects.

PMID- 3687314
TI  - Salivary secretion rate, pH, lactobacilli and yeast counts in diabetic women.
AB  - Saliva samples of 29 type I (insulin-dependent) diabetic women and 30 healthy
      women were analyzed and compared. Saliva secretion rate and mean pH were
      statistically significantly lower in diabetics. Lactobacillus counts were almost
      the same in the two groups, while the Candida albicans count was higher in
      diabetic women. In the diabetic group PI and OHI-S indices showed higher values
      as compared to the healthy control group, the difference being statistically
      significant (p less than 0.01). Studying the relation between the various
      salivary parameters, it was found that higher salivary secretion rate was
      associated with higher pH values and with a higher proportion of Candida-negative
      cases, while lower salivary secretion rate coincided with higher OHI-S and PI
      index values.

PMID- 3687315
TI  - Pentoxifylline, total urinary protein excretion rate and arterial blood pressure
      in long-term insulin-dependent diabetic patients with overt nephropathy.
AB  - A specific hemorheologic treatment might reduce urinary protein excretion and the
      decline in kidney function in diabetic patients with overt clinical nephropathy.
      Twenty-one insulin dependent (type I) diabetic patients were randomized and
      assigned to a treatment with conventional antihypertensive therapy (protocol I)
      or with pentoxifylline (Trental 400) (protocol II). A marked improvement of blood
      rheology pattern, together with a reduction of urinary albumin excretion rate and
      total urinary protein excretion rate, was demonstrated throughout a 1-year follow
      up study with pentoxifylline. Furthermore a decrease of systolic and diastolic
      blood pressure levels was found during the treatment. The modification of these
      parameters was followed by a significant increase of creatinine clearance in each
      of the patients studied. The results obtained during pentoxifylline therapy were
      comparable to those obtained in patients treated with conventional
      antihypertensive drugs. Pentoxifylline may therefore be used in the treatment of
      advanced nephropathy in diabetic patients.

PMID- 3687316
TI  - Glycated serum protein determination: comparison between thiobarbituric acid and
      fructosamine assays.
AB  - Glycated serum proteins were evaluated with fructosamine (GSP-fructosamine) and
      thiobarbituric acid (GSP) assays in 60 normal and 60 diabetic subjects. Higher
      levels of GSP-fructosamine and GSP were found in diabetics in comparison to
      controls. GSP-fructosamine levels were positively related to GSP values and the
      other metabolic control parameters. Moreover, the fructosamine assay is
      sensitive, reproducible, rapid and easy to perform. Thus, fructosamine assay
      could be a useful method for glycated serum protein evaluation in diabetic
      patients.

PMID- 3687318
TI  - Growth hormone, somatomedin levels and growth regulation in Turner's syndrome.
AB  - In a total of 56 children and adolescents with Turner's syndrome (41 with
      karyotype 45,X) basal serum levels of somatomedin bioactivity, Sm-C/IGF-I (RIA),
      IGF II (RIA), GH response to arginine and GHRH (GRF(1-29)NH2), and spontaneous GH
      secretion during 5.5 h of deep sleep were determined in a cross-sectional manner.
      GH responses to GRF and arginine as well as IGF-II levels were found to be in the
      normal range. Levels of somatomedin bioactivity were higher than normal before a
      bone age of 10 years, in the low-normal range thereafter, and below normal in
      some patients. Levels of Sm-C/IGF-I were found normal before and low-normal after
      a bone age of ten years. There was a trend towards increasing Sm-C/IGF-I levels
      with age. In contrast to the normal pattern, spontaneous sleep-related GH
      secretion was declining with age and did not show the puberty-associated rise.
      These findings suggest a normally functioning growth hormone-somatomedin axis in
      Turner's syndrome with alterations of its functioning level occurring secondarily
      as a result of absent gonadal activation. In single patients abnormally low
      growth hormone and/or somatomedin secretion may be present.

PMID- 3687317
TI  - Effects of dynamic exercise and metabolic control on left ventricular performance
      in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
AB  - In subclinical diabetic cardiomyopathy, previous reports did not positively
      correlate the altered cardiac performance with metabolic parameters. Fifteen
      insulin-dependent diabetic subjects, without any clinical or instrumental
      evidence of heart diseases, were studied. Signs of diabetic microangiopathy were
      absent. Systolic time intervals, metabolic and hormonal parameters (blood
      glucose, free fatty acids, blood lactate and plasma norepinephrine) were
      evaluated at rest and after dynamic exercise during poor (MAGE 6.36 +/- 0.72
      mmol/l) and good (MAGE 3.46 +/- 0.66 mmol/l) metabolic control, obtained by means
      of insulin therapy. Rest values of systolic time intervals were normal during
      poor and good metabolic control. After exercise, pre-ejection period/left
      ventricular ejection time ratio increased mainly during poor control as a result
      of an increased pre-ejection period: conversely, a smaller increase in pre
      ejection period/left ventricular ejection time ratio occurred during good
      metabolic control. The exercise induced free fatty acids utilization did not
      occur during poor control as it occurred during good control. The percentage of
      increments in blood lactate was virtually identical in ketotic and non-ketotic
      patients and in normal subjects. High norepinephrine plasma levels were observed
      both at rest and during dynamic exercise in poorly controlled diabetic patients.
      Conclusively, testing of systolic time intervals after exercise might be useful
      in the detection of preclinical diabetic cardiomyopathy. The decreased cardiac
      functional reserve observed during poor control might be related to an altered
      energetic fuel utilization.

PMID- 3687319
TI  - The postpartum period constitutes an important risk for the development of
      clinical Graves' disease in young women.
AB  - In the present study, 93 consecutive women, 20-40 years of age, referred to our
      clinic from 1976-85 with Graves' disease, were examined with respect to a
      possible relation between onset of disease and previous pregnancy. An increased
      relative risk of 6.5 (3.8-11.0, 95% confidence interval) of developing Graves'
      disease within one year following delivery was found. After excluding the
      nulliparous women, almost 2 out of 3 women who developed Graves' disease in the
      principal child-bearing age of 20-35 years had a postpartum onset, suggesting an
      important role of immunomodulatory events following delivery for the development
      of this disease in young women. Future studies will ascertain to which extent the
      recognition of postpartum Graves' disease has implications on the choice of
      therapy in this group of women.

PMID- 3687320
TI  - Cytostatics for acromegaly. Marked improvement in a patient with an invasive
      pituitary tumour.
AB  - A 21-year-old woman suffering from acromegaly was treated with transsphenoidal
      subtotal hypophysectomy (microscopy: acidophilic adenoma), followed by x-ray and
      bromocriptine therapy. Seven years later she was re-operated because of a partial
      bitemporal loss of vision, intracranial hypertension, and regrowth of the
      pituitary tumour seen on CT-scan. A large part of the invasive suprasellar tumour
      was then removed by transcranial approach. The neurosurgery was followed by
      cobalt radiotherapy and bromocriptine administration. Two years later, symptoms
      and signs of tumour growth reappeared. Administration of cytostatics, such as
      doxorubicin (Adriamycin) and lomustine (Belustine), resulted in distinct clinical
      improvement associated with a seven-fold decrease in the serum growth hormone
      concentration. The visual field became normal and the intracranial mass on a CT
      scan decreased markedly. As a result the patient was able to resume work.

PMID- 3687321
TI  - Effects of dexamethasone on ovarian activity in rats.
AB  - Rats with 5-day ovarian cycles were treated with dexamethasone (0.025 to 0.4 mg
      per rat per day) to examine its effects on ovarian activity. All doses of
      dexamethasone markedly suppressed endogenous secretion of ACTH as evidenced by
      decrease in weight of the adrenal glands after 7-23 days of treatment. Treatment
      with 0.4 mg of dexamethasone from the day of ovulation appeared to induce
      pseudopregnancy in more than 90% of the rats studied: pseudopregnancies lasted
      for 14-22 days. Induction of pseudopregnancy occurred less, in a dose-dependent
      fashion, when the lower doses of dexamethasone were administered. However,
      prolonged treatment with these lower doses resulted also in pseudopregnancy
      albeit after 1 or more cycles of 5 to 7 days. The effects of large doses of
      glucocorticoids on ovarian activity in rats, and possibly in humans as well, may
      be mediated predominantly through a stimulatory action of such drugs on prolactin
      secretion. Treatment with 0.4 mg per day of dexamethasone from the day before pro
      oestrus did not interfere with ovulation and pseudopregnancy ensued this
      ovulation in all rats studied. Occasionally, unexpectedly large numbers of eggs
      per ovulating animal were found during treatment with dexamethasone. The data
      indicate failure of large doses of dexamethasone to interfere with ovulation and,
      possibly, induction of an increase in numbers of maturing follicles: this latter
      action deserves further analysis.

PMID- 3687322
TI  - HLA associations in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus diagnosed during
      pregnancy.
AB  - Sixty out of 63 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)
      diagnosed during pregnancy in the Diabetes Centre at the Department of Obstetrics
      and Gynaecology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, were re-examined 2-16 years after
      diagnosis. Fourty-six patients were currently insulin-treated and the remaining
      14 patients were all severely glucose intolerant. HLA-typing was carried out in
      41 of these patients. The HLA phenotype distribution showed a highly significant
      difference from that of non-diabetics but was similar to that seen in IDDM not
      related to pregnancy. Thus, pregnancy may constitute a special trigger mechanism
      for IDDM, but the subsequent pathogenic mechanisms are probably the same as those
      involved in other cases of IDDM.

PMID- 3687323
TI  - Effects of multiple injections of luteinizing hormone on secretion of pregnane
      compounds from polycystic ovaries of rats exposed to constant light.
AB  - Differences in the secretion of pregnane compounds by ovaries with cystic
      follicles of rats exposed to constant light (light-induced oestrous rats) and by
      ovaries with normal follicles of early pro-oestrous rats were studied. Some rats
      were injected iv with 2 micrograms of LH to stimulate the secretion of steroids
      30 min before their blood was sampled. The injection greatly increased the
      secretion of progesterone by both kinds of ovaries. The secretion of 5 alpha
      pregnane-3,20-dione and 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one also increased in
      normal rats, but not in the polycystic ovaries of light-induced oestrous rats,
      which suggested that the 5 alpha-reductase activity was low. The pre-ovulatory LH
      surge is absent in light-induced oestrous rats, so a classic approach was taken
      to circumvent the probable deficit in the cyclic release of LH; we gave multiple
      injections of 10 micrograms of LH. Five such injections were given at intervals
      of 4 days, and ovarian venous blood was collected 4 days after the last
      injection. Cystic follicles in the ovaries of rats disappeared when the
      injections of LH were given every 4 days. The production of 5 alpha-pregnane-3,20
      dione and 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one from the ovaries of such rats
      was significantly higher (P less than 0.01) than in controls given multiple
      injections of saline. These results suggest that the low 5 alpha-reductase
      activity in polycystic ovaries of light-induced oestrous rats may be due to the
      absence of an LH surge from the pituitary gland.

PMID- 3687324
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and urinary excretion of orally administered diiodotyrosine.
AB  - Serum levels of diiodotyrosine (DIT) and urinary excretion rates of DIT and
      iodine were measured in 10 normal subjects after oral administration of 1.57
      mumol of DIT corresponding to 400 micrograms of iodine. Serum DIT concentrations
      rose promptly from a mean endogenous basal level of 0.23 nmol/l to maximum values
      between 6.0 and 20 nmol/l within 30 min to 1 h after DIT ingestion. Decreasing
      DIT levels were found in all subjects 2 h after DIT intake. Urinary excretion of
      intact DIT was low, being less than 1% of the administered dose of exogenous DIT
      within 2 days. In contrast, 52% of the iodine administered in the form of DIT was
      excreted in the urine in the same time interval. The rapid absorption of DIT from
      the gastrointestinal tract combined with rapid and almost complete metabolic
      degradation by deiodination make orally applied DIT seem a suitable iodine
      carrier compound for therapeutic purposes.

PMID- 3687326
TI  - Population studies of hemoglobin S and other variants in Cukurova, the southern
      part of Turkey.

PMID- 3687325
TI  - Free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine, and thyrotropin concentrations in
      hypothyroid and thyroid carcinoma patients receiving thyroxine therapy.
AB  - Free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) concentrations in serum were
      measured by direct equilibrium dialysis methods in patients receiving thyroxine
      replacement or suppression therapy. Four of 50 hypothyroid patients euthyroid on
      replacement therapy (mean thyroxine dose 120 micrograms/day) had supranormal FT4
      concentrations, whereas the FT3 concentrations were normal in all. Forty-one of
      56 operated thyroid carcinoma patients on suppressive therapy (mean thyroxine
      dose 214 micrograms/day) had raised FT4 concentrations, whereas the FT3
      concentrations was elevated in only one patient. There was a large difference in
      mean FT4 values for hypothyroid and thyroid carcinoma patients (17.2 vs 29.5
      pmol/l), whereas the difference in mean FT3 values was small (5.0 vs 6.1 pmol/l),
      suggesting a decreased peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 with increasing
      concentrations of FT4. Serum TSH concentrations, as determined by an
      immunoradiometric assay, varied from less than 0.02 to 11.9 mU/l in treated
      hypothyroid patients; 21 patients (42%) had values outside the reference limits.
      As a single test, serum TSH is therefore not very useful for the assessment of
      adequate thyroxine dosage in patients with primary hypothyroidism. In thyroid
      carcinoma patients, the TSH concentrations were less than 0.18 mU/l; 45 patients
      had values less than 0.02 mU/l indicating sufficient suppression of TSH secretion
      in the majority of cases. On the basis of these results we recommend the
      combination of FT3 and TSH tests for monitoring thyroxine replacement and
      suppression therapy. FT4 appears less useful than FT3 for this purpose even if
      special reference values values were adopted for each patient group.

PMID- 3687327
TI  - Serum ferritin and its isoferritin patterns in homozygous beta-thalassemia.

PMID- 3687328
TI  - Neutrophil alkaline phosphatase activity in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.

PMID- 3687329
TI  - Potentiation of neutrophil biosynthesis of platelet-activating factor by
      cytochalasin B: evaluation of acetyltransferase activity.

PMID- 3687330
TI  - Correlation of in vitro antitumor activity and clinical responses to human
      fibroblast interferon (IFN-beta) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

PMID- 3687331
TI  - Bone marrow changes following chemotherapy for multiple myeloma--a
      clinicopathological study of biopsy cases.

PMID- 3687332
TI  - High-dose intravenous IgG before delivery of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura:
      transplacental treatment of the fetus.

PMID- 3687333
TI  - Spontaneous fragmentation of the rat erythrocyte.

PMID- 3687334
TI  - Renal plasmacytoma.

PMID- 3687335
TI  - Gross hematuria in multiple myeloma.

PMID- 3687336
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies reactive to human platelets: analysis of their
      specificities, detected antigen molecules, and their effects on platelet
      function.

PMID- 3687337
TI  - The effect of a monoclonal antibody specific for human platelet GPIIb/IIIa (TP80)
      on platelet function.

PMID- 3687338
TI  - Effects of recombinant erythropoietin on in vivo hemopoiesis.

PMID- 3687340
TI  - A new granulocyte activity test: continuous measurement of granulocyte cell
      volume in a hypotonic solution.

PMID- 3687339
TI  - Population size of erythroid progenitor cells (CFU-E) and erythropoiesis in iron
      deficiency anemia.

PMID- 3687341
TI  - DNA synthesis in leukemic cells studied by microcytofluorometry combined with
      [3H]thymidine autoradiography: DNA synthesis in leukemic cells.

PMID- 3687342
TI  - L1210 leukemia regression in non-immunosuppressed mice with therapeutic transfer
      of immune spleen cells--therapeutic adoptive transfer against L1210 leukemia.

PMID- 3687343
TI  - Complement-mediated cytotoxicity against marrow late neutrophilic cells in
      Kostmann's syndrome.

PMID- 3687345
TI  - [The anatomical and clinical study of arthroscopic examination of shoulder
      disorders].

PMID- 3687344
TI  - [Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies on neurological disorders].

PMID- 3687346
TI  - [Annual meeting of the Austrian Society for Internal Medicine, in association
      with the Austrian Society for Clinical Chemistry, the Austrian Society for
      Laboratory Medicine, the Austrian Society for Nuclear Medicine, and the Austrian
      Society of Nephrology. Salzburg, 17-19 September 1987. Abstracts].

PMID- 3687347
TI  - EP2000: "Mark time or move ahead--the choice is your"!

PMID- 3687348
TI  - Long-term childhood leukemia in the family: balancing normalization and
      protection.

PMID- 3687349
TI  - The making of a nurse.

PMID- 3687350
TI  - Looking ahead to retirement. Part II.

PMID- 3687351
TI  - A.I.D.S. nurses and prevention.

PMID- 3687352
TI  - Blood substitution and complement activation.
AB  - Complement activation was studied in 45 patients undergoing total hip
      arthroplasty under epidural anesthesia. The patients were randomly allocated to
      three groups. In Group I blood loss was replaced with microaggregate-poor
      erythrocyte concentrate (SAGM-ERC) plus 3% dextran-60 as plasma substitute, and
      postoperative analgesia was maintained with intramuscular ketobemidone. In Group
      II blood loss was replaced as in Group I, but epidural anesthesia was prolonged
      12 h postoperatively and kept at a level of T4 with 0.5% bupivacaine. In Group
      III blood loss was replaced with non-frozen stored plasma plus SAGM-ERC, and
      postoperative analgesia was maintained with ketobemidone as in Group I. All
      groups received pre- and postoperative thrombo-prophylaxis with dextran. The
      plasma concentration of C3a-des-arginine (C3a-desArg) was measured by
      radioimmunoassay preoperatively, immediately after operation and 3, 6 and 18 h
      postoperatively. No significant differences in plasma C3 and C4 were found
      between the groups. C3a-desArg was significantly (P less than 0.01) increased up
      to 6 h postoperatively in Group III compared with both the preoperative value and
      Groups I and II. It is demonstrated that infusion of plasma can enhance or
      initiate endogenous complement activation. Blood component therapy with SAGM-ERC
      and 3% dextran-60, on the other hand, did not significantly increase the plasma
      level of C3a-desArg irrespective of the type of postoperative analgesia.

PMID- 3687353
TI  - The lack of response to suggestion under controlled surgical anesthesia.
AB  - Thirty-two ASA I or II women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy were randomly
      allocated to four groups to determine what type, if any, of recorded
      intraoperative message they would receive. Groups I and II heard a neutral
      recording with no verbal content. Group III heard an experimental recording with
      a positive suggestion for a rapid recovery. Group IV had a self-prepared message.
      The tapes were played during general anesthesia when anesthetic depth was judged
      to be stable and adequate by vital signs, end-tidal anesthetic concentration and
      EEG compressed spectral array. No patient reported any recall of intraoperative
      messages when interviewed on the day after surgery. Chart review showed no
      difference in days of hospitalization, dose of analgesics required, time to
      beginning oral intake, or the amount of wound drainage (P greater than 0.05). We
      conclude that no awareness can be observed directly by recall or indirectly by
      response to suggestion given under stable and adequate general anesthesia.

PMID- 3687354
TI  - Psychological effect of detailed preanesthetic information.
AB  - Eighty-one patients admitted for minor surgery were followed with questionnaires
      and self-rating scales in the pre- and post-anesthetic period to evaluate the
      effect of giving either routine or detailed information. The patients were
      randomly allocated to two groups and received either routinely given information
      by the anesthetist for about 5 min or more detailed information for at least 20
      min. The patients' experience of the effect of the preanesthetic visit was
      tranquillizing and adequate in both groups. The most significant difference with
      detailed information was a smaller number of side-effects like slow cerebration,
      nausea and a general feeling of discomfort compared to the routinely informed
      patients. Repetitive ratings on Spielberger's State of Anxiety Scale showed that
      the patients who had had previous anesthetic experience were less influenced by
      the degree of information given. In view of the considerable numbers of
      parameters investigated, there were relatively few significant differences
      between the groups, and it was concluded that there was no convincing benefit
      from expanding routine to detailed information.

PMID- 3687355
TI  - The psychological effects of having a contact-person from the anesthetic staff.
AB  - Seventy-four patients admitted for elective surgery completed identical
      questionnaires and rating scales pre- and postoperatively. The course of anxiety
      was compared between patients who were either routinely informed or had contact
      with an anesthetic nurse available for support during the 30-min anesthesia and
      surgery preparation. Comparing the results with our three other studies, it is
      concluded that emotional support given by a "contact-person" is more effective
      than either detailed information or a tranquillizer.

PMID- 3687356
TI  - Experience with an automatic external defibrillator.
AB  - One emergency ambulance serving an urban part of the greater Stockholm area was
      equipped with a semi-automatic defibrillator Life Pack 200 Physio Control during
      an 8-month study period. The equipment advises the user whether defibrillation is
      required or not, and in cases of detected ventricular fibrillation,
      defibrillation is advised. The user then has to press a button to defibrillate
      through the same electrodes that record the electrocardiogram. A built-in tape
      recorder was used for documentation of the underlying rhythm disturbance. In all,
      advice was requested 332 times. Accuracy in interpretation of ventricular
      fibrillation was found to be high. The sensitivity and specificity in
      interpretation of ventricular fibrillation were 93% and 100%, respectively. No
      defibrillations were performed in patients without ventricular fibrillation. All
      instances of ventricular fibrillation were converted to another rhythm or
      asystole. Seven percent of the patients with cardiac arrest caused by ventricular
      fibrillation survived.

PMID- 3687357
TI  - Factors influencing the osmolality and the concentrations of blood haemoglobin
      and electrolytes during transurethral resection of the prostate.
AB  - Twenty patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR) were
      followed every 10 min intraoperatively as well as 1 and 2 h postoperatively with
      measurements of blood haemoglobin concentration (B-Hb), serum sodium (S-Na),
      serum potassium (S-K), serum osmolality (S-osmol), blood loss, central venous
      pressure and volumetric determination of the irrigating fluid absorption. Changes
      in B-Hb correlated well with the sum of acetated Ringer solution given and
      intravascular irrigating fluid absorption. A transient decrease in S-Na of 1-4
      mmol/l followed absorptions less than 300 ml. With larger intravascular
      absorptions, three stages of dilutive changes in S-Na and B-Hb are described.
      Extravascular absorptions resulted in mild blood parameter changes at various
      times after their occurrence. Absorption of irrigating fluid was associated with
      an increase in S-K. S-osmol decreased in conjunction with some absorptions,
      although the irrigating fluid was isotonic. Postoperative analyses of blood
      parameters gave only limited information about intraoperative complications. The
      only consistent pattern was associated with intravascular irrigating fluid
      absorption.

PMID- 3687358
TI  - Spinal analgesia with hyperbaric 0.5% bupivacaine: effects of different patient
      positions.
AB  - A prospective randomised study of the effect when the patient remained sitting
      for 2, 10, 15, 20 or 25 min, was evaluated in 50 patients (10 in each group)
      given a spinal anesthesia, with 4 ml 0.5% bupivacaine in 8% glucose (hyperbaric).
      The first period of sitting was followed by a second period in the horizontal
      supine position; this period ended when there was the same level of pin-prick
      analgesia for 5 min. The patient was then placed in the Trendelenburg position
      until maximum spread was achieved. There was no difference in the spread of
      analgesia between the five groups at the end of each of the three periods.
      Between the five groups, there was no difference as to the duration of time from
      placing the patient in the supine horizontal position until maximum spread of
      analgesia (mean +/- s.e. mean 12 +/- 2-13 +/- 2 min) in this position, and from
      the start of the Trendelenburg position until maximum spread (mean +/- s.e. mean
      7.5 +/- 1.2-9.5 +/- 1.7 min). All patients except one in the 25-min group had
      complete motor blockade of the lower limbs.

PMID- 3687359
TI  - Plasma concentrations of prilocaine and lidocaine and methaemoglobin formation in
      infants after epicutaneous application of a 5% lidocaine-prilocaine (EMLA).
AB  - The aim of the study was to measure the plasma levels of lidocaine and prilocaine
      after dermal application of EMLA in infants and to evaluate whether this
      procedure increases the levels of methaemoglobin (Met-Hb). Two groups of infants,
      3-6 (n = 12) and 6-12 months (n = 10) of age, were studied. In total, 2 ml of
      EMLA was applied to 4 x 4 cm of skin surface for 4 h and blood samples for
      detection of Met-Hb and plasma levels of local anaesthetics were taken at 0, 2, 4
      and 8 h after the application. After removal of the cream the infants were
      operated mainly for minor procedures under general anaesthesia. The plasma
      concentrations of lidocaine and prilocaine were in all cases below toxic levels
      and there were only minor increases in Met-Hb in a few infants. In conclusion,
      EMLA can be used safely in infants above 3 months of age provided that the
      recommendations with regard to dose, application area and time are followed. The
      use of EMLA in smaller infants and in children taking other Met-Hb-inducing drugs
      needs further evaluation.

PMID- 3687360
TI  - The effect of thoracic epidural analgesia on respiratory function after
      cholecystectomy.
AB  - To assess the effect of thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) on postoperative
      respiratory function and pulmonary complications, a prospective randomized trial
      was conducted in patients undergoing cholecystectomy. One hundred patients were
      allocated to TEA (n = 30), TEA + general anesthesia (TEA + GA) (n = 30), or
      general anaesthesia (GA) (n = 40) groups. Respiratory function was analysed by
      measuring forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1),
      functional residual capacity (FRC), total lung capacity (TLC), peak expiratory
      flow (PEF) in the supine and sitting postures, and arterial blood gases.
      Postoperative pulmonary complications were carefully documented. TEA
      significantly prevented the postoperative deterioration of respiratory function
      as compared with general anaesthesia. FVC, FEV1 and PEF decreased by 20% in
      patients receiving TEA, in contrast to 55% in patients after GA on the day of
      operation. This improvement continued until the 2nd day after operation, when
      FVC, FEV1 and PEF and their recovery rates were equal in all groups. In the
      sitting posture the preoperative FVC, FEV1 and PEF were about 10% greater than in
      the supine position. After operation, this difference was further increased. The
      preoperative difference of 27% in FRC between the sitting and supine postures was
      maintained after operation. PaO2 decreased by 0.8 kPa after TEA, by 1.5 kPa after
      TEA + GA with the lowest value on the 2nd postoperative day and by 1.5 kPa after
      GA, with the lowest value immediately after operation. Simultaneous hypercarbia
      indicated hypoventilation, which may have contributed to impaired respiratory
      function on the following days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3687361
TI  - Ketamine monoanaesthesia for major surgery in epidermolysis bullosa. Case report.
AB  - A case report is presented of a patient with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis
      bullosa, who required anaesthesia for a major plastic surgery operation. The
      special anaesthetic problems are discussed, and ketamine monoanaesthesia is
      advocated when muscle relaxation is unnecessary. Glycopyrrolate was found to be
      an excellent antisialogenic agent.

PMID- 3687362
TI  - Persistent cardiac failure after mitral valve replacement due to free-floating
      intracardiac thrombus formation. Case report.
AB  - A case of free-floating left atrial-ventricular thrombus early after mitral valve
      replacement (Carpentier-Edwards pericardial bioprosthesis) is presented.
      Successful surgical removal was performed. The diagnostic and therapeutic efforts
      are discussed.

PMID- 3687363
TI  - Tachyphylaxis during postoperative epidural analgesia--new insights.

PMID- 3687364
TI  - [A study on the extensor hallucis brevis, extensor digitorum brevis and peroneus
      digiti minimi muscles in man].

PMID- 3687365
TI  - [Four cases of rib anomalies].

PMID- 3687366
TI  - [Megakaryopoietic cell line in mouse liver of fetal and early postnatal ages:
      histological observations on semithin sections].

PMID- 3687368
TI  - Gastrointestinal disturbances in stroke.
AB  - The study includes analysis of 498 post-mortems of stroke patients treated in the
      Department of Vascular Diseases of the CNS Warsaw, in the years 1974-1985. In
      that group, gastrointestinal complications were found in 120 cases (24.09%) which
      included 82 cases of ischaemic focus in the brain and 38 cases of haemorrhagic
      focus due to cerebral haemorrhage. Of the 120 patients with gastrointestinal
      complications 75 (63.5%) had massive haemorrhage into the lumen of the alimentary
      tract; in half, gastrointestinal haemorrhage had occurred within 7 days of the
      stroke. No statistically significant correlation was observed between the type of
      mucosal lesion and the site of ischaemic or haemorrhagic lesion in the brain.

PMID- 3687367
TI  - Response of polygraphic sleep to phenytoin treatment for epilepsy. A longitudinal
      study of immediate, short- and long-term effects.
AB  - Report on a prospective longitudinal study of alterations in polygraphic sleep by
      phenytoin monotherapy for epilepsy. A first dose of 100mg already caused
      abbreviation of sleep latency and an increase of slow-wave sleep in the first
      NREM-REM cycle. In the course of adjustments to steady state, an increase of
      Stage 3 + 4 sleep in the later REM cycles developed, such that the percentage of
      slow-wave sleep for the whole night was also augmented, whereas the percentage of
      light sleep decreased. Sleep structure was affected particularly in the third
      NREM-REM cycle. With continuing therapy, however, these effects were reversed.
      The only permanent effect was an abbreviated sleep latency. There were only
      minimal differences in the response of generalized and of localization-related
      epilepsies. Serum drug levels had only a very limited influence, seizure control
      and length of follow-up had no influence on the results. As a collateral finding,
      a delayed further decrease of epileptic discharges during sleep was observed
      under long-term conditions in patients who were seizure-free and had been so
      since adjustment to the steady state.

PMID- 3687369
TI  - Epilepsy in the elderly: life expectancy and causes of death.
AB  - All patients over the age of 60 who experienced seizures between 1979-83, were
      registered. The number of deaths was registered until July 2, 1985. Included were
      162 patients who received no anti-epileptic drugs prior to the study period; 87
      patients had established epilepsy at the time of admission. The number of deaths
      among previously untreated patients significantly exceeded expectation. Mortality
      was not significantly correlated to severity of epilepsy. In patients with brain
      tumor all but one died within the first year. Mortality among patients with
      postapoplectic seizures was significantly higher than expected being especially
      during the first year. Numbers of deaths among patients with seizures of unknown
      cause did not differ from the expected, neither did causes of death. Numbers of
      deaths in patients with established epilepsy at the time of admission was
      significantly higher than expected although none had malignant tumours and only 4
      had postapoplectic seizures thus illustrating the influence of selecting patients
      with chronic active epilepsy. Eleven patients died suddenly and unexpectedly of
      unknown cause, which was more than expected. These patients were found dead under
      circumstances compatible with death occurring during seizure. Epilepsy was
      mentioned on the death certificate in only one case, indicating that the
      frequency of sudden, unexpected death among epileptics could easily be
      underestimated.

PMID- 3687370
TI  - Vaccine-associated contact paralytic poliomyelitis with atypical neurological
      presentation.
AB  - Paralytic poliomyelitis presenting with quadriparesis, transient encephalitis and
      bulbar symptoms in 2 patients in close contact with recently vaccinated children
      with trivalent live oral polio vaccine is described. Symmetrical lower motor
      neuron involvement of deltoid muscles with electromyographic confirmation was
      found. Upper motor neuron signs, with symmetrical hyperactive deep tendon
      reflexes developed in the lower extremities. Poliovirus Type-2 vaccine-like
      strain was cultured from one patient and both patients showed significant
      antibody titers rises to poliovirus. Attention is drawn to the possible clinical
      differences between vaccine associated poliomelitis and the usual features found
      in wild strain poliomyelitis. It is suggested that in selected cases, non
      immunized contacts be given inactivated polio-vaccine when the vaccinees are
      immunized with the live oral-vaccine.

PMID- 3687371
TI  - Epileptic aphasia and dysphoria interpreted as endogenous depression.
AB  - A case is reported of a 29-yr-old female with attacks of aphasia/dysphasia over a
      period of several months which lasted days to weeks accompanied by a dysphoric
      state. The patients was for long regarded as endogenous depressive with a
      hysterical speech disorder. However, the diagnosis of epilepsy was finally made
      based on generalized attacks, appropriate EEG changes, and the response to anti
      epileptic therapy.

PMID- 3687372
TI  - Inhibition of glial proliferation in vitro by serum from patients with multiple
      sclerosis.
AB  - Primary cell cultures from fetal rat CNS have been employed to evaluate the
      effects caused by the addition of serum from patients affected by multiple
      sclerosis (MS). MS-serum supplemented media caused a decrease in [3H]-thymidine
      incorporation into the cultures, thus indicating an inhibitory effect on
      proliferating glial cells. Sera from patients in remission stage of the disease
      showed an inhibitory effect not significatively lower than those from patients in
      acute stage. These results suggest that glial cells may be a target of
      circulating factors present in MS.

PMID- 3687373
TI  - Linoleic acid levels in white blood cells, platelets, and serum of multiple
      sclerosis patients.
AB  - We found a small but statistically significant reduction in the linoleic acid
      concentration of white blood cells and platelets in MS patients. The percent
      linoleic acid concentration (mean +/- S.D.) in the white blood cells if 24 MS
      patients was 8.8 +/- 1.8% as compared with 11.4 +/- 4.9 in 24 age and sex-matched
      controls (p less than 0.05). Platelet levels were 8.5 +/- 2.4% and 10.6 +/- 3.8%
      respectively (P less than 0.05). Serum linoleic acid levels were not
      significantly different in the two groups. The possible role of linoleic acid in
      the pathogenesis of MS has yet to be defined.

PMID- 3687375
TI  - Appreciation of emotional expressions in the visual and auditory modality in
      normal and brain-damaged patients.
AB  - Right-handed patients with right-sided, left-sided or without brain lesions, were
      tested for their appreciation of pictures of faces and tape-recorded voices
      carrying emotional expressions. The right hemisphere group was impaired in
      relation to the left and normal group. On the auditory test the impaired right
      sided group showed confusion of all emotional categories. On the visual test, the
      same patients evaluated all emotional qualities to be happy or neutral. It is
      suggested that different mechanisms explain these findings: one of defective
      perceptual analysis, prominent in the auditory test, and one of change of mood in
      an euphoric direction specific to patients suffering damage to the right
      hemisphere.

PMID- 3687374
TI  - Electrophysiological detection of "silent" plaques in the optic pathways.
AB  - The incidence of a delayed P100 component of the VEP after checkerboard
      stimulation in probable or possible multiple sclerosis (MS) without history,
      signs or symptoms of optic neuritis is not significantly different from that
      found in other neurological disorders in which the visual system is unaffected.
      This reduces the diagnostic validity of a delayed P100 as evidence of "silent"
      plaques in the optic pathway, at least in suspected MS. The use of grating
      increases the VEP sensitivity in the MS group, but it still leaves more than a
      30% chance of error in attributing a delayed P100 to a demyelinating disorder. In
      this respect the discordant behaviour of checkerboard and grating responses may
      represent a useful clue.

PMID- 3687376
TI  - Motor and sensory conduction along the posterior interosseous nerve.
AB  - The posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) is the main distal branch of the radial
      nerve. It innervates most of the extensor muscles of the forearm and contains
      deep sensory fibres directed to the ligaments and joints of the wrist. The
      presence of deep sensory fibres allow measurement of sensory conduction (SCV)
      other than motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV) along this nerve. Normal values
      of motor and sensory conduction along the terminal branches of the radial nerve
      distal to the elbow are reported. The results accord well with data previously
      reported.

PMID- 3687377
TI  - Autonomic cardiovascular responses in distal myopathy (Welander).
AB  - Autonomically mediated cardiovascular responses were evaluated in 9 patients with
      Welander distal myopathy and compared to data from an age- and sex-matched
      control group. The myopathy patients had a normal respiratory sinus arrhythmia
      and a normal heart rate response to the Valsalva menoeuvre, indicating a normal
      vagal function. They had a normal initial heart rate response to the orthostatic
      position, indicating a normal function of the sympathetic nerves. The main
      difference between the groups was found in the orthostatic position. The myopathy
      patients reacted with a greater increase in systolic blood pressure and a smaller
      heart rate increase than the controls. This suggests an altered peripheral
      vasomotor function, possibly with a more predominant activation of alfa than beta
      adrenergic receptors leading to vasoconstriction. In addition, a low forearm
      blood flow at rest and a les pronounced blood flow increase during the isometric
      handgrip were found in the myopathy patients. This finding could also be
      explained by proneness to vasoconstriction. It is concluded that patients with
      Welander distal myopathy have no signs of dysfunction of the peripheral autonomic
      nerves.

PMID- 3687378
TI  - Myelopathy patients studied with magnetic resonance for multiple sclerosis
      plaques.
AB  - Seven patients with isolated spinal cord symptoms, and with evoked potential (EP)
      recordings and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings supporting a demyelinating
      cause for their myelopathy, were examined with cervical and cranial magnetic
      resonance imaging (MRI). Lesions in the cervical spinal cord were detected in 6
      of the patients, including 2 who also had disseminated lesions in the brain
      compatible with multiple sclerosis (MS). In one patient MRI of the cervical
      spinal cord was normal, while plaques were seen in the periventricular region of
      the brain and in the brain stem. Thus, in the 3 patients with cerebral plaques,
      MRI supported the diagnosis of MS by showing dissemination in space. In the
      remaining 4 patients MRI provided support for the diagnosis of MS by
      demonstrating the cervical spinal cord plaques while excluding other potential
      causes of myelopathy, such as spinal cord compression and intramedullary tumor.

PMID- 3687379
TI  - The adverse effect of benzhexol on memory in Parkinson's disease.
AB  - Seventy-eight subjects suffering from idiopathic Parkinson's disease were studied
      in 2 separate groups to test the hypothesis that benzhexol affects memory. In
      study A, 54 subjects were tested by means of a free recall technique; in study B,
      24 subjects were given a signal detection memory task. Both studies yielded
      significant correlations between memory impairment and dosage levels of
      benzhexol. No correlation was found between memory status and dosage of levodopa,
      duration of illness or Hamilton depression scores. The implications of these
      findings are discussed.

PMID- 3687380
TI  - Methods of measurement of thermal thresholds.
AB  - Thermal tests were performed in 117 healthy subjects on the face, wrist and leg;
      32 were tested on the legs with different rates of cooling and warming.
      Additionally 2 groups of diabetics (37 patients) were tested. Thermotesting was
      most sensitive on the legs using a rate of temperature change of 2.5-2.8 oC/s.
      Warm and cold perception should be tested separately. Cold perception testing is
      most sensitive. Combined tests of warm and cold thresholds as well as the testing
      of cool pain and heat pain do not improve results. Abnormal cold perception may
      be an early indicator of diabetic small fibre polyneuropathy, leading to cold
      trauma and ulcers on the feet.

PMID- 3687382
TI  - Geographical distribution of multiple sclerosis mortality in Spain.
AB  - Mortality from multiple sclerosis in Spain has been analyzed for the period 1969
      1979. In this period 1841 deaths from MS as primary cause were registered. The
      death rate decreased markedly during the first years, but was steady between 1975
      and 1979 with 0.35 deaths per 100,000 population. This value places Spain within
      the low-medium risk zone of MS. The geographical distribution by provinces shows
      a slight northern predominance, with the highest rates in the northwestern area.

PMID- 3687381
TI  - Bimodal sensory stimulation-induced seizures.
AB  - A curious case is reported in which the patient, a young woman, exhibited
      convulsive seizures when approaching closely to a television. The visual and
      acoustic stimulation did not change her EEG, whereas simultaneous stimulation
      with both the modalities induced bilateral and symmetrical high-voltage spikes
      (with their diffusion) that led to a convulsive seizure. Results are discussed
      with relation to the literature.

PMID- 3687383
TI  - Left-thalamic neglect.

PMID- 3687384
TI  - Cerebromicrovascular endothelial permeability. In-vitro studies.
AB  - Permeability of cerebromicrovascular endothelium has been investigated in a new
      model of cultured cells. The endothelial cells are grown on dextran microcarriers
      and constitute a barrier for trypan blue (TB) binding to the dextran beads.
      Changes in the permeability of microcarrier-cultured endothelium have been
      investigated during the exposure of cells to arachidonic acid or substances
      involved either in arachidonate metabolism or stimulation of cAMP. The results
      demonstrate enhanced TB passage through the endothelial barrier during exposure
      to high concentrations of arachidonic acid and indomethacin, but not to
      ibuprofen. The effect of indomethacin could be prevented by pretreatment with
      dexamethasone. Dexamethasone alone did not influence the barrier. Forskolin, a
      drug which stimulates the catalytic unit of adenylate cyclase, did not affect the
      endothelial permeability to TB. These findings support the contention that
      substances derived from a disturbed cellular membrane contribute to the altered
      blood-brain barrier function found under pathological conditions.

PMID- 3687385
TI  - Protective effect of lesion to the glutamatergic cortico-striatal projections on
      the hypoglycemic nerve cell injury in rat striatum.
AB  - In rat striatum severe hypoglycemia causes an irreversible nerve cell injury,
      which does not become manifest until during the post-insult recovery period. This
      injury can be ameliorated by lesions of the glutamatergic cortico-striatal
      pathway, which suggests that an "excitotoxic" effect mediated by the
      glutamatergic input is the likely cause of the post-hypoglycemic nerve cell
      destruction. In this paper we further characterize the protective effect of
      abolishing the glutamatergic innervation to striatum at the ultrastructural
      level. Two weeks after a unilateral cortical ablation rats were subjected to 30
      min of severe hypoglycemia with isoelectric EEG and killed either immediately
      after the insult or following 60 min of recovery induced by restoring the blood
      glucose levels. Immediately after the hypoglycemic insult the structure of
      striatum was similar on both sides (except for the changes attributable to the
      ablation); i.e., the neurons and their dendrites had pale cytoplasm with
      condensed mitochondria, sparse RER and pinpoint ribosomes. After 60 min
      restitution numerous striatal neurons on the non-protected, non-ablated side had
      turned variably dark and condensed, whereas underneath the ablation they remained
      similar as immediately after hypoglycemia. This sequence indicates that the most
      likely cause of nerve cell destruction on the non-protected side is the
      "excitotoxic" effect mediated by the glutamatergic innervation, which is
      superimposed on the action of the hypoglycemic insult per se. Furthermore, the
      primary condensation of neurons and their dendrites indicate existence of another
      type of acute "excitotoxic" nerve cell injury which differs from the previously
      described injury characterized by neuronal swelling.

PMID- 3687386
TI  - Ultrastructure of cerebellar capillary hemangioblastoma. VI. Concentric lamellar
      bodies of endoplasmic reticulum in stromal cells.
AB  - Concentric lamellar bodies of endoplasmic reticulum (CLB) were found in the
      stromal cells of all five cases of cerebellar capillary hemangioblastoma studied
      ultrastructurally. CLB were often present in the stromal cells with voluminous
      loose cytoplasm, particularly those close to the capillaries. They were rarely
      seen in small stromal cells with abundant organelles and stromal cells distended
      by large lipid droplets. Small lipid droplets were usually present in the center
      or in the vicinity of CLB. Vesiculation and vacuolization of the lamellar arrays
      of CLB were common. Some vacuolized CLB were transformed into large, varying
      shaped, multilocular bodies. Some stromal cells were markedly distended by
      numerous large vacuoles derived from CLB. Granulo-fibrillary material was
      frequently present in the vacuolized lamellae. Discharge of vacuoles into the
      interstitial space was observed. It is suggested that CLB is one of the
      characteristic ultrastructural features of the stromal cells. They may represent
      a special type of hyperplasia of the endoplasmic reticulum, but their functional
      significance is not known.

PMID- 3687387
TI  - Chromatolytic changes in the central nervous system of patients with the toxic
      oil syndrome.
AB  - Five patients died of a severe neuromyopathy months after the ingestion of
      adulterated rapeseed oil. These patients were selected for this study due to the
      presence of striking chromatolytic lesions in symmetric and scattered nuclei of
      the brain stem, including the locus coeruleus, midline raphe, lateral reticular
      nuclei of the medulla and cuneate nuclei. Two of the five cases, in addition to
      these topographic levels of involvement, had remarkable chromatolysis, vacuolar
      degeneration and heavy silver impregnation of the swollen perykarya and proximal
      dendrites in the nuclei of the basis pontis. In this paper we analyze the
      features of the chromatolytic lesion and suggest that the neuronal pathology
      observed in these cases is an example of irreversible chromatolysis involving
      vacuolization and filamentous proliferation as final events of the chromatolytic
      process. The cause of the cell degeneration in the toxic oil syndrome (TOS) is
      yet undetermined. Chromatolysis in this disease may be the result of a neurotoxic
      action of the toxic factor in the adulterated oil.

PMID- 3687388
TI  - Oligodendroglial pathology in canine distemper virus infection in vitro.
AB  - Dog brain cell cultures were infected with different canine distemper virus (CDV)
      strains to study the oligodendrocytes, which were characterized with eight
      different antibodies to cover the whole oligodendroglial population in the
      culture. A few weeks after infection all oligodendroglial cell types started to
      degenerate and disappeared from the culture. However, since no CDV protein could
      be demonstrated in the degenerating oligodendrocytes with extensive double
      labelling studies, this lesion can not be explained as being a result of
      cytolytic infection. This conclusion was further supported in experiments with
      plaque-forming CDV, in which viral replication is restricted to the cytolytic
      areas only; oligodendrocytes also degenerated in virus-free areas between the
      plaques. The hypothesis of toxic factors released by other infected cell types in
      the culture leading to secondary damage of the oligodendrocyte could not be
      confirmed by transferring supernatants from infected to normal cultures. Whereas
      the presence of toxic factors can not be completely excluded, the possibility of
      an abortive infection of the oligodendrocytes with no or very limited viral
      protein synthesis is discussed.

PMID- 3687389
TI  - Dysmyelination in NCTR-Balb/C mouse mutant with a lysosomal storage disorder.
      Morphological survey.
AB  - A morphological survey of the central nervous system of a NCTR-Balb/C mouse
      afflicted by neurovisceral storage disease was performed. It has been
      demonstrated that this mutant is characterized by primary dysmyelination, which
      is evident as early as 12 days of age. The failure of myelin formation in the CNS
      was shown by histochemical and ultrastructural methods. Inasmuch as neither lipid
      containing macrophages nor infiltrating mononuclear cells were apparent,
      secondary demyelination could be excluded. The multiform ultrastructural
      appearance of the storage material in the various CNS cell types suggested
      heterogeneity of the accumulated substances. The storage materials which reacted
      positively with periodate-Schiff reagent, but not with other histochemical
      stains, are most likely the accumulated gangliosides and neutral
      glycosphingolipids identified previously in this mutant's brain. Considering the
      probable role of cholesterol ester in the early phases of myelinogenesis, in
      conjunction with the fact that the NCTR-Balb/C mouse carries a defect in the
      esterification of exogenously derived cholesterol, it is possible that the later
      metabolite is relevant to the impaired myelin formation.

PMID- 3687391
TI  - Neuropathology in cerebral lactic acidosis.
AB  - The neuropathology in two young infants with cerebral lactic acidosis is
      presented. Both cases showed microcephaly, ventricular dilatation, absent corpus
      callosum, absent or extremely hypoplastic pyramids, heterotopic inferior olives,
      focal neuroglial overgrowth into meninges, focal cystic change with gliosis and
      recent degenerative changes in the germinal matrix. The cerebellum, basal
      ganglia, Ammon's horn, inferior colliculi and layering of the cortex were well
      preserved. The features suggest a continuous damage with very old, relatively old
      and recent lesions. This striking combination of abnormalities should raise the
      possibility of a disturbance of lactate/pyruvate metabolism.

PMID- 3687390
TI  - Spongiform encephalopathy in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome
      (AIDS).
AB  - The histological and ultrastructural findings of subacute spongiform
      encephalopathy (SSE) are described in the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia of a
      homosexual patient who died with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). It
      is suggested that SSE, beside the diffuse AIDS leukoencephalopathy, might be
      another morphological substrate of the AIDS dementia complex.

PMID- 3687393
TI  - Involvement of choroid plexuses in neurosarcoidosis.
AB  - A 43-year-old woman, known to have suffered from chronic multisystem sarcoidosis
      since the age of 28, developed a posterior fossa mass and obstructive
      hydrocephalus 2 years before death. At autopsy she was found to have
      hydrocephalus involving all four ventricles, mass lesions in the brain stem and
      cerebellum, and severe involvement of the choroid plexuses. The optic nerves and
      chiasm were also infiltrated with granulomas. Only minimal lesions were found in
      other parts of the brain.

PMID- 3687392
TI  - Neuropathology of Seckel syndrome in fetal stage with evidence of intrauterine
      developmental retardation.
AB  - Marked intrauterine developmental retardation in a fetal case of Seckel syndrome
      was morphologically defined in the 29th week of gestation by comparing with a
      large number of length-matched and age-matched controls. Telencephalic
      micrencephaly with reduced neuroblast production, retarded functional
      differentiation of the pituitary gland, and generalized hypotrophy with
      craniofacial stigmata were observed.

PMID- 3687394
TI  - Meningocerebral hemangiomatosis resembling Sturge-Weber disease in a horse.
AB  - A 3-year-old horse presented with intermittent generalized seizures of 2-month
      duration. During interictal periods, the horse appeared normal and a cause for
      the seizures could not be identified. Necropsy revealed opacity of the
      leptomeninges, covering most of one cerebral hemisphere along with thinning and
      collapse of the cortex in the ipsilateral pyriform lobe. Histopathology
      demonstrated leptomeningeal vascular proliferation and meningothelial
      hyperplasia. Prominent tortuous vessels of the gyri and sulci extended into some
      regions of the subjacent cortex, where there was neuronal loss, ectopia, and
      disorganization. Clusters of prominent arterioles were found in the sclerotic
      choroid plexus of the lateral and fourth ventricles. Milder vascular lesions were
      present in the leptomeninges of the ventral brain stem, right cerebrum, spinal
      cord, and in the eye. The left trigeminal nerve was distorted by swollen fasicles
      containing onion bulb-like structures. Most bulbs contained central axons
      surrounded by myelin sheaths of variable thickness. Electron microscopy
      demonstrated concentrically arranged cells with continuous basal laminae and rare
      pinocytotic vesicles. S-100 immunohistochemistry showed strong positive staining
      in these cells. This is an unusual combination of lesions to which analogies can
      be drawn with the human neuroectodermal dysplasias, specifically Sturge-Weber
      disease. The relationship of the neuropathy to the leptomeningeal hemangiomatosis
      is unclear, but a compound anomaly in embryological development resulting in
      dysplasia and neoplasia may be involved.

PMID- 3687395
TI  - [Sciatica. Brussels, 22-24 May 1986. Proceedings].

PMID- 3687396
TI  - [Anatomy of the lateral recessus or lumbar radicular groove].

PMID- 3687397
TI  - The biomechanics of disc degeneration.

PMID- 3687398
TI  - The clinical diagnosis of sciatica.

PMID- 3687399
TI  - [Sciatic pain and non-visceral primary tumors of the pelvic region].

PMID- 3687400
TI  - Computed tomography in the diagnosis of sciatica.

PMID- 3687401
TI  - Epidural injection in the treatment of chronic sciatica.

PMID- 3687402
TI  - [Pharmacologic action of chymopapain on the intervertebral disk].

PMID- 3687403
TI  - Chemonucleolysis. Indications and technique.

PMID- 3687404
TI  - [The disk tolerance test and disk manometry. Diagnostic and prognostic value
      before chemonucleolysis].

PMID- 3687405
TI  - [Surgery or nucleolysis. Is discography a decisive factor?].

PMID- 3687406
TI  - [Choice of an anesthetic technic for chemonucleolysis. Apropos of vigil
      neuroleptanalgesia (droperidol-dextromoramide)].

PMID- 3687407
TI  - [Detection of patients at risk of allergy to chymopapain before and after
      chemonucleolysis. Choice of preventive medication].

PMID- 3687408
TI  - Skin testing for Chymopapain sensitivity.

PMID- 3687409
TI  - [Postoperative care and rehabilitation after chemonucleolysis].

PMID- 3687411
TI  - Chymopapain, results with chymodiactin.

PMID- 3687410
TI  - [Results of chemonucleolysis in sciatica caused by a herniated disk].

PMID- 3687412
TI  - [Results of treatment with intra-disk injection of lekopain in the treatment of
      herniated lumbar disk].

PMID- 3687413
TI  - [Comparative study of surgery and chemonucleolysis in the treatment of sciatica
      caused by a herniated disk].

PMID- 3687414
TI  - [Complication of disk nucleolysis with chymopapain].

PMID- 3687415
TI  - Incidental myelogram during lateral discography. Report of two cases.

PMID- 3687416
TI  - Complications of lumbar microdiscectomy.

PMID- 3687417
TI  - [Value and survival of fat-free grafts in laminectomy].

PMID- 3687418
TI  - [Results of the surgical treatment of herniated disk. Multicenter study of 1612
      records].

PMID- 3687419
TI  - [Surgery after failure of chemonucleolysis].

PMID- 3687420
TI  - Percutaneous nucleotomy. An alternative to spinal surgery for lumbar disc
      herniation.

PMID- 3687421
TI  - Failures of disc surgery and repeat surgery.

PMID- 3687422
TI  - [The role of surgery in the treatment of postoperative sciatica].

PMID- 3687423
TI  - [Comparative study of the cost of treatment of sciatica by chemonucleolysis and
      by surgery].

PMID- 3687424
TI  - An autopsy study of lung cancer in University of Tokyo for the last 27 years,
      from 1958 to 1984, with special reference to the characteristics of lung cancer
      in Japan.
AB  - Four hundred and sixty-five male and 159 female consecutive autopsy cases of lung
      cancer, autopsied over the 27 years from 1958 to 1984, were analysed and were
      compared with other materials and mortality statistics, including statistics from
      other countries. Malignant tumor autopsy cases are gradually increasing and now
      comprise more than 60% of total autopsy cases. The percentage of lung cancer
      cases among all autopsy cases was 7% in males and 4% in females. The percentage
      of lung cancer in autopsies of patients with malignancies was about 13% for males
      and 9% for females. The most frequent fatal malignant tumors were gastric cancer,
      lung cancer, and leukemia. The relative incidence of gastric cancer was
      decreasing, while that of lung cancer was increasing. In the distribution of the
      histological types of lung cancer, adenocarcinomas were the most frequent types
      in both sexes. As has been noted in mortality statistics, we noticed a gradual
      shift in the peak age of lung cancer autopsy cases towards older patients. During
      the period under study, the peak shifted from patients in their sixties to
      patient in their seventies; this was true for most of the major histological
      types in both sexes. The male/female ratio of all lung cancer cases was 2.9,
      which was much lower than the ratio found in the United States and Europe, and
      very similar to the ratio of the mortality rates in Japan and other Asian
      countries. It was pointed out that the male/female ratios by age-group in each
      country is a very good reflection of the histological distribution.

PMID- 3687425
TI  - Superficial leiomyomas. A clinicopathologic study of 34 cases.
AB  - The clinicopathologic findings of 34 cases of cutaneous and subcutaneous
      leiomyomas were described. These were composed of 12 cases of piloleiomyoma and
      22 of genital leiomyoma (scrotum, nipple and areola, vulva, and perianal region).
      Thirteen of 22 genital leiomyomas occurred in the vulva. Four cases of leiomyoma
      of pilar arrector origin had multiple lesions. The tumor occurred predominantly
      in adult females with an approximate sex ratio of 1:3 (8 males and 26 females).
      The patients with such leiomyomas ranged in age from 26 to 77 with an average of
      46.8 years. The histologic feature in each case was essentially the same, and
      composed of interlacing bundles of smooth muscle cells, although vulvar
      leiomyomas frequently showed varying degrees of hyalinization and were composed
      of more slender tumor cells. All 12 cases submitted for immunohistochemistry
      showed a strongly positive staining both for actin and for desmin. In our view,
      cutaneous and subcutaneous leiomyomas, excluding angioleiomyomas, are undoubtedly
      rare in occurrence.

PMID- 3687426
TI  - Antiatheromatous properties of elastase in cholesterol-fed rabbits and ex vivo
      suppressive effect of elastase on smooth muscle cell proliferation in the
      presence of hypercholesterolemia.
AB  - The effects of a clinical oral dose of elastase on aortic atheroma development
      were studied in 0.2% cholesterol-fed rabbits, with or without endothelial
      denudation, using a balloon catheter. Elastase slightly decreased the serum
      lipids, but there was no significant difference from the serum lipids in the
      control groups. However, elastase significantly reduced the surface involvement
      of Sudan IV-positive staining areas of the aortas in rabbits with and without
      endothelial injury. The effect of elastase on SMC proliferation stimulated by
      hypercholesterolemia (C-serum or C-plasma) was also investigated in ex vivo
      experiments. The cholesterol levels in the serum and plasma of the elastase group
      were not significantly different from those of the 0.5% cholesterol-fed control
      rabbits. Proliferation of aortic smooth muscle cells was stimulated in the
      control group, while such stimulation in the elastase group was significantly
      lower. Therefore, elastase may suppress the stimulation through plasma factors,
      hence a reduction in atheroma development would ensue.

PMID- 3687427
TI  - Effect of hyperlipidemia on glomerular sclerosis in unilateral nephrectomized
      rats.
AB  - The development of focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS) and its relation
      to hypertriglycemia were studied in unilateral nephrectomized rats. Group A (n =
      6), fed standard rat chow supplemented with 20% beef tallow and 0.6% cholic acid
      for 25 weeks, showed evidence of hypertriglycemia (109.4 +/- 4.3 mg/dl). Group B
      (n = 7) was given the same rat chow as group A, but they did not have high serum
      levels of TG (66.4 +/- 2.3 mg/dl). Group C (n = 6) were the controls and their
      serum TG levels were 53.0 +/- 3.8 mg/dl. The incidence of FSGS and body weight
      was significantly higher in group A than in groups B (p less than 0.01) and C (p
      less than 0.05). In all three groups, rats with over a 4% FSGS revealed
      significantly high serum TG levels, proteinuria, and body weight, as compared
      with rats with less than 1% of FSGS. The serum cholesterol levels did not
      correlate with the incidence of FSGS. We tentatively conclude that
      hypertriglycemia induced by a diet rich in saturated fatty acid may play an
      important role in the production and progression of FSGS.

PMID- 3687428
TI  - Diisopropanolnitrosamine (DIPN) induced rat thyroid lesions. II. An electron
      microscopic study.
AB  - An ultrastructural study was carried out on DIPN induced lesions of rat thyroid
      glands, in order to characterize in detail each type or subtype as classified by
      light microscopy in our previous report. Organelles closely related to the
      endocrine function of the thyroid epithelium such as apical or subapical
      vesicles, lysosomal granules, colloid droplets, Golgi apparatus, rER, and
      microvilli on the apical surface, were found to decrease in parallel with
      structural and cellular atypism of the thyroid lesion under examination,
      suggesting impairment of their function in the malignant lesions. On the other
      hand, observations of transitional forms among the lesions in term of the
      subcellular structure were considered to support the possibility that
      transformation from one type to another could occur.

PMID- 3687429
TI  - Uhl's anomaly as a result of progression to ventricular dilation from
      hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
AB  - A 17-year-old female with clinically diagnosed Uhl's anomaly died of intractable
      congestive heart failure, liver cirrhosis, and protein losing gastroenteropathy.
      Cardiac catheterization, echocardiography and nuclear angiography proved to be
      valuable in making the diagnosis. At autopsy, there was widespread myocardial
      disarray and extensive fibrosis of both ventricles which led to, in particular,
      almost total absence of the myocardium of the right ventricle. The present case
      implicated that certain case of Uhl's anomaly might be related to widespread
      myocardial disarray and extensive fibrosis, which is known as idiopathic
      cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 3687430
TI  - Hodgkin's disease accompanied with thymoma.
AB  - An autopsy case of Hodgkin's disease accompanied with thymoma is reported. The
      patient died of acute interstitial pneumonitis 9 years after the development of
      lymphadenopathy. On post-mortem examination thymoma was recognized. We believe
      that the present case is a very rare Hodgkin's disease complicating thymoma. The
      occurrence of second neoplasia in Hodgkin's disease is also discussed.

PMID- 3687431
TI  - Immature cerebellar astrocytoma in an infant.
AB  - A case of immature cerebellar astrocytoma in a 1 year and 4 months-old girl was
      described. The tumor consisted mainly of closely packed relatively uniform round
      cells with prominent intervening capillaries. Although tumor cells showed
      negative GFA (glial fibrillary acidic protein) immunoreactivity, demonstration of
      occasional bundles of 10 nm intermediate filaments (glial filaments) in cytoplasm
      on electron microscopy confirmed the diagnosis of astrocytoma. Differential
      diagnosis to hemangioblastoma, astroblastoma, and primitive neuroectodermal tumor
      was discussed.

PMID- 3687432
TI  - Clear cell carcinoma of the pancreas.
AB  - A rare autopsy case of clear cell carcinoma of the pancreas developing in a 71
      year-old Japanese male is described. He complained of epigastralgia and back pain
      and was clinically diagnosed as having primary pancreatic cancer. After death due
      to disseminated metastasis and cachexy, autopsy revealed pancreatic clear cell
      carcinoma metastasizing to various organs including the lungs (lymphoangiosis
      carcinomatosa). The tumor was almost entirely composed of clear cells with
      cytoplasm weakly positive for PAS and alcian blue, and negative for Sudan III
      stains. Histological differential diagnosis from the clear cell carcinoma of
      other organs, especially that of kidney, is also mentioned.

PMID- 3687433
TI  - Fetal ascites. A report of 3 autopsy cases.
AB  - Three rare autopsy cases of fetal ascites were presented and the etiology of each
      case was described. Case 1 was a male neonate, delivered by cesarean section at
      32 weeks' gestation, and died of respiratory failure. The abdomen was remarkably
      distended with 1020 ml of ascites. The etiology of Case 1 remained unknown even
      after macroscopic and microscopic examinations. We considered this as
      "idiopathic" fetal ascites. Case 2 was a female neonate, delivered at 31 weeks'
      gestation, with marked abdominal distension and cyanosis. Autopsy revealed 435 ml
      of ascites, and she was considered to have had "polysplenia syndrome" with
      cardiovascular malformations. Intrauterine heart failure due to cardiac anomalies
      was thought to be the cause of this ascites. In case 3 embryotomy was carried out
      under the diagnosis of fetal ascites by ultrasound examination at 22 weeks'
      gestation. An urachal cyst connected to the dilated urinary bladder and
      deficiency of musculature of the abdominal wall composed of loose connective
      tissue with calcification were observed. The abdominal wall was ruptured and
      1,960 ml of ascites was measured. Polycystic kidney with renal dysplasia was also
      found. Case 3 showed "Prune-Berry syndrome" and fetal ascites may have arisen
      from these anomalies.

PMID- 3687434
TI  - The parathyroid gland in metal rickets. A stereological study.
AB  - Rickets can be induced by oral administration of metals. A depressive effect
      exerted by metal ions on the parathyroid gland has previously been suggested to
      be a pathogenetic factor in strontium-induced rickets. In the present
      investigation, rickets was induced in young rats by oral administration of
      strontium and manganese, respectively. The parathyroids were fixed by perfusion
      and the total volume of the parathyroid glands was determined by serial
      sectioning. Conventional stereological techniques were applied on the
      ultrastructural level and the densities obtained could be related to the total
      mass of parathyroid tissue. In both rachitic groups the volume of the parathyroid
      glands as well as the absolute amounts of all cellular components studied, were
      reduced. All these changes were, however, correlated to the decreased body weight
      of the experimental animals. This is well in line with the finding of unaltered
      serum concentrations of calcium and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone.
      Therefore, it is concluded that the parathyroids do not play an important role in
      the pathogenesis of metal rickets.

PMID- 3687436
TI  - Angiosarcoma of the breast. A report of three cases.
AB  - The histopathologic and clinical features of 3 breast angiosarcomas were
      presented. The microscopic patterns were heterogeneous, comprising vascular
      structures in various degrees of differentiation and solid cellular
      proliferations, the proportion of which varied from tumor to tumor. All 3 tumors
      were classified in the third group of angiosarcomas. One widely-excised tumor
      recurred and developed lung metastases 11 months after mastectomy and during a
      polychemotherapy. The other 2 patients were well and free from disease 9/11
      months after the surgical and radiation therapy.

PMID- 3687435
TI  - An apocrine membrane antigen with polarized distribution and hormonally regulated
      expression in human endometrial and mammary carcinoma cell lines.
AB  - The topographical distribution and characteristics of an apocrine epithelial
      differentiation antigen (AEA) were studied in one endometrial adenocarcinoma cell
      line (HEC-1-B) and two mammary carcinoma cell lines (MCF-7 and T47-D), using an
      antiserum raised against glycoproteins which had been isolated from human milk
      fat globule membranes. Immunofluorescent staining of HEC-1-B and MCF-7 cells
      grown in monolayers, or of histological sections of cells grown in fibrin
      sponges, revealed a strictly polar distribution of the antigen. The antigen was
      present only in the dorsal-apical cell membrane. In contrast, T47-D cells grown
      under identical conditions displayed a nonpolar membrane distribution of the
      antigen. Detergent lysates of HEC-1-B, MCF-7 and T47-D cells, surface-labeled by
      the PI(sodiumetaperiodate)-NaB3H4 method, were immunoprecipitated and analysed by
      SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). Two
      closely spaced bands having an apparent MW of 315-290 kD (kilodalton) (HEC-I-B),
      330-295 kD (MCF-7) and 320-270 kD (T47-D). The surface expression of the antigen
      was found to be hormonally regulated. Cultivation of HEC-1-B and MCF-7 in the
      presence of prolactin increased the amount of antigen. The T47-D cells responded
      only weakly to prolactin, but displayed enhanced antigen expression after
      treatment by estrogen and/or progesterone, as quantified by 125I protein A
      radioimmunoassay. The behaviour of the membrane antigen reported here provides a
      new and interesting marker for the differentiation and maintenance of polarity in
      cultured malignant cells of secretory epithelial origin.

PMID- 3687437
TI  - Astrocytes in the prenatal central nervous system. From 5th to 28th week of
      gestation. An immunohistochemical study on paraffin-embedded material.
AB  - The CNS from 30 normal fetuses aged 5-28 weeks were studied in GFAP stained
      paraffin-embedded material. The technique of preparation, autopsy and fixation is
      described in details. GFAP reacting glial cells developed first in the spinal
      cord at 7 weeks, and appeared in all regions of CNS during fetal life in a
      systematic way but with a temporal variation. The supporting and guiding
      properties of the fibrillary astrocytes are stressed.

PMID- 3687438
TI  - Astrocytes in the postnatal central nervous system. From birth to 14 years of
      age. An immunohistochemical study on paraffin-embedded material.
AB  - The postnatal development of the fibrillary astrocyte in 25 children without any
      anamnestic or post mortem signs of disease were studied. The investigation was
      performed on basis of the immunoperoxidase method for glial fibrillary acidic
      protein (GFAP). The supporting function of the external glial limiting membrane,
      the glial vascular limiting membrane and the metabolic role of the astrocytes are
      stressed. During the postnatal myelination of the white matter the immature
      astrocyte changed into the mature form and a dense fibrous network developed. The
      radially oriented glial processes of the Bergmann astrocytes of the cerebellum
      guided the fetal external granular cells during the migration. In the brainstem
      we found minor variations of the dense fibrous astrocytic network both in
      children dead after accidents and in sudden infant death syndrome. These findings
      presumably demonstrate a normal pattern.

PMID- 3687439
TI  - Dysplasia in colorectal adenomas related to the presence of O-acylated sialic
      mucin and to morphometric measurements.
AB  - In a study of 41 surgically removed colorectal adenomas of unselected size, the
      dysplasia was graded as mild in 9, as moderate in 22, and severe in 10 cases.
      Twenty-four of the lesions were classified as tubular adenomas and 17 as tubulo
      villous. The presence of O-acylated sialic mucin was for each of the adenomas
      assessed as normal (19 cases), intermediate (13 cases) or absent (9 cases). The
      absence of O-acylated mucin was in the present study found to be highly
      predictive for severe dysplasia (89%). The morphometric measurements of
      epithelial structures showed that nuclear shape factor and nuclear stratification
      index were most significantly related to the grades of dysplasia. In a
      multivariate analysis, the grading of O-cylated sialic mucin most significantly
      contributed to the grade of dysplasia, and to a lesser degree, nuclear shape
      factor and nuclear stratification index. The presence of villous elements and the
      size of the adenomas had no independent influence on the grade of dysplasia in
      this statistical analysis.

PMID- 3687440
TI  - Ultrastructure of hyaline cartilage. 2. Recent developments in preparatory
      procedures of electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry for the classification
      of bone dysplasias.
AB  - Recent developments in preparatory procedures for electron microscopy and
      immunocytochemistry are presented as a background for the morphological diagnosis
      of bone dysplasia. With the new low temperature embedding techniques and the
      availability of monoclonal antibodies raised against the main matrix
      macromolecules, biopsies have proved to be an important complement to clinical
      and radiological workup and they may sometimes provide the final clue to the
      diagnosis.

PMID- 3687441
TI  - Sodium taurocholate-induced acute pancreatitis in pigs. Pathomorphological
      studies of the pancreas in untreated animals and animals pretreated with high
      doses of corticosteroids or protease inhibitors.
AB  - Acute pancreatitis was induced in anesthetized pigs by injection of Na
      taurocholate into the pancreatic duct. The pigs were allocated to 4 groups. One
      group remained untreated while the other groups received either C1-inhibitor,
      aprotinin or methyl-prednisolone intravenously as pretreatment. Extensive
      necroses of the pancreatic parenchyma, peripancreatic oedema and accumulation of
      large amounts of fluid in the abdominal cavity developed within a few hours in
      all experimental groups. Pretreatment significantly improved hemodynamics and
      increased the survival rate at 6 hours. It is concluded that the most essential
      effect of the pretreatments were reduction of proteolytic activities which are
      secondary to the pancreatic lesions.

PMID- 3687442
TI  - [The antioxidant action of 3,4-dihydroxyacetophenone].

PMID- 3687443
TI  - [Effects of oxymatrine on the antitumor activity and toxicity of cyclophosphamide
      in mice].

PMID- 3687444
TI  - [Synthesis of the dipeptide derivatives of daunomycinone and adriamycinone].

PMID- 3687445
TI  - [Studies on the chemical constituents of Chinese herb hong-ze-lan, Strobilanthes
      japonicus (Thunb.) Miq].

PMID- 3687446
TI  - [Chemical studies on Rabdosia stracheyi (Benth ex Hook f) Hara].

PMID- 3687447
TI  - [Studies on antibacterial constituents from Gerbera anandria (L.) Sch. Bip].

PMID- 3687448
TI  - [Application of differential scanning calorimetry to the study of thermal
      stability of cephalosporins in solid state].

PMID- 3687449
TI  - [Phosphorimetric analysis of amines].

PMID- 3687450
TI  - [Application of the computer in predicting the stability of drugs].

PMID- 3687451
TI  - [Studies on a new type acid dye: patent blue V for the determination of amines].

PMID- 3687452
TI  - [Spectrophotometric determination of hemolysin types and concentration].

PMID- 3687453
TI  - [Study on the benzalkonium bromide ion-selective electrode].

PMID- 3687454
TI  - [Coulometric titration of acaciin in Chrysanthemum indicum].

PMID- 3687455
TI  - [Hemodynamic effects of berberine on conscious rats].

PMID- 3687456
TI  - [Permanent catheterization of the jugular vein and hepatic portal vein in rats
      and its application].

PMID- 3687457
TI  - [Effect of 3,4-dihydroxyacetophenone on TXA2 release from rabbit platelets].

PMID- 3687459
TI  - [Studies on the synthesis and neuromuscular-blocking activity of symmetrical bis
      and poly-quaternary derivatives of quinuclidine and tropine].

PMID- 3687458
TI  - [The action of some tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids on dopamine and serotonin
      receptors in the rat brain].

PMID- 3687460
TI  - [Quantitative analyses of spiramycin and acetylspiramycin by high performance
      liquid chromatography].

PMID- 3687461
TI  - [Studies on the photochemical kinetics of antiepilepserine using high performance
      liquid chromatography].

PMID- 3687462
TI  - [Study on the polarographic behavior of 7-[D(-)-alpha-[3-(2-furoyl)ureido]
      phenylacetamido] cephalosporanic acid and 7-[D(-)-alpha-[3-(2-furoyl)
      ureido]phenylacetamido] penicillinic potassium salt].

PMID- 3687463
TI  - [Effects of gossypol acetic acid on the secretory activity of Leydig cells and
      LH/hCG receptor development in the immature rat testis].

PMID- 3687464
TI  - [Studies on pyridonecarboxylic acids as antibacterial agents. V. Synthesis and
      antibacterial activity of pivaloyloxymethyl 1-ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7
      (4-methyl-1-piperazinyl) quinoline-3-carboxylate and its analogues].

PMID- 3687465
TI  - [The isolation and structure of triptonoterpenol].

PMID- 3687466
TI  - [Isolation and identification of isoangelol, anpubesol and other coumarins from
      Angelica pubescens Maxim].

PMID- 3687467
TI  - [High performance liquid chromatography of quercitrin in Biota orientalis (L.)
      Endl].

PMID- 3687468
TI  - Non-isothermal stability testing of drug substances in the solid state.

PMID- 3687469
TI  - Synthesis and antihypertensive activity of some 3-substituted 4H-1,2,4-triazoles.

PMID- 3687471
TI  - The effect of anaerobic conditions on epinephrine stability.

PMID- 3687472
TI  - Epimers of budesonide and related corticosteroids. III. Synthesis and structure
      elucidation by carbon-13 and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

PMID- 3687470
TI  - Spectrofluorimetric assay of aluminium in pharmaceutical formulations by means of
      the Morin reagent.

PMID- 3687473
TI  - Variation in colour constancy with visual information in the underwater
      environment.

PMID- 3687474
TI  - Development of phasic heart rate patterns during recall and arithmetic tasks.

PMID- 3687475
TI  - Spatial and/or temporal adjustments of scanning behavior to visibility changes.

PMID- 3687476
TI  - Effects of alcohol on speed and accuracy in choice reaction time and visual
      search.

PMID- 3687477
TI  - The effects of movement distance and movement time on visual feedback processing
      in aimed hand movements.

PMID- 3687478
TI  - Effects of gaze manipulation on aesthetic judgments: hemisphere priming of
      affect.

PMID- 3687479
TI  - Making judgments when information is missing: inferences, biases, and framing
      effects.

PMID- 3687480
TI  - Features of laterally displayed faces: saliency or top-down processing?

PMID- 3687481
TI  - Contrasting aware and unaware memory for written discourse.

PMID- 3687482
TI  - Evidence for stimulus-response compatibility effects in a divided visual field
      study of cerebral lateralization.

PMID- 3687483
TI  - Shift in visual laterality within blocks of trials.

PMID- 3687484
TI  - Effects of arousal on attention to central and peripheral visual stimuli.

PMID- 3687485
TI  - The influence of sleep deprivation and knowledge of results on perceptual
      encoding.

PMID- 3687486
TI  - Central resource involvement during the visual search for single features and
      conjunctions of features.

PMID- 3687487
TI  - [Levels of growth hormone and prolactin in the blood before, during, and after
      selective transsphenoidal adenectomy in patients with acromegaly and hypophyseal
      prolactin-producing tumors].

PMID- 3687488
TI  - [Hypergastrinemia in patients with renal insufficiency].

PMID- 3687489
TI  - [Use of the Swan-Ganz catheter in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary
      embolism].

PMID- 3687490
TI  - [Computer tomography of the brain in an analysis of patients with transient
      ischemic attacks and reversible ischemic neurologic deficits].

PMID- 3687491
TI  - The level and stability of residual catalase in cultured acatalasemic skin
      fibroblasts.
AB  - In an attempt to determine the level and heat stability of residual catalase in
      somatic cells of acatalasemic Japanese, skin fibroblasts from an acatalasemic
      subject were cultured, and the catalase activity of the cultured fibroblasts was
      compared with that of cultured normal fibroblasts. Catalase activity was
      determined using an oxygen electrode. The residual catalase activity in cultured
      acatalasemic fibroblasts was 10% of the normal. The heat stability at 55 degrees
      C of residual catalase in the acatalasemic fibroblasts was similar to that of
      normal fibroblasts.

PMID- 3687492
TI  - Cytophilic anti-thyroglobulin antibody and antibody-dependent macrophage-mediated
      cytotoxicity in Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
AB  - Antibody-dependent macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity was studied to determine the
      significance of cytophilic anti-thyroglobulin antibody (ATgA) present in the sera
      of patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Effector cells were normal human
      monocytes or guinea-pig peritoneal exudate cells, and target cells were human
      thyroglobulin(Tg)-coated chicken erythrocytes. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by
      morphological observation and by 51Cr-releasing assay. Normal human monocytes
      rapidly destroyed ATgA-bound Tg-coated chicken erythrocytes by extracellular
      cytolysis and by phagocytosis. On the contrary, human monocytes "armed" with
      cytophilic ATgA destroyed Tg-coated chicken erythrocytes slowly and to a lesser
      extent, and only by extracellular cytolysis. When normal monocytes or peritoneal
      exudate cells were incubated with Tg-coated chicken erythrocytes in the presence
      of the sera of patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, phagocytosis occurred
      rapidly, but extracellular cytolysis developed rather slowly. These data suggest
      the possibility that human monocytes participate in antibody-dependent cell
      mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) in vivo, which may be an important destructive
      mechanism in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. It is also possible that ATgA cytophilic
      for monocytes render non-immune peripheral monocytes cytotoxic against Tg-bearing
      cells.

PMID- 3687493
TI  - Echocardiographic prediction of postoperative low cardiac output syndrome in
      patients with mitral stenosis.
AB  - Thirty-eight patients were operated on for mitral stenosis between March 1979 and
      September 1981. Thirty-six of them were examined as to their age, symptom
      duration, chest roentgenograms, electrocardiograms and echocardiograms to obtain
      various indices of left ventricular function. The usefulness of these indices as
      preoperative risk factors for predicting postoperative low cardiac output
      syndrome (LOS) was investigated. Cases which had values of ejection fraction,
      cardiac index, percent fiber shortening or mean velocity of circumferential fiber
      shortening less than 0.45, 2.0 l/min/m2, 25% and 0.80 circ/sec, respectively, in
      the preoperative echocardiographic examination were associated with a greater
      chance of postoperative LOS. Each of these factors was independently useful as a
      risk factor in cardiac surgery for mitral stenosis. Moreover, it was revealed
      that the combination of a preoperative percent fractional shortening (%FS) of
      less than 30% and a cardiac index smaller than 2.0 l/min/m2 indicated a strong
      predisposition toward postoperative LOS.

PMID- 3687494
TI  - Comparative study of subjective fatigue between automatic transmission bus
      drivers and manual transmission bus drivers.
AB  - The difference in the physiological condition of drivers of manual transmission
      buses (MTB) and automatic transmission buses (ATB) was examined from the
      viewpoint of occupational health. This study was based on a self-administered
      questionnaire which involved items concerning subjective fatigue complaints. No
      differences in the mental fatigue and stress between MTB drivers and ATB drivers
      were observed. Although ATB drivers tended to feel less physical fatigue than MTB
      drivers, the difference was not statistically significant. From these results, it
      was suggested that there was little difference in the subjective fatigue between
      ATB drivers and MTB drivers.

PMID- 3687495
TI  - Cerebellar haemorrhage as a complication after supratentorial craniotomy.
AB  - Four cases are presented, in whom cerebellar haemorrhages appeared as a
      complication following supratentorial craniotomy for a giant aneurysm, for
      tumours in three cases. Two patients died. Intracranial hypotension in
      combination with disturbed blood coagulation is discussed as possible
      pathogenesis. Because this seems to be a rare complication--similar cases have
      not yet been described in the literature--its timely diagnosis may be missed.

PMID- 3687496
TI  - Intracranial tuberculomas: diagnosis and management.
AB  - Experience with fifteen consecutive cases of intracranial tuberculomas, treated
      between 1981 and 1986, is summarized. Histological confirmation was obtained in
      twelve patients, and acid fast bacilli (AFB) were found in and cultured from the
      excised lesions and biopsy specimens in nine patients. Difficulties in diagnosis
      are discussed. A plan of management combining the operative treatment and medical
      therapy of the tuberculomas is outlined. The value of computerized tomography in
      the diagnosis and management of these patients is emphasized.

PMID- 3687497
TI  - Long term follow-up of the surgical treatment of the intracranial hydatid
      disease.
AB  - Long term results of the surgical treatment of intracranial hydatid disease ist
      reported in 11 personal cases. Nine patients are alive 9 to 15 years following
      the operation, only one of them being disabled. The remaining two patients died
      respectively 6 months and 2 years after the first operation.

PMID- 3687498
TI  - A prospective study of the importance of psychological and social factors for the
      outcome after surgery in patients with slipped lumbar disk operated upon for the
      first time.
AB  - 57 patients who underwent surgery for slipped lumbar disc for the first time were
      examined prospectively 6 months after surgery for the purpose of deciding the
      correlation between the outcome of surgery and social and psychological factors.
      The following factors were found to be of importance: Female sex, action for
      damages, prolonged disease of the back; prolonged, current attack, report of long
      term illness, pathological pain producing, anxiety, depression and multiple
      somatic complaints revealed by Minnesota Multiple Personality Inventory (MMPI),
      severe pain reported immediately post-operatively, employment and the presence of
      complete herniation at surgery. A closer study revealed 3 factors which were
      important independently and which explained the other factors: Admission of
      symptom scale (Ad) in the MMPI, the duration of the current attack and whether
      the patient was employed. On this basis we define a group with severe
      psychological and social strain (PASS), 57% of which had a poor outcome. 5% of
      the rest of the patients had a poor outcome. With the pre-operative assessment of
      whether or not the patients are under severe psychological and social strain, the
      outcome of surgery could be predicted correctly in 86% of the patients.

PMID- 3687499
TI  - Experimental study on the reversibility of cerebral ischemia. Residual blood flow
      and duration of ischemia.
AB  - The flow threshold and time threshold for reversibility of cerebral ischemia were
      studied using a canine model of cerebral ischemia regulated by controlled
      perfusion of cerebral blood flow (CBF). CBF was continuously monitored with a
      laser Doppler flow meter, the brain was brought to a constant level of ischemia
      for a defined period of time, after which recirculation was instituted. The
      electroencephalogram (EEG) and somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) were
      monitored and used as an index of brain function. No recovery of brain function
      was found following recirculation if the CBF was reduced to a level below 20% of
      the normal state for more than one hour. When residual blood flow was 30% of the
      normal level, however, recirculation after one hour of ischemia resulted in
      nearly complete recovery of brain function. Significant functional recovery was
      not seen after two or more hours of such ischemia. Nearly complete recovery was
      also seen following reperfusion within three hours with 40% of normal CBF. It was
      demonstrated that the reversibility in the ischemic brain was critically
      correlated to the level of blood flow and its duration. If these results can be
      applied to the human brain, emergency cerebral revascularization for ischemic
      stroke should be attempted when critical flow and time thresholds have not been
      crossed, namely, in less than 1 hour and 3 hours of insult when the residual
      blood flow is reduced to 30 and 40% of the normal state, respectively. In
      clinical situations, this "critical time" may be too short for acute
      revascularization unless cerebral protective measures are applied pre-operatively
      to prolong the viability period of ischemic cerebral tissue.

PMID- 3687500
TI  - Regional spinal cord blood flow measurements (r.S.C.B.F.) in spinal cord acute
      compression caused by an epidural balloon.
AB  - Our study was carried out in 34 rabbits which were divided into three groups (A,
      B, C). In group A (10 animals), a mid-laminectomy of the first lumbar (L1)
      vertebra was performed and the circulation in the exposed spinal cord segment was
      examined using both procedures, the videomicroscopy as well as the r.S.C.B.F.
      measurement (by intraarterial-5th radicular injection of 2.5 mic133 Xe). In group
      B (10 rabbits) after the performance of L1 vertebra mid-laminectomy, a teflon
      catheter was introduced through T11-T12 (thoracic) intervertebral foramina and
      0.5 ml of metrizamide sodium was injected through the balloon producing, thus, a
      36 +/- 1% stenosis in the diameter of the corresponding spinal canal level. Using
      the procedures described above as well as light microscopy it was shown that,
      during the period of the 4 hours the experiment lasted, the circulatory
      disturbances of spinal cord were still reversible. On the contrary, in group C
      (14 rabbits) where 0.8 ml of metriz amide sodium was injected through the balloon
      catheter producing, thus, a 52 +/- 1% stenosis in the corresponding spinal canal
      level, the spinal cord disturbances proved irreversible after the 4-hour period
      of the experiment's duration.

PMID- 3687501
TI  - Rhabdomyosarcoma in the region of the sella turcica.
AB  - Intracranial extension of rhabdomyosarcoma from the face, nasopharynx or middle
      ear is rare. A 16-year-old boy presented with deterioration of vision and
      headache. CT scan revealed a soft tissue mass occupying the sphenoid and ethmoid
      sinuses, extending to the suprasellar fossa and impinging on the optic chiasm.
      The tumour, mimicking pituitary carcinoma, was removed by transsphenoidal
      craniotomy. Morphologic studies, including immunohistochemistry and electron
      microscopy, revealed that the tumour was a rhabdomyosarcoma. This case stresses
      the value of immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies in the diagnosis of
      tumours occurring in the region of the sella turcica. The origin of this tumour
      was thought to be the sphenoid or ethmoid sinus. The pituitary gland appeared
      intact.

PMID- 3687502
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid shunting for hydrocephalus: a retrospective analysis.
AB  - A series of 383 extracranial CSF shunts performed between Jan. 1980 and Jan. 1985
      for hydrocephalus in children and adults is reviewed. Ventriculoatrial (VA) and
      ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts were compared with a special attention to
      infections. The difference between VA and VP shunts concerning indication of
      revision, operative mortality and infection related morbidity and mortality was
      not significant.

PMID- 3687503
TI  - Resistance to cerebrospinal fluid outflow and intracranial pressure in patients
      with hydrocephalus after subarachnoid haemorrhage.
AB  - Resistance to CSF-outflow (Rout) and intracranial pressure (ICP) were measured in
      33 patients with hydrocephalus after subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). Eleven
      patients examined between 10 to 30 days after SAH had high pressure hydrocephalus
      (HPH). Twenty-two patients had normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). All HPH
      patients had ICP above 15 mmHg, plateau waves and B-waves, a median Rout of 59
      mmHg x ml-1 x min-1 (range 29-100). All NPH-patients had a normal ICP level, no
      plateau waves, but long periods of B-waves and a median Rout of 22 mmHg x ml-1 x
      min-1 (range 6-47). Of the 11 patients with HPH six were shunted and five had
      temporary ventricular drainage. Five patients improved and six died. Of the five
      survivors only one went back to work. Of the 22 NPH-patients 18 were treated with
      a shunt, one refused shunt operation and three had normal Rout. Seventeen
      improved after shunting. At follow-up 12 had a normal social life, 5 lived in a
      nursing home and 1 was dead. Thus, early development of hydrocephalus after
      subarachnoid haemorrhage is associated with a high Rout and a high ICP, whereas
      late (more than one month) hydrocephalus may be associated with normal ICP and
      high Rout. Patients with NPH and a high Rout have frequent B-waves and should be
      shunted. Patients with a long interval from subarachnoid haemorrhage to the
      diagnosis of hydrocephalus often have a normal ICP, low frequency of B-waves,
      normal CSF-dynamics and need no shunting.

PMID- 3687504
TI  - The role of ventricular and cisternal drainage in the early operation for
      ruptured intracranial aneurysms.
AB  - In a series of 177 patients with ruptured supratentorial aneurysms we studied
      retrospectively the results of early and delayed operation without aggressive
      removal of subarachnoid blood clots but ventricular and cisternal drainage. The
      early and delayed groups were comparable demographically and neurologically. The
      overall results for the early group were a good outcome in 65%, poor outcome in
      10% and death in 24%, compared to 53, 20 and 27% respectively in the delayed
      group. Thus, patients with an early operation and CSF drainage had better
      results. Permanent ischaemic neurological deficits due to cerebral vasospasm
      accounted for the poor outcome in 10 and 21% of the patients in the early and
      delayed groups, respectively and rebleeding accounted for the poor outcome in 5
      and 10% in the early and delayed groups respectively. The mean amount of
      haemoglobin in the cerebrospinal fluid from cisternal drainage was 6.4 g,
      corresponding to about 40 ml of whole blood, during the 12-day period after SAH.
      The level was higher in patients with larger subarachnoid clots or with
      symptomatic vasospasm than in those with smaller clots or without such vasospasm.
      Early operation combined with ventricular and cisternal drainage is considered to
      be a useful surgical method for patient with a ruptured aneurysm.

PMID- 3687505
TI  - [Reflux nephropathy: clinical study in children diagnosed as having essential
      vesico-ureteral reflux].

PMID- 3687506
TI  - [Transvesical prostatic resection: new technic].

PMID- 3687507
TI  - [Importance of the detrusor pressure/voiding flux test in the urodynamic
      evaluation of the lower urinary tract in the male].

PMID- 3687508
TI  - [Incidence, development and prognosis of acute renal failure caused by
      obstruction].

PMID- 3687509
TI  - [When the Ivanissevich operation fails. Correction of the residual varicocele.
      Results].

PMID- 3687510
TI  - [Ectopic ureter opening into a dysplastic seminal tract].

PMID- 3687511
TI  - [Adenomatoid tumor of the epididymis. Immunohistochemical aspects].

PMID- 3687512
TI  - [Primary fistulized latero-vesical cystic hydatidosis].

PMID- 3687513
TI  - [Ureteral obstruction by a fungus ball in a HTLV-III positive patient].

PMID- 3687514
TI  - [Vesicosigmoidostomy: experimental study in the rat].

PMID- 3687515
TI  - Weight change following smoking cessation: the role of food intake and exercise.
AB  - While much of the interest in the relationship between weight change and smoking
      cessation has focused on weight gain, several studies have also reported weight
      loss or no change. To assess determinants of the direction of weight change, this
      study followed middle aged smokers from before to after their participation in
      various local smoking cessation programs. Measures included caloric consumption,
      available macro- and micronutrients in the diet, taste sensitivity and hedonics,
      smoking behavior, mood and exercise patterns. Smoking status was confirmed by
      determination of salivary cotinine levels. Subjects who successfully stopped
      smoking could be divided in those who gained weight and those who showed no
      change or lost. These subjects were compared to those who continued smoking and
      could be divided into the same weight categories. Subjects who gained weight
      after cessation did not consume more calories but ate somewhat less protein and
      significantly more carbohydrate than quitters whose weights did not change.
      Percentage of calories as sugar, in particular, was increased. Regardless of
      weight change, subjects who stopped smoking showed increased preference for sweet
      taste. Subjects who gained weight engaged in significantly less aerobic activity
      than those who did not.

PMID- 3687516
TI  - Stages of adolescent cigarette smoking acquisition: measurement and sample
      profiles.
AB  - A stage model of adolescent cigarette smoking acquisition was developed and an
      instrument to measure the stages was created. Internal validity was obtained
      based on principal component analysis, item analysis, and coefficient alpha.
      Three distinct components were labeled precontemplation, decision-making, and
      maintenance. The scales had reliability coefficients ranging from .86 to .94.
      External validity was obtained by relating the scale scores to measures of
      smoking behavior and intent to smoke. A cluster analysis resulted in nine
      distinct clusters, including profiles representing precontemplation,
      contemplation, decision-making, action, and maintenance stages. Further validity
      was obtained for the clusters by comparing groups on the perceived positive and
      negative consequences of smoking, and the derived pleasure from smoking.

PMID- 3687517
TI  - Gender differences in acute psychomotor, cognitive, and pharmacokinetic response
      to alcohol.
AB  - This study investigated gender differences in acute response to alcohol. After
      practicing several cognitive and psychomotor tasks while sober, male (n = 11) and
      female (n = 13) social drinkers were administered a 0.65 g/kg dose of ethanol.
      Subjects were tested on both the ascending and descending limbs of the blood
      alcohol curve on measures of divided attention, short-term memory, body sway,
      pursuit tracking ability, and subjective level of intoxication. Blood alcohol
      level (BAL) was sampled frequently throughout the procedure. Females achieved
      consistently higher BALs than did males throughout, due mainly to higher BALs
      among women in the middle stage of the menstrual cycle. Women not using birth
      control medications also attained higher BALs than did males. When gender
      differences in BALs were controlled statistically, only memory functioning
      distinguished the groups: males recorded memory functioning more quickly on the
      descending limb of the blood alcohol curve than did females. Stage of menstrual
      cycle or use of birth control medications did not influence psychomotor or
      cognitive performance while women were intoxicated.

PMID- 3687518
TI  - Affective lability versus depression as determinants of bing eating.
AB  - The relationships between dietary restraint, various affective disturbances, and
      binge eating were assessed in a sample of 73 college women unselected for
      bulimia. It was found, replicating earlier results, that the interaction of
      dietary restraint and depression was a significant predictor of binge eating.
      However, the interaction of dietary restraint and biphasic mood shifts was an
      even better predictor of the severity of binge eating and in fact accounted for
      all of the variance in the relationship of dietary restraint, depression, and
      binge eating. The results were discussed in terms of the possible role of
      affective liability in the development of binge eating.

PMID- 3687519
TI  - Experimental evaluation of the BBC TV series "So You Want To Stop Smoking?".
AB  - This paper reports a controlled evaluation of the six-part BBC TV series "So You
      Want To Stop Smoking?" which aimed to give advice and encouragement to smokers
      who wanted to stop. In an experimental design, 134 cigarette smokers in two firms
      were shown either the first two programs in the series or a control film of the
      same length. Smokers in the former group were asked to watch the remaining four
      programs at home on their own television sets. Questionnaires were sent to
      participants four months and one year later, and claims of abstinence were
      validated biochemically. The results did not provide clear evidence that the BBC
      series was more effective in encouraging smokers to try to stop and helping them
      to succeed than the control film. For comparison with our own results, we also
      abstract some findings from an uncontrolled but larger-scale evaluation conducted
      by the BBC's research department.

PMID- 3687520
TI  - A failure to detect MAC's false negatives in female alcohol and drug addicts.
AB  - Contrary to expectations based on past research, 28 female addicts (all false
      negatives on MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale) did not significantly differ from 18
      nonaddicted female psychiatric patients (true negatives on MacAndrew Scale) with
      respect to the proportion of elevated Repression Scale scores (T scores greater
      than 60).

PMID- 3687521
TI  - Nicotine dependence and likelihood of quitting smoking.
AB  - This study examined the hypothesis that high nicotine dependent smokers would
      have more difficulty with initial cessation of smoking than low dependent smokers
      as measured by the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire (FTQ). Two replications of
      a nicotine-fading smoking program were conducted at different worksites.
      Significantly less heavily dependent smokers quit smoking during treatment. The
      correlation between the FTQ and smoking rate at posttreatment remained even when
      the pretreatment rate of smoking was partialled out. It was concluded that the
      concept of nicotine dependence should be re-examined especially in the context of
      improving the quit rates of behavioral programs at the worksite.

PMID- 3687522
TI  - Acute effects of tobacco on human brain stem evoked potentials.
AB  - Reports of tobacco-induced electrocortical activation have frequently indicated
      that this effect is mediated via nicotine's action on sub-cortical structures.
      This study focused on human brain stem involvement by examining the acute effects
      of tobacco smoking on brain stem auditory potentials (BSAEPs). Twelve regular
      smokers were tested on two separate sessions involving sham or real smoking. On
      each session, BSAEPs were recorded during a baseline period and immediately after
      smoking. BSAEPs, recorded from Cz, were elicited by presentation of 1,000
      monaural, rare fraction click stimuli. Latency and amplitudes of peak components
      I, III and V were assessed and analysed. No significant effects were observed for
      latency measures or for amplitudes of peaks I and III. A significant effect was
      observed for peak V with tobacco resulting in larger amplitudes relative to sham
      smoking. Peak V reflects activity from upper pontine-lower midbrain sites and
      this tobacco-peak V finding is discussed in relation to arousal and information
      processing theories of smoking.

PMID- 3687523
TI  - The effects of program duration on continuance in a behavioral weight loss
      program.
AB  - This study investigated the effects of weight loss program duration on treatment
      continuance and weight loss. Subjects were assigned to either a 12 or 8 week
      program. Subjects in the eight week program (n = 74) had a lower dropout rate
      than those in the 12 week program (n = 52); weight loss at treatment termination
      and six month follow-up was equivalent for completers of the two programs.
      Results suggest that a reduction in weight loss program duration may be a
      practical way to reduce dropout rates and program costs.

PMID- 3687524
TI  - Recent advances in mucosal immunology. Part A: Cellular interactions. Proceedings
      of the International Congress on Mucosal Immunology. June 29-July 3, 1986,
      Niagara Falls, New York.

PMID- 3687525
TI  - Differential tissue distribution of HLA-DR, -DP and -DQ antigens.

PMID- 3687527
TI  - Migration of individual lymphocytes into Peyer's patches in vivo.

PMID- 3687526
TI  - Migration of Peyer's patch IgA precursor cells.

PMID- 3687528
TI  - Altered patterns of secretion of IgA and IgG subclasses by ulcerative colitis and
      Crohn's disease intestinal mononuclear cells.

PMID- 3687529
TI  - Immunohistochemical analysis of human inflammatory appendix.

PMID- 3687530
TI  - Ultrastructural localization of IgA and IgG in uterine epithelial cells following
      estradiol administration.

PMID- 3687531
TI  - Origin of IgA and IgG antibodies in the female reproductive tract: regulation of
      the genital response by estradiol.

PMID- 3687532
TI  - Cholecystokinin-induced release of IgA antibodies in rat intestine.

PMID- 3687533
TI  - A model for Paneth cell study: tissue culture of the hyperplastic Paneth cell
      population of rabbit Thiry-Vella ileal loops.

PMID- 3687534
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies specific for human and rat intestinal lymphocytes.

PMID- 3687535
TI  - Isolation and characterization of rabbit ileal lamina propria mononuclear cells.

PMID- 3687536
TI  - Rabbit ileal lamina propria (LP) lymphocytes give poor blastogenic responses to
      KLH immunization and concanavalin A mitogenesis.

PMID- 3687537
TI  - Antibacterial activity of lymphocytes armed with IgA.

PMID- 3687538
TI  - Potentiation of rat colon intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) natural killer (NK)
      activity with indomethacin.

PMID- 3687539
TI  - Inhibition of natural killer (NK) activity by human colostral and serum IgA.

PMID- 3687540
TI  - HSV-1 infected oral epithelial cells are targets for natural killer cells.

PMID- 3687541
TI  - Involvement of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in gingiva of patients with
      AIDS.

PMID- 3687542
TI  - RFc alpha-bearing cells and IgA-mediated phagocytosis in the mouse oral mucosa.

PMID- 3687543
TI  - In vitro effects of IgA on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

PMID- 3687544
TI  - Presence of Fc receptors for IgA on rat alveolar macrophages but not peritoneal
      macrophages.

PMID- 3687545
TI  - Attempts to enhance RNA synthesis and isolate mRNA from mast cells.

PMID- 3687546
TI  - Mucosal mast cells and the intestinal epithelium.

PMID- 3687547
TI  - Induction of proliferative and destructive graft-versus-host reactions in the
      small intestine.
AB  - We have used the intestinal phase of a GvHR to investigate the immunological
      basis of enteropathies associated with CMI. The nature of the damage depends on
      the model of GvHR used. Adult unirradiated (CBAxBALB/cF1) mice with GvHR
      developed an entirely proliferative enteropathy characterized by crypt
      hyperplasia, increased numbers of IEL and enhanced NK cell activity, but there
      was no villus atrophy or CTL. Although neonatal or irradiated adult
      (CBAxBALB/c)F1 mice with GvHR developed a destructive enteropathy with marked
      villus atrophy and CTL activity, this also required an early proliferative phase
      identical to that found in unirradiated adult mice. Thus, we propose that
      proliferative enteropathy in GvHR is due to soluble mediators released by a local
      DTH reaction but that villus atrophy also requires activation of a further
      population of effector cells, which may be CTL or suppressor T cells.

PMID- 3687549
TI  - Pulmonary cellular reactions to Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula in normal and
      vaccinated mice.

PMID- 3687548
TI  - A model for lipopolysaccharide-membrane interaction.

PMID- 3687550
TI  - Mucosal immunity and tolerance in neonatal rabbits.

PMID- 3687551
TI  - Endocrine regulation of the ocular secretory immune system.

PMID- 3687552
TI  - The effects of moderate protein deficiency or high vitamin E on intestinal
      secretory and serum IgA levels in mice.

PMID- 3687553
TI  - Transient dietary hypersensitivity in mice and pigs.

PMID- 3687554
TI  - Passage of dietary antigens in man: kinetics of appearance in serum and
      characterization of free and antibody-bound antigen.

PMID- 3687555
TI  - Detection of food antigen-specific IgA immune complexes in human sera.

PMID- 3687556
TI  - Flow cytometry: a new approach to the isolation and characterization of Kupffer
      cells.

PMID- 3687557
TI  - Barrier defense function of the small intestine: effect of ethanol and acute burn
      trauma.

PMID- 3687558
TI  - Intestinal absorption of bacterial cell wall polymers in rats.

PMID- 3687559
TI  - Size distribution of serum IgA antibodies to food proteins: bovine beta
      lactoglobulin (BLG), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and gliadin (GL).

PMID- 3687560
TI  - Serum IgG and IgE antibody against aerosolised antigens from Nephrops norvegicus
      among seafood process workers.
AB  - Employees in a seafood factory developed high titers of serum IgE and IgG
      antibody to antigens from prawn (N. norvegicus) which were aerosolized during
      processing. Significant serum IgE antibody titers occurred only among those
      subjects with occupation-related respiratory symptoms, and this serological
      parameter may be a useful clinical adjunct in the investigation of this disease.
      Serum IgG antibody was detected with equal frequency and titer in symptomatic and
      asymptomatic workers. There was no significant correlation between either
      antibody class response and the individual's age or years of work exposure.
      Cigarette smoking, however, was positively associated with the IgE antibody
      response, and negatively associated with the IgG antibody response to the same
      inhaled antigen. Investigating the effects of smoking at the mucosal level in the
      lung may provide insight into how the lung processes and responds to inhaled
      antigens.

PMID- 3687561
TI  - The effect of exercise on secretory and natural immunity.
AB  - Secretory immunity. 1. Intense endurance exercise suppresses salivary
      immunoglobulins. The exercise-induced decrease is specific for the secretory
      antibodies IgA and IgM. 2. The suppression of secretory Ig is transitory, lasting
      at least one hour, and returning to pre-exercise levels by 24 hours after a
      single bout of severe exercise. These results suggest that anecdotal statements
      by athletes and their coaches of an increased susceptibility to upper respiratory
      infection after severe exercise could be related to changes in secretory
      immunity. Natural immunity. 1. Natural killer activity of PBL is suppressed one
      hour after intense endurance exercise. This effect is transitory, since activity
      returns to pre-exercise levels by 24 hours after a single bout of exercise. 2.
      The decrease in NK lytic activity is due to a decrease in the percentage of NK
      cells (Leu-11a+ cells). When NK cell activity is expressed on a per cell basis,
      it appears that activity is enhanced after exercise.

PMID- 3687562
TI  - Healthy children: an assessment of community-based primary care health programs
      for children and their impact on access, cost, and quality.

PMID- 3687563
TI  - [Smoking habits of 12-to-16-year-old students in the Hohenmolsen District. Health
      knowledge and attitude to the smoking problem].

PMID- 3687564
TI  - [Possibilities of social medicine management of young girls following abortion].

PMID- 3687565
TI  - [Psychosocial status of adolescents with a body height deviating from the norm.
      1. On the psychosocial status of short adolescents].

PMID- 3687566
TI  - [Psychosocial status of adolescents with a body height deviating from the norm.
      2. On the psychosocial status of tall adolescents].

PMID- 3687567
TI  - [Use of drugs by students].

PMID- 3687568
TI  - The beneficial effects of joint orthopaedic-geriatric rehabilitation.
AB  - A London inner city Health District has had joint orthopaedic geriatric beds (RU)
      for rehabilitation of elderly orthopaedic patients since 1981. The effect of this
      on the orthopaedic department was studied by means of Hospital Activity Analysis
      data for 1980-85. The results showed that in patients greater than or equal to 60
      years this approach leads to a significant reduction in length of stay for those
      with and without the diagnosis of fractured neck of femur and in the numbers
      staying 60+ days and 90+ days. The combined approach produced a saving of 46% in
      bed-days for fractured neck of femur alone. The relatively long duration of stay
      in the acute orthopaedic unit prior to admission to the RU suggests that
      intervention by the joint approach from the date of admission is required to
      maximize efficiency.

PMID- 3687569
TI  - Altered water excretion in healthy elderly men.
AB  - The renal and vasopressin (AVP) response to a standard oral water load (20 ml/kg)
      was examined in a group of water-replete healthy elderly men (n = 6). Two groups,
      respectively, of water-replete and water-deprived young healthy volunteers acted
      as controls. After 2 h, the old group had excreted 41 +/- 2.4% (mean +/- SEM) of
      the water load compared to 100.7 +/- 8.8% in the water-replete young group and 70
      +/- 3.8% in the water-deprived young group (P less than 0.01). Similarly, peak
      diuresis (7.01 +/- 0.48 ml/kg) and peak free-water clearance (5.7 +/- 0.48
      ml/min) as determined from hourly sampling in the old group were delayed and
      significantly less than both young groups (P less than 0.01) (peak diuresis,
      young water-replete, 10.86 +/- 0.56 ml/kg, young water-deprived, 10.2 +/- 0.64
      ml/kg, peak free-water clearance, young water-replete 8.4 +/- 0.72 ml/min, young
      water-deprived 9.5 +/- 0.88 ml/min). When these indices were adjusted for reduced
      creatinine clearance (Ccr) in the elderly, there was no significant difference
      between the young and old groups. Plasma AVP decreased similarly in all three
      groups following ingestion of water but there was no significant difference in
      mean plasma AVP between the young and old subjects throughout the study period.
      We therefore conclude that ability to excrete excess water promptly is impaired
      in healthy elderly men. This defect is due, at least in part, to an age-related
      reduction in glomerular filtration rate.

PMID- 3687570
TI  - Snoring and dementia.
AB  - The frequency of snoring was studied in 46 patients with Alzheimer's disease
      (AD), 37 with multiinfarct dementia (MID), and in a random sample of 124 elderly
      community residents without known diseases affecting higher cortical functions.
      The demented patients were reported to snore twice as frequently as the control
      subjects (P less than 0.05). No difference in the frequency of snoring was
      present between the patients with AD and MID. In contrast to younger populations,
      snoring was not significantly associated with cardiovascular morbidity in this
      elderly population.

PMID- 3687571
TI  - A sero-epidemiological study of conventional infectious agents in Alzheimer's
      disease.
AB  - Serum antibody titres to Adenovirus, Chlamydia Group B, Coxiella burnettii,
      Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex virus, Influenza A, Influenza B, Measles and
      Mycoplasma pneumoniae were measured in 33 patients with a clinical diagnosis of
      Alzheimer's disease, and in 28 non-demented controls suffering from functional
      psychiatric disorders. No statistically significant differences were found
      between the patients and controls, and it is concluded that these agents play no
      role in the aetiology of Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 3687572
TI  - Use of environmental manipulation and modified informal reality orientation with
      institutionalized, confused elderly subjects: a replication.
AB  - The effectiveness, for confused elderly subjects, of modified informal reality
      orientation and environmental manipulation without any 'classroom' reality
      orientation was investigated with 10 experimental subjects in one ward and 10
      control subjects in another. All subjects were assessed prior to the start of the
      intervention and after 6 and 12 weeks of treatment on cognitive and behavioural
      measures. While the control group showed decline on all measures except one, the
      experimental group improved in ward orientation and cognitive status and showed
      no decline on the behavioural measures.

PMID- 3687573
TI  - The role of computed tomography brain scan in the diagnosis of acute stroke in
      the elderly.
AB  - In order to document the frequency with which nonvascular pathology may mimic
      stroke syndromes in the elderly, we prospectively studied 100 such admissions to
      a geriatric unit. Of 81 patients evaluated with computed tomography (CT) brain
      scan or autopsy only one patient with tumour (1.2%) was identified and this case
      is discussed fully. Nineteen patients did not have a CT scan or autopsy, though
      their presentation and clinical course was consistent with vascular pathology.
      This paper stresses the importance of documenting a comprehensive history and of
      regular clinical assessment of patients to identify atypical features which would
      alert the physician to consider nonvascular pathology. The incidence of
      nonvascular pathology presenting as stroke in the elderly is low. We conclude
      that CT brain scan is not indicated in the diagnosis of stroke in patients
      presenting to a geriatric unit.

PMID- 3687574
TI  - Rectal necrosis after a phosphate enema.
AB  - We describe a patient who developed rectal ulceration after an apparently minor
      injury caused during the administration of a 130 ml 'disposable' phosphates
      enema. Treatment included parenteral antibiotics and a colostomy. Minor degrees
      of injury by rectal procedures are common. Rectal necrosis is a complication of
      injury during the administration of phosphates enemata which, although rare,
      deserves greater awareness. Painless rectal bleeding may be the only sign of
      injury and is an indication for thorough and repeated rectal examinations and
      early intervention.

PMID- 3687575
TI  - Inflammation Research Association. Proceedings of the third international
      conference. October 19-23, 1986, White Haven, PA.

PMID- 3687576
TI  - Antiinflammatory aspects of systemic and topically applied retinoids.

PMID- 3687577
TI  - In vitro and in vivo antiinflammatory activities of C10 substituted anthralin
      derivatives.

PMID- 3687578
TI  - Antiinflammatory benzimidazole derivative with inhibitory effects on neutrophil
      function.
AB  - 5-Methyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethylsulfonyl-1H-benzimidazole (BI-L-45 XX) inhibits both
      neutrophil enzyme release and chemotaxis in vitro and also inhibits chemotaxis in
      vivo. BI-L-45 XX has an IC50 between 16 microM and 25 microM in inhibiting
      lysosomal enzyme release from human peripheral blood neutrophils. In a Boyden
      chamber experiment, BI-L-45 XX inhibited migration in response to fMLP with an
      IC50 of 5 microM. When given orally to passively sensitized rats at doses of 0.1
      to 1.0 mg/kg, it inhibited migration of neutrophils to the pleural cavity in
      response to an antigen (ovalbumin) challenge. BI-L-45 XX also shows activity in
      the developing adjuvant arthritis model, with an ED50 of 45 mg/kg, while
      exhibiting no significant inhibition of cyclooxygenase in a human platelet assay.
      This suggests the possibility that its antiinflammatory activity may be in part
      mediated by its effect on neutrophil function.

PMID- 3687579
TI  - Beneficial effect of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim on accelerated
      coagulation.
AB  - We have shown that the drug combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim has
      a radio protective effect in mice. Since radiation injury is due in part to
      microvascular thrombosis produced by the release or action of thromboplastin, we
      evaluated the effect of these drugs individually on thromboplastin-accelerated
      coagulation. Sulfamethoxazole at a final concentration of 0.05 microgram/ml and
      trimethoprim at concentrations of 0.005 and 0.05 microgram/ml significantly
      prolonged the recalcification times of human plasma. Whether these drugs have an
      anticoagulant effect when employed clinically remains to be determined.

PMID- 3687580
TI  - Structure-activity relationships (SAR) of the 3-alkyl substituents among a series
      of hydroxy-acetophenone leukotriene antagonists.
AB  - LY171883 is an orally active antagonist of leukotriene (LT) D4 and LTE4. A series
      of related compounds varying the position and nature of the alkyl side chain were
      synthesized and evaluated for their ability to block LTD4-induced contraction of
      guinea pig ileum. Maximal activity was obtained with n-propyl, n-butyl, and n
      pentyl substituents with slightly reduced activity for longer side chains. Polar
      groups on the side chain substantially reduced activity. Thus, it appears that
      the leukotriene receptor site requires a nonpolar alkyl group of moderate size at
      the 3-position on this type of receptor antagonist.

PMID- 3687581
TI  - Intraarticular injection of Propionibacterium acnes causes an erosive arthritis
      in rats.
AB  - Formalin killed Propionibacterium acnes, was injected intraarticularly into the
      stifle joint of rats. The reaction was assessed by radiologic and histologic
      examination. A single injection induced a marginally erosive synovitis that
      receded by day 30. A second injection administered in the same joint resulted in
      tissue destruction that was evident radiographically. Treatment by dexamethasone
      and some disease modifying drugs, i.e. chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, sodium
      aurothiomalate and cyclophosphamide, significantly inhibited cartilage and bone
      erosion while nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents had no effect.

PMID- 3687582
TI  - The use of the murine chronic graft vs host (CGVH) disease, a model for systemic
      lupus erythematosus (SLE), for drug discovery.
AB  - Studies were conducted to evaluate the use of a murine SLE-like disease for the
      discovery of novel drugs: This disease is the result of a chronic form of a graft
      vs host (GVH) reaction. Using prednisolone (Pr), cyclophosphamide (Cy),
      indomethacin (Indo), and the isoxazol derivative, HWA 486, we found that only
      Indo was ineffective in inhibiting the SLE symptoms. Interestingly, HWA 486,
      which did not display any immunosuppressive activity, restored the suppressed T
      cell response to the same level as found in healthy mice. We feel that this
      murine model of SLE could be of value for discovering substances with novel
      antirheumatic, and/or immunomodulating activities.

PMID- 3687583
TI  - Drug effects on a novel model of connective tissue breakdown.
AB  - Production of a granulomatous tissue adjacent to cartilage implants in
      subcutaneous tissues of mice by prior wrapping of cartilage with cotton, induces
      matrix depletion and a rise in serum levels of the acute phase protein
      haptoglobin. The granulomatous reaction to cotton could be inhibited partially,
      following treatment of mice with indomethacin, dexamethasone and cyclophosphamide
      but only the latter two reduced cartilage matrix loss. D-penicillamine was
      inactive. Regarding the acute phase response, dexamethasone and D-penicillamine
      appeared to lower and indomethacin and cyclophosphamide to elevate, serum levels
      of haptoglobin, but these effects were not statistically significant.

PMID- 3687584
TI  - Effects of antiinflammatory agents on edema and DNA synthesis induced by 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in the guinea pig.
AB  - Inflammation and hyperplasia are frequently associated in skin diseases. In order
      to verify this relationship, we studied the antagonistic effect of different
      classes of antiinflammatory agents on the inflammatory and hyperplasiogenic
      responses elicited by one topical application of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13
      acetate (TPA) to the ear of the guinea-pig. Edema and DNA synthesis were chosen
      as relevant parameters. All antiinflammatory agents tested significantly
      inhibited DNA synthesis induced by TPA. Moreover, all compounds except quinacrine
      and phenylbutazone also inhibited edema formation. In conclusion, our results
      demonstrate that while edema and hyperplasia are frequently associated, this is
      not always the case.

PMID- 3687585
TI  - A peroxide-induced inflammation model for drug testing.
AB  - Peroxide-induced cellular injury is an important mediator of inflammation.
      Whether the injection of glucose oxidase (GO) with its generation of H2O2 may be
      utilized as an inflammatory model was studied. Anesthesized mice were injected in
      the right hind foot with either water or an equal volume of 10 or 100 units/ml
      GO. The animals were sacrificed at 1.5 or 24 hours post injection and both hind
      feet amputated and each foot weighed. Difference in weights for each animal's
      feet was called edema index (EI). GO produced significant increases in weight.
      The use of GO to produce inflammation may be useful in testing potential peroxide
      quenching agents.

PMID- 3687586
TI  - Diphenyldisulfide inhibits indomethacin-induced ulcerogenesis in rats.
AB  - Indomethacin was administered subcutaneously to rats, 4 mg/kg/day for 4
      consecutive days in order to produce erosions of the small intestine which were
      scored at necropsy on day 5. Orally administered phenidone (up to 250 mg/kg/day),
      a mixed cycloocygenase-lipoxygenase inhibitor, failed to produce intestinal
      erosions, but tended to exacerbate indomethacin-induced erosions. A 5-LO
      inhibitor, diphenyldisulfide, provided significant protection at 10-100 mg/kg
      when given orally to indomethacin-treated rats. Sulfasalazine, auranofin and
      cyproheptadine, but not cimetidine, also protected, suggesting a role for mast
      cell activation and leukotriene generation in indomethacin-induced ulcerogenesis.

PMID- 3687587
TI  - The effects of 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors and leukotriene antagonists on the
      development of gastric lesions induced by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in
      mice.

PMID- 3687588
TI  - REV 5901 and Ly 171,883 protect rat gastric mucosa against ethanol-induced
      damage.
AB  - The effect of the leukotriene antagonist, Ly 171,883, or the 5-lipoxygenase
      inhibitor, REV 5901, on ethanol-induced gastric lesion formation in the rat was
      investigated. Pretreatment with REV 5901 resulted in a dose dependent decrease in
      lesion length. Doses of 32 and 64 mg/kg induced nearly complete protection
      against ethanol, while doses of 1 and 8 mg/kg were much less effective. With Ly
      171,883, 32 and 64 mg/kg doses less dramatically reduced lesion length. These
      findings implicate products of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway in the production of
      ethanol-induced gastric lesions.

PMID- 3687589
TI  - The potential use of implanted radiolabelled bovine nasal cartilage in dialysis
      tubing to evaluate agents affecting cartilage degradation in vivo.
AB  - Cartilage which undergoes extensive autolysis in vitro (spontaneous or
      stimulated) is characterized by proteoglycan loss. Experimental conditions and
      inhibitor profils studies suggest neutral metalloproteinases induce the
      autolysis. In these preliminary studies we compared the degradation of Na2 35SO4
      labeled bovine nasal cartilage (BNC) plugs placed in dialysis tubing in vitro and
      in vivo. The dialysis tubing was used to exclude large molecules (molecular
      weights greater than 2000) like proteinases, and proteinase inhibitors (e.g.
      alpha 2-macroglobulin) but not potential test agents from the implanted
      cartilage. Cartilage autolysis occurred with live tissue but not with heat-killed
      tissue in both the in vitro and in vivo systems. In addition retinoic acid and
      phenanthroline were effective when placed inside or outside the dialysis tubing.
      A potentially useful procedure to evaluate agents which affect cartilage
      degradation is described.

PMID- 3687590
TI  - Identification and quantitation of PAF from psoriatic scales.
AB  - Platelet activating factor was isolated from scales of psoriatic patients by the
      procedure of Bligh and Dyer and purified by silica gel thin layer chromatography.
      The purified PAF was digested with phospholipase C and the resulting diglyceride
      was derivatized into PFB ethers. The PAF-PFB ethers were analyzed using fused
      silica capillary chromatography-negative ion chemical ionization mass
      spectrometry. Different molecular species of PAF were identified by their
      negative ion mass spectra and by their elution time from the capillary column.
      All the molecular species had high abdundance (greater than 90%) of the molecular
      anion. 1-0-Hexadecyl-2-acetyl-GPC (16:0) was the major PAF species representing
      51% of the total PAF. 17:0 and 18:1 were the next abundant species representing
      15 and 16%, respectively. Several minor PAF molecular species were also present.
      The amount of each PAF molecular species was quantitated from 1-0-hexadecyl-2-2H3
      acetyl-GPC used as the internal standard. Nanogram quantities of PAF were
      recovered from 100 mg of psoriatic scales. Significant amounts of lysoPAF were
      also present in these scales. The alkyl chain of the lysoPAF was compared with
      that of PAF.

PMID- 3687591
TI  - Roles of kallikrein-kinin system in acute inflammation: studies on high- and low
      molecular weight kininogens-deficient rats (B/N-Katholiek strain).
AB  - Carrageenin-induced paw edema in HMW- and LMW-kininogens-deficient rats was
      significantly less than that in normal rats. There are three kininogens, HMW-,
      LMW- and T-kininogens, in normal rat plasma, but B/N-Katholiek rat plasma
      contains only T-kininogen. The pretreatment with captopril, a kiniase II
      inhibitor, enhanced paw swelling of normal rats, but not that of the deficient
      rats, indicating that bradykinin released from HMW-kininogen may have a role for
      the swelling but T-kinin may not be released in this inflammation.

PMID- 3687592
TI  - Practolol inhibits human skin fibroblast cell mat hydroxyproline accumulation.
AB  - Despite being poorly absorbed practolol (N-4-2-hydroxy-3-(1-methyl-ethyl)-amino
      propoxy phenyl acetamine) inhibited the accumulation of cell mat hydroxyproline,
      a measure of collagen synthesis, by human skin fibroblasts (DT2PH) in vitro,
      (ID50 0.8 X 10(-3) M). The degree of inhibition was dependent on the
      concentration of practolol used and the incubation time. Neither preinitiation of
      collagen synthesis nor omitting ascorbic acid from the incubation medium modified
      this inhibitory action. In contrast, in vitro generated metabolites of practol,
      using normal and aroclor induced hamster liver preparation, and structural
      analogues of practolol had no effect on cell mat hydroxyproline levels. Related
      compounds, propranolol, (1-(isopropylamino)-3(1-naphthyl-oxy)2-propranolol), and
      paracetamol, (N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide), both inhibited hydroxyproline
      levels. Fibroblasts derived from uninvolved skin of a psoriasis patient (PS1)
      were several fold more sensitive to practolol and propranolol than cells derived
      from normal skin but showed little change in sensitivity towards paracetamol.

PMID- 3687593
TI  - Qualitative radiographic diagnosis of osteo-arthritis of the knee joint in the
      C57BL mouse.
AB  - Experiments were performed to assess the diagnostic value of radiography in osteo
      arthritis (OA) of the knee joint in C57Bl mice. Comparative histological and
      radiographic examination of knee joints from 96 animals showed that if the
      classical diagnostic criteria (narrowing of the joint space, sclerosis of the
      subchondral bone, deformation of the joint epiphyses) are applied, OA is not
      readily detectable by radiography. If these criteria are extended to include
      radiographic changes in the menisci (enlargement, deformation, increased and/or
      heterogeneous density), the frequency of detection is much improved. However,
      except in the severest forms of OA, radiography does not afford a satisfactory
      means of distinguishing between various degrees of severity. The qualitatively
      evaluated data nevertheless do suggest that quantitative radiographic diagnosis
      of OA of the murine knee joint may be useful, both for improving the detection
      rate and for discriminating various degrees of OA.

PMID- 3687594
TI  - Renal effects of platelet-activating factor in the rat.
AB  - The renal glomerular and tubular effects of the platelet-activating factor (Paf
      acether) were studied, by clearance techniques, in acutely
      thyroparathyroidectomized Brattleboro rats infused with Paf-acether at the rate
      of 1.25, 2.5 or 5 ng/min/100 g bw. Paf-acether infusion was accompanied by
      decreases of urinary flow rate, calcium, and magnesium urinary excretion, whereas
      decreases of mean arterial pressure and glomerular filtration rate did not exceed
      20% of control values for the highest perfusion rate of Paf-acether. These
      changes in tubular function were partially (calcium excretion) or totally
      (urinary flow rate and magnesium excretion) reversed after Paf-acether infusion
      was discontinued. Sodium and potassium excretion did not vary significantly
      during Paf-acether infusion, but increased dramatically after discontinuation of
      Paf-acether infusion. Infusion of lyso-Paf-acether or ethoxy-Paf-acether, two
      biologically less active structural analogues of Paf-acether, did not elicit any
      change in the variables studied. These data suggest that Paf-acether, when
      locally released by the kidney in pathological conditions, might affect both
      glomerular and tubular functions, possibly through different mechanisms.

PMID- 3687595
TI  - Mercaptoethanol protects glutathione depleted cells.
AB  - Buthionine sulfoximine depleted the glutathione (GSH) level of mouse lymphoma
      L1210A cells in culture to 6% of control and killed the cells within 48 hours in
      medium supplemented with fetal calf serum or bovine serum albumin.
      Mercaptoethanol or alpha-thioglycerol but not GSH or cysteine added to the medium
      protected the cells from the effect of GSH depletion. Horse serum was also
      protective, and this effect was removed by dialysis over 65 hours and could not
      be restored by adding GSH. Mercaptoethanol alone had a protective action in the
      dialyzed sera. The results suggest that mercaptoethanol may act independently and
      perform the functions of GSH.

PMID- 3687596
TI  - Comparative study on the selenium- and N-acetylcysteine-related effects on the
      toxic action of hyperoxia, paraquat and the enzyme reaction hypoxanthine-xanthine
      oxidase in cultured endothelial cells.
AB  - The potential protective effect of N-acetylcysteine against various types of
      oxidative stress (exposure to hyperoxia, treatment with paraquat, incubation in
      the presence of the hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase system) was tested in primary
      cultures of porcine aortic endothelial cells. It was compared to that of
      selenomethionine (Se-Met), known to increase glutathione peroxidase activity,
      when given either alone or in combination with N-acetylcysteine. LDH release, 3H
      thymidine (TdR) incorporation into DNA and DNA content were measured to assess
      the cytotoxic effect of the conditions tested. Total and oxidized glutathione
      content was also determined. Whereas Se-Met had a partial protective effect on
      all the conditions but paraquat treatment, N-acetylcysteine administration had no
      effect on the hyperoxia induced changes and significantly worsened the cytotoxic
      action of paraquat. On the other hand, LDH release following an incubation in the
      presence of the hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase was significantly reduced after N
      acetylcysteine treatment. No major change in total nor in oxidized glutathione
      followed N-acetylcysteine treatment in control and experimental conditions. A
      dose-dependent protective effect of N-acetylcysteine was obtained when this agent
      was given concomitantly with the xanthine oxidase system. These data suggest that
      in cultured endothelial cells a N-acetylcysteine-related protective effect, if
      present, is most likely to result from the direct scavenging action of N
      acetylcysteine.

PMID- 3687597
TI  - Biorhythmic changes of plasma histamine levels in healthy volunteers.
AB  - The plasma histamine levels were reported to increase in early hours of the
      morning in asthmatic patients. It was supposed that this phenomenon would also be
      observed in normal volunteers. In this study using twelve normal healthy
      volunteers the plasma histamine levels were examined in a pharmacokinetic manner.
      It could be shown that plasma histamine levels flow biorhythmic changes with 3
      maxima and 3 minima. The acrophases of the maxima are 12.77 +/- 0.61, 19.33 +/-
      0.78 and 5.42 +/- 1.83 h. The most important rise in plasma histamine levels was
      found in the early hours of the morning representing about 55% of the total
      histamine available in plasma.

PMID- 3687598
TI  - Effects of a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor (L-651,392) on primary and late pulmonary
      responses to ascaris antigen in the squirrel monkey.
AB  - Allergic squirrel monkeys when exposed to an aerosol of Ascaris suum either
      develop a reproducible, immediate bronchoconstriction or an immediate
      bronchoconstriction followed by a reproducible late response. Pretreatment of
      ascaris-challenged squirrel monkeys with a potent, selective, orally active 5
      lipoxygenase inhibitor, L-651,392 (4-bromo-2,7-dimethoxy-3,4-phenothizin-3-one),
      at a dose of 5 mg/kg p.o. resulted in near complete inhibition of the increases
      in pulmonary resistance (RL) and decreases in dynamic compliance (Cdyn) normally
      observed following exposure to the antigen. A lower dose (1 mg/kg p.o.) of L-651
      392 produced only a significant inhibition of the decreases in Cdyn. In monkeys
      known to develop dual responses to antigen, L-651,392 (5 mg/kg p.o.)
      significantly attenuated the immediate response and markedly inhibited the late
      response. These results suggest an important role for leukotrienes in primary and
      late phase allergen-induced bronchoconstriction.

PMID- 3687599
TI  - Apamin and nonadrenergic inhibition of guinea pig trachealis.
AB  - Apamin has been shown to antagonize the nonadrenergic, noncholinergic (NANC)
      inhibitory system in guinea pig taenia coli. We have examined the effects of
      apamin on the nonadrenergic noncholinergic inhibitory system and its putative
      transmitters in isolated guinea pig trachea. Electrical field stimulation (ES) of
      isolated trachea pretreated with atropine and propranolol evoked reproducible
      relaxations that were blocked by tetrodoxin, but were unaffected by apamin.
      Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), adenosine (AD), and adenosine triphosphate
      (ATP) produced concentration-dependent inhibition of histamine (H)-induced
      contractions of isolated trachea but the inhibitory actions of these agents were
      not significantly affected by apamin. In contrast, apamin virtually abolished ES
      evoked relaxations in guinea pig isolated taenia caeci, and reduced the
      inhibition of H-induced contraction by ATP from 40% to 1%. We conclude that
      neither the NANC inhibitory system in the guinea pig trachea nor its putative
      mediators VIP, AD, and ATP are antagonized by apamin, in contrast to taenia
      caeci.

PMID- 3687600
TI  - The actions of methacholine, phenylephrine, salbutamol and histamine on mucus
      secretion from the ferret in-vitro trachea.
AB  - Methacholine, phenylephrine and histamine produced highly significant and
      salbutamol significant increases in the rate of mucus secretion from the ferret
      trachea. Methacholine, phenylephrine and histamine all produced highly
      significant increases in the rate of output of lysozyme, but the concentration of
      lysozyme in the mucus was significantly increased only by phenylephrine.
      Salbutamol produced no significant change in the output of lysozyme, and the
      concentration of lysozyme in the mucus was significantly decreased. It is
      concluded that methacholine, phenylephrine and histamine are potent stimulators
      of serous cell secretion whereas salbutamol has only a weak secretory action on
      these cells. Methacholine, histamine and salbutamol probably stimulate secretion
      from mucous cells as well as from serous cells. The increase in the concentration
      of lysozyme produced by phenylephrine may be due to stimulation of a fluid
      reabsorption mechanism.

PMID- 3687601
TI  - The effects of peptides and mediators on mucus secretion rate and smooth muscle
      tone in the ferret trachea.
AB  - The effects of a number of peptides and mediators were measured on the secretion
      rate of tracheal mucus and tracheal smooth muscle tone in the ferret in vitro
      whole trachea. The comparison of secretion rate and smooth muscle tone, measured
      simultaneously in the same preparation, shows that there are wide differences in
      sensitivity between the two systems; there appears to be no relationship between
      mucus volume output and smooth muscle contraction. The comparison of mucus
      secretion rate and glycoprotein output in other models and species to these drugs
      in the same concentrations indicates that there may be mucus glycoprotein output
      without an increase in volume output.

PMID- 3687602
TI  - Urinary excretion of connective tissue metabolites under the influence of a new
      non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent in adjuvant induced arthritis.
AB  - The therapeutic effect of boswellic acids and salai guggal in adjuvant induced
      arthritic rats in relation to urinary excretion of connective tissue metabolites
      viz. hydroxyproline, hexosamine and uronic acid was thoroughly investigated.
      Compared to controls, the arthritic animals showed an increase in the excretion
      of these metabolites in urine. The elevated levels of urinary hydroxyproline
      (free, total, nondialysable and dialysable), hexosamine and uronic acid in the
      arthritic animals were found to be slightly decreased in the acute phase and
      significantly decreased in the chronic phase of the disease following the
      administration of boswellic acids or salai guggal. The results of the
      investigation indicated that both these anti-inflammatory drugs could offer a
      partial protective action against changes induced by adjuvant induced arthritis.

PMID- 3687603
TI  - [Color vision in multiple sclerosis with optic neuritis].

PMID- 3687604
TI  - [Effects of aspirin or dexamethasone on prostaglandin E and lipoperoxide in
      uveitic rabbit eyes].

PMID- 3687605
TI  - [Electron microscopic study of the feline oculomotor nucleus projecting to the
      inferior rectus muscle].

PMID- 3687606
TI  - [Effects of an anti-prostaglandin agent added to the irrigation solution on
      macular edema in monkey eyes induced by pars plana vitrectomy].

PMID- 3687607
TI  - [Immunoelectron microscopic study on glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)
      containing cells in preretinal proliferative tissue].

PMID- 3687608
TI  - The influence of prednisone on serum lecithin fatty acid pattern.

PMID- 3687609
TI  - Inositol phospholipids and their possible physiological significance in the
      regulation of the cell metabolism.

PMID- 3687611
TI  - Stimulation of phosphatidylinositol metabolism in muscle.

PMID- 3687610
TI  - Metabolism of phosphatidylinositol in insect flight muscle.

PMID- 3687612
TI  - Direct mass spectrometry of glycerophosphatides.

PMID- 3687613
TI  - Determination of native phospholipids by TLC-FID.

PMID- 3687614
TI  - TLC-FID of phosphatidic and bisphosphatidic acids.

PMID- 3687615
TI  - TLC of phospholipids. Application in biological material.

PMID- 3687616
TI  - Effect of synthetic phospholipids and their metal salts on the oxidative
      stability of edible oils.

PMID- 3687617
TI  - Metabolism and function of phospholipids.

PMID- 3687618
TI  - Comparison of calcium and iron utilization when administrated in the forms of
      their inorganic salts and salts of phosphatidic acids.

PMID- 3687619
TI  - Phospholipids in foodstuffs.

PMID- 3687620
TI  - Products based on soya lecithin.

PMID- 3687621
TI  - Application of phospholipids in bakery products.

PMID- 3687622
TI  - [Clinical studies on 61 patients with post-renal acute renal failure caused by
      ureteral obstruction].
AB  - The clinical course of 61 patients with post-renal acute renal failure caused by
      ureteral obstruction seen between January, 1976 and December, 1985, was studied
      retrospectively. Twenty of the patients were men between 55 and 85 years old, and
      41 were women between 35 and 82 years old. In 50 of the 61 patients, uremia was
      caused by ureteral obstruction secondary to malignant tumors, and in 11, it was
      secondary to benign diseases. We divided the patients into two groups, those with
      primary malignant tumors and those with benign diseases. The location of the
      primary tumors in the malignant group was the genital system in 28 patients,
      upper gastrointestinal tract in 7, colorectum in 12, the urinary system in 2, and
      one was unclear. The benign group included 4 with urolithiasis, 3 with
      pelviureteral junction stenosis, 3 with post-operative ureteral stricture, and 1
      with bilateral ureteral ligation due to operation error. Urinary diversion or
      reconstruction was performed on 56 of the 61 patients; bilateral nephrostomy in
      6, unilateral nephrostomy in 16, bilateral ureterocutaneostomy in 8, unilateral
      ureterocutaneostomy in 11, unilateral nephrostomy with contralateral
      ureterocutaneostomy in 2, ureterolithotomy in 2, pyeloplasty in 2,
      ureterovesiconeostomy in 1, and insertion of a ureteral stent in 8. Of the
      remaining 4 patients 3 were treated by hemodialysis, and the other patient
      refused treatment. There was no significant difference in recovery of renal
      function between those patients undergoing only unilateral diversion and those
      undergoing bilateral diversion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3687623
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of total cystectomy in patients with bladder cancer].
AB  - Thirty-one patients with bladder tumors underwent total cystectomy between April,
      1969 and March, 1984. The overall five-year survival rate was 62.2%, and the ten
      year survival rate was 55.0%. However, 11 of the 12 cancer deaths occurred within
      5 years. The survival rate was significantly higher in G1 than in G2 or G3, but
      there was no significant difference between G2 and G3. The survival rate was
      clearly different between the superficial and deep invasive type. The group of
      stage pT1a or less had a significantly higher survival rate than the group of
      pT1b. No significant difference was detected among the groups of stage pT1b or
      higher. The presence of intramural lymphatic invasion (ly) may be an important
      prognostic factor. Pelvic lymph node metastasis was detected in 28.6% of ly 1,
      and in 71.4% of ly 2. The bladder cancer could be rationally classified into a
      superficial type and an invasive type according to the destruction of the lamina
      proprie. Proper adjuvant therapy should be performed for the invasive type which
      shows ly-positive cancer.

PMID- 3687624
TI  - Catheter-associated urinary tract infections in patients undergoing transurethral
      surgery.
AB  - A study of 75 patients undergoing transurethral surgery with relatively short
      term urethral catheterization with a sterile closed gravity drainage system
      revealed a 72% over-all incidence of negative urine cultures after catheter
      removal. The combination of prophylactic use of antimicrobials and a standardized
      catheter care system is valuable for preventing catheter-associated bacteriuria.

PMID- 3687625
TI  - [A clinical study of 80 endoscopic urethrotomies: an investigation of factors
      influencing recurrence].
AB  - Internal urethrotomies under direct vision for urethral strictures were carried
      out in 80 male patients during the past 5 years. None of the patients died and
      morbidity was minimal. The immediate postoperative success rate was 96.3%. A
      retrospective review of results showed an overall cure rate of 43.2%. In the
      patients in whom the stricture recurred after the first operation, the recurrence
      was recognized in 50% during the first three months and in 80% during the first
      year. Repeated operations resulted in a significantly higher cure rate than the
      initial operation. The results were unrelated to the site, length, width, or the
      multiplicity of the stricture. However, the recurrence rate was significantly
      higher for traumatic strictures than inflammatory ones. The recurrence rate was
      lowest when the catheter was indwelling for 4 days.

PMID- 3687626
TI  - [Experience in transurethral ureterolithotripsy using a rigid ureteroscope].
AB  - We report our experience of transurethral ureterolithotripsy using a rigid
      ureteroscope on 18 ureteral calculus patients between November, 1985 and July,
      1986. The stones could be successfully removed in 3 of the 10 cases of upper
      ureteral calculi and in all 8 cases of lower ureteral calculi. In this series,
      transurethral ureterolithotripsy proved to be valuable for the lower ureteral
      calculus. However, the device still needs to be improved for upper ureteral
      calculi.

PMID- 3687627
TI  - [Isolation of Ureaplasma urealyticum from patients with chronic prostatitis].
AB  - Ureaplasma urealyticum has been considered to be a pathogen of nongonococcal
      urethritis. To elucidate the pathogenicity of this microorganism in chronic
      prostatitis, U. urealyticum was isolated from patients with chronic prostatitis
      and prostatodynia. Using the Taylor-Robinson's method, U. urealyticum was
      detected in expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) or urine voided after prostatic
      massage (VB3) in 40 (41.2%) out of 97 patients with chronic prostatitis and 6
      (20.0%) out of 30 patients with prostatodynia. Seventeen patients with U.
      urealyticum-positive chronic prostatitis, 13 of whom had failed to respond to the
      treatment by other antimicrobial agents, were treated with minocycline. In 16
      (94.1%) of the 17 patients, U. urealyticum was eradicated and in 14 patients
      (82.4%), the elevated white blood cell count was markedly lowered in EPS or VB3.
      U. urealyticum may prove to be an etiological microorganism of chronic
      prostatitis.

PMID- 3687628
TI  - [Current status of male contraceptive operations--questionnaire at vasectomy].
AB  - To investigate the current status of male contraceptive operations, the
      applicants for vasectomy were surveyed. The average age of the husbands was 37.3
      years and that of the wives was 33.4 years. The number of children they had was
      2.4 on the average. The duration of marriage ranged from 3 to 37 years and the
      average was 10.9 years. Fifty-eight percent of the patients visited our clinic of
      their own motive. Few of them had sought advice of a specialist before. Twenty
      two percent of the wives had had an experience of natural abortion, whereas 58%
      of them had had artificial abortions. Methods of contraception which have been
      taken were condoms for 47 couples, Ogino's method (rhythm method) for 12, IUD for
      11, pills for 6 and so on. Eight couples had not practiced contraception before.
      Forty-nine percent of the husbands were office workers, which was much higher
      than the rate for the whole working population in Japan.

PMID- 3687630
TI  - [Urological treatment of patients with spinal cord injury in the chronic stage].
AB  - One hundred eighty patients with spinal cord injury were admitted to our hospital
      between January, 1980 and June, 1983. Eighty-five of them had cervical lesions,
      54 had thoracic lesions and 41 had lumbar lesions. Most of the neurogenic
      bladders due to spinal cord injury treated in our clinic, could be classified
      into 3 major patterns: hypoactive detrusor-hypoactive sphincter, hypoactive
      detrusor-active sphincter, and hyperactive detrusor-hyperactive sphincter. To
      control the hyperactivity of the detrusor and the sphincter, we employed
      pharmacotherapy first and then we performed transurethral resection of the
      bladder neck and prostatectomy (TUR-Bn.P) and nerve block (sacral nerve block,
      pudendal nerve block, obturator nerve block and lumbar nerve block). In the case
      of a hypoactive detrusor, we employed TUR-Bn.P, open ileal flap fixation to the
      bladder and voiding training. Using these procedures, we could make 157 patients
      catheter-free.

PMID- 3687629
TI  - [Intracavernous injection of papaverine hydrochloride for impotence in patients
      with spinal cord injury].
AB  - Twenty-one intracavernous injections of 40 or 60 mg papaverine hydrochloride were
      given to ten male paraplegics. Erection sufficient for coitus was achieved within
      a few minutes after 15 of the injections (71.4%). Tumescence of the penis lasted
      from 18 minutes to 48 hours and the penile tumescence of the patients who had
      reflective erection usually lasted longer than that of the patients who did not.
      The trial that lasted for 48 hours resulted in the fracture of the penis that was
      presumed to have occurred during coitus and it was treated operatively.
      Intracavernous injection of papaverine hydrochloride is available for the
      impotence of male paralegics, but both doctor and patient must be careful about
      the sensory disturbance of the penis to avoid penile injury during erection.
      Further studies are needed to establish safety and long-term efficacy, as well as
      to determine if histological change of cavernous body occurs by repeated
      injection.

PMID- 3687632
TI  - [Statistical studies on bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections (report
      4)].
AB  - The statistics and drug sensitivity tests of bacterial florae isolated from the
      urinary tract in 1983 and 1984 were reviewed. Of the 2,222 strains isolated from
      outpatients, 593 (26.7%) were gram positive cocci, 21.4% were E. coli, 11.3% were
      Enterococcus, 10.4% were Proteus sp., 10.0% were P. aeruginosa, 5.6% were
      Alcaligenes sp., 4.2% were S. epidermidis and the rest were others. Of the 507
      strains isolated from hospitalized patients, 107 (33.5%) were gram positive
      cocci, 20.3% were Enterococcus, 16.2% were P. aeruginosa, 9.1% were E. coli, 7.7%
      were Enterobacter sp. 7.5% were S. epidermidis, 4.9% were Proteus sp., S.
      marcescence and the rest were others. The percentage of E. coli, K. pneumoniae
      and S. epidermidis detected in the isolates from the outpatients and that of K.
      pneumoniae, Proteus sp. and S. epidermidis detected from the inpatients were
      lower than in previous reports. The percentage of P. aeruginosa and Enterococcus
      detected in the isolates from both groups of patients were higher than in
      previous reports. The major isolates (9 species) from the outpatients were more
      susceptible to the antimicrobial agents tested than those from the inpatients.
      The susceptibility of gentamicin, tetracycline and nalidixic acid to the major
      isolates was lower than in previous reports. During the past 2 years, we have
      been routinely using on inpatients the so-called new generation cefem antibiotics
      to treat urinary tract infections. This might be why the number of isolates of
      Enterococcus has increased especially in the isolates from inpatients.

PMID- 3687631
TI  - [Erectile mechanism studied using penile vascular casts in the dog].
AB  - The possible mechanism of penile erection was discussed based on the findings
      obtained by the scanning electron microscope observations of the penile vascular
      casts in the dog. Polsters protruding into the lumen of the distal helicine
      arteries regulate blood flow into the cavernous spaces. The drainage veins from
      the corpus cavernosum penis arose on the dorsal surface and crept on the corpus
      until changing direction perpendicularly. This suggested that these veins were
      efficiently compressed between the tunica albuginea and the corpus cavernosum
      penis during erection. For a high pressure to be maintained in the cavernous
      spaces during erection, a closed system separated from the systemic circulation
      must be required.

PMID- 3687633
TI  - [Adrenal myelolipoma: a report of a case].
AB  - This is a case report of an adrenal myelolipoma, accidentally diagnosed during a
      work-up for bladder tumor. A 67-year-old male presented with the chief complaint
      of gross hematuria. He was subsequently diagnosed as having a bladder tumor,
      which was resected transurethrally and was found to be a transitional cell
      carcinoma of Grade 2 and Stage pT2. During further examination for metastasis
      computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a round tumor (approximately 5 cm in
      diameter) in the left adrenal. A tentative diagnosis was reached based on the
      scan, and surgery was undertaken to remove the tumor. A well-encapsulated tumor,
      yellowish and partly dark brown in color and 60 grams in weight, was retrieved.
      The tumor consisted of mature lipoid cells with myeloid cells scattered among
      them which verified the pathological diagnosis of adrenal myelolipoma. The
      present case is the 16th clinical case of adrenal myelolipoma reported in the
      Japanese literature.

PMID- 3687634
TI  - [Incidentally detected renal cell carcinoma: report of two early small cases].
AB  - We report two cases of small renal cell carcinoma, which were incidentally
      detected by abdominal computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound. Both tumors were
      less than 15 mm in diameter and low grade, stage I lesions. Incidentally found
      renal cancer does not always indicate better prognosis. However, in selected
      patients with small tumors, surgical enucleation may be an acceptable method of
      treatment even if the contralateral kidney is normal. Renal screening should be a
      routine part of abdominal ultrasound. In our institution, ultrasound revealed
      incidental renal cancer in 0.035% of non-urologic patients.

PMID- 3687635
TI  - [A case of nephrocalcinosis due to Sjogren syndrome associated with renal tubular
      acidosis].
AB  - A 39-year-old women was admitted to the hospital because of fever, lumbago and
      recurrent history of spontaneous stone discharge. An abdominal X-ray film
      demonstrated multiple calculi in the medullary positions of both kidneys and
      right multiple ureteral stones. Laboratory examinations showed
      hypergammaglobulinemia and the urine pH level was fixed around 7; nevertheless
      general metabolic acidosis existed. These laboratory data indicated
      nephrocalcinosis due to Sjogren syndrome associated with renal tubular acidosis.
      Right multiple ureteral stones were removed by transurethral ureteroscopy. After
      starting alkali therapy, neither increased nor recurrent stone formation was
      recognized.

PMID- 3687636
TI  - [A case of carcinoma in situ of the renal pelvis].
AB  - A case of carcinoma in situ of the renal pelvis in a 70-year-old female is
      reported. The patient was admitted with the complaints of macrohematuria and left
      back pain. Urine cytology, which was carried out three times using urine samples
      collected directly from the urinary bladder proved to be negative. Drip infusion
      pyelography (DIP) and retrograde pyelography (RP) disclosed stenosis of the left
      ureter at the level of L3-L4. Selective renal angiography revealed no
      abnormalities. Based on the DIP and RP findings, the diagnosis of tumor in the
      left ureter was made, and left total nephroureterectomy with partial cystectomy
      was performed. The removed kidney showed signs of mild hydronephrosis but no
      tumor was found macroscopically. The stenosed site of the ureter had scar-like
      tissue. Microscopic examination revealed that the stenosed ureter consisted of
      nonspecific granulation tissue but the mucosa of the renal pelvis showed grade
      III transitional epithelial cell carcinoma, At 24 months after operation, there
      is no evidence of tumor recurrence, and urine cytology is also negative.

PMID- 3687637
TI  - [A case of giant carcinoma of the prostate].
AB  - A 74-year-old male complaining of lower abdominal mass was admitted to our
      hospital on August 1, 1985. He had also suffered from dysuria and bilateral lower
      limb edema for a year. At the time of admission, two fist-size hard masses were
      palpable on each suprainguinal abdomen. Remarkable venous dilatation on the
      surface of the whole abdomen was recognized. An enlarged stone-like hard prostate
      was palpable by rectal examination. Laboratory findings revealed moderately
      increased blood sedimentation rate and a high value of prostatic acid
      phosphatase. Urethrocystogram showed remarkable compression of both lateral walls
      of the bladder medially and the floor of the bladder was highly elevated.
      Computed tomography revealed almost the whole pelvic cavity occupied by the tumor
      which had invaded the retroperitoneal space upward as far as the level of the
      hilus of the kidney. Histological diagnosis was well-differentiated
      adenocarcinoma of prostate. Bilateral orchiectomy was performed on August 29,
      1985 and he was treated with estramustine phosphate (Estracyt) 560 mg a day. Two
      months later, there was remarkable regression of the tumor and urethrocystogram
      was almost normal. Related reports are also reviewed.

PMID- 3687638
TI  - A case of primary carcinoma of the epididymis.
AB  - We present a rare case of primary carcinoma of the left epididymis in a 32-year
      old man. Pathological diagnosis was anaplastic carcinoma of epididymis. The
      patient is alive and free of metastases 2 years after orchidectomy. Clinical and
      pathological aspects of epididymal carcinomas are discussed with reference to
      previously reported cases.

PMID- 3687639
TI  - [Results of pulmonary resection for metastatic renal cell carcinoma].
AB  - Nine cases of metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the lung were studied to assess
      the efficacy of surgical management. Between January, 1965 and December 1981, 116
      cases of metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the lung were treated. Nine of these
      cases (7.8%), were treated with surgical resection for the pulmonary metastases.
      The overall crude survival rate after pulmonary resection was 33.3% (3/9) at 3
      years and 22.2% (2/9) at 5 years. Two patients are long-term survivors, one still
      being in good health 108 months, and the other 72 months after pulmonary
      resection. Pulmonary resection for metastatic renal cell carcinoma was considered
      effective in some selected slow-growing cases as protection against metastasis
      from a metastasis.

PMID- 3687640
TI  - Autosomal trisomy in a heifer.

PMID- 3687641
TI  - Histomorphological studies of the perinatal pig: comparison of five mortality
      groups with unaffected pigs.

PMID- 3687642
TI  - Passive hemagglutination for detection of autoantibodies against thyroglobulin in
      dogs.

PMID- 3687643
TI  - Haemoglobin types of old Norwegian short tail land race sheep.

PMID- 3687644
TI  - An outbreak of babesiosis (B. divergens) in a dairy herd comprising different age
      groups of cattle.

PMID- 3687645
TI  - Effects of leucocyte extract, levamisole and sulphadimidine on natural coccidial
      infections (Eimeria spp.) in young lambs.

PMID- 3687646
TI  - Virulence, cytotoxic and inflammatory activities of Vibrio anguillarum and
      Aeromonas salmonicida isolated from cultivated salmonid fish in Sweden.

PMID- 3687647
TI  - Herd reproductive performance related to urea concentration in bulk milk.

PMID- 3687648
TI  - Validation of a direct radioimmunoassay of melatonin in the blue fox.

PMID- 3687649
TI  - Bioavailability to chicks of selenium in barley, oats and meat meal.

PMID- 3687651
TI  - Histomorphological studies of the perinatal pig: the unaffected pig.

PMID- 3687650
TI  - Occurrence, isolation and serotyping of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in cattle
      and pig slurry.

PMID- 3687652
TI  - Incidence of Alternaria Nees ex Fries in dwellings of Cordoba City (Spain).
AB  - We have studied the occurrence of Alternaria, a genus of allergenic interest in
      the indoor atmosphere of 14 homes in Cordoba throughout 1984. The sampling was
      carried out by sedimentation on a broad-spectrum mycological culture medium (2%
      Agar-Malt extract) in Petri dishes. Samples were collected every fortnight in 14
      homes (three dishes per home were exposed in the following rooms, namely the
      kitchen, the toilet and the bedroom, for 20 minutes) located in different areas
      of the city and as much as possible representing the various physical conditions
      found. An overall of 727 Alternaria colonies belonging to six species (A.
      consortiale, A. crassa, A. dendritica, A. japonica, A. tenuis and A. tenuissima)
      were detected. Some of them were proven allergenics. They accounted for 5.2% of
      all fungal colonies found indoors. A. tenuis was by far the most frequently found
      species, followed by A. tenuissima (second in number) and A. consortiale (the
      most cosmopolitan) as they were the only species found in all 14 homes. On the
      other hand, A. crassa was the least frequent of all species collected. We have
      also determined the general variation of Alternaria and that of the different
      species found indoors throughout the year, finding a trend with the appearance of
      peaks towards spring and early summer, especially in June.

PMID- 3687653
TI  - Will the real Blue Cross/Blue Shield please stand up?

PMID- 3687654
TI  - Tuberculous pericarditis, a unique experience.

PMID- 3687655
TI  - Better control of diabetes through exercise (personal experience).

PMID- 3687656
TI  - Coping with Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 3687657
TI  - Family practice enlists the power of information.

PMID- 3687658
TI  - Primary care physicians in the U.S. Public Health Service.

PMID- 3687659
TI  - The solitary brown macule.
AB  - The solitary brown macule is a common skin lesion that may be benign or
      malignant. The lesion may represent a disorder of melanocytes, nervus cells or
      hemosiderin. Clinical differentiation can be difficult, and biopsy may be
      necessary for a definitive diagnosis.

PMID- 3687660
TI  - Alzheimer's disease: making the diagnosis.
AB  - Alzheimer's disease accounts for about 60 percent of dementia cases. Misdiagnosis
      of the treatable dementias can have devastating results. Pseudodementia
      accompanying major depression and chronic cognitive dysfunction due to
      psychoactive drugs are among the most commonly missed diagnoses. Although
      cortical atrophy is regularly found on computed tomographic scans in Alzheimer's
      disease, it is not necessarily diagnostic. A relatively distinct onset of
      cognitive impairment is not characteristic of Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 3687661
TI  - Helping the family with a chronically ill child.

PMID- 3687662
TI  - Lithium toxicity.

PMID- 3687663
TI  - Impaired spermatogenesis.

PMID- 3687665
TI  - Persistent cough.

PMID- 3687664
TI  - Myxedema.

PMID- 3687666
TI  - Family practice residencies revisited.

PMID- 3687667
TI  - Ciguatera toxicity.

PMID- 3687668
TI  - Streptococcal pharyngitis and household pets.

PMID- 3687669
TI  - Word preference.

PMID- 3687670
TI  - AIDS and the brain.
AB  - AIDS dementia complex is a major source of disability for many AIDS patients.
      Less commonly, the spinal cord or peripheral nerves are affected by HIV
      infection. Physicians working with AIDS patients must differentiate these
      manifestations from those caused by the infectious, neoplastic and vascular
      complications.

PMID- 3687671
TI  - Gestational diabetes.
AB  - The perinatal morbidity and mortality associated with gestational diabetes can be
      significantly reduced when cases are recognized and closely monitored. There is
      much controversy about the diagnosis of gestational diabetes and the practicality
      of universal screening.

PMID- 3687672
TI  - Spinal dysraphism.
AB  - Spinal dysraphism is common in North America, affecting from one in 500 to one in
      1,000 newborns. Although dysraphic conditions vary widely, most can be recognized
      before any significant neurologic harm occurs. Lesions include simple
      meningocele, myelomeningocele and tethered spinal cord. Modern imaging techniques
      delineate the anatomy of the defect, permitting prompt neurosurgical repair,
      correction of neurologic deficits and prevention of further deterioration.

PMID- 3687673
TI  - Noise-induced hearing loss: the family physician's role.
AB  - Noise is an environmental health problem that has not received sufficient
      attention. Physicians should become knowledgeable about the medical consequences
      of excessive noise, support legislation to reduce the problem and promote
      programs aimed at noise control and prevention of hearing loss. Questions about
      noise and hearing should be incorporated into the medical history, and pure-tone
      audiometry should be a part of periodic physical evaluations.

PMID- 3687674
TI  - Argyria.
AB  - The distinctive blue-gray discoloration that occurs in argyria is due to
      deposition of silver and a silver-induced increase in melanin. Argyria is
      pronounced in areas of sun exposure and in the lunulae of the fingernails. Skin
      biopsy confirms the diagnosis by demonstrating tiny brownish granules in
      connective tissue surrounding sebaceous glands, in perineural tissue and in
      arteriolar walls. Pigmentation is permanent but benign. While the incidence of
      argyria is declining, its recognition remains important.

PMID- 3687675
TI  - Air gun injuries in children.

PMID- 3687676
TI  - Esophageal leiomyoma.

PMID- 3687677
TI  - The spectrum of anxiety disorders in family practice.
AB  - The spectrum ranges from fearful concerns about illness to clinical anxiety
      disorders, such as phobias, panic attacks, generalized anxiety, post-traumatic
      stress disorder and adjustment disorder. Anxiety and fear are often associated
      with hospitalization, heart disease, insomnia, and somatopsychic syndromes.
      Determining the cause of the anxiety may help the physician plan the treatment
      approach. In selected cases, benzodiazepines are useful adjuncts to therapy.

PMID- 3687678
TI  - Osteoporosis.

PMID- 3687679
TI  - Lovastatin: cholesterol-lowering agent.

PMID- 3687680
TI  - Infant nutrition.

PMID- 3687681
TI  - ABFP/ABIM certificate of added qualifications in geriatrics.

PMID- 3687682
TI  - Health effects of video display terminals.

PMID- 3687683
TI  - Risk stratification after acute myocardial infarction by means of exercise two
      dimensional echocardiography.
AB  - To determine whether exercise two-dimensional echocardiography contributes to the
      prognostic information provided by exercise testing in patients recovering from
      acute myocardial infarction, 40 patients were prospectively studied by means of
      pre- and postexercise echocardiography 10 to 21 days after myocardial infarction.
      Patients were followed for 6 to 10 months or until one of the following clinical
      end points occurred: death, recurrent myocardial infarction, unstable angina, or
      coronary artery bypass grafting. Results of treadmill exercise tests were
      negative in 13 of 20 patients with good clinical outcome (65% specificity) and
      positive in 11 of 20 patients with poor clinical outcome (55% sensitivity). The
      resting echocardiogram was abnormal in 37 of 40 patients. The exercise
      echocardiogram was negative in 19 of 20 patients with good clinical outcome (95%
      specificity) and positive in 16 of 20 patients with poor clinical outcome (80%
      sensitivity). We conclude that exercise echocardiography is more sensitive and
      specific than treadmill exercise testing for predicting the occurrence of
      subsequent cardiac events after acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3687684
TI  - Differences in the frequency of ST segment depression during upright and supine
      exercise: assessment in normals and in patients with coronary artery disease.
AB  - Increased utilization of ambulatory ST segment monitoring mandates an
      appreciation of nonischemic variables that may influence the ST segment. While a
      greater frequency of ST segment depression has been reported with supine vs
      upright exercise, the relative false positive rate in both positions is not
      known. Thus, we compared the frequency of exercise ECG abnormalities during
      upright and supine bicycle exercise in two groups--17 normals and 46 patients
      with coronary artery disease. Exercise was performed in combination with
      radionuclide ventriculographic imaging. Peak exercise heart rate, peak systolic
      blood pressure, and exercise duration time were all slightly higher in the
      upright vs supine position (p less than 0.05). Nevertheless, the frequency of
      positive ST segment responses was more common in the supine position, both in the
      patients with coronary artery disease (54% vs 30%, p less than 0.05) and in the
      normal subjects (29% vs 6%, p = NS). The corresponding radionuclide
      ventriculographic responses, however, were normal during upright and supine
      exercise in 6 of the 11 CAD patients and in all five of the normal subjects with
      an abnormal ST segment response during supine exercise only. The frequency of
      exercise-induced chest pain was also similar in the two positions. Thus, we
      theorize that nonischemic factors may govern some positive ST segment responses
      in the supine position. This finding is of relevance for understanding the
      potential sources of physiologic false positive ST segment responses for
      ambulatory ST segment monitoring.

PMID- 3687685
TI  - Interventricular septal motion in acute myocardial infarction with proximal and
      distal left anterior descending coronary lesions.
AB  - To evaluate the ability of echocardiography to detect and localize lesions of the
      proximal and distal left anterior descending (LAD) coronary arteries, the
      systolic excursion of the left side of the septum and the ratio of septal to
      posterior wall excursion (IVS/PW) were measured in 26 patients with acute
      myocardial infarction (AMI) and nine normal control subjects. The patients with
      proximal LAD lesions had septal wall excursions of less than 3 mm, whereas in
      those with distal LAD lesions septal wall excursions were more than 3 mm. All
      patients with proximal LAD lesions showed an IVS/PW ratio of less than 0.4, but
      in those with distal LAD lesions the ratio was 0.4 or greater. We conclude that
      reduced or absent interventricular septal motion in anterior AMI suggests an LAD
      lesion, and a septal excursion of less than 3 mm suggests involvement of the
      proximal LAD artery, whereas septal excursion of 3 mm or more indicates
      involvement of the distal LAD artery.

PMID- 3687686
TI  - Influence of obesity on morbidity and mortality after acute myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - The influence of being overweight or obese on hospital and late (1 year)
      mortality and reinfarction was studied in 1760 patients with acute myocardial
      infarction. Body mass index (BMI) was used to categorize patients as normal
      weight (BMI less than 25), overweight (BMI 25 to 30), and obese (BMI greater than
      30). Clinical features and prognosis were compared in 658 normal weight patients,
      884 overweight patients, and 218 obese patients. Complications during
      hospitalization and 1-year reinfarction rates following discharge were similar
      among the weight subsets. Hospital mortality was 13% in obese patients, similar
      to the 14% hospital mortality in normal weight patients, but significantly more
      than that in overweight patients (9%, p less than 0.05). When stratified
      according to age, 30% of obese patients greater than or equal to 65 years died in
      the hospital, compared to 13% of overweight patients (p less than 0.001), and 17%
      of normal weight patients (p less than 0.01). In patients less than 65 years, the
      obese group had a 6% mortality compared to a hospital mortality of 5% in
      overweight and 8% in normal weight groups (NS). In a multivariate analysis,
      obesity was an independent predictor of hospital death in the older, but not in
      the younger patient subset. One-year mortality for patients discharged from the
      hospital was significantly less in obese than in normal weight patients (7% vs
      13%, p less than 0.05), but not different from the 11% mortality rate in
      overweight patients. Differences in mortality disappeared when patients were age
      stratified.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3687687
TI  - Significance of T wave normalization in the electrocardiogram during exercise
      stress test.
AB  - Although normalization of previously inverted T waves in the ECG is not uncommon
      during exercise treadmill testing, the clinical significance of this finding is
      still unclear. This was investigated in 45 patients during thallium-201 exercise
      testing. Patients with secondary T wave abnormalities on the resting ECG and
      ischemic exercise ST segment depression were excluded. On the thallium-201 scans,
      the left ventricle was divided into anterior-septal and inferior-posterior
      segments; these were considered equivalent to T wave changes in leads V1 and V5,
      and aVF, respectively. A positive thallium-201 scan was found in 43 of 45 (95%)
      patients and in 49 of 52 (94%) cardiac segments that showed T wave normalization.
      When thallium scans and T wave changes were matched to sites of involvement, 76%
      of T wave normalization in lead aV, was associated with positive thallium scans
      in the inferior-posterior segments, and 77% of T wave normalization in V1 and V5
      was associated with positive thallium scans in the anterior-septal segments.
      These site correlations were similar for reversible and fixed thallium defects,
      and for patients not on digoxin therapy. Similar correlations were noted for the
      sites of T wave changes and coronary artery lesions in 12 patients who had
      angiography. In patients with a high prevalence for coronary artery disease,
      exercise T wave normalization is highly specific for the presence of the disease.
      In addition, it represents predominantly either previous injury or exercise
      induced ischemic changes over the site of ECG involvement, rather than reciprocal
      changes of the opposite ventricular wall.

PMID- 3687688
TI  - Effect of myocyte necrosis on strength, strain, and stiffness of isolated
      myocardial strips.
AB  - Cardiac rupture accounts for 8% to 10% of patient deaths after acute myocardial
      infarction, suggesting that myocyte necrosis weakens the ventricular wall in the
      initial days after occlusion. To test this theory, permanent occlusion of the
      left anterior descending coronary artery was performed in dogs. Twenty-four hours
      after occlusion, the tensile strength, strain at rupture, and stiffness of
      necrotic epicardium, midmyocardium, endocardium, subepicardium, and the visceral
      pericardium (VP) were quantified and compared with those of noninfarcted cardiac
      tissue. The relationship between tensile strength, stiffness, and collagen
      content was also examined. These material properties did not differ between
      necrotic and normal myocardium in any of the layers, indicating that myocyte
      necrosis, per se, does not weaken the myocardium. In both necrotic and normal
      tissue, marked transmural heterogeneity was observed; tensile strength of the
      endo- and epicardium (21.3 +/- 3.3 and 21.3 +/- 3.2 gm/mm2) was significantly
      greater (p less than 0.01) than that of the midmyocardium (4.0 +/- 0.3 gm/mm2)
      and subepicardium (5.0 +/- 0.5 gm/mm2), whereas the VP was substantially stronger
      (greater than 100 gm/mm2) than any myocardial layer. Similar results were
      obtained for stiffness. In contrast, strain at rupture did not vary significantly
      among myocardial layers and ranged from 0.40 +/- 0.03 (VP) to 0.53 +/- 0.03
      (endocardium). Both tensile strength and stiffness of the myocardial layers were
      found to correlate directly with their collagen content: the higher the
      hydroxyproline concentration, the greater the tensile strength (r = 0.83). These
      results support the concept that the collagen fibroskeleton is an important
      determinant of the material properties of the myocardium. As myocyte necrosis,
      per se, did not affect tensile strength, we tentatively conclude that cardiac
      rupture may be a consequence of a defect or weakness in the collagenous framework
      of the heart.

PMID- 3687689
TI  - Dissociation of electrophysiologic and pharmacologic stability during an
      abbreviated oral loading regimen of amiodarone.
AB  - Thirty-three patients treated with an abbreviated oral amiodarone loading regimen
      for ventricular tachycardia underwent electrophysiologic testing in the control
      state, after 1 week of high-dose (1170 +/- 88 mg/day) inpatient therapy; and
      after an 8-week intermediate (669 +/- 129 mg/day) dosing phase. Serum levels of
      amiodarone and desethylamiodarone were measured by high-pressure liquid
      chromatography during follow-up electrophysiologic studies. Although the
      corrected sinus node recovery time, sinoatrial conduction time, and AH and HV
      intervals remained unchanged throughout the loading period, the sinus cycle
      length, Wenckebach cycle length, atrial and ventricular refractory periods, and
      ventricular tachycardia mean and return cycle lengths lengthened significantly by
      1 week. They then remained stable for the remainder of the treatment period
      (control less than 1 and 8 weeks, p less than 0.05). In contrast, amiodarone and
      especially desethylamiodarone levels rose from 1 to 8 weeks: 1.29 +/- 0.56 to
      1.97 +/- 0.90 micrograms/ml (p = 0.001) and 0.63 +/- 0.29 to 1.29 +/- 0.61
      micrograms/ml (p less than 0.0001), respectively. Because this regimen produces
      relatively prompt electrophysiologic changes, which then stabilize, early
      outpatient management becomes feasible before pharmacologic steady state is
      attained.

PMID- 3687690
TI  - Effect of concealed anterograde impulse penetration on retrograde
      atrioventricular nodal conduction in man.
AB  - The manner in which concealed anterograde impulse penetration may affect
      retrograde atrioventricular nodal conduction was studied systematically in 12
      patients with intact ventriculoatrial (VA) conduction. After the last beat of a
      basic atrial drive (A1), an extrastimulus (A2) was introduced 20 msec inside the
      effective refractory period of the atrioventricular node. A ventricular
      extrastimulus (Vp) was then introduced at a progressively shorter A1Vp coupling
      interval both in the presence (method I) and absence (method II) of A2. In two
      patients, Vp was never conducted retrogradely to the atria with method I despite
      the presence of VA conduction during method II. In the remaining 10 patients, the
      VpAp interval was longer with method I vs method II; moreover, retrograde block
      of Vp ultimately occurred at a mean A2Vp coupling interval of 359 +/- 153 msec
      (range 190 to 540 msec) during method I despite the persistence of VA conduction
      during method II at comparable A1Vp coupling intervals. Before onset of
      retrograde block in method I, the VpAp curve took one of the following three
      forms: (1) crescendo, a progressively increasing VpAp interval; (2) flat, a
      constant VpAp interval, (four cases); or (3) discontinuous, a marked jump in the
      VpAp interval before the onset of retrograde block (two cases). Our findings may
      serve to elucidate some poorly understood electrophysiologic phenomena.

PMID- 3687691
TI  - Bedside evaluation of sinus bradycardia: usefulness of atropine test in
      discriminating organic from autonomic involvement of sinus automaticity.
AB  - In 55 patients with persistent sinus bradycardia who underwent an
      electrophysiologic study of sinus node, both in the basal state and after
      autonomic blockade (propranolol, 0.2 mg/kg, and atropine, 0.04 mg/kg), an
      atropine test (0.02 mg/kg) was performed the following day. The 49 patients in
      whom sinus rate could be evaluated after atropine were subdivided into two groups
      -group I, 24 patients (age: 54 +/- 13 years) with normal intrinsic sinus
      automaticity (normal intrinsic heart rate and intrinsic corrected sinus node
      recovery time) and group II, 25 patients (age: 62 +/- 9 years) with abnormal
      intrinsic sinus automaticity. In group I, atropine increased sinus rate from 53.7
      +/- 4 to 87.9 +/- 17 bpm (delta %: 65.5 +/- 33) and in group II from 51.6 +/- 5
      to 73.9 +/- 14 bpm (delta %: 43.1 +/- 26). The discriminant threshold of sinus
      rate after atropine and its percent increase, obtained by discriminant analysis,
      was 80 bpm and +52%, respectively, with a misleading classification of 32% and
      36%, respectively. The overall predictive accuracy of sinus rate after atropine
      was higher than the percent change in sinus rate (73% and 65%, respectively).
      These data evidence that the atropine test is not very helpful in discriminating
      between an organic and an autonomic involvement of sinus automaticity in patients
      with sinus bradycardia.

PMID- 3687693
TI  - Effect of spatial separation of stimulation sites on ventricular refractoriness
      during programmed electrical stimulation.
AB  - To determine if electrical stimulation during the basic ventricular drive train
      introduces local effects that influence ventricular refractoriness during
      endocardial stimulation in humans, 10 patients were studied. With a hexapolar
      catheter with 3 mm interelectrode distances positioned at the right ventricular
      apex, the ventricular functional and effective refractory periods were determined
      for unipolar cathodal stimuli of 2 and 5 times diastolic threshold. Stimulation
      was performed with both the scanning extrastimulus (S2) and basic ventricular
      drive stimuli (S1) delivered to the same site and to sites separated by 6 mm. The
      functional refractory period was not changed by delivering the basic drive and
      extrastimuli to the same as opposed to separate sites (273.5 +/- 16 vs 273.5 +/-
      19 msec during stimulation at 2 times threshold and 270 +/- 16 vs 270 +/- 18 msec
      at 5 times threshold; p = NS). The longest S1-S2 interval at which S2 failed to
      capture (effective refractory period) was longer by 5.5 +/- 8.2 msec at twice
      threshold (0.05 less than p less than 0.10) and 5.5 +/- 3.5 msec at 5 times
      threshold stimulation (p less than 0.01) when the basic drive and extrastimuli
      were delivered to separate sites. This is consistent with later activation of the
      extrastimulus sites during the basic drive when the stimulation sites were
      separate. Thus, with this method of endocardial programmed electrical
      stimulation, separation of the stimulation sites for the basic drive and
      extrastimuli does not affect ventricular refractoriness determined by the
      extrastimulus technique.

PMID- 3687692
TI  - Hypokalemia after cardioversion from ventricular tachycardia induced in the
      electrophysiology laboratory.
AB  - Serum potassium is often low after resuscitation from out-of-hospital ventricular
      fibrillation. We hypothesized that hypokalemia develops after ventricular
      tachycardia induced by programmed electrical stimulation. We measured serum
      potassium in 10 patients before induction of ventricular tachycardia and 15
      minutes, 45 minutes, and 3 hours following cardioversion from ventricular
      tachycardia. Ventricular tachycardia rate was 243 +/- 71 bpm and duration was 57
      +/- 87 seconds. Mean serum potassium (mEq/L) decreased from 4.1 +/- 0.3 at
      baseline to 3.8 +/- 0.5 at 15 minutes (p less than 0.01 vs baseline) and 3.7 +/-
      0.6 at 45 minutes (p less than 0.005 vs baseline), but returned to 4.1 +/- 0.5 at
      3 hours. Although no patients were hypokalemic (potassium less than 3.5 mEq/L) at
      baseline, 33% were hypokalemic at 15 minutes and 40% were hypokalemic at 45
      minutes (p = 0.06 vs baseline). A low serum potassium was found in several of
      these patients immediately after the clinical arrhythmia that led to
      electrophysiologic study, and rapid resolution of the hypokalemia was observed.
      Thus, serum potassium decreases rapidly in man after resuscitation from brief but
      hemodynamically significant ventricular tachycardia. This suggests that patients
      with hypokalemia after resuscitation from out-of-hospital ventricular
      fibrillation have hypokalemia secondary to the event. The electrophysiologic
      effects of post-cardioversion hypokalemia are unknown.

PMID- 3687694
TI  - Comparisons between diastolic fluttering and reverse doming of anterior mitral
      leaflet in aortic regurgitation.
AB  - In 27 patients with aortic regurgitation and nine patients with associated aortic
      stenosis, the incidence of reverse doming was studied by two-dimensional
      echocardiography and was compared with diastolic fluttering of the mitral valve.
      Reverse doming could be identified in four of six patients (66.7%) with mild
      aortic regurgitation and in 20 of 21 patients (95.2%) with moderate or severe
      aortic regurgitation (p less than 0.05). Fluttering of the anterior mitral
      leaflet was observed in all patients with mild aortic insufficiency and in 19 of
      21 patients (90.5%) with moderate or severe aortic insufficiency. In patients
      with associated aortic stenosis, reverse doming was observed in three patients
      (33.3%), whereas fluttering was seen in six patients (66.7%). After aortic valve
      replacement, reverse doming persisted in one patient with a paravalvular leak.
      Reverse doming or fluttering was not seen in healthy volunteers or in 10 patients
      with congestive cardiomyopathy. Our data indicate that reverse doming is a
      helpful parameter for the diagnosis of aortic regurgitation.

PMID- 3687695
TI  - Coexistent mitral valve disease with left-to-right shunt at the atrial level:
      clinical profile, hemodynamics, and surgical considerations in 67 consecutive
      patients.
AB  - Between January, 1963, and June, 1985, 67 patients underwent corrective surgery
      for this complex anomaly. Symptoms and signs of atrial septal defect were
      dominant in the majority of subjects. History of rheumatic fever (46%),
      paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (33%), presence of an opening snap, mitral diastolic
      murmur, or pansystolic murmur provided clinical clues to document associated
      mitral valve disease. Open mitral valvotomy was accomplished in 39 subjects,
      while in the remainder (28 subjects) the valve required replacement. Partial
      anomalous venous connection was encountered in 12 subjects. Recognition and
      attention to the associated tricuspid incompetence is a high priority, and 21
      subjects underwent concomitant annuloplasty. The overall hospital mortality was
      13.4%, with no deaths in the last 22 consecutive patients. The period of follow
      up ranged from 1 year to 22 years, with a mean +/- SD of 9.34 +/- 6.61 years. We
      believe, with other authors, that since the hemodynamic and therapeutic
      considerations are very similar, both the stenotic and regurgitant lesions should
      be included in the same syndrome.

PMID- 3687696
TI  - Abnormalities of the coronary circulation in pulmonary atresia and intact
      ventricular septum.
AB  - To identify developmental aspects and establish morphologic criteria useful for
      clinical recognition of sinusoids and coronary artery abnormalities in pulmonary
      atresia and intact ventricular septum, we studied 17 autopsy hearts with this
      lesion. Hearts from age- and weight-matched infants served as controls. There
      were two stillborn fetuses, 12 full-term neonates, and 3 infants. None of the
      eight hearts with normal or large-sized right ventricular chambers had sinusoids
      or coronary artery abnormalities. Five of nine hearts with small right
      ventricular chambers had sinusoids; all five lacked trabecular and outlet
      portions of the ventricle. Four of these five contained major coronary artery
      abnormalities: atrophy of one or both coronaries proximal to a communication
      between a sinusoid and the coronary artery. We conclude (1) there is a strong
      association between the presence of sinusoids and coronary anomalies, supporting
      the developmental concept of abnormal persistence of embryonic right ventricular
      sinusoid--coronary artery communications in pulmonary atresia and intact
      ventricular septum; (2) the absence of trabecular and outlet portions of the
      small right ventricle indicates a strong possibility of coronary artery
      abnormalities; and (3) this initial report of a fully-developed lesion in a mid
      gestation fetus documents that the coronary artery problem may arise early in
      fetal life.

PMID- 3687697
TI  - Coarctation repair without cardiac catheterization in infants.
AB  - Of 35 infants who underwent an operation for coarctation of the aorta, 15 did not
      undergo cardiac catheterization before surgery. The diagnoses in all
      uncatheterized patients were made by clinical examination, chest radiography,
      ECG, and two-dimensional echocardiography combined with pulsed Doppler
      echocardiography. Associated anomalies diagnosed by two-dimensional/Doppler
      echocardiography included a patent ductus arteriosus in all patients, bicuspid
      aortic valve in six, small ventricular septal defect in four, and complete common
      atrioventricular canal in one. In no instance was the diagnosis of coarctation in
      error. In addition, the clinical significance of the ventricular septal defect
      was judged correctly by two-dimensional echocardiography, and no patient required
      an early reoperation because of significant left-to-right shunt. Two significant
      lesions were missed in one patient each: mitral stenosis and aortic stenosis.
      These diagnoses were missed in patients who were first seen with either profound
      congestive heart failure or shock. Coarctation of the aorta and associated
      lesions can be diagnosed accurately by two-dimensional echocardiography. This
      permits proper patient management without the added risk of cardiac
      catheterization. Although mitral and aortic lesions may be missed because of low
      cardiac output, this does not result in management errors.

PMID- 3687698
TI  - Clinical suspicion of autopsy-proven thrombotic and tumor pulmonary embolism in
      cancer patients.
AB  - Cancer patients are prone to both thrombotic and tumor pulmonary embolism (PE).
      To identify similarities and differences in their clinical features, we reviewed
      all autopsies from 1978 to 1982 at Brigham and Women's Hospital and the Dana
      Farber Cancer Institute. Of 73 patients with solid malignant tumors and PE, 56
      had major thrombotic PE and 17 had major tumor embolism to the lungs. Of the 56
      with cancer and thrombotic PE, 25 (45%) had the correct diagnosis suspected
      antemortem. By contrast, only 1 of 17 (6%) patients with tumor embolism was
      diagnosed correctly antemortem (p = 0.005). Most presenting symptoms, signs,
      laboratory values, and associated conditions were not markedly different in
      patients with thrombotic PE and tumor embolism. These findings indicate that
      tumor PE is more difficult to diagnose clinically and may be misdiagnosed as
      thrombotic PE. Finally, these data suggest that in all cancer patients, the
      presence of both thrombotic and tumor PE should be considered because of
      similarities in their clinical features.

PMID- 3687699
TI  - Amiodarone for sustained ventricular tachycardia: efficacy, safety, and factors
      influencing long-term outcome.

PMID- 3687700
TI  - Two-dimensional echocardiography and color Doppler imaging in patients with
      systolic-diastolic murmurs.
AB  - Characteristics of color-coded Doppler imaging combined with two-dimensional and
      M-mode echocardiography in six patients with systolic-diastolic murmurs are
      reported. PDA, congenital absence of pulmonary valve leaflets, ventricular septal
      defect and aortic regurgitation, two ruptured aneurysms of sinus of Valsalva, and
      a coronary fistula were identified and findings were corroborated in cardiac
      catheterization and/or surgery. Color-coded Doppler imaging increases the
      information of the echocardiographic method in differential diagnosis of these
      entities by characterizing flow in cardiac chambers more completely and by
      facilitating detection of associated defects.

PMID- 3687701
TI  - Angioscopy of blood flow through stenotic arteries: rheologic mechanism of
      thrombosis.

PMID- 3687702
TI  - Serial Doppler echocardiographic evaluation of an acutely thrombosed mitral valve
      prosthesis during thrombolytic therapy.

PMID- 3687703
TI  - Limits of mitral valve apparatus distensibility: observations from balloon mitral
      valvotomy in a canine model.

PMID- 3687705
TI  - Echocardiographic diagnosis of anastomotic stricture following surgical
      correction of supracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection.

PMID- 3687704
TI  - Successful catheter ablation of a noninducible ventricular tachycardia.

PMID- 3687706
TI  - Right heart thromboembolism and suspected paradoxical embolism in Ebstein's
      anomaly.

PMID- 3687707
TI  - Late onset dilated cardiomyopathy in a unique familial syndrome of hypogonadism
      and metabolic abnormalities.

PMID- 3687708
TI  - Clinical laser revascularization of coronary obstruction with the coaxial-guided
      laser-heated metal cap catheter.

PMID- 3687709
TI  - Smoking plus hypercholesterolemia and coronary risk.

PMID- 3687710
TI  - Anterior plus inferior myocardial infarction and single-vessel disease.

PMID- 3687711
TI  - Etiologic spectrum of constrictive pericarditis.

PMID- 3687712
TI  - Reproducibility of defibrillation threshold.

PMID- 3687713
TI  - Simplified Doppler estimation of mitral valve area.

PMID- 3687714
TI  - High-degree AV block in the endurance athlete.

PMID- 3687715
TI  - Postural-induced complete heart block.

PMID- 3687716
TI  - Hypokalemia in acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3687717
TI  - Non-Q wave myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3687718
TI  - Aortic pseudoaneurysm with right atrial communication shown by Doppler color flow
      imaging.

PMID- 3687720
TI  - Planning for the future.

PMID- 3687719
TI  - What is the meaning of angina pectoris today?

PMID- 3687721
TI  - APhA activities. Fighting physician dispensing. A chronology.

PMID- 3687722
TI  - Random drug screenings: nothing to lose?

PMID- 3687723
TI  - Miconazole. A monograph.

PMID- 3687725
TI  - Therapy for chronic asthma.

PMID- 3687724
TI  - Attitudes about physician dispensing among pharmacists, physicians, and patients.

PMID- 3687726
TI  - Human factors in chemical containment laboratory design.
AB  - A human factors engineering analysis of a chemical containment laboratory was
      performed to develop appropriate standards for future laboratory design. In order
      to perform this evaluation, a state-of-the-art facility was studied in depth.
      Measurements and observations were made of key operating areas. In addition,
      technicians were observed and interviewed as they performed various tasks.
      Compiled data were compared to existing ergonomic standards. The occupational
      implications of instituting ergonomically developed laboratory design standards
      are as follows: increased worker health, safety and productivity, improved work
      quality and reduced stress.

PMID- 3687727
TI  - An ion chromatographic method for insoluble chromates in paint aerosol.
AB  - Potential exposure to Cr(VI) extends to over a million U.S. workers in the
      plating, paint, steel, tanning and chrome ore processing industries.
      Historically, Cr(VI) exposure has been monitored using a colorimetric method.
      This colorimetric method requires acidification of the sample for color
      development, a step that could cause reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III), thus
      underestimating the Cr(VI) content of the sample. A new method of analysis has
      been developed that uses ion chromatography (IC) for the measurement and which
      does not require acidification of the sample. In this method, the same extraction
      solution of hot 2% NaOH and 3% Na2CO3 as used in the earlier methods is used to
      dissolve both soluble and insoluble chromates (e.g., PbCrO4, ZnCrO4 and BaCrO4),
      but it can be carried through the method with only a dilution step before sample
      injection. Therefore, this method has the advantage of minimizing the potential
      for Cr(VI) loss by reduction. Another advantage is provided by the IC measurement
      step, which is not interfered with by colored samples that may affect the
      colorimetric method. The new method was tested with filter samples of paint
      aerosol containing PbCrO4 and ZnCrO4. Complete extraction of Cr(VI) from the
      filter samples was verified by comparison to an independent method in which the
      filter was completely ashed and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-atomic
      emission spectroscopy method. Nothing in the paint samples interfered with the
      Cr(VI) measurement, nor did five common anions used in a separate test. The
      method had the sensitivity needed for monitoring at the ACGIH TLV of 0.05 mg
      Cr(VI)/m3.

PMID- 3687728
TI  - Performance of dust respirators with facial seal leaks: I. Experimental.
AB  - The ability of representative half-mask and single-use respirators with facial
      seal leaks to provide protection against aerosols was evaluated by experimental
      measurement. Respirators were mounted on a manikin in a test chamber and operated
      at seven steady flow rates over the range of 2 to 150 L/min. Samples of
      polydisperse and monodisperse aerosols were taken from inside and outside the
      respirator and analyzed by a calibrated optical particle counter over the
      particle-size range 0.1 to 11.3 microns. Measurements were made separately for
      filter performance as a function of particle size and flow rate, and simulated
      leak performance (penetration) as a function of particle size, pressure drop, and
      leak size. Flow rate vs. pressure drop measurements were made for all filters and
      leaks tested. For a given leak condition the percentage of the total flow
      traversing the leak varied several fold over the usual range of airflow rates
      through a respirator. Aerosol penetration was found to depend strongly on
      particle size and flow rate for filters, and to depend strongly on particle size
      and less strongly on pressure drop for leaks. One can conclude from these
      measurements that the aerosol-size distribution inside a respirator will nearly
      always be significantly different from that outside the respirator.

PMID- 3687729
TI  - Particle size-dependent leakage and losses of aerosols in respirators.
AB  - Measuring particle size-dependent leakage into and losses inside a respirator
      reveals the deposition mechanisms occurring at the leak site and the flow
      dynamics inside the respirator. This study investigated particle size-dependent
      leakage and deposition within the mask by examining the leakage into the mask for
      different hole locations, probe locations, hole shapes, hole lengths and hole
      sizes. The shape of the leak has an effect on particle size-dependent leakage.
      Probe and leak location tests indicated that not only does the total measured
      leakage change but also the size-dependence of the leakage changes depending on
      the leak and probe locations. When the leak site is in the chin area, the clean
      air entering through the filters at the chin helps to carry the inward leakage
      into the breathing zone. Particle size-dependent leakage does occur and is due to
      both inertial entry losses at the leak site and within the mask, and diffusional
      losses within the mask and leak site. Particle size-dependent curves change shape
      as the hole size changes with relatively more larger particles entering through
      the small hole size.

PMID- 3687730
TI  - The effect of aerosol size distribution and measurement method on respirator fit.
AB  - The particle size-dependent leakage into a respirator was examined by measuring
      the leakage of particle sizes between 0.07 to 4.4 microns through three hole
      sizes in a negative-pressure half-mask respirator worn by a human subject. This
      investigation showed that the size distribution of an aerosol test agent and the
      measurement method have an effect on the leakage measured in a quantitative fit
      test. For instance, the ratio of percent leakage measured by light scattering
      between test aerosols with count median diameters of 2.2 and 0.28 microns can be
      as large at 5:1. Likewise, the ratio of the percent leakage measured by a
      particle count method vs. a mass method of detection of the same polydisperse
      aerosol with a count median diameter equal to 2.2 microns can be as high as 4:1.
      The mass leakage into a mask with a leak is also greater for an exposure aerosol
      with a count median diameter between 0.15 to 0.30 micron compared to exposure
      aerosols with larger count median diameters for aerosols with the same mass
      concentration.

PMID- 3687731
TI  - Industrial impulse noise, crest factor and the effect of earmuffs.
AB  - Noise measurements were taken inside and outside earmuffs worn by 238 workers at
      21 industrial plants in order to evaluate exposure to noise and to measure the
      attenuation by earmuffs used at workplaces. The means of the equivalent noise
      levels were 93 dB outside the earmuffs and 76 dB inside them. The mean earmuff
      attenuation was 17 dB. The standard deviations of each of these three values was
      6 dB. Thus 90% of the employees wearing earmuffs experienced equivalent noise
      levels of lower than 85 dB(A) inside the earmuffs. In addition to equivalent
      noise level, the impulsiveness of the noise was determined based on the
      cumulative distribution of the crest factor of the signal. The impulse percentage
      F15 denotes the percentage of the total measurement time when the peak level
      exceeds the rms level by at least 15 dB. The mean impulse percentage F15 was 1.6%
      outside earmuffs and 0.8% inside earmuffs. The results showed that earmuffs also
      attenuated the impulsiveness of noise. The shipyard noise had the highest impulse
      percentage; the noise in printing plants and papermills had the lowest impulse
      percentage.

PMID- 3687733
TI  - Application of geostatistical methods for estimation of the dispersion variance
      of occupational exposures.
AB  - Exposures to potentially hazardous agents are, like ore grades, regionalized
      variables. They present an autocorrelation structure and this should to be taken
      into account in estimating time-averaged exposures. Originally developed in
      France, geostatistics--which include autocorrelation modelling--have provided a
      coherent, complete and efficient approach for the estimation of exposures. The
      power and advantage of the simplest geostatistical approach are demonstrated by
      an example. Although initially developed to solve problems within the mining
      industry, geostatistics have found applications in domains as varied as
      hydrogeology, meteorology, forestry, cartography, geophysics, oil reservoir
      characterization, etc. The object of this paper, therefore, is to review this
      approach and to promote the extension of geostatistical methods into the fields
      of environmental and occupational hygiene.

PMID- 3687732
TI  - Species differences in the distribution of inhaled butadiene in tissues.
AB  - 1,3-Butadiene is produced commercially for use in the manufacture of elastomers,
      polymers and other chemicals. Recent inhalation carcinogenicity studies of
      butadiene indicate that B6C3F1 mice are more sensitive to the tumorigenic effects
      of inhaled butadiene than are Sprague Dawley rats. The purpose of this
      investigation was to determine if there were differences in distribution in
      tissues of inhaled butadiene between rats and mice. Male Sprague Dawley rats and
      B6C3F1 mice were exposed nose-only for 3.4 hr to (mean +/- SE) 1220 +/- 71
      micrograms 14C-butadiene/L air and 121 +/- 2 micrograms 14C-butadiene/L air,
      respectively. Radioactivity was distributed widely in tissues immediately
      following exposure of both rats and mice to 14C-butadiene. In both species,
      respiratory tract tissue (lung, trachea, nasal turbinates), gastrointestinal
      tract (small and large intestine), liver, kidneys, urinary bladder and pancreas
      contained high concentrations of radioactivity within 1 hr after the end of
      exposure. In all cases, tissues of mice contained 15 to 100 times the
      concentration of 14C-butadiene equivalents per mumole of butadiene inhaled than
      did rats. For both rats and mice, elimination of 14C from tissues and blood was
      rapid, with 77% to 99% of the initial tissue burden being eliminated with half
      times of 2 to 10 hr. Within 1 hr after the end of exposure, all rat tissues
      retained a substantial amount of 14C that was associated with volatile material
      (20% to 40% of the total 14C in tissues) that was probably butadiene and/or
      metabolites. A similar observation was noted in mouse liver, the only tissue of
      mice examined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3687734
TI  - Evaluation of worker exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
AB  - A sampling and analytical method was selected to determine the physical and
      chemical nature of worker exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). It
      consists of filter and sorbent tube sampling followed by benzene extraction and
      analysis of 12 different PAHs with a gas chromatograph connected to a mass
      spectrometer. This method has undergone extensive field trials. Sampling
      temperature, inorganic and organic interferences have an effect on the results as
      they do on the standard gravimetric method of benzene-solubles. A combination of
      the gravimetric method and the particulate and gaseous concentration profile of
      12 PAHs is necessary to obtain an informative evaluation of worker exposure. This
      approach was used to demonstrate that workers in paving and roofing operations
      and on some worksites in the steel and silicon carbide industries show an
      exposure profile that suggests minimal health risk and is largely different from
      the exposure of workers in aluminum refineries, refractory brick laying and most
      other worksites in the silicon carbide industry.

PMID- 3687735
TI  - A personal sampling method for the determination of styrene exposure.
AB  - A diffusive sampler, which is suitable for the determination of time-weighted
      average personal and static exposures to styrene, is described. The sampler is
      based on a commercially available tube design that is amenable to fully-automated
      thermal desorption. The performance of the sampler has been evaluated using a
      protocol, developed by the U.K. Health and Safety Executive, involving both
      laboratory and field experiments. The sampler has been shown to give results that
      are similar both in magnitude and precision to those obtained using conventional
      sorbent tube and pump methods. The diffusive method is preferred because of its
      simplicity and convenience.

PMID- 3687736
TI  - Development of a sampling and analytical method for measuring the epoxy content
      of aerosols: I. Development of the analytical method.
AB  - A method has been developed for determining the quantity of the epoxide
      functional group in pure epoxy resins, resins in partially-cured mixtures with
      amine curing agents, and commercial epoxy surface coatings. The method is based
      upon the reaction of the epoxide group with bromide in the presence of acid, with
      measurement of excess bromide in the reaction mixture by normal pulse
      polarography. The method extends the range of previously reported methods for
      epoxy analysis to samples containing 1 to 100 microequivalents (microeq) of
      epoxide functionality, while maintaining good precision and accuracy (coefficient
      of variation less than 0.06; accuracy within 2% of expected). The method has been
      developed for application to analysis of the epoxy content of environmental
      aerosols such as those of epoxy paint sprays.

PMID- 3687738
TI  - The urinary concentration of solvents as a biological indicator of exposure:
      proposal for the biological equivalent exposure limit for nine solvents.
AB  - Organic solvents are generally volatile substances that are absorbed mainly
      through the lungs; they are eliminated chiefly through the lungs and kidneys. In
      urine they are present as metabolites and, in very little part, as parent
      compound. The urinary concentration of solvent (Cu) can be used for the
      biological monitoring of exposed subjects to evaluate their exposure and
      correlate with the Threshold Limit Value (TLV) during the working day. The
      authors report some results obtained with workers occupationally exposed to
      solvents. The results concern the correlation between urinary concentration (Cu,
      micrograms/L) vs. average environmental concentration (Ci, mg/m3) measured in the
      breathing zone. For each solvent studied (acetone, 2-cyclohexane, 1,2
      dichloropropane, n-hexane, methyl ethyl ketone, perchloroethylene, styrene,
      toluene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane) the authors propose a Biological Equivalent
      Exposure Limit (BEEL) corresponding to the environmental TLV.

PMID- 3687737
TI  - Development of a sampling and analytical method for measuring the epoxy content
      of aerosols: II. Application of the method to epoxy-containing aerosols.
AB  - Aerosols generated by epoxy spray painting consist of droplets containing
      partially-cured mixtures of epoxy resins and curing agents, as well as pigments,
      solvents and diluents. A sampling and analytical method has been developed to
      measure the epoxy content of these aerosols. The method collects the aerosol in a
      midget impinger containing dimethyl formamide, which inhibits the curing reaction
      between the epoxy and curing agent, preserving the unreacted epoxy functional
      groups present in the aerosol. The impinger contents are analyzed by reacting the
      epoxy with an excess of bromide generated in situ from tetraethylammonium
      bromide, and measuring the unreacted bromide in the reaction mixture by normal
      pulse polarography. The precision and accuracy of the method have been evaluated
      using a pure epoxy resin as a model compound. The method was applied to aerosols
      containing mixtures of epoxy resin and amine curing agents in various degrees of
      cure, to aerosols containing large quantities of nonepoxy compounds, and to
      aerosols of epoxy surface coatings. The method is capable of precise and accurate
      measurement of epoxide functionality, and it applicable to the measurement of
      epoxy-containing aerosols in spray finishing operations.

PMID- 3687739
TI  - Organic vapor (OV) respiratory cartridge testing--potential Jonas model
      applicability.
AB  - More efficient methods of characterizing organic vapor (OV) respirator
      performance against the wide range of compounds and environmental conditions
      found in industrial settings are needed to improve respiratory protection in the
      workplace. One method, based on Jonas' kinetic model, has potential application
      for evaluating OV cartridges and more efficiently utilizing available research,
      testing and certification resources. Jonas has shown that the kinetic adsorption
      capacity and gas adsorption rate of a small packed charcoal sorbent bed is
      described by the linear relationship between gas breakthrough time and sorbent
      weight as predicted by the modified Wheeler equation. This research is based on
      the hypothesis that characterizing sorbent performance against a reference
      compound will allow prediction of breakthrough times, and therefore prediction of
      cartridge life, for other compounds under similar conditions. Baseline data on
      dried cartridges at dry conditions are presented that demonstrate that the linear
      relationship between breakthrough time and and sorbent weight that Jonas showed
      for small sorbent columns also holds when commercially manufactured respiratory
      cartridges are stacked in series to resemble a packed column of varying bed
      length and sorbent weight. This suggests the potential applicability of the Jonas
      model for characterizing and evaluating commercially available OV respirator
      cartridges.

PMID- 3687740
TI  - Scientific risk assessment and the regulation of human cancer risks: background
      and new directions.
AB  - I consider the importance of scientific risk assessment as optimal basis for
      socially sound risk management decisions. The health professional has both risk
      assessment and risk management responsibilities; the functions are conceptually
      separate and governed by separate criteria: scientific for risk assessment and
      social for risk management. The history of the development of regulating risk
      assessment methodology with particular reference to potential carcinogens is
      discussed. The scientific basis for possible improvements in risk assessment
      methodology for potential carcinogens is identified and the significance of the
      potential improvements is considered with special reference to the health
      professional.

PMID- 3687741
TI  - A portable chemical protective clothing test method: application at a chemical
      plant.
AB  - The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), in cooperation
      with Monsanto Chemical Company, conducted an on-site evaluation of chemical
      protective clothing at Monsanto's Nitro, West Virginia plant. The Monsanto plant
      manufactures additives for the rubber industry including antioxidants, pre
      vulcanization inhibitors, accelerators, etc. This survey evaluated six raw
      materials that have a potential for skin absorption: aniline, cyclohexylamine,
      diisopropylamine, tertiary butylamine, morpholine and carbon disulfide. Five
      generic glove materials were tested against these chemicals: nitrile, neoprene,
      polyvinylchloride, natural latex and natural rubber. The NIOSH chemical
      permeation portable test system was used to generate breakthrough time data. The
      results were compared to permeation data reported in the literature that were
      obtained by using the ASTM F739-85 test method. The test data demonstrated that
      aniline has too low a vapor pressure for reliable analysis on the portable direct
      reading detectors used. The chemical permeation test system, however, provided
      comparable, reliable permeation data for the other tested chemicals. Monsanto has
      used this data to better select chemical protection clothing for its intended
      use.

PMID- 3687742
TI  - Determination of 2,3-dibromopropanol in air.
AB  - One of the starting materials for the preparation of TRIS-BP (tris-2,3
      dibromopropanol phosphate), which is used in the treatment of fabrics and various
      materials to make them nonflammable, is 2,3-dibromopropanol. Because of the
      reported toxic nature of its parent phosphate compound, 2,3-dibromopropanol
      recently has been used by itself as a fire retardant. The manufacture and use of
      2,3-dibromopropanol as a fire retardant, however, have been a matter of great
      concern in the workplace because of its mutagenic, carcinogenic and nephrotoxic
      nature. A sensitive air sampling and analytical method has been developed as part
      of a complete field survey protocol. This paper describes the development of an
      air sampling and gas-liquid chromatographic analysis procedure for 2,3
      dibromopropanol. The detection limit for the method is 5 microg per sample and
      the relative standard deviation for the method is 5%.

PMID- 3687743
TI  - Doppler echocardiographic study of the frequency and severity of aortic
      regurgitation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
AB  - Aortic regurgitation (AR) has been reported sporadically in hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy (HC) but neither its frequency nor severity has been determined.
      Thirty-one consecutive patients with HC were evaluated by Doppler
      echocardiography over a 2-year period. Twenty-nine had echocardiographically
      normal aortic cusps and participated in the study; 2 had calcified aortic valves
      and were excluded. AR of grade I to grade II severity was demonstrated in 9 of 29
      (31%) patients. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (n = 9) with AR and
      group 2 (n = 20) without AR. Group 1 patients were significantly older than group
      2 patients (73 +/- 7 vs 60 +/- 17 years, p less than 0.05) and had larger end
      diastolic (4.5 +/- 0.5 vs 4.0 +/- 0.7 cm, p less than 0.01) and end-systolic (2.7
      +/- 0.4 vs 2.3 +/- 0.4, p less than 0.02) left ventricular dimensions. Left
      ventricular wall thickness, degree of asymmetric septal hypertrophy and left
      ventricular fractional shortening were similar in the 2 groups. Mitral
      regurgitation was more common in group 1 (100% vs 35%, p less than 0.005),
      although there were no differences in left atrial size between the 2 groups. The
      HC patients were compared with a control group of 23 normal subjects of similar
      age. There was no mitral regurgitation or AR in the normal subjects. Thus, nearly
      one-third of patients with HC had mild AR by Doppler. The AR most probably
      results from high-velocity systolic blood flow causing microscopic damage to the
      valve cusps.

PMID- 3687744
TI  - Left ventricular systolic and diastolic function after total correction of
      tetralogy of Fallot.
AB  - Left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function was assessed in 12 patients
      after total correction of tetralogy of Fallot (age range 5 to 18 years, mean 10)
      and compared with 10 control patients. Only 1 patient had a shunt before total
      correction that was performed at a mean age of 3.5 years, (range 0.3 to 8). At
      cardiac catheterization the following indexed LV parameters were measured: end
      diastolic and end-systolic volumes, wall mass, ejection fraction, stroke volume
      and end-diastolic and end-systolic pressures and stresses. The rate-corrected
      mean velocity of fiber shortening was calculated. LV diastolic operant chamber
      stiffness and myocardial stiffness were calculated from simultaneous diastolic
      pressures and volumes in mid- and late diastole using monoexponential formulas.
      The 2 groups were compared by unpaired t tests. The tetralogy group had higher
      mean end-diastolic (93 vs 74 ml/m2), end-systolic (29 vs 19 ml/m2) and stroke (64
      vs 55 ml/m2) volumes than controls. Rate-corrected mean velocity of fiber
      shortening was lower in the tetralogy group (1.07 vs 1.24). Myocardial stiffness
      was higher in the tetralogy group (16 vs 11). Other indexes were not
      significantly different. Thus, LV function after total correction of tetralogy of
      Fallot may be abnormal with larger than normal LV size, decreased contractile
      function and increased myocardial stiffness.

PMID- 3687745
TI  - Pulmonary arterial thrombosis in secundum atrial septal defect.
AB  - Nineteen adolescent or adult patients with secundum atrial septal defect (ASD)
      underwent pulmonary arteriography to evaluate the presence of proximal pulmonary
      arterial (PA) thrombosis. This procedure demonstrated proximal PA thrombosis in 8
      patients (group 2). These patients had a distinctive hemodynamic profile,
      consisting primarily of significant PA hypertension. None of the 11 patients with
      normal angiograms (group 1) had severe PA hypertension (p less than 0.0001).
      Proximal PA thrombosis appears to be the major factor in the development and
      progression of PA hypertension in adult patients with ostium secundum ASD.
      Pulmonary angiography should be undertaken in all adult patients with ostium
      secundum ASD who have at least moderate PA hypertension. Long-term
      anticoagulation is advocated for patients with PA thrombosis irrespective of a
      decision for surgical intervention.

PMID- 3687746
TI  - Identification and analysis of left atrial isomerism.
AB  - The veno-atrial connections, atrial morphology, atrioventricular (AV) junction,
      ventricular mass, ventriculoarterial (VA) connection and great arteries in 22
      autopsied hearts, diagnosed as having bilateral left-sidedness because of the
      morphology of the atrial appendages, were studied. The findings were correlated
      with the arrangement of the thoracic-abdominal organs. A solitary spleen was
      found in 3 and double spleens in 2 hearts (the remaining 17 hearts had multiple
      spleens) but left bronchial isomerism existed in all hearts in which bronchial
      arrangement could be determined. The heart was in the left chest in 14 cases, in
      the right chest in 5 and midline in 3. The apex pointed to the left in 18 hearts
      while in 4 hearts it pointed to the right. Fifteen hearts had a biventricular and
      ambiguous AV connection, 3 hearts had an absent left AV connection and 4 had
      double-inlet connection via a common valve (to the left ventricle in 3 and the
      right ventricle in 1). The VA connection was concordant in 14 hearts, discordant
      in 1, double outlet from the right ventricle in 4, double outlet from a solitary
      indeterminate ventricle in 1 and single outlet from the right ventricle through a
      pulmonary trunk with aortic atresia in 2 hearts. Superior caval veins were
      present bilaterally in 13 hearts. There was interruption of the infrahepatic
      inferior caval vein with azygos or hemiazygos continuation in 19 hearts while in
      3 hearts the inferior caval vein continued upwards to drain into the right-sided
      morphologically left atrium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3687747
TI  - The silent treatment.

PMID- 3687748
TI  - Factors affecting exercise left ventricular performance in patients free of
      obstructive coronary artery disease.

PMID- 3687749
TI  - The low risk hypertensive and coronary woman.

PMID- 3687750
TI  - Lysis of mobile left ventricular thrombi during acute myocardial infarction with
      urokinase.

PMID- 3687751
TI  - Prevalence of presenting symptoms of recognized acute myocardial infarction and
      of unrecognized healed myocardial infarction in elderly patients.

PMID- 3687752
TI  - Torsades de pointes precipitated by a Chinese herbal remedy.

PMID- 3687753
TI  - Electrocardiographic changes in patients with upper abdominal pain admitted to a
      surgical ward.

PMID- 3687754
TI  - Correlation of prevalence and severity of mitral regurgitation and mitral
      stenosis determined by Doppler echocardiography with physical signs of mitral
      regurgitation and mitral stenosis in 100 patients aged 62 to 100 years with
      mitral anular calcium.

PMID- 3687756
TI  - Dilatation of stenotic aortic valves through a temporary vascular prosthesis on
      the subclavian artery.

PMID- 3687755
TI  - Effects of anticoagulation on recurrent systemic emboli in mitral stenosis.

PMID- 3687758
TI  - Genesis of vibratory functional murmurs.

PMID- 3687757
TI  - Calcification of the mural endocardium of the left ventricle complicating the
      myxomatous mitral valve.

PMID- 3687759
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosis of pulmonary vein stenosis after
      "correction" of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection.

PMID- 3687760
TI  - Spontaneous closure of the ventricular component of an atrioventricular septal
      defect.

PMID- 3687761
TI  - Tetralogy of Fallot in a blastocystic implantation.

PMID- 3687762
TI  - Thallium-201 imaging for diagnosis of left atrial myxoma.

PMID- 3687763
TI  - Accuracy of nondirected and directed M-mode echocardiography as an estimate of
      left atrial size.

PMID- 3687764
TI  - Diastolic abnormalities of postischemic "stunned" myocardium.

PMID- 3687765
TI  - Beta blockade in early myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3687766
TI  - Possible acute platelet thrombus formation in coronary artery disease
      precipitated by cigarette smoking.

PMID- 3687767
TI  - Prostaglandin E1 and streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3687768
TI  - Do diuretics cause mitral annular calcium?

PMID- 3687769
TI  - Peak creatine kinase as a measure of reperfusion in acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3687770
TI  - Torsades de pointes induced by sotalol.

PMID- 3687771
TI  - Comments from a cardiovascular surgeon on mitral and aortic balloon
      valvuloplasty.

PMID- 3687772
TI  - Usefulness of electrophysiologic studies in predicting drug efficacy in patients
      receiving amiodarone.

PMID- 3687773
TI  - Features of cardiac arrest episodes with and without acute myocardial infarction
      in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS).
AB  - Angiographic evidence of coronary artery disease was present in 16,002 patients
      in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) registry. Of these patients, 551 had
      a history of cardiac arrest before enrollment angiography. Cardiac arrest was a
      complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in 372 patients (68%).
      Electrocardiographic documentation of the responsible rhythm was available in 283
      patients. Ventricular fibrillation (VF) was present in 112 (60%), ventricular
      tachycardia (VT) in 41 (22%) and both VT and VF in 26 (14%) patients. Stepwise
      linear discriminant analysis comparing the 551 cardiac arrest patients with the
      other 15,451 patients selected left ventricular wall motion score (F = 265), use
      of digitalis (F = 71), impaired blood supply to any segment (F = 16) and
      particularly to the anterior wall (F = 11) as discriminating variables associated
      with cardiac arrest. Patients with cardiac arrest occurring as a complication of
      AMI were younger (F = 12), had greater impairment of coronary blood supply (F =
      7) and were more likely to be on a cholesterol-lowering diet (F = 16) than were
      patients with arrest remote from infarction. Comparison of patients with VT
      versus those with VF showed a positive association of VT with age (F = 8), a
      trend toward worse left ventricular function and presence of a left ventricular
      aneurysm, but no difference in severity and collateralization of coronary artery
      disease. It is concluded that cardiac arrest is related to the extent of
      myocardial damage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3687774
TI  - Qualitative and quantitative analysis of characteristic body surface potential
      map features in anterior and inferior myocardial infarction.
AB  - Body surface potential maps were recorded from 120 electrode sites in 236 normal
      subjects and 258 patients with initial evidence of either anterior myocardial
      infarction (MI) or inferior MI to identify characteristic map patterns in both
      groups. After time normalization, averaged map distributions were displayed at 18
      equal time intervals during both QRS and ST-T waveforms from the normal, anterior
      MI and inferior MI groups. At each time instant, the 120-point averaged normal
      map was subtracted in turn from the corresponding anterior and inferior MI maps;
      the resulting differences at each electrode site were divided by the pooled
      standard deviation and the obtained values (discriminant indexes), plotted as
      contour lines with 1 standard deviation increments, producing discriminant maps
      for each bi-group comparison. The most consistent discriminant patterns in 114
      patients with anterior MI were observed in early QRS in the upper left anterior
      chest where abnormal negative voltages reflected loss of electric potentials
      while reciprocal changes were noticed in the lower back; by mid-QRS, both
      distributions had moved jointly and vertically, the former in the lower torso on
      the midsternal line, the latter in the upper back. In 144 patients with inferior
      MI, abnormal positive distributions were observed in early QRS in the upper back,
      followed later by excessive negative voltages in the inferior right anterior
      chest; at mid-QRS, both distributions had migrated horizontally, the former
      proceeding toward the upper anterior torso, the latter to the lower left dorsal
      area.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3687775
TI  - Heart rate variability as an index of sympathovagal interaction after acute
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - By analysis of spectral components of heart rate variability, sympathovagal
      interaction was assessed in patients after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). At
      2 weeks after AMI (n = 70), the low-frequency component was significantly greater
      (69 +/- 2 vs 53 +/- 3 normalized units [NU], p less than 0.05) and the high
      frequency component was significantly smaller (17 +/- 1 vs 35 +/- 3 NU) than in
      26 age-matched control subjects. This difference was likely to reflect an
      alteration of sympathovagal regulatory outflows with a predominance of
      sympathetic activity. At 6 (n = 33) and 12 (n = 29) months after AMI, a
      progressive decrease in the low- (62 +/- 2 and 54 +/- 3 NU) and an increase in
      the high-frequency (23 +/- 2 and 30 +/- 2 NU) spectral components was observed,
      which suggested a normalization of sympathovagal interaction. An increase in
      sympathetic efferent activity induced by tilt did not further modify the low
      frequency spectral component (78 +/- 3 vs 74 +/- 3 NU) in a subgroup of 24
      patients at 2 weeks after AMI. Instead, 1 year after AMI, this maneuver was
      accompanied by an increase in the low-frequency component (77 +/- 3 vs 53 +/- 3
      NU, p less than 0.05) of a magnitude similar to the one observed in control
      subjects (78 +/- 3 vs 53 +/- 3 NU). These data indicate that the sympathetic
      predominance that is detectable 2 weeks after AMI is followed by recovery of
      vagal tone and a normalization of sympathovagal interaction, not only during
      resting conditions, but also in response to a sympathetic stimulus.

PMID- 3687776
TI  - Mechanisms of arrhythmias accompanying ST-segment depression on ambulatory
      monitoring in stable angina pectoris.
AB  - To investigate the mechanisms of ischemic arrhythmias during daily life, 32
      patients with stable angina pectoris and documented ischemic episodes were
      studied by 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring. The severity of
      arrhythmias observed at or before peak ST-segment depression (early arrhythmias)
      and arrhythmias presenting during or after resolution of the ST-segment changes
      (late arrhythmias) was graded according to a modified Lown classification. Eleven
      patients (34%) had ischemic arrhythmias and had a greater number of ischemic
      episodes (6.0 +/- 5.4 vs 2.3 +/- 1.5, p less than 0.001) than patients without
      ischemic arrhythmias. Ischemic episodes accompanied by arrhythmias had a greater
      ST-segment depression (2.8 +/- 1.6 mm vs 1.9 +/- 0.6 mm, p less than 0.001), and
      duration (18.2 +/- 14.8 minutes vs 5.7 +/- 2.6 minutes, p less than 0.001) than
      those without arrhythmias. Ventricular tachycardia was observed in 3 patients
      during the early phase of ischemia and in 2 during or after recovery. Early but
      not late ventricular tachycardias were preceded by prodromal ventricular ectopic
      activity. Late arrhythmias were more frequent and severe than early arrhythmias,
      with an increased incidence of R-on-T ectopic complexes. In patients with stable
      angina, potentially life-threatening arrhythmias are closely associated with
      severe repetitive episodes of ischemia, and different mechanisms produce early
      and late arrhythmias. Prevention or reduction of the severity of ischemic
      episodes occurring during daily life in patients with stable angina may be more
      effective than prophylactic antiarrhythmic therapy.

PMID- 3687777
TI  - Digital two-dimensional echocardiographic imaging of the proximal left anterior
      descending coronary artery.
AB  - The use of 2-dimensional echocardiography to evaluate coronary artery anatomy
      noninvasively and directly has been primarily limited to the evaluation of the
      left main coronary artery. To determine the feasibility of visualization of the
      proximal left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and assessment for
      atherosclerotic disease in this location, 128 consecutive patients undergoing
      coronary arteriography were evaluated with digital 2-dimensional
      echocardiography. Visualization of the proximal LAD was possible in 90 (70%) of
      the 128 patients. Of 45 patients with proximal LAD narrowing by angiography,
      digital echocardiography correctly identified 44 (98% sensitivity). In 27
      patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries, digital echocardiography
      was normal in 18 (67% specificity). In the 18 patients with an angiographically
      normal proximal LAD but narrowing elsewhere in the coronary system, digital
      echocardiographic evaluation of the proximal LAD was abnormal in 15. This initial
      study suggests that 2-dimensional echocardiography is a feasible technique to
      image the proximal LAD noninvasively in patients undergoing coronary
      arteriography.

PMID- 3687778
TI  - Guidelines for the interpretation of the exercise radionuclide ventriculogram for
      diagnosing coronary artery disease.
AB  - In 622 patients with known coronary artery anatomy, heart rate (HR).blood
      pressure (BP) product and left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) at maximal
      supine exercise measured by radionuclide ventriculography were used to estimate,
      by logistic regression analysis, the probabilities of absence of significant
      coronary artery disease (CAD), presence of significant CAD, presence of
      multivessel CAD and presence of 3-vessel CAD. Thus, for example, estimated
      probabilities of each of the aforementioned 4 categories of CAD are 0.39, 0.61,
      0.32 and 0.12, respectively, for HR.BP product of 26,000 beats.mm Hg/min and LVEF
      of 0.6 at maximal exercise and 0.08, 0.92, 0.77 and 0.48, respectively, for HR.BP
      of 15,000 and LVEF of 0.4. The graphic presentations of these estimated
      probabilities form useful guidelines for interpreting the results of exercise
      radionuclide ventriculography. In addition, specific cutoff values at maximal
      exercise defined 2 groups: (HR.BP product greater than or equal to 21,000
      beats.mm Hg/min and LVEF greater than or equal to 0.55) with a high (70%)
      likelihood of absence of significant CAD or 1-vessel CAD and a low (7%)
      likelihood of 3-vessel CAD, and (HR.BP product less than 21,000 and LVEF less
      than 0.55) with a high (72%) likelihood of multivessel CAD and a low (8%)
      likelihood of absence of CAD.

PMID- 3687779
TI  - Major depressive disorder in coronary artery disease.
AB  - Depression has been reported to be common in patients with coronary artery
      disease (CAD), using a variety of criteria for the diagnosis of depression.
      However, many studies have relied solely on the presence of symptoms such as a
      dysphoric mood and fatigue in making a diagnosis of depression. Both fatigue and
      dysphoric mood are also associated with medical illnesses, and psychiatric
      diagnoses based on such nonspecific symptoms may lack the specificity necessary
      to predict the need for psychiatric treatment. To assess the incidence of
      depression likely to require and respond to psychiatric treatment, 50 patients
      documented to have CAD by coronary angiography underwent psychiatric diagnostic
      interviews. Current research-based criteria (DSM-III) were used to make diagnoses
      of major depressive disorder. In addition, the applicability of a brief screening
      inventory the (Beck depression inventory) for detecting the presence of
      depression in these patients was tested. Nine patients (18%) met criteria (DSM
      III) for major depressive episode. Depression was not related to the extent of
      CAD, age or use of beta blockers. There was a relation between depression and
      smoking. Only 2 of the 9 depressed patients had been diagnosed previously and
      were being treated for depression. When a score of greater than or equal to 10 on
      the Beck depression inventory was used to distinguish patients with depression,
      it had moderate sensitivity (78%) and specificity (90%) for the identification of
      depression.

PMID- 3687780
TI  - Effects of analyzed signal duration and phase on the results of fast fourier
      transform analysis of the surface electrocardiogram in subjects with and without
      late potentials.
AB  - A microcomputer-based system capable of performing time- and frequency-domain
      analysis on the same set of acquired and signal-averaged raw data was used to
      correlate late potentials detected in the time domain with the results of
      frequency-domain analysis. Ten patients with spontaneous or inducible sustained
      ventricular tachycardia (VT) known to have abnormal late potentials in the time
      domain signal-averaged electrocardiogram and 10 normal subjects without late
      potentials were studied. Fast Fourier transform analysis was performed on a
      segment that comprised the last 40 ms of the QRS and the ST segment up to the
      onset of the T wave as identified visually. The high-frequency signal content,
      expressed as the area ratio or the peak magnitude, was found to be markedly
      dependent on the length of the analyzed QRS-ST segment. A change of as little as
      3 ms in the duration of the estimated QRS-ST segment changed the results of the
      frequency analysis across proposed boundaries of normalcy in normal subjects and
      in patients with VT. This resulted in both false-negative and false-positive
      conclusions. Similar results were obtained when the effects of varying analyzed
      signal length or phase were studied using a pure synthesized sine wave signal.
      For frequency analysis to be clinically useful and reproducible, standards of
      normalcy must be established for a signal region of fixed duration or the
      technique must be modified so as to be insensitive to duration of signal sample.

PMID- 3687781
TI  - Influence of the cycle length of basic drive on induction of sustained
      ventricular tachycardia associated with coronary artery disease.
AB  - The relation between the cycle length of basic drive during programmed
      ventricular stimulation and the coupling intervals at which sustained monomorphic
      ventricular tachycardia (VT) was initiated was analyzed in patients with coronary
      artery disease and documented sustained VT. The study included 28 patients in
      whom hemodynamically tolerable, monomorphic sustained VT was inducible at
      different cycle lengths of basic drive during the same electrophysiologic study.
      The stimulation protocol included single or double premature stimuli during paced
      ventricular rhythms at different cycle lengths of basic drive. The coupling
      intervals of premature stimuli for induction of VT (considered the outer margin
      of the echo zone) during step 1 of the stimulation protocol (basic drive at cycle
      lengths of 500 or 430 ms) were compared with those during step 2 (basic drive at
      cycle lengths of 370 or 330 ms). The mean cycle length of induced sustained VT
      was 370 +/- 79 ms. The mode of induction of VT remained the same in 23 patients
      (single or double premature stimuli); in 5 patients, fewer premature stimuli were
      required during step 2 than step 1. By moving from step 1 to step 2, VT could be
      induced at longer coupling intervals of the premature stimuli in 23 patients
      (82.1%). The mean increase in the sum of the coupling intervals was 52 +/- 37 ms.
      In 5 patients, the coupling intervals either did not change from step 1 to step 2
      (n = 1) or decreased by an average of -40 +/- 14.1 ms. The results suggest that
      inducibility of VT is favored by a decrease in the cycle length of basic
      drive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3687782
TI  - Long-term efficacy of antitachycardia pacing for supraventricular and ventricular
      tachycardias.
AB  - Over a 14-year period, 53 patients received implanted pacemakers to assist in the
      control of recurrent tachycardias. Indications were: prevention of tachycardia in
      2 patients with supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), and 4 with ventricular
      tachycardia (VT); termination of tachycardia (15 SVT, 20 VT); and long-term
      periodic programmed electrical stimulation with potential for tachycardia
      termination (12 VT). Pacemakers for prevention of VT were implanted in 3 patients
      with prolonged QT interval syndromes and 1 in whom Holter monitoring showed a
      significant reduction in ectopic activity during pacing. Pacers were implanted
      for tachycardia termination only after patients underwent a rigorous protocol
      aimed at achieving 100 trials of the proposed modality. Patients with tachycardia
      also requiring antibradycardia pacemakers received pacemakers capable of
      noninvasive programmed stimulation for use during follow-up. There were no
      tachycardia recurrences among those patients in whom pacemakers were implanted
      for prevention. Pacers capable of outpatient programmed stimulation were useful,
      and it may be desirable to expand their use. The 15 patients with pacers designed
      for termination of SVT were followed for a mean of 68 months. Among these,
      actuarial continuation of pacing efficacy was 93% at 1 year, and 78% at 5 years.
      The 20 patients with pacers for termination of VT were followed for a mean of 37
      months. Actuarial efficacy was 78% at 1 year, and 55% at 5 years. Sudden death
      occurred in 4 of these patients, none clearly pacer related. Pacemakers can play
      a major therapeutic role in some patients with recurrent tachycardias. The role
      of such pacemakers in patients with VT may be expanded with the advent of
      combined pacer-defibrillators.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3687783
TI  - Differential effects of milrinone and dobutamine on right ventricular preload,
      afterload and systolic performance in congestive heart failure secondary to
      ischemic or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.
AB  - To compare the effects of intravenous dobutamine and milrinone on right
      ventricular (RV) systolic function, 14 patients with severe congestive heart
      failure underwent simultaneous radionuclide-hemodynamic study. Patients were
      randomized to receive intravenous milrinone (50 micrograms/kg bolus then 0.5
      microgram/kg/min) or dobutamine (2.5 to 15 micrograms/kg/min) to achieve equal
      increases in cardiac output. Both drugs significantly improved cardiac
      performance, with identical 24% increases in mean cardiac index (p less than 0.05
      vs baseline; difference not significant for milrinone vs dobutamine) and no
      change in heart rate. Neither drug substantially altered RV preload, as reflected
      by mean right atrial pressure and RV end-diastolic volume. Both drugs caused
      similar increases in RV ejection fraction (mean +/- standard deviation;
      dobutamine: 0.32 +/- 0.09 to 0.40 +/- 0.11; p less than 0.05; milrinone: 0.35 +/-
      0.19 to 0.43 +/- 0.21; p less than 0.05) resulting from reductions in RV end
      systolic volume. RV afterload reduction contributed substantially to drug effect
      on RV systolic performance in patients treated with milrinone but not those
      treated with dobutamine. With doses effecting equal increases in cardiac index
      and RV systolic performance, pulmonary artery end-systolic pressure was
      significantly reduced by milrinone (40 +/- 12 to 33 +/- 12 mm Hg; p less than
      0.05), but not by dobutamine. Thus, in patients with congestive heart failure
      milrinone's effect on RV systolic function is explainable, at least in part, by
      RV afterload reduction, whereas RV inotropic augmentation contributed more
      strongly to dobutamine's effect.

PMID- 3687784
TI  - Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: analysis of 152 necropsy patients.
AB  - Certain clinical and cardiac necropsy findings are described in 152 patients aged
      16 to 78 years (mean 45) with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: 109 (72%) were
      men and 43 (28%) were women. Compared with the women, the men had a significantly
      (p less than 0.05) shorter mean duration of chronic congestive heart failure
      (CHF) (43 vs 69 months), a higher percentage of habitual alcoholism (40 vs 24%)
      and a higher mean heart weight (632 vs 551 g). The male to female ratio among the
      58 known alcoholics was 7.3:1 and among the 70 known nonalcoholics, 1.5:1 (p less
      than 0.05). The mean duration of clinical evidence of CHF was similar among the
      known alcoholics and the known non-alcoholics (each 50 months). Of the 152
      patients, 148 (97%) had clinical evidence of chronic CHF; in 114 patients it was
      the initial manifestation of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, and in most it
      became intractable and caused death. The interval from onset of chronic CHF to
      death (known in 120 patients) ranged from 1 to 264 months (mean 54). Comparison
      of the 27 patients surviving greater than 72 months after onset of chronic CHF to
      the 64 patients surviving less than or equal to 36 months disclosed a
      significantly higher frequency in the longer survival group of older patients, of
      women, of habitual alcoholics, of patients with chest pain syndromes, diabetes
      mellitus, pulmonary emboli, of patients treated with warfarin and of patients
      with larger hearts at necropsy. Each of the 4 patients without chronic CHF died
      suddenly and sudden death was the initial manifestation of idiopathic dilated
      cardiomyopathy in them. An additional 33 patients also died suddenly, but each of
      them previously had had chronic CHF. Of the 79 patients (of the 131 for whom
      information was available) with either pulmonary or systemic emboli or both, 67
      (85%) had either right- or left-sided thrombi or mural endocardial plaques or
      both, whereas of the 52 patients without emboli, 36 (69%) had intracardiac
      thrombi or plaques (p less than (0.05). Electrocardiograms in the last 6 months
      of life in 101 patients disclosed atrial fibrillation in 25; complete left (41
      patients) or right (6 patients) bundle branch block or indeterminate
      intraventricular conduction delay (4 patients) in 51 patients; QRS voltage
      indicative of ventricular hypertrophy in 44 patients (left ventricular in 39
      patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3687785
TI  - Cardiovascular effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide in healthy subjects.
AB  - Hypotension and flushing are occasionally observed in patients with pancreatic
      cholera syndrome. Similar effects are produced when vasoactive intestinal
      polypeptide (VIP) is administered to healthy subjects. To characterize further
      these responses, serial measurements of heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac
      output and forearm blood flow were made in 6 healthy subjects during constant VIP
      infusion (400 pmol/kg/hr for 100 minutes). VIP infusion caused sustained
      vasodilatation and decreased total peripheral resistance and mean arterial
      pressure by 30 and 12%, respectively. Forearm resistance decreased by 65%. The
      effects on cardiac output and stroke volume were biphasic. During the early phase
      of VIP infusion (0 to 70 minutes), heart rate and cardiac output increased with
      only minor changes in stroke volume. Later (71 to 100 minutes) the tachycardia
      persisted, but cardiac output decreased toward control levels due to decreased
      stroke volume. Echocardiograms during the infusion demonstrated increased left
      ventricular contractility as defined by the relation between end-systolic wall
      stress and shortening fraction. These data document potent vasodilatory and
      inotropic actions of VIP. It is likely that intravascular volume losses from
      increased intestinal secretion account for the decreased stroke volume seen late
      in the VIP infusion period and immediately thereafter. The tachycardia appears to
      be an appropriate compensatory mechanism to maintain blood pressure in the
      presence of vasodilatation and loss of intervascular volume. These observations
      provide an explanation for the cardiovascular findings in patients with sudden
      release of VIP from tumors.

PMID- 3687786
TI  - Maximum oxygen uptake and cardiac size and function in twins.
AB  - The contribution of heredity to the interindividual variability of maximum oxygen
      uptake and of cardiac size and function of healthy male twins, age 18 to 31
      years, was studied to evaluate the role of the heart in the inheritance of
      aerobic power. Twelve pairs of monozygotic and 12 pairs of dizygotic twins were
      examined. Weight (p less than 0.05), relative weight (Quetelet index) (p less
      than 0.01) and skinfold thickness (p less than 0.01) were found to be genetically
      determined, as well as heart rate at rest (p less than 0.05) and systolic blood
      pressure (p less than 0.05). Genetic variation was significant (p less than 0.05)
      both for absolute and for weight-adjusted oxygen uptake, measured at peak
      exercise on the bicycle ergometer. However, the influence of inheritance on
      aerobic power was not associated with a significant genetic effect on the end
      diastolic left ventricular internal diameter or on its fractional shortening as
      assessed by echocardiography. Genetic variation had a significant (p less than
      0.05) effect on left ventricular mass, but this could be attributed to the
      inheritance of body size. These data indicate that cardiac factors are not
      significantly involved in the inheritance of aerobic power and suggest that
      cardiac hypertrophy in athletes is secondary to training.

PMID- 3687787
TI  - Impaired heart rate responses to cough and deep breathing in elderly patients
      with unexplained syncope.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that elderly patients with unexplained syncope have
      impaired autonomic control of heart rate, chronotropic responses to deep
      breathing and cough were studied in 12 elderly patients (85 +/- 4 years), 14
      elderly control subjects (82 +/- 7 years) and 10 young subjects (26 +/- 5 years).
      There was no difference in resting RR interval between elderly patients with
      syncope and control subjects. However, the ratio of the maximum RR/minimum RR (an
      index of heart rate variability) during deep breathing was significantly lower in
      patients than in control subjects (p less than 0.005). In the minute following
      cough, there was no difference in initial reflex tachycardia, but subsequent
      rebound bradycardia was blunted in the elderly patients with syncope. The
      predominant impairment in elderly patients with unexplained syncope was the
      bradycardia component of the responses to deep breathing and cough, suggesting
      that these patients may have impaired parasympathetic modulation of heart rate.
      Although not likely to be the cause of syncope in these patients, these findings
      may reflect an underlying autonomic defect.

PMID- 3687788
TI  - Usefulness of a branching treadmill protocol for evaluation of cardiac functional
      capacity.
AB  - A branching treadmill protocol was designed to measure functional capacity in
      patients with low work capacity and varying ability to walk at speeds used in
      traditional protocols. A comfortable walking pace is first selected (2.0 to 3.5
      mph, 0.25 mph increments) and the workload is then increased every 2 minutes in 1
      MET increments (a multiple of the resting oxygen uptake [1 MET = 3.5 ml
      O2/kg/min]) by adjusting grade. Nine trained (maximal MET = 7.6 +/- 1.6, mean +/-
      standard deviation) male subjects (age 59 +/- 7 years) with previous myocardial
      infarction and 9 trained (maximal MET = 11.7 +/- 2.5) male control subjects (age
      56 +/- 8 years) completed submaximal and maximal workloads without handrail
      support. The measured oxygen consumption, volume of oxygen in ml/kg/min (VO2),
      was compared with the predicted VO2 cost of treadmill walking calculated from
      speed and grade. A linear regression analysis of predicted versus measured VO2
      was performed. There were no significant differences between myocardial
      infarction and control regression lines. Therefore, a simplified prediction
      equation for estimated VO2 in myocardial infarction and control subjects is
      proposed. Overall VO2 prediction = 1.61 + 0.99 x. The main advantage of the
      branching protocol format is the selection of a stable, brisk walking pace
      compatible with age and gait, which may improve mechanical efficiency through
      impedance matching. The protocol is adaptable enough in design so that most
      patients can complete the exercise test without use of handrails, which is
      essential for an accurate estimate of VO2 from treadmill speed and grade.

PMID- 3687789
TI  - Misdiagnosis of systemic hypertension and recommendations for improvement.

PMID- 3687790
TI  - Is catheter ablation on target?

PMID- 3687791
TI  - Cardiac arrest associated with coronary artery spasm.

PMID- 3687792
TI  - Systemic effects and safety of intravenous dipyridamole in elderly patients with
      suspected coronary artery disease.

PMID- 3687793
TI  - Intravenous streptokinase-mediated thrombolysis of acute occlusion of the left
      main coronary artery.

PMID- 3687794
TI  - Usefulness of ST-segment depression as a sign of coronary artery disease when
      confined to the postexercise recovery period.

PMID- 3687795
TI  - Reversibility of tachycardia-induced left ventricular dysfunction after closed
      chest catheter ablation of the atrioventricular junction for intractable atrial
      fibrillation.

PMID- 3687796
TI  - Two:one atrioventricular block in infants with congenital long QT syndrome.

PMID- 3687797
TI  - Return of plasma norepinephrine to normal after resolution of congestive heart
      failure in congenital heart disease.

PMID- 3687798
TI  - Doppler echocardiographic findings in rheumatic tricuspid stenosis.

PMID- 3687799
TI  - Size of coronary sinus at necropsy in subjects without cardiac disease and in
      patients with various cardiac conditions.

PMID- 3687800
TI  - Air pericardial tamponade.

PMID- 3687801
TI  - A symposium: Hypertension--the heart and kidney. April 9-11, 1987, Kauai, Hawaii.
      Proceedings.

PMID- 3687803
TI  - Target-organ involvement in essential hypertension based on presented concepts
      and discussions.

PMID- 3687802
TI  - Acute and chronic studies of diltiazem in elderly versus young hypertensive
      patients.
AB  - The pharmacodynamics, disposition and hormonal responses to acute intravenous and
      chronic oral diltiazem treatment were compared in young and elderly hypertensive
      patients. In elderly patients, supine diastolic blood pressure decreased
      significantly during the first week of treatment (baseline mean +/- standard
      error of the mean, 100 +/- 1 to 93 +/- 2 mm Hg) and decreased further during the
      study to 86 +/- 2 mm Hg at the end of the study. Diastolic blood pressure of the
      young patients decreased significantly by the third week of treatment (from 104
      +/- 2 to 97 +/- 3 mm Hg) and decreased further during the study to 94 +/- 2 mm Hg
      at the end of the study. Baseline supine systolic blood pressure was greater in
      elderly than in young patients (167 +/- 5 vs 144 +/- 3 mm Hg; p less than 0.01)
      and was significantly reduced in the elderly by the fourth week (167 +/- 5 to 154
      +/- 3 mm Hg; p less than 0.003), with a significantly reduction sustained
      throughout the 14-week period. Young patients had little change in systolic blood
      pressure. Supine heart rate tended to decrease in both groups during the 14-week
      period. Acute intravenous diltiazem pharmacokinetics determined at the beginning
      of the study showed that total diltiazem clearance was similar in elderly (13.3
      +/- 1.0 ml/min/kg) and young (13.7 +/- 1.9 ml/min/kg) patients as was volume of
      distribution (4.2 +/- 0.3 vs 4.3 +/- 0.6 liters/kg) and elimination half-life
      (3.78 +/- 0.19 vs 3.69 +/- 0.23 hours).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3687804
TI  - Does essential hypertension lead to renal failure?
AB  - Systemic hypertension can lead to renal failure in blacks. The key lesion is
      severe intimal thickening in interlobular arteries without fibrinoid necrosis.
      Hypertensive endothelial injury is the likely root cause of the intimal
      thickening. High potassium diets prevent wall thickening of small renal arteries
      and arterioles in hypertensive Dahl S rats and also greatly reduce both medial
      and intimal thickening of the aorta and mesenteric and carotid arteries in
      spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats. In view of this, it is quite likely
      that the low potassium diet characteristically seen in blacks exaggerates the
      hypertensive intimal thickening. A high potassium diet could possibly preserve
      these arteries and avert much renal failure.

PMID- 3687805
TI  - Development and progression of chronic renal disease: can it be prevented or
      attenuated?
AB  - Following its initiation, renal disease tends to progress relentlessly to end
      stage, necessitating dialysis or transplantation or causing death. Studies have
      shown that metabolic, hematologic and hemodynamic adaptations by the damaged
      kidney underlie the progressive nature of the disease. This review underscores
      the hemodynamic maladaptations and consequences and the evidence that suggests
      that glomerular hypertension is a necessary accompaniment to renal damage. The
      evidence reviewed indicates that high pressure develops in fragile glomerular
      capillaries after loss of a critical amount of renal mass and causes progressive
      sclerosis and destruction of remaining nephrons. This maladaptive renal response
      ensures progressive destruction in a variety of renal diseases including diabetes
      mellitus. Reduced protein intake and converting enzyme inhibitor therapy may
      prevent or attenuate the progression of these diseases.

PMID- 3687807
TI  - Systemic hypertension, diabetes mellitus and the kidney.
AB  - Diabetic nephropathy is manifested by albuminuria, hypertension and progressive
      loss of renal function. Only one-third of patients with insulin-dependent
      diabetes mellitus of juvenile onset develop nephropathy and the risk of
      nephropathy does not increase with increasing duration of diabetes. Hypertension
      occurs almost exclusively in patients with nephropathy. Therefore, there is a
      subset of patients at risk for both nephropathy and hypertension. It is important
      to identify the patients destined to develop nephropathy, to define the
      pathophysiology responsible for the nephropathy in this subset of patients and to
      develop programs to interrupt the pathophysiology early in its course and
      hopefully prevent the progression to end-stage renal failure. Potential markers
      to identify patients who will develop nephropathy include a family history of
      hypertension, increased glomerular filtration rate and renal mass and presence of
      significant microalbuminuria. Studies are needed to evaluate various classes of
      drugs for their efficacy in altering the pathophysiologic hemodynamic changes
      leading to nephropathy.

PMID- 3687806
TI  - Vasodilators, antihypertensive therapy and the kidney.
AB  - Both traditional and newer treatments of essential hypertension are discussed in
      relation to kidney function and renal perfusion. In essential hypertension, renal
      vascular resistance is routinely increased and renal blood flow is often
      decreased. Reduced sodium intake as a form of therapy will cause a decrease in
      both renal blood flow and glomerular filtration, most likely due to an
      angiotensin-induced renal vasoconstriction caused by the reactive increase in
      renin release. Treatment with diuretics produces the same effects, also
      angiotensin-mediated. The addition of a beta-adrenergic blocking agent to prevent
      renin release may be a good choice, but individual agents within this class must
      be examined for direct renal vasoconstriction. The effects of "nonspecific"
      vasodilators on renal perfusion and renal sodium handling vary with the patient
      but may produce antinatriuresis, sodium retention and decrease in glomerular
      filtration. Studies with calcium antagonists have shown promising results.
      Nifedipine studies show a substantial increase in renal plasma flow, a well
      maintained glomerular filtration rate and a brisk diuresis and natriuresis.
      However, patients with the lowest baseline renal flow do not show these benefits.
      Diltiazem has shown a potentiated renal vascular response in normotensive
      patients of hypertensive parents. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors such
      as captopril and enalapril have produced increased renal blood flow and well
      maintained glomerular filtration in patients with essential hypertension. The
      agents available for treating hypertension have improved dramatically in the past
      decade. A salutary effect on the kidney will remain high on the list of important
      characteristics to be considered in choosing one of these agents.

PMID- 3687808
TI  - Pathophysiology of the hepatorenal syndrome and potential for therapy.
AB  - Acute renal failure is frequently observed in patients with ascites and alcoholic
      cirrhosis of the liver. In the absence of any discernible anatomic or clinical
      cause for the renal failure, the decrease in renal perfusion is usually
      associated with significant arterial hypovolemia. If there is no contraction of
      the effective blood volume, then the functional renal failure is entitled to be
      labeled "hepatorenal syndrome." This implies that there is some unique cause for
      intrarenal vasoconstriction independent of a contracted effective arterial blood
      volume. A possible cause for such vasoconstriction may be abnormal intrarenal
      production of prostaglandins. Therapy is ineffective, but calcium antagonists may
      have some therapeutic potential.

PMID- 3687810
TI  - The arterial smooth muscle cell in systemic hypertension.
AB  - Both the pathogenesis and vascular complications of hypertension appear to
      involve change in vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) structure and function.
      Recent data on vascular SMC biology are reviewed. Specific questions that should
      be addressed by future research on SMC polyploidy in hypertension; SMC
      differentiation, growth and function; SMC hypertrophy and hyperplasia in
      hypertension; and hypertension, vascular aging and atherogenesis are posed.

PMID- 3687809
TI  - Systemic hypertension and the kidney in black patients.
AB  - Hypertension occurs more frequently in U.S. blacks than whites and is more
      severe. Blacks represent a disproportionate percentage of patients receiving
      dialysis treatment. This disproportion raises the question of whether the renal
      circulation of blacks is more sensitive to the damaging effects of elevated
      intraarterial pressure or whether it is structurally different in ways that would
      render it more prone to damage. The first part of the question has not been
      conclusively answered although some data support the hypothesis. For the second
      part, it is clear that malignant nephrosclerosis of blacks is different from that
      of whites in an absence of fibrinoid necrosis of arterioles and glomeruli and the
      presence of musculomucoid intimal hyperplasia of small arteries. Whether this is
      a genetically determined reaction to damage has not been determined. It is a
      widely held belief that the kidney is the cause of much essential hypertension.
      In fact 6 cases of essential hypertension in blacks have been "cured" by renal
      transplantation, strongly supporting the belief. Also blacks differ from whites
      in 2 ways that could be relevant for their increased prevalence of hypertension:
      they excrete sodium loads more slowly and have a markedly lower urinary
      kallikrein. The former could be responsible for the predominance of salt
      dependent hypertension in blacks and the latter could reflect a racial deficiency
      in a naturally occurring vasodilator system.

PMID- 3687811
TI  - The simulation and dissimulation of multiple personality disorder.

PMID- 3687812
TI  - The use of fractionation in self-hypnosis.

PMID- 3687813
TI  - Psychological aspects of herpes simplex viral infection: report of six cases.

PMID- 3687814
TI  - Attitudes toward the ethical use of hypnosis: an interdisciplinary study.

PMID- 3687815
TI  - A measure of attitudes toward hypnosis: relationships with absorption and
      hypnotic susceptibility.

PMID- 3687816
TI  - Posttraumatic stress disorder: hypnotherapeutic approach in a most unusual case.

PMID- 3687817
TI  - The Hypnotic Induction Profile and absorption.

PMID- 3687818
TI  - Determinants of vitamin D status in patients with hip fracture and in elderly
      control subjects.
AB  - The factors that influence vitamin D status were investigated in 125 patients
      with hip fracture and in 74 elderly control subjects. The serum concentrations of
      25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] varied with sunshine score and were paralleled by
      serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D]. The control subjects showed a higher
      sunshine score and higher serum 24(OH)D levels than the patients with hip
      fracture. Dietary vitamin D intake was similar in both groups (mean 115 IU/d). A
      positive correlation between vitamin D intake and serum 25(OH)D was observed in
      the patients with low sunshine exposure. It appeared from this relation that
      dietary vitamin D intake should be approximately 300 IU/d to maintain an adequate
      serum (25(OH)D concentration. Vitamin D status was very poor in patients who were
      institutionalized before hip fracture. Multiple regression analysis on serum
      25(OH)D confirmed the primary role of sunshine exposure as determinant of vitamin
      D status. The principal determinants of serum 1,25(OH)2D were serum 25(OH)D,
      serum creatinine, and serum phosphate.

PMID- 3687819
TI  - Folate requirement and metabolism in nonpregnant women.
AB  - Folate metabolism and requirements were studied in 10 adult nonpregnant women
      maintained for 92 d in a metabolic unit. After a folate depletion period of 28 d,
      the subjects received increasing supplements of folate from food items or as
      pteroylmonoglutamic acid (PGA). Plasma folate levels fell 60% during the
      depletion period and continued to fall until 200 micrograms/d of naturally
      occurring food folates were provided. Supplements of 300 micrograms/d of
      naturally occurring folates produced a small rise in plasma folate levels
      although erythrocyte folate levels continued to fall. Lymphocyte deoxyuridine
      suppression, neutrophil hypersegmentation, and other measurements related to
      folate metabolism were performed. When compared with PGA, dietary folates
      appeared to be no more than 50% available. A daily intake of 200-250 micrograms
      of dietary folates appears to meet the folate requirements of nonpregnant adult
      women whereas an intake of 300 micrograms/d provides an allowance for storage.

PMID- 3687820
TI  - Recommended dietary intakes (RDI) of folate in humans.

PMID- 3687821
TI  - A reappraisal of the caloric requirements of men.
AB  - The resting metabolic rates (RMR) of 60 lean and obese men, aged 18-82 y and
      weighing 60-171 kg, were measured and body compositions were determined. Body
      compositional variables reflecting active protoplasmic tissue were all highly
      interrelated. Body weight alone gave prediction values for RMR that were
      comparable to those of other variables of active protoplasmic tissue mass.
      Regional distribution of fat had no influence on the RMR and the influence of age
      on RMR was trivial. The classic prediction equations and tables overestimate RMR
      of men. The 95%-confidence limits for both lean and obese men were broad. This
      conclusively demonstrates that metabolic efficiency is not necessarily or
      exclusively related to obesity. New regression equations for predicting the RMR
      based on weight and fat-free mass were developed: RMR = 879 + 10.2 WT kg and RMR
      = 290 + 22.3 FFMD kg, where FFMD is fat-free mass from densitometry measurements.

PMID- 3687822
TI  - Dietary fat and the regulation of energy intake in human subjects.
AB  - The role of dietary fat in the regulation of energy intake was assessed by
      manipulating a conventional diet and measuring spontaneous food consumption.
      Twenty-four women each consumed a sequence of three 2-wk dietary treatments in
      which 15-20%, 30-35%, or 45-50% of the energy was derived from fat. These diets
      consisted of foods that were similar in appearance and palatability but differed
      in the amount of high-fat ingredients used. Relative to their energy consumption
      on the medium-fat diet, the subjects spontaneously consumed an 11.3% deficit on
      the low-fat diet and a 15.4% surfeit on the high-fat diet (p less than 0.0001),
      resulting in significant changes in body weight (p less than 0.001). A small
      amount of caloric compensation did occur (p less than 0.02), which was greatest
      in the leanest subjects (p less than 0.03). These results suggest that habitual,
      unrestricted consumption of low-fat diets may be an effective approach to weight
      control.

PMID- 3687823
TI  - Effects of exercise training on resting energy expenditure during caloric
      restriction.
AB  - Resting energy expenditure (REE), maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max), and body
      composition were measured in seven moderately obese women during 9 wk of dietary
      restriction (800 kcal/d). During weeks 4-6, subjects underwent exercise training
      (30 min cycling/d, 5 d/wk, at 70% VO2max). The first 3 wk of caloric restriction
      decreased REE by 13% (from 1437 +/- 76 to 1254 +/- 66 kcal/24 h, means +/- SEM, p
      less than 0.05). Exercise training increased VO2max (from 1717 +/- 108 to 1960 +/
      120 mL/min, means +/- SEM, p less than 0.05) but did not elevate the dietary
      depressed REE (from 1254 +/- 66 to 1262 +/- 62 kcal/24 h). The greatest decrease
      in body fat (3.7 +/- 0.4 kg) occurred during exercise training, resulting in a
      small apparent increase in REE when expressed per kilogram total body weight.
      However, expressed per unit lean body mass, REE remained suppressed throughout
      the period of caloric restriction. We conclude that exercise training of
      sufficient intensity to substantially increase VO2max does not reverse the
      dietary-induced depression of REE.

PMID- 3687824
TI  - Increased birthweight after prenatal dietary supplementation of rural African
      women.
AB  - Birthweight data from 197 rural Gambian women who received an energy-dense
      prenatal dietary supplement over a 4-y period (net intake = 430 kcal/d) was
      compared with data from 182 women from 4 baseline years. Preintervention
      birthweights averaged 2944 +/- 43 (SEM) g when women were in positive energy
      balance during the dry harvest season (pregnancy weight gain greater than 1200
      g/mo). Birthweights decreased to 2808 +/- 41 g (p less than 0.01) in the wet
      season when food shortages and agricultural work caused negative energy balance
      (weight gain less than 500 g/mo). There were no detectable secular trends in the
      baseline data. Supplementation was ineffective during the dry season but highly
      effective during the wet season: +225 +/- 56 g, p less than 0.001 (unadjusted) or
      +200 +/- 53 g, p less than 0.001 (adjusted for sex, season, and parity) by
      between-child multiple regression analysis; +231 +/- 65 g, p less than 0.001 by
      within-mother analysis. The proportion of low-birthweight babies (less than 2501
      g) decreased from 23.7-7.5%, p less than 0.002. The observed threshold effect
      emphasizes the importance of selective targeting of interventions to truly at
      risk groups.

PMID- 3687825
TI  - Malnutrition during the reproductive cycle: effects on galactopoietic hormones
      and lactational performance in the rat.
AB  - To examine the effects of malnutrition imposed at various stages of the
      reproductive cycle on galactopoietic hormones and lactational performance, rats
      were fed 50% of the intake of ad libitum-fed controls either before and during
      pregnancy (refed), during lactation only (acutely restricted), or throughout the
      experimental period (chronically restricted). Milk yield and litter weight at day
      14 of lactation were compromised in the groups restricted during lactation.
      Dietary restriction during lactation had consistent negative effects on milk
      nutrient and energy contents. Plasma and milk corticosterone values were twice as
      high in the groups restricted during lactation as in the controls. Corticosterone
      but not prolactin values were correlated with many measures of lactational
      performance. These results suggest that the increase in corticosterone values may
      be one mechanism by which malnutrition exerts its effects on lactational
      performance.

PMID- 3687826
TI  - Effect of amino acid ingestion on blood amino acid profile in patients with
      chronic renal failure.
AB  - Arterial whole blood levels of amino acids (AA) were determined in patients with
      chronic renal failure (CRF) and in healthy volunteers before and for 75 min after
      the ingestion of an AA mixture simulating the AA content of an animal-protein
      meal. In CRF patients, total AA increased more than in control subjects as a
      consequence of an exaggerated rise in nonessential AA (+86%), mainly glutamine,
      proline, glutamate, serine, glycine, and alanine. Total essential AA in patients
      increased as much as in control subjects; however, threonine and phenylalanine
      showed greater increases while leucine had a smaller increase. As a consequence
      of the observed alterations, a striking unbalance in the postprandial pattern of
      arterial AA ensued in CRF patients. The flow of AA to all the organs is altered
      during the absorptive phase, which is crucial for body nitrogen-pool
      replenishment.

PMID- 3687827
TI  - Vitamin A status of preterm infants: correlation between plasma retinol
      concentration and retinol dose response.
AB  - Retinol dose response tests were performed on 83 preterm infants shortly before
      discharge by giving orally 5000 IU of an aqueous dispersion of retinol. Predose
      plasma retinol concentrations were 2.5-20.5 micrograms/dL (0.087-0.72 mumol/L)
      and the retinol dose responses were 0-59.8%. The regression of retinol dose
      response on predose retinol was -0.58. There was a parallel increase in both
      retinol and retinol-binding protein and an increase in the molar ratio of retinol
      binding protein to prealbumin. Prealbumin did not increase. These findings
      suggest that preterm infants have reduced liver stores of vitamin A.

PMID- 3687828
TI  - Vitamin A intake and plasma retinol levels in healthy elderly men and women.
AB  - We examined intakes of vitamin A (diet plus supplement) and plasma retinol levels
      in a select group of elderly men (n = 90) and women (n = 110) on three separate
      occasions over a 4-y period. Median dietary levels remained at approximately 1400
      retinol equivalents (RE) in men and 1250 RE in women. There were no time trends
      or gender differences noted in plasma retinol concentrations. Approximately 44%
      of the elderly men and women consumed an average of 2000 RE of a vitamin A
      supplement daily. Those taking supplement had a greater mean plasma retinol
      concentration than those not taking a supplement. This effect was greater in men
      than in women. A review of previous studies revealed that plasma retinol
      increases from a mean of approximately 35 micrograms/dL (1.22 mumol/L) at
      preschool age to a plateau of approximately 60 micrograms/dL (2.09 mumol/L) by
      age 40 y in men and 60 y in women.

PMID- 3687829
TI  - Vitamin B-6 metabolism as affected by exercise in trained and untrained women fed
      diets differing in carbohydrate and vitamin B-6 content.
AB  - To assess the effect of exercise on vitamin B-6 metabolism in women, five young
      trained, five young-untrained, and five postmenopausal-untrained women were
      alternately fed four diets and then exercised (80% VO2 max; 20 min) after each
      diet. The following diets were fed: 2 wk moderate carbohydrate (CHO) (49%) (2.3
      mg B-6); 1 wk high CHO (64%) (2.4 mg B-6); 2 wk moderate CHO + B-6 (10.3 mg B-6);
      1 wk high CHO + B-6); 1 wk high CHO + B-6 (10.4 mg B-6). Blood was drawn pre- and
      postexercise and post-30 min and post-60 min of exercise and analyzed for plasma
      pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) and total B-6. Twenty-four-hour urines were analyzed
      for 4-pyridoxic acid and urinary B-6. PLP and total B-6 increased significantly
      with exercise and decreased significantly from post- to post-60 min for all
      diets. Four-pyridoxic acid increased significantly from the preexercise day to
      the day of exercise for all diets. Although there was a significant change in B-6
      metabolism with exercise, neither training, increased CHO, nor age had an effect
      on this change.

PMID- 3687830
TI  - Breast cancer. Experiences with conservation therapy.
AB  - A series of 1,504 patients with clinically node-negative carcinoma of the breast
      treated by breast conservation has been followed for 26 years. The majority did
      not have an axillary dissection. A relative survival of 84% at 5 years and 72% at
      10 years compares favorably with reported survival rates for radical surgery.
      Postoperative irradiation does not influence survival but breast irradiation
      reduces relapse in the breast. Irradiation of the regional nodes is unnecessary.
      Lumpectomy alone in clinically node-negative patients produces a survival rate
      equivalent to more radical treatment. Younger patients had larger tumors, an
      increased risk of breast relapse, and reduced survival. Local or distant relapse
      was not a function of estrogen receptor (ER) or progesterone receptor (PR)
      status.

PMID- 3687831
TI  - Patterns of recurrence from head and neck cancer. An immunologic perspective.
AB  - The influence of pretreatment natural killer (NK) cell activity on patterns of
      disease recurrence in patients with head and neck cancer was studied. One hundred
      eighty-three patients were followed prospectively for disease recurrence
      following definitive therapy (median disease-free follow-up = 15 months).
      Pretreatment peripheral blood NK cell activity against K562 target cells was
      measured for each patient and expressed in lytic units (LU). The risk of death
      caused by recurrent disease was greatest in those patients with peripheral blood
      NK cell activity less than 60 LU (P less than 0.05). The site of recurrence could
      also be distinguished by LU value. As a percentage of total recurrences, locally
      recurrent disease was predominant in the patients with NK function greater than
      60 LU whereas distant metastases predominated in the group of patients with
      peripheral blood NK cell activity less than 60 LU. These patterns were maintained
      when patients were stratified by clinical N stage (N = 0 versus N+), T stage (T-1
      or T-2 versus T-3 or T-4), and treatment regimen (surgery alone versus surgery
      and postoperative radiation therapy). Natural killer cell activity appears to
      have prognostic significance, both for disease-free survival and for site of
      recurrence independent of clinical stage. The indications for multimodality
      therapy for patients with head and neck cancer when stratified by NK cell
      function need to be clarified.

PMID- 3687832
TI  - Effects of oxygen on the metabolism of murine tumors using in vivo phosphorus-31
      NMR.
AB  - The effect of 100% inspired oxygen on in vivo tumor metabolism was examined using
      phosphorus-31 (31P) NMR spectroscopy. Isotransplants of two murine tumor
      histologies, designated MCaIV (C3H mammary adenocarcinoma) and FSaII (C3H
      fibrosarcoma), were used in syngeneic mice. Tumor volumes ranged from 30 to 1,800
      mm3. Both tumor histologies are known to have a high hypoxic cell fraction when
      tumor volumes exceed 250 mm3. 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were
      obtained at 145.587 MHz, and the signal was detected using a 1.4 cm diameter,
      single loop coil designed to localize the signal from only the tumor. Spectral
      parameters for optimal signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) included a 60 degrees pulse
      and a 2-second recycle delay. Tumors were implanted in the hindfoot dorsum to
      assure that all detected mobile phosphates were of tumor origin.
      Phosphocreatine/inorganic phosphate (PCr/Pi) ratios of large tumors (greater than
      250 mm3) were reduced compared with small tumors (less than 250 mm3) of the same
      histology. The increased PCr/Pi response to 100% inspired oxygen was greater for
      large tumors and for tumors with lower baseline PCr/Pi ratios. When host animals
      were given 10% oxygen for respiration, there was an increase in Pi and a decrease
      in both PCr and ATP. The response to 10% oxygen was observed in both large and
      small tumors of both tumor histologies studied. Resting skeletal muscle exhibited
      no alteration in the NMR spectrum during either 100 or 10% oxygen breathing. We
      conclude that the fractional increase in PCr/Pi ratio that occurs after 100%
      oxygen breathing is a sensitive, noninvasive method of detecting tumor hypoxia.

PMID- 3687833
TI  - Escalating doses of sequential methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and
      vincristine for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.
AB  - Antitumor efficacy of sequential methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, and mid-cycle
      doxorubicin regimens has been established in advanced gastric cancer. Based on
      similar theoretical kinetic considerations, we treated 15 women with metastatic
      breast cancer with a five-drug nonalkylating agent regimen. Six of 14 evaluable
      patients had an objective response. Three patients achieved a complete remission
      (duration 9, 14, 19+ months), and 3 attained a partial remission (duration 2, 3,
      6 months). Hematologic toxicity was significant, with 8 patients developing
      moderate to severe (ECOG grade 3 or 4) toxicity. Although significant antitumor
      activity with this nonalkylating agent regimen was observed, hematologic toxicity
      was considerable and limits the usefulness of this regimen in its present
      schedule.

PMID- 3687835
TI  - Phase I study of the combination of disulfiram with cisplatin.
AB  - In light of preclinical evidence that disulfiram and related compounds decrease
      the toxicity and increase the therapeutic index of cisplatin, 12 patients were
      treated with a combination of cisplatin and oral disulfiram to determine the
      maximum tolerated dose of disulfiram that could be combined with cisplatin 100
      mg/m2, and to determine the dose-limiting toxicity of disulfiram in this
      combination. Reversible confusion was the dose-limiting toxicity at a disulfiram
      dose of 3,000 mg/m2 administered 1 h before the end of a 2-h cisplatin infusion.
      A randomized study of cisplatin with or without disulfiram 2,000 mg/m2 p.o. is
      currently being conducted to determine the effect of disulfiram on cisplatin
      toxicity and pharmacology.

PMID- 3687834
TI  - Validation of the clinical predictive values of the in vitro phase II clonogenic
      assay in cancer of the breast and ovary.
AB  - The in vitro evaluation of new antineoplastic agents has been advocated as a
      method of selecting drugs for Phase I-II trials in patients. This paper is an
      attempt to validate, in an unbiased manner, the so-called in vitro Phase II
      clonogenic assay with regard to its predictive power in the clinic. Breast and
      ovarian cancer were chosen because of the relatively large number of drugs
      clinically evaluated for these diseases; 298 patients were studied. For
      metastatic breast cancer 12 drugs, six clinically active and six inactive, were
      tested. It was found that in patients without prior chemotherapy, there is an
      association between results in vitro and in vivo. In metastatic ovarian cancer,
      11 drugs, four of which are known to be clinically inactive, were studied. The
      same positive association was seen for patients without prior chemotherapy. The
      implications of these findings are discussed.

PMID- 3687836
TI  - Problems in the identification of a cancer family.

PMID- 3687837
TI  - The cascade effect in clinical oncology.

PMID- 3687838
TI  - Effects of standardized ginseng extract on learning, memory and physical
      capabilities.
AB  - Standardized ginseng extract (G115, Pharmaton, Lugano) was administered orally at
      doses of 3, 10, 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg for 10 days as ten rats were used with each
      dose. With the "shuttle-box" method for active avoidance most pronounced effect
      on learning and memory was obtained by the dose of 10 mg/kg. With the "step-down"
      method for passive avoidance the dose of 30 mg/kg significantly improved
      retention. In the staircase maze training with positive (alimentary)
      reinforcement only the dose of 10 mg/kg significantly improved learning and
      memory. The dose of 100 mg/kg greatly increased the locomotor activity of mice.
      The results show that ginseng at appropriate doses improves learning, memory and
      physical capabilities. Bell-shaped dose-effect curves, reported with other
      nootropic drugs, were obtained.

PMID- 3687839
TI  - Effect of hsien-ho-t'sao (Agrimonia pilosa) on experimental thrombosis in mice.
AB  - The water extract of Hsien-Ho-T'sao (HHT) prolonged the tail bleeding time in
      conscious mice. This antihemostatic effect was dose-dependent and exhibited a
      biphasic pattern; i.e. its activity declined at doses higher than 0.5 mg/kg. the
      prolonged bleeding time persisted for at least 12 hr and maximal effect was
      observed at 3 hr after the oral administration of HHT 500 mg/kg. HHT was
      effective in preventing ADP-induced acute pulmonary thromboembolic death in mice,
      while aspirin and indomethacin had no effect on this model. HHT, like aspirin and
      indomethacin, also reduced the mortality in collagen- and sodium arachidonate
      induced thromboembolic death. All three drugs caused no significant protection in
      endotoxin shock. HHT was found to suppress platelet aggregation markedly, but
      little effect on blood coagulation. In conclusion, HHT was proved to be effective
      in the treatment of acute pulmonary thromboembolism, and this effect was mainly
      due to its antiplatelet action.

PMID- 3687840
TI  - Effects of Sophora flavescens Ait. on haemodynamics and ventricular fibrillation
      threshold in anaesthetized dogs.
AB  - The effects of an ethanol extract of the plant Sophora flavescens Ait. on
      haemodynamics and ventricular fibrillation threshold were studied in
      pentobarbitone-anaesthetized dogs. It was found that intravenous injection of the
      extract, 120 mg/kg, caused transient but significant depression in systolic and
      diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, left ventricular pressure and dLVP/dtmax,
      as well as elevation of ventricular fibrillation threshold. These preliminary
      findings suggest that the ethanol extract of Sophora flavescens Ait. possesses
      pharmacological activities resembling those of antiarrhythmic agents, but the
      mechanisms of action are unclear.

PMID- 3687841
TI  - A comparative study on the pyrrolizidine alkaloid content and the pattern of
      hepatic pyrrolic metabolite accumulation in mice given extracts of Eupatorium
      plant species, Crotalaria assamica and an Indian herbal mixture.
AB  - Plants belonging to the Eupatorium species, E. japonicum Thunb, E. fortunei and
      E. chinense, were found to contain very low concentrations of pyrrolizidine
      alkaloid compared with a known hepatotoxic Indian herbal mixture and Crotalaria
      assamica. High concentrations of pyrrolic metabolite were detected in livers of
      mice given a single oral dose of extracts of Indian herbal mixture or C. assamica
      but not in the case of the Eupatorium species. Also, accumulation of pyrrole
      metabolites was not demonstrated with chronic administration of decoctions
      prepared from herbs of the Eupatorium species.

PMID- 3687842
TI  - Are there long lasting effects on migraine headache after one series of
      acupuncture treatments?
AB  - The long term effect of one series of acupuncture treatments on migraine headache
      was investigated. Twenty-five patients (20 women, 5 men) with a mean migraine
      history of 22 years and a stable, severe migraine (mean frequency 8 days/28 days)
      completed the study, out of 30 originally enrolled. The patients recorded the
      presence, severity and duration of headache as well as drug consumption during
      three 12 weeks long periods: one pretreatment period (baseline period = BP),
      follow up period I (FU I) immediately following the treatment period of 6-8 weeks
      and follow up period II (FU II) starting the 25th post treatment week. An index
      for migrainous headache was calculated for each 28 day period (number of days
      times severity rated 1, 2 or 3). Acupuncture was given close to or in the region
      of the headache. During FU I and FU II the migraine index had decreased 40% and
      39%, respectively, compared to BP (to 10.3 and 10.5 from 17.2), giving a
      statistical significance with p less than 0.01. The number of days with migraine
      headache was reduced 35 and 34%, respectively, during FU I and FU II to 5.1 and
      5.2 from 8.0 days/28 days during BP. This reduction is significant too with p
      less than 0.05 and was responsible for almost the whole reduction of the index.
      Thus the severity of the pain was not much changed. On an individual basis 7 of
      the 25 patients obtained a very large reduction of migraine headache.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3687843
TI  - Effects of moxibusting Point Kuan-Yuan on cardiovascular and renal responses to
      histamine-induced shock.
AB  - Moxibustion of the Point Kuan-Yuan is said by some Chinese herb doctors to have
      "anti-shock" effect. Using histamine-induced shock in anesthetized dogs, we
      studied the cardiovascular and renal effects of moxibusting Point Kuan-Yuan. We
      found that it significantly increased cardiac output, total peripheral
      resistance, and mean blood pressure but it did not significantly increase heart
      rate. Moxibustion also significantly increased renal plasma flow, glomerular
      filtration rate, urine flow, and Na+ Cl-K+ excretions. Whether moxibusting Kuan
      Yuan may be useful as an adjunct in treating clinical shocks deserves more
      extensive studies in well-controlled clinical situations. It may also be helpful
      in clinical situations in which elevation of the sympathetic activity may be
      beneficial.

PMID- 3687844
TI  - The dot blot direct antiglobulin test.
AB  - The direct antiglobulin test (DAT) is the most widely used serologic method to
      determine whether antibody or complement has bound to red blood cells in vivo. A
      solid phase DAT, based on the dot immunobinding technic, has been developed (DOT
      DAT). The solid phase was prepared by attaching anti-human IgG to nitrocellulose
      membranes. Patients' red blood cells were washed in saline and layered on top of
      the membranes. After 5 minutes the membranes were washed and the results were
      read. A positive reaction had a red dot of adherent cells on the membrane,
      whereas a negative membrane remained white. Good correlation was observed between
      the DOT DAT and the hemagglutination DAT after testing of 131 patient samples.
      The primary advantages of the DOT DAT were its stability, simplicity, and
      objective end point.

PMID- 3687845
TI  - A modified, solid phase radioimmunoassay for the differential diagnosis of acute
      and convalescent phases of hepatitis A infection.
AB  - The commercial assays for diagnosing the presence of hepatitis A antibodies
      (HAVAB; Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, IL) or the presence of IgM class anti
      hepatitis A virus antibodies (HAVAB-M; Abbott) do not provide precise information
      as to the timing of the acute infection. IgM class antibodies are detected as
      late as six months after the acute infection. In this study the authors describe
      a modified HAVAB test that inactivates the IgM class antibodies. It thus measures
      the proportion of IgG antibodies out of the total anti-hepatitis A virus
      antibodies. In a study of 139 patients with impaired liver function, the
      available and modified tests showed good agreement except for the convalescent
      phase of hepatitis A. During serial testing for three months after the acute
      infection, the commercial tests continuously detected IgM class antibodies. The
      modified test detected predominantly IgG class antibodies from four weeks on. By
      six weeks, 85% of the patients had predominantly IgG class antibodies. The
      modified test thus provides information on the timing of recent hepatitis A
      infection.

PMID- 3687846
TI  - Urine sediment analysis by the Yellow IRIS automated urinalysis workstation.
AB  - The Yellow IRIS automated urinalysis workstation (International Remote Imaging
      Systems, Chatsworth, CA 91311) performs urine sediment analysis with the use of
      Automated Intelligent Microscopy (AIM). It ranks and counts particles based on
      size. A split sample study using 268 individual urine specimens was performed
      comparing sediment analyte detection by the Yellow IRIS with that achieved by a
      standard manual method. The detection ratio ("positive" specimens detected by the
      Yellow IRIS divided by "positive" specimens detected by the manual method) for
      the presence of various analytes, as well as the presence of abnormal numbers of
      analytes, was determined. The significance of each detection ratio was tested by
      calculating the McNemar's statistic, which is useful in the evaluation of
      nonparametric data collected by two different methods on identical specimens.
      Results were considered abnormal if the red blood count was greater than or equal
      to three per high-power field, the white blood cell count was greater than or
      equal to five per high-power field, or squamous epithelial cells were greater
      than or equal to five per high-power field. The results indicate that the Yellow
      IRIS enhances the detection of urinary sediment components.

PMID- 3687847
TI  - A quality assurance program for clinical pathology residents.
AB  - A quality assurance study was undertaken to examine the clinical pathology
      residency program at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. During a three-month period,
      clinical pathology residents kept a log of all the problems encountered while "on
      call." A staff pathologist rated the performance of the resident in terms of how
      well he or she solved each problem. Of the 109 calls evaluated, one was judged to
      have been handled incorrectly, and 7 others were considered to have been answered
      in a conditional manner. The Blood Bank generated the largest number of calls
      (66), and requests for blood products were the single most common call (29). The
      review of all on-call problems with staff pathologists proved to be a valuable
      educational tool, both for the residents and staff. In addition, the study served
      as an impetus for development of a useful program for evaluating and, if
      necessary, correcting decisions made by pathology residents.

PMID- 3687848
TI  - Establishing enduring prevention programs: advancing the legacy of Swampscott.
AB  - The recent anniversary of the 1965 Swampscott Conference provided an opportunity
      to reconsider the implications of that meeting for prevention research. An
      unfulfilled aspect of the Swampscott legacy is the relative paucity of
      demonstration programs that become enduring parts of their host settings. A
      macrolevel, systems-oriented reformulation of Albee's (1982) prevention formula
      is presented to help conceptualize the linkage of prevention programs to their
      host settings. Finally, structural considerations necessary for weaving efforts
      at prevention and health promotion into adaptive, enduring organizational niches
      are reviewed.

PMID- 3687849
TI  - A test of reciprocal risk between undesirable economic and noneconomic life
      events.
AB  - The proposition that undesirable life experiences are risk factors for each other
      was explored by testing several hypotheses concerning the temporal relationships
      between economic and noneconomic life events. The tests were conducted using data
      describing the incidence of stressful experiences among approximately 3,500 Anglo
      and Hispanic residents of Los Angeles County. Findings suggested that Anglo men
      who have undesirable economic life experiences are at increased risk of
      subsequent undesirable noneconomic experiences. Anglo women, however, exhibited
      the opposite pattern in that those with undesirable noneconomic experiences were
      at greater risk of subsequent undesirable economic experiences. Implications for
      theory and practice are also discussed.

PMID- 3687850
TI  - Social support and coping: a longitudinal analysis.
AB  - This paper examined the interrelation between social support and coping in a
      longitudinal study of 380 clinically depressed individuals. A two-wave, two
      variable panel analysis revealed that connections between support and coping
      varied by gender and across the specific sources of support and modes of coping
      examined. In the family context, increases in support were related to increases
      in problem-solving coping among women and to a decline in emotional discharge
      coping among men. In the work context, increases in social support were related
      to a greater reliance on affective regulation among women and to more
      information/support seeking among men. Overall, the results suggest that specific
      aspects of support and coping processes jointly mediate the link between stress
      and adjustment among depressed individuals.

PMID- 3687851
TI  - Factors related to school absence among children with cardiac conditions.
AB  - This study compared psychosocial and health factors related to school absence
      among 62 children with cardiac disease and 62 age-, sex-, and race-matched peers
      without chronic health conditions. Parents of children with cardiac conditions
      perceived their children as more vulnerable and rated themselves and their
      children as having less control over improving their children's health status
      than did parents of the well children. Increased school absentee rates for the
      cardiac group were associated with measures of illness severity, parental
      patterns of absenting their child from school for minor illnesses, and decreased
      belief in their child's ability to improve his or her health status. For the well
      comparison group, increased absence was related to external health locus of
      control beliefs, increased maternal sick days, and demographic factors. School
      absence was not significantly related to social adaptation, self-esteem, or
      school achievement for either the well or cardiac groups.

PMID- 3687852
TI  - BMX bicycle injuries in hemophiliacs.

PMID- 3687853
TI  - An eight-variable clinical assessment model for the prediction of cervical spine
      injury in children.

PMID- 3687854
TI  - Firearms and child safety.

PMID- 3687856
TI  - Subperiosteal bleeding with acute bone infarcts in children with sickle cell
      disease.

PMID- 3687857
TI  - Early attainment of sex and race differences in skeletal mass.

PMID- 3687855
TI  - Premature thelarche in Puerto Rico.

PMID- 3687858
TI  - Necrotizing enterocolitis in multiple gestation.

PMID- 3687859
TI  - Severe perinatal asphyxia and Apgar scores.

PMID- 3687860
TI  - Bone mineral content in infants.

PMID- 3687861
TI  - Succinylcholine: a depolarizing relaxant.

PMID- 3687862
TI  - Our children are being maimed and killed. Injury, accidents, poisoning, and
      development.

PMID- 3687863
TI  - The pediatric residency program of the future. IV. Pediatrics as a career choice
      for new physicians.

PMID- 3687864
TI  - Thursday was a good day.

PMID- 3687865
TI  - Wrongful births. When is there liability for prenatal injury?
AB  - Every jurisdiction recognizes the right of a child to recover damages for
      prenatal injury caused by the negligence of a third party. This concept of
      liability for prenatal injury has been extended to include the right of parents
      (and sometimes the child) to recover damages from a physician who negligently
      deprives them of the opportunity to prevent the "wrongful birth" of an affected
      child. The most troubling question to arise, however, is whether a pregnant woman
      has a legal duty to avoid negligent behavior that may injure her future child.
      The unique and compelling conflicts that surround the recognition of such a
      prematernal duty encompass the child's right to be born free of any negligently
      induced injury and the pregnant woman's rights to personal privacy and bodily
      autonomy.

PMID- 3687866
TI  - Falls in urban children. A problem revisited.
AB  - Falls in urban setting are a common cause for emergency room visits in children
      and adolescents. In a retrospective review, the charts of 48 patients admitted
      between 1980 and 1985 with a history of a vertical fall from a height were
      examined. In comparison, a previous review from the same institution disclosed
      that 66 patients were admitted because of a vertical fall from a height between
      1965 and 1974, suggesting an increase of 37.5%. Most children fell from heights
      of 12 ft or less, although an increasing proportion of children in our series
      (33%) fell from heights of 36 ft or less. Sites included windows, walls, and
      roofs. The peak age of incidence has increased from 2 to 6 years; however, the
      mean age of children in whom significant injury occurred was 7.5 years, with only
      27% of children under 3 years of age suffering a documented injury, as opposed to
      67% of children over 3 years of age. Children are more apt to suffer a fracture
      than any other injury, most likely a fracture of the ulna and/or radius. Although
      hospital costs are high, mortality rates (2%) and the incidence of long-term
      sequelae (4%) are low. In conclusion, falls in the urban setting continue to be a
      significant public health problem, particularly in the 6- to 7-year age group.

PMID- 3687867
TI  - Accidental farm injuries in children.
AB  - Eighty-seven children with 88 farm injuries presented to our emergency room in
      Rochester, Minn, from November 1974 to July 1985. Seventy-four accidents (84.1%)
      occurred in boys, and 14 (15.9%) in girls. Ages ranged from 1 to 16 years. Farm
      machines involved included corn augers in 37 accidents (42.0%); tractors, 22
      (25.0%); power takeoffs, ten (11.4%); conveyor belts, five (5.7%); and
      miscellaneous, 14 (15.9%). Fractures and lacerations were the most common
      injuries, occurring in 55 (62.5%) and 30 (34.1%), respectively. Significant long
      term disability occurred in 36 (40.9%). Eleven children required multiple
      reconstructive surgical procedures; two died. Preventive measures that can be
      employed by physicians, family members, educators, and legislators are discussed.

PMID- 3687868
TI  - Unintentional injuries. Patterns within families.
AB  - The occurrence of unintentional injuries is known to be influenced by physical
      and socioeconomic environmental factors as well as human behavior. Questions
      remain about how personal characteristics interact with the social,
      psychological, and physical environment to increase the risk of injury. The
      present study investigated the role of families in the injury experience of
      individual family members. Health encounter data from 693 families over a six
      year period were analyzed. A small number of families accounted for a
      disproportionately large number of visits for injuries. Individual members of
      families tended to have similar rates of injury, and these rates were stable over
      time. Individual accident experience is influenced by the family to which one
      belongs. Injury prevention programs may find increased success by directing
      intervention strategies toward families.

PMID- 3687869
TI  - Human bites in children. A six-year experience.
AB  - Three hundred twenty-two human bites in children, occurring during a six-year
      period, were reviewed. The majority occurred during warm-weather months between 2
      PM and 11 PM. The upper extremities (42%), face and neck (33%), and trunk (22%)
      were most commonly bitten. At the time of injury, children were most often
      engaged in fights (61%) or play (26%). Seventy-five percent of wounds were
      superficial abrasions, 13% were punctures, and 11% were lacerations. None of the
      242 abrasions became infected as opposed to 38% of the punctures and 37% of the
      lacerations. Other factors associated with increased risk of infection were delay
      in initial physician assessment beyond 18 hours after injury, location of the
      bite on the upper extremities, and occurrence of injury during sports activities.
      Prophylactic use of penicillin was probably not effective in reducing infection
      rates in these children; however, prospective data are needed to properly address
      this issue.

PMID- 3687870
TI  - Removal of cactus spines from the skin. A comparative evaluation of several
      methods.
AB  - The removal of very fine cactus spines from the skin is particularly distressing
      for the pediatric patient. We describe two typical patients and a study in
      experimental animals comparing the effectiveness of several previously described
      methods for removal. The most effective method involved using tweezers to remove
      clumps of spines followed by a thin layer of glue covered with gauze, which was
      allowed to dry and then peeled off to remove individual spines. Attempts to use
      adhesive tape or a thin layer of a commercial facial mask to aid in removal of
      the spines produced more retention and inflammation three days after removal than
      no treatment.

PMID- 3687871
TI  - Long-term surveillance of high-risk children.
AB  - We followed a group of high-risk children, both those who passed early
      developmental screenings and those who did not. Three hundred sixty-two children
      who had previously passed screenings were evaluated at 5 years of age.
      Significant differences were found between this group and a comparison group in
      mean scores on verbal, perceptuomotor, and preacademic tests. Children who had
      previously failed screenings at or before 30 months of age were followed up
      through telephone interviews with referral agencies and records review. Ninety
      percent proved to have significant problems, and 67% were in special education
      programs at 5 years of age. This study demonstrates the need for long-term follow
      up of high-risk children at least to the age of school entry.

PMID- 3687872
TI  - Infant safety seat use. Reaching the hard to reach.
AB  - We crafted an interactive video infant safety seat (ISS) education program for
      presentation to postpartum mothers. This program was designed to reach all
      socioeconomic groups with the message that consistent, correct ISS use is
      important. The program was further designed to be physically portable, versatile,
      and affordable and to narrow previously observed differences in correct ISS use
      between groups of high and low socioeconomic status exposed to the same
      educational message. Observed ISS use at an examination after four months
      confirmed the utility of this program in meeting the experimental goals. While
      also reaching other program goals, the interactive video program (64.6% correct
      use) was found to be at least as effective as a control education program (63.9%
      correct use).

PMID- 3687873
TI  - Office education by pediatricians to increase seat belt use.
AB  - We studied promoting seat belt use by school-aged children through discussions
      with their pediatricians. The study population consisted of 242 well children
      observed coming to and leaving from a private pediatric practice. Only four (5%)
      of 73 control patients who did not wear their seat belts coming in wore them
      going out. For intervention patients, this figure was 29 (38%) of 77. At one-year
      follow-up by questionnaire, there were no statistical differences between the
      percentage of seat belt use in control (67%) vs intervention (62%) patients.
      However, pediatricians' reported percentage of patients routinely counseled about
      seat belt use prior to the start of the study was highly correlated with
      patients' observed prestudy seat belt use. Pediatricians should include education
      about automobile safety as a part of all well-child visits.

PMID- 3687874
TI  - Appendicitis in children. Accuracy of the barium enema.
AB  - The barium enema (BE) may be useful in the diagnosis of atypical appendicitis in
      children. We analyzed our experience with 18 children in whom appendicitis was
      suspected and BE was performed. All of the children underwent surgical
      exploration. Nonfilling of the appendix with cecal indentation, extravasation of
      barium from the appendix, or both, were considered positive signs of an inflamed
      appendix on BE. Using these criteria, 12 of 14 cases of proved appendicitis were
      true positive and two were equivocal. Four children were proved not to have
      appendicitis; one of these patients had a true-negative BE, two had equivocal
      BEs, and there was one false-positive BE (Schonlein-Henoch purpura).
      Extravasation of barium into the peritoneal cavity was noted in one patient; this
      was a rare complication.

PMID- 3687875
TI  - Congenital ocular blindness in children, 1945 to 1984.
AB  - A total of 676 children born in British Columbia with congenital ocular blindness
      during the years 1945 through 1984 were studied. The birth prevalence rate of
      congenital blindness has decreased from eight per 10,000 live births in the late
      1940s to three per 10,000 live births. Retinopathy of prematurity was replaced by
      genetic ocular disorders as the leading cause of congenital blindness, although
      the former is reemerging. The rate of congenital rubella infection also declined.
      There has been a significant increase in the rate of births with optic nerve
      lesions during the past 15 years, while the rate of births with lesions of the
      lens fell, reflecting the decline in the rate of maternal rubella infection.
      There are fewer children with congenital ocular legal blindness who have no light
      perception today, and they also have fewer associated handicaps.

PMID- 3687876
TI  - Radiological case of the month. 'Barbie' doll curler aspiration into the upper
      trachea.

PMID- 3687877
TI  - The asymptomatic newborn and risk of cerebral palsy.
AB  - We investigated whether infants weighing over 2500 g who had experienced one or
      more of 14 late pregnancy or birth complications, but who were free of certain
      signs in the nursery period were at increased risk of cerebral palsy (CP). The
      signs evaluated were decreased activity after the first day of life, need for
      incubator care for three or more days, feeding problems, poor suck, respiratory
      difficulty, or neonatal seizures. More than 90% of the infants weighing over 2500
      g had none of these signs. In asymptomatic infants with one or more birth
      complications, the rate of CP by 7 years of age was 2.3/1000; among asymptomatic
      infants whose births were uncomplicated, the rate of CP was 2.4/1000. The risk
      for CP rose with number of abnormal neonatal signs, and children with sustained
      neonatal abnormalities were at higher risk than those whose abnormalities were
      transient. Most children with CP did not derive from groups at increased risk.
      The full-term infant whose birth was complicated but who was free of certain
      abnormal signs in the newborn period was not at increased risk of CP.

PMID- 3687878
TI  - Clonidine and naltrexone in the outpatient treatment of heroin withdrawal.
AB  - Clonidine hydrochloride (an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist) and naltrexone
      hydrochloride (an opioid antagonist), given in combination, provided a safe and
      effective treatment of abrupt opioid withdrawal over 5 days in an outpatient/day
      setting. Before starting the clonidine, a naloxone challenge test was used to
      verify and quantify opioid dependence, and the naloxone challenge test score was
      then used to determine initial medication doses. Initial naloxone challenge test
      scores predicted subsequent patient discomfort during the 5-day clonidine
      naltrexone protocol. Twelve of 14 (86%) heroin users successfully withdrew from
      opioids and simultaneously initiated naltrexone maintenance.

PMID- 3687879
TI  - Heroin availability and aggregate levels of use: secular trends in an urban black
      cohort.
AB  - The influence of heroin availability on the aggregate level of use of this drug
      was investigated for a normal Black cohort (born between 1952 and 1957) who grew
      up in Harlem (New York City). Data obtained on the second and third waves of a
      panel study were used to estimate annual rates of heroin initiation and cessation
      from the mid-1960s through 1983. The aggregated time-series variables indicated
      that initiation into heroin use was largely confined to adolescence and that
      cessation rates exhibited substantial year-to-year fluctuations with no apparent
      relationship to either chronological age or calendar year. Respondents born
      before 1955, however, had much higher rates of heroin use than those born in
      later years. Temporal trends in initiation and cessation were uncorrelated with
      changes in the purity of heroin sold in New York City between 1973 and 1983,
      suggesting that aggregate levels of heroin use in this sample were little
      affected by changes in supply. More speculatively, cohort differences in lifetime
      prevalence may reflect varying availability at the times younger and older
      cohorts entered adolescence. This possibility could not be directly tested
      because of the absence of reliable purity data going back sufficiently far in
      time.

PMID- 3687880
TI  - Differences in character roles between adolescents from alcoholic and
      nonalcoholic homes.
AB  - The present study was an initial investigation to determine whether differences
      existed in role-prescribed behaviors between adolescents from alcoholic and
      nonalcoholic homes. Specifically, the study investigated Black's contention that
      children of alcoholics adopt one or more of the roles of responsible child,
      placater, adjuster, and acting-out child. The Children of Alcoholics Screening
      Test (CAST) was used to identify responses to parental drinking behavior and the
      Children of Alcoholics Family Role Instrument (CAFRI) was developed to obtain a
      measure of subjects' perceptions of role behavior. The independent variable was
      group membership in either an alcoholic or nonalcoholic family and the dependent
      variables were the role scores on the CAFRI. Statistical comparisons of
      differences in individual roles between groups indicated that adolescents from
      alcoholic families rated themselves higher on the acting-out role with a
      prominent although nonsignificant tendency to exhibit behaviors characteristic of
      the placater and adjuster. A post-hoc analysis demonstrated no significant
      differences between roles on birth order or age. A significant effect for gender
      was evidenced on the placater role only, with females rating higher than males.
      Results are discussed in terms of the influence of a differential self-reported
      enactment of specific character roles between adolescents from alcoholic and
      nonalcoholic families.

PMID- 3687881
TI  - The use of vignette analysis of dangerous driving situations involving alcohol to
      differentiate adolescent DWI offenders and high school drivers.
AB  - Adolescent drivers are commonly involved in a variety of dangerous driving
      situations involving alcohol and drug use. Both situational and personality
      factors contribute to the adolescent DWI phenomenon. Little is known about young
      drivers' ability to analyze common potentially dangerous alcohol-involved driving
      situations, or in what respects differing patterns of analysis differentiate
      adolescent drivers at risk for DWI. Three groups of adolescent drivers (N = 153)
      completed an analysis of vignettes questionnaire to assess their decision-making
      skills and attitudes with respect to drinking and driving. The three comparison
      groups consisted of high school drivers, young DWI offenders, and juvenile
      offenders without DWI citations. Subjects were demographically similar except for
      academic performance, employment, family intactness, car ownership, and drug and
      alcohol use, with DWI offenders and non-DWI offenders showing significant
      differences in these measures (p less than .001). Situation analysis showed that
      adolescent DWI offenders more often than controls drink prior to driving (p less
      than .001), associate alcohol with many social events and dating (p less than
      .001), become angry when questioned about driving ability (p less than .001),
      play drinking games (p = .1), drive fast to resolve stress (p = .001), are less
      likely to recruit parents when faced with driving intoxicated (p less than .001),
      and a number of other situational characteristics indicating differential risk
      between groups for DWI. In many cases, other juvenile offenders matched responses
      of DWI offenders. Important aspects of these findings are discussed in the
      context of intervention strategies and the use of vignette analysis as one tool
      to identify high-risk adolescent drivers for DWI.

PMID- 3687882
TI  - The social context of drinking among high school drinking drivers.
AB  - Over 2,000 high school students were surveyed with an anonymous questionnaire to
      determine their frequency of drunk driving, social context of alcohol
      consumption, beliefs about drunk driving, and quantity and frequency of alcohol
      consumed. About 10% of the sample was identified as drunk drivers and they were
      compared with non-drunk driving drinkers according to a number of measures of
      where and why they drank. The results revealed highly significant differences in
      the social context of alcohol consumption for beer, wine, and liquor consumption.
      Across all three beverage categories, the most important discriminating social
      context factors were drinking at a dormitory and drinking to get along better on
      dates. Beer and liquor consumption were more important than wine consumption for
      discriminating drunk drivers from the non-problem drinking high school
      population. Quantity and frequency measures of alcohol consumption along with
      belief measures about drinking and driving did not substantially increase the
      discrimination between the two groups, but significantly increased the predictive
      power in a multiple regression analysis including the social context of alcohol
      consumption items.

PMID- 3687883
TI  - Predictors of 2.5-year outcome in opioid addicts: pretreatment source of income.
AB  - A recent 6-month follow-up of methadone maintenance (MM) suggested that addicts
      supported by public assistance before seeking MM have a globally poor prognosis
      compared to addicts supported by employment or illegal activities. We therefore
      examined 2.5-year outcome among addicts prognostically stratified by three major
      sources of pretreatment income: employment (n = 48), welfare (n = 46), and
      criminal activities (n = 57). Significant improvements in substance abuse,
      family, legal, and psychological problems were reported by all three groups.
      Furthermore, the welfare group showed the most improvement in medical status and
      on the Social Adjustment, Maudsley neuroticism, and Beck Depression scales. Thus,
      the welfare patients did not appear to have a globally poorer prognosis, although
      they showed the least improvement in employment and legal problems. To examine
      whether welfare patients on MM had no more than "expected" improvement in legal
      and employment problems, patients treated with MM (n = 83) were compared to those
      getting only detoxification (DT) (n = 40). Welfare patients showed no more
      improvement in these two areas from MM treatment than from DT alone, while at
      follow-up the "employed" and "criminal" groups had substantially less illegal
      income and unemployment with MM than with DT alone. Thus, welfare patients may do
      relatively poorly in some areas when treated on MM.

PMID- 3687884
TI  - The response of primary care physicians to problem drinkers.
AB  - This study examines the extent and characteristics of primary care physicians'
      response to their patients' drinking problems and several factors which might
      impede or facilitate their response. The data were collected in an anonymous
      questionnaire survey of primary care practitioners in the greater Boston area.
      Although most had been exposed to some type of alcohol education, few physicians
      were very confident in their patient management skills and few felt
      professionally responsible for long-term alcohol treatment. The data suggest that
      physicians may be reluctant to become involved in treatment they are not prepared
      to carry out or which they feel is not appropriate to their role. If physicians
      are to be encouraged to take an active role in the diagnosis and treatment of
      alcoholism, the emphasis of educational programs should go beyond increasing
      knowledge and changing attitudes, and focus instead on providing the necessary
      clinical skills.

PMID- 3687885
TI  - Sex differences in addict careers. 2. Becoming addicted.
AB  - Sex differences are examined for the period during which addiction develops after
      initial narcotics use. About 25% of the 546 heroin addicts studied became
      addicted within 1 month after initial use. More women than men fell into this
      category, and, on the average, women took less time to become addicted. For the
      majority of those studied (whose addiction occurred 1 month or longer after
      initial use), patterns of narcotic use during this phase of the addiction career
      were not significantly different by sex within Anglo or Chicano groups.
      Differences between female and male addicts in interpersonal relationships, other
      substance use, drug dealing, legal employment, and criminal behaviors parallel
      traditional sex role expectations.

PMID- 3687886
TI  - Life event and treatment attributions in drug abuse and rehabilitation.
AB  - How positive and negative life events are perceived by drug abusers in nearly
      unexplored, yet attribution theory specifies ways in which such perceptions might
      differentiate drug abusers from nonabusers; it also suggests how attributions
      might relate to treatment effects and to rehabilitation. This study tested
      attributions about life events by drug abusers and matched controls as the drug
      abusers first entered residential treatment, and again later during treatment.
      Attributions about success and failure in treatment were also assessed. Results
      showed that attribution processes significantly differentiated drug abusers from
      controls and that those processes were related to ultimate rehabilitation
      outcome. Ways in which treatment might be made more effective by focusing on
      attribution processes are suggested.

PMID- 3687887
TI  - Correlation between drug use by teenagers and drug use by older family members.
AB  - This study examines the relationship between drug use by teenagers and older
      family members living in the same household, using data from the National Survey
      on Drug Abuse. Drug use by teenagers was found to be correlated with drug use by
      fathers, mothers, and older siblings, in that teenagers were more likely to be
      drug users if the older adult was also a drug user. Correlations were significant
      across different drug types, but the most consistent relationship was between
      marijuana use by youth and marijuana use by the adult.

PMID- 3687888
TI  - The antecedents and benefits of achieving abstinence in opioid addicts: a 2.5
      year follow-up study.
AB  - This report examines long-term and short-term benefits of achieving abstinence
      from opioids in a sample of opioid addicts who were reevaluated 2.5 years
      following seeking treatment. Extensive assessment of drug use history and drug
      associated problems had been obtained when the subjects applied for treatment. At
      follow-up evaluations, detailed information was obtained on intervening course of
      drug use, treatment, legal problems, psychological problems, social functioning,
      occupational functioning, and medical status. The results were as follows: (1)
      Achieving abstinence from illicit opioids was associated with concurrent
      improvement in other aspects of functioning including reduction of criminal
      activity, improved medical status, improved social functioning, and reduced abuse
      of other psychoactive substances. However, many of these improvements were
      reversed immediately if relapse to opioid use occurred. (2) Achieving abstinence
      was associated with being in drug treatment, especially treatment in a methadone
      maintenance program. (3) Achievement of abstinence was not successfully predicted
      by client characteristics measured at entrance into treatment. (4) Long-range
      benefits of abstinence were detectable in social functioning even for those who
      had relapsed at the time of follow-up reevaluation.

PMID- 3687889
TI  - Sex differences in addict careers. 3. Addiction.
AB  - The process and correlates of addiction prior to treatment are examined for a
      sample of 546 women and men methadone maintenance clients. Narcotic addiction
      careers for women (defined both as from first daily use to first treatment
      intervention, and from first daily use to last daily use of heroin) were shorter
      than those for men, and women entered treatment earlier. However, the narcotic
      drug use patterns for women were not substantially different from those for men
      (including mean percentage of time using, number of times abstinent, number of
      relapses, and so forth). Narcotics use for many women was influenced by a spouse
      or partner, but some also reported increased use for hedonistic reasons. Criminal
      behaviors increased for both women and men after addiction, and the major sex
      difference was the type of crime committed. Differences for women and men for
      employment, welfare, and interpersonal relationships reflected patterns found in
      the larger society.

PMID- 3687890
TI  - Sex differences in addict careers. 4. Treatment.
AB  - Comparisons of behaviors during treatment were made between a sample of women and
      a sample of men methadone maintenance clients. Women in this study exhibited high
      motivation for treatment. Overall, however, small differences were found between
      the sexes with respect to treatment process and outcome measures. The observed
      differences that were significant included use of substances other than heroin,
      interpersonal relationships, drug dealing, employment, and criminal behaviors.
      The differences seemed to be in accordance with traditional sex role
      expectations. The distinctive behavior pattern of Chicanas demonstrated in this
      study demands special attention. It is suggested that treatment programs should
      incorporate more services to meet women-specific needs.

PMID- 3687891
TI  - The use of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule in drug-dependent patients.
AB  - In an attempt to diagnose other psychiatric disorders in substance abusers, some
      clinicians and investigators have utilized the NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule
      (DIS). This study assessed the validity of the DIS in a drug-dependent population
      by comparing DIS diagnoses with clinical diagnoses in 124 hospitalized drug
      abusers. Every attempt was made to establish the validity of the clinical
      diagnoses; these represented a consensus of two independent psychiatrists, based
      on repeated clinical interviews, observation of ward behavior, and information
      obtained from relatives regarding patient and family history. Concordance between
      clinical and DIS diagnoses (represented by the kappa statistic and percent
      agreement) was only moderate for DSM-III Axis I disorders other than substance
      abuse. In addition, the DIS diagnosed alcoholism less often and antisocial
      personality disorder more often than the clinicians. Factors contributing to the
      discrepancy between clinical and DIS diagnoses in this specific population
      include (a) drug abuse effects, whereby distinguishing between drug effects and
      primary psychiatric symptoms may be difficult; and (b) the effect of the
      treatment process itself, whereby patients are encouraged to rethink the role
      drugs have played in causing some of their difficulties. Patients' reports of the
      chronology of their symptoms may thus change according to what they have learned
      in treatment. The authors conclude that the DIS, like any single diagnostic
      interview, may have limited utility early in the treatment of drug-dependent
      patients, since their recollection of their previous symptoms may change
      dramatically as a result of treatment efforts.

PMID- 3687892
TI  - Two new rating scales for opiate withdrawal.
AB  - Two new rating scales for measuring the signs and symptoms of opiate withdrawal
      are presented. The Subjective Opiate Withdrawal Scale (SOWS) contains 16 symptoms
      whose intensity the patient rates on a scale of 0 (not at all) to 4 (extremely).
      The Objective Opiate Withdrawal Scale (OOWS) contains 13 physically observable
      signs, rated present or absent, based on a timed period of observation of the
      patient by a rater. Opiate abusers admitted to a detoxification ward had
      significantly higher scores on the SOWS and OOWS before receiving methadone as
      compared to after receiving methadone for 2 days. Opiate abusers seeking
      treatment were challenged either with placebo or with 0.4 mg naloxone.
      Postchallenge SOWS and OOWS scores were significantly higher than prechallenge
      scores in the naloxone but not the placebo group. We have demonstrated good
      interrater reliability for the OOWS and good intrasubject reliability over time
      for both scales in controls and in patients on a methadone maintenance program.
      These scales are demonstrated to be valid and reliable indicators of the severity
      of the opiate withdrawal syndrome over a wide range of common signs and symptoms.

PMID- 3687893
TI  - Retention of court-referred adolescents and young adults in the therapeutic
      community.
AB  - Client retention for Abraxas, a therapeutic community (TC) whose clients are
      almost exclusively court referred, was compared with that for nine other TCs that
      primarily accept clients not referred by the courts. Retention was found to be
      dramatically higher for Abraxas than for all nine comparison TCs during the first
      month of treatment. After the first month of treatment, discharge rates for
      Abraxas were lower than those for an aggregate of seven of the TCs but were
      comparable to rates for two others. At the end of 10 months, more residents
      remained at Abraxas than at eight of the nine comparison programs. These
      differences between Abraxas and the nine comparison TCs are particularly notable
      in that Abraxas' population is primarily juvenile whereas the comparison program
      populations are primarily adult. Analysis of the Abraxas sample showed that
      client retention was significantly higher for court referrals, adults, and males,
      and did not significantly vary according to ethnicity. The author conclude that
      court pressure can strongly enhance retention in therapeutic communities,
      particularly during the initial stage of treatment.

PMID- 3687894
TI  - Suicide and alcoholism.

PMID- 3687895
TI  - Alcohol use and depression in women with bulimia.
AB  - In a preliminary study examining affective and addictive components of the
      bulimia syndrome, individual tendencies toward alcohol abuse and depression as
      well as family histories of alcoholism and affective disorder were examined.
      Twelve women meeting DSM-III criteria for bulimia and 12 matched controls
      participated in the investigation. Bulimic women were significantly more
      depressed than controls. Although there were no significant differences in global
      alcoholism scores, a subgroup of bulimics emerged for whom bulimia was one of
      multiple and debilitating addictions. In addition, bulimic women evidenced a
      significantly greater family history of alcoholism than controls. Bulimia is
      described as a disorder with salient disruptions in eating behavior yet strongly
      influenced by affective and addictive components.

PMID- 3687896
TI  - "Dose/duration effect" relationship between alcohol consumption and cerebral
      atrophy: a psychological and neuroradiological evaluation.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to assess the occurrence of brain atrophy in
      alcoholic patients as measured by two methods--psychological testing and CAT
      scanning. The study focused upon the relationships between gross cerebral atrophy
      and two variables which are considered to be major determinants in the
      development of brain damage. The variables are (1) the quantity-frequency of
      alcohol intake, and (2) the duration of problematic drinking. The results show
      that the degree of brain damage is related to the intensity of exposure to
      alcohol and clearly indicate that psychological testing is a reliable method for,
      at least, an initial diagnosis of or screening for alcohol-related cerebral
      atrophy.

PMID- 3687897
TI  - Depression in opioid users varies with substance use status.
AB  - The relation of substance use status to depressed mood during careers of 173
      opioid users was estimated using the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale. The data
      suggested a progression in severity of depression from those abstinent or using
      occasionally, who were least depressed, through intermediate substance use
      states, to those dependent on illicit opioids, who were most depressed. One
      hundred five subjects completed the Scale in two interviews separated by a mean
      of 4.5 years. Change in substance use status from not dependent at first
      interview to dependent at second interview was associated with increased
      depression.

PMID- 3687898
TI  - Relationship of marital structure and interactions to opiate abuse relapse.
AB  - Several aspects of marital functioning were associated with subsequent relapse to
      opiate abuse in 17 married addicts. The addicts and spouses were evaluated in a
      task-oriented interview and rated using the Beavers Timberlawn Family Assessment
      instrument. The global health-pathology ratings on this instrument indicated that
      most couples had rigid patterns of interacting, rather than a chaotic lack of
      structure or a flexible, negotiated partnership. Within this range of rigid
      functioning, higher ratings were associated with longer times drug-free (up to 18
      months with a mean of 7 months). On the seven subscales of the Beavers', five
      were significantly correlated with the time drug-free: effective and clear
      leadership, closeness between the spouses, a nonhostile mood, empathy, and
      efficient negotiation and problem solving. The subscales associated with drug
      abstinence were quite different for a group of seven single ex-addicts
      participating in the same outpatient program, but living with their parents. For
      these single ex-addicts three subscales were correlated with the time drug-free:
      parental reaction to separation strivings, the open expression of thoughts and
      feelings, and empathy. This difference in the subscales associated with
      abstinence for married versus single addicts suggested some specificity in the
      characteristics of family structure and interaction that may be related to drug
      abstinence.

PMID- 3687899
TI  - Substance abuse and psychosocial risk factors among teenagers: associations with
      sex, age, ethnicity, and type of school.
AB  - The search for the one causal influence to account for youthful drug use has
      always failed. An alternate approach is advocated and tested that relates
      exposure to and impact of various types of psychosocial risk factors to
      understanding substance use. Data were obtained from 2,926 students in the 7th,
      9th, and 11th grades. Twelve risk factors were selected and tested. These 12
      variables were able to explain over 50% of the variance in a measure of general
      drug use. A unit-weighted, summed index of risk factors was linearly related to
      use and abuse (heavy use) of cigarettes, alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, hard drugs,
      and a composite substance use score. Differential exposure to and impact of risk
      factors on drug-taking behaviors were tested for differences by sex, age,
      ethnicity, and type of school attending. Patterns of exposure were somewhat
      different than patterns of vulnerability and impact, and can partially account
      for the status-group differences in drug use.

PMID- 3687900
TI  - Severity of alcohol dependence and its relationship to additional psychiatric
      symptoms in male alcoholic inpatients.
AB  - Many alcoholics suffer from distress associated with psychiatric symptoms in
      addition to alcoholism. Although there may be many such symptoms reported by the
      alcoholic, there may not be enough in any one category to meet DSM III criteria
      for an additional psychiatric diagnosis, and consequently these symptoms may not
      be considered in treatment planning. In addition, the prevalence and severity of
      psychiatric symptoms may be dependent on the progression of alcoholism. The
      purpose of this study was to examine whether a relationship exists between
      patterns of psychiatric symptomatology and the level of severity of alcohol
      dependence in an inpatient male alcoholic sample, and to describe how this
      information can be utilized to differentiate large groups of alcoholics into
      clinical meaningful categories. The study sample was comprised of 100 male
      alcoholic inpatients from the Alcoholism Treatment Unit at a metropolitan
      Veterans Administration Hospital. Subjects were administered The Michigan
      Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST), the Severity of Alcohol Dependence
      Questionnaire (SADQ), and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R).
      Correlational analysis of the data supported the hypothesis that a positive
      relationship exists between the severity of alcohol dependence and the prevalence
      of additional psychiatric symptom patterns. Partial correlational analysis
      indicated that the length of the alcoholic's illness and the number of inpatient
      treatments for alcoholism enhanced the relationship between the severity of
      alcoholism and most of the symptom scales. The utility of assessing concurrent
      psychiatric symptomatology as it relates to the severity of alcohol dependence is
      discussed in relation to treatment planning and prognostic assessment of the
      patient.

PMID- 3687901
TI  - A biracial comparison of adolescent alcohol use.
AB  - This study used a survey design to compare the drinking behaviors of Black and
      White students from two urban high schools in the city of Cleveland. Data are
      presented from 1,096 students who completed a 28-item self-report questionnaire
      measuring adolescent alcohol use and several factors which influence it. White
      males demonstrated the highest amount of alcohol use on all measures, while White
      females demonstrated drinking rates comparable to Black males. Blacks of both
      sexes exhibited the highest percentage of nondrinkers and the highest lifetime
      abstention rates. White respondents tended to have their initial drinking
      experiences almost a year earlier than their Black counterparts and perceived
      greater parental permissiveness regarding drinking. Relaxation was the most
      popular reason given for drinking by all groups of students. Higher percentages
      of White than Black students felt that conviviality and problem avoidance were
      benefits associated with drinking. Subcultural variations were also seen in the
      perceptions about parental influences on drinking. Implications for service
      delivery are discussed.

PMID- 3687902
TI  - Alcohol and alcoholism in traffic and other accidental deaths.
AB  - To assess the role of alcohol and alcoholism in motor vehicle and other
      accidental deaths, New Jersey State Medical Examiner cases from Essex County aged
      16 or older during a 4-year period, October 1981 to September 1985, were
      analyzed. Cases were classified as alcoholics according to the following
      criteria: (1) autopsy findings of liver change or pancreatitis due to alcoholism
      or (2) any case record report of drinking problems. There were 467 age-eligible
      cases whose certified manner of death was an accident for which the decedent may
      have had some responsibility. The study sample of 300 cases with blood or brain
      alcohol levels (BALs) obtained within 6 h after injury, including 96 motor
      vehicle drivers, 78 pedestrians in motor vehicle accidents, 38 fire victims, and
      33 fall victims. In the study sample, 23% were classified as alcoholics, 47% had
      positive BALs, and 36% had levels of 0.10% or more. Alcoholics much more often
      than nonalcoholics had positive BALs and levels of 0.20% or more. Accidental
      nontraffic deaths were significantly more often associated with both alcohol use
      and alcoholism than were traffic deaths.

PMID- 3687903
TI  - AIDS in Italy.

PMID- 3687904
TI  - Hiatal hernia in patients with achalasia.
AB  - The occurrence of hiatal hernia and achalasia in the same patient is considered
      to be extremely rare. There have been very few reports regarding this
      association. An extensive review of achalasia cases at the Cleveland Clinic is
      presented, with emphasis on the frequency of concomitant hiatal hernia. Our
      results indicate that the presence of a hiatal hernia makes the diagnosis of
      achalasia unlikely in patients presenting with esophageal symptoms. However, it
      does not completely exclude coexistence of this esophageal motility disorder, as
      the present study reveals that these two entities are infrequently found
      together.

PMID- 3687905
TI  - Serum and bile lipids in young women with radiolucent gallstones.
AB  - To investigate the relationship between blood and bile lipids, serum cholesterol,
      high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides were correlated with
      cholesterol saturation index of bile in 21 women-10 with radiolucent gallstones
      and 11 without stones. All of the women had regular menstrual cycles, were
      normolipidemic, and on a hospital diet. On the same morning, blood and the
      darkest duodenal bile were taken after cholecystokinin (CCK) stimulation.
      Standard laboratory procedures were used to analyze serum and bile lipids. We
      found: 1) statistically significant (t test, p less than 0.05) but only slight
      hypercholesterolemia (+ 12%) in patients with gallstones; 2) a negative
      correlation of serum cholesterol with cholesterol saturation index of bile, both
      in the control group (r = -0.654, p less than 0.05) and in gallstone patients (r
      = -0.665, p less than 0.05); 3) a correlation of high density lipoprotein
      cholesterol with cholesterol saturation index only in normal women (r = -0.619, p
      less than 0.05); 4) conversely, a correlation of triglycerides with the same
      index in only gallstone patients (r = 0.641, p less than 0.05). With the stepwise
      multiple regression analysis (independent variables: diagnosis of gallstones,
      serum cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides; dependent variable: biliary
      cholesterol saturation index), only gallstone diagnosis and serum cholesterol
      influenced significantly (F test, p less than 0.05) the biliary cholesterol
      saturation index. These findings suggest that young women with radiolucent
      gallstones are slightly hypercholesterolemic, that in women both with and without
      gallstones there is a negative correlation between serum cholesterol and biliary
      cholesterol saturation, but women with gallstones have a higher cholesterol
      saturation index of the bile than women without gallstones with the same level of
      cholesterol in the blood.

PMID- 3687906
TI  - Acute portal vein thrombosis, sclerotherapy, and vasopressin: relationships and
      implications.

PMID- 3687907
TI  - Hydatid cyst of the head of the pancreas with spontaneous fistula to the
      duodenum.
AB  - Primary pancreatic hydatidosis is exceptional. Only 12 cases have been reported
      in Spain up to 1982. In large series of patients with hydatidosis, pancreatic
      involvement occurs in 0.25% of cases. We describe a 55-yr-old man who was
      admitted to the hospital because of fever, epigastric pain, and abdominal mass.
      Endoscopy, upper gastrointestinal series, and computerized tomography revealed a
      fistula between the duodenum and the pancreatic tumor. At surgical exploration, a
      primary infected hydatid cyst in the head of the pancreas communicating with the
      duodenum was encountered. The cyst was removed and drained. We have been unable
      to find in the literature a review of this form of presentation of pancreatic
      hydatidosis.

PMID- 3687908
TI  - Calcifying pancreatitis of a congenital short pancreas: a case report with
      successful endoscopic papillotomy.
AB  - We report a case of partial pancreatic agenesis in a 25-yr-old man with insulin
      dependent diabetes who exhibited abdominal pains in relation to a calcifying
      chronic pancreatitis. An endoscopic retrograde pancreatography through the
      accessory papilla revealed an abnormal duct configuration thought to be
      consistent with an obstruction of the main duct. Ultrasonography and computerized
      tomography scanning could not identify any pancreatic tissue in the region of the
      body or tail. Another endoscopic investigation revealed the main papilla in the
      third part of the duodenum. The ducts of Santorini and Wirsung were identified.
      Santorini's duct was dilated and contained calculi. Wirsung's duct was nearly
      normal. The junction between the two ducts was slightly narrowed. After
      papillotomy of the accessory papilla, the patient's abdominal pains disappeared.
      This new case of congenital short pancreas is discussed in relation to four other
      cases reported in the English and French literature.

PMID- 3687909
TI  - Penicillamine-induced liver disease.

PMID- 3687910
TI  - Steatorrhea associated with meclofenamate sodium therapy.
AB  - Fenamates are a class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that frequently
      have gastrointestinal side effects. Diarrhea is seen fairly commonly.
      Malabsorption has been reported only 3 times with mefenamic acid, one of the
      family of fenamates. A case of steatorrhea due to meclofenamate sodium is
      presented here. Fenamates block net fluid absorption and also lead to
      histological abnormalities of the small intestine. The cause of the malabsorption
      seen in fenamate therapy is not known.

PMID- 3687911
TI  - Cutaneous metastatic Crohn's disease: treatment with metronidazole.
AB  - A 55-yr-old man with ileocolic Crohn's disease developed granulomatous dermatitis
      in the malar region. He was treated with metronidazole 1.5 g/day for 1 month,
      with remission of the skin lesion after 10 days.

PMID- 3687912
TI  - Esophageal myotomy and treatment of "nutcracker esophagus".

PMID- 3687913
TI  - Diffuse gastric antral vascular ectasia: the "watermelon stomach" revisited.

PMID- 3687914
TI  - Cruveilhier-Baumgarten syndrome in idiopathic portal hypertension.

PMID- 3687915
TI  - Serologic precursors of cancer. I. Prediagnostic serum nutrients and colon cancer
      risk.
AB  - A study was undertaken to determine whether prediagnostic serum levels of
      retinol, beta-carotene, vitamin E, and selenium are lower in colon cancer cases
      compared with matched, population-based controls. Sera were available from 25,802
      participants of a serum collection campaign conducted in Washington County,
      Maryland in 1974. The authors identified from these participants 72 white colon
      cancer cases, who were first diagnosed with colon cancer during 1975-1983, and
      143 white, living, cancer-free controls, matched to cases on the basis of age,
      sex, month of serum collection, and enumeration in a 1975 private census of
      Washington County. The mean values of serum nutrients in cases and controls,
      respectively, were 59.1 micrograms/dl and 61.8 micrograms/dl for retinol (p =
      0.22), 32.9 micrograms/dl and 34.4 micrograms/dl for beta carotene (p = 0.52),
      1.17 mg/dl and 1.27 mg/dl for vitamin E (p = 0.10), and 11.0 micrograms/dl and
      11.5 micrograms/dl for selenium (p = 0.07). There were no consistent trends in
      the relative odds of colon cancer by quintiles of serum levels for any of the
      nutrients; however, a relative odds of 3.2 (95% confidence interval = 1.1-8.7)
      was found when persons in the four lowest quintiles of retinol were compared with
      those in the highest. No interactions with matching factors or between serum
      nutrients and no confounding effects of covariables were identified through
      conditional logistic regression analysis. The findings of this study do not
      support a strong association of low serum levels of retinol, beta-carotene,
      vitamin E, and selenium with an increased risk of subsequent colon cancer.

PMID- 3687916
TI  - Do Atomic Veterans have excess cancer? New results correcting for the healthy
      soldier bias.
AB  - Reanalysis of the National Research Council report on Mortality of Nuclear
      Weapons Test Participants, released June 4, 1985, shows 62% excess cancer among
      soldiers involved in nuclear weapons testing in 1957 codenamed PLUMBBOB, who had
      exposures to fallout of 300 mrem or more. Although the "healthy soldier bias" was
      discussed in the original report and a method of correcting for it was described,
      false negative results were reported because no correction was actually made.
      Correcting for the healthy soldier bias reveals excess digestive, respiratory,
      leukemia, and other cancers in PLUMBBOB participants whose reported doses were
      over 300 mrem.

PMID- 3687918
TI  - The incidence and epidemiologic characteristics of neuroblastoma in the United
      States.
AB  - The incidence of neuroblastoma in the United States is described in relation to
      age, sex, race, and anatomic site, as well as population-derived indicators of
      socioeconomic levels, degree of urbanization, and farming activity. Incidence
      data were obtained for the years 1973-1978 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology
      and End Results Program of the National Cancer Institute. Based upon 265 cases,
      the overall incidence of neuroblastoma was 2.26 per million person-years.
      Approximately 60% of the cases were diagnosed under age two years, 75% under age
      five years and 84% under age 10 years. The incidence among males was 1.3 times
      that among females, but the male predominance was observed only among persons
      diagnosed under age five years. Although no difference in overall incidence was
      observed by race, the rate among whites was 1.6 times that among blacks and 1.5
      times that among other nonwhites under age five years. Approximately 50% of all
      cases were diagnosed with tumors arising from the adrenals or soft tissues. No
      clear pattern of area-to-area variation in incidence was identified.
      Neuroblastoma incidence was inversely related to socioeconomic level as measured
      by per capita income (p = 0.05), as well as the proportion of county land devoted
      to farming (p = 0.034). No association was observed in relation to urbanization
      or population density.

PMID- 3687917
TI  - Antigenic stimulation and the occurrence of multiple myeloma.
AB  - To evaluate whether potent or prolonged stimulation of the immune system
      increases the risk of multiple myeloma, the authors compared 698 myeloma cases
      which occurred between July 1, 1977 and June 30, 1981 in four geographic areas of
      the United States with 1,683 demographically similar controls from the same
      areas. Cases and controls were interviewed about past exposures which may have
      involved antigenic challenge. Although few positive associations emerged, those
      most consistent with the immune stimulation hypothesis were modest associations
      between myeloma and a history of rheumatic fever (relative risk (RR) = 1.74, 95%
      confidence interval (CI) = 1.09-2.77) and between myeloma and urinary tract
      infection (RR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.00-1.69, when self-respondent cases were
      compared with controls). Little association was found between the risk of myeloma
      and the number of past viral illnesses, number of bacterial illnesses, or number
      of allergy desensitization injections. Myeloma risk was found to be inversely
      related to the number of diseases against which a subject reported having been
      immunized, perhaps because of differences in socioeconomic status between cases
      and controls. These findings provide little support for the immune system
      stimulation hypothesis of myeloma etiology, but because of the limitations of
      interview techniques for assessing antigen exposure, further studies using
      laboratory methods may be warranted.

PMID- 3687919
TI  - Epidemiologic determinants of the mammographic parenchymal pattern. A population
      based study within a mammographic screening program.
AB  - Epidemiologic data and information on the mammographic parenchymal pattern
      (classified according to Wolfe (Cancer 1976;37:2486-92)) were obtained from
      38,757 (89%) of all women who were invited to undergo mammography in a population
      based screening program in Kopparberg County, Sweden, starting in October 1977.
      The prevalence of the high-risk patterns (P2 and DY) was significantly higher in
      women aged 46-50 years than in any younger or older age group. A univariate
      analysis revealed that the odds ratio (OR) of having a high-risk pattern
      increased regularly with increasing age at first birth and was highest in
      nulliparous women. These associations remained evident in all age groups and were
      most pronounced in the oldest women. A history of breast biopsy increased the
      likelihood of having a high-risk pattern (OR = 1.57), whereas a similar weak
      overall association with prior cancer in the contralateral breast (OR = 1.40) and
      with familiar occurrence of breast cancer (OR = 1.20) was eliminated when other
      confounding factors were considered in a multivariate analysis. The authors
      conclude that characteristics of the reproductive lives of women have a
      significant and lifelong impact on their mammographic parenchymal patterns.

PMID- 3687920
TI  - Blood pressure and cognitive performance. The Framingham Study.
AB  - In 1976-1978, a battery of eight neuropsychologic tests were administered to
      2,123 participants in the Framingham Study who were aged 55-89 years. Performance
      on each test was examined in relation to concurrently measured systolic and
      diastolic blood pressure while controlling for age, sex, education,
      antihypertensive medication, alcohol consumption, and smoking. Those with a
      diagnosis of stroke were excluded from the analysis. In the remaining sample of
      2,032, neither blood pressure nor antihypertensive treatment was significantly
      associated with cognitive performance. Even after excluding persons on
      antihypertensive medication, blood pressure was still unrelated to cognitive
      performance. In contrast to other studies, the authors found no consistent
      relation between blood pressure and cognitive performance.

PMID- 3687921
TI  - Reproducibility and predictive values of routine blood pressure measurements in
      children. Comparison with adult values and implications for screening children
      for elevated blood pressure.
AB  - A study of the variability of blood pressure was conducted among a total of 780
      Massachusetts children, 335 children in East Boston and 445 children in
      Brookline, ages 8-18 years. All children had their blood pressure measured with a
      standard mercury sphygmomanometer in a school setting on four visits one week
      apart with three measurements per visit. In East Boston, repeat measurements were
      made for the same children for four consecutive years. A nested random effects
      model was used to estimate between- and within-visit variance components. For
      children aged 8-12 years, these were, respectively, 33.1, 12.0 in boys and 31.2,
      11.1 in girls for systolic blood pressure and 57.7, 21.3 in boys and 56.6, 22.6
      in girls for systolic muffling blood pressure (Korotkoff phase 4). For children
      aged 13-18 years of age, they were, respectively, 41.1, 11.8 in boys and 35.2,
      12.2 in girls for blood pressure and 40.6, 15.5 in boys and 36.1, 11.4 in girls
      for diastolic blood pressure (Korotkoff phase 5). Within-person variability for
      systolic pressure was comparable to previously published data for 434 white
      adults ages 30-49 years not on antihypertensive medications; however, within
      person variability for diastolic pressure was considerably higher in the
      children, accounting for over 75% of total variability among 8-12-year-old
      children, compared with 27% for adults. No meaningful effects of age, sex, or
      blood pressure level on variability of systolic pressure were found. However, age
      and level of blood pressure each had a large and independent inverse association
      with variability of diastolic pressure; variance components for younger children
      (ages 8-12 years) and children with low diastolic pressure (less than 60 mmHg)
      were approximately twice as large as for older children (ages 13-18 years) and
      children with diastolic pressure greater than or equal to 60 mmHg, respectively.
      Finally, predictive value estimates of blood pressure are provided for particular
      age-sex groups to enable one to efficiently identify children whose true mean
      level of blood pressure exceeds the 90th percentile for their age-sex group with
      minimum misclassification. Because of the substantial variability of diastolic
      pressure in young children, resulting in relatively low predictive value
      estimates, systolic pressure (either alone or in combination with diastolic
      pressure) may be more useful as the primary tool for screening children under age
      13 years for high blood pressure.

PMID- 3687922
TI  - Permutation analyses of familial association arrays for lipoprotein
      concentrations in families of the Stanford Five City Project.
AB  - Permutation models are introduced as a formal method for assigning significance
      to association matrices that assess the correlation of spouse, parent-offspring,
      and sibling similarity over an entire class of data transformations (usually, the
      class of all increasing functions). Analysis of 218 nuclear families who
      participated in the Stanford Five City Project revealed that parent and offspring
      triglyceride concentrations correlated more strongly when data transformations
      emphasized contrasts among low to moderate levels, and that high density
      lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol correlated more strongly between family members
      with relatively higher HDL cholesterol concentrations. Application of family
      weights to the association matrices revealed a tendency for greater correlation
      among sibling triglyceride concentrations in larger families. Parent-child,
      mother-child, father-child, parent-daughter, and sibling total cholesterol
      concentrations correlated significantly for all monotonically increasing
      transformations (designated strong association), and father-daughter and parent
      son cholesterol concentrations correlated significantly for most increasing
      transformations of the data (moderate association). There were fewer significant
      associations for plasma triglyceride concentrations: parent-child and sibling
      (both strong), parent-daughter and mother-daughter (both moderate), and mother
      child (weak). HDL cholesterol showed no strong or moderate familial associations
      and was weakly associated only among siblings. Thus, concordance in familial
      lipoprotein levels appears to be restricted to a narrower range of values for
      triglycerides and HDL cholesterol than total cholesterol levels, possibly
      reflecting in part the influences of diet or other environmental factors on
      specific regions of the HDL cholesterol or triglyceride distributions in casual
      blood samples.

PMID- 3687923
TI  - An outbreak of necrotizing enterocolitis. Association with transfusions of packed
      red blood cells.
AB  - Of 187 newborns admitted to a 33-bed, level III neonatal intensive care unit
      between January 1, 1985 and June 23, 1985, 33 developed necrotizing enterocolitis
      during their hospital stay. Twenty of the 33 newborns (61%) had onset of symptoms
      between April 1 and June 23, suggesting clustering during this period. A case
      control study, with matching on birth weight class, approximate date of admission
      to the unit and approximate duration of stay, failed to reveal any association of
      the syndrome with type or timing of feeding, perinatal hypoxic events, as
      determined by apgar scores and labor history, or specific microbial organisms. By
      contrast, however, transfusion of packed red blood cells was highly and
      significantly associated with the syndrome (odds ratio = 15.1, 95% confidence
      interval = 2.59-92.51). In addition, therapy with caffeine, with theophylline,
      and with furosemide were moderately associated with the syndrome, although not
      significantly so. During this outbreak period, the incidence of necrotizing
      enterocolitis by birth weight was 30.6% in infants less than 1,500 gm, 10.8% in
      infants 1,500-2,500 gm, and 11.9% in infants 2,500 gm or more. These findings
      confirm the importance of low birth weight as a risk factor for development of
      the syndrome and suggest that insults to volume homeostasis, such as transfusion
      and use of diuretics, need to be considered as possible mechanisms whereby
      necrotizing enterocolitis is initiated.

PMID- 3687924
TI  - Seasonal variation of transmission risk of Lyme disease and human babesiosis.
AB  - The seasonal host-seeking pattern of nymphal Ixodes dammini infected with Babesia
      microti or Borrelia burgdorferi was determined on Nantucket Island,
      Massachusetts, during 1985. The peak period of host-seeking by infected nymphal
      I. dammini occurred in May and June. On a per person-hour basis, the number of
      infected ticks collected reached a maximum in May (Babesia = 17.3; Borrelia =
      16.2). The number of infected ticks remained high in June, but decreased notably
      in July, August, and September. Transmission risk of the tick-borne etiologic
      agents of Lyme disease and human babesiosis in Massachusetts is greatest during
      the late spring-early summer months of May and June.

PMID- 3687925
TI  - External comparisons with the case-cohort design.
AB  - The case-cohort design can be an economic alternative to the standard cohort
      design. Prentice (Biometrika 1986;73:1-11) showed how the case-cohort design can
      be used to obtain relative risk estimates for comparisons within the cohort being
      studied. In this paper, the authors consider ways in which the case-cohort design
      can be used for comparing risk in exposure groups within the cohort to the risk
      in an external population. The problem reduces to estimating the number of
      expected cases at each exposure level in the total cohort, when exposure status
      is available only for members of a subcohort, i.e., a random sample of the total
      cohort. The authors describe theoretical and empirical properties of several
      variations of the design and analysis of case-cohort studies. Empirical
      properties were examined by replicating the selection of the subcohort in a study
      of second cancer risk after chemotherapy for a first cancer. Use of a case-cohort
      design in that study would have saved five-sixths of the cost of gathering
      covariate information at the price of only an 11% loss in efficiency relative to
      a full cohort study.

PMID- 3687926
TI  - Re: "Do Atomic Veterans have excess cancer? New results correcting for the
      healthy soldier bias".

PMID- 3687927
TI  - Re: "Osteoporosis and the risk of hip fracture".

PMID- 3687928
TI  - On the role of "transients" (biasing transitional effects) for the prognostic
      analysis of the AIDS epidemic.

PMID- 3687929
TI  - Platelet kinetics in human immunodeficiency virus induced thrombocytopenia.
AB  - A platelet kinetic study was performed in 34 patients (33 homosexuals and/or drug
      addicts) with (in most of them) severe and isolated thrombocytopenia and human
      immunodeficiency virus positive serological tests. The reported data indicate
      that the thrombocytopenia is due to an extracorpuscular hyperdestruction. The
      sequestration of the labeled platelets is exclusively splenic in most of the
      cases. Splenectomy was successful in the ten cases in which it was done; however,
      corticoids showed no or low effect, and Ig-G infusion had only a temporary
      efficacy.

PMID- 3687930
TI  - Acquired factor XI inhibitors in congenitally deficient patients.
AB  - Four factor XI (F XI)-deficient patients are described, all of whom formed
      circulating anticoagulants against F X1. In the three most severely affected
      patients (F XI 0%-6% activity), the anticoagulant appeared to have been
      stimulated by plasma infusion. However, in the milder case (25% F XI activity),
      no infusion had been documented. The findings in these cases emphasize the
      diversity of F XI inhibitors in congenitally deficient patients. Awareness of the
      potential development of these inhibitors will be helpful in both daily
      management and perioperative care of such patients.

PMID- 3687931
TI  - Relationship of HLA and platelet-reactive antibodies in alloimmunized patients
      refractory to platelet therapy.
AB  - Platelet crossmatching assays have been used to predict the outcome of platelet
      transfusions in alloimmunized patients by detecting antibodies against platelets.
      The transfusion failure of HLA-matched platelets predicted by platelet
      crossmatching may be related to HLA antibodies undetected by lymphocytotoxicity
      but detected by platelet immunoglobulin-binding assays or platelet-specific
      antibodies (both antibodies defined here as platelet-reactive antibodies). To
      differentiate platelet-reactive antibodies from lymphocytotoxic HLA antibodies,
      we used HLA characterized lymphocytes in parallel with platelets from individuals
      to form separate frozen panels. Sera from 10 allosensitized patients were studied
      in the lymphocyte panel by lymphocytotoxicity and in the platelet panel by enzyme
      linked immunoassay (ELISA). By comparing pattern and percent wells reacting in
      each panel, lymphocytotoxic HLA antibodies and antibodies reactive with platelets
      in ELISA were detected separately. In all 10 allosensitized patients, platelet
      associated antibodies were present and 7 had additional lymphocytotoxic HLA
      antibodies. Using this double parallel panel technique, we found platelet
      reactive antibodies important in platelet alloimmunization, unrecognized by
      lymphocytotoxicity. These data indicate platelet-crossmatching be solely used in
      the selection of platelets for allosensitized patients.

PMID- 3687932
TI  - Erythrocyte pyruvate kinase (PK): the variable significance of "nucleotide
      specificity" in the characterization of mutant variants.
AB  - The half-saturation constant (K0.5s) phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) for red cell
      pyruvate kinase (PK) with co-factors UDP and GDP is less than one-half that with
      ADP with or without additions of the allosteric modifier, fructose-1, 6
      dephosphate (F-1, 6-P2) to the assay. The Vmax is markedly greater with ADP than
      with UDP or GDP, but with (PEP) at 0.5 mM, activity with all co-factors is about
      equal and at lower concentrations greater with UDP and GDP. With high K0.5s (PEP)
      mutant enzymes, and at the usual test concentration (lmM) for PEP when nucleotide
      specificity is assessed, the abnormally low saturation of variant enzymes may
      result in higher activity with UDP and GDP than with ADP--the opposite of the
      "normal situation." The apparent aberration in nucleotide specificity may thus be
      illusory and secondary to the abnormal K0.5s (PEP) of the mutant. Example data
      are recorded. Variations in K0.5s (PEP) may also be introduced during enzyme
      preparation for assay, particularly when partial purification is employed.

PMID- 3687933
TI  - Proteinuria in hypertension.
AB  - It had been previously thought that protein excretion in hypertensive
      nephrosclerosis was less than 0.5 to 1.0 g/24 h. Furthermore, it was believed
      that proteinuria in the nephrotic range associated with hypertension was probably
      due to primary renal disease, malignant hypertension, renal artery stenosis, or
      pheochromocytoma. We report eight patients with biopsy-proven hypertensive
      nephropathy and heavy proteinuria in the absence of malignant hypertension or
      renal artery stenosis. The 24-hour protein excretion ranged from 2.7 to 4.3 g.
      All patients had renal insufficiency, with serum creatinine ranging from 2.0
      (176.8) to 7.8 mg/dL (689.5 mumol/L). Renal function worsened in most patients
      during the follow-up period despite adequate control of the hypertension, and
      three patients had to be started on hemodialysis. Three patients died during the
      follow-up period. We conclude that hypertensive nephrosclerosis must be included
      in the differential diagnosis of marked proteinuria in patients with essential
      hypertension and that heavy proteinuria, along with renal insufficiency, are poor
      prognostic indicators in such patients.

PMID- 3687934
TI  - Adequacy studies of fistula single-needle dialysis.
AB  - The preferred method of vascular access for routine hemodialysis is via an
      arteriovenous fistula into which two needles are inserted. Single-needle access
      is an alternative to this method. Thorough evaluations of the efficiency of the
      single-needle method are lacking. The present study evaluates the weekly time
      averaged urea concentrations (TACUrea) and protein intake (PI) in 76 patients
      routinely treated with single-needle dialysis on a chronic basis. Furthermore,
      other clinical parameters of dialysis adequacy, such as hematocrit, nerve
      conduction velocity, hospitalization rate, and cumulative survival also were
      evaluated, as well as fistula survival. TACUrea appeared to be 53.2 +/- 6.0
      mg/100 mL, a value corresponding to adequate two-needle dialysis with low
      morbidity, as outlined by the American National Cooperative Study Group. PI was
      evaluated from urea generation rates (G) and from outpatient dietary records. G
      was 6.07 +/- 2.42 mg/min, and the corresponding PI was calculated to be 1.07 +/-
      0.28 g/kg body weight/24 h. PI estimated from dietary records was 1.14 +/- 0.43
      g/kg body weight/24 h. The relation of total clearance over distribution volume
      (KT/V) averaged 0.98 +/- 0.23. Mean hematocrit and nerve conduction velocity
      during 2 years of follow-up ranged between 24% and 26% and 38 and 40 m/s,
      respectively. Hospitalization rate during 1 year was 18%. Five years' cumulative
      survival was 64% for the period 1975 to 1985, and 79% for the period 1980 to
      1985. Five years' fistula survival was 74%, a value higher than in four studies
      on two-needle dialysis of comparable extent. It is concluded that urea kinetic
      data and other parameters of dialysis adequacy indicate that the efficiency of
      the single-needle technique is at least as good as that obtained in the more
      currently used two-needle technique. Subsequently, the current reluctance towards
      single-needle dialysis as a routine procedure in chronic renal failure, appears
      to be unjustified.

PMID- 3687935
TI  - Exogenous creatinine clearance accurately assesses filtration failure in rat
      experimental nephropathies.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine whether creatinine clearance (Ccr),
      determined under conditions of exogenous creatinine infusion, accurately reflects
      glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the rat. Normal rats and rats with either
      glomerulopathy (nephrotoxic serum nephritis, adriamycin nephropathy), ablative
      nephropathy, or acute renal failure (ischemic, HgCl2) were subjected to
      simultaneous Ccr and inulin clearance (Cin) determinations at a time that plasma
      creatinine concentrations were maintained at 10 to 20 mg/dL by exogenous
      creatinine infusion. Cin ranged from 0.02 to 2.49 mL/min, and a nearly perfect
      correlation with Ccr (r = .997) was obtained. Excellent correlations between Ccr
      and Cin were found in each of the individual study groups. When the rats were
      subdivided into groups according to their level of renal function (Cin greater
      than 1.5 mL/min; Cin 0.5 to 1.49 mL/min; Cin 0.02 to 0.49 mL/min), excellent
      correlations between Cin and Ccr were still observed (r = .93, .97, and .97,
      respectively). We concluded that exogenous Ccr accurately reflects GFR in the rat
      over the entire range of renal function and in a wide variety of experimental
      nephropathies. Given the simple methodology, exogenous Ccr could have substantial
      research application for assessing degrees of excretory function in experimental
      renal disease.

PMID- 3687936
TI  - Chlorpropamide overdose in renal failure: management with charcoal hemoperfusion.
AB  - A potentially lethal chlorpropamide overdose in a patient with chronic renal
      failure on long-term hemodialysis was treated by two courses of charcoal
      hemoperfusion. Hemoperfusion shortened the half-life clearance of the drug from a
      mean value of 93.6 to 3.4 hours. Calculation of the fractional extraction
      indicated that hemoperfusion reduced the body burden of the drug by 24% and 19%
      (mean values) during the first and second hours of treatment, respectively. We
      conclude that charcoal hemoperfusion should be considered a definitive
      therapeutic option in such cases.

PMID- 3687937
TI  - Ultrafiltration failure in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis due to
      excessive peritoneal cavity lymphatic absorption.
AB  - We describe a continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patient who
      developed failure of ultrafiltration for no apparent cause during the first year
      of treatment. Further investigation showed that peritoneal cavity lymphatic
      reabsorption during the dwell time exceeded cumulative transcapillary
      ultrafiltration and so caused negative net ultrafiltration. Peritoneal lymphatic
      drainage should be added to the list of causes that, either singly or in
      combination, lead to loss of ultrafiltration in CAPD.

PMID- 3687938
TI  - Glomerulomegaly and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis associated with obesity
      and sleep-apnea syndrome.

PMID- 3687939
TI  - The human glucocerebrosidase gene has two functional ATG initiator codons.
AB  - Gaucher disease is due to a deficiency in the activity of the enzyme
      glucocerebrosidase. Glucocerebrosidase is a lysosomal enzyme that presumably
      requires a signal peptide for transport across the membrane of the rough
      endoplasmic reticulum and glycosylation for transport into lysosomes. Human
      glucocerebrosidase cDNA contains two potential ATG start codons in its long open
      reading frame. The signal peptides that are initiated from each ATG are quite
      different in their hydrophobicity. We demonstrate that either ATG can function
      independently to produce active glucocerebrosidase enzyme in cultured
      fibroblasts. The glucocerebrosidase activity produced from translation products
      initiated at either ATG is found predominantly in the lysosomes.

PMID- 3687941
TI  - Alleles at the PRH1 locus coding for the human salivary-acidic proline-rich
      proteins Pa, Db, and PIF.
AB  - We cloned and sequenced the entire exon and intron structures of Db and Pa
      genetic determinants at the PRH1 locus. Their derived amino acid sequences and
      that previously determined for the PIF protein completely explain the
      electrophoretic phenotypes of the acidic proline-rich proteins (PRPs) Pa, Db, and
      PIF. Thus, the Cys substitution near Arg 106 in the Pa protein sterically
      interferes with proteolytic cutting at Arg 106 and accounts for the single-banded
      phenotype. In contrast, the Db and PIF proteins are proteolytically cut at Arg
      106 and show a double-banded phenotype. The Db protein has an extra 21-amino acid
      repeat that accounts for its larger size compared with the equal sized Pa monomer
      and PIF proteins. Several amino acid substitutions account for the charge and
      mobility differences of the Pa, Db, and PIF proteins in isoelectric-focusing
      gels. These DNA/protein correlations, as well as the extremely similar genomic
      DNA sequences that differ by less than 1%, establish that Pa, Db, and PIF are
      alleles at the PRH1 locus. On the basis of the DNA sequences, we conclude that Db
      and Pa alleles diverged more recently from a common precursor than did the PIF
      allele from its precursor.

PMID- 3687940
TI  - Human placental and intestinal alkaline phosphatase genes map to 2q34-q37.
AB  - The alkaline phosphatases comprise a multigene enzyme family that hydolyze
      phosphate esters and are widely distributed in nature. Three main classes have
      been isolated from humans, the placental, intestinal, and liver/bone/kidney
      forms. We have mapped the placental and intestinal alkaline phosphatase genes to
      2q34-q37 by using chromosomal in situ hybridization and a somatic-cell hybrid
      panel.

PMID- 3687943
TI  - Maximum-likelihood estimation of familial correlations from multivariate
      quantitative data on pedigrees: a general method and examples.
AB  - A general method for maximum-likelihood estimation of familial correlations from
      pedigree data is presented. The method is applicable to any type of data
      structure, including pedigrees in which variable numbers of individuals are
      present within classes of relatives, data in which multiple phenotypic measures
      are obtained on each individual, and multiple group analyses in which some
      correlations are equated across groups. The method is applied to data on high
      density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol levels obtained from
      participants in the Swedish Twin Family Study. Results indicate that there is
      strong familial resemblance for both traits but little cross-trait resemblance.

PMID- 3687942
TI  - Genetic risk for recombinant 8 syndrome and the transmission rate of balanced
      inversion 8 in the Hispanic population of the southwestern United States.
AB  - A rec(8) dup(q) syndrome, secondary to a pericentric inversion--inv(8)(p23q22)-
      has been identified in 26 probands from Hispanic kindreds in the southwestern
      United States. The clinical phenotype of the Hispanic rec(8) syndrome includes a
      dysmorphic facies, cardiovascular and urinary-tract malformations, and mental
      retardation. Segregation analysis utilizing pedigree and cytogenetic data from 31
      kindreds including five additional kindreds from additional sources has provided
      computation of genetic risks for counseling. An inv(8) carrier parent has a 6.2%
      risk of having a rec(8) child. The transmission rate of the inv(8) was
      significantly higher for inv(8) carrier mothers (59%) than for carrier fathers
      (42%). The combined transmission rate for both sexes was 53%. Risk for
      spontaneous abortion or stillbirth (11.3%) was not higher than the general
      population frequency of 13%-15%. It is significant that all kindreds identified
      to date are of Hispanic background with ancestors traced to the southern
      Colorado/northern New Mexico region. By means of extended pedigree information,
      three independently ascertained kindreds have been linked through common ancestry
      4 generations in ascendance. The Hispanic background, geographic localization,
      and common ancestry in three kindreds suggest a single founder of the Hispanic
      inv(8) in the Southwest.

PMID- 3687944
TI  - Propionicacidemia: absence of alpha-chain mRNA in fibroblasts from patients of
      the pccA complementation group.
AB  - Propionicacidemia is an autosomal recessive metabolic disease resulting from a
      deficiency of propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC) activity. The enzyme has the
      structure alpha 4 beta 4, with the alpha chain containing a covalently bound
      biotin prosthetic group. Patients have been placed into two major complementation
      groups, pccA and pccBC, that may correspond to the genes encoding the alpha and
      beta chains of PCC. The pccBC group is further divided into two subgroups, pccB
      and pccC, apparently owing to intragenic complementation. We previously reported
      combined alpha- and beta-chain deficiency in pccA mutants and absence of beta
      chain in pccC and pccBC mutants after isotope-tracer labeling and
      immunoprecipitation of cultured-fibroblast extracts. Using cDNA clones coding for
      the alpha and beta chains as probes, we found absence of alpha mRNA in four of
      six pccA strains and presence of beta mRNA in all pccA mutants studied. We also
      found presence of both alpha and beta mRNAs in three pccBC, two pccB, and three
      pccC mutants. From these data, we confirm the gene assignments of the
      complementation groups (PCCA gene = pccA complementation group; PCCB gene = pccBC
      and subgroups) and support the view that pccA patients synthesize a normal beta
      chain that is rapidly degraded in the absence of complexing with alpha chains.

PMID- 3687945
TI  - Genetics, chance, and morphogenesis.
AB  - We posit that chance plays a major role in the occurrence of many common
      malformations that cluster in families but recur less frequently than expected
      for simple Mendelian traits. Once the role of random effects is accepted, the
      segregation of such malformations may be explained on the basis of Mendelian
      transmission of a single abnormal gene that predisposes to, but does not always
      result in, the abnormal phenotype. We apply a stochastic (probabilistic) single
      gene model to the occurrence of malformations in mouse and man. The stochastic
      single-gene model suggests the feasibility of isolating individual genes that
      determine morphogenesis and sets limits on the precision with which the
      recurrence of malformations can be predicted.

PMID- 3687947
TI  - Comparison of regulations on occupational carcinogens in several industrialized
      countries.
AB  - Regulations controlling the manufacture and use of carcinogens in the industrial
      setting of various countries are examined. In addition, the occupational exposure
      limits (OEL) of chemicals known or suspected to be carcinogenic in humans are
      listed, and criteria for the establishment of OELs are discussed. It is also
      stressed that control measures should not be confined to a few developed
      countries, and it is hoped that attracting attention to their unevenness will
      contribute to the implementation of a more efficient primary prevention of
      cancer.

PMID- 3687946
TI  - Direct detection of usual and atypical alleles on the human aldehyde
      dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) locus.
AB  - A method for determining human mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2)
      genotypes was developed. Two 21-base synthetic oligonucleotides, one
      complementary to the usual ALDH2(1) gene and the other complementary to the
      atypical ALDH2(2) gene, were used as specific probes for in-gel hybridization
      analysis of human genomic DNA from either peripheral blood cells or livers. Under
      appropriate hybridization conditions, these two probes can hybridize to their
      specific complementary alleles and thus allow the genotyping of the ALDH2 locus.

PMID- 3687948
TI  - Modernization and trends in occupational health and safety in the People's
      Republic of China 1981-1986.
AB  - Exchanges between U.S. and Chinese professionals have provided opportunities for
      observation of recent developments in occupational health in China. For the past
      decade, China has been committed to an unprecedented drive for economic
      modernization, including new policies on ownership, business management,
      employment, health care, and disability as well as increased activity in heavy,
      light, and service industries. Chinese occupational health professionals and
      labor organizations have set a goal of modernizing worker health along with the
      rest of society. Examples of advances in occupational health occurring since 1981
      are the coordination of industrial hygiene and health research and services, an
      emphasis on epidemiology, interdisciplinary approaches to problem-solving, the
      pretesting of toxic substances, regulation and standard setting, and on-site
      workplace hazard prevention.

PMID- 3687949
TI  - Delivery outcome among women employed in the plastics industry in Sweden and
      Norway.
AB  - In Sweden and Norway separate case-control studies of pregnancy outcome for the
      period 1973-1981 among female workers in the plastics industry were carried out
      with similar design. Employment records were obtained from companies producing
      and/or processing plastics and these were matched with the national medical birth
      and malformation registers. Within the cohorts of pregnancies during which the
      mother held employment in a plastics industry (1.397 in the Swedish and 288 in
      the Norwegian study), cases of stillbirths or infant deaths, selected
      malformations, or low birthweight (less than 2,000 g) were identified. For each
      case two controls from the same source were individually matched with regard to
      date of birth, age of mother, and parity. Exposure data concerning the 44 Swedish
      and ten Norwegian triplets were obtained from the employers. An increased odds
      ratio was found for processing of polyvinylchloride (PVC) plastics (95% CI Sweden
      1.0-5.1; total material 1.1-4.5). However, processing of cold plastics yielded a
      higher odds ratio than processing of heated plastics. No increased odds ratio was
      found for processing of styrene or polyurethane plastics. Since not all of the
      plastics industries in the two countries participated in the studies and the
      number of cases was small, the result must be interpreted with caution.

PMID- 3687950
TI  - Occupational exposure to benzene in the shoe industry.
AB  - In order to determine the possible actual exposure to benzene in the shoe
      industry from industrially used solvents, glues, and paints containing benzene as
      a nondeclared constituent, phenol in urine and benzene in blood, as indices of
      internal exposure to benzene, were measured in workers (N = 33). Since toluene,
      in contrast to benzene, is declared as a constituent in several glues, toluene in
      the blood of workers was also analysed. All analyses were performed using gas
      chromatography. Urine samples were collected on Monday morning (MI) before work
      and on Wednesday (WI) before and (WII) after work. Venous blood samples were
      taken on Wednesday only, 1/2 hour after work. There was no difference in the
      phenol concentrations of MI and WI, while the phenol concentration of WII was
      about twice as high as that in WI. In all blood samples, benzene was found, as
      well as toluene, which was about four times higher in comparison with benzene. A
      correlation (r = 0.465; p less than .01) was found between the difference in pre-
      and postshift phenol concentrations (WII-WI) in urine and the benzene
      concentrations in blood. The results presented show that a trace amount of
      benzene, which is often not declared as a constitutent in industrially used
      chemicals, could be a source of marked exposure to benzene. It can also be
      concluded that changes in phenol in urine (if preshift and postshift samples are
      taken) might be a sufficiently sensitive parameter to assess exposure to benzene
      even when other data concerning the presence of benzene in the working atmosphere
      are not available.

PMID- 3687952
TI  - Mortality among female employees of a chemical company.
AB  - There have been few mortality studies conducted on working women despite their
      increasing presence in the work environment. This paper presents the findings of
      a cohort mortality study of 10,839 female employees with three or more days of
      service between 1940 and 1982 at the Midland or Bay City, Michigan, locations of
      the Dow Chemical Company. The cohort included substantial numbers of production
      and research personnel but was primarily comprised of clerical and office
      workers. Vital status was ascertained through 1982 for 89.4 percent of the cohort
      members, and death certificates were obtained for 94.0 percent of the 467
      decedents. Comparisons of observed mortality with expected levels based on
      mortality rates for the U.S., Michigan, and a local 7-county area revealed
      consistently lower mortality in the cohort from the major causes of death,
      indicating a strong "healthy worker effect." Mortality from cancer of the cervix
      was significantly below expected levels, especially among women who were hired
      before 25 years of age. This observation, when combined with a nonsignificant
      excess of breast cancer, suggests a different distribution of maritally and
      sexually related risk factors between working and general populations of women.
      This and other findings are discussed relative to methodologic problems likely to
      accompany studies of working women.

PMID- 3687951
TI  - Agreement between qualitative exposure estimates and quantitative exposure
      measurements.
AB  - A method for qualitative estimation of the exposure at task level was used and
      validated with actual measurements in five small factories. The results showed
      that occupational hygienists were in general the most successful estimators.
      Plant supervisors and workers handled the estimation method less successfully
      because of more misclassification of the tasks. The method resulted, in general,
      in a classification of tasks in four exposure categories ranging from no exposure
      to high exposure. The exposure categories correlated positively with mean
      concentrations, but showed overlapping exposure distributions. This resulted in
      misclassification of the exposure for individual workers when a relatively large
      interindividual variability in exposure levels within an exposure category was
      present. The results show that this method can be used for workplace exposure
      zoning, but that the usefulness of the estimates for epidemiological purposes is
      not clear-cut and depends strongly on the actual exposure characteristics within
      a workplace. A combination of the qualitative exposure estimation method together
      with assessment of the exposure levels by measurements makes a rearrangement of
      tasks or individual workers possible and could improve the validity of this
      method for epidemiological purposes.

PMID- 3687953
TI  - Asbestos disease in sheet metal workers: II. Radiologic signs of asbestosis among
      active workers.
AB  - A review of chest x-rays of 707 currently employed New York metropolitan area
      sheet metal workers found that 29.3% of the workers with 20 years or more of
      union membership (a surrogate for years of exposure) had radiologic abnormalities
      characteristic of parenchymal and/or pleural asbestosis, with 18.6% having
      abnormalities characteristic of parenchymal asbestosis (International Labor
      Organization [ILO] classification 1/0 or higher) and 17.4% of pleural asbestosis.
      The prevalence of abnormalities characteristic of either parenchymal and/or
      pleural asbestosis in the group as a whole was 16.4%, with 10.9% exhibiting signs
      of parenchymal asbestosis and 9.2% of pleural asbestosis. There was a strong,
      statistically significant relationship between years in the trade and the
      prevalence of radiologic abnormalities. These findings underscore the need for
      medical surveillance of all asbestos-exposed construction workers, including
      retirees and workers who have had past exposure but who are no longer exposed.

PMID- 3687954
TI  - Mortality among workers in a shoe manufacturing company.
AB  - Several epidemiologic studies have suggested that leather workers have an
      elevated risk of bladder cancer, nasal cancer, and leukemia. A case-control
      analysis of patient files at a large cancer treatment facility in New York State
      indicated that several bladder cancer patients had worked at a large shoe
      manufacturing company in upstate New York. A mortality study was initiated to
      determine whether there was an unusual cancer risk associated with employment in
      this facility. Because company records were not available, local newspaper
      obituaries were used to identify former company employees who died between 1960
      and 1979. Proportionate mortality (PMR) analyses were conducted by using 4,734
      death certificates and the general U.S. population for comparison. There were no
      excess deaths from nasal cancer or bladder cancer, and mortality from leukemia
      was slightly lower than expected. Increased relative frequencies of digestive
      cancers were seen among men and women. There were significant excesses of deaths
      from multiple myeloma among both men (PMR = 193) and women (PMR = 346).

PMID- 3687955
TI  - Sister chromatid exchanges and DNA repair capability in sanitary workers exposed
      to ethylene oxide: evaluation of the dose-effect relationship.
AB  - Determination of ethylene oxide (EtO) in the working environment and induction of
      sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) and unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) in
      peripheral lymphocytes of 10 exposed sanitary workers and 10 control subjects
      matched for sex, age, and smoking habits are reported. The relationship between
      the external dose of EtO and the frequency of SCE was determined in the above
      group and in a group of 41 sanitary workers previously studied. The 10 newly
      examined workers were exposed to EtO concentrations (1.84 ppm as time-weighted
      average) intermediate between the high (10.7 ppm) and low (0.35 ppm) levels of
      exposure of the two previously examined groups (19 and 22 workers, respectively).
      A statistically significant (p less than 0.002) increase of SCE frequency was
      observed between the present control and exposed groups. The inducibility of
      unscheduled DNA synthesis by gamma rays was lower in the lymphocytes of the
      exposed workers than in controls, but the difference was not statistically
      significant. A significant relationship between the frequency of SCE and the
      level of EtO exposure for the three exposed groups was demonstrated by two
      different statistical methods. It is suggested that the present Italian threshold
      limit value for EtO (3 ppm) may not protect the exposed workers against possible
      genotoxic effects and that even a chronic exposure to 1 ppm may not be devoid of
      genotoxic risk.

PMID- 3687956
TI  - Controlling physician dispensing.

PMID- 3687957
TI  - ASHP should take the lead in developing pharmacist-prescribing guidelines.

PMID- 3687958
TI  - Pharmaceutical companies may not practice what they preach.

PMID- 3687959
TI  - Purging procedure eliminates antineoplastic drug solution spillage.

PMID- 3687960
TI  - Gluten-containing pharmaceutical products.

PMID- 3687961
TI  - Reducing the handling of p.r.n. doses in a unit dose drug distribution system.

PMID- 3687962
TI  - Microwave thawing of frozen drug solutions.

PMID- 3687963
TI  - New attitude toward surveys needed.

PMID- 3687964
TI  - Quantifying workload.

PMID- 3687965
TI  - Review articles.

PMID- 3687966
TI  - Relationship between intensity of hospital services and pharmacy workload.
AB  - The relationship between hospital census variables and pharmacy department
      workload was studied; intensity, which measures services provided per
      hospitalized patient per day, was used as the workload indicator. Quarterly data
      on inpatient pharmacy workload and hospital census were statistically analyzed
      for 1981 through 1985. Number of patient days, number of admissions, average
      length of stay (LOS), and pharmacy work units were examined. A work unit was one
      unit of inpatient pharmacy activity, such as one order for oral medication or one
      i.v. admixture; clinical services were excluded. Intensity was defined as the
      number of work units per patient day. Intensity as a function of intensive-care
      unit (ICU) patient days was also analyzed. The number of pharmacy work units per
      quarter more than doubled from 1981 to 1985, while the number of admissions
      remained relatively constant. The average LOS decreased from 8.4 days in 1981 to
      6.3 days in 1985, and the number of patient days decreased 27%. Quarterly
      workload intensity increased from 1.4 to 4.37 over the five-year period.
      Statistical analysis showed a strong inverse relationship between intensity and
      average LOS; LOS accounted for 92% of the variability in intensity. The number of
      ICU patient days, which increased 21%, had a significant effect on pharmacy
      workload; 30% of the variation in pharmacy workload was explained by ICU days.
      Intensity measures are useful in predicting pharmacy department workload.

PMID- 3687967
TI  - Stability of total nutrient admixtures using various intravenous fat emulsions.
AB  - The stability of four lipid emulsions with amino acids and dextrose in total
      nutrient admixtures (TNAs) was studied. The admixtures were divided into three
      groups. In group 1, 24 admixtures representing 20 different combinations of
      Liposyn II (safflower oil-soybean oil fat emulsion) with various manufacturers'
      amino acids (FreAmine III, Travasol, Novamine, Nephramine, and RenAmin) were
      tested. In group 2, 19 TNAs representing 14 combinations containing soybean-oil
      emulsions (Intralipid, Travamulsion, and Soyacal) and Aminosyn II amino acids
      were studied. In group 3, 14 TNAs representing 9 combinations containing the
      above soybean oil emulsions and Aminosyn II with Electrolytes were tested. Both
      10% and 20% concentrations of fat emulsion, various amino acid concentrations
      ranging from 5.4% to 11.4%, and dextrose injections of 10, 20, 40, 50, and 70%
      were used. The admixtures were compounded in an ethylene vinyl acetate container.
      The mixing sequence involved transfer of fat emulsion to the empty container,
      followed by amino acids and dextrose. One of two electrolyte and trace metal
      profiles was added to each core admixture after compounding. Multivitamins were
      added just before the 24-hour room-temperature (25 +/- 4 degrees C) storage.
      Admixtures were tested initially and after one day at room temperature or nine
      days at 5 degrees C plus one day at room-temperature storage. Measurements of pH,
      emulsion particle size, osmolality, and zeta potential (electrostatic surface
      charge of lipid particles) were made after visual inspection of each admixture.
      In general, the TNAs retained a uniform, milk-like appearance under both storage
      conditions. The values of pH, zeta potential, particle size, and osmolality
      remained essentially unchanged throughout the study. Under the conditions of this
      study, the TNA formulations tested are stable for up to 10 days.

PMID- 3687968
TI  - Stability of various total nutrient admixture formulations using Liposyn II and
      Aminosyn II.
AB  - The compatibility of a safflower oil-soybean oil lipid emulsion (Liposyn II) with
      dextrose and amino acid injection (Aminosyn II) with or without electrolytes was
      studied in total nutrient admixtures (TNAs). The admixtures studied were divided
      into two groups. In group 1, 15 admixtures representing six different
      combinations of Liposyn II, Aminosyn II, and dextrose injection were studied. In
      group 2, nine admixtures representing nine combinations of Liposyn II, Aminosyn
      II with Electrolytes, and dextrose injection were studied. Both 10% and 20%
      concentrations of the fat emulsion, amino acid concentrations of 7, 8.5, and 10%,
      and dextrose injections of 10, 40, 50, and 70% were used. The core admixture
      components were placed in an ethylene vinyl acetate container in the following
      sequence: fat, amino acids, dextrose. One of two combinations of electrolytes and
      trace metals was added to each admixture at the end of mixing. Multivitamins were
      added to each TNA just before 24-hour storage at room temperature (25 +/- 4
      degrees C). Four admixtures were tested after one day at room temperature, six
      after two days at 5 degrees C plus one day at 30 degrees C, and 14 after nine
      days at 5 degrees C plus one day at room temperature. Measurements of pH,
      emulsion particle size, and zeta potential (electrostatic surface charge of lipid
      particles) were made after visual inspection of each admixture. Concentration of
      individual amino acids and dextrose were determined by appropriate
      chromatographic techniques initially and at the end of the storage period. The
      TNAs retained a uniform, milk-like appearance under all storage
      conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3687969
TI  - Stability of cefazolin sodium in various artificial tear solutions and aqueous
      vehicles.
AB  - The stability of cefazolin sodium reconstituted in four artificial tear
      solutions, two acetate buffer solutions, phosphate buffer solution, and 0.9%
      sodium chloride injection was studied. Cefazolin was reconstituted in Tearisol,
      Isopto Tears, Liquifilm Forte, and Liquifilm Tears; acetate buffer solution at pH
      4.5 and pH 5.7; phosphate buffer solution at pH 7.5; and 0.9% sodium chloride
      injection. The solutions were stored at 4 degrees C, 25 degrees C, and 35 degrees
      C for seven days. All of the solutions were inspected for particulates,
      turbidity, color, and odor. Five assay determinations on each of three samples of
      each formulation were performed using a stability-indicating high-performance
      liquid chromatographic assay. Cefazolin stability was influenced primarily by pH
      and storage temperature. Reconstitution of cefazolin sodium in the alkaline tear
      solutions Isopto Tears and Tearisol and in phosphate buffer solution resulted in
      particulate and color formation at 25 degrees C and 35 degrees C. Turbidity was
      noted after cefazolin sodium was reconstituted in Isopto Tears. No color or
      precipitate formation was evident after seven days at 25 degrees C and 35 degrees
      C in the formulations of acidic pH containing Liquifilm Tears, Liquifilm Forte,
      0.9% sodium chloride injection or acetate buffer solution as the vehicles. The
      extent of degradation of cefazolin was substantially higher in the formulations
      of alkaline pH than in those of acidic pH at 35 degrees C and 25 degrees C. All
      of the formulations retained more than 90% of their initial concentration when
      stored at 4 degrees C. Cefazolin sodium, when reconstituted in artificial tear
      solutions with an acidic pH, is stable for up to three days at room temperature.

PMID- 3687970
TI  - Stability of terbutaline sulfate repackaged in disposable plastic syringes.
AB  - The stability of terbutaline sulfate injection repackaged in disposable plastic
      syringes and stored for a 60-day period under one of three conditions, dark at 4
      degrees C, dark at 25 degrees C, and light at 25 degrees C, was studied.
      Terbutaline sulfate from 1-mg/mL ampuls was repackaged into 63 3-mL polypropylene
      syringes. Twenty-one syringes were protected from light by storage in ultraviolet
      light-inhibiting bags in a dark cabinet. Twenty-one syringes were exposed to
      continuous fluorescent light at room temperature, and the remaining syringes were
      stored in the dark under refrigeration. Samples were visually inspected and
      assayed on days 0, 1, 4, 7, 14, 28, and 60 after repackaging. Drug concentrations
      were determined by a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic
      method. Terbutaline concentrations ranged from 89.2% to 98.5% of initial
      concentration. The contents of the light-exposed syringes had yellowed by day 60.
      Terbutaline sulfate in polypropylene syringes is stable for 60 days under
      refrigeration and at room temperature when protected from light, but substantial
      degradation and discoloration of the drug can occur when the syringes are not
      protected from light.

PMID- 3687971
TI  - Airborne levels of isopropyl alcohol disinfectant in a laminar-airflow hood.
AB  - Airborne levels of isopropyl alcohol when used as a disinfectant in a horizontal
      laminar-airflow hood were measured during a 10-day period to determine whether
      levels conformed to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
      guidelines. An infrared vapor analyzer was positioned in the airflow of the six
      foot horizontal laminar-airflow hood for 10 days to continuously monitor the
      levels of isopropyl alcohol under usual procedural conditions. A continuous
      printout of the levels of isopropyl alcohol allowed determination of the eight
      hour time-weighted average level. The mean (+/- S.D.) eight-hour time-weighted
      average level of isopropyl alcohol in the laminar-airflow hood was 99.6 +/- 30.6
      parts per million (ppm). By OSHA standards, the eight-hour time-weighted average
      airborne level of isopropyl alcohol in the work place cannot exceed 400 ppm.
      Usual conditions in the laminar-airflow hood at this institution complied with
      the OSHA standard for airborne isopropyl alcohol.

PMID- 3687972
TI  - Pharmacy-based medication-administration team in a rural community hospital.

PMID- 3687974
TI  - Administrator's view on justifying progressive services.

PMID- 3687973
TI  - Visual compatibility of midazolam hydrochloride with common preoperative
      injectable medications.

PMID- 3687975
TI  - It beats the truth.

PMID- 3687976
TI  - Obstacles to clinical practice.

PMID- 3687977
TI  - Clinical pharmacy rotations for postdoctoral industrial fellows.

PMID- 3687978
TI  - Serving on an ASHP council.

PMID- 3687979
TI  - Employing foreign medical graduates in hospital pharmacy.

PMID- 3687980
TI  - New Jersey standards affect dispensing of i.v. admixtures.

PMID- 3687981
TI  - Purchasing power.

PMID- 3687982
TI  - Group purchasing: case reports. American Healthcare Systems.

PMID- 3687983
TI  - Group purchasing: case reports. AmeriNet.

PMID- 3687984
TI  - Group purchasing: case reports. Center for Health Affairs, Greater Cleveland
      Hospital Association.

PMID- 3687985
TI  - Group purchasing: case reports. Hospital Corporation of America.

PMID- 3687986
TI  - Group purchasing: case reports. Hospital Shared Services of Washington State.

PMID- 3687987
TI  - Group purchasing: case reports. Humana Inc.

PMID- 3687988
TI  - Group purchasing: case reports. The Sisters of the Third Order of St. Francis.

PMID- 3687989
TI  - Group purchasing: case reports. University Hospital Consortium.

PMID- 3687990
TI  - Job characteristics and satisfaction of pharmacy technicians.
AB  - Perceptions of job characteristics and job satisfaction of central-area
      technicians and drug-administration technicians at The Ohio State University
      Hospitals were analyzed. A questionnaire was administered to 79 pharmacy drug
      administration technicians; 44 central-area technicians; 10 pharmacy residents,
      who served as objective raters (5 in the central area and 5 in the decentral
      area); 13 central-area pharmacists; and 17 decentral-area pharmacists. Perceived
      job characteristics were measured with the Job Characteristics Inventory; job
      satisfaction was measured by the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire. The
      two groups of technicians differed significantly in their perceptions of task
      identity, task significance, and dealing with others. Significantly greater
      autonomy in technicians' jobs was perceived to exist by pharmacists and raters in
      both areas than by technicians. Significantly greater task identity was perceived
      by the central-area technicians than by their raters, and significantly greater
      task importance was perceived by both groups of technicians than by their
      pharmacists and raters. Friendship opportunities were perceived to exist to a
      significantly greater degree by decentral pharmacists and raters than by the drug
      administration technicians. In the institution studied, both central-area and
      drug-administration technicians tended to be dissatisfied with their jobs.
      Central-area technicians' satisfaction was influenced most by the technicians'
      relationships with their supervisors and the feelings of accomplishment they
      gained. Drug-administration technicians were most satisfied if they believed they
      had opportunities to use their abilities. Efforts to increase job satisfaction
      among pharmacy technicians should focus on increasing feedback and task identity.

PMID- 3687991
TI  - Reductive destruction of dacarbazine, procarbazine hydrochloride, isoniazid, and
      iproniazid.
AB  - Reductive destruction of dacarbazine, procarbazine hydrochloride, isoniazid, and
      iproniazid using nickel-aluminum alloy in basic solution is described. Solutions
      of dacarbazine 10 mg/mL were prepared by adding dacarbazine 100 mg, citric acid
      100 mg, and mannitol 50 mg to 10 mL of water. Aqueous solutions of procarbazine
      hydrochloride 10 mg/mL were prepared from commercially available capsules, and
      aqueous solutions of isoniazid 10 mg/mL and iproniazid 5 mg/mL were prepared from
      powdered drug. Reductive destruction of drugs was accomplished by mixing each
      solution with an equal volume of 1 M potassium hydroxide solution and adding 1 g
      of nickel-aluminum alloy for each 20 mL of basified solution. The resulting
      mixtures were stirred for 20 hours (96 hours for iproniazid) and analyzed by high
      performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography for the presence of
      residual drug and degradation products. Dacarbazine solutions were also subjected
      to destruction by photolysis and by oxidation using potassium permanganate in
      sulfuric acid, and the results were compared with those obtained by reductive
      destruction. All reaction mixtures were tested for mutagenicity in Salmonella
      strains. All drugs subjected to reductive destruction were completely degraded to
      the limits of detection of the assay and produced only nonmutagenic reaction
      mixtures. The only acceptable results for dacarbazine were obtained by the
      reductive destruction method. Reduction of dacarbazine, procarbazine
      hydrochloride, isoniazid, and iproniazid with nickel-aluminum alloy in dilute
      base appears to be a good method for the destruction of these toxic compounds.

PMID- 3687992
TI  - Considerations in using the i.v. route for drug delivery.

PMID- 3687993
TI  - Drug preparation techniques for i.v. drug delivery systems.

PMID- 3687994
TI  - Developing and implementing a contract for electronic infusion devices.

PMID- 3687995
TI  - Development of an institutional i.v. drug delivery policy.

PMID- 3687996
TI  - Toward a well-defined category of technical personnel in pharmacy. ASHP Task
      Force on Technical Personnel in Pharmacy.

PMID- 3687997
TI  - Nabumetone, a new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Criteria for therapeutic
      selection. Proceedings of a symposium. San Diego, California, December 11 to 14,
      1986.

PMID- 3687998
TI  - Nabumetone pharmacokinetics in patients with varying degrees of renal impairment.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of 1 g of oral nabumetone were studied in 20 patients
      divided into three groups according to the creatinine clearance rate of each.
      Pharmacokinetic assessment was made on the presence of the major and active
      metabolite found in the plasma, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, BRL 10720.
      Although the differences in the kinetic parameters measured in the three groups
      of patients were not statistically significant, that the drug should be used with
      care in patients with impaired renal function until additional data are
      available.

PMID- 3687999
TI  - Bioequivalence study of nabumetone: tablet versus suspension.
AB  - The orally administered tablet and suspension of the analgesic drug nabumetone
      (Relafen), a novel naphthylalkanone, were tested for bioequivalence. Nabumetone
      is rapidly metabolized to an active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid
      (BRL 10720). The pharmacokinetics of the metabolite were studied in 24 healthy
      adult male volunteers. Each received a 1-g dose of the nabumetone formulations in
      a balanced, randomized, two-way crossover investigation. Serum metabolite
      concentrations were determined over a 120-hour interval by high-performance
      liquid chromatography. The values of the pharmacokinetic parameters computed for
      tablet and suspension are presented in that order: area under the curve =
      1,269:1,338 mg.hour/ml; absorption half-life = 1.04:0.83 hour; elimination half
      life = 27.16:25.15 hours; lag time = 0.19:0.07 hour; peak concentration =
      27.56:31.91 micrograms/ml, and time to peak concentration = 4.99:4.17 hours. The
      mean concentration of BRL 10720 was found to be higher during the first eight
      hours for the suspension than for the tablet. Using criteria for statistical
      significance, the values for peak concentration, time to peak concentration,
      elimination half-life, and lag time were found significant (p less than 0.05).
      These results may well be reflecting the increased absorption characteristics of
      the suspension due to the pharmaceutical characteristics of the preparation. The
      formulations were found to be bioequivalent when compared on the premise that no
      significant difference was detected when area under the curve and all other
      parameters were compared, based upon the 75/75 rule analysis.

PMID- 3688001
TI  - Overview of osteoarthritis.
AB  - Osteoarthritis is a disease characterized by defects in articular cartilage with
      involvement of the tissues about the joint. The disease is frequent in the
      population over the age of 40 and is a major public health problem. Development
      of disease is due to cartilagenous, bony, synovial, mechanical, and other factors
      operating independently, as well as in combination. Therapeutic programs should
      be an integration of physical measures, medicinal agents, psychosocial
      interventions, and surgery. Therapy should be directed at the pathophysiologic
      causes of the patients' symptoms.

PMID- 3688000
TI  - Preclinical overview of nabumetone. Pharmacology, bioavailability, metabolism,
      and toxicology.
AB  - Nabumetone is a novel nonacidic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)
      developed by Beecham Pharmaceuticals. After absorption, nabumetone undergoes
      extensive metabolism, the main circulating material being 6-methoxy-2
      naphthylacetic acid, (BRL 10720). This, unlike nabumetone, is a potent inhibitor
      of prostaglandin synthesis and is considered to be the active anti-inflammatory
      metabolite. Nabumetone is active in all standard laboratory models of
      inflammation and has a greater ratio of active to gastric irritant doses
      (therapeutic ratio) in the rat than any other NSAID tested. The lack of effect on
      the gastric mucosa in all species has been a notable feature of the toxicology
      studies. In humans, relative bioavailability is similar after administration of
      different dose levels, the mean terminal plasma half-life of BRL 10720 being
      about 24 hours, allowing for once-daily dosing. The half-life of BRL 10720 does
      not change on repeated dosing, and no unexpected or irreversible accumulation
      occurs in elderly patients.

PMID- 3688002
TI  - Nabumetone kinetics in the young and elderly.
AB  - Nabumetone, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug of the naphthylalkanone class,
      was studied in an open-label fashion to compare the relative single-dose and
      steady-state kinetics in young healthy male volunteers and in elderly patients
      with degenerative joint disease. Seventeen healthy male volunteers 21 to 30 years
      of age and 17 patients 60 to 75 years of age were studied. After a single oral
      dose of 1,000 mg nabumetone, blood and urine samples were collected over a five
      day period. Plasma was assayed for nabumetone and the active metabolite, 6
      methoxynaphthylacetic acid, and the urine was assayed for five metabolites.
      Following this phase, they received daily oral doses of 1,000 mg nabumetone for
      14 days. After the final dose, blood and urine samples were again collected for
      five days for the same assays. These data were fitted to a single compartment
      model and the derived data are as follows: mean maximal plasma concentration,
      maximal time concentration, area under the plasma-time curve, elimination rate
      constant, and elimination half-life in the young group after single dose were
      22.9, 8.4, 838, 0.032, and 21.2, respectively, whereas on steady-state, values
      were 33.6, 4.1, 666, 0.031, and 22.1, respectively. In the elderly group after
      single dose, these values were 30.2, 10.8, 1,538, 0.024, and 29.2, whereas on
      steady-state, they were 50.0, 7.2, 1,092, 0.027, and 25.6. The accumulation ratio
      was 1.6 in the young and 1.8 in the elderly. Side effects in the young were mild
      and consistent of headaches, epigastric discomfort, nausea, and vomiting, whereas
      in the elderly they consisted mainly of headaches. No significant changes in
      complete blood cell count, blood chemistries, or urinalysis were noted. We
      concluded from these data that the drug does not accumulate if given every 24
      hours; therefore, a single daily dose should provide sufficient therapy and that
      due to a difference in elimination, elderly patients may require a lower dose.

PMID- 3688003
TI  - Use of radiographs to measure outcome in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Currently, radiographic analysis of the hands and wrists provides the most
      practical, useful, and objective biologic endpoint for measurement of outcome in
      rheumatoid arthritis. Semiquantitative scoring methods for cartilage loss and
      osseous erosions developed by Sharp (Arthritis Rheum 1971; 14: 706-720) and
      Larsen (Scand J Rheum 1973; 2: 136-138) have established standards for
      sensitivity and interobserver reliability. Sharp (Arthritis Rheum 1985; 28: 16
      24) has shown that in order to reliably measure change in erosion score, a
      certain degree of worsening (i.e., progression) must take place. At least one
      year is necessary, preferably two. Others have shown that rheumatoid arthritis
      erosions take place and progress early (Years 1 to 3) in most patients, and once
      destruction is established it may not be possible to adequately assess further
      change radiographically. Therefore, in order to perform a clinical trial of
      "disease modifying" agents with radiographic analysis as endpoint, the selections
      of a proper study population and time interval are most critical. Although it may
      be difficult to perform, an ideal clinical study for a therapeutic intervention
      would use patients with rheumatoid arthritis of less than five years' disease
      duration and perform radiographic analysis at a 24-month minimum interval. The
      selection of a proper control group may be a near impossibility under these
      circumstances.

PMID- 3688004
TI  - Osteoarthritis: the clinical picture, pathogenesis, and management with studies
      on a new therapeutic agent, S-adenosylmethionine. Proceedings of a symposium.
      April 29 to May 4, 1986, New York, New York.

PMID- 3688005
TI  - Osteoarthritis: the clinical picture, pathogenesis, and management with studies
      on a new therapeutic agent, S-adenosylmethionine.

PMID- 3688006
TI  - Role of chondrocytes in the development of osteoarthritis.
AB  - The chondrocyte holds a key position in the development of osteoarthritis. As the
      only living element of the articular cartilage, it produces the components of the
      matrix, i.e., collagens and proteoglycans. In the course of its life, the
      chondrocyte is susceptible to nutrient and toxic dangers. This leads to a
      qualitative and quantitative jeopardy of the matrix production. Collagens and
      proteoglycans are also subject to metabolic influences. Whatever the cause(s),
      osteoarthritis results in deficient masking of the collagen fibers and in
      roughening of the cartilaginous surface. Thus, the phase of "wear and tear" is
      initiated, which is characteristic of osteoarthritis. This process may provoke a
      total loss of cartilage and opening of the subchondral medullary spaces. However,
      osteoarthritis probably only becomes clinically manifest when a secondary
      synovitis supervenes, which is caused by mediators developing from degradation
      products of the cartilaginous matrix. Thus, osteoarthritis can be considered to
      develop from a disproportion between the quality of the matrix and load to the
      cartilage. Aside from avoiding non-physiologic overload to the articular
      cartilage, therapy must influence the secondary synovitis. Furthermore, an
      attempt should be made to interfere effectively with the chondrocytic metabolism
      by means of "chondroprotective substances."

PMID- 3688008
TI  - Effect of S-adenosylmethionine on experimental osteoarthritis in rabbits.
AB  - Twenty-four rabbits with surgically induced osteoarthritis of the knee were
      allocated into three treatment groups (placebo, S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) 30
      mg/kg per day, and SAMe 60 mg/kg per day). Intramuscular administration of drug
      or placebo was begun immediately after surgery and continued for 12 consecutive
      weeks. At the end of the treatment period, animals were killed, and the articular
      surfaces of the knees were studied using histologic and histochemical techniques.
      Microscopic studies showed that the number of cells and the depth of the
      cartilage were significantly (p less than 0.001) increased in SAMe-treated
      rabbits in comparison with placebo-treated animals. No difference was found in
      comparing data in animals given SAMe at the two dosage levels. In conclusion,
      these results suggest a chondroprotective effect of SAMe in animals with
      experimental osteoarthritis.

PMID- 3688009
TI  - Fenofibrate, a third-generation fibric acid derivative.

PMID- 3688007
TI  - Proteoglycans synthesized by human chondrocytes cultivated in clusters.
AB  - Proteoglycan metabolism was studied by a specific human cartilage proteoglycan
      radioimmunoassay in human chondrocytes cultivated in clusters. In this culture
      system, after a few days, previously dissociated chondrocytes were aggregated.
      They then synthesized a new cartilage matrix and were morphologically
      differentiated; they had a round shape and were situated inside small individual
      cavities (lacunae). The amounts of proteoglycan released into culture medium and
      present in chondrocyte clusters were maximal on the third to fifth day of
      culture; production decreased and stabilized from the 10th day to the end of
      culture. During the first days of culture, monomeric proteoglycans were present
      in large proportion; they gradually decreased between the sixth and 11th day of
      culture. These results suggest a modified synthesis of proteoglycan and
      hyaluronic acid during cultivation.

PMID- 3688010
TI  - Fenofibrate, a third-generation fibric acid derivative. Proceedings of a
      symposium. November 15, 1986, Dallas, Texas.

PMID- 3688011
TI  - Effect of fenofibrate treatment on type III hyperlipoproteinemia.
AB  - The effect of treatment with fenofibrate was investigated in nine patients (seven
      men) presenting with type III hyperlipoproteinemia. This therapy produced a
      statistically significant decrease in serum triglyceride, cholesterol,
      apolipoproteins B, CII, CIII, and E levels. Particular attention was focused on
      lipoproteins containing apolipoprotein B. The concentration of particles
      recognized by monoclonal antibodies (BL3, BL5, and BL7), associated with
      atherosclerotic disease, was lowered by the treatment. The most dramatic decrease
      was observed for lipoproteins LpE:B and LpCIII:B, which are particularly enhanced
      in type III hyperlipoproteinemia.

PMID- 3688012
TI  - Potential use of fenofibrate and other fibric acid derivatives in the clinic.
AB  - The fibric acid derivatives continue to have a place in the treatment of
      hyperlipidemia. The third generation of these drugs, including fenofibrate,
      appears to offer some advantages over those currently available in the United
      States. These drugs should be prescribed only after dietary and lifestyle changes
      have been offered as the preferable treatment. In severe hypertriglyceridemia,
      clofibrate, gemfibrozil, or fenofibrate may reduce the very low-density
      lipoprotein and chylomicron levels adequately. Dysbetalipoproteinemia may also be
      completely controlled by a combination of diet and any one of these drugs. When
      the low-density lipoprotein level is elevated, the newer fibric acid derivatives,
      such as fenofibrate, may be more effective in lowering the plasma cholesterol
      levels. This is true for those patients with elevated low-density lipoprotein and
      normal very low-density lipoprotein triglyceride levels, as well as those with
      elevated very low-density lipoprotein triglyceride levels. A 20 percent reduction
      in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels is expected when the triglyceride
      levels are not elevated. When the very low-density lipoprotein triglyceride
      levels are elevated, the low-density lipoprotein response is more variable, and
      on occasion the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level may rise as the very
      low-density lipoprotein level is reduced. The average reduction in low-density
      lipoprotein cholesterol levels (about 6 percent) caused by fenofibrate may be
      greater in patients with elevated very low-density lipoprotein triglyceride
      levels than by other fibrates. In combination with other agents that lower low
      density lipoprotein levels more specifically, such as the bile acid sequestrants
      and hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, fenofibrate may act to
      effect control of the triglycerides allowing management of those patients with
      disorders producing elevated very low-density lipoprotein and low-density
      lipoprotein levels. Extensive European experience with fenofibrate (six million
      patient-years) indicates that severe side effects are unlikely. However, the
      physician should monitor patients for skin rash, liver and renal function
      abnormalities, gastrointestinal dysfunction, and generalized muscle tenderness.
      All of these usually appear very early in the course of treatment and are
      reversible. Of greater concern is the possibility of an increased incidence of
      cholelithiasis, since the bile becomes relatively enriched in cholesterol during
      therapy with any fibric acid derivative.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3688013
TI  - Dermatoglyphic development on the volar pads of rats with chromosome
      abnormalities.
AB  - Dermatoglyphic abnormalities are often observed in patients with chromosome
      aberrations, but no similar observations have been made in animals. In the
      present study, palmar dermatoglyphics were examined in 4 rats with chromosome
      anomalies. Reciprocal translocations were induced by gamma-irradiation; the
      animals used were obtained from among offspring with abnormal karyotypes that
      were derived from the original mutant rats. As the epidermal surface of the volar
      pad of the rat is flat, dermatoglyphic characteristics were observed on the
      dermal surface following staining with toluidine blue. Unusual ridge
      configurations were found in some of them, suggesting that dermatoglyphic
      development in the rat reflects, to some extent, an abnormal chromosome
      constitution.

PMID- 3688014
TI  - Facial effects of fetal alcohol exposure: assessment by photographs and
      morphometric analysis.

PMID- 3688015
TI  - Abnormal phenotype in a child with a "balanced" translocation 8/12 in mosaic
      state.

PMID- 3688016
TI  - Second Annual Prader-Willi Syndrome Scientific Conference. Houston, June 17,
      1987. Proceedings and abstracts.

PMID- 3688017
TI  - Duplication of proximal 15q as a cause of Prader-Willi syndrome.
AB  - We describe an apparent duplication of proximal 15q, i.e., 15q11q12 or 15q12q13
      in two patients. Prometaphase chromosome analysis, C-banding and distamycin
      A/DAPI staining were used to exclude a translocation between the abnormal 15
      homolog and another chromosome. The 2 patients have many manifestations of the
      Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) including at least 5 of the following: obesity,
      compulsive eating, mental retardation, short stature, central hypotonia,
      hypogonadism, small hands and feet, hypopigmentation, and feeding problems in
      infancy. Results of high resolution chromosome analysis of the parents of both
      patients were normal. A comparison between these patients and 2 subjects from
      previous reports demonstrates phenotypic heterogeneity among the duplication 15q
      PWS patients. Two patients have the hypopigmentation seen in chromosomally normal
      and deletion PWS patients. These cases add to the variety of chromosome 15
      aberrations which are associated with PWS.

PMID- 3688018
TI  - Unique mosaicism in Prader-Labhart-Willi syndrome--a contiguous gene or
      aneuploidy syndrome?
AB  - A 16-year-old boy with Prader-Labhart-Willi syndrome (PLWS) had hypotonia,
      feeding difficulties, failure to thrive, strabismus and bilateral inguinal
      hernias with cryptorchidism during infancy followed by hyperphagia, marked early
      onset obesity with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and necrobiosis lipoidica
      diabeticorum, short stature, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and some of the facial
      characteristics of the individuals with the PLWS. IQ is estimated around 90.
      Cytogenetic studies showed mosaicism: 45,X, t(Y;15) with partial deletion 15
      (15pter----15q12); 46,X, t(Y;15), dic (15)(15pter----15q12::15q12----15pter) and
      47, X, t(Y;15), dic(15), dic(15). The dic(15) was bisatellited, NOR-positive on
      both arms and represented inv dup(15). Thus, the 2 lines with the dic(15) showed
      partial trisomy 15 (15pter----15q12) and partial pentasomy 15 (15pter----15q12),
      respectively. The cell line ratios were different in lymphocyte and fibroblast
      cultures. The unique cytogenetic findings in this patient, the reports of a
      variety of chromosome 15 aberrations in PLWS, as well as aberrations of other
      chromosomes, suggest that the condition is a contiguous gene syndrome rather than
      an aneuploidy syndrome.

PMID- 3688019
TI  - Deletions of proximal 15q without Prader-Willi syndrome.
AB  - Fifteen patients with deletion of proximal 15q without typical Prader-Willi
      syndrome (PWS) have been reported previously [Schwartz et al, 1985]. We report on
      2 additional patients without typical PWS found to have deletions of 15q11-13 on
      chromosome analysis done for evaluation of developmental delay. Their
      manifestations include broad nasal bridge with telecanthus, full nasal tip with
      flare of nasal alae, long upper lip, posteriorly angulated ears, highly arched
      palate, hypotonia, seizures and marked developmental delay. It was suggested that
      there may be a specific phenotype associated with this deletion which differs
      from PWS. Whether this deletion differs from the deletion associated with PWS
      awaits delineation on a molecular level.

PMID- 3688020
TI  - Sister chromatid exchange analysis in the Prader-Labhart-Willi syndrome.
AB  - The number of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) and cell kinetics in lymphocytes
      were investigated from 16 Prader-Labhart-Willi syndrome (PLWS) patients [8 with
      15q12 deletion (4 females, 4 males; mean age = 12.9y with age range of 0.3 to
      24y), and 8 non-deletion (2 females, 6 males; means age = 16.8y with age range of
      5 to 26y)], 18 parents of PLWS patients and age-matched control individuals. The
      average SCE frequency and standard deviation in PLWS patients with and without
      the chromosome 15 deletion was 6.6 +/- 1.3 and 6.2 +/- 0.8, respectively.
      Therefore no significant difference in SCE frequency or replicative index was
      found between the two PLWS subgroups. There was also no significant difference in
      SCE frequency or replicative index between the 16 PLWS patients and age-matched
      control subjects. The average SCE frequency and standard deviation in 8 fathers
      who were previously identified to have donated the chromosome 15 with the
      deletion in the child was 7.5 +/- 1.2, which was not significantly different from
      8.5 +/- 2.0 seen in age-matched control subjects. There was also no significant
      difference in the SCE frequency or replicative index of 18 parents of PLWS
      patients with and without the chromosome 15 deletion when compared with age
      matched control subjects.

PMID- 3688021
TI  - Is Angelman syndrome an alternate result of del(15)(q11q13)?
AB  - Two unrelated females, age 15 and 5 years respectively, were studied
      cytogenetically because of severe mental retardation, seizures and ataxia-like
      incoordination. A similar deletion of the proximal long arm of chromosome 15 was
      found in both patients. Re-evaluation showed no voracious appetite or obesity;
      normal size of hands and feet, minimal to no hypotonia by history or examination
      and facial features not typical of the Prader-Willi syndrome. However, the facial
      appearance of the girls was similar to each other with mild hypertelorism. The
      similarity of these girls and dissimilarity to Prader-Willi syndrome suggest a
      different syndrome, perhaps the result of deletion of a different segment of 15q.
      The findings of ataxic-like movements, frequent, unprovoked and prolonged bouts
      of laughter and facial appearance are more compatible with the diagnosis of
      Angelman syndrome.

PMID- 3688022
TI  - Plasma immunoreactive beta-melanocyte stimulating hormone (lipotropin) levels in
      individuals with Prader-Labhart-Willi syndrome.
AB  - Plasma immunoreactive beta-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (beta-MSH) levels,
      which actually represent the combined concentrations of beta-lipotropin (beta
      LPH) and gamma-LPH in normal individuals, were measured in 12 patients (6 males
      and 6 females with an average age of 16.8 years, range 4 months to 27 years) with
      the Prader-Labhart-Willi syndrome (PLWS). Five patients were previously
      identified with high-resolution analysis as having the 15q chromosomal deletion,
      whereas 7 patients had normal chromosomes. Hypopigmentation was observed in all 5
      patients with the 15q deletion. Of the 7 individuals with normal chromosomes, two
      were hypopigmented and 5 had normal pigmentation. Fasting (6 to 12 hours) plasma
      samples were analyzed for immunoreactive beta-MSH in the 12 PLWS individuals.
      Plasma immunoreactive beta-MSH (LPH) levels were within the normal range in all
      12 individuals. There was no significant difference in the plasma immunoreactive
      beta-MSH concentrations between patients who did and did not have the chromosomal
      deletion or in those who were or were not hypopigmented. Thus, a decrease in
      circulating plasma immunoreactive beta-MSH (LPH) does not appear to be the cause
      of the hypopigmentation observed in some patients with PLWS.

PMID- 3688023
TI  - Neonatal diagnosis of Prader-Willi syndrome and its implications.
AB  - Although Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) patients usually first present with neonatal
      hypotonia and feeding difficulty, they later show hyperphagia, obesity and mental
      retardation. Since deletions of chromosomes 15q11-q13 are noted in most PWS
      patients cytogenetic analysis allows one to diagnose infants suspected of PWS
      with a greater certainty. We report on 5 hypotonic infants clinically suspected
      of PWS in the first 3 months of life, whose diagnosis was confirmed by
      cytogenetic studies showing monosomy of 15q11-q13. Early diagnosis of PWS can
      lead to prevention of obesity, but counseling of parents has been difficult.
      Although there are significant benefits to the early diagnosis of PWS, the cost
      effectiveness and practicality of screening all hypotonic infants using high
      resolution cytogenetic analysis has been addressed systematically.

PMID- 3688024
TI  - Linear growth response to exogenous growth hormone in Prader-Willi syndrome.
AB  - Linear growth retardation and adult short stature are usual characteristics of
      Prader-Willi syndrome. Several lines of evidence suggest that a deficiency in
      growth hormone (GH) secretion may contribute to this abnormal growth pattern. We
      have recently reported observations in 4 children with Prader-Willi syndrome
      treated with GH. This report extends our observations in 2 of these cases. Both
      cases had abnormally low growth rate, normal stimulated GH levels, and low
      somatomedin-C levels prior to therapy. GH treatment led to significant increases
      in linear growth rate and somatomedin-C levels. An additive effect of oxandrolone
      therapy on linear growth rate was demonstrated in one case. Our results support
      the possibility of a neuro-secretory GH deficiency in Prader-Willi syndrome and
      suggest a need for further investigations.

PMID- 3688025
TI  - Premature coronary artery atherosclerosis in a patient with Prader-Willi
      syndrome.
AB  - A 26-year old white male with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) and non-insulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus presented with asymptomatic bilateral lower limb
      swelling. An electrocardiogram was consistent with an inferior wall myocardial
      infarction of unknown age and a graded exercise test using the Bruce protocol was
      consistent with inferolateral ischemia. Subsequent cardiac catheterization showed
      severe, inoperable, three-vessel coronary artery disease. Atherosclerotic
      coronary artery disease in PWS has been documented only once in the literature,
      and then only postmortem. This case provides further (and for the first time,
      premortem) documentation that premature atherosclerotic coronary artery disease
      may play an important but presently unrecognized role in the morbidity and
      mortality in PWS.

PMID- 3688027
TI  - Rumination and vomiting in Prader-Willi syndrome.
AB  - Inability to vomit has been cited as characteristic of Prader-Willi syndrome
      (PWS). Although post-prandial vomiting after gastric by-pass surgery has been
      reported, neither vomiting under "typical" circumstances or rumination have been
      described. Prompted by the discovery of several cases of vomiting and rumination,
      a questionnaire was sent to members of the PWS Association. Approximately 36%
      (113/313) of affected individuals reportedly experienced at least one episode of
      vomiting. Induced vomiting was unsuccessful in 9 of 14 cases in whom results were
      known. However, no complications of Ipecac were reported. We suggest that there
      is an alteration in the physiologic set-point at which vomiting occurs, leading
      to a decreased propensity to vomit. Liberal and strict definitions of rumination
      yielded 15.7% and 10.2% positive responses, respectively. Rumination was
      associated with a history of vomiting. Enamel deterioration consistent with
      rumination has been observed, and such changes should be looked for in all PWS
      children. In several instances, rumination was found to decrease when very strict
      weight control was lessened. Certain individuals may ruminate under too strict a
      weight control program, and weight control goals should be evaluated to achieve a
      reasonable compromise between ideal weight and obesity. Vomiting and rumination
      do not rule out the diagnosis of PWS.

PMID- 3688026
TI  - Clinical comparison of 59 Prader-Willi patients with and without the 15(q12)
      deletion.
AB  - Fifty-nine patients with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) (including three blacks)
      were enrolled in a behavior modification program including dietary restriction,
      nutritional education for self-management of food intake, and exercise. Caloric
      intake for most patients was 700-800 calories per day. The average stay per
      patient was 5 weeks with a mean weight loss of 6.6 kg. Thirty-one patients (53%)
      had apparently normal chromosomes compared to 25 patients (42%) with apparent
      15(q12) deletion. Three patients had other chromosome abnormalities including two
      with mosaicism for idic(15)(q11) and one with a de novo apparently balanced
      translocation t(8q;18q). There were no differences in manifestations or the
      effects of the behavior modification program between chromosomally normal and
      abnormal patients. However, the mean weight loss in the 59 PWS patients was less
      than would have been expected based on their calculated daily caloric
      requirements suggesting that PWS patients have reduced caloric needs per unit of
      body weight compared to normal individuals. Supporting this also was that weight
      maintenance could be accomplished with only 1000 calories per day on the average.
      In general, behavioral response to the modification program was successful in
      that tantrum responses, while not eliminated, were reduced in frequency and
      severity.

PMID- 3688028
TI  - Emotional symptoms in Prader-Willi syndrome adolescents.
AB  - Clinical observations and parental reports on the behavior of Prader-Willi
      syndrome (PWS) patients suggest the development of a wide variety of psychiatric
      disorders as the PWS child enters adolescence. Documentation of these emotional
      disorders remains unsystematic. Here we describe the results of administering the
      Survey Diagnostic Instrument (SDI) to the parents of 35 PWS adolescents. The
      questionnaire data were supplemented by additional selected demographic and
      clinical data. The SDI is a 134 item questionnaire filled out by one parent. It
      screens for the DSM-III criterion-based diagnostic categories of neurosis
      (dysphoric, compulsive, anxious), somatization, conduct disorder (antisocial,
      violent), and hyperactivity. The following diagnostic pattern resulted: neurosis,
      dysphoric, (1 probable); neurosis, compulsive, 3 (6 probable); neurosis, anxious,
      4 (and 10 probable); somatization, 0; conduct disorder, violent 0; conduct
      disorder, antisocial, 0; hyperactivity, 1 (and 1 probable). An odds ratio
      algorithm is used to uncover possible predisposing factors, and the results are
      discussed in the context of organic versus psychiatric causes.

PMID- 3688029
TI  - Social skills training of Prader-Willi staff.
AB  - Over the past 30 years, research interest in PWS has focused on questions related
      to the identification of syndrome features, determination of etiology and
      incidence, and effectiveness of both medical and nutritional management
      strategies. Residential and day treatment facilities have emphasized control of
      food and of inappropriate behaviors. The present training program developed
      techniques and materials to encourage positive behaviors and minimize
      inappropriate behaviors, supplementing earlier techniques. Activities from social
      skills training curricula were adapted to the needs of PWS persons. Training
      sessions were held with staff in residential settings to field test the
      techniques. This paper summarizes the training program and describes effective
      techniques and materials.

PMID- 3688030
TI  - Duchenne muscular dystrophy: comparison among different racial groups.
AB  - We have compared 232 patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy belonging to three
      racial groups: caucasoids, negroids, and mongoloids. Clinical evolution, serum
      creatine-kinase, and pyruvate-kinase levels were analysed in the three groups.
      The results of this investigation show that the clinical evolution did not differ
      significantly among these three racial groups. For serum enzyme activities a
      statistically significant difference was found only for CK between negroids and
      mongoloids.

PMID- 3688031
TI  - Choanal atresia and athelia: methimazole teratogenicity or a new syndrome?
AB  - An infant girl with choanal atresia, athelia, minor anomalies, and mild to
      moderate mental retardation was born to a woman treated for hyperthyroidism
      throughout pregnancy with methimazole and propranolol. The patient's defects may
      be due to methimazole teratogenicity or could represent a previously undescribed
      syndrome affecting ectodermal structures.

PMID- 3688032
TI  - Pathological confirmation of cystic fibrosis in the fetus following prenatal
      diagnosis.
AB  - Prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis is presently based on the determination of
      microvillar enzyme activities in the amniotic fluid. However, there seems to be
      no accurate means for confirming the diagnosis of the aborted fetus. During the
      past year we performed pathological and histopathological examinations on 7
      fetuses diagnosed in the second trimester of pregnancy to be affected by cystic
      fibrosis and compared them with 4 control age-matched fetuses. Glycol
      methacrylate-embedded 2-3-mu thick sections of the pancreas, lungs, bronchial
      tree, and GI tract were stained with toluidine blue, H&E, PAS, and AB-PAS, and
      examined microscopically. In the controls, PAS-positive granules were dispersed
      throughout the cytoplasm of most pancreatic acinar and tracheal submucosal
      glandular cells. In the affected fetuses 2 distinct groups were identified. In
      one group of 4 fetuses, the pancreatic and tracheal submucosal glands were
      dilated and contained a weak PAS-positive material. The glandular epithelial
      cells had very little PAS-positive granules. In this group, the tracheal
      epithelium was either atrophic or metaplastic and devoid of microvilli. In the
      second group of 3 fetuses there was less dilation of the glands, and both
      pancreatic acinar cells and tracheal submucosal glandular epithelial cells
      contained few PAS-positive granules, which were confined mainly to a perinuclear
      location. The tracheal epithelial cells contained few microvilli which, when
      present, appeared thicker and shorter as compared to controls. We feel that
      histochemical evaluation of pancreatic and bronchial tissue may be of help in the
      pathological confirmation of cystic fibrosis in human fetuses where the results
      of the biochemical studies are suggestive of the disease.

PMID- 3688033
TI  - Genetic counselling in unexpected familial recurrence of achondroplasia.
AB  - Two additional pedigrees with familial recurrence of achondroplasia are
      described. Genetic risk for children of sibs of affected individuals or
      premutation carriers seems to be low, but it is advisable to monitor at risk
      pregnancies by midtrimester ultrasonography to diagnose fetal achondroplasia.

PMID- 3688034
TI  - Parental perceptions of the burden of genetic disease.
AB  - Parents who are carriers of genes that code for genetic disease face a complex
      decision regarding procreation. To investigate how parents perceive the potential
      effects of having a child with congenital defects and how such perceptions
      influence their reproductive decisions, 202 women accepting and 50 women
      rejecting amniocentesis after genetic counseling were followed in a 3-year
      longitudinal study. Using multiple correspondence analysis, we found that
      perceived burdens associated with hypothetical congenital abnormalities leading
      to prolonged illness or early death were considered the most serious, those
      related to physical handicap or facial abnormalities were perceived as least
      serious, while genetic defects causing mental retardation fell between. The
      parents were increasingly likely to accept amniocentesis the more they felt they
      would be unable to cope with the consequences of a genetic disease leading to
      prolonged illness or mental retardation (R = .23). Overall, the women who
      accepted amniocentesis were those who perceived the consequences of congenital
      malformation as most burdensome. The findings suggest that genetic counselors
      should not only explore parents' attitudes about specific congenital
      abnormalities, but also their perceptions of how they would cope with the medical
      and social consequences of the various genetic defects.

PMID- 3688036
TI  - Tibial aplasia-ectrodactyly as variant expression of the Gollop-Wolfgang complex:
      report of a Brazilian family.
AB  - We report on a consanguineous Brazilian couple whose 2 children had tibial
      aplasia-ectrodactyly. Femoral bifurcation was present in one of the affected
      children. The relationship of tibial aplasia-ectrodactyly to the Gollop-Wolfgang
      complex is discussed. Clinical and genetic aspects of the conditions involving
      tibial aplasia and femoral bifurcation are discussed.

PMID- 3688035
TI  - A syndrome of mental retardation, short stature, hemolytic anemia, delayed
      puberty, and abnormal facial appearance: similarities to a report of aldolase A
      deficiency.
AB  - We describe a brother and sister with mental retardation, short stature, delayed
      puberty, spherocytic anemia, and an abnormal facial appearance. The similarities
      to a child with aldolase A deficiency are discussed.

PMID- 3688037
TI  - X chromosome aneuploidy in lymphocyte cultures from women with recurrent
      spontaneous abortions.
AB  - Occasional metaphases with X chromosome aneuploidy can be detected in short-term
      lymphocyte cultures from women with recurrent abortions. The significance of this
      finding is unknown. It has been suggested that it may reflect a genetic tendency
      to nondisjunction that predisposes these women to an increased risk of producing
      aneuploid offspring. We have investigated prospectively the frequency of X
      chromosome aneuploidy in lymphocyte cultures from 104 women with a normal
      chromosome constitution and a history of recurrent pregnancy loss defined as 2 or
      more spontaneous abortions. Seventeen women (16%) had a significant number (2
      10%) of X aneuploid cells in cultured lymphocytes but no evidence of
      constitutional chromosome mosaicism, based on analysis of fibroblast cultures. A
      control group of age-matched fertile women without a history of recurrent
      abortions showed a similar level of X chromosome aneuploidy in lymphocyte
      cultures. No increased risk for production of liveborn children with aneuploidy
      was found on retrospective analysis of the reproductive histories of these women.
      A significant effect of culture conditions on X chromosome gain or loss has been
      demonstrated by comparison of medium 199 with Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium.

PMID- 3688038
TI  - Dietary factors and medullary sponge kidneys as causes of the so-called
      idiopathic renal leak of calcium.
AB  - Out of 89 stone formers with idiopathic hypercalciuria, 51 remained
      hypercalciuric on a low calcium diet over 5 days: a renal leak of calcium could
      thus have been suspected in them. Dietary factors such as high sodium or high
      animal protein intake, and metabolic factors such as obesity with or without
      hyperinsulinemia, which all might account for the hypercalciuria of these
      patients, have been evaluated. This evaluation revealed conditions known to be
      associated with hypercalciuria in 37 of these 51 patients: 15 had hypercalciuria
      related to a high sodium intake, 7 had severe hyperuricosuria (greater than 1
      g/24 h) reflecting a high animal protein intake, 20 were obese (greater than 120%
      of ideal weight) with (7 cases) or without (13 cases) concomitant high fasting
      plasma level of insulin (greater than 18 microU/ml). A careful retrospective
      analysis of the intravenous pyelograms disclosed medullary sponge kidneys in 8
      cases which had remained undiagnosed so far. One of them was studied
      histologically. Only 14 out of 51 patients had an otherwise unexplained
      hypercalciuria on a low calcium diet. It is concluded that dietary causes appear
      to play a key role in 'idiopathic' hypercalciuria, that the incidence of a
      primary renal leak of calcium among idiopathic stone formers is much smaller than
      initially thought, and that this condition can hide unrecognized medullary sponge
      kidneys.

PMID- 3688039
TI  - Plasma volume changes induced by hypertonic hemodiafiltration and standard
      hemodialysis.
AB  - We have previously reported that treatment of uremia by hypertonic
      hemodiafiltration (H-HDF) results in a more stable hemodynamic response as
      compared to standard hemodialysis (HD). The purpose of this study was to
      determine if plasma volume (PV) preservation was a significant factor in this
      response. Nine patients were studied during single treatment sessions of H-HDF
      and HD. Both sessions were 3 h in duration and the ultrafiltration rate and
      volume were matched. 10 microCi of 125I human serum albumin were injected 40 min
      before each session for measurement of PV. Changes in PV during the session were
      determined from the change in plasma albumin concentration and the hematocrit.
      The decrease in PV was significantly less during H-HDF. This was associated with
      a significantly higher plasma sodium and osmolality. The calculated effective
      osmolality during H-HDF was not only higher than in HD, but showed a significant
      increase at 2 and 3 h when compared to the baseline level (p less than 0.05). The
      calculated volume of extravascular mobilization was higher during H-HDF and is
      probably the mechanism of the PV preservation. In conclusion, this study
      demonstrates that PV is preserved during H-HDF better than during HD as a result
      of a more adequate plasma refilling; this appears to be mediated by an increased
      plasma effective osmolality.

PMID- 3688041
TI  - Digoxin-like immunoreactive substance in chronic hemodialysis patients: effect on
      digitoxin radioimmunoassay.
AB  - Digoxin-like immunoreactive substance(s) (DLIS) in the sera of patients with
      renal insufficiency may confound attempts to monitor serum digoxin levels. We
      investigated whether DLIS would affect the radioimmunoassay (RIA) for digitoxin.
      DLIS was detected by RIA in 9 of 38 chronic hemodialysis patients and in none of
      25 healthy controls. Digitoxin levels were not elevated in either the control or
      dialysis group, and false-positive results for digitoxin by RIA were not obtained
      in any patient with DLIS. It is concluded that DLIS does not interfere with the
      digitoxin RIA, nor are digitoxin levels spuriously elevated in chronic
      hemodialysis patients. Digitoxin may be a preferable preparation for digitalis
      dependent dialysis patients with DLIS.

PMID- 3688040
TI  - Implications of hypervitaminosis A on the calcium-phosphate metabolism and on
      blood lipids in hemodialysis.
AB  - Serum levels of vitamin A (VA) were measured in 71 hemodialysis (HD) patients and
      in 30 normal controls. 65 of the 71 patients were taking multivitamin
      preparations (MP) containing VA. The HD patients had significantly greater
      values: 7.81 +/- 2.86 mumol/l (224 +/- 82 micrograms/dl) versus 3.97 +/- 0.97
      mumol/l (114 +/- 28 micrograms/dl; p less than 0.0005); those taking MP with
      large doses of VA showed the highest levels. Patients were divided as having
      normal (group I, n = 21) or elevated (group II, n = 50) serum levels of VA.
      Patients of group II had higher levels of serum calcium (Ca) and lower of serum
      phosphate (P) and PTH than those of group I. Four months after the withdrawal of
      oral VA, the serum levels of VA and Ca fell significantly in group II, while the
      serum P increased. On the contrary, in group I serum levels of VA, Ca and P
      remained unchanged. Serum triglycerides (TG) were significantly higher in group
      II but did not change after the withdrawal of VA. No differences between both
      groups of patients were observed for age, time on HD, residual diuresis, residual
      renal function, serum levels of cholesterol (CL) or anemia. A retrospective study
      of 18 hepatic biopsies of HD patients disclosed hyperplasia of Ito cells (VA
      storaging cells) in 7 of them. These 7 biopsies belonged to patients who had
      taken large amounts of oral VA. Our data indicate that prolonged VA intake in HD
      patients is followed by an increase of serum CA, a decrease of serum P and PTH
      and a hepatic accumulation of VA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3688042
TI  - Quiz of the month: Acid-base imbalance.

PMID- 3688044
TI  - Nitroprusside-induced acute azotemia.
AB  - A patient with congestive heart failure and pneumonia was begun on a
      nitroprusside infusion for cardiac afterload reduction. Urine output declined
      sharply and azotemia ensued despite little change in arterial pressure. Further
      evaluation supported a prerenal mechanism with dramatic recovery related to
      tapering and discontinuation of the nitroprusside. The mechanism of renal
      deterioration is possibly related to a 'steal' syndrome due to preferential
      dilation of vascular beds other than the renal.

PMID- 3688043
TI  - Physicians' non-compliance with patients' refusal of life-sustaining treatment.
AB  - Should patients be treated when they have specifically refused treatment? Three
      competent patients are described with end-stage renal disease who, against the
      advice of their family, friends and care-givers, refused dialysis. Each was
      treated and subsequently they acknowledged their satisfaction with the outcome.
      Guidelines for treating patients when consent is refused are discussed and it is
      suggested that this is permissible in life-saving situations where the patients'
      refusal is idiosyncratic and irrational.

PMID- 3688045
TI  - Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis associated with chronic hepatitis B in
      adults: pathogenetic role of HBsAg.
AB  - Two adult cases of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) associated
      with chronic hepatitis B were reported. Serum HBsAg, HBeAg and anti-HBc were
      positive. Glomerular changes were essentially the same in both patients and
      consistent with MPGN type III. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed diffuse
      granular and lumpy deposits of IgG, IgA, IgM, C1q and C3 along glomerular
      capillary walls and in mesangial areas. Granular deposition of HBsAg was observed
      along capillary walls and in mesangial areas, and the staining patterns were
      similar to those of immunoglobulins and complements in both patients. Glomerular
      deposition of HBeAg, however, was negative in one case, and only slight and
      segmental in the other case. These findings suggest that HBsAg rather than HBeAg
      may play a role in the pathogenesis of MPGN associated with hepatitis B virus
      infection in adults.

PMID- 3688046
TI  - Two cases of acute renal failure of unknown etiology.

PMID- 3688047
TI  - Crusading against cancer pain.

PMID- 3688048
TI  - When hospitals don't listen to nurses' complaints.

PMID- 3688049
TI  - A dialogue with excellence. Early warning.

PMID- 3688050
TI  - Which adolescents breeze through surgery?

PMID- 3688051
TI  - Fine tuning your chest PT.

PMID- 3688052
TI  - Curtains.

PMID- 3688053
TI  - Nurses for the future.

PMID- 3688054
TI  - Adults do get chickenpox.

PMID- 3688055
TI  - Getting the word out on addictions.

PMID- 3688056
TI  - AJN JobFocus. Florida. Sunny-side up.

PMID- 3688058
TI  - Do-it-yourself software.

PMID- 3688057
TI  - When is emergency baptism appropriate?

PMID- 3688059
TI  - The hospital employee as patient.

PMID- 3688060
TI  - Preadmission made easy.

PMID- 3688061
TI  - In search of advocacy.

PMID- 3688062
TI  - Stress in residency: proposals for solution.
AB  - Current problems leading to excessive stress in residency are presented and are
      compared with those of a generation ago. Solutions are proposed that can be
      summarized as follows: (1) commitment by the program director and chairman to
      resolving stress in residency and (2) flexibility by the American Board of
      Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Residency Review Committee. A general
      discussion is presented.

PMID- 3688063
TI  - The pregnant brain dead and the fetus: must we always try to wrest life from
      death?
AB  - This article deals with the ever more timely and often vexing topic of
      maintaining a brain-dead mother as an incubator for her developing offspring. It
      explores the issue by: (1) reviewing the history of the problem and the "state of
      the art" today, (2) examining the moral problem of using brain-dead persons as
      incubators for potential or actual others, (3) searching for moral differences
      between maternal death early or late in pregnancy, and (4) presenting a possible
      resolution in such tragic cases. It concludes that (1) a moral necessity to
      deliver viable infants from brain-dead mothers exists; (2) the farther from
      viability brain death occurs, the more maintaining the mother as an incubator
      resembles experimental therapy with its imperative for careful, informed consent;
      (3) experimental therapy not being morally necessary, its proceeding under these
      tragic circumstances should invoke community support for the next of kin in
      dealing with the immediate and long-term costs; (4) all ethical problems proceed
      in a context to which the moral actors must be sensitive and one that alters the
      conclusions made.

PMID- 3688064
TI  - Decreasing incidence of invasive cervical cancer in young women.
AB  - Although the overall incidence of invasive cervical cancer is decreasing, there
      is concern that the disease might be increasing in younger women. Analysis of
      data from the Cancer Surveillance System, a population-based cancer registry in
      western Washington, shows a decreasing incidence of cervical cancer in women of
      all ages.

PMID- 3688065
TI  - Menstrual and reproductive factors and the risk of myocardial infarction in women
      under fifty-five years of age.
AB  - The relationship between menstrual and reproductive factors and subsequent risk
      of coronary heart disease was investigated in a hospital-based case-control study
      of 202 women with acute myocardial infarction and 374 control subjects admitted
      for a wide spectrum of acute conditions unrelated to any of the established risk
      factors for ischemic heart disease. No consistent association was observed with
      age at menarche or menopausal status, but women with a lifelong irregular
      menstrual cycle pattern were at significantly elevated risk of myocardial
      infarction (relative risk = 1.8, 95% confidence interval = 1.1 to 2.9). No clear
      trend in risk was evident with the number of livebirths, miscarriages, or induced
      abortions. However, women whose first pregnancy or livebirth occurred before age
      20 years showed elevated risks of subsequent myocardial infarction compared with
      nulliparous ones (relative risks = 2.3; 95% confidence interval = 1.1 to 4.9),
      and there was a significant trend of increasing risk with earlier first birth.
      These associations were evident in both younger and middle-age women and were not
      explained by allowance for several identified potential confounding factors.

PMID- 3688066
TI  - The "breakfast tolerance test": screening for gestational diabetes with a
      standardized mixed nutrient meal.
AB  - In a group of 50 presumed normal pregnant women and 20 known gestational diabetic
      women, all in the early third trimester, the function of a standard 50 gm, 1-hour
      screening test for gestational diabetes was compared with that of a plasma
      glucose level determined 1 hour after the ingestion of a standard 600 kcal mixed
      nutrient breakfast (breakfast tolerance test). The mean plus 2 SD for the
      breakfast tolerance test was 120 mg/dl. If this were used as the threshold for a
      screening test, 75% of cases of gestational diabetes would be identified
      (sensitivity), while 94% of normal pregnant women would be excluded
      (specificity). A threshold of 100 mg/dl yields a sensitivity of 96% and a
      specificity of 74%. These results are compared with those for the standard 50 gm
      glucose challenge.

PMID- 3688067
TI  - Decreased elastic fibers and desmosine content in incompetent cervix.
AB  - Incompetence of the uterine cervix is a syndrome of painless, progressive
      dilatation and effacement occurring between the sixteenth and twenty-fourth weeks
      of gestation that represents abnormal functioning. It may serve as a model to
      elucidate normal function. Because the incompetent cervix results in painless
      opening of this organ without uterine contraction before term gestation, it is
      considered one of the causes of midtrimester spontaneous abortion, habitual
      spontaneous abortion, and early preterm labor. Untreated, it leads to rapid
      expulsion and often death of the fetus. We used light microscopy to compare
      decreased elastic fibers in incompetent cervices with those of normal nonpregnant
      and pregnant cervices. Morphologic analysis of this difference was extended to
      biochemical quantification of elastin content in one patient with cervical
      incompetence. The decrease in elastin suggests that one function of cervical
      elastin may be to maintain a closed and undilated cervix throughout gestation.
      There may be a relationship between changes in cross-linked elastin and the
      incompetent cervix; further studies are therefore indicated.

PMID- 3688068
TI  - First-trimester vaginal bleeding and the loss of chromosomally normal and
      abnormal conceptions.
AB  - The frequency of first-trimester vaginal bleeding among 670 women with
      chromosomally normal fetal losses and 219 women with chromosomally abnormal
      losses was compared with that among 3089 women delivered at term. Vaginal
      bleeding early in gestation was predictive of pregnancy outcome in that moderate
      or heavy bleeding was associated with a fourfold risk of the loss of either
      chromosomally normal or abnormal conceptions. Spotting or slight bleeding was
      associated with a 2.7-fold risk of the loss of a chromosomally normal conception
      but was not associated with the loss of chromosomally abnormal conceptions when
      all abnormalities were categorized together.

PMID- 3688069
TI  - Hereditary protein C deficiency during pregnancy.
AB  - Hereditary protein C, a primary hypercoagulable state, has not been previously
      associated with preeclamptic toxemia. A woman with previous preeclamptic toxemia
      and fetal deaths presented with recurrent deep vein thrombosis during her third
      pregnancy. Hereditary protein C was diagnosed but full heparinization followed by
      low-dose heparin failed to prevent preeclamptic toxemia.

PMID- 3688070
TI  - A prospective randomized study of the aggressive management of early labor.
AB  - The aggressive management of early labor has been suggested as a means to lower
      the cesarean section rate for dystocia. The aim of our study was to prospectively
      evaluate a protocol of early intervention in primigravid women with infrequent
      uterine contractions during early labor in relation to the course of labor, the
      cesarean section rate, and the perinatal morbidity. In our population the active
      management of labor did not alter the mode of delivery or the perinatal outcome.
      Furthermore, the course and duration of labor were not significantly different
      between the management and control groups.

PMID- 3688071
TI  - Breast stimulation test and oxytocin challenge test in fetal surveillance: a
      prospective randomized study.
AB  - Fifty healthy gravidas with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies at a gestational
      age of 35 to 42 weeks were assigned at random for the performance of either a
      breast stimulation test or an oxytocin challenge test after a nonreactive
      nonstress test. A satisfactory contraction stress test was achieved in 21 of 25
      women in the breast stimulation test group and in 24 of 25 women in the oxytocin
      challenge test group (nonsignificant difference). Significant differences were
      found in the cumulative rate of achieved contraction stress tests: in the breast
      stimulation test group 17 of 21 after 20 minutes and 21 of 21 at 50 minutes
      whereas in the oxytocin challenge test group only four of 24 at 20 minutes, eight
      of 24 at 50 minutes, and 21 of 24 at 150 minutes. The mean duration for the
      achievement of a contraction stress test was 20.9 +/- 11.5 minutes for the breast
      stimulation test group and 81.3 +/- 48.4 minutes in the oxytocin challenge test
      group. Uterine hyperstimulation occurred once in each group. No gravida went into
      labor within 24 hours. Breast stimulation test is a satisfactory alternative to
      the oxytocin challenge test, is less time-consuming, and is simpler to perform.

PMID- 3688072
TI  - Intrapartum use of fetal scalp hematocrit in the diagnosis of profound fetal
      anemia caused by fetomaternal hemorrhage.
AB  - A case of massive fetomaternal hemorrhage that caused profound fetal anemia is
      presented. Timely intrapartum assessment of fetal hematocrit of 15% by means of
      scalp sampling aided in the delivery of a newborn infant with hemoglobin of 3
      gm/dl and hematocrit of 10%.

PMID- 3688073
TI  - A thirty-year review of maternal mortality in Oklahoma, 1950 through 1979.
AB  - Oklahoma's Maternal Mortality Committee has been active since 1941. During the 30
      year period 1950 through 1979, the committee reviewed in detail 75.9% of the
      pregnancy-related deaths that occurred in Oklahoma. The maternal mortality ratio
      in 1950 was 95.1/100,000 live births, and for 1979 it was 8.1/100,000 live
      births, a decrease of 91.5%. The risk of death from childbearing remained greater
      for black women than for American Indian or white women throughout the three
      decades. For American Indian women, the risk of death associated with pregnancy
      has decreased and is almost equal to the risk for white women. The Maternal
      Mortality Committee estimated that two thirds of Oklahoma's maternal deaths were
      preventable. The proportion of deaths judged preventable did not vary
      substantially during the study period. We conclude that maternal mortality in
      Oklahoma can be reduced to fewer than three deaths per 100,000 live births.
      Intensive monitoring and investigation of deaths and their causes by local
      maternal mortality committees continues to be an important mechanism for
      obtaining information to assist health workers in the prevention of deaths.

PMID- 3688075
TI  - Effects of aerobic and strength conditioning on pregnancy outcomes.
AB  - This study evaluated the effects of a physical conditioning program on pregnancy
      outcomes and the subjective pregnancy experience. Pregnancy outcomes included
      length of labor, mode of delivery, length of hospitalization, and gestational
      age, birth weight, and Apgar scores of newborn infants. Subjective data included
      level of tension, general physical comfort, and self-image. The 845 subjects in
      the study were divided into a control group (n = 393) and into groups of low,
      medium, and high levels of exercise (n = 82, 309, and 61, respectively). Exercise
      sessions consisted of treadmill or bicycle warm-up, individually prescribed
      exercises on weight-lifting equipment for arms, legs, abdomen, and back, and 1-
      to 2-mile workout on bicycle ergometer. Pregnancy outcomes were more favorable in
      the exercise groups, particularly the high-exercise group. Significant data
      included length of hospitalization, incidence of cesarean section, and Apgar
      scores. All patients reported positive subjective responses to the conditioning
      program.

PMID- 3688074
TI  - Anorexia nervosa, bulimia, and pregnancy.
AB  - Of 74 women previously treated for anorexia nervosa or bulimia, 15 had conceived
      23 pregnancies when assessed at follow-up. The status of the eating disorder,
      course of pregnancy and delivery, infant health, and postpartum adjustment are
      described. Women in whom eating disorders were in remission at conception had
      greater maternal weight gain and babies with higher birth weights and 5-minute
      Apgar scores than women who conceived while they still had symptoms of
      restricting anorexia nervosa or bulimia. Women who had symptoms of eating
      disorders at conception also had continuance or worsening of these symptoms
      during pregnancy and the postpartum year. We recommend delay of pregnancy until
      the eating disorder is truly in remission.

PMID- 3688076
TI  - Evaluation of a perinatal grief support team.
AB  - An analysis of the effects of intervention from a perinatal grief support team
      was begun in 1982. Seventy-eight women experiencing stillbirth or early perinatal
      death were randomly assigned to either the grief support team's protocol of care
      or to the control group who received routine hospital care. Assessment was
      carried out on 34 participants, 16 from the control group and 18 from the
      treatment, 6 months after delivery. A three-part self-administered, self-rating
      grief index questionnaire was used. There was no statistical difference on
      overall grief scores between the two matched groups. The treatment group reported
      significantly lower scores than the control group on the two grief subscales of
      anger-hostility and physical symptoms. Women who reported more life changes
      before the perinatal death tended to have fewer problems with the symptomatology
      of grief. Social support was an important variable in explaining grief
      symptomatology. Women reporting low levels of social support who were in the
      treatment group had significantly lower mean scores on the grief subscales of
      anger-hostility, somatic experience, physical symptoms, and problems with vigor.

PMID- 3688077
TI  - The morphologic effect of short-term medical therapy of endometriosis.
AB  - A clinicopathologic study of a short-term medical treatment of endometriosis with
      danazol or gestrinone was performed in 50 patients with endometriosis and
      infertility. The cellular response to the therapy was evaluated and graded
      according to morphologic, that is, histologic and ultrastructural, criteria. A 2
      month therapy with 1.25 mg of gestrinone daily induced a degree of cellular
      inactivation and degeneration of the endometriotic implants that was more
      pronounced than after 4 months of therapy with either gestrinone (2.5 mg twice or
      thrice weekly) or danazol (600 mg daily). There was no correlation between the
      morphologic response to treatment and either the hormonal response of the foci
      during the menstrual cycle before therapy or the change in laparoscopic staging
      of endometriosis at the end of therapy. It is suggested that a short-term medical
      treatment should be further evaluated clinically in the treatment of
      endometriosis and infertility.

PMID- 3688078
TI  - Cord sampling for the evaluation of oxygenation and acid-base balance in growth
      retarded human fetuses.
AB  - In 14 pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth retardation, the umbilical
      cord was sampled before delivery under ultrasonic guidance for rapid fetal
      karyotyping. Fetal blood was analyzed for respiratory gases, acid-base balance,
      and lactate concentrations. Two patients were excluded from the study because
      cord samples were diluted with amniotic fluid. In six patients (group 1), the
      clinical assessment warranted continuation of pregnancy. Cesarean sections were
      performed in the remaining eight patients (group 2) within 8 hours of cord
      sampling. The data from the two groups were compared with those obtained from
      umbilical venous blood at the time of elective repeat cesarean section in term
      appropriate for gestational age infants (controls). No significant difference in
      PO2 was found between groups 1 and 2 and controls. In contrast, there were
      significant differences in oxygen saturation and acid-base balance between groups
      1 and 2. Lactate concentration was inversely correlated with pH and was elevated
      in five of six fetuses requiring a prompt cesarean section: In two of these five
      fetuses, nonstress fetal heart rate tracings were reactive. The results suggest
      that fetal blood biochemistry, and particularly lactate concentration, may
      represent an additional indicator of fetal well-being in pregnancies complicated
      by intrauterine growth retardation.

PMID- 3688079
TI  - The length of the human umbilical cord in twin pregnancies.
AB  - A current hypothesis on the linear growth of the umbilical cord states that cord
      length is a function of fetal intrauterine motor activity. If there is some type
      of intrauterine constraint, the tensile forces on the cord will be diminished,
      and cord length at term will be shorter than if no such constraint is present.
      One would expect that the voluntary movements of twins would develop under a
      constraint and that they would have less free space to move compared with single
      fetuses. If this hypothesis is valid, cord lengths of twins at term would be
      shorter than those of single pregnancy infants. We measured the cord lengths of
      118 infants in 59 twin births and compared them with cord lengths in 9601 single
      pregnancies. We found that on the average, the umbilical cord length of the twins
      was 7.90 cm shorter than that of single pregnancy infants.

PMID- 3688080
TI  - Caffeine-cigarette interaction on fetal growth.
AB  - The influence of caffeine and cigarette consumption on fetal growth during
      pregnancy was studied retrospectively in 913 newborn infants. Analysis of
      variance was adjusted for length of gestation and sex. A significant caffeine
      cigarette interaction was found on birth weight (F = 85.4, p less than 0.01).
      Among women smoking 15 cigarettes or more per day, birth weight was 206 gm (+/-
      57.7 gm) lighter for babies whose mothers consumed 300 mg or more of caffeine per
      day. Head circumference and length of the newborns were affected only by
      cigarette smoking. Another caffeine-cigarette interaction was observed on
      placental weight (F = 15.0, p less than 0.01). Among women who consumed less than
      300 mg of caffeine daily, placental weight increased with cigarette consumption.
      However, it diminished (p less than 0.05) among women smoking 15 cigarettes or
      more per day if they consumed 300 mg or more of caffeine daily. This is the first
      time that such interactions were found to influence birth and placental weights,
      indicating that the concomitant consumption of caffeine and cigarette constitutes
      a higher risk for the developing fetus.

PMID- 3688081
TI  - The effect of smoking on placental and fetal zinc status.
AB  - Previous studies have reported a cadmium/zinc interaction in cadmium-exposed
      pregnant animals that results in (1) increased placental cadmium levels, (2)
      increased placental zinc levels, and (3) decreased placental zinc transport. This
      study was carried out to determine whether zinc status would be affected in
      pregnant women exposed to cadmium through cigarette smoke. Atomic absorption
      spectroscopy was used to determine the levels of cadmium and zinc; 65 pregnant
      women who smoke and 84 who do not smoke were studied. Our data reveal that
      increased cadmium levels in pregnant women as the result of smoking increase
      placental zinc levels and decrease cord red blood cell zinc levels. Significantly
      higher levels of both cadmium and zinc were found in the placentas of pregnant
      women who smoke; moreover, stepwise multiple regression showed that maternal
      whole blood cadmium levels predicted placental zinc levels. In regard to cord
      blood, a significant 9% decrease in the red blood cell zinc level was observed in
      infants of mothers who smoke and this decrease was correlated with smoking
      activity, as evaluated by measuring plasma levels of thiocyanate. Also cord red
      blood cell zinc levels were found to correlate with placental zinc levels in
      nonsmokers but not in smokers. Overall, our data show that a cadmium/zinc
      interaction does take place in the maternal-fetal-placental unit of pregnant
      women who smoke and results in less favorable zinc status in the infants.

PMID- 3688082
TI  - The relationship between cadmium, zinc, and birth weight in pregnant women who
      smoke.
AB  - It is universally accepted that smoking during pregnancy results in decreased
      infant birth weight. However, the mechanism for decreased birth weight is not
      completely understood. This study tested the hypothesis that the cadmium/zinc
      interaction in the maternal-fetal-placental unit of the mother who smokes could
      be related to birth weight. Thiocyanate was used as the index of smoking status
      and atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to determine trace elements. Results
      show that cord vein red blood cell zinc and maternal whole blood cadmium levels
      are significant predictors of infant birth weight when variance that is due to
      clinical factors and thiocyanate is controlled with stepwise multiple regression
      techniques (n = 202). Bivariate correlation techniques showed that the factors
      affecting birth weight were different in the smoking and nonsmoking groups. For
      example, in nonsmokers (n = 125), the cord vein red blood cell zinc level was
      positively related to birth weight. In smokers (n = 77), maternal whole blood
      cadmium, placental cadmium, and placental zinc levels were negatively related to
      birth weight; the ratio of placental zinc to placental cadmium and the cord vein
      red blood cell zinc level were positively related to birth weight. The results
      suggest that increased maternal cadmium and decreased cord vein red blood cell
      zinc levels in infants of smokers may be significant clinically since increased
      maternal whole blood cadmium and decreased cord vein red blood cell zinc levels
      are both significantly related to decreased birth weight.

PMID- 3688083
TI  - Antenatal diagnosis and management of monoamniotic twins.
AB  - Double survival of monoamniotic twins is rare. Three consecutive cases in which
      double survival occurred are presented. Accurate antenatal diagnosis, intensive
      fetal surveillance, and operative delivery should improve neonatal outcome.

PMID- 3688084
TI  - Blood pressure in the midtrimester and future eclampsia.
AB  - The purpose of this report was to investigate the potential usefulness of average
      mean arterial pressure, maximal mean arterial pressure, and maximal diastolic
      pressure during the second trimester in predicting the development of eclampsia
      in 207 nulliparas and 20 multiparas with eclampsia. In the nulliparas, both the
      mean arterial pressure and the maximal mean arterial pressure during the second
      trimester were greater than or equal to 90 mm Hg in 22% and 34% of the patients,
      respectively. For the multiparas, the percentages with greater than or equal to
      90 mm Hg were 30% and 35%, respectively. Only 8.7% of nulliparas with eclampsia
      had a maximal diastolic pressure during the second trimester greater than or
      equal to 80 mm Hg and no patient had a diastolic pressure of greater than or
      equal to 90 mm Hg. A review of the literature suggests that the mean arterial
      pressure observed during the second trimester has poor predictive value for
      future development of preeclampsia-eclampsia. We conclude that there is no
      correlation between second-trimester blood pressure recordings and subsequent
      eclampsia.

PMID- 3688085
TI  - Hypoxia-induced fetoplacental vasoconstriction in perfused human placental
      cotyledons.
AB  - Effects of maternal hypoxia on fetoplacental vascular resistance in the human
      placenta were investigated in an in vitro model in which single anatomic subunits
      (cotyledons) from term placentas were perfused at constant flow through both
      fetal and maternal circuits by means of a physiologic salt solution containing
      dextran. Acute reduction of oxygen tension in the maternal perfusate induced
      prompt fetoplacental vasoconstriction that recovered rapidly on restoration of
      oxygen to the perfusate. The response, hypoxic fetoplacental vasoconstriction,
      could be repeatedly demonstrated in the same cotyledon. The time course of
      hypoxic fetoplacental vasoconstriction was inversely related to oxygen tension of
      maternal arterial and maternal and fetal venous perfusates. Maternal and fetal
      venous perfusate pH and PCO2 did not change during the response. It is concluded
      that hypoxic fetoplacental vasoconstriction is triggered by decreased oxygen
      availability. It is suggested that hypoxic fetoplacental vasoconstriction may
      play a role in local regulation of human fetoplacental blood flow in vivo and may
      contribute to poor fetal prognosis in preeclampsia.

PMID- 3688086
TI  - Haptoglobin helps diagnose the HELLP syndrome.
AB  - In a case of the HELLP syndrome, anemia was absent, and bilirubin and lactic
      dehydrogenase levels were normal. In combination with minimal microangiopathic
      changes in red cell morphology, a decrease in serum haptoglobin was useful to
      corroborate the presence of intravascular hemolysis.

PMID- 3688087
TI  - Insufficient transplacental digoxin transfer in severe hydrops fetalis.
AB  - A case of severe nonimmune hydrops fetalis caused by supraventricular tachycardia
      is presented. Maternal treatment with digoxin and the subsequent addition of
      verapamil and propranolol failed to be effective. Simultaneous measurement of
      maternal serum and cord blood digoxin levels showed insufficient transplacental
      digoxin transfer. Other modalities of treatment are discussed.

PMID- 3688088
TI  - The endocrinologic evaluation of a 45,X true hermaphrodite.
AB  - A 13-year-old 45,X girl presented with spontaneous menses and the acute onset of
      progressive hirsutism. Complete endocrinologic evaluation of hirsutism was
      unremarkable. An exploratory laparotomy revealed a gonad containing ovarian and
      testicular tissue. Chromosome analysis from four different tissues confirmed the
      karyotype to be 45,X. She was H-Y antigen positive.

PMID- 3688089
TI  - Hyperimmunoglobulinemia E and pregnancy: a case report.
AB  - Hyperimmunoglobulinemia E is characterized by recurrent bacterial sinopulmonary
      and skin infections from birth or early childhood, with IgE levels at least 10
      times greater than the upper limits of normal. The following case describes a
      young black woman with hyperimmunoglobulinemia E syndrome who had an uneventful
      pregnancy and delivery. The infant has been diagnosed as suffering from
      hyperimmunoglobulinemia E syndrome as well.

PMID- 3688091
TI  - Breast galactography in the treatment of infected cysts.
AB  - Galactography is a valuable procedure to localize the cause of nipple duct
      secretions or hemorrhage. A unique variant is illustrated by cannulating a
      periareolar sinus tract, which drains from an infected epidermoid cyst
      communicating with several ducts.

PMID- 3688090
TI  - 2-Chloroprocaine for local perineal infiltration.
AB  - Lidocaine was recently found to rapidly cross the placenta and result in
      considerable fetal exposure after local infiltration of the perineum for
      episiotomy. For this reason, a more appropriate agent for local perineal
      infiltration might be a drug with rapid metabolism and inactive metabolites. 2
      Chloroprocaine, an ester-linked local anesthetic agent, is available but is not
      commonly used for this procedure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the
      placental transfer of 2-chloroprocaine after local perineal infiltration. The
      drug was administered to 17 normal term pregnant women for episiotomy. After
      local perineal infiltration, the levels of 2-chloroprocaine and/or its
      metabolite, chloroaminobenzoic acid, were quantitated in maternal and neonatal
      plasma or urine. The pharmacologic data indicated that 2-chloroprocaine was
      nondetectable at delivery in maternal and umbilical cord vein; one patient had
      trace levels in the cord. Chloroprocaine was not detectable in neonatal plasma,
      but chloroaminobenzoic acid was detectable in both maternal and cord vein plasma.
      Mean levels of chloroaminobenzoic acid in maternal plasma at delivery were 1.04
      +/- 0.32 micrograms/ml, and mean levels in cord vein were 0.35 +/- 0.54
      micrograms/ml. Clinically, 2-chloroprocaine provided good analgesia. These
      results indicate that very little, if any pharmacologically active drug, reaches
      the fetus after local perineal infiltration with 2-chloroprocaine. Therefore 2
      chloroprocaine appears to be preferable to lidocaine when used for local perineal
      infiltration.

PMID- 3688092
TI  - Effects of the antiprogesterone RU 486 on preterm birth in the rat.
AB  - The effects of the antiprogesterone compound RU 486 on preterm delivery,
      myometrial gap junctions, and plasma levels of steroid hormones were investigated
      in pregnant rats. Injection of RU 486 on day 16 of gestation resulted in
      prolonged delivery beginning after 24 hours. The preterm birth initiated by RU
      486 was preceded and accompanied by the extensive development of gap junctions
      between myometrial cells. R 5020, but neither progesterone nor dexamethasone,
      prevented preterm birth and the development of gap junctions. Estrogen and
      progesterone levels declined after RU 486 treatment but only after a major
      proportion of the fetuses were delivered. This study indicates that progesterone
      may normally inhibit uterine contractility by suppressing the genome responsible
      for the expression of gap junctions.

PMID- 3688093
TI  - Drug accumulation in lung fluid of the fetal lamb after maternal or fetal
      administration.
AB  - The pharmacokinetic characteristics of the antiemetic drug metoclopramide and the
      antihistamine diphenhydramine have been determined in a chronically catheterized
      pregnant sheep preparation. Metoclopramide and diphenhydramine were administered
      by separate maternal and fetal intravenous infusions to a steady state as well as
      by maternal intravenous bolus dosing. Drug concentrations in the maternal and
      fetal plasma and the amniotic and tracheal fluids were measured by means of
      capillary gas-liquid chromatographic assay techniques. Both metoclopramide and
      diphenhydramine were excreted into tracheal fluid in substantial quantities.
      Tracheal metoclopramide concentrations were found to exceed fetal plasma levels
      by about fifteen-fold while diphenhydramine attained maximal excretion in
      tracheal fluid of about five times that seen in fetal plasma. Drug levels were
      observed to accumulate slowly in amniotic fluid and eventually to exceed tracheal
      concentrations. The markedly elevated concentrations of these drugs in fetal lung
      fluid suggests that the fetal lung may be an important route of drug
      distribution, elimination, and excretion.

PMID- 3688094
TI  - Amniotic fluid trypsin and premature rupture of membranes.

PMID- 3688095
TI  - Possible vascular disruptive origin of hemifacial microsomia?

PMID- 3688096
TI  - Placental bed biopsy technique and vascular lesions.

PMID- 3688097
TI  - Laser excisional conization and laser vaporization for cervical intraepithelial
      neoplasia.

PMID- 3688098
TI  - Diffuse visual field loss in chronic open-angle and low-tension glaucoma.
AB  - We examined 37 eyes of 37 patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma and 24 eyes
      of 24 patients with low-tension glaucoma. All patients had a scotoma confined to
      the upper or lower hemifield. Eyes with open-angle glaucoma showed twice as much
      loss of sensitivity in the spared hemifield as compared to eyes with low-tension
      glaucoma. These differences were statistically significant.

PMID- 3688099
TI  - Reproducibility of topographic measurements with the optic nerve head analyzer.
AB  - We evaluated the reproducibility of optic nerve head contour mapping by the Optic
      Nerve Head Analyzer with ten recordings and analyses of one eye each in ten
      normal volunteers and ten analyses of a single recording in three of the eyes.
      Reproducibility was good for cup-to-disk ratio and neural rim area.
      Reproducibility was poor for cup volume, which was inversely related to cup size.
      Instrument and operator error were low for cup-to-disk ratio and neural rim area,
      but high for cup volume. Subjective comparisons of contour lines from five
      recordings of six eyes implied good reproducibility of this measurement.

PMID- 3688100
TI  - Bilateral effects of long-term monocular timolol therapy.
AB  - We studied the bilateral intraocular pressure lowering effect of long-term
      unilateral timolol maleate 0.5% in 30 patients in whom early primary open-angle
      glaucoma had recently been diagnosed. A significant intraocular pressure
      reduction was found in the untreated fellow eyes (21.9 mm Hg from 26.4 mm Hg at
      baseline) (P less than .001), as well as in the treated eyes (21.0 mm Hg from
      28.5 mm Hg at baseline) (P less than .001). Fourteen patients (47%) showed a
      significant bilateral intraocular pressure reduction (P less than .001), with
      little difference between the treated (8.2 mm Hg) and the untreated eyes (7.7 mm
      Hg) (P greater than .8).

PMID- 3688101
TI  - Syphilitic episcleritis and scleritis.
AB  - We screened patients with episcleritis or scleritis to detect syphilis by using
      either fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption testing or
      microhemagglutination assay for antibodies to Treponema pallidum. Four patients,
      two with nodular episcleritis and two with scleritis, had ocular involvement as
      the initial manifestation of late syphilis. Topical or oral corticosteroid
      therapy provided minimal initial clinical benefit, but ocular inflammation
      resolved within one to three weeks after administration of systemic penicillin.

PMID- 3688103
TI  - Incidence of granulomatous lesions in postmortem conjunctival biopsy specimens.
AB  - We examined 58 postmortem conjunctival biopsy specimens from 30 patients without
      sarcoidosis. The specimens were excised randomly from the lower fornices.
      Histopathologic examination showed chronic inflammation, epithelial hyperplasia,
      subepithelial foreign bodies, inclusion cysts, and ectopic lacrimal glands.
      Although aggregates of foreign body giant cells were observed in three specimens
      (5.2%), no distinct, noncaseating granuloma formation was seen.

PMID- 3688102
TI  - Spatial and temporal sequence of corneal crystal deposition in nephropathic
      cystinosis.
AB  - We studied 15 patients with infantile nephropathic cystinosis. We found that
      anterior corneal cystine crystal deposition began early in life and proceeded
      posteriorly as the patient aged; deposition advanced more rapidly in the
      periphery. Ultrastructural analysis of a corneal button obtained from a 20-year
      old patient undergoing corneal transplantation confirmed our clinical
      observations that crystals were deposited throughout the entire central stroma.

PMID- 3688104
TI  - Long-term results of vitrectomy and silicone oil in 500 cases of complicated
      retinal detachments.
AB  - We retrospectively analyzed by life table analysis the visual and functional
      results in 500 eyes that underwent combined vitrectomy and silicone oil for
      various types of complicated retinal detachments. The cumulative proportion of
      eyes with attached retina was 77% at six months postoperatively, with a range of
      71% for perforating injuries to 85% for posterior holes. The proportion of eyes
      with a visual acuity of 5/200 or better was 69% at six months, with a range of
      56% for perforating injuries to 81% for posterior holes. Sixty-nine eyes had poor
      visual function despite an attached retina, primarily because of cataract (18
      eyes) and preexisting retinal or optic disease (31 eyes). Visual function in eyes
      with clear optical media and an attached retina was stable over time, except in
      patients with diabetes. No clinical evidence of retinal toxicity to silicone oil
      was noted.

PMID- 3688105
TI  - The treatment of advanced choroidal melanoma with massive orbital extension.
AB  - Four patients, each with a history of choroidal melanoma for more than ten years,
      became increasingly proptotic secondary to massive extraocular extension of their
      tumors. Because no metastases were detected during thorough systemic
      examinations, two patients underwent orbital exenteration. These patients
      suffered fulminant local orbital regrowth of their tumors at three and six months
      after surgery and died of distant metastases within ten months of exenteration. A
      third patient, who underwent a biopsy of the orbital mass via a lateral
      orbitotomy and received postoperative radiotherapy, died two years afterward. A
      fourth patient who refused any surgical treatment was followed up for five years
      after massive orbital disease developed. She died of disseminated disease. The
      patients who survived the longest had minimal or no surgery.

PMID- 3688106
TI  - Optic nerve dysfunction in familial dysautonomia.
AB  - We examined 12 patients with familial dysautonomia who had clear corneas to
      determine if there was any optic nerve involvement. The patients ranged in age
      from 6 to 34 years. Visual acuity ranged from 20/20 to 20/100. Nineteen eyes of
      12 patients (79%) had abnormal (mean +/- 3 S.D.) pattern reversal visual-evoked
      potentials as compared to 50 control eyes (P100 = 98.8 msec; S.D., +/- 4.5 msec).
      P100 latency appeared to worsen with age. Exodeviation was present in seven
      patients (58%) and correlated with visual acuity and P100 latency.
      Ophthalmoscopic examination showed some degree of optic nerve pallor in all eyes.

PMID- 3688107
TI  - Can the risk of acetazolamide-induced aplastic anemia be decreased by periodic
      monitoring of blood cell counts?

PMID- 3688108
TI  - Sulfur hexafluoride gas in the repair of intractable Descemet's membrane
      detachment.

PMID- 3688109
TI  - Malignant melanoma of the choroid associated with melanosis oculi in a child.

PMID- 3688111
TI  - Conjunctival forceps for glaucoma filtering surgery.

PMID- 3688110
TI  - Fluctuating visual loss secondary to orbital emphysema.

PMID- 3688112
TI  - Anterior capsulotomy through a small pupil.

PMID- 3688113
TI  - Effect of scleral buckling on vector forces caused by epiretinal membranes.

PMID- 3688114
TI  - Hibiclens keratitis.

PMID- 3688115
TI  - The contrast sensitivity function and childhood amblyopia.

PMID- 3688116
TI  - Definition of occupation as the core concept of occupational therapy.

PMID- 3688117
TI  - Classroom as clinic: a model for teaching clinical reasoning in occupational
      therapy education.
AB  - One way to help students transfer their academic skills of data gathering and
      analysis to clinical settings is to teach them the clinical reasoning process
      outlined by Joan Rogers. This paper describes a format for teaching that process
      through the use of carefully structured in-class evaluations of physically
      disabled guest speakers who role-model as clients. Pre- and posttesting of the
      performance of 78 students during these in-class evaluation sessions showed a
      significant improvement over a semester in students' abilities to accurately
      analyze preassessment data and to formulate appropriate treatment plans.
      Qualitative outcomes are also discussed.

PMID- 3688118
TI  - Evaluating the visual-perceptual skills of children with cerebral palsy.
AB  - The Test of Visual-Perceptual Skills (TVPS) was used to determine if children
      with cerebral palsy demonstrated problems in visual perception on a motor-free
      visual perception test. Twenty-four children with cerebral palsy and 24 normal
      children, all of normal intelligence, were given the TVPS. Results showed that
      children with cerebral palsy attained significantly lower mean perceptual
      quotients than did the normal children. The TVPS appears to be a useful tool for
      the occupational therapist in evaluating visual perception in children with
      cerebral palsy.

PMID- 3688119
TI  - Continuing education for health professionals.
AB  - Although continuing education in the health professions is an important endeavor,
      it has been largely neglected in the professional literature. Few studies have
      been done on (a) conceptual models to guide the design and implementation of
      continuing education and (b) the use of such models in continuing education. To
      fill this gap, two such models are described in this article: (a) instructional
      development and (b) community development. Combining and using these models can
      lead to more effective continuing education with more enduring effects.
      Principles to guide the implementation of these models are presented. An
      arthritis continuing education project based on the instructional and community
      development models is used to illustrate these principles. This continuing
      education project focused on occupational and physical therapists in clinical
      practice.

PMID- 3688120
TI  - The possible effects of a change to master's entry level in occupational therapy.
AB  - One of the most challenging debates facing the profession of occupational therapy
      centers on whether or not the standard for entry level into the field should be
      upgraded. The occupational therapy baccalaureate degree has been viewed as too
      limited in scope and professional training, and the master's degree has been
      forwarded as the standard for entry into the profession. However, upgrading the
      entry level standard raises several questions. This study considered 25 areas
      that would be affected by upgrading the entry level from the baccalaureate to the
      master's level in occupational therapy and in related health professions. A model
      was developed to provide a framework for analyzing how a change in entry level
      will affect the current status of occupational therapy as a profession. Although
      the parallel material is drawn from other health professions, the considerations
      are similar to the ones faced by occupational therapy. This comparison is
      especially important because a major change in entry level education has far
      reaching repercussions that must be considered before any groundwork is laid for
      upgrading educational requirements.

PMID- 3688122
TI  - Maude: a case of sensory deprivation.

PMID- 3688121
TI  - A seat for premature infants.
AB  - Premature infants may benefit from short periods of supported sitting for
      position change, to facilitate the development of head control, to help with
      feeding and respiration, and to decrease intracranial pressure. This paper
      describes a seat designed for premature infants weighing 900 g to 2,000 g and
      made from thermoplastic material. The seats have been used with 30 infants with
      varying medical conditions.

PMID- 3688123
TI  - Research: its relationship to public policy.

PMID- 3688124
TI  - Successful proposal writing.
AB  - Skillful proposal writing is an art of persuasive communication that can be an
      asset for therapists who must cope with recent cuts in government and private
      support. This article provides an overview of funding agencies, the basic
      principles of proposal writing, and the components of a proposal. Even rejection
      of a proposal can be educational and can contribute to eventual mastery.

PMID- 3688125
TI  - Affective responses to keeping and not keeping an activity product.
AB  - This study examined whether keeping or not keeping the products of a craft
      activity influences affective meaning and mood. Four groups of undergraduate (n =
      23) and graduate (n = 20) students created block-printed stationery. Two groups
      were allowed to keep their stationery, and two groups were not. The measure of
      mood changes was the Bipolar Profile of Mood States, which subjects completed
      before and after the activity. After the activity, subjects also completed the
      Osgood 12-scale short-form semantic differential, which measured the affective
      meanings of the activity. Data analysis revealed significant differences between
      conditions on two out of nine variables. The subjects who could not keep their
      products became significantly more hostile and significantly more energetic than
      the subjects who kept their stationery. Implications for occupational therapy
      theory and further research possibilities are discussed.

PMID- 3688126
TI  - The recruitment of occupational therapy students: a national survey.
AB  - This national survey was designed to study selected characteristics of entry
      level occupational therapy students and to compare recruitment variables in
      technical and professional students. The survey encompassed 116 programs with
      1,843 students responding. Major findings include the following: the median age
      of professional students was 1 to 2 years older than that of technical students;
      the technical students had the larger percentage of older students; professional
      level students chose occupational therapy at an earlier age than did technical
      students; the majority of minority students were enrolled in technical programs;
      and students' initial exposure to occupational therapy differed between the
      technical and professional students: Technical students reported that their
      earliest contacts with the profession most often came from family friends,
      college and junior college contacts, high school counselors, and occupational
      therapy students, in that order. Professional level students reported that their
      most common initial contact came from occupational therapy students, family
      friends, parents, a volunteer or employment experience in the field, or health
      personnel in the field, in that order. Survey data form the basis for a
      discussion of potential expansion of recruitment strategies.

PMID- 3688127
TI  - Developing an occupational therapy curriculum at a small college.
AB  - Small colleges and universities are increasingly turning to new program
      development to increase enrollments, stem decline, and ensure survival.
      Occupational therapy is an increasingly popular curriculum among small college
      and university administrators in view of its potential for attracting students,
      enhancing the organization's profile and mission, and generating revenue. This
      study examined the development of the occupational therapy curriculum at College
      Misericordia, Dallas, Pennsylvania, from 1981 to 1984. Interviews and pertinent
      documents, such as financial records, curricular materials, and enrollment
      statistics, were analyzed. The results demonstrate that the occupational therapy
      curriculum was instrumental in increasing enrollments and generating revenues at
      this small college. It can be concluded that curriculum development in
      occupational therapy can have a positive effect on an organization's ability to
      remain viable in an increasingly competitive market.

PMID- 3688128
TI  - Audiotape instruction of face-washing skills for an adult with mental
      retardation.

PMID- 3688129
TI  - Colleges and universities should not be responsible for level II fieldwork
      education.
AB  - The scheduling and managing of Level II fieldwork education which is required for
      the certification of the occupational therapy assistant and occupational
      therapist are time-consuming, financial burdens to the colleges and universities,
      the training facilities, and the student. A more efficient procedure with
      advantages for all parties concerned is suggested. Level II fieldwork education
      should be a postgraduate experience arranged outside of the jurisdiction of the
      degree-granting educational institution.

PMID- 3688130
TI  - Caution advised in using predictors for at-risk workers.

PMID- 3688131
TI  - The Occupational Therapy Library: past, present, and future.

PMID- 3688132
TI  - Research: its importance to clinical practice in occupational therapy.

PMID- 3688133
TI  - Wheelchair accessibility of public buildings in Utica, New York.
AB  - This survey reviewed 13 public buildings for accessibility to wheelchair-bound
      consumers in Utica, New York. Buildings were both private and government
      supported. The scale used was based on the 1971 specifications of the American
      National Standards Institute. Buildings surveyed represented those built before
      and after enactment of the Architectural Barriers Act of 1968 and were subject to
      various regulations or no regulations concerning accessibility. Results revealed
      a trend of improved accessibility in both privately and publicly supported
      facilities, with the most accessible buildings having been built since 1980. No
      facility was found to be 100% in compliance with standards.

PMID- 3688134
TI  - Cluster homes: a community for profoundly and severely retarded persons.
AB  - This article discusses community residences that in 1983 replaced two large
      institutional facilities for retarded persons in Florida. Twenty-six of these
      residences, or clusters, usually housing 24 clients each, are located throughout
      the state. The clusters are designed to normalize the living conditions of the
      mentally retarded, increase their safety, and place them close to society and
      their families. Medical and social services, including occupational therapy, are
      made available to all residents of the clusters. This article focuses on one of
      these clusters, with special emphasis on the role and scope of occupational
      therapy services within this unique setting. Special problems and experiences
      encountered in the delivery of occupational therapy services to the profoundly
      and severely retarded clients in the clusters are explored.

PMID- 3688135
TI  - Using sensorimotor integrative treatment with mentally retarded adults.
AB  - Thirty-four mentally retarded, institutionalized adults were subjects in a study
      of the effects of sensorimotor integrative treatment procedures on sensorimotor
      development. The 25 subjects in the experimental group received group
      sensorimotor integrative treatment in addition to regular institutional
      programming; the 9 subjects in the control group received only the regular
      institutional programming. The Sensorimotor Performance Analysis was used to test
      sensorimotor performance of all subjects four times during the 12-month study.
      Results showed that both the experimental group and the control group made gains
      in sensorimotor development, with no significant differences between groups. The
      findings indicate that treatment procedures for improving sensorimotor
      development of the mentally retarded adult need further examination so that
      appropriate modalities can be developed. Periodic reassessment of the client
      following completion of treatment is suggested because of possible delays in
      improvement of sensorimotor development.

PMID- 3688137
TI  - Continued construct validation of the St. Marys CVA Evaluation: Bilateral
      Awareness Scale.
AB  - Previous research suggested that scores on the Schenkenberg Line Bisection Test
      of unilateral neglect should correlate significantly with bilateral awareness
      ratings on the St. Marys CVA Evaluation, but that scores on both of these
      instruments should not correlate with St. Marys perceptual scores. To test this
      hypothesis, occupational therapists at St. Marys Hospital Medical Center
      administered the Schenkenberg test and St. Marys CVA Evaluation to 26 cerebral
      vascular accident (CVA) patients. Spearman rho coefficients were computed. As
      hypothesized, the correlation between the Schenkenberg test scores and St. Marys
      bilateral awareness ratings reached statistical significance, and no significant
      relationship was found between Schenkenberg scores and St. Marys perceptual
      scores. However, there was a significant relationship between the St. Marys
      bilateral awareness ratings and perceptual scores. This result may indicate that
      clinical observations are not adequate to discriminate between unilateral neglect
      and perceptual impairments. The results further the construct validation process
      of the St. Marys CVA Evaluation. The data also support the position that
      unilateral neglect is not primarily a perceptual phenomenon.

PMID- 3688136
TI  - Developing a Role Activity Performance Scale.
AB  - This article describes the Role Activity Performance Scale (RAPS) and presents
      data from a study of its reliability and validity. The RAPS evaluates an
      individual's functional level, using 12 subscales that represent a range of life
      roles. It was developed as an instrument for evaluating the impact of
      occupational therapy and other treatment modalities on the functioning of
      psychiatric patients. It is also useful in the diagnostic, treatment, and
      discharge planning processes. Validity and interrater reliability testing
      involved a sample of 30 patients in two major diagnostic groups. Interrater
      correlations for subscales and total scores were above .80 and statistically
      significant. A comparison of the RAPS with other accepted psychosocial rating
      scales showed strong correlations in scores. The psychometric evidence from this
      preliminary study supports the continued development and use of the RAPS for both
      clinical and research purposes.

PMID- 3688138
TI  - Continuing education and maintaining professional competence.

PMID- 3688139
TI  - Continuing the discussion about faculty research: a response to Barbara Rider.

PMID- 3688140
TI  - Leadership and management.

PMID- 3688141
TI  - Productivity analysis.
AB  - This paper discusses productivity analysis, a method used in the Department of
      Rehabilitation Services at the Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston to measure
      the efficiency of occupational therapy services. Input and output information
      forms are displayed for a computerized program of productivity analysis. Input
      information includes time and nontime (modality) units and scheduled downtime.
      Output reports contain productivity analyses which allow the manager to monitor
      the ratio between actual hours worked by therapists and allocated hours per
      service. The data generated give weekly, monthly, and yearly feedback on
      performance by service and discipline. The objective information produced by
      these reports on service and department function contributes to management
      decisions on resource allocation and equipment requests.

PMID- 3688142
TI  - A cost analysis and management reporting system in occupational therapy.
AB  - Productivity management through cost analysis is fundamental in today's health
      care. A description of a cost analysis and management reporting system based on
      relative value units is presented in this article along with a practical method
      of identifying variable, fixed, and total costs for occupational therapy.
      Occupational therapy management participation in the cost analysis process is
      also discussed.

PMID- 3688143
TI  - Beyond the job description: managing for performance.
AB  - Translation of individual effort into performance that effectively meets
      organizational goals is challenging. This article demonstrates a systematic
      approach that addresses both baseline performance and staff development by using
      personnel management concepts and relating them to existing resources available
      from the American Occupational Therapy Association. The systems approach
      described uses performance standards as a basis for staff recruitment,
      orientation, development, and appraisal. Also discussed are the applications to
      student clinical education.

PMID- 3688145
TI  - Marketing occupational therapy.
AB  - Marketing is emerging as an important aspect of the delivery of health care
      services, including occupational therapy. An understanding of marketing and a
      knowledge of how to apply its principles will permit therapists to keep pace with
      the changing health care environment. This article introduces terminology,
      strategies, and applications of marketing.

PMID- 3688144
TI  - Introducing the concept of a corporate culture to the hospital setting.
AB  - The hospital industry is undergoing radical changes. To keep pace with the ever
      increasing demands for improved productivity and performance, hospitals are
      attempting to operate like businesses. This article examines one hospital's
      attempts at establishing a culture focused on excellence in its occupational
      therapy department. Guidelines are offered for creating positive cultures in
      other hospital settings.

PMID- 3688147
TI  - Positioning of separated conjoined twins with scoliosis/lordosis.
AB  - Infantile scoliosis has a potential for progression. This paper discusses the use
      of a soft material to correct scoliosis in a medically stable, at-risk infant. It
      illustrates that early intervention is desirable in preventing the progression of
      the lateral curve of the trunk. It also illustrates that the three-point
      positioning principle can be effective with soft materials with an infant. Foam
      rubber blocks were used to apply pressure at three strategic points, the
      shoulder, the hip, and the convex curve on an infant's trunk. At the age of 7
      months the infant was able to move herself into a normal position with good head
      and body alignment.

PMID- 3688146
TI  - The art of leading meetings.
AB  - The ability to skillfully lead meetings can contribute to a manager's
      effectiveness. There are four types of meetings, each serving different needs and
      requiring different leadership. A manager must know when to hold meetings, what
      leadership style is appropriate, how and when to use participative management,
      and how to facilitate a consensus. Considerable planning must be done before a
      meeting is held. Various leadership and communication skills are required to
      effectively open, conduct, and close a meeting. Finally, the leader needs to know
      how to deal with participants who become problems.

PMID- 3688148
TI  - Research: its role in enhancing the professional image.

PMID- 3688149
TI  - A conceptual model for the instruction and supervision of treatment planning.
AB  - The process of treatment planning requires the effective application of complex
      problem-solving skills. The occupational therapy literature has described
      components of this process and has identified both the difficulty educators have
      in teaching and the difficulty clinicians have in articulating the process of
      clinical problem solving. This paper presents a conceptual model of the dynamic
      process of occupational therapy treatment planning based on the case method of
      problem solving. An analysis of the process provides a basis for academic and
      clinical educators to effectively instruct and supervise students in treatment
      planning. An analysis of critical concepts related to each stage is followed by
      (a) common clinical errors committed by students and new therapists and (b)
      suggestions for supervisory approaches specific to errors at each stage.

PMID- 3688151
TI  - The effects of deep pressure touch on anxiety.
AB  - Occupational therapists who work with hyperactive children and adults who are in
      an aroused state sometimes employ deep pressure touch (DPT) as a therapeutic
      method to achieve calmer behavior. This pilot study attempts to measure effects
      of DPT on objective and subjective anxiety. Twenty-three healthy college
      students, serving as their own controls, self-administered DPT via a specially
      designed apparatus. Heart rate and self-reported anxiety were compared under
      conditions of DPT (experimental) and confinement without DPT (control). Data on
      subjects' trait anxiety also were analyzed. Although the group as a whole did not
      relax significantly more under experimental conditions than under control
      conditions, the degree of subjective relaxation was greater in the experimental
      group. These results, coupled with a significant intragroup difference in the
      response of subjects with high trait anxiety, were encouraging. This study
      provides direction and focus to investigators interested in further research on
      the validation of an empirically useful treatment technique.

PMID- 3688150
TI  - The benefits of group occupational therapy for patients with Parkinson's disease.
AB  - The medical treatment of idiopathic Parkinson's disease has improved the quality
      of life and increased survival of patients with Parkinson's disease. However, as
      the illness progresses, impairments in daily living activities occur. A clinical
      trial for a group rehabilitation program was initiated to maintain the functional
      status of these patients. The research protocol consisted of a pretreatment
      evaluation, random assignment to experimental or control groups, and
      posttreatment evaluations after therapy, at 6 months and at 1 year. The results
      showed that the subjects of the treated experimental group maintained their
      functional status after 1 year, demonstrated a significant decrease of
      bradykinesia, and perceived a significant improvement in their psychological well
      being. This study confirms the value of an occupational therapy group approach
      and its benefits to the functional independence, to the improvement of physical
      and motor symptoms, and to the quality of life of persons with Parkinson's
      disease.

PMID- 3688152
TI  - The relationship between the Bayley Scales of Infant Development and preschool
      gross motor and cognitive performance.
AB  - Early identification of disabilities enables early intervention by occupational
      therapists and other health professionals. Because the number of children who can
      be seen in therapy is limited, it is important to be able to identify those
      infants most likely to have deficits at a later age. Therefore, it is necessary
      to study and understand the relationship between infants' scores on early
      developmental assessments and later developmental outcomes. The purpose of this
      study was to determine the extent to which scores on the Bayley Scales of Infant
      Development (BSID) during the first 2 years of life are related to motor and
      cognitive performance at 4 1/2 years for a sample of children identified at birth
      as biologically high risk. This retrospective study involved 70 children who were
      evaluated at corrected ages of 4 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 4 1/2 years. The 4
      month BSID Mental and Motor Scale scores did not relate significantly to later
      cognitive motor performance. In contrast, the 12-month BSID Mental Scale scores
      related significantly to preschool scores on both the motor and cognitive
      measures. However, the 24-month BSID Mental Scale scores related significantly
      only to scores on the preschool cognitive measures. Though significant, these
      correlation coefficients had small magnitudes. Thus, therapists should be
      cautious about using BSID testing at 4 months, 1 year, and 2 years when
      attempting to predict later preschool performance.

PMID- 3688153
TI  - Altruism and task participation in the elderly.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate altruism as a factor in task
      participation among the elderly. The question was whether elderly persons are
      more likely to participate in an activity designed to help or benefit others than
      in an activity with no such altruistic purpose. Four groups of persons living in
      a home for the aged (N = 130) were invited to participate in a cookie-decorating
      activity. The invitations for two of the groups stated that the cookies would be
      a gift for a local preschool, and the invitations for the other two groups did
      not. Significantly more individuals (n = 25) chose to participate when the
      product of the activity was to be a gift for preschool children than when no
      altruism was involved (n = 14). Implications for occupational therapy practice
      and research are discussed.

PMID- 3688154
TI  - The ability of professional programs in occupational therapy to accommodate the
      older student.
AB  - Research data suggest that 24% of the 25- to 34-year-old age group are college
      graduates who are prime candidates for returning to the university campus. As a
      professional field in which the enrollment of traditional-age students might
      decline, occupational therapy may need to find ways to attract older students.
      Thus, there is a need to examine whether occupational therapy curricula are
      designed to accommodate older students.

PMID- 3688155
TI  - Extension block splinting for the proximal interphalangeal joint.

PMID- 3688156
TI  - Gender bias in an occupational therapy text.
AB  - Willard and Spackman's Occupational Therapy does not create an awareness and
      understanding of the role of women in the field of occupational therapy. Nor does
      the text include general policy statements or reflections on how gender bias
      affects our work. What is our true consciousness as women therapists? Maria Mies
      (1983) wrote that women consent to their own oppression or subordination through
      silence. "Only when there is a rupture in the 'normal' life of a woman, a
      divorce, an end of a relationship, is there a chance for her to become conscious
      of her true condition which had been unconsciously submerged in a patriarchal
      system" (p. 125). True consciousness occurs in occupational therapy when
      practitioners avoid the use of activities or occupation in therapy. This is our
      "rupture". I believe the profession needs to develop a policy statement
      discussing gender concerns in our theory and practice linked to the progress made
      by women scientists in anthropology, psychology, sociology, history, and
      literature. It is critical to good treatment that the gender role factor be
      included in our research on the generic impact of activity on the individual and
      small group. As female occupational therapists we have the opportunity to make a
      significant imprint on a gender-based understanding of the health value of
      activities in our daily lives.

PMID- 3688157
TI  - Clinical reasoning in occupational therapy.

PMID- 3688158
TI  - Integrating play in neurodevelopmental treatment.
AB  - This article presents one perspective on the integration of play activities
      within a neurodevelopmental frame of reference. Based on the premise that
      activities are characteristic of occupational therapy intervention, issues
      related to combining play activities with neurodevelopmental principles are
      discussed. Clinical examples are also provided to illustrate the value of
      integrating play activities within the occupational therapy treatment of the
      child with cerebral palsy.

PMID- 3688159
TI  - AIDS: guidelines for occupational therapy intervention.
AB  - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is currently considered the nation's
      number one health problem. More than 30,000 persons have been diagnosed with this
      disease to date, and 40,000 new cases are anticipated for the next 2 years. This
      paper reviews the current facts regarding AIDS, including its modes of
      transmission and clinical symptomatology. Guidelines for occupational therapy
      assessment and treatment are presented, including general precautions and
      recommended intervention strategies.

PMID- 3688160
TI  - The effects of tool scarcity on group climate and affective meaning within the
      context of a stenciling activity.
AB  - Occupational therapists conducting activity analyses often consider the effects
      of supplies and tools on group process. This study compared three levels of tool
      supply within the context of a stenciling activity: high scarcity (one essential
      tool per three subjects), moderate scarcity (two essential tools per three
      subjects), and no scarcity (three essential tools per three subjects). Thirty-six
      female subjects rated the activity using Osgood's short-form semantic
      differential and MacKenzie's Group Climate Questionnaire-Short Form. The data
      supported the hypothesis of higher group engagement scores in the moderate level
      of supply than in the high-scarcity or no-scarcity conditions. Though low in all
      conditions, conflict scores were especially low in the moderate scarcity
      condition. An unexpected result was found: Subjects experiencing high scarcity
      had the shortest completion time. No differences between the three supply levels
      in terms of affective meaning were found. The findings are discussed in terms of
      the literature of small groups and occupational therapy theory.

PMID- 3688161
TI  - Body part identification in 1- to 4-year-old children.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine the sequence in which body parts are
      learned and can be identified by very young children. The 101 children tested
      were divided into four age groups: 1-year-olds, 2-year-olds, 3-year-olds, and 4
      year-olds. The children were requested to point to 20 body parts on a doll.
      Analysis of the results indicated significant differences in the ability to
      identify body parts by age and sex. The greatest increase in scores occurred
      between the ages of 1 and 2 years, with girls achieving a slightly higher score
      in each age group. The percentage of subjects at each age who identified
      different body parts is presented, indicating the sequence in which body parts
      are learned.

PMID- 3688162
TI  - Community-based occupational therapy with a head-injured adult.

PMID- 3688164
TI  - Barton responsible for the term occupational therapy.

PMID- 3688163
TI  - Classroom aids for a child with severe upper limb deficiencies.
AB  - Six adaptive aids were designed and fabricated to improve the classroom
      functioning of a 7-year-old boy with severe upper limb deficiencies. Most aids
      were lightweight and easily stored in the child's classroom desk. The pullover
      shirt aid, the largest device, was stored in an adjoining playroom area. Because
      these aids were inexpensive to fabricate, duplicates were made as needed for use
      at home. These aids could easily be modified by other therapists to meet the
      needs of patients with congenital or acquired limb deficiencies.

PMID- 3688165
TI  - Naturalistic versus scientific inquiry.

PMID- 3688166
TI  - Study of truth is part of philosophical inquiry.

PMID- 3688167
TI  - Toward professionalism: the reflective therapist.

PMID- 3688169
TI  - Use of leisure time by cardiac patients.
AB  - There has been increasing evidence that psychological stress is a risk factor in
      the development of heart disease. How an individual copes with stress will
      determine its impact on his or her health. The literature proposes that the
      effects of stress can be minimized, reduced, or reversed by factors such as goal
      directed activity, physical exercise, relaxation, or emotionally supportive
      relationships. An exploratory study was conducted to compare activity patterns
      and leisure concepts between matched groups of cardiac and noncardiac subjects.
      The data indicate trends in the differences between these two groups in activity
      patterns and in the variety of activities that characterized their leisure time.
      The results suggest areas for occupational therapy intervention in the treatment
      of cardiac patients.

PMID- 3688168
TI  - Intraprofessional team building.
AB  - This article discusses the importance of team building between occupational
      therapists and occupational therapy assistants and the relationship of teamwork
      to the effectiveness of service delivery within the profession of occupational
      therapy. If team members' needs are not satisfied, dysfunctional
      intraprofessional teams result. Team building is based on the satisfaction of
      three areas of individual need: (a) ministration, which leads to mutual respect;
      (b) mastery or effective performance; and (c) maturation or personal growth and
      professional socialization. A better understanding and appreciation of the roles
      of therapist and assistant and their relationships can resolve the team deficits.
      A developmental team chart that uses a systems theory model as an organizing
      framework is presented as an action plan for team building. Suggestions are made
      to academic and fieldwork educators and professional and technical clinicians to
      strengthen intraprofessional relationships in occupational therapy.

PMID- 3688170
TI  - The occupational therapist as an expert witness.
AB  - The legal profession has begun to discover the contribution of the occupational
      therapist as an expert witness. The role of the therapist is to assist the
      plaintiff's or defendant's attorney in presenting evidence to the jury regarding
      injuries sustained by the injured party and implications of these injuries for
      functional capacity. In preparing themselves educationally and clinically to meet
      these demands, occupational therapists must define their role more precisely.
      Through effective reporting, record keeping, and an understanding of the uses and
      benefits of legal intervention, occupational therapists can have a positive
      impact in the litigation process.

PMID- 3688171
TI  - Perceptions of the purpose of Level I fieldwork.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine perceptions of the purpose of Level I
      fieldwork. Academic faculty members, fieldwork supervisors, and students were
      asked to rank their 10 most valued choices from a list of proposed objectives.
      Responses were tabulated by frequency, summed, and analyzed. The results show
      that objectives from the category of student involvement in the occupational
      therapy treatment process were ranked most frequently and that objectives
      associated with understanding the clinical program and facility were ranked the
      least often. Statistically significant differences between academic and fieldwork
      educators were identified on two items: (a) "Receive feedback on beginning
      strengths and weaknesses in professional behavior" and (b) "Opportunity to
      develop a treatment plan." Both academic and fieldwork educators differed
      significantly with students on six items: (a) "Develop an awareness of the
      patient as a whole person," (b) "Develop a beginning awareness of patterns of
      practice in occupational therapy delivery systems." (c) "Participate in
      supervisor/supervisee relationship and experience working out communication and
      personality differences," (d) "Introduction to evaluation and treatment
      techniques," and (e) "Opportunity to develop a treatment plan." By clarifying the
      perceptions of the academic faculty, the fieldwork supervisors, and the students,
      Level I fieldwork will be strengthened and improved.

PMID- 3688172
TI  - Occupational therapy in mother and child health care centers.
AB  - This paper describes the results of an infant stimulation program that involved
      mothers and their infants registered at Mother and Child Health Care centers in
      Jerusalem. A questionnaire was used to evaluate the mothers' knowledge,
      attitudes, and practices regarding the developmental needs of their infants. A
      developmental assessment was used to evaluate the infants' reaching and grasping
      abilities at 4 months of age. The questionnaire was completed by 175 mothers in
      the program (the experimental group) and a control group of 124 mothers. The
      results showed that, despite demographic differences that were likely to
      positively affect the control group's scores, the experimental group's scores
      were significantly higher. The results of the developmental assessment
      administered to 107 infants in the experimental group and 74 infants in the
      control group also indicated that, on 4 out of 5 reaching and grasping items, the
      experimental group performed significantly better. This study emphasizes the
      value of structuring a developmental curriculum for newborn infants and their
      mothers within an occupational therapy program.

PMID- 3688173
TI  - The challenge: substantiating knowledge claims.

PMID- 3688174
TI  - Ocular dominance and the interocular suppression of blur in monovision.
AB  - Presbyopic contact lens patients with monocular corrections (monovision) see
      clearly at all distances by virtue of an interocular suppression of anisometropic
      blur that occurs regionally between corresponding retinal areas. This suppression
      fails to occur with small high-contrast targets viewed under low luminance
      conditions. The effect of target size and contrast upon interocular suppression
      of blur was quantified by reducing contrast of a bright test spot, viewed
      binocularly while wearing various plus lenses monocularly, until the out-of-focus
      image was suppressed. The strength of interocular suppression was equivalent when
      the plus lens was before either eye. However, after subjects wore a plus lens
      over their nonsighting eye for one day, interocular suppression of blur became
      enhanced when the nonsighting eye was blurred, and it became reduced when the
      sighting eye was blurred. Successful monovision subjects suppressed blur at
      higher contrast levels than did unsuccessful subjects. These results suggest a
      possible clinical test for quantifying adaptation to monovision.

PMID- 3688175
TI  - Mapping of ophthalmic lens distortions with a pinhole camera.
AB  - Ophthalmic lenses are produced in a variety of forms each having unique effects
      upon visual space. The foundation for evaluating visual space distortion
      associated with ophthalmic lenses is an understanding of the optical input to the
      visual system. We developed a photographic technique to evaluate the effects of
      ophthalmic lenses on optical imagery. This technique uses a pinhole camera and an
      associated lens holder to simulate the eye-lens relation and provide an eye
      referenced view of optical space. A rectilinear grid was photographed through
      Varilux progressive addition lenses (PAL's) and with no lenses in place.
      Comparison of these photographs provides a measure of relative optical space
      distortion that should closely approximate relative visual distortion under
      similar viewing conditions. Our technique provides an optical baseline with which
      more in depth studies of space perception and adaptation may be compared.

PMID- 3688176
TI  - Comparison of simultaneously obtained objective and subjective measurements of
      fixation disparity.
AB  - Simultaneous objective (based on binocular eye movement record) and subjective
      (nonius-line displacement) measurements of horizontal and vertical fixation
      disparity were carried out in order to evaluate the reliability of the nonius
      line method of measuring ocular deviation. Significant differences were found
      between the subjective and objective measurements. These differences indicate
      that the nonius-line method is unreliable for the measurement of ocular deviation
      or fusional status.

PMID- 3688177
TI  - Adult age differences in visual acuity, stereopsis, and contrast sensitivity.
AB  - We investigated adult age differences in four measures of visual function:
      distance acuity, near acuity, stereopsis, and contrast sensitivity. Twenty-four
      young adults (mean age 19.5 years) and 24 older adults (mean age 68.4 years)
      participated. Age differences were present in each of the four measures. A
      stepwise discriminant analysis performed on the four measures revealed that, when
      the correlations among the measures were taken into account, only contrast
      sensitivity significantly discriminated young and older adults' performance. The
      strength of the correlations among the four measures was greater for older adults
      than for young adults. The results indicated that contrast sensitivity is a
      useful measure for detecting age-related changes in visual function and that a
      common mechanism may underlie age differences on various visual tests.

PMID- 3688178
TI  - How the method used to measure refractive error is expected to affect statistical
      results.
AB  - Values of refractive error (RE) observed for subjects and groups depend on the
      degree to which the measurement method used relaxes accommodation. This affects
      statistics calculated on RE measurements in predictable ways. Comparing
      noncycloplegic (NC) with cycloplegic (C) methods, myopia is expected to be more
      frequent, differences between group means should be less, and correlations and
      regressions relating RE to other variables may be reduced slightly. Tests based
      on the categorization of RE will show weaker associations with putative
      influencing variables. The implications of this are discussed for comparing
      published studies and choosing measurement methods in epidemiological and genetic
      studies.

PMID- 3688180
TI  - Changes in contrast sensitivity during the first six months of soft lens wear.
AB  - Changes in the contrast sensitivity function (CSF) and corneal thickness of six
      subjects were monitored during the first 6 months of soft lens wear. Contrast
      sensitivity suffered a temporary reduction during the first two weeks of wear,
      subsequently recovering rapidly to normal baseline levels. Corneal thickness
      increased by 4.9% on the first day of wear, thereafter gradually returning to,
      but never attaining, prefitting levels. No evidence was found to support
      complaints of poor vision by long-term soft lens patients. The etiology of the
      contrast decrements revealed in the early (or adaptation) stages of soft lens
      wear is discussed.

PMID- 3688179
TI  - An objective assessment of the effect of fogging on accommodation.
AB  - The effect on accommodation of using plus lenses to fog an eye that is viewing a
      distant target has been measured with an infrared autorefractor. Sixteen subjects
      were used; eight hyperopes and eight myopes. There is no difference between the
      results for the two refractive groups. Intersubject variation did occur; some
      subjects remained relaxed as the amount of fog was increased, other subjects
      relaxed initially and then began to accommodate. The data indicate that up to 2 D
      of fogging can occur before accommodation begins to return to its resting state.

PMID- 3688181
TI  - Linearity of refractive change with age in childhood myopia progression.
AB  - Refractive records of young myopic patients were collected from six optometry
      practices. Statistical tests for linearity (F-test and statistical significance
      of the correlation coefficient) were applied to the myopic measurements made
      between 6 and 15 years of age. In 90 to 94% of these patients, refractive changes
      with time were linear. Refractive changes are greater when a patient is myopic
      rather than hyperopic or emmetropic.

PMID- 3688182
TI  - A bichromatic laser optometer.
AB  - A laser refractive technique involving the simultaneous viewing of red (633 nm)
      and green (514 nm) speckle patterns has been investigated. The speckle patterns
      are displayed on adjacent, contra-rotating drums with a common axis, the
      refractive status being determined by matching the apparent speckle speeds for
      the two wavelengths. The refractive corrections found are compared with those
      determined by making either red or green speckles appear stationary, and with the
      independently determined results of conventional subjective refractive
      procedures. It is concluded that, although the bichrome technique is feasible,
      most subjects found the conventional laser method, involving red speckles alone,
      easier to use and that the associated results were slightly more reproducible.

PMID- 3688183
TI  - The effect of test proximity and induced refractive error on stereoacuity.

PMID- 3688184
TI  - Vertical fixation disparity correction: effect on the horizontal forced-vergence
      fixation disparity curve.
AB  - Following a suggestion made by Percival in regard to dissociated phorias, we
      corrected vertical associated phoria in several patients who had disparities in
      both vertical and horizontal fixation. The principal objective result of this
      correction was a flattening of the slope of the type I horizontal forced-vergence
      curve. This result may be significant particularly because the slope has been
      identified as being a good prognosticator of patients likely to be symptomatic.
      Attention to a concurrent vertical component may offer a convenient way to
      normalize a steep slope on horizontal fixation disparity curves.

PMID- 3688185
TI  - Reduction in axial length with age: an emmetropizing mechanism for the adult eye?
AB  - Mechanisms accounting for the fact that the eye tends to become and remain
      emmetropic have been proposed for the developing eye, but no such mechanisms have
      been proposed for the adult eye. In the study reported here, refractive component
      data published by Sorsby and his co-workers were reanalyzed in terms of the
      variations in these components with age. Included in the analysis are component
      data for one eye of each of 271 subjects from age 4 to age 70 years, whose ocular
      refraction was between plano and +2.00 D. The results of this analysis show that
      the axial length of the eye appears to decrease during the adult years of life,
      concurrently with a decrease in anterior chamber depth and an increase in the
      refractive power of both the cornea and the lens. It is proposed that a reduction
      in the axial length of the adult eye serves as an emmetropizing mechanism,
      occurring in harmony with the increase in the refracting power of the eye, which
      would otherwise cause the refraction of the eye to move in the myopic direction.

PMID- 3688186
TI  - Origins and implications of frequency-doubling in the visual evoked potential.
AB  - The origins and implications of frequency-doubling (i.e., the dominance of the
      4th-harmonic response instead of the reversal response) in the visual evoked
      potential (VEP) were investigated. Previous research demonstrated that frequency
      doubling occurs in humans when sinusoidal but not square-wave luminance
      modulation is used to elicit the VEP, but little else is known about this
      intriguing phenomenon. Six adult humans viewed luminance and chromatic gratings
      that were presented using three different spatiotemporal combinations: 4 c/deg-3
      Hz, 4 c/deg-6 Hz, and 12 c/deg-3 Hz. VEP's were recorded monopolarly from Oz
      using an ear reference and were subjected to a Fourier analysis. The results
      showed that frequency-doubling occurred only using sinusoidal luminance contrasts
      at 4 c/deg-3 Hz, although the relative strength of higher harmonic responses was
      greater for both sine- and square-wave luminance contrasts relative to their
      chromatic counterparts. Many hypotheses can be put forth to account for VEP
      frequency-doubling (none of which is entirely satisfactory); however, a plausible
      view is that this phenomenon is related to the magnocellular-parvocellular
      distinction. In general, the presence of frequency-doubling and other harmonic
      distortions may preclude the scalp-recorded steady-state VEP to suprathreshold
      luminance contrasts from describing accurately the spatiotemporal transfer
      characteristics of the human visual system.

PMID- 3688187
TI  - Osmotically induced central and peripheral corneal swelling in the cat.
AB  - A number of factors have been suggested to account for the reduced swelling
      response of the peripheral cornea. The osmotic swelling was determined in 25
      adult cats by dripping deionized water onto the cornea for 30 min. The central
      cornea swelled 62 +/- 19 microns compared to 32 +/- 21 microns for the peripheral
      cornea. Before treatment, the cat was found to have a very uniform thickness
      profile, measuring 592 +/- 42 microns centrally, and 585 +/- 46 microns
      peripherally. The difference in central and peripheral swelling was therefore not
      due to topographical differences in baseline thickness. Endothelial cell density
      (ECD) determined with specular microscopy was 2920 cells/mm2 centrally, compared
      to 3,185 cells/mm2 peripherally. Differences in cell density between the center
      and periphery are not responsible for the reduced swelling response of the
      corneal periphery inasmuch as swelling response was not correlated with cell
      density either in the center of the cornea or in the periphery (r = 0.179 and r =
      0.221, respectively). By selecting an animal with a uniform thickness profile and
      by using an osmotic stimulus, this study has shown that the most likely cause for
      the reduced swelling response near the limbus is a difference in structural
      and/or hydration characteristics of the cornea at the limbus.

PMID- 3688188
TI  - Readability of computer display print enlarged for low vision.
AB  - A letter counting task was presented on a Macintosh computer screen using two
      different versions of 24 point Times Roman print. One version, called "grainy,"
      had 12 matrix units per font height and the other, called "smooth," had 24. A
      mixed group of low vision subjects and a normally sighted group had speed and
      accuracy measured as they performed the test task from two different viewing
      distances. For both population groups, the remote test distances were arranged
      individually so that the letters subtended an angular size scarcely larger than
      threshold. The close distances were fairly representative of practical working
      distances. It was shown that, for both groups of subjects, smooth letters allowed
      faster performance for the closer working distances only. Smoothing the letters
      helped accuracy of performance at the far distances, and at the close distances,
      smoothing improved the accuracy for the low vision group but not for the normals.
      The implications are discussed.

PMID- 3688189
TI  - Contour interaction function in the preschool child.
AB  - Contour interaction was investigated in 12 preschool children 3 to 4 years of
      age, and compared to the results obtained from 5 normal adults tested under an
      identical paradigm. Observers viewed the display from a distance at which they
      could identify the location of a gap (up or down) in an isolated C correctly on
      90 to 95% of the trials. The isolated C and C's with bars tangentially located at
      various positions above and below the test optotype were intermixed randomly.
      Percent correct was plotted as a function of the angular subtense of the gap
      width of the test optotype. A significant decrease in performance was found when
      the bars were positioned at 0.71 to 1.42 times the angular subtense of the gap
      for both the preschool children and the adults. The results suggest that
      preschool children demonstrate contour interaction that is quantitatively similar
      to adults. Because the spacing of letters on standard acuity charts is typically
      larger than the range over which contour interaction occurs, the poorer acuity
      often measured with charts compared to isolated letter presentation in preschool
      children suggests that factors other than contour interaction (perhaps
      attentional factors) are involved.

PMID- 3688191
TI  - Contact lens fitting relation and visual acuity in keratoconus.
AB  - The presence of visual decrement in keratoconus is widely recognized, but little
      is known about the effect of different contact lens fitting philosophies on
      visual acuity. We studied 10 eyes with keratoconus, each of which was tested with
      an automated visual acuity device while wearing rigid contact lenses of varying
      base curves and diameters. Lenses used were large, flat lenses and small, steep
      lenses, fitted from 0.4 mm flatter to 0.4 mm steeper than the average
      keratometric measurement in 0.1-mm increments, including parallel to the average
      corneal curvature. A small improvement in visual acuity was noted with the flat
      lenses, equalling approximately one-half line of visual acuity, which, although
      statistically significant, was not deemed to be clinically significant. In
      addition, a decrement in visual acuity of keratoconus patients with centrally
      placed cones was noted and is discussed.

PMID- 3688190
TI  - Rapid contrast sensitivity assessment in keratoconus.
AB  - Contrast sensitivity derangement may accompany keratoconus even in the presence
      of normal or near normal Snellen visual acuity. This has been demonstrated with
      computer-driven contrast sensitivity test devices. The purpose of this study was
      to evaluate the utility and efficacy of rapid screening devices for contrast
      sensitivity testing. However, such devices are often cumbersome and difficult to
      use clinically. We tested 12 patients with keratoconus on 2 simple chart systems
      designed to test contrast sensitivity in a rapid and clinically useful manner:
      the Vistech chart and the Regan multi-contrast visual acuity charts. Both devices
      detected the contrast sensitivity abnormalities present in early keratoconus, but
      some patients [with greater than or equal to 6/12 (20/40) visual acuity] were
      unable to respond to areas of the charts corresponding to high spatial frequency
      and/or low contrast tasks. Such simple wall charts may be useful in measuring the
      visual abnormalities in early keratoconus, in monitoring the progression of the
      disease, and in evaluating various treatment options.

PMID- 3688192
TI  - Plus acceptance in hard contact lens wearers.
AB  - Hyperopes fitted with contact lenses often exhibit more plus acceptance compared
      to full spectacle correction beyond that accounted for by vertex distance
      considerations. The objective of this investigation was to attempt to identify
      the possible factors involved with this phenomenon. Eight hyperopes, one myope,
      and one control hyperope between 20 and 30 years of age were fitted with
      polymethyl methacrylate lenses, and over-refractions performed on different days
      with and without corneal anesthesia. The result was that every test hyperope
      accepted more plus without anesthetic than with anesthetic, by an average of
      0.725 D, which was significant (p = 0.0000). One possible mechanism appears to be
      neurosensory feedback between corneal sensation and the level of accommodative
      tonus of the ciliary body.

PMID- 3688193
TI  - Causes of blindness in northern Nigeria.
AB  - An analysis of the causes of blindness in northern Nigeria was undertaken. The
      leading causes of blindness in order of frequency of occurrence were cataracts,
      glaucoma, corneal diseases, trachoma, and trauma.

PMID- 3688196
TI  - Lens flexure and astigmatism.

PMID- 3688194
TI  - A new keratometer.
AB  - A keratometer design is described which uses Drysdale's method for determining
      the radius of a curved surface with the use of a spherocylindrical lens system to
      allow simultaneous observation of the surface and center of curvature images.
      This not only results in a simple compact keratometer but also provides an
      instrument that can be used to measure the radius of curvature of the peripheral
      cornea.

PMID- 3688195
TI  - Telescopic scanning and age-related maculopathy.
AB  - We report the management of various aspects of the care provided over a span of
      12 years for a patient with age-related maculopathy (ARM). The use of a low-power
      telescope proved to be particularly helpful because, with it, she learned
      eccentric viewing and made best use of her remaining vision.

PMID- 3688197
TI  - Correlation of high-resolution computed tomography and gross anatomic sections of
      the temporal bone: Part I. The facial nerve.
AB  - Detailed anatomic analysis of the human temporal bone has been made possible by
      correlating high-resolution computed tomography (CT) with gross anatomic
      sections. Serial CT scans of isolated temporal bones were obtained in the
      transaxial (horizontal), coronal, and sagittal planes at 1.5-mm intervals. The
      temporal bone was sectioned at 2.0-mm intervals in planes parallel to the CT
      scans. Based on a correlation of these sections, the facial nerve canal was
      divided into four segments and the planes in which each is best observed are
      described and illustrated. The first segment in the internal auditory canal is
      best visualized in the sagittal plane, the labyrinthine segment and geniculate
      ganglion in the coronal and transaxial planes, the tympanic portion in the
      sagittal plane, the genu, between the tympanic and mastoid portion, in the
      sagittal plane, and the mastoid portion and the stylomastoid foramen in the
      coronal and sagittal planes.

PMID- 3688198
TI  - Acoustic reflex dynamics and auditory brain stem responses in multiple sclerosis.
AB  - Onset latency, rise time, and amplitude measures of the acoustic reflex and
      auditory brain stem responses (ABRs) to clicks were elicited from normal subjects
      and subjects with multiple sclerosis (MS). The results indicated that MS subjects
      exhibited response abnormalities including prolonged rise times of the acoustic
      reflex and prolonged absolute latencies, interwave latencies and interaural
      latencies, and poor response stability of the ABR. The results of this study
      indicate that measurement of acoustic reflex dynamics can add to the diagnostic
      value of the test beyond measurement of acoustic reflex threshold and decay. The
      combination of complete acoustic reflex and ABR tests is a valuable contribution
      to the diagnosis of patients with MS who have no auditory symptoms.

PMID- 3688199
TI  - Retrolabyrinthine or retrosigmoid vestibular neurectomy: indications.
AB  - Selective vestibular nerve section is indicated for the treatment of vertigo in
      unilateral Meniere's disease or other inner ear disorders, in patients with
      salvageable hearing. Since 1978, the retrolabyrinthine approach to the vestibular
      nerve in the cerebellopontine angle has been used extensively with good success
      and minimal morbidity. In an attempt to obtain more complete section of the
      vestibular nerve, the retrosigmoid-internal auditory canal approach was developed
      in 1985 and has been employed in 13 patients, all of whom obtained complete
      control of vertigo. The surgical techniques are presented with emphasis on the
      advantages and disadvantages of each approach. Relative indications and
      contraindications are suggested.

PMID- 3688200
TI  - Hearing, speech, and language outcome in infants with extreme immaturity.
AB  - There appears to be an increase in the number of premature infants who survive
      treatment in neonatal intensive care units. Such an increase is expected to
      result in a greater number of children with developmental delays in a variety of
      dimensions, including auditory and psycholinguistic abilities. This report
      presents hearing and speech/language data on a sample of 266 high-risk infants.
      The data revealed that approximately one-third of the population exhibited
      hearing impairment and/or speech/language problems. The need for early
      identification and periodic assessment with this population is emphasized.

PMID- 3688201
TI  - Bilateral congenital cholesteatoma: a cause or result of chronic otitis media
      with effusion?
AB  - Bilateral congenital cholesteatoma in children is unusual, and our experience
      with a case arising in a 6-year-old boy is described. Various theories of the
      origin of this disease are briefly reviewed. The possibility that this entity may
      be more common than previously realized, and its relationship to eustachian tube
      obstruction and middle ear effusions, are also discussed.

PMID- 3688202
TI  - Three-dimensional computer-aided reconstruction of the pontobulbar body.
AB  - The pontobulbar body (PBB) has a crescent-like shape and runs along the caudal
      border of the cochlear nuclei (CN) on the lateral surface of the brain stem and
      then extends rostrally to the root of the trigeminal nerve. Three-dimensional
      computerized reconstruction methods have been used to produce two models that
      show the surface topography of the PBB and CN together, while other models
      revealed the appearance of different sides of the PBB only. The models accurately
      localized the common boundaries between the PBB and CN. Inside the brain stem,
      the boundary between the ventral CN and PBB was not always clear in sections
      stained for cell bodies and myelinated fibers. Close relationships between the
      PBB and pontine nuclei in the ventral portions of the pons were demonstrated. The
      reconstructions also showed the position of the tenia of the inferior velum of
      the fourth ventricle in relation to the PBB and CN. In contrast to the CN, only a
      relatively small portion of the PBB was located within the fourth ventricle.
      Results may be useful to work underway in this institution on implantation of the
      central electro-auditory prosthesis. Results might also be useful for further
      development of the surgical anatomy of the cerebellopontine angle.

PMID- 3688203
TI  - The Nucleus Children's Program.
AB  - Two programs have been developed for the selection and rehabilitation of children
      to receive the Nucleus 22-channel cochlear implant system. One program focuses on
      postlingually deafened children from the ages of 10 to 17, while the other is
      designed for deafened children from 2 to 9 years. Each has been approved under
      separate IDEs by the Food and Drug Administration. The selection criteria for
      these two programs are described. Preliminary results for two adolescents
      implanted with the Nucleus multichannel device are also presented. Complete pre-
      and postevaluation results are shown for one adolescent who has completed a ten
      week rehabilitation program. Initial findings suggest that hearing-only skills
      can be developed in this population and that children with short-term deafness
      may be able to develop some degree of open-set speech recognition without
      lipreading.

PMID- 3688205
TI  - The growth rate of acoustic tumors.

PMID- 3688204
TI  - Facial paralysis study group--basic science reviews.

PMID- 3688207
TI  - Transverse relationships of the infraorbital foramina in cleft and noncleft
      individuals.
AB  - An evaluation of the location of the infraorbital foramina in a transverse plane
      was undertaken by direct skull and radiographic measurements in unrepaired cleft
      palate and age- and sex-matched noncleft individuals. Physioprints were obtained
      on six dry skulls with left-sided clefts of the primary and secondary palates and
      on six age- and sex-matched noncleft palate skulls. The left infraorbital foramen
      was found to be significantly superior in a transverse plane to the right
      infraorbital foramen in the cleft palate skulls. No significant differences in
      transverse location of the infraorbital foramina were found in the cleft skull
      group based on differences in sex or age. Posterior-anterior cephalographs were
      obtained on 15 left unilateral cleft palate individuals and on age- and sex
      matched noncleft palate individuals. The location of the infraorbital foramina in
      a transverse plane in the posterior-anterior cephalographs was found to be too
      variable to permit the use of parametric statistical tests. When the data on
      location of the infraorbital foramina were analyzed by a nonparametric
      statistical test it was found that the left infraorbital foramen was
      significantly superior to the right infraorbital foramen in the cleft palate
      individuals. The more superiorly placed infraorbital foramen on the cleft side
      was suggestive of a vertical deficiency of the maxilla on the cleft side.

PMID- 3688206
TI  - Resolution of genetic and uterine environmental effects in a family study of new
      dermatoglyphic measure: sole pattern ridge counts.
AB  - The heritability of sole pattern ridge counts was examined in two family studies
      of endogamous castes from peninsular India. The phenotypes included ridge counts
      for each of the eight configurational areas separately, all areas combined, and
      only distal areas combined. Differences in heritability estimates were found
      between populations as well as among the individual configurational areas.
      Although some ridge counts do not show familial resemblance, others appear to be
      moderately heritable. Estimates of h2 range from 0.36 to 0.63 in one family
      series and from 0.22 to 0.51 in the other. In addition, significant uterine
      environmental effects were detected in one family series but not in the other.

PMID- 3688208
TI  - A family study of dermatoglyphic traits in India: segregation analysis of
      accessory palmar triradii and the atd angle.
AB  - Accessory triradii and the atd angle were examined via complex segregation
      analysis in order to evaluate possible genetic effects on these dermatoglyphic
      traits, measured in an endogamous Brahmin caste of peninsular India. The
      phenotypes considered included: presence of accessory palmar triradii a' and d',
      associated with the interdigital areas II and IV, respectively; presence of an
      accessory axial triradius tt' associated with the proximal margin of the palm;
      and an arctanh-transformation of the atd angle measurement. For all accessory
      triradii considered in the present investigation familial resemblance was
      evident. The most parsimonious model which could account for the observed
      resemblance was a multifactorial model that includes polygenic effects as well as
      transmissible environmental effects that are inherited in the same pattern as
      polygenes. Evidence of familial resemblance was also found for the arctanh
      transformed atd angle, which could be attributed, initially, to both a major
      effect and a multifactorial component. Tests of transmission of a putative major
      gene were performed which yielded results consistent with Mendelian transmission,
      although an alternative test of no transmission of the major effect also fit the
      data. In light of these contrasting results we are precluded from accepting with
      confidence the notion of a major gene influence on the atd angle. We have
      concluded that the accessory triradii a', d', and tt', and the atd angle are
      influenced by multifactorial effects, including additive polygenes and possible
      environmental factors, such as intrauterine effects.

PMID- 3688209
TI  - Postcanine tooth size in female primates.
AB  - The results of many allometric studies of postcanine tooth size in mammals have
      not corresponded to expectations of tooth size based on energy requirements and
      dental function. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship
      between postcanine occlusal surface area, body size, and the metabolic demands of
      pregnancy and lactation in female primates. Tooth and body sizes from 38 primate
      species were taken from the literature to test two hypotheses: 1) females should
      have relatively larger teeth than males in order to masticate additional food for
      the energetic costs of reproduction; 2) taxa with the largest neonatal size (a
      measure of average metabolic costs of pregnancy and lactation) should have
      females with a greater degree of relative dental enlargement. The results show
      that relatively large female teeth are not found consistently in primate species.
      Females have less occlusal surface area than expected on the basis of the male
      tooth and body size regression in 21% of the species, and there is no correlation
      between relative female tooth size and relative newborn size across higher
      primate taxa. The degree of female dental enlargement is most closely related to
      degree of sexual dimorphism in body weight. The correlation between degree of
      body weight dimorphism and relatively larger postcanine teeth in females than in
      males is 0.87 in the 38 species. Species that are monomorphic in weight tend to
      be monomorphic in tooth size even though females apparently require more food
      than males.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3688210
TI  - Toe and plantar dermatoglyphics in adult American Caucasians.
AB  - The scarcity of information on control data of toe and plantar dermatoglyphics
      led us to undertake this study of adult American Caucasians. Toe and sole prints
      of 168 male and 83 female participants of the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of
      Aging were analyzed. Toe pattern frequencies demonstrate that fibular loops are
      the most prevalent pattern on the toes in both males and females. Pattern
      distribution by digit shows that arches are most often located on the fifth toe
      while whorls are found with greatest frequency on the third toe. Plantar pattern
      frequencies indicate that the most common pattern found in the hallucal area is
      the distal loop. Open fields are frequently found in the II and IV interdigital
      areas while distal loops are prevalent in the III area. These results are
      compared to the finger and palmar patterns of the same individuals. The
      distribution of patterns on the toes and fingers of the same individuals appear
      to be quite different. Population comparisons did not demonstrate a clear racial
      difference in the toe pattern frequencies or in the plantar areas.

PMID- 3688211
TI  - Evolution of the sacrum in hominoids.
AB  - In order to study the formation of the sacrum during the primate evolution, a new
      way of numbering mammalian vertebrae is presented; this demonstrates that the
      thoracolumbosacral complex is fixed at 22 vertebrae in 80% and at 22 +/- 1 in
      100% of the cases. The shift of a vertebra from one type to another occurs either
      at the thoracolumbar or at the lumbosacral junction and not at the
      cervicothoracic junction. Rarely does the shift take place at the sacrococcygeal
      junction. Data from 318 primates reveal that the seven original lumbar vertebrae
      of the Old World monkeys are reduced in the great apes by a caudad
      "thoracization" of one to two lumbar vertebrae and a cephalad sacralization of
      one to four lumbar vertebrae. In the apes, sacralization is not total and
      different stages that are intermediate between lumbar and sacral are described.
      In Homo sapiens there is a total sacralization of the last two original lumbar
      vertebrae. In addition, development of the sacral wings (alae) is minimal in apes
      and reaches its maximum in hominids. The tendency of the hominoid sacrum to
      incorporate the last lumbar vertebrae and to widen markedly provides for an
      enhanced articulation of the sacrum with the ilium and offers a firm base of
      support for the trunk during erect posture. This is necessary for the support of
      the weight of the trunk above the sacrum and for the stabilization of the body
      during bipedal posture and locomotion. Encephalization did not play any major
      role in the widening of the sacrum since the former by far preceded the latter.

PMID- 3688212
TI  - Cardiac myocyte guanosine transport and metabolism.
AB  - Guanosine transport and metabolism were examined in adult rat cardiac myocytes.
      Myocytes transported guanosine via saturable [Km = 18 microM, maximum velocity
      (Vmax) = 3.61 pmol.mg-1.s-1] and nonsaturable (rate constant = 1.47 X 10(-2]
      processes. The saturable process was inhibited by nitrobenzyl-thioinosine,
      inosine [inhibition constant (Ki) = 180 microM], and adenosine (Ki = 112 microM).
      Extracellular guanosine taken up by myocytes was slowly phosphorylated to guanine
      nucleotides. The majority of guanosine (98%) existed as free intracellular
      guanosine after 60 s. Countertransport of nucleosides could not be demonstrated
      in these cells at physiological concentrations in the presence of up to a 10-fold
      gradient of nucleoside. These studies indicate that adult rat cardiac myocytes
      can be used to assess myocardial guanosine transport separate from its
      metabolism. Comparable inhibition of guanosine and adenosine transport by each
      other and by inosine support the hypothesis that guanosine and adenosine are
      transported by a common carrier.

PMID- 3688213
TI  - Interactions of NIP-taurine, NAP-taurine, and Cl- with the human erythrocyte
      anion exchange system.
AB  - N-(4-isothiocyano-2-nitrophenyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonate (NIP-taurine), a newly
      synthesized isothiocyano derivative of N-(4-azido-2-nitrophenyl)-2
      aminoethanesulfonate (NAP-taurine), is a potent inhibitor of human erythrocyte
      chloride exchange. At 0 degrees C, the inhibition is reversible, but at 37
      degrees C, NIP-taurine inhibits irreversibly, indicating that it may be a useful
      label for its binding site. When present at the outside of the cell, NIP-taurine
      binds with low affinity to a site that seems to be the Cl- transport site (on the
      basis of its affinity for Cl-) and with much higher affinity to a different site,
      MN, which has a much lower affinity for Cl-. In this respect, NIP-taurine
      resembles NAP-taurine, and an analysis of interactions between these two probes
      is consistent with the idea that they bind to the same two sites. The affinity of
      NIP-taurine for the high-affinity MN site is enhanced by about fourfold when the
      transport protein, band 3, is in the conformation with the transport site facing
      outward (Eo), as compared with the conformation with the transport site facing
      inward (Ei). External Cl-, but not cytoplasmic Cl-, competes with NIP-taurine for
      binding to the external, high affinity site. Thus NIP-taurine provides a label
      for an external site, at which Cl- and perhaps other anions bind, which is
      separate from both the transport site and the cytoplasmic modifier site at which
      high Cl- concentrations inhibit Cl- exchange.

PMID- 3688214
TI  - Protamine alters apical membrane K+ and Cl- permeability in gallbladder
      epithelium.
AB  - Protamine addition to the solution bathing the mucosal side of Necturus
      gallbladder epithelium (25-100 mg/l) caused depolarization of both cell
      membranes, a mucosa-negative change in transepithelial voltage, an increase in
      the apical membrane resistance (Ra) followed by a decrease, and a monotonic
      increase in transepithelial resistance (Rt). In protamine (25 mg/l), the change
      in apical membrane voltage elicited by elevating mucosal solution [K+] from 2.5
      to 92.5 mM was reduced from 66 +/-2 to 38 +/- 5 mV (P less than 0.001). The K+
      induced fall in Ra was also reduced in protamine. These effects could also be
      elicited by elevating mucosal solution [K+] simultaneously with the addition of
      protamine and by transient addition of protamine during exposure to the high K+
      medium. The effect of protamine on the electrodiffusive Cl- permeability of the
      apical membrane (PCl) was studied both in control and forskolin-treated tissues.
      In the absence of forskolin, the hyperpolarization of Vmc produced by lowering
      mucosal [Cl-] to 10 mM was reversed to a small depolarization; in forskolin, the
      initial depolarization produced by lowering [Cl-] was significantly increased.
      Finally, exposure to protamine in the absence of forskolin produced an initial
      fall in intracellular Cl- activity. Our results indicate that protamine decreases
      apical membrane K+ permeability and increases apical membrane PCl. The time
      course of the effects of protamine suggests the possibility of an initial effect
      on surface potential, followed by secondary actions mediated by intracellular
      events.

PMID- 3688215
TI  - Effect of plasma membrane fluidity on serotonin transport by endothelial cells.
AB  - To evaluate the effect of plasma membrane fluidity of lung endothelial cells on
      serotonin transport, porcine pulmonary artery endothelial cells were incubated
      for 3 h with either 0.1 mM cholesterol hemisuccinate, 0.1 mM cis-vaccenic acid,
      or vehicle (control), after which plasma membrane fluidity and serotonin
      transport were measured. Fluorescence spectroscopy was used to measure fluidity
      in the plasma membrane. Serotonin uptake was calculated from the disappearance of
      [14C]-serotonin from the culture medium. Cholesterol decreased fluidity in the
      subpolar head group and central and midacyl side-chain regions of the plasma
      membrane and decreased serotonin transport, whereas cis-vaccenic acid increased
      fluidity in the central and midacyl side-chain regions of the plasma membrane and
      also increased serotonin transport. Cis-vaccenic acid had no effect on fluidity
      in the subpolar head group region of the plasma membrane. These results provide
      evidence that the physical state of the central and midacyl chains within the
      pulmonary artery endothelial cell plasma membrane lipid bilayer modulates
      transmembrane transport of serotonin by these cells.

PMID- 3688216
TI  - Regulation of ovarian ornithine decarboxylase by human chorionic gonadotrophin.
AB  - Treatment of 29-day-old female Sprague-Dawley rats with human chorionic
      gonadotrophin (hCG) produced a large and rapid increase in the activity of
      ornithine decarboxylase. Measurements that use a specific radioimmunoassay showed
      that the increased activity could be accounted for by a parallel change in the
      amount of ornithine decarboxylase protein. The increased protein content was
      caused by an increased rate of synthesis, since the half-life of ornithine
      decarboxylase was not changed by the hormone treatment. The content of mRNA for
      ornithine decarboxylase was determined by hybridization with a cDNA probe, and it
      was found that the increased amount of protein was correlated with a change in
      the amount of mRNA. These results indicate that treatment with hCG induces
      ornithine decarboxylase in the rat ovary by increasing the production or the
      stability of the mRNA for this enzyme. The increased amount of ornithine
      decarboxylase led to an increase in putrescine in the ovary but did not increase
      the content of the polyamines spermidine and spermine. These findings show that,
      despite its rapid and large scale induction, ornithine decarboxylase is not the
      rate-limiting step that determines the content of these polyamines in this
      tissue. They also suggest that putrescine itself may play an important role in
      the ovary.

PMID- 3688217
TI  - SITS-sensitive Cl- conductance pathway in chick intestinal cells.
AB  - The unidirectional influx of 36Cl- into isolated chick epithelial cells is 30%
      inhibited by 300 microM SITS. Characteristics of the SITS-sensitive flux pathway
      were examined in terms of sensitivity to changes in membrane potential and
      intracellular pH. Potential dependence was evaluated using unidirectional influx
      of [14C]tetraphenylphosphonium ([14C]-TPP+) as a qualitative sensor of diffusion
      potentials created by experimentally imposed gradients of Cl-. Steady-state
      distribution of [14C]methylamine ([14C]MA) was used to examine for Cl(-)
      dependent changes in intracellular pH. Imposed Na+ gradients, but not Cl-
      gradients, induce changes in [14C]MA distribution. SITS does not alter the
      [14C]MA distribution observed in cells with imposed gradients of Na+ and Cl-.
      Both results suggest that inhibition of Cl(-)-OH- exchange system is not the
      basis for the SITS effect on Cl- influx. However, if relative permeabilities for
      ion pairs via conductance pathways are compared, it can be shown that SITS causes
      a marked reduction of Pcl relative to either PNa or PK. SITS also inhibits
      electrically induced influx of [14C]TPP+ or [14C] alpha-methylglucoside driven by
      imposed Cl- gradients. Conversely, electrically driven Cl- influx can be blocked
      by SITS. These observations are all consistent with a SITS-sensitive Cl-
      conductance pathway associated with the plasma membrane of chick intestinal
      cells. No Cl(-)-OH- exchange capability can be detected for chick intestinal
      cells.

PMID- 3688218
TI  - Biochemical and structural changes in cultured heart cells induced by metabolic
      inhibition.
AB  - We examined the relationship between ionic homeostasis, ATP, and irreversible
      cell injury in cultured embryonic chick heart cells treated with rotenone (10(-4)
      M) alone or in combination with iodoacetate (IAA) (10(-3) M), in the presence of
      extracellular calcium (Ca0) (2.7 mM) and its nominal absence. Changes in Na, K,
      and total cell Ca content did not correlate with parameters indicative of
      irreversible injury, i.e., ultrastructural damage or lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
      release. Because structural defects in the plasma membrane occurred without a
      significant release of LDH after exposure to rotenone plus IAA for 1 h, LDH
      release appears to be a relatively late event in cell injury. In addition, cells
      exposed to rotenone in the presence of Ca0 for 2.5 h showed a significant fall in
      ATP and a rise in LDH release. This response was attenuated in the nominal
      absence of Ca0, and the addition of rotenone caused an eightfold increase in
      intracellular sodium (Nai), whereas in the presence of Ca0, Nai increased only
      threefold in 2.5 h. Thus Ca0 appears to promote Nai-Ca0 exchange and lead to an
      increase in cell Ca that can then stimulate ATP breakdown by Ca-activated
      ATPases. Of the measured variables associated with myocardial cell injury, a
      decline in ATP correlates best with changes in either LDH or morphology. The
      apparent lack of correlation between changes in intracellular ion content, LDH
      release, and morphology supports the conclusion that myocardial cell injury is a
      multifactorial process.

PMID- 3688220
TI  - Fura-2 fluorescence is localized to mitochondria in endothelial cells.
AB  - The new, highly fluorescent, calcium-sensitive dye, fura-2, can be loaded
      nondisruptively into intact cells by means of its permeant ester and used to
      measure the free calcium ion concentration in individual cells. For fura-2 to
      signal cytosolic calcium, it must be distributed homogeneously and exclusively
      throughout the cytoplasmic space. However, microscopic examination of bovine
      aortic endothelial cells loaded with fura-2 by exposure to its permeant ester
      reveals fluorescence associated with discrete intracellular structures rather
      than the homogeneous distribution expected for a cytosolic stain. Simultaneous
      labeling of bovine aortic endothelial cells with fura-2 and rhodamine 123 (a
      mitochondrial fluorescent vital stain) identifies these structures as
      mitochondria. Subcellular dye localizations are not observed when the cells are
      loaded with other putative cytosolic stains that gain access to the cytosol by
      means of a membrane permeant ester. Both carboxyfluorescein and indo-1 (another
      member of the family of second generation calcium indicators) stain the cytoplasm
      diffusely. It is suggested that fura-2 fluorescence accumulates in certain cells
      in association with mitochondria. It is important to assess the intracellular
      distribution of fura-2 when this indicator is used to measure the free cytosolic
      calcium ion concentration.

PMID- 3688219
TI  - (Na + K + 2Cl) cotransport in cultured embryonic chick heart cells.
AB  - The coupled movements of Na, K, and Cl were studied in cultured chick embryonic
      heart cells using ion-selective microelectrodes. Movements of K and Cl in
      response to changes in extracellular [K] ([K]o) showed a furosemide-sensitive
      coupled process. The movement of Na was then studied. Lowering extracellular [Na]
      ([Na]o) to 27 mM caused a decrease in intracellular Cl activity (aicl). Upon
      restoring [Na]o to 143 mM, Cl was taken up against its electrochemical gradient
      (delta mu Cl). In Cl-free solution, cells lost Na against delta mu Na and
      simultaneously lost Cl. Upon restoring extracellular [Cl] ([Cl]o), Cl was taken
      up against delta mu Cl; this was accompanied by an uptake of Na. The Cl uptake
      was 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (SITS)-insensitive
      (0.1 mM) but inhibited by removing Nao. Both Cl and Na uptakes were potentiated
      by raising [K]o from 5.4 to 15 mM, and Na uptake was diminished by lowering [K]o
      to 1 mM. In all experiments, Cl and Na movements were furosemide (0.3 mM) or
      bumetanide-sensitive (0.1 mM). Removal of Nao, with resultant depletion of
      intracellular [Na] ([Na]i), blocked the furosemide or bumetanide-sensitive Cl
      loss or uptake upon exposure to zero or 133 mM [K]o + SITS (0.1 mM),
      respectively. These results suggest that cultured heart cells possess an
      electroneutral (Na + K + 2Cl) cotransport.

PMID- 3688221
TI  - Study of ketone body kinetics in children by a combined perfusion of 13C and 2H3
      tracers.
AB  - Ketone body kinetics were quantified in six children (3-5 yr old), who were
      fasted for 13-22 h, by a combined perfusion of [3-13C]acetoacetate ([13C]AcAc)
      and D-(-)-beta-[4,4,4-2H3]hydroxybutyrate (beta-[2H3]OHB) and gas chromatography
      mass spectrometry analysis. Results were analyzed according to the "single-pool"
      (combined enrichments) or the "two-accessible pools" models. After 20-22 h of
      fasting, ketone body turnover rate was 30-50 mumol.kg-1.min-1, a rate achieved
      after several days of fasting in adults. At low ketosis, acetoacetate was the
      ketone body preferentially synthesized de novo and utilized irreversibly. When
      ketosis increased, acetoacetate irreversible disposal was not enhanced, since it
      was largely converted into beta-OHB, whereas beta-OHB irreversible disposal was
      very much increased. The single-pool and two-pool models gave similar ketone body
      turnover rates when [13C]AcAc was the tracer, whereas the use of beta-[2H3]OHB
      gave some more divergent results, especially at low ketosis. These studies
      demonstrate that ketogenesis is very active in short-term fasted children and
      that the use of a combined infusion of [13C]AcAc and beta-[2H3]OHB is a
      convenient way to give insight into individual ketone body kinetics.

PMID- 3688222
TI  - Sympathetic activity in brown adipose tissue in lactating mice.
AB  - Sympathetic activity has been assessed, by measurements of norepinephrine
      turnover, in interscapular brown adipose tissue of mice during lactation.
      Norepinephrine turnover was reduced in brown adipose tissue from early lactation
      until weaning. The reduction in turnover occurred in dams suckling either large
      or small-sized litters. Norepinephrine turnover returned to the control level
      after natural weaning and increased rapidly after abrupt weaning at peak
      lactation. Acute exposure to cold resulted in a large increase in norepinephrine
      turnover in brown adipose tissue of lactating mice, as in control animals. These
      results indicate that sympathetic activity is suppressed in brown adipose tissue
      during lactation, but sympathetic responsiveness is retained. The reduction in
      sympathetic activity is likely to be responsible for the decrease in brown
      adipose tissue thermogenesis in lactation. Norepinephrine turnover in the heart
      tended to be reduced at peak lactation, suggesting that there may be a general
      decrease in sympathetic activity in the lactating animal. In contrast to the
      normal animal, the hyperphagia of lactation does not lead to an activation of the
      sympathetic nervous system.

PMID- 3688223
TI  - Rat hepatic mRNA-S14 and lipogenic enzymes during weaning: role of S14 in
      lipogenesis.
AB  - The rapid and marked response of hepatic mRNA-S14 sequence to both
      triiodothyronine and carbohydrate intake has made this sequence an attractive
      model for studying the action of hormonal and dietary factors. Because it is
      highly expressed and regulated only in lipogenic tissues, we have suggested that
      it plays a role in some aspect of lipid synthesis, transport, or metabolism. To
      provide more precise information regarding the function of S14 we have measured
      lipogenesis, lipogenic enzymes, beta-oxidation, and mRNA-S14 levels in
      spontaneously weaning neonatal rats and in rats prematurely weaned to a
      laboratory diet on postnatal day 17. After birth, the levels of lipogenesis, mRNA
      S14, and the lipogenic enzymes malic enzyme (ME) and fatty acid synthase (FAS)
      were almost undetectable but increased with the onset of spontaneous weaning.
      Coincident with these changes, beta-oxidation decreased. Premature weaning
      beginning on day 17 resulted in an earlier and even more marked increase in
      lipogenesis, ME, FAS, and mRNA-S14. On day 19, ME and FAS activities were 6- to
      19-fold more than activities in control suckling pups, whereas mRNA-S14 levels
      had risen to greater than 100 times the control values. Thus directional shifts
      in mRNA-S14 corresponded with indices of lipogenesis and were opposite to indices
      reflecting beta-oxidation. The response of mRNA-S14 therefore suggests that it
      may be related to the synthesis of fatty acids. On the other hand, the level of
      lipogenesis in the fetus was high despite the fact that the levels of both mRNA
      S14 and ME were low. This dissociation raises the possibility that the S14
      protein participates in lipogenesis in the neonate and adult but not in the
      fetus.

PMID- 3688225
TI  - Models to interpret kinetic data in stable isotope tracer studies.
AB  - In contrast to "weightless" radioactive tracers, stable isotope tracers have
      nonnegligible mass and are naturally present in the system, and the measured
      variable is a ratio of two isotopic species. These features do not allow stable
      isotopic tracer data analysis using straightforward analogy with radioactive
      tracer approaches, even though this practice is common. In this study, we present
      kinetic variables, models, and measurements for the analysis and interpretation
      of stable isotope tracer data. Assumptions and mathematical techniques for
      modeling the data when perturbation is both nonnegligible and negligible are
      discussed. Emphasis is placed on the rich information content of the dynamic
      portion of a stable isotope tracer curve and on the role of compartmental and
      noncompartmental modeling approaches for its interpretation. A presumed and
      commonly used analogy between the radioactive specific activity and stable
      isotopic enrichment is shown to be incorrect. We show that the proper analogue of
      specific activity is the tracer-to-tracee molar ratio. This variable is not a
      directly measurable one, but a formula is derived that allows its computation
      from the data. A method for reconstructing the time course in blood of the
      concentration component due to endogenous synthesis is presented. This allows
      measurement of the extent of the perturbation in the case where a nonweightless
      tracer is used. Special attention is given to data analysis originating from a
      multiple tracer experiment, a configuration necessary for studying more complex
      systems, e.g., the kinetics of interacting substrates.

PMID- 3688224
TI  - Regulation of urea production by glucose infusion in vivo.
AB  - We have investigated the acute in vivo regulation of urea production in normal
      postabsorptive volunteers by administering a primed constant infusion of 15N2
      urea to measure urea production during the constant intravenous infusion of
      equivalent molar quantities of exogenous nitrogen, given as alanine or glutamine,
      either with or without a simultaneous infusion of glucose at 4 mg.kg-.min-1.
      These responses were compared with the response to the infusion of glucose alone.
      Both amino acid infusions elicited significant (P less than 0.05) and identical
      (26%) increases in urea production over 4 h. When the glucose infusion was added
      to the amino acid infusions, urea production remained constant, despite the
      comparable increases in plasma total nonessential amino nitrogen, as were
      observed with the amino acid infusions alone. Glucose infused alone elicited a
      significant (P less than 0.05) reduction (18%) in urea production but no
      corresponding change in plasma total amino nitrogen. We conclude that 1) infused
      glucose or its hormonal response suppresses urea production by blunting the
      normal hepatic ureagenic response to a fixed nitrogen load, 2) this suppressive
      effect is not mediated via a reduction in substrate (nitrogen) supply, and 3) the
      inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis from amino acids represents one component
      of this suppressive effect, and direct suppression of urea cycle activity
      probably represents another component.

PMID- 3688226
TI  - Determinants of resting and passive intestinal vascular pressures in rat and
      rabbit.
AB  - Microvascular pressures in the intestinal arteries, submucosal arterioles, and
      mucosal venules were measured in rats and rabbits at rest and during maximum
      dilation. From these data and Doppler velocimetry measurements of relative
      changes in whole organ blood flow on maximum dilation, it was possible to
      determine to what extent microvascular pressures at rest depend on the active
      control and passive hemodynamic characteristics of specific vascular segments.
      New Zealand White rabbits (2-3 kg body wt) had a mean arterial pressure of 70-75
      mmHg. However, pressures in arterioles of both species became equivalent at the
      second order of arteriolar branching within the bowel wall, and pressures in the
      smallest mucosal venules were 13.7 +/- 0.6 (SE) mmHg in rabbits and 14.9 +/- 0.3
      mmHg in rats. Maximum vasodilation to approximately 300% of the control blood
      flow increased mucosal venule pressures approximately 10 mmHg in rats compared
      with approximately 4 mmHg in rabbits. The increased mucosal venule pressure
      during vasodilation was primarily due to increased pressures within the
      submucosal small arterioles, which immediately precede the villus vasculature in
      both species. The increased blood flow during vasodilation was due primarily to a
      decreased resistance of the small arteries and large arterioles, even though
      pressures in these larger vessels changed only approximately 10%. This situation
      allows a major decrease in intestinal vascular resistance to substantially
      increase blood flow with a minimal increase in mucosal microvascular pressures.

PMID- 3688227
TI  - Increased lymphocyte transport by lipid absorption in rat mesenteric lymphatics.
AB  - The effect of olive oil administration on lymphocyte transport through mesenteric
      lymphatics was examined to see the possible involvement of nutritional absorption
      in lymphocyte traffic from the intestinal mucosa. After the olive oil
      administration to rats, remarkable increase in lymphocyte flux was observed
      within 2 h in lymph samples collected from rats with lymphatic fistula. The use
      of a high-speed microscopic video system made it possible to analyze accurately
      the lymphocyte transport in rapid movement that could not be detected by any of
      the ordinary video systems. The direct observation of mesenteric collecting
      lymphatics by this system showed an increment of lymphocyte transport from the
      intestinal mucosa by lipid absorption in 2 h. The contraction frequency of
      intestinal collecting lymphatics was also enhanced by olive oil administration.
      The densitometric analysis on video image was applied to estimate the extent of
      lipid absorption. The combination of a high-speed video system and the
      densitometric analysis revealed that the increase in lymphocyte flux occurred
      before lipid absorption reached its maximum and also demonstrated that the
      lymphocyte transport returned to control levels under the maximal absorptive
      condition. The results suggest that the fat absorption could be an important
      factor influencing the lymphocyte transport in the lymphatic system of intestine.

PMID- 3688228
TI  - gamma-Aminobutyric acid stimulates acid secretion from the isolated guinea pig
      stomach.
AB  - gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) content was measured, and the effect of GABA on
      acid secretion was studied using the everted preparation of isolated guinea pig
      stomachs. GABA contents in the mucosa layer and the remaining layer were 20-24
      nmol/g tissue and 34-42 nmol/g tissue, respectively. GABA at 10(-6) to 3 X 10(-5)
      M induced acid secretion, and the maximum secretion was obtained at 3 X 10(-5) M,
      that is approximately 1.6-fold of the spontaneous secretion and approximately
      half of the amount secreted by histamine at 3 X 10(-4) M. The GABA-induced acid
      secretion was inhibited by bicuculline, scopolamine, pirenzepine, proglumide, and
      tetrodotoxin, but not by cimetidine. Muscimol (3 X 10 to 10(-5) M), but not
      baclofen, induced acid secretion in a concentration-dependent manner. The
      responses to GABA and muscimol were antagonized by bicuculline. Scopolamine and
      tetrodotoxin completely inhibited the acid secretion induced by low
      concentrations of GABA and muscimol and to some extent the response induced by
      high concentrations of muscimol. All these results indicate that GABA induces
      acid secretion via the A type of GABA receptor, probably located mainly on the
      cholinergic neurons and partially on the nonneuronal cells in the guinea pig
      stomach.

PMID- 3688229
TI  - Effect of chloroquine on intestinal lipid metabolism.
AB  - Most studies that have quantitated recovery of infused lipid in the intestinal
      mucosa and mesenteric lymph have only been able to recapture 50-75%. One
      possibility is that the missing lipid enters a triacylglycerol (TG) storage pool
      in the enterocyte and is hydrolyzed by lysosomal lipase, and the free fatty acid
      released is transported by the portal vein. This postulate was tested by
      comparing glyceryl trioleate (TO)-infused rats pretreated with the lysosomotropic
      drug, chloroquine (6.3 mg.kg-1.h-1) with saline controls. Chloroquine increased
      mucosal TG from 94 +/- 6 to 128 +/- 8 mumol. Additionally, the specific activity
      of the mucosal TG relative to the infused [3H]TO was reduced in the treated rats.
      The mucosal TG increase was not due to impaired TG output, which remained the
      same as controls. We conclude that the TG in the acid lipase-sensitive pool
      derives most of its glyceride-glycerol from endogenous sources. Furthermore, the
      increment in mucosal TG caused by chloroquine is not enough to explain the
      majority of the acyl groups unaccounted for in the mucosa and lymph after a TG
      infusion. For these a direct passage of acyl groups through the enterocyte is
      postulated.

PMID- 3688230
TI  - Influence of motilin and cholecystokinin on sphincter of Oddi and duodenal
      mobility.
AB  - The sphincter of Oddi and the duodenum exhibit cyclical activity in phase with
      the migrating myoelectric complex. Both motilin and cholecystokinin have been
      shown to modulate gastrointestinal and sphincter of Oddi motility. However,
      previous studies have not monitored the effects of these hormones on
      simultaneously recorded sphincter of Oddi and duodenum pressures. The present
      investigation was undertaken, therefore, to determine the influence of both
      motilin and cholecystokinin on simultaneously recorded sphincter of Oddi and
      duodenal motility. In seven anesthetized prairie dogs, a triple-lumen, side-hole,
      pressure-monitored perfusion catheter was positioned with the proximal port in
      the sphincter of Oddi and the distal port in the duodenal lumen. Sphincter of
      Oddi and duodenal motility was recorded before and during 20-min infusions of
      motilin and cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) at 1, 10, and 100 ng.kg-1.min-1.
      Both hormones produced dose-related increases in sphincter of Oddi and duodenal
      motility. No response was observed with either hormone at 1 ng.kg-1.min-1. At 10
      ng.kg-1.min-1, the duodenum was slightly more sensitive to motilin than to CCK-8,
      while the sphincter of Oddi was equally affected by both hormones. At 100 ng.kg
      1.min-1, both hormones stimulated the sphincter of Oddi and the duodenum equally.
      These data indicate that in the prairie dog, both motilin and cholecystokinin
      stimulate sphincter of Oddi and duodenal motility.

PMID- 3688231
TI  - Giant migrating contractions and their myoelectric correlates in the small
      intestine.
AB  - We investigated the characteristics of spontaneously and pharmacologically
      induced giant migrating contractions (GMC) in the small intestine of conscious
      dogs. Myoelectric and contractile activities were recorded from eight sites, 40
      70 cm apart, by surgically implanted bipolar electrodes and strain-gauge
      transducers, respectively. In addition to the usual phasic contractions in the
      fasted state, we observed spontaneous GMCs that generally originated in the mid
      or distal small intestine and migrated caudad. These contractions occurred
      infrequently and irregularly. The amplitude and duration of these giant
      contractions were severalfold larger than those of usual phasic contractions
      during phase III activity. The giant contractions migrated caudad at a velocity
      of approximately 1 cm/s. These contractions were preceded and followed by a
      period of inhibition of spontaneous motor activity. Some dogs whined and showed
      restlessness when giant contractions originated in the mid to upper small
      intestine. Intravenous morphine at 20, 50, 100, and 200 micrograms.kg-1 .h-1 or
      gastric instillation of 100 ml of 60% vinegar solution also initiated GMCs whose
      characteristics were similar to those of spontaneous GMCs. The GMC in response to
      these stimuli originated at more proximal sites than the spontaneous giant
      contractions. The GMC in response to morphine infusions occurred repeatedly, but
      in response to vinegar they occurred only once as a burst of contractions. These
      agents did not induce GMCs in the fed state. In most cases, the upstroke of a
      giant contraction was associated with a brief burst of electrical response
      activity. In some cases the burst of response activity lasted for the entire
      duration of giant contractions.

PMID- 3688232
TI  - Production and degradation of calcitriol in renal failure rats.
AB  - We studied the metabolism of calcitriol in renal failure achieved by nephrectomy
      in three groups of rats. Group 1 (n = 7) had sham operation of nephrectomy. Group
      2 (n = 8) had unilateral nephrectomy. Group 3 (n = 7) had 5/6 nephrectomy.
      Metabolic clearance rate (MCR) and production rate (PR) of calcitriol were
      studied 3 wk after the surgery. Serum creatinine concentrations were increased
      after nephrectomy for groups 2 and 3. Endogenous plasma levels of calcitriol were
      not different between the rats with renal failure and the controls. MCR of
      calcitriol were decreased in renal failure rats compared with controls (group 1,
      0.24 +/- 0.01; group 2, 0.20 +/- 0.01, P less than 0.01; group 3, 0.16 +/- 0.01
      ml.min-1.kg-1, P less than 0.001). The MCR of calcitriol was correlated with the
      endogenous creatinine clearance by linear regression analysis (r = 0.72, P less
      than 0.001). The PR of calcitriol were also decreased in renal failure; however,
      the decreases were much less than the amount of renal tissue removed. We
      concluded that production of calcitriol is decreased in the remnant kidney. The
      decreased synthesis is associated with decreased degradation of calcitriol
      resulting in normal concentrations of calcitriol in mild to moderately severe
      renal failure.

PMID- 3688233
TI  - Passive, one-dimensional countercurrent models do not simulate hypertonic urine
      formation.
AB  - Simulations were performed to test the ability of the countercurrent hypothesis
      to predict measured concentrations of NaCl and urea in the interstitium of the
      renal medulla. The simulations included one-dimensional representations of loops
      of Henle, distal tubules, collecting ducts, and vasa recta, and recent estimates
      of descending limb, thick ascending limb, and collecting duct transport
      parameters. The nonlinear two-point boundary value problem was solved numerically
      via quasi-linearization. The simulations failed to predict measured
      concentrations or concentration gradients of NaCl in the inner medulla. Including
      countertransport of urea and NaCl in thin ascending limbs added minimally to the
      performance of the system. The single most effective change in the model was the
      inclusion of a coefficient to permit preferential solute exchange among vasa
      recta. This result suggests that the three-dimensional ordering of blood vessels
      and tubules is an essential construct in the concentrating mechanism.

PMID- 3688234
TI  - Importance of chloride for the correction of chronic metabolic alkalosis in the
      rat.
AB  - To determine whether chloride repletion without sodium could correct chronic
      chloride depletion metabolic alkalosis (CDA) in Sprague-Dawley rats without
      volume expansion and without increasing glomerular filtration rate (GFR), CDA was
      generated by peritoneal dialysis (PD) against 0.15 M NaHCO3 and maintained for 7
      10 days by a chloride-restricted diet supplemented with sodium and potassium
      salts. Control animals were dialyzed against Ringer bicarbonate. The maintenance
      period of chronic CDA, compared with control, was characterized by hypokalemic
      metabolic alkalosis (serum TCO2 31.9 +/- 0.6 vs. 23.1 +/- 0.5 meq/l, P less than
      0.05), volume contraction (plasma volume 3.76 +/- 0.08 vs. 4.19 +/- 0.22 ml/100 g
      body wt, P less than 0.05), decreased GFR (838 +/- 84 vs. 1045 +/- 45
      microliters.min-1.100 g body wt-1, P less than 0.05), increased plasma renin
      activity (PRA) (63 +/- 13 vs. 12 +/- 3 ng.ml-1.h-1, P less than 0.05), but
      unchanged plasma aldosterone concentrations (PAC) (4.1 +/- 1.0 vs. 3.4 +/- 1.6
      ng/dl, P = NS). Complete correction of chronic CDA was accomplished by 24 h of
      ingestion of choline chloride drink, and despite negative sodium balance, neutral
      potassium balance, continued bicarbonate ingestion, and persistent volume
      contraction (plasma volume 3.76 +/- 0.08 vs. 3.73 +/- 0.12 ml/100 g body wt pre-
      and postcorrection, P = NS), GFR remained decreased (659 +/- 87 vs. 1,045 +/- 45
      microliters.min-1.100 g body wt-1, P less than 0.05), PRA decreased (63 +/- 13
      vs. 33 +/- 5 ng.ml-1.h-1, P less than 0.05), but PAC did not change (4.1 +/- 1.0
      vs. 6.1 +/- 1.6 ng/dl, P = NS) after correction of CDA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3688235
TI  - Transport of tetraethylammonium by rabbit renal brush-border and basolateral
      membrane vesicles.
AB  - Brush-border and basolateral membrane vesicles (BBMV and BLMV, respectively) from
      rabbit renal cortex were used to study transport of the organic cation,
      tetraethylammonium (TEA). Outwardly directed proton gradients stimulated uptake
      of TEA into BBMV and supported concentrative accumulation. Furthermore, an
      inwardly directed H+ gradient accelerated TEA efflux from BBMV. These data
      suggest that TEA transport in BBMV involved exchange with H+. The Jmax and Kt for
      TEA transport into BBMV under pH equilibrium conditions (pH 7.5) were 2.1 nmol.mg
      1.min-1 and 0.15 mM, respectively. Under pH gradient conditions (6.0in:7.5out),
      Jmax increased by 270% with no effect on Kt. Uptake of TEA into BBMV was
      stimulated by an inside-positive electrical potential difference (PD), although
      exchange of TEA for H+ appeared to be one for one. In BLMV, H+ gradients had
      little effect on TEA uptake and were incapable of supporting concentrative
      transport. The Jmax and Kt for TEA transport in BLMV were 0.33 nmol.mg-1.min-1
      and 0.37 mM, respectively. Inside-negative PDs stimulated this uptake, suggesting
      that it involved an electrically conductive pathway. TEA transport in BBMV and
      BLMV was inhibited by amiloride and cimetidine, although p-aminohippuric acid was
      without effect. Thus, secretion of TEA involves carrier-mediated transport steps
      at both the luminal and peritubular membranes, although an active step is not
      evident in isolated BLMV.

PMID- 3688236
TI  - Adrenal medullary regulation of rat renal cortical adrenergic receptors.
AB  - The role of the adrenal medulla in the regulation of renal cortical adrenergic
      receptors was investigated in renal cortical particulate fractions from control
      rats and rats 6 wk after adrenal demedullation. The specific binding of
      [3H]prazosin, [3H]rauwolscine, and [125I]iodocyanopindolol were used to
      quantitate alpha 1-, alpha 2-, and beta-adrenergic receptors, respectively.
      Adrenal demedullation increased the concentration of all three groups of renal
      adrenergic receptors; maximal number of binding sites (Bmax, per milligram
      membrane protein) for alpha 1-, and alpha 2-, and beta-adrenergic receptors were
      increased by 22, 18.5, and 25%, respectively (P less than 0.05 for each). No
      differences were found in the equilibrium dissociation constants (KD) for any of
      the radioligands. Plasma corticosterone and plasma and renal norepinephrine
      levels were unchanged, whereas plasma epinephrine was decreased 72% by adrenal
      demedullation (P less than 0.01); renal cortical epinephrine was not detectable
      in control or demedullated animals. Our results suggest that, in the
      physiological state, the adrenal medulla modulates the number of renal cortical
      adrenergic receptors, presumably through the actions of a circulating factor such
      as epinephrine.

PMID- 3688237
TI  - Hormonal regulation of gluconeogenesis in cultured proximal tubular cells: role
      of cytosolic calcium.
AB  - Gluconeogenic competence of primary cultures of canine renal proximal tubular
      cells has been examined. Cells grown in 5 mM glucose media or in glucose-free
      media exhibited pyruvate-stimulated glucose production, as opposed to cells grown
      in 20 mM glucose media. By 72 h after the last media change, confluent cells
      grown in 5 mM glucose medium turn from a predominantly glycolytic to an oxidative
      type of metabolism. By this time, glucose production exhibited pH, 3
      mercaptopicolinate, and insulin sensitivity. Parathyroid hormone, angiotensin II,
      and phenylephrine stimulated glucose production in a nonadditive fashion. Single
      cell cystolic Ca2+ measurements using microspectrofluorometric techniques
      revealed that all three hormones elicited Ca2+ transients in proximal tubular
      cells. Ionomycin stimulated glucose production by proximal tubular cells,
      suggesting that Ca2+ transients could represent a sufficient stimulus for glucose
      production. When hormone-induced Ca2+ transients were curtailed by a pretreatment
      with the membrane-permeant Ca2+ chelator, Maptam, hormonal stimulation of glucose
      production was abolished, suggesting that Ca2+ transients represent not only a
      sufficient, but a necessary event in the stimulation of glucose production by
      these hormones.

PMID- 3688238
TI  - Vasopressin effects on urea and H2O transport in inner medullary collecting duct
      subsegments.
AB  - The inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) is widely viewed as a single renal
      tubule segment with homogeneous properties. However, recent morphological and
      functional studies have raised the possibility that the initial and terminal
      parts of the IMCD may differ. To test this possibility further and to localize
      sites of action of arginine vasopressin (AVP) along the IMCD, we measured osmotic
      water permeability (Pf) and urea permeability (Purea) in isolated perfused rat
      IMCDs. In the initial third of the IMCD, 10 nM AVP increased Pf from 16 +/- 8 to
      148 +/- 50 micron/s. The terminal two-thirds of the IMCD had a significantly
      higher basal Pf (70 +/- 12 micron/s), which increased to 186 +/- 25 micron/s with
      AVP. The initial IMCD had a relatively low basal Purea (3 +/- 1 X 10(-5) cm/s),
      which did not change with AVP. The terminal IMCD had a significantly higher basal
      Purea (17 +/- 4 X 10(-5) cm/s), which increased to a very high value (69 +/- 15 X
      10(-5) cm/s) with AVP. The results support the premise that (from the point of
      view of vasopressin effects on water and urea transport) there are two
      functionally distinct parts of the inner medullary collecting duct: an initial
      part that resembles the cortical or outer medullary portions of the mammalian
      collecting duct and a terminal part that resembles the toad urinary bladder. The
      significance of these findings for the urinary concentrating mechanism is
      discussed.

PMID- 3688240
TI  - NMR monitoring of intracellular sodium in dog and rabbit kidney-tubules.
AB  - 23Na-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used to monitor intra- and
      extracellular sodium in suspensions of dog cortical tubules, rabbit cortical
      tubules, and dog thick ascending limbs. The NMR visibility of the intracellular
      sodium was determined by comparing the NMR and flame photometry results and by
      redistributing the sodium ions between the intra- and extracellular compartments
      using the ionophore nystatin (influx) or sodium substitution for choline in the
      extracellular fluid (efflux). The intracellular sodium visibility was
      approximately 30% for the total sodium and 58% for the transportable sodium.
      Addition of sodium to sodium-depleted homogenates of dog renal cortex also showed
      a loss of visibility. The values of the relaxation times T1 and T2 were
      determined but could not be correlated with the visibility measurements. The
      intracellular sodium concentration in dog cortical tubules incubated in optimal
      biochemical conditions was estimated at 51 mM and was dependent on the
      extracellular sodium concentration.

PMID- 3688239
TI  - Flow-dependent potassium secretion by rabbit cortical collecting tubule in vitro.
AB  - Cortical collecting tubules (CCT) dissected from rabbits fed a diet designed to
      stimulate potassium transport secreted potassium in direct proportion to the flow
      rate in the range of 0.4-3 nl/min (r = 0.79). This relationship was also evident
      in tubules from rabbits maintained on standard laboratory chow (r = 0.80). The
      slope of the line relating the two parameters was almost six times greater in
      tubules from animals fed the special diet. When the range of flow rates was
      expanded, potassium secretion in nine CCTs appeared to peak at 5-6 nl/min and
      then failed to increase despite further elevation of flow to nearly 15 nl/min. We
      investigated the effects of the electrical and chemical gradients on flow
      dependent potassium secretion. Because transepithelial voltage was unaffected by
      changes in axial flow, we conclude that the flow-dependent fraction of potassium
      secretion is not explained by the electrical gradient. To evaluate the role of
      luminal potassium concentration on flow-dependent potassium secretion, 11 CCTs
      were perfused with both 5 and 50 mM potassium solutions at two flow rates
      (approximately 1.5 and 4.0 nl/min). Increases in both potassium secretion (15.6
      +/- 3.9 peq.mm-1.min-1) and sodium reabsorption (11.9 +/- 5.2 peq.mm-1.min-1)
      were evident in the tubules perfused with 5 mM potassium. Potassium secretion was
      not reduced by 50 mM luminal potassium at the low flow rate when the largest
      chemical gradients opposing net secretion were generated. When 50 mM potassium
      was present in the lumen, increasing flow did not stimulate potassium
      secretion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3688241
TI  - Kinetics of bicarbonate transport in the early proximal convoluted tubule.
AB  - Bicarbonate permeability and bicarbonate transport kinetics in the S1 segment of
      the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) have not been previously studied. In vivo
      microperfusion at a rate of 30 nl/min was performed in early and late PCT of
      Munich-Wistar rats. Bicarbonate permeability was first defined, using a
      bicarbonate-free, acetazolamide-containing perfusate, and was over fourfold
      higher in the early compared with the late PCT (20.4 +/- 1.8 vs. 4.6 +/- 0.4 X
      10(-7) cm2/s, P less than 0.001). Net bicarbonate absorption was then measured
      using perfusate bicarbonate concentrations of 15, 25, 40, and 100 mM at 30 nl/min
      perfusion rate. Proton secretory rate was calculated for each group by
      subtracting the passive bicarbonate transport component from the net flux.
      Saturation kinetics of acidification were observed in both the early and late
      PCT. The maximal proton secretory rate at the highest luminal bicarbonate
      concentration (Vmax) in the early PCT was about twice that in the late PCT (504
      +/- 37 vs. 265 +/- 15 peq.mm-1.min-1, P less than 0.001). However, the luminal
      bicarbonate concentration eliciting half-maximal proton secretion (apparent Km)
      was approximately the same (11 mM) in the early and late PCT. In conclusion, the
      early PCT has a higher bicarbonate permeability and proton secretory capacity
      than the late PCT. Increased Vmax but axial constancy of Km suggests that there
      is amplification of similar transport mechanism(s) affecting bicarbonate
      absorption in S1 compared with S2 cells.

PMID- 3688242
TI  - Role of AVP in malignant DOC-salt hypertension: studies using vascular and
      antidiuretic antagonists.
AB  - To investigate the role of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the maintenance of blood
      pressure in deoxycorticosterone (DOC)-salt hypertension, the effects of specific
      pressor and antidiuretic antagonists of AVP were studied in conscious, freely
      moving rats with established malignant DOC-salt hypertension. Plasma AVP level
      was significantly higher in hypertensive than in normotensive animals (4.8 +/-
      1.0 vs. 2.0 +/- 0.3 fmol/ml, n = 5, P less than 0.02). Administration of d(CH2)5
      d-Leu-VAVP, 10 micrograms/kg, an AVP antagonist that blocked the antidiuretic,
      but not the pressor effect of exogenous AVP, induced diuresis, and caused a
      transient fall in blood pressure from 173 +/- 3 to 167 +/- 4 mmHg (n = 8, P less
      than 0.01) with a concomitant slight increase in heart rate. Similar changes were
      observed after administration of d(CH2)5Tyr(Et)VAVP, 10 micrograms/kg, an
      antidiuretic plus pressor antagonist of AVP. Intravenous injection of
      d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP, 10 micrograms/kg, a specific AVP pressor antagonist had no
      effect on blood pressure or heart rate, although it completely abolished the
      pressor response to exogenous AVP. Plasma renin activity remained suppressed
      following administration of all AVP antagonists. These findings suggest that if
      AVP should contribute to maintaining high blood pressure in malignant DOC-salt
      hypertension it would have to be the results of its antidiuretic and not its
      vasoconstrictor property.

PMID- 3688243
TI  - Electrolyte transport in a central core model of the renal medulla.
AB  - Transport of Na+, K+, Cl-, urea, and water is described in a central core model
      of the renal medulla. Equations for mass balance, Poiseuille flow, and the Nernst
      Planck equation describe the continuous behavior of the system along the
      medullary axis and along the distal nephron; the Kedem and Katchalsky
      phenomenology describes passive transmural transport; active transmural transport
      obeys Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Numerical solution of the differential equations
      shows that to a close approximation any combination of active Na+ and active Cl-
      transport can generate the same concentration profiles but will generate very
      different potential profiles, and consequently, very different K+ absorption in
      thick ascending limb of Henle's loop. If a net transport stoichiometry of 2 Cl-
      ions to 1 Na+ ion is selected for the pumps, an active Cl- transport rate of
      approximately 10,000 peq.s-1.cm-2 gives K+ and Na+ concentrations in early distal
      nephron and a medullary osmolality profile in reasonable agreement with
      experimental data.

PMID- 3688244
TI  - Changes in LV papillary muscle performance and myosin composition with aortic
      insufficiency in rats.
AB  - Aortic insufficiency was induced in rats. Left ventricular papillary muscle
      function was studied after 5, 12, and 40 wk and compared with the papillary
      muscles from sham-operated animals. The maximum unloaded velocity of shortening,
      Vmax, was decreased in the rats with aortic insufficiency relative to controls by
      15, 20, and 34% at 5, 12, and 40 wk, respectively. The decrease in Vmax occurred
      concomitantly with a change in the myosin isoenzyme composition such that the V1
      isoform content decreased and the V3 isoform increased. Relative to age-matched
      controls, the V3 content in the hearts with aortic insufficiency had increased by
      80, 180, and 125% at 5, 12, and 40 wk, respectively. The decrease in Vmax in the
      aortic insufficiency group muscles correlated with the change in myosin isozyme
      composition and could not be explained by changes in collagen content. Thus
      aortic insufficiency induced changes in myosin isozyme content and Vmax similar
      to those previously observed with aortic stenosis, thus suggesting a common
      mechanism of myocardial adaptation to different types of mechanical overload.

PMID- 3688245
TI  - Lesions of A1 noradrenergic cells affect AVP release and heart rate during
      hemorrhage.
AB  - The role of A1 noradrenergic cells of the ventrolateral medulla in the changes in
      mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and plasma arginine vasopressin
      (AVP) after slow continuous hemorrhage (2% blood vol/min up to 35%) was examined
      by comparing responses in conscious rabbits before and 3 wk after a sham
      operation or A1 lesions. In the control experiments, MAP fell minimally up to the
      withdrawal of 20% of blood volume after which it fell abruptly to 20-30 mmHg
      below control by the 35% level. Plasma AVP increased nonlinearly during
      progressive hemorrhage with significant increases occurring only after 25% of
      blood volume was removed. In contrast, HR increased linearly after the onset of
      bleeding. After A1 lesions, which destroyed 84% (range 80-94%) of the
      noradrenergic cells, the amount of AVP released and the tachycardia during
      hemorrhage were reduced by 83 and 61%, respectively (P less than 0.005), but the
      fall in MAP was minimally affected. Basal values of MAP, HR, or plasma AVP were
      not affected by the lesions. These results suggest that during hemorrhage in
      conscious rabbits A1 noradrenergic neurons are important for the secretion of AVP
      and the reflex tachycardia but play little role in the maintenance of blood
      pressure.

PMID- 3688246
TI  - Electrical restitution process in dispersed canine cardiac Purkinje and
      ventricular cells.
AB  - Rate-dependent changes in cardiac action potential duration (APD) have been
      related to ion accumulation and depletion in restricted extracellular spaces.
      Isolated cardiac cells lack intercellular clefts and thus are less likely than
      intact tissue to experience ionic transients immediately outside the plasma
      membrane. Furthermore, isolated Purkinje cells lack the T tubules found in
      ventricular tissue and cells, which also can be a site of ion accumulation and
      depletion. We therefore employed single canine ventricular and Purkinje cells to
      investigate the contribution of restricted spaces to the electrical restitution
      process. In both cell types, abrupt changes in cycle length do not alter resting
      potential, but APD alters with a time constant of approximately 1 min. In
      addition, both preparations exhibit two components to the electrical restitution
      process of the APD. The rapid component has a time constant of 66 +/- 17 ms in
      the ventricle cells and 186 +/- 43 ms in the Purkinje cells. The slower component
      is both smaller and more variable. These values are similar to those reported in
      intact canine ventricular and Purkinje tissue. Thus the restitution process of
      APD, as measured in these isolated cardiac cells, is not markedly dependent on
      the presence or absence of restricted extracellular spaces.

PMID- 3688247
TI  - Sarcolemmal Na+-Ca2+ exchange activity in hearts subjected to hypoxia
      reoxygenation.
AB  - Although the occurrence of intracellular Ca2+ overload is known to be an
      important factor in hypoxia-reoxygenation injury, the exact mechanisms for this
      abnormality are not presently clear. Since Na+-Ca2+ exchange in the sarcolemmal
      membrane is considered to be involved in Ca2+ efflux, this study was undertaken
      to examine the effect of hypoxia reoxygenation on this system. Isolated rat
      hearts were made hypoxic by perfusing with a substrate-free medium gassed with
      95% N2-5% CO2 and then reperfused with oxygenated normal medium. Hypoxia was
      found to markedly increase the resting tension and depress the ability of the
      heart to generate contractile force; reoxygenation resulted in partial recovery
      of these parameters. Sarcolemmal vesicles were isolated from control, hypoxic,
      and hypoxia-reoxygenated hearts, and the Na+-dependent Ca2+ uptake activity was
      measured at different times of incubation as well as at different concentrations
      of calcium. Sarcolemmal ATP-dependent Ca2+ accumulation was also measured for the
      purpose of comparison. A significant decrease in Na+-dependent Ca2+ uptake was
      observed in preparations from hearts made hypoxic for 10 min. Reoxygenation of 10
      min hypoxic hearts resulted in a further depression of Na+-Ca2+ exchange
      activity. ATP-dependent Ca2+ accumulation was also depressed in hypoxic as well
      as reoxygenated hearts. These results suggest a defect in the Na+-Ca2+ exchange
      system and the ATP-dependent Ca2+ pump in the heart sarcolemmal membrane, and
      this may contribute to the occurrence of intracellular Ca2+ overload and
      functional abnormalities due to hypoxia-reoxygenation injury.

PMID- 3688248
TI  - Receptor-mediated effects of a PGH2 analogue (U 46619) on human platelets.
AB  - The specific effects of U 46619 (9,11-dideoxy,9 alpha-11 alpha
      methanoepoxyprostaglandin F2 alpha), thromboxane A2-prostaglandin H2 (TxA2/PGH2)
      analogue, on human platelet shape change, myosin light-chain phosphorylation,
      serotonin release, fibrinogen receptor exposure, and platelet aggregation were
      measured and compared with binding of [3H]U 46619 to platelets. Shape change and
      myosin light-chain phosphorylation were found to be saturable and dose dependent,
      having effective concentration producing 50% of the maximum response (EC50)
      values of 0.035 +/- 0.005 and 0.057 +/- 0.021 microM, respectively (mean +/- SE).
      These two effects were competitively inhibited by specific antagonists of
      TxA2/PGH2 receptors (BM 13177, PTA-OH, and 1.PTA-OH) indicating that they are
      receptor mediated. Binding of [3H]U 46619 showed two components. Occupancy of
      high-affinity binding sites [dissociation constant (Kd) = 0.041 +/- 0.009 microM,
      maximum binding site (Bmax) = 19.4 +/- 5.3 fmol/10(7) platelets, with 1,166 +/-
      310 sites/platelet; n = 12] correlated with platelet shape change and myosin
      light-chain phosphorylation. We propose that a second component with an apparent
      Kd of 1.46 +/- 0.47 microM (n = 12) represents a second, low-affinity site. Mean
      EC50 values for U 46619-induced serotonin release, platelet aggregation, and
      fibrinogen receptor exposure were 0.54 +/- 0.13. 1.31 +/- 0.34 and 0.53 +/- 0.21
      microM, respectively. Therefore, the platelet release reaction was not directly
      correlated with occupancy of high-affinity receptors but could be related to the
      second binding component of U 46619. Fibrinogen receptor exposure and platelet
      aggregation caused by U 46619 appeared to be events mediated by the release of
      adenosine diphosphate from platelet-dense granules.

PMID- 3688249
TI  - Participation of adrenoceptors in liver blood flow regulation in anesthetized
      dogs.
AB  - We evaluated involvement of adrenergic receptors in the responses of the hepatic
      vasculature to reduction either of portal venous flow or hepatic arterial inflow.
      Portal vein occlusion caused an increase in hepatic arterial blood flow (HAF) and
      decreases in hepatic arterial pressure (HAP) and hepatic arterial vascular
      resistance (HAR) in the intact group. After pretreatment with either yohimbine or
      prazosin, but not propranolol, occlusion of the portal vein produced a greater
      decrease in HAP as compared with that in the intact group. No significant changes
      in HAF, HAR, or hepatic tissue blood flow (HTF) occurred after the treatment.
      These results indicate that the compensatory response of the hepatic arterial
      vasculature to altered portal blood flow (PVF) is regulated independently of the
      intrahepatic adrenergic receptors. Hepatic arterial occlusion caused a
      significant decrease in portal venous pressure, PVF, and HTF. Portal venous
      vascular resistance (PVR) was reduced slightly, but not significantly. After
      pretreatment with either yohimbine or prazosin, but not propranolol, occlusion of
      the hepatic artery produced an opposite effect: to increase PVF and significantly
      decrease PVR. These results indicate that intrahepatic alpha-adrenoceptors
      participate in the regulation of portal vascular tone to maintain portal vein
      pressure at a steady level, when inflow from the hepatic artery is reduced.

PMID- 3688250
TI  - Differential vagal effects on antegrade vs. retrograde atrioventricular
      conduction.
AB  - The influence of postganglionic vagal stimulation (PGVS) on antegrade and
      retrograde atrioventricular nodal conduction was studied in 17 isolated rabbit
      heart tissue preparations by pacing at the crista terminalis or His bundle,
      respectively. The effect of short bursts of PGVS on prolongation of
      atrioventricular conduction was phase dependent with respect to the cardiac
      cycle. This phasic dependency was more pronounced during antegrade
      atrioventricular conduction. Although the control retrograde atrioventricular
      conduction time was longer than the antegrade (P less than 0.05) at or near the
      time in the cycle during which vagal stimulation caused maximal prolongation of
      conduction time (optimal phase), PGVS-induced maximal prolongation of the
      antegrade atrioventricular conduction time was significantly greater than that of
      the retrograde (P less than 0.02). Moreover, when PGVS was introduced at a fixed
      phase in the cycle, but with increasing amplitude, antegrade atrioventricular
      conduction time was progressively prolonged, and block was observed first in the
      antegrade direction, whereas retrograde atrioventricular conduction continued.
      Microelectrode recordings during these experiments showed consistently that PGVS
      induced hyperpolarization in the N region of the atrioventricular node was
      greater during antegrade atrioventricular conduction. This suggests that vagal
      effects depended not only on the intensity and phase of stimulation, but also on
      electronic influences which apparently are different during antegrade and
      retrograde conduction.

PMID- 3688251
TI  - Fibrin has larger pores when formed in the presence of erythrocytes.
AB  - Due to difficulties caused by the presence of hemoglobin-containing erythrocytes,
      the structures of whole blood clots have not been reported. A perfusion technique
      described herein allowed the study of plasma and blood clots. Gel fiber diameter,
      fiber mass-to-length ratio, and average pore diameter were calculated from
      measurements of solvent flow through gels. When perfused with saline, intact
      erythrocytes washed from clots of whole blood. Subsequent perfusion with water
      resulted in rapid hemolyzing of remaining erythrocytes and flushing of hemoglobin
      from the network. The minimal impact of erythrocytes on fibrin fiber structure
      was indicated by similar fiber mass-to-length ratios, 7.4 vs. 9.3 X 10(13) Da/cm,
      for plasma and blood clots, respectively. Pore sizes were larger in gels formed
      in the presence of erythrocytes, increasing from 3.3 X 10(-4) cm for plasma gels
      to 5.1 X 10(-4) for gels containing 20% erythrocytes. The washing of red cells
      from clots confirmed calculated clot pore sizes (approximately 5 microns) and was
      testimony to the size of the spaces within the gel. Egress of cells and
      macromolecules to the site of injury during wound healing may be a function of
      the size of these spaces. The demonstrated applicability of this technique should
      allow study of this question.

PMID- 3688252
TI  - Monophasic action potentials during induced hypothermia in hedgehog and guinea
      pig hearts.
AB  - To evaluate mechanisms behind the difference in susceptibility to ventricular
      fibrillation (VF) between the guinea pig and hedgehog heart, the cardiac
      electrophysiology of the two species was studied at normal body temperature and
      at different hypothermic levels by simultaneous recording of the monophasic
      action potential (MAP) and the external electrocardiogram (ECG). At normal body
      temperature, the duration of the ventricular MAP was significantly shorter in the
      hedgehog (93 +/- 8.1 ms) than in the guinea pig (138 +/- 2.6 ms). There was a
      distinct plateau phase in the guinea pig, whereas no such phase could be detected
      in the hedgehog. During hypothermia, a similar increase in MAP duration at full
      repolarization was noticed for both species. However, the prolongation of the MAP
      at lower repolarization levels was much less in the hedgehog. Besides,
      hypothermia-induced slow conduction and dispersion of ventricular repolarization
      was much more apparent in the guinea pig heart compared with the hedgehog heart.
      These differences may be important factors in the resistance to VF in the
      hedgehog, at normal body temperature and during hypothermia.

PMID- 3688253
TI  - Electrophysiological derangements induced by lipid peroxidation in cardiac
      tissue.
AB  - Recently it has been postulated that oxygen-derived free radicals may be involved
      in reperfusion-induced arrhythmias. This study was undertaken to evaluate
      cellular electrophysiological alterations produced by peroxidation of membrane
      lipids in isolated cardiac tissues. In retrogradely perfused guinea pig hearts,
      perfusion of organic hydroperoxides, cumene hydroperoxide (CH), and tert-butyl
      hydroperoxide (TBH) caused conduction disturbances and arrhythmias, concomitantly
      with an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the myocardium. The
      hydroperoxides decreased the maximum diastolic potential, action potential
      amplitude, and maximum upstroke velocity of phase 0 in both canine Purkinje
      fibers and guinea pig papillary muscles. They also induced abnormal automaticity,
      such as depolarization-induced automaticity, delayed afterdepolarizations, and
      triggered activity. Mechanical abnormalities including increased resting tension
      and aftercontractions, presumably resulting from intracellular Ca2+ overload,
      were produced by the hydroperoxides. Pretreatment with butylated hydroxytoluene,
      an antioxidant, significantly inhibited the hydroperoxide-induced
      electrophysiological derangements and MDA accumulation in the myocardium. These
      results suggest that lipid peroxidation of membranes causes various
      electrophysiological and mechanical abnormalities and may play a role in the
      genesis of reperfusion-induced arrhythmias.

PMID- 3688254
TI  - Sympathetic modulation of rabbit aortic baroreceptors in vitro.
AB  - Previous studies indicate that sympathetic efferent nerves to the carotid sinus
      can modulate carotid sinus baroreceptor (BR) activity. There are, however, no
      studies that demonstrate this in the aortic arch. Since application of exogenous
      norepinephrine to the aortic arch can alter BR activity, we examined whether
      electrically stimulating the efferent innervation would likewise be effective. We
      used an in vitro preparation from anesthetized rabbits. This consisted of the
      aortic arch and sections of the aortic afferent and sympathetic efferent nerves.
      The aorta was perfused at a constant pulseless pressure set 10-15 mmHg above BR
      pressure threshold, and aortic diameter was measured with a photoelectric device.
      We electrically stimulated the efferent innervation with 1-ms duration constant
      voltage pulses, while simultaneously recording aortic pressure, diameter, and BR
      discharge. In 12 of 18 BRs, discharge decreased with vasoconstriction and
      subsequently recovered with vasorelaxation. This BR inhibition was blocked when
      constriction was prevented with the alpha-adrenergic antagonist prazosin (10(-6)
      M). In the remaining six BRs, discharge increased in five units and remained
      constant in one unit; however, the excitation occurred only during and a few
      seconds after the stimulus period. Discharge then fell below control while aortic
      constriction persisted and subsequently increased back to control with aortic
      relaxation. In this second group of fibers, treatment with the smooth muscle
      relaxant sodium nitroprusside (10(-6) M) prevented BR inhibition but not
      excitation. Lastly, BR responses were eliminated if the efferent nerve was
      crushed but not cut, indicating that the sensory endings were not activated
      directly by electrotonic current spread.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3688255
TI  - Modulation of adrenergic responses in pressurized resistance arteries by flow.
AB  - The effects of perfusion on the reactivity of isolated rat resistance mesenteric
      arteries (200 micron ID) to electrical stimulation and exogenous norepinephrine
      (NE) were investigated. Diameter constrictions of these arteries that have an
      intact endothelium in response to the stimuli were significantly greater (P less
      than 0.05) in the presence than in the absence of flow. Inhibition of NE uptake
      and metabolism with cocaine, normetanephrine, and pargyline increased constrictor
      responses to electrical stimulation and NE in the presence and absence of flow,
      but responses remained larger in the presence of flow. Endothelial cell removal
      augmented the NE-induced diameter constrictions, which were not different whether
      or not flow was present. Perfusion at similar flows but a higher shear stress
      using a dextran solution led to smaller constrictions than obtained at lower
      shear stress in response to NE. However, NE-induced constrictions at high and low
      shear stresses were the same after endothelium removal. These observations
      suggest that NE and elevated levels of shear stress induce the release of
      relaxing factors from the endothelium, which attenuates direct NE smooth muscle
      cell constrictor responses.

PMID- 3688256
TI  - Interactions in nucleus tractus solitarius between right and left carotid sinus
      nerves.
AB  - Bilateral carotid sinus nerve stimulation was used as a model for studying
      cardiovascular afferent interactions in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS)
      region of dorso-medial medulla. Extracellular action potential recordings were
      made from 69 single units, 33 of which were excited independently by both right
      and left carotid sinus nerves (CSNs). Fifteen of these were located in NTS. Peak
      latencies to electrical stimulation of NTS neurons were 17.7 +/- 2.1 ms to
      ipsilateral CSN and 20.9 +/- 1.5 ms to contralateral CSN. Summation of afferent
      input was routinely demonstrated. In 10 units in NTS, a conditioning stimulus
      applied to one CSN caused prolonged inhibition of the response to a test stimulus
      to the same or the other CSN. The duration of inhibition was dependent on the
      intensity of the conditioning stimulus, not on prior excitation of the unit by
      the conditioning stimulus. In five additional excitability testing experiments,
      we found limited evidence to suggest that primary afferent depolarization of the
      central fibers of one CSN by stimulation of the contralateral CSN might be
      contributing to this inhibitory interaction. The data suggest that the outcome of
      integrative interactions between right and left CSN inputs to NTS neurons may
      depend largely on the temporal sequence of convergent afferent impulses.

PMID- 3688258
TI  - Phosphorylation potential and adenosine release during norepinephrine infusion in
      guinea pig heart.
AB  - This study tested the hypothesis that adenosine released from isolated guinea pig
      hearts (n = 5) in response to norepinephrine is related to the cellular
      phosphorylation potential (PP; [ATP]/[ADP][Pi]), where Pi is inorganic phosphate.
      31P-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used to measure the relative
      concentrations of Pi, phosphocreatine (PCr), and ATP. Hearts were Langendorff
      perfused with a physiological salt solution containing 0.1 mM Pi. The venous
      effluent was collected for measurement of adenosine and partial pressure of
      oxygen (PO2). After a control period, norepinephrine (6 X 10(-8) M) was infused
      for 20 min during which 31P-NMR spectra and samples of venous effluent were
      collected every minute. With norepinephrine infusion, PCr decreased rapidly to
      72% of control (P less than 0.05) by 8 min and then recovered to 80% of control
      for the remaining 12 min. ATP fell slowly to 70% of control (P less than 0.01)
      over 20 min. Pi increased to a peak at 2 min (P less than 0.01), then declined
      slowly to a steady state (60% of the peak and 3.5 X control) from 8 to 20 min.
      Adenosine release increased from 11 +/- 6 to a peak of 250 +/- 68 pmol.min-1.g-1
      (P less than 0.01) at 7 min and then slowly fell (P less than 0.05) to a steady
      state of approximately 110 pmol.min-1.g-1 (P less than 0.01 vs. control) from 10
      to 20 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3688257
TI  - Force-length dependence of arterial lamellar, smooth muscle, and myofilament
      orientations.
AB  - Force generation by contractile elements of arterial tissue can be affected by
      alterations in their alignment with shortening. The orientation and morphometry
      of smooth muscle (SM) myofilaments, medial lamellae, and elastic laminae were
      examined as a function of length in intact swine carotid arteries or strips.
      Intimal-medial tissue strips were fixed during isometric contractions at lengths
      (L) defined with respect to the optimal length for force generation (Lo). The
      average orientation of SM cells in two perpendicular planes remained parallel to
      the long axis of the tissue at all lengths, but the absolute value of angular
      deviations increased with shortening. Tissue lengthening was associated with
      decreased folding of the elastic laminae. This decrease in waviness was
      quantified by a stretch index (SI). Ultrastructural observations indicated that
      the myofilament absolute angular deviation was greater than that for the cellular
      alignment. For arteries fixed in situ while constricted, SI was least in the
      periintimal laminae and increased in the peripheral laminae. The average decrease
      in force-generating capacity on shortening from Lo to 0.6 Lo attributed to
      increasing SM and myofilament angular deviations was calculated to be 7%.

PMID- 3688259
TI  - Adenosine and hypoxia effects on atrioventricular node of adult and neonatal
      rabbit hearts.
AB  - An isolated perfused heart model was used to assess the effects of hypoxia and
      adenosine on the adult and neonatal (1-5 days) rabbit atrioventricular (AV) node.
      The AV nodal function was assessed by the A-H interval at a constant atrial
      pacing cycle length and by the longest pacing cycle length resulting in
      Wenckebach periodicity. We defined the pacing cycle length at or below which the
      AV node demonstrated Wenckebach periodicity as the Wenckebach cycle length.
      Adenosine produced a smaller dose-dependent increase in A-H interval in neonates
      than in adults, but the increase in Wenckebach cycle length was similar in the
      two age groups. When the hearts were exposed to 5 min of hypoxia the increase of
      Wenckebach cycle length was greater for adults than for neonates. The change in
      Wenckebach cycle length in adults caused by hypoxia was significantly greater
      than that caused by 1 mM adenosine. In addition, in adults aminophylline could
      partially attenuate the increase in Wenckebach periodicity caused by adenosine,
      but aminophylline could not attenuate the increase in Wenckebach cycle length
      caused by hypoxia. We conclude that in the rabbit AV node 1) the adenosine effect
      in neonates is similar to that in adults; 2) neonates are relatively resistant to
      acute hypoxia compared with adults; and 3) the response to acute hypoxia in
      adults cannot be totally explained by the adenosine release theory.

PMID- 3688260
TI  - Does inadequate oxygen delivery trigger pressor response to muscle hypoperfusion
      during exercise?
AB  - In dogs running on a treadmill at 2 or 4 mph or 4 mph plus 10% incline, graded
      reductions in hindlimb perfusion reflexly elicited pressor responses. To test the
      idea that systemic arterial pressure (SAP) is raised by accumulation in muscle of
      a nerve-activating "pressor substance" release when O2 delivery becomes
      inadequate, arterial O2 content (CaO2) was reduced 29.1% by carbon monoxide (CO)
      inhalation before repeating exercise at 2 mph. We reasoned that the pressor
      substance, or related substances, should appear in femoral venous blood and be
      correlated to SAP. [K+] behaved inappropriately as a signal to raise SAP, i.e.,
      when flow was reduced, SAP rose markedly with little or no change in [K+]. SAP
      was well correlated to pH and [lactate] over the three work loads. Compared with
      the same work load with normal CaO2, CO shifted the relation between SAP and
      terminal aortic flow rightward 0.30 l/min (34.5%) and the relation between SAP
      and PO2 leftward 7.7 mmHg. CO did not affect the relation of SAP to terminal
      aortic O2 delivery, hindlimb O2 uptake index, pH, or [lactate]. Thus pressor
      responses are apparently generated when O2 delivery falls below some critical
      level causing accumulation of a pressor substance the release of which is linked
      to a metabolic event that precipitates lactate accumulation.

PMID- 3688261
TI  - High-energy phosphates and function in isolated, working rabbit hearts.
AB  - An isolated, working, rabbit heart has been developed for use with nuclear
      magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. This model is functionally stable over a 4
      h period and displays classic hemodynamic responses to work-load changes. Control
      31P spectra of this preparation (n = 5) were obtained with simultaneous
      recordings of left ventricular pressure (LVP), LVP differentiated with respect to
      time (dP/dt), heart rate (HR), and cardiac output (CO). ATP, phosphocreatine
      (PCr), and hemodynamics remained stable over a 90-min perfusion. Hearts were also
      subjected to 13.5 min of global ischemia (IS) at 37 degrees C followed by 60 min
      of reperfusion (RE, n = 7) or 45 min of chronic IS (n = 6). Contraction ceased
      within 60 s of IS. PCr loss was rapid, reaching undetectable limits by 11 min.
      ATP loss was gradual and bore no relationship to functional loss. ATP fell to 60
      +/- 4% (means +/- SE) of pre-IS levels after 13.5 min of IS. With RE, PCr
      returned to control levels, whereas ATP values remained depressed for the entire
      60 min. Functional activity resumed with RE, but dP/dt did not rise above 85 +/-
      7% of preischemic values. No correlation between residual ATP at the end of IS
      and functional recovery during RE was evident.

PMID- 3688262
TI  - Inosine preserves ATP during ischemia and enhances recovery during reperfusion.
AB  - The effects of exogenous inosine (IN) on high-energy phosphate metabolism and
      function in isolated, working rabbit hearts were monitored with 31P-nuclear
      magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Dynamic measurements of ATP and phosphocreatine
      (PCr) were made along with concomitant functional recordings during normal
      perfusion, global ischemia (IS), and reperfusion (RE). We found that 0.1 mM IN
      enhanced the rate of pressure development (dP/dt) within the left ventricle by 10
      +/- 5% (n = 7). Although IN levels in treated hearts were elevated during normal
      perfusion, no effect was observed on ATP or PCr levels. However during IS,
      pretreatment with IN minimized ATP loss for the first 20 min relative to
      untreated controls (UNT, P less than 0.05). Both IN and UNT hearts that were
      ischemic for only 13.5 min regained function during a 60-min RE period. However,
      at the end of IS, IN hearts (n = 8) displayed 88 +/- 10% of the pre-IS ATP
      levels, whereas UNT hearts (n = 7) retained only 60 +/- 10%. With RE, ATP in IN
      hearts remained elevated over that of UNT hearts for the entire 60 min. IN
      treatment also increased the rate of recovery of dP/dt and maintained improved
      function over 60 min of RE. No correlation was found between post-IS ATP levels
      and dP/dt values during RE in either IN or UNT hearts. These data indicate that
      IN was protective against ATP loss during IS and improved functional recovery on
      RE.

PMID- 3688264
TI  - Interaction between cardiac chambers and thoracic pressure in intact circulation.
AB  - A comprehensive model that describes the interaction between the cardiovascular
      system (CVS) and the intrathoracic pressure (ITP) based on a lumped parameter
      vascular representation and a time-varying elastance concept for the four cardiac
      chambers is presented. Special attention is given to two possible mechanisms of
      interventricular interaction; the constraining effects of the pericardium and
      direct interventricular interaction that results from the fact that the two
      ventricles share a common interventricular septum. The response of the CVS to
      positive and negative perturbations in the ITP and to injection of fluid into the
      pericardium was simulated and compared with experimental literature data. The
      results show that 1) the total heart volume is relatively constant throughout the
      cycle both for ITP of 0 and +15 mmHg, which is consistent with experimental data
      in dogs, thus suggesting that intrinsic properties of the cardiac chambers rather
      than a restricting pericardium is the mechanism for that observation. 2) The
      pericardium has a major role in modifying the transient and steady-state response
      to a step decrease in the ITP with a transient decrease in left ventricle (LV)
      end-diastolic volume followed by gradual increase afterwards. 3) The response to
      sudden injection of fluid into the pericardial space is a larger transient
      decrease in right ventricle than LV volume, which is consistent with experimental
      data. 4) Transmission across the septum has a relatively minor role in modifying
      the response of the CVS to negative pressure. Thus the model reasonably predicts
      the effects of intrathoracic and pericardial pressures on the circulation in a
      reflex-blocked animal and provides a means for placing multiple potential
      mechanisms in proper hierarchial order with regard to contributions to LV and
      overall CVS function.

PMID- 3688263
TI  - Neuropeptide Y is a potent vasoconstrictor and a cardiodepressant in rat.
AB  - Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is contained in and coreleased with norepinephrine (NE) from
      sympathetic nerves innervating vascular and cardiac tissues. The effects of NPY
      infusion on systemic hemodynamics and cardiac performance were compared with
      those of NE in conscious and pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized rats. A 10-min
      infusion of NPY (2 nmol.kg-1.min-1) decreased cardiac index (CI) 20% and stroke
      volume index (SVI) 9% with increases of 20% in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and
      48% in total peripheral resistance (TPR). Conversely, NE (1.0 microgram.kg-1.min
      1) increased SVI 14%, MAP 29%, and TRP 26%, with no change in CI. Heart rates
      decreased similarly (approximately 60 beats/min) but only NE-induced bradycardia
      was reversible by methylatropine nitrate. In anesthetized rats NPY (0.1 nmol.kg
      1.min-1) increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) 20 +/- 10 mmHg
      (means +/- SD, n = 7) and decreased dP/dt by 8 +/- 6%. NE (0.07 microgram.kg
      1.min-1) produced an equivalent pressor response, however, dP/dt rose 22 +/- 10%
      whereas LVEDP increased significantly less than with NPY. Thus NPY is a potent
      vasoconstrictor exerting similar effects to NE on MAP and TPR but, unlike NE,
      possesses negative inotropic and chronotropic activity.

PMID- 3688265
TI  - Factors influencing myocardial response to metabolic acidosis in isolated rat
      hearts.
AB  - We assessed the effects of metabolic acidosis in Langendorff rat hearts to
      identify factors influencing myocardial response to metabolic acidosis.
      Intracellular pH (pHi), beta-ATP, phosphocreatine, and inorganic phosphate (Pi)
      content were measured by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy along with
      simultaneous measurements of coronary flow and developed pressure during 30 min
      of perfusion at pH = 6.8, followed by 15 min of reequilibration at pH = 7.4.
      Under high work-load conditions, pHi, high-energy phosphates, coronary flow, and
      developed pressure were severely reduced during metabolic acidosis. Each of these
      hearts exhibited a progressive decline in developed pressure and stopped beating
      during reequilibration. Lowering work load prevented severe biochemical or
      mechanical deterioration, allowing complete recovery during reequilibration. In
      the presence of high work load, factors found to improve myocardial tolerance to
      metabolic acidosis included maintaining base-line or higher levels of coronary
      flow with vasodilators or substitution of pyruvate for glucose as the energy
      producing substrate. Raising perfusate osmolality did not prevent severe
      decreases in coronary flow and developed pressure during acidosis, but did allow
      a dramatic recovery during reequilibration. Recovery of biochemical and
      mechanical performance after 30 min of metabolic acidosis was directly related to
      1) ln[ATP]/[ADP]f[Pi] greater than or equal to 4.1, where [ADP]f is the
      concentration of free ADP; 2) pHi greater than 6.40; and 3) ATP level greater
      than or equal to 75% of control.

PMID- 3688266
TI  - Coronary hyperperfusion and myocardial metabolism in isolated and intact hearts.
AB  - We determined the independent influence of coronary hyperperfusion on myocardial
      metabolism in isolated and intact hearts. In an isovolumic blood-perfused rat
      heart preparation working against a left ventricular (LV) balloon, the effect of
      increasing coronary perfusion pressure from 100 to 150 mmHg was assessed. In
      three groups of rat hearts LV volume was fixed to obtain LV peak pressures of 42
      +/- 3, 101 +/- 5, and 130 +/- 6 mmHg. With coronary hyperperfusion, LV pressure
      increased 27, 18, and 16%, LV maximum time derivative of pressure (dP/dt)
      increased 39, 20, and 22%, and myocardial O2 consumption (VO2) increased 16, 17,
      and 33%, respectively. In a fourth group, LV peak pressure was held constant at
      92 +/- 4 mmHg during coronary hyperperfusion by decreasing LV volume. In this
      group, despite an increase in coronary blood flow of 48%, there was no
      significant difference in LV maximum dP/dt or myocardial VO2. Thus, in isolated
      rat hearts, coronary hyperperfusion was not an independent stimulus to myocardial
      VO2. To further test this, the effect of coronary hyperperfusion on myocardial
      metabolism was studied in an intact working swine heart preparation where the
      cardiac output was fixed with a right heart bypass circuit. Fatty acid oxidation
      in the left anterior descending bed was assessed by production of 14CO2 from
      [14C(U)]palmitate. A comparison of coronary perfusion 106 +/- 5 vs. 197 +/- 5
      mmHg resulted in no significant change in global LV function, including LV
      internal diameter. Despite a 70% increase in coronary blood flow, there was no
      significant change in myocardial VO2 or fatty acid utilization.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3688267
TI  - [14C]iodoantipyrine and microsphere blood flow estimates in cat brain.
AB  - A comparison of local cerebral blood flow estimates with the microsphere and the
      4-[N-methyl-14C]iodoantipyrine ([14C]IAP) techniques has been performed in cats.
      Good correlation of [14C]IAP with microsphere flow estimates in the gray matter
      was found. In the white matter, however, [14C]IAP flow estimates were
      consistently lower than microsphere flow estimates. Error analysis of both
      techniques and comparison with previous studies suggest that peculiarities of
      white matter arterial vasculature with preferential microsphere accumulation may
      lead to this discrepancy. Microspheres did not interfere with flow as shown by
      the normal appearance of subsequent [14C]IAP autoradiograms. The number of
      microspheres seen on autoradiograms was used for an estimate of microvessels
      blocked by spheres and found to be negligible. The study also demonstrates that
      [14C]IAP is not diffusion limited up to the observed flow values of 2 ml.g-1.min
      1. Both techniques might be used together for a combination of their respective
      advantages, which are temporal and spatial resolution for microsphere and
      [14C]IAP, respectively.

PMID- 3688268
TI  - Cardiac output in adult and neonatal rats utilizing impedance cardiography.
AB  - Impedance cardiography (IC) has the potential to be applied to very small animals
      for the measurement of cardiac output (Q). To evaluate this, Q measured by
      impedance (ZQ) and thermal dilution (TDQ) were compared in adult Sprague-Dawley
      rats. Absolute values for TDQ were comparable with ZQ (e.g., 29.7 vs. 26.0 ml.min
      1.100 g-1), and both equally followed the change in Q caused by hemorrhage and
      reinfusion of blood. IC was also evaluated in neonatal rats (1 and 7 day old).
      Control ZQ values were 113 ml.min-1.100 g-1 for the 1-day-old rats, and 104
      ml.min-1.100 g-1 for 7-day-old rats. Both stroke volume and Q decreased with head
      up tilt and increased with head-down tilt for both ages. Therefore, in the
      neonate, ZQ decreased appropriately with age and with preload reduction. From
      these results, it is concluded that IC can be utilized to evaluate cardiac
      function in neonatal and adult rats.

PMID- 3688269
TI  - Ascorbic acid: a nonradioactive extracellular space marker in canine heart.
AB  - The distribution pattern of ascorbic acid and L-[14C]ascorbic acid in myocardial
      tissue was compared with those of the classical radioactive extracellular space
      markers [3H]-inulin, [3H]sucrose, and Na82Br. A new polarographic technique was
      developed for analogue registration of ascorbic acid concentration in coronary
      venous blood. The kinetic data of the markers were studied in an open-chest
      canine heart preparation (n = 17 dogs) during a constant tracer infusion of up to
      9 min. Distribution volumes were calculated based on the mean transit time method
      of Zierler (K. L. Zierler, Circ. Res. 10:393-407, 1962). The distribution volume
      of ascorbic acid (23.6 ml/100 g wet wt) as well as of L-[14C]ascorbic acid (24.5
      ml/100 g wet wt) in myocardial tissue agreed closely with those of [3H]inulin
      (18.6 ml/100 g wet wt) and [3H]sucrose (22.0 ml/100 g wet wt), as well as 82Br-
      (27.3 ml/100 g wet wt). The obtained kinetic data confirmed that ascorbic acid
      exhibits the physicochemical properties of an extracellular space marker, though
      this compound was shown to leak slowly into myocardial cells. Favorable
      attributes of this indicator are its low molecular weight, high diffusibility in
      interstitial fluid, low binding affinity to macromolecules, and high
      transcapillary (1.8 X 10(-5) cm/s) as well as low transplasmalemmal penetration
      rate (3.7 X 10(-8) cm/s). Therefore, this nonradioactive marker can be applied in
      a safe and simple fashion, and without untoward side effects in experimental
      animals as well as in patients.

PMID- 3688270
TI  - Modifications of electrode design for recording monophasic action potentials in
      animals and humans.
AB  - An Ag-AgCl electrode for recording monophasic action potentials by pressure
      contact is described. The electrode is mounted in a hand-held support designed
      for epicardial recordings during open-heart surgery from both the anterior and
      lateral walls of the left ventricle with minimal displacement of the heart. The
      support allows the electrode to be manipulated without the need for direct vision
      by the surgeon to any desired position while ensuring perpendicular apposition of
      the electrode without risk of damage to the myocardium. The permanently mounted
      electrode is also suitable for animal experiments. The electrode may be used for
      endocardial recordings in animals by direct puncture. Either a straight or curved
      electrode may be chosen as dictated by the recording site. The monophasic action
      potentials recorded by this electrode are of a high quality in terms of
      configuration, lack of drift, and amplitude.

PMID- 3688271
TI  - Separation of Na-Ca exchange and transient inward currents in heart cells.
AB  - Enzymatically dispersed single cells from rabbit ventricle were voltage clamped
      using the suction pipette method to investigate whether in isolated cardiac cells
      a recently described slow inward current (IEX) due to the electrogenic Na+
      dependent Ca2+ extrusion also underlies a transient inward current (ITI), which
      can trigger certain cardiac arrhythmias. The cells were held at -40 mV to
      inactivate the fast sodium current. After depolarizing pulses (to 0 or +10 mV for
      50 to 200 ms), slow inward "tail" currents were consistently recorded. Previous
      results indicate that this tail current IEX is generated by the Na+-Ca2+
      exchanger. After loading the cells with Ca2+ by blocking the Na+-K+ pump [either
      with strophanthidin (10(-5) M) treatment or by reducing external K+ to 1 mM or
      less], ITIS appeared. These were usually spontaneous but occasionally were time
      locked to the clamp pulses. It was possible to separate IEX and ITI by a variety
      of methods. These include the following. 1) Different stimulation protocols;
      repolarizing to more negative potentials augmented IEX and decreased or
      eliminated ITI. Increasing the rate of stimulation diminished IEX and increased
      ITI. 2) Pharmacological methods; adding BaCl2 (0.5-2.0 mM) or caffeine (5-10 mM)
      decreased IEX but abolished ITI. The findings suggest that different mechanisms
      regulate these two currents.

PMID- 3688272
TI  - Distribution of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in perfused chicken kidney.
AB  - Regional metabolism of glucose in chicken kidneys was studied in kidneys perfused
      with either an arterial system or a portal system. Provided that kidneys were
      perfused with oxygenated buffer solution at a flow rate of 5 ml/min per gram of
      kidney in both perfusion systems, oxygenation of the kidney was achieved, as
      judged by the rates of O2 uptake and the formation of lactate, gluconeogenesis,
      and the ratio of lactate to pyruvate. The rate of formation of lactate and
      pyruvate during glucose metabolism, in the presence or absence of KCN, was
      markedly higher with the arterial system than with the portal system. The rate of
      gluconeogenesis was equal with both perfusion systems but the rate was modulated
      by the type of substrate used. With succinate as substrate, ouabain inhibited
      glucose production and O2 uptake in both perfusion systems. With lactate and
      pyruvate as substrate, ouabain had no effect on glucose production in both
      perfusion systems, whereas the inhibition of O2 uptake by ouabain was greater
      with the arterial system than with the portal system. From the viewpoint of the
      accepted morphological components of the blood supply, these results suggest that
      chicken renal gluconeogenesis occurs in the cortex and that glycolysis occurs in
      medullary structures.

PMID- 3688273
TI  - Cardiovascular responses to chemical and electrical stimulation of amygdala in
      rats.
AB  - Electrical stimulation of the amygdala has been shown to produce changes in
      cardiovascular variables. To locate neuronal cell bodies responsible for these
      changes, responses of arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR) to DL
      homocysteate (DLH, 0.15 M, 50-100 nl) microinjected into sites in three
      amygdaloid nuclei were compared with responses to electrical (90-150 microA)
      stimulation of the same sites in 35 artificially ventilated, paralyzed, urethan
      anesthetized rats. Electrical stimulation resulted in depressor responses in most
      sites (89%). Changes in AP were accompanied by variable changes in HR. Chemical
      stimulation produced significantly fewer (25%) depressor responses. Similar
      results were obtained with injections of 1.0 M DLH. To eliminate the influence of
      the anesthetic on these responses, AP was recorded in nine conscious rats while
      stimulating the amygdala. Changes in behavior and AP in these animals could be
      obtained only by electrical stimulation. These results may be interpreted to
      indicate either that cell bodies responsible for changes in cardiovascular
      variables during electrical stimulation are not located in the amygdala or that
      chemical and electrical stimulation affect different neuronal elements in
      circuits located in the same anatomic site.

PMID- 3688274
TI  - Pancreatic glucagon and cholecystokinin synergistically inhibit sham feeding in
      rats.
AB  - Pancreatic glucagon (PG) elicits satiety in normally feeding rats but fails to
      inhibit sham feeding in rats with open gastric cannulas. This suggests that a
      gastric or postgastric food stimulus is necessary for PG's satiating action. To
      determine whether bombesin or cholecystokinin might provide such a stimulus, sham
      feeding rats received simultaneous intraperitoneal injections of 100-800
      micrograms/kg of PG and doses of bombesin or cholecystokinin (CCK) that were near
      the threshold for inhibition of sham feeding. PG and 0.15-to 0.30-micrograms/kg
      CCK combinations inhibited sham feeding potently (37.6 +/- 7.0 and 62.0 +/- 9.4%,
      respectively). In contrast, PG and 0.25- to 0.50-microgram/kg bombesin
      combinations did not significantly affect sham feeding. Behavioral observations
      indicated that the inhibition of sham feeding by PG plus CCK did not disrupt the
      normal postprandial satiety sequence of behavior, PG, 400 micrograms/kg, plus
      0.15 micrograms/kg of CCK did not inhibit sham drinking in 18-h water-deprived
      rats. PG, 400 micrograms/kg, plus 0.30 microgram/kg of CCK did inhibit sham
      drinking, although the effect (34.6 +/- 6.6%) was significantly less than the
      effect on sham feeding (75.5 +/- 9.7%) in the same rats. These data indicate that
      CCK is a sufficient food stimulus to permit PG to inhibit sham feeding.
      Furthermore, this inhibitory effect appears to result from a functional synergism
      of PG and CCK.

PMID- 3688275
TI  - Effects of exercise training on energy balance of ovariectomized rats.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to investigate both the respective and
      interactive roles of exercise training and ovarian hormones on the regulation of
      energy balance. Female rats were divided into sedentary and exercise-trained
      groups. Each group thus formed was further divided into a sham-operated group, an
      ovariectomized group, or ovariectomized estradiol-treated group. Rats were
      exercise trained on a rodent motor-driven treadmill. After 33 days of treatment,
      rats were killed and the energy contents of carcasses, feces, and food were
      determined. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis was assessed through
      mitochondrial GDP binding. The results show that ovariectomy led to increases in
      food intake, body weight, and protein gains, whereas estradiol treatment
      abolished these effects. The results also show that exercise training reduced fat
      gain. Exercise training interacted with ovariectomy on energy gain; in sedentary
      rats ovariectomy enhanced the energy gain, an effect that disappeared in exercise
      trained rats. However, exercise training was found to alter neither body weight
      and protein gains nor energy intake. Ovariectomy did not affect energy
      expenditure when the results are expressed in relative terms (kJ.kg body wt
      0.67.day-1). Similarly, exercise training did not modify energy expenditure
      (kJ.kg body wt-0.67.day-1) once the cost of the training program was subtracted.
      BAT mitochondrial GDP binding was not affected by any of the experimental
      treatments. The present results therefore suggest that neither ovariectomy nor
      exercise training affect energy expenditure through regulatory forms of BAT
      mediated thermogenesis.

PMID- 3688277
TI  - Diurnal patterns of hemodynamic performance in nonhuman primates.
AB  - Heart rate, stroke volume, and intra-arterial blood pressures were monitored
      continuously in each of four monkeys for 18 consecutive hours, 5 days/wk, for
      several weeks. Mean heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, systolic and
      diastolic pressure, and total peripheral resistance were calculated each minute,
      and these averages were analyzed further to yield hourly means and
      intercorrelations. The main findings from the analyses of mean levels were that
      cardiac output fell throughout the night and that peripheral resistance rose
      during the same interval so that arterial pressure fell only slightly; the
      highest levels of peripheral resistance and lowest levels of cardiac output were
      recorded between 0500 and 0700. Furthermore, the levels of these responses during
      the remainder of the morning were higher (peripheral resistance) and lower
      (cardiac output) than those recorded in the evening.

PMID- 3688276
TI  - Brown fat thermogenesis in a rat model of dietary obesity.
AB  - The effects of chronic feeding of a high-fat diet or a cafeteria-type diet on
      weight gain and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue as measured by the binding
      of a purine nucleotide (guanosine 5'-diphosphate, GDP) to mitochondria of brown
      adipose tissue have been studied in two strains of rats that differ in their
      susceptibility to dietary obesity. S 5B/Pl rats, which are resistant to
      developing obesity when eating a high-fat diet or drinking sucrose solutions,
      have greater specific GDP binding in interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT)
      than do Osborne-Mendel rats, which are sensitive to fat-induced obesity. A high
      fat diet, fed isoenergetically to the low-fat diet, did not increase the growth
      of IBAT and decreased specific GDP binding in both strains. Feeding a cafeteria
      diet resulted in obesity and increased mass and protein content of the IBAT in
      both strains of rats. However, specific GDP binding increased in response to
      cafeteria feeding only in the Osborne-Mendel rats. These studies show that
      thermogenesis, as measured by GDP binding to mitochondria in brown adipose
      tissue, is suppressed by both isoenergetic and ad libitum feeding of a high-fat
      diet. The higher basal GDP binding in the brown fat of the S 5B/Pl rats suggests
      that higher thermogenesis of this tissue contributes to the resistance of this
      strain to fat-induced obesity. The inability of S 5B/Pl rats to further increase
      thermogenesis when eating a cafeteria diet may contribute to their becoming
      obese.

PMID- 3688278
TI  - Neuroleptic responsivity of negative and positive symptoms in schizophrenia.
AB  - The authors prospectively examined the effects of double-blind, placebo
      controlled neuroleptic withdrawal and administration on ratings of negative and
      positive symptoms in 19 young patients with chronic schizophrenia. Negative
      symptoms were significantly reduced by neuroleptic treatment, and negative and
      positive symptoms demonstrated similar patterns of reduction and exacerbation
      during neuroleptic treatment and withdrawal, respectively. The changes in
      negative and positive symptoms induced by neuroleptic treatment and withdrawal
      were not significantly correlated, however. The negative and positive symptom
      profiles of individual patients were significantly altered by neuroleptic
      treatment, indicating limitations to the cross-sectional classification of
      patients on the basis of predominance of one or the other symptom group. The
      authors discuss implications for the neurobiological underpinnings of negative
      and positive symptoms.

PMID- 3688279
TI  - Prevalence of depression and distress in a large sample of Canadian residents,
      interns, and fellows.
AB  - Using data from 1,805 interns, residents, and fellows in Ontario, Canada, the
      authors report the prevalence of symptoms measured by the Center for
      Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). They found that the proportion of
      subjects scoring as depressed was somewhat higher than that found in community
      studies. Women had higher depression scores than men. The proportion of unmarried
      house staff with moderate or severe depression scores was higher than that of
      married house staff. Considerable differences were found by specialty, and
      depression was most prevalent in the first year of postgraduate training. These
      findings have implications for those who direct postgraduate medical training or
      who seek to alleviate unnecessary stress in the postgraduate education
      experience.

PMID- 3688280
TI  - The psychosocial impact of war trauma and torture on Southeast Asian refugees.
AB  - More than 700,000 refugees from Southeast Asia have settled in the United States
      since 1975. Although many have suffered serious trauma, including torture, few
      clinical reports have described their trauma-related symptoms and psychosocial
      problems. The authors conducted a treatment study of 52 patients in a clinic for
      Indochinese. They found that these patients were a highly traumatized group; each
      had experienced a mean of 10 traumatic events and two torture experiences. Many
      of the patients had concurrent diagnoses of major affective disorder and
      posttraumatic stress disorder as well as medical and social disabilities
      associated with their history of trauma. The authors also found that Cambodian
      women without spouses demonstrated more serious psychiatric and social
      impairments than all other Indochinese patient groups.

PMID- 3688281
TI  - Obsessive-compulsive symptoms in panic disorder.
AB  - Previous reports have noted an increased prevalence of obsessive-compulsive
      symptoms in patients with panic disorder. The authors found a prevalence of
      obsessive-compulsive symptoms in 19 (27%) of 70 patients with panic disorder.
      Compared to a subgroup of 25 patients with classic features of panic disorder and
      no obsessive-compulsive symptoms, the subgroup with obsessive-compulsive symptoms
      had an earlier onset of illness, were more likely to have personal and family
      histories of major depression and substance abuse, and showed a poorer outcome
      after treatment.

PMID- 3688282
TI  - Dysphoria associated with methylphenidate infusion in borderline personality
      disorder.
AB  - Two patients with borderline personality disorder experienced dramatic dysphoric
      episodes after acute administration of intravenous methylphenidate in a double
      blind manner. These dysphoric episodes were similar to those which occurred
      spontaneously under conditions of psychological stress. Case histories and the
      behavioral and cardiovascular effects of the infusions are described. The
      pharmacology of methylphenidate is discussed in order to elucidate possible
      mechanisms mediating the observed responses to this drug.

PMID- 3688283
TI  - Psychiatric illness in the mothers of anxious children.
AB  - The authors compared maternal lifetime psychiatric illness for children with
      separation anxiety disorder and/or overanxious disorder (N = 58) and for children
      who were psychiatrically disturbed but did not manifest an anxiety or affective
      disorder (N = 15). The vast majority (83%) of mothers of children with separation
      anxiety disorder and/or overanxious disorder had a lifetime history of an anxiety
      disorder. Moreover, over one-half (57%) of the mothers presented with an anxiety
      disorder at the same time at which their children were seen for similar problems.
      Both of these rates significantly differed from those obtained for control
      subjects.

PMID- 3688284
TI  - Bipolar mood disorder and endometriosis: preliminary findings.
AB  - A consecutive sample of 16 women with laparoscopy-diagnosed endometriosis were
      evaluated for mood disorders. Twelve women met DSM-III criteria for a mood
      disorder: seven for bipolar disorder, mixed, three for bipolar disorder, manic,
      and two for major depression. Two women had equivocal diagnoses and two showed no
      evidence of mood disorder. Nine subjects had first-degree relatives with
      histories of severe mood disorders.

PMID- 3688285
TI  - Premenstrual exacerbation of binge eating in bulimia.
AB  - Several studies have suggested an association between the premenstrual phase of
      the menstrual cycle and changes in appetite and eating behavior. This study
      examined the relation between phase of menstrual cycle and frequency of binge
      eating in 15 normal-weight women with bulimia whose eating behavior had been
      unaffected by placebo treatment during a medication study. There was a modest but
      statistically significant premenstrual exacerbation of binge eating.

PMID- 3688286
TI  - An international perspective on assessment of negative and positive symptoms in
      schizophrenia.
AB  - The authors used the Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms and the Scale for
      Assessment of Positive Symptoms in interviews of 96 psychiatric inpatients in
      Italy. They evaluated the interrater reliability and the internal consistency of
      these scales for the assessment of negative and positive symptoms in
      schizophrenia. Their findings indicate that the results of these scales are
      similar in Italy and the United States, countries with different languages and
      cultures.

PMID- 3688287
TI  - Childhood experiences of homeless men.
AB  - The authors interviewed homeless men in New York City shelters about their
      childhood experiences. Childhood placement away from the family was frequent,
      especially among former psychiatric patients. Childhood problem behaviors were
      also frequent.

PMID- 3688288
TI  - Seasonal affective disorder with summer depression and winter hypomania.
AB  - The authors describe 12 patients who regularly became depressed in summer. This
      pattern is opposite to one the authors previously described, in which patients
      became depressed in winter and responded to treatment with light. Temperature may
      influence some summer depressions.

PMID- 3688289
TI  - Drug and alcohol abuse by bulimic women and their families.
AB  - The author studied patterns of drug and alcohol abuse in 35 bulimic women, 35
      healthy control subjects, and their first- and second-degree relatives. The
      bulimic women and their families had significantly higher rates of substance
      abuse disorders.

PMID- 3688290
TI  - Natural killer cell activity in major depression.

PMID- 3688291
TI  - Treatment of rapid cycling bipolar patients.

PMID- 3688293
TI  - Koro in an American man.

PMID- 3688294
TI  - Problem solving and creativity during sleep.

PMID- 3688292
TI  - Understanding the meaning of a symptom.

PMID- 3688295
TI  - Homosexuality in patients with borderline personality disorder.

PMID- 3688296
TI  - Lidocaine toxicity and the limbic system.

PMID- 3688297
TI  - Panic attacks and EEG abnormalities.

PMID- 3688298
TI  - Panic disorder and phobic avoidance.

PMID- 3688299
TI  - Early diagnosis of water intoxication by monitoring diurnal variations in body
      weight.

PMID- 3688300
TI  - Chondrosarcoma in the young. A clinicopathologic analysis of 79 patients younger
      than 21 years of age.
AB  - We have studied 79 patients with chondrosarcoma who were younger than 21 years of
      age; this number represents 16% of all patients with chondrosarcoma diagnosed and
      treated in this hospital during half a century. The appendicular skeleton (53%),
      the humerus (13%), and the femur (23%) were most frequently affected. The pelvic
      bones were also common locations (20%). Pain, the presence of a mass, and
      tenderness were the most common presenting complaints. Two-thirds of the sarcomas
      were central lesions; the rest were mostly of the peripheral type. In 22 patients
      (28%), the chondrosarcomas were secondary to pre-existing benign solitary or
      multiple cartilaginous lesions. Histologically, the chondrosarcomas were
      subdivided into conventional, myxoid, "mesenchymal," and spindle cell
      (dedifferentiated) variants. Microscopically, the chondrosarcomas were graded
      according to their increasing grade of malignancy (grade I: 24 patients; grade
      II: 23 patients; grade III: 32 patients). Detailed survival analysis was
      performed and survival comparisons were made between the various age groups, the
      time of treatment, the sex of the patients, various skeletal sites, and the
      histologic grade of malignancy of the chondrosarcoma. It appears that
      chondrosarcoma affecting younger individuals is, in general, a more ominous tumor
      as compared with adults; i.e., relatively more high-grade chondrosarcomas affect
      young people than adults. Another notable difference was the dissimilarity in the
      skeletal distribution pattern of the malignant cartilage lesions between adults
      and the young.

PMID- 3688301
TI  - Seminal vesicle involvement by in situ and invasive transitional cell carcinoma
      of the bladder.
AB  - We report six cases of seminal vesicle involvement by transitional cell carcinoma
      of the bladder among 187 consecutive cystoprostatectomy specimens. Two of these
      six cases showed mucosal spread without stromal invasion (type A); the remaining
      four cases presented a direct extension (type B) from muscle-invasive carcinomas
      of the bladder. Type A involvement of the seminal vesicle was associated with a
      long history of superficial bladder cancer with similar mucosal spread to the
      prostatic ducts, acini, and ejaculatory ducts. One type A case showed extensive
      pagetoid spread of transitional cell carcinoma to the urethral meatus and
      collecting ducts of the kidney. Because the clinical significance of mucosal
      spread or direct invasion of seminal vesicles is not clear, pathologists and
      urologists need to be aware of these phenomena. More cases should be analyzed to
      determine further clinicopathologic implications.

PMID- 3688302
TI  - Malignant melanoma metastatic to the ovary.
AB  - The clinical and pathologic features of 10 patients with malignant melanoma
      metastatic to the ovary were studied. Seven were from surgical patients who
      presented with possible primary ovarian neoplasms and three were autopsy cases.
      Six had unilateral involvement, and all but one of the metastases were grossly
      cystic. Two predominant histologic patterns were identified: the more common (six
      cases) consisted of small oval to spindle-shaped cells with inconspicuous or
      absent melanin pigment and a focal storiform architecture. Three of these six
      were initially misinterpreted as ovarian stromal neoplasms. The other four tumors
      had large epithelioid cells with abundant cytoplasm and melanin pigment, and were
      readily classified as metastatic melanoma. Six of the seven surgical cases were
      reactive with antibodies to S-100 protein and vimentin but nonreactive with
      antibodies to keratin.

PMID- 3688303
TI  - Multiple thymic squamous cell carcinomas associated with mixed type thymoma.
AB  - A 49-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of abnormal shadows on a
      chest roentgenogram that suggested enlargement of bilateral hilar and mediastinal
      lymph nodes. Chest surgery was performed after a diagnosis of malignant thymoma
      that was following a left supraclavicular lymph node biopsy. The tumor consisted
      of several nodules, the largest of which was 6.5 cm. One nodule had invaded the
      pericardium and left upper lobe of the lung. Metastases to the peribronchial and
      mediastinal lymph nodes were present along with implantation on multiple pleural
      sites. Histological examination revealed that the tumor was of a mixed type with
      features of thymoma and squamous cell carcinoma, and that these two histological
      types were present in the same nodule with gradual transition between the two.
      Immunohistochemical surface marker studies revealed that lymphocytes in the
      squamous cell carcinoma were of the peripheral blood type. We conclude that
      squamous cell carcinoma may originate in the epithelial cells of a thymoma.

PMID- 3688304
TI  - Infection of chimpanzees with Nigerian I/CDC strain of Plasmodium ovale.
AB  - Seven splenectomized chimpanzees were infected with the Nigerian I/CDC strain of
      Plasmodium ovale. Two of the animals had no history of previous malarial
      infection whereas three had been infected with P. vivax, one with P. malariae,
      and one with P. vivax and P. malariae. The two animals with no previous malarial
      experience had maximum parasitemias of 88,700 and 127,000 per mm3 while the other
      animals had maximum parasitemias ranging from 10,100 to 60,600 per mm3. Anopheles
      freeborni, An. dirus, An. stephensi, and An. gambiae were readily infected via
      membrane feeding on heparinized blood obtained from these chimpanzees during the
      ascending phases of their primary attacks. The parasitemias in the chimpanzees
      with previous malarial experience were transient.

PMID- 3688305
TI  - Attenuation of the virulence of the M strain of Plasmodium cynomolgi during
      prolonged multiplication in splenectomized rhesus monkeys.
AB  - The primary data in this report showed that prolonged multiplication of the M
      strain of Plasmodium cynomolgi in splenectomized rhesus monkeys led frequently to
      emergence of parasites whose virulence for monkeys with intact spleens was
      markedly attenuated while that for splenectomized monkeys was unimpaired.
      Expressions of attenuation regularly included reductions in the height of the
      peak parasitemia and in some instances failure to induce infection with inocula
      1,000-fold those infective for splenectomized monkeys. Attenuation of virulence,
      once established, was maintained through as many as 17 serial passages in intact
      monkeys and more than 100 such transfers in splenectomized monkeys. Not only
      asexual blood stages, but also sexual stages (gametocytes) carried the attenuated
      characteristic, as indicated by its ready passage through mosquitoes. Studies in
      monkeys with sporozoite-induced infections showed that the persisting
      exoerythrocytic stages did not participate in the attenuation phenomenon; for
      when erythrocytic parasites of reduced virulence were cleared from the blood by
      either immune processes or chemotherapy, they were replaced upon relapse with
      parasites of unimpaired virulence. A major effort to determine whether
      splenectomized monkeys carried plasma or erythrocyte factors responsible for
      displays of attenuated virulence was nonproductive. An intact spleen was the
      essential element in these displays, for they disappeared immediately upon
      removal of this organ. The attenuation phenomenon probably reflects selection of
      spontaneously occurring mutants with limited capacity to escape normal splenic
      clearance mechanisms and unimpaired or even enhanced capacity to multiply in
      splenectomized monkeys.

PMID- 3688307
TI  - Detection and enumeration of Leishmania in sand flies using agar-based media.
AB  - An agar plating technique was used to determine the number of amastigotes
      ingested by Lutzomyia longipalpis fed on papules on Mesocricetus auratus caused
      by Leishmania mexicana amazonensis and on lesions on Mystromys albicaudatus
      caused by Leishmania braziliensis panamensis. The technique involved homogenizing
      sand flies after bloodfeeding on the infected animals and spreading the
      homogenate over the surface of agar plates. A great variation in the number of
      amastigotes ingested by individual sand flies was demonstrated. Not all
      amastigotes ingested developed anterior stomodeal infections.

PMID- 3688306
TI  - Antimalarial activity of a riboflavin analog against Plasmodium vinckei in vivo
      and Plasmodium falciparum in vitro.
AB  - The riboflavin analog 10-(4'-chlorophenyl)-3-methylflavin was found to have
      significant activity against Plasmodium vinckei vinckei when administered orally
      and parenterally; it was active against P. falciparum in culture. It inhibited
      mouse erythrocyte glutathione reductase in a dose-dependent manner. When
      administered orally, 5-deazariboflavin was not active in vivo although it has
      been shown to have activity against P. falciparum in vitro.

PMID- 3688308
TI  - Variable maturation and oviposition by female Schistosoma japonicum in mice: the
      effects of irradiation of the host prior to infection.
AB  - The maturation of female Schistosoma japonicum was found to vary greatly within
      each of two Philippine strains of this parasite and some females did not contain
      uterine eggs 7 to 15 weeks after infection while others contained numerous eggs
      before the fifth week of infection. It was found that female worms containing
      less than 20 uterine eggs contributed little to the accumulation of eggs in the
      tissues of infected mice. Such worms also generally appeared to be immature. The
      variable rate of maturation of worms is likely to have profound effects on the
      immune reactions of mice as well as on the pathologic response to infection.
      Systematic delay in oviposition was serendipitously found in worms from mice
      which had been irradiated for other purposes prior to exposure to S. japonicum,
      and from the fourth to the sixth week after infection egg production by worms in
      irradiated mice lagged well behind that in intact mice. Seven to 10 weeks after
      infection these worms were laying normal numbers of eggs, as judged by egg
      passage per worm pair in the feces and the accumulation of eggs in the tissues.
      S. mansoni developed normally in irradiated mice.

PMID- 3688309
TI  - Adult Mansonella perstans in the abdominal cavity in nine Africans.
AB  - Adult Mansonella perstans infected the abdominal cavity of nine patients seen at
      Karawa Hospital in the Ubangi territory of Zaire. In four patients the worms were
      removed at laparotomy, and in the other five they were removed at autopsy. Twelve
      adult worms were identified in the nine patients. None of the worms caused
      symptoms or contributed to the patient's death. Worms were in the hernial sac in
      three patients, and one each was in connective tissue beside a reactive
      mesenteric lymph node, in peripancreatic connective tissue, in perirenal
      connective tissue, in hepatic portal connective tissue, on the serosal surface of
      the small intestine, and in connective tissue adjacent to rectum. The diameter of
      male worms was 45 microns to 60 microns and of female worms, 80 microns to 125
      microns. One female worm was removed intact. It was 6 cm long and had a
      bifurcated tail characteristic of M. perstans.

PMID- 3688310
TI  - Unusual cases of parasitic infections in Papua New Guinea.
AB  - During routine postmortem examinations at a provincial hospital in Papua New
      Guinea two cases of parasitoses were revealed. One was an adult female Ascaris in
      a human kidney, and the other a human case of Macracanthorhynchus infection.

PMID- 3688311
TI  - Clinicopathologic and histologic evaluation of Dirofilaria immitis-induced
      nephropathy in dogs.
AB  - Twelve beagles were infected with 200 Dirofilaria immitis infective larvae to
      study glomerular lesions associated with filariasis. All developed high serum
      levels of antibodies to dirofilarial antigens and became persistently
      microfilaremic. The dogs were killed at various times between 398 and 562 days
      post-infection and renal lesions were examined by light, electron, and
      immunofluorescent microscopy and antibody elution techniques. A
      membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis was observed in all dogs.
      Immunofluorescence was positive in all; predominantly in a fine granular pattern
      along the glomerular capillary wall. Ultrastructural examination showed
      intramembranous globular electron-dense deposits and a linear band of fine
      electron-dense particles in all dogs. Antibody elution studies demonstrated
      antibody reactive to dirofilarial antigens. In a subsequent experiment, an
      aqueous-soluble antigen prepared from adult female D. immitis was infused into
      the renal arteries of 5 heartworm-naive dogs. Immunofluorescent examination of
      the infused kidneys showed dirofilarial antigen present on the glomerular
      capillary wall in a fine granular pattern indicating there was adherence of the
      antigen to the capillary wall. These observations support the hypothesis of in
      situ immune complex formation as part of the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis
      associated with dirofilariasis.

PMID- 3688312
TI  - Protective immunity to Brugia malayi larvae in BALB/c mice: potential of this
      model for the identification of protective antigens.
AB  - Protective immune responses against the infective larvae of Brugia malayi have
      been demonstrated in BALB/c mice. Various factors governing resistance to
      reinfection have been examined to provide baseline data for use of this model in
      studies of immunoprophylaxis. Parasites that established following a primary
      infection survived for approximately 10 days, following which numbers declined
      rapidly to a low level. Resistance was evidenced by a more rapid clearance of
      secondary infection parasites. The degree of immunity expressed was not related
      to the route of administration of the initial infection (subcutaneous,
      intravenous, intramuscular, or intraperitoneal). However, both the level of
      resistance and the rapidity of its expression were dependent on dose, with as few
      as 2 larvae stimulating measurable immunity. Sensitization with living male or
      female adult worms, fourth stage larvae or microfilariae of B. malayi, or
      infective larvae of B. pahangi conferred substantial resistance to larval
      challenge. Significant levels of immunity were also induced by dead B. malayi
      larvae (46%) and their aqueous extracts (76%), but not with the corresponding
      insoluble fraction. We suggest that this experimental system is ideally suited to
      aid in the identification of putative protective antigens in brugian filariasis.

PMID- 3688313
TI  - Immunodiagnosis of human fascioliasis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using
      excretory-secretory products.
AB  - In sera from patients with fascioliasis the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
      (ELISA) was used to detect antibody using excretory-secretory products (ES) from
      Fasciola hepatica adult worms. The specificity of ES-ELISA (with OD values
      greater than 0.38) allowed the differentiation among fascioliasis,
      schistosomiasis, clonorchiasis, and other human parasite infections.

PMID- 3688315
TI  - Empirical treatment of Shigella dysentery with trimethoprim: five-day course vs.
      single dose.
AB  - Fifty-three adults hospitalized with Shigella dysentery were empirically treated
      with trimethoprim (200 mg) twice/day for 5 days, a single dose of trimethoprim
      (600 mg), or placebo in a randomized double-blind trial. During the first 24 hr
      of therapy, there was a reduction in the number of stools in 18/21 (86%) of
      patients treated with the 5-day regimen (trimethoprim-5) and 13/15 (87%) of
      patients treated with a single dose (trimethoprim-1), compared with 7/17 (41%) of
      the placebo group (P less than 0.025, both comparisons). The mean number of
      stools passed in the first 24 hr of therapy was 10.6, 10.8, and 21.3 stools in
      the trimethoprim-5, trimethoprim-1, and placebo groups, respectively. The mean
      (+/- SD) change in number of stools from baseline among treated patients during
      the first 24 hr was -4.9 (6.6) and -6.3 (6.3) for the trimethoprim-5 and
      trimethoprim-1 groups, respectively, compared with an increase of +2.4 (14.8) for
      the placebo group. There was a clinical failure at 48 hr in 9% of the
      trimethoprim-5 patients and 13% of trimethoprim-1 patients compared with 70% of
      placebo patients (P less than 0.005, both comparisons). Although we were unable
      to demonstrate a difference in efficacy between the two dosage schedules of
      trimethoprim, we conclude that both treatment regimens are effective for the
      treatment of Shigella dysentery.

PMID- 3688314
TI  - Comparison of serologic tests for the diagnosis and follow-up of alveolar hydatid
      disease.
AB  - Alveolar hydatid disease is a serious and often fatal condition caused by
      infection with the metacestode form of Echinococcus multilocularis. Sera of 21
      patients with histologically confirmed disease were tested by an enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a semi-purified E. multilocularis antigen
      fraction (Em2) and by indirect hemagglutination (IHA) and double diffusion (DD5)
      tests using antigens prepared from E. granulosus cyst fluid. At diagnosis, sera
      from all 21 patients were positive by Em2 ELISA, 18 (86%) by IHA, and 5 (24%) by
      DD5. Em2 ELISA detected an antibody response earlier than IHA in 4 of 9 patients
      from whom sera were available before diagnosis. Following complete surgical
      resection, Em2 ELISA converted from positive to negative in serum of 2 of 3
      patients, while IHA results did not change. Following incomplete resection, 14 of
      15 patients tested remained positive by Em2 ELISA, while 12 remained positive by
      IHA. Of sera from 361 healthy persons from regions free of E. multilocularis,
      none were positive by Em2 ELISA, while 8% were positive by IHA. Of sera from 59
      patients with non-echinococcal parasitic infections, none were positive by Em2
      ELISA, while 31% were positive by IHA. Thus, in comparison with tests using E.
      granulosus antigens, Em2 ELISA appears to be more sensitive and specific for
      diagnosing AHD, useful on follow-up of resected patients, and positive earlier in
      the course of disease.

PMID- 3688316
TI  - Susceptibility of the hispid cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus) to the Lyme disease
      spirochete (Borrelia burgdorferi).
AB  - The susceptibility of the hispid cotton rat, Sigmodon hispidus, to the Lyme
      disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, was investigated by inoculating rats
      with infected tick suspensions or by allowing infected Ixodes scapularis nymphs
      to feed on them. Culture of blood samples in BSK II medium demonstrated that
      cotton rats developed spirochetemias that lasted for a minimum of 3 to 4 weeks
      and were of sufficient concentration to infect simultaneously feeding normal I.
      scapularis nymphs. The spirochetemias were characterized by alternating
      spirochete-positive and spirochete-negative phases similar to patterns caused by
      relapsing fever borreliae. The possibility that B. burgdorferi is subject to
      antigenic variations, as reported for the relapsing fever spirochete, B. hermsii,
      is suggested.

PMID- 3688318
TI  - Vertical transmission of dengue viruses by mosquitoes of the Aedes scutellaris
      group.
AB  - Seventeen strains of mosquitoes belonging to 12 species in the Aedes scutellaris
      subgroup were tested for an ability to transmit one or more dengue virus
      serotype(s) vertically. Strains of virus employed for dengue types 1, 2, 3, and 4
      were from Fiji, Bangkok, Burma, and Medan, respectively. After parental females
      were infected by intrathoracic inoculation, F1 larval and pupal progeny were
      tested for the presence of virus by inoculating aliquots of triturated
      suspensions into Toxorhynchites amboinensis mosquitoes. Dengue type 1 was
      transmitted vertically by 11 strains of mosquitoes representing 8 species with
      the highest filial infection rates observed for Ae. cooki (1.2%). Vertical
      transmission of the other dengue virus serotypes was observed for fewer species
      of mosquitoes, however the filial infection rates of those demonstrating vertical
      transmission were between 1%-2% for types 2 and 3, and about 0.5% for type 4.
      Tests with the progeny of individual Ae. cooki and Ae. polynesiensis infected
      with dengue virus types 1 and 3, respectively, showed that approximately greater
      than or equal to 50% of the parental females transmitted virus to their progeny.
      Highest filial infection rates were 6.7% for Ae. cooki and 4.6% for Ae.
      polynesiensis.

PMID- 3688317
TI  - Bites by the Philippine cobra (Naja naja philippinensis): an important cause of
      death among rice farmers.
AB  - We investigated mortality from cobra (Naja naja philippinensis) bite among
      Filipino rice farmers. Village records in one area were examined and we conducted
      a careful survey in this and two additional areas among inhabitants at varying
      risk for snakebite. The death rate from cobra bite was estimated to be as high as
      107.1 deaths per 100,000 population per year at one site. Most victims were young
      (median age 17) and 98% were males. Only 8% of the victims studied reached a
      hospital. The confirmed death rate averaged 53.8/100,000 for the three
      populations.

PMID- 3688319
TI  - Antigenic uniformity of topotype strains of Thogoto virus from Africa, Europe,
      and Asia.
AB  - Prototype Thogoto virus from Kenya and Thogoto virus isolates from Portugal,
      Italy, Nigeria, Central African Republic, Cameroon, and Iran were cross-tested by
      hemagglutination inhibition and serum dilution plaque reduction neutralization.
      Considering the broad geographic distribution of these strains, the antigenic
      differences seen appear to be essentially minor. This uniformity suggests that
      the distribution of Thogoto virus is due to repeated introduction of virus from
      common sources and that such introduction may depend on the movement of tick
      infested domestic animals.

PMID- 3688320
TI  - Factors influencing the transmission of western equine encephalomyelitis virus
      between its vertebrate maintenance hosts and from them to humans.
AB  - A simple model is used to explore the extent to which the uniquely comprehensive
      studies of western equine encephalomyelitis in Kern County, California, by Reeves
      and his colleagues over many years, explain the dynamics and epidemiology of the
      infection. It is concluded that not only does this series of integrated field and
      laboratory studies successfully account for these phenomena, to an extent which
      is unlikely to be substantially improved upon, not least because of the inherent
      difficulties in measuring the key factors with greater precision; but it also
      provides a unique model of the dedication and ingenuity required if comparable
      levels of understanding of the ecology and epidemiology of other arbovirus
      infections are to be achieved.

PMID- 3688321
TI  - [Pre- and postmenopausal myoma of the uterus as a marker of gyneco-oncologic
      pathology].

PMID- 3688322
TI  - [Hypertrophy of smooth muscle cells as an element of the pathogenesis of rapid
      growth of a myomatous node].

PMID- 3688323
TI  - [Biogenic amine metabolism in patients with myoma of the uterus].

PMID- 3688324
TI  - [Estrogen and progesterone receptor systems of the endometrium in benign tumors
      of the uterus and ovary].

PMID- 3688325
TI  - [Achievements and prospects of Soviet gynecology].

PMID- 3688326
TI  - [Optimum treatment of polyps of the cervix uteri].

PMID- 3688327
TI  - [Results of treatment of atypical endometrial hyperplasia].

PMID- 3688328
TI  - [Value of contact fluorescent colpomicroscopy in the diagnosis of pathological
      processes of the cervix uteri].

PMID- 3688329
TI  - [Androgen and glucocorticoid receptors in tumors of patients with endometrial
      cancer].

PMID- 3688330
TI  - [Indicators of cellular immunity in patients with ovarian cancer and methods of
      their correction].

PMID- 3688331
TI  - [Chorionepithelioma of the uterine tube: diagnostic difficulties and errors].

PMID- 3688332
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of breast tumors during pregnancy and lactation].

PMID- 3688333
TI  - [Effects of gynecologic surgery on the colloid-osmotic state of blood plasma].

PMID- 3688334
TI  - [Current clinical aspects of urogenital fistulas and choice of the best surgical
      method of their correction].

PMID- 3688335
TI  - [Treatment of urinary stress incontinence in women with prolapse of the genital
      organs].

PMID- 3688336
TI  - [Relations between immune and hormonal homeostasis and the hemostatic system in
      normal menstrual cycle].

PMID- 3688338
TI  - [Analysis of methods and trends in the diagnosis of uterine cancer based on data
      in Soviet publications 1970-1980].

PMID- 3688337
TI  - [Reasons for using antioxidants in the treatment of female genital tuberculosis].

PMID- 3688339
TI  - [Analysis of Soviet publications on the diagnosis of ovarian cancer 1970-1980].

PMID- 3688340
TI  - [Clinical and morphological features of ovarian teratoma].

PMID- 3688341
TI  - [Lymphogenic methods of antibiotic therapy in emergency gynecology].

PMID- 3688342
TI  - [Surgical component in the treatment of patients with cancer of the cervix
      uteri].

PMID- 3688343
TI  - [Characteristics of intensive therapy in obstetrics].

PMID- 3688344
TI  - [Activity of natural killer cells in physiological pregnancy and late pregnancy
      toxemia].

PMID- 3688345
TI  - [Characteristics of the immunological status of women in missed abortion].

PMID- 3688346
TI  - [Placental insufficiency in late pregnancy toxemia: its prevention and detection
      at women's consultation centers].

PMID- 3688347
TI  - [Lipid peroxidation in the mother-placenta-fetus system in nephropathy and
      delivery of low-birth weight infants].

PMID- 3688348
TI  - [Intravascular aggregation and the reaction of release of thrombocytes in
      parturients and their fetuses in nephropathy and heart defects].

PMID- 3688349
TI  - [Clinical and epidemiological aspects of labor in late pregnancy toxemia].

PMID- 3688350
TI  - [Metabolic activity of the lungs in parturients with nephropathy complicated by
      acute renal failure].

PMID- 3688351
TI  - [Bacterial contamination of the skin of the breasts in pregnant women].

PMID- 3688352
TI  - [Utero-placental circulation in pregnant women with bacterial infections and
      varicose veins].

PMID- 3688353
TI  - [Serum immunoglobulins and pregnancy proteins in pregnant women, carriers of
      pathogenic and opportunistic microflora].

PMID- 3688354
TI  - [Clinico-microbiological characteristics of endometritis after cesarean section].

PMID- 3688355
TI  - [Value of hysteroscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of puerperal endometritis].

PMID- 3688356
TI  - [Functional state of the hypophyseal-ovarian system in women with a history of
      puerperal infection and endometritis].

PMID- 3688357
TI  - [Evaluation of disorders of respiratory function of the lungs and blood after
      closed mitral commissurotomy in pregnant women].

PMID- 3688358
TI  - [Changes in pancreatic enzyme activity in the blood serum during pregnancy].

PMID- 3688359
TI  - [Effectiveness of intraosseous administration of antibiotics in patients with
      severe septic complications after cesarean section].

PMID- 3688361
TI  - [Correction of disorders of renal and central hemodynamics after surgical
      treatment of suppurative pyelonephritis in pregnancy].

PMID- 3688360
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of pre-anemic state in the early periods of gestation].

PMID- 3688362
TI  - [Status of the hemostasis system in mild forms of late pregnancy toxemias].

PMID- 3688363
TI  - [Effect of plaguenil on fetal and neonatal development (experimental study)].

PMID- 3688364
TI  - [Expert evaluation of temporary disability with regard to pregnancy, abortion and
      labor].

PMID- 3688365
TI  - [Management of pregnancy and labor in patients with viral hepatitis].

PMID- 3688366
TI  - Hair matrix differentiation. Occurrence in lesions other than pilomatricoma.
AB  - The formation of structures resembling hair matrices is the least common form of
      follicular differentiation and only occurs with any frequency in pilomatricoma.
      Rarely, follicular cysts and both benign and malignant adnexal tumors can show
      areas of pilomatricoma-like change, or hair matrix differentiation. Examples of
      focal hair matrix differentiation in a follicular cyst, a cutaneous mixed tumor,
      and an adnexal carcinoma are presented. Each of these cases also demonstrates the
      presence of limited differentiation toward structures of the inner root sheath.

PMID- 3688367
TI  - Cutaneous microthrombi: a histologic clue to the diagnosis of hypereosinophilic
      syndrome.
AB  - Hypereosinophilic syndrome is a rare systemic disease that frequently has
      cutaneous lesions. Past reviews of the histopathology of the skin lesions have
      revealed a nonspecific dermal infiltrate with occasional eosinophils as a
      constant finding. A case of hypereosinophilic syndrome with cutaneous
      manifestations, in which the skin biopsy demonstrated multiple cutaneous
      microthrombi, is reported. The diagnostic and prognostic significance of this
      finding is discussed.

PMID- 3688368
TI  - Trabecular (Merkel cell) carcinoma arising in the wall of an epidermal cyst.
AB  - A trabecular (Merkel cell) carcinoma arising in the wall of an epidermal cyst in
      a 58-year-old white male metastasized, 17 months after local excision, to an
      inguinal lymph node. Ultrastructural studies showed polygonal tumor cells with
      typical dense-core granules. Although squamous-cell carcinoma and other malignant
      neoplasms have been reported rarely to have arisen in epidermal cysts, a
      literature search failed to find a precedent for the present case.

PMID- 3688369
TI  - Melanotic macules and melanoacanthomas of the lip. A comparative study with
      census of the basal melanocyte population.
AB  - Fifteen labial melanotic macules and three melanoacanthomas of the lip were
      studied with particular regard to their distinguishing histopathological features
      including a quantitative study of the basal melanocyte population. Both of these
      entities show an increased population of melanocytes arranged as single units
      along the junctional zone. These conditions differ from each other primarily by
      the presence of intraepithelial melanocytes in melanoacanthoma. In our opinion,
      the melanotic macule of the lip has numerous histological counterparts that occur
      on other mucosal and cutaneous surfaces. Oral mucosal analogies to the labial
      melanoacanthoma also exist.

PMID- 3688370
TI  - Stratospheric ozone depletion. A proposed solution to the problem.

PMID- 3688371
TI  - Unusual proliferating trichilemmal cyst.

PMID- 3688372
TI  - [Maxillary sinusitis in children with respiratory allergy].

PMID- 3688373
TI  - [IgE, eosinophils and parasitoses. A pilot study].

PMID- 3688374
TI  - Selection of patients for biological standardization as exemplified by
      standardization of mugwort, goosefoot and English plantain pollen allergen
      extracts/preparations.
AB  - The biological activity of a partly purified, biochemically/immunochemically
      characterized mugwort pollen allergen preparation and crude pollen extracts of
      mugwort, goosefoot and English plantain was determined by means of skin prick
      test (SPT). The patient inclusion criteria with mugwort were a well-defined
      positive clinical history and a positive SPT. Symptoms related to
      goosefoot/English plantain pollens are difficult to define, as these weeds flower
      during the grass pollen season. Thus patients tested with these allergens did not
      fulfill the most important inclusion criterion for so-called biological
      standardization. To elicit a wheal of the same size as that produced by histamine
      1 mg/ml required 100 to 10,000 times more material from these weeds, than from
      mugwort and other pollen allergen extracts investigated earlier. One thousand
      Biological Units/ml (BU/ml) corresponded to 8.3 micrograms dry weight (dw/ml) of
      the crude and 1.8 micrograms dw/ml of the purified mugwort pollen allergen
      preparation. Only 7/22 goosefoot-and English plantain-tested patients were
      positive at conjunctival or nasal challenge. All three weeds showed a similar
      composition with 5-10 allergens by CIE/CRIE analysis and 10-13 by immunoblotting
      analysis. One dominating allergen (approx. 15,000 d), could be identified for
      each weed species by protein gel blot after separation by SDS g-PAGE. There was
      no other explanation for the difference in biological activity than the criteria
      of selection. If there is no obvious clinical history, which is the main patient
      inclusion criterion in biological standardization, then additional criteria
      should be used.

PMID- 3688375
TI  - In vitro effect of beclomethasone dipropionate and flunisolide on the mobility of
      human nasal cilia.
AB  - Human nasal cilia were perfused with aqueous solutions of two corticosteroid
      aerosols, beclomethasone dipropionate (BPD) and flunisolide, with the main
      preservative of flunisolide, propylene glycol, and with placebo. The
      concentration used were BPD 0.1 mg/ml, 0.05 mg/ml, 0.005 mg/ml and 0.0005 mg/ml,
      flunisolide 0.25 mg/ml, 0.05 mg/ml, 0.025 mg/ml and 0.00025 mg/ml, and propylene
      glycol 20 mg/ml and 200 mg/ml. A dose-related decrease in ciliary beating
      frequency (CBF) was seen after perfusion with both BDP and flunisolide as well as
      propylene glycol. The decrease in CBF following perfusion with propylene glycol
      was partially reversible upon re-perfusion with medium alone, whereas the
      decrease seen after BDP and flunisolide was irreversible. Although previous
      studies have shown no adverse effect on the mucous membrane except for the areas
      hit by the impact of the sprays, our results suggest that caution should be taken
      when the dose and/or the length of treatment is considered, and that the effect
      of administration of these drugs on CBF in vivo needs to be investigated.

PMID- 3688376
TI  - Fixed ventilation during tidal volume breathing bronchial challenge may improve
      repeatability.
AB  - Tidal breathing during bronchial challenge shows both between- and within-subject
      variation. A challenge protocol permitting controlled ventilation was designed in
      order to improve repeatability of the method. Twenty-five patients were
      challenged twice with an interval of 2 h. The 2 min ventilation was kept constant
      at each concentration administered. During the 2 min inhalation of aerosol all
      expired air (VE) was led through a dry gas meter and respiratory frequency was
      counted concomitantly. The patients were instructed to achieve the same 2 min
      ventilation at each dosage. All patients accomplished the two challenges without
      problems. A PC20 was determined by interpolation on the log dose-response curve.
      Repeatability was improved compared to what has been found in previous studies on
      adults, although statistically non-significant when compared to one study. The
      95% confidence interval for PC20 based on a single determination was rather
      narrow, being the observed value +/- 0.58 two-fold concentration differences.

PMID- 3688377
TI  - Adrenocortical function in children on high-dose steroid aerosol therapy. Results
      of serum cortisol, ACTH stimulation test and 24 hour urinary free cortical
      excretion.
AB  - The adrenocortical function was investigated in 18 children treated with high
      doses of inhaled glucocorticoid aerosol (mean: 1965 micrograms/1.73 m2 body
      surface a day). Basal serum cortisol was only below the normal range in patients
      treated with doses exceeding 2500 micrograms/1.73 m2 body surface. 15 of 18
      children had normal 24 h urinary free cortisol excretion, compared with 27 normal
      children matched for age, sex and body surface. Three patients taking more than
      2400 micrograms/1.73 m2 body surface showed excretion values below the range for
      the normal controls. 10 of 12 patients showed a normal response to a short ACTH
      stimulation test. One patient treated with 3300 micrograms/1.73 m2 body surface
      showed no response and one patient gave a borderline response to ACTH. We
      concluded that doses up to 2000 micrograms/1.73 m2 body surface/24 can be
      administered by pressurized aerosol with little risk of adrenocortical
      suppression.

PMID- 3688378
TI  - Diminished atherosclerotic arterial calcifications in asthma. A possible role for
      elevated endogenous heparin-like material.
AB  - Twenty-seven patients beyond the age of 50 were radiographically compared with
      age- and sex-matched controls for the degree of calcified atherosclerotic plaque
      formation in the aorta and its major pelvic branches. Significantly less
      calcification was present in the aorta, iliac and hypogastric arteries of the
      asthmatics (P = 0.01). Previous studies in other asthmatic patients have shown
      elevated endogenous heparin-like material to be present in their plasma. It is
      speculated that diminished atherosclerosis in asthmatic patients might be a
      consequence of elevated circulating endogenous heparin-like material.

PMID- 3688379
TI  - [Change in the adhesiveness of polymorphonuclear neutrophilic granulocytes by the
      intravenous anesthetics midazolam and ketamine].
AB  - The influence of midazolam and ketamine on polymorphonuclear neutrophil
      granulocyte (PMN) adherence was investigated in vitro by using nylon fiber
      columns. Both a concentration of 1.0 microgram midazolam/ml blood and 0.2
      microgram/ml caused a reduction of adherence. This decrease was significant (p
      less than 0.05) in the case of the higher dosage. The two concentrations of
      ketamine used (1.3 micrograms/ml resp. 0.5 microgram/ml) produced a significant
      reduction of adherence too. Thus both anesthetic agents are able to impair PMN
      function in vitro dose-dependently. This feature is possibly related to increased
      risk of postoperative bacterial infection. Further studies concerning this
      problem should be conducted.

PMID- 3688380
TI  - [Effect of isoflurane on intracranial pressure].
AB  - The influence exercised by isoflurane on intracranial pressure is studied in a
      total of 22 patients subjected to neurosurgery. Of these, 12 patients had brain
      tumours, 4 hydrocephalus occlusus (preoperative measurement of the intracranial
      pressure) and 6 severe craniocerebral trauma (continuous monitoring of
      intracranial pressure). In the patients suffering from cerebral tumours the
      intracranial pressure remained generally unchanged under isoflurane or dropped
      only slightly in accordance with the drop in median arterial pressure. This drop
      in median arterial pressure was considerable (-20% to -30%). In patients with
      hydrocephalus occlusus a biphasic course of the intracranial pressure was
      frequently observed. After a transient rise the pressure dropped again to the
      starting level. Isoflurane, on the other hand, led to marked increases in
      intracranial pressure in 5 patients with craniocerebral trauma (+4 to 22 mmHg).
      If the median arterial pressure also dropped at the same time, critical ranges
      were occasionally calculated for the cerebral perfusion pressure. The influence
      of nitrous oxide in respect of the performance of isoflurane in connection with
      intracranial pressure is discussed. It appears possible that in contrast to
      halothane isoflurane does not further increase the intracranial pressure if used
      in low doses and in the presence of nitrous oxide. However, the results presented
      here point to the need to exercise caution when using isoflurane in patients with
      markedly limited intracranial compliance.

PMID- 3688381
TI  - [Erroneous determination of arterial blood pressure depending on the site of
      measurement, in excessive catecholamine therapy in low cardiac output syndrome].
AB  - Five cases are presented where invasive measurement of blood pressure in the
      femoral or radial artery alone resulted in considerable underestimation of the
      systemic pressure. This underlines the need to compare measurement values
      obtained by an invasive method, critically with the overall clinical pattern
      presented by the patient and to countercheck on these data--as the case may be-
      by effecting appropriate measurements in other arteries as well.

PMID- 3688383
TI  - [Relaxometry with the Accelograph. Description of the instrument and initial
      clinical experiences].
AB  - The accelograph, made by Biometer/Danmark is a new myomechanograph. Registration
      of electromechanical effects is performed by measuring the acceleration of the
      thumb during N. ulnaris stimulation using an piezoelectric transducer. In
      addition to train-of-four parameters an intensive neuromuscular blockade can be
      quantified by posttetanic potentiation. The microprocessor controlled apparatus
      is easy to use. Using an external printer a complete documentation of
      relaxometric parameters is provided.

PMID- 3688382
TI  - [Gelatinous tear substitutes and nonspecific eye ointments in the critical care
      unit and in perioperative use].
AB  - The effect of Vidisic (a new jelly artificial tear solution) and an ointment
      basing on Dexpanthenol on the tear production and the tear film stability was
      studied both on patients in the intensive care units (ICU) and during operations.
      In 10 relaxed and ventilated patients of the ICU there was no significant change
      in the tear production after application of either therapy. In 30 patients,
      undergoing surgery in endotracheal anaesthesia, the break-up-time and the test
      according to Schirmer were measured pre- and postoperatively. Like in the ICU
      patients no difference in tear production could be found. Regarding the stability
      of the precorneal tear film however Vidisic was more effective than ointment
      basing on Dexpanthenol. Especially this clear jelly artificial tear solution
      allowed in contrast to the ointment a permanent and reliable judgement of the
      pupillary reaction. In addition the patients felt more comfortable with Vidisic.

PMID- 3688384
TI  - ["Round the clock"--an information service for malignant hyperthermia
      emergencies].
AB  - A 24-hour 7-day telephone service has been created for emergency consultation: MH
      hotline 030/3035504 (daytime) or 030/30351 (after office hours). In emergencies
      callers should ask for a consultant, indicating the code word "malignant
      hyperthermia" and give their name, the name of the institution and the telephone
      number.

PMID- 3688385
TI  - Future organisation of anaesthetic health care.

PMID- 3688386
TI  - A comparison of the early pharmacokinetics of midazolam in pregnant and
      nonpregnant women.
AB  - The early pharmacokinetics of midazolam were compared in pregnant (active labour,
      awaiting and during elective Caesarean section) and matched gynaecological
      patients scheduled to undergo elective hysterectomy, half of whom were given an
      oxytocin infusion. A standard dose of 5 mg was given intravenously. For the first
      15 minutes patients in labour had significantly higher plasma midazolam levels
      compared to all other groups. This was associated with the largest area under the
      curve (2 hours), the smallest volume of distribution and lowest clearance.
      Midazolam when given immediately before Caesarean section, can result in
      depression of the infant.

PMID- 3688387
TI  - Intravenous sedation for cataract surgery.
AB  - Fifty-five unpremedicated outpatients scheduled for cataract surgery were
      randomly allocated to receive either a fixed dose of nalbuphine and methohexitone
      or fentanyl and diazepam administered in a dose adjusted to produce the required
      sedative effect. Statistical analysis revealed no difference between groups with
      regard to immediate side effects, intra-ocular pressure or postoperative nausea
      or vomiting. Recovery time from administration of the sedative until compliance
      with simple commands was significantly longer in the nalbuphine/morphine group
      (89 vs 196 seconds) but this was not felt to be of clinical importance. This
      combination was better in terms of sedation at the time of insertion of the nerve
      blocks, lack of recall of insertion of the nerve block, incidence of intra
      operative complications, surgeon's assessment of operating conditions and patient
      acceptability. This fixed dose by weight drug combination for intravenous
      sedation should be applied widely.

PMID- 3688388
TI  - Local tissue oxygenation following radial artery cannulation.
AB  - The effect of radial artery cannulation on local tissue oxygenation and acid-base
      balance was studied in 20 patients. Using capillary samples drawn from each
      thumb, a significant difference was observed between capillary PO2 on each side
      (p less than 0.001), with the higher PO2 on the cannulated side. There were no
      significant differences between sides in terms of [H+] or PCO2. It is considered
      that the differences in capillary PO2 were due to local tissue vasodilatation.
      The presence of chlorbutol in the sodium heparin flushing solution is implicated
      as the causative factor. Further study of 20 patients using preservative-free
      heparin demonstrated no significant differences between cannulated and non
      cannulated sides in terms of capillary PO2, PCO2 or [H+]. Sodium heparin with
      chlorbutol appears to improve local tissue oxygenation and is recommended for use
      in flushing solutions for invasive arterial monitoring.

PMID- 3688389
TI  - Cardiac arrest in near-term pregnancy.
AB  - This case study emphasises the multiple factors that may be involved in the
      precipitation of electromechanical dissociation, which are compounded by
      additional problems that relate to pregnancy. It reinforces the value of the
      tracheal route for drug administration when a central vein is not cannulated and
      stresses the importance of posture and early consideration of Caesarean section
      in the pre-term gravid patient who has sustained a cardiac arrest.

PMID- 3688390
TI  - Anaphylactoid reactions to prilocaine.

PMID- 3688391
TI  - A case of prolonged hypotension following intravenous guanethidine block.
AB  - A 25-year-old female developed causalgia following a nerve injury in the left
      hand, and this was treated successfully with a series of intravenous guanethidine
      blocks. However, after the 13th block, systolic arterial blood pressure decreased
      to 60 mmHg and remained low (80 mmHg) for one week. Accumulation of guanethidine
      at the sympathetic nerve ending, resulting in autonomic denervation, might be the
      underlying mechanism of the prolonged hypotension. Treatment was conservative;
      however, the use of tricyclic antidepressants and sympathomimetic amines to
      restore the blood pressure to a normal level can be considered with appropriate
      caution.

PMID- 3688392
TI  - Closed-loop administration of atracurium. Steady-state neuromuscular blockade
      during surgery using a computer controlled closed-loop atracurium infusion.
AB  - The advent of newer muscle relaxants with predictable rates of metabolism and
      times of offset of neuromuscular blockade now makes it possible to use
      intravenous infusion safely as a mode of delivery. This has many advantages over
      administration by intermittent bolus. Moreover, it is feasible to use a servo
      system for their delivery. We have developed and evaluated such a system which is
      portable and requires little computer expertise to set up and use. It is a useful
      adjunct to routine anaesthesia, as well as a potentially powerful research tool.

PMID- 3688393
TI  - An epidural infusion technique for labour.
AB  - A regimen to facilitate control of epidural infusions in labour has been
      developed which allows midwives to alter infusion rates to maintain satisfactory
      analgesia. The technique was used successfully in 30 patients and, in a
      prospective study, was compared with women who received conventional top-up
      epidurals. It was found that infusions provided comparable analgesia and
      decreased midwife workload but resulted in a higher dosage of bupivacaine.

PMID- 3688394
TI  - The Triservice anaesthetic apparatus. Trial of isoflurane and enflurane as
      alternatives to halothane.
AB  - Sixty male patients undergoing limb surgery were anaesthetised using a drawover
      technique with the Triservice apparatus. They were randomly allocated to receive
      trichloroethylene and one of three other volatile agents (halothane, enflurane or
      isoflurane) after thiopentone induction. Signs of inadequate anaesthesia were
      noted. The incidence of such signs was not significantly different in the three
      groups. Similarly, no qualitative difference could be demonstrated in the
      immediate recovery, but the recovery time was significantly shorter with
      enflurane.

PMID- 3688395
TI  - Interview method affects incidence of postoperative sore throat.
AB  - Two hundred and forty-two routine surgical patients who had undergone general
      anaesthesia, were questioned about postoperative sore throat by one of two
      methods, either direct or indirect questioning. A significantly higher incidence
      of sore throat was obtained by direct questioning (p less than 0.001).

PMID- 3688396
TI  - Antiemetic studies with traditional Chinese acupuncture. A comparison of manual
      needling with electrical stimulation and commonly used antiemetics.
AB  - The application of low frequency (10 Hz) electrical current for 5 minutes to an
      acupuncture needle placed at the P6 (Neiguan) point is as effective as manual
      needling in the reduction of emetic sequelae in women premedicated with
      nalbuphine 10 mg for a minor gynaecological operation carried out under a
      standard anaesthetic. Both were slightly, but not significantly, better than the
      antiemetic properties of cyclizine 50 mg.

PMID- 3688397
TI  - Unintentional dural puncture. A survey of recognition and management.
AB  - A survey of the recognition and management of 21 unintentional dural punctures
      that occurred in a series of 3500 obstetric epidurals is presented. In seven
      cases, dural puncture was not recognised at the time of occurrence and two
      patients may have subsequently received mixed epidural and subarachnoid
      analgesia. In two patients with dural puncture in whom air had been used to
      locate the epidural space, cerebrospinal fluid did not drip from the hub of the
      needle. A test dose did not reveal incorrect catheter placement in seven
      patients. The provision of an epidural infusion of Hartmann's solution for 24
      hours, together with bed rest, appeared to delay the onset of dural puncture
      headache rather than prevent it entirely. Blood patching was required only in
      five of the 21 patients but was entirely successful. The implications of these
      observations in relationship to obstetric epidural practice are discussed.

PMID- 3688398
TI  - Visibility of pharyngeal structures as a predictor of difficult intubation.

PMID- 3688399
TI  - Ergometrine and bronchospasm.

PMID- 3688400
TI  - Erroneous actuation of the pulse oximeter.

PMID- 3688401
TI  - Improving the success rate of axillary block.

PMID- 3688402
TI  - Resistance to cardioplegia.

PMID- 3688403
TI  - Efficiency of heat and moisture exchangers.

PMID- 3688404
TI  - Expiratory obstruction in a circle system.

PMID- 3688405
TI  - Supine faints.

PMID- 3688406
TI  - Treatment of accidental hypothermia with the Clinitron bed.

PMID- 3688407
TI  - A problem with the Argyll tube.

PMID- 3688408
TI  - Hanging drop and extradural pressures.

PMID- 3688409
TI  - Intra-operative myocardial ischaemia.

PMID- 3688410
TI  - [Effect of fentanyl and enflurane on sensory evoked potentials in the human in
      basic flunitrazepam/N2O anesthesia].
AB  - The use of evoked potential recording is commonly employed for monitoring
      peripheral and central sensory functions during neurosurgical procedures.
      However, the neuronal structures studied must not be changed by the anesthetic
      agents used. In this connection, the influence of two anesthetics, fentanyl and
      enflurane, on evoked potentials was investigated under basic anesthesia. A total
      of 60 patients undergoing lumbar disc removal were included in the study.
      Somatosensory (SEP), auditory (AEP), and visual (VEP) evoked potentials were each
      recorded in 20 patients the day before operation. Basic anesthesia was induced
      with flunitrazepam, nitrous oxide, and pancuronium bromide. Following induction,
      recordings of evoked potentials were again made. One half of each group of 20
      patients received increasing doses of fentanyl (1.8, 3.6, and 7.2 micrograms/kg
      in the somatosensory and auditory groups; 4.0 and 8.0 micrograms/kg in the visual
      group). The other half was given increasing inspiratory concentrations of
      enflurane (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 vol.%). At each level of anesthesia, SEPs, AEPs or
      VEPs were recorded. As compared with preoperative recordings, post-stimulus
      latencies were virtually unaffected by the basic anesthesia. Fentanyl caused
      little increase in the latencies of middle-latency-SEPs and of peak P2 of the
      VEPs. With enflurane, however, the latencies of the SEPs were dose-dependently
      prolonged, in particular those of the later components (P25 to N55). The same was
      true for the peak P2 in the VEPs. AEPs were not changed at all. From the results
      it can be concluded that enflurane, but not fentanyl, impairs impulse conduction
      in central synaptic pathways.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3688411
TI  - [Acoustically evoked brain stem potentials. Prerequisites for clinical use, data
      quality and sources of error].
AB  - Ninety patients were subjected to brain-stem auditory evoked potential (BAEP)
      measurements in the intensive care unit. The data are analyzed and discussed with
      respect to their quality, reliability, and reproducibility. BAEPs of a quality
      satisfactory for diagnosis were found in 90% of the patients. About 10% of the
      measurements were distorted by artifacts and could not be used for diagnostic
      purposes. Reasons for these artifacts and problems of interpretation are
      discussed. Examples of single BAEPs and on-line monitoring of BAEPs in the form
      of "compressed BAEPs" are shown.

PMID- 3688412
TI  - [Effect of the calcium antagonist nimodipine on hemodynamics, gas exchange and
      endocrine parameters in opiate anesthesia].
AB  - During opiate anesthesia (standardized dosage of fentanyl) for operation of
      cerebral aneurysms after subarachnoid hemorrhage, different hemodynamic,
      respiratory, metabolic, and endocrine parameters were determined before (1 in
      Fig. 1-4), after (6), and during consecutive stages of induced hypotension
      (systolic blood pressure 100 mmHg (2), 90 mmHg (3), 80 mmHg (4, 5) during an
      interval of 20 min), comparing two groups with different vasodilating drugs. In
      the first group (nimo/NNP in Figs. 2-4) a constant infusion of nimodipine was
      applied (1.2 micrograms/kg b.w. X min-1), while sodium nitroprusside (NNP) was
      added in small amounts as necessary to achieve the respective values of systolic
      blood pressure. In the second group (NNP in Figs. 2-4) induced hypotension was
      done with NNP alone (maximal dosage: 8 micrograms/kg X min-1). Each group
      consisted of 11 patients. Additional nimodipine (in the first group), a calcium
      antagonist commonly recommended for preventing vasospasm and consequent
      neurologic deficits after subarachnoid hemorrhage, not only reduced the need for
      NNP, a vasodilating drug with potential toxicity, by 70%-80% as compared to the
      second group (Table 1). In addition, the cardiovascular situation was more stable
      in patients with nimodipine infusion: rapid variations of blood pressure and
      heart rate as well as tachyphylaxis and rebound, typical for NNP-induced
      hypotension, were avoided. Nevertheless, comparing the hemodynamic data at fixed
      stages of hypotension, there were only minor differences between both groups
      (Fig. 2). Reduction of blood pressure was due to a decrease in vascular
      resistance and was accompanied by an increase in cardiac output.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3688413
TI  - [How valuable for prognosis is the perioperative assessment of serum creatinine
      values with reference to postoperative renal complications in risk patients?].
AB  - Renal function is not considered to be as important as cardiovascular or
      respiratory function during the perioperative period. Nevertheless, recent
      studies demonstrate a significant correlation between preoperative levels of
      creatinine and postoperative disturbances of kidney function. METHOD AND RESULTS:
      In a retrospective study 250 patients with the ASA physical status classification
      III and IV were investigated. All patients had a preoperative creatinine level
      greater than 1.0 mg/dl. For further investigations patients were divided into two
      groups; group I consisted of patients with preoperative creatinine level of 1.0
      1.19 mg/dl; group II patients had preoperative creatinine levels greater than 1.2
      mg/dl. Postoperatively these parameters were monitored on the 1st, 3rd and 5th
      days. A deterioration of renal function was seen postoperatively in all high risk
      patients (Tables 3, 4). Group II patients showed significant changes in kidney
      function on the 3rd and 5th postoperative days (p less than 0.005). During the
      study period the creatinine levels in this group did not return to normal values.
      In this group four patients suffered acute postoperative kidney failure, and two
      of these died. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In a recent study Hou et al. [5] could
      show that 5% of all patients suffer renal insufficiency during their hospital
      stay. Mortality for acquired renal failure is still 40-70%. The most important
      factor in the development of disturbances of kidney function is pre-existing
      kidney disease. The patients investigated in this study were high-risk patients.
      Cardiovascular complications during the perioperative phase are common, and
      hemodynamically mediated renal failure is the most frequent form of kidney
      failure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3688414
TI  - [Use of a computer program for statistical calculation of various research data
      in anesthesia].
AB  - A software package for statistical data analysis will be discussed. The program
      "Test" help also in the computer entry and storage of data. This database package
      is available for small Personal Computer with a capacity of 512 kB, working with
      a Disk Operating System (DOS). "Test" is a very simple and very fast working
      statistical package. The most important advantages of this system are: (1) Simple
      to work and to learn, (2) Simple data collection and processing, (3) Very fast
      data analysis and calculation, (4) Checking of test assumptions, (5) Detailed
      demonstrations of results both with a matrix printer and computer display.

PMID- 3688415
TI  - [Lung hemorrhage as a sequela of heart catheterization study].
AB  - We report a case of pulmonary hemoptysis induced by a balloon-tipped catheter.
      The bleeding ceased spontaneously. Factors known to be associated with pulmonary
      artery rupture such as pulmonary hypertension, anticoagulant therapy, and
      advanced age were absent in our patient. Bleeding occurred despite careful
      consideration of the guidelines for right heart catheterization suggested by Swan
      and Ganz in 1974. We conclude that hemoptysis may be a complication of balloon
      tipped right heart catheterization even in the absence of risk factors for this
      procedure. Therefore the indication for this intervention should be considered
      carefully.

PMID- 3688416
TI  - [Postoperative on-demand analgesia with fentanyl using the CODIC infusion system.
      Initial clinical experiences].
AB  - Postoperative patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) was studied in 24 ASA I-III
      patients recovering from major gynecological surgery, who were allowed to self
      administer i.v. fentanyl doses by means of the CODIC programmable infusion
      system. The total dose was governed by a special algorithm which made demand
      doses decline with time in a pseudo-exponential manner; lockout time was 4 min.
      Duration of the PCA period was 16.6 +/- 5.3 h (mean, SD), during which time 409
      +/- 170 micrograms fentanyl was infused. The analgesic efficacy was scored
      retrospectively as "moderate pain all the time". Half the fentanyl dose was
      administered during the first 6 h of treatment, when pain relief was
      significantly better than during the remainder of the study. Possible
      explanations for these observations are discussed.

PMID- 3688417
TI  - [The endocrine stress-reaction to orotracheal intubation and topical anesthesia
      with lidocaine].
AB  - The influence of laryngoscopy and intubation with or without topical lidocaine
      anesthesia on the endocrine stress response was investigated in six groups of 40
      orthopedic surgery patients differing in premedication and technique of lidocaine
      application (one- or two-step method). Controls were included without lidocaine
      application. Plasma levels of catecholamines (by HPLC) were measured before
      induction and 1, 5, and 10 min after intubation, ADH-levels (by RIA) before
      induction and 5 and 10 min after intubation. In addition, mean arterial pressure
      (MAP, MAP), HR, and the incidence of coughing and cardiac arrhythmias were
      observed. The statistical evaluation (analysis of variance with repeated measures
      on one factor) considered P values of less than 0.05 significant. There was no
      influence of laryngoscopy and intubation on plasma catecholamine levels during
      the observation period. A continuous decrease in both levels of epinephrine and
      norepinephrine was significant. ADH levels showed no significant changes.
      Lidocaine had no influence on these endocrine parameters. MAP and HR increased
      after intubation in all groups studied. The increase in HR was less pronounced
      after lidocaine treatment. Coughing (4 patients) and ventricular dysrhythmia (2
      patients) were observed only in patients without lidocaine treatment. In
      conclusion, no influence of different modes of treatment on the endocrine stress
      response during intubation became obvious. There was no indication that the
      cardiovascular symptoms during laryngoscopy and intubation are caused by systemic
      stress. An explanation may be a direct neural impulse via sympathetic efferents
      to the heart. On the other hand, topical application of lidocaine did prevent
      coughing and cardiac irritation, and the increase in HR was attenuated.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3688418
TI  - [Anesthetic data processing--the Bad Sackinger model].
AB  - A cost-effective computer program for district hospitals has been developed to
      process data from anesthetic charts. Apart from monthly and annual statistics
      relevant to clinical anesthesia and hospital administration, the described system
      allows free data handling of all material stored in the data base. The
      possibilities and limitations of electronic data processing are discussed.

PMID- 3688419
TI  - [Development of an information system for operations].
AB  - The report describes a computer system that provides statistical information on
      the anesthetic and surgical procedures performed by anesthetists and surgeons,
      reports on the operative activity of the anesthesia and surgical departments, and
      assists in daily scheduling of the program. Additional programs can be used for
      billing, displaying the use of (operating room OR) facilities by the various
      surgical divisions, and showing the actual stage of on-line operations with
      monitors. The software system MUMPS has been found to be a low-priced yet
      efficient and versatile multiuser system. The main features of the program are
      ease of use, prospective data entry (i.e. during the entire stay of the patient),
      and the possibility of modifying and expanding the system easily. Missing or
      inaccurate data are automatically brought to the attention of those who have
      performed the operation or the anesthesia by a program that is run periodically.
      The system has been found to be a useful tool for the daily scheduling of the OR
      program. It provides data for better scheduling of personnel and records can also
      be kept regarding the professional experience of physicians. The major deficiency
      of the program at this stage is its lack of a hierarchical structure. For
      example, it is unable to record multiple operations and/or anesthetic procedures
      for the same patient. This deficiency will be corrected in a newer version of the
      program.

PMID- 3688420
TI  - [Remarks on the work of K. Eisler et al. The problems of laser surgery and
      anesthesia].

PMID- 3688421
TI  - [Remarks on the work of H. Drechsler et al. Pulmonary embolism with a new
      volumetric infusion pump].

PMID- 3688423
TI  - [Scientific workshop of the German Society for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care
      Medicine. 27-28 February 1987, Wurburg. Abstracts].

PMID- 3688422
TI  - [Non-invasive Doppler-ultrasound determination of cardiac output. Results and
      experiences with the ACCUCOM].
AB  - Because of the invasiveness of the method, the determination of cardiac output
      (CO) by the thermodilution technique is not without a certain risk to the
      patient. Previous studies have suggested that noninvasive Doppler technology
      could be used to determine the velocity of blood in the aorta. With knowledge of
      the diameter of the aorta, CO can be calculated. The newly developed ACCUCOM
      (Datascope Corp.) measures CO noninvasively by Doppler ultrasound. However, there
      is not much information as to how the ACCUCOM performs in clinical practice. The
      present study was designed to compare the determination of CO by the ACCUCOM with
      that by thermodilution. CO was determined simultaneously in 12 anesthetized
      patients scheduled for abdominal or orthopedic surgery. There was a significant
      but not very tight linear correlation (r = 0.82) between ACCUCOM and reference
      measurements. The ACCUCOM underestimated CO on the average by 32%. In order to
      analyze the ACCUCOM tracking of relative changes in CO, in 6 out of 12 patients
      CO was also determined during cardiac stimulation by isoprenaline (0.5-1.0
      microgram.min-1) IV. The resulting increase in CO was detected reliably using the
      ACCUCOM. It was, however, significantly overestimated by the Doppler technique
      (average increase = 58%) as compared to the reference method (average increase =
      42%). These results suggest the possibility of major deviations in determining CO
      with the ACCUCOM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3688424
TI  - A highly sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography method for the
      estimation of ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acid in tissues, biological fluids,
      and foods.
AB  - A highly sensitive procedure for determining ascorbic acid (AA) and
      dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA) by high-performance liquid chromatography with
      electrochemical detection in biological fluids, tissues, and foods is described.
      AA is separated in a C18 reverse-phase column after extraction from the sample
      with metaphosphoric acid. An aliquot of 20 microliter of diluted extract is
      injected into the column for the estimation of AA. DHAA is indirectly estimated
      by converting it to AA after reduction with DL-homocysteine at pH 7.0-7.2 for 30
      min at 25 degrees C. After dilution, a 20-microliter aliquot is injected into the
      column to obtain total vitamin C (AA + DHAA). The concentration of DHAA is
      calculated by subtraction. AA can be reproducibly quantified at concentrations as
      low as 50 pg/20 microliter of sample extract. The method described here used a
      specially designed mobile phase, gave greater stability and a noiseless baseline,
      and increased substantially the sensitivity and precision. The procedure is
      rapid, analysis being completed within 10 min after sample preparation, and has
      been successfully applied to biological fluids, tissues, and foods.

PMID- 3688425
TI  - A fluorescent ligand for binding studies with glycopeptide antibiotics of the
      vancomycin class.
AB  - A fluorescent tripeptide, epsilon-N-acetyl-alpha-N-dansyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D
      alanine, has been prepared in order to study the thermodynamics and kinetics of
      the binding of peptides and peptide analogs to the glycopeptide antibiotics. On
      titration of the tripeptide with typical examples of these antibiotics
      (vancomycin, ristocetin, alpha- and beta-avoparcin, and teichoplanin), a
      substantial increase in dansyl fluorescence intensity is observed, allowing the
      ready determination of binding constants. The binding constants of nonfluorescent
      ligands can be determined by titration in competition with the fluorescent
      compound. This new general method for the determination of ligand-binding
      constants is superior to previous methods in ease of performance, in its
      sensitivity at low antibiotic concentrations, and in its applicability to
      ultraviolet-light-absorbing ligands. Biphenomycin gave no indication of binding
      to D-alanyl-D-alanine-terminating peptides.

PMID- 3688426
TI  - Synthesis, isolation, and characterization of conjugates of ovalbumin with
      monomethoxypolyethylene glycol using cyanuric chloride as the coupling agent.
AB  - The experimental conditions for the preparation of conjugates of ovalbumin (OA)
      and monomethoxypolyethylene glycol (mPEG) of a preselected average degree of
      conjugation, n, using cyanuric chloride as the coupling agent, have been
      investigated with emphasis on purification and characterization of the products.
      These conjugates served as prototypes of tolerogenic mPEG derivatives of
      antigenic proteins which were capable of suppressing in mammals the immunological
      response to the corresponding unmodified antigens. In other studies in this
      laboratory, the tolerogenicity of OA(mPEG)n conjugates was found to be a function
      of n. The reproducibility of the reaction leading to the production of OA(mPEG)n
      conjugates was shown to depend primarily on the reactivity of the mPEG-cyanuric
      chloride intermediate, which--for best results--had to be synthesized under
      completely anhydrous conditions. Isolation of the OA(mPEG)n conjugates was
      optimized by the use of ion-exchange chromatography whereby rapid removal of
      large amounts of uncoupled intermediate from the conjugate was achieved; the
      conditions of fractionation were affected by the degree of conjugation. This
      method of purification was superior to dialysis, ultrafiltration, and gel
      filtration. Furthermore, by the application of analytical hydrophobic interaction
      HPLC it was possible to differentiate among conjugates of different degrees of
      conjugation and to establish the absence of any detectable free OA in any of the
      preparations. The quantity of mPEG in the conjugates was determined directly by
      NMR.

PMID- 3688427
TI  - Assay of tryptophan decarboxylase from Catharanthus roseus plant cell cultures by
      high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - An assay is described for the enzyme tryptophan decarboxylase from plant cell
      suspension cultures. It is based on the fluorometric detection of tryptamine by
      HPLC on a LiChrosorb RP-8 Select B column. Tryptophan decarboxylase from
      Catharanthus roseus was induced by transferring 14-day-old cells into an
      induction medium. Optimum activity was found 2 days after transfer, the increase
      being 5- to 10-fold. When kept at -15 degrees C the crude enzyme lost half its
      activity in about 7 days. The rate of the decarboxylation reaction was linear for
      at least 3 h at 35 degrees C.

PMID- 3688428
TI  - A spectrophotometric rate assay of aminoacylase.
AB  - Acetamidoacrylate, a synthetic N-acetyl unsaturated amino acid, was hydrolyzed to
      acetate, ammonia, and pyruvate by hog kidney, fungal, and bacterial
      aminoacylases. A spectrophotometric procedure for rate assay of aminoacylase has
      been established with this substrate on the basis of the simultaneous reduction
      of pyruvate with NADH and alanine dehydrogenase. This assay is linear with time
      and enzyme concentration and is useful for kinetic studies of aminoacylase. This
      procedure is not influenced significantly by amino and thiol compounds and metal
      ions, which interfere with the ninhydrin methods traditionally used. Alanine
      dehydrogenase can be replaced by lactate dehydrogenase in the reaction system.

PMID- 3688429
TI  - Quantitative surface studies of protein adsorption by infrared spectroscopy. II.
      Quantification of adsorbed and bulk proteins.
AB  - Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectra of surface
      adsorbed proteins are correlated with concentration measurements determined by
      125I-labeled proteins. This paper demonstrates that linear correlations between
      the intensity of the major bands of proteins and the quantity of proteins can be
      obtained for human albumin and immunoglobulin G up to surface concentrations of
      approximately 0.25 microgram/cm2. A poorer correlation was observed for human
      fibrinogen. A linear correlation was also observed between the concentration in
      the bulk solution and the major bands of albumin up to a concentration of 60
      mg/ml.

PMID- 3688430
TI  - The microfibrillar proteins of human hair: separation by high-performance liquid
      chromatography and isolation of some proteins enriched in glycine and tyrosine.
AB  - The microfibrillar proteins of human hair have been studied by reversed-phase
      high-performance liquid chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis. A chromatographic procedure which isolates the
      microfibrillar proteins from other hair-matrix proteins and separates them into
      collectable fractions has been introduced. These fibrous proteins fall into two
      major subgroups which are resolved into six components. The same procedure has
      also resulted in the identification and simultaneous separation of a group of
      proteins rich in glycine and tyrosine never before detected in human hair.
      Comparative electrophoretic studies of the crude microfibrillar proteins reveal
      five bands with apparent molecular weights of 47,000, 50,000, 53,000, 57,000, and
      62,000. The relationship between the electrophoretic bands and the
      chromatographic fractions is now under investigation.

PMID- 3688431
TI  - Fast atom bombardment combined with tandem mass spectrometry for determining
      structures of small oligonucleotides.
AB  - A study of small (n = 3 to 6) oligonucleotide and the metastable and
      collisionally activated decompositions of their (M-H)- species desorbed by using
      fast atom bombardment (FAB) is reported. Data were obtained for both ribo- and 2'
      deoxyribotrinucleotides and for 2'-deoxyribotetra-, penta-, and hexanucleotides.
      The favored metastable decompositions of all of the oligonucleotides studied are
      eliminations of neutral CONH and loss of BH, where B is the base moiety. The BH
      elimination, however, provides little sequence information in the higher
      oligonucleotides and the process is more indicative of the different bases
      present in the oligomer. The chemistry observed upon collisional activation
      changes as one goes from trinucleotides to hexanucleotides. The formation of
      sequence ions is more facile for processes involving the 3' terminus, allowing
      the sequence to be determined. As one goes to the higher oligonucleotides,
      however, several different competitive fragmentation processes become as facile
      as or more facile than the reactions giving the sequence ions. This hinders
      proper ion assignments and makes sequence determination difficult.

PMID- 3688432
TI  - A quantitative immunobinding assay for vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding
      protein (calbindin-D28k) using nitrocellulose filters.
AB  - A sensitive dot immunobinding assay has been developed for the quantitative
      determination of vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein (calbindin-D28k;
      CaBP) in rat and human kidney and brain. Protein samples are spotted onto
      nitrocellulose sheets, fixed, and then rinsed with Tris-buffered saline. The
      remaining protein binding sites are blocked with bovine serum albumin, gelatin,
      or nonfat dry milk protein and the filters are then incubated sequentially with
      antiserum to calbindin-D28k (1:500 dilution) and 125I-protein A (200,000 cpm/ml).
      After washing, the radioactivity bound to each sample is quantitated by counting
      in a gamma counter. The sensitivity of the assay is such that 10 ng calbindin
      D28k can be accurately quantitated. The highest levels of CaBP were detected in
      kidney (7.8 +/- 0.5 micrograms/mg protein) and cerebellum (22.1 +/- 1.4
      micrograms/mg protein). Ten micrograms calmodulin, lactalbumin, or parvalbumin
      and 100 micrograms liver extract showed no reactivity in the assay. The assay is
      precise (intraassay variability, 4.0%) and reproducible (interassay variability,
      8.8%). There was good agreement between the data in this assay and the data we
      obtained using radioimmunoassay (RIA). The assay has several advantages over the
      RIA. Iodination of pure antigen is not required and it is possible to detect
      membrane-bound and insoluble antigens using this assay. Also, the antiserum and
      125I-protein A solutions can be saved and reused. This assay represents a major
      modification of the original immunobinding assays which used the less sensitive
      peroxidase stain. It is also an improvement over previous 125I immunobinding
      assays which were not quantitative but were used as antigen "spot tests" or which
      required iodination of the antibody.

PMID- 3688433
TI  - Detection of transiently phosphorylated membrane proteins by protein blotting
      through a nonionic detergent layer.
AB  - A rapid approach for detecting tentative membrane proteins which are transiently
      phosphorylated/dephosphorylated is described. Cell fractionation is unnecessary,
      as are other manipulations of sample preparation during which artifactual
      modifications or sample loss might occur. The method is shown to be useful for
      the detection of such phosphorylation during cellular response to the binding of
      specific ligand. Two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis was performed successively through gels of different sieving
      sizes. These "primary" gels were then subjected to "detergent blotting," a
      variation of electroblotting in which polyacrylamide gel containing the nonionic
      detergent Nonidet-P40 (secondary gel) was inserted between the primary gel and a
      Zeta-Probe membrane. Phosphorylated interleukin 2 receptors were selectively
      retained in the secondary gel. Upon stimulation of human platelets with thrombin,
      at least 11 polypeptides were found to be rapidly phosphorylated/dephosphorylated
      using the method. Among them, five phosphorylated polypeptides were trapped in
      the secondary gel, suggesting that they might be membrane proteins. This
      technique should be useful to rapidly screen transiently
      phosphorylated/dephosphorylated membrane proteins which might be involved in
      membrane transductional signaling.

PMID- 3688434
TI  - A microtechnique for dialysis of small volume solutions with quantitative
      recoveries.
AB  - An improved microtechnique designed for dialysis of solutions with volumes
      ranging from less than 10 microliter up to approximately 600 microliter is
      described. Samples, dispensed in Microfuge tubes, are dialyzed in situ across
      dialysis membrane secured over the tube opening by a perforated Microfuge tube
      cap. The retentate is efficiently recovered by centrifugation at 10,000g for 10
      s. Fifty percent escape (E50) times of [14C]glycine from 25-microliter solutions
      of soybean trypsin inhibitor (0.1, 1.0, 4.0 mg/ml) in 0.2 M NaCl were
      approximately 19 min. The E50 times of 3H2O increased in a linear fashion from
      2.7 min for 25-microliter samples to 75 min for 600-microliter samples of H2O (pH
      7.0, 4 degrees C). The mean permeability coefficient (P) of the dialysis membrane
      to 3H2O during microdialysis, calculated as 3.0 X 10(-4) cm/s, was similar to
      membrane permeability coefficients reported for dialysis by conventional methods.
      Quantitative recoveries (greater than approximately 90%) of [14C]glycine-labeled
      type I collagen, [methyl-14C]antithrombin III, and [32P]DNA were achieved after
      microdialysis.

PMID- 3688435
TI  - 2,3-Diaminophenazine is the product from the horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed
      oxidation of o-phenylenediamine.
AB  - NMR and mass spectroscopic evidence has been obtained which indicates that the
      product of the oxidation of o-phenylenediamine by hydrogen peroxide, uncatalyzed
      or catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase, is 2,3-diaminophenazine. These results
      settle disparate literature descriptions. The process is most likely free radical
      in nature starting with the abstraction of a labile amino hydrogen atom.

PMID- 3688436
TI  - Enzymatic assay of hemoglobin in tissue homogenates with chlorpromazine.
AB  - An assay of hemoglobin in tissue homogenates is described. Tissues are
      homogenized with a 40 mM phosphate buffer (pH 8.0) solution without the use of a
      polytron or sonicator. The assay should be carried out before fractionations such
      as centrifugation. By measuring the free-radical intermediates of chlorpromazine,
      which are formed by the addition of hemoglobin, a linear calibration curve can be
      obtained within the range of hemoglobin contents between 0.8 and 12.0 micrograms.
      The present method can be applied to the assay of hemoglobin in several kinds of
      tissues from rats.

PMID- 3688437
TI  - The separation of D/L amino acid pairs by high-performance liquid chromatography
      after precolumn derivatization with optically active naphthylethyl isocyanate.
AB  - A method for determining the optical purity of amino acids using HPLC and
      precolumn derivatization is described. (+)-1-(1-Naphthyl)ethyl isocyanate reacts
      with racemic amino acids, in high yield, to form naphthylethyl carbamoyl
      derivatives. The resulting diastereoisomeric pairs were separated on reversed
      phase C18 columns and detected fluorometrically. Excitation maxima for
      naphthylethyl carbamoyl aspartic acid were 235 and 297 nm. The emission maximum
      was at 333 nm. Using a filter fluorometer with a zinc or cadmium lamp, less than
      1 pmol of a D amino acid can be measured in the presence of 1000-fold excess of
      the L isomer. The column can also be monitored at lower sensitivity, using an
      ultraviolet detector operating at or near the absorption maximum of 222 nm.
      Chromatographic data are presented on the resolution of 17 amino acid pairs.

PMID- 3688439
TI  - Direct correlation of ion and electron microscopic images by digital image
      superpositioning.

PMID- 3688438
TI  - The state of the N-terminus of recombinant proteins: determination of N-terminal
      methionine (formylated, acetylated, or free).
AB  - The removal of N-terminal methionine from proteins produced by recombinant DNA
      techniques is often far from quantitative. Furthermore, a proportion of the
      methionylated product may be N alpha-blocked and thus not easily accessible to
      conventional (Edman) techniques of protein characterization. In this paper, a
      method for overcoming the resulting analytical problems is described. The
      technique is based on perdeuteroacetylation (performed only if unblocked
      methionine is to be determined), cleavage with cyanogen bromide, extraction of
      any acylhomoserine lactone into ethyl acetate, formation of a chemical
      derivative, and analysis by combined gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
      (GC/MS). The remaining cyanogen bromide fragments, insoluble in ethyl acetate,
      are available for further analysis by mass spectrometric or other methods if
      required. Using an acylhomoserine lactone labeled with a stable isotope as
      internal standard, the method is semiquantitative. It should be possible to
      develop a quantitative method if appropriate polypeptide standards are prepared.
      N-Terminal processing of eight recombinant-derived proteins is discussed.

PMID- 3688440
TI  - Characterization of radiation-induced damage to polyadenylic acid using high
      performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.

PMID- 3688441
TI  - Parametric mode operation of a hyperbolic Penning trap for Fourier transform mass
      spectrometry.

PMID- 3688442
TI  - Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra of biological molecules in the gas phase
      using pulsed laser-induced volatilization enhancement in a diode array
      spectrophotometer.

PMID- 3688443
TI  - Measurement of vapor deposition and extraction recovery of polycyclic aromatic
      hydrocarbons adsorbed on particulate solids.

PMID- 3688444
TI  - Vibrating tumblers as cleaning devices for mass spectrometer ion source parts.

PMID- 3688445
TI  - Feasibility studies for the detection of organic surface and subsurface water
      contaminants by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy on silver electrodes.

PMID- 3688446
TI  - Quantitation of stable isotopic tracers of calcium by fast atom bombardment mass
      spectrometry.

PMID- 3688447
TI  - Direct liquid chromatographic separation of racemates with an alpha-cyclodextrin
      bonded phase.

PMID- 3688448
TI  - Novel fragmentation process of peptides by collision-induced decomposition in a
      tandem mass spectrometer: differentiation of leucine and isoleucine.

PMID- 3688449
TI  - Branches of the thoracic sympathetic trunk in the human fetus.
AB  - The segmental organization of the thoracic sympathetic trunk and all its
      ramifications was studied in 6 human fetuses (16-22 weeks) by means of the
      acetylcholinesterase in toto staining method. Each trunk was divided into 12
      sympathetic segments. A segment is defined as that part of the sympathetic trunk
      which is connected via its rami communicantes with one spinal nerve, without
      discriminating between grey and white rami. The diameter of the rami
      communicantes and their direction towards the spinal nerves are variable. The
      number of peripheral segmental ramifications of the trunk is much larger than
      assumed previously. Each thoracic sympathetic segment gives off at least 4-5
      nerves. Three categories of nerves are discerned: (1) large splanchnic rootlets
      confined to the greater, lesser and least thoracic splanchnic nerves, (2) medium
      sized splanchnic nerves directed towards thoracic viscera, some of which give off
      branches towards costovertebral joint plexuses and, described for the first time
      in man, (3) small nerves which ramify extensively and form nerve plexuses in the
      capsule of the costovertebral joints. The majority of the ramifications is formed
      by the nerves of the third category. The existence of Kuntz's nerve, connecting
      the 2nd intercostal nerve and 1st thoracic spinal nerve, is confirmed in four
      specimens. The nerve plexuses of the costovertebral joints receive a segmentally
      organized innervation: they receive their input from the neighbouring sympathetic
      segment and the one cranial to it. It is concluded that the thoracic sympathetic
      branches in man show a complex, segmentally organized pattern and may have a
      considerable component of somatosensory nerve fibers. The complex relationships
      must be taken into account in surgical sympathectomies.

PMID- 3688450
TI  - The development of the human brain, the closure of the caudal neuropore, and the
      beginning of secondary neurulation at stage 12.
AB  - Twenty-four embryos of stage 12 (26 days) were studied in detail and graphic
      reconstructions of five of them were prepared. The characteristic features of
      this stage are 21-29 pairs of somites, incipient or complete closure of the
      caudal neuropore, and the appearance of upper limb buds. The caudal neuropore
      closes during stage 12, generally when 25 somitic pairs are present. The site of
      final closure is at the level of future somite 31, which corresponds to the
      second sacral vertebral level. Non-closure of the neuropore may be important in
      the genesis of spina bifida aperta at low levels. The primitive streak probably
      persists until the caudal neuropore closes, when it is replaced by the caudal
      eminence or end-bud (Endwulst oder Rumpfknospe). The caudal eminence, which
      appears at stage 9, gives rise inter alia to hindgut, notochord, caudal somites,
      and the neural cord. The material for somites 30-34 (which appear in stage 13) is
      laid down during stage 12, and its absence would be expected to result in sacral
      agenesis. Aplasia of the caudal eminence results in cloacal deficiency and
      various degrees of symmelia. The junction of primary and secondary development
      (primare und sekundare Korperentwicklung) is probably at the site of final
      closure of the caudal neuropore. Secondary neurulation begins during stage 12.
      The cavity of the already formed spinal cord extends into the neural cord, and
      isolated spaces are not found within the neural cord. Primary and secondary
      neurulation are probably coextensive with primary and secondary development of
      the body, respectively. The telencephalon medium has enlarged, two mesencephalic
      segments (M1 and M2) are distinguishable, and rhombomere 4 is reduced. The sulcus
      limitans is detectable in the spinal cord and hindbrain (RhD), and in the
      mesencephalon and diencephalon, where it extends as far rostrally as the optic
      sulcus in D1. A marginal layer is appearing in the rhombencephalon and
      mesencephalon. The first nerve fibres are differentiating, chiefly within the
      hindbrain (from the nucleus of the lateral longitudinal tract). Optic neural
      crest is at its maximum, and the otic vesicle is giving crest cells to ganglion
      7/8. Neural crest continues to develop in the brain and contributes to cranial
      ganglia 5, 7/8, and 10/11. The spinal crest extends as far caudally as somites 18
      19 but shows no subdivision into ganglia yet. Placodal contribution to the
      trigeminal ganglion is not certain at stage 12. Such a contribution to ganglion
      7/8 is not unlikely.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3688451
TI  - Observations on the development of cerebellar afferents in Xenopus laevis.
AB  - The development of cerebellar afferents has been studied in the clawed toad,
      Xenopus laevis, from stage 46 to 64, with the horseradish peroxidase retrograde
      tracer technique. Already in stage 48 tadpoles, i.e. before the formation of the
      limbs, a distinct set of cerebellar afferents was found. Vestibulocerebellar
      (mainly arising bilaterally in the nucleus vestibularis caudalis) and
      contralateral olivo-cerebellar projections dominate. Secondary
      trigeminocerebellar (from the descending nucleus of the trigeminal nerve) and
      reticulocerebellar connections were also found. At stage 50, spinocerebellar
      projections appear originating from cervical and lower thoracic/upper lumbar
      levels. The cells of origin of the spinocerebellar projection can be roughly
      divided in two neuronal types: ipsilaterally projecting large cells, which show a
      marked resemblance to primary motoneurones ('spinal border cells') and smaller
      contralaterally projecting neurons. Primary spinocerebellar projections from
      spinal ganglion cells could not be demonstrated. At stage 50, a possible anuran
      homologue of the mammalian nucleus prepositus hypoglossi was found to project to
      the cerebellum. In only one of the experiments labeled neurons were found in the
      contralateral mesencephalic tegmentum. At none of the studied stages a
      raphecerebellar projection could be demonstrated. It appears that already early
      in cerebellar development, before the formation of the limbs, most of the
      cerebellar afferents as found in adult Xenopus laevis are present.

PMID- 3688452
TI  - Human fetal colon in organ culture.
AB  - Human fetal colon (14-16 weeks gestation) was cultured as explants for 15 days in
      serum-free Leibovitz L-15 medium at 37 degrees C. The overall morphology of the
      colonic explants was well maintained throughout the culture period and all
      epithelial cell types retained their ultrastructural characteristics. The
      incorporation of [3H]-leucine continued and even increased, reflecting sustained
      synthesis of proteins. Even though the incorporation of [3H]-thymidine into the
      total DNA decreased during culture, the synthesis of DNA continued. The sites of
      [3H]-thymidine incorporation into the different layers of the colonic wall were
      studied by radioautography. The incorporation of the radioactive precursor occurs
      mainly in the epithelium and to lesser degrees in the mesenchyme and the muscular
      layer. Labeled epithelial nuclei were located in the intervillous areas but not
      on the villi. The labeling index of the epithelial cells remained constant
      throughout the culture period indicating the preservation of the proliferative
      capacity of the epithelium. Brush-border hydrolytic activities, namely those of
      sucrase, maltase, lactase, trehalase, glucoamylase and alkaline phosphatase, were
      assayed in the colonic tissue. These enzymic activities generally decreased in
      the tissue and increased in the medium during the course of culture. These
      observations clearly demonstrate that fetal colon can be maintained viable for at
      least 15 days in a serum-free medium. Organ culture now provides the opportunity
      to study the normal function and metabolism of human colon during its
      development.

PMID- 3688453
TI  - The development of the Merkel cells in the tentacles of Xenopus laevis larvae.
AB  - The Merkel cells in the larval tentacles of Xenopus laevis were examined by TEM.
      Different forms of Merkel cells were found, depending on the age of the larvae or
      the location in the tentacles. These forms have the appearance of intermediate
      states between Merkel cells and superficial epidermal cells; thus an epidermal
      origin for the Merkel cells seems more likely than an immigration from the neural
      crest. The forms differ in (1) their location in the epidermis, (2) their shape,
      (3) the number and extension of their desmosomes, (4) the content and
      distribution of dense-core granules, and (5) the outgrowth of their finger-like
      processes. Also the relation to a nerve ending is different. By marking Merkel
      cells with quinacrine, fluorescence spots were observed between the superficial
      and basal epidermal cells or, in the very tip, within the superficial epidermal
      cells. These latter spots represent immature Merkel cells, as confirmed by TEM.
      This indicates a development of Merkel cells from superficial epidermal cells and
      migration towards the basal layer. Dermal Merkel cells were never observed.

PMID- 3688455
TI  - Bone "mass" and the "mechanostat": a proposal.
AB  - The observed fit of bone mass to a healthy animal's typical mechanical usage
      indicates some mechanism or mechanisms monitor that usage and control the three
      longitudinal growth, bone modeling, and BMU-based remodeling activities that
      directly determine bone mass. That mechanism could be named a mechanostat.
      Accumulated evidence suggests it includes the bone itself, plus mechanisms that
      transform its mechanical usage into appropriate signals, plus other mechanisms
      that detect those signals and then direct the above three biologic activities. In
      vivo studies have shown that bone strains in or above the 1500-3000 microstrain
      range cause bone modelling to increase cortical bone mass, while strains below
      the 100-300 microstrain range release BMU-based remodeling which then removes
      existing cortical-endosteal and trabecular bone. That arrangement provides a dual
      system in which bone modeling would adapt bone mass to gross overloading, while
      BMU-based remodeling would adapt bone mass to gross underloading, and the above
      strain ranges would be the approximate "setpoints" of those responses. The
      anatomical distribution of those mechanical usage effects are well known. If
      circulating agents or disease changed the effective setpoints of those responses
      their bone mass effects should copy the anatomical distribution of the mechanical
      usage effects. That seems to be the case for many agents and diseases, and
      several examples are discussed, including postmenopausal osteoporosis, fluoride
      effects, bone loss in orbit, and osteogenesis imperfecta. The mechanostat
      proposal is a seminal idea which fits diverse evidence but it requires critique
      and experimental study.

PMID- 3688454
TI  - Permeability studies of the guinea pig placental labyrinth. III. Tracer studies
      of the materno-fetal barrier.
AB  - The permeability of the materno-fetal barrier in the chorioallantoic placenta was
      studied in guinea pigs with gestation at term applying a variety of electron
      opaque tracers via maternal circulation. None of the tracers tested was seen
      permeating the syncytiotrophoblast in the materno-fetal direction up to a 20 min
      interval when the fine structure of the placenta was satisfactorily preserved.
      The lanthanum chloride, cationized ferritin and horseradish peroxidase bound to
      the trophoblast surface, apparently due to electrostatic forces more than to
      specific receptors, and no uptake of these probes was detected in the cytoplasm.
      Albumin-colloidal gold complex, also used as a tracer, yielded similar results.
      As reported in other species with more complex syncytiotrophoblastic
      organization, this layer investing maternal lacunae is a highly selective
      permeability barrier.

PMID- 3688456
TI  - Effects of orthodontic forces on the morphology and diameter of Sharpey fibers of
      the alveolar bone of the rat.
AB  - There is little information available concerning the effects of functional and
      therapeutic forces on Sharpey fibers and adjacent bone matrix. In the present
      study, springs were placed between the left first and second maxillary molar
      teeth of rats and retained for 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 days. The right side served as a
      control. Tissues from sham-operated, untreated animals were also studied.
      Maxillae were removed, fractured, rendered anorganic with sodium hypochlorite,
      and then examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Some tissues were
      demineralized and examined by high-voltage electron microscopy (HVEM). Sharpey
      fibers were studied at the alveolar wall and at the midline of the interdental
      septum (intra-septal Sharpey fibers). In 5-day experimental tissues, SEM showed
      intra-septal Sharpey fibers had either a reduced number of, or lacked,
      unmineralized cores. Unit collagen fibrils in 5-day tissues viewed by HVEM were
      densely packed into Sharpey fibers which had no afibrillar areas. Sharpey fibers
      at the alveolar wall demonstrated no observable changes in morphology or in
      pattern of mineralization. After 5 days of spring placement, the mean diameters
      of intra-septal fibers were significantly less than those at the alveolar wall (p
      less than 0.001). The disparity in Sharpey fiber diameters of treated and
      untreated control animals suggests that untreated controls are essential to the
      design of studies of rodent tooth movement. This study suggests that orthodontic
      tooth movement produces changes in the morphology and mineralization patterns of
      Sharpey fibers which might affect the mechanical strength of the periodontium.

PMID- 3688457
TI  - Application of the fiber-optic perfusion fluorometer to absorption and exsorption
      studies in hairless mouse skin.
AB  - This study was undertaken to test the fiber-optic perfusion fluorometer as a
      direct means of evaluating skin absorption and exsorption in hairless mice. Skin
      barrier compromise was accomplished in the absorption experiments by application
      of dimethyl sulfoxide to the skin surface or by partial removal of the stratum
      corneum with sticky tape. Absorbed fluorescein was measured easily in
      unanesthetized control (skin-barrier intact) and experimental mice. Unabsorbed
      chemical did not fluoresce 15 minutes after application, although it was present
      on the surface of the skin as a dry powder. The time course of fluorescein
      elimination from the skin was related to a rapid phase (vascular removal) and a
      slow phase (reservoir entrapment). In the exsorption experiments the fluorescein
      was injected intraperitoneally. Back skin on the right side was swabbed with
      either dimethyl sulfoxide or 1% capsaicin in alcohol prior to the injections, and
      differences in skin fluorescence on the left (control) and right sides were
      recorded. One application of dimethyl sulfoxide or capsaicin increased the level
      of skin exsorption. Three applications of dimethyl sulfoxide almost doubled the
      amount of exsorbed dye, whereas three applications of the capsaicin inhibited the
      exsorption process. It was concluded that the fiber-optic perfusion fluorometer
      provides an excellent technique in support of other methods of investigating the
      skin.

PMID- 3688458
TI  - Cyclic localization of actin and its relationship to junctional complexes in
      maturation ameloblasts of the rat incisor.
AB  - The patterns of fluorescence associated with maturation ameloblasts of mandibular
      incisors labeled with 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole-phallacidin (NBD-phallacidin)
      for the detection of F-actin were investigated in normal and fluoride-treated
      rats. In normal rats, bands of smooth-ended ameloblasts (SA) exhibited intense
      fluorescence at their proximal ends only. Bands of ruffle-ended ameloblasts (RA)
      exhibited strong fluorescence at their distal ends as well as at their proximal
      ends. Regional differences in degree of intensity within the bands and between
      bands were displayed. In the apical part of the RA bands the proximal
      fluorescence was intense; it then decreased in an incisal direction; and it
      finally was absent close to the adjacent SA band. The incisal extension of strong
      proximal fluorescence in RA bands was short in early maturation and long in late
      maturation. The fluorescence pattern at both ends of the ameloblasts was
      cyclically repeated throughout the region of ameloblast modulation corresponding
      to the numbers of SA bands. In rats receiving 113 ppm fluoride in their drinking
      water for 2 months the number of fluorescence and ameloblast modulation cycles
      was reduced equally indicating that the cyclic F-actin localization is a
      phenomenon related to ameloblast modulation. Electron microscopy revealed that
      areas of strong fluorescence contained filament bundles, presumably actin
      filaments, in relation to continuous junctions occluding the interameloblast
      spaces. Areas of weak or no fluorescence were related to discontinuous macular
      junctions. The results suggest that the changes in F-actin distribution correlate
      well with junctional complex development, and therefore, possible functions
      related to the intermeloblast spaces within the RA bands may be redistributed as
      the ameloblasts are carried incisally by the erupting incisor.

PMID- 3688459
TI  - Effect of surgical sympathectomy on bone remodeling at rat incisor and molar root
      sockets.
AB  - Sympathectomy was carried out in 4-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats by unilateral
      surgical removal of the superior cervical ganglion. Sham-treated rats served as
      controls. All rats were injected with tetracycline hydrochloride at surgery as
      well as 36 hr prior to sacrifice. Rats were killed at 7, 14, or 21 days following
      sympathectomy. Mandibular periosteal and endosteal surfaces were analyzed by
      fluorochrome morphometry. Osteoclasts were identified by acid phosphatase
      staining, and incisor and molar root sockets were analyzed morphometrically.
      Following sympathectomy, periosteal and endosteal apposition as well as the rate
      of mineralization were significantly lower. At the same time, a significant
      increase in the number of osteoclasts per socket as well as in active and
      inactive bone resorption surfaces was also seen. All parameters, however,
      returned to normal values 2-3 weeks after sympathectomy. The data provide the
      first direct quantitative evidence that sympathetic neurons modulate bone
      resorption and bone remodeling in vivo.

PMID- 3688460
TI  - Decrease of proteoglycan granule number but increase of their size in articular
      cartilage of young rabbits after physical exercise and immobilization by
      splinting.
AB  - The effects of physical exercise (running) and immobilization by splinting on the
      number and size of proteoglycan (PG) granules and the diameter of collagen fibers
      of the articular cartilage were studied with the transmission electron microscope
      with a stereological method. The lateral tibial condyles of 24 young rabbits were
      examined. The analysis was carried out in the superficial, middle, and deep zones
      of uncalcified articular cartilage and also in the pericellular, territorial, and
      interterritorial regions of each zone. PGs were demonstrated in situ by using en
      bloc staining with the cationic dye ruthenium red, which binds to negative groups
      of glycosaminoglycans. Results of the control group showed that there was a large
      pericellular number of PG granules, and the number of granules tended to increase
      through cartilage depth. The mean diameter of PG granules was highest in the
      superficial zone and decreased through cartilage depth. The collagen fibers were
      thicker in the interterritorial than in the territorial region and their
      diameters increased from superficial toward the deep zone of uncalcified
      cartilage. Results of the experimental groups showed that the number of ruthenium
      red-positive PG granules decreased by 3-46% in all zones and regions after both
      physical exercise and joint immobilization. On the other hand, the diameter of PG
      granules increased by 4-42% in all zones and regions in all groups. Collagen
      fibers in the territorial region of the middle zone were thinner in the exercised
      and in the splinted knee, while thicker in the contralateral knee to the splinted
      limb, as compared with the controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3688461
TI  - Comparison of regional differences in cardiac myocyte dimensions in rats,
      hamsters, and guinea pigs.
AB  - Isolated myocytes were prepared from Sprague Dawley rats, golden Syrian hamsters,
      and Hartley guinea pigs to investigate regional variations in myocyte size. Cell
      volume (V) was measured with a Coulter Channelyzer, cell length (L) was measured
      directly, and cross-sectional area (CSA) was calculated from V/L. Compared to
      values from the left ventricle (LV), right ventricular L was shorter in the rat
      (P less than .01) and hamster (P less than .05) and longer in the guinea pig (P
      less than .01). Guinea pig atrial L was shorter (P less than .01) than L in the
      right ventricle (RV) but did not differ from L in the LV. No significant
      differences in L existed between endomyocardium, middle myocardium, and
      epimyocardium of the LV in all three species. In rats and hamsters, myocytes from
      the RV had smaller V and CSA values (P less than .01) compared to any region of
      the LV. A transmural gradient of cellular dimensions existed in the LV of the
      rat, but not in hamster, with V and CSA of endomyocardium being largest and
      epimyocardium smallest (P less than .01). Endomyocardial V and CSA were larger (P
      less than .01) than all other regions in the hamster, but the difference was not
      significant compared to epimyocardial V. In the guinea pig, no significant
      differences in V existed between RV and LV or between the three LV regions. No
      pattern of regional differences was seen between ventricular CSA values in the
      guinea pig. Guinea pig atrial V and CSA values were smaller (P less than .01)
      than those for ventricular myocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3688462
TI  - Development of ciliated cells in the human fetal oviduct: an ultrastructural
      study.
AB  - Prenatal development of ciliated cells in the human fallopian tube was studied by
      light and electron microscopy in specimens obtained from 12 fetuses, aged 12-40
      weeks. On light microscopy, transverse sections of the ampullary portion of the
      tube revealed a slit-like lumen at 12 weeks. The lumen began to fold by 15 weeks,
      and formed the typical villous structures by 31 weeks. On electron microscopy,
      the epithelial cells contained a large number of sub- and supranuclear glycogen
      particles until 18 weeks and an occasional solitary cilium. At 20-22 weeks,
      instead of glycogen particles, cytoplasmic organelles such as mitochondria, rough
      endoplasmic reticula and Golgi apparatus were well developed, and some cells
      possessed cilia with a 9 + 2 microtubular structure. Between 22 and 31 weeks,
      ciliated cells were sporadically observed. At 31 weeks, the epithelial cells
      accumulated a large number of sub- and supranuclear glycogen particles.
      Afterwards, numerous ciliated cells with well-developed cytoplasmic organelles
      were observed by 40 weeks.

PMID- 3688463
TI  - Structural features of the apical and tubulovesicular membranes of rodent small
      intestinal tuft cells.
AB  - Tuft cells are present in most columnar epithelia derived from endoderm including
      the small intestine. They are characterized by long, wide apical microvilli and
      an extensively developed cytoplasmic tubulovesicular system. We examined in
      detail the structural features of the apical plasma membrane of small intestinal
      tuft cells from adult guinea pigs, rats, and adult and suckling mice with freeze
      fracture and conventional transmission electron microscopy methods and utilized
      cationized ferritin and horseradish peroxidase as tracers to determine whether
      tuft cells endocytose macromolecules. The microvillus membrane of intestinal tuft
      cells has few P-face intramembrane particles, displays little alkaline
      phosphatase activity, and is highly enriched in cholesterol. Tuft cell tight
      junctions resemble those of absorptive cells in strand count and strand-to-strand
      crosslinks but, unlike those of absorptive cells, they display many abluminal
      free-ending strands. Tuft cells of adult and suckling mouse intestine show no
      evidence of internalization of cationized ferritin or, in suckling mice, uptake
      of horseradish peroxidase. We conclude that the microvillus membrane of small
      intestinal tuft cells is protein-poor but cholesterol-rich and that small
      intestinal tuft cells do not endocytose macromolecules in bulk from the
      intestinal lumen.

PMID- 3688464
TI  - Localization of calbindin-D28K in calcitonin containing cells of chick
      ultimobranchial glands.
AB  - Specific antisera raised against calbindin-D28K (CaBP), the vitamin D-dependent
      calcium-binding protein from chick intestine, was used to localize the protein in
      chick ultimobranchial glands (UB glands) by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase
      technique. CaBP was localized in secretory cells in the cell cords and in a few
      cells of the epithelium lining the follicles. It was not found in the
      fibroblastlike cells in the cell cords nor in islands of parathyroid tissue
      present in the UB gland. The immunomarker for CaBP was distributed throughout the
      cytoplasm and nucleus of the secretory cells. The same cells demonstrated a
      positive reaction in their cytoplasm when reacted with an antiserum specific for
      salmon calcitonin (CT), thus confirming the presence of CaBP and CT in the same
      UB-gland secretory cells. In other tissues, the presence of CaBP is regarded as
      an end-organ marker for actions of the vitamin D endocrine system. This novel
      demonstration of CaBP in UB-gland cells responsible for secretion of calcitonin
      suggests a direct effect of the vitamin D endocrine system on those cells in
      addition to an indirect effect through the stimulation produced by elevated
      circulating calcium levels.

PMID- 3688465
TI  - Expression of type I and III collagen during morphogenesis of fetal rat testis
      and ovary.
AB  - The distribution of interstitial collagen type I and III was studied
      immunocytochemically and ultrastructurally in the fetal rat testis and ovary from
      the undifferentiated stage (day 12) until birth. The results suggest that there
      is a correlation between the differentiation, organization, and abundance of the
      mesenchyme and the differentiation of the testicular vs. ovarian cords. Type III
      collagen was already present in the undifferentiated gonadal mesenchyme, and it
      appeared at an early stage around the organizing gonadal cords. Type I collagen
      appeared later in a similar mesenchymal distribution as type III collagen.
      Fragmentation of the subepithelial basement membrane in the gonads starting
      morphogenesis was considered to indicate that the surface epithelium participates
      in the gonadal cord formation. The expression of type III collagen at first on
      the surface of the developing testicular cords and later around the ovarian cords
      suggests that the mesenchymal premyoid cells are actively involved in the male
      cord formation. Focal discontinuities were found in the basement membrane of the
      ovarian cords, which in part were separated from each other by a ramified and
      relatively sparse mesenchyme. A complex linkage between the cytoskeleton and the
      extracellular matrix is illustrated both in the cord forming Sertoli and
      granulosa cells, and in the adjacent mesenchymal cells. Depletion of the
      mesenchyme and the basement membrane around the germ cell-granulosa cell
      associations of the wide ovarian medullary cords may be causal for their
      subsequent degeneration.

PMID- 3688466
TI  - Exposure to formaldehyde in anatomy: an occupational health hazard?
AB  - The adverse effects of formaldehyde have been discussed very emotionally in
      public. Anatomists, technicians in histology and embalming laboratories, as well
      as medical students during their dissection course are all exposed to
      formaldehyde, which in many situations crosses the threshold for irritation of
      the eyes and upper respiratory tract. There is no doubt about the acute toxic
      effects and the occurrence of contact dermatitis caused by formaldehyde. Studies
      in rats and mice using high concentrations over an extremely long period (which
      would not be tolerated by humans) resulted in squamous carcinoma of the nose.
      Epidemiologic studies on the mortality of medical personnel exposed to
      formaldehyde do not provide sufficient evidence of cancerogenicity. A number of
      recommendations will be given for defining the exact concentration in a
      dissecting room or laboratory and for ways of reducing formaldehyde
      concentrations and thus minimizing adverse health hazards. These data could
      initiate a discussion among anatomists, and with technicians and students, based
      on a sound scientific background rather than on emotion.

PMID- 3688467
TI  - Microtubules, intermediate filaments, and actin filaments in the odontoblast of
      rat incisor.
AB  - Actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules in the odontoblasts of
      rat incisors were investigated electron microscopically using heavy meromyosin
      and taxol. Actin filaments were abundant at the periphery of the odontoblast
      process in the form of a network or in bundles. In a branch of the odontoblast
      process, longitudinally oriented actin filament bundles were found. Most actin
      filaments were associated with the plasma membrane via electron-dense material
      which stained with tannic acid. The intermediate filaments had a diameter of 11
      to 13 nm. They were distributed throughout the cytoplasm of odontoblasts. They
      ran lengthwise in the core of the odontoblast process, which showed a different
      distribution compared with that of actin filaments. Microtubules, which were
      disrupted after Triton X-100 but preserved by addition of taxol, tended to be
      associated with intermediate filaments. Such a relation was also seen in
      conventional preparations. Coated vesicles, which were abundant at the periphery
      of the odontoblast process, were often associated with actin filaments.
      Therefore, it is suggested that actin filaments, in the odontoblast process at
      least, play a role associated with the coated vesicles at the periphery of the
      process, and may be involved in coated vesicle transport.

PMID- 3688468
TI  - Segmental variations in the elastic fiber content of the lateral costotransverse
      ligaments in the vervet monkey (Cercopithecus pygerythrus aethiops).
AB  - The segmental and zonal variations in the quantitative relationships between
      elastic and collagen fibers within the lateral costotransverse ligaments have
      been investigated in the vervet monkey. The lateral costotransverse ligaments of
      the caudal segments have a largely elastic structure in contrast to those of the
      cranial segments, which are characteristically collagenous. In the transitional
      zone extending from the 4th through to the 6th costotransverse joints, the
      lateral costotransverse ligaments show a zonal differentiation into a superficial
      collagenous portion and a deep elastic portion. It is noted that the craniocaudal
      structural differentiation in the lateral costotransverse ligaments corresponds
      with similar changes in the vertebral ligaments in that the ligamenta flava
      gradually extend into the interspinous spaces from the 1st thoracic vertebra (T1)
      so that at T5 the ligaments occupy 50% of the interspinous space and at T7 the
      elastic fibers almost completely replace the interspinous ligament. Functionally,
      however, the regional differences in the elastic fiber content of the lateral
      costotransverse ligament may have no collateral relationship with the morphology
      of the ligamenta flava, but are conditioned by movements of the ribs. Whereas
      movements of the upper six joints are limited by virtue of the configuration of
      their articular surfaces, which are reciprocally curved, on the 7th to 10th
      joints the articular facets are almost flat and, therefore, allow considerable
      movements between the ribs and the corresponding transverse processes.

PMID- 3688469
TI  - Leydig cell differentiation during maturation of the rat testis: a stereological
      study of cell number and ultrastructure.
AB  - In an effort to further understand the basis for the changes in steroidogenesis
      known to occur during sexual maturation in the rat, we examined by quantitative
      morphologic methods the number and ultrastructure of Leydig cells in fetal rats
      (days 18-20 of gestation) and in rats from days 2 to 3 of age through adult.
      Quantitative light microscopic analyses indicated that Leydig cell number, when
      expressed per unit volume of testis, was very high in fetal rat testes, fell
      significantly in testes of days 2 to 3 rats, and subsequently rose significantly.
      When Leydig cell number was expressed per testis rather than per unit volume of
      testis, the results indicated that testes of fetal rats and rats of days 2 to 3
      contained the same number of Leydig cells; after the neonatal period, significant
      increases in Leydig cell number per testis occurred in concert with increases in
      testis weight. Quantitative electron microscopic studies revealed significant
      differences in the ultrastructure of fetal and adult populations of Leydig cells.
      For example, Leydig cells of fetal and neonatal rats contained abundant lipid,
      whereas Leydig cells of weeks 7 to 8 and adult rats contained little.
      Stereological analyses also revealed dramatic changes in smooth endoplasmic
      reticulum and inner mitochondrial membrane surface areas during sexual
      maturation, both per cell and per testis. These findings are discussed with
      respect to the steroidogenic capacity of the testis during sexual maturation.

PMID- 3688470
TI  - Behavior of chick primordial germ cells moving toward gonadal primordium in
      vitro: scanning electron microscopic study.
AB  - Primordial germ cells (PGCs) from embryonic chick blood were cultured in vitro
      and the cells being attracted by the gonadal primordium (germinal ridge; GR) were
      studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Immediately after confirming PGC
      locomotion by 16-mm time-lapse filming or time-lapse video recorder under the
      microscope, PGCs in various phases of locomotion were prepared for SEM, and their
      locomotion was analyzed. With the thin collagen layer as a substrate, the
      sequence of the PGC locomotion was as follows: 1) The PGC produced a small
      pseudopodium. 2) This pseudopodium enlarged to the GR, and PGC-substrate contact
      was consolidated around the periphery of the pseudopodium, while the body of PGC
      remained detached from the substrate. 3) Finally, the PGC as a whole moved toward
      the GR, being trailed by the process. The locomotion of the PGC on the thick
      collagen layer as a three-dimensional substrate was as follows: 1) The PGC
      protruded a pseudopodium in the direction of the GR. 2) This pseudopodium
      elongated through the collagen network. 3) The tip of the pseudopodium swelled
      and the main body of the PGC flowed into the swelling portion, leaving a slender
      cytoplasmic tail. 4) The tail was finally incorporated into the leading part of
      the cell. This behavior of the PGC seemed to reflect the features of interstitial
      PGC in vivo.

PMID- 3688471
TI  - Early stages of development in the caudal neural tube of the golden Syrian
      hamster (Mesocricetus auratus).
AB  - Secondary neurulation is the morphogenetic process whereby the caudal segments of
      the neural tube are derived from cells in the embryonic tail bud. Comparative
      studies have demonstrated similar characteristics in the mechanism of secondary
      neurulation among tailless species, which are thought to be due to the
      evolutionary reduction in tail length (Hughes and Freeman, 1974). In order to
      explore this hypothesis further, light and scanning electron microscopy was used
      to study early stages of neurulation in the tail buds of hamster embryos. The
      golden Syrian hamster is a relatively common laboratory rodent with a reduced
      tail. In this species, secondary neurulation first became apparent in embryos
      with approximately 17 pairs of somites. This was well before closure of the
      posterior neuropore which occurred at the 21-somite stage. The lumen of the
      neural tube appeared to extend into the tail bud in an even and progressive
      fashion accompanied by reorientation and rearrangement of tail-bud cells. The
      mechanism appeared to be similar to that reported in long-tailed rodents.

PMID- 3688472
TI  - Innervation of rat molar teeth: II. A quantitative analysis of primary sensory
      neurons innervating a mandibular molar tooth.
AB  - This study was conducted to determine the source and number of primary sensory
      neurons (PSNs) innervating a mandibular molar tooth of a population of 15-18-week
      old Sprague-Dawley rats. The pulpal tissue was exposed to horseradish peroxidase
      (HRP) pellets for 24 hours. Subsequently the animals were perfusion fixed and the
      following PSN structures were examined for the presence of HRP-labelled cells:
      trigeminal (TGs) and cervical dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and mesencephalic
      nucleus (MN). Only the TGs contained labelled cells and they thus were the sole
      source of PSN pulpal innervation. The number of TG cells was highly variable, 49
      407, but most of this variability was attributable to insufficient HRP filling of
      the pulp chamber or leakage of HRP into periapical tissue. Selection of TGs whose
      respective experimental teeth demonstrated that HRP filled and was restricted to
      the pulp chamber revealed a narrower range of TG cells providing pulpal
      innervation to the first molars, 142-288, with an average of 213. A detailed
      mapping of these cells indicated a somatotopic distribution within the mandibular
      territory of the TGs. It was concluded that these findings represent TG's
      contribution to the pulpal innervation of this specific population of rat first
      molar teeth. This suggests that from animal to animal the density of innervation
      may be quite variable and it is hypothesized that the sensitivity of the pulp
      would likewise vary. In addition, these findings may contribute to the
      explanation of why there is variability in the stimulus strength needed to elicit
      a pain response in the human dentition.

PMID- 3688473
TI  - Vasoactive intestinal peptide-immunoreactive nerves in the rat kidney.
AB  - An indirect immunohistochemical method in which an avidin-biotinylated
      horseradish peroxidase complex is bound to the secondary antibody was used to
      visualize vasoactive intestinal peptide-immunoreactive (VIPI) nerves in the rat
      kidney. Rats were perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde or 2% paraformaldehyde +
      0.15% picric acid in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, then transferred to the buffer.
      After 24-48 hours, the kidneys were sectioned with a Vibratome at 200 or 300
      micron and incubated in the primary antiserum for 18 hours at room temperature. A
      sparse plexus of VIPI nerves innervates the rat renal calyx. Some VIPI nerves
      innervate interlobar arteries and each succeeding segment of the arterial tree
      including afferent arterioles, but most innervate arcuate and interlobular
      arteries. VIPI axons do not innervate each arcuate artery or each interlobular
      branch of an arcuate artery with equal density. Although some axons follow each
      interlobular branch, most form a dense plexus on only one or two branches.
      Therefore, most VIPI nerves in the rat kidney innervate a restricted segment of
      the renal arterial tree. These nerves may be efferent and may selectively dilate
      arcuate and smaller arteries, or they may be afferent and may sense local changes
      in mechanical or chemical parameters.

PMID- 3688474
TI  - Distribution of immunoreactive inhibin like material in different regions of
      human prostate.
AB  - Distribution of immunoreactive inhibin material (IR-ILM) in different regions of
      human prostate was studied by using specific radio-immunoassay. Mean IR-ILM
      concentrations in the central, peripheral and periurethral zones were 27.3 +/-
      9.3, 2.4 +/- 0.7 and 3.0 +/- 1.5 micrograms/mg protein respectively (P central vs
      periurethral and peripheral less than 0.05).

PMID- 3688475
TI  - Alcohol and male fertility (preliminary report).
AB  - A communication on three studies of alcohol abusers. In patients at an in-patient
      unit for alcohol abusers we found defective spermiograms in comparison to a
      control group and a return to normal in the course of 10 weeks of treatment. We
      determined the existence of an aethio-pathogenic (nosological) unit-
      alcohologenic reversible azoospermia.

PMID- 3688476
TI  - Semen quality of infertile couples--comparison between smokers and non-smokers.
AB  - Comparison of semen quality was undertaken between 60 smoking and 50 non-smoking
      men attending infertility investigation. As far as possible, other factors which
      might influence semen quality were eliminated. The men were allocated into groups
      according to sperm density and number of cigarettes smoked per day. The
      percentage of motile sperm in heavy smokers with oligozoospermia and the total
      sperm count were lower, the difference being significant at the 1% and 5% levels,
      respectively. No correlation was found in percentage of sperm with
      morphologically abnormal heads, midpieces or tails. Heavy smoking may have a
      detrimental effect on the motility of sperm. Further studies are needed to
      explain the mechanisms by which smoking affects spermatogenesis.

PMID- 3688477
TI  - The fertilizing capacity of golden hamster epididymal spermatozoa in relation to
      age, number, motility and morphology.
AB  - Experiments with spermatozoa of prepubertal hamsters aged 35-48 days were
      performed in order to determine if the appearance of spermatozoa with fertilizing
      capacity in the cauda epididymis during puberty is related to changes in their
      morphology, motility and number. Epididymal spermatozoa of prepubertal animals
      were evaluated for number, motility and morphology and were injected into one
      uterine horn of a female, following induction of ovulation. A comparable number
      of sperm from mature animals (which served as control) was injected into the
      contralateral horn. Prior to 40 days fertilizing capacity was nil. It increased
      thereafter and reached control levels of 74% at 48 day age. Concomitantly there
      was an increase in the number of sperm per cauda epididymidis from less than 1
      million to 55 million. Following removal of spermatozoa from the cauda the
      motility increased from 24% motile cells at the age of 39 days to 66% at the age
      of 48 days when most cells exhibited progressive motility. The percentage of
      cells having normal morphology increased from 18% at the age of 39 days to 50% at
      the age of 48 days. Developmental processes resulting in improvement of cell
      motility, morphology and number are correlated with attainment of fertilizing
      capacity. These processes seem to be gradual and occur between time of completion
      of spermatogenesis and time when capacity for fertilization is achieved.

PMID- 3688478
TI  - [Stiff-tail or midpiece syndrome].
AB  - A rare spermatological malformation was seen in a 40 year old Turkish man with
      unexplained infertility since 17 years. Most of the spermatozoa were completely
      stiff, some of them developed a decreased motility confined only to the end of
      the flagellum. Electron microscopy studies revealed strongly elongated and partly
      disorganized mitochondrial sheaths; cytoplasma droplets were found frequently.

PMID- 3688479
TI  - Volumetric analysis of human spermatozoa.
AB  - In 29 semen samples of men participating in an in vitro fertilization (IVF)
      program the spermatozoan volume was determined on an electronic particle analyzer
      and a routine semen analysis was performed including the estimation of semen
      volume, sperm concentration, motility and morphology. Twenty three of the 29
      semen samples were able to fertilize human oocytes in the IVF-procedure. There
      was no statistically significant difference noted between the spermatozoan volume
      of the fertile (16.25 +/- 0.43 cu microns) and the infertile samples (16.9 +/-
      0.57 cu microns). Logistic regression analysis indicated that spermatozoan volume
      was not a significant predictor of fertility. Furthermore, none of the standard
      sperm parameters appear to be closely related to the mean spermatozoan volume.

PMID- 3688480
TI  - Pulmonary embolism complicating human chorionic gonadotropin treatment in a
      patient with type IV hyperlipoproteinemia.
AB  - Human chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) therapy has been used beneficially in men with
      subfertility especially after varicocele surgery. Very few side effects have been
      observed in male patients. Herein, we report a case of pulmonary embolism in a
      male patient following the use of HCG. The patient was subsequently found to have
      type IV hyperlipoprotenemia. The etiology of the thrombo-embolic episode is
      conjectural, but this case emphasizes the need for stricter criteria of patient
      selection and screening for conditions that predispose to thrombo-embolism before
      starting HCG therapy.

PMID- 3688481
TI  - Regression toward the mean in fertility research--an empirical study of semen
      quality.
AB  - Regression toward the mean denotes circumstances, where extreme observations tend
      to normalize at repetition. The phenomenon is caused by random variation and may
      occur whenever mainly persons with extreme values are subject to repeated
      examinations. We furnish empirical evidence that the phenomenon may be
      quantitatively important in fertility research with regard to some, but probably
      not all indicators of semen quality.

PMID- 3688482
TI  - Metabolism of round spermatids: kinetic properties of pyruvate kinase.
AB  - Round spermatids (steps 1-8) were isolated from rat testes and kinetic properties
      of pyruvate (PK) in their extract were examined. A plot of PK activity against
      phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) or ADP concentration appeared sigmoidal. Km values for
      PEP and ADP were 0.12 and 0.29 mM, respectively. However, fructose 1,6
      bisphosphate (FBP) stimulated the enzyme markedly by increasing its affinity for
      PEP. FBP (0.35 microM) was required for 50% activation of PK, when the PK
      activity was measured at 25 microM PEP and 0.2 mM ADP. In contrast, ATP (Ki = 6.5
      mM) inhibited the PK activity. On the other hand, in the presence of 5 mM
      glucose, the level of FBP in spermatids increased markedly, while that of ATP
      declined rapidly. The level of ADP remained constant. When the activity of PK in
      spermatid extract was measured at intracellular levels of FBP, ADP and ATP, it
      was maximum. The results suggest that PK becomes probably fully activated when
      glucose is metabolized in the glycolytic pathway of spermatids. It seems unlikely
      that PK is the rate-limiting step in glycolysis of spermatids.

PMID- 3688483
TI  - [Tamoxifen treatment of oligospermia. Mechanism of action and metabolism].
AB  - 210 males with idiopathic oligozoospermia or oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia were
      treated with tamoxifen (2 X 10 resp. 2 X 20 mg daily) over a period of five
      months. Investigations which were performed concomitantly revealed no significant
      changes in body weight, blood pressure, blood sedimentation rate, red and white
      blood count including the number of thrombocytes. In the multi-analysis of serum
      we found significant differences within the normal range concerning the following
      parameters: creatinine, albumin, cholesterol, phosphorus, sodium, calcium,
      alkaline phosphatase, LAP and gamma-GT. Most of those changes in serum values
      could be explained by an anabolic metabolism due to an increased testosterone
      level and by additional stress of the liver function. On 41 of those patients an
      ultrasonography of the testes was performed; in more than 50% the testicular
      volume increased during therapy with tamoxifen.

PMID- 3688484
TI  - Androgen interaction with the polyamine system of the rat prostate.
AB  - The ventral and dorsal lobes of the rat prostate contain larger quantities of the
      aliphatic amines putrescine, spermidine and spermine and higher activities of the
      enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC; EC 4.1.1.17) than other accessory sex
      glands. In contrast, the coagulating glands and the seminal vesicles contain only
      small quantities of the amines but the highest activities of the arginase (ARG;
      EC 3.5.3.1). Lineweaver-Burk plots indicated that the Km-values for ARG in the
      coagulating gland and ODC in the ventral prostate lobe were 20 mM and 0.2 mM,
      respectively. Castration decreased ODC and ARG activities to 3 and 50% of control
      levels, respectively, after 3 days, whilst the Km-values were unaffected. Daily
      administration of 3 mg dihydrotestosterone (DHT) prevented these castrational
      changes. Oestrogen treatment alone had no effect on the activities of the
      enzymes, but appeared to exert a synergistic effect with androgen on the ODC.
      Administration of androgen to intact rats for 7 days caused a dose-related
      alteration in the ratios of the various amines, particularly the spermine:
      putrescine ratio. A minor but significant decrease was also recorded in the
      activity of the ODC, which was mirrored by an increase in the levels of
      putrescine in the tissue. The data suggest that androgen control of the polyamine
      pathway is biphasic, first stimulatory and later inhibitory with lesions
      occurring at the ODC, possibly via short loop feedback of its product putrescine,
      but also at subsequent enzymic steps in spermidine and spermine biosynthesis.

PMID- 3688485
TI  - [Megalospermatocytes: degeneration of spermatocytes in aged human testis].
AB  - Megalospermatocytes are very large primary spermatocytes, which show a meiotic
      disorder in form of an asynapsis of the chromosomes. They appear as localized
      cell populations within the normal seminiferous epithelium and represent one or
      several clones of synchronously degenerating germ cells. The spatial extension of
      these megalospermatocyte populations is spherical to elliptical, some of them
      look like a section of a spiral around the longitudinal axis of the seminiferous
      tubule. Neighbouring megalospermatocyte populations in a segment of a
      seminiferous tubule show characteristic relative positions to each other: Their
      centers of gravity succeed one another in the longitudinal course of the tubule
      by distances of 40 to 85 micron. They are displaced against each other by angles
      between 120 degrees and 240 degrees around the longitudinal axis of the tubule.
      The centers of gravity of several megalospermatocyte populations, which follow
      each other in a segment of a tubule, show different distances from the basement
      membrane to the lumen of the tubule. The topographic arrangement of the
      megalospermatocytes in the human seminiferous epithelium obviously corresponds to
      an organization pattern, which is based upon the geometry of spirals, as it has
      been postulated for the normally proliferating seminiferous epithelium.

PMID- 3688486
TI  - Nekrozoospermia in mosaic Klinefelter's syndrome.
AB  - A patient with nekrozoospermia is presented. His clinical, andrological and
      endocrinological data are described. Cytogenetically a complex chromosomal mosaic
      of 46,XX; 46,XY; 47,XXY and 48,XXXY was found.

PMID- 3688487
TI  - Studies of metabolism of round spermatids: cytochalasin B binding to cell
      membrane in relation to glucose transport.
AB  - Cytochalasin B inhibited uptake of 2-deoxy-D-glucose in rat spermatids (Ki = 6.3
      X 10(-7) M). This inhibition was reversible. The [3H]cytochalasin B was found to
      bind to spermatid plasma membranes at low drug concentrations. Lineweaver-Burk
      plots of binding data indicated that there was a class of high affinity sites (Kd
      = 2.9 X 10(-7) M). The results suggest that the high affinity cytochalasin B
      binding sites of spermatids are membrane-associated substances and are intimately
      related to the glucose transport system.

PMID- 3688488
TI  - Differences in prepuberal neonatally estrogenized or androgenized male rats.
AB  - The main objective of this work was to analyze the different effects produced in
      prepuberal male rats by neonatal androgenization or estrogenization. For this
      purpose male Wistar rats were injected on day one of life with 500 micrograms of
      estradiol benzoate (estrogenized animals), 500 micrograms of testosterone
      propionate (androgenized animals) or olive oil (control animals) and decapitated
      on day 15. At the moment of decapitation estrogenized animals showed decreases in
      body, testes, prostate and adrenal weights, increases in pituitary, seminal
      vesicles and epididymis weights, an increase in prolactin plasma levels and a
      decrease in those of androgens. Androgenized animals showed only decreased testes
      and epididymis weights and androgen plasma levels. These results evidence the
      presence of important qualitative differences in prepuberal neonatally
      estrogenized or androgenized rats, especially in the accessory sex organs.

PMID- 3688489
TI  - The arsenic content of human semen.
AB  - Arsenic concentration was measured by atomic absorption spectrometer in
      ejaculates of 13 subfertile men, 6 control individuals and pool-ejaculate of 24
      further andrological patients. While the detection limit was 1 microgram/l,
      arsenic concentration amounted to 2 micrograms AS/l in ejaculates. In the
      cellular fractions of seminal fluid, concentration of arsenic was under the
      detection limit. Arsenic concentration of smokers and non-smokers did not differ.

PMID- 3688490
TI  - Generation of halothane-induced immune response in a guinea pig model of
      halothane hepatitis.
AB  - A guinea pig model of halothane hepatitis was used to explore the humoral immune
      response induced by multiple halothane exposures and the potential role this
      response might play in contributing to liver damage. Three different strains of
      guinea pigs (Strain 2, Amana, and Hartley) were exposed to 1% halothane under
      either 21 or 80% oxygen for 4 hr at 2-week intervals. In each strain, halothane
      induced the appearance of an antibody cross-reactive with trifluoroacetylated
      guinea pig serum albumin (TFA-GSA). Three of six Strain 2 guinea pigs
      demonstrated an association between antibody titer and serum glutamate pyruvate
      transaminase levels. However, the possible cause and effect relationship between
      these two factors requires more investigation. Hartley guinea pigs had a 4- to 11
      fold higher level of anti-TFA antibody than the other two strains because of
      either a "higher responder" genetic background or exposure conditions that
      favored oxidative metabolism of halothane. Immunization of Amana guinea pigs with
      TFA-GSA evoked a specific anti-TFA antibody response. However, the presence of
      this antibody before halothane exposure did not potentiate the transient liver
      damage induced by exposure. Thus, these results demonstrate that in guinea pigs
      multiple exposures to halothane induce the formation of an antibody that
      recognizes a reactive intermediate of halothane formed during the anesthetic's
      metabolism.

PMID- 3688491
TI  - Age predicts effective epidural morphine dose after abdominal hysterectomy.
AB  - To determine whether there is a relation between patient age and the effective
      dose of epidural morphine for relief of incisional pain after abdominal
      hysterectomy, experience treating 66 patients between the ages of 22 and 84 years
      was retrospectively examined. Linear regressions were plotted for age vs
      effective 24-hr morphine dose, age vs pain at rest, and age vs pain during
      coughing. To evaluate the frequency of side effects, the population was
      classified into three age groups (less than 40, 40-60, greater than 60 yr) and
      examined by Fisher's exact test for possible differences. Although there was wide
      interpatient variability, there was a correlation between patient age and
      effective 24-hr morphine dose (r = -0.40, P less than 0.01). The relation is
      described by the following equation: 24-hr morphine dose (mg) = 18-age(0.15). The
      quality of analgesia did not diminish with the smaller doses administered to the
      older patients. The frequency of side effects did not differ significantly in the
      three age groups. These observations may be related to higher CSF morphine
      concentrations or to a greater analgesic effect from morphine absorbed
      systemically from the epidural space in older patients.

PMID- 3688492
TI  - Response of the heart to acute hypertension during halothane, enflurane, and
      isoflurane anesthesia.
AB  - In the open chest dog model, the response of the left ventricle exposed to acute
      mechanical hypertension was evaluated while the animals were receiving various
      concentrations of halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane. Myocardial contractility
      was quantified by the end-systolic pressure-length relation (ESPL). When the mean
      aortic pressure was increased by 40% above the control value for a given
      concentration of inhalation agent, the end-diastolic volume increased and thereby
      maintained stroke work. However, as the end-tidal concentrations of the
      anesthetics increased, this compensatory mechanism became progressively more
      ineffective as a result of myocardial depression caused by the anesthetics. No
      evidence could be found of an improvement in myocardial contractility as the
      aortic pressure was increased. Mild depression of myocardial contractility could
      be demonstrated for 1.1 MAC halothane, 0.6 MAC enflurane, and 1.0 MAC isoflurane.
      Severe depression of contractility occurred at 2.3 MAC halothane, 1.2 MAC
      enflurane, and 1.5 MAC isoflurane.

PMID- 3688493
TI  - Studies of the toxicity of I-653, halothane, and isoflurane in enzyme-induced,
      hypoxic rats.
AB  - The physical stability and low blood solubility of the new inhaled anesthetic, I
      653, imply that this agent produces limited or no toxic effects. To test this
      possibility, its effects were compared with those of other volatile agents on
      hepatic, renal, and pulmonary specimens taken from enzyme-induced, hypoxic rats.
      Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with phenobarbital and exposed for 1 hr
      to 12% O2 and no anesthesia (control) or to 1.2 MAC of one of three anesthetics:
      I-653, isoflurane, or halothane. Liver, kidney, and lung specimens were taken 24
      hr after exposure concluded. The livers of all rats given halothane (n = 6) had
      swelling (20.5 +/- 5.7% of a lobule [mean +/- SD]) and centrilobular necrosis
      (6.7 +/- 2.1% of a lobule). Isoflurane produced only slight injury (6.7 +/- 3.5%
      swelling and 1.0 +/- 0.0% necrosis in 3 of 15 rats). No hepatic injury occurred
      in control rats (n = 20) or in those given I-653 (n = 16). Pulmonary and renal
      injury were not evident with any agent. Results suggest that I-653 has equivalent
      or less effect on hepatic, renal, and pulmonary integrity than currently
      available inhaled anesthetics.

PMID- 3688494
TI  - Comparison of the toxicity of I-653 and isoflurane in rats: a test of the effect
      of repeated anesthesia and use of dry soda lime.
AB  - The low solubility and high stability of the new volatile anesthetic, I-653,
      suggest that this agent should have little or no toxic effect. This hypothesis
      was tested using repeated exposures to I-653, to isoflurane, or to no anesthetic.
      For 2 consecutive weeks, groups of 16 rats each were subjected to a total of six
      2-hr exposures to 100% oxygen and 1.6 MAC I-653, isoflurane, or no anesthetic.
      Twenty-four hours after the last exposure, the rats were killed by administration
      of 100% carbon dioxide and then autopsied. Specimens were taken from brain,
      pituitary, lung, heart, duodenum, pancreas, kidney, and liver. No tissue damage
      attributable to either anesthetic was found nor was weight gain affected.

PMID- 3688495
TI  - Circulatory effects of isoflurane during acute hypercapnia.
AB  - Acute respiratory acidosis results in increases in cardiac output and in systemic
      and pulmonary arterial blood pressures. The aim of this investigation was to
      determine if isoflurane modifies these effects. Nine patients (ASA II or III)
      scheduled for major surgery took part in the investigation. After the induction
      of general anesthesia, CO2 was added to the inspiratory gas mixture. After 15
      min, ventilation with addition of CO2 (PaCO2 8-9 kPa) isoflurane (3%) was added.
      Hemodynamic measurements were made to study the effects of acute hypercapnia and
      the effects of isoflurane during hypercapnia. The addition of carbon dioxide
      resulted in increases in cardiac output, systemic and pulmonary arterial blood
      pressures, and right and left ventricular stroke work. The addition of isoflurane
      during hypercapnia decreased systemic arterial blood pressure, but pulmonary
      arterial blood pressure was unaffected, cardiac output and stroke volume did not
      change, and left but not right ventricular stroke work decreased. In conclusion,
      acute pulmonary hypertension induced by hypercapnia was not affected by
      isoflurane but, despite increased right ventricular stroke work, there were no
      signs of right ventricular failure.

PMID- 3688496
TI  - Comparison of the effects of halothane on newborn and adult rabbit myocardium.
AB  - The effect of halothane on myocardial contractility was studied in isolated right
      ventricular muscle preparations from newborn and adult rabbits. Right ventricular
      strips were mounted in oxygenated Krebs' solution and stimulated with
      supramaximal voltages at 1.0 Hz, while isometric force of contraction was
      continuously recorded. Halothane (0.4, 0.7, and 1.1%) caused a significant dose
      dependent depression of both peak developed tension (42, 61, and 70%,
      respectively) and maximum rate of rise of isometric tension (40, 56, and 64%,
      respectively) of newborn myocardium. Newborn myocardial preparations exhibited
      approximately 20% greater depression of contractility than adult myocardium at
      each concentration studied (P less than 0.05), thus a parallel shift of the dose
      response curves was observed. It was concluded that halothane exerts a potent
      depressant effect on newborn myocardium that is greater than that on adult
      myocardium. The depression effect of halothane on the newborn myocardium may
      contribute to its hypotensive effect in newborn infants.

PMID- 3688497
TI  - Sympathetic blockade increases tactile sensitivity.
AB  - To determine whether tactile sensitivity of the normal skin is altered by
      suppression of sympathetic efferent activity, the effect of stellate ganglion
      block and epidural sympathetic block on touch threshold was studied. The study
      was performed on ten individuals with various chronic pain syndromes. Tactile
      sensitivity was measured in the normal skin area with the use of von Frey
      filaments and a two-alternative forced-choice procedure with a staircase
      presentation of touch stimuli. With stellate ganglion block, touch threshold
      decreased on the side of the block by 48.8 +/- 8.% (P = 0.002) without any
      significant change in the threshold on the healthy, nonblocked side (P = 0.003
      for the difference between the sides). With epidural sympathetic block, touch
      threshold decreased to the same extent on the diseased and healthy sides, which
      were both affected by the block (46.2 +/- 11.4%, P = 0.027 and 47.7 +/- 12.5%, P
      = 0.032, respectively). The results show that sympathetic blockade increases
      tactile sensitivity. They also suggest that sympathetic efferent activity
      modulates the function of tactile receptors. It is hypothesized that the
      sympathetic modulation makes tactile receptors less sensitive to touch, less
      specific, and probably more prone to code tactile stimuli in such a way that the
      brain recognizes this code as pain.

PMID- 3688498
TI  - A new parascalene approach to the brachial plexus in children: comparison with
      the supraclavicular approach.
AB  - A technique for blocking the brachial plexus was designed after reevaluation of
      the gross anatomy of the neck in children. It consists of penetrating the
      perineural sheath at the level of the omohyoid muscle using a strictly anterior
      posterior direction for insertion of the needle. This procedure was prospectively
      evaluated in 60 children (group P) and compared with classical supraclavicular
      approach in 60 similar patients (group S). Insulated needles and a nerve
      stimulator were used with both techniques. Although both techniques produced a
      high degree of sensory blockade in almost all infraclavicular branches of the
      brachial plexus, the parascalene approach proved to be easier and more reliable
      while also being almost free of complications.

PMID- 3688499
TI  - The effect of meperidine on the guinea pig extrahepatic biliary tract.
AB  - The effect of meperidine on the mechanical activity of isolated guinea pig common
      bile duct (CBD) and gallbladder was studied in vitro. The effect was found to
      consist of inhibitory and excitatory phases. The inhibitory phase, characterized
      by a decrease in the response of the CBD and gallbladder to carbachol and
      electrical stimulation, was seen with concentrations of 10(-6) M or higher. The
      excitatory phase, seen at high concentrations of meperidine (5 X 10(-5)-10(-4)
      M), involved an increase in spontaneous contractions of CBD and in the tone of
      the gallbladder. Neither effect of meperidine was affected by 0.5 X 10(-5) M
      naloxone. These data indicate that meperidine acts on the biliary tract by a
      mechanism different from that associated with the effect of morphine.

PMID- 3688500
TI  - Mechanisms of succinylcholine-induced arrhythmias in hypoxic or
      hypoxic:hypercarbic dogs.
AB  - To evaluate the effects of succinylcholine on cardiac arrhythmias and serum
      levels of potassium and catecholamines, dogs with hypoxia alone and with hypoxia
      and hypercarbia were studied during anesthesia with halothane or enflurane. After
      the injection of succinylcholine (0.3 mg/kg), cardiac arrhythmias occurred in all
      halothane:hypoxia dogs and in 70% of dogs given halothane during
      hypoxia:hypercarbia. No dogs given enflurane anesthesia developed arrhythmias.
      Serum potassium levels increased significantly 3 and 5 min after succinylcholine
      in all groups. Serum epinephrine levels increased in the halothane
      hypoxia:hypercarbia and enflurane:hypoxia groups and, after the injection of
      succinylcholine, epinephrine levels increased further in dogs in the
      halothane:control, halothane:hypoxia, halothane-hypoxia:hypercarbia,
      enflurane:hypoxia, and enflurane-hypoxia:hypercarbia groups. Norepinephrine
      levels increased with enflurane-hypoxia:hypercarbia and after the succinylcholine
      in the halothane:hypoxia, halothane-hypoxia:hypercarbia, and enflurane
      hypoxia:hypercarbia groups. The results suggest that succinylcholine induces
      arrhythmias by sympathetic stimulation and that halothane sensitizes the
      myocardium to arrhythmias at the same levels of serum catecholamines and
      potassium in the presence of hypoxia or hypoxia:hypercarbia more than does
      enflurane.

PMID- 3688501
TI  - Central nervous system complications after 6000 retrobulbar blocks.
AB  - Six thousand consecutive patients in whom retrobulbar anesthesia was performed by
      an anesthesiologist before ophthalmic surgery were studied. Sixteen patients (1
      in 375) developed signs and symptoms presumed to be caused by the direct spread
      of the local anesthetic agents to the central nervous system. These signs and
      symptoms ranged from drowsiness, blindness of the contralateral eye, abnormal
      shivering, or vomiting, through to respiratory depression, apnea, hemiplegia,
      aphasia, convulsions, unconsciousness, and cardiopulmonary arrest. The severity
      of the symptoms was unrelated to the dose of anesthetic administered. The time of
      the onset of symptoms after the retrobulbar injection was variable (average 8
      min, range 2 to 40 min). The possibility of a life-threatening complication
      occurring was rare (1 in 750) but unpredictable. The need for closely monitored
      anesthesia care of all patients having surgery under retrobulbar anesthesia is
      stressed.

PMID- 3688502
TI  - Application of a new method for measurement of plasma methadone levels to the use
      of epidural methadone for relief of postoperative pain.
AB  - A method is described for measurement of plasma methadone concentrations using a
      gas chromatic technique that is rapid and specific and enables the detection of
      concentrations of less than 1 ng/ml in plasma samples of only 1 ml. The method,
      when used to determine the plasma methadone levels in patients given continuous
      epidural infusions of methadone plus on-demand supplementation for relief of
      postoperative pain, showed plasma methadone plateaus of around 10 ng/ml (starting
      at 15 min and lasting over 2 hr) and 20 ng/ml (starting at 3 hr and lasting over
      the period of treatment) (P less than 0.001) after an initial 2-mg methadone
      epidural bolus and with continuous epidural methadone. Mean plasma methadone
      levels of around 10 ng/ml were associated with pain relief. Analgesia could be
      safely maintained for 24 hr.

PMID- 3688504
TI  - Reflex sympathetic dystrophy: a complication of interscalene block.

PMID- 3688503
TI  - The absorption and degradation of isoflurane and I-653 by dry soda lime at
      various temperatures.
AB  - The capacity of dry soda lime to absorb and degrade isoflurane and a new inhaled
      anesthetic, I-653, was measured at normal, decreased, and increased temperatures.
      Both agents were absorbed at all temperatures tested (0, 20, 40, and 60 degrees
      C). Absorption of isoflurane into a molecular sieve-like portion of dry soda lime
      was 30% (40 degrees C) to 115% (0 degrees C) greater than that of I-653.
      Similarly, the quasipartition coefficient for dry soda lime was 18% (0 degrees C)
      to 212% (20 degrees C) greater with isoflurane than with I-653. Degradation rates
      for the two anesthetics were comparable, although slightly higher for I-653 than
      for isoflurane. Fractional degradation rates for both agents increased with
      increasing temperature and decreased as the concentration of agent increased.

PMID- 3688505
TI  - Brachial plexus anesthesia in eight patients with recessive dystrophic
      epidermolysis bullosa.

PMID- 3688506
TI  - Increased incidence of itching and herpes simplex in patients given epidural
      morphine after cesarean section.

PMID- 3688507
TI  - Vaginal delivery impeded by a large fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma: anesthetic
      considerations.

PMID- 3688508
TI  - Varied uses of a thiopental infusion.

PMID- 3688509
TI  - Flapper valve malfunction in an Ohio closed scavenging system.

PMID- 3688510
TI  - Severe bradycardia following epidural anesthesia in a patient with idiopathic
      hypertrophic subaortic stenosis.

PMID- 3688512
TI  - No flow anesthesia.

PMID- 3688511
TI  - Amantidine in prevention of fentanyl-induced muscle rigidity.

PMID- 3688513
TI  - Are local anesthetics equal?

PMID- 3688514
TI  - Epidural ketamine for postoperative analgesia.

PMID- 3688515
TI  - One cap too many.

PMID- 3688516
TI  - Preoxygenation techniques.

PMID- 3688517
TI  - Ulnar nerve palsy of unusual etiology.

PMID- 3688518
TI  - Report of a problem with a new spinal needle.

PMID- 3688519
TI  - Let us not bury the priming principle too quickly.

PMID- 3688520
TI  - Local analgesia by perineural morphine injection.

PMID- 3688521
TI  - Pulse oximeters, one lung disease and the Rotabed.

PMID- 3688522
TI  - Intraoperative cardiac dysrhythmias in a patient with bulimic anorexia nervosa.

PMID- 3688523
TI  - Burn, erosion, and "sun"tan with the use of pulse oximetry in infants.

PMID- 3688524
TI  - High-frequency jet ventilation during thoracic surgical procedures.

PMID- 3688525
TI  - Two-hour versus 22-hour creatinine clearance in critically ill patients.

PMID- 3688526
TI  - The effect of autotransfusion on catecholamine levels during pheochromocytoma.

PMID- 3688527
TI  - Another aspect of celiac plexus block.

PMID- 3688528
TI  - Problems associated with endotracheal tubes with monitoring lumens in pediatric
      patients.

PMID- 3688529
TI  - Caudal and ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve blocks in children.

PMID- 3688530
TI  - Use of an endotracheal tube without radiopaque marker for cervical CT-scans.

PMID- 3688531
TI  - Epidural anesthesia and analgesia in high-risk surgical patients.

PMID- 3688532
TI  - Ultralong-lasting nerve block: triethyldodecyl ammonium bromide is probably a
      neurotoxin rather than a local anesthetic.
AB  - The profile and duration of action of triethyldodecyl ammonium bromide (TEA-C12)
      on natural spike activity of rabbit aortic nerve was examined. To study the
      profile of action, a segment of the aortic nerve of anesthetized rabbits was
      placed in a perfusion chamber and exposed to increasing concentrations of TEA-C12
      and, for comparison, of procaine. Total nerve activity was recorded continuously
      and its change related to drug concentrations (concentration/effect curves). The
      half-lives of onset time after drug administration and recovery following drug
      washout were also determined. To study the duration of conduction block induced
      by TEA-C12, the aortic nerve of anesthetized rabbits was exposed to a
      concentration slightly higher than the minimal blocking concentration for an
      average time of 130 min after complete conduction block occurred. Three to 40
      days later, the nerves were examined both neurophysiologically and
      neuropathologically. TEA-C12 blocked nerve activity in a concentration-related
      manner, as did procaine; however, the onset time (t1/2) was much slower for TEA
      C12 (9.2 min) than for procaine (2.2 min). Most importantly, TEA-C12 block could
      not be reversed within 9 h of drug-washout, whereas all the procaine-blocked
      nerves completely recovered (t1/2 = 3.0 min). Nerve activity was completely
      blocked by TEA-C12 and nerve block was accompanied by severe morphological damage
      with complete loss of myelinated nerve fibers and severe axonal edema of the
      remaining axons for about 4 weeks. Nerve function completely recovered, but with
      only partial morphological restoration between day 30 and 40 after the initial
      block.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3688533
TI  - The effects of halothane and pentobarbital on the threshold of transpulmonary
      passage of venous air emboli in dogs.
AB  - The influence of halothane, pentobarbital, and their interaction on the passage
      of air across the pulmonary circulation was studied in 12 dogs using
      transesophageal M-mode echocardiography for air detection in the left atrium
      and/or aorta. Air was detected in the left atrium and/or aorta after pulmonary
      artery air injection of 0.04 ml/kg during 1% halothane anesthesia (n = 5).
      Addition of pentobarbital changed the threshold to 1.0 ml/kg. During
      pentobarbital anesthesia with and without halothane (n = 7), the thresholds were
      1.1 and 1.2 ml/kg, respectively. The authors conclude that the threshold for
      transpulmonary passage of venous air is higher during anesthesia with
      pentobarbital with or without halothane than during anesthesia with halothane
      alone.

PMID- 3688534
TI  - Halothane and isoflurane only slightly impair arterial oxygenation during one
      lung ventilation in patients undergoing thoracotomy.
AB  - Controversy exists as to whether the halogenated inhalation (IH) anesthetics
      impair arterial oxygenation during one-lung ventilation (1-LV). Accordingly, the
      authors have answered this question in 12 consenting patients who required 1-LV
      to facilitate the performance of thoracic surgery, by comparing arterial
      oxygenation during a prolonged period of IH anesthesia with arterial oxygenation
      during a prolonged period of intravenous (IV) anesthesia during stable 1-LV
      conditions. The patients were equally divided into halothane and isoflurane
      groups. Each patient in each IH anesthetic group underwent the following
      experimental sequence: step 1, two-lung ventilation (2-LV), 1 MAC IH anesthesia;
      step 2, 1-LV, 1 MAC IH anesthesia; step 3, 1-LV, iv anesthesia; step 4, 2-LV, iv
      anesthesia. Stable 1-LV conditions were proven by serial arterial blood gas
      measurement. Conversion from 2-LV to 1-LV during IH anesthesia (step 1 to step 2)
      caused a very large and significant decrease in PaO2 (from 484 +/- 49 to 116 +/-
      61, and from 442 +/- 58 to 232 +/- 97 mmHg in the halothane and isoflurane
      groups, respectively) and increase in shunt (from 14 +/- 4 to 44 +/- 9, and from
      19 +/- 5 to 31 +/- 8% in the halothane and isoflurane groups,
      respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3688535
TI  - Effects of reduced pulmonary flow and hypoxia on metabolism of serotonin by rat
      lungs perfused in situ.
AB  - To investigate the extent to which reduced pulmonary flow may affect non
      ventilatory functions of the lung, pulmonary artery pressures were altered
      systematically in an in vitro perfused lung preparation. Metabolic integrity of
      the tissue was assessed at two levels: disposition of exogenous serotonin (5
      hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) was monitored as a specific indicator of endothelial
      cell metabolism; and whole-tissue rates of protein synthesis and levels of ATP
      were evaluated as indices of general metabolic activity and energy availability.
      Rat lungs were perfused with recirculating cell-free buffer (37 degrees C) for 1
      or 3 h at high (36) or low (3 ml.min-1.g-1) pulmonary flow; initial rates of 5-HT
      metabolism were measured over a subsequent 2-min interval of single-pass
      perfusion. Metabolism of 5-HT was inhibited and protein synthesis decreased 35%
      at low pulmonary flow. These changes did not appear to result directly from
      hypoxia, nor from the associated fall in tissue ATP. The effects of low flow were
      not reversed at high PO2, nor was 5-HT metabolism inhibited by restricted oxygen
      availability at high flow rates. After as long as 3 h exposure to a combination
      of low flow, ventilation (V = 0), and temperature (27 degrees C) and to the
      volatile anesthetic, halothane, inhibitory effects on both amine and protein
      metabolism were rapidly reversible. Reductions in the rate of 5-HT metabolism at
      reduced flow involved a decrease in the maximal velocity (Vmax: 8.0 to 2.2
      nmol.min-1.g-1), without change in the apparent Km (2.6-3.2 microM) of the
      pathway for amine metabolism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3688537
TI  - The effects of general anesthesia on upper respiratory tract infections in
      children.
AB  - A prospective cohort study of 489 pediatric patients was performed to investigate
      the prevalence of perioperative respiratory complications and symptomatology in
      children presenting for myringotomy with upper respiratory tract infections
      (URIs). All children undergoing myringotomy received halothane N2O/O2 anesthesia
      administered via face mask. Information on complications and respiratory symptoms
      was obtained from the anesthesia and recovery room records, and by standardized
      questionnaire. There were no significant differences in perioperative
      complications between asymptomatic children (1.23%), symptomatic children
      fulfilling predetermined URI criteria (1.28%), and symptomatic children that did
      not fulfill the URI criteria (2.38%). In addition, the prevalence and duration of
      respiratory symptoms was significantly less in children having received
      anesthesia and surgery than in a matched group of non-anesthetized controls who
      did not have surgery. Results from this study suggest that there is no increased
      morbidity for children presenting at minor surgery with acute uncomplicated URIs
      and who did not require tracheal intubation. In addition, the administration of
      general anesthesia and surgery to this group of patients was followed by a
      decrease in both the appearance and duration of a number of respiratory symptoms.

PMID- 3688536
TI  - Addition of nitrous oxide to fentanyl anesthesia does not induce myocardial
      ischemia in patients with ischemic heart disease.
AB  - Although nitrous oxide is commonly administered to patients with ischemic heart
      disease, recent reports suggest that it may induce myocardial ischemia in these
      patients. The authors compared the effects of nitrous oxide on segmental left
      ventricular (LV) function and the ST segment of the electrocardiogram with the
      effects of an equal concentration of nitrogen (crossover design) before the start
      of surgery in 18 patients who required coronary-artery bypass grafting. The
      patients studied did not have valvular or LV dysfunction. Anesthesia was induced
      and maintained with intravenous fentanyl. After endotracheal intubation and 20
      min of ventilation with 100% oxygen, either 60% nitrous oxide or 60% nitrogen
      (randomly assigned) was added to the inspired gas mixture of each patient for 10
      min. This was followed by 10 min of 100% oxygen, and then 10 min of 60% nitrous
      oxide or 60% nitrogen, whichever had not been administered previously. Patients
      were monitored for myocardial ischemia using a standard 12-lead electrocardiogram
      and trans-esophageal two-dimensional echocardiography. Surgery did not begin
      until the study was concluded. No patient experienced an ST segment change
      greater than 1 mm during the study, and none developed a new segmental wall
      motion abnormality during inhalation of either nitrous oxide or nitrogen. The
      authors conclude that nitrous oxide does not induce myocardial ischemia when used
      as an adjunct to fentanyl anesthesia in patients who have severe coronary-artery
      disease accompanied by well-preserved valvular and LV function.

PMID- 3688538
TI  - Effects of nitrous oxide on coronary perfusion after coronary air embolism.
AB  - Coronary air embolism (CAE) can occur after heart surgery whenever air is present
      in the left heart or proximal aorta. When CAE occurs, its sequelae can range from
      electrocardiographic changes of ischemia to severe myocardial dysfunction and
      cardiac arrest. Since N2O has been shown to have detrimental effects in the
      presence of coronary obstructions, as well as the tendency to enlarge air emboli,
      the authors tested the hypotheses that N2O would enhance the deleterious effects
      of CAE, and that discontinuing N2O at the time of CAE would minimize those
      effects. The effects of ventilation with and without N2O on the cardiac insult
      due to left anterior descending CAE (0.02 ml.kg-1) were studied in 27 swine.
      Global cardiovascular changes that occurred after CAE included decreases in
      cardiac output, systemic arterial and coronary perfusion pressure, and LV dP/dt,
      as well as increases in LVEDP. These parameters returned towards baseline over
      time when N2O was discontinued at the time of CAE. Maintenance of N2O in the
      inspired gas after CAE occurred was uniformly fatal within 2-4 min in this model.
      Regional myocardial ischemia was significantly greater in animals receiving N2O,
      as documented by: 1) a greater incidence of elevations of epicardial ST-segments
      exceeding 3 mm from baseline in embolized and non-embolized coronary artery
      distributions, 2) a greater incidence of dysrhythmias (greater than 6 PVCs.min
      1), 3) longer duration of depression of coronary blood flow, 4) longer duration
      of post-ischemic coronary hyperemia, and 5) larger decreases with less recovery
      over time of regional myocardial lactate extraction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3688539
TI  - Reproductive and teratogenic effects of nitrous oxide, isoflurane, and their
      combination in Sprague-Dawley rats.
AB  - The reproductive and teratogenic effects of nitrous oxide (N2O), isoflurane, and
      their combination were studied in 130 timed-pregnant rats. Rats were exposed to
      either air, 0.35% isoflurane (1/4 MAC), 50% N2O (a known teratogenic
      concentration), or 50% N2O plus 0.35% isoflurane for 24 h on day 8 of pregnancy.
      On day 20 of pregnancy, cesarean sections were performed; a total of 1268
      offspring were delivered and immediately examined for external abnormalities.
      They were subsequently examined microscopically either for visceral or skeletal
      abnormalities. N2O caused significantly higher incidences of early and late
      resorptions, and major visceral malformations. The addition of isoflurane to N2O
      prevented the majority of these adverse effects. These results cast doubt on the
      methionine synthase inhibition theory of N2O teratogenicity.

PMID- 3688540
TI  - Effects of eliminating nitrous oxide in outpatient anesthesia.

PMID- 3688541
TI  - Anesthesia for an infant with severe hyperinsulinism treated by pancreatectomy.

PMID- 3688542
TI  - Chronic epidural morphine and preservative-induced injury.

PMID- 3688543
TI  - Intravenous atropine rapidly reduces lower esophageal sphincter pressure in
      infants and children.

PMID- 3688544
TI  - Profound central nervous system depression from epidural fentanyl for
      extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.

PMID- 3688545
TI  - Sacral intervertebral epidural block.

PMID- 3688546
TI  - Depression of the swallowing reflex during sedation and/or relative analgesia
      produced by inhalation of 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen.

PMID- 3688547
TI  - Hypocalcemia and prolonged QT interval following carotid artery surgery.

PMID- 3688548
TI  - Atrial pacing and thallium 201 scintigraphy: combined use for diagnosis of
      coronary artery disease.
AB  - To evaluate the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD), atrial pacing and
      thallium 201 scintigraphy were performed in 36 patients with stable angina
      pectoris who were unable to perform an adequate exercise stress test. All
      patients underwent cardiac catheterization. Nine patients had previously
      undergone coronary artery bypass surgery. Significant CAD (one or more lesions
      greater than or equal to 50%) was present in 33 patients. Atrial pacing produced
      ischemic ST segment depression (greater than or equal to 1 mm) in 18 (55%)
      patients with CAD, and angina in 20 patients (61%). As the number of vessels with
      CAD increased, there was no significant change in the sensitivities of pacing
      induced angina or ST segment depression for detecting CAD. In the 3 patients
      without CAD, ST segment depression occurred in 1 patient and angina in none.
      Thallium 201 scintigraphy demonstrated perfusion defects in 27 (82%) patients
      with CAD, with fixed defects seen in 13 studies (39%) and reversible defects in
      15 (45%). In the 3 patients without CAD, no perfusion defects were seen. The
      thallium 201 scan successfully predicted the presence of CAD in patients with
      single-vessel disease but usually underestimated the number of vessels involved
      in patients with multivessel disease. Combined sensitivity of pacing-induced ST
      segment depression and an abnormal thallium 201 scan finding for detecting CAD
      was 91%. The authors conclude that combined atrial pacing and thallium 201
      scintigraphy is a useful test for detecting CAD in patients unable to perform an
      adequate exercise stress test.

PMID- 3688549
TI  - Glucose and erythrocyte ATP: distinctive effects of dipyridamole and of
      ticlopidine.
AB  - This experiment suggests the following points: 1. Erythrocytes in control
      patients and in atherosclerosis patients seem to have a variable grade of
      affinity for adenosine and for plasma glucose. This variable grade seems to fix
      the level of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) reserves and induces the
      erythrocytes' deformability. 2. The drop in the level of ATP reserves that
      induces the poor deformability of the erythrocytes in atherosclerosis patients
      would appear to be caused by two consecutive shortages: first a shortage that
      seems to be related to a deficiency of erythrocyte adenosine as the ATP shortage
      disappears with dipyridamole treatment and then a shortage induced by the lack of
      erythrocyte glucose and suppressed by the addition of ticlopidine to the
      dipyridamole treatment.

PMID- 3688550
TI  - Changes in hemodynamics due to the contrast medium during left ventriculography.
AB  - Seventeen patients with heart diseases examined by left ventricular angiography
      were divided into two groups consisting of those with a clinical history of heart
      failure (CHF+) and those without (CHF-). Changes in hemodynamics, circulating
      blood volume, and plasma volume due to injection of the contrast medium were
      studied, and the following results were obtained. Both the CHF- and CHF+ groups
      showed an increase in heart rate after injection of the contrast medium, but a
      statistically significant difference (p less than 0.05) was noted only at one and
      two minutes after angiography in both groups. Left ventricular systolic pressure
      decreased after injection of the contrast medium in both groups, but the CHF+
      group required a longer time for recovery. In the CHF- group, the left
      ventricular end-diastolic pressure increased slightly after injection of the
      contrast medium, but in the CHF+ group it increased markedly with a statistically
      significant difference (p less than 0.01). Stroke volume, measured by a
      noninvasive, continuous cardiac output monitor according to the impedance method,
      increased upon injection of the contrast medium in the CHF- group. However, in
      the CHF+ group it decreased, although no statistically significant difference was
      noted in either group. Cardiac index increased markedly upon injection of the
      contrast medium in the CHF- group with a statistically significant difference (p
      less than 0.01), but hardly any change was observed in the CHF+ group.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3688552
TI  - Serum ionized calcium--a predictor of therapeutic response to slow calcium
      channel blockade in essential hypertension.
AB  - In 20 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension, serum ionized
      calcium was determined before and after four weeks of treatment with 240 mg
      verapamil sustained release bid. Pretreatment systolic blood pressure was
      inversely correlated to serum ionized calcium (r = -0.44, p = 0.05). Mean blood
      pressure was significantly (p less than 0.001) reduced (from 161/100 to 145/88 mm
      Hg), but mean serum ionized calcium did not change during treatment (from 1.23 to
      1.24 mmol/L). A significant inverse correlation (r = -0.56, p = 0.01) was found
      between pretreatment serum ionized calcium and reduction in systolic blood
      pressure during verapamil treatment. Thus serum ionized calcium in untreated
      essential hypertensive patients may predict the blood pressure response to the
      slow calcium channel blocker verapamil.

PMID- 3688551
TI  - Anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery: effect of coronary
      anatomy on clinical course.
AB  - Nine children and 1 adolescent with anomalous left coronary artery from the
      pulmonary trunk (ALCA) were studied between 1970 and 1982. Serial angiographic
      and hemodynamic data are compared with the clinical course. Four patients had
      separate conus coronary arteries with a major contribution to collateral flow.
      Eight patients survived various surgical procedures with 1 late death, 1 awaits
      operation, and 1 died in infancy. The authors' data show a significant potential
      for improvement in left ventricular function as shown by an increase in LV
      ejection fraction on medical therapy alone (5/6 patients), including all 4 with
      separate conus coronary arteries. The authors conclude that medical treatment
      alone may be indicated for a time in selected patients with ALCA, and a subgroup
      with a separate conus coronary artery may have a more favorable natural history.

PMID- 3688553
TI  - Catheterization of the femoral vein for chronic hemodialysis.
AB  - Over the last ten years (1976-1986), 3,041 hemodialyses have been performed with
      6,082 femoral vein catheterization in 336 patients with chronic renal failure. In
      the 3,041 hemodialyses, severe hematoma (0.29%), superficial hematoma (5.55%),
      and retroperitoneal hematoma (0.06%) have been observed. In 29 patients whose
      hemodialyses have been performed successively with femoral vein catheterization
      over a period of three to twelve months, subcutaneous fibrosis was observed in 24
      and femoral vein regional narrowing was seen in 2.

PMID- 3688554
TI  - Cerebral arteriovenous malformation: report of 136 Chinese patients in Taiwan.
AB  - The authors studied 136 Chinese patients with verified cerebral arteriovenous
      malformations (AVMs) in Taiwan. Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) was the leading
      problem at presentation (83.8%), followed by epileptic seizures (21.3%) and
      vascular headache alone (9.6%). Patients less than forty years old and/or with
      small AVMs (less than 20 ml) had a statistically significantly higher risk of
      bleeding (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.05 respectively). The risk of
      rebleeding remained unchanged in both small (less than 20 ml) and large (greater
      than or equal to 20 ml) AVMs once ICH had occurred. The average annual bleeding
      rate of a nonbleed AVM with seizure alone was 1.7%. Seizures with a partial
      component could be identified in less than half of the epileptic patients, and
      EEG abnormalities were found in 85.7% of 45 studied cases. The difference in
      mortality between medically and surgically treated patients was not of
      statistical significance. The numbers for both morbidity and good recovery were
      higher in the surgical group. The rationale for selection of surgical cases is
      discussed.

PMID- 3688555
TI  - Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) in an elderly man after cessation
      of cigarette smoking--a case report.
AB  - Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) is an occlusive vascular disease
      that occurs almost exclusively in young male tobacco users. A unique case is
      documented here in which Buerger's disease affecting the upper limbs was
      diagnosed in a sixty-two-year-old man who was a cigarette smoker but had stopped
      smoking fifteen years earlier.

PMID- 3688556
TI  - "Sick sinus syndrome in dermatomyositis"--a case report.
AB  - A forty-five-year-old woman with a history of dermatomyositis for the past
      fifteen years developed sick sinus syndrome during an exacerbation of her
      illness. This association has not been previously described in the literature, as
      far as the author can determine.

PMID- 3688557
TI  - Recurrent wheezing and stridor in a young infant.

PMID- 3688558
TI  - Chronic chlorpheniramine therapy: subsensitivity, drug metabolism, and
      compliance.
AB  - To investigate whether patients develop true subsensitivity to antihistamines
      during chronic therapy, we studied 14 adult subjects who received
      chlorpheniramine for 3-day and 3-week trials of therapy. Titrated skin tests to
      histamine and compound 48/80, chlorpheniramine blood levels (by HPLC),
      compliance, and side effects were monitored and compared during the two courses
      of therapy and their respective 72-hour washout periods. We found a significant
      correlation between chlorpheniramine blood levels and skin test suppression
      during both the 3-day and 3-week therapies. The 3-day chlorpheniramine therapy
      was more clinically effective (measured by skin test suppression corrected for
      serum chlorpheniramine concentration) than the 3-week therapy (P less than .01).
      Chlorpheniramine serum half-lives and 2-hour chlorpheniramine blood levels were
      not significantly different after the 3-day and 3-week trials. Compliance was
      significantly worse (P less than .01) during 3-week therapy. Medication side
      effects (particularly drowsiness) were frequently reported during both courses of
      therapy. We conclude that subsensitivity to chlorpheniramine does develop in
      adult patients receiving 3 weeks of therapy. This subsensitivity is not explained
      by changes in drug metabolism. In addition to subsensitivity, poor compliance may
      contribute to sub-therapeutic results during chronic antihistamine therapy. Side
      effects from antihistamines may also require individualization of therapy for
      certain patients.

PMID- 3688559
TI  - Occupational asthma due to ebony wood (Diospyros crassiflora) dust.
AB  - A 47-year-old man developed a specific late asthmatic reaction after occupational
      type exposure to ebony wood dust. Intradermal skin test to an aqueous extract of
      ebony wood did not give any immediate or late response. The challenge with ebony
      wood dust was therefore the only method of confirming the cause of asthma. The
      mechanism underlying this asthmatic reaction remains unknown.

PMID- 3688560
TI  - Training perception of air flow obstruction in asthmatics.
AB  - Eighteen asthmatics, aged 7 to 43, rated their breathing on a scale of 0 to 5
      (worst to best). They were then informed of their predicted normal peak
      expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and instructed in proper PEFR measurement. Each
      subject then estimated and measured PEFR under physician supervision and
      subsequently rated breathing, estimated and measured PEFR at home twice daily
      recording the observations. At the initial home observation, the correlation
      coefficient (r1) between estimated and measured PEFR was .98. After ten
      observations r1 was greater than or equal to .97 in all 18 subjects (group mean
      .99). The r1 remained unchanged in those subjects who completed 28 and 42
      observations. The r1 was .98 when only the observations where measured PEFR was
      less than 20% predicted were considered, demonstrating the validity of the
      relationship during abnormal expiratory flow. Multiple regression analysis showed
      no significant trend in the difference between estimated and measured PEFR over
      time after the initial observation. Of 12 subjects, 4 were significant
      underestimators of PEFR and 3 were overestimators, but the magnitude of either
      tendency was relatively small. The correlation coefficient (r2) between a
      subjective verbal breathing score and measured PEFR ranged from -.23 to .92 on an
      individual basis over the three time periods, with statistically significant
      group mean values of .37, .39, and .45 at 10, 28, and 42 observations,
      respectively. The r2 for observations where measured PEFR was abnormal was only
      .14 and not significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3688561
TI  - The association of atopic diseases with endometriosis.
AB  - Comparisons of the incidence of health-related problems were conducted between
      women with demonstrable endometriosis (N = 88) and a control group (N = 88).
      Increased incidence of respondents' reports of allergic manifestations (p less
      than .005) were found. Directions for further research are suggested.

PMID- 3688562
TI  - Maximal expiratory flow-volume patterns in allergic rhinitis. Characteristic flow
      volume patterns of the lower airways.
AB  - On 37 patients with nasal allergy and 37 non-smoking healthy volunteers, maximal
      expiratory flow-volume curve and volume-time curve were obtained. To find the
      characteristic flow changes, the flow curves were classified into five patterns
      from type A to type E. The results showed that the incidence of type A was
      significantly lower in patients with nasal allergy than in the control group,
      while the rate of type E was significantly higher at 46% and the rate of type B
      was particularly high (32.4%) in the patient group. It was demonstrated that 77%
      of the subjects provided B or C flow-volume curves, while those with pale nasal
      mucous membranes developed D and E formats. In patients with nasal allergy, these
      patterns are useful in diagnosing remarkable differences in the lower airways.

PMID- 3688563
TI  - High theophyllin doses required for asthma control.

PMID- 3688564
TI  - 3rd International Symposium on Immunological and Clinical Problems of Food
      Allergy. October 1-4, 1986, Taormina, Italy.

PMID- 3688565
TI  - Sulfite sensitivity.

PMID- 3688566
TI  - Study of mediators of anaphylaxis in nasal wash fluids after aspirin and sodium
      metabisulfite nasal provocation in intolerant rhinitic patients.
AB  - Nasal histamine (H), leukotriene C4 (I-LTC4) and SRS-A activity were studied in
      seven aspirin-(ASA)-intolerant patients (AIR) with rhinitis and in five ASA
      tolerant control patients with chronic rhinitis after nasal provocation (NP) with
      a lysine acetylsalicylate solution. The same parameters were also studied after
      metabisulfite (MBS) NP in four sulfite-intolerant patients with rhinitis and in
      six control patients with chronic rhinitis. In six ASA-intolerant subjects and in
      four controls, we studied the PGD2 levels in nasal washes after ASA NP 0.2 mL of
      lysine acetylsalicylate solution (10 mg/mL) was sprayed intranasally in ASA
      intolerant patients and controls and a 25-mg/mL MBS solution in sulfite
      intolerant patients and controls. Nasal wash fluids were obtained using 5 mL of
      0.15 M saline before and 7 1/2, 15, 30, and 60 minutes after nasal provocation.
      The nasal provocation with ASA induced itching and sneezing in four out of seven
      intolerant subjects. In this subgroup histamine values in nasal wash fluids were
      significantly higher versus the remaining ASA-intolerant patients at 30 and 60
      minutes (P less than .05 and P less than .01, respectively) and versus controls
      at 60 minutes (P less than .01). We found significantly higher I-LTC4 (P less
      than .01) and SRS-A levels in nasal washes collected from ASA-intolerant subjects
      versus controls at 60 minutes after nasal provocation. There was no significant
      increase in the mean PGD2 values in either the ASA-intolerant or control
      groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3688567
TI  - Clinical studies of food allergy in infants and children.
AB  - This was a study of 50 patients, aged 3 months to 10 years. There were 27 males
      and 23 females. Symptoms varied from respiratory complaints to rash, headaches,
      and gastrointestinal symptoms. Twenty-seven patients had runny nose, 15 wheezing,
      19 frequent infections, 10 coughing, 10 ear infections, 9 rash, 6
      gastrointestinal symptoms, and 6 with headaches. Laboratory evaluation showed
      that 16 patients had elevated IgE. Forty-six patients had IgE RAST evaluation. Of
      these, only 17 had positive IgE RAST for foods including corn, egg, wheat, and
      milk. In contrast, 32 of 46 patients had positive IgG RAST for foods including
      corn, egg, wheat, and milk. Elimination diet of IgE RAST-positive and IgG RAST
      positive foods caused a 70% reduction of symptoms. Although the data suggest that
      IgG antibodies may be helpful, further studies are warranted.

PMID- 3688568
TI  - Diagnosis of dermatologic food allergy.
AB  - Fifty-seven children under 1 year of age, 43 children aged 12 to 35 months, and
      42 children aged 3 to 15 years with atopic dermatitis were skin tested with foods
      suspected to have caused their dermatitis and other possible allergic symptoms.
      At least one positive skin test reaction was seen in 66% of the youngest
      children, in 21% in the second group, and in 50% of the oldest children. At least
      24 out of 37 skin test-positive cases in the youngest group had allergic symptoms
      after ingested foods. The corresponding number among 1 to 3-year-old children was
      seven out of nine skin test-positive cases, and 14 out of 21 cases in the last
      group. Hen egg was the most common food allergen in children under 1 year of age.
      After that age, apple, carrot, pea, and soybean elicited positive reactions as
      often as egg. Among skin test-negative children there were five cases reacting
      with abdominal and skin symptoms to milk and one child who had abdominal pain and
      diarrhea after cereals. In conclusion, skin tests are often of great value in the
      diagnosis of dermatologic food allergy. Allergen avoidance diets and peroral
      challenge tests are needed for judging the clinical relevance of the skin test
      result and also for detecting untoward reactions to foods caused by other
      mechanisms than IgE-mediated atopic allergy.

PMID- 3688569
TI  - Gastrointestinal food allergy in childhood.

PMID- 3688570
TI  - Long-term studies in prevention of food allergy: patterns of IgG anti-cow's milk
      antibody responses.
AB  - Over the past 7 years we have enrolled several hundred families in a study of the
      prophylaxis of atopic allergy. Initially, control and study patients were at
      different institutions, but more recently a true double-blind random assignment
      to control or study group has been instituted. Nevertheless, all of the infants
      from these highly atopic families can be utilized to obtain the data reported;
      that is, the rate of change of IgE levels, the appearance of food sensitization
      (food-specific IgE), the signs and symptoms of atopic allergy diseases and the
      changes in cow's milk-specific IgG antibody during the first 2 years of life.
      Some aspects of the first three of these parameters have been presented in the
      eight references to this paper, but only preliminary data on the use of IgG anti
      cow's milk antibody as a measure of compliance has been available. In this paper
      an analysis is presented of the various patterns of IgG antibody levels in the
      first 60 infants of the over 200 who have been studied to date. Both the age of
      onset and the subsequent changes in the foregoing immunologic measurements
      provide fundamental data with which to measure the success rate of any
      prophylactic or therapeutic regimen and may improve our capacity to predict the
      future course of infants and children with a strong familial tendency to allergy.

PMID- 3688571
TI  - Prospective studies in the natural history of food allergy.
AB  - The study of the natural history of food allergy is hindered by the lack of a
      reliable method of diagnosing food allergy except through oral challenge. This
      need raises a conflict between the need to document continued sensitivity and the
      effects of these repeated challenges not only on the natural history but also on
      the immediate induction of symptoms especially in the highly sensitive patient.
      Despite this difficulty, a number of investigators have provided data on a total
      of 177 infants and children who were subjected to repeated challenges. In only a
      few reports were these repeated challenges carried out in rigorous double-blind
      protocol. When the challenges were repeated, the results did not differ from the
      group as a whole. These studies agree that the prognosis in food allergy is
      excellent, with 60% to 73% of infants losing their food sensitivity in the first
      year and 26% to 53% of older children eventually remitting. The specific food
      causing symptoms (egg, milk, soy, etc) affected the prognosis but the intensity
      of IgE-mediated sensitization as indicated by skin testing or RAST did not. The
      data regarding the loss of immunologic tests as symptoms subsided differed from
      study to study. This may be due to the age at which patients were first studied
      varied widely or because the compliance with dietary restrictions in the various
      studies varied. Finally, a large majority of children developed respiratory
      symptoms to inhalant allergens at the same time their food-related symptoms
      disappeared.

PMID- 3688572
TI  - Prevention of atopy: results of a long-term (7 months to 8 years) follow-up.

PMID- 3688573
TI  - Ketotifen in prevention and therapy of food allergy.
AB  - Ketotifen, benzocycloheptathiophene, (Zaditen) an orally active, anti-allergic
      and anti-asthmatic drug in a dose of 1 mg twice daily was given from 2 to 20
      months in 20 selected patients with food allergy (FA) or food intolerance (FI).
      Sixteen children and four adults of which ten had atopic dermatitis (AD), six
      urticaria or/and angiooedema (two of which with oropharynx pruritus, oedema of
      the lips and anaphylactic shock), two asthma, and two gastrointestinal disorders.
      Food allergy was proved by clinical history, exclusion diet positive challenge
      test, skin prick tests (SPT) total IgE (PRIST) and specific IgE (RAST).
      Gastrointestinal permeability was measured in 5 out of 20 patients using mannitol
      and lactulose as probe molecules on three occasions: (1) by ingestion of the
      markers alone, (2) with concomitant ingestion of the offending food(s), and (3)
      with previous administration of ketotifen (2 mg) six hours before ingestion of
      markers and offending food. In all five individuals, food ingestion resulted in a
      significant rise of lactulose: mannitol urinary ratio and previous administration
      of ketotifen resulted in a normalization of the mannitol:lactulose urinary ratio.
      Patients with urticaria and/or angiooedema, gastrointestinal symptoms, asthma,
      and oropharynx pruritus with oedema of the lips were completely protected. In
      patients with AD, 70% were greatly improved or improved but 30% remained the
      same. It is our impression that ketotifen offers a new therapeutic dimension and
      therapy in FA.

PMID- 3688574
TI  - Societal implications of food allergy: coping with atopic disease in children and
      adolescents.

PMID- 3688575
TI  - Immunologically mediated reactions to foods: IgE in eczema.

PMID- 3688576
TI  - Food allergens: structure and immunologic properties.
AB  - Few of the food allergens have been purified and characterized. Complex mixtures
      of allergens seem to exist in some commonly allergenic foods. Much further
      research will be necessary to develop any detailed understanding of the chemistry
      of food allergens.

PMID- 3688577
TI  - Development of a platinized platinum/iridium electrode for use in vitro.
AB  - Silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) electrodes possess excellent electrical
      properties for measuring the electrical activity of gastrointestinal smooth
      muscle but exert toxic effects on this tissue in vitro. We thus developed a
      platinum electrode for use in vitro, the construction of these electrodes relying
      upon the formation of a glass-platinum/iridium seal. The platinum/iridium (Pt/Ir)
      electrodes were platinized using a current density of 0.45 mA mm-2. The electrode
      impedance at 0.01 Hz showed a minimum with platinization current-time products
      greater than 500 mA s mm-2. However, deposits in excess of 600 mA s mm-2 were
      readily removed by mechanical abrasion and proved unsatisfactory. Optimal
      platinization was obtained with a deposit of platinum-black corresponding to a
      current-time product of 550 mA s mm-2. Optimally-platinized electrodes (geometric
      surface area 0.11 mm2) had a stable and reproducible potential with a drift of
      less than 1 microV min-1 and a lower impedance than optimally chlorided silver
      electrodes (geometric surface area 0.46 mm2) at frequencies higher than 0.25 Hz.
      The platinized Pt/Ir electrodes were used to record the electrical activity of
      gastrointestinal smooth muscle in vitro.

PMID- 3688578
TI  - Short-term regulation of arterial pressure and the calculation of open-loop gain
      in the intact anesthetized dog.
AB  - Open-loop gain of the short-term systemic pressure regulation was determined
      under closed-loop conditions in the closed chest anesthetized dog (n = 5). For
      this purpose, cardiac output and mean systemic pressure were varied by
      ventricular pacing after the production of complete heart block. From the
      pressure-flow data resistance gain (the ratio of peripheral resistance change to
      pressure change in the steady state) was obtained by means of a simple model. The
      value of this gain was automatically estimated by fitting the pressure-flow
      relation described by the model to the experimental data. The model allows the
      pressure-flow relation to be straight or curved with or without a zero-flow
      pressure intercept. The best fit was obtained when the pressure-flow curve was
      convex to the pressure axis and had no intercept. When the model was linearized
      about the control values of pressure and flow (operating point), open-loop gain
      could be calculated from resistance gain. Its averaged value in the control
      condition, 1.63 +/- 0.45, is in agreement with values found by other
      investigators in open-loop conditions. During vasoconstriction open-loop gain, at
      the (new) operating point, increased to 2.51 +/- 0.51; during vasodilation it
      decreased to 1.17 +/- 0.27. Open-loop gain about an operating point thus can be
      determined in the intact animal from measurements of mean pressure and mean flow
      in the steady state.

PMID- 3688579
TI  - 3-D ventricular myocardial electrical excitation: a minimal orthogonal pathways
      model.
AB  - This study is part of our attempt to develop a fast-responding interactive
      computer simulator of the left ventricle (LV) which describes the spatial and
      temporal myocardial characteristics and the global performance of the LV,
      accounting for the continuous interactions between the electrical activation
      sequence, fiber mechanics, blood perfusion and transmural metabolism and oxygen
      demand. Here, the activation propagation front throughout the healthy 3
      dimensional LV myocardium is simulated in a macro global level by utilizing an
      analytical model based on the principle of the propagation of the electric
      activation signal along minimal pathways in an elliptically assumed LV geometry.
      The Purkinje network dominates the propagation at the endocardial layer while
      three orthogonal directions of propagation are assumed within the myocardium. The
      shortest path consists of the geodetic line at the endocardial layer and the
      normal that connects the endocardium with the point considered. The generated
      three-dimensional propagation front maps are in fair agreement with reported
      experimental data. The study thus presents a new approach that permits a quick
      reconstruction of the 3-D isochrons in a relatively simple but useful model of
      the normal heart.

PMID- 3688580
TI  - Thermal analysis of the bone surface induced by laser radiation.
AB  - High energy laser has emerged to be an important surgical tool in medical
      technology. However, the application of laser energy to drill or cut a bone is
      still in an experimental state. In order to estimate the adequacy of laser
      heating of bone surface and at the same time minimize the damage to the bone
      tissue, we developed a mathematical model of the temperature distribution in bone
      due to laser irradiation. The thermal analysis shows that the temperature
      distribution depends on several parameters, including the density, the specific
      heat, and the thermal conductivity of the osseous tissue.

PMID- 3688581
TI  - Two compartment model of the cerebrospinal fluid system for the study of
      hydrocephalus.

PMID- 3688582
TI  - Characterization and control of muscle response to electrical stimulation.
AB  - The maintenance of upright posture in neurologically intact human subjects is
      mediated by two major nervous pathways. The first, leading from the cerebral
      cortex through the spinal cord to motor neurons, activates muscles which produce
      postural movements. The second, leading from various sensory organs to higher
      centers, provides sensory feedback regarding the postural state. The path through
      the spinal cord is no longer intact in victims of spinal cord injury and loss of
      normal control of muscle activity results. Functional neuromuscular stimulation
      (FNS) has been shown as a feasible method for obtaining muscle contraction in
      paraplegics and has been proposed as a means for control of antero-posterior sway
      to make upright posture possible for these individuals. Before muscle can be
      controlled through the use of FNS, the response of muscle to electrical
      stimulation must be understood. In past studies, linear control theory has been
      applied to the analysis of this response and to the testing of various
      controllers. The aim of this study was to demonstrate some control issues in FNS
      using linear control theory, as it applies to electrical stimulation of muscle
      for stabilization of posture. The linearity of the muscle response was improved
      through closed-loop control using pole compensation techniques. The excess phase
      shift of the system due to the time delay in the muscle response, however, limits
      the ability to increase the open-loop gain in order to obtain improved
      performance. A suggestion for further study is the application of this
      methodology for uses in posture control.

PMID- 3688583
TI  - Non-invasive estimation of afferent inputs for postural stability under low
      levels of alcohol.
AB  - The maintenance of human equilibrium is a complex process. Several physiological
      systems provide afferent information for postural stabilization. This study
      describes a noninvasive methodology to estimate the relative roles of interacting
      afferent inputs relevant for postural control. A multiaxis force platform in
      conjunction with specially designed test procedure provided semi-quantitative
      insight into the roles of vision, proprioceptors and vestibular apparatus in
      controlling postural sway when it was perturbed by a central nervous system
      perturbator such as alcohol. Experiments were conducted on 10 male and 10 female
      subjects. The males did not show statistically significant increases in body sway
      at these low levels of alcohol. For the females, the present methodology could
      detect subtle changes in postural sway at low blood alcohol levels ranging
      between 0.015% and 0.03%. At these low levels of alcohol, the results from
      females show that when the vision was excluded and the proprioception was
      modified, the postural sway was most affected. The postural instability
      experienced in this condition is probably due to inappropriate responses to
      proprioceptive inputs and lack of vision. Both male and female subjects showed a
      strong "eyes by standing surface" interaction. The proprioceptor manipulation
      alone did not affect the postural stability.

PMID- 3688584
TI  - Investigation of a continuous heating/cooling technique for cardiac output
      measurement.
AB  - Cardiac output is frequently measured to assess patient hemodynamic status in the
      operating room and intensive care unit. Current research for measuring cardiac
      output includes continuous sinusoidal heating and synchronous detection of
      thermal signals. This technique is limited by maximum heating element
      temperatures and background thermal noise. A continuous heating and cooling
      technique was investigated in vitro to determine if greater thermal signal
      magnitudes could be obtained. A fast responding thermistor was employed to
      measure consecutive ejected temperature plateaus in the thermal signal. A flow
      bath and mechanical ventricle were used to simulate the cardiovascular system. A
      thermoelectric module was used to apply heating and cooling energy to the flow
      stream. Trials encompassing a range of input power, input frequency, and flow
      rate were conducted. By alternating heating and cooling, thermal signal magnitude
      can be increased when compared to continuous heating alone. However, the increase
      was not sufficient to allow for recording in all patients over the expected
      normal range of cardiac output. Consecutive ejected temperature plateaus were
      also measured on the thermal signal and ejection fraction calculations were made.

PMID- 3688585
TI  - Design of a multi-point laser scanned optical monitor of cardiac action potential
      propagation: application to microreentry in guinea pig atrium.
AB  - A system is described that uses a scanned laser beam to excite voltage-dependent
      fluorescence in cardiac muscle and thereby monitors propagation of the action
      potential. Details of the optical and electronic design are presented along with
      descriptions of the system performance. The scanner can monitor membrane voltage
      activity from 64 points simultaneously at a sample rate of 1000 samples/sec.
      Results are presented from a laser scan of arrhythmic guinea pig left atrium
      showing the complete evolution, from initiation to termination, of a functional
      microreentry induced by a premature stimulus.

PMID- 3688586
TI  - Classification of resistance to passive motion using minimum probability of error
      criterion.
AB  - Neurologists diagnose many muscular and nerve disorders by classifying the
      resistance to passive motion of patients' limbs. Over the past several years, a
      computer-based instrument has been developed for automated measurement and
      parameterization of this resistance. In the device, a voluntarily relaxed lower
      extremity is moved at constant velocity by a motorized driver. The torque exerted
      on the extremity by the machine is sampled, along with the angle of the
      extremity. In this paper a computerized technique is described for classifying a
      patient's condition as 'Normal' or 'Parkinson disease' (rigidity), from the
      torque versus angle curve for the knee joint. A Legendre polynomial, fit to the
      curve, is used to calculate a set of eight normally distributed features of the
      curve. The minimum probability of error approach is used to classify the curve as
      being from a normal or Parkinson disease patient. Data collected from 44
      different subjects was processes and the results were compared with an
      independent physician's subjective assessment of rigidity. There is agreement in
      better than 95% of the cases, when all of the features are used.

PMID- 3688587
TI  - A comparison of two models for calculating the electrical potential in skeletal
      muscle.
AB  - We compare two models for calculating the extracellular electrical potential in
      skeletal muscle bundles: one a bidomain model, and the other a model using
      spatial and temporal frequency-dependent conductivities. Under some conditions
      the two models are nearly identical. However, under other conditions the model
      using frequency-dependent conductivities provides a more accurate description of
      the tissue. The bidomain model, having been developed to describe syncytial
      tissues like cardiac muscle, fails to provide a general description of skeletal
      muscle bundles due to the non-syncytial nature of skeletal muscle.

PMID- 3688588
TI  - Mathematical and mechanical modeling of heat transport through the heart.
AB  - Pulmonary artery blood temperature manifests large variations which obscure the
      measurement of cardiac parameters by thermodilution techniques. We have created
      three mathematical models of heat flow through the heart in order to better
      understand the origins of the temperature fluctuations in the pulmonary artery.
      These lumped parameter models are based on a serial connection of two mixing
      chambers, which correspond to the atrium and ventricle of the heart. We have used
      the models to predict temperature fluctuations in the outlet, based on
      measurements of inlet flow, inlet temperature, and the timing of the cardiac
      cycle, of a mechanical right artificial heart in a mock circulatory loop. The
      most complex model accurately predicts the outflow temperature from the input
      variables and provides a quantitative description of heat transport across the
      heart under many operating conditions. The simplified models illustrate the
      conditions under which is possible to predict the outflow temperature from the
      inflow temperatures alone.

PMID- 3688589
TI  - Future research needs in biomechanics summary and recommendations of the U.S.
      National Committee on Biomechanics.

PMID- 3688590
TI  - Lactic acidosis during closed-chest CPR in dogs.
AB  - Survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is intimately related to the time
      from cardiovascular collapse to the initiation of CPR, or downtime. Furthermore,
      the reperfusion technique that optimizes coronary and cerebral blood flow after
      cardiac arrest may also be dependent on downtime. Peak blood lactate levels have
      been shown to be unchanged throughout resuscitation and predictive of downtime in
      dogs subjected to cardiopulmonary arrest and open cardiac massage. The purpose of
      this study was to determine the course of arterial lactate levels in dogs
      subjected to a fibrillatory cardiopulmonary arrest and conventional closed-chest
      CPR (CCPR). Fourteen dogs were subjected to five minutes of cardiopulmonary
      arrest and 30 minutes of CCPR. Resuscitation was performed according to a
      standardized protocol. Arterial lactic acid samples were collected at timed
      intervals throughout the experiment. Mean arterial lactic acid levels increased
      significantly with each sampling interval during 30 minutes of CCPR (overall P
      less than .05). In nine dogs successfully resuscitated, there were no significant
      differences in mean arterial lactic acid levels after the return of spontaneous
      circulation (ROSC). Open-chest resuscitation after five minutes of ventricular
      fibrillation in dogs results in peak lactic acid levels that do not change
      significantly once internal cardiac massage is initiated. In contrast, CCPR in
      similarly arrested dogs does not appear to provide adequate tissue oxygenation
      and/or perfusion to prevent continuous lactic acid accumulation.

PMID- 3688591
TI  - Treatment of hemorrhagic shock with intraosseous administration of crystalloid
      fluid in the rabbit model.
AB  - Intravenous access can be very difficult to obtain in small hypotensive infants.
      We studied the ability of the intraosseous route to accept a large volume of
      resuscitation fluid administered to hypovolemic rabbits. Hypotension induced by
      withdrawing one-third of the blood volume of rabbits was treated by infusion of
      saline, IV or intraosseously. A control group was bled, but received no saline.
      All three groups experienced a drop in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) to at
      least 50% of the prebleed baseline value. Also, all groups' heart rates dropped
      to between 90 and 95% of prebleed baseline values. A ten-minute infusion of a
      saline volume equal to three times the volume of blood removed reversed
      hypotension equally by the intraosseous and IV routes. After one-half of the
      fluid was administered, the MAP was 107 +/- 4% and 104 +/- 11% of baseline in the
      intraosseous and IV groups, respectively. In contrast, the control group had a
      MAP of 70 +/- 8% of baseline at the same time. At the end of the fluid bolus the
      intraosseous group had a MAP of 97 +/- 3% of baseline and the IV group a MAP of
      99 +/- 8%. The control group continued to have a low MAP of 72 +/- 6% of
      baseline. Heart rates rose during fluid administration in both the intraosseous
      and IV groups, reaching 103 +/- 2% and 99 +/- 3%, respectively, at the end of
      fluid administration. The control group was 88 +/- 2% of baseline at the same
      time. The differences between the treatment groups and the control group were
      significant at the .05 level. The intraosseous route will allow sufficient flow
      of fluid to rapidly reverse hypotension secondary to hemorrhage in a small mammal
      (ie, the rabbit).

PMID- 3688592
TI  - Limitations of prehospital predictors of acute myocardial infarction and unstable
      angina.
AB  - Studies have attempted to define predictive indicators of diagnosis and/or
      prognosis for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the emergency department and
      to identify the need for hospital admission in patients with chest pain. Because
      prehospital predictors have not been defined, dispatchers, paramedics, and base
      station physicians continue to triage based on patient history. We reviewed 401
      patients presenting in one year to an urban paramedic system with chest pain,
      normal vital signs, and stable rhythms to identify predictors of AMI and unstable
      angina. Thirty-one percent (123) had a diagnosis of AMI, 26% (105) unstable
      angina, and 43% (173) "other" diagnoses. Two-hundred seventy-eight patients
      required nitroglycerin administration, 182 required IV morphine, 14 developed
      arrhythmias requiring lidocaine, and two suffered cardiac arrest in the field.
      Nine other patients had a cardiac arrest after arrival in the ED. When comparing
      AMI and unstable angina patients to the "others," 64% (132) versus 36% (74) had
      radiation of pain (P less than .003), 72% (95) versus 28% (37) had diaphoresis (P
      less than .0001). Neither difficulty breathing, nausea/vomiting, vital signs,
      initial rhythm, nor past history of myocardial infarction were helpful in
      discriminating AMI and unstable angina from others. Comparing AMI alone versus
      others, the presence of ST segment elevation on lead II was present in 15% (18)
      AMIs, 3% (3) unstable angina, and 8% (14) others (P = .005). Diaphoresis also was
      a predictor of diagnosis with 51% (63) of the AMIs and 25% (69) of others
      exhibiting this sign (P less than .001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3688593
TI  - Prediction of traumatic aortic rupture from plain chest film findings using
      stepwise logistic regression.
AB  - We reviewed initial chest radiographs of 21 patients with, and 26 without, aortic
      rupture, and examined the presence or absence of individual signs previously
      cited to be associated with aortic rupture. Using stepwise logistic regression,
      the three most significant signs associated with rupture were loss of aortic
      contour, tracheal deviation, and mediastinal-to-chest ratio. A formula
      calculating the probability of aortic rupture (P) using these three variables was
      derived. Using a low cutoff point, this equation would approach 100% sensitivity
      in detecting aortic rupture while reducing the number of negative aortographs.
      The reliability of this equation and the optimal cutoff point must be determined
      in a prospective study before being used to make clinical decisions.

PMID- 3688594
TI  - The effects of esmolol on the hemodynamics of acute theophylline toxicity.
AB  - The effects of esmolol, a beta 1-selective adrenergic receptor antagonist with a
      short duration of action, were studied in a canine model of the hemodynamics of
      theophylline toxicity. Animals were anesthetized, then given 50 mg/kg
      aminophylline IV over 20 minutes followed by a continuous infusion of 1.75
      mg/kg/hr. Hemodynamic parameters, including heart rate, cardiac output, systemic
      blood pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, and pulmonary artery wedge pressure,
      were measured every 30 minutes along with plasma catecholamines and theophylline
      levels. Marked tachycardia was seen in the intoxicated state, with heart rate
      rising from a baseline of 128.0 +/- 8.3 beats per minute (BPM) to 179.0 +/- 7.4
      BPM (P = .012). This was associated with increases in catecholamines (baseline
      norepinephrine .04 +/- .04 ng/mL plasma rose to .42 +/- .21 ng/mL plasma after
      intoxication, P = .048). The average serum theophylline level during the
      experiment was 44.0 +/- 1.1 micrograms/mL serum. Esmolol then was given by IV
      infusion in these animals in doses of 25, 50, and 100 micrograms/kg/min. It
      returned the heart rate to the preintoxication baseline in a dose-related manner.
      Esmolol did not decrease cardiac output or lower blood pressure.

PMID- 3688595
TI  - Effectiveness of commercially available aqueous activated charcoal products.
AB  - A human research project was conducted to compare the relative effectiveness of
      five commercially available aqueous activated charcoal products in 25-g amounts-
      Acta-Char, Actidose-Aqua, Insta-Char, Liqui-Char, and Super-Char. Seven healthy
      adult human fasting volunteers participated. The study was double-blinded and
      subjects served as their own controls. Aspirin 2,592 mg was administered to each
      subject in the control phase to establish baseline aspirin absorption as measured
      by serial serum salicylate levels. During each of the five study phases 2,592 mg
      aspirin and a specific brand of activated charcoal were administered to the
      subjects and serial serum salicylate levels were drawn. Aspirin absorption was
      calculated using the trapezoidal rule for measuring the area under the
      concentration-time curve. Total aspirin absorption was reduced as follows: Super
      Char, 57.76%; Actidose-Aqua, 50.42%; Insta-Char, 39.55%; Liqui-Char, 33.40%; and
      Acta-Char, 27.46%. Although there were large apparent differences in the
      adsorptive capacities of the products, the only statistically significant
      difference was between Super-Char and Acta-Char. The failure to show statistical
      differences in the face of large apparent differences may have been a reflection
      of type II beta error due to the small sample size. The most common factor
      responsible for the apparent differences in the adsorptive capacities of the
      products was most likely the surface area of the activated charcoals that were
      used. The higher surface area products, Super-Char (3,150 m2/g) and Actidose-Aqua
      (1,500 m2/g) prevented the absorption of aspirin more effectively than the other
      three products that had surface areas of 950 m2/g.

PMID- 3688596
TI  - Seven years experience with group O unmatched packed red blood cells in a
      regional trauma unit.
AB  - The introduction of a blood component system has made Group O unmatched packed
      red blood cells (G O UPRBCs) available for emergency resuscitation from
      hypovolemic shock. A seven-year retrospective review is presented, describing the
      use of 537 units of G O UPRBCs for the resuscitation of 133 trauma patients. This
      represented 9.1% of all patients admitted to the Regional Trauma Unit who
      received blood for resuscitation. Ten of 116 patients on whom further blood bank
      testing was performed developed positive direct antiglobulin tests (seven of
      these were demonstrated to be negative 48 hours after transfusion); seven of the
      ten patients had received more than eight units of G O UPRBCs. No clinical
      complications were encountered. G O UPRBCs are safe and efficient for emergency
      resuscitation. Non-group O patients receiving eight or more units of G O UPRBCs
      should not receive unmatched type-specific blood.

PMID- 3688597
TI  - Changing perceptions of riskiness in drinking, drugs, and driving: an emergency
      department-based alcohol and substance abuse prevention program.
AB  - For the last three years, the University of New Mexico School of
      Medicine/Division of Emergency Medicine has sponsored an Alcohol and Substance
      Abuse Prevention Program (ASAP). The program's objectives were to expose youth to
      the "real-life" social and medical consequences of alcohol and substance abuse
      through visits and interviews with patients and their families at the University
      of New Mexico Emergency Department and Trauma Center. A pretest, post-test, and
      eight-month follow-up evaluation design was used to assess the program's effects.
      Questionnaires were administered to randomly selected experimental and control
      groups of seventh grade students (n = 27). Repeated-measures analysis of variance
      detected a significant experimental/control condition x time crossover
      interaction effect for stated perception of riskiness, F (2, 31) = 3.20, P =
      .049. The data indicated that, over time, the experimental group perceived the
      riskiness of driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol to be greater, while
      the control group perceived such behavior to be less risky.

PMID- 3688598
TI  - Fetal death in motor vehicle accidents.
AB  - This study represents a series of cases of fetal death secondary to maternal
      involvement in a motor vehicle accident. During the period 1982 to 1985, nine
      cases were reported to the county coroner's office. In approximately 50% of the
      cases, other injuries to the victim, excluding injuries related to the pregnancy,
      were minor. Evidence of fetal distress was not always apparent at the time of
      initial evaluation. In all cases, placental abruption was documented. The injury
      mechanism was generally impact with the steering wheel. At the time of the
      accident, none of the patients were using seat belts. These cases demonstrate
      that minor maternal trauma without apparent maternal distress may result in fetal
      demise. The data indicate the need for prolonged continuous fetal monitoring for
      all pregnant women involved in motor vehicle accidents.

PMID- 3688599
TI  - Self-treatment with antibiotics.
AB  - Two hundred seventy patients who presented with symptoms assumed to be infectious
      in origin were evaluated for self-treatment with antibiotics. Urine was tested
      for the presence of antimicrobials by agar diffusion assay using Bacillus
      subtilis as the test organism. Seventeen patients (6%) were found to have
      antibiotic activity in their urine, but only five admitted to self-medication.
      Age, sex, and duration of symptoms were unrelated to the incidence of self
      medication. Self-medication was seen more frequently in patients presenting with
      upper respiratory infection symptoms (12%) when compared to other symptom
      complexes (P less than .002). This study suggests that self-medication with
      antibiotics can be an important problem in patients who present to emergency
      departments, as this practice could have an impact on clinical diagnosis and
      bacterial cultures.

PMID- 3688600
TI  - Appropriate suction device in rescue medicine.
AB  - In rescue medicine, a suction apparatus must function in a variety of
      environmental conditions. To find an appropriate device for the Swedish Air Force
      air rescue service the Laerdal suction device 790,000 was selected for further
      testing according to international standards for aviation safety. Tests showed
      that vibrations had deleterious effects on the internal construction of the
      suction device. In addition, an electromagnetic field was generated affecting the
      navigation, autopilot, and communication systems. We conclude that the suction
      apparatus and probably other devices as well must be tested for their functioning
      in adverse environments and their ability to meet international aviation safety
      regulations.

PMID- 3688601
TI  - Tandem 8.5-French subclavian catheters: a technique for rapid volume replacement.
AB  - A technique for the ipsilateral insertion of tandem 8.5-French catheters for
      subclavian catheters is presented. This technique allows rapid volume
      administration while minimizing the risk associated with bilateral subclavian
      insertions.

PMID- 3688603
TI  - Suicidal sodium azide ingestion.
AB  - Sodium azide (NaN3) is a highly reactive, toxic, widely used chemical. Although
      industrial exposure is common, fatal ingestion is rare. We describe the case of a
      30-year-old man who ingested 15 to 20 g of sodium azide. He became comatose
      within two hours and eventually expired from a combination of acidosis,
      respiratory depression, and ventricular fibrillation. In sufficient doses, sodium
      azide is rapidly fatal and there is no effective treatment.

PMID- 3688602
TI  - Medical emergencies aboard commercial aircraft.
AB  - The Federal Aviation Administration has recently ordered a physician's kit be
      installed aboard all commercial aircraft in the United States. The kit includes
      epinephrine, diphenhydramine HCl, nitroglycerin tablets, 50% dextrose injection,
      oropharyngeal airways, stethoscope, and sphygmomanometer. The addition of the kit
      prompts an examination of medical problems while aloft. We review the incidence
      of inflight medical emergencies, the equipment available for treating such
      incidents, and first aid training of the cabin crew. Ongoing issues such as the
      legal status of physician volunteers and the security of first aid supplies
      aboard an aircraft are discussed. The most effective step to prevent further
      inflight medical incidents would be to initiate an educational program in both
      medical and aviation circles detailing the hazards and contraindications to
      flight.

PMID- 3688604
TI  - Massive propranolol overdose poorly responsive to pharmacologic therapy: use of
      the intra-aortic balloon pump.
AB  - Reported is the case of a 17-year-old woman who experienced full cardiac arrest
      less than one hour after ingesting 8 g of propranolol. More than two hours of CPR
      were required because she did not respond to glucagon or high doses of beta and
      alpha agonists. An intra-aortic balloon pump was used for hemodynamic support of
      drug-induced cardiogenic shock when pulses returned. She experienced complete
      recovery without sequelae.

PMID- 3688605
TI  - Ethylene glycol poisoning with a normal anion gap due to occult bromide
      intoxication.
AB  - Ethylene glycol poisoning causes metabolic acidosis with an increased anion gap,
      due to production of organic acid anions during its metabolism. Bromide poisoning
      may cause a spuriously decreased anion gap when chloride determination is
      performed with a colorimetric technique. A 39-year-old woman with ethylene glycol
      poisoning presented in coma, with a hyperchloremic normal anion gap acidosis. The
      serum bromide level was found to be in the toxic range, confirming the diagnosis
      of bromide poisoning. Hemodialytic therapy resulted in resolution of electrolyte
      and acid-base abnormalities, and restoration of a normal state of consciousness.
      In this patient, clinically occult bromide intoxication caused a spurious
      lowering of the anion gap, normalizing what was in reality an increased anion gap
      due to ethylene glycol poisoning.

PMID- 3688606
TI  - Treatment of phenytoin toxicity with repeated doses of activated charcoal.
AB  - A 38-year-old woman ingested at least 10 g of phenytoin and was managed using
      repeated doses of oral activated charcoal. The peak serum concentration of 52
      micrograms/mL was reached within 42.5 hours of ingestion. Signs and symptoms of
      phenytoin toxicity had disappeared four days after ingestion. The serum phenytoin
      concentration was in the therapeutic range six days after ingestion. The clinical
      course of this patient was shorter than those of other conventionally treated
      patients with phenytoin overdoses. Multiple-dose activated charcoal may have a
      role in the treatment of phenytoin overdoses by limiting the amount of
      gastrointestinal absorption and by enhancing elimination.

PMID- 3688607
TI  - An unusual presentation of bilateral facet dislocation of the cervical spine.
AB  - We report the case of a patient who presented complaining of neck pain after a
      fall. Initial physical examination was remarkable for an occipital scalp
      contusion and tenderness to palpation in the mid-cervical spine. Neurological
      examination demonstrated an absence of response to pinprick below approximately
      the T4 level. Upper extremities had equal withdrawal to pain and lower
      extremities were without movement. Initial cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine
      films were normal. An emergency myelogram demonstrated a complete extradural
      block at the C6 level. Cross-table lateral cervical spine films revealed a C5-C6
      bilateral facet dislocation. The patient subsequently underwent closed reduction
      with in-line-traction. He had a prolonged hospital course and was eventually
      transferred for rehabilitation, with some improvement in neurologic status.

PMID- 3688608
TI  - Traumatic internal jugular vein cannulation.
AB  - A 63-year-old man with acute myocardial infarction complicated by
      atrioventricular block underwent an insertion of a temporary electrode for
      cardiac pacing. The posterior approach for right internal jugular vein
      cannulation was used. A 15-gauge needle was inserted under the
      sternocleidomastoid muscle aiming at the suprasternal notch with a 30-degree
      posterior angle of entry. An hour later the patient started to hiccup. The
      hiccups were resistant to drug therapy and to cessation of pacing. A chest
      radiograph revealed elevation of the right diaphragm and hematoma on the right
      side of the trachea, possibly compressing the right phrenic nerve on its route
      beneath the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the internal jugular vein. Within
      seven days the hiccups gradually ceased. Our case shows the advantages and
      complications of internal jugular vein cannulation.

PMID- 3688609
TI  - Fatal cardiac arrhythmias and shock following yew leaves ingestion.
AB  - A 40-year-old woman presented with vomiting and abdominal pain following
      voluntary ingestion of 150 yew leaves. She developed ventricular conduction
      defects and arrhythmias unresponsive to medical treatment after admission. She
      expired five hours after yew ingestion from irreversible cardiogenic shock. More
      attention should be given to this rare but severe intoxication for which no
      effective therapy is known.

PMID- 3688610
TI  - Retroperitoneal hemorrhage presenting as a ruptured ectopic pregnancy.
AB  - A young woman presented with acute abdominal pain, anemia, and a positive
      pregnancy test. At surgery a large retroperitoneal hematoma secondary to a
      ruptured right kidney was found. Pathological examination revealed a hematogenic
      necrosis of a choriocarcinoma of the kidney. The patient tolerated subsequent
      chemotherapy with no evidence of recurrent disease after ten months of follow-up
      care. The diagnosis of choriocarcinoma must always be entertained when a patient
      presents with a positive pregnancy test and normal pelvic examination.

PMID- 3688611
TI  - The humane use of animals in research. American College of Emergency Physicians.

PMID- 3688612
TI  - Role of sorbitol in theophylline elimination.

PMID- 3688613
TI  - Cooperation between surgery and emergency medicine.

PMID- 3688614
TI  - Physicians' role in aeromedical transport questioned.

PMID- 3688615
TI  - Remember the physical examination.

PMID- 3688616
TI  - Ultralight aircraft accidents.

PMID- 3688618
TI  - ANA liability plan is extensive, unique.

PMID- 3688617
TI  - NYSNA, PNA vote to remain in ANA.

PMID- 3688619
TI  - As I see it: nursing home patients need 24-hour RN staffing.

PMID- 3688620
TI  - Challenges from the field.

PMID- 3688621
TI  - Progress toward a viable interface between social and clinical-counseling
      psychology.

PMID- 3688623
TI  - Report of the Surgeon General's workshop on pornography and public health.

PMID- 3688622
TI  - The shortage of cadaver donor organs for transplantation. Can psychology help?

PMID- 3688624
TI  - Psychology and mental retardation.

PMID- 3688625
TI  - Mental retardation. Some conceptions and dilemmas.

PMID- 3688626
TI  - The epidemiology and prevention of mental retardation.

PMID- 3688627
TI  - Psychological services in educational settings to persons with mental
      retardation.

PMID- 3688628
TI  - APA's position on the insanity defense. Empiricism versus emotionalism.

PMID- 3688629
TI  - Psychologists in medical schools. The trials of emerging political activism.

PMID- 3688630
TI  - New York State. A case study in organizing psychology.

PMID- 3688631
TI  - Psychologists in medical schools. Medical staff status and clinical privileges.

PMID- 3688632
TI  - Natural killer cell activity associated with human neoplasms.

PMID- 3688633
TI  - Water and blastomycosis: don't blame beaver.

PMID- 3688634
TI  - Is standard chemotherapy adequate in tuberculosis patients infected with the HIV?

PMID- 3688635
TI  - Two outbreaks of blastomycosis along rivers in Wisconsin. Isolation of
      Blastomyces dermatitidis from riverbank soil and evidence of its transmission
      along waterways.
AB  - Blastomycosis cannot yet be prevented or controlled, in part because the natural
      habitat of the causative fungus, Blastomyces dermatitidis, remains ill defined.
      In investigating 2 outbreaks of blastomycosis that occurred in the summer of 1985
      among persons engaged in activities along rivers in contiguous central Wisconsin
      counties, we isolated B. dermatitidis from soil at one of the riverbanks.
      Blastomycosis developed in 7 (58%) of 12 residents and guests who had gathered at
      a pheasant farm on the Tomorrow River in early May, and in 7 (88%) of 8 boys and
      1 adult who had visited a site on the Crystal River in early June. Of the 14
      patients, 13 (93%) were symptomatic. Two patients visiting the sites only once
      became ill 23 and 78 days after exposure, respectively. We traced one outbreak to
      fishing from the bank of the Tomorrow River, and the other to climbing into an
      underground timber fort along the Crystal River. A culture of soil and organic
      debris from the fishing site yielded B. dermatitidis. From these and other
      outbreaks, and studies of endemic disease, we conclude that riverbanks can be a
      natural habitat of B. dermatitidis, and that the environment around waterways
      represents the most important site yet identified for transmission of B.
      dermatitidis.

PMID- 3688636
TI  - Effects of indomethacin on pulmonary hemodynamics and gas exchange in patients
      with pulmonary artery hypertension, interference with hydralazine.
AB  - To assess the ability of indomethacin (Indo) to influence pulmonary vascular tone
      in patients with chronic lung disease, we studied the hemodynamic and gas
      exchange alterations induced by a 50-mg indomethacin infusion in 10 patients
      suffering from varying degrees of pulmonary artery hypertension and hypoxemia.
      The most pronounced effects were observed 3 h after Indo administration. Mean
      systemic arterial pressure (Psa) increased from 76 +/- 4 to 86 +/- 4 mm Hg (p
      less than 0.01), whereas mean pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa) was unchanged.
      The cardiac index (CI) decreased from 3.1 +/- 0.2 to 2.8 +/- 0.2 L/min/m2 (p less
      than 0.02) because of the reduced heart rate, which decreased from 86 +/- 5 to 80
      +/- 4 beats/min (p less than 0.05). Systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance
      indexes increased, respectively, from 22 +/- 2 to 27.5 +/- 2 U/m2 (p less than
      0.001) and from 11.9 +/- 2 to 13.4 +/- 2 U/m2 (p less than 0.05). We measured an
      increase in PaO2, from 49.5 +/- 4 to 57.5 +/- 4 mm Hg (p less than 0.001)
      simultaneously with a reduced venous admixture, from 39.5 +/- 4 to 30.5 +/- 3% (p
      less than 0.001). The calculated PO2 uptake was unchanged, but mixed venous O2
      tension increased from 30.5 to 33.5 mm Hg (p less than 0.01). Because Indo may
      interfere with the hypotensive effect of hydralazine and because hydralazine has
      been proposed in the treatment of patients with pulmonary hypertension, 7 of
      these patients also received 0.35 mg/kg hydralazine and Indo plus hydralazine
      (Indo + H) injected simultaneously.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3688637
TI  - Indomethacin pretreatment reduces ozone-induced pulmonary function decrements in
      human subjects.
AB  - We studied whether O3-induced pulmonary function decrements could be inhibited by
      the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, indomethacin, in healthy human subjects.
      Fourteen college-age males completed six 1-h exposure protocols consisting of no
      drug, placebo, and indomethacin (Indocin SR 75 mg every 12 h for 5 days)
      pretreatments, with filtered air and O3 (0.35 ppm) exposures within each
      pretreatment. Pretreatments were delivered weekly in random order in a double
      blind fashion. Ozone and filtered air exposures, separated by 72 h, were
      delivered in random order in a single-blind fashion. Exposures consisted of 1-h
      exercise on a bicycle ergometer with work loads set to elicit a mean minute
      ventilation of 60 L/min. Statistical analysis revealed significant (p less than
      0.05) across pretreatment effects for FVC and FEV1, with no drug versus
      indomethacin and placebo versus indomethacin comparisons being significant. These
      findings suggest that cyclooxygenase products of arachidonic acid, which are
      sensitive to indomethacin inhibition, play a prominent role in the development of
      pulmonary function decrements consequent to acute O3 exposure.

PMID- 3688638
TI  - High frequency chest wall oscillation in patients with chronic air-flow
      obstruction.
AB  - In order to assess high frequency chest wall oscillation (HFCWO) as a way to
      assist spontaneous breathing in obstructive lung disease, we studied 12 patients
      with severe and stable COPD. HFCWO at 5 Hz were applied by means of an inflatable
      vest. In order to avoid any discomfort, oscillations were applied only during the
      expiratory phase of the spontaneous breathing cycle. We compared gas exchange and
      pattern of breathing during control and HFCWO periods, each lasting 15 min.
      Minute ventilation did not change, but the pattern of breathing was markedly
      altered during HFCWO: breathing frequency decreased (p less than 0.001) from 18
      +/- 6/min during control to 14 +/- 5/min, whereas tidal volume increased (p less
      than 0.01) from 600 +/- 200 ml during control to 860 +/- 400 ml. Secondary to
      this change in the pattern of breathing, arterial PO2 increased slightly (p less
      than 0.01) from 54 +/- 7 mm Hg during control to 57 +/- 8 mm Hg during HFCWO, and
      arterial PCO2 significantly (p less than 0.01) decreased from 46 +/- 6 mm Hg
      during control to 43 +/- 7 mm Hg during HFCWO. In addition, duty cycle (Ti/Ttot)
      decreased (p less than 0.001) from 0.37 +/- 0.03 s during control to 0.29 +/-
      0.05 s during HFCWO. Such a decrease in duty cycle suggest that inspiratory
      muscle work was facilitated under HFCWO. In 8 patients, we obtained the tension
      time index (TTdi), or the product of duty cycle and Pdi/Pdimax, and found that
      this index significantly decreased (p less than 0.05) from 0.06 +/- 0.03 during
      control to 0.04 +/- 0.02 during HFCWO.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3688639
TI  - Lung volumes in Polynesian children.
AB  - Polynesian (Maori and Pacific Island) children account for approximately one
      quarter of the children in New Zealand, but good data for lung function in this
      group are not available. In this review, we report lung volume measurements in
      571 healthy children 5 to 13 yr of age: 270 Polynesians (139 boys and 131 girls)
      and 301 Europeans (177 boys and 124 girls). All measurements were made in a body
      plethysmograph. Polynesian boys had significantly larger VC, FVC, FRC, TLC, and
      expiratory reserve volume than did Polynesian girls. Polynesian and European
      children generally showed different slope and intercept relationships for the
      prediction of lung volume from height. Racial differences are not adequately
      explained by differences in body proportions or social factors including parental
      smoking. Possible explanations include racial differences in lung growth and
      maturation.

PMID- 3688640
TI  - The effect of maternal cigarette smoking on the pulmonary function of children
      and adolescents. Analyses of data from two populations.
AB  - To evaluate the role of the use of different analytical techniques in determining
      differences in the reported effects of passive smoking in children and
      adolescents, data sets from 2 studies that had previously reported divergent
      results were subjected to a uniform analytic procedure using a first-order
      autoregressive model (AR1). Although the populations studied differed in age
      distribution and the frequency of both personal and maternal smoking, the
      assumptions of the AR1 model were met by both data sets, and the models developed
      fit both data sets well. Coefficients for personal smoking from the study
      specific models were almost identical. An effect of maternal smoking on FEV1,
      which has been reported for the East Boston data, again was observed, but no such
      effect was observed for the Tucson data set. These findings suggest that the
      differences in reported results are not related simply to model specificity and
      that real differences in exposure or response to exposure may be occurring in
      different climatic situations. Such differences need to be taken into account in
      any assessment of indoor exposure to potentially noxious agents.

PMID- 3688641
TI  - The association between health status and the performance of excessively variable
      spirometry tests in a population-based study in six U.S. cities.
AB  - The relationship between 6 chronic respiratory symptoms and the performance of an
      excessively variable FEV1 (test failure) was examined among 8,522 white adults in
      6 U.S. cities. A total of 747 (8.9%) performed an excessively variable FEV1
      according to the American Thoracic Society criterion. After adjusting for
      smoking, age, and city of residence in 6 separate logistic regression models, the
      odds ratios for FEV1 failure among men were 2.32, 1.39, 1.40, 1.82, 2.61, 1.92
      for moderate breathlessness, chronic cough, phlegm, wheeze, asthma, and recurrent
      chest illness, respectively. Among women, FEV1 failure was significantly
      associated with moderate breathlessness, chronic phlegm, wheeze, and asthma with
      odds ratios of 1.55, 1.45, 1.62, and 1.95, respectively. When all symptoms were
      evaluated simultaneously in a single logistic regression model, only
      breathlessness and asthma remained associated with FEV1 failure; odds ratio =
      1.97 for asthma and 2.03 for breathlessness among men and 1.53 for both asthma
      and breathlessness among women. The 11-yr mortality experience of subjects with
      test failure, as defined by 2 different criteria, was compared to that of the
      quartile of the cohort with the highest cross-sectional test results. After
      adjusting for age, gender, and smoking, the relative risks of mortality were 1.62
      and 1.98 for subjects with an FEV1 failure as defined by the ATS and 6-Cities
      criteria, respectively, and 1.99 and 1.90 for the groups with FVC failure as
      defined by the 2 criteria. Thus test failure is almost as strong a predictor of
      mortality as poor FEV1.

PMID- 3688642
TI  - Clinical significance of an isolated reduction in residual volume.
AB  - To determine the significance of an isolated reduction in residual volume (RV),
      the medical records and chest radiographs of 69 patients who had a RV less than
      or equal to 65% of predicted and normal VC, DLCO, and expiratory flow rates were
      reviewed. Sixty-three of 69 patients (92%) had clinical conditions that could
      account for their decreased RV. Definite disease was considered to be present in
      the 39 patients with radiographically apparent parenchymal (n = 18) or chest wall
      (n = 21) abnormalities, whereas 24 others with clinical diagnoses such as
      congestive heart failure or toxic inhalation were considered to have probable
      disease. All patients who had a RV below 50% of predicted had either definite or
      probable disease. Follow-up testing of 19 patients 31 +/- 21 months after their
      initial reduction in RV was first documented indicated that the RV accurately
      reflected the patient's current clinical status in that it increased by 17 +/-
      16% of predicted in those who were clinically improved and decreased by 27 +/- 7%
      in those who were clinically worse. In patients who were clinically stable, the
      isolated reduction in RV was a persistent finding. We conclude that an isolated
      reduction in RV is a clinically significant finding indicative of pulmonary or
      chest wall disease. Interval changes in RV reflect alterations in disease
      activity.

PMID- 3688643
TI  - Diurnal variation of the diffusing capacity of the lung: is it real?
AB  - The single-breath diffusing capacity of the lung (DLCO) has been reported to
      decrease at a rate of 1.2 to 2.2% per hour during usual daytime hours. In an
      attempt to confirm these findings, we measured DLCO using both single-breath
      (DLCOs) and rebreathing techniques (DLCOR) in healthy, nonsmoking volunteers over
      the course of a day and again at different times on different days. Serial
      testing over a day showed a consistent fall (0.39%/h for DLCOS and 0.56%/h for
      DLCOR) in DLCO that was explained by increasing carboxyhemoglobin levels (COHb)
      and decreasing hemoglobin concentrations (Hb). When subjects were tested at
      different times on different days and compared using a paired t test, there was
      no change in DLCO over the time of day using either technique. We conclude that
      there is no diurnal variation in DLCO when adjusted for changes in Hb and COHb.
      The measurement of COHb levels and Hb concentrations for adjustment of DLCO
      results is important for correct interpretation of both individual and group
      studies of DLCO and should be performed whenever possible.

PMID- 3688644
TI  - Activation of the inspiratory intercostal muscles by electrical stimulation of
      the spinal cord.
AB  - Electrical stimulation of the spinal cord was evaluated as a method of activating
      the inspiratory intercostal muscles. Studies were performed in anesthetized dogs
      after hyperventilation-induced apnea. A stainless steel electrode, rubberized
      along its entire length except for 2 to 3 mm at the distal tip, was introduced
      epidurally onto the dorsal surface of the thoracic spinal cord. Stimulating
      electrodes were also placed in each hemidiaphragm. Intercostal electromyograms,
      inspired volume, and thoracoabdominal movements were monitored. The inspiratory
      capacity was determined in each animal as the volume required to achieve an
      airway pressure of +25 cm H2O during passive lung inflation. Spinal cord
      stimulation at the T2-T3 spinal level resulted in maximal inspired volume
      generation and electrical activation of the parasternal, external, and internal
      intercostal muscles of the upper and midrib cage regions as determined by
      electromyograms. Intrathoracic pressure swings increased progressively with
      increasing stimulus amplitude and frequency until plateaus were reached at 6 mA
      and 40 Hz, respectively. Postphrenicotomy spinal cord stimulation resulted in
      expansion of the rib cage and reduction in circumference of the abdominal
      compartment. Inspired volumes during spinal cord stimulation were 537 +/- 49 ml
      (prephrenicotomy, prone), 347 +/- 19.6 ml (postphrenicotomy, prone), and 303 +/-
      30.6 ml (postphrenicotomy, supine). Bilateral diaphragm activation alone resulted
      in inspired volumes of 404 +/- 39 ml. Combined diaphragm and postphrenicotomy
      spinal cord stimulation (supine) resulted in an inspired volume of 712 +/- 72 ml,
      which approximated the inspiratory capacity (803 +/- 35 ml). Our results suggest
      that spinal cord stimulation may be a useful physiologic and clinical tool to
      produce coordinated contraction of the inspiratory intercostal muscles.

PMID- 3688645
TI  - Neutrophil chemotactic activity in acute severe asthma (status asthmaticus).
AB  - Serum neutrophil chemotactic activity (NCA) was measured in patients with acute
      severe asthma (status asthmaticus) and compared with that in control subjects
      (mild asthma, stable chronic irreversible air-flow obstruction, allergic
      rhinitis, noninfective lung conditions, or asymptomatic). There were 9 subjects
      in each group. Statistically significant elevations (p less than 0.002) in NCA
      were detected in acute severe asthma when compared with each control group.
      Serial measurements of NCA were subsequently undertaken in 12 patients with acute
      asthma, at the time of admission to hospital, after 3 days of treatment, and on
      discharge after approximately 7 days. A highly significant (p less than 0.001)
      reduction in serum NCA activity on Day 7 compared with that on Day 0 was
      observed, and this correlated inversely with the improvement in lung function
      (PEFR). Gel filtration by fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) using
      Superose 6 prep grade (6PG) indicated that NCA in acute severe asthma was
      heterogeneous and consisted of at least 4 peaks of activity associated with
      proteins with molecular weights of approximately 800, 600, 150, and less than 20
      kD. The 800- and 150-kD peaks were also observed in control subjects, but to a
      lesser degree. The 600- and less than 20-kD activities were virtually confined to
      the patients with acute severe asthma. FPLC chromatofocusing of the 600-MW peak
      from the acute asthmatics, using a Mono-P column and a pH gradient from 8.3 to
      5.0, revealed considerable activity in fractions eluting between pH 6.0 and 7.0,
      which was not observed in the normal control subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3688646
TI  - Quantitative deposition of aerosolized gentamicin in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - In cystic fibrosis (CF), the clinical effectiveness of aerosolized antibiotics is
      controversial. Previous investigators have not considered the type of nebulizer,
      droplet size, and dose to the lung in assessing the results of aerosol therapy.
      The present study tests the importance of these factors by standardizing an
      aerosol system for delivery of antibiotics and other agents to patients with CF.
      Particle size, distribution, and output from a commercially available nebulizer
      were measured. Thirteen patients with CF inhaled aerosol (MMAD = 1.1 micron)
      containing gentamicin (160 mg in nebulizer) and 99mTc-labeled human serum
      albumin. Patients' sputum and serum were analyzed for gentamicin levels by
      immunoenzymatic assay (Emit; Syva Corp., Palo Alto, CA). Using a gamma camera and
      suitable filters, central versus peripheral deposition (C/P ratio) and whole lung
      deposition were measured and related to sputum gentamicin levels. Gentamicin
      deposit averaged 12.3 mg +/- 5.9 (SD) or 7.69% of the original amount placed in
      the nebulizer. Peak sputum levels averaged 376.6 micrograms/ml +/- 275, whereas
      serum levels were undetectable in all patients. When peak sputum levels were
      normalized for the amount deposited, a close correlation with C/P ratio was
      obtained (r = 0.88, p less than 0.05). Furthermore, an inverse relationship was
      found between the C/P ratio and the %FEV1 (r = 0.76, p less than 0.05). Finally,
      a bell-shaped relationship between deposited dose and minute ventilation was seen
      in the patients (r = 0.88, p less than 0.05), i.e., an optimal minute ventilation
      was shown. These relationships may be important when designing future clinical
      studies.

PMID- 3688647
TI  - Effect of bronchial brush size on cell recovery.
AB  - The effect of bronchial brush size on cell recovery during fiberoptic
      bronchoscopy was investigated. In 20 patients undergoing diagnostic bronchoscopy,
      3 additional brushings in normal peripheral airways were performed using sheathed
      brushes of 1.0, 1.73, and 3.0 mm in diameter. Mean cell recovery was 5.7, 8.1,
      and 9.0 x 10(4) cells per brush, respectively. There were no significant
      differences in cell recovery between the 3 brushes. Brush size does not appear to
      significantly influence cell recovery in normal peripheral airways.

PMID- 3688648
TI  - Perilla ketone: a model of increased pulmonary microvascular permeability
      pulmonary edema in sheep.
AB  - A model of increased microvascular permeability pulmonary edema was developed in
      chronically instrumented unanesthetized sheep using perilla ketone (PK). PK did
      not cause changes in pulmonary hemodynamics but did cause marked increases in the
      flow of protein-rich lung lymph. The changes in lung lymph flow were accompanied
      by radiographic evidence of both interstitial and alveolar pulmonary edema as
      well as hypoxemia. PK did not cause acute changes in lung mechanics. Dynamic
      compliance of the lungs and FRC decreased later, concomitant with the changes in
      lung lymph flow, radiographic evidence for pulmonary edema, and hypoxemia.
      Resistance to air flow across the lungs and specific conductance did not change
      significantly after PK infusion. The severity of the radiographic evidence for
      pulmonary edema observed after PK correlated with the severity of the concomitant
      hypoxemia and changes in dynamic compliance of the lungs. PK did not cause
      increases in the concentrations of cyclooxygenase products of arachidonic acid in
      lung lymph or plasma or changes in blood leukocyte counts. We conclude that PK
      causes increased lung microvascular permeability pulmonary edema without acute
      changes in pulmonary hemodynamics. This model permits study of the
      pathophysiologic aspects of increased lung microvascular permeability without the
      concomitant functional alterations that complicate most other experimental models
      of diffuse lung injury.

PMID- 3688649
TI  - Late asthmatic response to Ascaris antigen challenge in dogs treated with
      metyrapone.
AB  - We developed an experimental dog preparation that shows a biphasic
      bronchoconstriction after allergen exposure. After anesthetization, the dogs were
      intubated with endotracheal tubes and manually ventilated. Respiratory resistance
      (Rrs) was measured by the forced oscillation method at 3 Hz. Ascaris suum,
      diluted from 10(-5) to 10(-2) of the extract, was inhaled during tidal breathing
      for 5 min. One hour before antigen challenge, 10 dogs received 70 mg/kg of
      metyrapone (cortisol synthesis inhibitor), and 2 h after antigen challenge 35
      mg/kg of metyrapone were injected intravenously. In another 10 dogs, metyrapone
      was not administered. After the maximal increase in Rrs had been assessed
      (immediate asthmatic response), Rrs increased again 4 to 6 h after antigen
      challenge in 8 of the 10 dogs treated with metyrapone (late asthmatic response,
      443 +/- 282% mean +/- SD of initial Rrs), which was significantly higher than Rrs
      6 h after antigen challenge (124 +/- 41%) in dogs without metyrapone (p less than
      0.01). In another 5 dogs, ragweed challenge with metyrapone caused no change in
      Rrs. Bronchoalveolar lavage at the time of the late response revealed a
      significant correlation between late asthmatic response and neutrophil
      accumulation (p less than 0.01) in all dogs. We conclude that cortisol depletion
      augments the occurrence of the late response. The present dog model may be a
      useful tool for study of the late response in bronchial asthma.

PMID- 3688650
TI  - Procoagulant activity in bronchoalveolar lavage in the adult respiratory distress
      syndrome. Contribution of tissue factor associated with factor VII.
AB  - Alveolar fibrin deposition commonly occurs in the lungs of patients with the
      adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from
      patients with ARDS, control patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD),
      congestive heart failure, or exposure to hyperoxia, and normal healthy subjects
      was studied to determine whether local alterations in procoagulant activity favor
      alveolar fibrin deposition in the lungs in ARDS. Procoagulant activity capable of
      shortening the recalcification time of plasma deficient in either factor VII or
      factor VIII was observed in unconcentrated BAL of all patients, but was
      significantly greater in BAL from patients with ARDS when compared with that of
      control subjects (p less than 0.001). Unconcentrated BAL from patients with ARDS
      shortened the recalcification time of plasma deficient in factor X, but no
      functional thrombin was detectable. BAL procoagulant from patients with ARDS was
      inhibited by concanavalin A, an inhibitor of tissue factor. The hydrolysis of
      purified human factor X by BAL from the ARDS and other patient groups was
      determined by measuring the amidolytic activity of generated factor Xa on its N
      benzoyl-L-isoleucyl-L-glutamyl-glycyl-L-arginine-p-nitroanilide substrate. The
      procoagulant activity of BAL was associated with the development of amidolytic
      activity, indicating activation of factor X. BAL from patients with ARDS
      contained more factor X activating activity than did BAL from control groups (p
      less than 0.001). This activity was calcium dependent and was maximal at 1 mM
      ionized calcium. The BAL factor X activating activity was most active at neutral
      pH and was sedimented by ultracentrifugation at 100,000 x g.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3688651
TI  - Endobronchial eosinophilic granuloma: a rare cause of total lung atelectasis.
AB  - A 12-yr-old male presented with left lung atelectasis secondary to a mainstem
      endobronchial mass. At thoracotomy, a left mainstem bronchial sleeve resection
      successfully extirpated what later proved to be an eosinophilic granuloma. This
      is the first case report, to our knowledge, of endobronchial eosinophilic
      granuloma.

PMID- 3688652
TI  - Diaphragm paralysis causing ventilatory failure in an adult with the rigid spine
      syndrome.
AB  - A syndrome consisting of a rigid spine and myopathy predominantly affecting
      proximal limb muscles has been previously described in children, and as with most
      neuromuscular disorders, the respiratory muscles appear to be affected only at an
      advanced stage in the disease. We describe an adult male with this syndrome who
      presented with ventilatory failure caused by severe respiratory muscle weakness
      and who demonstrated profound nocturnal arterial oxygen desaturation,
      particularly during rapid eye movement sleep. Treatment with negative pressure
      ventilation initially resulted in only modest improvements in symptoms, blood gas
      tensions, and nocturnal desaturation. The cause of this only partial improvement
      was upper airway obstruction provoked by the mode of ventilatory support used.
      After tracheostomy there was a dramatic and sustained improvement in symptoms and
      blood gas tensions and complete abolition of nocturnal arterial oxygen
      desaturation. This is the first report of an adult with the rigid spine syndrome
      presenting with ventilatory failure and cor pulmonale due to severe respiratory
      muscle weakness.

PMID- 3688653
TI  - A cautionary tale about investigations of the effect of the menstrual cycle on
      asthma.

PMID- 3688655
TI  - Concern about critical care boards.

PMID- 3688654
TI  - The diagnosis of nonmalignant diseases related to asbestos.

PMID- 3688656
TI  - Short-course chemotherapy of pulmonary tuberculosis: a new approach to drug
      dosage in the initial intensive phase.

PMID- 3688657
TI  - Management of common gynecologic problems encountered during abdominal
      exploration.
AB  - Although general surgeons receive little training in the management of
      gynecologic conditions, they should be able to make intraoperative decisions
      about unexpected gynecologic abnormalities encountered during abdominal
      exploration. This report examines the six most common gynecologic problems found
      during abdominal exploration (salpingitis, tubo-ovarian abscess, ectopic
      gestation, endometriosis, uterine mass, and ovarian mass) and reviews their
      proper management with particular emphasis on conserving reproductive function.

PMID- 3688658
TI  - A community hospital experience with total parathyroidectomy and
      autotransplantation for renal hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - This study was undertaken to determine the success of surgical treatment of
      advanced secondary (renal) hyperparathyroidism. From 1978 to 1985, total
      parathyroidectomy and autotransplantation (TPA) were performed for secondary
      hyperparathyroidism in 23 patients who had had dialysis for a mean of 6.5 years
      preoperatively. Indications for surgery included hypercalcemia, bone pain and
      pathologic fractures, metastatic calcification, and pruritus. Four glands were
      found and removed in all patients; 100-150 mg of diced tissue were
      autotransplanted to one forearm. Two patients died of myocardial infarction in
      the first postoperative week. Bone pain, present in 19 of 23 patients, was
      relieved almost immediately postoperatively and relief was sustained to death (of
      unrelated causes) or most recent follow-up in 13 patients. All fractures healed.
      All patients had markedly elevated serum parathormone (PTH) preoperatively and 14
      of 23 were hypercalcemic. The group mean values of serum calcium, alkaline
      phosphatase, and PTH all fell to and remained in a normal range by 1 year
      postoperatively in that subset of patients who did not suffer recurrence. Six
      patients were reoperated on after 12 to 37 months with partial graft excision for
      recurrent bone pain and hypercalcemia. Bone pain in two of these patients was due
      to aluminum-associated bone disease and the diagnosis of recurrent secondary
      hyperparathyroidism was erroneous. The actual recurrence rate was thus 19 per
      cent. Consistent technical success, with no late hypocalcemia, was achieved and
      most patients were restored to medical manageability.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3688659
TI  - Emergency and elective surgery in patients over age 70.
AB  - Emergency surgery in 100 patients over age 70 was associated with a 31 per cent
      morbidity and a 20 per cent mortality, significantly greater than the 6.8 per
      cent morbidity and 1.9 per cent mortality following elective procedures in the
      same age group (P less than .0005). Sixteen per cent (100 of 613) of all
      geriatric patients were operated on under emergent conditions and the
      postoperative hospitalization was often significantly prolonged when compared
      with similar elective operations (P less than .05). Emergency surgery was most
      commonly performed on the large bowel (25%), abdominal wall (17%), stomach (17%),
      biliary tract (11%), and small bowel (10%). Inguinal herniorraphy was the most
      frequently performed elective procedure (33%), followed by colon resection (25%),
      and cholecystectomy (12%). Fifty-nine per cent (23 of 39) of complications
      associated with urgent operation and 39 per cent (16 of 41) following elective
      surgery involved the cardiorespiratory systems and were frequently related to
      underlying diseases. Of the 20 patients who died in the intensive care unit of
      multisystem failure, 16 had undergone emergency procedures. Elective surgery in
      the elderly may be performed safely; however, emergency surgery entails a high
      risk to the patient and a high cost in hospital resources.

PMID- 3688660
TI  - Efficacy of anomalous pancreatic drainage in choledochal cysts correlates with
      age of presentation and suggests etiology.
AB  - The etiology and pathogenesis of choledochal cysts, although frequently debated,
      are as yet unknown. Findings in three recent patients suggest a possible etiology
      that may also explain the variability in age at presentation. Each of these
      patients (ages 12 months, four years, and ten years) was found to have an Alonso
      Lej Type I cyst and at operation had an absence of the distal intraduodenal
      common bile duct, suggesting the lack of a common channel with the main
      pancreatic duct. Partial decompression of the anatomically obstructed bile duct
      was afforded by an anomalously high insertion of the accessory pancreatic duct
      and communication with the duodenum by way of the main pancreatic duct. All
      patients were managed by excision and retrocolic choledochojejunostomy. The
      efficacy of decompression correlated with the age of presentation and size of the
      cyst. These findings suggest agenesis-atresia of the distal common bile duct as
      one possible etiology of choledochal cysts and may explain the variable age at
      presentation.

PMID- 3688661
TI  - Chemical burns. A ten-year experience.
AB  - A ten-year experience with 83 chemical burns is reported. With the exception of
      phenol burns and lithium burns, immediate copious water irrigation is recommended
      at the scene of the injury. Specific additional measures for certain chemicals
      are discussed.

PMID- 3688663
TI  - A new technique for wrapping the injured spleen with polyglactin mesh.
AB  - The introduction of absorbable polyglycolic or polyglactin mesh has added a new
      dimension to splenic repair. Three patients with splenic disruption caused by
      blunt abdominal trauma underwent splenic wrapping with polyglactin mesh at the
      University of Virginia. The technique is described in detail. In all three
      instances, the spleen was saved, and postoperative nuclear medicine scans
      confirmed continued splenic function.

PMID- 3688662
TI  - Choledochoduodenostomy for benign biliary tract disease in the elderly.
AB  - Endoscopic sphincterotomy is an available nonoperative alternative treatment for
      recurrent or residual common bile duct stones. Nevertheless, immediate,
      intraoperative and definitive treatment is needed in patients with common duct
      stones and other pathologies that are prone to develop into such complications,
      which is important especially in aged high-risk patients during recurrent
      operations and nonoperative instrumental interventions. To evaluate the safety of
      choledochoduodenostomy in elderly patients, we reviewed our experience with 55
      patients over the age of 70 years with benign biliary tract diseases. Even though
      the majority of patients (69%) had obstructive jaundice and were operated on
      urgently, there was one death (1.8%) due to cardiac failure, and nine (16.3%)
      early postoperative complications including subphrenic abscess, disruption of
      wound and pneumonia (one case of each), wound infection (three cases) and urinary
      tract infections (three cases). There were no complications related to the
      procedure itself. In a follow-up period of one to 12 years, neither cholangitis
      nor sump syndrome were documented.

PMID- 3688664
TI  - Congenital absence of the left coronary artery.
AB  - Congenital absence of the left coronary artery system and the prevalence of a
      single right coronary artery to supply the heart is a rare anomaly. There is not
      yet enough data to determine its importance because only a few have been found in
      living patients. This is just such a case, diagnosed premortem in an otherwise
      healthy coronary system with no other physical abnormalities.

PMID- 3688665
TI  - Iliac vein bypass with autogenous saphenous vein for iliac vein compression
      syndrome.
AB  - A case of chronic obstruction of the left iliac vein is presented. The patient
      had failed conservative management. Surgical reconstruction was performed using
      autogenous saphenous vein. The patient has done well; results of a venogram at
      six months postoperatively indicate the graft is still patent.

PMID- 3688666
TI  - Emergency gastroduodenal-renal artery bypass. An extra-anatomic approach for
      salvage of the solitary kidney.
AB  - A 68-year-old woman had acute anuric renal failure and congestive heart failure.
      Angiography demonstrated occlusion of the renal artery to the known solitary
      right kidney and severely ulcerative aortic arteriosclerosis. She underwent an
      emergency gastroduodenal-renal artery saphenous vein bypass graft with almost
      immediate restoration of urine output and eventual dramatic improvement in renal
      function. She remains well two years postoperatively. This is the first report of
      gastroduodenal-renal bypass performed in the emergency setting for salvage of a
      solitary kidney.

PMID- 3688667
TI  - [2d annual meeting of the Pediatric Ambulatory Care Section of the A.E.P.(Spanish
      Association of Pediatrics). Barcelona, 29-31 October 1987].

PMID- 3688668
TI  - [Round table. Health surveillance: regimens of preventive pediatrics at various
      ages].

PMID- 3688669
TI  - [Round table. Recurrent disorders of the lower respiratory tract. Defense
      mechanisms of the respiratory tract].

PMID- 3688670
TI  - [Round table. Outpatient pediatrics and hospital correlation].

PMID- 3688671
TI  - [The pediatrician, the ideal specialist for the adolescent].

PMID- 3688672
TI  - Pulse methotrexate therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. A controlled prospective
      roentgenographic study.
AB  - STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess whether weekly pulse methotrexate therapy alters
      radiographic progression of joint disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
      DESIGN: Prospective, controlled study. Hand, wrist and foot roentgenograms
      obtained before, at the onset of, and during methotrexate treatment were scored
      for degree of joint-space narrowing and erosions by three rheumatologists using a
      standard method. PATIENTS: Sequential sample of 24 patients with active definite
      or classical rheumatoid arthritis and previous unsuccessful treatment; of these,
      3 were excluded due to drug ineffectiveness; 2, due to side effects; and 1, due
      to refusal to take methotrexate. INTERVENTIONS: Treatment with nonsteroidal anti
      inflammatory drugs and prednisone was continued. Methotrexate was given weekly to
      control clinical evidence of disease in patients. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
      After having had an average of 30 months of therapy, the 18 patients who
      continued to receive methotrexate therapy showed significant (p less than 0.05)
      clinical improvement, as evidenced by their decreased joint counts and joint
      scores, duration of morning stiffness, pain scales, and sedimentation rates.
      Despite patients' prolonged clinical improvement, the mean rate of development of
      erosions and joint-space narrowing during methotrexate therapy was not
      significantly different from the rate of radiographic progression before
      methotrexate therapy (0.043 compared with 0.041; p greater than 0.05).
      CONCLUSIONS: Weekly pulse methotrexate is effective for the long-term management
      of clinical disease activity in patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis but
      may not be a disease-modifying agent by roentgenographic criteria.

PMID- 3688673
TI  - A program for transtracheal oxygen delivery. Assessment of safety and efficacy.
AB  - Over a 2-year period, the safety and efficacy of a program specifically designed
      for transtracheal oxygen therapy were evaluated in 100 patients with chronic
      hypoxemia. The four clinically defined phases of the program included patient
      orientation, evaluation, and selection (phase I); a new needle-wire guide-dilator
      transtracheal procedure and stent week (phase II); transtracheal oxygen delivery
      with an immature tract (phase III); and transtracheal oxygen delivery with a
      mature tract (phase IV). Sequelae and complications were minor, and patient
      acceptance was high. As compared with the nasal cannula, the transtracheal
      catheter was associated with a significant reduction in oxygen flow requirement
      during both rest and exercise. Adequate oxygenation was maintained over time, and
      erythrocythemia was alleviated with transtracheal delivery. We conclude that
      transtracheal oxygenation by this method has a low, acceptable morbidity; it is
      more efficient than nasal cannula delivery and may be more effective in some
      patients.

PMID- 3688674
TI  - Sexual activity, contraceptive use, and other risk factors for symptomatic and
      asymptomatic bacteriuria. A case-control study.
AB  - In a study to determine the risk factors for urinary tract infection in college
      aged women, women who presented with acute urinary tract infection to the student
      health service were compared to women without bacteriuria who presented with
      complaints of other acute illnesses. Among women who were sexually active, the
      following multivariate adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were
      found; intercourse in the previous 48 hours, 58.1 (11.9 to 284.1); intercourse
      only in the previous 3 to 7 days, 9.1 (1.9 to 44.1); diaphragm use in the
      previous 48 hours, 8.4 (3.4 to 21.1); urination after intercourse, 0.5 (0.3 to
      0.9); and past history of urinary tract infection, 2.7 (1.5 to 5.0). Several
      other factors previously postulated to be related to urinary tract infection were
      found not to be associated, including oral contraceptive use, tampon use, and
      direction of wiping after a bowel movement. When the women with symptomatic
      bacteriuria were compared to women with asymptomatic bacteriuria, the results
      were similar, except diaphragm use and urination after intercourse were no longer
      associated with urinary tract infection. When the women with asymptomatic
      bacteriuria were compared to women without symptoms and without bacteriuria,
      diaphragm use remained the only statistically significant risk factor. These
      findings should be taken into account in attempts to prevent urinary tract
      infection, as well as in subsequent studies of this disease.

PMID- 3688675
TI  - Evidence for early central nervous system involvement in the acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and other human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
      infections. Studies with neuropsychologic testing and magnetic resonance imaging.
AB  - Although a high prevalence of central nervous system disease is seen in persons
      with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the natural history of brain
      involvement with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains poorly understood.
      Neuropsychologic evaluations of 55 ambulatory homosexual men revealed
      abnormalities in 13 of 15 with AIDS, 7 of 13 [corrected] with AIDS-related
      complex, 7 of 16 [corrected] with HIV-seropositivity only, and 1 of 11 with HIV
      seronegativity. Common neuropsychologic problems included impaired abstracting
      ability, learning difficulties, and slowed speed of information processing.
      Magnetic resonance imaging had abnormal findings in 9 of 13 patients with AIDS
      and 5 of 10 patients with AIDS-related complex who were available for scans. The
      commonest abnormalities were sulcal and ventricular enlargement and bilateral
      patchy areas of high signal intensity in the white matter. We postulate that
      central nervous system involvement by HIV may begin early in the course of AIDS
      and cause mild cognitive deficits in otherwise asymptomatic persons.

PMID- 3688676
TI  - The significance of the tuberculin skin test in elderly persons.
AB  - Study of 49,467 persons over age 50 in Arkansas nursing homes afforded insight
      into the significance of the tuberculin skin test in the elderly. Whereas only
      15% to 20% of persons showed a significant (10 mm or more) reaction to tuberculin
      on admission, 2% to 3% of these developed tuberculosis. Persons having no
      reactions comprised two subsets: a small group who died at an increased rate and
      were probably anergic, and a larger group who survived as well as persons who had
      reactions. Minor increases in reaction size with repeated testing appeared to be
      due to immunologic recall. However, conversions of 12 mm or more from a
      documented negative result indicated spread of infection. When not treated
      preventively, 7.6% (women) to 12.7% (men) of definite converters developed
      tuberculosis. The increase in number of persons showing positive reactions after
      entry may have been due to rapid demise of the anergic subset, improvement in
      nutrition of survivors, or unsuspected spread of tuberculous infection.

PMID- 3688677
TI  - Benefit-risk considerations in preventive treatment for tuberculosis in elderly
      persons.
AB  - Of 2135 elderly residents of nursing homes in Arkansas (mean age, 79.4 years) who
      have been treated with isoniazid for prevention of tuberculosis, data from 1935
      were suitable for analysis. About 12 months of therapy was successfully completed
      in 1600 persons. Therapy could not be completed in 84 persons (4.4%) because of
      incipient hepatic toxicity and in 116 (6.0%) because of other types of drug
      intolerance. Although 135 persons (7.0%) died during the course of therapy, no
      evidence was found that isoniazid contributed to any death. The ratio of benefit
      (reduction of risk for tuberculosis) to risk (for nonfatal isoniazid-related
      hepatitis) was clearly favorable in persons who had definite conversions (1.6 for
      women, 3.4 for men) but less so for persons who had tuberculin reactions of
      unknown duration and for persons with minor increases in size of tuberculin
      reaction (less than 12 mm increase from an initially negative reaction).

PMID- 3688678
TI  - Cholera after the consumption of raw oysters. A case report.
AB  - In August 1986, a 76-year-old woman in Miami, Florida, developed profuse watery
      diarrhea and abdominal cramps. Two and four days before the onset of her illness,
      she had eaten six raw oysters at each of two restaurants in Miami. A stool
      specimen yielded toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor, serotype Inaba. The
      results of toxin gene probing of the organism recovered from the patient differed
      significantly from those of other V. cholerae O1 isolates from the Gulf Coast and
      elsewhere in the world. A program of active surveillance identified no other
      cases of cholera in Miami. The source of the raw oysters eaten by the patient was
      traced to Louisiana. Her case represents the first reported case of cholera
      associated with eating raw oysters.

PMID- 3688679
TI  - Acute infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) associated with acute
      brachial neuritis and exanthematous rash.
AB  - Clinical descriptions of acute or primary infection with the human
      immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are rare. Among cases previously reported, most
      describe an acute illness resembling infectious mononucleosis. We describe the
      case of a 32-year-old homosexual man with an acute illness associated with strong
      serologic evidence of a primary infection with HIV. This case illustrates two new
      clinical features: an acute, bilateral brachial neuritis, and a vesicular,
      pustular exanthematous and enanthematous rash. Studies of HIV-related serologic
      results show differential sensitivities for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,
      Western blot, immunofluorescence, and viral antigen techniques in the acute phase
      of HIV infection. There appears to be significant clinical heterogeneity of the
      acute phase of HIV infection.

PMID- 3688680
TI  - Graves disease induced by radioactive iodine.

PMID- 3688681
TI  - What is the cost of nephrotoxicity associated with aminoglycosides?
AB  - We measured the economic impact of aminoglycoside-associated nephrotoxicity in a
      nested case-control study at six Philadelphia area hospitals. From the charts of
      1756 patients who received aminoglycosides and met entry criteria, we collected
      data on patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and resource utilization
      for all patients with nephrotoxicity and for a sample of patients without
      nephrotoxicity. Of the 1756 patients, 129 (7.3%) developed aminoglycoside
      associated nephrotoxicity. The component costs of nephrotoxicity were calculated
      by hospital accounting methods; room and board costs were enumerated with per
      diem rates. The additional cost of hospital ancillary services per case of
      nephrotoxicity was $446 (p less than 0.001); the additional cost of hospital stay
      was $825 for additional routine days (2.74 days) (p less than 0.02) and $1152 for
      intensive care days (1.50 days) (p less than 0.01). Additional consultations were
      $78 per patient. Therefore, the mean total additional cost of aminoglycoside
      associated nephrotoxicity was $2501. The average additional cost per patient
      receiving aminoglycosides was $183.

PMID- 3688682
TI  - A method of self-directed learning in continuing medical education with
      implications for recertification.
AB  - A method of self-directed learning for physicians that can be used to satisfy a
      portion of specialty board recertification requirements integrates contract
      learning (self-formulated learning plans), information brokering (linking
      physicians with consultants and community resources), and collegial networking
      (discussion groups). The method encourages physicians to focus on educational
      objectives, supplies learning resources, and promotes interactions with
      colleagues in study groups. Fifty-nine (53%) of the 102 learning goals update
      physicians' knowledge. Print sources and discussions with experts were the
      commonest resources used. Forty-five (49%) of 91 participants completed their
      learning plans. Forty-nine (74%) completed projects were judged successful in
      achieving their goals. Twenty-five (45%) of 56 physicians responding to a
      questionnaire stated that the method was superior to traditional continuing
      medical education. Fifty-two percent of the participants found the method as
      effective as traditional continuing medical education. Proof of accomplishment
      allows the method to be used as part of a specialty board recertification
      process.

PMID- 3688683
TI  - New Jersey's right-to-die cases: round three.

PMID- 3688684
TI  - Clinical competence in diagnostic esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Health and Public
      Policy Committee, American College of Physicians.

PMID- 3688685
TI  - Complications of cocaine abuse.

PMID- 3688686
TI  - Dopamine and polyuria.

PMID- 3688687
TI  - Rheumatoid arthritis and fish oil.

PMID- 3688688
TI  - Anticardiolipin antibody quantitation.

PMID- 3688689
TI  - Asymptomatic gallstones in diabetic persons.

PMID- 3688690
TI  - Parathyroid angiography.

PMID- 3688691
TI  - The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related complex (ARC) in a child of drug
      addicted parents.

PMID- 3688692
TI  - Babesiosis and infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

PMID- 3688693
TI  - Alanine aminotransferase levels in blood donors.

PMID- 3688694
TI  - Lymphomatoid granulomatosis and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

PMID- 3688695
TI  - Cyclosporine and myopathy.

PMID- 3688696
TI  - Dictating machines as data recorders.

PMID- 3688697
TI  - [Various aspects of cognitive activities of schizophrenics. III. Maladjustment
      assimilation/accommodation and generalization of reasoning].
AB  - Paranoid schizophrenics are unable to balance affirmation and negation. Using the
      terms of Jean Piaget, they therefore only partially achieve the "equilibrations
      majorantes" of level II and never those of level III. In their thinking, they
      have access to the "generalisations inductives" (often excessive ones), but
      rarely to the "generalisations constructives completives". They do not have
      access to the "generalisations synthetisantes" or to the feeling that logic is
      necessary. They oscillate between the positivist need to measure or verify and
      absolute beliefs issued from magical thinking.

PMID- 3688698
TI  - [Impact of the pre- or perimenstrual period and syndrome on suicidal behavior.
      Survey of 127 women who attempted suicide].

PMID- 3688699
TI  - [Carbamazepine in monotherapy in manic states; a series of 15 patients].

PMID- 3688700
TI  - [The time of life--observations apropos the psychopathological mechanisms of
      involution].

PMID- 3688701
TI  - [Availability and admission of adolescents: apropos of an experience in
      adolescent psychiatry: admission of 83 patients].

PMID- 3688702
TI  - [Severe mental disorders and the problem of hospitalization].
AB  - The problem of the hospitalization of patients with severe mental disorders. In
      relating three clinical cases, the author's purpose is to show that sometimes an
      hospitalization of long duration is necessary and that the psychiatrist has to be
      able to assume that decision for the patient's sake. In the first two cases,
      suicide was the issue, each time after a too-short period of hospitalization,
      given the antecedents in the first case, and in the second, not allowing that an
      efficient treatment be set up and accepted. The third case shows how a
      sufficiently long hospitalization (about 2 months) could enable the setting of a
      long-duration treatment which led to a sensible improvement of the patient's
      state.

PMID- 3688703
TI  - [Ethnopsychiatry. The guardians of culture. Effects of geographic migration in
      late adulthood].
AB  - If one considers going through life as a temporal migration, one can observe that
      passing from one stage of life to the other is marked by certain rites (rites of
      passage or transition). The act of retirement is such a rite. This event involves
      individual and collective role changes (losses and gains). Within the context of
      stress produced at that particular time of temporal migration, the author
      examines the effects of physical (spatial) migration. Four cases are presented to
      illustrate this kind of situation. They are separated into two groups:
      multigenerational migration with and without the participation of aged parents.
      The use of an ethnological model--the concept of "Guardians of Culture"--allows
      for the study of the problem from the point of view of a reassessment of self in
      terms of a cultural role. This ethnopsychiatric approach attempts to assume a
      preventive role in that it deals with the detection of early signs of stress
      which could have serious repercussions on the health of the elderly population.

PMID- 3688704
TI  - [Observations on the new internal regulations on wards for difficult patients
      (decreed 14 October 1986)].

PMID- 3688705
TI  - [Expert systems in psychiatry: current nosographic orientation].

PMID- 3688706
TI  - [Value of modeling of the clinical process in psychiatric research].

PMID- 3688708
TI  - [Comparison of awake electroencephalography tracings of alcoholics and heroin
      addicts. Study of 2 groups of 70 and 51 patients].

PMID- 3688707
TI  - [One-time consultants and consultants during 10 years in the Necker psychiatric
      service].

PMID- 3688709
TI  - Towards a biological monitoring strategy for toluene.

PMID- 3688710
TI  - Relationships between the concentrations of mercury in air and in blood or urine
      in workers exposed to mercury vapour.

PMID- 3688711
TI  - A new generation of light-scattering instruments for respirable dust measurement.

PMID- 3688712
TI  - Mass concentration of airborne man-made mineral fibres.

PMID- 3688713
TI  - Evaluation of the K2 asbestos screening test kit.

PMID- 3688714
TI  - Efficiency of conventional gloves against vibration.

PMID- 3688715
TI  - The relative sensitivity of the human eye and lung to irritant gases.

PMID- 3688716
TI  - Hexavalent chromium in welding fume and the role of ozone.

PMID- 3688717
TI  - Subjective ophthalmoscopy.

PMID- 3688718
TI  - Update on screening for glaucoma.

PMID- 3688719
TI  - Ankyloblepharon associated with systemic 5-fluorouracil treatment.
AB  - A 59-year-old man undergoing systemic 5-fluorouracil treatment for metastatic
      adenocarcinoma of the stomach developed ocular lesions consisting of bilateral
      conjunctival ulcers and ulcerative blepharitis leading to ankyloblepharon.
      Ophthalmologists should be cognizant of potential ocular side effects of
      chemotherapy, in order to institute appropriate changes in treatment.

PMID- 3688720
TI  - Rieger's anomaly associated with Marfan's syndrome.
AB  - A 7 1/2-year-old girl was found to have clinical evidence of Marfan's syndrome
      associated with abnormalities of the anterior segment, including a prominent,
      anteriorly displaced Schwalbe's line with iris attachments and iris hypoplasia.
      The unusual association of Marfan's syndrome and Rieger's anomaly is discussed.

PMID- 3688721
TI  - Appearance of polychromic endothelial pigment.
AB  - Multicolored corneal endothelial pigment was noted in patients on routine
      specular microscopy, confirming the presence of chromatic pigment deposits at the
      corneal endothelium. These deposits were polychromic, exhibiting blue, green,
      red, pink, orange, gold, and yellow colors. These pigment deposits were of
      different sizes and shapes and often seemed to surround darkened cells or
      clusters of cells. The variations in color may be the result of differing
      concentrations of melanin in iris or other pigmented cells that adhere to the
      posterior surface of the corneal endothelium. To our knowledge, this is the first
      report of the observation of polychromic endothelial pigment. We encourage the
      use of color film for specular microscopy to help detect and identify this
      pigment further.

PMID- 3688722
TI  - A model intraocular lens.
AB  - With so many different kinds of intraocular lenses from which to choose, the
      cataract surgeon is often faced with a difficult decision--which is the best lens
      for the patient. Although, there is no perfect intraocular lens, we attempt to
      delineate several desirable features. These include pliability, inert ultraviolet
      filtering lens material, compact design, and posterior concavity to facilitate
      laser surgery. Successful blending of these features can make a well-tolerated
      intraocular lens.

PMID- 3688723
TI  - Abnormal ocular head postures: Part II.
AB  - All patients exhibiting the various types of abnormal head postures of ocular
      origin that were seen during the last two years are presented in order to
      determine the relative frequency of the different causes of these postures, and
      the purposes they serve. The treatment modality and results are also discussed.
      The manuscript is divided into four parts: Parts I, II, and III concern head
      postures in incomitant strabismus. In Part IV, head postures in Ciancia's
      syndrome, restrictions, and refractive errors are described.

PMID- 3688724
TI  - [Recent changes in the field of therapeutic abortion: statistical data,
      observations, perspectives].

PMID- 3688725
TI  - [Mineral bone metabolism in primary amenorrhea].

PMID- 3688726
TI  - [The Stresscath test in the diagnosis of urinary incontinence caused by
      incompetence of the bladder neck].

PMID- 3688727
TI  - [Our experience in the treatment of vesicovaginal fistula following gynecological
      surgery].

PMID- 3688728
TI  - [Venous and meningeal prolapse during enlarged trans-labyrinth approach].
AB  - One hundred consecutive operations using the enlarged trans-labyrinthic (ETL)
      approach for acoustic neurinoma performed by the same surgeon were analyzed to
      determine incidence of venous and/or meningeal prolapses. Findings showed that
      ETL approaches were normal in 51 cases : normal superficial sinusodural space-
      external auditory canal and on deep dissection a superior petrous sinus and
      jugular space separated from the internal auditory canal. Prolapse was observed
      in 49 approaches : 30 very narrow sinusodural spaces due usually to temporal
      meninges prolapse (76%) associated in 25% of cases with a prolapse of lateral
      sinus; 29 prolapses of jugular space and 10 of superior petrous sinus, detected
      mainly in the narrow sinusodural spaces. In these cases, superficial displacement
      of the temporal meninges and lateral sinus appears indispensable in order to
      recover normal operating conditions towards the labyrinth and pontocerebellar
      angle.

PMID- 3688729
TI  - [Surgery of functional disorders of the pharyngoesophageal sphincter. Value and
      contribution of cricopharyngeal myotomy].
AB  - A series of 11 patients with severe functional disorders of superior sphincter of
      esophagus were treated by section of cricopharyngeal muscle. Indications for the
      operation are based mainly on clinical data, assisted by results of different
      examinations (endoscopy, manometry, radiocinema), and it could find a very wide
      field of application.

PMID- 3688730
TI  - [Nasal reconstruction using the Converse frontal flap or a Washio retroauricular
      flap. Technical notes].
AB  - 14 cases of nasal reconstruction by the Converse Scalping Flap or the Washio
      Temporo-auricular flap technique, over three years, led us to point out details
      necessary to insure the quality of the results. In particular, the Converse Flap
      must be thin; it never needs bone neither cartilage reinforcement when used in
      reconstructions of the two inferior third of the nose. The pedicle weaning method
      described allows the replacement of the scalp on thirteenth day. New data for the
      Washio technique are as following: --The mastoidian skin and not the retro
      auricular skin must be used; --The back-cut of the scalp follows the AC line
      dating from three fixed points: A = helix root B = end of incision on the frontal
      hairline vertically to the fronto-orbital suture, and AB = AC = BC. This new data
      seem to warrant the fiability of the Washio flap, however the latter cannot
      dethrone the Converse flap, king flap of medio-facial reconstructions.

PMID- 3688732
TI  - [Surgical treatment of snoring: principle and technic].
AB  - Surgical treatment of snoring requires suppression both of the obstacle
      responsible for the nocturnal respiratory noise but also of the chronic hypoxia
      on which the sleep of these patients is grafted. The soft palate and its
      appendages (uvula and tonsillar pillars) are always involved. Precise definition
      of extent of palatal resection ensures success of operation and avoidance of
      nasal regurgitation of food or rhinolalia postoperatively. Nasal ventilation must
      be normal; a septoplasty is sometimes unavoidable and postoperative medical
      treatment of rhinitis necessary. The pharyngeal lumen must be as wide as possible
      and tonsillectomy is sometimes required. Indications for these three stages :
      palatal, nasal and pharyngeal are described, omitting details of maxillary
      osteotomies capable of improving certain major retrognathies since these are only
      exceptionally indicated. Details of anesthetic requirements are emphasized and
      results obtained described.

PMID- 3688731
TI  - [Chronic rhonchopathy or snoring. Clinical aspects and therapeutic indications].
AB  - Results of several surveys of variable complexity have provided confirmation that
      snoring is not only an overall sleep preventer but is mainly an unrecognized
      asphyxia. Comparison of groups of snorers and non-snorers, and evaluation of
      biologic and functional improvement following surgical treatment of snoring, have
      shown that this chronic nocturnal hypoxia is, with the snoring as such, the
      essential feature of a well individualized new disease for which the term chronic
      rhonchopathy is proposed. This affection is composed of different clinical
      aspects of several syndromes, notably the Pickwickian and sleep apnea syndromes.
      However, a latent form also exists in which snoring is the only symptom, as well
      as a decompensated form with multiple signs related to the underlying condition.
      Improvement follows suppression of the respiratory obstacle provoking snoring.
      The most frequent of these signs is drowsiness, particularly when driving, and is
      the one with the heaviest social consequences.

PMID- 3688733
TI  - [Blast injuries of the ear. Current status and study of 200 cases].
AB  - Clinical case-reports of 200 patients with blast-induced lesions are used as a
      basis for a review of physical and physiopathologic factors. Otologic aspects of
      injuries due to high-intensity shock waves are discussed and clinical and
      histopathologic features described. The place of post-traumatic pressure induced
      injuries to ear in catastrophy medicine is emphasized.

PMID- 3688734
TI  - [Lightning injury of the ear].
AB  - Three cases of auricular fulguration are described and used as a basis for a
      review of physical characteristics and histopathologic consequences of lightning
      strikes. Cases are presented and discussed in relation to these fundamental and
      experimental data.

PMID- 3688735
TI  - [Survey on the harmfulness of listening to music with headphones].
AB  - A survey conducted in 52,000 young male subjects evaluated the influence of
      listening to music with stereophonic headphones on perception hypacusis leading
      to exemption from National Service. Also investigated were noise level output
      from promenaders as well as temporary auditory loss two minutes after listening
      for one hour. Findings suggested relative innocuity of listening at moderate
      intensity for less than seven hours weekly. Users exceeding these optimal factors
      develop professional type deafness for which similar preventive measures are
      required. Particular mention is made of the effect of strolling listeners on
      vigilance and on sound pollution of industrialized countries.

PMID- 3688736
TI  - [Otologic complications of water beds].
AB  - Since the introduction of the use of water beds several cases of ear infections
      have been observed. These are due to the escape of microspheres and the
      prevention of these manifestations requires strict manipulation of these beds.

PMID- 3688737
TI  - [Critical study and role of partial vertical reconstructive laryngectomies with
      epiglottoplasty by the Tucker method. Apropos of 18 cases].
AB  - Two groups could be distinguished in a series of 18 patients with glottic
      lesions: one with pure glottic tumors (12 cases) and the other with tumors
      extending beyond the glottic region (6 cases). All patients but one were operated
      upon by first intention for epidermoid carcinoma, but also for associated
      pronounced dysplasia. The so-called Tucker technique was used with slight
      modifications (less extensive resection of thyroid cartilage, conservation of the
      two arytenoid cartilages). The postoperative course was satisfactory with
      decanulation and ablation on the 13th day, and a mean hospital stay of 22 days.
      Two postoperative deaths due to vascular complications occurred and one patient
      developed a swinging epiglottis after 2 years. The remaining 16 patients are all
      alive, including 8 after less than 3 years. Analogous results were noted in an
      analysis of a total of 93 case-reports from 5 different series of patients. This
      method provides an elegant and satisfactory repair of pure cordal surgery, but
      adds nothing from the oncologic point of view since other better adapted and
      currently well defined operations have to be envisaged for lesions extending
      beyond this region.

PMID- 3688738
TI  - [Primary transmaxillary buccopharyngectomy and recovery transmaxillary
      buccopharyngectomy in giant cancers of the tonsilar region. Apropos of 120
      cases].
AB  - Based on a series of 120 patients treated by trans-maxillary buccopharyngectomy
      for tumors (mainly T3, T4) of the tonsillar region, results are compared of
      primary and recovery surgery, the latter being instituted from 1981 because of
      the rapid strides made in new reconstructive procedures. This development
      markedly modified therapeutic indications, with substitution of radiotherapy as
      primary treatment. After primary surgery, the 3- and 5-year survival rates were
      globally 59 and 49% respectively. The usual prognostic factors emphasized, size
      of tumor and glandular involvement, were verified. Results of recovery surgery
      were less good, 39% survival at 3 years, for two main reasons: a higher level of
      lack of local control (34%) than that of primary surgery (14%) and a maintained
      elevated postoperative mortality. These findings indicate that the initial hope
      that the use of LMC would raise this surgery to the level of the performance of
      primary surgery has not been fully confirmed. Finally, analysis of all groups in
      this series demonstrates that prognosis is worse as the involvement of base of
      tongue increases.

PMID- 3688739
TI  - [Recovery surgery in cancer of the tongue. Apropos of 101 cases].
AB  - Results of 101 salvage glossectomies, after unsuccessful treatment of cancer of
      tongue by radiotherapy, showed a 3-year survival of 39% and a 5-year of 31%.
      Carcinologic failures represented 81% of causes of death: 17% due to distant
      metastases, 6% to a second focus and principally 32% to local recurrence. Local
      recurrence varied as a function of tumor size but also of site and type of
      surgical treatment. Tumors of the mobile tongue have a relatively good prognosis,
      even when the total organ is involved, with attachment to floor of mouth if an
      anterior transverse glossectomy is performed. Inversely, lateralized tumors
      spreading to base and to the mobile tongue treated by partial longitudinal
      glossectomy tend to have a high frequency of failure of local therapy, probably
      partly avoidable by wider excision. These same local failures of treatment are
      the cause of the worsening prognosis after total glossectomy in patients who had
      been poorly selected perhaps and presented extralingual spread not controlled by
      surgery. Finally, the authors emphasize the need for a collaboration of the
      patient in the choice of therapy, which involves surgery with functional sequelae
      that risk to be extremely heavy.

PMID- 3688740
TI  - [Combined ORL and neurosurgical approach in adenocarcinoma of the ethmoid.
      Preliminary results apropos of 15 cases].
AB  - Fifteen cases of adenocarcinoma of the ethmoid sinus treated by a combined
      subfrontal and transfacial approach after induction chemotherapy are reported.
      The surgical technique is described precisely including a paralateronasal
      approach combined with a bifrontocoronal incision, a bilateral ethmoidectomy and
      reconstruction of the anterior base of the skull by one sheets taken-out from the
      inner surface of the frontal flap or more recently madreporic coralline grafts;
      the dura is hermetically sealed and it is lined with a large galea flap. Results
      were as following: one post-operative death, no clinical rhinorrhea, no
      recurrence from the anterior cerebral fossa, one orbital and one sphenoidal
      recurrences. Surgical indications are discussed according to the different
      extensions of the tumor and a frontal lobe extension is not a contraindication.
      This surgical procedure should be employed for the adenocarcinomas of the ethmoid
      invading the superior cells even in the absence of lysis of the cribriform plate
      in order to avoid the endocranial recurrences.

PMID- 3688741
TI  - [Oto-acoustic emissions. I. Evoked oto-emissions: a new technic of functional
      study of the cochlea].
AB  - Otoacoustic emissions (OAE) are sounds emitted by the cochlea and recordable in
      the external ear canal by a miniature microphone. These OAE reflect the existence
      of an active mechanism within the cochlea, probably based upon outer hair cells
      (OHC). Recordings of OAE are easy, noninvasive, objective and permit the
      exploration of an essential property of the cochlea which was impossible to study
      by the usual electrophysiological techniques. Clinical applications are discussed
      in this paper.

PMID- 3688742
TI  - [Oto-acoustic emissions. II. Spontaneous oto-emissions: results in normal
      subjects or patients with tinnitus].
AB  - Sounds can be emitted by the cochlea in the absence of any stimulation. This
      phenomenon is called spontaneous oto-acoustic emissions (SOAEs) and they can be
      recorded in the external auditory canal using a sensitive microphone. This
      phenomenon seems to be due to an abnormality of the active cochlear mechanisms.
      SOAEs have been studied in 140 human subjects, 140 of them suffering with
      tinnitus, while 80 were used as the control group. SOAEs have been studied as a
      function of age, and of the audiometric state. Possible relationships between
      SOAEs and tinnitus have also been studied. This study shows the interest of
      recording SOAEs for an early diagnosis of cochlear dysfunction. It also shows
      that there is no clear correlation between tinnitus and SOAEs.

PMID- 3688743
TI  - [Severe nasosinus aspergillosis in immunosuppressed patients. Apropos of 3
      cases].
AB  - Nasosinusal lesions due to Aspergillus rarely occur during immunosuppressive
      chemotherapy, but are extremely grave, and often fatal due to the extensive
      necrotizing mucoperiostitis of facial bones provoked under these conditions.
      Three cases are reported, with recovery in one case only, after exenteration of
      orbit and denudation of dura mater in orbital roof.

PMID- 3688744
TI  - [Are auditory prostheses a contraindication to magnetic resonance imaging?].
AB  - Prior to the use of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI) in patients with
      metallic ossicular prostheses their compatibility must be investigated with the
      intense magnetic fields generated by NMRI. Implanted auditory prostheses are an
      absolute contraindication to NMRI, but an experimental study of its possible
      interaction with metallic stapedial prostheses has shown absence of their
      displacement. The artefact induced may alter images of middle ear but do not
      affect internal auditory canal. Nevertheless, manufacturers should conduct tests
      of magnetism of prostheses before they are passed as satisfactory.

PMID- 3688745
TI  - [Laryngeal lesions caused by explosions (laryngeal blasts)].
AB  - Laryngeal lesions due to explosions are termed laryngeal blast injuries when they
      result exclusively from the shock wave effects on laryngeal structures. Their
      experimental study is very recent and physical and physiopathologic bases for
      these lesions are discussed in relation to two cases. It is essential to identify
      these lesions early in all victims of an explosion since their presence may
      indicate the existence of pulmonary or abdominal blast injuries, detected at a
      later stage and affecting vital prognosis.

PMID- 3688746
TI  - [Extensive mycoses of the face. Apropos of a case].
AB  - An 11 year old boy with medullary aplasia developed extensive mycosis of the
      face. This mucormycosis is a rare affection that appears in patients with
      predisposing disease (diabetes, blood disorders) and is easily diagnosed, if
      considered, from clinical features. Diagnosis is confirmed by histopathology,
      culture sometimes identifying the causative fungus. Despite the intrinsic serious
      course of this affection (facial necrosis, death) prognosis appears to be related
      essentially to the rapid control of the subjacent disease.

PMID- 3688747
TI  - Association of laryngeal and pulmonary malignancies: a continuing challenge.
AB  - Over a 10-year period, 790 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and
      neck were treated at The Medical College of Wisconsin Affiliated Hospitals and
      were followed for a minimum of 7 years. Of the 218 patients with index primary
      laryngeal tumors, 43 (19.7%) developed additional malignancies in the head and
      neck, esophagus, or lung. Secondary lung tumors were the most common, occurring
      in 23 patients (10.6%). Of the 218 patients with index primary laryngeal
      carcinoma, 113 were treated successfully and never developed a recurrence of the
      original tumor. Twenty-one second primary lung malignancies developed in this
      group of successfully treated laryngeal tumor patients. The occurrence of these
      pulmonary malignancies was distributed fairly evenly over time. Three patients
      developed second primary lung tumors more than 7 years after initial treatment.
      The appearance of a secondary malignancy in the lung had a devastating effect
      upon survival. None of our patients survived more than 2 years after detection of
      the lung lesion. The relatively high incidence and delayed onset of second
      primary lung tumors in this group call into question the concept of 5-year
      "cures." Our challenge for the future should be the prevention and early
      detection of these second primary lung tumors.

PMID- 3688748
TI  - Histopathologic study of carcinoma of the hypopharynx: implications for
      conservation surgery.
AB  - A total of 38 specimens obtained by laryngopharyngectomy were subjected to a
      whole organ section study. Of the 38, 31 were pyriform sinus (PS), three were
      postcricoid (PC), and four were posterior wall (PW) carcinomas. The results were
      as follows. 1) The thyroid cartilage was involved much more frequently than the
      other laryngeal cartilages. 2) Joint involvements were infrequent. 3) The
      interarytenoid, thyroarytenoid, and lateral cricoarytenoid muscles frequently
      were invaded by PS carcinomas, whereas PC carcinomas frequently involved the
      interarytenoid and posterior cricoarytenoid muscles. 4) The recurrent laryngeal
      nerve (RLN) was involved in all PC T3 cases, but RLN involvement was rare in PS
      cases. 5) Involvements of the paraglottic space and periarytenoid region were
      closely related to fixation of the larynx on the affected side (hemilarynx) in PS
      carcinomas. 6) Neither hemilarynx fixation nor PS apex involvement was a reliable
      landmark for determining the exact extent of laryngeal involvement. 7)
      Conservation surgery could have been employed in 18 of the 38 cases.

PMID- 3688749
TI  - Complications of laser surgery for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.
AB  - During an 8-year period, 66 patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis
      underwent 890 laser microlaryngoscopy procedures. A retrospective analysis of
      immediate and delayed complications occurring with laser microlaryngoscopy in the
      treatment of these patients revealed that complications secondary to anesthetic
      technique and laser methodology were remarkably low (0.3%). Delayed complications
      of tissue injury (36% of pediatric patients and 17% of adult patients) were more
      frequent and included anterior glottic webbing, interarytenoid scarring and
      arytenoid fixation, vocal fold fibrosis, and generalized endolaryngeal glottic
      stenosis. All patients were evaluated by direct visualization and recording at
      the time of the operative procedure, as well as by review of intraoperative
      photographs. A smaller group of patients underwent analysis of voice recordings
      and laryngeal stroboscopy. The frequency and severity of tissue injury was higher
      in the patients with more severe disease who underwent multiple operative
      procedures.

PMID- 3688750
TI  - Flexible minibronchoscopy in children.
AB  - Flexible endoscopy is assuming a role of increasing importance in the evaluation
      and diagnosis of upper aerodigestive tract disorders. With improved fiberoptic
      capabilities and miniaturization, these techniques are gaining in applicability
      to the pediatric population. At Children's Hospital, Boston, a newly designed
      Machida 1.9-mm bronchoscope has been employed in the evaluation of the upper
      airway. The use of this small caliber instrument has been investigated in 1)
      evaluation of endotracheal or tracheotomy tube position, thus decreasing the need
      for repeated chest radiographs to confirm location; 2) bedside evaluation of
      possible tracheal disease (eg, mucous plug, granuloma, tracheitis) in the
      intensive care unit patient to determine treatment plans and/or need for further
      rigid bronchoscopy, and 3) evaluation of airway dynamics in the awake patient.
      Our experience with the flexible fiberoptic minibronchoscope is reviewed, with a
      discussion of indications for its use, as well as possible limitations. Case
      studies are presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the instrument.

PMID- 3688751
TI  - Endoscopic surgical management for laryngomalacia. Case report and review of the
      literature.
AB  - Laryngomalacia is the most common of the many causes of respiratory stridor in
      the newborn. It may be identified by fiberoptic nasopharyngoscopy in the nursery
      or office. Several anatomic mechanisms of supraglottic collapse have been
      reported in the literature. The most common is a narrowing of the supraglottic
      airway with blockage of the glottic opening by the redundant tissue of the
      aryepiglottic folds. Although surgery rarely is indicated, severe airway
      obstruction, necessitating surgical intervention, can occur. Resection of
      supraglottic tissue should be performed only as an alternative to tracheotomy.
      Surgical procedures ranging from tracheotomy to epiglottidectomy have been
      advocated. Direct visualization of the obstructing tissue by nasopharyngoscopy
      allows the planning of an appropriate surgical procedure. In a patient with
      lateral supraglottic collapse, deep resection of the epiglottis would be expected
      to weaken the support of the aryepiglottic folds and aggravate the airway
      condition. Similarly, resection of tissue along the aryepiglottic folds will be
      useful only if preoperative evaluation demonstrates the obstruction to be at this
      location.

PMID- 3688752
TI  - Bronchoscopy in diffuse lung disease: evaluation by open lung biopsy in
      nondiagnostic transbronchial lung biopsy.
AB  - Transbronchial lung biopsy through the flexible bronchoscope is used widely for
      the diagnosis of diffuse lung disease; however, a significant number of specimens
      obtained by the bronchoscopic 2-mm biopsy forceps will reveal nonspecific
      findings, eg, interstitial fibrosis or nonspecific pneumonitis. Such a report may
      be an accurate reflection of the presence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or
      nonspecific pneumonitis, but may merely indicate that the true diagnosis has been
      missed. We retrospectively studied 38 patients with diffuse lung disease whose
      transbronchial lung biopsies yielded nonspecific abnormalities. Subsequently,
      these patients were subjected to open lung biopsies. Nineteen of the 38 patients
      (50%) had a specific diagnosis made by open lung biopsy. The diagnoses included
      bronchiolitis obliterans, alveolar proteinosis, metastatic carcinoma, lymphoma,
      tuberculosis, and bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma. Although transbronchial lung
      biopsy is useful in the diagnosis of many diffuse lung diseases, it is not a
      replacement for open lung biopsy. When nonspecific findings by transbronchial
      lung biopsy do not correlate with the clinical picture, open lung biopsy should
      be performed.

PMID- 3688753
TI  - Endoscopic treatment of subglottic and tracheal stenosis by radial laser incision
      and dilation.
AB  - Five patients with severe fibrous subglottic and tracheal stenosis were treated
      by endoscopic radial laser incision and dilation using both carbon dioxide and
      neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet lasers. Good results were noted without
      complications in all patients in a follow-up period of at least 1 year. Careful
      selection of patients, excluding those with tracheal collapse or tracheomalacia,
      and preservation of tracheal epithelium with minimal heat and mechanical trauma
      are considered essential for good results.

PMID- 3688754
TI  - Laryngotracheal reconstruction for subglottic stenosis in children.
AB  - The experience with laryngotracheal reconstruction in 20 children in Chicago is
      reviewed. Nine of the 20 children (45%) operated upon had congenital subglottic
      stenosis. Ten (50%) had acquired stenosis. One child was classified as having
      combined types. All patients underwent laryngotracheal reconstruction with
      autogenous costal cartilage grafts. Eight patients had both anterior and
      posterior costal cartilage grafts with stent insertion. One had a posterior
      costal cartilage graft only. Sixteen of the 20 children (80%) have been
      decannulated. Midtracheal or lower tracheal disease concomitant with
      laryngotracheal stenosis is an indication that endoscopic management of severe
      subglottic stenosis is likely to fail. Early laryngotracheal reconstruction is
      indicated for patients with a high likelihood of failure of endoscopic management
      and for those with severe cricoid cartilage deformities. Our results support the
      use of laryngotracheal reconstruction as an alternative to conservative
      (endoscopic) management of severe subglottic stenosis in carefully selected
      patients.

PMID- 3688755
TI  - Pediatric laryngeal sarcoidosis.
AB  - Numerous cases of sarcoidosis, but few cases of well-documented laryngeal
      involvement, have been reported in the pediatric literature. Isolated laryngeal
      involvement is a most unusual presentation of sarcoidosis. Such a case is
      reported here, along with a review of laryngeal sarcoidosis in the pediatric
      population. Differential diagnosis, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment options
      are discussed. Intralesional steroid injection provides local therapy with fewer
      complications than systemic steroids.

PMID- 3688756
TI  - Laryngeal electrode platform: an indwelling device for mobilizing the vocal
      cords.
AB  - By passing electrical current across the laryngeal mucosa and esophageal wall,
      the recurrent laryngeal nerve can be stimulated, thereby mobilizing the vocal
      cords. In designing a device that would utilize this phenomenon, we theorized
      that stability, targeting, and mucosal contact could be maximized by an
      indwelling device that would conform precisely to the topography of the posterior
      larynx. In five dogs, molds of the hypopharynx and proximal esophagus were
      fashioned in vivo by injection of an alginate compound. From each mold was
      constructed a vinyl platform blanketed with electrodes. Each platform fit snugly
      in place, and could activate the nerve consistently in any of the dogs. With as
      little as 3 mA pulsatile current, use of specific electrodes enabled bilateral
      abduction, more than doubling the resting glottic aperture. Bilateral adduction
      was sometimes attainable. Such a platform may have use in visualizing subglottic
      lesions, diagnosing laryngeal movement disorders, and facilitating intubation and
      extubation.

PMID- 3688757
TI  - Vocal cord paralysis associated with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - The course of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve through the chest brings it in
      close proximity with the heart and great cardiac vessels. Diseases of the heart
      and the great vessels are known to cause vocal cord paralysis, probably by
      mechanical injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Pulmonary artery hypertension
      and dilation occur in up to 80% of patients with cystic fibrosis. We report a
      case of a 23-year-old woman with cystic fibrosis and left vocal cord paralysis.
      We believe that sudden pulmonary artery expansion produced recurrent laryngeal
      nerve injury and vocal cord paralysis. This is only the second association of
      unilateral vocal cord paralysis and cystic fibrosis in the medical literature.
      The pathophysiology of the cardiovocal syndrome is discussed.

PMID- 3688758
TI  - Risk factors for intubation injury of the larynx.
AB  - The endolaryngeal structures are subjected to insult from prolonged endotracheal
      intubation. Factors that may exacerbate this injury include intubation technique,
      duration of intubation, tube geometry and constitution, frequency of
      reintubation, and patient-related factors such as concomitant medical diseases.
      The contribution of underlying medical disease to laryngeal intubation injury was
      studied prospectively by sequential endoscopy from the time of tracheotomy.
      Diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, and a history of stroke or
      tuberculosis increased the likelihood of severe laryngeal injury. The association
      of these disorders with severe laryngeal injury should lead to consideration of
      earlier tracheotomy in such patients.

PMID- 3688759
TI  - Clinical characteristics of nosocomial sinusitis.
AB  - Paranasal sinusitis is an important source of sepsis and morbidity in head injury
      victims and requires aggressive pursuit and therapy. Of 208 head-injured
      patients, 24 developed paranasal sinusitis. The Glasgow Coma Scale score of the
      sinusitis patients was 7.1 +/- 3.9. Nineteen patients were intubated
      nasotracheally, and five were intubated orally. Sinus air fluid levels,
      indicative of bleeding into the sinus, were seen on 17 initial computed
      tomographic scans. Maxillary sinus suppuration occurred in 23 patients; in 20 it
      was the initial sinus involved. Twenty-one patients developed polymicrobial
      sinusitis. Coexisting infections were common. In 15 patients with concurrent
      tracheobronchitis or pneumonia, organisms identical to those in sinus aspirations
      were recovered from the sputum. Seven patients had associated bacteremia.
      Meningitis in six patients shared a common pathogen with their sinusitis.
      Nonoperative management successfully resolved sinus infection in 19 cases. Five
      patients required open sinusotomy.

PMID- 3688761
TI  - Hypodermic needles: an unusual tracheobronchial foreign body.
AB  - Case reports of foreign bodies in the upper aerodigestive regions and
      descriptions of the various methods used to retrieve them have been recorded in
      the medical literature since ancient times. Sharp, penetrating foreign bodies are
      most dangerous and may cause acute complications if they perforate the air and
      food passages. Recently, the authors encountered nine cases of hypodermic needles
      in the tracheobronchial tree. Seven of the nine needles were removed
      endoscopically without complications and two were expelled by the patients.

PMID- 3688760
TI  - Airway complications from laryngoscopy and panendoscopy.
AB  - Laryngoscopy and panendoscopy can cause airway complications. To determine the
      risk to the airway from reintubation following general anesthesia in
      otolaryngology patients, we examined recovery room and anesthesia records at the
      Albany Veterans Administration Medical Center covering a 10-year period. From
      this information we determined the incidence of recovery room reintubation and
      studied airway risk factors associated with otolaryngologic endoscopy. From 1975
      to 1984, 10,060 surgical patients were intubated at the Albany VA Medical Center.
      Only 17 patients (0.17%) required reintubation. Of 1,365 otolaryngology patients
      intubated during the same period, 324 had laryngoscopy and 302 had panendoscopy.
      Significantly, four laryngoscopy patients (1.2%) and nine panendoscopy patients
      (3%) required recovery room intubation. Nine endoscopy patients needed
      reintubation within 1 hour of extubation. We conclude that the risk of
      postoperative airway compromise is significantly greater among patients who
      underwent diagnostic laryngoscopy and panendoscopy than among patients who had
      general anesthesia for other reasons.

PMID- 3688762
TI  - Hereditary congenital laryngeal abductor paralysis.
AB  - We discuss the cases of a mother and daughter with paralysis of laryngeal
      abduction at birth as an isolated symptom. These patients are compared with other
      known families with congenital abductor paralysis, and inferences are made about
      the cause and mechanism of the disorder. A plan of diagnosis and management is
      presented.

PMID- 3688763
TI  - Nontraumatic subluxation of the atlantoaxial joint: Grisel's syndrome.
AB  - Grisel's syndrome is defined as subluxation of the atlantoaxial joint not
      associated with trauma or bone disease. Primarily an affliction of children, the
      disorder may occur in association with any condition that results in hyperemia
      and pathologic relaxation of the transverse ligament of the atlantoaxial joint,
      including several common otolaryngic entities. Grisel's syndrome has been noted
      infrequently in the otolaryngologic literature; this paper reports a case from
      West Virginia University Hospital of a 6-year-old boy with radiographic evidence
      of retropharyngeal cellulitis following meningitis progressing to atlantoaxial
      subluxation. Discussed are the pathophysiologic aspects of Grisel's syndrome with
      an anatomic explanation recently described to account for the syndrome.

PMID- 3688764
TI  - Caustic ingestions and foreign body aspirations: an overlooked form of child
      abuse.
AB  - Caustic ingestions and foreign body aspirations are common occurrences in the
      pediatric population. The high association between caustic ingestions and foreign
      body aspirations and family stress with social problems may result in significant
      morbidity and mortality. It is the purpose of this article to increase physician
      awareness concerning the possibility that these events may be a form of child
      abuse. It is hoped that by recognizing the risk of child abuse in these cases the
      physician can make the appropriate referrals in order to avoid serious injury to
      the child.

PMID- 3688765
TI  - Treatment of laryngeal sarcoidosis with intralesional steroid injection.
AB  - Laryngeal sarcoidosis presents with hoarseness, cough, and dysphagia. Shortness
      of breath due to upper airway obstruction may occur. Indirect laryngoscopy
      reveals mucosal edema and erythema, granulomas, and nodules. The supraglottic
      larynx is the most frequently affected area. Systemic corticosteroids can be used
      initially; however, with persistent symptoms and/or severe airway problems,
      intralesional steroid injections may be more effective, as in the six patients
      presented.

PMID- 3688766
TI  - Laryngeal involvement by thyroid disease.
AB  - Thyroid tissue or neoplastic derivatives therefrom in the larynx or trachea have
      their genesis in either ectopia or a direct invasion by carcinoma of the thyroid
      gland proper. The benign lesions are found preponderantly in patients from
      regions in which goiter is endemic, and they may represent as much as 7% of all
      benign tracheal tumors. Laryngotracheal invasion by thyroid carcinoma also has a
      frequency of approximately 7%, with all histologic types represented.

PMID- 3688768
TI  - [Ethical rules and moral principles: a plea for some degree of freedom].

PMID- 3688767
TI  - Management of postoperative laryngeal edema following laryngoscopy for procedures
      as simple as biopsy of a tumor.

PMID- 3688769
TI  - [Delayed motor and intellectual sequelae in 34 children with cerebral palsy and
      CT signs of periventricular leukomalacia].

PMID- 3688770
TI  - [Varicocele in children and adolescents].

PMID- 3688771
TI  - [Rothmund-Thomson poikiloderma. Apropos of a case previously reported in infancy
      and followed up for 20 years].

PMID- 3688772
TI  - [A syndrome of mandibulofacial dysostosis associated with a chromosome anomaly].

PMID- 3688774
TI  - [A new case of complete isolated diphallus].

PMID- 3688773
TI  - [Reference values for serum transferrin in newborn infants and children].

PMID- 3688775
TI  - Thermography after subcutaneous mastectomy and reconstruction with silicone gel
      prosthesis: a pilot study.
AB  - Patients with subcutaneously placed silicone gel prostheses, for reconstruction
      after subcutaneous mastectomies, often complain of cold breasts as well as of
      slow regaining of warmth after cooling. We have used thermography in 7 such women
      and in 7 healthy women of the same age group as controls. Thermography has also
      been used in 3 women after repositioning of the subcutaneously placed prostheses
      to a submuscular position in order to study any possible changes in temperature.
      In 2 cases thermography also was found to aid in the diagnosis of a suspected
      subcutaneous displacement of a submuscular prosthesis; the technique has an
      advantage over mammographic examination, since thermography is a simple, less
      expensive, and safer method.

PMID- 3688776
TI  - Preoperative breast marking in reduction mammaplasty.
AB  - A simple method of preoperative marking for reduction mammaplasty is described.
      This method may be used in macromastias when the technique chosen implies a
      postoperative scar with the shape of an inverted T. The marking sequence follows
      standard steps, but the drawing is always different because it is a consequence
      of the shape of the breast. This marking method reduces the chance of making
      mistakes due to excessive personal evaluations or to the use of standard drawing
      patterns that may be not suitable for all breast shapes.

PMID- 3688777
TI  - Submuscular breast reconstruction: a one-stage method of tissue expansion.
AB  - This article discusses the use of a permanent saline-filled expander for breast
      reconstruction incorporating on the anterior surface a filler valve that can be
      located by nonoperative means. The self-sealing filler valve has a well-marked
      design that is particularly amenable to ultrasound detection. This results in the
      capacity to inflate or deflate the prosthesis at will. Sixty patients were
      operated on and 123 submuscular custom-made prosthetic expanders were implanted.
      Seventy-four percutaneous volumetric changes were performed without significant
      complications. Follow-up studies for more than 6 years are presented. The primary
      advantage of this prosthesis is its capability for percutaneous access under
      local anesthetic to produce volumetric changes. The prosthesis is permanent and
      does not have to be replaced as normal tissue expanders do. Only 1 operation is
      necessary. In addition, capsule contracture and spontaneous deflation rates are
      within an acceptable range.

PMID- 3688778
TI  - Breast sensibility: a neurophysiological appraisal in the normal breast.
AB  - This study has provided baseline data of a quantitative neurophysiological
      appraisal of normal breast sensibility using our current understanding of
      cutaneous mechanoreceptive function. Test variables, including pressure, low- and
      high-frequency vibration, static and moving two-point discrimination,
      temperature, nipple erectibility, and pain, were evaluated in 11 normal
      volunteers using different coordinates over the nipple, areola, and body of the
      breast. Definite patterns were established so that the breast could be subdivided
      into distinct cutaneous areas with differing mechanoreceptive characteristics.
      The future aim is to broaden the scope of this study with preoperative
      evaluations in our clinical patients so that appropriate recommendations for
      future reconstructive breast procedures can be made.

PMID- 3688779
TI  - Cytostatic extravasations.
AB  - Sixty-six cases of cytostatic extravasation referred to a plastic surgery
      department between 1977 and mid-1985 are discussed. Doxorubicin was the most
      common drug involved, but a number of other drugs also caused lesions requiring
      surgical intervention. Operative treatment, consisting of excision of drug
      infiltrated tissue followed by skin transplantation, was performed in half the
      patients. Significant residual damage was seen in 12 patients who had all
      received the drug at the elbow joint, wrist, or back of the hand. Fourteen
      patients were operated on late in the course of the disease, on average 10 weeks
      after the accident because of delayed referral. In 1983 prophylaxis was
      undertaken and first-aid treatment was administered, consisting of aspiration via
      the administration catheter. The nature of patient referrals then improved
      considerably. It is recommended that cytostatic treatment be given at the
      antebrachium, if possible, and that aspiration be attempted promptly after an
      accident. Manifest lesions should be operated on early, i.e., within the first
      week. The indication for early operation is particularly strong if a highly
      irritative drug has been deposited in a critical region and has caused a severe
      local reaction.

PMID- 3688780
TI  - Static syndrome after cross-facial nerve transplantation.
AB  - A cross-facial nerve graft connected to buccal branches of the healthy facial
      nerve may carry axons destined for the orbicularis oris muscle as well as axons
      destined for elevators and abductors of the corner of the mouth. If this nerve
      graft innervates a pedicled or free muscle flap, contractions of the flap or part
      of it will also occur when the patient purses his lips. This results in
      immobilization of the corner of the mouth. On the other hand, smiling may lead to
      simultaneous contraction of other erroneously reinnervated muscle fibers, equally
      immobilizing the corner of the mouth. Electromyography in these cases shows well
      reinnervated musculature. The only solution to prevent this so-called static
      syndrome is to transplant smaller nerves connected at more peripheral levels to
      smaller facial nerve branches with more specific functions.

PMID- 3688781
TI  - Surgical management of volumetric changes in the bony orbit.
AB  - This article demonstrates that the periorbital fat, instead of being continuous
      and freely flowing, is encased within 3 compartments: 1 anterior to the
      extraocular muscles, 1 external to the extraocular muscles, and 1 deep to the
      extraocular muscles. In addition, the study establishes that fat loss anterior to
      the axis of the globe does not affect the anteroposterior location of the eye
      itself. Only fractures located posterior to the axis produce enophthalmos, and
      only operative procedures that create bony enlargement and fatty displacement
      behind this axis correct exophthalmos. Furthermore, only adding volume behind the
      axis of the globe can correct enophthamos. Finally, if there is sufficient space
      between the top of the globe and the bony roof, volume additions at the axis of
      the globe can correct vertical dystopia without producing exophthalmos.

PMID- 3688782
TI  - Internal pudendal pseudoaneurysm complicating an ischial pressure sore.
AB  - A 23-year-old paraplegic patient experienced two episodes of substantial
      hemorrhage from an ischial pressure sore. Computed tomography showed that the
      wound extended into the pelvis and retroperitoneum, and arteriography
      demonstrated a pseudoaneurysm of the internal pudendal artery. The artery was
      selectively embolized, permitting debridement and flap coverage uncomplicated by
      bleeding. Bleeding from a pelvic extension of a pressure sore can be a
      catastrophic combination of distorted anatomy and relatively inaccessible
      vessels. As in hemorrhagic complications of pelvic trauma, tumors, and radiation,
      arteriography and transcatheter embolization can localize and control the source
      of bleeding.

PMID- 3688783
TI  - Re: Surgical indications and techniques for posterior pharyngeal flap revision.

PMID- 3688784
TI  - Nostril sill augmentation in secondary cleft lip.
AB  - In most cases, after successful correction of primary cleft lip deformity, some
      problems remain to be solved. One of them is nostril sill depression, which
      should not be overlooked in cleft lip repair. However, there have been few
      reports on the anatomy of the depressed nostril sill and methods for augmenting
      the sill depression. The anatomy of the depressed nostril sill, its relationship
      to surrounding tissue, and the gross features of nostril sill depression in cleft
      lip deformity were reviewed, and a method in which a scar flap and a suture
      fixation technique are used was developed for augmenting the depression. The
      clinical results of this method in 16 patients are presented.

PMID- 3688785
TI  - Aesthetic reduction of the upper lip.
AB  - The upper lip, given its surface anatomy and morphology, should be no more than 2
      cm high. Therefore, to reduce the upper lip we propose an incision at its highest
      portion similar to the letter M which extends into the nasal vestibula. We aim at
      a real reduction of the height of the lip as well as restoration of its natural
      concavity through a scar situated obscurely, and which tends to disappear within
      a few months postoperatively. In patients in whom the upper lip is less than 2 cm
      high but the vermilion is minimal, we use Gillies' technique and make curvilinear
      incisions. We have also observed correction of the perioral wrinkles using this
      technique.

PMID- 3688786
TI  - Observations of cell function and morphology in the presence of silicone gel: an
      in vitro study.
AB  - The project described in this article used in vitro tissue culture techniques and
      flow cytometry to determine if there are alterations in cell morphology in those
      cells that have been placed in contact with a commercially available medical
      grade silicone gel used in mammary implants. We were unable to demonstrate
      significant changes in cell cycle characteristics following in vitro exposure for
      1 to 12 days using human fibroblasts, mouse fibroblasts, and Chinese hamster
      ovary cells.

PMID- 3688788
TI  - The tubular/tuberous breast syndrome.
AB  - There are various degrees of expression of the fully developed tubular/tuberous
      deformity. To develop an adequate treatment plan for this condition, the
      individual deformities constituting the fully expressed syndrome must be
      diagnosed. The treatment plan must include maneuvers to correct each deficiency
      within the syndrome itself. We present the spectrum of abnormalities constituting
      the tubular/tuberous syndrome and the treatment plan thereof.

PMID- 3688787
TI  - Viability and vascularization of an expanded buttock island flap in the pig.
AB  - In 14 of 16 buttock island flaps, half of which had been expanded within their
      cranial arterial part before elevation, areas of skin necrosis were noted within
      the caudal random part. The mean area of necrosis on the expanded side did not
      differ from that on the control side. In vivo angiograms indicated that the
      circumflex iliac artery was more tortuous and wider on the expanded side than on
      the control side. The findings suggest that expanding the arterial part of the
      flaps has no apparent negative effects on the circulation. The concept of
      expanding skin to be used as a free flap, so that the size of the flap may
      fulfill demands in special circumstances, is supported.

PMID- 3688789
TI  - Lower eyelid examination following blepharoplasty in the monkey.
AB  - To determine the validity and reliability of the physical examination in
      evaluating abnormalities of the lower eyelid following blepharoplasty, a model
      using monkeys was developed. One plastic surgeon performed a variety of
      blepharoplasties, including extensive resection of lower lid skin and/or muscle,
      and/or the creation of scarring in the orbital septum. Three months
      postoperatively, a second plastic surgeon and an ophthalmologist examined these
      monkeys' lower eyelids. Although there was substantial agreement between the
      observers as to the degree of scleral show and which eye was "worse" in each
      monkey, the examiners were correct in just 7 of 24 attempts to identify the exact
      operative procedure that had been performed. This study demonstrates that it is
      difficult to identify the cause of abnormalities in appearance and position of
      the lower lid after blepharoplasty. Orbital septal scarring can cause the same
      degree of scleral show as excessive skin resection. Muscle resection contributed
      little to lower lid position.

PMID- 3688790
TI  - A model of chronic nerve compression in the rat.
AB  - This article describes a model of chronic nerve compression in the rat. The
      sciatic nerve of adult male Sprague Dawley rats was banded with a 1-cm Silastic
      tube for varying periods of time. Morphometric analysis, electrodiagnostic
      studies, and histological evaluation were carried out 3, 5, 8, and 12 months
      after banding. Histological evaluation at 3 months was normal. At 5 months
      perineurial thickening was demonstrated. In the periphery of the fascicles,
      segmental demyelination was noted; central fibers appeared normal. At 8 months
      there was further epineurial and perineurial thickening. Marked thinning of the
      myelin was noted in all fibers and evidence of Wallerian degeneration was
      apparent. Progressive connective tissue and nerve fiber changes were noted at 12
      months. Nerve conduction studies after 3 months of compression demonstrated an
      increase in conduction velocity compared to the normal unbanded control nerves.
      Progressive slowing of conduction velocity was noted from 5 through 12 months.

PMID- 3688791
TI  - Patch esophagoplasty with musculocutaneous flaps as treatment of complications
      after esophageal reconstruction.
AB  - A musculocutaneous flap is a simple and effective treatment for the complications
      which can follow esophageal reconstruction at the cervical portion, such as
      stricture, fistula, and infection of costal cartilages. After the strictured
      segment is opened or resected, the resultant esophageal defect can be replaced
      with the skin patch of a musculocutaneous flap. Then the muscle component of the
      musculocutaneous flap can be used to form a seal around the previously infected
      lesion site, an area with the potential for recurrent infection and leakage in
      subsequent operations. Seven patients were treated this way with satisfactory
      results.

PMID- 3688792
TI  - Traumatic rupture of the extensor pollicis longus tendon.
AB  - Rupture of the extensor pollicis longus tendon is rather rare, attributable in
      about half of all cases to rheumatoid arthritis affecting the wrist or to a
      Colles' fracture. In the remainder of cases, either a direct closed injury to the
      wrist or a hyperextension injury of the wrist is most often responsible. Far more
      unusual is a rotational injury which can cause complete avulsion of the EPL
      tendon at the musculotendinous junction. A delayed rupture is most probably
      caused by an avascular necrosis secondary to traumatic disruption of the
      mesotendon. Surgical correction of the injury is best accomplished by tendon
      transfer, using the extensor indicis proprius. Postoperative immobilization,
      hyperextension of the thumb, and adequate resting tension are all necessary to
      assure good return of function. Postoperatively, the patient may experience a
      slight decrease in extensor strength of the index finger which may or may not be
      accompanied by a minimal loss in extensor range.

PMID- 3688793
TI  - Solitary metastatic melanoma of the soft palate.
AB  - Melanoma of the oral mucosa is frequently situated in the area of the hard palate
      but extremely rarely in the soft palate. Even metastatic tumors are very rare in
      this location, and surgery at this stage is seldom indicated. Two patients with
      solitary metastatic melanoma of the soft palate are described. In both, a
      subtotal excision of the soft palate was performed, completed by reconstruction
      with pharyngeal flaps and island flaps from the hard palate. Both patients are
      alive and free from recurrence 12 years and 4 years after the primary diagnosis
      of melanoma and 2 years and 18 months after the palatal reconstruction. One
      patient has normal speech with no nasality; the other patient has very slight
      hypernasality but no other problems.

PMID- 3688794
TI  - Total arm flap.
AB  - The development of an unusual and rarely indicated total arm flap is described in
      the context of widely indicated and automatically used principles passed down by
      the recognized father of plastic surgery, Sir Harold G. Gillies.

PMID- 3688795
TI  - The application of liposuction for removal of hematomas and fat necrosis.
AB  - The standard liposuction apparatus with 1.5-mm spatula cannula has been used to
      aspirate hematomas early and to debride areas of fat necrosis. This technique has
      proved to be of great value in hematomas following face lifting and posttraumatic
      scalp hematomas and in fat necrosis generally.

PMID- 3688796
TI  - 20th Singapore-Malaysia Congress of Medicine. 31st July-3rd August 1986,
      Singapore. Selected papers.

PMID- 3688797
TI  - The training of a physician.
AB  - Training of the physician in the United Kingdom comprises two separate but
      contiguous elements: (1) Preparation for and success in the entrance examination
      (MRCP or equivalent); this is usually covered by the title, General Professional
      Training (GPT); (2) further or Higher Medical Training (HMT) in General
      (Internal) Medicine or one of its specialties; this usually leads to
      accreditation which is a desirable but not essential prerequisite to appointment
      as a consultant. The minimum period associated with these is 3 years for GPT and
      4 years for HMT.

PMID- 3688798
TI  - The 8th Gordon Arthur Ransome oration: Physicians and human values.

PMID- 3688799
TI  - Medical aspects of haematuria.
AB  - Haematuria is always a significant finding that requires proper evaluation, and
      investigations may need to be initiated based on an adequate history. A careful
      urine microscopy of the urine using phase contrast microscopy is essential, and
      may predict the source of the haematuria based on red cell morphology, and point
      the direction that appropriate investigation should take. Infection tumours,
      obstruction; and calculi account for most cases of gross haematuria in adults. In
      paediatric patients, the causes of gross haematuria are readily apparent in half
      of the cases, but further investigations are necessary in the other half. All
      cases of haematuria require prompt evaluation and appropriate investigations to
      ensure correct and early treatment.

PMID- 3688800
TI  - Prevalence of mental disorders in the elderly in Singapore--a preliminary report.
AB  - A random sample of 1,000 subjects aged 65 or more were selected from the
      electoral register of 3 constituencies in Singapore. Only 612 subjects could be
      interviewed at a day centre or at home. The prevalence of dementia in the sample
      was 1.8% and functional psychiatric disorders 4.3%. In the functional psychiatric
      disorders, the commonest condition was depression. A review of the literature
      shows that the prevalence rates of dementia and functional psychiatric disorders
      in Singapore are low compared to other countries.

PMID- 3688801
TI  - Perioperative problems in elderly patients.
AB  - The number of elderly patients is increasing in all countries. It is estimated
      that about half of those over 65 will require an operation at some time, most
      commonly for cataract, prostatic hypertrophy, hernia, gallstones or fractured
      hip. Whilst overall morbidity and mortality is considerably increased in this age
      group, it does not appear to result from an increased liability to surgical
      complications, but rather to the complications of old age itself. The fundamental
      factor of ageing is a decreased capacity for adaptation, and this applies to
      virtually all organs and systems. Surgeons and anaesthetists must make allowances
      for these changes. Most important are cardio-respiratory limitations and altered
      pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics affecting drug action and elimination.
      These will be discussed in relation to the perioperative period. Once these are
      understood there should be no hesitation in accepting elderly patients for any
      form of surgery, provided the likely benefits outweigh the increased risk. Much
      discomfort in old age can be alleviated by a careful choice of surgery.

PMID- 3688802
TI  - The CO2 laser in clinical surgery--past, present and future.
AB  - The CO2 Laser is now an accepted modality in all branches of surgery without
      exception. Its use as a "Light Knife" or for the purpose of accurate vaporization
      of tissue has proved an advantage in many surgical procedures. The introduction
      of various endoscopes has broadened its application in cavitational surgery. With
      the advent of a suitable optical fiber this application will be broadened even
      further. Computerised Laser surgery has become a reality and the recent
      introduction of the CO2 Laser in tissue welding has opened a new field and augurs
      well for the future.

PMID- 3688803
TI  - A study on the health hazard of toluene in the polythene printing industry in
      Singapore.
AB  - A study was conducted to determine if there were any health effects among the
      polythene printers who were exposed to toluene and to evaluate the use of urinary
      hippuric acid in biological monitoring. The study covered 54 printers from 6
      plants out of the universe population of 32 polythene printing plants who used
      toluene as ink dilutants. They were matched with 54 controls for age, sex, race
      and similar occupational status. All were interviewed and examined clinically. 23
      patients were selected for neurobehavioural tests. 26% of the printers had more
      than 10 years of exposure to toluene. No case of clinical encephalopathy or
      peripheral neuropathy was detected. 38.9% of the printers had hand dermatitis
      compared with 1.9% among the controls. Results of the neurobehavioural tests for
      the 23 printers were not statistically different from the controls. The results
      of the liver function test were within normal limits. The mean toluene-in-air
      level was 246 +/- 25 mg/m. Mean blood toluene was 0.63 +/- 0.14 microgram/ml. The
      mean urinary hippuric acid was 2.83 +/- 0.48 mg/ml as compared to 0.35 +/- 0.08
      mg/ml in the controls. Urine hippuric acid corrected to SG of 1.016 was well
      correlated to air toluene level (r = 0.81). Toluene appears not to have any
      significant nervous system or liver effects in these printers. Urinary hippuric
      acid is a useful indicator for biological monitoring of atmospheric exposure to
      toluene.

PMID- 3688804
TI  - Suicidal poisoning deaths in Singapore 1975-1984.
AB  - This study presents the pattern of suicidal poisoning deaths in Singapore for
      1975 to 1984. A total of 282 suicidal poisoning deaths investigated at the
      Department of Pathology were retrospectively analysed. It was found that for the
      ten year period, death by poisoning was the third most popular method of suicide
      with a mean annual percentage of 10.2%. The most commonly involved suicidal
      poison was the herbicide, Paraquat, used in 35.1% of the cases. Organophosphate
      insecticides were involved in 22.3% and drugs were used in 24%. The results of
      the study suggest that in view of the lethality of Paraquat and its popularity as
      a suicidal agent, there is a need for stricter controls to restrict the
      availability of Paraquat to the general population.

PMID- 3688805
TI  - The significance of Candida-specific serum IgE in recurrent vaginal candidiasis.
AB  - Total and Candida-specific serum concentrations of IgE were studied in 21
      patients who fulfilled the criteria for recurrent vaginal candidiasis, and 45
      controls. The candida specific IgE levels were significantly higher in patients
      with recurrent vaginal candidiasis than the controls. There was no significant
      difference in the total IgE levels between the patients and the controls. IgE is
      postulated to inhibit the cellular immune response to Candida and thereby prevent
      the eradication of the organism. There may be a genetic basis for the increased
      serum IgE levels. Hyposensitisation may be an effective mode of therapy.

PMID- 3688806
TI  - Responses and evaluation of patients with temporomandibular disorders in relation
      to conservative treatment.
AB  - The main purpose of the study was to evaluate the pattern of response of an
      identified subgroup of patients having clinically diagnosed myofascial pain
      dysfunction of the stomatognathic system to conservative methods of treatment. 10
      affected female adults fulfilling the criterion for selection, were allowed to
      undergo a closely-monitored treatment regime and evaluated on two occasions,
      employing accepted clinical indices for gauging the severity of the condition.
      The patients had clinical features of dysfunction graded as moderately severe to
      very severe. Evaluation showed that severe symptoms were ameliorated for 4
      subjects thus affected. Moderate to marked improvement in condition was observed
      in 6 cases out of the 10 subjects investigated over the 5 to 8 weeks of therapy.
      The patients showed an encouraging interim response to treatment and their
      prognosis in general appeared fairly good.

PMID- 3688807
TI  - Mediastinal benign teratoma in Singapore.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to analyse the pattern of benign mediastinal
      teratoma, in this region. The paper is based on a retrospective analysis of 16
      consecutive patients who were admitted to the Cardiothoracic Surgical unit in
      Singapore from 1967 through 1984. The disease pattern appears to be similar to
      those reported from the west. Complete surgical excision offers a cure and it can
      be carried out safely.

PMID- 3688808
TI  - Transit time analysis of the forced expiratory spirogram of fire-fighters.
AB  - Analysis of the forced expiratory spirogram using time as the primary variable
      had been shown to be a promising method for detecting small airway dysfunction.
      This paper describes its application on 277 fire-fighters. Spirometry was
      performed when the fire-fighters were at rest and had not been fighting fires for
      the previous 24 hours. The best of three spirograms were used to compute the mean
      transit time (MTT). Through multiple linear regression analysis, age was the only
      factor that was significantly associated with MTT. The regression coefficients
      for age of smoking and non-smoking fire-fighters were nearly equal (0.011 and
      0.010 seconds per year respectively). When 28 pairs of smoking and non-smoking
      fire-fighters were matched for age, duration of service, ethnicity and job
      groups, their average MTT were not significantly different. An increasing age
      adjusted mean MTT was seen among the non-smoking fire-fighters with job groups
      requiring greater exposure to fire-fighting. Normal smokers had been shown to
      have a much greater regression coefficient for age on MTT when compared to normal
      nonsmokers. When compared with this study, the regression equation for MTT of non
      smoking fire-fighters differed markedly from that of normal non-smokers and
      approached that of normal smokers. Coupled with the 'dose-response' relationship
      shown in the non-smoking fire-fighters, this study provides evidence of pulmonary
      dysfunction in fire-fighters. This pulmonary dysfunction may be localised in the
      small airways.

PMID- 3688809
TI  - The role of the fibreoptic bronchoscope in the diagnosis of bronchial neoplasm.
AB  - We report our experience from January 1980 to December 1985 with the fibreoptic
      bronchoscope in the evaluation of bronchial disease, particularly bronchial
      neoplasm. Bronchoscopy was performed in 456 patients (329 men, 127 women) and the
      pathological results were analysed retrospectively. The main indications for
      bronchoscopy were the radiological findings of a central mass (22%), a peripheral
      mass (18%), lobar or segmental collapse (14%), unresolved pneumonia (13%), and
      haemoptysis as a symptom (15%). Abnormal bronchoscopic findings were noted in 167
      patients. This was supported by histological examination in 136 patients (81%).
      In 43 patients (32%) the diagnosis was only made on cytology. The clinical
      predictive values of common indications were: central mass 0.53, lobar or
      segmental collapse 0.51, and superior vena cava obstruction 0.36. The fibreoptic
      bronchoscope is a highly efficient method for diagnosing bronchial malignancy.
      Bronchial brushing and aspiration should be performed in all cases to maximise
      the yield.

PMID- 3688810
TI  - Treadmill exercise testing in ischaemic heart disease.
AB  - An analysis of 1,600 consecutive treadmill exercise tests is made, with emphasis
      on those with an ischaemic response. An ischaemic response is defined as a
      horizontal or downsloping depression of the ST segment of 1 mm or more. A
      hypertensive response is recorded where the blood pressure exceeds 200 mm Hg
      systolic or 100 mm Hg diastolic during exercise. There were 150 (9%) ischaemic
      responses and 279 (17%) hypertensive responses. Cardiac arrhythmias were detected
      in 173 (11%) subjects. Among the 150 subjects with ischaemic responses, 69 (46%)
      of them presented with anginal symptoms while 64 (43%) of them had no precordial
      pain. Twenty-seven (18%) of them had definite previous myocardial infarction.
      Risk factors observed included hypertension in 54 (36%) subjects, diabetes
      mellitus in 33 (22%) subjects, hypercholesterolaemia in 41 (37%) out of 112
      subjects and 44 (29%) cigarette smokers.

PMID- 3688811
TI  - Efficacy of verapamil in the conversion of supraventricular tachycardia in
      Singapore children.
AB  - The efficacy of verapamil in the conversion of 47 episodes of supraventricular
      tachycardia in 22 children was evaluated. The age of the patients ranged from 15
      days to 10 years. Tachycardia was the main mode of presentation. Ten out of 22
      children had viral infections. Two patients developed mild cardiac failure. Six
      patients had underlying cardiac abnormalities. Forty-four out of 47 episodes of
      supraventricular tachycardia were converted to sinus rhythm by a single dose of
      verapamil (0.11 +/- 0.08 mg/kg). No significant side-effects were observed.
      Intravenous verapamil is an effective and safe drug for the conversion of
      supraventricular tachycardia in children.

PMID- 3688812
TI  - A comparative study of peritoneal fluid concentrations of oestradiol-17 beta,
      progesterone, and testosterone in controls and in patients with endometriosis.
AB  - To ascertain whether a cyclical variation exists in the steroid hormone
      concentration of the peritoneal fluid between controls and patients with
      endometriosis, we set out to measure the concentration of oestradiol--17 beta
      (E2), progesterone (P4), and testosterone (T) by specific radioimmunoassay in the
      peritoneal fluid of these 2 groups. Forty six patients (mean age, 30.1 +/- 6
      years) with pelvic endometriosis and 32 control patients (mean age, 32.2 + 3.8
      years) without endometriosis were studied. The significance of differences
      between groups was determined by the Mann-Whitney mu test. In the control group a
      significant rise in peritoneal fluid E2 (P = 0.017) and P4 (P = 0.048) levels was
      observed in the luteal phase compared to the follicular phase, but no such
      difference was noted in women with endometriosis. It is suggested that peritoneal
      fluid steroid hormone assays are not helpful in the evaluation of ovarian
      function in endometriosis.

PMID- 3688813
TI  - Histopathology of the testes from male transsexuals on oestrogen therapy.
AB  - This study was conducted to determine whether the histopathology of the testis of
      the male transsexual would throw light on the pathogenesis of male
      transsexualism. Histological sections of testicular tissues obtained at sex
      reassignment surgery from phenotypic male transsexuals (n = 10, age 21-33 years)
      with XY sex chromosome constitution were studied by light microscopy. The
      patients were diagnosed on clinical and psychiatric evidence and had been on
      oestrogen therapy for 6-13 years. The significant histological findings in the
      ten subjects were: (i) Focal or normal spermatogenic activity associated with
      normal Leydig cell population in three cases, and (ii) Total absence of
      spermatogenic activity associated with reduced Leydig cell population in seven
      cases. We suggest that the observed histological features are due to
      refractoriness to oestrogen, and the iatrogenic effects of oestrogen superimposed
      on normal or altered hypoathalamo-pituitary function.

PMID- 3688814
TI  - Tissue expanders in reconstructive surgery.
AB  - The shortage of skin and soft tissue has been the limiting factor in many
      reconstructive problems. Tissue expanders (a temporary inflatable device) were
      recently introduced, to provide the solution. In the first 25 patients of our
      series of patients age 7 years to 46 years, a total of 30 expanders were used in
      different parts of the body. The expanders used were made by Cox-Uphoff (CUI) and
      varied in size from 30 ml to 1000 ml, with an attached remote valve. These
      expanders were placed subcutaneously, subfascially or submuscularly. Expansion
      was carried out as an outpatient procedure over a period of 6 weeks. 21 of the 25
      patients underwent successful treatment. Failures were due to technical problems,
      extrusion of expanders, haematoma and infection. Tissue expanders are a new
      dimension in reconstructive surgery. They cause stretching of skin and soft
      tissues over a period of time and permit resurfacing of skin defects in difficult
      situations. Complications may be avoided with experience and further refinements
      in the construction of the expanders.

PMID- 3688815
TI  - Microsurgical reconstruction of the upper and lower limbs.
AB  - The availability of a wide variety of free tissue transfers has revolutionised
      and simplified the reconstruction of the upper and lower limbs. These
      microsurgical procedures will continue to provide alternatives for salvaging
      limbs, controlling some infections and resurfacing extensive soft and bony tissue
      defects. Thirteen free tissue transfers consisting of toe pulp, scapular
      cutaneous and latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps were utilised to reconstruct
      the thumb, hand, soft and bony defects of the lower tibial and heel regions. One
      latissimus dorsi flap failed because of severe infections.

PMID- 3688817
TI  - Activities of the RACP in continuing medical education.

PMID- 3688816
TI  - Continuing medical education.
AB  - With the rapid advances in medical science and increasing complexities of patient
      care, the need for continuing medical education (CME) is widely accepted by the
      profession. CME follows general and higher professional training, and should be a
      life long process. Teaching hospitals and postgraduate professional institutions
      play vital roles in organising, promoting, and monitoring this activity. CME
      directorates should be established. University authorities must recognise the
      important role of medical teachers in postgraduate and continuing medical
      education, and the staff establishment and terms of service should be held
      regularly. Medical libraries should have easy borrowing facilities. Self
      assessment and audio-visual material are particularly helpful to the busy
      practitioner and inexpensive local or regional journals of quality can provide
      pertinent and up-to-date information. All charges for attending scientific
      meetings and educational material should be tax deductible or subsidized. The
      effectiveness of CME is difficult to assess and participation is almost
      impossible to enforce. Much depends on the standard of medical practice wanted by
      society. Recertification of general practitioners or specialists poses many
      problems. On the other hand, completion of self-assessment programmes, active
      participation at medical meetings, contributions to scientific literature, and
      membership of medical societies with built-in peer review could be monitored and
      regularly used to evaluate professional status.

PMID- 3688818
TI  - Medical negligence--prevention and management.
AB  - The rising spate of malpractice cases against doctors appearing in the press and
      annual reports of medical insurance companies causes concern. Are our doctors
      more careless or is the public more conscious of litigation? A well publicized
      malpractice case can ruin the doctor's career and practice. It is well worth a
      doctor's while to know the pitfalls and learn how to prevent them, and if a
      mistake happens, how to manage it. Not all mistakes amount to negligence. How
      will the court view these cases? Some local cases are cited to illustrate the
      difference between misadventure and negligence. They will serve as guidelines for
      good medical practice.

PMID- 3688819
TI  - "Informed consent" and disclosure of risks in medical treatment: some recent
      developments.
AB  - This paper discusses the implications for the doctor/patient relationship of the
      House of Lords' decision in Sidaway v Royal Bethlem Hospital (1985). In this
      decision the House of Lords rejected the "informed consent" doctrine developed in
      the United States in relation to the doctor's duty to disclose risks involved in
      medical procedures, favouring an approach in which the matter of disclosure is
      treated as an aspect of the doctor's duty of care towards the patient. The paper
      seeks to criticize this approach on the basis that it does not give sufficient
      protection to the patient's right to decide whether to consent to medical
      procedures.

PMID- 3688820
TI  - Medical jurisprudence in the local context.
AB  - Medical jurisprudence in the local context would require the examination of a
      wide area. This paper focuses on liability producing conduct arising from the
      providing of medical services, other than liability for criminal negligent
      conduct. It examines the circumstances in which the physician-patient
      relationship emerges, in medical jurisprudence as against practice by medical
      practitioners. Tort law is the dominant legal theory, and reference is made to
      some intentional and miscellaneous torts. Implied contracts creating the
      relationship are touched upon, besides the reference to vicarious liability.
      Insanity and diminished responsibility in the criminal law, particularly the
      issue of whether the status quo is satisfactory and reliance on medical reports
      for purposes of treatment under drug laws are examined. Where abortion is
      performed, the question whether the husband has any right to prevent his wife
      from having a lawful abortion is discussed in the local context. Some thoughts on
      the medical (therapy, education and research) Act 1972 are expressed in relation
      to the living body, the corpse and the parts of the human body. The patient's
      right to determination and information in the light of the above legislation is
      also discussed.

PMID- 3688821
TI  - Clinical application of the thymidine incorporation assay.
AB  - An improved method for testing human tumors against chemotherapeutic agents was
      developed. Drug effects were quantitated in the thymidine incorporation assay
      (TIA) by measuring inhibition of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis by the
      proliferating cell population following exposure to anticancer drugs. Results
      were obtained within five days. A total of 480 out of 568 tumors received were
      evaluable for an overall growth rate of 85 percent. Even small biopsy specimens
      could be successfully grown. In 126 correlations with clinical response, the TIA
      had a prediction accuracy for sensitivity of 51 percent and a prediction accuracy
      for resistance of 97 percent. Because it is rapid, has a high growth rate, and is
      not subject to clumping and other cellular artifacts, the TIA represents a
      significant improvement over colony counting assays for predicting drug effects
      in human tumors.

PMID- 3688822
TI  - Videoanalysis of chemokinesis: characterization of speed, persistence and
      orientation in an agarose assay.
AB  - Time-lapse video recording and off-line computer analysis were used to
      characterize the chemokinetic behavior of individual human neutrophils migrating
      in an agarose assay. When neutrophils were stimulated with an isotropic
      concentration of formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP), they migrated with
      a mean speed of 9.6 micron per min and oriented at random. The ratio of net
      displacement to total distance travelled (persistence of locomotion) was 0.66,
      indicating that neutrophils maintained some directional persistence even in the
      absence of a gradient of fMLP. The speed and persistence of locomotion index were
      correlated because both faster and slower cells had high persistence, while only
      slower cells had low persistence. The orientation angle was independent of both
      speed and persistence of locomotion. These are the first reported direct
      measurements of the chemokinetic locomotion of neutrophils using the agarose
      assay.

PMID- 3688823
TI  - Kinematic analysis of chemotaxis of fresh and stored neutrophils.
AB  - When neutrophils are isolated from the circulation the first function to begin to
      deteriorate is chemotaxis. To characterize the loss of chemotaxis that occurs
      during storage, a computer-assisted video motion analysis of neutrophils
      responding to formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) was used in an agarose
      assay. The chemotactic speed, velocity, and orientation angle were measured, and
      a persistence of locomotion index (velocity/speed) and chemotropic index (cosine
      of the orientation angle) were calculated for fresh neutrophils and neutrophils
      stored in plasma at 20 to 22 degrees C for 24 hours. The data reveal that: (1)
      the frequency distribution of speed for individual stored cells had a different
      shape than that of fresh cells owing to a subpopulation of stored cells
      (approximately 35 percent) which migrated at a slower mean speed; (2) the
      frequency distribution of orientation for fresh cells is not normally distributed
      and contains a subpopulation (approximately nine percent of the total) of cells
      which orient at random in a gradient; (3) the precision of orientation of the
      majority of stored cells is comparable to that of fresh cells, but approximately
      35 percent of the stored cells orient at random in a chemoattractant gradient;
      (4) neither the persistence index nor the orientation of both fresh and stored
      cells were correlated with speed; (5) the chemotropic index and persistence index
      are correlated, and this correlation is not altered by storage suggesting that
      stored cells which show decreased persistence also show a decreased chemotropic
      index. It is proposed that neutrophils respond to a gradient of fMLP with either
      fast, persistent, accurately oriented locomotion or slower, less persistent,
      randomly oriented locomotion. In addition to those neutrophils which do not
      migrate in response to fMLP, it is proposed that there are two subpopulations of
      motile neutrophils. Storage at 20 to 22 degrees C induces shifts between these
      three modes of behavior.

PMID- 3688824
TI  - Interpretation of laboratory results using multidimensional scaling and principal
      component analysis.
AB  - Principal component analysis (PCA) and multidimensional scaling (MDS) are a set
      of mathematical techniques which uncover the underlying structure of data by
      examining the relationships between variables. Both MDS and PCA use proximity
      measures such as correlation coefficients or Euclidean distances to generate a
      spatial configuration (map) of points where distances between points reflect the
      relationship between individuals with their underlying set of data.
      Multidimensional scaling, when compared to PCA, gives more readily interpretable
      solutions of lower dimensionality and does not depend on the assumption of a
      linear relationship between variables. Both MDS and PCA were applied to
      electrolyte profiles of patients with acute renal failure and patients without
      apparent disease. The MDS was superior to PCA in separating renal patients from
      normal patients. The one-dimensional and two-dimensional solutions of MDS and PCA
      were compared.

PMID- 3688825
TI  - Measurement of lipid peroxidation products in rabbit brain and organs (response
      to aluminum exposure).
AB  - A method was developed for measuring the concentration of lipid peroxidation
      products in rabbit brain, heart, lung, liver, and kidney tissue. Specimens were
      homogenized in cold buffer, acidified, and heated to near boiling in the presence
      of thiobarbituric acid in order to form the malondialdehyde-thiobarbiturate
      adduct. After centrifugation, the supernatant was injected onto a reversed-phase
      high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) column, and the effluent was monitored
      for absorbance at 532 nm. Absorbances were compared to a standard curve
      constructed from absorbance data for tetraethoxypropane standards, which yield
      stoichiometric amounts of the malondialdehyde-thiobarbiturate adduct. Results
      were expressed as nmol of adduct per gram (dry weight) of tissue. Hippocampus had
      significantly greater concentrations of lipid peroxidation products (79.0 +/-
      15.7 nmol per g) than did brainstem (52.1 +/- 13.8 nmol per g), but there was no
      significant increase in lipid peroxidation in aluminum treated rabbit brains when
      compared with controls. Aluminum intoxication appeared, however, to stimulate
      lipid peroxidation in heart, lung, liver, and kidney. Aluminum accumulation in
      brain and organ tissue of treated rabbits was confirmed by atomic absorption
      spectrophotometry of an acid digest of the homogenate. These results are in
      contrast to previous studies which demonstrated an increase in lipid peroxidation
      products in rat brains following oral administration of aluminum hydroxide.

PMID- 3688826
TI  - Use of cerebrospinal fluid lactic acid concentration in the diagnosis of fungal
      meningitis.
AB  - A patient with a several year history of normal pressure hydrocephalus was found
      to have an infection owing to Cryptococcus neoformans. Cryptococcal infection was
      not suspected until typical cells were observed in a Wright's stained smear of
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). A review of past medical findings in this patient
      showed elevated CSF values for lactic acid and protein. This case prompted us to
      review the use of lactic acid as an indicator of fungal meningitis and compare it
      to other more commonly used nonspecific indicators of fungal meningitis, notably
      the concentrations of glucose and protein, and the number of leukocytes in CSF.
      In our institution, all 10 culturally proven cases of fungal meningitis, for
      which the lactic acid concentration in the CSF was available, were found to have
      an elevated lactic acid concentration (range 3.2 to 13.3 mmol per L vs normal
      range 0.8 to 2.8 mmol per L). No other nonspecific indicator was elevated in all
      10 patients. In view of the poor sensitivity of stained smear or wet preparations
      and cultures, when less than five ml of CSF are used for culture, an elevated
      lactic acid value in a patient with or without signs of meningitis should raise
      the suspicion of fungal infection.

PMID- 3688827
TI  - Genetic distance analysis using DNA polymorphisms in the alpha-globin gene
      cluster.
AB  - Published frequencies for alleles at the alpha- and zeta-globin gene loci within
      the alpha-globin gene cluster were used to calculate genetic distances between
      populations of South East Asia and the Pacific region. When analyses using the
      alpha-globin alleles, populations are grouped according to the endemicity of
      malaria while the groupings derived from the embryonic zeta-globin allele
      frequencies appear to be far less influenced by the incidence of malaria and
      probably reflect ancestral or chance relationships due to founder effects,
      migration and small population sizes.

PMID- 3688828
TI  - Anthropometric variation between migrants and non-migrants: Orkney Islands,
      Scotland.
AB  - Anthropometric measurements on a non-migrant sample consisting of 174 males and
      148 females aged 21 to 75 resident in the Orkney Islands are compared with
      measurements on 91 males and 96 females who migrated as adults to the Aberdeen
      area of Scotland. Covariance analysis, adjusting for age effects, reveals
      differences in a number of anthropometric variables, with migrants showing
      smaller dimensions in several cases. For most variables the differences are more
      marked in females. Significantly smaller values are found in upper arm
      circumference, bicondylar humerus and head breadth in female migrants, and in
      bicondylar humerus in male migrants. Biacromial and head length dimensions are
      significantly greater in female migrants. There is no significant effect of
      duration of residence in the new environment on the anthropometric values of
      migrants.

PMID- 3688829
TI  - Surnames in Ferrara: distribution, isonymy and levels of inbreeding.
AB  - The distributions of surnames in populations of small and large towns are almost
      exactly linearized by a log-log transformation. This indicates probable fit of
      genetic models to most such distributions, even when the number of surnames is
      very large. Genetic parameters can then be conveniently calculated from surname
      distributions. It was found that inbreeding indicators calculated from isonymy
      are negatively correlated with the size of the towns from which the names were
      extracted. It was also found that the levels of inbreeding at present observed in
      Ferrara have little effect on the frequency of homozygotes for the beta
      thalassaemia gene.

PMID- 3688830
TI  - Genetic and environmental sources of variation in physical fitness.
AB  - The technique of path analysis was used to assess inherited and environmental
      variance components in physical fitness indicators measured in 1630 subjects from
      375 families of French descent living in the greater Quebec city area. For that
      purpose, submaximal power output (PWC150/kg), muscular endurance, muscular
      strength, reaction time and movement time were evaluated during a visit of the
      family to the laboratory. Inter-class correlations in various types of relatives
      were computed from scores adjusted for linear and non-linear effects of age and
      sex by a regression procedure (Y = age + sex + (age X sex) + age2). Correlations
      were then used in the path analytic BETA model which allows the partition of
      transmissible variance (t2) into genetic (h2) and cultural (b2) components.
      Results indicated that t2 accounted for 18% (movement time) to 63% (muscular
      strength) of the phenotypic variance. The contribution of genetic factors was
      found to be negligible for PWC150/kg and movement time, and accounted for about
      20% of the phenotypic variance for reaction time and muscular endurance and 30%
      for muscular strength, while non-transmissible variance (1 - t2) accounted for
      37% (muscular strength) to 82% (movement time) of the phenotypic variance. These
      results suggest that biological variation observed in the physical fitness level
      of a healthy population is mainly associated with non-transmissible environment
      factors and that the contribution of heredity is moderate and clearly lower than
      previously reported.

PMID- 3688831
TI  - Longitudinal study of maximal aerobic power in teenagers.
AB  - On the basis of measurement of maximal aerobic power (VO2max) over a period of
      four years in a teenage population of boys (N = 102) and girls (N = 133), we
      studied the growth of VO2max in absolute values and in relative values: relative
      to whole body mass (VO2max/BM), to fat-free mass (VO2max/LBM) and to height
      squared (VO2max/H2). The changes in VO2max were studied in relation to
      chronological age (CA), skeletal age (SA), and age relative to peak height
      velocity (PA). Since no significant testing or measuring effects could be
      demonstrated and the reproducibility was high, the longitudinal design seems
      adequate to trace individual growth curves of VO2max. With CA VO2max increases in
      boys from 2.41/min at age 12+ to 3.81/min at age 17+. The increase in girls is
      less, from 2.31/min to 2.71/min over the same age range. VO2max/BM remained
      constant in boys (591/min.kg) and in girls it gradually decreased from 50 at age
      12+ to 45 ml/min.kg at age 17+. The decrease in girls has been caused partly by
      an increase in body fat. When VO2max is aligned on PA, the results show that the
      peak increase coincides roughly with the age at peak height velocity. It
      demonstrates that in general in boys and girls during their teens no discrepancy
      between structural and functional growth occurs as far as VO2max is concerned.

PMID- 3688832
TI  - Correlation of arm-span and height in young women of two races.
AB  - This paper presents the results of an anthropometric study of 55 black and 74
      white females, ages 23-28 years, employed by a state agency in North Carolina.
      All subjects were measured for height and arm-span. Correlations of the two
      measures were obtained for each race independently, and differences between the
      two races were examined. Correlation of arm-span and height for black subjects
      was 0.776 and for white subjects was 0.894. Analysis of covariance revealed
      significant (P less than or equal to 0.001) interaction between race and the
      relationship between arm-span and height.

PMID- 3688833
TI  - Observations of the changes in standing height at the time of puberty.
AB  - In an investigation of the growth patterns of 76 children attending an
      orthodontic clinic, measurements of standing height were used to study the
      adolescent growth spurt. Growth curves were fitted to the data by a graphical
      method, and also by fitting a Preece-Baines model. Both methods produced similar
      values for age at peak height velocity (PHV), but the graphical method produced
      higher values for peak velocity. Compared to the results obtained by fitting
      Preece-Baines curves to a sample from the Harpenden data, the South-east Essex
      children appear to be attaining significantly higher peak velocities. There was,
      however, no real difference in the values for age at PHV.

PMID- 3688834
TI  - Chromosomal assignment of the gene encoding the human tissue inhibitor of
      metalloproteinases to Xp11.1-p11.4.
AB  - The tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) is thought to play a regulatory
      role in connective tissues by forming inactive complexes with those
      metalloproteinases that are normally responsible for connective tissue turnover.
      The human gene encoding TIMP has been mapped to the X chromosome in the region
      Xp11.1-p11.4.

PMID- 3688835
TI  - Natural selection associated with birth weight. V. The secular relaxation of the
      stabilizing component.
AB  - The secular trend of stabilizing selection on birth weight has been studied
      during the last decades in 17 countries, representative of America, Asia and
      Europe. A relaxation of the intensity of selection is regularly observed, which
      can probably be attributed to a progressive reduction of the environmental
      component of birth weight variance.

PMID- 3688837
TI  - Tests of gene order from three-locus linkage data.
AB  - Exact tests for gene order are derived and compared for three loci using linkage
      data from phase-known, completely informative marker loci (i.e. parents are
      heterozygotes with at most one allele identical at each locus), or from triple
      back-cross matings. A simulation method, based on resampling genotypes of
      children, is introduced to obtain approximations to the distribution of the test
      statistics for general mating types in families consisting of children and
      parents, with or without grandparents, as are used in many studies in human gene
      mapping. The method is illustrated by an application to linkage data on
      chromosome 13.

PMID- 3688836
TI  - The use of measured genotype information in the analysis of quantitative
      phenotypes in man. III. Simultaneous estimation of the frequencies and effects of
      the apolipoprotein E polymorphism and residual polygenetic effects on
      cholesterol, betalipoprotein and triglyceride levels.
AB  - We have begun a measured genotype approach to the genetic analysis of lipid and
      lipoprotein variability. This approach enables one to simultaneously estimate the
      frequencies and effects of alleles at specific loci along with the residual
      polygenetic variance component. In this study we consider the contribution of
      three common alleles at the locus coding for apolipoprotein E to interindividual
      variation of total cholesterol, betalipoprotein, and triglyceride levels. A
      sample of 102 nuclear families consisting of 434 individuals was studied. The
      frequencies of the epsilon 2, epsilon 3, and epsilon 4 alleles in this sample are
      0.137, 0.740, and 0.123, respectively. In separate analyses of cholesterol and
      betalipoprotein levels, a complete model that includes the effects of the six apo
      E genotypes, unmeasured polygenes, and individual specific environmental effects
      fits these data significantly better than a reduced model that does not include
      the effects of the apo E polymorphism or a reduced model that does not include
      the effects of polygenes. On the average the epsilon 2 allele lowers total
      cholesterol and betalipoprotein levels by 0.425 mmol/l and 0.811 units,
      respectively. The epsilon 4 allele is associated with an average increase of
      these phenotypes by 0.255 mmol/l and 0.628 units, respectively. Simultaneous
      estimates of the interindividual variability of total cholesterol levels
      attributable to the apo E polymorphism and to residual polygenic effects are 8%
      and 56%, respectively. For betalipoprotein levels, we simultaneously estimate
      these values to be 7% and 42%, respectively. A reduced model including the
      effects of polygenes but not the effects of the apo E polymorphism fitted the
      triglyceride data as well as the complete model. The estimate of the fraction of
      interindividual variability associated with polygenetic effects was 26.5%. We
      review our present understanding of the genetic architecture underlying
      variability of cholesterol levels in the population at large and infer that the
      majority of the genetic variability may be accounted for by polymorphic gene loci
      with moderate effects on cholesterol levels.

PMID- 3688838
TI  - The locus ordering problem.
AB  - Studies of phenotypes defined by codominant alleles at two or more loci in three
      generation families allow haplotypes to be deduced. These data are easily
      summarized by the Mendelian convention of upper and lower case, with case
      defining phase rather than nature. In two-generation families haplotypes may be
      inferred with high precision for closely linked loci even if an allele at one
      locus is recessive. Coding procedures are discussed and a simple solution to
      inferring the most likely order of three or more loci, and defining its
      likelihood compared with other orders, is presented.

PMID- 3688839
TI  - Maximum likelihood estimation of components of variance and correlations in the
      analysis of family data.
AB  - A simple iterative method is developed for computing the maximum likelihood
      estimates of the components of variance and thereby the intraclass and interclass
      correlations, under multivariate normal assumptions involving two classes. The
      method works efficiently for both balanced and unbalanced data and can be readily
      extended to situations involving three or more classes. It is particularly
      suitable for application to studies of quantitative variables in genetics and is
      illustrated by using some dermatoglyphic data.

PMID- 3688840
TI  - Tests of order in multipoint linkage.

PMID- 3688841
TI  - Antiviral effects of Melia azedarach L. leaves extracts on Sindbis virus-infected
      cells.
AB  - Partially purified extracts from leaves of Melia azedarach L. (MA) exert a broad
      range of antiviral effects on DNA and RNA viruses. The effect of MA on different
      stages of Sindbis virus replicative cycle in BHK cells was investigated. Under
      one-step growth conditions MA afforded a greater than 90% inhibition in virus
      yield if added to the cell cultures 2 h before or after infection, and when added
      4 h after infection MA still caused a greater than 80% inhibition. Analysis of
      early events following Sindbis virus infection showed that MA did not affect
      viral adsorption to or penetration in BHK cell. In contrast, viral RNA and
      protein synthesis was almost totally inhibited in cells pretreated with MA 2 h
      before infection, while cellular macromolecular synthesis was similar in MA
      treated and untreated cell cultures.

PMID- 3688842
TI  - Effects of chronic paraventricular nucleus infusion of clonidine and alpha-methyl
      para-tyrosine on macronutrient intake.
AB  - Earlier studies have demonstrated that acute injections of norepinephrine (NE)
      and clonidine (CLON) into the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) elicit feeding in
      satiated rats. This study examined the effects of chronic PVN infusion of alpha
      methyl-paratyrosine (alpha-MpT), a catecholamine synthesis inhibitor, on intake
      of a mixed milk-mash diet and on the ingestion of pure macronutrients, protein,
      carbohydrate and fat. The impact of chronic CLON administration on intake of
      these macronutrient preparations was also investigated. Over a 14-day period,
      chronic infusion of alpha-MpT (50 nmoles/30 sec/0.5 microliter) resulted in a
      reduction of total daily food intake in rats maintained on a milk-mash diet.
      Chronic administration of CLON (3 nmoles/30 sec/0.5 microliters) was observed to
      produce a specific increase in ingestion of the carbohydrate, along with a
      suppression in the intakes of the protein and fat. These results are similar to
      those previously demonstrated for NE. In contrast, chronic infusion of alpha-MpT
      into the PVN caused a specific reduction of carbohydrate consumption and an
      enhancement of protein ingestion, with fat intake unaffected. This evidence
      suggests that the alpha 2-noradrenergic system of the PVN plays an important role
      in the daily regulation of macronutrient intake, specifically of carbohydrate.

PMID- 3688843
TI  - Gastrointestinal motility in relation to spontaneous meal occurrence in domestic
      fowls.
AB  - The relationship between gastrointestinal (GI) motility and spontaneous feeding
      activity was investigated in five immature domestic hens, by recording
      simultaneously their feeding and contraction of the gizzard and duodenum.
      Different parameters of GI motility were interrelated, and gizzard contraction
      frequency (GCF) was used as an overall index of motility. Significant (P less
      than 0.05) changes in GCF relative to mealtimes varied between individual birds
      and between different meal length classes. The most consistent change was a rapid
      increase in GCF at the start of meals, followed by a decline which usually
      commenced before the end of long meals, but after the end of shorter ones. The
      increase in GCF commenced before the start of meals in one bird which had longer
      inter-meal intervals than the rest. There were no consistent changes in GCF at
      the ends of intervals or meals that might suggest a causal association between
      motility and hunger and satiety. It is suggested that the observed variation in
      GI motility may be accounted for mainly by variation in extrinsic stimulation
      from the vagus nerve.

PMID- 3688844
TI  - Rapid loss of stimulus-specific satiety after consumption of a second food.
AB  - 'Meals' consisting of several differently flavoured 'courses' result in greater
      consumption than meals consisting of identical courses. Experiment 1 confirmed
      that this effect is found in rats during the dark phase of a LD 12:12 cycle. Two
      subsequent experiments demonstrated that meals consisting of three or four
      courses in which only two flavours were alternated produced as great an
      enhancement of consumption as meals in which each course was differently
      flavoured. The implications of this result are discussed for the nature of the
      processes underlying the generation and reversal of this stimulus-specific aspect
      of satiety.

PMID- 3688845
TI  - Effects of haemodialysis on taste and thirst.
AB  - Fifteen patients undergoing haemodialysis tasted soup varying in salt
      concentration and apple puree varying in sucrose concentration, immediately
      before and after dialysis. Matched controls tasted the same foods with a similar
      interval between tastings. The samples were rated for intensity, and on a
      relative-to-ideal scale. For the salt, the slopes of the functions plotted
      against log (concentration) were higher after dialysis than before, whilst the
      most preferred concentration was lower. There were no effects found for the
      sweetness ratings or for the controls. Likewise there were no overall differences
      in the ratings between the patients and controls. Thirst was found to increase on
      dialysis, and there was a trend of this being higher for the patients than for
      the controls. The reduction in preferences for salt by dialysis would make
      compliance with a reduced salt diet easier, but the increase in thirst would make
      compliance with reduced fluid intake more difficult.

PMID- 3688846
TI  - Diurnal feeding and drinking patterns of adult cats as affected by changes in the
      level of fat in the diet.
AB  - A continuous on-line computerized monitoring system was used to measure food and
      water intake patterns of mature cats during consecutive low-fat (3 week) or high
      fat (3 week) feeding. Cats consumed less of the high-fat than the low-fat diet
      such that their mean daily gross energy intake was the same for both diets. It
      was concluded that cats regulate their daily food intake on the basis of energy
      density. High-fat substitution caused a reduction in the quantity of food
      consumed in the dark cycle. There was no apparent change in either the light- or
      dark-cycle meal frequency, both the light- and dark-cycle average meal size were
      curtailed. Water intake did not vary significantly between low- and high-fat
      diets. There was no significant difference in number of drinking bouts or average
      bout volume for the low- and high-fat diets in both the light and dark cycles.
      Two diet-choice trials produced no clear preference for the low- or high-fat
      diet. It appears that the fat content, independent of flavor components or
      physical consistency, has little effect on dietary preference of the cat.

PMID- 3688847
TI  - Non-reinforcing effects of giving 'dessert' in rats.
AB  - We investigated in rats whether giving a sweet substance following a food (a
      'dessert') would reinforce a preference for that food. The sweet substance had
      the reverse effect--rats preference for a flavor decreased if the flavor was
      given in a food preceding a sweet substance (saccharin or sucrose). If the
      substances were given in the reverse order, so the sweet substance preceded the
      food, the rats preferred a sweet substance that had been followed by food to one
      that had not been followed by food. We suggested two hypotheses to account for
      the data. Perhaps the sweet substance elicits a negative reaction that is
      unpleasant unless food is given. Thus, food following a sweet substance is
      reinforcing, while a sweet substance following food is not. A not incompatible
      alternative is that anticipatory contrast or comparison effects are involved.
      Assuming the sweet substance is preferred to the non-sweet, following food by a
      sweet substance could make the food less valued (anticipatory negative contrast),
      whereas following a sweet substance by food could make the sweet substance more
      valued (anticipatory positive contrast).

PMID- 3688848
TI  - Regulatory control and standardization of allergenic extracts. Fourth
      International Paul-Ehrlich-Seminar. October 16-17, 1985, Washington.

PMID- 3688849
TI  - The effect of the quality of source materials on reference preparations.

PMID- 3688850
TI  - The advantages of isotachophoresis for identification and characterization of
      allergen extracts.

PMID- 3688851
TI  - National laboratories' reference preparations criteria and availability.

PMID- 3688852
TI  - "Manufacturers' practical consequences of the existence of external standards
      such as IS".

PMID- 3688853
TI  - Manufacturers' criteria for in-house references.

PMID- 3688854
TI  - Biologic standardization--the HEP unit.

PMID- 3688855
TI  - Selection of source materials for reference preparations of mites.

PMID- 3688856
TI  - Problems of allergen standardization.

PMID- 3688857
TI  - Potency units for allergenic extracts in the USA.

PMID- 3688859
TI  - International units.

PMID- 3688858
TI  - Biological standardization based on quantitative skin testing--the ID50 EAL
      method (intradermal dilution for 50 mm sum of erythema diameters determines the
      allergy unit).

PMID- 3688860
TI  - Allergen preparations in Sweden.

PMID- 3688861
TI  - Control of allergenic extracts in Canada.

PMID- 3688862
TI  - Status of allergen regulation in Norway. Statement to the "round table discussion
      on implementation of regulatory references and methods"--allergen registration.

PMID- 3688863
TI  - Allergen regulation in the United States.

PMID- 3688864
TI  - Development of methods for the characterization of allergens relevant to India.

PMID- 3688865
TI  - Design of protocols to evaluate the safety and efficacy of allergenic extracts.

PMID- 3688866
TI  - Design of protocols to evaluate the efficacy of allergenic extracts and allergy
      tests.

PMID- 3688867
TI  - Selection of source materials for preparation of mammalian allergens.

PMID- 3688868
TI  - A review of peanut chemistry. Implications for the standardization of peanut
      extracts.

PMID- 3688869
TI  - Apple as an allergen source material.

PMID- 3688870
TI  - Laboratory tests on the stability of biological reference preparations.

PMID- 3688871
TI  - Determination of the stability of allergenic extracts by intradermal skin
      testing.

PMID- 3688872
TI  - Extraction procedures for pollen reference preparations.

PMID- 3688873
TI  - Differential rates of allergen release: an important consideration in the
      preparation of allergenic extracts.

PMID- 3688874
TI  - Extraction procedures for reference preparations.

PMID- 3688875
TI  - Selections of source materials for reference preparations of molds.

PMID- 3688876
TI  - U.S. reference preparations. Criteria and availability.

PMID- 3688877
TI  - National laboratories' reference preparations. Criteria and availability UK.

PMID- 3688878
TI  - Production and testing of a proposed reference preparation of the purified main
      allergen from castor beans.

PMID- 3688879
TI  - Isolation and partial amino acid sequence of three subunit species of porcine
      spleen ferritin: evidence of multiple H subunits.
AB  - A partial amino acid sequence for three different subunits of the iron storage
      protein, ferritin, has been determined. Ferritin (Mr approximately 480,000) was
      isolated from porcine spleen and dissociated into its component subunits (Mr
      approximately 20,000). The subunits, in turn, were separated into three fractions
      by reversed-phase HPLC. The fractions appeared to be of equal size by
      sedimentation velocity, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis, and size-exclusion chromatography in 6 M guanidinium chloride.
      All three fractions were shown to be monomeric and to have no covalently attached
      carbohydrate (J. F. Collawn et al. (1984) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 233, 260-266).
      Determination of the amino acid sequence of the C-terminal 70-80 residues from
      each of the fractions demonstrated three different sequences. Comparison with
      human liver H and L subunit sequences indicates that two of the porcine ferritin
      subunits are H-type subunits and one is an L-type subunit. Application of the
      Chou-Fasman algorithm on the three partial sequences suggests that these
      respective regions from each of the three subunits would probably adopt the same
      conformation.

PMID- 3688880
TI  - Effect of orally administered secondary autoxidation products of linoleic acid on
      carbohydrate metabolism in rat liver.
AB  - The effects of orally administered secondary autoxidation products of linoleic
      acid in rat liver were investigated. Their administration led to two toxic
      effects on hepatic carbohydrate metabolism, as compared to the administration of
      saline or linoleic acid used as controls. One effect was depletion of glucose 6
      phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate caused by the reduction of glycolysis and
      glycogenolysis, accompanied by decreases in glycogen synthesis and pentose
      phosphate cyclic activity. The reduction in these metabolic systems seems
      unlikely to occur because phosphofructokinase was regulated by ATP or citrate
      enzymatically, because their accumulation in the liver was not detected in the
      secondary products. Another toxic effect was the depletion of oxaloacetate and
      isocitrate caused by the reduction in enzyme activity of the mitochondrial
      citrate cycle. On the basis of these results, the hepatotoxic effects of
      secondary products are discussed as follows: the incorporated secondary products
      impaired the activities of hexokinase and phosphoglucomutase in the liver. The
      reduction in these enzyme activities resulted in the depletion of glucose 6
      phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate, which led ultimately to decreases in the
      activities of phosphofructokinase, the pentose phosphate cycle, and glycogen
      synthesis. Moreover, the secondary products disturbed the mitochondrial membrane,
      resulting in a decrease in the activity of the citrate cycle, which was
      accompanied by depletion of its metabolites.

PMID- 3688882
TI  - Metabolism of S-3-hydroxybutyrate in the perfused rat liver.
AB  - The metabolism of millimolar concentrations of S-3-hydroxybutyrate (the unnatural
      enantiomer) has been studied in perfused livers from fed and starved rats.
      Protocols were designed to test whether S-3-hydroxybutyrate is metabolized in the
      cytosol or in the mitochondria via a racemase, a dehydrogenase, or a ligase. Our
      data show that only a minor fraction of S-3-hydroxybutyrate metabolism could
      occur via L-3-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase. Most of the metabolism of S-3
      hydroxybutyrate proceeds via mitochondrial activation. In rat liver, S-3
      hydroxybutyrate is converted to physiological ketone bodies (i.e., R-3
      hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, acetone), lipids, and CO2. Carbons from S-3
      hydroxybutyrate are transferred from the mitochondria to the cytosol mostly via
      citrate and the citrate cleavage pathway.

PMID- 3688881
TI  - Rat brain cathepsin L: characterization and differentiation from cathepsin B
      utilizing opioid peptides.
AB  - The specificity of purified rat brain cathepsin L (EC 3.4.22.15) was mapped by
      the use of synthetic and opioid peptides and some properties were compared to rat
      brain cathepsin B, rat kidney cathepsin L, and bovine spleen cathepsin C. Brain
      and kidney cathepsin L cleaved leucine or methionine enkephalin (LE or ME) at the
      Gly-Gly bond to release Tyr-Gly and Gly-Phe-Leu (-Met). In studies on pro
      opioids, the brain enzyme also recognized Met-Arg, Arg-Arg, and Arg-Ile bonds;
      the best substrates on a relative basis were ME-Arg-Phe, LE- or ME-Arg-Arg, and
      LE-Arg-Arg-Ile. Measurement of kinetic values in relation to the sites of opioid
      cleavage provided a basis to differentiate brain cathepsins B and L. Cathepsin L
      acted with high affinity toward LE to cleave Gly2-Gly3 (Km 82.5 microM, kcat 2034
      min-1), in contrast to low affinity cleavage by cathepsin B at Gly3-Phe4. Kapp,
      the second-order rate constant of enzyme inactivation by Z-Phe-Phe-CHN2 with LE
      as substrate was 31,530 M-1 s-1 or 10(3) higher than its effect on cathepsin B
      mediated hydrolysis of ME-Arg-Phe at the Met-Arg site. Gly-Gly cleavage by
      cathepsin L was blocked by D-Ala2, did not require the presence of free end
      groups, and was the only site recognized within opioid peptides having a C
      terminal Arg-COOH. The use of opioid peptides as substrates provides further
      insight into cathepsin L specificity. For these the susceptible sites were
      flanked primarily by hydrophobic and aromatic groups at P2, P2' or P3'.

PMID- 3688883
TI  - Purification of phospholipase D from citrus callus tissue.
AB  - Phospholipase D in extracts of soluble proteins from callus cultures derived from
      cotyledons of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck is activated by Ca2+ and anionic
      detergents and has a pH optimum of 6.5. The enzyme was purified 703-fold over the
      crude protein extract with a yield of 15% by ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion
      exchange chromatography, gel filtration, hydrophobic interaction chromatography,
      and preparative acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Preparative electrophoresis was
      carried out using conventional slab gel equipment and electroelution of the
      sliced gel. Analytical sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      of the purified phospholipase revealed two bands of the same staining intensity
      running at 94.2K and 90.5K.

PMID- 3688884
TI  - Vitamin E remains the major lipid-soluble, chain-breaking antioxidant in human
      plasma even in individuals suffering severe vitamin E deficiency.
AB  - The chain-breaking (peroxyl radical-trapping) antioxidant activity of plasma
      obtained from several patients with a very severe vitamin E deficiency has been
      measured. The total chain-breaking antioxidant activity in lipid extracts has
      been shown to be approximately equal to the concentration of vitamin E. For whole
      plasma there is no significant difference in the concentrations of water-soluble,
      chain-breaking antioxidants between the E-deficient patients and healthy adults.
      It is concluded that even in cases of very severe vitamin E deficiency the
      requirement for this vitamin is not met by some other exogenous or endogenous
      antioxidant.

PMID- 3688885
TI  - Further observations on the effect of calcium ionophores on ascites tumor cells.
AB  - The effect of the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin on neoplastic thymocytes in comparison
      to its effect on normal thymus cells was studied. Ionomycin increases
      intracellular Ca2+ in normal lymphocytes but fails to increase Ca2+ in neoplastic
      thymocytes. In these cells the ionophore causes a transient increase in cytosolic
      free Ca2+. The lack of effect of ionomycin reproduces that of A23187, but it does
      not depend on reduced availability of intracellular Mg2+ to exchange with Ca2+;
      it appears to depend on the strong activity of the plasma membrane Ca2+-extruding
      pump that counteracts ionomycin permeabilization and that can be partly inhibited
      by the calmodulin inhibitor R24571 (calmidazolium). Neoplastic thymocytes show a
      high content of magnesium, the intracellular binding of which is efficiently
      regulated by endogenous ATP. The data show also an interesting correlation
      between the regulation of energy metabolism (aerobic glycolysis) and cation
      homeostasis in the neoplastic cells studied.

PMID- 3688887
TI  - Oxalic acid biosynthesis and oxalacetate acetylhydrolase activity in Streptomyces
      cattleya.
AB  - In addition to producing the antibiotic thienamycin, Streptomyces cattleya
      accumulates large amounts of oxalic acid during the course of a fermentation.
      Washed cell suspensions were utilized to determine the specific incorporation of
      carbon-14 into oxalate from a number of labeled organic and amino acids. L-[U
      14C]aspartate proved to be the best precursor, whereas only a small percentage of
      label from [1,5-14C]citrate was found in oxalate. Cell-free extracts catalyzed
      the formation of [14C]oxalate and [14C]acetate from L-[U-14C]aspartate. When L-[4
      14C]aspartate was the substrate only [14C]acetate was formed. The cell-free
      extracts were found to contain oxalacetate acetylhydrolase (EC 3.7.1.1), the
      enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of oxalacetate to oxalate and acetate. The
      enzyme is constitutive and is analogous to enzymes in fungi that produce oxalate
      from oxalacetate. Properties of the crude enzyme were examined.

PMID- 3688886
TI  - Lipid peroxidation is not the cause of lysis of human erythrocytes exposed to
      inorganic or methylmercury.
AB  - Exposure of human erythrocytes in a 50% hematocrit to 0.5-1 mM Hg2+ initiated
      immediate hemolysis which proceeded at a constant rate without any formation of
      lipid hydroperoxides. Treatment of 0.03% hematocrits with 0.4 ppm of Hg2+ or 40
      ppm of methylmercury caused rapid hemolysis after a short lag period. The
      kinetics of the process were unaltered by saturation of the cell suspensions with
      oxygen, by its replacement with He or CO, or by variation in the level of vitamin
      E in the membranes. The results show that peroxidation of erythrocyte membrane
      lipids is not the cause of hemolysis induced by either Hg2+ or methylmercury.

PMID- 3688888
TI  - Isolation, molecular and biological properties of a lectin from rice embryo:
      relationship with wheat germ agglutinin properties.
AB  - Rice lectin (Oryza sativa, var. Balilla 28) was purified from defatted embryos by
      aqueous acid extraction at pH 1.3 followed by ammonium sulfate precipitation
      between 2 and 4 M, affinity chromatography on agarose-p-aminophenyl-beta-D-N
      acetylglucosamine, and gel filtration on AcA 54. The homogeneity of the lectin
      was checked by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, gel filtration, and
      immunodiffusion. The amino acid analysis revealed a high half-cystine content
      (9%) and a low aromatic and hydrophobic amino acid content. The lectin contained
      neither neutral carbohydrates nor amino sugars. The isoelectric point was
      estimated to be 8.1. The molecular weight of rice lectin was estimated to be
      38,000. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing
      conditions showed two polypeptides with Mr 19,000 and 15,000. The circular
      dichroism spectrum of rice lectin in far ultraviolet was characterized by a
      positive maximum at 228 nm and a negative band at 203 nm suggesting the presence
      of a beta-pleated sheet and the absence of alpha-helix. Rice lectin had no human
      blood group specificity and agglutinated rabbit erythrocytes more efficiently
      than erythrocytes from other animal species. Furthermore, agglutination was
      enhanced by trypsin treatment of erythrocytes. The erythroagglutinating activity
      was very high since the minimal concentration needed to agglutinate erythrocytes
      was 0.05 micrograms/ml. Although [methyl-3H]thymidine incorporation was
      stimulated in human lymphocytes, rice lectin could not be considered as a
      mitogenic lectin since it stimulated neither blast transformation nor lymphocyte
      proliferation. The saccharide specificity of rice lectin was related to N
      acetylglucosamine and its oligomers: N,N',N"-triacetylchitotriose was the most
      powerful inhibitor. Furthermore, the N-acetylneuraminic acid was not a specific
      rice determinant. Finally, the double immunodiffusion method revealed a cross
      reactivity between rice lectin and wheat germ agglutinin, indicating that these
      lectins were closely antigenically related. The analogies and differences between
      biological and immunological properties of rice lectin and wheat germ agglutinin
      are discussed and the possibility of their evolution from a common ancestor is
      put forward.

PMID- 3688889
TI  - Purification and partial characterization of elastase activity from rat alveolar
      and peritoneal macrophages.
AB  - Macrophage elastase was purified from conditioned media from alveolar and
      thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages. The enzyme was purified to
      apparent electrophoretic homogeneity by preparative isoelectric focusing after a
      purification step consisting of low ionic strength dialysis and sequential batch
      fractionation on DEAE-Sephadex A-50. The proteinase activities isolated from
      alveolar and peritoneal macrophages showed the same physical and biochemical
      properties. This fact suggests that the same enzyme activity is present in rat
      macrophages of two different anatomical sites. The molecular weight and
      isoelectric point of the enzyme were estimated to be 22,500 and 8.3,
      respectively. The enzyme, characterized as a metallo proteinase, had elastolytic
      activity, as well as activity toward Suc-(Ala)3-NA. It is inhibited by o
      phenanthroline, chicken ovoinhibitor, and EDTA, but not by phenylmethylsulfonyl
      fluoride or soybean trypsin inhibitor. The macrophage enzyme possesses
      biochemical and biophysical properties different from the rat pancreatic and
      granulocyte elastases (which are serine proteinases), and from the metallo
      proteinase with elastolytic activity isolated from rat platelets.

PMID- 3688890
TI  - [Evaluation of CDDP administration into the body cavity].
AB  - CDDP (100 mg bolus) was administered into the body cavity for cancerous pleural
      effusion and ascites, and its effectiveness and pharmacokinetics were studied.
      The cases treated consisted of 7 of gastric cancer, 1 of pancreas cancer, 2 of
      lung cancer and 2 of breast cancer. A decrease in body cavity fluid was observed
      in all cases. The cases in which treatment was effective were broken down into CR
      2 cases, PR 8 cases and NC 2 cases, the efficacy rate being 83%. This procedure
      produced distinctly fewer side effects than intravenous administration.
      Disturbance of renal function and G.I. symptoms were negligible, but anemia was
      often found. The free-CDDP levels in the body cavity fluid remained of over 1.0
      microgram/ml after 12 hours and those in plasma remained after 1 hour.
      Intracavitary administration thus seems an excellent method that enables a drug
      to act on cancer cells directly at high concentrations over many hours.

PMID- 3688891
TI  - [Cyclophosphamide, adriamycin and cisplatinum combination chemotherapy for
      advanced urothelial and prostatic carcinoma].
AB  - Between 1980 and 1985, 17 patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma and 13 with
      metastatic prostatic carcinoma refractory to hormonal therapy were treated with a
      combination chemotherapy of cyclophosphamide (CPM), adriamycin (ADM) and cis
      diammine-dichloroplatinum (CDDP) to evaluate its antitumor effect and toxicity.
      ADM (1 mg/kg) on day 1, CPM (2 mg/kg) on days 2 through 5 and CDDP (1.5 mg/kg) on
      days 6 and 7 were administered every 3 weeks. Of the 17 patients with urothelial
      carcinoma, 13 were eligible for evaluation. One patient achieved CR with a
      disease-free interval lasting for 29 months, one showed PR (duration of response
      2 months), 4 NC and 7 PD, with an overall response rate of 15% (2/13). Of the 13
      patients with prostatic carcinoma, 11 could be evaluated. No patients achieved
      CR, one had PR (duration of response 5 months), 2 NC and 8 PD, with an overall
      response rate of 9% (1/11). No statistically significant difference in survival
      was noted between responders (CR + PR) and non-responders (NC + PD) to the
      combination chemotherapy, irrespective of whether they had metastatic urothelial
      or prostatic carcinoma. Myelosuppression was frequently noted, with sepsis
      occurring in one patient. No mortality attributable directly to this regimen was
      noted.

PMID- 3688892
TI  - [Therapeutic results in recurrent breast cancer with the use of Bestrabucil
      (KM2210)].
AB  - We administered Bestrabucil, a benzoate ester of a complex of beta-estradiol and
      chlorambucil, continuously to six patients with breast cancer recurrent to local
      and regional lymph nodes, at a dose level of 200 mg/day. Of these six cases, one
      achieved CR, two PR, one MR, and two were NC. The drug was thus effective in 50%
      of the cases, with mild side effects. At the same time, since the concentration
      transfer to lymph nodes was satisfactory, Bestrabucil was thought to be an
      effective drug for the treatment of locally recurrent breast cancer.

PMID- 3688893
TI  - [Ifosfamide treatment for children with malignant tumor].
AB  - Seven drugs were administered to nude mice with transplanted TNB9 neuroblastoma.
      DTIC, cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide were the first-line drugs against TNB9.
      Chemotherapy including ifosfamide was effective to three of six children with
      malignant solid tumor resistant to cisplatin and/or cyclophosphamide. Two of the
      patients who were pretreated with radiotherapy were found to have hemorrhagic
      cystitis after ifosfamide administration. It therefore seems that chemotherapy
      with ifosfamide should be withheld after radiotherapy.

PMID- 3688894
TI  - [Antiemetic effects of MS-5080 associated with cisplatin chemotherapy--an attempt
      in assessment based on the sample score system using multivariate analysis].
AB  - Effect of a new antiemetic drug, MS-5080 was evaluated against nausea and
      vomiting induced by chemotherapy including cisplatin. Fifty patients with various
      urological malignancies were registered into this study, which were distributed
      to the aliquot number with a respective dose schedule of 2, 3, 4 and 5 mg/kg body
      weight of MS-5080. Forty-seven patients with a total of 73 chemotherapeutic
      courses were eligible for evaluation of antiemetic efficacy, whereas the side
      effect of MS-5080 were evaluated in 48 patients with a total of 74 courses.
      Antiemetic efficacy was evaluated in terms of duration of nausea, duration of
      vomiting, duration of food intolerance, and the number of vomiting episodes. No
      statistically significant difference was observed in relation to the dose
      dependency of MS-5080. In assessment of the side effects, a relatively high
      incidence of diarrhea was observed compared to the other known antiemetic drugs.
      In the present study, we attempted an evaluation based on the sample score system
      using multivariate analysis. The results were correlated well with results of a
      grading system of efficacy that were determined by each physician who treated the
      patients.

PMID- 3688895
TI  - [A case of relapsed pulmonary carcinoma showing an interesting chemotherapeutic
      course].
AB  - A patient with relapsed primary pulmonary carcinoma (T2N0M0 Stage II
      adenocarcinoma) showing contralateral metastasis after 4 postoperative years was
      given Carboquone (CQ), Cisplatin (CDDP) and OK-432, and positive therapeutic
      results were obtained. However, aggravation ensued and so UFT was given in
      combination with the above chemotherapy, resulting in repeatedly good results.
      The details of this case of relapsed pulmonary carcinoma, which was resistant to
      chemotherapy but showed positive therapeutic results with combined use of UFT,
      are reported.

PMID- 3688896
TI  - [Successful chemotherapy with adriamycin and methotrexate in a case of advanced
      transitional cell carcinoma of the ureter--a clinical application of subrenal
      capsule assay].
AB  - A case of advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the left ureter was treated
      with a combination of adriamycin and methotrexate. These drugs were selected
      using the subrenal capsule assay for which tumor tissues were obtained from a
      biopsy specimen of the left supraclavicular lymph node. Complete regression of
      left supraclavicular lymph node metastasis and 90% regression of para-aortic
      lymph node metastasis were obtained after four courses of the combination
      therapy. Subsequently, left total nephro-uretrectomy and retroperitoneal lymph
      node dissection were carried out. Pathological examination revealed the remains
      of tumor cells in the primary lesion and in the para-aortic lymph node. The tumor
      tissues obtained from the para-aortic lymph node were not susceptible to
      adriamycin and methotrexate. However, the tendency of the regression rates in the
      drug-treated groups was the same as that apparent before chemotherapy. Three
      courses of the same regimen as that given before surgery were then prescribed.
      The patient is currently alive with no evidence of disease. We therefore suggest
      the usefulness of the subrenal capsule assay for predictive chemosensitivity
      testing.

PMID- 3688897
TI  - [Complications due to high-dose OK-432 administration into tumors and the
      peritoneal cavity in patients with advanced gastric cancer].
AB  - It has been assumed that a high dose of OK-432 can be safely injected into tumor
      tissues or intraperitoneally under general anesthesia. Among 40 patients with
      advanced carcinoma of the stomach, high doses of OK-432 were injected into the
      tumor in six and intraperitoneally in 34. Circulatory shock associated with
      subsequent disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) developed within 3 days
      in one of the former and in two of the latter group. Hypovolemic shock was
      initially considered to indicate that hypovolemia actually existed in these three
      patients. However, the shock state with DIC persisted even after the blood volume
      had been corrected. Gram-negative bacteremia was verified in two of the patients.
      The shock and DIC seen in these patients could have been attributed to septicemia
      through either the necrotic tumor or the intestinal wall showing increased
      permeability as a result of the drug. When and if a high dose of OK-432 is
      administered locally, the prophylaxis of infection seems to be of crucial
      importance in order to avoid such complications as those reported above.

PMID- 3688898
TI  - Acquired nonfamilial melanoma: an inappropriate conclusion.

PMID- 3688899
TI  - Superficial phaeohyphomycosis of the scrotum in a patient with the acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome.

PMID- 3688900
TI  - Staphylococcal infections and the pruritus of AIDS-related complex.

PMID- 3688901
TI  - Hypertrichosis of the eyelashes in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

PMID- 3688902
TI  - Nodular lesions in disseminated Mycobacterium fortuitum infection.

PMID- 3688903
TI  - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated psoriasis and Reiter's syndrome.
AB  - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes a spectrum of immunodysfunction, the
      most severe of which is the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We have
      followed the course of psoriasis in 13 patients over 2 1/2 years in a population
      of more than 1000 HIV-positive individuals. Four patients had a history of mild
      psoriasis that became severe and uncontrollable as symptoms of immunodeficiency
      developed. Psoriasis and HIV positivity, AIDS-related complex, or AIDS
      simultaneously developed in nine patients. In addition to psoriasis, Reiter's
      syndrome (arthritis, urethritis, and conjunctivitis) developed in one patient in
      the first group and three patients in the second group. Opportunistic infections,
      especially candidiasis and Staphylococcus, drugs, and an altered immune system
      may contribute to the development or flare of psoriasis in these patients. The
      appearance of severe psoriasis (especially in a patient with other risk factors
      for HIV) should prompt evaluation for HIV, and may be a poor prognostic indicator
      in HIV-positive patients, since nine of our 13 patients have died.
      Immunosuppressive therapy with methotrexate is contraindicated in this group of
      patients. Newer forms of drug therapy including etretinate show promising results
      for the management of AIDS-associated psoriasis.

PMID- 3688904
TI  - A survey of skin problems and skin care regimens in the elderly.
AB  - In an attempt to provide clinically relevant data regarding both dermatologic
      disease and skin care needs in the elderly, 68 noninstitutionalized volunteers,
      aged 50 to 91 years (average age, 74 years), were enrolled in a study consisting
      of a 33-item questionnaire and a total cutaneous examination. Two thirds of the
      entire group and 83% of the 23 octogenarians reported medical concerns regarding
      their skin, with pruritus as the most frequent complaint. On examination, all
      subjects had at least one cutaneous abnormality, and symptomatic and/or medically
      significant disorders were present in 64.7%. In decreasing order of prevalence,
      disorders for which dermatologic therapy was judged desirable included actinic
      keratoses, tinea pedis, contact dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, stasis
      dermatitis, and skin cancer. Overall, there was rather poor correlation between
      the subjects' complaints and perceptions and objective physical findings.
      Further, despite a high prevalence and long average duration of dermatologic
      concerns, very few subjects had consulted a physician for these problems, and no
      complaints other than "rashes" and pruritus had ever been discussed with any
      health care professional. Review of skin care regimens revealed substantial
      limitations with regard to bathing, shampooing, and nail care, particularly for
      subjects aged 80 years or older. Despite a small sample size and possibility of
      selection bias among the subjects, these data strongly suggest that skin problems
      are common among the elderly and that at present their dermatologic needs are
      largely unmet.

PMID- 3688905
TI  - Ultrastructure of lymphocyte-mediated fat-cell lysis in erythema nodosum-like
      lesions of Behcet's syndrome.
AB  - In this study, biopsy specimens from 18 patients with Behcet's syndrome were
      examined by electron microscopy with particular attention to the appearance of
      the lymphocyte-macrophage infiltrate into the interlobules of subcutaneous fat in
      erythema nodosum-like lesions. Electron microscopic evaluation revealed
      vacuolization changes of fat cells with detachment of their cell membrane from
      the basal lamina that permitted lymphocytes and macrophages to enter into this
      developed space. We believe that the detachment of fat cells from the basal
      lamina precedes invasion by lymphocytes which, in turn, attracts macrophages into
      the space. This eventually leads to fat-cell lysis accompanied by activation of
      macrophages, which causes further inflammation, completing the picture of
      panniculitis in the erythema nodosum-like lesions in Behcet's syndrome.

PMID- 3688907
TI  - 36th annual symposium on the biology of the skin.

PMID- 3688906
TI  - Lipoatrophic panniculitis: a possible autoimmune inflammatory disease of fat.
      Report of three cases.
AB  - We observed three children with a clinically similar presentation of erythematous
      nodules that expanded centrifugally leaving lipoatrophy. Areas of lipoatrophy
      coalesced, resulting in clinical pictures similar to partial or total
      lipodystrophy. Histologic study revealed a lobular panniculitis with a mixed
      infiltrate of lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes. Of these three children,
      one had insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, one
      developed juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, and the third developed insulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus, suggesting that the pathogenic mechanism may be an
      expression of autoimmunity.

PMID- 3688909
TI  - Generalized eruption in a patient with pseudoxanthoma elasticum.

PMID- 3688908
TI  - Biologic significance of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the skin.
AB  - Deficiency of essential fatty acid (EFA) containing linoleic acid (18:2n-6) in
      humans or animals induces morphologic changes characterized by severe scaly
      dermatosis, extensive percutaneous water loss, and hyperproliferation of the
      epidermis. Microscopically, the epidermis is characterized by hyperkeratosis and
      acanthosis. The refeeding of safflower oil containing linoleic acid or primrose
      oil (containing linoleic acid [18:2n-6] and gamma-linolenic acid [18:3n-6]) acids
      to EFA-deficient guinea pigs reverses the EFA-deficiency symptoms. In contrast,
      replacement of safflower oil with menhaden fish oil, (containing eicosapentaenoic
      acid [20:5n-3] and docosahexaenoic acid [22:6n-3]) did not reverse the symptoms
      of EFA deficiency. These results indicate: (1) that an understanding of the roles
      of vegetable or fish oil in skin must evolve from an understanding of the roles
      of each constituent n-6 or n-3 fatty acid, and (2) that the n-3 fatty acids may
      function to modulate the metabolism and function of the n-6 fatty acids in vivo.

PMID- 3688910
TI  - Multiple facial nodules in a young woman.

PMID- 3688911
TI  - Annular plaque on the shoulder.

PMID- 3688912
TI  - Who needs a brain scan?

PMID- 3688913
TI  - Is fetal blood sampling and pH estimation helpful or harmful?

PMID- 3688914
TI  - Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: the outcome.

PMID- 3688915
TI  - Cyclophosphamide treatment of steroid dependent nephrotic syndrome: comparison of
      eight week with 12 week course. Report of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Padiatrische
      Nephrologie.
AB  - In a prospective study (Cytotoxic Drug Study II), 18 children with steroid
      dependent nephrotic syndrome and steroid toxicity were treated with
      cyclophosphamide (2 mg/kg body weight/day) for 12 weeks in combination with
      reducing doses of prednisone (group A). This group was compared retrospectively
      with 18 children with steroid dependent nephrotic syndrome, studied as part of
      the Cytotoxic Drug Study I, and who had received cyclophosphamide for eight weeks
      (group B). There were no differences between the groups in age at the onset of
      the nephrotic syndrome, age at entry into the study, and duration of the
      nephrotic syndrome before entry into the study. The number of relapses during the
      six months before the treatment was the same in both groups. Two years after
      treatment 12 of 18 children treated with cyclophosphamide for 12 weeks were still
      in remission. By contrast, only four of of 18 children treated with
      cyclophosphamide for eight weeks were still in remission. The cumulative rates of
      sustained remissions were significantly higher (67% and 22%, respectively) in
      group A. All relapses were observed within 400 days of stopping cytotoxic
      treatment. No severe side effects of cyclophosphamide occurred up to two years
      after treatment had been stopped. We conclude that for children with steroid
      dependent nephrotic syndrome and steroid toxicity cyclophosphamide treatment
      should be prolonged to 12 weeks to increase the likelihood of a prolonged
      remission.

PMID- 3688916
TI  - Teenagers and their health.
AB  - Six hundred and forty three children aged 14 to 16, attending three upper schools
      in Oxfordshire, filled in a health questionnaire. Although over 90% rated their
      health as fair or good, three quarters had taken medicine in the previous four
      weeks, three quarters had complained of headaches, and three quarters had had
      dental fillings. In addition, a third drank alcohol at least once a week, a third
      felt depressed at least once a week, and a third had had time off school for
      illness in the previous four weeks. There were strong associations between
      smoking tobacco and other forms of drug abuse. On the positive side, most
      children felt responsible for their own health with three quarters agreeing that
      good health is mainly due to sensible living. Over 85% turned first to their
      parents for medical advice.

PMID- 3688917
TI  - Twenty four hour intermittent, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.
AB  - Blood pressure and heart rate were measured every 30 minutes during the day and
      every hour during the night in 43 children (20 girls and 23 boys, aged 10 to 16)
      with a portable automated monitor. The apparatus was better accepted in girls
      than in boys, and the failure rate was lower during the day. The overall failure
      rate was 22%, which corresponds with comparable studies in adults. During the
      night blood pressure and heart rate fell by 10% and 14% of the daytime values,
      respectively. Mean (SD) blood pressure was significantly higher in boys than in
      girls (126/72 (17/8) v 109/64 (9/5) mm Hg) and measurements correlated positively
      with age, body weight, and height of the subjects. Heart rate was not
      significantly influenced by gender or age. A positive correlation between heart
      rate and blood pressure was found when expressed as standard normal deviations or
      hourly variations. In children intermittent monitoring of ambulatory blood
      pressure and heart rate is a suitable method for measuring individual diurnal
      patterns.

PMID- 3688918
TI  - Hyperkalaemia, cardiac arrhythmias, and cerebral lesions in high risk neonates.
AB  - The case notes of 20 infants with hyperkalaemia (defined as two successive serum
      potassium measurements of greater than 7.5 mmol/l) were reviewed. The incidence
      of hyperkalaemia was also looked at in an unselected population of 200 low
      birthweight infants. The mean gestational age of the 20 affected infants was 29
      weeks and the mean birth weight 1235 g. The incidence of hyperkalemia in the
      cohort of 200 infants weighing less than 1500 g at birth was 3.5%. Hyperkalaemia
      was associated with a high incidence of cardiac arrhythmia (60%), impaired renal
      function (50%), and changes on cerebral ultrasonography (88%). Hyperkalaemia
      responds slowly to conventional treatment with dextrose, insulin, and exchange
      resins. There is a close temporal relation in some infants between hyperkalaemia
      and cardiac arrhythmias and periventricular leukomalacia, suggesting a causal
      association.

PMID- 3688919
TI  - Personal health records: an evaluation.
AB  - A cohort of mothers whose babies were born over one calendar month were followed
      up eight to 11 months after being given a personal health record for their
      newborn babies. Eight per cent of mothers lost the records and three more said
      they had not been given a record while in hospital; a total of 10% of mothers had
      either lost or misplaced the record. There were no particular demographic
      characteristics which identified the mothers who were more likely to lose the
      record. Most parents liked personal health records and used them frequently, as
      did the community health staff. Most private doctors, however, did not find them
      useful. Before wider distribution of such records is contemplated health workers
      should be adequately prepared, especially doctors in the private sector.

PMID- 3688921
TI  - Endoscopic evacuation of an intracerebral and intraventricular haemorrhage.
AB  - An intracerebral and intraventricular haemorrhage associated with acute post
      haemorrhagic ventricular dilatation was evacuated under endoscopic view in a 9
      day old preterm infant. Ventricular dilatation was arrested, but a moderate left
      spastic hemiparesis remained. The physical and mental development of the baby was
      normal.

PMID- 3688920
TI  - Clinical predictors of outcome in encephalitis.
AB  - Twenty five patients with encephalitis were studied prospectively, and their
      clinical and virological features compared with outcome. Among 22 patients with
      laboratory confirmation of virus infection, evidence of direct effect on the
      central nervous system by the virus occurred significantly more often both in
      those with a monophasic illness compared with those with a biphasic illness, and
      in those with focal neurological signs localising in the cerebral hemispheres
      compared with those without such signs. Young age at presentation, low score on
      the Glasgow coma scale, disruption of oculocephalic responses, and laboratory
      evidence of virus infection within the central nervous system were significantly
      associated with poor outcome. Computed tomography results, concentrations of
      creatine phosphokinase BB isoenzyme in cerebrospinal fluid, and procoagulant
      activity in cerebrospinal fluid were not predictive of outcome.

PMID- 3688922
TI  - Intestinal obstruction due to ingested Vaseline.
AB  - A case of intestinal obstruction due to ingested Vaseline (white soft paraffin)
      is described. While intestinal obstruction due to bezoars and impacted foodstuffs
      is uncommon, though well recognised, we know of no previous reports of
      obstruction caused by semisolid mineral matter.

PMID- 3688923
TI  - Muscle carnitine deficiency presenting as familial fatal cardiomyopathy.
AB  - Three siblings presented with fatal cardiomyopathy confirmed by electron
      microscopy, and normal serum but low muscle carnitine concentrations. A fourth
      had similar signs but remained asymptomatic. He was treated with carnitine orally
      which increased the concentration in muscle, though it remained below normal.
      Electron microscopic features were unchanged.

PMID- 3688924
TI  - Glossal cysts in four infants.
AB  - Cysts at the base of the tongue causing stridor may be fatal if they are not
      recognised and treated. Digital palpation along the surface of the tongue to the
      epiglottis is a useful diagnostic method. An operative technique that might avoid
      the need for tracheostomy is described.

PMID- 3688925
TI  - Cellular phosphate in renal tubular acidosis.
AB  - In two infants with distal renal tubular acidosis phosphate depletion was
      observed in the extracellular and intracellular compartments of the erythrocytes.
      Treatment corrected this disturbance over a period of several months. Cell
      phosphate deficiency may contribute to the adverse effects of renal tubular
      acidosis on bone.

PMID- 3688926
TI  - Oral desmopressin in neonatal diabetes insipidus.
AB  - A neonate with cranial diabetes insipidus was successfully treated with oral
      desmopressin. The patient had a midline cleft lip and palate and we obtained a
      more consistent response using the oral route than using the usual nasal route.

PMID- 3688928
TI  - Management of sexual abuse.

PMID- 3688927
TI  - Effect of pancuronium and pethidine on heart rate and blood pressure in
      ventilated infants.
AB  - To investigate cardiovascular effects in 32 ventilated neonates, given either
      pancuronium or pethidine, computer based data were analysed for five minutes
      preceding and for 20 minutes after administration of the drugs. Heart rate and
      direct mean arterial pressure remained unchanged but arterial pressure
      variability decreased with each drug.

PMID- 3688930
TI  - Prolonged exclusive breast feeding and hereditary as determinants in infantile
      atopy.

PMID- 3688929
TI  - What to ask when sexual abuse is suspected.

PMID- 3688931
TI  - Congenital dislocation of the hip: to screen or not to screen.

PMID- 3688932
TI  - Liaison psychotherapy in a hospital paediatric diabetic clinic.

PMID- 3688933
TI  - Mercury as a health hazard.

PMID- 3688934
TI  - Establishment of an intermediate care ward for babies and mothers.

PMID- 3688935
TI  - Preterm blood counts vary with sampling site.

PMID- 3688936
TI  - The metabolic load of stored blood. Implications for major transfusions in
      infants.

PMID- 3688937
TI  - Endotracheal resuscitation of preterm infants at birth.

PMID- 3688938
TI  - Prediction and management of nocturnal hypoglycaemia in diabetes.

PMID- 3688940
TI  - [Proceedings of the German Gynecology and Obstetrics Society. 46th meeting.
      Dusseldorf, 22-26 September 1986].

PMID- 3688939
TI  - The significance of female sex steroids on the vascular permeability of the
      traumatised uterine serosa of rats.
AB  - Using experiments with conjugated hormones, and their influence on vascular
      permeability assessed by the colloidal carbon technique, we have investigated the
      effect of female sex steroids on the microcirculation of the uterine horn of
      virgin rats. We found that oestrogen inhibited vascular permeability in
      inflammatory conditions. Progesterone increased vascular permeability.

PMID- 3688941
TI  - [Indications and results of extracorporeal fertilization].

PMID- 3688942
TI  - [Microsurgery of ampullary tubal occlusion].

PMID- 3688943
TI  - [Therapeutic possibilities in hypoplastic tubes].

PMID- 3688944
TI  - [Comparison of microscopic and pelviscopic tubal surgery].

PMID- 3688945
TI  - [Microsurgical reconstruction in proximal tubal occlusion].

PMID- 3688946
TI  - ["A child at any price"--psychosomatic aspects].

PMID- 3688947
TI  - [Current problems of in vitro fertilization: andrologic problems].

PMID- 3688948
TI  - [Endometrial cancer stages I and II--surgical treatment].

PMID- 3688949
TI  - [New methods of characterizing tumor cells and tumors and their clinical
      relevance].

PMID- 3688950
TI  - [Colposcopy--retrospect and prospects].

PMID- 3688951
TI  - [Chance and danger in traditional healing methods in medicine].

PMID- 3688952
TI  - [Possibilities and limits of mistletoe therapy in cancer patients].

PMID- 3688954
TI  - [The principle of hope].

PMID- 3688955
TI  - [Primary breast cancer: which diagnostic and prognostic factors belong to the
      therapeutic concept?].

PMID- 3688953
TI  - [Surgical therapy of ovarian cancer].

PMID- 3688956
TI  - [Possibilities and limits of the early detection of breast cancer by mammography
      and other methods].

PMID- 3688957
TI  - [Principles of surgical gynecologic oncology].

PMID- 3688958
TI  - [Radioimmunoscintigraphy in ovarian cancer: theoretical principles and clinical
      experiences].

PMID- 3688959
TI  - [Quality assurance in surgical gynecology].

PMID- 3688960
TI  - [Intra-abdominal radiocolloid administration: indications, complications,
      results].

PMID- 3688961
TI  - [Quality assurance in surgical gynecology].

PMID- 3688962
TI  - [New viewpoints in the treatment of postmenopausal complaints].

PMID- 3688963
TI  - [Correlations of psychological, physical and endocrine factors in the menstrual
      cycle].

PMID- 3688964
TI  - [Physiology of the menstrual cycle].

PMID- 3688965
TI  - [Dysfunctional bleeding and dyshormonal disorders of bleeding].

PMID- 3688966
TI  - [Eicosanoids and menstruation].

PMID- 3688967
TI  - [Pregnancy and professional activity].

PMID- 3688969
TI  - [Introduction to a panel discussion: indications and methods of labor induction].

PMID- 3688968
TI  - [Diagnosis of the condition of newborn infants--a new pH system adapted to the
      Apgar score].

PMID- 3688970
TI  - [Indications and methods of labor induction--in placental insufficiency].

PMID- 3688971
TI  - [Status of chorionic villi biopsy in West Germany].

PMID- 3688972
TI  - [Chorionic villi sampling in the first trimester of pregnancy. Experiences in 450
      cases in Munster].

PMID- 3688973
TI  - [Management of the hypertensive crisis in pregnancy].

PMID- 3688975
TI  - [The newborn infant at risk in the field spanning obstetrics and pediatrics. The
      status in West Germany].

PMID- 3688974
TI  - [The newborn infant at risk in the field spanning obstetrics and pediatrics-
      status of the problem].

PMID- 3688977
TI  - [The newborn infant at risk in the field spanning obstetrics and pediatrics.
      Clinic structures and regionalization].

PMID- 3688976
TI  - [The transportation problem--transportation in utero compared to transportation
      of the newborn infant].

PMID- 3688978
TI  - [The newborn infant at risk in the field spanning obstetrics and pediatrics.
      Educational problems].

PMID- 3688979
TI  - [MR in gynecology and obstetrics].

PMID- 3688980
TI  - [The problem of AIDS in gynecology].

PMID- 3688981
TI  - [Therapy of cervix cancer].

PMID- 3688982
TI  - [Genital infections in consultation--principles, diagnosis and therapy:
      cervicitis].

PMID- 3688983
TI  - [Child and adolescent gynecology in West Germany].

PMID- 3688984
TI  - [Pediatric gynecology from the viewpoint of prevention].

PMID- 3688985
TI  - [Child and adolescent gynecology in the practice of the family physician].

PMID- 3688986
TI  - [Performance sports in growing females].

PMID- 3688987
TI  - [Results and long-term course of superficial bladder carcinomas treated with
      local adriamycin. Apropos of 69 cases].

PMID- 3688988
TI  - [Renal oncocytoma: contribution of 4 new cases].

PMID- 3688989
TI  - [Multiple primary cancer in urology].

PMID- 3688990
TI  - [Peculiar aspects of bladder carcinoma in patients under 40 years of age].

PMID- 3688993
TI  - [Inadequacy of the bethanechol test in the diagnosis of neurogenous
      vesicourethral dysfunction of inferior motor neuron type. Alternative urodynamic
      technics].

PMID- 3688991
TI  - [Thermal methods applied to the study of calcium oxalate lithiasis].

PMID- 3688992
TI  - [Urinary retention caused by herpes zoster. Urodynamic follow-up].

PMID- 3688994
TI  - [Extravesical ureteral ectopias].

PMID- 3688995
TI  - [Vaginal ureteral ectopia associated with hydrocolpos and renal dysplasia].

PMID- 3688996
TI  - [Endoscopic extraction of ureteral calculi by the combined use of the Zeiss loop
      and Fogarty catheter].

PMID- 3688997
TI  - [Testicular feminization syndrome].

PMID- 3688998
TI  - [Recurrent retroperitoneal liposarcoma. Presentation of a case].

PMID- 3688999
TI  - [Renocolonic fistula. Apropos of a secondary case in xanthogranulomatous
      pyelonephritis].

PMID- 3689000
TI  - Clinical and serological features of severe vasculitis in rheumatoid arthritis:
      prognostic implications.
AB  - Sixteen patients with classic rheumatoid arthritis (RA) complicated by severe
      vasculitis were studied and compared with a matched control group of 16 RA
      patients without vasculitis. Seven of the patients with vasculitis died within 4
      to 120 months (median 32 months) after developing vasculitic symptoms. Gangrene
      of digits and extremities, bowel ulcers or bowel perforation, or both, and
      cardiac involvement were more common among the patients who died than among those
      with a more favourable course. The present data suggest that large vessel
      vasculitis in RA is associated with high frequency of arteriosclerotic vascular
      disease. The serum concentrations of complement components C3 and C4 were lower,
      and concentrations of IgM rheumatoid factor, complement activating rheumatoid
      factor, and C1q binding immune complexes (C1q solid and C1q fluid phase assay)
      were significantly higher among vasculitic patients than in the control group.
      Laboratory data provided little prognostic information with regard to rheumatoid
      vasculitis, with the exception that IgM and IgG rheumatoid factors were
      significantly higher among patients with fatal course of disease than in those
      who achieved remission.

PMID- 3689001
TI  - A new promising treatment in systemic sclerosis: 5-fluorouracil.
AB  - Twelve patients with systemic sclerosis according to American Rheumatism
      Association criteria were treated with intravenous 5-fluorouracil. Significant
      subjective and objective improvement occurred initially in the skin and
      subsequently in the involved viscera and vasculature. These preliminary results
      suggest that 5-fluorouracil may be an effective treatment for systemic sclerosis.

PMID- 3689003
TI  - A new approach to patient indexing.
AB  - A computer based rheumatology patient index is described. Patients are indexed
      according to essential clinical and laboratory data without reference to
      Procrustean diagnostic labels. The stored information can be searched for a wide
      range of practical and scientific purposes. The software was devised in the
      windows environment for the Apricot Xen for maximum speed and intelligibility.

PMID- 3689002
TI  - Clinical studies of renal disease in Sjogren's syndrome.
AB  - When 17 patients with Sjogren's syndrome, without apparent clinical
      manifestations of renal disease, were examined renal function studies frequently
      indicated abnormalities in their renal phosphate handling. The percentage tubular
      reabsorption of phosphate (%TRP) was decreased in six (35.3%), and maximal
      tubular reabsorption rate for phosphate (TmPO4/GFR) was low in eight (47.1%). In
      contrast, indices of renal calcium handling and serum parathyroid hormone levels
      were normal, suggesting that the abnormalities of phosphate metabolism were due
      not to extrinsic, but rather to intrinsic disease processes occurring in the
      kidney in Sjogren's syndrome. When the patients were divided into two groups
      according to the presence or absence of a renal tubular acidification defect
      (RTAD), patients with RTAD were younger (p less than 0.005), had longer disease
      duration (p less than 0.01), lower creatinine clearance (p less than 0.05), and
      higher incidence of low %TRP (p less than 0.05). Thus the patients with lower
      creatinine clearance generally had disease of longer duration at diagnosis and
      tended also to have defects in concentrating and acidifying the urine.

PMID- 3689004
TI  - Cushing's disease presenting with avascular necrosis of the femoral heads and
      complicated by pituitary apoplexy.
AB  - A case of Cushing's disease presenting with avascular necrosis of the femoral
      heads is described. Eighteen months after the onset of hip symptoms the patient
      developed pituitary apoplexy and presented to hospital as a medical emergency.
      Endogenous hypercortisolism is a rare and important cause of avascular necrosis
      of bone.

PMID- 3689005
TI  - Rat-bite fever as a cause of septic arthritis: a diagnostic dilemma.
AB  - Rat-bite fever results from an infection with the organism Streptobacillus
      moniliformis. Symptomatic patients often present with fever, malaise, cough,
      maculopapular rash, and occasional arthritis, and usually have a history of
      rodent exposure. This report describes a patient with rat-bite fever resulting in
      suppurative arthritis. The patient's diagnosis was made by culture of S
      moniliformis from his left wrist. The diagnosis was delayed, however, owing to
      the lack of an exposure history, atypical clinical presentation, and the unusual
      microbiologic characteristics shown by this organism.

PMID- 3689006
TI  - Adjuvant postoperative radiation therapy for colonic carcinoma.
AB  - One hundred thirty-three patients with Stage B2, B3, and C colonic carcinoma had
      resection for curative intent followed by adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy to
      the tumor bed. The 5-year actuarial local control and disease-free survival rates
      for these 133 patients were 82% and 61%, respectively. Stage for stage, the
      development of local regional failure was reduced for patients receiving
      postoperative radiotherapy compared with a historic control series. Local
      recurrence occurred in 8%, 21%, and 31% of patients with Stage B3, C2, and C3
      tumors who had radiation therapy, respectively, whereas the local failure rates
      were 31%, 36%, and 53% in patients treated with surgery alone. There was a 13%
      and 12% improvement in the 5-year disease-free survival rate in the patients with
      Stage B3 and C3 lesions who had radiotherapy compared with the historic controls.
      For patients with Stage C disease, local control and disease-free survival rates
      decreased progressively with increasing nodal involvement; however, local control
      and disease-free survival rates were higher in the patients who had radiotherapy
      than in those who had surgery alone. Failure patterns in the patients who had
      radiotherapy did not show any notable changes compared with those for patients
      who had surgery alone. Postoperative radiation therapy for Stage B3, C2, and C3
      colonic carcinoma is a promising treatment approach that deserves further
      investigation.

PMID- 3689007
TI  - Gastrointestinal sarcomas. Analysis of prognostic factors.
AB  - Clinical and pathologic data from 51 patients with primary sarcomas of the
      gastrointestinal tract treated from 1951 through 1984 were reviewed to determine
      clinical presentation, histologic features, treatment, and prognostic factors.
      The most common signs and symptoms were abdominal pain (62%), gastrointestinal
      bleeding (40%), and/or abdominal mass (38%). The primary site was stomach in 50%,
      small bowel in 30%, colorectum in 15%, and esophagus in 5%. Virtually all the
      sarcomas were leiomyosarcomas. Distribution was uniform among the three
      histologic grades; although 88% of Grade 1 tumors could be completely excised,
      only 35% of Grade 3 tumors could be completely resected. The 5-year survival rate
      was 75% for Grade 1 tumors, 16% for Grade 2 tumors, and 28% for Grade 3 tumors (p
      = 0.0013, Grade 1 vs. 2 and 3). Thirty of the 51 patients (59%) had curative
      resection with an operative morbidity rate of 24% and an operative mortality rate
      of 12%; at 5 years the disease-free survival rate was 58% and the overall
      survival rate was 63% (48% at 10 years). Eleven patients (42%) had recurrent
      disease develop at a median interval of 2 years after complete tumor excision.
      Twenty-one patients (41%) had partial excision or biopsy only of their tumors
      with an operative morbidity rate of 28%, operative mortality rate of 8%, and
      median survival of only 9 months. Overall, patients whose tumors were confined to
      the site of origin had a 58% 5-year survival rate compared with 20% for those
      whose tumors had invaded adjacent organs (p less than 0.05). If the tumor was
      less than 10 cm in size, the 5-year survival rate was 78%, significantly better
      than the 38% for tumors greater than 10 cm (p = 0.03). These data suggest that
      histologic grade, local invasiveness, size, and extent of resection are the most
      important prognostic factors for patients with primary gastrointestinal sarcomas.
      Patients who have resection of all gross tumor, especially if it is well
      differentiated and localized, have a good prognosis.

PMID- 3689009
TI  - Survival after trauma in geriatric patients.
AB  - In contrast to other studies, a recent report from the authors' institution has
      shown a good prognosis for functional recovery in geriatric patients that survive
      trauma. Because most survivors regained their pre-injury function, the authors
      examined factors related to nonsurvival in this population of 82 consecutive
      blunt trauma victims older than the age of 65. Seventeen patients died (21%).
      Compared with survivors, nonsurvivors were older, had more severe overall injury,
      and had more severe head and neck trauma but did not differ in severity of trauma
      that did not involve the head and neck, number of body regions injured, mechanism
      of injury, or incidence of surgery after injury. Nonsurvivors experienced more
      frequent complications (82% vs. 33%, p less than 0.05), including a higher
      incidence of cardiac complications (53% vs. 15%, p less than 0.05) and ventilator
      dependence for 5 or more days (41% vs. 14%, p less than 0.05). Mortality rates
      were increased in patients who were 80 years of age or older compared with those
      ages 65-79 (46% vs. 10%, p less than 0.01), despite injury of similar severity.
      More frequent complications may contribute to an increased mortality rate in the
      older group, including an increased incidence of prolonged mechanical ventilation
      (36% vs. 12%, p less than 0.025), cardiac complications (54% vs. 10%, p less than
      0.01), and pneumonia (36% vs. 16%, p less than 0.06). Severely injured patients
      (Injury Severity Score [ISS] greater than or equal to 25) older than 80 years old
      had a mortality rate of 80%, and the survivors required permanent nursing home
      care. Discriminant analysis yielded a reliable method of differentiating
      survivors from nonsurvivors based on age, ISS, and the presence of cardiac and
      septic complications. To assess the accuracy of the discriminant function, 61
      consecutive patients admitted during 1985 were reviewed prospectively.
      Discriminant scoring predicted outcome correctly in 92% of these patients. A
      Geriatric Trauma Survival Score (GTSS) based on the discriminant function was
      calculated for each of the 143 patients studied and was highly correlated with
      mortality rate (r = 0.99, p less than 0.001). Thus, the GTSS may serve as a
      valuable tool for evaluating death in geriatric trauma victims. Furthermore,
      because complications are potentially avoidable and contribute to increased
      mortality rates, routine aggressive care for geriatric patients with moderate
      overall injury is indicated.

PMID- 3689008
TI  - Exocrine and endocrine stomach after gastrobulbar preserving
      pancreatoduodenectomy.
AB  - Exocrine and endocrine stomach was studied serially in 13 patients who had
      gastrobulbar preserving pancreatoduodenectomy (GPPD). In most of them, acid
      output temporarily increased just after operation but recovered. Gastrin response
      level decreased transiently but returned to the preoperative level. A negative
      correlation was observed between the acid and gastrin levels, which suggests that
      the negative feedback mechanism between parietal cells and G cells was
      maintained. Acid and gastrin levels in GPPD were higher than those in
      conventional pancreatoduodenectomy (cPD) but not remarkably different from those
      of the controls. No peptic ulcer was detected after the operation. These findings
      indicated that GPPD poses little problem concerning offensive factors.
      Postoperative ulcer formation is considered to be prevented by the authors'
      procedure, which is devised to best preserve defensive mechanisms so that
      duodenectomy is minimized and the gastrointestinal continuity is reconstructed
      physiologically from mouth to anus by end-to-end duodenoduodenestomy, end-to-side
      pancreatojejunostomy, and end-to-side choledochojejunostomy.

PMID- 3689010
TI  - Adrenergic control of adipocyte lipolysis in trauma and sepsis.
AB  - Adipocyte lipolysis and its adrenergic control were studied in vitro from normal
      patients and those with trauma and sepsis. The adrenergic receptors were studied
      in terms of their responsiveness, a measure of the postreceptor mechanism, and
      their sensitivity, a measure of the receptor number or affinity. With early
      trauma, beta-adrenergic responsiveness and receptor number were significantly
      decreased. This is desensitization of the beta-receptors with down regulation and
      indicates increased in vivo lipolysis in early injury. After 4 days these changes
      had returned to normal. Early sepsis resulted in a significant increase in beta-
      and alpha-receptor responsiveness with beta-upregulation. This indicated
      hypersensitivity of the adipocyte adrenergic receptors and suggests the presence
      of an in vivo block of the adrenergic receptors in early sepsis. This would
      decrease adipocyte lipolysis. After 4 days there was a decrease in beta-receptor
      responsiveness in the patients with sepsis, indicating that the adrenergic
      receptor block was no longer present and adipocyte adrenergic stimulated
      lipolysis was increased.

PMID- 3689011
TI  - Aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen in healing wound in humans.
AB  - For quantitative analysis of wound healing in surgical patients, samples of wound
      fluid were collected through a silicone rubber tube and their concentration of
      the aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen was measured with a specific
      radioimmunoassay. Peritoneal fluid, collected through an abdominal drain, and
      serum were also analyzed. At day 1 after operation, the mean concentration of the
      propeptide was 30 times higher than the mean preoperative serum level (2.5
      micrograms/L). A significant increase (p less than 0.001) occurred at day 3 in
      the wound and at day 2 in peritoneal fluid. At day 5 the mean wound concentration
      (2670 micrograms/L) was 1000 times higher than the serum level. In serum a small
      but significant increase (p less than 0.05) was found at days 5 and 30. The
      increase in wound fluid resulted from the intact, liberated propeptide,
      indicating that the results reflect the synthesis of type III collagen deposited
      in the wound. This procedure offers a quantitative tool for wound healing
      studies. Other extracellular matrix components can also be measured, the
      sequential pattern of their appearance can thus be assessed, and disturbances and
      treatment effects in wound healing can be detected.

PMID- 3689012
TI  - Repair of large abdominal wall defects with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene
      (PTFE).
AB  - Most abdominal wall incisional hernias can be repaired by primary closure.
      However, where the defect is large or there is tension on the closure, the use of
      a prosthetic material is indicated. Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
      patches were used to repair incisional hernias in 28 patients between November
      1983 and December 1986. Twelve of these patients (43%) had a prior failure of a
      primary repair. Reherniation occurred in three patients (10.7%). Wound infections
      developed in two patients (7.1%), both of whom had existing intestinal stomas,
      one with an intercurrent pelvic abscess. The prosthetic patch was removed in the
      patient with the abscess, but the infection was resolved in the other without
      sequelae. Septic complications did not occur after any operations performed in
      uncontaminated fields. None of the patients exhibited any undue discomfort, wound
      pain, erythema, or induration. Complications related to adhesions, erosion of the
      patch material into the viscera, bowel obstruction, or fistula formation did not
      occur. Based on this clinical experience, the authors believe that the PTFE patch
      appears to represent an advance in synthetic abdominal wall substitutes.

PMID- 3689014
TI  - Total thyroidectomy. The preferred option for multinodular goiter.
AB  - Total thyroidectomy is an operation that has generally been reserved for the
      management of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Over the last decade total
      thyroidectomy has become used increasingly and is now the preferred option in the
      authors' unit for the management of multinodular goiter affecting the entire
      gland. Over the period from 1975 to 1985, 853 thyroidectomies have been performed
      for multinodular goiter; of these, 115 have been total thyroidectomies. During
      that time, the incidence of total thyroidectomy for multinodular goiter has
      increased in percentage terms from 9% in 1975 to 50% in 1985. There have been two
      cases of permanent hypoparathyroidism and one case of permanent recurrent
      laryngeal nerve injury, and these occurred in patients who had less than total
      thyroidectomy. Total thyroidectomy is an appropriate operation for the management
      of diffuse multinodular goiter where the entire gland is involved because it
      precludes patients from requiring further surgery for recurrent disease, with its
      high associated risks. It must be emphasized, however, that protection of the
      recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid glands must still be paramount in
      dealing with benign thyroid disease.

PMID- 3689013
TI  - Effects of indomethacin on endocrine responses and nitrogen loss after surgery.
AB  - In 14 patients who had elective gastrectomy, 50 mg of indomethacin was
      administered intrarectally every 6-8 hours after operation until postoperative
      day 3. Body temperature, plasma cortisol and glucagon concentrations, blood
      glucose level, urinary catecholamine level, and urinary nitrogen excretion level
      were compared with those of 16 patients who did not receive indomethacin.
      Postoperative fever was significantly reduced by indomethacin. Plasma cortisol
      levels in the indomethacin-treated group were significantly lower on
      postoperative days 2 and 3. Postoperative increases in plasma glucagon and blood
      glucose levels were not influenced by indomethacin administration. Urinary
      epinephrine excretion tended to be inhibited, and urinary norepinephrine
      excretion was significantly inhibited in the indomethacin-treated group after
      operation. Urinary nitrogen excretion levels during the observation period were
      significantly less in the indomethacin-treated group. The cumulative urinary
      nitrogen level from postoperative days 1-3 in the indomethacin-treated group was
      82% of that in the control group. These results indicated that fever reduction by
      indomethacin after surgery resulted in reduced protein loss, associated with
      attenuated cortisol and catecholamine responses.

PMID- 3689015
TI  - Efficacy of cefazolin, cefamandole, and gentamicin as prophylactic agents in
      cardiac surgery. Results of a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial in 1030
      patients.
AB  - In an effort to develop an improved regimen of antibiotic prophylaxis in cardiac
      surgery, 1030 patients who were to have elective cardiothoracic surgery involving
      a median sternotomy were selected at random to receive cefamandole or cefazolin,
      with or without gentamicin, in a prospective double-blind study. Cefazolin was
      significantly less effective than cefamandole at both the sternal (1.8% vs. 0.4%,
      respectively, p less than 0.05) and donor sites (1.3% vs. 0%, respectively, p
      less than 0.02). Seven Staphylococcus aureus infections occurred among cefazolin
      recipients as compared with no such infections among the patients receiving
      cefamandole (p less than 0.01). All five wound infections yielding fungi or
      gentamicin-resistant gram-negative rods occurred in patients who had received
      gentamicin as a second prophylactic agent. These data suggest that gentamicin has
      no role as a prophylactic antibiotic in cardiac surgery and that, compared with
      cefamandole, cefazolin offers unreliable prophylaxis against deep infection at
      both the sternal and donor sites.

PMID- 3689016
TI  - Cardiac cryolesions as an experimental model of myocardial wound healing.
AB  - The standard coronary ligation model for experimental myocardial infarction
      results in variable areas and patterns of necrosis; therefore, the healing of
      such infarctions is also variable. The authors developed an experimental
      myocardial injury model using simple cryoinjury, which allows standardization of
      the size, depth, and location of the wound. Thirty-eight left ventricular
      cryolesions were created in 19 dogs, which were then killed from 3 to 35 days
      after injury. A consistent decrease in the depth of scar (p less than 0.005) and
      accumulation of collagen (p less than 0.0001) over time characterized this
      healing myocardial wound. Histologic examination revealed that the cellular
      pattern of healing myocardial cryolesions is similar to that of a healing
      myocardial infarction but with less variability. The authors advocate the use of
      cardiac cryolesions as a model of experimental myocardial wound healing.

PMID- 3689017
TI  - Long-term results with autogenous tissue repair of traumatic extremity vascular
      injuries.
AB  - With extensive vascular injuries in which a vascular conduit is required, there
      is controversy as to whether an autogenous or prosthetic graft is preferable. The
      authors reviewed their experience with 91 extremity arterial injuries in which
      autogenous tissue was used to repair vascular injuries of the extremities. Twenty
      two patients also had concomitant repair of associated venous injuries with
      autogenous vein grafts. Ten patients required amputations, despite patent grafts
      in five patients, because of severe muscle necrosis. Two patients had thrombosis
      of their vein grafts develop in the early postoperative period but did not
      require amputation. The authors identified only one late vein graft failure in a
      patient in whom an infected pseudoaneurysm developed. Three patients with
      extensive soft tissue injuries had infection develop in vein grafts, with
      subsequent massive bleeding that ultimately required arterial ligation. Among the
      22 patients with repair of their venous injuries, occlusion of popliteal vein
      repairs was documented in two patients and suspected in three others. The
      remainder of patients had satisfactory results. The excellent results obtained in
      the vast majority of the authors' patients with extremity vascular injuries
      reinforces their preference for using autogenous tissue whenever a vascular
      conduit is required. Exceptions include patients with extensive soft tissue loss
      precluding adequate graft coverage, the repair of large vessels, and life
      threatening emergencies when there is insufficient time to harvest and prepare a
      vein.

PMID- 3689018
TI  - A future for surgical critical care?

PMID- 3689019
TI  - Editorial review on "A future for surgical critical care?".

PMID- 3689020
TI  - Lymphocyte transformation in cutaneous leishmaniasis patients.
AB  - Cellular responses to L. mexicana amazonensis, L. infantum and
      phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) were measured in twenty-three cutaneous leishmaniasis
      patients, using the lymphocyte blast transformation test (LTT). Positive
      responses to leishmanial antigen, although variable, were observed in all
      patients, compared with the normal controls. Patient responses to PHA, however,
      were lower than those observed in the control group. No significant differences
      were shown between responses of active and convalescent patients to leishmanial
      antigen. Since it is unclear whether or not the presence of anti-Leishmania
      antibody may inhibit cellular immunity, LTT responses from ELISA-positive and
      ELISA-negative patients were compared using either leishmanial antigens or PHA.
      No significant LTT differences between their responses was found for leishmanial
      antigens or PHA. When cells from each patient and each normal control individual
      were cultured in either 10% AB+ serum or 10% autologous serum, no significant
      differences in responses to leishmanial antigen was found. Responses to PHA were
      just significantly lower in AB+ serum than in autologous serum. Since this was an
      overall trend and not peculiar to any one group, the most likely explanation is
      that the autologous serum constituted a slightly superior tissue culture medium.
      Specific antibody and non-specific serum factors do not appear to influence cell
      mediated responses to leishmanial antigens or PHA.

PMID- 3689021
TI  - Laboratory selection for increased tolerance to niclosamide in Bulinus truncatus
      (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) from Iran.
AB  - Survivors of Bulinus truncatus from one exposure to niclosamide (Bayluscide) were
      used to establish the next generation in a five generation long laboratory
      selection for increased tolerance to niclosamide. In a comparison of the
      tolerance to the molluscicide between two original and two selected strains about
      150 snails of each strain, divided into four size-groups, were exposed to
      aliquots of the same niclosamide solution on the same day and during the same
      time of the day. It was shown that five generations of relatively mild selection
      (30-50% survival) resulted in a significant increased tolerance to niclosamide in
      snails with only one exposure before start of the selection procedure. A
      comparison with published data indicated that the unselected strains did not
      change their tolerance to niclosamide during seven years of laboratory breeding.
      The strain exposed to niclosamide once in each of 16 generations showed an
      avoidance reaction to the chemical by crawling out of the water.

PMID- 3689022
TI  - Granulomatous oesophagitis: a case of tuberculosis limited to the oesophagus.
AB  - In this paper we report on a 31-year-old Saudi male with tuberculosis limited to
      the oesophagus, presenting with dysphagia. Radiological examination revealed
      oesophageal ulceration with diverticulum formation. The diagnosis of oesophageal
      tuberculosis was made only after endoscopy and histopathological examination. The
      patient gained weight and became symptomless after three months of chemotherapy
      with antituberculous drugs. The rarity of such a presentation prompted this case
      report.

PMID- 3689023
TI  - A clinical study of viper bite poisoning.
AB  - Thirty-one consecutive cases of snake bite were studied in the Benue Valley,
      Nigeria where carpet viper (Echis carinatus) bite constitutes a serious health
      problem. E. carinatus was responsible for 26 cases, the night adder (Causus
      maculatus) for three and the puff adder (Bitis arietans) for two. There were two
      fatalities, both late admissions following E. carinatus poisoning. One patient
      died after a subarachnoid haemorrhage and the other after tissue necrosis and the
      complications of a tightly applied tourniquet. Another fatality after E.
      carinatus bite was suspected in a patient who discharged himself from hospital
      after Behringwerke antivenom failed to control bleeding and coagulopathy. Other
      cases of Behringwerke antivenom's failure and of slow response to treatment
      confirmed the pressing need for a more effective Echis antivenom in West Africa.
      The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for diagnosing the biting
      species and was the only means of identifying the three cases bitten by C.
      maculatus and one case bitten by B. arietans.

PMID- 3689024
TI  - Seasonal incidence and diel patterns of oviposition in the field of the mosquito,
      Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera:Culicidae) in Trinidad, West Indies: a preliminary
      study.
AB  - Diel patterns of oviposition of domestic Aedes aegypti in the field in Trinidad,
      West Indies were monitored weekly for one year using standard ovitraps. During
      the wet season (May to November) a large, well defined peak of oviposition
      (comprising more than 80% of eggs laid) occurred one to two hours before sunset,
      and a much smaller peak (about 5% of eggs laid) occurred one to two hours after
      sunrise. During the dry season (December to May) a broad, poorly defined peak
      (about 36% of eggs laid) fell two to four hours before sunset. During both
      seasons some oviposition occurred throughout the daytime between about one hour
      after sunrise and one hour before sunset. During wet and dry seasons the number
      of ovitraps receiving eggs was similar (6% to 7%), but in the wet season
      oviposition occurred in fewer ovitraps and more eggs were laid on each occasion.

PMID- 3689025
TI  - Depth of penetration of vertebrate skin by phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera:
      Psychodidae).
AB  - The limited knowledge of penetration depth and its relation to Leishmania
      transmission is reviewed. Labrum length and maxillary dentition of a number of
      species of phlebotomines are compared. It appears that the labrum of Phlebotomus
      argentipes, the vector of kala-azar in eastern India, is only just long enough
      for obtaining a blood meal in normal human skin. More information on penetration
      depth is needed, and it might possibly be estimated from the length of the labium
      when it remains outside the skin and contracts. It would be necessary, however,
      to note the position of the labium which changes in relation to the labrum.

PMID- 3689026
TI  - A taxa summary for the Simulium damnosum complex, with special reference to
      distribution outside the control areas of West Africa.
AB  - A synoptic list is provided of currently recognized taxa in the Simulium damnosum
      complex, with an indication of their geographical distributions. Outline maps are
      given for the distribution of S. damnosum sensu lato, and for the West African
      cytospecies of the complex. Short reports on the identities and distributions of
      member taxa are given for countries other than those of the Onchocerciasis
      Control Programme in the Volta River Basin (OCP) and its Senegambia Extension;
      these are mainly based on collation of published and unpublished data for the
      post-1976 period (since the last WHO Expert Committee Report on Onchocerciasis).

PMID- 3689027
TI  - A gynandromorph of the mosquito Aedes cantans in Britain.

PMID- 3689028
TI  - Enterobius gregorii Hugot 1983; first report in the U.K.

PMID- 3689029
TI  - The Saradidi, Kenya, rural health development programme.
AB  - A primary health care community development programme was initiated in 1979 by
      people living in Saradidi, Kenya. The community was involved in planning,
      organization, setting of priorities and objectives, implementation, evaluation
      and benefits. This paper describes the developmental process that occurred
      including how the programme began, how it was organized and what it attempted to
      accomplish.

PMID- 3689030
TI  - Changes in sources of treatment occurring after inception of a community-based
      malaria control programme in Saradidi, Kenya.
AB  - To determine the changes in source of antimalarial treatment and perceptions
      about malaria after the initiation of a community-based malaria control programme
      in Saradidi, Kenya, two identical surveys were carried out; one in March 1982
      (before the programme began in May 1982) and the other in December 1984. Three
      areas were involved: areas A and B had antimalarial treatment provided by village
      health helpers (VHH's) and area C had VHH's who did not provide treatment. Two
      groups of randomly selected women age 15 to 59 years were interviewed: 45 in
      survey 1 and 92 in survey 2. A decided change in the source of malaria treatment
      was observed. In the first survey, 52.9% of the respondents from areas A and B
      combined purchased antimalarial medicine from shops; other sources were
      government health facilities, mission clinics, and the Saradidi community clinic.
      By the second survey, 85.2% of the respondents in areas A and B obtained
      treatment from the VHH's; no significant change occurred in area C. In both
      surveys the leading reasons given for people purchasing drugs from shops was that
      the distance to health facilities was great, that no transport was available and
      that shops were open when emergencies occurred. The shopkeeper frequently advised
      which drug to take and the dosage as well as selling the drugs. For family
      illnesses of unknown aetiology most people (82.2% in survey 1 and 97.8%, in
      survey 2) went to a hospital or clinic. These results demonstrate that the
      malaria control programme in Saradidi has influenced both the source of
      antimalarials and the attitudes people have about malaria. In Saradidi, Kenya
      people chose to obtain antimalarial treatment and advice from community health
      workers.

PMID- 3689031
TI  - Usage of community-based chloroquine treatment for malaria in Saradidi, Kenya.
AB  - A survey was done in June 1983 in Saradidi, Kenya, one year after the inception
      of a community-based malaria control programme to determine if people were
      obtaining malaria treatment from volunteer village health helpers (VHH's) chosen
      by the community. Ten of 36 villages were randomly chosen. From these ten
      villages, 100 households were randomly selected and 222 people ten years of age
      or more were interviewed; 113 (50.9%) had a history of malaria in the previous
      two weeks and 82 (72.6% of 113) had taken medicine for malaria in that period. Of
      these 82, 51.2% obtained drug from the VHH, 28% purchased it from a shop, 12.2%
      from a health facility, 4.9% from family members and 3.7% from a private
      practitioner or a shop outside Saradidi. Reasons given for not obtaining
      treatment from the VHH's among the 40 people who went elsewhere for treatment
      included: the VHH was not at home when needed (35%); the VHH had no drugs
      (22.5%); the patient was too sick for the VHH to treat (10%); had drugs already
      in the home (10%); 'not registered' with VHH (10%); VHH 'no good' (7.5%); and
      more 'convenient' to go elsewhere (5%). Similar results found on questioning the
      mother were obtained for 103 children under nine years old in these households;
      67 (65.0%) children had a history of malaria in the previous two weeks and 59
      (88.1%) of these 67 children had received antimalarial treatment. The VHH was the
      principal source of treatment (50.8% of 59), followed by health facilities
      (20.3%) and shops (18.6%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3689033
TI  - Symptoms associated with common diseases in Saradidi, Kenya.
AB  - A community-based malaria control programme was initiated in Saradidi, Kenya. One
      factor determining the utilization of treatment would be the symptoms felt to be
      diagnostic of malaria. The 12 most common diseases and 29 most common symptoms
      were identified by community members. Thirty-six randomly selected women were
      interviewed to determine association of the common diseases and symptoms; nine
      women were aged 15 to 29 years, nine women were 30 to 40 years, nine were 45 to
      59 years and nine were 60 years or more. Women 60 years and older recognized a
      higher proportion of the diseases (P less than 0.0005) when compared with the
      other women of other ages. More than 90% of the women associated headache, fever,
      vomiting, joint pain, loss of appetite, tiredness and death with malaria. Measles
      and influenza were distinguished from malaria by rash and mouth ulcer for measles
      and by 'runny nose' and 'sneezing' for influenza. Analysis by average linkage
      hierarchical clusters revealed that malaria, influenza and measles were
      distinguished readily. The results suggest that if people in Saradidi do not
      obtain treatment from community health workers, it is not because they do not
      recognize the clinical symptoms of malaria.

PMID- 3689032
TI  - Consumption of chloroquine phosphate provided for treatment of malaria by
      volunteer village health workers in Saradidi, Kenya.
AB  - A community-based malaria control programme in Saradidi, Kenya provided
      chloroquine treatment for malaria in each village beginning in May 1982. Malaria
      was holoendemic in Saradidi. Treatment was provided by volunteer community health
      workers chosen and supported by the village. Consumption of the drug and
      characteristics of persons treated were recorded. Between 1 September 1982 to 31
      August 1983, 40,649 treatments with chloroquine were given to village residents.
      The treatment rate per person in the mid-year population was 1.24. However, at
      least 41.8% of the mid-year population of 32,650 did not receive a single
      treatment. Multiple treatments were given to 50.5% of persons treated at least
      once and 13.4% of 13,879 persons treated at least once received five or more
      treatments during the year. Consumption patterns were not random: they were
      higher in females, in persons above 30 years of age and in the area with greater
      community organization and community participation. There is need to ascertain
      the reasons why so large a proportion of the population never received a single
      treatment in this highly malarious area and why adults who should not have had a
      high frequency of clinical malaria were treated so often. Nonetheless, the
      results demonstrate that volunteer community health workers can effectively
      provide treatment for malaria.

PMID- 3689034
TI  - Community-based distribution of family planning services in Saradidi, Kenya.
AB  - Community-based distribution (CBD) of family planning services was initiated in
      1980 in Saradidi, Kenya, as part of a community development effort. Family
      planning information and services in each village were provided by volunteer
      health helpers (VHH's) chosen and supported by the people in each village. The
      initial examination and supply of commodities was provided at a community clinic.
      Less than 1% of women 15 to 49 years of age used a family planning method before
      CBD was initiated. In 1983, 31 (17.3%) of 179 randomly selected currently married
      women and 26 (52.0%) of 50 currently married VHH's reported having used a family
      planning method; 38 (66.7%) were still using a method at the time of the survey.
      Family planning use increased with age and education. Women who used family
      planning had higher parity, were less likely to want more children and had had a
      longer time since the last delivery. From 1980 to 1983, 732 persons (including
      121 men) were seen at the Saradidi clinic requesting family planning services;
      17.2% were referred from the VHH's. About one-third of clients referred from
      VHH's to the clinic for examination and commodities actually came. Allowing VHH's
      to carry out the initial examination and provide the first supply of commodities
      to the acceptors might have significantly increased the rate of family planning
      use. The findings demonstrate an increased use of family planning services in
      Saradidi following the inception of CBD.

PMID- 3689035
TI  - The Saradidi, Kenya, rural health development programme: retrospective
      demographic analysis.
AB  - A census was done in Saradidi, Kenya from 1980 to 1982 as part of a community
      based health development programme. The population was 42,755 (excluding 39
      persons of unknown age or sex); 17.1% were less than five years old, 46.9% were
      below age 15, 4.7% were age 65 years or older and 19.7% were women in the
      reproductive years (age 15 to 44 years). The sex ratio was 86 males per 100
      females due principally to migration of adult males for work. The mean number of
      persons per household was 4.0 and the mean village population was 764. The
      singulate mean age of marriage for men was 27.0 years and for women 19.9 years;
      0.8% of adult men had never married. Only 0.1% of women by age 50 had never been
      married. Men were significantly more likely than women to be married to more than
      one spouse, divorce and separation was higher among men, and by age 50 about one
      third of women were widows. Men had more years of formal education than women and
      young people of both sexes more than older people; 73.1% of men and 96.1% of
      women 60 years and more had never attended school. Infant mortality rates
      estimated indirectly ranged between 139 and 155 by area. A strong association was
      found between increasing education of the mother and decreased reported mortality
      of children. The total fertility of 6.2 was high but lower than the national
      average possibly because of the high rates of polygamy and primary infertility
      and the long periods of amenorrhoea and breast feeding which occurred after
      delivery. This area continues to have one of the highest levels of infant and
      child mortality in Kenya as well as relatively high fertility and a population
      with a very young age structure. This implies a continued very rapid rate of
      population growth which will make more difficult in the future the problems of
      delivering effective health services and overcoming poverty. A vigorous programme
      directed toward improving health is indicated which must include family planning.

PMID- 3689037
TI  - Community leadership and participation in the Saradidi, Kenya, rural health
      development programme.
AB  - Community participation and leadership in initiating and implementing a health
      development programme in Saradidi, Kenya were examined. Organization of the area
      into villages had to be sensitive to existing community organizational structures
      such as geography, religion, kinship and administrative boundaries. The lowest
      level government leaders did not always have the support of the community. Some
      groups such as women and those who were not wealthy were not always included in
      leadership positions; these people, however, were often most aware of certain
      village problems. In Saradidi, women's groups were important for community
      development; they supported the volunteer community health workers and carried
      out many village health activities. Many village health committees did not
      function effectively. Village health workers were supported principally by the
      programme centre. Village income-generating activities were not very successful.
      Group involvement in income raising ventures proved to be inefficient; many ended
      up as income draining activities. Village group income projects must be well
      selected relative to the skills and resources available and the ability of the
      product to be marketed; only exceptional ones should be encouraged. Those based
      at the programme's centre were more successful perhaps because of a greater
      investment in skills, money and marketing. Age was an important factor in
      accepted leadership roles in Saradidi; most effective leaders were more than 45
      years of age. Village health helpers volunteered a significant proportion of
      their time despite poor support by village health committees and no financial
      remuneration. The central project structure and the training they received
      compensated for the lack of guidance by village health committees.

PMID- 3689036
TI  - Impact on mortality and fertility of a community-based malaria control programme
      in Saradidi, Kenya.
AB  - Mortality and fertility rates were measured from 1981 to 1983 by prospective
      registration of vital events as part of a community-based malaria control and
      health development programme in Saradidi, Kenya. There was no obvious effect of
      providing chloroquine phosphate for treatment of malaria in each village on
      mortality or fertility rates. Crude death rates were 13.1 in the year before
      intervention (1 May 1981 to 30 April 1982) and 12.3 after intervention (1
      September 1982 to 31 August 1983). Neonatal mortality increased from 36.8 per
      1000 live births pre-intervention to 49.1 during intervention. There was a slight
      decline in post-neonatal (one to 12 months) mortality (72.8 to 67.0) and a
      significant drop in early childhood mortality (25.2 to 18.2). The change in
      mortality rates in these two age groups were fully explained by a high rate of
      measles mortality in the pre-intervention period. Measles accounted for 35.7% of
      284 reported deaths in infants one to 12 months of age and for 40.9% of 230
      deaths in children one to four years old. There was little change in reported
      malaria-specific mortality rates in infants and young children most likely
      because of a high level of chloroquine use for treatment of presumptive illness.
      Perinatal mortality by area ranged between 60.4 and 81.3 pre-intervention to 79.5
      to 97.2 after the control programme was instituted. Crude birth rates by area
      remained stable at about 40 and general fertility rates were about 200. Both pre
      intervention and during intervention infants were significantly more likely to
      have died without medical consultation than children one to four years. However,
      79.2% of 284 infants and 90.7% of 193 children died in spite of having consulted
      a health worker prior to death. The data suggest that a measles vaccine programme
      would significantly reduce mortality rates in infants and young children. The
      fact that the majority of infants and young children died in spite of receiving
      medical attention indicates both the inadequacy of curative medical services in
      this high mortality setting as well as the necessity for promoting preventive
      health measures.

PMID- 3689038
TI  - Characteristics and functions of community health workers in Saradidi, Kenya.
AB  - A community-based health development programme in Saradidi, Kenya had 126 village
      health helpers (VHH's) for the 56 villages. These volunteer health workers lived
      in the community and served a total population of about 43,000 in an area of 225
      km2. Each VHH served a maximum of 100 households averaging 4.0 persons.
      Conditions imposed by the community were that the VHH be perceived to be a mature
      person, to be compassionate and to have a desire to help people and to live in
      the village. Literacy or formal education were not requirements. VHH's were
      chosen and supported by the people who lived in their village. Characteristics of
      the 126 VHH's were that 96.8% were women, 99.2% were married, 75.4% were between
      25 and 39 years of age, and 80.2% had at least five years of formal education
      (only 7.1% had none). The VHH's spent an average five to ten days each month on
      programme activities in addition to their other responsibilities which included
      preparing meals, cleaning their homes, carrying water and firewood from long
      distances, caring for their children and cultivating food for their family. Each
      VHH visited about 15 households per month, spending one to two hours on a visit.
      Problems experienced by a random sample of 36 VHH's included difficulties due to
      lack of transport, lack of medicines, slowness of the community to accept new
      ideas, distance from project clinic, lack of food in the village, weak village
      health committees, and no payment for services. The main support for the VHH's
      came from village women individually, women's groups, and the central programme
      committee. Village Health Committees did not provide effective support.
      Nevertheless, in four years only four of the 126 VHH's dropped out of the
      programme. The main reasons that 36 VHH's reported for continuing to volunteer
      were as follows: the continuous training they were given was beneficial
      (mentioned by all); they agreed to serve the villages and did not want to go back
      on their word (36.1%); they liked the work (19.4%); they felt they have an impact
      on the health of people in the village (16.7%); the allowances they sometimes
      receive (22.2%); and personal development (13.9%). The characteristics and
      responsibilities of community health workers in Saradidi were similar to those
      elsewhere. The ingredients for a successful volunteer programme such as this one
      are present in many areas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3689039
TI  - The training process in community-based health care in Saradidi, Kenya.
AB  - Community health workers from a community-based health development programme in
      Saradidi, Kenya, were trained beginning in 1980, using participatory training.
      Training was considered high priority by the community. The process of training
      was geared to local problems, perceptions, situations and resources. The content
      of training was based on perceived health problems in the community and on
      responsibilities agreed upon by the health workers. Training was done in or near
      the villages where the participants were living and working. Concrete actions
      that could be taken to solve local problems were emphasized. The trainers were
      people who understood local problems, lived in Saradidi and were known to the
      trainees. Community leaders and members participated in the training as did some
      community health workers after completing their training. Evaluation indicated
      significant changes in the trainees' knowledge practices and behaviour.

PMID- 3689041
TI  - Training of the thoracic surgeon.

PMID- 3689040
TI  - Malaria chemoprophylaxis to pregnant women provided by community health workers
      in Saradidi, Kenya. I. Reasons for non-acceptance.
AB  - Chloroquine prophylaxis for malaria was available free of charge to pregnant
      women in Saradidi, Kenya. The drug was supplied by village health helpers
      (VHH's). However, only 29.1% of 357 pregnant women seen in antenatal clinics from
      1983 to 1984 were on chemoprophylaxis. One hundred and seven pregnant women not
      using antimalarial chemoprophylaxis from 22 villages were interviewed in June
      1984 to determine the reasons. Age (mean 26.9 years), parity (mean 4.5 children),
      occupation (96.3% subsistence farmers and housewives) and education (median five
      to seven years) of the 107 respondents were similar to other women in the area.
      Previous pregnancies had occurred in 92 women; for 15 this was the first
      pregnancy. The last pregnancy had resulted in a live birth for 81 (88.0%), a
      stillbirth for nine (9.8%) and a miscarriage for two (2.2%); 21 (22.8%) of the 92
      had experienced a miscarriage or stillbirth at some time (15 once, five twice and
      one woman four times). Malaria was the most frequent mentioned (28.6% of 21
      women) cause of the last stillbirth or abortion. The major reason for not taking
      chemoprophylaxis was lack of awareness that the service was available (53.3% of
      107 women). Other reasons were fear of chloroquine-induced itching (10.3%), the
      VHH had no drug (8.4%), the VHH had not advised her to take drug (8.4%), the
      woman was 'not sick' (7.5%), the woman was 'lazy' (6.5%), she had not been
      advised by clinic so was afraid to mix medicines (3.7%) and chloroquine was 'bad
      for pregnancy' (1.9%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3689042
TI  - Long-term outcome of cardiac valve substitutes.

PMID- 3689043
TI  - Intrinsic failure of Hancock mitral bioprostheses: 10- to 15-year experience.
AB  - Hancock porcine bioprostheses have been implanted in the mitral position at the
      National Institutes of Health since July, 1970. Eight models (330, 330A, 330B,
      330C, 332, 340, 341, and 342) were used during a 54-month period ending December,
      1974, and 100 consecutive surviving patients were evaluated for subsequent
      bioprosthetic valve failure and prosthesis-related complications by annual clinic
      examinations and serial hemodynamic studies. Actuarial patient survival was 76 +/
      4%, 51 +/- 5%, and 30 +/- 6% after 5, 10, and 15 years, respectively. Intrinsic
      valve failure, defined as structural degeneration of bioprosthetic tissue or
      stent geometry alteration or both, in the absence of prior infection, occurred in
      23 patients. The linear occurrence rate of bioprosthetic valve failure was 0.2%,
      5%, and 15% per patient-year, and it affected 1 patient, 14 patients, and 8
      patients at sequential 5-year milestones. The actuarial freedom from valve
      failure was 99 +/- 1%, 75 +/- 6%, 58 +/- 8%, and 40 +/- 12% after 5, 10, 12, and
      14 years, respectively. The valve durability of early Hancock bioprostheses
      (models 330 through 341; N = 39) was not appreciably different from that of the
      current model 342 valves (N = 61). However, an increased incidence of intrinsic
      valve failure was observed for the first polypropylene-stented valve type (model
      330) compared with the currently available model 342 valve (8/16, 50%, versus
      12/61, 20%; p = 0.034). The yearly occurrence rate of prosthesis-related
      complications remained constant, but the rate of intrinsic valve failure
      increased in a progressive, nonlinear fashion. The high intrinsic failure rate of
      the Hancock porcine bioprosthesis after 10 to 12 years has moderated our initial
      enthusiasm for this valve in the mitral position, and has resulted in more
      frequent implantations of mechanical valve substitutes at this institution.

PMID- 3689044
TI  - Selective operative approach for diagnosis and treatment of anterior mediastinal
      masses.
AB  - We retrospectively reviewed the records of 41 patients with an isolated anterior
      mediastinal mass to identify whether the traditional surgical approach of
      resection for both diagnosis and therapy is the optimal approach to these tumors.
      In addition to plain chest radiographs, clinical evaluation included computed
      tomography (CT) in 23 and gallium scintigraphy in 23. The initial intervention
      was attempted excisional therapy in 16 and mediastinoscopy for biopsy in 25.
      Pathological diagnoses included lymphoma (13), thymoma (11), germ cell tumor (6),
      carcinoid (2), bronchogenic carcinoma (2), and other benign processes (7). Based
      on histological findings, nonoperative therapy was the most appropriate treatment
      in 61%. The clinical selection of the surgical approach was not aided by patient
      age, symptoms, or findings on CT. The gallium scan was positive in 13 of 15
      patients for whom nonoperative therapy was appropriate, and was normal in 7 of 8
      for whom excision was indicated. Mediastinoscopy is useful in the diagnosis of
      anterior mediastinal masses, and may eliminate unnecessary thoracotomy,
      especially when a gallium scan is positive.

PMID- 3689046
TI  - Intermediate-term fate of cryopreserved allograft and xenograft valved conduits.
AB  - Actuarial freedom from reoperation for obstruction in 147 patients receiving
      cryopreserved or fresh allograft valved conduits between a ventricle and the
      pulmonary arteries was 94% at 3.5 years. The 2 patients undergoing reoperation
      were 6 and 36 months of age at the time of insertion of the allograft. Among 24
      patients in whom cardiac catheterization was performed on indication late
      postoperatively, 5 had gradients of more than 40 mm Hg across the conduit. For
      comparison, among 78 patients receiving xenograft or irradiated allograft valved
      conduits, the percentages of freedom from conduit reoperation at 3.5, 5, 10, and
      15 years were 99%, 95%, 59%, and 11%, respectively. The diameters of the
      allograft and xenograft valves inserted varied directly with the age and size of
      the patients, but in patients 3 to 5 years of age, allografts with a diameter of
      at least 21 mm could usually be used.

PMID- 3689045
TI  - On-line detection of reversible myocardial ischemic injury by measurement of
      myocardial electrical impedance.
AB  - The metabolic and physiological alterations associated with changes in myocardial
      tissue electrical resistivity during ischemia were characterized to assess the
      feasibility of using such resistivity as an on-line indicator of the onset of
      ischemic injury. Twelve anesthetized dogs underwent rapid cardiac extirpation; 5
      served as untreated controls, and 7 were pretreated with metoprolol tartrate.
      Beta blockade was used to alter the time course of ischemic injury as
      demonstrated previously in studies using this experimental model. In vitro
      measurement of myocardial resistivity, the detection of ischemic contracture, and
      serial measurements of tissue adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and lactate were
      obtained from totally ischemic left ventricles at 37 degrees C. Myocardial
      resistivity began to increase significantly before onset of ischemic contracture
      in the untreated control group (resistivity at 42.3 +/- 3.1 minutes, contracture
      at 53.8 +/- 3.7 minutes; p less than 0.025) as well as the metoprolol group
      (resistivity at 50.7 +/- 1.5 minutes, contracture at 70.0 +/- 3.5 minutes; p less
      than 0.005). As expected, ischemic contracture was delayed in the beta-blocked
      group compared with controls (p less than 0.01). Similarly, the onset of
      myocardial resistivity increase was delayed in the beta-blocked group (p less
      than 0.025). ATP and lactate levels at the onset of myocardial resistivity
      increase were consistent with severe but reversible injury. Resistivity changes
      during ischemia correlated linearly with simultaneous ATP depletion and lactate
      accumulation (r = 0.88 to 0.98; p less than 0.05). Furthermore, during global
      ischemia studied in 3 anesthetized dogs in vivo, the onset of myocardial
      resistivity increase occurred after 20 minutes. Finally, 6 anesthetized dogs
      underwent 60 minutes of in vivo regional ischemia by coronary artery occlusion,
      followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion. Myocardial resistivity in the ischemic
      region increased immediately and steadily after coronary occlusion, followed by a
      rapid decrease during subsequent reperfusion. These data show that myocardial
      resistivity may be useful for identifying severe but still reversible ischemic
      injury in on-line fashion during regional and global myocardial ischemia.

PMID- 3689047
TI  - Assessment of residual right ventricular outflow tract obstruction following
      surgery using the response to intravenous propranolol.
AB  - The response to intravenous administration of propranolol hydrochloride was
      studied in 24 children undergoing operation for isolated or complex right
      ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Ten had pulmonary valve stenosis, 4 had
      pulmonary valve stenosis plus ventricular septal defect, 8 had tetralogy of
      Fallot, and 2 had complex lesions. Propranolol (0.01 to 0.2 mg per kilogram of
      body weight) was given to patients with a residual right ventricular to left
      ventricular systolic pressure ratio greater than 0.75. Four children did not
      respond to propranolol and required further surgical intervention. Twenty
      patients responded, 2 of whom died. Fifteen were restudied by cardiac
      catheterization 3 weeks to 27 months postoperatively. The right ventricle
      pulmonary artery gradient was 25 mm Hg or less in 13 patients. We conclude that a
      small dose of propranolol given intraoperatively can identify patients in whom a
      reduction in the right ventricle-pulmonary artery gradient to acceptable levels
      will occur in the months following operation. This may reduce the need for
      placement of a subannular or transannular patch in some patients.

PMID- 3689048
TI  - Right atrial myxoma presenting as Budd-Chiari syndrome.
AB  - A 25-year-old man experienced rapidly progressing Budd-Chiari syndrome. Despite
      extensive radiological investigations, no atrial mass could be identified. At
      operation, a right atrial myxoma was found that originated from the eustachian
      valve and prolapsed into the inferior vena cava. Following successful removal of
      the myxoma, the ascites and peripheral edema resolved completely. Right atrial
      myxoma is a rare cardiac tumor that may present with embolic, obstructive, or
      constitutional signs and symptoms and is a potentially curable cause of Budd
      Chiari syndrome.

PMID- 3689049
TI  - Additional aortopulmonary anastomosis for subaortic obstruction in the Rastelli
      type repair for the Taussig-Bing malformation.
AB  - In the Taussig-Bing malformation, residual subaortic obstruction from a
      hypertrophied subaortic conus is often a problem at the time of intraventricular
      repair. To alleviate this problem, during a Rastelli-type repair involving an
      extracardiac valved conduit and an intraventricular connection from the
      ventricular septal defect to both aortic and pulmonary outflows, an additional
      side-to-side anastomosis between the ascending aorta and the proximal portion of
      the divided pulmonary artery can be performed, creating a supplementary outflow
      for the left ventricle. This method was used in 2 patients who had
      anteroposterior transposition of the great arteries, with 1 long-term survivor.

PMID- 3689050
TI  - The physician's view of informed consent.

PMID- 3689051
TI  - Left recurrent laryngeal nerve injury.

PMID- 3689052
TI  - Impalement injuries.

PMID- 3689053
TI  - Frontal lobe degeneration of non-Alzheimer type. I. Neuropathology.
AB  - Among 158 cases of organic dementia in a prospective study concerning both
      psychiatry and regional cerebral blood flow there were 26 cases with a mainly
      frontal or fronto-temporal dementia. Careful neuropathological investigation
      disclosed 20 cases of a mainly frontal or fronto-temporal grey matter
      degeneration, in four of them compatible with Pick's disease (2.5%) whereas 16
      cases (10%) appeared to form a separate group without histological Alzheimer
      features and therefore named 'frontal lobe degeneration of non-Alzheimer type'
      (FLD). The remaining group of dementias of a clinically similar type proved to
      consist of cases of Jakob-Creutzfeldt's and Alzheimer's disease with frontal
      predominance and also a case of normal frontal cortex with a projected
      dysfunction caused by bilateral thalamic infarctions. Also other similar
      conditions are accounted for from the literature. The validity of the
      pathological changes described here, particularly with regard to their severity
      and regional distribution as well as their tendency to spare certain areas is
      attested by the clinical picture including neuropsychiatric symptoms and the
      regional cerebral blood flow pattern, both consistently producing the picture of
      a frontal and fronto-temporal disease of a progressive degenerative type. These
      features are dealt with in the following papers by Gustafson (1987) and Risberg
      (1987). FLD is in some morphological respects similar to other dementing
      disorders such as the ALS dementia complex and progressive subcortical gliosis,
      though with both clinical and clear-cut pathoanatomical differences. For the time
      being it seems safest to conclude that we are faced with a hitherto not fully
      recognized if not a new type of dementia caused by 'simple' neuronal degeneration
      of mainly the frontal or frontal and temporal lobes. It makes up about 10% of
      organic dementias, a figure that would be higher in purely clinical
      classifications due to the admixture of other frontal lobe disorders or frontally
      projected dysfunction clinically simulating FLD of the pathoanatomical type here
      described.

PMID- 3689054
TI  - Frontal lobe degeneration of non-Alzheimer type. II. Clinical picture and
      differential diagnosis.
AB  - In a longitudinal prospective study of dementia, 158 patients were investigated
      post mortem. Sixteen patients were classified as frontal lobe dementia (FLD) of
      non-Alzheimer type and four cases as Pick's disease. Positive heredity for
      dementia was reported in 50% of these cases compared to 30% in a reference group
      of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The typical clinical picture in FLD
      and Pick's disease was that of a slowly progressive dementia, at an early stage
      dominated by personality change, lack of insight, disinhibition, and later on
      stereotypy and increased apathy. There was also a progressive dynamic aphasia
      ending in mutism and amimia. Memory and spatial functions were comparatively
      spared. Disinhibition, oral/dietary hyperactivity, and echolalia were more
      consistently found in Pick's disease compared to FLD. The differential diagnosis
      against AD, cerebrovascular dementia, and other degenerative dementias and
      against affective disorders and psychotic reactions are discussed.

PMID- 3689055
TI  - Frontal lobe degeneration of non-Alzheimer type. III. Regional cerebral blood
      flow.
AB  - Results from measurements of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) by 133Xe
      inhalation are presented for neuropathologically proven cases of frontal lobe
      degeneration of non-Alzheimer type, Pick's disease, Alzheimer's and Creutzfeldt
      Jakob's diseases with frontal predominance and one case of bilateral thalamic
      infarction. The pathological and neuropsychiatric findings in these cases were
      described in the preceding articles. rCBF-data were available in nine patients
      with the diagnosis of frontal lobe degeneration of non-Alzheimer type and in all
      four patients with Pick's disease. All 13 patients showed a pathologic flow
      pattern with focally reduced values in frontal, especially pre-frontal, areas of
      both hemispheres. The most pronounced focal pathology was seen in the Pick group.
      Post-central areas were typically better preserved. Two cases of Alzheimer's
      disease with frontal accentuation had, in addition to low frontal values, also a
      parietal focal reduction. Frontal flows were also reduced in two cases of
      Creutzfeldt-Jakob's disease while the hypofrontality fluctuated from one study to
      another in the case of thalamic infarcts. The extent and localization of cerebral
      dysfunction in patients with organic dementing disorders, including those
      affecting the frontal lobes, can thus be described by means of rCBF measurements.
      Previous studies have shown about 90% accuracy of diagnosis by rCBF compared to
      diagnosis at autopsy. The possibility for exact localization of the dysfunction
      has recently been improved by the development of a high-resolution system (254
      detectors). Results from the first recordings with this system are presented.

PMID- 3689057
TI  - [Parasitic nematode fauna of mammals in Tunisia and neighboring countries].

PMID- 3689056
TI  - Frontal lobe degeneration of non-Alzheimer type. IV. White matter changes.
AB  - The cerebral white matter in 16 cases of frontal lobe non-Alzheimer degeneration
      with dementia (FLD), four cases of Pick's disease and five age-matched controls
      was studied microscopically. All cases of dementia had white matter alterations,
      consisting of gliosis and loss of myelin, with a regional spread of changes that
      roughly corresponded with that of the cortical degeneration. The white matter
      changes were less severe than the cortical alterations, although the relative
      degree of severity between grey and white matter pathology varied from case to
      case. The white matter changes were in some respects similar in FLD and Pick's
      disease. They differed from those of other organic dementias. In FLD, they seem
      to be part of the histopathologic picture and to be secondary to the cortical
      degeneration.

PMID- 3689058
TI  - [Skeletochronological determination of age and demographic analysis of a
      population of Acanthodactylus pardalis (Lischenstein, 1823) of the Kerkennah
      islands (Tunisia)].
AB  - The skeletochronological analysis of 34 adult lizards from population of
      Acanthodactylus pardalis of Kerkennah islands in Tunisia enabled to: determine
      the individual age of the animals; delineate four various cohorts making up the
      studied population; evaluate around 4 years life span in nature of this species;
      point out that the renewal rate accounts for 41% of its population. Moreover the
      method of "maximums successifs" is applied on sizeable sample in order to shore
      up the obtained results.

PMID- 3689059
TI  - [Characterization of vitellogenins and vitellines in Ceratatitis capitata
      (Diptera, Trypetidae): electrophoretic and immunoelectrophoretic study].
AB  - Electrophoretic study of haemolymphatic proteins in Ceratitis capitata has
      allowed to establish a proteic sexual dimorphism in this insect. This consists in
      a proteic fraction which is specific to the male and which appears at the
      imaginal ecdysis and stays during all the imaginal stage and in 3 other fractions
      which are characteristic to the female. Immuno electrophoretic study showed that
      these female proteins could be considered as vitellogenins. The nature and the
      mode of incorporation of those proteins in the oocyte are discussed.

PMID- 3689060
TI  - Back to the future.

PMID- 3689061
TI  - An anesthesiologist's philosophy on 'medical clearance' for surgical patients.

PMID- 3689063
TI  - Nosocomial fungemia in a large community teaching hospital.
AB  - This report reviews 48 episodes of hospital-acquired fungemia that occurred over
      a four-year period at a large community teaching hospital. The incidence of
      hospital-acquired fungemia increased eightfold during the study period. Candida
      albicans (58%), Candida tropicalis (25%), and Candida parapsilosis (15%) were the
      most common fungal pathogens isolated from blood cultures. Twenty-one patients
      (44%) had concomitant bacteremia. Intravascular catheters (100%), antibiotic
      administration (98%), urinary catheters (81%), surgical procedures (65%),
      parenteral alimentation (60%), and corticosteroid administration (54%) were the
      most common predisposing factors. The overall mortality rate was 75%.
      Hospitalization on the medical service, age greater than 60 years, and hospital
      stay less than 100 days were associated with a significantly increased mortality
      rate.

PMID- 3689062
TI  - Ibuprofen-associated renal dysfunction. Pathophysiologic mechanisms of acute
      renal failure, hyperkalemia, tubular necrosis, and proteinuria.
AB  - Ibuprofen-associated, acute, reversible renal failure with hyperkalemia, tubular
      necrosis, and proteinuria developed in a patient who had no predisposing
      underlying disease. A renal biopsy specimen revealed mesangial hypercellularity
      without glomerular crescent formation. A profound interstitial nephritis with
      focal inflammatory cell infiltrates of predominantly mononuclear cells and
      neutrophils as well as focal tubular destruction was seen. Vasculitis was not
      observed. Ultrastructural studies confirmed the light microscopic diagnosis of a
      tubulointerstitial nephritis and, in addition, indicated the presence of electron
      dense mesangial and subepithelial deposits. Direct immunofluorescence examination
      showed diffuse mesangial IgM and C3 deposition as well as vascular C3 deposition.
      Renal failure rapidly resolved after discontinuation of ibuprofen therapy and
      initiation of steroid therapy, with return to normal levels of serum creatinine,
      urea nitrogen, potassium, and sodium. Proteinuria also resolved.

PMID- 3689064
TI  - Efficacy of intensive plasmapheresis in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.
AB  - Forty-one patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura were treated at the
      Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, between 1975 and 1985.
      Initially, early splenectomy was performed. However, since 1981, more intensive
      plasma exchange therapy (increase in frequency and size of exchange) has been
      used as the primary modality of treatment for this disorder. A reduction of the
      mortality rate over time has been observed. For the period 1975 to 1980, the
      mortality rate was 41% (seven of 17). In contrast, for the period 1981 to 1985,
      the mortality rate decreased to 17% (four of 24). These observations support the
      concept that the initial management of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura with
      intensive daily plasma exchange is associated with improved survival. The role of
      platelet inhibitors and corticosteroids needs yet to be defined.

PMID- 3689065
TI  - Ranitidine protects against gastroduodenal mucosal damage associated with chronic
      aspirin therapy.
AB  - A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study examined whether concomitant
      administration of ranitidine could protect against the gastroduodenal mucosal
      damage associated with long-term aspirin therapy in healthy men. Twenty-four
      subjects received ranitidine (150 mg twice daily) plus aspirin (650 mg four times
      daily), and 19 received placebo twice daily plus aspirin (650 mg four times
      daily) for four weeks. Gastric injury and duodenal injury were assessed
      separately according to a numerical rating scale for incidence and severity of
      lesions observed during endoscopic examinations at baseline and after four weeks
      of treatment. The ranitidine/aspirin group had significantly less mucosal damage
      in the stomach and duodenum than the placebo/aspirin group. Mean serum salicylate
      levels were similar between treatment groups after two and four weeks of aspirin
      therapy. Therefore, the protective effect of ranitidine was achieved with no
      compromise in salicylate absorption.

PMID- 3689066
TI  - Malignant mesothelioma with occupational and environmental asbestos exposure in
      an Illinois community hospital.
AB  - Clinical, radiologic, pathologic, and epidemiologic data on 32 patients with
      diffuse malignant mesothelioma (DMM) diagnosed between 1968 and 1984 at a 427-bed
      community hospital in Berwyn, Ill, were reviewed. Independent pathologists'
      review of light microscopy, supported by electron microscopy, immunoperoxidase
      staining, or autopsy, confirmed 29 pleural and three peritoneal DMMs. Clinical
      and radiologic characteristics were similar to those in published case series.
      Median age at diagnosis was 67 years, and median survival after diagnosis, seven
      months. Fourteen patients were women. Exposure histories were obtained through 22
      interviews supplemented by hospital charts and death certificates. Thirty
      patients (94%) had a history of asbestos exposure through work (15 [47%]) and/or
      residence near an asbestos facility (27 [84%]). Medical records and death
      certificates underreported asbestos exposure and DMM.

PMID- 3689067
TI  - Why predictive indexes perform less well in validation studies. Is it magic or
      methods?
AB  - When prognostic indexes have been tested in a second population, they have often
      performed less well. Since this is believed to be inevitable, methodologic
      differences that may explain the discrepancies have been overlooked. Data from a
      prospective study of 232 patients undergoing noncardiac surgery were used to
      examine the effect of methodologic differences in assembly of population,
      postoperative surveillance, and the criteria for cardiac complications on the
      performance of Goldman's cardiac risk index. Our prospective population was used
      to simulate the methods used in Goldman's study and in three other studies using
      the risk index to demonstrate the potential impact of differences in population,
      surveillance, and outcome criteria for cardiac complications. If Goldman's
      detection and outcome criteria were employed and only the eligibility criteria
      used for assembly of the populations differed, the overall complication rates
      would be between 5.2% and 6.9%; and the complication rates for the different
      Goldman classes were similar. When both different detection strategies and
      different outcome criteria were used, however, important discrepancies in cardiac
      complication rates emerged. For example, complication rates in class 2 varied
      from 2% to 23%. In conclusion, important discrepancies in performance of
      prognostic indexes may arise from differences in surveillance strategies and
      definitions of outcome. With sufficient attention to methodologic consistency,
      the performance of predictive indexes may not inevitably deteriorate in
      subsequent studies.

PMID- 3689069
TI  - A study of patient acceptance of double-contrast barium enema and colonoscopy.
      Which procedure is preferred by patients?
AB  - To our knowledge, no previous study has addressed the question of which method of
      evaluation of the lower gastrointestinal tract is preferred by patients, air
      contrast barium enema or colonoscopy. Over a four-month period, we asked 189
      consecutive patients who had undergone colonoscopy to express their preference
      for either air-contrast barium enema or colonoscopy. A clear preference for
      colonoscopy was expressed by our patients in terms of comfort and polyp detection
      despite higher cost. Time lost from work and post-procedure constipation were
      significantly less for colonoscopy than for barium enema. These factors should be
      considered in the evaluation of suspected lower gastrointestinal tract disease.

PMID- 3689068
TI  - Cardiac tamponade and constrictive pericarditis complicating endoscopic
      sclerotherapy.
AB  - We report a case of suspected esophageal perforation with injection of a
      sclerosing agent into the pericardium during endoscopic sclerotherapy of
      esophageal varices. Immediately after the procedure, the patient developed fever
      and a pericardial friction rub. Eight months later, he presented with cardiac
      tamponade and constrictive pericarditis. This complication should be considered
      whenever a patient presents with inadequate cardiac output, venous congestion,
      and a pulsus paradoxus following sclerotherapy.

PMID- 3689071
TI  - Occult sinus abnormalities in the asthmatic patient.
AB  - Unrecognized sinusitis has been cited by others as a significant unrecognized
      factor in patients with asthma, chronic rhinitis, and urticaria. The current
      study examines the utility of roentgenography of the paranasal sinuses in such
      patients. Forty-seven percent of patients with flare-ups of asthma had abnormal
      sinus roentgenograms, a highly significant difference from the 29% prevalence in
      patients presenting with complaints of rhinitis. The patient's clinical history
      was most often not helpful in predicting whether or not roentgenographic
      abnormalities of the sinuses would be detected. Since maxillary sinusitis is the
      most frequent finding, the erect Waters' view is the most useful single
      roentgenogram.

PMID- 3689070
TI  - Nosocomial dermatitis and pruritus caused by pigeon mite infestation.
AB  - We report an outbreak of pigeon mite infestation involving two patients, two
      nurses, and one physician on a medical ward in a municipal hospital. The index
      patient developed a diffuse, pruritic erythematous maculopapular rash on his
      trunk and extremities. Dermanyssus gallinae, a nonburrowing, blood-sucking avian
      mite was identified on the patient and his bedding. A second patient who
      complained of scalp pruritus had mites present on her pillow and bed linen. The
      intern taking care of both patients, and two nurses who had contact with these
      patients, had mite infestation. Pigeons roosting on the air conditioners and near
      the doors connecting the patients' rooms to a sunporch were the source of the
      mites. The outbreak abated after control measures were instituted that prevented
      pigeons from roosting on the porch. This outbreak illustrates an unusual cause of
      nosocomial pruritic dermatitis that may be misdiagnosed as scabies or
      pediculosis. Physicians and health care personnel working in metropolitan areas
      are alerted to mites as a cause of pruritic dermatitis that may be chronic,
      recurrent, or unresponsive to ectoparasiticides.

PMID- 3689072
TI  - An immediate generalized reaction to iopamidol.
AB  - Intravascularly administered lower-osmolality contrast media cause fewer adverse
      effects than do higher-osmolality media. Immediate generalized reactions such as
      acute urticaria or bronchospasm have been documented occasionally in patients
      receiving lower-osmolality contrast media. To our knowledge, this is the first
      reported case of an immediate generalized reaction to a lower-osmolality contrast
      medium in which significant hypotension also occurred. During cardiac
      catheterization, in a patient who had never been exposed to a contrast medium, a
      69-year old man developed chest tightness, periorbital and facial edema, slight
      uvular edema, and a decline in blood pressure from 150/71 to 97/67 mm Hg.
      Epinephrine hydrochloride, diphenhydramine hydrochloride, and hydrocortisone were
      administered. The lack of absolute safety of lower-osmolality contrast media
      emphasizes the need for clinical awareness and availability of emergency therapy
      when these agents are utilized.

PMID- 3689073
TI  - Severe metabolic and respiratory alkalosis associated with the treatment of
      congestive heart failure.
AB  - A high blood pH level is usually associated with an extremely poor prognosis. We
      present a case of significantly elevated arterial blood pH (pH, 7.81) that was
      associated with the aggressive treatment of congestive heart failure. The
      recognition of this disorder and the institution of appropriate therapy resulted
      in complete recovery.

PMID- 3689074
TI  - Hypercalcemia and elevated serum calcitriol in a patient with seminoma.
AB  - This report describes a 49-year-old man with hypercalcemia and seminoma. His
      serum calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D) level was markedly elevated.
      Additional endocrine evaluation revealed a normal serum phosphate level,
      hypercalciuria, and normal serum levels of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone.
      Serum calcium and calcitriol levels returned to normal following partial
      resection and successful combination chemotherapy. The association of
      hypercalcemia and elevated serum calcitriol levels has been previously described
      in a few patients with malignant lymphoma, but, to our knowledge, not in patients
      with solid tumors. The mechanism of hypercalcemia in this patient is not proved,
      but available evidence suggests calcitriol as the mediator.

PMID- 3689075
TI  - Haemophilus parainfluenzae meningitis in an adult with an inherited deficiency of
      the seventh component of complement.

PMID- 3689076
TI  - Diagnosis of central vein catheter-related sepsis.

PMID- 3689077
TI  - Atherosclerosis, hypertension, and coronary artery disease.

PMID- 3689078
TI  - Dantrolene for amphotericin B-induced rigors.

PMID- 3689079
TI  - Idiopathic hypereosinophilia associated with hepatic vein thrombosis.

PMID- 3689080
TI  - Toxic reaction to improperly administered phenytoin suspension.

PMID- 3689081
TI  - Scanning electron microscopic study of gallbladder carcinoma.

PMID- 3689082
TI  - The preventive effect of vitamin E on gallstone formation. (1). A study of
      biliary cholesterol and bile acids in vitamin E-deficient hamsters.

PMID- 3689083
TI  - The preventive effect of vitamin E on gallstone formation. (2). A study of the
      prevention of gallstone formation and protection from liver disorder in hamsters.

PMID- 3689084
TI  - The preventive effect of vitamin E on gallstone formation. (3). A study of the
      biliary lipids in patients with gallstones.

PMID- 3689085
TI  - Follow-up studies of long-term survivors in biliary atresia.

PMID- 3689086
TI  - Scintigraphic evaluation of reconstructive surgery in gastrectomy for gastric
      cancer.

PMID- 3689087
TI  - A comparative study of biomechanical property of Kuntscher nail and Otte-Plansee
      nail.

PMID- 3689088
TI  - [Life tables and cerebrovascular disease].

PMID- 3689089
TI  - [Ischemic optic neuropathy: clinical and electrophysiological aspects].

PMID- 3689090
TI  - [Inter-observer reproducibility of qualitative scales in Parkinson disease (I)].

PMID- 3689091
TI  - [Effects of high-frequency ventilation on intracranial pressure and brain
      elasticity. Experimental study].

PMID- 3689092
TI  - [Primary diffuse meningeal melanoma].

PMID- 3689093
TI  - Life threat and posttraumatic stress in school-age children.
AB  - One hundred fifty-nine children (14.5% of the student body) were sampled after a
      fatal sniper attack on their elementary school playground. Systematic self
      reports of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms were obtained by use of
      a child PTSD Reaction Index. Analysis of variance revealed significant
      differences by exposure but not by sex, ethnicity, or age. Additional analyses
      were conducted of individual item response, overall severity of PTSD reaction,
      symptom grouping, and previous life events. The results provide strong evidence
      that acute PTSD symptoms occur in school-age children with a notable correlation
      between proximity to the violence and type and number of PTSD symptoms. Sampling
      at approximately one month after the trauma provided adequate delineation among
      exposure groups. The symptom profile of highly exposed children lends validity to
      the diagnosis of acute PTSD in childhood.

PMID- 3689094
TI  - A comparison between the Present State Examination and the Composite
      International Diagnostic Interview.
AB  - Item-by-item interrater agreement, CATEGO syndrome and class agreement, and
      agreement for Index of Definition were compared for the Present State Examination
      (PSE) and for the PSE items included in the Composite International Diagnostic
      Interview. Both interviews were given to 30 subjects representing a wide range of
      diagnoses, including hospitalized psychotic patients and outpatients with milder
      neurotic symptoms. Although agreement over individual questions was
      disappointing, when broader issues, such as syndrome classification, diagnostic
      class, and severity, were considered, agreement between interviews attained
      statistical significance.

PMID- 3689095
TI  - The predictive validity of lay Diagnostic Interview Schedule diagnoses in the
      general population. A comparison with physician examiners.
AB  - A clinical reexamination by psychiatrists is a useful comparison for exploring
      lay Diagnostic Interview Schedule-derived psychiatric diagnoses in general
      population surveys, but as a validity standard psychiatric reexamination is less
      than ideal. There are many potential sources of disagreement that have nothing to
      do with the validity of either the lay or the psychiatrist examination. Another
      approach to comparing lay and psychiatrist diagnoses is to examine their relative
      predictive power. We describe such a comparison using outcome variables derived
      from the one-year follow-up examination of Epidemiologic Catchment Area
      respondents done at the St. Louis site. We examine several outcome variables
      across nine diagnostic categories. Within the limits of the available data, lay
      and psychiatrist diagnoses appear to be essentially equal in terms of the number
      of outcomes better predicted and few of the differences in predictive power
      approach statistical significance. We discuss the implications of these findings
      for the analysis of lay interviewer Diagnostic Interview Schedule-derived
      diagnoses.

PMID- 3689096
TI  - Hippocampal pyramidal cell orientation in schizophrenia. A controlled
      neurohistologic study of the Yakovlev collection.
AB  - The finding of marked disorganization of the hippocampal pyramidal cell layer in
      the brains of schizophrenic patients has recently been reported. The present
      study was undertaken to determine whether similar abnormalities could be found in
      the brains of a population of schizophrenic patients, most of whom were never
      exposed to neuroleptics. Though statistical analysis of 2808 pyramidal cells
      failed to reveal significantly greater disorganization in a group of seven
      alleged schizophrenic brains than in brains of age-matched, nonpsychotic
      controls, the data suggest a relationship between the degree of pyramidal cell
      disarray and the severity of behavioral impairment due to psychosis. The
      implications and pitfalls in interpreting these findings are discussed.

PMID- 3689097
TI  - Methodology in psychiatric research. Report on the 1986 MacArthur Foundation
      Network I Methodology Institute.
AB  - This report discusses many of the issues raised during a two-day institute that
      focused on methodological problems encountered in psychiatric research. The
      topics range from the problems with psychiatric diagnosis and measurement to
      sampling issues and biases to specific statistical concerns. Attention is given
      to the need for improved communication and collaboration between psychiatric
      researchers and biostatisticians.

PMID- 3689098
TI  - Computer modeling of mental processes.

PMID- 3689099
TI  - Increase in human urine homovanillic acid concentration after neuroleptic
      treatment is the same with or without debrisoquin administration.

PMID- 3689100
TI  - Plasma haloperidol levels and clinical response.

PMID- 3689101
TI  - Electrodermal responsivity and suicide risk.

PMID- 3689102
TI  - [Studies on dichlorvos (DDVP). I. Testing of dichlorvos for carcinogenic activity
      in mice].
AB  - Up to now the question remained open, whether or not the pesticide Dichlorvos,
      should be classified as a carcinogen. We report on our results of long-time oral
      administration to male and female C57B1/6/Bln-mice of Dichlorvos to test the
      compound for carcinogenic activity. Dichlorvos significantly increased the
      incidence of focal hyperplasias (transitional cell hyperplasias) of the urinary
      bladder in male and female mice and decreased significantly the incidence of
      mixed lymphomas in mice of both sexes as compared with control animals (treated
      with solvent or untreated). There were no neoplastic lesions found including
      papillomas of the urinary bladder which could be attributed to the treatment of
      the animals with Dichlorvos.

PMID- 3689103
TI  - [Testing of the renal capsule technic in normal immunocompetent mice].
AB  - We have examined the possibility of transplanting syngeneic and xenogeneic tumor
      material below the renal capsule of normal, immunocompetent mice as a
      chemotherapeutic test model. Whereas the Lewis lung carcinoma in the syngeneic
      system was appropriated for the 6-day-test, only 56% of spontaneous C3H mammary
      carcinomas showed an increase in the size of the transplanted material. An
      individual sensitivity to the cytostatic agents as an expression of biological
      variability could be detected for primary C3H mammary carcinomas. Both,
      xenogeneic lines of human origin, established in nude mice, and fresh resection
      material from the clinic showed on the normal, immunocompetent mouse no time
      dependent, reproducible growth of the transplanted material in control animals.
      However, growth is considered as a precondition for estimating the effect of
      therapy. The normal, immunocompetent mouse was in our experiments not suitable
      for application of the renal capsule assay in the 6-day-test as a recipient for
      xenogeneic transplantation.

PMID- 3689104
TI  - [Increased incidence of malignant tumors of the nose and nasal sinuses in workers
      in the wood industry and other occupations].
AB  - In the period of 1958-1979 in the files of National Cancer Register (NCR) of GDR
      1,313 patients with nasal cancer (ICD 160) were registered in seven districts of
      the GDR. In collaboration with NCR the occupational history of 1,160 patients
      with nasal cancer was recorded by a questionnaire. The results suggest an
      increased number of tumors in several professions. Compared to about 19 expected
      tumors in male woodworkers the number of the observed was 70. This is a
      statistical significant risk of 3.6.

PMID- 3689105
TI  - Induction of penile erection by intracavernosal injection: a double-blind
      comparison of phenoxybenzamine versus papaverine-phentolamine versus saline.
AB  - Recent data suggest that intracavernous injections of phenoxybenzamine in saline,
      and/or papaverine with phentolamine mesylate in saline, result in erection in
      otherwise impotent men. A double-blind study using normal saline and normal
      saline mixed with phenoxybenzamine or papaverine-phenotolamine mesylate showed
      that none of 11 subjects with organic erection dysfunction responded with
      appreciable penile swelling to saline injection, but all responded with some
      degree of penile swelling to the other solutions. The mechanism of penile
      erection in response to intracavernous injections is still unclear, but it is
      thought to be related to the alpha-adrenergic blocking and/or smooth muscle
      relaxant actions of these drugs; the volume of the injection or the normal saline
      content of the solution are not factors in causing penile tumescence.

PMID- 3689106
TI  - Parameters of sexual contact of boys with women.
AB  - The incidence of sexual contact with boys by women was found more prevalent than
      had been contended in the clinical literature. Male penitentiary inmates reported
      higher heterosexual contact as children than did college men. The effects upon
      the boy and his later adult sex life were generally reported as not traumatic,
      although coercion by the woman tended to be associated with a bad feeling about
      the experience at the time and a negative effect upon adult sex life. The
      majority of women were friends, neighbors, baby sitters, and strangers to the
      boy. Intercourse and genital touching were the predominant forms of sexual
      activity. Prison women who reported having such contact were significantly higher
      than the prison women who did not report contact on the Mini-Mult Schizophrenia
      and Hypomania scales and significantly lower on the Lie scale. Educational levels
      of the men and their parents were inversely associated with history of sexual
      contact.

PMID- 3689107
TI  - Correlates of fantasy-induced and film-induced male sexual arousal.
AB  - Penile circumference and subjective arousal were recorded while 66 men attempted
      to achieve erection by engaging in fantasy. Similar measures were taken while the
      same men viewed an erotic film. Not only was fantasy-induced sexual arousal
      relatively unrelated to film-induced sexual arousal, but the two sets of measures
      had different correlates. Over and above the contribution attributable to
      demographic and state variables, the subjects' rated level of fantasy during
      masturbation and their scores on the Betts QMI Scales predicted significant
      variance in subjective and physiological arousal. Subjects with low and high
      levels of fantasy-induced sexual arousal were differentiated on the basis of the
      vividness of their mental imagery as well as the frequency with which they used
      the most erotic sexual fantasies when attempting to achieve erection. In contrast
      to fantasy-induced arousal, film-induced arousal levels were independent of a
      person's capacity to form images.

PMID- 3689108
TI  - Heterosexuality/homosexuality: dichotomy or continuum.
AB  - A recent reanalysis of Kinsey's data rejected his conclusion that heterosexuality
      and homosexuality were a continuum. A number of studies have been published over
      the past decade reporting that 5% or less of adolescents were aware of homosexual
      feelings, a finding also inconsistent with Kinsey's data. These studies have
      rejected prenatal hormones and rearing by homosexual parents as influencing
      sexual orientation. If Kinsey's data are correct and 40% or more of adolescents
      are aware of homosexual feeling the findings of these studies are invalid. Two
      replications of an initial study with representative samples of medical students
      found over 40% of both males and females currently aware of some homosexual
      feelings, consistent with Kinsey's conclusion. The ratio of reported homosexual
      to heterosexual feelings correlated with opposite sex-linked behaviors in the
      male, supporting the validity of the subjects' reports. If subjects
      representative of other subgroups of the population are investigated with this
      easily implemented method and report similar data, this theoretically and
      sociologically significant divergence of belief concerning the incidence of the
      heterosexual/homosexual balance would be resolved.

PMID- 3689109
TI  - Sex differences in sexuality among medical students: effects of increasing
      socioeconomic status.
AB  - Research has consistently shown that, compared to men, women are more cautious
      and selective and maintain greater marital aspirations in entering and
      maintaining sexual relationships. One explanation of this sex difference is that
      women have traditionally had inferior access to earning power and social status
      and consequently were forced to acquire socioeconomic status (SES) through their
      choice of marriage partners. A contrasting view is that this difference is a
      component of the basic sex difference identified in the Kinsey studies: Men are
      more likely than women to dissociate coitus from emotional attachment and to
      desire and seek coitus with a variety of partners. These two explanations were
      explored in open-ended interviews with matched samples of 20 male and 20 female
      medical students. The results were more consistent with the perspective of basic
      sex differences than with the differential resources explanation. Increasing
      female SES does not appear to eliminate or even substantially reduce this sex
      difference. Increasing SES tends to enlarge the pool of acceptable, available
      sexual and marital partners for men while it tends to reduce the pool for women.
      Increasing SES thus tends to have different effects on men and women and may
      cause sex differences in the tendency to associate coitus with emotional
      attachments and marital aspirations to be more, rather than less, apparent.
      Extensive case data with verbatim quotations are presented to reveal the emotions
      and desires underlying subjects' overt behavior.

PMID- 3689110
TI  - 39th annual meeting of the Society of Surgical Oncology. London, April 27 to
      April 30, 1987. Part II.

PMID- 3689111
TI  - Colorectal cancer. Dukes' stage, tumor site, preoperative plasma CEA level, and
      patient prognosis related to tumor DNA ploidy pattern.
AB  - Flow cytometric DNA histograms of colorectal carcinomas from 264 patients were
      evaluated for the association of tumor site, Dukes' stage, tumor grade, and
      preoperative carcinoembryonic level with patient survival. The DNA nondiploid
      carcinomas were significantly more common from the left (descending and sigmoid)
      colon and the rectum. A poorer prognosis was found for patients with DNA
      nondiploid cancers than for patients with DNA diploid cancers. This was
      particularly true for patients with Dukes' stages B2 and C tumors with a small
      number (one to three) of lymph nodes with metastatic deposits. The DNA nondiploid
      cancers also had a relatively poorer prognosis in patients with unresectable
      disease. In a Cox multivariate analysis model, the DNA pattern was an independent
      prognostic variable for this group of 264 patients with resected colorectal
      carcinoma.

PMID- 3689112
TI  - Surgical treatment of lymph nodes with metastatic melanoma from unknown primary
      site.
AB  - To determine the prognosis of patients with lymph node metastases from an unknown
      primary melanoma, we retrospectively reviewed the clinicopathologic features of
      188 such patients treated from 1971 through 1986 and compared their records with
      those of patients with clinical stage II melanoma with known primary lesions.
      Patients with lymph node metastases from an unknown primary melanoma represented
      4.6% of all patients with melanoma treated during that period. The five- and ten
      year survival rates were 42% and 40%, respectively (median, 37 months). When
      stratified by number of tumor-containing lymph nodes, there was no significant
      difference in survival between patients with an unknown primary melanoma and
      lymph node metastases and those with clinical stage II melanoma and known primary
      sites. The prognosis of the former patients is no worse than that of patients
      with lymph node metastases from a known primary site and should be treated in a
      comparable manner.

PMID- 3689113
TI  - Human immune response to monoclonal antibody administration is dose-dependent.
AB  - When mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) are injected into patients they usually
      induce an immune response. The resultant human anti-mouse-immunoglobulin antibody
      (Hu-aMAb) limits multiple injections of these reagents. A strategy to decrease
      the production of Hu-aMAb was tested in 20 patients with advanced
      gastrointestinal carcinoma. Ten patients received 700 mg of MAb as their initial
      exposure to mouse immunoglobulin, while the other ten patients received 100-mg of
      immunoglobulin initially. Each group received the same maintenance regimen until
      Hu-aMAb or disease progression was detected. Six patients in the high-dose group
      did not produce detectable Hu-aMAb for up to five months after initial exposure.
      All ten of the patients who received the low initial dose developed Hu-aMAb.
      Allergic reaction did not occur in the absence of Hu-aMAb. This larger initial
      dose in vivo injection strategy may allow repetitive exposure to MAb reagents
      without Hu-aMAb limiting further diagnostic or therapeutic use of murine
      immunoglobulin.

PMID- 3689114
TI  - The current evaluation of nonpalpable breast lesions.
AB  - To understand the suspected low yield of malignant neoplasms from biopsies guided
      by needle localization, we reviewed 122 biopsies performed from January 1985 to
      November 1986 at University Hospital and Arkansas Baptist Medical Center, Little
      Rock. The positive biopsy rates were 3.5% and 10.6%, respectively. After review
      of these cases, the following guidelines for biopsy were developed: (1) Do not
      perform a biopsy on a low-density mass less than 1 cm in diameter. (2) Do not
      perform a biopsy for asymmetric density or questionable mass. (3) Do not perform
      a biopsy for secondary signs of malignancy such as skin thickening or asymmetric
      vasculature. (4) Biopsy is indicated for clustered calcifications, a dominant
      mass greater than 1 cm in diameter, stellate lesions, or interval change from a
      previous mammogram. These changes resulted in a positive biopsy rate of 15% for
      the period from November 1986 through April 1987.

PMID- 3689115
TI  - Intraoperative single-dose radiotherapy. Observations on staging and interstitial
      treatment of unresectable liver metastases.
AB  - Fourteen patients with a history of colonic cancer were evaluated for metastatic
      disease and were thought to have unresectable disease confined to the liver.
      Exploratory surgery revealed that two patients had extensive extrahepatic
      disease, and the procedure was terminated. In 12 patients, closed-end needles
      (diameter, 2.1 mm) were introduced into each nodule and connected to a 370-MBq
      (10-Ci) afterloading iridium source. Radiation doses were dependent on nodule
      size, providing minimum doses of 20 Gy (2000 rad) to the lesion's periphery with
      rapid radiation falloff avoiding toxic effects to adjacent normal tissue. The
      maximum number of nodules treated in one patient was 11. The largest nodule
      treated measured 9 x 6.5 x 6 cm. Cholecystectomy in four patients allowed precise
      implantation and obviated biliary fistula. Preoperative computed tomography
      underestimated the number of hepatic metastases in all cases but one, and
      treatment-induced computed tomographic alterations further limited its utility.
      Radiation treatment was well tolerated, and the median hospitalization was eight
      days. Of ten patients whose preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen values exceeded
      10 ng/dL, the values in six patients decreased postoperatively.

PMID- 3689116
TI  - The acute metabolic effects of tumor necrosis factor administration in humans.
AB  - It has been suggested that the monokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) (cachectin)
      is responsible for metabolic abnormalities frequently accompanying malignant
      neoplasms. The acute metabolic effects of TNF in patients with cancer were
      studied. Subcutaneous administration of recombinant human TNF led to a rise in
      the C-reactive protein level (4.4 +/- 1.2 mg/dL vs 11.6 +/- 1.8 mg/dL) and a
      reduction in the serum zinc level (12.9 +/- 0.8 mumol/L vs 7.3 +/- 0.8 mumol/L
      [79 +/- 5 mg/dL vs 48 +/- 5 mg/dL]) (values are the mean +/- SEM). Forearm efflux
      of total amino acids more than doubled after intravenous TNF injection,
      principally because of increases in release of the gluconeogenic amino acids
      alanine and glutamine. Concomitantly, the arterial levels of alanine, glutamine,
      and total amino acids fell, indicating that TNF also stimulated the uptake of
      amino acids by other tissues. The observed amino acid pattern cannot be explained
      solely on the basis of measured changes in cortisol, glucagon, or insulin levels.
      These findings are discussed in relation to known alterations of amino acid
      metabolism in cancer-associated cachexia.

PMID- 3689117
TI  - Composite pelvic resection. An approach to advanced pelvic cancer.
AB  - The definition of resectability has changed in the management of advanced pelvic
      malignancy. Most tumors previously considered unresectable can be removed by a
      function-preserving composite resection of the pelvis. We have performed
      resection in 55 such patients. Most had posterior pelvic tumors (47 patients),
      had previously undergone irradiation, and required a combined sacral resection.
      Included were patients with recurrent or locally advanced rectal cancer (32
      patients), epidermoid cancer of the anorectum (seven patients), and primary
      pelvic malignancies (eight patients). Most had good functional recovery. The five
      year actuarial survival rate was 23% (five of 25 patients survived longer than 51
      months) in the patients with resected rectal cancer and 14% (one of seven
      patients) in the patients with resected anorectal carcinoma. Five of eight
      patients with primary tumors survived longer than 48 months. Lateral pelvic
      resections were done for five tumors that involved the ileum or ischium, and
      anterior resection was done in three patients for malignancy that involved the
      symphysis and rami. Four of these patients were living three to six years after
      surgery. The overall mortality rate was 7% (four of 55 patients). Composite
      pelvic resections can provide good local control with preservation of limb
      function in most patients with primary or secondary tumors of the bony pelvis.

PMID- 3689118
TI  - In vitro killing of melanoma by liposome-delivered intracellular irradiation.
AB  - To better understand and optimize the mechanism of alpha particle killing of
      tumors, an in vitro model utilizing liposomes as carrier vehicles was developed
      to study the killing of melanoma via intracellular alpha-irradiation. The
      radionuclide 212Pb (lead), with its 10.6-hour half-life and alpha-emitting
      daughter 212Bi (bismuth), was encapsulated in liposomes to achieve the
      intracellular irradiation of melanoma cells in culture. In dose-response
      experiments, B16F10 mouse melanoma cells were incubated with liposomes
      212Pb/212Bi bound to dextran 70. Plating efficiency and growth of the melanoma
      cells cultured on gridded petri dishes after incubation were compared with
      controls at 24 and 48 hours. Greater than 85% cell killing occurred by 48 hours,
      with administered radioactivity levels of 1.6 dpm/mumol of lipid/cell, which
      corresponds to intracellular delivery of five to seven alpha particles per cell.
      These alpha doses can be exceeded in vivo with recirculation or in a perfusion
      circuit, and more efficient cytotoxic action may be possible.

PMID- 3689119
TI  - Major intestinal complications of radiotherapy. Management and nutrition.
AB  - Hospitalization was required in 57 patients for intestinal injuries following
      radiotherapy for carcinoma of the cervix, endometrium, ovary, bladder, rectum,
      and other primary sites. Intestinal complications included stenosis, perforation,
      rectal ulcer, and rectovaginal, ileovaginal, and ileovesical fistula; 27 patients
      had multiple intestinal complications. Operation was necessary in 33 patients, as
      follows: bowel resections, 18; colostomy alone, five; adhesiolysis, five;
      ileocolic bypass, three; and Hartmann's procedure for sigmoid perforation, two.
      Five anastomotic leaks and six postoperative deaths occurred. Causes of death
      among the remaining patients included residual cancer (ten), de novo bowel cancer
      (two), radiation injury (four), and unrelated causes (six). Resection to
      uninvolved bowel, omental wrap of anterior resection anastomosis, avoidance of
      unnecessary adhesiolysis, and long-tube orientation seemed to contribute to
      successful operations. Nutritional support was used for repletion, post-operative
      fistulas, and short-gut syndrome.

PMID- 3689120
TI  - Localization of radioiodinated monoclonal antibody in colorectal cancer. Initial
      dosimetry results.
AB  - HT-29-15 is an IgG1 monoclonal antibody reacting with a neuraminidase-sensitive
      determinant on a cell-surface antigen (molecular weight, 200,000 daltons) present
      on the colon cancer cell line HT-29. HT-29-15 was selected for a tumor
      localization study because the antigen was shown to be present, by
      immunohistochemical staining, in a high percentage of primary and metastatic
      colorectal cancers. HT-29-15 labeled with iodine 131 was given intravenously over
      a dose range of 0.2 to 10.0 mg to 23 patients with colorectal cancer. No
      significant toxicity was seen. Imaging of hepatic metastases was successful from
      days 5 to 7. Analysis of tissue radioactivity by biopsy showed that the tumor
      liver ratio increased from day 1 to day 7, suggesting more rapid clearance of
      antibody from normal tissue than from tumor. Thus, tissue biopsy specimens and
      scintigraphy have shown that imaging of metastatic colorectal cancer is possible
      with monoclonal antibody HT-29-15. Tissue biopsy specimens are essential for
      demonstrating specificity of localization. Scans alone provide insufficient
      evidence of specific localization by monoclonal antibodies. Simultaneous infusion
      of a nonreactive control antibody would be necessary for specific localization to
      be demonstrated unequivocally.

PMID- 3689121
TI  - Neoadjuvant chemotherapy before definitive treatment for stage III carcinoma of
      the breast.
AB  - One hundred women with American Joint Committee (AJC) stage III (T2, N2; T3,
      N0/1/2; T4, N0/1/2) carcinoma of the breast were treated with combination
      chemotherapy following biopsy to confirm the diagnosis and determine hormone
      receptor status before any other treatment of the local disease (so-called
      neoadjuvant chemotherapy). Response was assessed after three cycles of treatment,
      and responders were treated until the tumor and/or axillary nodes failed to show
      further regression. Definitive surgery was then performed, usually radical
      mastectomy. Chemotherapy was resumed following surgery for a total of 12 cycles.
      Ninety patients are assessable, and 70% have responded to chemotherapy. Outcomes
      of both responders and nonresponders were analyzed. Radical mastectomy without
      postoperative radiotherapy seems to be the preferable surgical treatment for the
      responders. Median follow-up of the assessable patients was 27 months; projected
      five-year disease-free survival of the responders is greater than 65%, and
      projected overall five-year survival of this group is greater than 85%. Because
      the follow-up of these patients suggests a marked improvement in outcome compared
      with similar patients treated traditionally with mastectomy or radiotherapy
      followed by adjuvant chemotherapy, we advocate more widespread use of combination
      chemotherapy before definitive treatment for stage III carcinomas of the breast.

PMID- 3689122
TI  - The impact of delayed surgery on radiotherapy dose and local control of
      rhabdomyosarcoma.
AB  - To determine if delayed surgery permits the modification of radiotherapy dose
      while maintaining local control in children with localized, unresectable
      rhabdomyosarcoma, a prospective study was launched in 1981 to test this
      objective. Treatment consisted of 16 weeks of preoperative chemotherapy, with or
      without delayed surgery, and radiotherapy using 35 to 40 Gy (3500 to 4000 rad)
      for microscopic and 50 to 55 Gy (5000 to 5500 rad) for gross residual tumor, plus
      14 months of chemotherapy. Among 22 patients treated, surgery was feasible in 11
      of 14 patients with residual tumor after chemotherapy and was performed in eight
      (avoiding radical surgery in three), leaving microscopic (seven patients) or
      gross residual (one patient) tumor. Progressive disease or amputation precluded
      radiotherapy in two patients. After radiotherapy local control was sustained in
      12 of 14 patients with microscopic lesions vs none of six patients with gross
      tumor. Delayed surgery may permit the use of lower-dose radiotherapy and should
      be considered in the treatment plan for this subset of patients.

PMID- 3689123
TI  - Positive relationship of clinical and serologic responses to vaccinia melanoma
      oncolysate.
AB  - In this phase Ia/Ib trial, vaccinia melanoma oncolysate (VMO) is a virus
      augmented melanoma cell membrane vaccine that has been shown to be safe and to
      stimulate the production of antimelanoma antibodies in high-risk melanoma
      patients treated in a surgical adjuvant setting. One patient with stage I and 38
      patients with stage II melanoma were entered in the study between December 1984
      and October 1985, with a mean follow-up of approximately 17 months. Each patient
      received a smallpox booster injection followed one week later by the first of 13
      weekly intradermal injections of 2.0 mg of VMO. At the end of 13 weeks,
      injections were given every other week for 12 months or until recurrence.
      Clinical results show that 25 of the 39 patients had no evidence of disease as of
      December 1986. Moreover and more importantly, statistical comparison of patients
      in this study with 39 matched controls shows a significant increase in disease
      free survival for the patients treated with VMO. Serum obtained prior to
      treatment and at three-month intervals during treatment was tested in a
      Staphylococcus protein A rosette assay for reactivity with melanoma cell lines.
      All pretreatment samples (39/39) were negative, and 64% became positive by 12
      months after appropriate dosage escalations. Moreover, enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay showed a positive correlation between anti-melanoma IgG
      antibody titer and disease-free survival.

PMID- 3689124
TI  - Studies on protein kinase C and colon carcinogenesis.
AB  - To further understand the molecular mechanisms of bile acid-mediated colon tumor
      promotion, we have examined the possible role of protein kinase C (PKC) in this
      process. Protein kinase C has been implicated in tumor promotion because it is
      the receptor for the tumor promoter 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA)
      and mediates the action of this compound as well as that of other tumor promoters
      and growth factors. Our studies show that, in a manner analogous to 12-0
      tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate, deoxycholic acid (DOA) can induce a time
      dependent cellular redistribution of PKC as well as a concentration-dependent
      overexpression of the ornithine decarboxylase gene. These results taken together
      with our previous findings demonstrating decreased levels of PKC in human colon
      carcinomas compared with adjacent normal mucosa provide evidence that PKC has a
      role in colon carcinogenesis.

PMID- 3689125
TI  - Surgical treatment of spinal chordomas.
AB  - The clinical features and results of 34 patients with chordomas treated over a
      seven-year period were analyzed. Surgical treatment consisted of wide local
      excision (n = 6), marginal resection (n = 5), intralesional resection (n = 20),
      and biopsy (n = 3). Eighteen patients received postoperative radiotherapy. The
      local recurrence rate was 65%, with 30% of patients developing distant
      metastases. With the introduction of computed tomography, smaller tumors are
      currently being diagnosed; as a result, 35% of the patients in this series are
      disease free, compared with 10% described previously.

PMID- 3689126
TI  - [Nutrient dependence of energy conservation requirements in rats. 4. The
      influence of protein levels of food on energy conservation requirements of rats
      during growth and after conclusion of the intensive growth phase].
AB  - Albino rats bred in the institute (Wistar line) divided into 3 groups of 9
      animals each received, beginning at the age of 4 weeks, feed mixtures with 10, 40
      and 70% protein in the rations over a period of 24 weeks divided into 14
      subperiods of study. The feed mixture changed cyclically for the groups of
      animals after each sub-period. Every period was divided into a growth period (8
      days) with the rats kept in metabolism cages and a period of feeding on
      maintenance level (4 days) with the rats kept in respiration chambers. In both
      periods the temperature was kept constant at 30 degrees C. On 3 days of feeding
      on the maintenance level the metabolism parameters of energy, C and N metabolism
      were measured and energy maintenance requirement was ascertained. Both the energy
      maintenance requirement of the growing rats (up to 200 g live weight) and that of
      the nearly fully grown and fully grown rats resp. (greater than 200 g live
      weight) significantly depended on the nutrient composition of the feed mixtures
      supplied. It increased with the increasing protein and simultaneously decreasing
      carbohydrate quotas in the feed. On an average of the studies the rats had, in
      the sequence of 10, 40 and 70% protein content, an energy maintenance requirement
      of 383 +/- 31 (n = 105), 415 +/- 31 (n = 106) and 459 +/- 36 kJ metabolizable
      energy/kg LW0.75.d (n = 102). Energy maintenance requirement behaved relatively
      like 100:108:120. Based on the fact that energy maintenance requirement may be
      considered the requirement of ATP, relative expectancy values for energy
      maintenance requirement can be calculated with the energetic efficiency of the
      ATP synthesis (kJ metabolizable energy/Mol ATP gain) in nutrient catabolism from
      the relation of the experimentally ascertained nutrient metabolism at a variant
      supply of protein of 100:110:118. The hypothesis that the efficiency of ATP
      synthesis in the catabolism of the main nutrients supplying energy can be
      considered a relative measure of the dependence of the energy maintenance
      requirement on nutrient composition has been confirmed in this experiment.
      Different findings in earlier experiments raise the question if those findings
      were influenced by adaptation effects. An experimental solution of this question
      is considered important.

PMID- 3689127
TI  - [Utilization of 15N-labeled urea in laying hens. 7. 15N-incorporation into the
      amino acids of different muscle types].
AB  - 3 colostomized laying hybrids received 1% 15N labelled urea with 96.06 atom-% 15N
      excess (15N') with a commercial ration over a period of 6 days. After the
      application of the same ration with unlabelled urea on the following 2 days the
      animals were butchered. In the muscles of the breast, the leg and the heart, the
      labelling of total nitrogen and the incorporation of urea 15N' into 15 amino
      acids of the 3 different kinds of muscles were ascertained. On average,
      significant differences could be ascertained between the atom-% 15N of the
      muscles of the skeleton and those of the heart. The 15N' of the breast and leg
      muscles was 0.25 and 0.34 atom-% resp.; that of the cardial proteins 0.71 atom-%
      15N'. The incorporation of urea 15N into the basic amino acids is low and varies
      both between the kinds of muscles and between the amino acids. On average the
      highest level of labelling was found among the essential amino acids valine,
      isoleucine and leucine; the average atom-% 15N' for the muscles of the breast is
      0.13, of the leg 0.17, and of the heart 0.27; the 15N' quota of branched chain
      amino acids in the total 15N' of the respective muscle is accordingly 6.0%, 5.0%
      and 4.5%. The non-essential amino acids, particularly glutamic acid, are more
      highly labelled in the muscles than the essential ones. A 15N' for glutamic acid
      of 0.24 atom-% in the breast muscles, of 0.27 atom-% in those of the legs and of
      0.64 atom-% in the heart muscle could be detected. The average quota of the 15N'
      of these acid amino acids in the 15N' for breast, leg and heart muscles is 7.4,
      6.2 and 6.7 resp. The quota of the 15N' in the 6 non-essential amino acids in the
      total 15N' in all 3 kinds of muscles is approximately two thirds and in the 9
      essential ones one third of the total 15N'. Although the results show that there
      is a certain incorporation of 15N' from urea into the amino acids of the muscle
      proteins, their contribution to meeting the demands is to be considered
      irrelevant.

PMID- 3689128
TI  - Ruminal protein degradation and protein value of feeds.
AB  - The relationship between dry matter (DM) degradation and crude protein (CP)
      degradation in the dairy cow's rumen was determined with a view to defining the
      protein value of feeds for ruminants. The nylon bag technique was applied for
      these studies. For all the feeds investigate (green fodder and preserves from
      cocks-foot, ryegrass, alfalfa/grass and meadow grass, as well as alfalfa,
      extracted soybean meal) a significantly positive relationship was found to exist
      between the levels of DM and CP degradation (r = 0.73 to 1.0). The regression
      coefficient b1 (CP degradation as regressor) was found to average 0.87. The
      positive relationship between DM degradation and CP degradation implies that
      microbial protein amount and unfermented feed protein at the duodenum are
      negatively correlated. Model calculations show that, on account of the
      compensation between microbial protein and feed protein at the duodenum, in feeds
      with a CP concentration below 200 g/kg DM, the extent of ruminal protein
      degradation does not exert a marked influence on duodenal protein passage. The
      partial calculation of the duodenal protein supply on the basis of undegraded
      feed protein and microbial protein, as practiced in the new models of protein
      evaluation, leads to systematic errors unless the relationship between DM
      degradation and CP degradation is considered.

PMID- 3689129
TI  - [The effect of reduced drinking water supply on feed absorption, apparent
      digestibility of crude nutrients and rumen fermentation of sheep].
AB  - Based on the fact that the insufficient supply of agricultural domestic animals
      with drinking water in tropical and subtropical regions is often the factor
      limiting their performance, the effect of different drinking water supply of
      sheep (ad libitum, 54% of ad libitum and 27% of ad libitum) on various parameters
      was studied. A water supply reduced to 54 and 27% resp. diminished dry matter
      intake to 84% and 45% resp. A water supply reduced to 54% improved the
      digestibility of organic matter, crude fibre, crude cellulose and N-free
      extractives, it was, however, not significant. A reduction to 27% of the ad
      libitum water supply improved the digestibility of all crude nutrients,
      significantly, however, only that of organic matter, crude fibre, crude cellulose
      and N-free extractives. In comparison with a supply of water reduced to 54%, a
      water supply reduced to 27% also resulted in an improvement of the digestibility
      of all crude nutrients. Both the reduction of the ad libitum water supply and the
      increasing time interval for the sampling of rumen fluid resulted in an increased
      concentration of volatile fatty acids in the rumen fluid, which was sampled 15
      min, 1 hour and 2 hours after feeding.

PMID- 3689130
TI  - [Consumption and ruminating behavior in sheep. 3. Experiments on infertile female
      sheep of different breeds with reference to feed type and feeding duration].
AB  - Ewes of the breeds merino fattening sheep, Stavropol merino and fertility hybrid
      were studied as to their consumption and ruminating behaviour after receiving a
      pelleted straw-concentrate mixture, maize silage and wilted silaged grass. During
      the feeding periods of 2 X 45 min or 2 X 180 min/d unlimited rations were
      available to the animals. With 86 min/d the sheep used the short feeding period
      nearly completely for feed intake. In the longer feeding period the sheep
      consumed 18% more feed in 161 min/d, ate more slowly, however, and ruminated
      somewhat less. In comparison with the straw-concentrate mixture, the silage
      rations were ruminated for shorter periods and less effectively, the number of
      ruminating movements per day and cycle was reduced, the breaks between bites
      became longer. The wilted grass silage stimulated ruminating even less than
      chopped maize silage. There were significant differences between the breeds in
      the ruminating frequency, which affected the number of ruminating movements per
      day and cycle.

PMID- 3689131
TI  - The effect of "Ferrodex", vitamin A and "Rovimix beta-carotene" on the iron and
      copper levels in blood plasma of calves.
AB  - The effect of Ferrodex, vitamin A and synthetic beta-carotene on the content of
      iron and copper in the blood serum has been investigated in three groups of
      calves: I control group without vitamin supplements, II group received only once
      with the first colostrum dose 1.5 million IU of vitamin A, III group received
      Rovimix beta carotene containing 10 per cent of the synthetic beta carotene with
      Mlekomix from the 21st day to the 13th week of life. Moreover half of the calves
      from each group received Ferrodex intramusculary. Content of iron, total iron
      binding capacity by serum proteins, level of indirect and direct copper as well
      as the content of ceruloplasmin were determined in the blood serum of calves.
      Moreover hematocrit and hemoglobin content in the blood were determined. The
      results obtained show that a triple intramuscular injection of Ferrodex caused an
      increase of the level of iron, copper and ceruloplasmin in the blood serum of
      calves. However, a single administration of vitamin A to the calves or a
      continuous administration of Rovimix beta-carotene decreased significantly the
      level of iron and ceruloplasmin copper in blood serum as well as caused a more
      dynamic ceruloplasmin synthesis with a simultaneous increase in its utilization.

PMID- 3689132
TI  - [Utilization of 15N-labeled urea in laying hens. 8. 15N-incorporation in the
      amino acids of the oviduct].
AB  - 3 colostomized laying hybrids received orally with a conventional ration 1% urea
      with 96.06 atom-% 15N excess (15N'). over a period of 6 days. In the period of
      the experiment every hen consumed 2.87 g 15N'. After another 2 days, on which
      they received conventional feed urea, the animals were butchered. 15N' was
      determined in the total N and in 15 amino acids of the oviduct. Of the 15 amino
      acids the labelling of glutamic acid, glycine and serine was highest and on
      average amounted to 0.80, 0.66 and 0.67 atom-% 15N'. In lysine and arginine only
      0.10 and 0.11 atom-% 15N' could be detected. The amino acid N with natural
      isotopic frequency amounted to a quarter for the basic amino acids, a tenth for
      the branched chain ones and for the non-essential ones (glutamic acid, aspartic
      acid, serine, glycine, alanine, proline) a third of the total oviduct 14N, The
      average quota of 15N' is only 3.6%, that of the branched chain amino acids 4.5
      and that of the non-essential ones 21.1%. Consequently, the 15N' of the urea is
      mainly used for the synthesis of the non-essential amino acids of the oviduct.

PMID- 3689133
TI  - [Utilization of 15N-labeled urea in laying hens. 9. Bones, feathers and 15N
      incorporation in the rest of the body].
AB  - For studying the incorporation of the 15N labelled urea into individual organs
      and tissues 3 colostomized laying hens were butchered after they had received 1%
      urea (96.06 atom-% 15N excess) with a high quality ration over a period of six
      days and after receiving conventional urea for another two days. Nitrogen and
      atom-% 15N excess (15N') were determined in the bones, the feathers and the
      remaining body (skin, lungs and windpipe, head with comb and wattle, lower leg
      without bones and with skin, pancreas and fatty tissue). In the remaining body
      the atom-% 15N' was determined in 15 amino acids. The labelling in the remaining
      body and the bones was approximately the same and averaged 0.37 atom-% 15N'. A
      significantly lower relative frequency could be detected in the feathers. The
      lysine of the remaining body contained only 0.04 atom-% 15N', tyrosine 0.06,
      histidine and arginine 0.07. The phenylalanine and proline molecules were
      labelled with 0.11 atom-% 15N'. Most 15N' was incorporated in serine and glutamic
      acid with over 0.30 atom-%. In the six non-essential amino acids out of the 15
      amino acids studied, 48.6 of the non isotopic nitrogen of the total N of the
      remaining body and 70.7% of the isotopic nitrogen of total 15N' could be
      detected. Consequently the urea-N is mainly used for the synthesis of the non
      essential amino acids, with its utilization being very low.

PMID- 3689134
TI  - [The utilization of crude proteins from 15N-labeled straw by broiler hen breeds].
AB  - In an experiment with 10 colostomized broiler breeding hens the digestibility of
      wheat straw meal labelled with 15N and the incorporation of heavy nitrogen into
      individual body fractions were studied. The straw meal contained a 15N excess
      (15N') of 14.88 atom-%. Before the experiment part of the straw meal was treated
      with gamma-rays (2.0 MGy). 5 animals each received in addition to the basic
      ration 30 g untreated (group I) and irradiated 15N labelled straw meal (group
      II). The apparent 15N' digestibility amounted for untreated straw meal to 49% and
      for irradiated straw meal to 46% (p less than 0.05). The labelling of uric acid
      amounted to 0.25 atom-% 15N', urine with 0.30 atom-% 15N' was more highly
      labelled (p less than 0.05). On an average of both groups the same labelling of
      0.18 atom-% could be detected in the follicles and the liver, whereas 0.17 were
      ascertained in the blood plasma and 0.16 atom-% 15N' in the oviduct. 18% of the
      digested 15N' were incorporated in the muscles. There were only insignificant
      differences between the two groups with regard to the incorporation of 15N'. In
      conclusion one can say that the apparent digestibility of straw protein is 47.5%
      and that the utilization of the absorbed N is about the same as that of wheat
      protein.

PMID- 3689136
TI  - [The activity of and requirements for selected amino acids in growing female
      swine. 2. Methionine and cystine].
AB  - The methionine/cystine efficiency of ten protein sources including that of
      different charges of the same protein source was ascertained in N balance
      experiments with a total of 60 female pigs in the live weight range of 35-50 kg.
      The variability of the derived sulfur amino acids (SAS) efficiency coefficient
      (Csas) ranged between 0.64... 0.91 based on the SAS efficiency of casein as a
      standard. There was an analogous differentiation for the derived requirement
      values on the basis of the analysed methionine/cystine values of the proteins.
      For a protein retention of 100 g/day and a live weight of 40 kg, 6.2g
      methionine/cystine was ascertained based on the highest SAS efficiency (Csas = 1)
      as yet.

PMID- 3689135
TI  - [The effect of a different protein supply with regard to quality and quantity on
      growth and serum growth hormone in weaned rats].
AB  - A two-factorially experiment was done over a period of 42 days using 32 male,
      weaned Sprague-Dawley rats in order to study the effect of insufficient protein
      supplementation, with regard to quantity and quality (13% protein in comparison
      to 18%, and an essential amino acid index of 64 in comparison to 92%, resp.), on
      weight development and serum growth hormone concentration. Qualitative protein
      deficiency had a greater adverse effect on weight development and feed
      utilization than did quantitative protein deficiency. Both test factors combined
      brought about the lowest body weight and poorest feed utilization. A lowered
      hematocrit value occurred only after quantitative protein deficiency. The serum
      urea concentration was elevated after protein deficiency due to poor quality
      protein; the serum protein concentration tended toward reduction in both the case
      of qualitative as well as in the case of qualitative-quantitative protein
      deficiency. After providing the animals poor quality protein, growth hormone
      levels in serum were reduced, whereas the concurrence of both factors of protein
      deficiency caused the growth hormone concentration in serum to rise to a value
      4.2-fold of the control value.

PMID- 3689137
TI  - [Effect of thermal treatment of potato products on nutrient decomposition in the
      digestive tract of swine. 1. Passage and digestibility of nutrients in the
      various portions of the intestine].
AB  - In addition to a basic ration (barley, dried green fodder, fishmeal) pigs
      (castrated males, 100 ... 130 kg live weight) received a supplement of raw potato
      starch, raw ensiled potatoes, cooked potato starch or steamed ensiled potatoes;
      nutrient and amino acid passage and digestibility (absorption) were measured in
      the small intestine, the upper large intestine and the total digestive tract with
      the help of simple cannulae at the distal ileum and the middle of the hind gut
      and the estimation of the HCl insoluble ash as an indicator. In addition, the
      amounts of bacteria in faeces were determined and the influence of raw and cooked
      potato starch on N retention was ascertained. When raw potato products were fed,
      distinctly higher amounts of dry matter, organic matter and starch pass the
      ileum, which get into the colon undigested, i.e. the digestibility of these
      substances is low at the end of the ileum (raw potato starch 24%, starch of raw
      ensiled potatoes 36%). Up to the middle of the colon there is intensive bacterial
      starch degradation so that in this place the difference between raw and
      thermically treated potatoes is only small. No matter what the previous treatment
      of the potatoes was, there is hardly any starch in faeces, i.e. it was nearly
      100% digested up to the end of the digestive tract. The passage and digestibility
      resp. of ash and crude cellulose from the basic ration is not influenced by the
      supplement of raw or thermically treated potato products in the individual
      sections of the digestive tract. At the end of the ileum there are no differences
      between the apparent digestibility of the crude protein and absorption of amino
      acids of supplemented raw or cooked potato starch or steamed ensiled potatoes;
      after the use of raw ensiled potatoes they are, however, significantly more
      reduced than the comparison of analyses of faeces shows. In the large intestine
      the high amount of potato starch stimulates the metabolism and the reproduction
      of faecal bacteria as is shown by an increase by 20-30% in bacteria N excretion
      in faeces. Apparent crude protein digestibility and amino acid absorption are
      diminished by that. The increased N excretion in faeces after the supplement of
      raw potato starch to the basic ration is-in comparison with the supplement of
      heated starch-compensated by a commensurately lower N excretion in urine so that
      N retention practically remains uninfluenced by the supplement of variously
      treated potato starch.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3689138
TI  - [Effects of factors of nutrition and husbandry on the heat production of rats and
      broilers. 1. Heat production of growing broiler chicks kept in groups depending
      on the environmental temperature].
AB  - In 2 experiments with young broiler chickens, origin Tetra B, heat production was
      measured in dependence on ambient temperature indirectly and with the gas
      exchange both over 24 h and in 20-minute periods beginning on their 5th day of
      live. The chickens, divided into 2 X 2 groups according to sex, were constantly
      kept in a climatic chamber changed in to a respiration chamber during the 8- or
      11-week-long experiments. The maximum variation of the temperature was between 5
      and 35 degrees C. In the periods of 24-h measurements over 4 days each, the
      ambient temperature was changed from day to day in steps of 5 degrees C. Heat
      production was influenced by the age of the chickens, energy intake and ambient
      temperature. The results of the measurements at the same age and the same energy
      intake and a temperature variation between 5 and 35 degrees C can well be
      described by polynomes of the 3rd degree up to the 8th week of live. The
      thermoregulatory conditioned heat production per 1 degree C below the critical
      temperature decreased with the age of the chickens. In the first few weeks of
      life it was 20 kJ, in the 6th and 7th weeks of life 10-15 kJ and then decreased
      to 4-5 kJ/kg life weight 0.75.d. degrees C. Based on the temperature of minimal
      heat production, the heat production of 16- to 30-day-old chickens increased to
      60-80% at an ambient temperature of 5 degrees C; the metabolism of chickens older
      than 7 weeks was only increased by about 20%. For the first 2 weeks 35 degrees C
      were ascertained as critical temperature, for the 3rd to 6th weeks 30 degrees C
      and for the 7th and 8th weeks 25 degrees C.

PMID- 3689139
TI  - [Energy and protein concentration of broiler rations in Cuba. 2. Female broilers
      in winter].
AB  - Four energy concentrations (10.5, 11.5, 12.6 and 13.6 MJ ME) and four protein
      concentrations (15.0, 17.5, 20.0 and 22.5% CP) were tested with a total of 1,900
      female broilers of the breed White Plymouth Rock in their first 56 days of life
      in 16 experiment groups. The animals were kept in cages and were directly exposed
      to the natural Cuban winter temperatures from their 15th day of life. As six
      repetitions were carried out in every test group, the results could be variance
      analytically calculated. In winter the female broilers of the breed White
      Plymouth showed a lower intake of feed, metabolic energy and crude protein than
      male animals. They achieved a lower live weight, lower amount of body protein and
      fat and worse feed, protein and energy utilisation. Possibilities are shown to
      meet the crude protein and energy requirement in monophase feeding systems with
      11.5 MJ ME and 20% CP or with 12.6 MJ ME and 17.5 or 20% CP.

PMID- 3689140
TI  - [The effect of straw meal on the crude protein and amino acid metabolism and
      digestibility of crude nutrients in broiler hen breeds. 1. Problems, experimental
      review and N-excretion in the urine].
AB  - The metabolization of the straw N and the influence of the straw on N excretion
      in urine were studied in 2 experiments with colostomized broiler hens and with
      15N labelled wheat straw as well as 15N labelled wheat. In experiment 1 the test
      animals divided up into 4 groups received 0 g, 20 g, 30 g and 40 g straw meal per
      animal and day in addition to 120 g mixed feed. The daily 15N-excess (15N')
      intake from the straw was 18.4 mg, 27.5 mg and 36.7 mg. The amount of 15N' daily
      consumed with the labelled wheat in experiment 2 was 119.7 mg. 40 g straw meal
      resulted in a significantly increased amount of urine (p less than 0.05). The
      amounts of urine N and uric acid N were only increased as a tendency. On average
      the productive N decreased as a consequence of the straw meal supplement from
      1070 mg/animal and day (control) to 764 mg/animal and day after 40 g straw meal
      supplement. The productive 15N' of the labelled wheat was not influenced by the
      straw meal supplement. The productive 15N' of the straw increased from 3.8
      mg/animal and day (20 g straw) to 13.4 mg/animal and day (40 g straw). In
      contrast to 15N wheat, straw as a 15N source resulted in a lower labelling of
      uric acid N in comparison with urine N. It can be assumed that the changed
      metabolization of the straw N is influenced by microbial processes in the
      intestines.

PMID- 3689141
TI  - [The digestibility of crude nutrients in horses. 1. Methods of determining
      digestibility].
AB  - The ascertainment of the digestibility of crude nutrients in rations for horses
      requires the inclusion of movement-based performance as influencing factor. Under
      the consideration of this requirement, indicator methods gain significance in
      comparison with the standard method of collecting faeces completely. In two
      experiments the digestion of the crude nutrients in rations for horses was tested
      according to the standard method (complete collection of faeces) and the
      indicator method 4 N HCl-insoluble ash). According to the indicator method the
      digestibility of crude nutrients was slightly higher, the differences to the
      values of the standard method were statistically insignificant. Under
      consideration of the inhomogeneity of horse faeces and the possibility of doing
      without the complete collection of faeces, the indicator method with 4 N HCl
      insoluble ash is to be preferred to the standard method. The analysis of air
      dried faeces connected with the indicator method resulted in improved
      reproducibility due to the significantly better homogeneity. A recommendation is
      made for carrying out digestibility experiments with horses, in which the 4 N HCl
      indicator method is used.

PMID- 3689142
TI  - [The dose dependence of 15N-incorporation in organ proteins of newborn rats after
      pulse labeling with different tracers].
AB  - A short-chain 15N-peptide mixture characterized by an average chain length of 2.3
      was obtained when 15N-labeled yeast protein has hydrolyzed enzymatically by
      thermitase from Thermoactinomyces vulgaris. Fifteen newborn Wistar-rats were
      given a single pulse of [15N]glycine. [15N]H4Cl and [15N]yeast protein
      thermitasehydrolysate (YPTH) in a dosage of 50 mg 15N excess kg-1 by gastric
      tube. In comparison with [15N]glycine the 15N-incorporation rates of brain,
      muscle and liver were approximately 150% higher after [15N]YPTH-application.
      Uniform labeling, high 15N-enrichment, almost complete absorption, avoidance of
      imbalances and the low price make this tracer substance superior to other tracers
      conventionally used for organ labeling.

PMID- 3689143
TI  - [Effect of thermal treatment of potato products on nutrient decomposition in the
      digestive tract of swine. 2. Nutrient content and bacterial activity in various
      parts of the intestine].
AB  - Dry matter (DM), starch, crude protein (CP), amino acids (AA) and diaminopimelic
      acid (DAPA) were estimated in the contents of the digestive tract of slaughtered
      pigs, which were fed a basal diet with raw (rKSt) or with cooked (QuSt) potato
      starch. When fed rKSt, there was larger quantities of starch and DAPA in the
      content of the distal small intestine and also of DM, CP, AA and DAPA in the
      contents of caecum and proximal colon, compared to QuSt. The bacterial breakdown
      of the raw potato starch granules in the proximal large intestine is shown by
      microscopic examinations. It is suggested, that the quantity of bacterial protein
      excreted in the faeces did not allow to quantify the extent of the bacterial
      activity in the different segments of the digestive tract.

PMID- 3689144
TI  - [Use of partly hydrolyzed and untreated straw meal in the feeding of breeding
      sows. 4. Influence on embryonic mortality and fertility].
AB  - The influence of a supplement of variously treated straw materials to a ration to
      dry concentrate (= 1), (untreated = 2, steamed = 3, HCl-treated = 4 and partly
      hydrolysed = 5) during gestation on fertility and rearing performance, the
      embryonic survival quota of fertilized ova as well as on some selected
      metabolites in the blood serum was studied in 3 experiments. The integration of
      untreated straw meal resulted in significantly diminished performances in
      comparison to test groups 1 and 5 in all tested parameters of fertility and
      rearing performance (weight of litter). The best results were achieved in all
      experiments with rations of concentrate and partly hydrolysed straw meal. The
      individual test groups the following performance values (number of piglets born
      alive, weight of litter in kg) were achieved: 1 = 9.3, 12.3; 2 = 6.5, 8.2; 3 =
      7.5, 9.6; 4 = 8.6, 12,4; 5 = 10.6, 14.4). Ration specific reactions could only be
      proved for the parameters glucose and urea out of the metabolites (insulin,
      glucose, cholesterol, urea tri-iodine thyronine and thyroxine).

PMID- 3689145
TI  - [Dynamics of amino acid and protein metabolism of laying hens after the
      administration of 15N-labeled wheat protein. 3. Incorporation of 15N into egg
      shell, egg white and egg yolk].
AB  - 12 colostomized laying hybrids received a ration meeting their requirement of 15N
      labelled wheat with a 15N excess (15N') of 14.37 atom-% over 4 days. The 15N' of
      the total ration amounted to 4.47 atom-%. Each hen consumed 135 mg 15N' per day.
      On another 4 days the same rations with non labelled wheat were fed. The 12 hens
      laid 56 eggs during the 8 days of the experiment. They were divided into egg
      shell, white and yolk of egg. In addition, the protein of the white and yolk of
      egg was precipitated with trichloric acetic acid (TCA) and the nitrogen in these
      fractions was determined. On average of the 56 eggs, the N quota in the egg shell
      was 5.3%, in the white of egg 49.1% and in the yolk 45.6%. The atom-% 15N' in the
      shells of the eggs laid on the first day of the experiment was on average 0.21,
      whereas only 0.03 and 0.02 atom-% 15N' resp. could be detected in the white and
      yolks of the eggs. On the first day after the last 15N application the atom-%
      15N' in the egg shell and the white of egg was highest and amounted to 2.33 and
      2.43 atom-% resp. The highest value of 1.83 atom-% 15N' in the yolk was
      ascertained 3 days after the last 15N intake. The mean quota of TCA-precipitable
      N in the white of egg is 97.6% and in the yolk 94.4% of the respective total N.
      The atom-% 15N' in the non-protein N-compounds was higher than in the protein
      fractions.

PMID- 3689146
TI  - [The effect of straw meal on the crude protein and amino acid metabolism and the
      digestibility of crude nutrients in broiler breeding hens. 3. Digestibility of
      amino acids].
AB  - In two experiments with colostomized broiler hens the influence of a straw meal
      supplement on the apparent digestibility of the amino acids of the ration and the
      15N labelled basic amino acids in wheat was studied. In experiment 1 the animals
      received 120 g mixed feed plus 0, 20, 30 and 40 g straw meal per animal and day.
      The digestibility of the amino acids decreased on average from 86% to 83%, 80%
      and 79% with the growing straw intake. In contrast to the control variant, 20 g
      straw meal intake resulted in a significant decrease of digestibility for lysine,
      histidine, glycine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, cystine and methionine. 30 and 40 g
      straw meal reduced significantly the digestibility of all amino acids with the
      exception of arginine. The amino acid composition of the crude protein in faeces
      changed only very slightly due to the straw supplement. In experiment 2 15N
      labelled wheat was a component of the ration. Of the 15N labelled amino acids
      lysine, histidine and arginine, 88, 90 and 95% were apparently digested. The
      adaptation of the animals to straw meal intake did not change the digestibility
      of the amino acids.

PMID- 3689147
TI  - Effect of pectinase on rumen fermentation in sheep and lambs.
AB  - In trial with adult wethers and weaned lambs the effect of enzymatic preparation
      Pektofoetidin G3x (mostly pectinase and cellulase) on rumen fermentation was
      studied. After 4 weeks of Pektofoetidin G3x application (0.54 g per day and
      animal) to adult wethers no statistically significant differences in total
      volatile fatty acids (VFA), acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, ammonia in
      the rumen contents and urea in blood were determined between control and enzyme
      treated group. In comparison of fermentation parameters in wethers (mean of 1-3
      hours after feeding) and lambs (2-3 hours after feeding) the significant
      differences in mol % of acetic acid (63.3 in control, 54.6 in experimental group,
      P less than 0.01), propionic acid (24.6, vs. 31.3, P less than 0.001), acetate:
      proprionate ratio (2.54, vs. 1.77, P less than 0.01) and in energy efficiency of
      VFA production (76.0%, vs. 79.1%, P less than 0.001) were determined. These
      differences between wethers and lambs suggest more intensive fermentation in
      lambs than in adult sheep. On the basis of these results it is possible to
      suggest, that in adult animals the efficiency of application of enzymatic
      preparations is low. In utilization of enzymatic preparations more important
      role, probably, is that of ruminal ecosystem itself, that, if once fully
      developed, is perfectly resistant to biotechnological interferences.

PMID- 3689148
TI  - [Influence of emulsifiers and fat mixtures on the digestibility and sedimentation
      of fatty acids in calves].
AB  - In a digestibility experiment with 4 X 4 calves the animals received 100 g
      mixture for calves, 50 g dried green fodder and either 656 g dried whole milk and
      164 g dried skim milk (VM) or 656 g dried whole milk and 164 g added fat. The
      added fat consisted of a mixture of tallow and lard in a 1:1 ratio plus 10%
      emulgator ES 20 (FE) or 8% ES 20 and 2% soybean lecithin (FL) or 25% lard, 25%
      tallow, 40% rape/sunflower oil with 10% ES 20 (FO). The apparent digestibility of
      the fat amounted to 91% in group VM and in groups FE/FL/FO to 66/70/67% resp. The
      composition of fatty acids and the use of an unsuitable charge of dried skim milk
      are considered to be the causes of the low apparent digestibility. The apparent
      digestibility of the fatty acids decreased with their growing chain length. The
      higher digestibility of the unsaturated fatty acids is largely caused by changes
      due to bacterial activity in these fatty acids in the intestines and by the
      influence of metabolically changed faecal fat. The combination of the synthetic
      emulgator with lecithin did not improve fat digestion but diminished the total
      fat content in the blood.

PMID- 3689150
TI  - Effects of dietary forage proportion on digestive function in maintenance-fed
      beef cows. Fescue and bermudagrass hays.
AB  - Five crossbred beef cows (Hereford x Angus, 428 kg), cannulated in the rumen and
      duodenum, were used in a Latin square experiment to determine the effects of
      dietary proportions of fescue (F) and bermudagrass (B) hays (0:1, .25: .75,
      .5:.5, .75: .25 and 1:0) on digestive function. Feed intake was 85% of ad libitum
      intake of F alone (1.04% of body weight). Fescue contained 1.19% nitrogen (N),
      74.8% neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and 6.3% acid detergent lignin (ADL), and B
      contained 1.99% N, 84.5% NDF and 6.1% ADL. Ruminal ammonia-N decreased and four-
      and five-carbon fatty acid concentrations increased linearly (P less than .05)
      with increasing F. Mean particle size of duodenal digesta was not affected by F
      level, but specific gravity of duodenal particles changed quadratically (P less
      than .05) as F rose, being greatest with 25 and 50% F. Ruminal fluid volume was
      constant, but dilution rate increased linearly (P less than .05) as F increased.
      Passage rate of B was faster than that of F in mixed diets. Organic matter (OM)
      flow and digestibilities, true ruminal N disappearance and microbial efficiency
      were not affected (P greater than .10) by F. True ruminal N disappearance and
      microbial efficiency were not affected (P greater than .10) by F. True ruminal N
      disappearance ranged from 73 to 78%, and microbial growth efficiency was between
      18 and 22 g microbial N/kg OM fermented. Ruminal digestibilities of NDF, acid
      detergent fibre (ADF), cellulose and hemicellulose decreased linearly (P less
      than .05) as F increased, being 68.2, 64.9, 65.6, 61.2 and 61.6% for NDF, 58.9,
      54.7, 56.2, 53.3 and 53.2% for ADF, 64.7, 61.3, 62.1, 59.0 and 59.1% for
      cellulose, and 76.1, 74.4, 75.4, 70.1 and 72.2% for hemicellulose for 0, 25, 50,
      75 and 100% F, respectively. Digestive function in beef cows fed mixed F-B diets
      at a low level of intake related directly to dietary forage proportions and
      digestive characteristics when forages were fed alone.

PMID- 3689149
TI  - Effects of dietary forage proportion on digestive function in maintenance-fed
      beef cows. 1. Fescue and clover hays.
AB  - Five crossbred beef cows (Hereford X Angus, 422 kg) with ruminal and duodenal
      cannulae were used in a Latin square experiment to determine the effects of
      dietary proportions of fescue and clover hays (0:1, .25: .75, .5:.5, .75:.25 and
      1:0) on digestive function. Feed intake was 85% of ad libitum intake of fescue
      alone (1.03% of body weight). Fescue contained 1.26% nitrogen (N), 71.0% neutral
      detergent fibre (NDF) and 7.6% acid detergent lignin (ADL), and clover contained
      2.43% N 50.0% NDF and 5.8% ADL in DM. Ruminal fluid ammonia-N concentration
      increased linearly (P less than .05) with declining dietary fescue level. Total
      concentration of volatile fatty acids in ruminal fluid and duodenal and rectal
      digesta mean particle size were not affected by fescue level. Ruminal fluid
      volume and flow rate increased linearly (P less than .05) with increasing dietary
      fescue, but fluid and particulate digesta passage rates were unchanged. Apparent
      ruminal organic matter (OM) digestion decreased quadratically (P less than .05)
      as fescue increased (74.5, 54.3, 49.8, 46.2 and 42.4% for 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%
      fescue, respectively). Postruminal OM digestion as a percentage of intake was
      partially compensatory, increasing linearly (P less than .05) as dietary fescue
      level rose (2.3, 3.5, 5.1, 8.6 and 11.1% of intake). Thus, total tract OM
      digestion declined less as fescue replaced clover (76.8, 57.8, 55.0, 54.8 and
      53.5%; linear and quadratic, P less than .05) than did apparent ruminal OM
      disappearance. Changes in ruminal NDF, acid detergent fibre and cellulose
      digestibilities were similar to those for OM. Microbial growth efficiency
      increased quadratically (P less than .10) as fescue intake increased. These
      results indicate that with low feed intake, ruminal and total tract digestion of
      an all-legume hay diet is greater than that of a grass hay diet. Little or no
      digestive advantage was achieved by substituting clover for fescue, except in the
      case of total replacement of fescue with clover, because of concurrent decreases
      in microbial growth efficiency, microbial N flow to the intestines and OM
      digestion in the postruminal tract. Negative associative effects in digestion
      observed between clover and fescue hays in this experiment deserve further study.

PMID- 3689151
TI  - Study of changes of properties in thermically and hydrothermically treated feeds.
      2. N fractions in fermentation medium at the incubation of treated feeds under in
      vitro conditions.
AB  - In the extensive experiments in vitro degradation ability of hydrothermically and
      thermically treated feeds have been studied. The feeds used were soybean meal,
      horse bean, alfalfa meal, field pea. The feeds have been treated at 90, 110 and
      130 degrees C for 30, 60 and 90 min. The treated feeds have been tested both for
      microbial degradation ability due to rumen microflora and enzymatic degradation
      ability via pepsin and trypsin. The fact has been regarded as an important
      finding that the degradation ability of nitrogenous compounds had been restricted
      effectively by hydrothermic treatment that was manifested by low ammonia-N levels
      in fermentation medium (11.3; 8.8; 15.9 and 1.1% out of nitrogen contents in the
      different feeds). On the other hand improved protein enzymatic digestibility have
      been recorded in treated feeds as compared with native ones.

PMID- 3689152
TI  - Bovine, porcine and ovine picornaviruses: identification of viruses with
      properties similar to human coxsackieviruses.
AB  - Eleven bovine, 19 porcine, and 3 ovine picornaviruses were tested for their
      ability to grow in the presence of the viral inhibitors 2-(alpha-hydroxy-benzyl)-
      benzimidazole (HBB) and guanidine-HC1 (GHC1). The nature of the lesions produced
      by inoculation of newborn mice with these viruses was also investigated. Nine
      bovine viruses were inhibited by both compounds, and produced skeletal
      myonecrosis in mice, suggesting similarities to the human coxsackie group B
      viruses and indicating potential pathogenicity for bovine species. One bovine
      virus (VH7) was inhibited by GHC1 but not by HBB and caused widespread skeletal
      muscle damage in mice typical of coxsackie group A viruses. Another bovine virus
      (F266a) was inhibited only by HBB. None of the porcine or ovine viruses showed
      significant inhibition by either compound nor produced lesions in mice.

PMID- 3689153
TI  - Immunosuppression-induced susceptibility of inbred hamsters (Mesocricetus
      auratus) to lethal-disease by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection.
AB  - The role of the immune response in the pathogenesis of lethal and non-lethal
      lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)-infections of young adult Syrian golden
      hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) of different strains was examined using
      immunosuppressive treatment with cyclophosphamide or with whole-body gamma
      irradiation. In all hamsters, the LCMV strains, WE and Armstrong (ARM), caused
      systemic infections and induced comparable serum LCMV-antibody titers. However,
      lethal wasting-disease occurred which was hamster-strain and virus-strain
      dependent. With WE-inocula, MHA and PD4 inbred hamsters were all susceptible to
      lethal-disease and failed to completely eliminate infection. All LSH and CB
      inbred hamsters resisted lethal-disease and totally cleared WE-infection. Random
      colony-bred LVG hamsters and inbred LHC hamsters were intermediate in WE
      susceptibility; some died with wasting, while others survived with minimal to no
      illness. ARM was avirulent for all hamsters and infections were totally cleared.
      By immunosuppressive treatment, all hamsters were rendered completely susceptible
      to lethal-disease by WE, and had unresolved infections and diminished serum LCMV
      antibody titers. Immunosuppression also rendered all hamster strains partially
      susceptible to lethal infection by ARM. The hamster immune response was thus
      shown to suppress LCMV-infection and protect against lethal illness.

PMID- 3689154
TI  - [IgE antibody, history of exposure and allergic symptoms to cats vs. dogs in
      asthmatic children].

PMID- 3689155
TI  - [Prognosis presumption with bronchial asthma: first medical examination--by
      quantification theory (type II)].

PMID- 3689156
TI  - [Analysis of cross-reactivities among fruit pollen allergens].

PMID- 3689157
TI  - [Nasal hypersensitivity and reactivity to histamine in guinea pigs].

PMID- 3689158
TI  - [Determination of nitrogen dioxide in the air using passive samplers].

PMID- 3689159
TI  - Bone mineral content in patients with diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3689160
TI  - Determination of heavy metals in biological material with Chelex 100 resin.

PMID- 3689161
TI  - [Cardiotoxicity of gases from fires].

PMID- 3689162
TI  - [Functional heart capacity in relation to risk factors].

PMID- 3689163
TI  - [Restructuring of the venous bed and tissue elements of the thymus in nursing
      infants with pneumonia].
AB  - Studies on cadavers of 25 healthy infants and those with pneumonia have shown
      that the intrinsic venous bed of the thymus is structurally adapted to the
      construction of this organ and comprises peri- and intralobar networks, which
      correlates with the high thymic activity in infants, and that the thymic venous
      bed and tissue elements undergo consistent structural changes in pneumonia that
      correlate with its duration.

PMID- 3689164
TI  - [Morphology and morphogenesis of psoriasis].
AB  - Comprehensive morphologic studies of material from postmortem examinations of 7
      psoriatic patients (3 with progressive and 4 with stable psoriasis) indicated
      systemic progressive involvement of connective tissue and vessel walls--with
      development of proliferative and destructive vasculitis in the microcirculatory
      bed--as the underlying morphologic feature of the disease. Excessive epidermal
      proliferation was due to the damage sustained by basement membranes and to gross
      disorganization of the connective tissue and vessel walls, which compromised the
      collagen-mediated regulation of epithelium-mesenchyme interactions.

PMID- 3689166
TI  - [Histological and ultrastructural characteristics of esophagitis in chronic
      kidney failure].
AB  - Examination of biopsy specimens secured during endoscopy of 70 patients in the
      terminal stage of chronic renal failure revealed abnormalities characteristic of
      chronic esophagitis, viz. hyper- and parakeratosis, basal-cell proliferation,
      acanthotic outgrowths, epithelial thickening, vacuolated cells (with balloon
      cells being present in some cases), presence of calcium crystals, cisternal
      widening in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondrial swelling with
      cytoplasmic rupture and hyaloplasmic edema. These dystrophic changes may account
      for the relatively frequent occurrence of erosional and ulcerous lesions in the
      esophagus during the terminal stage of the disease.

PMID- 3689165
TI  - [Functional activity of neutrophilic leukocytes of the blood in patients with
      phlegmons of the maxillofacial area].
AB  - Phagocytic capacities of segmented and rod neutrophils were examined in in vitro
      studies of whole blood samples taken at weekly intervals from 32 patients with
      mild to severe phlegmons of odontogenic origin; 25 blood donors served as
      controls. The ability of neutrophils to take up and digest bacteria was found to
      be less marked the more severe the disease although the number of actively
      phagocytizing cells was increased. In some cases of purulent inflammation,
      though, the neutrophils showed a higher bactericidal potential as compared to the
      controls. During recovery, the phagocytic function of neutrophils improved,
      approaching (but never reaching) the normal level by the time of full clinical
      recovery. At the light-microscopic level, neutrophils from phlegmon-affected
      patients displayed cytoplasmic granulation and vacuolation of a degree that
      correlated with the severity of the disease.

PMID- 3689167
TI  - [Morphological types of cardiomyocyte loss in acute myocardial infarct in
      ischemic heart disease patients].
AB  - Histologic and polarization-microscopic studies of the cardiac infarct area in 64
      persons who had died several hours to 3 weeks following an angina attack led to
      the identification of three types of dying for cardiac muscle cells on the basis
      of a morphologic criterion (state of myofibrils), described as relaxational,
      contractional, and lytic, respectively. The cells showing these different types
      of dying differed with regard to time of appearance, frequency of occurrence, and
      location in the lesional area, which suggested that each of the three types of
      dying occurs by a distinct mechanism.

PMID- 3689168
TI  - [Classification of glomerulonephritis: the identification of the primary
      nephrotic syndrome group].

PMID- 3689169
TI  - [Primary actinomycosis of the bladder].
AB  - A case of vesicular actinomycosis recognized on histopathologic examination of
      biopsy material from a 48-year-old male is reported. Clinical and paraclinical
      findings and the nature of histopathologic changes indicated that the lesions in
      the bladder were primary and contained actinomycotic granulomas of a destructive
      type. The drusen showed central lysis and were disintegrating into granules.

PMID- 3689170
TI  - [Histophysiological characteristics of the endocrine glands of the newborn
      infant].
AB  - Morphologic characteristics of endocrine glands in the perinatal period are
      considered, and the distinctive microstructural features found in many of them
      (adrenal cortex, thyroid, thymus, etc.) are interpreted in functional terms as
      being manifested in the cytolysis and resorption of hormone-producing elements.
      These processes reflect in turn the mobilization of emergency mechanisms of the
      endocrine system to meet the drastically increased requirements of the neonate
      for appropriate hormones under the conditions of stress experienced on transition
      from intrauterine to extrauterine existence. The nature of neonatal glandular
      atrophy and fibrosis is discussed, as is the question of morphologic
      classification of endocrine glands in general.

PMID- 3689171
TI  - Proposed international faculty of the International Society for Artificial
      Organs.

PMID- 3689172
TI  - In vitro maintenance of terminal-differentiated state in hepatocytes entrapped
      within calcium alginate.
AB  - In cultured hepatocytes entrapped within Ca-alginate, liver-specific functions
      such as induction of tyrosine aminotransferase and serine dehydratase were
      stimulated by increasing the cell density. In contrast, a growth-related function
      such as induction of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was strongly stimulated by
      decreasing the cell density. This reciprocal regulation was mimicked by the
      addition of plasma membranes purified from adult rat liver to entrapment cultures
      at low cell density. Also, gluconeogenesis from lactate was stimulated by the
      addition of epinephrine (alpha,beta-agonist) with propranolol (beta-blocker).
      These results suggest that entrapped hepatocytes maintain not only terminal
      differentiated state but also alpha-adrenergic response as shown in vivo.

PMID- 3689173
TI  - Albumin adsorption and retention on C18-alkyl-derivatized polyurethane vascular
      grafts.
AB  - The short-term albumin affinity and thrombo-resistance of a polyether
      polyurethane vascular graft have been improved. The method is based on the C18
      alkylation of the polymer. Thrombus formation by a planimetric technique and
      albumin retention on wire-reinforced polyurethane tubes, both C18 alkylated and
      untreated, were measured in short-term (4-h) exposure at femoral arterial sites
      in the dog. 125I-Albumin was preabsorbed on tubes and then exposed to blood for
      successive 2-h periods. Albumin uptake on alkylated tubes prior to blood exposure
      and retention following 2 h of blood exposure were significantly greater than on
      controls. Following a fast desorption phase in blood, the remaining albumin was
      more slowly desorbed from alkylated than from control tubes. Reincubation with
      albumin and blood reexposure produced a similar tendency, suggesting blood
      conditioning does not reduce the albumin affinity-enhancing property of C18
      alkylation in the short term. Blood-preconditioning experiments suggested
      endogenous albumin has a high affinity for the C18-alkylated surface. Scanning
      electron microscopic examination showed thrombus and platelet densities were
      higher on control than on alkylated surfaces. These results suggest in vivo
      albumin affinity is increased for C18-alkylated polyurethane, which may be linked
      to decreased thrombus formation on these surfaces.

PMID- 3689174
TI  - Physical and aerodynamic features of the Bordeaux voice prosthesis.
AB  - Performance of a voice prosthesis, used to restore speech in patients following
      total laryngectomy, was evaluated by measuring in vitro, as well as in vivo,
      airflow resistances. The pressure-flow characteristics of the device were
      analyzed using the standard pressure-flow diagram (to calculate airway
      resistance) and a Moody plot (to determine the different flow patterns). The flow
      rate and the pressure drop were measured with a Fleisch pneumotachograph and a
      variable reluctance transducer, respectively. Total device resistances were found
      in the range of 34-50 cm H2O/L/s when the flow-rates ranged from 0.05 to 0.35
      L/s. Comparison of these resistances with those of other commercially available
      devices showed that our voice prosthesis had the lowest resistance.

PMID- 3689175
TI  - Effect of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) on myocardial pH change after
      regional coronary occlusion.
AB  - To evaluate the effect of an assist pump on the metabolic viability of the
      ischemic myocardium, myocardial pH was continuously monitored using an ion
      sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) pH sensor in 14 dogs after coronary
      occlusion. In seven dogs (control group), coronary occlusion (10-20 min) and
      successive reperfusion (30-60 min) were performed several times. In seven dogs
      [left ventricular assist device (LVAD) group], the LVAD was implanted between the
      left atrium and the aorta. Occlusion and reperfusion were performed first with
      the pump on and then with the pump off. In both groups, myocardial pH fell after
      occlusion, and increased after reperfusion. In the control group, the fall rate
      of pH in the later coronary occlusion decreased to 66 +/- 7% (mean +/- SEM) of
      that in the previous occlusion. Contrarily, in the LVAD group, the fall rate
      under LVAD-off increased to 174 +/- 32% of that under the preceding LVAD-on. This
      indicates that progressive cellular damage occurred in the control group, while
      the myocardium was preserved by the assist pump in the LVAD group. LVAD is
      effective for preserving the metabolic viability of the ischemic myocardium.

PMID- 3689176
TI  - Development of tests to evaluate candidate elastomers for artificial heart
      diaphragms.
AB  - Blood pump diaphragms are required to be biocompatible and must be capable of
      long-term flexing without failure. There are currently only a few elastomers that
      are competing for acceptance in this application. Introduction of other candidate
      elastomers (including modifications to currently used materials) for these
      applications is hindered by a lack of accepted short-term in vitro testing
      methodology to evaluate alternate materials. Accelerated fatigue testing
      methodology has been developed that will predict long-term in vivo performance of
      candidate materials for artificial heart diaphragms. A 100-position fatigue
      testing machine was designed and built for operation in a controlled environment.
      This machine, along with a previously constructed 30-position fatigue tester, has
      allowed the generation of fatigue data on 13 elastomeric materials under a wide
      variety of conditions. The results of the relatively short-term fatigue tests
      have been shown to correlate well with longer-term fatigue tests.

PMID- 3689177
TI  - Percutaneous intraaortic balloon pumping: four years from Tiblisi.
AB  - Intraaortic balloon pumping (IABP) has now evolved as the mechanical supportive
      treatment of choice for the management of refractory left ventricular power
      failure. A new single-chambered percutaneous intraaortic balloon (Datascope
      Corp., Paramus, NJ, U.S.A.) has been constructed around a central guidewire. The
      balloon can be wrapped around the guidewire, enabling its insertion into the
      femoral artery through a 12-F sheath, inserted by a modified Seldinger technique.
      A dual-lumen automatic wrapping version has recently been employed. Percutaneous
      IABP insertion has been performed in 149 patients (mean age 58 years). In our
      medical group of 75 patients, 59 underwent urgent open heart surgery and 53 (90%)
      survived. In patients who could not be separated from cardiopulmonary bypass, 23
      of 61 (38%) survived. Vascular complications occurred in 10% of the patients.
      Percutaneous balloon insertion permits the rapid institution of IABP support and
      broadens the medical and surgical applications of IABP.

PMID- 3689178
TI  - Increased drainage volume in intermittent peritoneal dialysis using a two-bag,
      low hydrostatic pressure drainage system.
AB  - Adequate drainage volume (DV) is a prerequisite for long-term success of
      intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IPD). Ultrafiltration (UF) is basically
      determined by the interplay of two major forces: a driving osmotic force created
      by a hyperosmolar dialysate solution versus an opposing force--the
      intraperitoneal hydrostatic pressure. Conventional drainage procedures (CS) are
      capable of achieving a fluid volume of 3 L per bag. We found that this intrabag
      volume corresponds to an intrabag hydrostatic pressure of 60 cm water. Because
      this drainage system is closed, the intrabag hydrostatic pressure reflects
      intraperitoneal hydrostatic pressure. A low-pressure system (LPS) was devised to
      evaluate the possible influence on DV of reducing HP. Our results show that such
      LPS does indeed significantly improve DV, using a decreased number of exchanges.
      The residual volume and its glucose concentration (in a 1.5-g/dl exchange) were
      measured with CS. When followed by an 4.25-g/dl exchange, an 11% reduction in
      glucose concentration was evident. Thus, the osmotic driving force may also be
      impaired by incomplete drainage. To obtain maximal DV during IPD, a LPS should be
      used. This could be achieved by using 2 L dialysate in 3-L bags.

PMID- 3689180
TI  - Lacrimal system intubation.

PMID- 3689179
TI  - Anal and urinary control device.
AB  - Anal and urinary incontinence remains a major problem in spite of many efforts to
      correct it in the past. The present study describes the development of a new
      device for controlling anal and urinary incontinence and its successful use in 20
      patients. The device is applied to the anorectal area in a noninvasive manner. It
      provides continence and, upon removal, allows normal bowel movement and
      urination. The cleaned device is then reapplied. The anorectal area tolerates the
      device well and no complications have been observed.

PMID- 3689181
TI  - Use of impression cytology in neonatal chlamydial conjunctivitis.

PMID- 3689182
TI  - Ocular biometry.

PMID- 3689183
TI  - Indirect "nasoscopy'.

PMID- 3689184
TI  - Preseptal cellulitis complicated by toxic shock syndrome. Case report.

PMID- 3689185
TI  - Abuse of cyanoacrylate in child abuse. Case report.

PMID- 3689186
TI  - Photic maculopathy: early angiographic and ophthalmoscopic findings and late
      development of choroidal folds. Case report.

PMID- 3689187
TI  - "Pseudo'-combined hamartoma following papilledema. Case report.

PMID- 3689188
TI  - Certification for the cataract surgeon: is it needed?

PMID- 3689189
TI  - Contrast sensitivity function in nephropathic cystinosis.
AB  - Cystinosis is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder in which nonprotein
      cystine accumulates within most body organs due to a defect in lysosomal cystine
      transport. The pathognomonic ocular manifestations of cystinosis are the presence
      of distinctive iridescent crystals within ocular tissue and a pigmentary
      retinopathy. We measured spatial contrast sensitivity in seven patients with
      infantile-onset nephropathic cystinosis and compared their contrast sensitivity
      function with that measured in ten age-matched controls. Spatial contrast
      sensitivities in the patient group were significantly lower than those in the
      normal group. Loss of contrast sensitivity in the patients with nephropathic
      cystinosis was more pronounced at higher spatial frequencies. We speculate that
      this loss of contrast function is primarily a manifestation of corneal disease,
      with secondary contributions from retinal changes and central nervous system
      dysfunction.

PMID- 3689190
TI  - Glare disability in nephropathic cystinosis.
AB  - Cystinosis is a rare metabolic disorder in which nonprotein cystine accumulates
      within lysosomes due to a defect in lysosomal cystine transport. Although cystine
      accumulates within most ocular tissues, patients with cystinosis generally
      complain only of photophobia and glare. We measured glare sensitivity in 12
      patients with infantile cystinosis and compared their results with an age-matched
      control population. Ten of the 12 patients with cystinosis had demonstrable glare
      disability when compared with the control group. Glare disability scores in the
      patients with cystinosis ranged from 5% to 50%. Dazzle glare resulting from the
      accumulation of cystine crystals in ocular tissue may account for glare
      disability seen in these patients and contribute to their complaints of
      photophobia.

PMID- 3689191
TI  - Vitrectomy for progressive macular traction associated with proliferative
      diabetic retinopathy.
AB  - A small group of eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy develop progressive
      macular traction characterized by partial vitreous detachment with vitreo-retinal
      traction along the arcades and disc, retinal traction lines extending through the
      fovea, and progressive visual loss. Vitrectomy may be helpful in stabilizing
      selected eyes and actually improving visual acuity.

PMID- 3689192
TI  - Optic disc rim area is related to disc size in normal subjects.
AB  - Measurements of optic disc rim area are used to quantitatively evaluate the optic
      nerve head in open angle glaucoma. It has been suggested that disc rim area
      (neuroretinal rim area) is independent of disc size, unlike measurements of cup
      disc ratio that co-vary with measurements of disc size. To test the relationships
      between topographic optic disc measurements and disc size, we used computerized
      image analysis (Rodenstock analyzer) of the optic nerve head to measure total
      disc area, cup area, disc rim area, and disc cup volume in 38 normal subjects.
      Magnification-corrected measurements of cup area, disc rim area, and cup volume
      were positively correlated with measurements of disc area. Measurements of disc
      rim area were therefore not independent of disc size in this group of normal
      subjects. A normal range of values for disc rim area can be predicted for an eye
      depending on the area of its optic disc. Sensitive predictions require further
      refinement based on the patient's age, race, and sex.

PMID- 3689193
TI  - Goblet cell density in thermal and chemical injuries.
AB  - Abnormality of the conjunctival epithelium was evaluated in ten patients with
      severe thermal and chemical injuries at the scarred stage, eight patients with
      Stevens-Johnson syndrome, five with cicatricial ocular pemphigoid, and 13 normal
      subjects, based on goblet cell densities obtained using impression cytologic
      examination. The average and SDs of goblet cell densities were 197.4 +/-
      264.4/mm2 in thermal and chemical injuries, 3.0 +/- 5.6/mm2 in Stevens-Johnson
      syndrome, 0.6 +/- 0.8/mm2 in cicatricial ocular pemphigoid, and 38.7 +/- 25.8/mm2
      in normal subjects. There were statistically significant differences in goblet
      cell densities between thermal and chemical injuries and both Stevens-Johnson
      syndrome and cicatricial ocular pemphigoid. Moreover, conjunctival specimens from
      both eyes in six unilateral cases of thermal and chemical injuries revealed
      higher goblet cell densities in the injured than in the normal fellow eyes in all
      cases. These findings imply that ocular surface diseases with similar clinical
      manifestations may have different cell-biologic abnormalities in the conjunctival
      epithelium.

PMID- 3689195
TI  - Early surgical drainage of macular subretinal hemorrhage.

PMID- 3689194
TI  - Lens capsule abnormalities in Alport's syndrome.
AB  - The ultrastructure of the glomerular basement membrane in Alport's syndrome is
      well known and characteristic of this disease, but the anterior lenticonus that
      frequently occurs in this syndrome has not been similarly studied. An anterior
      lens capsule from a 30-year-old patient with lenticonus who had Alport's syndrome
      was obtained at capsulectomy and found to be one third the normal thickness
      centrally and to be more fibrillar than usual. There were large numbers of
      partial capsular dehiscences containing fibrillar material and vacuoles. Cellular
      debris and more recent ruptures of lens epithelial cell membranes underlaid the
      breaks. The anterior capsule is clearly fragile in this disease, forming the
      basis for the progressive lenticonus and anterior polar cataract. These
      abnormalities correlate well with a defect in the type IV collagen molecule, as
      has been recently reported in Alport's syndrome.

PMID- 3689196
TI  - Breast carcinoma metastatic to the eyelids.

PMID- 3689197
TI  - Rhabdomyosarcoma of the temporal bone: clinical report.
AB  - Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of the head and neck in
      young children, but it is a rare entity in the temporal bone. We have detailed
      our experiences with two of our patients who had tumor in this site. Both were
      under the age of 2 years. One child had 6th and 7th nerve paralysis. The clinical
      features associated with these tumors and available treatment are reviewed.

PMID- 3689198
TI  - Modulation of the masking phenomenon by the crossed part of the medial
      olivocochlear bundle.
AB  - The masking phenomenon is used in clinical investigation of the inner ear to
      determine the frequency selectivity properties of the auditory system. Sectioning
      of the crossed part of the medial efferent bundle in a guinea pig model decreases
      the simultaneous masking phenomenon. The efferent effect seen in the forward
      masking varied with the masking paradigm used. When the masker onset precedes the
      maskee onset by more than 40 ms, masking diminishes after sectioning the crossed
      part of the medial efferent bundle. When this duration was shortest (30 ms), no
      effect was observed. This phenomenon could be explained by the time necessary to
      stimulate the medial efferent loop. Our results could explain some differences
      observed in the compound action potential masking curves with different masking
      paradigms.

PMID- 3689199
TI  - An experimental study demonstrating the physiological polarity of the frog's
      utricle.
AB  - The frog Rana nigromaculata was used as an experimental model. The utricle and
      its nerve were isolated with the anterior and the lateral semicircular canal
      ampullae in frog Ringer's solution. The utricular otoconia and the otoconial
      membrane were then carefully removed. The halved anterior canal cupula was next
      placed in the tip of a glass microelectrode, which was mounted on a
      micromanipulator. The cupula was placed in the center of either the medial or the
      lateral part of the macula and was moved toward or away from the striola along
      the axis vertical to the striola. When the medial part of the macula was
      stimulated, 5 micron of striolapetal cupular movement elicited an excitatory
      nerve discharge. When the lateral part of the macula was stimulated, the
      striolapetal stimulus likewise induced an excitatory response. These results
      indicate the existence of physiological polarity on the utricular macula.

PMID- 3689200
TI  - Vascular permeability of the middle ear mucosa in otitis media with effusion.
AB  - Vascular permeability (VP) of the middle ear mucosa (MEM) in chronic otitis media
      with effusion (OME) was estimated in both pediatric and adult patients by
      calculating the middle ear effusion (MEE) to serum concentration ratios of
      albumin and of four protease inhibitors: alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT), alpha
      1-antichymotrypsin (alpha 1-X), inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (I-alpha-I) and
      alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2-M). The levels of albumin and alpha 1-AT in MEE
      were higher while those of I-alpha-I and alpha 2-M were lower than their serum
      levels in both adult serous and pediatric mucoid groups. There was a negative
      correlation between molecular weight and the mean value of the ratio (MEE/serum)
      of the four inhibitors in both serous (r = -0.989) and mucoid (r = -0.924)
      groups. Vascular permeability of the MEM seems to be variable in both serous and
      mucoid groups during middle ear inflammation. Selective leakage of proteins by
      molecular weight appears to occur in MEM. Our findings further indicate that a
      high level of the high-molecular-weight inhibitor alpha 2-M in MEE may be a
      significant index reflecting the remarkably enhanced VP of the MEM.

PMID- 3689201
TI  - The effect of round window membrane rupture on endolymphatic and perilymphatic
      pressures.
AB  - We used a guinea pig model to investigate the effect of round window membrane
      rupture on endolymphatic and perilymphatic pressures under conditions known to
      increase these pressures: anoxia, hypercapnia, increased intracranial pressure,
      and occlusion of the vein of the cochlear aqueduct. When the round window
      membrane was not ruptured, increases in endolymphatic pressure paralleled the
      perilymphatic pressure following exposure to each of the experimental conditions.
      After the round window membrane had been ruptured, however, no increases in
      perilymphatic pressure or endolymphatic pressure were seen. These results suggest
      that endolymphatic pressure is dependent on perilymphatic pressure, even when the
      round window membrane is ruptured.

PMID- 3689202
TI  - Influx and cellular degradation of low density lipoproteins in rabbit aorta
      determined in an in vitro perfusion system.
AB  - The accumulation of 125I-low density lipoprotein (LDL) into normal and
      atherosclerotic arterial tissue and cellular uptake in arterial cells were
      studied in an in vitro perfusion system for rabbit aorta. The accumulation of
      125I-LDL in normal tissue could be fitted to an inverse exponential function with
      an initial influx rate of 1.39 nl/mg wet weight/hour and an equilibration volume
      of about 2% of the tissue volume. The influx rate into atherosclerotic plaques
      was about 10 times faster and the equilibration volume, 50 times higher. In
      atherosclerotic tissue there was a steep concentration gradient between the
      plaque and the underlying media. The accumulation of 125I-LDL in the media under
      plaque and in normal tissue adjacent to plaques was similar to that seen in
      normal tissue. For studies of cellular uptake of LDL a trace label, 125I-tyramine
      cellobiose (TC), was used. Normal or atherosclerotic rabbit aorta was perfused in
      vitro with medium containing 125I-TC-LDL. After perfusion the tissue was digested
      and the cells were isolated by density gradient centrifugation. Two main cell
      fractions with characteristics of smooth muscle cells and foam cells,
      respectively, were obtained. A 70-fold higher uptake was seen in the foam cells.
      In conclusion, these studies suggest a higher influx rate into atherosclerotic
      plaques, as well as a high LDL concentration in the plaque, compared with normal
      tissue or underlying media. We suggest that most of the cellular uptake of LDL in
      the arterial wall is caused by the foam cells.

PMID- 3689203
TI  - Cigarette smoking and hypertension. Factors independently associated with blood
      hyperviscosity and arterial rigidity.
AB  - The effects of cigarette smoking and hypertension on hemorheological variables
      (blood viscosity over a wide range of shear rates, plasma viscosity,
      microhematocrit, and plasma protein concentration) and on arterial stiffness
      (pulse wave velocity) were investigated in 33 normotensive men and 81 mild to
      moderately hypertensive men. Of these, 22 normotensive and 24 hypertensive
      subjects were cigarette smokers. Cigarette smoking and hypertension were
      independently associated with higher blood viscosity at all studied shear rates
      (from 0.2 to 241 sec-1) as well as with higher plasma viscosity, hematocrit, and
      pulse wave velocity. At constant hematocrit levels, hypertension remained
      associated with a higher blood viscosity, while the association with cigarette
      smoking disappeared. Normotensive smokers had the same increase of blood and
      plasma viscosity and pulse wave velocity as hypertensive nonsmokers. No
      interactive effects of hypertension or cigarette smoking on blood or arterial
      variables were observed, suggesting that the effect of these two factors on blood
      and vascular rheology are cumulative. Smoking and hypertension may change the
      flow properties of the blood and the behavior of the arterial wall and this may
      explain the arterial damage observed in cigarette smokers and hypertensive
      patients.

PMID- 3689204
TI  - Effect of verapamil on cholesteryl ester hydrolysis and reesterification in
      macrophages.
AB  - The macrophage-like cell line, J774, and its variant, CT2, were used to study the
      effect of verapamil on metabolism of esterified cholesterol. The cells had been
      labelled with 3H-cholesterol for 24 hours and thereafter acetylated low density
      lipoprotein (LDL) or d less than 1.019 g/ml fraction of hypercholesterolemic
      rabbit plasma was added. After an additional 24 hours, 60% or 40% of the label,
      respectively, was recovered in esterified cholesterol in control dishes, but only
      2% to 15%, in the presence of 50 microM verapamil. Enhancement of esterification
      of cellular 3H-cholesterol was also obtained by addition of liposomes with a
      cholesterol/phosphatidylcholine molar ratio of 2:1. This reaction was almost
      completely inhibited by compound 58-035, an acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase
      (ACAT) inhibitor, while addition of verapamil resulted in a dose-dependent
      partial inhibition which was evident after 4 hours. To determine whether the
      reduction in cholesterol esterification was due to a direct inhibition of ACAT or
      to an effect of verapamil on the transport of cholesterol to the site of ACAT
      activity, the cells were incubated with acetylated LDL labelled with 3H
      cholesteryl ester, and the amount of uptake, lysosomal hydrolysis, and
      cytoplasmic reesterification was determined. In control cells and in cells
      exposed to the ACAT inhibitor, more than 98% of the 3H-cholesteryl ester taken up
      had been hydrolyzed. Reesterification of 3H-cholesterol was negligible in the
      presence of the ACAT inhibitor and amounted to 37.1% in control cells. When
      verapamil was present, reesterification of 3H-cholesterol to cholesteryl ester
      was only 4%, while the amount of 3H-cholesteryl ester hydrolyzed was 58% of that
      taken up.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3689205
TI  - Long-term effects of verapamil on aortic smooth muscle cells cultured in the
      presence of hypercholesterolemic serum.
AB  - Smooth muscle cells derived from rabbit and bovine aorta were cultured for up to
      5 weeks in the presence of d less than 1.019 g/ml fraction of
      hypercholesterolemic rabbit serum. When this fraction was added to serum
      containing culture medium, there was a significant increase in DNA, protein, and
      cholesteryl ester per dish. Addition of 50 microM verapamil markedly reduced the
      stimulatory effect of the d less than 1.019 g/ml fraction on both DNA and protein
      content per dish. The effect of verapamil on cholesteryl ester content was more
      complex: there was an increase within the first week, but later the net
      accumulation of cholesteryl ester per dish was lower than in untreated dishes.
      The recovery of less DNA in verapamil-treated dishes was not due to increased
      cell loss, as evidenced by retention of a residualizing marker, 3H-cholesteryl
      linoleyl ether. Moreover, verapamil did reduce incorporation of 3H-thymidine into
      DNA. In verapamil-treated dishes, there was flattening and a cobblestone
      appearance of the cells. A hypothesis is proposed to explain the inhibitory
      effect of verapamil on the development of atheroma formation in cholesterol-fed
      rabbits: Assuming that macrophages play an active role in cholesteryl ester
      removal from atheroma, verapamil, which reduces lysosomal cholesteryl ester
      hydrolysis in macrophages, would permit the lipid-laden macrophage to remove more
      cholesteryl ester per cell from the arterial wall. In addition, the presently
      reported results support the possibility that verapamil may impede the
      development of atheroma formation by reduction of smooth muscle cell
      proliferation.

PMID- 3689206
TI  - Modulation of glycosaminoglycan production and antithrombin III binding by
      cultured aortic endothelial cells treated with 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D
      xyloside.
AB  - The interaction between antithrombin III and heparinlike glycosaminoglycan
      molecules present on the vascular surface seems to play a significant role in the
      regulation of coagulation. We have tested the hypothesis that altered synthesis
      of glycosaminoglycans by endothelial cells could influence this interaction by
      using 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xyloside for metabolic perturbation of
      glycosaminoglycan production. Incubation of purified porcine 125I-antithrombin
      III with cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells demonstrated specific, time
      dependent, saturable binding of this protease inhibitor to the endothelial cell
      surface with antithrombin III concentration at half-maximal binding of
      approximately 40 nM. This binding was displaced by heparin and was completely
      abolished by selective removal of heparan sulfate from cells with heparitinase,
      indicating that antithrombin III binds to heparan sulfate on the surface of
      endothelial cells. Incubation of cell cultures with beta-D-xyloside resulted in a
      reduction of maximum antithrombin III binding by approximately 65% with little
      alteration in binding affinity. beta-D-Xyloside did not affect the cellular
      growth or morphology. Reduction of the binding after exposure to various
      concentrations (33 to 500 microM) of xyloside occurred in parallel with the
      decrease in incorporation of both 35S-sulfate and 3H-glucosamine into cell
      surface heparan sulfate. Whereas the size of heparan sulfate chains derived from
      the cell surface was not altered by xyloside treatment, they appeared to have
      slightly less net negative charge and a significantly reduced proportion of the
      molecule with high affinity for antithrombin III in the presence of xyloside. On
      the other hand, secretion of free chondroitin sulfate (and dermatan sulfate)
      chains into the medium was markedly increased (16-fold) in the presence of
      xyloside, accompanied by a smaller increase in secretion of free heparan sulfate
      chains. There was a good correlation between conditions with decreased
      antithrombin III binding and an inhibition of the endothelial cell-mediated
      acceleration of thrombin inactivation by antithrombin III. These results suggest
      that beta-D-xyloside caused a dose-dependent decrease in production as well as
      some subtle structural alterations of cell-surface-associated heparan sulfate,
      which could serve as binding sites for antithrombin III on the endothelial cells
      and mediate enhancing the anticoagulant activity of this protein. This system may
      offer a potentially useful model to investigate the possible mechanisms
      responsible for the development of a procoagulant state involving these
      endothelial macromolecules.

PMID- 3689207
TI  - Epidemiology of aortic aneurysms: I. Mortality trends in the United States, 1951
      to 1981.
AB  - The trends in mortality from aortic aneurysms in the United States from 1951
      through 1981 were studied. Annual age-specific and age-adjusted mortality for
      aortic aneurysms were calculated for white males, white females, nonwhite males,
      and nonwhite females. For all four groups, a constant increase in age-adjusted
      mortality was noted for the period 1951 to 1968 (an average annual increase of
      17% for white males, 12% for white females, 14% for nonwhite males, and 15% for
      nonwhite females), plateauing in 1968, with a slight decline noted after 1968.
      The increase corresponded to an increase in the total number of U.S. aortic
      aneurysm deaths from about 2500 to approximately 14,000. The decline was most
      notable for dissecting aneurysms. Analysis of the age-specific rates by birth
      cohort suggests that mortality is increasing with each subsequent cohort.
      Analysis of specific aneurysm types (dissecting, thoracic, abdominal, and not
      otherwise specified) suggests that abdominal ones are most common. These data are
      reviewed in the context of existing knowledge of aortic aneurysms. Further
      studies to validate these findings and to develop hypotheses for the etiology of
      aortic aneurysms are needed.

PMID- 3689209
TI  - The changing face of practice management.

PMID- 3689208
TI  - New guidelines for the treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults from the
      National Cholesterol Education Program. From controversy to consensus.

PMID- 3689210
TI  - Philosopher, friend.

PMID- 3689211
TI  - A form for computer prescribing.

PMID- 3689213
TI  - Sexually transmissible diseases. What tests?

PMID- 3689212
TI  - Pathology testing in general practice.

PMID- 3689214
TI  - Dry pathology. Its future application in general practice.

PMID- 3689215
TI  - Modern mammography.

PMID- 3689216
TI  - Laboratory investigation of the patient with a bleeding tendency.

PMID- 3689217
TI  - Lateral neck X-rays. Useful or dangerous in acute infective upper airways
      obstruction.

PMID- 3689218
TI  - Injection therapy for a ganglion.

PMID- 3689219
TI  - Beware the yellow pearl!

PMID- 3689220
TI  - Marketing in medical practice.

PMID- 3689221
TI  - Drug screening.

PMID- 3689222
TI  - Recurrent abdominal pain in children.

PMID- 3689223
TI  - Measles.

PMID- 3689224
TI  - A traumatised finger.

PMID- 3689226
TI  - Community and population studies in general practice.

PMID- 3689225
TI  - How to satisfy patients and compete with the entrepreneurs.

PMID- 3689227
TI  - Sharing research ideas.

PMID- 3689228
TI  - Ethics in focus.

PMID- 3689229
TI  - Epidural 'Port-a-Cath': an analgesic find.

PMID- 3689230
TI  - The nursing struggle.

PMID- 3689231
TI  - Nurse & the law. Patient autonomy vs paternalism.

PMID- 3689232
TI  - Temperature dependence of the velocity of sound in human blood and blood
      components.

PMID- 3689233
TI  - A comparative evaluation of special seating for severely disabled children.

PMID- 3689234
TI  - Monte Carlo study of neutron and gamma ray transport in the AAEC total body
      nitrogen facility.

PMID- 3689236
TI  - Neutron doses to personnel from a 24 MeV Betatron.

PMID- 3689235
TI  - Tissue density measurement using CT scanning.

PMID- 3689237
TI  - The Australian and New Zealand Society of Nuclear Medicine--seventeenth annual
      scientific meeting. Hobart, 23-26 March, 1986. Abstracts.

PMID- 3689238
TI  - The Australian and New Zealand Society of Nuclear Medicine--eighteenth annual
      scientific meeting. Brisbane, 3-6 May, 1987. Abstracts.

PMID- 3689239
TI  - The Australian Society for Infectious Diseases, annual scientific meeting. Perth,
      4-6 February, 1987. Abstracts.

PMID- 3689240
TI  - The Gastroenterological Society of Australia, annual scientific meeting.
      Canberra, 24-26 April 1987. Abstracts.

PMID- 3689241
TI  - The Thoracic Society of Australia, annual scientific meeting. Perth, 24-26 June,
      1987. Abstracts.

PMID- 3689242
TI  - The Haematology Society of Australia and the Australian Society of Blood
      Transfusion. Hamilton Island, Queensland, 5-10 July, 1987. Abstracts.

PMID- 3689243
TI  - The Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand, annual scientific meeting.
      Melbourne, 2-5 August, 1987. Abstracts.

PMID- 3689244
TI  - The treatment of combined carotid and coronary arterial disease.

PMID- 3689245
TI  - The Angelchik prosthesis--results and complications.

PMID- 3689246
TI  - Surgical excision of primary cardiac tumours in infancy.
AB  - Six cases of primary cardiac tumour have been operated upon in a 7 year period
      from 1 June 1979 until 1 June 1986. All patients were under 6 months of age at
      the time of operation and two of the patients were in their first week of life.
      The principal indication for surgery was obstruction mainly at the right or left
      ventricular outflow tract level. More recently echo evaluation alone has been
      adequate to define the problem prior to surgery. Surgical excision has been
      performed without mortality or significant complications. In most cases resection
      has been complete, although in one case residual tumour has been left because of
      attachment of the tumour to vital structures. Follow-up of this case has not
      resulted in further surgery being required because of regrowth of the tumour. In
      one case, with co-existent congenital heart disease, the tumour was brought to
      notice after palliative systemic to pulmonary artery shunt had been performed.
      From the cardiac view point gratifying results have been obtained both in the
      short and long term following surgical resection. However, for patients with
      rhabdomyoma, later development of symptomatic tuberosclerosis should be
      anticipated in 50% of cases.

PMID- 3689247
TI  - Electrical stimulation in the treatment of chronic venous ulceration.
AB  - A clinical study was conducted over a 2 year period to assess the effect of four
      different treatments on the healing of venous leg ulcers. The treatments
      consisted of standard local applications of povidone-iodine or normal saline,
      with and without electrode therapy. At weekly intervals, ulcer areas were
      measured using a newly developed technique. This allowed time-to-heal data to be
      analysed. A comparison of the four treatments revealed a highly significant
      retarding effect on ulcer healing by the povidone-iodine plus electrode
      treatment. There were no statistical differences for comparisons made between
      povidone-iodine alone and normal saline alone or for normal saline with and
      without electrode. Covariates were considered in the analyses. Patient sex and
      initial ulcer area were identified as significant factors in ulcer's time-to-heal
      (P less than 0.05), while patient's smoking habits, age and ulcer's initial total
      organism count had no influence.

PMID- 3689248
TI  - Survey of the management of primary breast cancer in Western Australia.
AB  - A postal survey of all general surgeons in Western Australia was undertaken in
      order to document their current attitudes towards the management of primary
      breast cancer. The commonest surgical procedure preferred for stages I and II
      breast cancer was a modified radical mastectomy, although a substantial number
      (31%) of surgeons favour breast conserving procedures for primary tumours less
      than 2 cm in size. Few (3%) surgeons still perform a classical radical or
      extended radical mastectomy. There is a wide diversity of practices regarding pre
      operative investigations and postoperative management. Although many surgeons
      (68%) use aspiration cytology to determine the histologic nature of breast lumps,
      the majority (62%) do not use mammography to monitor the contralateral breast.
      After breast conserving surgery, 60% of surgeons would not refer their patients
      for adjuvant radiotherapy and over 33% would not favour the use of adjuvant
      systemic therapy for women with stage II breast cancer. It is concluded that the
      wide diversity in the pattern of management reflects uncertainty regarding the
      best approach to this disease.

PMID- 3689249
TI  - The complementary role of fine needle aspiration cytology and Tru-cut needle
      biopsy in the management of breast masses.
AB  - Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNA) and Tru-cut needle biopsy (TNB) have been
      used for the pre-operative diagnosis of cancer in breast masses as alternatives
      to open breast biopsy. The accuracy of clinical examination, fine needle
      aspiration biopsy and Tru-cut needle biopsy was assessed in 230 patients with
      palpable breast masses and the value of using both biopsy methods in the
      management was prospectively evaluated. Clinical diagnosis had a sensitivity of
      89.2% and specificity of 78.4% (32.7% false positive, 6.5% false negative).
      Aspiration cytology was diagnostic in 78.4% of cancers and 71.6% of benign
      lesions [excluding non-diagnostic samples (27.4%), sensitivity was 96.6% and
      specificity was 100%]. Tru-cut needle biopsy identified 82.9% of cancers and
      61.7% of benign lesions [excluding non-diagnostic samples (33.3%), sensitivity
      was 96.7% and specificity was 100%]. There were no false positive errors with
      either aspiration cytology or needle biopsy. Statistical comparison showed that
      there was no significant difference between aspiration cytology and needle
      biopsy. The combined result of both biopsies was superior to clinical examination
      when non-diagnostic samples were excluded. With the routine use of both biopsy
      techniques, frozen section was avoided in 73% of all cancers and unnecessary
      operations were avoided in 33.5% of patients which included breast cysts, benign
      mammary dysplasia and inflammatory lesions.

PMID- 3689250
TI  - The Angelchik prosthesis: results and complications.
AB  - Fifty-four patients who had the Angelchik antireflux prosthesis inserted during
      the period March 1981 to May 1985 were sent a questionnaire and their medical
      records were reviewed. Forty-four patients replied: 68% said that they were
      cured, 25% said they were improved and two patients (4.5%) said they were worse
      after the operation. Of those who replied, 93% would recommend the procedure to
      others with a similar condition, 89% have had no further heartburn, and 72% have
      had no further regurgitation. However, it would appear from the responses that
      eight patients (18% of those who replied) have significant dysphagia not present
      before operation, at times varying from 8 months to 4 years and 10 months from
      operation (mean 38.5 months). Six additional patients (14%) had temporary
      dysphagia, now resolved and five patients (11%) have persisting minor dysphagia
      not present pre-operatively. Five respondents are known to have postoperative
      heartburn, two of whom are known to have persisting oesophagitis with ulceration.
      Nine patients (20%) continue to experience regurgitation, related to dysphagia in
      eight. Three prostheses have been removed without replacement; one after an
      oesophageal leak (believed to be related to a simultaneous parietal cell
      vagotomy), one for severe dysphagia and one which was unsuccessfully used to hold
      reduced a very large hiatus hernia. Two prostheses have been replaced after they
      slipped down the stomach wall, one with the tapes detached. (This latter
      prosthesis was one of the original ones with the tapes attached to the ends of
      the prosthesis only--a problem which has since been rectified by the
      manufacturer.) General surgical complications are listed for completeness.

PMID- 3689251
TI  - The cost of resection for colorectal cancer.
AB  - The aim of this study was to determine the average total cost and component costs
      of the surgical management of colorectal cancer (CRC) in a large teaching
      hospital and to examine the relationships between cost and several
      characteristics of the patients. Data were compiled for 97 consecutive patients
      undergoing resection for CRC at Concord Hospital in 1979. The cost of the
      following components was calculated for each patient: (a) pre- and postoperative
      bed occupancy; (b) investigations; (c) operation; (d) anaesthetic; (e) prescribed
      drugs; (f) allied health services. The cost of bed occupancy was by far the
      largest item in the average total cost (72%), followed by the cost of
      investigations (11%). There was no correlation between pre- and postoperative bed
      occupancy and no patient characteristic had a statistically significant effect on
      pre-operative stay. Several factors were associated with prolonged postoperative
      stay including the number of clinical problems, operation for rectal as opposed
      to colonic cancer, having a two-stage procedure, surgical complications and wound
      infection. By far the greatest reduction in total cost could be achieved by
      reducing the length of postoperative stay.

PMID- 3689252
TI  - Anastomotic recurrence with distortion and disruption of the staple ring--a plea
      for routine plain X-ray after circular stapled large bowel anastomosis.

PMID- 3689253
TI  - Primary hypospadias repair with single stage techniques.
AB  - Our experience with primary hypospadias repair by single stage technique is
      reviewed. The transverse preputial island flap is most versatile and can be used
      for hypospadias varying in severity from the subcoronal to the perineal types. In
      this study, this technique carried a fistula rate of 14%. Glanular and coronal
      hypospadias were corrected by the technique of meatal advancement and
      glanuloplasty (MAGPI) which had a zero fistula rate. An overall fistula rate of
      7.5% is considered acceptable. Single stage repair should be considered standard
      practice in the management of hypospadias repair. A brief description is given of
      the procedure of transverse preputial island flap repair.

PMID- 3689254
TI  - The management of hypospadias.
AB  - A prospective study of hypospadias management is reported in this paper. Over a
      period of 4 years, 88 children with hypospadias were operated on according to a
      set schedule of age and anatomical defect. An analysis of these cases is
      presented and as a result of the study, recommendations regarding the timing and
      type of surgery according to defect are made. The report emphasizes the
      importance of early operation (less than 18/12 of age) using one stage
      procedures, and proposing that hospital stay can be shortened considerably by
      sending patients home with their catheters in situ.

PMID- 3689255
TI  - The vagus and neurotensin release in duodenal ulcer--clinical and experimental
      studies.
AB  - Although meal-stimulated neurotensin release from the small intestine is
      inhibited by cholinergic blockade, it is uncertain whether this cholinergic
      mechanism involves the vagus. This study examines the role of the vagus in
      neurotensin release by first determining the effect of vagotomy on meal
      stimulated plasma neurotensin in man and second, the effect on plasma neurotensin
      of electrical stimulation of the vagus in sheep. Six volunteers were studied 6-8
      weeks after truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty. Basal plasma neurotensin at 32(15
      67) pmol/l (median, range) was greater than in normal controls at 17 (9-52)
      pmol/l (P less than 0.05). Following a standard meal, plasma neurotensin rose
      significantly (P less than 0.05), but similarly in both post-vagotomy and control
      groups to maxima of 74 (43-76) pmol/l and 52 (35-65) pmol/l, respectively. Basal
      plasma neurotensin in the six sheep was below the detection limit of the assay
      and remained undetectable during electrical stimulation of the vagus. Significant
      rises in plasma pancreatic polypeptide and gastrin confirmed the efficacy of the
      electrical stimulation. It is concluded that although the vagus might have a
      tonic inhibitory effect on basal plasma neurotensin, meal-stimulated neurotensin
      release is vagally independent. The inhibitory cholinergic influence on meal
      stimulated release is most likely therefore to be mediated by cholinergic nerves
      of the enteric nervous system.

PMID- 3689256
TI  - The use of long synthetic microvascular grafts in dogs with a view to clinical
      application.
AB  - Five centimetres long segments of 3 mm internal diameter synthetic expanded
      polytetrafluorethylene (E-PTFE) vascular graft (Gore-Tex) were implanted into the
      femoral arteries, proximal to the origin of the saphenous artery, of 10 mongrel
      dogs. In five cases saphenous island flaps were raised and the femoral artery was
      ligated distal to the saphenous origin so that a low flow system was created
      through the graft. In 10 femoral vessels the Gore-Tex graft was inserted without
      raising a flap and the distal femoral artery not ligated so that the graft acted
      purely as a conduit for blood flow to the distal limb. This created a high flow
      rate model compared to the reduced flow in the former group. In the first group
      flap survival was evaluated daily by direct observation of the flaps and graft
      patency was assessed every 48 h by means of Doppler ultrasound. None of these
      flaps survived longer then 48 h. In the second group, graft patency was monitored
      every 48 h with Doppler ultrasound and exploration of Gore-Tex grafts at 3 weeks
      showed that all had thrombosed.

PMID- 3689257
TI  - Vein to artery grafts: a study of re-innervation in relation to neo-intimal
      hyperplasia.
AB  - This study was undertaken to determine whether there is an association between
      the sympathetic re-innervation and development of neo-intimal smooth muscle
      hyperplasia in vein to artery grafts. Iliolumbar vein to iliac artery grafts were
      placed in 21 rats by microsurgical techniques. Graft innervation and neo-intimal
      thickness were examined at five time intervals between 1 and 32 weeks after
      grafting. Nerve fibres were demonstrated microscopically by formaldehyde-induced
      fluorescence of catecholamines. The degree of innervation was quantitated by
      counting the nerve profiles and this was compared with the amount of neo-intimal
      hyperplasia. The distance between adventitial nerve profiles and neo-intima
      ('diffusion' distance) was measured to determine whether there was a trophic
      interaction between the two. These data were compared with similar measurements
      in control iliac arteries in the same animals. Although the development of both
      graft innervation and neo-intimal hyperplasia occurred coincidentally, no
      definite quantitative association between the two was established.

PMID- 3689258
TI  - Mullerian duct cyst (utricular cyst): treatment with the transvesical,
      transtrigonal approach.
AB  - The diagnosis of mullerian duct or utricular cyst should be considered in a child
      with urinary difficulties and a palpable midline, anterior rectal mass.
      Endoscopic cannulation of the cyst has been found to be the most useful
      diagnostic test. Infection should be treated with the appropriate antibiotics
      before definitive treatment. Surgical excision offers the best result. The
      transperitoneal and posterior parasacral approaches have been described but we
      favour the transvesical, transtrigonal approach which we find highly
      satisfactory. The risk of malignancy at a later age is an added indication for
      surgery.

PMID- 3689259
TI  - Aggressive angiomyxoma of the female pelvis.
AB  - A 42 year old female presented with a 6 year history of a perineal mass.
      Clinically it had all the features of a perineal hernia. Two previous attempts to
      repair the 'hernia' had been performed. At operation an aggressive angiomyxoma of
      the female pelvis was identified and resected via an abdomino-perineal combined
      approach. The case is discussed with reference to the literature.

PMID- 3689260
TI  - Kikuyu poisoning of cattle in New South Wales and its relationship to pasture
      fungi on kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum).
AB  - In the late summer and autumn of 1980 kikuyu poisoning of cattle was diagnosed on
      9 farms in New South Wales resulting in 213 deaths among 1370 cattle at risk.
      Clinical, autopsy and histopathological findings are described and are consistent
      with those previously recorded. Kikuyu grass samples from 5 paddocks in which
      deaths were occurring were examined for the presence of fungi. Myrothecium spp
      were not present. Fusarium semitectum, F. moniliforme var subglutinans,
      Penicillium spp and a Phoma sp were the most common fungi isolated but with the
      exception of F. semitectum were not consistently present. F. semitectum was
      present in adjacent kikuyu grass paddocks in which deaths were not occurring. Two
      of the farms had army caterpillar (Mythimna convecta) infestations. Army
      caterpillar faeces present in these paddocks did not contain Myrothecium spp; the
      fungi present reflected the population present on the kikuyu grass. These
      findings do not suggest a mycotic cause for kikuyu poisoning.

PMID- 3689261
TI  - Tunicamycin and corynetoxin poisoning in sheep.
AB  - Quantitative toxicity studies were carried out in sheep using corynetoxin,
      tunicamycin and toxic annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum). Sheep were very sensitive
      to these toxins. The lethal dose was about 35 micrograms/kg bodyweight for pure
      tunicamycin given by subcutaneous injection and 3 to 5 mg/kg for corynetoxin
      administered orally as slurries of bacterial galls of known corynetoxin content.
      The total lethal dose was of the same order, whether given as a single dose or as
      repeated smaller doses, the maximum interval tested being 9 weeks between doses.
      This finding indicates that a second exposure of animals to toxic rye grass in
      the one season would present a greater risk than would a first exposure to the
      same field. It also demonstrates the advisability of the monitoring of pasture
      levels of gall contamination, as levels below those that produce clinical signs
      of the disease may still contribute to an accumulating burden of toxicity.

PMID- 3689262
TI  - Isolation and characterisation of Bordetella avium and related species and an
      evaluation of their role in respiratory disease in poultry.
AB  - A total of 24 Gram negative non fermentative bacteria obtained from poultry were
      compared with reference strains of Bordetella avium, Alcaligenes faecalis,
      Bordetella bronchiseptica and a Bordetella avium-like organism. Thirteen isolates
      were identified as B. avium and 11 were identified as B. avium-like. A commercial
      microidentification kit (the API2ONE) did not identify the field isolates but did
      separate them correctly into the 2 groups. A practical identification scheme,
      suitable for diagnostic laboratories, is proposed for these organisms. The
      available clinical histories suggest that B. avium is associated with upper
      respiratory tract disease in turkeys.

PMID- 3689263
TI  - Paracetamol toxicity in a cat.
AB  - Paracetamol, a common human analgesic, is potentially fatal in the cat unless
      specific therapy is started early. A cat two and one half years old was referred
      for treatment 14 h after paracetamol had been administered (173 mg/kg). The cat
      was moribund and cyanotic and subsequently became anaemic and icteric. Treatment
      consisted of N-acetylcysteine, ascorbic acid and DL-methionine to decrease toxic
      effects of the paracetamol and intravenous fluids, blood transfusion and
      amoxycillin as supportive treatment. The cat recovered clinically during the
      following 12 days, but some laboratory abnormalities were still present 3 weeks
      later.

PMID- 3689264
TI  - Pathology of the accessory sex glands of rams infected with Brucella ovis.

PMID- 3689265
TI  - Chronic pyelonephritis in a brood mare.

PMID- 3689266
TI  - Macroscopic kidney lesions in slaughtered pigs are an inadequate indicator of
      current leptospiral infection.

PMID- 3689267
TI  - Antibodies to B. canis in dogs in Papua New Guinea.

PMID- 3689268
TI  - Comparison of metabolic responses of United States Military Academy men and women
      in acute military load bearing.
AB  - Twenty-four first year United States Military Academy (USMA) men and women were
      studied to compare metabolic response differences in seven horizontal walking
      velocities, under three military load bearing conditions. The treadmill protocol
      consisted of walking or jogging on a horizontal treadmill surface for 3-min
      intervals at velocities of 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, and 6 mph. The three military
      load bearing conditions weighed 5, 12, and 20 kg. Metabolic measurements taken at
      each speed in each of the military load bearing conditions were: minute volume,
      tidal volume, respiratory rate, absolute and relative to body weight oxygen
      consumption, and respiratory quotient. Two three-way analyses of variance for
      repeated measures tests with main effects of gender, military load, and speed
      revealed that USMA men and women metabolically respond to different military load
      bearing conditions; they metabolically respond to different walking and jogging
      velocities under military load bearing conditions; and they have identifiable and
      quantifiable metabolic response differences to military load bearing. This study
      was designed to improve USMA physical and military training programs by providing
      information to equally and uniformly administer the USMA Doctrine of Comparable
      Training to men and women alike; and additionally to clarify the "...minimal
      essential adjustments...required because of physiological differences between
      male and female individuals ..." portion of Public Law 94-106 providing for the
      admission of women to America's Service Academies.

PMID- 3689270
TI  - Fluid shifts and endocrine responses during lower body negative pressure and
      dynamic arm exercise.
AB  - The use of lower body negative pressure (LBNP) is proposed as a means of reducing
      the effect of spaceflight on body water loss by stimulation of renin angiotensin
      aldosterone system (RAAS) activity. Seven subjects were successively submitted to
      LBNP exposure, arm cranking physical exercise, and to a combination of both
      procedures (LBNP + arm cranking) in order to check whether this combination
      enhances RAAS activity. The results showed that exposure to 40 min of LBNP to a
      level of -40 mm Hg was a more potent stimulus for renin secretion than submaximal
      and maximal arm cranking. The combination of LBNP with exercise does not further
      enhance the RAAS activity induced by LBNP alone. These data suggest that the
      fluid shift toward the lower body induced by LBNP counteracts triggering of renin
      secretion due to physical exercise.

PMID- 3689269
TI  - Logistic risk model for the unique effects of inherent aerobic capacity on +Gz
      tolerance before and after simulated weightlessness.
AB  - Small sample size (n less than 10) and inappropriate analysis of multivariate
      data have hindered previous attempts to describe which physiologic and
      demographic variables are most important in determining how long humans can
      tolerate acceleration. Data from previous centrifuge studies conducted at
      NASA/Ames Research Center, utilizing a 7-14 d bed rest protocol to simulate
      weightlessness, were included in the current investigation. After review, data on
      25 women and 22 men were available for analysis. Study variables included gender,
      age, weight, height, percent body fat, resting heart rate, mean arterial
      pressure, VO2max, and plasma volume. Since the dependent variable was time to
      greyout (failure), two contemporary biostatistical modeling procedures
      (proportional hazard and logistic discriminant function) were used to estimate
      risk, given a particular subject's profile. After adjusting for pre-bed-rest
      tolerance time, none of the profile variables remained in the risk equation for
      post-bed-rest tolerance greyout. However, prior to bed rest, risk of greyout
      could be predicted with 91% accuracy. All of the profile variables except weight,
      MAP, and those related to inherent aerobic capacity (VO2max, percent body fat,
      resting heart rate) entered the risk equation for pre-bed-rest greyout. A cross
      validation using 24 new subjects indicated a very stable model for risk
      prediction, accurate within 5% of the original equation. The result for the
      inherent fitness variables is significant in that a consensus as to whether an
      increased aerobic capacity is beneficial or detrimental has not been
      satisfactorily established. We conclude that tolerance to +Gz acceleration before
      and after simulated weightlessness is independent of inherent aerobic fitness.

PMID- 3689271
TI  - Time course of endotoxemia and cardiovascular changes in heat-stressed primates.
AB  - Heat stress causes a marked reduction in splanchnic blood flow in order to
      compensate for the increased flow to the skin. Splanchnic ischemia causes a
      leakage of endotoxins from the gut lumen into the portal circulation and,
      especially in the presence of a compromised reticuloendothelial system, may cause
      severe systemic endotoxemia. Since many of the pathological features of heat
      stroke are similar to the shock state produced by LPS, we examined whether heat
      stress causes endotoxemia. Five anesthetized monkeys were subjected to an
      environmental temperature of 41 degrees +/- 0.3 degrees C and relative humidity
      of 100%, until death. Rectal temperatures were recorded continuously, blood
      pressure and ECG were recorded at 5-min intervals, and arterial blood samples
      were taken at 15-30 min intervals. A decline in mean arterial pressure and rapid
      rise in heart rate occurred at about 42 degrees C. Plasma LPS remained at 0.071
      +/- 0.006 ng.ml-1 until a rectal temperature of +/- 42 degrees C. Thereafter, it
      increased slowly until beyond 43 degrees C when it rose rapidly to 0.347 +/-
      0.024 prior to death. Endotoxemia may have been a contributing factor in the
      pathogenesis of heat stroke. If so, then the use of anti-LPS antibodies may be
      expected to be beneficial.

PMID- 3689273
TI  - Increase in blood-brain barrier permeability by altitude decompression.
AB  - Previous studies indicated that exposure to compression-decompression increases
      blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability to vital dyes and antibiotics. This report
      concerns functional and ultrastructural BBB changes induced by altitude
      decompression. A 2% trypan blue solution was intravenously injected (4 ml.kg-1)
      into 29 experimental and 19 control rabbits. Some animals also received
      horseradish peroxidase. The experimental animals were subjected to 30,000 ft (4.3
      psi) for 45 min. Controls were kept at ground level. The animals were sacrificed
      90 min postinjection. Gross and microscopic examination and spectrophotometric
      dye determination revealed significantly greater tracer penetration in
      experimental brains (mean dye concentration 27.06 +/- 4.42 micrograms.g-1) than
      in controls (4.52 +/- 1.52 micrograms.g-1). No sex differences were noted.
      Electron microscopy suggested that the increased BBB permeability was due to
      transendothelial vesicular transport and, occasionally, to penetration through
      interendothelial junctions. These observations may have relevance to
      pharmacotherapy in space and at high altitudes and to the pathogenesis of
      altitude decompression sickness.

PMID- 3689272
TI  - The effect of head and neck suction on G tolerance.
AB  - A device was constructed which allowed subatomospheric pressures of up to -50 mm
      Hg to be applied to the neck, or to the head plus neck, of volunteer subjects
      riding on the USAFSAM centrifuge. Breathing pressures were always atmospheric.
      The G tolerance was measured during gradual (0.1 G.s-1) and rapid onset (1.0 G.s
      1) runs and heart rate was monitored. Neck suction decreased tolerance to an
      extent explicable by carotid sinus activation (about -0.8 G at -50 mm Hg), while
      combined head and neck suction of -25 mm Hg increased tolerance to an extent
      greater than predicted from pressure effects on the eye and carotid sinus. Neck
      suction of -50 mm Hg induced less bradycardia when applied at +3 Gz than under 1
      G conditions. These results were discussed in relation to intraocular tension,
      baroreceptor responsiveness, and jugular venous siphon effect.

PMID- 3689274
TI  - Chromatic adaptation in the underwater environment.
AB  - The effects of human visual chromatic adaptation underwater are usually reported
      in subjective terms. The present study aimed to generate data that could be
      discussed within the internationally recognized CIE color metric. Adaptation was
      assessed in two underwater environments (blue and green backgrounds). Divers were
      required to color match stimuli using either a Burnham-type colorimeter or the
      Munsell Limit Color Cascade. Comparisons of the chromaticity coordinates of
      matches made in air and underwater with those defined by color and luminance
      meters revealed an increased sensitivity to wavelengths approximately
      complementary to those of the background. Laboratory simulations of the
      underwater environments broadly replicated the field results. The data allow
      comparisons with complex mathematical models of chromatic adaptation that have
      been derived from orthodox experiments. The data might be helpful in quantifying
      the limits of human visual performance underwater.

PMID- 3689275
TI  - Color-specific effects of intense laser exposure on visual evoked potentials in
      rhesus monkeys.
AB  - Color-specific visual impairments following exposure to intense laser flashes
      were investigated using visual evoked potentials (VEPs) recorded from four
      anesthetized rhesus monkeys. Steady-state VEPs were recorded from the primary
      visual cortex in response to counterphasing high-contrast sine-wave gratings
      composed of either luminance contrast (red-black, green-black, and blue-black) or
      chromatic contrast (red-green). The effects of laser flashes in the red (647 nm),
      green (514 nm), and blue (476 nm) regions of the visible spectrum were assessed.
      Only slight wavelength-specific effects were demonstrated, primarily for the red
      black grating relative to the other two luminance gratings. Recovery functions
      for VEPs to the red-green chromatic grating were similar to those of the three
      luminance gratings. The results are discussed in terms of nonopponent (luminance)
      and opponent (chromatic) processing.

PMID- 3689276
TI  - Thrombosis at mountain altitudes.
AB  - Victims of high-altitude pulmonary edema often have clots obstructing the
      pulmonary vessels. This, together with an apparent high incidence of
      thrombophlebitis and cerebral emboli at altitude suggests that mountain travel
      may predispose to hypercoagulability. A critical analysis of the available data
      suggests that, although thrombosis may be a late event complicating various forms
      of mountain sickness, the laboratory techniques of characterizing
      hypercoagulability are not sufficient to define and characterize the mechanism.

PMID- 3689277
TI  - Contact lens wear at altitude: subcontact lens bubble formation.
AB  - A concern in the past regarding contact lens wear in aviation has been the fear
      of subcontact lens bubble formation. Previous reports have documented the
      occurrence of bubbles with hard (PMMA) lenses. Reported here are the results of
      contact lens bubble studies with soft hydrophilic and rigid gas-permeable lenses.
      Testing was accomplished in hypobaric chambers and onboard USAF transport
      aircraft. Hypobaric chamber flights were of three types: high-altitude flights up
      to 7,620 m (25,000 ft); explosive rapid decompressions from 2,438.4 m (8,000 ft)
      to 7,620 m (25,000 ft); and 4-h flights at 3,048 m (10,000 ft). Flights aboard
      transport aircraft typically had cabin pressures equivalent to 1,524-2,438.4 m
      (5,000-8,000 ft), and ranged in duration from 3 to 10 h. For subjects wearing
      rigid gas-permeable lenses, central bubbles were detected in 2 of 10 eyes and
      occurred at altitudes greater than 6,096 m (20,000 ft). With soft contact lenses,
      bubble formation was detected in approximately 24% (22 of 92 eyes) of the eyes
      tested, sometimes occurring at altitudes as low as 1,828.8 m (6,000 ft). Soft
      lens bubbles were always located at the limbus and were without sequela to vision
      or corneal epithelial integrity. Bubbles under the rigid lenses were primarily
      central, with potential adverse effects on vision and the corneal epithelium.

PMID- 3689278
TI  - The assessment of nonroutine situations by pilots: a two-part process.
AB  - A pilot encountering a nonroutine event must make a decision based on what may
      often result from a two-part process. The first is the diagnosis of the nature of
      the nonroutine event (Assessment A), followed by a determination of the potential
      consequences of that event (Assessment B). Analyses of aircraft accidents and
      incidents show that overestimation or underestimation in Assessment B can be a
      serious determinant of pilot misjudgment, even though Assessment A was entirely
      accurate.

PMID- 3689279
TI  - An improved comprehensive medical kit for passenger aircraft.
AB  - For the past 20 years, El Al has been carrying drugs and equipment for use by
      physicians on board the aircraft for medical emergencies. In addition, first aid
      equipment including a resuscitator (respirator)--to be used by the trained cabin
      attendants--and over-the-counter medications in a Hostess Purse are also carried.
      We have recently adopted a standard medical kit (MK) which contains primarily
      drugs considered essential to emergency cardiac care. However, its contents were
      extended, based on our experience in the airline and the recommendations of the
      Air Transport Medicine Committee of the Aerospace Medical Association. This would
      enable a competent physician on board to reasonably manage most medical
      emergencies until landing at the scheduled destination or at the nearest safe
      airport where better diagnostic means and treatment may be available. Equipment
      and drugs are designed to handle most acute allergic, cardiac, respiratory,
      gastrointestinal, renal, nervous, and psychiatric emergencies. Also included in
      the MK is a table of the drugs, their trade name, generic name, action,
      indications, contraindications, administration, and dosage. A check-off list of
      the drugs and equipment used by the physician, as well as space for provisional
      diagnosis and disposition, is provided.

PMID- 3689280
TI  - An automated portable night vision testing system.
AB  - This report describes a new testing system designed to assess night vision
      parameters of the military population in the field, and to quantify the effects
      of various environmental stress factors, such as extended exposure to high
      altitude, on the dark adaptation process. The instrument is based on an
      established procedure for dark adaptation measurement in which the subject
      continuously adjusts the threshold luminance of a recurrently flashing stimulus.
      The device described here represents a modernized version of the original
      technique, which features an automated testing procedure and provides for
      computerized data translation of the dark adaptation function. It also offers the
      advantages of rugged construction and field portability not available in clinical
      style instruments.

PMID- 3689281
TI  - Mechanisms of selective attention and space motion sickness.
AB  - The neural mismatch theory of space motion sickness asserts that the central and
      peripheral autonomic sequelae of discordant sensory input arise from central
      integrative processes falling to reconcile patterns of incoming sensory
      information with existing memory. Stated differently, perceived novelty reaches a
      stress level as integrative mechanisms fail to return a sense of control to the
      individual in the new environment. Based on evidence summarized here, the
      severity of the neural mismatch may be dependent upon the relative amount of
      attention selectively afforded to each sensory input competing for control of
      behavior. Components of the limbic system may play important roles in match
      mismatch operations, be therapeutically modulated by antimotion sickness drugs,
      and be optimally positioned to control autonomic output.

PMID- 3689282
TI  - Accelerated development of cardiac sympathetic responses in spontaneously
      hypertensive (SHR) rats.
AB  - The functional development of cardiac and adrenal medullary responses to reflex
      activation of the sympathetic nervous system was studied in preweanling
      spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) normotensive rats. Pups
      of the two strains received injections of insulin or saline at 2, 4, 8, 12, or 16
      days of age and were sacrificed 3 h later. Insulin administration produces a
      significant decrease in circulating levels of glucose which in turn results in a
      centrally mediated increase in sympathetic outflow. The induction of ornithine
      decarboxylase (ODC) in heart and the depletion of epinephrine from the adrenal
      medulla served as tissue markers of functional sympathetic neurotransmission. WKY
      and SHR pups had comparable levels of ODC activity in heart under basal
      conditions. In contrast, levels of catecholamines in the adrenals were greater in
      SHR pups at 2 and 4 days of age. Following insulin administration, SHR pups
      exhibited a greater induction of cardiac ODC activity at 2, 4, and 8 days of age
      compared to age-matched WKY controls. However, there were no differences between
      SHR and WKY pups in the magnitude of the adrenal medullary response to insulin
      induced hypoglycemia. These alterations in sympathetic-target tissue development
      during the first postnatal week of life may contribute in part to the higher
      arterial pressures maintained by SHRs throughout the lifespan.

PMID- 3689283
TI  - Suprachiasmatic injection of a vasopressin antagonist modifies the circadian
      rhythm of food intake.
AB  - To study the effect on the circadian feeding rhythm, injections of AVP and its
      antagonist were made into the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of rats after
      implanting cannulae into the bilateral SCN. Injections of arginine vasopressin
      (AVP) antagonist at the beginning of the light and dark phases disrupted the
      circadian rhythm of food intake while injections of AVP during the beginning of
      the light or dark phase did not disrupt the circadian rhythm. It may be concluded
      that endogenous vasopressin has a modulatory role in the mediation of the
      circadian feeding rhythm at SCN.

PMID- 3689284
TI  - Hormonal state affects recovery from frontal cortex lesions in adult female rats.
AB  - Pseudopregnant and normal cycling female Sprague-Dawley rats were trained on a
      delayed-spatial alternation task. After acquisition training, the subjects
      received frontal cortex lesions and were subsequently tested for retention. The
      pseudopregnant animals with lesions were less impaired than their normal cycling
      counterparts. Learning and retention testing were not affected by hormonal status
      in the noninjured controls. Histological examination showed that the normal
      cycling rats with frontal cortex lesions possessed enlarged ventricles,
      indicating the presence of edema in this surgical group. However, brain tissue of
      pseudopregnant subjects given the same lesion and sham operates of both hormonal
      states did not display this characteristic of edema. We speculate that the
      behavioral and anatomical impairment observed in the normal cycling females with
      brain injury is due to higher levels of vasopressin, a potent vasoconstrictor
      synchronized with brain injury in our manipulation.

PMID- 3689287
TI  - Organization of rhythmic buccal motor output of Lymnaea stagnalis in the absence
      of food.
AB  - The pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis exhibits spontaneous rasping movements in the
      absence of food which are thought to be involved in food searching activity.
      Rasping activity is patterned into bouts, separated by periods of quiescence.
      Recordings from buccal feeding motoneurons in the isolated CNS reveal similar
      bouts of rhythmic motor output, though the modal cycle period is significantly
      longer than that shown by intact snails. Log survivorship curves of interval data
      from both intact animals and isolated CNS indicate that the pattern of motor
      output is controlled by at least two processes, one generating intervals between
      rasps within a bout, and the other generating intervals between bouts of rasping.
      When compared to well-fed individuals, 2-day-starved snails show significant
      enhancement of the probability function for generation of intervals between rasps
      within a bout; the function underlying between-bout intervals is not
      significantly affected.

PMID- 3689285
TI  - Contrasting effects of social stress and foot-shock on acute cardiovascular
      response in salt-sensitive rats.
AB  - Repeated defeat by an aggressive resident attacker rat produces a large decrement
      in systolic blood pressure (SBP) in male S/JR rats. The present experiments
      compared the cardiovascular (CV) response of male S/JR rats exposed either to
      repeated defeat, or to a common laboratory stressor, electric foot-shock. Using
      the tail-cuff method of determining SBP, the results of Experiment 1 replicated
      the previous finding that on the second and subsequent exposures, repeated defeat
      is followed by an acute decrement in SBP (30-40 mm Hg in magnitude). In contrast,
      repeated exposures to foot-shock were followed by acute increases in SBP (20-40
      mm Hg) and in heart rate (HR). In Experiment 2, mean arterial blood pressure
      (MAP) and HR were measured directly from chronically cannulated male S/JR rats
      after defeat or exposure to foot-shock: again, defeated males exhibited an acute
      decrease in MAP, whereas the MAP of rats exposed to foot-shock tended to
      increase. In Experiment 3 we varied the parameters of shock intensity and the
      social context of shock exposure. Male S/JR rats exposed to more intense foot
      shock than in the previous experiments or to foot-shock while paired with one of
      the resident attacker rats all exhibited acute increases in SBP. The results of
      these experiments indicate that CV response to defeat may be qualitatively
      different from CV response to foot-shock.

PMID- 3689286
TI  - Motor control of the appetitive phase of feeding behavior in Aplysia.
AB  - The appetitive phase of feeding behavior, in the gastropod, Aplysia, consists of
      head lifting, head waving, orientation of the head to food, and locomotion. We
      have initiated studies of the neural control of head waving using three methods:
      (i) anatomical description of the nerves innervating muscles that are involved in
      head movement, (ii) electrical stimulation of nerves in a semi-intact
      preparation, and (iii) recording from nerves in free-moving animals. The muscles
      controlling head movements, located in the dorsal and lateral neck region, are
      innervated primarily by pleural nerve 1 and pedal nerves 2, 3, and 5. Electrical
      stimulation of these nerves caused both longitudinal and lateral contractions of
      the neck muscles, the largest contractions being in the area where the nerve
      first enters the muscle. Extracellular recordings from pleural nerve 1 and pedal
      nerves, in free-moving animals, showed an increase in extracellular activity
      during head lifting, at the onset of appetitive feeding behavior. Directionally
      specific inhibition and excitation in neural activity occurred in pleural nerve 1
      and pedal nerve 5 during leftward and rightward movements of the head (head
      waving). Cobalt and nickel backfills of pleural nerve 1 and pedal nerve 5
      revealed cell bodies in the cerebral, pedal, and pleural ganglia. The neurons are
      therefore putative motor neurons for the neck muscles involved in appetitive
      behavior. This evidence suggests that appetitive control of feeding may involve
      the coordinated activity of several different ganglia.

PMID- 3689288
TI  - Conditioned activity and the interaction of amphetamine experience with
      morphine's activity effects.
AB  - This experiment assessed the transfer effect of Pavlovian conditioning with d
      amphetamine sulfate (1 mg/kg) on morphine's activity effects. Prior experience
      with amphetamine resulted in higher levels of activity when challenged with
      morphine (10 and 20 mg/kg). This interactive effect of amphetamine, however, was
      present only in those animals who had experienced amphetamine paired with the
      activity test situation. Animals who had received equivalent doses of amphetamine
      unpaired with the testing environment did not differ from drug-naive control
      animals. Analysis of predrug activity levels revealed a conditioned activity
      response in paired animals compared to the controls. These findings suggest that
      the response interaction between drug conditioned responses and drug
      unconditioned responses is an important determinant of cross-drug effects between
      drugs of different pharmacological classes.

PMID- 3689289
TI  - Mecamylamine prevents the enhancement of retention induced by lysine vasopressin
      in mice.
AB  - Lysine vasopressin (0.03 microgram/kg, sc) enhanced retention of a one-trial,
      step-through inhibitory avoidance task when injected into male Swiss mice
      immediately post-training, as indicated by retention performance 48 h later. A
      low dose of the vasopressin antagonist, AAVP (0.01 microgram/kg, sc), did not
      significantly affect retention, whereas a higher dose (0.03 microgram/kg, sc)
      impaired retention. Neither lysine vasopressin nor AAVP modified latencies to
      step-through of mice that had not received a footshock during training. The
      simultaneous injection of AAVP (0.01 microgram/kg, sc) prevented the enhancement
      of retention induced by lysine vasopressin. The influence of lysine vasopressin
      on retention was antagonized by the simultaneous administration of mecamylamine
      (5 mg/kg, sc) but not by hexamethonium (5 mg/kg, sc), atropine (0.5 mg/kg, sc),
      or methylatropine (0.5 mg/kg, sc). A modulatory role of vasopressin on the
      activity of central cholinergic nicotinic mechanisms which participate in memory
      formation is suggested.

PMID- 3689290
TI  - Cognitive behavioral treatment of agoraphobia.

PMID- 3689292
TI  - Self-efficacious control over reported physiological, cognitive and behavioural
      symptoms of dental anxiety.

PMID- 3689291
TI  - Effects of (non-)contingency in a learned helplessness experiment: a re-analysis
      based on mood changes.

PMID- 3689293
TI  - Second-order conditioning and overshadowing in the observational conditioning of
      fear in monkeys.

PMID- 3689294
TI  - The effects of behavioural treatment on chronic pain.

PMID- 3689295
TI  - Distinguishing between organogenic and psychogenic erectile dysfunction.

PMID- 3689296
TI  - The Attributional Style Questionnaire is not transparent.

PMID- 3689297
TI  - Panic: the links between cognitions and bodily symptoms--I.

PMID- 3689298
TI  - The role of perceived self-efficacy in recovery from bulimia: a preliminary
      examination.

PMID- 3689299
TI  - On evolutionary systems.
AB  - This paper develops a metatheoretical framework for understanding evolutionary
      systems (systems that develop in ways that increase their own variety). The
      framework addresses shortcomings seen in other popular systems theories. It
      concerns both living and nonliving systems, and proposes a metahierarchy of
      hierarchical systems. Thus, it potentially addresses systems at all descriptive
      levels. We restrict our definition of system to that of a core system whose parts
      have a different ontological status than the system, and characterize the core
      system in terms of five global properties: minimal length interval, minimal time
      interval, system cycle, total receptive capacity, and system potential. We
      propose two principles through the interaction of which evolutionary systems
      develop. The Principle of Combinatorial Expansion describes how a core system
      realizes its developmental potential through a process of progressive
      differentiation of the single primal state up to a limit stage. The Principle of
      Generative Condensation describes how the components of the last stage of
      combinatorial expansion condense and become the environment for and components of
      new, enriched systems. The early evolution of the Universe after the "big bang"
      is discussed in light of these ideas as an example of the application of the
      framework.

PMID- 3689300
TI  - Chaos and transformation: implications of nonequilibrium theory for social
      science and society.
AB  - This article deals with all levels of both living (biological, psychological,
      sociological, and cultural) and nonliving (physical, chemical, and mathematical)
      systems. The idea of applying the natural scientific self-organizing,
      evolutionary, and non-equilibrium or "chaos" theory associated with the names of
      Prigogine and others to world problems of impending social, political, economic,
      and ecological "chaos" is gaining ground. The leap from natural science to social
      action, however, is impossible without considerable attention to the main
      intervening step: the development of "chaos"-equivalent, evolution-, systems-,
      and action-oriented social theory. Construction of such theory requires
      understanding by social scientists of natural scientific "chaos" theory as well
      as their own "chaos" theoretical heritage, of natural scientists of the now
      seemingly far distant social problem-solving potential of their nonequilibrium
      and self-organizing theories, and of both natural and social scientists of how
      advancement at both levels could help gain a peaceful as well as humanistic
      "order out of chaos" in this troubled world of ours. This paper surveys relevant
      concepts, problems, theorists, research, and works in progress within a
      perspective of the challenge of survival at a critical juncture in the evolution
      of our species.

PMID- 3689301
TI  - [Organ-specific in vivo dipeptide (alanylglutamine, glycylglutamine) values in
      catabolic dogs].

PMID- 3689302
TI  - Metabolism of glycylleucine and its constituent amino acids by liver, muscle,
      kidney and gut in conscious dogs.
AB  - The role of liver, muscle, kidney and gut in the assimilation of intravenously
      administered glycylleucine was investigated in 8 mongrel dogs. The rates of
      disappearance of glycylleucine during its passage across liver, muscle, kidney
      and gut were 1487 +/- 80, 740 +/- 216, 1436 +/- 115, and 602 +/- 103 mumol/(min x
      kg B.W.), respectively. The infusion of glycylleucine greatly altered the fluxes
      of glycine and leucine across these organs. The major alterations included
      increases in the uptake of glycine by the liver and that of leucine by the
      muscle, and increases in release of leucine by liver and kidney. We conclude that
      all organs are involved in the assimilation of intravenously administered
      glycylleucine, but with varying importance. Although liver and kidney appear to
      be the dominant organs for the assimilation of glycylleucine, the metabolism of
      glycine is chiefly accomplished in the liver, and that of leucine is chiefly
      accomplished in the muscle.

PMID- 3689303
TI  - [Changes in amino acid absorption after gastrointestinal surgery].

PMID- 3689304
TI  - [Morphologic changes in joint cartilage following experimental induction of a non
      physiologic pH milieu].

PMID- 3689305
TI  - [Do cystic lumbosacral root sheath enlargements cause neurologic symptoms?].

PMID- 3689306
TI  - [Muscular hip abduction contractures in older children. Causes and treatment].

PMID- 3689308
TI  - [Results of treatment of Achilles tendon rupture].

PMID- 3689307
TI  - [Plica syndrome--pathomorphology and diagnosis].

PMID- 3689309
TI  - [A case of luxatio humeri axillaris erecta].

PMID- 3689310
TI  - Purification of adenylosuccinate lyase from rat skeletal muscle by a novel
      affinity column. Stabilization of the enzyme, and effects of anions and fluoro
      analogues of the substrate.
AB  - Adenylosuccinate lyase from rat skeletal muscle was purified to apparent
      homogeneity by a combination of ion-exchange chromatography and affinity
      chromatography on agarose containing covalently bound adenylophosphonopropionate.
      The purified enzyme is stable when stored in 20% glycerol at -70 degrees C, and
      can be thawed and re-frozen with minimal loss of activity. Adenylosuccinate lyase
      has a specific activity of 11 mumol/min per mg of protein at 25 degrees C. Its
      subunit Mr is 52,000, by SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, and its apparent
      native Mr is approx. 200,000, by gel filtration. The purified enzyme has Km
      values for adenylosuccinate and 4-(N-succino)-5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide
      ribonucleotide (SAICAR) of 1.5 microM and approximately 1 microM respectively, in
      Hepes/KOH buffer, pH 7.4. Several monoanions and dianions activate the enzyme at
      low concentration; several of these inhibit the enzyme at high concentrations.
      Fluoro analogues of adenylosuccinate and SAICAR were synthesized by using highly
      purified adenylosuccinate synthase and SAICAR synthase respectively, and erythro
      beta-fluoroaspartate in place of aspartate. Both analogues are competitive
      inhibitors of adenylosuccinate lyase in both of the reactions catalysed by the
      enzyme, with Ki values well below the Km values for the two substrates.

PMID- 3689312
TI  - Biochemistry of the autolytic processes in Antarctic krill post mortem.
      Autoproteolysis.
AB  - 1. Autoproteolysis post mortem was examined at 0 degree C by following the
      changes in the major classes of krill (Euphausia superba and Euphausia
      crystallorophias) proteins and by liberation of peptides and free amino acids,
      and was based on experiments conducted on board expedition vessels in the
      Antarctic. 2. Primarily salt-soluble proteins were broken down during the first
      week of incubation, whereas water-soluble and insoluble proteins were degraded to
      a much smaller extent. The enzymes responsible for the hydrolysis presumably
      originate primarily from the digestive apparatus of the krill. 3. In general, the
      individual amino acids were released at rates corresponding to their relative
      occurrence in the bulk protein of the krill. Alanine was liberated in larger
      amounts than would be expected from the composition of the krill protein, and was
      evidently formed also by reactions other than proteolysis. Glutamic acid, and
      certain amino acids which presumably occur with high frequency adjacent to
      glumatic acid residues in the krill protein, were liberated only to a limited
      extent, and accumulated in smaller peptides. 4. During proteolysis, arginine
      seemed to be converted to some degree into ornithine, and on prolonged incubation
      conversion of arginine and lysine into their corresponding decarboxylation
      products, agmatine and cadaverine, appeared to take place.

PMID- 3689311
TI  - Pathways for Ca2+ efflux in heart and liver mitochondria.
AB  - 1. Two processes of Ruthenium Red-insensitive Ca2+ efflux exist in liver and in
      heart mitochondria: one Na+-independent, and another Na+-dependent. The processes
      attain maximal rates of 1.4 and 3.0 nmol of Ca2+.min-1.mg-1 for the Na+-dependent
      and 1.2 and 2.0 nmol of Ca2+.min-1.mg-1 for the Na+-independent, in liver and
      heart mitochondria, respectively. 2. The Na+-dependent pathway is inhibited, both
      in heart and in liver mitochondria, by the Ca2+ antagonist diltiazem with a Ki of
      4 microM. The Na+-independent pathway is inhibited by diltiazem with a Ki of 250
      microM in liver mitochondria, while it behaves as almost insensitive to diltiazem
      in heart mitochondria. 3. Stretching of the mitochondrial inner membrane in hypo
      osmotic media results in activation of the Na+-independent pathway both in liver
      and in heart mitochondria. 4. Both in heart and liver mitochondria the Na+
      independent pathway is insensitive to variations of medium pH around
      physiological values, while the Na+-dependent pathway is markedly stimulated
      parallel with acidification of the medium. The pH-activated, Na+-dependent
      pathway maintains the diltiazem sensitivity. 5. In heart mitochondria, the Na+
      dependent pathway is non-competitively inhibited by Mg2+ with a Ki of 0.27 mM,
      while the Na+-independent pathway is less affected; similarly, in liver
      mitochondria Mg2+ inhibits the Na+-dependent pathway more than it does the Na+
      independent pathway. In the presence of physiological concentrations of Na+, Ca2+
      and Mg2+, the Na+-independent and the Na+-dependent pathways operate at rates,
      respectively, of 0.5 and 1.0 nmol of Ca2+.min-1.mg-1 in heart mitochondria and
      0.9 and 0.2 nmol of Ca2+.min-1.mg-1 in liver mitochondria. It is concluded that
      both heart and liver mitochondria possess two independent pathways for Ca2+
      efflux operating at comparable rates.

PMID- 3689313
TI  - Asymmetric reassociation of calf spleen NAD+ glycohydrolase into liposomes.
AB  - NAD+ glycohydrolase (NAD+ nucleosidase, EC 3.2.2.6) can be solubilized from calf
      spleen microsomes (microsomal fractions) by steapsin or by detergents to yield
      respectively a hydrophilic (i.e. water-soluble) and a hydrophobic form of the
      enzyme. The detergent-solubilized enzyme was successfully reassociated into
      phosphatidylcholine liposomes either by a cholate-dialysis or by a gel-filtration
      procedure. In both cases the incorporation of NAD+ glycohydrolase was found to be
      completely asymmetric, i.e. the active site of the enzyme was exposed only at the
      outer surface of the vesicles. By contrast, as judged by flotation experiments,
      the hydrophilic form of NAD+ glycohydrolase could not be reassociated into
      liposomes. These results are in agreement with the hypothesis that calf spleen
      NAD+ glycohydrolase is an amphipathic protein. When incorporated into large
      unilamellar vesicles composed of phosphatidylcholine, NAD+ glycohydrolase was not
      found to catalyse vectorial transfer of NAD+ by transglycosidation with
      nicotinamide as acceptor.

PMID- 3689314
TI  - Human liver N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulphate sulphatase. Purification and
      characterization.
AB  - Human N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulphate sulphatase was purified at least 50,000-fold
      to homogeneity in 78% yield from liver with a simple three-step four-column
      procedure, which consists of a concanavalin A-Sepharose/Blue A-agarose coupled
      step, chromatofocusing and Cu2+-chelating Sepharose chromatography. In all, four
      forms were isolated and partially characterized. Forms A and B, both with a pI
      greater than 9.5 and representing 30% and 60% respectively of the recovered
      enzyme activity, were separated by hydroxyapatite chromatography of the enzyme
      preparation obtained from the Cu2+-chelating Sepharose step. Both forms A and B
      had native molecular masses of 75 kDa. When analysed by SDS/polyacrylamide-gel
      electrophoresis, form A consists of a single polypeptide of molecular mass 78
      kDa, whereas form B contained 48 kDa and 32 kDa polypeptide subunits. Neither
      form A nor form B was taken up from the culture medium into cultured human skin
      fibroblasts. The two other forms (C and D), with pI values of 5.8 and 5.4
      respectively, represented approx. 7% and 3% of the total recovered enzyme
      activity. The native molecular masses of forms C and D were 94 kDa and approx. 75
      kDa respectively. Form C contained three polypeptides with molecular masses of
      48, 45 and 32 kDa. N-Acetylglucosamine-6-sulphate sulphatase activity was
      measured with a radiolabelled disaccharide substrate derived from heparin. The
      development of this substrate enabled the isolation and characterization of N
      acetylglucosamine-6-sulphate sulphatase to proceed efficiently. Forms A, B and C
      had pH optima of 5.0, Km values of 11.7, 14.2 and 11.1 microM respectively and
      Vmax. values of 105, 60 and 53 nmol/min per mg of protein respectively. The
      molecular basis of the multiple forms of this sulphatase is not known. It is
      postulated that the differences in structure and properties of the four enzyme
      forms are due to differences in the state of processing of a large subunit.

PMID- 3689315
TI  - Human liver N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulphate sulphatase. Catalytic properties.
AB  - Kinetic parameters (Km and kcat.) of the two major forms (A and B) and a minor
      form (C) of human liver N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulphate sulphatase [Freeman,
      Clements & Hopwood (1987) Biochem. J. 246, 347-354] were determined with a
      variety of substrates matching structural aspects of the physiological substrates
      in vivo, namely heparin, heparan sulphate and keratan sulphate. Enzyme activity
      is highly specific towards glucosamine 6-sulphate or glucose 6-sulphate residues.
      More structurally complex substrates, in which several aspects of the aglycone
      structure of the natural substrate were maintained, are hydrolysed with catalytic
      efficiencies up to 3900 times above that observed for the monosaccharide
      substrate N-acetylglucosamine 6-sulphate. Forms A and B both desulphate
      substrates derived from keratan sulphate and heparin. Aglycone structures that
      influence substrate binding and/or enzyme activity were penultimate-residue 6
      carboxy and 2-sulphate ester groups for heparin-derived substrates and
      penultimate-residue 6-sulphate ester groups for keratan sulphate-derived
      substrates. The 4-hydroxy group of the N-acetylglucosamine 6-sulphate or the 2
      sulphaminoglucosamine 6-sulphate under enzymic attack is involved in the
      catalytic mechanism. The presence of a 2-amino group in place of a 2-acetamido or
      a 2-sulphoamino group considerably decreases the catalytic efficiency of the
      sulphatase, particularly in the absence of a penultimate-aglycone-residue 6
      carboxy group. Both forms A and B are exo-enzymes, since activity towards
      internal sulphate ester bonds was not observed. The effect of incubation pH on
      enzyme activity towards the variety of substrates evaluated was complex and
      dependent on substrate aglycone structure. The presence of aglycone 2-sulphate
      ester, 6-carboxy group and 6-sulphate ester groups on the glucosamine 6-sulphate
      residue under attack considerably affects the pH response. Sulphate and phosphate
      ions are potent inhibitors of enzyme activity.

PMID- 3689316
TI  - Purification and characterization of a protein antigen (p94) from human brain and
      its identification in other species.
AB  - A protein antigen was chromatographically purified from human brain by its
      immunoaffinity to 44E3 monoclonal IgG and its chemical nature was investigated.
      The yield of antigen was estimated at 71%, and a 3160-fold purification was
      achieved relative to the homogenate. The antigen preparation from brain showed a
      very high degree of purity when analysed by SDS/polyacrylamide-gel
      electrophoresis and was composed of a single polypeptide of Mr 94,000. Amino
      sugar and neutral-sugar analyses indicated that the protein was not glycosylated.
      The amino acid composition of the purified protein from brain was compared with
      that of the analogous protein purified from an acute-lymphoblastic-leukaemic cell
      line, HOON. The compositions were very similar, suggesting that the two proteins
      were closely related. Both purified proteins were equivalent in their ability to
      inhibit the reactivity of monoclonal antibodies 44E3 and 44H4 with leukaemic
      cells. These two antibodies appear to recognize spatially related, if not
      identical, epitopes on the same molecule. The antibodies were shown to cross
      react with a polypeptide of Mr 94,000 in homogenates of human, bovine and guinea
      pig brain white matter. Indirect immunoperoxidase staining of human grey- and
      white-matter acetone-fixed tissue sections incubated with either antibody
      indicated that the antigen was present on neuronal and glial cells; the staining
      was seen as clusters in the cytoplasm, starting at the plasma membrane, but
      leaving the nucleus unstained. The concentration of the protein in human brain
      was shown to be similar throughout postnatal development and aging.

PMID- 3689317
TI  - Potential intercellular futile cycling of carbohydrates in diabetes.
AB  - Diabetes was induced by treating rats with alloxan, and was confirmed by blood
      glucose values greater than 250 mg/dl. In perfused livers from both normal and
      diabetic rats, basal rates of O2 uptake were similar (120-130 mumol/h per g). In
      livers from diabetic rats, basal rates of glucose output of 60 mumol/h per g
      declined to around 20 mumol/h per g during 1 h of perfusion. Basal glucose
      production was abolished by pretreatment with an inhibitor of glycogen synthesis,
      galactosamine (1.5 g/kg), injected 3 h before perfusion. The subsequent infusion
      of lactate (2 mM) increased O2 uptake and glucose production about 40-50 mumol/h
      per g in both groups; however, the average maximal increase in glucose output was
      nearly twice as high in livers from normal (33 mumol/h per g) as from diabetic
      (18 mumol/h per g) rats. Rates of lactate uptake were also about 50% lower in
      livers from diabetic than from normal rats, yet rates of ketone-body formation
      were similar. Miniature O2 electrodes placed on periportal and pericentral
      regions of the liver lobule were employed to measure local rates of O2 uptake
      before, during and after infusion of lactate by stopping the flow of perfusate
      through the liver and measuring the decrease in local [O2]. Local rates of
      glucose production were calculated from the extra O2 consumed and the known
      stoichiometry between O2 uptake and glucose production from lactate. In livers
      from normal rats, glucose was synthesized predominantly in periportal regions of
      the liver lobule; however, glucose was produced exclusively in periportal regions
      in livers from diabetic rats. In pericentral regions, O2 uptake increased
      slightly in livers from normal rats, but declined significantly by 10 mumol/h per
      g in livers from diabetic rats. These data are consistent with the hypothesis
      that gluconeogenesis from lactate occurs exclusively in periportal regions of the
      liver lobule in livers from diabetic rats. A portion of this glucose is
      metabolized back to lactate in pericentral areas, leading to increased rates of
      glycolytic ATP production, thereby decreasing the demands for O2. This production
      of glucose from lactate in periportal regions, followed by conversion of glucose
      back into lactate in pericentral areas, raises the possibility of intercellular
      futile cycling, stimulated by diabetes.

PMID- 3689318
TI  - Plasma lipoprotein and apolipoprotein distribution as a function of density in
      the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri).
AB  - I have previously described [Babin (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 4290-4296] the
      apolipoprotein composition of the major classes of trout plasma lipoproteins. The
      present work describes the use of an isopycnic density gradient centrifugation
      procedure and sequential flotation ultracentrifugation to show: (1) the presence
      of intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) in the plasma, between 1.015 and 1.040
      g/ml; (2) the existence of a single type of Mr 240,000 apoB-like in the low
      density lipoproteins (LDL, 1.040 less than p less than 1.085 g/ml); (3) the
      presence of apoA-I-like (Mr 25,000) in the densest LDL; (4) the adequacy of 1.085
      g/ml as a cutoff between the LDL and high density lipoproteins (HDL); (5) the
      accumulation of Mr 55,000 and 76,000 apolipoproteins and apoA-like
      apolipoproteins in the 1.21 g/ml infranatant. The fractionation of trout
      lipoprotein spectrum thus furnishes the distribution of the different lipoprotein
      classes and leads to the description of the constituent apolipoproteins, which
      account for about 36% of circulating plasma proteins in this species.

PMID- 3689320
TI  - Clones of human ribosomal DNA containing the complete 18 S-rRNA and 28 S-rRNA
      genes. Characterization, a detailed map of the human ribosomal transcription unit
      and diversity among clones.
AB  - We have isolated several new clones of human ribosomal DNA. Each clone contains
      part of the external transcribed spacer, a complete 18 S-rRNA gene, the internal
      transcribed spacers, a complete 28 S-rRNA gene and a short downstream flanking
      region. We present a detailed map of the human ribosomal transcription unit with
      the locations of numerous useful restriction sites. In particular, a unique NheI
      site in the 5.8 S-rRNA gene enabled this gene to be mapped with respect to the 18
      S-rRNA and 28 S-rRNA genes. The human 45 S-rRNA coding region is approx. 13,000
      nucleotide residues long, of which the external transcribed spacer comprises
      approx. 3700 nucleotide residues and the first and second internal transcribed
      spacers comprise approx. 1070 and 1200 nucleotide residues respectively. A
      partial survey for sites of variation between clones has revealed a single point
      of variation among 18 S-rRNA gene sequences (a T/C variation at position 140),
      several sites of length variation in the regions of the transcribed spacers
      closely flanking the 18 S-rRNA genes, and some sites of length variation among 28
      S-rRNA genes. Most of these sites of variation are associated with simple
      sequence tracts and are in regions that are known to undergo relatively rapid
      evolutionary divergence. In particular, the sites of variation among 28 S-rRNA
      genes occur in G + C-rich tracts whose lengths vary among vertebrates and that
      can be correlated with extensive hairpin structures previously observed by
      electron microscopy. Each of the clones so far surveyed in detail differs from
      the others in one or more respects.

PMID- 3689319
TI  - Activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase does not respond to
      ubiquinone uptake in cultured cells.
AB  - The cellular content of ubiquinone was increased approx. 10-fold by incubation of
      neuroblastoma cells in medium containing exogenous ubiquinone. Under these
      conditions the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase,
      assayed after preincubation of cell homogenates with or without fluoride, was not
      suppressed. Similar results were obtained with human skin fibroblast cultures to
      which free ubiquinone or low-density lipoprotein-ubiquinone complex had been
      added. Consistent with the lack of suppression of HMG-CoA reductase, the rate of
      incorporation of [1-14C] acetate into ubiquinone was not diminished in cells
      exposed to exogenous ubiquinone. Measurements of [3H]mevalonolactone
      incorporation into cellular ubiquinones indicated that exogenous ubiquinone did
      not affect ubiquinone synthesis at a point in the pathway distal to the formation
      of mevalonate. The results suggest that cultured mammalian cells lack an end
      product 'feedback' mechanism for regulation of HMG-CoA reductase in response to
      ubiquinone uptake.

PMID- 3689322
TI  - Nomenclature of esterases: another proposal.

PMID- 3689321
TI  - Thyroid status and adenosine content of adipose tissue.
AB  - Fat-cells from hypothyroid rats lack the normal lipolytic response to
      catecholamines. We have suggested that this is due to increased sensitivity to
      the inhibitory actions of endogenous adenosine. In this paper we present evidence
      that thyroid hormones increase adipose-tissue adenosine contents and suggest that
      the increased sensitivity to adenosine in hypothyroidism is due to relief from
      desensitization by endogenous adenosine.

PMID- 3689324
TI  - Proteoglycan synthesis in organ cultures from regions of bovine tendon subjected
      to different mechanical forces.
AB  - Synthesis of proteoglycans by morphologically and chemically distinct regions of
      bovine flexor tendon was investigated in explant cultures. Proximal regions of
      the flexor tendon which experience only tensile forces and have low contents of
      proteoglycans initially exhibited relatively low rates of proteoglycan synthesis
      but high rates of collagen synthesis. The predominant proteoglycan produced by
      all proximal explants was of small hydrodynamic size and appeared similar to that
      extracted from proximal tissue. In contrast, explants derived from the distal
      tendon region, which experiences frictional and compressive forces in addition to
      tensile forces, and has a high content of proteoglycans, showed relatively high
      initial rates of proteoglycan synthesis and lower rates of collagen synthesis.
      These distal explants produced primarily large proteoglycans on the first day in
      culture. Turnover of newly synthesized proteoglycans was not detectable in
      proximal tissue, and was low in distal tissue. Loss of unlabelled proteoglycan
      from proximal and distal explants was not detected during the 12 days of culture.
      These observations suggest that the increase in specific types of proteoglycans
      in regions of tendon subjected to frictional and compressive forces is the result
      of elevated synthesis rates in this tissue. Two alterations in proteoglycan
      synthesis occurred during the 12-day culture period. (1) The rate of proteoglycan
      synthesis by all explants increased with time in culture. (2) The proportion of
      small proteoglycans synthesized by distal explants increased from 32% of the
      total proteoglycan produced on day 1, to 80% of that produced on day 12. Explants
      from proximal tendon continued to produce only small proteoglycans throughout the
      12 days in culture. This switch in proteoglycan phenotype, resulting in decreased
      synthesis of large proteoglycans by the distal tissue, may be due to a lack of
      compressive forces on the cultured explants.

PMID- 3689323
TI  - Contribution of polyadenylate sequences to the translational efficiency of globin
      messenger RNAs.
AB  - mRNAs from reticulocyte polysomes were fractionated by chromatography on poly(U)
      Sepharose and thermal elution. The molar ratio of alpha- to beta-globin mRNA was
      found to be 2:1 and 1:1 respectively in short- and long-poly(A) size classes.
      Translational analyses indicated that the globin mRNAs containing long poly(A)
      tracts (with a mean length of about 70 nucleotides) directed protein synthesis
      with higher rates than did mRNA containing short poly(A) tracts (15-35
      nucleotides). Experiments performed with sub-saturating mRNA concentrations
      showed that the digestion with RNAase H induced a decrease in the translational
      capacity of both globin mRNAs and an increase in the alpha- to beta-globin
      synthesis ratio. No correlation was observed between the size of the poly(A) tail
      in mRNA and the optimal K+ requirement for translation.

PMID- 3689325
TI  - Preservation of the activity state of hepatic branched-chain 2-oxo acid
      dehydrogenase during the isolation of mitochondria.
AB  - A comparison was conducted of current methods for estimation of the activity
      states (proportion of enzyme in active, dephosphorylated, form) of hepatic
      branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase. Practically all of the enzyme was active
      in freeze-clamped liver obtained from chow-fed and 48 h-starved rats, regardless
      of the presence of fluoride in the extraction and assay media to inhibit
      phosphatase activity. Likewise, the enzyme was almost completely active in
      mitochondria isolated by a conventional method from livers of chow-fed and
      starved rats. However, when fluoride and 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate were included
      in the mitochondrial isolation medium the activity state was decreased to 73% and
      47% in mitochondria isolated from chow-fed and starved rats respectively.
      Furthermore, branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase became partially inactivated
      upon incubation of isolated mitochondria on ice in fluoride- and/or 4-methyl-2
      oxopentanoate-supplemented media. The rate of inactivation was greater in
      mitochondria prepared from starved than from chow-fed rats, which correlated with
      the lower activity state found in mitochondria of starved rats isolated in the
      fluoride- and 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate-supplemented media. Thus the activity
      state of branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase is underestimated in
      mitochondria isolated in media supplemented with fluoride plus 4-methyl-2
      oxopentanoate.

PMID- 3689326
TI  - Hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase turnover and translation rates in fed,
      starved, streptozotocin-diabetic and diethylhexyl phthalate-treated rats.
AB  - Hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) turnover was studied in control and
      in non-ketotic hyperglycaemic streptozotocin-diabetic rats. The degradation
      constant (kd) and half-life (t1/2) did not appear to be altered by mild diabetes.
      The hepatic CPT (micrograms/g of liver) was not increased by the mild, non
      ketotic, diabetes. However, the total hepatic CPT (micrograms/liver) was 37%
      greater in the diabetic animals, owing to the increased liver weight. This
      resulted from a 40% increase in the synthesis constant (ks). Hepatic CPT activity
      (total detergent-solubilized) and translation rates were measured in fed, starved
      (48 h), non-ketotic diabetic, ketotic diabetic and diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)
      treated rats. CPT activity (m units/mg of mitochondrial protein) was not
      significantly increased with non-ketotic diabetes (44% increase, but non
      significant), but was increased approx. 2-fold with starvation and ketotic
      diabetes, and 3.5-fold with DEHP treatment. CPT expressed as units/liver was
      increased non-significantly (23%) in non-ketotic and starved rats, similar to the
      turnover study, but was significantly increased with ketotic diabetes and with
      DEHP treatment. mRNA-translation activity for CPT was elevated in all states to a
      somewhat greater extent than was activity. It was concluded that protein
      synthesis as a product of increased CPT-mRNA translation activity is a major
      means of long-term regulation.

PMID- 3689327
TI  - The binding of adenosine(5')tetraphospho(5')adenosine to calf thymus histones
      measured by non-equilibrium dialysis.
AB  - Binding of adenosine(5')tetraphospho(5')adenosine (Ap4A) to histones of calf
      thymus was investigated by non-equilibrium dialysis. Histone H1 interacts with
      the dinucleotide via two strong sites and competes with Mg2+ ions. Intrinsic
      dissociation constants were 1.6 +/- 0.1 microM and 11 +/- 1 microM for zero and
      0.4 mm-Mg2+ concentration respectively. Binding of poly(dT) and of other
      nucleotides to histone H1 was measured in an [3H]Ap4A-competition assay. The
      tendency to form complexes among nucleotides was highest for bisnucleoside
      tetraphosphates and decreased in the order poly(dT) greater than or equal to Ap4A
      approximately Gp4G greater than Ap4 much greater than Ap3A approximately Ap5A
      greater than or equal to ATP, GTP and dTTP. The co-ordination complex derived
      from Ap4A and cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum(II) was not reactive. The other
      histones of calf thymus also bound Ap4A with affinities decreasing in the order
      H4 approximately H3 greater than H1 greater than H2b greater than H2a. Ap4A
      stimulated the exchange of histone H1 between nucleosomes, but this effect was
      referred to ionic strength. It did not bind to assembled nucleosomes. Binding of
      Ap4A to histone H1 was decreased by salt (NaCl). At physiological saline
      concentration the value of the dissociation constant is commensurable with the
      value of the Ap4A concentration in the nucleus and thus indicative of complex
      formation in vivo.

PMID- 3689328
TI  - Sequence and expression of the cDNA for MEP (major excreted protein), a
      transformation-regulated secreted cathepsin.
AB  - The major excreted protein (MEP) of malignantly transformed mouse fibroblasts is
      a secreted thiol proteinase. Sequencing of the MEP cDNA shows the coding region
      for the protein to be identical with the sequence for a mouse cysteine proteinase
      isolated from macrophages, but the MEP cDNA is polyadenylated at a different site
      in the 3' non-coding region. Strong homology of MEP with human cathepsin L
      suggests that MEP is the mouse analogue of cathepsin L. Amino acid sequencing of
      the N-terminus of the secreted form of MEP indicates that, during secretion, the
      polypeptide is cleaved between amino acids 17 and 18. We have placed the MEP cDNA
      in a eukaryotic expression vector and demonstrated the production of the 39 kDa
      polypeptide form of mouse MEP in monkey CV-1 cells.

PMID- 3689330
TI  - myo-Inositol phosphorothioates, phosphatase-resistant analogues of myo-inositol
      phosphates. Synthesis of DL-myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate and DL-myo-inositol 1,4
      bisphosphorothioate.
AB  - Syntheses of a metabolite of the second messenger myo-inositol 1,4,5
      trisphosphate, myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate, and an analogue, the 1,4
      bisphosphorothioate, are reported, by using phosphite chemistry on (+/-)-1,2:4,5
      di-isopropylidene-myo-inositol. The synthesis of (+/-)-1,2:4,5-di-isopropylidene
      3,6-bis[di-(2-cyanoethyl)]phosphite provides an intermediate that can be oxidized
      to either the corresponding bisphosphate or bisphosphorothioate. myo-Inositol
      phosphorothioates are proposed as novel analogues of myo-inositol phosphates;
      their resistance to phosphatase-catalysed breakdown is reported.

PMID- 3689329
TI  - Conformational changes induced in lens alpha- and gamma-crystallins by
      modification with glucose 6-phosphate. Implications for cataract.
AB  - There is good evidence that the non-enzymic chemical modification of proteins
      plays a role in the aetiology of cataract and diabetic sequelae. This paper
      presents new evidence that glycosylation of two major lens structural
      crystallins, alpha- and gamma-crystallins, by glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) induces
      conformational changes in the proteins. In addition the surface charge on the
      molecules is altered. These changes would affect protein-protein and protein
      water interactions within the lens and could lead to disruption of the short
      range order of the lens proteins which is essential for lens transparency.
      Conformational changes to lens proteins are known to occur in human cataractous
      lenses but their cause in vivo is not established. Cumulative chemical
      modification of proteins, over a period of decades, is a strong candidate as a
      causal agent.

PMID- 3689331
TI  - Organic aciduria in rats made resistant to hypoglycin toxicity by pretreatment
      with clofibrate.
AB  - 1. The lethal, hypoglycaemic and hypothermic effects of hypoglycin in fasted rats
      are prevented if the rats had been fed on a diet containing clofibrate (0.5%
      w/w). 2. Injection of hypoglycin into fasted rats maintained on a standard diet
      caused severe prostration, hypothermia and a massive dicarboxylic aciduria
      [Tanaka (1972) J. Biol. Chem. 247, 7465-7478]. 3. Rats maintained on a diet
      containing clofibrate appeared normal after injection of hypoglycin, but had a
      marked dicarboxylic aciduria which was less than that induced in rats on a normal
      diet. 4. After administration of hypoglycin, butyryl-CoA and decanoyl-CoA, but
      not palmitoyl-CoA, dehydrogenase activities were strongly inhibited (80-95%) in
      the livers of animals on a standard diet. 5. Clofibrate feeding decreased the
      inhibition of these dehydrogenases to about 40-60%. 6. It was concluded that
      although clofibrate protects against the toxic effects of hypoglycin, some enzyme
      inhibitions as indicated by dicarboxylic aciduria are only partly prevented.

PMID- 3689332
TI  - The trans-stilbene oxide-active glutathione transferase in human mononuclear
      leucocytes is identical with the hepatic glutathione transferase mu.
AB  - A glutathione transferase from human mononuclear leucocytes with high activity
      towards trans-stilbene oxide (GT-tSBO) was purified. GT-tSBO is expressed in only
      about 50% of the individuals studied. As judged from activity measurements,
      immunological studies and the fact that only those individuals who express
      glutathione transferase mu have high activity towards trans-stilbene oxide, it is
      concluded that the hepatic transferase mu is identical with the glutathione
      transferase (GT-tSBO) in mononuclear leucocytes.

PMID- 3689333
TI  - Haem disorder in two myoglobins: comparison of reorientation rate.
AB  - The globins from sperm whale and from Aplysia limacina myoglobins were
      reconstituted by addition of stoichiometric ferric protohaem and the Soret c.d.
      was followed as a function of time. For both reconstituted proteins, the Soret
      c.d. changes with time, reflecting haem reorientation inside its pocket, as
      previously described [Aojula, Wilson & Drake (1986) Biochem. J. 237, 613-616] for
      sperm whale myoglobin. The time course of the c.d. transition is found to be
      approx. 10 times faster in Aplysia than in sperm whale myoglobin, a result which
      is in agreement with the known structural and physicochemical properties of the
      two myoglobins; furthermore, these results confirm that c.d. and n.m.r. data on
      haem orientation in haemoproteins reflect the same molecular phenomenon.

PMID- 3689334
TI  - The degradation of platelet-activating factor by high-density lipoprotein in rat
      plasma. Effect of ethynyloestradiol administration.
AB  - The degradation of platelet-activating factor (PAF; 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero
      3-phosphocholine) in human plasma is brought about by a specific acetylhydrolase
      that is associated with low-density lipoprotein. In this study, the presence of a
      similar activity on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) of rat plasma has been
      demonstrated which is independent of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT)
      activity. Furthermore, PAF acetylhydrolase activity may be decreased by 66% by
      treatment of rats with 17 alpha-ethynyloestradiol (1 mg/kg body wt.; 5 days).
      This treatment also decreased HDL cholesterol concentrations by 90%, but did not
      affect LCAT activity. Thus rat LCAT and PAF acetylhydrolase are associated with
      different subspecies of HDL.

PMID- 3689335
TI  - Kinetics of protein modification, and/or enzyme inactivation, reactions by an
      unstable modifying agent.

PMID- 3689336
TI  - Alternative methods for the determination of rate constants describing enzyme
      inactivation by an unstable inhibitor.

PMID- 3689338
TI  - The derivation and interpretation of control coefficients.
AB  - 1. Equations for control coefficients are derived by using a method that
      generates all the control coefficients for a system in a single procedure. This
      requires solving fewer simultaneous equations than an equivalent method based on
      'control theorems'. 2. The interpretation of control coefficients is discussed:
      in particular, it is shown that these functions are unsatisfactory as measures of
      'control' and are perhaps best used as a means of testing control theories
      (models).

PMID- 3689337
TI  - Microinjected glutathione S-transferase Yb subunits translocate to the cell
      nucleus.
AB  - We have previously shown that a 30 kDa DNA-binding protein isolated from rat cell
      nuclei exhibits the chemical and immunological properties of glutathione S
      transferase Yb subunits [Bennett, Spector & Yeoman (1986) J. Cell Biol. 102, 600
      609]. It was of interest, therefore, to determine whether Yb subunits isolated
      from rat liver nuclei would return to nuclear fractions upon reintroduction to
      cell cytoplasms via red-blood-cell-mediated fusion. Labelled Yb subunits were
      associated with nuclear fractions 60 min after cell fusion. The microinjected
      protein remained associated with the nuclei for 18 h and was not extractable with
      low-salt washes. In addition, injected Yb subunits were found to equally
      distribute between extractable (56%) and residual (44%) nuclear fractions. These
      experiments demonstrate that glutathione S-transferase Yb subunits isolated from
      nuclei rapidly translocate to nuclei upon reintroduction into cell cytoplasms.

PMID- 3689339
TI  - Regulation by vitamin E of phosphatidylcholine metabolism in rat heart.
AB  - Lysophosphatidylcholine is the major lysophospholipid in mammalian tissues and
      has been shown to be cytolytic at high concentrations. In the present study we
      demonstrated that the level of lysophosphatidylcholine was significantly
      increased in the heart of rats fed with a vitamin E-deficient diet. Moreover, the
      cardiac lysophosphatidylcholine level was decreased in rats fed with a high
      vitamin E diet. The alterations in cardiac lysophosphatidylcholine level by
      dietary vitamin E were attributed to the changes in the activity of cardiac
      phospholipase A. Dietary vitamin E affected both phospholipase A1 and A2 in the
      same manner, but had no effect on the other major enzymes which are responsible
      for the metabolism of lysophosphatidylcholine. Kinetic studies revealed that the
      inhibition of enzyme activity by vitamin E was essentially non-competitive. The
      accumulation of lysophosphatidylcholine in the rat heart may be one of the
      underlying biochemical causes of the observed cardiac dysfunctions produced
      during vitamin E deficiency.

PMID- 3689340
TI  - A carrier-mediated transport for folate in basolateral membrane vesicles of rat
      small intestine.
AB  - The mechanism of exit of folate from the enterocyte, i.e. transport across the
      basolateral membrane, is not known. In this study we examined, using basolateral
      membrane vesicles, the transport of folic acid across the basolateral membrane of
      rat intestine. Uptake of folic acid by these vesicles represents transport of the
      substrate into the intravesicular compartment and not binding to the membrane
      surface. The rate of folic acid transport was linear for the first 1 min of
      incubation but decreased thereafter, reaching equilibrium after 5 min of
      incubation. The transport of folic acid was: (1) saturable as a function of
      concentration with an apparent Km of 0.6 +/- 0.17 microM and Vmax. of 1.01 +/-
      0.11 pmol/30 s per mg of protein; (2) inhibited in a competitive manner by the
      structural analogues 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and methotrexate (Ki = 2 and 1.4
      microM, respectively); (4) electroneutral; (5) Na+-independent; (6) sensitive to
      the effect of the anion exchange inhibitor 4,4'-di-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'
      disulphonic acid (DIDS). These data indicate the existence of a carrier-mediated
      transport system for folic acid in rat intestinal basolateral membrane and
      demonstrate that the transport process is electroneutral, Na+-independent and
      sensitive to the effect of anion exchange inhibition.

PMID- 3689341
TI  - Lactoperoxidase haem, an iron-porphyrin thiol.
AB  - The haem prosthetic group of lactoperoxidase can be prepared from the enzyme in
      high yield by reductive cleavage with mercaptoethanol in 8 M-urea under mild
      conditions. The product yields porphyrins, after removal of iron, which show
      visible spectroscopic properties similar to protoporphyrin but are considerably
      more polar. In the presence of iodoacetamide, a different product is obtained by
      reductive cleavage. The proton n.m.r. and mass spectra of this compound indicate
      that the prosthetic group of the enzyme is the iron complex of 18-mercaptomethyl
      2,7,12-trimethyl-3,8-divinylporphyrin-13,17-d ipropionic acid. It is proposed
      that the unusual strength of binding of the prosthetic group to the apoprotein is
      due to formation of a disulphide bond from a cysteine residue to the porphyrin
      thiol.

PMID- 3689342
TI  - Arrangement of the disulphide bridges in human low-Mr kininogen.
AB  - The arrangement of the disulphide bridges in human low-Mr kininogen has been
      elucidated. Low-Mr kininogen contains 18 half-cystine residues forming nine
      disulphide bridges. The first and the last half-cystine residues of the amino
      acid sequence form a disulphide loop which spans the heavy- and the light-chain
      portion of the kininogen molecule. The other 16 half-cystine residues are linked
      consecutively to form eight loops of 4-20 amino acids; these loops are lined up
      in the heavy-chain portion of the kininogen molecule. In this way, a particular
      pattern of disulphide loops is formed which seems to be of critical importance
      for the inhibitor function of human kininogen.

PMID- 3689343
TI  - Acute alterations in sodium flux in vitro lead to decreased myofibrillar protein
      breakdown in rat skeletal muscle.
AB  - Myofibrillar protein breakdown was evaluated by measuring the release of N tau
      methylhistidine by isolated rat skeletal muscles or perfused rat muscles in the
      presence of a variety of agents known to affect Na+ flux. Total cell proteolysis
      was evaluated simultaneously by measuring tyrosine release by muscles after the
      inhibition of protein synthesis with cycloheximide. Treatment of muscles with the
      Na+ ionophore monensin or inhibitors of Na+-K+ ATPase (ouabain, digoxin or
      vanadate) decreased N tau-methylhistidine release by muscles by 21-35%. A phorbol
      ester (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) as well as a synthetic diacylglycerol
      known to activate protein kinase C and a Na+/H+ antiport also decreased N tau
      methylhistidine release by muscles. Removal of extracellular Na+ blocked the
      ability of these agents to attenuate N tau-methylhistidine release by muscles,
      suggesting that their effectiveness required a change in Na+ flux. In contrast
      with N tau-methylhistidine release by muscles, these agents, except for monensin,
      did not effect the release of tyrosine, suggesting that they attenuate
      specifically the breakdown of myofibrillar proteins. Overall these results
      indicate a link between Na+ and the regulation of protein breakdown in rat
      skeletal muscle, whereby an influx of Na+ can result in a decrease in
      myofibrillar proteolysis. Left unresolved is whether phospholipid hydrolysis is
      involved in this scheme.

PMID- 3689344
TI  - The sialic acid residue of exogenous GM1 ganglioside is recycled for biosynthesis
      of sialoglycoconjugates in rat liver.
AB  - In order to assess metabolic recycling of sialic acid, GM1 ganglioside
      [nomenclature of Svennerholm (1964) J. Lipid. Res. 5, 145-155; IUPAC-IUB
      Recommendations (1977) Lipids 12, 455-468], 14C-radiolabelled at the acetyl group
      of sialic acid, was intravenously injected into Wistar rats, and the presence of
      radioactive sialic acid in liver sialoglycolipids (gangliosides) and
      sialoglycoproteins was ascertained. A time-course study (20 min-72 h) showed that
      the radioactivity present in the liver distributed in the following fractions,
      with reciprocal proportion varying with time: the protein (glycoprotein)
      fraction, the ganglioside fraction and the diffusible fraction, which contained
      low-Mr compounds, including sialic acid. Ganglioside-linked radioactivity
      gradually decreased with time; protein-linked radioactivity appeared soon after
      injection (20 min), reached a maximum around 20 h, then slowly diminished;
      diffusible radioactivity provided a sharp peak at 4 h, then rapidly decreased
      till disappearing after 40 h. The behaviour of bound radioactivity in the
      individual liver gangliosides was as follows: (a) rapid diminution with time in
      GM1, although with a lower rate at the longer times after injection; (b) early
      appearance (20 min) with a peak at 1 h, followed by continuous diminution, in
      GM2; (c) early appearance (20 min), peak at 1 h, diminution till 4 h, followed by
      a plateau, in GM3; (d) appearance at 60 min, maximum around 40 h and slow
      diminution thereafter, in GD1a, GD1b and GT1b. A detailed study, accomplished at
      40 h after injection, demonstrated that almost all radioactivity present in the
      protein fraction was released by mild acid treatment and recovered in purified
      sialic acid; most of radioactive glycoprotein-bound sialic acid was releasable by
      sialidase action. In addition, the radioactivity present in the different
      gangliosides was exclusively carried by sialic acid and present in both sialidase
      resistant and sialidase-labile residues. Only in the case of GD1a was the
      specific radioactivity of sialidase-resistant sialic acid superior to that of
      sialidase-releasable sialic acid. The results obtained lead to the following
      conclusions: (a) radioactive GM3 and GM2 were produced by degradation of GM1
      taken up; GM3 originated partly by a process of neosynthesis; (b) radioactive GM1
      consisted in part of residual exogenous GM1 and in part of a neosynthetized
      product; (c) radioactive GD1a originated in part by direct sialylation of GM1
      taken up and in part by a neosynthetic process; (d) radioactive GD1b and GT1b
      resulted only from neosynthesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3689346
TI  - The structure of a high-Mr subunit of durum-wheat (Triticum durum) gluten.
AB  - A high-Mr subunit was prepared from durum wheat (Triticum durum). Viscometric
      analysis showed that the molecule is rod-shaped, with molecular dimensions of
      about 50 nm x 1.75 nm (500 A x 17.5 A) in 0.05 M-acetic acid/0.01 M-glycine and
      49 nm x 1.79 nm (490 A x 17.9 A) in aq. 50% (v/v) propan-1-ol (+/- 0.01 M
      glycine) at 30 degrees C. C.d. spectroscopy in the same solvents indicated the
      presence of beta-turns, but little alpha-helix [7% in 50% (v/v) propan-1-ol] and
      no beta-sheet. However, when dissolved in trifluoroethanol the protein contains
      about 30% alpha-helix, and viscometric analysis gives dimensions of about 62 nm x
      1.53 nm (620 A x 15.3 A). It is proposed, on the basis of these studies and
      previously published structural prediction, that the repetitive central domain of
      the high-Mr subunit forms a loose spiral based on repetitive beta-turns, whereas
      the shorter non-repetitive N- and C-terminal domains are alpha-helical in
      trifluoroethanol, but random coil in other solvents. The Mr of the high-Mr
      subunit determined from the intrinsic viscosity in 6.0 M-guanidinium chloride was
      65,000, compared with 84,000 determined in 5.0 M-guanidinium thiocyanate. The
      latter value is consistent with the Mr values for related proteins whose complete
      amino acid sequences are known, and it was concluded that the protein is
      incompletely denatured in the former solvent. This was confirmed by c.d.
      spectroscopy in increasing concentrations (1-6 M) of guanidinium chloride.

PMID- 3689345
TI  - Stimulation of uric acid release from the perfused rat liver by platelet
      activating factor or potassium.
AB  - The stimulation of hepatic glycogenolysis by platelet activating factor (AGEPC)
      or increased perfusate potassium concentration ([K+]o), but not phenylephrine,
      causes a transient increase in uric acid release into the effluent perfusate of
      perfused rat livers. Uric acid was identified in chromatograms of perfusate
      samples using reversed-phase h.p.l.c., which show a peak which co-elutes with
      authentic uric acid, and by the fact that the A293 of perfusate samples decreases
      in the presence of uricase. Uric acid release is dose-dependent with respect to
      both AGEPC and [K+]o, and is blocked completely by prior exposure of the perfused
      liver to 5 mM-allopurinol, a specific inhibitor of xanthine oxidase (XOD).
      Allopurinol inhibits the increase in portal vein pressure induced by AGEPC,
      increased [K+]o or phenylephrine; the inhibitory effect increases with increasing
      concentrations of the agents. Also, allopurinol inhibits the second phase of O2
      uptake and glucose release characteristic of concentrations of AGEPC or increased
      [K+]o equal to or greater than their reported half-maximal concentration for
      glucose release. The ratio of xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) to XOD activity in
      extracts of freeze-clamped perfused livers is not affected by treatment of the
      livers with AGEPC or increased [K+]o. The results suggest that uric acid
      production may be an indicator of ischaemia within localized hepatic sinusoids,
      and that allopurinol partially protects the hepatocyte from the effects of AGEPC
      or increased [K+]o by inhibiting XOD-dependent superoxide production. We propose
      that the second phase of the glycogenolytic response to these agents results from
      ischaemia and subsequent reperfusion. Activation of XOD in vivo and hence O2
      derived free radical production may be involved in the response of the liver to
      vasoactive agonists under a variety of pathophysiological conditions.

PMID- 3689347
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography of type-III heptocarboxylic porphyrinogen
      isomers.
AB  - A reversed-phase h.p.l.c. system is described for the separation of the four type
      III heptacarboxylic porphyrinogen isomers. The effects of buffer concentration,
      pH and type and proportion of organic modifier in the mobile phase on retention
      and resolution of isomers were studied. Optimum separation on an ODS-Hypersil
      column was by elution with a ternary mobile phase of acetonitrile, methanol and 1
      M-ammonium acetate, pH 5.16 (7:3:90, by vol.). Isomer identification was based on
      a comparison of their retention times with those of authentic standards, and was
      further confirmed by h.p.l.c. analysis of the characteristic mixture of three
      pentacarboxylic porphyrins formed after partial decarboxylation of individual
      isomers in 0.3 M-HCl at 160 degrees C.

PMID- 3689348
TI  - Fluorescence-activated sorting of rat hepatocytes based on their mixed function
      oxidase activities towards diethoxyfluorescein.
AB  - The formation of ethoxyfluorescein and fluorescein from diethoxyfluorescein by
      isolated rat hepatocytes has been used as a basis for separating such cells
      dependent on their mixed function oxidase activities by fluorescence-activated
      flow cytometry. Five equal fractions defined by computer-generated regions were
      isolated. Non-viable cells with low fluorescence (region 1) represented 10-15% of
      the population, while the remainder with higher mixed function oxidase activities
      (regions 2-5), were greater than 95% viable by Trypan Blue exclusion. In region
      1, 30% of the viable cells were binucleate, 67% diploid while in region 5, 13%
      were binucleate and 69% tetraploid. At 3 h after sorting, following attachment to
      glass coverslips, exposure of cells to methyl methanesulphonate, retrorsine or
      norethindrone resulted in unscheduled DNA synthesis which was 2-fold higher in
      the tetraploid-rich region 5, while aflatoxin B1, benzo[a]pyrene or 2
      acetylaminofluorene caused a 5-fold increase in unscheduled DNA synthesis in
      these cells, relative to the diploid-rich hepatocytes in region 2.

PMID- 3689349
TI  - A simple procedure for the isolation of protein disulphide-isomerase.
AB  - A two-step procedure is described for the purification of protein disulphide
      isomerase (PDI). This procedure is based on the previous finding that the beta
      subunit of the prolyl 4-hydroxylase tetramer (alpha 2 beta 2) is identical with
      PDI [Koivu, Myllyla, Helaakoski, Pihlajaniemi, Tasanen & Kivirikko (1987) J.
      Biol. Chem. 262, 6447-6449; Pihlajaniemi, Helaakoski, Tasanen, Myllyla, Huhtala,
      Koivu & Kivirikko (1987) EMBO J. 6, 643-649]. The procedure involves purification
      of the prolyl 4-hydroxylase tetramer by a simple affinity chromatography and
      subsequent isolation of the beta-subunit from the dissociated tetramer by ion
      exchange chromatography.

PMID- 3689351
TI  - Non-caeruloplasmin-bound copper ('phenanthroline copper') is not detectable in
      fresh serum or synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 3689350
TI  - Expression of the cDNA encoding for mouse sperm-specific lactate dehydrogenase C
      in Chinese-hamster ovary cells.
AB  - The cloned cDNA encoding for mouse sperm-specific lactate dehydrogenase C (LDH-C)
      was inserted immediately downstream to the MMTV 5' LTR promoter, and it was shown
      to synthesize mouse LDH-C polypeptide in Chinese-hamster ovary cells. The mouse
      LDH-C subunit and the endogenous Chinese-hamster LDH-A subunit formed in vivo a
      heterotetrameric LDH-A3C1 isoenzyme, and this novel isoenzyme exhibited enzymic
      activity utilizing lactate as substrate.

PMID- 3689352
TI  - Methionine metabolism by rat muscle and other tissues. Occurrence of a new
      carnitine intermediate.
AB  - Perfused rat hindquarter preparations were shown to incorporate radioactivity
      from [U-14C]methionine into citrate-cycle intermediates, lactate, alanine,
      glutamate, glutamine and CO2. During perfusion, large amounts of methionine were
      also oxidized to methionine sulphoxide. The capacity for transamination of
      methionine or its oxo analogue, 4-methylthio-2-oxobutyrate, by muscle extracts
      was demonstrated. Rat skeletal muscle, heart, liver and kidney mitochondria, when
      incubated with the latter plus radiolabelled carnitine, formed a newly identified
      carnitine derivative, 3-methylthiopropionylcarnitine. It is concluded that the
      capacity for oxidation of methionine by a trans-sulphuration-independent pathway
      occurs in several mammalian tissues. The extent of inter-organ handling of
      intermediates in this pathway(s) is discussed.

PMID- 3689353
TI  - Interaction of metabolism of aspartate and inosine and energy state of malignant
      cells.
AB  - 1. Oxidation of glutamine in Ehrlich ascites-carcinoma cells results in a large
      accumulation of aspartate. 2. The addition of inosine causes a marked decrease in
      aspartate production from glutamine. This may be related to the resynthesis of
      AMP from aspartate and IMP, the latter being produced from inosine via the
      salvage pathway for purine nucleotides. In accordance with this assumption, a
      significant production of lactate was observed, which comes probably from the
      ribose moiety of inosine. Since lactate is known to inhibit production of
      aspartate from glutamine, this may explain the effect of inosine. 3. Addition of
      glutamine together with inosine increased cellular ATP content. This was not the
      case if glutamine or inosine was present separately or if inosine was added
      together with lactate, pyruvate or glucose. The effect did not occur if amino
      oxyacetate, an inhibitor of transaminases, was added. These findings suggested
      again that production of aspartate is important for resynthesis of ATP from IMP
      via the purine nucleotide cycle. 4. If the cells were exposed to prolonged
      anaerobic incubation, addition of glutamine and inosine markedly increased O2
      uptake and [ATP], suggesting the crucial importance of aspartate production by
      glutamine oxidation for the recovery of energy metabolism in the cells.

PMID- 3689355
TI  - Toxic effects of ozone on murine L929 fibroblasts. Damage to DNA.
AB  - Damage to DNA caused by exposure of L929 fibroblasts to ozone was reflected by
      the generation of strand breaks, DNA inter-strand cross-links and DNA-protein
      cross-links. Addition of propan-2-ol, a hydroxyl radical scavenger, did not
      affect the formation of strand breaks. In model experiments it appeared that both
      purines and pyrimidines were involved in DNA inter-strand and DNA-protein cross
      links.

PMID- 3689354
TI  - The role of vitamin A in the glycosylation reactions of glycoprotein synthesis in
      an 'in vitro' system.
AB  - Microsomal membrane preparations from rat livers, when incubated with labelled
      sugar-nucleotides, were shown to synthesize labelled oligosaccharide-lipids in
      the presence of excess exogenous dolichyl phosphate. Under the incubation
      conditions defined in the present study, dolichyl pyrophosphoryl(DolPP)GlcNAc2
      Man5, DolPPGlcNAc2Man9 and DolPPGlcNAc2Man9Glc3 were the principal
      oligosaccharide-lipids formed by both control and vitamin A-deficient membranes.
      However, deficient membranes synthesized 3.2 +/- 0.8 times as much
      oligosaccharide-lipids and 2.6 +/- 0.7 times as much dolichyl phosphate mannose
      (DolPMan) and dolichyl phosphate glucose (DolPGlc) as the controls. The transfer
      of the oligosaccharide chain from the dolichol carrier to the endogenous protein
      acceptors in vitamin A-deficient microsomes (microsomal fractions) was only 57.5
      +/- 9.5% of that of controls. After endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase treatment,
      only one oligosaccharide species was isolated from both control and vitamin A
      deficient microsomal glycoproteins, and was characterized as GlcNAcMan9Glc3. We
      conclude that the decreased incorporation of labelled mannose and glucose from
      sugar-nucleotides into the glycoproteins must be due to decreased transfer of
      GlcNAc2Man9Glc3 from the dolichol carrier to the protein acceptors. This
      conclusion was further substantiated by the finding that control membranes
      transferred 4-6 times as much labelled oligosaccharides from exogenously added
      dolichol-linked substrate (DolPPGlcNAc2Man9Glc3) to endogenous microsomal protein
      acceptors as compared with the vitamin A-deficient membranes. Attempts to reverse
      this defect by addition of retinol or retinyl phosphate (a source of retinyl
      phosphate mannose) to the incubations were unsuccessful.

PMID- 3689358
TI  - The cytoskeleton: past, present and future.

PMID- 3689357
TI  - The morphogenetic alphabet: lessons for simple-minded genes.

PMID- 3689356
TI  - Effects of preincubation of primary monolayer cultures of rat hepatocytes with
      low- and high-density lipoproteins on the subsequent binding and metabolism of
      human low-density lipoprotein.
AB  - 1. There are two distinct binding sites (Site 1 and Site 2) for human low-density
      lipoprotein (LDL) on rat hepatocytes in monolayer culture [Salter, Saxton &
      Brindley (1986) Biochem. J. 240, 549-557]. 2. Binding of 125I-LDL to Site 1, but
      not to Site 2, is up-regulated between 20 and 44 h in culture by preincubation of
      the cells with human high-density lipoprotein 3 (HDL3). 3. A similar
      preincubation with HDL2 had no significant effect on binding to either site. 4.
      Preincubation with human LDL led to a partial down-regulation of subsequent
      binding of 125I-LDL to Site 1. Since binding after incubation with LDL was
      measured at 37 degrees C, binding to Site 2 could not be distinguished from LDL
      that had been internalized by the cells. 5. Hepatocytes were shown to degrade
      125I-LDL, resulting in the accumulation of [125I]iodotyrosine in the medium.
      Evidence was found that iodotyrosine may be further degraded by deiodinase
      produced by the cells. 6. Regulation of binding to Site 1 by preincubation with
      LDL or HDL3 was found to lead to a parallel regulation of LDL degradation. 7. It
      is concluded that rat hepatocytes not only bind but also metabolize human LDL and
      that these processes are under metabolic regulation.

PMID- 3689359
TI  - The phenomenological study of the assembly of muscle and non-muscle actin; a
      history in Japan.

PMID- 3689360
TI  - Cloning and sequence of cDNA encoding a peptide C-terminal alpha-amidating enzyme
      from Xenopus laevis.
AB  - The C-terminal alpha-amide formation of the peptides is one of the most important
      events of prohormone processing. We have recently isolated an alpha-amidating
      enzyme, AE-I, from Xenopus laevis skin, which is the only enzyme ever purified to
      homogeneity. In this study, we report cloning and sequence of cDNA encoding AE-I.
      Our results indicate that enzyme AE-I is initially synthesized as a precursor
      with 400 amino acid residues, which is further processed to the mature enzyme
      consisting of 344 residues. Preliminary expression in E. coli of the cDNA
      corresponding to AE-I was found to produce an enzyme with appreciable alpha
      amidating activity.

PMID- 3689362
TI  - The B-DNA to Z-DNA transition in alkali and tetraalkylammonium salts correlated
      with cation effects on solvent structure.
AB  - The B-to-Z transition in DNA with alternating purine and pyrimidine sequences is
      driven by high concentrations of monovalent cations. In addition to screening of
      phosphate repulsion, an important factor may be the influence of ions on DNA
      hydration. The relative efficiencies of tetraalkylammonium and alkali metal salts
      in promoting the formation of Z-DNA, monitored by CD, in poly[d(G-C)] and
      poly[d(G-m5C)] was correlated with the degree to which the cations tie up water
      molecules in ordered arrangements and therefore decrease the availability of the
      solvent to hydrate DNA.

PMID- 3689363
TI  - Two novel endogenous digoxin-like immunoreactive substances isolated from human
      plasma ultrafiltrate.
AB  - Two digoxin-like immunoreactive substances (DLIS 1 and DLIS-2) were isolated from
      human plasma by ultrafiltration, alkaline solvent extraction, and HPLC. Both
      inhibit canine Na, K-ATPase and cross-react with anti-digoxin antibodies. Their
      UV spectra are similar, with absorption peaks at 190 and 220 nm. FAB mass
      spectral analysis of both compounds yield a single dominant (M+H)+ component at
      m/z 532 otherwise, the fragmentation patterns are slightly different. The
      spectral data are consistent with the postulate that these compounds are related.
      Their identity as the natriuretic hormone is being investigated.

PMID- 3689361
TI  - 5-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoate promotes Ca2+ and protein kinase C mobilization in
      neutrophils.
AB  - 5-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoate (5-HETE) stimulated human neutrophils to elevate their
      cytosolic Ca2+. It also enhanced the actions of phorbol myristate acetate and a
      diacylglycerol in stimulating these cells to: a) translocate protein kinase C
      from cytosol to membranes; b) generate superoxide anion; and c) release granule
      bound enzymes. 5,20-DiHETE and 15-HETE possessed little or none of these
      bioactions. 5-HETE may influence neutrophil function by elevating cytosolic Ca2+
      and thereby promoting the mobilization of protein kinase C.

PMID- 3689364
TI  - Inhibition of protein kinase C activity by the Leishmania donovani
      lipophosphoglycan.
AB  - Purified lipophosphoglycan from Leishmania donovani was found to inhibit the
      activity of protein kinase C isolated from rat brain. Protein kinase C inhibition
      by lipophosphoglycan was continuous for 30 minutes. The glycoconjugate was a
      competitive inhibitor with respect to diolein, a noncompetitive inhibitor with
      respect to phosphatidylserine, and had no significant effect on protein kinase M
      and protein kinase A. A possible physiological role of lipophosphoglycan as a
      negative effector of protein kinase C is suggested.

PMID- 3689365
TI  - Occurrence of a new enzyme catalyzing the direct conversion of NG,NG-dimethyl-L
      arginine to L-citrulline in rats.
AB  - An enzyme concerned with the degradation of NG,NG-dimethyl-L-arginine to L
      citrulline was investigated in rats. The enzyme purified from rat kidney
      catalyzed the direct conversion of NG,NG-dimethyl-L-arginine to L-citrulline with
      liberation of dimethylamine from the methylated guanidino moiety. The reaction
      required no co-factor and the maximum activity was obtained at pH 6.5. The enzyme
      was highly specific for NG,NG-dimethyl-L-arginine.

PMID- 3689366
TI  - Structures and biological activities of three synaptic antagonists from orb
      weaver spider venom.
AB  - The venom of Argiope aurantia, an orb weaver spider, contains a mixture of low
      molecular weight "argiotoxins", which block neuromuscular transmission in
      insects. Complete structure elucidation of three argiotoxins reveals common
      features; a hydrophilic, basic domain of arginine, a polyamine and asparagine is
      connected to an aromatic moiety contributed either by 4-hydroxyindole-3-acetic
      acid or 2,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. Structural assignments of two argiotoxins
      are verified by chemical synthesis. The argiotoxins cause reversible paralysis
      when injected into insects and this is correlated with a stimulus-dependent
      inhibition of skeletal neuromuscular transmission at submicromolar
      concentrations.

PMID- 3689367
TI  - Butryic acid analogues augment gamma globin gene expression in neonatal erythroid
      progenitors.
AB  - The gamma----beta globin gene switch in humans is normally on a set developmental
      clock but is delayed in infants of diabetic mothers. We cultured cord blood
      erythroid progenitors and assayed globin produced in the presence and absence of
      metabolites that are elevated in such infants. Analogues of butyric acid at
      supranormal concentrations significantly augmented gamma and inhibited beta
      globin expression. The uptake of alpha-amino-n-butyric acid into colony-derived
      erythroblasts was increased in the presence of supranormal insulin. These
      findings suggest that elevated levels of alpha-amino-n-butyric acid and insulin
      in the developing fetus delay the globin switch and may offer potential for
      augmenting gamma globin expression in the beta globin chain diseases.

PMID- 3689368
TI  - Inhibition of protein kinase C by antineoplastic agents: implications for drug
      resistance.
AB  - One mechanism by which drugs alter the function of enzymes is through chronic
      inhibition. To determine whether commonly used cancer chemotherapeutic agents
      could alter protein kinase C (PKC) and thereby modify the calcium-messenger
      system, we studied the effect of anthracyclines and vinca alkaloids on the
      activity of PKC. Doxorubicin, daunomycin, vincristine and vinblastine inhibited
      the activity of PKC by 50% at concentrations of 150, 120, 350 and 140 microM
      respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrated the potential for this interaction to
      occur in intact cells, since doxorubicin blocked the binding of the phorbol
      ester, PDBu, to its receptor, PKC. The mode of inhibition of PKC was due, at
      least in part, to interference with the activation of the enzyme by
      phosphatidylserine. The activity of PKC was increased 15 fold in a highly
      resistant human breast cancer line, but this increase in enzymic activity was not
      seen in all lines tested. These studies demonstrate that anthracyclines and vinca
      alkaloids inhibit PKC, and suggest that chronic antagonism could lead to changes
      in its activity and function.

PMID- 3689369
TI  - Staurosporine, a potent protein kinase C inhibitor, fails to inhibit 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-caused ornithine decarboxylase induction in
      isolated mouse epidermal cells.
AB  - Staurosporine, a most potent protein kinase C inhibitor, actually inhibited
      protein kinase C activity obtained either from cytosol or particulate fraction of
      mouse epidermis. Staurosporine at the concentrations which exert protein kinase C
      inhibition, however, failed to inhibit, but markedly augmented 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-caused ornithine decarboxylase (ODC)
      induction in isolated mouse epidermal cells. Staurosporine by itself induced ODC
      activity as TPA does. Mechanism of ODC induction seems different between these
      two compounds. Another protein kinase C inhibitor, H-7, inhibited both
      staurosporine- and TPA-caused ODC induction.

PMID- 3689370
TI  - 7-Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity in human hair roots: a potential marker
      for toxifying species of cytochrome P-450 isozymes.
AB  - Assay systems for the evaluation of carcinogen interaction with human tissues are
      essential for assessing cancer risk. Human hair roots (HHR) are a readily
      obtainable epithelial tissue source that have been employed for investigating
      inherited enzyme activities. In this study HHR were found to possess cytochrome P
      450-dependent 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (ERD) activity which measures
      cytochrome P-450 isoenzymes that are highly specific (in the order of greater
      than 95%) markers for the metabolic activation of many environmental carcinogenic
      substances such as the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Topical
      application of PAHs (in liquor carbonis detergens) to the scalp of human
      volunteers was found to enhance the activity of this enzyme in freshly plucked
      hair roots. Oral and topical administration of ketoconazole to the same subjects
      resulted in an appreciable (up to 73%) inhibition of detectable enzyme activity.
      Our data suggest that measurement of ERD in HHR may be a useful marker for the
      study of toxifying species of cytochrome P-450 isozymes in human populations.

PMID- 3689371
TI  - Heat shock triggers rapid protein phosphorylation in soybean seedings.
AB  - Heat shock arrests the synthesis of many cellular proteins and simultaneously
      initiates expression of a unique set of proteins, termed heat shock proteins. We
      have found that heat shock rapidly triggers phosphorylation of a set of proteins
      in soybean seedlings. Although the kinetics of phosphorylation and the heat shock
      response are similar, the major identified phosphorylation products do not
      comigrate with heat shock proteins on polyacrylamide gels. Cadmium, which is
      known to induce the heat shock response, stimulates phosphorylation of the same
      set of proteins. The rapidity of phosphorylation suggests that it may play a
      pivotal role in sensing and transducing elevated temperature stress in plants.

PMID- 3689373
TI  - Base stacking and molecular polarizability: effect of a methyl group in the 5
      position of pyrimidines.
AB  - Substitution of a methyl group in the 5-position of pyrimidines increases melting
      temperatures and modifies biological properties of DNA. Increased DNA stability
      is often attributed to hydrophobic interactions between water and the methyl
      group. However, we present evidence that the major effect of methyl substitution
      is to increase the molecular polarizability of the pyrimidine, thereby increasing
      the base stacking. Experimentally determined base stacking interaction constants
      for free bases in water are shown to correlate well with calculated molecular
      polarizability and DNA melting temperatures.

PMID- 3689372
TI  - Influence of calmodulin antagonist (stelazine) on agonist-induced calcium
      mobilization and platelet activation.
AB  - Phenothiazines at high concentrations inhibit platelet aggregation and the
      secretion of granule contents. In this study we have evaluated the influence of
      stelazine on platelet function at low concentrations. Stelazine alone had no
      influence on resting calcium levels in platelets but facilitated agonist-induced
      elevation of cytosolic calcium. Platelets combined with low concentrations of
      stelazine (10 microM) and stimulated with subthreshold concentrations of thrombin
      (0.05 mu/ml) aggregated irreversibly and released significant quantities of ATP.
      Results of these studies suggest a new role for the calmodulin antagonist
      stelazine in platelet activation.

PMID- 3689374
TI  - An unique specificity of a sialic acid binding lectin AchatininH, from the
      hemolymph of Achatina fulica snail.
AB  - A sialic acid-binding lectin, AchatininH, from the hemolymph of Achatina fulica
      snail is found to be highly specific for 9-0-acetyl sialic acid. The binding
      specificity of AchatininH distinguishes it from other known sialic-acid specific
      lectins which usually show a broader range of specificity for sialic acid. It is
      even better than crab lectin which shows specificity for both 4- and 9-0
      acetylated derivatives of sialic acid. This limited specificity of AchatininH
      appear to account for the fact that it agglutinates only rabbit, rat and guinea
      pig erythrocytes which contain 9-0-acetylated sialic acid but not horse (mainly
      contain 4-0-acetylated sialic acid), human, monkey, sheep, goat and chicken
      erythrocytes which contain either N-acetyl or N-glycolyl neuraminic acid but no 0
      acetylated derivatives. This finding was further supported by the potent
      inhibition of hemagglutination by free 9-0-acetylated neuraminic acid and by
      several glyco shingolipids of human origin having 0-acetylated sialic acid.

PMID- 3689375
TI  - Antibodies that recognize phosphodiester-linked amino-N-acetylglucosamine-1
      phosphate residues.
AB  - An affinity chromatography procedure was developed for isolating antibodies that
      recognized phosphodiester-linked alpha-N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate (alpha
      GlcNAc-1-P) residues. The affinity resin consisted of uridine-5'-diphospho-alpha
      N-acetylglucosamine (UDPGlcNAc) conjugated to Sepharose. Antiserum prepared
      against Proteinase 1 from the cellular slime mold, Dictyostelium discoideum was
      used as a source of the anti-alpha-GlcNAc-1-P antibodies. Immunoblot assays
      showed that the affinity-isolated antibodies recognized phosphoglycosylated
      subunits of Proteinase 1, and that UDPGlcNAc blocked this interaction.

PMID- 3689376
TI  - The excretion of leukotriene E4 into urine following inhalation of leukotriene D4
      by human individuals.
AB  - Healthy volunteers underwent bronchial challenge with increasing doses of
      nebulized leukotriene D4 (0.007 - 200 nmol) at 15 min intervals. Total amounts of
      200 nmol (females) and 400 nmol (males) were inhaled, corresponding to
      approximately 100 nmol and 200 nmol deposited in the lung, respectively. Of the
      latter amounts 3 +/- 1% (mean +/- S.E.M., n = 5) was found to be excreted as
      leukotriene E4 into the urine within 12 h. No further excretion after this period
      was observed. Approximately 50% of the total urinary leukotriene E4 was excreted
      during the first 2 h. These results suggest that a possible formation of
      sulfidopeptide leukotrienes in the lung in vivo can be monitored by measuring
      leukotriene E4 excretion into the urine.

PMID- 3689377
TI  - Purification of the human alveolar macrophage mannose receptor.
AB  - We report here the first isolation of a mannose receptor from human lung, and
      identify the alveolar macrophage as the cell of origin. The receptor was purified
      from detergent-solubilized lung tissue by absorption to mannose- and fucose
      Sepharose, and elution with EDTA. The eluted protein had a molecular weight of
      175 kD. Maximum binding of 125I-mannan-2 to the isolated receptor occurred at pH
      7.5. Binding was inhibited by 40 micrograms/ml mannan (75%); 200 mM mannose
      (89%); and 200 mM fucose (93%). Galactose (200 mM) had no effect. Polyclonal
      antibodies raised against the purified receptor reacted with the purified 175 kD
      protein and a 175 kD protein from detergent extracts of human alveolar
      macrophages by immunoblot analysis. The antibody immunoprecipitated a 175 kD
      protein from solubilized 125I-labeled human alveolar macrophage membranes. These
      studies indicate that the 175 kD protein purified from human lung is the cell
      surface alveolar macrophage mannose receptor.

PMID- 3689378
TI  - Diurnal variation of HMG-CoA reductase activity in rat liver peroxisomes.
AB  - The specific activity of hepatic microsomal and peroxisomal 3-hydroxy-3
      methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) was determined at
      different times during a 24 hour cycle from cholestyramine treated rats. The
      microsomal HMG-CoA reductase activity displayed a peak at D-6 (6th hour of the
      dark cycle) as previously reported, whereas, the peroxisomal HMG-CoA reductase
      activity was the highest at L-2 (2nd hour of the light cycle). Immunoblots of the
      peroxisomal HMG-CoA reductase suggest that the increase in enzyme activity at L-2
      is due to changes in enzyme mass. The different cyclic variations observed in
      microsomal and peroxisomal HMG-CoA reductase activity may suggest different
      mechanisms of regulation.

PMID- 3689379
TI  - The cell-free interaction between chromaffin granules and plasma membranes: an in
      vitro model for exocytosis?

PMID- 3689380
TI  - Reaction of 5'-p-fluorosulfonylbenzoyladenosine with the catalytic and AMP
      allosteric sites of microsomal HMG-CoA reductase kinase.
AB  - The nucleotide analogue 5-p-fluorosulfonylbenzoyladenosine reacts with rat liver
      microsomal 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase kinase, causing a rapid loss
      of the AMP activation capacity and a slower inactivation of the catalytic
      activity. The rate constant for loss of AMP activation is eleven times higher (K1
      = 0.107 min-1) than the rate constant for inactivation (K2 = 0.0094 min-1). Mg
      ATP protects preferentially against inactivation, while Mg-AMP at a low
      concentration (7.5/0.05 mM) protects preferentially against loss of the AMP
      activation capacity. Oppositely, Mg-ADP at a low concentration (7.5/0.05 mM)
      hardly protects against loss of AMP activation capacity. We conclude that
      microsomal reductase kinase has distinct sites for activation and catalysis.

PMID- 3689382
TI  - Degradation of tryptamine in pig brain: identification of a new condensation
      product.
AB  - Incubation of tryptamine with pig brain homogenate led to the formation of a
      product which is not identical with other known tryptamine metabolites. The same
      results were observed with rat brain tissue and bovine brain tissue. The compound
      has been isolated and identified by NMR spectroscopy, fast atom bombardment mass
      spectroscopy, and by chemical synthesis as a thiazolidine derivative, (4R)-2-(3
      indolylmethyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid. It is formed by a condensation
      reaction of indole-3-acetaldehyde generated enzymatically from tryptamine and of
      free L-cysteine present in the tissue. The compound inhibited monoamine oxidase
      (preferentially type A) and the neuronal gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake.

PMID- 3689381
TI  - Synergism between subthreshold concentrations of thrombin and 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate in platelet activation.
AB  - A comparison was made between the time courses and interdependence of platelet
      aggregation, serotonin release, and cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration in the same
      sample of platelets loaded with [14C]-serotonin and Ca2+-sensitive photoprotein
      aequorin. In 100 micrograms/ml aspirin-treated platelets, neither 0.01 U/ml
      thrombin nor 50nM TPA, an active phorbol ester, induced significant aggregation,
      serotonin release, or a rise in the intracellular calcium concentration. However,
      when these two agents were added together, marked aggregation and release were
      observed without a change in the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration. No
      correlation was observed between the extent of the synergistic effects and time
      of preincubation with TPA. Potentiatory effects of protein kinase C on receptor
      mediated agonists need to be considered in platelet activation.

PMID- 3689383
TI  - High affinity binding of the large T protein of polyoma virus to a genomic mouse
      DNA sequence.
AB  - We purified a fragment of mouse DNA to which the large T protein of polyoma virus
      was bound in chromatin prepared from transformed mouse cells. This sequence,
      which is not repeated to a measurable extent within the mouse genome, does not
      show any significant homology to the viral ori region, except in a short region,
      which comprises a sequence related to the consensus for recognition by large T
      proteins ((A,T)GPuGGC). This region of pCG4 was confirmed by in vitro binding
      assays to be essential for T antigen binding.

PMID- 3689384
TI  - Heat-shock protein synthesis by human peripheral mononuclear cells from SLE
      patients.
AB  - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
      patients have heat shock protein (hsp) 70 and hsp 85 as well as the response to
      various temperatures of normal PBMC and are inducible for these proteins over
      about 5-8 levels with heat exposure in short-term culture. Synthesis of hsp 70
      and hsp 85 as well as the response to various temperatures and the time course of
      induction were typical for mammalian cell systems. This enhancement with heat
      shock treatment was blocked by actinomycin D added before heat exposure. This
      demonstration that hsp genes are activated in PBMC from active SLE patients
      without heat exposure supports the hypothesis that gene activation can serve some
      roles in these cells and be related to the PBMC function in SLE patients. These
      observations are at least correlative and consistent with a possible homeostatic
      function for hsps in this system.

PMID- 3689385
TI  - Characterization of Na+/Mg2+ antiport by simultaneous 28Mg2+ influx.
AB  - During net Mg2+ efflux from Mg2+-preloaded chicken erythrocytes, which occurs via
      Na+/Mg2+ antiport, 28Mg2+ is taken up intracellularly. Km of 28Mg2+ influx
      amounted to 1 mM. In Na+-free medium Vmax of 28Mg2+ influx was increased and Km
      was reduced to 0.2 mM. 28Mg2+ influx was noncompetitively inhibited by amiloride
      as was found for Na+/Mg2+ antiport. The results indicate that, extracellularly,
      Mg2+ can compete with Na+ for common binding sites of the Na+/Mg2+ antiporter,
      resulting in 28Mg2+-24Mg2+ exchange. The rate of Mg2+ exchange depends on
      extracellular Na+ and on the rate of net Mg2+ efflux.

PMID- 3689386
TI  - The effect of alpha-ecdysone and phenobarbital on the alpha-ecdysone 20
      monooxygenase of house fly larva.
AB  - The NADPH-dependent cytochrome P-450 20-monooxygenation of alpha-ecdysone is
      catalyzed both by mitochondria and microsomes isolated from Musca domestica, L.
      larvae, but about 50% of the activity is associated with mitochondria and 37%
      with microsomes. The mitochondrial activity is increased by pretreatment with
      alpha-ecdysone with a concomitant decrease in Km values. This effect is not
      observed in microsomes. Induction with phenobarbital represses the mitochondrial
      20-monooxygenase but does not change the microsomal activity, although a large
      increase in cytochrome P-450 is observed in the latter fraction. It is concluded
      that only the mitochondrial 20-monooxygenase appears to be regulated by alpha
      ecdysone which suggests that mitochondrial cytochrome P-450 forms are involved in
      the moulting phenomenon; whereas, microsomal cytochrome P-450 activity may be of
      a nonspecific nature and not relevant to development.

PMID- 3689387
TI  - The hydrophobic cationic cyanine dye inhibits oxidative phosphorylation by
      inhibiting ADP transport, not by electrophoretic transfer, into mitochondria.
AB  - The effect of the divalent cationic cyanine dye tri-S-C4(5) on oxidative
      phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria was examined. The dye at about 100 n
      mols per mg mitochondrial protein inhibited state 3 respiration and ATP synthesis
      almost completely. However, it had no effect on submitochondrial particles, like
      other hydrophobic cations. The dye inhibited the transport of ADP into
      mitochondria mediated by the adenine nucleotide translocator. Thus, the
      inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation by the cationic dye was concluded to be
      due to its action on the adenine nucleotide translocator, not to its
      electrophoretic transfer into the inner space of mitochondria according to the
      inside-negative electrochemical potential.

PMID- 3689388
TI  - Amino acid sequence analysis of the neuronal type II calmodulin-dependent protein
      kinase by tandem mass spectrometry.
AB  - The primary structure of the neuronal Type II calmodulin-dependent protein kinase
      has been examined by protein sequence analysis and compared to cDNA-derived
      sequence. Tandem mass spectroscopic analysis was used for the sequence
      determination. Comparison with published cDNA sequence data for the alpha subunit
      revealed that the difference between the alpha- and beta-subunits lay in two
      insertions into the sequence for the alpha-subunit and a short alpha-specific
      sequence. The N-terminal amino acid of the alpha subunit which is blocked to
      Edman degradation has been tentatively identified as N-acetyl-alanine.

PMID- 3689389
TI  - Differential effects of cycloheximide on rat liver cytochrome P-450 gene
      transcription in the whole animal and hepatoma cell culture.
AB  - The induction of cytochrome P-450 (c+d) messenger RNAs in rat liver by 3-methyl
      cholanthrene follows a biphasic pattern. Administration of cycloheximide blocks
      the induction of cytochrome P-450 (c+d) messenger RNAs by 3-methylcholanthrene as
      well as cytochrome P-450 (b+e) messenger RNAs by Phenobarbitone. Transcription of
      these messenger RNAs in isolated nuclei is also blocked by cycloheximide
      administration. Thus cycloheximide not only fails to mimic the superinduction
      effects reported in hepatoma cell cultures, but actually blocks the specific
      transcription process. Exogenous hemin, while counteracting the effects of CoCl2
      (heme biosynthetic inhibitor) on cytochrome (c+d) messenger RNA induction by the
      hydrocarbon, fails to counteract the effects of cycloheximide. It is suggested
      that a positive labile transcription factor is involved in the regulation of
      cytochrome P-450 gene expression in vivo.

PMID- 3689390
TI  - Synthesis and characterization of O6-(2-chloroethyl)guanine: a putative
      intermediate in the cytotoxic reaction of chloroethylnitrosoureas with DNA.
AB  - The chloroethylnitrosoureas are useful antitumor agents which evidently exert a
      significant part of their cytotoxic action through the formation of a unique 1-(3
      deoxycytidyl), 2-(1-deoxyguanosinyl)ethane cross-link in DNA. It has been
      suggested that this cross-link is formed from O6-(2-chloro-ethyl)guanine, an
      initial product of DNA alkylation by the chloroethylnitrosoureas; however, O6-(2
      chloroethyl)guanine has never been described. We have synthesized this derivative
      from the reaction of thionyl chloride with O6-(2-hydroxyethyl)guanine, and have
      found that it decomposes to 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)guanine through an intermediate,
      presumably 1,O6-ethanoguanine. Its half life at 37 degrees and pH 7.4 is 17.8
      min.

PMID- 3689391
TI  - The dissociation of carbon monoxide from the alpha and the beta subunits of human
      carbonmonoxy hemoglobin.
AB  - We have measured the intrinsic CO dissociation rates from the subunits of the
      human hemoglobin tetramers (alpha CO beta NO)2 and (alpha NO beta CO)2 using
      microperoxidase and a stopped-flow spectrophotometer. The dissociation of NO is
      negligible. The rate constants for the and the subunits are similar (0.014 s-1
      vs. 0.011 s-1, respectively, at pH 7, 20 C; and 0.016 s-1 for both in the
      presence of inositol hexaphosphate), indicating that they are equivalent in the
      first step of the CO dissociation. Therefore, the chain unequality observed in
      the third and fourth steps (Samaja, M., Rovida, E., Niggeler, M., Perrella, M.,
      and Rossi-Bernardi, L. (1987). J. Biol. Chem.: 262, 4528-4533) are not due to the
      intrinsic properties of the subunits, but to the conformational state of the
      molecule.

PMID- 3689392
TI  - Growth-inhibitory protein present in rabbit serum, which is more effective on
      tumorigenic rat liver epithelial cells than on non-tumorigenic ones: its species,
      and mode of existence.
AB  - We have previously reported that in culture, rabbit serum inhibits the growth of
      the epithelial cell line from Buffalo rat liver (BRL) lower than that of the
      tumorigenic one transformed by Rous sarcoma virus (RSV-BRL). Here, the serum was
      fractionated by several different methods. The findings are: 1) the growth
      inhibitor present (GI) existed as large complexes with non-inhibitory proteins;
      2) the complexes were dissociated by 1 M NaCl plus 6 M urea; 3) the dissociated
      GI did not pass through membrane filter with Mr cutoff 10k; 4) it was stable in
      8.5 M urea and 1 M acetic acid (pH 2.5), but labile against either dithiothreitol
      and trypsin; 5) it was separable into two species with pI 7.5 and 9.5; 6) both
      species were more effective on RSV-BRL than on BRL.

PMID- 3689393
TI  - In vitro interactions between polyamines and pectic substances.
AB  - Putrescine, spermidine and spermine induce a decrease in the pH value of 1 mM
      polygalacturonic acid or pectin solutions; spermidine and spermine also cause the
      precipitation of the polymers. The association constants between polyamines and
      polygalacturonic acid were in the order of 10(5) for putrescine and spermidine,
      and 10(6) for spermine. The number of galacturonic units per binding sites are
      proportional to the number of positive charges on the polyamine molecule. Low
      affinity binding sites appear at high polyamine concentrations. Calcium ions seem
      to compete weakly with spermine by lowering the association constant 4- to 6
      fold. Two natural pectins tested, showed that methylation of the carboxylic
      groups influences only the number of galacturonic units per site but not the
      association constant.

PMID- 3689394
TI  - The effect of heparin on fibronectin and thrombospondin synthesis by human smooth
      muscle cells.
AB  - Heparin causes increased synthesis of fibronectin and thrombospondin by human
      vascular smooth muscle cells as assessed by immunoprecipitation and ELISA
      techniques. More fibronectin and thrombospondin were immunoprecipitated from the
      medium of cells treated with 180 micrograms/ml heparin than from that of control
      cells. Heparin did not effect levels of fibronectin and thrombospondin
      immunoprecipitated from the cell-matrix fractions. By ELISA, heparin was found to
      cause a 1.7 fold increase in medium fibronectin levels/cell and a 10 fold
      increase in medium thrombospondin levels/cell. Concomitantly, smooth muscle cells
      treated with 180 g/ml heparin for 48 h exhibited 55% decrease in proliferation
      relative to controls.

PMID- 3689395
TI  - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 regulates tubulin expression in chick intestine.
AB  - As in many other cell types, autoregulation of tubulin synthesis is evident in
      the intestinal epithelium of normal (vitamin D-replete) chicks: Suppression of
      protein (tubulin) synthesis by cycloheximide administration in vivo resulted
      within 30 min in a two-fold increase in RNA hybridizing with an alpha-tubulin
      probe. Vitamin D status revealed an additional regulatory component. alpha
      Tubulin mRNA was elevated in vitamin D-deficient (-D) chicks and those treated
      with 1,25(OH)2D3 for 1-10 h prior to sacrifice, but declined precipitously 15-20
      h after hormone, and in normal birds. These results suggested hormonally
      increased tubulin levels which in turn suppressed cellular alpha-tubulin mRNA.
      Analyses of total tubulin levels by [3H]-colchicine binding revealed low levels
      of the protein(s) in -D chicks, increased levels at 1-15 h after 1,25(OH)2D3, and
      maximum binding at 20 h after hormone and in normal birds.

PMID- 3689396
TI  - Vitamin E protects proteins against free radical damage in lipid environments.
AB  - The fragmentation of the membrane protein monoamine oxidase in submitochondrial
      particles was induced by defined free radicals during radiolysis and by a system
      dependent on hydrogen peroxide and a transition metal. By injection of alpha
      tocopherol in vivo, the levels of this physiological antioxidant in the
      mitochondrial preparations could be elevated more than ten-fold. In both radical
      generating systems the presence of high levels of alpha-tocopherol in the
      membrane substantially retarded the protein fragmentation, in parallel with lipid
      peroxidation. It is suggested that membrane-bound proteins are damaged during
      lipid peroxidation and that alpha-tocopherol protects cells against both types of
      damage.

PMID- 3689397
TI  - A photoreactive competitive inhibitor of the human lysosomal neuraminidase in
      cultured skin fibroblasts.
AB  - A photoreactive, potent, competitive inhibitor of the human lysosomal
      neuraminidase in cultured skin fibroblasts has been prepared. The starting
      material, 2,3 dehydro-N-acetyl neuraminic acid methyl ester, was selectively
      tosylated at the C-9 position with tosyl chloride and subsequently peracetylated
      with acetic anhydride. The tosyl group was displaced with potassium thio acetate
      in dimethylformamide at 60 degrees C for 80 min. 4-fluoro-3-nitrophenylazide was
      incorporated by reaction with the thio acetate product and equimolar sodium
      methoxide in methanol followed by reacetylation. Base hydrolysis gave the final
      product, 9-S-(4-azido-2-nitrophenyl)-5-acetamido-2,6 anhydro-2,3,5,9-tetradeoxy-9
      thio-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-enonic acid (W5). The yields at each step were 50
      70%. Competitive inhibition kinetics were observed when W5 was tested with the
      fibroblast neuraminidase using 4-methylumbelliferyl-N-acetyl-neuraminic acid as
      substrate giving an apparent Ki of about 10 microM. These results suggest that
      the terminal hydroxyl group at C-9 may not be important in the recognition and
      binding of the substrate by the enzyme. Also, the compounds prepared here may be
      useful as photoaffinity probes or ligands for affinity chromatography for
      purification.

PMID- 3689398
TI  - Synthesis of a new photoreactive C5a analog that permits identification of the
      ligand binding component of the granulocyte C5a receptor.
AB  - Human C5a is a complement derived inflammatory mediator that binds to specific
      receptors that are found in the granulocyte plasma membrane. A new photoreactive
      C5a analog, that can be radiolabeled in the aryl azide moiety, has been
      synthesized by coupling p-azidosalicyl-2-mercapto-N-ethylamide-2'-thiopyridine
      disulfide to a partially reduced form of C5a. This unique analog (ASAMEA-SC5a)
      specifically bound to the granulocyte C5a receptor with an apparent Kd of 1.8 nM,
      a value that is comparable to that of the native ligand. Photoactivation resulted
      in crosslinking of this probe to the granulocyte C5a receptor. Subsequent
      reductions of the complex produced a radiolabeled C5a receptor, or a subunit of
      this receptor that had an apparent molecular weight of 47,000 Daltons on SDS
      PAGE.

PMID- 3689399
TI  - Formation of 11 beta-hydroxysteroids requires the integrity of the microfilament
      network in adrenocortical cells.
AB  - In order to determine the role of microfilaments in adrenal steroidogenesis, we
      have studied the effect of cytochalasin B, a microfilament-disrupting agent, on
      the kinetics of [3H] pregnenolone conversion to labelled metabolites by frog
      interrenal tissue in vitro. Cytochalasin B (5 x 10(-5)M) induced a 50 to 70%
      decrease in corticosterone, 18-hydroxycorticosterone and aldosterone biosynthesis
      while the formation of progesterone and 11-desoxycorticosterone was not affected.
      These results suggest that microfilaments interfere in the conversion of 11
      desoxycorticosterone to corticosterone probably by controlling the movement of 11
      desoxycorticosterone from the reticulum to the mitochondria.

PMID- 3689400
TI  - Metabolism of the mutagen MeIQx in vivo: metabolite screening by liquid
      chromatography-thermospray mass spectrometry.
AB  - 2-Amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoxaline (MeIQx) is a potent mutagen found
      in cooked food. MeIQx and its isotopically labelled (13C, 15N2 and 14C) analogues
      were synthesised and used for metabolic studies in vivo. An equimolar mixture of
      MeIQx and its 13C, 15N2 stable isotope labelled analogue (containing tracer
      amounts of 14C-MeIQx) was given intraperitoneally to mice. Some 67% of the
      radioactivity was eliminated in urine and faeces within 24h. Four radiolabelled
      species were observed when urine was analysed by HPLC, corresponding to unchanged
      MeIQx and three more polar metabolites. Urine was analysed directly by HPLC
      thermospray mass spectrometry. Four signals were observed containing the
      characteristic 1:1 isotopic doublet, corresponding to unchanged MeIQx, an MeIQx
      glucuronide, and two uncharacterized metabolites.

PMID- 3689401
TI  - A calmodulin dependent protein kinase in parietal cells.
AB  - An enriched population of isolated rabbit gastric parietal cells, from the fundic
      mucosa of New Zealand White rabbit, contained an active cytosolic calmodulin
      dependent protein kinase activity with a prominent 100 kDa substrate (pp100). The
      latter focused as a doublet with isoelectric point of 6.8-7.0. The pp100 protein
      was phosphorylated only on threonine residues on a single tryptic peptide.
      Trifluoperazine inhibited the pp100 kinase activity with a KI of 10-15 microM.
      Addition of exogenous calmodulin was able to restore activity to uninhibited
      levels. A protein band with a molecular weight and phosphopeptide map identical
      to pp100, phosphorylated by calcium-dependent kinase, was also observed in rabbit
      pancreatic cytosol. The data suggest that a type III calmodulin-dependent kinase
      is present in parietal cell cytosol.

PMID- 3689402
TI  - Protein sequence analysis studies on the low molecular weight hydrophobic
      proteins associated with bovine pulmonary surfactant.
AB  - Lipid extracts of bovine pulmonary surfactant, which exhibit biophysical and
      biological activity, contain two hydrophobic proteins which have been designated
      surfactant protein-B (SP-B) and SP-C. Amino terminal amino acid sequence analysis
      of whole lipid extracts and partially purified protein fractions gave rise to
      three sequences, two major and one minor. The first sequence, identified as a
      member of the SP-B family, extended for 60 amino acids beginning with an amino
      terminal phe. The second polypeptide, identified as a member of the SP-C family,
      sequenced for 35 amino acids and had a leu amino terminus. The third minor
      sequence corresponded to amino acids 2-9 of SP-C (N-leu) and was designated SP-C
      (N-ile). Sequence analysis of cyanogen bromide peptides derived from methyl
      isocyanate-blocked lipid extract material produced two peptides which extended
      the amino acid sequence of SP-B to residue 79, which appears to be a glycine.

PMID- 3689403
TI  - Inhibitors of sterol synthesis. Effect of dietary 5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-en-3 beta
      ol-15-one on ACAT activity of jejunal microsomes of the rat.
AB  - Dietary administration (0.1% in a chow diet for 8 days) of 5 alpha-cholest-8(14)
      en-3 beta-ol-15-one, a potent inhibitor of sterol biosynthesis with marked
      hypocholesterolemic action, to rats caused a 77% reduction in the levels of acyl
      co-enzyme A:cholesterol acyl transferase activity of jejunal microsomes relative
      to those observed in pair-fed control animals. No differences were observed in
      mean levels of cholesterol concentration in jejunal microsomes of experimental
      and pair-fed control animals.

PMID- 3689404
TI  - 5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-en-3 beta-ol-15-one. A competitive substrate for acyl
      coenzyme A:cholesterol acyl transferase.
AB  - 5 alpha-Cholest-8(14)-en-3 beta-ol-15-one, a potent inhibitor of cholesterol
      biosynthesis with hypocholesterolemic activity, has been found to serve as an
      efficient substrate for acyl CoA:cholesterol acyl transferase of rat hepatic and
      jejunal microsomes and to inhibit the esterification of cholesterol.
      Concentrations required to give 50% inhibition of cholesterol ester formation in
      liver and jejunal microsomes were approximately 10 microM and approximately 3
      microM, respectively.

PMID- 3689405
TI  - Aspects of model building applied to the C-terminal domain of the L12 protein
      from chloroplast ribosomes: a molecular dynamics study.
AB  - A 170 picosecond molecular dynamics trajectory has been calculated starting from
      a model-built structure of chloroplast CTF. Local conformational changes occur
      during the equilibration period. Thereafter, a dynamically stable structure is
      attained. The conformational changes involve a turn connecting two structural
      subdomains which has an amino acid insertion and several substitutions with
      respect to the E. coli sequence. Potential energy minimisation alone fails to
      detect such a change. The overall folding and atomic positional fluctuations are
      very similar to those found in MD simulations of the E. coli molecule. The
      combined use of computer graphics based model building and MD calculations has
      lead to a thermally stable putative structure for the chloroplast CTF.

PMID- 3689406
TI  - On the repair of thymidine bromohydrins, damaged nucleosides: a possible new
      model for the damage and repair of nucleic acids.
AB  - Bromohydrins, which were damaged products of thymidines (2, 3, and 4), were
      repaired with sunlight or heat via a radical mechanism to regenerate the
      thymidines. A hypothesis for the biological significance of thymidine in DNA is
      presented.

PMID- 3689407
TI  - Tumor necrosis factor increases in vivo glucose utilization of macrophage-rich
      tissues.
AB  - Glucose utilization of different tissues was investigated in vivo by the 2
      deoxyglucose tracer technique. After infusion of a non-lethal dose of recombinant
      human TNF-alpha (150 micrograms/kg) to rats, glucose utilization was increased by
      80-100% in spleen, liver, kidney, by 60% in skin and by 30-40% in lung and ileum.
      The largest increase (150%) was observed in the diaphragm. There was no
      significant change in glucose utilization by skeletal muscles, testis and brain.
      These data show that TNF exerts metabolic effects on macrophage-rich tissues, and
      suggest that enhanced secretion of TNF may be one of the important factors in
      eliciting the metabolic changes in sepsis and endotoxicosis.

PMID- 3689408
TI  - Dependence of ATP citrate lyase activity on cell density of isolated rat
      hepatocytes.
AB  - The activities of two enzymes involved in the lipogenic process, ATP citrate
      lyase and NADP-linked malic enzyme were evaluated as a function of cell density
      in isolated rat hepatocytes. The activity of ATP citrate lyase was profoundly
      affected by cell density with the activity/cell being higher at low cell
      densities than at high cell densities. Malic enzyme was not similarly affected,
      nor was cellular ATP content. The effect was observed regardless of dietary state
      but was most dramatic with hepatocytes from fasted-refed rats. Both an activator
      and an inhibitor of ATP citrate lyase have been isolated from conditioned medium
      from cells at low density and at high density, respectively. The activator
      fraction was heat stable while the inhibitor fraction was heat labile, and both
      factors had molecular weights in excess of 10,000 daltons.

PMID- 3689409
TI  - Occurrence of ceramide-glycanase in the earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris.
AB  - We have detected the presence of ceramide-glycanase in the earthworm, Lumbricus
      terrestris. We have also devised a simple method for the preparation of this
      enzyme from the earthworm. This enzyme cleaved the linkage between the ceramide
      and the glycan chain in LacCer, GbOse3Cer, GbOse4Cer, GbOse5Cer, GM3, GM2, GM1
      and GD1a. By using tritium-labeled GM2 as substrate, the optimum pH of this
      enzyme was found to be between pH 4 and 4.5. In the earthworm, the ceramide
      glycanase was mainly found in the muscle. The intestine was found to contain a
      very low level of this enzyme. Because of their easy availability, earthworms
      should become a convenient source for the preparation of ceramide-glycanase.

PMID- 3689410
TI  - Identification of an arginine vasopressin-like diuretic hormone from Locusta
      migratoria.
AB  - We have identified two neuropeptides (F1 and F2) from suboesophageal and thoracic
      ganglia of Locusta migratoria, which we isolated earlier based on their
      immunological similarity to arginine vasopressin. The more abundant and
      hydrophilic factor, F1, has sequence Cys-Leu-Ile-Thr-Asn-Cys-Pro-Arg-Gly-NH2, but
      its biological role is unknown. The less abundant factor, F2, is an antiparallel
      dimer of F1, and functions as a diuretic hormone of this species. It appears to
      act through the intermediacy of cyclic AMP. The properties of the native
      neuropeptides were identical with those of samples synthesized from appropriately
      protected L-amino acids.

PMID- 3689411
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to bovine growth hormone potentiate effects of the hormone
      on somatomedin C levels and growth of hypophysectomized rats.
AB  - Bovine growth hormone (50 micrograms/day) elevated somatomedin C levels in plasma
      of hypophysectomized rats: the effect was seen 12 h after the first injection and
      was sustained throughout a 7-day treatment period. When monoclonal antibodies to
      bovine growth hormone were administered with the hormone the stimulation of
      somatomedin C levels was markedly enhanced, as were effects on body weight. Each
      one of a panel of 7 monoclonal antibodies potentiated the actions of the hormone
      on growth and somatomedin C levels, though the extent and pattern of potentiation
      varied considerably from one antibody to another. Effects on growth and
      somatomedin C levels correlated fairly well, though there were some
      discrepancies.

PMID- 3689412
TI  - Spermidine and spermine stimulate the transport of the precursor of ornithine
      carbamoyltransferase into rat liver mitochondria.
AB  - We have examined the effect of low molecular weight components of the transport
      mixture generally used for the import of rat liver pre-ornithine
      carbamoyltransferase by isolated rat liver mitochondria. These studies revealed
      that spermidine and spermine, at physiological concentrations, stimulate the
      transport of the precursor of ornithine carbamoyltransferase into mitochondria.
      This stimulatory effect of spermidine and spermine is concentration-dependent and
      is completely inhibited at higher than physiological concentrations (20 mM for
      spermidine and 4 mM for spermine). Magnesium ions, which also have a stimulatory
      effect, inhibit the stimulatory effect of spermidine.

PMID- 3689413
TI  - Evidence for nucleoside channeling in vivo: deoxythymidine incorporation into rat
      liver dTTP and nuclear matrix DNA.
AB  - Previous studies in prokaryotes and in eukaryotic cell lines have indicated the
      possible existence of more than one dTTP pool accessible to DNA synthesis. To
      investigate this possibility in eukaryotes in vivo, the incorporation of [3H]
      deoxythymidine into nuclear matrix-attached DNA and intracellular dTTP was
      examined in regenerating rat liver. The labeling of matrix DNA reached a maximum
      after a 5 min pulse and then began to rapidly decrease. Conversely, [3H]
      deoxythymidine incorporation into dTTP began to increase after 5 min and peaked
      10 min after injection. Since the peak specific activity for [3H] deoxythymidine
      incorporation into matrix DNA precedes that into dTTP, there seems to be
      channeling of exogenous thymidine directly to sites of DNA replication, bypassing
      existing nucleotide pools.

PMID- 3689414
TI  - Fast motility of isolated mammalian auditory sensory cells.
AB  - Auditory sensory cells (hair cells) are responsible for sound transduction in the
      cochlea of the inner ear. In the presence of a longitudinal a.c. field isolated
      living outer hair cells showed reversible motile responses. They followed the
      stimulus up to at least 1 kHz. Control experiments in the presence of
      cytochalasin B, phalloidin and dinitrophenol excluded actomyosin as a molecular
      basis of the high frequency motility. The results suggest, that outer hair cells
      might amplify sound-induced oscillations in the inner ear and thus increase
      sensitivity and frequency selectivity of hearing.

PMID- 3689415
TI  - Biological screening of monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - A method was developed to screen hybridomas secreting immunoglobulin to cell
      surface receptors by observing the ability of antibodies to inhibit cell
      attachment and survival. The model used to develop the screening procedure
      involved mouse hybridomas secreting monoclonal IgG to human epidermal growth
      factor (EGF) receptors. Conditioned medium from these hybridomas inhibited the
      attachment and subsequent growth of human foreskin fibroblasts unless excess EGF
      was added to the cultures. This procedure allows for the selection of hybridomas
      producing increased levels of immunoglobulin.

PMID- 3689416
TI  - Estimation of intramitochondrial pCa and pH by fura-2 and 2,7 biscarboxyethyl
      5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) fluorescence.
AB  - Isolated heart mitochondria hydrolyze the acetoxymethyl esters of the Ca2+
      sensitive fluorescent probe fura-2 and the fluorescent pH indicator
      biscarboxyethyl-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF). The free acid forms of both
      probes are retained in the matrix and their fluorescence can be used to monitor
      the pCa and pH, respectively, of this compartment. When fura-2 loaded rat heart
      myocytes are lysed with digitonin, a portion of the dye is retained in the
      mitochondrial fraction and its fluorescence reports the uptake and release of
      Ca2+ by the mitochondria. It is concluded that fura-2 and BCECF may report
      mitochondrial as well as cytosol parameters when the probes are used in intact
      cells.

PMID- 3689417
TI  - Purification of cytochrome b558 from bovine polymorphonuclear neutrophils.
AB  - A 110 fold purification of cytochrome b558 from resting bovine neutrophils has
      been achieved. The plasma membrane bound cytochrome b was extracted with
      aminoxide WS35, a non ionic detergent. The purification procedure included liquid
      column chromatography on CM-C50 Sephadex, chromatofocusing on the anion exchanger
      PBE94, and gel filtration on P30 Biogel. The purified preparation was
      characterized by an heme to protein (nmol/mg) ratio of 7.7. The isoelectric point
      of cytochrome b was at pH 6.5. Upon polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the
      presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate three bands corresponding to apparent Mr
      64,000, 56,000 and 20,000 were revealed by staining with Coomassie Blue.

PMID- 3689419
TI  - Cantharidin poisoning associated with specific binding site in liver.
AB  - Cantharidin, the potent vesicant and toxicant of blister beetles, was prepared as
      a radioligand to probe its mechanism of action. [3H]Cantharidin interacts in a
      saturable and specific manner with a binding site in mouse liver cytosol with
      apparent Kd and Bmax values of 30 nM and 1.8 pmol/mg protein, respectively.
      Comparisons of cantharidic acid, the related herbicide endothal, and 20 other
      oxabicycloheptane-dicarboxylic acids show that their potency as inhibitors of
      [3H]cantharidin binding is closely correlated with their intraperitoneal toxicity
      to mice. This binding site is also inhibited in vivo by toxic doses of
      cantharidin. The [3H]cantharidin binding site in mouse liver cytosol therefore
      represents, or serves as a model for, the site of toxic action of cantharidin and
      structurally-related compounds.

PMID- 3689418
TI  - 3-Methylindole inhibits lipid peroxidation.
AB  - The mechanism of pneumotoxicity of 3-methylindole has been postulated to occur
      via protein alkylation or lipid peroxidation. This report describes the effects
      of the addition of 3-methylindole to goat lung microsomes to evaluate the
      possibility that this xenobiotic may increase NADPH-supported lipid peroxidation.
      Concentrations of malondialdehyde were measured as an index of lipid
      peroxidation. Instead of a stimulation of lipid peroxidation by 3-methylindole, a
      complete inhibition of lipid peroxidation was produced by concentrations of 3
      methylindole as low as 10 microM. The addition of 3-methylindole to actively
      peroxidizing microsomes (NADPH-supported) caused an immediate cessation of
      malondialdehyde production. These results demonstrate that 3-methylindole
      pneumotoxicity does not proceed by a mechanism of lipid peroxidation, but in
      fact, this molecule may act as an effective antioxidant to prevent lipid
      peroxidation in pulmonary tissue.

PMID- 3689421
TI  - Hexachlorobenzene-induced oxygen activation by mouse liver microsomes: comparison
      with phenobarbitone and 20-methylcholanthrene.

PMID- 3689420
TI  - The sugar-specific adhesion/deadhesion apparatus of the marine bacterium Vibrio
      furnissii is a sensorium that continuously monitors nutrient levels in the
      environment.
AB  - Our earlier studies on cell adhesion to immobilized carbohydrates are extended
      here to a marine bacterium, Vibrio furnissii. Apparently one lectin mediates the
      binding of these cells to glycosides of N-acetylglucosamine, mannose, and glucose
      covalently linked to Agarose beads. Kinetic studies show that protein synthesis
      is required for initiating and for maintaining adhesion to the glycosides.
      Furthermore, a pro- mutant binds to GlcNAc-beads at Pro concentrations
      insufficient to support cell growth. Expression of the functional lectin
      therefore predominates under conditions of limiting protein synthesis. Thus,
      cells adhere to the sugars in an environment compatible with protein synthesis,
      and deadhere when depleted of any required nutrient, presumably to migrate to a
      more favorable locale. The adhesion-deadhesion apparatus thereby permits constant
      monitoring of the surrounding environment, comprising a "nutrient sensorium".

PMID- 3689422
TI  - Glutathione as a scavenger of free hemin. A mechanism of preventing red cell
      membrane damage.
AB  - The interaction of glutathione and hemin was studied at physiological ionic
      strength and pH conditions. Formation of a glutathione-hemin complex was assessed
      from the appearance of spectral changes in the visible region. In the presence of
      excess cyanide and histidine and upon oxidation of the sulfhydryl group, no
      complex was formed. From these results it was concluded that the thiol group of
      glutathione serves as a ligand for the heme iron. A binding constant of 3.1(+/-
      0.1) x 10(4) M-1 was calculated by use of a Hill plot. The hemolytic effect of
      hemin on red cell was much reduced in the presence of glutathione. Since
      hemolysis results from association of hemin with membrane components its binding
      in the presence and absence of glutathione was studied. It was found that the
      affinity of hemin for the cytoskeletal membrane proteins as well as for the
      membrane lipid core was decreased in the presence of glutathione. It was
      concluded that glutathione competes with the membranes for hemin and by doing so
      can defend the membrane from injury by hemin.

PMID- 3689424
TI  - Effect of poly rI:rC treatment upon the metabolism of [14C]-paracetamol in the
      BALB/cJ mouse.
AB  - The effect of the immunomodulator, poly rI:rC, upon the in vivo metabolism of
      [14C]-paracetamol has been investigated in male BALB/cJ mice. In both poly rI:rC
      treated and control groups of mice the major part of the dose was excreted in the
      0-24 hr urine and the major urinary metabolites were the glucuronic acid and
      sulphate conjugates. The urinary excretion of these two conjugates and of free
      paracetamol was not significantly altered following poly rI:rC treatment.
      Following enzymic hydrolysis of glucuronides and sulphates, the 3-cysteine, 3
      mercapturate, 3-thiomethyl and 3-methylsulphoxide metabolites of paracetamol were
      all identified in the 0-24 hr urine together with very small amounts of 3-methoxy
      paracetamol. Although poly rI:rC treatment reduced the proportional urinary
      excretion of each of the thio adducts the individual differences were not
      significant. However, total thio adduct excretion, an indirect estimate of the
      metabolic activation of paracetamol, was significantly lower following poly rI:rC
      treatment. This depression in the urinary excretion of thio adducts following
      poly rI:rC treatment is discussed in relation to possible implications for
      paracetamol toxicity.

PMID- 3689423
TI  - Treatment of schistosomiasis by purine nucleoside analogues in combination with
      nucleoside transport inhibitors.
AB  - In contrast to their effects on mammalian cells, the nucleoside transport
      inhibitors nitrobenzylthioinosine 5'-monophosphate (NBMPR-P) dilazep,
      benzylacyclouridine (BAU), and to a lesser extent, dipyridamole have no
      significant effect on the in vitro uptake of adenosine analogues by Schistosoma
      mansoni [el Kouni and Cha, Biochem. Pharmac. 36, 1099 (1987)]. Coadministration
      of either NMBPR-P or dilazep with potentially lethal doses of tubercidin (7
      deazaadenosine), nebularine or 9-deazaadenosine protected mice from the toxicity
      of these adenosine analogues. Dipyridamole caused partial protection, whereas BAU
      did not protect the animals from this toxicity. Toyocamycin caused delayed
      mortality (after 16 weeks) which could not be prevented by coadministration of
      NBMPR-P. In S. mansoni infected mice, treated with the combination of NBMPR-P and
      9-deazaadenosine was not effective against the parasite. On the other hand, the
      combinations of NBMPR-P or dilazep with either tubercidin or nebularine were
      highly toxic to the parasite but not the host. Combination therapy caused a
      marked reduction in the number of pairing of worms. Effectiveness of combination
      therapy could also be noted by a drastic decrease in the number of eggs in the
      liver and small intestine. All eggs found were dead, indicating a direct effect
      on ovigenesis. Although dipyridamole was less effective than NBMPR-P or dilazep
      in protecting the host from the toxicity of tubercidin or nebularine, the
      combinations with dipyridamole produced similar significant therapeutic effects
      in animals that survived. Mice receiving the combination of tubercidin (or
      nebularine) plus NBMPR-P or dilazep, as well as those that survived the
      combination with dipyridamole, appeared healthy and were found to have normal
      size livers and spleens. These results suggest that highly selective toxicity
      against schistosomes can be achieved by coadministration of various nucleoside
      transport inhibitors with adenosine analogues.

PMID- 3689425
TI  - Mitogenic response of rat lung to endotoxin exposure.
AB  - Adult rats exposed to hyperoxia are protected from lung injury by treatment with
      bacterial endotoxin. Experiments were undertaken to determine whether endotoxin
      treatment produces a mitogenic effect on the lung. Endotoxin treatment caused a
      significant (P less than .05) loss of body weight (8%) in rats exposed to either
      air or greater than 95% O2 for 24 hr. Therefore, experiments were also undertaken
      in which both saline- and endotoxin-treated rats were starved for the duration of
      the experiments to make equal any nutritional imbalance. The rate of DNA
      synthesis in lung slices from fed rats treated with endotoxin did not differ from
      that of saline-treated controls. In contrast, lung DNA synthesis in starved rats
      treated with endotoxin increased 50%. The effect of endotoxin treatment was
      similar in rats breathing air or greater than 95% O2, and lung protein synthesis
      generally paralleled lung DNA synthesis. These results indicate that endotoxin
      does exert a mitogenic effect on the lung and this effect can be masked by the
      nutritional imbalance resulting from endotoxin administration.

PMID- 3689426
TI  - Effects of poly I: poly C on rat pulmonary and hepatic cytochromes P-450 and b5.
AB  - Interferon inducing agents such as poly I:poly C have been shown to reduce the
      hepatic hemoproteins cytochromes P-450 and b5 along with the associated
      monooxygenase activities [el Azhary and Mannering, Molec. Pharmac. 15, 698
      (1979)]. In a previous study [Kikkawa et al., Lab. Invest. 50, 62 (1984)], we
      demonstrated that the interferon inducing agent poly I:poly C reduces pulmonary
      microsomal hemoprotein by 50% when administered to rats. The current
      investigation was conducted to characterize these changes in more detail and
      compare them to analogous changes in the liver. Compared to controls, cytochrome
      P-450 in both the lungs and livers of poly I:poly C treated rats declined by 40%
      at 24 hr and 55% at 48 hr (P less than 0.01). By 72 hr the decline was only 25%.
      In contrast, cytochrome b5 levels declined by less than 30% of control values
      during the first 48 hr following poly I:poly C injection (P less than 0.01) and
      returned to control levels by 72 hr. These changes in both cytochrome P-450 and
      b5 were reflected in decreases in pulmonary microsomal hemoprotein. Benzphetamine
      N-demethylase activity declined by 45% in lung microsomes at 48 hr (P less than
      0.01) after injection of poly I:poly C, while 7-ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase (P
      less than 0.05) and 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activities declined by
      approximately 41%. In the liver from these same poly I:poly C treated groups,
      benzphetamine-N-demethylase declined by 66% (P less than 0.05), while 7
      ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase and 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activities
      declined by 60% (P less than 0.02 and P less than 0.05 respectively).

PMID- 3689427
TI  - Role of glutathione reductase during menadione-induced NADPH oxidation in
      isolated rat hepatocytes.
AB  - Metabolism of menadione (2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) results in the rapid
      oxidation of NADPH within isolated rat hepatocytes. The glutathione redox cycle
      is thought to play a major role in the consumption of NADPH during menadione
      metabolism, chiefly through glutathione reductase (GSSG-reductase). This enzyme
      reduces oxidized glutathione (GSSG), formed via the glutathione-peroxidase
      reaction, with the concomitant oxidation of NADPH. To explore the relationship
      between GSSG-reductase and the consumption of NADPH during menadione metabolism,
      isolated rat hepatocyte suspensions were exposed to non-lethal and lethal
      menadione concentrations (100 and 300 microM respectively) following the
      inhibition of GSSG-reductase with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU).
      Menadione produced a concentration-related depletion of GSH (measured as non
      protein sulfhydryl content) which was potentiated markedly by BCNU. Menadione
      toxicity was potentiated at either concentration by BCNU based on lactate
      dehydrogenase leakage at 2 hr. In addition, the NADPH content of isolated
      hepatocytes rapidly declined following exposure to either concentration of
      menadione. However, at the lower menadione concentration (100 microM), the NADPH
      content returned to control values or above by 60 min, whereas the NADPH content
      of cells exposed to 300 microM menadione with or without BCNU remained depressed
      for the duration of the incubation. These data suggest that, although NADPH is
      required by GSSG-reductase for the reduction of GSSG to GSH during quinone
      induced oxidative stress, this pathway does not appear to be the major route by
      which NADPH is consumed during the metabolism of menadione in isolated
      hepatocytes.

PMID- 3689428
TI  - Drug-metabolizing enzymes in rat, mouse, pig and human macrophages and the effect
      of phagocytic activation.
AB  - Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity mediated by cytochrome P-450 is
      present in pig hepatic microsomes [10 nmol.3 mg protein-1.hr-1]. AHH activity was
      detectable in both hepatocytes and Kupffer cells isolated from pig liver biopsy
      material. These cells were isolated from needle or wedge biopsy material by
      collagenase perfusion and incubation with collagenase at 37 degrees. The two cell
      types were separated from the resulting cell suspension as previously described
      for whole liver. Kupffer cells were enriched by adherence and were cultured for
      24 hr prior to harvesting. Cells were harvested, and cell viability was
      determined. AHH activity was assayed in Kupffer cell and hepatocyte homogenates.
      Kupffer cell AHH activity was approximately one-eighth the level detected in
      hepatocytes. To determine whether this enzyme was present in other macrophages,
      monocytes were isolated from 10 ml of heparinized peripheral blood using Ficoll
      Hypaque and were enriched by adherence. After 24 hr in culture, cell viability
      was assessed and monocytes were identified by by cytochemical staining. AHH
      activity was detectable in pig monocyte homogenates, and the AHH level was
      similar to that in pig Kupffer cells. AHH was also easily detectable in human
      monocytes. This macrophage AHH activity was compared with AHH activity in rat
      monocytes, mouse Kupffer cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages. Monocyte AHH was
      relatively stable in cell culture but decreased rapidly upon storage at -70
      degrees. Macrophage AHH activity was depressed following phagocytic activation in
      vitro by latex beads with a concomitant increase in heme oxygenase activity.

PMID- 3689429
TI  - Glucose kinetics during acute and chronic treatment of rats with 2[6(4-chloro
      phenoxy)hexyl]oxirane-2-carboxylate, etomoxir.
AB  - (1) The effects of 2[6(4-chlorophenoxy)hexyl]oxirane-2-carboxylate (etomoxir), a
      candidate antiketonaemic and antidiabetic drug, on glucose turnover and recycling
      of glucose carbon in rats were determined using [3-3H, U-14C]glucose. (2)
      Etomoxir (Na salt) was infused continuously at a rate of 2 mg/hr in fasted male
      Wistar ab Boots rats (250-280 g) that had been maintained on a standard diet, or
      on a diet containing 0.1% of etomoxir for 10 days. (3) In rats treated acutely
      with etomoxir, plasma glucose concentrations were decreased by about 1 mM,
      glucose turnover was decreased by 14%, and recycling of glucose carbon by 30%
      compared with the controls infused with 0.14 M NaCl. (4) Infusion of etomoxir in
      rats chronically pretreated with etomoxir had little effect on plasma glucose
      concentrations, but increased glucose turnover and recycling of glucose carbon by
      40%. (5) Acute infusion of etomoxir caused dramatic lowering of blood 3
      hydroxybutyrate concentrations from 1 mM to about 0.03 mM with little change in
      other intermediary metabolites. (6) In rats chronically fed etomoxir, the
      proportion of pyruvate dehydrogenase in quadriceps muscle in the active form was
      31% compared with 15% in the controls. (7) It was concluded that etomoxir in the
      acute dose given had only moderate effects on glucose turnover and that chronic
      administration of etomoxir caused increased glucose turnover and glucose
      recycling in the rat.

PMID- 3689430
TI  - Carboxylesterases in guinea-pig plasma and liver. Tissue specific reactivation by
      diacetylmonoxime after soman inhibition in vitro.
AB  - The carboxylesterase activity in both plasma and liver of guinea-pig were
      separated into three main peaks by chromatofocusing. Two of the three plasma
      enzymes were retained by affinity chromatography on Affi-Gel Blue (100-200 mesh).
      Isoelectric points determined by chromatofocusing or isoelectrofocusing were pI
      6.1, pI 5.2 and pI 4.0 for the plasma enzymes, and pI 5.7, pI 5.2 and pI 4.5 for
      the liver enzymes. The effect of selective esterase inhibitors, soman,
      physostigmine (cholinesterase inhibitor) and bis-4-nitrophenyl phosphate
      (carboxylesterase inhibitor), suggested that the three enzymes in both tissues
      may be regarded as carboxylesterases. However, the pI 5.7 carboxylesterase was
      partially inhibited by physostigmine, and the pI 4.5 carboxylesterase was almost
      not affected by bis-4-nitrophenyl phosphate. The ratio between the activities
      towards 4-nitrophenyl butyrate and methyl butyrate differed among the
      carboxylesterases in both tissues. All three carboxylesterases in plasma were
      partially reactivated by diacetylmonoxime after soman inhibition in vitro, but to
      a different extent. The soman inhibited liver carboxylesterases were not
      reactivated by diacetylmonoxime.

PMID- 3689431
TI  - Characteristics of acetaldehyde metabolism in isolated dog, rat and guinea-pig
      kidney tubules.
AB  - The metabolism of acetaldehyde was studied in isolated dog, rat and guinea-pig
      kidney-cortex tubules. In contrast with previous observations of Cederbaum and
      Rubin in rat kidney mitochondria (Archs Biochem. Biophys. 179, 46-66 1977)
      acetaldehyde was found to be metabolized by the tubules at high rates and in a
      dose-dependent manner at concentrations up to 5-10 mM. At high acetaldehyde
      concentrations (1-10 mM) acetaldehyde removal was accompanied by a high rate of
      acetate accumulation which explained most of the acetaldehyde metabolized in dog
      and guinea-pig but not in rat kidney tubules. These species differences in
      acetaldehyde metabolism can be explained by the differences in activities of
      aldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.3) and acetyl-CoA synthetase (EC6.2.1.1), the
      enzymes involved in renal acetaldehyde metabolism which were measured in the
      renal cortex of the three species. The acetaldehyde carbon removed and not
      accounted for by acetate accumulation was completely oxidized to CO2 as
      demonstrated by the measurement of [U-14C]-acetaldehyde conversion into 14CO2. At
      "physiological" acetaldehyde concentrations (0.1 and 0.2 mM) acetaldehyde
      utilization was also concentration-dependent but no acetate accumulation was
      observed.

PMID- 3689432
TI  - Stimulatory effect of zinc on bone formation in tissue culture.
AB  - The present investigation was undertaken to clarify the in vitro effect of zinc
      on bone metabolism in tissue culture. Calvaria were removed from weanling rats (3
      week-old males) and cultured for periods up to 96 hr in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle
      Medium (high glucose, 4500 mg/dl) supplemented with antibiotics and bovine serum
      albumin. The experimental cultures contained 10(-7) to 10(-3) M zinc sulfate. All
      cultures were incubated at 37 degrees in 5% CO2/95% air. Zinc uptake by bone was
      increased significantly in cultures with concentrations of zinc greater than 10(
      6) M. Bone calcium content was increased significantly by the presence of 10(-4)
      M zinc. This increase was blocked by the presence of 10(-6) M cycloheximide. Bone
      alkaline phosphatase activity was elevated in the presence of zinc (10(-6) to 10(
      3) M), but the effect was inhibited by 10(-7) M cycloheximide or 10(-8) M
      actinomycin D. Zinc (10(-4) M) also significantly increased ATPase activity in
      the bone, whereas it did not alter significantly by pyrophosphatase, acid
      phosphatase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activities. Furthermore, bone
      collagen content was raised by 10(-6) to 10(-4) M zinc. This elevation was
      prevented by 10(-7) cycloheximide or 10(-8) M actinomycin D. Bone DNA content and
      [3H]thymidine incorporation by the bone were not altered significantly by 10(-4)
      M zinc. These findings indicate that the zinc had a direct stimulatory effect on
      bone mineralization in vitro, and that bone protein synthesis was a necessary
      component of this response. Zinc may stimulate bone formation in tissue culture.

PMID- 3689433
TI  - The polymorphic expression of neutral glutathione S-transferase in human
      mononuclear leucocytes as measured by specific radioimmunoassay.

PMID- 3689434
TI  - Effect of age on the sinusoidal release of hepatic glutathione from the perfused
      rat liver.

PMID- 3689435
TI  - Na+-independent, pyridine nucleotide-linked efflux of Ca2+ from preloaded rat
      heart mitochondria: induction by chlortetracycline.

PMID- 3689436
TI  - Biochemical characterization of the antagonist actions of the xanthines, PACPX
      (1,3-dipropyl-8(2-amino-4-chloro)phenylxanthine) and 8-PT (8-phenyltheophylline)
      at adenosine A1 and A2 receptors in rat brain tissue.

PMID- 3689437
TI  - In vivo protection by protein A of hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase
      system of CCl4-administered rats.
AB  - The in vivo protection by protein A of hepatic mixed function oxidase system of
      carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administered rats, has been investigated in the
      present communication. Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity was decreased by 63%
      in CCl4 administered rats while in protein A + CCl4 administered rats the
      decrease was in the range of 22-25% (group IV-V). The aryl hydrocarbon
      hydroxylase activity in protein A + CCl4 administered rats showed significant
      increase in group IV (P less than 0.005) and group V (P less than 0.001) in
      comparison to CCl4 alone (group II). Similarly, aniline hydroxylase and
      aminopyrene N-demethylase were decreased, by 75 and 84% respectively in CCl4
      administered rats and 31% and 54-64%, respectively in protein A + CCl4
      administered rats (groups IV and V). The aniline hydroxylase activity was also
      found enhanced in protein A + CCl4 administered group IV and V (P less than
      0.001). In addition the aminopyrene N-demethylase also showed significant
      increase in its activity in group IV (P less than 0.001) and group V (P less than
      0.001) in comparison to CCl4 alone. In accordance with these data, serum glutamic
      oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase exhibited
      significantly less increase in their activity in animals receiving protein A and
      CCl4 than those treated with CCl4 alone. Protein A alone was found to have no
      effect on any of these enzymes. Our results indicate that protein A protects CCl4
      induced injury as judged by the biochemical alterations and suggests that it may
      be useful in providing an excellent system for the investigation on the
      regeneration of the hepatic enzyme activity following toxic insult of CCl4.

PMID- 3689438
TI  - Effects of taurocholic acid/HCl alone or after pretreatment with
      geranylgeranylacetone on phospholipid metabolism in rat gastric mucosa.
AB  - Changes in phospholipid metabolism in gastric mucosa caused by instillation of
      taurocholic acid (TCA)/HCl (80 mM/300 mM) into the stomach of rats and the
      effects of pretreatment with an antiulcer agent, geranylgeranylacetone (GGA),
      were studied after intravenous injection of radioisotope-labeled precursors. The
      instillation of TCA/HCl rapidly reduced the incorporation of labeled fatty acids
      and glycerol into phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, indicating
      the inhibition of de novo synthesis of phospholipids. These changes were restored
      by 120-150 min after the TCA/HCl treatment. Pretreatment with GGA enhanced the
      incorporation of precursors into phosphatidylcholine immediately after the
      instillation of TCA/HCl. Experiments in which the mucosal lipids were labeled
      with fatty acids prior to the instillation of TCA/HCl showed that the degradation
      of cellular lipids and release of the products into the gastric lumen were
      induced by TCA/HCl and that these changes were not prevented by GGA. Since GGA
      almost completely inhibited the gastric lesions induced by TCA/HCl, the
      enhancement of synthesis of mucosal phosphatidylcholine induced by GGA may be
      involved in the prevention of gastric damage. The incorporation of labeled fatty
      acids into free fatty acid fraction and diacylglycerol was increased quickly by
      the TCA/HCl treatment, suggesting early damage to the blood vessels of the
      gastric mucosa; these changes were inhibited significantly by GGA.

PMID- 3689439
TI  - Different agonist binding properties of M1 and M2 muscarinic receptors in calf
      brain cortex membranes.
AB  - The muscarinic antagonist 1-[benzilic 4,4'-3H]-quinuclidinyl benzilate [3H]-QNB)
      bound to a single class of non-cooperative sites in calf cerebral cortex
      membranes (KD = 0.29 nM and Bmax = 1.06 pM/mg protein). Computer-assisted
      analysis of the shallow pirenzepine/[3H]-QNB competition binding curves indicated
      that 68% of these sites were of the M1-subtype and the remaining 32% of the M2
      subtype. Respective Ki-values for pirenzepine were 27 nM and 1.14 microM. Binding
      characteristics of the antagonist atropine and of the agonist carbachol for M2
      were evaluated by performing competition binding with 0.5 nM [3H]-QNB in the
      presence of 2 microM pirenzepine. The binding characteristics for the M1
      receptors were obtained indirectly by subtracting the curve for M2 from the total
      curve, or directly by competition binding with 0.3 nM [3H]-pirenzepine. Atropine
      competition curves were steep for M1 and M2 and were not affected by 1 mM GTP nor
      by 1 mM N-ethylmaleimide. The carbachol competition curve was shallow for M2. The
      steep curves for M1 indicate that this receptor subclass was only composed of low
      agonist affinity sites. GTP, which caused a rightward shift and a steepening of
      the carbachol competition curve for M2, did not affect the curves for M1. N
      ethylmaleimide provoked a leftward shift and a steepening of the carbachol
      competition curve for M2 and abolished GTP modulation. A leftward shift was also
      observed for M1, but of a smaller magnitude (i.e. 3-4-fold for M1 compared to 17
      fold for M2). These data suggest that, in calf brain cortex, M1 and M2 receptors
      show different susceptibility towards GTP and N-ethylmaleimide modulation.

PMID- 3689441
TI  - Physical partitioning as the major source of metoprolol uptake by hepatic
      microsomes.

PMID- 3689440
TI  - Enzymatic basis of the debrisoquine/sparteine-type genetic polymorphism of drug
      oxidation. Characterization of bufuralol 1'-hydroxylation in liver microsomes of
      in vivo phenotyped carriers of the genetic deficiency.
AB  - The genetically controlled polymorphic oxidation of debrisoquine and sparteine is
      caused by the absence or functional deficiency of a cytochrome P-450 isozyme. In
      order to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the differences in cytochrome P-450
      function we have studied the 1'-hydroxylation of the prototype drug bufuralol in
      human liver microsomes of individuals phenotyped in vivo as extensive
      metabolizers (EM, N = 10), poor metabolizers (PM, N = 5) and in subjects with an
      intermediate rate of metabolism (IM, N = 4). PM- as compared to EM-microsomes
      were characterized by a decreased Vmax for (+)-bufuralol 1'-hydroxylation (7.51
      +/- 2.03 nmol X mg-1 X hr-1 vs 11.95 +/- 4.80 nmol X mg-1 X hr-1) but not for (-)
      bufuralol 1'-hydroxylation (4.72 +/- 0.87 nmol X mg-1 X hr-1 vs 5.55 +/- 1.49
      nmol X mg-1 X hr-1). The apparent Km for (+)-bufuralol 1'-hydroxylation was
      increased in PM microsomes (118 +/- 84.9 microM vs 17.9 +/- 6.30 microM).
      Inhibition of bufuralol 1'-hydroxylation by quinidine was biphasic in EM
      microsomes, providing further support for the involvement of at least two
      cytochrome P-450 isozymes. Quinidine acted as a competitive inhibitor of only the
      high affinity/stereoselectivity component of the reaction. Our data suggest that
      the debrisoquine/sparteine type of oxidation polymorphism is caused by an almost
      complete loss of a minor cytochrome P-450 isozyme which has a high affinity and
      stereoselectivity for (+)-bufuralol and a high sensitivity to inhibition by
      quinidine.

PMID- 3689442
TI  - 32P-post-labelling analysis of DNA adducts formed by antitumor 1-nitro-9
      aminoacridines with DNA of HeLa S3 cells.

PMID- 3689443
TI  - Studies on N-demethylation of methamphetamine by means of purified guinea-pig
      liver flavin-containing monooxygenase.

PMID- 3689444
TI  - Effect of allopurinol on the first-pass metabolism of 6-mercaptopurine in the
      rat.

PMID- 3689445
TI  - Glutathione-mediated activation of anticancer platinum(IV) complexes.

PMID- 3689446
TI  - Binding of protein kinase C to napthalenesulfonamide- and phenothiazine-agarose
      columns: evidence for direct interactions between protein kinase C and cationic
      amphiphilic inhibitors of the enzyme.

PMID- 3689447
TI  - Cytotoxic activity of cyclic peptides of marine origin and their derivatives:
      importance of oxazoline functions.

PMID- 3689448
TI  - Nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-difluoroethylene in the
      rat. Indications for differential mechanisms of bioactivation.
AB  - 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-difluoroethylene (DCDFE) produced marked nephrotoxicity in rats
      upon an i.p. dose of 150 mumole/kg. At doses higher than 375 mumole/kg, DCDFE
      also produced hepatotoxicity. Aminooxyacetic acid, an inhibitor of cysteine
      conjugate beta-lyase, appeared to be slightly nephrotoxic in Wistar rats.
      Nevertheless it exerted an inhibitory effect on the nephrotoxicity of DCDFE. The
      N-acetylcysteine conjugate of DCDFE was identified as a major urinary metabolite
      of DCDFE. When administered as such, this conjugate appeared to be a potent
      nephrotoxin, without any effect on the liver, indicating that glutathione
      conjugation of DCDFE is most likely a bioactivation step for nephrotoxicity. The
      appearance of traces of chlorodifluoroacetic acid in urine of rats treated with
      higher doses of DCDFE indicates the existence of an oxidative pathway of
      metabolism of DCDFE, probably involving epoxidation by hepatic mixed-function
      oxidases. It is speculated that the latter route might account for the
      hepatotoxicity at higher doses of DCDFE. The nephro- and hepatotoxicity of DCDFE,
      therefore, most likely are the result of two different mechanisms of
      bioactivation.

PMID- 3689449
TI  - Ionization state of amiodarone mediates its mode of interaction with lipid
      bilayers.
AB  - Amiodarone is a potent antianginal and antiarrhythmic drug which affects the
      lipid dynamics. The influence of amiodarone ionization on the lipid transition
      temperature and enthalpy associated to the liquid crystalline to gel state
      transition was studied in multilamellar vesicles (MLV) of
      dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) by differential scanning measurements (DSC)
      at different pH. These data were correlated with the calculated number of charged
      amiodarone molecules inserted into the lipid vesicles. The procedure of
      calculation requires the knowledge of the intrinsic ionization constant of
      amiodarone and the area occupied per amiodarone molecule in the close packed
      state; it can be applied successfully to water insoluble amphiphilic molecules.
      Only the ionized form of amiodarone molecule destabilizes the lipid matrix
      organisation whereas no effect was observed with the uncharged form. This
      destabilizing effect could be explained in terms of a modification of the drug
      structure induced by its ionization state or in terms of its distribution in the
      lipid matrix, as an isolated molecule or assembled in clusters depending on its
      ionization state.

PMID- 3689450
TI  - Propranolol inhibition of the neutral phospholipases A of rat heart mitochondria,
      sarcoplasmic reticulum and cytosol.
AB  - Membrane damage caused by phospholipase A action is thought to be an important
      factor in ischemic myocardial injury. Propranolol has been shown previously to
      have beneficial effects in both animal experiments and clinical trials, and it
      has membrane-stabilizing properties in vitro. To investigate the possibility that
      these effects might be due, in part, to effects on phospholipases, we determined
      the effects of propranolol on rat heart phospholipases A at physiological pH
      using small unilamellar liposomes of di[1-14C]oleoylphosphatidylcholine as
      substrate. Propranolol inhibited heart phospholipases A in vitro. The
      concentration required to give 50% inhibition was 0.2 mM for the mitochondrial
      and cytosolic phospholipases A and 2.9 mM for sarcoplasmic reticulum
      phospholipase A. The binding of [4-3H]propranolol to fresh membrane preparations
      was studied using an ultracentrifugation method. Propranolol bound readily to
      both membrane fractions in vitro with no significant difference in the saturation
      number (0.20 to 0.28 mol drug per mol phospholipid) but the association constant,
      KA, was higher for mitochondrial membranes (3760 +/- 350) than for the
      sarcoplasmic reticulum (2190 +/- 390). Our results show that propranolol
      inhibited heart phospholipases A in vitro at physiological pH. The mitochondrial
      and cytosolic phospholipases A were more susceptible to inhibition than the
      phospholipase A of sarcoplasmic reticulum. Propranolol bound to mitochondria and
      sarcoplasmic reticulum in vitro, suggesting the possibility that propranolol
      binding to heart membranes in vivo could result in drug concentrations in these
      membranes high enough to inhibit phospholipase A. This could represent an
      additional mechanism by which propranolol exerts beneficial effects in myocardial
      ischemia.

PMID- 3689451
TI  - Characterization of [3H]Ro 5-4864 binding to calmodulin using a rapid filtration
      technique.
AB  - The benzodiazepine [3H]Ro 5-4864 bound specifically and saturably to an
      apparently homogenous, univalent species of binding site on the calmodulin
      molecule with an associated equilibrium dissociation rate constant (Kd) of 644 +/
      121 nM. The rates of association (K1) and dissociation (K-1) governing this
      interaction were estimated to be 7.66 x 10(3) M-1 sec-1 and 2.9 x 10(-3) sec-1,
      respectively, yielding a non-equilibrium determination of the Kd to be 379 nM.
      Such binding of [3H]Ro 5-4864 was protein-, pH-, and temperature-dependent and
      demonstrated pharmacological selectivity. Only benzodiazepine compounds
      (chlordiazepoxide, diazepam and Ro 5-4864) inhibited [3H]Ro 5-4864 binding to
      calmodulin with inhibitory equilibrium dissociation constants (Ki) less than 10
      microM. The benzodiazepine compounds Ro 15-1788 and flunitrazepam did not
      displace [3H]Ro 5-4864 binding to calmodulin nor did a number of
      pharmacologically active non-benzodiazepine compounds (Ki values greater than 10
      microM). Consideration of the stoichiometry yielded an approximate mole ratio of
      0.90:1.0 (Ro 5-4864: calmodulin), suggesting that there is one binding site for
      Ro 5-4864 per molecule of calmodulin. The data reveal that the binding of [3H]Ro
      5-4864 to calmodulin fulfills the major criteria of a ligand binding to a
      receptor. Such an interaction may underlie some of the pharmacological actions of
      Ro 5-4864-like compounds.

PMID- 3689452
TI  - Induction of cytochrome P-450 and related drug-oxidizing activities in muscone (3
      methylcyclopentadecanone)-treated rats.
AB  - In the present study, we investigated the effects of muscone on both in vitro and
      in vivo parameters of the hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme system and
      other enzyme activities in rats. In the in vivo study, the serum dimethadione
      (DMO)/trimethadione (TMO) ratios at 2 hr after oral administration of TMO (100
      mg/kg) were significantly increased in both male and female rats treated with 75
      and 150 but not 40 mg muscone/kg. Antipyrine metabolite profile in 24 hr urine of
      rats pretreated with muscone (150 mg/kg) was examined. The results showed that
      the excretion of norantipyrine was significantly increased as compared to the
      control group. In the in vitro study, we found that the content of cytochrome P
      450, and activities of aminopyrine, N-demethylase, aniline hydroxylase and delta
      aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthetase were significantly increased as compared to
      the controls in both male and female rats treated with muscone (75 and 150
      mg/kg). This type of induction of the hepatic metabolizing enzymes was similar to
      that seen after treatment with a prototype drug, phenobarbital.

PMID- 3689453
TI  - Influence of bromocriptine on free amino acids in the kidneys and heart of the
      rat.
AB  - The effects of bromocriptine, sulpiride or their combination on free amino acids
      in the kidneys and the heart after acute and chronic treatment of rats were
      investigated, using an automatic LKB Amino Acid Analyzer. Bromocriptine at a
      single dose of 4 or 10 mg/kg (i.p.) did not affect the level of any amino acid;
      however, at a dose of 20 mg/kg it significantly elevated the content of taurine
      in the kidney from 7.00 +/- 0.30 to 9.70 +/- 0.1 and in the heart from 22.9 +/-
      1.7 to 30 +/- 1.2 mumol/g wet tissue (P less than 0.05, N = 7). It also increased
      glutamic acid in the heart from 3 +/- 0.1 to 4.5 +/- 0.25 mumol/g wet tissue (P
      less than 0.05, N = 7). Chronic oral treatment of rats with bromocriptine (20
      mg.kg-1.day-1) for 5 weeks significantly elevated the level of taurine in the
      kidney from 7.2 +/- 0.3 (control) to 11.1 +/- 0.90 and in the heart from 23.1 +/-
      1.7 to 38.8 +/- 1.8 mumol/l g wet tissue. It also increased cardiac glutamic acid
      content from 3 +/- 0.1 to 4.8 +/- 0.24 mumol/g wet tissue (P less than 0.01, N =
      7). Concurrent administration of sulpiride (20 mg/kg) significantly suppressed
      bromocriptine-induced increases in taurine and glutamic acid in both organs,
      suggesting an activation of D2 receptors by bromocriptine. Due to the
      similarities between bromocriptine and the affected amino acids in renal and
      cardiac actions, it is suggested that mobilization of taurine and glutamic acid
      may at least in part contribute towards bromocriptine-induced renal and cardiac
      actions.

PMID- 3689455
TI  - Effects of intravenous emulsified perfluorochemicals on hepatic cytochrome P-450.
AB  - Intravenous infusion of emulsified perfluorodecalin in rats caused a large
      increase in hepatic cytochrome P-450 concentration which persisted for many
      weeks. In contrast, hepatic cytochrome P-450 concentration was not changed
      significantly after infusion of perfluorotributylamine, but subsequent
      administration of phenobarbital caused the usual increase of cytochrome P-450.
      The cytochrome P-450 activity for demethylation of benzphetamine was decreased
      slightly after perfluorodecalin but was unchanged after perfluorotributylamine.
      The difference in the effects of these perfluorochemicals on hepatic cytochrome P
      450 may be related to the difference in the time these compounds are retained in
      the liver.

PMID- 3689454
TI  - Evaluation of inhibitors of fatty acid oxidation in rat myocytes.
AB  - The effects of 4-bromocrotonic acid, 2-bromopalmitic acid, 3-mercaptopropionic
      acid, 4-pentenoic acid, and 2-tetradecylglycidic acid on the oxidations of
      palmitate, octanoate, and pyruvate in adult rat myocytes were studied. Since all
      of these compounds inhibit the oxidation of palmitate but not of pyruvate, they
      are specific inhibitors of fatty acid oxidation. Fifty percent inhibition of
      palmitate oxidation was obtained when myocytes were preincubated for 10 min with
      one of the following: 0.1 microM 2-tetradecylglycidic acid, 60 microM 4
      bromocrotonic acid, 60 microM 2-bromopalmitic acid, 100 microM 3
      mercaptoproprionic acid, or 100 microM 4-pentenoic acid. Removal of the
      inhibitors from the medium after preincubation relieved the inhibition caused by
      3-mercaptopropionic acid but did not reverse the effects of the other inhibitors.
      This study leads to the conclusion that 2-tetradecylglycidic acid is the compound
      of choice for inhibiting the mitochondrial uptake of fatty acids and thereby
      their oxidation, whereas 4-bromocrotonic acid is the best irreversible inhibitor
      of the mitochondrial beta-oxidation cycle.

PMID- 3689456
TI  - In vivo metabolism of the cardiovascular toxin, allylamine.
AB  - Previous evidence from this laboratory demonstrated that allylamine, a known
      cardiovascular toxin, is metabolized in vitro to acrolein, which has been
      hypothesized to act as a distal toxin. In this study, 3-hydroxypropylmercapturic
      acid was isolated and identified by MS, NMR, and 2D-NMR spectroscopy as the sole
      urinary metabolite of allylamine metabolism in vivo. Parallel experiments showed
      reduced glutathione (GSH) depletion in several organs (most marked in aorta,
      blood, and lung), which is consistent with GSH conjugation of the proposed
      acrolein intermediate. These findings indicate that allylamine was metabolized in
      vivo to a highly reactive aldehyde which was converted to a mercapturic acid
      through a GSH conjugation pathway; the exact mechanisms of cellular damage remain
      unclear.

PMID- 3689457
TI  - Lack of inhibition of mouse catalase activity by cimetidine: an argument against
      a relevant general effect of cimetidine upon heme metabolic pathways.

PMID- 3689458
TI  - A new role for the ARA in guiding our destiny.

PMID- 3689459
TI  - Radiographic assessment of progression in osteoarthritis.
AB  - We evaluated methods of grading radiologic progression of osteoarthritis (OA).
      Sets of radiographs were assessed separately by 8 readers who were blinded to the
      time sequence. Included were radiographs of patients with OA of the hands (24
      pairs), hips (40 pairs), and knees (32 pairs). Most films were taken 12-60 months
      apart. The relative contribution of individual joints (such as particular
      interphalangeal joints), of observations (such as narrowing or spurs), and of a
      single joint compartment (such as the medial or lateral compartment of the knee)
      toward evidence of OA progression was evaluated, as well as the reliability and
      concordance of scoring, and the sensitivity in detecting change. In assessing OA
      of the hand, the greatest sensitivity was achieved by reading a single
      posteroanterior bilateral hand radiograph for narrowing, spurs, and erosions, and
      scoring 10 joints (second and third distal interphalangeal, second and third
      proximal interphalangeal, and trapeziometacarpal joints, bilaterally), using a
      scale of 0-3. In OA of the hip, a single anteroposterior radiograph assessed for
      joint space narrowing and cyst formation yielded the greatest sensitivity. In OA
      of the knee, an anteroposterior radiograph, with weight-bearing, assessed for
      narrowing, spurs, and sclerosis in both the medial and lateral compartments
      yielded the greatest sensitivity. These techniques will be useful to the
      investigator in designing experimental studies and to the clinician in
      determining the rate of disease progression in an individual patient.

PMID- 3689460
TI  - Subclinical lung inflammation in primary Sjogren's syndrome. Relationship between
      bronchoalveolar lavage cellular analysis findings and characteristics of the
      disease.
AB  - To directly evaluate whether a subclinical alveolar inflammation is associated
      with primary Sjogren's syndrome (SS), we evaluated the distribution of cells
      obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from the lower respiratory tract in 29
      patients who had primary SS, but who were free of clinical pulmonary symptoms and
      had normal findings on chest roentgenograms. There was no difference in total
      cell counts of specimens from patients versus those of controls. An abnormal
      differential cell count was noted in 16 patients (55%). Two patterns of
      alveolitis were observed: a pure lymphocyte alveolitis (greater than 18%
      lymphocytes, present in 11 patients) and a neutrophil alveolitis (greater than 4%
      neutrophils, present in 5 patients). There was associated lymphocytosis in 4 of
      the patients with neutrophil alveolitis. All patients had normal results on
      pulmonary function tests. Patients with abnormal BAL findings showed clinical and
      biologic indexes of more severe disease than did those with normal BAL results,
      as demonstrated by greater extraglandular extension of the disease, higher mean
      values of serum gamma globulins and serum beta2-microglobulin, and higher
      prevalence of rheumatoid factor and of antinuclear antibody. Thus, our data
      demonstrate that BAL permitted the detection of subclinical inflammatory
      alveolitis in 55% of our patients with primary SS. A long-term followup is
      required to determine whether these patients will develop obvious pulmonary
      involvement.

PMID- 3689461
TI  - Quantitation of retroviral gp70 antigen, autoantibodies, and immune complexes in
      extravascular space in arthritic MRL-lpr/lpr mice. Use of a subcutaneously
      implanted tissue cage model.
AB  - MRL-lpr/lpr (MRL/l) mice spontaneously develop a disease that is characterized by
      glomerulonephritis, diffuse vasculitis, and arthritis associated with high levels
      of autoantibodies that include IgG rheumatoid factor (RF). To define the
      immunopathogenic mechanisms that lead to the development of extravascular lesions
      such as arthritis, we implanted a tissue cage subcutaneously in arthritic MRL/l
      mice and compared components of the tissue cage fluid, which resembles the
      extravascular fluid, with those of sera. When compared with those of sera, tissue
      cage fluids from arthritic MRL/l mice had similar levels of RF and one-third the
      amount of C1q immune complexes. In contrast, anti-DNA activities in tissue cage
      fluids corresponded to only 10% of the serum activities and, most strikingly,
      nephritogenic retroviral gp70-anti-gp70 immune complexes were almost undetectable
      in tissue cage fluids. This was also the case for another strain of autoimmune
      mice, (New Zealand black X New Zealand white)F1 mice, although they did not
      produce RF. The absence of gp70 immune complexes in tissue cage fluids could be
      due to markedly limited diffusion of gp70 antigen in these fluids. These results
      strongly suggest that serum proteins, including autoantigen and autoantibodies,
      appear in extravascular fluid in a selective manner, depending on their size and
      charge. Their specific properties in sera or extravascular fluid could partly
      account for the different manifestations of vascular and extravascular lesions
      observed in autoimmune mice.

PMID- 3689462
TI  - Measuring disease activity: comparison of joint tenderness, swelling, and
      ultrasonography in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - In a prospective study of 6 patients with classic rheumatoid arthritis, we
      evaluated 3 measures of disease activity: comprehensive joint swelling and joint
      tenderness counts, and ultrasonography of joints. After baseline data were
      obtained on these 6 patients, therapy with fenbufen, a new nonsteroidal
      antiinflammatory drug, was begun. Followup examinations were performed at 4 weeks
      and 24 weeks after baseline. There were statistically significant differences
      between joint tenderness and joint swelling findings and between joint tenderness
      and joint ultrasonography findings (P less than 0.05 by kappa test statistic). In
      comparisons of joint swelling and ultrasonography, no difference was found (P
      greater than 0.05). When measures of changes over 6 months were compared, there
      was a high concordance between improvement in joint swelling and improvement in
      joint ultrasonography (P less than 0.01). Our results demonstrate that clinical
      assessment of joint swelling provides an accurate measure of synovial effusion,
      as confirmed by the more objective ultrasound measurements.

PMID- 3689464
TI  - A comparison of changes seen on radiographs of rheumatoid arthritis patients in
      Australia and in China.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that rheumatoid arthritis in patients in China is milder
      in severity than that in patients in a western country, a comparison was made of
      2 series of consecutive outpatients with definite or classic rheumatoid arthritis
      who were attending referral centers in Melbourne, Australia and Shanghai, China.
      This paper reports the findings on radiographs of the wrists and hands. Making
      allowances for age and duration of disease, changes were more frequent and severe
      in the Australian patient series, particularly at the metacarpophalangeal joints.

PMID- 3689463
TI  - Development of selective IgM deficiency in systemic lupus erythematosus patients
      with disease of long duration.
AB  - Statistical analysis of serum immunoglobulin levels in 54 systemic lupus
      erythematosus (SLE) patients showed a decrease in serum IgM (normal 77 +/- 26
      mg/dl; P less than 0.001) that was closely related to disease duration. The
      longer the duration of SLE, the more striking the decrease in serum levels of IgM
      (r = -0.74, P less than 0.01). Selective IgM deficiency (less than 47 mg/dl)
      occurred in SLE patients whose disease was clinically inactive or less active.

PMID- 3689465
TI  - Imaging of experimental amyloidosis with 131I-labeled serum amyloid P component.
AB  - 131I-labeled human serum amyloid P component, which was injected into mice with
      experimentally induced systemic AA amyloidosis and into controls, became
      specifically localized and was retained in amyloidotic organs. In comparison, it
      was rapidly and completely eliminated from unaffected tissues and from control
      animals. Distinctive images of this amyloid-specific deposition of labeled serum
      amyloid P component were derived from whole body scanning, in vivo, of
      amyloidotic mice. These findings suggest that such imaging may have applications
      for the diagnosis and quantitation of amyloid deposits in humans.

PMID- 3689466
TI  - Idiopathic periosteal hyperostosis with dysproteinemia (Goldbloom's syndrome):
      case report and review of the literature.
AB  - Idiopathic subperiosteal new bone formation is uncommon in childhood. We report a
      case of diffuse periostitis in association with hypergammaglobulinemia and
      hypoalbuminemia in a 12-year-old boy. In 1966, 2 cases of idiopathic periosteal
      hyperostosis with accompanying dysproteinemia were documented. This report serves
      as a review of this unique and perplexing problem in clinical diagnosis.

PMID- 3689467
TI  - Eosinophilic synovitis in patients with dermatographism.

PMID- 3689468
TI  - Eosinophilic fasciitis and retroperitoneal fibrosis in a patient with systemic
      lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 3689469
TI  - Antibodies against Yersinia, Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Chlamydia in patients
      with Behcet's disease.

PMID- 3689470
TI  - A case of clinically unsuspected Mycobacterium marinum infection.

PMID- 3689472
TI  - Comment on article by Strauss et al: Group therapies for rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 3689471
TI  - Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins in mixed (type II) cryoglobulinemia
      associated with thyrotoxicosis.

PMID- 3689473
TI  - The influence of plasma lipoproteins from patients with abetalipoproteinemia on
      cellular cholesterol esterification.
AB  - In normal humans low density lipoproteins (LDL) constitute the major lipoprotein
      responsible for the delivery of cholesterol to cells and their uptake results in
      a decrease in cholesterol biosynthesis and an increase in cholesterol
      esterification. In the present study, we have examined whether plasma
      lipoproteins from patients with abetalipoproteinemia (ABL), who lack LDL in their
      plasma, can stimulate intracellular cholesterol esterification and,
      quantitatively, how this compares with normal LDL. Fibroblasts from normal and
      abetalipoproteinemic patients had similar cholesterol esterification rates when
      LDL was present in the medium. Esterification rates using ABL HDL2 were
      significantly higher than that of normal HDL2 in both normal and ABL fibroblasts.
      However, maximal rates of cellular cholesterol delivery are considerably greater
      for normal LDL than for the HDL2 particles in ABL plasma. Our results indicate
      that lipoprotein particles present in the HDL2 fraction of plasma from patients
      with ABL are able to provide sufficient cholesterol to cells so that cholesterol
      esterification is stimulated.

PMID- 3689474
TI  - Serum lipids, lipid peroxides and the care of children with high risk
      atherosclerotic family history.
AB  - Children of parents who had their first acute myocardial infarction (AMI) before
      the age of 45 years were investigated and divided into 2 groups. Group 1
      consisted of 12 children: both their parents or one parent and grandparents
      suffered from AMI. Group 2 consisted of 55 children, each of whom had one parent
      with AMI. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC) and lipid peroxide (LP) were
      higher in these children and HDL-cholesterol values were lower than those of 39
      control children. The extent of serum TC and HDL-C differences was similar in
      both high risk groups but the serum LP level was significantly higher in group 1
      than in group 2. The serum free cholesterol (FC) level was higher in group 1 than
      in controls. Children were treated according to a program giving advice on diet,
      physical exercise and health education for 1 year. At the end of this period the
      serum HDL-C level increased in both groups, while LP and TC levels decreased. The
      high serum FC level did not change.

PMID- 3689475
TI  - Diffusional support of the thoracic aorta in atherosclerotic monkeys.
AB  - We have demonstrated previously that there is increased blood flow through vasa
      vasorum in the aorta of atherosclerotic monkeys. In this study, a new method was
      used to examine diffusional support to the wall of blood vessels. Our goal was to
      determine whether proliferation of vasa vasorum in the outer media contributes to
      increased diffusional support of the atherosclerotic aorta and whether there are
      focal or homogeneous increases in diffusion to the aortic wall. Cynomolgus
      monkeys were fed normal or atherogenic diet for 1.5 or 4 years. Diffusional
      support of the thoracic aorta was determined by measuring the concentration of
      iodo[14C]antipyrine in the aortic media. The findings suggest that: 1) vasa
      vasorum provide only minimal nutritional support to the thoracic aorta of normal
      monkeys and monkeys with moderately severe atherosclerosis, and 2) in monkeys
      with severe atherosclerosis, diffusional support to the thoracic aorta is
      strikingly heterogeneous, ranging from minimal to large. We speculate that
      minimal diffusional support to the outer layers of the thickened atherosclerotic
      aorta may contribute to development of focal medial necrosis.

PMID- 3689476
TI  - Lipoprotein abnormalities in survivors of cerebral infarction with a special
      reference to apolipoproteins and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins.
AB  - Serum lipid and apolipoprotein concentrations were measured in 37 male survivors
      of cerebral infarction (CI) and in 30 healthy controls. Both groups had similar
      total cholesterol levels, but the HDL-cholesterol level was significantly lower
      and the serum triglyceride level was significantly higher in the CI patients than
      in the controls. The ApoB level was significantly higher in the CI patients but
      there was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the levels of the
      other apolipoproteins (ApoA-I, A-II, C-II, C-III, and E). The HDL
      cholesterol/ApoA-I ratio was significantly lower in the CI patients. Both the
      VLDL-triglyceride and VLDL-cholesterol levels were higher in the CI patients but
      the VLDL-cholesterol especially its cholesterol ester level was conspicuously
      high. A population of VLDL particles that bound to heparin on heparin-Sepharose
      columns was increased in the CI patients. We suggest that cholesterol ester is
      excessively transferred from HDL to VLDL during the disturbed catabolism of VLDL
      in CI patients.

PMID- 3689477
TI  - Regulation of indices of cholesterol synthesis in human mononuclear leukocytes by
      dietary cholesterol and fat saturation.
AB  - The responses of 2 indices of cholesterol synthesis, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl
      CoA reductase activity and incorporation of [14C]acetate into sterols, in
      mononuclear leukocytes freshly isolated from peripheral blood to variation in the
      ratio of saturated to unsaturated fat (S:U) and the amount of cholesterol
      absorbed from the diet were examined in 24 free-living men. Increasing S:U was
      associated with increasing plasma cholesterol level (r = 0.27, P = 0.03) and
      increasing reductase activity in leukocytes (r = 0.60, p less than 0.001). This
      finding is consistent with the hypothesis that saturated fat decreases the flux
      of cholesterol from plasma into cells thereby releasing reductase from product
      feedback inhibition. Reductase activity, after controlling for the effect of S:U,
      was negatively correlated with absorbed cholesterol from sources other than eggs
      (r = 0.42, P = 0.02). Surprisingly, change in reductase activity was positively
      correlated with change in absorbed cholesterol upon eating eggs (r = 0.49, P =
      0.008). Sterol labeling was negatively correlated with absorbed cholesterol from
      all sources including eggs (r = -0.64, P less than 0.001) and was uncorrelated
      with S:U. Reductase activity and sterol labeling responded in parallel to
      cholesterol in foods other than eggs but not to egg feeding nor to S:U, thus it
      is unclear which test best reflects endogenous sterol synthesis in these cells.

PMID- 3689478
TI  - Seasonal variation of serum lipids in the vervet monkey.
AB  - Seasonal variation of serum lipids has been observed in man, primates and other
      species. We are presenting data on serum lipid variation in Vervet monkeys
      (Cercopithecus aethiops). The monkeys (54 males, 33 females) were fed control
      diets (commercial pellets, fruit, vegetables) and data were pooled and grouped by
      season. Data having been obtained in South Africa, the seasons were: summer
      (December, January, February); fall (March, April, May); winter (June, July,
      August); and spring (September, October, November). Data presented are based on
      multiple samplings. Total serum cholesterol (mg/dl) and beta-lipoprotein
      cholesterol (mg/dl) varied significantly with season, peak values being observed
      in the fall months. Triglyceride and alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol levels showed
      seasonal variation which was not statistically significant. However, when data
      were analyzed by weight group (less than 3.3 kg; 3.3-4.3 kg; 4.4-5.3 kg; greater
      than 5.4 kg) only triglyceride and alpha-lipoprotein levels varied significantly
      with season. Significant interactions between diet, sex, weight, and season have
      also been observed. These observations can be used in planning future studies.

PMID- 3689479
TI  - The hyperlipidemic hamster as a model of experimental atherosclerosis.
AB  - Male hamsters were fed a hyperlipidemic diet consisting of standard chow
      supplemented with 3% cholesterol and 15% commercial butter for 12 months. In
      about 3 weeks serum total cholesterol doubled, raised 4-fold after the 4th week
      and after 10 months attained a 17-fold value. Low density lipoproteins (LDL)
      cholesterol increased 4-fold after 4 weeks and about 13-fold after 10 months
      compared to control animals. In the first 2 weeks mononuclear cells began to
      adhere to the endothelium and a very intense stromal reaction appeared in the
      intima of the aortic arch. At the end of the 4th week of diet, Oil Red O
      stainable deposits were visible on the thoracic aorta, mostly on the arch, some
      of them as isolated, lipid-laden cells and others distributed on focal areas.
      Smooth muscle cells (SMC) appeared also in the intima of hyperlipidemic hamsters,
      compared to normal animals which had no macrophages or smooth muscle cells in the
      intima of the aortic specimens examined. Up to 6 months, smooth muscle cells in
      the intima and media began to load with lipids, as well as endothelial cells.
      After 10 months the affected zones looked like human atherosclerotic plaque with
      huge cholesterol crystal deposits, calcium deposits and necrosis. The
      endothelium, though very thinned and loaded with lipids, was morphologically
      intact.

PMID- 3689480
TI  - Relationship of plasma levels of estradiol to the severity of coronary
      arteriosclerosis.

PMID- 3689481
TI  - Correlation between wall shear and intimal thickness at a coronary artery branch.
AB  - Pulsatile velocities were measured by laser Doppler anemometry at fourteen sites
      near the walls of a cast of a minimally diseased human left coronary artery
      bifurcation. The flow wave used in the experiments was physiologically realistic.
      The sites selected for hemodynamic measurement were at the outer walls of the
      left main artery and its anterior descending and circumflex branches, and along
      the flow divider. The intimal and medial thicknesses at corresponding sites in
      the original branch were also measured. Wall shear rates were derived from the
      velocity data. The correlations between time-average or maximum instantaneous
      wall shear rate and intimal thickness had negative slopes (P less than 0.005);
      that is, the intima was generally thicker at sites exposed to lower shears. These
      results are consistent with those obtained earlier using other human arterial
      bifurcations.

PMID- 3689482
TI  - Pantethine lipomodulation: evidence for cysteamine mediation in vitro and in
      vivo.
AB  - Recent human studies suggest rapid in vivo hydrolysis of the lipid-lowering drug,
      pantethine, to the vitamin pantothenic acid and the small aminothiol compound,
      cysteamine. To test whether the active agent is a hydrolysis product, we repeated
      three experimental models of pantethine's effect with pantothenate and
      cysteamine. In vitro experiments with human fetal fibroblasts showed equivalent
      modulation of cholesterol and methyl sterol synthesis by pantethine, cysteamine,
      or cystamine (the disulfide of cysteamine), but pantothenate had no effect.
      Similarly, in vivo experiments with 0.5% cholesterol-fed rabbits showed oral
      pantethine or equimolar cystamine significantly lowered plasma cholesterol, while
      pantothenate, cystine, and 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide did not. Lastly, diabetic
      male rats (40 mg/kg streptozotocin) fed 0.1% pantethine and lower plasma free
      fatty acids after 2 weeks than controls, an effect not seen with pantothenate and
      largely duplicated by cystamine. The efficacy of pantethine has previously been
      attributed to altered vitamin metabolism and increased coenzyme A concentration.
      Pantethine did increase CoA levels 45% in rat liver homogenates while equivalent
      amounts of cystamine or pantothenate did not. However, a causal relationship
      between CoA levels and pantethine's action as a hypolipemic agent has never been
      shown. At least in 3 independent experimental models, the lipomodulating effect
      of pantethine appears instead to be mediated by the hydrolysis product
      cysteamine.

PMID- 3689483
TI  - Progression and regression of human coronary atherosclerosis. The role of
      lipoproteins, lipases and thyroid hormones in coronary lesion growth.
AB  - Relations between lipoprotein fractions, lipoprotein lipase activities, thyroid
      hormones and coronary lesion growth were studied among 35 male patients with
      severe coronary atherosclerosis, who had participated in the lipid lowering,
      dietary Leiden Intervention Trial. Coronary arteriographies were performed at the
      beginning of the study and 2 years later at termination. The coronary anatomy was
      quantitated with a computer-based analysis system to assess the progression rate
      of coronary atherosclerosis on the basis of the absolute arterial dimensions in a
      patient's coronary tree; for these purposes an absolute coronary score was
      computed. On the basis of the absolute coronary scores, the entire group of
      patients could be divided into a no lesion growth group (14 patients) and a
      progression group (21 patients). Lipoprotein fractions, lipoprotein lipases and
      thyroid hormones were determined at the end of the trial. No significant
      difference was found between the no lesion growth and progression groups of
      patients for total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C). The VLDL
      cholesterol (VLDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) were significantly higher (P less
      than 0.05) and HDL-C was almost significantly lower (P less than 0.10) in the
      progression group. Hepatic lipase (HL) values were significantly higher in the no
      lesion growth group, as compared to the progression group, whereas lipoprotein
      lipase (LPL) values were not significantly different. Triiodothyronine (T3) was
      significantly lower (P less than 0.01) in the progression group. Multivariate
      regression analysis showed HL to be the most important determinant of changes in
      coronary atherosclerotic lesions. T3 and HDL were also independently inversely
      related to coronary atherosclerotic lesion growth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3689484
TI  - Effect of bezafibrate on lipoprotein secretion by cultured human hepatocytes.
AB  - The secretion of newly synthesized very low density lipoprotein and low density
      lipoprotein (VLDL + LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) in cultured human
      hepatocytes in the presence or absence of bezafibrate added to the culture medium
      has been evaluated. The content of triacylglycerol, apolipoprotein B, 3H-labeled
      proteins and 14C-labeled lipids accumulated in a culture medium increased
      linearly for periods up to 18 h. During incubation, cellular triacylglycerol
      content was unchanged. This hypolipidemic agent, at a concentration of 10 microM,
      inhibited secretion of the several VLDL + LDL [3H]apolipoproteins and the VLDL +
      LDL [14C]lipids, suggesting it can affect the processes of biosynthesis and
      secretion. The secretion of total [3H]apolipoproteins in the HDL fraction and
      [3H]protein (d greater than 1.21 g/ml) was unchanged after an exposure to
      bezafibrate (10 microM). Incubation in the presence of 10 microM bezafibrate
      resulted also in decreases in both total VLDL neutral lipids and apolipoprotein B
      secreted into the medium. These results indicate that bezafibrate might exert its
      plasma lipid-lowering effect by suppressing the VLDL production in liver and
      reducing the secretion of VLDL into the circulation.

PMID- 3689485
TI  - Effect of an elastin growth substrate on cholesteryl ester synthesis and foam
      cell formation by cultured aortic smooth muscle cells.
AB  - Exposure of smooth muscle cells cultured on plastic or glass to hyperlipidemic
      serum did not result in the formation of foam cells. Since elastin binds serum
      lipids, and vascular smooth muscle cells are normally closely associated with
      elastin, we investigated the effects of an elastin substrate on lipid metabolism
      and on the accumulation of lipid vacuoles by rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells in
      culture. When cells were grown in plastic petri dishes, cholesteryl ester
      synthesis, as measured by [14C]oleate incorporation into cholesteryl esters, was
      3 times greater in rabbit hyperlipidemic serum (HLS) than in normolipemic serum
      (NLS) (P less than 0.001). For cells of the same subculture grown on the elastin
      substrate, the synthetic rate was 6-fold greater in HLS compared to NLS (P less
      than 0.005). The cells grown on the elastin membranes in the presence of HLS
      contained large numbers of Oil red O stainable lipid vacuoles and resembled foam
      cells, while those grown in petri dishes and exposed to HLS showed only an
      occasional cell containing a few vacuoles. Pre-incubation in lipoprotein
      deficient serum markedly enhanced the stimulatory effect of HLS on cholesteryl
      ester synthesis for cells growing in plastic petric dishes but had much less
      stimulatory effect on the cells growing on elastin membranes. These studies
      indicate that close association with elastin modulates the response of smooth
      muscle cells to hyperlipidemia and suggest a role for elastin in the formation of
      foam cells of smooth muscle origin during atherogenesis.

PMID- 3689486
TI  - Effects of long term consumption of fish oil (Maxepa) on serum lipids and
      arterial ultrastructure in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica).
AB  - Both random (U.C. Davis) and inbred ("Sea") Japanese quail were fed 8.6% dietary
      supplements of lard (SF) or fish oil (FO) Maxepa (38% of calories from fat) and 9
      months later selected blood vessels were subjected to light and electron
      microscopy. Serum lipids were measured by means of automatic enzymatic analyses
      (Beckman Astra and Dupont ACA) following fasting (12-14 h) bleeding times taken
      at autopsy. VLDL and LDL were determined indirectly. Fatty acid profiles were
      done on pericardial fat from selected animals. All FO-fed quail averaged 22-48%
      increase in bleeding time when compared to diet controls or animals fed saturated
      fat (P less than 0.005). There was a 20% decrease in triacyglycerol (TG) and very
      low density lipoprotein (VLDL) in the random bred group (P less than 0.01). TG
      rose in the Sea Quail (NS). Low density lipoprotein (LDL) increased in both
      random (P less than 0.05) and inbred quail (P less than 0.05), but total
      cholesterol (TC) significantly increased only in the inbred birds (P less than
      0.01). The HDL/LDL ratios in the FO groups were lower than in the controls. SF
      fed animals had some fatty streak and/or fatty point formation in their coronary
      arteries and great vessels. FO-fed birds showed some fat deposits in their
      coronary arteries and greater accumulation (foam cells) within their great
      vessels with subendothelial protrusions into the lumen. It is suggested that
      these latter results may be a response to the relatively higher levels of
      cholesterol in FO (600 mg/100 g oil) versus SF (95 mg/100 g fat).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3689487
TI  - Effect of caffeine on ceftriaxone disposition and plasma protein binding in the
      rat.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that caffeine can affect drug kinetics by altering
      drug binding to plasma protein, drug absorption, or drug distribution. In this
      study, the effect of caffeine on the in vivo protein binding and the disposition
      of ceftriaxone (a highly protein-bound cephalosporin) were investigated in the
      rat. Ceftriaxone 100 mg/kg and caffeine 20 mg/kg were i.v. injected via the tail
      vein and ceftriaxone in plasma, plasma filtrate, urine, feces, and tissues
      (brain, heart, kidney, liver, gut, lung, and muscle) was assayed by HPLC with UV
      detection. The fraction of free ceftriaxone in plasma ranged from 5.6 to 32.8% of
      total ceftriaxone (3-347 micrograms/ml) without caffeine and showed no alteration
      by caffeine. The total amount of ceftriaxone excreted in urine and feces was
      increased significantly (p less than 0.05) from 13.1 +/- 1.8 mg (mean +/- SD,
      54.6% of total) to 15.3 +/- 1.1 mg (63.8% of total) by caffeine coadministration.
      The terminal half-life of ceftriaxone in plasma was shortened from 59 to 47 min,
      and the area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve (AUC) was reduced
      from 612 to 516 micrograms hr/ml. Although the peak drug concentrations and the
      times of peak concentration of ceftriaxone in tissues were not altered by
      caffeine administration, the elimination of ceftriaxone was increased, as
      indicated by generally shorter half-lives (decreases ranged from 17.5% in liver
      to 34.2% in brain) and lower AUC values (from 9.0% in heart to 54.5% in brain).
      These results suggest that caffeine does not alter the protein binding of
      ceftriaxone, but enhances the elimination of ceftriaxone in the rat.

PMID- 3689488
TI  - Bone marrow pattern and clinical staging in multiple myeloma.

PMID- 3689489
TI  - Joint moment and mechanical power flow of the lower limb during vertical jump.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine the joint moment and the mechanical
      power flow in the lower limb during three types of vertical jump. A healthy male
      subject performed the following jumps: maximal vertical jump from a squatting
      position (SJ), maximal vertical jump from an erect standing position with a
      preliminary countermovement (CMJ), and repetitive submaximal hopping in place
      with preferred frequency. The jumps on the force plate were also filmed (100
      frames X s-1). Film analysis on force platform records were used to obtain the
      joint reaction forces, moments, mechanical powers, and work. All the peak values
      of moments of CMJ were greater than those of SJ, but in both cases they appeared
      in the same rank order (hip greater than knee greater than ankle). The mechanical
      work of the hip extensors was much greater than that of SJ although the work by
      the knee extensors and the ankle plantar flexors was almost the same in these
      jumps. It was suggested that the performance difference between SJ and CMJ might
      result from the difference in work by the hip extensors rather than from the
      effect of the stored elastic energy. Hopping differed from SJ and CMJ and was
      characterized by large moment and mechanical work of the ankle plantar flexors.
      The results also suggest that muscle elasticity may play a greater role in
      hopping than in CMJ.

PMID- 3689490
TI  - Effect of subambient temperatures on separation of steroid diastereomer
      [corrected] by high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3689491
TI  - Evidence for a carrier-mediated transport system in the small intestine available
      for FK089, a new cephalosporin antibiotic without an amino group.
AB  - Transport of a new cephalosporin developed for oral use, FK089, has been studied
      with the rat everted small intestine in vitro. Uptake was found to be pH
      dependent with the maximum rate at an acidic pH below 5 and with a 5-fold lower
      rate at pH 7.0. The shape of the pH-rate profile was very similar to that of
      cefixime and different from that of pH-lipophilicity profile of FK089. The
      saturation kinetics of the uptake of FK089 were demonstrated at pH 5.0. By
      correcting the nonsaturable rate process, the kinetics of the mutual inhibition
      of FK089 uptake by cefixime and cefixime uptake by FK089 were all consistent with
      competitive type inhibition. The results indicate that carrier-mediated transport
      is responsible for transport of cephem antibiotics without an alpha-amino group
      in the side chain at the 7-position of the cephem nucleus in the intestinal brush
      border membrane.

PMID- 3689492
TI  - Adriamycin-mediated introduction of a limited number of single-strand breaks into
      supercoiled DNA.
AB  - It was reported previously that Adriamycin converts form I covalently closed
      circular, supercoiled bacteriophage PM2 DNA to the relaxed circular form II DNA;
      no form III linear DNA was produced as a result of the extracellular action of
      Adriamycin in the presence of NADH-dehydrogenase. When form II DNA, produced by
      the action of Adriamycin, was treated with the BAL 31 nuclease, a single sharp
      DNA band after agarose gel electrophoresis indicated the presence of only full
      length linear form III DNA. As one of its activities, the BAL 31 nuclease
      introduces a single-strand break in the complementary strand opposite a
      preexisting single-strand break. When form II DNA, produced by the action of
      gamma irradiation, was reacted with the BAL enzyme, the resulting linear DNA
      molecules exhibited a broad range of molecular weights, indicating the presence
      of many single-strand breaks in the substrate form II DNA. When the Adriamycin
      produced form II DNA was treated with restriction endonucleases that cleave PM2
      DNA at a single site, either with or without pretreatment with the BAL enzyme,
      the formation of only full-length linear DNA was observed. Thus, the drug is
      capable of introducing one or only a very limited number of single-strand breaks
      into supercoiled DNA; furthermore, these breaks are introduced at random sites
      along the DNA molecules.

PMID- 3689493
TI  - Evaluation of the hypolipidemic activity of xenalipin in experimental animals.
AB  - Xenalipin (4'-trifluoromethyl-2-biphenylcarboxylic acid) is a chemically novel
      compound which has been found to be an effective hypolipidemic agent in two
      animal species. Significant reductions in serum cholesterol and triglycerides
      were observed in cholesterol-cholic acid-fed rats following oral doses of 10-30
      mg/kg/day. Xenalipin was considerably more potent than clofibrate, nicotinic
      acid, and cholestyramine in the same model. Lipoprotein analysis showed that
      xenalipin reduced cholesterol and protein content in very low density lipoprotein
      (VLDL), intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL), and low density lipoprotein
      (LDL). Triglycerides were reduced in VLDL and IDL. Xenalipin was also effective
      in reducing serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in
      normocholesterolemic rats. In diet-induced hypercholesterolemic African green
      monkeys, xenalipin at oral doses of 15-60 mg/kg b.i.d. reduced serum LDL
      cholesterol concentrations. These results suggest that xenalipin has a profile of
      activity which would be beneficial in therapy for hyperlipidemia.

PMID- 3689494
TI  - Allosteric activation of rat liver microsomal [hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA
      reductase (NADPH)]kinase by nucleoside phosphates.
AB  - Microsomal 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase kinase
      activity is enhanced about 5 fold by 2 mM of either AMP or ADP. Activation
      constants, Ka, for AMP and ADP are 17 microM and 430 microM respectively, showing
      that AMP is a more potent activator than ADP. This property is expressed by
      increasing not only the rate of reductase inactivation but also the rate of
      reductase phosphorylation from [gamma-32P]ATP. GTP can replace ATP as substrate
      of reductase kinase but GMP and GDP cannot replace AMP as activators. Kinetic
      studies show that ATP can only act as a substrate. Nucleoside mono or
      diphosphates and nucleoside triphosphates, thus, appear to bind to different
      sites on microsomal HMG-CoA reductase kinase. Nucleoside mono or diphosphates act
      as allosteric activators of reductase kinase. The adenosyl moiety and the
      unaltered phosphate ester at the 5' position are two essential features of the
      activator molecule. Phosphorylation of reductase either by microsomal or
      cytosolic AMP-activated reductase kinase produces an 80% inactivation, with a
      concomitant incorporation of 0.8 mol of 32P per mol of reductase (Mr 55,000). In
      both cases exhaustive tryptic digestion of 32P-labeled HMG-CoA reductase, which
      had been denatured in 2M urea, yields two major phosphopeptides, the phosphoryl
      group being bound to serine residues.

PMID- 3689495
TI  - Isolation and characterization of antistasin. An inhibitor of metastasis and
      coagulation.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to purify and characterize the agent responsible
      for the antimetastatic activity of an extract of the salivary glands (SGE) of the
      Mexican leech Haementeria officinalis. When administered intravenously in mice on
      the same day as the intravenous inoculation of T241 sarcoma cells, SGE markedly
      reduces the number and size of lung tumor colonies. In designing a purification
      protocol for the antimetastatic agent, we postulated that the antimetastatic
      agent would also display anticoagulant activity. Thus, we discovered that heparin
      affinity chromatography followed by anion-exchange chromatography results in a
      fraction highly enriched in both potent anticoagulant activity and potent
      antimetastatic activity. Approximately, 200-300 micrograms of purified protein is
      isolated from 150 mg of SGE. As little as 15 micrograms of this material inhibits
      tumor cell metastasis to the same extent as 1.0 mg of the unfractionated SGE.
      When analyzed on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels the active fraction consists mainly
      of one polypeptide band having an apparent molecular weight of approximately
      17,000 under either reducing or nonreducing conditions. The protein has a pI of
      approximately 9.5 and a molecular weight of approximately 17,000 under
      nondenaturing conditions. A specific antiserum prepared against the 17,000-dalton
      protein indicated that this protein is the major anticoagulant and antimetastatic
      agent of leech salivary gland extract. We have termed this anticoagulant,
      antimetastatic agent "antistasin." We hypothesize that antistatin inhibits
      coagulation via factor Xa, and not thrombin, since factor Xa, but not thrombin,
      is rapidly inactivated upon addition of antistasin. The mechanism of antistasin's
      antimetastatic activity is currently under investigation.

PMID- 3689497
TI  - Osteoporosis (continuing education credit).

PMID- 3689496
TI  - Determination of clomipramine and its hydroxylated and demethylated metabolites
      in plasma and urine by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.
AB  - A procedure for the determination of clomipramine and its 8-hydroxy, demethyl, 8
      hydroxydemethyl and didemethyl metabolites in plasma and urine by high
      performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection is described. A
      1-ml plasma or urine sample is made alkaline with a carbonate buffer (pH 9.8) and
      extracted with 20% ethyl acetate in n-heptane. After back-extraction into an acid
      phosphate buffer (pH 2.4), an aliquot is injected into a 5-microns ion-paired
      reversed-phase column and eluted with a mobile phase containing a phosphate
      buffer with tetramethylammonium chloride-acetonitrile (57:43). The detection is
      coulometric with a first cell at +0.40 V, a second at +0.73 V and a guard cell
      set at 0.75 V for oxidation of the mobile phase. The method provides recoveries
      in the general range of 80-110% and a day-to-day precision of 3.7-8.8%, depending
      on the compound. The minimum quantifiable level for all compounds was 0.2 ng/ml
      with a 20-microliters injection. Steady-state plasma concentration data and
      urinary levels are reported for 24 depressed patients receiving daily either 75
      150 mg orally or 50-75 mg by infusion.

PMID- 3689498
TI  - Osteoporosis: where are we in 1988?

PMID- 3689499
TI  - Osteoporosis: definition, risk factors, etiology, and diagnosis.

PMID- 3689500
TI  - A self care model for osteoporosis.

PMID- 3689501
TI  - Osteoporosis and nutrition.

PMID- 3689502
TI  - Osteoporosis and physical activity.

PMID- 3689503
TI  - Estrogen and postmenopausal osteoporosis.

PMID- 3689504
TI  - Non-invasive procedures: pros and cons.

PMID- 3689505
TI  - Therapeutic regimens: implications and efficacy for treating osteoporosis.

PMID- 3689506
TI  - Commentary: how well does the LADSI measure satisfaction with labor and delivery?

PMID- 3689507
TI  - Do hospitals with family-centered maternity care policies have lower intervention
      rates?

PMID- 3689508
TI  - Outcomes of postpartum early discharge, 1960-1986. A comparative review.

PMID- 3689509
TI  - Battering during pregnancy: intervention strategies.

PMID- 3689510
TI  - Increased safety belt use following education in childbirth classes.

PMID- 3689511
TI  - Health workers and reproductive hazards.

PMID- 3689512
TI  - A comparison of the effectiveness of two methods of nipple cave.

PMID- 3689513
TI  - Community versus hospital perinatal "services".

PMID- 3689514
TI  - The clinical significance of breastmilk maturation rates.

PMID- 3689515
TI  - Lactation insufficiency: a rational approach.

PMID- 3689516
TI  - A survey of policies and practices in support of breastfeeding mothers in the
      workplace.

PMID- 3689517
TI  - Lactation consultant certification candidates: the influence of background
      characteristics on test scores.

PMID- 3689519
TI  - Safe birthing alternatives for women.

PMID- 3689518
TI  - Predictors of the duration of breastfeeding in low-income women.

PMID- 3689520
TI  - A comparison of the effectiveness of two methods of nipple care.

PMID- 3689521
TI  - Long term follow-up of arthroscopic synovectomy for chronic hemophilic synovitis.
AB  - Recurrent hemarthrosis of the knee in hemophiliac patients leads to chronic
      synovitis, predisposing the joint to further hemarthroses and degeneration. Open
      synovectomy controls bleeding, however, significant loss of motion frequently
      results. We are reporting on seven patients who underwent arthroscopic
      synovectomy and had decreased bleeding episodes while maintaining range of
      motion. The seven patients had frequent recurrent hemarthroses despite medical
      management. All had had signs of degenerative arthritis preoperatively. Five of
      the seven had loss of motion. Length of follow-up averaged 4 years. Six of the
      seven had reduced bleeding episodes with an average of 0.22 hemarthroses per
      week. The seventh patient required significantly less Factor to control bleeding.
      No patient lost more than 10 degrees of motion. Three patients had increases in
      motion; two were unchanged. Radiographic progression of degenerative changes was
      noted in five patients, the other two were unchanged. We recommend early
      arthroscopic synovectomy in the treatment of recurrent hemarthrosis in
      hemophiliac patients.

PMID- 3689522
TI  - Use of 1.5% glycine as a nonconductive fluid medium for arthroscopic
      electrosurgery.
AB  - Sixty-five surgical cases were studied to determine whether 1.5% glycine, used as
      an irrigation solution during electrosurgery to the knee, had any histological
      effect on the synovial cells or the articular cartilage. Histologic specimens of
      the articular cartilage were stained with Safranin-O to assess proteoglycans
      enhanced chrondrocyte function, and the synovium was stained with pentachrome.
      The results indicated that there were no adverse effects, either short term or
      long term, when viewing both the synovium and the articular cartilage
      histopathologically after glycine irrigation subsequent to the electrothermal
      procedure.

PMID- 3689523
TI  - Fenestrated medial patella plica.
AB  - Fenestrated medial patellar plicae are unusual. In a review of 1,000 consecutive
      knee arthroscopies, the incidence of this finding was 1.8%. These fenestrations
      may vary in size and shape from being small, circular, and only 5 mm in diameter
      to being lengthwise openings 3-4 cm long. There is a high prevalence of
      associated medial knee symptoms (80%) that are relieved by complete resection.
      Since the plical fenestration does not appear to abrade the articular cartilage,
      symptoms are probably the result of medial wall inflammation.

PMID- 3689524
TI  - A rationale for systematized record keeping and improved documentation. "Twenty
      years at the bedside, Doc.".

PMID- 3689525
TI  - Lateral retinacular release of the patella.
AB  - From October 1977 through January 1984, 2,330 arthroscopic procedures of the knee
      were performed by one of the authors (G.J.S.). Among these procedures, 35 lateral
      retinacular releases were performed through minimal, lateral incisions. Twenty
      two knees in 22 patients were available for follow-up evaluation, and these cases
      were reviewed retrospectively. The average age of the patients at the time of
      surgery was 22.6 years. The average follow-up period was 48 months. The patients
      were divided into three subgroups on the basis of their preoperative diagnosis.
      Group I (eight knees) had a history of patellar dislocations; group II (seven
      knees) had recurrent patellar subluxation, identified by history and physical and
      radiographic examinations; and group III (seven knees) had patellar pain without
      a history of dislocations or subluxation and with no symptoms of instability. All
      of these patients underwent diagnostic arthroscopy and lateral retinacular
      release, as well as arthroscopic treatment of associated pathology.
      Postoperatively and at the time of followup, all patients were evaluated for
      pain, function and patellar instability. In 15 patients with a history of
      patellar dislocation or subluxation, 67% were found to have had significant
      improvement in their symptoms, which was borne out by the findings during
      physical examination. None was worse following treatment. Among the seven
      patients with no history of patellar dislocation or subluxation, only one of the
      seven had a satisfactory result. Based upon the findings of this study, it was
      concluded that arthroscopic lateral retinacular release is a reasonable, initial
      step in the surgical treatment of patellar dislocation or subluxation, resistant
      to conservative treatment. Its efficacy in cases of recalcitrant patellar pain
      without a history of instability is doubtful.

PMID- 3689526
TI  - Computed arthrotomography of the glenohumeral joint to evaluate anterior
      instability: correlation with arthroscopic findings.
AB  - A retrospective review of 30 patients on whom a double-contrast computed
      arthrotomogram of the shoulder was performed was evaluated to correlate
      radiographic findings with subsequent arthroscopic and surgical findings.
      Analysis of the data demonstrated a wide variation in abnormal computed
      tomography (CT) labral configurations, and experience was necessary to interpret
      the studies adequately. The lesions ranged from complete detachment to complete
      absence. The study was reliable in identifying large labral lesions suitable for
      arthroscopic stapling with large detachments anteriorly and anterior inferiorly.
      Isolated low anterior labral detachments associated clinically with instability
      under anesthesia were missed. The amount of tissue available for arthroscopic
      stapling correlated well with CT findings, making it a useful screening test to
      help select candidates for arthroscopic stapling. One false-positive study and
      two false-negative studies were noted, for an error rate of 10%. We recommend
      continued use of the CT arthrotomogram of the shoulder as a screening test for
      shoulder derangement and as a predictive adjunct for surgical planning.
      Modifications in our technique include tangential low anterior imaging to detect
      low anterior short labral detachments.

PMID- 3689527
TI  - Discoid lateral meniscus: case report of arthroscopic attachment of a symptomatic
      Wrisberg-ligament type.
AB  - The symptomatic discoid lateral meniscus is a well-known congenital anomaly that
      is of three different types: complete, incomplete, and Wrisberg-ligament type.
      The Wrisberg-ligament type has no meniscotibial attachment posteriorly, and in
      the past has been treated by total (open or arthroscopic) meniscectomy. In this
      article, we review the literature and report a previously unreported case of
      arthroscopic peripheral attachment after central partial meniscectomy of a
      Wrisberg-ligament type discoid lateral meniscus, with documentation of healing at
      arthroscopic second look 1 year following surgery.

PMID- 3689529
TI  - Arthroscopy: a technique or a subspecialty?

PMID- 3689528
TI  - Diagnostic arthroscopy of the hip joint in pigmented villonodular synovitis.
AB  - A case of pigmented villonodular synovitis of the hip is presented. The delay
      between the onset of symptoms and the histopathologic confirmation of this
      condition generally accounts for the massive local bone invasion, frequently
      necessitating a total hip arthroplasty. Earlier diagnosis through arthroscopy and
      subsequent chemical synoviorthesis might reduce the need for more aggressive
      surgery and improve the prognosis of this rare condition.

PMID- 3689530
TI  - Epidemiology of Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency
      syndrome in Puerto Rico.

PMID- 3689531
TI  - Environmental protection of the human lens.

PMID- 3689532
TI  - Blood pool radionuclide venography.

PMID- 3689533
TI  - Alternate methods of breast reconstruction used in one patient: case report.

PMID- 3689534
TI  - Neonatal meningitis by Flavobacterium meningosepticum.

PMID- 3689535
TI  - [Psychiatric hospitalization or use of a structured social environment].

PMID- 3689536
TI  - The haemodynamic effects of morphine.

PMID- 3689537
TI  - Skull X-rays after mild head injuries.

PMID- 3689538
TI  - Training in resuscitation.

PMID- 3689540
TI  - The Sheffield chair for cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

PMID- 3689541
TI  - Femoral nerve block in the initial management of femoral shaft fractures.
AB  - The aim of this study was to demonstrate that the under-used technique of femoral
      nerve block (F.N.B.) (Berry, 1977) has excellent analgesic action for femoral
      shaft fractures when performed by junior staff. It had no recorded side effects
      and was used in all age groups for fractures at all levels along the femoral
      shaft. Twenty-seven consecutive patients were studied as they presented in an
      accident room, all received a femoral nerve block (10 ml 1% Lignocaine with
      1:200,000 adrenaline) from unsupervised junior accident and emergency staff
      instructed in the technique. Each case was subsequently followed up, and both the
      delay before the onset of analgesia and total duration of analgesia, together
      with its efficacy, were assessed. A further F.N.B. using a different agent (10 ml
      0.5% bupivacaine) was performed and the same parameters were assessed. Both
      agents gave effective analgesia of varying duration at all levels of fracture
      site.

PMID- 3689539
TI  - The utility of post-traumatic skull X-rays.
AB  - During two 12-month periods, 12,395 accident and emergency department attenders
      with head injury were collected. Those characteristics which were significantly
      more common in head-injured patients who had skull fractures on X-ray were
      identified. These characteristics were: recent alcohol consumption in adults,
      initial unconsciousness, amnesia of any duration, vomiting, neurological signs,
      injuries sustained by pedestrians, motorcyclists and cyclists. Such
      characteristics were then further examined and their power as diagnostic tests
      for the presence of skull fracture on X-ray was detailed. In individual patients
      and especially in children, these characteristics were generally of little value
      in identifying patients with fractures. It was considered that, in the majority
      of individual patients with head injuries, accurate clinical diagnosis of
      radiologically apparent fractures was not possible. In view of this and in the
      light of the known risks in patients with fractures, it was concluded that skull
      X-rays should continue to be used relatively freely in the management of these
      patients.

PMID- 3689542
TI  - Midazolam: an effective intravenous agent for seizure control.
AB  - Midazolam meleate, a water soluble 1,4 benzodiazepine, was used intravenously in
      20 patients suffering seizures, of whom 12 were in status epilepticus. In all
      cases, midazolam in a dose of 2.5-15 mg rapidly terminated the seizure. There
      were no complications from the use of midazolam. The causes of the seizures were
      varied but alcohol-withdrawal seizures were the single largest cause. Thirteen
      patients were taking some form of anticonvulsant medication but only three were
      in the therapeutic range. Midazolam is seen to be an effective agent in the
      emergency treatment of seizures.

PMID- 3689543
TI  - Evaluation of 3-mm diameter intravenous tubing for the rapid infusion of fluids.
AB  - The use of intravenous administration systems incorporating 3-mm internal
      diameter tubing is becoming more common in hospital practice. The maximum flow
      rate of crystalloid solutions through 3-mm-diameter tubing is compared to that
      through conventional 4-mm tubing when connected to standard large-gauge
      intravenous cannulae. Lengths of intravenous tubing between 80 cm and 200 cm were
      tested in combination with 16 gauge, 14 gauge and 13 gauge intravenous cannulae.
      The results demonstrated that the use of 3-mm-diameter infusion sets, or the
      inclusion of even short lengths of 3-mm tubing in an infusion system, limits the
      maximum flow that can be delivered through a cannula of size 16 gauge or larger.
      The reduced performance of the 3-mm tubing makes administration systems
      incorporating even short lengths of this diameter of tubing unsuitable in
      emergency situations and locations where rapid infusion of fluids is vital.

PMID- 3689544
TI  - Re: 'Hunt the thimble': a study of the radiology of ingested foreign bodies.

PMID- 3689545
TI  - Chest pain: a late complication of seat-belt injury.

PMID- 3689546
TI  - Solcotrans (R) for emergency autotransfusion.

PMID- 3689547
TI  - The modified axial view: an alternative radiograph in shoulder injuries.

PMID- 3689548
TI  - Drinking-driving: the role of the alcoholic beverage industry.

PMID- 3689549
TI  - The structure of the alcohol industry as it relates to transportation issues.
AB  - The alcoholic beverage industry has undergone marked changes in its structure
      over the past several decades, and these changes have important implications to
      drinking and driving problems. In Canada and elsewhere, the industry has been
      generally transformed from a large set of small firms owned by entrepreneurs to a
      very small set of large international corporations with extensive and complex
      intercorporate connections. After describing trends in alcohol consumption and
      patterns of drinking, this paper examines the structure of the beverage alcohol
      industry in Canada. It is found that the distilling and brewing industries are
      highly concentrated and oligopolistic, while viticulture is more fragmented and
      regional in character. With regard to impact on drinking and driving problems,
      there are both positive and negative effects. On one hand, barriers to entry into
      the market are high and competition thereby restricted, thus avoiding certain
      excesses associated with fierce competition. Further, the large distillers and
      brewers, being able to afford advertising outlays and the temporary
      unprofitability necessary to introduce new products, have introduced lower
      alcohol content beverages which may eventually have a positive impact on drinking
      and driving incidents. On the other hand, there is little doubt that the industry
      structure greatly facilitates the promotion of alcohol consumption and, by
      contributing to the increased exposure of drivers to alcohol, thus exacerbates
      drinking and driving problems.

PMID- 3689550
TI  - Do excise taxes save lives? The Irish experience with alcohol taxation.
AB  - This paper studies the effects of changes in the level of indirect taxation of
      alcoholic beverages on alcohol-related problems. Using time series data for
      Ireland the following topics are explored: (1) the effect of changes in taxation
      on the retail price of alcohol; (2) the effect of changes in the retail price on
      the consumption of alcohol; and (3) the association between changes in alcohol
      consumption and the incidence of certain alcohol-related problems, such as deaths
      from liver cirrhosis and fatal road accidents. The evidence is that a relatively
      small number of alcohol-related deaths would be averted by higher alcohol taxes.
      The effect of heavier taxation on the distribution of purchasing power is
      discussed.

PMID- 3689551
TI  - Drink-driving and the alcohol beverage industry: will reducing per capita
      consumption solve the problem in the United Kingdom?
AB  - The impact of drinking and driving is one focus of the mounting concern in the
      West over the widespread incidence of alcohol-related problems. Conventional
      wisdom, in the United Kingdom as well as in other countries, suggests that
      reducing average consumption levels will diminish the impact of the negative
      effects of alcohol including drinking and driving. But whether policies designed
      to achieve changes in per capita consumption by increasing alcohol taxes across
      the board constitute the most effective strategy to reduce drinking and driving
      is called into question. A number of competing interventions directed at the
      alcohol beverage industry are analysed and new directions for producers and
      policymakers are proposed.

PMID- 3689552
TI  - Alcohol and traffic in Finland.
AB  - This paper describes historical trends in drunken driving and traffic accidents
      in Finland since 1930 and discusses the relationship between alcohol policy,
      alcohol consumption, and drunken driving. It first describes the development of
      laws dealing with drunken driving and actual punishments for drunken driving.
      Secondly, it describes quantitative changes in drunken driving and traffic
      accidents, giving particular attention to alcohol-related traffic accidents.
      Thirdly, it analyses the connection between alcohol consumption and drunken
      driving. Finally, the relationship between alcohol policy and alcohol consumption
      in Finland is discussed. The role of the alcoholic beverages industry is also
      scrutinized. The paper shows that there are links among alcohol control policy,
      alcohol consumption, drinking habits, drunken driving, and alcohol-related
      traffic accidents. However, these ties are manifested through numerous mediating
      factors and alcohol is not the sole decisive factor. The paper also shows that
      drunken driving in Finland has increased and that alcohol-related traffic
      accidents are an important social problem.

PMID- 3689553
TI  - Brewers view drunk driving: a critique.

PMID- 3689554
TI  - Penalizing recidivist drunk drivers in Indiana: impediments to implementation.
AB  - In 1983, Indiana enacted a law mandating that anyone convicted a second or
      subsequent time of Operating While Intoxicated (OWI) receive a minimum of 48
      consecutive hours in jail or 10 days of community service. A representative
      random sample of Indiana counties was used to determine the extent of
      implementation of this law by the courts in 1984 and 1985. Analysis of the 1984
      data concluded that nearly 70% of the cases did comply with the law in its first
      year of implementation. However, 13.8% of the recidivists received neither jail
      nor community service. Another 17.6% served some jail time and/or community
      service, but not of a sufficient length to comply with the law. Overall
      compliance increased to 75% in 1985, while the proportion who received neither
      jail nor community service increased to 17%. Several specific causes for
      noncompliance are identified and recommendations for their correction are
      offered. It is felt that the Indiana experience described in this paper will
      prove instructive to other states with newly-strengthened OWI laws.

PMID- 3689556
TI  - [Infectious diseases of man: the 2 faces of Janus].

PMID- 3689555
TI  - Decisions relating to alcohol-impaired driving: an exploratory analysis.
AB  - This paper focuses on an individual's decision to drive or not to drive after
      drinking. To evaluate this decision, a utility maximizing probabilistic choice
      model is specified and estimated using a sample of college students. The
      estimation results provide interesting insights relating to the potential
      effectiveness of drinking-driving countermeasures, and suggest that the most
      effective methods of reducing the probability of driving after drinking are those
      advertising and awareness campaigns that focus on altering individual
      preferences.

PMID- 3689557
TI  - [Bacteriology of human milk in Mexican women].

PMID- 3689558
TI  - [Comparative study of 2 oral hydration solutions with bicarbonate and sodium
      citrate].

PMID- 3689559
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of ampicillin in anephric children without and during
      hemodialysis and in normal subjects].

PMID- 3689560
TI  - [Experimental testicular autotransplant with microvascular anastomosis.
      Preliminary report].

PMID- 3689561
TI  - [Pulmonary paragonimiasis. Report of 2 cases in children].

PMID- 3689562
TI  - [Prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis in twin pregnancy. The dilemma of genetic
      counseling].

PMID- 3689563
TI  - [Recommendation on oral fluid therapy in diarrhea].

PMID- 3689564
TI  - Behaviourally dependent modulation of lateral geniculate unit activity in the
      freely moving cat.
AB  - In 120 neurons of the cat's dorsal lateral geniculate body (dLGB), spontaneous
      and light-evoked activity was analysed in order to obtain further information on
      firing characteristics during different behavioural states (quietly sitting,
      locomotion). Experiments were carried out in freely moving cats, using wireless
      methods for simultaneous registration of single unit activity and locomotion.
      During locomotion, an enhancement of neuronal single and pool activity was
      observed. During locomotor activity, flash-evoked responses were modulated, an
      increase of response amplitude and a decrease of peak latency in the peristimulus
      time histogram occurred. The results demonstrate a facilitatory influence on
      spontaneous and light-evoked activity of dLGB neurones during locomotion. They
      suggest a non-visual phasic modulation of retino-geniculo-cortical information
      transfer.

PMID- 3689565
TI  - Neural response to the motion of textures in the lateral suprasylvian area of
      cats.
AB  - Neural response to the motion of visual texture was studied in the lateral
      suprasylvian area of anesthetized and immobilized cats. We used two types of
      texture: random noise (a Julesz pattern) and random stripes (parallel bars with
      random spacings). Among 152 neurons studied 73% responded to the motion of
      texture, and among these neurons 61% preferred the noise to the stripes. Textures
      with pixels between 1.6 degree and 4.8 degrees were most effective. Directional
      tuning of each neuron was usually wider to the noise than to the stripes. The
      neurons preferred lateral-downward directions of stimulation more often than the
      other directions. Possible involvement of the neurons in visually guided
      behaviors, such as optokinetic nystagmus, was discussed.

PMID- 3689566
TI  - Anterior limbic unit activity during delayed response in cats.
AB  - The extracellular activity of 328 units was recorded from the anterior limbic
      cortex of cats performing a spatial delayed response task (DR). The DR task
      required the cat to make a lever-press response after a delay period of a few
      seconds to a previously cued location. Of the cells recorded, 139 (42%) showed
      some relation to DR performance. Task-related units were assigned to one of eight
      class and type categories consistent with the cell's active phase during the
      trial periods. Class B units, 23% of the total number of cells recorded,
      responded during the cue and choice lights. Class C units, 9% of the total
      recorded, were responsive to the cue and throughout the delay until the lever
      press response. Class D units, 4% of the total, were related to the delay phase
      of DR only. Class E units, 6% of the cells, were active during the cue and
      displayed activity opposite in sign during the delay. Differential reactivity of
      units for left and right trials were observed for some units in the B,C, and E
      response categories, including some cells displaying differential activity during
      the delay period. It is concluded that visually driven sensory units typically
      responded to the cue and choice lights, whereas delay related units appeared to
      represent an intrinsic process, without postural or other external concomitants.

PMID- 3689567
TI  - Psychotropic effects of angiotensin II and III in rats: locomotor and exploratory
      vs cognitive behaviour.
AB  - One nmol of angiotensin II (AII) or angiotensin III (AIII) given
      intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) increased locomotor and exploratory activity
      in an open field apparatus but not in the electromagnetic field motimeter. Both
      peptides significantly enhanced stereotyped behaviour produced by apomorphine (2
      mg/kg) and amphetamine (6.5 mg/kg) given intraperitoneally. Also, AII and AIII
      improved consolidation but not retrieval of memory for an appetitively reinforced
      spatial discrimination task in a T-maze. AII as well as AIII, given prior to the
      learning session on day 1, increased rate of acquisition of conditioned avoidance
      responses in a shuttle-box over the next 7 days. Both angiotensins, injected
      i.c.v. 15 min before the retention testing, remarkably (5-fold) prolonged re
      entry latencies in the passive avoidance situation, suggesting facilitation of
      the retrieval of memory for an aversively motivated behaviour.

PMID- 3689568
TI  - Recovery from early cortical damage in rats. I. Differential behavioral and
      anatomical effects of frontal lesions at different ages of neural maturation.
AB  - Rats with complete removal of the cortex anterior to bregma in adulthood (frontal
      cortex) were compared behaviorally and neuroanatomically to rats with similar
      removals at 1, 5, or 10 days of age. The age at which animals received the
      cortical excision made a significant difference with respect to the development
      of the thalamus and the remaining cortex as well as the behavioral outcome in
      adulthood. There was a direct relationship between cortical thickness in
      adulthood and the age at surgery: the earlier the lesion the thinner the cortex.
      Part of this anatomical effect was acute, and could be observed within 24 h of
      surgery, but the major reduction in thickness was not observed until adolescence.
      Behaviorally, the animals were administered several tests including tongue
      extension, grooming, beam walking, swimming, and a spatial navigation task. Like
      the cortical measurements, the behavioral measurements showed a clear
      relationship between age at surgery and behavioral outcome: the earlier the
      lesion in infancy, the greater the behavioral impairments. Thus, whereas rats
      with lesions at 10 days of age showed behavioral sparing, relative to adult
      operates, on every measure, rats with lesions at 5 days of age performed at about
      the level of adult operates on most tests and rats with lesions at 1 day had more
      extensive behavioral impairments than all other groups. These results imply that
      the effects of cortical injury in infancy are tightly correlated with the precise
      level of neural maturation at the time of lesion.

PMID- 3689569
TI  - Rats with lesions in anteromedial extrastriate cortex fail to learn a
      visuosomatic conditional response.
AB  - The involvement of rat anteromedial extrastriate cortex (area AM, in the anterior
      portion of area 18b) in the integration of visual and somatic cues was assessed
      behaviorally. Following restricted bilateral lesions of selected cortical
      regions, rats were tested on their ability to retain or relearn a conditional
      visuosomatic discrimination task learned prior to surgery. Two compound,
      visuosomatic stimuli were used: white or black associated with either one of two
      degrees of roughness. The use of a guided-response procedure was essential for
      rats to learn this difficult conditional bimodal task. None of the 6 rats with
      lesions aimed at area AM retained the habit postoperatively. Four of these rats
      were incapable of relearning the task after 3 postoperative training series, and
      they had either extensive lesions of area AM or relatively small, symmetric
      damage of anterior portions of AM. The remaining two rats with lesions in area AM
      were able to relearn the task in the second postoperative training series, and
      their lesions either were restricted to posteromedial aspects of area AM or they
      involved asymmetric loci in anterior area AM. In contrast to rats with lesions of
      area AM, rats with lesions in visual cortex in areas 17 and 18a, or in auditory
      cortex in area 41, were able either to retain the task or to relearn in the first
      postoperative training series. These results indicate that the integrity of area
      AM appears necessary for rats to discriminate between pairs of compound stimuli
      that differ in brightness and roughness. The behavioural data point to the notion
      that this area might be involved in the integration of these types of visual and
      somatic stimuli. In addition, our finding that performance was largely unimpaired
      following extensive lesions of lateral extrastriate area supports previous
      reports indicating that medial and lateral extrastriate visual areas differ in
      function.

PMID- 3689570
TI  - The effects of glossopharyngeal and chorda tympani nerve cuts on the ingestion
      and rejection of sapid stimuli: an electromyographic analysis in the rat.
AB  - The present study tested the effects of bilateral section of either the chorda
      tympani or glossopharyngeal nerves on the production of oro-pharyngeal
      electromyographic (EMG) responses to intra-oral sapid stimulation. The responses
      of adult rats fitted with intra-oral cannulas and fine-wire electrodes in the
      anterior digastric (jaw opening) and thyropharyngeus (swallowing) muscles were
      examined following direct oral stimulation with water and 5 concentrations of
      sucrose, NaCl, and quinine monohydrochloride (QHCl). One group of rats was tested
      both before and after bilateral removal of the chorda tympani. A second group of
      rats was tested subsequent to bilateral removal of the glossopharyngeal nerves. A
      normal EMG response pattern to suprathreshold QHCl consisted of several intra
      oral licks followed by a series of large amplitude mouth openings (gapes). In
      addition, there was a longer latency to the first swallow following QHCl
      stimulation compared to water stimulation. Cutting either nerve affected this
      rejection response to QHCl, but produced little change in the ingestive response
      to the other stimuli. Following chorda tympani nerve cuts, rats showed an
      increased latency to the first gape and a small reduction in the number of gapes
      across the 5 concentrations of QHCl (16%). In contrast, bilateral section of the
      glossopharyngeal nerves produced a much larger reduction in the number of gapes
      (54%), but had no effect on the latency to the first gape. In addition, the
      latency to swallow suprathreshold QHCl was shorter following glossopharyngeal
      nerve cuts. These observations suggest that gustatory receptors on the anterior
      tongue, innervated by the chorda tympani, initiate a rejection response, but that
      receptors on the posterior tongue, innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve, are
      necessary for a sustained rejection sequence.

PMID- 3689571
TI  - Motor behaviour and visual discrimination after neonatal and adult
      hemidecortication in the rabbit.
AB  - In 5 groups of rabbits (0-1, 2-3, 4-5, 6-7 and 12-13 weeks old) the left frontal,
      parieto-temporal and occipital cortex were removed. Beginning two weeks after the
      operations the hopping reaction was tested during 15 weeks. It was found in the
      groups operated 0-1, 2-3 and 4-5 weeks after birth, that the hopping reaction
      developed normally. This was not the case in the animals operated 6-7 and 12-13
      weeks after birth. Brightness discrimination with the left and right eye was
      tested in the same animals, beginning 12 weeks after the operation. Contrary to
      the motor system, no age-dependent recovery was found in the visual system. In
      all age groups, brightness discrimination with the eye contralateral to the
      lesion was impaired.

PMID- 3689572
TI  - Spatial discrimination in goldfish following bilateral tectal ablation.
AB  - Goldfish were classically conditioned to discriminate between right and left or
      nasal and temporal presentations of a spot-of-light conditioned stimulus (CS).
      After the conditioning, the fish were administered bilateral optic tectum
      ablation followed by weekly sessions of conditioning trials to test for retention
      or relearning of the discrimination response. As their behavioral
      photosensitivity is greatly decreased, the ablates were dark-adapted prior to
      each session and trials were administered in darkness. Right x left
      discrimination was retained postoperatively but the nasal x temporal
      discrimination was blocked. Sham-operated controls discriminated between the
      nasal and temporal CS when dark-adapted and tested in darkness. Subsequent
      transection of the optic nerves obliterated response to the CS, indicating that
      tectum ablates detect and respond to the CS retinally and not extraretinally. We
      conclude that memory of visual spatial learning is mediated by non-tectal brain
      structures and that the ablate can discriminate between right- and left-eye input
      but sees the CS too diffusely to distinguish its location within the monocular
      field.

PMID- 3689573
TI  - The good death: registered nurses' concerns about ethical issues.

PMID- 3689574
TI  - Caring and professional commitment.

PMID- 3689575
TI  - Critical issues in tertiary nursing faculty development.

PMID- 3689576
TI  - Tertiary nursing students: a changing demographic profile?

PMID- 3689577
TI  - [Cleaning of machines for pharmaceutical production: microbiological
      investigation to establish validation procedures].

PMID- 3689578
TI  - [Advantages of "just in time" oriented management in the pharmaceutical
      industry].

PMID- 3689579
TI  - [Criteria in defining the priority of synthetic flavoring agents].

PMID- 3689580
TI  - Preparation and use of isolated intestinal cells for toxicological studies.

PMID- 3689581
TI  - Carcinoma in situ of the vulva. Long term prognosis.
AB  - Seventy-four patients with carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the vulva were followed
      over a 10-year period. The mean age was 52.8 years (range 21 to 90 years).
      Pruritus was the most common symptom. Forty per cent of the women were
      asymptomatic. Twenty-three per cent had a history of carcinoma in situ of the
      uterine cervix. Single lesions of CIS were found in the perineal area in 22 per
      cent, in the labia major and minor in 23 per cent, and in the clitoris in 7 per
      cent. Forty-two per cent of the patients had CIS in two or more of those areas.
      Seven of 74 patients (10%) had previously been irradiated for pelvic malignant
      tumours. Three women developed invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva, two
      of them were previously irradiated. All 74 patients were treated surgically in
      different ways. Out of 38 women with histologically free margins of surgery, 6
      had recurrence of dysplasia or CIS.

PMID- 3689583
TI  - Food preferences, nutrient intake and nutritional status in cancer patients.
AB  - Food intake and nutritional status were estimated in 34 cancer patients (14
      patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and 20 patients with relapse of different
      cancers) and 25 healthy subjects (control group). A two-month dietary history
      based on Burke's method was used to estimate food intake. Nutritional status was
      expressed by weight, anthropometric parameters and hematologic parameters. The
      patients' intake of cheese, eggs, rye bread, and poultry was reduced compared to
      controls. The difference in food preferences resulted in a higher energy supply
      from carbohydrate and a lower intake of indigestible carbohydrate, vitamin B12,
      iron and iodine in patients than in controls. The groups did not differ in
      anthropometric parameters, but a decreased total serum protein, albumin and
      hemoglobin was observed in patients, whereas their alpha-globulin levels were
      increased. Thus, food preferences in cancer patients seem to be associated with
      insufficient intake of nutrients.

PMID- 3689582
TI  - Ewing's sarcoma. A retrospective study of prognostic factors and treatment
      results.
AB  - A material of 87 consecutive patients with Ewing's sarcoma referred for treatment
      in the period 1962-1983 was retrospectively analysed. Thirteen patients had
      metastases at the time of diagnosis. Of the remainder, 71 received radiation
      therapy and 32 adjuvant chemotherapy. Survival rate was not influenced by age,
      sex or treatment delay. Metastatic disease predictably shortened survival (median
      6 months vs. 23 months for localized disease). Tumour site did not significantly
      influence survival rate, although pelvic localization was associated with a
      slightly shorter median survival. Both pain and objective impairment of movement
      at presentation correlated to a poorer prognosis, possibly because of larger
      tumours or soft tissue extension. Adjuvant chemotherapy prolonged recurrence-free
      survival from a median of 6 months to 16 months, but survival was not improved
      significantly. Local failure occurred in about 40 per cent, regardless of
      radiation dose and tumour site. At the time of evaluation, 13 patients (15%) were
      alive with no evidence of disease and a median follow-up time of 68 months (range
      16-196). So far, 2 patients have developed secondary malignancies in irradiated
      areas (one malignant fibrous histiocytoma and one osteogenic sarcoma).

PMID- 3689584
TI  - Estimation of long-term salivary gland damage induced by radiotherapy.
AB  - A classification is proposed for estimating salivary gland damage induced by
      radiotherapy to the head and neck. The volume of salivary glands irradiated was
      evaluated, and their relative proportions of whole saliva output were calculated.
      Stimulated salivary flow rate was measured in 61 patients treated with
      radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies. A highly significant negative
      correlation was found between the classification of salivary gland damage and
      stimulated salivary flow rate. The volume of the major salivary glands irradiated
      seems to be the most important factor affecting the postirradiation salivary flow
      after a curative dose of radiotherapy. If possible, partial sparing of the
      salivary glands may help to keep the patient's salivary secretion at an
      acceptable level and promote protection against dental caries. Most patients
      irradiated to the head and neck, however, need an effective prophylactic
      programme for the rest of their lives in order to preserve their teeth.

PMID- 3689585
TI  - Colour visualization as an aid to the comparison of treatment plans for prostatic
      carcinoma.
AB  - The conventional treatment plan is usually presented as a longitudinal set of
      axial cross-sections showing the patient contour and selected anatomical
      features, together with a set of isodose lines. It is difficult to interpret the
      correlation between dose, target and organs at risk, and the comparison of
      several plans is time-consuming and highly subjective. This procedure has been
      improved by modifying a treatment planning system to provide 'images of regret',
      in which regions are shown in appropriate colour if the planned dose distribution
      is at variance with prescribed conditions defining limits of acceptability. The
      method has been used for planning treatment for localized prostatic cancer, and
      found to be useful for the rapid selection of the optimal treatment plan from a
      set of alternatives.

PMID- 3689586
TI  - Bacterial growth measurement using an automated system: mathematical modelling
      and analysis of growth kinetics.
AB  - The reliability of automated systems was assessed by simultaneously using an MS2
      and a methodology of data interpretation/mathematical modelling. Two experimental
      situations were analysed. Bacterial growth both in synthetic and in complex media
      could be well described by Monod's model and the logistic model. In the two
      cases, the fit of the models to the data was satisfactory.

PMID- 3689587
TI  - Detection of lectin from Chrysosporium keratinophilum (Frey) carmichael and
      Anixiopsis stercoraria (Hansen) Hansen by inhibition of haemagglutination.
AB  - Several strains of Chrysosporium keratinophilum and Anixiopsis stercoraria
      agglutinate the red blood cells of different origins (man, sheep, rabbit, mouse).
      The best agglutination was obtained with rabbit erythrocytes. The inhibition
      experiments by carbohydrate solutions (oses, osamines and glycoproteins) were
      performed with 3 haemagglutination units of these fungi and revealed the lectin
      nature of this haemagglutinin, as evidenced by the specific inhibiting activity
      of N-acetyl-neuraminic acid. Preliminary studies seemed to indicate that this
      lectin is a thermostable protein, and that the haemagglutination activity is
      calcium-dependent.

PMID- 3689588
TI  - [Characterization of a 7th subspecies of Salmonella: S. choleraesuis subsp.
      indica subsp. nov].
AB  - A new Salmonella subspecies designated as S. choleraesuis subsp. indica (shortly,
      subspecies VI) was delineated on the basis of biochemical characters and genomic
      relatedness. Eight serovars were assigned to this subspecies: one of these was
      previously classified in subspecies I (serovar Ferlac) and seven in subspecies
      II. This subspecies can be identified by five biochemical characters:
      gelatinase+, malonate-, L(+)tartrate-, salicin- and sorbitol-. The type strain is
      CIP 102501 (serovar 1,6,14,25:a:e,n,x formerly called Ferlac).

PMID- 3689589
TI  - [Growth of lignocellulolytic microorganisms on activated sludge: potential
      application].
AB  - A culture medium containing activated sludge and sawdust supports the growth of
      numerous lignocellulolytic microorganisms. One of them, Phanerochaete
      chrysosporium could be used in a composite feed for ruminants.

PMID- 3689590
TI  - The electron-transparent zone in phagocytized Mycobacterium avium and other
      mycobacteria: formation, persistence and role in bacterial survival.
AB  - After phagocytosis by bone-marrow macrophages, Mycobacterium avium was surrounded
      by a thick electron-transparent zone (ETZ). The use of various fixation and
      embedding procedures showed that ETZ did not seem to be an artifactual structure.
      A quantitative assessment of ETZ frequency was performed at different times after
      infection of macrophages with SmD and SmT colony variants of M. avium. For SmT
      variant-infected macrophages, a higher percentage of ETZ+ bacilli paralleled a
      higher percentage of intact bacilli than was the case for SmD-infected
      macrophages. Macrophages were also infected with bacteria killed with UV or gamma
      rays, H2O2, heat or glutaraldehyde. About 50% of bacilli killed with any of these
      treatments were found ETZ+ instead of 80-85% with live bacteria. Unlike live
      bacilli, for which the percentage of ETZ frequency remained stable throughout
      incubation time, ETZ frequency for killed bacilli decreased with time. ETZ
      assessment performed on M. tuberculosis H37 Rv for comparison showed that,
      despite a very low ETZ frequency (8-15%), the percentage of intact bacteria was
      identical to that observed with M. avium. In contrast, three rapidly growing non
      pathogenic species (M. smegmatis, M. phlei and M. fallax) presented a low ETZ
      frequency after phagocytosis and were rapidly degraded. The process of ETZ
      formation and its role in bacterial survival are discussed.

PMID- 3689592
TI  - Primary melanotic schwannoma of the spinal canal.
AB  - A rare case of primitive melanotic schwannoma of the spinal canal associated with
      an angiomatous formation pushing against the spinal cord is reported. A study by
      immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy was performed. The positivity for S
      100 protein, demonstrated by immunoperoxidase, could indicate that the tumor
      originates from the Schwann cell. The ultrastructural findings suggest that
      Schwann cells are capable of producing melanin. In our case the patient is alive
      and without evidence of the tumor 3 years after surgery. The existence of benign
      variants of melanotic tumors arising in the central nervous system is emphasized,
      based on this case and on those previously reported in the literature.

PMID- 3689591
TI  - Myoglobin, desmin and vimentin in ultrastructurally proven rhabdomyomas and
      rhabdomyosarcomas. An immunohistochemical study utilizing a series of monoclonal
      and polyclonal antibodies.
AB  - The present study is an immunohistochemical analysis utilizing a series of mono-
      and polyclonal antibodies to myoglobin, desmin and vimentin in smooth and
      striated control muscle tissues, 7 alveolar and 7 embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas and
      1 adult and 1 fetal rhabdomyoma with ultrastructurally proven rhabdomyoblastic
      differentiation in all the tumors. Formaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded
      tissue was used for the immunohistochemical analysis of all the tumors, while
      ethanol fixation was also used for the analysis of the control tissues. The
      staining for myoglobin with the poly- and monoclonal antibody used was positive
      in both formaldehyde- and ethanol-fixed skeletal and cardiac control muscle.
      Trypsin treatment abolished the positive staining when the monoclonal antibody
      was used. Both the striated and smooth control muscle tissues were positively
      stained by the antidesmin antibodies. The influence of the fixative that was used
      and the trypsin treatment depended on the antibody used and the type and origin
      of the muscle tissue. All the tumors were positively stained with the polyclonal
      antimyoglobin and 8/14 rhabdomyosarcomas and the 2 rhabdomyomas were positively
      stained with the monoclonal antimyoglobin. All the tumors were positively stained
      with the polyclonal and 3 of the 5 monoclonal antidesmin antibodies used. Well
      differentiated tumor cells were usually positively stained for both myoglobin and
      desmin. There were small, poorly differentiated tumor cells in the
      rhabdomyosarcomas and the fetal rhabdomyoma which were positively stained for
      desmin, whereas very few or no such cells were positively stained for myoglobin.
      A varying number of mostly small, poorly differentiated tumor cells were
      positively stained for vimentin in 12 of 14 rhabdomyosarcomas and in the fetal
      rhabdomyoma. The study showed that one of the monoclonal antidesmin antibodies
      produced the most consistent result with a positive staining in all cases. The
      monoclonal antimyoglobin antibody, which is a specific marker of rhabdomyoblastic
      differentiation, is also considered to be of value, although it did not produce
      positivity in all cases. It remains to be shown whether desmin can help in the
      diagnosis of poorly or undifferentiated rhabdomyosarcomas without light- or
      electron-microscopic evidence of rhabdomyoblastic differentiation.

PMID- 3689593
TI  - [Small infarction of the basal ganglia in childhood].

PMID- 3689594
TI  - [Brain development in the symptomatic obesity model mouse with brain dysfunction.
      II. Dendritic development of neurons in the cerebral cortex].

PMID- 3689595
TI  - [Outcome in full-term asphyxiated neonates: correlation of perinatal factors and
      the prognosis].

PMID- 3689596
TI  - [Auditory brain-stem response audiometry in children with delayed speech and
      language development].

PMID- 3689597
TI  - [Pituitary dwarfism associated with morning glory syndrome and transsphenoidal
      encephalocele: a case report].

PMID- 3689598
TI  - [Severe type arthrogryposis multiplex congenita with pseudohypoaldosteronism].

PMID- 3689599
TI  - [A case with infantile spasms due to herpes simplex type 1 virus encephalitis].

PMID- 3689600
TI  - [A case of subacute encephalitis with psychiatric symptoms].

PMID- 3689601
TI  - [A hypotonic patient wit hypokalemic periodic paralysis and myopathic pathology
      associated with nucleolysis].

PMID- 3689602
TI  - Molecular genetics of human leukemias and lymphomas.

PMID- 3689603
TI  - [Distribution of motor nerve conduction velocities in the ulnar nerve--a control
      study, its clinical application and limitations].
AB  - The goal of measuring the conduction velocity of a peripheral nerve is to
      describe the distribution of conduction velocities (DCV) of each nerve fiber in a
      nerve bundle examined. The author devised a fully automatized method to describe
      the DCV of a nerve bundle with a signal processor. The principle of the method is
      nerve impulse collision method which was devised by Hopf in 1963. DCV of the
      ulnar nerve innervating the first dorsal interosseous muscle from the elbow to
      the wrist was examined in sixty five normal subjects without any evidence of
      peripheral nerve problems, in ninety seven patients with diabetes mellitus (DM)
      and in five normal subjects whose forearm was cooled. Maximum conduction velocity
      at the same region was measured by using conventional method and compared to the
      DCV. In control group, there was very mild influence of aging on the peak
      velocity of DCV but there was no statistically significant deference of mean DCV
      pattern between any decade of age. In this group a bimodal distribution of
      velocities was demonstrated. It is assumed that the distribution represents
      populations of motor fibers innervating the fast and the slow twitch muscle
      fibers in this muscle. Those results in patients with DM and those normal
      subjects with their forearm was cooled were controversial. In patients with DM
      the peak velocity of DCV and its density has positive correlation, in contrast
      those cold injury group has negative correlation. It might be represents that the
      pathological condition of large fiber loss in the former group and small fiber
      damage in the latter group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3689604
TI  - [Nerve conduction study using inching technique].

PMID- 3689605
TI  - [A new method of measuring the distribution of the nerve conduction velocities in
      the frequency domain].

PMID- 3689606
TI  - [Cerebral protective effect of flunarizine in a canine model of cerebral
      ischemia].
AB  - Recently there is the hypothesis proposing that ischemic brain damage is
      associated with intracellular accumulation of calcium (Ca++). Therefore a variety
      of experiments have been carried out to investigate whether a Ca++-entry blocker
      was able to protect against brain damage caused by ischemia. The purpose of the
      present experiment is to study the protective effects of a Ca++ antagonist,
      flunarizine, on cerebral ischemia. In this experiment fifteen dogs were subjected
      to ischemia, using the "canine model of the completely ischemic brain regulated
      with a perfusion method" in which the cerebral blood flow (CBF) can be fully
      regulated. Five animals served as untreated controls, ten received treatment with
      flunarizine (1 mg/kg in five dogs and 3 mg/kg in five dogs, respectively). This
      agent was administered intravenously 20 minutes prior to the production of
      ischemia, when cerebral blood flow was reduced to one-tenth its normal value
      while monitoring CBF by means of a laser-Doppler flow meter. After one hour CBF
      was restored and the recovery of electrical activity of the brain and the degree
      of brain swelling were observed for three hours. At the end of the experiments,
      the degree of extravasation of Evans blue in the excised brain was examined. With
      regard to the recovery of EEG, no recovery of EEG was seen subsequent to
      recirculation except one dog in the control group. Whereas in the groups treated
      with flunarizine, remarkable recovery of EEG was found following recirculation in
      a dose dependent fasion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3689607
TI  - [Synaptogenesis and axon collaterals coming from the white matter in the upper
      cervical cord of the 10 day (stage 36) chick embryo--Golgi and electron
      microscopic studies].
AB  - Our previous study with 3H-thymidine autoradiography showed that neurons of the
      zona spongiosa, the nucleus proprius of the dorsal horn, the zona intermedia and
      the ventralhorn differentiated earlier than those of the substantia gelatinosa
      and the neck and the base of the dorsal horn, and that neurons of the substantia
      gelatinosa which were the last to differentiate reached their final position at
      stage 36 (Fig. 1). In the upper cervical cord of chick embryos at stage 36 when
      all spinal neurons finished cell migration and the cytoarchitecture similar to
      that of the cat spinal cord (Rexed, 1952) could be recognized (cf. Figs. 1, 3B),
      we studied the distribution of synapses by the electron microphotomontage (Fig. 3
      A) and the morphology of axon collaterals coming from the white matter by the
      Golgi method (Fig. 4), in order to examine i) which spinal neurons have synaptic
      contacts at this stage and ii) what part of the axon collateral makes synaptic
      contacts. In the white matter, synapses were numerous around the gray matter and
      they were few in the peripheral part along the external surface of the cord. The
      paucity of synapses in the peripheral part was explained by a finding that
      dendrites reaching the external surface of the cord were few in number at this
      stage (cf. Fig. 3 C). In the gray matter, synapses were more numerous and denser
      in the zona intermedia and the ventral horn than in the dorsal horn.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3689608
TI  - [Electron microscopic observation of cells ensheathing axons and their
      association with basal lamina in sciatic-nerve-grafted spinal cords].
AB  - In transected and reanastomosed peripheral nerve, cells proliferate in the scar
      which unites the proximal and distal cut ends of the nerve. Those cells are
      considered to produce favorable effects on the advancement of naked axons, and
      ultrastructural studies have revealed that the naked axons are partially or
      completely ensheathed by cells in the union scar. On the other hand, in a spinal
      cord model, structure with a histological appearance similar to that of the union
      scar in the transected peripheral nerve has been produced experimentally by
      delayed autogenous sciatic nerve grafting into the transected spinal cord gap. In
      the present study, the same spinal cord model was used and an electron
      microscopic study of the junctional area between the spinal cord and grafted
      nerve was carried out in an attempt to answer the following questions: (1) Do
      cells in the spinal cord-nerve graft junction ensheath axons? And, if so, (2) is
      it possible to identify these cells? Five adult dogs were used for the
      experiment. One week after the first spinal cord transection, the wound was
      opened, necrotic materials in the gap were carefully removed microsurgically, and
      segments of autogenous sciatic nerve were placed in the gap of the spinal cord.
      The dogs were killed at 1 and 3 weeks, 3, 9 and 12 months after the delayed nerve
      grafting and electron microscopic observations were made. The cells which
      ensheathed axons at the graft junction were classified into five morphologically
      identifiable cell types: migratory Schwann cells, committed Schwann cells,
      astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and macrophages.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3689609
TI  - Relationship between lower oesophageal contractility, clinical signs and
      halothane concentration during general anaesthesia and surgery in man.
AB  - The effects of a range of concentrations of halothane upon lower oesophageal
      contractility (LOC) and on defined clinical signs has been studied in patients
      undergoing surgery. Changes in clinical signs were assigned a numerical value by
      means of a scoring system. One hundred and eighty-one sets of measurements were
      made in 46 patients exposed to concentrations of halothane between 2.0 and 0.5
      minimum alveolar concentration (MAC). The results were examined to identify
      relationships between (i) the clinical signs and alveolar halothane
      concentration, (ii) the clinical signs and LOC and (iii) the changes in LOC and
      alveolar concentration; significant correlations were found between these
      variables. Decreasing alveolar halothane concentration was associated with an
      increase in LOC and these increases in LOC were also associated with increases in
      the clinical score.

PMID- 3689610
TI  - A dose-response study with nalbuphine hydrochloride for pain in patients after
      upper abdominal surgery.
AB  - Six male patients were studied on the morning following upper abdominal surgery
      for highly selective vagotomy. Nalbuphine hydrochloride was infused i.v. at
      different rates that increased progressively in each hour over a 4-h period. In
      the last 15 min of each hour, the plasma nalbuphine concentrations were almost
      steady (73-68, 71-82, 116-113 and 201-208 ng ml-1). Patients and an observer made
      hourly assessments of pain and sedation. Although the changes in the pain and
      sedation scores were not significant, the patients' mean pain scores increased
      when the mean plasma nalbuphine concentrations were greater (greater than 82 ng
      ml-1), which suggested that nalbuphine analgesia had been reversed. Nalbuphine
      caused sedation and possibly induced amnesia which could invalidate retrospective
      assessment, since the patients' assessment of analgesic efficacy at the end of
      the study was good. No cardiovascular depression or significant decrease in the
      ventilatory rate was recorded.

PMID- 3689611
TI  - General anaesthesia in mothers with severe pre-eclampsia/eclampsia.
AB  - Twenty patients with severe pregnancy induced (PIH) or pregnancy aggravated (PAH)
      hypertension, undergoing general anaesthesia for Caesarean section were studied.
      All patients received a standard anaesthetic technique designed to control the
      potentially dangerous, reflex cardiovascular instability associated with
      laryngoscopy. The average increase in systolic arterial pressure (SAP) was 56.4
      mm Hg following laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation.

PMID- 3689612
TI  - Fentanyl-droperidol supplementation of rapid sequence induction in the presence
      of severe pregnancy-induced and pregnancy-aggravated hypertension.
AB  - Twenty-six patients manifesting severe pregnancy-induced (PIH) or pregnancy
      aggravated (PAH) hypertension who presented for emergency Caesarean section under
      general anaesthesia were studied. All patients came from a previously identified
      high risk group--namely greater than 25 yr, multiparous and with diastolic
      arterial pressures sustained at greater than 120 mm Hg. Our standard accelerated
      induction technique for the management of severely hypertensive mothers was
      modified to include the use of fentanyl and droperidol before induction. This
      modification of the induction sequence produced a clinically significant
      amelioration of the reflex sympathetic hypertensive response to laryngoscopy and
      intubation in most mothers receiving antihypertensive therapy, without apparent
      deleterious effect in the immediate postoperative period to those neonates
      unaffected by intrauterine asphyxia.

PMID- 3689613
TI  - Haemodynamic effects of the i.v. administration of cimetidine or ranitidine in
      the critically ill patient. A double-blind prospective study.
AB  - The cardiovascular effects of i.v. cimetidine 200 mg or ranitidine 50 mg were
      investigated in a double-blind cross-over study of 20 critically ill patients in
      an intensive therapy unit. Both agents caused transient decreases in mean
      arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance, although there was no
      significant change in heart rate, cardiac output, central venous pressure,
      pulmonary artery wedge pressure or pulmonary vascular resistance in either group.
      The hypotensive, systemic vasodilatory effect was more common after cimetidine
      than after ranitidine. Also, it was significantly greater after cimetidine. Both
      histamine H2-receptor antagonists may cause hypotension in the critically ill
      patient.

PMID- 3689614
TI  - Gastric emptying: a study to compare the effects of intrathecal morphine and i.m.
      papaveretum analgesia.
AB  - Gastric emptying was studied in two groups of 10 patients who underwent elective
      cholecystectomy. The groups were comparable for age, weight and duration of
      operation. Gastric emptying was measured with a radioisotopic technique using
      Tc99m-DTPA (diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid) before, and 24 h after,
      surgery. Analgesia was provided by intrathecal morphine 0.8 mg alone (group A) or
      by i.m. papaveretum 10 mg, administered as required, plus one additional dose 1 h
      before the postoperative measurement (group B). Control gastric emptying rates
      were not significantly different in the two groups (mean +/- SD: A = 76.6 +/-
      23.0 ml; B = 81.8 +/- 16.3 ml in 30 min). After surgery, gastric emptying was
      significantly greater in group A (42.9 +/- 35.6 ml) than in group B (11.0 +/-
      27.9 ml) (P less than 0.05).

PMID- 3689615
TI  - Effect of extradural morphine on somatosensory evoked potentials to dermatomal
      stimulation.
AB  - The effect of the extradural (L2-3) administration of morphine 6 mg on early
      (less than 0.5 s) somatosensory evoked cortical potentials (SEP) to electrical
      stimulation of the L1- and S1-dermatomes was examined in eight patients.
      Extradural morphine did not influence SEP amplitude. SEP latency did not change,
      except for a minor increase in the latencies of the onset and the P2 components
      following S1 stimulation.

PMID- 3689617
TI  - Bupivacaine with and without adrenaline in interscalene brachial plexus blockade.
      Studies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - The action of adrenaline on the pharmacokinetics of bupivacaine has been tested
      during two successive interscalene brachial plexus blocks in 10 patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis. The mean venous serum Cmax of bupivacaine after using it
      with or without adrenaline 1:200000 were 1.49 +/- 0.41 micrograms ml-1 and 2.46
      +/- 0.85 micrograms ml-1, respectively. In spite of relatively high total serum
      concentrations, we could not detect any evidence of toxicity from bupivacaine.
      Significant tachycardia was seen after bupivacaine with adrenaline, but systolic
      and diastolic arterial pressures did not change significantly in any session.
      Marked subjective side effects were noticed only after bupivacaine with
      adrenaline (shivering twice and palpitations once). The serum protein bound
      fraction of bupivacaine was higher in rheumatic patients than in our healthy
      controls: 97.1 +/- 2.4% and 91.3 +/- 3.6%, respectively. Thus bupivacaine as a
      local anaesthetic agent seems to be even safer in patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis than in normal healthy volunteers, because of lower free fraction in
      the former.

PMID- 3689616
TI  - Effect of extradural bupivacaine or i.v. diamorphine on calf blood flow in
      patients after surgery.
AB  - Strain gauge venous occlusion plethysmography was used to measure arterial flow,
      venous capacity and maximum venous outflow in the calves of seven patients
      undergoing gynaecological surgery. Plethysmography was performed before surgery,
      before, and for 30 min after, the extradural injection of 0.5% bupivacaine. On
      the morning after surgery, 0.5% bupivacaine was injected extradurally and
      plethysmography performed. With regression of the extradural blockade and the re
      emergence of pain, analgesia was produced with diamorphine i.v. and
      plethysmography repeated. Control measurements were also made. Compared with a
      mean control value of 100% (3.4 ml dl-1 min-1) calf arterial flow increased from
      160% to 285% after the preoperative extradural blockade, and from 123% to 191%
      following the postoperative analgesic extradural blockade, but there was no
      significant change when pain was relieved after i.v. diamorphine. Mean arterial
      pressure changed insignificantly after all the injections. No significant changes
      were measured in venous capacity or maximum venous outflow.

PMID- 3689619
TI  - Variations in the flow of cerebrospinal fluid through spinal needles.
AB  - The dimensions of currently available spinal needles (0.7 mm (22-gauge) to 0.45
      mm (26-gauge) external diameter) were measured and compared with the
      International Standard (ISO 7864-1984 E). The in vitro performance of the needles
      was assessed by comparing times to appearance of cerebrospinal fluid and flow
      rates through the needles. There were wide variations in the measurements and
      performance of the different needles.

PMID- 3689618
TI  - Continuous extradural anaesthesia in children. Clinical and haemodynamic
      implications.
AB  - This study reports the experience of a department of paediatric anaesthesia with
      234 continuous extradural anaesthetics performed in 229 children over a 15-month
      period. Fifty-nine of the children were aged 0-2 yr, 71 were aged 2-8 yr and 104
      were older than 8 yr. The surgical procedures lasted more than 60 min (mean 150
      +/- 10.6 min); all were carried out under light general anaesthesia. Technical
      procedure and difficulties are reported. The only local anaesthetic agent used
      was bupivacaine with or without adrenaline. Mean initial dosage was 0.75 ml kg-1
      for children weighing less than 20 kg and 1 ml/10 cm of height for children
      taller than 100 cm. Using 0.25% bupivacaine mean times until a further injection
      were 92.0 +/- 2.0 min for bupivacaine with adrenaline and 71.0 +/- 2.5 min for
      bupivacaine without adrenaline (P less than 0.001). A much longer duration of
      analgesia was found for younger children using the solution with adrenaline. A
      haemodynamic study was performed in 74 unpremedicated children (ASA I; aged 0-2
      yr (n = 15), 2-8 yr (n = 26) and older than 8 yr (n = 35). Before induction of
      anaesthesia, heart rate (HR) was significantly increased in the youngest
      children, but no significant change was found for systolic arterial pressure
      (SAP). After extradural anaesthesia with 0.25% bupivacaine with adrenaline
      1:200000, minimal changes in HR or SAP occurred in children younger than 8 yr; in
      those older than 8 yr a significant decrease in both HR and SAP was observed.
      Changes in SAP were at their maximum 25 min after the extradural block and
      changes in HR were not statistically significant before the 25th min following
      injection of local anaesthetic. The catheter remained in place in 155 children
      for postoperative analgesia, mainly for the first 48 h.

PMID- 3689621
TI  - A new design of intubating forceps.

PMID- 3689622
TI  - Extradural blockade and intracranial pressure.

PMID- 3689620
TI  - Dangers of anaesthesia in Munchausen's syndrome.
AB  - Patients with Munchausen's syndrome often undergo multiple surgical operations
      under general anaesthesia. They tend to have multiple exposures to routinely used
      anaesthetic agents. A patient with Munchausen's syndrome who developed an
      anaphylactoid reaction to thiopentone is described and the importance of
      obtaining previous case notes is stressed.

PMID- 3689623
TI  - Intracranial hypertension and caudal anaesthesia.

PMID- 3689624
TI  - Platelet activation following intravenous injection of a conventional heparin:
      absence of effect with a low molecular weight heparinoid (Org 10172).
AB  - 1. The effects of an intravenous injection of a conventional high molecular
      weight heparin (HMWH) were compared with those of a low molecular weight
      heparinoid (Org 10172). A bolus injection of HMWH (5000 iu) was associated with:
      (a) a small but significant prolongation of bleeding time (BT); (b) a significant
      fall in PRP platelet count; (c) significantly enhanced platelet aggregation; and
      (d) significantly increased platelet thromboxane A2 (TXA2) release. These changes
      were not observed following the intravenous injection of Org 10172 (3200 anti Xa
      U). 2. These experiments were repeated following the oral administration of
      acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). HMWH again caused some enhancement of platelet
      aggregation despite the ASA-mediated inhibition of platelet aggregation and TXA2
      release. Administration of Org 10172 to subjects taking ASA did not alter any of
      the platelet function indices. 3. In additional control experiments the injection
      of 5000 iu of HMWH was associated with a significant fall in PRP but not whole
      blood platelet counts. This finding suggests that the fall in PRP platelet count
      is a methodological artefact. 4. The HMWH also induced a significantly greater
      increase in serum non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations than Org 10172.
      5. The present findings indicate that Org 10172 is a less potent stimulator of
      platelet aggregation and lipolysis than HMWH. 6. The minor prolongation of the BT
      after HMWH is not compatible with enhanced aggregation but may be a consequence
      of alterations in the activity of coagulation factors and vascular-platelet
      interactions or of ongoing platelet activation accompanied by granule depletion.
      7. The different effects of the two anticoagulants assessed suggests a
      therapeutic advantage in favour of Org 10172, especially in patients with
      hyperactive platelets.

PMID- 3689625
TI  - Early cardiovascular changes with ibopamine: evidence for a biphasic haemodynamic
      action.
AB  - 1. The haemodynamic effects of ibopamine, an oral dopamine derivative, were
      studied in eight patients with left ventricular dysfunction using invasive
      catheterisation techniques. 2. An early rise was seen in the mean right atrial
      pressure (P less than 0.05), the mean capillary wedge pressure (P less than 0.01)
      and the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (P less than 0.001) which occurred at 15
      min and persisted for 30 min. 3. A second, later, positive chronotropic effect
      was seen as an increase in the heart rate (P less than 0.05) at 45 min with an
      increased cardiac output (P less than 0.05) persisting above baseline values at 1
      h, but with no change in stroke volume. 4. These results support a biphasic mode
      of action for ibopamine which may be explained by a time phase difference in
      alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor stimulatory effects.

PMID- 3689626
TI  - The effect of a new inotropic agent, DPI 201-106, on systolic time intervals and
      the electrocardiogram in healthy subjects.
AB  - 1. DPI 201-106 (DPI) is a novel inotropic agent, with Na+ channel agonistic
      action combined with a sensitization of contractile proteins to Ca++. In a double
      blind trial in healthy volunteers (n = 20) cardiovascular effects (blood
      pressure, heart rate, ECG) of single oral doses were studied. In addition
      systolic time intervals (STIs) were assessed in 10 of these subjects. DPI plasma
      concentrations were measured by h.p.l.c. 2. Preejection period was shortened by
      14 ms (P less than 0.01) and 30 ms (P less than 0.01) 1 h after 30 and 60 mg,
      respectively, suggesting a dose-dependent inotropic effect. Heart rate was
      slightly reduced after both doses. Mean blood pressure remained unchanged. 3.
      Corrected QT interval duration (QTc) was prolonged by a mean of 7 ms (NS) and 22
      ms (P less than 0.001) 1 h after 30 and 60 mg, respectively. PQ and QRS intervals
      remained unaffected. 4. Peak plasma levels were attained at 1-2 h and the
      terminal elimination half-life was approximately 15 h. 5. It is concluded that
      DPI has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic properties which make it
      potentially useful for the treatment of heart failure.

PMID- 3689627
TI  - Converting-enzyme inhibition buffers the counter-regulatory response to acute
      administration of nicardipine.
AB  - 1. To investigate the interaction of angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE)
      inhibitor and calcium antagonist, we conducted a double-blind randomized, placebo
      controlled crossover study of a new ACE inhibitor (CGS 14824 A, 20 mg) during
      intravenous administration (i.v.) of nicardipine in eight normotensive healthy
      subjects. Nicardipine was infused to give cumulative doses of 1.25, 3.75, and
      8.75 mg after 10, 20 and 30 min. 2. ACE inhibition was demonstrated 24 h after
      the first CGS 14 824 A intake (61%). Three hours after the second dose this
      inhibition was more marked (98%). 3. I.v. nicardipine administration induced a
      significant and similar fall in systolic or diastolic blood pressure with and
      without ACE activity (-3/-6 vs -2/-8%), while tachycardia was significantly
      decreased by CGS 14 824 A (+14 vs +30%, P less than 0.02). The increase of plasma
      noradrenaline was also significantly blunted (+1.8 +/- 0.3 vs +3.1 +/- 0.7 pmol
      ml-1, P less than 0.05). 4. Active and total plasma renin increased at the end of
      nicardipine infusion in the presence or absence of ACE inhibition. Inactive renin
      did not increase after nicardipine infusion under placebo. It was higher 3 h
      after the second intake of CGS 14 824 A and then increased after nicardipine
      infusion. 5. The rise in plasma aldosterone during i.v. calcium antagonist
      infusion was diminished after ACE inhibition (126 +/- 39 vs 277 +/- 120 pmol l-1,
      P less than 0.02). 6. In conclusion, converting-enzyme inhibition buffers the
      rise in heart rate, plasma noradrenaline and plasma aldosterone induced by acute
      calcium blockade.

PMID- 3689628
TI  - The trans-hepatic extraction of nifedipine.
AB  - 1. The trans-hepatic extraction of nifedipine during steady state infusion was
      studied in six patients undergoing cardiac catheterisation for suspected coronary
      disease. 2. Mean extraction ratio across the liver was 0.64 but hepatic clearance
      accounted for a mean of only 65% of total body clearance. 3. These results are
      consistent with the liver as the major site of metabolism of nifedipine, but also
      suggest that significant metabolism occurs outside the liver.

PMID- 3689629
TI  - Inhibition of exercise-induced asthma by nifedipine: a dose-response study.
AB  - 1. The effect of three single doses of nifedipine on exercise-induced asthma has
      been examined in 11 asthmatic subjects. 2. On four separate days patients
      undertook 6 min of exercise on a treadmill 30 min after taking placebo or
      nifedipine 10, 20 or 30 mg administered double-blind and in random order. 3.
      Nifedipine had no significant effect on resting FEV1 measurements. 4. Nifedipine,
      in doses of 10, 20 and 30 mg, inhibited exercise induced bronchoconstriction,
      reducing the maximum fall in FEV1 from 30.8 +/- 3.5% after placebo to 21.9 +/-
      3.4% (NS), 13 +/- 3.4% (P less than 0.01) and 15 +/- 3.9% (P less than 0.01)
      respectively. 5. This study has shown that the protective effect of nifedipine
      against exercise-induced asthma is dose related with the maximum inhibitory
      effect being observed with a single dose of 20 mg.

PMID- 3689630
TI  - Inhibition of artificially induced cough in man by bronchodilators.
AB  - 1. The antitussive properties of bronchodilators were evaluated in a total of 47
      normal volunteers. 2. Cough was induced by inhalation of ultrasonically nebulized
      solutions of distilled water and hypotonic saline. 3. Inhaled fenoterol
      hydrobromide (360 micrograms; 20 volunteers) and inhaled ipratropium bromide (72
      micrograms; 14 volunteers) both significantly reduced couch compared with placebo
      (P less than 0.01). Oral salbutamol sulphate (4 mg; 11 volunteers) and oral
      pirenzepine hydrochloride (50 mg; 14 volunteers) had lesser effects. 4. Cough
      inhibition correlated with a small but statistically significant degree of
      bronchodilatation as measured by specific airway conductance (sGaw) and forced
      expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) in six normal subjects studied with each
      treatment in a placebo controlled, double blind study (r = 0.67, P less than
      0.001). 5. Small reductions in airway tone are associated with a reduced cough
      response elicited by inhaled ultrasonically nebulized distilled water.

PMID- 3689631
TI  - Evaluation of a microcomputer program (OPT) for parameter optimisation in
      clinical pharmacokinetics: gentamicin and tobramycin.
AB  - 1. Several nomograms and computer programs are available to aid in aminoglycoside
      dosing. 2. Due to the variability in the relationship between dosage and serum
      drug levels, monitoring through the acquisition of serum drug levels is
      mandatory. 3. All clinical data, including serum drug levels, are subject to
      errors. 4. The program we have evaluated, OPT, calculates the most likely set of
      pharmacokinetic parameter estimates for individual patients by applying Bayes'
      theorem and the principle of Maximum Likelihood Estimation. Through a feedback
      process all available data are used, taking possible errors into account. 5. Our
      study shows that OPT is able to predict serum aminoglycoside levels accurately in
      the routine clinical setting. It may thus contribute to the quality of
      aminoglycoside therapy.

PMID- 3689632
TI  - A comparative pharmacokinetic study of conventional propranolol and long acting
      preparation of propranolol in patients with cirrhosis and normal controls.
AB  - 1 Six male patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and seven normal control subjects
      were each given 80 mg twice daily of conventional propranolol for 1 week and 160
      mg once daily of a long acting preparation (LA) of propranolol for 1 week. 2
      Plasma propranolol levels were measured at regular intervals on the first and
      seventh days of both weeks and also following an acute intravenous infusion of 10
      mg propranolol on a separate occasion. 3 After the single intravenous dose the
      elimination half-life tended to be prolonged in the cirrhotic group (median 7.15
      h) compared with controls (median 2.92 h) (P = 0.055). 4 After multiple oral
      dosing with 80 mg twice daily of conventional propranolol the steady-state plasma
      concentration (Css), area under the curve (AUC tau), peak concentration (Cmax)
      and trough concentration (Cmin) were significantly higher in cirrhotic patients
      and the peak: trough ratio (Cmax/Cmin) was significantly lower than controls. 5
      After multiple oral dosing with 160 mg LA once daily Cmin was significantly
      higher than Cmax/min significantly lower in cirrhotic patients; Css, AUC and Cmax
      were higher than controls but not statistically different. 6 Within both subject
      groups the bioavailability of 80 mg twice daily of conventional propranolol
      tended to be greater than 160 mg LA once daily. Cmax was significantly higher in
      both groups and Css higher in the cirrhotic group with conventional propranolol.
      7 In the cirrhotic group the mean reduction in supine heart rate in the steady
      state was 31.8% with conventional 80 mg twice daily propranolol and 23.75% with
      160 mg LA once daily.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3689633
TI  - Lack of correlation between methotrexate concentrations in serum, saliva and
      sweat after 24 h methotrexate infusions.
AB  - 1 Methotrexate (MTX) concentrations were studied in serum, mixed saliva and sweat
      during and after 24 h continuous MTX infusions (0.5-6 g m-2) in 14 patients with
      various malignant diseases. 2 The serum-MTX concentrations declined in a biphasic
      manner, but the MTX elimination in saliva and sweat varied to a much greater
      extent. 3 Saliva/serum and sweat/serum ratios during the MTX infusion were 2.3%
      and 0.55% respectively. The ratios had increased significantly 20 and 44 h
      postinfusion. 4 No correlations were demonstrated between salivary- and serum-MTX
      concentrations during the MTX infusion or 20 and 44 h later. 5 Markedly delayed
      renal MTX excretions were demonstrated in two patients. In one of them the
      salivary MTX elimination was also retarded, whereas this was not seen in the
      other one. 6 We conclude that measurements of MTX concentrations in mixed saliva
      cannot substitute for serum-MTX determinations in the monitoring of patients
      after 24 h MTX infusions.

PMID- 3689634
TI  - Oral phenytoin pharmacokinetics during omeprazole therapy.
AB  - 1. In a double-blind crossover study 10 healthy males received either placebo or
      omeprazole (40 mg day-1) for 9 days, a single dose of phenytoin (300 mg) being
      taken on the seventh day. 2. Omeprazole significantly increased the area under
      the curve (0 to 72 h) of phenytoin (mean +/- s.e. mean) from 121.6 +/- 14.0 to
      151.4 +/- 13.6 micrograms ml-1 h) (P less than 0.01). 3. The peak concentration,
      and apparent elimination half-life of phenytoin also tended to be increased
      though not significantly. 4. The omeprazole-phenytoin interaction observed may be
      clinically important because of the low therapeutic index associated with
      phenytoin.

PMID- 3689635
TI  - Buspirone pharmacokinetics in patients with cirrhosis.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of buspirone (20 mg) were determined
      in 12 patients with cirrhosis and 12 normal subjects. The mean AUC of buspirone
      was 55 +/- 38 s.d. ng ml-1 h in cirrhotics and 3.5 +/- 2.4 s.d. ng ml-1 h in
      normals. The time until maximum concentration (tmax) attained was similar in the
      two groups (0.6 vs 0.7 h), but mean maximum concentration Cmax was higher in
      patients (18.8 +/- 16.3 s.d. ng ml-1) than in normals (1.2 +/- 0.8 s.d. ng ml-1).
      Mean elimination half-life of buspirone was greater in cirrhotics, but this
      difference was marginally significant statistically (cirrhotics, 6.1 +/- 3.5 s.d.
      h, normals 3.2 +/- 1.5 s.d. h, P = 0.05). Eight of 12 patients and seven of 12
      normal subjects had a second peak in the plasma concentrations of buspirone. In
      patients this occurred at 10.8 +/- 7.4 s.d. h after the dose, and its mean
      concentration was 3.1 +/- 6.6 ng ml-1. In normal subjects the second peak
      occurred at 4.3 +/- 2.1 h after the dose and its mean concentration was 0.5 +/-
      0.3 ng ml-1. On the kinetic evidence buspirone should be used with caution in
      liver disease.

PMID- 3689637
TI  - Injections and aspirations.

PMID- 3689636
TI  - Apparently normal phenytoin metabolism in a patient with phenytoin-induced rash
      and lymphadenopathy.
AB  - A 10-year old female on phenytoin therapy developed a rash and lymphadenopathy.
      H.p.l.c. assays of urinary metabolites indicated no differences in
      stereoselective metabolism of phenytoin to phenolic and dihydrodiol metabolites
      as compared with volunteers given the drug or with pediatric patients without
      adverse reactions. This suggests that no obvious difference in stereoselective
      metabolism of phenytoin to potentially toxic arene oxides exists between this
      patient and other patients on phenytoin. Our results are consistent with the
      hypothesis that differences in peripheral detoxication of phenytoin arene oxides
      and not differences in hepatic metabolism of phenytoin may be responsible for
      such adverse reactions.

PMID- 3689638
TI  - Myelofibrosis: a clinico-pathological study.

PMID- 3689639
TI  - Aphthous ulceration in Nigerian and British medical students.

PMID- 3689640
TI  - Lack of a relationship between age and the antihypertensive effect of nifedipine
      tablets in patients up to 70 years of age.

PMID- 3689641
TI  - Gallstone ileus.

PMID- 3689642
TI  - Staphylococcal pyomyositis.

PMID- 3689643
TI  - Salmonella septicaemia and pleural effusion as presenting features of hairy cell
      leukaemia.

PMID- 3689644
TI  - Thyroid crisis complicated by cerebral infarction.

PMID- 3689645
TI  - Metformin and lactic acidosis--a reminder.

PMID- 3689646
TI  - Toxocariasis: diagnosis and dilemmas.

PMID- 3689647
TI  - Effect of a 10-week aerobic exercise programme on metabolic rate, body
      composition and fitness in lean sedentary females.

PMID- 3689648
TI  - The optimum interval between flurbiprofen doses--scheduling for circadian rhythms
      in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 3689649
TI  - Hepatic hydatid disease surgery.

PMID- 3689650
TI  - Conventional open surgery for renal stones in the era of modern techniques.

PMID- 3689651
TI  - Comparison of tri-potassium di-citrato bismuthate (TDB) with ranitidine in
      healing and relapse of gastric ulcer.

PMID- 3689652
TI  - Continued growth of a large pituitary prolactinoma despite high dose
      bromocriptine.

PMID- 3689653
TI  - Munchausen's syndrome presenting as bronchospasm.

PMID- 3689654
TI  - The negative inotropic effect of verapamil.

PMID- 3689655
TI  - Transient sixth cranial nerve palsy in newborn infants.

PMID- 3689656
TI  - Dependence of misonidazole binding on factors associated with hypoxic metabolism.
AB  - The binding of misonidazole (MISO) to macromolecules in hypoxic cells is believed
      to require metabolic reduction. Several factors in the cells' environment, such
      as pH, glucose, lactate and MISO concentration could affect the capacity of
      metabolic reduction. Modulation of the binding of MISO by these factors was
      studied by exposing exponential EMT6/Ro cells to MISO under extremely hypoxic
      conditions. No binding was observed under aerobic conditions. There was no
      difference in the binding of 0.02 mM MISO at varying concentrations of glucose
      from 0.015 mM to 5 mM. Thus, for diagnostic purposes with concentrations of MISO
      lower than 0.02 mM, little effect of glucose concentration is expected. However,
      with 5 mM MISO, the binding of MISO increased with increasing glucose
      concentration (3-fold increase after 2 hours incubation in 5 mM glucose relative
      to 0.015 mM glucose). At intermediate MISO concentrations (0.1 mM to 5 mM); the
      higher the MISO concentration, the greater was the increase in binding due to 5
      mM glucose. There was no detectable effect of lactate (0, 3 and 10 mM) at pH 7.2
      on the binding of MISO either in 0.015 mM or 5 mM glucose. However, a decrease of
      pH (from 7.2 to 6.5) decreased the binding of MISO in 5 mM glucose but not in
      0.015 mM glucose. These data indicated that the binding of MISO is a multi-step
      process, which involves the concentrations of both glucose (probably via reducing
      equivalents) and MISO.

PMID- 3689657
TI  - Fluorescence immunohistochemical detection of hypoxic cells in spheroids and
      tumours.
AB  - Polyclonal antibodies have been raised in rabbits to a haemocyanin adduct of a
      reductively-activated, fluorinated analogue of misonidazole. Fluorescence
      immunohistochemical studies show that the polyclonal antibodies bind to spheroid
      sections and tumour sections in patterns similar to those revealed by
      autoradiographic studies with a tritium-labelled derivative of the fluorinated
      misonidazole analogue.

PMID- 3689658
TI  - Occurrence of a multidrug-resistant phenotype in human lung xenografts.
AB  - The intrinsic sensitivity of a panel of 8 human epidermoid lung cancer xenografts
      to vincristine and actinomycin D has been examined and the cross-resistance
      patterns of the most vincristine-resistant and vincristine-sensitive tumour line
      were tested to a variety of other drugs, including radiation. The results
      demonstrate that xenograft lines derived from human lung tumours not previously
      treated with chemotherapy exhibit a similar general pattern of cross-resistance
      to the drugs vincristine, actinomycin D and adriamycin as is observed in human
      cell lines and in animal models selected for resistance to these drugs. It is
      also shown that intrinsic resistance to vincristine can be partially overcome by
      verapamil. This may indicate a potential role of this substance in circumventing
      clinically observed drug resistance.

PMID- 3689659
TI  - Quantitation of MHC antigen expression on colorectal tumours and its association
      with tumour progression.
AB  - A flow cytometric technique has been established for accurately quantitating the
      cell surface density of MHC antigens and the percentage of cells expressing MHC
      antigens in 38 colorectal tumours. Thirty-four percent of tumours were partially
      or completely negative for HLA-ABC antigen expression. Although the quantity of
      HLA-ABC antigens varied widely, there was no correlation between the density of
      HLA-ABC antigens, or the percentage of cells expressing these antigens and
      clinicopathological stage. Fifty percent of the colorectal tumours expressed HLA
      DR with varying antigen densities. All of the poorly differentiated tumours
      expressed HLA-DR but there was no correlation between expression of HLA-DR and
      clinicopathological stage. The aneuploid tumours expressed more HLA-ABC and HLA
      DR antigens on a higher percentage of cells than the diploid tumours. Abnormal
      expression of the tumour associated antigens CEA, Y haptenic blood group and 791T
      p72 also correlated with expression of HLA-ABC and HLA-DR antigens on colorectal
      tumours. The majority of early derived in vitro dividing cells failed to express
      both HLA-ABC and HLA-DR antigens although they expressed high levels of tumour
      associated antigens. If there is a correlation between in vitro and in vivo
      growth perhaps tumours are maintained and seeded by MHC antigen negative cells.

PMID- 3689660
TI  - Cellular heterogeneity in normal and neoplastic human urothelium: a study using
      murine monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - To assist in the description of the cellular heterogeneity present in normal and
      neoplastic urothelium, a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) was raised
      against human transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder. All
      immunizations were carried out using whole cells and membrane preparations from
      well differentiated human TCCs. Two fusions produced 145 hybridomas. Following
      primary screening by ELISA and secondary screening with immunohistochemistry,
      three useful antibodies were identified. MoAb 35.48 binds to all cell layers of
      the normal urothelium and well differentiated tumours, but not to the majority of
      poorly differentiated tumours. MoAb 21.48 binds preferentially to the basal cell
      layer of normal urothelium and to some well differentiated papillary TCCs, but
      poorly differentiated tumours exhibit diffusely positive staining. MoAb 21.48
      also shows cross-reactivity with basal cell layers of other epithelia. MoAb 5.48
      binds preferentially to the superficial cell layers of normal urothelium and well
      differentiated TCCs, but exhibits less binding in poorly differentiated tumours
      with loss of the preferential superficial staining. Quantitative flow cytometric
      studies indicate that MoAb 5.48 binds to a cell-surface antigen which is present
      on significantly fewer cells of poorly differentiated tumours than on either
      normal urothelium (P less than 0.05), or well differentiated tumours (P = 0.05).

PMID- 3689661
TI  - Effects of vitamin A and E supplementation to diets containing two different fat
      levels on methylnitrosourea-induced mammary carcinogenesis in female SD-rats.
AB  - The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of dietary vitamin A and E
      supplementation on tumorigenesis in correlation to the fat content of the
      respective diet in an animal model. One hundred and twenty female SD rats were
      initiated intravenously with 25 mg MNU kg-1 on day 50 of life. For a period of 6
      months, beginning after the day of initiation, all animals received a
      semisynthetic diet containing 25% or 45% of the energy as fat, supplemented
      either with a 10-fold higher amount of naturally occurring vitamins A and E than
      in rat standard diets or, with a normal level of these vitamins. The experiment
      showed: (1) Vitamin A and E supplementation showed no significant chemopreventive
      effect against mammary tumour development. (2) This result was independent from
      the supplied fat level of the respective diet. (3) The fat content per se did not
      significantly influence mammary tumorigenesis.

PMID- 3689662
TI  - Changes in serum lipids related to the presence of experimental colon cancer.
AB  - People at risk from coronary heart disease and large bowel cancer are drawn from
      the same urbanised, industrialised Western populations. Whilst changes in blood
      lipids are well recognised in heart disease, little is known of their role in
      large bowel cancer. This study investigates serial alterations in blood lipids in
      the 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) rat model of colon cancer. Eighty Wistar rats
      received a 5 weekly regimen of DMH. At week 10, and at 5 weekly intervals until
      week 40, random groups of 10 rats were killed and blood taken for total and free
      cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides and liver enzymes. All colonic
      neoplasms were histologically classified either as adenomas or carcinomas with
      groups being allocated into tumour-free (n = 16) or tumour-bearing (n = 54), the
      latter group being further sub-divided into animals with adenoma alone (n = 8)
      and those with carcinoma (n = 46). Results were considered both sequentially and
      according to tumour status. Sequential results showed that with increase in
      colonic neoplasms with time there were accompanying increases in free and % free
      cholesterol and in phospholipids (P less than 0.001). There were no changes in
      total cholesterol, triglycerides or liver enzymes. Results according to tumour
      status showed that whilst there was no difference in total cholesterol or
      triglycerides between tumour-free and tumour-bearing rats, there was a
      significant increase in free (P less than 0.01) and % free cholesterol (P less
      than 0.001) and a decrease in phospholipids in the tumour-bearing animals (P less
      than 0.001). There was no difference in any serum lipid between tumour-free and
      adenoma-bearing rats. In animals with carcinoma, while there was no difference in
      total cholesterol or triglycerides, there was an increase in free (P less than
      0.005) and % free cholesterol (P less than 0.001) and a decrease in phospholipids
      (P less than 0.001) compared to tumour-free rats. The data show for the first
      time a clear relationship between blood lipids and the presence or absence of
      large bowel cancer.

PMID- 3689663
TI  - Stearic acid and carcinogenesis.
AB  - Decreased membrane rigidity is one of the characteristics of malignant cells,
      resulting in part from the desaturation of stearic acid into oleic acid. In this
      study we investigated the influence of stearic acid on tumour cell inhibition in
      vitro and tumour development in vivo. Stearic acid inhibited the colony-forming
      ability of 4 out of 5 rat and two human tumour continuous cell lines in vitro. In
      contrast, the colony-forming ability of rat fibroblasts was not inhibited and
      that of human foetal lung fibroblasts was inhibited at a higher dose than that
      required to inhibit human tumour cell lines. Using a model of rat mammary
      carcinoma induced by nitroso-methyl urea (NMU) the subcutaneous injection of
      stearic acid at weekly intervals prevented tumour development in 5 to 10 rats.
      Using iodostearic acid twice weekly, 11 of 19 rats were alive and tumour free at
      week 22 whilst all of 14 animals injected with NMU alone had died of tumour by
      the 16th week. The ratio of stearic to oleic acids in erythrocyte membranes was
      significantly reduced in the tumour-bearing rats, but was normal in tumour-free
      animals treated with stearic or iodostearic acid. These preliminary data indicate
      that stearic acid inhibits tumour development in rats.

PMID- 3689664
TI  - 3(Amino-1,1-hydroxypropylidene) bisphosphonate (APD) for hypercalcaemia of breast
      cancer.
AB  - The effect of a single dose of APD on hypercalcaemia has been studied in advanced
      breast cancer. Twenty-five patients were rehydrated intravenously for 48 h.
      Twenty-three remained hypercalcaemic and received 5-15 mg APD as a 2 h infusion.
      Eighteen patients achieved normocalcaemia, 15 after a dose of less than or equal
      to 15 mg. One patient died within 24 h from rapidly advancing disease and 4
      remained hypercalcaemic. Urinary calcium excretion increased during rehydration
      as glomerular function improved and tubular reabsorption of calcium fell. After
      APD, calcium excretion fell to normal in 22/24 patients reflecting inhibition of
      bone resorption. Hydroxyproline excretion remained high. The effect of a single
      dose of APD on hypercalcaemia lasted a median of 11 days (range 7-17). Transient
      fever occurred in 2 patients, but there were no other side effects. The
      possibility of long-term control of osteolysis using a 2 weekly schedule of APD
      administration is now being studied.

PMID- 3689665
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of ethylenediaminemalonatoplatinum(II) (JM-40) during phase I
      trial.
AB  - Pharmacokinetics of the cis-platin analog ethylenediaminemalonatoplatinum(II) (JM
      410) was studied in 28 cycles of 19 patients during the phase I study of this
      drug. The drug was administered intravenously by short-term (10-60 min) infusion.
      Doses ranged from 20 to 1,200mg m-2. JM-40 was determined in plasma ultrafiltrate
      and urine by HPLC. Platinum (Pt) concentrations were determined in plasma, plasma
      ultrafiltrate, urine and red blood cells by atomic absorption spectrometry up to
      5 days after administration of the drug. Ultrafilterable Pt could be determined
      up to 45 days after the infusion in one patient sampled over such a long period.
      Pharmacokinetics of JM-40 showed a linear behaviour. The final half-life of total
      Pt in plasma was 4.1 +/- 0.9 days. The disposition of JM-40 was similar to that
      of ultrafilterable Pt in respect to t1/2 alpha (10 and 13 min), t1/2 beta (44 and
      57 min), volumes of distribution Vc (11 and 121) and Vss (17 and 201), systemic
      clearance (256 and 223 ml min-1), renal clearance (69 and 73 ml min-1) and
      metabolic clearance (183 and 154 ml min-1). During the first 6 h 27 +/- 9% of the
      administered dose was excreted as JM-40. Cumulative platinum excretion in the
      urine amounted to 29 +/- 13% and 60 +/- 13% over the first 6 h, 24 h and 5 days,
      respectively. The uptake of platinum in red blood cells was limited, comprising
      only 0.24 +/- 0.12% of the administered dose. Although JM-40 and carboplatin are
      structurally closely related, pharmocokinetics and toxicity of JM-40 were more
      similar to cis-platin than to carboplatin.

PMID- 3689666
TI  - Confirmation of a prognostic index in primary breast cancer.
AB  - A prognostic index, previously derived in a group of 387 patients with primary
      breast cancer, has been recalculated for the same patients with over 5 years
      further follow-up and shown to be unchanged. The prognostic index has also been
      applied prospectively to a further group of 320 patients and shown to be
      similarly effective in identifying patients with either a very good or a very
      poor prognosis. It has been verified that the index applies to patients with
      primary breast cancer. Patients have now been divided into 5 prognostic groups,
      predicting 11% of patients with an almost normal survival and a further 10% with
      a very poor prognosis. The index is used to stratify patients to study the
      effects of treatment regimes within groups of similar patients.

PMID- 3689667
TI  - Risk of malignant lymphoma in Swedish pesticide appliers.
AB  - The risk of Hodgkin's disease (HD) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) was studied in
      a cohort of 20,245 Swedish pesticide appliers, who had the licence issued between
      1965 and 1976. In this cohort 72% were estimated to have been exposed to phenoxy
      acid herbicides. The cohort was followed-up in the Swedish Cancer Register from
      date of licence until Dec. 31, 1982 or until death if prior to that date. The
      mean follow-up time was 12.2 years. A total of 11 cases with HD and 21 cases with
      NHL were observed compared to 9.1 and 20.8 expected. The relative risks and the
      95% confidence intervals were for HD 1.20 (0.60-2.16) and for NHL 1.01 (0.63
      1.54). The relative risk rose, but not to statistical significance however, with
      increased time since licence for both diagnoses.

PMID- 3689668
TI  - Advances in the applications of monoclonal antibodies in clinical oncology.
      London, 6-8 May 1987. Abstracts.

PMID- 3689669
TI  - Halothane hepatitis in an animal model: time course of hepatic damage.
AB  - The present study extends previous reports of hepatic damage 24 h after halothane
      anaesthesia in the phenobarbitone pretreated hypoxic rat model by fully
      characterizing the lesion during the time course of its onset and recovery.
      Phenobarbitone treated animals exposed to halothane (1% for 2 h in 14% inspired
      oxygen) were killed 1, 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 h and 2, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 30 days after
      commencement of the anaesthetic period. Blood was collected 1 day before the
      administration of halothane and at the time of killing for determination of serum
      alanine aminotransferase (ALT), a biochemical index of hepatic damage. Liver
      tissue was obtained immediately at post-mortem for histological examination.
      Serum ALT was increased at the end of the anaesthetic period, i.e. 2 h, with peak
      levels occurring at 12-24 h and remaining elevated for 3 days after exposure.
      Minor changes in liver histology were evident at 2 h in 50% of the animals and by
      6 h all animals had mild hepatic injury. The extent of the necrosis was maximal
      at 24 h and this was sustained until 3 days. By 5 days after exposure minimal
      evidence of liver damage was observed and animals killed at 30 days had
      morphologically normal livers. Elevation of serum ALT or changes in liver
      histology were not observed in other treatment groups. The early onset of damage
      at 2-6 h is in keeping with direct hepatotoxicity associated with the
      biotransformation of halothane.

PMID- 3689670
TI  - Cartilage damage by a granulomatous reaction in a murine species.
AB  - The encapsulation of intact rat femoral head cartilage or discs of bovine nasal
      cartilage with cotton-gauze before implantation in the subcutaneous tissues of
      mice, results in an accelerated loss of cartilage proteoglycan. Loss of
      proteoglycan from bovine nasal cartilage occurred later than rat femoral head
      cartilage, but eventually brought about complete dissolution of the cartilage.
      Freeze-thaw killing of bovine nasal cartilage did not alter the amount of
      proteoglycan lost. Destruction of both femoral and nasal cartilage was related to
      the mass of cotton implanted and to the growth of connective tissue within the
      implanted cotton. Mice previously implanted with femoral head cartilage were able
      to show enhanced degradation to new implants; this was even greater if the
      original implants were encapsulated with cotton. Presoaking of cotton-cartilage
      implants with the non-specific irritant, carrageenan inhibited the breakdown of
      cartilage. Autoradiographs of 35sulphate pulsed femoral cartilage following
      implantation with cotton showed reduced incorporation of radiolabel by
      chondrocytes.

PMID- 3689671
TI  - In-vitro demonstration of a complicated atherosclerosis-like lesion.
AB  - Smooth muscle cells derived from the media of adult rat aorta were grown on
      elastin membranes for up to 3 weeks in cell culture. Cell degeneration was
      evident by the 4th day and increased with time. At the end of the experiment
      necrotic and calcified areas were prominent. The basic feature of cell
      degeneration was dissolution of myofilaments; the disintegrating cytoplasm
      usually contained numerous glycogen granules. Increased electron density of the
      mitochondrial matrix and fat globules were seen and nuclei showed dilution of
      chromatin or pyknosis. Abundant cellular debris, vesicular structures and
      microfibrils were found in the extracellular space.

PMID- 3689673
TI  - Three new rat colon tumour cell lines from 1,2-dimethylhydrazine induced
      adenocarcinomas: morphology, karyotype and clonogenicity.
AB  - Three different tumour cell lines (Per113, Per192, Per237) were established from
      colon adenocarcinomas induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) inbred male
      Wistar/Wag rats. Each cell line had epithelial morphology and an abnormal
      karyotype. The three cell lines were clonogenic in semi-solid medium, but
      differed in growth factor response, culture characteristics and karyotype. Each
      cell line was stimulated differentially by epidermal growth factor (EGF) and
      bombesin in culture. Only Per192 would passage in vivo in athymic nude mice. Per
      113 had modal chromosome number of 70 with multiple structural abnormalities;
      Per237 had 43 chromosomes with consistent trisomy of chromosome I; 20-25% of the
      cells in line Per192 were in the tetraploid range with multiple copies of
      chromosome I.

PMID- 3689672
TI  - The combined effects of vitamin A-deficiency and cigarette smoke on rat tracheal
      epithelium.
AB  - The effects of 1-14 days cigarette smoke inhalation on the morphology of airway
      epithelium were compared in normal and vitamin A-deficient rats. Control rats for
      each diet group received 'sham' exposure of air only. The vitamin A-deficient
      diet caused highly significant decreases in plasma retinol and liver retinyl
      palmitate (P less than 0.001). Vitamin A-deficiency alone caused a squamous
      change without stratification which resulted in a slight but statistically
      significant decrease (P less than 0.005) in the thickness of tracheal epithelium.
      In rats fed a diet containing an adequate amount of vitamin A (i.e. 4000 iu/kg),
      cigarette smoke exposure for 14 consecutive days caused cell hyperplasia and
      hypertrophy and significant thickening of tracheal epithelium (P less than 0.01)
      without any squamous change. In vitamin A-deficient rats, cigarette smoke caused
      an epidermoid metaplasia with epithelial thickening in excess of that seen with
      cigarette smoke alone: i.e. the thickened epithelium was stratified, keratinized
      and squamous. The increase in thickness was evident after 7 days and maximal
      after 14 days of smoke exposure whilst the epidermoid change was most pronounced
      at 7 days. Whilst no secretory cells were detected in the squamous areas, the
      number of mucous cells in the intervening mucociliary epithelium was greatly
      increased. Vitamin A-deficiency may, therefore, augment the metaplastic effects
      of cigarette smoke by favouring an early, florid epidermoid response.

PMID- 3689674
TI  - Automated image analysis of alveolar expansion patterns in immature newborn
      rabbits treated with natural or artificial surfactant.
AB  - Automated image analysis of histological lung sections was used to compare the
      efficacy of an artificial surfactant (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine + high
      density lipoprotein, 10:1) and a natural surfactant (the phospholipid fraction of
      porcine surfactant, isolated by liquid-gel chromatography in ventilated immature
      newborn rabbits delivered after 27 days' gestation. Tidal volumes were
      significantly improved in each group treated with surfactant when compared with
      controls, but natural surfactant-treated rabbits had significantly higher tidal
      volumes than those receiving artificial surfactant. There were no statistically
      significant differences in alveolar expansion between the artificial surfactant
      group and the controls, but alveolar volume density and a shape factor (assessing
      the 'circularity' of terminal airspaces) were significantly higher in animals
      receiving natural surfactant. These animals also had a lower coefficient of
      variation of alveolar volume density and a lower alveolar average integral mean
      surface curvature, indicating a uniform pattern of alveoli with a smooth profile.
      We conclude that automated image analysis is useful for the quantitation of
      alveolar expansion patterns in immature neonatal lungs and that natural
      surfactant is superior to the artificial surfactant tested in the present study.

PMID- 3689675
TI  - Prolonged exposure to M. faeni in strain II guinea-pigs: pulmonary interstitial
      inflammation.
AB  - Models of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) should exhibit progression of
      pulmonary histological abnormalities during continuing challenges. Strain II
      guinea-pigs were sensitized with Micropolyspora faeni and received 2, 4, or 8
      weekly intratracheal (i.t.) particulate M. faeni challenges. Control animals
      received normal saline (NS). Four days after the last exposure, randomly selected
      microscopic fields of lung (200/animal) were judged to be normal or abnormal. If
      abnormal, the location and nature of the abnormalities were determined. Compared
      with NS treated guinea-pigs, those exposed to 2, 4 and 8 weekly M. faeni
      challenges exhibited more extensive (P less than 0.001) pulmonary histological
      abnormalities which involved both the intraalveolar and interstitial
      compartments. More extensive abnormalities in the 8 week group compared with the
      4 week group were caused by increased extent of interstitial mononuclear cell
      infiltration. The extent of pulmonary interstitial histological abnormalities
      transiently (four challenges) decreases, but then increases, so that progressive
      pulmonary inflammation occurs during continuing challenges.

PMID- 3689676
TI  - Naevus fusco-caeruleus zygomaticus.
AB  - One hundred and ten cases of an unusual type of naevus, which we have called
      naevus fusco-caeruleus zygomaticus were studied. The naevus presents as a
      bilateral speckled discolouration of the skin of the face principally in the
      zygomatic region. The condition usually does not become apparent until the second
      decade of life, and is much commoner in females. No association with any other
      abnormalities was found. Light and electron microscopy of the speckles showed the
      presence of dermal melanocytes mostly in the upper dermis. A survey was also
      carried out to determine the prevalence of this naevus in the general population.

PMID- 3689677
TI  - Persistence of allergic contact sensitivity in subjects with photosensitivity
      dermatitis and actinic reticuloid syndrome.
AB  - We report the maintenance of allergic contact sensitivity in 20 subjects with
      photosensitivity dermatitis and actinic reticuloid syndrome. Positive patch test
      reactions were demonstrated some years after the initial diagnosis and after
      significant maintained improvement of the photodermatosis had occurred.

PMID- 3689678
TI  - The effects of dietary supplementation with fish oil in patients with psoriasis.
AB  - Ten patients with psoriasis resistant to conventional topical treatment were
      given dietary supplements of fish oil, providing approximately 12 g of
      eicosapentaenoic acid daily for a period of at least 6 weeks. In eight patients
      there was a modest improvement in their psoriasis, the principal effects being a
      diminution of erythema and scaling. The dietary treatment resulted in a
      substantial inhibition of leukotriene B4 production by the peripheral blood
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vitro. The discrepancy between the high degree of
      inhibition of leukotriene B4 synthesis and the modest therapeutic effect suggests
      that leukotriene B4 is not the only mediator involved in the development of the
      psoriatic lesion. Furthermore, the in vivo cutaneous levels of leukotriene B4
      might not have been inhibited to the same extent as the polymorphonuclear
      leukocyte levels in vitro. Further studies on the use of fish oil supplements,
      both on their own and in conjunction with other forms of treatment in psoriasis
      are warranted. It will also be important to determine whether the altered profile
      of 5-lipoxygenase products found in the blood is also seen in the skin.

PMID- 3689679
TI  - Influence of an essential fatty acid deficient diet on absorption of topical
      hydrocortisone in the rat.
AB  - Using a rat dermatosis model, produced by dietary essential fatty acid deficiency
      (EFAD), which is characterized by histological changes and elevated
      transepidermal water loss, changes in skin permeability were studied using [14C]
      hydrocortisone (HC). Skin, serum and urinary levels of HC were measured, and
      absorption and excretion of HC in EFAD rats compared with that in control rats on
      a normal diet. This animal model has demonstrated the importance of the
      functional integrity of the horny layer in skin penetration.

PMID- 3689680
TI  - Effects of topically-applied antiperspirant on sweat gland function.
AB  - In subjects exposed to a hot environment, short-term topical pretreatment with
      aluminium zirconium tetrachlorhydrate delayed the onset of visible sweating
      although it failed to prevent the response. The delay was considered most
      probably to be due to the occlusive action, in the duct within the upper
      epidermis, of aluminium-containing conglomerates, which disappear after
      continuous sweating. However, microanalytical evidence indicated that ionic
      transport within the fundus secretory cells was also modified.

PMID- 3689682
TI  - Is pseudoepitheliomatous, micaceous and keratotic balanitis synonymous with
      verrucous carcinoma?
AB  - Two cases of pseudoepitheliomatous, micaceous and keratotic balanitis are
      presented and their clinical and histological features are discussed. This rare
      condition of the glans penis was originally thought to be benign, but more recent
      evidence indicates that the lesion is a manifestation of verrucous carcinoma.
      Consequently, the treatment of choice is excision with a wide margin. We suggest
      the new name, micaceous and verrucous malignant balanitis.

PMID- 3689681
TI  - Quinine induced photosensitivity: clinical and experimental studies.
AB  - Quinine induced photosensitivity, an infrequently described adverse effect, is
      reported in four patients. The clinical presentation and distribution was that of
      a light exposed site eruption characterized by oedema and erythema in three
      patients, and by lichen planus in the fourth. Monochromator phototesting
      demonstrated abnormal delayed erythema responses in the UVB, UVA and visible
      wavebands. The clinical features suggested a phototoxic effect but laboratory
      studies indicated that the molecular mechanisms involved are unusual. Clinical
      and phototest evidence of abnormal photosensitivity persisted for some months
      after stopping quinine. Broad spectrum sunscreens are advised for the management
      of such patients and, where possible, cessation of quinine administration.

PMID- 3689683
TI  - Bazex paraneoplastic acrokeratosis in prostate carcinoma.
AB  - We describe a patient in whom symmetrical acrokeratosis appeared 6 years before
      the diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma of the prostate causing paraplegia. The
      paraneoplastic dermatosis and paraplegia regressed following treatment with
      stilboestrol and topical applications of 2% salicylic acid in vaseline. To our
      knowledge, Bazex acrokeratosis has not been reported previously in association
      with carcinoma of the prostate.

PMID- 3689684
TI  - Scleromyxoedema--successful treatment with plasma exchange and immunosuppression.
AB  - A 34-year-old woman with scleromyxoedema failed to respond to initial treatment
      with cyclophosphamide or psoralen-UVA photochemotherapy (PUVA). She developed
      neurological symptoms which resolved after five 4 l plasma exchanges performed on
      successive days, together with pulse methylprednisolone therapy. Subsequent
      treatment was with oral prednisolone and cyclophosphamide. She had had no further
      episodes of neurological dysfunction 8 months after plasma exchange, and the
      appearance of the skin had improved almost to normal. The complications and
      difficulty in management of scleromyxoedema are discussed.

PMID- 3689685
TI  - A case of cutaneous anthrax with toxaemic shock.
AB  - We describe a patient who presented with a necrotic black eschar 2 x 2 cm on the
      neck, extensive erythema around the lesion and massive oedema extending from the
      lesion to the umbilicus, and involving the whole face. Severe toxaemia and shock
      developed. Bacillus anthracis was isolated from the lesion. Prednisolone and
      dopamine failed to reverse the shock. The patient recovered completely with
      penicillin therapy.

PMID- 3689686
TI  - Candida folliculitis associated with hypothyroidism.

PMID- 3689687
TI  - Local cutaneous sensitivity to subcutaneous heparin.

PMID- 3689688
TI  - Treatment of psoriasis with topical selenium sulphide.

PMID- 3689689
TI  - Ketoconazole in cutaneous leishmaniasis.

PMID- 3689690
TI  - Alterations in scalp blood flow after the epicutaneous application of 3%
      minoxidil and 0.1% hexyl nicotinate in alopecia.

PMID- 3689691
TI  - The angry back syndrome and Trafuril.

PMID- 3689692
TI  - Hypernatraemia in Netherton's syndrome.

PMID- 3689694
TI  - Polycythaemia vera in young people: an analysis of 58 cases diagnosed before 40
      years.
AB  - Over 20 years, 58 cases of PV in young people (46 meeting the full PVSG criteria,
      12 with elevated red cell volume and leucocytosis or thrombocytosis, without
      splenomegaly) were studied and have been followed for periods of 3-24 years.
      These cases represent approximately 5% of the cases of PV referred to the
      Department of Nuclear Medicine of St Louis Hospital during this period. They
      differ from older patients in the initial clinical severity, the short interval
      between the first symptoms and the diagnosis, frequent presentation with a life
      threatening complication (two cases of hepatic vein thrombosis, six thrombotic or
      haemorrhagic events, six splenectomies, two abortions) and a very enlarged spleen
      in half the cases. However, after the initial complications, the overall survival
      is very long (exceeding 70%, even when including the initial complications, at 15
      years). The vascular accidents occur exclusively in the phlebotomized patients,
      the main risk factor being the poor stability of the haematocrit. Only one acute
      leukaemia was observed among the 14 cases treated by radioactive phosphorus
      and/or alkylating chemotherapy. The most frequent late complication was evolution
      towards myelofibrosis. This spent phase seemed to occur earlier in patients
      treated by phlebotomy. On the basis of this data, we would advise the following
      therapeutic strategy: phlebotomies, as soon as the diagnosis is established, and
      a systematic long-term treatment by hydroxyurea with the hope of reducing the
      number of vascular complications and of delaying the evolution towards the spent
      phase and the myelofibrosis.

PMID- 3689693
TI  - Disappearance of HLA and platelet-specific antibodies in acute leukaemia patients
      alloimmunized by multiple transfusions.
AB  - Alloimmunization by platelet transfusions was studied in 154 patients with acute
      leukaemia. 17 patients had HLA antibodies at initial presentation induced by
      previous transfusions or pregnancies; one of these also had platelet-specific
      antibodies and one other patient had platelet-specific antibodies alone. A
      further 38 patients developed HLA antibodies during therapy; three also had
      platelet-specific antibodies and two patients developed platelet-specific
      antibodies alone. Of these, 37 patients with HLA antibodies including three with
      platelet-specific antibodies and one patient with platelet-specific antibodies
      alone survived their initial therapy and formed the basis of this study.
      Antibodies once detected persisted throughout the study in seven of the 37
      patients with HLA antibodies including one patient with platelet-specific
      antibodies and in the patient with platelet-specific antibodies alone. HLA
      antibodies disappeared after discontinuation of transfusions in six patients, and
      after switching to HLA matched platelet transfusions and leucocyte-poor blood in
      eight patients; two of the latter patients also had platelet-specific antibodies
      which disappeared. The other 16 patients with HLA antibodies lost their
      antibodies despite continued transfusions.

PMID- 3689695
TI  - Cryopreservation disturbs stimulus-response coupling in a platelet subpopulation.
AB  - Cryopreservation of platelet suspensions leads to a severe reduction in the
      functional responses of these cells. This defect primarily resides in a
      subpopulation which consists of about half the total platelet mass and shows an
      increased susceptibility to the cryopreservation procedure. Following freeze
      thawing this subpopulation failed to aggregate upon stimulation with collagen
      despite a normal appearance of membrane glycoproteins. Also the contents of alpha
      granules was similar to the whole suspension and since changes in alpha and dense
      granule contents often occur in parallel, the poor aggregability could not be
      attributed to a defect in secretion granules. In contrast, the generation of
      phosphatidyl-inositol metabolites, the increase in cytosolic Ca2+ content and the
      phosphorylation of proteins of mol wt 47,000 and 20,000 seen when normal
      platelets are activated, were completely absent in the subpopulation. These data
      reveal a severe defect in stimulus-response coupling mechanisms in about half of
      the platelets after freeze-thawing. The other half of the suspension endures this
      treatment relatively unharmed and may be used for transfusion.

PMID- 3689696
TI  - Familial bleeding disorder associated with deficiencies in platelet signal
      processing and glycoproteins.
AB  - Aggregation responses to low concentrations of ADP, epinephrine, collagen and
      cationophore A23187 in platelets from two family members with marked bleeding
      tendencies were virtually absent, whereas shape change with ADP was normal. The
      contribution to factor X activation by collagen-treated platelets was markedly
      decreased. Glycoproteins IIb and III were also significantly reduced. The
      patients' platelets had normal stores of secretable constituents, but secretion
      of adenine nucleotides and acid hydrolases in response to low concentrations of
      thrombin and A23187 was drastically reduced compared to normal platelets;
      secretion of platelet factor 4 was normal. Agonist concentrations that normally
      produce maximal responses induced only partial aggregation and secretion in the
      patients' platelets. After prelabelling with [3H]arachidonate thrombin caused
      less changes in the [3H]phosphatidylinositol, [3H]phosphatidylcholine and free
      [3H]arachidonate in platelets from the patients than in platelets from normals.
      We conclude that the patients' platelets have an impairment in part of the signal
      processing mechanism that is common for all agonists and responses. This platelet
      abnormality, which has a superficial resemblance to thrombasthenia, represents a
      hitherto undescribed qualitative platelet disorder.

PMID- 3689697
TI  - Familial elevation of plasma histidine-rich glycoprotein in a family with
      thrombophilia.
AB  - A patient with spontaneous venous thrombotic events, myocardial infarction and a
      positive family history of thrombosis was investigated for underlying disorders
      of haemostasis. Abnormally high levels of histidine-rich glycoprotein were found.
      No other abnormality known or suspected of increasing the risk for thrombosis was
      present. Elevated levels of histidine-rich glycoprotein appeared to be present in
      four other members of the family over two generations suggesting a hereditary
      disorder. Further study on the relation of elevated histidine-rich glycoprotein
      levels and thrombosis is indicated.

PMID- 3689698
TI  - Familial lupus anticoagulants.
AB  - Three families having more than one affected member with SLE or lupus-like
      disease were investigated by global coagulation tests as well as methods based on
      dilute thromboplastin, Russell's viper venom and thermal stability/absorption,
      and by RIA for anticardiolipin (CL) antibodies. Of the 19 persons, 11 had SLE or
      lupus-like disease. Eight of these 11 had a prolonged KPTT and other evidence of
      LA, while only 5/11 had high anticardiolipin titres. Four healthy spouses of
      affected females, and three asymptomatic siblings also had prolonged non
      correctable KPTTs. These persons had no bleeding or thrombotic history and normal
      clotting factor levels. Further clotting tests were negative, although one had
      raised anti-CL antibody. Such cases may account for some of the patients one
      finds during routine haemostatic screening with unexplained prolonged KPTT.
      Although anticardiolipin levels are raised in subjects with LA, there was no
      close correlation between length of KPTT and anticardiolipin titre. These
      findings would support a hypothesis of transmissible agents or other
      environmental factors being involved in lupus-like disorders.

PMID- 3689699
TI  - Clotting factor levels and the risk of diffuse microvascular bleeding in the
      massively transfused patient.
AB  - Clotting factor activities and coagulation screening tests in 36 massively
      transfused patients were measured after every 12 units of blood and whenever
      diffuse microvascular bleeding (MVB) developed. Moderate deficiencies in clotting
      factors were common, but they were not associated with MVB. MVB was associated
      with severe abnormalities of coagulation, i.e. a fibrinogen level less than 0.5
      g/l or clotting factor levels less than 20%. The quantitative relationship
      between the prothrombin (PT) and partial thromboplastin (PTT) times and
      underlying clotting factor levels was explored by multiple linear regression.
      Clotting factor levels accounted for only 65-85% of the variability in these
      tests. However, clotting factor activities less than 20% were reliably reflected
      by marked prolongations of the PT and PTT (values greater than 1.8 times
      control). Our data suggest that commonly used replacement formulas are not likely
      to prevent MVB, since consumption of platelets and/or clotting factors, rather
      than simple dilution, is a major cause of the deficiencies leading to MVB.
      Modified whole blood alone was sufficient replacement therapy for most patients.
      Guidelines for transfusion of supplemental components during massive transfusion
      are given.

PMID- 3689701
TI  - Spinal cord cooling: a nursing perspective.

PMID- 3689700
TI  - The 12.6 kilobase DNA deletion in Dutch beta zero-thalassaemia.
AB  - The Dutch beta zero-thalassaemia has few clinical symptoms in homozygotes,
      elevated fetal haemoglobin (4-11%) in heterozygotes, and has a DNA deletion
      previously estimated as 10 kb which removes the beta-globin gene (Gilman et al,
      1984). A DNA fragment containing the breakpoints of the Dutch beta zero
      thalassaemia deletion has now been cloned. Sequencing across the deletion
      junction region showed the 3' endpoint to be about 3 kb further 3' than
      originally thought, so that the deletion covers 12.6 kb. The 3' endpoint lies in
      a region of Kpn I (L1) repeated sequences, which is also the case for several
      other deletions. A six bp region of homology (AAATTT) between the 5' and 3'
      normal sequences at the breakpoint may have contributed to the non-homologous
      recombination event that led to the Dutch beta zero-thalassaemia deletion. The
      12.6 kb Dutch beta zero-thalassaemia deletion is now seen to be a member of a 12
      13 kb size category of deletions which also includes two delta beta
      thalassaemias.

PMID- 3689702
TI  - Family violence: opportunity for change.

PMID- 3689703
TI  - Spinal cord injury: responses of adolescents and young adults to body changes.

PMID- 3689704
TI  - Mortality among flavour and fragrance chemical plant workers in the United
      States.
AB  - Vital status on 1 January 1981 was determined for a cohort of 1412 white men
      employed in a flavour and fragrance chemical plant between 1945 and 1965 in order
      to investigate the risks from fatal diseases among men exposed to multiple
      chemicals in the manufacture of fragrances, flavours, aroma chemicals, and other
      organic substances. Cause specific standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) were
      calculated for the entire study population and for several subsets by likelihood
      of exposure to chemicals, duration of employment, and year of hire. SMRs for
      rectal cancer and ischaemic heart disease were raised among white male employees
      whose jobs were in production, maintenance, laboratory, or other jobs that would
      involve exposure to multiple chemicals used and produced in the plant. The excess
      of rectal cancer was confined to employees who had worked as chemical operators
      and mortality was significantly raised among men who worked for ten or more
      years. Traces of dioxin were recently found in and around plant buildings that
      used trichlorophenol in the production of hexachlorophene. The study group was
      small and had limited power to detect excess risk of rare causes of death;
      however, no soft tissue sarcomas were observed during the study period.

PMID- 3689705
TI  - Excess mortality among Swedish chimney sweeps.
AB  - In a cohort study of 5464 union organised Swedish chimney sweeps employed at any
      time between 1918 and 1980 mortality was studied from 1951 to 1982 with national
      statistics used as a reference. Follow up was possible for 98.6% of the
      individuals: 717 deaths were observed against 540 expected. There was an
      increased mortality from coronary heart disease, respiratory diseases, and
      several types of malignant tumours. Lung cancer mortality was significantly
      increased and positively correlated to the number of years employed. A fivefold
      risk increase for oesophageal cancer and liver cancer was found. The increased
      mortality could be attributed to exposure to combustion products in the work
      environment but not to smoking habits.

PMID- 3689706
TI  - Occupational lead exposure and blood pressure.
AB  - Recent community studies have suggested that low level lead exposure is
      significantly associated with blood pressure in the general population. This
      finding is inconsistent with the results of recent occupational studies of lead
      exposed workers, although the occupational studies contained serious
      methodological weaknesses. The present study examined the relation between
      occupational lead exposure and diastolic and systolic blood pressure in randomly
      selected samples of 270 exposed and 158 non-exposed workers. Four exposure
      indicators were examined: employment at a lead battery plant nu a control plant,
      current blood lead value, current zinc protoporphyrin value, and time weighted
      average blood lead value. After controlling for other known risk factors such as
      age, education, income, cigarette usage, alcohol consumption, and exercise, the
      associations between exposure and blood pressure were small and non-significant.
      In the absence of a biologically feasible hypothesis regarding the mechanism by
      which low level lead exposure would influence blood pressure the present findings
      challenge the validity of the general population association.

PMID- 3689707
TI  - Levels of short (1-15 ms) electrical shocks from a 50 Hz supply inducing
      ventricular fibrillation in hyperbaric helium and oxygen.
AB  - An investigation was undertaken to determine the ventricular fibrillation (VF)
      threshold of anaesthetised dogs subjected to external application of electric
      shocks between a foreleg and a hindleg. The shocks were 2-15 ms sections of 50 Hz
      sine waveform starting at peak current and were applied at a known time in the
      heart cycle. The object of the experiment was to determine if there was an
      increase in cardiac susceptibility to electrically induced VF at 31 atmospheres
      absolute (atm abs) in a helium and oxygen environment. The duration and position
      of that part of the cardiac cycle most vulnerable to induction of VF by
      electrocution was found (seven animals) using 4 ms shocks and then the minimum
      fibrillating current for shocks of 2-15 ms (min FC2-15) delivered at the most
      vulnerable point of the cycle (five animals). Body resistance was calculated from
      the data so gathered. Fibrillation thresholds were not changed by compression and
      there were no significant changes in the vulnerable period of the cardiac cycle.
      Min FC2 was significantly higher than for other durations under both control
      (3.21 A, SD 1.08) and test conditions (3.26 A, SD 0.39), p = 0.001. There was no
      difference in body resistance at 31 atm abs (395.5, SD 12.9) from control values
      at 1 atm abs (396.7, SD 10.9). From these data it was concluded that the heart is
      no more susceptible to the induction of VF at 31 atm abs in a helium oxygen
      environment and additional safety factors are unnecessary from this point of
      view.

PMID- 3689708
TI  - Occupation and five cancers: a case-control study using death certificates.
AB  - A case-control approach has been used to examine mortality from five cancers-
      oesophagus, pancreas, cutaneous melanoma, kidney, and brain--among young and
      middle aged men resident in three English counties. The areas studied were chosen
      because they include major centres of chemical manufacture. By combining data
      from 20 years it was possible to look at local industries with greater
      statistical power than is possible using routine national statistics. Each case
      was matched with up to four controls of similar age who died in the same year
      from other causes. The occupations and industries recorded on death certificates
      were coded to standard classifications and risk estimates derived for each job
      category. Where positive associations were found the records of the cases
      concerned were examined in greater detail to see whether the risk was limited to
      specific combinations of occupation and industry. The most interesting findings
      to emerge were risks of brain cancer associated with the production of meat and
      fish products (relative risk (RR) = 9.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.6-36.8)
      and with mineral oil refining (RR = 2.9, CI 1.2-7.0), and a cluster of four
      deaths from melanoma among refinery workers (RR = 16.0, CI CI 1.8-143.2). A job
      exposure matrix was applied to the data but gave no strong indications of further
      disease associations. Local analyses of occupational mortality such as this can
      usefully supplement national statistics.

PMID- 3689710
TI  - Factor analysis of clinical data from asbestos workers: implications for
      diagnosis and screening.
AB  - Clinical data from 624 asbestos exposed workers were analysed by factor analysis.
      Fifteen clinical variables were found to reflect several underlying factors:
      "obstruction," "interstitial disorder," "x ray change," "air tapping," and
      "age/exposure." Scoring individual subjects along these axes can facilitate
      identifying early cases and avoiding false diagnosis. The analysis suggests that
      screening should be multimodal and that radiographic abnormality need not imply
      physiological impairment.

PMID- 3689709
TI  - Gastric cancer in coalminers: final report.
AB  - A matched case-control study was conducted to investigate the risk of gastric
      cancer in coalminers in the southern part of Limburg, The Netherlands. All 683
      male cases of gastric cancer were identified at the five pathology departments in
      the area, all histologically confirmed by a pathologist. For each case a control
      patient, free of gastric cancer, was selected from the same pathology department,
      matched on date of birth. Of the 1366 patients enrolled in the study, an
      occupational history was collected regarding previous employment in a Dutch coal
      mine. Of the patients with gastric cancer, 28% had been employed as underground
      workers in a coalmine compared with 25% of the control group. The odds ratio for
      underground coalmining and gastric cancer was 1.15 (95% confidence limits: 0.89
      1.47). There was no evidence for the existence of a dose-response relation. It
      was concluded that the study did not provide support for the hypothesis that
      underground coalmining increases the risk of gastric cancer.

PMID- 3689711
TI  - Exposure to benzene in Turkey between 1983 and 1985: a haematological study on
      231 workers.
AB  - A study was performed to determine the content of benzene in the air and solvents
      and thinners used by 231 workers in 40 small or large workplaces in Istanbul and
      Izmit. The benzene value in the air of a tyre cord manufacturing factory where
      two cases of acute leukaemia were recorded in a six year period was 110 ppm. In
      nine of 47 thinners (19.1%) the benzene content ranged between 0% and 6.4%
      whereas it was between 0.7% and 7.64% in 26 of 34 solvents used. A haematological
      study on 231 workers showed that there were mild abnormalities in 14 workers
      including leucopaenia in nine (3.9%), thrombocytopaenia in four (2.16%), and
      pancytopaenia in one (0.54%). This study shows that despite the considerable
      decrease in the content of benzene in the solvents and thinners available in
      Istanbul and Izmit the percentages of benzene in most of the materials are still
      above permissible limits.

PMID- 3689712
TI  - Malignant mesothelioma in Singapore.

PMID- 3689713
TI  - Anyone for teno?

PMID- 3689714
TI  - Respiratory cancer and air pollution from iron foundries in a Scottish town: an
      epidemiological and environmental study.
AB  - A geographical association between respiratory cancer and air pollution from
      steel foundries has been shown previously in Scotland and elsewhere. In the
      present study the iron-founding town of Kirkintilloch was found to have
      standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) for respiratory cancer in 1959-63, 1964-8,
      and 1969-73 that were unexceptional in comparison with Scotland. Nevertheless,
      when SMRs were calculated for respiratory cancer for the period 1966-76 in five
      zones of the town arranged, a priori, according to probable exposure to fumes
      from two iron foundries, and in the individual enumeration districts of the 1971
      census, higher SMRs were found in the residential areas most exposed to pollution
      from the foundries. The gradient of the zones' SMRs--high close to the foundries
      to low at some distance from them--persisted despite standardisation of the SMRs
      for social class. A survey of the concentrations of several metals in soil cores
      sampled at 51 sites throughout the town showed a pattern of pollution that
      probably illustrated the effects of prevailing winds and topography on the
      pollution plumes from the foundries. The value of sampling soil cores in
      investigations where historical sources of metallic air pollution are of
      epidemiological interest was emphasised by the detection of high concentrations
      of Ni in an area where a nickel refinery had been located many decades
      previously.

PMID- 3689715
TI  - Mortality from lung cancer among a cohort of nickel cadmium battery workers: 1946
      84.
AB  - The lung cancer mortality experienced by a cohort of 3025 workers from a nickel
      cadmium battery factory during the period 1946-84 has been investigated.
      Occupational histories were described in terms of 75 jobs: eight with "high," 14
      with "moderate" or slight, and 53 with minimal or zero exposure to cadmium oxide
      (hydroxide) dust. The Mantel-Haenszel technique applied to prospective (or
      historical prospective) studies was used to compare the estimated cadmium
      exposures (durations of exposed employment) of those dying from lung cancer with
      those of matching survivors in the same year of follow up, while controlling for
      sex and year, and age of starting employment. Among workers first employed in the
      period 1923-46, there was some evidence of an association between the risk of
      dying from lung cancer and duration of employment in "high or moderate" exposure
      jobs, although the evidence relied heavily on the findings for the single highest
      exposure category. Among workers first employed in the period 1947-75, there was
      no evidence whatsoever of such an association.

PMID- 3689716
TI  - Determinants of chronic bronchitis and lung dysfunction in Western Australian
      gold miners.
AB  - The relation of chronic bronchitis and respiratory dysfunction to age, tobacco
      smoking, and occupational exposure to surface and underground mining operations
      were examined in a cross sectional survey of 1363 men employed in the Kalgoorlie
      mining industry in 1985. Overall, the prevalence of chronic bronchitis was 14%.
      Eleven per cent of the workers had obstructive lung disorder (FEV1/FVC less than
      0.70) and 9% had restrictive lung disorder (FVC less than 0.80 of predicted for
      height and age). There was little change in the prevalence of chronic bronchitis
      from that observed in a survey of the same industry in 1961-2. Only 1% of the
      workers in 1985 had radiographic signs of silicosis compared with 22% in 1961-2.
      Age, smoking, and underground mining experience all exerted strong effects on the
      development of chronic bronchitis with or without associated respiratory function
      abnormalities. After control of confounding by age and smoking, it was estimated
      that compared with a lifetime non-miner, the odds ratio (OR) of chronic
      bronchitis was 1.8 (95% confidence interval, 1.0-3.3) for one to nine years
      underground mining gold, 2.5 (1.2-5.2) for 10-19 years, and 5.1 (2.4-10.9) for 20
      or more years. Underground mining of minerals other than gold was also associated
      with chronic bronchitis (OR = 5.1; 95% CI, 1.1-25.0) whereas exclusive surface
      mining had only a small empirical effect (OR = 1.3; 95% CI, 0.6-2.5). It is
      estimated that the proportion of cases of chronic bronchitis in working
      underground miners due to occupational factors is 50%. The results support the
      existence of an industrial cause of chronic bronchitis, although caution must be
      exercised in generalising the results to miners with progressive and sever
      respiratory impairment.

PMID- 3689717
TI  - Lung function and respiratory symptoms in pig farmers.
AB  - In a pilot study to investigate the health effects of swine confinement work on
      the respiratory tract pulmonary function tests and a questionnaire for
      respiratory symptoms were used. Complete data, including qualitative exposure
      information, were gathered for 132 owners of fattening, breeding, or closed pig
      farms. All measured pulmonary function values, except the FVC, were on average
      lower than the reference values of the European Committee for Coal and Steel.
      There were no significant associations between duration of exposure and pulmonary
      function. About 28% of the farmers had respiratory or flu-like symptoms during or
      shortly after confinement work; 14% reported symptoms four to eight hours after
      work. For the fattening farm the following elements of confinement management
      were negatively correlated with pulmonary function: fully slatted floor, an
      automatic feeding system, natural ventilation, and the use of dust masks. A
      significant association between lung disease of the pigs and pulmonary function
      of the pig farmers was observed.

PMID- 3689719
TI  - Occupational exposure to animals and antibodies against Pasteurella multocida.
AB  - The relation between occupational exposure to cattle and prevalence of antibodies
      against Pasteurella multocida was evaluated in 680 workers. Three groups of
      exposed workers in abattoirs and slaughterhouses (S), in industrial breeding (I),
      and in traditional breeding (T) were compared with control workers not exposed to
      cattle or chicken (C). The prevalence of antibodies against capsular antigen A
      determined by indirect haemagglutination was significantly higher in the exposed
      groups (S: 26.2%; I: 29.0%; T: 32.1%) than in the control group (C: 14.0%). The
      prevalence of antibodies against capsular antigen D did not differ significantly
      between the groups. The prevalence of antibodies against one or more somatic
      antigens 1,2,3,7,8, or 9 was higher in the exposed groups with a significant
      difference only for group T versus group C (p less than 0.05). There was also a
      significant relation between antibodies against capsular antigen A and the
      contacts with pets. This high prevalence of antibodies against P multocida
      suggests that the infection is frequently subclinical and not only a disease
      associated with pets but also an occupationally related infection.

PMID- 3689718
TI  - Small airway hyperreactivity among lifelong non-atopic non-smokers exposed to
      isocyanates.
AB  - The development of isocyanate asthma is little understood. To gain more knowledge
      in this area, a group of 20 workers occupationally exposed to isocyanates, five
      subjects with clinical isocyanate asthma, and a control group of 10 people not
      exposed to isocyanate were examined with lung function tests and a methacholine
      provocation test. Forced expiratory volume in one second and tests aimed at
      detecting small airways obstruction such as volume of trapped gas, closing
      volume, and wash out volume were made. To detect abnormal airway reactivity,
      tests were made before and after inhalation of methacholine and of salbutamol. A
      significant increased reactivity to methacholine in the exposed and asthma groups
      was seen compared with the control group as measured by volume of trapped gas.
      The increase was reversed by inhaling salbutamol. In neither group could a
      statistically significant reaction be shown in the large airways. The study group
      had increased small airways reactivity of the same magnitude as the group with
      isocyanate asthma. The subjects in the study group had no clinical symptoms or
      spirometric abnormalities. The volume of trapped gas in combination with
      methacholine seems to disclose significantly altered reactivity of the small
      airways in workers exposed to isocyanate with no subjective symptoms of disease.

PMID- 3689720
TI  - 2-Cyanoethylmercapturic acid (CEMA) in the urine as a possible indicator of
      exposure to acrylonitrile.
AB  - The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of metabolism of
      acrylonitrile (ACN) to N-acetyl-S-(2-cyanoethyl)-L-cysteine (2
      cyanoethylmercapturic acid (CEMA) in man, the kinetics of excretion of this
      metabolite, and the relation between the uptake of ACN and the excretion of CEMA
      in urine. Eleven experiments were performed on six male volunteers exposed for
      eight hours to ACN at concentrations of 5 or 10 mg/m3. The average respiratory
      retention of ACN was 52% and 21.8% of the retained ACN was excreted as CEMA in
      urine. Elimination approximated first order kinetics with half life of about
      eight hours. The best correlation between the uptake of ACN in the lungs and
      excretion of CEMA in urine was obtained when the concentration of CEMA in the
      urine fraction, collected between the sixth and eighth hours after the beginning
      of exposure, was adjusted to a specific gravity of 1.016 (y = 0.33x-13.3; r =
      0.83). CEMA excretion, however, cannot be used as an individual index of
      exposure.

PMID- 3689721
TI  - Erythrocyte membrane microviscosity and phospholipid composition in lead workers.
AB  - The microviscosity and fluidity of erythrocyte ghost membranes from lead workers
      and control subjects was measured by fluorescence polarisation using the
      fluorophore, 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH). Increased lead was associated
      with a significant decrease in the average microviscosity of resealed and
      unsealed erythrocyte membranes. Since DPH fluorescence reflects the organisation
      of lipids in the central core of the membrane, two aspects of phospholipid
      metabolism were investigated. Phospholipids were extracted from red blood cell
      ghost membranes and identified by high performance liquid chromatography. The
      ratio of phosphatidyl choline to phosphatidyl ethanolamine, an established
      correlate of membrane fluidity, was significantly increased in lead workers. This
      is attributed to the known increases in red blood cell cholesterol in lead
      workers and the structural incompatibility of phosphatidyl ethanolamine and
      cholesterol, which result in a compensatory increase of phosphatidyl choline.
      Erythrocyte ghost membranes from control subjects were resealed with the
      intermediates in phospholipid synthesis that increase with a lead inhibited
      decrease in red blood cell pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase. Membrane fluidity was not
      modified by incubation with cytidine triphosphate, uridine triphosphate, cytidine
      diphosphate choline, or cytidine diphosphate ethanolamine. Alterations in the
      microviscosity of the lipid regions of the hydrophobic core of the erythrocyte
      membrane bilayer and in the phospholipid composition of the membrane may be
      defects which contribute to the clinical and biochemical instability of the red
      blood cell on exposure to lead.

PMID- 3689722
TI  - Pituitary adenomas in a cosmetics factory.

PMID- 3689723
TI  - Update on lung disease in coalminers.

PMID- 3689724
TI  - Does conception before marriage matter?

PMID- 3689725
TI  - Renal biopsy during pregnancy: 'to b . . . or not to b . . .?'.

PMID- 3689726
TI  - Renal biopsy: indications and complications in pregnancy.
AB  - A series of 111 renal biopsies performed in 104 pregnant women during the past 20
      years at The Royal Melbourne Hospital and Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne were
      reviewed. The indications for biopsy and the histological findings are detailed.
      The complication rate was very low (4.5%). It is concluded that the procedure is
      safe and that renal biopsy during pregnancy yields a definitive histological
      diagnosis in almost all cases. The indications for renal biopsy in pregnancy are
      discussed.

PMID- 3689727
TI  - Is centralized hospital care necessary for all insulin-dependent pregnant
      diabetics?
AB  - A retrospective population study in Northern Ireland examined the benefits of
      centralized care in insulin-dependent diabetic pregnancies. In the 5 years 1979
      1983, there were 139, 250 deliveries in Northern Ireland and of these 221
      pregnancies occurred in 187 insulin-dependent diabetic patients; 100 were managed
      entirely in peripheral maternity units, 61 were referred from a peripheral unit
      to the Royal Maternity Hospital, Belfast and 60 were managed entirely in this
      central referral hospital. The patients referred from the periphery had the worst
      past obstetric history with a combined perinatal mortality rate of 200 per 1000.
      During the study period the perinatal mortality rate was 107 for the referred
      pregnancies, 33 for those managed entirely in the peripheral units and 18 for
      those managed at the Royal Maternity Hospital. If those pregnancies terminated
      for fetal abnormality, and deaths beyond the perinatal period are included, the
      figures for total fetal loss were 15.5%, 5.5% and 7.1% respectively. Overall the
      major congenital malformation rate was 7.5%, and for the respective groups 6.5%,
      3.0% and 13.0%. For the general population during the same period the perinatal
      mortality rate was 1.4% and the major congenital malformation rate was 2.5%. Thus
      it is suggested that only peripheral hospitals which can offer combined
      antenatal/endocrine care and with a neonatal intensive care unit should undertake
      the management of the pregnant diabetic.

PMID- 3689728
TI  - The continuous measurement of transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension (TcPCO2), an
      atraumatic tool to verify fetal acidosis?
AB  - TcPCO2 monitoring of the fetus during labour was evaluated as an atraumatic tool
      to identify or exclude fetal acidosis in 224 high-risk deliveries. A heated
      electrochemical sensor with a measuring temperature of 39 degrees C (n = 105) or
      44 degrees C (n = 119) was applied to the fetal scalp. There was a statistically
      significant correlation between the TcPCO2 and the fetal blood pH at both
      temperatures. The sensitivity of the method was 0.90 and 0.61 at the two
      measuring temperatures of 44 degrees or 39 degrees respectively and the
      specificity was 0.93 and 0.79 respectively. The negative predictive value was
      high (0.99 and 0.95 respectively), but the respective positive predictive values
      were only 0.53 and 0.24. We conclude that the continuous measurement of the
      TcPCO2 is a valid additional tool to exclude fetal acidosis in most cases where
      fetal distress is indicated by the heart rate pattern but a TcPCO2 value above
      the cut-off point should be verified by an additional method to avoid unnecessary
      operative deliveries.

PMID- 3689730
TI  - Pelvic examination: a survey of British practice.
AB  - Of 850 consultant gynaecologists in Great Britain who were asked about their
      preferred method of pelvic examination, 777 (91%) replied including 87 women. Of
      these, 574 (74%) regularly choose the dorsal position both for bimanual and
      speculum examination although 227 of this group use the lateral position in some
      circumstances. The other 203 (26%) preferred the left lateral for routine
      speculum examination and 100 of them also regularly used that position for
      bimanual palpation. There were marked regional variations in clinical practice,
      the lateral position being broadly more favoured in the South than in the North.
      The age of the gynaecologist was an important factor but practical clinical
      considerations appeared to be less important than habit and upbringing in
      determining choice of method.

PMID- 3689729
TI  - Combined echocardiographic and Doppler assessment of fetal congenital
      atrioventricular block.
AB  - Fetal heart rate monitoring was combined with fetal echocardiography for
      examination of atrial reactivity during labour in five fetuses with second or
      third degree heart block. Alterations in vagal tone accompanying uterine
      contraction influence atrial rate, even when the ventricle is not under atrial
      'control'. Fetal echocardiography enabled diagnosis of the underlying basis of
      the arrhythmia and located the optimal position for recording atrial activity
      with an external heart rate monitor. External and internal monitoring of atrial
      activity demonstrated reactivity during labour. Two patients were delivered
      vaginally after monitoring throughout labour. One mother preferred elective
      caesarean delivery. Caesarean section was required in another for cephalopelvic
      disproportion and in the remaining woman for late decelerations. These monitoring
      techniques provide an assessment of fetal well-being in the presence of fetal
      bradycardia due to variable degrees of heart block.

PMID- 3689731
TI  - The prognostic significance of lymphatic vascular space invasion in endometrial
      adenocarcinoma.
AB  - In a histopathological review of 171 cases of endometrial adenocarcinoma, 42
      neoplasms demonstrated lymphatic and/or vascular invasion. This finding was
      significantly correlated with depth of myometrial involvement and stage of
      disease at operation. Tumour cell type, and histological grade were correlated to
      a much lesser extent, whilst the patient's age bore no relation. Prognosis was
      significantly poorer in patients whose adenocarcinomas had invaded lymphatic
      and/or vascular spaces compared to those whose neoplasms had not. These
      observations emphasize the importance of considering lymphatic/vascular invasion
      in staging endometrial adenocarcinomas.

PMID- 3689732
TI  - Pituitary failure from Sheehan's syndrome in the puerperium. Two case reports.

PMID- 3689733
TI  - Retinal arterial macroaneurysms: a retrospective study of 40 patients.
AB  - We studied 40 patients with a total of 44 retinal arterial macroaneurysms. All
      patients were followed up for at least six months. Macroaneurysms (MAs) have
      variable clinical presentations and are still frequently misdiagnosed before
      fluorescein angiography. Haemorrhagic MAs were most frequently misdiagnosed
      (75%), and had a sudden onset with a relatively poor visual outcome. Patients
      with these MAs had higher systolic blood pressures and significantly fewer
      associated retinal vein occlusions (p less than 0.05) than other types of MA.
      Exudative MAs caused a gradual onset of symptoms, were frequently associated with
      retinal vein occlusions, and were the most frequent indication for laser
      treatment. Only one of 10 quiescent MAs subsequently developed significant
      exudation or haemorrhage. We confirm the association of MAs with retinal and
      systemic vascular disease. In addition we found that MA patients had a
      significantly higher blood packed cell volume (haematocrit) than controls (p less
      than 0.05). Laser treatment significantly shortened the duration of MA patency (p
      = 0.006).

PMID- 3689734
TI  - Combined occlusion of the central retinal artery and central retinal vein
      following blunt ocular trauma: a case report.
AB  - A healthy young woman suffered complete loss of the vision of one eye following a
      blunt ocular injury. She sustained a combined occlusion of the central retinal
      artery and central retinal vein of the affected eye. Initially few retinal
      haemorrhages were present, but they increased considerably in number and size
      during the day following injury.

PMID- 3689735
TI  - Natural history of retinopathy of prematurity.
AB  - Sixty-nine infants at risk of developing retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) were
      entered into a prospective study to assess the incidence and natural history of
      the disease. Seventeen infants developed ROP, and in six eyes the disease
      progressed to stage IV ROP. The natural regression of a pupillary membrane and
      physiological vitreous haze was not influenced by the onset of ROP. Progression
      from stage I to stage III was rapid and the rate was influenced by the zone
      affected. Congestion and tortuosity of vessels in the posterior pole always
      signified stage III ROP. Progression from stage III to stage IV ROP was slower;
      it was characterised by the development of vitreoretinopathy, signified by the
      sudden onset of a vitreous haze. Iris congestion associated with poor mydriasis
      may be a grave sign indicating imminent retinal detachment. Cicatricial ROP can
      be divided into retinal and vitreoretinal cicatricial disease directly related to
      the stage of active disease reached. ROP is characterised by its self limiting
      nature, but the stage at which it becomes inactive varies and will influence the
      final outcome.

PMID- 3689736
TI  - Glaucoma in Fuchs' heterochromic cyclitis associated with congenital Horner's
      syndrome.
AB  - We report a retrospective study of five patients with monocular Fuchs'
      heterochromic cyclitis associated with an ipsilateral Horner's syndrome. The
      minimum follow-up was 10 years. The presenting findings were cyclitis in three of
      the patients and heterochromia iridis associated with blepharoptosis in the other
      two. The major factors affecting all five patients were cataract and glaucoma.
      The intraocular pressure was uncontrolled even with maximal therapy, and
      antiglaucomatous surgery was performed in all cases. A short period of good
      postoperative control was followed by an intractable ocular hypertension, causing
      loss of useful vision in all patients. The remarkable combination of Horner's
      syndrome with glaucoma and their interaction is discussed.

PMID- 3689737
TI  - Significance of intraocular lens power calculation.
AB  - A total of 94 patients underwent extracapsular cataract extraction and insertion
      of Sinsky style two-loop posterior chamber intraocular lenses. Forty-six eyes
      received a standard power IOL and 48 eyes were given a preoperatively calculated
      IOL. A significant difference was found in the two groups with regard to the
      postoperative refractive error and uncorrected visual acuity.

PMID- 3689738
TI  - Chemical burns of the eye: causes and management.
AB  - For the 14 months 1 January 1985 to 28 February 1986 all cases of chemical eye
      injury presenting to the Croydon Eye Unit were analysed. Of the 180 cases 19 were
      caused by assaults and 14 were admitted for treatment. The wide range of
      injurious substances is emphasised, and the circumstances of injury are listed. A
      discussion of the management of chemical eye injury is included.

PMID- 3689739
TI  - Retinoblastoma: report of a case with minimal retinal involvement but massive
      anterior segment spread.
AB  - The case is described of a unilateral retinoblastoma in a 7-year-old girl which
      was initially misdiagnosed because of massive anterior segment involvement in the
      apparent absence of a retinal lesion. Only on histopathological examination of
      the enucleated eye was the presence of retinal tumour established, this being
      confined to two minute foci at the extreme periphery.

PMID- 3689740
TI  - Impact of cattle on the prevalence and severity of trachoma.
AB  - Ethiopia is the African country with the largest number of cattle (26 million).
      Because of the potential impact of cattle on the transmission and severity of
      trachoma, the major cause of blindness in the country, an attempt is made to
      document this association to justify the inclusion of the control of cattle
      pollution in the prevention of blindness. The prevalence of trachoma is lower in
      pastoralists who herd mainly camels than in pastoralists who herd mainly cattle.
      In the first group the prevalences of moderate and severe trachoma in children
      under 10 are 0.9% and trichiasis/entropion in the total population 0.2%, whereas
      in the second group the prevalences are 45.1% and 4.0% respectively. In Borana
      pastoralists with and without cattle the prevalence ratio for moderate and severe
      trachoma is 1.0, whereas the prevalence ratios for severe trachoma and
      conjunctivitis were higher in the group with cattle, 2.5 and 3.0 (p less than
      0.001 for both). The elimination of cattle pollution should reduce the prevalence
      of severe trachoma by 45.4%. This is the first study presenting evidence of an
      association between cattle and trachoma. On the basis of this study a strong
      recommendation is made to the Ministry of Health to control cattle pollution in
      rural areas as a major strategy to prevent blindness in Ethiopia.

PMID- 3689741
TI  - Postoperative grey-white lines of the posterior cornea and endothelial cell
      damage.
AB  - 'Snailtracks' (grey-white streaks and patches on the posterior corneal surface
      which occur postoperatively) have recently been implicated as possible markers of
      corneal endothelial cell damage. We have examined this phenomenon in vivo with
      the slit-lamp and specular microscope. We recognised three types of linear form
      and, in contradiction of other observers, found that each was always coincident
      with a wrinkle in Descemet's membrane. Moreover, we were able to demonstrate only
      minimal endothelial cell damage in only a few of the tracks.

PMID- 3689742
TI  - Intra-individual variability and measurement noise in estimates of energy
      expenditure by whole body indirect calorimetry.
AB  - 1. Four men were each studied continuously over 12 d in a whole-body calorimeter.
      Dietary intake and daily activities were kept constant throughout the study. 2.
      Day-to-day coefficients of variation in energy expenditure within subjects were
      found to be 1.97% over 24 h, 5.93% during basal metabolic rate measurement, 2.40%
      overnight and 3.22% in exercise. 3. The contribution of measurement system noise
      to the observed variability was analysed and shown to be generally small. The
      source of this noise was considered. 4. The results reinforce and extend other
      comparable reports and show that within-subject variability forms a small part of
      reported observations of between-subject variability.

PMID- 3689743
TI  - Energy intake, expenditure and pattern of daily activity of Nigerian male
      students.
AB  - 1. Twenty apparently healthy and normal Nigerian male students, resident at the
      University of Ibadan campus, were studied for seven consecutive days to assess
      their food energy intake and expenditure and pattern of their daily activities.
      2. The mean age (years) of the group was 24.0 (SD 3.23, range 20-30), mean height
      (m) 1.71 (SD 0.06, range 1.61-1.84) and body-weight (kg) was 61.1 (SD 5.01, range
      51.0-69.5). 3. The food intake of each subject was obtained by direct weighing
      and its energy value determined using a ballistic bomb calorimeter. Patterns of
      daily activities were recorded and the energy costs of representative activities
      were determined by indirect calorimetry. 4. Activities mainly involved sitting,
      mean 580 (SD 167, range 394-732) min/d. Sleeping and standing activities took a
      mean of 445 (SD 112) and 115 (SD 75) min/d respectively. Personal domestic
      activities took a mean of 94 (SD 40) min/d. 5. The mean energy intake of the
      group was 11,182 (SD 1970) kJ/d or 183 (SD 32) kJ/kg body-weight per d. This
      value is lower than the 12.5 MJ/d recommended by the Food and Agriculture
      Organization (FAO)/World Health Organization (WHO) (1973) as the energy
      requirement for an adult man engaged in moderate activities, but it is higher
      than the FAO/WHO/United Nations University (UNU) (1985) recommended value of 10.8
      MJ/d for a male office clerk (light activity). It is also lower than the
      recommended energy requirement of 11.6 MJ/d for a subsistence farmer (moderately
      active work) (FAO/WHO/UNU, 1985). 6. The mean energy expenditure of the male
      subjects was 9876 (SD 1064, range 7159-12,259) kJ/d and was lower than mean
      intake. 7. The energy intake and expenditure values indicated that the groups
      participating in the present study were not physically very active. It is an
      indication that the Nigerian male students expended less but probably consumed
      more energy than required. It is suggested for health reasons and for mental
      fitness that the Nigerian male students might undertake more physical exercise.

PMID- 3689744
TI  - A comparison of the antigenicity of soya-bean-based infant formulas.
AB  - 1. The antigenicity of four soya-bean-based infant formulas (Prosobee powder,
      Prosobee liquid concentrate (Mead Johnson, Uxbridge, Middx), Wysoy (Wyeth,
      Maidenhead, Berks) and Formula S (Cow and Gate, Trowbridge, Wilts] was measured
      by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) specific for glycinin and beta
      conglycinin. Results were compared with in vivo assessments of antigenicity using
      guinea-pigs, rabbits and calves. 2. The levels of antigenic glycinin and beta
      conglycinin in Wysoy and Formula S were below the limits of detection of the
      ELISA. Both these proteins were detected in Prosobee powder and Prosobee liquid
      concentrate with the highest levels, especially for glycinin, being present in
      Prosobee powder. 3. Wysoy was sufficiently antigenic to evoke a soya-bean
      specific serum antibody response in rabbits injected with this formula emulsified
      in complete Freunds adjuvant. A significantly greater response was obtained when
      rabbits were similarly injected with Prosobee powder. 4. The formulas varied in
      their ability to sensitize guinea-pigs for both anaphylaxis and antibody
      production when given orally, although the differences were not statistically
      significant. Prosobee powder appeared to be the most antigenic and Formula S the
      least, with Prosobee liquid concentrate and Wysoy being intermediate. 5. Similar
      variations in antigenicity were observed when Prosobee powder, Wysoy and Formula
      S were fed to soya-bean-sensitive calves. These formulas were all capable of
      provoking intestinal disturbances (seen as increased ileal flow-rate, decreased
      small intestinal transit time and decreased nitrogen absorption) but the most
      severe reactions were seen when Prosobee powder was fed and the least with
      Formula S. 6. Thus the four soya-bean-based infant formulas showed considerable
      differences in antigenicity. In vivo studies using guinea-pigs, rabbits and
      calves were in good agreement and broadly correlated with the immunochemical
      assessment of antigenicity. However, the in vitro and in vivo results did not
      correspond exactly and levels of glycinin and beta-conglycinin below the limit of
      detection by ELISA could evoke an immune response in the different animal
      species. We believe that these variations in antigenicity of different commercial
      products prepared from isolated soya-bean protein may be important when
      interpreting the results from studies of the development of allergy in infants
      given soya-bean-based formulas.

PMID- 3689745
TI  - The effect of fasting on enzyme levels in the enlarged and involuting rat
      pancreas.
AB  - 1. The effect on pancreatic digestive enzyme levels of fasting and changes from a
      diet containing trypsin inhibitor (raw soya-bean flour, RSF) to diets free of
      trypsin inhibitor (heated soya-bean flour, HSF, or commercial rat chow) was
      studied in rats for up to 7 d. 2. In RSF-fed rats killed without fasting, enzyme
      levels were low, but after fasting for 24 h before killing there was a marked
      increase in all enzyme levels. Histological studies showed that pancreatic acinar
      cells from RSF-fed rats killed without fasting were devoid of zymogen granules,
      but following a 24 h fast there was a marked accumulation of zymogen granules
      which extend into the basal cytoplasm. Fasting either produced no change or a
      fall in enzyme levels in rats fasted after feeding HSF or chow continuously. 3.
      If animals fed on RSF were changed to HSF and either fed or fasted for 24 h up to
      the time of killing there was an increase in amylase (EC 3.2.1.1), trypsin (EC
      3.4.21.4), lipase (triacylglycerol lipase; EC 3.1.1.3) and protein 1 d after the
      change, followed by a fall over the next 6 d to levels similar to those seen in
      rats fed on HSF continuously. 4. Animals changed from RSF to chow showed similar
      effects as far as trypsin, lipase and protein were concerned, but amylase rose,
      to reach the level seen in rats fed on chow continuously (about ten times that
      seen in soya-bean-fed rats), after 2 d. 5. These results suggest that in the rats
      fed on RSF, pancreatic enzyme synthesis is rapid but secretion is equally rapid
      and intracellular enzyme levels are low. When these animals are fasted or changed
      to a diet free of trypsin inhibitor the rate of secretion falls but the high rate
      of synthesis continues for at least 24 h and enzymes accumulate in the pancreas.
      In studies of pancreatic enzyme levels in rats fed on trypsin inhibitor the
      extent of fasting before killing the animal is therefore an important variable.
      Such animals should probably not be fasted before study.

PMID- 3689746
TI  - Evaluation of the net energy value of glucose (cerelose) and maize starch in
      diets for rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri).
AB  - 1. Quadruplicate groups of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) (mean body-weight 24.9
      g) were reared on six dietary treatments (practical-type diets) in a modified
      paired-feeding experiment for 12 weeks at 15 degrees to determine the net energy
      (NE) value of starch and glucose to rainbow trout. 2. Three test diets were
      prepared to contain (g/kg): 0 supplemented carbohydrate (diet 1), 250 maize
      starch (diet 2) and 250 glucose (diet 3) and were given ad lib. to the trout with
      the feeding rate of the glucose- and starch-fed groups being monitored after each
      feeding. The remaining three treatments involved controlled feeding of the trout
      with diet 1 at 75% of the feed intake of trout reared on diets 2 and 3, so as to
      provide the same levels of protein and lipids without carbohydrate, and with diet
      2 at 100% of the feed intake of trout reared on diet 3. 3. The difference in the
      final carcass energy of the ad lib.-fed group and the respective controlled-fed
      group divided by the amount of dietary glucose or starch energy consumed by the
      trout is the NE value for that carbohydrate. 4. The determined NE value of
      glucose was 3.99 kJ/g and starch 2.17 kJ/g, which is 24.6 and 12.6% respectively
      of the gross energy values of these carbohydrates in rainbow trout. 5. The
      results indicate that digestible energy and calculated metabolizable energy
      values for carbohydrates in rainbow trout overestimate the utilizable energy
      content of the diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3689747
TI  - Determination of protein degradation rates using a rumen in vitro system
      containing inhibitors of microbial nitrogen metabolism.
AB  - 1. A previously reported rumen in vitro system (Broderick, 1978) was modified to
      include chloramphenicol (CAP) with hydrazine sulphate (HS) to give quantitative
      recovery of protein breakdown products. Degradation rates were determined by
      regression v. time of log proportion remaining undegraded (computed by
      subtracting from added nitrogen the amount of N recovered as ammonia and amino
      acids). Concentrations of reagents giving optimal N recoveries and estimated
      degradation rates for casein and expeller soya-bean-meal (SBM) were: 1.0 mM-HS,
      30 micrograms CAP/ml, 2.0 mM-mercaptoethanol, 3.3 mg maltose/ml, when protein was
      added at 0.125 mg N/ml. 2. Digestion of azo-casein and azo-albumin,
      solubilization of radioactivity from 14C-labelled casein, ovalbumin and bovine
      serum albumin (BSA), and hydrolysis of benzoyl-L-tyrosine p-nitroanilide and
      benzoyl-L-arginine p-nitroanilide were not significantly decreased by HS and CAP.
      This suggests that the inhibitors did not reduce microbial proteolysis. 3. Mean
      fractional degradation rates (/h) were: 0.395 casein, 0.135 BSA, 0.159 solvent
      SBM, 0.045 expeller-SBM, 0.061 meat meal, 0.070 lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay.
      Extents of protein escape, estimated assuming rumen passage of 0.06/h, were 13,
      28, 56 and 40% for casein, solvent-SBM, expeller-SBM and lucerne hay
      respectively. This method appears more reliable for assessing rumen degradability
      than buffer N solubility and protein digestibility with ficin protease. 4. Azo
      dye treatment slowed the rate of casein degradation, measured by ammonia plus
      amino acid release, but did not alter digestion of BSA. 5. The validity of the
      inhibitor in vitro method for estimating protein degradability, as well as
      potential problems in its application, are discussed. The complete procedure may
      be limited to laboratories with automated analytical equipment, but a simplified
      version of the method may be more generally applicable.

PMID- 3689748
TI  - Effect of sugar fatty acid esters on rumen fermentation in vitro.
AB  - 1. The effect of sugar fatty acid esters (SFEs; currently used as food additives
      for human consumption) on rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA) and gas production was
      studied with sheep rumen contents in vitro. 2. Some SFEs having monoester
      contents of more than 70% increased the molar proportion of propionate in
      conjunction with reduction in the acetate:propionate ratio when the individual
      SFE was added to rumen contents in a final concentration of 4 g/l. Laurate sugar
      ester was the most potent propionate enhancer and rumen gas depressor, the
      effective dose being as low as 1 g/l in a final concentration. Fatty acid esters
      other than SFEs had little, if any, effect on rumen VFA production and their
      molar proportions. 3. Approximately 50% of laurate sugar ester was hydrolysed by
      in vitro incubation with rumen fluid for 2 h. The addition of fatty acids and
      sucrose was also effective in the alterations of rumen VFA and gas production.
      However, the effect of SFEs on in vitro rumen fermentation was significantly
      greater than that of their constituent fatty acids or sucrose, or both.
      Accordingly, the effect appeared to be ascribed to the complex action of SFE
      itself and to its constituents, free fatty acids and sucrose. 4. SFEs, at the
      level of 4 g/l, reduced substantially the froth formation (ingesta volume
      increase) and seemed to be effective for the prevention of bloat.

PMID- 3689749
TI  - The relation between sodium chloride concentration in drinking water and egg
      shell damage.
AB  - 1. A significant linear increase in egg-shell defects from 60-week-old laying
      hens, and corresponding significant linear decreases in various egg-shell-quality
      measurements, were observed in response to increasing concentrations of sodium
      chloride in the drinking water, to the maximum concentration of 600 mg/l used in
      the present study. 2. The incidence of damaged egg shells was increased 3-fold by
      including NaCl in the drinking water at a concentration of 600 mg/l. 3. Shell
      defects declined when birds were placed on normal water for 5 weeks but were
      still 1.4- to 2.1-fold greater than control values. 4. After an induced rest from
      lay on normal water, shell defects were still 1.3- to 3.2-fold greater in birds
      which had previously received the NaCl in the drinking water. 5. The increased
      incidence of shell damage was not related to decreased food intake or increased
      egg weight or production.

PMID- 3689750
TI  - Nutritional encephalomalacia in the chick: an exposure of the vulnerable period
      for cerebellar development and the possible need for both omega 6- and omega 3
      fatty acids.
AB  - 1. Cockerels (1-d-old) received over a period of 4 weeks, a balanced diet
      containing either safflower oil (diet S) or linseed oil (diet L) as a source of
      polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Body-weight, and weights of cerebrum and
      cerebellum increased at similar rates in the two dietary groups. The total fatty
      acids (FA) of the cerebellum differed from the cerebral FA by their higher PUFA
      and oleic acid contents and their lower stearic acid level. During the 3rd week
      of life there was a spurt in accretion of PUFA in the cerebellum, but not in the
      cerebrum. At the end of the experimental period phosphatidylethanolamine was
      present at twice the concentration in the cerebellum, compared with the cerebrum.
      2. Diets S and L resulted in extensive mutual replacement of omega 6- and omega 3
      FA in brain, without any significant change in the total PUFA. Brain oleic acid
      concentration was higher in the diet-L group than in the diet-S group, but
      saturated FA were not affected by the dietary treatments. 3. These results may be
      relevant to basic brain biology and to chick nutritional encephalomalacia (NE).
      This disease, which specifically affects the cerebellum and is readily induced by
      diets supplying linoleic acid but deficient in vitamin E, usually reaches its
      highest incidence during the 3rd week of life and may thus be related to the
      cerebellar PUFA spurt that occurs at that time. The fact that NE was induced by
      linoleic acid, while alpha-linolenic acid exerted a protective action, points to
      an overproduction of arachidonic-derived eicosanoids as a factor in the etiology
      of the cerebellar lesion and possibly a structural change due to a loss of
      docosahexaenoic acid and gain of arachidonic acid in the chicks given diet S.

PMID- 3689751
TI  - Histidine requirement of kittens for growth, haematopoiesis and prevention of
      cataracts.
AB  - 1. The histidine requirement of growing kittens was determined from an experiment
      in which forty-eight kittens were randomly allocated to six amino acid-based
      diets supplying: 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 or 4.5 g histidine base/kg diet. 2. By
      48 d it was obvious that 1.0 and 1.5 g histidine/kg diet were grossly inadequate
      so the kittens receiving these two diets were removed from the experiment. The
      other four groups of kittens continued to receive their diets for a total of 128
      d. 3. Mean daily weight gain, nitrogen retention and food intake attained plateau
      values at 2.1 g histidine/kg diet. 4. Blood samples taken at 25 and 48 d after
      kittens were given the diets showed a significant effect of dietary histidine on
      haemoglobin (Hb) concentration. Hb and packed cell volume (PCV) attained
      asymptotic values at 3.0 g histidine/kg diet at 48 d. At 128 d, kittens consuming
      diets containing 2.0-4.5 g histidine/kg had similar Hb and PCV values. 5.
      Cataracts of both eyes were observed in two of nine female kittens which had
      received diets containing either 2.0 or 2.5 g histidine/kg. 6. A concentration of
      3 g histidine/kg diet is recommended as a practical guide for feeding kittens. 7.
      There was a rectilinear relation (r2 0.99) between the logarithm of the histidine
      concentration of plasma and the concentration of histidine in the diet over the
      range 1.5-3.0 g histidine/kg diet.

PMID- 3689752
TI  - Adaptations in protein metabolism during lactation in the rat.
AB  - 1. The activities of two hepatic enzymes that participate in the regulation of
      amino acid oxidation and urea synthesis were measured in lactating rats (day 15
      of lactation) and virgin controls. The enzymes were alanine aminotransferase (EC
      2.6.1.2) and argininosuccinate synthase (EC 6.3.4.5). Carcasses of the dams were
      also analysed. 2. Changes in the activities of both enzymes in dams fed ad lib.
      on a diet containing an excess of protein indicated that amino acid oxidation was
      depressed. In dams restricted in protein to the level of intake of their controls
      but allowed to satisfy their needs for energy, enzyme activities were
      significantly reduced. In these animals lean tissue catabolism supplemented the
      dietary protein supply. 3. This adjustment in protein metabolism which
      effectively spares protein for milk-protein synthesis could be explained either
      by a reduction in the availability of substrate in the liver, or by the
      intervention of an anabolic hormone secreted in lactation.

PMID- 3689753
TI  - Heinz body anaemia in lambs with deficiencies of copper or selenium.
AB  - 1. The progression of Heinz body anaemia was studied in groups of lambs of low-
      and high-copper status, produced through breeding or Cu supplementation, when
      they were transferred from improved pasture to rape (Brassica napus L.) in
      autumn. Some lambs had previously received selenium by injection. The Cu and Se
      supplements markedly increased superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1; SOD) and
      glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9; GSHPx) activities respectively in the
      erythrocytes, and both supplements had elicited growth responses at pasture. 2.
      At the time of transfer to rape, lambs not treated with Cu had lower whole-blood
      haemoglobin (Hb) concentrations and a higher percentage of erythrocytes
      containing Heinz bodies (6.6 v. 3.7%, P less than 0.01) than Cu-treated lambs:
      the corresponding effects of Se treatment were similar in direction but lower in
      magnitude (P less than 0.05). 3. After grazing rape for 2 weeks the mean Hb
      concentration had fallen by 30 g/l while Heinz body count had increased from 5 to
      25%. However, counts were negatively correlated with the initial values and were
      unaffected by the Cu and Se treatments which maintained high plasma Cu
      concentrations and SOD and GSHPx activities. 4. The results provide the first
      evidence that Cu deficiency can induce Heinz body formation and the anaemia in
      grazing Cu-deficient lambs may be partly haemolytic in origin. The concomitant Se
      deficiency added marginally to the problem but neither the separate nor combined
      deficiencies increased the susceptibility of lambs to brassica anaemia.

PMID- 3689754
TI  - Main-chain-directed strategy for the assignment of 1H NMR spectra of proteins.
AB  - A strategy for assigning the resonances in two-dimensional (2D) NMR spectra of
      proteins is described. The method emphasizes the analysis of through-space
      relationships between protons by use of the two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser
      effect (NOE) experiment. NOE patterns used in the algorithm were derived from a
      statistical analysis of the combinations of short proton-proton distances
      observed in the high-resolution crystal structures of 21 proteins. One starts
      with a search for authentic main-chain NH-C alpha H-C beta H J-coupled units,
      which can be found with high reliability. The many main-chain units of a protein
      are then placed in their proper juxtaposition by recognition of predefined NOE
      connectivity patterns. To discover these connectivities, the 2D NOE spectrum is
      examined, in a prescribed order, for the distinct NOE patterns characteristic of
      helices, sheets, turns, and extended chain. Finally, the recognition of a few
      amino acid side-chain types places the discovered secondary structure elements
      within the polypeptide sequence. Unlike the sequential assignment approach, the
      main-chain-directed strategy does not rely on the difficult task of recognizing
      many side-chain spin systems in J-correlated spectra, the assignment process is
      not in general sequential with the polypeptide chain, and the prescribed
      connectivity patterns are cyclic rather than linear. The latter characteristic
      avoids ambiguous branch points in the analysis and imposes an internally
      confirmatory property on each forward step.

PMID- 3689755
TI  - Purification and reconstitution of a 75-kilodalton protein identified as a
      component of the renal Na+/glucose symporter.
AB  - A 75-kilodalton (kDa) protein was purified from solubilized renal brush border
      membranes by using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and preparative
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Functional and
      immunological properties identified the 75-kDa protein as a component of the
      Na+/glucose symport system. The purified protein was specifically recognized by a
      monoclonal antibody that functionally interacts with the Na+/glucose symporter.
      Na+-dependent phlorizin binding activity was associated with fractions containing
      the 75-kDa protein during HPLC fractionation on the anion exchanger Mono-Q and
      was greatly increased after reconstitution into egg yolk phosphatidylcholine
      vesicles. The final purified preparation contained glucosamine and a blocked N
      terminus.

PMID- 3689756
TI  - Limited proteolysis alters the photoaffinity labeling of adenosine 3',5'
      monophosphate dependent protein kinase II with 8-azidoadenosine 3',5'
      monophosphate.
AB  - Photoaffinity labeling of the regulatory subunits of cAMP-dependent protein
      kinase with 8-azidoadenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (8-N3cAMP) has proved to be a
      very specific method for identifying amino acid residues that are in close
      proximity to the cAMP-binding sites. Each regulatory subunit contains two tandem
      cAMP-binding sites. The type II regulatory subunit (RII) from porcine heart was
      modified at a single site, Tyr-381 [Kerlavage, A., & Taylor, S.S. (1980) J. Biol.
      Chem. 255, 8483-8488]. When a proteolytic fragment of this RII subunit was
      photolabeled with 8-N3cAMP, two sites were covalently modified. One site
      corresponded to Tyr-381 and, thus, was analogous to the native RII. The other
      site of modification was identified as Tyr-196, which is not labeled in the
      native protein. Photoaffinity labeling was carried out in the presence of various
      analogues of cAMP that show a preference for one of the two tandem cAMP-binding
      sites. These studies established that the covalent modification of Tyr-381 was
      derived from 8-N3cAMP that was bound to the second cAMP-binding site (domain B)
      and that covalent modification to Tyr-196 was due to 8-N3cAMP that was bound to
      the first cAMP-binding site (domain A). These sites of covalent modification have
      been correlated with a model of each cAMP-binding site on the basis of the
      crystal structure of the catabolite gene activator protein (CAP), which is the
      major cAMP-binding protein in Escherichia coli.

PMID- 3689757
TI  - Conformation of the ATP binding peptide in actin revealed by proton NMR
      spectroscopy.
AB  - The actin peptide 106-124 exists in a completely conserved region of the sequence
      and binds strongly to both ATP and tripolyphosphate. Binding particularly affects
      residues 116 and 118 and generally affects the two segments 115-118 and 121-124
      [Barden, J. A., & Kemp, B. E. (1987) Biochemistry 26, 1471-1478]. One-dimensional
      nuclear Overhauser enhancement difference spectroscopy was used to detect
      molecular interactions between both adjacent and nonadjacent residues. The N
      terminal segment 106-112 was found to be largely extended. A sharp bend was
      detected between Pro-112 and Lys-113. The triphosphate moiety binds to the
      strongly hydrophilic central segment of the peptide. Evidence was obtained for a
      reverse turn involving residues 121-124. Amide proton temperature coefficients
      and coupling constants provide evidence for a type I beta-turn. A model of the
      ATP binding site is proposed together with its relationship to other parts of the
      actin structure and to the phalloidin binding site.

PMID- 3689758
TI  - Effects of hyaluronic acid and other glycosaminoglycans on fibrin polymer
      formation.
AB  - Previously, we reported that the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) hyaluronic acid (HA)
      specifically bound to the plasma protein fibrinogen [LeBoeuf, R. D., Raja, R. R.,
      Fuller, G. M., & Weigel, P. H. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 12586]. The binding of
      other macromolecules to fibrinogen could influence the conversion of fibrinogen
      to fibrin. Therefore, we tested whether HA and other GAGs could alter the
      kinetics of fibrin polymer formation and the physical structure of the resulting
      gel. In this study, we present data showing that the GAGs HA and chondroitin
      sulfate (CS) affect fibrin formation in three specific ways: (i) they decreased
      the clotting time of fibrinogen 3-10-fold; (ii) both GAGs increase significantly
      the rate of fibrin polymer formation; and (iii) fibrin gels containing HA or CS
      had a final A450 that was greater than controls, indicating that these two
      glycosaminoglycans influence either the final size of fibrin fibrils or the
      extent of the lateral association between fibrils. These results demonstrate that
      the interactions of HA and CS with forming fibrin polymers can alter both the
      kinetics of formation and may produce structural changes in fibrin gels.

PMID- 3689759
TI  - Antibodies directed against N-terminal residues on actin do not block acto-myosin
      binding.
AB  - Several studies using a variety of approaches have suggested a possible role for
      the amino-terminal residues of skeletal muscle actin in acto-myosin interaction.
      In order to assess the significance of acto-S-1 contacts involving the N-terminal
      segment of actin, we have prepared polyclonal antisera against a synthetic
      peptide corresponding to the seven amino-terminal residues of rabbit skeletal
      muscle actin (alpha-N-terminal peptide). Affinity-purified immunoglobulin (Ig) G
      (and Fab) prepared from these antisera reacts strongly and specifically with the
      amino-terminal segment of both G- and F-actin but not with myosin subfragment 1
      (S-1). This specificity was determined by Western blot analysis of actin and its
      proteolytic fragments and the inhibition of the above reactivity by the alpha-N
      terminal peptide. The alpha-N-terminal peptide did not interact with S-1 in
      solution, affect S-1 and actin-activated S-1 MgATPase, or cause dissociation of
      the acto-S-1 complex. In separate experiments F-actin could be cosedimented with
      S-1 and affinity-purified IgG or Fab by using an air-driven ultracentrifuge.
      Densitometric analysis of sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gels of pellet
      and supernatant fractions from such experiments demonstrated the binding of both
      S-1 and IgG or Fab to the same F-actin protomer. Our results suggest that, while
      the acidic N-terminal amino acids of actin may contact the myosin head, these
      residues cannot be the main determinants of acto-S-1 interaction.

PMID- 3689760
TI  - A synthetic 33-residue analogue of bovine brain calmodulin calcium binding site
      III: synthesis, purification, and calcium binding.
AB  - The sequential solid-phase synthesis of a peptide analogue of bovine brain
      calmodulin calcium binding site III covering residues 81-113 of the natural
      sequence is described. Methionine-109 is replaced by a leucine residue to avoid
      complications in the synthesis and purification. In an attempt to relate the
      structure of the calcium binding sites in the naturally occurring calcium binding
      protein to the calcium affinity of these sites, the synthetic analogue is
      examined for calcium binding by circular dichroism spectroscopy. The calcium
      binding characteristics are compared to those of a synthetic analogue of the
      homologous calcium binding site III in rabbit skeletal troponin C. The Kd of the
      calmodulin site III fragment for Ca2+ is determined as 878 microM whereas the Kd
      of the troponin C fragment is 30 times smaller at 28 microM. Structural changes
      induced in the peptides by Ca2+ and trifluoroethanol are similar. This study
      supports our contention that the single synthetic calcium binding site is a
      reasonable model for the study of the structure-activity relationships of the
      calcium binding sites in calcium-regulated proteins such as calmodulin and
      troponin C.

PMID- 3689761
TI  - On the binding of bilirubin and its structural analogues to hepatic microsomal
      bilirubin UDPglucuronyltransferase.
AB  - Hepatic glucuronidation of the asymmetrical natural bilirubin molecule results in
      formation of two different positional isomers, bilirubin C-8 monoglucuronide and
      bilirubin C-12 monoglucuronide. In view of the existence of multiple isoforms of
      UDPglucuronyltransferase, which is the microsomal enzyme system responsible for
      bilirubin esterification, we performed kinetic analysis of microsomal
      glucuronidation of bilirubin and a number of its structural congeners to
      determine whether synthesis of the two monoglucuronide isomers involved two
      distinct substrate-binding sites or reflected two different modes of binding to a
      single catalytic site. Both isomers were found in all tested species (man, rat,
      guinea pig, sheep), but there were marked species differences in the C-8/C-12
      ratio of monoglucuronide found in bile or formed by liver microsomes.
      Correspondence between in vivo and in vitro results for such regioselectivity of
      glucuronidation was excellent in each species. On the basis of our results of
      kinetic analysis of bilirubin esterification at variable pigment substrate
      concentrations and inhibition studies with alternative substrates, we postulate
      that both natural monoglucuronide isomers are synthesized at a single binding
      site. Possible mechanisms responsible for the markedly regioselective
      esterification of bilirubin by rat and sheep liver were investigated by study of
      glucuronidation of selected structural analogues of the pigment. Our results do
      not support explanations of regioselectivity of bilirubin glucuronidation in
      terms of (i) preferential binding of either the C-8- or C-12-containing
      dipyrrolic half of the asymmetrical bilirubin molecule or (ii) enantioselective
      complexation of bilirubin UDPglucuronyltransferase to one of the two chirality
      enantiomers of intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded bilirubin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3689763
TI  - 19F nuclear magnetic resonance measurement of the distance between the E-site GTP
      and the high-affinity Mg2+ in tubulin.
AB  - The distance separating the divalent metal ion high-affinity binding site and the
      exchangeable nucleotide binding site on tubulin was evaluated by using high
      resolution 19F NMR. The 31P and 19F NMR spectra of guanosine 5'-(gamma
      fluorotriphosphate) [GTP (gamma F)] were studied. Both the fluorine and the gamma
      phosphate were split into a doublet with a coupling constant of 936 Hz. Tubulin
      purified according to the method of Weisenberg [Weisenberg, R.C., & Timasheff,
      S.N. (1970) Biochemistry 9, 4110-4116] was incubated with 1 mM Mn2+. After one
      cycle of assembly, Mn2+ replaced Mg2+ only partially, i.e., 60% at the high
      affinity binding site. After colchicine treatment of tubulin to stabilize it,
      GTP(gamma F) was added, and the 254-MHz fluorine-19 relaxation rates were
      measured within the first 4 h. Longitudinal and transversal relaxation rates were
      determined at two concentrations of GTP(gamma F) and variable concentrations of
      colchicine-tubulin-Mn(II) (paramagnetic complex) or the ternary complex with
      magnesium (diamagnetic complex). The analysis of the relaxation data indicates
      that the rate of exchange of GTP(gamma F) from the exchangeable nucleotide site
      has a lower limit of 8.7 X 10(4) s-1 and the metal and exchangeable nucleotide
      binding sites are separated by an upper distance between 6 and 8 A. These data
      confirm that the high-affinity divalent cation site is situated in the same locus
      as that of the exchangeable nucleotide, forming a metal-nucleotide complex.

PMID- 3689762
TI  - Rate equation for creatine kinase predicts the in vivo reaction velocity: 31P NMR
      surface coil studies in brain, heart, and skeletal muscle of the living rat.
AB  - Brain, heart, and skeletal muscle contain four different creatine kinase isozymes
      and various concentrations of substrates for the creatine kinase reaction. To
      identify if the velocity of the creatine kinase reaction under cellular
      conditions is regulated by enzyme activity and substrate concentrations as
      predicted by the rate equation, we used 31P NMR and spectrophotometric techniques
      to measure reaction velocity, enzyme content, isozyme distribution, and
      concentrations of substrates in brain, heart, and skeletal muscle of living rat
      under basal or resting conditions. The total tissue activity of creatine kinase
      in the direction of MgATP synthesis provided an estimate for Vmax (23.4 +/- 2.8,
      62.4 +/- 4.5, and 224 +/- 16 mM/s) and exceeded the NMR-determined in vivo
      reaction velocities by an order of magnitude (4.1 +/- 1.2, 5.1 +/- 1.6, and 18.4
      +/- 2.4 mM/s for brain, heart, and skeletal muscle, respectively). The isozyme
      composition varied among the three tissues: greater than 99% BB for brain; 14%
      MB, 61% MM, and 25% mitochondrial for heart; and 98% MM and 2% mitochondrial for
      skeletal muscle. The NMR-determined reaction velocities agreed with predicted
      values from the creatine kinase rate equation (r2 = 0.98; p less than 0.001). The
      concentrations of free creatine and cytosolic MgADP, being less than or equal to
      the dissociation constants for each isozyme, were dominant terms in the creatine
      kinase rate equation for predicting the in vivo reaction velocity. Thus, we
      observed that the velocity of the creatine kinase reaction is regulated by total
      tissue enzyme activity and by the concentrations of creatine and MgADP in a
      manner that is independent of isozyme distribution.

PMID- 3689764
TI  - Stoichiometry of the sodium-calcium exchanger in nerve terminals.
AB  - The stoichiometry of the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger from synaptic plasma membranes was
      studied in both native and reconstituted preparations. In kinetic experiments
      performed with the native preparation, initial rates of Na+ gradient-dependent
      Ca2+ influx were compared to Ca2+-dependent Na+ efflux. These experiments showed
      that 4.82 Na+ ions are exchanged for each Ca2+ ion. A thermodynamic approach in
      which equilibrium measurements were made with the reconstituted preparation
      resulted in a similar (4.76) stoichiometry. The effects of membrane potential
      generated by valinomycin-induced K+ fluxes could be demonstrated in the
      reconstituted preparation. In addition, the direct contribution of the Na+-Ca2+
      exchanger to the membrane potential across the reconstituted vesicle membrane
      could be demonstrated by using the lipophilic cation tetraphenylphosphonium.

PMID- 3689765
TI  - A differential scanning calorimetric study of the thermotropic phase behavior of
      model membranes composed of phosphatidylcholines containing linear saturated
      fatty acyl chains.
AB  - The thermotropic phase behavior of a series of 1,2-diacylphosphatidylcholines
      containing linear saturated acyl chains of 10-22 carbons was studied by
      differential scanning calorimetry. When fully hydrated and thoroughly
      equilibrated by prolonged incubation at appropriate low temperatures, all of the
      compounds studied form an apparently stable subgel phase (the Lc phase). The
      formation of the stable Lc phase is a complex process which apparently proceeds
      via a number of metastable intermediates after being nucleated by incubation at
      appropriate low temperatures. The process of Lc phase formation is subject to
      considerable hysteresis, and our observations indicate that the kinetic
      limitations become more severe as the length of the acyl chain increases. The
      kinetics of Lc phase formation also depend upon whether the acyl chains contain
      an odd or an even number of carbon atoms. The Lc phase is unstable at higher
      temperatures and upon heating converts to the so-called liquid-crystalline state
      (the L alpha phase). The conversion from the stable Lc to the L alpha phase can
      be a direct, albeit a multistage process, as observed with very short chain
      phosphatidylcholines, or one or more stable gel states may exist between the Lc
      and L alpha states. For the longer chain compounds, conversions from one stable
      gel phase to another become separated on the temperature scale, so that discrete
      subtransition, pretransition, and gel/liquid-crystalline phase transition events
      are observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3689766
TI  - Lipid bilayer perturbations induced by simple hydrophobic peptides.
AB  - Mixtures of tripeptides of the form Ala-X-Ala-O-tert-butyl with 1,2-dimyristoyl
      sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) bilayers have been used as a model system for
      studying the influence of hydrophobic peptides on membrane order and dynamic
      properties by means of deuterium NMR spectroscopy. Tripeptides with X = Ala, Leu,
      Phe, and Trp have been examined. Lipid 2H NMR spectra of acyl chain
      perdeuteriated DMPC ([2H54]DMPC) show that the addition of peptide disorders the
      bilayer lipid acyl chains and that the extent of the perturbation increases as
      the size of the central residue increases. Moment analyses of the spectra
      indicate that, while the average acyl chain order parameter decreases with
      increasing central residue size, the order parameter spread across the bilayer
      (the mean-squared width of the distribution) increases. Lipid segmental 2H
      longitudinal relaxation rates, 1/T1(i), exhibit a square-law functional
      dependence on SCD(i) both with and without the addition of peptide. The addition
      of peptide causes an increase in the slope of plots of 1/T1(i) vs. (SCD(i))2 with
      little change in the 1/T1(i) intercept, indicating a complex modulation of the
      acyl chain motions. 2H NMR spectra of Ala-[2H4]Ala-Ala-O-tert-butyl in DMPC
      bilayers have both isotropic and powder pattern components that vary as a
      function of temperature. At 30 degrees C the 2H spin-lattice relaxation times for
      the labeled Ala residue increase in going from bilayer-incorporated peptide to
      polycrystalline peptide to polycrystalline Ala.HCl. These experiments provide no
      information on the location of these peptides in the bilayer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3689767
TI  - Liposomes as a model for olfactory cells: changes in membrane potential in
      response to various odorants.
AB  - Various odorants were found to depolarize azolectin liposomes. The results
      obtained are as follows. (1) Changes in the membrane potential of azolectin
      liposomes in response to various odorants were monitored by measuring changes in
      the fluorescence intensity of 3,3'-dipropylthiocarbocyanine iodide [disS-C3(5)].
      Ten odorants examined increased the fluorescence intensity of the liposome-dye
      suspensions in a dose-dependent manner, which indicates that odorants depolarize
      the liposomes. Concentrations of odorants that depolarized the liposomes greatly
      varied among the odorants. There existed a good correlation between the minimum
      concentrations of odorants to depolarize the liposomes and the thresholds of
      respective odorants in the frog or porcine olfactory responses. (2) Addition of
      sphingomyelin (SM) to azolectin led to a large enhancement of depolarizations by
      nonanol, citral, and n-amyl acetate. The results indicate that lipid composition
      of liposomes is one of the factors that control the sensitivity to odorants. (3)
      Odorants changed the membrane fluidity of the liposomes, which was monitored by
      changes in the fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH).
      The membrane fluidity was changed in concentration ranges of odorants similar to
      those where the membrane potential changes occurred, which suggests that changes
      in the membrane fluidity are related to generation of the membrane potential
      changes. (4) Changes in the membrane potential in response to odorants were
      electrically measured with the planar lipid bilayer made of an azolectin-SM (2:1
      w/w) mixture. It was shown that odorants (nonanol, citral, and n-amyl acetate)
      depolarized the planar lipid bilayer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3689768
TI  - Effects of changed lipid composition on responses of liposomes to various
      odorants: possible mechanism of odor discrimination.
AB  - In a previous paper [Nomura, T., & Kurihara, K. (1987) Biochemistry (preceding
      paper in this issue)], we showed that azolectin liposomes are depolarized by
      various odorants and there is a good correlation between the responses in the
      liposomes and the frog or porcine olfactory responses. In this study, we examined
      effects of changed lipid composition on responses of liposomes to various
      odorants. The membrane potential changes in response to odorants were monitored
      with the fluorescent dye 3,3'-dipropylthiocarbocyanine iodide [diS-C3(5)]. Egg
      phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposomes showed depolarizing responses to nine odorants
      among ten odorants tested. The magnitudes of depolarization by alcohols were
      similar to those in azolectin liposomes, but those by other odorants were much
      less than those in azolectin liposomes. Addition of sphingomyelin (SM) to PC led
      to an increase in the magnitude of depolarization by most odorants. Addition of
      phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to PC (PE/PC = 0.25) led to depolarizing responses
      to four odorants among six odorants tested, and a further increase in PE content
      (PE/PC = 0.54) led to depolarizing responses only to two odorants. Addition of SM
      to the lipids of this composition of PC and PE [SM/(PC + PE) = 0.22] led to
      depolarizing responses to four odorants again. Liposomes made of a mixture of SM,
      PE, and PC exhibited depolarizing responses to four odorants tested, and addition
      of cholesterol to the lipids [cholesterol/(PC + PE + SM) = 0.05 and 0.11] led to
      depolarizing responses only to two and one odorant, respectively. Thus, changes
      in lipid composition of liposomes led to great changes in specificity of the
      responses to odorants.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3689769
TI  - Regulation of human histone gene expression: transcriptional and
      posttranscriptional control in the coupling of histone messenger RNA stability
      with DNA replication.
AB  - The extent to which transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation
      contributes to the coupling of histone gene expression and DNA replication was
      examined during the cell cycle in synchronized HeLa S3 cells. Rates of
      transcription were determined in vitro in isolated nuclei. A 3-5-fold increase in
      cell cycle dependent histone gene transcription was observed in early S phase,
      prior to the peak of DNA synthesis. This result is consistent with a previous
      determination of histone mRNA synthesis in intact cells [Plumb, M., Stein, J., &
      Stein, G. (1983) Nucleic Acids Res. 11, 2391]. The transcription of these genes
      did not change appreciably after inhibition of DNA replication by hydroxyurea
      treatment, although Northern blot analysis indicated that cellular levels of
      histone mRNA decreased rapidly in the presence of the drug. Total cellular levels
      of histone mRNA closely parallel the rate of DNA synthesis as a function of cell
      cycle progression, reaching a maximal 20-fold increase as compared with non S
      phase levels. This DNA synthesis dependent accumulation of histone mRNA occurs
      predominantly in the cytoplasm and appears to be mediated primarily by control of
      histone mRNA stability. Changes in nuclear histone mRNA levels were less
      pronounced. These combined observations suggest that both transcriptional
      regulation and posttranscriptional regulation contribute toward control of the
      cell cycle dependent accumulation of histone mRNA during S phase, while the
      stability of histone mRNA throughout S phase and the selective turnover of
      histone mRNAs, either at the natural termination of S phase or following
      inhibition of DNA synthesis, are posttranscriptionally regulated.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3689770
TI  - Structure of the major carbohydrate fragment of the Leishmania donovani
      lipophosphoglycan.
AB  - The major carbohydrate fragment from the lipophosphoglycan of Leishmania donovani
      was generated by mild acid hydrolysis (0.02 N HCl, 5 min, 100 degrees C) and
      purified by chromatography on DE-52 cellulose and thin layer. By a combination of
      analyses including gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and 1H NMR, the
      structure of the fragment was elucidated as PO4----6Gal(beta 1----4)Man.
      Approximately 16 of these phosphorylated disaccharide units occur in the overall
      glycoconjugate structure. NMR analysis of an alkaline phosphatase treated
      phosphorylated tetrasaccharide generated from lipophosphoglycan showed that the
      phosphorylated disaccharide units are linked together via alpha-glycosidic
      linkages. Complete characterization of the phosphorylated disaccharide units of
      lipophosphoglycan provides the first example of a defined carbohydrate anchored
      in membranes by a derivative of phosphatidylinositol.

PMID- 3689771
TI  - Isolation of two glycolipid transfer proteins from bovine brain: reactivity
      toward gangliosides and neutral glycosphingolipids.
AB  - Two glycolipid transfer proteins that catalyze the transfer of gangliosides and
      neutral glycosphingolipids from phosphatidylcholine vesicles to erythrocyte
      ghosts have been isolated from calf brain. Purification procedures included
      differential centrifugation, precipitation at pH 5.1, ammonium sulfate
      precipitation, and gel filtration on Sephadex G-50 and G-75. The final stage
      employed fast protein liquid chromatography (Mono S), producing two peaks of
      activity. Apparent purity of the major peak (TP I) was approximately 85-90%, as
      judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate/urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. That of
      the minor fraction (TP II) was less. The major band of both fractions had a
      molecular mass of approximately 20,000 daltons. Both proteins catalyzed the
      transfer of ganglioside GM1 as well as asialo-GM1, but transfer protein I was
      more effective with di- and trisialogangliosides. Transfer protein II appeared to
      be somewhat more specific for neutral glycolipids in that GA1 was transferred
      more rapidly than any of the gangliosides; however, lactosylceramide transfer was
      relatively slow. Neither protein catalyzed transfer of phosphatidylcholine.

PMID- 3689772
TI  - Conformational sensitivity of beta-93 cysteine SH to ligation of hemoglobin
      observed by FT-IR spectroscopy.
AB  - The SH vibrational absorption of cysteine F9(beta-93) in concentrated aqueous
      solutions of native liganded hemoglobin (human HbA, horse, and bovine) has been
      observed by use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The pattern of beta
      93 SH absorption intensity is ligand dependent. In bovine hemoglobin derivatives
      the SH absorption intensity pattern is (carbonmonoxy)hemoglobin (HbCO) greater
      than oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) = cyanomethemoglobin (HbCN) much greater than
      aquomethemoglobin (metHb) and deoxyhemoglobin (deoxyHb). In horse and human
      hemoglobin derivatives the pattern is HbCO greater than or equal to HbO2 greater
      than HbCN greater than metHb. The bovine metHb beta-93 SH shows a much lower
      absorptivity than that of horse or human metHb, and thus it has a different local
      tertiary equilibrium conformation than does horse or human hemoglobin. X-ray
      diffraction studies have shown the beta-93 SH in carbon monoxide or oxygen bound
      hemoglobin to be situated within a nonpolar pocket between the F, G, and H
      helices. The higher than usual SH absorption frequency (2592 cm-1) that we
      observe implies there is no hydrogen bonding for this thiol group while situated
      within this nonpolar pocket. A similar beta-93 SH absorption has been observed in
      the beta-chain tetramer (thalassemic hemoglobin H in vivo). The beta-112 SH
      stretching band, previously observed in the alpha 2 beta 2 tetramer, was observed
      for the first time in the beta-chain tetramer. A band at 2610 cm-1 that is not
      due to SH was resolved and found to be ligand dependent.

PMID- 3689773
TI  - Immunologic analysis of human breast cancer progesterone receptors. 1.
      Immunoaffinity purification of transformed receptors and production of monoclonal
      antibodies.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody (MAb), designated PR-6, produced against chick oviduct
      progesterone receptors [Sullivan, W. P., Beito, T. G., Proper, J., Krco, C. J., &
      Toft, D. O. (1986) Endocrinology (Baltimore) 119, 1549-1557] cross-reacts with
      the Mr 120,000 human B receptors. An immunomatrix prepared with PR-6 was used to
      purify progesterone receptors (PR) from T47D human breast cancer cells. Single
      step immunoaffinity chromatography results in enrichment of B receptors
      (identified by immunoblot with PR-6 and by photoaffinity labeling with
      [3H]promegestone) to a specific activity of 1915 pmol/mg of protein (or 23%
      purity) and with 27% yield. Purity and yields as judged by gel electrophoresis
      and densitometric scanning of the B protein were approximately 1.7-fold higher
      due to partial loss in hormone binding activity at the elution step. A second
      purification step by diethylaminoethyl chromatography gives further enrichment to
      3720 pmol/mg of protein (or 44% purity) to yield essentially two proteins, 120
      kilodalton (kDa) B receptors and a 76-kDa non-steroid binding protein, each in
      approximately equivalent amounts. B receptors purified under these conditions are
      transformed and biologically active. They were maintained as undegraded 120-kDa
      doublets and retained both hormone and DNA binding activities. Isolated B
      receptors were free of the 90-kDa non-steroid binding protein observed to be
      associated with 8S untransformed receptors in other systems and were free also of
      the non-hormone binding 105-108-kDa B antigen described previously to copurify
      with chick PR. These purified B receptors were used as immunogen for production
      of four monoclonal antibodies against human PR. Three of the MAbs, designated as
      B-30 (IgG1), B-64 (IgG1), and B-11 (IgM), are specific for B receptors. The
      fourth MAb, A/B-52 (IgG1), reacts with both A and B receptors. The IgG MAbs are
      monospecific for human PR since they recognize and absorb native receptor-hormone
      complexes, displace the sedimentation of 4S receptors on salt containing sucrose
      gradients, and, by immunoblot assay of crude T47D cytosol, react only with
      receptor polypeptides. Although mice were injected with B receptors only,
      production of A/B-52 which recognized both A and B receptors provides evidence
      that these two proteins share regions of structural homology. These new MAbs are
      valuable reagents for further studies of human receptor structure and function
      and for clinical immunodetection of PR in breast tumors.

PMID- 3689774
TI  - Immunologic analysis of human breast cancer progesterone receptors. 2. Structure,
      phosphorylation, and processing.
AB  - We have used a monoclonal antibody (MAb) directed against chick oviduct
      progesterone receptors (PR), that cross-reacts with human PR, to analyze PR
      structure and phosphorylation. This MAb, designated PR-6, interacts only with B
      receptors (Mr 120,000) of T47D human breast cancer cells; it has no affinity for
      A receptors (Mr 94,000) or for proteolytic fragments from either protein. The
      antibody immunoprecipitates native B receptors and was used to study the
      structure of native untransformed 8S and transformed 4S receptors, using sucrose
      density gradient analysis, photoaffinity labeling, and gel electrophoresis. On
      molybdate-containing low-salt gradients, PR-6 complexes with 8S B receptors,
      causing their shift to the bottom of the gradient while A receptors remain at 8
      S. Therefore, A and B receptors form separate 8S complexes, and we conclude that
      A and B do not dimerize in the holoreceptor. Similar gradient studies using salt
      containing, molybdate-free buffers show that there are two forms of salt
      transformed 4S receptors, comprising either A proteins or B proteins, suggesting
      that A and B are also not linked to one another in transformed PR. The
      independence of A- and B-receptor complexes was confirmed by the finding that
      purified, transformed B receptors bind well to DNA-cellulose. Since PR-6 cross
      reacts with nuclear PR, it was used to analyze nuclear PR processing--a down
      regulation step associated with receptor loss as measured by hormone binding.
      Insoluble nuclear receptors and soluble cytosol receptors were measured by
      immunoblotting following treatment of T47D cells for 5 min to 48 h with either
      R5020 or progesterone. From 8 to 48 h after R5020 treatment, immunoassayable
      receptors decreased in nuclei and were not recovered in cytosols. Nuclear
      receptors also decreased after progesterone treatment but replenished in cytosols
      between 8 and 24 h after the start of treatment. Thus, processing involves a true
      loss of nuclear receptor protein, and not just loss of hormone binding activity,
      and occurs after progesterone or R5020 treatment. This loss is chronic, however,
      only in R5020-treated cells. Additional studies focused on the covalent
      modifications of receptors. We previously described shifts in apparent molecular
      weight of nuclear PR following R5020 treatment using in situ photoaffinity
      labeling. To show whether these shifts can be explained by receptor
      phosphorylation, untreated cells and hormone-treated cells were metabolically
      labeled with [32P]orthophosphate, and the B receptors were isolated by
      immunoprecipitation with PR-6 and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel
      electrophoresis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3689775
TI  - Distributions of fluorescence decay times for parinaric acids in phospholipid
      membranes.
AB  - Analysis of fluorescence decay data for probes incorporated into model or
      biological membranes invariably requires fitting to more than one decay time even
      though the same probe exhibits nearly single-exponential decay in solution. The
      parinaric acids (cis and trans) are examples of this. Data are presented for both
      parinaric acid isomers in dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine membranes collected to
      higher precision than normally encountered, and the fluorescence decays are shown
      to be best described by a smooth distribution of decay times rather than by a few
      discrete lifetimes. The temperature dependence of the fluorescence decay reveals
      a clear shift in the distribution to longer lifetimes associated with the
      membrane phase transition at 23.5 degrees C. The physical significance is that
      fluorescence lifetime measurements appear to reflect a physical process with a
      distribution of lifetimes rather than several distinct physical processes.

PMID- 3689776
TI  - Cadmium-thiolate clusters in metallothionein: spectrophotometric and
      spectropolarimetric features.
AB  - Cd-thiolate cluster formation in rabbit liver metallothionein 1 (MT) has been
      followed at pH 8.4 by monitoring spectroscopic features below 300 nm as a
      function of increasing Cd-to-apometallothionein (apoMT) ratio. The emerging
      absorption profiles form a family of closely similar spectra attributable to
      tetrahedral Cd-tetrathiolate coordination previously established for Cd7-MT
      [Vasak, M., Kagi, J.H.R., & Hill, H.A.O. (1981) Biochemistry, 20, 2852-2856].
      However, there is a 6-nm red shift of the unresolved lowest energy absorption
      band when greater than 3 equiv of Cd(II) is incorporated. This shift is
      paralleled by a changeover in the circular dichroism (CD) features of MT from a
      broad monophasic positive CD profile with ellipticity bands near 240 and 220 nm
      to a biphasic CD spectrum characterized by positive ellipticity bands at 260 and
      224 nm and an interposed negative band at 240 nm. Both features can be attributed
      to a changeover from separate Cd-tetrathiolate units formed at low metal-to-apoMT
      ratio to Cd-thiolate clusters when the supply of cysteine ligands becomes
      limiting. A comparable red shift signaling the transition from the mononuclear to
      a trinuclear tetrahedral Cd-tetrathiolate complex is also observed upon titration
      of the synthetic tetrathiol dodecapeptide N-Ac-Pro-Cys-Orn-Cys-Pro-Glu-Cys-Glu
      Cys-Arg-Arg-Val with Cd(II). The latter studies also provide evidence for the
      predominantly ligand (sulfur) character of the lowest energy Cd-tetrathiolate
      ligand-metal charge-transfer transition. As a corollary it is inferred that the
      biphasic CD profile arises from excitonic coupling of these sulfur-centered
      transition dipole moments dissymmetrically oriented within the Cd(II)-thiolate
      clusters.

PMID- 3689777
TI  - Calcium binding to mixed cardiolipin-phosphatidylcholine bilayers as studied by
      deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance.
AB  - Calcium binding to bilayer membranes containing cardiolipin (CDL) mixed with 1
      palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) was investigated by using
      phosphorus-31 and deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The
      destabilizing effect of Ca2+ on CDL bilayers, including the formation of
      hexagonal H11 and isotropic phases, was eliminated when CDL was mixed with
      sufficiently large proportion of POPC. Thus, for the mixture CDL-POPC (1:9 M/M),
      31P NMR spectra retained a line shape typical of fluid bilayer lipids even in the
      presence of 1.0 M Ca2+. Specifically head-group-deuteriated CDL or POPC showed in
      this mixture 2H NMR spectra indicating that both lipids remained in a fluidlike
      bilayer at Ca2+ concentrations up to 1.0 M. Any phase separation of Ca2-CDL
      clusters could be excluded. The residence time of Ca2+ at an individual head
      group binding site was shorter than 10(-6) s. The deuterium quadrupole splitting,
      delta nu Q, of POPC deuteriated at the alpha-methylene segment of the choline
      head group was found to be linearly related to the number of bound calcium ions,
      X2, for the CDL-POPC (1:9 M/M) mixture. The effective surface charge density,
      sigma, could be determined from the measured amount of bound Ca2+. Subsequently,
      the surface potential, psi 0, and the concentration of free Ca2+ ions at the
      plane of ion binding were calculated by employing the Gouy-Chapman theory.
      Various possible models of the equilibrium binding of Ca2+ could then be
      tested.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3689778
TI  - Mitochondrial membrane potential estimated with the correction of probe binding.
AB  - Lipophilic ions are widely used as the probe for estimation of the membrane
      potential. It is suggested that the correction of the probe binding to the
      membrane and/or intracellular constituents is a problem to be solved in order to
      evaluate the membrane potential accurately. Previously, we proposed a method for
      the correction of the probe binding (Demura, M., Kamo, N. and Kobatake, Y. (1985)
      Biochim. Biophys. Acta 820, 207-215). In this paper, the method was applied to
      the determination of the membrane potential of intact mitochondria. The probes
      used constitute a homologous series of (Phe)3-P+-(CH2)n-CH3 (n = 0-4) and
      tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP+). Binding of these probes to de-energized
      mitochondria followed the Langmuir isotherm. However, values of parameters
      determined at high (50-800 microM) and low (under 20 microM) probe concentrations
      were different, suggesting the existence at least two, high- and low-affinity,
      binding sites. With extrapolation to the 'state of no binding', the membrane
      potential of intact mitochondria was estimated to be -147 mV (interior-negative)
      when they were energized by 5 mM succinate in medium consisting of 125 mM KCl, 10
      mM MgCl2, 5 mM phosphate, 0.4 mM EDTA and 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5) at 25 degrees
      C. Parameters appearing in the equation for the correction of probe binding were
      determined with the use of this value of the membrane potential. The validity of
      the equation and the value of the parameters were revealed by the fact that after
      the correction, all probes used gave approximately the same value under the same
      conditions. We expanded the method so as to include the langmuir adsorption
      isotherm. When the modified equation is used, the estimated membrane potentials
      were less dependent on a probe concentration less than 10 microM.

PMID- 3689779
TI  - The effect of ethylenediamine chemical modification of plastocyanin on the rate
      of cytochrome f oxidation and P-700+ reduction.
AB  - Chemical modification of plastocyanin was carried out using ethylenediamine plus
      a water-soluble carbodiimide, which has the effect of replacing a negatively
      charged carboxylate group with a positively charged amino group at pH 6-8. The
      conditions were adjusted to produce a series of singly and doubly modified forms
      of plastocyanin. Differences in charge configuration allowed separation of these
      forms on a Pharmacia fast protein liquid chromatograph using a Mono Q anion
      exchange column. These forms were used to study the interaction of plastocyanin
      with its reaction partner cytochrome f. The rate of cytochrome f oxidation was
      progressively inhibited upon incorporation of increasing numbers of
      ethylenediamine moieties indicating a positively charged binding site on
      cytochrome f. However, differential inhibition was obtained for the various
      singly modified forms allowing mapping of the binding site on plastocyanin. The
      greatest inhibition was found for forms modified at negatively charged residues
      Nos. 42-45 and Nos. 59-61 which comprise a negative patch surrounding Tyr-83. In
      contrast, the form modified at residue No. 68, on the opposite side of the
      globular plastocyanin molecule, showed the least inhibition. It can be concluded
      that the binding site for cytochrome f is located in the vicinity of residues
      Nos. 42-45 and Nos. 59-61. Modification of plastocyanin at residues Nos. 42-45
      showed no effect on the rate of P-700+ reduction, suggesting that these residues
      are not involved in the binding of Photosystem I. However, an increase in the
      rate of P-700+ reduction was observed for plastocyanins modified at residue No.
      68 or Nos. 59-61, which is consistent with the idea that the reaction domain of
      Photosystem I is negatively charged and Photosystem I binds at the top of the
      molecule and accepts electrons via His-87 in plastocyanin. These results raise
      the possibility that plastocyanin can bind both cytochrome f and Photosystem I
      simultaneously. The effect of ethylenediamine modification on the formal
      potential of plastocyanin was also examined. The formal potential of control
      plastocyanin was found to be +372 +/- 5 mV vs. normal hydrogen electrode at pH 7.
      All modified forms showed a positive shift in formal potential. Singly modified
      forms showed increases in formal potentials between +8 and +18 mV with the
      largest increases being observed for plastocyanins modified at residues Nos. 42
      45 or Nos. 59-61.

PMID- 3689780
TI  - Freeze-fracture study of heart mitochondria in the condensed or orthodox state.
AB  - Rat heart mitochondria were isolated and forced in a well-defined metabolic
      state. After freeze-fracturing, the intramembrane particle dimension and density
      on both fracture faces of the inner mitochondrial membrane were measured. No
      significant differences could be calculated between the diameter of the membrane
      particles in the five different states. However, the particle density on the
      fracture faces of the inner mitochondrial membrane in the condensed configuration
      is significantly smaller than in the orthodox configuration on the 99.5% level of
      confidence. These results are compared with the literature, where conflicting
      data have been published about these particle densities.

PMID- 3689781
TI  - p-Chloromercuribenzoate-induced dissociation of cytoskeletal proteins in red
      blood cells of rats.
AB  - Effects of p-chloromercuribenzoate (PCMB) on the cytoskeletal organization of rat
      red blood cells were studied. Upon incubation with 50 microM PCMB in 10 mM Tris
      HCl (pH 7.4) at 37 degrees C for 30 min, 80% of actin and 45% of spectrin were
      released from the ghosts, resulting in the fragmentation of ghost membranes.
      Addition of 2 mM Mg2+ or 0.1 M KCl, or lowering incubation temperature to 0
      degree C substantially inhibited the solubilization of the cytoskeletal proteins
      and the fragmentation of ghost membranes, which enable to examine the effects of
      PCMB on the interaction between transmembrane proteins and the peripheral
      cytoskeletal network. Decreased recoveries of transmembrane proteins, such as
      band 3 and glycophorin, in Triton shell fraction were observed in the ghosts
      incubated with PCMB either in the presence of Mg2+ or at 0 degree C. PCMB also
      inhibited the in vitro association of purified spectrin with spectrin-depleted
      inside-out vesicles through interaction with proteins in the vesicle, such as
      bands 2.1 and 3. In the PCMB-treated ghosts, intramembrane particles were highly
      aggregated, which further supports the PCMB-induced dissociation of the
      transmembrane proteins from the cytoskeletal network. The decreased recovery of
      glycophorin in the Triton shell fraction also observed in intact red blood cells
      upon incubation with PCMB. These results suggest that the main action of PCMB on
      red cell membranes under physiological condition, at higher ionic strength and in
      the presence of Mg2+, is to dissociate transmembrane proteins from the peripheral
      cytoskeletal network, which may modify functions of these proteins.

PMID- 3689782
TI  - Investigation of the structure and function of the human erythrocyte glucose
      transporter by proteolytic dissection.
AB  - Tryptic and papain digestion have been employed to investigate the structure and
      function of the human erythrocyte glucose transporter. Trypsin cleaves the native
      protein into two large, membrane-embedded fragments and a number of small
      peptides that are released from the membrane. These fragments have been isolated
      and located within the transporter sequence by fast atom bombardment mass
      spectrometry and amino acid analysis. The results indicate that the segments of
      the sequence comprising residues 213-269 and 457-492 are cleaved from the
      cytoplasmic surface of the membrane by trypsin treatment. These findings are
      compatible with a model previously proposed for the arrangement of the
      polypeptide in the membrane (Mueckler, M., et al. (1985) Science 229, 941-945).
      Despite the loss of these 93 residues, the portion of the protein remaining
      embedded in the membrane is still able to bind cytochalasin B. This binding is
      inhibited by D-glucose, indicating that the membrane-embedded fragments retain
      the substrate-binding site. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis of
      the protein before and after proteolytic digestion shows that the intramembranous
      part of the protein is largely alpha-helical, although some beta-sheet structure
      appears also to be present. The spectroscopic findings also indicate that the
      extramembranous, cytoplasmic domain of the transporter, which is removed by
      trypsin, contains alpha-helical structure.

PMID- 3689783
TI  - Determination of reflection coefficients of liposomes for some non-electrolytes
      by osmotic pressure measurement.
AB  - The reflection coefficients of bilayer lipid vesicles (liposomes) of various
      compositions have been determined for a number of non-electrolytes. The solutes
      were the same and the method of measurement was essentially the same as those
      which have been used to estimate an equivalent pore radius for erythrocytes. The
      method involves matching the osmotic pressure of solutions of a permeant test
      solute with that of a known inpermeant solute. Reflection coefficients for
      cholesterol-containing liposomes and those of erythrocytes are, when account is
      taken of those solutes known to permeate the erythrocyte by specialized pathways,
      not greatly different. Lipid bilayers can thus account for most of the
      permeability characteristics of the cell originally interpreted as due to aqueous
      pores. Reflection coefficients are significantly higher for egg
      phosphatidylcholine membranes that contain cholesterol than those which do not.
      There is a strong correlation between relative permeabilities derived from
      reflection coefficients and oil-water partition coefficients. There is also good
      agreement between these permeabilities and permeabilities measured by others,
      which exhibit an inverse dependence on molecular size. It is suggested that this
      tendency of membranes to pass small molecules more readily than large molecules,
      other properties being equal, is a consequence of the surface pressure of the
      constituent monolayers of the membrane.

PMID- 3689784
TI  - Phospholipid/cholesterol membranes containing n-alkanols: a 2H-NMR study.
AB  - The influences of 1-octanol and 1-decanol on aqueous multilamellar dispersions of
      1-hexadecanoyl(octadecanoyl)-2-[2H31]hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero -3-phosphorylcholine
      (PC-d31)/cholesterol (3:1) have been examined using 2H-NMR. The gel to liquid
      crystalline phase transition of the PC-d31/cholesterol dispersion is modulated by
      the addition of 1-alkanol, which reduces the onset temperature and increases the
      width of the transition. 1-Octanol has a greater effect on the transition onset
      and completion temperatures than does 1-decanol, as determined from analysis of
      the temperature-dependent 2H-NMR spectra. 2H-NMR C-2H bond order parameters as a
      function of phospholipid acyl chain position at 60 degrees C, where all
      dispersions are fully liquid crystalline, have been calculated from the depaked
      spectra. 1-Decanol reduces the phospholipid order by only 2%. This can be
      attributed to the lower effective cholesterol concentration in the 1-alkanol/PC
      d31/cholesterol dispersions. 1-Octanol, however, reduces the phospholipid order
      by 10% at 60 degrees C. Correlations between the effects of 1-octanol and 1
      decanol on phospholipid order parameters and phospholipid/cholesterol phase
      transitions are discussed.

PMID- 3689785
TI  - Diacylglycerol breakdown in plasma membranes of bovine chromaffin cells is a two
      step mechanism mediated by a diacylglycerol lipase and a monoacylglycerol lipase.
AB  - The recently identified diacylglycerol lipase activity in membranes of chromaffin
      cells from bovine adrenal medulla [24] is now shown to consist of two enzymes
      working in series. First the predominantly saturated fatty acid in the sn-1
      position is split by a diacylglycerol lipase (glycerol ester hydrolase, EC
      3.1.1.34). Subsequently the resulting sn-2-monoacylglycerol is split by a
      monoacylglycerol lipase (glycerol-monoester acylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.23) which
      prefers sn-2-arachidonoyl-monoacylglycerol to sn-2-palmitoyl-monoacylglycerol. At
      pH 4.0 only the diacylglycerol lipase is active, whereas the monoacylglycerol
      lipase is irreversibly inactivated. At pH 6.0 both enzymes are active.
      Pretreatment of the membranes at pH 10 leads to the selective inactivation of the
      diacylglycerol lipase. Both enzymes are Ca2+- and calmodulin-independent and both
      are partially inhibited by p-bromophenacyl bromide, however, only at relatively
      high concentrations of the inhibitor. Chlorpromazine inhibits the diacylglycerol
      lipase to about the same extent as p-bromophenacyl bromide but the
      monoacylglycerol lipase is less sensitive. The specific diacylglycerol lipase
      inhibitor RHC 80267 (1,6-di(O-(carbamoyl)cyclohexanone oxime)hexane) only
      interacts with the first step, i.e. the diacylglycerol lipase.

PMID- 3689786
TI  - Treatment of the enhanced intestinal uptake of glucose in diabetic rats with a
      polyunsaturated fatty acid diet.
AB  - Intestinal absorption of most nutrients is enhanced in diabetic rats. We wished
      to test the hypothesis that manipulation of dietary fatty acids will modify
      enhanced uptake of glucose in rats with established streptozotocin-diabetes. Chow
      fed control rats or animals with one week of streptozotocin-diabetes were
      continued on chow or were fed ad libitum for three weeks with semisynthetic
      isocaloric diets containing a high content of either essential polyunsaturated or
      non-essential saturated fatty acids. The jejunal and ileal in vitro uptake of
      varying concentrations of glucose was much higher in diabetic than control rats
      fed chow or the saturated fatty acid diet. In contrast, the enhanced uptake of
      this sugar was reduced or normalized in diabetic rats fed the polyunsaturated
      fatty acid diet. Feeding the polyunsaturated fatty acid diet was associated with
      increased brush-border membrane activity of alkaline phosphatase in diabetic
      jejunum and ileum, but neither the saturated fatty acid diet nor the
      polyunsaturated fatty acid diet altered brush-border membrane cholesterol or
      phospholipids in control or in diabetic rats. Mucosal surface area was similar in
      diabetic rats fed the saturated fatty acid diet or the polyunsaturated fatty acid
      diet. Thus, (1) feeding the polyunsaturated fatty acid diet diminishes the
      enhanced jejunal and ileal uptake of glucose in diabetic rats, and (2) the
      influence of the polyunsaturated fatty acid diet on uptake in diabetic rats was
      not explained by alterations in intestinal morphology or brush-border membrane
      content of cholesterol or phospholipids. This study suggests that manipulation of
      dietary lipids may play a role in the normalization of the enhanced intestinal
      glucose uptake in rats with established diabetes.

PMID- 3689787
TI  - Comparison of the membrane-bound hydrogenases from Alcaligenes eutrophus H16 and
      Alcaligenes eutrophus type strain.
AB  - Whereas the membrane-bound hydrogenase from Alcaligenes eutrophus H16 is an
      integral membrane protein and can only be solubilized by detergent treatment, the
      membrane-bound hydrogenase of Alcaligenes eutrophus type strain was found to be
      present in a soluble form after cell disruption. For the enzyme of A. eutrophus
      H16 a new, highly effective purification procedure was developed including phase
      separation with Triton X-114 and triazine dye chromatography on Procion Blue H
      ERD-Sepharose. The purification led to an homogeneous hydrogenase preparation
      with a specific activity of 269 U/mg protein (methylene blue reduction) and a
      yield of 45%. During purification and storage the enzyme was optimally stabilized
      by the presence of 0.2 mM MnCl2. The hydrogenase of A. eutrophus type strain was
      purified from the soluble extract by a similar procedure, however, with less
      specific activity and activity yield. Comparison of the two purified enzymes
      revealed no significant differences: They have the same molecular weight, both
      consist of two different subunits (Mr = 62,000, 31,000) and both have an
      isoelectric point near pH 7.0. They have the same electron acceptor specificity
      reacting with similar high rates and similar Km values. The acceptors reduced
      include viologen dyes, flavins, quinones, cytochrome c, methylene blue, 2,6
      dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate and ferricyanide. Ubiquinones
      and NAD were not reduced. The two hydrogenases were shown to be immunologically
      identical and both have identical electrophoretic mobility. For the membrane
      bound hydrogenase of A. eutrophus H16 it was demonstrated that this type of
      hydrogenase in its solubilized, purified state is able to catalyze also the
      reverse reaction, the H2 evolution from reduced methyl viologen.

PMID- 3689788
TI  - Tris buffer causes acyl chain interdigitation in phosphatidylglycerol.
AB  - The structure of the gel phase and the properties of the acyl chain disordering
      transition of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol (DPPG) have been studied using
      differential scanning calorimetry, differential scanning dilatometry, and X-ray
      diffraction. In the presence of small, monovalent cations, DPPG at 22 degrees C
      exists in a lamellar phase in which the hydrocarbon chains are tilted from the
      perpendicular to the bilayer surface. Around 34 degrees C, there is a small
      pretransition (delta H less than 1 kcal/mol) followed by the main transition at
      40.4 degrees C (delta H = 8.3 kcal/mol; delta V = 0.0381 ml/g). If DPPG is
      suspended in Tris-HCl buffer in the absence of other monovalent cations, X-ray
      diffraction data show that at 22 degrees C, the gel phase consists of
      interdigitated acyl chains perpendicular to the plane of the bilayer. No
      pretransition is observed and the main transition occurs at 41.3 degrees C with
      delta H = 9.1 kcal/mol and delta V = 0.0514 ml/g. If sufficient Na+ or K+ ions
      are added to the Tris-buffered DPPG, the phase behavior reverts to what is
      observed in the absence of Tris. Analysis of the energetics of the main
      transition shows that the increase in van der Waals interaction energy resulting
      from the larger delta V in Tris can be compensated by the favorable energetics of
      removing terminal methyl groups from the bilayer surface. The amount of
      disordering, i.e. formation of gauche rotamers, is likely to be the same in Tris
      as it is in buffers without amphiphilic cations.

PMID- 3689789
TI  - Electro-rotation of mouse oocytes: single-cell measurements of zona-intact and
      zona-free cells and of the isolated zona pellucida.
AB  - Passive electrical properties of oocytes and of zonae pellucidae, and the
      mechanical coupling between them, can be elucidated by means of rotating-field
      induced rotation. In low-conductivity media (25-100 microS/cm) rotation of mouse
      oocytes (with or without their zonae) requires fields in the 1-100 kHz frequency
      range. However, an isolated zona shows weak rotation in the opposite direction to
      that of a cell, and in response to much higher field frequencies (approx. 1 MHz).
      In zona-intact mouse oocytes, the rotation of cell and zona are not rigidly
      coupled: thus rotation of the cell can still be induced when the zona is held
      stationary. However, rotation of freely suspended zona-intact cells is much
      slower than that of zona-free cells and requires an optimum field frequency that
      is approximately 1.5 kHz higher. These observations show that the electrical
      properties of the oocyte that are measured by rotation are altered by the
      presence of the zona pellucida, even though no such influence has been detected
      using micro-electrodes. The data are consistent with the zona acting as a porous
      shell with a conductivity of 40 microS/cm (preliminary estimate made at a single
      medium conductivity of 26 microS/cm). Measurements on cells from which the zonae
      had been removed gave values for the membrane capacity and resistivity of 1.2-1.3
      microF/cm2 and 400 omega.cm2, respectively. These values may reflect the presence
      of plasmalemma microvilli. The results strongly suggest that the technique may be
      useful for studies of cell maturation and for in vitro fertilization, because the
      cells may be further cultured after measurement.

PMID- 3689790
TI  - Cl(-)-HCO3- exchange in rat renal basolateral membrane vesicles.
AB  - Pathways for HCO3- transport across the basolateral membrane were investigated
      using membrane vesicles isolated from rat renal cortex. The presence of Cl(-)
      HCO3- exchange was assessed directly by 36Cl- tracer flux measurements and
      indirectly by determinations of acridine orange absorbance changes. Under 10%
      CO2/90% N2 the imposition of an outwardly directed HCO3- concentration gradient
      (pHo 6/pHi 7.5) stimulated Cl- uptake compared to Cl- uptake under 100% N2 in the
      presence of a pH gradient alone. Mediated exchange of Cl- for HCO3- was suggested
      by the HCO3- gradient-induced concentrative accumulation of intravesicular Cl-.
      Maneuvers designed to offset the development of ion-gradient-induced diffusion
      potentials had no significant effect on the magnitude of HCO3- gradient-driven Cl
      uptake further suggesting chemical as opposed to electrical Cl(-)-HCO3- exchange
      coupling. Although basolateral membrane vesicle Cl- uptake was observed to be
      voltage sensitive, the DIDS insensitivity of the Cl- conductive pathway served to
      distinguish this mode of Cl- translocation from HCO3- gradient-driven Cl- uptake.
      No evidence for K+/Cl- cotransport was obtained. As determined by acridine orange
      absorbance measurements in the presence of an imposed pH gradient (pHo 7.5/pHi
      6), a HCO3- dependent increase in the rate of intravesicular alkalinization was
      observed in response to an outwardly directed Cl- concentration gradient. The
      basolateral membrane vesicle origin of the observed Cl(-)-HCO3- exchange activity
      was verified by experiments performed with purified brush-border membrane
      vesicles. In contrast to our previous observations of the effect of Cl- on HCO3-
      gradient-driven Na+ uptake suggesting a basolateral membrane Na+-HCO3- for Cl-
      exchange mechanism, no effect of Na+ on Cl-HCO3- exchange was observed in the
      present study.

PMID- 3689791
TI  - Kinetics of melittin-induced fusion of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine small
      unilamellar vesicles.
AB  - We have studied the kinetics of fusion of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine small
      unilamellar vesicles at 51 degrees C which is induced by bee venom melittin at a
      protein-to-lipid molar ratio of 1/60. This was done by following with a stopped
      flow fluorometer the reduction in the ratio of the excimer to monomer
      fluorescence intensities of 1-palmitoyl-2-(10-pyrenyldecanoyl)-sn-glycero-3
      phosphorylcholine that accompanies fusion. At a low melittin concentration and
      low ionic strength, for which case the protein is monomeric, the value of the
      rate constant for fusion is 0.006 s-1. This is much smaller than that of 0.06 s-1
      obtained for a high melittin concentration at low ionic strength, i.e. for the
      protein in the tetrameric form which is not induced by a high salt concentration.
      The value of the rate constant for fusion for a low melittin concentration in the
      presence of 2 M NaCl, i.e. for the protein in the tetrameric form which is
      induced by a high salt concentration, is 0.12 s-1. This is twice as large as that
      for fusion induced by the tetramer in a low ionic strength solution. These
      findings show that the state of aggregation of the protein in solution and, to a
      lesser extent, electrostatic interactions play an important role in the kinetics
      of melittin-induced fusion of vesicles.

PMID- 3689793
TI  - Purification and characterization of acetyl esterase from bull testes.
AB  - Acetyl esterase (acetic-ester acetylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.6) from bull testes was
      purified 325-fold by ammonium sulphate precipitation, chromatography on DEAE
      cellulose, hydroxyapatite and finally, gel filtration on a Sephadex G-200 column.
      The purified enzyme appeared as a single protein band on native polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis and in isoelectric focusing (pI 5.25). In both methods, the
      activity coincided with the protein band. A single protein band corresponding to
      Mr 70,000 was obtained by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The reported
      amino-acid composition indicates that the enzyme contains three half-cystine
      residues, of which only one could be detected, by titration, as a free -SH group.
      No free amino terminal was detected by dansylation.

PMID- 3689792
TI  - Formycin triphosphate-terbium complex: a novel spectroscopic probe for phosphoryl
      transfer enzymes.
AB  - The conditions under which the fluorescent pyrazolopyrimidine nucleotide formycin
      A triphosphate (7-amino-3-(beta-D-(5'-
      tripolyphosphate)ribofuranosyl)pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine, FTP) forms a 1:1
      complex in solution with Tb3+ have been characterized. The complex has a
      dissociation constant of approx. 10(-7) M. Within the complex, the luminescence
      of Tb3+ is dramatically sensitized by energy transfer from formycin. The value
      for 50% transfer efficiency, Forster's R0 (Forster, T. (1964) in Modern Quantum
      Chemistry (Sinanoglu, O., ed.), pp. 93-137, Academic Press, New York) was
      determined to be 3.34 +/- 0.4 A, and the effective distance between the donor and
      acceptor transition dipoles, R, in the complex was estimated to be 6.6 +/- 1.0 A.
      The quantum yield of Tb3+ in the complex is sensitive to the number of O-H
      oscillators bound to the Tb3+, which allows determination of the number of waters
      bound to it (approx. 4). Preliminary results show that the complex binds to the
      phosphoryl transfer enzyme hexokinase in the presence of the glucose analogs N
      acetylglucosamine, frucose and xylose, which are not phosphorylated by the
      enzyme. The binding occurs with a loss of energy efficiency consistent with a new
      distance from the effective transition dipole of formycin to that of terbium of
      approx. 9.6 A. The FTP-terbium complex can be used as both a spectroscopic and an
      X-ray diffraction probe. Studies with this compound should be most valuable for
      correlating solution and crystallographic data.

PMID- 3689794
TI  - Anthraflavic acid is a potent and specific inhibitor of cytochrome P-448
      activity.
AB  - Consideration of the computer-optimised dimensions of anthraflavic acid indicates
      that it is essentially a planar molecule with a large area/depth ratio, that
      would preferentially interact with the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-induced
      family of cytochrome P-450 proteins (cytochromes P-448). Anthraflavic acid was a
      potent inhibitor of the O-deethylations of ethoxycoumarin and ethoxyresorufin,
      both catalysed primarily by cytochromes P-448, in Arochlor-1254-induced hepatic
      microsomes. Similarly anthraflavic acid markedly inhibited the mutagenicity of 2
      amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole (Glu-P-I) in the Ames test. In
      contrast, it has no effect on the dealkylation of pentoxyresorufin, a reaction
      catalysed primarily by the phenobarbital-induced cytochromes P-450, and NADPH
      dependent reduction of cytochrome c. It is concluded that anthraflavic acid is a
      potent and specific inhibitor of cytochrome P-448 activity.

PMID- 3689795
TI  - Does the fluorescence quencher acrylamide bind to proteins?
AB  - We have studied the protein concentration dependence of the acrylamide quenching
      of the fluorescence of the proteins, human serum albumin and monellin, and we
      have found no such dependence for the concentration range of 0.5-20 mg/ml. These
      quenching studies were performed by fluorescence lifetime measurements using
      phase/modulation fluorometry. We have also performed equilibrium dialysis
      studies, which show no large degree of association of acrylamide with serum
      albumin, and we have found that acrylamide has only a small effect on the
      activity of selected enzymes. These various studies do not indicate the existence
      of strong acrylamide-protein interactions and are in discord with a recent report
      by Blatt et al. in this journal (Blatt, E., Husain, A. and Sawyer, W.H. (1986)
      Biochim. Biophys. Acta 871, 6-13).

PMID- 3689796
TI  - Binding stoichiometry of tRNATrp and tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase from bovine
      pancreas under pH conditions of maximum activity. Analysis by
      ultracentrifugation, fluorescence quenching and chemical modification.
AB  - The binding stoichiometry of tRNATrp and tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (EC
      6.1.1.2) from beef is examined by three approaches, under pH conditions of
      maximum activity (pH 8.0). (1) Analytical ultracentrifugation evidences the
      binding of a single mol of tRNATrp in a 2.5-10 microM concentration range. (2)
      tRNATrp quenches the fluorescence of the enzyme. The dependence of this
      fluorescence quenching on the tRNATrp concentration (0.1-4 microM) reflects also
      the binding of 1 mol of tRNA per mol of enzyme, with a Kd value of 0.19 +/- 0.02
      microM. (3) tRNATrp protects the enzyme against derivatization by oxidized ATP.
      Out of the two fast-reacting lysine residues of the native enzyme, only one is
      prevented from reacting by tRNATrp in the 0.5-110 microM concentration range.
      This protection can be significantly analyzed only by assuming a one-to-one
      complex between the enzyme and tRNA. These results, obtained at pH 8.0 and 25
      degrees C, are in contrast with the stoichiometry of 2 mol of tRNA to 1 mol of
      enzyme, previously observed at pH 6.0 and 4 degrees C.

PMID- 3689797
TI  - The effect of caldesmon on actin-myosin interaction in skeletal muscle fibers.
AB  - The effects of caldesmon on structural and dynamic properties of phalloidin
      rhodamine-labeled F-actin in single skeletal muscle fibers were investigated by
      polarized microphotometry. The binding of caldesmon to F-actin in glycerinated
      fibers reduced the alterations of thin filaments structure and dynamics that
      occur upon the transition of the fibers from rigor to relaxing conditions. In
      fibers devoid of myosin and regulatory proteins (ghost fibers) the binding of
      caldesmon to F-actin precluded structural changes in actin filaments induced by
      skeletal muscle myosin subfragment 1 and smooth muscle tropomyosin. These results
      suggest that the restraint for the alteration of actin structure and dynamics
      upon binding of myosin heads and/or tropomyosin evoked by caldesmon can be
      related to its inhibitory effect on actin-myosin interaction.

PMID- 3689798
TI  - Determination of L-lactate binding stoichiometry and differences in allosteric
      interactions of structurally distinct homohexamers from Panulirus interruptus
      hemocyanin.
AB  - The role of structurally distinct subunits from the hemocyanin of Panulirus
      interruptus was investigated by the analysis of the oxygen-binding properties of
      reassembled homohexamers. Homohexamers reassembled from subunits a and b
      exhibited cooperative oxygen binding, whereas subunit c did not. The oxygen
      affinity of homohexamers from subunits b and c was specifically increased by the
      addition of L-lactate, whereas that of subunit a was not. Both native hexamers
      and the homohexamers from subunit b have approximately one oxygen-linked lactate
      binding site per hexamer.

PMID- 3689799
TI  - Structural and functional characterization of a prothrombin activator from the
      venom of Bothrops neuwiedi.
AB  - A prothrombin activator from the venom of Bothrops neuwiedi was purified by gel
      filtration on Sephadex G-100, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel and
      affinity chromatography on a Zn2+-chelate column. The overall purification was
      about 200-fold, which indicates that the prothrombin activator comprises about
      0.5% of the crude venom. The venom activator is a single-chain protein with an
      apparent molecular weight of 60 kDa. It readily activated bovine prothrombin with
      a Km of 38 microM and a Vmax of 120 mumol prothrombin activated per min per mg of
      venom activator. Venom-catalyzed prothrombin activation was not accelerated by
      the so-called accessory components of the prothrombinase complex, phospholipids
      plus Ca2+ and Factor Va. Gel-electrophoretic analysis of prothrombin activation
      indicated that the venom activator only cleaved the Arg-323-Ile-324 bond of
      bovine prothrombin, since meizothrombin was the only product of prothrombin
      activation. The activator did not hydrolyze commercially available p-nitroanilide
      substrates and its prothrombin-converting activity was not inhibited by
      benzamidine, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, dansyl-Glu-Gly-Arg-chloromethyl
      ketone and soy-bean trypsin inhibitor. However, chelating agents such as EDTA,
      EGTA and o-phenanthroline rapidly destroyed the enzymatic activity of the venom
      activator. The activity of chelator-treated venom activator could be partially
      restored by the addition of an excess CaCl2. These results indicate that the
      venom activator remarkably differs from Factor Xa and that the enzyme is not a
      serine proteinase, but likely belongs to the metalloproteinases. The structural
      and functional properties of the venom prothrombin activator from B. neuwiedi are
      similar to those reported for the venom activator from Echis carinatus.

PMID- 3689800
TI  - Structural characterization of two genetic variants of human serum albumin.
AB  - In the present paper we report the structural characterization of two genetic
      mutants of human serum albumin: albumin Vanves, a very rare, electrophoretically
      fast variant of French origin, and albumin Verona, a slow-migrating variant which
      is the most frequently observed in Italy and which possesses the same
      electrophoretic mobility as albumin B. Both variants were isolated from the sera
      of healthy heterozygous subjects. Analysis of CNBr fragments by isoelectric
      focusing allowed us to localize the mutation to the COOH-terminal region of the
      molecule (residues 549-585) in both cases. The modified fragments were then
      isolated on a preparative scale by HPLC and subjected to tryptic digestion.
      Sequential analysis of the abnormal tryptic peptide, purified by HPLC,
      established the mutation responsible for albumin Vanves as 574 Lys----Asn and the
      molecular defect of albumin Verona as 570 Glu----Lys, both probably due to point
      mutations in the structural genes. The amino-acid substitutions found in albumins
      Verona and Vanves are consistent with the electrophoretic mobilities observed for
      the native proteins at pH 8.6.

PMID- 3689801
TI  - Inhibition of staphylococcal alpha-toxin by covalent modification of an arginine
      residue.
AB  - The effects of 1,2-cyclohexanedione and phenylglyoxal on staphylococcal alpha
      toxin were studied. Modification of one arginine residue in alpha-toxin was
      sufficient to render the toxin nonhemolytic with no conformational change.
      Modified alpha-toxin did not protect cells from hemolysis by native alpha-toxin.
      An arginine residue is therefore at or near the binding site of alpha-toxin.
      Trypsin digestion of modified alpha-toxin generated a 20 kDa fragment which was
      isolated using a boric acid gel column. Upon regeneration, this 20 kDa fragment
      was not recognized by a population of antibodies which prevented alpha-toxin
      binding. The fragment was recognized by antibodies directed against post-binding
      events. However, the antibinding antibodies recognized the intact modified toxin.
      This leads us to conclude that antibinding determinants are not found directly in
      the binding site or are conformationally masked.

PMID- 3689802
TI  - The binding of N-trifluoroacetyl chito-oligosaccharides to wheat-germ agglutinin:
      a fluorescence investigation.
AB  - We describe the synthesis of N-trifluoroacetyl chito-oligosaccharides and their
      use as ligands to probe the binding sites of wheat-germ agglutinin, a lectin
      specific for N-acetylglucosamine. The binding is monitored using intrinsic
      protein fluorescence, which is due to tryptophan side-chains. We present
      arguments purporting to show the presence of a fluorophore close to each of the
      four sites. The binding of chito-oligosaccharides to wheat-germ agglutinin is
      complex and can only be approximately described by an independent and equivalent
      sites model. This model applies when the ligand concentration range is restricted
      to higher values. The possible role of ligand-mediated protein aggregation and of
      site inequivalence is discussed. We find that the affinity of trifluoroacetylated
      chito-oligosaccharides for wheat-germ agglutinin is higher than that of the N
      acetylated parent compounds, the difference increasing with chain length. Our
      results are in agreement with a model of the binding site previously proposed by
      Clegg et al. (Biochemistry 22 (1983) 4797-4804).

PMID- 3689803
TI  - Evidence for two distinct mitochondrial malic enzymes in human skeletal muscle:
      purification and properties of the NAD(P)+-dependent enzyme.
AB  - Human muscle mitochondria reduced either NADP+ or NAD+ in the presence of L
      malate and Mn2+ or Mg2+. After polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis and
      agarose gel isoelectrofocusing, two bands were seen in mitochondrial extract, one
      strictly NADP+-dependent and the other reacting with either NAD+ or NADP+. The
      two mitochondrial malic enzymes were separated by DEAE-Sepharose chromatography.
      The NAD+/NADP+-dependent enzyme was purified 1600-fold with a final yield of 34%
      and a final specific activity of 32.9 units/mg of protein by employing affinity
      chromatography on Agarose-ATP. SDS electrophoresis revealed a single band having
      an apparent Mr = 64,000. Estimates of the native apparent molecular weight upon
      gel filtration yielded a value of 140,300. Kinetic characterization showed that
      succinate and ATP were activator and inhibitor, respectively. In the absence of
      succinate the Km values for malate, NAD+ and NADP+ were 3.7, 0.13 and 0.78 mM,
      respectively; in the presence of succinate the Km value for malate was 1.9 mM.
      ATP was found to be an inhibitor competitive with malate, with a Ki (ATP) of 0.2
      mM. This is the first report to show that mammalian skeletal muscle mitochondria
      contains two distinct malic enzymes, one active with either NAD+ or NADP+ and the
      other active only with NADP+.

PMID- 3689804
TI  - Activity change during unfolding of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A in
      guanidine.
AB  - Bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A loses almost completely its activity in 2-3 M
      guanidine, whereas only very slight conformational changes can be detected when
      following its unfolding by changes in its intrinsic fluorescence at 305 nm and
      ultraviolet absorbance at 287 nm. Reactivation on diluting out the denaturant is
      a time-dependent process, indicating that the inactivation is not due to
      inhibition by a reversible association of the enzyme with guanidine. The kinetic
      method of following the substrate reaction, in the presence of the denaturant
      previously proposed for use in the study of rapid inactivation reactions (Tian,
      W.X. and Tsou, C.-L. (1982) Biochemistry 21, 1028-1032), is applied to examine
      the inactivation rates of this enzyme during guanidine denaturation, and these
      have been compared with the unfolding rates as followed by fluorescence and
      absorbance changes. It is shown that during the unfolding of this enzyme in
      guanidine, the inactivation of the enzyme occurs within the dead time of mixing
      in a stopped-flow apparatus and is at least several orders of magnitude faster
      than the unfolding reaction as detected by the optical parameters. It appears
      that, as in the case of creatine kinase reported previously, the active site of a
      small enzyme stabilized by multiple disulfide linkages, such as ribonuclease A,
      is also situated in a region which is much more liable to being perturbed by
      denaturants than is the molecule as a whole.

PMID- 3689805
TI  - Effect of malonyl-CoA on the kinetics and substrate cooperativity of membrane
      bound carnitine palmitoyltransferase of rat heart mitochondria.
AB  - The effect of malonyl-CoA on the kinetic parameters of carnitine
      palmitoyltransferase (outer) the outer form of carnitine palmitoyltransferase
      (palmitoyl-CoA: L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase, EC 2.3.1.21) from rat heart
      mitochondria was investigated using a kinetic analyzer in the absence of bovine
      serum albumin with non-swelling conditions and decanoyl-CoA as the cosubstrate.
      The K0.5 for decanoyl-CoA is 3 microM for heart mitochondria from both fed and
      fasted rats. Membrane-bound carnitine palmitoyltransferase (outer) shows
      substrate cooperativity for both carnitine and acyl-CoA, similar to that
      exhibited by the enzyme purified from bovine heart mitochondria. The Hill
      coefficient for decanoyl-CoA varied from 1.5 to 2.0, depending on the method of
      assay and the preparation of mitochondria. Malonyl-CoA increased the K0.5 for
      decanoyl-CoA with no apparent increase in sigmoidicity or Vmax. With 20 microM
      malonyl-CoA and a Hill coefficient of n = 2.1, the K0.5 for decanoyl-CoA
      increased to 185 microM. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase (outer) from fed rats had
      an apparent Ki for malonyl-CoA of 0.3 microM, while that from 48-h-fasted rats
      was 2.5 microM. The kinetics with L-carnitine were variable: for different
      preparations of mitochondria, the K0.5 ranged from 0.2 to 0.7 mM and the Hill
      coefficient varied from 1.2 to 1.8. When an isotope forward assay was used to
      determine the effect of malonyl-CoA on carnitine palmitoyltransferase (outer)
      activity of heart mitochondria from fed and fasted animals, the difference was
      much less than that obtained using a continuous rate assay. Carnitine
      palmitoyltransferase (outer) was less sensitive to malonyl-CoA at low compared to
      high carnitine concentrations, particularly with mitochondria from fasted
      animals. The data show that carnitine palmitoyltransferase (outer) exhibits
      substrate cooperativity for both acyl-CoA and L-carnitine in its native state.
      The data show that membrane-bound carnitine palmitoyltransferase (outer) like
      carnitine palmitoyltransferase purified from heart mitochondria exhibits
      substrate cooperativity indicative of allosteric enzymes and indicate that
      malonyl-CoA acts like a negative allosteric modifier by shifting the acyl-CoA
      saturation to the right. A slow form of membrane-bound carnitine
      palmitoyltransferase (outer) was not detected, and thus, like purified carnitine
      palmitoyltransferase, substrate-induced hysteretic behavior is not the cause of
      the positive substrate cooperativity.

PMID- 3689806
TI  - The carboxypropeptide trimer of type II collagen is a prominent component of
      immature cartilages and intervertebral-disc tissue.
AB  - Immature bovine cartilages and intervertebral-disc tissue all revealed a
      prominent protein, not present in the adult tissues, in non-denaturing extracts
      made with chondroitin ABC lyase (EC 4.2.2.4), Streptomyces hyaluronidase (EC
      4.2.2.1) or 1 M NaCl. The protein ran on SDS-polyacrylamide electrophoresis,
      before disulphide reduction, as a close doublet of bands of apparent molecular
      weight 110,000 and 105,000. After reduction, they dissociated respectively into
      two protein bands at 37,000 and 35,000, indicating that the initial molecules
      were disulphide-bonded trimers. Amino-terminal sequence analysis established the
      identity of both proteins (Mr 110,000 and Mr 105,000) as forms of the
      carboxypropeptide of type II collagen. The larger molecule appeared to be the
      trimer of intact alpha 1(II) carboxypropeptides and the smaller, a version
      composed of chains that were ten residues shorter at their amino-terminal ends.
      The material appears to be identical to chondrocalcin, a protein previously found
      to be enriched in fetal growth plate and named on the basis that it may play a
      role in cartilage calcification. The present findings, however, indicate that the
      protein is equally abundant in all type II collagen-synthesizing young
      cartilages, including nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc and other
      cartilages that never calcify.

PMID- 3689807
TI  - Biliverdin reductase: substrate specificity and kinetics.
AB  - The substrate specificity of the different forms of rat liver biliverdin
      reductase was examined using synthetic biliverdins. Biliverdins carrying methyl,
      ethyl and one propionate residue in their structure were not substrates of
      biliverdin reductase. Biliverdins with one propionate and one acetate residue or
      with two acetate residues were not reduced by the enzyme either. The presence of
      two propionates in the biliverdin structure gave a biliverdin with substrate
      activity. Increasing the number of propionates to four, as in coprobiliverdins,
      did not affect substrate activity, while the octaacid urobiliverdins were also
      good substrates of the enzymes. The beta isomer of urobiliverdin III and
      coprobiliverdin III were reduced at much higher rates by molecular form 3 of the
      enzyme as compared to molecular form 1, a fact which had already been observed
      with the beta isomer of biliverdins IX, XIII and hematobiliverdin. All the
      biliverdins mentioned above were readily reduced to bilirubins by sodium
      borohydride. The purified molecular forms 1 and 3 displayed sigmoidal kinetics
      with most of the biliverdins tested. The data were analyzed by nonlinear
      regression in a microcomputer and it was found that they fitted a model of a
      moderate cooperative dimer where both ES and ES2 are catalytically active. The
      Vm, Ks and the Hill numbers, nH, for biliverdin IX alpha and beta,
      hematobiliverdin IX alpha and beta, and several synthetic biliverdin isomers are
      given. Molecular form 2 showed classical Michaelian kinetics.

PMID- 3689808
TI  - Crystallization of the complexes between M315 idiotope and its monoclonal anti
      idiotopic antibody Fab fragment.
AB  - The Fab fragment of a monoclonal anti-idiotopic antibody against M315 has been
      isolated and its complexes with Fv and Fab' fragment of M315 have been
      crystallized by using poly(ethylene glycol) 6000 or ammonium sulfate. X-ray
      diffraction photographs showed that the crystal of the complex with Fv diffracts
      better than that with Fab'. The Fv-complexed crystal was shown to be tetragonal
      I4, with cell dimensions a = 152 A and c = 69 A, and to contain one complex
      molecule of about 75,000 molecular weight in the crystallographic asymmetric
      unit.

PMID- 3689809
TI  - Anti-chymotrypsin and anti-elastase activities of a synthetic bicyclic fragment
      containing a chymotrypsin-reactive site of soybean Bowman-Birk inhibitor.
AB  - A bicyclic hexadecapeptide, which corresponds to the sequence 36-51 and contains
      the chymotrypsin-reactive Leu-43-Ser-44 bond of soybean Bowman-Birk inhibitor,
      has been synthesized. This peptide consists of two loops formed by disulfide
      bridges between Cys-36 and Cys-51 and between Cys-41 and Cys-49. The bicyclic
      peptide showed a strong anti-chymotryptic activity with a Ki of 7.1.10(-7) M.
      Comparison of inhibitory activity and digestive stability against chymotrypsin
      with other hexadecapeptides having the same sequence but lacking one or both
      disulfide bridges suggested that the compact bicyclic structure increases the
      activity and protects the Leu-Ser bond from chymotryptic digestion.
      Interestingly, the bicyclic peptide was found to inhibit porcine pancreatic
      elastase with a Ki of 4.3.10(-5) M, indicating the broad specificity of this ring
      system.

PMID- 3689810
TI  - Novel aspects of vitamin A metabolism in the dog: distribution of lipoprotein
      retinyl esters in vitamin A-deprived and cholesterol-fed animals.
AB  - Retinyl ester concentrations in plasma from fasting humans, rabbits and rats are
      usually negligible. In contrast, plasma from fasting dogs contains appreciable
      amounts of retinyl esters, associated almost entirely with the low-density
      lipoproteins. This study was undertaken to gather additional information about
      the nature and origin of canine retinyl ester-containing lipoproteins. We
      examined the metabolism of endogenous lipoprotein retinyl esters in adult mongrel
      dogs with moderate vitamin A deficiency. Four animals were fed a diet of oatmeal
      and tuna fish that provided only 4% of the vitamin A contained in their control
      rations (15 vs. 367% of the canine recommended daily intake). There was an
      initial rapid decline in plasma retinyl esters. However, measurable
      concentrations persisted in plasma for up to 1 year of restricted vitamin A
      intake. Total plasma retinyl ester concentrations after 6 months of vitamin A
      deprivation, extrapolated from best-fit monoexponential decay curves for each
      animal, ranged from 11 to 89% of control, suggesting that there was sustained
      secretion of retinyl esters from endogenous stores. Density gradient
      ultracentrifugation of plasma from fasting vitamin A-deprived dogs showed retinyl
      esters in the very-low- and low-density lipoproteins. After fat and vitamin A
      feeding retinyl esters appeared among the very-low-, intermediate- and low
      density lipoproteins, consistent with the suggestion that chylomicron retinyl
      esters are first taken up by the liver, and then resecreted as density less than
      1.006-1.063 g/ml lipoproteins. Maximal incorporation of dietary retinyl esters
      into low-density lipoproteins was not reached until 24-48 h. Intermediate-density
      and beta-migrating low-density lipoprotein retinyl esters were increased markedly
      in fasting animals maintained on cholesterol- and saturated fat-enriched diets.
      These observations provide further evidence for the proposal that the canine
      liver secretes retinyl ester-containing particles, in amounts governed by dietary
      composition and vitamin A content. What selective advantage this unusual
      transport pathway might provide is not apparent.

PMID- 3689811
TI  - An improved procedure for the isolation of lamellar bodies from human lung.
      Lamellar bodies free of lysosomes contain a spectrum of lysosomal-type
      hydrolases.
AB  - We have recently shown that lamellar body fractions purified from human lung
      contain a distinct acid alpha-glucosidase distinguishable from lysosomal acid
      alpha-glucosidase in that it does not cross-react with antibodies raised against
      the lysosomal enzyme and does not bind to concanavalin A (De Vries, A.C.J.,
      Schram, A.W., Tager, J.M., Batenburg, J.J. and Van Golde, L.M.G. (1985) Biochim.
      Biophys. Acta 837, 230-238). In order to study the relationship between the non
      concanavalin A-binding alpha-glucosidase and lamellar bodies more closely a
      method was developed for the further purification of the organelles. A purified
      lamellar body preparation isolated from human lung homogenate by discontinuous
      sucrose density centrifugation was subjected to gel filtration with Sepharose 4B
      followed by Percoll density gradient centrifugation, which yielded a lamellar
      body preparation with a phospholipid phosphorus/protein ratio of 12.57 +/- 0.38
      (mumol/mg) (n = 3) as compared to a ratio of 3.34 +/- 0.16 (mumol/mg) (n = 3) in
      the sucrose density gradient preparation. Concomitantly there was a 3.3 +/- 0.1
      (n = 3)-fold enrichment in the content of total acid alpha-glucosidase and a 3.2
      +/- 0.1 (n = 3) -fold enrichment of non-concanavalin A-binding acid alpha
      glucosidase. The new purification method removes adhering proteins without
      changing the phospholipid composition. During the successive purification steps
      the concanavalin A-sensitive and -insensitive alpha-glucosidases remained fully
      lamellar body fraction associated. Differences between a lysosome-enriched
      fraction and a lamellar body preparation at varying stages of purification with
      respect to the ratio between soluble acid hydrolases and the membrane-associated
      lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase indicate that the purified lamellar bodies
      were not contaminated with lysosomes. The absence of lysosomes in the purified
      lamellar body fraction was confirmed by experiments with the weak base glycyl-L
      phenylalanine-beta-naphthylamide, which is an artificial substrate for the
      lysosomal enzyme cathepsin C and brings about lysis of lysosomes. Morphological
      examination by electron microscopy endorses the absence of contaminating vesicles
      and organelles and showed a structural integrity of the lamellar bodies in the
      final preparation. The improved isolation procedure strongly suggests that the
      concanavalin A-insensitive acid alpha-glucosidase is endogenous to lamellar
      bodies and supports our earlier idea that it can be used as a lamellar body
      specific marker enzyme. In addition, the experiments show that lamellar bodies
      free of lysosomes contain a spectrum of lysosomal-type enzymes.

PMID- 3689812
TI  - Inhibition of acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase from rat liver by fatty acyl-CoAs.
AB  - The activity of acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase from rat liver was found to be
      negatively regulated by coenzyme A, fatty acyl-CoAs and acetoacetyl-CoA in vitro.
      With increasing concentrations of coenzyme A (substrate inhibition occurring at
      concentrations higher than 50 microM) the pH optimum shifted toward the acidic
      side (7.5-8.5 with 5 microM coenzyme A and 6.5-7.0 with 500 microM coenzyme A),
      in parallel with progressively decreasing enzyme activity. Fatty acyl-CoAs of
      various chain lengths dose-dependently inhibited acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase from
      rat liver, but much less effectively a similar enzyme from a bacterium, Zoogloea
      ramigera I-16-M. Palmitoyl-CoA, the most potent inhibitor of the rat liver
      enzyme, with an apparent Ki value of 9.8 microM, apparently inhibited the enzyme
      below its critical micellar concentration, not due to its detergent action.
      Acetoacetyl-CoA showed product inhibition with a Ki value of 15 microM. These
      results suggest a possible physiological regulation mechanism for this enzyme
      with respect to fatty acid biosynthesis.

PMID- 3689813
TI  - Cholesterol-induced microsomal changes modulate desaturase activities.
AB  - The effect of 1% dietary cholesterol and 0.5% cholate on the rat liver microsomal
      composition and fatty acid desaturase activities was studied over various periods
      of time. The cholesterol content of liver microsomes increased as well as that of
      phosphatidylcholine. Cholesterol/phosphatidylcholine and
      phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine ratios were also elevated.
      Phosphatidylinositol decreased, but it recovered its original values at the end
      of the experimental period. Phosphatidylserine and sphingomyelin slightly
      decreased with time. Fatty acid composition changes were expressed by a saturated
      acid decrease and monounsaturated acid increase. Arachidonic acid content was
      also reduced. A similar pattern appeared in the main phospholipids:
      phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Delta 9-Desaturase activity was
      enhanced as early as 48 h after cholesterol administration, whereas delta 5- and
      delta 6-desaturases were depressed during the same period and this enzymatic
      behaviour remained after 21 days of diet administration. The microsomal membrane
      was rigidized, as demonstrated by the increase of the fluorescence anisotropy of
      1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene.

PMID- 3689814
TI  - Factors regulating the formation of chylomicrons and very-low-density
      lipoproteins by the rat small intestine.
AB  - The aim of this study was to investigate how the relationship between chylomicron
      and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) transport of fatty acid into lymph was
      affected by the total amount of lipid transported via the intestinal lymphatics
      in the rat. Two different experimental conditions were employed. First,
      intestinal lymph fistula rats were infused with four different levels of
      [3H]oleic acid (15, 30, 60 and 120 mumol per h) at a constant rate for 8 h.
      Lymphatic transport of [3H]oleic acid via chylomicrons and VLDLs was measured in
      lymph collected during the seventh h. Within the dose range studied chylomicron
      increased exponentially, while the output in VLDL reached a plateau at a total
      lymph [3H]oleic acid output of approx. 60 mumol/h. A linear regression analysis
      of the ln(chylomicron/VLDL) versus the total output in lymph yielded a
      coefficient of correlation of 0.95. Second, we utilized the fact that
      intraduodenal infusion of the nonionic detergent Pluronic L-81 (L-81) inhibits
      chylomicron transport and that this inhibition is reversed by the cessation of L
      81 infusion (unblocking). A linear regression analysis of the
      ln(chylomicron/VLDL) versus total lymph [3H]oleic acid output during the first 4
      h of unblocking gave a coefficient of correlation of 0.79. Statistical analysis
      of the regression equations from the two experiments showed that for the same
      lymphatic [3H]oleic acid output, the chylomicron/VLDL ratio was significantly
      lower in the L-81 experiment, indicating that the relative rates of formation of
      chylomicron to VLDL were different under these two experimental conditions.
      However, the principal pattern was the same, i.e., chylomicron production
      increased, while VLDL production became saturated when the amount of oleic acid
      transported to the lymph was increased.

PMID- 3689815
TI  - Ketone body utilization for energy production and lipid synthesis in isolated rat
      brain capillaries.
AB  - Isolated brain capillaries from 2-month-old rats were incubated for 2 h in the
      presence of [3-14C]acetoacetate, D-3-hydroxy[3-14C]butyrate, [U-14C]glucose, [1
      14C]acetate or [1-14C]butyrate. Labelled CO2 was collected as an index of
      oxidative metabolism and incorporation of label precursors into lipids was
      determined. The rate of CO2 production from glucose was slightly higher than from
      the other substrates. Interestingly, acetoacetate was oxidized at nearly the same
      rate as glucose. This shows that ketone bodies could be used as a source of
      energy by brain capillaries. Radiolabelled substrates were also used for the
      synthesis of lipids, which was suppressed by the addition of albumin. The
      incorporation of [U-14C]glucose in total lipids was 10-times higher than that
      from other precursors. However, glucose labelled almost exclusively the glycerol
      backbone of phospholipids, especially of phosphatidylcholine. Ketone bodies as
      well as glucose were incorporated mainly into phospholipids, whereas acetate and
      butyrate were mainly incorporated into neutral lipids. The contribution to fatty
      acid synthesis of various substrates was in the following order: butyrate greater
      than or equal to acetate greater than ketone bodies greater than or equal to
      glucose. All precursors except glucose were used for sterol synthesis. Glucose
      produced almost exclusively the glycerol backbone of phospholipids.

PMID- 3689816
TI  - Acylation of dog heart lysophosphatidylserine by transacylase activity.
AB  - Dog heart microsomes catalyze the transfer of acyl groups from the sn-2 position
      of phosphatidylcholine (PC) to lysophosphatidylserine (lysoPS) in the presence of
      coenzyme A (CoA) at pH optima of 4.5-5.0 and 7.5. Acyl transfer activity at
      acidic pH is about three times higher than at neutral pH. Transacylation of
      lysoPS by acyl transfer from PC with dog heart microsomes at neutral pH favors
      arachidonate over linoleate by a factor of 2.1, whereas free linoleic acid is
      favored by a factor of 3.7 over arachidonic acid for lysoPS acylation in the
      presence of acyl-CoA-generating cofactors. Considering the location and acyl
      composition of myocardial PS, it appears that both acyl transfer from PC and
      utilization of unesterified fatty acids may be involved in the acylation of
      lysoPS at its sn-2 position.

PMID- 3689817
TI  - Lipid peroxidation in hypertrophic rat kidney.
AB  - During compensatory growth of kidney, microsomal lipid peroxidation is unchanged
      in the hypertrophy phase and is doubled in a period of hyperplasia. The maximum
      lipid peroxidation is preceded by a 2-fold increase in the content of cytochrome
      P-450. Both in microsomes and cytosol, intense peroxidation of lipids is
      accompanied by a decrease in glutathione content.

PMID- 3689818
TI  - Contamination of commercial phosphatidylcholine by phospholipase A.
AB  - During the course of a study involving the assay of a membrane-bound
      phospholipase A2 it was observed that a commercial preparation of 1-palmitoyl-2
      oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine used as substrate had intrinsic lipolytic
      activity at pH 8.5. Further investigation revealed a Ca2+-dependent phospholipase
      A largely susceptible to treatment by the alkylating reagent p-bromophenacyl
      bromide or by heat (15 min at 120 degrees C). Complete separation of enzyme and
      phospholipid could be achieved by thin-layer chromatography. Such a contamination
      was not observed in a chemically identical phosphatidylcholine obtained from a
      different supplier. These observations may be relevant to investigators using
      commercial preparations of phospholipids in a variety of studies, including
      intracellular phospholipase A2 determination.

PMID- 3689819
TI  - Effect of chloroquine on biliary lipid and lysosomal enzyme output in the
      isolated perfused rat liver at low bile salt output rates.
AB  - Chloroquine, when introduced into isolated perfused rat livers, caused a
      substantial output of cholesterol into bile, occurring after 30 min and peaking
      at 60 min, whereas the biliary output of acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase
      increased only after 90 min. The origins of this bile-salt-independent
      cholesterol are discussed.

PMID- 3689820
TI  - N-Acylation of ethanolamine phospholipids by acyl transfer does not involve
      hydrolysis.
AB  - N-Acylethanolamine phospholipids occur in infarcted but not in normal canine
      myocardium. Their synthesis is catalyzed by a membrane-bound, Ca2+-requiring N
      acyltransferase (transacylase) which transfers acyl groups from the sn-1 position
      of various phospholipids including phosphatidylethanolamine to the amino group of
      ethanolamine phospholipids. When dog heart mitochondria are incubated in media
      containing Ca2+ and H2(18)O, the resulting N-acylethanolamine phospholipids do
      not accumulate 18O in either the amide or 1-O-acyl groups. The results indicate
      that acyl transfer occurs without hydrolysis, most likely through an acyl-enzyme
      complex which may be covalently linked.

PMID- 3689821
TI  - Oxidation of phenylpyruvic acid.
AB  - Mn2+ catalyzes the aerobic oxidation of phenylpyruvic acid. Benzaldehyde and
      oxalate are the major products, the former being generated to some extent in an
      excited state, as indicated by chlorophyll-sensitized emission. Both oxygen
      consumption and emission are enhanced by addition of horseradish peroxidase. In
      the presence of the enzyme, halogen-containing xanthene dyes also sensitize the
      emission. From the values of the benzaldehyde/oxalate product ratio, it is
      inferred that two oxidation pathways are operative. One of these proceeds via a
      dioxetane intermediate and is responsible for the excited benzaldehyde; the
      other, which involves an alpha-keto-beta-peroxylactone, does not produce oxalate.
      The enzyme appears to favour the dioxetane route. The relative importance of
      these routes in biological systems is discussed.

PMID- 3689822
TI  - Modulation of the reductive metabolism of halothane by microsomal cytochrome b5
      in rat liver.
AB  - To study the modulation of the reductive metabolism of halothane (2-bromo-2
      chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane) by microsomal cytochrome b5, formation of 2-chloro
      1,1,1-trifluoroethane (CTE) and 2-chloro-1,1-difluoroethylene (CDE), major
      reduced metabolites of halothane, was analyzed in vivo and in vitro. Rats were
      pretreated with both malotilate (diisopropyl-1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate) and
      sodium phenobarbital (malotilate-treated rats) or only with sodium phenobarbital
      (control rats). The microsomes of malotilate-treated rats had significantly more
      cytochrome b5 than the controls, whereas the cytochrome P-450 content was not
      different between the two groups. At the end of 2-h exposure to 1% halothane in
      14% oxygen, the ratio of CDE to CTE in arterial blood was significantly higher in
      malotilate-treated rats than in the controls. Under anaerobic conditions, the
      formation of CDE and the ratio of CDE to CTE were significantly greater in
      microsomal preparations of malotilate-treated rats than those of the controls. In
      a reconstituted system containing cytochrome P-450PB purified from rabbit liver,
      addition of cytochrome b5 to the system enhanced the formation of CDE and
      increased the ratio of CDE to CTE. These results suggested that cytochrome b5
      enhances the formation ratio of CDE to CTE by stimulating the supply of a second
      electron to cytochrome P-450, which might reduce radical reactions in the
      reductive metabolism of halothane.

PMID- 3689823
TI  - Circular dichroism study of the interaction of mitoxantrone, ametantrone and
      their Pd(II) complexes with deoxyribonucleic acid.
AB  - The interaction of mitoxantrone, ametantrone and their Pd(II) complexes with DNA
      have been studied using absorption and circular dichroism spectroscopy. We have
      shown that mitoxantrone forms with Pd(II) a complex in which two Pd(II) ions are
      bound to two molecules of drug (D1 and D2). One Pd(II) ion is bound to the two
      nitrogens of the side chain on C-5 of molecule D1 and to the two nitrogens of the
      side chain on C-5 of molecule D2, whereas the second Pd(II) ion is bound to the
      nitrogens of the side chain on C-8 of molecule D1 and of molecule D2. The same
      complex is formed between Pd(II) and ametantrone. The stability constants for
      these complexes are, respectively, beta M = (1.4 +/- 0.5).10(19) and beta A =
      (2.5 +/- 0.5).10(18). They display antitumor activity against P 388 leukemia
      which compares with that of the free drugs. Interactions of the free drugs with
      DNA have been studied. Mitoxantrone and ametantrone are not optically active by
      themselves. However, through interaction with DNA, there is an induction of
      optical activity within the electronic transitions of both drugs. At a
      nucleotide/drug molar ratio lower than about 5 a CD signal of the couplet type is
      observed, suggesting that there is a coupling between the pi----pi transitions of
      the molecules of drugs intercalated between the base pairs. This coupling
      disappears when the molar ratio is increased. The interactions of the Pd(II)
      complexes with DNA do not give rise to induction of optical activity within the
      electronic transition of the drugs, indicating that the presence of the metal ion
      prevents the intercalation of the drugs between the base pairs.

PMID- 3689824
TI  - Dynamics of estrogen induction of glandular kallikrein in the rat anterior
      pituitary.
AB  - Glandular kallikrein has recently been identified as an estrogen-induced protein
      of the rat anterior pituitary. This study examined the dynamics of the estrogen
      induction of anterior pituitary glandular kallikrein in the ovariectomized rat.
      The estrogen induction of uterine dry weight was also examined for purposes of
      comparison. 17 beta-Estradiol (0.1-100 micrograms/day) produced dose-dependent
      increases in anterior pituitary glandular kallikrein, with the highest dose
      producing a 60-fold increase. Time-course studies demonstrated that a lag phase
      of 2-3 days was required before these estrogen effects on glandular kallikrein
      became evident, and levels were still rising between 7 and 10 days of treatment.
      The dynamics of the estrogen induction of glandular kallikrein resembled the
      estrogen induction of uterine dry weight with regard to estrogen sensitivity and
      the presence of a lag phase before estrogen-induced increases. However, uterine
      dry weight responded more rapidly to estrogen than did anterior pituitary
      glandular kallikrein, and reached a plateau after 5 days of estrogen treatment.

PMID- 3689825
TI  - The isolation of a fetal rat liver glutathione S-transferase isoenzyme with high
      glutathione peroxidase activity.
AB  - A previously uncharacterized glutathione S-transferase isoenzyme which is absent
      from normal adult rat livers has been isolated from fetal rat livers. The enzyme
      was purified using a combination of affinity chromatography, CM-cellulose column
      chromatography and chromatofocusing. It is composed of two non-identical
      subunits, namely, subunit Yc (Mr 28,000) and a subunit (Mr 25,500) recently
      reported by us to be uniquely present in fetal rat livers and which we now refer
      to as subunit 'Yfetus'. The enzyme which we term glutathione S-transferase
      YcYfetus has an isoelectric point of approx. 8.65 and has glutathione S
      transferase activity towards a number of substrates. The most significant
      property of the fetal isozyme is its high glutathione peroxidase activity towards
      the model substrate cumene hydroperoxide. We suggest that this isozyme serves a
      specific function in protecting fetuses against the possible teratogenic effects
      of organic peroxides.

PMID- 3689826
TI  - Drug delivery using vesicles targeted to the hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor.
AB  - We assessed the utility of liver-targeted vesicles as a drug delivery system for
      the treatment of liver diseases. Small, unilamellar vesicles (mean diameter, 60
      80 nm) composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, cholesterol,
      dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (mol ratios,
      40:40:5:15) are rapidly cleared from the blood in rats after intravenous
      injection. In vivo organ distribution shows that the liver is the major site of
      vesicle accumulation, with roughly 60-80% of the vesicle contents delivered to
      the liver. Isolated, perfused rat liver experiments show that the uptake is due
      to the hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor, and the uptake process occurs with
      minimal vesicle leakage. At low doses of the vesicles, the single pass extraction
      by the liver is around 50%, which means that this vesicle formulation operates
      close to optimal efficiency as a drug delivery system to the liver. Binding of
      vesicles to the liver was determined to saturate at 6.5 mg total lipid/kg body
      weight, with a maximum steady-state turnover rate of vesicles at 37 degrees C of
      79 micrograms lipid/min per kg body weight. This gives a receptor recycling time
      of around 80 min. We have incorporated this information into a pharmacokinetic
      model of vesicle distribution which quantitatively predicts the kinetics and dose
      dependence of vesicle uptake by the liver in vivo. This information can be used
      to optimize vesicle-mediated drug delivery to the liver.

PMID- 3689827
TI  - Purification and characterization of liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 from
      untreated male rats.
AB  - Different forms of cytochrome P-450 from untreated male rats were simultaneously
      purified to homogeneity using the HPLC technique. The absorption maximum,
      molecular weight, NH2-terminal sequence and catalytic activity of them were
      determined. The NH2-terminal sequences of six forms of cytochrome P-450
      (designated P450 UT-1, UT-2, UT-4, UT-5, UT-7 and UT-8) indicate that these
      cytochrome P-450 isozymes are of different molecular species. The hydrophobicity
      values of the NH2-terminal sequences of P450 UT-1 and P450 UT-8 were lower than
      that of other forms. P450 UT-8 has the highest molecular weight, 54,000, of the
      six forms of P-450. P450 UT-2 was active in demethylation of benzphetamine, P450
      UT-4 was active in the metabolism of 7-ethoxycoumarin and p-nitroanisole. P450 UT
      1 and P450 UT-2 were active in the 2 alpha- and 16 alpha-hydroxylation of
      testosterone, whereas P450 UT-4 was active in the 6 beta-, 7 alpha- and 15 alpha
      hydroxylation of the same steroid. We believe that P450 UT-1, P450 UT-7 and P450
      UT-8 are as yet unrecognized forms of cytochrome P-450.

PMID- 3689828
TI  - [Computer analysis of electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of spin labels in
      the study of biological membranes].
AB  - Application of computer analysis to ESR spectra of maleimide spin labels in
      erythrocyte ghosts and ESR spectra of "spin sacks"--erythrocyte ghosts and
      liposomes containing concentrated solution of non-penetrating spin label was
      described. The analysis of the ESR spectra of spin labels gives exhausting
      information about the parameters of spin hamiltonian, peculiarities of the
      movement of nitroxyl radicals and their distribution between the cell and medium.

PMID- 3689829
TI  - [Physical models of neural networks].
AB  - The state of art in computer modelling of neural networks with associative memory
      is reviewed. The available experimental data are considered on learning and
      memory of small neural systems, on isolated synapses and on molecular level.
      Computer simulations demonstrate that realistic models of neural ensembles
      exhibit properties which can be interpreted as image recognition, categorization,
      learning, prototype forming, etc. A bilayer model of associative neural network
      is proposed. One layer corresponds to the short-term memory, the other one to the
      long-term memory. Patterns are stored in terms of the synaptic strength matrix.
      We have studied the relaxational dynamics of neurons firing and suppression
      within the short-term memory layer under the influence of the long-term memory
      layer. The interaction among the layers has found to create a number of novel
      stable states which are not the learning patterns. These synthetic patterns may
      consist of elements belonging to different non-intersecting learning patterns.
      Within the framework of a hypothesis of selective and definite coding of images
      in brain one can interpret the observed effect as the "ideas generating" process.

PMID- 3689830
TI  - Comparison of color sensation in dichoptic and in normal vision.
AB  - Color vision in humans is independent over a wide range of the spectral
      composition of the illuminating light (Young 1807; Hering 1879). The retinex
      theory accounts for this color constancy by assuming that for each of the three
      waveband channels determined by the retinal cones a global lightness record of
      the scene is first computed by the visual system. The three records then serve to
      generate color at every point (Land 1983). Where do these computations take
      place? In this report a scene consisting of fourteen colored fields was viewed
      while one band of wavelengths enters one eye and a different band enters the
      other (dichoptic case) or while both bands enter both eyes (normal case) under
      otherwise identical conditions. The perceived color of every field is very
      similar in both cases although the physical stimulation of the eyes differs. It
      is also found that color constancy is maintained under dichoptic conditions. The
      results show that the cortex is crucial for the computation of color.

PMID- 3689831
TI  - A model of the motor servo: incorporating nonlinear spindle receptor and muscle
      mechanical properties.
AB  - A model for the stretch reflex is proposed incorporating a nonlinear description
      of muscle receptor behavior, a delay in the reflex loop and a model of muscle
      mechanical properties. The model adequately describes the nonlinear response
      properties of EMG and force to constant ramps in loading and unloading direction.
      The EMG responses during the ramp and at ramp plateau could be simulated
      adequately for all ramp velocities except for high stretch velocities where EMG
      activity appeared in bursts, presumably due to spinal nonlinearities. Force
      responses during ramp stretches could be simulated except at ramp plateau, where
      the measured force response decayed slower than the simulated responses. The
      model also explained that EMG and force responses during ramp stretches after a
      displacement of about 1 cm could be approximately described by a product
      relationship between a position-related term and a low-fractional power of
      velocity. During unloading ramps the model did not predict a clear velocity
      dependence in agreement with the data.

PMID- 3689832
TI  - Visual pattern recognition in humans. I. Evidence for adaptive filtering.
AB  - We have investigated how observers learn to classify compound Gabor signals as a
      function of their differentiating frequency components. Performance appears to be
      consistent with decision processes based upon the least squares minimum distance
      classifier (LSMDC) operating over a cartesian feature space consisting of the
      real (even) and imaginary (odd) components of the signals. The LSMDC model
      assumes observers form prototype signals, or adaptive filters, for each signal
      class in the learning phase, and classify as a function of their degree of match
      to each prototype. The underlying matching process can be modelled in terms of
      cross-correlation between prototype images and the input sample.

PMID- 3689833
TI  - Applications of minimum-order Wiener modeling to retinal ganglion cell
      spatiotemporal dynamics.
AB  - In a previous paper (Marmarelis et al. 1986) we presented the concept of minimum
      order Wiener (MOW) modeling of continuous-input/spike-output (CISO) systems. The
      associated MOW methodology aims at obtaining low-order Wiener models for CISO
      systems of practical interest. The assertion was made that many
      neurophysiological systems that fall in this class can be studied effectively by
      the use of this method. We have chosen a sensory system to demonstrate the
      efficacy of the method with actual experimental data. The response of retinal
      ganglion cells to spatiotemporal visual stimuli was studied with this approach
      and a second-order MOW model was obtained. The results appear to corroborate the
      adequacy of this model in terms of predicting the timing of the output spikes.

PMID- 3689834
TI  - Exact results for the average dynamic behavior of some non-linear neural
      networks.
AB  - We have studied the global dynamic behavior of neural-like networks of
      synchronous threshold elements by writing a master equation as a function of
      parameter values using statistical methods. Exact results for highly connected
      networks and no correlation are obtained, showing that in this case (contrary to
      previous results) the average activity can only display simple stable behaviour,
      the sole exception being special cases of a slow passage through a tangent
      bifurcation, and a limit cycle of length two. By introducing an appropriate
      probabilistic hypothesis, we also study the average activity and correlation for
      highly connected networks with the topology of a (Cayley) tree. In this case the
      dynamic is ruled by a pair of coupled equations linking activity and correlation,
      and the tendency is for the correlation to disappear over time. However, under
      reasonable biological conditions, this tendency will be extremely slow, giving
      rise to a region of pseudo-stability.

PMID- 3689835
TI  - The control of hand equilibrium trajectories in multi-joint arm movements.
AB  - According to the equilibrium trajectory hypothesis, multi-joint arm movements are
      achieved by gradually shifting the hand equilibrium positions defined by the
      neuromuscular activity. The magnitude of the force exerted on the arm, at any
      time, depends on the difference between the actual and equilibrium hand positions
      and the stiffness and viscosity about the equilibrium position. The purpose of
      this paper is to test the validity and implications of this hypothesis in the
      context of reaching movements. A mathematical description of the behavior of an
      arm tracking the equilibrium trajectory was developed and implemented in computer
      simulations. The joint stiffness parameters used in these simulations were
      derived from experimentally measured static stiffness values. The kinematic
      features of hand equilibrium trajectories which were derived from measured planar
      horizontal movements gave rise to the suggestion that the generation of reaching
      movements involves explicit planning of spatially and temporally invariant hand
      equilibrium trajectories. This hypothesis was tested by simulating actual arm
      movements based on hypothetical equilibrium trajectories. The success of the
      predicted behavior in capturing both the qualitative features and the
      quantitative kinematic details of the measured movements supports the equilibrium
      trajectory hypothesis. The control strategy suggested here may allow the motor
      system to avoid some of the complicated computational problems associated with
      multi-joint arm movements.

PMID- 3689837
TI  - The prey localisation model: a stability analysis.
AB  - This paper analyzes the "Prey localisation Model" (House 1984), for animals that
      are unable to verge their eyes. The Prey localisation Model selects a single
      point or a portion of the scene in its visual space. In particular it imitates
      the behaviour of frogs and toads of selecting the closer target when two equally
      attractive prey are presented to it. The model achieves its goal by tightly
      coupling two prey selection processes, one for each eye, with lens accommodation.
      In this paper we offer a stability analysis of the model, and show how lens
      accommodation, i.e. adjustment in the focal length of the lens, biases the
      selection of the proximal target. We examine the properties of the model that are
      responsible for its behaviour and derive a set of conditions which guarantees the
      localisation of the correct target.

PMID- 3689836
TI  - The scale of the visual pathways of mouse and rat.
AB  - Photoreceptors and neurons at various levels to cortex have been counted in mouse
      and rat. The ratios of neuron numbers (rat/mouse) are similar to the ratio of
      retinal areas or the squared ratio of eye sizes; so to a first approximation the
      two species have linearly scaled eyes, equal photoreceptor spacings (in micron),
      and visual pathways scaled numerically by the number of photoreceptors. With
      supplementary data from the literature, some of the functional implications of
      the design can be evaluated level by level. Overall, there is structural and
      computational economy, or even parsimony.

PMID- 3689838
TI  - Electric and magnetic fields of the brain computed by way of a discrete systems
      analytical approach: theory and validation.
AB  - It is shown how the stationary volume conduction phenomena in the brain, namely
      the electric and magnetic fields can be described in discrete terms. The volume
      conductor is sampled in space by introducing a sampling distance corresponding to
      the uncertainty in the measurements. In this way, a three-dimensional lattice is
      needed with equidistantly spaced nodes. The electric and magnetic properties of
      such a lattice are assumed to be equivalent to that of brain and other tissues.
      The electric and magnetic potential fields are calculated for each node as the
      output of a linear feedback system which has the impressed currents as the input.
      By way of the feedback loop the reflection phenomena at the boundaries between
      media of different conductivity can be taken into account. This discrete
      formalism has been implemented in a software system. To demonstrate the validity
      and accuracy of this system a number of analytically tractable problem in volume
      conduction has been evaluated.

PMID- 3689839
TI  - On the relationship between two models of neural entrainment.
AB  - A comparison is established between the two models of neural entrainment proposed
      by Nagumo and Sato (1972) and by Torras (1986). Both are formulated in terms of a
      transition equation whose solutions of period m correspond to the different (m:r)
      entrainment patterns. The existence of a transformation relating both transition
      equations implies the equivalence between stable entrainment for the former model
      and unstable entrainment for the latter one. However, there is no counterpart for
      the stable entrainment arising in Torras' model.

PMID- 3689840
TI  - Late agonist activation burst (PC) required for optimal head movement: a
      simulation study.
AB  - Fast as possible (time optimal) single joint movements throughout the body are
      characterized by the triphasic (3 pulse) pattern of activation in the agonist and
      antagonist muscles. Simulation studies using a sixth order, non-linear model were
      undertaken to determine the relationship between time optimal movement and three
      pulse control. Exhaustive exploration of the multidimensional space formed by
      descriptive parameters of the control signal yielded control signals which drove
      the model to produce optimal movements. The result of these one to two week
      computer simulation runs was that if the limb is required to stay close to the
      target immediately after the end of the control signal, the fastest movements are
      produced by a three pulse control signal.

PMID- 3689841
TI  - The construction of a simultaneous functional order in nervous systems. III. The
      influence of environmental constraints on the resulting functional order.
AB  - In a previous paper (Part I) we introduced a model that constructs a simultaneous
      functional order in a set of neuronal elements by monitoring the coincidences in
      their signal activities (the so-called coincidence-model). The simultaneous
      signal activity in a neural net will be constrained both by its physical
      restrictions and by environmental constraints. In this paper we present the
      results of simulation experiments that were performed to study the influence of
      environmental constraints on the resulting functional order in a set of neural
      elements corresponding to a one-dimensional detector array. We show that the
      coincidence-model produces a functional order that encodes the physical
      constraints of the environment. Moreover, we demonstrate that the signal activity
      in the neural net (the "perceptions") can be related to events in the outer
      world. We provide some examples to demonstrate that our model may prove useful to
      gain insight into certain developmental disorders.

PMID- 3689842
TI  - Bootstrap variance estimators for the parameters of small-sample sensory
      performance functions.
AB  - The bootstrap method, due to Bradley Efron, is a powerful, general method for
      estimating a variance or standard deviation by repeatedly resampling the given
      set of experimental data. The method is applied here to the problem of estimating
      the standard deviation of the estimated midpoint and spread of a sensory
      performance function based on data sets comprising 15-25 trials. The performance
      of the bootstrap estimator was assessed in Monte Carlo studies against another
      general estimator obtained by the classical "combination-of-observations" or
      incremental method. The bootstrap method proved clearly superior to the
      incremental method, yielding much smaller percentage biases and much greater
      efficiencies. Its use in the analysis of sensory-performance data may be
      particularly appropriate when traditional asymptotic procedures, including the
      probit-transformation approach, become unreliable.

PMID- 3689843
TI  - Production of identical twin rabbits by micromanipulation of embryos.
AB  - The research was conducted to improve micromanipulation procedures with rabbit
      embryos, including the production of genetically identical progeny. In the first
      experiment, embryos in different stages of development were used for
      micromanipulation by removing half of the blastomeres with a beveled aspirating
      pipette. Embryos 74-78 h postovulatory, in the late compacted morula or early
      blastocyst stage, were demonstrated to be best for micromanipulation. When
      embryos at this stage were halved, 77% (64/83) developed into blastocysts
      compared to 78% (65/83) for the intact control. In the second experiment, the
      survival of demi-embryos in original versus foreign zonae was tested. Young born
      from the demi-embryos transferred within original zonae (33%) were not
      significantly different (p greater than 0.05) from those transferred in foreign
      zonae (24%). Significantly more offspring, however, were obtained from intact
      control embryos (58%, p less than 0.01). In the third experiment, identical
      monozygotic twins were produced from Day 3 embryos, after modification of the
      aspirating pipette by further sharpening it to a fine point with a microforge.
      Thirty-four percent young (11) were obtained after microsurgery compared to 36%
      for intact control embryos transferred. Among the demi-embryos, a pair of albino
      and a pair of Dutch-belted young were identical twins.

PMID- 3689844
TI  - Mullerian inhibiting substance in sex-reversed dogs.
AB  - In normal males, Mullerian Inhibiting Substance (MIS), produced by testes during
      an embryonic critical period, is thought to induce regression of the Mullerian
      duct system, including the oviducts and uterus. In XX sex-reversed dogs, an
      apparent contradiction has been reported: The uterus persists in the presence of
      testes or ovotestes. The objective of this study is to determine whether testes
      of XX male and ovotestes of true hermaphrodite dogs produce MIS, and to examine
      the anatomy of Mullerian duct derivatives of affected dogs for evidence of
      regression. Gonadal samples were tested for MIS activity in a bioassay. The mean
      MIS activity score of XX males was similar to that of normal XY males and
      significantly greater than that of normal XX females. The mean MIS activity score
      of XX true hermaphrodites was intermediate between normal XX females and XY
      males. Within the true hermaphrodite group, ovotestes in which the proportion of
      testicular tissue was greater than or equal to 1/2 had higher MIS scores than
      those in which the proportion of testicular tissue was less than 1/2. XX males
      had a well-developed epididymis adjacent to each testis, but no oviducts. In true
      hermaphrodites, the oviduct regressed and an epididymis was present when greater
      than or equal to 1/2 of the adjacent ovotestis was testicular, and MIS activity
      in that gonad was high. A few ovotestes with intermediate levels of MIS activity
      had both an oviduct and an epididymis. Regression of the oviductal portion of the
      Mullerian duct system was positively correlated to the amount of testicular
      tissue and the MIS activity of the gonad, as would be predicted by Jost's
      original hypothesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3689845
TI  - Ovum transport in pregnant rats is little affected by RU486 and exogenous
      progesterone as compared to cycling rats.
AB  - In cycling and pregnant rats, the eggs stay in the oviduct for approximately 66
      and 90 h, respectively. The influence of progesterone in these timings was
      investigated. An excess or a simulated deficit of progesterone was induced with
      exogenous progesterone or the antiprogesterone RU486, respectively, beginning on
      the day of ovulation. The effect of these treatments on egg transport in cycling
      and pregnant rats was assessed in detail and complemented with determinations of
      estradiol and progesterone circulating levels and progesterone receptor levels in
      the oviduct. Accelerated transport of ova followed treatment with RU486 in
      cycling and pregnant rats but with different features. In cycling rats,
      acceleration began 24 h after the onset of treatment and was not associated with
      changes in estradiol levels; in pregnant rats, it started 72 h after treatment
      and was associated with a 5-fold increase in estradiol circulating levels. Thus,
      RU486 failed to accelerate ovum transport during the first three days of
      treatment in pregnant rats, in spite of the fact that no progesterone receptors
      were available in the oviduct as early as 24 h of treatment. Progesterone
      administration caused egg retention in the oviducts and a 50% reduction in
      circulating estradiol levels in cycling rats, whereas in pregnant rats
      progesterone excess did not change estradiol circulating levels and had no effect
      on the location of embryos on Days 4 and 5. These results demonstrate a different
      physiological importance of endogenous progesterone in slowing down oviductal
      ovum transport in cycling and pregnant rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3689846
TI  - Minimal nutrient requirements for culture of one-cell rabbit embryos.
AB  - The minimal nutrient requirements of one-cell rabbit embryos for cleavage during
      in vitro culture were investigated. One-cell rabbit embryos were cultivated in a
      simple salt solution supplemented with the macromolecule polyvinylalcohol (PVA)
      either alone or with bovine serum albumin (BSA), amino acids, or one of a number
      of potential energy sources. At the end of 48 h culture, the embryos were stained
      with aceto-orcein HCl and the number of nucleated cells per embryo counted. One
      cell embryos in medium with PVA but without an exogenous, fixed nitrogen source
      or energy substrate cleaved to a mean of 10.4 cells per embryo. Addition of the
      putative energy substrates--phosphoenolpyruvate, malate, acetate, and lactate-
      resulted in nonsignificant increases in cleavage rate. Glucose, pyruvate, a group
      of 20 amino acids from Ham's F-10 medium, and BSA gave a statistically
      significant doubling of the cleavage rate. These results indicate that the one
      cell rabbit embryo, unlike the mouse embryo, has significant endogenous energy
      sources and that an exogenous, fixed nitrogen source is not essential for
      cleavage.

PMID- 3689848
TI  - Luteal function in the bitch: changes during diestrus in pituitary concentration
      of and the number of luteal receptors for luteinizing hormone and prolactin.
AB  - The concentration of unoccupied luteal receptors for luteinizing hormone (LH) and
      prolactin, and the concentration of these two hormones in the pituitary was
      determined in 11 groups of bitches (n = 3 or 4/group) representing stages from
      proestrus through Day 80 of diestrus. Despite dramatic changes in serum
      concentrations of progesterone, the concentration of luteal receptors for LH and
      prolactin was quite constant throughout the entire luteal phase. In association
      with the ovulatory surge of LH, pituitary concentration of LH decreased abruptly
      from proestrus to Day 2 of diestrus, and was then gradually replenished during
      the remainder of diestrus. The concentration of prolactin in the pituitary did
      not vary significantly from proestrus through late diestrus.

PMID- 3689847
TI  - Induction of parturition, progesterone secretion, and delivery of placenta in
      beef heifers given relaxin with cloprostenol or dexamethasone.
AB  - Sixty primiparous beef heifers from a crossbreeding study were used to examine
      the effects of inducing parturition with relaxin (3,000 U/mg) combined with
      cloprostenol (500 micrograms, i.m., n = 30) or dexamethasone (20 mg, i.m., n =
      30) at Day 273, 10 +/- 1 days before expected parturition (Day 283). Heifers were
      assigned at random within cloprostenol and dexamethasone groups to receive
      relaxin (1 mg, n = 5/treatment), i.m. or in the cervical os (OS), at 0 h (the
      same time as cloprostenol and dexamethasone) or 24 h later. Eleven and six first
      calving heifers and sixteen and nine second-calving cows also received
      cloprostenol + relaxin and cloprostenol + phosphate-buffered saline,
      respectively. Radioimmunoassay of daily plasma samples indicated an abrupt
      decrease in progesterone with time (p less than 0.001), from 7.5 +/- 0.50 to 1.0
      +/- 0.30 ng/ml (mean +/- SE) within 48 h for all groups. The mean rate of
      progesterone decrease (ng/ml in 24 h) was accelerated (p less than 0.01) in
      relaxin-treated heifers (5.3 +/- 0.36), in contrast to dexamethasone- and
      cloprostenol-treated control heifers (2.8 +/- 0.40). Relaxin combined with
      cloprostenol or dexamethasone shortened the calving period in these heifers by
      reducing the interval between treatment and calving (33 vs. 56 h; p less than
      0.01). The incidence and duration of retained placenta were reduced by 22 vs. 75%
      and 14 vs. 34 h for relaxin combined with cloprostenol or dexamethasone as
      compared with cloprostenol- or dexamethasone-treated controls, respectively (p
      less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3689849
TI  - Cessation of transition-phase follicle growth in the guinea pig by follicle
      regulatory protein.
AB  - The granulosa cell produces a protein inhibitor of aromatase activity (follicle
      regulatory protein: FRP), which recently was purified to homogeneity. To
      determine the possible involvement of FRP in follicular maturation, we examined
      the size distribution of follicles and their morphological patterns as well as
      serum steroid levels after the systemic administration of FRP and/or gonadotropin
      to guinea pigs, which have 5-6 days between luteolysis and ovulation in a 16-day
      cycle. FRP was partially purified from porcine follicular fluid by ammonium
      sulfate precipitation (0-35%), Dye Matrex Orange A Chromatography, dialysis, and
      lyophylization. To investigate the effect of pregnant mare's serum (PMS) during
      the periovulatory period in follicular development, adult guinea pigs underwent
      unilateral ovariectomy on Days 10, 12, and 14 of the estrous cycle (N = 6 each).
      Guinea pigs were injected twice daily with vehicle or PMS (5 IU) and 2 days
      thereafter the remaining ovaries were removed. Another group of guinea pigs
      received, in addition, intraperitoneal injections of FRP (1 mg) each morning from
      Day 8 of estrus until they were killed. The resected ovaries were fixed, embedded
      in paraffin, serially sectioned (7 micron), and stained with Azan for comparative
      study via light microscopy. All follicles greater than 400 micron were classified
      by size, and the atretic pattern was determined by mural granulosa cell pyknosis
      and antral sloughing. The distribution of follicular size was not affected by
      hemicastration at Day 10, although the percentage of total atretic follicles
      decreased. In the PMS-treated group, there was a significant decrease in the
      number of viable follicles (700-899 micron) after hemicastration. Also pronounced
      in follicles of this size was the lack of mid-atretic follicles. After injections
      of FRP for 3 or 5 days, the overall number of follicles was almost doubled as
      compared to the number found in the normal ovary. Additionally, there was a
      significant increase in the percentage of follicles that were recently atretic,
      although the total percentage of atretic follicles was unchanged. After
      hemicastration at Day 10 followed by FRP treatment for 2 days, the total
      percentage of atretic follicles in the remaining ovary decreased to 18% compared
      with 35% in the normal ovary, 46% in the hemicastrated plus PMS-treated group,
      and 38% in the hemicastrated and PMS- and FRP-treated group (all p less than
      0.01). Treating the hemicastrated animal with PMS increased the percentage of
      atretic follicles in all groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3689850
TI  - Cytosolic progesterone receptors in the oviducts of reproductively active and
      quiescent turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo).
AB  - Cytosolic progesterone receptors (PRcs) from the reproductive tract of the female
      turkey were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography using a
      diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) ion-exchange column. PRcs from oviduct tissue of laying,
      incubating, photorefractory and short-day turkey hens were compared. In general,
      three types of PRcs were identified: Receptor I, a partially displaceable species
      that was eluted at a 0.13 M salt concentration; and Receptors II and III, which
      were two specific binding species eluting at 0.23 M and 0.26 M, respectively. In
      the subdivided tissue from the laying hen oviduct, Receptor I was the major PRc
      species of the isthmus and Receptor III was the only receptor present in the
      uterus. The infundibulum and magnum each contained a small amount of Receptor II
      and a substantial amount of Receptor III. The whole oviduct of incubating hens
      contained a greater proportion of Receptor I than Receptor II or III, and these
      last two receptor types were present in equal quantity. The whole oviduct of the
      short-day hens had an equal distribution of the three receptor types. In the
      presence of sodium molybdate, an inhibitor of phosphatase and protease, only one
      sharp Receptor II species was seen in the magnum and uterus of the laying hen
      oviduct and in the whole oviducts of incubating and short-day hens. The
      transformation of Receptor II to Receptor III in the absence of sodium molybdate
      was facilitated by the aging of cytosol at 0-4 degrees C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3689851
TI  - Comparison of serum estradiol to urinary estrone conjugates in the rhesus macaque
      (Macaca mulatta).
AB  - Paired urine and serum samples were collected daily during fourteen nonconceptive
      (7 females) and ten conceptive (9 females) ovarian cycles from a total of 12
      female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Daily urine samples were analyzed for
      concentrations of estrone conjugates (Ei Conj). Serum samples were evaluated for
      concentrations of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) by radioimmunoassay (RIA),
      and bioactive luteinizing hormone (bLH) and monkey chorionic gonadotropin (mCG)
      were analyzed by a mouse Leydig cell bioassay. Linear correlation (r) between
      urinary E1 Conj and serum E2 (r range = -0.176-0.948) during nonconceptive cycles
      aligned by the preovulatory E1 Conj peak (Day 0) improved when daily hormone
      values were realigned to account for an approximately 24-h delay in the excretion
      of hormonal metabolites in urine (r range = 0.465-0.967). Similarly, correlation
      between urinary E1 Conj and serum E2 during conceptive cycles aligned by Day 0 (r
      range = 0.300-0.824) improved when values were offset by 24 h (r range = 0.408
      0.876). When conceptive cycles were compared to nonconceptive cycles, serum P
      levels were significantly elevated over nonconceptive levels by Day +12 (p less
      than 0.001), and urinary E1 Conj levels by Day +13 (p less than 0.02), whereas
      serum E2 and bLH were both significantly elevated by Day +14 (p less than 0.0006
      and p less than 0.01, respectively). In both nonconceptive and conceptive cycles,
      urinary E1 Conj paralleled serum E2 and demonstrated incremental increases above
      baseline levels, which were greater than for serum E2.

PMID- 3689852
TI  - Reproductive responses to variation in temperature and food supply by house mice.
      I. Mating and pregnancy.
AB  - The effects of food restriction upon mating and pregnancy of female house mice
      were studied at a warm (21 degrees C) and a cold (5 degrees C) temperature to
      examine the hypothesis that the effects of temperature and food availability are
      not independent. Analyses of the data showed significant interaction between
      temperature and food availability for virtually all variables measured,
      supporting the initial hypothesis. Contingency analysis of mating, fertility, and
      litter survivorship showed that the interaction influenced not only the
      percentage of females successfully producing litters, but also the timing of
      abandonment of reproductive effort by those females that did not have surviving
      litters. The percentage of females who mated was reduced only in food-restricted
      females under cold conditions. Both low temperature and food restriction reduced
      the percentage of mated females that became pregnant. Food-restricted females
      under cold conditions who did become pregnant tended to kill their litters at
      birth. The net effect was an interaction between temperature and food restriction
      that resulted in females reducing or abandoning reproductive effort at
      progressively earlier stages of the reproductive cycle. The interaction between
      temperature and food restriction was further displayed in the growth curves of
      pregnant females, with the reduction of growth by food restriction being greater
      in the cold.

PMID- 3689854
TI  - Nuclear transplantation in the bovine embryo: assessment of donor nuclei and
      recipient oocyte.
AB  - Blastomeres from 2- to 32-cell bovine embryos were transferred to enucleated
      oocytes matured either in vivo or in vitro by micromanipulation and
      electrofusion. The percentage of donor cells fusing with the recipient oocytes
      was dependent on relative cell size or stage of development. Therefore, when
      smaller donor karyoplasts (17- to 32-cell vs. 2- to 8-cell) were transferred, the
      rate of fusion was significantly less (p less than 0.01). After fusion, nuclear
      transfer embryos were cultured either in vitro or in vivo (in a ligated ovine
      oviduct). Nuclear transfer embryos cultured in vitro developed to the 4- to 6
      cell stage after 72 h (4-cell, 71%; 8-cell, 33%, 16-cell, 33%; p less than 0.30),
      whereas nuclear transfer embryos cultured in vivo developed to the morula or
      blastocyst stage (2- to 8-cell, 11.7%; 9- to 16-cell, 16.0%; 17- to 32-cell,
      8.3%; p greater than 0.30) after 4 or 5 days. Freshly ovulated oocytes (collected
      36 h after the onset of estrus), when used as recipients, resulted in
      morula/blastocyst-stage embryos more often than in vitro-matured oocytes or in
      vivo-matured oocytes collected 48 h after the onset of estrus (20% vs. 7.8% and
      6.7%, respectively; p less than 0.02). After in vivo culture, nuclear transfer
      embryos were mounted and fixed or transferred nonsurgically to the uteri of 6- to
      8-day postestrus heifers. Seven pregnancies resulted from the transfer of 19
      embryos into 13 heifers; 2 heifers completed pregnancy with the birth of live
      calves.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3689853
TI  - Reproductive responses to variation in temperature and food supply by house mice:
      II. Lactation.
AB  - Lactating HS/Ibg house mice housed at 21 degrees C and 5 degrees C were assigned
      to 3 feeding regimes: ad libitum, daily rations of 80% of ad libitum, or 60% of
      ad libitum beginning on the day that they bore litters. Significant interaction
      between temperature and food restriction was found for litter survivorship, pup
      survivorship, litter size, female body weight, and cumulative biomass production.
      The interaction was due to a magnification of the effects of food restriction at
      the colder temperature: i.e. mice fed ad libitum were similar at the two
      temperatures, mice fed the 80% ration differed, and mice fed the 60% ration
      differed to a greater extent. The dominant response to food restriction was
      cannibalism by females, which might be associated with the rate of loss in body
      weight by the female on the days preceding cannibalism of one or more pups.
      Incidents of cannibalism tended to involve a limited number of pups and to be
      repeated until a sustainable litter size was reached. In 3 of the food-restricted
      treatments, females weaned relatively large litters of relatively small pups, but
      in the most severe treatment (in the group fed the 60% ration at 5 degrees C),
      the females weaned small litters of large pups. The patterns of cannibalism and
      variable relative investment in individual pups reflect the aggressive breeding
      strategy of this classic colonizing species.

PMID- 3689855
TI  - The basic proteins of bovine allantoic fluid.
AB  - This paper reports the separation of highly cationic proteins (i.e. pI greater
      than 9.0) of bovine allantoic fluid and their possible pathogenic properties.
      Experimentally, polycations and cationic proteins of pI greater than 10 induced
      intravascular coagulation and hemolysis, as well as precipitation of fibrinogen
      and proteinuria. Bovine allantoic fluid collected at the time of calving contains
      from 0.6 to 1.3 g of proteins per liter (11 samples). Ion-exchange
      chromatography, followed by either chromatofocusing or heparin-sepharose-6 beta
      binding, and, finally, gel filtration separated several fractions and
      subfractions. These were examined later using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, and at least ten constituents were
      visualized. Two components, Mr 34,000, pI 9.7, and Mr 38,000, pI 9.6-9.0,
      accounted for 33% of the basic proteins present in allantoic fluid and 0.7% of
      its total protein content. Electrophoretic mobility was unaltered by beta
      mercaptoethanol, and periodic acid-Schiff staining was negative. These proteins
      were not found in ox plasma. The major basic proteins were bound to red cells and
      platelets. Cell electrophoretic mobility decreased linearly with the logarithm of
      protein concentration. At concentrations between 10(-6) and 10(-5) M, red cell
      clumping was rare; hemolysis and platelet agglutination were not observed.

PMID- 3689856
TI  - Changes in epididymal protein synthesis during the sexual cycle of the lizard,
      Lacerta vivipara.
AB  - During its annual cycle, the lizard epididymis undergoes strong modifications of
      the secretory epithelium. These modifications previously were classified into 10
      stages. The present study gives the biochemical basis of these modifications.
      Several parameters, such as the quantity of soluble proteins, rates of protein
      synthesis, and electrophoretic profiles of newly synthesized proteins and of in
      vitro RNA translation products were compared at 8 stages. Two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis of newly synthesized tissue proteins showed that the synthesis of
      about 20 proteins fluctuated during the cycle. Furthermore, it revealed that the
      protein band L of molecular weight 19,000 identified in one-dimensional (1-D)
      electrophoresis was composed of at least 10 proteins. Their rate of synthesis
      paralleled the concentrations of their mRNA evaluated with in vitro translation.
      This could indicate that in this system protein synthesis is regulated by mRNA
      concentrations. The present analysis has confirmed that 4 different phases
      characterize the annual evolution of the lizard epididymis: regeneration, onset
      of secretory activity, hypersecretion and involution. Well-defined, newly
      synthesized proteins would characterize some of these phases, and could be used
      as markers for future detailed analysis of epididymis control.

PMID- 3689857
TI  - Ultrastructural, fertility, and spermicidal studies with isomers and derivatives
      of gossypol in male hamsters.
AB  - The effects of fourteen new, orally administered synthetic analogs of gossypol on
      testicular ultrastructure and fertility in hamsters and the spermicidal
      properties of these compounds, as well as of the optical isomers of gossypol
      against hamster and human sperm in vitro, are reported in this study. Test
      compounds were administered to adult male hamsters by daily gavage for 9 weeks at
      doses ranging from 15 to 50 mg/kg. The results of this study have demonstrated
      that the fourteen new gossypol analogs evaluated herein are not effective as male
      antifertility agents and their in vitro activity or lack of activity as
      spermicides is unrelated to their in vivo contraceptive potential. In addition,
      the results of the study suggest that (1) the isopropyl moiety of the gossypol
      molecule, like the aldehyde group, is essential for its mechanism of action and
      (2) the pathognomonic defect in the mitochondrial sheath induced by gossypol
      appears to be related to its unique activity as a male antifertility agent. The
      significance of these findings is discussed.

PMID- 3689858
TI  - Cellular localization and age-dependent changes in mRNA for cyclic adenosine
      3',5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinases in rat testis.
AB  - Gonadotropin activation of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent
      protein kinases plays an important role in the regulation of testicular function.
      This study was undertaken to establish the expression of various subunits of cAMP
      dependent protein kinases in different testicular cell types as well as during
      sexual maturation. RNA was extracted from cultured Sertoli cells, cultured
      peritubular cells, germ cells (pachytene spermatocytes, round spermatids), tumor
      Leydig cells, as well as whole testis from rats of various ages. Messenger RNA
      levels were studied by Northern analysis using available cDNA probes. The
      regulatory subunit (R) designated RII51 was found to be predominantly expressed
      in cAMP-stimulated Sertoli cells and tumor Leydig cells. Much lower levels were
      found in cultured peritubular cells and germ cells. A 2.9- and 3.2-kb mRNA for
      the RI subunit were found at about similar levels in all cell types, whereas the
      smaller 1.7-kb mRNA was expressed in high levels in germ cells. Also, the
      catalytic subunit (C) of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, designated C alpha, was
      expressed in all cell types; the highest mRNA levels for this subunit were found
      in germ cells and in tumor Leydig cells. The 1.7-kb mRNA for androgen-binding
      protein (ABP) was abundant in cAMP-stimulated Sertoli cells and was not present
      in other cell types of the testis. Furthermore, the cellular localization of the
      cAMP-dependent protein kinase subunits was also supported by developmental
      studies. The mRNA level of the RII51 3.2-kb species was relatively constant until
      Day 30, after which there was a tendency to decrease. A 1.6-kb message first
      appeared at greater ages. The mRNA for the smaller 1.7-kb species of RI, as well
      as the C alpha, showed a significant increase during development, supporting an
      enrichment of these mRNAs in germ cells. Messenger RNA levels for ABP were not
      detected in testis from 5- to 10-day-old rats but increased up to Day 30. After
      this age, mRNA for ABP revealed an age-dependent decrease, which parallels the
      relative increase of germ cells in the testis. In summary, these results
      demonstrate a clear pattern of cellular localization of the various mRNA species
      for subunits of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase in the rat testis.

PMID- 3689859
TI  - Zygote viability in gene transfer experiments.
AB  - To learn why some zygotes remain viable after gene transfer while others lyse, we
      injected DNA into fertilized eggs and compared those that lysed within 1 h of
      injection with others that retained a normal appearance. Using scanning electron
      microscopy, we found open holes on the surface of lysed eggs, indicating failure
      of the plasma membrane to reseal after microinjection. No holes were seen in
      unlysed eggs, but many of them had membrane alterations suggestive of healed
      punctures. We also examined aspects of the gene transfer procedure that might
      influence survival such as the size of injection pipettes and their taper
      relative to zygote diameter, possible toxicity of the injection medium, the
      timing of injection, and immediate vs. delayed pipette withdrawal. The only
      factors that significantly affected cell viability were pipette size and taper,
      and timing of injection in relation to first cleavage. This suggests that zygote
      viability correlates inversely with the size of the hole produced by the
      injection pipette and that damage to the membrane is less successfully repaired
      as the fertilized egg readies itself for division.

PMID- 3689860
TI  - Identification of heritable spermatozoal degeneration within the ductus deferens
      of the chicken (Gallus domesticus).
AB  - Low-fertility (LF) roosters were identified within a line of Delaware chickens.
      However, LF could be overcome by frequent insemination. Electron microscopy
      revealed numerous degenerate spermatozoa in LF Delaware semen. Therefore, LF was
      attributed to suboptimal numbers of functional spermatozoa within the oviduct.
      Spermatozoal degeneration was not induced (p greater than 0.05) when Leghorn
      spermatozoa were incubated with Delaware seminal plasma. Ejaculates from F1
      roosters were screened for spermatozoal degeneration via uptake of ethidium
      bromide. Roosters were categorized as producing few, 4 +/- 1% (mean +/- SEM), or
      numerous, 43 +/- 6%, degenerate spermatozoa. Only roosters within the latter
      group were characterized by LF (p less than 0.001). When such F1 and F2 roosters
      were ejaculated daily for 5 days, the percentage of degenerate spermatozoa
      decreased to less than or equal to 5%. Low fertility was not observed (p greater
      than 0.05) with such semen from F2 roosters. When these roosters had resumed
      ejaculating numerous degenerate spermatozoa after a period of sexual rest, 3
      representative roosters were killed. Each ductus deferens was subdivided into 9
      sections, and spermatozoal integrity was determined for semen from each section.
      Degeneration commenced in the mid-ductus deferens and progressively increased
      towards the receptaculum. Thus, a genetic defect resulting in a shortened
      functional life of the spermatozoon within the ductus deferens has been
      identified.

PMID- 3689861
TI  - Synthesis and release of polypeptides by the baboon (Papio anubis) uterine
      endometrium in culture.
AB  - This study was designed to identify proteins released in culture by the baboon
      uterine endometrium. Endometrial tissues from cyclic baboons were minced and
      cultured in the presence of L-[3H]leucine or L-[35S]methionine for 24 h. The
      culture media and solubilized tissues were analyzed by one- and two-dimensional
      gel electrophoresis for secretory products that were uterine-specific. The
      fluorographs of the one- and two-dimensional gels demonstrated that the proteins
      released into culture media could be divided into two groups. Group I proteins
      were present throughout the menstrual cycle and showed minor cyclic variations in
      intensity, and Group II proteins were those that appeared to be hormonally
      modulated. Group I was comprised of several high molecular weight proteins (Mr
      greater than 200,000) and at least five additional proteins ranging in molecular
      weight from 80,000 to 37,000, with isoelectric points (pIs) of 5.1 to 6.0. Group
      II consisted of a protein (Mr 33,000; pI 7.6) that was observed only during the
      follicular stages of the cycle and two other groups of proteins (Mr 130,000 and
      88,000) that were present during the luteal stage. Western blots of tissue
      culture media incubated with antibodies against human placental proteins (PP) and
      prolactin demonstrated that PP4 and PP7 were secreted throughout the cycle while
      PP12, PP16, and prolactin were only present during the luteal stage of the cycle.
      Thus, it appears that the baboon uterine endometrium, like that of the human,
      secretes a wide array of proteins in culture. Our results also suggest that a few
      of these proteins are immunologically similar. Endometrial differentiation during
      the menstrual cycle altered the secretion of some proteins, whereas the synthesis
      of others appeared to be dependent on either estrogen or progesterone and were
      stage-specific.

PMID- 3689863
TI  - Comparison of threshold behaviour on long-term implantation of stimulating
      electrodes in longitudinal and transverse direction to the skeletal muscle.

PMID- 3689862
TI  - Transport of iron and transferrin synthesis by the seminiferous epithelium of the
      rat in vivo.
AB  - The transport of radioactive iron across the seminiferous tubules was analyzed in
      vivo by light-microscope quantitative radioautography. At 5 min after a single
      intratesticular injection of 55Fe-transferrin, a strong labeling of the basal
      aspect of the seminiferous epithelium was observed. Between 30 min and 2 h, the
      labeling on the basal aspect of the seminiferous epithelium decreased. This
      decrease was accompanied by a substantial increase of the radioautographic
      reaction over the cellular elements in the adluminal compartment. These results
      were consistent with the demonstration of 59Fe associated with meiotic
      spermatocytes and differentiating spermatids isolated by velocity sedimentation
      from testes injected with 59Fe-transferrin. Furthermore, after a single
      intratesticular injection of 59Fe-labeled human transferrin, radiolabeled rat
      transferrin was immunoprecipitated from homogenates of isolated tubules with a
      specific antibody and appeared as a single radioactive band on fluorographs of
      urea/polyacrylamide gels. Similarly, 59Fe-labeled rat transferrin but not 125I
      transferrin was immunoprecipitated from rete testis fluids of testes infused with
      either 59Fe- or 125I-labeled human transferrin. Finally, the synthesis of
      testicular transferrin in vivo was demonstrated in fluorographs of
      immunoprecipitated transferrin after an intratesticular injection of 35S
      methionine in rats whose livers were excluded from the general circulation by
      ligation of both the hepatic artery and the portal vein. Thus, our results
      demonstrated a unidirectional system of iron transport from the basal compartment
      of the seminiferous epithelium to the germ cells in the adluminal compartment
      involving two distinct transferrins, i.e., a serum transferrin and a testicular
      transferrin synthesized by the seminiferous epithelium.

PMID- 3689864
TI  - Application of an optimal filter to the fast Fourier transform deconvolution
      problem for on-line analysis of pairs of transpulmonary indicator dilution
      curves.

PMID- 3689865
TI  - [Communication requirements in acute care medicine].

PMID- 3689866
TI  - [Special treadmill for the investigation of standing and walking in research and
      in clinical medicine].

PMID- 3689867
TI  - Origin of calcium-induced minimum in bulk compressional modulus of lipid
      membranes. Configurational entropy of adsorbed Ca2+.
AB  - Addition of Ca2+ to a dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine lamellar system decreases
      the bulk compressional modulus (increases compressibility) of the membrane (S.
      Aruga, R. Kataoka and S. Mitaku, Biophys. Chem. 21 (1985) 265). The bulk modulus
      was reported to show a minimum value at 10 mM Ca2+ within the temperature range
      20-45 degrees C. In the present report, the occurrence of this minimum in the
      bulk modulus is explained quantitatively as a result of fluctuation in the number
      of Ca2+ adsorbed onto the lipid bilayer surface. From this theory, the change in
      apparent molal volume of Ca2+ upon surface adsorption is estimated to be 5.7 cm3
      mol-1, which appears to be a reasonable value. The number of adsorbed Ca2+ at the
      concentration where the bulk modulus assumes the minimum value is half of the
      number of allowable adsorption sites on lipid membranes. The configurational
      entropy of the adsorbed Ca2+ attains a maximum at the minimum point.

PMID- 3689868
TI  - Variation of efficiency with free-energy dissipation in models of biological
      energy transduction.
AB  - For two models of biological free-energy transducers, it is investigated how free
      energy dissipation and efficiency vary as (i) the demand for output free energy,
      (ii) the input free energy or (iii) the properties of the transducers themselves,
      are varied. One model is representative of near-equilibrium free-energy
      transducers in general, the other is a special case of far-from-equilibrium free
      energy transduction, reminiscent of proton pumping by bacteriorhodopsin. It turns
      out that the relationship between efficiency and free-energy dissipation depends
      strongly on what varies. In some cases, free-energy dissipation increases as the
      efficiency increases. It is suggested that this is one reason why biological
      evolution has not resulted in high efficiencies and low rates of free-energy
      dissipation. For the near-equilibrium free-energy transducer, the free-energy
      dissipation at the static head steady state is minimal with respect to variations
      in the output force. For the far-from-equilibrium model (of bacteriorhodopsin),
      the static head does not correspond to such a minimum, if that free-energy
      transducer slips.

PMID- 3689869
TI  - Analysis of fluorescence decay kinetics measured in the frequency domain using
      distributions of decay times.
AB  - We describe the theoretical and practical aspects of analyzing complex
      fluorescence decay kinetics using continuous distributions of decay times. Our
      analysis uses frequency-domain data, provides for global analysis of multiple
      data sets and includes the possibility of excited-state processes. Simulated data
      were used to estimate the types of distributions which can be reasonably
      recovered from the measurements. Additionally, we describe a variety of
      distributions recovered from experimental data. For mixtures of one, two or three
      exponentially decaying fluorophores we recovered narrow lifetime distributions,
      which are essentially identical to a multiexponential decay. Similarly, a two
      state excited-state reaction also yielded a narrow distribution with negative
      preexponential factors. The presence of time-dependent spectral relaxation of
      labeled lipids results in a wide distribution of decay times, which becomes
      narrower for faster relaxation rates at higher temperatures. Hence, the decay
      time distributions appear to be sensitive to the dynamics of the environment
      surrounding the fluorophore. Additionally, distributions of decay times were
      observed to result from transient effects in collisional quenching, from energy
      transfer in the presence of a range of donor-to-acceptor distances, and for
      several single-tryptophan proteins.

PMID- 3689871
TI  - Time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy for systems with lifetime and dynamic
      heterogeneity.
AB  - The time dependence of the fluorescence anisotropy expected when a fluorophore
      exists in distinct environments having different fluorescence decay and motional
      behavior is illustrated by simulation calculations. A wide range of behavior is
      observed. The analysis of such decays in terms of the underlying physical
      parameters is also illustrated and discussed. In particular, the analysis of
      'associated' heterogeneous behavior using a homogeneous environment model with
      complex motional behavior is evaluated. It is argued that anisotropy decays that
      exhibit a high initial anisotropy and that rise at long times must be due to a
      heterogeneous environment. Anisotropic rotor diffusion cannot give rise to
      behavior of this type. A similar conclusion is reached for anisotropies that
      exhibit downward curvature. On the other hand, anisotropy decays that are
      monotonically decreasing and have a positive second derivative at all times
      cannot be analyzed in a unique fashion and therefore an ambiguity exists in the
      interpretation of such data in terms of motional behavior.

PMID- 3689870
TI  - The interaction of the histone H1-related protein phi 0 with chromatin.
AB  - Protein phi 0 is a unique protein which is present in the sperm of the sea
      cucumber, Holothuria tubulosa. It associates with histones, but its physiological
      role is unknown. From its amino acid composition and sequence, protein phi 0 can
      be considered as an H1-related protein. In this paper, we have studied its
      interaction with chicken erythrocyte chromatin particles of different complexity,
      from core particles to polynucleosomes. Addition of protein phi 0 results in
      marked chromatin insolubilization. The higher the molecular weight of the
      chromatin fragment, the lower is the phi 0/nucleosome molar ratio at which
      precipitation occurs, so that complete insolubilization of polynucleosomes is
      achieved at a phi 0/nucleosome molar ratio which is identical to that found in
      mature H. tubulosa spermatozoa. We have also found that the interaction of
      protein phi 0 with chromatin is cooperative. These findings contribute to
      clarification of the peculiar physico-chemical properties shown by H. tubulosa
      sperm chromatin and the role played by the phi 0 protein.

PMID- 3689872
TI  - Time-dependent ligand current into a single cell performing chemoreception.
AB  - We determine the ligand current into a single spherical cell which carries a
      large number of receptors on its surface. Initially, this cell is placed into a
      medium which contains ligands at uniform concentration. The time-dependent ligand
      distribution is calculated, from which the time-dependent ligand current into the
      cell is derived. If the ligand concentration is kept constant at distances
      comparable to the radius of the cell the stationary state sets in at times
      comparable to the T1 necessary for ligands to travel a distance of the order of
      the radius of the cell. If the ligand concentration is kept constant at infinity
      the stationary state sets in at a time which is about 1000T1 for typical values
      of the parameters.

PMID- 3689874
TI  - Protein stability curves.

PMID- 3689873
TI  - Fluorescence lifetime and spectral study of the acid expansion of bovine serum
      albumin.
AB  - The fluorescence lifetimes of the tryptophan residues of bovine serum albumin
      were measured in the native and acid-expanded conformation. A three-exponential
      process is required to fit the fluorescence decay data. The results are
      interpreted empirically in terms of two emitting species. The emission at longer
      wavelength (360 nm) has slower rates of decay than that at shorter wavelength
      (325 nm). For both emitting species the average lifetime decreases when the N-F
      transition occurs and shortens further when the protein expands. Rotational
      correlation times, derived from the decay of the fluorescence anisotropy of the
      tryptophan residues, suggest that longer emission wavelengths are associated with
      somewhat shorter correlation times. There is no certain indication of any
      independent motion of the tryptophans in any conformation, although some very
      fast process, perhaps Raman scattering, appears to occur. On acid expansion the
      long correlation times decrease to around 10 ns in the fully expanded form.
      Static quenching experiments using I- or acrylamide suggest a greater average
      exposure of the tryptophans when the protein is most greatly expanded. This is
      despite the fact that the fluorescence emission maximum shifts to shorter
      wavelength under these conditions. Also, there is no difference in accessibility
      to quenching between the longer and shorter wavelength emissions.

PMID- 3689875
TI  - Vibrational CD studies of the solution conformation of N-urethanyl-L-amino acid
      derivatives.

PMID- 3689876
TI  - Hydration structure and dynamics of B- and Z-DNA in the presence of counterions
      via molecular dynamics simulations.

PMID- 3689877
TI  - Polynucleotide base-pair orientation in solution: linear dichroism and molecular
      mechanical studies of poly[d(A)]-poly[d(T)].

PMID- 3689878
TI  - B-Z DNA junctions are neither highly flexible nor strongly bent.

PMID- 3689879
TI  - Ionic and nonionic contributions to the free-energy change in the B-Z transition
      of alternating polydeoxynucleotides in aqueous solution.

PMID- 3689880
TI  - Isolation of riboflavin carrier proteins from pregnant human and umbilical cord
      serum: similarities with chicken egg riboflavin carrier protein.
AB  - A riboflavin carrier protein has been purified from human pregnancy and umbilical
      cord sera by affinity chromatography and fast protein liquid chromatography. This
      protein has a similar molecular weight to the chicken egg riboflavin carrier
      protein and shares other physicochemical properties, such as pI and riboflavin
      binding characteristics, with the avian counterpart. A high degree of
      immunological cross-reactivity is observed between the human and avian riboflavin
      binding proteins indicating the extensive conservation of this protein throughout
      evolution.

PMID- 3689881
TI  - Ciglitazone is not itself thermogenic but increases the potential for
      thermogenesis in lean mice.
AB  - Chronic dietary administration of the oral hypoglycaemic ciglitazone (3 g/day for
      14-28 days) to lean, non-diabetic CDl mice resulted in increased brown adipose
      tissue mitochondrial GDP binding and a marked increase in the thermic effect of
      the beta-adrenoceptor agonist BRL 26830A. However, ciglitazone was not itself
      thermogenic after an acute dose, nor did it raise resting metabolic rate during
      chronic dietary dosing.

PMID- 3689882
TI  - Hepatic uptake of gluconeogenic substrates in late-pregnant and mid-lactating
      rats.
AB  - Lactate uptake by liver is markedly increased in late-pregnant and mid-lactating
      rats without concomitant changes in its availability. Glycerol contribution to
      the liver 3-C unit uptake is only significant at term gestation (50% of lactate
      uptake) but almost negligible at mid-lactation (10% of lactate uptake). Pyruvate
      is only taken up by the liver of 15-day lactating rats. As a general trend, the
      livers of either pregnant or lactating rats are provided with an enhanced
      capacity to take up gluconeogenic substrates.

PMID- 3689883
TI  - Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier--a possible link between gluconeogenesis and
      ketogenesis in the liver.
AB  - Effects of various ketogenic substrates on gluconeogenesis from lactate or
      alanine were compared. The results suggest that, in intact liver cells,
      cytoplasmic pyruvate is transported into mitochondria in exchange for
      intramitochondrially generated acetoacetate. An interrelationship between
      gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis may thus exist in the liver at the level of
      mitochondrial pyruvate carrier.

PMID- 3689884
TI  - Neutral mutations and repetitive DNA.
AB  - We have previously shown that computer simulations of processes that generate
      selectively advantageous changes together with random duplications and deletions
      give rise to genomes with many different genes embedded in a large amount of
      dispensable DNA sequence. We now explore the consequences of neutral changes on
      the evolution of genomes. We follow the consequences of sequence divergences that
      are neutral when they occur in dispensable sequences or extra copies of genes
      present in multigene families. We find that when divergence occurs at about the
      same frequency as duplication/deletion events, genomes carry repetitive sequences
      in proportion to their size. Inspection of the genomes as they evolved showed
      that multigene families were generated by relatively recent duplications of
      single genes and so would be expected to be highly homogeneous.

PMID- 3689885
TI  - Switching mechanism of a cyclic enzyme system: role as a "chemical diode".
AB  - We previously showed with computer simulations that cyclic enzyme systems play a
      role in metabolic switching events. In the present study, the detailed switching
      mechanism was investigated by clarifying the relationship between the switching
      mode and the phase-difference of two sinusoidal inputs to the cyclic enzyme
      system. The switching time could be predicted theoretically. Half-wave and full
      wave rectifications were observed when the phase-difference of two sinusoidal
      inputs is equal to pi. This result indicates the possibility that this cyclic
      enzyme system is available for use as a switching circuit (biochip) in a bio
      computer.

PMID- 3689886
TI  - Growth of bacteria with dimorphic vegetative cell cycles.
AB  - A mathematical model of the growth of bacteria with dimorphic cell cycles is
      described. In these bacteria motile swarmer cells differentiate to stalked
      reproductive cells and the proportions of these cell types change in a
      characteristic fashion during growth. The selection of parameters to fit the
      model to experimental data can result in the elucidation of the factors
      controlling the differentiation of swarmer cells.

PMID- 3689887
TI  - The potential for community level evaluations based on loop analysis.
AB  - In this paper we present results obtained with a computer simulation in which a
      community, described by Levins in his presentation of loop analysis (Levins, R.,
      1975, Evolution in communities near equilibrium, in: Ecology and Evolution of
      Communities, M.L. Cody and J.M. Diamond (eds) (Harvard University Press,
      Cambridge, Mass.) pp. 16-50), is analysed. We show how our simulation accurately
      reproduces Levins' calculations and further, (i) how our simulation can be used
      to answer questions raised by Levins but never answered, (ii) how the simulation
      can be used to dissect a community in order to analyse the roles played by the
      various entities, and (iii) how predictions relating to the evolution of this
      community, proposed by Levins, can be analysed with some interesting and
      unexpected results. In particular, it becomes clear that discussion of the type
      of selection that may take place needs to be done in the framework of the
      community in which it occurs.

PMID- 3689888
TI  - Synchronized sexuality of an algal symbiont and its dinoflagellate host,
      Peridinium balticum (Levander) Lemmermann.
AB  - We report synchronized sexual reproduction between the chlorophyll c-containing
      algal endosymbiont and its dinoflagellate host in Peridinium balticum
      (Pyrrhophyta). This organism's importance lies in that it may represent an
      intermediate between primitive non-photosynthetic and advanced photosynthetic
      dinoflagellates. Fusion of the endosymbionts and their nuclei occurred
      concomitantly with syngamy of the host gametes. Significant morphological
      changes, including condensation of chromatin and crystalline rod formation,
      occurred in the symbiont nucleus during zygote development. These observations
      provide evidence that the endosymbiotic nucleus is not passive in sexual
      processes, as opposed to its reported passive state during mitosis. P. balticum
      may not only represent an intermediate in the evolution of chloroplast
      acquisition by dinoflagellates, but also, an intermediate in the evolution of the
      peridinian dinoflagellate sexual life history.

PMID- 3689889
TI  - Thalassemia: pathophysiology and management. Part A. Proceedings of the
      International Conference on Thalassemia. Bangkok, Thailand, June 30-July 3, 1985.

PMID- 3689890
TI  - Beta-thalassemia mutations in Sicily.

PMID- 3689891
TI  - Molecular characterization of thalassemia intermedia in Italy.

PMID- 3689892
TI  - Molecular cloning of a gene coding for abundant transcript in red blood cells of
      the anemic rat.

PMID- 3689893
TI  - Pathophysiology of thalassemia: selected remarks.

PMID- 3689894
TI  - Unbalanced globin synthesis in bone marrow of beta-thalassemia heterozygotes.
AB  - Globin-chain synthesis was studied in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of
      eight beta-thalassemia heterozygotes. Whole cell globin was prepared immediately
      after the labeling experiment. Chain separation of the bone marrow globin of each
      case was carried out with both the original material and after filtration on
      Sephadex G 100. The beta/alpha ratios obtained were (mean +/- SD): 0.46 +/- 0.05
      in the peripheral blood, 0.61 +/- 0.06 in the unfiltered bone marrow globin, and
      0.52 +/- 0.05 in the bone marrow globin after gel filtration. The results show
      that beta-thalassemia heterozygotes have a similar beta-chain deficiency in
      reticulocytes and bone marrow cells, provided whole cell globin is used, which
      avoids the removal of free alpha-chains.

PMID- 3689896
TI  - A scanning electron microscopic study of red cells of thalassemic patients.

PMID- 3689895
TI  - Altered structure of spectrin in the two types of hemoglobin H disease.

PMID- 3689897
TI  - Application of a discriminant function distinguishing iron deficiency anemia and
      heterozygous beta-thalassemia from other genetic abnormalities.

PMID- 3689898
TI  - Volumetric glycerol lysis test using blood cell counter for thalassemia
      screening.

PMID- 3689899
TI  - Red cell osmotic fragility by fragiligraphic study in normal, thalassemic, and
      hemoglobin E patients.

PMID- 3689900
TI  - Oxidative stress and antioxidative enzymes in hemoglobin H disease.

PMID- 3689901
TI  - Oxidative stress and antioxidants in beta-thalassemia/hemoglobin E.

PMID- 3689902
TI  - Relationship of serum vitamin E, erythrocyte nonheme iron, and malonyldialdehyde
      (lipid membrane peroxidation product) in thalassemia.

PMID- 3689903
TI  - Effects of toluene and storage on the amount of Hb H.

PMID- 3689904
TI  - Rheologic behavior of thalassemic blood and clinical implications.

PMID- 3689905
TI  - Variable severity of Southeast Asian beta 0-thalassemia/Hb E disease.

PMID- 3689906
TI  - Double heterozygosity for hemoglobin E and a Lepore-type hemoglobin found in a
      Thai woman.

PMID- 3689907
TI  - Clinical profile of thalassemia syndromes in India.

PMID- 3689908
TI  - Clinical and biochemical study of thalassemia intermedia in Campania (southern
      Italy).

PMID- 3689909
TI  - Clinical features of thalassemia intermedia in Italy.

PMID- 3689910
TI  - Beta-thalassemia intermedia in Apulia (southern Italy).

PMID- 3689911
TI  - Heterogeneity and origins of the alpha-thalassemias.
AB  - The alpha-globin gene cluster is far from static. It shows remarkable diversity
      within and among populations, both in gene number and in the pattern of
      polymorphisms involving the hypervariable regions. The deletions that have given
      rise to alpha(0)-thalassemia appear to have resulted from rare genetic events,
      and the affected chromosomes have been distributed among localized populations by
      selection. On the other hand, the deletions that have given rise to at least one
      of the alpha(+)-thalassemias seem to have occurred on multiple occasions in
      different populations. The genesis of this condition, the most common single gene
      disorder, may reflect the concerted evolution of the alpha-globin genes, and the
      alpha(+)-thalassemias may have arisen as a by-product of this evolutionary
      process. The existence of such a polymorphic gene family and the fact that its
      mutations are the most common single gene disorders in man provide us with a
      remarkable, natural model for studying population genetics at the molecular
      level. Further analysis of this cluster may provide valuable information about
      the timing of racial diversions, population movements, and the molecular events
      that have helped to maintain such high gene frequencies for some of the mutations
      of these loci.

PMID- 3689913
TI  - Genotypes of alpha-thalassemia in the Chinese.

PMID- 3689912
TI  - Differences between two types of Hb H disease, alpha-thalassemia 1/alpha
      thalassemia 2 and alpha-thalassemia 1/Hb constant spring.

PMID- 3689914
TI  - Clinical and hematologic manifestations of AE Bart disease.

PMID- 3689915
TI  - Hemoglobin Bart disease without hydrops manifestation.

PMID- 3689916
TI  - Interaction of alpha-thalassemia with other hemoglobinopathies in the eastern
      province of Saudi Arabia.

PMID- 3689918
TI  - Studies of pulmonary function and arterial blood gases in thalassemic children.

PMID- 3689917
TI  - Cardiac study in thalassemic children.
AB  - Cardiac function was studied in 54 thalassemic children, aged 3 to 18 years.
      Abnormalities were found by echocardiography in 58%, by electrocardiography in
      15%, and by chest film cardiomegaly in 24%. There was a correlation between the
      severity of anemia and the degree of cardiomegaly.

PMID- 3689919
TI  - Lung function tests in splenectomized beta-thalassemia/Hb E patients.
AB  - Pulmonary function tests were performed on 30 patients with beta-thalassemia/Hb
      E. Only one patient had normal pulmonary function. Arterial hypoxemia at rest was
      present in 22 of 30 patients (73.3%). Abnormal VC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and end tidal
      FEV1 were found in 29 (96.7%), 17 (56.7%), 6 (20.0%), and 17 (56.7%) patients,
      respectively. Single-breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity was abnormal in
      one out of 11 patients (9.1%). These results suggest the presence of abnormal
      ventilatory function included restrictive, obstructive, and combined defects. The
      hypoxemia in thalassemia was probably due to ventilation/perfusion mismatch and a
      diffusion defect.

PMID- 3689920
TI  - Lung perfusion in thalassemia.

PMID- 3689921
TI  - Distribution of pulmonary thromboembolic lesions in thalassemic patients.

PMID- 3689922
TI  - Studies of cardiopulmonary and platelet function in thalassemic children.

PMID- 3689924
TI  - Circulating platelet aggregates and plasma vitamin E levels in beta-thalassemic
      children.

PMID- 3689923
TI  - Platelet function tests in thalassemic children.
AB  - Platelet changes in thalassemia included prolongation of bleeding time (30%),
      thrombocytosis (29%), decreased platelet retention (79%), and normal PF3 release.
      Platelet aggregation was found to be hyperaggregation in 50%, normal in 22%, and
      hypoaggregation in 28% of the studied patients. Platelet changes in thalassemia
      can be hyper-, normal, or hypofunction. The changes are likely to be related to
      many factors, particularly to the progress of the disease. Platelet
      hypoaggregation may lead to a bleeding problem. Platelet hyperaggregation and
      thrombocytosis were prominent in the splenectomized patients and/or the severely
      anemic group; antiplatelet drugs may be indicated in these patients.

PMID- 3689925
TI  - Patients with thalassemia develop osteoporosis, osteomalacia, and
      hypoparathyroidism, all of which are corrected by transfusion.

PMID- 3689926
TI  - Radiographic abnormalities of ribs in beta-thalassemic children.

PMID- 3689927
TI  - Cephalometric radiography in thalassemic patients.

PMID- 3689928
TI  - Occlusion of the teeth in thalassemic patients.

PMID- 3689929
TI  - Alpha-thalassemia in blacks: interactions with the sickle hemoglobin gene.

PMID- 3689930
TI  - Blood transfusions for the prevention of bone deformities in thalassemia
      intermedia.

PMID- 3689931
TI  - Growth and development in patients with homozygous beta-thalassemia in Hong Kong.

PMID- 3689932
TI  - Endocrine correlates of adrenal and testicular function with circulating ferritin
      plasma levels in adult thalassemic patients.

PMID- 3689933
TI  - Hyperlipidemia associated with beta-thalassemia major.

PMID- 3689934
TI  - Zinc deficiency in beta-thalassemic children.

PMID- 3689935
TI  - RBC survival, zinc deficiency, and efficacy of zinc therapy in sickle cell
      disease.

PMID- 3689936
TI  - Alpha-thalassemia gene contributes to the selection of the beta s-gene.

PMID- 3689937
TI  - Deaths in beta-thalassemia/Hb E patients secondary to infections.

PMID- 3689938
TI  - Morbidity pattern in Hb E-thalassemia disease.

PMID- 3689939
TI  - Infection in thalassemia: a retrospective study of 1,018 patients with beta
      thalassemia/Hb E disease.

PMID- 3689940
TI  - A study of infective episodes in patients with beta-thalassemia/Hb E disease in
      Thailand.

PMID- 3689941
TI  - Severe infection in thalassemia: a prospective study.

PMID- 3689943
TI  - Serum of thalassemic patients promotes growth of streptococci.

PMID- 3689942
TI  - Antibody response in beta-thalassemia/Hb E disease, hemoglobin H patients, and
      nonthalassemics with enteric fever.

PMID- 3689944
TI  - Immunologic status of Hb E-thalassemia patients.

PMID- 3689945
TI  - Transfusion-related immunologic abnormalities in beta-thalassemia major.

PMID- 3689947
TI  - Molecular basis of beta-thalassemia in Thailand.

PMID- 3689946
TI  - Beta-thalassemia syndromes.
AB  - In summary, the beta-thalassemias are due to defects in or around the structural
      beta-globin gene. In some Indian patients, there is deletion of sequence at the
      3' end of the beta-globin gene. Most commonly, single nucleotide mutations cause
      beta(+)- and beta(0) -thalassemia. More than 30 such mutations have been
      identified. Defects in the promoter region 5' to the gene as far 5' as -87 and
      closer to the gene at -27 and -28 in the ATA sequence can cause beta (+)
      thalassemia. Single nucleotide changes in coding regions leading to termination
      or nonsense codons commonly cause beta (0)-thalassemia. In addition, beta(0)
      thalassemia can be due to single nucleotide changes in the invariant GT at the 5'
      splice junction in IVS 1 and 2 and in the AG at the 3' end of IVS 2.
      Additionally, single nucleotide mutations can occur within IVS that result in
      both beta(+)- and beta(0)-thalassemia. New splice sites are usually the result of
      these single nucleotide mutations, and they lead to new, abnormal splicing
      patterns. In some instances, beta (+)-thalassemia results when a new splice
      signal created within IVS is still associated with some continued normal splicing
      as well as with abnormal splicing. The abnormal splicing leads to abnormal mRNA,
      while the normal splicing leads to some normal mRNA and the beta (+)-pheno-single
      In other cases, such as with the defect as position 705 of IVS 2, the single
      nucleotide change within the IVS allows only abnormal mRNA splicing, and it
      results in beta (0)-thalassemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3689948
TI  - Multiple origins of the beta-thalassemia gene with a four-nucleotide deletion in
      its second exon.

PMID- 3689949
TI  - DNA polymorphisms of beta N- and beta E-globin genes in Thais.

PMID- 3689950
TI  - [Seasonal and circadian fluctuations of the biochemical indices of the blood in
      mice].
AB  - Seasonal (in January, April, July, October) changes of aspartate aminotransferase
      (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), protein, bilirubin, glucose, cholesterol,
      creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, Cl-, K+, Na+ content were studied in the blood
      plasma of mice at different time of day (6 p. m., midnight, 6 a. m., midday). The
      analysis of the average daily indices has shown that the most expressed
      variations were the following: AST (spring maximum is 3.7 times higher than
      autumn minimum), ALT (winter maximum is 2.9 times higher than autumn minimum),
      creatinine (summer maximum is 2.5 times higher than winter minimum), blood urea
      nitrogen (summer maximum is 2.5 times higher than autumn minimum). Bilirubin and
      protein content in spring is insignificant, but it is significantly higher than
      in other seasons. Cholesterol content is lower in winter. No differences in
      glucose, Cl-, K+, Na+ content in different months have been revealed. The largest
      circadian synchronization was observed in winter in AST, glucose, cholesterol,
      protein, Cl-, K+, Na+ (the level observed at 6 p. m. and at midday is higher than
      that observed at midnight and 6 a. m.) and in autumn in AST, ALT, glucose,
      cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, with the circadian curves inverse as compared
      to the winter period. In spring practically no circadian synchronization was
      observed.

PMID- 3689951
TI  - [Mathematical modeling of protein loss during prolonged blood loss].
AB  - The dependence of protein losses on the initial condition and experimental
      conditions were studied in dogs on a model of repeated bloodletting. Various
      animals have an intensive increase in this value in the beginning and a gradual
      decrease at later stages. Four mathematical models adequately describing changes
      in losses depending on the number of bloodlettings and duration of arterial
      pressure compensation phase have been suggested.

PMID- 3689952
TI  - [Age characteristics of the development of a reserpine model of parkinsonism in
      rats].
AB  - The studies were performed on 9-month- and 26-month-old rats. Electrodes were
      implanted into the nucleus caudatus, globus pallidus and substantia nigra. It has
      been found that with ageing the greatest decrease in the background electrical
      activity was found in n. caudatus and the least in globus pallidus. Old rats
      showed the signs of relative extrapyramidal insufficiency, i. e. hypokinesia and
      enhanced tremor. Due to 7-day reserpine administration the adult animals
      developed a marked hypokinesia, while the old rats showed an enhanced tremor. The
      author has found qualitative age-dependent differences in the changes of the
      electrical activity of the structures in question, as well as the interdependence
      between the initial electrical activity of n. caudatus of old rats and their
      death following reserpine administration.

PMID- 3689953
TI  - [Cardiodepressive effect of blood serum in severe forms of purulent infection].
AB  - The effect of human blood serum from patients with purulent infections (sepsis,
      purulent resorptive fever) has been studied on the electrical and mechanical
      activities of isolated auricles of guinea pig. The intracellular resting
      potentials (RP), action potentials (AP) and isometric contractions elicited by
      electrical stimulation (1 Hz) were measured. The patient serum diluted by Tyrode
      solution (1:1) didn't change RP values and AP amplitude but caused a decrease in
      the AP plateau phase duration (P less than less than 0.05). In 75% cases a
      replacement of the healthy donor serum by the serum from patients caused a
      decrease in the contraction amplitude. This cardiodepressive effect was
      reversible: washing of the preparation by the control Tyrode solution or by the
      donor serum restored the normal contractility. These data were compared with
      those obtained in studying the action of staphylococcus alpha-toxin on a
      preparation of guinea pig myocardium]

PMID- 3689954
TI  - [Effect of stress and the antioxidant ionol on the biosynthesis of catecholamines
      and the content of dopamine in the heart and adrenal glands].
AB  - The effects of a synthetic antioxidant ionol (dibunol) on the biosynthesis and
      content of catecholamines in the heart and adrenal glands were studied. It was
      shown that in stress a mobilization of catecholamine reserve is combined with a
      considerable increase in dopamine concentration. In conditions of physiological
      rest, ionol did not affect the studied indices of adrenal catecholamine
      biosynthesis, while in the heart it enhanced the dopamine synthesis and content.
      With ionol administration, stress did not suppress but, on the contrary,
      increased the neuronal uptake and noradrenaline biosynthesis, catecholamine
      concentration remaining practically unchanged. Simultaneously, a manyfold
      increase in the biosynthesis along with a considerable increase in the
      concentration of dopamine developed in both organs. The data obtained suggest
      that ionol realizes its stress-defensive effect to a great extent due to the
      activation of catecholamine biosynthesis and to a concomitant increase in
      dopamine accumulation.

PMID- 3689955
TI  - [Reactions of the adrenal cortex and thyroid gland of hypophysectomized rats to
      hypothermia].
AB  - Male Wistar rats were hypophysectomized 7 days (group 1) and 4-7 weeks (group II)
      before exposure to hypothermia (4 degrees C for 1 1/2 h). The hypophysectomized
      rats from group I were devoid of both the posterior lobe and the adenohypophysis,
      while the rats from group II had the posterior hypophysis but not the
      adenohypophysis regenerated. A decreased arginine-vasopressin (AVP) blood level
      in group I (32%) and a very high level of AVP in group II (311%, P less than
      0.05) was determined by RIA. The exposure to hypothermia did not influence the
      AVP plasma level. The thyroid hypofunction was revealed morphometrically in both
      hypophysectomized groups. Nevertheless, cooling stimulated the thyroid glands in
      rats of both experimental groups, like it was in the control. Thus, there is no
      evidence that thyroid gland reaction to hypothermia is affected by AVP. Cooling
      caused an increase of corticosteroid blood and adrenal cortex content in
      nonoperated control rats as well as in group II, but not in group I of
      experimental animals. Hence, it may be assumed that when the adenohypophysis is
      ablated, a high AVP blood level is necessary to realize the adrenal cortex
      response to hypothermia.

PMID- 3689956
TI  - [Prevention, using alpha-tocopherol and lidocaine, of damage to the monooxygenase
      system activity and ultrastructure of hepatocytes following acute ischemia of the
      liver].
AB  - The experiments on rats have shown that alpha-tocopherol and lidocaine
      pretreatment leads to a decrease in the level of ischemic cell necrosis in the
      liver. The volume of cell necrosis in the liver was significantly decreased (more
      than threefold) in the case of drug pretreatment. The combination of alpha
      tocopherol with lidocaine fully prevented the decrease in N-dimethylation of
      amidopyrine and cytochrome P-450 and b5 concentration, and the development of
      destructive alterations of cytoplasmic reticulum in the unaffected rat
      hepatocytes. alpha-Tocopherol and lidocaine pretreatment was effective for the
      retention of the depression of microsomal monooxygenases by phenobarbital in
      remote periods after acute hepatic ischemia.

PMID- 3689957
TI  - [Antibodies to catecholamines and serotonin during alcoholic intoxication in
      animals with different predispositions to the development of experimental
      alcoholism].
AB  - Experiments on C57Bl/6, CBA and DBA/2 mice characterized by different preferences
      for ethanol have shown that during chronic administration of alcohol to animals
      with natural ethanol motivation (strain C57Bl/6) the level of antibodies to
      catecholamines and serotonin was increased on the 3rd month of ethanol
      intoxication, with the voluntary alcohol consumption in mice decreased by this
      time. On the contrary in mice rejecting alcohol (strains DBA/2, CBA) no
      antibodies to catecholamines and serotonin have been found.

PMID- 3689958
TI  - [Dynamics of nitrite metabolism in the blood of irradiated rats].
AB  - Studies of sodium nitrite metabolism and correlation between NaNO2 metabolism and
      methemoglobin formation in the blood of rats exposed to radiation have been
      carried out. It has been shown that, along with radiation-induced damage of OHb--
      -MHb dynamic system, an increase in NaNO2 uptake rate by the blood is the factor
      causing intensification of methemoglobin formation in irradiated animals.

PMID- 3689959
TI  - [Change in the binding capacity of human serum albumin following its exposure to
      therapeutic doses of UV radiation].
AB  - UV-irradiation (254 nm) of donor blood and the blood of newborn with hemolytic
      disease, using the device for UV-irradiation utilized in Soviet hospitals for
      autotransfusion of UV-irradiated blood, produces a 1.1-2.0-fold increase in the
      binding capacity of serum albumin. The effect is the greater, the lower the
      initial level of serum albumin binding capacity.

PMID- 3689961
TI  - [Physicochemical processes in a photo-excited solution of glycine].
AB  - It has been shown on a photomultiplier (PM) that glycine solution excited with
      quartz lamp of low intensity acquires the ability to produce ultra-weak
      ultraviolet radiation--mitogenetic radiation. The appearance of radiation is
      connected with the process of oxidative deamination of glycine molecules. These
      data confirm the formerly established facts of glycine mitogenetic radiation
      determined by biological detection.

PMID- 3689960
TI  - [Protein synthesis and content of free amino acids in rat organs in experimental
      peritonitis].
AB  - Experiments performed on rats shown that in peritonitis the mass of the animal's
      organs and C14-amino acid incorporation into tissue proteins is reduced. Free
      amino acid content in tissues and serum is increased. Decreased incorporation of
      C14-amino acid into hepatic proteins antecedes the increase of free amino acid
      content in this organ. In the kidneys, spleen and skeletal muscles diminished
      synthesis of proteins and increased protein catabolism occur simultaneously. It
      was shown that during the initial 24 hours of peritonitis the amino acid exchange
      between organs and systemic circulation are disturbed, however, the diminished
      synthesis of tissue proteins is not the result of free amino acid deficiency.

PMID- 3689962
TI  - [N-methylcytisine--a selective ligand of nicotinic receptors of acetylcholine in
      the CNS].
AB  - The ability of cytisine and its N-methyl derivatives to bind to nicotinic
      acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) from different tissues was studied. Cytisine and
      N-methylcytisine have high affinity (KD = 50 nM) to nAChR from squid optical
      ganglia. N,N-dimethylcytisine did not show high affinity to this receptor. In the
      case of nAChR from T. marmorata, cytisine was the only effective inhibitor of 14C
      tubocurarine specific binding (Ki = 700 nM). N-methyl- and N,N-dimethylcytisine
      did not displace 14C-tubocurarine at a concentration of 0.1 mM. The results
      obtained indicate that there are some differences in the structure of nAChR
      binding sites from squid and T. marmorata optical ganglia.

PMID- 3689963
TI  - [Effect of gangliosides on the resistance of mice to the rabies virus].
AB  - The survival of animals has been studied after their infection with a mixture of
      rabies virus and gangliosides isolated from various organs. It has been found
      that virus incubation with a summarized fraction of cerebral gangliosides
      increased considerably the survival of animals. At the same time it was shown
      that gangliosides from cattle spleen and red blood cells taken in the same
      proportions as cerebral gangliosides, do not have any protective effect. The in
      vivo study of the antiviral ganglioside activity has been performed.

PMID- 3689964
TI  - [Specific binding of (+)-3H-SKF 10047 by mouse splenocytes].
AB  - Stereoselective, saturable, reversible and temperature-dependent binding of
      ligand of sigma opioid receptors (+)-3H-SKF 10047 to mouse splenocytes has been
      demonstrated. The estimated Kd value of this interaction (20-100 nM) was similar
      to that of (+)-3H-SKF 10047-sigma receptor complex. The binding capacity was 100
      molecules per cell. A comparatively low affinity, non-stereoselective and
      temperature-independent binding of (+)-3H-SKF 10047 to mouse splenocytes has also
      been found.

PMID- 3689965
TI  - [Effect of myelopeptides on the synthesis of DNA and total protein in the cells
      of the lymphoid organs in the mouse].
AB  - Using double 3H-thymidine/14C-amino acid label, the influence of myelopeptides
      (MP) on chromosomal DNA and total protein (without histones) synthesis has been
      studied in vitro in mouse lymphoid organ cells. It has been shown that MP cause a
      decrease in DNA labelling and a parallel increase in protein labelling in bone
      marrow cells and have practically no effect on these two parameters in thymus,
      lymph node and spleen cells. It has been found that MP have only mitogenic effect
      on the above-mentioned organ cells, but in combination with 2-mercaptoethanol.
      The data obtained show that MP possess the properties of cell-differentiating
      factors.

PMID- 3689966
TI  - [Study of rat pulmonary macrophages as affected by hydrocortisone administration
      and adrenalectomy].
AB  - The blood clearance rate of inert colloidal particles and the number of rat lung
      interstitial phagocytic cells decrease considerably on the 7th day after daily
      subcutaneous hydrocortisone acetate (HC) injection at a dose of 125 mg/kg. The
      number of cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) increases more than 5-fold,
      and the absolute quantity of neutrophils is 66 times higher than in the control.
      Phagocytic and microbicidal activity of HC-treated animal alveolar macrophages
      (AM) decreases. Stimulation with zymosan led only to the recovery of the normal
      parameters of mononuclear phagocytosis system (MPC) and its pulmonary compartment
      activity. The parameters of MPS and AM studied increase on the 7th day after
      bilateral adrenalectomy (AE). The number of BAL cell increases 1.4-fold due to
      the animals' death immediately after intravenous zymosan injection because of
      total hemorrhage. The data obtained testify to the influence of glucocorticoids
      on the composition and activity of bronchoalveolar space cells, which in turn
      determine the resistance of the lung tissue.

PMID- 3689967
TI  - [Dynamics of the endo-DNAase activity of cell nuclei of mouse thymus and spleen
      lymphocytes during the immune response].
AB  - Endo-DNAse (mostly Ca/Mg-dependent endonuclease) activity was studied in extracts
      of lymphocyte cellular nuclei from the spleen and thymus of mice upon their
      immunization with sheep red blood cells. Endo-DNAses were detected by their
      action on super-stranded DNA pBR 322. It has been established that endo-DNAse
      activity considerably changes in the course of immune response. The changes start
      in the early (induction) phase of immune response, are characterized by certain
      regularities and are distinct in thymus and spleen lymphocytes. It is assumed
      that endo-DNAses of lymphocyte cellular nuclei are involved in antigen-dependent
      lymphocyte differentiation.

PMID- 3689969
TI  - [Effect of exogenous fibronectin on the healing of skin wounds as evidenced by
      tensiometric data].
AB  - Fibronectin (FN) solution purified from human blood plasma significantly
      increased the breaking strength of skin wounds in rats, when applied locally
      and/or intravenously. The best effect (more than 2-fold) was revealed after
      combined local and i. v. application of FN. Maximum stimulating activity was
      observed on the 3rd postoperative day, directly indicating the importance of FN
      for the early phases of wound healing. The data suggest the possibility of using
      FN preparations for the stimulation of tissue repair processes.

PMID- 3689968
TI  - [Change in tissue glycogen reserves in tumor bearers as a reflection of a
      hypoglycemic stress syndrome].
AB  - Glycogen content in the brain, liver and skeletal muscles of rats bearing ascite
      Zajdela hepatoma (AZH) and solid 27 hepatoma (27-H) has been studied. Serum
      glucose levels directly correlated with liver glycogen reserves. In the terminal
      stage of tumor growth depletion of liver glycogen was observed, while the stores
      of muscle glycogen did not diminish. Within 1-4 days (AZH) and 15-30 days (27-H)
      after implantation the stores even exceeded those of control healthy rats. In the
      terminal stage, in spite of hypoglycaemia development, the content of brain
      glycogen was significantly elevated in both groups of animals.

PMID- 3689970
TI  - [The opioid component of the effect of the lacrimal glands on wound healing].
AB  - Naloxone partially inhibited skin wound contraction and completely blocked
      acceleration of wound healing in rats with stimulated lacrimal glands. Endorphins
      were detected in lacrimal glands. Alteration of functional activity of the
      lacrimal glands produces a considerable effect on pain sensitivity and endorphin
      blood concentration. Opioid peptides have a considerable effect on the
      functioning of the lacrimal apparatus and are involved in injury-induced
      reactions, regulating pain sensitivity, structural homeostasis and producing an
      anti-stress effect.

PMID- 3689971
TI  - [Extra-lemniscal afferent projections of dorsal spinal cord nuclei to the
      ventrobasal nuclear complex structure in the contralateral optic thalamus].
AB  - It has been found that section of half the midbrain tegmentum in cats failed to
      prevent the afferent somatosensory projections from the foreleg to the
      ventrobasal nuclear complex of the contralateral thalamus. Specific evoked
      responses to the stimulation of the contralateral foreleg were recorded in this
      structure. These specific EP have the same latency as "lemniscal responses" (4-5
      ms) and diminish the amplitude and duration of both components of the responses.
      Simultaneously, we have observed terminal axonal degeneration into the
      ventrobasal nuclear complex of the thalamus 5-7 days after the section of the
      contralateral midbrain tegmentum, using the electron microscopy method. All the
      results obtained indicate that the dorsal column nuclei have extra-lemniscal
      afferent connections with ventrolateral nuclear complex of the contralateral
      thalamus. These connections ascend in the back parts of the brainstem
      ipsilaterally to the corresponding pair of the dorsal column nuclei and rostrally
      to the midbrain on the contralateral side.

PMID- 3689972
TI  - [Protective reaction of the myocardium in poisoning].
AB  - Intensive synthesis of collagen-like substance was revealed in the rabbit
      myocardium during experimental diphtheria intoxication. It was more marked in the
      right ventricle 24 hours after the injection of diphtheria toxin. Since similar
      changes (the substance was mainly formed around blood vessels) have been observed
      in other cases of toxic myocardial alterations (i.e. ethanol intoxication,
      injection of pharmacological agents, etc.), it can be assumed that it is a
      standard protective reaction of the altered heart to the penetration of toxic
      agents from the blood into the myocardial tissue.

PMID- 3689973
TI  - [Electron microscopic and radioautographic study of the bronchi in chronic
      inflammation as affected by helium-neon laser treatment].
AB  - Structural-metabolic changes were studied in 98 biopsies of large bronchial
      mucosa from 39 male patients with chronic suppurative lung diseases. It was shown
      (by the level of DNA and RNA synthesis) that the proliferative and metabolic
      processes were induced by endobronchial treatment of the damaged epithelium with
      helium-neon laser which passing through a number of transitional stage recovers
      its structure and differentiation to ciliary and goblet cells with normal
      ultrastructure. In lamina propria hyperemia, intensive leukodiapedesis, leukocyte
      infiltrates and granulations develop and proliferative and metabolic activity of
      endotheliocytes and interstitial cells increases, which results in the formation
      of delicate fibrous connective tissue. Simultaneous reorganization of the
      epithelium and underlying connective tissue is interpreted in terms of
      parenchymatous-stromal interactions.

PMID- 3689974
TI  - [Exocytosis of lysosomal enzymes by hepatocytes into the bile during the
      involutional development of liver cirrhosis].
AB  - The process of liver cirrhosis involution in mice was investigated by the method
      of electron histochemistry (acid phosphatase determination). The exocytosis of
      lysosomal enzymes by hepatocytes into the bile has been observed. The data
      obtained suggest that the phenomenon described is one of the mechanisms of the
      bile secretion.

PMID- 3689975
TI  - [Healing of abdominal skin wounds in rats].
AB  - The studies performed on rats have shown that healing of square full-tissue skin
      wounds depends on their location. Thus, the healing of wounds on the belly was
      faster and more complete than that of dorsally located ones. Regeneration of
      belly skin resulted in the formation of new tissue with a typical network of
      fibers and skin folds. On the back epithelial connective tissue scars were
      formed.

PMID- 3689976
TI  - [Micromethod of determining antibodies to nerve tissue galactocerebrosides in the
      complement fixation reaction].
AB  - A micromethod has been developed for the determination of serum antibodies to
      galactocerebroside, a specific antigen of myelin membranes. The method is based
      on complement fixation test and is used for the analysis of sera from healthy
      rabbits and those immunized with galactocerebroside.

PMID- 3689977
TI  - Platelets for transfusion: collection, processing and preservation aspects.

PMID- 3689978
TI  - Pre CFU-F in bone marrow cultures from children with hematopoietic disease
      including acute leukemia.
AB  - Stromal precursor cells from bone marrow aspirates of children have been studied
      in culture. In 7 day liquid cultures normal individuals and patients with acute
      leukemia in remission grew 110 +/- 50 CFU-F and 100 +/- 40 CFU-F (colony forming
      unit--fibroblasts) respectively, per 6 X 10(5) buffy coat mononuclear cells.
      Staining with monoclonal antibodies suggests that stromal cells from CFU-F
      colonies are fibroblasts. CFU-F colony growth from the bone marrow of patients
      with active leukemia was low. After cultivation periods of more than 21 days, we
      observed, in addition, still more immature, clonogenic fibroblast precursor
      cells, "pre CFU-F", and round cells attached to stromal cells from pre CFU-F
      colonies. From the round cells, we have passaged pre CFU-F and CFU-GM (colony
      forming unit--granulocytic, monocytic) in secondary cultures. Our observations
      are in agreement with the concept that the bone marrow stromal cell matrix serves
      as a sanctuary for reversibly attached clonogenic cells of both the hematopoietic
      and fibroblast lineages.

PMID- 3689979
TI  - Effects of anti-estrogens on bone in castrated and intact female rats.
AB  - The effects of the antiestrogens tamoxifen and keoxifene on the bone density of
      intact and ovariectomized female rats were determined after 4 months of therapy.
      The antiestrogens did not cause a decrease in bone density in intact animals,
      although uterine wet weight did decrease. Ovariectomy caused an increase in body
      weight (25%) and a significant decrease in femur density (P less than 0.01).
      Antiestrogens did not further decrease the bone density of ovariectomized rats
      but rather helped to maintain bone density. Antiestrogens as well as estrogen
      (oral estradiol benzoate 25 micrograms daily) helped to maintain bone density in
      the range observed for the intact rats, but inhibited estrogen stimulation of
      uterine weight. These contrasting pharmacological actions of antiestrogens
      suggest that patients receiving long-term adjuvant tamoxifen therapy for breast
      cancer should be evaluated to determine whether tamoxifen can retard the
      development of osteoporosis.

PMID- 3689980
TI  - Difference between R5020 and the antiprogestin RU486 in antiproliferative effects
      on human breast cancer cells.
AB  - We have compared the effects of the progestin R5020 and the antiprogestin RU486
      on the growth of the MCF-7 and T47D breast cancer cell lines. Differences between
      the two compounds were demonstrated in several parameters. 1. Estradiol was
      required for the efficient inhibition of cell growth of both lines by R5020 but
      not by RU486. Therefore in the total absence of estrogen (phenol-red free
      medium), the effects of the two drugs on cell growth were dissociated, RU486
      remaining inhibitory while R5020 was inactive. 2. The proteins secreted by cells
      were differently affected, since R5020 induced a 48K protein and decreased the
      production of the estrogen-regulated 52K protein, while RU486 had no effect on
      these two parameters. 3. The morphology of cells treated by R5020 was more
      altered in the presence of estradiol than in its absence, while that of cells
      treated by RU486 was not affected whether or not estradiol was present. 4. There
      was a greater reduction of estrogen receptor sites in MCF-7 cells produced by
      R5020 than by RU486. Even though the two drugs appear to act through the same
      progesterone receptor and to inhibit total protein secretion, it is likely that
      they exert their antiproliferative effects on cultured breast cancer cells by
      different mechanisms. R5020 antagonizes the stimulation produced by estradiol.
      RU486 by contrast exerts a more direct progesterone receptor mediated inhibitory
      effect requiring no synergism by estradiol and therefore does not act through a
      partial progestin activity.

PMID- 3689981
TI  - Size of breast carcinomas at operation related to tumour growth rate.
AB  - The mean nuclear area (MNA) of breast carcinoma cells, previously shown to be
      related to prognosis, is here presented as a potential overall measure of tumour
      growth rate prior to operation. Recording of tumour diameter and MNA in 340
      infiltrating breast carcinomas demonstrated that tumours of low MNA tended to
      present at a lower diameter that those of high MNA. The former have thus remained
      'small' over a longer period, giving the woman more time to report them at this
      stage. It is suggested that mass screening from breast carcinoma may pick up
      these slow growing tumours, missing those of high growth rate unless the
      screening interval is correspondingly short.

PMID- 3689982
TI  - Prognostic factors for recurrence and survival in human breast cancer.
AB  - Since only about half of primary breast cancer patients are cured by local
      treatment, factors which can predict which patients are likely to recur and
      should thus receive preventive treatment are needed. Here, work on such
      prognostic factors which has been going on in San Antonio for many years will be
      reviewed. The significance of the number of involved axillary nodes and of
      steroid receptors is already well known, while the value of tumor proliferative
      rate and ploidy has been appreciated more recently, and the significance of
      amplification of the oncogene HER-2/neu is just now emerging.

PMID- 3689983
TI  - Age as a confounding factor in the association of mammographic dysplasia and
      estrogen receptor concentration in breast cancer.
AB  - We have examined the association between hormone receptor concentration in
      primary breast cancer and the mammographic pattern of the breast in which the
      cancer arose. A significant association was found between the concentration of
      estrogen receptor and the proportion of the breast volume occupied by the
      radiological signs of dysplasia. Both estrogen receptor concentration and
      dysplasia were found to be strongly associated with age. Estrogen receptor
      concentration rose with increasing age, while the age of patients with extensive
      dysplasia was substantially less than that of patients with no dysplasia. After
      taking age into account, no association remained between estrogen receptor
      concentration and mammographic dysplasia. Age is therefore a confounding factor
      in this association.

PMID- 3689984
TI  - Second international workshop on monoclonal antibodies and breast cancer. San
      Francisco, November 20-21, 1986.

PMID- 3689985
TI  - Comment on progesterone effects in breast tissue.

PMID- 3689986
TI  - Fate and behavior of herbicides, butachlor, CNP, chlomethoxynil, and simetryne in
      river water, shellfish, and sediments of the Ishikari River.

PMID- 3689987
TI  - Correspondence between urban areas and the concentrations of chlordane in fish
      from the Kansas River.

PMID- 3689988
TI  - Occurrence of DDE in dairy feeds in the Arizona milk shed.

PMID- 3689989
TI  - Volatile halocarbon compounds in process water and processed foods.

PMID- 3689990
TI  - Chronic lead poisoning in steers eating silage contaminated with lead shot-
      diagnostic criteria.

PMID- 3689991
TI  - Immunohistochemical study of epoxide hydrolase induced by trichloroethylene in
      rat liver.

PMID- 3689992
TI  - Effect of co-exposure to ethanol and cadmium in rats.

PMID- 3689994
TI  - A system for rinsing herbicide residues from drums during highway right-of-way
      spray operations.

PMID- 3689993
TI  - Effect of lead on fetal development in rats fed with 8% casein diet.

PMID- 3689995
TI  - Mycoassay of fluorescent fractions from seven essential oils.

PMID- 3689996
TI  - Accumulation of mercury by Azolla and its effect on growth.

PMID- 3689997
TI  - Copper toxicity in the crab, Scylla serrata, copper levels in tissues and
      regulation after exposure to a copper-rich medium.

PMID- 3689999
TI  - Effect of manuring on the persistence and degradation of soil insecticides.

PMID- 3689998
TI  - Acute toxicity to juvenile Pacific salmonids of Garlon 3A, Garlon 4, triclopyr,
      triclopyr ester, and their transformation products: 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol
      and 2-methoxy-3,5,6-trichloropyridine.

PMID- 3690000
TI  - Residual levels of plasma oxychlordane and trans-nonachlor in pest control
      operators and some characteristics of these accumulations.

PMID- 3690001
TI  - Dissipation of DDVP and propoxur following the use of a home fogger: implication
      for safe reentry.

PMID- 3690002
TI  - Desorption of residual sulfuryl fluoride from structural and household
      commodities by headspace analysis using gas chromatography.

PMID- 3690003
TI  - Characterization of microorganisms in soils exhibiting accelerated pesticide
      degradation.

PMID- 3690005
TI  - Persistence studies with the herbicide, haloxyfop-methyl, in prairie field plots.

PMID- 3690004
TI  - Organochlorine residues in northeastern Alberta otters.

PMID- 3690006
TI  - Perturbation effect of organophosphate insecticides on human erythrocyte.

PMID- 3690007
TI  - Groundwater transport of the herbicide, atrazine, Weld County, Colorado.

PMID- 3690008
TI  - Effects of sub-chronic DDT exposure on humoral and cell-mediated immune responses
      in albino rats.

PMID- 3690009
TI  - 2-Chloroethylstearate: an in vivo fatty acid conjugate of 2-chloroethanol.

PMID- 3690010
TI  - Organochlorine recovery from small adipose samples with the universal trace
      residue extractor (Unitrex).

PMID- 3690011
TI  - Toxicity of methylene chloride to life stages of the fathead minnow, Pimephales
      promelas Rafinesque.

PMID- 3690012
TI  - Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins in blue mussel from marine coastal water in
      Japan.

PMID- 3690013
TI  - Acute toxicity of cadmium to eight species of marine amphipod and isopod
      crustaceans from southern California.

PMID- 3690014
TI  - As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg, and Zn in fish from the Alexandria region, Egypt.

PMID- 3690015
TI  - Acute toxicity of zinc to juvenile and subadult rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri.

PMID- 3690016
TI  - Biochemical mechanisms of oxidative liver cell injury.
AB  - The toxicological implications of the formation of active oxygen species have
      attracted growing interest in recent years. Under aerobic conditions, oxygen
      radicals are normal cellular metabolites. However, the production of oxygen
      radicals may be greatly stimulated in the presence of various redox active
      compounds. Eventually, the stimulation of oxygen radical production may be so
      great as to overwhelm the cellular defence systems, create an oxidative stress
      and bring about toxicity. Recent studies in this laboratory indicate that
      glutathione and protein thiol depletion play a critical role in the development
      of oxidative cell injury. This depletion of cellular thiols can result in a
      disturbance of intracellular calcium ion homeostasis, which seems to be directly
      related to cell killing.

PMID- 3690017
TI  - Oxidant and protease injury of the lung.
AB  - Oxidants are generated in vivo by multiple mechanisms, including stimulation of
      leukocytes, hyperoxia, metabolism of arachidonic acid, and the activation of
      various oxidases. When the biochemical defences to the oxidants are inadequate,
      injury of tissues results. This injury was observed in rabbits and rhesus monkeys
      when pulmonary inflammation was induced with phorbol esters or formylated peptide
      given intrabronchially. We have recently investigated metabolic changes in
      various cells exposed to oxidants that are generated from stimulated leukocytes,
      including H2O2, O2, and HOCl. The target cells used were P388D1 murine macrophage
      like tumour cells, human peripheral lymphocytes, GM 1380 human fibroblasts and
      rabbit alveolar macrophages. The oxidants used were H2O2 and PMA stimulated PMNs
      or neutroplasts. Lysis could only be prevented when catalase was added within the
      first 30-40 min of H2O2 exposure indicating that early metabolic changes
      determined the fate of the cell. Within seconds after the addition of H2O2 to
      P388D1 cells activation of the hexose monophosphate shunt (HMPS) was observed
      indicative of increased glutathione cycle activity. At the same time DNA strand
      breaks (determined by an alkaline unwinding technique) were detected. They
      resulted in the activation of the DNA repair enzyme poly-ADP-ribose polymerase
      (pADP-RP) within minutes after the addition of H2O2. At the same time ATP and NAD
      (the substrate of pADP-RP) concentrations dropped and nicotinamide accumulated
      extracellularly. 10-15 min after oxidant exposure free intracellular Ca++
      concentrations determined by Quin 2 fluorescence started to increase due to
      release from intracellular stores.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3690018
TI  - Thiol containing antioxidant drugs and the human immune system.
AB  - The over production of toxic oxygen species (TOS) by the phagocytic cells
      involved in inflammatory processes plays a crucial role in generating the immune
      defects which characterize both infections and neoplastic diseases. Since the
      thiol containing drugs, and N-acetylcysteine possess a high capacity for
      scavenging and inhibiting TOS, the question of whether these substances are able
      to protect, in vivo as well as in vitro, the function of lymphocytes isolated
      from the peripheral blood in patients suffering from chronic pulmonary diseases
      (CPD) was investigated. The lymphocytes isolated from healthy donors as well as
      those from CPD patients exposed in vitro to TOS showed a reduced viability and an
      impairment of functions in: (a) the ability to express HLA Class II and TAC
      antigens and (b) the capacity to stimulate and proliferate in allogenic (MLR) and
      autologous mixed lymphocyte reactions (AMLR). The presence of NAC or CAT blocked
      this toxicity. Cells isolated from healthy donors and patients following
      treatment with NAC were less sensitive to the in vitro toxicity of TOS.

PMID- 3690019
TI  - Methodological factors in the variability of lung volume and specific airway
      resistance measured by body plethysmography.
AB  - Thoracic gas volume (TGV) and specific airway resistance (sRaw) are commonly
      measured using pressure type and flow type body plethysmographs. Within-subject
      variability of the data, defined as the coefficient of variation of eight to ten
      measurements during the same session, was assessed with the two kinds of
      instruments and compared in fifteen normal subjects. The reproducibility of data
      obtained several days apart was also compared. All measurements were made in a
      480-l body chamber, which could be used in both the pressure and the flow mode.
      The signals were processed digitally using three different algorithms: 1) simple
      linear regression (LR); 2) linear regression with drift correction achieved by
      adding to, or subtracting from the plethysmographic signal a term proportional to
      time (LRC); 3) Fourier analysis (FFT). Within-subject variability of TGV was much
      larger with flow than with pressure plethysmography when the signals were
      processed by LR (14.5 +/- 7.5 vs 6.3 +/- 3.0%; p less than 0.001), but almost the
      same using LRC (6.7 +/- 3.2 vs 5.4 +/- 2.7%) and FFT (6.1 +/- 2.4 vs 5.0 +/-
      2.4%). For sRaw, variabilities were larger and less influenced by methodological
      factors. Adequate digital processing may therefore largely remedy the inherently
      greater variability of TGV measurements with flow plethysmographs.

PMID- 3690020
TI  - Small airway function in acromegaly.
AB  - Small airway function was studied in 21 acromegalic patients (13 females, 8
      males) and quantitated as the maximal expiratory flow at 25 and 50% of vital
      capacity (VEmax25, VEmax50) breathing room air, as the difference of flow at 50%
      of VC breathing air and 80% helium 20% O2 (delta Vmax50) and as the volume of
      equal flows (VisoV). In addition, lung volumes were investigated by spirometry
      and body plethysmography. Static lung volumes were statistically significantly
      increased in both male and female acromegalic patients (p less than 0.05), but
      RV/TLC and FEV1/FVC did not change (p greater than 0.1). VEmax25, delta Vmax50
      and VisoV showed an abnormal function of small airways in nonsmoking acromegalic
      patients. However, smoking acromegalics did not differ significantly from
      'normal' smoking subjects, suggesting that the dysfunction of small airways is
      not a contributory factor to mortality from the disease. Maximal expiratory
      flows, when related to lung volume, were reduced in acromegalic women. Abnormal
      small airway function in acromegaly could either be due to obstruction or, more
      likely, to an exaggeration of dysanaptic lung growth.

PMID- 3690021
TI  - Exercise- and allergen-induced asthma do not change the production of Paf-acether
      by neutrophils and platelets.
AB  - Paf-acether, whose role has been suggested in asthma, is a mediator released by
      stimulated neutrophils, platelets and other cells. Neutrophils and platelets are
      activated in vivo during exercise or allergen-induced asthma. Upon in vitro
      stimulation, macrophages from mice treated with an inflammatory stimulus, such as
      thioglycoccollate, release less paf-acether than macrophages from non-treated
      mice. We hypothesized that upon in vitro activation platelets and neutrophils
      should produce less paf-acether after exercise- or allergen-induced asthma. To
      test this hypothesis, we measured the production of paf-acether by neutrophils
      and platelets obtained before, 15 and 75 min after exercise in seven normal
      subjects and five asthmatic subjects with exercise-induced asthma, and in five
      other asthmatic subjects after specific challenge with Dermatophagoides
      Pteronyssinus. Purified neutrophils and washed platelets were incubated
      independently for 10 min at 37 degrees C with no specific activator, with a
      platelet activator (thrombin, 1 IU.ml-1), a neutrophil activator (opsonized
      zymosan, 1 mg.ml-1), and both together. We found no significant difference
      between asthmatic and normal subjects in the amount of paf-acether synthesized by
      platelets or neutrophils and no fall in the production of paf-acether after
      exercise- or allergen-induced asthma. However, our method may lack sensitivity in
      detecting partial activation of these cells and is based on the assumption that
      changes in peripheral blood cells are representative of changes of these cells in
      lungs.

PMID- 3690022
TI  - Vagal control of end-expiratory lung volume in anaesthetized dogs.
AB  - We have studied the mechanism underlying the increase in end-expiratory lung
      volume (VEEL) after vagotomy in dogs anaesthetized with thiopentone and gluco
      chloralose. Dogs (n = 10) were studied during three phases: a) baseline, b) after
      bilateral vagotomy, and c) during paralysis with suxamethonium after vagotomy. To
      examine the influence of posture, dogs were randomly studied either in the
      upright (n = 5) or in the supine (n = 5) position. After vagotomy, VEEL, as
      determined by spirometry, increased by 27.8 +/- 13.6% (SD) and 15.3 +/- 9.6% in
      upright and supine dogs, respectively. After paralysis, further small increases
      in VEEL were observed in all upright and three supine dogs. Static lung
      compliance did not change after vagotomy or paralysis. Chest wall compliance
      decreased after vagotomy, but returned towards baseline values during paralysis.
      The rectus abdominis electromyogram recorded expiratory muscle activity during
      the expiratory pause; vagotomy markedly reduced it in upright dogs and it was
      undetectable in supine dogs. We conclude that VEEL is actively maintained by
      expiratory muscles, predominantly under reflex vagal control. This reflex may
      serve to minimize the increase in VEEL that occurs on assuming the upright
      posture. We suggest that reflex vagal mechanisms are also involved in the
      inhibition of expiratory muscle activity during lung inflation.

PMID- 3690023
TI  - Noninvasive measurement of regional lung water distribution in healthy man and in
      pulmonary oedema.
AB  - A quasi steady-state noninvasive, radioisotopic technique for measuring regional
      lung water distribution in man is described. The method depends upon the dilution
      principle. 123I labelled human serum albumin (HSA) and sodium iodide (NaI) were
      injected intravenously, allowed to mix completely within the body fluids and then
      counted externally over the chest. The size of each compartment to which the
      markers are confined was calculated from the external count rate and the isotopic
      concentration of the marker in plasma. 123I-HSA was used to estimate
      intravascular water and 123I-NaI extracellular water. Ratio analysis of the
      differential attenuation of the two photoenergies of 123Iodine (29 keV, 159 keV)
      by the lung and chest wall was used to estimate the absolute amount of isotope in
      the lung, independent of chest wall contribution, after validation by phantom
      studies. Regional pulmonary plasma (PPVr) and interstitial (PIVr) fluid volumes
      in normal subjects were 7.1 +/- 1.4 and 7.6 +/- 1.3 ml.100 cm-3 lung (mean +/-
      SD; n = 13) at mid-tidal volume, respectively. In patients with the adult
      respiratory distress syndrome, PPVr and PIVr were 7.0 +/- 2.9 and 15.9 +/- 4.6
      ml.100 cm-3 lung (n = 18), respectively. The pulmonary artery wedge (Paw)
      pressure was normal (12.5 +/- 2.5 mmHg; n = 5). In patients with pulmonary oedema
      due to left heart disease, PPVr and PIVr were 7.2 +/- 2.7 and 12.1 +/- 3.7 ml.100
      cm-3 lung (n = 8), respectively. The mean Paw pressure in this group was high
      (28.5 +/- 3.9 mmHg).

PMID- 3690024
TI  - Statistical methods for the analysis of the association between bronchial
      responsiveness and pulmonary function changes.
AB  - An autoregressive model for the analysis of longitudinal data was applied in the
      context of investigating the effect of bronchial responsiveness on the growth of
      pulmonary function in children. In the model used, the correlation between
      pulmonary function values within an individual decreases exponentially as the
      time between visits increases. The model incorporates both fixed and time
      dependent covariates in a unified fashion and does not require complete data in
      all visits for each individual. Furthermore, the change in pulmonary function is
      not assumed to be linear over time. Using response to cold air data as a measure
      of bronchial responsiveness, we found that children who responded to cold air
      have a slower rate of growth in pulmonary function. In addition, the data
      suggested that the effect of cigarette smoking may be greater as the response to
      cold air increases. Extensions of the autoregressive approach to other
      correlation structures and to the case of unequidistant observations are
      discussed.

PMID- 3690025
TI  - The association of airways responsiveness to respiratory symptom prevalence and
      to pulmonary function in a random population sample.
AB  - In a random population sample of 1905 subjects we studied the occurrence of
      respiratory symptoms in relation to airways responsiveness. Responders (PC10 FEV1
      to histamine at 16 mg.ml-1 or less) had crude prevalence rates two to three times
      higher than nonresponders. In logistic regression analysis, odds ratios were
      estimated for each threshold value, compared to the reference value (greater than
      32 mg.ml-1), controlling for age, sex, area of residence, and smoking habit. Odds
      ratios increased with decreasing threshold values in a dose-response relationship
      for all symptoms, except for bronchitis periods. We analysed the association of
      airways responsiveness to pulmonary function level by multiple linear regression,
      controlling for age, sex, height, area of residence, and smoking habit. There was
      an inverse relationship of FEV1 level to threshold value. Male subjects within a
      threshold value of 1 mg.ml-1 had a mean adjusted FEV1 of 1170 ml less than males
      with a threshold value of greater than 32 mg.ml-1. The relationship of
      responsiveness to decline of FEV1 with time was studied in 186 male subjects who
      took part in five consecutive surveys from 1967 to 1981. The greatest mean
      adjusted yearly decline was noted in responding smokers: 35.3 ml per yr, compared
      to nonreactive nonsmokers: 10.9 ml per yr. Regression analysis of the yearly
      decline in 169 subjects with at least two pairs of two consecutive threshold
      tests revealed that the more positive tests subjects had, the greater was their
      mean adjusted yearly decline. It is concluded that airways responsiveness may be
      an important factor in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

PMID- 3690027
TI  - Cheyne-Stokes breathing and systemic arterial pressure periodic pattern during
      sleep in central alveolar hypoventilation.
AB  - This report refers to a 51 year old man with the clinical features of central
      alveolar hypoventilation (CAH). Polysomnographic recordings showed periodic
      breathing and central apnoeas associated with abnormal oscillations of systemic
      arterial pressure and heart rate during all sleep stages. Oxygen administration
      during sleep reduced hypoxia, while the periodic breathing and arterial pressure
      oscillations persisted. The authors suggest that an impairment of the brain
      structures that play a role in homeostatic adjustment of autonomic functions in
      connection with the sleep-wake cycle, is responsible for the unusual sleep
      related disturbances shown by this patient.

PMID- 3690028
TI  - Carotid body resection in patients with severe chronic airflow limitation.

PMID- 3690026
TI  - Effects of sobrerol treatment on macromolecule secretion, ion and water fluxes in
      sheep trachea.
AB  - We studied the effects of sobrerol treatment on airway mucus secretion. Normal
      sheep and sheep with airways sensitized to Ascaris suum antigen were treated in
      vivo with sobrerol, 1 mg.kg-1 i.m., twice a day for five days. Composition and
      secretion of mucus macromolecules, and fluxes of ions and water were subsequently
      measured in tracheal tissues in vitro, and were compared to values from untreated
      (normal and sensitized) sheep. Macromolecules were radiolabelled with 35SO4 and
      3H-threonine and we measured the secretion of macromolecule-bound radiolabel on
      to the mucosa. We also measured secretion of total protein and of sialic acid.
      Unidirectional fluxes of Cl-, Na+ and water were measured with radioactive
      tracers. Net fluxes were calculated from appropriately paired tissues. Sobrerol
      treatment decreased total protein secretion in both normal and sensitized sheep.
      Specifically, it decreased secretion of sialylated but not sulphated
      macromolecules. Sobrerol had no effect on tracheal ion or water fluxes in normal
      sheep, but in sensitized sheep it significantly decreased net Na+ absorption and
      induced secretion of water. These changes are likely to alter the physical
      properties of the mucus, and may alter its transportability by airway cilia
      and/or by gas-liquid two-phase flow.

PMID- 3690029
TI  - The effect of long-term almitrine therapy on sleep hypoxaemia in patients with
      chronic airways obstruction.
AB  - Sleep hypoxaemia was investigated in 11 patients. The patients were randomly
      assorted to receive almitrine bismesylate therapy or identical placebo tablets.
      Almitrine therapy was associated with an increase of daytime PaO2, mean SaO2
      awake and during sleep, and less time when SaO2 fell below 90% during sleep. The
      number of desaturation episodes and lowest SaO2 were unaffected.

PMID- 3690030
TI  - Almitrine effect on nocturnal hypoxaemia in patients with chronic obstructive
      pulmonary disease (COPD).
AB  - Almitrine bismesylate (A) is a peripheral chemoreceptor agonist that increases
      ventilation, improves V/Q matching, increases PaO2 and decreases PaCO2 in
      patients with COPD. We have used a placebo-controlled double-blind cross-over
      study to compare the effect of 1.5 mg.kg-1 A and placebo (P) (given orally twice
      a day for 14 days with a 2 wk wash-out period between) on sleep quality, blood
      oxygenation during sleep and the ventilatory response to hypoxia and hypercapnia
      when awake. We have measured ear oxygen saturation (SaO2) and EEG sleep stages
      during nocturnal sleep in 13 patients with COPD (FEV1 0.94 +/- 0.31 1). When
      awake and during P period PaO2 was 51.4 +/- 10.7 mmHg (SD), PaCO2 53.1 +/- 7.1
      mmHg and SaO2: 83.1 +/- 8.0%: during A treatment PaO2 increased to 55.8 +/- 7.8
      mmHg (p less than 0.01 paired Wilcoxon test), PaCO2 decreased to 48.5 +/- 6.4
      mmHg (p less than 0.05) and SaO2 increased to 86.9 +/- 2.6 (p less than 0.01). A
      reduced nocturnal hypoxaemia: 1) during P treatment mean stage I SaO2 was 73.2 +/
      13.2%, stage II 70.5 +/- 15.7%, stage III 66.5 +/- 18.5%, stage IV 73.3 +/-
      12.7% and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep 59.2 +/- 14.8%; the corresponding SaO2
      values during A treatment were higher: stage I SaO2 80.6 +/- 5.2% (p less than
      0.05), II 78.6 +/- 6.2% (p less than 0.01), III 77.3 +/- 7.4% (p less than 0.01),
      IV 80.4 +/- 3.8% (p less than 0.05), REM 69.9 +/- 7.9% (p less than
      0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3690031
TI  - Influence of the carotid body on gas exchange during exercise.
AB  - The role of the carotid body in the ventilatory changes of exercise is reviewed.
      Peripheral chemoreceptor function was studied in 20 patients with chronic airways
      obstruction. The patients were treated double-blind and randomly allocated to
      placebo and almitrine bismesylate 50 mg b.d. before undertaking an exercise
      programme at day 0 and after 30 and 60 days of therapy. Patients on almitrine
      therapy had an improved resting arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) which was
      maintained during exercise. A statistically significant improvement of effort
      tolerance was observed after 60 days treatment with almitrine.

PMID- 3690032
TI  - The acute effect of a single oral dose of 200 mg almitrine on gas exchange in
      patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis and emphysema, bronchial asthma and
      lung fibrosis.
AB  - We studied the acute effect of a single, oral dose of 200 mg almitrine and of
      placebo on arterial blood gas tensions, ventilation, gas exchange and pulmonary
      mechanics in 28 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis and emphysema
      (COPD), 20 patients with bronchial asthma and 10 patients with interstitial lung
      disease. Almitrine significantly increased PaO2 in COPD, had a borderline effect
      in bronchial asthma and no effect in lung fibrosis. In all groups of patients
      almitrine significantly increased minute ventilation and decreased arterial
      carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2). Placebo had no effect on arterial oxygen tension
      (PaO2) and PaCO2 in any of the groups. Therefore, despite similar effects on
      ventilation, the improvement of arterial PO2 by almitrine depends on the
      underlying disease.

PMID- 3690034
TI  - Some notes about the activities of the PPTI (Perkumpulan Pembrantasan Tuberkulosa
      Indonesia) or Indonesian Tuberculosis Control Association (ITCA).

PMID- 3690033
TI  - The Canadian Lung Association and International Health.

PMID- 3690035
TI  - The participation of the Comite algerien de Lutte contre la Tuberculose in twenty
      years of tuberculosis control in Algeria.

PMID- 3690036
TI  - The role of charitable organizations in tuberculosis control in Turkey.

PMID- 3690037
TI  - Five major activities of the Japan Antituberculosis Association.

PMID- 3690038
TI  - Prevalence of hypoxaemia and COPD in the community; natural history of the fall
      of arterial oxygen tension.

PMID- 3690039
TI  - IUATLD European Region Survey on patients with serious respiratory failure under
      home oxygen therapy.

PMID- 3690040
TI  - Home monitoring of patients on long-term oxygen therapy.

PMID- 3690041
TI  - Long term follow-up of domiciliary oxygen therapy in hypoxic cor pulmonale
      associated with chronic obstructive airways disease.

PMID- 3690042
TI  - The prevention and management of drug-resistant tuberculosis.

PMID- 3690044
TI  - Continuous and discrete T-maze alternation in rats: effects of intertrial and
      interrun intervals.
AB  - 1. Recent concepts concerning animal memory have emphasized the kind of
      information processed in memory. Reference memory provides information relevant
      over several trials, i.e., it codes expectancy-based information. Working memory
      provides information critical for only one trial, i.e., it codes data-based
      information. Some investigators consider that a continuous alternation task in a
      T-maze depends on the reference memory of a series of left-right responses,
      whereas a discrete alternation task is thought to depend on working memory. 2. In
      the present report, we tested rats in a continuous alternation task with
      different intertrial intervals (ITI's). Rats were first subjected to 10 or 12
      sessions at each of the following ITI's: 0, 55, 100, 200 and 600 s, and then
      tested at varying ITI's within each session for 12 sessions in the following
      sequence: 0, 55, 100, 200, 600 and 0 s. Next, the same rats were trained to
      perform discrete alternation with ITI's and interrun intervals (IRI's) varying
      across sessions but only IRI's changing within sessions, i.e., IRI = 0 or 55 with
      ITI = 0, 55, 100, 200 or 600 s across sessions, and IRI = 0, 55, 100, 200 and 600
      s with ITI = 0 within sessions. 3. Rats performed both alternation tasks at high
      levels when ITI's and IRI's changed across sessions. However, when intervals
      changed within sessions, rats showed a better performance in the continuous task
      at intervals of 55, 100 and 200 s compared to their performance at these same
      intervals in the discrete task. In addition, for the discrete task with IRI's
      changing within sessions, errors probably due to proactive interference occurred
      more frequently with progressively increasing IRI's. 4. The hypothesis that
      performance of continuous alternation depends on reference memory and performance
      of discrete alternation depends on working memory is supported by these data.

PMID- 3690043
TI  - Detection of inborn errors of metabolism in unselected patients from pediatric
      intensive care units in Porto Alegre, Brazil: evaluation of screening techniques.
AB  - 1. The present study provides an analysis of the interpretation and usefulness of
      mass biochemical urine screening tests currently applied to a population of
      severely ill children consisting of 232 unselected individuals, under various
      medications, held in intensive care units. 2. Testing for glycosaminoglycans by
      the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide reaction is of little benefit to this
      population. The Ehrlich reaction, used to detect porphobilinogen, should be
      reserved for cases which present clinical symptoms. Owing to the large number of
      false-positives and because chromatography or electrophoresis can easily be used
      to detect tyrosine, it is suggested that the nitrosonaphthol test be abandoned.
      The cyanide nitroprusside reaction should be used when chromatography or
      electrophoresis suggests cystinuria, homocystinuria or beta-mercapto lactate
      disulfiduria. 3. Because of its high sensitivity in detecting reducing
      substances, the Clinitest is useful for selecting samples to be investigated
      further by sugar chromatography. 4. Given the relatively high frequency of
      organic acidurias, particularly methylmalonic aciduria, in intensive care unit
      populations, it is suggested that the p-nitroaniline reaction be incorporated
      into the battery of chemical urine tests. 5. A comparison between paper
      chromatography and high voltage paper electrophoresis in terms of effective
      analysis of amino acid patterns demonstrated that chromatography is preferential,
      since this is as sensitive as electrophoresis, does not require a special
      apparatus and permits the simultaneous use of plasma and urine from the same
      patient, thus facilitating the interpretation of amino acid patterns.

PMID- 3690045
TI  - Effect of sodium intake on blood pressure, serum levels and renal excretion of
      sodium and potassium in normotensives with and without familial predisposition to
      hypertension.
AB  - 1. Seventeen normal volunteers aged 19 to 22 were randomly subjected, in a trial
      of crossover design, to three distinct regimens of sodium chloride intake: high
      (16 to 20 g), normal (8 to 12 g) and low (0.5 to 1 g). Each regimen lasted nine
      days, with determination of blood pressure and heart rate (in the supine position
      and after sudden rising), body weight, and urinary output of creatinine, sodium
      and potassium on the third, sixth and ninth days. In addition, plasma levels of
      creatinine, sodium and potassium were determined on the ninth day so that sodium
      and potassium clearance and fractional excretion could be calculated. 2. Eleven
      of the volunteers had a family history of hypertension. Compared to the six
      without such a history, these subjects showed: 1) higher supine systolic blood
      pressure on the third day of sodium overload (124.7 +/- 3.0 vs 112.3 +/- 2.9
      mmHg, P less than 0.02); 2) higher supine diastolic blood pressure on the third
      day of sodium overload (76.5 +/- 2.8 vs 64.5 +/- 4.3 mmHg; P less than 0.05); 3)
      higher supine diastolic blood pressure on the sixth day of sodium overload (73.7
      +/- 2.3 vs 63.8 +/- 3.2 mmHg, P less than 0.05); 4) lower supine heart rate on
      the ninth day of sodium overload (61.0 +/- 3.1 vs 72.7 +/- 4.6, P less than
      0.05), and 5) lower plasma potassium on the ninth day of sodium overload (4.10 +/
      0.05 vs 4.28 +/- 0.06 mEq/l, P less than 0.05). 3. These results suggest that
      normal individuals whose familial history places them at risk for the development
      of hypertension differ from those not at risk during their adaptation to sodium
      load by suffering a transient elevation of blood pressure within a few days of
      the increase in load. The low levels of plasma potassium observed in these
      volunteers after a period of sodium load may be due to the operation of different
      renal mechanisms of sodium excretion in this group, leading to increased
      kaliuresis, and may explain the high vascular reactivity of such individuals.

PMID- 3690046
TI  - The clonidine test for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma: the usefulness of
      urinary metanephrine measurements.
AB  - 1. The clonidine suppression of urinary metanephrines as a criterion for the
      diagnosis of pheochromocytoma is described. Twenty-four patients were divided
      into 3 groups: Group I, 10 patients with pheochromocytoma (confirmed by
      tomography and surgery); Group II, 9 patients with suspected pheochromocytoma
      (clinical evidence plus one mildly elevated value of urinary metanephrines, but
      with negative tomography); Group III, 5 patients with proven essential
      hypertension. 2. Urinary metanephrine levels were determined in urine collected
      before (basal) and 3 h after a single oral dose of clonidine (0.4 or 0.8 mg). 3.
      Mean basal urinary metanephrine levels were above normal for group I (9.2 +/- 2.2
      micrograms/mg creatinine) and group II (2.2 +/- 0.3 micrograms/mg creatinine) but
      were within the normal range for group III (0.6 +/- 0.1 microgram/mg creatinine).
      After clonidine administration, urinary metanephrine levels remained elevated for
      all patients with pheochromocytoma but decreased to within the normal range for
      all but one patient in group II. The urinary metanephrine levels of group III
      were not significantly altered by clonidine. 4. These data demonstrate that, when
      monitored by the clonidine suppression test, urinary metanephrine levels are
      useful for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma, permitting the differentiation of
      affected patients from those exhibiting essential hypertension and increased
      sympathetic drive.

PMID- 3690047
TI  - The pathology of experimental visceral leishmaniasis in resistant and susceptible
      lines of inbred mice.
AB  - 1. The main pathological features of experimental visceral leishmaniasis were
      characterized in resistant and susceptible inbred mouse strains. 2. Disseminated
      granulomas containing parasitized macrophages were found especially in the liver
      and spleen of two inbred mouse strains, i.e. the resistant DBA/2 and the
      susceptible C57BL/10 strains, which had been inoculated with Leishmania donovani
      chagasi amastigotes. 3. The lesions tended to remain granulomatous in nature even
      during the early acute phase of the more susceptible mouse strain (C57BL/10), and
      later evolved to a decrease in number of parasites and granulomas and in
      granuloma diameter. However, no healing occurred up to the end of the observation
      period of 70 weeks for the C57BL/10 strain. 4. Visceral leishmaniasis in the
      mouse model does not resemble the classical human Kala-azar, but seems to be more
      related to oligosymptomatic forms seen in humans living in endemic areas.

PMID- 3690048
TI  - Induction of tumors in rats by bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) from Ouro Preto
      (Minas Gerais, Brazil).
AB  - 1. The possible carcinogenicity of bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum, common
      name: "Broto de Samambaia") which is used as food by the population of Ouro Preto
      (Minas Gerais, Brazil) and neighboring areas, was studied in rats. 2. Fifteen (6
      female and 9 male) 45-day old Wistar rats were fed a diet containing dried
      bracken fern (5%, w/w) for up to 70 weeks. After death or sacrifice, the animals
      were carefully examined for tumors in the gastrointestinal tract, bladder, lungs,
      liver, and kidneys. 3. All experimental animals showed gastrointestinal tract
      tumors which were located mainly in the ileum. Most of the tumors were malignant
      lesions (adenocarcinomas and sarcomas), although benign adenomas were also
      present. One animal developed a lymphoma and none showed vesical tumors. 4. No
      tumors were detected in 11 control rats (5 female and 6 male). 5. These data
      clearly demonstrate that Pteridium aquilinum is carcinogenic for rats.

PMID- 3690049
TI  - Reception-mediated phagocytosis of yeast by macrophage polykarions.
AB  - 1. The phagocytic capacity of polynuclear macrophages (PNM) produced by
      intraperitoneal implants in mice was analyzed and compared with that of the
      mononuclear macrophage (M luminal diameter). The ability of PNM and M luminal
      diameter to interiorize aldehyde-fixed Saccharomyces cerevisiae is described. 2.
      PNM containing two to five nuclei and M luminal diameter exhibited a similar time
      course of phagocytosis. The phagocytic index reached a plateau from 30 to 60 min
      after exposure to yeast. 3. Mannose, mannan extracted from yeast and horseradish
      peroxidase inhibited yeast phagocytosis by PNM and M luminal diameter
      subpopulations to a similar extent. 4. Amino sugars (glucosamine, N
      acetylglucosamine, galactosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine) caused similar
      reductions in the phagocytic indices of PNM and M luminal diameter. 5. The
      presence of monosaccharides (glucose, galactose, fructose and mannitol) did not
      alter the phagocytic capacity of either type of phagocyte. 6. Neither opsonin
      dependent ingestion of sheep red blood cells nor ingestion of aldehyde-fixed
      cells by PNM or M luminal diameter is affected by mannose, suggesting that these
      processes involve internalization pathways different from the mannose-hexosamine
      recognition system. 7. Trypsin sensitivity, temperature dependence and divalent
      cation requirements for PNM phagocytosis were comparable to those of the M
      luminal diameter. 8. The similarities of the PNM to their mononuclear precursors
      suggest that the mannose-hexosamine receptor was preserved after polykaryon
      formation.

PMID- 3690050
TI  - The effect of human leptospirosis on the composition and concentration of serum
      lipids and lipoproteins.
AB  - 1. Plasma lipids and lipoproteins were studied in 9 male patients during the
      immune phase of leptospirosis and 4 months later after recovery. 2.
      Electrophoretic patterns of plasma lipoproteins were characterized by the absence
      of alpha- and pre-beta lipoprotein bands and the presence of a single broad beta
      band. The high-density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction ran in the pre-beta position
      and triglyceride (TG) content was high. Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) moved into
      three different bands and were rich in TG. Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs)
      migrated normally and their triglyceride content was low. All lipoprotein
      fractions had low levels of cholesteryl esters. 3. In infected patients, the
      fractional lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) rate (%/h) was low, while
      the molar LCAT rate (mumol 1(-1)h-1 remained unchanged. Both VLDL and LDL
      cholesterol levels increased while HDL cholesterol decreased. 4. These findings
      demonstrated that abnormalities in lipoprotein composition are associated with
      leptospiral liver injury.

PMID- 3690051
TI  - Possible relationship between pervasive developmental disorders and platelet
      monoamine oxidase activity.
AB  - 1. The present study was undertaken to determine if the platelet monoamine
      oxidase (MAO) activity of children with childhood-onset Pervasive Developmental
      Disorders (PDD), atypical PDD and autistic children differs from MAO of normal
      children of the same age. 2. The kinetic parameters of MAO activity (Km and Vmax
      for kynuramine as substrate in 100 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4 at 37
      degrees C) were determined for platelets from autistic (N = 6), childhood onset
      PDD (N = 6) and atypical PDD (N = 6) children and 14 controls aged 6-10 years. 3.
      PDD children had significantly lower Km (4.41 +/- 0.26 vs 5.30 +/- 0.23 microM)
      and Vmax (16.77 +/- 1.56 vs 22.15 +/- 2.16 nmol h-1 mg protein-1) than control
      children. The reduction in Vmax was demonstrable in MAO activity measured with
      100 microM substrate (14.93 +/- 1.13 vs 20.96 +/- 2.10 nmol h-1 mg-1). 4. These
      data show that childhood-onset PDD patients, in which the syndrome was complete,
      presented the lowest levels of platelet MAO activity.

PMID- 3690052
TI  - Responses of the upper esophageal sphincter and esophageal body to graded
      intraluminal distension.
AB  - 1. The responses of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) to graded intraluminal
      distension of the esophagus were examined to determine response thresholds and to
      define the functional relationship between the sphincter and the esophageal body.
      2. Nine normal subjects underwent manometric examination using a multiluminal
      tube with an attached inflatable balloon located 10 cm below the UES. Sphincter
      and esophageal motor responses to six balloon inflation volumes (1, 2, 4, 6, 8,
      and 10 ml) were recorded in each subject. 3. The UES responded to distension by
      increasing pressure, from a median value of 42.5 mmHg with a threshold distension
      of 1.0 cm, to 95 mmHg at 2.2 cm. Non-swallow-related, secondary contractile waves
      were stimulated in the esophageal body proximal to the distension and increased
      in number as inflation increased. Distal propagation of this secondary activity
      was inhibited with increasing distension. The amplitude of the primary
      peristalsis increased significantly to 61.7 mmHg at 2.2 cm. 4. These data
      demonstrate the normal upper esophageal motor responses to distension and provide
      a reference for future investigations of patients showing evidence of impaired
      esophageal clearance and in whom standard manometry may be unhelpful.

PMID- 3690053
TI  - Morphometric study of the plasmalemmal vesicles of the capillaries of the rat
      cerebellum, heart, diaphragm and lung during perinatal growth.
AB  - 1. Morphometric techniques were used to determine the variation in number of
      plasmalemmal vesicles, their area and the area of the endothelium in capillaries
      of the cerebellum, heart, diaphragm and lung of rat fetuses aged 17, 19, 20 and
      21 days and of newborn rats. 2. A curve fitting procedure showed that the
      evolution of vesicle number could be properly expressed by equations of the type
      y = aoekx, where y = number of vesicle images per capillary section or number of
      vesicles per micron3 of capillary wall, and x = age in days. The time necessary
      for the numerical density of the vesicles to duplicate in the capillary wall is
      on average 1.1-1.3 days in the lung, 1.4-1.9 days in the muscular organs and 2.3
      days in the cerebellum. 3. Capillary maturation was characterized by thinning of
      the endothelium, especially for those at the base of the lung, and by increased
      numbers of vesicles. 4. The ratios: number of plasmalemmal vesicle
      images/endothelial area, plasmalemmal vesicle image area/endothelial area, and
      number of plasmalemmal vesicle images/plasmalemmal image area increased with age.
      The third parameter tended to reach 1 due to the increased area of the vesicles
      as a function of their numbers, even though there was a decrease in individual
      vesicle size.

PMID- 3690054
TI  - Phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Mycobacterium avium complex by human
      and murine macrophages.
AB  - 1. Host defenses against Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) are poorly defined.
      Peritoneal macrophages from black and beige mice, and cultured human macrophages
      were infected in vitro with MAC serotype 1 from an AIDS patient, in the presence
      or absence of normal or convalescent serum. Bacteria:cell ratio was 1:10.
      Supernatants and macrophage lysates were cultured 6, 24 and 48 h later to
      determine the uptake and killing by macrophages. Phagocytosis by activated
      macrophages, obtained from pre-infected and treated mice or stimulated in vitro
      with endotoxin, was also studied. 2. Neither convalescent serum nor normal serum
      caused a significant increase in MAC phagocytosis. 3. Unstimulated macrophages
      from black or beige mice and humans were incapable of killing the intracellular
      bacteria. Activated macrophages from all sources phagocytized and killed 80 +/-
      4% of the initial inoculum after 48 h in culture. 4. These results demonstrate
      that activated macrophages are required for optimal intracellular killing of
      serotype 1 MAC.

PMID- 3690055
TI  - Suppressive effect of an Ascaris suum extract on IgE and IgG antibody responses
      in mice.
AB  - 1. A suppressed cytotropic and agglutinating antibody response against ovalbumin
      was induced in mice immunized with this antigen and an Ascaris suum extract. 2.
      Suppression of IgE antibody production was abolished by administration of
      cyclophosphamide or X-irradiation before immunization. In contrast, suppression
      of homocytotropic IgG1 and heterocytotropic IgG2a antibody responses was
      considerably resistant to the same treatments. 3. The low levels of IgG
      agglutinating antibodies also remained unchanged after these treatments. 4. These
      results indicate that distinct regulatory mechanisms are the targets of
      suppression induced by A. suum extract in IgE and IgG responses.

PMID- 3690056
TI  - A sensitive in vitro toad skin bioassay for melanotropic peptides.
AB  - 1. An in vitro bioassay for melanotropic peptide utilizing reflectance
      measurements of toad skin (Bufo ictericus ictericus) is described as an
      alternative to the commonly used Rana pipiens bioassay. 2. The toad skin bioassay
      is as sensitive to melanotropins and melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) as the
      frog bioassay. 3. On the basis of parallel dose-response curves obtained with the
      toad skin assay we found that beta-MSH is slightly less active than alpha-MSH,
      whereas the synthetic analogue [Nle4-D-Phe7]-alpha-MSH is about 10 times more
      potent and exhibits prolonged biological activity. 4. MCH, a putative
      neurohormone, can also be bioassayed in the in vitro toad skin bioassay, since it
      has alpha-MSH-like activity on amphibian melanocytes. 5. Since neither adreno-
      nor cholinoceptors are present in the toad melanocytes, the assay provides great
      specificity and sensitivity for the determination of melanotropin activity in
      tissue or blood.

PMID- 3690057
TI  - Effects of sodium and calcium concentration on the barium chloride-induced
      electrical and contractile responses of the guinea pig vas deferens.
AB  - 1. The mechanism of 10 mM barium chloride-induced electrical and contractile
      responses of the guinea pig vas deferens was investigated using calcium channel
      blockers and by modifying the Na+ and Ca2+ concentrations of the nutritional
      solution. Isometric contraction and membrane depolarization were measured
      simultaneously by the sucrose-gap technique. 2. In the absence of added Ca2+
      there was a decay of the contractile but not of the depolarizing effect, which
      was independent of the frequency of 10 mM barium chloride administration.
      However, both barium-induced contraction and depolarization were reduced and the
      former more rapidly in a Ca2+-free solution (0.5 mM EGTA). 3. In low-Na+ solution
      (16 mM) there was a 3-fold increase in depolarization and no change in
      contraction, but in a low-Na+ Ca2+-free solution (0.5 mM EGTA), only contraction
      was reduced. 4. Nifedipine blocked both barium-induced contraction and
      depolarization in a dose-dependent manner when the organs were bathed in regular
      nutrient solution. In contrast, in low-Na+ solution only 50% of the
      depolarization was blocked by 10(-6) M nifedipine, which completely inhibited
      contraction. Both barium-induced contraction and depolarization in low-Na+ Ca2+
      free solution were blocked by 10(-3) M LaCl3. 5. These data indicate that in the
      presence of calcium, barium mobilizes extracellular calcium through voltage
      dependent channels and the contraction is due to the entry of calcium. In
      contrast, in the absence of added Ca2+ or in Ca2+-free solutions (0.5 mM EGTA),
      barium enters through the voltage-dependent channel and the contraction is
      reduced because the intracellular stores of calcium are limited.

PMID- 3690058
TI  - Mouse paw edema. A new model for inflammation?
AB  - 1. Injection of carrageenan into the mouse paw produced a biphasic edema. During
      the first phase, which developed up to 24 h, edema was of low intensity and
      unrelated to the dose of carrageenan given. During the second phase, after 24 h,
      edema was more pronounced, presented a clear dose-response relationship and
      peaked at 72 h after injection. 2. Histological analysis of the subplantar area 4
      h after carrageenan injection revealed a diffuse cellular infiltrate with
      predominance of polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Between 48 and 72 h, an intense
      accumulation of macrophages, eosinophils and lymphocytes was observed, together
      with a great increase in the number of circulating leukocytes and platelets. 3.
      Pretreatment with the anti-inflammatory drugs indomethacin and dexamethasone
      reduced both phases of edema in a dose-dependent fashion. 4. The present study
      shows that carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema constitutes a new and interesting
      model for the study of the mediators of inflammation and for the screening of new
      anti-inflammatory drugs.

PMID- 3690059
TI  - Amiloride inhibition of guinea pig contractile responses to acetylcholine.
AB  - 1. Amiloride inhibited the tonic component of the responses of the isolated
      guinea pig ileum to high (1 microM, which is above ED50), but not to low (44 nM)
      concentrations of acetylcholine. 2. The inhibition was concentration-dependent in
      the range 0.1 microM-10 microM and was attenuated in low-Na+ or high-Ca2+ media.
      3. Amiloride (10 microM) inhibited the increase of 45Ca2+ uptake induced by 1
      microM acetylcholine in the longitudinal muscle of the guinea pig ileum. 4. These
      results suggest that amiloride inhibits agonist-induced Na+ influx and indirectly
      Ca2+ influx through the Na+/Ca2+ exchange mechanism.

PMID- 3690060
TI  - Effect of adrenalectomy on glucose homeostasis in rats fed a high-protein,
      carbohydrate-free diet.
AB  - 1. The effect of adrenalectomy on the adjustments of carbohydrate metabolism to
      fasting was studied in rats fed a high-protein, carbohydrate-free (HP) diet. 2.
      Fasting for 24 h induced a 20% decrease of blood glucose levels in intact rats on
      the balanced, control (C) diet, but did not affect the blood glucose levels of
      rats adapted to the HP diet. After adrenalectomy, HP rats lost their capacity to
      maintain constant blood glucose levels during fasting, but the reduction in blood
      glucose (30% after 24 h) took longer to appear and was 50% smaller than in
      adrenalectomized C-rats. 3. Intact rats on the control diet responded to fasting
      with increased in vitro hepatic gluconeogenic capacity as well as increased
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase activities.
      Adrenalectomized C-rats also responded to fasting with increased gluconeogenesis
      and PEPCK activity. In contrast, for both intact and adrenalectomized HP-fed
      rats, liver gluconeogenesis and PEPCK activity, which were already high in the
      fed state, did not change or even decreased slightly after fasting. 4. After food
      restriction, the rates of glucose replacement by adrenalectomized rats on the
      control diet were higher than those of intact animals on the same diet. This
      effect was not observed in HP-fed rats, in which the rates of glucose replacement
      were even slightly lower in adrenalectomized than in intact animals. 5. These
      data suggest that the mechanism of fasting-induced hypoglycemia after adrenal
      removal is different for HP and control rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3690061
TI  - Liver trophism in dogs made diabetic by total pancreatectomy or alloxan
      administration.
AB  - 1. In order to evaluate hepatic trophism in diabetic dogs, an experimental study
      was carried out on 30 adult mongrel dogs of both sexes weighing 11.9 +/- 1.6 kg,
      divided into three groups: 1) Controls (C) (N = 10), submitted to partial (30%)
      hepatectomy; 2) PD Animals (N = 10), submitted to partial hepatectomy plus total
      pancreatectomy with preservation of the duodenum during the same surgical
      intervention; 3) and AD Animals (N = 10), submitted to partial and simultaneously
      made diabetic with alloxan. 2. The animals were submitted to an oral glucose
      tolerance test (OGTT) one day before and on the 7th day after partial hepatectomy
      to evaluate the severity of diabetes. During the post-hepatectomy period the
      fasting glycemia values were similar for both diabetic groups (greater than 200
      mg%). During OGTT, blood glucose levels of the diabetic groups peaked at 60 min
      but were significantly higher for the AD than for the PD group. The difference
      persisted at 120 and 180 min, but was no longer statistically significant. 3.
      Liver trophism was evaluated by measuring liver RNA content and the nuclear
      volume of hepatocytes. Both diabetic groups showed significantly lower RNA
      contents and absence of nuclear hypertrophy compared to partially hepatectomized
      controls probably because of the severe diabetes induced in these animals.

PMID- 3690062
TI  - Immunofluorescent localization of vitamin B12-binding protein from sow's milk in
      the ileal mucosa of piglets.
AB  - Studies in vitro have shown that the vitamin B12-binding protein from sow's milk
      enhances vitamin B12 absorption by the neonatal piglet. In the present paper,
      localization of the milk vitamin B12 binding protein on the brush border membrane
      of intact ileal enterocytes was demonstrated by an immunocytochemical procedure
      in which the binding protein was incubated within isolated loops of ileum of
      anesthetized neonatal piglets.

PMID- 3690063
TI  - Services for elderly hearing-impaired people--are we the 'sound barrier'?

PMID- 3690064
TI  - The assessment of lipreading ability: some practical considerations in the use of
      the tracking procedure.
AB  - Continuous discourse tracking is potentially a very useful clinical technique and
      the practical difficulties it may present to the inexperienced user can readily
      be overcome. Some modifications to the traditional scoring procedure are
      described to provide a measure of fluency in addition to the basic word per
      minute score. Suggestions are offered regarding the practical management of the
      timing and the choice and preparation of the text. The procedure is discussed in
      the context of evaluating different augmentative approaches to lipreading for
      individual patients.

PMID- 3690065
TI  - Multivariate analyses of tinnitus complaint and change in tinnitus complaint: a
      masker study.
AB  - Multivariate statistical techniques were used to re-analyse the data from the
      recent DHSS multi-centre masker study. These analyses were undertaken to three
      ends. First, to clarify and attempt to replicate the previously found factor
      structure of complaints about tinnitus. Secondly, to attempt to identify common
      factors in the change or improvement measures pre- and post-masker treatment.
      Thirdly, to identify predictors of any such outcome factors. Two complaint
      factors were identified; 'Distress' and 'intrusiveness'. A series of analyses
      were conducted on change measures using different numbers of subjects and
      variables. When only semantic differential scales were used, the change factors
      were very similar to the complaint factors noted above. When variables measuring
      other aspects of improvement were included, several other factors were
      identified. These included; 'tinnitus helped', 'masking effects', 'residual
      inhibition' and 'matched loudness'. Twenty-five conceptually distinct predictors
      of outcome were identified. These predictor variables were quite different for
      different outcome factors. For example, high-frequency hearing loss was a
      predictor of tinnitus being helped by the masker, and a low frequency match and a
      low masking threshold predicted therapeutic success on residual inhibition.
      Decrease in matched loudness was predicted by louder tinnitus initially.

PMID- 3690066
TI  - Sound levels from personal cassette players.
AB  - Techniques have been devised whereby the levels at which users of personal
      cassette players listen to tape-recorded sounds through lightweight headphones
      may be measured and expressed in terms of free-field equivalent continuous A
      weighted sound pressure levels. Data have been obtained on over 60 users of such
      devices who variously listened, in laboratory and field conditions, to music and
      speech against quiet and noisy backgrounds. The results have been interpreted in
      terms of noise exposure. Comparison with damage risk criteria indicates that 5%
      of the sample are listening in such a manner that habitual use would constitute a
      damage risk to hearing.

PMID- 3690068
TI  - The use of flexible probe tubes in insertion gain measurement.
AB  - Possible errors in the measurement of insertion gain due to the use of flexible
      probe tubes are considered and three aspects are investigated. (i) Does the probe
      tube create an effective vent in the earmould/ear canal system? (ii) Does
      compressing the probe tube with the earmould affect insertion gain measurement?
      (iii) Is it possible for a well-fitting earmould to completely compress the probe
      tube and give entirely spurious results? Comparative measurements were taken
      using probe tubes passed through the earmould and around the earmould. The
      results showed that the worst intra-subject standard deviation for the effect of
      repositioning the probe tube was approximately 5 dB. A statistically significant
      but small (1.5 dB) effect was produced by the probe tube at 500 Hz. The errors
      due both to repositioning the probe tube and probe tube compression are
      significant only at 3 kHz where measurements on one subject showed a 7 dB shift.
      The effects of probe tube position, probe tube compression and change in
      placement from the centre of the ear canal to the side produced differences which
      were significant at 3 and 4 kHz, but again the effect is small (3.2 dB). Complete
      blockage and marked compression of the probe tube can lead to large measurement
      errors. However, it is unlikely that an experienced operator would accept data
      obtained under these conditions as real. The errors involved in using a flexible
      probe tube placed around the earmould appear to be within limits that will not
      affect hearing aid prescription to any material degree.

PMID- 3690067
TI  - Damage risk from personal cassette players.
AB  - Studies of the listening habits of personal cassette player users have been
      carried out in both Southampton and Turin. The results have been compared with
      other researches carried out independently in London and Nottingham. Patterns of
      noise exposure have been examined and estimates of hearing damage risk
      hypothesised. Habitual users of such devices could suffer adverse effects and
      should be aware of the symptoms associated with temporary threshold shifts in
      hearing.

PMID- 3690069
TI  - Auditory brainstem response artefact caused by caloric testing.
AB  - In the external ear canal, residual water from caloric testing or any other
      irrigation may act to simulate a conductive hearing loss and interfere with
      subsequent auditory brainstem response recording leading to increased latencies
      and reduced amplitudes. This artefact in the ABR may be mistaken for a
      retrocochlear lesion.

PMID- 3690070
TI  - British Society of Audiology short papers meeting on experimental studies of
      hearing and deafness. Brighton, 30 September-1 October 1986. Abstracts.

PMID- 3690071
TI  - On helping people with tinnitus to help themselves.

PMID- 3690072
TI  - The gay bowel syndrome.

PMID- 3690073
TI  - How our house physicians live now.

PMID- 3690074
TI  - Talking to patients.

PMID- 3690075
TI  - Prednisolone causing amelioration of both vitiligo and chronic active hepatitis.

PMID- 3690076
TI  - Checking equipment before anaesthesia.

PMID- 3690078
TI  - Picking the best PEP.

PMID- 3690077
TI  - How to fund your research.

PMID- 3690079
TI  - Be bold in unit trusts.

PMID- 3690080
TI  - Family planning for mentally handicapped girls.

PMID- 3690082
TI  - Prognostic importance of the "trying time".

PMID- 3690081
TI  - Forewarned is forearmed!

PMID- 3690083
TI  - Varicocele and male infertility.

PMID- 3690084
TI  - Norethisterone in postmenopausal osteoporosis.

PMID- 3690085
TI  - Organ donation the norm.

PMID- 3690086
TI  - Sex differences in depression.

PMID- 3690087
TI  - The posterior auricular flap: anatomical studies.
AB  - The aim of this study was to investigate the blood supply of the auriculomastoid
      skin and to prove the reliability of the posterior auricular vessels for supply
      of a skin flap in this region. This was done by means of studies of arteriograms,
      cadaver dissections, India ink perfusion, lead oxide injection and contact
      radiographs. Information from operative dissections performed in the course of
      superficial parotidectomies and neck dissections was included, as was information
      from 11 clinical flap transfers. The conclusion was drawn that the
      auriculomastoid skin could safely be transferred on the posterior auricular
      vessels, either as an island flap or as a free flap.

PMID- 3690088
TI  - The posterior auricular flap: intra-oral reconstruction.
AB  - During 1986, the posterior auricular flap was used, in the Northern Ireland
      Plastic and Maxillo-Facial Service, for the reconstruction of a variety of post
      excisional defects in the head and neck. In this paper, we present the results of
      its use in intra-oral defects. The operative technique is described in detail and
      representative case reports are presented. The posterior auricular flap would
      appear to have a role to play in the reconstruction of defects in the oral cavity
      as the skin quality equals that of the radial forearm flap, and in many cases it
      may be transferred as an island pedicle flap without the need for microvascular
      anastomosis.

PMID- 3690089
TI  - Wound closure by skin traction: an application of tissue expansion.
AB  - A speedy and simple technique of wound closure for use with multiple casualties
      is described. K wires are passed through the skin on either side of the wound and
      these are connected across the wound by silver wire. Daily twisting of the silver
      wire slowly approximates the wound edges to healing.

PMID- 3690090
TI  - Surgical treatment of traumatic facial dimples.
AB  - Traumatic cheek dimples are commonly encountered following trauma. The majority
      resolve spontaneously with time. In some cases dimples persist, leaving a
      cosmetic deformity particularly noticeable with movements of facial expression.
      We propose an operative technique for such cases where symptoms persist for a
      year or more. Our operative methods and representative cases are described.

PMID- 3690091
TI  - Cross-facial nerve transplants: why are spontaneous smiles not restored?
AB  - The technique of cross-facial nerve transplantation (CFNT), with or without the
      addition of vascularised muscle, has made it possible to achieve some voluntary
      movement of the paralysed side of the face in patients with unrecovered facial
      palsy. If normal faces are studied during conversation, it can be seen that there
      are two types of movement of the lips--those of emotional expression and those
      involved in the formation of vowel sounds and labial consonants. Smiles
      themselves can be classified roughly according to their length of muscle
      contraction--the longer "definitive" smile, and the shorter "flash" smile. It is
      the synergistic facial movement of the unpremeditated "flash" smile and the small
      movements in the formation of the vowel sounds and labial consonants which fail
      to occur in patients reanimated by revascularised, reinnervated muscle, despite
      the return of voluntary contraction and resting facial tone. This study was
      undertaken to try to determine why these synergistic facial movements of short
      duration are so difficult to achieve.

PMID- 3690092
TI  - Comparison of lip function: surgery vs radiotherapy.
AB  - This work was undertaken to compare lip function after surgery and after
      radiotherapy. In all, 37 patients were studied, 19 post-surgery and 18 after
      radiotherapy. Both physical lip parameters, such as intercommissural distance and
      soft tissue gape, as well as sensation and functional outcome, were assessed. The
      cure rates were found to be comparable in both groups. Our study shows functional
      benefits when radiotherapy is used as opposed to extensive surgery. This is due
      primarily to the loss of sensation and elasticity which follows surgery.

PMID- 3690093
TI  - Psychosocial adjustment of 20 patients with Treacher Collins syndrome before and
      after reconstructive surgery.
AB  - Eight males and 12 females (mean age, 12.2 years) with Treacher Collins syndrome
      were studied longitudinally before and after craniofacial reconstruction. The
      patients and the parents of the 16 patients who were children were interviewed by
      a psychosocial team (child psychiatrist, psychologist and social worker) 6 months
      before and 1, 2, 3 and 4 years after surgery. The patients' facial appearance
      (Hay's Rating Scale), intellectual ability (Wechsler scales), self-esteem (Piers
      Harris Self-Concept Scale for Children) and adaptive functioning (DSM III) were
      measured. The findings indicate that while their intellectual ability was
      unchanged, their appearance, self-esteem and adaptive functioning improved,
      peaking 1 year postoperatively and levelling off at the 2- and 4-year
      postoperative assessments. The improvement in the patients' facial appearance
      seems to have a direct, positive influence, creating psychosocial and social
      benefits for them.

PMID- 3690094
TI  - Assault and facial soft tissue injuries.
AB  - A hypothesis that facial wounds are the most common soft tissue injuries
      resulting from assault has been tested by examining the records of 225
      consecutive victims of assault (169 males, median age 22 years; 56 females,
      median age 24 years) attending the Accident and Emergency Department of the
      Bristol Royal Infirmary during 1984/85. Demographic factors including age and sex
      of patients and time, day and month of attendance were recorded. Results
      supported the hypothesis but significantly more men (72%) than women (57%) had
      facial injuries (chi 2 = 12.2, p = less than 0.01). Chest, abdominal and limb
      injuries were proportionately more frequent in women (p = less than 0.001).
      Middle third wounds were the commonest facial injuries (affecting 59% of
      patients) followed by upper third (25%) and lower third (16%). Left-sided facial
      injury was more common than right-sided (chi 2 = 14.6; p = less than 0.01). Young
      adult males most commonly attended, but very few elderly patients. "Risk" of
      assault appeared highest at weekends, between 10 pm and 2 am and between July and
      October. The involvement of plastic and oral surgeons in the treatment of assault
      victims is likely to be considerable.

PMID- 3690095
TI  - The complications of tissue expansion in breast reconstruction: a review of 75
      cases.
AB  - Seventy-five consecutive cases of breast reconstruction using tissue expansion
      are reviewed and the complications encountered are discussed. We conclude that,
      with careful patient selection, tissue expansion offers a simple, safe and
      reliable method of breast reconstruction.

PMID- 3690096
TI  - The development of bone after perichondrial grafting: an experimental study using
      ear and rib perichondrium in rabbits.
AB  - The development of bone after perichondrial grafting was investigated using
      rabbit ear and rib perichondrium. Sixty-four white adult female rabbits were
      used. Both free and vascularised perichondrial grafts were undertaken. In each
      case the chondrogenic potential of perichondrium was proved. Furthermore, when
      the perichondrium was vascularised or grafted in recipient sites having good
      blood circulation, the development of large areas of bone was observed around the
      regenerated cartilage.

PMID- 3690097
TI  - Duplication of the pinna (polyotia) in a case of Brachmann-de Lange syndrome.
AB  - A rare case of polyotia in Brachmann-de Lange syndrome (Goodman and Gorlin, 1977)
      is presented and a method for the surgical correction of the duplicated auricle
      briefly outlined. A review of relevant literature is included in the discussion.

PMID- 3690098
TI  - A combination of unusual abnormalities of the lachrymal apparatus and nostrils in
      a case of bilateral cleft with choanal atresia.
AB  - An unusual congenital anomaly of a bilateral complete cleft of the primary
      palate, a complete cleft of the left secondary palate with abnormal nostrils
      without external openings and right choanal atresia is presented. The child also
      has a lachrymal fistula below the right lower eyelid and a coloboma of the same
      eyelid medially. Neither lachrymal system drained into the nose.

PMID- 3690099
TI  - Economical use of the "groin" flap: then and now.
AB  - It is uncommon to be able to use the same flap to resurface a defect of the hand
      and another extremity of the body. Two cases are presented. In one, the hand and
      neck and in the other, the hand and foot were resurfaced from the same flap. In
      the former a tubed pedicle flap was used and in the latter, part of a groin flap
      was transferred as a free flap.

PMID- 3690100
TI  - The management of hypospadias: its relevance to surgical training in the
      principles and practice of plastic surgery.

PMID- 3690102
TI  - The symptoms of chronic schizophrenia. A re-examination of the positive-negative
      dichotomy.
AB  - The relationships between symptoms in 40 schizophrenic patients, selected for
      persistence of symptoms, were examined. The symptoms segregated into three
      syndromes: psychomotor poverty (poverty of speech, lack of spontaneous movement
      and various aspects of blunting of affect); disorganisation (inappropriate
      affect, poverty of content of speech, and disturbances of the form of thought);
      and reality distortion (particular types of delusions and hallucinations). Both
      the psychomotor poverty and disorganisation syndromes were associated with social
      and occupational impairment; in particular, the psychomotor poverty syndrome was
      associated with impairment of personal relationships, and the disorganisation
      syndrome with poor self-care and impersistence at work.

PMID- 3690101
TI  - Proceedings of the British Pharmacological Society. Oxford, 9th-11th September
      1987. Abstracts.

PMID- 3690103
TI  - Expressed emotion and schizophrenia in north India. I. Cross-cultural transfer of
      ratings of relatives' expressed emotion.
AB  - A bilingual rater was trained in English in a technique of assessing relatives
      emotional attitudes to patients, and was then required to rate material in Hindi
      without any further experience. This strategy revealed that the rating of
      critical comments, hostility and positive remarks could be transferred from
      English to Hindi without distortion. There were problems with the remaining two
      scales, over-involvement and warmth, but these were due to technical issues
      connected with rating and not to cross-cultural distortion.

PMID- 3690104
TI  - Expressed emotion and schizophrenia in north India. II. Distribution of expressed
      emotion components among relatives of schizophrenic patients in Aarhus and
      Chandigarh.
AB  - We measured the components of expressed emotion among two samples of relatives of
      first-contact patients from Aarhus (Denmark) and Chandigarh (India). The Danes
      were very similar in most respects to samples of British relatives, whereas the
      Indian relatives expressed significantly fewer critical comments, fewer positive
      remarks, and less over-involvement. Within the Chandigarh sample, city-dwellers
      were significantly more expressive than villagers of all EE components except
      over-involvement.

PMID- 3690105
TI  - Expressed emotion and schizophrenia in north India. III. Influence of relatives'
      expressed emotion on the course of schizophrenia in Chandigarh.
AB  - We conducted a one-year follow-up of patients who had made a first contact with
      psychiatric services in Chandigarh, North India, and had been assigned a
      diagnosis of schizophrenia. The expressed emotion (EE) of the patients' relatives
      was assessed early on. We found the same associations between the individual
      components of EE and relapse of schizophrenia as in previous Anglo-American
      studies, but only the association between hostility and relapse was statistically
      significant. Applying the same criteria as in the Anglo-American studies for
      'high EE', we found a significant relationship between high EE and relapse rates.
      We conclude that the significantly better outcome of Chandigarh first-contact
      patients compared with a London sample is largely due to the significantly lower
      proportion of high-EE relatives in the North Indian sample.

PMID- 3690106
TI  - Expressed emotion in individual and family settings: a comparative study.
AB  - Expressed emotion ratings were performed, in two separate settings, on the
      parents of 20 children suffering from anorexia nervosa. Ratings were made on
      conventional individual interviews and on videotapes of a family interview.
      Comparison of ratings in the two settings showed a very high correlation for
      'critical comments'. Findings on the other scales were harder to interpret, but
      significant correlations as well as differences were noted. Expressed emotion
      rated in family interviews provides new possibilities for the study of families.

PMID- 3690107
TI  - The impact of recent undesirable life events on psychiatric disorders in
      childhood and adolescence.
AB  - The timing and number of recent stressful life events occurring in the year
      before onset of emotional or behavioural disorder was examined in a consecutive
      sample of children. Overall, events increase the relative risk of psychiatric
      disorder by 3-6 times. Events occur throughout the 12 months, but tend to cluster
      in the 16 weeks nearest onset of symptoms. The number of events influences the
      onset of disorder: cases with multiple events are more likely to have an event
      within 16 weeks of onset; cases with single events are more likely to have the
      event 36-52 weeks before onset. Cases whose onset occurs within 4 weeks of an
      event may have experienced single or multiple events. The results support the
      concept of additivity of recent stressful events in some cases of emotional and
      behavioural disorders in childhood.

PMID- 3690108
TI  - Brief psychotherapy in the treatment of anorexia nervosa. Outcome at one year.
AB  - Thirty out-patients with severe anorexia nervosa were randomly allocated to
      either 12 sessions of dietary advice or 12 sessions of combined individual and
      family psychotherapy. At one-year follow-up both groups showed significant
      overall improvement, and the dietary advice group showed significant weight gain.
      A similar mean weight gain for the psychotherapy patients did not reach
      statistical significance, but this group made significant improvements in sexual
      and social adjustment.

PMID- 3690109
TI  - Depressed mood after stroke. A community study of its frequency.
AB  - A community study on stroke registered 976 patients. Over 60% of survivors at
      three weeks, six months and 12 months after the stroke were assessed for
      depressed mood, using the Wakefield self-assessment depression inventory, and on
      other functional and social activities. At each point, 25-30% of those assessed
      were depressed; over 50% of patients depressed at three weeks remained so at one
      year. Factors associated with depression included loss of functional
      independence, a low level of other activities, a low reasoning ability, and being
      female and living with someone; path analysis showed that most depression was not
      explained by these factors. Few depressed patients at six months were on
      antidepressant medication.

PMID- 3690110
TI  - Correlation between the 37-item mental test score and abbreviated 10-item mental
      test score by psychogeriatric day patients.
AB  - Groups of organically and functionally mentally ill psychogeriatric day patients
      were assessed by the 37-item Roth-Hopkins test and the abbreviated ten-item Roth
      Hopkins test. The scores correlated highly, correlation being equally good for
      both diagnostic groups. Among the functionally ill and the mild organically ill,
      scores improved between first and second test. The quicker, better tolerated ten
      item test is a useful test of mental impairment for psychogeriatric patients in
      the community, as well as in institutional care.

PMID- 3690111
TI  - Clomipramine, tryptophan and lithium in combination for resistant endogenous
      depression: seven case studies.
AB  - Seven patients suffering from severe endogenous depression who had proven
      resistant to lengthy trials of treatment with tricyclic and other antidepressants
      are described. Their successful treatment with a combination of clomipramine, L
      tryptophan and lithium is discussed in the context of other strategies for the
      treatment of resistant depression.

PMID- 3690112
TI  - Suicide in Scottish prisons.
AB  - A consecutive series of prison suicides in Scotland between 1970 and 1982 was
      examined. The initial phase of imprisonment was found to be the most vulnerable
      stage of confinement, with almost two-thirds of the deaths having taken place
      within the first month. A disproportionately high number were found to be on
      remand. A history of some form of psychiatric involvement was common, and a third
      of the group had received previous psychiatric inpatient treatment. In contrast
      to results from general population studies, there was little evidence to link
      suicide with a history of depressive illness. A record of problems with either
      alcohol or drug dependence was found in almost half the cases. The importance of
      general measures designed to reduce stress and promote coping mechanisms is
      emphasised.

PMID- 3690113
TI  - Explorations of a crisis intervention service.
AB  - Descriptive studies of a crisis intervention service replicated previous findings
      of relationships between staff members' attitudes towards treatment and their
      'personal styles'. The attitudes and personal styles of crisis team members and
      non-members differed, largely because of differences in the professions making up
      these groups. While all staff groups shared the same concept of crisis, they
      differed in their discrimination of crisis cases from 'furores'. Initial crisis
      intervention interviews exhibited more confrontation and less exploration by
      therapists than did initial psychiatric out-patient clinic interviews. Patients
      referred to the crisis team differed from significant other people in their
      lives, and from control patients referred to the ordinary out-patient clinic, in
      aspects of their perception of problems.

PMID- 3690114
TI  - Referrals to a Scottish drug dependence unit. A descriptive study.
AB  - The social and demographic characteristics, drug history and current levels of
      drug taking, drug-related illnesses, and criminal records of a one year cohort of
      attenders at the Southern General Hospital are described. The findings are
      compared with those of previous studies at the same clinic; made when methadone
      was prescribed for a limited period in reducing dosage and when this policy was
      being replaced by one of the use opiate-free drugs to cover withdrawal.

PMID- 3690115
TI  - Comparison of electrical measurements on constant voltage and constant current
      ECT machines.
AB  - Electrical measurements were made during treatment of two groups of patients, one
      group receiving treatment from a constant current ECT machine and the other from
      a constant voltage machine. The electrical impedance and energy were calculated
      and compared for the two groups. More energy was delivered by the constant
      voltage than by the constant current machine, but the spread of energy delivered
      was comparable. With a consistent technique for applying the electrodes there is
      little to choose between these machines, but the constant current machine may be
      preferred where consistency cannot be achieved.

PMID- 3690116
TI  - Varieties of combat stress reaction. An immunological metaphor.
AB  - The use of an immunological metaphor allows the incorporation of established
      theoretical ideas about trauma and stress in an integrative way which enables
      delineation and illustration of several varieties of combat stress reaction,
      including subtle forms of that condition which do not often appear in post
      traumatic stress disorder literature.

PMID- 3690117
TI  - Heroin abusers in psychiatric beds. A Glasgow study.
AB  - A retrospective study was carried out of all heroin abusers admitted to an acute
      psychiatric unit to examine their use of the facility of in-patient care. The
      compliance with treatment was low. Most patients discharged themselves or were
      discharged prematurely for using drugs while in the ward; only 21% were
      discharged as planned. The value of hospital admission in the management of
      opiate abusers may have to be reconsidered in view of the increasing prevalence
      of heroin abuse and the limited number of psychiatric beds.

PMID- 3690118
TI  - Capgras syndrome: a case report from Zimbabwe.
AB  - A case of Capgras syndrome in a black Zimbabwean patient is described. The
      syndrome occurs in the setting of a schizophrenic illness, but psychodynamic
      factors are readily identified despite the patient's different cultural
      background.

PMID- 3690119
TI  - Ganser syndrome. A case report and discussion.
AB  - A case of Ganser syndrome occurring in an 11 year-old Indian boy is described,
      and the psychodynamics and nosological status of the syndrome discussed. Ganser
      syndrome should be regarded as a hysterical state, and should not be confused
      with the similar picture observed in organic brain syndromes and psychoses.

PMID- 3690120
TI  - Capgras syndrome--an unusual case and discussion of psychodynamic factors.
AB  - A case of Capgras syndrome associated with extreme violent behaviour is
      described. The patient's psychodynamics support the belief that the Capgras
      delusion initially arises from an altered affective response towards one or more
      others and proceeds to intolerable ambivalent feelings. This ambivalence is
      neutralised through the imagined existence of doubles.

PMID- 3690121
TI  - Hostility and deliberate self-poisoning.

PMID- 3690122
TI  - Self-poisoning and suicide attempts by burning.

PMID- 3690124
TI  - Late paraphrenia or the paraphrenias.

PMID- 3690123
TI  - No fixed abode.

PMID- 3690125
TI  - Comparative trial of a new antidepressant.

PMID- 3690126
TI  - Concept of mild endogenous depression.

PMID- 3690127
TI  - Delusional infestation in late life.

PMID- 3690128
TI  - Hysterical personality disorder.

PMID- 3690129
TI  - Capgras' syndrome in a patient with dementia.

PMID- 3690130
TI  - Trazodone-induced mania.

PMID- 3690131
TI  - Erotomania and cerebral dysfunction.

PMID- 3690132
TI  - Italian psychiatry.

PMID- 3690133
TI  - The effects of pregnancy on the rheumatic diseases.

PMID- 3690134
TI  - Rheumatological disorders and monoclonal gammopathy--a new syndrome?

PMID- 3690136
TI  - Cholesterol crystals in shoulder synovial fluid.
AB  - Samples of 1945 synovial fluids have been examined from patients with a wide
      variety of joint disorders. Typical cholesterol crystals were seen in only 14 of
      these samples, all from the shoulders of six patients with severe rheumatoid
      arthritis and persistent shoulder effusions.

PMID- 3690135
TI  - Epidurography in the management of sciatica.
AB  - Fifty consecutive patients starting treatment for sciatica with epidural
      injections of steroid and local anaesthetic underwent concomitant epidurography.
      The prognostic potential of this combination was investigated. Epidurography was
      confirmed as a safe out-patient procedure. Incorrect needle siting accounted for
      five total and two partial failures. The procedure was found to be a sensitive
      investigation, 36 showing definite abnormalities. It was of particular value in
      the diagnosis of lateral canal stenosis. However, it was found to have no
      prognostic value. For 12 of 16 patients requiring invasive therapy, it was
      considered that epidurography would have obviated later radiculography had the
      results been known. It is suggested that the combination of this out-patient
      investigation with the last of three epidural anaesthetic injections in patients
      whose symptoms persist, represents an improvement in management both financially
      and in terms of patient convenience.

PMID- 3690137
TI  - Decreased bioactivity of circulating prolactin in patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis.
AB  - Growth hormone and prolactin (PRL) were measured by radio-immunoassay in sera of
      36 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (24 females and 12 males) and of 50 normal
      blood donors (25 males and 25 females). The bioactivity of PRL was also
      determined for both groups, using the Nb2 rat lymphoma proliferation assay.
      Although no significant difference was found between serum PRL values of patients
      and controls when determined by radio-immunoassay, the bioactivity of PRL was
      significantly decreased in patients' sera, when compared to values obtained in
      age and sex-matched controls. This decreased PRL bioactivity could not be
      attributed to drug treatments administered to the patients examined.

PMID- 3690138
TI  - Mortality from systemic lupus erythematosus in England and Wales, 1974-1983.
AB  - Mortality rates from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in England and Wales were
      estimated from Office of Population Censuses and Surveys data from 1974 to 1983,
      by age and sex. Age-specific average annual mortality rates showed unimodal
      distributions for both sexes with maximal death rates in the 65-74-year age
      groups. The overall age-adjusted mortality rate for females was about four times
      that in males, 3.94 versus 1.02 per million person-years, respectively.
      Examination of individual age-specific rates showed an early sharp rise in
      females producing female-to-male ratios which exceeded 10 in the 25-34-year age
      group. Age-adjusted annual mortality rates in females significantly declined
      during the 10-year interval studied from 4.47 to 2.99 per million person-years (p
      = 0.0083). These patterns of mortality from SLE observed in England and Wales are
      comparable to those reported among Caucasians in the United States during a
      similar time period.

PMID- 3690139
TI  - Joint mobility and mitral valve prolapse in an Arab population.
AB  - The association of joint laxity and mitral valve prolapse (MVP) has been
      disputed. In this study of an Arab population, the joint mobility scores of 29
      subjects with MVP, 10 of whom were asymptomatic, were compared to 60 normal
      controls. It was found that the joint mobility score was significantly higher in
      both the asymptomatic and the symptomatic subjects with MVP when compared to the
      controls. This suggests that both mitral valve prolapse and joint laxity may be
      due to the same abnormality of connective tissue structure.

PMID- 3690140
TI  - Plasma oxipurinol concentrations during allopurinol therapy.
AB  - The plasma concentrations of oxipurinol, the chief metabolite of allopurinol,
      were studied in 66 patients with gout in whom the dose of allopurinol varied
      between 100 and 400 mg per day. Renal function ranged from normal to moderately
      impaired. Plasma oxipurinol concentrations correlated directly with both
      allopurinol dosage and with renal glomerular function as reflected by the plasma
      creatinine concentration. Plasma oxipurinol concentrations between 30 and 100
      mumol/l were generally effective in controlling hyperuricaemia. However,
      oxipurinol concentrations usually rose above this range if the daily dose of
      allopurinol exceeded 300 mg in patients with plasma creatinine concentrations of
      0.2 mmol/l or more. In patients with normal renal function, a rise of the plasma
      xanthine concentration to between 6 and 9 mumol/l suggested a satisfactory degree
      of xanthine oxidase inhibition. These measurements are particularly useful in
      patients who are still hyperuricaemic despite the usual doses of allopurinol.

PMID- 3690141
TI  - Costs of providing a rheumatological service.
AB  - As a result of a management budgeting exercise, the costs of rheumatology
      services in two hospitals in the Northern Region have been calculated. These
      comprehensive and itemized charges were derived by an external group of
      accountants. The data for a 1-year period from April 1985 are presented.
      Differences in both mean out-patient-visit and in-patient bed-day charges between
      hospitals were found. Factors contributing to these differences are discussed.
      The major costs, particularly of in-patient care, are not directly controllable
      by the clinician. Mean costs per out-patient visit were 26.00 pounds and 36.90
      pounds at the two hospitals. Costs for in-patient care per bed-day were 49.00
      pounds and 70.71 pounds, respectively. The calculated total cost of the
      rheumatology service in Newcastle was approximately 1.00 pound per capita
      catchment population per annum.

PMID- 3690142
TI  - Heel pain in sarcoidosis--is sarcoid a cause of spondarthropathy?

PMID- 3690143
TI  - Epididymo-orchitis in Behcets disease.

PMID- 3690144
TI  - Polymyalgia rheumatica with bilateral subclavian artery occlusion.

PMID- 3690145
TI  - Differential diagnosis in a patient with secondary Sjogren's syndrome and
      neuromuscular complications.

PMID- 3690146
TI  - A reason to use lignocaine-containing solutions with circumspection in
      arthrocentesis.

PMID- 3690147
TI  - Adenocarcinoma of the lung presenting with Raynaud's phenomenon, digital gangrene
      and multiple infarctions in the internal organs.

PMID- 3690148
TI  - Fenbufen-associated pneumonitis.

PMID- 3690149
TI  - A review of cervical-spine radiographs in casualty patients.
AB  - This study reviews the radiographs and clinical case notes of 897 patients who
      attended the Accident and Emergency (A & E) Department of Leicester Royal
      Infirmary, over an 8-month period, for whom radiographs of the cervical spine
      were requested. The radiological interpretations by the casualty officers and
      junior radiologists in training were compared with those by a consultant
      radiologist and large discrepancies were observed. There was a predominance of
      fractures and subluxations at the levels of C1 and C2, and at C7 and T1. A study
      of the adequacy of the radiographs has shown that 90% of the lateral radiographs
      included C7 but only 57% included T1. Through-the-mouth views were adequate for
      interpretation in 67% of cases. The practice of the A & E and radiology
      departments at the Leicester Royal Infirmary is briefly described. The poor
      performance of the casualty officers and junior radiologists is discussed and
      suggestions made which might improve the accuracy of the radiological diagnosis
      of cervical-spine injuries in the A & E department.

PMID- 3690150
TI  - Intracavitary irradiation of endometrial cancer of large uteri using a two-phase
      afterloading technique.
AB  - A specific intracavitary two-phase technique was developed for irradiation of
      endometrial cancer located in uteri with a large uterine cavity. In this
      technique an insertion catheter (external diameter 9 mm) was used for the
      introduction and precise location of the treatment catheter (external diameter
      6.4 mm). During the first phase of the therapy, one lateral half of the uterine
      body was irradiated. Thereafter the positions of the catheters were changed by
      180 degrees, followed by irradiation of the other lateral half of the uterine
      body. Using a wax phantom and extirpated uteri as models, we observed that the
      dose distributions followed the uterine shape and the calculated doses in the
      radiographs. Clinical observations from 34 patients treated so far, and followed
      up for periods of 3 months to 6 years, prove that this method yields similar
      results to those observed in previous studies employing the Heyman packing method
      or afterloading techniques with a one-source tandem in the intracavitary
      irradiation of endometrial cancer.

PMID- 3690151
TI  - The influence of field size on the late tolerance of the rat spinal cord to
      single doses of X rays.
AB  - Varying lengths of the cervical spinal cord of rats were irradiated with single
      doses of X rays. Dose-related changes in the latency for the development of
      paralysis, or for the presence of histological lesions in the spinal cord,
      indicated a dependency on the length of spine irradiated. The dose associated
      with a specified latency increased as the field size was reduced from 16 mm to 4
      mm. A more precise indication of the importance of field size came from a
      determination of the ED50 values for rats developing paralysis in less than 30
      weeks of irradiation or from those that showed neurological signs, or
      histological evidence, of irradiation damage, occurring after latent periods of
      greater than 30 weeks. These end-points were primarily related to white-matter
      necrosis and gross vascular damage respectively. For paralysis in greater than 30
      weeks the ED50 increased markedly from 21.5 +/- 0.3 Gy for a 16 mm field to 50.98
      +/- 2.28 Gy when a 4 mm length of cord was irradiated. For vascular lesions only
      a small change in ED50 value was found, from 20.0 +/- 0.5 Gy to 25.58 +/- 2.78 Gy
      for 16 mm and 4 mm fields respectively. At less than or equal to ED25 no evidence
      for a field-size effect was seen for this late lesion. These results were
      examined in the light of some old and some more recently analysed clinical data
      for radiation myelopathy. It is hoped that this will initiate other
      investigations in this important area of radiotherapy practice.

PMID- 3690152
TI  - Dose-dependent and time-dependent changes in the choroid plexus of the irradiated
      rat brain.
AB  - A histological assessment has been made of both time- and dose-related changes in
      the choroid plexus after the local irradiation of the rat brain with single doses
      of 17.5-25 Gy of X rays. These investigations involved the serial killing of
      animals 1-52 weeks after irradiation and the quantitative and semiquantitative
      evaluation of histological sections. Counts of the relative number of cells in
      the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricles showed an atrophy of the epithelial
      layer after 13 weeks. However, this was not as marked as the reduction in the
      number of endothelial cells in the wall of blood vessels. Moreover, the
      epithelium had recovered by 39 weeks after irradiation, while the dose-related
      depletion in endothelial cells tended to be progressive. A highly correlated
      group of changes in the vascular-connective tissue was used to produce a
      numerical "factor". This represented a combined score of radiation damage which
      was both time- and dose-related. These data suggest that, as an expression of
      late radiation damage to the choroid plexus, the effect on the endothelium was
      more important than that to the epithelial cells.

PMID- 3690153
TI  - Use of a microcomputer for the estimation of X-ray dose received by the fetus.

PMID- 3690154
TI  - A case of mitozantrone-associated cardiomyopathy without prior anthracycline
      therapy.

PMID- 3690155
TI  - Asymmetrical pulmonary oedema due to Swyer-James syndrome.

PMID- 3690156
TI  - Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung in a young adult.

PMID- 3690158
TI  - Detection of mesenteric involvement in sarcoidosis using computed tomography.

PMID- 3690157
TI  - Lymph-node calcification in Lennert's lymphoma.

PMID- 3690159
TI  - The radiological findings in syphilitic proctitis.

PMID- 3690160
TI  - An unusual inguinal swelling.

PMID- 3690161
TI  - The use of endoscopic ultrasound and laser photocoagulation in the treatment of
      gastrointestinal tract tumours: early experience.

PMID- 3690162
TI  - The Chernobyl reactor accident: the impact on the United Kingdom.
AB  - I had originally thought that by this time, nearly 1 year after the Chernobyl
      reactor accident, I would be in a position to describe fully its impact on the UK
      in terms of radiation doses, economics and future emergency planning. However,
      only one of these is reasonably clear-the radiological impact. We shall continue
      our measurements, particularly those of activity in persons, and doubtless we
      shall refine our estimates of collective dose, but they are unlikely to change
      significantly. We can therefore be certain that the radiological impact on the UK
      was small and that the health effects will not be detectable. Predictions of the
      consequences of accidental releases of radionuclides have in the past, perforce,
      relied upon models of environmental transfer. Data on which the models are based
      were obtained from investigations of weapons fallout and of routine releases from
      nuclear facilities. The Chernobyl accident provided a situation of activity
      deposition that was well characterised in time and in geographical distribution,
      and measurements along environmental pathways will allow us to validate or refine
      our models. This accidental deposition reinforced the importance of some effects
      that we knew about-such as the importance of wet deposition-and will cause us to
      consider the need to take account of specific situations that we had not
      considered previously in adequate detail-in particular, the behaviour of
      radionuclides in upland ecosystems. The overall economic impact is not yet clear
      and, unfortunately, is unlikely to become so until all restrictions on the
      movement and slaughter of sheep are removed and the farmers have received
      compensation. The effect on international trade may never be quantified. Some
      international agencies are evaluating the consequences of Chernobyl and their
      reports will become available during 1987. International agreements on
      intervention levels are also still under discussion and it would be premature to
      speculate about the need for any fundamental revisions to Emergency Reference
      Levels and derived quantities. Similarly, we are aware of the need for revision
      of the national emergency plan, but we are awaiting the government decision on
      this. One effect of the Chernobyl accident, however, is clear: the public's
      awareness of radiation issues has reached a new height. Members of the public
      demand information and advice, and better means of communicating these must be
      provided. Advice to take some action may provoke unnecessary alarm, but advice
      that no action is required may be distrusted. We cautiously assume that any dose,
      no matter how small, has some deleterious effect and yet, in situations of
      accidental releases, we may tell the public that no actions are required to
      reduced doses that they may consider appreciable and avoidable. We clearly need
      to promote a better understanding of the nature and acceptability of the risk of
      radiation doses in such circumstances and we intend to do so.

PMID- 3690163
TI  - Medical and radiobiological basis of radiation accident management.

PMID- 3690164
TI  - Experience of a specialised centre in the organisation of medical care of persons
      exposed during a nuclear reactor accident.

PMID- 3690165
TI  - The role of NHS hospitals in the preparedness for nuclear accidents.

PMID- 3690166
TI  - United Kingdom nuclear reactor design and operation.

PMID- 3690167
TI  - Nuclear reactor accidents: preparedness and medical consequences. Emergency
      planning.

PMID- 3690168
TI  - Nuclear emergencies: medical preparedness.

PMID- 3690169
TI  - Reactor accidents in perspective.

PMID- 3690170
TI  - The effect of oral magnesium-containing bowel preparation agents on mucosal
      coating by barium sulphate suspensions.
AB  - Alteration in the quality of mucosal coating by barium sulphate suspension
      observed during double-contrast barium enema (DCBE) examinations when an oral
      magnesium-containing purgative (Picolax) was used as sole bowel preparation has
      been investigated in vivo. Small amounts of Picolax were found to produce a
      linear increase in apparent viscosity and thixotropy, due to flocculation. The
      effect of equivalent concentrations of acid was significantly less (p less than
      0.01), and of magnesium chloride was significantly greater (p less than 0.05),
      whereas magnesium citrate was comparable to Picolax, demonstrating the
      deflocculating effect of citrate on the flocculating action of magnesium ions. It
      is suggested that colonic residue from orally ingested magnesium-containing
      purgatives may contain sufficient magnesium ions to increase viscosity of the
      barium suspension and visibly affect its coating during DCBE.

PMID- 3690172
TI  - An unusual cause of haemobilia.

PMID- 3690171
TI  - The association of post-radiation thyroid nodular disease with compensated
      hypothyroidism.

PMID- 3690173
TI  - "All's well that ends well".

PMID- 3690174
TI  - Barium embolisation during barium enema examination.

PMID- 3690175
TI  - Breast screening in China.

PMID- 3690176
TI  - Modification of the Selectron standard applicator for gynaecological treatments.

PMID- 3690177
TI  - Parathyroid hormone and electrolytes during long-term treatment with allopurinol
      and thiazide.
AB  - We have investigated the composition of plasma and urine in patients with
      recurrent calcium calculi treated with allopurinol alone, thiazide alone, and
      both agents together for more than 18 months, and compared the results with those
      of patients receiving no treatment. In patients treated with allopurinol, both
      plasma and urinary uric acid were decreased, and plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH)
      and urinary calcium were increased between 1 and 2 years after treatment. In
      patients treated with thiazide, plasma calcium was decreased 3 months after
      treatment but then increased gradually, although the pre-treatment level was not
      reached. Urinary calcium was decreased 3 months after treatment but returned to
      pre-treatment levels at 6 and 12 months. Plasma PTH was gradually increased. In
      patients treated with both allopurinol and thiazide, plasma and urinary uric
      acid, plasma potassium and urinary calcium were decreased during treatment.
      Plasma PTH increased gradually during treatment. In patients receiving no
      treatment, the composition of plasma and urine did not alter during follow-up.
      The reasons for the changes in urinary calcium and plasma PTH have been
      discussed.

PMID- 3690178
TI  - Radiation dose to patient and staff during percutaneous nephrostolithotomy.
AB  - The radiation dose to the patient and to members of staff was monitored during 18
      procedures for the percutaneous removal of renal stones. It was found that the
      radiation dose to the patient was minimal and was about the same as for an IVU.
      The overall dose to the staff was acceptably low and within safety limits. It was
      concluded that PCNL is a safe procedure from the radiation point of view but it
      may be advisable to take certain precautions if the workload is high.

PMID- 3690179
TI  - Early repair of accidental injury to the ureter or bladder following
      gynaecological surgery.
AB  - Operative injury to the ureter or bladder in 59 women who had received no
      previous pelvic radiotherapy was repaired as soon as possible after referral. In
      32, this was less than 6 weeks from the injury, while in 27 patients the delay in
      referral was greater than 6 weeks. Ureteric injuries in 40 patients (43 ureters)
      were repaired by the Boari-Ockerblad technique. Post-operative vesicovaginal
      fistulae in 19 women were repaired transvesically with an omental patch. Primary
      healing was obtained in all cases whether early or late. These results support
      our recommendation for early intervention in these injuries.

PMID- 3690180
TI  - Polymer treatments reduce adhesion of comminuted stone in rat bladder.
AB  - A method for inhibiting the adhesion of stone fragments in comminution is
      presented. Surfaces are coated with a molecular layer of so-called "excluding"
      polymer. In experimental tests, rat bladders were injected with comminuted
      urinary stone (phosphate or oxalate) in saline which contained small amounts of
      excluding polymer (0.1% hyaluronic acid or polyvinyl pyrrholidone). The urinary
      tract was then irrigated with fresh polymer solution and examined for residual
      stone. A ten-fold reduction in particle count was obtained, compared with
      irrigation with normal saline. The possible applications in percutaneous and
      extracorporeal lithotripsy are discussed. It seems that the "coagulum" and
      "exclusion" types of polymer irrigant might find complementary uses: the former
      for manual extraction of coarse particles and the latter for flushing out after
      fine comminution.

PMID- 3690181
TI  - Incontinence in female neurogenic bladders. Resolution by endoscopic bladder neck
      suspension.
AB  - Five incontinent females with neurogenic bladder diseases underwent endoscopic
      vesical neck suspension (Stamey procedure). Four patients have become dry on
      clean intermittent catheterisation and one has shown improvement. Bladder
      capacity was increased to a reasonable size in all patients. There has been no
      upper tract deterioration during the follow-up period of 3 to 25 months. We
      believe that the Stamey procedure is useful in alleviating urinary incontinence
      in neurogenic bladders provided that the bladder is drained regularly by
      intermittent catheterisation and that low detrusor compliance or detrusor hyper
      reflexia is adequately managed.

PMID- 3690182
TI  - Endoscopic bladder transection for detrusor instability.
AB  - Eighteen patients with intractable detrusor instability were treated by
      endoscopic bladder transection. In two patients there was complete symptomatic
      relief. Two more were rendered continent but continued to complain of urgency and
      nocturia. The remaining 14 patients were not improved by the procedure. These
      results have caused us to abandon this operation as a treatment for detrusor
      instability.

PMID- 3690183
TI  - Vaginal pressure as an index of intra-abdominal pressure during urodynamic
      evaluation.
AB  - Vaginal pressure was measured using balloon catheters in 20 patients and open
      ended fluid-filled catheters in another 21. The results showed excellent
      correlation between vaginal, vesical and rectal pressures in response to changes
      in abdominal pressure.

PMID- 3690184
TI  - The "congenital" wide bladder neck anomaly: a common cause of incontinence in
      children.
AB  - In a study of 251 children (108 boys, 143 girls) undergoing videourodynamic
      studies for the assessment of non-neuropathic bladder dysfunction, 45 (19%) were
      found to have a wide bladder neck as their primary abnormality. Based on these
      studies there is evidence that the wide bladder neck anomaly is congenital in
      origin. In addition to producing significant urinary symptoms in childhood, this
      anomaly may provide a basis for stress incontinence in later life.

PMID- 3690185
TI  - Transitional cell carcinoma in patients under forty years of age.
AB  - Transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract in patients under the age of 40
      is often thought to be a milder form than in the older age groups. However, the
      literature provides little information on this and is contradictory. We report a
      series which shows that there is a significant recurrence rate, albeit less than
      in those aged over 40. The tumours were predominantly low grade and low stage and
      none could be described as aggressive.

PMID- 3690186
TI  - In vivo localisation of human urinary bladder carcinoma xenograft in nude mice
      using radiolabelled monoclonal antibody.
AB  - Monoclonal antibody 1G3.10 (mouse IgG3) against the human urinary bladder
      carcinoma TSGH-8301 was isolated from hybridoma ascites and labelled with
      radioiodine. The antibody reacts with a cell surface antigen preferentially
      expressed in human bladder carcinoma. Binding studies in vitro demonstrated that
      its specificity for antigen was retained after iodination. The clearance of the
      radiolabelled monoclonal antibody was not modified by the presence of the tumour.
      In vivo localisation of the radiolabelled antibody and control normal IgG to
      tumour xenograft was determined by counting the tissue radioactivity and by
      external gamma ray scintigraphy with computer analysis of the region of interest
      at various times after the intravenous injection of radiolabelled antibodies.
      Maximum tumour-to-blood radioactivity (4.5) was obtained 4 days after antibody
      injection. There was no tumour localisation of radiolabelled normal IgG.
      Specificity of the localisation was also confirmed by using a non-reactive colon
      carcinoma xenograft. Distinct tumour images were obtained without the use of
      subtraction techniques. These studies of human bladder tumour localisation using
      this monoclonal antibody show its obvious potential for clinical use.

PMID- 3690187
TI  - Intravesical BCG therapy in the management of multiple superficial bladder
      carcinoma. Comparison between Glaxo and Pasteur strains.
AB  - Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy in the treatment and
      prophylaxis of superficial bladder cancer has shown encouraging results in North
      America but disappointing results have been reported in Great Britain. This was
      attributed to differences in quality between BCG (Glaxo strain) used in Great
      Britain and BCG (Pasteur and Tice strains) used in North America. Twenty-one
      patients with multiple superficial recurrent transitional cell carcinoma of the
      bladder were entered into a pilot study comparing the efficacy of BCG Glaxo
      (Evans Medical Ltd, Dunstable, UK) and Pasteur (L'Institut Pasteur, France)
      strains. Comparable and encouraging results were demonstrated, indicating that
      this mode of therapy is effective.

PMID- 3690188
TI  - The diagnostic value of human chorionic gonadotrophin in patients with testicular
      seminoma.
AB  - Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) was measured in sera from seminoma patients
      by an immunoassay which recognised both free beta-chains and intact HCG
      molecules. This seemed to increase the sensitivity of the assay without affecting
      its specificity. The HCG values were correlated to the clinical course in 151
      patients. Pre-orchiectomy samples were assayed in 57 patients. Elevated pre
      operative HCG levels were found in 15 of 38 patients (39%) in stage I and in 13
      of 19 patients (68%) in stages II to IV. After orchiectomy the HCG values were
      normal in 114 of 115 patients in stage I and elevated in 13 of 36 patients (36%)
      in stages II to IV. Relapses were observed more often in stage II to IV patients
      who produced HCG at the time of diagnosis than in non-producers (3 of 13 patients
      versus 1 of 23 patients). In 7 of 11 relapses the serum HCG was elevated. HCG
      positive relapses were seen in patients both with and without initially elevated
      serum HCG.

PMID- 3690190
TI  - Pelvic lipomatosis.

PMID- 3690189
TI  - Digital angiography of erectile failure.
AB  - Digital angiography of pudendal and penile arteries was performed in 44
      consecutive patients with erectile failure of suspected vascular origin. Intra
      arterial injection of contrast medium via selective catheterisation of the
      hypogastric arteries was used in six cases. In 39 patients, one of whom had
      already had arterial catheterisation, contrast medium was administered by the
      intravenous route, using a single, large volume, high speed bolus. In 12/44 cases
      (27%), digital angiography showed a normal vascular picture at the pudendal and
      penile level but the remaining 32 patients (73%) had steno-occlusive lesions of
      different degrees of severity. The pictures obtained after administration of
      intravenous contrast were diagnostically as good as the studies with selective
      arterial catheterisation. In addition, the intravenous route allowed the
      simultaneous representation of the arterial network on both sides and was quicker
      and less invasive. In 31/44 patients (79%), functional determinations of
      nocturnal penile tumescence and of penile blood flow with Doppler ultrasonography
      were performed for comparison. Nocturnal penile tumescence results correlated
      well with the angiographic picture. Penile blood flow measurements with the
      Doppler technique were less sensitive than digital angiography.

PMID- 3690191
TI  - Orbital metastasis from prostatic carcinoma.

PMID- 3690193
TI  - Prostatic venous plexus thrombosis secondary to disseminated intravascular
      coagulation presenting as acute genital swelling.

PMID- 3690192
TI  - Epithelioid sarcoma of the penis: a rare tumour to be distinguished from squamous
      carcinoma.

PMID- 3690194
TI  - Bladder phaeochromocytoma diagnosed by radio-iodinated meta-iodobenzylguanidine
      imaging.

PMID- 3690195
TI  - Myopathy of detrusor smooth muscle.

PMID- 3690196
TI  - Optical urethrotome for ureteric meatotomy.

PMID- 3690197
TI  - Retrieval of fractured resectoscope tips.

PMID- 3690198
TI  - Urinary oxalate levels are not affected by dietary purine intake or allopurinol.
AB  - We showed previously that ingestion of a non-specific high purine diet by healthy
      subjects increased not only urinary uric acid levels but urinary oxalate as well.
      Both increments were reduced significantly during concomitant allopurinol
      therapy. The present study was undertaken to investigate these findings in more
      detail under carefully controlled dietary conditions where a single specific
      purine, guanosine, was used as an additive and several different methods for
      oxalate determination (GLC, HPLC, isotacophoresis) were compared with the
      enzymatic method used previously. Results obtained by two direct techniques of
      oxalate determination showed no significant alteration in oxalate levels during
      any dietary regime, suggesting that the earlier results derived from problems
      inherent in the experimental design and methodology employed. The study confirmed
      that one of the beneficial effects of allopurinol was to reduce dietary purine
      absorption. The results may thus provide a logical explanation for the reduced
      incidence of urolithiasis during allopurinol therapy in some idiopathic oxalate
      stone formers addicted to purine-rich foods and beverages.

PMID- 3690199
TI  - The composition of four-hour urine samples from patients with calcium oxalate
      stone disease.
AB  - Urine collected during a 24-h period between 06.00 and 10.00 h from 25 patients
      with recurrent CaOx stone disease was analysed with respect to calcium, oxalate,
      magnesium, citrate and creatinine. Urinary excretion of oxalate in relation to
      creatinine was slightly higher in 24-h urine but the correlation between 24-h and
      4-h values was good. Good correlations were also recorded for calcium and
      citrate, whereas a more variable result was obtained for magnesium. In terms of
      the risk of forming a supersaturated urine (CaOx risk index), a good correlation
      was observed between 24-h and 4-h urine samples, although the highest values were
      found in 24-h urine. As a result of a low mean urine flow between 06.00 and 10.00
      h, the highest supersaturation in terms of the AP (CaOx) index was observed in
      these samples. When the risk of calcium oxalate crystallisation (CaOx-CR) was
      determined by means of the increment in oxalate concentration required for
      precipitation of CaOx, 7 of 11 samples had the highest values in the 4-h urine.
      Samples collected during a 4-h period might thus be useful in the evaluation and
      follow-up of CaOx stone formers and further studies will show to what extent they
      can replace 24-h urine collections.

PMID- 3690200
TI  - An in vitro study of intracavitary pressures during percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
AB  - Pyelorenal reflux and irrigant extravasation secondary to raised intrapelvic
      pressure during percutaneous nephrolithotomy account for a significant percentage
      of the operative morbidity. The effect of irrigant flow rate, height of irrigant
      reservoir, diameter of Amplatz sheath and lithotripsy on intracavitary pressures
      has been studied in an in vitro model. The elevation of pressures produced by
      these variables suggests that percutaneous techniques should be modified.

PMID- 3690201
TI  - Multiple simultaneous bilateral urothelial tumours of the renal pelvis.
AB  - Three cases of simultaneous bilateral transitional cell carcinoma of the renal
      pelvis are reported. In one case the bladder and urethra were also involved. The
      information provided by radiological studies (particularly renal angiography) and
      cytology allowed us to define with accuracy not only tumour sites but also the
      tumour itself and the degree of malignancy. Based on the latter finding, the
      surgical approach was adapted to each individual case and consisted of
      papillectomy, partial pyelectomy or heminephrectomy associated with contralateral
      nephroureterectomy. In one case total cystourethrectomy was performed. Long-term
      follow-up showed no recurrence in the residual urinary tract 5 to 8 years post
      operatively.

PMID- 3690202
TI  - Blood transfusion and survival following nephrectomy for carcinoma of kidney.
AB  - Blood transfusion has been reported adversely to affect survival following
      surgery for a number of malignancies. We have examined retrospectively the
      records of 126 patients undergoing nephrectomy for renal carcinoma and
      established that 80 (63%) were transfused. Comparison of the two groups of
      patients, after controlling for differences in age, sex, tumour stage and
      haemoglobin level, showed that the transfused patients did not necessarily have
      poorer survival. In this study, peri-operative transfusion did not appear to have
      an adverse effect on long-term survival following surgery for renal cancer.

PMID- 3690203
TI  - Ureteropyelostomy: a simple and effective treatment for symptomatic
      ureteroureteric reflux.
AB  - Partial ureteric duplication may cause delayed drainage of urine from the upper
      tracts because of ureteroureteric "see-saw" reflux. This can be eliminated by the
      procedure of ureteropyelostomy, in which the partially duplicated ureter is
      converted into a bifid renal pelvis. This operation leaves a short anastomotic
      suture line and has a low complication rate. We report seven patients who have
      undergone ureteropyelostomy for symptomatic ureteroureteric reflux. All remain
      symptom-free after follow-up for a minimum of 1 year.

PMID- 3690204
TI  - A geographical focus of duplex ureter.
AB  - Following the observation of an unusually high number of patients presenting with
      duplex ureter in Dorchester, a prospective study of 1930 autopsies was carried
      out in nine centres throughout the Wessex region. The prevalence of duplex ureter
      in Dorchester was 2.5% (5 of 200 autopsies) but did not exceed 0.6% elsewhere.
      The finding was confirmed by study of intravenous urograms in south-west Dorset
      carried out between 1982 and 1983, which showed a 6.0% prevalence of urinary
      tract duplication in radiographs from Dorchester.

PMID- 3690205
TI  - The physiological response of the detrusor muscle to experimental bladder outflow
      obstruction in the pig.
AB  - An animal model of bladder outflow obstruction in the pig was used to study the
      physiological response of the detrusor muscle to obstruction. Bladder muscle
      strips from obstructed pigs showed a significant increase in sensitivity to
      acetylcholine and other pharmacological agents compared with controls. In
      contrast, the response to intramural nerve stimulation was significantly reduced
      in obstruction, with both cholinergic and non-cholinergic neurotransmission being
      affected. These findings are consistent with partial denervation of the bladder
      as a result of obstruction, with the subsequent development of supersensitivity
      of the detrusor smooth muscle. The occurrence of detrusor instability secondary
      to bladder outflow obstruction may represent the clinical manifestation of such
      physiological changes.

PMID- 3690206
TI  - Non-cholinergic, non-adrenergic inhibitory nerve responses of bladder outlet
      smooth muscle in vitro.
AB  - Pig trigone, bladder neck and urethral smooth muscle strips blocked with
      atropine, phentolamine, propanolol and the prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor
      ketoprofen were exposed to transmural electric field stimulation in vitro. The
      strips developed a fast and reproducible relaxation which was sustained during
      the period of stimulation and ceased slowly after stopping stimulation. The
      amplitude of the relaxation was proportional to the basal tension. The relaxation
      was nerve-mediated, since selective nerve blockade with tetrodotoxin abolished
      the response. Calcium influx inhibition with verapamil did not antagonise the
      relaxation, while omitting Ca++ from the bath solution caused maximal relaxation.
      Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and adenosinetriphosphate evoked submaximal and
      slowly developing relaxation.

PMID- 3690207
TI  - Transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder in patients under 40 years of
      age.
AB  - Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is the most common neoplasm of the
      urinary tract but it occurs infrequently in younger patients. An analysis of 25
      patients aged less than 40 years showed that the clinical course and prognosis
      were relatively benign. It is suggested that management and follow-up should be
      the same as in older patients with urothelial carcinoma.

PMID- 3690208
TI  - The role of ammonia toxicity in the post transurethral prostatectomy syndrome.
AB  - To investigate the aetiology of altered mental status following transurethral
      prostatectomy (TURP), serum electrolyte and blood ammonia levels were measured in
      33 patients before and immediately after TURP. The irrigating fluid was 3%
      sorbitol in 12 patients and 1.5% glycine in 21. Serum electrolyte changes were
      similar in both groups. Elevated blood ammonia levels were observed in eight of
      the 21 patients receiving glycine irrigation. Three of these eight patients
      demonstrated clinical signs of encephalopathy. Absorption of glycine during
      transurethral prostatectomy appears to produce hyerammonaemia in some patients
      and may contribute to the encephalopathy.

PMID- 3690209
TI  - The role of Chlamydia trachomatis in epididymitis.
AB  - Microbiological studies have identified an infective micro-organism in 28 of 54
      patients (52%) with epididymitis. Chlamydia trachomatis was the commonest
      infection isolated, occurring in 15 patients. An additional 17 patients (31%) who
      were culture negative had serological evidence which suggested recent chlamydial
      infection. Most patients with chlamydia were under 26 years of age, in contrast
      to patients over 35 years, in whom coliform infections predominated. Of the 12
      consorts of patients with chlamydial epididymitis who were screened, nine were
      also positive for this micro-organism. These findings have important implications
      in the management of epididymitis, especially in young men.

PMID- 3690210
TI  - Effect of washing on sperm surface autoantibodies.
AB  - This study tested the hypothesis that immediate washing "removes" sperm surface
      antibodies. Nine ejaculates with antisperm antibodies were studied. Separate
      portions of each ejaculate were washed by centrifugation (Shulman's method) as
      soon as possible after production (0-h) and 2 h later (2-h). In four samples,
      portions were also washed by a simple swim-up migration started at 0-h. Washed
      sperm were tested for surface antibodies using the immunobead binding test. The
      number of sperm with bound IgG antibodies at 0-h was significantly less than that
      at 2-h (P less than 0.001) but no significant difference was found in respect of
      IgA antibodies. Swim-up migration yielded results similar to those of
      centrifugation and had the advantage of selecting highly motile sperm. The
      potential application and implication of these findings are discussed.

PMID- 3690211
TI  - Metastases to the penis from carcinoma of the stomach.

PMID- 3690212
TI  - Spontaneous perforation of the bladder presenting as apparent acute renal
      failure.

PMID- 3690213
TI  - Is orchiectomy the correct procedure in unilateral neonatal torsion?

PMID- 3690214
TI  - Flank pain and haematuria following hysterectomy.

PMID- 3690215
TI  - Urachal carcinoma: a response to chemotherapy.

PMID- 3690216
TI  - Ureterovenous fistula: an unusual complication of ureteric catheterisation.

PMID- 3690217
TI  - External iliac artery-ureteric fistula.

PMID- 3690219
TI  - Improved irrigant flow with reduction in intrapelvic pressure during percutaneous
      renal surgery. The Plymouth suction adaptor.

PMID- 3690218
TI  - Surgical staples in bladder calculi after caecocystoplasty.

PMID- 3690220
TI  - An aid to insertion of the Oreopolous CAPD catheter.

PMID- 3690221
TI  - Subclavian vascular injuries.
AB  - This study comprises 228 patients with penetrating injuries of the subclavian
      vessels. The vein alone was involved in 44 per cent, the artery alone in 39 per
      cent, and both vessels in 17 per cent. The majority of the victims (61 per cent)
      did not reach the hospital alive, and in those who were operated on the mortality
      was 15.5 per cent (overall mortality 66 per cent). The overall mortality of
      venous injuries was significantly higher than the arterial ones (P less than
      0.01), probably because of the dangerous complication of air embolism. Physical
      examination is reliable in the diagnosis of these injuries and there is no need
      for an emergency angiogram. The clavicular incision was the preferred approach.
      Repair was performed in 94 per cent of those with arterial injury. Vein injuries
      were treated by suture in 60 per cent and ligation in 40 per cent. A selective
      conservative approach is advised.

PMID- 3690222
TI  - Internal jugular vein cannulation: refinements of technique for long-term
      parenteral therapy.

PMID- 3690223
TI  - Popliteal vein entrapment caused by the third head of the gastrocnemius muscle.
AB  - Three cases of the popliteal vein entrapment syndrome have been encountered
      during the past 3 years. The third head of the gastrocnemius muscle appeared to
      be the cause of this rare condition with the vessels in their normal position.
      Partial resection of the excess muscle was sufficient to relieve symptoms.

PMID- 3690224
TI  - Prognostic significance of oestrogen and progestogen receptor activities in
      breast cancer.
AB  - The prognostic significance of the tumour activities of 2 steroid receptors,
      those for oestrogen (ER) and for progestogen (PgR), has been studied in 372
      patients with breast cancer, in whom follow-up was available for 2-6 years
      (median 41 months). Of 252 patients with operable disease, 75.8 per cent had ER
      positive tumours and 46.4 per cent had PgR-positive tumours, though a small
      additional fraction (6.3 per cent) had an equivocal PgR assay result. For the 236
      patients with unequivocal receptor status, the relationships between disease-free
      interval or overall survival and receptor activity and other factors were
      evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. The latter revealed that only
      tumour size, node status, menstrual status and ER status related significantly to
      both disease-free interval and survival, though adjuvant therapy also related to
      disease-free interval, and tumour grade related to survival. It is concluded that
      measurements of PgR activity do not add to the prognostic significance of ER
      status.

PMID- 3690225
TI  - Reduction of the surgical excision rate in benign breast disease using fine
      needle aspiration cytology with immediate reporting.
AB  - Patients attending a breast clinic in two different periods were studied. In the
      first period fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was not available and in the
      second it was used on all discrete solid breast lumps and reported immediately in
      the clinic. With the use of FNAC the overall surgical excision rate for discrete
      solid lumps was reduced from 83 per cent to 41 per cent and the excision rate in
      patients with benign disease was reduced from 74 per cent to 23 per cent (P less
      than 0.001). All patients with breast cancer in the second period had malignant
      cytology and no patient with benign or acellular cytology has been shown, after a
      minimum follow-up period of 18 months, to have breast cancer. Using FNAC with
      immediate reporting, the number of operations performed in patients with benign
      breast disease can be safely reduced.

PMID- 3690226
TI  - Choice of surgery for early breast cancer: pre- and postoperative levels of
      clinical anxiety and depression in patients and their husbands.
AB  - Two groups of patients with early breast cancer were studied prospectively to
      assess whether being offered a choice of surgery (simple mastectomy or wide
      excision plus radiotherapy) influenced levels of anxiety and depression pre- and
      postoperatively. A significantly higher percentage of the patients not offered a
      choice of surgery experienced high levels of anxiety and depression pre
      operatively and up to 2 months postoperatively compared with patients offered a
      choice; the results were also similar for the husbands of these patients. At 4
      months, differences between the two groups were not statistically significant,
      although the trend remained the same with more patients not offered a choice of
      treatment showing high levels of anxiety and depression. Patients offered a
      choice of surgery had similar pre- and postoperative levels of anxiety and
      depression to patients with benign breast disease and patients undergoing surgery
      for non-cancerous conditions.

PMID- 3690227
TI  - Consultations for breast disease in general practice and hospital referral
      patterns.
AB  - As part of the evaluation of a health education campaign about breast disease,
      consultations for breast problems were monitored in five general practices over
      an 18-month period in Edinburgh. No increase was found as a result of the
      campaign, nor was there any increase in the number of biopsies performed. On
      average, each GP saw 13 women with breast problems each year, a rate of 1.6 per
      cent; 29 per cent were referred to hospital, regardless of their age. The most
      common presenting symptom was pain (47 per cent), with 35 per cent complaining of
      a lump. The reasons for hospital referral are discussed. It is suggested that GPs
      may refer too many young women to a specialist clinic, although this may be
      inevitable.

PMID- 3690228
TI  - Prognostic factors related to survival and groin recurrence following therapeutic
      lymph node dissection for lower limb malignant melanoma.
AB  - A retrospective analysis was carried out of 133 patients undergoing therapeutic
      lymph node dissection for malignant melanoma of the lower limb. A radical ilio
      obturator dissection (RID) was performed in 106 patients and a superficial
      femoral dissection (SFD) in the remaining 27. On univariate analysis five factors
      were found to be significant indicators of prognosis. These were: Clark level of
      the primary (P = 0.02); primary melanoma thickness (P = 0.04); total number of
      positive nodes (P less than 0.001); number of positive femoral nodes (P less than
      0.001); and number of positive ilio-obturator nodes (P less than 0.001). On
      multiple regression analysis only the number of positive nodes in each
      compartment remained a significant independent factor (P less than 0.001). The
      morbidity associated with RID was not significantly greater than after SFD. RID
      was, however, associated with a reduction in subsequent groin recurrence. Radical
      nodal clearance is the operation of choice. This technique provides maximum
      prognostic information, reduces the likelihood of local untreatable disease and
      possibly improves overall survival rates--especially when only one iliac node is
      involved.

PMID- 3690229
TI  - Changes in the plasma sodium concentration after minor, moderate and major
      surgery.
AB  - The plasma sodium concentration, [Na]P, falls following major surgery and this
      fall is exacerbated by the administration of sodium-free or sodium-low
      intravenous fluids in the postoperative period. As a prelude to prospective, but
      controlled, studies we observed the range of [Na]P on admission for surgery in
      477 patients. In 309 patients the extent of the change in [Na]P by the first
      postoperative day (delta [Na]) was related to the severity of the operation
      undergone (minor, moderate or major) and the volume of potentially hypo-osmolar
      intravenous fluid given. The mean admission [Na]P was significantly lower with
      increasing severity of proposed operation. A highly significant fall occurred in
      [Na]P following surgery of every grade; such falls in [Na]P were seen even when
      no potentially hypo-osmolar fluids were administered. A significant inverse
      relationship between admission [Na]P and delta [Na] was demonstrated. We conclude
      that [Na]P falls following surgery of any severity and that such falls occur even
      when exogenous dilution cannot be implicated as a cause.

PMID- 3690231
TI  - Electronic device for the detection of breaches in asepsis during surgical
      procedures.

PMID- 3690230
TI  - Use of sodium nitroprusside induced hypotensive anaesthesia for reducing blood
      loss in patients undergoing lienorenal shunts for portal hypertension.
AB  - A randomized study was performed on 18 patients to determine whether hypotensive
      anaesthesia, induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP), would reduce blood loss
      during elective proximal lienorenal shunt operations for portal hypertension
      which was due to extrahepatic obstruction or non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis. Eight
      patients received SNP intraoperatively to reduce the systolic blood pressure to
      below 95 mmHg, and there were 10 control patients. Blood loss, the number of
      units of blood transfused, and urine output during surgery were measured together
      with the postoperative drainage from the abdominal and chest tubes over the first
      24 h. There was a significantly lower blood loss (mean +/- s.d. 517 +/- 220
      versus 1286 +/- 523 ml; P less than 0.01) and number of units of blood transfused
      was less (0.9 +/- 0.9 versus 3.0 +/- 1.2; P less than 0.01) in the SNP patients
      than in the controls. The urine output was greater in the SNP group (606 +/- 211
      versus 399 +/- 139 ml, n.s.). Postoperative drainages from the chest and abdomen
      were similar. Hypotensive anaesthesia with SNP reduces operative blood loss and
      transfusion requirement in patients with good liver function undergoing proximal
      lienorenal shunts for portal hypertension.

PMID- 3690232
TI  - Technique for intra-operative colonic irrigation.

PMID- 3690233
TI  - Thermogenesis after major elective surgical procedures.
AB  - Sequential changes of body temperature have been measured for 48 h in 147
      patients after major elective abdominal, cardiac, orthopaedic and pelvic surgery.
      Core temperature (aural canal) started to increase immediately after surgery
      reaching a mean peak value of 37.5 degrees C 14 h (range 8-16) after the end of
      surgery. Subsequently, a second peak of 37.4 degrees C was shown 18 h (range 16
      20) later. The time interval between these two peak temperatures was constant for
      all types of surgery studied. A close examination of core temperature
      oscillations during a 72-h postoperative period and a comparison with a pre
      operative 24-h cycle in a group of 14 patients who underwent cardiac surgery did
      not show any circadian rhythm. In the third part of the study, analysis of
      postoperative body temperature and metabolic rate showed a similar pattern of
      increase for core and mean skin temperatures, and oxygen consumption.

PMID- 3690234
TI  - Kinetic changes in experimental colonic urinary diversion.
AB  - An experimental model of colonic urinary diversion was performed on male Wistar
      rats to see if faeces, urine or a faeces and urine mixture produces tumours. Cell
      kinetic techniques, including the crypt cell production rate, and cellular DNA
      measurement were used to examine the effect of urine and of faeces on the colonic
      mucosa. Urinary diversion into the colon significantly increased colonic crypt
      activity. Tumours were found at the anastomosis when urine and faeces were mixed
      at 4 months, and at 6 months with urine alone.

PMID- 3690235
TI  - Exfoliated cells and in vitro growth in colorectal cancer.
AB  - Cells exfoliated from colorectal cancers may only be implicated in local
      recurrence if they are proven to be viable and capable of growth. Thirty patients
      with primary colorectal cancer were studied. Cells were obtained from primary
      tumour, uninvolved mucosa, mesorectum, lumen of the bowel, luminal mucus, serosal
      surface of the bowel and from washings of the tumour bed after dissection.
      Colonies grew in vitro in monolayer culture from 21/30 primary tumours; 11/41
      mesorectum specimens; 11/27 luminal washings; 14/29 luminal mucus specimens; 1/27
      serosal surface washings and 3/13 post-dissection washes. Colonies stained
      positively for the epithelial markers cytokeratin and desmosomes and also for
      carcinoembryonic antigen. Cells capable of in vitro growth are present in these
      various sites and, if spilled at operation, may well be implicated as one of the
      factors leading to local recurrence.

PMID- 3690237
TI  - History of colorectal polypectomy and risk of subsequent colorectal cancer.
AB  - In a case control study, which formed part of a large, population-based
      investigation of the incidence, aetiology and survival of colorectal cancer, 24
      of 715 cases and 4 of 727 age/sex group matched controls gave a past history of
      bowel polypectomy (X21 = 17, P less than 0.001, relative risk = 6.37, 95 per cent
      confidence interval = 2.2-18.6). There was no significant sex or site difference
      associated with a history of previous polypectomy. These findings are consistent
      with the view that colorectal polyps are markers of risk (sixfold in the present
      study) for the subsequent development of colorectal cancer. The data also support
      the emerging practice that those with adenomatous polyps need regular
      surveillance of their large bowel as a screening measure.

PMID- 3690236
TI  - Prospective 14- to 18-year follow-up study after parietal cell vagotomy.
AB  - One hundred and thirty-five patients underwent elective parietal cell vagotomy
      for duodenal, pyloric or prepyloric ulcers. The patients were followed
      prospectively at intervals of 1-3 years in order to detect postvagotomy symptoms
      and recurrent ulcers; 14-18 years after surgery 106 patients were studied with
      regard to recurrent ulceration and 84 concerning postvagotomy symptoms. Thirty
      two patients (30 per cent) had developed proven recurrent ulcers and a further 9
      per cent were suspected of having recurrences. Two patients were reoperated for
      gastric outlet obstruction and one for bile reflux gastritis. Four patients had
      severe dyspeptic symptoms and four severe dyspepsia plus dumping. No patient had
      severe diarrhoea. Forty-three patients were regarded as failures after parietal
      cell vagotomy. After treatment of these failures 88 per cent of the patients
      available for subsequent follow-up had satisfactory results. The alternatives to
      parietal cell vagotomy are discussed. It is concluded that although parietal cell
      vagotomy has a high long-term recurrence rate, this disadvantage is outweighed by
      the low incidence severe postvagotomy symptoms.

PMID- 3690238
TI  - Ornithine decarboxylase as a marker for colorectal adenomas.

PMID- 3690239
TI  - Hormonal manipulation for pancreatic carcinoma.

PMID- 3690240
TI  - Acute pancreatitis associated with carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater.

PMID- 3690241
TI  - Ascaris lumbricoides and intestinal perforation.

PMID- 3690242
TI  - Non-specific host defence stimulation in the reduction of surgical infection in
      man.

PMID- 3690243
TI  - Parietal cell vagotomy: long-term follow-up studies.

PMID- 3690244
TI  - Current spectrum of intestinal obstruction.
AB  - In a 12-month prospective study incorporating four neighbouring district general
      hospitals, 228 patients required a total of 236 admissions with intestinal
      obstruction. The aetiological factors included adhesions 75 (32 per cent),
      malignant disease 61 (26 per cent), strangulated hernias 59 (25 per cent),
      volvulus 10 (4 per cent), acquired megacolon 6 (3 per cent), pseudo-obstruction 4
      (2 per cent), faecal impaction 6 (3 per cent) and miscellaneous 15 (6 per cent).
      The peak incidence for obstruction due to adhesions, malignant disease and
      strangulated hernias each occurred in the eighth decade. Surgery was performed
      within 48 h of admission in 29 per cent adhesive obstructions (22), 30 per cent
      obstructions due to malignant disease (18) and 68 per cent strangulated hernias
      (40)--bowel resection rates in these three groups were 13.5, 50 and 29 per cent,
      respectively. The overall mortality was 11.4 per cent (26 deaths) and
      postoperative mortality was 12.3 per cent (19 deaths). During the 12-month study
      period, 228 patients required a total of 2993 inpatient hospital days as a result
      of intestinal obstruction. Postoperative adhesions have become the commonest
      cause of intestinal obstruction but strangulated hernias and intra-abdominal
      malignant disease still account for 50 per cent of all cases and mortalities.
      Obstruction due to strangulated hernias and intra-abdominal malignant disease
      typically occurs in the elderly age group where a more aggressive policy of
      elective surgical intervention is likely to be associated with increased
      postoperative morbidity and mortality.

PMID- 3690245
TI  - Elective repair of groin hernias in the elderly.

PMID- 3690246
TI  - Hazards of thrombolytic therapy in deep vein thrombosis.
AB  - From 1965 to 1985, 64 deep vein thrombosis (DVT) patients were treated with
      streptokinase (SK). In 26 cases 'high-dose SK' (IV 100,000 units/h for 4 days)
      was used and in 38 patients a 'low-dose SK' regime (IV 250,000 units every 12 h
      for 4 days) was employed. The clinical signs of DVT subsided in 78 per cent of
      treated patients within 30 days of completing SK treatment. A repeat phlebography
      was performed immediately after SK therapy in 29 patients (45 per cent) and a
      total recanalization or partial thrombolysis was achieved in 80 per cent of the
      studied cases. In 15 patients minor and major haemorrhagic complications
      occurred. There were five fatalities, all in the high-dose SK group (three
      intracranial haemorrhages and two major bleeds). Three patients developed
      pulmonary embolism and none of them died. The post-treatment clinical and
      phlebographic evaluation did not reveal any significant difference between the
      two methods of SK administration, but more haemorrhagic complications (P less
      than 0.02, chi=5.50825) occurred in the high-dose SK patients. This report
      emphasizes the risk of bleeding complications during thrombolytic therapy. If SK
      is to be used, therefore, careful selection of patients and meticulous monitoring
      are mandatory.

PMID- 3690247
TI  - Long-term effect of carotid endarterectomy on carotid sinus baroreceptor function
      and blood pressure control.
AB  - In order to assess whether carotid endarterectomy had any long-term hypotensive
      effect, by altering the function of the carotid sinus baroreceptors, blood
      pressure and carotid sinus baroreceptor function were recorded in 25 patients
      undergoing carotid endarterectomy. No overall change in blood pressure was
      recorded 6 months after surgery. Sinus function was shown to decrease in 2 (8 per
      cent), to remain unchanged in 15 (60 per cent) and to increase in 8 (32 per cent)
      patients 6 months postoperatively. There was no relationship between changes in
      sinus function and changes in blood pressure over the 6 months period. Thus,
      carotid endarterectomy has no long-term hypotensive effect.

PMID- 3690248
TI  - Inflammation--mediators and mechanisms.

PMID- 3690249
TI  - Fatal toxicity of antidepressant drugs in overdose.
AB  - A fatal toxicity index (deaths per million National Health Service prescriptions)
      was calculated for antidepressant drugs on sale during the years 1975-84 in
      England, Wales, and Scotland. The tricyclic drugs introduced before 1970 had a
      higher index than the mean for all the drugs studied (p less than 0.001). In this
      group the toxicity of amitriptyline, dibenzepin, desipramine, and dothiepin was
      significantly higher, while that of clomipramine, imipramine, iprindole,
      protriptyline, and trimipramine was lower. The monoamine oxidase inhibitors had
      intermediate toxicity, and the antidepressants introduced since 1973, considered
      as a group, had significantly lower toxicity than the mean (p less than 0.001).
      Of these newer drugs, maprotiline had a fatal toxicity index similar to that of
      the older tricyclic antidepressants, while the other newly introduced drugs had
      lower toxicity indices, with those for mianserin, nomifensine, trazodone, and
      viloxazine reaching significance. Provided that these drugs are equally effective
      clinically, serious consideration should be given to prescribing antidepressants
      with a lower fatal toxicity.

PMID- 3690250
TI  - Comroe and Dripps revisited.

PMID- 3690251
TI  - Potassium citrate mixture: soothing but not harmless?

PMID- 3690252
TI  - On comprehension of active/passive sentences and language processing in a Polish
      agrammatic aphasic.
AB  - This paper presents the results of a study of active/passive sentence
      comprehension by a Polish-speaking agrammatic aphasic. The patient showed good
      performance on canonically ordered active and passive structures, but performed
      poorly on inverted variants. The systematically normal and deviant comprehension
      patterns observed are accounted for by normal interpretative strategies applied
      to syntactic structures built around verbs with reduced inflectional morphology.
      The differences between our Polish data and the English data discussed in the
      literature are explained by the fact that Polish possesses a richer derivational
      verb morphology. The interpretation of inverted sentences demonstrates the
      importance of S-V-O word order preference. Our analysis draws upon the notion of
      grammatical functions to explain the data.

PMID- 3690253
TI  - Specific language impairment in children: a cross-linguistic study.
AB  - A common profile in English-speaking specifically language-impaired children is a
      moderate deficit across a broad range of linguistic features and a more marked,
      selective impairment in using bound morphemes and components of the verb system.
      To gain a clearer understanding of the nature of these more serious problems, we
      examined the speech of monolingual Italian-speaking as well as English-speaking
      children with specific language impairment. The evidence suggested that
      phonological factors contributed significantly to these children's extraordinary
      problems with particular linguistic features. Contrary to expectations, other
      marked deficits seemed more related to the opacity of the rules involved and
      homonymity with other morphemes than to problems with formal grammatical devices
      in general or components of the verb system in particular.

PMID- 3690254
TI  - Dichotic listening performance and writing posture in right- and left-handers.
AB  - Right-handers and left-handers with the inverted (IN) and noninverted (NI)
      writing posture were tested on a dichotic consonant-vowel listening task and on
      two motor tasks (hand strength and speed of tapping). The results failed to show
      the differences between IN and NI right-handers reported by S. M. Tapley and M.
      P. Bryden (1983, Neuropsychologia, 21, 129-138) and there were no significant
      handedness x writing posture x ear interactions. A significant interaction
      between dichotic listening performance and writing posture was found; NI right
      handers and IN left-handers had more correct responses and fewer intrusions than
      IN right-handers and NI left-handers. Left-handers and right-handers were found
      to have a right ear advantage (REA) in the dichotic listening task but left
      handers had relatively smaller left/right differences in all of the performance
      measures. Sample characteristics suggest that there are more IN male right
      handers than IN female right-handers.

PMID- 3690255
TI  - The analysis of morphological errors in a case of acquired dyslexia.
AB  - An issue that is persistently raised in studies of subjects who produce
      morphological errors in reading and other tasks is whether these errors are the
      consequence of a morphological processing deficit, or whether they in any way
      reflect morphological principles of organization in the lexicon. We discuss the
      performance of one such subject on a number of tasks and evaluate standard
      arguments for attributing aspects of his performance to a morphological
      processing deficit. Although there are several features of his performance that
      are suggestive in this regard; we argue that, when these issues are addressed in
      the context of a sufficiently elaborated theory of lexical processing, a
      morphological processing deficit cannot be demonstrated. We also survey a number
      of recent reports that purport to provide evidence for a morphological processing
      deficit and argue that, in most cases, they fail to support such claims for
      similar reasons. An important moral to be drawn from a critique of these studies
      is that in order to make valid inferences concerning the role of morphology in
      organizing the lexicon, we must consider these errors in the context of theories
      of the lexicon that take seriously the effects of converging lexical factors in
      processing.

PMID- 3690256
TI  - A further study of language function in callosal agenesis.
AB  - A subset of the tests of language ability administered by M. Dennis (1981, Brain
      and Language, 12, 33-53) was given to two adult acallosal patients. One of the
      patients studied showed widespread language deficits not restricted to the
      syntactic-pragmatic core as in Dennis' patient. The other showed a very specific
      deficit which does not encompass syntactic-pragmatic skills. The data does not
      support the view that the corpus callosum is necessary for the normal development
      of specific language functions.

PMID- 3690257
TI  - Event-related potentials and the interaction between orthographic and
      phonological information in a rhyme-judgment task.
AB  - Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from one midline and three pairs of
      lateral electrodes in three experiments involving a rhyme-judgment task.
      Experiment 1 employed sequentially presented word pairs consisting of
      orthographically similar and dissimilar rhyming and nonrhyming items (RUNG-SUNG,
      MAKE-ACHE, BEAD-DEAD, GIFT-ROAD). Comparison of the ERPs elicited by the
      dissimilar pairs revealed a rhyme/nonrhyme difference in the form of an increase
      in the amplitude of a late negative component (N450) for nonrhyming pairs; this
      effect was confined almost entirely to right-hemisphere electrodes. By contrast,
      rhyme/nonrhyme differences in the ERPs to orthographically similar word pairs
      were smaller in magnitude, later in onset, and bilaterally distributed.
      Experiment 2 showed that this pattern of ERP effects with orthographically
      similar items depended upon orthographic and not visual similarity. Experiment 3
      tested the hypothesis that the lack of a right-hemisphere based N450 effect with
      orthographically similar items resulted from the operation of an orthographic
      priming mechanism. ERPs to nonrhyming pairs containing a word with an
      inconsistent segment (COAST-FROST) were compared with visually matched controls
      (SPARSE-CREASE). The rhyme/nonrhyme differences in the N450 components from these
      two conditions were indistinguishable, although subjects found it as difficult to
      make nonrhyme responses to "COAST-FROST" pairs as to the orthographically similar
      nonrhyming items in Experiment 1. It was concluded that while "orthographic
      priming" accounted for the behavioral data from these experiments, it could not
      explain the interaction between phonology and orthography observed in the
      concurrently recorded ERP data.

PMID- 3690258
TI  - Transcortical sensory aphasia: evidence for subtypes.
AB  - Impaired auditory comprehension and fluent but semantically empty speech in
      conjunction with preserved repetition characterize the syndrome of transcortical
      sensory aphasia (TSA). Repetition, however, may be mediated by at least two
      distinct processes--a lexical process that may involve the recognition and
      subsequent activation of discrete stored word representations and a nonlexical
      process that involves phonologic decoding and immediate phonologic encoding from
      immediate memory. We investigated the spontaneous speech, reading, and tendency
      to recognize and spontaneously correct syntactic errors in four patients with
      TSA: this analysis suggests there are two subtypes of TSA. We contend that in one
      subtype both the lexical and direct repetition (or speech production) mechanisms
      are preserved, but in the second subtype the lexical mechanism is disrupted and
      repetition is mediated by the nonlexical mechanism.

PMID- 3690259
TI  - Intonational variability in the speech of right-hemisphere damaged patients.

PMID- 3690260
TI  - Central and peripheral metabolism of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone in the male
      Japanese quail: biochemical characterization and relationship with reproductive
      behavior.
AB  - An in vitro radioenzymatic assay and purification procedure by thin-layer
      chromatography were used to study the metabolism of dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
      into 3 alpha- and 3 beta-androstanediols by the brain and cloacal gland of
      Japanese quail. Kinetic studies showed that these 2 metabolites are produced in a
      linear fashion with respect to time of incubation for up to 15 min but that they
      continue to accumulate for up to 4 h. The maximum velocity of these reactions is
      high (nmol/mg protein/15 min), but the affinities of the enzymes for DHT are low
      (in the microM range). The enzymatic activities are not evenly distributed in the
      brain: they are high in the tuberal hypothalamus and lobus parolfactorius but low
      in the preoptic area and anterior hypothalamus. Enzyme activities are not
      markedly affected by treatment of the birds with either testosterone or DHT. The
      activity of these enzymes is lower in the preoptic area and tuberal hypothalamus
      of DHT-treated birds which display female-directed sexual behavior than in the
      same brain areas of birds which are sexually inactive. We discuss the
      relationships between this reductive metabolism of DHT and the activational
      effects of the steroid on sexual behavior.

PMID- 3690261
TI  - Unilateral cerebral drug administration: pharmacokinetics of haloperidol and
      amphetamine.
AB  - Following cannulation of the right common carotid artery of female Sprague-Dawley
      rats, 3 microCi (10 micrograms) of either [3H]haloperidol or [3H]amphetamine were
      infused. At various time intervals, drug concentrations were determined in the
      right and left striata, anterior forebrains, posterior forebrains and cerebella.
      One minute following unilateral intracarotid infusion of haloperidol,
      approximately a 90-100-fold right/left (ipsilateral/contralateral) difference in
      drug concentrations was attained in the striatum and the posterior forebrain,
      while more than a 75-fold difference was evident in the anterior forebrain. One
      minute following amphetamine infusion, a difference greater than 40-fold was seen
      in all forebrain structures. The right-left differences steadily declined with
      time as a result of the declining drug concentrations of the infused hemisphere.
      The pharmacokinetic parameters of both the distribution and elimination phases
      were similar in each forebrain region for both haloperidol and amphetamine. The
      kinetic parameters did, however, show specific drug differences. Bilateral drug
      concentrations in the striatum following intraperitoneal administration of
      amphetamine to unilaterally cannulated rats were nearly identical. Therefore, the
      cannulation procedure did not significantly alter the blood supply to either
      hemisphere. This is the first study to quantify drug concentrations and to
      analyze pharmacokinetic parameters following unilateral cerebral drug
      administration in conscious animals. This technique should be useful in studying
      functional and biochemical interhemispheric relationships as well as lateralized
      behaviors.

PMID- 3690262
TI  - Spinal segmental preganglionic outflow to cervical sympathetic trunk and
      postganglionic cardiac sympathetic nerves.
AB  - The aim of this study was to verify in which spinal cord segments the
      preganglionic neurones projecting to the cervical sympathetic trunk or converging
      onto the somata of the postganglionic cardiac sympathetic neurones are located in
      cats. The thoracic white rami T1 to T5 were electrically stimulated and the
      evoked responses were recorded in the cervical sympathetic trunks and
      postganglionic cardiac nerves. The responses were mostly evoked by electrical
      stimulation of group B preganglionic fibres. The maximum amplitude of evoked
      responses in the cervical sympathetic trunk was obtained when the T2 white ramus
      was stimulated and decreased gradually when followed by the stimulation of T1,
      T3, T4 and T5 white rami. In most cases the maximum amplitude of evoked responses
      in the left inferior cardiac nerve, right inferior cardiac nerve and left middle
      cardiac nerve was obtained when the T3 white ramus was stimulated. The size of
      the responses decreased when more cranial and caudal white rami were stimulated.
      It was found that the somata of the postganglionic neurones of the right and left
      inferior cardiac nerves were placed in the right and left stellate ganglion,
      respectively. Somata of the postganglionic neurones with axons in the left middle
      cardiac nerve were mainly located in the left middle cervical ganglion and some
      in the left stellate ganglion.

PMID- 3690263
TI  - Increased glucose improves recovery of neuronal function after cerebral hypoxia
      in vitro.
AB  - The rat hippocampal slice preparation was used to evaluate the effect of
      increasing glucose levels in the perfusion medium on the recovery of synaptic
      function after a standardized hypoxic insult. Slices exposed to low glucose (5
      mM) did not recover from a standard hypoxic insult (10 min of 95% N2/5% CO2
      atmosphere). Following the same insult, 39% of the control (10 mM glucose) slices
      recovered their synaptic function, while 93% of the slices provided with high
      glucose level (20 mM) exhibited recovery of synaptic function. Thus, a dose
      dependent effect of glucose on recovery of neuronal function following an
      intermediate period (10 min) of oxygen deprivation was found. The high-glucose
      treated slices could tolerate a severe hypoxic insult of 15 min or even 20 min
      from which 94% and 81% of them recovered, respectively. Only 21% of the control
      (10 mM glucose) slices recovered their synaptic activity following 15 min of
      hypoxia, and none survived 20 min of that insult. The adverse effects of
      hyperglycemia reported in vivo were not seen in our study. This may be due to the
      sustained perfusion of the brain slice preparation, which could limit
      accumulation of lactic acid during hypoxia. However, treatment of slices with
      lactic acid prior to and during the hypoxic insult did not worsen the outcome.
      Alternatively, glucose may protect against the damaging effects of oxygen free
      radicals formed during reoxygenation. Nevertheless, the antihypoxic effect of
      glucose appears to be a metabolic one, since L-glucose (the non-metabolic analog
      of D-glucose) was innocuous in this respect.

PMID- 3690265
TI  - Spike trains in rat periaqueductal gray depend on the stochastic properties of
      interacting electrical stimulation trains.
AB  - Spike trains flowing into the periaqueductal gray (PAG) might be discriminated
      from one another by PAG neurons on the basis of the distribution or sequence of
      their respective interspike intervals. The various sequences of interspike
      intervals characteristic of spontaneous PAG unit activities were assessed in a
      preliminary experiment. These sequences were then simulated by means of
      appropriate mathematical functions. These functions allowed the production of
      stimulation trains that were applied to two PAG sites to induce spike trains with
      similar sequences in order to reveal the sensitivity of PAG neurons to the
      stochastic structure of afferent spike trains. We placed emphasis on parameters
      of the spike train that proved to be altered independently of any alteration of
      the corresponding parameters in the stimulation train. The mean pulse rate is the
      simplest example of such a parameter as it was never altered in the stimulation
      train. Alterations of either the distribution or sequence of pulses in the
      stimulation train were found to affect the mean discharge rate in a number of
      cases (30-40% of the cases). Despite their moderate degree (20-30% mean rate
      alteration) such differential effects could correspond to stimulation-induced
      differential behavioral effects as was shown in a previous study. Furthermore, a
      specific dependence of the generated spike trains on the sequential structure of
      the stimulation train was observed in some cases when appropriate stimulation
      trains were simultaneously applied to another PAG stimulation site. This fact is
      worth considering in relation to the integrative function of the PAG neuronal
      network.

PMID- 3690264
TI  - Circling behavior in honey bees.
AB  - Unilateral microinjections of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), acetylcholine (ACh)
      and related substances into central parts of the brain of the honey bee elicit a
      quantifiable circling behavior. GABA (40 nl, 10(-2) M, muscimol (40 nl, 10(-4) M)
      and flaxedil (10(-3) M, 40 nl) induce contralateral circling whilst ACh (40 nl,
      10(-2) M), nicotine (40 nl, 10(-4) M) and picrotoxin (40 nl, 10(-3) M) induce
      ipsilateral circling if injected in the proximity of the alpha-lobe (50-100
      microns) of the of the mushroom body. Mechanical lesions of the pedunculus induce
      ipsilateral circling. This can be reversed by ipsilateral injections of GABA and
      flaxedil. Intracellular recordings demonstrate a hyperpolarizing effect of GABA
      and a depolarising effect of ACh on individual neurons in this region. These
      results suggest that circling behavior in the bee is controlled by the balance of
      GABA in the alpha-lobes and mediated by acetylcholinergic neurons.

PMID- 3690266
TI  - Neurotensin in hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal blood.
AB  - The control of hypothalamo-hypophyseal neurotensin secretion was studied using a
      modification of the Worthington-Fink portal sampling technique. Portal
      concentrations of neurotensin were significantly greater than the concentrations
      found in peripheral plasma, and HPLC characterisation demonstrated that both
      portal and peripheral plasma neurotensin were very similar. Two different
      anaesthetic agents, urethane and althesin, did not differ in the resulting portal
      concentrations of neurotensin. Electrical stimulation of the median eminence
      resulted in a very marked increase in portal neurotensin concentration.

PMID- 3690267
TI  - Ultrastructural effects of Guillain-Barre serum in cultures containing only rat
      Schwann cells and dorsal root ganglion neurons.
AB  - Serum from patients with the acute form of the Guillain-Barre syndrome was
      applied to cultures containing only rat dorsal root ganglion neurons and Schwann
      cells. Serum taken from 4 of 10 patients during the first 1-3 weeks of clinical
      onset had previously been shown to have significant demyelinating activity in
      this culture system when observed at the light microscopic level. More detailed
      assessment made at the ultrastructural level showed that: (1) wide-spread myelin
      related Schwann cell lysis occurred in concert with vesicular myelin breakdown;
      (2) non-myelin-related Schwann cells avidly phagocytized necrotic cell debris and
      fragments of compact myelin; and (3) neurites and non-myelin-related Schwann
      cells remained structurally undamaged. Cultures treated with convalescent phase
      serum from patients whose acute phase serum had cytolytic activity displayed no
      significant ultrastructural damage to either neurites or Schwann cells. This is
      the first electron microscopic study to provide direct evidence that acute
      Guillain-Barre serum can be cytolytic for myelin-related Schwann cells and
      peripheral myelin in an experimental setting free of leukocytes, lymphocytes and
      mononuclear phagocytes.

PMID- 3690268
TI  - Peripheral maps and synapse elimination in the cerebellum of the rat. I.
      Representation of peripheral inputs through the climbing fiber pathway in the
      posterior vermis of the normal adult rat.
AB  - The present study gives a detailed description of the functional characteristics
      and of the topographic distribution of responses, mediated through the climbing
      fiber pathway and elicited by electrical stimulation of several peripheral
      inputs, in a circumscribed region of the posterior vermis of the rat cerebellum.
      Experiments were carried out on normal adult rats under urethane anaesthesia.
      Purkinje cells (PCs) which responded to the electric stimulation of the
      contralateral snout, of the ipsilateral and contralateral hindlimb or forepad,
      and of the tail were recorded in an area extending 1000 microns laterally to the
      midline in the vermal part of lobules VII and VIII. Using precise micromapping
      techniques and computer analysis, we located the cells on the map of the unfolded
      PC layer. Taking into account the mean latency of the responses and the
      probability of discharge of the PCs, restricted areas of projection were found
      for the snout, the forepads and the tail. Zones of short-latency responses form
      compact patches of less than 1 mm2. There was some overlap of projection zones
      from tail and snout and from forepads and snout. In these zones, there was a
      convergence of several peripheral inputs on some of the PCs tested. No precise
      projection of the hindlimbs could be detected in the same lobules. These results
      fit well with the hypothesis already proposed that the representation of
      peripheral inputs through the climbing fiber pathway is fractured into a mosaic
      of patches, which are partly overlapping, and in which remote parts of the body
      are represented in adjacent areas.

PMID- 3690269
TI  - A time course and dose-response study of the regulation of brain nicotinic
      receptors by dietary choline.
AB  - We have previously demonstrated that the administration of oral choline chloride
      to rats results in a significant increase in the concentration of putative
      nicotinic cholinergic receptors (nAChRs), as measured by alpha-bungarotoxin
      binding, in comparison with rats fed a choline-free diet. We have extended and
      elucidated these data in the studies reported here. The increase in the
      concentration of nAChRs was found to be dose-dependent and attributable to
      choline supplementation rather than choline deficiency. The increase in the
      concentration of nAChRs occurs rapidly (within 24 h) and is reversible (over a
      period of days) upon elimination of choline supplementation. The oral
      administration of choline chloride had been successful in some but not all
      neurological disorders associated with presumed cholinergic hypoactivity. Studies
      of dietary choline intake in animals may provide information with respect to the
      mechanism by which choline stimulates an increase in nAChRs and may suggest a
      treatment regime that maximizes the central effects of choline.

PMID- 3690270
TI  - Peripheral maps and synapse elimination in the cerebellum of the rat. II.
      Representation of peripheral inputs through the climbing fiber pathway in the
      posterior vermis of X-irradiated adult rats.
AB  - The present study gives a detailed description of the functional characteristics
      and of the topographic distribution of responses mediated through the climbing
      fiber (CF) pathway in the cerebellum of adult rats which have been repeatedly
      irradiated from birth so that the Purkinje cells (PCs) in the adult remained
      innervated by several climbing fibers instead of one. Experiments were carried
      out under urethane anaesthesia. After electrical stimulation of the contralateral
      snout, the ipsilateral and contralateral hindlimb or forepad, and the tail, CF
      EPSPs were recorded from PCs in an area extending 1000 microns laterally to the
      midline in the vermal part of lobules VII and VIII. The stepwise variation of CF
      EPSP amplitude demonstrated the multiple innervation of the PCs by CFs in these
      animals. The responses of a given PC through separate CFs were analyzed
      separately and, using precise micromapping techniques and computer analysis,
      cells were located on the map of the unfolded PC layer. Taking into account the
      mean latency of the responses and the probability of discharge of the PCs,
      restricted areas of projection were found for the snout, the forepads and the
      tail. Zones of short-latency responses formed compact patches of approximately 1
      mm2. Their disposition was very similar to that found in normal rats. The
      responses evoked through the different CFs converging on a given PC were in
      general very homogeneous and very similar to those recorded in control rats.
      There was some overlap of projection zones from tail and snout and from forepads
      and snout. In this latter case, there was a convergence of several peripheral
      inputs on some of the PCs tested. No precise projection of the hindlimbs could be
      detected in the same lobules. These results suggest that, with the type of
      stimulation used, the representation of peripheral inputs through CF pathway is
      roughly conserved even though multiple innervation of PCs by CFs is maintained
      until adulthood.

PMID- 3690271
TI  - Kinetically different, multiple forms of glutamate decarboxylase in rat brain.
AB  - Four molecular forms of rat-brain glutamate decarboxylase were resolved by
      hydrophobic interaction chromatography on phenyl-Sepharose and affinity
      chromatography on ATP-agarose. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of purified
      enzyme and immunoblots of SDS gels indicated a subunit molecular weight of
      approximately 60,000 for each form of the enzyme, and cross-linking with dimethyl
      suberimidate prior to electrophoresis indicated that each form has dimeric
      subunit structure. Immunoblots of non-denaturing gels showed differing
      electrophoretic mobilities among the forms. The kinetic properties of the 4
      enzyme forms were found to be significantly different. The Km for glutamate
      ranged from 0.17 +/- 0.05 to 1.18 +/- 0.08 mM, and there was a greater than two
      fold range in their rates of inactivation by glutamate and GABA in the absence of
      pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. In subcellular fractionation experiments the forms with
      greater electrophoretic mobility were recovered in the synaptosomal fraction, and
      the form with the lowest electrophoretic mobility was the most abundant in the
      postmicrosomal supernatant. Calcium-dependent binding of glutamate decarboxylase
      in crude enzyme preparations to phospholipid vesicles was observed, but none of
      the purified enzyme forms showed an appreciable degree of binding to the
      vesicles.

PMID- 3690272
TI  - Extrahypothalamic brain prolactin: characterization and evidence for independence
      from pituitary prolactin.
AB  - Prompted by reports of immunohistochemical localization of a prolactin-like
      immunoreactivity (PLI) within the rat brain, a study was undertaken to define the
      immunologic and biologic characteristics of this material in extrahypothalamic
      regions of the rat brain. Ninety-seven percent recovery of rat prolactin
      standard, added to homogenates of brain parts, insured that neuronal tissue did
      not interfere with the radioimmunoassay for rat prolactin. PLI was consistently
      found in the cerebellum, thalamus, brainstem (pons-medulla), hippocampus,
      cerebral cortex and caudate. Examination of the elution profile of each of the
      extrahypothalamic brain parts from Sephadex G-75 columns showed that, although a
      small amount of brain PLI elutes in the vicinity of the anterior pituitary
      prolactin marker, the bulk of brain-based PLI migrates with the void volume and
      as late eluting, low molecular weight material. While increasing amounts of brain
      extracts progressively displaced more 125I-prolactin from antibody binding, the
      displacement curve was not parallel to that produced by the addition of
      increasing amounts of anterior pituitary prolactin standards of rat origin.
      Extracts of various brain parts from hypophysectomized animals, analyzed for
      biologic activity in the Nb2 lymphoma cell assay, revealed prolactin-like
      bioactivity, but the bioactivity/immunoreactivity ratio for some of the brain
      parts was significantly lower than that for pituitary prolactin. Hypophysectomy,
      which led to the expected fall in serum prolactin to undetectable levels, and
      restraint stress, which resulted in a statistically significant 4-fold rise in
      serum prolactin, caused no change in prolactin concentrations in
      extrahypothalamic brain parts, indicating that brain PLI is regulated
      independently of pituitary prolactin and of circulating serum prolactin levels.

PMID- 3690273
TI  - Effects of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine on serotonin1 and serotonin2 receptors
      throughout the rat central nervous system using quantitative autoradiography.
AB  - The effects of the serotonin neurotoxin 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT), on
      serotonin1 (5-HT1) and 5-HT2 receptors were investigated using the high degree of
      resolution provided by quantitative autoradiography in an effort to determine the
      synaptic location of these receptors. 5,7-DHT treatment resulted in a decrease in
      5-HT1 binding in the dentate gyrus and CA3c/4 of the anterior hippocampus and in
      the dorsal raphe nucleus, whereas no changes were observed in the posterior
      hippocampus nor in many other brain structures. 5-HT2 receptors exhibited no
      changes in any brain area examined in response to 5,7-DHT treatment, despite over
      90% serotonin depletion in most of the forebrain nuclei examined. The results
      indicate that at least some of the 5-HT1 sites labelled by [3H]5-HT in the
      hippocampus and dorsal raphe nucleus are presynaptic, whereas 5-HT2 receptors are
      probably postsynaptic. In addition, the distribution profiles of 5-HT1 and 5-HT2
      binding sites were compared in the rat central nervous system at various
      anatomical levels. 5-HT1 binding sites were identified using [3H]5-HT, while 5
      HT2 binding sites were labelled with [3H]ketanserin. Both receptor subtypes
      displayed distinctly different localization patterns, which, in most cases was
      the inverse of the other pattern. In the brainstem it is significant that 5-HT2
      receptors are concentrated in the facial nucleus and the motor nucleus of the
      trigeminal nerve, areas known to influence head and facial movement. The
      serotonin-mediated head-shake response occurs when 5-HT2 receptors are activated.
      In contrast, 5-HT1 receptors are distributed throughout the brainstem and in
      specific portions of the spinal cord. These areas are thought to control the
      serotonin behavioral syndrome and this behavior is 5-HT1A-mediated. All raphe
      nuclei were devoid of 5-HT2 receptors; only 5-HT1 receptor were found in these
      nuclei. Correlations with serotonin terminal distribution patterns are discussed.
      The pattern of 5-HT2 receptor distribution was also compared with the pattern of
      alpha 1 receptors, using [3H]prazosin in order to determine whether
      [3H]ketanserin significantly labels alpha 1 receptors. Although some similarities
      exist, overlap of binding did not occur in other nuclei, indicating that alpha 1
      contamination of this system is probably negligible.

PMID- 3690274
TI  - Modulation of memory processing by neuropeptide Y.
AB  - Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36 amino acid peptide which occurs in high
      concentrations in the amygdala and the hippocampus. The studies reported here
      demonstrate that administration of porcine NPY into the third ventricle of the
      brain enhanced memory retention for T-maze footshock avoidance and step-down
      passive avoidance training in mice. Human NPY at 5 micrograms enhanced retention
      but the inactive free acid form for NPY did not. NPY at 5 micrograms administered
      subcutaneously did not enhance retention. Post-training administration of NPY
      produced a dose-dependent, inverted U-shaped dose-response curve for retention of
      both passive and active avoidance conditioning. NPY enhanced retention in a time
      dependent manner. NPY was also found to alleviate the amnesia caused by
      anisomycin, a protein synthesis inhibitor, and scopolamine, an anticholinergic.
      Pre-test administration of NPY improved recall but did not affect acquisition.
      These data support the concept that NPY is a modulator of memory processes.

PMID- 3690275
TI  - Serotonin pharmacodynamics in hypothalamic tissues from young and old female
      rats.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of aging on serotonin (5
      HT) pharmacodynamics in rostral hypothalamic tissue of female rats. Monoamine
      oxidase (MAO) activity was greater in old (19 months old) than in young (3 months
      old) animals. This difference resulted from a higher Vmax for hypothalamic MAO
      from old rats, whereas Km's were comparable in both age groups. These enzymatic
      changes were accompanied by altered uptake and release of [3H]5-HT. Although
      [3H]5-HT uptake was not different at equilibrium between groups, the equilibrium
      state was achieved more slowly by hypothalamic tissue from old rats. Basal and
      potassium-stimulated efflux of [3H]5-HT was significantly greater in old rats
      compared with young ones and these differences remained during multiple
      depolarizations. The findings of this study suggest that synaptic levels of
      hypothalamic 5-HT increase with age. Since pharmacological simulation of this
      condition in young rats produces physiologic dysfunction, the spontaneous changes
      that occur in hypothalamic 5-HT pharmacodynamics during aging have the potential
      to promote senescence.

PMID- 3690276
TI  - Cerebral endothelial microvilli following global brain ischemia in dogs.
AB  - Cerebral blood vessels (BVs) of dogs subjected to global brain ischemia by
      complete cardiac arrest of 15 min followed by 8 h of reperfusion, were studied in
      neocortex and hippocampus by means of transmission electron microscopy.
      Widespread endothelial microvilli were present in the postischemic animals. The
      number of endothelial microvilli in the postischemic animals (mean/BV in the
      neocortex = 3.26 and in the hippocampus = 2.54) was significantly larger than
      that in the non-ischemic controls (mean/BV in the neocortex = 1.39 and in the
      hippocampus = 0.84), P for both regions being less than 0.05. Arterioles, venules
      and capillaries, all were equally affected. Endothelial pinocytotic vesicles were
      also observed frequently in the postischemic dogs. Marked pericapillary swelling
      of astrocytic foot processes was present in the surrounding neuropil. It is
      concluded that the prominent cerebral endothelial microvilli recognized after 8 h
      of reperfusion following cardiac arrest in this experimental model of global
      brain ischemia, may play a significant role in the development of delayed
      postischemic hypoperfusion.

PMID- 3690277
TI  - Atrophy of the striatum and motor disturbance induced by colchicine.
AB  - To determine the functional role of the striatonigral system in the circling
      behavior of rats and the mode of action of colchicine, we investigated the
      circling behavior induced by dopamine agonists after microinjection of colchicine
      into the unilateral striatum. Both apomorphine and methamphetamine produced
      ipsilateral circling behaviors in rats injected with colchicine, indicating that
      ipsilateral striatonigral pathways were damaged by the drug. Histological and
      biochemical examinations showed that intracaudate injection of colchicine damaged
      not only the dopaminergic neurons but also caused atrophy of the striatum with
      loss of neuronal perikarya. These results suggest that treatment with colchicine
      may be used as a model of senile atrophy or degenerative atrophy in these
      animals.

PMID- 3690278
TI  - Phorbol esters stimulate 2-deoxyglucose uptake in glia, but not neurons.
AB  - Activation of protein kinase C by phorbol esters caused a time- and dose
      dependent stimulation (270% of control) of glucose uptake in cultured glia, but
      not in neurons from rat brain. The phorbol ester stimulation of Vmax of glial
      glucose uptake occurred only in glia despite nearly 2.5-fold greater phorbol
      ester binding in neurons. These differences in cellular responses to protein
      kinase C activation may be the key to understanding brain glucose regulation.

PMID- 3690279
TI  - Intracellular potentials and discharge patterns of expiratory neurons in the
      caudal ventral respiratory group: influence of phasic pulmonary afferent input.
AB  - In decerebrate paralyzed cats, the membrane potential (MP) patterns of 12
      augmenting expiratory (E) neurons in the caudal ventral respiratory group, and
      phrenic and recurrent laryngeal activities, were compared for inspiratory (I)
      phases with and without lung inflation. No-inflation produced, in the MPs of E
      neurons, larger hyperpolarization during I and during early E (associated with
      increased early-E laryngeal activity), suggesting an increase of inhibitory
      inputs from I neurons and early-E neurons, respectively.

PMID- 3690280
TI  - Light microscopic visualisation of the presynaptic nerve terminal calyx in
      dissociated chick ciliary ganglion neurons.
AB  - The pre- and postsynaptic elements of the calyx-type synapse in the chick ciliary
      ganglion were stained with Lucifer yellow in situ, and the structure of this
      synapse was examined after enzymatic dissociation of the ganglion. Back-staining
      of the ciliary nerve resulted in darkly stained neuronal cell bodies. Foreward
      staining of the presynaptic oculomotor nerve did not stain the neurons, but
      instead resulted in a 'halo' of fluorescence around the cell bodies,
      corresponding to the large presynaptic calyxes. This study demonstrates the
      feasability of staining the presynaptic terminals in dissociated ciliary neurons
      and demonstrates the range of calyx structure at this physiologically interesting
      synapse.

PMID- 3690281
TI  - Neurogenic mediation of serum-induced microvascular constriction.
AB  - We have used the rat hippocampal slice preparation as a model system for the
      study of microvascular vasospasm. Penetrating cerebral microvessels in the slice
      constrict in response to a variety of stimuli, including serum from coagulated
      blood. Microvascular responses to many stimuli are associated with changes in the
      activity of nearby neurons, and in some cases can be shown to be neurogenically
      mediated. Here we use the selective neurotoxin, tetrodotoxin (TTX), to show that
      serum-induced constriction is also neurogenically mediated. This neural
      regulation of microvessel caliber may participate in pathological
      vasoconstriction mechanisms in the whole animal.

PMID- 3690282
TI  - Efferent projections from posteroventral cochlear nucleus to lateral superior
      olive in guinea pig.
AB  - Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L), a kidney bean lectin used as an
      anterograde tracer, was iontophoretically injected into the posteroventral
      cochlear nucleus (PVCN) of guinea pigs. PHA-L-labeled fiber segments and their
      terminal specializations were observed within the ipsilateral lateral superior
      olive (LSO) thereby establishing the existence of an efferent neural pathway from
      PVCN to this nucleus. Furthermore, the pathway is topographically organized with
      dorsal regions of PVCN projecting to the medial limb and ventral regions
      projecting to the lateral limb of LSO.

PMID- 3690283
TI  - Electrical stimulation of the midbrain central gray facilitates lateral
      vestibulospinal activation of back muscle EMG in the rat.
AB  - Electrical stimulation in the midbrain central gray in urethane-anesthetized
      female rats increased responses of the deep back muscles lateral longissimus and
      medial longissimus to stimulation of the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN). During
      central gray stimulation, LVN stimuli led to larger muscle responses, recruitment
      of new motor units, and decreased latency of muscle response. Effective central
      gray sites are hypothesized to act through axons descending to medullary
      reticular formation. Results are consistent with participation of these neuronal
      groups in the activation of lordosis behavior, a vertebral dorsiflexion that
      requires deep back muscle contraction, but these electromyographic results could
      also be relevant for other behaviors that require vertebral postural adjustments.

PMID- 3690284
TI  - The axon reaction of lamprey spinal interneurons.
AB  - Axotomy and partial denervation of giant interneurons (GIs) and lateral cells
      (LCs) were produced by complete spinal transection in the larval lamprey spinal
      cord. Both cell types demonstrated a reduction in cytoplasmic basophilia,
      increase in cell size, nuclear eccentricity, and formation of a chromophilic
      nuclear cap. This was quantified in the case of cell diameter. During the first 8
      weeks of recovery, the GIs with the largest diameters were found progressively
      further from the scar and this peak change moved at approximately 0.5 mm/day. The
      increase in size of GIs remained up to 20 weeks post-transection, long after the
      time required for their axons to regenerate across the scar and form functioning
      synapses. GIs injected intracellularly with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) also
      showed this increase in diameter as well as a simplification of their dendritic
      trees. Intracellular recordings from GIs revealed changes in the frequency and
      amplitude of spontaneous synaptic input. In the first two weeks after
      transection, spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and
      inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) were less frequent than in control
      cells. After 6 weeks of recovery they became more frequent than in control cells.
      EPSPs predominated in axotomized GIs, while in control cells they constituted
      only 36% of the total of spontaneous potentials. A reversible increase in the
      amplitude of these EPSPs occurred at 3-4 weeks of recovery time. The resting
      membrane potential was significantly reduced by the 6th week after transection
      and returned to normal after the 22nd week.

PMID- 3690285
TI  - Purinergic modulation in the brain of the spiny lobster.
AB  - Earlier studies identified purinergic chemoreceptors in the olfactory organ of
      the spiny lobster, Panulirus argus. In this study, electrophysiological
      experiments demonstrate that purinergic substances can modulate both the
      spontaneous activity and the evoked responses of neurons within the brain of this
      animal. Perfusion of the brain with 100 microM adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)
      modulated the spontaneous activity of 71% of the brain interneurons that were
      monitored. AMP also modulated the electrically or chemically evoked activity of
      25% of the monitored interneurons. The effects were dose-dependent (down to 1
      microM) and reversible. The modulatory effects of adenosine were similar to those
      of AMP, and were antagonized by the adenosine receptor antagonist 1,3-dipropyl-8
      p-sulfophenylxanthine. The modulation by AMP or adenosine was depressive in most
      but not all neurons, as is the case with purinergic effects in the brain of
      vertebrates. We believe this is the first demonstration of modulatory effects of
      purinergic substances in the nervous system of any invertebrate.

PMID- 3690286
TI  - Brain adenosine receptors in Maudsley reactive and non-reactive rats.
AB  - Previous work in our laboratory has shown that the Maudsley reactive (MR) strain
      of rats cannot be differentiated from the Maudsley non-reactive (MNR) strain
      regarding the number or affinity of their brain benzodiazepine binding sites. In
      the present study we show that the number of cerebellar adenosine receptors (as
      studied using [3H]cyclohexyladenosine, [3H]CHA, as the ligand) are increased by
      15-30% in the MR strain. This alteration was corroborated by quantitative
      autoradiographic analysis and found to be localized to the molecular layer of the
      cerebellum where adenosine receptors are believed to reside on parallel fibers of
      cerebellar granule cells.

PMID- 3690287
TI  - Effect of cholinergic deficit induced by ethylcholine aziridinium (AF64A) on
      noradrenergic and dopaminergic parameters in rat brain.
AB  - The consequences of reduced cholinergic function on noradrenergic and
      dopaminergic neurons has been studied in various rat brain areas for a period of
      up to 28 days following bilateral intracerebroventricular infusion of various
      doses of ethylcholine aziridinium ion (AF64A; 1-5 nmol/ventricle). This treatment
      resulted in a dose-dependent, persistent decrease in acetylcholine (ACh) content
      ranging from 50.3 +/- 6.0% to 76.9 +/- 3.8% when compared to vehicle-injected
      rats. Concomitantly, there was a transient, dose-dependent decrease (up to 46.7
      +/- 6.4%) in norepinephrine (NE) levels in hippocampus, cortex and hypothalamus.
      Whereas the noradrenergic system recovered fully within 28 days after 1-3 nmol
      AF64A/ventricle, the decrease in NE levels persisted after 5 nmol/ventricle. In
      striatum, a small decrease in ACh levels 4 days after AF64A infusion was
      accompanied by a transient, dose-dependent decrease in the levels of dopamine
      (DA) and its metabolites dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid,
      suggesting a decrease in DA synthesis and release. Dopaminergic function was
      fully restored within 14 days after all doses of AF64A used. These data suggest
      that reduction of cholinergic function might have a considerable impact on
      noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurons, causing an increase in NE release as well
      as depression of dopaminergic function.

PMID- 3690288
TI  - Regional autonomy in the peripheral processing of odor signals in newborn
      rabbits.
AB  - In newborn rabbits, small and apparently arbitrary regions of the olfactory bulb
      and associated epithelium appear capable of a high degree of odor processing.
      After medial or lateral removal of up to 80% of the olfactory bulbs, including
      the accessory bulb, newborn pups were still able to respond appropriately to the
      pheromone-governing suckling behavior (Expt. I), could rapidly learn to associate
      a novel, artificial odor with suckling (Expt. II), and continued to respond
      appropriately to artificial odors learned prior to lesioning (Expt. III). These
      findings suggest that the perception and recognition of such suckling signals
      does not depend on the integration of information from the entire bulb or
      epithelium, and question the extent to which patterns of 2-deoxyglucose uptake in
      the bulb reflect the neural coding for specific odors. However, as the tasks set
      here only required detection of odor signals and not true odor discrimination, it
      may still be that the full bulbar pattern of activation is necessary for higher
      order processing, such as distinguishing between odors and attributing different
      meanings to them.

PMID- 3690289
TI  - Serotonergic and cholinergic stimulation of inositol phosphate formation in the
      rabbit retina. Evidence for the presence of serotonin and muscarinic receptors.
AB  - A direct assay which involves prelabelling with [3H]inositol has been performed
      to characterize receptor-mediated breakdown of inositol phospholipids in the
      rabbit retina. In the presence of 10 mM lithium, the receptor agonists, carbachol
      and serotonin (5-HT), evoked an increase in the accumulation of tritiated
      inositol phosphates in a dose-dependent manner. A variety of 5-HT and other
      antagonists were used to show that at least part of the 5-HT-induced response is
      mediated by 5-HT2 receptor sites, adding weight to the theory that 5-HT plays a
      neurotransmitter role in the mammalian retina. The very high rate of carbachol
      stimulated inositol phosphate accumulation observed in retinas from young animals
      (10 days) decreases significantly during development of the rabbit to the adult
      stage. In contrast 5-HT only induces significant stimulation of inositol
      phosphate accumulation in retinas of animals matured to at least 17 days.
      Separation of total accumulated inositol phosphates (after stimulation with both
      carbachol and 5-HT) showed that the vast majority of tritium label was associated
      with the monophosphate fraction.

PMID- 3690290
TI  - Reversal of scopolamine-induced amnesia and alterations in energy metabolism by
      the nootropic piracetam: implications regarding identification of brain
      structures involved in consolidation of memory traces.
AB  - Pretreatment with scopolamine, 3 mg/kg, prevented the acquisition of a passive
      avoidance task in rats. These amnesic effects of scopolamine could largely be
      overcome by treatment with 100 mg/kg of the nootropic drug piracetam. In order to
      identify the brain structures involved, the effects of these drugs on regional
      energy metabolism were measured throughout the brain, utilizing Sokoloff's 2
      deoxyglucose autoradiographic procedures. Scopolamine, 3 mg/kg, reduced glucose
      utilization in several areas of the cerebral cortex. These effects were largest
      in the parietal and temporal cortices. Other areas affected included the
      sensorimotor and cingulate cortices, the ventral and lateral thalamus, and the
      dendritic neuropil of the CA1, CA2, and CA3 regions of the hippocampus. The
      regional depressions in glucose metabolism observed following scopolamine
      treatment in the rat had some resemblance to depressions in glucose metabolism
      reported for Alzheimer's disease patients in positron emission tomography
      studies. Piracetam, 100 mg/kg, did not alter the energy metabolism of any of the
      41 brain regions examined. However, this dose of piracetam completely reversed
      the scopolamine-induced depressions in the hippocampus. Piracetam partially but
      significantly reversed the scopolamine effects in the cingulate cortex. It is
      concluded that the data provide support for the hippocampal-cholinergic theory of
      memory as originally formulated by Meyers and Domino in 1964 and give insight
      into the mechanisms by which nootropics work.

PMID- 3690291
TI  - Action spectra of the lateral eyes recorded from mammalian pineal glands.
AB  - Single neuronal units from the pineal stalk and the pineal body of hamsters,
      guinea pigs and rats were recorded during photic stimulation of the lateral eyes
      in order to identify the retinal photoreceptor that mediates the environmental
      control of the mammalian pineal. Two cell types could be distinguished: one type
      was characterized by spontaneous spike discharges that were irresponsive to light
      stimulation of the eyes and the pineal body; the other, also spontaneously
      active, responded to flash stimulation of the lateral eye with On- and Off
      discharges. With increasing light intensity, the spike frequency of the second
      response type followed a sigmoidal function up to a saturation level. Spectral
      sensitivity curves of all dark-adapted animals peaked at 500 nm. During light
      adaptation (18 microW/cm2) action spectra exhibited an additional maximum in the
      red (560 nm, rats and hamsters) and in the blue (450 nm, guinea pigs) light,
      respectively. Chromatic adaptation to orange light diminished the sensitivity at
      longer wavelengths, whereas adaptation to blue-green light enhanced the
      sensitivities at longer wavelengths. Thus, the spectral sensitivity recorded from
      pineal units of hamsters, guinea pigs and rats corresponds to those described for
      retinal ganglion cells, which indicates that both rods and cones contribute to
      the light-sensitivity of the mammalian pineal gland. Direct illumination of the
      pineal gland did not influence the activity of pineal units.

PMID- 3690292
TI  - Acetylcholine and its enzymes in some brain areas of the rat under stress.
AB  - A period of 1 or 24 h of cold stress (5 degrees C) resulted in a significant
      decrease of acetylcholine (ACh) concentration in the hypothalamus and hippocampus
      in rats. In the hippocampus the activity of the choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)
      was significantly increased after 24 h and that of acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
      after 1 and 24 h exposure to cold, whereas in the hypothalamus, AChE activity was
      found to be decreased, albeit only after 24 h exposure. Separate investigation of
      the dorsal and ventral hippocampus under 24 h of cold revealed that the ACh
      decreased in the dorsal hippocampus only, where no change in ChAT activity was
      observed. On the other hand, ACh showed no change in the ventral hippocampus
      where an increase of ChAT activity was found. Forced swimming for 20 min also
      induced a significant decrease of ACh in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex,
      along with a significant increase of choline concentration in the given regions.
      We conclude that under certain stress situations the cholinergic system in rat
      brain areas, mainly in the hippocampus and hypothalamus, is activated.

PMID- 3690293
TI  - Thermosensitivity of neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the rat slice
      preparation.
AB  - The thermosensitivity of 65 spontaneously active neurons in the paraventricular
      nucleus (PVN) was investigated by extracellular recording in the rat hypothalamic
      slice preparation. The firing rate of these cells was comparatively low, ranging
      from 0.03 to 10.0 (mean 2.46) impulses/s at 37 degrees C, and only a minority
      showed a phasic firing pattern. Of 65 neurons tested, 23 (35%) increased their
      firing rate when the slice was warmed (warm-sensitive neurons) and 9 (14%) showed
      the opposite response (cold-sensitive neurons). Thermosensitivity was also tested
      in solutions with reduced [Ca2+] and high [Mg2+]. Eight out of 10 warm-sensitive
      neurons and 5 of 7 cold-sensitive neurons retained thermosensitivity after
      synaptic blockade. Out of 6 phasic firing neurons tested, one showed warm
      sensitivity and another one showed cold-sensitivity. The thermosensitive neurons
      were diffusely distributed throughout the PVN and were not located in particular
      areas of the nucleus. Thus a group of cells in the PVN, including probably both
      magno- and parvocellular neurons, showed an inherent thermosensitivity, which
      suggests an important role for the PVN in thermoregulation.

PMID- 3690294
TI  - Plasma LH rises rapidly following mating in hypogonadal female mice with preoptic
      area (POA) brain grafts.
AB  - Hypogonadal female mice, genetically deficient in gonadotropin releasing hormone
      (GnRH), respond to preoptic area (POA) grafts obtained from normal fetal or
      neonatal mice with increased gonadotropin levels, ovarian and uterine development
      and continual vaginal estrus rather than spontaneous ovulatory cyclicity.
      Previous studies showed that such mice became pregnant following one overnight
      pairing with a normal male, indicating reflex ovulation. The present study
      evaluated plasma LH concentrations in relation to mating. Plasma LH levels in the
      hpg females with POA grafts were significantly elevated 10 min following the male
      partner's ejaculation, but were no different than baseline at 30, 60 or 120 min
      following the male's ejaculation. The post-copulatory plasma LH levels of 3.0 +/-
      0.6 ng/ml (mean +/- S.E.M.) were considerably lower than the proestrous LH surge
      seen in the normal females in the colony (16.8 +/- 4.8 ng/ml), but in at least 4
      of 10 hpg mice the levels were sufficient to induce ovulation as proved by
      pregnancy following this single mating. Grafts contained GnRH-reactive cells and
      fibers that projected to the median eminence of the host brains.

PMID- 3690295
TI  - Influence of long-term acute heat exposure on regional blood-brain barrier
      permeability, cerebral blood flow and 5-HT level in conscious normotensive young
      rats.
AB  - Exposure of conscious young rats to 4 h heat stress at 38 degrees C in B.O.D.
      incubator was associated with increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability in
      14 brain regions studied. In the same regions cerebral flow (CBF) diminished by 4
      65%, but the magnitude of flow reduction was not correlated with the degree of
      increased BBB permeability. On the other hand, a correlation was observed with
      increased plasma and brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels. p
      Chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA), indomethacin and diazepam pretreatment prevented
      both the increased BBB permeability and 5-HT levels following heat exposure.
      Whereas cyproheptadine and vinblastine pretreatment prevented the increased BBB
      permeability alone. The probable mechanism(s) underlying the BBB permeability is
      discussed.

PMID- 3690296
TI  - Gradient of arginine vasopressin concentration but not angiotensin II
      concentration between cerebrospinal fluid of anterior 3rd ventricle and cisterna
      magna in dogs.
AB  - Dogs were chronically implanted with two devices for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
      sampling from (a) the anterior part of the 3rd ventricle and (b) the cisterna
      magna. In conscious dogs arginine vasopressin (AVP) concentration of CSF samples
      collected at different occasions were 2-3 times higher in the CSF of the 3rd
      ventricle as compared to the AVP concentration of the cisterna magna. Inhalation
      anesthesia stimulated AVP release into the CSF at both sites by a factor of about
      2, the gradient between 3rd ventricle and cisterna magna CSF of 2-3 remained for
      AVP in simultaneously collected samples. In contrast, angiotensin II-like
      immunoreactivity of CSF was not significantly different at both sites, neither in
      the conscious dogs nor during anesthesia. It is concluded that the main amount of
      AVP enters the CSF at the 3rd ventricular level.

PMID- 3690297
TI  - Cardiovascular effects of microinjections of adenosine analogs into the fourth
      ventricle of rats.
AB  - Rats were implanted with chronic indwelling cannulae into the posterior region of
      the fourth ventricle. After recovery from surgery, acute experiments on blood
      pressure were conducted under urethane anesthesia. The blood pressure and heart
      rate responses following administration of two adenosine analogs, NECA and L-PIA
      were examined. Microinjections of both analogs produced dose-dependent reductions
      in blood pressure and heart rate. NECA was approximately 20-fold more potent than
      L-PIA in reducing blood pressure and depressing heart rate. The cardiovascular
      effects of both analogs were antagonized by parenteral injections of caffeine.
      These findings show that microinjections of analogs of adenosine into the fourth
      ventricle can influence areas of the central nervous system involved in
      cardiovascular control.

PMID- 3690299
TI  - Acetylcholine reduces net outward currents measured in vivo with single electrode
      voltage clamp techniques in neurons of the motor cortex of cats.
AB  - Effects of acetylcholine (ACh) on membrane currents of cells of the motor cortex
      were measured directly, in vivo, in awake cats using single electrode voltage
      clamp (SEVC) techniques. Extracellular applications (90-95 nA) of 2 M ACh for
      periods of 30 s or less produced significant decreases in net outward currents
      elicited by depolarizing commands whereas applications of saline did not.
      Reductions of net outward currents were also obtained after intracellular
      pressure injections of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP)-dependent protein
      kinase (cGPK) mixed with 10 microM cyclic GMP.

PMID- 3690298
TI  - The blood-spinal cord barrier after injury: pattern of vascular events proximal
      and distal to a transection in the rat.
AB  - The effect of spinal cord transection on the blood-spinal cord barrier was
      examined at both the light and electron microscopic levels using the vascular
      tracer, horseradish peroxidase (HRP). At the light microscopic level, the pattern
      of hemorrhage and distribution of reaction product were examined and quantified
      at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 cm proximal and distal to the transection. The morphometric
      data supports the hypothesis that regions of the cord that are distal to a
      transection, exhibit a more pronounced vascular disruption than at comparable
      sites proximal to the injury. This asymmetry is not apparent until 1 day after
      injury and is characterized by an increase in the areas of hemorrhage and
      reaction product at 1.0 and 2.0 cm distal to the transection as compared to
      similar sites proximal. In previous ultrastructural studies we demonstrated that
      the primary mechanism for barrier breakdown distal to a transection appeared to
      be transendothelial vascular transport of the tracer. In the present study, we
      extended these observations to sites proximal to a transection and confirmed that
      a similar mechanism of barrier breakdown occurs. There was no evidence for
      interendothelial passage of tracer across compromised tight junctions. Further
      studies are under way to quantify the vesicular transport in order to determine
      if differences in the intensity of this response contribute to the asymmetry in
      barrier permeability demonstrated by light microscopy.

PMID- 3690300
TI  - Light-induced stimulation of retinal dopamine: a dose-response relationship.
AB  - Light stimulates dopamine (DA) release in the retina. The purpose of this study
      was to determine the threshold and dose-response relationship between ocular
      light exposure and retinal DA synthesis in vivo. Groups of dark-adapted rats were
      exposed to 0, 1, 3, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 or 1000 microwatts per square centimeter
      (microW/cm2) of white light for 15 min. Retinal DA and dihydroxyphenylalanine
      (DOPA) were subsequently quantified by liquid chromatography with electrochemical
      detection. Both the DA and DOPA data fit hyperbolic curves significantly (P less
      than 0.01). Exposure to white light at 25 microW/cm2 or greater appears to elicit
      the maximum response of these neurons. Threshold irradiation is calculated to be
      3-5 microW/cm2. These results indicate that retinal DA synthesis and presumably
      DA neuron activity have a graded response to increasing irradiances of white
      light.

PMID- 3690301
TI  - Open-field behavior of rats previously subjected to short-term hyperbilirubinemia
      with or without blood-brain barrier manipulations.
AB  - The aim of this study was to investigate (i) whether bilirubin encephalopathy
      with lasting sequelae could be created in a rat model, and (ii) putative
      differences in brain toxicity between bound and unbound bilirubin.
      Hyperbilirubinemia was produced by infusing bilirubin 20 mg/kg/h during 3 h into
      6-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats. In addition to the hyperbilirubinemia,
      different groups were created by exposing the rats to hyperosmolality,
      hypercarbia, and sulfisoxazole. Three weeks after the infusion the rats were
      studied in an open-field apparatus during 10 daily sessions of 15 min duration. A
      data collection program was used to study the following measures of activity:
      crossings in cage, peeks, rearing, latency to enter field, crossings in middle
      and in outer field, and time outside cage. The data were subjected to
      multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA). Generally, the level of activity was
      higher in the bilirubin-treated rats as compared to the control animals. The
      difference in activity between bilirubin-treated and control rats changed
      systematically both between and within sessions. The data show that both unbound
      and albumin-bound bilirubin are neurotoxic, but they indicate a more pronounced
      effect of unbound bilirubin. The sequelae of bilirubin brain toxicity appear to
      include changes in stimulus processing. This is compatible with findings from
      neuropsychological tests of children who have had significant neonatal
      hyperbilirubinemia.

PMID- 3690302
TI  - Substantia nigra and motor control in the rat: effect of intranigral alpha
      kainate and gamma-D-glutamylaminomethylsulphonate on motility.
AB  - Bilateral microinjections of an excitatory amino acid, alpha-kainate (KA), 5-50
      ng, into the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNR) result in an increase in the
      muscle tone and catalepsy in rats. The preferential KA/quisqualate antagonist,
      gamma-D-glutamylaminomethylsulphonate (gamma-D-GAMS), 10 micrograms, blocks the
      actions of KA, 25 ng, when coadministered into the SNR. The chemical lesion of
      the caudate-putamen with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) does not affect either
      increases in the muscle tone or catalepsy produced by KA, 25 ng, from the SNR.
      The lesion of the caudate-putamen with ibotenate moderately enhances the effect
      of KA, 25 ng, on the muscle tone. Microinjections of KA, 25 ng, into the
      substantia nigra pars compacta (SNC) do not increase the muscle tone and lead to
      significantly less pronounced catalepsy relative to that observed following the
      injections of KA into the SNR. Unilateral microinjections of KA, 10-50 ng, into
      the SNR elicit ipsilateral turning in rats in a dose- and time-dependent manner.
      Unilateral application of gamma-D-GAMS, 1-10 micrograms, into the SNR produces
      contralateral turning. The turning evoked by KA, 25 ng, or gamma-D-GAMS, 10
      micrograms, is affected neither by 6-OHDA nor by ibotenate lesion of the caudate
      putamen. These results demonstrate that excitatory neurotransmission in the
      substantia nigra participates in the regulation of the muscle tone and posture in
      rats.

PMID- 3690303
TI  - Synthetic omega-conotoxin: a potent calcium channel blocking neurotoxin.
AB  - The Ca2+ channel blocking action of synthetic omega-conotoxin (omega CTX) was
      studied on isolated frog dorsal root ganglion neurons using a 'concentration
      clamp' technique which enabled internal perfusion and rapid external solution
      change. At 100 nM, omega CTX showed a time-dependent depression of Ca2+ current
      (ICa). At higher concentrations, omega CTX exhibited a dose-dependent depression
      of ICa amplitude without changing the current-voltage relationship. Increases in
      external Ca2+ concentration partly overcame the inhibitory action of omega CTX on
      the ICa amplitude. At 10 microM omega CTX totally blocked ICa without effect on
      the Na+ current. It was likely that omega CTX had high selectivity for the Ca2+
      channel.

PMID- 3690304
TI  - Local blood flow and vascular permeability of autonomic ganglion-transplants in
      the brain.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine whether the blood vessels of
      transplanted neural tissue retain their functional characteristics. Quantitative
      autoradiography was used to measure local blood flow (F) with iodoantipyrine and
      the blood-to-tissue transfer constant (K) with alpha-aminoisobutyric acid in
      superior cervical ganglion (SCG) allografted to the surface of ventricle IV and
      into the cerebellum of the same rat. The F of the intraparenchymal grafts was
      slightly lower than that of the intraventricular grafts; F decreased between 1
      and 4 weeks in SCG grafts at both sites. The permeability-surface area (PS)
      product of the microvessels and extraction fraction of AIB were calculated from
      these results and indicated restricted transvascular passage of the amino acid in
      both the in situ and grafted SCG. Surface area (S) and average length (L) of the
      microvessels were determined morphometrically and their permeability (P) was
      calculated from these data. Although K and PS decreased in the grafts compared to
      in situ SCG, a comparable decrease in S indicated that P was similar for the
      microvessels of both in situ and 1-week-old SCG transplants: 3.5-4.3 x 10(-6)
      cm/s. Between 1 and 4 weeks after transplantation, the P of the microvessels
      decreased to approximately 1.6-2.3 x 10(-6) cm/s without any change in S. Thus,
      the blood vessels of SCG grafts within or upon the brain initially retain the
      functional attributes of in situ SCG microvessels, but the average permeability
      of the graft microvessels decreases to approximately one half of the initial
      value by 4 weeks after transplantation.

PMID- 3690305
TI  - The relationship between callosal variation and lateralization in mice is
      genotype-dependent.
AB  - The relation between morphological variation of the corpus callosum and variation
      in the degree of paw preference was investigated in 129/J and BALB/cCF mice. A
      positive relationship explaining 24% of the variance of paw preference was found
      in 129/J mice; no such relationship exists in BALB/cCF mice. It is suggested
      that, since the genetic dissimilarity between these two inbred strains is
      comparable in magnitude with the genetic dissimilarity between unrelated human
      subjects, genetic variation may have been an uncontrolled source of heterogeneity
      in previous human neuropsychological studies.

PMID- 3690306
TI  - The influence of gravity on horizontal and vertical vestibulo-ocular and
      optokinetic reflexes in the rabbit.
AB  - The influence of the linear acceleration of gravity on the vertical and
      horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflexes (VVOR, HVOR) as well as the vertical and
      horizontal optokinetic reflexes (VOKR, HOKR) has been examined in rabbits.
      Rabbits were mounted in a biaxial rate table in front of a rear projection
      tangent screen. Eye movements were measured with a light projection technique.
      The HVOR, VVOR, HOKR and VOKR were measured in rabbits which were maintained both
      prone and supine. The gain of the HVOR for the supine orientation was reduced at
      all frequencies tested (0.01-0.80 Hz). Similarly there was a reduction in the
      gain of the HOKR. By contrast, the gain of the VVOR in the supine orientation was
      enhanced over a lower range of frequencies (0.02-0.04 Hz) and reduced at higher
      frequencies (0.10-0.80 Hz). The gain of the VOKR was not reduced in the supine
      orientation. The range of eye positions over which compensatory eye movements
      occurred was restricted in the supine orientation. The altered orientation of the
      medio-laterally polarized hair cells of the utricular maculae with respect to
      gravity in the supine orientation may cause postural instability and facilitate
      'righting reflexes'. A reduction in the gains of the HVOR, VVOR and HOKR caused
      by linear accelerations in the sagittal plane during locomotion may decrease
      automatic postural responses during certain movements in which these automatic
      postural adjustments would not necessarily be adaptive.

PMID- 3690307
TI  - Oxytocin and cholecystokinin induce grooming behavior in the ventral tegmentum of
      the rat.
AB  - Oxytocin (OXY) and cholecystokinin (CCK) coexist in neurons of the supraoptic
      nucleus and the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus of the rat (Cell
      Tissue Res., 221 (1981) 227-231). Behavioral analysis of one possible terminal
      field of the OXY-CCK coexistence, the caudal region of the mesencephalic ventral
      tegmentum, was undertaken to investigate the functional significance of this
      coexistence. Both OXY and CCK were found to induce grooming behaviors when
      microinjected into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of awake rats. Combinations
      of one low and one higher dose of OXY and CCK yielded grooming scores which were
      not significantly different from grooming scores induced by each peptide alone.
      In this case of putative coexistence of two peptides without a 'classical'
      neurotransmitter, each peptide appears to have a behavioral function, and the
      interaction between the two peptides may be competitive.

PMID- 3690308
TI  - Injury-related spinal cord astrocytes are immunoglobulin-positive (IgM and/or
      IgG) at different time periods in the regenerative process.
AB  - IgG-positive astrocytes have been reported in scrapie-induced and Alzheimer's
      cortical plaques, multiple sclerosis, and CNS tissue around abscesses, metastatic
      tumors and primary tumors of glial origin. The present experiments ascertain if
      this immunoglobulin positivity is specific for these cases or a function of
      astrocytes around any site of injury in the CNS. The spinal cords of 30, 300-g
      Sprague-Dawley male rats were lesioned by passing a 26 gauge needle through the
      cord at T6. After periods as long as 9 months, the spinal cords were processed
      for paraffin immunohistochemistry with antisera to IgM, IgG or double labeled for
      these immunoglobulins and GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) a specific
      cytoplasmic marker for astrocytes. From 1 through 7 days after lesioning double
      labeled astrocytes in and around the site of injury are both IgM- and IgG
      positive. From 14 days through 9 months postlesion, double labeled astrocytes
      surrounding the lesion are only positive for IgG. These data indicate a
      relationship between immunoglobulin availability, continued blood-brain barrier
      perturbation to immunoglobulins and the ability of reactive astrocytes to
      sequestor immunoglobulins. IgM is an early determinant for reactive astrocytes
      and IgG positivity is determinant for reactive astrocytes at any time period.

PMID- 3690309
TI  - Cholinergic neurons in the rabbit retina: dendritic branching and ultrastructural
      connectivity.
AB  - The structure and synaptic connectivity of rabbit retinal cholinergic neurons
      have been studied with an immunocytochemical technique for the localization of
      choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). Cholinergic processes ramified in two narrow
      strata within the inner plexiform layer; viewed in the plane of the retina, each
      immunoreactive stratum took the form of a polygonal meshwork with openings of
      about 20 microns. There was frequently an extensive matching of the patterns of
      the two strata, such that openings in one meshwork lay directly over openings of
      similar size in the other meshwork. It is hypothesized that the pattern of
      branching of these cholinergic processes is a reflection of the branching pattern
      of ganglion cell dendrites in the cholinergic strata. The proximal cholinergic
      stratum was examined ultrastructurally, and had the following characteristics:
      (1) ChAT-immunoreactive processes made large numbers of synaptic contacts with
      ganglion cell dendrites; often there were many such ganglion cell dendrites
      running past each other at various angles within the plane of the cholinergic
      stratum; (2) cholinergic processes were never observed presynaptic to any other
      type of inner plexiform process; (3) the principal input onto cholinergic
      processes was provided by bipolar cell axon terminals; (4) ganglion cell
      dendrites within the cholinergic stratum also received direct bipolar input; and
      (5) unidentified (i.e. non-cholinergic and probably non-GABAergic) amacrine cell
      processes were often found that were presynaptic to these same ganglion cell
      dendrites, and that also formed reciprocal contacts with bipolar axon terminals
      within these synaptic complexes.

PMID- 3690310
TI  - Superior colliculus efferents to five subcortical visual system structures in the
      ground squirrel.
AB  - We compared the laminar location and morphology of superior colliculus cells
      projecting to the dorsal and ventral lateral geniculate nuclei (LGd, LGv), the
      pretectum (PT), the parabigeminal nucleus (Pb), and nucleus lateralis posterior
      (LP) in the ground squirrel Spermophilus tridecemlineatus. Horseradish peroxidase
      was iontophoretically injected into LGd, LGv, PT, Pb and each of the 3
      subdivisions of the LP. After survival periods of 24-72 h the animals were
      perfused intracardially and brain sections processed histochemically. A Zeiss
      ZIDAS image analysis system was used to determine the soma size of labeled
      neurons and to prepare histograms showing the relation between cell size and
      frequency. After injections in the LGd, LGv, Pb and PT, labeled neurons were
      present throughout the stratum griseum superficiale and the upper portion of the
      stratum opticum. They were mainly fusiform neurons whose long axes ranged from 12
      to 44 microns. There were also some multipolar cells 9-22 microns in diameter
      with the highest frequencies found in the 12-14 and 16-17 microns ranges.
      Differences were found in the exact location and/or soma size of the neurons
      projecting to the 4 nuclei. After injections in rostrolateral and caudal LP the
      labeled cells were always large multipolar neurons specifically located in the
      lower half of the stratum griseum superficiale. Their somata measured 9-22
      microns in diameter but the highest frequencies were found in the 16-17 and 19-20
      microns ranges. Our findings suggest that there are different populations of
      superior colliculus cells projecting to different visual system structures.

PMID- 3690311
TI  - Subtle actions of 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (APB) on the Off pathway in the
      mudpuppy retina.
AB  - The principal action of 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (APB) applied to the retina
      is the elimination of the On-bipolar cell light response. In this study, we
      report that APB also has more subtle effects; it sometimes enhances Off responses
      of Off bipolar cells and On, Off, and On-Off inner retina neurons. Possible
      mechanisms for this enhancement are considered.

PMID- 3690312
TI  - Strain-specific effects of inescapable shock on intracranial self-stimulation
      from the nucleus accumbens.
AB  - Responding for electrical stimulation from the nucleus accumbens was assessed in
      3 inbred strains of mice (DBA/2J, C57BL/6J and BALB/cByJ) following exposure to
      uncontrollable footshock. While the operant response was most readily acquired in
      the DBA/2J strain, exposure to inescapable shock in this strain induced a marked
      deterioration of self-stimulation responding, which tended to dissipate over a
      168-h period. In contrast to these mice, the stressor did not affect self
      stimulation responding in the C57BL/6J strain, and produced a transient
      enhancement of responding in BALB/cByJ mice. It appears that although
      uncontrollable aversive events may engender an anhedonic effect, such an outcome
      is strain-dependent. These data suggest the importance of considering individual
      and genetic differences in the development of animal models of depression.

PMID- 3690313
TI  - Contribution of the site of heating to variability in the latency of the rat tail
      flick reflex.
AB  - The rat tail flick reflex is a commonly used assay of thermal nociception.
      Variability in the latency to respond due to the locus of tail heating was
      examined in spinalized (midthoracic) rats and evaluated retrospectively using
      data from two previously published studies. In all 3 sets of data, a significant
      relation was found between the proximal-distal site of heating on the tail and
      the latency of the tail flick reflex. Heating of the most distal sites resulted
      in shortest response latencies.

PMID- 3690314
TI  - In vivo labeling of serotonin-containing neurons by 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine in
      Aplysia.
AB  - Intrahemocoelial administration of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) to Aplysia
      californica induces a transient (less than 4 h) behavioral alteration. About 5
      weeks after 5,7-DHT treatment, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-containing neurons
      develop dark brown pigmentation. These labeled 5-HT neurons have normal
      physiological and pharmacological properties when investigated
      electrophysiologically. This contrasts with the long-term neurotoxic effect of
      5,7-DHT on vertebrate neurons. This technique will greatly facilitate visual
      identification of 5-HT-containing neurons and study of their physiology and
      actions.

PMID- 3690315
TI  - Age-related changes in power spectra of efferent phrenic activity in the piglet.
AB  - Power spectral analysis of phrenic nerve discharge in neonatal swine revealed the
      presence of both high-frequency oscillations (HFO) (95-150 Hz) and medium
      frequency oscillations (MFO) (15-35 Hz). The HFO was shown to be age-related; the
      MFO was not. The data indicated that at least one manifestation of maturation of
      the respiratory rhythm generator is the increase with age of the frequency of the
      HFO.

PMID- 3690316
TI  - Enkephalinergic-cholinergic interaction in the rat globus pallidus: a pre
      embedding double-labeling immunocytochemistry study.
AB  - The synaptic relationships between leucine-enkephalin containing axon terminals
      and cholinergic neurons in the rat globus pallidus were studied at both light and
      electron microscopic levels using a high resolution pre-embedding double-labeling
      immunocytochemical method. Results indicated that leucine-enkephalin terminals
      very rarely form monosynaptic connections with cholinergic neurons in the rat
      globus pallidus, suggesting that enkephalinergic neostriatal efferents probably
      have little monosynaptic influences on the activities of pallidal cholinergic
      neurons.

PMID- 3690317
TI  - Effects of acute and chronic stress on the neural retina of young, mid-age, and
      aged Fischer-344 rats.
AB  - Male Fischer-344 rats at 5 (young), 11 (mid-age) and 18 (aged) months of age were
      exposed either to a single, 1-h period of acute stress, or to daily 4-h periods
      (chronic) of escapable footshock stress for 6 months, and subsequently allowed a
      one month interval without stress. The influence of age and exposure to stress on
      the neural retina was examined by histopathologic and morphometric methods. Age
      changes in the retina of unstressed control animals included reduction in the
      thickness of the outer nuclear layer (ONL; photoreceptor nuclei) and of the
      retina, especially in the peripheral areas. The superior hemisphere was more
      severely affected than the inferior retina. Exposure to acute stress did not
      influence retinal histopathology. However, in mid-age and aged rats exposed to
      chronic stress, the ONL and retinal thicknesses were reduced significantly. Our
      results indicate for the first time that exposure of rats to chronic stress
      produces changes in retinal morphology that are associated commonly with aging,
      such as extensive loss of peripheral photoreceptor cells. In addition, the
      results show that the effects of chronic stress exposure are greatest in aged
      rats. The effect of light exposure on the aging retina was not investigated since
      all rats were exposed to the same total photoperiod.

PMID- 3690318
TI  - Effects of hypothalamic serotonin depletion on lordosis behavior and gonadal
      hormone receptors.
AB  - The effects of chronic depletion of serotonin on feminine sexual behavior
      (lordosis), cytosolic progestin receptors and estradiol nuclear receptors were
      investigated. Intrahypothalamic administration of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7
      DHT) markedly enhanced lordotic responding in estradiol benzoate (EB)-primed, 5,7
      DHT-treated female rats and in EB-progesterone primed, 5,7-DHT-treated male rats.
      Cytosolic progestin receptors were measured in preoptic-hypothalamic nuclei
      related to reproductive function in sham and 5,7-DHT-treated rats after EB
      priming. In both sexes, no differences between sham and 5,7-DHT-treated subjects
      were noted for progestin binding in the medial preoptic nucleus, ventromedial
      nucleus or arcuate-median eminence area. Estrogen-nuclear complexes were measured
      in the same brain nuclei of female rats following EB priming, and no differences
      between sham and 5,7-DHT-treated rats were found. Under the conditions employed,
      it would appear that, despite marked elevations in lordotic responsivity, the
      accumulation of estrogen nuclear receptors and the levels of estrogen inducible
      progestin receptors remain unaltered after chronic depletion of serotonin. Thus,
      serotonergic influences on lordosis do not appear to involve changes in the
      expression of steroid receptor levels in preoptic-hypothalamic nuclei known to
      mediate hormone-dependent neuroendocrine processes.

PMID- 3690319
TI  - Alterations in synaptic structure in the paleostriatal complex of the domestic
      chick, Gallus domesticus, following passive avoidance training.
AB  - A morphometric study was made of synapses in both left and right hemispheres of
      two regions of the chick paleostriatal complex, the paleostriatum augmentatum
      (PA) and the lobus parolfactorius (LPO), 24 h after passive avoidance training
      (methyl anthranilate, M-chicks), and in water-trained controls (W-chicks). The
      synaptic features examined were D, the mean length of the postsynaptic
      thickening; Nv.syn, the numerical density of synapses; Vv.syn, the volume density
      of the presynaptic bouton; V, the mean volume of the presynaptic bouton; Nv.ves,
      the numerical density of synaptic vesicles per bouton volume; ves.syn, the number
      of synaptic vesicles per presynaptic bouton; and K, the curvature of the synaptic
      contact zone. In the LPO there is a significant increase in the numerical density
      of synapses (Nv.syn) in both left and right hemispheres of M-compared with W
      chicks (up to 59%, depending on the method of calculation used). A hemispheric
      asymmetry of postsynaptic thickening length (D) which is present in W-chicks (R
      greater than L by 10%) is reversed in M-chicks. There is no difference in the
      volume density of the presynaptic bouton (Vv.syn) or the mean bouton volume (V)
      either between W- and M-chicks, or between left and right hemispheres.
      Significant changes are found after avoidance training in both of the synaptic
      vesicle parameters measured. There is an increase of approximately 50%, both in
      the numerical density of synaptic vesicles (Nv.ves) and the number of vesicles
      per synaptic bouton (ves.syn), in the left hemisphere of M-chicks. No changes in
      the mean synaptic contact curvature (K) were observed after training, either of
      presynaptically concave, or presynaptically convex synapses, in either left or
      right hemispheres, nor did the percentage distribution of these different
      curvature classes vary greatly. In the PA there were no significant changes in D,
      Nv.syn or Vv.syn, either between M- and W-chicks, or between left and right
      hemispheres, 24 h after passive avoidance training. However, when the differences
      between the mean bouton volume (V) are examined, there is a significant increase
      in size of the boutons in the left hemisphere of M- compared to W-chicks. There
      is also a hemispheric asymmetry in both Nv.ves and ves.syn in W-chicks (R greater
      than L by approximately 15%) and this disappears on M-training. No changes in the
      mean synaptic contact curvature were observed after training, either of
      presynaptically concave, or presynaptically convex synapses, in either left or
      right hemispheres. However, the percentage distribution of these different
      curvature classes showed some variation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3690320
TI  - Odour mixture suppression: evidence for a peripheral mechanism in human and rat.
AB  - Rarely do we encounter a single odorant in our environment. Perception of odours,
      therefore, usually depends on the reception and neural processing of many
      components. However, little is known about how and where odour mixtures are
      processed. Evidence is presented here that suppression of one odour by another, a
      common result of mixing odours, is primarily a peripheral event. Having
      demonstrated with human subjects that perception of one or both odorants in two
      component mixtures is dependent on the polarity and perceived intensity of the
      odorants, the same mixtures were presented to rats that had been injected with a
      metabolic marker, [3H]2-deoxyglucose (2-DG). By measuring the metabolic activity
      in the glomeruli of the rat olfactory bulb, where the axons of the receptor cells
      terminate, it was found that in a mixture where humans had perceived only one
      odour, there is a dramatic reduction in metabolic activity of glomeruli specific
      to the suppressed odour. In mixtures where both odorants were perceived,
      metabolic activity characteristic of both components was observed. These findings
      indicate that similar mechanisms underlie the perception of odour mixtures in the
      two species. Since metabolic activity revealed by 2-DG in glomeruli occurs
      predominantly in presynaptic receptor axons, the reduced activity seen after
      stimulation with odour mixtures indicates that a mechanism for mixture
      suppression begins at the receptor cells. Therefore, the ability of one odorant
      to suppress another in a mixture is probably determined by their relative
      chemical polarities, which effects access to and competition for membrane
      receptor sites in the olfactory epithelium.

PMID- 3690321
TI  - Temporal sequence of motor disturbances and increased cerebellar glutamic acid
      decarboxylase activity following 3-acetylpyridine lesions in adult rats.
AB  - Adult male rats were administered 75 mg/kg of the neurotoxin 3-acetylpyridine to
      produce lesions of the inferior olive-climbing fiber projection to the
      cerebellum. At selected times ranging from 6 h to 43 days postlesion, rats were
      evaluated for motor dysfunction, and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) activity
      was determined in the deep cerebellar nuclei and cerebellar vermis. In the deep
      nuclei non-monotonic changes in GAD activity were found following climbing fiber
      destruction. Initially, there was a steady increase in GAD activity which peaked
      at 38% above control values 14 days postlesion. GAD activity then slowly
      declined, although it remained significantly above control levels at 43 days
      postlesion, the latest time point examined. In the vermis, GAD activity was
      significantly increased at 4 days postlesion (+8%) and remained at approximately
      this level throughout the experiment. The initial behavioral effects of climbing
      fiber loss included hypotonia and ataxia with severely reduced mobility. With
      time, the ataxia and hypotonia decreased and movements such as mud-walking and
      pivoting developed. As these behaviors diminished, other novel conditions such as
      movement-associated tremor and hopping appeared. These results are discussed in
      the context of the previously reported effects of climbing fiber lesions on the
      firing rates of Purkinje cells and deep nuclei cells.

PMID- 3690322
TI  - Pro-convulsant actions of theophylline and caffeine in the hippocampus:
      implications for the management of temporal lobe epilepsy.
AB  - The pro-convulsant actions of theophylline and caffeine have been investigated
      using the hippocampal slice preparation and rats administered kainic acid or
      Metrazol. Both theophylline and caffeine induced the generation of epileptiform
      activity in the CA3 region of the hippocampal slice with convulsive dose50 (CD50)
      values of 3 microM respectively. Kainic acid-induced bursting in hippocampal
      slices was enhanced by theophylline (0.3-30 microM) and caffeine (1-100 microM).
      Theophylline induced burst firing in response to electrical stimulation in
      hippocampal area CA3 but not area CA1. Theophylline (50 mg/kg) strongly
      potentiated the effect of the limbic convulsant kainic acid in vivo whilst a dose
      of 200 mg/kg was necessary to significantly lower the threshold dose of Metrazol
      required to induce generalized convulsions. We conclude that alkylxanthines,
      probably by antagonizing the effect of endogenous adenosine, exert a pro
      convulsant action in the hippocampus which preferentially promotes limbic
      seizures.

PMID- 3690323
TI  - Analgesic effects of serotonin microinjection into nucleus raphe magnus and
      nucleus raphe dorsalis evaluated by the monosodium urate (MSU) tonic pain model
      in the rat.
AB  - The effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) microinjection into the nucleus raphe
      magnus (NRM) and the nucleus raphe dorsalis (NRD) on tonic pain were studied
      using the monosodium urate (MSU) tonic pain model in the rat. For the NRM, 5-HT
      microinjection produced significant analgesic effects, which were antagonized by
      systemic naloxone administration and also by subsequent microinjection of
      naloxone into the NRM. For the NRD, systemic naloxone administration did not
      antagonize these analgesic effects, although 5-HT microinjection produced
      significant analgesic effects. Therefore, as far as tonic pain is concerned, it
      was suggested that neural transmission mediated by 5-HT in the NRM and NRD plays
      an antinociceptive action, but via different neural mechanisms.

PMID- 3690324
TI  - Caffeine inhibits post-tetanic potentiation but does not alter long-term
      potentiation in the rat hippocampal slice.
AB  - The effects of caffeine were investigated on the extracellular excitatory
      postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) recorded in the stratum radiatum of CA1 of the
      rat hippocampal slice in response to stimulation of the Schaffer collaterals.
      Caffeine in concentrations from 500 microM to 10 mM caused an increase in the
      amplitude of the EPSP, which reached a peak after 5-10 min perfusion. This
      increase was antagonized by pretreatment with 20 microM trifluoperazine. Paired
      pulse facilitation, augmentation and potentiation were strongly inhibited by
      caffeine. Augmentation was most sensitive to caffeine, being abolished by 500
      microM caffeine. Long-term potentiation (LTP) induced by high-frequency
      stimulation was not significantly inhibited by caffeine either by 5-10 min or by
      60 min perfusion with 10 mM caffeine. Moreover, the caffeine-induced increase in
      the low-frequency EPSP could be reversed by 30 min washout, demonstrating that it
      was not an LTP type increase.

PMID- 3690325
TI  - Cholecystokinin innervation of rat thalamus, including fibers to
      ventroposterolateral nucleus from dorsal column nuclei.
AB  - The distribution of cholecystokinin octapeptide immunoreactive fibers and puncta
      in the adult rat thalamus was studied using immunocytochemical methods. Small to
      moderate numbers of immunoreactive fibers were present in the lateral habenular
      nucleus, ventral lateral geniculate nucleus, zona incerta, parataenial,
      mediodorsal, medioventral, and submedial nuclei, the rhomboid, paracentral,
      central lateral and parafascicular nuclei, and in the medial geniculate and
      dorsal lateral geniculate nuclei. Moderate to large numbers of cholecystokinin
      (CCK)-positive fibers were present in the paraventricular nuclei, the reticular
      nucleus, the anteroventral, anteromedial, and central medial nuclei, and in the
      rostral extension of the internal medullary lamina between the parataenial and
      anteroventral nuclei. Dense concentrations of immunoreactive fibers were also
      found in a principal sensory relay nucleus, the ventroposterolateral nucleus
      (VPL), of the ventrobasal complex. The number of CCK-positive fibers in VPL
      showed a marked unilateral decrease in rats which had received lesions of the
      contralateral gracile and cuneate nuclei. The results of this study demonstrate
      that CCK-immunoreactive fibers and puncta are widely distributed in the rat
      thalamus, and that the source of these fibers in VPL is probably the dorsal
      column nuclei.

PMID- 3690326
TI  - Effects of calcium ions on glucose utilization in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus
      in vitro.
AB  - The role of calcium ions in maintenance of the circadian rhythm in glucose
      utilization in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus was
      investigated in vitro in a rat hypothalamic slice preparation using the 2
      deoxyglucose (2-DG) method. In normal Krebs solution, 2-DG uptake of adult and
      embryonic day 22 rat SCN was higher in subjective day than in subjective night.
      In calcium-free Krebs solution, however, 2-DG uptake of adult and embryonic SCN
      was low in both subjective day and night periods. These results indicate that the
      SCN rhythm in metabolic activity is dependent on calcium ions in both adult and
      embryonic rats. Since immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analysis of synapse
      formation has shown very few synapses in the SCN of embryonic day 22 rats, it is
      suggested that the development and maintenance of the circadian rhythm in
      metabolism demonstrated by the 2-DG method depends on intracellular calcium
      mediated events rather than synaptic transmission.

PMID- 3690327
TI  - Properties of stereotyped series of postsynaptic potentials in hypoglossal
      motoneurons.
AB  - A stereotyped series of postsynaptic potentials produced in cat hypoglossal
      motoneurons by stimulation of the cerebral cortex, the inferior alveolar nerve or
      the lingual nerve was studied. These include an excitatory postsynaptic
      potentials (EPSP) and subsequently 3 different types of inhibitory postsynaptic
      potentials (IPSPs). The first is a short-lasting IPSP which was blocked by
      strychnine administration. The second is a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) IPSP
      which was blocked by picrotoxin administration. This IPSP was sensitive to
      membrane polarization and dependent on a conductance increase. The third is a
      long-duration hyperpolarizing potential which was enhanced by the injection of
      picrotoxin and insensitive to membrane polarization. Moreover, we have
      demonstrated that the amplitude of cortically induced EPSPs decreased greatly
      with depolarization.

PMID- 3690328
TI  - The effects of intrahypothalamic injections of norepinephrine upon affective
      defense behavior in the cat.
AB  - The effects of norepinephrine microinjected into the anterior hypothalamus were
      examined in feline affective defense behavior elicited by electrical stimulation
      of the region of the ventromedial nucleus. Anterior hypothalamic sites from which
      affective defense behavior could also be elicited by electrical stimulation and
      which are known to receive inputs from both the ventromedial nucleus and
      brainstem noradrenergic neurons were selected for pharmacological analysis.
      Intracerebral injections of 250 ng (1 nM) and 500 ng (2 nM) quantities of
      norepinephrine placed into the anterior hypothalamus resulted in a significant
      lowering of the attack thresholds. These reductions in response thresholds which
      were reversed by either pre- or post-treatment with yohimbine, indicate that the
      noradrenergic system may play an important role in the regulation of affective
      defense behavior.

PMID- 3690329
TI  - Autoradiographic analysis of effects of 5-bromodeoxyuridine on neurogenesis in
      the chick embryo spinal cord.
AB  - Bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) can reversibly inhibit the terminal differentiation of
      embryonic cell types when they are grown in culture. The goal of these
      experiments was to see if BUdR could interfere with the terminal differentiation
      of neurones in the intact chick embryo, a possibility disputed in different
      reports. Therefore, 0.02 mg BUdR plus 15 microCi [3H]BUdR was injected into the
      albumen of incubating eggs at stage 14-16 of development. Controls received an
      equimolar amount of [3H]thymidine ([3H]TdR). The doses and mode of administration
      are known to result in availability times for the nucleosides that are longer
      than one cell generation cycle and therefore similar to the pharmacokinetic
      conditions possible in vitro. The time of treatment is known to correspond to the
      period of most rapid neurone production in the chick spinal cord. By
      autoradiography of semi-thin sections the fates of the cells that had
      incorporated the nucleosides could be followed. BUdR was taken up by the S phase
      population of the spinal cord neuroepithelium (NE). In the first 10 h after
      treatment the BUdR treated NE behaved the same as the control. From then until 24
      h after treatment, NE cells underwent necrosis as a result of BUdR and neurone
      production was almost completely suppressed. Between 24 and 48 h after treatment
      the BUdR-treated NE produced neurones at a faster rate than the TdR-treated
      controls. However, this effort at compensation was not entirely effective and by
      6 days after treatment the BUdR-treated embryos had an absolute reduction in
      motor neurone number. Motor neurones with BUdR incorporated in their DNA that
      survived until after neurogenesis was completed were strikingly more lightly
      labelled than those in controls treated with [3H]TdR. This suggests that the
      survivors had incorporated less BUdR than those that had died. It was concluded
      that the neuronal deficit resulting from BUdR treatment was not the result of an
      inhibition of terminal differentiation, but rather of cytotoxicity.

PMID- 3690330
TI  - In situ appearance of the cold-stable microtubules in the growing axons of the
      tectal plate of mouse investigated immunocytochemically after polyethyleneglycol
      (PEG) embedding.
AB  - Tubulin immunostaining of semi-thin sections after polyethylene glycol embedding
      was used in the tectal plate of the embryonic mouse at 10 days postmating to
      analyze the effects of cold treatment on the microtubules of the different cell
      types seen at this stage. Three sets of microtubules are observed. In the
      radially oriented bipolar columnar cells, dense bundles of microtubules are
      present in the ventricular processes between the cell nucleus and the ventricular
      surface. In the mitotic cells, located just at the surface of the ventricle,
      microtubules are among condensed chromosomal figures. In the apical region, the
      intermediate zone, tangentially oriented axonal profiles contain dense bundles of
      microtubules among tangentially oriented young neurons. Cold treatment does not
      modify the organization of the cells. However, it depolymerizes whole cytoplasmic
      and mitotic microtubules of the bipolar cells and a large number of microtubules
      in the growing axons. In the axonal profiles, the cold-stable fraction of
      microtubules displays the appearance of short fragments. Some of these are
      regularly organized, suggesting that they could be the remnants of the same
      individual microtubule. These fragments are approximately 1 micron long and seem
      to represent nearly 10% of the total microtubules in the axons. These cold-stable
      fragments might fulfill a function in the axon analogous to the microtubule
      organizing centers in the perikaryon and their presence can explain some
      properties of the growing axons suggested by previous studies on the guidance of
      neurites and growth cones as well as on the growth of isolated axons.

PMID- 3690331
TI  - Loss of sense of smell in adult, hypothyroid mice.
AB  - Adult hypothyroid humans can lose their sense of smell. The present study was
      designed to investigate whether anosmia follows hypothyroidism in mice. If so,
      this would provide an animal model in which to study the mechanism for this
      effect. Adult mice were made hypothyroid with propylthiouracil (PTU) in their
      drinking water. Their sense of smell was tested before and after treatment by
      measuring the amount of time they spent sniffing food vs water odours, after a 24
      h fast. Thyroid function was assessed histologically or by radioimmunoassay of
      blood serum for free thyroxine or free triiodothyronine. In Expt. 1 mice treated
      for 50 days with PTU were hypothyroid and anosmic. Control, euthyroid mice
      maintained their sense of smell, as did PTU-treated mice which also received
      daily thyroxine injections. PTU-induced anosmia was reversible: 50 days after
      removal of treatment previously anosmic mice were euthyroid and had regained
      their sense of smell (Expt. 3). It was possible that hypothyroidism induced non
      specific effects which indirectly affected the olfactory function tests. However,
      short-term treatment with PTU caused severe hypothyroidism but no anosmia (Expt.
      2). Additionally, non-specific effects of hypothyroidism were examined in open
      field activity tests after short- and long-term hypothyroidism: euthyroid and
      hypothyroid animals were similarly active (Expts. 1 and 2). We conclude that
      chronic hypothyroidism produces anosmia in mice, as it does in humans. This
      anosmia is prevented by daily injections of thyroxine, and the sense of smell can
      recover to normal once thyroid function is restored.

PMID- 3690332
TI  - Hypothyroidism disrupts neural development in the olfactory epithelium of adult
      mice.
AB  - Adult mice made hypothyroid with propylthiouracil (PTU) lose their sense of
      smell. This is prevented by daily administration of thyroxine. As thyroxine is
      necessary for the correct development of the nervous system it may also be
      necessary for the genesis of new olfactory receptor neurones, a process that
      continues into adulthood. Adult mice were treated with PTU, injected with
      [3H]thymidine after 54 days and killed 5 or 15 days later. Microscopic analysis
      of the olfactory epithelium after autoradiography revealed similar numbers of
      labelled nuclei in the basal cell layer of the olfactory epithelia of Control and
      Hypothyroid mice 5 days after injection with [3H]thymidine. This indicated
      similar rates of basal cell division in the two groups. Fifteen days after
      [3H]thymidine injection, however, there were fewer labelled nuclei in the
      receptor cell layer of Hypothyroid mice and the olfactory epithelium was thinner
      than in Controls. Thyroxine therapy which reversed PTU-induced anosmia also
      reversed the epithelial effects of PTU treatment. Somewhat unexpectedly, there
      were no differences between the treatment groups in the average diameter of
      glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, and no differences in the expression of
      olfactory marker protein. The results indicate that although hypothyroidism
      disrupts neural development in the olfactory epithelium, it does not lead to a
      complete loss of mature receptor neurones.

PMID- 3690333
TI  - Effects of early chronic phenobarbital treatment on the maturation of energy
      metabolism in the developing rat brain. I. Incorporation of glucose carbon into
      amino acids.
AB  - The influence of phenobarbital (PhB) on the utilization of glucose by the
      cerebral cortex and the cerebellum was studied in rats during postnatal
      development. The animals were treated from day 2 to day 35 after birth by a daily
      injection of 50 mg/kg PhB or by saline. The rats were studied at 5 postnatal
      stages: 7, 10, 14, 21 and 35 days. PhB treatment induced a 10% decrease in body
      and brain weight over the whole period studied and a transient significant
      decrease in circulating thyroxin levels at 14 days after birth. Amino acid levels
      in the cerebral cortex and particularly in the cerebellum were not greatly
      affected by the pharmacological treatment. The conversion of [2-14C]glucose into
      amino acids was significantly decreased in both cerebral structures between day 7
      and day 14 after birth. The distribution of radioactivity between amino acids was
      not affected in the cerebral cortex but was significantly changed by PhB
      treatment in the cerebellum. Specific radioactivity values of amino acids were
      lower in PhB- than in saline-treated animals in both studied structures. The
      results of the present study show that glucose utilization is reduced in the
      brain of PhB-treated animals as compared to the controls and that the cerebellum
      seems to be more affected than the cerebral cortex.

PMID- 3690334
TI  - Effects of early chronic phenobarbital treatment on the maturation of energy
      metabolism in the developing rat brain. II. Incorporation of beta-hydroxybutyrate
      into amino acids.
AB  - The influence of phenobarbital (PhB) on the utilization of beta-hydroxybutyrate
      by the cerebral cortex and the cerebellum was studied in rats during postnatal
      maturation. The animals were treated from day 2 to day 35 after birth either by a
      daily injection of 50 mg/kg PhB or by saline. The rats were studied at 5
      postnatal stages: 7, 10, 14, 21 and 35 days. Plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate and
      acetoacetate levels reached their peak values between 10 and 14 days after birth.
      The concentration of both ketone bodies was significantly higher in PhB- than in
      saline-treated rats between 10 and 35 days after birth. The total incorporation
      of [3-14C]beta-hydroxybutyrate into amino acids reached a peak value at 14 days
      after birth and was down to very low values at 35 days. It was higher in PhB-
      than in saline-treated rats. The specific radioactivity values of glutamate,
      glutamine, aspartate and GABA were significantly higher in PhB- than in saline
      treated especially at 10 days after birth. These results demonstrate that a PhB
      treatment induces an increase in brain ketone body utilization in neonate rats,
      which is likely to balance the decrease in brain glucose utilization induced by
      this pharmacological treatment.

PMID- 3690335
TI  - Development of cholinergic neurons in the septal/diagonal band complex of the
      rat.
AB  - In the present study we employed immunohistochemical techniques using a
      polyclonal antibody against choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) to determine the
      distribution and cytological features of cholinergic neurons in the developing
      septal/diagonal band complex of the rat. ChAT-positive perikarya were first
      clearly detected in this region on embryonic day 17, although the neurons were
      faintly labeled and lacked the cytological details found in the adult. After
      birth we observed a dramatic increase in the intensity of the immunolabeling
      which continued until postnatal day 23. Thereafter, the ChAT-positive neurons
      assumed their adult-like characteristics.

PMID- 3690336
TI  - Optimum conditions for successful transplantation of immature rat retina to the
      lesioned adult retina.
AB  - We have previously reported the successful transplantation of neonatal rat retina
      to the lesioned retinas of adult host rats. The current studies provide a much
      more in-depth evaluation of the optimal conditions under which successful
      grafting can be achieved. Utilizing the same surgical approach and techniques as
      in our earlier studies, the variables of host lesion conditioning and donor age
      were investigated. The grafts were evaluated for survival, location, and degree
      of achievement of selected histological characteristics. The latter category was
      organized into an evaluation index (E.I.) which provided a consistent system of
      scoring for purposes of inter-group comparisons. In order to study the effects of
      lesion conditioning, neonatal grafts were delivered into fresh (0), 1, 2, 4, and
      8 week conditioned lesions. Excellent survival and placement were observed at all
      conditioning times examined. Even the E.I. failed to reveal any statistically
      significant differences among the lesion conditioning groups. However, there was
      the suggestion of reduced scarring in the older, more stable lesion groups. The
      second portion of the study, dealing with donor age, involved the transplantation
      of E14, E16, E20, PN1, and PN10 retina into freshly lesioned sites in the host
      retina. Again the result was excellent overall graft survival and placement in
      all groups. The E.I. score, however, revealed highly significant differences
      between PN10 grafts and those from all other groups tested. These differences
      were revealed for all histological criteria with the exception of non-neuronal
      barrier formation. These studies show the utility of the current model for the
      repair of retinal lesions over an extended post-traumatic period as well as
      revealing the wide developmental window for harvesting retinal tissue for the
      purpose of intravitreal transplantation.

PMID- 3690337
TI  - Rapid kindling in the prepubescent rat.
AB  - Bipolar electrodes, stereotaxically implanted in the hippocampus and amygdala of
      prepubescent rats, were used to deliver 1- or 10-s trains of suprathreshold
      bipolar stimulations at frequencies of 10 or 60 Hz. The stimuli were administered
      every 5 min. Rapid kindling was achieved with 10-s but not 1-s stimulation with
      both 10- and 60-Hz frequencies. Ten-s stimulations with a 60-Hz frequency
      resulted in more rapid kindling than 10-s stimulations with a 10-Hz frequency.
      The rate of kindling was similar in the hippocampus and amygdala. In the immature
      animal rapid kindling can be achieved with electrical stimulations with long
      duration and short interstimulus intervals.

PMID- 3690338
TI  - Age-dependent activation of glucocorticoid receptors in the cerebral hemispheres
      of male rats.
AB  - The binding of [3H]dexamethasone-receptor complexes to purified nuclei was
      studied in the cerebral hemispheres of immature (3-week-old) and mature (26-week
      old) Long-Evans male rats to determine the age-related changes, if any, in the
      physicochemical properties of glucocorticoid receptors. Our data show that heat
      activation (for 45 min at 25 degrees C) significantly enhances the nuclear
      binding of [3H]dexamethasone-receptor complexes in rats of both ages, with a
      greater magnitude in immature rats. Ca2+ activation (20 mM Ca2+ for 45 min at 0
      degree C) also enhances the nuclear binding of bound receptor complexes but to a
      similar extent at both ages. These findings indicate that some of the
      physicochemical properties (e.g. heat activation) of glucocorticoid receptor
      change, while others (e.g. Ca2+ activation) remain unchanged at different phases
      of the lifespan.

PMID- 3690339
TI  - The development and distribution of alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites in rat
      tectal transplants.
AB  - The development and distribution of alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BTX) binding sites
      in tectal grafts was examined autoradiographically using the radioligand [125I]
      alpha-BTX. High alpha-BTX binding was observed in localized areas within grafts;
      these areas corresponded to regions which contained high acetylcholinesterase
      activity and received retinal input. Receptor differentiation also occurred in
      the absence of specific host afferents. The graft data show that, as in normal
      superior colliculus, development of high alpha-BTX binding is limited to areas
      containing presumptive superficial layer cells.

PMID- 3690340
TI  - Extracellular K+ and Ca2+ changes during epileptiform discharges in the immature
      rat neocortex.
AB  - Picrotoxin-induced epileptiform activity was examined in neocortical slices
      prepared from 8- to 15-day-old rats. This activity consisted of spontaneous
      bursts of 3-5 discharges that resembled interictal spikes and were interspersed
      with ictal-like paroxysms lasting 10-30 s. Measurements of extracellular
      potassium ([K+]o) and calcium ([Ca2+]o) were made during these spontaneous
      epileptiform events, using ion-sensitive electrodes. Individual interictal spikes
      were associated with [Ca2+]o decreases of 0.1-0.2 mM, whereas sustained ictal
      like discharges were accompanied by decreases of 0.3-0.4 mM. Measurement of [K+]o
      showed that individual interictal spikes were associated with increases in [K+]o
      up to 12 mM, whereas increases to more than 20 mM accompanied long-lasting ictal
      like discharges. Maximum increases in [K+]o were observed ca. 600 microns below
      the pial surface. [K+]o increases were followed by undershoots of the resting
      [K+]o level. The unusually high [K+]o levels associated with epileptiform
      discharges in the immature neocortex suggest that disturbances in [K+]o
      regulation may contribute to the generation of the picrotoxin-induced,
      spontaneous, prolonged ictal-like discharges observed in the 8- to 15-day age
      group.

PMID- 3690341
TI  - Early postnatal development of the rat accessory olfactory bulb.
AB  - A volumetric study of the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) in rats aged from birth
      (P0) to postnatal day 60 (P60) was conducted. AOB volume increased 600% from P0
      to P18 and then declined, so that by P60, it was 66% of its maximum value. The
      growth of individual laminae paralleled overall AOB development, except for the
      internal plexiform layer, which continued to grow. The number of output neurons
      in the mitral cell layer declined after P18, while the total number of granule
      cells in the internal granular layer rose 300% from P0 to P18, but then did not
      change significantly through P60.

PMID- 3690343
TI  - Neurogenetic gradients in the hamster visual pathway.
AB  - The dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, suprachiasmatic nucleus and superior
      colliculus of the hamster were examined autoradiographically after administration
      of [3H]thymidine for the presence of spatiotemporal gradients of neuron
      production and for the relationship between neuron cell body size and birthdate.
      The dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus had a dorsolateral-to-ventromedial
      (superficial-to-deep) gradient of neuron production, the suprachiasmatic nucleus
      had a caudoventral to rostrodorsal gradient, and the superior colliculus had a
      complex laminar gradient. In the lateral geniculate nucleus and in the superior
      colliculus, labeled neurons were typically larger than unlabeled neurons at early
      stages and unlabeled neurons were typically larger than labeled neurons at late
      stages; however, variation in neuron size does not account for the neurogenetic
      gradients in hamsters.

PMID- 3690342
TI  - Sensitive period for neural and behavioral response development to learned odors.
AB  - Olfactory preference training early in life produces both a behavioral preference
      and an enhanced uptake of 2-deoxy-[14C]glucose (2-DG) in specific areas of the
      olfactory bulb glomerular layer. We now describe a sensitive period during the
      first week after birth for the development both of the enhanced neural response
      and the behavioral preference.

PMID- 3690344
TI  - Lateralized functional relationship between the preoptic area and lateral
      hypothalamic reinforcement.
AB  - Electrical self-stimulation in the lateral hypothalamus of both hemispheres was
      recorded in 14 rats before and after administration of a unilateral ibotenic acid
      lesion of the cell bodies in the region of the lateral preoptic area. A
      significant decrease in the rate of self-stimulation at each of two stimulation
      intensities was found when the electrode was placed in the hemisphere in which
      the ibotenic acid lesion was made. This decrease remained constant over 21 days
      of testing. No changes were detected in rate of self-stimulation in the intact
      contralateral hemisphere. These results provide evidence for a role in lateral
      hypothalamic self-stimulation of intrinsic neurons located in the region of the
      lateral preoptic area.

PMID- 3690345
TI  - Long descending direct projection from the basal ganglia to the spinal cord: a
      revival of the extrapyramidal concept.
AB  - Our retrograde fluorescent labeling study shows that a distinct cell group of the
      subthalamic nucleus, posited in the basal ganglia, directly sends long descending
      axons contralaterally to the upper cervical segments (C1-C5) of the spinal cord
      in the rat. A large population (60-70%) of these subthalamic cells projecting to
      contralateral spinal levels give off axonal branches innervating the ipsilateral
      globus pallidus. Now, the classical concept of the 'extrapyramidal' motor system
      needs to be reconsidered. Furthermore, our results may provide a morphological
      substrate for the onset of a violent form of dyskinesia, 'hemiballism', which
      occurs in the contralateral limbs both clinically and experimentally following
      discrete lesions in the subthalamic nucleus or its fiber connections with the
      globus pallidus.

PMID- 3690346
TI  - The physiological identification of pyramidal tract neurons within transplants in
      the rostral cortex taken from the occipital cortex during development.
AB  - Axons from neurons in the occipital cortex transiently extend to the pyramidal
      tract (PT) during the early postnatal development of rats. Normally, these axons
      are eliminated by the end of the third postnatal week. However, if a portion of
      fetal occipital cortex is transplanted to the parietofrontal region in newborn
      hosts then some neurons in the transplant will extend pyramidal tract axons and
      maintain them. Intracortical microstimulation and electrophysiological recording
      techniques were used to identify the physiological characteristics of the
      transplanted pyramidal tract cells and to determine if motor effects could be
      elicited from the occipital transplant. Microstimulation of the transplant did
      not reliably evoke movement but the low density and disarray of PT cells within
      the transplant might account for this. Recording from within the transplant
      revealed that the overall cell activity was depressed. We were able to identify
      neurons within the transplant which responded antidromically to stimulation of
      the pyramidal tract, indicating that their axons have the capacity to conduct
      impulses and are therefore likely to have developed some viable connections. The
      functional significance of such projections remains uncertain.

PMID- 3690347
TI  - Nuclear origin of the centrifugal visual pathway in birds of prey.
AB  - The isthmo-optic nucleus (NIO) at the origin of the retinopetal pathway was
      examined in 12 birds of prey (strigiforms and falconiforms) using
      cytoarchitectonic methods and after the intraocular injection of the regrograde
      tracers Rhodamine beta-isothiocyanate and Fast blue. The NIO was found to be
      poorly differentiated and reticular in appearance and depending on the species
      contained between 900 and 1400 neurons. These values are approximately 10 times
      less than those recorded in the pigeon and chicken. As in the latter species, the
      experimental data obtained in the strigiform Tyto alba showed the presence of
      retinopetal ectopic neurons bilaterally. However the ipsilateral contingent was
      proportionally larger in the nocturnal raptor. The functional significance of the
      poorly developed centrifugal visual system in birds of prey is discussed.

PMID- 3690348
TI  - Electrical stimulation of the arcuate nucleus increases the metabolism of
      dopamine in terminals of tuberoinfundibular neurons in the median eminence.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of procedures that
      alter impulse flow in tuberoinfundibular dopamine (DA) neurons on the metabolism
      of DA in the median eminence and on the secretion of prolactin from the anterior
      pituitary. Twenty min following the administration of gamma-butyrolactone (GBL,
      1000 mg/kg, i.p.) there was a marked decrease in 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid
      (DOPAC) concentrations in the median eminence and an increase in prolactin
      concentrations in the serum, indicating that a decrease in activity of
      tuberoinfundibular DA neurons is accompanied by a decrease in DA metabolism in
      the median eminence and a loss of tonic inhibition of pituitary prolactin
      secretion. Activation of tuberoinfundibular DA neurons by bilateral stimulation
      of the arcuate nucleus in GBL-treated rats produced a rapid increase in median
      eminence DOPAC concentrations and a time-dependent decrease in serum prolactin
      concentrations. Nomifensine (25 mg/kg, i.p., 30 min), a DA uptake inhibitor, had
      no effect on median eminence DOPAC concentrations in sham- or arcuate nucleus
      stimulated rats, indicating that regardless of the level of activity of
      tuberoinfundibular neurons, very little DA is recaptured and metabolized in
      terminals of these neurons in the median eminence. Taken together these results
      reveal that alterations in impulse flow in tuberoinfundibular DA neurons are
      accompanied by corresponding changes in the metabolism of DA in the median
      eminence.

PMID- 3690349
TI  - Piezoelectric guidance channels enhance regeneration in the mouse sciatic nerve
      after axotomy.
AB  - Piezoelectric nerve guidance channels made of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) were
      evaluated in a transected mouse sciatic nerve model. Poled PVDF channels were
      compared to unpoled PVDF channels after 4 and 12 weeks of implantation. In all
      animals, the proximal and distal nerve stumps were bridged by a continuous nerve
      cable. Nerves regenerated in poled channels contained a higher number of
      myelinated axons than those regenerated in unpoled channels at both time periods.
      We conclude that piezoelectric nerve guidance channels enhance peripheral nerve
      regeneration and provide a tool to investigate the influence of electrical
      activity on nerve regeneration.

PMID- 3690350
TI  - Synaptic plasticity to estrogen in the lateral septum of the adult male and
      female rats.
AB  - There is no sex difference in the number of axodendritic synapses in the lateral
      septum of adult rats. However, the treatment of adult females with estradiol (E2)
      for 4 weeks increases significantly the number of synapses, whereas E2 treatment
      fails to increase the synaptic number in males, suggesting a possible sexually
      dimorphic synaptic response to estrogen.

PMID- 3690351
TI  - Mitochondrial function in brain tissue in primary degenerative dementia.
AB  - Previous in vitro and in vivo studies of the brain in Alzheimer's disease
      indicated alterations in metabolism related to energy production although the
      relationships between these changes remains obscure. To help resolve this issue,
      in vitro oxygen uptake by homogenates of fresh samples of frontal neocortex from
      patients with dementia and neurosurgical controls has been examined as a measure
      of energy-related metabolism and mitochondrial function. Maximal respiratory
      rates (measured in the presence of an uncoupling agent) were similar for samples
      from 7 controls, 5 patients with Alzheimer's disease and two patients diagnosed
      clinically as Pick's disease, suggesting that there was little or no effect of
      these dementias on the maximal metabolic capacity of the tissue. However, under
      some conditions producing sub-maximal metabolic activity (which are of
      potentially greater physiological relevance) oxygen uptake rates were
      significantly elevated in the dementia group. The ratio of oxygen uptake rates in
      the presence and absence of ADP was significantly reduced (to 58% of control; P
      less than 0.02) for the dementia patients compared with controls, possibly
      indicative of partial mitochondrial uncoupling. These results indicate metabolic
      changes expressed in vitro which may be relevant to the pathogenesis of
      Alzheimer's disease and some related dementias.

PMID- 3690352
TI  - Heterogeneity of microtubule-associated protein (MAP2) in vertebrate brains.
AB  - We have utilized monoclonal antibodies to investigate the antigenic diversity of
      MAP2-immunoreactive proteins in the nervous system of vertebrates. We found that
      domains defined by the monoclonal antibodies differed in their conservation
      across vertebrate evolution, ranging from wide cross-reactivity with almost all
      vertebrates (mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians) to a very limited cross
      reactivity with only few mammalian species. However, we did not find MAP2
      immunoreactive proteins in fish species with either of the monoclonal or
      polyclonal antibodies. There was also a significant divergence in the apparent
      molecular weight of MAP2, even in closely related species. For example, different
      species of wild mice and strains of laboratory mice showed variations of up to 30
      kDa in their apparent molecular mass. Using alkaline phosphatase, under
      conditions that dephosphorylate neurofilaments, we showed that the observed
      heterogeneity was not the result of variations in the phosphate content. The
      heterogeneity in molecular weight of MAP2 may, therefore, be the result of
      changes in primary structure, transcriptional variations or different post
      translational modifications. The heterogeneity of MAP2, as well as its specific
      distribution and implicated interactions with other molecules, underscore the
      complexity of MAP2 and its potential for structural and functional diversity. The
      phylogenic analysis of such a complex molecule also provides a method to
      establish the uniqueness of monoclonal antibodies and the degree of their
      conservation for their corresponding epitopes.

PMID- 3690353
TI  - Endogenous aldosterone and corticosterone in brain cell nuclei of adrenal-intact
      rats: regional distribution and effects of physiological variations in serum
      steroids.
AB  - In vivo brain uptake of labeled aldosterone (ALD) and corticosterone (CORT) in
      adrenalectomized (ADX) rats indicates a strong cell-nuclear localization of both
      hormones, predominantly in the hippocampus. The primarily limbic concentration of
      these hormones is also supported by in vitro assays of ALD and CORT binding in
      cytosol from ADX rats. However, assays of binding in tissues from ADX rats often
      fail to account for the normal competition of assorted corticosteroids for
      binding sites in the adrenal-intact subject. Because the binding affinity of
      corticoid receptors for CORT is greater than, or equivalent to that for ALD, and
      plasma concentrations of CORT exceed ALD levels, it is possible that ALD is not
      actually concentrated by brain cell-nuclei in the normal, adrenal-intact subject.
      Moreover, description of the brain's in vivo regional uptake of ALD or CORT in
      ADX rats may reflect labeling of heterogeneous binding sites by the single
      corticosteroid ligand ([3H]ALD or [3H]CORT) under investigation. Research using
      subcellular fractionation and radioimmunoassay (RIA) has demonstrated the
      presence of endogenously secreted CORT in brain cell nuclei of adrenal-intact
      rats, and confirmed the principally limbic localization of endogenous CORT in the
      brain. In the present study, subcellular fractionation and RIA were employed to
      determine whether endogenously secreted ALD is concentrated by cell nuclei of the
      brain in adrenal-intact rats, and to assess the regional variation in the brain's
      cell-nuclear uptake of endogenously secreted ALD. Cell-nuclear CORT levels were
      also measured in this experiment to assess the possible competition between ALD
      and CORT for brain cell-nuclear uptake. Circadian rhythms, stress and dietary
      sodium were utilized in this study to induce physiological variations in serum
      ALD and CORT. Endogenous ALD was found in the nuclear fraction of all brain
      tissues tested, indicating that ALD is bound and translocated to brain cell
      nuclei in the presence of normal corticosteroid competition. However, brain cell
      nuclear ALD appeared not to vary as a function of physiological variation in
      serum ALD, suggesting that the receptor population was saturated under most
      normal circumstances. Unexpectedly, the highest cell-nuclear concentrations of
      endogenous ALD were found in the hypothalamus, rather than hippocampus. This
      finding suggests that the predominantly hippocampal localization of ALD observed
      in previous in vivo autoradiographic studies may have provided an inaccurate
      profile of the loci of ALD action in brain by failing to control for competitive
      binding by other corticosteroids in the adrenal-intact preparation.

PMID- 3690354
TI  - Muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic binding sites in Alzheimer's disease
      cerebral cortex.
AB  - The total population of muscarinic receptors and a subpopulation of muscarinic
      receptors with high affinity for agonists were measured with [3H]quinuclidinyl
      benzilate and [3H]acetylcholine, respectively, in homogenates of cerebral cortex
      from control and Alzheimer's disease brains. No significant differences between
      control and Alzheimer's diseased cortex were found in either the total population
      of receptors or the subpopulation with high affinity for agonists in either the
      frontal or temporal poles. Nicotinic cholinergic receptors labeled by
      [3H]acetylcholine were measured in homogenates and by autoradiography in the same
      brain areas. In contrast to muscarinic sites, binding to nicotinic sites was
      markedly decreased in Alzheimer's disease cortex. Autoradiography of
      [3H]acetylcholine binding to nicotinic sites indicated that in control cortex
      these sites are more concentrated in laminae IV-VI than in the superficial
      laminae, and that in Alzheimer's disease there is loss of these sites in all
      cortical laminae.

PMID- 3690355
TI  - Asymmetry in the hippocampal region specific for one of two closely related
      species of wild mice.
AB  - The volumes of the components of the left and right hippocampal regions were
      compared in male, adult specimens of the two closely related species of wild
      mice, Apodemus flavicollis (yellow-necked wood mice) and Apodemus sylvaticus
      (long-tailed wood mice). In one of the species, Apodemus flavicollis, the
      component containing the deep layers of the subiculum was found to be
      significantly larger in the hippocampal region of the left side than it was in
      that of the right side. No other significant asymmetries were found in the
      hippocampal components of the two species. These findings indicate that
      significant asymmetries in localized brain regions can arise during a single
      speciation event.

PMID- 3690356
TI  - Organization of the nigrotectospinal pathway in the cat: a light and electron
      microscopic study.
AB  - The relationships between nigrotectal terminals and tectospinal neurons in the
      deep layers of the superior colliculus have been examined light and electron
      microscopically by using antero- and retrograde transport of tracer, and
      anterograde degeneration. For light microscopy, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was
      injected into the cervical spinal cord, and HRP conjugated to wheat germ
      agglutinin (WGA-HRP) into the substantia nigra at the same time. It appeared that
      about 22% of the retrogradely labeled tectospinal neurons were totally or
      partially in the anterogradely labeled nigral terminal clusters. This coexistence
      was particularly manifest in the dorso-lateral part of the intermediate gray
      layer. For electron microscopy, nigral lesions and HRP injections into the
      cervical spinal cord were combined in the same animals. Degenerating nigrotectal
      terminals were found in both axosomatic and axodendritic symmetrical synaptic
      contacts with retrogradely labeled tectospinal neurons in the intermediate gray
      layer. Present experiments show tectospinal neurons receiving monosynaptic input
      from the substantia nigra do exist in the intermediate gray layer of the superior
      colliculus, especially in its dorsolateral portion.

PMID- 3690357
TI  - Effects of cold stress on brain regional calcium content in rats and mice.
AB  - The calcium levels of striatum, cerebellum, cortex, medulla and diencephalon from
      rat brain were significantly reduced after 30 minutes of cold exposure at 8
      degrees C even though body temperatures were no different from pre-cold exposure
      values. Calcium content remained significantly depressed in striatum, cerebellum
      and diencephalon after 2 hours of cold exposure, at which time body temperatures
      were significantly depressed. A similar effect of short-term cold stress on
      calcium content in these brain regions from mice was observed. These results are
      consistent with a role of calcium in the maintenance of temperature and in
      adaptive responses to cold environments.

PMID- 3690358
TI  - Attachments of human intrafusal fibers.
AB  - The human intrafusal fibers have two major types of attachments: (1)
      extracapsular, involving the bag and long chain fibers which tapered into the
      extrafusal endomysium; and (2) intracapsular, involving only the short chain
      fibers which attached to the outer or inner capsule as well as to the bag, and
      other chain fibers. At all the attachment sites except the interfiber
      attachments, the intrafusal fibers showed alterations in the basement and plasma
      membrane, streaming of the Z band, and rod bodies. This profile was similar to
      the myotendinous junctions. The terminal sarcomere segment consisted of the actin
      filaments, thickening of the plasma membrane, and folded basal lamina. The
      interfiber attachments were of two types--the gap and tight junctions. There were
      thus two major functional types of attachment, the myotendinous type contacts
      which were mechanical and the interfiber attachments which represent electrical
      continuity between the two chain fibers.

PMID- 3690359
TI  - Internalization of (125I) alpha-bungarotoxin into rat suprachiasmatic nucleus
      neurons and dendrites.
AB  - The distribution and rate of internalization of (125I) alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha
      BuTX) was evaluated by quantitative electron microscopic autoradiography in rat
      suprachiasmatic nucleus. The ultrastructural distribution of silver grains was
      studied by both line source and 50% probability circle analyses. Line source
      analysis demonstrated that with increasing time following intracerebroventricular
      infusion, ligand is internalized from neuronal membranes. At all time points,
      real grain distribution was significantly different from randomly generated
      hypothetical grains. Quantification of silver grain localization by probability
      circle analysis indicated that membrane bound sources were mainly associated with
      axo-dendritic appositions, regardless of the length of time the tissue was
      exposed to radioligand. The compartment containing synaptic terminals was the
      most enriched when comparing real to hypothetical grains. By eight hours after
      intracerebroventricular infusion of specifically labelled alpha-BuTX binding
      sites were most likely to be within neurons and dendrites. These studies
      demonstrate that the majority of alpha-BuTX binding sites remain membrane bound
      with respect to time and may be associated with synaptic transmission; a
      significant proportion of silver grains are internalized within SCN neurons and
      dendrites.

PMID- 3690360
TI  - 3H-2-deoxyglucose uptake after electrical stimulation of cardioactive sites in
      insular cortex and mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus in rabbits.
AB  - The uptake of 3H-2-deoxyglucose (3H-2-DG) in selected brain structures was
      determined subsequent to electrical stimulation of insular cortex (Ins) and the
      mediodorsal (MD) nucleus of the thalamus in rabbits. Stimulation of Ins elicited
      parasympathetic-like responding (i.e., bradycardia and depressor responses);
      whereas MD stimulation produced sympathetic-like responses (bradycardia and
      pressor responses). Stimulation of Ins also resulted in increased 3H-2-DG
      activity in ipsilateral MD and the ventromedial/ventroposterior complex as well
      as the contralateral Ins compared to nonstimulated control subjects. The central
      nucleus of the amygdala also showed increased activity after Ins stimulation. In
      2 animals stimulation of Ins resulted in increased 3H-2-DG activity in the
      caudate/putamen complex. Stimulation of MD resulted in ipsilateral increases in
      3H-2-DG activity in the midline, agranular prefrontal cortex, as well as the
      ipsilateral Ins, and the caudate nucleus and putamen/globus pallidus complex. Two
      animals also showed increases in 3H-2-DG activity in ipsilateral substantia
      nigra. However, no increased activity was observed in the lateral hypothalamus,
      the parabrachial nuclei, the nucleus tractus solitarius, or the dorsal motor
      nucleus of the vagus, although it has been shown that efferents from Ins reach
      these areas. A more significant finding however, was that the reciprocal
      connections of MD and Ins appear to be activated by stimulation of either
      structure, even though their relationship to autonomic function appears to be
      quite different.

PMID- 3690361
TI  - Low-threshold calcium spikes in hypothalamic neurons recorded near the
      paraventricular nucleus in vitro.
AB  - From guinea-pig hypothalamic slices, intracellular studies demonstrate the
      existence of neurons responding to depolarizing current pulses by bursts of fast
      spikes riding on slow depolarizing potentials, when activated at the resting
      potential or from hyperpolarized levels (44 cells). Slow depolarizing potentials
      have a mean amplitude of 17.6 mV and a mean duration of 65.2 msec. They are also
      produced at the termination of hyperpolarizing current pulses. The ionic basis
      for these slow potentials have been investigated. Fast spikes constituting the
      burst discharge are blocked by TTX but the slow component is unaffected, being
      blocked by Co++ and enhanced by Ba++. Taken together, these results show that the
      slow depolarizing potentials are generated by a low-threshold Ca++ conductance
      which is de-inactivated by membrane hyperpolarization. When the neurons are
      spontaneously active, they exhibit bursts arising from slow depolarizing
      potentials reminiscent of those evoked by direct stimulation. They also show
      longer episodes of repetitive firing. Twelve neurons were intracellularly stained
      and were found in the periphery of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), in close
      proximity to the groups of neurophysin-positive neuroendocrine neurons present in
      the lateral part of this nucleus. Injected neurons have the morphology of
      reticular cells, judging by their few multipolar, rectilinear and sparsely
      branched dendrites. Some of their processes are directed towards PVN. Because of
      their intrinsic electrophysiological properties and their possible relationships
      with PVN, the population of cells described in the present study may play a role
      in functions relating to the PVN.

PMID- 3690362
TI  - Subcellular, regional and immunohistochemical localization of adenosine deaminase
      in various species.
AB  - Immunohistochemical and subcellular fractionation techniques were employed to
      compare the cellular and subcellular localization of adenosine deaminase (ADA) in
      various brain regions of several mammalian species. A relatively restricted
      distribution of ADA-immunoreactive neurons in rat brain was previously reported.
      Mouse brain exhibited a pattern similar in many respects to rat and, in addition,
      contained intensely immunostained neurons in lateral habenula and hippocampus.
      Glial immunostaining was absent or very light in rat but evident in mouse.
      Prominent immunoreactive fibers and neurons were observed in hamster spinal cord
      and anterior hypothalamus, respectively. ADA-immunostaining in guinea-pig was
      localized to presumptive fibers in the superficial layers of spinal cord dorsal
      horn and to glial cells throughout the brain. Demonstration of specific
      immunostaining in rabbit was not possible. ADA activity was far more
      heterogeneously distributed in rat and most brain areas in guinea-pig and rabbit
      contained up to 5-fold and 10-fold higher levels of activity, respectively,
      compared with rat. Crude synaptosomal (P2) fractions of rat cortex contained a
      greater proportion of ADA activity than those of rabbit cortex. Within rat,
      relatively high activity was found in P2 fractions of whole hypothalamus,
      cerebellum, and hippocampus. ADA activity was greater in P2 fractions of rat
      anterior compared with whole hypothalamus and the greatest proportion of the
      enzyme in this fraction was localized to purified synaptosomes. The large
      variations in the activity and cellular location of ADA in the animals examined
      suggest species differences in mechanisms governing adenosine metabolism in brain
      and possible differences in the relationships between cellular metabolism, ADA
      and the neuroregulatory role of adenosine in the CNS.

PMID- 3690363
TI  - Cortisol alters firing rate and synaptic responses of limbic forebrain units.
AB  - Single units antidromically identified as projecting to the hypothalamic
      paraventricular nucleus (PVN) from the lateral septum (LS) and preoptic area
      (POA) were recorded in adrenalectomized male rats. Eight of the 15 POA units
      identified as projecting to the PVN were affected by reciprocally projecting
      pathways also showing either orthodromic excitation or inhibition. A variety of
      responses from POA units following cortisol injection suggested a heterogeneity
      of PVN afferent projections arising from the POA and possibly involved in the
      regulation of adrenocortical secretion. Cortisol injection had variable effects
      on the reciprocal POA axon pathways demonstrated and also revealed the presence
      of reciprocal projections to four of the LS cells. Most of the 10 LS cells tested
      showed an increase in firing rate following the steroid injection. It is
      suggested that the reciprocal pathways demonstrated may provide a steroid
      dependent, 'ultra-short loop' negative feedback circuit serving to regulate the
      neural control of adrenocortical secretion. Unidentified cells in both regions
      were also affected by cortisol injection, the majority of such cells tested being
      excited, some also showing steroid-sensitive synaptic effects following PVN
      stimulation. The latter results may be related to the involvement of the
      structures examined, and of adrenal glucocorticoids, in central mechanisms of
      arousal.

PMID- 3690364
TI  - Yohimbine-induced alterations of monoamine metabolism in the spontaneously
      hypertensive rat of the Okamoto strain (SHR). II. The central nervous system
      (CNS).
AB  - Steady state levels of monoamine neurotransmitters were examined in SHR, a
      genetic model of hypertension and compared to its normotensive control (WKY). SHR
      and WKY were also challenged with alpha 2-adrenergic antagonists, (yohimbine,
      YOH, idazoxan) or an alpha 1-antagonist (prazosin) and alterations in CNS
      monoamine metabolism evaluated. SHR were found to have elevated levels of NE and
      5-HT in a number of brain regions involved in cardiovascular control when
      compared to WKY. DA levels and metabolism were also altered in the SHR. Blockade
      of alpha 2-adrenoceptors and other direct and indirect actions of YOH exacerbated
      the abnormalities in central monoaminergic neurotransmission in SHR. Significant
      decreases in NE content were produced by YOH or idazoxan treatment in both SHR
      and WKY, presumably the result of the inhibition of alpha 2-adrenoceptor
      medicated presynaptic control of NE release. YOH treatment abolished the
      differences in steady state levels of NE between SHR and WKY, however, idazoxan
      did not. YOH administration resulted in significant increases in DA and 5-HT in a
      number of brain regions of both SHR and WKY. Idazoxan or prazosin produced few
      changes in DA and 5-HT metabolism except for increases in DA content in the
      spinal cord and brainstem of SHR given idazoxan. The YOH-induced increases in DA
      and 5-HT content of SHR were of a greater magnitude than the WKY in several brain
      regions. DOPAC levels were significantly elevated by YOH in both WKY and SHR,
      reflecting the antidopaminergic properties of YOH. 5-HIAA content was
      significantly reduced by YOH in a number of brain regions in both SHR and WKY,
      however, this effect was attenuated in several brain regions in SHR. The results
      of the present study demonstrate the multifarious nature of the alterations in
      CNS monoamine metabolism in SHR.

PMID- 3690365
TI  - Effects of opiate antagonist treatment into either the periaqueductal grey or
      nucleus accumbens on heroin-induced locomotor activation.
AB  - The role of opiate receptors in the periaqueductal grey (PAG) and nucleus
      accumbens (NA) in the expression of heroin-induced locomotor activation was
      investigated. Rats received subcutaneous injections of heroin (0.5 mg/kg) in
      combination with intra-PAG or intra-NA microinjections of the quaternary opiate
      antagonist methyl naltrexone (MN) in doses of 0.0 (saline vehicle), 0.3, 1.0 and
      3.0 micrograms. When injected into the NA, all three doses of MN were found to
      attenuate heroin-induced locomotor activity compared to saline vehicle. In
      contrast, intra-PAG MN treatment did not have any significant effect on heroin
      induced locomotor activity. With regard to the NA, these results confirm previous
      findings showing that blockade of NA opiate receptors attenuates heroin-induced
      locomotor activity. The lack of effect in the PAG indicates that PAG opiate
      receptors do not participate in the expression of heroin-induced locomotor
      activation. The implications of these results for the anatomical overlap found
      between sites mediating opiate reward and locomotor activation are discussed.

PMID- 3690366
TI  - Dye coupling among supraoptic nucleus neurons without dendritic damage:
      differential incidence in nursing mother and virgin rats.
AB  - To assess the possibility that dye coupling among neurons in hypothalamic slices
      might require dendrotomy, as has been suggested for neocortical neurons, dye
      coupling was studied in horizontally cut slices containing the supraoptic nucleus
      (SON). Since the dendrites of SON neurons project toward the pial surface,
      dendritic damage due to slicing can be avoided in the horizontal plane.
      Intracellular injections of Lucifer Yellow into individual SON neurons in slices
      from male, virgin female and lactating, mother rats yielded the following
      results. When dendrotomy occurred there was a significantly lower incidence of
      dye coupling than was observed when dendrites were intact. Higher order coupling
      (3 or more cells dye coupled after a single injection) was only seen among
      neurons without dendrotomy. Independently of dendritic damage, incidence of dye
      coupling in nursing mothers was reliably greater than for virgins, confirming
      previous results from coronal slices. The results of this study indicate that
      dendrotomy is not an inducer of dye coupling in SON neurons. Taken together with
      other recent findings, these data suggest that a reinterpretation of the effects
      of dendrotomy on cortical cell dye coupling may be in order.

PMID- 3690367
TI  - Quantitative analysis of synaptogenesis in the cerebral cortex of the cat
      suprasylvian gyrus.
AB  - A quantitative study was made of the synapses in the association cortex of the
      suprasylvian gyrus and in the adjacent subcortical region, in kittens from birth
      (P0) to 103 days (P103), and in two adults. The quantitative data were corrected
      using the neuropil and the growth coefficients. At P0, the synaptic density of
      the cortex is only 7% of the adult density. The synapses are disposed
      preferentially in layers I, III and V. The rush of the synaptic density
      apparently starts at P9, or at P12 after correction using the growth coefficient.
      At this time, the cortico-cortical connections begin to form. During the rush,
      the synaptic peaks of the newborn animal disappear; the synaptic density reaches
      its maximum at P28-P35, exceeding the adult density by 53 to 82%. After P35,
      there appears a real, although very slow, elimination of synapses. This
      elimination touches the superficial layers (I to III) first, and then the deep
      layers. The young neuron, seeking a qualitative and quantitative equilibrium of
      its afferents and its efferents, seems to be responsible for this elimination.
      The superficial cortex always contains more synapses (60%) than the subjacent
      cortex, regardless of the animal's age. The rush is greatest here, as is the
      elimination. The question of senescence arises: since the majority of the
      synapses are very probably of cortico-cortical origin in this cortex, this
      process would seem to be due to a loss of association connections. Indeed, one of
      the two adults analyzed revealed a loss of synapses in the superficial layers of
      its cortex, as well as in layer VI. The synapses are present in the subcortical
      region, without discontinuity with the cortex in all animals. In the youngest,
      synapses were observed down to 2 mm below the cerebral cortex: the neurons
      establish a few rare contacts before reaching their definitive site. In the
      adult, the white matter is totally devoid of synapses. Since the elimination of
      synapses appears to be a process which continues throughout life, the term
      "maturity" cannot be attributed solely on the basis of the histologic components,
      but must result from an evaluation of behavior.

PMID- 3690368
TI  - Monosynaptic inhibitory postsynaptic potentials from lateral habenula recorded in
      dorsal raphe neurons.
AB  - The inhibitory response evoked in presumably serotonergic dorsal raphe neurons by
      stimulation of the lateral habenular nucleus was examined in the rat using
      intracellular recording techniques. Electrical stimulation of the lateral
      habenula produces a long-lasting hyperpolarization in dorsal raphe neurons having
      the slow spontaneous firing pattern (0.5-1.5 spikes/sec) and broad action
      potential (greater than 1 msec) indicative of serotonergic neurons. The
      hyperpolarizing response is reversed by hyperpolarizing current injection or by
      increasing intracellular Cl-concentration and is thus an inhibitory postsynaptic
      potential (IPSP) due to conductance increase to Cl-. The mean latency of the IPSP
      is 7.0 msec, which implies a mean conduction velocity for habenulo-raphe axons of
      1.2 m/sec. The latency of the response could be demonstrated to be unaffected by
      changes in stimulus strength, indicating that the IPSP is monosynaptic, which is
      in agreement with recent anatomical data. Intracellular horseradish peroxidase
      labeling of responding neurons shows them to have a morphology typical of
      serotonergic dorsal raphe neurons.

PMID- 3690369
TI  - Ro15-4513 differentially affects ethanol-induced hypnosis and hypothermia.
AB  - Recent reports of in vivo antagonism of the acute anti-conflict, ataxic, and
      lethal effects of ethanol with the partial inverse agonist imidazobenzodiazepine
      Ro15-4513 implicate the GABAa/benzodiazepine receptor in mediating several acute
      effects of ethanol. These data raise the question as to whether all of the acute
      effects of ethanol can be antagonized by Ro15-4513. The present study addressed
      this issue by investigating the effect of Ro15-4513 on ethanol-induced loss of
      righting reflex and hypothermia in mice. We found that Ro15-4513 antagonized the
      hypnotic, but not the hypothermic, effects of ethanol when tested under identical
      conditions. These results suggest that the GABAa/benzodiazepine receptor may not
      be involved in mediating all pharmacological effects of ethanol.

PMID- 3690370
TI  - Anxiogenic effects in benzodiazepine withdrawal are linked to the development of
      tolerance.
AB  - Rats were tested in the elevated plus-maze test of anxiety after a probe
      injection of chlordiazepoxide (CDP 5 mg/kg) following short-term (5 days) or long
      term (20 days) pretreatment with 5 or 20 mg/kg/day. After short-term pretreatment
      with either dose, the probe dose had anxiolytic effects (it increased the %
      number of entries, and % of time spent, on the open arms). After long-term
      pretreatment with either dose of CDP there was tolerance to these effects. When
      the rats were tested 24 hours after their last dose of CDP, there was no
      indication of spontaneous withdrawal responses in the rats from the short-term
      pretreatment groups, but the rats in the long-term pretreatment groups showed
      increased anxiety (decreases in the % number of entries, and the % of time spent,
      on the open arms, compared with controls). These results support suggestions that
      the development of tolerance and the incidence of withdrawal anxiety may both be
      manifestations of the underlying changes occurring during drug dependence.

PMID- 3690371
TI  - Recording of brain potentials with FET-circuits: hazard of inadvertent lesions.
AB  - Head-mounted field-effect transistors are frequently used for
      electrophysiological recording of brain potentials in freely moving animals. The
      low output impedance of these transistors reduces noise pickup and artifacts
      caused by movement of the cable that connects the animal to the amplifier.
      However, inadvertent brain lesions can occur if the positive pole of the DC power
      supply is disconnected, without simultaneous interruption of the connections to
      the negative pole and ground.

PMID- 3690372
TI  - Workshop on scar management. Crewe, Cheshire, UK, 2 June 1987.

PMID- 3690374
TI  - [Sympathetic nerve block and occlusive vasculopathies].

PMID- 3690373
TI  - Silicone gel in scar treatment.

PMID- 3690375
TI  - [Detection of a Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Postanesthetic cardiocirculatory
      arrest].

PMID- 3690376
TI  - CNA testifies on AIDS.

PMID- 3690377
TI  - Hospitals must ask next-of-kin about organ donation.

PMID- 3690378
TI  - Letters on AIDS distort CNA position.

PMID- 3690379
TI  - Studying the image of nursing.

PMID- 3690380
TI  - Year one: the AIDS trainees.

PMID- 3690381
TI  - The three-way stop-cock: how to master a crucial innovation.

PMID- 3690382
TI  - Dividing the responsible pie.

PMID- 3690383
TI  - The nurse and the patient: partners in education.

PMID- 3690384
TI  - Development of Canadian critical care nursing standards: report of Phase I.

PMID- 3690386
TI  - Diagraph and precursor.

PMID- 3690385
TI  - Spreadsheets in nursing administration. Not as easy as 1-2-3.

PMID- 3690387
TI  - Hypertension. Blood pressure regulating systems: cellular, integrative, and
      therapeutic aspects. A satellite symposium of the XX International Congress of
      the International Union of Physiological Sciences. Proceedings.

PMID- 3690388
TI  - Structural alterations of blood vessels in hypertensive rats.
AB  - Vascular changes in the mesenteric arteries were examined in three animals models
      for human essential hypertension. These models are: spontaneously hypertensive
      rats, which develop hypertension with age; Dahl model of genetic, salt-dependent
      hypertensive rats; and deoxycorticosterone-salt hypertensive rats. Morphometric
      measurements of the arterial wall components (e.g., endothelium, media) were
      carried out in the elastic arteries, muscular arteries, and arteriolar vessels
      from the mesenteric bed. The observed changes were correlated with the stages of
      hypertension development and the effect of antihypertension therapy, including
      sympathectomy. Specific emphasis was made to determine whether the changes
      observed were primary in nature, and related to the causes of hypertension, or
      they were secondary adaptive changes. A comparison of the three models showed
      that common changes in the intima, media, and adventitia were present in the
      three models. Alterations in the endothelium (e.g., enlargement of subendothelial
      space, necrotic changes), adventitia (collagen increase), and hypertrophy of the
      smooth muscle cells are secondary adaptive changes, because these changes occur
      subsequent to the development of hypertension, and antihypertensive therapy also
      prevent these changes from taking place. In contrast, hyperplasia of the smooth
      muscle cells is a primary change, because it occurs prior to the onset of
      hypertension. Functionally, alteration in the media is probably the most
      important change, because it can cause hyperreactivity of the arteries in
      response to stimulation. Damage to the endothelial cells may play a role in the
      maintenance of hypertension during the later phase. Alteration in adventitia is a
      passive change, which does not appear to have a major role in
      hypertension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3690389
TI  - Renal actions of angiotensin II in renovascular hypertension.
AB  - In renal artery stenosis severe enough to cause hypertension, angiotensin II
      maintains glomerular filtration rate (GFR) both in the initial high renin phase
      of hypertension and later when plasma levels are normal. Angiotensin II also
      maintains GFR in less severe stenosis, which does not cause hypertension. This
      homeostatic action of angiotensin II to maintain GFr has minimal effects on blood
      flow. In renal-wrap hypertension, plasma renin levels are elevated for longer
      than after renal artery stenosis, but in other respects this initial phase of the
      hypertension is similar to that after renal artery stenosis. GFR is reduced, the
      rate of development of hypertension is accelerated by angiotensin II, and
      angiotensin II maintains the glomerular filtration fraction. Renal resistance is
      markedly increased owing to both compression of the kidney by the hypertrophying
      renal capsule and to angiotensin II. Thus angiotensin II apparently plays a
      primarily homeostatic role in renovascular hypertension to maintain glomerular
      ultrafiltration. It is suggested that the angiotensin II may be formed
      intrarenally and may act on sites other than resistance blood vessels.

PMID- 3690390
TI  - Forebrain mechanisms in neurogenic hypertension.
AB  - In recent years a considerable amount of experimental evidence has suggested that
      forebrain structures are involved in the pathogenesis of high arterial pressure
      (AP). However, little is known about the location and function of these
      supramedullary structures in the hypertensive process. This report reviews a
      series of studies done to identify the location and to determine the contribution
      of some forebrain structures to both the development and maintenance of the
      elevated AP following selective aortic baroreceptor deafferentation (ABD). In the
      first series of studies, it was demonstrated that the elevated AP resulting from
      ABD was associated with increased metabolic activity in several forebrain
      structures: the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH), supraoptic
      nucleus, nucleus circularis, median preoptic nucleus, subfornical organ (SFO),
      and central nucleus of the amygdala. In the second series, bilateral electrolytic
      lesions of the PVH were shown to prevent the development of and (or) reverse the
      elevated AP after ABD. Similarly, bilateral microinjections of the neurotoxin
      kainic acid into the PVH were shown to reverse the increased AP after ABD. In the
      final series, electrolytic lesions of the SFO were shown to attenuate the rise in
      AP after ABD and (or) to reduce the elevated AP to a level that remained above
      control values. Taken together, these data suggest that the PVH and SFO are
      components of a neuronal circuit involved in the hypertensive process following
      ABD, and that the SFO likely exerts its effect through the PVH.

PMID- 3690391
TI  - Confluence of barosensory and nonbarosensory inputs at neurons in the
      ventrolateral medulla in rabbits.
AB  - In urethane-anesthetized rabbits, 209 spontaneously active neurons that responded
      to stimulation of aortic nerve A fibers were found within the ventrolateral
      medulla (VLM). The neurons, termed barosensory VLM neurons, were inhibited,
      except for three instances, by stimulation of A fibers. Forty-seven percent of
      barosensory VLM neurons tested (74 of 159) were activated antidromically by
      electrical stimulation of the dorsolateral funiculus at the C2 level. Activity of
      barosensory VLM neurons was enhanced by stimulation of carotid body
      chemoreceptors or the posterior hypothalamic area, whereas it was diminished by
      increases in arterial pressure elicited by injection of phenylephrine.
      Barosensory VLM neurons responded variously to stimulation, with two to three
      pulses at 40 or 100 Hz, of spinal afferents of cutaneous and muscle origins and
      the spinal trigeminal complex. Although stimulation of one group of somatosensory
      fibers could evoke different patterns of neuronal responses consisting of
      excitatory and inhibitory components, the following responses were most often
      encountered. Group II cutaneous afferents caused an inhibition. Recruitment of
      group III afferents brought about a brief excitatory component preceding it.
      Activation of group IV cutaneous fibers added a long latency excitatory
      component. Excitation of groups III and IV muscle afferents most often resulted
      in an inhibition, whereas stimulation of the spinal trigeminal complex elicited
      various combinations of excitatory and inhibitory components. These results are
      consistent with the view that neurons in the ventrolateral medulla receive
      barosensory and nonbarosensory inputs from various peripheral and central sources
      and participate in the control of sympathetic vasomotor activity and arterial
      pressure.

PMID- 3690392
TI  - Do pressor neurons in the ventrolateral medulla release amines and neuropeptides?
AB  - Activation of neurons arising in the rostral ventrolateral medulla evokes a
      pressor response in the rat and the rabbit. This region of the medulla gives rise
      to bulbospinal neurons containing many different neurotransmitters, including
      amines such as adrenaline, noradrenaline and serotonin, and neuropeptides such as
      substance P and neuropeptide Y. Colocalization of amines and neuropeptides has
      been described in some neurons descending from the rostral ventrolateral medulla.
      In this paper we discuss the evidence that bulbospinal serotonin-containing
      neurons (B3) and adrenaline-containing neurons (C1) arising from this part of the
      medulla exert pressor effects by distinct central pathways and conclude that they
      do. We also consider the possibility that the pressor effects of activating these
      two groups of neurons are associated with release of neuropeptides and highlight
      evidence that substance P is released into the spinal cord by activation of
      descending serotonin-containing neurons, while neuropeptide Y may be released by
      activation of bulbospinal adrenaline-containing neurons.

PMID- 3690393
TI  - Endorphinergic mechanism in the central cardiovascular and analgesic effects of
      clonidine.
AB  - In urethane-anesthetized male rats, injection of 5 nmol clonidine into the
      nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) causes hypotension and bradycardia. These
      effects are greater in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive
      Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats than in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. The
      effects of clonidine are stereoselectively inhibited by 100 ng intra-NTS naloxone
      in SHR and SD but not in WKY rats. In SHR, the effects of clonidine are also
      inhibited by intra-NTS administration of ICI 174864 (a delta-receptor antagonist)
      but not by beta-funaltrexamine (a mu-receptor antagonist), while in SD rats only
      the mu- and not the delta-antagonist was effective. Neonatal treatment of SHR
      with monosodium glutamate (MSG) reduced the beta-endorphin content of the arcuate
      nucleus and the NTS, reduced the cardiovascular effects of clonidine, and
      abolished their naloxone sensitivity. MSG treatment of newborn WKY reduced the
      beta-endorphin content of the arcuate nucleus but not the NTS and did not affect
      the responses to clonidine. Measurement of pain sensitivity by the formalin test
      indicated that clonidine was more potent as an analgesic in SHR and SD than in
      WKY rats, and its effect was inhibited by naloxone (2 mg/kg i.p.) in the former
      two strains but not in WKY. It is proposed that a naloxone-sensitive component of
      the cardiovascular effects of clonidine is due to release of a beta-endorphin
      like opioid from the NTS, and that this mechanism is present in SHR and SD but
      not in WKY rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3690394
TI  - Central cardiovascular actions of vasopressin in the rat.
AB  - Arginine vasopressin (AVP) containing neurones and pathways have been localized
      in various cardiovascular control centers of the central nervous system in rats.
      AVP influences cardiovascular regulation when injected into various areas of the
      central nervous system. The blood pressure increases in response to central AVP
      injections were shown to be initiated by stimulation of central V1-AVP receptors
      and mediated by stimulation of sympathetic outflow to the periphery. On the other
      hand, AVP has also been shown to attenuate the pressor responses to electrical
      stimulation of the mesencephalic reticular formation when injected into the brain
      ventricular system. In addition, AVP can participate in cardiovascular regulation
      by modulating baroreceptor reflex sensitivity. We have shown that in rats
      peripheral (hormonal) AVP can sensitize the heart rate component of the
      baroreceptor reflex by acting on V2-AVP receptors accessible from the blood,
      while at the same time central (neuronal) AVP can attenuate the baroreceptor
      reflex through brain V1-AVP receptors that cannot be reached from the blood.
      Binding and functional studies favour the existence of V1-AVP receptors in the
      central nervous system, whereas evidence for central V2-AVP receptors is still
      scarce. The role of AVP in hypertension remains controversial, but recent
      evidence suggests that a discordance between the various central and peripheral
      cardiovascular actions of AVP, rather than its hormonal vasopressor effects, may
      contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension.

PMID- 3690395
TI  - Modulation of cardiovascular reflexes by arginine vasopressin.
AB  - Arginine vasopressin (AVP), a potent vasoconstrictor, does not raise arterial
      pressure in normal humans or neurally intact animals, even during infusions that
      achieve pathophysiological plasma concentrations. It has been proposed that this
      is because AVP facilitates the baroreflex control of the circulation. We
      performed a series of investigations to test this hypothesis, and to determine
      sites at which AVP might act to augment the baroreflex. In anesthetized rabbits,
      vasopressin (36 pmol.kg-1.min-1) increased discharge from both medullated and
      nonmedullated single fibres from aortic baroreceptor nerves during elevations in
      aortic arch pressure. Similarly, vasopressin (36 pmol.kg-1.min-1) increased the
      response of left ventricular mechanoreceptor single fibre discharge to elevations
      of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. These observations suggest that
      sensitization of high and low pressure baroreceptors is one mechanism by which
      vasopressin may facilitate baroreflexes. In a further series of experiments in
      sinoaortic denervated anesthetized rabbits, vasopressin (18 pmol.kg-1.min-1)
      facilitated vagally mediated reflex inhibition of renal sympathetic nerve
      activity during volume expansion. In humans, AVP (0.37 pmol.kg-1.min-1) raised
      plasma AVP to an antidiuretic level (22 +/- 4 fmol/mL), but did not change blood
      pressure or the baroreflex control of heart rate or forearm vascular
      resistance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3690396
TI  - Cerebral osmoregulation of renal sodium excretion--a response analogous to thirst
      and vasopressin release.
AB  - Studies in sheep have shown that renal excretion of sodium may be under
      osmoregulatory control. When sheep become dehydrated, or are infused
      intravenously with hypertonic saline, they increase renal Na excretion in
      addition to secreting vasopressin and developing a thirst. These natriuretic,
      antidiuretic, and dipsogenic responses to dehydration and hypertonicity can be
      greatly reduced by lowering the cerebrospinal fluid NaCl concentration or by
      prior ablation of tissue in the anterior wall of the third ventricle. Lowering of
      cerebrospinal fluid NaCl concentration also prevents postprandial natriuresis
      which normally occurs in association with a postprandial increase in plasma Na
      concentration and tonicity. We propose that there is a cerebral osmoregulatory
      control of Na excretion which may interact with volume influences from the
      cardiovascular system to regulate renal Na output. The effector mechanism from
      brain to kidney mediating such cerebral control of Na excretion is probably
      hormonal.

PMID- 3690397
TI  - Agonist interactions at the calcium pools in skinned and unskinned canine
      tracheal smooth muscle.
AB  - We studied the functionally discrete calcium sources used by acetylcholine, 5
      hydroxytryptamine, histamine and high K+ in the dog tracheal smooth muscle. The
      extracellular calcium dependence of their responses was assessed by altering the
      calcium and by pretreatment with the calcium antagonist, nifedipine. The
      intracellular calcium pool was assessed by studying the interactions between
      caffeine and the agonists in both skinned and unskinned preparations. The extent
      of overlap for the different calcium pools between the various agonists was
      determined by studying the dose-response relationships of these agents before and
      after pretreatment with another agonist, i.e., the conditioning agonist, in zero
      calcium conditions. The rank order of sensitivity to calcium removal and to
      nifedipine was histamine greater than KCl greater than 5-hydroxytryptamine
      greater than acetylcholine. Caffeine-induced atenuation of the agonist responses
      was predominantly through physiological antagonism. However, the caffeine
      responses in unskinned fibres were augmented by pretreatment with the agonists
      through both nifedipine-sensitive (as with KCl) and -insensitive (as with
      acetylcholine) mechanisms. The responses to acetylcholine and caffeine were
      inhibited by theophylline and forskolin. In the skinned muscle fibres, the pCa
      tension relationship suggested high calcium sensitivity, a significant caffeine
      sensitive calcium pool, and no evidence of calcium release by exogenous inositol
      trisphosphate. The results are consistent with multiple extracellular and
      intracellular calcium sources for the agonist responses. We observed considerable
      overlap of the calcium sources used by these agonists. Of the four agonists
      studied, histamine appeared to inhibit the release and sequestration of calcium
      utilized by the other agonists most effectively.

PMID- 3690398
TI  - The effect of 3-methylindole on the rates of phospholipid and neutral lipid
      synthesis in cultured fibroblasts.
AB  - The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that a pneumotoxin, 3
      methylindole, alters the basic metabolic pathways involved in phospholipid and
      neutral lipid synthesis in cultured fibroblasts. Rat skin fibroblasts were
      obtained from day-old pups. Confluent monolayers were preincubated for up to 24 h
      with a range of concentrations (0-0.76 mM) of 3-methylindole. Following these
      treatments, the cell lipids were labelled by incubation for 6 h with
      [14C]glycerol. The lipids were extracted, separated by thin layer chromatography,
      and the radioactivity in each fraction was determined. 3-Methylindole had no
      effect on the total incorporation of [14C]glycerol into lipids, but significantly
      altered the distribution among lipid fractions. Incubation with 3-methylindole
      caused a decrease in the incorporation of [14C]glycerol into phosphatidylcholine,
      while radioactivity accumulated in the neutral lipid fraction. The other lipid
      fractions responded variably. Similarily, Flow 2000 human diploid lung
      fibroblasts were incubated for 24 h with 3-methylindole followed by treatment
      with [14C]glycerol, resulting in a 74% decrease in the incorporation of
      [14C]glycerol into phosphatidylcholine and a 50% increase in its accumulation in
      neutral lipid. The results indicate that 3-methylindole inhibits the synthesis of
      phosphatidylcholine from diacylglycerol precursors on the endoplasmic reticulum
      in cultured fibroblasts. This is an important observation as it shows that 3
      methylindole affects the synthesis of phospholipids required for membrane
      turnover in cells that are not specialized for the production of phospholipids
      for surfactant.

PMID- 3690399
TI  - Evaluation of the dermal carcinogenic potential of liquids produced from the Cold
      Lake heavy oil deposits of northeast Alberta.
AB  - This study assessed the dermal carcinogenic potential of raw bitumen derived from
      the Cold Lake Oil Sands deposit (located in Northeast Alberta, Canada) and two
      liquids which were under evaluation as part of a process to refine the crude
      bitumen at the Cold Lake site. The crude bitumen was dermally carcinogenic,
      inducing tumors in 26% of the treated animals with a median latency of 106 weeks.
      This response was significantly greater than the tumor yield previously reported
      for a raw bitumen derived from Athabasca tar sands by the Syncrude process, but
      was not substantially different from the carcinogenic potential of two crude
      petroleum oils. The GO-FINING product, a high boiling (259-519 degrees C),
      catalytically cracked gas oil was a relatively potent dermal carcinogen, inducing
      tumors in 86% of the treated animals with a median latency of 46 weeks. This
      result is consistent with the fact that the GO-FINING product contained
      appreciable levels of high boiling aromatic compounds. The HYCRACKING product, a
      high boiling (102-498 degrees C), severely hydroprocessed liquid was
      noncarcinogenic. This result was also consistent with the compositional data; the
      high boiling components were predominantly saturated species. Thus the
      carcinogenic properties of the liquid products prepared by these two processes
      were as predicted from the compositional information.

PMID- 3690400
TI  - The effects of pH on force and stiffness development in mouse muscles.
AB  - Changes in force and stiffness during contractions of mouse extensor digitorum
      longus and soleus muscles were measured over a range of extracellular pH from 6.4
      to 7.4. Muscle stiffness was measured using small amplitude (less than 0.1% of
      muscle length), high frequency (1.5 kHz) oscillations in length. Twitch force was
      not significantly affected by changes in pH, but the peak force during repetitive
      stimulation (2, 3, and 20 pulses) was decreased significantly as the pH was
      reduced. Changes in muscle stiffness with pH were in the same direction, but
      smaller in extent. If the number of attached cross-bridges in the muscle can be
      determined from the measurement of small amplitude, high frequency muscle
      stiffness, then these findings suggest that (a) the number of cross-bridges
      between thick and thin filaments declines in low pH and (b) the average force per
      cross-bridge also declines in low pH. The decline in force per cross-bridge could
      arise from a reduction in the ability of cross-bridges to generate force during
      their state of active force production and (or) in an increased percentage of
      bonds in a low force, "rigor" state.

PMID- 3690401
TI  - Evidence for liver as the major site of the diet-induced thermogenesis of rats
      fed a "cafeteria" diet.
AB  - The resting metabolic rates (VO2) of rats fed chow (CH) or a "cafeteria" (CAF)
      diet of highly palatable human foods were measured at thermoneutrality (28
      degrees C) before and shortly after two-thirds hepatectomy or sham operation, and
      again after administration of propranolol (5 mg/kg). CAF rats initially had a 17%
      and 1.2 mL/min higher mean resting VO2 than CH rats, a difference usually
      considered to represent the diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) that CAF rats
      develop during overconsumption of the diet. Sham operation did not significantly
      affect resting VO2 in either diet group. Two-thirds hepatectomy decreased VO2 by
      about 1.0 mL/min more (125% more) in CAF rats than in CH rats, from which it may
      be estimated that the CAF rats initially had a liver VO2 about 1.6 mL/min higher
      than that of the CH rats, a difference more than sufficient to fully account for
      their apparent DIT. Propranolol did not significantly affect the VO2 of CH rats.
      It reduced the VO2 of sham-operated CAF rats by 0.94 +/- 0.08 mL/min (12%), but
      had a significantly smaller effect (delta VO2 = -0.50 +/- 0.05 mL/min) in
      partially hepatectomized CAF rats. This difference suggests that about 70% of the
      propranolol-inhibitable fraction of the elevated VO2 of the CAF rats, presumably
      a measure of sympathetically mediated DIT, resided in the liver. This study thus
      points to the liver as the major (70-100%) effector of the DIT of CAF rats.

PMID- 3690402
TI  - Carnitine and carnitine esters in rat bile and human duodenal fluid.
AB  - The recent discovery of carnitine and its esters in rat bile has led to much
      speculation about its role. The objectives of these studies were to investigate
      the origin of carnitine esters in rat bile and to study the presence of carnitine
      in human bile-rich duodenal fluid. Bile was collected from chow-fed (n = 11),
      fasted (72 h, n = 6), and fasted plus 2-tetradecylglycidic acid administered (72
      h, n = 5) male adult rats under sodium pentobarbital anaesthesia. Carnitine and
      carnitine ester content was measured in the bile and compared with serum and
      liver carnitine. Bile from fed rats was found to contain 80% acylcarnitine, one
      third of this as long chain carnitine esters. Fasting caused no change in the
      secretion rate of acylcarnitine into the bile, although long chain carnitine
      ester secretion almost doubled. Conversely, 2-tetradecylglycidic acid treatment
      caused a decrease in long chain carnitine ester secretion into bile. Duodenal
      fluid was collected from patients with suspected cholelithiasis (n = 10) before
      and after pancreozymin-cholecystokinin injection. Although carnitine
      concentration was variable, it was consistently 80% esterified. These data
      associate bile carnitine with hepatic carnitine metabolism and establish the
      presence of carnitine and carnitine esters in the human intestinal lumen.

PMID- 3690403
TI  - Differential effects of diazepam on rat hindlimb muscles.
AB  - The effects of diazepam on internal membrane potential and action potentials and
      the isometric twitch and tetanus have been examined in rat fast-twitch (extensor
      digitorum longus) and slow-twitch (soleus) fibres. Low concentrations of the drug
      encountered during clinical usage (about 10 microM) had no effect on the membrane
      electrical properties or contractile properties of the fibres. Higher
      concentrations of diazepam (100-800 microM) induced changes in action potentials
      and excitation-contraction coupling but not in the resting membrane potential.
      After exposure to diazepam there was a rapid, concentration-dependent increase in
      twitch tension, which was attributed to an effect on excitation-contraction
      coupling, since the action potential and membrane potential were not altered.
      Soleus fibres were most sensitive to the potentiating action of diazepam. The
      decay of the tetanus was prolonged in both types of fibre, which indicated that
      diazepam blocked calcium uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Unexpectedly, the
      decay of isometric twitches was sensitive to diazepam only in soleus fibres,
      suggesting that calcium uptake was rate-limiting for tension relaxation in slow-
      but not fast-twitch fibres. The amplitude of the twitch and tetanus fell below
      control levels after prolonged exposure to diazepam, and there was a parallel
      reduction in action potential overshoot, especially during tetanic stimulation.
      Fast-twitch fibres were most susceptible to the depressant effect of diazepam.

PMID- 3690404
TI  - Endothelial cell morphometry near branch junctions of rabbit aortae.
AB  - Endothelial cell morphometric data were gathered from corrosion casts of the
      aorta and its branches of six New Zealand white rabbits weighing 2-3 kg. The
      endothelial cell outlines were ditigized to provide cell orientation index (COI)
      from the equation COI = 2Ms/2M1-1, where 2Ms and 2M1 are the second moments of
      area about short and long axes of the cell. The COI varies from zero to infinity.
      The former occurs when cells are symmetrical (e.g., circular) since 2Ms = 2M1 and
      the latter occurs for a straight line. Large values of COI were found distal to
      intercostals, lumbars, and the aortorenal junction, and probably reflect
      relatively stable high shear regions. Values close to zero occur on the flow
      divider where the shear stress approaches zero. Other values were less
      predictable and we concluded that while the long axis of the cell appears to
      indicate flow direction, the shape of the cell does not appear to be a reliable
      indicator of either tensile forces or shear stress acting in it, but probably
      reflects a combination of the two.

PMID- 3690405
TI  - Effects on animal growth and lipid composition of heart, liver, and adipose
      tissue in male rats fed different levels and types of fats.
AB  - Weanling male rats were fed diets containing 5, 10, or 20% (by weight) fat. Diets
      were made isocaloric by decreasing the amount of starch as the diet fat level
      increased. At each fat level, three oil mixtures were fed which contained 13, 32,
      or 79% saturated fatty acids. The polyunsaturate level was 11% of total fatty
      acids in all mixtures. After 12 weeks, animals eating the high fat diets had
      gained significantly less weight and had eaten less feed. These animals also had
      significantly lighter livers and more liver lipids. The level and type of fat in
      the diet affected the amount (mg/g) of several phospholipids in the liver and
      heart. The fatty acid patterns (total saturates, n - 3, n - 6 fatty acids) of the
      major phospholipids were generally constant, the monounsaturated fatty acids
      being the major exception.

PMID- 3690406
TI  - Extensibility changes of calcified soft tissue strips from human aorta.
AB  - Some degree of calcification was noted in more than half of the 59 aortas of
      individuals aged from 15 to 88 we have examined at autopsy. The calcification,
      which is determined by x-raying the opened and flat aorta, is in patches. We have
      studied the influence of calcification on stress versus strain, breaking
      strength, and modulus of elasticity of strips of aorta to determine its
      importance in vascular disease. Strips of aortic wall 5 x 30 mm were cut with
      orientation parallel or perpendicular to the vessel axis. Elongation versus load
      was measured with an Instron tensile testing machine. The true stress and true
      strain were calculated for both calcified and uncalcified strips from the
      thoracic and abdominal regions in both orientations. From the stress-strain curve
      the following values were selected: strain, stress, and slope at 80 mmHg
      equivalent pressure (1 mmHg = 133.3 Pa); maximum stress, strain, and slope; and
      breaking stress, strain, and slope if the sample broke. There were statistically
      significant differences in 13 of the 36 categories between calcified and
      uncalcified strips. The breaking strength and strain is lower in the calcified
      strips. The stress-strain curve for the uncalcified strip was mathematically
      transformed by reducing the amount of elongation so that the curve coincided with
      that of the calcified strip for eight matched pairs from the same individuals.
      The calcification appears to immobilize part of the strip, probably causing the
      boundary of the calcified tissue to be a region of high stress where tissue
      breakdown can occur.

PMID- 3690407
TI  - Analysis of venous flow transients for estimation of vascular resistance,
      compliance, and blood flow distribution.
AB  - We analysed venous flow transients using a long venous circuit and right heart
      bypass in 17 dogs after a rapid decrease in atrial pressure. A biphase curve was
      obtained which we decomposed into a two-compartment model, one with a fast time
      constant for venous return (0.069 min) and 52% of total circulating flow (Q), and
      one with a slower time constant (0.456 min) and 48% of Q. Subsequently, separate
      drainage from splanchnic and peripheral beds (with the renal venous return in the
      peripheral bed drainage) allowed comparison of time constants and venous outflow
      in these beds. The sum of the venous outflow volumes over time during separate
      drainage was indistinguishable from the single biphasic venous outflow volume
      curve over time observed with a long circuit and single reservoir. The fast time
      constant of the biphasic curve was not different from that determined by separate
      drainage from the peripheral circulation. The slow time constant of the single
      biphasic curve of 0.456 min was hybrid of two time constants, 0.216 min in the
      splanchnic bed and 0.862 min in the peripheral bed. Separate drainage from
      peripheral and splanchnic vascular beds demonstrated that the peripheral bed
      constituted 70% of venous outflow in the fast time constant compartment using
      Caldini's technique, whereas the splanchnic bed constituted 63% of venous outflow
      in the slow time constant compartment. It is concluded that, although Caldini's
      technique demonstrates biphasic venous flow transients, neither the fast nor the
      slow time constant compartments resolved from this analysis represent a
      particular anatomical region or vascular bed.

PMID- 3690408
TI  - Compartmental vascular changes in dogs after nephrectomy, DOCA, and saline:
      effect of nifedipine.
AB  - Hypertension (mean arterial pressure, (MAP) 131 +/- 3 mmHg) developed in 18 dogs
      4 weeks after left nephrectomy, deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA), 5 mg/kg sc
      twice weekly), and 0.5% NaCl drinking solution. This can be compared with MAP (95
      +/- 7 mmHg) of 13 dogs with nephrectomy alone and MAP (86 +/- 4 mmHg) of dogs
      without nephrectomy. The two-compartment model of the circulation revealed no
      differences in systemic vascular compliance, compartmental compliance, or flow
      distribution to the compartments. However, the time constant for venous return
      for the compartment with the rapid time constant was increased from 0.05 +/-
      0.004 min in control animals to 0.07 +/- 0.006 min in the nephrectomy alone group
      and 0.09 +/- 0.008 min in the hypertensive group (p less than 0.001), as a result
      of an increase in venous resistance. Arteriolar resistance in this compartment
      was also increased in the hypertensive animals, as was the mean circulatory
      filling pressure and overall resistance to venous return. Nifedipine (0.025-0.05
      mg/kg) reduced MAP by 15% in the nephrectomy alone group and by 22% in the
      hypertensive group, with reduction in arteriolar resistance only in the fast time
      constant compartment. In the slow time constant compartment, arteriolar
      resistance was increased by more than 100% and flow decreased by more than 50%
      after nifedipine. Unilateral nephrectomy, DOCA, plus NaCl resulted in
      hypertension by increasing arteriolar resistance in a vascular compartment with a
      fast time constant for venous return. Nifedipine countered this effect by
      inducing arteriolar vasodilation in this compartment. In addition, nifedipine
      reduced the mean circulatory filling pressure and overall resistance to venous
      return.

PMID- 3690409
TI  - Magnesium reabsorption in the juxtamedullary loop of Henle: effect of magnesium
      deprivation.
AB  - To determine the contribution of the juxtamedullary loop of Henle to magnesium
      reabsorption during magnesium deficiency, we performed two-phase micropuncture
      studies of end-descending limbs in a group of magnesium-deficient rats (n = 7)
      and in a pair-fed control group (n = 8) given MgCl2 in their drinking water. In
      the magnesium-deficient rats, daily excretion of magnesium fell to very low
      values (1.2 +/- 0.2 vs. 52 +/- 12 microM.day-1.100 g body weight-1, p less than
      0.05). Plasma magnesium concentration and fractional magnesium excretion during
      the control phase were nearly 52 and 27%, respectively, of the values observed in
      pair-fed controls. Fractional magnesium delivery to the end-descending limb did
      not differ significantly between the two groups. During the acute magnesium
      repletion phase, fractional magnesium excretion and fractional magnesium delivery
      to the end-descending limb increased by a similar value in the two groups of
      rats, despite a lower filtered load of magnesium in the magnesium-deficient
      group. Absolute magnesium reabsorption upstream to the end-descending limb was
      lower in the magnesium-deficient rats but was otherwise tightly coupled to the
      filtered load of magnesium (Y = 0.91 + 0.37 x, r = 0.82, p less than 0.05).
      Similar observations were made with regards to whole kidney magnesium
      reabsorption. Our results suggest that, in young magnesium-deficient rats,
      magnesium reabsorption is tightly coupled to the filtered load of magnesium both
      in segments upstream to the juxtamedullary end-descending limb and in the whole
      kidney, and that a reabsorptive defect for magnesium is not evident in this
      setting.

PMID- 3690410
TI  - Enteric opioid neurons modulate the basal tone of the isolated puppy ileum.
AB  - We studied the role of enteric opioid neurons in the spontaneous motility of the
      longitudinal muscle in the isolated puppy ileum. Regular fluctuations in tone
      that rose above and returned to the basal level occurred at an interval of 4.7 +/
      0.3 min. Naloxone (10(-8) and 10(-7) M) reduced the spontaneous tonic
      contraction by 42.6 +/- 11.6% (p less than 0.02) and 77.0 +/- 3.6% (p less than
      0.001), respectively. Tetrodotoxin (3.1 X 10(-7) M) and atropine (10(-7) M)
      terminated the fluctuations. Met- and Leu-enkephalins (10(-9)-10(-8) M) caused
      tonic contraction which was abolished by tetrodotoxin and atropine. The
      contractile response produced by transmural electrical stimulation was reduced by
      naloxone (10(-7) M). This response was also abolished by atropine and
      tetrodotoxin. These results suggest that enteric opioid neurons are spontaneously
      active and might operate, at least in part, to raise the basal tone of the
      longitudinal muscle in the puppy ileum through a cholinergic excitatory
      mechanism.

PMID- 3690411
TI  - Refractory heart failure and age-related differences in adriamycin-induced
      myocardial changes in rats.
AB  - Clinical use of adriamycin, an effective chemotherapeutic agent, has been
      restricted because of a demonstrated dose-limiting cardiotoxicity. To study age
      related differences in adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity, clinical status,
      developed force, ultrastructure, and lipid peroxide changes in the myocardium
      were investigated in two age groups of rats termed younger (Cy) and older (Co).
      Experimental animals (Cy + A; Co + A) received a cumulative dose of 15 mg/kg of
      adriamycin over 2 weeks. Animals in the Co + A group showed hydroperitoneum,
      higher mortality, and a greater decline in weight and feed consumption. Decline
      in base-line developed force in papillary muscles from Cy + A and Co + A group
      was not significant, but responsiveness to different interventions was
      attenuated. Papillary muscles from the Co + A group showed a significantly lesser
      increase over its control (Co) group in peak developed force in response to
      higher Ca2+. The decline in the peak developed force due to low Ca2+ and
      frequency increase was also significantly less in the Co + A group. Qualitatively
      similar but quantitatively less or even statistically insignificant changes were
      seen in the younger treated (Cy + A) group compared with its controls. A greater
      cell damage indicated by the loss of myofibrils, swelling of the mitochondria as
      well as the tubular system and accumulation of lipofuscin granules was seen in
      the Co + A group. While there was no significant change in the malondialdehyde
      content in the lipofuscin granules was seen in the Co + A group.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3690412
TI  - An endogenous peptide that stimulates lanthanum-resistant calcium uptake in
      vascular tissue.
AB  - A recent report has described the preparation of an extract from hemolyzed
      erythrocytes that has a stimulatory effect on lanthanum-resistant calcium uptake
      by vascular tissue in vitro and a hypertensive effect when injected into
      normotensive rats. The compound having a stimulatory effect on calcium uptake was
      further fractionated by molecular sieve and ion exchange chromatography,
      precipitation with CaCl2, high voltage paper electrophoresis, and high
      performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). HPLC yielded only a single fraction
      containing biological activity. This fraction was ninhydrin positive and acid
      labile. The amino acid composition was as follows: Asp/Asn (1.41), Ser (1.02),
      Glu/Gly (1.00), and Gly (2.00). Based on the assumption that the compound
      contains a single glutamic acid or glutamine residue, concentration-response data
      indicated that only nanomolar amounts of material were necessary to achieve
      significant stimulation. There was a marked increase in stimulatory activity of
      the resolubilized compound following calcium precipitation. The compound became
      inactive or showed a reduction in activity after being applied to a cation
      exchange column to remove calcium. Subsequent reprecipitation with CaCl2 and
      resolubilization restored the lost activity. Thus, we conclude that the compound
      is a small, acidic, calcium-dependent peptide that is extremely potent in
      stimulating lanthanum-resistant calcium uptake in vascular tissue.

PMID- 3690414
TI  - Community mental health nurses--the frontline workers.

PMID- 3690413
TI  - Separan AP-273 and renal function: a novel natriuretic substance.
AB  - Recent studies have demonstrated that an anionic polyacrylamide (Separan, Union
      Carbide Corp.) decreased the formation of atherosclerotic lesions in the rabbit
      (Separan AP-30) and increased cardiac output (Separan AP-273) in the rat. Since
      the effect of these compounds on renal function was unknown, we investigated the
      dose-response relationship between Separan AP-273 and the renal excretion of
      electrolytes and water. In the anesthetized rat, intravenous injections of
      Separan at 0.01, 0.03, 0,10, and 0.30 mg/kg produced a dose-related increase in
      urine volume, sodium excretion, and osmolar clearance. Potassium excretion was
      increased less than twofold only at the maximal dose tested. At this high dose,
      the effect on sodium and water excretion was greater (five- and seven-fold,
      respectively). Creatinine clearance was not altered by these interventions. As
      well, the maximal dose studied was previously shown to have no effect on blood
      flow. These results indicate that Separan AP-273 is a potent diuretic and
      natriuretic substance. Taken together with similar studies using the
      poly(ethylene oxide) Polyox WSR N-60K, these results suggest that drag-reducing
      polymers may represent a novel group of compounds with diuretic and natriuretic
      effects.

PMID- 3690415
TI  - Schizophrenic family processes.

PMID- 3690416
TI  - Van Nes rotationplasty: the psychosocial perspective.

PMID- 3690417
TI  - Uncemented total hip arthroplasty.

PMID- 3690418
TI  - Purification of urease from Ureaplasma urealyticum.
AB  - We have purified urease from the Mollicutes, Ureaplasma urealyticum, using high
      performance liquid chromatography methods and DEAE-Sephadex chromatography. While
      only small amounts of material could be utilized in these methods, urease was
      purified at least 180-fold, yield a major band on SDS-PAGE of 66,000 daltons, a
      minor band of 64,000 daltons, and several faint bands of lower molecular mass.
      These results suggest that the 380,000 dalton intact urease is a pentamer or
      hexamer of these two larger subunits. The highly purified urease from DEAE
      Sephadex retained full activity for at least 20 days at 4 degrees C in sodium
      phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) with 1% bovine serum albumin. The estimated specific
      activity of the DEAE peak fractions, 180 IU/micrograms, is at least 90-fold
      greater than that of jack bean urease.

PMID- 3690420
TI  - [Degradation of a commercial surface-active agent, in the presence of a
      complementary source of carbon, by a selected bacterial colony in a marine
      environment].
AB  - Bacterial communities that can degrade surfactants have been selected from
      coastal seawaters contaminated by urban sewages. Only the linear fraction of
      commercial anionic surfactants was quickly degraded, and a residual fraction
      representing 10% of the initial concentration always remained. The highest
      concentrations of surfactant tolerated by these communities depend on the nature
      of the co-substrate and on the degree of adaptation of the selected bacteria.

PMID- 3690419
TI  - Effect of ultraviolet light irradiation on viability and aflatoxin production by
      Aspergillus parasiticus.
AB  - The effect of ultraviolet light irradiation (254 nm) on both the viability and
      the aflatoxin-producing ability of the fungus Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999,
      a good aflatoxin-producing strain, was studied. This strain showed noticeable
      resistance and irradiation for more than 10 min was necessary to reduce survival
      to under 10%, while the white mutants were more susceptible (5 min of irradiation
      reduced survival to under 1%). Induction of mutants with complete loss of
      aflatoxigenicity was rare and only 3 of the 1463 survivors tested were
      aflatoxinless.

PMID- 3690421
TI  - alpha-Santonin 1,2-reductase and its role in the formation of dihydrosantonin and
      lumisantonin by Pseudomonas cichorii S.
AB  - 1,2-Dihydrosantonin is the first stable product in the degradative pathway of
      alpha-santonin by Pseudomonas cichorii S. Its formation is catalyzed by an
      oxidoreductase, which is NADH or NADPH dependent and has an apparent Km value of
      66.66 microM for santonin and 44.33 microM for NADH. The enzyme activity is
      stable at pH 6.0, 7.0, and 8.0, and is not affected by EDTA and divalent metal
      ions. It is postulated that the enzymic reduction of santonin occurs via
      formation of a transient zwitterionic intermediate, which undergoes nonenzymatic
      1,4-sigmatropic rearrangement to yield lumisantonin during the solvent extraction
      process. Lumisantonin is, thus, not a true metabolic intermediate but an
      artifact.

PMID- 3690422
TI  - Acquisition of Salmonella flora by turtle hatchlings on commercial turtle farms.
AB  - A commercial turtle pond in South Louisiana was studied to identify the mechanism
      by which turtle hatchlings acquire Salmonella flora. The visceral organs and
      mature eggs removed from 31 adult gravid female turtles over the course of two
      egg-laying seasons and from 37 adult females during one winter dormant period
      were examined bacteriologically for Salmonella. Pond water, egg nest soil, and
      hatchlings produced by eggs removed from the oviducts and nest soil were also
      tested. Eighty-eight turtles hatched from eggs removed from the oviducts of 15
      turtles at necropsy did not excrete or harbor systemically Salmonella, nor were
      these pathogens isolated from ovarian tissue or immature eggs. The findings
      suggest transovarian transmission of these pathogens does not occur frequently.
      Turtles hatched from eggs retrieved from soil nests 1 to 2 h after deposition
      harbor and excrete these organisms. This result coupled with the isolation of
      these pathogens from the cloaca, colon contents, and bursal fluid from 18 females
      captured in the act of egg laying supports the cloaca to egg and nest soil to egg
      mode for salmonellae infection in the resultant hatchling. Salmonella arizonae
      and Salmonella serogroups B, C2, and E1 were isolated from the cloaca, colon
      contents, pond water, and nest soil, and were excreted by hatchlings produced
      from eggs removed from the soil nests. These same serogroups were isolated from
      the colon contents of 19 of 37 females tested during the dormant period,
      suggesting the salmonellae persist in the pond environment in the adult
      throughout the year.

PMID- 3690423
TI  - The ecological role of killer yeasts in natural communities of yeasts.
AB  - The killer phenomenon of yeasts was investigated in naturally occurring yeast
      communities. Yeast species from communities associated with the decaying stems
      and fruits of cactus and the slime fluxes of trees were studied for production of
      killer toxins and sensitivity to killer toxins produced by other yeasts. Yeasts
      found in decaying fruits showed the highest incidence of killing activity
      (30/112), while yeasts isolated from cactus necroses and tree fluxes showed lower
      activity (70/699 and 11/140, respectively). Cross-reaction studies indicated that
      few killer-sensitive interactions occur within the same habitat at a particular
      time and locality, but that killer-sensitive reactions occur more frequently
      among yeasts from different localities and habitats. The conditions that should
      be optimal for killer activity were found in fruits and young rots of Opuntia
      cladodes where the pH is low. The fruit habitat appears to favor the
      establishment of killer species. Killer toxin may affect the natural distribution
      of the killer yeast Pichia kluyveri and the sensitive yeast Cryptococcus
      cereanus. Their distributions indicate that the toxin produced by P. kluyveri
      limits the occurrence of Cr. cereanus in fruit and Opuntia pads. In general most
      communities have only one killer species. Sensitive strains are more widespread
      than killer strains and few species appear to be immune to all toxins. Genetic
      study of the killer yeast P. kluyveri indicates that the mode of inheritance of
      killer toxin production is nuclear and not cytoplasmic as is found in
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces lactis.

PMID- 3690424
TI  - Environmental pH as a factor in the competition between strains of the oral
      streptococci Streptococcus mutans, S. sanguis, and "S. mitior" growing in
      continuous culture.
AB  - Strains of Streptococcus mutans (biotype 1), Streptococcus sanguis, and
      Streptococcus mitior have been grown in mixed continuous culture in a semidefined
      medium under glucose limitation at a growth rate of D = 0.1 h-1. The effect of
      varying the environmental pH on the proportions of the different populations
      within the community has been determined. Initially the populations were allowed
      to reach steady state at pH 7.0 when S. sanguis was dominant with S. mutans and
      "S. mitior" maintaining similar populations. The medium pH was then lowered in
      steps of 0.5 pH units from pH 7.0 to 4.5, and the community was grown at each
      step for at least 15 generations. Viable counts of each species were made at 24-h
      intervals. The population ratios established at pH 7.0 remained relatively stable
      when the environmental pH was set at pH 6.5. However, after the medium pH was
      lowered to 6.0 (days 18-27), the population of S. mutans began to increase and
      the S. mitior population began to decline. A further change was seen at pH 5.5
      (days 27-34) when S. mutans became dominant, S. sanguis declined, and S. mitior
      was not detectable. At pH 4.5, both S. mutans and S. sanguis were reduced in
      numbers, but survived until the experimental run was terminated (44 days).
      Samples of culture fluid were taken throughout the experiment and analyzed for
      the presence of the acid products of glucose metabolism. The amounts of lactic
      acid produced by the community increased as the environmental pH was
      lowered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3690425
TI  - Determination of glucose level needed to induce aflatoxin production in
      Aspergillus parasiticus.
AB  - Previous studies have established that aflatoxin production is induced by high
      levels of glucose (or other compatible carbohydrates). However, the minimal
      amount of glucose needed to achieve this effect had not been determined.
      Aspergillus parasiticus was induced to produce aflatoxin when incubated for 18 h
      in the presence of greater than or equal to 0.1 M glucose before addition of
      cycloheximide. Toxin formation was not induced at any glucose concentration in
      the mycelia incubated for 8 h. These results suggest that aflatoxin synthesis
      would not be expected in substrate containing less than 0.1 M of a carbohydrate
      source.

PMID- 3690426
TI  - Amyloid angiopathy in Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - Thirty cases of Alzheimer's disease and 30 age-matched controls were studied to
      determine the incidence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy and its relationship to
      age, neuritic plaque formation, and amyloid plaque content. Cerebral amyloid
      angiopathy (CAA) was present in 86% of AD cases and 40% of age-matched controls.
      Its frequent occurrence in AD is not merely a reflection of the advancing age of
      this group: it was seen only in the presence of neuritic plaques, regardless of
      age, and represents an integral component of AD. Neuritic plaques however, did
      occur in the absence of CAA in 17% of all cases. The amount of vascular and
      plaque amyloid tended to be of comparable severity in many cases, but significant
      discrepancies were observed, with preferential deposition of amyloid in either
      plaque or vessel. Our results suggest that neuritic plaque formation and amyloid
      deposition are linked genetically or etiologically, but independently expressed,
      without a cause-and-effect relationship.

PMID- 3690427
TI  - Metabolic changes in cerebral gliomas within hours of treatment with intra
      arterial BCNU demonstrated by phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
AB  - A 40-year-old female with a recurrent mixed astrocytoma/oligodendroglioma was
      treated with intra-arterial BCNU at six week intervals. Phosphorus magnetic
      resonance spectroscopy was performed before, and on two occasions after her third
      treatment. Before treatment, phosphodiesters were 25% less than normal and
      intracellular pH was 7.14 (normal 6.97 +/- 0.02). Eight hours following treatment
      phosphocreatine and phosphodiesters were reduced by approximately 40% and pHi
      increased to 7.24. Thirty-two hours after treatment, phosphocreatine and
      phosphodiesters had reversed their decline, but pHi had increased further to
      7.35. MRI and x-ray CT scans did not show any change during this period. This
      study demonstrates that chemical changes can be observed in a glioma by magnetic
      resonance spectroscopy shortly after chemotherapy in a clinical setting and
      before changes are observable by imaging modalities. This approach evidently
      offers a possible means of monitoring the acute metabolic response of tumours to
      chemotherapy or other forms of treatment by a non-invasive repeatable
      quantitative method.

PMID- 3690428
TI  - [Peripheral neuropathy in severe mixed cryoglobulinemia syndrome].
AB  - A syndrome of polyneuropathy and cryoglobinemia is reported in a 76-year-old
      woman. Nerve biopsy showed severe demyelination and vascular involvement was
      demonstrated in a muscle biopsy. Peripheral neuropathy is discussed in the
      context of the Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome, associated with cryoglobins in the
      blood. Prompt treatment of this disease should be initiated and consists mainly
      of plasmapheresis.

PMID- 3690429
TI  - Asymmetric papilledema and visual loss in pseudotumour cerebri.
AB  - We report the case of a 26 year old obese woman who presented with intermittent
      headaches and blurred vision in her left eye (OS) and on clinical examination had
      an enlarged visual field blind spot OS with OS disc edema. After an extensive
      neurologic work up including two nondiagnostic lumbar punctures, a clinical
      diagnosis of OS anterior ischemic optic neuropathy was made. Gradual progression
      of visual field loss OS prompted reassessment of the diagnosis and intracranial
      pressure was confirmed to be markedly elevated by usage of a subarachnoid
      monitoring bolt, thus establishing the diagnosis of pseudotumour cerebri. An
      optic nerve sheath fenestration was performed OS with subsequent reversal of the
      progressive visual field loss.

PMID- 3690430
TI  - Attentional and perseverative impairment in two cases of familial fatal
      parkinsonism with cortical sparing.
AB  - The neuropsychological findings in twin brothers with familial fatal Parkinsonism
      are reported. Post-mortem examination had shown extensive pathology in basal
      ganglia and brainstem, but not in the cerebral cortex. Although both showed
      average intelligence three months prior to death, they had impairment on a
      sorting task and in serial attention span. Some possible neural mechanisms are
      discussed.

PMID- 3690431
TI  - Contrast enhancing lesions in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a
      clinicopathological correlation.
AB  - A 60 year old man with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) developed a subacute
      neurological illness associated with multiple contrast enhancing lesions on CT
      scan. At autopsy large demyelinating lesions characteristic of progressive
      multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) were found in the right cerebral hemisphere
      surrounded by a dense leukemic infiltrate. The areas of contrast enhancement,
      highly unusual for PML, coincided with the CLL infiltrate.

PMID- 3690432
TI  - Prolonged progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy without immunosuppression.
AB  - Atypical forms of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) may simulate
      other disorders. A previously healthy 70-year-old female developed unsteadiness
      of gait, dysarthria, dementia and weakness leading to inanition and death from
      bronchopneumonia over a 43 month period. The diagnosis of PML was not suspected
      prior to death. Neuropathologic examination of the brain disclosed characteristic
      findings of PML-deep bilateral cerebral demyelinative foci with enlarged
      gemistocytic astrocytes and swollen oligodendrocytes containing intranuclear
      inclusions. Electron microscopy identified papova virus particles within these
      inclusions. An underlying source of immunosuppression was not identified either
      premortem nor at the time of autopsy. The prolonged clinical course, simulating
      that of a primary degenerative disease, and the lack of apparent immunocompromise
      are unusual features of PML and lend credence to the suggestions that variations
      in its expression and course are to be expected.

PMID- 3690433
TI  - Variants of Guillain-Barre syndrome: Miller Fisher syndrome, facial diplegia and
      multiple cranial nerve palsies.
AB  - We report the experience at a large teaching hospital over a 10 year period with
      Miller Fisher Syndrome, facial diplegia, and multiple cranial nerve palsies. In
      these patients, absence of drowsiness on examination, normal cranial CT scans,
      albumino-cytological dissociation on CSF examination and slowing of nerve
      conduction, all suggest that a peripheral nerve dysfunction is the underlying
      mechanism. Pertinent literature is reviewed, in an attempt to separate these
      probable variants of Guillain-Barre Syndrome from brainstem encephalitis, with
      which they may be confused.

PMID- 3690434
TI  - Longitudinal multimodal evoked potential studies in abetalipoproteinaemia.
AB  - Recent studies have reported that in abetalipoproteinaemia patients high dose
      vitamin E therapy may arrest or improve the neurological syndrome. Five patients
      with abetalipoproteinaemia have been followed since 1982, when all were started
      on high dose vitamin E therapy. Auditory brainstem responses (ABR), visual evoked
      potentials (VEP), and sensory evoked potentials (SEP) were recorded every six to
      twelve months. The vitamin E levels stayed below normal range in all patients;
      the neurological status remained relatively stable in most of the patients over
      the four years. The ABRs were consistently normal in all patients over the period
      of study. The VEPs improved in one patient with introduction of vitamin E
      therapy, and remained stable in the others, one of whom always had abnormal VEPs.
      The cortical SEPs were abnormal in all but the least affected patient and
      fluctuated in the two patients who also demonstrated some deterioration in
      neurological status. These results suggest that serial assessments combining
      neurological and neurophysiological studies provide important information in the
      follow-up of patients with abetalipoproteinaemia and that the SEP is the evoked
      potential best suited for the detection of the neurological changes in this
      disorder.

PMID- 3690435
TI  - Hypoparathyroidism and pseudotumor cerebri: an infrequent clinical association.
AB  - We report a patient with chronic, untreated idiopathic hypoparathyroidism who
      presented with papilledema and progressive deterioration of visual function. The
      papilledema resolved with treatment of the hypocalcemia. Visual acuity
      progressively improved as the serum calcium rose during treatment with vitamin D
      and calcium supplements. Lumbar puncture may also have contributed to the
      normalization of cerebrospinal fluid pressure and recovery of vision in this
      patient. The association of hypoparathyroidism and pseudotumor cerebri is rare,
      and a retrospective review of 41 patients with hypoparathyroidism admitted to two
      local general hospitals revealed no other cases.

PMID- 3690437
TI  - Pathology of eosinophilic fasciitis and its relation to polymyositis.
AB  - The anatomical substrate of eosinophilic fasciitis (EF) was studied in 15 muscle
      biopsy specimens of this disease, six of which included the dermis and
      subcutaneous tissue. As controls, 94 postmortem muscle specimens from patients
      dying of non-muscular diseases were used. Of these 94 specimens, 22 (23.4%)
      showed practically no deep fascia and 72 specimens showed a single dense bundle
      of collagen with no distinction between deep fascia and epimysium. The 15
      specimens of EF showed thickening and inflammatory infiltration of varying
      degrees in the deep fascia, epimysium, perimysium, endomysium and also in muscle.
      We conclude that the anatomical substrate of EF is not confined to the deep
      fascia, but involves other structures including mysia and muscle itself. Most
      reported cases of EF in the literature do not even describe muscle. A comparative
      study of 15 biopsy specimens of polymyositis and dermatomyositis with those of EF
      revealed only quantitative differences in the histopathological changes of muscle
      and mysia, inflammatory infiltrate and eosinophilia. We suggest that the diseases
      are more closely related than previously recognized.

PMID- 3690436
TI  - Response of tardive and L-dopa-induced dyskinesias to antidepressants.
AB  - We report two patients with dyskinesia responding to antidepressants. The first
      is a 70-year-old man with depression, Parkinsonism and neuroleptic-induced
      tardive dyskinesia who presented with hysterical mutism. After recovery from the
      mutism, he was started on desipramine for depression. One week later the
      dyskinesia improved markedly. The second patient is a 61-year-old man with
      Parkinson's disease, dementia, depression and L-dopa-induced oro-lingual-facial
      dyskinesias. He was taking levodopa, trihexyphenydil and bromocriptine. The
      depression was treated first with desipramine and later with trazodone. The
      dyskinesia improved significantly on both drugs. The response of the dyskinesias
      to antidepressant medication may be due to the fact that antidepressants decrease
      beta-adrenoreceptor sensitivity and density which in turn may result in a
      diminished release of dopamine since beta-adrenoceptors mediate the noradrenaline
      stimulated release of dopamine.

PMID- 3690438
TI  - Graves' disease and subarachnoid hemorrhage: a possible familial association.
AB  - We report the occurrence of cerebral aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)
      in a family with Graves' disease (GD). Nine affected individuals across three
      generations have GD alone; three in the same generation have SAH without GD; and
      three others in the same sibship have both conditions. The familial association
      of GD and SAH has not been previously described. The occurrence of these
      disorders in individuals of the same family and their coexistence in the same
      individuals suggests a possible genetic determination for some cerebral aneurysms
      and may imply a genetic locus related to that of Graves' disease.

PMID- 3690439
TI  - Sensory discrimination and its relationship to the cerebral processing of
      infrequent stimuli.
AB  - We recorded cerebral evoked potentials, back and forward averaged from the EMG
      onset of the responding muscle, in three reaction time tasks, each requiring an
      identical motor response to an identical stimulus but differing in the nature of
      the sensory discrimination required. Two types of stimuli were presented: a rare
      one to which the subject responded with finger-extension, and a frequent one to
      which no response was required. We found a close but variable relationship
      between the cerebral events associated with performance of a task and the timing
      of the motor response. As completion of the discrimination process was delayed
      relative to stimulus occurrence, EMG activity began later relative to the
      cerebral potentials. Moreover, we were able to record these cerebral events only
      from the response to the rare (unexpected) stimulus and not when subjects were
      required to respond to the frequent stimulus, suggesting that the sensory
      discrimination, in these experiments, is an event that occurred only in the
      processing of the unexpected stimulus.

PMID- 3690441
TI  - Guidelines for the diagnosis of brain death.

PMID- 3690440
TI  - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: concepts in pathogenesis and etiology.
AB  - The ALS symposium in Vancouver was the first of its kind in Canada and was a
      contribution from both American and Canadian investigators. The main points
      presented were (1) a definition of what is truly ALS, in the clinical and
      pathological sense, based on what is called "classical" ALS: (2) how neurons may
      be cultured to provide a valuable experimental tool; (3) the significance of
      lipid abnormalities in ALS and the characterization of the ALS-like syndromes
      produced by hexosaminidase A deficiency; (4) the possible role of autoimmune
      disease as it may accompany classical ALS and nerve growth factor derived from
      skeletal muscle; (5) the western Pacific form of ALS as it has been intensely
      studied and has given rise to two hypotheses on pathogenesis: mineral toxicity
      caused by secondary hyperparathyroidism and poisoning through ingestion of the
      cycad seed, and (6) the possible abiotropic interaction of one or many
      environmental toxins over a lifetime with the aging nervous system, depleting it
      of its frail reserve of neurons.

PMID- 3690442
TI  - Understanding and promoting exercise: a social psychological perspective.

PMID- 3690443
TI  - Women, work and health: some challenges to health promotion.

PMID- 3690444
TI  - Health goals and the public health.

PMID- 3690445
TI  - Lead absorption by children living near a primary copper smelter.

PMID- 3690446
TI  - Calculation of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) by sex, weight, number of drinks
      and time.

PMID- 3690447
TI  - Risk of tuberculosis in Canada: implications for priorities in programs directed
      at specific groups.

PMID- 3690448
TI  - The evaluation of Child Care in the Home, St. John Ambulance.

PMID- 3690449
TI  - Hepatitis B immunization: effect of 4th and 5th injections following suboptimal
      seroconversion in health care workers.

PMID- 3690450
TI  - [Evaluation of the faithfulness in completing and using a medication record by
      elderly persons in the Montreal region].

PMID- 3690451
TI  - Oral health status and need for dental care among elderly in East York, Ontario
      collective residences--1985.

PMID- 3690452
TI  - Reliability of a lifestyle assessment using microcomputers.

PMID- 3690453
TI  - The Eastern Ontario Risk Factor Survey.

PMID- 3690454
TI  - Antibiotic multiresistance among coliforms isolated from the gut of swine and
      abattoir workers: evidence of transfer from animal to man.

PMID- 3690455
TI  - Survey of health and safety behaviour of potato farmers in Carleton County, New
      Brunswick.

PMID- 3690456
TI  - Evaluation of a personal health record given to newborns in Saskatoon.

PMID- 3690457
TI  - Re: A case against accreditation.

PMID- 3690458
TI  - Verapamil, a Ca2+ channel antagonist, accelerates the in vitro penetration of
      zona-free hamster eggs by human spermatozoa.
AB  - Human spermatozoa were preincubated for 3.5 h with various concentrations (0-100
      mumol/l) of verapamil, a Ca2+ channel antagonist, before they were mixed with
      zona-free hamster eggs. Control spermatozoa penetrated only 3% of the eggs,
      whereas the highest penetration (40.3%) was reached after preincubation with 100
      mumol/l verapamil. Thus, verapamil increases the ability of human spermatozoa to
      penetrate zona-free hamster eggs, possibly by an acceleration of the acrosome
      reaction. Although it has been established that the acrosome reaction requires
      the entry of extracellular Ca2+ into the spermatozoa, the Ca2+ ions do not seem
      to enter by means of Ca2+ channels.

PMID- 3690459
TI  - Failure of daily measurements of hCG in urine to demonstrate a high rate of early
      embryonic mortality.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay employing beta hCG antiserum and tracer and hCG standard was
      used in an attempt to detect transient luteal phase rises in hCG in urine as
      evidence of occult pregnancy loss. It was found that the assay lacked specificity
      and detected 'hCG' surges at midcycle which were not confirmed using a more
      specific monoclonal antibody based immunoradiometric assay. Measurements on first
      morning urine samples across midcycle and throughout the luteal phase in 65
      cycles from 36 women attempting to conceive revealed no evidence of transient hCG
      production in the 56 cycles which did not go on to a clinical pregnancy.

PMID- 3690460
TI  - Stress in IVF workers.
AB  - Workers in new and personally exacting health services face particular challenges
      which are not evident in more traditional areas. IVF workers are involved in such
      an innovative service. Their perception of workplace stressors has not previously
      been addressed in the literature. Fifty-nine IVF workers and 32 non-IVF workers
      (in routine obstetrics and gynaecology) completed a battery of standardized
      psychological questionnaires on the symptomatology of stress and in addition
      answered questions on workplace problems and work satisfaction. Reported stress
      was highest among scientific/technical workers who varied significantly from the
      control group scores. IVF medical staff showed elevated stress scores, but were
      not significantly separated from controls, except on state anxiety. Work
      satisfaction scores were generally high for all IVF professions, except for pay
      and promotion satisfaction scores which were depressed among nurses and
      scientific/technical staff. It was concluded that this initial survey had
      revealed important information about the impact of a new scientific and clinical
      enterprise upon staff and should promote closer examination of the reasons for
      such reported stress.

PMID- 3690461
TI  - Sperm morphology: consistency of assessment of the same sperm by different
      observers.
AB  - Photographic slides of 36 sperm were shown to a group of 28 observers with
      different lengths of experience in assessing sperm morphology. Experienced
      observers were generally consistent (10 or more of the 17 agreeing) in
      classifying sperm as normal, amorphous, small heads, lacking acrosomes, and
      having tail defects or cytoplasmic droplets but categorization was more variable
      for large, tapering and pyriform heads. This study highlights the need for more
      widespread agreement about definition of sperm shapes and the development of
      practical objective methods of assessment.

PMID- 3690462
TI  - Patterns of human seminal plasma proteins on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
AB  - Seminal plasma proteins were separated by sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis and the patterns for different conditions compared by
      densitometry. The changes in pattern with time after ejaculation because of
      proteolysis could be largely prevented by addition of bacitracin. Patterns were
      similar within the one man and little influenced by duration of abstinence from
      ejaculation. There were marked variations in pattern between individuals and no
      specific differences could be detected between samples from men with normal semen
      analyses, vasectomy, or azoospermia from seminiferous tubule failure. However,
      there were distinct patterns with congenital absence of the vasa and seminal
      vesicles and with androgen deficiency. Methods for identification of testicular
      and epididymal proteins in semen would expand the clinical usefulness of
      examination of seminal plasma proteins.

PMID- 3690463
TI  - Use of the heterologous ovum penetration test to predict the fertilising capacity
      of human spermatozoa.
AB  - The ability of human spermatozoa to penetrate zona-free hamster ova in a
      heterologous ovum penetration (HOP) test was compared with the fertilisation of
      human oocytes in 54 normospermic couples. Concordant results were seen in 45/54
      (83%) cases. However, false-positive HOP test results occurred in 5/45 (11%)
      couples and false-negative results in 4/9 (44%) couples. The data suggest that a
      positive HOP test result is a good indication that fertilisation will occur,
      although a negative HOP test result does not necessarily mean that fertilisation
      will not take place.

PMID- 3690464
TI  - Non-medical selection criteria for artificial insemination and adoption.
AB  - A survey of Canadian providers of AID was conducted, along with a parallel survey
      of adoption workers. The questionnaire focused upon non-medical criteria for
      patient acceptance (for AID and adoption), including acceptance/rejection of
      single, lesbian, and common-law women, those economically or mentally unable to
      support children, and those who themselves have or whose partners have criminal
      records. Further questions concerned decision-making in patient selection,
      referral of unacceptable patients elsewhere, and the influence if any of legal
      advice. Most characteristics reflect great disagreement and lack of consensus
      within the profession. Attitudes towards characteristics may be influenced by the
      size and form (university vs private) of the practice, as well as by experience
      with patients with those characteristics. Systematic differences between AID and
      adoption providers are detailed and explored, as are implications of the study
      for the development of bioethical thinking and policy making.

PMID- 3690465
TI  - Analysis of the time of day of onset of menstruation.
AB  - The exact time of day of onset of menstruation was studied in 86 women over 4-6
      cycles. Detailed information on the time of retiring the previous night, time of
      rising in the morning, time of onset of premenstrual spotting and time of onset
      of any menstrual cramps was obtained from 48 of these women. A significantly
      greater number of cycles (70.4%) commenced during the night or in the first 4 h
      after rising, compared with later in the day. In a large proportion of these (29
      out of 76), blood was noted to be present on waking, menstruation thus having
      begun at some time during the hours of sleep. Premenstrual spotting of greater
      than 3 h duration was more common than expected and was noted by 67% of women.
      Onset of menstrual cramps was fairly evenly distributed closely either side of
      commencement of menstruation proper in the 50% of women who experienced them. In
      only 13% of women studied did bleeding commence within the same 3-hour time
      interval in each of four cycles, and almost 50% demonstrated a very wide
      variation with onset at almost any time of day.

PMID- 3690467
TI  - Problem with AIDS in Philadelphia.

PMID- 3690466
TI  - Mild endometriosis and infertility--to treat or not to treat?

PMID- 3690468
TI  - Characteristics of well adjusted adolescents.
AB  - In a community sample of 150 adolescents 14-16 years old, 25 (16.7%) were found
      to be well adjusted on the basis of structured interviews with the youths and
      their parents. The personalities of these subjects were found to be different and
      their self-concepts better than those of the remaining sample. The well adjusted
      adolescents described their parents as more caring and reported a larger number
      of social support systems than did the controls. The direct significance of these
      findings, as well as more subtle ramifications for the mental health
      professional, is discussed.

PMID- 3690469
TI  - Relating Axes IV and V of DSM-III to clinical severity of psychiatric disorders.
AB  - This study examined DSM-III Axes IV and V scores and their ratio among patients
      in different psychiatric treatment settings. Inpatients' scores and ratios were
      worse than those of outpatients; longer-term inpatients' scores and ratios were
      worse than those of shorter-term ones; and chronically ill state hospital
      inpatients' were the worst.

PMID- 3690470
TI  - Characteristics of schizophrenic patients and the outcome of fluphenazine and of
      electroconvulsive treatments.
AB  - We examined the outcome with fluphenazine treatment and ECT in a group of 120
      patients according to the incidence of psychopathological symptoms, the patients'
      status on a variety of sociodemographic and anamnestic variables, and their
      diagnoses according to 13 systems for diagnosing schizophrenia. All had
      previously been considered to be schizophrenic patients at least once in hospital
      settings. The outcome with fluphenazine was better in patients with passivity
      feelings, auditory hallucinations and other hallucinations and delusions. The
      outcome with patients who had ECT, as judged from the hospital files, was better
      in those who were preoccupied with delusions or hallucinations and less
      successful in those who had been diagnosed as having schizophrenia on the first
      previous occasion when they had been discharged from the hospital.

PMID- 3690471
TI  - A critique of the principles of the Young Offenders Act.
AB  - A unique feature of the Young Offenders Act is a section on the Principles of the
      Act. The principles clearly focus on the responsibility of young offenders, their
      legal rights, and the protection of society. The focus on the due process of the
      law is a welcome addition to the Juvenile Justice system. However, these
      principles do not recognize any other rights for adolescents, downgrade the
      importance of their needs, and do not take into account the cognitive,
      psychological and social functioning of adolescents. In addition, the principles
      implicitly reverse those important principles that have guided our society and
      the clinical process for more than a century; namely, a shift from a "therapeutic
      state" to a "legalistic state", the roles of institutions in our society, and the
      adultomorphization of adolescence.

PMID- 3690472
TI  - The review panel process: interpretation of the findings and recommendations.
AB  - In a series of three studies, the present authors and others in this research
      group have examined the Review Panel process: (a) before the hearing (which
      patients apply for a hearing?); (b) at the hearing (how do the patients released
      by the Panel differ from those retained by the Panel and; (c) after the hearing,
      how are the Panel-released patients faring one and two years after being released
      by the Panel, compared to patients released by the attending psychiatrist?) In
      the present paper, the findings of these three studies are summarized and an
      attempt is made to explain the findings, some of which are surprising (for
      example, the 35% disagreement between Panel and attending physician with respect
      to suitability for discharge and the finding that Panel-released patients survive
      as long in the community as do physician-discharged patients). Based on the
      findings and the interpretation placed on them, the authors make a series of
      recommendations with respect to the operation of Panels, the management of
      defiant involuntary patients and future research in this area.

PMID- 3690473
TI  - Controlled follow-up of patients released by a review panel at one and two years
      after separation.
AB  - Fifty patients released by the Review Panel are compared with a matched group of
      50 patients discharged by the attending physician at one and at two years after
      separation from hospital. The two groups did not differ with respect to
      readmission rate or time spent in the community. At two years the physician
      discharged patients were functioning better than the Panel-discharged patients in
      two of the seven areas of functioning; in the other five areas of functioning the
      adjustment of the two groups did not differ. The implications of these findings
      for the operation of the Review Panel and for the timely discharge of involuntary
      patients by attending physicians is discussed.

PMID- 3690474
TI  - [Identifying mental health service needs of persons with schizophrenia].
AB  - The present study aimed to identify the needs and describe the use of twenty
      mental health services in a population of chronic schizophrenic patients living
      in two regions in Quebec (Estrie and Centre-Sud). An attempt was also made to
      determine the principal reasons for which some services were not being used when
      they were identified as clinically required. The population considered was
      composed of the patients (N = 88) who had been discharged from the psychiatric
      care units of five general hospitals over a period of five months in 1982, and
      for whom the attending psychiatrist could confirm with certainty a diagnosis of
      chronic schizophrenia in accordance with the criteria of DSM-III. Medical files
      of these patients were reviewed, and the patients and psychiatrists themselves
      were interviewed separately regarding the patients' needs and use of twenty
      mental health services over the period from the seventh to the twelfth month
      after discharge from hospital. Results of the study show that services which were
      most often identified as clinically required were: 1) taking of neuroleptics, 2)
      organization of leisure activities, 3) case management, and 4) individual
      supportive therapy. At the same time, results indicate a poor fit between needs
      and use for most of rehabilitation and psychosocial services. The main reasons
      for non-use of services which were identified as clinically required are also
      presented. The implications of these results for the organization of mental
      health services for persons suffering from chronic schizophrenia are discussed,
      especially the importance of case management services.

PMID- 3690475
TI  - A possible case of Asperger's syndrome.
AB  - Asperger's syndrome is an autistic-like disorder, probably neuropsychiatric in
      character, which fits with DSM-III criteria for Atypical Pervasive Development
      Disorder. Because the abnormality is less pervasive than Autistic Disorder, it
      may be misdiagnosed as Personality Disorder in the adolescent, and the author
      presents an illustrative case in this respect. The condition is sometimes
      associated with Tourette's Syndrome, though not in this particular patient.
      Treatment remains speculative.

PMID- 3690476
TI  - Thyroid hormone levels in panic disorder.
AB  - A history of thyroid dysfunction has been reported in patients with phobic
      disorders. There is also evidence of a blunted TSH response to TRH stimulation in
      patients with panic disorder. In this study, values of T3, T4 and T7 were
      compared between 26 patients with panic attacks and 20 normal controls. Patients
      were diagnosed according to DSM-III criteria and those with a clinical history of
      thyroid dysfunction were excluded. Patients were not on any medication when the
      blood samples were drawn. The mean values of T3, T4 and T7 did not significantly
      differ between the two groups, suggesting no evidence of hypo or hyperthyroidism;
      however, the variance of distribution of T3, T4 and T7 values was significantly
      different between the two groups (Fmax values for T3: 2.55, p value less than
      0.05; T4: 3.15, p value less than 0.01; T7: 2.55, p value less than 0.05).

PMID- 3690478
TI  - Psychiatric training and the trainee--is there a fit?

PMID- 3690477
TI  - Canadian Psychiatric Association guidelines in relating to the pharmaceutical
      industry.

PMID- 3690479
TI  - Use of DST in a depressed patient with mixed aphasia.

PMID- 3690480
TI  - Folie a deux in the aged.

PMID- 3690481
TI  - Presidential address. Psychiatry today: the human dimensions.
AB  - Psychiatry finds itself today at the crossroads where science and humanism
      intersect. The history of our specialty includes some ignominious aspects, and
      many that are noble. Fear and loathing toward the depreciated imbecile and
      lunatic had at first to be overcome, and they were, and a humane and empathetic
      approach to patients eventuated. More than sympathy was called for--understanding
      was needed, and the methods of science have led to considerable such
      understanding: of causes, of syndromes, and of the efficacy of treatments.
      Effective therapies have permitted the extrapolation of humane treatment, so that
      many fewer patients require institutional care. Because of our desire to find
      simple, comprehensive and fully effective cures, and because of the tendency of
      the human mind to engage in wishful thinking, we have gone too far down several
      dead-end streets. We thought at one time that intensive, frequent, deep
      psychotherapy (including psychoanalysis) could correct or cure all ills, and we
      overprescribed that treatment to the detriment of some of our patients. We have
      learned that therein lies no panacea. We came to believe that hospitals caused
      more of the problems than they did in fact cause, and that it should be possible
      to treat all disorders within the community. As a result, we have disassembled
      some of our excellent institutions, for which there is still some need. At the
      same time, we have left too unprotected many of those who still require safe
      asylum, to their great disadvantage and to our public shame.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3690482
TI  - Women in academic psychiatry in Canada.
AB  - A comparison of numbers of women psychiatrists with faculty appointments and
      women residents in Departments of Psychiatry in Canada in 1975 and 1985 showed
      that the average percentage of women faculty has increased from 11.4% to 14.3%
      and of women residents from 23.5% to 43.4%. Some departments appeared to be
      oblivious to the special educational role of women faculty and had not discussed
      the discrepancy between the numbers of faculty and residents. Only two
      departments were actively recruiting women faculty. The study also demonstrated a
      continued concentration of women in the lower ranks. Barriers to recruiting women
      faculty include lack of academic role models, job advertising not specifically
      designed to attract women candidates, rigid requirements for appointments,
      women's lack of access to male corridors of power, pervasive underlying doubts
      about women's abilities and competence based on cultural stereotypes, female
      socialization which does not lend itself readily to roles of authority,
      assertiveness and leadership, and the role strain that ensues when women
      psychiatrists try to combine career, marriage and motherhood. If women
      psychiatrists are to fill some of the positions in Departments of Psychiatry,
      which will fall vacant over the next decade, much more attention must be paid to
      eliminating or diminishing the multiple obstacles for women who chose a career in
      academic psychiatry.

PMID- 3690483
TI  - The transfer syndrome.
AB  - Both patients and psychiatric residents are seen to exhibit symptoms as the end
      of the resident's job rotation approaches and the need arises to transfer the
      patient's care to a new therapist. These symptoms, collectively known as the
      "Transfer Syndrome", are examined. An approach to modify these problems is
      outlined. Finally, the need for repeated transfers of individual patients between
      psychiatric residents is reviewed in the light of educational necessities.

PMID- 3690484
TI  - Language delay and hyperactivity in preschoolers: evidence for a distinct
      subgroup of hyperactives.
AB  - The possibility of a separate subgroup of language-delayed hyperactive
      preschoolers was explored. Cognitive and demographic variables of a series of
      cases at the Royal Ottawa Hospital Preschool Program were examined. A group of
      language-delayed hyperactive preschoolers was compared with a non-language
      delayed group of hyperactives and a non-hyperactive clinical comparison group.
      Significant differences between the language-delayed hyperactives and the two
      comparison groups were found on such variables as IQ, expressive language,
      receptive language, and visual-motor integration. The evidence presented supports
      the possibility of a separate subgroup of hyperactive preschoolers with language
      delay and hyperactivity. The implications for both practice and theory are
      discussed and suggestions are made for further research.

PMID- 3690485
TI  - A case of atypical psychosis associated with alexithymia and a left fronto
      temporal lesion: possible correlations.
AB  - The case history is presented of a man with an atypical psychosis and classical
      clinical features of alexithymia. On his last admission, the patient presented
      with starvation and hypernatremic coma. A CT scan, which was done because of the
      coma, revealed a large left fronto-temporal arachnoid cyst. The significance of
      this finding is reviewed in the light of previously suggested organic bases for
      alexithymia and related syndromes. Although the symptom of alexithymia is
      present, the patient's other symptoms do not fit readily into existing diagnostic
      categories and the resulting diagnostic dilemma is discussed.

PMID- 3690486
TI  - Cyclothymic disorder and bromocriptine: predisposing factors for postpartum
      mania?
AB  - Women are most susceptible to psychotic reactions during the postpartum period, a
      time of intense psychological and physiological stress. Mania and depression are
      particularly common at this time, especially in women with past or family
      histories of major or minor affective disorders, specifically cyclothymia and
      dysthymia. Close attention after childbirth is warranted to alleviate and prevent
      these episodes in such women. Sympathomimetic drugs such as bromocriptine and the
      over-the-counter diet aids, which are linked to the induction of manic episodes,
      are frequently used in the puerperal period and may act as catalysts. This case
      report documents a postpartum manic episode in a cyclothymic woman who was
      prescribed bromocriptine, a dopamine agonist, for prevention of lactation.

PMID- 3690487
TI  - Manic-like reaction induced by lorazepam withdrawal.
AB  - The benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms are presented here. The psychotic
      reactions to benzodiazepine withdrawal are seldom described in the literature. We
      report a case of acute manic-like reaction induced by sudden lorazepam
      withdrawal. The sudden release of catecholamines following abrupt cessation of
      short half-life benzodiazepine is suggested as underlying mechanism for such
      reaction.

PMID- 3690488
TI  - [Quebec law on the protection of mentally ill patients: desirable modifications].

PMID- 3690489
TI  - Belegaled: mental health and the law in the United States, 1986.
AB  - Kenneth Gray, an attorney as well as a psychiatrist, was the leader in the
      development of law and psychiatry in Canada prior to his death in 1970. He lived
      during the post WWII years which saw a phenomenal growth of psychiatry as well as
      the beginnings of the modern era of a renewed concern for human rights. This
      later concern has caused the belegalment of many areas of psychiatric practice.
      Kenneth Gray would have to learn a new set of rules for commitment, the use of
      ECT and informed consent. He would discover that a patient has a right to
      treatment that must be buttressed by an individual treatment plan. He would
      discover that a committed patient has a right to refuse treatment and that some
      courts in the United States have said that anti-psychotic medications are mind
      altering and thus an invasion of the patients 1st amendment rights. He would see
      untreated refusing patients languishing in the hospital or the homeless mentally
      ill on the streets because of restrictive commitment laws. As an attorney he
      would also be concerned about the proposed solution to the homeless, outpatient
      commitment. He certainly would have been impressed with some of the recent
      decisions in the United States on our duty to warn or protect known and unknown
      victims. Seeing patients' advocates on the hospital wards would be a real
      surprise to him. These controls on the practice of psychiatry for the protection
      of our patients cut both ways. Dr. Gray's medical/legal education would be tested
      to its full.

PMID- 3690490
TI  - Shock therapy of another kind.

PMID- 3690491
TI  - Psychological factors in the choice of psychiatry as a career.

PMID- 3690492
TI  - Achieving health for all: a framework for health promotion.

PMID- 3690493
TI  - Survival up North.

PMID- 3690494
TI  - Community health nursing.

PMID- 3690495
TI  - Foot care.

PMID- 3690496
TI  - Health promotion with immigrant women: a model for success.

PMID- 3690497
TI  - Home and school visits by the burn unit nurse.

PMID- 3690498
TI  - [The violated woman].

PMID- 3690499
TI  - [Human sexuality: a dimension of nursing care].

PMID- 3690500
TI  - Effects of vitamin E, vitamin B2 and selenite on DNA single strand breaks induced
      by sodium chromate (VI).
AB  - The effects of vitamin E, vitamin B2 and selenite on DNA single strand breaks
      induced by Na2CrO4 were examined by alkaline elution. Incubation of Chinese
      hamster V-79 cells with alpha-tocopherol succinate (vitamin E) for 24 h prior to
      exposure to Na2CrO4 resulted in a decrease of DNA breaks produced by this
      compound. However, similar pretreatment with riboflavin (vitamin B2) or Na2SeO3
      resulted in an enhanced formation of breaks induced by Na2CrO4. Pretreatment with
      Na2SeO3 resulted in increased levels of glutathione in these cells while levels
      of glutathione remained the same with vitamin E or vitamin B2. These results
      suggest that Na2CrO4 induced DNA breaks appear to be mediated by the formation of
      free radicals and/or cellular reductive metabolism.

PMID- 3690501
TI  - Photodynamic therapy of spontaneous animal tumors using the active component of
      hematoporphyrin derivative (DHE) as photosensitizing drug: clinical results.
AB  - Photodynamic therapy was performed on 25 primary spontaneous tumors in dogs and
      cats. The animals were injected with 2.5 mg/kg body wt. of tumor localizing
      fraction of hematoporphyrin derivative and treated 48 h later with laser light at
      631 nm. In 5 cases the treatment was performed on the tumor bed after surgical
      excision of the tumor mass. An evaluation of clinical results is presented and
      discussed. Complete remission was obtained in 19 cases and partial remission in 6
      cases.

PMID- 3690502
TI  - A CHO cell line resistant to deoxycholic acid.
AB  - Spontaneous mutants resistant to deoxycholic acid (DCA) have been selected from a
      CHO cell line AuxBl. One of the colonies or 'lines' selected was subsequently
      mutagenized by ethylmethanesulfonate (250 micrograms/ml) and a more resistant
      cell, named alpha 3, has been selected. When AuxBl and alpha 3 were exposed to
      graded concentrations of DCA for 1 h, the LD50 for the mutant strain alpha 3 was
      0.66 mM compared to 0.26 mM for the parental line. AuxBl. alpha 3 showed a cross
      resistance compared to AuxBl with respect to cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic
      acid and to other acidic lipids such as linoleic and oleic acids. As an initial
      step in characterization of the cell lines, the amounts of different
      phospholipids from whole cell extracts of the parental and mutant strains have
      been measured after thin-layer chromatography (TLC) separation. The results
      obtained demonstrated that the fraction of sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine
      over the total phospholipids was slightly increased in the resistant cell line,
      alpha 3, compared to the parental line, AuxBl (54.9% +/- 1.04 compared to 51.2%
      +/- 0.3, P = 0.01). Further characterization of cell lines resistant to bile
      acids could lead to the identification of the cellular target of bile acid
      action.

PMID- 3690503
TI  - The relationship between membrane permeability to adriamycin and adriamycin
      cytotoxicity in CHO cells at elevated temperatures.
AB  - The cytotoxicity of adriamycin at elevated temperatures was studied in CHO cells
      in vitro using a clonogenic assay. There is a significant increase in the
      cytotoxicity of adriamycin at temperatures which are not lethal to mammalian
      cells (38 degrees C-42 degrees C). The uptake of [14C]adriamycin was studied in
      similar conditions to determine whether the thermal enhancement of adriamycin
      cytotoxicity was due to an increase in membrane permeability. Although measurable
      increases in adriamycin uptake occur in the elevated but non-lethal temperature
      range, they are insufficient to explain the observed increase in cytotoxicity.

PMID- 3690504
TI  - A simple quantitative assay for studying the invasive potential of high and low
      human metastatic variants.
AB  - This paper presents a more reliable model for studying the extent of tumor cell
      migration and invasion in vitro. Polycarbonate filters were uniformly coated with
      a reconstituted basement membrane material and allowed to dry; each filter
      measured 0.035 mm in thickness when hydrated with media. Subsequently, the
      membrane-coated filters were suspended in Membrane Invasion Culture System (MICS)
      chambers, and high (A375M) and low (A375P) metastatic variants of human melanoma
      cells were seeded onto the membranes and allowed to incubate for 3 days. At the
      end of this period, cells were examined morphologically, and the invasive cells
      of both metastatic variants were collected, stained and counted microscopically.
      The tumor cells could be seen attached to the reconstituted basement membrane,
      buried within it, and forming colony-like aggregates in the matrix. It was
      determined that approximately twice as many A375M cells invaded the artificial
      biological matrix compared with the A375P cells (P less than 0.0005).
      Substantially more cells from each variant invaded uncoated polycarbonate
      filters, thus indicating the selective barrier imposed by the Matrigel. The
      utilization of such a reconstituted matrix for in vitro invasion studies allows
      one the opportunity to examine tumor cell attachment, migration and invasion of a
      uniform matrix over an extended period of time.

PMID- 3690505
TI  - Association of persistent peroxisome proliferation and oxidative injury with
      hepatocarcinogenicity in female F-344 rats fed di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate for 2
      years.
AB  - Female F-344 rats were fed a diet containing up to 1.2% di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
      (DEHP) for 2 years, which previously resulted in hepatocarcinogenesis under
      bioassay conditions. Peroxisome proliferation, decreased glutathione peroxidase
      activity, and lipofuscin accumulation were all associated with prolonged feeding
      of 1.2% DEHP and induction of hepatic neoplasia. These results establish a
      potential role for persistent peroxisome proliferation and oxidative injury in
      the hepatocarcinogenicity of dietary DEHP. Increased hepatocellular proliferation
      and hepatomegaly were not detected. DEHP feeding did not increase the volume
      density of basophilic or ATPase-deficient foci of altered hepatocytes, suggesting
      that these lesions are not suitable indicators of DEHP carcinogenesis.

PMID- 3690506
TI  - Sapintoxin A. A fluorescent phorbol ester that is a potent activator of protein
      kinase C but is not a tumour promoter.
AB  - In this communication we report on the activity of the naturally occurring,
      highly fluorescent phorbol ester Sapintoxin A (12-o-[2-methylaminobenzoate]-4
      deoxyphorbol 13-acetate). This compound potently activates the enzyme protein
      kinase C (PKC) (Ka 76 nM) but is neither a complete nor second-stage tumour
      promoter in traditional Berenblum tests. Sapintoxin A has properties in common
      with promoters such as 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) in that it will
      induce erythema in vivo, induce lymphocyte mitogenesis in vitro and cause
      aggregation of human and rabbit platelets. Accordingly, Sapintoxin A is a
      suitable negative control compound for biochemical studies concerning the
      involvement of PKC in tumour promotion and cell proliferation.

PMID- 3690507
TI  - Comparison of chrysene metabolism in epithelial human bronchial and Syrian
      hamster lung cells.
AB  - Chrysene is metabolized to 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-hydroxychrysene and trans-1,2- as
      well as trans-3,4-dihydroxydihydrochrysene in human and Syrian hamster epithelial
      lung cells as indicated by GC/MS analysis, whereas K-region oxidation is at most
      a very minor pathway. Cells of a permanent clonal line of fetal hamster lung
      metabolized 97% of the chrysene whereas fetal human bronchial epithelial cells
      converted 24% of the substrate within 8 days incubation. In human cells oxidation
      at the 3,4-position predominates, whereas oxidation at the 1,2-position is the
      major pathway in hamster cells. Indication for a bay-region oxidation of chrysene
      in hamster cells has been obtained.

PMID- 3690508
TI  - Stimulation of DNA replication in rat esophagus and stomach by the trichothecene
      mycotoxin diacetoxyscirpenol.
AB  - Consumption by man of cereals contaminated by high levels of Fusaria mycotoxins
      has caused alimentary toxic aleukia, while chronic consumption at lower levels of
      contamination has been implicated in esophageal cancer in China and South Africa.
      Dietary treatment of animals with extracts of Fusaria cultures or with the
      trichothecene diacetoxyscirpenol (DS) caused esophageal hyperplasia but not
      cancer. The explanation could be that esophageal cancer is initiated by other
      factors, possibly by nitrosamines, and that Fusaria mycotoxins act either as co
      carcinogens or as promoters as a result of their ability to stimulate cell
      replication. The effect of DS on replication in esophagus was therefore studied.
      As squamous stomach has a very similar histological structure to esophagus, the
      effect of DS on stomach was studied also. A high dose of DS given by gavage was
      shown by the bromodeoxyuridine-antibody technique to increase DNA replication in
      the basal cells of the esophagus and of the squamous and glandular stomach. For
      stomach, this correlated with an increased incorporation of tritiated thymidine
      into DNA, and an increase in ornithine decarboxylase activity. These effects had
      returned to normal by 7 days. The increased replication was apparently not a
      result of cell damage and restorative hyperplasia. It is suggested that, as has
      been proposed recently for butylated hydroxyanisole, DS may enhance
      carcinogenesis when exposure is sufficient to stimulate cell replication. This
      contrasts with the non-threshold action of initiating carcinogens. For man, acute
      exposure to the critical dose of DS probably occurs only under exceptional
      circumstances, as during outbreaks of alimentary toxic aleukia. Prolonged
      exposure to lower dose levels is more likely to be relevant.

PMID- 3690509
TI  - In vivo induction of tumor variants by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate.
AB  - Malignant cells within solid tumors commonly exhibit phenotypic changes such as
      alterations in karyotype and acquisition of the ability to invade and to
      metastasize. We have used a fibrosarcoma, grown subcutaneously in C57BL/6 mice,
      to study the mechanisms underlying this phenotypic instability. Tumor-bearing
      animals were injected with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and then the tumors
      were transplanted to animals without further PMA treatment. These tumor cells
      were tum+, that is, unlike the parental tumors, they were able to grow in animals
      immunized against the parental tumors. This property was maintained for at least
      6 tumor passages after the initial PMA injections. Thus, PMA appears to be able
      to induce an unstable tum+ phenotype in these cells at relatively high frequency.

PMID- 3690510
TI  - Mechanism of uptake of sulfonated metallophthalocyanines by cultured mammalian
      cells.
AB  - The uptake of several metallophthalocyanine tetrasulfonates by cultured Chinese
      hamster cells was studied. Uranyl- and chloraluminium were taken up at the
      highest rate followed by Ni-, Zn-, Cu-, Co- and dichlorosilicon-phthalocyanine
      tetrasulfonate. The uptake from the growth medium containing 10% serum in which
      only 15% of the dye is not bound to serum proteins was 5--18-fold slower than in
      the absence of serum, suggesting that most of the uptake is of free dye. Using
      gel filtration to separate tightly protein-bound dye from the free dye, binding
      curves were constructed that varied in slope and saturation values for the
      different compounds. At saturation, the number of dye molecules bound per serum
      albumin molecule varied from 1 for vanadyl- and cobalt-, to 4 for uranyl
      phthalocyanine tetrsulfonate. Absorption spectra of the various phthalocyanines
      indicated that under physiological conditions, all dyes, with the exception of
      chloroaluminum- and dichlorosilicon-phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate, were
      aggregated. The rate of uptake was unrelated to the state of aggregation. The
      rate of uptake was temperature dependent at intervals longer than 1 h. At shorter
      times, very little temperature dependence was observed. These results suggest
      that the uptake process takes place in two steps. The first step is passive,
      involving binding of metallophthalocyanine tetrasulfonate to a receptor on the
      cell membrane, while the second one is active and involves internalization of the
      bound dye.

PMID- 3690511
TI  - Antitumor activity via inhibition of glycosphingolipid biosynthesis.
AB  - The production by cancer cells of glycolipids, perhaps derived partly from host
      glycolipids, may play essential roles in malignancy, tumor growth, immunity from
      host immunodefense, and metastasis. The glycolipids are derived from the primary
      glycolipid, glucosylceramide (GlcCer), which is formed enzymatically from
      ceramide and uridine diphosphoglucose (UDP-glu). Injection of an inhibitor of
      this enzyme into mice bearing intraperitoneal Ehrlich ascites tumor cells (EATC)
      resulted in complete cure of about 30% of the mice and marked prolongation of
      life in the remainder. Almost all of the surviving mice were immune to a second
      inoculation of EATC. Injection of GlcCer stimulated cancer cell growth about 50%
      but this was largely reversed by the inhibitor. This type of inhibitor may have
      wide application to cancer chemotherapy.

PMID- 3690512
TI  - Inversion of enantioselectivity in glutathione conjugation of 9,10
      dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene 7,8-oxide in hepatic cytosol of rats following induction of
      hepatic hyperplastic nodules by chemical carcinogens.
AB  - Enantiomers of 9,10-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene 7,8-oxide (DBPO) were stereoselectivity
      conjugated with glutathione (GSH) specifically at benzylic carbon (C7) in normal
      Sprague--Dawley (SD) rat liver cytosol: (7R,8S)-(+)- greater than (7S,8R)-(-)
      DBPOs. In contrast, in liver cytosol of SD rats bearing hepatic hyperplastic
      nodules induced with chemical carcinogens, (7S,8R)-(-)-DBPO was preferentially
      conjugated with GSH to (7R,8S)-(+)-DBPO. GSH S-transferases (GSTs) having sub
      unit protein 4 were strongly suggested to play an important role in the
      preferential conjugation of (7R,8S)-(+)-DBPO in the normal rat liver cytosol,
      while the preferential conjugation of (7S,8R)-(-)-DBPO in the liver cytosol of
      the rat bearing hepatic hyperplastic nodules, was most likely to be attributable
      to GST 7-7, a characteristically induced protein in the hepatic hyperplastic
      nodules.

PMID- 3690513
TI  - DNA binding of 4,4'-methylene-bis(2-chloroaniline) (MOCA) in explant cultures of
      human and dog bladder.
AB  - The binding to DNA of 4,4'-methylene-bis(2-chloroaniline) (MOCA) in explant
      cultures of human and dog bladder was compared. The DNA binding of MOCA in both
      human and dog bladder explants increased with the concentration of MOCA in the
      medium. In both species, there appeared to be a population with high DNA binding
      activity and another with low DNA binding activity. Furthermore, the binding of
      MOCA to human bladder DNA appeared to be higher than to dog bladder DNA. The
      results indicate the potential of MOCA to induce genetic damage in human bladder
      and suggest caution in the occupational exposure of humans to this chemical.

PMID- 3690514
TI  - Initiating potential of 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide (AF-2),
      butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and 3,3',4',5,7
      pentahydroxyflavone (quercetin) in two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis.
AB  - Tumor initiating activity of 3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone (quercetin),
      butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and 2-(2-furyl)-3
      (5-nitro-2-furyl) (AF-2) acrylamide) were tested in a two-stage mouse skin
      carcinogenesis model using 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) as a
      promoter. These compounds dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide were topically applied
      twice weekly for 5 weeks on the dorsal skin, and then followed by TPA for 47
      weeks. The total initiating dose was 100 mg for each compound. 7,12
      Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) at a total dose of 100 micrograms was used as a
      positive control compound. AF-2 induced skin tumors in 35% of the mice (average
      of 0.4 tumors/mouse), HBA in 15% in (0.2/mouse), BHT in 13% (0.13/mouse) and
      quercetin in 5% (0.1/mouse). No tumors appeared in the groups treated with either
      test chemicals alone or TPA alone. Statistical analysis according to either
      Fisher's exact test or Peto's trend test revealed significant differences for
      tumor appearance in the AF-2/TPA and BHA/TPA followed by TPA groups as compared
      to in the DMSO/TPA group. The results indicate that AF-2 and BHA have weak tumor
      initiating activity on mouse skin, but such effects are not apparent for BHT or
      quercetin.

PMID- 3690515
TI  - Differential stereoselectivity in the metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene and anthracene
      by rabbit epidermal and hepatic microsomes.
AB  - The stereoselective metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene (BP) to its 7,8-dihydrodiol and
      of anthracene to its 1,2-dihydrodiol by microsomal fractions of the liver and
      skin of the rabbit were examined. For both tissues, more anthracene-1,2
      dihydrodiol than BP-7,8-dihydrodiol was extracted from these incubations. The BP
      7R,8R and anthracene-1S,2S enantiomers were found to predominate with optical
      purities of greater than or equal to 90% and 32%, respectively. The latter result
      is in contrast to previous observations made in incubations with rat liver
      microsomes and might be due to differences in stereoselectivities of cytochromes
      P-450 between the two species.

PMID- 3690516
TI  - Hydroxylamine effects on cryptogenic neoplasm development in C3H mice.
AB  - The effect of administration of hydroxylamine (HA) to male and female mice was
      studied because of reports suggesting an anticarcinogenic effect and an
      enhancement of lifespan. In this study, two C3H sublines were used: the C3H/HeN
      which carries a germinal provirus of the mouse mammary tumor virus and the
      C3H/HeJ(+) which also carries the milk-transmitted exogenous virus. Lifetime
      administration of 10 mM HA in the drinking water resulted in a decrease in
      mammary neoplasm incidence in female C3H/HeN mice, but not in female C3H/HeJ(+)
      mice. Ovarian neoplasms and cysts were common in all groups, indicating ovarian
      dysfunction, but these were not affected by treatment. The incidences of other
      cryptogenic neoplasms found in controls in significant numbers, i.e. liver
      carcinomas, lymphomas, lung adenomas and adrenal cortex tumors were only
      marginally affected by the treatment. However, an increased incidence of vascular
      neoplasms of the spleen in hydroxylamine-treated female C3H/HeN mice and vascular
      neoplasms of the lymph nodes in hydroxylamine-treated male C3H/HeJ(+) mice
      indicated a subline-related action on the reticuloendothelial system. The
      survival of control mice was 35-58% at 2 years and this was not increased in
      either subline by hydroxylamine, which is interpreted to indicate that this
      antiioxidant does not increase lifespan of animals under conditions of
      maintenance that are adequate for good survival.

PMID- 3690517
TI  - Comparison of the mutagenic activity of various brands of food grade beef
      extracts.
AB  - The mutagenic activity of 9 brands of commercial meat extracts were compared
      using Ames tester strain TA 98 with hepatic S-9 activation prior to concentration
      by solvent extraction. In a preincubation test system where 20 mg of intact meat
      extract preparations were tested per plate, about half of the brands were non
      mutagenic whereas the other half increased the spontaneous revertant number by a
      factor of 2.5-3 (MF). The mutagenic principals could be extracted into methylene
      chloride under alkaline conditions and the mutagenic activity of these basic
      organic extracts ranged in potency from a mutation factor of 7-40 (280-1600
      revertants) per 2 g equivalents of intact meat extracts in the standard Ames
      test. A quantitative correlation was obtained between the two trials (intact and
      extracted samples). The commercial meat extract with the greatest activity
      contained approximately 70 ng/g of total amino-imidazoquinoline and amino
      imidazoquinoxaline compounds while the weakest brand of meat extract contained
      less than 10 ng/g of these heterocyclic aromatic amines. The human intake of
      these heterocyclic amines from meat extract in bouillon soups was estimated at
      maximally 100 ng/day and is approximately 10(3) times less than the estimated
      total daily intake of all heterocyclic amines which are known to be formed in
      protein-rich heated foods.

PMID- 3690518
TI  - On the nature of the active component of haematoporphyrin derivative--Part 2.
AB  - It has been suggested recently that neither an ester nor an ether linkage was
      present in the tumour-localising component of Photofrin II (PFII) (a commercial
      preparation of DHE). We now report that our chemical and spectroscopic studies,
      establish the presence of an ester linkage with the possibility that an ether
      linkage may also be involved.

PMID- 3690519
TI  - Effects of calcium glucarate on the promotion of diethylnitrosamine-initiated
      altered hepatic foci in rats.
AB  - Calcium glucarate (CGT), an inhibitor of beta-glucuronidase, is a potent
      inhibitor of chemically-induced tumors when administered orally. The present
      study was undertaken to determine the effects of CGT on the promotion of
      hepatocarcinogenesis by phenobarbital following initiation with
      diethylnitrosamine (DENA). Partially hepatectomized, DENA-initiated female
      Sprague-Dawley rats, previously maintained only on chow diet for 2 months, were
      supplemented with either 0.05% phenobarbital alone or 0.05% phenobarbital plus 4%
      dietary CGT, for varying time intervals up to 6 months. Histopathologic
      evaluation of the liver sections showed that CGT significantly delayed the
      development of altered hepatic foci (AHF). By the seventh month post-initiation,
      however, the frequency and severity of changes seen in the livers of experimental
      animals approximated those of the controls.

PMID- 3690520
TI  - Preference for type of information in cancer patients receiving radiation
      therapy.

PMID- 3690521
TI  - Enhancing cancer nursing concepts in undergraduate curricula.

PMID- 3690522
TI  - Naturally occurring tumours in animals as a model for human disease.

PMID- 3690523
TI  - Semiautomated colorimetric assay for in vitro screening of anticancer compounds.
AB  - An in vitro tetrazolium dye (MTT) reduction technique was modified and evaluated
      for use in the large-scale screening of anticancer compounds by examining the
      activity of ten clinically used drugs against 16 different human and murine cell
      populations. Cell populations included colon and mammary adenocarcinomas,
      melanomas, leukemias, and freshly isolated normal cells. Cell lines were grown in
      microtiter plates for 18-20 hours prior to a 72-hour continuous exposure to the
      drugs. Cultures were initiated at cell densities which maximized both the
      difference in dye reduction and the number of cell doublings between the
      beginning and end of the drug exposure period. Drug potency, expressed as the 50%
      inhibitory concentration (IC50), was comparable whether the effect on cell
      doublings or dye reduction was determined. There was good agreement between this
      method and the more labor-intensive, conventional method of counting trypan blue
      dye-excluding cells in a hemacytometer. Implemented as a large-scale, high
      capacity system, our adaptation of the MTT technique is a rapid, sensitive,
      reproducible first-line screening device for detecting anticancer compounds with
      cytostatic or cytocidal activity.

PMID- 3690524
TI  - Oral versus im administration of high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate in
      pretreated patients with advanced breast cancer.
AB  - In a multicenter trial, 123 patients with advanced breast cancer who had been
      treated with tamoxifen and/or chemotherapy were randomized to receive
      medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) orally 300 mg X 3 daily or im 500 mg daily for
      4 weeks and 500 mg X 2 weekly thereafter. All case histories were reviewed
      extramurally by the criteria of the International Union Against Cancer. Five and
      11 patients were not eligible and evaluable for response, respectively.
      Pretreatment characteristics were well balanced in both treated groups. Twenty
      five of all 107 (23%) evaluable patients achieved an objective remission, whereas
      in a further 15% the disease became stable after previous progression. Results in
      both treatment arms did not differ significantly. The median duration of
      objective remission was 12 and 14 months for orally and im treated patients,
      respectively (P greater than 0.10). No statistically significant differences in
      the survival times of orally and im treated patients were found. Pretreatment
      characteristics positively correlated with an objective remission during MPA
      therapy in both groups were age greater than 50 years (P less than 0.02) and no
      previous chemotherapy (P less than 0.01). Toxicity included an increase in body
      weight, cushingoid effects, muscle cramps, and tremors in both groups. In four
      patients on im therapy, local infections developed. Mean serum MPA levels reached
      values above 100 ng/ml in nine orally and eight im treated patients (P greater
      than 0.10), and neither differed significantly in the patients responding to or
      failing therapy. In both MPA arms, plasma cortisol levels were suppressed. The
      drop in plasma cortisol levels was more pronounced in patients with objective
      remissions than in patients who failed (P = 0.04). In conclusion, oral and im MPA
      in the given doses had similar activity. Im administration of MPA should be
      reserved for patients not able to take oral medication.

PMID- 3690525
TI  - Preclinical toxicology studies of 4-ipomeanol: a novel candidate for clinical
      evaluation in lung cancer.
AB  - 4-Ipomeanol (ipomeanol) is being developed as a potential antitumor agent to
      treat lung cancer. Ipomeanol produced a dose-related toxicity in CD2F1 mice,
      Fischer 344 rats, and beagle dogs. The LD50 in mice after a single iv dose of
      ipomeanol was 35 mg/kg in males and 26 mg/kg in females. Minimal cumulative
      toxicity occurred in mice after seven doses; LD50 was 30 mg/kg/day in males and
      21 mg/kg/day in females. In rats, iv doses greater than or equal to 15 mg/kg were
      lethal. Labored respiration, terminal bronchiolar epithelial necrosis,
      interstitial inflammation, and alveolar edema were present in rats dosed with
      ipomeanol at greater than or equal to 9 mg/kg. In addition to pulmonary lesions,
      splenic and thymic lymphocyte depletion and/or necrosis was present. Ipomeanol
      had little cumulative toxicity in rats given seven daily doses. In dogs, iv doses
      greater than 12 mg/kg were lethal. Dogs treated with lethal doses of ipomeanol
      showed rapid, shallow respiration and pulmonary edema prior to death; diffuse
      pulmonary congestion or hemorrhage and diffuse renal congestion were present at
      necropsy. Pulmonary microscopic changes caused by nonlethal doses of ipomeanol
      included subacute interstitial inflammation and necrosis of respiratory
      bronchiolar and alveolar duct epithelium. In contrast to rodents, seven daily
      doses of ipomeanol were cumulatively toxic in dogs. The nonlethal pulmonary
      effects of ipomeanol were reversible in all three species. Tolerance to lethal
      doses of ipomeanol occurred in animals of all three species pretreated with
      multiple nontoxic doses of the drug. The LD50 of ipomeanol in male and female
      mice increased 2.4- and 4.5-fold, respectively, in tolerant mice. In rats and
      dogs, previously lethal doses of 48 and 24 mg/kg were nonlethal after tolerance
      was induced by pretreatment with seven daily doses of ipomeanol.

PMID- 3690527
TI  - Cisplatin, vinblastine, and mitoguazone in squamous cell carcinoma of the
      esophagus: a Southwest Oncology Group Study.
AB  - Forty patients with locally extensive or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of
      the esophagus were registered onto a phase II trial employing cisplatin,
      vinblastine, and mitoguazone. Of 36 eligible patients, four (11%) had partial
      responses. None had received prior chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Toxicity
      was mild to moderate and consisted mostly of nausea and vomiting. The activity of
      this regimen at the doses and schedule used was minimal. More aggressive use of
      therapy should be considered for further trials.

PMID- 3690526
TI  - Phase I clinical investigation of benzisoquinolinedione.
AB  - A phase I study of benzisoquinolinedione (amonafide) was conducted in 30 patients
      with advanced solid tumors refractory to conventional therapy. The starting dose
      was 10 mg/m2/day X 5 days and the highest tolerated dose was 625 mg/m2/day X 5.
      The daily dose was mixed in 100 ml of normal saline and infused over 30-60
      minutes. The dose-limiting toxicity was myelosuppression with nadirs of blood
      counts reached on Day 15 and recovery by Day 21-28. Other side effects included
      mild nausea and vomiting, mild phlebitis, skin rashes, and alopecia in some
      patients. A majority of the patients experienced dizziness, tinnitus, and hot
      flushes occurring predominantly at the higher dose levels. These were related to
      the rate of drug infusion and resolved on prolonging the infusion to 60 minutes.
      Pharmacokinetic studies of amonafide revealed a monoexponential plasma
      disappearance curve with a mean half-life of 3.5 +/- 1.9 hours. The recommended
      dose of amonafide for phase II studies in solid tumors is 400 mg/m2/day X 5 for
      good-risk and 300-320 mg/m2/day X 5 days for poor-risk patients with courses
      repeated at 21-28-day intervals.

PMID- 3690528
TI  - In vitro stability and compatibility of daunorubicin, cytarabine, and etoposide.
AB  - The continuous infusion of cytarabine, daunorubicin, and etoposide offers several
      theoretical advantages over bolus infusion in the treatment of acute
      nonlymphocytic leukemia. To date, this approach has been limited by the need for
      three separate iv lines. The in vitro stability and compatibility of these three
      agents were therefore evaluated. Solutions of 200 mg of cytarabine, 25 mg of
      daunorubicin, and 300 mg of etoposide per 750 ml of 5% dextrose and 0.45% saline
      were prepared alone and in combination. The solutions were evaluated visually,
      spectrophotometrically, and by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) twice
      daily for 72 hours. Precipitates or color changes were not noted. Changes in the
      patterns of the spectral scans and chromatographs were not observed.
      Concentrations of the drugs as assessed by HPLC were stable over the 72-hour
      period of observation for both individual and combined drug preparations. In
      conclusion, cytarabine, daunorubicin, and etoposide are stable and compatible in
      vitro for at least 72 hours. These drugs can therefore be administered together
      by continuous infusion using a single iv line.

PMID- 3690529
TI  - Phase II study of iproplatin in metastatic breast carcinoma.
AB  - Thirty patients with progressive metastatic breast cancer and one prior
      chemotherapy regimen were treated with iproplatin at a starting dose of 300 mg/m2
      iv every 3 weeks. After the first 11 patients, the starting dose was decreased to
      270 mg/m2. There were one complete remission, three partial remissions, and two
      minor responses. Responses were observed in soft tissue and osseous and visceral
      areas. Grade 3 nausea and vomiting were observed in 38% of patients, and grade 3
      diarrhea occurred in 31%. The dose-limiting toxicity was thrombocytopenia, which
      required dose de-escalation in 15 patients. No nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, or
      ototoxicity was observed. Iproplatin has modest antitumor activity in this group
      of previously treated patients with metastatic breast cancer.

PMID- 3690530
TI  - Multicenter study of trilostane: a new hormonal agent in advanced postmenopausal
      breast cancer.
AB  - Trilostane, an inhibitor of the production of adrenal estrogens, was
      administered, together with dexamethasone, to 97 eligible postmenopausal women
      with advanced breast cancer. Seventy-four patients who had either received
      trilostane for a minimum of 10 weeks or whose disease had progressed while on
      trilostane before this period were assessed for tumour response. Eighteen
      patients (25%) had objective responses (two complete, 16 partial); a further 21
      patients had stable disease. The response rate among all 97 patients, including
      those not treated for a minimum 10-week period, was 19%. Thirty-two of 97
      patients reported adverse reactions which were attributed to trilostane and/or
      dexamethasone. Therapy was stopped for 15 patients, and the dose of trilostane
      was reduced for ten. Diarrhea was the commonest side effect, being reported in 16
      patients, of whom nine stopped treatment. Trilostane, given with a
      corticosteroid, is an effective alternative hormonal agent acting by adrenal
      blockade for postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer.

PMID- 3690531
TI  - Mitoxantrone in the treatment of patients with non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma.
AB  - Thirty-five patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, who had relapsed from or failed
      prior cytotoxic regimens including doxorubicin, received mitoxantrone at a dose
      of 14 mg/m2 iv every 3 weeks. According to the working formulation, 18, 15, and
      two patients had low-, intermediate-, and high-grade malignancy, respectively.
      Thirty-four patients were evaluable for response and all were evaluable for drug
      toxicity. Three patients achieved complete response, 12 achieved partial
      response, eight had stable disease, and 11 had progressive disease. The overall
      objective response rate was 43% (95% confidence limits, 25%-61%) for all
      patients. The response durations ranged from 7 to 11+ months. Time to treatment
      failure was 4.5 months (range, 1-10+). The response achieved were clustered in
      patients with low-grade malignancy. There was a partial response in a patient who
      had relapsed from prior anthracyclines. A total of 155 cycles of mitoxantrone
      therapy were given. The median number of courses per patient was four (range, one
      to ten). Myelosuppression was the dose-limiting factor. Most nonhematologic toxic
      effects were mild. The data indicate that mitoxantrone is effective in the
      treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with acceptable toxicity.

PMID- 3690532
TI  - Phase I study of echinomycin.
AB  - Echinomycin was administered to patients with advanced carcinoma in escalating
      doses ranging from 60 to 1500 micrograms/m2 given weekly by 15-minute iv
      infusions for four doses, with a subsequent 2-week rest period. Dose-limiting
      nausea, vomiting, and anorexia associated with varying degrees of renal and
      hepatic dysfunction proved dose-limiting at the 1500-micrograms/m2 level.
      Thrombocytopenia was noted in 15% of patients receiving greater than or equal to
      700 micrograms/m2 and was severe in 11% without an evident dose-response
      relationship. Leukopenia was rare and mild when encountered. Allergic reactions
      were observed. Phase II trials are feasible using a dose schedule of 1200
      micrograms/m2/week X 4 weeks.

PMID- 3690533
TI  - Doxorubicin distribution in human breast cancer.
AB  - Using a high-performance liquid chromatographic method coupled with fluorimetric
      detection, we evaluated plasma pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin (DX) and tissue
      distribution in seven patients suffering from locally advanced breast cancer.
      Tumor biopsies were performed 30 minutes and 24 hours after DX injection. In
      addition at 48 hours, during surgery, biopsies were obtained from primary breast
      cancer, nodes, and other accessible tissues, and DX concentrations were analyzed.
      A triexponential equation gave the best fit for plasma levels and the values
      (mean +/- SE) were: elimination half-life, 37.6 +/- 4.9 hours; volume of
      distribution, 605 +/- 61 L/m2; and clearance 200 +/- 27 ml/min/m2. There was
      greater interindividual variability in tumor DX concentrations than in plasma
      concentrations. DX reached much higher (range at 48 hrs, 1.54-14.17 micrograms/g)
      and longer-lasting concentrations in tumor than in plasma. At 48 hours tumor
      concentrations were 55.2-337.4 times the plasma concentrations. DX concentrations
      in normal breast were lower or similar to those in breast carcinoma. DX levels
      were very low in fat and skin, slightly higher in muscle, and very high in normal
      or metastasized lymph nodes.

PMID- 3690534
TI  - Phase II trial of rDNA alfa 2b interferon in patients with malignant carcinoid
      tumor.
AB  - Fourteen patients with malignant carcinoid tumors were treated with rDNA alfa 2b
      interferon by sc injection three times per week. Treatment was started at a dose
      of 2 milliunits/m2, with escalations to 3, 5, 7, and 10 milliunits/m2 at 2-week
      intervals depending on toxicity. No objective tumor regressions were seen, but
      five of 14 patients (36%) had 50% reduction in 24-hour 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid
      excretion and six of nine (67%) with carcinoid syndrome had a good symptomatic
      response. Biochemical responses occurred during the first 8 weeks of treatment,
      and escalation of the dose of interferon did not increase the response rate. The
      rDNA alfa 2b interferon has activity in patients with the carcinoid syndrome and
      should be used at a low dose (2-3 milliunits/m2) until symptoms recur.

PMID- 3690535
TI  - Interactions of methotrexate and cyclophosphamide with the pharmacokinetics of 5
      fluorouracil in an animal model.
AB  - The interaction of methotrexate and/or cyclophosphamide with the pharmacokinetics
      of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was studied in tumor-bearing WAG/Rij rats. Four groups
      were formed including treatment with single-agent 5-FU (eight rats); 5-FU plus
      methotrexate (11 rats); 5-FU plus cyclophosphamide (12 rats); and 5-FU,
      cyclophosphamide, and methotrexate (13 rats). The area-under-the-plasma
      concentration/time curve, total-body clearance, elimination half-life, mean
      residence time, and steady-state volume of distribution were computed and
      compared. The mean residence time and elimination half-life of 5-FU increased
      when methotrexate was included in the combination. The increase was significant
      (P less than 0.05) for 5-FU, cyclophosphamide, and methotrexate versus 5-FU and
      cyclophosphamide.

PMID- 3690536
TI  - Multiple drug intensification after cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and 5
      fluorouracil (CAF) induction in metastatic breast cancer: a Southeastern Cancer
      Study Group phase II trial.

PMID- 3690537
TI  - Cisplatin, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (PAC) in the treatment of mixed
      mesodermal tumor of the ovary.

PMID- 3690539
TI  - Cisplatin as a first-line treatment in T2 and T3 bladder carcinoma.
AB  - Twenty-two patients with bladder cancer stage T2 or T3NxM0 received
      preirradiation treatment with cisplatin. Three complete and seven partial
      remissions were achieved. Responders received additional cisplatin concomitantly
      with radiotherapy, for a total of eight complete remissions. Toxicity from
      cisplatin alone or in combination with radiotherapy was moderate. Seven of the
      ten responders following preirradiation cisplatin are alive without evidence of
      disease. All nonresponders have died due to relapse (follow-up time, 46-80
      months). Randomized trials with and without preirradiation cisplatin are
      warranted to establish whether cisplatin improves the prognosis of patients with
      invasive bladder cancer.

PMID- 3690538
TI  - IV melphalan in children.
AB  - Forty children with multiply relapsed cancers received iv melphalan at three
      doses: 30 mg/m2, 45 mg/m2, and 60 mg/m2. The hematologic toxicity was severe and
      protracted at all dose levels, whether or not the bone marrow was involved with
      tumor. Of 39 evaluable patients, 37 had grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicity.
      Nonhematologic toxic effects were infrequent and not severe. Two complete
      responses (Hodgkin's disease, rhabdomyosarcoma), eight partial responses, and 30
      failures were seen. There appeared to be a very narrow margin between efficacy
      and toxicity. Further study of melphalan in pediatric tumors may be warranted in
      special circumstances: in higher doses (greater than 100 mg/m2) as cytoreduction
      therapy for specific cancers with marrow rescue, or as part of combination
      therapy in certain cancers (eg, lymphoma, sarcoma), possibly at doses of 20 to 30
      mg/m2 every 4 weeks.

PMID- 3690540
TI  - Phase II study on oral N-methylformamide in metastatic colorectal cancer.

PMID- 3690541
TI  - Phase II trial of dichloromethotrexate in patients with advanced squamous cell
      carcinoma of the cervix: a Gynecologic Oncology Group Study.

PMID- 3690542
TI  - Phase II study of tiazofurin in colorectal cancer: a National Cancer Institute of
      Canada Study.

PMID- 3690543
TI  - Phase I trial of N-methylformamide in pediatric patients with refractory
      leukemias.

PMID- 3690544
TI  - Phase II trial of combined 5-fluorouracil plus doxorubicin plus cisplatin (FAP
      regimen) in advanced gastric carcinoma.

PMID- 3690545
TI  - Phase II trial of etoposide in the management of advanced and recurrent
      leiomyosarcoma of the uterus: a Gynecologic Oncology Group Study.

PMID- 3690546
TI  - Phase II study of spirogermanium in advanced adenocarcinoma of the prostate: a
      Southwest Oncology Group Study.

PMID- 3690547
TI  - Teniposide in metastatic renal and bladder cancer: a Southwest Oncology Group
      Study.

PMID- 3690548
TI  - Phase II evaluation of diaziquone in pancreatic carcinoma: a Southwest Oncology
      Group Study.

PMID- 3690549
TI  - Prednimustine in advanced malignant melanoma: a phase II study.

PMID- 3690550
TI  - Timing may be a critical factor in drug therapy.

PMID- 3690551
TI  - Acute laryngeal edema after single-dose irradiation and doxorubicin.

PMID- 3690552
TI  - Rhabdomyolysis associated with high-dose cytarabine.

PMID- 3690553
TI  - Infantile acute subdural hematoma.

PMID- 3690554
TI  - Destructive hydrocephalus and porencephaly combined with the hydrocephalic
      process.

PMID- 3690555
TI  - Immunodiagnosis of human neurocysticercosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
AB  - The diagnosis of cysticercosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using serum
      and CSF was assessed in 61 cases of confirmed cysticercosis and in controls. A
      very high level of specificity and sensitivity was found.

PMID- 3690556
TI  - Host response in childhood neurocysticercosis. Some pathological aspects.
AB  - The autopsy findings in 18 cases of childhood neurocysticercosis are described.
      Twelve of the children had died from other causes. Asymptomatic disease
      correlated with immunodeficiency and with negative serum anticysticercosis
      antibody test.

PMID- 3690558
TI  - Experience in Egypt with 25 cases of craniosynostosis and forehead advancement.
AB  - The authors' experience in 25 cases of craniosynostosis treated within a period
      of 2 years is described. The morphology of the skull has varied from one case to
      the other, so that modification of the technique was needed in each case. There
      was no mortality, but two complications were encountered: CSF subcutaneous
      collection that resolved spontaneously and an almost complete absorption of the
      neoforehead and part of the frontal bar due to infection.

PMID- 3690557
TI  - Posterior fossa lesions in childhood and infancy. A CT study.
AB  - Forty-three children with CT studies demonstrating abnormalities in the posterior
      fossa are presented. Tumors constitute the largest group of lesions (53.5%).
      Their mean size at time of diagnosis was 39.5 mm. Astrocytomas, medulloblastomas,
      and ependymomas were the most frequent tumors and their CT features are described
      and discussed. The congenital group of lesions comprised 18.6% of the cases--the
      most frequent anomaly being arachnoid cyst. In the miscellaneous group (23.3%),
      cases with atrophy were the most frequent. The cerebellar hemispheres were the
      most involved sites (39.5%). Lesions located at the tentorial hiatus or near the
      clivus were rather rare.

PMID- 3690559
TI  - Cranial base morphology in untreated hydrocephalics.
AB  - Cephalostat radiographs of five untreated adult hydrocephalic patients were
      studied in order to explain events related to increased intracranial pressure and
      to differentiate them from those following shunt treatment. The hypophyseal fossa
      appeared to be well formed in every patient and no shallow fossa was found. The
      tip of the dorsum sella was rounded. The distances from the nasion to the sella
      region were increased, but those from the basion were decreased. The hypophyseal
      fossa was depressed inferiorly. The cranial base angle was more obtuse than in
      normal subjects or shunt-treated patients. The findings seem to indicate that a
      shallow. J-shaped sella results from the combined effect of the hydrocephalic
      condition and the shunt treatment, which cause a shortening of the anterior
      cranial base and move the fossa upwards and posteriorly away from the sphenoid
      bone.

PMID- 3690560
TI  - Preoperative diagnosis of Rathke's cleft cyst.
AB  - Two cases of Rathke's cleft cyst are presented. The cysts showed as high-density
      lesions on plain CT with slight enhancement with contrast medium. They appeared
      as a hyperintense mass in the T 1-weighted magnetic resonance images.
      Preoperative diagnosis is very important because different sellar cystic lesions
      require different treatment.

PMID- 3690561
TI  - Multidisciplinary treatment of medulloblastomas in childhood.
AB  - The analysis of 65 medulloblastomas in children treated at the National Institute
      of Pediatrics, Mexico City, between 1971 and 1986 is reported. The patients were
      staged retrospectively. Ninety percent presented without metastasis in the
      subarachnoid space or the spinal fluid. Following surgery, all patients underwent
      radiotherapy to the brain, posterior fossa, and spinal cord. For the last 35
      patients, chemotherapy was added to the treatment regimen. The actuarial survival
      was 55% at 6 years in the group with chemotherapy versus 27% to the group without
      chemotherapy, with a statistically significant difference (P less than 0.01).

PMID- 3690562
TI  - Arachnoid cyst of the middle cranial fossa--aplasia of temporal lobe?
AB  - In 11 cases of intracranial, temporal arachnoid cysts the etiology, clinical and
      radiographic findings, surgical treatment, and outcome are reviewed in respect of
      post-traumatic subdural hematoma. Cysts of the middle cranial fossa are
      susceptible to trauma, which may cause bleeding either into the cyst or into the
      subdural space. Signs and symptoms of increasing intracranial pressure (ICP),
      local neurological deficits, and sometimes epileptic seizures may lead to
      hospitalization. CT or MRI scans are diagnostic in these cases. In cases of
      intracranial mass lesion with displacement of the midline structures and
      increasing ICP, osteoplastic craniotomy is performed and the lateral wall of the
      cyst is resected down to the tentorial notch by a microsurgical procedure, with
      opening into the basal cisterns. There were no operative or postoperative
      complications in 11 consecutive cases. However, one boy required a
      cystoperitoneal shunt 3 months later as a result of hydrocephalus following
      subdural hematoma. Asymptomatic arachnoid cysts are discussed with respect to
      brain function and social behavior.

PMID- 3690564
TI  - The significance of ventriculomegaly in the newborn with myelodysplasia.
AB  - Hydrocephalus occurs in 69% to 92% of the meningomyelocele population, but rarely
      becomes manifest until after the meningomyelocele is closed. Ventriculomegaly is
      common at birth, even in neonates without overt hydrocephalus. Thus, palpating
      the anterior fontanel and cranial sutures and measuring the head circumference
      may be misleading. We report a means of identifying spina bifida neonates who
      will subsequently develop hydrocephalus. Dubowitz gestational age, birth weight,
      birth head circumference, head circumference percentile, and the lateral
      ventricular ratio (LVR) from ultrasonograms were analyzed for each of 25 neonates
      with meningomyelocele. The mean head circumference percentile was 47.7 +/- 7.7 SE
      (range: less than 5 to greater than 95). Ventriculomegaly, however, defined by an
      LVR of greater than 0.32, was present in all but 2 of the neonates. Pearson's
      correlation test showed that only one-third of the elevated LVRs could be
      explained by the head circumference. Later ventricular shunting was eventually
      required in all but 3 infants. We concluded that (1) clinical examination of the
      myelodysplastic neonate usually does not reveal evidence of hydrocephalus and (2)
      ventriculomegaly on ultrasonography predicts the later development of
      hydrocephalus following meningomyelocele closure.

PMID- 3690563
TI  - Post-traumatic diffuse brain swelling: isolated or associated with cerebral
      axonal injury. Clinical course and intracranial pressure in 18 children.
AB  - Eighteen children with severe head injuries and diffuse brain swelling were
      studied. They were separated into two groups based on the computed tomography
      (CT) findings. Seven patients had small ventricles in the normal location and
      small or absent cisterns. Eleven had these signs plus small deep-seated
      intraparenchymal hemorrhagic foci and/or intraventricular hemorrhage. Patients in
      the first group were in relatively good neurological condition; their
      intracranial pressure was easily controlled and all had a favourable outcome. On
      contrast, children in the second group had a more severe clinical presentation,
      frequently had uncontrollable intracranial hypertension, and more than 50% died.

PMID- 3690565
TI  - Subdural hematoma in a case of hydrocephalus and macrocrania. Experience with a
      pressure-adjustable valve.
AB  - A child with hydrocephalus and macrocrania was treated by a shunt procedure.
      After placement of a bilateral ventriculo-atrial shunt subdural hematomas
      developed on both sides. Burr hole drainage and insertion of a pressure
      adjustable valve were used to obliterate the subdural hematomas and to influence
      the outflow resistance of the shunt.

PMID- 3690566
TI  - Cerebellar ataxia and opsoclonus as the initial manifestations of myoclonic
      encephalopathy associated with neuroblastoma.
AB  - Cerebellar ataxia and opsoclonus were the initial manifestations of an associated
      neuroblastoma in a 20-month-old girl. Two months after the initial
      symptomatology, a physical examination revealed an abnormal mass palpable left to
      the midline. Urinary catecholamines were within normal limits. The child's
      neurological findings improved immediately after surgery, and steroid treatment
      and the follow-up on her after 2 years revealed normal general and neurological
      development. The syndrome of myoclonic encephalopathy including cerebellar
      ataxia, myoclonus and opsoclonus, and its relationship to neuroblastoma is
      reviewed. Failure to recognize this association can result in delays in both
      diagnosis and treatment and could be fatal.

PMID- 3690567
TI  - Synthesis of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-(2-O-methyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)- D
      glucopyranose (N-acetyl-2'-O-methyllactosamine).
AB  - 1,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-2-O-methyl-D-galactopyranose, prepared from known methyl 6
      O-acetyl-3,4-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-galactopyranoside, was treated with hydrogen
      bromide in dichloromethane to afford 3,4,6-tri-O-acetl-2-O-methyl-alpha-D
      galactopyranosyl bromide. Condensation with benzyl 2-acetamido-3,6-di-O-benzyl-2
      deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside in acetonitrile in the presence of mercuric cyanide
      gave an approximately 1:1 mixture of benzyl 2-acetamido-3, 6-di-O-benzyl-2-deoxy
      4-O-(3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-O-methyl-beta- (8) and -alpha-D-galactopyranosyl)-alpha
      D-glucopyranoside. O-Deacetylation and catalytic hydrogenolysis of the benzyl
      group furnished 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-(2-O-methyl-beta- and alpha-D
      galactopyranosyl)-D-glucopyranose. Alternatively, benzyl 2-acetamido-3,6-di-O
      benzyl-2-deoxy-4-O-beta-D- galactopyranosyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside was treated
      with tert-butyldiphenyl-chlorosilane in N,N-dimethylformamide, in the presence of
      imidazole, to give a 6'-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl intermediate that was in turn
      converted into its 3',4'-O-isopropylidene acetal. Methylation with methyl iodide
      silver oxide in N,N-dimethylformamide, followed by removal of the silyl and
      isopropylidene groups gave benzyl 2-acetamido-3,6-di-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-4-O-(2-O
      methyl-beta-D- galactopyranosyl)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, which was further
      characterized as its triacetate 8.

PMID- 3690568
TI  - Alternative syntheses and related n.m.r. studies of precursors for internal beta
      D-galactopyranosyl residues in oligosaccharides, allowing chain extension at O-4.
AB  - Crystalline 2,3,6-tri-O-benzoyl-4-O-(bromoacetyl)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl
      chloride (5) was prepared from methyl 2,3,6-tri-O-benzoyl-4-O-(bromoacetyl)-alpha
      or -beta-D-galactopyranoside by cleavage with dichloromethyl methyl ether
      (DCMME) in the presence of zinc chloride. Silver trifluoromethanesulfonate
      (triflate) condensation of 5 with methyl 2,3,6-tri-O-benzoyl-beta-D
      galactopyranoside gave the corresponding beta-linked disaccharide, which was O
      de(bromoacetyl)ated and the resulting disaccharide nucleophile condensed with 5.
      The beta-linked trisaccharide obtained was deprotected, to give the methyl beta
      glycoside of (1----4)-beta-linked D-galactotriose. Compound 5 was converted in
      high yield into the corresponding 1-O-beta-acetyl derivative, which was O
      de(bromoacetyl)ated with thiourea to afford crystalline 1-O-acetyl-2,3,6-tri-O
      benzoyl-beta-D-galactopyranose (9). Condensation of 9 with 5 yielded O-[2,3,6-tri
      O-benzoyl-4-O-(bromoacetyl)-beta-D- galactopyranosyl]-(1----4)-1-O-acetyl-2,3,6
      tri-O-benzoyl-beta-D- galactopyranose (17), which was cleaved with DCMME to give
      the corresponding glycosyl chloride (20). The same sequence of reactions
      involving 1,2,3,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-galactopyranose and 2,3,4,6-tetra-O
      benzoyl-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl bromide afforded O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-beta
      D-galactopyranosyl)-(1----4)-2,3,6-tri-O - benzoyl-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl
      chloride, which can be used to construct in an oligosaccharide the terminal, beta
      linked (1----4)-beta-D-galactobiosyl group. Compounds 5, 17, and 20, when used as
      glycosyl donors, allow further chain extension at O-4 of the (terminal) beta-D
      galactopyranosyl group. The structures of all mono- and di-saccharide
      intermediates, including those of orthoesters formed during glycosylations under
      neutral conditions, were confirmed by combination of homo- and hetero-nuclear
      correlation n.m.r. experiments. The sites of glycosidic linkages in orthoesters
      were directly determined by 1 D INAPT n.m.r. experiments. Characteristic features
      of the 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. spectra of orthoesters which distinguish them from the
      corresponding oligosaccharides have been summarized.

PMID- 3690569
TI  - Detection of D-glucose-derived pyrrole compounds during Maillard reaction under
      physiological conditions.
AB  - 5-Hydroxyl-1-neopentylpyrrole-2-carbaldehyde, 2-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-1
      neopentylpyrrole, in decreasing order or abundance, have been isolated and the
      structures characterized. These compounds were obtained from the reaction of a
      mixture of D-glucose and neopentylamine under physiological conditions of pH and
      temperature. In addition, 4H-dihydropyran-4-one, a known intermediate product of
      the Maillard reaction, was detected. The neopentylamine adducts were already
      detectable after one week of incubation, but rapid acid and alkaline degradation
      explains the lack of detection in body proteins.

PMID- 3690570
TI  - Unit structure of the anti-complementary arabinogalactan from Angelica acutiloba
      Kitagawa.
AB  - Mild acid hydrolysis of an anti-complementary arabinogalactan (AGIIb-1), isolated
      from the roots of Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa, gave one neutral (N-I) and two
      acidic arabinogalactans (A-I and A-II) and one neutral arabinan (N-II). Likewise,
      the product (AF-AGIIb-1) of digestion with exo-alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase gave
      four carbohydrate units. Methylation analysis showed that N-I was a (1----6)
      linked galactan with unbranched short side-chains of Araf attached at position 3
      and that A-I and A-II contained, in addition, 4-linked Galp. Methylation analysis
      and oligosaccharide analysis showed that A-I and A-II also contained highly
      branched Ara chains possessing Araf side-chains attached at positions 3 of some 4
      or 5-linked Ara and that a small proportion of Arap was present in each acidic
      unit. Base-catalysed beta-elimination and oligosaccharide analysis indicated that
      A-1 and A-II also contained a rhamnogalacturonan moiety in which 2,4
      disubstituted Rha residues were attached to 4-substituted GalpA through position
      2 of Rha. Methylation analysis, 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. studies, and enzymic
      hydrolysis showed N-II to be a highly branched arabinan containing a backbone of
      (1----5)-linked alpha-L-Araf with alpha-L-Araf side-chains attached to positions
      3.

PMID- 3690571
TI  - Bacteriophage-associated lyase activity against Klebsiella serotype K64 capsular
      polysaccharide.
AB  - Bacteriophage phi 64 possesses a lyase that depolymerises the capsular
      polysaccharide of Klebsiella K64 into a hexasaccharide having an unsaturated
      derivative of glucuronic acid at the non-reducing end (1). The unsaturated hex-4
      enuronic acid residue generated was characterised spectroscopically (u.v. and
      n.m.r.) and by g.l.c.-m.s. after hydrogenation of the double bond. Partial
      hydrolysis, Smith degradation, methylation analysis, and n.m.r. spectroscopy have
      been used to establish the structures of oligosaccharides produced from the
      polysaccharide. Evidence from 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy indicates that the D-Man rho
      residue that undergoes fission is beta. (Formula: see text).

PMID- 3690572
TI  - Klebsiella serotype K39: structure of an unusual capsular antigen deduced by use
      of a viral endoglucosidase.
AB  - Methylation analysis and graded acid hydrolysis showed that the capsular
      polysaccharide of Klebsiella K39 is of the "5 + 1" type and that the repeating
      unit contains two nonequivalent residues of D-glucopyranosyluronic acid, one of
      which constitutes the branch point. A decision between two possible structures,
      in favor of that shown below, was reached by examination of the hexasaccharide
      obtained by depolymerization using phage luminal diameter 39, which possessed an
      endo-beta-D-glucosidase. Anomeric configurations were assigned by analysis of 1H-
      and 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopic data for the polysaccharide and oligosaccharides
      derived therefrom. The following structure is proposed for the Klebsiella K39
      antigen: -3(Glc beta 1-4)GlcA beta 1-2Man alpha 1-4GlcA beta 1-2Man alpha 1-3Glc
      beta 1- The polysaccharide is the first in the Klebsiella genus thus far reported
      to contain two uronic acid residues per repeating unit.

PMID- 3690573
TI  - G.l.c.-m.s. of methylated derivatives of 3-deoxy-2-ketoaldonic acid phosphates.

PMID- 3690574
TI  - Isolation and identification of a rhamnosyl-rhamnosyl-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic
      acid trisaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus
      (10303 NTCC London).

PMID- 3690575
TI  - (3R,4R,5S)-5-acetamido-3,4-piperidinediol: a selective hexosaminidase inhibitor.

PMID- 3690576
TI  - New synthetic immunomodulators combining a 4-O-phosphono-D-glucosamine derivative
      related to bacterial lipid A with 1-deoxy-N-acetylmuramoyl dipeptide analogs.

PMID- 3690577
TI  - Synthesis of heparin fragments: a methyl alpha-pentaoside with high affinity for
      antithrombin III.
AB  - The synthesis is described of the methyl alpha-glycoside of the pentasaccharide
      which represents the sequence in heparin responsible for binding and activation
      of the anticoagulant protein Antithrombin III. It was obtained in a yield much
      better than that of the previously synthesised pentasaccharide and exhibited the
      same biological properties.

PMID- 3690578
TI  - Synthesis of 9-O-acyl- and 4-O-acetyl-sialic acids.
AB  - Various 9-O-acyl derivatives of N-acetyl- and N-glycoloyl-neuraminic acid, and O
      (5-acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-alpha- and beta-D-galacto-2
      nonulopyranosylonic acid)-(2----6)-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1----4)-D
      glucopyranose were regioselectively synthesized by use of ortho esters. In
      addition, 5-acetamido-4-O-acetyl-D-glycero-D-galacto-2-nonulopyranosonic acid was
      prepared starting from the benzyl and methyl esters of N-acetylneuraminic acid.

PMID- 3690579
TI  - A simple strategy for changing the regioselectivity of glycosidase-catalysed
      formation of disaccharides.
AB  - The regioselectivity of glycosidase-catalysed formation of disaccharides can be
      changed by using alpha- or beta-glycosyl acceptors with various aglycons. The
      preponderant formation of other than (1----6) linkages can be effected with
      glycosidases which normally give (1----6) linkages. Thus, an alpha-D
      galactosidase can be induced to catalyse the formation mainly of alpha-(1----2)-,
      alpha-(1----3), or alpha-(1----6)-linked digalactosides. Both the structure of
      the aglycon and the configuration of the glycosidic linkage can have a pronounced
      influence on the regioselectivity of disaccharide formation. Enzymic syntheses,
      in yields of 20-30%, are described of alpha-D-Galp-(1----3)-alpha-D-Galp-OMe,
      beta-D-Galp-(1----3)-beta-D-Galp-OMe, beta-D-Galp-(1----6)-alpha-D-Galp-OMe,
      alpha-D-Manp-(1----2)-alpha-D-Manp-OMe, alpha-D-Manp-(1----6)-alpha-D-Manp-OMe,
      alpha-D-Galp-(1----2)-alpha-D-Galp-OPhNO2-o, alpha-D-Galp-(1----3)-alpha-D-Galp
      OPhNO2-p, alpha-D-Manp-(1----2)-alpha-D-Manp-OPhNO2-p, and alpha-D-Manp-(1----2)
      alpha-D-Manp-(1----2)-alpha-D-Manp+ ++-OMe. Soluble and immobilised enzymes have
      been used.

PMID- 3690580
TI  - [Hemodynamic aspects of experimental stenosis of a large coronary branch].

PMID- 3690581
TI  - [Cardiocirculatory and respiratory reflex responses during sustained experimental
      muscular exercise].

PMID- 3690582
TI  - [Effects of dilazep on the myocardium and smooth vascular muscle].

PMID- 3690583
TI  - [Neuropeptides in human carotid gliomas].

PMID- 3690584
TI  - [Homogeneity of bioprostheses in the pericardium. Analysis of the thickness
      measurement criterium].

PMID- 3690585
TI  - Hypertension and the (ischemic) heart.

PMID- 3690586
TI  - [Nicardipine: a calcium antagonist for the treatment of arterial hypertension].

PMID- 3690587
TI  - Effects of nicardipine and nifedipine in chronic heart failure: a non invasive
      study.

PMID- 3690589
TI  - [Acute effects of various doses of nisoldipine in stable exertional angina].

PMID- 3690588
TI  - [Peripheral presynaptic dopamine receptors control the release of norepinephrine
      and arterial pressure in humans].

PMID- 3690590
TI  - [Anti-hypertensive activity of P0285 and nifedipine in conscious normotensive
      rats and in rats with spontaneous, renal and desoxycorticosterone acetate-induced
      hypertension].

PMID- 3690591
TI  - Iliac and mesenteric blood flow on release of efferent cervical vagal
      stimulation.

PMID- 3690592
TI  - [Importance of retrograde occult conduction on the modulation of the ventricular
      response in the cardiac pre-excitation syndrome].

PMID- 3690593
TI  - [Electrophysiologic and hemodynamic effects of intravenous aminophylline in
      humans].

PMID- 3690594
TI  - [Dual model of coronary vasodilation response to adenosine].

PMID- 3690595
TI  - [Efficacy of diltiazem in the control of ventricular frequency in chronic atrial
      fibrillation].

PMID- 3690596
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of phosphocreatine following intravenous administration in
      humans and effect on blood levels of ATP].

PMID- 3690598
TI  - [Analysis of effects induced by trapidil on the respiratory system and pulmonary
      circulation. Experimental research].

PMID- 3690597
TI  - [Experimental study of the cholinomimetic effects of carnitine on isolated
      preparations of the aortic and masseteric arteries].

PMID- 3690599
TI  - [Effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid on cardiac inotropism in the anesthetized
      guinea pig].

PMID- 3690600
TI  - [Influence of trifluoperazine and flunarizine on the late myocardial toxicity of
      doxorubicin].

PMID- 3690601
TI  - 12-Lead electrocardiography.

PMID- 3690602
TI  - Recent advances in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction.
AB  - A method of interpreting ECGs based on vectorcardiographic principles is
      presented. Using this method, the author and his colleagues have developed
      improved diagnostic criteria for inferior, anterior, and apical myocardial
      infarction and challenged the validity of some traditional concepts of
      electrocardiography.

PMID- 3690603
TI  - The diagnosis of myocardial infarction in the presence of left bundle branch
      block.
AB  - Our analysis confirms the limited value of the electrocardiogram for the
      diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in the presence of complete left bundle
      branch block. The various electrocardiographic criteria that have been proposed
      in the past as indicators of myocardial infarction lack sensitivity and
      predictive accuracy. In addition, they are subject to considerable inter-observer
      variability. In order of decreasing sensitivity, the following
      electrocardiographic criteria may be of diagnostic value: (1) serial changes of
      QRS complex or ST segment (sensitivity, 67 per cent); (2) ST segment elevation
      (sensitivity, 54 per cent; for anteroseptal infarction, 76 per cent); (3)
      abnormal Q waves (sensitivity, 31 per cent; for anteroseptal infarction, 53 per
      cent; highly specific: appearance of RV1, Qv6); and (4) sign of Cabrera
      (sensitivity, 27 per cent, for anteroseptal infarction, 47 per cent).

PMID- 3690604
TI  - Diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia from the 12-lead electrocardiogram.
AB  - The value of a four-step systematic approach for the analysis of a wide QRS
      tachycardia is discussed. This approach allows for the differentiation between
      tachycardia of supraventricular origin and those of ventricular origin.

PMID- 3690605
TI  - Board of Directors adopts position paper on AIDS.

PMID- 3690606
TI  - In vitro activity of selected antibiotics against anaerobes.
AB  - Testing antibiotics for their activity against microorganisms is fraught with
      problems. The various methods and media yield different results, and controversy
      exists as to which is the most reliable. The technique used in our laboratory has
      shown wide differences in the susceptibility patterns of Bacteroides strains and
      other anaerobes to different antibiotics. Particularly with respect to the third
      generation cephalosporins, reliable clinical data are needed to determine which
      in vitro tests most accurately predict clinical efficacy.

PMID- 3690607
TI  - [Ultrastructural study of lobular glycogen heterogeneity in human liver].

PMID- 3690608
TI  - Modification of chromatin pattern in the course of terminal differentiation
      during human granulocytopoiesis: optical diffractometry study.

PMID- 3690609
TI  - GABA content and localisation of high-affinity GABA uptake during the development
      of the rat pancreas.

PMID- 3690610
TI  - Effect of the analgesic pentazocine on forebrain, cerebellum and brain stem
      gangliosides from adult non-pregnant, pregnant and newborn rats.

PMID- 3690611
TI  - Isolation and partial characterization of transferrin in human seminal fluid.

PMID- 3690612
TI  - Hemoglobin content in various stocks of different species of the Paramecium
      aurelia group.

PMID- 3690613
TI  - Variations in catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in
      regenerating rat liver.

PMID- 3690614
TI  - Are the effects of thyroid hormone on target organs mediated through lysosomal
      enzymes? A histochemical study with acid phosphatase.

PMID- 3690615
TI  - Kinetic characteristics of some inhibitors of matrix-induced alkaline
      phosphatase.

PMID- 3690616
TI  - Developmental regulation of protein synthesis in Hymenolepis diminuta:
      subcellular localization of proglottid specific gene products.

PMID- 3690617
TI  - The interstitial matrix of human carcinomas and sarcomas transplanted to the nude
      mouse: immunolocalization of some human and murine components.

PMID- 3690618
TI  - [Latest data on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes. Comment on the
      report of the WHO Diabetes Mellitus Study Group].

PMID- 3690619
TI  - [The effect of diabetic compensation on plasma levels of dehydroascorbic acid in
      insulin-dependent diabetics].

PMID- 3690620
TI  - [Changes in the electrical field of the heart in patients with diabetes
      mellitus].

PMID- 3690621
TI  - [Dermatoglyphic study in type I diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 3690622
TI  - Bone marrow osteogenic stem cells: in vitro cultivation and transplantation in
      diffusion chambers.
AB  - Fibroblast colonies (clones) were obtained by explantation of bone marrow single
      cell suspensions and were used to establish multicolony and single-colony derived
      fibroblast cultures by successive passaging of either pooled or individual
      colonies. When transplanted in diffusion chambers after 20-30 cell doublings in
      vitro, the descendants of fibroblast colony-forming cells (FCFC), whether grown
      from single or pooled colonies, retained the ability for bone and cartilage
      formation. The content of osteogenic precursors in the cultured progeny
      significantly outnumbered the initiating FCFC. Thus the high proliferative
      potential of bone marrow FCFC and their ability to serve as common precursors of
      bone and cartilage-forming cells makes them probable candidates for the role of
      osteogenic stem cells.

PMID- 3690623
TI  - Combined flow and absorption DNA measurements of [3H]TdR-labelled tumour cells.
      I. Studies of MCa-11 cells grown as tumours in vivo and as exponential cultures
      in vitro.
AB  - Flow cytometry of cellular DNA content provides rapid estimates of DNA
      distributions, i.e. the proportions of cells in the different phases of the cell
      cycle. Measurements of DNA alone, however, yield no kinetic information and can
      make it difficult to resolve the cell cycle distributions of normal and
      transformed cells present in tumour biopsy specimens. The use of absorption
      cytophotometry of the Feulgen DNA content and [3H]TdR labelling of the same
      nuclei provides objective criteria to distinguish the ranges of DNA content for
      G0/G1, S, and G2/M cells. We now report on a study in which we combined flow and
      absorption cytometry to resolve the cell cycle distributions of host and tumour
      cells present in biopsy specimens of MCa-11 mouse mammary tumours labelled in
      vivo for 0.5 hr with [3H]TdR. A similar analysis of exponential monolayer
      cultures, labelled for 5 min with [3H]TdR under pulse-chase conditions, revealed
      a highly synchronous traversal of almost all cells through the different phases
      of the cell cycle. Combination of the flow and absorption methods also allowed us
      to detect G2 tumour cells in vivo and a minor tumour stem-line in vitro, to show
      that these two techniques are complementary and yield new information when they
      are combined.

PMID- 3690624
TI  - Comparison of growth and cell proliferation kinetics during mouse molar
      odontogenesis in vivo and in vitro.
AB  - The growth of embryonic first lower mouse molars in vitro was slow and reduced in
      comparison with in vivo development: the volume of teeth removed on day 15 and 16
      of gestation and cultured for 6 days did not exceed the volume reached at day 18
      in vivo. The volume of teeth removed on day 17 and 18 and cultured for 6 days
      either remained constant or decreased. The appearance of post-mitotic
      odontoblasts and ameloblasts was delayed in vitro. This behaviour might be
      correlated with a lengthening of the cell cycle (Tc). In vitro, the average
      durations of Tc (established by the percentage labelled mitoses technique) were
      17.4-20.2 hr and 19.1-19.4 hr for pre-odontoblasts and pre-ameloblasts
      respectively. In vivo, the corresponding Tc values were 13.9 hr and 13.5 hr. The
      coordination of mitotic activities of pre-odontoblasts and pre-ameloblasts
      existing in vivo was maintained in vitro, and therefore seemed to require intra
      dental control mechanisms. Non-specific extra-dental serum factors may affect the
      duration of Tc.

PMID- 3690625
TI  - Inhibition of hepatocyte proliferation in vivo by a glycopeptide from rat serum.
AB  - The activity of a glycopeptide prepared from rat serum by treatment with trypsin
      and ultrafiltration was investigated in several in vivo proliferation systems. In
      baby rat hepatocytes synchronized by a subcutaneous injection of casein solution
      it caused a G1-S block, stopping cells at the end of the G1 phase and sending
      them back to the G0 phase. The glycopeptide also caused a G1-S block in young
      adult rats during the first semi-synchronized wave of proliferation that followed
      partial hepatectomy. Inhibition of hepatocyte proliferation by the glycopeptide
      was suppressed by blood proteins from normal rats but not from acute phase rats.
      Alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, an acute phase protein, increased this inhibition and
      reversed the antagonistic effect of normal blood proteins. In normal baby rats a
      G1-S block of non-synchronously proliferating hepatocytes was produced in two
      situations in which the antagonistic effect of normal blood proteins was
      eliminated: after treatment of the glycopeptide with leucine-aminopeptidase, and
      after mixing it with alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. The glycopeptide did not inhibit
      cell proliferation in kidney, submaxillary gland, or tongue epithelium. It seems
      to be the active component of a system that inhibits the proliferation of
      hepatocytes, probably by reducing their sensitivity to various mitogenic stimuli.

PMID- 3690626
TI  - Growth in solid heterogeneous human colon adenocarcinomas: comparison of simple
      logistical models.
AB  - Three models of simple logistical growth were used to describe volumetric growth
      in heterogeneous tumours. Two clonal subpopulations (designated as clone A and
      clone D) originally obtained from a human colon adenocarcinoma were used to
      produce solid xenograft tumours in nude mice. Volumetric growth of tumours
      produced from pure cells alone was compared to that produced from 50% A:50% D,
      88% A:12% D, and 9% A:91% D admixtures. Gompertzian analysis of the in vivo
      growth data indicated significant differences in both the initial growth rates
      and final asymptotic limiting volumes of the pure versus the admixed tumours.
      Verhulstian and modified Verhulstian models were also used to derive regression
      curves from the same data. The fit of the curves was compared with each other
      using standard (Akaike, 1974; Schwartz, 1978) information criteria. In four of
      the five tumour populations the Gompertz equation fitted best. Only in the 88%
      A:12% D tumours did the modified Verhulst model fit best. The deviations from the
      regression curves, the residuals, for all three models were systematically
      distributed. These systematic errors are likely to be the result of using
      simplified logistical models to describe the growth kinetics of interacting
      populations in heterogeneous tumours.

PMID- 3690627
TI  - Cytotoxic effect and induction of sister chromatid exchange in exponentially
      growing rat 9L gliosarcoma cells after brief exposure to BrdU.
AB  - The magnitude of DNA modulation in rat 9L gliosarcoma cells after a brief
      exposure to bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was studied by assaying colony-forming
      efficiency (CFE) and the number of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) per
      metaphase. The CFE assay showed that a 1-hr exposure to BrdU, at concentrations
      ranging from 10 to 1000 microM, produced a maximum cell kill of 5%. After a 2-hr
      exposure to 20 microM BrdU, the surviving fraction was 0.99, and even at a BrdU
      concentration of 1000 microM, 77% of the 9L cells survived. Compared with control
      cultures, the relative number of SCEs per metaphase in treated cultures was
      increased after a 1-hr exposure to BrdU at concentrations of 100 microM or more
      and after a 2-hr exposure to concentrations of 20 microM or more; no increase was
      observed in cells treated for 30 min with BrdU at concentrations up to 1000
      microM. When the treated cells were allowed to grow in BrdU-free growth medium,
      the number of SCEs per metaphase returned to the control level within 24 hr, even
      after exposure to BrdU at concentrations as high as 1000 microM. These results
      demonstrate that exposure to BrdU at concentrations of up to 1000 microM for 30
      min, 100 microM for 1 hr, and 20 microM for 2 hr causes little modulation of DNA.

PMID- 3690628
TI  - Studies of cell polyploidy in the heart.

PMID- 3690629
TI  - Cholinesterases and cell proliferation in "nonstratified" and "stratified" cell
      aggregates from chicken retina and tectum.
AB  - Dissociated single cells from chicken retina or tectum kept in rotation-mediated
      cell culture aggregate, proliferate and establish a certain degree of
      histotypical cell-to-cell relationships ("sorting out"), but these systems never
      form highly laminated aggregates ("nonstratified" R- and T-aggregates). In
      contrast, a mixture of retinal plus pigment epithelial cells forms highly
      "stratified" aggregates ("RPE-aggregates", see Vollmer et al. 1984). The present
      comparative study of "stratified" and "nonstratified" aggregates enables us to
      investigate the process of cell proliferation uncoupled from that of tissue
      stratification. Here we try to relate these two basic neurogenetic processes with
      patterns of expression of cholinesterases (AChE, BChE) during formation of both
      types of aggregates. During early aggregate formation, in both "stratified" and
      "nonstratified" aggregates an increased butyrylcholinesterase activity is
      observed close to mitotically active cells. Quantitatively both phenomena show
      their maxima after 2-3 days in culture. In contrast, AChE-expression in all
      systems increases with incubation time. In nonproliferative areas, in the center
      of RPE-aggregates, the formation of plexiform layers is characterized initially
      by weak BChE- and then strong AChE-activity. These areas correspond with the
      inner (IPL) and outer (OPL) plexiform layers of the retina in vivo. Although by
      sucrose gradient centrifugation we find that the 6S- and the fiber-associated 11S
      molecules of AChE are present in all types of aggregates, during the culture
      period the ratio of 11S/6S-forms increases only in RPE-aggregates, which again
      indicates the advanced degree of differentiation within these
      aggregates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3690630
TI  - High-resolution scanning electron-microscopic studies on the three-dimensional
      structure of mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum in the different twitch
      muscle fibers of the frog.
AB  - The three-dimensional structure of the mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum
      (SR) in the three types of twitch fibers, i.e., the red, white and intermediate
      skeletal muscle fibers, of the vastus lateralis muscle of the Japanese meadow
      frog (Rana nigromaculata nigromaculata Hallowell) was examined by high resolution
      scanning electron microscopy, after removal of the cytoplasmic matrices. The
      small red fibers have numerous mitochondrial columns of large diameter, while the
      large white fibers have a small number of mitochondrial columns of small
      diameter. In the medium-size intermediate fibers, the number and diameter of the
      mitochondrial columns are intermediate between those of the red and white fibers.
      In all three types of fibers, the terminal cisternae and transverse tubules form
      triads at the level of each Z-line. The thick terminal cisternae continue into
      much thinner flat intermediate cisternae, through a transitional part where a row
      of tiny indentations can be observed. Numerous slender longitudinal tubules
      originating from the intermediate cisternae, extend longitudinally or obliquely
      and form elongated oval networks of various sizes in front of the A-band, then
      fuse to form the H-band collar (fenestrated collar) around the myofibrils. On the
      surface of the H-band collar, small fenestrations as well as tiny hollows are
      seen. The three-dimensional structure of SR is basically the same in all three
      muscle fiber-types. However, the SR is sparse on the surface of mitochondria, so
      the mitochondria-rich red fiber has a smaller total volume of SR than the
      mitochondria-poor white fiber. The volume of SR of the intermediate fiber is
      intermediate between other the two.

PMID- 3690631
TI  - Regenerating endothelial cells express insulin-like growth factor-I
      immunoreactivity after arterial injury.
AB  - In the present study the expression of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I;
      somatomedin C) immunoreactivity was examined in endothelial cells during repair
      after injury to the intima in the femoral artery of adult rats. Two types of
      injury were examined: (1) endothelial denudation induced by the use of a
      catheter, and (2) vessel compression by short-term ligation. In untreated rats,
      arterial endothelial cells showed no or, only infrequently, low IGF-I
      immunoreactivity in their cytoplasm. Endothelial cells at the border to the
      denuded area showed increased IGF-I immunoreactivity one day after injury to the
      intima of the femoral artery. Thrombocytes and fibrin deposits as well as vital
      endothelial cells, covered by clots, were immunonegative. The maximal intensity
      of IGF-I immunoreactivity was reached within 3 days after insult. The IGF-I
      immunoreactivity in the endothelial cells remained elevated for at least 4 weeks,
      compared to the controls. Intimal thickenings appeared within a week after injury
      and many cells in these thickenings showed intense IGF-I immunoreactivity as did
      the covering endothelial cells. Smooth muscle cells in the media were generally
      immunonegative during control conditions and after endothelial denudation.
      Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) showed, similarly to their matched controls
      (WKY), approximately the same patterns of IGF-I immunoreactivity in their
      endothelial cells both under normal conditions and after injury. It is concluded
      that IGF-I is likely to be involved in the repair of the intima in injured
      arteries.

PMID- 3690632
TI  - Comparative ultrastructure of the zona radiata from eggs of six species of
      salmonids.
AB  - The zona radiata from unactivated and activated eggs from chinook salmon
      (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), chum salmon (O. kisutch), pink salmon (O. gorbuscha),
      brown trout (Salmo trutta), rainbow trout (S. gairdneri) and lake trout
      (Salvelinus namaycush) were examined using scanning and transmission microscopy.
      The zona radiata in all species examined consisted of an outer adhesive coating,
      a thin densely staining zona radiata externa with pore canal plugs and a thick,
      fibrous zona radiata interna with a fibrous network on the inner surface. There
      was a two-layer adhesive coating over the zona radiata externa in all species
      except pink salmon in which only one layer was observed. There were structural
      differences among species in the adhesive layer, zona radiata externa and plugs
      in the pore-canal openings.

PMID- 3690633
TI  - The midline metathoracic ear of the praying mantis, Mantis religiosa.
AB  - The praying mantis, Mantis religiosa, is unique in possessing a single, tympanal
      auditory organ located in the ventral midline of its body between the
      metathoracic coxae. The ear is in a deep groove and consists of two tympana
      facing each other and backed by large air sacs. Neural transduction takes place
      in a structure at the anterior end of the groove. This tympanal organ contains 32
      chordotonal sensilla organized into three groups, two of which are 180 degrees
      out of line with the one attaching directly to the tympanum. Innervation is
      provided by Nerve root 7 from the metathoracic ganglion. Cobalt backfills show
      that the auditory neuropile is a series of finger-like projections terminating
      ipsilaterally near the midline, primarily near DC III and SMC. The auditory
      neuropile thus differs from the pattern common to all other insects previously
      studied.

PMID- 3690634
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of the muscle coat of the guinea-pig small
      intestine.
AB  - We have studied the layers of the muscular coat of the guinea-pig small intestine
      after enzymatic and chemical removal of extracellular connective tissue. The
      cells of the longitudinal muscle layer are wider, have rougher surfaces, more
      finger-like processes and more complex terminations, but fewer intercellular
      junctions than cells in the circular muscle layer. A special layer of wide, flat
      cells with a dense innervation exists at the inner margin of the circular muscle
      layer, facing the submucosa. The ganglia of the myenteric and submucosal plexuses
      are covered by a smooth basal lamina, a delicate feltwork of collagen fibrils,
      and innumerable connective tissue cells. The neuronal and glial cell processes at
      the surface of ganglia form an interlocking mosaic, which is loosely packed in
      newborn and young animals, but becomes tightly packed in adults. The arrangement
      of glial cells becomes progressively looser along finer nerve bundles. Single
      varicose nerve fibres are rarely exposed, but multiaxonal bundles are common.
      Fibroblast-like cells of characteristic shape and orientation are found in the
      serosa; around nerve ganglia; in the intermuscular connective tissue layer and in
      the circular muscle, where they bridge nerve bundles and muscle cells; at the
      submucosal face of the special, flattened inner circular muscle layer; and in the
      submucosa. Some of these fibroblast-like cells correspond to interstitial cells
      of Cajal. Other structures readily visualized by scanning electron microscopy are
      blood and lymphatic vessels and their periendothelial cells. The relationship of
      cellular elements to connective tissue was studied with three different
      preparative procedures: (1) freeze-cracked specimens of intact, undigested
      intestine; (2) 'stretch preparations' of longitudinal muscle with adhering
      myenteric plexus; (3) sheets of submucosal collagen bundles from which all
      cellular elements had been removed by prolonged detergent extraction.

PMID- 3690635
TI  - A model of myogenesis in vivo, derived from detailed autoradiographic studies of
      regenerating skeletal muscle, challenges the concept of quantal mitosis.
AB  - We have recently shown that myogenesis following severe injury is prolonged
      compared with minor injury (McGeachie and Grounds 1987). In this previous
      autoradiographic study 44 mice were injected with tritiated thymidine at various
      times after muscle injury (0 to 120 h), and samples were taken 9 d after injury
      to determine the percentage of labelled myotube nuclei. In the present study the
      same experimental data are analysed in detail to reveal how many times labelled
      muscle precursors divided before fusing to form myotubes. Additional mice were
      prepared and samples removed 1 h after injection of tritiated thymidine to
      determine the maximum grain counts of premitotic nuclei. When a labelled
      premitotic nucleus divides, each of the two daughter nuclei will contain half of
      the original label. The grain counts of nuclei resulting from sequential
      divisions of a maximally labelled premitotic nucleus, forms the basis for our
      detailed analysis which can reveal how many times a muscle precursor has divided
      after labelling. Nine days after injury the autoradiographic grain counts of
      labelled myotube nuclei were analysed in detail. The results describe an in vivo
      model of myogenesis which we use to evaluate quantitatively observations derived
      from tissue culture studies. The analysis shows that, at the onset of myogenesis
      in regenerating muscle (30 h after injury), muscle precursors divide only twice
      before fusing to form myotubes. This observation challenges the concept of
      quantal mitosis as defined by the tissue culture studies of Quinn et al. (1984,
      1985).

PMID- 3690637
TI  - Effects of colchicine administration on the endothelial cells of the developing
      semilunar heart valves of the chick embryo.
AB  - Recent ultrastructural studies have revealed that differences exist in
      endothelial cell shape and cytoskeletal architecture between the arterial and
      ventricular faces of developing semilunar valves. In the present work we analyzed
      the morphologic response of the valvular endothelial cells of chick embryos to
      colchicine by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission
      electron microscopy. The results show that colchicine administration during the
      stages of valve morphogenesis causes a very conspicuous disruption of the
      endothelial layer of the arterial face of the valves. The cells appear rounded
      and show massive surface blebbing. These alterations were not present in the
      endothelial cells on the ventricular face of the valves at the same stages. On
      the basis of these results we suggest that a difference in the degree of cell
      differentiation exists between the endothelial cells of the arterial and
      ventricular faces of the cusps and that this difference may have morphogenetic
      significance.

PMID- 3690636
TI  - Immunocytochemical and electron-microscopic investigations of the pineal organ in
      adult agamid lizards, Uromastix hardwicki.
AB  - Lacertilian species display a remarkable diversity in the organization of the
      neural apparatus of their pineal organ (epiphysis cerebri). The occurrence of
      immunoreactive S-antigen and opsin was investigated in the retina and pineal
      organ of adult lizards, Uromastix hardwicki. In this species, numerous retinal
      photoreceptors displayed S-antigen-like immunoreactivity, whereas only very few
      pinealocytes were labeled. Immunoreactive opsin was found neither in retinal
      photoreceptors nor in pinealocytes. Electron microscopy showed that all
      pinealocytes of Uromastix hardwicki resemble modified pineal photoreceptors. A
      peculiar observation is the existence of a previously undescribed membrane system
      in the inner segments of these cells. It is evidently derived from the rough
      endoplasmic reticulum but consists of smooth membranes. The modified pineal
      photoreceptor cells of Uromastix hardwicki were never seen to establish synaptic
      contacts with somata or dendrites of intrapineal neurons, which are extremely
      rare. Vesicle-crowned ribbons are prominent in the basal processes of the
      receptor cells, facing the basal lamina or establishing receptor-receptor and
      receptor-interstitial type synaptoid contacts. Dense-core granules (60-250 nm in
      diameter) speak in favor of a secretory activity of the pinealocytes. Attention
      is drawn to the existence of receptor-receptor and receptor-interstitial cell
      contacts indicating intramural cellular relationships that deserve further study.

PMID- 3690638
TI  - Biochemical and morphological characterization of primary kidney cell cultures
      from beige mutant mice.
AB  - Primary kidney cultures from adult beige-J (bgJ/bgJ) mice were selected for
      epithelial cell growth using D-valine medium. After 2 weeks of attachment and
      proliferation in vitro, the cells form a confluent or nearly confluent monolayer
      that retains several phenotypic characteristics of the beige-J mutant. These
      include large, multilamellar inclusion bodies that are apparently dysmorphic
      lysosomes, and higher concentrations of neutral glycosphingolipids and dolichols
      than control cells. beta-Glucuronidase activity, used as a lysosomal enzyme
      marker, is not elevated in beige-J-cultured kidney cells compared with controls,
      as it is in the intact kidney. The high levels of beta-glucuronidase activity in
      both control and mutant cells may mask expression of this difference in vitro.
      The action of the beige-J mutation in kidney cells is thought to be due to a
      block in exocytosis that results in the accumulation of abnormal lysosomes and
      their components. The maintenance of the beige phenotype in vitro indicates that
      the mutation is not suppressed in primary kidney cell cultures. The expression of
      the beige phenotype in vitro should be useful for studies concerning the primary
      lesion of this mutation.

PMID- 3690639
TI  - Attachment of blastocysts to lens capsule: a model system for trophoblast
      epithelial cell interaction on a natural basement membrane.
AB  - The bovine lens capsule has previously been shown to provide an optimal surface
      for the examination of epithelial cell interaction with a basement membrane. This
      native substrate has been used to investigate some initial aspects of attachment
      of mouse blastocysts and trophoblastic cellular outgrowth. Mouse blastocysts were
      presented to the cell-free humoral side of the anterior lens capsule, incubated
      for 72 h, and examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy.
      Blastocysts hatch and attach from their zonae pellucidae by 30 h. Trophoblastic
      cells proliferate rapidly in a coronal direction, display extensive surface
      microvilli, and advance by the extension of numerous filipodia, many of which
      terminate with bulbous projections. These projections were shown by transmission
      electron microscopy to contain numerous vacuoles and polysomes. To simulate
      further the initial blastocyst-uterine interaction, a suspension of lens
      epithelial cells was introduced to the capsule and permitted to form a monolayer
      prior to the addition of the blastocysts. At 72 h the monolayer of lens cells
      remained intact. We observed that: a) lens cells appear to recede from the
      advancing trophoblastic cells, and b) trophoblastic cells extend beneath the
      monolayer of lens cells and thereby dislodge the cells from the lens capsule
      substrate. No infiltration of the capsule by the advancing trophoblastic cells
      was observed. The lens capsule appears to offer a promising system for the study
      of trophoblast-epithelial cell interaction on a natural basement membrane.

PMID- 3690640
TI  - Lysosomal storage of sulfated glycosaminoglycans in renal interstitial cells of
      rats treated with tilorone.
AB  - This investigation provides histochemical evidence for lysosomal storage of
      sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the interstitial cells of the renal cortex
      and in macrophage-like cells of the renal medullary zones of rats chronically
      treated with the drug tilorone. This compound is known to interfere with
      lysosomal degradation of sulfated GAGs; therefore cells that develop GAG-storage
      can be assumed to be involved in the turnover of GAGs. In view of this
      consideration, the most remarkable and still unexplained finding was that the
      intrinsic interstitial cells in the papilla, which is known to be particularly
      rich in sulfated GAGs, did not show the cytological symptoms of lysosomal GAG
      storage. The present findings may stimulate further studies focused on the
      cellular sites of turnover of the sulfated GAGs present in the renal medullary
      interstitium.

PMID- 3690641
TI  - Mesotocin and vasotocin in the brain of the lizard Gekko gecko. An
      immunocytochemical study.
AB  - The distribution of mesotocin and vasotocin was studied in the brain of the
      lizard Gekko gecko with antisera specific for either peptide. Both mesotocinergic
      and vasotocinergic perikarya are found in the paraventricular and supraoptic
      nuclei of the hypothalamus, whereas vasotocinergic neurons are exclusively
      present in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and in a cell group of the
      rhombencephalon. The distributional pattern of the mesotocinergic fibers
      corresponds closely to that of the vasotocinergic fibers. However, throughout the
      entire brain the mesotocinergic innervation is less dense than the vasotocinergic
      innervation. No sex differences are present in the mesotocinergic fiber system.

PMID- 3690642
TI  - Morphological correlates of serotonin-neuropeptide Y interactions in the rat
      suprachiasmatic nucleus: combined radioautographic and immunocytochemical data.
AB  - The morphological substrate of putative serotonin (5-HT)/neuropeptide Y (NPY)
      interactions in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) was investigated by combined
      radioautography and immunocytochemistry after intraventricular administration of
      (3H)5-HT in the rat. In the ventral portion of the SCN, the distribution of (3H)5
      HT uptake sites overlapped closely the NPY-immunoreactive terminals. Previous
      investigations have shown that the dense 5-HT and NPY innervations of the SCN
      originate in different structures, i.e., the midbrain raphe nuclei and the
      ventral lateral geniculate nucleus, respectively. Accordingly, in the present
      study, destruction of 5-HT afferents by 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine was not found to
      induce any modification in NPY staining and, in ultrastructural immuno
      radioautographic preparations, two distinct pools of axonal varicosities could be
      identified. Both 5-HT and NPY terminals established morphologically defined
      synaptic junctions, sometimes on the same neuronal target. Some cases of direct
      axo-axonic appositions between the two types of terminals were also encountered.
      These data constitute additional criteria for characterizing the cytological
      basis of the multiple transmitter interactions presumably involved in the
      function of the SCN as a central regulator of circadian biological rhythms.

PMID- 3690643
TI  - Early structural changes in the axoplasmic cytoskeleton after axotomy studied by
      cryofixation.
AB  - Alterations in the cytoskeleton were studied in the axoplasm of neurites at the
      tips of proximal stumps of transected chicken sciatic nerves. The studies were
      carried out using cryofixation with a nitrogen-cooled propane jet. The most
      immediate effect is the almost complete disassembly of axoplasmic microtubules.
      This consequently causes the axonal transport of membrane-bounded organelles to
      cease and results in an accumulation of mitochondria and vesicles of the smooth
      endoplasmic reticulum. The neurofilament network is partially disorganized.
      Neurofilaments become shorter and fragmented, and are linked by a large number of
      anastomosed cross-linkers. The neurofilaments become newly aligned to the axis of
      the axoplasm and are of normal length 48-72 h after the transsection. At this
      stage the newly formed neurofilament bundles are in close proximity to the
      anastomosed cisternae and profiles of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The
      axonal sprouts always show a normally organized cytoskeletal network. These
      studies support the idea that the rapid remodelling of the neurofilament network
      is apparently a local event, not dependent on the slow transport of cytoskeletal
      materials to the tip of the proximal stump. The repair of the degraded
      cytoskeleton may be in accordance with the function of the endoplasmic reticulum
      as Ca2+-sequestering membrane system, which may be involved in restoring the
      physiological conditions of the axoplasm.

PMID- 3690644
TI  - Filipin-sterol complexes in golden hamster sperm membranes with special reference
      to epididymal maturation.
AB  - The distribution of membrane filipin-sterol complexes (FSCs) was qualitatively
      surveyed on freeze-fracture replicas of spermatozoa from the male reproductive
      tract and ejaculates of golden hamster. In the head, the acrosomal plasma
      membrane showed the strongest filipin labeling on the principal segment, but it
      was absent in the "quilt-like pattern" areas. These latter were observed in both
      caput and corpus epididymal spermatozoa, but were absent in mature spermatozoa.
      The postacrosomal plasma membrane had few FSCs and both the outer and inner
      acrosomal membranes were always negative to filipin. The nuclear membrane of the
      principal segment was constantly filipin-positive. The nuclear membrane of the
      postacrosomal region had more FSCs than that of the principal segment,
      particularly in mature spermatozoa. Many linear, "rod-like FSCs" were observed on
      the postacrosomal nuclear membrane of mature spermatozoa, especially in the
      uterine spermatozoan samples. In the neck, the plasma membrane had only a few
      FSCs. The redundant nuclear membrane was slightly filipin-positive, while the
      membrane scroll of mature spermatozoa was heavily labeled. In the tail, the
      plasma membrane of both the middle and principal piece was moderately labeled.

PMID- 3690645
TI  - Postnatal differentiation of the gametogenic and endocrine functions of the
      testis in the tree-shrew (Tupaia belangeri).
AB  - Testicular development was studied in Tupaia belangeri (tree-shrew) from birth to
      sexual maturity. At birth the seminiferous cords contained peripheral supporting
      cells and centrally located gonocytes. Large foetal Leydig cells were prominent
      in the interstitium. The mitotic index of the gonocytes was low at birth and rose
      to peak levels at Day 20, following the regression of the foetal generation of
      Leydig cells, and during the nadir in circulating testosterone concentrations.
      Mitotic activity returned to low levels at Day 30 in association with the
      reappearance of differentiated Leydig cells and the first signs of increased
      androgenesis. The negative temporal relationship between mitogenesis and
      androgenic function suggests that the proliferation of the gonocytes does not
      require, and may be inhibited by, high titres of androgens. Post-mitotic
      development of the gonocytes occurred during a period of rising testosterone
      levels, and the first appearance of spermatogonia coincided with peak
      testosterone levels. This indicates that androgens may be specifically involved
      in the initiation of spermatogenesis. Spermatogenesis progressed to completion
      during a phase of declining testosterone levels. The precise temporal
      correlations established during post-natal development suggest that the tree
      shrew is a suitable animal model for studies on the endocrine control of the
      initiation of spermatogenesis in primates.

PMID- 3690646
TI  - Human levels of DDT residues in selected Zimbabwe communities.

PMID- 3690647
TI  - Evaluation of immunization coverage and disability survey in Buhera district,
      1985.

PMID- 3690648
TI  - Aplastic anaemia in Zimbabweans.

PMID- 3690649
TI  - Psychological disorders in Africa. II: Clinical issues.

PMID- 3690651
TI  - Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the thyroid in a 30-year-old Nigerian female.

PMID- 3690650
TI  - Drug-induced haemolysis masquerading as blackwater fever.

PMID- 3690652
TI  - Seasonal patterns in water contact and the influence of water availability on
      contact activities in two schistosomiasis-endemic areas in Zimbabwe.

PMID- 3690654
TI  - Psychological disorders in Africa: service delivery.

PMID- 3690653
TI  - A symphysial-fundal height nomogram for central Africa.

PMID- 3690655
TI  - The nephrotic syndrome and myocardial infarction--a case report.

PMID- 3690657
TI  - Diffuse coronary artery to left ventricle communications.

PMID- 3690656
TI  - Percutaneous retrieval of foreign body from the left ventricular cavity.
AB  - During aortic valvuloplasty a guidewire was broken, and the broken fragment
      remained in the left ventricle. This left ventricular foreign body was retrieved
      percutaneously by a snare.

PMID- 3690658
TI  - The c-myc gene encodes superimposed RNA polymerase II and III promoters.
AB  - The first exon of the c-myc gene has unusual properties that suggest some further
      role in gene regulation. It encodes a large, evolutionarily conserved leader exon
      that is transcribed more frequently than the remaining exons of the c-myc gene.
      In what follows, we provide a possible explanation for these observations. We
      find that the major promoter of the c-myc gene is bifunctional; that is, it
      supports transcription by RNA polymerases II and III (pol II and III). Both
      enzymes initiate in vitro transcription from the major c-myc initiation site
      (P2), but pol III is completely blocked near the 3' end of the first exon while
      pol II, though partially blocked, transcribes through this region. These
      superimposed transcriptional activities suggest a potential regulatory mechanism
      by which one polymerase system could influence the activity of another.

PMID- 3690659
TI  - Two complexes that contain histones are required for nucleosome assembly in
      vitro: role of nucleoplasmin and N1 in Xenopus egg extracts.
AB  - The composition and function of histone storage complexes of Xenopus eggs have
      been investigated using monoclonal antibodies. We show that core histones are
      contained in two distinct complexes: H2A and H2B are associated with
      nucleoplasmin, and H3 and H4 are associated with nuclear protein N1.
      Immunodepletion analyses demonstrate that both complexes are required for
      nucleosome core assembly by extracts in vitro, the product being a simple sum of
      the histones from each complex. In addition, the majority of the stored H2A is
      shown to be an unusual form that migrates close to the position of H3 by SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and resembles a variant synthesized in a cell
      cycle-independent manner in mammalian cells.

PMID- 3690660
TI  - A cell that dies during wild-type C. elegans development can function as a neuron
      in a ced-3 mutant.
AB  - Mutations in the C. elegans gene ced-3 prevent almost all programmed cell deaths,
      so that in a ced-3 mutant there are many extra cells. We show that the pharyngeal
      neuron M4 is essential for feeding in wild-type worms, but in a ced-3 mutant, one
      of the extra cells, probably MSpaaaaap (the sister of M4), can sometimes take
      over M4's function. The function of MSpaaaaap, unlike that of M4, is variable and
      subnormal. One possible explanation is that its fate, being hidden by death and
      not subject to selection, has drifted randomly during evolution. We suggest that
      such cells may play roles in the evolution of cell lineage analogous to those
      played by pseudogenes in the evolution of genomes.

PMID- 3690661
TI  - The sex-determining region of the human Y chromosome encodes a finger protein.
AB  - The presence or absence of the Y chromosome determines whether a mammalian embryo
      develops as a male or female. In humans, genetic deletion analysis of "sex
      reversed" individuals has identified a small portion of the Y chromosome
      necessary and sufficient to induce testicular differentiation of the bipotential
      gonad. We report the cloning of a 230-kilobase segment of the human Y chromosome
      that contains some or all of the testis-determining factor gene (TDF), the master
      sex-determining locus. The cloned region spans the deletion in a female who
      carries all but 160 kilobases of the Y. Certain DNA sequences within this region
      were highly conserved during evolution; homologs occur on the Y chromosomes of
      all mammals examined. In particular, homologous sequences are found within the
      sex-determining region of the mouse Y chromosome. The nucleotide sequence of this
      conserved DNA on the human Y chromosome suggests that it encodes a protein with
      multiple "finger" domains, as first described in frog transcription factor IIIA.
      The encoded protein probably binds to nucleic acids in a sequence-specific
      manner, and may regulate transcription. Very similar DNA sequences occur on the X
      chromosome of humans and other mammals. We discuss the possibility that the Y
      encoded finger protein is the testis-determining factor, and propose models of
      sex determination accommodating the finding of a related locus on the X
      chromosome. The presence of similar sequences in birds suggests a possible role
      not only in the XX/XY sex determination system of mammals, but also in the ZZ/ZW
      system of birds.

PMID- 3690662
TI  - Control of plastid gene expression: 3' inverted repeats act as mRNA processing
      and stabilizing elements, but do not terminate transcription.
AB  - We have examined the function of inverted repeat sequences found at the 3' ends
      of plastid DNA transcription units in higher plants, using a homologous in vitro
      transcription extract. The inverted repeat sequences are ineffective as
      transcription terminators, but serve as efficient RNA processing elements.
      Synthetic RNAs are processed in a 3'-5' direction by a nuclease activity present
      in the transcription extract, generating nearly homogeneous 3' ends distal to the
      inverted repeat sequence. S1 nuclease protection experiments demonstrate that the
      3' ends generated in vitro coincide with those found for plastid mRNAs in vivo.
      RNA molecules possessing inverted repeats near their 3' ends are substantially
      more stable than control RNAs in the chloroplast extract, and kinetic
      measurements indicate that each RNA has a unique decay rate. Coupled with
      previously published information suggesting that the differential accumulation of
      plastid RNAs during development is effectively controlled by post-transcriptional
      mechanisms, these results raise the possibility that RNA processing and
      stability, specifically involving 3' end inverted repeats, are important
      regulatory features of plastid gene expression.

PMID- 3690663
TI  - Germ line maintenance of plasmids in transgenic mice.

PMID- 3690664
TI  - Telomeric DNA oligonucleotides form novel intramolecular structures containing
      guanine-guanine base pairs.
AB  - Structural properties of DNA oligonucleotides corresponding to the single
      stranded molecular terminus of telomeres from several organisms were analyzed.
      Based on physical studies including nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis, absorbance thermal denaturation analysis, and 1H and 31P nuclear
      magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we conclude that these molecules can self
      associate by forming non-Watson-Crick, guanine.guanine based-paired,
      intramolecular structures. These structures form below 40 degrees C at moderate
      ionic strength and neutral pH and behave like hairpin duplexes in nondenaturing
      polyacrylamide gels. Detailed analysis of the hairpin structure formed by the
      telomeric sequence from Tetrahymena, (T2G4)4, shows that it is a unique structure
      stabilized by hydrogen bonds and contains G residues in the syn conformation. We
      propose that this novel form of DNA is important for telomere function and sets a
      precedent for the biological relevance of non-Watson-Crick base-paired DNA
      structures.

PMID- 3690665
TI  - Functional domains of the human estrogen receptor.
AB  - Two domains of the human estrogen receptor, responsible for hormone binding
      (region E) and tight nuclear binding (region C), are essential for the receptor
      to activate efficiently the transcription of estrogen-responsive genes. Region D,
      which joins the DNA- and hormone-binding domains, can be altered without
      affecting activation. Deletion of the N-terminal domain (region A/B) has no
      effect on activation of a reporter gene containing a vitellogenin estrogen
      responsive element (ERE) and the HSV-tk promoter, whereas it severely impairs
      activation of the human pS2 gene promoter. Deletion of most or all of the hormone
      binding domain leads to only about 5% constitutive transcriptional activity, yet
      these mutants appear to bind efficiently to an ERE in vivo. Apparently, region C
      recognizes the ERE of target genes, and the hormone-binding domain plays an
      essential role for efficient activation of transcription.

PMID- 3690666
TI  - The interplay of DNA-binding proteins on the promoter of the mouse albumin gene.
AB  - The promoter of the mouse albumin gene contains at least six binding sites for
      specific DNA-binding proteins (A to F). Four of these sites (A, D, E, and F) can
      be occupied by transcription factors that are considerably enriched in liver
      nuclei, as compared to spleen or brain nuclei. These factors consist of a heat
      stable protein that fills sites A, D, and F, and a member of a family of nuclear
      factor I (NF-I) related proteins that occupies site E. Site C binds a protein
      that is equally abundant in liver, brain, and spleen nuclei. Occupancy of this
      site and the binding of the heat-stable factor to the immediately adjacent site D
      appear to be mutually exclusive. However, both of these competing binding sites
      are required for maximal in vitro transcription.

PMID- 3690667
TI  - Position-independent, high-level expression of the human beta-globin gene in
      transgenic mice.
AB  - We have constructed a "minilocus" that contains the 5' and 3' flanking regions of
      the human beta-globin locus and the beta-globin gene. These regions are
      characterized by erythroid-specific DNAase I-superhypersensitive sites and are
      normally located approximately 50 kb 5' and 20 kb 3' of the beta-globin gene.
      This minilocus is expressed tissue-specifically in transgenic mice at a level
      directly related to its copy number yet independent of its position of
      integration in the genome. Moreover, the expression per gene copy is the same in
      each mouse and as high as that of the endogenous mouse beta-globin gene. These
      results indicate that the DNA regions flanking the human beta-globin locus
      contain dominant regulatory sequences that specify position-independent
      expression and normally activate the complete human multigene beta-globin locus.

PMID- 3690668
TI  - Expression of a single transfected cDNA converts fibroblasts to myoblasts.
AB  - 5-azacytidine treatment of mouse C3H10T1/2 embryonic fibroblasts converts them to
      myoblasts at a frequency suggesting alteration of one or only a few closely
      linked regulatory loci. Assuming such loci to be differentially expressed as
      poly(A)+ RNA in proliferating myoblasts, we prepared proliferating myoblast
      specific, subtracted cDNA probes to screen a myocyte cDNA library. Based on a
      number of criteria, three cDNAs were selected and characterized. We show that
      expression of one of these cDNAs transfected into C3H10T1/2 fibroblasts, where it
      is not normally expressed, is sufficient to convert them to stable myoblasts.
      Myogenesis also occurs, but to a lesser extent, when this cDNA is expressed in a
      number of other cell lines. The major open reading frame encoded by this cDNA
      contains a short protein segment similar to a sequence present in the myc protein
      family.

PMID- 3690669
TI  - Prealbumin gene expression during mouse development studied by in situ
      hybridization.
AB  - Localization of prealbumin mRNA in tissues from mice at various stages of
      gestation was investigated using in situ hybridization procedures. Prealbumin
      mRNA was detected as early as the 10th day of gestation. It was specifically
      localized in endodermal cells of the visceral yolk sac, tela choroidea, and
      hepatocytes. In the adult mice, prealbumin mRNA was localized in the hepatocytes
      and choroid plexus epithelial cells. These observations indicate that synthesis
      of prealbumin mRNA is initiated in several different types of cells at early
      stages of fetal development.

PMID- 3690670
TI  - The developmental fate of Dictyostelium discoideum cells depends greatly on the
      cell-cycle position at the onset of starvation.
AB  - The relationship between the development of Dictyostelium discoideum Ax-2 and the
      cell cycle at the onset of starvation was analysed with special reference to
      sorting behaviors during the formation of polarized cell masses (slugs), using a
      method for inducing good synchrony. Cells starved at different cell-cycle
      positions showed different developmental features during further culture. For
      example, cells just before mitosis and dividing cells were sorted out into the
      anterior prestalk zone of migrating slugs, while cells starved during most of the
      G2-phase, into the posterior prespore zone. Time courses of cell aggregation and
      tip formation were also found to vary greatly in a cell-cycle-related manner, and
      cells starved during the late G2-phase showed the most rapid development.
      Differential chemotaxis and cohesiveness are generally considered to be important
      for cell sorting in Dictyostelium development. In fact, remarkable differences in
      the chemotactic ability to a chemoattractant, cAMP, were detected among cells
      starved at any particular phase of the cell cycle. EDTA-resistant cohesiveness
      was also acquired differently depending on the cell cycle, and it was stronger in
      the cells showing more rapid aggregation. These findings indicate a close
      relation of the cell cycle to the cell sorting and pattern formation. The
      possible significance of the cell-cycle-related events presented here is
      discussed, with special emphasis on the process of cell aggregation.

PMID- 3690671
TI  - The effect of local cortical microfilament disorganization on ooplasmic
      segregation in the loach (Misgurnus fossilis) egg.
AB  - Injections of cytochalasin D (CD) or DNase I under the surface of fertilized
      loach egg result in local disorganization of microfilamentous cortex (MC) as
      revealed by transmission electron microscopy. This effect correlates with the
      loss of the cortex ability to contract in vitro. The disorganization of MC in the
      vegetal hemisphere of the egg does not affect the ooplasm segregation or
      blastodisk cleavage. Injection under the animal pole suppresses blastodisk
      formation and results in the autonomous separation of ooplasm in the central part
      of the egg. The experiments suggest that (1) autonomous separation of ooplasm
      from the yolk granules can proceed in the central part of the egg without the
      participation of MC; (2) normal segregation of ooplasm at the animal pole
      requires that the structures of microfilaments in the animal hemisphere (but not
      in the vegetal one) be preserved.

PMID- 3690672
TI  - Glucose metabolism in transdifferentiating and glucose-blocked cultures of chick
      embryo neuroretinal cells: an inverse relationship between glycogen and delta
      crystallin accumulation.
AB  - Chick embryo neuroretinal (NR) cells transdifferentiate extensively into lens
      when cultured for several weeks in low-glucose (FH) medium, but fail to do so
      when high levels of supplementary glucose (FHG) are present. We show here that
      most aspects of glucose metabolism are promoted in high-glucose cultures,
      including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6
      PDH) activities, 2-deoxyglucose uptake, pentose shunt activity and lactate
      production. Continuous supplementation of high-glucose cultures with low levels
      of ouabain (FHGO) significantly lowers 2-deoxyglucose uptake, from FHG levels
      down towards FH levels, especially during the early stages of NR culture. Much
      later, extensive transdifferentiation into lentoids (with concomitant delta
      crystallin accumulation) occurs in these FHGO cultures, which thus resemble FH
      rather than FHG controls. Another parameter strongly affected by ambient glucose
      levels is the accumulation of glycogen. Both glycogen itself and glycogen
      synthetase activity increase steadily in FHG cultures, but decrease slightly
      under FH conditions. Glycogen accumulation in FHG cultures is largely confined to
      glial-like cells, particularly those underlying clusters of neurones. Other
      studies have shown that glial differentiation in vitro is promoted by histotypic
      interactions with retinal neurones. Thus high glucose may act in concert with
      neuronal influences to stimulate or stabilize the normal differentiation of
      retinal glial cells, whose characteristic features in vivo include glycogen
      synthesis and storage. Furthermore, we show that supplementation of high-glucose
      cultures with forskolin or dibutyryl cyclic AMP (both of which promote
      glycogenolysis) results in a slower rate of glycogen accumulation and in enhanced
      transdifferentiation into lens. In both respects, the forskolin- and dibutyryl
      cAMP-supplemented FHG cultures are intermediate between FH and FHG controls. Thus
      the enhancement of normal glial differentiation in NR cultures by high glucose
      may inhibit or preclude subsequent transdifferentiation into lens.

PMID- 3690673
TI  - Early germ cell segregation and distribution in the quail blastodisc.
AB  - The distribution and number of primordial germ cells has been analyzed in quail
      blastodiscs from the incubated state to the 13-somite stage, treated in toto with
      monoclonal antibody QH1. Some cells were already positive in unincubated
      blastulas some 18 h earlier than described with other markers in previous studies
      of avian development. The number of PGCs increased from 2-3 in the unincubated
      state to more than 100 at the early primitive streak stage. During following
      stages their numbers did not increase significantly. At first these cells were
      isolated, thereafter they often assembled in small groups and progressively
      gathered into Swift's crescent. It is concluded that PGCs begin segregating in
      birds at the blastula stage and that they multiply until the primitive streak
      stage.

PMID- 3690674
TI  - Density dependent growth of corneal endothelial cells cultured in vitro.
AB  - Using the cornea of macaque monkey, we demonstrated the relationship between cell
      density and growth of endothelial cells in vitro. Corneal endothelial cells in a
      cell sheet grow most actively in regions with cell density of 1000 to 1800
      cells/mm2, in explant cultures and cell sheets and in concentrated inocula
      dissociated cells. Cell morphology was well sustained in these cultures. Cells
      cultured at a higher cell density retained their potential to proliferate
      actively, showing clear contrast to cells cultured at a density lower than 200
      cells/mm2. When dissociated cells were cultured at a low density and maintained
      for more than 4 weeks, they gradually lost their growth potential, altered into
      polymorphonuclear giant cells and eventually dedifferentiated. In addition, cells
      with no contact with each other did not express growth potential. Density
      dependent growth was confirmed by measuring the mitotic index against the cell
      density per square mm from the center to the peripheral regions in cultured
      explants. It is concluded that the growth pattern of corneal endothelial cells is
      closely related to cell density, and that growth of these cells might be
      regulated through intercellular communications.

PMID- 3690675
TI  - Evidence for a cyclic renewal of lymphocyte precursor cells in the embryonic
      chick thymus.
AB  - Experiments involving sequential transplantations of the chick embryonic thymus
      at E9 to E12 into a first 3-day host quail embryo and then into a second chick
      host allowed demonstration of the cyclic periodicity of hemopoietic cell seeding
      of the embryonic thymus. After a first wave of colonization occurring between
      E6.5 and E8, the thymus becomes refractory to hemopoietic cell entry for about 4
      days. It resumes its capacity to be seeded by a second wave of blood-borne stem
      cells at E12. After a second period of non receptivity starting at E14, a third
      wave of incoming cells reaches the thymus around E18. Therefore, with a slightly
      different periodicity, the same cyclic mechanism regulates the renewal of
      lymphocytes in chick and quail embryos. Quail hemopoietic cells were
      immunostained in the chimeric thymuses, with a species specific monoclonal
      antibody (anti-MB1) which recognizes a common surface antigenic determinant on
      all endothelial and blood cells of the quail (except erythrocytes). Two steps
      could thus be distinguished in the seeding process. When the thymus becomes
      receptive for hemopoietic cells, the latter first accumulate in the intrathymic
      blood vessels before penetrating massively in the thymic parenchyma. The quail
      chick-chimera system combined with the use of a species- and cell-type-specific
      antibody provides a unique tool for studying thymic colonization by lymphocyte
      precursors.

PMID- 3690676
TI  - Macrophage-mediated suppression of immune responses in Toxoplasma-infected mice.
      III. Suppression of antibody responses to parasite itself.
AB  - In acute Toxoplasma infection, anti-sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) antibody responses
      were strongly suppressed in the infected C57BL/6 mice, and the mice produced low
      titers of only 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME)-sensitive antibodies but not 2-ME
      resistant antibodies. By contrast, the infected BALB/c mice produced much higher
      titers of both 2-ME-sensitive and -resistant anti-SRBC antibodies than the
      infected C57BL/6 mice. In anti-Toxoplasma antibody responses, the 2-ME-resistant
      antibody titers were significantly lower in the infected C57BL/6 mice than in the
      BALB/c mice in the early phase of infection, suggesting that the suppressive
      effect of Toxoplasma infection affects antibody responses to Toxoplasma itself as
      well as to the unrelated antigen, SRBC. A histological study revealed that in the
      infected C57BL/6 mice, a large number of acid phosphatase-positive, macrophage
      like cells infiltrated into the follicles of their spleens, and an involution of
      follicles occurred in the acute phase of infection. This histological change was
      not observed in the infected BALB/c mice. The infected C57BL/6 mice, which had
      the suppressed anti-Toxoplasma antibody responses, made five times as many as
      cysts in their brains as compared with the BALB/c mice at the fifth week of
      infection.

PMID- 3690677
TI  - Definition of a secondary target cell trigger during natural killer cell
      cytotoxicity: possible role of phospholipase A2.
AB  - Phospholipase A2 (PA-2) is known to be involved in many calcium-dependent
      cellular processes and inhibitors of PA-2 have been shown to inhibit natural
      killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity (NK CMC). Since the trigger stage is calcium
      dependent, it was postulated that this effector cell-associated enzyme may play a
      role in early calcium-dependent processes. To define how PA-2 might be involved
      in NK lysis, the effect of both PA-2 inhibitors and exogenous PA-2 on the stages
      of NK lysis was examined. PA-2 inhibitors, quinacrine and p-bromophenacyl
      bromide, inhibited NK CMC at the effector cell level, but affected neither
      initial target-effector cell binding nor dissociated conjugates during the length
      of the NK assay, suggesting that they block post-binding lytic events. A calcium
      pulse assay showed that PA-2 inhibitors inhibit only moderately when added after
      calcium and only within the first 15 min, demonstrating that these inhibitors
      blocked very early post-binding lytic events. Because this very early post
      binding inhibitory effect was consistent with effects upon the NK trigger
      mechanism, the effect of exogenous PA-2 on NK lysis was tested. Pretreatment of
      K562 target cells but not pretreatment of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) with
      20 units/ml PA-2 enhanced lysis by two to eight-fold (based upon lytic units),
      showing its enhancing effect to be at the target cell level. Single cell assays
      using effector cells purified by indirect panning with monoclonal antibody NKH-1
      showed that only the number of killer cells was increased. Calcium pulse assays
      showed that enhancement of lysis was maximum 15 min after addition of calcium and
      decreased rapidly thereafter, demonstrating its effect at an early post binding
      stage. Additionally, PA-2 was shown to overcome inhibition by the monoclonal
      antibody 13.3, which has been shown to affect the trigger stage of NK lysis (post
      binding but prior to calcium dependent events). Thus, it appears that an NK cell
      associated PA-2 could function by modulating the target cell surface, revealing a
      structure which acts as a "secondary" trigger, subsequent to the 13.3 "trigger",
      requisite for activation of the NK lytic process.

PMID- 3690678
TI  - Migration of nuclei and perikaryal cytoplasm along the cytoplasmic processes of
      differentiated neuroblastoma cells.
AB  - Time-lapse microcinematography of the cultures of mouse neuroblastoma C-1300
      revealed several cases of directional translocation of nucleus-containing cell
      body along the elongated cytoplasmic processes of differentiated neuron-like
      cells. This unusual type of intracellular movement observed in vitro is similar
      to perikaryal translocation previously described in certain types of developing
      brain neurons in vivo. Translocation of nuclei was often accompanied by local
      contractions of surrounding cytoplasm. Repeated contractions and relaxations of
      cytoplasm were also observed in the same cultures in the course of transformation
      of undifferentiated well-spread neuroblast-like into differentiated neuron-like
      cells. Possible mechanisms of perikaryal translocations are discussed.

PMID- 3690680
TI  - Vitamin A promotes DNA synthesis and mitosis in blastemas of Triturus alpestris.
AB  - Vitamin A palmitate orally administered to young, post-metamorphic Triturus
      alpestris (Amphibia-Urodela), for 4 and 7 days after bilateral forelimb
      amputation at the middle of the zeugopodium, enhanced the mean DNA content of the
      blastema cells. Moreover, the number of cells in mitosis was nearly twice as high
      in vitamin A treated animals than in control ones.

PMID- 3690679
TI  - Enhancing effects of bovine serum albumin on cell injury in vitro induced with Fe
      NTA.
AB  - Direct effects of ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA) on normal rat liver
      epithelial cells (RL34) in serum-free culture were studied. More than 10
      micrograms/ml iron of Fe-NTA was cytotoxic and the cytotoxicity was prevented by
      adding apotransferrin into culture medium. Also, bovine serum albumin (BSA),
      which is known to bind Fe-NTA, was found to promote the cytotoxicity, while fatty
      acids-free BSA (F-BSA) prevented it. This result indicates that fatty acids
      rather than albumin promote Fe-NTA cytotoxicity.

PMID- 3690681
TI  - Chemically induced changes in the morphology, dynamic activity and cytoskeletal
      organization of Physarum cell fragments.
AB  - Spherical cell fragments derived from Physarum polycephalum by caffeine-treatment
      were used as an experimental system to investigate the influence of 15 externally
      applied substances on the general morphology, motile behavior and cytoskeletal
      organization of the acellular slime mold. In comparison to controls, the most
      obvious changes observed after chemical stimulation proved to be cytokinetic
      activities, ameboid-like movement phenomena, intense cell surface dynamics and
      formation of cytoplasmic actin fibrils. The results demonstrate the high
      adaptability of the microfilament system in Physarum even when subjected to
      extreme conditions in the external environment.

PMID- 3690682
TI  - In vitro effect of rabbit anti sea star lymphocyte serum on axial organ cells.
AB  - The axial organ (AO-cells) of the sea star Asterias rubens is a primitive immune
      organ. The total population was fractionated or not into two populations:
      adherent (B-like) and non adherent (T-like) to nylon wool. Rabbit anti sea star
      lymphocyte serum induces the proliferation of axial organ cells. The T-like
      antiserum stimulates the T-like cells exclusively; the whole axial organ cell
      antiserum only stimulates the whole axial organ cell population.

PMID- 3690683
TI  - Homology of a conserved sequence in the tail domain of intermediate filament
      proteins with the loop region of calcium binding proteins.

PMID- 3690684
TI  - Vessel-like sprouts may develop from fibroblasts in vitro.

PMID- 3690685
TI  - Stress fiber reformation after ATP depletion.
AB  - Fluorescently labeled heavy meromyosin, alpha-actinin, and vinculin were used to
      localize actin, alpha-actinin, and vinculin, respectively, in permeabilized and
      living cells during the process of stress fiber reassembly, which occurred when
      cells were removed from ATP-depleting medium (20 mM sodium azide and 10 mM 2
      deoxyglucose). In 80% of the cells recovering from ATP depletion, small,
      scattered plaques containing actin, alpha-actinin, and vinculin were replaced by
      long, thin, periodic fibers within 5 minutes of removal of the inhibitors. These
      nascent stress fibers grew broader as recovery progressed, until they attained
      the thickness of stress fibers in control cells. In the other 20% of the cells,
      the scattered plaques aggregated within 5 minutes of reversal, and almost all the
      actin, alpha-actinin, and vinculin in the cells became localized in one
      perinuclear aggregate, with a diameter of approximately 15-25 micron. As recovery
      progressed, all aggregates resembled rings, with diameters that increased at
      about 0.5 micron/minute and grew to as large as 70 micron in some giant cells. As
      the size of the rings increased, fibers radiated outward from them and sometimes
      spanned the diameter of the rings. The shape of the cells did not change during
      this time. By 1 hour after reversal, the rings were no longer present and all
      cells had networks of stress fibers. Indirect immunofluorescence techniques used
      to localize tubulin and vimentin indicated that microtubules and intermediate
      filaments were not constituents of the rings, and the rings were not closely
      apposed to the substrate, judging from reflection contrast optics. The rapid
      rearrangement of attachment plaques into a perinuclear aggregate that spreads
      radially in the cytoplasm occurs at the same speed as fibroblast and chromosomal
      movement, but is unlike other types of intracytoplasmic motility.

PMID- 3690686
TI  - Subcortical rotation in Xenopus eggs: a preliminary study of its mechanochemical
      basis.
AB  - The amphibian egg undergoes a 30 degree rotation of its subcortical contents
      relative to its surface during the first cell cycle, a displacement of 350 micron
      in 50 min. This is directly visualized by following the movement of an array of
      Nile blue (a subcortical stain) spots applied to the egg periphery (Vincent,
      Oster, and Gerhart: Dev Bio 113:484-500, '86). We have investigated the
      mechanochemical basis of this unusual cell motility. Subcortical rotation depends
      on microtubule integrity during its entire course and is insensitive to
      inhibitors of microfilament assembly. It does not depend on newly synthesized
      proteins for its operation or timing, and it does not involve calcium-dependent
      processes. Finally, we show that vegetal fragments of the egg can complete
      rotation on their own, indicating that mechanochemical components can operate
      locally in this hemisphere.

PMID- 3690687
TI  - Cell type-specific association between two types of spectrin and two types of
      intermediate filaments.
AB  - We have demonstrated a differential association between two types of spectrin,
      from erythrocytes and brain, with two types of intermediate filaments, vimentin
      filaments and neurofilaments. Electron microscopy showed that erythrocyte
      spectrin promoted the binding of vimentin filaments to red cell inside-out
      vesicles via lateral associations with the filaments. In vitro binding studies
      showed that the association of spectrin with vimentin filaments was apparently
      saturable, increased with temperature, and could be prevented by heat
      denaturation of the spectrin. Comparisons were made between erythrocyte and brain
      spectrin binding to both vimentin filaments and neurofilaments. We found that
      vimentin filaments bound more erythrocyte spectrin than brain spectrin, while
      neurofilaments bound more brain spectrin than erythrocyte spectrin. Our results
      show that both erythroid and nonerythroid spectrins are capable of binding to
      intermediate filaments and that such associations may be characterized by
      differential affinities of the various types of spectrin with the several classes
      of intermediate filaments present in cells. Our results also suggest a role for
      both erythroid and nonerythroid spectrins in mediating the association of
      intermediate filaments with plasma membranes or other cytoskeletal elements.

PMID- 3690688
TI  - Binding of mammalian brain microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) to insect
      ovarian microtubules.
AB  - In this study we have applied microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) from
      mammalian brain to both native and reassembled insect ovarian microtubules. Such
      microtubules, which are normally smooth walled, become decorated with projections
      similar to those observed when mammalian brain MAPs are added back to assembling
      or assembled mammalian brain microtubules. The mammalian MAPs were also detected
      as components of insect microtubules when analyzed by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. Our observations suggest that mammalian brain MAPs have common
      binding sites on microtubules from two widely different sources and indicate the
      degree of evolutionary conservation of such sites.

PMID- 3690689
TI  - Structural and chemical characterization of isolated centrosomes.
AB  - A procedure adapted from that described by Mitchison and Kirschner [Nature
      312:232-237, 1984] was used to isolate centrosomes from human lymphoid cells.
      High yields of homogeneous centrosomes (60% of the theoretical total, assuming
      one centrosome per cell) were obtained. Centrosomes were isolated as pairs of
      centrioles, plus their associated pericentriolar material. Ultrastructural
      investigation revealed: 1) a link between both centrioles in a centrosome formed
      by the gathering in of a unique bundle of thin filaments surrounding each
      centriole; 2) a stereotypic organization of the pericentriolar material,
      including a rim of constant width at the proximal end of each centriole and a
      disc of nine satellite arms organized according to a ninefold symmetry at the
      distal end and; 3) an axial hub in the lumen of each centriole at the distal end
      surrounded by some ill-defined material. The total protein content was 2 to 3 X
      10(-2) pg per isolated centrosome, a figure that suggests that the preparations
      were close to homogeneity. The protein composition was complex but specific,
      showing proteins ranging from 180 to 300 kD, one prominent band at 130 kD, and a
      group of proteins between 50 and 65 kD. Actin was also present in centrosome
      preparations. Functional studies demonstrated that the isolated centrosomes were
      competent to nucleate microtubules in vitro from purified tubulin in conditions
      in which spontaneous assembly could not occur. They were also very effective at
      inducing cleavage when microinjected into unfertilized Xenopus eggs.

PMID- 3690690
TI  - Dynamics of behaviour during neuronal morphogenesis in culture.
AB  - We report a developmental sequence in the type and frequency of behaviours of
      neurons differentiating in vitro. We characterised these changes with extensive
      analysis of time-lapse sequences from both the continuing cell line
      pheochromocytoma PC12 and primary mixed cell culture of cat and mouse central
      nervous system. PC12 cells activated by nerve growth factor (NGF) differentiate
      in a uniform and synchronous manner. This allowed the first quantification of
      changes in different neuron behaviours during morphogenesis. Shortly after NGF
      activation, PC12 cells are highly labile in morphology and exhibit a large
      variety of morphological behaviours. During the first week of differentiation,
      the frequency of these behaviours declines, and gross morphology becomes more
      stable. The frequency of neurite initiation after 1 week in NGF is one-seventh
      what it was after 2 days in NGF. Over the same period, neurite retraction
      declines to one-third, and somal migration ceases altogether. Growth-cone
      activity does not decline during development. These behaviour changes correlate
      with published data on the differentiation of the neurite cytoskeleton. A
      qualitatively similar ontogeny was noted in the differentiation of CNS neurons in
      mixed cell culture. Major differences occur in the relative timing of changes in
      behaviours. Mature, stable morphology is not detected in these cultures until 7
      weeks in vitro.

PMID- 3690691
TI  - Analysis of the flagellar bending waves of ejaculated ram sperm.
AB  - The variability of flagellar movement, illustrated by the highly heterogeneous
      nature of the ejaculated sperm population of the ram, was analyzed by the use of
      a stroboscopic technique and an adapted microphotographic 24 X 36 camera system.
      The multiple-moving-exposures (MME) records give very distinct successive
      sequences of the flagellar beats and are particularly suitable for the analysis
      of bend development and propagation along the tail. With this technique, the
      parameters of the flagellar bending waves of ejaculated ram sperm have been
      determined. Most of the sperm have planar flagellar beatings; few are rolling
      under the conditions of observation. The trajectories of the gametes are mostly
      linear; nevertheless, some have circular paths. The analysis of bending has been
      focused on two examples for which the difference in the progressiveness ratio was
      maximum. The circular pathways for ram spermatozoa are linked to an asymmetry
      between principal and reverse bend probably induced by differences in wave
      propagation evidenced along the flagellum. A typical sperm flagellar movement may
      be related either to the conditions of the observations or to some differences in
      the maturation process of the sperm.

PMID- 3690692
TI  - In vitro effects of benzodiazepines on ciliogenesis in the quail oviduct.
AB  - Immature oviduct implants from quails stimulated by estrogen to induce
      ciliogenesis were submitted to the in vitro action of benzodiazepines in
      organotypic culture. Diazepam and medazepam were added to the culture medium for
      24 or 48 hours and tissues were examined by transmission and scanning electron
      microscopy for alterations in ciliary differentiation. Ciliogenesis was inhibited
      by both diazepam and medazepam, which affected mainly the migration of the basal
      bodies. Assembly of basal bodies was achieved normally in the cytoplasm, but
      their separation from generative complexes and migration toward the apical
      membrane were prevented. They remained in clusters around a deuterosome or
      eventually anchored to the close lateral plasma membrane. Furthermore, the drugs
      affected mature beating cilia, which then appeared lying tangentially to the cell
      surface. Relation between basal bodies and cortical cytoskeleton seemed to be
      altered by the drugs, which implies that the bearing of cilia and probably the
      ciliary beating movement were modified. Microvillus development was also altered
      by the action of these drugs.

PMID- 3690693
TI  - Binding and distribution of fluorescently labeled filamin in permeabilized and
      living cells.
AB  - This study reports the first development of a fluorescently labeled filamin.
      Smooth muscle filamin was labeled with fluorescent dyes in order to study its
      interaction with stress fibers and myofibrils, both in living cells and in
      permeabilized cells. The labeled filamin bound to the Z bands of isolated cross
      striated myofibrils and to the Z bands and intercalated discs in both
      permeabilized embryonic cardiac myocytes and in frozen sections of adult rat
      ventricle. In permeabilized embryonic chick myotubes, filamin bound to early
      myotubes but was absent at later stages. In living embryonic chick myotubes, the
      fluorescently labeled filamin was incorporated into the Z bands of myofibrils
      during early and late stages of development but was absent during an intermediate
      stage. In living cardiac myocytes, filamin-IAR was incorporated into nascent as
      well as fully formed sarcomeres throughout development. In permeabilized
      nonmuscle cells, labeled filamin bound to attachment plaques and foci of
      polygonal networks and to the dense bodies in stress fibers. The periodic bands
      of filamin in stress fibers had a longer spacing in fibroblasts than in
      epithelial cells. When injected into living cells, filamin was readily
      incorporated into stress fibers in a striated pattern. The fluorescent filamin
      bands were broader in injected cells, however, than they were in permeabilized
      cells. We have interpreted these results from living and permeabilized cells to
      mean that native filamin is distributed along the full length of the actin
      filaments in the stress fibers, with a higher concentration present in the dense
      bodies. A sarcomeric model is presented indicating the position of filamin with
      respect to other proteins in the stress fiber.

PMID- 3690694
TI  - Overuse injuries.

PMID- 3690695
TI  - Traumatic brain injury in the rat: characterization of a midline fluid-percussion
      model.
AB  - Fluid-percussion models of traumatic brain injury produce injury by rapidly
      injecting fluid volumes into the epidural space. In the present study, we
      characterized the physiological, histopathological, and neurological responses in
      a new model of midline (vertex) fluid-percussion injury of graded severity in the
      rat. All levels of injury produced transient (acute) hypertension, which was
      followed by a significant and prolonged hypotension at the higher levels of
      injury. There was also postinjury suppression if EEG amplitudes, which was
      related to the severity of injury. However, there were no significant changes in
      brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAERs) at any level of injury. Neurological
      scores over a 4-week postinjury period were directly correlated with the severity
      of injury. Survival rates were significantly decreased at the higher magnitudes
      of injury. The extent of postinjury hemorrhage and blood-brain barrier disruption
      (as evidenced by extravasation of Evans Blue Albumin complex) was related to the
      magnitude of injury. These data demonstrate that the midline (vertex) model of
      fluid-percussion injury in the rat reproduces many of the features of head injury
      observed in other models and species and may serve as a useful cost-effective
      model for the study of the pathophysiology and treatment of traumatic brain
      injury.

PMID- 3690696
TI  - Neuronal decay of function and degeneration are prevented by processes secondary
      to membrane preservation.

PMID- 3690697
TI  - [Modern possibilities in the prevention and therapy of retinopathy of
      prematurity].

PMID- 3690699
TI  - [Surgical treatment of strabismus].

PMID- 3690698
TI  - [Retinopathy of prematurity--present possibilities of surgical treatment].

PMID- 3690700
TI  - [Torticollis problems in rotatory nystagmus].

PMID- 3690701
TI  - [Selection of operation for congenital esotropia].

PMID- 3690702
TI  - [Surgical correction of esotropia by unilateral retropositioning of the internal
      rectus muscle].

PMID- 3690704
TI  - [New approaches in tolerance testing of hydrophilic contact lenses in the rabbit
      eye. II. Application of the findings of basic research in the selection of
      appropriate morphologic and histochemical methods in the diagnosis of corneal
      changes].

PMID- 3690703
TI  - [New approaches in tolerance testing of hydrophilic contact lenses in rabbit
      eyes. I. The importance of team cooperation between the Institute of Basic
      Research of the Czechoslovak Academy of Science and medical schools].

PMID- 3690705
TI  - [Argon laser trabeculoplasty in the therapy of primary open-angle glaucoma].

PMID- 3690706
TI  - [Glaucoma in physicians].

PMID- 3690707
TI  - [Vitreous body damage caused by infrared irradiation in glass-blowers].

PMID- 3690708
TI  - [Still's disease].

PMID- 3690709
TI  - [Studies on the effect of a chemotherapy regimen adjusted to the assessment of
      drug sensitivity. An analysis of 348 cases of retreated pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 3690710
TI  - [A study of adenosine deaminase activity for the differential diagnosis of
      tuberculous pleural and abdominal fluid].

PMID- 3690711
TI  - [Tuberculosis after corticosteroid therapy].

PMID- 3690712
TI  - [Quality control of FVC, FEV1 and FEF25%-75%].

PMID- 3690713
TI  - [Pulmonary function tests and analysis of connective tissue disease].

PMID- 3690714
TI  - [The value of right and left ventricular ejection fractions by the radionuclide
      test in the early diagnosis of cor pulmonale with or without coronary heart
      disease].

PMID- 3690715
TI  - [Use of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in diagnosing the causes and sites of hemoptysis
      during the period of bleeding].

PMID- 3690716
TI  - [Primary pulmonary cryptococcosis. Report of 2 cases].

PMID- 3690717
TI  - [An analysis of the X-ray findings in convalescent cases of lung fluke
      infection].

PMID- 3690718
TI  - [Diagnostic value of pleural shrinking in peripheral bronchogenic carcinoma].

PMID- 3690719
TI  - [A surveillance study on the epidemiology of tuberculosis in the urban area of
      Wuhan].

PMID- 3690720
TI  - In vivo metabolism of nasally instilled dihydrosafrole [1-(3,4
      methylenedioxyphenyl)propane] in dogs and monkeys.
AB  - Nasal metabolism of inhaled material may influence its biological fate and
      toxicity. The purpose of this study was to investigate, in a noninvasive and
      qualitative manner, the in vivo nasal metabolic activity towards 1-(3,4
      methylenedioxyphenyl)propane (dihydrosafrole). Dihydrosafrole was the compound of
      choice as a representative of the methylenedioxyphenyl compounds.
      Methylenedioxyphenyl compounds, inhaled as essences or insecticide synergists,
      have complex interactions with cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenases, causing
      both inhibition and induction. Clearance of dihydrosafrole and its metabolites
      from both the ethmoid (olfactory) and maxillary (respiratory) turbinate regions
      of Beagle dogs and Cynomolgus monkeys was examined. Nasopharyngeal mucus was
      collected at frequent intervals during periodic instillation of dihydrosafrole
      (and, for the dogs, 24 h after instillation). Blood, urine and feces were
      collected to examine dihydrosafrole clearance from the nose during instillations
      and up to 48 h after completion of the nasal instillations of [3H]dihydrosafrole.
      Analysis of mucus for dihydrosafrole metabolites was by HPLC. Most of the
      recovered radioactivity was in urine and blood samples over the first 24 h.
      Radioactivity was recovered from the nasopharyngeal mucus in both organic
      extractable and water soluble forms. HPLC of the organic extracts demonstrated
      that [3H]dihydrosafrole instilled in either turbinate region was metabolized to 2
      methoxy-4-propylphenol, 2-methoxy-4-propenylphenol and 1-(3,4
      methylenedioxyphenyl)propan-1-ol. A number of minor metabolites were produced in
      both species. One mucus sample from an ethmoid-instilled dog contained 1-(3,4
      methylenedioxyphenyl)propene (isosafrole) as a metabolite. Results from this
      study indicate that interspecies, inter-individual, and inter-regional
      differences occur in the metabolism of nasally deposited dihydrosafrole in
      monkeys and dogs.

PMID- 3690721
TI  - Disposition and hepatoprotection by phosphatidyl choline liposomes in mouse
      liver.
AB  - Small unilamellar liposomes with an average diameter of 80 nm were prepared from
      phosphatidyl choline of various sources using the dialysis method with cholate as
      a detergent. When 14C-labeled soybean liposomes were intravenously injected into
      male NMRI mice, up to 10% of the total label was found in the liver lipid. The
      uptake was dose-dependent and reached an apparent saturation 4 h after injection.
      The liver maintained a constant radioactivity corresponding to 1.9 +/- 0.13 mg
      phospholipid/g liver until ten hours after injection of 850 mg labeled
      phosphatidyl choline/kg body wt. Little radioactivity was taken up by the spleen.
      Analogous doses of liposomes prepared from egg yolk phosphatidyl choline led to a
      radioactivity corresponding to 1.3 +/- 0.4 mg lipid/g liver 4 h after injection.
      Liposomes with a similar size were prepared from hydrated, i.e., saturated
      phosphatidyl choline. After intravenous administration of these liposomes, an
      amount of 5.3 +/- 0.5 mg labeled lipid was found per g liver after 4 h. In
      contrast to unsaturated liposomes, 5.8 +/- 0.8 mg lipid per gram spleen was
      trapped by the spleen. The pharmacodynamic effect of these different liposomes
      was studied in benzo[a]pyrene-pretreated mice intoxicated with 400 mg/kg
      paracetamol. Animals which received paracetamol exhibited serum alanine
      aminotransferase activities of 4220 +/- 1140 units/l after 4 h and exhaled 120 +/
      19 nmol ethane kg-1 h-1. When pretreated with 850 mg soybean phosphatidyl
      choline/kg body wt. (i.v.) 2 h prior to paracetamol, the increase in serum
      transaminase activity was reduced to 117 +/- 104 units/l and ethane exhalation
      amounted to 18 +/- 8 nmol kg-1 h-1. In contrast, similar pretreatment with egg
      yolk phosphatidyl choline or hydrated phosphatidyl choline failed to protect
      against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. The different pharmacodynamic effects
      of the two phosphatidyl cholines of plant or animal origin cannot be explained on
      the basis of their different pharmacokinetics. In the case of soybean
      phosphatidyl choline liposomes, the amount of radioactive lipid found in the
      liver correlated with the hepatoprotective potency.

PMID- 3690723
TI  - Structural requirements for substrates of cytochromes P-450 and P-448.
AB  - Distinct and different molecular structural features are manifested by
      substrates, inhibitors and inducers of the two families of liver microsomal
      enzymes, the phenobarbital-induced cytochromes P-450 and the 3-methylcholanthrene
      induced cytochromes P-448. In a theoretical study based on molecular orbital
      calculations and molecular graphics, it is established that cytochrome P-448
      substrates contain fused aromatic or heteroaromatic rings giving rise to overall
      molecular planarity with relatively small molecular depth. In contrast,
      substrates of the cytochromes P-450 have greater conformational freedom and an
      ability to bind at more than one point of attachment, as a result of possession
      of certain characteristic functions, namely, a carbonyl and/or amine moiety
      coupled with an iso-propyl group, or similar function of equivalent shape and
      hydrophobicity. The implications are that the binding sites of cytochromes P-448
      contain a number of hydrophobic aromatic amino acid residues orientated so as to
      allow occupation by similar substrates containing co-planar aromatic rings,
      whereas those of the phenobarbital-induced cytochromes P-450 contain hydrophilic
      amino acid residues capable of hydrogen bonding to greater than C = O moieties
      and at least one leucine or valine residue, as these contain the complementary
      isopropyl function. The corollary of these findings is the possibility of
      prediction of the toxicity of new chemicals on the basis of their molecular
      dimensions.

PMID- 3690722
TI  - Identification of a reactive intermediate of furazolidone formed by swine liver
      microsomes.
AB  - Furazolidone (N-(5-nitro-2-furfurylidene)-3-amino-2-oxazolidone) is metabolized
      by swine liver microsomes under aerobic and anaerobic conditions (rate: 2.55 and
      3.25 nmol/mg protein/min, respectively). Covalent binding to microsomal protein
      amounted aerobically to 0.29 nmol/mg protein/min. Of all amino acids tested, only
      addition of cysteine to the incubation mixture decreased microsomal protein
      binding of furazolidone, indicating that covalent binding may occur at protein
      thiol groups. Two known metabolites of furazolidone, 3-(4-cyano-2-oxobutylidene
      amino)-2-oxazolidone and 2,3 dihydro-3-cyano-methyl-2-hydroxyl-5-nitro-1 alpha,2
      di(2-oxo-oxazolidin-3-yl) iminomethyl-furo[2,3-b] furan, were minor metabolites.
      At least 50% of total metabolites is formed by swine liver microsomes via a
      reductive process of furazolidone as indicated by the formation of a furazolidone
      mercaptoethanol conjugate after the addition of mercaptoethanol to the incubation
      mixture. The conjugate was identified as 3-(4-cyano-3-beta-hydroxyethylmercapto-2
      oxobutylidene amino)-2-oxazolidone, indicating that the open-chain acrylonitrile
      derivative is the reactive intermediate of furazolidone which also may be
      responsible for interaction with protein.

PMID- 3690724
TI  - Association of polyene antibiotics with sterols.
AB  - Molecular interaction between amphotericin B and sterols in non-aqueous solutions
      was examined quantitatively by spectroscopic methods in order to support the view
      point that selectivity of amphotericin B is more pronounced in the presence of
      ergosterol than of cholesterol. The most likely association complexes between
      ergosterol and amphotericin B are 4:1, 6:1 stoichiometric complex when the
      concentrations of amphotericin B are 3.93 x 10(-4) M, 1.94 x 10(-4) M
      respectively. The presence of 3 beta-OH group is necessary but not enough for the
      association with amphotericin B. It appears that the extent of spectral change of
      amphotericin B induced by complexing sterol is greater for ergosterol than
      cholesterol.

PMID- 3690725
TI  - Effect of di-n-octyl phthalate on fatty acid composition of phosphatidylcholine
      in Tetrahymena.
AB  - We examined the effect of di-n-octyl phthalate (DOP) on fatty acid composition of
      phosphatidylcholine (PC) in Tetrahymena pyriformis NT-1. When Tetrahymena cells
      were grown in DOP-containing proteose peptone medium, the cell growth was
      repressed. This repression was attended by decreases in the PC content of the
      cells and decreases in oleic (18:1), linoleic (18:2) and linolenic (18:3) acids
      of PC and an increase in palmitoleic acid (16:1). The ratio of 18:1/stearic acid
      (18:0) of PC in cells grown in DOP-containing medium was lower than that of
      control cells, while the ratio of 16:1/palmitic acid (16:0) was higher than that
      of control. On the other hand, no changes in the ratios of 18:2/18:1 and
      18:3/18:2 were observed. The activity of microsomal stearoyl-CoA desaturase from
      cells grown with DOP (0.63 mumol/ml medium) decreased to 27% of that from control
      cells, while the microsomal palmitoyl-CoA desaturase activity increased to 210%
      of the control value. By the addition of dioleoyl glyceride to the DOP-containing
      medium, the effects of DOP on Tetrahymena cells were completely blocked. These
      results suggest that the changes in fatty acid composition of PC may be due to
      the alteration of the substrate specificity of microsomal delta 9-desaturase, and
      the decrease in stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity may be a cause for the cell
      growth repression.

PMID- 3690726
TI  - Determination of acetylator phenotype in Sri Lankans.

PMID- 3690727
TI  - Changing patterns of clinical malaria: a field study.

PMID- 3690728
TI  - Food intolerance--a survey.

PMID- 3690730
TI  - Surgical correction of renal artery stenosis--a case report.

PMID- 3690729
TI  - Single dose treatment of mixed helminth infections--a comparison of three
      different regimes.

PMID- 3690731
TI  - [Relation between the diagnosis of heart qi deficiency in coronary diseases and
      the nuclear stethoscope in determining cardiac function].

PMID- 3690732
TI  - [Acupressure on the zhiyang point in patients with acute anginal attack].

PMID- 3690733
TI  - [Changes in trace elements in infantile gan zheng (malnutrition) with
      replenishing qi, invigorating the spleen and resolving dampness].

PMID- 3690734
TI  - [Clinical and pharmacological study on the external treatment of bi zheng
      (arthralgia) with xiao-ertong adsorbo-penetration therapy].

PMID- 3690735
TI  - [Nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated by radiation therapy combined with a
      tongqiaohuoxue decoction].

PMID- 3690736
TI  - [Effects of qing court shoutao pill on concentrations of Zn, Cu, Na and Br in
      senile hair].

PMID- 3690737
TI  - [Effect of anti-fluorine no. 1 in treating endemic fluorosis].

PMID- 3690738
TI  - [Analysis of the state of the pulse in 643 cases of healthy adults].

PMID- 3690739
TI  - [Effect of an essence-restoring decoction on thymic ultrastructure and sex
      hormone (E2 and DHT) receptors in senile mice].

PMID- 3690740
TI  - [Anti-infection effect of Chinese ointments for local administration. Fc
      receptors on peritoneal macrophages in mice].

PMID- 3690741
TI  - [On the qi xue theory in traditional Chinese medicine].

PMID- 3690742
TI  - [Considerations and methods in further researches on the combination of
      traditional Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment of acute abdomen].

PMID- 3690743
TI  - [Ru kuai xiao in the treatment of mastoplasia by regulating the function between
      chong and ren channels. Report of 27 cases].

PMID- 3690744
TI  - [The SRRS recipe in the treatment of late-stage liver cancer patients and their
      experimental studies].

PMID- 3690745
TI  - [Xiaomishuan in the treatment of 542 cases of cervical erosion].

PMID- 3690746
TI  - [Combined traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine in the treatment of
      cervical spondylosis deformans. Clinical analysis of 104 cases].

PMID- 3690747
TI  - [Clinical analysis of 530 cases of mastoplasia treated with the traditional
      remedy ru zeng ning].

PMID- 3690748
TI  - [Anti-oxidant action of Panax ginseng].

PMID- 3690750
TI  - [Anti-inflammatory effect of a tong guan decoction on chemical salpingitis in the
      rabbit].

PMID- 3690749
TI  - [Experimental study of PAC (Panax ginseng, Aconitum carmichaeli and Citrus
      tangerina) injection in the prevention and treatment of endotoxin shock in rats].

PMID- 3690751
TI  - [Relation between senile qi deficiency and free radical reactions].

PMID- 3690752
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of kraurosis vulvae with traditional Chinese medicine
      and Western medicine].

PMID- 3690753
TI  - [Curative effects of Chinese traditional anesthesia on severe thromboangiitis
      obliterans].

PMID- 3690754
TI  - [Interrelations of syndrome differentiation of traditional Chinese medicine,
      cardiac function and hemorheology in ischemic cerebral vascular diseases].

PMID- 3690755
TI  - [Clinical and experimental study on the treatment of angina pectoris with kuo
      guan granules].

PMID- 3690756
TI  - [Comparative study of 54 cases of retrograde biliary gastritis treated with
      traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine].

PMID- 3690757
TI  - [Clinical analysis of the effects of a combined therapy with Vernonia
      anthelmintica and others on 329 cases of vitiligo].

PMID- 3690758
TI  - [32 cases of ipsilateral fractures of the femur and tibia treated with
      traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine].

PMID- 3690759
TI  - [Effects of ginsenosides on myocardial lactic acid, cyclic nucleotides and
      ultrastructural myocardial changes in anoxia in mice].

PMID- 3690760
TI  - [Effects of adrenaline and cold stimulation on erythrocyte membranes in the rat].

PMID- 3690761
TI  - [Use of the endoscope in traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine].

PMID- 3690762
TI  - [Pathogenesis of psoriasis].

PMID- 3690763
TI  - [Syndrome of liver stagnation in hypertension].

PMID- 3690764
TI  - [Changes in proteinuria, renal function and immunity after treatment with
      injections of a solution of Astragalus membranaceus].

PMID- 3690766
TI  - [Shou tai pill in treating threatened abortion].

PMID- 3690765
TI  - [Efficacy of a heart-protecting musk pill in the treatment of unstable angina
      pectoris].

PMID- 3690767
TI  - [Chinese medicinal herbs in the treatment of 61 duodenitis patients].

PMID- 3690768
TI  - [Postoperative therapy of 255 cases of subtotal gastrectomy with traditional
      Chinese medicine combined with Western medicine].

PMID- 3690769
TI  - [Snake-root tablet in the treatment of sporadic encephalitis. Report of 30
      cases].

PMID- 3690770
TI  - [Ultrastructural observations on experimental fractures treated with the
      principle of promoting blood circulation and relieving stasis. A transmission
      electron microscopy study].

PMID- 3690771
TI  - [Effects of the kidney yin tonic on calcium and phosphorus metabolism in rickets
      in chickens].

PMID- 3690772
TI  - [Application of the bian zhen lun zhi principle to special environmental
      medicine].

PMID- 3690773
TI  - Lipid peroxidation: Part II. Pathological implications.

PMID- 3690774
TI  - [Research on correlations between immuno-nutritional parameters and oncologic
      stage in patients operated on for cancer of the stomach].
AB  - A correlation was sought, in 40 patients operated on for gastric cancer, between
      a number of immunological and nutritional variables and oncological stage.
      Prealbumin, transferrin, C3, C4, total complement (CH100), total serum
      lymphocytes, IgG, IgA and IgM were evaluated preoperatively prior to commencing
      any nutritional treatment. Statistical analysis was performed with a view to
      assessing whether the values of the above-mentioned parameters, taken singly or
      as a whole, differed in the 4 in the 4 oncological stages (UICC 1978). Analysis
      of individual parameter values showed a significant difference between stage I
      and stage IV with regard to prealbumin and between stages I and II with regard to
      C3 (p = 0.0165 and p = 0.0329, respectively). When evaluating the 9 parameters as
      a whole, no significant differences emerged, though such differences might be
      detected on increasing the study population and by adopting statistical
      procedures aimed at eliminating the least significant variables from the model.

PMID- 3690775
TI  - [Acute volvulus of the cecum].
AB  - A case of acute cecal volvulus is described. Cecal volvulus is an uncommon type
      of volvulus and occurs when then cecal mesentery is long, allowing the cecum free
      movement within the peritoneal cavity. Clinically cecal volvulus may occur in a
      chronic form but generally it occur in an acute form with progressive abdominal
      distention, abdominal pain, vomiting. At an examination of the abdomen an ovoidal
      mass is palpable. A single great air-fluid level characteristically is seen on
      radiographic examination. The pathogenesis of such rare disease is discussed and
      finally are present the various surgical approaches aimed at relieving acute
      obstruction and preventing recidivation of cecal volvulus.

PMID- 3690776
TI  - [Volvulus of the transverse colon].
AB  - A case of transverse colon volvulus is described. The authors illustrate the
      procedures adopted for diagnosing the condition, which are mainly radiological
      consisting in plain film of the abdomen and barium enema, where necessary. The
      treatment is invariably surgical: detorsion of the volvulus and colopexy, and
      resection of the transverse colon in the presence of ischaemic lesions or right
      hemicolectomy.

PMID- 3690777
TI  - [Lesions caused by the ingestion of caustics].
AB  - The diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the maiagement of lesions caused by
      ingestion of caustic substances has made substantial progress in the past few
      years and has now been codified. The linch-pins of the present approach are
      emergency endoscopy for an immediate assessment of the lesions and total
      parenteral nutrition to reduce the morbidity in patients whose lesions may be
      expected to take a long time to heal or may require surgical repair. The
      diagnostic and therapeutic protocol advocated derives from a close examination of
      the literature and from personal experience.

PMID- 3690779
TI  - [Diagnostic use of angiography].
AB  - The angiography, in particularly after the introduction of the digitalized
      technique, results a method of considerable importance, whether for a more
      precise definition of the sort and nature of the lesion, or, above all, for a
      precise preoperating balance. The statement of hits utilization of screening
      test, is to be refused.

PMID- 3690778
TI  - [Recent traumatic rupture of the diaphragm in patients with multiple injuries].
AB  - The authors report on 16 cases of recent traumatic diaphragmatic lesions in
      polytraumatized patients referred to them over the period 1979-86. After
      examining the diagnostic problems relating to this type of lesion, the authors
      describe the anatomico-topographical, clinical and therapeutic aspects. They
      conclude by stressing the need to explore the diaphragmatic cupulae
      systematically in the course of surgery for blunt abdominal trauma.

PMID- 3690780
TI  - [Our experience in the surgical treatment of diverticular disease (I: Election)].
AB  - The authors review their patient population with regard to the surgical treatment
      of diverticular disease. This population consists of 76 cases, 30 of which were
      subjected to elective surgery. They conclude by stating that, in the light of
      their experience, the most effective elective operation is resection of the tract
      affected by diverticuli followed by and end-to-end anastomosis with the
      protection of a decompressive transversostomy.

PMID- 3690781
TI  - [Hypothesis of mediation pathology in surgery (4)].
AB  - The mediation pathology concept takes account to a large extent, though by no
      means exhaustively, of that horizontal language between peripheral cells, based
      on locally produced hormone-like substances and aimed at covering extremely short
      distances. This brings us well and truly into the paracrine domain of
      intercellular communication, whereby an exchange of messages takes place between
      adjacent cells via the interstitial spaces. Alongside this short-range
      communication network, there also exists a long-range network, involving above
      all the blood stream both as an intermediary and as mediation terrain. To the
      mediatory processes partakes the neuro-endocrine system, albeit it is not the
      predominant one as it was classically thought. There are other actors on the
      mediation stage: oxygen radical plays an important role.

PMID- 3690782
TI  - [Our experience in the surgical treatment of Arbuthnot Lane disease].
AB  - In the light of their experience, the authors review the data reported in the
      literature regarding Arbuthnot Lane Disease. The therapeutic indications are
      examined, and the results of the various types of surgery proposed are compared.

PMID- 3690783
TI  - [Synchronous abdomino-perineal amputation (global evaluation of the intervention
      in our experience)].
AB  - In the light of their experience, the Authors examine the validity of synchronous
      abdomino-perineal resection. Their study population consists of 224 such
      operations. On the basis of the results achieved, the conclusion is reached that
      there is still no realistic alternative today to synchronous abdomino-perineal
      resection for the treatment of malignancies whose lower borders lie at a distance
      of less than 6.5 cm from the anal margin.

PMID- 3690784
TI  - [Primary lymphoma of the breast (apropos of a clinical case)].
AB  - Taking as their starting point the observation of a case of primary lymphoma of
      the breast, the Authors point out that this tumour constitutes a rare disease in
      the context of non-Hodgkin lymphomas arising in sites other than the lymph nodes.
      They emphasize the clinical and instrumental diagnostic difficulties which the
      disease poses, as well as the uselessness of radical surgical therapy and the
      need for radio-chemotherapeutic management along with periodic follow-up. The
      Authors go on to explain how difficult it is to formulate a reliable prognosis
      for this type of tumour in view of the lack of homogeneity and the limited
      numbers of cases reported in the literature.

PMID- 3690785
TI  - [Leiomyosarcoma of the duodenum (description of a case and review of the
      literature)].
AB  - The Authors report on a case of duodenal leiomyosarcoma of small dimensions in a
      paravaterian site and presenting a low degree of histological malignity. They
      summarize the main anatomoclinical features of the neoplasm and conclude by
      indicating less aggressive surgical therapy as adequate in such cases,
      accompanied, however, by a protracted post-operative follow-up.

PMID- 3690786
TI  - [Total colonic form of Hirschsprung disease. Apropos of 6 cases].
AB  - 6 patients with total colonic aganglionosis without small bowel involvement (HCT)
      have been observed during a 13-years period. From this material and a review of
      literature, the authors stress the diagnostic and therapeutic particularities of
      HCT, which justify a separate analysis and a comparative study with the more
      typical forms of Hirschsprung's diseases. The percent of HCT out of all types of
      Hirschsprung's disease is 7.9%. Male to female ratio is 2:1 and familial
      occurrence is much higher (15 to 20%) than that seen in the classical form of
      Hirschsprung's diseases. A diagnosis of HCT is more difficult because of lack of
      specificity in clinical picture, radiologic findings and manometric evaluation.
      However, age at time of revelation is the neonatal period in 83% and
      enterocolitis is present in 25% with a higher incidence than in shorter types of
      Hirschsprung's disease. Therefore in HCT, laparotomy with appendicectomy and open
      frozen biopsies is always required for correct diagnosis. Ileostomy is mandatory.
      It must be done early and adequate in situation and technic. This kind of
      diversion has its own morbidity and mortality with a higher rate than that
      observed after colostomy. Definitive operation must be ideally performed at age
      2. The principal of preserving and utilizing a segment of colon in a side-to-side
      anastomosis to the ganglionated small-bowel, followed by a pull-through
      ileoproctostomy has been established as a reasonable treatment for HCT since
      Martin's first description. 5 cases underwent a Martin repair and 1 a total
      colectomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3690787
TI  - [Congenital dilatation of the common bile duct. Apropos of l6 cases].
AB  - Congenital cystic dilatation of the common bile duct, also known as choledochal
      cyst, is an uncommon malformation, observed mainly in asiatic children, with a
      3:1 female--male ratio. The entity is classified into 4 different types according
      to the anatomy of the malformation, which effects or not the intrahepatic biliary
      tree. The authors review theirs experience with 16 consecutive patients with
      choledochal cyst operated between 1971 and 1985. In 12 children (mean age: 5,8
      years, 11 girls) without previous surgery, preoperative diagnosis was made with
      abdominal ultrasonography and, in some cases, endoscopic retrograde cholangio
      wirsungography. Peroperative cholangiography demonstrated a common pancreatico
      biliary channel associated with high choledochal amylase content in 6 cases.
      Surgical treatment consisted in cyst excision with hepatico-jejunostomy in those
      12 patients. We also discuss the surgical treatment of 4 previously operated
      patients with postoperative cholangitis or biliary carcinoma. An anomalous
      pancreatico-biliary ductal junction (long common channel allowing free
      pancreatico-biliary reflux) is usually observed in these patients; it is
      considered to play a role in the etiology of congenital choledochal cysts.
      Appropriate surgical treatment consists in cyst excision with hepatico
      jejunostomy as biliary drainage, in order to eliminate bile stasis, to remove the
      mechanism which allows continuous pancreatico-biliary reflux and to prevent the
      occurrence of bile duct carcinoma.

PMID- 3690788
TI  - [Results of the treatment of acute intestinal invaginations by radiopaque enemas.
      Apropos of 70 cases].
AB  - Since May 1982, when the pediatric surgery group of Rouen has published their
      study in the 39th congress of "Societe Francaise de Chirurgie Infantile", regular
      surgical attitude in treatment of intussusception was abandoned by our team.
      Seventy cases were admitted in our section in the period (06-82/06-86), age
      ranged from one month to nine years. All except one were subjected to radio
      opaque enema as a method of treatment with success rate of 89% reduction. Optimum
      conditions, failures (7 case), perforation (one case) and recurrence are
      presented. We conclude the efficacy of this treatment in condition of a rigorous
      technic.

PMID- 3690789
TI  - [Intestinal invagination. Analysis of case reports in the last 45 years].
AB  - The retrospective study analyses 219 children with intussusception, who were
      treated in the Dpt. of Pediatric Surgery, university of Heidelberg between 1942
      and 1986. The patients were divided into three groups. The mortality of the first
      group (1942-1966) was 20%. Since 1966, however, no patient with intussusception
      was lost. Recent diagnosis advances with ultrasonography allowed early diagnosis
      and at the same time the complication rate dropped from 34 (group 2, 1967-1981)
      to 11% (group 3, 1981-1986). Simultaneously the intestinal resection rate was
      reduced. The developments in diagnosis and therapy during the last 45 years,
      based on the analyses of the three groups, are discussed in detail with the
      literature.

PMID- 3690790
TI  - [Recurrent fistulas in the treatment of anorectal malformations].
AB  - 42 observations of imperforate anus with recurrent recto-urethral or rectovaginal
      fistula are summarized. The results are divided in early good results: 32 cases
      and poor results 10, all re-operated one or more times; at long term, were
      obtained 39 good, 2 poor results and one with short follow-up. Two factors may
      determine the recurrence of fistula: earlier post-surgical infection, and
      technique of rectal dissection.

PMID- 3690791
TI  - [A rare cervical malformation syndrome: mento-sternal cleft. Apropos of 4 case
      reports].
AB  - Midline cervical cleft and webbing is a rare congenital anomaly of the neck. A
      series of 4 cases is reported, among which 2 relapses. The neonatal diagnosis of
      the deformation leads to a surgical treatment for the first two years,
      associating excision of the cleft with its underlying fibrous cord, and closure
      with local plasty (wave-plasty, multiple Z-plasty). However, relapses are
      possible. They show evidence of a real regional hypoplasia that will require the
      contribution of tissue. Myo cutaneous flaps are used in 3 cases. The possibility
      of tissue-expansion is discussed. Mandibular surgery may be necessary at a later
      stage (genioplasty).

PMID- 3690792
TI  - [Juvenile fibromatosis with isolated intra-abdominal form. Apropos of 2 cases].
AB  - Among infantile fibromatosis, isolated intra-abdominal forms are the most
      unusual. The authors report two cases, a hepatic fibromatosis in an eleven year
      old girl, and a desmoid tumor located in the jejunal mesentery in a ten month old
      infant. Pre-operative diagnosis is very difficult and histologic findings show a
      benign fibroblastic proliferation that tends to infiltrate surrounding tissues
      and often recur after surgical excision.

PMID- 3690793
TI  - [A rare form of intestinal invagination in infants: total ileocecocolic
      invagination. Apropos of 1 case].
AB  - The comment we are reporting refers to an exceptional form of acute intestinal
      invagination of the infant. It is question of a total ileocecocolic invagination
      in which the hump invaginated part came to lodge to the superior part of the
      rectal ampulla. The treatment was a radio-surgical one and the operative follow
      up without any complications.

PMID- 3690794
TI  - [Salivary surgical pathology in children. Apropos of 2 case reports].

PMID- 3690795
TI  - The effects of vaginal delivery on cervical intraepithelial neoplasma in women
      who have or develop this condition during pregnancy.

PMID- 3690796
TI  - An investigation into the prevalence of indwelling urinary catheters and catheter
      related bacteriuria at King Edward VIII Hospital.

PMID- 3690797
TI  - Developing personnel standards for the psychiatric nursing profession.

PMID- 3690798
TI  - [The orientation program as a component of professional socialization in
      nursing].

PMID- 3690799
TI  - [Epidemiology of malaria and the antimalarial campaign in Mayotte (Comoro
      archipelago, Indian Ocean). Development of the situation between 1976 and 1986.
      Outlook].
AB  - Up to 1976 an integrated malaria control programme has been carried out in
      Mayotte island. By 1980, there was a drastic reduction of the number of the
      malaria cases and of the plasmodic index (below 1%). But in 1984, an uprise of
      cases and a consistent increase of the plasmodic index was observed throughout
      the island (up to 10%). It is supposed to be due to the laxity in malaria control
      measures. Immediately a reinforcement of all aspects of malaria control measures
      was undertaken. Every house is sprayed four times a year with fenitrothion (2
      g/m2). Chemical and biological ("guppy" fishes) larviciding measures were
      extensively applied throughout the island together with simple environmental
      measures like filling peridomestic breeding sites. Mass chemoprophylaxis was
      gradually decreased and is now only applied for pregnant women according to the
      W.H.O. recommendations. Presumptive treatment of febrile cases is generalized
      before laboratory confirmation. The surveillance of malaria prevalence is a
      continuous process both active and passive but, every year, a randomized
      parasitical and serological survey is carried out in a sample of representative
      villages. In 1986 there was only 3 indigenous cases observed despite the
      introduction of numerous carriers from neighbouring infected countries. It
      appears that pertinent control can reduced or may be eliminate malaria
      transmission in a short period of time. But the maintenance of the malaria
      clearance in the local, ecological and geographical context need a continuation
      of the control measures at least for the near future, as the population has lost
      most of its immunity and has become highly vulnerable to malaria.

PMID- 3690800
TI  - [Malaria in Gabon. 2. Evaluation of the qualitative and quantitative prevalence
      of parasites in the total school and preschool population of the country].
AB  - The distribution of carriers of hematozoa in the pre-school and school age group
      in Gabon has been established with the help of systematic enquiry. The plasmodial
      indexes vary between 11 and 32% in the savanna zones of the south-east, they rise
      to 64.9% in the forest regions of the north of the country, and in the urban
      zones (Libreville, Franceville, Lambarene) 6 to 18% of the school children are
      gametocyte carriers. In Libreville, amongst the febrile children seen in
      pediatric consultation, the prevalence reached 30%. Boys and girls are equally
      affected. The most important prevalence is observed in the group of children from
      5 to 10 years of age. P. falciparum is found in 96.4% of the cases, P. malariae
      in 5.3% and P. ovale in 2.4%. The study of the parasitic load revealed that 56%
      of the positive subjects had less than 10,000 asexual forms/mm3, 44% more than
      10,000 hematozoa/mm3. These results are similar to those of the neighbouring
      countries of equatorial Africa.

PMID- 3690801
TI  - Steroid receptors and human endometrial carcinoma: studies in a nude mouse model.
AB  - An experimental nude mouse system where human endometrial carcinomas of different
      histologic grade and steroid receptor characteristics can be grown and maintained
      under defined hormonal milieu by serial transplantation has been developed.
      Biologically and clinically important information on the role of steroid
      receptors in eliciting hormonal responses in these tumors has been obtained using
      this model. These results form the basis for designing and testing various
      treatment strategies for endometrial carcinomas of different histologic grade and
      receptor content.

PMID- 3690802
TI  - Doxorubicin-induced hair loss in the Angora rabbit: a study of treatments to
      protect against the hair loss.
AB  - An animal model for anticancer drug-induced hair loss has been developed using
      the Angora rabbit given i.v. doxorubicin, 2 mg/kg, twice weekly for 3 weeks.
      There was a 167% increase in the weight of hair collected by grooming between
      weeks 2 and 5, and a 72% inhibition of new hair growth at week 6 compared with
      non-treated animals. The hairs that grew in the doxorubicin treated rabbits did
      so at the same rate as in non-treated rabbits and appeared normal by light
      microscopy. Topical application of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), of 10% alpha
      tocopherol in DMSO, of 0.5% naphthazoline hydrochloride in DMSO, of 0.1%
      fluocinolone acetonide in a propylene glycol base and local hypothermia did not
      provide any protection against doxorubicin-induced hair loss. Angora rabbits fed
      an alpha-tocopherol-deficient diet for 6 weeks showed decreased hair growth
      compared with animals fed a normal diet or a diet supplemented with 100 mg alpha
      tocopherol acetate twice a week for 6 weeks. Some rabbits fed the alpha
      tocopherol-deficient diet died when given doxorubicin. Rabbits fed the alpha
      tocopherol-supplemented diet showed evidence of protection against doxorubicin
      dependent inhibition of new hair growth.

PMID- 3690803
TI  - Variability of tumor response to chemotherapy. I. Contribution of host
      heterogeneity.
AB  - Host factors that might be associated with the variable response of tumors to
      effective chemotherapy were studied in B6C3F1 mice bearing transplanted mammary
      adenocarcinoma 16/C tumors and treated with melphalan. Tumor response ranged from
      regression to an unpalpable size to growth under treatment. That biochemical
      resistance of the cell population was not primarily responsible for the
      variability was demonstrated by passage of responsive and nonresponsive tumors
      into new hosts followed by treatment with melphalan. When the implanted
      subcutaneous tumor weighed 1.0 g or less (usually 12 to 13 days postimplant),
      both the plasma levels of melphalan and the variability in plasma levels were
      similar to those observed in tumor-free mice. With tumor progression beyond 1.0
      g, an increase in mean plasma levels and in variability, but not in plasma half
      life, was observed. A correlation between the dose of melphalan administered, the
      schedule, and the percentage of tumor responses was found. There was no
      correlation between the plasma levels in individual mice following a given dose
      of melphalan and subsequent tumor response. Also, there was no correlation
      between the plasma levels of melphalan in individual mice following the second,
      third or fourth treatment in a multiple-dose treatment schedule and the response
      of the tumor in that mouse to previous treatments. Prior therapy (1, 2 or 3 doses
      administered 4 days apart) either prevented the increase in plasma levels that
      occurred in mice bearing untreated advanced tumors or reduced the plasma level
      (and the variability) to approximately that found in tumor-free mice. Whether
      this was a direct result of the effects of melphalan on the host or an indirect
      result of tumor inhibition is not known. A similar study in tumor-free mice
      indicated that prior treatment had only minimal effects on subsequent plasma
      levels. These studies indicate that heterogeneity of the host was not a major
      factor in variable tumor response if therapy was initiated when the tumors
      weighed 1.0 g or less.

PMID- 3690804
TI  - Leukemic cell and plasma daunomycin concentrations after bolus injection and 72 h
      infusion.
AB  - The effect of the duration of daunomycin (DNM) infusion on leukemic cell drug
      concentrations was evaluated. Cellular and plasma DNM concentrations were
      measured in 20 patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia. DNM 45 mg/m2 was
      administered either as a bolus injection or as a 4-, 8- or 72-h constant-rate
      infusion during 3 consecutive days. Peak plasma DNM levels amounted to 227 +/-
      116 ng/ml after bolus injection and were only 16 +/- 6 ng/ml after 72-h DNM
      infusions. Terminal plasma DNM half-lives were 14 +/- 4 h. Peak leukemic cell DNM
      concentrations at the 3rd day of administration were 16810 +/- 2580 ng/10(9)
      cells (bolus injections) and 10310 +/- 5510 ng/10(9) cells (72-h infusions). The
      areas under the cellular curve were similar and independent of the duration of
      the DNM infusion. Peak leukemic cell daunomycinol (DNMol) concentrations were
      respectively 3500 +/- 1600 ng/10(9) cells and 2850 +/- 1720 ng/10(9) cells.
      Cellular DNM terminal half-life was 13 +/- 4 h. DNM concentrations in nucleated
      blood and bone marrow cells correlated well (r = 0.93, n = 26). Long-term
      infusion produced less severe side effects. Therapeutic efficacy was maintained
      during long-term infusion.

PMID- 3690805
TI  - Serum tamoxifen concentrations in the athymic nude mouse after three methods of
      administration.
AB  - The athymic nude mouse has been used as an in vivo model for pharmacologic
      studies of the antiestrogen, tamoxifen. We have examined the steady-state serum
      tamoxifen concentrations achieved in mice with s.c. slow-release pellets, s.c.
      injections, and i.p. injections, in an attempt to identify a method that would
      yield serum levels similar to those observed in patients receiving tamoxifen
      therapy. Tamoxifen and tamoxifen metabolites were examined by a high-performance
      liquid chromatography assay which has a sensitivity of 8 ng/ml. Tamoxifen
      metabolites were not observed with any dose or schedule. After slow-release
      pellets containing 5 or 25 mg tamoxifen no tamoxifen was detectable, even after 2
      weeks of treatment. Very low levels (0.07 microM) were found with 50-mg pellets.
      Tamoxifen was also not detected either with daily s.c. injections of 500
      micrograms/mouse or with i.p. injections of 2.5 mg/kg. However, daily s.c.
      injections of 1000 micrograms or i.p. injections of 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg resulted
      in tamoxifen concentrations ranging from 0.21 to 0.51 microM which are similar to
      those observed in patients. Thus, clinically relevant tamoxifen concentrations
      can be achieved in the nude mouse with either of these methods of administration.

PMID- 3690806
TI  - A phase I study of rDNA alpha-2b interferon as a 6-week continuous intravenous
      infusion.
AB  - Sixteen patients with advanced malignancy were treated with rDNA alpha-2b
      interferon using a continuous 6-week i.v. schedule. Patients received 1
      microgram, 3 mu [corrected], 5 mu and 7 mu/m2/day via a portable infusion pump
      system, all therapy being on an outpatient basis. The dose-limiting toxicity
      occurring at 7 mu/m2/day [corrected] was lethargy and somnolence. Five million
      units (mu) was the maximum tolerated dose but significant nausea, anorexia and
      lethargy affected 4/5 patients at this level. A dose of 3 mu/m2/day was well
      tolerated, producing little disturbance of normal activity in the majority of
      patients. Suppression of WBC and platelets was seen at all doses but was not dose
      limiting. There was increasing severity of derangement of hepatic transaminases
      with increasing dose, and the occurrence of liver toxicity appeared to correlate
      with nausea, anorexia and lethargy. Assay of serum interferon during the infusion
      showed that this system maintained a constant level of interferon in the blood.
      However, the increase did not show a linear pattern with increasing dose,
      suggesting saturation of metabolic inactivation at 7 mu/m2/day. We recommend that
      a dose of 3 mu/m2/day be used in future studies of prolonged infusions of alpha-2
      interferon.

PMID- 3690807
TI  - Examination of the correlation of serum metoclopramide levels with antiemetic
      efficacy in patients receiving cisplatin.
AB  - The existence of a threshold serum metoclopramide level above which total
      protection from cisplatin-induced vomiting is more likely to occur has been
      proposed. We monitored serum metoclopramide levels prior to the third
      metoclopramide dose in the first cisplatin treatment cycle in patients receiving
      metoclopramide 2 mg/kg x 4 as part of a randomized double-blind cross-over study
      comparing single-agent metoclopramide with combination metoclopramide and
      dexamethasone. Serum samples from 35 patients (17 receiving single-agent
      metoclopramide and 18 receiving the combination) were analyzed using reverse
      phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). A wide variation in
      metoclopramide levels was observed (range 273-3380 ng/ml). Serum levels obtained
      from the same patient on multiple treatment cycles were well correlated, and the
      addition of dexamethasone did not alter serum metoclopramide levels. No threshold
      level could be identified for the two groups (single-agent or combination
      antiemetic therapy) considered individually or considered together. However,
      significantly more vomiting episodes and a lower incidence of total protection
      were noted in patients with metoclopramide levels above 1469 ng/ml receiving
      metoclopramide alone. This effect was nullified in the combination antiemetic
      group. Our data do not support a directly proportional relationship between serum
      metoclopramide level and antiemetic protection. However, a non-linear
      relationship with a possible agonist/antagonist effect is suggested.

PMID- 3690808
TI  - Clinical pharmacology of aminoglutethimide in patients with metastatic breast
      cancer.
AB  - The pharmacology of aminoglutethimide (AG) was studied in two subsequent trials
      without hydrocortisone supplementation. A total of 79 patients with metastatic
      breast cancer entered the study, and their plasma and urine samples were analyzed
      by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Thirty evaluable patients with
      a median age of 57 years (range, 37-79) were treated with the standard dose of
      1000 mg/day, and 37 evaluable patients with a median age of 59 years (range, 35
      79) received 500 mg/day. The median follow-up in the two groups was 5 months
      (range, 1-16) and 4 months (range, 1-21), respectively. After the first oral dose
      of 500 mg, peak plasma concentrations of AG were observed 1-4 h after
      administration in 15 patients. The elimination half-life was 10.1 +/- 1.7 h (mean
      +/- SD) after initial dosage; it decreased significantly to 6.9 +/- 1.2 h after 8
      weeks of treatment. The area under the curve of AG concentrations was 92.5 +/-
      14.2 micrograms/ml x h. The total clearance rate was 5.5 +/- 0.9 1/h and the
      volume of distribution was 80 +/- 111. About 23% of the drug was excreted
      unchanged in the urine. The major metabolite, N-acetyl-AG (AAG), had the same
      half-life as AG. A comparison on day 7 of treatment revealed that doses of 1000
      and 500 mg yielded AG plasma concentrations of 9.0 +/- 1.2 and 4.5 +/- 0.5
      micrograms/ml, respectively. After 1 month of treatment, however, AG plasma
      levels of 6-7 and 4-5 micrograms/ml were observed, respectively. A 50% reduction
      of dose, therefore, resulted in only 30% lower AG levels during continuous
      treatment. Apparently, the induction of metabolism is of greater importance in
      standard-dose than in lower dose treatment. The plasma concentrations of AG did
      not bear a relationship to the clinical response.

PMID- 3690809
TI  - Intratumoral measurement and plasma pharmacokinetics of intravenously
      administered melphalan. Report of a patient with plasmacytoma.
AB  - In a human case of plasmacytoma we studied plasma and tumor concentrations of
      melphalan given intravenously. Intratumoral concentration of melphalan was
      similar to plasma concentration 60 min after the end of infusion.

PMID- 3690810
TI  - Blurring of vision due to ifosfamide.

PMID- 3690812
TI  - Resuscitation fluid composition and myocardial performance during burn shock.
AB  - The present study examines the effects of resuscitation fluid composition on
      myocardial function, myocardial high-energy phosphate content, and survival
      following third-degree anesthetic burn to 35-40% body surface area in the guinea
      pig. Treatment regimens used were 1) no resuscitation, 2) isotonic saline, 3)
      Ringer's lactate and 4) Ringer's acetate. Fluids were administered at the rate of
      0.334 ml/kg/hr/% burn for 4 hr following injury, at which time myocardial
      function was assessed. Nonburned animals served as controls. In isolated working
      hearts, significant depression of myocardial function was observed in
      nonresuscitated and saline-resuscitated animals as evidenced by decreased cardiac
      output, dP/dt, -dP/dt, and stroke work. Lactate resuscitation produced some
      improvement in these parameters but did not restore them to those of nonburned
      control animals. In contrast, Ringer's acetate resuscitation resulted in normal
      cardiac output and contractility. Myocardial ATP content of hearts obtained from
      the various resuscitation groups did not differ from that of nonburned control
      hearts, except for hearts from Ringer's lactate group, which were significantly
      lower in myocardial ATP than those of the other groups. No differences were found
      in creatine phosphate content. Resuscitation with the different fluid regimens
      for 48 hr produced significant differences in survival. Fluids were given at the
      rate of 4 ml/kg/% burn for 24 hr. Half of the fluid was given in the first 8 hr
      and the rest during the remaining 16 hr. Nonresuscitated and saline-resuscitated
      animals showed significant mortality by 24 hr, whereas lactate- and acetate
      treated animals had survival rates of 100% and 87.5%, respectively. However, by
      48 hr, only acetate-treated animals survived. These data indicate that important
      differences exist in the effectiveness of different resuscitation fluids and that
      Ringer's lactate, the fluid most often utilized clinically, may not provide
      optimum benefit. In light of these results, serious consideration should be given
      to the substitution of acetate for lactate during the resuscitation of burn shock
      patients.

PMID- 3690811
TI  - Study on glucocorticoid receptors during intestinal ischemia shock and septic
      shock.
AB  - Glucocorticoid receptors (GCRs) were studied by the radioligand binding assay in
      peripheral leukocytes obtained from dogs during intestinal ischemia shock and
      obtained from patients with septic shock. Sixteen healthy adult mongrel dogs were
      divided into two groups at random. The model of intestinal ischemia shock was
      made by occluding both superior mesenteric artery and vein in the occlusion
      group. Leukocytic GCRs and plasma cortisol were measured just at the time when
      mean arterial pressure (MAP) was 13.3 kPa (100 mmHg), 6.6 kPa (50 mmHg), and 3.3
      kPa (25 mmHg). Clinically leukocytic GCRs were measured in ten patients in septic
      shock during hypotensive period and in ten normal volunteers used as control
      subjects. The results showed that in the occlusion group of animals, the levels
      of GCRs decreased progressively after shock; there was a significant positive
      correlation between the extent of reduction of MAP and that of GCRs. Leukocytes
      from the occlusion group contained significantly lower levels of GCRs than those
      from controls. The results of clinical observation confirmed the reduction of GCR
      levels in patients with septic shock. This paper reports for the first time the
      finding of secondary disorder of GCRs during septic shock, advances a new
      hypothesis concerning the pathophysiology of shock at the receptor level, and
      offers the experimental evidence for early use of massive doses of glucocorticoid
      (GC) in dealing with septic shock.

PMID- 3690813
TI  - Hemodynamic evaluation of ibuprofen in canine hypovolemic shock.
AB  - This study was done to evaluate the role of ibuprofen, a cyclooxygenase
      inhibitor, in a standard model of hypovolemic shock. Fifteen dogs were subjected
      to fixed mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) shock (40-45 mmHg) for 45 min and
      then treated with physiologic saline (NS), low-dose ibuprofen (6.25 mg/kg), and
      high-dose ibuprofen (12.5 mg/kg) by IV bolus and continuous IV infusion. After 60
      min of treatment, the shed blood was returned. Survival was monitored for 72 h.
      Both dose levels resulted in a significant increase in MABP and total peripheral
      resistance over NS during the infusion period but heart rate, cardiac output, and
      left ventricular contractility were similar for all groups. Survival at 72 h was
      also similar for the three groups. Ibuprofen treatment, while increasing MABP and
      total peripheral vascular resistance did not seem to alter cardiac function or
      improve survival when compared to NS in this model of hypovolemic shock.

PMID- 3690814
TI  - Effect of ibuprofen on the course of canine endotoxin shock.
AB  - Four groups of dogs were anesthetized, instrumented for measurement of blood
      pressures and flows across the liver, and, except for the control group, injected
      with 1 mg/kg endotoxin. The control group received only saline. One group
      received endotoxin only (ETOX) while animals in the other two groups received 10
      mg/kg ibuprofen either 30 min before (PreIBU) or 30 min after endotoxin
      (PostIBU). Blood pressure, hepatic arterial and portal flow decreased after
      endotoxin injection in the ETOX and Post IBU animals but not in the PreIBU
      injected animals. Pressure and flows returned to normal within 15 min after
      ibuprofen in the PostIBU animals but remained significantly lower in the ETOX
      animals. There was a transient increase in blood glucose concentration in the
      ETOX and PostIBU animals immediately after endotoxin injection, but not in the
      PreIBU group. Glucose then steadily decreased in all three experimental groups
      for the remainder of the experiment in spite of the fact that glucose production
      was elevated. Blood lactate and glycerol concentration increased in all three
      groups throughout the experiment. Ibuprofen was able to correct the pressure and
      flow changes caused by endotoxin, but did not prevent the hypoglycemia or
      accumulation of lactate and glycerol in plasma.

PMID- 3690815
TI  - Hemorrhagic shock prevents lung microvascular permeability and hypoxemia
      associated with complement activation in the awake sheep.
AB  - The effect of hemorrhagic hypotension on pulmonary dysfunction induced by
      complement activation was studied in 43 awake sheep, divided into six groups:
      Group I (n = 6), pulmonary vascular pressure was increased by inflation of a left
      atrial balloon; group II (n = 9), the complement system was activated by infusion
      of zymosan activated plasma (ZAP); group III (n = 5), hemorrhagic shock of 50
      torr was induced for 3 hr; group IV (n = 10), hemorrhagic shock was induced as in
      group III, and after 2 hr of shock, ZAP was infused; group V (n = 8), 5 mg/kg of
      indomethacin was administered before ZAP infusion; group VI (n = 5), pretreatment
      with indomethacin as in group V, hemorrhagic shock and ZAP as in group IV. ZAP
      infusion in group II led to a fall in WBC to 2,600/ml (P less than 0.001), and a
      rise in mean pulmonary artery pressure to 41.1 torr (P less than 0.001) and in
      pulmonary shunting (QS/QT) to 29.4% (P less than 0.001). Arterial oxygen tension
      (PaO2) fell to 62.0 torr (P less than 0.001), pulmonary lymph flow (QL) rose to
      14.0 ml/hr (P less than 0.01), and lymph protein clearance (L/P.QL) to 8.9 ml/hr
      (P less than 0.01). Plasma thromboxane B2 (TxB2) increased to 2.43 ng/ml (P less
      than 0.025) and pulmonary lymph TxB2 to 3.02 ng/ml (P less than 0.005).
      Hemorrhagic shock was followed by a rise in PaO2 to 97.5 torr (P less than 0.01),
      a fall in QS/QT to 7.9% (P less than 0.005), QL to 5.0 ml/hr (P less than 0.05),
      and L/P QL to 2.9 ml/hr (P less than 0.05). During hemorrhage, plasma TxB2 rose
      to 2.18 ng/ml (P less than 0.005) and lymph TxB2 to 2.32 ng/ml (P less than
      0.001). Infusion of ZAP during hemorrhagic shock was followed by a fall in WBC to
      2,300/microliter (P less than 0.001); but QS/QT, PaO2, QL, and L/P.QL remained
      unchanged. After indomethacin and ZAP, WBC fell to 3,210/microliter (P less than
      0.001), Ppa rose to 27.0 torr (P less than 0.05), QL rose to 8.3 ml/hr (P less
      than 0.05), and L/P.QL rose to 5.2 ml/hr (P less than 0.05). PaO2 fell to 75.0
      torr (P less than 0.05) and QS/QT increased to 17.1% (P less than 0.005). The
      protective effect of hemorrhagic shock on ZAP-induced pulmonary dysfunction was
      not reversed by indomethacin. It is concluded that hemorrhagic shock prevents
      hypoxemia and increased pulmonary permeability induced by activation of the
      complement system by ZAP.

PMID- 3690816
TI  - Coronary adjustments to graded hypotension in rabbits.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine how the myocardium can compensate
      (change O2 supply/consumption parameters) regionally during acute hemorrhagic
      hypotension. Twenty-one open chest, anesthetized rabbits were subjected to one of
      three treatments: (1) control (nonhemorrhaged), (2) hemorrhage to 70 mm Hg, (3)
      hemorrhage to 50 mm Hg. Myocardial blood flows were determined by using
      radioactive microspheres before and during hemorrhage. At the end of the
      experiment the hearts were removed and stored in liquid N2 and analyzed for
      subepicardial and subendocardial arterial and venous O2 saturation by using
      microspectrophotometry, and from this, O2 consumption was determined. During
      hemorrhage, blood pressures were significantly depressed for all groups compared
      to the control group. Myocardial blood flow was depressed 20% in the 70 mm Hg
      group and coronary resistance fell 15% compared to control. In the 50 mm Hg
      group, flow was reduced 38% and resistance decreased 31% compared to the 70 mm Hg
      group. No regional (subepicardial-subendocardial) differences in flow or
      resistance occurred during hypotension. These decreases in resistance were
      observed despite a 32% drop in O2 consumption in the 70 mm Hg group and 44% in
      the 50 mm Hg group compared to the control. O2 extraction remained unchanged for
      all groups as did the O2 supply/consumption balance. Thus, despite decreases in
      O2 consumption during acute hemorrhage, rabbit hearts decreased coronary
      resistance so as to maintain the O2 regional supply/consumption balance constant.
      Since O2 extraction did not change, these hearts were not ischemic, even in the
      subendocardium.

PMID- 3690817
TI  - Influence of rehydration on organ blood flow after hypernatremic shock in the
      unrestrained young minipig.
AB  - Hypernatremic shock was produced in the minipig by feeding hyperosmolar
      solutions, which led to osmotic diuresis and dehydration. Weight loss was 14%,
      serum values (in mmol/L) were, for Na, 168; urea, 12.1; bicarbonate, 10.5; and pH
      7.25 (mean values). Cardiac output was reduced by 51%, arterial pressure was
      unchanged (-5.1%); organ blood flow, measured with radioactive microspheres, was
      as follows: heart, -56%; brain, -35%; gastrointestinal tract, -60%; and kidneys, 
      57%. Intravenous rehydration for 24 h normalized weight, serum electrolytes, and
      pH; but had little effect on cardiac output and organ blood flow. Even
      prolongation of fluid therapy to 48 h did not restore the circulatory changes,
      which showed an arterial pressure of +4.3%; cardiac output, -31%; and flow to
      heart, -21%; brain, -24%; gastrointestinal tract, -30%; and kidneys, -47%. This
      pattern of diminished cardiac output, normal arterial pressure, and reduced organ
      blood flow not only in the splanchnic organs but also in heart and brain is
      similar to the hemodynamic response to vasopressin. Increased vasopressin release
      probably plays an important role after rehydration in hypernatremic shock.

PMID- 3690818
TI  - Exchange-transfusion with pyridoxalated polymerized hemoglobin: effects on liver
      PO2.
AB  - To examine the efficacy of modified stroma-free hemoglobin in maintaining liver
      PO2, rats were exchange-transfused to hematocrit 10% using pyridoxalated
      polymerized hemoglobin (plp-polyHb, 10-12 g/dl) prepared from crystalline Hb.
      Following hemodilution, plasma Hb was 7.4 g/dl, and rats were normotensive. Mean
      liver PO2 was 3.4 vs 23.3 mm Hg in sham-exchanged controls. Other rats,
      hemodiluted similarly with 6% albumin or hydroxyethylstarch, were hypotensive and
      died. At 24 hours plasma Hb was 2.0 g/dl, indicating an intravascular half-life
      of approximately 16 hours. Hepatic PO2 was 12.4 vs 26.8 mm Hg in nonhemodiluted
      controls. Data provided by clearance of low-dose indocyanine green suggested
      reduced plasma volume and depressed liver blood flow. Scattered foci of midzonal
      hypoxic damage were observed in liver lobules. The basis for hypoxic injury is
      considered to be due in part to the acute restriction of oxygen supply induced by
      exchange-transfusion with plp-polyHb. The rate of loss of intravascular
      hemoglobin and diminished plasma volume could have contributed to oxygen
      insufficiency as well. Endotoxin present in the plp-polyHb was not a factor.

PMID- 3690819
TI  - Regional coronary blood flow in canine hemorrhagic shock.
AB  - This study examined circumferential, apex-to-base, and transmural distribution of
      coronary blood flow at rest and in hemorrhagic shock in a canine model. In
      addition, animals subjected to identical anesthesia and instrumentation were not
      hemorrhaged and served as controls. Regional coronary blood flow was measured by
      the radioactive microsphere technique, using 15-microns diameter microspheres in
      both control and shocked dogs. Circumferential variation in flow occurred at rest
      with the left ventricular free wall blood flow higher than septal flow and the
      anterior region better perfused than the posterior region. In addition, the
      endocardium was favored over epicardium as indicated by an endocardial-epicardial
      flow ratio greater than one. Early shock altered the regional distribution of
      coronary flow, resulting in better perfusion in some areas of the heart than in
      others. Two hours of sustained shock (mean arterial blood pressure at 30 mm Hg)
      oblated differences in circumferential as well as apex-to-base distribution of
      flow, resulting in global hypoperfusion. Transmural distribution of flow was also
      altered with a significantly greater fall in endocardial compared to epicardial
      flow. The greater vulnerability of the endocardium to low-flow injury in shock
      was confirmed by the presence of hypercontraction lesions and necrosis in the
      papillary muscle and endocardial regions, but not in the epicardial region.
      Injury was homogenous, as indicated by the uniformed distribution of lesions and
      necrosis across the anterior and posterior regions, as well as the free wall and
      septum of the left ventricle. Two hours of anesthesia alone did not significantly
      alter the transmural or circumferential distribution of coronary blood flow.
      While there was a tendency for total coronary flow to fall over the experimental
      period, this did not achieve statistical difference. Our study confirms a
      significant relationship between reduced coronary perfusion and hypercontraction
      injury in canine hemorrhagic shock.

PMID- 3690820
TI  - Cardiovascular effect of intravenous lipid A in rabbits.
AB  - The in vivo cardiovascular effect of intravenous administration of monophosphoryl
      lipid A (mp-lipid A) and diphosphoryl lipid A (dp-lipid A) in awake New Zealand
      white rabbits was investigated. Observed changes were evaluated in comparison to
      a control group and an endotoxin-treated group. Rabbits given lipid A showed a
      significant depression in cardiac index (p less than .025), mean arterial
      pressure (p less than .025, dp-lipid A only), arterial carbon dioxide tension (p
      less than .025), and total leukocyte count (p less than .05) compared to
      controls. Animals receiving lipid A tended to respond overall in a manner closely
      matching that of the endotoxin group. Dosages of lipid A given were approximately
      3.5 times larger than the endotoxin dosages with respect to actual number of
      molecules administered (1.25-2.0 times larger by mass). These results indicate
      that lipid A is active in producing the cardiovascular and leukopenic effects
      characteristic of experimental septic shock.

PMID- 3690821
TI  - The physician's role in a community-based effort against the AIDS epidemic.

PMID- 3690822
TI  - Prevention and control of AIDS. An interim report of the American Medical
      Association's Board of Trustees.

PMID- 3690823
TI  - Cardiopulmonary effects of chronic amiodarone therapy in the early postoperative
      course of cardiac surgery patients.

PMID- 3690824
TI  - Nocturnal diaphoresis and coronary artery spasm. Contribution of the
      parasympathetic nervous system.

PMID- 3690825
TI  - Colorimetric measurement of D(-)lactate in plasma.
AB  - We describe a method for the direct assay of D(-)lactate in plasma using D(
      )lactate dehydrogenase and a color reagent to produce a formazan color measured
      at 510 nm. This method agrees well with a modified lactate UV end-point method r
      = 0.998 and the regression equation y = 0.974x + 0.13. The precision for low and
      high concentrations of D(-)lactate is 4.8% and 3.6% within-batch and 8.9% and
      1.7% between-batch. Recoveries average 105% and 98% for D(-)lactate at
      concentrations of 1 and 5 mmol/L, respectively. The proposed method is
      inexpensive and suitable for routine and emergency use, and shares reagents used
      for the assay of L(+)lactate and 3-hydroxybutyrate.

PMID- 3690826
TI  - Isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase in amniotic fluid: implications in prenatal
      screening for cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Utilizing their differential susceptibilities to inhibitors and heat, we
      determined the amounts of the placental, liver, and fetal-intestinal isoenzyme
      forms of alkaline phosphatase in 143 samples of normal amniotic fluid obtained at
      14 to 18 weeks' gestation (1). For reliable results, it was necessary to
      standardize inhibition profiles for each pure isoenzyme in amniotic fluid. Total
      activity and the absolute amounts of placental and fetal-intestinal activities
      were significantly related to gestational age (p less than 0.05). These
      relationships that were absent when activities were expressed as percentages of
      the total. The mean isoenzyme composition of the 143 samples, expressed as a
      percentage of total alkaline phosphatase activity, was: placental, 3.4%; liver,
      9.8% (maximum, 47%); and fetal intestinal, 87% (minimum, 53%). The presence of
      phosphate in the assay medium (13.5 mmol/L) profoundly and differentially
      inhibited the isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase and changed the inhibition
      profiles of the tissue-specific enzymes; thus, it would not be feasible to use
      inhibitors to differentiate the forms. We therefore propose a phosphate-free
      technique for quantifying the isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase in amniotic
      fluid obtained at 14 to 18 weeks' gestation, to achieve the highest predictive
      values in a prenatal diagnostic test for cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 3690827
TI  - Assessment of phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelin in
      human serum.
AB  - We describe a method for analyzing the choline-containing phospholipids, namely
      phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelin that is highly
      sensitive, easy to perform, and very reliable. The method employs enzymic
      hydrolysis of choline from these phospholipids by phospholipase D with subsequent
      oxidation of choline by choline oxidase and generation of hydrogen peroxide.
      Hydrogen peroxide is then reduced by peroxidase with p-hydroxy-phenylacetic acid
      acting as an oxygen acceptor to form a fluorescent product which is stable for at
      least 24 h without loss of linearity. The analysis requires a 5 microL sample
      volume and demonstrates linearity over a wide range (133 mumol/L-6.65 mmol/L).
      The CVs are less than 3%.

PMID- 3690828
TI  - Value of free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and sensitive
      thyrotropin (TSH) assay in the assessment of optimal thyroxine therapy.
AB  - We describe a sensitive thyrotropin (TSH) assay in the evaluation of thyroxine
      replacement therapy. Patients taking varying amounts of L-thyroxine replacement
      doses were studied using a thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) test and a
      sensitive TSH assay as the indices of optimal replacement therapy. There were no
      differences in the mean thyroxine doses of those patients who had a normal TRH
      response and those who had a flat response. Similarly there were no significant
      differences in the serum free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), or
      total triiodothyronine (TT3) levels between these two groups. The patients in
      both groups had normal basal serum TSH values as measured by a standard, HTSH
      RIABEAD (Abbott) method. However, serum TSH values, as measured by a sensitive
      TSH3 MAIACLONE (Serono) immunoradiometric method, were subnormal in all patients
      with flat TRH responses. The TSH (Serono) assay provided the best single blood
      test of optimal thyroxine replacement.

PMID- 3690829
TI  - Rapid drug screening using Toxi-Lab extraction followed by capillary gas
      chromatography/mass spectroscopy.
AB  - We report here a method of analyzing drugs in body fluids by gas
      chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) without the necessity for
      derivatization. Specimens (urine and serum) were extracted one time using Toxi
      Lab extraction tubes. The organic extract was evaporated to dryness, taken up in
      methanol, and injected directly onto a Hewlett-Packard 5995B GC/MS equipped with
      a 20-m, 5% phenylmethylsilicone capillary column. Most drugs of clinical interest
      eluted in 1-10 min and were identified by their mass spectra. Amphetamines were
      readily distinguished from other sympathomimetic amines; cocaine and its
      principal metabolite ecgonine methyl ester were readily detected without
      derivatization. We conclude that the combination of Toxi-Lab extraction and
      capillary GC/MS analysis provided a rapid, versatile, and efficient method for
      screening and/or confirming the presence of drugs in biological specimens.

PMID- 3690830
TI  - Evaluation and assessment of high sensitivity thyrotropin methods as an index for
      thyroid function.
AB  - We report the evaluation of four new commercially available sensitive assay kits
      for determination of thyrotropin (TSH) and their clinical utility in normal
      subjects and patients with thyroidal and non-thyroidal illnesses. The sensitivity
      for the reliable detection of serum TSH by these methods ranged from 0.1-0.4 mU/L
      and their decreasing order was : NML greater than Serono greater than Abbott EIA
      greater than Hybritech. The coefficient of variation ranged from 2.0-5.8% for
      intra-assay and 2.3-8.6% for interassay at different concentration levels.
      Patients studied (n = 130) were assigned into four groups on the basis of the
      serum thyroxine value and their clinical findings. In total, there were 17
      discrepancies (five with Hybritech, three with NML, five with Abbott EIA, and
      four with Serono) in making the correct diagnosis using these sensitive TSH
      methods as a single diagnostic test. These discrepancies were mainly in the same
      patients who were clinically euthyroid but had subnormal TSH values. There were
      no discrepancies in making the correct diagnosis for patients with
      hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism using these sensitive TSH methods. Our
      observations indicate that the sensitive TSH methods are reliable in measuring
      subnormal levels and may be used to detect hyperthyroidism without affecting in
      any way their value in detecting hypothyroidism.

PMID- 3690831
TI  - Procedure for effective separation of high-density lipoproteins in normal serum
      and hypertriglyceridemic samples.
AB  - A chemical procedure for high-density lipoprotein (HDL) separation in normo- and
      hyperlipidemic sera has been developed. The procedure is effective up to 25
      mmol/L of serum triglycerides and the constituents of the precipitation mixture
      (dextran sulfate, PEG-6000 and MgCl2) do not interfere with enzymatic assay of
      the HDL cholesterol.

PMID- 3690832
TI  - Enzymatic determination of red cell creatine as an index of hemolysis.
AB  - An enzymatic assay for creatine, depending on the creatine kinase reaction, has
      been modified for the determination of creatine in packed erythrocytes, using a
      centrifugal analyzer (COBAS BIO). The method is precise, sensitive and shows
      excellent accuracy in recovery experiments when compared to the diacetyl-alpha
      naphthol method. The enzymatic red cell creatine correlates with the erythrocyte
      survival time determined with the radioactive chromium method. It can be used as
      a rapidly available parameter for the quantification of hemolytic processes.

PMID- 3690833
TI  - Adenylosuccinate lyase as an indicator of breast and prostate malignancies: a
      preliminary report.
AB  - The high activity of adenylosuccinate (SAMP) lyase found in rat breast tumor, and
      its relative absence from normal rat breast tissue, suggests that it may serve as
      an indicator for human breast malignancy. Its activity has been measured in human
      breast tumors, both malignant and benign. The two were clearly separated with no
      overlap in activity between the malignant and benign tissues. Human prostate
      tissues were also examined for SAMP lyase. A cut-off level of 5 U/mL gave a false
      positive rate of 11% with no false negatives. These results indicate that further
      work is warranted to determine the effectiveness of SAMP lyase as an indicator of
      breast and prostatic cancers.

PMID- 3690834
TI  - Glycation of platelet protein in diabetes mellitus: lack of correlation with
      platelet function.
AB  - The relationship of nonenzymatic glycation of platelet proteins to altered
      platelet function was studied in 33 diabetic patients. Platelets isolated from
      diabetic patients were glycated to a greater extent than those isolated from
      nondiabetic controls. No relationship was found between the level of glycation of
      platelets in diabetics to parameters commonly used to monitor glycemic control
      (glycated hemoglobin, glycated albumin, fasting blood glucose). Platelets
      isolated from diabetics did not show an increased level of aggregation and
      Thromboxane B2 production as compared to nondiabetic controls. No significant
      relationship was found between the level of glycation and percent aggregation of
      platelets. The lack of a relationship between glycation and aggregation suggests
      that the former may not be responsible for the functional changes in platelets
      seen in diabetics.

PMID- 3690835
TI  - Patterns of porphyrin excretion in feces as determined by liquid chromatography;
      reference values and the effect of flora suppression.
AB  - While determining reference values for porphyrins in feces as measured by liquid
      chromatography, we observed strong fluctuations in fecal porphyrin contents. To
      explain these fluctuations, we selectively suppressed the intestinal flora of
      healthy persons. Suppression of aerobic flora had no effect on fecal porphyrin
      excretions, whereas suppression of anaerobic flora completely inhibited the
      transformation of protoporphyrin to pempto- and deuteroporphyrin for as long as
      five days after stopping medication. During this latter, the conversion to
      mesoporphyrin was clearly increased in one person and in others partly affected
      or decreased. During complete suppression of flora for prolonged periods, the
      production of proto- and coproporphyrins was decreased and deutero-, pempto-, and
      mesoporphyrins were absent. We conclude that the nature of fecal porphyrins is
      mostly affected by action of anaerobic bacteria, different kinds of bacteria
      having different effects. Some, like aerobic Gram-negative bacteria, have little
      or no effect on porphyrins; some cause production of mesoporphyrin; some promote
      a conversion to pempto- and deuteroporphyrin; and some mainly cause production of
      copro- and protoporphyrin. We give examples in which normal to slightly increased
      excretions of fecal porphyrin do not exclude a diagnosis of porphyria, and
      relatively high concentrations do not confirm one.

PMID- 3690836
TI  - Separation and identification of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes and isoforms in
      serum of healthy persons by isoelectric focusing.
AB  - We have developed an isoelectric focusing procedure for resolving alkaline
      phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) isoenzymes and isoforms in serum. We use a thin-layer
      agarose gel film containing synthetic carrier ampholytes and a "separator" to
      flatten the pH gradient in the region of the isoenzyme and isoform isoelectric
      points. Sharp, highly resolved zones of enzyme activity are obtained by limiting
      diffusion; for this we rapidly couple the released product, 1-naphthol, to a
      diazonium salt, which forms a colored precipitate at the site of activity. We
      have resolved and identified 12 zones of alkaline phosphatase activity in the
      serum of ostensibly healthy persons within a wide age range. Theoretically, three
      basic isoenzymes are produced from independent gene loci: intestinal, placental,
      and nonspecific tissue alkaline phosphatase. The other zones of activity may be
      isoforms.

PMID- 3690837
TI  - Preliminary clinical studies of C-reactive protein quantified by enzyme-linked
      immunoassay.
AB  - We have used an enzyme-linked immunoassay technique to quantify human C-reactive
      protein (CRP). In this assay phosphorylethanolamine is covalently linked to
      polystyrene wells. Serum or plasma specimens are diluted 961-fold and assayed.
      After Ca2+-dependent binding of CRP to the plates, the complex is reacted with
      peroxidase-labeled anti-CRP antibody. The response varies linearly with CRP
      concentrations between 10 and 160 mg/L; the detection limit is 0.34 ng per well.
      The results correlate well (r greater than or equal to 0.90) with those of rate
      nephelometry. This new method can be automated, is not subject to interferences
      or cross reactivity, is highly reproducible, has low background values, and can
      be carried out at room temperature.

PMID- 3690838
TI  - Liquid-chromatographic measurement of catecholamines and metabolites in plasma
      and urine.
AB  - In this general method for measuring the concentrations of neurotransmitters in
      body fluids by "high performance" liquid chromatography (HPLC), the procedures
      for extracting different biogenic amines from body fluids vary, but the basic
      chromatographic conditions are the same for all. We use citric/formic acid buffer
      as the mobile phase, a C18 column, and an electrochemical detector. Specificity
      is better than in previously reported methods. Because of its excellent cost
      efficiency, we consider this to be the method of choice for quantifying biogenic
      amines.

PMID- 3690840
TI  - Non-enzymic glycation of individual plasma proteins in normoglycemic and
      hyperglycemic patients.
AB  - Diabetic patients in poor glycemic control show increased glycation of total
      plasma proteins, but little is yet known about the relative extents to which the
      various individual proteins are glycated. Thus, we studied the non-enzymic
      glycation of several major plasma proteins and plasma protein fractions in normal
      and diabetic patients. In vivo glycation for most plasma proteins was very low in
      non-diabetic patients, only gamma globulin showing more than 5% glycation. In
      diabetic plasmas, glycation was much greater, immunoglobulins again showing the
      greatest proportion, followed in descending order by albumin, complement C3,
      fibrinogen, transferrin, haptoglobin, and alpha-1-antitrypsin. When plasma
      proteins were glycated in vitro, this order was IgG greater than complement C3
      greater than albumin greater than transferrin greater than haptoglobin greater
      than alpha-1-antitrypsin. In general, proteins with the longest biological half
      lives, such as IgG and albumin, showed the greatest in vivo glycation. On the
      other hand, proteins with high intrinsic glycability, such as complement C3,
      showed moderate glycation, despite a short half-life. Except for albumin, more
      basic proteins showed greater glycation than acidic proteins, but there was poor
      correlation between mole percent lysine and glycation. Evidently the relative
      extents of glycation of different plasma proteins are a complex function of
      integrated glucose concentrations over time and of the half-life and chemical
      characteristics of each protein.

PMID- 3690839
TI  - Chemical characterization of urinary glycopeptides.
AB  - We prepared human urinary glycopeptides from the supernatant liquid remaining
      after precipitation of the nondialyzable fraction with cetylpyridinium chloride.
      Using cation exchange and affinity chromatographies and gel filtration, we
      obtained 28 glycopeptide subfractions. By compositional analyses of sugar and
      amino acid, and by reducing-terminal analyses after reduction with NaBH4, we
      determined the size of the carbohydrate moiety and the types of carbohydrate
      peptide linkage involved. We isolated several glycopeptides not previously
      described: six with sialic acid, two with fucose, two with glucose, and one with
      N-acetylgalactosamine. The sialic acid glycopeptides had a short carbohydrate
      chain of the O-glycoside type. The fucose-containing glycopeptides were
      fucosyllactosaminoglycans. The glucose glycopeptides were polymers linked to a
      small peptide moiety. The N-acetylgalactosamine-rich glycopeptide was found in an
      N-glycoside-type fraction, with N-acetylgalactosamine at the nonreducing
      terminal.

PMID- 3690841
TI  - Simultaneous determination of trace elements in lavage fluids from human
      bronchial alveoli by energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence. 3. Routine analysis.
AB  - We applied the energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence technique to determination of
      trace elements in human bronchoalveolar lavage fluids. Our analysis of more than
      200 samples allowed us to determine normal reference values, to be used in
      characterizing occupational exposure. These values are expressed both in
      nanograms per 1000 cells (of all kinds) and nanograms per 1000 macrophages to
      correlate lavage efficiency and dust content of the alveoli. The result expressed
      in milligrams per liter is not sufficient, because some healthy volunteers showed
      high concentrations of iron but normal values when expressed vs the number of
      cells. Some examples of abnormal compositions of broncho-alveolar lavages are
      reported and the fully automated spectrometer developed for clinical and
      biological investigations is described.

PMID- 3690842
TI  - Bias and precision of cholesterol analysis by physician's office analyzers.
AB  - We studied the bias and precision of serum cholesterol analysis by physician's
      office analyzers. Total imprecision (CV range, %) for analysis of serum pools
      was: Abbott Vision 1.5%-1.9%; Ames Seralyzer 3.9%-4.5%; BMD Reflotron 2.3%-3.8%;
      Chrometrics Cholesterol Test System 2.3%-2.8%; Kodak DT-60 1.6%-2.2%. The Ames
      Seralyzer exhibited an excessive between-run component of variation. We
      collected, from 109 volunteers, samples of venous serum, heparin-treated whole
      blood, heparin-treated plasma, and fingerstick whole blood, and analyzed each
      type (where possible) with each system; serum was also analyzed in duplicate (by
      a proposed Reference Method) at the Centers for Disease Control. For assays with
      serum, the BMD Reflotron and Kodak DT-60 exhibited negative bias. All systems
      gave lower results for plasma and whole blood than for serum. All systems except
      the Kodak DT-60 were less precise for analysis of patients' sera than for
      analysis of serum pools; between-specimen variables may influence the results of
      these systems.

PMID- 3690844
TI  - A monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of alpha 1-acid
      glycoprotein.
AB  - A "sandwich"-type enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for determining
      concentrations of human alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) is described. Microtiter
      plates coated with a polyclonal rabbit antibody to human AGP were subsequently
      incubated with the antigen, with a specific murine monoclonal antibody, and with
      goat anti-mouse immunoglobulins conjugated to alkaline phosphatase. To evaluate
      the method for assay of AGP in human sera, we compared it with single radial
      immunodiffusion and "rocket" electroimmunoassay. The respective correlations were
      r = 0.988 (n = 45) and r = 0.973 (n = 47). Repeated assays of a human serum
      sample with an average AGP concentration of 859 mg/L yielded within-day and
      between-day CVs of 1.4% (n = 5) and 6.3% (n = 10), respectively. Because of its
      low detection limit (4.4 micrograms/L), this assay is also suitable for
      determination of AGP concentrations in other biological fluids, such as
      dialysates of patients being treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal
      dialysis.

PMID- 3690843
TI  - Automated solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography for assay of
      cyclosporine in whole blood.
AB  - In this rapid, precise, accurate, cost-effective, automated liquid
      chromatographic procedure for determining cyclosporine in whole blood, the
      cyclosporine is extracted from 0.5 mL of whole blood together with 300 micrograms
      of cyclosporin D per liter, added as internal standard, by using an Advanced
      Automated Sample Processing unit. The on-line solid-phase extraction is performed
      on an octasilane sorbent cartridge, which is interfaced with a RP-8 guard column
      and an octyl analytical column, packed with 5-microns packing material. Both
      columns are eluted with a mobile phase containing acetonitrile/methanol/water
      (53/20/27 by vol) at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min and column temperature of 70
      degrees C. Absolute recovery of cyclosporine exceeded 85% and the standard curve
      was linear to 5000 micrograms/L. Within-run and day-to-day CVs were less than 8%.
      Correlation between automated and manual Bond-Elut extraction methods was
      excellent (r = 0.987). None of 18 drugs and four steroids tested interfered.

PMID- 3690845
TI  - Liquid-chromatographic determination of inosine, xanthine, and hypoxanthine in
      uremic patients receiving hemodialysis treatment.
AB  - We used a liquid-chromatographic method to measure xanthine, hypoxanthine, and
      inosine in plasma of uremic patients before and after hemodialysis. The
      concentrations of all three were higher than in normal subjects. After dialysis
      treatment, the values were significantly lower than before dialysis, but still
      above normal.

PMID- 3690846
TI  - 31P nuclear magnetic resonance study of variations in intra-erythrocytic ATP
      concentration and pH induced by surgical trauma.
AB  - Variations in intracellular pH and ATP concentrations in erythrocytes were
      studied in patients undergoing a mild surgical intervention. Intra-erythrocytic
      pH was decreased at the end of the operation; ATP concentrations concomitantly
      increased, but not highly significantly. These variables returned to their
      initial values by 20 h after the end of surgery.

PMID- 3690847
TI  - Enzyme immunoassay for simultaneous measurement of autoantibodies against
      thyroglobulin and thyroid microsome in serum.
AB  - A combined enzyme immunoassay (micro-ELISA) technique was established for
      measuring autoantibodies against thyroglobulin and thyroid microsome, involving
      the immuno-dot blot technique. Thyroglobulin and thyroid microsome antigens (1
      g/L each) prepared from normal thyroids were spotted separately onto
      nitrocellulose membrane filter discs. Results by this method and those by
      immunofluorescence correlated well. The percentages of confirmed positives were
      30% and 48% and the negatives were 58% and 46% (n = 50) for thyroglobulin and
      microsome, respectively. Testing these samples by gelatin agglutination gave a
      high percentage of false positives (up to 20%, n = 128) and hemagglutination
      testing yielded a high percentage of false negatives (up to 20%, n = 45). The
      titer of autoantibodies by the micro-ELISA technique was greater than by
      agglutination. This technique is highly specific and sensitive.

PMID- 3690848
TI  - An alternative fluorescence enhancement solution for use in lanthanide-based time
      resolved fluoroimmunoassays.
AB  - Time-resolved fluoroimmunoassays that make use of lanthanide chelates as labels
      require the addition of an enhancement solution to elicit the formation of a
      fluorescent lanthanide complex. All solutions previously described are based on 2
      naphthoyltrifluoroacetone (NTA), a beta-diketone. Currently, this compound is not
      commercially available. We report here the properties and performance of an
      enhancement solution prepared with a commercially available beta-diketone,
      thenoyltrifluoroacetone. Use of this solution in a commercial time-resolved
      fluoroimmunoassay gave results essentially identical to those obtained with the
      NTA-based solution, although fluorescence emission was approximately 27% lower.
      The lower fluorescence yield did not, however, significantly reduce assay
      sensitivity. We conclude that this solution represents a viable and highly
      economical alternative to the preparation currently in use, particularly for
      laboratories wishing to develop their own assays based on lanthanide
      fluorescence.

PMID- 3690849
TI  - Use of a competitive inhibitor in a kinetic enzymatic method for measuring
      ethanol in serum.
AB  - We describe a kinetic enzymatic method for ethanol in serum, based on the use of
      pyrazole, a competitive inhibitor for alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1). The
      method is rapid and is easily automated for the Cobas Bio centrifugal analyzer.
      No specimen pretreatment is necessary and the total reaction time is 120 s. The
      standard curve is linear up to 140 mmol/L. The within-run CV was between 1.9% and
      3.5%; the between-run CV ranged from 2.6% to 4.1%. Mean analytical recovery of
      ethanol added to serum was 100.2%. We compared results of the kinetic enzymatic
      method with those from a gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) method and another
      commercial alcohol dehydrogenase method (TDx REA Ethanol; Abbott Diagnostics).
      Linear regression analysis gave the following equations: kinetic = 0.991GLC -
      0.354 mmol/L (r = 0.992, n = 110) and kinetic = 0.998TDx - 1.741 mmol/L (r =
      0.993, n = 70). No interference from methanol or isopropanol was seen.

PMID- 3690850
TI  - Convenient urine oxalate assay with an oxalate oxidase reagent and a centrifugal
      analyzer.

PMID- 3690851
TI  - Fat agglutination slide test for increased concentrations of C-reactive protein
      in serum compared with results by laser nephelometry.

PMID- 3690852
TI  - No catalase isoenzymes in serum.

PMID- 3690853
TI  - Correlation between serum urea and salivary urea.

PMID- 3690854
TI  - Lack of mezlocillin and piperacillin interference in measurement of vancomycin in
      the Abbott TDx.

PMID- 3690855
TI  - Automated procedure for reading and calculating glycated hemoglobin fractions.

PMID- 3690856
TI  - Cumulative distribution analysis graphs--an alternative to ROC curves.

PMID- 3690857
TI  - Rapid measurement of HBA1c by FPLC.

PMID- 3690858
TI  - Determination of total hemoglobin in whole blood: further tests of the "Hemocue"
      method.

PMID- 3690859
TI  - Significance of increased serum lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 5 in acute infero
      posterior myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3690860
TI  - A pitfall in analysis of proteins synthesized by sweat glands from patients with
      cystic fibrosis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and double-label
      autoradiography.

PMID- 3690861
TI  - Evaluation of lidocaine interference in the Kodak Ektachem 700 analyzer single
      slide method for creatinine.

PMID- 3690862
TI  - Improvement in lower carboxyhemoglobin range determination by second-derivative
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 3690863
TI  - Two assays of intact parathyrin compared.

PMID- 3690864
TI  - Performance of three new blood-glucose reflectometers evaluated by nursing and
      laboratory staffs.

PMID- 3690866
TI  - Parallelism of dilution curves in radioimmunoassay.

PMID- 3690867
TI  - More on proficiency testing.

PMID- 3690865
TI  - Double IgA bands in serum from a patient with lymphoplasmacytoid leukemia with
      hairy-cell morphology.
AB  - We present a case of plasmacytoid lymphocytic leukemia with hairy-cell-like
      cytoplasmic projections and separate monomeric and polymeric IgA(lambda) serum
      bands confirmed by immunofixation. After a prolonged initial good response to
      chemotherapy, the patient had recurrent disease with increased plasmacytoid
      blastic feature and died. The relationship of this case to B-cell proliferative
      disorders is discussed.

PMID- 3690868
TI  - False-positive urinalysis results with acidified urine.

PMID- 3690869
TI  - Optimizing sensitivity of serum retinol and alpha-tocopherol assay.

PMID- 3690870
TI  - Proposed change to "Information for Authors": Precision.

PMID- 3690871
TI  - Availability of plasma with target values for certain lipids.

PMID- 3690872
TI  - Calibration of triglyceride assay in the DuPont aca IV by use of aqueous primary
      standards.

PMID- 3690873
TI  - Lack of interference of tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamine with the determination of
      volatile alcohols or ethylene glycol in serum by capillary gas chromatography.

PMID- 3690874
TI  - International character of Clinical Chemistry.

PMID- 3690875
TI  - Fructosamine and protein concentrations in serum.

PMID- 3690876
TI  - Alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes incompletely resolved by "Fast Protein Liquid
      Chromatography".

PMID- 3690877
TI  - Familial dysbetalipoproteinemic subjects with the E3/E2 phenotype exhibit an E2
      isoform with only one cysteine residue.
AB  - Most familial dysbetalipoproteinemic patients are E2/E2 homozygotes for the
      apolipoprotein E (apoE) polymorphism, whereas patients with the E4/E2 or E3/E2
      phenotype are very rare. Three out of 41 dysbetalipoproteinemic patients from our
      lipid clinic appeared to be E3/E2 heterozygotes. ApoE protein phenotyping and DNA
      oligonucleotide hybridization techniques showed that all three patients exhibit
      an uncommon E2 variant that contains only one cysteine residue. These results
      suggest that, in contrast to the by far most frequently occurring E2(Arg158---
      Cys) allele, heterozygosity for this uncommon E2 allele may cause familial
      dysbetalipoproteinemia. Preliminary family studies suggest that this uncommon E2
      allele cosegregates with familial dysbetalipoproteinemia.

PMID- 3690879
TI  - Leucocyte chemotaxis to antigens of dermatophytes causing scalp ringworm.

PMID- 3690878
TI  - A new autosomal dominant craniofacial deafness syndrome.
AB  - A Jewish family is reported in which the proband and her father had congenital
      hearing loss and unusual facies consisting of facial asymmetry, temporal alopecia
      with frontal bossing, a broad nasal root and small nasal alae. In addition, both
      were born with a short frenulum of the tongue. We believe these findings
      represent a new autosomal dominant deafness syndrome with distinct craniofacial
      features.

PMID- 3690880
TI  - The effect of fixation on monoclonal antibody labelling on cell surface antigens
      in cutaneous tissue.

PMID- 3690881
TI  - Solar urticaria--effective treatment by plasmapheresis.

PMID- 3690882
TI  - Hypertrichosis in patients receiving cyclosporine therapy.

PMID- 3690883
TI  - Induction of pemphigus by X-ray irradiation.

PMID- 3690884
TI  - Papular urticaria produced by the mite Listrophorus gibbus.

PMID- 3690885
TI  - Vertebral hyperostosis associated with etretinate therapy.

PMID- 3690886
TI  - Dermatitis artefacta with artefact of patch tests.

PMID- 3690887
TI  - Follicular mucinosis in association with Sezary syndrome.

PMID- 3690888
TI  - Chronic destructive ulcerative lesion of the midface and nasal cavity due to
      leishmaniasis contracted in Djibouti.

PMID- 3690889
TI  - Pemphigus vulgaris in young Asians--a report of three cases and review of the
      literature.

PMID- 3690890
TI  - Cervical nodular localized myxoedema in a thyroidectomy scar: light and electron
      microscopy and histochemical findings.

PMID- 3690891
TI  - Failure of PUVA in lichen myxoedematosus: acceleration of associated multiple
      keratoacanthomas with development of squamous carcinoma.

PMID- 3690892
TI  - Trimethoprim and acute exacerbations of eczema.

PMID- 3690893
TI  - Peripheral blood leucocyte subpopulations in patients splenectomized for trauma.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies were used to type leucocyte subpopulations in peripheral
      blood mononuclear leucocytes (MNL) from patients who had had spleens removed
      following trauma. The proportion of OKT3+ (T) cell and OKT4+ ('T helper/inducer')
      cell was significantly decreased in splenectomized subjects. While a decrease was
      also observed for the OKT8+ ('T suppressor/cytotoxic') cells, this was not
      significant. The ratio of OKT4+/OKT8+ cells was significantly decreased in the
      splenectomized group. Interestingly, the absolute numbers of OKT3+, OKT4+ and
      OKT8+ cells were increased. The % of B lymphocytes (identified as Ig+ and FMC1+
      cells) was significantly increased in patients. The proportion of MHC Class II+
      cells (FMC4+) was also increased although not significantly. A marked increase in
      % of monocytes (FMC33+) was observed in patients. The changes in proportion of
      regulatory T cells and monocytes may in part explain the depressed mitogen
      responses of MNL from splenectomized subjects.

PMID- 3690894
TI  - Distinction between natural and pathological autoantibodies by immunoblotting and
      densitometric subtraction: liver-kidney microsomal antibody (LKM) positive sera
      identify multiple antigens in human liver tissue.
AB  - Using one-dimensional and two-dimensional immunoblotting techniques the reactions
      of sera from 14 patients with liver-kidney microsomal (LKM) antibody positive
      chronic active hepatitis (CAH) with human liver microsomal preparations was
      compared with the reaction of sera from 12 healthy persons and from five patients
      with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). All sera displayed a multiplicity of
      reactions. This demonstrates the presence of many autoantibodies in normal human
      sera. It could be shown that all sera react with the cytoskeletal antigens
      cytokeratin, actin and actomyosin. These reactions were more marked in the
      autoimmune sera, i.e. LKM-positive CAH and SLE. Densitometric subtraction was
      found to be a reliable technique to distinguish the natural antigen/autoantibody
      reactions from pathological, disease-characteristic autoantibodies. It was shown
      that the pathological LKM autoantibodies recognize non species-specific
      microsomal proteins at 50 kD of pI 7.5-8.0 at high titres, which are only very
      weakly recognized by normal or SLE sera. We recommend sensitive immunoblotting
      techniques and densitometric subtraction as the currently most accurate method to
      distinguish natural from pathological autoantibodies.

PMID- 3690895
TI  - Postpartum activation of autoimmunity: transient increase of total IgG levels in
      normal women and in women with autoimmune thyroiditis.
AB  - The immunoregulatory mechanisms underlying the transient rebound of autoimmune
      disease activity in the postpartum period were studied by determining serum
      immunoglobulins, thyroid microsomal antibodies and some viral (cytomegalovirus,
      Epstein-Barr, varicellae-zoster and mumps) and bacterial (Yersinia enterocolitica
      and Salmonella) antibodies in women with autoimmune thyroiditis and in healthy
      postpartum women. A characteristic increase between 2 and 5 months postpartum
      followed by a decrease to 10-12 months postpartum was observed not only for
      thyroid microsomal antibody titres in women with autoimmune thyroiditis but also
      for serum total IgG and IgG subclass levels (but not IgM, IgA or IgE) in both
      groups of women. This pattern of transient antibody increase was not detected
      against viral and bacterial antigens. The characteristic alterations of thyroid
      microsomal antibody titres in the postpartum period of women with autoimmune
      thyroiditis thus appear to occur as a consequence of an activation of
      immunoglobulin-producing B cell clones. This activation seems restricted to the
      IgG class and to certain B cell clones.

PMID- 3690896
TI  - Home care economics: challenge and opportunities for future nursing
      practitioners.

PMID- 3690897
TI  - Structural-functional correlations in serial biopsies from patients with
      glomerulonephritis.
AB  - It has been proposed that interstitial fibrosis is causally related to a
      progressive decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), in patients with
      various renal diseases. We examined the relationship between morphological and
      functional parameters in 200 samples from 74 patients with mesangial
      proliferative glomerulonephritis. The glomerular lesion was semiquantitatively
      analyzed using the Glomerular Index (GI). Interstitial volume (IV) was determined
      by the point-counting method. Both GI and IV showed a significant negative
      correlation with Ccr and a positive correlation with serum creatinine. The serial
      change in IV from the first to the last biopsy (delta IV) showed a weak but
      significant negative correlation with those in Ccr, over the same period (delta
      Ccr). The serial change in GI (delta GI) did not correlate with delta Ccr. There
      was a significant positive correlation between GI and IV and between delta GI and
      delta IV. These data confirmed a cause-and-effect relationship between
      interstitial damage and GFR and also showed that the glomerular lesion as well as
      the interstitial change play an important role in the deterioration of renal
      function. Thus, the interstitial lesion alone should not be emphasized as a
      determinant of renal function, as we noted a close correlation between the
      interstitial and glomerular lesion. Interstitial damage is apparently secondary
      to the glomerular lesion in patients with mesangial proliferative
      glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 3690898
TI  - Benign persistent asymptomatic proteinuria with incomplete foot process disease
      in adolescents: a new clinical entity?
AB  - A distinct glomerular damage characterized by the following clinical and
      pathological findings was verified in 20 children with a proteinuria. The
      clinical features were: 1) glomerular damage was frequent in adolescent males,
      the male to female ratio being 3:1; 2) the onset was initiated by asymptomatic
      proteinuria which remitted spontaneously after 3-5 years, with no resulting
      nephrotic syndrome; 3) there was no apparent cause for the proteinuria such as
      postural proteinuria, wandering kidney, hypertension or heart disease; 4) in no
      patient was there a past history of infection or occurrence of other diseases; 5)
      there were no morphological alterations except for fusion of the epithelial foot
      processes in about 40% of the glomerular capillary wall; and 6)
      immunofluorescence microscopy revealed the lack of deposition of immunoglobulins
      in 20 patients and deposits of complement (C3) or fibrinogen in 4 out of 20. The
      degree of fusion of epithelial foot processes in incomplete foot process disease
      was significantly different from that seen in orthostatic proteinuria, thin
      basement membrane syndrome and minimal change nephrotic syndrome. Compared to the
      latter, incomplete foot process disease is likely to occur at a higher age with a
      peak at adolescence, then remit spontaneously without therapy. These events may
      constitute a distinct entity.

PMID- 3690899
TI  - Long-term use of magnesium hydroxide as a phosphate binder in patients on
      hemodialysis.
AB  - The long-term use of magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)2] as a phosphate binder was
      investigated in 18 patients on chronic hemodialysis. All patients received a
      basal treatment with oral calcium carbonate. Vitamin D supplements were not used.
      In period I each patient ingested aluminum hydroxide [Al(OH)3], in period II
      Mg(OH)2 and in period III Mg(OH)2 and Al(OH)3 together. During period II and III
      a dialysate devoid of Mg was used. Mg(OH)2 doses were adjusted to prevent severe
      hypermagnesemia and diarrhea. The mean dose of Mg(OH)2 in period II was 2.4 +/-
      0.6 and in period III 2.6 +/- 1.2 g/day. Serum phosphate increased significantly
      in period II and fell again in period III. Despite a halving of the Al(OH)3 dose
      in period III, serum Al was similar in period I and period III (55.8 +/- 19.1 vs
      57.1 +/- 27.3 microg/l). Parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration fell in period
      II and decreased even further in period III. We conclude that oral Mg(OH)2 may
      reduce the required Al(OH)3 dose, however, without an effect on serum Al
      concentration. The observed suppression of parathyroid activity needs further
      study.

PMID- 3690900
TI  - Live poliovirus vaccine in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis: effects on
      renal function and specific antibody response.
AB  - Twenty-one patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (GN) (5 with renal failure)
      received three doses of live trivalent poliovirus vaccine administered orally.
      The effect of the polio vaccination on the renal function and the titers of
      antibodies to poliovirus were studied. No significant consequence was observed in
      renal disease. Before vaccination, titers of poliovirus type 1 and 3 antibodies
      were significantly decreased as compared to healthy adult subjects. After
      vaccination, the patients exhibited a significant rise in poliovirus antibody
      titers for the three serotypes, although some of them failed to develop a
      fourfold or greater antibody rise to at least one of the three serotypes,
      especially in the group of patients with renal failure. These results indicate
      that live poliovirus vaccination is not deleterious in patients with GN and can
      provide a good protection.

PMID- 3690901
TI  - Peritoneal dialysis in acute renal failure due to cholesterol embolization: two
      cases of recovery of renal function and extended survival.
AB  - Recovery of renal function and extended survival after acute renal failure due to
      cholesterol embolization are possible, as demonstrated by the case history of two
      patients. Both were treated with peritoneal dialysis during their acute insult
      and had a serum creatinine of 1.7 mg/100 ml and 2.4 mg/100 ml, respectively, 12
      and 60 months after diagnosis. Peritoneal dialysis is the preferred procedure for
      the replacement of renal function in these patients since it achieves good
      control of blood pressure and volume overload and avoids the need for vascular
      access and heparin administration.

PMID- 3690902
TI  - Net ultrafiltration in peritoneal dialysis equals cumulative transcapillary
      ultrafiltration minus lymphatic absorption during the dwell time.

PMID- 3690903
TI  - Geotrichum sp. as an agent of peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal
      dialysis (CAPD)

PMID- 3690904
TI  - Arrhythmogenic properties of disordered breathing during sleep in patients with
      cardiovascular disorders.
AB  - The purpose of this study was twofold: to establish an ECG respiration monitoring
      system, and to evaluate the clinical usefulness of this system. Our purpose was
      to determine how many patients with cardiovascular disorders may have
      unrecognized sleep apnea and whether such apneic episodes are an important cause
      of cardiac arrhythmias. The study group included 81 patients, age range 40-95
      years, and 13 healthy males, age range 52-72 years. The 24-h ECG respiration
      recordings were obtained with the two-channel holter recorder. Airflow at the
      nose using a nasal thermister or chest wall movement by impedance pneumography
      was recorded as respiration record on the second channel. Sleep apnea was
      observed 69% and 77-100% in the control subjects and patients with cardiovascular
      disorders, respectively. Episodes of sleep apnea were most frequent in the
      patients with old myocardial infarction. Grading of apneas was defined according
      to the length of apnea. Short duration apneas were observed only in the control
      subjects, but longer apneic episodes were observed in patients with
      cardiovascular disorders. Bradyarrhythmias observed were to be relative to apneic
      episodes longer than 20 s, while ventricular arrhythmias were observed only in
      the patients with old myocardial infarction, coincident with apneas lasting
      longer than 40 s. Atrioventricular conduction disturbances were also observed to
      be related to the occurrence of sleep apnea. These results suggest that 24-h ECG
      respiration monitoring is useful not only for the observation of sleep apneic
      episodes, but also in clarifying the relationship between cardiac arrhythmias and
      apneic episodes.

PMID- 3690905
TI  - Coronary collateral vessels in patients with previous myocardial infarction.
AB  - To assess the degree of collateral vessels after myocardial infarction, coronary
      angiograms, left ventriculograms, and exercise thallium-201 myocardial
      scintigrams of 36 patients with previous myocardial infarction were reviewed. All
      36 patients had total occlusion of infarct-related coronary artery and no more
      than 70% stenosis in other coronary arteries. In 19 of 36 patients with transient
      reduction of thallium-201 uptake in the infarcted area during exercise (Group A),
      good collaterals were observed in 10 patients, intermediate collaterals in 7
      patients, and poor collaterals in 2 patients. In 17 of 36 patients without
      transient reduction of thallium-201 uptake in the infarcted area during exercise
      (Group B), good collaterals were seen in 2 patients, intermediate collaterals in
      7 patients, and poor collaterals in 8 patients (p less than 0.025). Left
      ventricular contractions in the infarcted area were normal or hypokinetic in 10
      patients and akinetic or dyskinetic in 9 patients in Group A. In Group B, 1
      patient had hypokinetic contraction and 16 patients had akinetic or dyskinetic
      contraction (p less than 0.005). Thus, patients with transient reduction of
      thallium-201 uptake in the infarcted area during exercise had well developed
      collaterals and preserved left ventricular contraction, compared to those in
      patients without transient reduction of thallium-201 uptake in the infarcted area
      during exercise. These results suggest that the presence of viable myocardium in
      the infarcted area might be related to the degree of collateral vessels.

PMID- 3690907
TI  - Effects of unloading and positive inotropic interventions on left ventricular
      function in asymptomatic patients with chronic severe aortic insufficiency.
AB  - The effect of an unloading (nifedipine, 20 mg sublingually) and of a combined
      unloading and positive inotropic intervention (nifedipine plus digoxin, 0.5 mg
      intravenously) on left ventricular performance was assessed in 48 patients with
      chronic severe aortic insufficiency. The left ventricular pump function
      myocardial contractility relation (ejection fraction, EF vs. peak arterial
      pressure to end-systolic volume ratio, PAP/ESV), and the pump function-afterload
      relation (EF vs. mean systolic wall stress, MWS) were constructed by means of
      quantitative M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography. In patients with normal
      control pump function (n = 14), nifedipine markedly decreased MWS, moving the
      patients to a new, more advantageous EF-MWS relation. In the 34 patients with
      abnormal pump function, the myocardial contractility level was the mean factor
      conditioning the response to pharmacological intervention. Patients with a value
      of PAP/ESV greater than 2.5 (n = 22) had normalization of EF after nifedipine and
      were upgraded to a more advantageous outlook for left ventricular mechanics EF
      MWS and EF-PAP/ESV relations. Of the 12 patients without normalization of EF
      after nifedipine, only the 4 patients with PAP/ESV greater than 2 had
      normalization of pump function indices after combined administration of
      nifedipine and digoxin.

PMID- 3690906
TI  - Nifedipine infusion in acute myocardial infarction: experience in twelve
      patients.
AB  - Studies of nifedipine have not shown that it reduces myocardial infarct size in
      humans. These studies did not consider the pharmacokinetics and dynamics of
      nifedipine. Oral doses of nifedipine cause high plasma concentrations and
      possibly harmful hemodynamic changes. Intravenous nifedipine infusion can rapidly
      achieve and maintain a steady concentration without repeated hemodynamic upsets.
      We studied 24-h intravenous nifedipine infusion in 12 patients with acute
      myocardial infarct, starting within 6 (mean 4.0 +/- 0.7) h of onset of pain, to
      determine its safety, pharmacokinetics, and dynamics. An intravenous nifedipine
      bolus of 15 micrograms/kg was followed by an infusion of 0.9 mg/h for 24 h. After
      the bolus, pulse rate rose 12.5 +/- 8.0 p less than 0.01) and blood pressure fell
      (systolic by 20 +/- 34, p less than 0.05, and diastolic by 7.5 +/- 15.6, p less
      than 0.05). There were similar but lesser changes during the infusion. Myocardial
      oxygen requirements, as measured by the rate-pressure product, did not increase.
      The mean nifedipine concentration at steady state was 17.2 +/- 4.2 ng/ml and mean
      elimination T 1/2 3.57 +/- 2.70 h. Nifedipine was discontinued in 3 patients
      because of hypotension (SBP less than 90), rapid atrial fibrillation, and
      complete heart block in one patient each. Seven patients developed
      thrombophlebitis. Large studies of this preparation examining infarct size
      limitation and mortality are feasible, although in view of the problems of
      thrombophlebitis in peripheral veins, shorter infusion times or infusion via
      central lines would be more acceptable.

PMID- 3690908
TI  - Devices external pulse generator: a reliable temporary pacemaker?
AB  - Two cases of malfunctioning APC (American Pacemaker Company) Devices pacemakers
      are reported. Two patients with sick sinus syndrome were temporarily paced using
      APC Devices pacemaker models EC 4542 and EV 4543 respectively, which showed
      transient increase (53% and 83% of the preset rate, respectively) in pacing rate.
      The sudden increase of the pacing rate might be the pacemaker's design to switch
      to fixed-rate pacing at nominally 25% higher than the selected rate in the
      presence of an excessive level of electrical interference. However, the increased
      rate was much faster than the interference rate. Great caution should be paid
      when APC Devices pacemaker is to be used.

PMID- 3690909
TI  - Accessory atrioventricular pathway, supra-, and infrahisian conduction impaired
      due to mitral annulus calcification.
AB  - Disorders of conduction occurring simultaneously in both normal and accessory
      pathways of patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome have only rarely
      been observed. To our knowledge this is the first report of impaired conduction
      in both pathways in WPW syndrome due to mitral annulus calcification (MAC). This
      case of WPW syndrome type A presented the following conduction abnormalities: (1)
      right bundle-branch block; (2) transient second-degree AV block with prolonged PR
      interval of the conducted beats; (3) during electrophysiological study, induction
      of tachycardia, dependent (phase 3) second-degree AV block, and occasionally
      conduction of two consecutive beats, the second showing an increased H-V interval
      (from 25 to 60 ms) and left bundle-branch block (LBBB) pattern, due to (4)
      infrahisian conduction abnormality.

PMID- 3690910
TI  - The climacteric and osteoporosis.

PMID- 3690911
TI  - Antepartum fetal surveillance.

PMID- 3690913
TI  - Gynaecological surgery.

PMID- 3690912
TI  - Schwartz-Bartter's syndrome and mesencephalic astrocytoma.
AB  - A case of an astrocytoma arising in the mesencephalon is reported. The patient
      was first treated at the age of 11 years. He led a normal life for almost 20
      years and survived for 25 years in spite of a recurrence 14 years after the
      initial operation. The last couple of years he developed various neurological
      disorders and a Schwartz-Bartter's syndrome. The clinical picture is explained by
      the growth of the tumor along the neuraxis to the hypothalamus.

PMID- 3690914
TI  - [MRI in callosal apraxia and agraphia due to a traumatic lesion in the posterior
      trunk of the corpus callosum].

PMID- 3690915
TI  - [Brain stem type neuro-Behcet's syndrome--clinical correlation with brain CT and
      MRI].

PMID- 3690916
TI  - [A case of multiple sclerosis with Broca's aphasia].

PMID- 3690917
TI  - [A case of multiple sclerosis associated with galactorrhea and amenorrhea].

PMID- 3690918
TI  - [A case of myastenia gravis with Basedow's disease, treated by subtotal
      thyroidectomy].

PMID- 3690919
TI  - [Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase histochemistry in
      neocortex and hippocampus in patients with Alzheimer type dementia and aged
      controls].

PMID- 3690920
TI  - [Juvenile type of distal and segmental muscular atrophy of upper extremities
      following injury of the accessory nerve. A case report].

PMID- 3690922
TI  - [A case of callosal damage accompanied with ideomotor apraxia without agraphia,
      diagnostic apraxia and intermittent initiation difficulty of left hand].

PMID- 3690921
TI  - [Precipitating events in transient global amnesia].

PMID- 3690923
TI  - [A case of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy--Mitochondrial myopathy,
      encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and strokelike episodes (MELAS)].

PMID- 3690924
TI  - [Alternating Tolosa-Hunt syndrome with sellar destraction].

PMID- 3690925
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with complex partial seizures and
      normal computerized tomography (CT) scan.
AB  - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination was performed in 18 patients with
      complex partial seizures (CPS) of long duration, who had normal computerized
      tomographic (CT) scans of the brain. Small MRI abnormalities correlating with the
      location of the epileptogenic focus in the EEG were demonstrated in 4 cases. The
      findings with strong signals were better demonstrated in the coronal view with
      longer time to echo (TE). In one patient, a lower signal lesion was documented,
      which was better visualized in the axial view with shorter TE. Patients with CPS
      should be subjected to MRI examinations with coronal and sagittal planes, using
      short and long TE in each slice. This method minimizes the chance for missing
      pathology.

PMID- 3690926
TI  - The speech evoked potential in normal subjects and patients with cerebral
      hemispheric lesions.
AB  - The present study deals with observations on the "speech evoked potential"-a late
      positive potential evoked by word repetition. These potentials, evoked by
      "silent" repetition of polysyllabic words, were averaged and recorded from the
      scalp overlying the inferior frontal regions on both sides in 20 normal healthy
      subjects of ages ranging from 13-58 years. The potential had a triphasic
      negative, positive, negative morphology and was present over both hemispheres in
      left as well as right handed subjects. The main positive deflection and mean
      latencies of 219.2 msec and 221.6 msec and mean amplitude of 6.2 muv and 6.5 muv
      respectively on the left and right sides. Though there were interindividual
      variations in latency, amplitude and morphology, there was a high degree of
      intraindividual similarity and reproducibility in subjects. The variations in
      these parameters with age, sex and handedness are discussed. In 10 patients with
      cerebral lesions, the evoked potential was normal in 5 cases with right frontal
      lesions and showed abnormalities in 3 of 5 cases with left frontal lesions. The
      speech evoked potential may be useful in the further study of electrical
      correlates of speech output in speech disorders.

PMID- 3690927
TI  - Course of blood pressure after cerebral infarction and transient ischemic attack.
AB  - In 63 patients, admitted for cerebral infarction or transient ischemic attack
      (TIA), the blood pressure course was studied. The blood pressure before the event
      was studied retrospectively; 32 patients were normotensive, in 31 patients
      existed hypertension, with antihypertensive treatment in 15 of these cases. The
      blood pressure after the event was studied prospectively, and turned out to be
      risen in 67% of the patients on the day of admission. It fell in the first day
      after infarction or TIA, mainly on the second day, to a plateau level reached on
      the fifth day. Only 3 patients (5%) remained hypertensive until discharge from
      the hospital. In 48 patients blood pressure values were available as measured two
      to six months after discharge, without a change in antihypertensive medication.
      Blood pressure was increased compared to the value measured before discharge. In
      14 patients (29%) hypertensive blood pressure figures were measured at that time.
      It is concluded that blood pressure is elevated in the acute phase of cerebral
      infarction and TIA, but falls spontaneously in the first days to normotensive
      levels in most patients; because blood pressure may increase again, measurements
      of blood pressure within the first months after discharge are needed.

PMID- 3690929
TI  - Spinal epidural abscess. Report of two cases.
AB  - The case histories of two patients with an acute spinal epidural abscess are
      reported. When presented with a patient suffering from a spinal cord syndrome,
      the physician must keep in mind the possibility of a spinal epidural abscess. A
      rapid diagnostic procedure, prompt laminectomy, and medical treatment are
      particularly essential to total recovery in such cases.

PMID- 3690928
TI  - Spinal epidural hematomas.
AB  - During the period 1943-1985 six patients were operated for spinal epidural
      hematomas at the department of neurosurgery of the University Hospital of Arhus.
      It is essential to perform acute laminectomy in case of rapidly increasing
      neurological symptoms. In the case of slowly increasing symptoms operation may
      provide a good result even if it is performed a week after the onset of symptoms.
      It is important to watch patients with fracture/dislocations of the spine closely
      during the first weeks after a trauma. If they develop neurological symptoms the
      patients should immediately be transferred to the department of neurosurgery with
      a view of

PMID- 3690930
TI  - Ulcerative colitis and interstitial myositis.
AB  - Amongst the protean extra-intestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel
      disease, scant mention is made of muscle involvement. This report outlines the
      clinical features, electrodiagnostic and muscle biopsy findings in a patient with
      ulcerative colitis who developed progressive proximal muscle weakness. The
      demonstration of interstitial myositis is discussed in relation to his underlying
      disease.

PMID- 3690931
TI  - Unilateral proptosis secondary to diffuse condensing osteomyelitis.
AB  - Osteomyelitis of the skull is an uncommon disease in the present days, mainly due
      to the advent of modern and more effective antibiotics. Hematogenous
      osteomyelitis is very rare. Osteomyelitis of the skull is usually not associated
      with sclerosis which is commonly seen in the rest of the skeleton. There are only
      few occasional case reports of condensing osteomyelitis wherein there was
      sclerosis of the bone associated with osteomyelitis of the skull and epidural
      abscess. An unusual case of diffuse condensing osteomyelitis of the skull
      producing unilateral proptosis is reported. The clinical, radiological features
      and microbiological aspects are presented. The proptosis was treated by excision
      of the bone behind the eyeball and thus relieving the proptosis and the impaired
      vision. The patient was given broad spectrum antibiotics for a period of two
      months. Further management problems are discussed.

PMID- 3690932
TI  - Rapidly growing head circumference as an isolated presenting symptom of brain
      abscesses in an infant.
AB  - A rapid and excessive enlargement in occipito frontal circumference (OFC) as the
      only manifestation of multiple cerebral abscesses in infancy is extremely rare. A
      2-month-old asymptomatic infant presenting with increasing OFC is described.
      Surgical drainage of the cerebral abscesses followed by prolonged antibiotic
      therapy resulted in complete recovery.

PMID- 3690933
TI  - Postictal Capgras syndrome.
AB  - The Capgras syndrome of delusions that familiar persons are being impersonated by
      identical doubles has occasionally been associated with cerebral disease, often
      of the nondominant hemisphere. A patient with chronic right cerebral hemisphere
      dysfunction and complex partial seizures of right temporal origin manifested the
      Capgras syndrome in the postictal state, and the delusions ceased with optimal
      seizure control. The delusions could result from postictal disinhibition of
      dominant hemisphere recognition functions, or from dysfunction of nondominant
      hemisphere centers involved in perceptual integration.

PMID- 3690935
TI  - Bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome in a young carpet weaver.

PMID- 3690934
TI  - The use of bromocriptine in parkinsonism after carbon monoxide poisoning.
AB  - Parkinsonism is a well known complication of carbon monoxide poisoning.
      Pharmacological treatment has been regarded as being not successful, as far as
      levodopa alone is concerned. Three cases are presented with symptomatic
      parkinsonism after carbon monoxide exposure, who have been treated with
      bromocriptine (in one case in combination with levodopa). The results are
      surprisingly good. A possible explanation is discussed.

PMID- 3690936
TI  - Eales' disease with hemiplegia.
AB  - A case of Eales' disease with hemiplegia is reported. The patient had a right
      hemiparesis and a left hemiplegia occurring after a sudden loss of vision in the
      left eye two years earlier. The diagnosis was based on fluorescein angiography
      showing neovascularisation, fluorescein leakage, perivascular sheating and
      hemorrhages and on CT scan showing multiple hypodense lesions in right and left
      hemispheres and on IDSA showing bilateral occlusion of anterior cerebral
      arteries. The patient did not have further relapses.

PMID- 3690937
TI  - Should unevaluated therapies be available for sale?

PMID- 3690938
TI  - Disclosure of the metabolic retroversion of trimethylamine N-oxide in humans: a
      pharmacogenetic approach.
AB  - Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), which is naturally occurring in dietary marine
      fish, is well absorbed and excreted apparently unchanged as judged by end-product
      analysis. Such observations may conceal the fact that the amine N-oxide has
      undergone a sequence of deoxygenation and oxygenation reactions only to revert to
      the parental form and be excreted as such--a process that we propose to call
      metabolic retroversion. To evaluate this phenomenon for TMAO we have investigated
      the fate of the orally administered substance in healthy volunteers and in four
      subjects previously phenotyped as having an inherited deficiency with respect to
      the metabolic N-oxidation of trimethylamine (TMA). Two of these subjects were
      typed as homozygous affected and the other two as "carriers." If substantial
      reduction of orally administered TMAO occurs during the course of its postulated
      retroverted metabolism, it was hypothesized that this would be revealed by the
      extensive urinary excretion of unoxidized TMA by the four affected subjects.
      After oral TMAO administration in the four healthy subjects, greater than 94% of
      the urinary TMA was in the form of TMAO and only less than 4% as the free base.
      However, after oral TMAO in the two homozygous-affected subjects, unoxidized TMA
      accounted for 35% and 51%, respectively, of the total urinary TMA, the balance
      being due to TMAO. For the carrier subjects, TMA accounted for 12% and 16% of the
      total urinary TMA after TMAO administration. It is thus clear that the urinary
      excretion of unoxidized TMA is increased greatly in affected subjects with an
      inherited deficiency of N-oxidation after the oral administration of
      TMAO.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3690939
TI  - Digoxin concentrations in serum and cantharides blister fluid: correlations with
      cardiac response.
AB  - The relationship between the pharmacokinetics and dynamics of digoxin was
      investigated using a skin blistering technique that allows experimental access to
      tissue fluid concentrations. Eight healthy volunteers received digoxin, 1.0 mg,
      and placebo intravenously according to a double-blind crossover design. Drug
      concentrations were determined during a 72-hour period in serum, urine, and
      cantharides blister fluid (CBF). Digoxin levels in the hypothetic peripheral
      compartments were calculated from serum concentrations. Digoxin effects (total
      electromechanical systole [QS2c], left ventricular ejection time [LVETc],
      preejection period [PEPc], QTc time, heart rate, and T wave amplitude) were
      measured simultaneously. Peak levels in the shallow and deep compartments
      occurred at 12 1/2 to 20 minutes and 3 hours and the maximum concentration in CBF
      (2.75 +/- 0.48 ng/ml) occurred at 1 hour. Digoxin effects on QS2c, PEPc, and the
      ratio PEP/LVET were not related to serum concentrations but were closely related
      to CBF concentrations (r = 0.90). CBF concentrations were then within the range
      of serum digoxin concentrations usually associated with the treatment of heart
      failure. Thus, CBF allows experimental access to active drug concentrations after
      a single intravenous dose.

PMID- 3690940
TI  - Methoxsalen is a potent inhibitor of the metabolism of caffeine in humans.
AB  - The acute effect of a single oral dose of methoxsalen on the pharmacokinetics of
      caffeine was investigated in five nonsmoking volunteers with psoriasis. Caffeine,
      200 mg orally, was administered to each subject at baseline before treatment with
      methoxsalen. One week later each subject was given a single oral dose of 1.2
      mg/kg methoxsalen 1 hour before administrations of another oral dose of 200 mg
      caffeine. The clearance of caffeine declined markedly from 110 +/- 17 ml/min
      (mean +/- SE) in the control study to 34 +/- 5 ml/min after methoxsalen. During
      the period of maximum inhibition the mean elimination half-life of caffeine
      increased from 5.6 hours at baseline to 57 hours after administration of
      methoxsalen. The peak concentration of caffeine and the time to reach the peak
      concentration of caffeine were not affected by pretreatment with methoxsalen.
      Thus, methoxsalen, administered acutely, is a potent inhibitor of caffeine
      metabolism in humans with psoriasis. Results of this investigation suggest that
      the elimination of concurrently administered drugs may be inhibited in patients
      receiving methoxsalen. In comparison with other drugs, methoxsalen is the most
      potent inhibitor of drug metabolism in humans. Other work has shown that
      inhibition of drug metabolism by methoxsalen is associated with both extensive
      covalent binding of metabolite(s) of methoxsalen to liver microsomal protein in
      vitro and in vivo and inactivation of cytochrome P-450.

PMID- 3690942
TI  - Workshop on geriatric clinical pharmacology. Baltimore, Maryland, December 4
      5,1986.

PMID- 3690941
TI  - The additive analgesic efficacy of acetaminophen, 1000 mg, and codeine, 60 mg, in
      dental pain.
AB  - In a double-blind, randomized, single-dose trial the analgesic contribution of
      acetaminophen, 1000 mg, and codeine, 60 mg, was determined. The study was a 2 X 2
      factorial experiment in which 120 patients suffering from pain as a result of
      oral surgery rated their pain intensity and pain relief for up to 5 hours after a
      single dose of one of: 1000 mg acetaminophen, 60 mg codeine, 1000 mg
      acetaminophen plus 60 mg codeine, or placebo. The factorial analysis showed that
      both 1000 mg acetaminophen and 60 mg codeine made a statistically significant (P
      less than 0.05) contribution to the analgesic effectiveness of the combination on
      all measures of efficacy (sum of pain intensity differences, largest pain
      intensity difference, total pain relief, largest pain relief, and time to
      remedication). The incidence of adverse effects did not appear to differ among
      the treatments, including placebo.

PMID- 3690943
TI  - Aging or disease?

PMID- 3690944
TI  - Clinical evaluation of medicines used by the elderly.

PMID- 3690945
TI  - The aging of America: a challenge to the pharmaceutical industry.

PMID- 3690946
TI  - Pharmacology and geriatric practice: a case study in technology nontransfer.

PMID- 3690947
TI  - Drug therapy in the elderly: the problem from the point of view of a clinical
      pharmacologist.

PMID- 3690948
TI  - The clinical investigation of drugs for use by the elderly: Food and Drug
      guidelines.

PMID- 3690949
TI  - The clinical investigation of drugs for use by the elderly: industry initiatives.

PMID- 3690950
TI  - A study of training in clinical pharmacology of the elderly.
AB  - Training of physicians in geriatrics is essential to improving health care for
      the elderly. Considering the frequent use, cost, and side effects of drugs in the
      elderly, knowledge in clinical pharmacology is an important component of that
      training. The present study surveyed 68 geriatric medicine, 27 geropsychiatry,
      and 46 clinical pharmacology fellowship programs in the United States for the
      clinical geropharmacology content of their programs. In geriatric medicine, 73%
      of the programs had formal didactic material, 58% had formal training in this
      area during clinical experiences, and 43% formally interacted with clinical
      pharmacology faculty or fellows. In geropsychiatry these numbers were 79%, 67%,
      and 31%, respectively. In clinical pharmacology, 34% of the programs had formal
      didactic content, 9% had clinical experience on a specific geriatrics unit, and
      14% had clinical experiences in a long-term care facility. Although some training
      in clinical geropharmacology exists in fellowship training programs, clearly
      there is much room for expansion and improvement in this important area of health
      care of the elderly.

PMID- 3690951
TI  - The concept of geriatric clinical pharmacology. Panel I: The ideal training
      program.

PMID- 3690952
TI  - The concept of geriatric clinical pharmacology. Panel II: Assessing progress and
      value of training programs.

PMID- 3690953
TI  - Measurement of food intake in children with diabetes mellitus: a comparison of
      protein intake and urine nitrogen.
AB  - A comparison of estimates of protein intake and urine nitrogen excretion may
      reveal something of the strengths and weaknesses of the dietary survey method
      used. To this end we have compared the protein intake calculated from a 3-day
      diary with 24 hr urinary nitrogen excretion in 124 children with diabetes
      mellitus. A positive correlation was found between these measures although this
      became non-significant when the boys and girls were considered separately and
      height, weight and age were taken into account. We conclude that the estimates of
      mean protein intake of the whole group was satisfactory but that of some
      individuals may have been poor.

PMID- 3690955
TI  - Increased left atrial size relative to left ventricular size in young women with
      insulin-dependent diabetes; a pre-clinical sign of the specific heart disease of
      diabetes?
AB  - Echocardiography was performed on 71 young (mean age 26 years) insulin-dependent
      diabetic women without clinical evidence of heart disease and on 36 healthy women
      of the same age. 39 diabetic women had microvascular complications and 9 of them
      also had abnormalities in autonomic function tests. The diabetic women had
      smaller left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic diameters (44 vs. 47 mm, p less than
      0.001) than the controls, although the left atrial sizes did not differ between
      the groups. They also had higher heart rates (80 vs. 70 bpm, p less than 0.001)
      and shortening fractions (35 vs. 33%, p less than 0.01), smaller stroke volumes
      (66 vs. 76 ml, p less than 0.01) and thicker interventricular septae (9 vs. 8 mm,
      p less than 0.01) than the controls. The diminution of LV size was most prominent
      in patients with severe microvascular complications. These data suggest that the
      myocardial contractility of young insulin-dependent diabetic women is not
      depressed, but rather exaggerated. The observed diminution of LV size in
      combination with normal left atrial diameter may reflect increased LV wall
      stiffness, a possible pre-clinical manifestation of the specific heart disease of
      diabetes.

PMID- 3690954
TI  - Pre-conception counselling, birth weight, and congenital abnormalities in
      established and gestational diabetic pregnancy.
AB  - Retrospective analysis of the case notes of 91 patients attending our combined
      diabetic/antenatal clinic during 1983-1985 confirmed the reported advantages of
      pre-conception counselling in established diabetics. 70 of the subjects, however,
      had glucose intolerance diagnosed during pregnancy and their babies had higher
      corrected birth weight than established diabetics (3,474 +/- 539 v 3,199 +/- 658
      g, p less than 0.025). Caesarian section rates were also increased. Six (9%)
      babies had congenital abnormalities and their mothers had significantly higher
      initial HbA1 than the rest, although HbA1 was not a good diagnostic test for
      glucose intolerance. The management, and even definition, of gestational diabetes
      is still controversial. Our data suggests that subjects with any degree of
      glucose intolerance in pregnancy should be managed as carefully as established
      diabetics and preconception counselling for high risk groups may be beneficial.

PMID- 3690956
TI  - Elevated albumin excretion rate is common among poorly controlled adolescent
      insulin dependent diabetics.
AB  - We studied urinary albumin excretion in 2 different groups of teenage diabetics,
      one with HbA1 less than 10% (n = 15) and another with HbA1 greater than 13% (n =
      17). We found a highly significant difference between the 2 groups regarding the
      albumin excretion rate (AER) in overnight urines. Median value 15.8
      micrograms/min (range 4.9-80.5) and 4.2 micrograms/min (range 1.0-12.6) in the
      high and low HbA1 group respectively. In a reference group of 19 healthy
      teenagers, the median AER was 4.9 micrograms/min (range 0.5-15.0). 59% of the
      patients in the high HbA1-group had values above the upper range in the reference
      group, 15 micrograms/min, and one had positive Albustix. In contrast, no
      difference in AER was observed between the low HbA1-group and the reference
      group. We did not find any correlation between AER and duration of diabetes, but
      the one patient with gross proteinuria had had diabetes for 14 years. No
      significant difference between the groups regarding blood pressure or retinopathy
      was found. Thus, AER was elevated in a large proportion (59%) of poorly regulated
      diabetic teenagers regardless of diabetic duration. This fact questions the value
      of employing moderately elevated urinary albumin excretion rate in teenage
      diabetics as a marker for later development of clinical diabetic nephropathy.

PMID- 3690957
TI  - Stress hyperglycaemia is a predictor of abnormal glucose tolerance in Indian
      patients with acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - 66 non-diabetic Indian patients with acute myocardial infarction were assessed
      prospectively for the presence of hyperglycaemia and the value of this admission
      hyperglycaemia and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1) levels in reflecting the
      glucose tolerance status of the patients was studied. Hyperglycaemia, defined as
      admission plasma glucose greater than or equal to 8 mmol/l was detected in 49% of
      the patients, whilst raised HbA1 values were seen in 11%. The admission plasma
      glucose (APG) correlated significantly with both the HbA1 levels and with the 2
      hour glucose value in the oral glucose tolerance test (p less than 0.001). An
      oral glucose tolerance test performed 3 months after the acute episode revealed
      that 35 patients (53%) had abnormal glucose tolerance according to WHO criteria.
      Of the patients with initial hyperglycaemia, 75% had abnormal glucose tolerance
      tests, whilst 32% of patients with normal APG had abnormal glucose tolerance.
      Abnormal glucose tolerance was also detected in all patients with raised HbA1
      values (greater than 8.9%) and in 48% of patients with normal levels. The
      sensitivity and specificity of APG greater than or equal to 8 mmol/l for abnormal
      glucose tolerance was 68.6% and 74.2% respectively and that of raised HbA1 values
      were 20% and 100%. Hence an APG greater than or equal to 8 mmol/l in patients
      with myocardial infarction is more likely to indicate the presence of
      unrecognized abnormal glucose tolerance rather than stress. HbA1 measurements do
      not appear to offer any further advantage in the assessment of hyperglycaemia
      following myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3690958
TI  - Modifications of relaxation times induced by radiation therapy in cervical
      carcinoma: preliminary results.
AB  - Pelvic Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was performed in eight healthy women and
      in eight patients with carcinoma of the cervix, using a 0.5 T superconductive
      magnet, to evaluate relaxation times of the normal uterine cervix and carcinomas.
      Spin-lattice (T1) and spin-spin (T2) relaxation times for skeletal muscle,
      adipose tissue and bone marrow of the epiphysis of the femur were also measured
      in all cases. In the group of patients with carcinoma of the cervix MRI was
      performed before, during and after radiation therapy. The mean T1 and T2 values
      for the normal uterine cervix and cervical carcinoma were evaluated. Mean spin
      lattice time for carcinomas were confirmed to be higher than the mean calculated
      value for the normal cervix, while no significant variation was observed with
      respect to spin-spin time. A high individual T1 and T2 variability was noted not
      only in the group of patients affected by cervical carcinoma, but among the
      healthy subjects too. After radiation therapy a mean T1 time reduction of
      approximately 20% was found in cervical carcinomas compared with pretreatment
      measurements, whereas no difference was evident for T2 time. These preliminary
      results confirm that reduction in spin-lattice time is demonstrated in tumours
      submitted to radiation therapy. More detailed biological information, such as
      percentages of vital and necrotic cells, tissue water content and cellular
      kinetics are probably necessary for a clearer understanding of this phenomenon
      even in an apparently homogeneous group of patients.

PMID- 3690959
TI  - Bladder cancer following low or high dose pelvic irradiation.
AB  - Eleven women presenting to this department since 1971 with bladder cancer have
      had previous pelvic irradiation. The tumours were generally of high grade and
      advanced T-category. Prognosis was poor and only 32% survived for one year. The
      interval observed between low dose pelvic irradiation and subsequent bladder
      cancer was longer than after high dose pelvic irradiation (mean interval of 30
      years compared with 16.5 years).

PMID- 3690960
TI  - Bone imaging and skeletal radiology in dysbaric osteonecrosis.
AB  - Twenty-nine United Kingdom deep sea divers were examined radiographically for
      skeletal abnormalities and also bone images were obtained using technetium-99m
      methylene diphosphonate. The results of the two forms of examination were
      compared and the use of radionuclide bone scanning was shown to be more sensitive
      than radiographic examination in monitoring those occupationally at risk of
      acquiring dysbaric osteonecrosis.

PMID- 3690961
TI  - Comparison of narrow section computed tomography and plain chest radiography in
      chronic allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.
AB  - Narrow section (3 mm width slices every 10 mm) computed tomography on an Elscint
      2002 scanner and plain chest radiography were performed in 10 patients with
      allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. No patient was experiencing an acute
      exacerbation. The investigations were reported separately and in random order.
      Bronchiectasis was reported in 31 of 60 lobes on computed tomography compared
      with only 15 on plain chest radiographs. Computed tomography was also more
      sensitive for proximal bronchiectasis detected in 16 lobes compared with only in
      10 on plain chest radiographs. Serial computed tomography may allow earlier
      identification of progression of lung damage in patients with allergic
      bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and so help in planning treatment.

PMID- 3690962
TI  - Computed tomography in the follow-up of retroperitoneal fibrosis.
AB  - Serial abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans have been performed in 15
      patients with biopsy-proven idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis. Twelve patients
      had abdominal CT both before diagnosis and at a variable time later. All 12
      patients showed a decrease in the size of the retroperitoneal mass at follow-up,
      although two had not been treated with steroids. The remaining three patients who
      had abdominal CT at some stage after diagnosis all showed a small residual
      retroperitoneal mass. Based on the findings, guidelines for the use of CT in the
      follow-up of retroperitoneal fibrosis are discussed.

PMID- 3690963
TI  - Gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
AB  - Seventy-two patients with gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma treated between
      1952 and 1980 are reviewed. The small intestine was involved in 49% of cases and
      the stomach in 29%. Surgical resection of the tumour was performed whenever
      feasible. Radiotherapy was used either adjuvantly or for incompletely excised
      tumours and chemotherapy was more often reserved for advanced, unresected
      disease. The overall 5 year survival was 36% and the 5 year relapse free survival
      was 22%. Forty-one (57%) patients relapsed of whom 33 (80%) subsequently died of
      non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The histology in each case was reviewed using the British
      National Lymphoma Investigation criteria and 94% of cases were reclassified as
      Grade 2 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

PMID- 3690964
TI  - The diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum: a continuing challenge.
AB  - During a 10 year period 49 patients were operated upon in Oxford for Meckel's
      diverticulum. Radiological imaging of the small intestine with radionuclide
      scintigraphy, small bowel barium enema or angiography was performed in 11
      patients. Radionuclide scintigraphy was positive in one out of six patients
      investigated. The small bowel barium enema detected an abnormality in seven out
      of eight patients examined and identified the diverticulum in six. Angiography
      was performed in three patients and active bleeding was demonstrated in two. Our
      experience would indicate that the small bowel enema is the method of choice for
      the investigation of suspected Meckel's diverticulum. Patients with acute
      bleeding should, however, be investigated with angiography.

PMID- 3690965
TI  - Technique and evaluation of the double contrast ileostomy enema.
AB  - A simple method for double contrast examination of the distal ileum in patients
      with a terminal ileostomy is described, using stomal intubation with a Foley
      catheter, syringe injection of barium, and air insufflation with smooth muscle
      relaxation. In 40 examinations the median length of ileum filled was 55 cm (range
      20 to 140) with 38% of this length visualised in double contrast in a single
      view. The prestomal ileum was demonstrated clearly in 85%. Nine out of 18
      patients with an abnormal ileostomy enema also had a barium follow through
      examination. The ileostomy enema made a significant contribution to the diagnosis
      in five of the nine patients.

PMID- 3690966
TI  - Computed tomography of the abdomen in advanced seminoma: response to treatment.
AB  - Thirty-three patients with advanced seminoma of the testis underwent serial
      computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen before, during and after chemotherapy.
      The immediate post-chemotherapy CT examination showed significant regression in
      29 patients and complete resolution in the remaining four (mean regression 70%).
      Continued CT follow-up at 1 and 2 years revealed further regression of residual
      masses without further treatment. We recommend that in this group of patients
      follow-up CT is carried out immediately after chemotherapy and at 1 year.
      Provided a satisfactory response is observed no further CT assessment is required
      unless there is clinical suspicion of relapse.

PMID- 3690967
TI  - Radiographic diagnosis of fracture-separation of the entire distal humeral
      epiphysis.
AB  - Twenty children with fracture-separation of the entire distal humeral epiphysis
      have been reported. The key to the radiographic diagnosis is the relationship
      between the radius and capitellum. A line extending from the shaft of the radius
      will always pass through the capitellum regardless of the position in which the
      radiograph is obtained. Posteromedial displacement of the humeral fracture
      fragment together with the ulna and the radius most commonly occurs. The injury
      must be distinguished from dislocation of the elbow, fracture of the lateral
      condyle, and supracondylar fracture of the distal humerus.

PMID- 3690968
TI  - Laryngocele--a study of five cases with reference to the radiological features.
AB  - Arising from the ventricle of the larynx are small saccules, usually less than 10
      mm in length. Occasionally the saccules may enlarge and the term laryngocele is
      applied. Five symptomatic cases are described with the radiological findings,
      which in each case contributed to the diagnosis established at operation.

PMID- 3690969
TI  - Adventitial cystic disease of the popliteal artery.
AB  - A case of adventitial cystic disease of the popliteal artery is described and the
      subject reviewed. Now that radiologists will often follow arteriography with
      angioplasty or thrombolytic therapy, it is particularly important that this
      condition is recognised.

PMID- 3690970
TI  - Renal cell carcinoma--an unusual presentation and sequel.
AB  - A 30 year old woman presented with an abscess in the renal fossa 4 years after
      nephrectomy for an incidentally discovered renal cell carcinoma.

PMID- 3690971
TI  - Atypical presentation of empyema of the gall bladder.
AB  - A case of empyema of the gall bladder complicated by liver abscesses is reported.
      The mode of presentation was atypical for both the empyema and the abscesses and
      computed tomography (CT) played a significant role in the diagnosis and
      management.

PMID- 3690972
TI  - The small bowel enema made easy.

PMID- 3690973
TI  - Iohexol and iopamidol for lumbar myelography.

PMID- 3690974
TI  - Vitamin B12 homoeostasis after haemorrhage in the rat: the importance of skeletal
      muscle.
AB  - 1. The effects of haemorrhage on vitamin B12 (cobalamin) homoeostasis have been
      studied in rats with and without prior administration of 57Co-labelled
      cyanocobalamin. 2. Arteriovenous differences in radioactivity and endogenous B12
      were measured across the thigh extensor muscles. Radioactivity and endogenous B12
      were also measured in skeletal muscle, liver and kidney. 3. Haemorrhage induced a
      marked rise in circulating B12 with a concomitant loss of the vitamin from
      skeletal muscle and liver, but in kidney there was a net gain. Restoration of the
      blood volume with autologous plasma did not prevent release of B12 from tissues.
      4. The results suggest that vitamin B12 reserves may be seriously depleted by the
      wasting of skeletal muscle.

PMID- 3690975
TI  - Endogenous vasopressin affects postural control of blood pressure in man.
AB  - 1. Six healthy volunteers received intravenous infusions of isotonic (0.9% NaCl)
      and hypertonic (3% NaCl) saline on separate days. There were no significant
      changes in blood pressure or forearm blood flow, despite an increase in plasma
      arginine vasopressin (AVP) during hypertonic saline. 2. Immediately and 10 min
      after passive tilting to 50 degrees, mean forearm blood flow fell by 17.1 and
      14.3% compared with the values in the supine position during isotonic saline and
      by 40.3 and 43.3% during hypertonic saline. Forearm vascular resistance rose by
      23.6 and 17.8% with isotonic saline and by 80.2 and 88.2% with hypertonic saline
      for the two readings in the tilted compared with the supine position. 3. Tilting
      was associated with a 14.9 and 12.1% rise in diastolic blood pressure immediately
      and 10 min after assuming this position during hypertonic saline, and a rise of
      6.4% in mean arterial pressure. 4. The results from this study are similar to
      those obtained previously, when small amounts of AVP were infused. They provide
      further evidence that AVP may have a physiological role in the postural
      regulation of blood pressure.

PMID- 3690976
TI  - Glucocorticosteroid status in chronic alcoholics with and without skeletal muscle
      myopathy.
AB  - 1. Chronic alcoholism is associated with a selective atrophy of type II skeletal
      muscle fibres. We studied the glucocorticoid status of chronic alcoholics with
      and without myopathy to determine if hypercortisolism is responsible for the
      myopathy. 2. Twenty-four hour urinary cortisol excretion and diurnal serum
      cortisol measurements were not significantly different in chronic alcoholics,
      with and without atrophy of type II skeletal muscle fibres. 3. Diurnal serum
      cortisol variation was normal for both groups of alcoholics studied. None of the
      patients with myopathy had raised serum cortisol levels. 4. We conclude that
      chronic alcoholic myopathy is not due to alcohol-related pseudo-Cushing's
      syndrome.

PMID- 3690977
TI  - Is low-level respiratory resistive loading during exercise perceived as
      breathlessness?
AB  - 1. The effect of adding low-level (2.7 cmH2O 1(-1) s) external respiratory
      resistive loads on exercise-induced breathlessness has been examined in naive
      normal subjects; the intensity of this loading was chosen to simulate that
      confronting an asthmatic subject during exercise. 2. Each of 18 subjects
      performed two separate tests in which workload was oscillated while the
      respiratory loading was changed every minute between no loading, inspiratory
      loading only, and inspiratory plus expiratory loading. Each loading condition was
      given three times, and both these changes and those in workload were
      unpredictable as far as the subject was concerned. 3. The purpose was to
      'confuse' subjects and obtain subjective estimates of their intensity of
      breathlessness independent of any expectation associated solely with the readily
      perceptible changes in external resistances to breathing. The study design was
      balanced for the group as a whole, both in terms of workload and respiratory
      loading condition. 4. The addition of these respiratory resistive loads during
      exercise did not result in a significant increase in the intensity of
      breathlessness. 5. Estimates of the rate of work of breathing revealed that this
      increased more with respiratory loading than it did as ventilation rose
      throughout the test; on the other hand, the intensity of breathlessness increased
      by a greater extent with continued exercise compared with the changes
      accompanying the addition of respiratory loads. 6. It is concluded that the
      intensity of the sensation of breathlessness experienced by normal subjects
      during exercise is not simple a reflection of an increased rate of work of
      breathing being performed by the respiratory muscles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3690978
TI  - Peripheral vascular responses during carotid baroreceptor stimulation in
      normotensive and hypertensive subjects.
AB  - 1. The carotid baroreceptors were stimulated for 2 min by neck suction at -30 and
      -60 mmHg in 19 normotensive subjects and 12 patients with moderate essential
      hypertension. 2. Blood pressure was measured with a mercury sphygmomanometer and
      heart rate was derived from beat-to-beat analysis of the electrocardiogram. Blood
      flow was measured simultaneously at calf and finger with venous occlusion
      plethysmography and the vascular resistance was calculated. 3. During neck
      suction at -30 and -60 mmHg there was a significant decrease in arterial blood
      pressure and heart rate. There was a transient vasodilatation of the calf blood
      vessels, while there was a sustained vasoconstriction of the finger blood
      vessels. These results were qualitatively similar in both groups; however, there
      were quantitative differences. 4. These experiments show that there is a
      selective autonomic control of the different peripheral vascular beds by the
      carotid baroreceptors in both normotension and mild essential hypertension.

PMID- 3690979
TI  - Lithium clearance in man: effects of dietary salt intake, acute changes in
      extracellular fluid volume, amiloride and frusemide.
AB  - 1. The effects of amiloride and frusemide on lithium clearance were studied
      during changes in dietary sodium chloride intake and during infusion of 0.9% NaCl
      in normal human volunteers. 2. Lithium and fractional lithium clearances were
      less on the low than on the high salt diet. Values for the medium salt diet were
      intermediate. Acute extracellular fluid volume expansion with 0.9% NaCl infusion
      and extracellular fluid volume contraction 3-4 h after intravenous frusemide
      caused lithium and fractional lithium clearances to increase and decrease
      respectively. 3. Amiloride caused small changes in lithium and fractional lithium
      clearances on a low salt diet, but was without effect when salt intake was medium
      or high. 4. Increases in lithium clearance occurred immediately after frusemide
      irrespective of dietary salt intake and in subjects infused with 0.9% NaCl. Only
      in salt-depleted subjects did frusemide cause a substantial increase in
      fractional lithium clearance. Changes induced under other circumstances were
      small. 5. It is concluded that the lithium clearance method for assessment of
      proximal tubule salt and water reabsorption can be used with some degree of
      confidence in certain circumstances (medium and high salt intake as well as in
      acute volume expansion) but may not be reliable when dietary salt intake is low.

PMID- 3690980
TI  - Metabolic inactivation of vitamin D is enhanced in primary hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - 1. The elimination half-time of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in plasma was estimated after
      intravenous injection of the radioactively labelled metabolite in seven patients
      with primary hyperparathyroidism before and after excision of a parathyroid
      adenoma. 2. The elimination half-time of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was significantly
      shortened in primary hyperparathyroidism and reverted towards normal after
      parathyroidectomy. 3. The increased metabolic clearance of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in
      primary hyperparathyroidism was accounted for by an increased excretion of
      vitamin D-derived inactivation products in the faeces. 4. Enhanced hepatic
      inactivation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D may be important in the development of
      vitamin D deficiency in primary hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 3690981
TI  - CMS/ERF reaches around the world.

PMID- 3690982
TI  - The present and future of comprehensive outcome measures for rheumatic diseases.
AB  - In recent years, outcome, or health status, measurement has received wide
      attention in rheumatology. These measures are based on the concept of maintaining
      or improving health as the goal of medical care, the World Health Organization
      (WHO) definition of health, and measurement of those factors that directly impact
      the patient rather than the traditional measures of disease process. Within this
      framework, outcomes important to the patient with rheumatic diseases have been
      identified. They have been conceptualized in general terms of physical,
      psychological and social functioning or specifically by dimensions of death,
      disability, discomfort, side effects and economic costs. Two widely used outcome
      measures, the health assessment questionnaire (HAQ) and the arthritis impact
      measurement scales (AIMS), are described. Outcomes are measured by patient self
      reported questionnaires which have been rigorously tested to establish the
      measurement properties of reliability and validity. Results show that patient
      self-report is valid, outcomes are accurately measured, correlate with
      traditional endpoints, and are sensitive to change over time. These measures are
      particularly suited for use in follow-up studies because of their simplicity,
      ease of administration, and cost. Future directions include additional study to
      define clinically meaningful change, extension of validations to many of the
      rheumatic diseases, the design of special purpose questionnaires and the
      development of the cumulative outcome concept.

PMID- 3690984
TI  - A prospective study of early onset rheumatoid arthritis over fifteen years:
      prognostic features and outcome.
AB  - A total of 218 patients with early onset rheumatoid arthritis were entered into a
      prospective study over fifteen years. Of these, 151 remained in the study at
      three years (of whom 14 died), and a further 39 (23 deaths) defaulted after this
      time. The severity of disease was assessed by four different methods. Although
      persistently active joint disease was recorded in 26% of patients, only 13% had
      severe functional impairment, and only 14% developed severe erosions. An episode
      of RA lasting two to three years followed by complete remission with none or
      minimal sequelae ("non recurrent" RA) was present in 34%. Using discriminant
      analysis, which selected rheumatoid factor, haemoglobin level and platelet count
      from a number of clinical and laboratory variables measured at onset, it was
      possible to predict three mutually exclusive outcome categories correctly in 50
      60% of patients depending on the method of assessment of outcome.

PMID- 3690983
TI  - Undifferentiated arthritis and spondylarthropathy as a challenge for prospective
      follow-up.
AB  - Diagnosis of arthritis with recent onset is still an unresolved problem. In 1984
      we started an outpatient clinic for patients with early arthritis of less than
      one year duration. Of a total of 226 patients seen 149 (66%) had definite (n =
      76; 34%) or probable (n = 73; 32%) inflammatory rheumatic disease, and 77 (34%)
      had degenerative or extraarticular rheumatic disease. Thirtynine patients were
      classified as undifferentiated arthritis. This undefined arthritis was often
      monoarticular (12%) and oligoarticuler (44%). One patient met 5 ARA-criteria for
      rheumatoid arthritis, 14 (36%) met 3-4 ARA-criteria and 25 (64%) only 1-2 ARA
      criteria. ESR was elevated in only 23 (59%) patients, rheumatoid factor was
      positive in 7 (19%) patients and HLA-B27 was positive in 9 (23%) patients.
      Seventeen (44%) patients had a history of recent infections preceding the
      beginning of joint symptoms. Thus undifferentiated arthritis represents a
      heterogeneous group of diseases. Despite diagnostic progresses in recent years a
      high proportion of early arthritis cannot be diagnosed definitely.

PMID- 3690985
TI  - Social and emotional problems in early rheumatoid arthritis. 75 patients followed
      up for two years.
AB  - Seventy-five patients with an early RA (disease duration between 2 and 12 months;
      79% female; average age 49 years; 72% with "definite" RA) were followed in a
      prospective study over a period of 2 years. Within this 24 month observation
      period there was a drop in the average diagnostic ARA count from 5.0 to 4.2, in
      the ESR from 48 to 31 mm within the first hour and also in the number of affected
      joints from 13 to 9. Pain intensity and functional capacity showed a slight
      decrease in the average score. Despite a consistent antirheumatic therapy (72% on
      RID's after one year) there was a noticeable increase from 23 to 58% in the
      prevalence of patients with any erosive changes in the X-ray. Within the two
      years of this study one third of the patients employed at the onset had to quit
      their job. The number of patients retired due to RA rose from 0 to 23%. A
      comparison of two groups of patients (employed versus retired) revealed no
      significant differences in the initial examination with one exception: The
      patients eventually retired by the end of the study were significantly older with
      an average age of 51 versus 39 in the group of still employed patients. On the
      other hand, by the end of the study the patients remaining employed for the
      duration of the 2 years were significantly less active and also less severely
      diseased and handicapped. The number of patients with clinically relevant
      depression (BDI) or anxiety (STAI) did not change significantly over the 24 month
      period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3690986
TI  - Longterm results of auranofin therapy.
AB  - The results of longterm therapy with the oral gold preparation auranofin in
      patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were evaluated based on the following
      data: 1) Two multicenter open uncontrolled studies (MTC06) and (162EMUA-RA), 2)
      the reevaluation of these data for the MTC06 study after 4 years from the
      beginning of the study and 3) the results of a postmarketing surveillance program
      (PMSP) of patients on auranofin therapy. The specific rheumatologic documentation
      and information system (IKR inhaltkodierte rheumatologic) serves as the basis of
      the follow-up studies and longterm observations. The first year data on 207
      patients (MTC06) indicating that duration of the disease less than 2 years was
      the only discriminating factor regarding a positive treatment outcome were
      confirmed by the two-year (151 patients). Patients, who responded favourably to
      Auranofin did usually well for the four-year or longer observation period. The
      data base of these two studies and the PMSP failed to outline any new severe or
      threatening side effects. Diarrhea and loose stools were more common at the
      beginning of the treatment. The overall withdrawal for untoward events was 11.2%.
      Patients who did or did not respond to previous DIMARD therapy either on i.m.
      gold, D-Penicillamine or Chloroquine, did usually well when treated with
      Auranofin, even if severe side effects leading to withdrawal had occurred on
      previous therapy. The favourable safety profile was confirmed by the PMSP data.

PMID- 3690987
TI  - The natural history of rheumatoid arthritis over 20 years. Clinical symptoms,
      radiological signs, treatment, mortality and prognostic significance of early
      features.
AB  - A 20 year follow up is reported on 100 patients with definite or classical
      rheumatoid arthritis when they were all initially seen within one year of the
      onset of arthritis. Forty-six patients have died and in 17 death was due to or
      related to RA. Mortality was greater in men than in women and in patients who had
      classical rather than definite RA at one year. Thirty of the surviving 54
      patients have either no or only moderate restriction of physical activity. Those
      who had definite RA at one year are now better as regards functional capacity and
      joint score than those who had classical RA. In general the titre of the Rose
      test has tended to fall and those who have become seronegative have done better
      than those remaining seropositive.

PMID- 3690989
TI  - Marketing of second recombinant growth hormone product challenged.

PMID- 3690988
TI  - Five year follow-up of a prospective cohort of juvenile chronic arthritis with
      recent onset.
AB  - One hundred and fifty children with unsuspected juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA)
      and a disease duration of 3-6 months entered a prospective study. Diagnosis of
      JCA could be verified in 107 patients according to the WHO-EULAR criteria. After
      5.0 +/- 0.9 years 66 of the 107 patients showed no disease activity, 24 of them
      for more than 2 years, 23 for less than 2 years without any drug therapy.
      Nineteen patients were still on NSAIDs and/or long acting drugs, 14 patients with
      unfavourable morphologic outcome (greater than stage II) and 17 patients with
      severe functional impairment (greater than or equal to stage III) all belonged to
      the 41 children with still active disease after 5 years follow-up. The disease
      course was polyarticular in 10 of the 14 patients with severe radiologic changes
      and in 14 of the 17 with unfavourable functional results. The wrist joint proved
      especially vulnerable since 46% of the severe radiologic changes concerned this
      joint. All 4 children with positive rheumatoid factor followed a polyarticular
      course with severe radiologic changes (stage greater than II), 3 of them together
      with unfavourable functional outcome. Risk factors for morphologically and
      functionally unfavourable course are therefore seen in a still active disease
      after 5 years, a polyarticular joint involvement and a positive rheumatoid
      factor. Extra-articular complications concerned chronic iridocyclitis in 7
      patients, acute iridocyclitis in 2, amyloidosis in 1 and growth retardation in 2
      children. -The prospective study is to be continued.

PMID- 3690990
TI  - Lower midazolam dosage recommended for elderly, debilitated patients.

PMID- 3690991
TI  - Study finds association between risk of hip fracture and psychotropic drug use.

PMID- 3690992
TI  - Corticosteroid use by breast-feeding mothers.

PMID- 3690993
TI  - Oral contraceptive use and urinary-tract infections.

PMID- 3690994
TI  - Use of calcium salts during cardiopulmonary resuscitation for reversing verapamil
      associated hypotension.

PMID- 3690995
TI  - Effect of two cimetidine regimens on prothrombin time and warfarin
      pharmacokinetics during long-term warfarin therapy.

PMID- 3690996
TI  - Insect-repellent-induced toxic encephalopathy in a child.

PMID- 3690997
TI  - Immune hemolytic anemia associated with ketoconazole therapy.

PMID- 3690998
TI  - Possible interaction of warfarin and stanozolol.

PMID- 3690999
TI  - Panel cites treatment success as impetus for hemoglobinopathy screening of
      newborns.

PMID- 3691001
TI  - Studies examine costs of treating chlamydial infections.

PMID- 3691000
TI  - FDA revises oral contraceptive labeling.

PMID- 3691002
TI  - PHS study finds strong association between aspirin use and Reye's syndrome.

PMID- 3691003
TI  - Use of lipid emulsions in adult respiratory distress syndrome.

PMID- 3691004
TI  - Digitoxin protein binding in hemodialysis patients and patients with normal renal
      function.

PMID- 3691005
TI  - Vascular spasm during heparin-dihydroergotamine prophylaxis.

PMID- 3691006
TI  - Guidelines on renovascular hypertension and hypertension in diabetes mellitus
      issued.

PMID- 3691007
TI  - Pentobarbital anesthesia for status epilepticus.

PMID- 3691008
TI  - Importance of early administration of thrombolytic therapy for myocardial
      infarction.

PMID- 3691009
TI  - Evaluation of a Bayesian regression-analysis computer program using non-steady
      state phenytoin concentrations.
AB  - The predictive performance of a Bayesian regression-analysis computer program
      that uses non-steady-state phenytoin data was evaluated. Forty patients receiving
      phenytoin or phenytoin sodium who had two or more non-steady-state serum
      concentrations were selected for study. Additional serum concentrations and
      dosing data were collected as they became available, but no effort was made to
      control the number or timing of serum concentration determinations. Patients were
      categorized into four groups for evaluation of the effect of potential
      bioavailability problems and length of dosing history (time over which serum
      concentration-time data were collected) on the ability to predict subsequent
      phenytoin concentrations. Population parameters for phenytoin maximum rate of
      elimination (Vmax), apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (Km), volume of
      distribution (V), and bioavailability (F) were obtained from the literature.
      Predictions based on serum phenytoin concentrations and dosing histories
      (information intervals) of 5 or 10 days were compared with predictions based on
      naive (population-based) estimates using prediction-error analysis. In each
      patient group, the use of either 5-day or 10-day information intervals resulted
      in a significant increase in precision and a significant reduction in bias
      compared with naive estimates. For the group of patients who initially had two or
      more serum concentrations within the first five days of monitoring, predictions
      showed a marked increase in bias and a decrease in precision as the time interval
      from the last measured concentration to the time of prediction
      increased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3691010
TI  - Bioavailability of three oral dosage forms of cisapride, a gastrointestinal
      stimulant agent.
AB  - Relative bioavailability of the investigational gastrointestinal stimulant agent
      cisapride after oral administration was determined in healthy men. Treatments
      administered were (A) two 5-mg tablets; (B) one 10-mg tablet; (C) 10 mL of a 1
      mg/mL suspension; and (D) 10 mL of a 1-mg/mL aqueous reference solution. The
      study had a randomized four-way, crossover design; drug administration was
      followed by a standard breakfast. Plasma cisapride concentrations in blood
      samples drawn over 48 hours were measured by high-performance liquid
      chromatography. Individual and mean values for bioavailability parameters were
      subjected to analysis of variance followed by multiple comparison testing. Time
      to maximum concentration was shortest after administration of the solution. There
      was a significant difference in mean peak plasma concentrations between treatment
      A (48.8 +/- 12.8 ng/mL) and treatment D (41.6 +/- 10.6 ng/mL), with treatment A
      producing a 17.3% higher peak concentration. No significant differences between
      treatments were found for area under the plasma concentration-time curve. The
      overall mean elimination half-life was 7.01 hours. The results of the study
      indicate that the tablet and suspension dosage forms of cisapride are
      bioequivalent to the reference solution.

PMID- 3691011
TI  - Palatability and relative bioavailability of an extemporaneous carbamazepine oral
      suspension.
AB  - The palatability of five flavored and unflavored extemporaneous carbamazepine 20
      mg/mL oral suspensions was tested, and the bioavailability of the unflavored
      suspension relative to that of the tablet used in its manufacture was determined
      in a randomized, crossover study of 12 healthy volunteers. Carbamazepine 400 mg
      was administered with a glass of water as either 20 mL of unflavored oral
      suspension (20 mg/mL) or two 200-mg tablets. Subjects were randomly assigned to
      receive first either the tablets or the suspension in crossover fashion on two
      days separated by at least two weeks. Blood samples were taken just before and at
      various times up to 72 hours after the carbamazepine dose. Serum samples were
      assayed for carbamazepine content by high-performance liquid chromatography. Of
      five flavored and unflavored carbamazepine suspensions tested in eight
      volunteers, the cherry-mint formulation was the least palatable. There was no
      trend in preference among the remaining suspensions (banana, tutti-frutti, grape,
      and unflavored). Mean values of maximum serum concentration and absorption rate
      constant were significantly greater for the unflavored suspension (5.7 mg/L [24
      mumol/L] and 0.832 hr-1, respectively) than for the tablet (4.9 mg/L [20.8
      mumol/L] and 0.266 hr-1, respectively). The mean time to maximum concentration
      was significantly shorter after suspension administration (3.87 hours) than after
      tablet administration (11.8 hours). There was no significant difference in the
      extent of absorption of the tablet and suspension formulation as reflected by the
      corrected values of the area under the serum concentration-versus-time curves.
      The mean (+/- S.D.) bioavailability of the suspension relative to the tablet was
      94.46% +/- 20.42 (range 76.35-132.72%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3691012
TI  - Use of oral opiates and diet modification as an alternative to surgical colostomy
      after complex anorectal procedures.

PMID- 3691013
TI  - Routine monitoring of serum vancomycin concentrations: waiting for proof of its
      value.

PMID- 3691014
TI  - Routine monitoring of serum vancomycin concentrations: can waiting be justified?

PMID- 3691015
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of viral infections.

PMID- 3691016
TI  - On the autonomy of language and gesture: evidence from the acquisition of
      personal pronouns in American Sign Language.

PMID- 3691017
TI  - The nature of normality, the deviance of dyslexia and the recognition of rhyme: a
      reply to Bryant and Impey (1986).

PMID- 3691018
TI  - Formal schooling and task familiarity: a reply to Morais et al.

PMID- 3691019
TI  - Interpreting data from illiterates: reply to Koopmans.

PMID- 3691020
TI  - The relationship of cognition and affect in the orientation process.

PMID- 3691021
TI  - Perceiving the logical status of sentences.

PMID- 3691022
TI  - Varieties of developmental dyslexia: a comment on Bryant and Impey.

PMID- 3691023
TI  - Repetition blindness: type recognition without token individuation.

PMID- 3691024
TI  - The categorical representation of visual pattern information by young infants.

PMID- 3691025
TI  - Saying what you mean in dialogue: a study in conceptual and semantic co
      ordination.

PMID- 3691026
TI  - Sentence processing and the mental representation of verbs.

PMID- 3691027
TI  - Spontaneous speech in senile dementia and aphasia: implications for a
      neurolinguistic model of language production.

PMID- 3691028
TI  - Why do we blame the mirror for reversing left and right?

PMID- 3691029
TI  - On not having a theory of mind.

PMID- 3691030
TI  - Metarepresentation and autism: how not to lose one's marbles.

PMID- 3691031
TI  - Susceptibility of relatively penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae to
      newer cephalosporin antibiotics.
AB  - Antimicrobial susceptibilities were performed at the Centers for Disease Control
      on 3400 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates that were collected during a national
      survey of serotype-distribution of pneumococci found in normally sterile body
      fluids. The results showed 126 isolates (3.7%) to be relatively resistant to
      penicillin (RPR). The RPR strains were tested for susceptibility to cefuroxime,
      ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefamandole, cefaclor, ceftazidime, and moxalactam.
      These newer generation cephalosporin drugs were tested either because of their
      ability to penetrate into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or for their activity
      against pneumococci. Three hundred ninety-one pneumococci were tested with 179
      resistant to at least one antimicrobial. The RPR strains were not categorically
      resistant to the cephalosporins but were fourfold more resistant to them than
      were the penicillin-susceptible strains. The three most effective antimicrobials
      in the study for RPR were cefuroxime, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone [corrected].
      Each gave MICs that were attainable in CSF for RPR. Fifty percent of the RPR were
      inhibited by 0.06 mg/ml and 90% by 0.25 micrograms/ml of these antimicrobials.
      The least effective were cefaclor, moxalactam, and ceftazidime.

PMID- 3691032
TI  - Development of a comparative dot ELISA for the detection of antibodies in
      blastomycosis.
AB  - We present a preliminary study utilizing an enzyme immunoassay for the detection
      of antibodies in blastomycosis using nitrocellulose membrane as the solid
      support. The comparative dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CDE) utilizing
      Blastomyces dermatitidis, Histoplasma capsulatum, and Coccidioides immitis
      antigens allows rapid screening of specimens and determination of a serum profile
      with respect to anti-Blastomyces antibodies. Sensitivity (76% or greater) and
      specificity (approximately 12% crossreactivity) determinations indicated that
      this visual assay may be an alternative antibody detection method for
      blastomycosis or other systemic fungal diseases.

PMID- 3691033
TI  - Improved enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of orbivirus
      antigens by treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate.
AB  - Several methods have been developed for treating antigens, that reduce background
      or inactivate virus utilizing toxic reagents for the enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay (ELISA). In this study, orbivirus infected BHK-2 1 cells were treated with
      SDS for increased sensitivity in antigen detection by ELISA. The sensitivity of
      1.0% SDS treated material increased eightfold.

PMID- 3691034
TI  - Rotavirus gastroenteritis in southern California.
AB  - The epidemiology of rotavirus infections in Southern California was analyzed over
      a three year period, from January 1, 1981 through December 31, 1983. Data was
      available from patients seen at the University of California Irvine Medical
      Center (UCIMC), in addition to referral testing provided to the community in
      Orange County. Over the 3 yr period the laboratory performed 1172 rotavirus
      assays. Out of these, 345 were positive for an overall positive rate of 29.4%.
      The 643 stool specimens from UCIMC corresponded to 508 patients, of which 31.1%
      (158/508) were positive for rotavirus. The majority of patients with a positive
      rotavirus test were under 1 yr of age (117/158), with only ten cases found in the
      2-15 yr old group. The distribution of the positive rotavirus tests was similar
      for the female and male population. Approximately 70% of the positive results
      occur during October through December, with the month of November having the
      highest incidence. The distribution of positive rotavirus tests did not appear to
      correlate with either the coldest or the driest month of the year in Southern
      California.

PMID- 3691035
TI  - Pneumococcal antigens in sputa: ELISA for the detection of pneumococcal C
      polysaccharide in sputa from pneumonia patients.
AB  - An improved ELISA, the LKB UltroBact Pneumococcus Kit detecting pneumococcal C
      polysaccharide, has been tested. Sputum samples from 72 patients with community
      acquired pneumonia were included in the study. The sensitivity obtained was 96.1%
      and the specificity 92.6%. This ELISA might offer a useful diagnostic method in
      major clinical microbiologic laboratories for demonstrating Streptococcus
      pneumonia in sputa from patients with pneumonia.

PMID- 3691036
TI  - Antimicrobial activity of coumermycin and recommendations for disk diffusion
      tests with 5- and 15-micrograms disks.
AB  - Coumermycin was found to be extremely active against methicillin-susceptible and 
      resistant Staphylococcus spp. (MIC 90, less than or equal to 0.002 microgram/ml).
      Vancomycin and coumermycin were equally active against Streptococcus spp. (MIC
      90s, 0.5 microgram/ml) and both were superior to fusidic acid (MIC 90, 8.0
      micrograms/ml). The enterococci had the highest MICs for all three drugs. Disk
      diffusion susceptibility tests using either 5 or 15 micrograms coumermycin disks
      seem reliable. The tentative interpretive breakpoints for testing the
      Staphylococcus spp. only are: 5 micrograms disk-susceptible greater than or equal
      to 17 and resistant less than or equal to 13 mm; 15 micrograms disk-susceptible
      greater than or equal to 20 mm and resistant less than or equal to 16 mm. These
      zone criteria have approximate coumermycin MIC correlates of less than or equal
      to 0.12 microgram/ml for susceptible and greater than or equal to 0.5
      microgram/ml for resistant.

PMID- 3691037
TI  - Interaction of cartilage collagens with heparin.
AB  - Type XI collagen (1 alpha 2 alpha 3 alpha) extracted from bovine articular
      cartilage by pepsin digestion binds strongly to heparin immobilized on agarose.
      The collagens from cartilage will bind to heparin-agarose in 0.1 M NaCl/2 M
      urea/0.01 M Tris-HCl and can be eluted with a linear gradient of NaCl. Type XI
      begins to elute at NaCl concentrations higher than 0.28 M and is totally eluted
      at 0.40 M NaCl. The peak of elution occurs at 0.37 M NaCl. The other collagens of
      cartilage bind more weakly and are fully eluted when the NaCl concentration
      reaches 0.25 M. Collagen types I, III, and V are also bound to the column at low
      salt concentrations but are fully eluted before type XI begins to elute. All of
      the type XI preparation binds to heparin-agarose, suggesting that there is at
      least one binding site per molecule. Denatured 1 alpha and 2 alpha chains bind
      strongly, suggesting that at least one binding site exists on both of these
      chains. These data confirm that the interaction between polyanions and type XI
      collagen is stronger than that with other known collagens and provide a method
      for purification of type XI without any type II contamination.

PMID- 3691038
TI  - Methods of evaluating community health services at local level: possible
      applications of routinely collected data.

PMID- 3691039
TI  - Measuring the success of new facilities: an evaluation of new facilities for
      children with cancer.

PMID- 3691040
TI  - A discussion paper on outcomes for a non-teaching district.

PMID- 3691041
TI  - Screening hospital patients for uterine cervical cancer: seven years' experience.

PMID- 3691042
TI  - Community-based incontinence services in a health authority.

PMID- 3691044
TI  - Communicable disease report April to June 1987. From the PHLS Communicable
      Disease Surveillance Centre.

PMID- 3691043
TI  - An outbreak of S. indiana in a maternity unit: implications for control policies.

PMID- 3691045
TI  - Family planning in aboriginal communities.

PMID- 3691046
TI  - Women's perceptions of female general practitioners.

PMID- 3691047
TI  - Age trends in Pap smear usage, 1971-1986.

PMID- 3691048
TI  - The social distribution of intravenous drug use in Melbourne: clues from a survey
      of pharmacists.

PMID- 3691049
TI  - Trends in exercise prevalence in Australia.

PMID- 3691050
TI  - Asthma hospitalisation in relation to sulphur dioxide atmospheric contamination
      in the Kwinana industrial area of Western Australia.

PMID- 3691051
TI  - Smoking in the workplace: theoretical and practical considerations.

PMID- 3691052
TI  - Limitations of telephone based selection and interview procedures.

PMID- 3691053
TI  - The first conference of the Public Health Association of Australia and New
      Zealand: "Just health". Sydney, 24-27 August 1987. Abstracts.

PMID- 3691054
TI  - Public Health Association of Australia and New Zealand and Cancer Society/PHA
      workshop on cancer early detection. New Zealand conference 1987. Christchurch, 27
      29 May 1987. Abstracts.

PMID- 3691055
TI  - Consorting among juvenile Midas cichlids (Cichlasoma citrinellum) in relation to
      own and to parents' color.
AB  - Adults of the Midas cichlid, Cichlasoma citrinellum, are either normal (N)
      colored or gold (G); they mate assortatively by color, and that choice is
      influenced by prior experience with their parents. Three groups of N and two
      groups of G juveniles were reared by parents which were either N or G. After some
      months of separation from their parents, the juveniles were tested to ascertain
      whether the color of their parents or of their cohorts affected their affiliative
      responses; they were given a choice between four G and four N juveniles. There
      was no demonstrable effect of either their parents' or their own color. All
      groups spent more time with N than with G and directed more behavior toward N.
      The subjects differed only in that they attacked more (at a higher rate) at N and
      spread their fins more (at a higher rate) at G, consistent with findings in
      earlier studies of the effect of gold color on dominance relationships. Thus mate
      choice does not result from continuous associations during development.

PMID- 3691056
TI  - "Resource" exchange in the biparental California mouse (Peromyscus californicus):
      water transfer from pups to parents.
AB  - Mammalian mothers provide water to their young via milk. Rodent mothers reclaim
      much of this water by licking the anogenital areas of their pups, stimulating
      reflexive urination, and consuming the pups' urine. Male rodents do not provide
      milk (hence water) to the young, but in some species male parents may
      nevertheless lick their pups. We determined the amount of water transfer from
      pups to mothers and fathers in the biparental California mouse, Peromyscus
      californicus, by injecting 5-, 10-, 20-, and 30-day-old pups with tritiated water
      and measuring the radioactive label in maternal and paternal plasma after 24 hr
      of interaction with their litter. On Days 5 and 10 mothers obtained more pup
      urine than did fathers. Parents consumed equivalent amounts of pup urine on Days
      20 and 30. Mothers engaged in more pup anogenital licking than did fathers, which
      accounted for the difference in pup urine consumption. Salt appetite controls in
      part, pup anogenital licking in lactating rats (Gubernick & Alberts, 1983). Salt
      appetite was not implicated in the modulation of anogenital licking in the
      California mouse because the mice failed to display a salt appetite. Licking of
      young and urine consumption are not dependent solely on the bidirectional
      exchange of water between the dam and her offspring.

PMID- 3691057
TI  - Male-female interactions across the female estrous cycle: a comparison of two
      species of dwarf hamster (Phodopus campbelli and Phodopus sungorus).
AB  - Recent studies in our laboratory have suggested that monogamy may be the
      preferred mating system in the Djungarian hamster (Phodopus campbelli), whereas
      the available evidence for the closely related Siberian hamster (P. sungorus)
      does not show the same pattern. Here we examine the behavior of male-female dyads
      of both species interacting during 1-hr tests in large, familiar habitats
      containing defensible nest boxes, food, and water. Levels of aggression within
      pairs were low, compared with those seen during brief intrasexual encounters,
      whereas affiliative behaviors, such as sniffs, were high. P. campbelli scent
      marked more than twice as frequently as P. sungorus. Females of both species
      scent marked at a constant rate irrespective of their location in the habitat,
      whereas males scent marked at a higher rate in the female's home area. Two major
      features of the copulatory pattern differed between the two species: (a) The
      duration of the ejaculatory lock was five times longer in P. sungorus than in P.
      campbelli. (b) Both species had approximately the same number of mounts in each
      ejaculatory series, but the intromission/mount ratio was significantly higher in
      P. sungorus.

PMID- 3691058
TI  - Baboon (Papio hamadryas) visual preferences for regions of the face.
AB  - Preferences for regions of the face were examined in four members of a hamadryas
      baboon (Papio hamadryas) group. Subjects were presented a series of photographic
      slides displaying various facial regions and combinations of regions of the
      dominant male in the group with the use of the method of paired comparison. An
      apparatus consisting of a two-slide screen/two-push-button arrangement permitted
      the baboons to control slide selection and viewing duration. Both duration and
      frequency of slide activation were recorded. Correlations of viewing durations
      among all subjects were significant (p less than or equal to .05). The eye region
      alone and in combination with other regions received significantly more attention
      than did all other regions or combinations. Frequency measures were not
      significant. The results support findings obtained with rhesus monkeys (Macaca
      mulatta) and suggest that the eye region may provide a primate with an important
      source of information, possibly information about intent.

PMID- 3691059
TI  - Modes of perceiving and processing information in birdsong (Agelaius phoeniceus,
      Molothrus ater, and Homo sapiens).
AB  - In a previous study I examined the abilities of red-winged blackbirds and brown
      headed cowbirds trained with a go-right/go-left procedure to identify conspecific
      and alien song themes (Sinnott, 1980). Results showed that each bird species
      exhibited superior identification of conspecific final "trill" or "whistle"
      elements, relative to the alien species. The present study extends these results
      by examining human perception of these same song stimuli, by examining the
      effects of tutoring birds with alien final song elements, and by using latency
      analyses to investigate processing modes that are not apparent from analyses of
      percent-correct scores. Results suggest three different processing modes: First,
      humans attend primarily to the final song elements. Second, birds identifying
      alien songs attend primarily to the introductory elements and disregard
      information in the final elements. Third, birds identifying conspecific songs
      process both the initial and final elements, but their response latencies
      indicate that they direct their attention primarily to the initial elements and
      process the final elements without investing more time than do the alien birds
      that fixate on the initial elements. Conspecific special processing is discussed
      in relation to various psychophysical, ethological, and psycholinguistic
      frameworks. Human perception of birdsong is discussed in relation to backward
      recognition masking.

PMID- 3691060
TI  - Perceptual organization of acoustic stimuli by budgerigars (Melopsittacus
      undulatus): II. Vocal signals.
AB  - Operant conditioning and multidimensional scaling procedures were used to study
      auditory perception of complex sounds in the budgerigar. In a same-different
      discrimination task, budgerigars learned to discriminate among natural vocal
      signals. Multidimensional scaling procedures were used to arrange these complex
      acoustic stimuli in a two-dimensional space reflecting perceptual organization.
      Results show that budgerigars group vocal stimuli according to functional and
      acoustical categories. Studies with only contact calls show that birds also make
      within-category discriminations. The acoustic cues in contact calls most salient
      to budgerigars appear to be quite complex. There is a suggestion that the sex of
      the signaler may also be encoded in these calls. The results from budgerigars
      were compared with the results from humans tested on some of the same sets of
      complex sounds.

PMID- 3691061
TI  - Effects of the nonagouti pelage-color allele on the behavior of captive wild
      Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus).
AB  - The objective of the present study was to determine the extent to which the
      nonagouti pelage-color allele influences selected behaviors (including docility)
      of the wild Norway rat. Agouti and nonagouti (black) littermates were compared in
      tests for handling, open-field behavior, platform jumping, and response to a
      novel food item, all of which clearly differentiate wild and domestic rats.
      Nonagouti rats were significantly easier to approach, capture, and handle than
      their agouti sibs. However, differences between agouti and nonagouti rats for the
      other variables studied were not significant. Although the presence of the
      nonagouti allele cannot fully account for the behavioral differences between wild
      and domestic Norway rats, it may have facilitated the domestication of this
      species by improving ease of handling.

PMID- 3691062
TI  - Studies of instrumental behavior with sexual reinforcement in male rats (Rattus
      norvegicus): I. Control by brief visual stimuli paired with a receptive female.
AB  - We describe a novel procedure for measuring instrumental sexual behavior in the
      male rat by using a second-order schedule of presentation of sexual
      reinforcement, an estrous female. Experimental assessment and validation of the
      paradigm have been achieved by examining (a) the importance of the conditioned
      stimulus in maintaining instrumental responding by measuring the effects of its
      omission during a test session, (b) the effects and motivational specificity on
      instrumental behavior of the postejaculatory refractory period (a period of
      sexual unarousability) and of satiety for food by measuring the impact of each
      manipulation on animals working for food and for a female, (c) the effects of
      replacing an estrous female with an anestrous one as the earned reward, and (d)
      the correlations between conditioned and unconditioned measures of sexual
      behavior. We conclude that the second-order paradigm provides a means of
      distinguishing between the effects of neuroendocrine manipulations on incentive
      motivational and performance variables underlying the expression of sexual
      behavior.

PMID- 3691063
TI  - Studies of instrumental behavior with sexual reinforcement in male rats (Rattus
      norvegicus): II. Effects of preoptic area lesions, castration, and testosterone.
AB  - We studied effects of lesions to the medial preoptic area (POA), castration, and
      testosterone replacement on instrumental and unconditioned sexual behavior in
      male rats. We achieved instrumental measures of sexual motivation by training
      males to work for an estrous female, presented in an operant chamber under a
      second-order schedule of reinforcement. POA lesions abolished mounts,
      intromissions, and ejaculation but did not disrupt instrumental responses,
      investigation of the female, or abortive mounting attempts. Castration abolished
      attempts to copulate and also caused a marked decrease in instrumental responses.
      Testosterone resulted in the prompt reinstatement of instrumental responses and
      more gradual recovery of unconditioned sexual behavior. We discuss these results
      in terms of the motivational and performance effects of these neuroendocrine
      manipulations.

PMID- 3691064
TI  - Mathematical separation of multi-component exponential signals from the u.v.
      laser excitation of glycogen phosphorylase b.
AB  - Laser excitation of the vitamin B6 cofactor of the glycogen phosphorylase enzyme
      produces a transient absorbance signal at 470 nm. Martin et al. proposed four
      exponential decays for this complex signal. One component with the largest
      amplitude and a decay rate constant in the region of 150,000 s-1 results from an
      excited singlet state, and three successive decays of smaller amplitude with the
      rate constants in the regions of 700,000 s-1, 30,000 s-1, and 6000 s-1 result
      from a triplet state. These results were determined through nonlinear least
      squares regression and residual analyses, with some knowledge of the possible
      photochemistry of the cofactor by itself. The Fourier transform method, which
      requires no initial estimates of the parameters or of the number of decays, was
      selected for further analysis of the data. The results of the Gardner and
      differential approaches to the method confirm that the predicted four exponential
      components are in the signal and that the values of the decay rate constants
      agree with those from the nonlinear regression analysis. These results, presented
      here, help to demonstrate protein changes at the active site of enzyme catalysis.

PMID- 3691065
TI  - The use of LOTUS 1-2-3 in statistics.
AB  - This paper describes a convenient way of performing statistical tests in biology.
      The recent development of powerful spreadsheet programs for microcomputers has
      made it possible to easily apply various statistical significance tests on
      biological data. Presently the following tests have been implemented in the LOTUS
      1-2-3 framework: Student's t-test, chi-square test, analysis of variance (single
      classification random ANOVA), Student-Neumann-Kuels test, correlation analysis
      and analysis of linear regression (single and multilevel design). The most
      important advantages gained by using 1-2-3 instead of the commercial statistical
      software packages are the simplicity of entering data, the possibility of asking
      "what-if?" questions, the simple, but useful graphical presentation of data and
      the ease of actual building of the tests.

PMID- 3691066
TI  - External quality assessment data analysis by microcomputer.
AB  - Microcomputers are now widely used in clinical laboratories because of their low
      price and the availability of a wide variety of software that can be adapted to
      the users' requirements. The continuously increasing numbers of patients, tests
      and the use of automation are additional factors which emphasize the need for
      computers. A microcomputer software that meets the exact requirements of the
      Quality Control Unit was developed to evaluate laboratories participating in the
      Kuwait National Bacteriological Quality Assessment Scheme.

PMID- 3691067
TI  - Estimation of the distribution profile of airway resistance in the lungs.
AB  - The distribution profile of resistance in a series lung model consisting of
      airways of 23 generations with alveoli was estimated in 10 healthy subjects and 7
      subjects with chronic pulmonary emphysema. Forced oscillation was applied to the
      subjects at the mouth using a complex wave composed of sine waves at frequencies
      through the range 4 to 20 Hz in 1-Hz steps. The pleural pressure was measured
      with a catheter-tip micromanometer, which was installed in an esophageal balloon.
      The frequency dependency of the pulmonary impedance was analyzed using a penalty
      function method, and a stable estimate of the distribution profile of resistance
      in the lungs was thus obtained. The central airway resistance (defined as the
      resistance from generation 0 to generation 7) was estimated as 1.18 +/- 0.37 cm
      H2O/liter/sec in the healthy subjects and 1.03 +/- 1.13 cm H2O/liter/sec in the
      subjects with chronic pulmonary emphysema. The peripheral airway resistance
      (defined as the resistance from generation 8 to generation 23) was estimated as
      0.06 +/- 0.03 cm H2O/liter/sec in the healthy subjects and 6.38 +/- 3.77 cm
      H2O/liter/sec in the subjects with chronic pulmonary emphysema.

PMID- 3691068
TI  - A model-based approach to QRS delineation.
AB  - QRS delineation is considered to be a problem of finding changes in the spectral
      behavior of an ECG. Based on statistical models for the "low-frequency" and "high
      frequency" segments of the ECG, the points for QRS onset and end are obtained
      from a maximum-likelihood procedure. This procedure is based on the properties of
      the prediction errors obtained from two different Kalman filters. The accuracy of
      the delineation scheme is studied on a QRS complex material in terms of agreement
      with manually obtained delineations. The material was independently delineated by
      three different readers. The sensitivity to noise is studied by adding white
      noise to the QRS complexes. The performance is compared to those of envelope
      based delineation and template waveform delineation.

PMID- 3691069
TI  - Studies of frequently recurring substructures in human alpha-like globin mRNA
      precursors.
AB  - In general, the results obtained from secondary structure prediction algorithms
      are often inconsistent with those obtained experimentally. The reason for this
      disagreement is that the experimentally determined structures have higher free
      energies (as judged by the currently used "energy rules") than the predicted
      ones. To overcome this limitation we have developed a new approach which
      incorporates the frequencies of occurrence of substructures in the growing mRNA
      chain. This has been accomplished by simulating the folding process of pre-mRNAs.
      Using this approach we have significantly improved current helical structural
      prediction for 142 analyzed tRNAs and 16 S rRNA. We have next applied this method
      to the human alpha-like globins. Comparison of the structures obtained by running
      the currently used algorithms with those computed by the new method indicates
      that the final most stable secondary structure contains some infrequently
      occurring substructures. In addition, some of the frequently recurring
      substructures are not included in the final structure. Comparison of the
      simulated folding processes of the human alpha-like globin pre-mRNAs reveals some
      conserved helices and hairpin loop structures in those frequently recurring
      substructures. Among these several compensating base changes (transitions and
      transversions) have been identified.

PMID- 3691070
TI  - Three-dimensional reconstruction of biological objects using a graphics engine.
AB  - A common problem in the study of biological material is the determination of
      three-dimensional structure from serial sections. The large number of sections
      required to obtain sufficient internal detail of a structure results in enormous
      processing requirements. These requirements can now be satisfied by current
      graphics engine technology in combination with image-digitizing hardware. The
      previously onerous tasks of manipulating and displaying 3D objects become routine
      with this combination of technologies. We report a computer-assisted
      reconstruction system on a graphics engine-based workstation. The system accepts
      images from any video source and includes a utility for aligning adjacent video
      images. Also available is an editor for geometric object entry and editing. More
      novel in our approach is the use of video interiors in 3D displays in addition to
      contours and tiled surfaces. Video interiors is a form of display in which
      digitized pixels interior to objects are revealed by cutaway blocks.

PMID- 3691071
TI  - Flashbacks and posttraumatic stress symptoms in combat veterans.

PMID- 3691072
TI  - The diagnostic Interview for Personality Disorders: interrater and test-retest
      reliability.

PMID- 3691073
TI  - Agoraphobia with panic attacks: 1-year prospective follow-up.

PMID- 3691074
TI  - An assessment of social skills deficiencies in depression.

PMID- 3691075
TI  - Further evidence for heterogeneity in antisocial alcoholics.

PMID- 3691076
TI  - Neuropsychological functioning in alcoholics: psychiatric comorbidity, drinking
      history, and demographic characteristics.

PMID- 3691077
TI  - Long-term follow-up of borderline patients in a general hospital.

PMID- 3691078
TI  - Age of onset in bipolar and unipolar illness with and without delusions or
      hallucinations.

PMID- 3691079
TI  - Freebase psychosis: cases from a Bahamian epidemic of cocaine abuse.

PMID- 3691080
TI  - Medication: a topical issue.

PMID- 3691082
TI  - 'I just exist'.

PMID- 3691081
TI  - Ganging up against glue.

PMID- 3691083
TI  - Wound care: a positive approach.

PMID- 3691084
TI  - Nutrition: an acquired taste.

PMID- 3691085
TI  - Welfare benefits: cold comfort.

PMID- 3691086
TI  - Health visiting: theory on trial.

PMID- 3691087
TI  - Infection control. Domestic hazards.

PMID- 3691088
TI  - Endometriosis. International Symposium on Endometriosis, Clermont-Ferrand,
      November 19-21, 1986.

PMID- 3691089
TI  - Hysterographic images of genital endometriosis.

PMID- 3691090
TI  - Endometriosis: mechanical factors of infertility.

PMID- 3691091
TI  - Physiopathology of the proximal tubal lesions.

PMID- 3691092
TI  - PAS-stained macrophages in peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis.

PMID- 3691093
TI  - Receptors--rationales of steroid therapy for pelvic endometriosis.

PMID- 3691094
TI  - Digestive endometriosis: results of a multicenter investigation.

PMID- 3691095
TI  - Danazol-induced pseudomenopause in the management of endometriosis.

PMID- 3691097
TI  - Oestradiol and testosterone implants after hysterectomy for endometriosis.

PMID- 3691098
TI  - General rules for surgery in the treatment of endometriosis.

PMID- 3691096
TI  - Endometriosis therapy with gestrinone by oral, vaginal or parenteral
      administration.

PMID- 3691099
TI  - Microsurgery for endometriosis.

PMID- 3691101
TI  - Endometriosis and IVF: indications.

PMID- 3691100
TI  - Intra-abdominal conservative surgical treatment for endometriosis by CO2 laser.

PMID- 3691102
TI  - Results of in vitro fertilization for endometriosis.

PMID- 3691103
TI  - Severe endometriosis.

PMID- 3691104
TI  - A male factor in endometriosis. Correlation between endometriosis and
      asymptomatic bacteriospermia in male partners: a noninvasive infertility
      treatment.

PMID- 3691105
TI  - Endometriosis 1986--future research.

PMID- 3691106
TI  - Peritoneal fluid prostaglandins in patients with endometriosis.

PMID- 3691107
TI  - Classification of endometriosis.

PMID- 3691108
TI  - Pathology of endometriosis.

PMID- 3691109
TI  - Microelectronic features of endometriotic implants.

PMID- 3691110
TI  - Pathogenesis and treatment of nephrolithiasis. 3rd International Symposium on
      Recent Advances and Treatment of Nephrolithiasis. Turin, March 21-22, 1986.

PMID- 3691111
TI  - Comparison of epidemiological data between uric acid and calcium oxalate stone
      formers in the south of Portugal.

PMID- 3691112
TI  - Altered calcium handling in idiopathic hypercalciuria.

PMID- 3691113
TI  - Evidence for a reduced urinary magnesium/creatinine ratio in patients with
      calcium urolithiasis.

PMID- 3691114
TI  - Magnesium excretion in recurrent calcium urolithiasis. Evaluation of 46
      hypercalciuric patients.

PMID- 3691115
TI  - Tubular dysfunction in nephrolithiasis: a consequence of the stone.

PMID- 3691116
TI  - Concerning the pathogenesis of idiopathic hypercalciuria.

PMID- 3691117
TI  - Increased plasma concentrations of total and free 1,25-(OH)2D3 in calcium stone
      formers with idiopathic hypercalciuria.

PMID- 3691118
TI  - Hyperphosphaturia associated with hypercalciuria in renal calcium stone patients.

PMID- 3691119
TI  - Age and sex as factors in oxalic acid excretion in healthy persons and calcium
      oxalate stone patients.

PMID- 3691120
TI  - Medical treatment of idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis.

PMID- 3691121
TI  - Do indomethacin, thiazide, pyridoxine or allopurinol prevent calcium oxalate
      stones?

PMID- 3691122
TI  - Are calcium antagonists potential antilithiasic drugs?

PMID- 3691123
TI  - The effect of fenquizone on the urinary inhibitors of calcium oxalate
      urolithiasis.

PMID- 3691124
TI  - Long-term urinary acidification in phosphatic urolithiasis.

PMID- 3691125
TI  - Primary hyperoxaluria: effect of treatment with vitamin B6 and shock waves.

PMID- 3691126
TI  - Urease inhibition in the treatment of infected renal stones: propionohydroxamic
      acid.

PMID- 3691127
TI  - Propionhydroxamic acid in the management of struvite urinary stones.

PMID- 3691128
TI  - Physicochemical changes of urine environment on propionhydroxamic acid therapy.

PMID- 3691129
TI  - Urinary composition in normal men on usual diet and life-style. A study of 30
      consecutive days.

PMID- 3691130
TI  - Propionohydroxamic acid in the treatment of urease-induced calculi. Six months
      follow-up of 19 patients.

PMID- 3691131
TI  - Tolerance and side effects of propionhydroxamic acid.

PMID- 3691132
TI  - Propionhydroxamic acid for the prophylaxis of recurrences of infection-induced
      renal stones.

PMID- 3691133
TI  - The value of propionhydroxamic acid in the prevention and therapy of infection
      induced stones.

PMID- 3691134
TI  - Low-dose propionhydroxamic acid therapy in infection-induced stones.

PMID- 3691135
TI  - Infectious nephrolithiasis: results of treatment with methenamine mandelate.

PMID- 3691136
TI  - Endoscopic and extracorporeal lithotripsy: the Italian experience in a
      polycentric survey.

PMID- 3691137
TI  - Intercostal or multiple access in percutaneous lithotripsy.

PMID- 3691138
TI  - Indications and limits of percutaneous nephrolithotripsy and extracorporeal shock
      wave lithotripsy combined treatment.

PMID- 3691139
TI  - The role of ESWL in the treatment of radiolucent or scarcely radiopaque renal
      stones.

PMID- 3691140
TI  - The percutaneous treatment of the cast, branched and staghorn renal stones.

PMID- 3691141
TI  - Cystine lithiasis: combined extracorporeal and litholytic treatment.

PMID- 3691142
TI  - Non-invasive treatment of renal and ureteral lithiasis: relationship with the
      site and nature of the stone.

PMID- 3691143
TI  - Recurrence and family history of renal stone disease.

PMID- 3691145
TI  - Urinary citrate in recurrent stone-forming patients.

PMID- 3691144
TI  - Patterns of citrate excretion in healthy subjects and patients with idiopathic
      stone disease.

PMID- 3691146
TI  - Calcium nephrolithiasis and renal tubular hypouricemia.

PMID- 3691147
TI  - In vitro system for calcium stone formation: the constant composition model.

PMID- 3691148
TI  - Crystallization in gel matrices: a new experimental model of calcium stone
      formation.

PMID- 3691149
TI  - Effect of inhibitors on the crystal growth of calcium oxalate.

PMID- 3691150
TI  - Low inhibition of crystal agglomeration and citrate excretion in recurrent
      calcium oxalate stone formers.

PMID- 3691151
TI  - A study of crystalluria in calcium oxalate stone patients treated with thiazides.

PMID- 3691152
TI  - Renal excretion of calcium, oxalate and magnesium between 3 and 16 years: the
      value of overnight urine. The Cimitile Study.

PMID- 3691153
TI  - Indices of lithogenic activity in patients with primitive calcium oxalate
      urolithiasis.

PMID- 3691154
TI  - Enzymatic and ion chromatographic measurement of urinary oxalate. A method
      comparison study.

PMID- 3691155
TI  - New in vitro methodological approaches to GAG study in idiopathic calcium
      lithiasis.

PMID- 3691156
TI  - Excimer laser experimental keratectomy. Ultrastructural study.
AB  - Excimer lasers have been shown to produce precise etching and clean incisions of
      the cornea. On two freshly enucleated human eyes radial incisions and a myopic
      keratomileusis were performed with a specially designed delivery system. The
      cornea was then studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The
      surface of the irradiated area was extraordinarily smooth and clean with a
      precision greater than 10 nm. The epithelial cells were literally cleaved by the
      ablation process. The cytoplasm and the nucleus were cut without any damage to
      the other part of the cell and no disturbance of the cells proximal to the
      incision. The corneal stroma was cut in a regular and smooth fashion, and the
      aspects observed with the scanning electron microscope differed mainly from the
      surface observed after an incision made with a diamond knife. The excimer laser
      allowed optimal conditions for quick and safe wound healing but the long-term
      effects on the epithelial cells must be evaluated by further studies.

PMID- 3691157
TI  - Multispectral magnetic resonance image analysis.
AB  - Multiecho magnetic resonance (MR) scanning produces tomographic images with
      approximately equal morphologic information but varying gray scales at the same
      anatomic level. Multispectral image classification techniques, originally
      developed for satellite imaging, have recently been applied to MR tissue
      characterization. Statistical assessment of multispectral tissue classification
      techniques has been used to select the most promising of several alternative
      methods. MR examinations of the head and body, obtained with a 0.35, 0.5, or 1.5T
      imager, comprised data sets with at least two pulse sequences yielding three
      images at each anatomical level: (1) TR = 0.3 sec, TE = 30 msec, (2) TR = 1.5, TE
      = 30, (3) TR = 1.5, TE = 120. Normal and pathological images have been analyzed
      using multispectral analysis and image classification. MR image data are first
      subjected to radiometric and geometric corrections to reduce error resulting from
      (1) instrumental variations in data acquisition, (2) image noise, and (3)
      misregistration. Training regions of interest (ROI) are outlined in areas of
      normal (gray and white matter, CSF) and pathological tissue. Statistics are
      extracted from these ROIs and classification maps generated using table lookup,
      minimum distance to means, maximum likelihood, and cluster analysis. These
      synthetic maps are then compared pixel by pixel with manually prepared
      classification maps of the same MR images. Using these methods, the authors have
      found that: (1) both supervised and unsupervised classification techniques
      yielded theme maps (class maps) which demonstrated tissue characteristic
      signatures and (2) tissue classification errors found in computer-generated theme
      maps were due to subtle gray scale changes present in the original MR data sets
      arising from radiometric inhomogeneity and spatial nonuniformity.

PMID- 3691158
TI  - Frequency analysis of gut EMG.
AB  - The EMG of the gut smooth muscle plays an important role in the regulation of
      gastrointestinal motility in health and disease. The EMG in general consists of
      an omnipresent oscillatory electrical control activity (ECA) and spikes or other
      potentials that result in contractions of the smooth muscle. This paper addresses
      the question of how the ECA signals can best be processed and how inappropriate
      transformations of such signals may produce misleading results. The various
      factors affecting the composition of the gut EMG, in time and space along the
      gut, are discussed briefly. The need for the analysis of the ECA for its
      oscillatory nature is mentioned together with details regarding the widely used
      visual, period, and Fourier analysis techniques. Fourier analysis techniques have
      been applied with increasing frequency to gut EMG; the various features of
      Fourier analysis and considerations for their implementation on the computer are
      discussed. The visual, period, and Fourier analysis approaches as well as their
      uses and limitations in application to a variety of ECAs of the stomach and of
      the colon in dogs and humans are illustrated. This study indicates that period
      analysis techniques are well suited for the study of the visibly oscillatory
      upper gut EMG, while smoothed spectral analysis is more appropriate for the study
      of colonic EMG.

PMID- 3691159
TI  - Isolation of mutants of Candida glabrata resistant to miconazole.
AB  - Elucidation of the mode of action of azole antifungals would be aided by studying
      resistant mutants. It is difficult to obtain mutants of Candida albicans in the
      laboratory, and there have only been a few studies on clinical isolates which
      seem to be resistant because of impaired drug uptake. C. glabrata, unlike C.
      albicans, is haploid and more likely to give rise to resistant variants. Over 30
      mutants have been isolated by selection with miconazole on solid medium and have
      MICs of miconazole about ten times that of the parental strain. One such mutant
      has a reduced growth rate and final cell yield. In intact cells, ergosterol
      biosynthesis is tenfold less sensitive to miconazole than in the parent. However,
      uptake of [3H]miconazole by cells is identical in both strains. The significance
      of these observations is discussed.

PMID- 3691160
TI  - Talk about talk: metacommentary and context in the analysis of psychotic
      discourse.
AB  - This paper presents an analysis of an interview with a manic patient at a time
      when her discourse seemed incoherent. It addresses itself to the interface
      between discourse and context, and argues that adequate contextualization of
      discourse can render incoherent speech more understandable. Appraisal of context
      and analysis of metacommentary--speakers' references to the ongoing talk--makes
      apparently incoherent discourse intelligible, and gives access to the patient's
      experience of her illness. The implications of discourse analysis for psychiatric
      research are explored. General goals for discourse analysis in psychiatric
      settings are suggested, and strengths and weaknesses of the approach discussed.

PMID- 3691161
TI  - Healing spirits of South Kanara.
AB  - In South Kanara, India (formerly the kingdom of Tulunadu), and area stretching
      some 150 miles along the Arabian Sea and 25 to 50 miles inland, ancient forms of
      rural pageantry in honor of particular local Spirits are enacted yearly. These
      ritualized performances include elements of masked folk drama and epic recitation
      and serve a valued social role as a form of healing and counselling within
      village communities. Contemporary practitioner-patient interactions are part of
      an intricate tapestry partaking of customs occurring since times long past, such
      as the kinship structure (aliya-santana or nephew inheritance), the geopolitical
      milieu and the myths of Tulunadu. The power of these healing Spirits lies in
      their ability to reproduce social form through the cultural idiom of therapeutic
      efficacy.

PMID- 3691163
TI  - Patient decision making: the case of delivery method after a previous cesarean
      section.
AB  - In recent years, vaginal birth after cesarean section has become increasingly
      available to American women. Presently, about two-thirds of women who have had
      one previous cesarean section choose in their current pregnancies to attempt a
      "trial of labor" for normal vaginal delivery. About one-third who are given the
      option still choose elective repeat cesarean section. This paper reports findings
      from a study conducted to explore how women with a previous cesarean section
      evaluated the two delivery options and what factors were important to them in
      making their choices. The data for the analysis were collected during semi
      structured interviews of 100 prenatal care patients at three San Francisco Bay
      Area hospitals during their third trimester of pregnancy. Particular attention is
      given to two dimensions of patient decision making that clinical researchers
      studying childbirth after previous cesarean delivery have overlooked. The first
      describes the social motives that lead women to prefer one delivery option over
      the other. The second describes negotiation strategies that patients use with
      physicians to gain decision making power and to reduce uncertainty surrounding
      labor and delivery.

PMID- 3691162
TI  - Changing time perspective and mental health among Southeast Asian refugees.
AB  - Little is known about the psychological mechanisms people employ in adapting to
      extreme circumstances such as becoming refugees. Case studies of refugees making
      up part of a sample of 1348 persons relocated from Southeast Asia to Vancouver,
      British Columbia, suggest that altering one's perception of time may be an
      adaptive strategy. During periods of acute stress, refugees seem to focus on the
      present to the relative exclusion of past and future. The reemergence of past and
      future into consciousness brings about a risk for developing depression.
      Epidemiological data corroborate inferences from case material, demonstrating
      that refugees are more present-oriented than the indigenous population. A
      "Nostalgic" time orientation, preoccupation with the past, is associated with
      elevated depression scores. Contrasts are drawn between nostalgia, a maladaptive
      pattern, and memory, which is an inevitable part of the process of personality
      integration.

PMID- 3691165
TI  - A surgical residency curriculum.

PMID- 3691164
TI  - Health diary study of Japanese residents in Greater Boston: variables related to
      high incidence of health problems.
AB  - This study was conducted to assess the impact of migration on the incidence of
      illness episodes and health care seeking behavior among Japanese residents in
      Greater Boston. Subjects were instructed to keep diaries about illnesses
      experienced and visits to physicians. A total of 62 problems (0.77 per person)
      occurred over a four-week period with only 9 problems (15 percent) receiving
      medical consultation. Residents who were in the U.S. for less than one year had
      the highest rate of perceived stress and the highest incidence of health
      problems. The number of people available for support to an individual did not
      correlate with the occurrence of health problems. Surprisingly no emotional or
      psychological problems were recorded in the diary in spite of explicit
      encouragement to note such problems. An increased occasion of family get
      togethers compared to that in Japan was perceived as stressful by men, but not by
      women. This contrasts with the perception of children's educational issues as
      stressful exclusively by women.

PMID- 3691166
TI  - Curricular needs in general surgery: a national survey.

PMID- 3691167
TI  - The stability of iron stores after gastric operations.

PMID- 3691168
TI  - Biochemical gaps: osmolal and anion.

PMID- 3691169
TI  - Linear regional Frank-Starling relationships.

PMID- 3691170
TI  - Contraction of serosa-patched intestinal defects.

PMID- 3691171
TI  - Effect of vitamin A and zinc on wound healing in steroid-treated mice.

PMID- 3691172
TI  - The effect of moderate hypothermia in the treatment of hemorrhagic shock.

PMID- 3691173
TI  - Ketamine inhibits sphincter of Oddi phasic wave amplitude.

PMID- 3691174
TI  - Suppression of macrophage-mediated lymphocyte recruitment by local but not
      systemic steroids.

PMID- 3691175
TI  - Hepatic extraction of amino acids, galactose, and ammonia in cirrhosis.

PMID- 3691176
TI  - Mitochondrial morphology in Basidiobolus haptosporus.
AB  - Young hyphal cells of the potentially zoopathogenic fungus Basidiobolus
      haptosporus characteristically exhibit unusual proportions of annulate views of
      mitochondria in the two-dimensional perspective of thin sections. Such views
      exhibit a central space containing cytoplasmic ground substance and often
      profiles of other cytoplasmic organelles (lipid bodies, other mitochondrial
      forms, and especially crystalloid-containing microbodies). Three-dimensional
      projections are presented to suggest that these mitochondria have assumed the
      form of a goblet-shaped enclosure, and that the various annulate views are the
      consequence of plane of section viewed by electron microscopy. Their frequent
      occurrence and consistent morphology argues against their being random
      expressions of mitochondrial plasticity, but rather for close spatial
      associations amongst cytoplasmic organelles of young hyphae. When the fungus is
      grown on xanthine or its catabolites as sole sources of nitrogen, there is a
      proliferation of crystalloid-containing microbodies, double-membraned vesicles,
      and ovate to ellipsoidal mitochondria. Annulate views of mitochondria then are no
      longer observed, but microbodies again frequently appear in close association
      with mitochondria and at times in intimate contact with the mitochondrial outer
      membrane.

PMID- 3691177
TI  - Oscillations in erythrocyte membrane preparations.
AB  - The ratio of weakly and strongly immobilized populations of membrane-bound
      maleimide spin label, the excimer to monomer fluorescence ratio of membrane
      embedded pyrene, and acetylcholinesterase activity, were evaluated in bovine
      erythrocyte membrane preparations incubated at 37 degrees C. Oscillations were
      evident in the values obtained, and the periods of these oscillations were in the
      range of 1.3 to 1.6 h.

PMID- 3691178
TI  - The chromosomes of Micromys minutus (Rodentia, Murinae). II. Pairing pattern of X
      and Y chromosomes in meiotic prophase.
AB  - Both light and electron microscopy were used to study the pairing behavior of the
      sex chromosomes of the harvest mouse, Micromys minutus, in surface-spread
      pachytene spermatocytes. The XY pairing pattern is very exceptional in that the
      site of synaptic initiation is located interstitially in the short arms of the X
      and the Y, next to their centromeric regions. From this tiny euchromatic site,
      synapsis proceeds unidirectionally along the homologous heterochromatic short
      arms of the X and the Y toward the ends of the chromosomes. After pairing of the
      short arm is concluded, synapsis begins between the nonhomologous long arms of
      the X and the Y in the immediate vicinity of the centromeres and progresses
      unidirectionally toward the end of the long arm of the Y. A synaptic complex
      develops between the constitutive heterochromatin of the long arm of the Y and
      the euchromatin of the long arm of the X. Analysis of C-banded and distamycin
      A/DAPI-stained diakineses revealed a trefoil-like XY bivalent, which was
      interpreted to be the result of an interstitial chiasma occurring in the paired
      short arms of the X and the Y. A conspicuous, electron-dense body, about 1 micron
      in diameter, was found closely associated with the centromeres of the X and the Y
      in numerous pachytene spermatocytes. A review of the literature showed that
      comparable XY-associated bodies have been found in only eight other mammals to
      date.

PMID- 3691180
TI  - Localisation on human chromosome 19 of three genes for cell surface antigens
      defined by monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Expression of three distinct human cell surface antigens defined by monoclonal
      antibodies (mAbs) was examined in a series of rodent-human somatic cell hybrids
      retaining different subsets of human chromosomes. Cell surface reactivity with
      mAbs F8 and G253, detecting a 95 kilodalton (kD) glycoprotein (gp95); with mAbs
      F10 and A103, detecting a 50 kD glycoprotein (gp50); and with mAb S7 was found to
      cosegregate with human chromosome 19. However, differential antigen expression
      was observed with hybrids containing fragments of the 19 and hybrids constructed
      with different human cell types. Comparison of results from the serological
      typing with the presence of a number of chromosome 19 DNA markers in hybrid cells
      and cytogenetic analysis suggests that MSK20, the gene coding for the F10/A103
      antigen gp50, is located in chromosome region 19pter----19p13.2. The genes coding
      for the F8/G253 antigen, gp95 (gene symbol MSK19) and the S7 antigen (MSK37) are
      located in region 19p13.2----19q13.2. Thus, the cell surface antigens described
      in this study may be used as selectable markers for specific portions of human
      chromosome 19.

PMID- 3691179
TI  - A specific chromosomal abnormality in rhabdomyosarcoma.
AB  - A specific chromosomal abnormality, t(2;13)(q35;q14), was discovered in five
      cases of advanced rhabdomyosarcoma. It was identified directly in cells that had
      metastasized from bone marrow in one patient and in xenografts derived from the
      tumors of four other patients. The translocation was not restricted by histologic
      subtype, but was found in cases classified as alveolar, undifferentiated, or
      embryonal. Cytogenetic hallmarks of gene amplification (double minute chromosomes
      and homogeneously staining regions) were apparent in three cases. Other frequent
      abnormalities included rearrangements of chromosomes lp and trisomy of chromosome
      8. The absence of the t(2;13) in more than 100 cases of other pediatric solid
      tumors investigated in our laboratory indicates its specificity for
      rhabdomyosarcoma. These cytogenetic findings suggest directions for further
      investigation of the molecular events underlying the genesis of this tumor.

PMID- 3691181
TI  - Equine half sibs with an unbalanced X;15 translocation or trisomy 28.
AB  - Two unrelated chromosome abnormalities were found in equine half sibs. The
      proposita, Case 1, which was short in stature and infertile, had a de novo
      unbalanced X;15 translocation involving loss of Xp. Replication studies indicated
      that the translocated X was preferentially late replicating and that this late
      replication spread variably into the autosomal segment. Case 2, a half brother of
      the proposita, was short in stature, had cryptorchidism, and was trisomic for
      chromosome 28. Cytogenetic analysis of the dam, the sire of Case 1, and two other
      phenotypically normal half sibs revealed normal chromosome complements. Five
      further normal pregnancies were reported. The finding of two unrelated chromosome
      abnormalities is therefore probably fortuitous in this family. This is the first
      case of an unbalanced X-autosome translocation and the first case of an autosome
      trisomy to be reported in the horse.

PMID- 3691182
TI  - Premature chromosome condensation induced by electrofusion.
AB  - Premature chromosome condensation of G1, G2, and S-phase chromosomes has been
      achieved by the use of electrofusion in the fusion of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)
      cells and HeLa cells and CHO cells with human leukocytes. Very high yields of
      heterokaryons, of over 80%, as well as elimination of adverse effects of chemical
      and viral fusion agents, facilitated induction of premature chromosome
      condensation of high quality.

PMID- 3691183
TI  - The rat MIS1/Pvt-1 locus is syntenic with MYC on chromosome 7.
AB  - Mouse Pvt-1 and rat MIS1 are frequent proviral integration sites in retrovirally
      induced lymphomas. The Pvt-1 locus is also involved in mouse plasmacytoma (6;15)
      and in the variant Burkitt lymphoma (2;8) translocations. We show that the Pvt
      1/MIS1 locus is syntenic with MYC on rat chromosome 7. This is consistent with a
      postulate of close linkage and, possibly, a functional relationship between the
      MYC protooncogene and the MIS1/Pvt-1 locus.

PMID- 3691184
TI  - Comparative cytogenetics of Chinese and Japanese raccoon dogs, Nyctereutes
      procyonoides.
AB  - We investigated the relationships between subspecies of Nyctereutes procyonoides
      from China (2n = 54 + B chromosomes) and Japan (2n = 38 + B chromosomes). The
      chromosomes of Chinese and Japanese raccoon dogs were compared by means of
      conventional staining, G- and C-banding, and silver nitrate staining of NORs.
      Extensive G-banding homologies revealed karyotype evolution through chromosomal
      fusion. We believe the reduced diploid number in the Japanese raccoon dogs was
      achieved by fusion of 16 acrocentrics to form eight metacentric and
      submetacentric elements. Ten pairs of autosomes appeared to be identical in these
      subspecies and were presumed to have occurred as such in a common ancestor. G
      band patterns of the sex chromosomes were similar in the two subspecies, but
      differences were noted with other banding and staining techniques. B chromosomes
      were present in varying numbers and sizes in all animals examined, but the
      morphology of the B chromosomes differed in the two subspecies. It was concluded
      from chromosomal and paleontological evidence that the two subspecies were
      derived from a common mainland ancestor and that the Japanese raccoon dogs is a
      relatively recent form.

PMID- 3691185
TI  - Rearrangements of chromosome region 12q13----q15 in pleomorphic adenomas of the
      human salivary gland (PSA).
AB  - Nine of 40 pleomorphic salivary gland adenomas (PSAs) showed clonal aberrations
      of chromosome 12, with a breakpoint at 12q13----q15. The cytogenetic findings in
      these cases and those of nine additional cases reported in the literature suggest
      that this type of aberration is a primary change directly involved in the genesis
      of PSA.

PMID- 3691186
TI  - Segregation after mitotic crossing-over in isodicentric X chromosomes.
AB  - Segregation after mitotic crossing-over in an isodicentric (idic) X chromosome
      with one active and one inactive centromere has given rise to two new cell lines,
      one in which the idic(Xpter) chromosome has two active centromeres (most of these
      chromosomes also have an inversion) and another in which neither centromere is
      active. The two X chromosomes are attached at the telomeres of their short arms.
      Similar segregation has given rise to two other cell lines with idic(Xq-)
      chromosomes. Other observations on segregation after mitotic crossing-over are
      reviewed. Unequal crossing-over has apparently played a major role in the
      evolution of various genes and heterochromatin. Retinoblastoma and Wilms tumor
      are in some cases associated with homozygosity of a chromosome segment resulting
      from mitotic crossing-over. Similarly, the high incidence of cancer in Bloom
      syndrome may be caused by mitotic crossing-over leading to homozygosity or
      amplification of oncogenes.

PMID- 3691187
TI  - Cytogenetic analyses of a Salvelinus hybrid reveal an evolutionary relationship
      between the parental species.
AB  - Mitotic analyses of the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) x arctic char (S.
      alpinus) hybrids (sparctic trout) revealed a mode of 2n = 82 with 18 metacentric
      and 64 acrocentric chromosomes. The brook trout had 2n = 84 with 16 metacentric
      chromosomes and the arctic char had 2n = 80 with 20 metacentric chromosomes; both
      species are derivatives of a single tetraploid event. Variable multivalent-like
      configurations that may be centromeric associations of bivalents were observed in
      C-banded pachytene figures of female sparctic trout. Metaphase I analyses of
      sparctic trout males indicated that two fusions of nonhomologous acrocentric
      chromosomes representing two duplicated chromosome sets must have occurred in the
      arctic char after its evolutionary divergence from the brook trout. A mode of
      seven tetravalent rods per cell suggests that preferential multivalent pairing
      occurs in the sparctic hybrid; metaphase I analyses of S. alpinus males revealed
      a mode of only five tetravalent rods per cell. The presence of multivalents
      implies that the arctic char, like the brook trout, is still undergoing
      diploidization. Cytochemical detection of the nucleolar organizer region (NOR)
      revealed intra- and interspecific as well as intraindividual variability in the
      numbers and types of chromosomes (metacentric or acrocentric) on which NORs
      appeared in arctic char and sparctic trout. Brook trout only had NORs on
      acrocentric chromosomes. This may indicate that different chromosomal fusions
      occurred in the evolution of brook trout from arctic char.

PMID- 3691188
TI  - A comparative chromosome banding analysis of the Ursidae and their relationship
      to other carnivores.
AB  - Trypsin G-banded karyotypes of eight species of Ursidae were prepared from
      retrovirus-transformed skin fibroblast cultures. The banding patterns of all
      bears are highly conserved, even though their diploid numbers range from 42 to
      72. A comprehensive analysis of the homologous banding patterns within the
      Ursidae and with a hypothesized ancestral carnivore karyotype permitted the
      reconstruction of three significant chromosomal reorganization events that
      occurred during the evolution of the modern ursids. The first was a
      multichromosomal fissioning away from the biarmed (2n = 44) primitive carnivore
      karyotype, leading to six species of the Ursinae subfamily (2n = 78). The second
      was a comprehensive chromosome fusion in the lineage that led to the
      Ailuropodinae (giant panda) subfamily (2n = 44). The third event was a second,
      independent, but less extensive, centromeric fusion occurring in the line that
      led to the Tremarctinae (spectacled bear) subfamily (2n = 52). Ursidae karyotypes
      are not only highly conserved within the family but also exhibit extensive
      chromosome banding homology with other carnivore families.

PMID- 3691189
TI  - An extended chicken karyotype, including the NOR chromosome.
AB  - Chicken chromosomes were identified up to No. 18 by a sequential counterstain
      enhanced fluorescence technique. A heterochromatin characterization of macro- and
      microchromosomes was performed; in general, the microchromosomes were GC-rich,
      but with a high degree of variation. The NORs are localized on chromosome No. 17.

PMID- 3691190
TI  - A human regulatory subunit of type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase localized by
      its linkage relationship to several cloned chromosome 7q markers.

PMID- 3691191
TI  - Linkage between the loci for Duffy (FY) and serum amyloid P component (APCS) on
      human chromosome 1.

PMID- 3691192
TI  - Psychobiological studies of stress and coping: an introduction.
AB  - Developmental psychobiology is the study of how the interplay between behavioral
      and physiological processes supports and directs development. This symposium
      section is devoted to work in this interdisciplinary domain focused on examining
      stress and how young organisms cope with and are affected by stressful
      experiences. In this introduction to the symposium section, the problems of
      interpreting and integrating information on stress reactivity derived from a
      combination of behavioral and physiological measures are discussed.

PMID- 3691193
TI  - Sensory deprivation stress and supplemental stimulation in the rat pup and
      preterm human neonate.
AB  - This article reviews the literature and presents data from our laboratories on
      sensory deprivation stress and supplemental stimulation of the rat pup and the
      preterm neonate. The data suggest that the effects of maternal deprivation in the
      rat pup (suppression of growth hormone release and protein synthesis) are
      regulated by a specific form of tactile stimulation: only brush stroking of
      maternally deprived rat pups returned growth parameters to normal; other forms of
      stimulation, including kinesthetic and vestibular stimulation, were ineffective
      in restoring normal functions. Other data are presented demonstrating that very
      small preterm neonates given tactile-kinesthetic stimulation gain more weight per
      day, spend more time awake and active, and show more mature habituation,
      orientation, motor, and range of state behaviors on the Brazelton assessment.

PMID- 3691194
TI  - Adrenocortical activity and the Brazelton Neonatal Assessment Scale: moderating
      effects of the newborn's biomedical status.
AB  - The Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale with Kansas Supplement (NBAS
      K) was administered midway between feedings to 60 newborns who were between 32
      and 122 hours old. 35 of the newborns were classified as extremely healthy and
      normal (Subgroup I), whereas 25 (Subgroup II) were characterized by slight
      perinatal problems including gestational age 36-37 weeks or 42+ weeks, and fetal
      distress during labor. All of the newborns were healthy enough to be cared for in
      a healthy newborn, Level I nursery. Immediately following administration of the
      NBAS-K, a blood sample was obtained for plasma cortisol determination.
      Correlations between behavioral responding on the NBAS-K and levels of plasma
      cortisol revealed few significant relations for the sample as a whole. When the 2
      subgroups were examined separately, a number of significant relations emerged.
      Newborns in Subgroup I who were more competent in their motor control and state
      regulation capacities as assessed by Lester's Cluster Scores for the NBAS-K
      exhibited higher levels of plasma cortisol. In contrast, newborns in Subgroup II
      who exhibited a greater adrenocortical response to the examination showed more
      behaviors indicative of high behavioral arousal and distress. This pattern of
      relations for Subgroup II appeared to be mediated by the number of hours that had
      elapsed since delivery. As postpartum time increased, the strength of the
      association between adrenocortical activity and behavioral arousal/distress
      decreased for Subgroup II. A systems theory approach is used to interpret the
      difference in patterns of correlations found for the 2 subgroups.

PMID- 3691195
TI  - The physiology and psychology of behavioral inhibition in children.
AB  - Longitudinal study of 2 cohorts of children selected in the second or third year
      of life to be extremely cautious and shy (inhibited) or fearless and outgoing
      (uninhibited) to unfamiliar events revealed preservation of these 2 behavioral
      qualities through the sixth year of life. Additionally, more of the inhibited
      children showed signs of activation in 1 or more of the physiological circuits
      that usually respond to novelty and challenge, namely, the hypothalamic-pituitary
      adrenal axis, the reticular activating system, and the sympathetic arm of the
      autonomic nervous system. It is suggested that the threshold of responsivity in
      limbic and hypothalamic structures to unfamiliarity and challenge is tonically
      lower for inhibited than for uninhibited children.

PMID- 3691196
TI  - Blurring the behavioral-biological distinction: a commentary.

PMID- 3691197
TI  - A methodological approach to developing an assessment procedure for testing the
      neurobehavioral maturity of preterm infants.
AB  - Using data from 179 preterm infants, a neurobehavioral maturity assessment was
      developed by using a process in which clusters characterized by conceptual
      coherence and face validity were systematically subjected to statistical analyses
      designed to test whether they also had high test-retest reliability, statistical
      cohesion, and developmental validity. The psychometric soundness of the test
      items was made a precondition for their inclusion into the assessment procedure.
      Also tested were cluster redundancy, as well as the impact of gestational and
      conceptional age, and of postbirth influences on the functions tested. 8
      dimensions of neurobehavioral functioning were found to be stable with a test
      retest reliability of at least .6 or higher on 2 consecutive days, nonredundant
      and developmentally valid. They were: Active Tone/Motor Vigor, Alertness and
      Orientation, Excitation Proneness, Inhibition Proneness, Scarf Sign, Popliteal
      Angle, Maturity of Vestibular Response, and Vigor of Crying.

PMID- 3691198
TI  - The early caregiver-child relationship and attention-deficit disorder with
      hyperactivity in kindergarten: a prospective study.
AB  - Newborn status, ratings of temperament, and heretofore neglected experiential
      (parenting) antecedents of hyperactivity were evaluated in a prospective,
      longitudinal investigation. The experiential variables were derived from a
      developmental theory of arousal modulation in the early years. Patterns of
      maternal intrusive care, seductive behavior, and overstimulation were assessed at
      6 months, 2 years, and 3 1/2 years, respectively. 2 of these 3 variables
      significantly predicted hyperactivity in kindergarten at age 5 or 6, as
      determined by clinically validated ratings made by teachers. Of the 38 early
      child variables, which included neonatal behavioral assessments and ratings of
      activity level by parents and observers on many occasions during the first 2 1/2
      years, only the motor maturity factor from 2 composited Brazelton exams yielded a
      significant relation. In addition, a measure of distractibility at 42 months was
      predictive of hyperactivity. Although other child measures may prove to be more
      powerful than those we tested, it will remain the case that prospective data are
      a critical arbiter of etiological factors in hyperactivity. Such data have
      important implications for both diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 3691199
TI  - Maternal employment in a family context: effects on infant-mother and infant
      father attachments.
AB  - The relation between resumption of full-time employment by mothers of infants
      under 6 months of age, and subsequent infant-mother and infant-father
      attachments, was examined in this study. Attachment classifications and ratings
      of reunion behavior with mother and with father in Ainsworth's Strange Situation
      at 12 months were obtained for 57 nonemployed-mother families and 40 employed
      mother families. No relation emerged between maternal work status and the quality
      of infants' attachments to their mothers, indicating that early resumption of
      employment may not impede the development of secure infant-mother attachment. A
      significantly higher proportion of insecure attachments to fathers in employed
      mother families was found for sons but not for daughters. Joint examination of
      the infants' attachments to both parents revealed a trend suggesting that in
      employed-mother families, boys were more likely to be insecurely attached to both
      parents than were girls in employed-mother families or infants of either sex in
      nonemployed-mother families. These patterns are discussed in light of differences
      in maternal and paternal sex-typing behavior and of evidence suggesting boys'
      vulnerability to psychosocial stress.

PMID- 3691200
TI  - Young children's inductions from natural kinds: the role of categories and
      appearances.
AB  - Recent analyses of natural kind terms (e.g., dog, gold) suggest that people
      expect members of a kind to share unforeseen properties. The present study
      investigated the development of this expectation by studying children's inductive
      inferences. On each of a series of problems, 3- and 4-year-old children were
      taught a new fact about an object and then were asked whether it would generalize
      to: an object that looked like the original, that had the same label as the
      original, that looked like the original and had the same label, or that differed
      from the original in both respects. The results indicate that 3- and 4-year-olds
      drew more inferences based on category membership than on perceptual appearances,
      when both were available. Furthermore, children often based their inferences on
      category membership even when no label was provided. Thus even 3-year-olds
      assumed that natural kind categories include more than superficial features.

PMID- 3691201
TI  - Early function concepts: their development and relation to certain mathematical
      and logical abilities.
AB  - Cognition of functions (i.e., y = f(x)) has been identified as an achievement of
      early childhood. To investigate the development of function concepts and their
      relation to mathematical and logical abilities typically acquired during the age
      period of 5-7 years, 72 children in this age range were tested on nonnumerical
      function tasks (functions as exchange of properties, functions as displacement of
      positions, and functions as preservation of structure), numerical tasks (number
      conservation and arithmetic problems), and aspects of logical reasoning (class
      inclusion, class vicariance, and seriation). Orderly developmental trends were
      found in function task performance, with younger children manifesting limited
      success through trial-and-error strategies and older children achieving
      substantial success with anticipatory strategies. Moreover, certain function
      abilities were associated with the numerical domain, whereas others were
      associated with the logical domain. The findings are consistent with the
      developmental model of Piaget et al. according to which cognition of functions
      lays the groundwork for reversible operations, but also suggest that this
      development occurs through parallel processes within separate conceptual domains.

PMID- 3691202
TI  - The peer relations of mildly delayed and nonhandicapped preschool children in
      mainstreamed playgroups.
AB  - Previously unacquainted groups of normally developing and mildly developmentally
      delayed preschool-age boys (N = 64) were brought together to form a series of 8
      mainstreamed playgroups. Each playgroup consisted of 3 normally developing 3-year
      olds, 3 normally developing 4-year-olds, and 2 mildly developmentally delayed 4
      year-olds. The delayed children were matched with the normally developing older
      group for chronological age and with the normally developing younger group for
      developmental level. Each playgroup operated 5 days per week for 2 hours per day
      for a 4-week period. During that time, the peer-related social and play
      interactions of each child were videotaped, and peer sociometric ratings were
      obtained at the completion of each playgroup. Analyses of social participation
      and individual social behavior measures revealed that the analogue playgroup
      setting was appropriate for evaluating peer interactions, as expected
      developmental patterns emerged despite the presence of children heterogeneous
      with respect to chronological age and developmental status. The existence of a
      deficit in peer-related social interactions for mildly delayed children was
      supported in this investigation--a deficit that could not be attributed to
      reputational factors, the unavailability of responsive peers, inadequate matching
      procedures, unusual sample characteristics, or similar factors. Selected
      observational measures, peer preference patterns during free play, and peer
      sociometric ratings also indicated that the delayed children were perceived to be
      less competent and of lower social status. However, despite their relative
      isolation, important developmental opportunities were available for mildly
      delayed children in the mainstreamed playgroups. Possible processes responsible
      for these outcomes were discussed.

PMID- 3691203
TI  - Stability of overt type A behaviors in children: results from a two- and five
      year longitudinal study.
AB  - The stability of Type A behaviors in children was evaluated in a 2- and 5-year
      longitudinal study. Type A behaviors were rated by the children's classroom
      teachers using the Matthews Youth Test for Health (MYTH). MYTH ratings were
      obtained annually for 3 years on children from 3 inner-city parochial schools
      (initial N = 317) and for 6 years on children from 3 suburban public schools
      (initial N = 434). Participants were predominantly Caucasian and in grades K, 2,
      4, and 6 when the project began in 1979. Correlations for total Type A scores for
      the 2-year follow-up period were .38 and .45 in the suburban and urban samples,
      respectively, collapsing across grade and sex. There were no significant
      differences in the magnitude of correlations between the samples or between sex
      or grade subgroups within each sample. The correlation for total Type A score for
      the 5-year follow-up period was .39 in the suburban sample, and no differences in
      the magnitude of the correlations between sex or grade subgroups were found. The
      stability of children's Type A behaviors across 2 and 5 years compares favorably
      to the stability of other cardiovascular risk factors in children.

PMID- 3691204
TI  - The effect of caffeine on normal and denervated gastrocnemius muscles of
      Uromastix hardwickii.
AB  - The effect of time and 5 mM caffeine was studied on the maximum twitch tension of
      the normal and 11-13 days denervated gastrocnemius muscles of Uromastix
      hardwickii. The maximum twitch tension was found to decrease with time and it
      remained about 68% of initial after 60 minutes at 20 degrees C. Five mM caffeine
      only produced potentiation in normal and denervated muscles while there was no
      contracture in either muscle. Although caffeine increased the overall contraction
      and relaxation times in control muscles, it was more effective on the contraction
      time of the denervated muscles in which the contraction time increased with time.
      Denervated muscles were seen to be less sensitive to caffeine as the contraction
      times increased with time (at about 30-40 minutes) in these muscles while in
      normal control muscles the contraction time increased immediately. The action of
      caffeine in relation to these effects is discussed.

PMID- 3691206
TI  - Metabolic clearance rate and secretion rate of gastric inhibitory polypeptide in
      the rat.
AB  - The metabolic clearance rates (MCR) and secretion rates (SR) of immunoreactive
      gastric inhibitory polypeptide (IR-GIP) were determined in both fasted and fed
      rats by a specific radioimmunoassay (RIA). Rats were infused intravenously (iv)
      with porcine GIP dissolved in a blood replacement mixture at a constant rate of
      0.12-0.13 ml/min for 60 min. The basal level of plasma GIP was decreased in
      fasted rats as compared to fed rats. The mean MCR of GIP was 1.85 ml/min in
      fasted rats and 1.96 ml/min in fed rats. There was no significant difference in
      MCR of GIP between fasted and fed rats. However, the SR was significantly higher
      in fed rats when compared with fasted rats. These results suggest that the low
      concentration of plasma GIP in fasted rats is due to a reduction of GIP secretion
      rate.

PMID- 3691205
TI  - Effects of thyroidectomy on the metabolic clearance rate of prolactin and
      prolactin release in the rat.
AB  - The effects of thyroidectomy on both the secretion of rat prolactin (PRL) in vivo
      and the release of PRL from rat anterior pituitary glands (Aps) in vitro in the
      absence of ovarian steroids were studied. Rats were ovariectomized (Ovx) 42 days
      after thyroidectomy or sham-thyroidectomy. On day 15 following ovariectomy the
      rats were either decapitated for examining the in vitro release of PRL from AP or
      anesthetized for measuring the metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of rat PRL. After
      decapitation, blood samples were collected and APs were incubated with or without
      the extract of rat medial basal hypothalamus (rHE) at 37 degrees C for 4 h. The
      MCR of iodinated rat PRL was determined by a single injection method. Blood
      samples were collected by heart puncture at frequent intervals. Serum PRL
      concentrations of decapitated thyroidectomized-ovariectomized (TX-Ovx) rats were
      56% lower than those found in Ovx rats. Thyroidectomy in Ovx rats resulted in a
      significant reduction of the spontaneous release of PRL from AP. The rHE
      decreased PRL levels in the medium after incubation with APs from sham Tx rats,
      but not those from Tx rats. MCR of PRL was reduced in Ovx rats by thyroidectomy.
      These results indicate that thyroidectomy reduces the spontaneous release of rat
      PRL by AP and secretion rate of rat PRL in the absence of ovarian steroids.

PMID- 3691207
TI  - The coordination of contractions of circular and longitudinal muscle layers of
      rat uterus in late pregnancy and during delivery.
AB  - Although it is well known that, in visceral smooth muscle, gap junctions between
      muscle fibers of the same muscle layer are responsible for synchronized strong
      contractions, much less attention has been paid to the interaction of muscle
      layers. An L-shaped preparation of the myometrium composed of circular and
      longitudinal muscle layers was adapted to study the relationship between the
      activities of these two muscle layers of pregnant rats. After careful separation,
      each of the two arms of the preparation would consist of only one muscle layer,
      while both layers remained connected at the angle of the L. Thus, contractions of
      both muscle layers could be monitored simultaneously and their relationship could
      be investigated. It was found that coordination of the contractions of
      longitudinal and circular muscles appeared in the morning of gestation day 21 and
      continued toward delivery. The coordination was expressed as a special sequence
      of the contractions of the two muscle layers which occurred repetitively for an
      hour or longer. In most of the cases, pacemaker was located in the longitudinal
      layer. Dissociation of one of the arms would make both arms contract
      independently. A few specimens from animals in their early third trimester also
      showed interaction of the muscle layers. Nevertheless, the correlation was not as
      strong as that in specimens prepared from animals close to term.

PMID- 3691208
TI  - Interferon produces hyperthermic responses in rats.
AB  - The effects of administration of alpha human leukocyte interferon into the
      anterior hypothalamic preoptic area on metabolic, respiratory and vasomotor
      activities, as well as body temperatures, were assessed in unanesthetized rats at
      various ambient temperatures (Ta). Intrahypothalamic administration of interferon
      produced dose-dependent fever in rats at Ta = 8-30 degrees C. The interferon
      induced fever was due to increased metabolism and/or cutaneous vasoconstriction
      (or decreased heat loss). Furthermore, the fever induced by interferon was
      antagonized by pretreatment of animals with indomethacin, an inhibitor of
      prostaglandin synthesis. The data indicate that the fever induced by
      intrahypothalamic interferon is due to the endogenous release of prostaglandins
      in the anterior hypothalamic preoptic area of rat's hypothalamus.

PMID- 3691209
TI  - [Treatment of post-traumatic infection].

PMID- 3691210
TI  - [Treatment of open fractures with external fixation--with reference to Orthofix
      dynamic-axial fixation].

PMID- 3691211
TI  - [Therapy of infected joints and joint prostheses].

PMID- 3691212
TI  - [Treatment of severe soft tissue infection].

PMID- 3691213
TI  - [Surgical therapy of pelvic tumors].
AB  - Results in 72 patients with primary tumors of the pelvis and in 140 patients with
      metastases are reported. Classification, localization, type of resection and
      reconstruction including bone grafts, osteosynthesis and internal hemipelvectomy
      are described. In benign and low grade malignant bone tumors continuity
      resections and pelvic reconstructions give good oncological and functional
      results. In high grade malignant bone tumors and soft tissue sarcomas the 5-years
      survival rate is only 37% respectively 19%. Metastases of the pelvis and proximal
      femur are treated by combinations of metal implants and bone cement as well as by
      different types of total hip prostheses.

PMID- 3691214
TI  - [Injuries of the iliac and femoral vessels--a life-threatening emergency
      situation in hip prosthesis surgery].
AB  - The pattern of operation injuries of the arterial vessels which may occur during
      hip surgery is illustrated by this summary of our own cases. Injuries of the
      femoral vessels seem to be preventable if the Hohmann-retractor is carefully
      placed on the anterior margin of the acetabular rim under digital control.
      Furthermore drilling damage of the iliac vessel appears to be avoidable. However,
      the replacement manoeuvre of the artificial acetabulum can be associated with
      massive bleeding despite greatest care. Under these circumstances immediate
      surgical intervention through an inguinal retroperitoneal approach is mandatory.

PMID- 3691215
TI  - [Results of osteosynthesis of medial femoral neck fractures with the angled
      plate].
AB  - Among 82 patients still alive after osteosynthesis of femoral neck fractures
      between 1974 and 1983, 67 (i.e. 81.7%) were controlled clinically and
      radiologically. The average follow-up period was 57.0 months. The average age of
      36 men was 45.3 years, the average age of 31 women was 56.1 years. Fractures were
      divided in lateral and medial femoral neck fractures, the medial fractures were
      classified according to Pauwels and Garden. The rate of avascular head necrosis
      mounted 20.7%, the rate of non union 13.8%. Both complications were dependent on
      the type of fracture. Besides reduction and impaction of fragments time of
      operation proved to be important: In 37 fractures type Garden III and IV the rate
      of avascular head necrosis was 3-fold higher after secondary osteosynthesis than
      after emergency operation at the day of accident. Our concept in treatment of
      femoral neck fractures is based on these factors: Emergency operation,
      decompressive capsulotomy, valgus reduction, impaction of the fragments and
      internal fixation to allow movement.

PMID- 3691216
TI  - [Disorders of vascularization in para-epiphyseal groove humeral fractures and
      their clinical significance for the growing skeleton].
AB  - We analysed retrospectively 50 humerus fractures in the vicinity of elbow joint
      and 40 fractures of the proximal humerus with respect to possible injuries of the
      vessel pattern of the epiphyseal plate. The normal vessel pattern of the
      epiphyseal plate was examined postmortem on 8 foetus and newborns up to 6 months.
      We plastinated the affected regions and could compare symmetry of the vessel
      pattern in the epiphyseal plates as well as therapeutic consequences, especially
      after injuries of the elbow joint. Vascular disturbances in the case of young
      children, i.e. by fractures of the lateral oder medial condyle are undoubtedly
      seen. A fish-tail deformity can be a complication. By older children with mature
      epiphyseal plate we could not register any complications. In such cases we are
      interested in restoring the joint stability by refixation.

PMID- 3691217
TI  - [Structural analysis of the Y nail and a design with reduced impact stress].
AB  - The Y-nail used for osteosynthesis of pertrochanteric fractures is studied with
      respect to its failure, stress analysis and some proposals are made to get a more
      fatigue resistant design.

PMID- 3691218
TI  - [Semirigid plate osteosyntheses using absorbable polymers as temporary implants.
      I. Introduction, chemical composition and material-related studies].
AB  - Possible indications for the use of biodegradable implants are presented and the
      chemical compounds in question are briefly described. The results of a laboratory
      investigation to determine mechanical stability, tensile strength and molecular
      weight are reported, in order to characterize the polymers and co-polymers of the
      lactide under study.

PMID- 3691219
TI  - [Measuring compartment pressure of the lower leg with a microtip probe].
AB  - In the acute compartment syndrome it is difficult to decide on the basis of
      clinical criteria alone whether or not fasciotomy is indicated. Reliable and
      objective parameters are required before a treatment schedule can be devised.
      Measurement of the pressure inside the acute compartment can facilitate the
      decision as to whether operative treatment is appropriate in the case of the
      muscular compartment involved. We performed compartment pressure measurements in
      the tibialis anterior compartment in 27 healthy volunteers using a microtip
      probe. Clinically relevant results were obtained. It was demonstrated that this
      method could be used either in acute cases or for long-time measurements. We
      think that using a microtip probe for intracompartmental pressure measurement
      provides reliable data and makes the decision on fasciotomy much easier.

PMID- 3691220
TI  - [The inferior rectus abdominis flap--possibilities for use and results].

PMID- 3691221
TI  - [Compartment syndrome of the lower leg with a lesion of the anterior tibial
      muscle].

PMID- 3691222
TI  - [A versatile disposable fixation].

PMID- 3691224
TI  - [Excision-shunt in chronic pancreatitis. 236 cases].

PMID- 3691223
TI  - [Initial experience with C.D. (Cotrel-Dubousset) equipment in the surgical
      treatment of scoliosis].

PMID- 3691225
TI  - [Cystoduodenostomy in chronic cavitary pancreatitis. 65 cases].

PMID- 3691226
TI  - [Current role of osteosynthesis in the treatment of severe chest injuries with
      parietal instability].

PMID- 3691227
TI  - [Apropos of a continuous series of 66 cases of fracture of the odontoid process.
      Value of stable osteosynthesis without associated C1-C2 arthrodesis].

PMID- 3691228
TI  - [Acute intussusception in the newborn infant and infant. Analysis of a statistic:
      160 cases].

PMID- 3691229
TI  - [Surgical treatment of lithiasis of the common bile duct. Development of opinions
      apropos of the comparison of 2 consecutive retrospective series comprising 337
      operations].

PMID- 3691230
TI  - [Contribution to the treatment of sequelae of noma with maxillo-mandibular
      synostosis with a deltopectoral flap].

PMID- 3691231
TI  - [Subhepatic pseudocyst caused by an injury of a lateral bile duct after
      cholecystectomy].

PMID- 3691232
TI  - [Treatment of unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis].

PMID- 3691233
TI  - [Characteristic features of cholelithiasis in China. A nationwide survey of 11342
      surgical cases 1983-1985].

PMID- 3691234
TI  - [Hepatic microvascular changes in intrahepatic cholelithiasis].

PMID- 3691235
TI  - [Amino acid analysis of pigment gallstones].

PMID- 3691236
TI  - [Polarizing microscopic studies of bile stones].

PMID- 3691237
TI  - [Trace element analysis of patients with biliary stones].

PMID- 3691238
TI  - [The changing pattern of cholelithiasis in Tianjin].

PMID- 3691239
TI  - [Metacarpal parameters and bone densitometry in postmenopausal osteoporosis].

PMID- 3691240
TI  - [Therapeutic effects of pedicled great omentum transplantation in treating
      traumatic paraplegia].

PMID- 3691241
TI  - [Island latero-leg turnover flap for a skin defect of the ankle and foot].

PMID- 3691242
TI  - [Upper urinary calculi associated with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Report
      of 8 cases].

PMID- 3691243
TI  - [Diagnosis of primary ureteral tumor].

PMID- 3691244
TI  - [Morphology and centripetal connections of nerve endings of the sinuvertebral
      nerve].

PMID- 3691245
TI  - [Effect of intravenous procaine anesthesia on methemoglobin levels].

PMID- 3691247
TI  - [Surgery of esophageal cancer. Long-term follow-up studies].

PMID- 3691246
TI  - [Experimental study on the intra-operative determination of thoracic duct injury
      with 131I-fat].

PMID- 3691248
TI  - [Results of surgical treatment in 6123 cases of carcinoma of the esophagus and
      gastric cardia].

PMID- 3691249
TI  - [Experience in the use of the circular stapler].

PMID- 3691250
TI  - [Retrosternal gastric transplantation after resection for upper and midthoracic
      esophageal carcinoma].

PMID- 3691251
TI  - [Surgical treatment of caustic stricture of the esophagus].

PMID- 3691252
TI  - [Colonic interposition for esophageal substitution. Report of 52 cases].

PMID- 3691253
TI  - [Role of selective arteriography in judging resectability of the pancreas head or
      ampulla cancer].

PMID- 3691254
TI  - [Evaluation of intraoperative cholangiography].

PMID- 3691255
TI  - [Role of endoscopic sphincterotomy in diseases of the biliary tract].

PMID- 3691256
TI  - [Intramedullary fixation with fasciculated pinning of open fractures of the leg
      bones].

PMID- 3691257
TI  - [Design and clinical uses of two rectangle-shaped flexible intramedullary nails
      for tibial fractures].

PMID- 3691258
TI  - [Design, animal experiments and clinical use of a compressive intramedullary
      rod].

PMID- 3691259
TI  - [Microwave-oven heating in the treatment of chronic lymphedema of the
      extremities. Report of 98 cases].

PMID- 3691260
TI  - [Selective reversed forearm island flap for hand injuries].

PMID- 3691261
TI  - The use of transanal rectal advancement flaps in the management of fistulas
      involving the anorectum.
AB  - Between 1981 and 1986, transanal rectal advancement flaps were employed in the
      surgical management of 39 anorectal fistulas at the Cleveland Clinic. Included
      were 23 low rectovaginal, 12 fistulas-in-ano and, four rectourethral fistulas.
      Nineteen fistulas occurred in patients with Crohn's disease while the other 20
      included 11 due to obstetric or surgical injury. This technique has become the
      Clinic's standard management for low rectovaginal fistulas but is reserved for
      complex fistulas-in-ano. Active proctitis or malignancy are contraindications to
      the procedure. Surgery requires elevation of a broad-based rectal flap, curettage
      of the tract, and advancement and primary suture of the flap over the internal
      opening. Fistulas were eradicated in 27 cases (69.2 percent) including 11 of 19
      due to Crohn's disease (57.9 percent) and 16 of the 20 (80.0 percent) from other
      causes (mean follow-up, 25 months). Rectovaginal fistulas healed in 60.0 percent
      of those with Crohn's disease compared with 76.9 percent of those due to other
      causes. Complex fistulas-in-ano in Crohn's disease did less well. Only two of six
      of these fistulas healed. Temporary stomal diversion was used on nine occasions
      and a successful outcome was achieved in only four, indicative of the greater
      complexity of these cases. It is concluded that the transanal rectal advancement
      flap can be an effective method of repair for fistulas of the anorectal region
      including selected cases due to Crohn's disease.

PMID- 3691262
TI  - Large-bowel transit in paraplegic patients.
AB  - Severe constipation often follows spinal cord injury. The aim of this study was
      to evaluate transit of contents through the large bowel in patients with
      paraplegia after a complete transverse lesion of the spinal cord. Transit through
      the right colon, left colon, and rectum was evaluated in 11 patients (eight
      males, 3 females; 17 to 63 years old) and data were compared with that of 37
      healthy control subjects. In all patients there was either no, or abnormally low,
      transit at the level of the left colon and rectum. A minor degree of transit
      delay at the level of the right colon was also present in eight patients. These
      data indicate that constipation in patients with paraplegia is due to abnormal
      transit, mainly at the level of the left colon and rectum, and transection of the
      spine between the C-4 and T-12 vertebral levels causes alteration of large-bowel
      motor activity mainly at the level of the segments innervated by the
      parasympathetic fibers of the sacral outflow.

PMID- 3691263
TI  - A comparison of emergency resection and staged management in perforated
      diverticular disease.
AB  - This retrospective view examines the outcome of surgical treatment of perforated
      diverticular disease in one hospital in the period 1976 to 1983. Of the 78
      patients, 38 underwent emergency colonic resection (group A) whereas 40 (group b)
      were treated by proximal colostomy and drainage (37 patients) or suture of the
      perforation with drainage (three patients). There was no significant difference
      between groups A and B in terms of operative mortality (21 percent vs. 24
      percent, respectively). Mortality rates were highest in patients with generalized
      peritonitis treated by colostomy and drainage (36 percent), whereas those with
      localized disease undergoing resection had a mortality rate of 17 percent (P less
      than .05). Eight of the 40 patients in group B developed fistulas whereas none of
      the group A patients had this complication. Only four (16 percent) of the
      surviving group A patients were left with a permanent colostomy as opposed to 15
      (56 percent) of their counterparts in group B. In the presence of perforated
      diverticular disease, emergency resection carries a lower morbidity than
      colostomy and drainage, although the present review shows no statistically
      significant differences in terms of mortality.

PMID- 3691264
TI  - Tumor characteristics in colorectal cancer and their relationship to treatment
      and prognosis.
AB  - Two hundred sixty one patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum were
      studied with respect to histopathologic and macroscopic tumor characteristics.
      Nonmetastatic disease was associated significantly with well-differentiated
      tumors, tumors with pronounced inflammation, and polypoid adenocarcinomas. There
      was a higher proportion of poorly-differentiated tumors in the right colon.
      Inflammatory changes were uncommon in rectal lesions; these tumors were more
      often polypoid than in other locations. Survival was significantly influenced by
      tumor differentiation, degree of inflammation, macroscopic appearance, and tumor
      size. Well-differentiated adenocarcinomas, less than 2 cm in diameter, and well
      differentiated polypoid adenocarcinomas, less than 4 cm in diameter, were all
      found in patients with Dukes' stage A tumors. Such patients may be candidates for
      local excision if the tumor is located in the distal part of the rectum.

PMID- 3691265
TI  - Posterior transsphincteric rectotomy. Indications and safety.
AB  - This study intends to make the transsphincteric approach to the rectum more well
      known, mainly because of the increasing number of small carcinomas and adenomas
      being detected by endoscopy following screening for occult blood. Thirty patients
      had rectotomy from 1983 to 1987. Curative surgery was performed on 15, whereas
      adenomas were excised in 11. Other indications were palliative excision,
      rectovaginal fistula, and postsurgical bleeding. Two patients had had previous
      transversostomies and a covering colostomy was done in one. Complications
      included wound infection in four and rectal fistula in four. Transversostomy
      became necessary in three. All colostomies were closed later and the mortality
      was zero. All preserved anal continence for solid and fluid feces, whereas three
      suffered from flatulence during a follow-up period from one to 46 months. The
      approach allows surgery in the upper part of the lower third of the rectum and
      the midrectum with a low mortality and complication rate, and should be preferred
      over major surgery in selected patients.

PMID- 3691266
TI  - The demographics of anal cancers are changing. Identification of a high-risk
      population.
AB  - One hundred fifty-six consecutive cases of carcinoma of the anal canal and margin
      diagnosed between 1959 and 1986 were reviewed. There were 27 cases between 1959
      and 1967, 41 between 1968 and 1976, and 88 between 1977 and 1986. Although the
      female-to-male ratio remained constant at 1.5:1, a high-risk group emerged,
      consisting of male patients with admitted homosexuality, bisexuality, or a
      history of anal condylomata acuminata. During the earliest period, 8 percent of
      male patients were in this group; this subset rose to 72 percent during the
      latest period (P less than .05). While the number of anal margin cancers has
      decreased, there has been a steady rise in the number of anal canal and in situ
      carcinomas, especially in the high-risk group.

PMID- 3691267
TI  - The effect of dietary milk and calcium on experimental colorectal carcinogenesis.
AB  - This investigation was based on an epidemiologic association of milk consumption
      and decreased intestinal cancer risk. Furthermore, there is also some indirect
      evidence that calcium supplementation in humans and animals may decrease colon
      cancer risk and that calcium, by inference, may be the protective factor in milk.
      In order to investigate these associations in a controlled laboratory setting,
      dietary supplementation of low fat dried milk (37 g/kg diet; N = 18) and calcium
      carbonate (40 mg/kg rat/day; N = 17) were compared separately to regular diet
      controls in the rat-dimethylhydrazine colon carcinogenesis model. The results of
      this investigation showed that neither milk-supplemented rats nor calcium
      carbonate-supplemented rats had fewer DMH-induced colorectal (P = .374) or total
      gastrointestinal tumors (P = .291) than did regular diet controls (N = 10; by
      analysis of variance [ANOVA]). Milk supplementation did result in a significant
      decrease in tumor burden when measured by incidence of metastases (P = .035) and
      of intestinal obstruction (P = .011; by chi-square test), when compared with
      calcium-supplemented and control rats. Though this implies that milk
      supplementation provides protection against some aspects of carcinogenesis of the
      colon, in rats fed low fat diets, this does not appear to be mediated through the
      calcium content of milk.

PMID- 3691268
TI  - Is microscopic colitis due to bile-salt malabsorption?
AB  - The cause of the recently described syndrome of chronic watery diarrhea
      associated with microscopic colitis is unknown. A patient appearing to have this
      disorder is described here. A major pathophysiologic role for bile-salt
      malabsorption in her, and perhaps other such patients, was suggested by her
      clinicopathologic response to cholestyramine.

PMID- 3691269
TI  - Colon and anorectal cancer after pelvic irradiation.
AB  - Seventy-six cases of colon or anorectal cancer after pelvic irradiation for other
      malignant or benign lesions were reviewed. The patients were 13 men and 63 women
      with a mean age of 65 years; 67 percent had received irradiation for gynecologic
      malignancy. The cancer developed at a mean of 15.2 years after irradiation (peak
      frequency between five and ten years); 85 percent of the patients had a mild to
      prominent radiation reaction around the cancer. Of the 72 adenocarcinomas, 26
      percent were mucinous. Only 17 percent of patients presented with symptoms of
      radiation proctitis, and the mean radiation dosages were not high. High radiation
      dosage and severe radiation damage may not be essential for radiation-associated
      colorectal cancer. The overall five-year survival rate was 48 percent. Close
      surveillance of the colon and anorectal regions of these high-risk patients at
      five years after irradiation is indicated.

PMID- 3691270
TI  - Cecostomy revisited. Still a useful operation.
AB  - The necessity of a cecostomy in the management of large-bowel obstruction
      continues to be debated. Recent reviews have tended to discredit or disregard
      this therapeutic method in favor of the colostomy. Past criticism has focused on
      three central issues. First, local stomal care is difficult. Second, satisfactory
      bowel preparation cannot be accomplished. Third, a high incidence of surgical
      closure of the cecostomy is reported. In light of this continuous controversy, a
      retrospective review of tube cecostomies was conducted to assess the indications,
      morbidity, and success or failure associated with this treatment modality.

PMID- 3691271
TI  - Splenic injury as a complication of colonoscopy and polypectomy. Report of a case
      and review of the literature.
AB  - Injury to the spleen is a rare complication of colonoscopy and polypectomy. The
      danger of this unusual complication is real and its early recognition and proper
      management are essential to a favorable outcome. A case of injury to the spleen
      requiring splenectomy following colonoscopy and polypectomy is reported and
      discussed. Review of the literature by the authors revealed only six similar
      cases.

PMID- 3691272
TI  - Hemorrhoid ligation.

PMID- 3691273
TI  - Effect of cisapride, a new prokinetic agent, on esophageal motor function.
AB  - In this study, we assessed by a double-blinded, cross-over design the effect of
      intravenous and oral cisapride on esophageal motor activity during the late fed
      state in normal subjects. For the intravenous study, subjects were given placebo
      or 10 mg cisapride randomly, while in the oral study, they randomly received
      placebo or cisapride at 5, 10, or 20 mg. Cisapride given intravenously or orally
      caused a significant increase in resting LES pressure. The increase in LES
      pressure after oral administration was significant only after the 20 mg dose.
      Esophageal-body peristaltic amplitude, determined for all smooth-muscle sites,
      showed a modest but significant increase of approximately 10 mm Hg after
      intravenous cisapride, whereas no significant increase occurred after oral
      cisapride. Propagation time of peristalsis was unaffected by intravenous or oral
      cisapride. Side effects of treatment were minimal and at no time necessitated
      cessation of the study. We conclude that in healthy subjects during the late fed
      period, (1) cisapride at 10 mg intravenously or 20 mg orally increased resting
      LES pressure and (2) at 10 mg intravenously, but at no oral dose, cisapride
      increased peristaltic amplitude without affecting propagation time. The
      potentiating effect of cisapride on LES pressure suggests that cisapride could
      have an ancillary role in the therapy of gastroesophageal reflux disease.

PMID- 3691274
TI  - Effects of meal composition on gallbladder and gastric emptying in man.
AB  - Cholecystogastric scintigraphy, utilizing [99mTc]HlDA to label the gallbladder
      contents and [111In]DTPA to label different meals, was utilized to determine the
      relationships between gallbladder and gastric emptying after meals of differing
      composition. Gallbladder emptying was determined in response to a multicomponent
      meal and to monocomponent fat, carbohydrate, and protein meals and in response to
      isotonic and hypertonic dextrose and isotonic and hypertonic saline. Also, the
      gallbladder emptying responses to equivalent multicomponent solid and liquid
      meals were compared. Significant gallbladder emptying was observed in response to
      the multicomponent meal and the monocomponent fat, carbohydrate, and protein
      meals. The most rapid and complete gallbladder emptying was seen with the
      multicomponent meal and the monocomponent fat meal. Significant gallbladder
      emptying was stimulated, not only by isotonic and hypertonic dextrose, but also
      by hypertonic saline. The gallbladder emptied more rapidly after a liquid than
      after a solid meal.

PMID- 3691275
TI  - Human basophil degranulation test in liver hydatidosis.
AB  - Upon exposure to a specific antigen, granulation of basophils bearing IgE
      disappears. The aim of this study was to assess the human basophil degranulation
      (HBD) test with hydatic antigen in 100 patients. Seventy patients were clinically
      suspected of having liver hydatidosis (LH) (group I). Eight patients had
      asymptomatic hepatic calcifications. Twenty-two patients had previous surgery for
      LH (group III). In group I the percentage of HBD was significantly higher in
      patients with LH (23 of 70) than in patients with other hepatobiliary diseases (P
      less than 0.001). In group II all patients had negative HBD tests. In group III
      the test became negative within 8-12 months after radical surgery in four
      patients, and remained positive in the other 18. These results suggest that the
      HBD test is useful for the diagnosis of LH. In asymptomatic patients with hepatic
      calcified cyst, a negative HBD test suggests a dead parasite. In previously
      operated patients, a positive test suggests persistence of antigen.

PMID- 3691276
TI  - Prediction of surgery for obstruction in Crohn's ileitis. A study of 64 patients.
AB  - The charts of 64 patients with Crohn's ileitis were reviewed to determine what
      characteristics at the time of first observation at a specialized center were
      predictive of surgery for irreversible obstruction, using Cox's proportional
      hazard model. Individual variables which proved significant (P less than 0.01)
      included age at presentation to the clinic, serum albumin, sedimentation rate,
      and the presence of radiologic strictures. Patients eventually requiring surgery
      were older than the rest because of a later date of symptom onset; furthermore,
      patients with strictures on initial x-rays had not been ill for a longer period
      of time than those who did not have strictures. These data suggest that fibrosis
      and stenosis are characteristic of a subgroup of Crohn's patients, rather than
      being inevitable phases of disease evolution. Multivariate analysis revealed that
      patients with low serum albumin, high sedimentation rate, and roentgenologic
      stenosis at first observation were ten times as likely to require surgery for
      obstruction at 10 years than those without any of these three unfavorable
      parameters.

PMID- 3691277
TI  - Free radicals and lipid peroxidation in ethanol- or aspirin-induced gastric
      mucosal injury.
AB  - In this study the role of free radicals and lipid peroxidation as mediators of
      chemically induced mucosal damage was investigated. Two enzymatic antioxidants,
      superoxide dismutase or catalase injected intravenously, reduced mucosal damage
      either by ethanol or aspirin. Of six nonenzymatic antioxidants, given in a wide
      dose range subcutaneously 30 min before intragastric administration of absolute
      ethanol, only propyl gallate decreased mucosal damage, while four of the
      antioxidants tested against aspirin were protective. These nonenzymatic
      antioxidants were antisecretory in the pylorus-ligated rat. The concentration of
      conjugated dienes and malondialdehyde measured in the gastric mucosa shortly
      after ethanol or aspirin administration remained unchanged or slightly decreased.
      These results indicate that free radicals may be involved in the pathogenesis of
      acute gastric mucosal injury caused by chemicals, but their mechanisms of action
      probably does not involve lipid peroxidation.

PMID- 3691278
TI  - Effect of irradiation on morphology and motility of canine small intestine.
AB  - In addition to severe damage to the intestinal mucosa, there is evidence based on
      altered transit that irradiation affects intestinal motor function. A single dose
      of 938 cGy to the intestine of dogs consistently produced an acute intestinal
      radiation syndrome consisting of vomiting and diarrhea but was not lethal. In the
      fasting state, the migrating myoelectric complex was uniformly interrupted. After
      a meal, jejunal myoelectric activity analyzed by a computer program showed a
      progressive decline in the number, duration, and length of migration of spike
      bursts. There were occasionally bizarre motility patterns consisting of clusters
      of migrating spike bursts. Slow waves demonstrated irregular rhythm and
      nonuniform morphology. They occasionally migrated in an orad direction and at
      times were totally uncoupled. At 24 hr and four days after irradiation, the
      muscle and the neural plexus were nearly normal by light microscopy, but the
      mucosa exhibited severe necrosis. Therefore, irradiation produces profound
      functional abnormalities in intestinal muscle even though the morphology is
      minimally altered.

PMID- 3691279
TI  - Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma in a young female.
AB  - Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma in a young female is reported. Her symptoms were
      right upper quadrant pain and low-grade fever. Laboratory examinations showed an
      increased number of white blood cells and an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation
      rate. Plasma factor VIII:C was increased. The hepatic lesions were demonstrated
      as low-density areas by CT scan, and multiple nodules with central depression on
      the surface of the liver were identified by peritoneoscopy. The biopsy specimens
      showed spindle-shaped tumor cells set in the fibrous and myxohyalinous tissue.
      The tumor cells were positive for factor VIII-related antigen and Weibel-Palade
      bodies. The patient received transcatheter arterial embolization therapy using
      Gelfoam and mitomycin C following which the plasma level of factor VIII was
      normalized and regression of the tumors was observed.

PMID- 3691280
TI  - Obstructive jaundice by a dissecting aneurysm of celiac axis and hepatic artery.
AB  - We report a case of dissecting aneurysm of the celiac axis and hepatic artery
      resulting in obstructive jaundice. The aneurysm was demonstrated both by
      ultrasound and by angiography, but the associated aortic dissection was apparent
      only on CT scan. The patient was treated with percutaneous transhepatic biliary
      drainage, surgical exclusion of the aneurysm by ligation, and progressive
      dearterialization of the hepatic artery.

PMID- 3691281
TI  - Hemochromatosis and Yersinia enterocolitica septicemia.

PMID- 3691282
TI  - Trends in inflammatory bowel disease therapy - 1986. Proceedings of a symposium.
      Montreal, Canada, May 2-3, 1986.

PMID- 3691283
TI  - Role of endoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease.
AB  - Over the past two decades, endoscopy has emerged as the single most important
      tool in the initial diagnosis and subsequent follow-up of inflammatory bowel
      disease. This article is an overview of the applicability of the various
      endoscopic procedures in the management of inflammatory bowel disease and its
      complications.

PMID- 3691284
TI  - Pathology of inflammatory bowel disease in colorectal mucosal biopsies.
AB  - The importance of colorectal biopsies in the diagnosis and management of
      inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is reviewed and the histologic criteria for
      identifying the different types of colitis are outlined. While most of the
      histopathologic features of the various forms of colitis are characteristic, none
      is pathognomonic. Accordingly, emphasis is placed on considering all clinical and
      investigational data in evaluating histopathologic changes found in colorectal
      mucosal biopsies.

PMID- 3691285
TI  - High frequency ventilation: application of nursing diagnosis.

PMID- 3691286
TI  - Loneliness in critically ill adults.

PMID- 3691288
TI  - The product evaluation process: making an objective decision.

PMID- 3691287
TI  - The CCU experience: stressful or reassuring?

PMID- 3691289
TI  - Applying nursing research to equipment: evaluation of a new bedscale.

PMID- 3691290
TI  - Evaluating a patient classification system.

PMID- 3691291
TI  - Competency-based evaluation: not just for new nurses (continuing education
      credit).

PMID- 3691292
TI  - Legal perspective on competency-based evaluation.

PMID- 3691293
TI  - Plasma fluorescein decay determination during fluorophotometry.
AB  - Two useful methods for determination of the decay curve of non-protein bound
      fluorescein (NPBF) in plasma up to 1 hour after intravenous fluorescein injection
      are described and evaluated. The course of NPBF is approximated in method 1 by a
      sum of two exponential decay functions and in method 2 by a power of time
      function. The parameters in these functions are calculated with the use of
      concentration values measured in two blood samples taken at about 5 min. and 60
      min. after injection. Calculations in method 1 include the amount of fluorescein
      injected. The accuracy of each method was evaluated in 7 volunteers by measuring
      NPBF concentration in 15-28 blood samples taken after fluorescein injection at
      intervals of 5 min. or less. The mean relative deviation between calculated and
      measured concentration values amounted to 9.2% +/- 4.3 SD and 12.7% +/- 4.5 SD
      for method 1 and 2, respectively. The time integral of NPBF concentration in
      plasma up to one hour after injection was calculated according to the results of
      both methods and compared with integral values obtained by linear interpolation
      between concentration values measured in the 15-28 plasma samples. The mean
      relative deviation for the 7 volunteers amounted at 15 min. to 2.8% and 17% and
      at 60 min. to 11% and 18% for method 1 and 2, respectively. The maximal
      difference between the blood-retinal barrier permeability value for NPBF
      calculated with and without taking glucuronation into account was estimated to be
      20% for an average glucuronation percentage of 70% or less.

PMID- 3691294
TI  - Electrophysiological findings in familial exudative vitreoretinopathy.
AB  - Three patients in a family with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) were
      studied especially electrophysiologically. Two cases showed abnormal ERG, namely
      reduction of amplitude of oscillatory potentials, a and b wave of bright white
      flash ERG, scotopic and photopic b waves. One case showed reduced Light peak/Dark
      trough ratio of EOG. Next, the electrophysiological findings of cases with FEVR
      reported in the literature were analyzed. The result was that FEVR has
      electrophysiological varieties but a statistical significant relationship between
      electrophysiological findings and visual acuity. That is, cases with abnormal ERG
      or EOG have more impaired visual acuity than normal ones. Furthermore, there was
      a tendency that eyes with abnormal ERG or EOG showed more disturbed color vision
      and advanced fundus findings than normal ones. These results seemed to be
      understandable by anatomically characteristic fundus feature of FEVR.

PMID- 3691295
TI  - On the recovery of the electroretinogram after removal of intravitreal zinc
      particles.
AB  - The influence of intravitreal zinc particles (1.3 mm2) in the eyes of rats caused
      the amplitudes of the electroretinogram to decrease to about 50% of the initial
      values within 24 hours, whereas the prolongation of the peak times began only on
      the third day after particle implantation. The removal of the zinc particles
      after 30 days led to only partial recovery of the amplitudes, whereas the peak
      times reached normal values. Dissociated behaviour of the amplitudes and peak
      times as described here was not found in earlier experiments with intravitreal
      iron, copper or lead particles of the same size. The extraction of intravitreal
      zinc particles (1.3 mm2) one day after implantation resulted in a recovery of the
      amplitudes up to 85%.

PMID- 3691296
TI  - The effect of a moderate level of hypoxia on human color vision.
AB  - This study reports the effect of a moderate level of hypoxia on human color
      discimination. We found a generalized loss of color vision affecting both red
      green and blue-yellow discrimination at an altitude of 12,000 feet. Although the
      residual color discrimination at this altitude was within age-matched, sea-level
      norms, a statistically significant increase over sea level error scores was
      measured on the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue test and the Pickford-Nicolson
      anomaloscope. An analysis of psychophysical and electrophysiological studies
      indicates that hypoxia acts by depressing retinal ganglion cell activity and that
      it can affect photopic visual processes as well as scotopic vision. We conclude
      that studies evaluating man's visual performance at altitude must consider post
      receptoral processes.

PMID- 3691297
TI  - Comparative prevalence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Asian and
      white Caucasian adults.
AB  - The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in adults was determined within a specific
      area of Leicester City, containing 20,053 Asians and 18,068 White Caucasian over
      the age of 16 years in the 1981 census. Subjects who had ever had classical
      symptoms with a random venous plasma glucose greater than or equal to 11.1 mmol/l
      were taken as diabetic. Exact numbers were ascertained from an analysis of
      diabetic clinic records and specialist health visitor records. The latter have
      formed an important part of community care for diabetics in Leicester for the
      last 30 years, and patients are referred by hospital consultants and nursing
      staff, and by general practitioners. Diabetes was ascertained in 967 Asians and
      1194 White Caucasians. Age-adjusted relative risk of diabetes (95% confidence
      interval) increased in Asians over 45 years of age and was 1.6 (1.3-1.8) and 2.7
      (2.5-3.2) for those aged 45-64 years and over 65 years, respectively. Relative
      risk of NIDDM was significantly higher (approximately x 2) in Asians in all age
      groups. Our study shows that in Asians the prevalence of diabetes rises above 45
      years of age and that NIDDM occurs more frequently in adult Asians. The causes
      and long-term effects of this require further analysis.

PMID- 3691298
TI  - Sequels to screening for hypertension and diabetes mellitus in Fiji.
AB  - We evaluated the outcome of a case-finding programme resulting from an
      epidemiological survey on diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors by re
      interviewing 318 persons who had been found to have hypertension and/or diabetes
      mellitus in a population survey carried out in Fiji 1.5 years earlier in 1980. At
      re-examination, 34% of the hypertensive patients and 43% of the diabetic patients
      were not aware of their diagnosis. However, the proportion of treated
      hypertensive people was tripled and that of diabetic patients doubled. It was not
      possible to identify the characteristics of the persons who were missed in the
      follow-up. Many persons who were unaware of their condition regularly used,
      however, the existing health services available. On the other hand, several
      initially treated cases had no proper follow-up. More careful planning and
      development of comprehensive community-based programmes for hypertension and
      diabetes are needed in Fiji. Simple population screening for hypertension and
      diabetes may result in an extra work load and limit the available health care
      resources so that the overall outcome is not satisfactory.

PMID- 3691299
TI  - Transport and post-transport abnormalities of glucose metabolism in cardiocytes
      isolated from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AB  - The altered glucose utilization in cardiocytes isolated from streptozotocin (STZ)
      induced diabetic rats and its reversibility to normal following 2-week insulin
      treatment were studied. 3-O-Methylglucose (3-O-MG) transport in cardiocytes
      isolated from normal rats was stimulated to 150% (P less than 0.01) above the
      basal level in the presence of 80 nM insulin. The basal 3-O-MG transport in
      diabetic rats was decreased to 41% of that in normal rats, and further an
      increase in 3-O-MG transport was not observed even in the presence of 80 nM
      insulin. Similar significant decreases in glucose uptake in the presence of both
      trace (0.8 microM) and 5.5 mM glucose were also found in diabetic rats. However,
      in normal rats, lactate release into the media was stimulated by only 16% (P less
      than 0.05), and glucose oxidation was not stimulated in the presence of insulin,
      there being no significant difference between normal and diabetic rats. On 2-week
      insulin treatment of diabetic rats, both the basal 3-O-MG transport and glucose
      uptake in the presence of trace and 5.5 mM glucose returned to normal levels,
      with significant improvement of the blunted acute insulin action. In addition,
      both lactate release and glucose oxidation were also significantly (P less than
      0.05) increased by in vivo insulin treatment. The maximum insulin-stimulated 3-O
      MG transport (r = -0.79, P less than 0.01) and glucose uptake in cells in the
      presence of 5.5 mM glucose (r = -0.74, P less than 0.01) both showed a negative
      correlation with the plasma glucose concentration, but not with the plasma free
      fatty acid level or the plasma triglyceride level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3691300
TI  - Sex differences in diabetes induced by neonatal streptozotocin treatment in
      spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - We examined the sex differences in the development of diabetes due to neonatal
      streptozotocin (STZ) treatment in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) which are
      more prone to diabetes than normotensive rats. Male and female SHR were
      intraperitoneally injected with various doses of STZ at 2 days after birth. In
      those treated with vehicle or 25 mg/kg of STZ, there were no sex differences in
      plasma glucose levels, which changed little during the 12 weeks of observation.
      When treated with 50 mg/kg of STZ, however, male SHR developed overt
      hyperglycemia greater than 300 mg/dl plasma glucose after 8 weeks of age, while
      females showed a minimal change in plasma glucose levels. When given 75 mg/kg of
      STZ, female rats developed overt hyperglycemia at 4-6 weeks of age, during which
      time male SHR showed no apparent hyperglycemia. At 8 weeks or later, however,
      both males and females had similarly high levels of plasma glucose. Glycosylated
      hemoglobin at 12 weeks was compatible with plasma glucose levels in each group.
      The present results indicate that there are sex differences in susceptibility to
      neonatal STZ treatment and in development of hyperglycemia.

PMID- 3691301
TI  - Family interaction and metabolic balance in juvenile diabetes mellitus. A
      prospective study.
AB  - Family interaction was assessed in 30 children with insulin-dependent diabetes
      mellitus (IDDM) of at least 2 years' duration using video-tapes of standardised
      family tasks. The relationship between measures of family interaction and
      metabolic balance (HbA1) was investigated 1 and 5 years after the task
      performance. No significant relationship between family interaction and HbA1 was
      found after 1 year, but HbA1 values 5 years after the family assessments were
      significantly higher in the children who belonged to families in which family
      interaction was considered disturbed (P less than 0.05). If family interaction
      was used as a predictor of metabolic control, 67% of the cases were correctly
      classified. In the group with disturbed family interaction HbA1 increased during
      the observation period in 44% of cases while in the group with functional
      interaction this occurred in only 11% of the cases. When the children were
      divided according to age, significantly higher HbA1 values were found only in the
      younger group (less than 18 years at the 5-year evaluation) of the children of
      families with disturbed family interaction (P = 0.025). Here a correlation
      between disturbed family interaction and HbA1 was found (rs = 0.46, p = 0.03). In
      conclusion, certain family interaction patterns seem to influence metabolic
      balance in IDDM in children during adolescence, but not during pre-adolescence
      and early adulthood.

PMID- 3691302
TI  - [Topological state of the genome of eukaryotes and structural heterogeneity of
      chromatin preparations].

PMID- 3691303
TI  - [A quasi-reversible electrochemical reaction of ferredoxin].

PMID- 3691304
TI  - [Atherogenic products of cholesterol oxidation].

PMID- 3691305
TI  - [Triphenyldioxan--a new effective inducer of cytochrome P-450].

PMID- 3691306
TI  - [Evaluation of the virulence of a Staphylococcus strain by the phagocytic
      activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes].

PMID- 3691307
TI  - [Cytogenetic effects of microwaves of nonthermal intensity in mammals].

PMID- 3691308
TI  - [Ultrasound stimulation of interferon biosynthesis].

PMID- 3691309
TI  - [Energy heterogeneity of solid surfaces during interaction with protein
      molecules].

PMID- 3691310
TI  - [A drag-reducing high-molecular weight component of erythrocytes].

PMID- 3691311
TI  - [Nanosecond intramolecular dynamics of melittin].

PMID- 3691312
TI  - [Formation of a chimera by replacing one nucleus in a two-cell mouse embryo].

PMID- 3691313
TI  - [Structural-functional role of imidazole groups of gonadotropin in the Russian
      sturgeon].

PMID- 3691314
TI  - [The role of tissue regulators in skeletal muscle regeneration in animals of
      various ages].

PMID- 3691315
TI  - Contact allergy to a contaminant in Kathon CG in the guinea pig.
AB  - Kathon CG is a commercial preservative, consisting of the two active ingredients,
      2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (5243-K
      CG) and other components. 4,5-dichloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (45243-K-CG)
      is a contaminant in Kathon CG. The chemically related active ingredients are
      known to be contact sensitizers in humans and guinea pigs. Aims of this study
      were to determine the sensitizing capacity of this contaminant and also to
      investigate the cross-reaction pattern by guinea pig sensitization tests. 45243-K
      CG was demonstrated to be a strong sensitizer; all animals reacting to 45243-K-CG
      also reacted to 5243-K-CG when rechallenged.

PMID- 3691316
TI  - Isothiazolinone preservative as important contact allergen in cosmetics.
AB  - Kathon CG (K-CG) containing as active ingredients 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one
      and its 5-chloro analogue, is a very effective and widely used preservative
      system for cosmetics and toiletries. Of 243 patients routinely patch tested
      because of suspected contact dermatitis 8 (3.3%) reacted to K-CG 100 ppm in
      water. All but 1 patient allergic to the preservative used cosmetics of 2 brands
      very widely distributed in the Netherlands, both containing K-CG. The observed
      positive patch test reactions were shown to be relevant in all these cases.
      Repeated open application tests were positive in 3/5 of the patients tested. The
      pertinent literature is reviewed. It is concluded that contact allergy to K-CG is
      common. Sensitization usually occurs from creams and lotions applied to damaged
      skin (irritant dermatitis, atopic dermatitis), but some patients become
      sensitized by cosmetic products used on healthy skin, especially on the face and
      around the eyes. The risk of induction and/or elicitation of contact dermatitis
      from the use of rinse-off products such as soap, shampoo and shower foam is
      small.

PMID- 3691317
TI  - [Allergic bronchial asthma caused by bromelin].
AB  - The proteolytic enzymes of Bromeliaceae (bromelin) are commonly used in
      pharmaceutical industries, food production and diagnostic laboratories. We report
      two cases of occupational allergy to bromelin with predominantly respiratory
      manifestation (allergic bronchial asthma). Obviously sensitisation to bromelin
      usually takes place due to inhalation and not due to ingestion.

PMID- 3691319
TI  - Process guides on drug-nutrient interactions for health care providers and
      patients: I. Overview.

PMID- 3691318
TI  - [Anaphylactic shock caused by shredded rizinus beans. Case report].
AB  - A 66 year old man from Krefeld experienced shock while tearing open a sack full
      of fertilizer containing shredded castor beans. After emergency treatment of
      shock, sensitisation to castor bean was later demonstrated by scratch testing.

PMID- 3691320
TI  - Process guides on drug and nutrient interactions in arthritics.

PMID- 3691321
TI  - Antipyrine metabolism not influenced by level of carbohydrate intake.
AB  - The effects on antipyrine metabolism of two levels of carbohydrate, fed
      intravenously as the sole source of nutrition, were compared. After a 36-hour
      baseline period during which they received 5% dextrose, 440 kcal per day,
      intravenously, 8 healthy men were administered 2 sequential intravenous
      nutritional regimens for 3 days each. One regimen consisted of dextrose 8.1 kcal
      per kg per day and the other 30.7 kcal per kg per day. The order of the 2
      regimens was randomized. Antipyrine metabolism was studied on the last day of
      each nutritional regimen. Antipyrine kinetics were not influenced by level of
      carbohydrate intake. Our study indicates that in humans carbohydrate does not by
      itself have an effect on oxidative drug-metabolizing capacity.

PMID- 3691322
TI  - Influence of food intake on the bioavailability of zuclopenthixol.
AB  - The single-dose kinetics of the neuroleptic thioxanthene zuclopenthixol was
      assessed in 12 healthy volunteers who ingested 10 mg of the drug orally, both on
      an empty stomach and together with a standardized breakfast of 1840 kj (440
      kcal). The serum concentrations of zuclopenthixol were measured by HPLC.
      Concomitant food intake did not influence the peak concentration nor the time to
      reach the peak concentration or the elimination half-life of zuclopenthixol, but
      the AUC values were significantly increased. Hence it seems likely that
      concomitant food intake enhances the bioavailability of zuclopenthixol, without
      influencing its absorption rate. The most likely mechanism is that food reduces
      the presystemic clearance of the drug. As the increase in AUC was only 26%, it is
      doubtful whether zuclopenthixol has to be administered in a standardized relation
      to meals.

PMID- 3691323
TI  - Dietary influences on ethanol metabolism.
AB  - Ethanol was orally administered to seven normal volunteers after three dietary
      control periods. Diet cycle I was high in protein and calories, cycle II was high
      in protein but hypocaloric, and cycle III was a combined low-protein, hypocaloric
      diet. Ethanol elimination was significantly altered by the changes in
      macronutrients. All volunteers demonstrated diminished ethanol clearance while
      consuming the hypocaloric diets, and further reduction was seen with an
      inadequate protein intake. A marked dietary influence on ethanol clearance has
      been demonstrated in normal male volunteers who have not been exposed to previous
      ethanol consumption.

PMID- 3691325
TI  - [Anesthesia and analgesia methods of the future: are there really new aspects?].

PMID- 3691324
TI  - Differential effects of dietary selenium on hepatic and renal glutathione-related
      enzymes and on hepatic microsomal drug metabolism in the rat.
AB  - These studies were undertaken to assess the effect of dietary selenium on
      glutathione-related enzyme activities in the liver and kidney and on hepatic drug
      metabolism. The intent was to study underlying mechanisms of selenium-induced
      beneficial effects in some models of hepatoxicity and carcinogenesis. Dietary
      selenium, as sodium selenite, was incorporated into a torula yeast basal diet
      (0.02 ppm selenium) and fed to male rats at supplementation levels of 0.0-5.0 ppm
      selenium for periods of three or six weeks. Additionally, a commercial cereal
      based diet (CD, 0.05-0.08 ppm selenium) was compared to the experimentally
      defined diet (DD) supplemented with approximately the same amount of selenium.
      Liver and kidney glutathione peroxidase activity essentially plateaued at levels
      of selenium of 0.1 ppm and greater. CD- and DD-fed animals had hepatic and renal
      glutathione peroxidase activities which were similar. Glutathione S-transferase
      activity in liver, but not kidney, increased with increasing supplements of
      selenium. Glutathione S-transferase activities in CD- and DD-fed rats were not
      different. Cytochrome P-450 content and associated oxidative drug metabolism
      activities were relatively unmodified by selenium. Overall, dietary selenium
      appeared to act by enhancing potential conjugative detoxication pathway, rather
      than by decreasing the potential activation of chemicals via the hepatic
      cytochrome P-450 system.

PMID- 3691326
TI  - [Abdominal aortic aneurysm--is a conservative attitude still justified?
      Experiences with 56 emergency and 128 elective surgical patients from the
      anesthesiological and vascular surgery viewpoints].
AB  - A retrospective analysis was undertaken of a consecutive series of 184 patients
      operated on between 1.1. 1984 and 31. 12. 1985 for aneurysm of the abdominal
      aorta. Rupture of the aneurysm had occurred in 56 patients (aged 70 +/- 9 yrs),
      47 (aged 66 +/- 9 yrs) had symptoms of an aneurysm, and 81 (aged 66 +/- 5 yrs)
      were operated on electively. The highest peri-operative hospital mortality rate,
      of 35.9%, was among the group with rupture (compared with 8.5% for the
      symptomatic group and 1.2% for the elective one). The period of intensive care in
      surviving patients was highest in the rupture group, at 8 +/- 17 days, compared
      with 3 +/- 2 in the symptomatic and 3 +/- 3 days in the elective group. Duration
      of postoperative hospital stay was 20 +/- 13, 15 +/- 7 and 13 +/- 6 days,
      respectively, in the three groups. Half of the patients also had arterial
      obstructive disease, arterial hypertension and/or coronary heart disease (25% had
      had an infarct according to the history, 8% more than one). A third of the
      patients received or should have received treatment for lung or respiratory tract
      disease, heart failure and/or cardiac arrhythmias. The thirty-fold increase in
      mortality rate for an emergency operation over that for elective surgery,
      together with the higher costs and longer hospital treatment, as well as the
      reduced probability of survival with conservative treatment speak for an
      aggressive approach towards elective surgery after optimal pre-operative
      treatment.

PMID- 3691327
TI  - [Percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy. A new method for the diagnosis of bile
      duct malignancies].
AB  - Percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy combines the advantages of endoscopic
      and radiological examinations. It makes it possible to assess the intraluminal
      spread of bile duct disease as well as histological and cytological examination
      of biopsies obtained under vision. Eight PTCs were performed without complication
      in seven patients with cancer of the bile duct. In four, the histology and extent
      of the tumour was defined endoscopically before any surgical intervention. In
      three others the results of treatment were objectified. A flexible
      choledochoscope, as used intraoperatively, was employed (CHF-P10). A stepwise
      dilatation of the percutaneous access-route was undertaken in several sessions in
      order to avoid bleeding complications. The procedure is done without general
      anaesthesia.

PMID- 3691328
TI  - [The new x-ray regulation].

PMID- 3691329
TI  - [Tobacco smoke: the most harmful substance for human beings in our environmental
      air?].

PMID- 3691330
TI  - [Therapeutic lymphapheresis in leukostasis-induced priapism].
AB  - Priapism occurred as a result of leukostasis due to an extreme rise in leukocyte
      count (503,000/microliter, 96% lymphocytes) in a 46-year-old man with chronic
      lymphatic leukaemia. In addition to surgical treatment, anticoagulant
      administration and cytostatic treatment several courses of lymphapheresis were
      performed using a cell separator. This latter procedure quickly reduced the
      number of lymphocytes and improved the patient's operability.

PMID- 3691331
TI  - [No compensatory settlement in addition to cost reimbursement. The Federal
      Administrative Court upholds the verdict on compensation of the official].

PMID- 3691332
TI  - [Angina pectoris during regional chemotherapy of liver metastases].

PMID- 3691333
TI  - [Goiter therapy with thyroid hormone or iodide?].

PMID- 3691334
TI  - The cephalosporin antibiotics. Seminar-in-print.

PMID- 3691335
TI  - Structural formulae and nomenclature of the cephalosporin antibiotics.

PMID- 3691336
TI  - Cephalosporins under development.

PMID- 3691337
TI  - Cephalosporin assays.

PMID- 3691338
TI  - [Antibiotic-induced hemorrhagic diathesis].

PMID- 3691339
TI  - [Pediatric sleep apnea syndrome].

PMID- 3691340
TI  - [Survival of breast cancer patients in Finland and Estonia].

PMID- 3691341
TI  - [Brain herniation induced by lumbar puncture].

PMID- 3691342
TI  - [Diagnosis and management of hiccups].

PMID- 3691343
TI  - Smoking habits in Kenya. I. A preliminary study involving University of Nairobi
      medical students.

PMID- 3691344
TI  - Clinical comparison of isobaric bupivacaine and hyperbaric lignocaine for spinal
      analgesia.

PMID- 3691345
TI  - ABO blood groups in giardiasis in some African ethnic groups in Kenya.

PMID- 3691346
TI  - Diagnosis of acute respiratory infections (ARI) among under fives in the
      paediatric observation ward (POW), Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi.

PMID- 3691347
TI  - The preoperative determination of retroperitoneal metastases in testicular
      tumours.

PMID- 3691349
TI  - Prognostic value of the Borrelia-index in relapsing fever.

PMID- 3691348
TI  - Maternal mortality--Pumwani Maternity Hospital--1975-1984.

PMID- 3691350
TI  - Unusual case of dental erosion: a case report.

PMID- 3691351
TI  - Primary hypothyroidism with enlargement of the sella tursica in a Sudanese
      patient: case report.

PMID- 3691352
TI  - Nutrition and health.

PMID- 3691353
TI  - The chemical and physical composition, keeping quality and acceptability of
      selected rations for infant feeding.

PMID- 3691354
TI  - Beta-carotene content of Tanzanian foodstuffs.

PMID- 3691355
TI  - Ascariasis, hookworm and nutritional status: a study of their relationships at
      Mwanamugimu Nutritional Unit, Mulago, Uganda.

PMID- 3691356
TI  - Growth of middle-income urban African infants.

PMID- 3691357
TI  - A human case of infection with a rodent cestode (Inermicapsifer) in Kenya.

PMID- 3691358
TI  - African histoplasmosis in Ethiopia: a case report.

PMID- 3691359
TI  - Pharmacokinetic considerations in treatment of severe heart disease.

PMID- 3691360
TI  - Changes in plasma HDL-cholesterol in women using oral contraceptives in Kenya.

PMID- 3691361
TI  - Albendazole (Zentel) in the treatment of helminthiasis in children below two
      years of age: a preliminary report.

PMID- 3691362
TI  - Semen characteristics in 120 fertile Tanzanian men.

PMID- 3691363
TI  - Neuropsychiatric sequelae of head injuries in Nigerians.

PMID- 3691364
TI  - The juxta urethral fistula.

PMID- 3691366
TI  - Sarcoidosis presenting as tuberculosis: a case report.

PMID- 3691365
TI  - The efficacy of augmentin as a beta-lactam antibiotic in surgical and medical
      practice.

PMID- 3691367
TI  - Effects of bleached kraft mill effluent on early life stages of brown trout
      (Salmo trutta L.).
AB  - Brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) eggs fertilized in clean water were incubated in
      bleached kraft mill effluent (BKME) concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, and 2% (v/v) in
      a continuous-flow system and exposure was continued with the sac fry for most of
      the yolk sac stage. In addition, sac fry first incubated in clean water were
      exposed after hatching to the same concentrations for 44 days. Percentage
      hatching was lower than in the control only in 2% BKME. In all the BKME
      concentrations, the newly hatched sac fry were shorter than the controls, and
      their heart rate was slower. All the sac fry in 2% BKME died within 3 weeks after
      the end of hatching. At the late yolk sac stage the sac fry in the other
      concentrations of BKME were shorter and less well developed than the controls.
      Their wet and dry weights were higher and their water content was lower because
      of retarded yolk absorption. Exposure commencing after hatching also caused
      retarded growth and development. In the sac fry exposed to BKME only after
      hatching, mortality increased with the concentration and all the sac fry in 2%
      BKME died within 4 weeks.

PMID- 3691368
TI  - Cytochemical demonstration of mercury deposits in trout liver and kidney
      following methyl mercury intoxication: differentiation of two mercury pools by
      selenium.
AB  - The amount and the ultrastructural distribution of mercury was studied in seven
      different organs of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) fingerlings following
      exposure to methyl mercury (MeHg)-contaminated fodder for periods of 2 and 7
      weeks. The amounts of mercury retained by the whole fish and the selected organs
      were determined by measuring the uptake of 203Hg-labeled MeHg. Spleen, liver, and
      kidney had the highest concentrations after both experimental periods, while the
      largest relative increases were found in brain, muscle, and kidney. The
      subcellular distribution of mercury accumulations was demonstrated cytochemically
      in liver and kidney using the silver enhancement method by which accumulations of
      mercury-sulfides and/or mercury-selenides are made visible for light and electron
      microscopy. When sections prepared from the liver and kidney from fish, injected
      with selenium 2 hr prior to being killed, were compared with those of fish not
      treated with selenium, two distinct pools of mercury could be demonstrated, the
      HgS pool, and the HgSe pool. The HgS pool, supposed to represent inorganic
      mercury, was found exclusively within lysosomes. The increase of this pool from 2
      to 7 weeks was most pronounced in the kidney. The HgSe pool, supposed to
      represent methyl mercury, was shown by the presence of silver deposits at new
      locations as well as by an increase in the amount of deposits within lysosomes.
      The new locations included (1) secretory-like vesicles and the bile canaliculi of
      the liver, suggesting a biliary excretion of this mercury pool; (2) microvilli
      and endosomes of kidney tubular cells, suggesting a glomerular filtration and
      subsequent reabsorption; and (3) mitochondria of proximal tubule cells.

PMID- 3691369
TI  - PCDDs, PCDFs, and metals in selected Danish soils.
AB  - Topsoil samples from five locations in Denmark were collected and analyzed for
      polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs),
      and selected heavy metals. The upper soil layers contained elevated
      concentrations of PCDDs, PCDFs, Pb, Zn, and Cu compared to the lower layers. The
      soil contents of PCDDs plus PCDFs were closely related to Pb contents. Higher
      concentrations were found near urban areas relative to strictly rural locations.
      From the presented data the provisional Danish background content of PCDDs plus
      PCDFs is estimated to be 4-7 micrograms m-2 in the topsoil of coniferous forests.

PMID- 3691370
TI  - Effects of plasma proteins on the dehydroabietic acid-induced red cell breakdown.
AB  - Since red cell hemolysis may play a role in the development of jaundice in fishes
      exposed to resin acids, we studied the effects of dehydroabietic acid (DHAA) on
      rainbow trout red cells in vitro. In incubations with physiological saline DHAA
      caused red cell breakdown at concentrations above 5 mg/liter within 24 hr. In
      plasma incubations red cell breakdown was observed only after 48 hr at
      concentration of 240 mg/liter, and DHAA at concentrations of 60 and 120 mg/liter
      dissolved lipids from red cell membranes within 24-48 hr. In addition, no changes
      were seen in 6 hr in red cell function when cells were treated in plasma with 210
      mg DHAA/liter. The addition of albumin to saline incubations markedly reduced
      hemolysis and showed that the protection against DHAA in plasma results from
      binding of DHAA to plasma proteins.

PMID- 3691371
TI  - Reduction of hexavalent chromium by mitochondria: methodological implications and
      possible mechanisms.
AB  - The reduction of hexavalent chromium by rat liver mitochondria was studied under
      various experimental conditions. The occurrence of possible artifacts arising
      from inadequate methods for Cr(VI) detection was also tested. Erroneous results
      due to the presence of NAD(P)H (above 0.1 mM) could be demonstrated when the
      diphenylcarbazide method is employed. Modifications of this colorimetric
      procedure are proposed, in order to minimize artifacts occurring when Cr(VI) is
      detected in NAD(P)H-added mixtures. Although no interfering substances that can
      affect colorimetric methods are normally present in mitochondrial preparations,
      some methodological precautions are recommended. Mitochondria can reduce
      hexavalent chromium using either succinate or glutamate as electron donors. The
      succinate-supported reduction of Cr(VI) is active especially in the presence of
      ADP or an uncoupler, while reduction induced by glutamate occurs only in the
      presence of respiratory-chain inhibitors. In mitochondria supplemented by NAD
      linked or FAD-linked substrates, different mechanisms in Cr(VI) reduction can
      therefore take place.

PMID- 3691372
TI  - Chronic effects of Cd on the reproduction of the guppy (Poecilia reticulata)
      through Cd-accumulated midge larvae (Chironomus yoshimatsui).
AB  - Chronic effects of Cd on the growth and reproduction of the guppy (Poecilia
      reticulata) were studied using a food chain model, midge larvae as prey and guppy
      as predator. The transfer rate of Cd from the midge to the guppy was between 0.5
      and 1% during the 30-day experiment. Growth rate of the guppy fed Cd-accumulated
      midge larvae (270 micrograms/g dry wt) for 30 days was not impaired. Cumulative
      numbers of fry produced by the guppy fed Cd-accumulated midge larvae (210
      micrograms/g) for 2 months decreased to ca. 80% of the control. Guppies had been
      fed the Cd-accumulated midges from 30 days old for 7 months. Cumulative numbers
      of fry produced by the guppy fed midge larvae-accumulated 500, 800, and 1,300
      micrograms Cd/g for 6 months decreased to 79, 65, and 55% of the control,
      respectively. Similar effects of Cd on the reproduction of guppy were shown
      between the guppies fed the Cd-accumulated midge larvae (500 micrograms Cd/g) and
      exposed to 10 or 20 micrograms Cd/liter for the 6 months. The Cd concentrations
      of the digestive tract, liver, and kidney increased strongly, indicating that
      such Cd accumulation was brought on mainly through the Cd-accumulated midges.
      Mortality of the female guppies fed larvae-accumulated 1,300 micrograms Cd/g
      increased abruptly from the 6 months of the experiment, whereas no male guppy
      died during the experiment.

PMID- 3691373
TI  - A practical isolation of methyl mercury in natural waters.
AB  - A simple method to isolate both organic and inorganic mercury in natural waters
      is described. The mercuric compounds were quantitatively extracted with dithizone
      from six different kinds of water spiked at nanogram levels with radioactive
      mercuric chloride and methylmercuric chloride. After the separation from the
      inorganic mercury with sodium nitrite, methyl mercury was transferred to aqueous
      medium with sodium thiosulfate. The method provides a high recovery of organic as
      well as inorganic mercury to an aqueous medium, prior to their determination by
      gold-trap cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometry. This method is easy,
      rapid, and inexpensive. Furthermore, the limited number of analytical steps
      should reduce loss and contamination.

PMID- 3691374
TI  - Responses of marine unicellular algae to brominated organic compounds in six
      growth media.
AB  - Marine unicellular algae, Skeletonema costatum, Thalassiosira pseudonana, and
      Chlorella sp. were exposed to the industrial brominated compounds
      tetrabromobisphenol A, decabromobiphenyloxide (DBBO), hexabromocyclododecane
      (HBCD), pentabromomethylbenzene (PBMB), pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), and the
      herbicide bromoxynil (BROM), in six algal growth media. High concentrations of
      DBBO (1 mg liter-1), PBMB (1 mg liter-1), and PBEB (0.5 mg liter-1) reduced
      growth by less than 50%. EC50s of the other compounds varied with growth medium,
      with high EC50/low EC50 ratios between 1.3 and 9.9. Lowest EC50s, 9.3 to 12.0
      micrograms liter-1, were obtained with S. costatum and HBCD. It is concluded that
      responses to toxicants in different media are the results of interactions among
      algae, growth medium, toxicant, and solvent carrier.

PMID- 3691375
TI  - Comparison of OECD and radiolabeled substrate methods for measuring
      biodegradation in marine environments.
AB  - Two methods for assessing biodegradation in marine environments, the OECD method,
      and a method using radiolabeled test substrate, were compared utilizing a model
      aromatic compound, benzoic acid. In samples from a relatively unimpacted estuary,
      Santa Rosa Sound, definitive biodegradation at 20 mg/liter was not detected by
      either method. However, the radiolabeled substrate method measured rapid
      biodegradation of the material at 50 micrograms/liter, which approximates
      expected environmental concentrations. In the Fraser River Estuary, which
      receives large discharges of municipal wastewater, biodegradation of benzoic acid
      was rapid at both 20 mg/liter and 50 micrograms/liter, and was detected by both
      methods. The results of the study illustrate the utility of radiolabeled
      substrates for determining the biodegradation of synthetic chemicals. Methods
      such as the OECD technique are very useful screening tools for assessing the
      overall potential of a chemical to biodegrade. However, such techniques generally
      cannot measure biodegradation at realistic concentrations. The use of
      radioisotopes in biodegradation studies can significantly increase the
      sensitivity of biodegradation measurements. As a result, realistic estimates of
      biodegradation can be obtained at concentrations which are often outside the
      scope of screening methods.

PMID- 3691376
TI  - A new method for examining the interdependence among toxic endpoints.
AB  - Many toxicological problems involve interdependence among several endpoints, the
      values of which vary randomly over time and in relation to each other. For two
      endpoints, correlation analysis can be used to determine interdependence. Since
      correlation between more than two endpoints is not defined, higher order
      interdependence is determined using multivariate methods. This paper presents the
      first description of a correlation measure that can be used to test
      interdependence among more than two endpoints. The observations for each endpoint
      must be expressible as binary (0 or 1) values. This measure is illustrated using
      teratogenicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity data for 104 compounds. All
      possible bivariate correlations were determined to be significant. The three-wise
      correlation was also significant.

PMID- 3691377
TI  - A shake-flask test for estimation of biodegradability of toxic organic substances
      in the aquatic environment.
AB  - Disadvantages of current biodegradation tests are examined: the need for high
      substrate concentrations, lack of parent compound concentration measurements, no
      estimation of sediment effects, failure to indicate compounds to which microbial
      populations must adapt to degrade, and lack of site specificity in innocula
      selection. A modified river die-away test is proposed for determining
      biodegradability of organic compounds and testing for toxic degradation products.
      The present test uses shake flasks containing sterile (2% formalin) and
      nonsterile site water: both with, and without, site sediment (500 mg/liter).
      Concurrent toxicity testing with mysids or daphnids provides a sensitive assay
      for the detection of toxic metabolites. Examples of three test compounds are
      given: methyl parathion, which undergoes rapid, sediment-mediated biodegradation;
      dibutylphthalate, to which some microbial communities exhibit an adaptation
      phenomenon; and methoxychlor, which has a relatively low water solubility and
      high sediment partition coefficient. The relative merits of this test procedure
      are discussed.

PMID- 3691378
TI  - A flowthrough fecundity test with Nitocra spinipes (Harpacticoidea Crustacea) for
      aquatic toxicity.
AB  - A sublethal flowthrough fecundity test with the euryhaline harpacticoid copepod
      Nitocra spinipes has been developed as a complement to the acute toxicity test
      (for 48 or 96 hr LC50) with the same species (B-E. Bengtsson, 1981, Mar. Pollut.
      Biol. 9,238-241). Bacterial suspension as feed and test water are continuously
      fed by a peristaltic pump to the system. Newly fertilized females with ovigerous
      bands are harvested from laboratory cultures and put into the test vessels at the
      start of the experiment. They are then exposed to a series of concentrations of
      chemicals or industrial effluents for 13 days. The amount of live offspring
      (metanauplia and copepodids) are recorded and an EC50 for fecundity is
      calculated. The report gives a detailed technical description of the test system
      and presents the results from 11 tests with pure chemicals (Zn, Cd, As, and
      pentachlorophenate) and six industrial effluents (pulp industry, textile
      industry, and refinery) in salinities ranging from 3 to 25%.

PMID- 3691379
TI  - The influence of serum substitute Ultroser G in toxicological evaluations in
      mammalian cells in vitro.
AB  - The influence of serum substitute Ultroser G on the toxicity of the antiparasitic
      ivermectin was evaluated in CHO and IB-RS-2 pig kidney cells. The growth of both
      cell lines was slightly slower in medium with Ultroser G than with serum.
      However, the growth of both CHO and IB-RS-2 cells exposed to 5 and 10
      micrograms/ml ivermectin decreased to a higher extent when they were maintained
      in medium with Ultroser G than with serum. The treatment with 20 micrograms/ml
      caused the death of the cells cultured with the serum substitute within 6 hr; the
      growth of CHO cells ceased after 24 hr in medium with serum, while IB-RS-2 cells
      were still slowly growing after 72 hr. The morphological changes caused by the
      drug were observed under light microscope.

PMID- 3691380
TI  - Metal-metal interactions among dietary toxic and essential trace metals in the
      rat.
AB  - Exposure to toxic and essential metals is thought to be reflected by
      corresponding metal concentrations in tissues. However, toxic and essential
      metals may influence each other in regard to their retention in the body.
      Therefore a basic diet containing four toxic metals (As 7, Cd 9, Ni 13, and Pb 20
      ppm) and adequate amounts of essential metals was fed to rats for 2 weeks. Test
      groups received the basic diet with increasing concentrations of one of the toxic
      metals (up to 90 ppm As, 180 ppm Cd, 365 ppm Ni, and 394 ppm Pb). As, Cd, Ni, Pb,
      Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn were determined by atomic emission spectroscopy in liver,
      kidney, intestine, brain, muscle, bone, skin, hair, and blood. A linear
      relationship between diet and tissue concentration is observed for As and Ni in
      the kidney, for Cd in the liver, and for Pb in the bone. In other tissues
      saturation was observed. While Cd-Fe interactions were common to most of the
      tissues, other interactions were detected only in specific tissues, e.g., As-Cu
      in the kidney, Cd-Zn in the liver, and As-Mn, Cd-Mn, or Ni-Cu in the intestine.
      Increases of renal Pb and intestinal Cd by dietary Ni, and a decrease in bone As
      by dietary Pb were the most pronounced interactions between the toxic metals. The
      results demonstrate that potential target organs for the evaluation of metal
      exposure need to be carefully analyzed for interfering metal-metal interactions.

PMID- 3691381
TI  - The effects of long-term exposure to cadmium on the small blood vessels in the
      rat uterus: a light microscopic study.
AB  - A group of female Wistar rats was exposed to 0.5 mg/kg cadmium three times a week
      for a period of 29 weeks. The cadmium was administered as the chloride in saline
      by subcutaneous injection. A second group of female Wistars was divided into a
      control group and and two experimental groups. The animals in the last two groups
      were exposed to 0.23 and 0.046 mg/kg cadmium three times a week for a period of
      82 weeks, likewise administered by subcutaneous injection, to study the long-term
      effects of cadmium on the microvasculature of the uterus. The small blood vessels
      in the myometric layer of the uteri were studied. The thickness of the media was
      analyzed and an inventory was made on the morphology of the media, of the
      endothelial layer, and of the perivascular connective tissue. A dose- and time
      related increase of the thickness of the media could be demonstrated. In the
      highest dose group, signs of perivascular inflammatory reaction could be
      observed.

PMID- 3691382
TI  - [Criteria for establishing priorities for research in health].
AB  - The author discusses the background for the idea of framing explicit policies on
      science and technology in the countries. She refers to the work of PAHO's
      Advisory Committee on Research (formerly Advisory Committee on Medical Research)
      and to statements made by governments on different occasions to the effect that
      the countries should establish their own research infrastructure. She mentions
      the basic elements and components of a national policy on science and technology,
      enunciates the principles that contribute to the establishment of a set of
      objectives, and states a number of premises that ensure the attainment of those
      objectives. She ends with some general observations on the criteria for the
      setting of priorities in health research.

PMID- 3691383
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of 2 plans of study for the career of surgeon: a
      theoretical-conceptual approach].
AB  - The authors describe a specific experiment concerning the degree of medical
      doctor and surgeon in the Zaragoza National School of Professional Studies of the
      National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNEP-Zaragoza). The experiment was
      prompted by the concurrence at a certain point of two study programs: the
      traditional one, which had been in use for a number of years, and a recently
      introduced modular program. The analysis reported in this paper was made by the
      prospective self-evaluation method devised in PAHO's Manpower Development Program
      in 1986. Results indicated that the modular program brings medical education
      closer to the ideal standard of the physician that Mexico's health services need,
      more consistently and conclusively than the traditional subject-oriented program.
      The modular program was rated more highly in 65.9% of the 41 indicators used.
      UNEP-Zaragoza is conducting two more research projects to validate the forecasts
      produced by the self-evaluation method. The results will be published in coming
      issues of this quarterly.

PMID- 3691384
TI  - [The need to teach research methodology in the career of medical surgeon].
AB  - A survey on the interest in doing medical research, present or previous
      involvement in it, and opinions on the need for a research course in the medical
      doctor and surgeon degree program was administered to 310 persons. The
      participants were divided into seven groups in accordance with their main lines
      of work: professors, administrative personnel, doctors at the primary, secondary
      and tertiary care level, residents, and medical students. The participants were
      in favor of research: 93.5% felt that they would have profited from a research
      course during their undergraduate studies and 94.8% were of the opinion that an
      introductory course in scientific research was needed in the graduate program;
      although 23.5% of the administrative personnel (a figure significantly different
      from the other groups, p less than 0.05) thought that the course was unnecessary.
      From the data obtained, the authors consider that an introductory course in
      scientific research should be included in the medical doctor and surgeon degree
      program.

PMID- 3691385
TI  - [Teaching of the scientific method in the basic training of the health
      professional].
AB  - In this article the authors explore an innovative methodological proposal for the
      teaching of research. They begin with an analysis of the overall critical
      situation, the lack of education and training in that field for health manpower,
      and the need to develop research as a scientific approach to the solution of
      problems. They also address the existing need for integrating scientific work
      with learning experiences in the health services setting, as a contribution to
      improved care and practices. On this basis, it is proposed that research should
      be included throughout the learning-teaching process as a dynamic methodological
      instrument for training people in applying the scientific method, to develop a
      critical and thoughtful attitude, and to conduct or participate in research
      projects that may help to improve the quality of life and health of the
      population. Under this view of professional training in the health area, they
      discuss some of the principles and characteristics that should be inherent in the
      teaching of research, which should be used as a unifying axis and be conducted
      from the outset of the professional training program as an ongoing, progressive,
      increasingly complex activity intimately bound up with the health services. This
      comprehensive view requires an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach
      in the development of studies which will make an important contribution in the
      quest for solutions to complex problems. For the application of the proposed
      methodology, a few essential minimum conditions must be present, including:
      training of the teaching staff to be responsible for conducting the instruction
      and practice of integrated research at different levels and in both vertical and
      horizontal directions; and the assimilation of teachers into the research process
      through practical projects, since the teacher must not be limited to a
      theoretical knowledge of the subject. However, if this proves impossible when the
      time comes to start applying the methodology, and teachers are available who
      could develop this axis, they may assume responsibility, while at the same time
      training other teachers.

PMID- 3691386
TI  - [Indicators, variables and obstacles to the life cycle of scientific and
      technical information in health. Experiences of the Centro Nacional de
      Informacion y Documentacion en Salud in Mexico].
AB  - Indicators, variables and barriers to scientific and technical health information
      have been detected and described by CENIDS in Mexico within the life cycle of the
      information production model, covering the phases of: a) generation; b)
      institutionalization; c) maintenance/development; and d)
      distribution/dissemination. Emphasis is placed on the important role that play
      social, economic, demographic, and political factors of each developing country
      to conform their ideal information life cycle. After an analysis of the existing
      Mexican situation, and a short description of CENIDS' structure, organization,
      functions and services, CENIDS' short-term and mid-term projects, and suggestions
      for further research lines to improve the current situation in Mexico are also
      given.

PMID- 3691387
TI  - [Effect of benzo(a)pyrene on soil microbiocenosis].
AB  - The experimental studies have shown that benz(a)pyrene being in the soil affects
      the formation of soil microbiocenosis and biological activity of soils.

PMID- 3691388
TI  - [Monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the aquatic environment].
AB  - A monitoring system for the carcinogenic PAH is proposed, based on the data
      analysis of their dissemination and distribution in water bodies of the Estonian
      SSR (with benz(a)pyrene as an indicator of the PAH pollution) using bottom
      sediments as test-objects. A control system for various kinds of water bodies and
      a system to evaluate a degree of PAH pollution of the water bodies have been
      proposed. The use of bottom sediments as a test-object makes this system
      universal, simple and easily available for investigations.

PMID- 3691390
TI  - [Effect of purified sewage on the composition of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic
      hydrocarbons in the soil and vegetation].
AB  - Concentrations of benz(a)pyrene (BP) and 15 other polycyclic aromatic
      hydrocarbons (PAH) in soil with forage plants (lucerne) irrigated by biologically
      purified mixed domestic and industrial (coke-chemical) sewage from collection
      pond did not exceed those in control soil (irrigated by relatively clean fresh
      water) and were lower than in nonirrigated one, which is due, probably, to PAH
      oxidation by soil-proper microflora activated in humid soil polluted by PAH. BP
      content in control and experimental samples of lucerne coincide within +/- 25%
      limits.

PMID- 3691389
TI  - [Effectiveness of the biological purification of sewage for removing carcinogenic
      polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons].
AB  - The correlation between biological purification of sewage and concentrations of
      carcinogens in it is studied. The balance between the income and outcome of
      benza(a)pyrene (BP) with water and surplus active mud of paper in aero-tanks,
      performed under both industrial and laboratory conditions is examined. It is
      demonstrated that BP is not destroyed by biological purification but is
      accumulated by the active sludge cells. Thus, the biologic purification of sewage
      prevents from pollution by carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbons, but does not
      remove these agents from the environment.

PMID- 3691391
TI  - [The use of the aquarium fishes Danio rerio and Poecilia reticulata as highly
      sensitive species for testing the carcinogenicity of chemical compounds].
AB  - Aquarium fishes Danio rerio and Poecilia reticulata are recommended as test
      objects for testing carcinogenic chemical agents. 30 compounds were tested for
      their action on these objects. The analysis of the incidence of induced tumors,
      period of their appearance and Iball index shows high sensitivity of the aquarium
      fishes to the carcinogenic action. Data are presented on the dynamics of
      experimental carcinogenesis, morphology of induced tumours, as well as on
      modifications of carcinogenesis (the role of environmental temperature, age,
      dose, exposition, etc.). Advantages and limitations of the "fish model" are
      compared with those found in the experiments carried on mammals.

PMID- 3691392
TI  - [Induction of the monooxygenase activity in fish tissues by polycyclic aromatic
      hydrocarbons and its use in the biomonitoring of water pollution].
AB  - Monooxygenase activity changes in the liver and in other tissues of certain fish
      species were studied after injection of methylcholanthrene and aminoanthracene to
      fish. Determinations of the benz(a)pyrene hydroxylase activity and activity of 7
      ethoxycoumarine 0-dealkylation in the monooxygenase system were proposed as test
      systems for the control of polycyclic hydrocarbon contents in natural and waste
      waters. The metabolic activation (Aim's test) performed by the liver microsomal
      fractions of different fish species was used for the analysis of sulfate
      cellulose industry waste waters.

PMID- 3691393
TI  - [Tumors of the gastrointestinal system in the rainbow trout].
AB  - Gastrointestinal tumours occurring in rainbow trout were investigated
      histologically and virologically. Neoplasms in stomach, medium and posterior
      intestine mainly in distal parts of these organs were found. Histologically the
      tumours are benign adenomatous polyps, differentiated adenocarcinomas, poorly
      differentiated adenocarcinomas, and poorly differentiated or entirely anaplastic
      adenocarcinomas. The last two types of tumours produced metastases into pancreas,
      pyloric caeca, and the liver. Virological investigations failed to confirm the
      presence of any oncoviral particles in these tumours. Aflatoxin analysis of fish
      foodstuffs gave negative results.

PMID- 3691394
TI  - [Characteristics of the complex effect of benzo(a)pyrene on the body after
      simultaneous administration via the respiratory organs and digestive tract].
AB  - The data on the carcinogenic activity of different benz(a)pyrene (BP) doses
      depending on the mode of administration are presented. Carcinogen was introduced
      to 418 female mice in the doses from 0.5 to 10 mg intratracheally, perorally or
      simultaneously. It is established that the complex administration of BP is more
      dangerous as compared with the intratracheal and with the peroral one, which was
      indicated by an increase of the tumour incidence and in a shortening of the
      latent period. Calculation of the contribution or a share of the complex dose
      from the isoeffective value under isolated entry of BP has shown that the
      coefficient of complex action is 0.6, that evidences for the effect of the dose
      potentiating.

PMID- 3691395
TI  - [Effect of the duration of administration of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine on its
      carcinogenic effect].
AB  - The (CBA x C57Bl)F1 female mice were treated with weekly injections of 1,2
      dimethylhydrazine (DMH) at a dose rate of 4.15 mg/kg of body weight during
      different time periods. Relations between the incidence of organ specified
      particular tumours depend on the total DMH dose. Incidence of haemoblastoses
      decreases with an increase in the DMH dose. Dose relationships of the tumour
      incidence are analyzed statistically by the method with intercurrent mortality
      corrections and carcinogen effect expressed by relations of the observed and
      expected numbers.

PMID- 3691396
TI  - [Characteristics of hepatocarcinogenesis after single exposure of synchronized
      cells of the regenerating liver to N-nitrosodiethylamine and subsequent
      administration of phenobarbital].
AB  - The frequency of tumour incidence in rats subjected to the single action of
      diethylnitrosamine to regenerating liver cells synchronized in different phases
      of the mitotic cycle was maximal in rats exposed to carcinogen when 62.5% of
      regenerating liver hepatocytes were in the S-phase. Dietary added phenobarbital
      increased the number and size of hepatocarcinomas especially in rats which
      received DENA in the G2-M phase of hepatocytes or during maximal proliferation of
      nonparenchymal cells. The role of proliferation of different cell populations in
      initiation and promotion of carcinogenesis is discussed.

PMID- 3691397
TI  - [Effect of vitamin A on the endogenous synthesis and system of N
      nitrosodimethylamine detoxication in the rat liver].
AB  - The administration of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and its endogenic synthesis
      from amidopyrine and sodium nitrite decreases in the liver the level of reduced
      glutathione, ascorbic acid, glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase
      activities, the accumulation of oxidized glutathione as well as the damage of
      DNA. The gamma-glutamyltransferase activity, the marker of carcinogenesis,
      increased. The damaging action of NDMA under the influence of vitamin A
      deficiency increased, but the vitamin excess decreased the biochemical changes in
      the liver.

PMID- 3691398
TI  - [Characteristics of the metastatic spread of transplanted tumors under high
      altitude conditions].
AB  - The data on nature of metastatic spreading of transplantable animal tumours of
      the Tien-Shan mountains at an altitude of 3200 m above sea level are reviewed. It
      is shown that the adaptation of mice with Ehrlich adenocarcinoma is followed by
      the primary tumour growth inhibition and a two-fold decrease of frequency of
      metastatic spreading into regional lymph nodes as compared with the control
      animals at sea level. In mountains the activity of metastatic spreading into
      lungs of Lewis lung carcinoma and Walker carcinosarcoma decreases. In experiments
      with (CBA x C57Bl)F1 mice-hybrids with Lewis lung carcinoma the enhancement of
      antitumour and antimetastatic effect of the cyclophosphamide is revealed under
      high-altitude hypoxia influence.

PMID- 3691399
TI  - [Antitumor and toxic effects of amotin].
AB  - An indole alkaloid isolated from Catharanthus roseus in the Soviet Union and
      named amotin differs in terpenoid moiety structure of the indole part of the
      molecule from the foreign preparation vinblastine and its Soviet analog rosevine.
      In experimental study amotin has exhibited a high antileukemic activity which was
      more expressed than that of vinblastine. Tolerant doses of amotin cause moderate
      reversible morphological alterations in hematopoietic organs, gastrointestinal
      mucosa, liver, kidney, adrenals, testes, ovaries.

PMID- 3691400
TI  - [Conjugates of amino acids with glucosamine isolated from the plasma of rats with
      Guerin carcinoma].
AB  - The conjugate of amino acids and glucosamine (glycamine) was purified to
      homogeneity from blood plasma of rats with Guerin carcinoma. The NH2-groups of
      amino acids in the glycamine are free. Amino acids are linked to glucosamine via
      carboxyl groups. 8 amino acids residues were identified in the glycamine molecule
      (Glu-2, Ser-2, Gly-3, Lys-1). Spatial atomic-molecular model of the glycamine
      molecule was developed. Two glucosamine molecules are linked to diaminosaccharide
      via (1-4)-bond, 8 amino acid molecules are linked to diaminosaccharide via 6
      ester and 2 pseudopeptide bonds.

PMID- 3691401
TI  - [Round table. GABA and neuro-psychiatric pathology. Fez (Morocco), 24-25 October
      1986. Proceedings].

PMID- 3691402
TI  - Endoscopic hemostasis by injection therapy and electro-hydro-coagulation in high
      risk patients with active gastroduodenal bleeding ulcer.
AB  - For the purpose of arresting hemorrhage from bleeding gastric or duodenal ulcers
      we developed, in 28 high-risk patients, a new method of endoscopic local
      injection of epinephrine (1:10,000) followed by electro-hydro monopolar
      coagulation and injection of Polidocanol (1%). Nine patients had signs of shock
      at the time of admission. The average blood requirements were 3.9 units in the
      first 24 hours. All patients had important factors militating against surgery,
      namely age and serious primary disease. In 26 out of 28 patients (92.8%)
      hemostasis was accomplished during endoscopy. Three patients (10.7%) rebled
      within the first 36 hours, requiring emergency surgery. Thus definitive
      hemostasis was achieved in 23 patients (82.1%). There were no complications as a
      result of endoscopic treatment.

PMID- 3691403
TI  - Color performance of video endoscopes: quantitative measurement of color
      reproduction.
AB  - We have conducted a study aimed at testing the color performance of video
      endoscopes in quantitative terms for the first time. The video endoscopes
      investigated were from Fuji, Olympus, Toshiba/Machida, and Welch-Allyn. The tests
      were carried out with an opto-electronic color analyser using standardized color
      charts and a neutral grey chart. Hue and chroma of the reproduced colors were
      measured. The Olympus video endoscope reproduces the hue very well, showing only
      slight color desaturation. The Fuji video endoscope had a yellowish tint, whereas
      the picture obtained with the WA video endoscope produced an inhomogeneous
      picture with a pronounced red/purplish cast at the top of the screen and almost
      neutral reproduction at the lower half. The Toshiba video endoscope was the only
      one with a color chip, and reproduced hue fairly well, but its colors were weakly
      saturated.

PMID- 3691404
TI  - Intracorporeal electrohydraulic shock wave lithotripsy of common bile duct
      stones: preliminary results in 7 cases.
AB  - We performed contact endobiliary electrohydraulic shock wave lithotripsy in 7
      high-risk patient with unextractable common bile duct stones after EPT. The
      lithotripsy electrode was brought into contact with the stone through a
      percutaneous transhepatic approach in 5 cases and an endoscopic route in 5 cases.
      Firing of the shock wave was performed under fluoroscopic control in 4 patients
      and under endoscopic guidance via a transhepatic percutaneous cholangioscopy in 2
      and peroral cholangioscopy in one case. Stones were fragmented in all the cases
      but one. Fragments were evacuated into the duodenum by simple lavage through the
      transhepatic drain in 5 cases, and by duodenoscopy in one. In 2 patients,
      hemobilia, which was controlled by transfusions, was observed. This type of
      percutaneous contact lithotripsy requires multiple maneuvers, which increase the
      risk and the hospital stay. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is simpler, but
      also has disadvantages. Peroral lithotripsy under endoscopic control performed
      immediately after EPT would be the most practical solution, but this technique
      implies the use of new fiberscopes and other energy supplies that are easier to
      handle.

PMID- 3691405
TI  - Biliary ascariasis combined with a villous tumor of the papilla. Diagnostic and
      therapeutic value of endoscopy.
AB  - A 64-year-old man admitted for cholangitis presented with an ascaris lumbricoides
      in the biliary duct and a villous tumor of the ampulla of Vater. ERCP revealed
      the parasite as a "rail-like" linear defect in the main bile duct, and permitted
      its extraction. The ampullary tumor was repeatedly ablated with a snare and
      finally surgically removed because of suspicion of malignancy. This is the first
      report on such an association.

PMID- 3691406
TI  - Crohn's disease associated with giant inflammatory polyposis.
AB  - We found shallow serpiginous, longitudinal ulcerations in the descending colon at
      the first examination of a 17-year-old female patient with Crohn's disease. Four
      months later at the second examination, we observed that a polypoid lesion had
      formed longitudinally in the region of the healed ulcers. The third examination,
      one year later, showed the presence of pedunculated and semi-pedunculated giant
      polyps in the descending colon. The lesion of the descending colon was removed
      surgically to cure the crampy abdominal pain caused by colonic obstruction. The
      segmental colectomy specimen showed longitudinally aligned pedunculated polyps of
      various sizes. The pathological diagnosis was inflammatory polyposis. To the best
      of our knowledge, there have been very few reports on the appearance of a number
      of pedunculated polyps such as in this case. This reports shows, through
      endoscopic pictures, the evolution of the polyp and discusses its formation.

PMID- 3691408
TI  - The role of portal hypertension in gastric erosions of cirrhotics: possibilities
      and limits.

PMID- 3691407
TI  - Gastric metaplasia of the duodenal bulb--a prospective endoscopic study.

PMID- 3691409
TI  - The ultrastructure of hamster bronchial epithelium.
AB  - The central intrapulmonary bronchi of adult male Syrian hamsters were examined by
      electron microscopy to identify the principal types and proportions of epithelial
      cells. A differential count of cells displaying both a basal lamina and luminal
      border (transepithelial cells) showed that, on average, ciliated cells
      constituted 63% and granule-containing (granulated) secretory cells 25% of the
      total. Other transepithelial cells included nongranulated secretory cells (9%),
      preciliated cells (1.5%), and indeterminate cells (1%). The most frequent
      granulated secretory cell (77% of the population) was the Clara cell. It was
      identified by the presence of prominent apical smooth endoplasmic reticulum and
      secretory granules. It was subclassified into three types based on the presence
      or absence of rough endoplasmic reticulum and on granule morphology. Mucous cells
      (little or no smooth endoplasmic reticulum but with typical mucous granules)
      constituted approximately 20% of the granulated secretory cells. Serous cells
      were very infrequent. A differential count of nucleated epithelial cells
      demonstrated an average of 2% basal cells (hemidesmosomes present) and 20%
      pseudobasal cells (hemidesmosomes absent). Neuroepithelial bodies and solitary
      "small-granule" cells were infrequent. Brush cells and apoptotic bodies were
      rarely found but are noteworthy because their occurrence in hamster airways was
      not demonstrated previously. These results provide a foundation for subsequent
      analysis of alterations of epithelial homeostasis induced by injurious agents of
      exogenous and endogenous origin.

PMID- 3691410
TI  - An ultrastructural study of the response of hamster bronchial epithelium to human
      neutrophil elastase.
AB  - The central intrapulmonary bronchi of hamsters were examined by transmission
      electron microscopy at varying times following intratracheal instillation of
      human neutrophil elastase (HNE) or its vehicle, saline. Two hours after HNE
      treatment, there was a marked irregularity of the surfaces of many nonciliated
      epithelial cells; a differential count of transepithelial cells (those with both
      a basal lamina and luminal border) demonstrated a significant decrease in the
      proportion of granule-containing (granulated) secretory cells and a corresponding
      increase in nongranulated secretory cells. By 3 days after HNE injection, the
      differential count had returned to control levels and cell surface alterations
      were less evident. By 8 days, the proportion of granulated secretory cells had
      significantly increased, while that of nongranulated secretory cells had
      decreased. Many Clara cells developed the characteristics of mucous cells so that
      mucous cells constituted 57% of the secretory cells compared to 14% for the
      saline controls. The mucous cells contained an increased number of mucous
      granules including bizarre forms never seen in controls. By day 16, the average
      mucous cell proportion had increased to 75%; the mucous cells were larger and
      contained many more secretory granules than at day 8. At no time was there
      evidence of overt cell injury or alteration of extracellular connective tissue
      due to HNE. Basal and pseudobasal cells, distinguished by the presence or absence
      of hemidesmosomes, did not change as a percentage of total nucleated epithelial
      cells. Saline had no effect on the differential cell count compared to untreated
      values. Our results indicate a strong likelihood that HNE causes early discharge
      of secretory granules and alters the phenotypic expression of Clara cells so that
      they produce abundant, often abnormal mucous granules. The mechanism of HNE
      induced disturbance of epithelial homeostasis is unknown, but the early
      irregularity of nonciliated epithelial cell surfaces may signify an important
      event in the evolution of the resultant lesion.

PMID- 3691411
TI  - Comparative study of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid: effect of species, age, and
      method of lavage.
AB  - The analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid has been used as a probe to detect
      lung injury in toxicological studies and to diagnose the disease state of the
      lung in humans. To determine how variable the content of lavage fluid from
      different species is, bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from normal individuals of
      four species (hamster, rat, guinea pig, and rabbit) were compared for enzymatic
      and cellular content as well as total protein and sialic acid. In addition,
      lavage fluid from young adult rats and hamsters was compared to that from older
      animals. Finally, the effect of the method of lavage on lavage fluid content was
      evaluated by comparing lavage fluid obtained from an excised lung with that from
      a lavage performed in vivo. In general, lavage fluids from the four species were
      similar. However, lavage fluid from guinea pigs had higher numbers of
      granulocytes and higher mean beta-glucuronidase activities than fluids from other
      species. Rats had higher mean alkaline phosphatase activities, reflecting higher
      serum values of this enzyme. Older hamsters had more protein in their lavage
      fluid than younger animals, and older rats had lower elastase inhibitory activity
      than young rats. Performing lavage in vivo, as compared to in vitro, did not
      greatly alter the lavage fluid except for a trend toward a higher level of sialic
      acid in fluid taken from the living animal.

PMID- 3691412
TI  - Pregnancy- and gender-related changes in pulmonary vascular reactivity.
AB  - Pregnancy is a state of altered pulmonary vascular reactivity, but the
      conclusions about changes in reactivity have varied with the agents or species
      chosen for study. The present study was designed as a comprehensive analysis of
      pregnancy-induced and gender-related differences in pulmonary vascular reactivity
      in one species. Using an isolated perfused feline lung preparation, the pulmonary
      vascular responses to angiotensin II, serotonin, histamine, epinephrine,
      norepinephrine, and acute hypoxia (FIO2, 8%) were compared between males,
      females, and pregnant females. Vascular reactivity (maximum response) and drug
      sensitivity (ED50) were compared using cumulative dose-response data for each
      pharmacological agent. The results demonstrate that (1) reactivity to angiotensin
      II, serotonin, epinephrine, and acute hypoxia is decreased during pregnancy,
      while the response to norepinephrine remain unchanged, (2) drug sensitivity is
      unchanged with serotonin and the catecholamines, increased with histamine, and
      decreased with angiotensin II, and (3) the responses to acute hypoxia and
      histamine have significant gender-related differences in reactivity independent
      of the changes observed during pregnancy.

PMID- 3691413
TI  - Reciprocal inhibition between seizures induced by intermittent light stimulation
      and premotor cortical stimulation in Senegalese baboons, Papio papio.
AB  - The temporal relationship between the degree of photosensitivity and the
      intensity of kindling stimulus response was examined in four Senegalese baboons,
      Papio papio, kindled at the premotor cortical area. When fully kindled, the
      intensity of photosensitivity diminished significantly in all the animals. With
      successive daily intermittent light stimulation, two animals showed partial
      recovery and the other two showed complete recovery to the prekindling level of
      photosensitivity. When premotor cortical kindling stimulation was subsequently
      reapplied, three-quarters of the animals failed to respond with kindled seizures
      and additional stimulations were necessary to reestablish kindled seizure. Two of
      these three animals also required increased stimulus intensity before the
      previously established generalized seizure threshold could be reinstated. The
      frontorolandic cortex is known as the most epileptogenic area in photosensitive
      Papio papio. In this species, spontaneous generalized convulsive seizures,
      intermittent light stimulation-induced seizures, and kindled generalized
      convulsive seizures are all known to share a common electroclinical
      phenomenology. The reciprocal inhibition observed in this study between
      generalized seizures induced by either intermittent light stimulation or by
      premotor cortical kindling stimulation further strengthens the possibility that
      they also share a common neuronal mechanism.

PMID- 3691414
TI  - Motor cortical kindling in cats: a comparison of adult cats and kittens.
AB  - We compared the establishment of motor cortex kindling by daily electrical
      stimulation in adult cats and in 4-week-old kittens. All the adult cats and
      kittens examined reached a stable state of kindled seizures. There was no
      significant difference in afterdischarge (AD) thresholds, the course of clinical
      seizure development, or the number of stimuli required for the establishment of
      kindling between adult cats and kittens. During the development of the kindling
      stage, AD frequency increased in both adult cats and kittens, although AD
      duration did not show a clear change.

PMID- 3691415
TI  - Differential effects of adenosine analogs on amygdala, hippocampus, and caudate
      nucleus kindled seizures.
AB  - This study explored the anticonvulsant effects of adenosine analogs at the focus
      of seizures kindled from various brain structures. Chemitrodes were implanted in
      the amygdala (AM), hippocampus (HIPP), or caudate nucleus (CN) of Long-Evans rats
      and electrically stimulated once daily until fully generalized seizures appeared
      (i.e., kindled). Once kindled, various doses (0.001-0.5 microgram/0.5 microliter)
      of the adenosine analogs, L-phenylisopropyladenosine (L-PIA), N
      ethylcarboximidoadenosine (NECA) or vehicle were injected into the seizure focus
      5 min prior to electrical stimulation. The afterdischarge (AD) and behavioral
      seizure stages were measured. L-PIA had potent anticonvulsant effects when
      injected directly into the kindled seizure focus in the AM, HIPP, or CN. NECA
      effects were statistically significant only in CN-kindled seizures. The regional
      differences in efficacy of the two adenosine analogs suggest that L-PIA, an A1
      adenosine subtype agonist, may exert its effects through A1 adenosine receptors
      in the AM, HIPP, and CN, where A1 binding has been demonstrated, whereas NECA, an
      A2 adenosine receptor agonist, may only be maximally effective in the CN where A2
      adenosine binding sites are located.

PMID- 3691416
TI  - A new experimental model for drug studies: effects of phenobarbital and phenytoin
      on photosensitivity in the lateral geniculate-kindled cat.
AB  - Photosensitivity was acquired as a result of kindling in the lateral geniculate
      body (GL), and the GL-kindled cat pretreated with DL-allylglycine showed a stable
      level of photosensitivity. To test the usefulness as a model for the evaluation
      of anticonvulsant drugs, the effects of phenobarbital (PB) and phenytoin (PHT) on
      photosensitivity were studied in the GL-kindled cat under DL-allylglycine. PB (5
      and 10 mg/kg intravenously, i.v.) completely suppressed photically induced
      seizures in most subjects at plasma concentrations of 7-16 micrograms/ml, and
      this anticonvulsant action persisted for at least 4 h after the injection. PHT
      (15 mg/kg, i.v.) at plasma concentrations of 9-15 micrograms/ml produced toxic
      signs, e.g., pupil dilatation, hypersalivation, and tachypnea. At this dose, PHT
      was inactive against photically induced myoclonus but prevented the elicitation
      of a generalized tonic-clonic convulsion. From these results showing that the
      effects of anticonvulsant drugs on photically induced seizures can be assessed in
      relation to plasma concentration and acute neurologic toxicity, we suggest that
      the GL-kindled cat is a potentially useful animal model of epilepsy for testing
      the efficacy of anticonvulsant drugs.

PMID- 3691417
TI  - Effect of zonisamide (CI-912) on a synaptic system model.
AB  - The effect of the experimental antiepileptic drug zonisamide (1,2-benzisoxazole-3
      methanesulfonamide, ZNS) on the trigeminal complex of cats was compared with the
      effect of established antiepileptic drugs. Intravenous administration of 10-40
      mg/kg ZNS significantly depresses descending excitatory mechanisms, as well as
      segmental and descending inhibitory mechanisms, but has only a minor effect on
      segmental excitatory mechanisms. This spectrum of activity is similar to that of
      valproate, and suggests that ZNS should also be a broad-spectrum antiepileptic
      drug. In agreement with our experimental observations, it has been found that ZNS
      is effective against complex partial, generalized tonic clonic, and myoclonic
      seizures. The antiepileptic profile of ZNS in conventional screening tests
      resembles that of carbamazepine (CBZ) and phenytoin. However, CBZ exacerbates
      rather than prevents myoclonic seizures. Our experimental model thus provides a
      more accurate prediction of ZNS's clinical spectrum of activity. The relationship
      of these findings to the mechanism of action of antiepileptic drugs is discussed.

PMID- 3691418
TI  - Quantitative determination of phenytoin and phenobarbital in capillary blood by
      Ames Seralyzer.
AB  - We evaluated the use of serum obtained from capillary blood specimens with the
      Seralyzer ARIS (AMES Division Miles Laboratories) assay for phenytoin (PHT) and
      phenobarbital (PB). The Ames Seralyzer method is capable of measuring PHT and PB
      concentrations in 10 microliter of serum. Therefore, it may be used to measure
      concentrations of these drugs in small blood samples, such as obtained by skin
      puncture and capillary tube collection. In this study, simultaneous venous and
      capillary samples were obtained from 90 patients with epilepsy. Seralyzer results
      were compared with serum values from venous blood determined with a gas
      chromatographic (GC) method. Comparison of PHT values obtained by Seralyzer (Ys)
      versus GC by linear regression gave the equation: Ys = 0.36 + 0.88 X (r2 = 0.93,
      n = 63). The mean difference between the Seralyzer and GC was -0.96 micrograms/ml
      (p less than 0.001). For PB, the equation was: Ys = -0.53 + 1.07 X (r2 = 0.93, n
      = 31) with a mean difference of +1.28 micrograms/ml (p = 0.02).

PMID- 3691420
TI  - Carbamazepine's place in antiepileptic drug therapy. Proceedings of a symposium.
      St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, May 22 and 23, 1987.

PMID- 3691421
TI  - How to initiate and maintain carbamazepine therapy in children and adults.
AB  - Appropriate use of carbamazepine for the treatment of epilepsy is based on
      correct identification of the patient's seizure type. Carbamazepine is effective
      against partial seizures and against generalized tonic clonic seizures. Therapy
      should begin gradually, with initial doses increased slowly over 1 or 2 weeks, as
      tolerated. Side effects include fatigue, dizziness, ataxia, double vision,
      nausea, and vomiting. Most practitioners agree that, because of carbamazepine's
      relatively short half-life, the total dosage should be administered in at least
      two divided doses. This avoids too high a peak blood level that would occur with
      a single dose. Carbamazepine therapy is associated with the development of two
      hematologic conditions. Leukopenia, which may be transient or persistent,
      requires careful monitoring but is not cause for immediate discontinuation of
      therapy. Aplastic anemia occurs rarely but is potentially fatal, and therefore
      diligent monitoring of hematologic function is indicated. Aplastic anemia is an
      idiosyncratic, non-dose-related side effect that is most likely to occur within
      the first 3 or 4 months of initiating therapy. Once seizures are controlled,
      plasma levels of carbamazepine should be measured to establish optimum levels for
      individual patients being treated with this drug.

PMID- 3691419
TI  - Recent studies of the epidemiology of epilepsy in developing countries: a
      coordinated program for prevention and control.

PMID- 3691422
TI  - Diagnostic difficulties and treatment implications.
AB  - Differentiation between types of epileptic seizures has been aided in recent
      years by the introduction of intensive neurodiagnostic techniques and the
      development of increasingly detailed classification systems. Paradoxically, these
      developments have not simplified the task of matching the appropriate
      antiepileptic drug to a particular seizure type. It is reasonable to assume that
      anticonvulsant drugs will have different effects on different types of seizures,
      but faulty, circular reasoning can enter the picture if one also assumes that
      responses of seizures to different drugs signify different seizure types. There
      are several examples of differential diagnoses that can fall prey to this
      problem, including the diagnosis between partial seizures with secondary
      generalization and generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and the diagnosis between
      complex partial seizures and absence seizures with automatisms, among others.
      Considerations of etiology in future classification systems can further
      complicate the problem: should one then choose an anticonvulsant drug on the
      basis of individual seizure type or on the basis of the type of epilepsy?
      Ramifications of this issue extend even to the drug approval process. Official
      sanction is not given for use of a drug for a seizure type not included in the
      original efficacy studies, even if later scientific evidence shows that seizure
      type to be related to a type that is included. New trials must be undertaken.
      These problems arise from how we choose to classify seizures.

PMID- 3691423
TI  - The role of biomarkers in reproductive and developmental toxicology. January 12
      12,1987, Washington D. C.

PMID- 3691424
TI  - The role of biomarkers in reproductive and developmental toxicology.
AB  - A massive outbreak of methylmercury poisoning took place in the winter of 1971
      1972 due to the consumption of homemade bread contaminated with a methylmercury
      fungicide. The longitudinal analysis of the mother's head hair, collected after
      delivery of the baby, provided a means of recapitulating exposure to
      methylmercury during pregnancy. Methylmercury is incorporated into newly formed
      hair at a concentration that is proportional to the simultaneous concentration in
      blood. Since hair grows at a rate of approximately 1 cm/month, longitudinal
      analysis of the hair strand, centimeter by centimeter, will give a month by month
      recapitulation of blood levels. Depending on the length of the hair strand, it is
      possible to recapitulate several years of exposure. Using longitudinal hair
      analysis, it was possible to compare the methylmercury levels in the mother
      during pregnancy with the severity and frequency of effects in her offspring. As
      in the previous incidents, high levels of prenatal exposure led to severe brain
      damage. However, it was also possible to identify milder effects of methylmercury
      as manifested by delayed development. It was possible to demonstrate a dose
      effect and dose-response relationship between the maximum concentration of
      methylmercury in maternal hair during pregnancy and evidence of delayed
      development and mild neurological abnormalities in the offspring. These
      relationships provided quantitative evidence that the developing nervous system
      is more susceptible to damage than the mature brain.

PMID- 3691425
TI  - Biological markers of male reproductive toxicology.
AB  - Reproduction is a complex, stepwise series of processes that begins with
      gametogenesis, continues through gamete interaction, implantation, embryonic
      development, growth, parturition, and postnatal adaptation, and is completed with
      the development and sexual maturation of the newly formed organism. These
      reproductive processes do not take place in a chemically pristine environment,
      but rather in an environment increasingly contaminated with the products and by
      products of the chemical age in which we live. Some environmental pollutants are
      known to be carcinogenic, mutagenic, or toxic to the reproductive system, but
      most have not been adequately tested for reproductive toxicity. Just as
      reproduction is complex, biological mechanisms underlying toxicology are
      similarly complex and involve absorption, distribution, metabolism (toxification
      and/or detoxification), excretion, and repair. The synthesis of these sciences
      into the relatively nascent science of reproductive toxicology includes
      teratology, pharmacology, epidemiology, and occupational and environmental
      health. Female reproductive function (especially pregnancy outcome) has
      historically been the focus of attention, but there is increasing interest in the
      effects of chemical exposure on male reproductive function. Several reports have
      documented the physiology, biochemistry, and toxicology of male mammalian
      reproduction, and evaluated susceptibility of the male to the effects of
      exogenous chemicals.

PMID- 3691426
TI  - Biomarkers in neurodevelopmental toxicology.

PMID- 3691427
TI  - Assessing the effects of metabolism of environmental agents on cancer tumor
      development by a two-stage model of carcinogenesis.
AB  - By combining the Michaelis-Menten kinetics of metabolism with the two-stage model
      of Moolgavkar and Knudson (1981) and the extended two-stage model of
      carcinogenesis proposed by Tan and Gastardo (1985), this paper proceeds to
      investigate the effects of metabolism of carcinogens on cancer tumor development.
      It is shown that the nonlinear kinetics of metabolism of carcinogens affect the
      dose-response relationship mainly through the mutation rates. If the initiator is
      affected by metabolism, then the metabolism of promoters has very little or
      negligible effects of the expected incidences and the number of tumors.

PMID- 3691428
TI  - Estimation of the time component in the movement of chemicals in contaminated
      groundwater.
AB  - For a proper analysis of the potentially causal relationship between exposure to
      volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) in drinking water and health events, it is
      essential to know T1, the time when exposure started, and C = f(T), which is the
      change of the VOC concentration C as a function of time T and the total
      accumulated exposure (TAE) to VOCs to which an individual was exposed. In the
      typical situation of incidentally detected pollution of groundwater, no such
      information is available. This paper describes the development of a method for
      estimating T1, C = f(T), and TAE as part of an epidemiologic study of the health
      effects of VOC contamination of an aquifer serving public and private wells.
      Pooled test results of city wells, tested periodically since 1981, provided the
      data base for developing a statistical model for estimating C = f(T). This model
      was then applied to private wells, for which the data of only one water sample
      were available, to retrospectively estimate their T1. The best-fitting model was
      a multiple linear regression equation consisting of the natural logarithm of the
      VOC concentration as the response variable, with the time of sampling, the
      distance of the wells from the source (expressed as coordinates), the well depth,
      and the well capacity as determinants. The TAE was calculated by integrating the
      area under the time-concentration curve.

PMID- 3691429
TI  - In vitro absorption of some o-phthalate diesters through human and rat skin.
AB  - The absorption of undiluted phthalate diesters [dimethyl phthalate (DMP),
      diethylphthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
      (DEHP)] has been measured in vitro through human and rat epidermal membranes.
      Epidermal membranes were set up in glass diffusion cells and their permeability
      to tritiated water measured to establish the integrity of the skin before the
      phthalate esters were applied to the epidermal surface. Absorption rates for each
      phthalate ester were determined and a second tritiated water permeability
      assessment made to quantify any irreversible alterations in barrier function due
      to contact with the esters. Rat skin was consistently more permeable to phthalate
      esters than the human skin. As the esters became more lipophilic and less
      hydrophilic, the rate of absorption was reduced. Contact with the esters caused
      little change in the barrier properties of human skin, but caused marked
      increases in the permeability to water of rat skin. Although differences were
      noted between species, the absolute rates of absorption measured indicate that
      the phthalate esters are slowly absorbed through both human and rat skin.

PMID- 3691430
TI  - Comparative results of 327 chemical carcinogenicity studies.
AB  - The National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the National Toxicology Program (NTP)
      have carried out a number of laboratory animal carcinogenicity studies and
      presented the results of these experiments in a series of Technical Reports. This
      paper tabulates the results of the 327 NCI/NTP studies carried out to date on 308
      distinct chemicals, and discusses certain issues relevant to the evaluation of
      carcinogenicity in these experiments. This compilation of results from NCI/NTP
      carcinogenicity experiments provides a large database that can be used to study
      structure-activity correlations, interspecies concordance, and associations
      between laboratory animal carcinogenicity and other toxicological effects.

PMID- 3691431
TI  - Second chronological supplement to the Carcinogenic Potency Database:
      standardized results of animal bioassays published through December 1984 and by
      the National Toxicology Program through May 1986.
AB  - This paper is the second chronological supplement to the Carcinogenic Potency
      Database, published earlier in this journal (1,2,4). We report here results of
      carcinogenesis bioassays published in the general literature between January 1983
      and December 1984, and in Technical Reports of the National Cancer
      Institute/National Toxicology Program between January 1983 and May 1986. This
      supplement includes results of 525 long-term, chronic experiments of 199 test
      compounds, and reports the same information about each experiment in the same
      plot format as the earlier papers: e.g., the species and strain of test animal,
      the route and duration of compound administration, dose level and other aspects
      of experimental protocol, histopathology and tumor incidence, TD50 (carcinogenic
      potency) and its statistical significance, dose response, author's opinion about
      carcinogenicity, and literature citation. We refer the reader to the 1984
      publications for a description of the numerical index of carcinogenic potency
      (TD50), a guide to the plot of the database, and a discussion of the sources of
      data, the rationale for the inclusion of particular experiments and particular
      target sites, and the conventions adopted in summarizing the literature. The
      three plots of the database are to be used together, since results of experiments
      published in earlier plots are not repeated. Taken together, the three plots
      include results for more than 3500 experiments on 975 chemicals. Appendix 14 is
      an index to all chemicals in the database and indicates which plot(s) each
      chemical appears in.

PMID- 3691432
TI  - Biological markers in environmental health research. Committee on Biological
      Markers of the National Research Council.

PMID- 3691433
TI  - Biological assessments in female reproductive toxicology.

PMID- 3691435
TI  - Conference commemorating the twentieth anniversary of NIEHS and the centennial of
      NIH. The environment and human health: achievement and new directions. December 3
      5, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

PMID- 3691434
TI  - Kinetic assessment of manganese using magnetic resonance imaging in the dually
      perfused human placenta in vitro.
AB  - The transfer and distribution of paramagnetic manganese was investigated in the
      dually perfused human placenta in vitro (using 10, 20, 100 microM Mn with and
      without 54Mn) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and conventional
      radiochemical techniques. The human placenta concentrated 54Mn rapidly during the
      first 15 min of perfusion and by 4 hr was four times greater than the
      concentrations of Mn in the maternal perfusate, while the concentration of Mn in
      the fetal perfusate was 25% of the maternal perfusate levels. Within placentae,
      45% of the 54Mn was free in the 100,000g supernatant, with 45% in the 1,000g
      pellet. The magnetic field dependence of proton nuclear spin-lattice relaxation
      time (T1) in placental tissue supports this Mn binding. Mn primarily affected the
      MRI partial saturation rather than spin-echo images of the human placenta, which
      provided for the separation of perfusate contributions from those produced by Mn.
      The washout of the Mn from the placenta was slow compared with its uptake, as
      determined by MRI. Thus, Mn was concentrated by the human placenta, but transfer
      of Mn across the placenta was limited in either direction. These studies also
      illustrate the opportunity for studies of human placental function using magnetic
      resonance imaging as a noninvasive biomarker.

PMID- 3691436
TI  - Toxic effects in C57B1/6 and DBA/2 mice following consumption of halogenated
      aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated Great Lakes coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch
      Walbaum).
AB  - Diets containing coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch Walbaum) from the Pacific
      Ocean or from Lakes Erie, Michigan, and Ontario [containing a gradation from low
      to high of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, (HAHs)] were fed to C57B1/6 and
      DBA/2 mice. Following a 4-month dietary exposure to Lake Ontario salmon, both
      strains of mice demonstrated hepatomegaly. The ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (ERR)
      enzyme levels were elevated in livers of C57B1/6 mice fed diets of salmon from
      all of the Great Lakes studied, with exceptionally high levels detected in
      C57B1/6 mice fed Lake Ontario salmon. Induction of ERR enzyme levels was detected
      in DBA/2 mice only following dietary exposure to Lake Ontario salmon. Serum
      levels of L-thyroxine (T4) and triiodo-L-thryonine (T3) were suppressed in
      C57B1/6 mice following consumption of Lake Ontario coho salmon, but T3 and T4
      levels remained unchanged in DBA/2 mice. In general, pathobiological effects
      correlated with both dietary HAH exposure level and Ah receptor status.

PMID- 3691438
TI  - Upper Ottawa street landfill site health study.
AB  - This report describes the design and conduct of two sequential historical
      prospective morbidity surveys of workers and residents from the Upper Ottawa
      Street Landfill Site in Hamilton, Ontario. The workers study was carried out
      first and was a hypothesis-generating study. Workers and controls were
      administered a health questionnaire, which was followed by an assessment of
      recall bias through medical chart abstraction. Multiple criteria were used to
      identify health problems associated with landfill site exposure. Those problems
      with highest credibility included clusters of respiratory, skin, narcotic, and
      mood disorders. These formed the hypothesis base in the subsequent health study
      of residents living adjacent to the landfill site. In that study, the association
      between mood, narcotic, skin, and respiratory conditions with landfill site
      exposure was confirmed using the following criteria: strength of association;
      consistency with the workers study; risk gradient by duration of residence and
      proximity to the landfill; absence of evidence that less healthy people moved to
      the area; specificity; and the absence of recall bias. The validity of these
      associations were reduced by three principal problems: the high refusal rate
      among the control population; socioeconomic status differences between the study
      groups; and the fact that the conditions found in excess were imprecisely defined
      and potentially interchangeable with other conditions. Offsetting these problems
      were the multiple criteria used to assess each hypothesis, which were applied
      according to present rules. Evidence is presented that supports the hypothesis
      that vapors, fumes, or particulate matter emanating from the landfill site, as
      well as direct skin exposure, may have lead to the health problems found in
      excess. Evidence is also presented supporting the hypothesis that perception of
      exposure and, therefore, of risk, may explain the results of the study. However,
      based on the analyses performed, it is the conclusion of the authors that the
      adverse effects seen were more likely the result of chemical exposure than of
      perception of risk.

PMID- 3691437
TI  - Crystallin genes: lens specificity of the murine alpha A-crystallin gene.
AB  - The abundant soluble proteins of the eye lens, the crystallins, are encoded by
      several gene families which are developmentally regulated in the embryonic lens.
      We have studied the expression of the murine alpha A-crystallin gene.
      Transfection experiments using the pSVO-CAT vector and explanted lens epithelia
      from embryonic chickens demonstrated proximal (-88 to -60) and distal (-111 to 
      85) regulatory sequences which interact when the alpha A-crystallin promoter is
      activated in the lens cells. Transgenic mouse experiments showed that the
      sequence between positions -366 to +46 of the alpha A-crystallin promoter can
      drive foreign genes selectively in the lens. A fusion gene consisting of this
      alpha A-crystallin promoter sequence and the T-antigen gene of SV40 produced a
      lens tumor in transgenic mice. Thus, crystallin promoters provide a useful model
      for tissue-specific gene expression and permit targeting the expression of
      foreign genes to a highly differentiated tissue during development.

PMID- 3691439
TI  - The use of biochemical assays in epidemiologic studies of reproduction.
AB  - Recent progress in the assay of urinary hormones has opened new opportunities for
      epidemiologists to study hormones and health outcomes. This is especially true
      for studies of female reproduction. The cyclic nature of female reproduction can
      be fully described only by continuous frequent measurements that, in order to be
      practical, require easily collected biological specimens. We describe our
      experience in collecting and analyzing daily urine specimens from 301 healthy
      women. We conclude that this approach is not only feasible but potentially of
      great value to epidemiologists for studying fertility, early pregnancy, the
      effects of toxic exposures on reproduction, and the relationships between
      reproduction and later risk of chronic diseases.

PMID- 3691440
TI  - Time trends of tobacco smoking, air pollution, and lung cancer in Athens.
AB  - Athens is a city with a serious air pollution problem which has existed for more
      than 20 years. To evaluate whether air pollution has affected lung cancer
      incidence (and hence, mortality) in the population of Athens we have compared
      standardized lung mortality between Athens and the rest of Greece taking into
      account the tobacco consumption trends in the respective populations and varying
      the postulated latency between 0 and 20 years. There is no evidence for an
      independent or interactive (with tobacco smoking) effect of air pollution on lung
      cancer mortality; the tobacco-adjusted mortality appears, if anything, lower in
      Athens than in the rest of Greece and the slopes of lung cancer mortality on
      tobacco consumption are almost identical in Athens and in the rest of Greece. By
      contrast, the same data are compatible with a strong effect of tobacco smoking on
      lung cancer mortality, an effect which appears to involve not only the early
      carcinogenic stages but also some of the later ones. The results of the present
      analysis do not support the hypothesis that air pollution, at least in Athens
      until 1980, has increased the incidence of lung cancer to an extent large enough
      to be detectable in ecological correlation analyses. Nevertheless the inherent
      limitations of these methods indicate that their results should be interpreted
      with caution and only as a step toward the gradual understanding of a complex
      issue.

PMID- 3691442
TI  - Pulmonary function responses of older men and women to NO2.
AB  - The pulmonary function of eight men and eight women (51 to 76 years of age), all
      non-smokers, was measured before and after 2-hr exposures to filtered air (FA)
      and 0.60 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The subjects alternated 20-min periods of
      rest and 20-min periods of cycle ergometer exercise at a work load predetermined
      to elicit a ventilatory minute volume (VE) of approximately 25 liter/min.
      Functional residual capacity was determined pre- and postexposure. Forced vital
      capacity was determined preexposure and 5 min after each exercise period. VE was
      measured during the last 2 min of each exercise period, and heart rate was
      monitored throughout each exposure. The pulmonary function data were evaluated as
      the percentage change from pre- to postexposure to partially remove the effect of
      differences between men and women in absolute lung volume. There were no
      statistically significant (P greater than 0.05) differences between the responses
      of men and women to FA or NO2 exposure. There were no significant (P greater than
      0.05) changes in any variable consequent to FA or NO2 exposure. Our older
      subjects had responses to NO2 exposure similar to those of young adults,
      suggesting that, at least for healthy people, exposure to 0.60 ppm NO2 has little
      effect.

PMID- 3691441
TI  - A study of respiratory effects from exposure to 2.0 ppm formaldehyde in
      occupationally exposed workers.
AB  - It has been suggested that exposure to formaldehyde (FA) induces asthmatic
      symptomatology. We have previously studied healthy and asthmatic individuals and
      found that lung function was unaltered by controlled exposures to 2.0 ppm FA with
      and without mild exercise. Our present study extends these observations to a
      group of hospital laboratory workers routinely exposed to FA. Fifteen laboratory
      workers were exposed in double-blind, random sequence to 0 and 2 ppm FA for 40
      min in an environmental chamber with temperature and relative humidity held
      constant at 23 degrees C and 50%, respectively. These exposures were repeated on
      two more occasions with a 10-min exercise regimen (450 kpm/min) after being in
      the chamber 5 min. In addition, a symptom diary and measurements of peak
      expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were recorded for 24 hr after exposure. Lung function
      remained unaltered for all 4 exposure days; e.g., mean FEV1.0 for the group did
      not change by more than 3% at any testing time on any exposure day. Also, there
      were no delayed obstructive changes as measured by PEFR recordings. Symptoms were
      mild and transient with unusual odor and eye irritation the most frequent
      complaint. No lower airway symptoms were reported. We conclude that this group of
      healthy laboratory workers did not experience any acute or delayed lung function
      changes from exposure to 2.0 ppm FA at rest and with exercise and that irritative
      symptoms were few.

PMID- 3691444
TI  - In vitro interactions between pulmonary macrophages and respirable particles.
AB  - Pulmonary alveolar macrophage cells (PAM) are an important component of the
      pulmonary response to particles deposited in the deep lung. To more fully
      characterize the interactions between macrophages and particulate materials, a
      correlative light and electron microscopic technique was developed that allowed
      light microscopic identification of individual cell viability after in vitro
      particle exposure, followed by scanning and transmission electron microscopic
      analyses of specific PAM, including surface morphology, X-ray microanalytic
      evaluation of particle content, and internal cellular structure. Individual cell
      viability, particle content, and morphologic alterations were evaluated for three
      particle types: Ni3S2, TiO2, and glass beads. Cell death and stages of cell
      disruption including bleb cluster formation, loss of surface features, formation
      of membrane tears and holes, and cell degranulation correlated with Ni3S2 and
      TiO2 content. Glass beads were not associated with cell disruption or viability
      reduction. Correlative microscopic techniques were essential in describing
      particle-dependent effects on an individual cell basis.

PMID- 3691443
TI  - Dose-response curves for erythrocyte protoporphyrin vs blood lead: effects of
      iron status.
AB  - An increase in erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EP) is one of the most useful
      indicators of adverse biological response to lead exposure. A nonlinear
      mathematical model relating EP to blood lead concentration (PbB) was fitted to
      data in a sample of 1677 U.S. children (ages 2-6 years) in the Second National
      Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II). Iron status was defined by
      percentage transferrin saturation (PTS). The dose-response curves for EP vs PbB
      increased systematically with decreasing PTS, largely due to decrease of a
      parameter proportional to red cell lead-holding capacity with decreasing PTS.

PMID- 3691445
TI  - Pulmonary phospholipidosis in rats respiring air containing diesel particulates.
AB  - Rats chronically exposed to diesel particulates (dp) or given intratracheally a
      single dose of dp show increased levels of phospholipids in the lungs and in
      pulmonary lavage fluid. Pulmonary phospholipidosis is accompanied by increased
      lecithin levels and by increased palmitate content in lecithin of both lungs and
      pulmonary lavage fluid. A de novo increase of pulmonary and hepatic phospholipid
      (PL) formation was detected 5 days after rats were treated with dp. We
      hypothesize that a dp-stressed lung releases a pulmonary lipogenic factor (PLF),
      which stimulates hepatic lipogenesis. This was further tested by an in vitro
      study in which primary cultures of free hepatocytes were incubated with [2
      14C]acetate and various molecular weight fractions of a pulmonary homogenate from
      rats. The results from these studies indicated that in rat lung homogenates a PLF
      exists of greater than 100,000 Da molecular mass. The results also indicate that
      respired air containing a dp concentration of greater than 750 micrograms dp/m3
      of air would result in a mild phospholipidosis in the lung, whereas a dp dose in
      respired air of 250 micrograms dp/m3 of air for 2 years did not alter pulmonary
      PL content in rats.

PMID- 3691447
TI  - Alveolar macrophage abnormalities in rabbits exposed to low concentrations of
      trivalent chromium.
AB  - Rabbits were exposed by inhalation to a trivalent chromium compound (Cr(NO3)3) at
      a mean chromium concentration of 0.6 or 2.3 mg/m3 for about 4 months, 5 days/week
      and 6 hr/day. Light microscopic examination of the lungs revealed that both
      chromium levels induced a nodular intraalveolar accumulation of enlarged
      macrophages with granular, eosinophilic cytoplasm. Some macrophages were
      multinucleated and some showed advanced degenerative changes with disruption of
      cellular borders and nuclear pyknosis. The changes were most prominent in rabbits
      exposed to the high concentration and were in some areas associated with a mild
      interstitial infiltration of lymphocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils. Electron
      microscopic examination of macrophages lavaged from the lungs revealed numerous
      enlarged lysosomes with membranous structures, distinct rounded inclusions, which
      by X-ray microanalysis were found to contain high amounts of chromium, and
      increased numbers of laminated inclusions probably representing ingested
      surfactant. The number of macrophages with a smooth surface was significantly
      increased. The macrophages in the lung tissue showed the same changes and in
      addition nodules of multinucleated "giant" cells were found. Morphometric
      estimation of the volume density of the type II cells did not reveal any
      significant differences between controls and rabbits exposed to the high
      concentration of chromium. In spite of the elevated number of laminated
      structures in the macrophages the amounts of phosphatidylcholine and 1,2
      dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine were not significantly increased in the lung. This
      indicates a reduced catabolism of surfactant by the alveolar macrophages.

PMID- 3691446
TI  - Effect of methylmercury on egg and juvenile viability in two populations of
      killifish Fundulus heteroclitus.
AB  - Killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) eggs from a polluted creek (Piles Creek (PC))
      and a relatively pristine estuary in Long Island (LI) were exposed for 20 min to
      various concentrations of methylmercuric chloride (MeHg) prior to combination
      with untreated sperm. PC killifish eggs showed a higher LC50 value (1.7 mg/liter)
      than LI eggs (0.7 mg/liter). PC eggs that were fertilized by nontreated sperm
      after exposure to 1.0 or 2.5 mg/liter meHg and then placed in clean sea water (15
      parts per thousand) for 1 week showed a 5 and 7% malformations of the embryos,
      respectively. However, exposure of LI eggs to 1.0 mg/liter prior to fertilization
      caused 32% malformations of the embryos, and at 2.5 mg/liter almost all the
      embryos died. The data indicate that LI killifish eggs are less tolerant to meHg
      than PC eggs. This is in keeping with previous data on embryonic tolerance to
      meHg in these two populations. However, 96-hr LC50 values of juvenile fish (25-45
      mm standard length) did not differ between these two populations.

PMID- 3691448
TI  - Effect of repeated exposures to nitrogen dioxide and sulfuric acid mist alone or
      in combination on mucociliary clearance from the lungs of rabbits.
AB  - The biological response to ambient air pollution may be a function of specific
      combinations of pollutants. Groups of rabbits were exposed to NO2 (0.3 ppm or 1
      ppm) with and without H2SO4 (0.5 mg/m3) for 2 hr/day for up to 14 days for
      assessment of effects upon mucociliary clearance of tracer particles from the
      tracheobronchial tree. Exposure to NO2 did not alter clearance, while exposure to
      H2SO4 produced a retardation toward the middle of the exposure series. The
      combination of 0.3 ppm NO2 with H2SO4 resulted in a speeding of clearance, while
      no change from control was seen with the mixture employing 1 ppm NO2 with acid.
      These results emphasize the importance of performing studies with pollutant
      mixtures, since it is not always possible to extrapolate responses from studies
      examining effects of individual pollutants.

PMID- 3691449
TI  - Enzyme induction in rat lung and liver by condensates and fractions from main
      stream and side-stream cigarette smoke.
AB  - Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and dimethylnitrosamine demethylase (DMND)
      activities in pulmonary and hepatic tissues of male Sprague-Dawley rats were
      assayed following pretreatment with known inducers (benzo[a]pyrene, 3
      methylcholanthrene, Aroclor 1254, phenobarbital) and with main-stream (MS) and
      side-stream (SS) cigarette smoke condensates and their related fractions.
      Biochemical assays by spectrophotofluorimetry (AHH activity) and
      spectrophotometry (DMND activity) and by a biological assay (Ames test) were
      performed to detect AHH and DMND induction. Ames test proved to be much less
      sensitive than the spectrophotofluorimetric analysis for AHH determination. Both
      main-stream and side-stream cigarette smoke condensates and some fractions,
      containing water-soluble bases, water-insoluble bases, and polycyclic aromatic
      hydrocarbons, were found to induce AHH activity in lung and liver, the lung being
      induced to the greatest extent. The highest levels of AHH inducibility were found
      for the SS-smoke condensate and related fractions. In particular, the insoluble
      bases fractions gave the highest induction. On the contrary, pulmonary DMND
      activity was not affected by pretreatment with the same materials, while hepatic
      DMND response was only minimally induced by Aroclor and phenobarbital treatment.

PMID- 3691450
TI  - A mathematical model of the penetration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
      through the bronchial lining layer.
AB  - The enhanced carcinogenicity of particle-associated polycyclic aromatic
      hydrocarbons (PAHs) has previously been explained by their prolonged retention in
      the lung due to the slow release of these substances from their carrier
      particles. However, the mathematical model presented here indicates that the
      lipid-aqueous heterogenic structure of the bronchial lining layer (BLL) in itself
      may constitute the major rate-determining step in the overall transport of PAHs
      from carrier particles to the bronchial epithelium. Conditions within the BLL are
      then as important for the resulting cellular burdens of PAHs in the lung as are
      the properties of the carrier particles for these hydrocarbons. Thus, in addition
      to other vital functions in the respiratory tract, the lipids in lung surfactant
      can also be important in protecting the lung from the action of lipophilic
      carcinogens.

PMID- 3691451
TI  - Impact of symptoms and aging attribution on emotions and coping.
AB  - Two experimental studies and a large field study were designed to examine how
      symptom severity, symptom duration, symptom ambiguity, and the association of
      symptoms with aging affected emotional responses and coping with illness threats.
      In Study 1, 280 respondents from the surrounding community reported the emotional
      and coping responses they would manifest to scenarios that varied the severity,
      duration, and ambiguity (i.e., labeled vs. unlabeled) of a common set of
      symptoms. Severity had more of an impact on coping strategies than did duration
      or illness label; severe symptoms elicited stronger emotional upset and a higher
      incidence of both self-care behaviors and seeking of medical care. Symptoms of
      longer duration also resulted in increased seeking of medical care. Responses of
      the 334 adults participating in Study 2 replicated and extended these findings: A
      closed-ended item asking participants whether the symptoms could be attributed to
      aging showed that attribution of symptoms to aging increased with age, was more
      frequent for mild symptoms, and was associated with reduced emotional response to
      symptoms and a tendency to delay seeking treatment. Participants in the field
      study (168 patients seeking medical care for a variety of symptoms) completed
      interviews tracing symptom processing and emotional and coping reactions. The
      results provided evidence for the external validity of the scenario studies, as
      the attribution of symptoms to aging was greater for older than younger patients
      and resulted in a significant tendency to delay seeking medical care. Results of
      these studies suggest that symptom experience and symptom interpretation must be
      considered in the study of coping responses to illness threats.

PMID- 3691452
TI  - Concepts of health and illness: different constructs or variations on a theme?
AB  - Although health and illness concepts are thought to be important mediators of
      health and illness behaviors, little work has been done examining health
      concepts, and no research has examined the two conceptual structures
      simultaneously. This study examined concepts of health and illness in 218
      adolescents between the ages of 11 and 18 years. Results were consistent with the
      hypothesis that concepts of health and illness are not opposite ends of a single
      health dimension, but reflect different and overlapping constructs. The degree of
      overlap varied as a function of age, with health concepts showing less emphasis
      on "the absence of illness" with greater maturity. The results suggest that
      models of health behavior that focus on illness avoidance neglect many components
      of health salient to lay persons.

PMID- 3691453
TI  - Effects of chronic unemployment and acute psychological stress on sexual arousal
      in men.
AB  - Effects on sexual arousal of unemployment and acute stress were studied in men.
      Ten unemployed (high-chronic-stress) and 9 employed (low-chronic-stress) men were
      exposed to two erotic videotapes in the laboratory. Acute stress was induced by
      telling the men that they would have to give a talk on their own sexual behavior
      and fantasies. Half the men were told about the talk before seeing either erotic
      tape, the other half were told in between the two erotic tapes. Cardiovascular
      measures confirmed the stressful nature of this manipulation. Results showed that
      the unemployed men achieved less penile tumescence than the employed men when
      stressed prior to erotic stimulation. Presentation of the stressor between the
      erotic videotapes (after sexual arousal occurred) produced no differences between
      the employed and unemployed men. These results suggest that impairment of
      erection occurs as a result of a combination of chronic and acute stress.

PMID- 3691454
TI  - Evaluation of salivary thiocyanate as an indicator of smoking behavior.
AB  - Salivary samples from three placement sites and under stimulated and unstimulated
      flow-rate conditions were collected from 36 participants (18 smokers, 18
      nonsmokers) on each of 3 days. These samples were used to determine the best
      collection methodology for discriminating smokers from nonsmokers, the
      reliability of salivary thiocyanate (SCN) over days, and the stability of SCN
      given varying storage treatments. Results showed that SCN levels were
      significantly higher in smokers than in nonsmokers, in parotid site collections
      than either sublingual or mixed collections, and in unstimulated collections.
      Stimulated, mixed samples were reliable across days and were the best
      discriminator of smokers and nonsmokers. SCN levels did not differ under varying
      storage treatments. It is recommended that a standard methodology for collecting
      stimulated, mixed saliva be used when measuring SCN levels.

PMID- 3691455
TI  - Behavioral predictors of blood pressure variation in hypertensives and
      normotensives.
AB  - This study examined the relative impact of five behavioral factors--activity,
      posture, location, social involvement, and tension--on the 24-hr blood pressure
      (BP) variability of 21 normotensives, 18 borderline hypertensives, and 18
      sustained essential hypertensives. Multiple-regression analyses indicated that
      within each diagnostic group, activity accounted for more variance in BP
      variability than any other behavioral dimension. For each behavioral dimension
      examined, the magnitude of the relationship with BP was generally greater for the
      normotensives than for both hypertensive groups. In contrast, variation due to
      individuals was a better predictor of BP variability for the two hypertensive
      groups than for the normotensive group. Number of months hypertensive and use of
      antihypertensive medication were related to BP variability for the sustained
      hypertensive group. Findings have implications for the use of ambulatory BP
      monitors and interpretation of resulting data.

PMID- 3691456
TI  - Plasma endotoxin levels in horses subjected to carbohydrate induced laminitis.
AB  - Thirteen (65 per cent) of 20 horses subjected to carbohydrate overload developed
      Obel Grade 3 lameness within 56 h. Increases in plasma endotoxin from control
      levels of less than 0.1 ng/litre to values ranging from 2.4 to 81.53 ng/litre
      were measured in 11 (85 per cent) of 13 horses during the onset of Obel Grade 3
      lameness. Obel Grade 3 lameness was associated with rises in plasma Gram-negative
      endotoxin levels in 11 (92 per cent) of 12 horses. Two peak increases separated
      by 16 h were verified in five (45 per cent) of 11 horses that exhibited both
      endotoxaemia and Obel Grade 3 lameness. The first peak occurred, on average, at
      32 h and the second peak at 48 h post overload when only one peak was measured,
      this occurred in four horses at the average time of 24 h whereas in another three
      horses only a 48 h or 56 h peak was detected after carbohydrate overload.

PMID- 3691457
TI  - Correlation between anion gap, blood L lactate concentration and survival in
      horses.
AB  - Blood L lactate concentration and anion gap were measured in 32 horses suspected
      of having metabolic acidosis. There was good linear correlation between these
      variables (r = 0.90791, P less than 0.0001) and both were good prognostic
      indicators. Anion gap was a good indicator of the presence but not the severity
      of L lactic acidosis and was a slightly better prognostic indicator. The ability
      to predict survival was not improved by the measurement of L lactate in addition
      to anion gap.

PMID- 3691458
TI  - Idiopathic effusive pericarditis with tamponade in the horse.
AB  - Pericarditis and pericardial effusion are considered to occur rarely in the
      horse. The clinical and laboratory features of idiopathic pericarditis with
      effusion diagnosed in 10 horses over a seven-year period were reviewed.
      Consistent physical findings included tachycardia, ventral oedema, jugular venous
      distention and diminished heart sounds. Electrocardiographic features included
      diminished voltages and electrical alternans, and the effusion was identified by
      echocardiography in the six horses in which it was performed. Pericardiocentesis
      relieved clinical signs in nine horses. Laboratory analysis of pericardial fluid
      samples classified six cases as aseptic serofibrinous, three cases as
      eosinophilic, and one case as histiocytic. One horse died and three were
      destroyed. The remaining six horses recovered following pericardiocentesis
      (performed once or twice) with or without corticosteroid treatment, and were
      alive one month to seven years after diagnosis.

PMID- 3691459
TI  - Observations and management of fractures of the proximal phalanx in young
      Thoroughbreds.
AB  - A retrospective study of 119 cases of fracture of the proximal phalanx is
      described. The short incomplete sagittal fracture (split pastern) was most common
      and carried a good prognosis for a return to racing following conservative
      treatment. Longer incomplete fractures also had a good prognosis but complete
      fractures, either through the lateral cortex of the proximal phalanx or through
      the bone into the proximal interphalangeal joint, required internal fixation.
      Careful assessment of these and comminuted fractures was essential before surgery
      was undertaken. Most comminuted fractures were treated with a view to the animal
      retiring to stud rather than racing again. Humane destruction was considered to
      be justifiable for such fractures in colts or geldings of no stud value or if the
      fracture was severely comminuted.

PMID- 3691460
TI  - Dietary molybdenum as a putative copper antagonist in the horse.
AB  - Four horses were stabled and fed a diet of hay ad libitum, and 2 kg oats per
      animal per day, for a month. The basic diet was then supplemented with
      molybdenum, at a rate of 20 mg/kg dry matter for 4.5 months. For one month of
      this period the diet was supplemented also with sulphur at a rate of 1.2 g/kg dry
      matter. Analyses of jugular blood samples, obtained at intervals varying between
      two and 20 days, showed no evidence of a decline in total plasma copper or of an
      increased proportion of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) insoluble copper in plasma
      over this period. In separate studies, two other horses were given 99molybdenum
      (molybdate, 20 to 28 mg Mo, 4 mCi per animal) per os, initially while being fed
      the basic diet and later while maintained on the molybdenum supplemented diet.
      99Molybdenum appeared rapidly in plasma, but the radioactivity was then quickly
      cleared (half-life 7 to 10 h). The 99molybdenum present was identified as (99Mo)
      molybdate. There was no evidence of the persistent, protein-bound
      (99Mo)thiomolybdates which appear in ruminants. These studies indicate that
      increased dietary molybdenum is unlikely to interfere with copper metabolism in
      horses.

PMID- 3691461
TI  - Clinical questions concerning degenerative joint disease.

PMID- 3691462
TI  - Use of a novel non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug in the horse.
AB  - In a two-part cross-over experiment in six ponies, an acute inflammatory reaction
      was generated by injecting carrageenin solution into subcutaneously-implanted
      tissue-cages lined with fibrovascular granulation tissue. In each part of the
      cross-over, half of the ponies received a novel phenylpyrazoline anti
      inflammatory agent (BW540C) orally and half received a placebo treatment. BW540C
      inhibited platelet cyclo-oxygenase for 24 h but the reductions in exudate
      eicosanoid concentrations were less pronounced. A significant suppression in the
      rise of surface skin temperature in BW540C-treated ponies paralleled drug-induced
      inhibition of thromboxane B2 bicyclic prostaglandin (PG) E2 concentrations at the
      inflamed site. The drug had no significant effect on 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, migrating
      leucocytes, lactate dehydrogenase or total protein in exudates. Maximum plasma
      concentrations of both compounds occurred 2 to 4 h after dosing and maximum
      exudate levels of drug and metabolite occurred at 12 h. Both compounds penetrated
      approximately three times less readily into exudate than into plasma.

PMID- 3691464
TI  - Determination of weight reduction in horses in flotation tanks.

PMID- 3691463
TI  - Quantitative histochemical study of glycogen depletion in the maximally exercised
      Thoroughbred.

PMID- 3691465
TI  - Unexpected responses following intravenous pethidine injection in two horses.

PMID- 3691466
TI  - Use of flotation tanks for the treatment of seven cases of skeletal injury in
      horses.

PMID- 3691467
TI  - Two cases of pancreatic adenocarcinoma in horses.

PMID- 3691468
TI  - Patterns of differences between the maximum weights of lift acceptable to
      experienced and inexperienced materials handlers.

PMID- 3691469
TI  - Ankle angle effects on endurance time, median frequency and mean power of
      gastrocnemius EMG power spectrum: a comparison between individual and group
      analysis.

PMID- 3691471
TI  - Self-paced work in sleep deprived subjects.

PMID- 3691470
TI  - Directional localization in high ambient noise with and without the use of
      hearing protectors.

PMID- 3691472
TI  - Noise, unattended speech and short-term memory.

PMID- 3691473
TI  - A method for estimating physical working capacity at the fatigue threshold
      (PWCFT).

PMID- 3691474
TI  - In vivo effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor on the survival of developing
      dorsal root ganglion cells.
AB  - Implantation of silastic membranes between neural tube and somites at somitic
      levels 20-24 in 30-somite-stage chick embryos results in separation of early
      migrated neural crest cells of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) anlage from the
      neural tube and their death within a few hours [Kalcheim and Le Douarin, (1986)
      Dev. Biol., 116, 451-460]. The in vivo effects of brain-derived neutrotrophic
      factor (BNDF) on survival of HNK-1 immunoreactive DRG cells separated from the
      tube were examined by implantation of laminin-treated silastic membranes
      (controls) or BDNF/laminin-treated membranes. In the presence of BDNF/laminin
      treated membranes, 20/25 grafted embryos fixed 10 h after implantation, contained
      many rescued cells on the operated side. In contrast, only a few rescued cells on
      the operated side. In contrast, only a few rescued cells were observed in
      sections on the operated in 2/11 embryos implanted with laminin-treated silastic
      membranes, and no rescued cells at all could be detected in embryos implanted
      with NGF/laminin-treated (seven embryos) or untreated silastic membranes (12
      embryos). The data presented support the hypothesis that early survival and
      differentiation of neural crest-derived sensory cells depend on central nervous
      system-derived factor(s). Moreover, this is the first evidence for the in vivo
      activity of BDNF on survival of developing DRG cells.

PMID- 3691476
TI  - Oestradiol stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation and hormone binding activity of
      its own receptor in a cell-free system.
AB  - Recent experiments have shown that calf uterus oestrogen receptor exists in a
      tyrosine-phosphorylated hormone binding form and in non-phosphorylated, non
      hormone binding form. We report here that physiological concentrations of
      oestradiol in complex with the receptor stimulate the calf uterus receptor kinase
      that converts the non-hormone binding receptor into hormone binding receptor
      through phosphorylation of the receptor on tyrosine. The activity of this enzyme
      has been followed by reactivation of hormone binding sites and phosphorylation on
      tyrosine of calf uterus phosphatase-inactivated receptor. Phosphorylation of the
      receptor has been demonstrated by interaction of kinase 32P-phosphorylated
      proteins with anti-receptor antibody followed either by sucrose gradient
      centrifugation or SDS-PAGE of the immunoprecipitated proteins. Hormone
      stimulation of the kinase is inhibited by receptor occupancy of the anti
      oestrogen tamoxifen. Oestradiol-receptor complex increases the affinity of the
      kinase for the dephosphorylated receptor. Findings of this report are consistent
      with the observation that several protein tyrosine kinases that are associated
      with peptide hormone receptors are stimulated by the binding of the hormone to
      the receptor. This is the first report on the activation of a tyrosine kinase by
      a steroid hormone. The finding that hormones can regulate their own receptor
      binding activity through a tyrosine kinase is also new.

PMID- 3691475
TI  - Structure and dynamics of the phosphatidylcholine and the
      phosphatidylethanolamine head group in L-M fibroblasts as studied by deuterium
      nuclear magnetic resonance.
AB  - Mouse fibroblast L-M cells were grown in tissue culture medium containing
      selectively deuterated choline or ethanolamine. Both compounds were incorporated
      into the corresponding phospholipids at levels greater than 50% thus leading to a
      selective deuteration of these phospholipid head groups. Choline and ethanolamine
      were labeled at either the alpha- or the beta-carbon atom and well-resolved
      deuterium and phosphorus n.m.r. spectra were obtained from intact cells, crude
      plasma membranes and lipid extracts, leading to the following conclusions. (i) A
      large fraction, if not all, of the phospholipids in the intact L-M cell membranes
      were organized in a liquid crystalline bilayer. (ii) The phosphoethanolamine and
      the phosphocholine head group conformation were found to be remarkably similar in
      pure lipid bilayers and in intact L-M cell membranes with the head group dipoles
      being oriented parallel to the membrane surface. (iii) The deuterium T1 spin
      lattice relaxation times fell in the range of 7-25 ms and were similar in intact
      L-M cells and in pure lipid model membranes, suggesting that the two head groups
      are not involved in strong interactions with membrane proteins. The rotational
      diffusion rate of the two head groups was reduced by at least a factor of 10
      compared to molecules of the same size in aqueous solution. (iv) The
      phosphocholine head group was sensitive to the size and sign of membrane surface
      charges as verified in mixing experiments with charged lipids. In L-M cell
      membranes the phosphocholine appeared to sense an electrically neutral
      environment in spite of the fact that L-M cell membranes contain 10-20%
      negatively charged lipids.

PMID- 3691477
TI  - Truncation does not abrogate transcriptional downregulation of the c-myc gene by
      sodium butyrate in Burkitt's lymphoma cells.
AB  - We have examined the effect of sodium butyrate, a potent inducer of
      differentiation in various cell systems, on the steady state RNA level and
      transcriptional activity of the c-myc gene in Burkitt's lymphoma cells. Following
      sodium butyrate treatment a rapid decrease of c-myc RNA was observed in all
      Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines studied, irrespective of the type of translocation,
      the location of the breakpoint relative to c-myc or of the association with EBV.
      Since cellular genes induced by interferon are suspected to play a role in c-myc
      regulation we have studied transcription of the 2-5A synthetase gene in sodium
      butyrate-treated Burkitt's lymphoma cells. Transcriptional activity and steady
      state mRNA levels of the 2-5A synthetase gene were induced by sodium butyrate.
      The time course of induction excluded, however, that the decrease of c-myc RNA is
      caused by induction of the 2-5A synthetase/RNase L endonuclease system. The
      reduction of c-myc RNA is caused, at least in part, by a reduced transcription
      rate, as shown by nuclear run-on analysis. The fact that sodium butyrate is
      capable of downregulating a truncated c-myc gene indicates that an important
      target site of transcriptional regulation is located outside the region
      encompassing the upstream regulatory sequences, the dual promoters and the leader
      region.

PMID- 3691478
TI  - An enhancer element lies 3' to the human A gamma globin gene.
AB  - We have surveyed 22 kb of DNA from the region surrounding the human fetal (gamma)
      globin genes and have identified one fragment that meets all of the criteria for
      a non-tissue specific enhancer element. The enhancer-containing fragment starts
      approximately 400 bp 3' to the polyadenylation signal of the A gamma gene and is
      less than 750 bp in length. Addition of this fragment to plasmids containing a
      'gamma-CAT' hybrid gene [consisting of the gamma globin gene promoter fused to
      the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) gene] increases CAT expression 6-23
      fold in K562 erythroleukemia cells, depending upon the method of transfection.
      The increase in expression is essentially independent of the orientation or
      position of the fragment with respect to the gamma-CAT hybrid gene. The 3' gamma
      enhancer activates heterologous promoters in erythroleukemia cells, and is also
      active in non-erythroid cell lines. The enhancer acts by increasing the number of
      transcripts initiated from the normal gamma globin gene transcription initiation
      site. The enhancer region contains two DNase I hypersensitive sites in
      erythroleukemia cells but none in nonerythroid human leukemia cell lines. The 3'
      gamma globin gene enhancer contains a unique element that is similar to sequences
      found in an enhancer 3' to the chicken beta globin gene, suggesting that this
      conserved element may have a role in enhancer function.

PMID- 3691479
TI  - Novel amber suppressor tRNAs of mammalian origin.
AB  - Two amber suppressor tRNAs have been isolated from calf liver. They are different
      from previously identified naturally occurring amber suppressors of eukaryotes in
      so far as they are neither tRNATyr nor tRNAGln. They are leucine iso-acceptors
      and their nucleotide sequence indicates that they harbour a CAA and a CAG
      anticodon respectively. Both species are functional as amber suppressors as
      demonstrated by readthrough of the amber codon which terminates the 126 kd
      protein gene of tobacco mosaic virus RNA. The results bring new information in
      the discussion of codon-anticodon recognition and regulation of termination in
      eukaryotic protein synthesis.

PMID- 3691480
TI  - A split binding site for TFIIIC on the Xenopus 5S gene.
AB  - We have previously shown that of the two functional domains which constitute the
      Xenopus 5S gene promoter the common, conserved box A element is directly involved
      in the binding of the common transcription factor IIIC. Here, we describe the
      investigation of the role of the 5S gene specific promoter element, box C, in
      transcription factor binding. Analysis of 22 different single site basepair
      changes reveals that mutations created within the 5'-region of this segment
      interfere with transcription due to a reduced affinity for TFIIIA, whereas
      sequence alterations introduced into the 3'-region of the same element similarly
      inhibit transcription, but do not result in a measurable defect in TFIIIA
      binding. Instead, they clearly reduce the affinity for TFIIIC. DNase I protection
      experiments with TFIIIA on 5S mutants which have an increased spacing of box A
      and box C demonstrate that TFIIIA recognizes a specific box A sequence element
      and that the factor has to be properly aligned on the DNA template in order to
      allow stable complex formation with TFIIIC to proceed. The structural and
      functional organization of protein binding signals on the 5S gene internal
      control region will be discussed in regard to these results.

PMID- 3691481
TI  - Functional characterization of X. laevis U5 snRNA genes.
AB  - Xenopus laevis U5 snRNA genes are found in several genomic arrangements,
      represented by a predominant tandem repeat of 583 bp and other minor repeats.
      Several copies of the major tandem repeat have been cloned and expressed in
      Xenopus oocytes. The transcripts assemble into U5 snRNPs which are recognized by
      anti-Sm antibodies. We have identified functional elements in the U5 gene
      promoter. Although similar in organization to other U snRNA gene promoters, U5
      contains significant differences and is more efficiently expressed than the
      Xenopus U2 gene in oocytes. The proximal sequence element (PSE), although
      homologous to a mammalian consensus for this region (Skuzeski et al., 1984), does
      not resemble the previously characterized Xenopus U1 and U2 PSEs closely in
      sequence. The ATGCAAAT (octamer) part of the distal sequence element (DSE 1) is
      found in U5 in the orientation opposite to that in U1 and U2 gene promoters.
      DNase I protection experiments led to the identification of a third element (DSE
      2), situated close to the octamer motif. Analysis of deletion mutants showed that
      both DSE 1 and 2 are essential parts of the U5 gene enhancer, and provides
      evidence that U snRNA enhancers are complex structures consisting of more than
      one site of DNA-factor interaction.

PMID- 3691483
TI  - Autoimmune thyroid disease.

PMID- 3691482
TI  - The interaction of a synthetic mitochondrial signal peptide with lipid membranes
      is independent of transbilayer potential.
AB  - We have used fluorescence measurements and assays of vesicle disruption (contents
      leakage) to monitor the interaction between lipid vesicles and a synthetic
      peptide corresponding to the N-terminal 27 amino acids of rat mitochondrial pre
      ornithine carbamyltransferase (pOCT). This peptide and two fluorescent
      derivatives bind reversibly to vesicles composed of neutral and anionic
      phospholipids with increasing affinity as the proportion of anionic lipids in the
      vesicles increases. The affinity of the peptide for lipid vesicles is unaffected
      by the presence of a transbilayer potential (inside negative) of at least -80 mV
      across the vesicle membranes. Our results support the proposal that the signal
      sequence of pOCT may promote an initial association of the precursor protein with
      mitochondrial membranes prior to binding to a specific receptor. However, we find
      no evidence that the pOCT signal sequence can subsequently undergo transfer into
      or across the lipid bilayer, even in the presence of a transmembrane potential of
      the magnitude previously found to support the import of precursor proteins into
      mitochondria.

PMID- 3691484
TI  - Environmental factors affecting autoimmune thyroid disease.
AB  - A number of environmental factors affect the incidence and progression of
      autoimmune thyroid disease. Exposure to excess iodine, certain drugs, infectious
      agents and pollutants, and stress have all been implicated.

PMID- 3691485
TI  - Pituitary tumors: diagnosis and management.

PMID- 3691487
TI  - Enhancement of concurrent yield of spermatogonial, meiotic I, and meiotic II
      metaphase chromosomes from Chinese hamster testes.
AB  - A procedure to enhance the concurrent yield of large numbers of spermatogonial,
      meiotic I, and meiotic II metaphases from Chinese hamster testes has been
      developed. Animals were injected intraperitoneally with 5, 10, 20, or 40 mg of
      colchicine/kg and killed 3 hr after the treatment. Both testes from each animal
      were excised; one testis was minced, and germ cells were isolated by using 0.1%
      trypsin solution; the other testis was minced, and germ cells were isolated by
      using a conventional procedure. Chromosomal preparations were made with a
      standard air-drying technique. Examination of slides revealed that with the
      trypsin-isolation procedure the concurrent yields of spermatogonial, meiotic I,
      and meiotic II metaphases were significantly higher (P less than .05) than the
      yields obtained with the conventional procedure. Furthermore, 40 mg of
      colchicine/kg produced maximum numbers of all three types of germ cell
      metaphases. At this maximum concentration, metaphases were stable with no
      evidence of structural aberrations, and the frequency of hyperploidy was not
      significantly different (P greater than .05) from hypoploidy.

PMID- 3691486
TI  - Analysis of human lymphoblast mutation assays by using historical negative
      control data bases.
AB  - We describe here historical negative control data bases for gene locus mutation
      assays at the thymidine kinase locus and hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl
      transferase locus in TK6 and AHH-1 human lymphoblasts, respectively. Protocols
      have been designed which minimize the variability among independent experiments
      and thus facilitate the use of historical negative control data bases for assay
      analysis. The historical negative control data bases for both cell lines can be
      accurately modeled as gamma or Poisson distributions; confidence limits can be
      calculated from these distributions. We describe and justify a mutagenicity assay
      analysis procedure which uses a comparison to the concurrent negative control
      cultures via a t-test in conjunction with a comparison to the historical negative
      control data base. The incorporation of a comparison to the historical negative
      control data base allows the use of a higher confidence level without
      substantially sacrificing the sensitivity of the mutation assays. The analysis of
      the mutagenicity of saccharin in TK6 cells is presented as an example; saccharin
      was found to be nonmutagenic under the conditions tested.

PMID- 3691488
TI  - Variation in the human lymphocyte sister chromatid exchange frequency as a
      function of time: results of daily and twice-weekly sampling.
AB  - The variation in lymphocyte sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency was
      investigated in healthy nonsmokers who were not taking any medication. Two
      separate studies were undertaken. In the first, blood was drawn from four women
      twice a week for 8 weeks. These donors recorded the onset and termination of
      menstruation and times of illness. In the second study, blood was obtained from
      two women and two men for 5 consecutive days on two separate occasions initiated
      14 days apart. One donor participated in both studies. Analysis of the mean SCE
      frequencies in each study indicated that significant temporal variation occurred
      in each donor, and that more variation occurred in the longer study. Some of the
      variation was found to be associated with the menstrual cycle. Peaks in the SCE
      frequency were observed at times that corresponded approximately to ovulation and
      to the beginning and end of menstruation. In the daily study, most of the
      variation appeared to be random, but occasional day-to-day changes occurred that
      were greater than those expected by chance. To determine how well a single SCE
      sample estimated the pooled mean for each donor in each study, we calculated the
      number of samples that encompassed that donor's pooled mean within 1 or more
      standard errors. For both studies, about 75% of the samples encompassed the
      pooled mean within 2 standard errors. An analysis of high-frequency cells (HFCs)
      was also undertaken. The results for each study indicate that the proportion of
      HFCs, compared with the use of Fisher's Exact test, is significantly more
      constant than the means, which were compared by using the t-test. These results
      coupled with our previous work suggest that HFC analysis may be the method of
      choice when analyzing data from human population studies.

PMID- 3691489
TI  - Binding of ethylene oxide in spermiogenic germ cell stages of the mouse after low
      level inhalation exposure.
AB  - Mice received inhalation exposures of 3H-labeled ethylene oxide (EtO) gas at
      levels from 0.65 to 3.2 parts per million-hours (ppm-hr), which are below the
      exposure limits currently allowed for humans. Subsequently, spermatozoa were
      recovered from the reproductive tracts of the animals over a two-week period and
      assayed for the amount of bound EtO. A strong increase in the level of EtO
      binding occurred in late spermatid stages; these stages are also genetically
      sensitive to the action of EtO. The maximum binding of EtO in late spermatids
      amounted to 6 X 10(3) alkylations/sperm head/ppm-hr of exposure. Alkylation of
      the DNA within the sperm accounted for a very small fraction of the total sperm
      head alkylation, averaging about 20 DNA alkylations per sperm per ppm-hr of
      exposure over the two-week period. However, alkylation of protamine, a protein
      unique to sperm cells, was found to be correlated with total sperm head
      alkylation and accounted for nearly all of the EtO binding. Protamine alkylation
      appears to be a significant cause of EtO-induced genetic damage in spermiogenic
      cells of the mammal.

PMID- 3691490
TI  - Differential sensitivity of mouse oocytes to colchicine-induced aneuploidy.
AB  - Unpublished results from our laboratory showed that colchicine increased the
      incidence of hyperploid mouse metaphase II (MII) oocytes when injected at the
      same time as human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). The objective of the present
      study was to determine whether the time of administering colchicine influenced
      the incidence of aneuploidy in MII oocytes. CD-1 mice were given pregnant mare's
      serum (PMS) and 48 hr later, HCG. An intraperitoneal injection of 0.2 mg/kg
      colchicine was given at +4, +2, 0, -2, or -4 hr relative to HCG. Oocytes were
      collected 17 hr post-HCG and processed, and chromosomes were subsequently C
      banded. The percentage of hyperploid oocytes was 0.77, 2.56, 5.71, 7.79, 3.54,
      and 2.70 for control, +4, +2, 0, -2, or -4 hr pre/post-HCG, respectively. Chi
      square analyses of these data demonstrated that colchicine significantly
      increases the proportion of aneuploid oocytes, and that the relative sensitivity
      of colchicine-induced aneuploidy depends upon the time that this drug is
      administered relative to HCG.

PMID- 3691491
TI  - Lack of UDS activity in the livers of mice and rats exposed to dichloromethane.
AB  - Dichloromethane (DCM) has been evaluated for its ability to initiate unscheduled
      DNA synthesis (UDS) in the livers of male mice and rats in vivo. Two types of
      experiment were conducted. In the first, Alpk:AP rats were exposed by oral gavage
      to 100, 500, or 1,000 mg/kg DCM and hepatocytes assessed for UDS via
      autoradiography 4 and 12 hours later. In the second, Fischer F344 rats or B6C3F1
      mice were exposed by inhalation to either 2,000 or 4,000 ppm of DCM for either 2
      or 6 hours, and hepatocytes assessed for UDS immediately after exposure. The dose
      levels and strains of rodent employed in the latter protocol correspond to those
      employed in a recent cancer bioassay of DCM conducted by the U.S. National
      Toxicology Program. DCM failed to induce UDS in any of the experiments. These
      data are discussed within the context of other evidence indicating DCM to be
      nongenotoxic in vivo, despite its reported carcinogenicity in the mouse.

PMID- 3691492
TI  - Effect of oral administration of mutagens found in food on the frequency of
      sister chromatid exchanges in the colonic epithelium of mice.

PMID- 3691493
TI  - Regulation of genes for glycolytic enzymes in cultured rat hepatoma cell lines.
AB  - We examined the control by hormones and culture conditions of the expression of
      pyruvate kinase L, aldolase B, and a liver-specific 5.4-kb mRNA species [Pichard,
      A. L. et al. (1985) Biochem. J. 226, 637-644] in three rat hepatoma cell lines,
      MH1C1, Fao and Faza. The expression level of these markers ranges from 2% (for
      pyruvate kinase L mRNA) to 10-12% (for 5.4-kb mRNA species) of the glucose
      induced mRNA values found in rat liver. The mRNAs of the three liver-specific
      genes strongly decrease after treatment of the hepatoma cells with cyclic 8-bromo
      AMP, cyclic dibutyryl-AMP or forkolin, pyruvate kinase L mRNA being the most
      sensitive to this inhibiting effect. In contrast, the concentration of pyruvate
      kinase L mRNA nuclear precursors is not modified by the cyclic AMP analogues,
      indicating that these agents do not act at the transcriptional level but,
      instead, probably destabilize the transcripts. Glucose or fructose does not
      modify the expression of these three marker genes in any of the studied cell
      lines. Insulin is inefficient in modifying concentrations of the mRNAs for
      pyruvate kinase L and aldolase B, alone or in the presence of carbohydrates. In
      contrast, it stimulates about fivefold the expression of the 5.4-kb mRNA species
      in the MH1C1 cell line; this stimulation is carbohydrate-independent. The
      hepatoma cell lines mimic, therefore, the effect of cyclic AMP on the inhibition
      in vivo of the expression of genes encoding glycolytic or lipogenic enzymes
      [Vaulont, S. et al. (1984) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 125, 135-147]. In
      contrast, the effect of carbohydrates [Munnich, A. et al. (1984) J. Biol. Chem.
      259, 10228-10231] is undetectable. The insulin sensitivity of the liver-specific
      genes is conserved for the 5.4-kb mRNA species only, especially in the MH1C1 cell
      line, but not for the other investigated mRNAs, which seems to reflect a
      fundamental difference in the in vivo effect of insulin on these genes. Finally,
      S1 nuclease mapping of the start-site of pyruvate kinase L gene transcription
      shows that the normal site used in vivo is also used in the Fao and Faza lines
      while, in the MH1C1 line, it coexists with multiple aberrant upstream initiation
      sites.

PMID- 3691494
TI  - The domain structure of the dihydrolipoyl transacetylase component of the
      pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from Azotobacter vinelandii.
AB  - Limited proteolysis with trypsin has been used to study the domain structure of
      the dihydrolipoyltransacetylase (E2) component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase
      complex of Azotobacter vinelandii. Two stable end products were obtained and
      identified as the N-terminal lipoyl domain and the C-terminal catalytic domain.
      By performing proteolysis of E2, which was covalently attached via its lipoyl
      groups to an activated thiol-Sepharose matrix, a separation was obtained between
      the catalytic domain and the covalently attached lipoyl domain. The latter was
      removed from the column after reduction of the S-S bond and purified by
      ultrafiltration. The lipoyl domain is monomeric with a mass of 32.6 kDa. It is an
      elongated structure with f/fo = 1.62. Circulair dichroic studies indicates little
      secondary structure. The catalytic domain is polymeric with S20.w = 17 S and mass
      = 530 kDa. It is a compact structure with f/fo = 1.24 and shows 40% of the
      secondary structure of E2. The cubic structure of the native E2 is retained by
      this fragment as observed by electron microscopy. Ultracentrifugation in 6 M
      guanidine hydrochloride in the presence of 2 mM dithiothreitol yields a mass of
      15.8 kDa. An N-terminal sequence of 36 amino acids is homologous with residues
      370-406 of Escherichia coli E2. The catalytic domain possesses the catalytic
      site, but in contrast to the E. coli subunit binding domain the pyruvate
      dehydrogenase (E1) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3) binding sites are lost during
      proteolysis. From comparison with the E. coli E2 sequence a model is presented in
      which the several functions, such as lipoyl domain, the E3 binding site, the
      catalytic site, the E2/E2 interaction sites, and the E1 binding site, are
      indicated.

PMID- 3691495
TI  - Hydroxyurea: effects on deoxyribonucleotide pool sizes correlated with effects on
      DNA repair in mammalian cells.
AB  - We have measured deoxyribonucleotide pool sizes in different cell types: normal
      human, transformed human (HeLa), and the permanent hamster line CHO-K1. The range
      of sizes of the four DNA precursor pools in CHO cells is far greater than in
      human cells. It is a general rule that hydroxyurea causes rapid depletion of
      pools (except for dTTP) until the pool present in smallest amount is exhausted;
      this suggests a tight coupling of the pools to DNA replication (the presumed main
      cause of the depletion). The effect of hydroxyurea on DNA repair after
      ultraviolet irradiation (namely, a relatively small accumulation of incomplete
      repair sites blocked at the resynthesis stage) is probably accounted for by the
      reduced availability of DNA precursors. However, depletion of the dCTP pool is
      not an adequate explanation for the observed enhancement by hydroxyurea of the
      inhibitory effect of cytosine arabinoside; we suggest other possible modes of
      action. Ultraviolet irradiation has only small effects on the levels of
      deoxyribonucleotides.

PMID- 3691496
TI  - Extraction and purification of molybdenum cofactor from milk xanthine oxidase.
AB  - Molybdenum cofactor (mocofactor) is extracted efficiently, free of impurities and
      in high concentrations, by acid treatment of xanthine oxidase and subsequent
      incubation of the precipitate with phosphate buffer containing EDTA, molybdate
      and oxygen. It is suggested that cofactor is bound to the enzyme via hydrophobic
      forces as well as via an oxygen-sensitive mechanism. Upon extraction, the
      capability to complement the apo nitrate reductase of Neurospora crassa nit-1 can
      be conserved only in the total absence of oxygen. Cysteine and glutathione were
      shown to protect efficiently free mocofactor from oxidation. Two species of
      active mocofactor, probably a molybdoform and a demolybdoform, could be separated
      by means of reversed-phase HPLC with a mobile phase of 5 mM sodium citrate at a
      pH of 6.5. The mode of interaction between either of these species with thiol
      reagents is discussed.

PMID- 3691497
TI  - Effect of heparin on the interaction between thrombin and hirudin.
AB  - The effect of heparin on the interaction between thrombin and hirudin has been
      examined by kinetic methods. Three forms of heparin fractionated on the basis of
      their affinity for antithrombin III and unfractionated heparin were found to act
      as noncompetitive inhibitors of the formation of the thrombin-hirudin complex. A
      three--four fold increase in the dissociation constant of the complex was
      observed at saturating heparin concentrations. This increase in the dissociation
      constant was due to a twofold decrease in the rate of association of thrombin and
      hirudin together with a similar increase in the rate of dissociation of the
      complex. Implications for the location of the heparin binding site on thrombin
      and the possible therapeutic use of the hirudin are discussed.

PMID- 3691498
TI  - Modelling and refinement of the conformation of mycosubtilin in solution from two
      dimensional NMR data.
AB  - The conformation in solution of mycosubtilin, an antifungal lipopeptide [cyclo(L
      Asn-D-Tyr-D-Asn-L-Gln-L-Pro-D-Asn-L-Ser-beta-amino acid)]has been probed by two
      dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance and restrained energy minimization.
      Several structures have been proposed belonging to the same family with minor
      local variations related to different orientations of amide planes. The molecular
      topology was found to be completely different from that of iturin A, an analogue
      which exhibits quite different biological properties. The cyclic peptide of
      mycosubtilin is shown to be rather rigid in the region of L-proline and
      stabilized by C7 structures; in contrast, the neighbourhood of D-tyrosine-2 was
      found to be more flexible. The validity of our models is discussed first in terms
      of distance violation and second on the basis of reconstructed NOE spectroscopy
      maps. The different limitations towards higher-resolution structures are
      discussed.

PMID- 3691499
TI  - Primary structure determination of seven novel N-linked carbohydrate chains
      derived from hemocyanin of Lymnaea stagnalis. 3-O-methyl-D-galactose and N-acetyl
      D-galactosamine as constituents of xylose-containing N-linked oligosaccharides in
      an animal glycoprotein.
AB  - Hemocyanin from the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis is a high-molecular-mass
      copper-containing glyco-protein which functions as oxygen carrier in the
      hemolymph. To release the carbohydrate chains, the protein was digested by
      pronase followed by hydrazinolysis and reduction. The oligosaccharide-alditols
      were purified by gel permeation chromatography on Bio-Gel P-4, followed by HPLC
      on a Lichrosorb-NH2 column. Using 500-MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy, in conjunction
      with sugar, methylation and deamination analysis, the following seven novel
      primary oligosaccharide structures could be unravelled. (Formula: see text).

PMID- 3691500
TI  - A rapid-equilibrium model for the control of the Calvin photosynthesis cycle by
      cytosolic orthophosphate.
AB  - 1. A simple model based on rapid-equilibrium assumptions is derived which relates
      the steady-state activity of the Calvin cycle for photosynthetic carbohydrate
      formation in C3 plants to the kinetic properties of a single cycle enzyme
      (fructose bisphosphatase) and of the phosphate translocator which accounts for
      the export of photosynthate from the chloroplast. Depending on the kinetic
      interplay of these two catalysts, the model system may exhibit a single or two
      distinct modes of steady-state operation, or may be unable to reach a steady
      state. 2. The predictions of the model are analysed with regard to the effect of
      external orthophosphate on the steady-state rate of photosynthesis in isolated
      chloroplasts under conditions of saturating light and CO2. Due to the possible
      existence of two distinct steady states, the model may account for the
      stimulatory as well as the inhibitory effects of external phosphate observed in
      experiments with intact chloroplasts. Stability arguments indicate, however, that
      only the steady-state case corresponding to phosphate inhibition of the rate of
      photosynthesis could be of physiological interest. 3. It is concluded that
      chloroplasts under physiological conditions most likely operate in a high
      velocity steady state characterized by a negative Calvin cycle flux control
      coefficient for the phosphate translocator. This means that any factor enhancing
      the export capacity of the phosphate translocator can be anticipated to decrease
      the actual steady-state rate of photosynthate export due to a decreased steady
      state rate of cyclic photosynthate production.

PMID- 3691501
TI  - Purification of 2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA dehydratase from Acidaminococcus
      fermentans. An iron-sulfur protein.
AB  - 1. The (R)-2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA dehydratase system from Acidaminococcus
      fermentans was separated by chromatography of cell-free extracts on Q-Sepharose
      into two components, an activator and the actual dehydratase. The latter enzyme
      was further purified to homogeneity by chromatography on blue-Sepharose. It is an
      iron-sulfur protein (Mr 210,000) consisting of two different polypeptides (alpha,
      Mr 55,000, and beta, Mr 42,000) in an alpha 2 beta 2 structure with probably two
      [4Fe-4S] centers. After activation this purified enzyme catalysed the dehydration
      of (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate only in the presence of acetyl-CoA and glutaconate CoA
      transferase, demonstrating that the thiol ester and not the free acid is the
      substrate of the dehydration. The result led to a modification of the
      hydroxyglutarate pathway of glutamate fermentation. 2. The activation of the
      dehydratase by the flow-through from Q-Sepharose concentrated by ultrafiltration
      required NADH, MgCl2, ATP and strict anaerobic conditions. This fraction was
      designated as Ao. Later when the concentration was performed by chromatography on
      phenyl-Sepharose, an NADH-independent form of the activator, designated as A*,
      was obtained. This enzyme, which required only ATP for activation of the
      dehydratase, was purified further by affinity chromatography on ATP-agarose. It
      contains neither iron nor inorganic sulfur. A*, as well as the activated
      dehydratase, were irreversibly inactivated by exposure to air within less than 15
      min. The activated dehydratase but not A* was also inactivated by 1 mM
      hydroxylamine or by 0.1 mM 2,4-dinitrophenol. 3. The (R)-2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA
      dehydratase system is closely related the that of (R)-lactoyl-CoA dehydratase
      from Clostridium propionicum as described by R. D. Kuchta and R. H. Abeles
      [(1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 13,181-13,189].

PMID- 3691502
TI  - Isolation of a cDNA for adrenodoxin reductase (ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase).
      Implications for mitochondrial cytochrome P-450 systems.
AB  - Using specific antibodies against adrenodoxin reductase (AR), we screened lambda
      gt11 cDNA expression libraries constructed from bovine adrenal cortex mRNA, and
      isolated several putative clones coding for this enzyme. Concurrently we
      determined the amino acid sequences of fragments from it. A deoxyinosine
      containing oligonucleotide probe, generated for one of the sequences, reacted
      specifically with one of the cloned cDNAs of about 1600 base pairs. The codon
      sequence of this cDNA matched the peptide sequences, further confirming its
      identity as a copy of AR mRNA. RNA blot analysis indicates that in the adrenal
      cortex and corpus luteum there is only one major mRNA (approximately 2000 bp) for
      AR. The levels of this mRNA are at least 40-fold lower in the liver and kidney
      which are also known to contain in homologue of AR. As compared to adrenodoxin
      and cytochrome P-450scc mRNAs, AR mRNA levels in the adrenal cortex appear to be
      about 10-fold lower. Southern blot analysis of bovine and human genomic DNAs
      reveals that in both of these species there is only one gene for AR. These
      results indicate that only a single reductase serves the different mitochondrial
      P-450 systems in steroidogenic tissues.

PMID- 3691503
TI  - Characterization of binding equilibrium data by a variety of fitted isotherms.
AB  - Experimental binding equilibrium data, resulting from measurement of ligand
      binding to macromolecular carriers, are usually described by fitting of binding
      constants. These constants are often highly variable, as illustrated in the
      present paper by two examples, binding of salicylate to human serum albumin and
      of oxygen to hemoglobin. In order to avoid over-interpretation of binding
      constants it is pointed out that the best-fit solution, obtained by least-squares
      fitting, may be supplemented by several, e.g. thirty, acceptable solutions. It is
      further shown how the 30 sets of acceptable binding constants, plotted as Klotz'
      affinity profiles, can serve for evaluation of cooperative effects.

PMID- 3691504
TI  - Interaction with phospholipids of a membrane thiol peptidase that is essential
      for the signal transduction of mating pheromone in Rhodosporidium toruloides.
AB  - Interaction with phospholipids of a membrane thiol peptidase [referred to as
      trigger peptidase (TPase), T. Miyakawa et al. (1987) J. Bacteriol. 169, 1626
      1631] that plays a key role in the signalling of a lipopeptidyl mating pheromone
      at the cell surface of pheromone-target cell (mating type a) of Rhodosporidium
      toruloides was studied. The activity of highly purified TPase which requires
      phospholipids was restored by reconstitution of the enzyme into liposomes
      prepared with phospholipids extracted from the yeast cell. The presence of Ca2+
      was essential for both the reconstitution process and the catalytic reaction of
      TPase. Triton X-100 mixed micelles containing phospholipids also activated the
      enzyme. The specificity and stoichiometry of activation by phospholipids was
      investigated by determination of TPase in the presence of mixed micelles that
      contained defined classes and numbers of phospholipid molecules in the Triton X
      100 micelles. It was demonstrated that TPase is activated by mixed micelles
      containing 2-6 molecules of phosphatidylserine or phosphatidylethanolamine. Other
      phospholipids of the membranes of this organism, such as phosphatidylcholine and
      phosphatidylglycerol, had little effect on activation, indicating that the amino
      group of the phospholipids may be required for the function of TPase. Direct
      evidence for the interaction of TPase and Triton X-100/phosphatidylserine mixed
      micelles was obtained by molecular sieve chromatography on Sephacryl S-200. These
      data established that a phospholipid bilayer is not a requirement for TPase
      activation, and that the purified enzyme can be activated by a relatively small
      number of phospholipid molecules of specific classes.

PMID- 3691505
TI  - Thromboxane synthase catalyses hydroxylations of prostaglandin H2 analogs in the
      presence of iodosylbenzene.
AB  - Human platelet microsomes supplemented with iodosylbenzene converted the stable
      prostaglandin H2 analog 15(S)-hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-epoxymethano-5(Z),13(E)
      prostadienoic acid (U46619) into three metabolites (17.5% yield) which were not
      formed in the presence of specific thromboxane synthase inhibitors. The same
      three products were also formed among others by incubation of U46619 with liver
      microsomes from phenobarbital-pretreated rats with NADPH/O2 or with
      iodosylbenzene. The NADPH-supported metabolism of U46619 was suppressed in the
      presence of carbon monoxide. Combined gas chromatography/negative-ion chemical
      ionization mass spectrometry analysis revealed for all three compounds the
      incorporation of one oxygen atom which according to the electron impact
      fragmentation pattern had to be introduced either at the 9-methylene group or at
      the cyclopentane ring. The identification of these metabolites as 9 beta,15(S)
      dihydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-epoxymethano-5(Z),13(E)-prostadienoic acid and the R
      and S isomer of 15(S)-hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(C-hydroxy-epoxymethano)
      5(Z),13(E)-prostadienoic acid is only tentative since no reference compounds were
      available, but clearly thromboxane synthase was acting as an oxene transferase in
      this reaction. In contrast to U46619, its 9,11-epoxymethano isomer U44069 was
      found to be only a poor substrate for the oxene transferase activity of
      thromboxane synthase (1% yield) which indicates a preference for the 9-methylene
      group of U46619 which is orientated close to the heme iron of thromboxane
      synthase as evidenced by spectroscopic studies. Low-level chemiluminescence
      detected following incubation of iodosylbenzene with partly purified thromboxane
      synthase is in agreement with the formation of an activated (FeO)3+ oxygen
      species. In summary, these results point to a common role of the thiolate ligand
      in the oxygen activation mechanism by thromboxane and prostacyclin synthase and
      liver cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases.

PMID- 3691506
TI  - Enzyme-catalysed peptide amidation. Isolation of a stable intermediate formed by
      reaction of the amidating enzyme with an imino acid.
AB  - A series of hydrazones and semicarbazones of glyoxylic acid were shown to have a
      potent inhibitory effect on the enzyme-catalysed conversion of D-Tyr-Val-Gly to D
      Tyr-Val-NH2. Among the derivatives tested, the inhibitory activity was increased
      by the presence of hydrophobic substituents and decreased by polar substituents.
      The inhibition produced by glyoxylic acid phenylhydrazone was shown to be
      competitive. No inhibition was obtained with pyruvic acid phenylhydrazone, which
      possesses a methyl group in place of the alpha-H of glyoxylic acid
      phenylhydrazone. The inhibitory potencies of these non-peptide substances are in
      accord with the specificity exhibited by the amidating enzyme in its reaction
      with peptide substrates. The inhibition produced by the glyoxylic acid
      derivatives was shown to be due to their ability to act as substrates for the
      peptide-amidating enzyme. The product formed from [14C]glyoxylic acid
      phenylhydrazone was identified as oxalic acid phenylhydrazide by co
      chromatography in three chromatographic systems. The results demonstrate that the
      enzyme-catalysed oxidation of glyoxylic acid phenylhydrazone takes place by a
      mechanism involving hydroxylation. It is implicit that peptide amidation
      catalysed by the same enzyme proceeds by a similar mechanism.

PMID- 3691507
TI  - Demonstration of the existence of an organo-specific NADH dehydrogenase in heart
      mitochondria.
AB  - Experimental evidence is presented showing the existence of an NADH-consuming
      enzyme in heart mitochondria, in addition to the NADH--ubiquinone oxidase of
      complex I. In contrast to the latter, the novel enzyme is accessible from the
      extramitochondrial space. Removal of the outer membranes from intact mitochondria
      had no influence on exogenous NADH consumption, indicating its location at the
      cytosolic face of the inner membrane. The enzyme could be solubilized from this
      membrane and purified by sedimentation through preformed sucrose gradients. Liver
      mitochondria exhibited no oxidation of external NADH, suggesting that the enzyme
      is organo-specific. The "exogenous NADH dehydrogenase" of heart mitochondria was
      found to introduce reducing equivalents into the respiratory chain before the
      rotenone block, indicating that the enzyme is associated with complex I. The
      enzyme was also demonstrated to be involved in electron flow from the respiratory
      chain to exogenous electron acceptors, including NAD+. This permitted us to
      elicit the existence of an energy-dependent reversed electron flow from complex
      II to complex I. The redox shuttle established by the novel enzyme could be of
      significance for the regulation of cellular NADH and the metabolic activation of
      foreign compounds such as adriamycin.

PMID- 3691508
TI  - One- and two-dimensional 1H-NMR investigations of two 19-base-pair analogues of
      the tet operator.
AB  - Two 19-base-pair oligodeoxynucleotides, analogues of one of the operators which
      specifically bind the repressor protein in the regulatory part of the transposon
      Tn10 tetracycline-resistance (tet) determinant, have been studied by 1H-NMR
      spectroscopy. The analogues contain a mismatch in the central base pair of the
      double helix (T.T or A.A). The imino protons have been assigned to the base pairs
      by one-dimensional NOE measurements, and the thermally induced transition from
      the duplex to the single strand has been followed. The cytidine amino resonances
      have been assigned by means of two-dimensional NOE spectroscopy in H2O. Two
      dimensional phase-sensitive NOE and magnitude-correlated spectra have been
      recorded in 2H2O; all nonexchangeable protons, with the exception of some of H5',
      H5" protons, have been assigned. The NMR data made it possible to carry out a
      qualitative analysis of the structures of both oligodeoxynucleotides. The general
      structures close to B-DNA, show irregularities in the mismatch areas.

PMID- 3691509
TI  - Geminate ligand recombination as a probe of the R, T equilibrium in hemoglobin.
AB  - Flash photolysis kinetics of carbon monoxide hemoglobin show a decrease in the
      fraction of ligand recombination occurring as geminate when the hemoglobin has
      fewer ligands bound. Fully saturated samples, normally referred to as R state,
      show approximately 50% geminate phase, while samples at low saturation (T state)
      show less than 3%. The latter result was obtained by photolysis of samples with a
      short delay after stopped flow of solutions of deoxy hemoglobin (Hb) and ligand.
      The decrease in the fraction of geminate phase was also observed using a double
      flash technique. The transient mixture of R and T states generated by flash
      photolysis of Hb-CO was probed with a weaker time-delayed photolysis pulse. The
      kinetics of both the geminate and bimolecular phases following the second pulse
      were measured. The fraction geminate signal was least at delays where the maximum
      proportion of liganded T state tetramer is expected. The biphasic bimolecular
      process is also an indicator of the allosteric state of Hb. The populations of R
      and T may be determined from the overall ligand recombination kinetics; however,
      the analysis is model-dependent. The fraction geminate reaction may provide a
      rapid measure of the amount of liganded hemes in the R and T states.

PMID- 3691510
TI  - Physico-chemical studies of micelle formation on sepia cartilage collagen
      solutions in acetate buffer and its interaction with ionic and nonionic micelles.
      Hydrodynamic and thermodynamic studies.
AB  - Sepia cartilage collagen (pepsin-extracted) in acetate buffer (pH = 2.98) forms
      micelles at a particular concentration below which they do not normally form. The
      critical micelle concentration (cmc) of the collagen was determined in buffer as
      well as in SDS, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and Tween-80 micellar
      environments at different temperatures. Mutual interaction of collagen micelles
      with the ionic and nonionic micelles through the formation of the mixed micelle
      concept has also been found. The cmc of collagen decreased in the presence of SDS
      and Tween-80 micelles whereas it increased in the presence of CTAB micelles. This
      clearly suggests that the micelle formation of collagen is facilitated by the
      presence of SDS and Tween-80 and hindered by CTAB micelles. The various
      thermodynamic parameters were estimated from viscosity measurements and the
      transfer of collagen into the micelles of various surfactants and the reverse
      phenomenon was analyzed. This analysis has also been modelled conceptually as a
      different phase and the results have supported the above phenomenon. Our
      thermodynamic results are also able to predict the exact denaturation temperature
      as well as the structural order of water in the collagen in various environments.
      The hydrated volumes, Vh, of collagen in the above environments and intrinsic
      viscosity were also calculated. The low intrinsic viscosity, [eta], of collagen
      in an SDS environment compared to buffer and other surfactant environments
      suggested more workable systems in cosmetic and dermatological skin care
      preparations. The one and two-hydrogen-bonded models of this collagen in various
      environments have been analyzed. The calculated thermodynamic parameters varied
      with the concentration of collagen. The change of thermodynamic parameters from
      coil-coil to random-coil conformation upon denaturation of collagen were
      calculated from the amount of proline and hydroxyproline residues and compared
      with viscometric results. Thermodynamic results suggest that the stability of the
      collagen in the additive environments is in the following order: SDS greater than
      Tween-80 greater than buffer greater than CTAB.

PMID- 3691511
TI  - Lipid interaction of diphtheria toxin and mutants with altered fragment B. 1.
      Liposome aggregation and fusion.
AB  - The interaction of diphtheria toxin and its cross-reacting mutants crm 45,228 and
      1001 with small unilamellar vesicles has been followed by a turbidity assay,
      electron microscopy, fluorescence energy transfer and membrane permeability. All
      toxins at pH lower than 6 induce the aggregation and fusion of liposomes
      containing negatively charged phospholipids; crm 45 and crm 1001 are less potent
      than diphtheria toxin. Isolated diphtheria toxin fragment B is very effective
      while isolated fragment A is ineffective. Liposome fusion induced by the toxins
      at low pH occurs without release of the internal content implying that fusion
      does not involve vesicle breakage and resealing. The pH dependence of the
      membrane interaction of diphtheria toxin monitored by turbidity is in close
      agreement with that monitored by fluorescence energy transfer. It shows that
      diphtheria toxin can alter the lipid bilayer structure in the pH interval 5-6.
      This pH range occurs in endosomes and suggests that histidyl and carboxyl
      residues are likely to be involved in the conformational change of diphtheria
      toxin triggered by acidic pH.

PMID- 3691512
TI  - Lipid interaction of diphtheria toxin and mutants with altered fragment B. 2.
      Hydrophobic photolabelling and cell intoxication.
AB  - The membrane insertion of diphtheria toxin and of its B chain mutants crm 45, crm
      228 and crm 1001 has been followed by hydrophobic photolabelling with
      photoactivatable phosphatidylcholine analogues. It was found that diphtheria
      toxin binds to the lipid bilayer surface at neutral pH while at low pH both its A
      and B chains also interact with the hydrocarbon chains of phospholipids. The pH
      dependence of photolabelling of the two protomers is different: the pKa of
      fragment B is around 5.9 while that of fragment A is around 5.2. The latter value
      correlates with the pH of half-maximal intoxication of cells incubated with the
      toxin in acidic mediums. These results suggest that fragment B penetrates into
      the bilayer first and assists the insertion of fragment A and that the lipid
      insertion of fragment B is not the rate-controlling step in the process of
      membrane translocation of diphtheria toxin. crm 45 behaves as diphtheria toxin in
      the photolabelling assay but, nonetheless, it is found to be three orders of
      magnitude less toxic than diphtheria toxin on acid-treated cells, suggesting that
      the 12-kDa COOH-terminal segment of diphtheria toxin is important not only for
      its binding to the cell receptor but also for the membrane translocation of the
      toxin. It is suggested that crm 1001 is non-toxic because of a defect in its
      membrane translocation which occurs at a lower extent and at a lower pH than that
      of the native toxin; as a consequence crm 1001 may be unable to escape from the
      endosome lumen into the cytoplasm before the fusion of the endosome with
      lysosomes.

PMID- 3691513
TI  - Hepatocyte heterogeneity in response to extracellular ATP.
AB  - 1. The metabolic and hemodynamic effects of extracellular ATP in perfused rat
      liver were compared during physiologically antegrade (portal to hepatic vein) and
      retrograde (hepatic to portal vein) perfusion. ATP in concentrations up to 100
      microM was completely hydrolyzed during a single liver passage regardless of the
      perfusion direction. 2. The ATP(20 microM)-induced increases of glucose output,
      perfusion pressure and ammonium ion release seen during antegrade perfusions were
      diminished by 85-95% when the perfusion was in the retrograde direction, whereas
      the amount of Ca2+ mobilized from the liver was decreased by only 60%. The
      maximal rate of initial K+ uptake following ATP was dependent on the amount of
      Ca2+ mobilized regardless of the direction of perfusion. In the presence of UMP
      (1 mM), an inhibitor of ATP hydrolysis by membrane-bound nucleotide
      pyrophosphatase, the effect of the direction of perfusion on the glycogenolytic
      response to ATP (20 microM) was largely diminished. 3. For a maximal response of
      glucose output, Ca2+ release and perfusion pressure to extracellular ATP,
      concentrations of about 20 microM, 50 microM and 100 microM were required during
      antegrade perfusion, respectively. These maximal responses could also be obtained
      during retrograde perfusion, but higher ATP concentrations were required (120
      microM, 80 microM, above 200 microM, respectively). 4. 14CO2 production from [1
      14C]glutamate which occurs predominantly in the perivenous hepatocytes capable of
      glutamine synthesis was stimulated by extracellular ATP (20 microM); it was only
      slightly affected by the direction of perfusion. In antegrade perfusions, ATP (20
      microM) increased 14CO2 production from 88 to 162 nmol g-1 min-1, compared to an
      increase from 91 to 148 nmol g-1 min-1 in retrograde perfusion. 5. The data are
      interpreted to suggest that (a) extracellular ATP is predominantly hydrolyzed by
      a small hepatocyte population located at the perivenous outflow of the acinus;
      (b) glycogenolysis to glucose is predominantly localized in the periportal area;
      (c) contractile elements (sphincters) exist near the inflow of the sinusoidal
      bed; (d) a considerable portion of the Ca2+ mobilized by ATP is derived from
      liver cells that do not contribute to hepatic glucose output.

PMID- 3691514
TI  - Catalase gene of the yeast Candida tropicalis. Sequence analysis and comparison
      with peroxisomal and cytosolic catalases from other sources.
AB  - A clone harbouring the genomic DNA sequence for the peroxisomal catalase of an n
      alkane-utilizable yeast, Candida tropicalis, has been isolated by the hybrid
      selection method and confirmed with a probe of catalase partial cDNA. Nucleotide
      sequence analysis of the cloned DNA disclosed that the gene fragment coding for
      catalase had a length of 1455 base pairs (corresponding to 485 amino acids; m =
      54937 Da), and that the size of this enzyme was the smallest among all catalases
      reported hitherto. No intervening sequence was found in this coding region and
      some portions coincided with the amino acid sequences obtained from the analysis
      of the purified catalase. The comparison with three peroxisomal catalases from
      rat liver, bovine liver and human kidney, and one cytosolic catalase from
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae has revealed that catalase from C. tropicalis was more
      homologous to the peroxisomal enzymes than to the cytosolic one. C. tropicalis
      used the codons of the high-expression type. Amino acid residues were all
      conserved at the active and heme-binding sites. In the N and C-terminal regions
      there was no characteristic signal sequence or consensus sequence. However, a
      noticeable region, which can be discriminated between peroxisomal and cytosolic
      catalases, was proposed.

PMID- 3691515
TI  - Isolation, characterization and amino-acid sequence of gamma-seminoprotein, a
      glycoprotein from human seminal plasma.
AB  - gamma-Seminoprotein (gamma-SM), a glycoprotein from human seminal plasma, was
      isolated in highly purified form by ion-exchange chromatography on a Mono Q
      column. The main form, fraction M, was homogeneous by PAGE at pH 8.3 and by SDS
      PAGE. The complete amino acid sequence of gamma-SM was determined with the aid of
      fragments generated by cleavages with cyanogen bromide, clostripain, chymotrypsin
      and Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease. The fragments were aligned with
      overlapping sequences. The single polypeptide chain of gamma-SM contains 237
      amino acids with a calculated Mr of 26079. A single N-linked carbohydrate side
      chain is attached to Asn45. The complex structure of this oligosaccharide has
      been determined recently [van Halbeek H. et al. (1985) Biochem. Biophys. Res.
      Commun. 131, 507-514]. Sequence comparison with serine proteases shows a high
      degree of homology, especially with the kallikrein family. The residues in the
      vicinity of the active site of serine proteases are also highly conserved in
      gamma-SM, indicating the participation of His41, Asp96 and Ser189 in its active
      site. gamma-SM hydrolyzed M-casein with a pH optimum at 8.0, but failed to
      hydrolyze any of the synthetic substrates tested. This proteolytic activity could
      be inhibited with diisopropylfluorophosphate, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, Zn2+
      or Hg2+ ions.

PMID- 3691516
TI  - Semi-preparative HPLC purification of ribosomal proteins from Bacillus
      stearothermophilus and sequence determination of the highly conserved protein
      S19.
AB  - Several proteins from the Bacillus stearothermophilus 30S ribosomal subunit which
      could not be isolated by conventional open-column chromatography were purified by
      high-performance liquid chromatography using a semi-preparative reverse-phase C4
      column. Protein S19 was purified by this technique and the complete amino acid
      sequence determined. Protein S19 was fragmented and the peptides isolated in
      picomole quantities were sequenced by an improved manual 4-N,N
      dimethylaminoazobenzene-4'-isothiocyanate (DABITC) technique; the presence of
      five consecutive C-terminal lysines in the S19 sequence was confirmed by gas
      phase sequencing and fast-atom-bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometry. Protein S19
      is composed of 91 amino acid residues which correspond to a molecular mass of
      10,428 Da. 71% of the B. stearothermophilus S19 sequence was found to be
      identical with the corresponding ribosomal protein from Escherichia coli [Yaguchi
      and Wittmann (1978), FEBS Lett. 88, 227] and both sequences can be aligned
      without gaps. Among the known 26 amino acid sequences of the B.
      stearothermophilus and E. coli ribosome such a high degree of conservation has
      only been observed for a few proteins, all of which are known to be involved in
      the protein biosynthesis process. Although a clear function has not yet been
      assigned to protein S19, its high sequence conservation in these two eubacteria
      clearly indicates an important role of this protein for the function of the
      ribosome.

PMID- 3691517
TI  - Microquantitative determination of intra-acinar distribution profiles of low-Km
      and high-Km aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in rat liver.
AB  - Microquantitative measurements of total and of low-Km aldehyde dehydrogenase
      (ALDH) activity with millimolar and micromolar concentrations of acetaldehyde and
      propionaldehyde were carried out on the livers of male and female rats.
      Lyophilized cryostat sections of liver parenchyma were microdissected along the
      entire sinusoidal length from the terminal afferent vessels to the terminal
      efferent venule. ALDH activity was measured in a microbiochemical assay using the
      oil-well technique with luminometric determination of NADH. On the basis of
      single measurements, mean values of total, low-Km and high-Km ALDH activity could
      be calculated and the specific distribution patterns graphically demonstrated.
      The two substrates acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde yielded similar values of
      ALDH activity, the intraacinar distribution profiles of which showed
      characteristic sex differences. In the liver of the male rat high-Km ALDH
      activity has two flat peaks in the periportal and the perivenous area, while low
      Km ALDH activity is almost evenly distributed throughout the acinus. In the
      livers of female rats, both high-Km and low-Km ALDH activity shows a continuous
      gradient which decreases from the periportal to the perivenous zone (pp/pv =
      1.4:1). It was therefore possible to demonstrate that the maxima of alcohol
      dehydrogenase activity and of low-Km ALDH activity are localized in opposite
      parts of the liver acinus of the female rat. This heterotopy should have
      consequences with respect to hepatotoxicity after alcohol ingestion.

PMID- 3691518
TI  - Structure of the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae serotype
      5.
AB  - The capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus (Actinobacillus) pleuropneumoniae
      serotype 5 (ATCC 33377) was found to be a linear type polysaccharide of a
      repeating disaccharide unit composed of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose and 3-deoxy
      D-manno-2-octulosonic acid (dOclA). By composition analysis, methylation, partial
      hydrolysis and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance studies, it was concluded
      that the capsular polysaccharide is a high-molecular-mass unbranched polymer
      having the structure: [6)-alpha-D-GlcNAcp-(1-5)-beta-dOclAp-(2]n.

PMID- 3691519
TI  - Human 27-kDa calbindin complementary DNA sequence. Evolutionary and functional
      implications.
AB  - Human 27-kDa calbindin cDNA clones were selected by antibody screening from
      lambda gt11 brain libraries. The sequence revealed an open reading frame coding
      for a protein of 261 amino acids, containing four active calcium-binding domains,
      and two modified domains that had presumably lost their calcium-binding
      capability. Comparison with chick and bovine calbindins showed that the protein
      was highly conserved in evolution (evolutionary rate: 0.3 x 10(-9) amino acid-1
      year-1) and that active and inactive domains were equally conserved. From the
      data we postulate that calbindin has an important physiological function
      involving protein--protein interactions. Comparison of calcium-binding domains
      from various proteins suggested that all members of the troponin C superfamily
      derive from a common two-domained ancestor, but that duplications leading to
      calbindin and to the four-domained calcium-binding proteins took place
      independently on different branches of the evolutionary tree. Preliminary data
      showed that another calcium-binding protein, homologous to calbindin, is present
      in the brain and encoded by a different gene.

PMID- 3691520
TI  - An NMR study of polymorphous behaviour of the mismatched DNA octamer d(m5C-G-m5C
      G-A-G-m5C-G) in solution. The B-duplex and hairpin forms.
AB  - By means of one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy the solution structures of
      the partly self-complementary octamer d(m5C-G-m5C-G-A-G-m5C-G) were investigated.
      It is shown that this DNA fragment, under conditions of high DNA concentration (8
      mM DNA) and/or high ionic strength prefers to adopt a duplex structure. At low
      DNA concentration (0.4 mM DNA), the duplex exists in a 1:1 slow equilibrium with
      a monomeric hairpin form. Addition of salt destabilizes the hairpin structure in
      favour of the dimer. At high temperatures the hairpin form, as well as the dimer
      structure, exist in a fast equilibrium with the random-coil form. For the
      hairpin/random-coil equilibrium a Tm of 329 K and a delta H degree of -121 kJ.mol
      1 were deduced. These thermodynamic parameters are independent of the DNA
      concentration, as is expected for a monomeric structure. For the dimer to coil
      transition a Tm of 359 K (1 M DNA) and a delta H degree of -285 kJ.mol duplex-1
      were derived. The thermodynamic data of the hairpin-coil transition mutually
      agree with those recently reported for the hairpin to random coil equilibrium of
      the DNA octamer d(m5C-G-m5C-G-T-G-m5C-G) [Orbons, L. P. M., van der Marel, G. A.,
      van Boom, J. H. & Altona, C. (1987) J. Biomol. Struct. Dyns. 4, 939-963]. It is
      demonstrated that the dimer structure exhibits B-DNA characteristics, as is
      witnessed by the NOESY experiments and the analysis of the proton-proton coupling
      data. It is shown that the base-pair formation of the G x A mismatches is anti
      anti. A comparison of 1H and 31P chemical-shift data of the title compound with
      those of a well-characterized B-DNA structure reveals large differences in the
      dm5C(3)-dG(4)-dA(5) part of the mismatched dimer structure. These differences
      apparently indicate some major local structural changes due to the incorporation
      of the G x A mismatches. Under the most extreme conditions used (i.e. up to 3 M
      NaCl or 75% CH3OH in the presence of 10 mM MgCl2) no Z-DNA structure was
      observed. It is shown that the structural features of the hairpin form of the
      title compound mimic those of the hairpin structure of d(m5C-G-m5C-G-T-G-m5C-G).
      An energy-minimized model of the hairpin form is given.

PMID- 3691521
TI  - A new type of prosome-like particle, composed of small cytoplasmic RNA and
      multimers of a 21-kDa protein, inhibits protein synthesis in vitro.
AB  - A large fraction of the translationally repressed non-globin messenger RNA in
      duck erythroblasts is present in non-polyribosomal free mRNP structures which
      sediment in the 30-40-S range ('35 S'). In 0.5 M KCl, they form core complexes
      which show a pronounced peak at about 32 S containing mRNA and a discrete
      spherical RNP particle with a diameter of about 12 nm and the typical morphology
      of a prosome [H.-P. Schmid et al. (1984) EMBO J. 3, 29-34]. Buoyant density
      measurements and chromatography on oligo(dT)-cellulose indicate that this
      particle is bound to mRNA; it can be released from the mRNA by treatment of the
      free mRNP fraction with SDS. This prosome-like particle inhibits the translation
      of mRNA in vitro. It is composed primarily of multimers of a single 21-kDa
      protein and at least one species of RNA of about 80-100 nucleotides. It is
      resistant to dissociation by 2 M CS2SO4 and 1% SDS; the 21-kDa protein is not
      attacked by proteinase K unless the particle is extracted with phenol prior to
      treatment with the protease. The small RNA moiety of the particle hybridizes to
      the poly(A)-rich mRNA derived from the free mRNPs, as well as to polyribosomal
      mRNA. These data indicate that prosomes may serve to regulate mRNA translation;
      they show furthermore that prosome-like particles (about 600 kDa mass) may be
      built of up to 25 molecules of a single specific protein, rather than of the
      entire set of about 20 prosomal proteins previously identified.

PMID- 3691522
TI  - Interactions of actin and tubulin with human deoxyhemoglobin. Their possible
      occurrence within erythrocytes.
AB  - Short actin filaments are an essential component of the red-cell membrane
      skeleton, and microtubules are also present in nucleated erythrocytes as a
      marginal band. Actin and tubulin share the property of possessing a very anionic
      terminal peptide. Since deoxyhemoglobin (Hb) is known to be a strong polyanion
      binding protein, we have considered how it may interact with actin and tubulin
      within the intact cell. Here we demonstrate that actin and tubulin form in vitro
      a high-affinity complex with Hb. This is shown by measuring, by stopped-flow
      experiments, the decrease of the binding rate constant of CO to Hb in the
      presence of increasing amounts of actin and tubulin. One tetramer of Hb is bound
      by an actin monomer, and about two tetramers by an alpha, beta-tubulin
      heterodimer. Binding assays in batch experiments with immobilized tubulin give
      the same stoichiometry. Formation of the complexes involves the 2,3
      bisphosphoglycerate-binding site of Hb and a negatively charged domain, most
      likely the highly acidic N and C-terminal peptides of actin and tubulin. In
      addition to providing new opportunities to study the structural and functional
      properties of actin and tubulin, these results support the idea that in the case
      of partial metabolic depletion of bisphosphoglycerate and ATP in erythrocytes, Hb
      may interact with oligomeric actin and tubulin present in the cytoskeleton.

PMID- 3691524
TI  - Transamination catalysed by tyrosine phenol-lyase from Citrobacter intermedius.
AB  - The interactions of tyrosine phenol-lyase with its substrates: L-tyrosine and L
      serine, and the competitive inhibitors: L-alanine, L-phenylalanine, L-m-tyrosine,
      were studied. It was demonstrated that the enzyme catalyzed a half-transamination
      reaction between substrates or inhibitors and the protein-bound pyridoxal
      phosphate. The products of this side-reaction, pyridoxamine phosphate and the
      respective keto acids, were identified. The kinetic parameters were determined
      for beta-elimination of L-tyrosine and of L-serine, and for the transamination of
      L-serine and the inhibitors used. The transfer of the amino group to the coenzyme
      takes place in the direction from amino acid to pyridoxal phosphate, but not in
      the opposite direction, i.e. the transamination is irreversible.

PMID- 3691523
TI  - 1H-NMR sequential assignments and cation-binding studies of spinach plastocyanin.
AB  - The essentially complete assignment of the 1H-NMR spectrum of the Cu(i) form of
      spinach plastocyanin has been achieved using two-dimensional NMR techniques and
      sequence-specific resonance assignment procedures. A variety of pH and
      temperature conditions was utilised to overcome the problems of resonance overlap
      in the spectrum, degeneracy of C alpha H and solvent H2O chemical shifts, and
      cross-saturation of labile NH resonances. A qualitative analysis of the long
      range nuclear Overhauser effects observed indicates that the backbone fold of
      spinach plastocyanin is very similar to that of poplar plastocyanin, whose
      structure has been solved by X-ray crystallography and differs in 22 of its 99
      amino acid residues. The assignments provide a basis for further investigations
      into the structural and ion- and protein-binding properties of plastocyanin in
      solution.

PMID- 3691525
TI  - Isolation and characterization of basic superoxide dismutase consisting of Mr
      25,000 subunits in rat liver.
AB  - 1. A basic protein (pI = 9.0) exhibiting superoxide dismutase activity was
      purified to homogeneity from rat liver by DEAE-cellulose, CM-cellulose and S
      hexylglutathione affinity gel chromatography, chromatofocusing and Sephadex G-150
      gel filtration. 2. The purified enzyme had specific activity of 4700 units/mg
      protein. The activity was not affected by 2 mM KCN. Manganese was detected in the
      enzyme preparation; the content was 0.9 mol/mol subunit. The N-terminal sequence
      of the first 23 amino acids of the enzyme exhibited a strong homology (except at
      position 11) with the mature protein of human Mn-superoxide dimutase. It is,
      therefore, concluded that the purified enzyme is Mn-superoxide dismutase. 3. The
      N-terminal amino acid sequence showed that about 50% of tyrosine at position 11
      was substituted by glutamine, suggesting the existence of microheterogeneity of
      the superoxide dismutase protein. 4. The superoxide dismutase purified here was
      found to consist of subunits with an apparent relative molecular mass of 25,000.
      This larger than the value hitherto reported for rat liver Mn-superoxide
      dismutase (Mr 2,400); the previous low value is attributed to differences in
      methods. 5. The enzyme was shown by immuno-blotting to be exclusively localized
      in the mitochondrial fraction in the liver. The tissue content of Mn-superoxide
      dismutase is organ-specific, and was the highest in heart. The precursor protein
      of the Mn-superoxide dismutase was not detectable in the liver cytosolic and
      mitochondrial fractions as well as in several extrahepatic organs (lung, heart,
      brain, muscle, kidney and testis), suggesting rapid transport across
      mitochondrial membranes and processing of the superoxide dismutase protein.

PMID- 3691526
TI  - Structure of the sidechain of lipopolysaccharide from Erwinia amylovora T.
AB  - The sidechain of lipopolysaccharide from Erwinia amylovora T was composed of D
      fucose, D-galactose and D-glucose in equimolar proportions. Using NMR
      spectroscopy, methylation analysis, mass spectrometry, Smith degradation and
      optical rotation data, the repeat unit was shown to have the following most
      probable structure: (formula; see text)

PMID- 3691527
TI  - Primary structure of the glycans of porcine pancreatic lipase.
AB  - The glycan primary structure of the main glycopeptide fraction obtained by
      pronase and carboxypeptidase A digestions of porcine pancreatic lipase has been
      investigated by 500-MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy and methylation analysis. The results
      demonstrate that the glycopeptide fraction was a mixture containing the following
      structures: (formula; see text)

PMID- 3691528
TI  - Isolation and characterization of 9-hydroxy-10-trans,12-cis-octadecadienoic acid,
      a novel regulator of platelet adenylate cyclase from Glechoma hederacea L.
      Labiatae.
AB  - We have identified and characterized a fatty acid, (9S,10E,12Z)-9-hydroxy-10,12
      octadecadienoic acid (9-HODE) as a regulator of adenylate cyclase activity of
      human platelet membranes. This fatty acid was isolated from a methanolic extract
      of the plant Glechoma hederacea L. Labiatae (commonly known as 'lierre
      terrestre', 'ground ivy' or 'creeping Charlie'; it was identified by nuclear
      magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy. This compound increased basal adenylate
      cyclase activity in platelet membranes about threefold and had an EC50 of 10-20
      microM. This increase in adenylate cyclase activity occurred without a temporal
      lag, was reversible, and represented an increase in Vmax without a substantial
      change in Km for ATP, Mg2+ or Mn2+. In addition, 9-HODE additively or
      synergistically increased platelet adenylate cyclase activity in response to
      guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate and forskolin, but the fatty acid
      failed to alter inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity mediated by epinephrine
      (alpha 2-adrenergic receptor). Studies of the interaction of 9-HODE with
      activation of platelet adenylate cyclase activity mediated by prostaglandin E1
      (PGE1) and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) indicated that this fatty acid produced a
      parallel shift in the concentration/response curve of PGE1 and PGD2 without
      altering maximal response, which was substantially greater than that observed
      with 9-HODE alone. From these results, we conclude that 9-HODE appears to be a
      partial agonist at PGE1 and PGD2 receptors on human platelets. We believe that
      this is a novel example of a plant-derived fatty acid which acts on cells to
      regulate adenylate cyclase via prostaglandin receptors.

PMID- 3691529
TI  - Relations between plasma membrane and lysosomal membrane. 1. Fate of covalently
      labelled plasma membrane protein.
AB  - To quantify the kinetics of the plasma membrane flow into lysosomes, we
      covalently labelled at 4 degrees C the pericellular membrane of rat fibroblasts
      and followed label redistribution to the lysosomal membrane using purified
      lysosomal preparations. The polypeptides were, either labelled with 125I by the
      lactoperoxidase procedure, or conjugated to [3H]peroxidase using
      bisdiazobenzidine as a bifunctional reagent. Both labels were initially bound to
      plasma membrane, as indicated by their equilibrium density in sucrose or Percoll
      gradients and their displacement by digitonin, as well as by electron microscopy.
      Upon cell incubation at 37 degrees C, both covalent labels were lost from cells
      with diphasic kinetics: a minor component (35% of cell-associated labels) was
      rapidly released (half-life less than 1 h), and most label (65%) was released
      slowly (half-life was 20 h for incorporated 125I and 27 h for 3H). Immediately
      after labelling up to 30 h after incubation at 37 degrees C, the patterns of 125I
      polypeptides quantified by autoradiography after SDS-PAGE were indistinguishable,
      indicating no preferential turnover for the major plasma membrane polypeptides.
      The redistribution of both labels to lysosomes was next quantified by cell
      fractionation. At equilibrium (between 6 and 25 h of cell incubation) 2-4% of
      cell-associated 125I label was recovered with the purified lysosomal membranes.
      By contrast, when 3H-labelled cells were incubated for 16 h, most of the label
      codistributed with lysosomes. However, only 6% of cell-associated 3H was bound to
      lysosomal membrane. These results indicate that in cultured rat fibroblasts, a
      minor fraction of plasma membrane polypeptides becomes associated with the
      lysosomal membrane and is constantly equilibrated by membrane traffic.

PMID- 3691530
TI  - Binding of alkaline-earth metal cations and some anions to phosphatidylcholine
      liposomes.
AB  - The dependence of electrophoretic mobility of multilamellar liposomes composed of
      egg phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho), dimyristoyl-glycerophosphocholine (Myr2Gro-P
      Cho) and dipalmitoyl-glycerophosphocholine (Pam2-Gro-P-Cho) on the concentration
      of several cations and anions has been measured. Values of surface densities of
      binding sites and intrinsic binding constants of ions to liposome membranes were
      determined by processing the results in the framework of Gouy-Stern theory. Sharp
      reductions in the positive surface potential of Myr2Gro-P-Cho and Pam2Gro-P-Cho
      liposomes have been detected at the thermotropic transition of the lipids from
      the gel to liquid-crystalline phase. Similar alterations of liposome surface
      potential were revealed at the temperature of pretransition, as well as at about
      50 degrees C, in the case of Pam2Gro-P-Cho. A model is suggested for ion binding
      to PtdCho membranes, according to which the ion-binding sites are considered as
      point defects (vacancies) in the structure of lipid head-groups arranged over a
      trigonal lattice.

PMID- 3691531
TI  - Properties of the Na+-dependent Cl-/HCO3- exchange system in U937 human leukemic
      cells.
AB  - U937 cell possess two mechanisms that allow them to recover from an intracellular
      acidification. The first mechanism is the amiloride-sensitive Na+/H+ exchange
      system. The second system involves bicarbonate ions. Its properties have been
      defined from intracellular pH (pHi) recovery experiments, 22Na+ uptake
      experiments, 36Cl- influx and efflux experiments. Bicarbonate induced pHi
      recovery of the cells after a cellular acidification to pHi = 6.3 provided that
      Na+ ions were present in the assay medium. Li+ or K+ could not substitute for
      Na+. The system seemed to be electroneutral. 22Na+ uptake experiments showed the
      presence of a bicarbonate-stimulated uptake pathway for Na+ which was inhibited
      by 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate. The bicarbonate-dependent 22Na+
      uptake component was reduced by depleting cells of their internal Cl- and
      increased by removal of external Cl-. 36Cl- efflux experiments showed that the
      presence of both external Na+ and bicarbonate stimulated the efflux of 36Cl- at a
      cell pHi of 6.3. Finally a 36Cl- uptake pathway was documented. It was inhibited
      by 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate (K0.5 = 10 microM) and
      bicarbonate (K0.5 = 2 mM). These results are consistent with the presence in U937
      cells of a coupled exchange of Na+ and bicarbonate against chloride. It operates
      to raise the intracellular pH. Its pHi and external Na+ dependences were defined.
      No evidence for a Na+-independent Cl-/HCO3- exchange system could be found. The
      Na+-dependent Cl-/HCO3- exchange system was relatively insensitive to
      (aryloxy)alkanoic acids which are potent inhibitors of bicarbonate-induced
      swelling of astroglia and of the Li(Na)CO3-/Cl- exchange system of human
      erythrocytes. It is concluded that different anionic exchangers exist in
      different cell types that can be distinguished both by their biochemical
      properties and by their pharmacological properties.

PMID- 3691532
TI  - Iodide-induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity in horse and dog thyroid.
AB  - The characteristics of the iodide-induced inhibition of cyclic AMP accumulation
      in dog thyroid slices have been previously described [Van Sande, J., Cochaux, P.
      and Dumont, J. E. (1985) Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 40, 181-192]. In the present
      study we investigated the characteristics of the iodide-induced inhibition of
      adenylate cyclase activity in dog and horse thyroid. The inhibition of cyclic AMP
      accumulation by iodide in stimulated horse thyroid slices was similar to that
      observed in dog thyroid slices. The inhibition was observed in slices stimulated
      by thyroid-stimulating hormone, cholera toxin and forskolin. Increasing the
      concentration of the stimulators did not overcome the iodide-induced inhibition.
      Adenylate cyclase activity, assayed in crude homogenates or in plasma-membrane
      containing particulates (100,000 x g pellets), was lower in homogenates or in
      particulates prepared from iodide-treated slices than from control slices. This
      inhibition was observed on the cyclase activity stimulated by forskolin, fluoride
      or guanosine 5'-[beta, gamma-imino]triphosphate, but also on the basal activity.
      It was relieved when the homogenate was prepared from slices incubated with
      iodide and methimazole. Similar results were obtained with dog thyroid. The
      inhibition persisted when the particulate fraction was washed three times during
      1 h at 100,000 x g, in the presence of bovine serum albumin or increasing
      concentration of KCl. It was similar whatever the duration of the cyclase assay,
      in a large range of protein concentration. These results indicate that a stable
      modification of adenylate cyclase activity, closely related to the plasma
      membrane, was induced when slices were incubated with iodide. Iodide inhibition
      did not modify the affinity of adenylate cyclase for its substrate (MgATP), but
      induced a decrease of the maximal velocity of the enzyme. The percentage
      inhibition was slightly decreased when Mg2+ concentration increased, and markedly
      decreased when Mn2+ concentration increased. A detectable adenylate cyclase
      activity was demonstrated when intact slices were incubated in the presence of
      [alpha-32P]ATP, probably because of the presence of broken cells produced during
      the slicing. Iodide had no direct effect on this cyclase system, which confirms
      that iodide needs the integrity of the cell to induce the inhibition and suggests
      that the inhibition is not transmitted between cells.

PMID- 3691533
TI  - Ester composition of carnitine in the perfusate of liver and in the plasma of
      donor rats.
AB  - When the carnitine pool of fed rats was labelled with tritium, in non
      recirculating perfusate of their liver 44% of acid-soluble 3H activity was
      identified as free carnitine and 47% as short-chain acylcarnitine. Of the latter
      component acetylcarnitine accounted for 30% and propionylcarnitine for 10% of
      total acid-soluble. In plasma the contribution of short-chain acylcarnitines to
      total carnitine in fed, fasted and diabetic rats was 15.6%, 43.1% and 48.0%,
      respectively. Recirculating perfusion of livers from the same animals revealed
      that livers from fed rats released short-chain acylcarnitines as much as 56.2% of
      total and this proportion did not increase further in the other two groups. At
      the same time, ketone bodies in the perfusate increased gradually in the fed,
      fasted and diabetic group, paralleling the plasma ketone levels. Although liver
      supplies the organism with carnitine the increment of plasma short-chain
      acylcarnitines seen in ketosis is not a result of some extra output by the liver.

PMID- 3691534
TI  - Extracellular origin of the lipid lysosomal storage in cultured fibroblasts from
      Wolman's disease.
AB  - The experiments reported here allowed us to compare the metabolism of neutral
      lipids from extracellular origin (lipoproteins) and endogenous origin
      (triacylglycerol biosynthesis induced by feeding cells with high levels of free
      fatty acid) in normal and acid-lipase-deficient fibroblasts (Wolman's disease).
      When the cells were grown in hyperlipemic-rich medium, a major neutral lipid
      storage appeared in normal as well as in acid-lipase-deficient cells; this
      storage disappeared rapidly in normal cells during the 'chase', whereas in Wolman
      cells, the storage of cholesteryl esters and triacylglycerols remained unchanged,
      or only decreased very slowly. When the cells were fed with high levels of
      radiolabelled oleic acid, a major accumulation of radiolabelled triacylglycerols
      was observed. These cytoplasmic triacylglycerols were similarly degraded in
      normal and Wolman fibroblasts during the 'chase' period. From these results it
      was concluded that the neutral lipids stored in lysosomes of Wolman fibroblasts
      are only of extracellular origin (lipoproteins), whereas triacylglycerols
      biosynthesized by the cells do not participate in this accumulation. Therefore,
      both cellular compartments involved in triacylglycerol metabolism (lysosomes
      containing exogenous lipids and cytoplasmic granules of endogenously
      biosynthesized triacylglycerols) are strictly independent.

PMID- 3691535
TI  - Biosynthesis of coenzyme F430 in methanogenic bacteria. Identification of
      15,17(3)-seco-F430-17(3)-acid as an intermediate.
AB  - Coenzyme F430 is a hydroporphinoid nickel complex present in all methanogenic
      bacteria. It is part of the enzyme system which catalyzes methane formation from
      methyl-coenzyme M. We describe here that under certain conditions a second nickel
      porphinoid accumulates in methanogenic bacteria. The compound was identified at
      15,17(3)-seco-F430-17(3)-acid. The structural assignment rests on 14C-labelling
      experiments, fast-atom-bombardment mass spectra, 1H-NMR spectra of the
      corresponding hexamethyl ester, and ultraviolet/visible spectral comparison with
      model compounds. In cell extracts and in intact cells of methanogenic bacteria,
      15,17(3)-seco-F430-17(3)-acid was converted to F430. These findings indicate that
      the new nickel-containing porphinoid is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of
      coenzyme F430.

PMID- 3691536
TI  - Increased efficiency of translation of ornithine decarboxylase mRNA in mitogen
      activated lymphocytes.
AB  - Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) mRNA was elevated ninefold by 6 h following
      concanavalin A (ConA) stimulation of bovine lymphocytes. Comparison of the
      increases in ODC mRNA and ODC activity revealed a fivefold discrepancy, which is
      consistent with a change in efficiency of translation of ODC mRNA. In resting
      cells, 45% of the total ODC mRNA was associated with particles sedimenting at
      about 40 S, and therefore was not translated. The untranslated ODC mRNA in
      resting cells could be completely shifted into polysomes by a 15-min treatment of
      the cells with appropriate concentrations of cycloheximide. In activated cells,
      the proportion of ODC mRNA in untranslated material was reduced to 18%. This
      shift in distribution of ODC mRNA occurred between 6 h and 12 h following mitogen
      stimulation with no increase in the cellular level of this message. The rate of
      synthesis of ODC protein was found in increase twofold between 6 h and 12 h,
      paralleling the increase in the amount of ODC mRNA associated with polysomes.
      Thus, in this time frame, a decrease in the amount of untranslated ODC mRNA with
      a corresponding increase in the amount associated with polysomes leads to an
      increase in the biosynthesis of ODC with no change in the cellular level of the
      message. These changes in translational efficiency were not observed with actin
      mRNA.

PMID- 3691537
TI  - European Congress of Radiology--necessity or luxury?

PMID- 3691538
TI  - Optimal positioning for CT examinations of the skull base. Experimental and
      clinical studies.
AB  - To evaluate the most appropriate CT angles for the skull base, four adult phantom
      skulls of various shapes were examined by CT. 15 osseous sites in each skull base
      were selected and the optimum angle for their delineation was determined. Using
      Reid's base line (0 degree), many sites could be imaged best at angles up to +20
      degrees, and +10 degrees was found to be optimum. Examinations of patients using
      OM-line as a reference disclosed imaging rates in excess of 70% for sites other
      than the hypoglossal canal, the optic canal and foramen rotundum, which are in
      horizontal planes.

PMID- 3691539
TI  - Role of CT in the study of recurrences of Hodgkin's disease on the chest wall.
      Report on 12 cases.
AB  - Twelve cases of recurrences of Hodgkin's disease on the chest wall, associated
      with three breast lesions and three diaphragmatic lesions, were studied by
      computed tomography (CT). Although the chest radiographs of all the patients were
      abnormal, CT was more accurate than clinical and other radiological examinations
      in delineating the lesions of the chest wall and in studying the extension of the
      relapse. Muscle enlargement was present in all cases. In seven cases osseous
      lesions and in seven cases pleural effusion or subpleural plaques were found.
      Chest wall recurrences were associated with other thoracic or abdominal lesions
      in 75% of the cases. Recurrences to the chest wall occur late (mean 6.3 years) in
      the evolution of Hodgkin's disease. They developed during the first relapse in
      67% of the cases and during the second to the fourth relapse in 33% of the cases.
      CT is useful for the screening of lesions for which the outcome is bad. Only in
      four cases patients were without any evidence of disease after treatment.

PMID- 3691540
TI  - Combination of short- and long-term catheter thrombolysis for peripheral arterial
      occlusion.
AB  - To save time and expenses we developed a combined program of local short-term
      catheter thrombolysis (CTL) in the angiographic laboratory followed by a long
      term CTL on the ward if necessary to achieve patency. Out of 66 patients with
      arterial occlusion in the femoro-popliteal region the occluded segment was re
      opened by short-term CTL alone in 22 patients (36%), and in 24 out of the
      remaining 44 patients by long-term CTL, giving a total primary success rate of
      71%. Angiographic analysis showed that primary clinical success depended on the
      patency of run-off vessels in the calf after CTL. Complications occurred in five
      patients, necessitating surgical revision in only one. Two years after
      intervention 64% of the primarily recanalized arteries were still patent as shown
      by non-invasive examination.

PMID- 3691541
TI  - Video disc recording in double contrast barium enema--comparison with
      conventional fluoroscopy.
AB  - The use of electronic radiography in double contrast enema reduced the
      fluoroscopic area exposure of three different radiologists by 48-63% compared
      with conventional fluoroscopy. The fluoroscopic technique in video disc recording
      (VDR) differs from the conventional fluoroscopic technique and therefore the use
      of VDR requires additional training.

PMID- 3691542
TI  - Computed tomography of peripancreatic fat planes.
AB  - Obliteration of peripancreatic fat planes usually is considered an indicator of
      peripancreatic tumour infiltration in the presence of a malignant mass, or of
      inflammation of peripancreatic tissues in patients with pancreatitis. However,
      absence of peripancreatic fat planes also may be found in patients without
      evidence of pancreatic disease. Hence, CT scans of 125 patients without clinical
      or computed tomographic evidence of pancreatic disease were evaluated to assess
      normal variations in the anatomy of the pancreas and its relation to surrounding
      vessels and bowel loops. The fat plane separating the superior mesenteric artery
      from the pancreas was preserved in 100% of patients. Conversely, fat planes
      between the pancreas and the superior mesenteric vein, inferior vena cava, and
      adjacent bowel loops were partially or totally obliterated in 13% to 50% of
      patients. It is concluded that the absence of fat around the superior mesenteric
      artery is highly suggestive of pathologic changes of the pancreas, while the lack
      of fat planes between the pancreas and other splanchnic vessels or bowel loops
      frequently is normal, and therefore, is an unreliable sign of pancreatic disease.
      The applications of these findings to the assessment of tumour resectability by
      CT, and to CT scanning techniques, are discussed.

PMID- 3691544
TI  - Radiologic findings in peripheral neurilemoma.
AB  - Neurilemoma is a primary nerve sheath tumour that usually arises from a
      peripheral nerve. In a series of eight solitary neurilemomas four benign and four
      malignant tumours are observed. Three neoplasms are of intrathoracic origin, four
      tumours arise in the retroperitoneal space and one tumour develops in the
      duodenal wall. Radiographic findings using computed tomography, ultrasonography
      and arteriography are presented. All neurilemomas show relatively low density in
      CT compared with other parenchymal tumours. All benign and three of the malignant
      neurilemomas reveal good contrast enhancement. Arteriography has an important
      role in defining the tumour's blood supply and establishing the origin of the
      tumour. Five of six neurilemomas show hypervascularity in arteriography.
      Ultrasonography shows cystic degeneration in three malignant and in one benign
      neurilemoma. Pathologic correlation of peripheral neurilemoma is discussed by
      using a special immunoperoxidase technique.

PMID- 3691543
TI  - Hepatic haemangioma: dynamic MRI using gadolinium-DTPA.
AB  - Six patients with hepatic haemangioma were examined with a 1.5 tesla magnetic
      resonance scanner before and immediately after bolus injection of 0.05 mmol/kg
      gadolinium-DTPA. Eight to ten spin-echo images (TR: 100 msec, TE: 20 msec,
      scanning time: 26 sec) were obtained through the region of the haemangioma. In
      all cases, dense contrast enhancement of the lesion was demonstrated. The
      enhancement spread in all directions from the lesion on subsequent delayed scans
      (high signal fill-in); a signal higher than that from surrounding hepatic
      parenchyma was present two minutes after contrast injection. Dynamic MRI is a
      promising method for the evaluation of hepatic haemangioma and it is more easily
      tolerated by patients than dynamic CT using iodinated contrast medium.

PMID- 3691545
TI  - MRI in cranial tuberculosis.
AB  - A case of multiple intracranial tuberculomas is presented. CT and MRI findings
      are discussed and compared. MRI showed multiple tuberculomas characterised by the
      same signal intensity as the surrounding brain parenchyma. Differentiation could
      be achieved only by the perifocal oedema of high signal intensity. Changes of the
      lesions during chemotherapy were monitored by CT and MRI and the results are
      presented.

PMID- 3691546
TI  - Intracystic tumour of the male breast. Case report.

PMID- 3691547
TI  - Fine structural studies of the bipolarization of the mitotic apparatus in the
      fertilized sea urchin egg. I. The structure and behavior of centrosomes before
      fusion of the pronuclei.
AB  - During fertilization the sperm brings two centrosomes into the egg. One
      centrosome contains a centriole of normal length originally seen as the basal
      body of the sperm flagellum. Characteristically, the proximal half is enwrapped
      in osmiophilic material. This centrosome is attached to the centrosomal fossa, a
      bowl-shaped depression of the nuclear envelope of the male pronucleus.
      Microtubules radiate out from the osmiophilic half characterizing this structure
      as a centrosome and microtubule organizing center (MTOC). The second centrosome
      which also acts as an MTOC is attached to the mitochondrion of the sperm. At the
      beginning it appears as an unstructured accumulation of osmiophilic material out
      of which later on centriolar microtubules grow. Though this centrosome is marked
      by an immature centriole it is capable of organizing microtubules and of
      reproducing itself. This centrosome becomes loosely associated with the female
      pronucleus by means of microtubules. Then it separates from the mitochondrion
      which finally is lost. When the two pronuclei fuse, the centrosome derived from
      the basal body remains firmly attached to the centrosomal fossa, which has
      persisted in the envelope of the zygote nucleus after pronuclear fusion. Using
      the fossa as a marker of the position of this centrosome on the nuclear surface,
      we conclude that it is a stationary centrosome in the process of bipolarization
      for the first mitosis.

PMID- 3691548
TI  - Fine structural studies of the bipolarization of the mitotic apparatus in the
      fertilized sea urchin egg. II. Bipolarization before the first mitosis.
AB  - After fusion of the two pronuclei the former sperm head centrosome is attached to
      the envelope of the zygote nucleus while the former mitochondrial centrosome is
      only loosely associated with it. These two centrosomes are not yet in opposite
      positions but are separated from each other by spreading centrosomal material.
      This spreading is mediated by microtubules. It is concluded that the attached
      centrosome remains stationary while the motile one is moved around the nuclear
      surface to an antipodal position, 180 degrees from the other. The first
      bipolarization process which occurs prior to the breakdown of the nuclear
      envelope is compared to the second and all other bipolarizations: Similarities
      and dissimilarities can be found, but similar or identical mechanisms for both
      processes are assumed.

PMID- 3691549
TI  - Release of enzymes of intermediary metabolism from permeabilized cells: further
      evidence in support of a structural organization of the cytoplasmic matrix.
AB  - Cultured BSC-1 cells were exposed to the mild ionic detergent, Brij 58, and the
      time course of the release of three enzymes of intermediary metabolism (lactate
      dehydrogenase, aldolase, and creatine phosphokinase) was determined
      spectrophotometrically. Their release correlates well with the overall decrease
      in structural complexity of the cytoplasmic matrix. However, each of the three
      enzymes tested has its own characteristic time-dependent release profile, a
      result suggesting enzyme-specific variability in their association with the
      cytomatrix. Cells lysed for 5 min in Brij 58 and then transferred to detergent
      free glycolysis medium were able to produce lactate from glucose, an observation
      consistent with the idea that all enzymes of the glycolytic pathway remained in
      the cytomatrix. These observations are consistent with a structural rather than
      viscous organization of the cytoplasm and suggest that cytoplasmic components
      other than cytoskeletal filaments are able to form parafilamentous, metastable
      complexes.

PMID- 3691550
TI  - ATP requirement for induced tight junction formation in HT 29 adenocarcinoma
      cells.
AB  - Tight junctions (TJ) of the fascia occludens type can be rapidly assembled in the
      human colon adenocarcinoma cell line HT 29 under the influence of trypsin or
      ammonium sulfate. We have studied the influence of the metabolic inhibitors,
      dinitrophenol (DNP) and deoxyglucose (DG), on the induced formation of TJ in this
      cell line. A reduction of the ATP level by DG treatment to 20% of control values
      did not affect the amount and complexity of induced TJ fibrils. However, under
      conditions of severe ATP depletion obtained by DNP, the velocity of TJ formation
      was substantially reduced, and the arrangement of the TJ fibrils as observed by
      freeze-fracture electron microscopy showed characteristic changes.

PMID- 3691551
TI  - Identification of endogenous sugar-binding proteins (lectins) in human placenta
      by histochemical localization and biochemical characterization.
AB  - Human placentas of different stages of development were histochemically analyzed
      for expression of endogenous sugar-binding proteins using a panel of biotin
      conjugated, chemically glycosylated probes with specificity for beta
      galactosides, alpha-galactosides, alpha-mannosides, alpha-fucosides and alpha
      glucosides. Temporal differences in the expression of sugar-binding proteins and
      different patterns of staining of the component cell types of human placenta were
      discerned, especially pronounced for alpha-fucoside-specific binding in the
      trophoblast and alpha-glucoside-specific binding in fetal and maternal
      macrophages. Fractionation of salt and detergent extracts from human placentas by
      affinity chromatography on columns with immobilized carbohydrates or
      glycoproteins substantiated the histochemically detectable temporal changes on
      the basis of alterations in the pattern of individual sugar-binding proteins, as
      determined by gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions. Analysis of the
      trophoblastic layer primarily disclosed the presence of several additional sugar
      binding proteins (lectins) in comparison to full-term placenta. The presence and
      developmental changes of such endogenous sugar receptors may lead to specific
      carbohydrate-protein interactions of physiological significance with similarly
      developmentally regulated carbohydrated portions of glyco-conjugates, already
      detected in human placenta by plant lectins.

PMID- 3691552
TI  - Ultrastructural immunocytochemical localization of cyclic AMP-dependent protein
      kinase regulatory subunits in rat parotid acinar cells.
AB  - Polyclonal antibodies to types I and II regulatory (R) subunits of cyclic AMP
      dependent protein kinase (cA-PK) were utilized in a post-embedding immunogold
      labeling procedure to localize these proteins in rat parotid acinar cells. Both
      RI and RII were present in the nuclei, cytoplasm, rough endoplasmic reticulum
      (RER), Golgi apparatus, and secretory granules. In the nuclei, gold particles
      were mainly associated with the heterochromatin. In the cytoplasm, the label was
      principally found in areas of RER. Most gold particles were located between
      adjacent RER cisternae or over their membranes and attached ribosomes; occasional
      particles were also present over the cisternal spaces. Labeling of the Golgi
      apparatus was significantly greater than background, although it was slightly
      lower than that over the RER cisternae. In secretory granules, gold particles
      were present over the granule content; no preferential localization to the
      granule membrane was observed. Morphometric analysis revealed equivalent labeling
      intensities for RI and RII in the cytoplasm-RER compartment. Labeling intensities
      for RII in the nuclei and secretory granules were about 50% greater than in the
      cytoplasm-RER, and 3 to 4-fold greater than values for RI in these two
      compartments. Electrophoresis and autoradiography of the postnuclear parotid
      tissue fraction, the contents of purified secretory granules and saliva collected
      from the main excretory duct, after photoaffinity labeling with [32P]-8-azido
      cyclic AMP, revealed the presence of R subunits. Predominantly RII was present in
      the granule contents and saliva, while both RII and RI were present in the cell
      extracts. Additionally, R subunits were purified from saliva by affinity
      chromatography on agarose-hexane-cyclic AMP. These findings confirm the
      localization of cA-PK in parotid cell nuclei and establish the acinar secretory
      granules as the source of the cyclic AMP-binding proteins in saliva.

PMID- 3691553
TI  - A phosphorylation-sensitive anti-rhodopsin monoclonal antibody reveals light
      induced phosphorylation of rhodopsin in the photoreceptor cell body.
AB  - Rho-1C5, a monoclonal antibody sensitive to phosphorylation of rhodopsin, bound
      to the retinal photoreceptor cell body region of dark-adapted but not light
      adapted 8 to 13-day-old-rats. There was no cell body labeling visible either
      before or after this time, although the photoreceptor outer segments were labeled
      at all times from postnatal day 5 (PN5) onwards, in both light and dark adapted
      retinas. However, opsin was detectable in the photoreceptor cell body region from
      birth onwards using another rhodopsin antibody binding to a site unaffected by
      phosphorylation. Competitive inhibition radioimmunoassays also indicated light
      dependent differences in Rho-1C5 binding at PN8 and adult. Biochemical studies
      showed light-dependent phosphorylation of rhodopsin at PN8, PN13 (just after eye
      opening) and adult. These data indicate that rhodopsin can be phosphorylated in a
      light-regulated manner early in development before eye opening and imply that
      photoactive chromophores can attach to opsin in the cell body as well as the
      outer segment.

PMID- 3691554
TI  - Effects of early defibrillation of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients by
      ambulance personnel.
AB  - During the year of this study, the specially trained ambulance personnel
      initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation in 307 out of hospital cardiac arrest
      patients. All arrests, regardless of aetiology, age or other circumstances, were
      studied. The mean age for the arrest patients was 66 years. The majority of
      arrests occurred in elderly patients at home. Although as many as 70% of the
      arrests were witnessed, cardiopulmonary resuscitation had been initiated in only
      15% of patients before the arrival of the ambulance. One hundred and forty
      patients had rapid ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation when the
      ambulance arrived (mean delay of 7.8 +/- 3.7 min). The effects of defibrillation
      could be fully evaluated in 135 patients. QRS complexes, with a rate between 20
      and 110 min-1, were seen after defibrillation in 94 patients, persistent asystole
      in 26 patients and persistent ventricular fibrillation, despite one or more 360 J
      DC shocks, in 15 patients. Nineteen of the 94 patients who had a return of QRS
      complexes also had a return of pulse shortly after defibrillation without further
      advanced life support measures, while another six patients had a return of pulse
      after further life support therapy. Six of the 32 ventricular fibrillation
      patients (19%) reached within 4 min and three of the 63 ventricular fibrillation
      patients (5%) reached between 4-8 min survived. An estimated 4.2 lives per
      100,000 inhabitants a year were saved when early defibrillation was used as the
      only addition to the basic life support provided by the present ambulance
      service.

PMID- 3691555
TI  - Plasma viscosity and haematocrit in the course of acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - Plasma viscosity and haematocrit were determined in 44 patients with acute
      myocardial infarction on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 10th day of hospitalization. The
      highest haematocrit value for the entire group was found on the 1st day of acute
      myocardial infarction--43.3 SD +/- 4.6% declining progressively to 38.8 SD +/-
      3.5% on the 10th day (P less than 0.001). Plasma viscosity for the entire group
      was normal on the first day of acute myocardial infarction (1.44 SD +/- 0.10 cp)
      and started to increase on the second day (1.51 SD +/- 0.16 cp, P less than
      0.001). A relationship was found between reinfarction or death (17 patients)
      occurring during hospitalization and changes in haematocrit and plasma viscosity.
      In this group plasma viscosity rose to 1.63 SD +/- 0.19 cp on the second day of
      acute myocardial infarction (P less than 0.001 vs plasma viscosity value on the
      first day). This elevation persisted on the third day. Haematocrit values in this
      group were 47.9 SD +/- 3.6% on the first day of acute myocardial infarction
      declining progressively and significantly afterwards. In the remaining patients
      both plasma viscosity and haematocrit were normal and did not change. No
      correlation of plasma viscosity and haematocrit were found when tested for other
      clinical complications, sex, age, maximal creatine phosphokinase values and
      coronary risk factors. We suggest that variations in haematocrit and plasma
      viscosity during acute myocardial infarction exist in a group of patients in whom
      reinfarction or death occurs. The changes in haematocrit and plasma viscosity
      precede the complications by 4-8 days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3691556
TI  - Right and left ventricular ejection fractions: relation to one-year prognosis in
      acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - Right and left ventricular ejection fractions (RVEF and LVEF) were measured by
      radionuclide angiography in 423 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
      All investigations were performed at hospital discharge. Of 304 patients with
      first AMI, 26% had normal ejection fractions, 10% had a decrease in RVEF only,
      46% a decrease in LVEF only, and 18% decrease in both RVEF and LVEF. Death from
      cardiac causes occurred in 52 patients in a one-year follow-up period. A reduced
      RVEF at hospital discharge had little, if any, relation to one-year mortality. In
      contrast, there was an inverse curvilinear relationship between LVEF and one-year
      cardiac mortality.

PMID- 3691557
TI  - Physical training and occupational rehabilitation after aortic valve replacement.
AB  - Forty-four patients were tested 2, 6 and 12 months after an isolated aortic valve
      implantation in order to evaluate the influence of training and vocational
      assistance on physical work capacity and the rate of reemployment. They were
      randomly allocated to a training group (A) or a control group (B). Training was
      carried out from the eighth to the twelfth week after operation and the socio
      occupational status was evaluated. Training increased physical work capacity,
      expressed as cumulated work (CW), by 58 per cent (P less than 0.001), decreased
      the rate-pressure product (RPP) by 13 per cent (P less than 0.001) and the rate
      of perceived exertion (RPE) by 13 per cent (P less than 0.001) at the highest
      comparable work load. The CW was 38 per cent higher in the training than the
      control group after 6 (P less than 0.02) and 37 per cent after 12 months (P less
      than 0.025). After one year 81 per cent in group A and 65 per cent in group B
      were working (NS). Reemployment correlated significantly with the CW and
      inversely with the duration of sick leave prior to operation. Thus, physical
      training shortly after aortic valve operation rapidly and persistently improves
      physical work capacity while return to work is less influenced by training and
      socio vocational assistance.

PMID- 3691558
TI  - Reference values for pulsed Doppler signals from the blood flow on both sides of
      the aortic valve.
AB  - Pulsed Doppler signals were recorded in 215 healthy subjects, 120 males and 95
      females, between 1 and 65 years of age. The measurements were performed in the
      left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) and in the ascending aorta (AAO). Amplitude
      spectra from the Doppler signals were stored in digital form together with
      adjustment data for the instrument, the simultaneously registered ECG and
      respiration signal. The maximum velocity (Vmax), the maximum acceleration (Amax)
      and the width of the velocity distribution around Vmax (width) were derived from
      these spectra and used for the characterization of the signals. These parameters
      were computed without observer interaction using a computer program. Effects of
      age, sex, body surface area, heart rate and respiration were studied. Reference
      ranges were calculated. The following conclusions can be drawn: Vmax and Amax in
      the AAO decrease clearly with increasing age from approximately 100 to 60 cm s-1
      and from 2000 to 1000 cm s-2 (medians), respectively. The variation of the width
      in the AAO is greater for people over 45 years. Vmax, Amax and width in the LVOT
      increase slightly with advancing age from approximately 60 to 80 cm s-1, 800 to
      1000 cm s-2 and 12 to 15 cm s-1 (medians), respectively. These parameters of flow
      were either unrelated or only weakly related to other physiological variables in
      this study group.

PMID- 3691559
TI  - Unusual electrocardiographic patterns of modulated parasystole.
AB  - Modulation of a parasystolic rhythm implies that the latter is affected by
      nonparasystolic beats in predictable ways. When modulation occurs the diagnosis
      of ventricular parasystole cannot be made by applying the well-known 'classical'
      criteria. This report deals with clinical tracings from three cases having
      modulated parasystole with unusual characteristics. Case 1 showed a 24-hour
      diurnal variability of parasystolic modulation characterized by its occurrence
      during only part of the period of sleep (from 1 to 5 am). In case 2, modulated
      ventricular parasystole produced episodes of intermittent ventricular bigeminy
      with fixed coupling resembling those attributed to a reentry mechanism. The
      proper diagnosis was made when the sinus cycle length changed abruptly. Finally,
      in case 3, the idionodal rhythm from a patient with complete AV block was shown
      to be not only parasystolic, but also modulated. In addition, the idionodal
      rhythm was entrained (captured) in a concealed fashion by paced beats so that the
      post-pacing events did not conform with those occurring during overdrive pacing
      of parasystolic nonmodulated, or nonparasystolic, idionodal rhythms. These
      findings constitute the clinical counterpart of experimental studies performed
      with microelectrode techniques.

PMID- 3691560
TI  - Electrophysiologic properties of falipamil (AQA-39)--a new bradycardiac agent.
AB  - Falipamil hydrochloride (AQA 39) is a new antiarrhythmic agent structurally
      related to verapamil. We evaluated the electrophysiologic properties of
      intravenous falipamil (1.5 mg kg-1 within 20 minutes) in 12 patients. The
      spontaneous cycle length was significantly (P less than 0.001) prolonged (+79 +/-
      59 ms). Atrioventricular conduction was significantly (P less than 0.001) shorter
      due to AH interval shortening (-17 +/- 14 ms), most probably related to an
      anticholinergic effect. Similarly, the anterograde Wenckebach point occurred at a
      significantly (P less than 0.06) higher rate after falipamil (+10 +/- 7 beats min
      1). No statistically significant effect was noted on the refractory periods of
      the AV node, although there was a trend to shortening. The refractoriness of the
      right atrium and ventricle was significantly prolonged. It is concluded that
      falipamil is a bradycardiac agent with electrophysiologic properties quite
      different from those of verapamil and similar to those of class IA antiarrhythmic
      agents.

PMID- 3691561
TI  - The influence of ischaemia on the electrophysiological properties of amiodarone
      in chronically treated rabbit hearts.
AB  - The effects of 30 min zero-flow ischaemia and reperfusion on the
      electrophysiological properties of amiodarone were studied in 11 rabbits treated
      with oral amiodarone (mean 117 mg kg-1, day-1) for 2-3 months, and 11 controls.
      Experiments were performed in vitro in the isolated perfused interventricular
      septum, and preischaemic values were compared with those obtained in right
      ventricular papillary muscles from the same hearts. Prior to ischaemia, mean
      values of action potential duration (APD90) and effective refractory period (ERP)
      were prolonged by 13% in the amiodarone-treated septa. Action potential upstroke
      velocity (Vmax) was reduced by 14% in the septa, but by 42% in papillary muscles.
      Ischaemia resulted in shortening of APD90 in both control and amiodarone-treated
      septa, with a loss of the ability of amiodarone to prolong APD90. In contrast,
      ischaemia resulted in a greater fall in Vmax, gross lengthening in conduction
      time and increase in stimulation threshold in the amiodarone-treated septa
      compared with controls. Reperfusion resulted in a restoration of the action of
      amiodarone on repolarization, and resolution of the marked effects on
      excitability and conduction. The electrophysiological properties of amiodarone
      are considerably altered in ischaemic myocardium, with a reversible loss of its
      ability to prolong repolarization, but evidence suggestive of a marked
      enhancement of its effect on the inward sodium current.

PMID- 3691562
TI  - Functional morphology of the mammalian sinuatrial node.
AB  - The primary pacemaker area is located at the site with lowest percentage of
      myofilaments and the highest rate of diastolic depolarization in rabbit, guinea
      pig, cat and pig. All investigated sinuatrial nodes contained large amounts, 45%
      or more, of collagen. There was, however, substantially more collagen in the
      sinuatrial nodes of the cat and the pig than in the rabbit and the guinea-pig.
      This had, however, no consequences for the sinuatrial conduction time and the
      regularity of the beat-to-beat cycle length in the different species, because the
      rabbit and cat had comparable sinuatrial conduction times, although their nodal
      collagen content was very different and the beat-to-beat cycle length showed a
      comparable variability in the different species. We conclude that extensive
      proliferation of collagen and fibroblasts does not necessarily impair
      intercellular coupling in the sinuatrial node.

PMID- 3691563
TI  - A case of four coronary artery fistulae originating from three vessels associated
      with aneurysm.
AB  - A case of an aneurysm associated with four coronary artery fistulae originating
      from three vessels is reported. The patient, a 52-year-old woman, had chest
      heaviness and palpitations. Coronary arteriography revealed the four fistulae
      originating from three coronary vessels with an aneurysm draining into the left
      ventricle and the main pulmonary artery. The patient's symptoms were relieved
      after fistulectomy and the aneurysmectomy, suggesting that a coronary steal
      phenomenon through the fistulae was the cause of her symptoms. This case is of
      interest because of its rarity, since this is the first case report of an
      aneurysm associated with four coronary artery fistulae from three vessels.

PMID- 3691564
TI  - Assessment of percutaneous catheter valvuloplasty for calcified aortic stenosis.

PMID- 3691565
TI  - Quality of life in gynaecological cancer.

PMID- 3691567
TI  - Serum retinol level in patients with pre and malignant lesions of female genital
      tract.
AB  - The blood retinol level in women with genital tract malignancies and in a control
      group has been determined. In all groups of patients the mean serum retinol level
      was significantly lower than in control group. Based on these results we can
      postulate, that the low retinol level could predispose to the development of
      malignancy in female genital tract.

PMID- 3691566
TI  - Surgical strategy management following lymph nodal positivity at the three levels
      (a retrospective and perspective study).
AB  - The purpose of this study is to evaluate the type of distribution, regular or
      irregular, of metastases in lymph nodes of I, II and III level. We inted also to
      establish if the levels of lymph nodal areas represent an evaluation index of
      prognostic risk more effective than other ones. The results evidenced that in
      19.2% of all the classes N+ metastases were not increasing regularly from the
      level I to the level III. The influence of seven factors on disease free survival
      has been evaluated: pT, pN, number of metastatic nodes, ER+ or ER-, PgR+ or PgR-,
      grading, metastatic level at axillary lymph nodes. The present report points out
      that only the extent of tumor and lymph nodal level have a statistically
      significant influence on disease free survival. Comparison among disease free
      survival curves stage N0 with N+ at I level and with N+ at II level revealed that
      there is no significant difference of survival among these classes, while the
      comparison between the first 3 classes and N+ at III level is statistically
      significant.

PMID- 3691568
TI  - Evaluation of colposcopy in the screening of pre-malignant and malignant lesions
      of uterine cervix.
AB  - In an attempt to evaluate the effectiveness of colposcopy in screening pre
      malignant and malignant lesions of uterine cervix, one hundred cases of atypical
      colposcopical findings were cytologically and histologically analysed along with
      one hundred individuals with typical colposcopical appearance. It was observed
      that moderate dysplasia, severe dysplasia and malignant lesions of uterine cervix
      reveal certain distinct changes in the colposcopic "Transformation Zone" which
      are well related to the cytological and histological findings. The results
      suggested that colposcopy might be undertaken as a rapid, reliable and
      complementary tool for cancer screening in a vastly populated country like India.

PMID- 3691570
TI  - Proceedings of the national meeting of the Italian Society of Gynaecological
      Oncology. Catania (Italy), December 9-10, 1985.

PMID- 3691569
TI  - A new technique in endometrial sampling.
AB  - The utility of endometrial cytology in the diagnosis of uterine pathology has led
      to the development of many methods of sampling; ours uses a rubber tube whose tip
      has been cut and in its place inserted a steel tip specially made, to the
      diameter of the tube, and 2-3 cm long. The withdrawal is normally carried out
      without any need for the dilation of the cervical canal and without having to
      pinch the neck of the uterus, the stell tip being pushed backwards and forwards
      by the extractor carrying out a curettage of the cavity. The material obtained is
      both abundant and of sufficient quality for a histological examination, besides
      the cytological one.

PMID- 3691571
TI  - The effects of diet discontinuation in children with phenylketonuria.

PMID- 3691572
TI  - Continuation vs discontinuation of low-phenylalanine diet in PKU adolescents.

PMID- 3691574
TI  - Phenylketonuria: outcome and problems in a "diet-for-life" clinic.

PMID- 3691573
TI  - Intellectual and school performances in early-treated classical PKU patients. The
      French collaborative study.

PMID- 3691575
TI  - Trace elements nutriture in hyperphenylalaninemic patients. Long-term follow up
      study.

PMID- 3691577
TI  - Stereoselective disposition of flupentixol: influence on steady-state plasma
      concentrations in schizophrenic patients.
AB  - Steady-state plasma concentrations of cis(Z)-flupentixol (active principle) and
      trans(E)-flupentixol (inactive) were measured in 41 patients at least on one
      occasion. Results indicate that concentrations of the trans-isomer are
      significatively higher. This demonstrates that the two isomers are not handled in
      the same way by the organism. This may be relevant if plasma level monitoring is
      performed using non-specific analytical methods.

PMID- 3691576
TI  - Ciprofloxacin biliary disposition in cholecystectomised patients with special
      references to HPLC and bioassay data.
AB  - The biliary disposition of ciprofloxacin was studied in 12 recently
      cholecystectomised patients during 24 hours following a single oral
      administration of 500 mg of the drug. Ciprofloxacin was measured in serum, urine,
      bile and faeces by both high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and
      bioassay. The results were found to be comparable for the concentrations in serum
      (mean Cmax = 0.97 +/- 0.17 microgram/ml by HPLC and 1.08 +/- 0.19 microgram/ml by
      bioassay) and in urine (0.6 h: 267 +/- 74 micrograms/ml and 241 +/- 58
      micrograms/ml respectively). Higher concentrations were found in bile when
      measured by bioassay compared with HPLC (peak concentration = 10.3 +/- 3.4
      micrograms/ml and 7.5 +/- 2.8 micrograms/ml respectively; p less than 0.02). The
      total biliary elimination was also significantly higher according to bioassay
      data (2167 +/- 288 micrograms/ml versus 1587 +/- 222 micrograms/ml; p less than
      0.01). This suggests a first pass effect and hepatic biotransformation of
      ciprofloxacin to one or more active metabolite (s).

PMID- 3691578
TI  - A variable reabsorption time-delay model for pharmacokinetics of drugs.
AB  - A two-compartment model with time delay is proposed to describe the
      pharmacokinetics of drugs subject to enterohepatic circulation. This model is
      applicable when the reabsorption is repeated several times at unequal intervals.
      Sample applications are provided.

PMID- 3691579
TI  - Metabolic disposition of Rolziracetam in laboratory animals.
AB  - The metabolic disposition of [14C]-labeled Rolziracetam (CI-911) was studied in
      rhesus monkeys, beagle dogs, and Wistar rats after both p.o. and i.v. doses.
      Intravenously administered CI-911 was rapidly eliminated from systemic
      circulation with an apparent elimination half-life of less than 25 min. Plasma
      radioactivity was 10-20 times higher than that of parent drug and persisted much
      longer. After oral doses, only traces of intact drug were detected in plasma,
      whereas total radioactivity reached peak concentrations within 0.5-1 h indicating
      rapid absorption. The extent of absorption determined from plasma radioactivity
      and urinary excretion data was 90% or better. Tissue distribution of
      radioactivity in rats showed the highest concentrations in the liver and kidneys
      (12-30 times greater than plasma levels) with decreasing levels in the lungs,
      gonads, heart, spleen, muscle, and brain. Urinary excretion accounted for nearly
      90% of the administered dose while fecal recovery was less than 5%. The sole
      metabolite present in plasma, tissues, and urine was identified as 5-oxo-2
      pyrrolidinepropanoic acid (PD 106,687).

PMID- 3691580
TI  - Oxiracetam pharmacokinetics following single and multiple dose administration in
      the elderly.
AB  - The kinetics of the nootropic drug oxiracetam was studied in 6 elderly female
      patients (age range 69-96 years) in good physical condition. After a single oral
      dose (800 mg), serum oxiracetam levels reached a peak (25 +/- 6 micrograms/ml)
      within 1-3 h and declined thereafter with a half-life of 3 to 6 h. Eighty-four
      percent of the administered dose was recovered in urine as unchanged drug within
      24 h. During a maintenance regimen (800 b.i.d. at 8 a.m. and 2 p.m.) for 7 days
      oxiracetam did not show any accumulation in serum, trough serum levels before the
      morning and afternoon doses being 4.6 +/- 2.3 and 17.0 +/- 8.2 micrograms/ml
      respectively on day 4 and 5.7 +/- 3.3 and 17.9 +/- 7.7 micrograms/ml respectively
      on day 7. Comparison with previous pharmacokinetic data obtained in young
      subjects suggests that the clearance of the drug is lower in the elderly,
      probably as a result of the physiological decrease in renal function in old age.

PMID- 3691581
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime and its desacetyl metabolite in plasma and in
      cerebrospinal fluid.
AB  - The aim of the study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic modelling of
      Cefotaxime (CTX) and its main metabolite Desacetyl Cefotaxime (DCTX) which has a
      less antibacterial activity than the CTX. After intravenous administration of 1g
      of CTX to 26 patients, the plasma concentrations determined by HPLC showed that
      the pharmacokinetics of CTX and transformation to DCTX can be described with an
      open five-compartment model. The implications of this are discussed from the
      clinical point of view.

PMID- 3691582
TI  - A visual recognition memory test for the assessment of cognitive function in
      aging and dementia.
AB  - Young, non-demented elderly, and elderly demented subjects were administered a
      computerized visual recognition memory task. In the task, subjects were
      instructed to point out the new object from a group of objects whose number was
      progressively incremented. The test was subject-paced and made use of face-valid
      stimulus materials; it is closely comparable to tests developed for memory
      assessment in non-human primates that are sensitive to the effects of hippocampal
      ablation. The present task was found to elicit significant differences in
      performance between young and non-demented aged subjects, between the non
      demented and demented elderly, and between demented subjects in the early and
      more advanced stages of senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT). In a
      discriminant analysis, the visual recognition memory test scores correctly
      classified 72.6% of the aged subjects and early SDAT patients. No significant
      difference in task performance was found between SDAT patients and demented
      patients with a significant cerebrovascular etiological component. Thus, although
      the task does not appear to be suitable for diagnostic purposes it would be
      useful for the assessment of treatment effects upon age-related cognitive
      dysfunction.

PMID- 3691583
TI  - Older and younger adults' memory for structured and unstructured events.
AB  - Because the everyday memory demands of older adults often tend to be event-based,
      a complete view of memory functioning should include assessments of event memory.
      To this end 48 older and younger adults were asked to participate in one of two
      hierarchically structured events. They were tested for their memory immediately
      afterwards and again a week later. The procedural event was composed of a series
      of actions logically related and ordered in a necessary sequence to accomplish a
      goal. In contrast, the temporal event was organized with respect to locations and
      objects within those locations, but no logically necessary relationship or order
      existed among them. The results indicated that older and younger adults differed
      less in their recall of statements which summarized the event than in their
      recall of the actions composing the event. Both young and old benefited by the
      greater organization inherent in the procedural event but there was some tendency
      for younger adults to use this information more effectively. Thus, even memory
      for event-based information is susceptible to age-related decline but this effect
      appears to be influenced by the structural characteristics of an event.

PMID- 3691584
TI  - Remembering mnemonics: a three-year follow-up on the effects of mnemonics
      training in elderly adults.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to assess the long-term impact of providing
      training in mnemonics to a small group of elderly adults. We wished to determine
      if such training could be utilized effectively some three years (34 months) after
      initial training. Nine of ten original subjects consented to take part in the
      retesting exercise. Ages ranged from 66 to 85 yrs (M = 73.5). Our results
      demonstrate that though loci generally were available for use in remembering a
      new word list, they usually were not effectively utilized to enhance recall. Our
      participants also agreed that the training they had received was useful. In spite
      of this, a majority of the respondents did not use the method of loci after
      training. However, adults of all ages often do not utilize mnemonics training
      once its effectiveness has been demonstrated. Therefore, creating effective
      cognitive interventions may require that we adopt techniques that have been shown
      to improve compliance in other areas of healthy living.

PMID- 3691585
TI  - Selective attenuation in brightness for brief stimuli and at low intensities
      supports age-related transient channel losses.
AB  - A brightness estimation experiment was conducted on 10 old (ages 60 to 77) and 10
      young (ages 22 to 27) volunteers. Participants were introduced to magnitude
      estimation by scaling the lengths of line stimuli, after which they dark adapted
      for 10 minutes. Stimuli for brightness estimation were presented binocularly via
      a free-viewing system and consisted of circular flashes of 2 degrees. Stimuli
      covered a 3 log unit range of luminance levels in 0.5 log unit steps, and 3
      durations (10, 100, 1000 msec). Linear regression analysis yielded dual-branched
      functions with a low intensity segment which was significantly steeper in slope
      than the high intensity segment. The slope for the older group was significantly
      less steep than that of the younger observers only at the low intensity segment.
      Findings with respect to stimulus duration showed a significantly attenuated
      slope for the old as compared to the young group only at 10 msec. The results
      extend previous threshold results to suprathreshold levels, and are consistent
      with an hypothesis of a selective loss of transient channels with age.

PMID- 3691586
TI  - Memory self-assessment and performance in aged diabetics and non-diabetics.
AB  - Non-insulin dependent diabetes in older adults is associated with elevated
      depression and a greater decline in certain aspects of cognitive functioning than
      is found with normal aging. This study sought to determine whether diabetics
      report more memory complaints in carrying out their daily activities, and if
      memory self-assessments are reflective of performance on laboratory tasks. Middle
      aged (55-64 years) and old (65-74 years) diabetics and non-diabetic control
      subjects were studied. Results showed that both diabetes and increased age were
      associated with poorer performance on some cognitive tests as well as with more
      self-reported memory problems. When depression levels were statistically
      controlled, the diabetes variable was no longer a significant predictor of memory
      complaints. The usefulness of self-assessments as an adjunct to more objective
      cognitive test measures was discussed.

PMID- 3691587
TI  - Frequency-of-occurrence memory over the adult lifespan.
AB  - As part of a large scale normative study involving a number of cognitive tasks,
      233 subjects, all noncollege students ranging in age from 20 to 79 years,
      performed two frequency judgment tasks. A modest, but statistically significant,
      age-related deficit was found, with the decrement in proficiency being largest
      from middle to late adulthood.

PMID- 3691588
TI  - Are older adults generally more conservative? Some negative evidence from signal
      detection analyses of recognition memory and sensory performance.

PMID- 3691589
TI  - Over-the-counter sales of drugs in Sweden 1976-1983.
AB  - The over-the-counter (OTC) sales of drugs were estimated by subtraction of sales
      on prescription and to hospitals from total drug sales in Sweden during the
      period 1976-1983. Increased sales of antitussives and decreased sales of
      expectorants characterized cough remedies. Making topical nasal decongestants
      available as OTC drugs immediately resulted in a large and increasing volume of
      OTC sales. Among analgesics, sales of acetaminophen and acetylsalisylic acid +
      caffeine combinations increased, while those of other groups decreased. Drugs for
      disorders of the alimentary tract were second to analgesics in the numbers of
      packs sold; amongst them antacids and laxatives dominated. Laxative sales
      decreased due to decreased sales of stimulant preparations. Vitamin C and
      multivitamin preparations dominated OTC vitamin sales. The sales of topical
      corticosteroids, only available as OTC drugs during the last quarter of 1983,
      were substantial. The OTC drug sales statistics reflect patterns of self
      medication and may be used to monitor this important part of health care.

PMID- 3691590
TI  - Aspirin: effects on performance in man.

PMID- 3691591
TI  - Therapeutic drug monitoring of digoxin.

PMID- 3691592
TI  - Comparison of concomitant nicardipine hydrochloride and propranolol with
      propranolol alone in patients with essential hypertension.
AB  - A twelve-week parallel study was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of
      nicardipine plus propranolol with that of propranolol alone in 67 patients with
      mild to moderate essential hypertension. Efficacy data was analysed for 50
      patients. The regimens used were 90 mg X day-1 of nicardipine and 120 mg X day-1
      of propranolol. Both treatments significantly reduced supine and standing
      systolic and diastolic blood pressure from baseline values at all visits. At all
      visits, concomitant administration of nicardipine and propranolol produced a
      greater reduction in systolic and diastolic pressures than did propranolol alone,
      although the difference between treatments did not always reach statistical
      significance. Few adverse events were reported, and none was clinically
      important. We conclude that nicardipine taken concomitantly with propranolol is
      more effective than propranolol alone in treating patients with hypertension and
      that the combined regimen is well tolerated.

PMID- 3691593
TI  - Nisoldipine in primary Raynaud's phenomenon.
AB  - The efficacy and tolerability of the dihydropyridine derivative nisoldipine was
      assessed in 36 patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon. Nisoldipine was given
      at doses of 5 mg and 10 mg daily for one month each in a placebo controlled
      double-blind cross-over trial. There was no subjective improvement in symptoms or
      changes in resting finger blood flow, platelet aggregability or red cell
      deformability after nisoldipine. The incidence of unwanted effects was similar to
      that previously described with nifedipine, suggesting that plasma concentrations
      of nisoldipine were sufficient to cause pharmacodynamic effects. Nisoldipine, in
      contrast to nifedipine is ineffective in the treatment of primary Raynaud's
      phenomen when given in a dose of up to 10 mg/day.

PMID- 3691594
TI  - The effects of substituting frusemide for a thiazide diuretic in the drug
      regimens of patients with essential hypertension.
AB  - Eighteen patients with mild to moderate hypertension on a drug regimen which
      included a thiazide diuretic had the latter substituted by frusemide for twelve
      weeks after an initial two-week placebo wash-out period. Blood pressure and heart
      rate and a number of plasma and urinary biochemical indices were measured.
      Significant findings included a reduction in standing blood pressure and an
      elevation of plasma sodium, potassium, chloride, osmolarity, creatinine and
      alkaline phosphatase levels at the end of the twelve week frusemide phase
      relative to the values on the thiazide. However the means for all the biochemical
      indices remained within the normal laboratory reference limits. In the 24-hour
      urinary studies, no significant findings emerged, apart from an elevated calcium.
      The foregoing suggest that frusemide is an effective component of an anti
      hypertensive drug regimen and that in a dose of 40 mg/day it produces no
      detectable perturbations of plasma electrolytes. The significance of the enhanced
      levels of urinary calcium excretion in conjunction with the augmented plasma
      alkaline phosphatase is unclear.

PMID- 3691595
TI  - Factors responsible for interindividual differences in the dose requirement of
      phenprocoumon.
AB  - The total and unbound plasma concentrations of phenprocoumon and the prothrombin
      complex activity were determined in 51 patients on phenprocoumon. A 7-fold
      difference in the dosing rate (10-70 micrograms/kg/day) was required to maintain
      the prothrombin complex activity at 11-30% of normal. The variation in dosing
      requirement was mainly due to interindividual differences in the intrinsic
      clearance of phenprocoumon and only to a minor degree to differences in
      sensitivity to it. On average patients with myocardial infarction required only
      2/3 of the daily dose of phenprocoumon of post cardiac surgery patients and
      patients with thrombosis and emboli. That difference appeared to be due to higher
      clearance in surgical patients and to greater resistance to phenprocoumon in
      patients with thrombosis and emboli. The total clearance in patients varied
      approximately 5-fold. It was better predicted by the interindividual intrinsic
      clearance (r = 0.84) than by the unbound fraction (r = 0.15).

PMID- 3691596
TI  - Effect of drugs on oro-caecal transit time assessed by the lactulose/breath
      hydrogen method.
AB  - The comparative actions of two benzamides; the one metoclopramide, having and the
      other, BRL 20627, lacking dopamine receptor antagonist properties have been
      investigated on orocaecal transit time (OCTT) using the lactulose/breath hydrogen
      method. In addition, the action of codeine, propantheline and domperidone on OCTT
      has been assessed. Similar quantitative reductions in apparent OCTT were found
      with metoclopramide and BRL 20627 thus, metoclopramide 20 mg orally and 10 mg
      i.v. brought about 32.5% and 42% reductions in OCTT. Similar reductions were also
      found using 20 mg BRL 20627 orally and 10 mg i.v. (31 and 26% respectively). In
      addition 20 mg domperidone orally was found to cause a 10% reduction. Codeine
      orally and propantheline i.m. brought about increases in the assessed transit
      time.

PMID- 3691597
TI  - The pharmacokinetics of indoramin and 6-hydroxyindoramin in poor and extensive
      hydroxylators of debrisoquine.
AB  - Five poor metabolisers (PM) and seven extensive metabolisers (EM), of
      debrisoquine, all healthy volunteers, received 50 mg indoramin orally following
      an overnight fast. Plasma concentrations of indoramin and 6-hydroxyindoramin were
      determined by HPLC with fluorimetric detection. In PM subjects, mean values of
      Cmax (158 ng/ml) and AUC(0-24) (2556 ng X h X m-1) for indoramin were
      substantially elevated and t 1/2 beta (18.5 h) prolonged by comparison with
      values in the EM subjects (21.6 ng/ml, 151 ng X h X ml-1 and 5.2 h respectively).
      For 6-hydroxyindoramin, on the other hand, Cmax (12.4 ng/ml) and AUC (0-8) (47.5
      ng X h X ml-1) in PM subjects were significantly lower than in the EM subjects
      (28.2 ng/ml and 94.7 ng X h X ml-1). There was a tendency to a higher incidence
      of side-effects in the PM group. Although the difference did not achieve
      statistical significance (0.1 greater than p greater than 0.05), all the PM
      subjects experienced sedation compared to only two in the EM group. Differences
      in blood pressure and pulse rate between the two groups were small. It is
      concluded that the oxidative metabolism of indoramin is subject to genetic
      polymorphism, which is probably under the control of the same gene locus as that
      influencing debrisoquine oxidation. The clinical consequences are discussed.

PMID- 3691598
TI  - A modified pharmacokinetic model for platinum disposition in ovarian cancer
      patients receiving cisplatin.
AB  - We have fitted a first-order multicompartment pharmacokinetic model to plasma
      platinum concentrations measured in nine ovarian cancer patients who received
      intravenous infusions of cisplatin for 6 h. The time-course of ultrafilterable
      plasma platinum was similar in all patients studied, and was fitted by a single
      compartment within the limits of experimental detection. However, the time-course
      of protein-bound platinum showed marked differences between patients, the
      differences being explained by distribution to two peripheral compartments. The
      wide inter-patient variation observed in protein-bound plasma platinum
      concentrations supports the view that pharmacokinetic modelling should be carried
      out separately for each patient, since averaging plasma concentrations would have
      obscured some individual pharmacokinetic characteristics.

PMID- 3691599
TI  - Continuous recording of drug prescribing in Sweden 1974-1983. Methods and
      examples of utilization of data.
AB  - Drug prescribing in Sweden under the National Insurance Act has been continuously
      recorded since 1974. A random sample of 1 in 288 is drawn from the about 24
      million prescriptions issued yearly and the following data are recorded:
      dispensing pharmacy, type of prescription, year and month of dispensing, year of
      birth and sex of the patient, trade name, quantity, dosage, and price of the
      drug. The numbers of prescriptions of drugs free of charge increased by 32%
      between 1974 and 1983, while that of price deducted drugs decreased by 7%. The
      national cost of drugs rose sharply during the period. The per capita cost of
      drugs to persons aged greater than or equal to 75 years was more than eight-fold
      higher than for persons aged less than or equal to 14 years. A two-fold
      difference in the number of prescription items was found between women and men,
      and there were nine- to ten-fold differences between age-groups. Total
      prescribing varied modestly over time, as did the prescribing to most patient
      groups and for most groups of drugs. Exceptions to this were prescribing to
      children, particularly of antiallergic drugs for which a 50% increase was
      observed between 1974 and 1975, mainly due to increased prescribing of
      phenylpropanolamine. The recording of prescriptions as described is useful for
      early identification of new patterns of drug use and for mapping drug utilization
      and drug dosages in different age groups. The system is particularly powerful as
      a complement to other methods for recording drug use in Sweden, e.g. wholesale
      sales statistics and individual prescription monitoring in the county of
      Jamtland.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3691600
TI  - Methylergometrine antagonizes 5 HT in the temporal artery.
AB  - Methylergometrine, the main metabolite of methysergide, has 40-times greater 5 HT
      antagonistic potency than methysergide in isolated segments of human temporal
      artery. It is suggested that methylergometrine is the "active" drug when
      methysergide is used in migraine prophylaxis, and that the two compounds should
      be compared in prophylactic trials in migraine.

PMID- 3691601
TI  - Effect of theophylline on respiratory neuromuscular drive.
AB  - To investigate the possible mechanisms by which theophylline affects the control
      of ventilation, neuromuscular drive and ventilatory function were examined in 7
      healthy men receiving an incremental intravenous aminophylline dosing schedule to
      achieve plasma theophylline concentrations of 5, 10, and 15 micrograms/ml. As
      compared with the baseline (predose) values, the 3 incremental aminophylline
      doses significantly (p less than 0.05 to 0.01) increased occlusion pressure
      (P0.1) and maximum inspiratory pressure static (MIPS) at functional residual
      capacity (FRC). This was not observed for ventilatory flow (V), tidal volume
      (VT), inspiratory time to total breathing cycle time ratio (Ti/Ttot) VT/Ti, and
      effective impedance [P0.1/VT/Ti)]. When maximum electrical activity of diaphragm
      (Edimax) and transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdimax) were examined in 3 of the 7
      subjects, Pdi/Edi tended to increase with increasing theophylline concentrations,
      while Edimax did not. Our results suggest that the increase in P0.1 during the
      increase in aminophylline dose is caused by an improvement in respiratory muscle
      contractility, rather than by a central effect or by an increase in neural drive.

PMID- 3691602
TI  - Influence of prednisolone on antipyrine elimination in patients with obstructive
      lung disease.
AB  - The influence of prednisolone on the elimination of antipyrine has been
      investigated. The one-sample antipyrine clearance was estimated in 23 outpatients
      with obstructive lung disease before and after treatment with prednisolone 30 or
      50 mg/day for 7 days. During prednisolone administration antipyrine clearance
      decreased from 54.9 +/- 14.8 to 51.7 +/- 14.6 ml/min (mean +/- SD; p less than
      0.05). The results indicate that prednisolone decreases the rate of antipyrine
      elimination, but not to an extent suggesting a clinically important change in
      hepatic drug metabolism.

PMID- 3691603
TI  - Hepatic enzyme induction and vitamin K1 elimination in man.
AB  - We have studied the effect of hepatic enzyme induction on vitamin K1 elimination
      in patients on long-term anticonvulsant therapy and in volunteers given
      rifampicin. Neither the anticonvulsants (phenytoin and phenobarbitone) nor
      rifampicin had any significant effect on vitamin K1 elimination half-life or AUC.
      The neonatal haemorrhage which occurs in babies born to mothers on long-term
      enzyme inducing drugs is unlikely to be related to an increased rate of vitamin K
      elimination in the mother.

PMID- 3691604
TI  - The efficacy of a transdermal formulation of clonidine in mild to moderate
      hypertension and its effects on the arterial and venous vasculature of the
      forearm.
AB  - We have studied the efficacy of clonidine hydrochloride administered
      transdermally once a week for 9 to 15 weeks in 12 patients with mild to moderate
      hypertension. Clonidine reduced both supine and standing blood pressures on
      average, but only 8 subjects were responders, i.e. had a decrease in supine
      diastolic blood pressure to below 90 mm Hg or more than 10% from baseline. Supine
      heart rate was unchanged, but in the responders the orthostatic increase in heart
      rate was reduced by clonidine from baseline (p less than 0.05). Moreover, in all
      the patients the change in the orthostatic increase in heart rate was correlated
      with the change in supine diastolic pressure (p less than 0.05). Brachial artery
      blood flow, forearm arterial compliance, vascular resistance, and venous tone
      were not affected by clonidine. Thus, transdermal clonidine reduced blood
      pressure, probably by a baroreflex-mediated effect, but did not affect the
      vasculature of the forearm.

PMID- 3691605
TI  - The relationship between the QT interval and plasma amiodarone concentration in
      patients on long-term therapy.
AB  - We have studied 27 patients on long-term treatment (6-60 months) with amiodarone
      (dose range 350 mg per week to 2800 mg per week) to ascertain whether the
      corrected QT interval could predict plasma amiodarone or plasma
      desethylamiodarone concentration. The patients were assessed on three or four
      occasions one month apart. There were positive correlations for delta % QTc and
      plasma amiodarone and delta % QTc and plasma desethylamiodarone. There was
      approximately a four-fold variation for delta % QTc and plasma amiodarone. This
      variation was not accounted for by between-occasion variation in the QTc
      interval, as the coefficient of variation was 2.1%. In six of the patients delta
      % QTc either decreased or did not change. delta % QTc is not a reliable predictor
      of plasma amiodarone concentration in the individual patient over time.

PMID- 3691606
TI  - Cardiac and microcirculatory effects of different doses of prostaglandin E1 in
      man.
AB  - A cumulative dose response to intravenous PGE1 was established in 12 healthy
      volunteers. Systolic time intervals, including pre-ejection period (PEP), the
      ventricular ejection time (VET) and the RR-interval, were continuously
      determined, and transcutaneous oxygen pressure (tcpO2) was recorded. RR-intervals
      fell in a dose dependent manner, reaching a significantly lower level at 128
      ng.kg-1.min-1 of PGE1 (basal value 842 ms falling to 756 ms). PEP decreased from
      89 ms to 74 ms and the ratio PEP/VET decreased from 35% to 30%, indicating
      increased myocardial contractility. The maximal increase in tcpO2 was 125% on the
      calf and 60% on the foot. The peak tcpO2 was observed at an infusion rate of 16
      ng.kg-1.min-1 PGE1. A decline in tcpO2 was seen at infusion rates greater than 64
      ng.kg-1.min-1 PGE1 indicating a decrease in skin perfusion. The results indicate
      that the effects of intravenous PGE1 on skin perfusion occur at a lower threshold
      than the increase in myocardial contractility. A maximal increase in skin
      perfusion can be achieved with doses of PGE1 devoid of systemic haemodynamic
      effects.

PMID- 3691607
TI  - Psychomotor, respiratory and neuroendocrinological effects of buprenorphine and
      amitriptyline in healthy volunteers.
AB  - Actions and interactions of buprenorphine (BUP) and amitriptyline (AMI) on
      performance and respiration were studied double-blind and cross-over in 12
      healthy volunteers. After one-week pretreatments with AMI or placebo, the
      subjects received on Day 8 placebo, BUP or AMI so that the final treatments were
      1) placebo, 2) acute AMI 50 mg, 3) acute BUP, 4) subchronic AMI + acute BUP and
      5) subchronic AMI. The subacute treatments were started at two-week intervals. A
      Mapleson D rebreathing circuit including a pneumotachograph and an infrared
      capnograph was employed to study drug effects on respiration. Minute volume and
      end-tidal carbon dioxide as well as psychomotor performance were measured and the
      blood samples taken on Day 8 before the drug intake and 2 and 4 h thereafter. The
      performance tests included tracking, choice reaction, flicker fusion, exophoria,
      nystagmus, digit symbol substitution and the subjective assessment of mood. BUP
      depressed respiration, and subchronic AMI increased this depression. Both BUP and
      acute AMI 50 mg each alone impaired various measures of performance and rendered
      the subjects drowsy, feeble, mentally slow and muzzy but subchronic AMI did not
      enhance BUP effects. BUP increased plasma prolactin levels similarly after both
      pretreatments. The results suggest that both BUP and AMI moderately affect
      psychomotor performance but the interaction between these agents is mild and
      restricted mainly to respiration.

PMID- 3691608
TI  - Predictability of serum concentrations of aminoglycosides after haemodialysis.
AB  - The study was undertaken to look for a correlation between the measured
      elimination rate constants (k) of aminoglycosides and creatinine during
      haemodialysis. The pharmacokinetics of aminoglycosides were studied during 44
      courses of haemodialysis in 21 patients. The measured k of gentamicin and
      tobramycin from the start until 30 min after the end of haemodialysis (mean 0.18
      h-1; t1/2 = 3 h 51 min) was significantly correlated with the measured k of
      creatinine (mean 0.13 h-1; t1/2 = 5 h, 20 min), and also with the gentamicin and
      tobramycin k during haemodialysis (mean 0.20 h-1, t1/2 = 3 h, 28 min), as
      predicted by a computer program. Thus, serum concentrations of aminoglycosides 30
      min after haemodialysis can be estimated by simple regression equations. However,
      because the measured and predicted values may diverge considerably in the
      individual patient, monitoring of aminoglycoside concentrations in serum after
      haemodialysis remains necessary.

PMID- 3691609
TI  - Effect of age on the pharmacokinetics of vinpocetine (Cavinton) and apovincaminic
      acid.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of vinpocetine and its main metabolite, apovincaminic acid
      (AVA), were studied in the aged. Vinpocetine was eliminated with a mean half-life
      of 2.12 +/- 0.51 h. Total plasma clearance (CL) and distribution coefficient
      (delta) of the parent drug were 2.2 +/- 0.9 l.kg-1.h-1 and 6.7 +/- 3.7 l.kg-1,
      respectively. The CL and delta of vinpocetine differed significantly from young
      subjects but the elimination half-life was not altered. Significant changes in
      the elimination half-life and plasma clearance of AVA were found, perhaps because
      of the physiological decrease in renal function.

PMID- 3691610
TI  - Acute effects of trimetazidine evaluated by exercise testing.
AB  - A single dose of 60 mg trimetazidine (the normal daily dose) improved exercise
      capacity in angina pectoris, as reflected by an increase in the duration of
      exercise, total work performed, and improvement in ECG signs of ischaemia. All
      these effects occurred without any detectable chronotropic or vasomotor effect.
      The importance of this study is to demonstrate that these beneficial effects,
      already well-recognized after chronic administration of 20 mg three times a day,
      also occur after a single administration equivalent to the normal daily dose.

PMID- 3691611
TI  - Excretion of oxazepam in breast milk.
AB  - Oxazepam was measured in plasma and breast milk during 3 days of medication and
      10 and 34 h after the last dose. The half-life estimated from levels in plasma
      and milk was approximately 12 hours. Less than 1/1000 of the maternal dose would
      have been excreted in 1 l breast milk.

PMID- 3691612
TI  - A theophylline dosage regimen which reduces round-the-clock variations in plasma
      concentrations resulting from diurnal pharmacokinetic variation.
AB  - Slower drug absorption at night can leave residual drug from an evening dose of a
      sustained-release product remaining to be absorbed at the time of the next
      morning's dose, thereby giving higher plasma concentrations of the drug during
      the day than the night. When a capsule product releasing theophylline over 12 h
      after a morning dose was given repetitively at 8 a.m. and 8 p.m. for 4 days,
      daytime plasma concentrations from 4 h to 8 h after the dose were about 40%
      greater than corresponding night-time concentrations, and the mean steady-state
      concentration during the night-time interval was only 81% of that during the
      daytime interval. Altering the regimen to one capsule at 12 noon and one at 10
      p.m. eliminated all significant differences between a.m. and corresponding p.m.
      plasma concentrations of theophylline and between the mean steady-state
      concentrations for each of the interdose intervals within a day.

PMID- 3691613
TI  - The disposition and metabolism of (+)-cyanidanol-3 in patients with alcoholic
      cirrhosis.
AB  - The effect of alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver on the disposition and metabolism
      of (+)-cyanidanol-3 has been studied in three patients. Following oral intake of
      U-14C-(+)-cyanidanol-3 2 g, the unchanged drug was detected in plasma between 0.5
      and 24 h after dosing and the metabolites, measured only as 14C-levels, were
      still detectable at 120 h. A mean of 55% of the dose was excreted in the urine,
      in which the major metabolites were the glucuronic and sulphuric acid conjugates
      of (+)-cyanidanol-3 and 3'-O-methyl-(+)-cyanidanol-3, although one patient
      excreted a larger proportion as non-conjugated metabolites. The pattern of
      metabolism in the patients did not differ significantly from that in control
      subjects, suggesting that the drug is handled by the cirrhotic liver in a similar
      manner to the normal liver.

PMID- 3691614
TI  - Threshold hypnotic concentration of methohexitone.
AB  - Methohexitone was administered to 8 healthy adult volunteers as a microprocessor
      controlled infusion that generated 3 cycles of linearly increasing plasma levels
      with an anticipated slope of 0.2 microgram.ml-1.min-1. When a deep unconscious
      state was obtained, as indicated by burst suppression in the EEG, the infusion
      was stopped and then restarted when the volunteer was fully orientated. Frequent
      venous blood samples were obtained during and after the infusions to evaluate the
      threshold concentration at induced sleep and the return of orientation, at the
      loss and return of the eye lid reflex and corneal reflex, and the appearance and
      disappearance of EEG burst suppression patterns. From the first to the third
      infusion cycle only a slight and insignificant increase in the mean threshold
      concentrations was observed so the plasma levels were averaged over all three
      infusion cycles. The concentrations (microgram/ml) found were: asleep 3.39 and
      orientated 3.35, loss 4.42 and recurrence 4.32 of eye lid reflex, loss 6.51 and
      recurrence 5.18 of corneal reflex, and appearance 10.7 and disappearance 9.3 of
      burst suppression. Acute tolerance that would have led to a significant increase
      in threshold concentration from the first to the last infusion cycle was not
      demonstrated. If induced sleep and the appearance of EEG burst suppression are
      considered as clinical endpoints of anaesthesia, the therapeutic window of
      methohexitone covers a mean venous serum concentration range of 3.4 to 10.7
      micrograms/ml.

PMID- 3691615
TI  - Increased urinary excretion of toxic hydrazino metabolites of isoniazid by slow
      acetylators. Effect of a slow-release preparation of isoniazid.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that slow acetylators, who may have a greater risk of
      developing isoniazid hepatitis than rapid acetylators, are exposed to more
      acetylhydrazine and hydrazine, two toxic metabolites of isoniazid, the urinary
      excretion of hydrazino metabolites of isoniazid was measured following the
      ingestion of 300 mg isoniazid. Slow acetylators (n = 7) excreted significantly
      more isoniazid (32.4 vs 9.2% dose), acetylhydrazine (3.1 vs 1.6% dose), and
      hydrazine (1.0 vs 0.4% dose) in 24 h than rapid acetylators (n = 5), whereas the
      excretion of acetylisoniazid and diacetylhydrazine was significantly lower. As
      the acetylation (i.e. detoxification) of acetylhydrazine is inhibited in the
      presence of high concentrations of isoniazid, a study was also made of the effect
      of a slow-release preparation that results in lower plasma concentrations of
      isoniazid on the production of hydrazino metabolites. The ratio of
      acetylisoniazid to isoniazid in urine was significantly increased in slow
      acetylators from 0.84 to 1.02 following administration of the slow release
      preparation, indicating increased acetylation of isoniazid. However, the
      excretion of diacetylhydrazine relative to the excretion of acetylhydrazine and
      hydrazine did not change. It is concluded that exposure to toxic metabolites of
      isoniazid is increased in slow acetylators. Detoxification of the toxic
      metabolites was not enhanced by a slow-release preparation of isoniazid.

PMID- 3691616
TI  - Penetration of praziquantel into cerebrospinal fluid and cysticerci in human
      cysticercosis.
AB  - Two patients with cysticercosis received praziquantel (PZQ) 75 mg/kg/day orally
      together with 30 mg prednisone daily for 3 weeks. The first patient presented
      with grand-mal seizures, a pyramidal tract syndrome and subcutaneous cysticerci,
      and the other had internal hydrocephalus necessitating drainage. Serial plasma
      samples were taken after the first dose of PZQ. Lumbar CSF was obtained from the
      first patient and ventricular CSF from the second. Subcutaneous cysticerci were
      removed from the first patient. PZQ in the specimens was assayed by GLC. For
      distribution between plasma and CSF a rate constant of 4.9 h-1 for free PZQ,
      corresponding to a t1/2 of 8 min or less for the non-protein bound fraction was
      calculated for Patient 1. In the second patient the distribution was so rapid
      that the rate constant could not be calculated. The difference in distribution
      rate might have been due to use of different sampling times or to a time lag in
      the entry of PZQ between the ventricles and the lumbar sac. The rate constant for
      distribution of the drug between plasma and parasites was 1.4 h-1, corresponding
      to a t1/2 of 30 min or less. Thus PZQ penetrates rapidly into the CSF. It enters
      the parasite more slowly, although still more rapidly than the plasma half-life
      of PZQ (1-1 1/2 h).

PMID- 3691617
TI  - The pharmacokinetics of intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous nalbuphine
      in healthy subjects.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of intravenously, intramuscularly, and subcutaneously
      administered nalbuphine were studied in three parallel groups of 12 healthy
      volunteers each. The subjects received single doses of 10 mg and 20 mg of
      nalbuphine separated by a one week washout period. Blood specimens were obtained
      up to 15 h after dosing for determination of nalbuphine. Mean plasma nalbuphine
      concentrations 5 min after intravenous administration of 10 or 20 mg were 39 and
      73 ng/ml, respectively. The mean maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) after
      intramuscular or subcutaneous administration of nalbuphine 10 mg were 29 and 31
      ng/ml, respectively. Mean Cmax values after 20 mg doses were 60 and 56 ng/ml.
      Mean Cmax occurred 30 to 40 min after nalbuphine administration. The mean
      elimination half-lives of parenterally administered nalbuphine ranged between 2.2
      and 2.6 h, regardless of dose given or route administered. The mean absolute
      bioavailability was 81% and 83% for the 10 and 20 mg intramuscular doses,
      respectively, and 79% and 76% following 10 and 20 mg of subcutaneous nalbuphine.
      The mean volumes of distribution (Vss) of the intravenously administered drug
      were 290 and 274 l and the mean systemic clearances were 1.6 and 1.5 l/min
      following administration of 10 and 20 mg doses, respectively. Intramuscular and
      subcutaneous nalbuphine appear to be interchangeable based on the similarities in
      Cmax, mean times until maximum concentration, mean AUC data, and absolute
      bioavailabilities.

PMID- 3691618
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of bendazac-lysine and 5-hydroxybendazac in patients with renal
      insufficiency.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of bendazac and its major metabolite, 5-hydroxybendazac,
      have been investigated in 15 patients with moderate to severe renal insufficiency
      and renal failure following a single oral dose of 500 mg bendazac-lysine. The
      pharmacokinetic parameters were compared to those obtained in 10 healthy adult
      volunteers. The rate and the extent of absorption of bendazac was not modified in
      the patients with moderate and severe renal insufficiency, nor was there any
      change in plasma tmax, Cmax, apparent elimination t1/2 and AUC. There was a
      significant increase in the unbound fraction of bendazac in renal failure
      patients undergoing haemodialysis, with a consequent increase in the apparent
      volume of distribution (V/F) and apparent plasma clearance (CL/F), and a decrease
      in plasma Cmax and AUC. Simultaneous changes of V/F and CL/F lead to an unchanged
      plasma t1/2 in these patients. Renal clearance (CLR) was decreased, but CL/F was
      not affected, since renal excretion is a minor route of elimination of bendazac.
      Bendazac is mostly eliminated by metabolism to 5-hydroxybendazac, in healthy
      subjects greater than 60% of a dose being excreted in urine as 5-hydroxybendazac
      and its glucuronide. In patients with renal insufficiency urinary excretion of 5
      hydroxybendazac was decreased and the systemic availability of the metabolite
      (AUC), was increased about three-fold, irrespective of the degree of renal
      failure. Plasma 5-hydroxybendazac glucuronide accumulated according to the degree
      of renal insufficiency. Overall it can be assumed that the pharmacological effect
      of the drug will not be enhanced in renal failure and that the dosage regimen of
      bendazac-lysine in such patients need not be modified.

PMID- 3691619
TI  - Effects of chronic metoprolol treatment on glucose tolerance after myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - Chronic treatment with metoprolol of postmyocardial infarction patients did not
      influence the response to an intravenous glucose tolerance test. Treatment with
      metoprolol of patients with a previously abnormal intravenous glucose tolerance
      test was not associated with a negative influence on the long-term prognosis.

PMID- 3691620
TI  - Propranolol pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics after single doses and at
      steady-state.
AB  - The duration and extent of cardiac beta-blockade and their relationship to
      propranolol pharmacokinetics were assessed in nine healthy volunteers. Each
      subject received 160 mg of regular propranolol (R), 160 mg of sustained-release
      propranolol (SR) and no drug (control), both as single doses and once daily for 7
      days. After single doses and at steady-state, both products caused a decrease in
      exercise heart rate for at least 24 h, compared to control. The time course of
      effect was similar to the time course of serum propranolol concentration. The
      oral clearance of propranolol decreased from single doses to steady-state for
      both R and SR; however, the difference achieved statistical significance only for
      R. These changes were reflected in mean accumulation ratios (AUC steady-state 0
      24 h/AUC single dose 0-infinity) of 1.49 and 1.68 for R and SR, respectively. The
      pharmacokinetic data are consistent with a decrease in intrinsic hepatic
      clearance of propranolol, leading to an increase in bioavailability at steady
      state. Despite a two-fold difference in the bioavailability of R and SR, there
      was no difference in the area under the effect-time curve at steady-state.

PMID- 3691621
TI  - The effect of selective and non-selective cholinergic blockade on bombesin- and
      peptone-stimulated gastrin release.
AB  - We have studied the effects of the selective muscarinic M1-receptor antagonist
      pirenzepine and the non-selective muscarinic antagonist atropine on bombesin- and
      peptone-stimulated gastrin release in healthy subjects. Pirenzepine (i. v. bolus
      0.6 mg/kg) and atropine (i. v. bolus 15 micrograms/kg, followed by an infusion of
      5 micrograms.kg-1.h-1) were given in doses equipotent in terms of reduction of
      gastric acid secretion. Neither affected bombesin- or peptone-stimulated gastrin
      release. These findings do not support the involvement of M1-receptors in the
      cholinergic regulation of gastrin release and suggest that the reduction in acid
      secretion caused by pirenzepine is not mediated by inhibition of gastrin release.

PMID- 3691622
TI  - Effect of iron deficiency anaemia and its treatment on sulphadimidine absorption.
AB  - The effect of iron deficiency anaemia and its treatment on the absorption of
      sulphadimidine has been investigated in adult patients. The absorption judged by
      total % of the dose excreted in urine and Cmax, tmax, AUC and Kabs in plasma, was
      not significantly different before and after iron therapy or correction of
      anaemia. However, sulphadimidine absorption by the anaemic patients was
      significantly greater than in normals.

PMID- 3691623
TI  - Plasma free fatty acids and protein binding of disopyramide during haemodialysis.
AB  - The binding of disopyramide (DSP) to plasma (or serum) proteins was determined
      using an ultrafiltration technique in three patients undergoing haemodialysis. An
      increase in the free fraction (FF) of DSP during dialysis occurred together with
      elevation of the free fatty acid (FFA) level in plasma. The effect of FFA on
      protein binding in vitro was examined using DSP- and FFA-spiked solutions
      containing human alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and serum albumin. The FF of DSP rose
      in proportion to increasing FFA levels, supporting the in vivo observations. The
      findings suggest that the free concentration of DSP should be routinely
      monitored, especially in haemodialysis patients.

PMID- 3691624
TI  - Effect of dose size on amodiaquine pharmacokinetics after oral administration.
AB  - Plasma and urine concentrations of amodiaquine (AQ) and desethylamodiaquine (AQm)
      have been measured after oral administration of AQ 200, 400 and 600 mg in
      randomised order to 6 healthy subjects. The relationships between AQ dose size
      and the areas under the plasma concentration vs time curves for AQ and AQm were
      linear. Likewise there were linear relationships between AQ dose size and the
      mass of both AQ and AQm excreted in the urine. These data indicate that after
      oral administration within this dose range AQ displays first-order
      pharmacokinetics.

PMID- 3691625
TI  - Are pre-ejection period changes specific for inotropic effects?

PMID- 3691626
TI  - Urinary excretion of cimetropium bromide after multiple oral doses.

PMID- 3691628
TI  - Human monoclonal immunoglobulins that bind the human acetylcholine receptor.
AB  - Myeloma immunoglobulins, once thought to be without any immunological function,
      are now known to be reactive with many antigens, including self components. We
      have screened 149 monoclonal immunoglobulin samples and found 14 (9%) to react
      with the human acetylcholine receptor (AChR). Such anti-AChR antibodies are often
      associated with the autoimmune disease myasthenia gravis (MG). The anti-AChR
      binding of the myeloma components was restricted to the F(ab')2 fragment and the
      affinities were similar to anti-AChR antibodies isolated from MG patients.
      Despite the presence of anti-AChR antibodies none of the patients exhibited any
      symptoms of MG.

PMID- 3691629
TI  - The action of some new aminopyridines on mammalian non-myelinated nerve fibres.
AB  - The effects of a recently synthesized series of aminopyridines 2-methyl-4-AP, 2
      chloro-4-AP and 2-(N,N-methyl-benzyl)amino-4-AP (2A-7) on voltage-operated sodium
      and potassium channels and on the sodium pump activity of non-myelinated fibres
      of the guinea-pig vagus nerve were studied with the sucrose-gap method. The
      compound action potential evoked by electrical stimulation and the propagation
      velocity along the nerve were not affected by 2-methyl-4-AP or 2-chloro-4-AP up
      to a concentration of 10(-3) M. The post-tetanic potential (PTH) evoked by
      repetitive stimulation of the nerve and reflecting sodium pumping was also not
      affected by these agents. The amplitude and duration of the compound action
      potential were enhanced to some extent by 2-methyl-4-AP at the highest
      concentration used (3 X 10(-3) M); this action was also observed and was more
      pronounced with 4-aminopyridine (4-AP). The other aminopyridine 2A-7 (3 X 10(-5) 
      3 X 10(-4) M) caused suppression of the compound action potential, a diminished
      propagation velocity and a reduction of the PTH, an action also observed with
      lidocaine. These results show that 2-methyl-4-AP and 3-chloro-4-AP did not affect
      the voltage-operated sodium or potassium channels in non-myelinated fibres of the
      vagus nerve. Only 2-methyl-4-AP had a small 4-AP-like action at high
      concentrations. The aminopyridine 2A-7 possesses a local anaesthetic action as
      reflected by the inhibition of voltage-operated sodium channels.

PMID- 3691627
TI  - Impairment of immunogenicity by antigen presentation in liposomes made from
      dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine linked to the secretion of prostaglandins by
      macrophages.
AB  - The induction of antibody response in syngeneic rats by the Gross virus cell
      surface antigen (GCSAa) was dependent on the presentation of GCSAa into liposomes
      made from distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC). GCSAa liposomes made from
      dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DMPE) were nonimmunogenic, even when used as
      anamnestic immunogens. Spleen cells, from rats twice immunized with GCSAa-DSPC
      liposomes and used to transfer the anti-GCSAa immune response into naive
      recipients after a tertiary immunostimulation in vitro in the presence of naive
      peritoneal exudate cells (PEC), responded to soluble GCSAa only after irradiation
      at 500 rds and to GCSAa-DMPE-liposomes only when indomethacin was added during
      the in vitro stimulation. The preincubation of these cells with empty DMPE
      liposomes or the addition of supernatant from PEC fed with DMPE liposomes
      abrogated the response to GCSAa-DSPC liposomes. Using a specific
      radioimmunoassay, prostaglandin E2 was demonstrated to be produced by PEC when
      fed with DMPE liposomes, and not when fed with DSPC liposomes. This prostaglandin
      E2 secretion by PEC induced by DMPE liposomes was inhibited by indomethacin.

PMID- 3691630
TI  - Behavioural and electrocortical power spectrum effects of 5-methoxytryptoline and
      other analogs after intraventricular administration in rats.
AB  - The behavioural and electrocortical power spectrum effects of tryptoline and the
      5-hydroxy and 5-methoxy derivatives were studied after microinjection of the
      drugs into the third cerebral ventricle in freely moving rats. The three
      compounds produced a dose-dependent desynchronication in electrocortical activity
      with a concomitant syndrome of behavioural stimulation. The most potent compound
      was 5-methoxytryptoline, already active at 4 nmol. When given into the third
      cerebral ventricle, 5-methoxytryptoline antagonized the sedation and hypothermia
      induced by reserpine. The relative order of potencies was 5-methoxytryptoline
      greater than 5-hydroxytryptoline greater than tryptoline. Melatonin, the 5
      methoxy-N-acetyl derivative of serotonin, when injected into the third cerebral
      ventricle, did not produce desynchronization and elicited only mild sedation. The
      high potency of 5-methoxytryptoline following injection into the third cerebral
      ventricle and the relative order of potencies with 5-hydroxytryptoline and
      tryptoline is compared to the affinity of these compounds for the modulatory site
      of the serotonin transporter which was labelled with [3H]imipramine or
      [3H]paroxetine.

PMID- 3691631
TI  - Low temperature augments the endothelium-dependent relaxation in isolated rat
      aorta.
AB  - The norepinephrine-induced contraction in isolated rat aorta was relaxed (by
      approximately 35%) by a decrease in bath temperature from 37 to 35 degrees C and
      was augmented (by approximately 30%) by an increase to 39 degrees C. The effect
      of temperature was inhibited by endothelium removal, methylene blue or
      hemoglobin. The carbachol-induced, endothelium-dependent relaxation and the
      sodium nitroprusside-induced relaxation were decreased at 39 degrees C and
      increased at 35 degrees C. These results suggest that low temperature augments
      the effect of inhibitory substances released from vascular endothelium, possibly
      by a change in the sensitivity of smooth muscle cells to this substance.

PMID- 3691632
TI  - R 56865 prevents electrical and mechanical signs of ouabain intoxication in
      guinea-pig papillary muscle.
AB  - The effect of the new compound R 56865 on ouabain-induced intoxication (8 X 10(
      7) mol/l) was studied in guinea-pig papillary muscle. The positive inotropism
      induced by ouabain was not impaired by R 56865. Mechanical signs of intoxication,
      e.g. extrasystoles and contracture, as well as the development of spike-like
      action potentials could be prevented by pretreatment with R 56865 (3 X 10(-10)
      10(-6) mol/l). We speculate that this new compound prevents ouabain-induced Ca
      overload of cardiac muscle.

PMID- 3691633
TI  - Nicardipine causes sympathetic activation that does not involve baroreceptor
      reflex tachycardia in conscious sinoaortic-denervated dogs.
AB  - Nicardipine-induced tachycardia is generally attributed to the involvement of the
      baroreflex. The effects of nicardipine on blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR)
      as well as on plasma catecholamine levels were studied in six conscious dogs made
      hypertensive by sinoaortic denervation. Nicardipine (50, 100 and 200
      micrograms/kg i.v.) induced both a significant decrease in mean BP and a marked
      increase in HR in these dogs whereas the catecholamines rose significantly.
      Nicardipine-induced tachycardia cannot be explained by a baroreflex mechanism
      only. It is suggested that nicardipine induces an increase in HR and sympathetic
      tone, probably by a direct action on central cardiovascular mechanisms.

PMID- 3691634
TI  - The effect of gonadectomy on antinociception induced in mice by swim stress.
AB  - A 30 s swim in water at 30 degrees C reduced the number of abdominal
      constrictions produced in mice by i.p. acetic acid. Naloxone antagonised this
      stress-induced antinociception in the female but not in the male. Orchidectomy
      altered neither the antinociception nor its insensitivity to naloxone antagonism.
      However, oophorectomy completely abolished the antinociception induced by the
      swim. These results suggest a sex difference in the involvement of the endogenous
      opioid system in swim stress-induced antinociception in mice.

PMID- 3691636
TI  - Acetylcholine mediation of the contractile response to histamine in human bladder
      detrusor muscle.
AB  - In Krebs solution, histamine evokes in human bladder detrusor muscle strips a
      dose-dependent contractile response which consists of two pharmacologically
      distinct responses: a high-sensitivity response evoked at 0.4-2 microM histamine,
      which is potentiated by neostigmine (0.1 microM) or blocked by atropine (0.1
      microM) or ranitidine (1 microM); a low-sensitivity response evoked at 4-40
      microM histamine and blocked by dimethindene or diphenhydramine. These findings
      suggest that the contractile response to low doses of histamine is mediated by
      acetylcholine released from a site proximal to the muscle. This effect of
      histamine seems to be mediated by a site which is insensitive to the H1
      antagonists dimethindene and diphenhydramine but blocked by the H2 antagonist
      ranitidine.

PMID- 3691635
TI  - The intrinsic activities of the partial dopamine receptor agonists (-)-3-PPP and
      TDHL on pituitary dopamine receptors are lower in female than in male rats.
AB  - The abilities of the mixed agonists/antagonists on dopamine (DA) receptors, (-)-3
      (3-hydroxyphenyl)-N-n-propylpiperidine [-)-3-PPP) and transdihydrolisuride
      (TDHL), to suppress serum prolactin levels in acutely hyperprolactinemic male and
      female rats were investigated. gamma-Butyrolactone was used to deplete endogenous
      DA and raise serum prolactin concentrations. Both (-)-3-PPP and TDHL were found
      to cause sexually differentiated responses: (-)-3-PPP reduced serum prolactin
      levels dose dependently and effectively in males but caused only a modest
      decrease of prolactin release in females. Moreover, (-)-3-PPP antagonized the
      prolactin-suppressing effects induced by the DA receptor agonist (+)-3-PPP in
      females. Likewise TDHL decreased prolactin secretion markedly in males while it
      had only slight effects in females. It can be concluded from these results that
      the intrinsic activities of the partial DA agonists (-)-3-PPP and TDHL are lower
      in female than in male rats, suggesting a reduced responsiveness of hypophyseal
      DA receptors in females. Since DA levels in the pituitary portal circulation are
      higher in female than in male rats, this study gives further support to the
      hypothesis claiming an inverse relationship between the intrinsic activity of a
      mixed agonist/antagonist and the degree of previous stimulation of its receptor.

PMID- 3691637
TI  - Nitrous oxide analgesia: partial antagonism by naloxone and total reversal after
      periaqueductal gray lesions in the rat.
AB  - Analgesia induced by nitrous oxide was examined using radiant heat tail flick and
      electrical evoked foot flick tests in rats. Rats exposed to 80 and 60% nitrous
      oxide expressed statistically significant elevations of percent analgesia (% MPE)
      compared to air exposed rats. Rats exposed to 30% nitrous oxide showed no
      significant difference in percent analgesia. Pretreatment with naloxone (10 mg/kg
      s.c.) produced a significant decrease in %MPE and an increase in variance of
      response after exposures to 80% nitrous oxide in a double blind study. Kainic
      acid lesions of the ventral and caudal periaqueductal grey (PAG) reversed
      analgesia produced by 80% nitrous oxide in a crossover blink study compared to
      saline lesions. In conclusion, this evidence suggests that the caudal-PAG-raphe
      mangus-dorsal horn pain inhibition pathway is in part involved in the analgesia
      induced by nitrous oxide.

PMID- 3691638
TI  - Central respiratory depression induced by acetylcholinesterase inhibition:
      involvement of anaesthesia.
AB  - We have studied the effects of anaesthesia on the changes in central respiratory
      activity following the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase in chronically
      implanted cats. The organophosphate paraoxon was administered to the brainstem
      respiratory centres by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection (3 mg) into the
      IVth ventricle, thus avoiding peripheral effects such as paralysis of respiratory
      muscles. Paraoxon had opposite effects on respiratory activity depending on
      whether the cats were anaesthetized or not: it induced respiratory depression and
      sometimes respiratory arrest during pentobarbital (30 mg/kg i.v.) or halothane
      anaesthesia, but in the same animals in the waking state, the same dose of
      paraoxon always stimulated respiration. These results show a strong interaction
      between anaesthetics and the effects of acetylcholine (ACh) accumulation on
      central respiratory activity. This study extends previous results showing an
      interaction between ACh and pentobarbital on single respiratory neurons and
      stresses the importance of a 'wakefulness stimulus' for sustaining respiratory
      activity after organophosphate poisoning.

PMID- 3691639
TI  - Attenuation of cerebral glucose use in kainic acid-treated rats by diazepam.
AB  - Diazepam's impact on kainic acid seizure-induced local cerebral glucose
      utilization (LCGU) was assessed by a quantitative [14C]2-deoxyglucose method.
      Male rats were injected i.p. with either kainic acid (12 mg/kg) or its vehicle, 3
      or 48 h before LCGU determination. Diazepam (3.2 mg/kg) or its vehicle were
      injected i.m. 15 min before, 1 and 2.5 h after kainic acid. Diazepam blocked
      kainic acid-induced overt convulsions, attenuated LCGU increases at 3 h and
      prevented 48 h LCGU decreases in piriform cortex and amygdala. LCGU in (% of
      vehicle): CA3 (438%), CA4 (537%) and CA1-ventral (340%) of hippocampus,
      interpeduncular nucleus (200%) and lateral lemniscus (213%) were still
      significantly above vehicle levels in the 3 h diazepam-kainic acid group. These
      results suggest that diazepam suppresses the spread of kainic acid-induced
      seizure activity from the proposed CA3 epileptogenic focus. In addition, diazepam
      reduces, but does not abolish, hypermetabolic activity at the foci itself.

PMID- 3691640
TI  - Effects of KC 2450 on the lower esophageal sphincter in vivo and in vitro.
AB  - The effect of KC 2450 (racemic 3,5-cis-3-methylamino-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1
      benzoxepine-5-ol hydrochloride) on lower esophageal sphincter pressure in
      pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs was determined and compared to the effect of
      metoclopramide. The ED20 value (i.e. the dose that increased lower esophageal
      sphincter pressure 20 mm Hg) was 0.72 (0.45-1.04) mg/kg i.v. for KC 2450,
      significantly different from 2.18 (1.30-3.42) mg/kg i.v. for metoclopramide (P
      less than 0.01). The superior potency of KC 2450 over metoclopramide also was
      demonstrated at a dose of 2 mg/kg i.v.; KC 2450 produced an increase in sphincter
      pressure of 43.2 +/- 4.4 mm Hg and metoclopramide produced an increase in
      sphincter pressure of only 28.5 +/- 5.4 mm Hg (P less than 0.05). Intraduodenally
      administered KC 2450 increased lower esophageal sphincter pressure at a threshold
      dose of 2 mg/kg with 10 mg/kg producing an increase in pressure of 53.2 +/- 9.9
      mm Hg. KC 2450-induced increases in sphincter pressure were not affected by
      bilateral cervical vagotomy or ketanserin, but were eliminated by atropine and
      reduced by neuronal blockade using tetrodotoxin (TTX). KC 2450 effects also were
      determined in isolated circular strips of lower esophageal sphincter muscle. KC
      2450 produced a concentration-related increase in canine (EC50 = 27 microM) and
      opossum (EC50 = 199 microM) sphincter muscle strip tension. The KC 2450
      concentration-response curve was antagonized by atropine in canine and opossum
      sphincter muscle strips. Neuronal blockade of canine sphincter muscle with TTX
      antagonized the KC 2450 concentration-response curve in a non-competitive
      manner.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3691641
TI  - Differential effects of clonidine and reserpine treatment on neuropeptide Y
      content in some sympathetically innervated tissues of the guinea-pig.
AB  - The effects of treatment with reserpine and/or the selective alpha 2
      adrenoreceptor agonists clonidine and oxymetazoline on tissue levels of
      neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like immunoreactivity (-LI) and noradrenaline (NA) were
      studied in the guinea-pig. Clonidine treatment was associated with an increase in
      the levels of NPY-LI in the right atrium in a time- and dose-dependent manner. A
      significant (45%) elevation of the right atrial content of NPY-LI was present 2 h
      after administration of clonidine (50 micrograms kg-1 s.c.). After 24 h of
      repeated clonidine treatment the atrial levels of NPY-LI had increased by 95%.
      Following chronic clonidine treatment for two weeks, however, the right atrial
      NPY levels were similar to those in control animals. The corresponding cell-body
      content of NPY-LI in the stellate ganglion, remained unaffected by clonidine
      treatment. The levels of NPY-LI were also increased in the gastrocnemius muscle,
      spleen and adrenal gland after clonidine treatment while no changes were detected
      in the vas deferens or hypothalamus. The reserpine-induced reduction of NPY-LI in
      the right atrium, spleen, gastrocnemius muscle and adrenal gland was markedly
      inhibited by concomitant clonidine treatment while no effect was observed on NA
      depletion. The adrenoreceptor antagonists phentolamine, prazosin and yohimbine
      all inhibited the increase in cardiac content of NPY-LI seen after clonidine
      treatment. No elevation of tissue content of NPY-LI was observed after
      oxymetazoline (50 micrograms kg-1 s.c.) which, however, reversed the reserpine
      induced depletion of NPY-LI. The reserpine-induced increase in content of NPY-LI
      in the stellate ganglion was also inhibited by clonidine and
      oxymetazoline.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3691642
TI  - Cholinomimetics induce theta rhythm and reduce hippocampal pyramidal cell
      excitability.
AB  - The actions of cholinomimetics and of physostigmine were tested on two parameters
      reflecting hippocampal activity, namely theta activity and pyramidal cell
      excitability. In rats pretreated with methylscopolamine and anaesthetized with
      urethane i.v. administration of the cholinomimetics oxotremorine and arecoline
      and the cholinesterase blocker physostigmine evoked theta wave activity in the
      hippocampus, which was blocked by scopolamine. Spectral analysis demonstrated
      that the frequency of the theta waves induced was dose-related, ranging from
      about 3 Hz to between 5 and 6 Hz. theta Activity could not be induced by
      arecoline in animals with large septal lesions. Pyramidal cell excitability is
      known to be increased by endogenous acetylcholine released from cholinergic
      fibres. In the present study, however, i.v. injections of oxotremorine, arecoline
      and physostigmine in doses that induce theta activity diminished the excitability
      of CA1 pyramidal cells in a dose-dependent manner, as judged by the reduction in
      the amplitude of the population spike and the dendritic epsp. These depressant
      effects were attenuated by scopolamine but not by methylscopolamine. The
      depressant effect of arecoline was attenuated in rats with extensive lesions in
      the medial septal area. The present findings demonstrate that exogenously
      administered cholinomimetics only partly mimic the action of endogenous
      acetylcholine in the hippocampus. The central sites of action of exogenously
      administered cholinomimetics for mediation of theta activity and alteration of
      pyramidal cell excitability remain to be elucidated.

PMID- 3691643
TI  - Modification of the cardiac transmembrane potentials and currents by polyamines.
AB  - Spermine up to 10(-5) M increased the resting potential (RP) and maximum rate of
      rise (Vmax) of the action potential (AP) and accelerated the initial (20, 50%)
      repolarization in isolated guinea-pig and cat atria. These effects were not
      modified by pindolol (4 X 10(-7) M) or atropine (3 X 10(-7) M) but were prevented
      by indomethacin (10(-6) M). The right papillary muscle of guinea-pig only showed
      the acceleration of repolarization while the other parameters were not changed.
      Spermine did not influence the inward membrane currents under voltage clamp
      conditions in frog sinoatrial fibers. Spermidine up to 10(-5) M increased RP,
      Vmax and the duration of AP in guinea pig papillary muscle. RP, Vmax and AP
      duration were moderately enhanced by spermidine in guinea pig atrium and were not
      changed in cat atrium. Spermidine was found to stimulate the inward membrane
      current. Its stimulatory effect was confined to the fast component of the inward
      current. Neither spermidine nor spermine were able to induce the Ca2+-dependent
      slow AP in 25 mM K+-depolarized atrium. It is suggested that polyamines influence
      cardiac membrane events which are responsible for AP and ionic currents.

PMID- 3691644
TI  - Autoradiography of LSD and 2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine psychotomimetics
      demonstrates regional, specific cross-displacement in the rat brain.

PMID- 3691645
TI  - The effect of diltiazem on ST-segment elevation and myocardial blood flow
      distribution during pacing-induced ischemia.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine if diltiazem can reduce the severity
      of pacing-induced ischemia independently of increases in overall and
      microregional ischemic blood flow. Sixteen anesthetized dogs were subjected to
      atrial pacing and had their left anterior descending coronary arteries (LAD)
      occluded until significant ST-elevation occurred. Cessation of pacing resulted in
      abolition of ST-segment elevation. ST-elevation as well as hemodynamics were
      measured during 5 min periods of pacing + LAD stenosis before, and 10, 40 and 70
      min after treatment with intracoronary (i.c., just distal to the stenosis)
      diltiazem (1.8 micrograms/kg), i.v. diltiazem (180 micrograms/kg) or saline.
      Myocardial blood flow was measured using radioactive microspheres under baseline
      conditions, pacing, pacing + stenosis, and pacing + stenosis + drug (70 min post
      drug). Both i.c. and i.v. diltiazem significantly and similarly reduced pacing
      induced ST-elevation at 40 and 70 min post-drug with the highest measured
      reductions occurring for both at 70 min (50-60% reduction). Overall ischemic
      regional myocardial blood flow was unaffected by i.c. and i.v. diltiazem.
      Diltiazem given i.v. resulted in reduced flow in the lightly ischemic region and
      increased flows in the subepicardial half of the severely ischemic region.
      Diltiazem given i.c. resulted in a reduced subepicardial flow in the lightly
      ischemic region with no other changes occurring in the other regions. Thus, both
      i.c. and i.v. diltiazem can reduce the severity of pacing-induced ischemia and,
      in the doses given, in an equivalent fashion. Diltiazem also seems to be able to
      reduce severity of ischemia in a manner independent of increases in ischemic
      region flow and in fact can reduce flow in marginally ischemic tissue.

PMID- 3691646
TI  - Relaxant effects of ATP and adenosine on canine large and small coronary arteries
      in vitro.
AB  - Rings from greyhound large (3-4 mm internal diameter) and small (less than 200
      microns internal diameter) coronary arteries were mounted in water-jacketed
      tissue baths or a Mulvany myograph, respectively. Relaxations to ATP and
      adenosine were determined in arteries precontracted with the thromboxane A2
      mimetic U46619 or with K+. ATP was a much more effective relaxant of large
      arteries than adenosine. ATP relaxed large coronaries by an endothelium-dependent
      mechanism whereas relaxations to adenosine were not endothelium-dependent. In
      contrast, adenosine appeared to be slightly more effective than ATP in relaxing
      small coronary arteries. Moreover, adenosine was more effective in relaxing K+
      contracted small coronaries than K+-contracted large coronary arteries. These
      results suggest that ATP may be a more significant relaxant of large coronaries
      than adenosine but that adenosine may be a more significant relaxant than ATP in
      small coronary arteries.

PMID- 3691647
TI  - Balance between endothelium-mediated dilating and direct constricting actions of
      serotonin on resistance vessels in the isolated rabbit heart.
AB  - To determine whether endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) contributes to
      the vasomotor action of serotonin (5-HT) in the coronary resistance bed, we used
      haemoglobin as an inhibitor of EDRF in isolated perfused rabbit hearts. The 5-HT
      induced dilatation (14 +/- 2% change in vascular resistance) was converted to
      constriction (10 +/- 3% change) in the presence of haemoglobin, while the
      vasodilator responses to papaverine were not attenuated. This is consistent with
      a role for EDRF in the mediation of 5-HT-induced coronary resistance vessel
      dilatation.

PMID- 3691648
TI  - Endothelium enhances tachyphylaxis to angiotensins II and III in rat aorta.
AB  - Development of tachyphylaxis to angiotensin-induced contraction was compared in
      rings of rat aorta with and without functional endothelium. Rat aorta with
      functional endothelium rapidly developed marked tachyphylaxis to contraction
      induced by angiotensin II or angiotensin III. Destruction of endothelium
      significantly depressed, but did not prevent, development of tachyphylaxis to
      contractile responses induced by repeated exposure to angiotensin II or
      angiotensin III. The findings suggest that two mechanisms are involved in the
      development of tachyphylaxis to angiotensin in rat aorta, an endothelium
      dependent mechanism and an endothelium-independent mechanism.

PMID- 3691649
TI  - Benzodiazepine Ro 5-4864 increases coronary flow.
AB  - Ro 5-4864 (chlorodiazepam) increased coronary flow in isolated retrograde
      perfused Langendorff rat heart preparations without affecting heart rate and left
      ventricular contractility (dP/dt). On the other hand Ro 5-4023 (clonazepam)
      produced very little effect. PK 11195 which has been shown to inhibit the binding
      of Ro 5-4864 to cardiac muscle did not antagonize this vasodilatory effect of Ro
      5-4864 but increased coronary flow by itself. The data indicate a specific
      vasodilatory effect of certain benzodiazepines. The mechanism of action remains
      unknown.

PMID- 3691650
TI  - Cardiovascular effects of L-tyrosine in normotensive and hypertensive rats.
AB  - There are conflicting reports on the blood pressure effects of tyrosine. The aim
      of this study was to establish complete dose-response relationships and to
      compare the effects of various modes of administration of L-tyrosine in
      anaesthetised normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. The intravenous
      injection of L-tyrosine, 0.2-0.4 mmol/kg, produced tachycardic and hypertensive
      effects in both species. The higher doses (0.8-1.6 mmol/kg) produced marked
      bradycardiac and hypotensive responses. Intracerebroventricular administration of
      L-tyrosine, 0.005-0.1 mmol/kg, had no statistically significant effects. Chronic
      dietary administration of L-tyrosine at the approximate daily doses of 0.7-55
      mmol/kg was also without any significant effects. These results suggest that the
      controversies in the earlier studies could be due mainly to differences in doses
      and modes of administration. Our results also suggest that the cardiovascular
      effects of tyrosine are peripheral rather than central in origin although a
      central site of action cannot be excluded.

PMID- 3691651
TI  - Adrenoreceptor mobilization of calcium in rat submandibular cells.
AB  - The stimulation of adrenoreceptors by epinephrine leads to an alteration in the
      Ca2+ homeostasis of rat submandibular cells. The relative contributions of alpha-
      and beta-adrenoreceptors were assessed with specific adrenergic agents.
      Stimulation of alpha 1-adrenoreceptors resulted in enhanced unidirectional 45Ca2+
      fluxes, while such effects following beta-adrenoreceptor stimulation, though
      suggestive, were equivocal. When the cytosolic Ca2+ level was followed in cells
      pre-loaded with the Ca2+-sensitive fluorescent indicator Quin 2, clear results
      were observed. Both alpha 1- and beta-adrenoreceptor stimulation were capable of
      mobilizing intracellular and extracellular Ca2+ pools, as assessed by
      differential responses of cells incubated in media (+/-)-ethylene-glycol-bis
      (beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid. However, Ca2+ mobilization
      following alpha 1-adrenoreceptor stimulation was more rapid (initial rate
      approximately 4-5 X) and to a greater extent (approximately 2 X) than seen with
      beta-adrenoreceptor stimulation.

PMID- 3691652
TI  - Depression by flupirtine, a novel analgesic agent, of motor and sensory responses
      of the nociceptive system in the rat spinal cord.
AB  - The analgesic agent, flupirtine, was tested on motor and sensory responses of the
      nociceptive system in rats. The motor response was determined in the tail-flick
      test with radiant heat. The sensory response was determined as activity evoked in
      ascending axons by electrical stimulation of nociceptive afferents in the sural
      nerve. The tail-flick latency was dose dependently increased by flupirtine
      administered by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection (ED50 7.8 mg/kg), intrathecal
      (i.t.) injection (ED50 14.8 micrograms/rat) or bilateral microinjection into the
      periaqueductal grey (PAG; ED50 2.6 micrograms/rat). Naloxone reduced the effect
      of an i.p. injection of flupirtine but was ineffective against an i.t. injection
      of the drug. The activity in ascending axons responding to afferent C fibre
      stimulation was depressed by flupirtine administered by intravenous (i.v.)
      injection (7 mg/kg) under urethane anaesthesia with an intact spinal cord and
      brain, and by i.t. injection (14 micrograms/rat) to decerebrated spinal rats.
      Naloxone did not abolish the depressant effect of i.t. injections of flupirtine.
      Microinjection of flupirtine (1.7 micrograms/rat) made in the PAG did not reduce,
      but increased the spontaneous and C fibre-evoked activity in ascending axons. The
      results indicate that flupirtine selectively depresses responses of the
      nociceptive system by a spinal (motor and sensory responses) and a supraspinal
      (motor response) action in which opiate-like mechanisms play no or a minor role.

PMID- 3691653
TI  - Cardiodepressant actions of the orally active male contraceptive, gossypol, in
      guinea-pig heart muscle.
AB  - We have previously shown that gossypol has direct actions on isolated atrial
      muscle preparations. The possible mechanisms responsible for the transient
      positive and sustained negative inotropic effects of gossypol were examined under
      conditions that modify Ca2+ pools involved in contractile activation. In
      Langendorff preparations obtained from guinea-pig or rat heart, gossypol produced
      marked negative inotropic and arrhythmogenic effects but failed to produce a
      positive inotropic effect. Langendorff preparations were significantly more
      sensitive than atrial muscle preparations. In atrial muscle preparations, the
      negative inotropic effect of gossypol was not specific to utilization of
      superficial or intracellular Ca2+ pools; force-staircase phenomenon observed
      between 0.5 and 3 Hz, contractions elicited by slow action potentials in
      partially depolarized muscle, the inotropic effect of extracellular Ca2+ and
      potentiated post-rest contractions were all suppressed by gossypol to the similar
      extent. Low external Na+ concentrations abolished the positive inotropic effect
      of gossypol without affecting the negative inotropic effect. A low extracellular
      Ca2+ concentration enhanced the transient positive inotropic effect and delayed
      development of the negative inotropic effect. Simultaneous reduction of
      extracellular Na+ and Ca2+ concentrations abolished the positive inotropic effect
      and enhanced the negative inotropic effect. Gossypol inhibited ATP-dependent Ca2+
      uptake by sarcolemmal vesicles obtained from dog heart. These results indicate
      that the actions of gossypol on cardiac muscle is not specific to utilization of
      either the superficial or intracellular Ca2+ pools involved in contractile
      activation.

PMID- 3691654
TI  - Action of phospholipase C at the neuromuscular junction in rodent skeletal
      muscles.
AB  - The isometric tension developed in response to diffuse application of
      acetylcholine was recorded in intact soleus muscles of the rat. Purified
      bacterial phospholipases of the C type, which hydrolyse either
      phosphatidylinositol or phosphatidylcholine, increased the acetylcholine
      contracture responses of the muscles. Sciatic nerve cytosol which had been
      purified over 8-fold with respect to phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C
      activity also increased these responses. The effect of phospholipase C on the
      miniature endplate potentials and neurally evoked endplate potentials was
      investigated in mouse diaphragm in vitro. The amplitude of both the miniature
      endplate potentials and the evoked endplate potentials was increased by the
      enzyme. The resting membrane potential, the effective input resistance and the
      frequency of miniature endplate potentials were not significantly altered by
      concentrations of the enzyme which increased the endplate responses. It is
      suggested that phospholipase C could have a trophic role at the neuromuscular
      junction.

PMID- 3691655
TI  - Characterization of muscarinic receptors in salivary and lacrimal glands of the
      rat.
AB  - The binding characteristics of muscarinic receptors in rat salivary and lacrimal
      glands were studied by means of radioligand binding techniques. In competition
      experiments against [3H]N-methylscopolamine, classical muscarinic antagonists
      ipratropium bromide, N-methylscopolamine and N-methylatropine exhibited very
      similar KD values in all the glands and their binding behavior was well described
      by a one binding site model (nH congruent to 1). The novel cardioselective
      antimuscarinic compound, AF-DX 116, displayed an equally low affinity in all the
      tissues examined. Pirenzepine and dicyclomine, two other selective muscarinic
      antagonists, showed a similar behaviour in all but the sublingual gland, where
      their binding profile indicated the presence of a heterogeneous receptor
      population (nH = 0.74 and 0.84, respectively). Histological studies of the
      sublingual-submandibular glandular complex demonstrated the presence of
      ganglionic structures mainly located in the hilum of the sublingual-submandibular
      glandular complex connected with the sublingual gland. Binding studies carried
      out with pirenzepine on the hilum and on a synaptosomal preparation from this
      region again revealed the presence of two populations of muscarinic receptors
      with KD values of 22-25 and 270-463 nM. These results are best explained by the
      presence of M1 and M2 receptors located on neuronal and glandular structures.

PMID- 3691656
TI  - Fenoterol and salbutamol actions on guinea-pig myometrium: effects of ovarian
      steroids.
AB  - Responses of isolated preparations of longitudinal myometrium from the guinea-pig
      to fenoterol, salbutamol and isoprenaline were examined. Virgin adult guinea-pigs
      were treated (i) with oestradiol cypionate 20 micrograms/kg s.c. thrice weekly
      for two weeks; or (ii) as in (i) plus progesterone 3 mg/animal for the last four
      days. Other animals (diestrous; cycle days 6-10) were untreated. The order of
      potency of the agonists in inhibiting field stimulation-induced contractions of
      the preparations (isoprenaline greater than or equal to fenoterol greater than
      salbutamol) indicated interaction with beta 2-adrenoceptors. Oestrogen treatment
      enhanced the potency of isoprenaline 5-fold. Treatment with oestrogen plus
      progesterone enhanced the potency of all agonists 10- to 30-fold, and increased
      the mean maximum response to salbutamol. The mean pKD values for displacement by
      fenoterol of binding of (-)-[125I]cyanopindolol to membrane preparations from
      animals in both treatment groups were 5.57-5.92. These results raise the
      possibility that progesterone may enhance the coupling of beta 2-adrenoceptors to
      transduction mechanisms in the longitudinal myometrium from oestrogen-primed
      guinea-pigs.

PMID- 3691657
TI  - Noradrenaline turnover after left coronary artery ligation in rat heart.
AB  - The levels and the turnover of noradrenaline were measured in the left and right
      ventricles following left coronary artery ligation for 2 h in untreated,
      adrenalectomized or hexamethonium-treated rats. Noradrenaline in the left
      ventricles was decreased by ligation and unaffected in the right ventricles,
      whether of untreated, adrenalectomized or hexamethonium-treated animals. Turnover
      in the left ventricles, as estimated by the decrease of noradrenaline under
      dopamine beta-hydroxylase inhibition with bis-(4-methyl-1-homo-piperazinyl
      thiocarbonyl)-disulfide (FLA-63), was unaffected by ligation whether in
      untreated, adrenalectomized, or hexamethonium-treated rats. Ligation accelerated
      turnover in the right ventricles of untreated rats or attenuated it in
      adrenalectomized rats and caused no changes in hexamethonium-treated rats. These
      results suggest that noradrenaline turnover in ischemic myocardium is not
      affected by regional ischemia and that such ischemia might accelerate turnover in
      the non-ischemic area, probably as a result of increased activity of sympatho
      adrenal reflexes.

PMID- 3691658
TI  - Identification of serotonin 5-HT3 recognition sites by radioligand binding in
      NG108-15 neuroblastoma-glioma cells.

PMID- 3691659
TI  - Morphine inhibits the gastric acid secretion stimulated by 2-deoxy-D-glucose via
      a central mechanism in anesthetized rats.
AB  - The effect of morphine on the gastric acid secretion induced by 2-deoxy-D-glucose
      (2-DG) was investigated in the perfused stomach of anesthetized rats. The
      intravenous infusion of morphine (0.01-1.0 mg/kg per h for 2 h) dose dependently
      suppressed the gastric acid secretion stimulated by 2-DG. This inhibitory effect
      of morphine was completely reversed by naloxone (1.0 mg/kg i.v.) pretreatment. On
      the other hand, even the higher dose of morphine (1.0 mg/kg per h for 70 min) had
      no effect on the gastric acid secretion evoked peripherally by electrical
      stimulation of the vagus nerve. These observations indicate that morphine
      suppressed the 2-DG-induced gastric acid secretion via a central mechanism(s),
      probably mediated by the opiate receptor(s).

PMID- 3691660
TI  - The binding of [3H]leukotriene C4 to guinea-pig lung membranes. The lack of
      correlation of LTC4 functional activity with binding affinity.
AB  - High affinity binding sites for [3H]leukotriene C4 ([3H]LTC4) have been
      identified and characterised in guinea-pig lung membranes. [3H]LTC4 bound to
      these membranes with a pharmacological specificity totally distinct to that
      previously observed for [3H]LTD4 binding in guinea-pig lung. Scatchard analysis
      of saturation binding data showed a single class of binding sites, with a
      dissociation constant (KD) of 52.6 +/- 4.9 nM and a density (Bmax) of 30 +/- 12
      pmol/mg membrane protein. The binding was inhibited with high affinity by a
      variety of glutathione-containing leukotriene analogues. Most notable was the
      inhibition by 1,2,3,4-tetranor LTC4 (Ki = 118 nM) and S-decylglutathione (Ki =
      154 nM) since neither of these compounds were contractile agonists on guinea-pig
      parenchymal strips or guinea-pig ileum nor were they antagonists of LTC4-induced
      contractions of these smooth muscle preparations. These results indicate that the
      observed binding of [3H]LTC4 to guinea-pig lung membranes is not to a contractile
      receptor.

PMID- 3691661
TI  - One to three day dose intervals during subchronic treatment of epileptic gerbils
      with gamma-vinyl GABA: anticonvulsant efficacy and alterations in regional brain
      GABA levels.
AB  - gamma-Vinyl GABA (GVG), an irreversible inhibitor of GABA degradation, was
      administered to seizure-susceptible gerbils at different dosage regimens. After
      acute i.p. administration, GVG dose dependently protected the animals against air
      blast-induced seizures with an ED50 of 50 mg/kg. After oral administration, GVG
      exerted similar anticonvulsant potency. However, during subchronic daily oral
      dosing of 100 mg/kg GVG, tolerance developed to the anticonvulsant effect of the
      treatment. No tolerance was observed with daily oral dosing of 50 mg/kg or every
      other day and every third day dosing of 100 mg/kg GVG. The disadvantage of the
      two latter dosage regimens was that no sufficient seizure control was obtained on
      the days between two administrations. Determination of GABA levels in 11 brain
      regions of gerbils after subchronic treatment with the different dosage regimens
      of GVG indicated that tolerance during treatment with daily administration of 100
      mg/kg GVG could be the consequence of feedback reduction of GABA synthesis. The
      data suggest that the choice of suitable dosage regimens for chronic treatment is
      more critical with GVG than with other antiepileptic drugs, because compensatory
      mechanisms within the GABA system may develop when GVG-induced GABA accumulation
      is too marked.

PMID- 3691662
TI  - Effects of nicainoprol on reperfusion arrhythmia in the isolated working rat
      heart and on ischemia and reperfusion arrhythmia and myocardial infarct size in
      the anesthetized rat.
AB  - The effect of the novel antiarrhythmic agent nicainoprol on coronary occlusion
      and reperfusion arrhythmia was investigated in isolated working rat hearts and in
      anesthetized rats. In isolated working rat hearts nicainoprol (10(-6) M, 5 X 10(
      6) M and 10(-5) M) induced concentration-related protection against reperfusion
      arrhythmia without changing the cardiodynamics, with the exception of a decrease
      in heart rate at the highest concentration. Enzyme levels (lactate dehydrogenase
      and creatine kinase) in the coronary venous effluent, and cardiac tissue
      concentrations of glycogen, lactate, ATP and creatine phosphate were not affected
      by nicainoprol. Given to anesthetized rats, nicainoprol (5 and 10 mg/kg i.v.)
      reduced dose dependently in the early post occlusion (0-30 min) period, the
      percentage of animals with premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) and ventricular
      tachycardia while completely preventing the occurrence of ventricular
      fibrillation. In the reperfusion period no animal treated with 5 mg/kg and 12% of
      the rats treated with 10 mg/kg showed PVCs (the only form of arrhythmia observed
      in this period) versus 60% of the control rats. Both doses of nicainoprol induced
      a decrease in heart rate, blood pressure and myocardial oxygen consumption. The
      ratio of infarct mass to ventricular mass was significantly reduced by 20% at a
      dose of 5 mg/kg and by 28% at the dose of 10 mg/kg. Nicainoprol could be useful
      in the prevention and treatment of arrhythmias associated with acute myocardial
      infarction.

PMID- 3691663
TI  - Anticonvulsant efficacy of clonazepam and the beta-carboline ZK 93423 during
      chronic treatment in amygdala-kindled rats.
AB  - Amygdala kindling in rats represents an animal model of partial epilepsy with
      secondary generalization. Benzodiazepines are active against this type of
      epilepsy in man but their usefulness is limited by the development of tolerance.
      This study examined the effects of chronic treatment with the benzodiazepine
      clonazepam and the beta-carboline ZK 93423 (6-benzyloxy-4-methoxymethyl-beta
      carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester), a full agonist at brain benzodiazepine
      receptors, on amygdala-kindled seizures in rats. The pharmacokinetics as well as
      the acute anticonvulsant potency of the drugs were determined prior to the
      chronic experiments. Based on the data thus obtained clonazepam and ZK 93423 were
      administered 3 times daily at a dose of 1 or 5 mg/kg i.p., respectively, for 2
      weeks. During this treatment period, both compounds significantly reduced seizure
      severity without indication of tolerance. However, the marked initial effects on
      seizure duration and/or duration of afterdischarges recorded from the amygdala
      were attenuated or lost during the 2 weeks of treatment. A pronounced tolerance
      was also observed with respect to side-effects (sedation, ataxia, muscle
      relaxation) occurring during treatment. Plasma drug level determinations
      suggested that the tolerance was of functional nature. The data indicate that,
      compared to benzodiazepines, the beta-carboline ZK 93423 has no advantage in
      terms of anticonvulsant potency, side-effects and development of tolerance in the
      amygdala kindling model of epilepsy.

PMID- 3691664
TI  - Effects of compounds related to beta-hydroxyglutamic acid (BHGA) on identifiable
      giant neurones of an African giant snail (Achatina fulica Ferussac).
AB  - The present study aimed to further elucidate the pharmacological features, with
      respect to sensitivity to L-BHGA agonists, of the receptors sensitive to beta
      hydroxy-L-glutamic acid (L-BHGA) in five Achatina giant neurones: PON
      (periodically oscillating neurone), d-RPLN (dorsal-right parietal large neurone),
      VIN (visceral intermittently firing neurone), RAPN (right anterior pallial
      neurone) and v-RCDN (ventral-right cerebral distinct neurone). Of these neurones,
      d-RPLN and RAPN were depolarized by L-BHGA, while PON, VIN and v-RCDN were
      inhibited. Threo-beta-hydroxy-DL-aspartic acid markedly depolarized d-RPLN and
      RAPN (effective potency quotient (EPQ) in relation to the more effective L-BHGA
      isomer: 1 for d-RPLN and 0.3 for RAPN). This compound produced only slight
      inhibitory effects on PON, VIN and v-RCDN with EPQs calculated to be less than
      0.03, less than 0.03 and 0.03, respectively. On the other hand, erythro-beta
      hydroxy-DL-aspartic acid at 10(-3) M was almost ineffective, except on v-RCDN
      where it elicited some slight inhibitory effects (EPQ: 0.01). L-Aspartic and D
      aspartic acid at 10(-3) M, also had almost no effect except for slight effects of
      D-aspartic acid on d-RPLN (EPQ: 0.1). N-Methyl-L- and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid
      were slightly effective only on v-RCDN (EPQ: less than 0.01 and 0.01,
      respectively). The other compounds, including beta-hydroxypyrroglutamic acid
      (cyclic BHGA) and proline derivatives, were almost ineffective at 10(-3) M; very
      weak effects were occasionally observed on some neurones.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3691665
TI  - Effects of sex steroid hormones on differentiation of adipose precursor cells in
      primary culture.
AB  - The effects of estradiol-17 beta and progesterone on multiplication,
      differentiation and lipid filling of adipose precursor cells were examined in
      primary cell cultures of cells prepared from adipose tissue of both male and
      ovariectomized female rats. Progesterone down to a concentration of 10(-7)
      mol/liter, alone or in the presence of estradiol-17 beta stimulated the
      development of glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and lipoprotein lipase activity.
      Estradiol-17 beta alone had no effects. These effects were essentially parallel
      to increases in the rate of lipid filling of the cells. Furthermore, the
      formation of cells with a lipid vacuole greater than 20 micron was markedly
      stimulated, suggesting that new fat cells were formed by the stimulation of
      differentiation of the adipose precursor cells. No effects of the sex steroid
      hormones were seen on the rate of multiplication. These results suggest a role of
      sex steroid hormones in the regulation of triglyceride storage capacity in
      adipose tissue by facilitating the differentiation of precursor cells to form new
      adipocytes.

PMID- 3691666
TI  - Regulation of rat mammary gene expression by extracellular matrix components.
AB  - In the mammary gland the induction and maintenance of differentiation are
      dependent on both lactogenic hormones and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Since
      mammary epithelial cells differentiate on a basement membrane in vivo we have
      examined the effects of basement membrane components on the expression of milk
      protein genes in primary rat mammary cultures. We examined the effects of a
      basement membrane gel derived from the Englebreth-Holm-Swarm tumor as well as its
      major component, laminin, on the expression of a group of milk protein genes. We
      demonstrate that the basement membrane gel induces alpha-casein and alpha
      lactalbumin (alpha-LA) accumulation up to 160- and 70-fold, respectively, of that
      on tissue culture plastic. Laminin, a major component of the basement membrane,
      also caused significant induction of these same proteins. In order to determine
      whether these ECM effects occurred at a translational or post-translational
      level, pulse-chase experiments were performed. These experiments demonstrated
      that a laminin substratum selectively effects milk protein turnover and
      secretion. In order to demonstrate whether ECM effects occurred at the level of
      steady state accumulation of mRNA we performed dot blot and Northern analyses
      using cloned cDNA probes for alpha-, beta-, and gamma-caseins and alpha-LA. These
      studies demonstrated that ECM components induced alpha- and beta-caseins up to 10
      fold, and alpha-LA up to 3-fold, with no significant effect on gamma-casein.
      These results demonstrate that milk protein genes are not coordinately regulated
      by ECM components. Furthermore, since the amount of induction of milk proteins
      exceeds the amount of induction of mRNAs for these proteins, we conclude that in
      our system a major effect of ECM components is at the translational and/or post
      translational levels. Based on these findings we propose a model in which
      basement membrane components effect mammary gene expression at multiple levels.

PMID- 3691667
TI  - Localization of a tumor cell adhesion domain of laminin by a monoclonal antibody.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies were prepared to localize the domain(s) of laminin to which
      tumor cells adhere. Rat Y3-Ag 1.2.3 myeloma cells were fused with spleen cells
      from a rat immunized with a purified 440-kDa fragment of chymotrypsin-digested
      laminin. Three monoclonal antibodies (AL-1 to AL-3) that bound to intact laminin
      in a solid-phase radioimmunoassay were chosen for further analysis. The epitopes
      recognized by these antibodies were characterized by radioimmunoassays,
      immunoblotting, radioimmunoprecipitation, and immunoaffinity chromatography. In
      cell adhesion assays, monoclonal antibody AL-2 inhibited the binding of the
      highly metastatic melanoma cell line, K-1735-M4, to both intact laminin and the
      440-kDa fragment of laminin. Electron microscopic examination of laminin
      monoclonal antibody interactions showed that monoclonal antibody AL-2 reacted
      with the long arm of laminin directly below the cross-region. Two monoclonal
      antibodies that failed to inhibit tumor cell adhesion to laminin reacted with
      epitopes on the lateral short arms or cross-region of laminin as seen by electron
      microscopy. These results suggest that a new tumor cell binding domain of laminin
      may be located close to the cross-region on the long arm of laminin.

PMID- 3691668
TI  - Oncogene expression in differentiating F9 mouse embryonal carcinoma cells.
AB  - Differentiation of F9 mouse embryonal carcinoma cells in culture is accompanied
      by a decrease in growth rate and loss of tumorigenicity. Cells differentiating in
      monolayer culture (to parietal endoderm-type cells) or in aggregates (to visceral
      endoderm-type cells) show qualitatively similar changes in transcript levels from
      several c-oncogenes. In contrast with other studies with F9 cells, we find an
      early decrease in c-myb RNA but not in c-myc RNA. This and a later increase in c
      src RNA may be associated with decreasing cell growth rate. Before
      differentiation, induction and maintenance of elevated c-abl RNA levels depend on
      the presence of retinoic acid in the medium. After differentiation c-abl RNA
      levels decline only partially when retinoic acid is removed. Increased RNA from c
      fos is seen late in differentiation in monolayer cultures only, a change also
      seen with appearance of similar endoderm cell types in the developing mouse
      embryo.

PMID- 3691669
TI  - The role of oxidative stress in the induction of Drosophila heat-shock proteins.
AB  - The role of oxidative stress in the induction of heat-shock proteins (HSPs) was
      studied in Drosophila Kc cells by comparing the effects of two different
      inducers, temperature stress and reoxygenation following a period of anoxia, on
      cellular respiration, thiol status, and the accumulation of HSPs. A heat shock
      from 25 to 37 degrees C caused a 60% increase in the rate of O2 uptake but caused
      little oxidative stress as indicated by a constant level of reduced glutathione,
      a slight increase in oxidized glutathione, and no change in protein sulfhydryls.
      Heat shock resulted in a pronounced accumulation of HSPs which was not inhibited
      by anoxic conditions. A different HSP inducer, reoxygenation following anoxia,
      resulted in an overall inhibition of respiration, the appearance of CN 
      insensitive O2 uptake, a 50% decrease in the level of reduced glutathione and a
      fourfold increase in the ratio of oxidized to reduced glutathione. Despite these
      indicators of oxidative stress, HSP synthesis was less pronounced than observed
      during heat shock and was not affected by antioxidants. Oxidative stress may
      induce HSP synthesis in some cases but is not responsible for HSP synthesis
      during a heat shock.

PMID- 3691670
TI  - Retinoic acid modulates attachment of mouse fibroblasts to laminin substrates.
AB  - The effect of retinoic acid treatment on cell attachment to plastic substrates
      precoated with fibronectin, gelatin, laminin, and type IV collagen was
      investigated. Both retinoic acid-treated and control cells attached efficiently
      to fibronectin or gelatin substrates without any significant difference. In
      contrast, retinoic acid-treated cells attached to laminin or type IV collagen
      substrates, while control cells showed little or no attachment. The minimal
      effective concentration of retinoic acid for pretreatment to yield a significant
      increase in the attachment assay was higher than 10(-8) M. The attachment of
      retinoic acid-treated cells to laminin substrates reached a maximum at 60 min,
      while that to type IV collagen substrates had a time lag and did not reach a
      maximum by 60 min. The effect of retinoic acid treatment reached a maximum at 2
      days and was partly reversible. These results suggest that retinoic acid may
      increase NIH/3T3 cell adhesion through an effect on laminin receptors. Other
      mouse fibroblast lines, 3T3-Swiss, 3T6-Swiss, Balb/3T3, and Balb/3T12-3
      (spontaneously transformed Balb/3T3), responded to retinoic acid treatment in a
      manner similar to that of NIH/3T3 cells. However, the virus-transformed Balb/3T3
      lines, SV-T2 and M-MSV, showed significant attachment to laminin substrates
      without retinoic acid treatment, and retinoic acid did not affect or slightly
      decreased the cell attachment to laminin substrates.

PMID- 3691671
TI  - Methionine is a regulator of starvation-induced proteolysis in Tetrahymena.
AB  - The ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila responds to starvation by drastically
      increasing the rate of proteolysis. The response was reversed by resuspending the
      cells in a defined growth medium. Among the components of this medium only amino
      acids were active in inhibiting proteolysis. One amino acid, methionine,
      accounted for at least 75% of the effect of the complete medium, strongly
      indicating that in Tetrahymena methionine is the main regulator of step-down
      proteolysis, a process generally connected with autophagy in eukaryotic cells.
      The fact that one amino acid has such a drastic effect should make the system
      well suited for further investigations of the regulation of this process.

PMID- 3691672
TI  - Direct evidence that cancer cell locomotion contributes importantly to invasion.
AB  - This study was undertaken to clarify whether active locomotion of cancer cells is
      important for their ability to invade. The most rapidly moving cells were
      isolated from a cultured murine parent fibrosarcoma by successive cycles of
      migration through a micropore membrane. Cells were isolated by unstimulated
      locomotion and by haptotaxis to laminin, and the selected cells did indeed
      constitute rapidly locomoting subpopulations. These cells invaded biological
      tissues more efficiently than did the unselected parent cells. The cells selected
      by haptotaxis to laminin invaded most rapidly through amnion with basement
      membranes (containing laminin). Cancer cell haptotaxis to laminin in basement
      membranes thus promotes penetration of these tissue barriers. These results show
      in a direct manner that cancer cell locomotion is in fact important in invasion
      of biological tissues.

PMID- 3691673
TI  - Cell contact but not junctional communication (dye coupling) with biliary
      epithelial cells is required for hepatocytes to maintain differentiated
      functions.
AB  - Specific differentiated gene expression and the morphology of adult rat
      hepatocytes can be maintained for as long as 8 weeks in vitro only when they are
      cultured in the presence of biliary epithelial cells; when primary hepatocytes
      are cultured alone, they lose these functions within 2 to 3 days. We obtained
      evidence suggesting that contact between hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells
      is necessary for maintaining hepatocyte functions. We examined whether junctional
      communication between and among hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells is
      required for long-term maintenance of hepatocyte functions, using a dye-transfer
      method, in three co-cultures: (1) hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells
      prepared from Sprague-Dawley rats; (2) hepatocytes from Sprague-Dawley rats and
      epithelial cells of the IAR 20 line, originally established from BDVI rats; and
      (3) hepatocytes from BDVI rats and IAR 20 epithelial cells. The established
      epithelial cell line (IAR 20) and early-passage cultures of biliary epithelial
      cells maintained hepatocyte-specific functions in culture for 40 and 70 days,
      respectively, but the latter induced more stable maintenance of albumin
      secretion. Hepatocytes cultured alone lost their characteristic morphology within
      5 to 8 days, and almost no dye transfer was observed. In co-cultures, the
      capacity of biliary epithelial cells to communicate among themselves remained
      relatively high throughout the culture period, whereas hepatocytes showed almost
      no junctional communication at an early phase of culture and first began to
      communicate after 2 weeks, communication capacity increasing for at least the
      next 10 days of culture. The most notable finding was that there was no dye
      transfer between hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells in any co-culture
      system. These results suggest that the maintenance of hepatocyte-specific
      functions requires intercellular contact but probably not gap-junctional
      communication between hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells. This system is
      useful for studying heterotypic cell-cell interactions and the control of gene
      expression.

PMID- 3691674
TI  - A rat histone H4 gene closely associated with the testis-specific H1t gene.
AB  - A rat histone H4 gene closely associated with the testis-specific H1t gene was
      isolated by screening the Sargent-Bonner rat genomic library using cloned human
      histone genes as probes. Both the H4 gene and the H1t gene are located on a 7-kb
      EcoRI genomic DNA fragment. Although the deduced amino acid sequence of the rat
      H4 histone is identical to that of the sequence of human histone H4, the
      nucleotide sequence of the coding region differs significantly from the coding
      region of the human H4 gene. Moreover, the relative spacing between the 5'
      consensus sequence elements is unique for an H4 gene. S1-nuclease protection
      analyses reveal that both the H4 and H1t mRNA species are present in a fraction
      of rat testis cells highly enriched in pachytene spermatocytes, while only the H4
      mRNA species is present in a rat myeloma cell line (Y3-Ag1.2.3). During a 1-h
      hydroxyurea treatment of the Y3 cells, which produces a 99% inhibition of DNA
      synthesis, the level of this H4 mRNA drops by only 50%, indicating that the
      stability of this mRNA is only partially coupled with DNA synthesis.

PMID- 3691675
TI  - Migratory and invasive behavior of pigment cells in normal and animalized sea
      urchin embryos.
AB  - Pigment cell precursors in the vegetal plate of late mesenchyme blastulae of the
      sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus begin to express a cell surface epitope
      recognized by the monoclonal antibody SP-1/20.3.1. When one-quarter gastrulae are
      dissociated into ectodermal and mesenchymal fractions, most SP-1/20.3.1
      immunoreactive cells separate into the mesenchymal fraction, whereas at the full
      gastrula and all later stages almost all epitope-bearing cells are in the
      ectodermal fraction. Exposure of embryos to sulfate-free seawater p-nitrophenyl
      beta-D-xyloside, and tunicamycin, all of which prevent primary mesenchyme
      migration, does not inhibit SP-1/20.3.1 immunoreactive cells from distributing
      similarly to those in controls, although pigment synthesis is completely
      inhibited in sulfate-free conditions. Time-lapse video sequences reveal that
      pigment cells, and a small set of rapidly migrating, SP-1/20.3.1 immunoreactive
      amoeboid cells that appear in the pluteus, remain closely associated with the
      ectodermal epithelium during most of larval development. Transmission electron
      microscopy observations of plutei show pigment cells tightly apposed to the
      ectodermal epithelium at discontinuities in the basal lamina and sandwiched
      between the basal lamina and the epithelial cells. It is concluded that SP
      1/20.3.1 immunoreactive mesenchymal cells invade the ectodermal epithelium and
      may use migratory substrates other than those used by primary mesenchymal cells.

PMID- 3691677
TI  - Heterogeneity of intercellular adhesion in rat liver cells in culture.
AB  - The intercellular homotypic adhesive properties of 14 clones derived from a
      nontumorigenic rat liver epithelial cell line (LEC), derived from neonatal
      Fischer rats, were examined and compared to those of the hepatoma H4-II-E cell
      line. Each clone was assayed also for the degree of chromosomal aneuploidy and
      the ability to grow in soft agar. Over 100-fold differences in adhesive
      properties were observed among the clones, but no correlation was observed
      between the degree of aneuploidy in the clones and intercellular adhesive
      properties. The parent LEC cell line and the clones derived from it were unable
      to grow in soft agar. The H4-II-E cells showed negligible capacity to reaggregate
      after dissociation into single cells and these cells readily formed colonies in
      soft agar. Many of the LEC clones were similar to the H4-II-E cells in their
      adhesive properties, which suggests that reduced cell-to-cell adhesiveness per se
      is not a necessary prerequisite of epithelial cells to be able to grow
      independent of anchorage. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D
      PAGE) of concanavalin A (Con A)-binding glycoproteins in the "most adhesive"
      clone 67 and the "least adhesive" clone 201 showed markedly elevated amounts of
      acidic 105 and 67-kDa glycoproteins in clone 67. Proteins with similar migration
      patterns in 2D-PAGE have previously been reported to participate in specific
      homotypic intercellular adhesion of liver cells. The Con A-binding glycoprotein
      pattern in H4-II-E cells was markedly different from that of LEC cells with a set
      of six proteins missing and nine proteins appearing new in the H4-II-E cells. It
      is suggested that, in addition to identifying known epithelial cell polypeptides,
      systematic screening of cell surface-associated glycoproteins in normal and
      transformed epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo may lead to identification of
      novel polypeptides intimately associated with the transformed phenotype.

PMID- 3691678
TI  - Identification and sorting of micronuclei containing individual chromosomes.
AB  - Micronuclei are diploid genome subfractions which can be induced by colchicine
      treatment. The purpose of the present study was to identify the chromosome
      content of micronuclei. Accordingly, PtK1 cells were micronucleated with
      colchicine and their DNA was labeled by the Hoechst 33342 fluorochrome. The
      fluorescence intensity of the micronuclei was measured by flow cytometry and
      compared to that of metaphase chromosomes of the same species. We observed
      histograms exhibiting five distinct peaks for both micronuclei and chromosomes.
      Each class of micronuclei corresponded to a peak in the flow karyotype with the
      same values. As the smallest micronuclei contained the same amount of DNA as one
      chromosome, it seemed possible to identify the DNA content of the micronuclei
      containing a single chromosome. This identification was confirmed by fluorescence
      microscope observations of the micronuclei and chromosomes sorted from their
      respective peaks. This was clear for peak number 3, which exhibited fluorescent
      markers both in micronuclei and in chromosomes. These markers, called
      chromocenters, were connected with the nucleoli in micronuclei and were specific
      for the nucleolar organizer regions of the X chromosomes. As we paid particular
      attention to maintaining the transcriptional activity of the micronuclei
      throughout the procedure used to sort and identify them, it is concluded that
      such an approach might be very suitable for investigating the expression of
      reduced nuclear domains corresponding to individual chromosomes.

PMID- 3691676
TI  - Use of carbohydrate probes in conjunction with fluorescence-activated cell
      sorting to select mutant cell lines of Chlamydomonas with defects in cell surface
      glycoproteins.
AB  - Two carbohydrate-binding probes (the lectin concanavalin A and the anti
      carbohydrate monoclonal antibody FMG-1) have been utilized in conjunction with
      fluorescence-activated cell sorting to select cell lines of Chlamydomonas
      reinhardtii that contain defects in cell surface-exposed glycoproteins. Two very
      different selection strategies (sorting cells with the lowest binding for the FMG
      1 monoclonal antibody or the highest binding of concanavalin A) yield a class of
      mutant cells that exhibit a total lack of binding of the monoclonal antibody to
      cell wall and plasma membrane glycoproteins along with an increased affinity for
      concanavalin A. Detailed characterization of one such mutant cell line,
      designated L-23, is provided. The subtle glycosylation defect exhibited by this
      cell line does not alter the ability of the affected glycoproteins to be targeted
      to the flagellar membrane and does not affect the expression of flagellar surface
      motility, a phenomenon that appears to involve the major concanavalin A-binding
      glycoprotein of the flagellar membrane. This approach has general applicability
      for dissecting the role of carbohydrate epitopes in the targeting and function of
      any cell surface glycoprotein for which suitable carbohydrate probes are
      available.

PMID- 3691679
TI  - Nebulised adrenaline in acute severe asthma: comparison with salbutamol.
AB  - Adrenaline may have beneficial effects in asthma in addition to a direct beta
      adrenoceptor mediated bronchodilatation, such as alpha-receptor mediated
      reduction in microvascular leakage and oedema, and inhibition of
      bronchoconstrictor neural pathways. We have compared the bronchodilator effect of
      nebulised adrenaline (1 mg) with nebulised salbutamol (2.5 mg) in patients with
      acute severe asthma. Eighteen patients admitted with acute asthma (mean peak
      expiratory flow 22% predicted) were randomised to receive either adrenaline or
      salbutamol in a double-blind fashion and, after 15 min, were changed to the
      alternative nebulisation to determine if there was any additional
      bronchodilation. There were no differences between the increase in PEF after
      adrenaline (mean +/- SEM increase 99 +/- 20.5 L/min) or after salbutamol (119 +/-
      22.7 L/min). Heart rate fell after each nebuliser and there was no difference
      between treatments. PaO2 rose after adrenaline (0.5 +/- 0.15 kPa), but fell after
      salbutamol (-0.2 +/- 0.11 kPa). These results suggest that nebulised adrenaline
      is as effective as a nebulised beta-agonist in acute asthma and is without
      significant side-effects. The theoretical advantages conferred by alpha-agonist
      activity do not produce any additional bronchodilation but may prevent any fall
      in PaO2 due to ventilation-perfusion mismatching.

PMID- 3691680
TI  - Mixed venous blood oxygen tension is not a good predictor of survival in patients
      with chronic obstructive lung disease.
AB  - In a recent study, Kawakami et al, suggested that mixed venous blood oxygenation
      (PvO2) is one of the most important prognostic factors in patients with chronic
      obstructive lung disease (COLD). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the
      predictive power of PvO2 in 99 of our own patients with COLD. Lung function and
      pulmonary hemodynamics were investigated in a stable period of the disease.
      Follow-up studies were done at least 3 years after initial work-up. Observation
      time was 5.4 +/- 1.6 years in patients who survived (S) and 2.8 +/- 2.3 years in
      patients who died (N-S). The two groups differed significantly in the following
      variables (mean +/- SD for survivors and non-survivors): VC 3.0 +/- 1.0 1 and 2.3
      +/- 8.1 1, FEV1 1.6 +/- 0.9 1 and 0.9 +/- 0.4 1, PaO2 9.6 +/- 1.4 and 8.3 +/- 1.7
      kPa, SaO2 94 +/- 3% and 90 +/- 6%, PaCO2 5.0 +/- 0.9 kPa and 5.9 +/- 1.1 kPa,
      mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) 2.6 +/- 0.7 kPa = 19.5 +/- 5.6 mmHg and
      3.9 +/- 1.7 kPa = 29.4 +/- 12.9 mmHg, and hematocrit (Ht) 47 +/- 5% and 51 +/-
      7%. The following three variables did not differ significantly: cardiac index 3.8
      +/- 1.8.1 and 3.3 +/- 1.6, PvO2 5.6 +/- 0.9 kPa and 5.3 +/- 0.9 kPa, and
      coefficient of oxygen delivery (COD) 5.69 +/- 2.28 and 5.29 +/- 2.35. The number
      of patients with signs of tissue hypoxia (PvO2 less than 4.66 kPa) was similar in
      both groups, 7 (S) and 9 (N-S).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3691681
TI  - Pathogenesis of shrinking pleuritis with atelectasis--"rounded atelectasis".
AB  - The pathogenesis of "shrinking pleuritis with atelectasis" or "rounded
      atelectasis" is discussed on the basis of 37 operated patients and on experiments
      on cadaver lungs. Peroperative dissections with microscopic examinations and the
      results of experiments with the cadaver lungs support the concept that the lesion
      is caused by an inflammatory reaction in the visceral layer of the pleura, caused
      by asbestos fibers. The inflammation occurs in stages, with deposition of
      connective tissue that shrinks and causes considerable atelectasis of the
      underlying pulmonary parenchyma. Compression of the lung due to fluid collecting
      in the pleural cavity involved was not noted.

PMID- 3691682
TI  - A near fatal asthma attack in a patient unaware of deteriorating lung function.

PMID- 3691683
TI  - Optimal combinations of lung function tests in the detection of various types of
      early lung disease.
AB  - The ability to detect early lung disease with different combinations of lung
      function tests was assessed by discriminant analysis. A number of lung function
      tests were performed in 224 never-smokers, 232 smokers, 111 pneumoconiotic
      subjects and 137 asthmatic patients. The discriminatory capacities of different
      combinations of test variables are presented. For detecting lung damage induced
      by tobacco smoke, a combination of the transfer factor and the slope of the
      alveolar plateau (phase III) increased the sensitivity from 18% to 32% at a
      specificity of 95%, compared with phase III alone. Dynamic spirometry did not add
      to the discriminatory capacity. Patients with asthma could be separated from
      reference subjects by airway resistance, Phase III or a combination of variables
      in dynamic spirometry. Pneumoconiotic subjects were best identified by a
      combination of the transfer factor, volumic compliance and phase III. Closing
      capacity divided by total lung capacity (TLC) and FEV1/TLC further improved the
      discrimination between different subgroups.

PMID- 3691684
TI  - Effect of human airway lysozyme on the in vitro growth of type I Streptococcus
      pneumoniae.
AB  - The effects of purified human airway lysozyme and hen egg-white lysozyme on
      growth rate and viability of growing type I Streptococcus pneumoniae were
      studied. Exposure of bacteria to human and hen lysozyme at the same final
      concentration (100 micrograms/ml) for 1.5-4.5 h resulted in a marked reduction of
      the number of colony-forming units per ml compared to control cultures. After a
      1.5-h exposure to human or hen lysozyme, the remaining percentage of colony
      forming units per ml was 54% and 69%, respectively. The onset of growth only
      appeared after a 3.5-h exposure period for human lysozyme whereas it began at 2.5
      h for hen lysozyme. After 3.5 h and 4.5 h of exposure, the number of colony
      forming units was significantly lower (p less than 0.05) in human lysozyme
      treated bacteria cultures compared to control cultures. Parallel electron
      microscopic observations of Streptococcus pneumoniae cultures confirmed that the
      density of pneumococci was less in the presence of either human lysozyme or hen
      lysozyme in comparison to control cultures, and showed the presence of numerous
      long, ribbon-like material and cytoplasmic condensations liberated in the culture
      medium.

PMID- 3691685
TI  - Radiographic appearance and lung function after non-malignant pleural effusion.
AB  - In order to study factors associated with changes in radiographic appearance and
      lung function after pleural effusion, we investigated 178 consecutive patients
      with non-malignant pleural effusion. At the initial examination etiology, smoking
      habits, asbestos exposure, ESR, blood eosinophils, size of effusion and other X
      ray lesions were registered. At a 3-year follow-up, chest radiographs and lung
      function values were obtained and the association with the initially registered
      factors was evaluated. At follow-up, 20% of the patients had developed major
      additional X-ray lesions and/or significantly reduced lung function.
      Prognostically unfavourable factors were idiopathic etiology as compared to
      infectious, medium and large-size effusions and initial radiographs showing
      converging pleural linear structures and/or rounded atelectasis as compared to no
      or minor radiographic lesions. Converging pleural linear structures and rounded
      atelectasis were seen almost exclusively in association with idiopathic
      effusions. The obvious differences noted between patients with idiopathic and
      infectious effusions suggest that these effusions represent separate clinical
      entities.

PMID- 3691686
TI  - Pulmonary paragonimiasis presenting as a hemorrhagic pleural effusion.

PMID- 3691687
TI  - Plasma cell granuloma of the lung.

PMID- 3691688
TI  - Single unit activity in the rat hippocampus during a spatial memory task.
AB  - Single unit activity was recorded from complex spike cells in the hippocampus of
      the rat while the animal was performing a spatial memory task. The task required
      the animal to choose the correct arm of a 4 arm plus-shaped maze in order to
      obtain reward. The location of the goal arm was varied from trial to trial and
      was identified by 6 controlled spatial cues which were distributed around the
      enclosure and which were rotated in step with the goal. On some trials these
      spatial cues were present throughout the trial (spatial reference memory trials)
      while on other trials they were present during the first part of the trial but
      were removed before the rat was allowed to choose the goal (spatial working
      memory trials). On these latter trials the animal had to remember the location of
      the cues and/or goal during the delay in order to choose correctly. 55 units were
      recorded during sufficient reference memory trials for the relationship between
      their firing pattern and different spatial aspects of the environment to be
      determined. 33 units had fields with significant relations to the controlled cues
      while 16 had significant relations to the static background cues, those cues in
      the environment which did not change position from trial to trial. Of 43 units
      which could be tested for their relation to the shape of the maze arms
      themselves, 15 showed such a relationship. Therefore the place units can be
      influenced by different aspects of the spatial environment but those related to
      the task requirement appear to be more potent. Interaction effects between the
      different spatial factors also influenced the firing pattern of some units. Of
      particular interest was the interaction between the controlled cues and the
      static background cues found in some cells since this might shed some light on
      how the hippocampus enables the rat to solve the memory task. 30 units with place
      fields related to the controlled cues were recorded during successful performance
      on spatial working memory trials as well as during spatial reference memory
      trials. The place fields of 90% of these units were maintained during the
      retention phase of the memory trials. During the recording of some units, other
      types of trial were given as well. On control trials, the cues were removed
      before the rat was placed on the maze. These trials provided controls for the
      potential influence of information left behind by the controlled cues and for the
      influence of the animal's behaviour on the unit activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 3691689
TI  - Quantitative morphological effects of dark-rearing and light exposure on the
      synaptic connectivity of layer 4 in the rat visual cortex (area 17).
AB  - The quantitative effects of dark-rearing and light exposure on the
      ultrastructural characteristics of synapses and synaptic boutons in layer 4 of
      the rat visual cortex (area 17) have been investigated using stereological
      techniques. Two experimental groups (each containing 5 animals) were investigated
      i) animals dark-reared upto weaning at 21 days post natum (21DPN) and then light
      exposed until 52DPN (Group 21/31), and ii) littermate animals totally dark-reared
      until 52DPN (Group 52dD). The results indicate a significantly higher mean
      density of synapses in the neuropil of layer 4 in group 21/31 (3.58 X 10(8).mm-3)
      compared with group 52dD (2.68 X 10(8).mm-3). Although the density per unit
      volume of synapses with identified asymmetrical synaptic membrane specialisations
      was not significantly different in group 21/31 than in group 52dD (but was
      significantly lower than animals reared normally), the density of synapses with
      identified symmetrical synaptic membrane specialisations was about 200% higher in
      group 21/31 versus group 52dD. However, significant differences were detected in
      the number of asymmetrical synapses established by single synaptic boutons in
      group 21/31 (1.21 +/- 0.11) compared with group 52dD (1.10 +/- 0.09). On the
      basis of the numbers of post-synaptic targets contacted by an individual synaptic
      bouton, a significantly higher density of synaptic boutons was found in group
      21/31 (2.32 X 10(8).mm-3) compared with group 52dD (1.82 X 10(8).mm-3).
      Furthermore, planar quantitative data indicated significant intergroup
      differences in the ultrastructure of asymmetrical and symmetrical synaptic
      boutons. The results of this study provide evidence indicating marked structural
      alterations in the synaptic connectivity of layer 4 of the rat visual cortex
      following the light exposure of rats dark-reared upto weaning. Indeed visual
      deprivation severely affected the 'inhibitory' circuitry in the major
      thalamorecipient territory of the visual cortex.

PMID- 3691690
TI  - The differentiation of visually guided and anticipatory saccades in gap and
      overlap paradigms.
AB  - Saslow and others have shown that the latency of foveating saccades can be
      altered by changing the offset time of the current fixation point relative to the
      onset of the peripheral target. Whether anticipatory saccades contributed to
      these results was not known. By the criteria of direction error and amplitude
      error the minimum latency for visually guided saccades is 110-130 ms for three
      subjects and 160 ms for a longer latency subject. Excluding anticipatory
      responses did not eliminate offset-onset effects. The genesis of express saccades
      and the role of higher neural levels is discussed.

PMID- 3691691
TI  - Some in vivo electrophysiological properties of locus coeruleus neurones in fetal
      rats.
AB  - The electrical activity of locus coeruleus (LC) neurones was recorded
      extracellularly in fetal rats still in contact with their dams by an intact
      umbilical cord. Pregnant rats, at gestation days 18 to 22, were anesthetized with
      urethane. The head of a fetal rat was exposed from the uterus and fixed to a
      conventional stereotaxic apparatus by means of a simple device. The location of
      the LC in the fetal rats was determined by the appearance of field responses
      evoked by stimulation of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle. Antidromic spikes of
      single LC neurones were evoked superimposed upon the field responses. The mean
      conduction velocity of LC axons was calculated to be 0.25 m/s. Some fetal LC
      units were activated antidromically by stimulation of the frontal cortex (FC)
      with latencies ranging from 21 to 67 ms, values nearly the same as those obtained
      in neonates and adults. Although the majority of fetal LC neurones recorded were
      not spontaneously active, a small number of them revealed epochs of sporadic
      firing, which appeared to occur synchronously in many or all of the LC neurones.
      Sensory stimuli (e.g., air puffs to the skin) were effective in activating LC
      neurones. These results indicate that LC neurones have already developed
      projections to the FC, and are functionally active in prenatal periods.

PMID- 3691692
TI  - The use of local anaesthetic microinjections to identify central pathways: a
      quantitative evaluation of the time course and extent of the neuronal block.
AB  - The time course and extent of local anaesthetic blocks within the spinal cord of
      cats were evaluated. A monopolar stimulation electrode with the tip lowered into
      the dorsal columns (DC) 1000 microns below cord surface was used to activate
      antidromically DC fibers at the T13 level and evoke cord dorsum potentials at the
      level of the lumbar spinal cord. The amplitude of the negative deflection, the N
      wave, was determined for various stimulation intensities (stimulation-response
      function, SRF). Lidocaine (1%) was microinjected in volumes of 0.5 or 1.0
      microliter into the DC from a glass micropipette 1 mm caudal to the stimulation
      site. Conduction block was characterized by a reversible shift of the SRFs to
      higher stimulation intensities. The diameter of the blocked area in the
      transverse plane was evaluated from threshold intensities and was found to be 0.9
      +/- 0.1 mm 4 to 30 min after the injection of 0.5 microliter lidocaine and 1.6 +/
      0.36 mm 10 to 45 min after the injection of 1.0 microliter lidocaine. In the
      sagittal plane, the diameter of the blocked area following 1.0 microliter
      lidocaine was found to be up to 2.8 mm. The DC-block was reversible within 92 min
      following injection of 1.0 microliter and 69 min after the injection of 0.5
      microliter lidocaine. The application of the present findings for blocks in other
      CNS structures is discussed.

PMID- 3691693
TI  - Voluntary smooth eye movements with foveally stabilized targets.
AB  - We investigated the capacity of 6 humans to make voluntary smooth eye movements
      with a horizontally stabilized foveal point target. When the target was viewed on
      a dark field, all subjects were able to make smooth oscillatory eye movements
      when they attempted to imitate their own normal pursuit of sinusoidal target
      movement (0.2-0.7 Hz) directly preceding the stabilization on the fovea. The
      frequency of the imitating eye movement was in general lower than the frequency
      of normal pursuit by 2-35%. While fixating a foveally stabilized point target
      superimposed on a large, sinusoidally moving non-stabilized background, all
      subjects were able to make either no eye movements, eye movements nearly in phase
      with or eye movements nearly in counterphase with the background movement
      depending on the instruction to imagine the target as head-stationary, moving in
      phase, or moving in counterphase with the background. The accuracy of the
      frequency of the smooth eye movement with the stabilized target on the moving
      background was higher than during imitation of pursuit on the dark field but the
      precision of the frequency was lower than during normal pursuit. When the
      background moved pseudo-randomly all subjects could voluntarily inhibit their
      smooth eye movements or could make smooth eye movements in phase with the
      background. Only 2 subjects showed a limited ability to make smooth eye movements
      opposite to the pseudo-random background movement. The results suggest that with
      predictable background movement the volition of the subject rather than the
      movement of the background determines the eye movements when the subject looks at
      the foveally stabilized target.

PMID- 3691694
TI  - Induction and maintenance of epileptiform activity in the rabbit olfactory bulb
      depends on centrifugal input.
AB  - A technique of cryogenic blockade was used in waking rabbits to produce complete
      and reversible isolation of the olfactory bulb from the rest of the brain. During
      cooling of the olfactory peduncle epileptiform activity occurred spontaneously in
      the pyriform cortex in 3 out of 20 sessions, but never in the bulb. Following
      removal of the cryoblockade, during the seizure state, epileptiform discharges
      appeared simultaneously in the bulb and pyriform cortex. In the control state,
      without cooling of the peduncle, epileptiform activity could be evoked in the
      bulb and cortex by intense electrical stimulation of either the bulb or the
      lateral olfactory tract. During the cryoblockade, however, intense stimulation of
      the bulb failed to evoke seizure-like discharges. The results demonstrate a
      dependency on more central olfactory structures for the induction and maintenance
      of epileptiform activity in the olfactory bulb.

PMID- 3691695
TI  - Spatial properties of neurones in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the pigmented
      ferret.
AB  - We used quantitative electrophysiological techniques to study the spatial
      properties of single units recorded extracellularly in the lateral geniculate and
      perigeniculate nuclei of the adult pigmented ferret. All neurones examined had
      approximately circular receptive fields, whose central regions gave responses
      antagonistic to those elicited from the surrounds. We presented sinusoidally
      modulated grating patterns, either drifting or counterphased, to obtain spatial
      frequency tuning curves, contrast sensitivity functions and to assess linearity
      or non-linearity of each neurone's response. In the ferret, as in other species,
      two types of lateral geniculate neurone could be distinguished, and we have
      termed these X-cells and Y-cells; both groups responded briskly to visual
      stimulation but X-cells gave sustained and linear responses whereas Y-cells
      responded transiently and non-linearly. Perigeniculate cells gave linear
      responses. For neurones in the lateral geniculate and perigeniculate nuclei, both
      the limit of spatial resolution ('acuity') and optimum spatial frequency were
      inversely related to receptive field eccentricity and the diameter of the
      receptive field centre. We recorded geniculate neurones in the ferret with
      acuities up to 3 cycles deg-1 and contrast sensitivities up to 114, values that
      are lower than those found previously for many geniculate cells in the cat.

PMID- 3691696
TI  - Velocity curves of human arm and speech movements.
AB  - The velocity curves of human arm and speech movements were examined as a function
      of amplitude and rate in both continuous and discrete movement tasks. Evidence
      for invariance under scalar transformation was assessed and a quantitative
      measure of the form of the curve was used to provide information on the implicit
      cost function in the production of voluntary movement. Arm, tongue and jaw
      movements were studied separately. The velocity curves of tongue and jaw movement
      were found to differ in form as a function of movement duration but were similar
      for movements of different amplitude. In contrast, the velocity curves for elbow
      movements were similar in form over differences in both amplitude and duration.
      Thus, the curves of arm movement, but not those of tongue or jaw movement, were
      geometrically equivalent in form. Measurements of the ratio of maximum to average
      velocity in arm movement were compared with the theoretical values calculated for
      a number of criterion functions. For continuous movements, the data corresponded
      best to values computed for the minimum energy criterion; for discrete movement,
      values were in the range of those predicted for the minimum jerk and best
      stiffness criteria. The source of a rate dependent asymmetry in the form of the
      velocity curve of speech movements was assessed in a control study in which
      subjects produced simple raising and lowering movements of the jaw without
      talking. The velocity curves of the non-speech control gesture were similar in
      form to those of jaw movement in speech. These data, in combination with similar
      findings for human jaw movement in mastication, suggest that the asymmetry is not
      a direct consequence of the requirements of the task. The biomechanics and neural
      control of the orofacial system may be possible sources of this effect.

PMID- 3691697
TI  - The pathways responsible for the characteristic head posture produced by lesions
      of the interstitial nucleus of Cajal in the cat.
AB  - (1) Experiments were performed in cats to examine effects of lesion of the
      interstitial nucleus of Cajal (INC) on head posture and the responsible pathway.
      Unilateral INC lesions resulted in lateral tilt of the head to the opposite side,
      and bilateral INC lesions resulted in dorsiflexion of the head as reported
      earlier. Such characteristic head posture was produced by successful kainic acid
      injections as well as by electrolytic lesions, suggesting that it was not due to
      damage of nerve fibers passing through the INC, but was produced most probably by
      damage of nerve cells in the INC. Electromyographic (EMG) recordings in
      unilateral INC-lesioned cats showed that activity was higher in the ipsilateral
      than in the contralateral major dorsal neck muscles (biventer, splenius,
      complexus, and rectus), and also higher in the contralateral than in the
      ipsilateral obliquus capitis caudalis muscle. The pattern of EMG activity was
      basically similar either when the cats presented typical head tilt or when their
      head was fixed to the frame at the stereotaxic plane. Characteristic head posture
      resulting from INC lesions seems consistent with the head posture produced by
      activation of these muscles. (2) Interruption of the medial and lateral
      vestibulospinal tracts did not significantly influence head tilt that had been
      produced by INC lesions. Characteristic head tilt was produced by INC lesions
      after cats had received bilateral labyrinthectomies, bilateral lesions of most of
      the vestibular nuclei, and bilateral aspiration of the cerebellar vermis and most
      of the lateral vestibular nuclei, indicating that typical head tilt can be
      produced without the vestibular nuclei and cerebellar vermis. (3) The medial
      longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) was interrupted at different levels to cut the
      major descending fibers from the INC. MLF interruption at the caudal midbrain
      produced typical head tilt, although MLF cut at the caudal pons and medulla was
      ineffective. Bilateral parasagittal cuts lateral to the MLF in the pons produced
      severe dorsiflexion of the head, and a subsequent unilateral INC lesion produced
      no further head tilt. These results suggest that fibers originating in the INC,
      removal of which is responsible for the typical head tilt, run through the MLF in
      the midbrain, and leave it in the pontine level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3691698
TI  - Comparative analysis of cerebellar unit discharge patterns in the decerebrate cat
      during passive movements.
AB  - 1) The present experiments were undertaken to study how information about the
      parameters of a passive movement is processed at different neuronal levels of the
      cat cerebellar cortex. The analysis has been performed by recording
      extracellularly in the intermediate part of the cerebellar anterior lobe from
      presumed mossy fibres, presumed granule cells, and Purkinje cells with simple
      spikes and complex spikes. 2) The discharge patterns obtained during passive
      movements of the cat's forepaw were characterized by components which could be
      related to dynamic or static parameters of the movement. With respect to the
      occurrence of dynamic responses, patterns were classified according to a
      statistically derived measure in three different types. By using the same
      statistical measure, discharge patterns were additionally classified into two
      subgroups according to their response components reflecting static parameters.
      Within the patterns a clearcut relationship between dynamic and static components
      was observed. The corresponding distributions are shown and discussed. 3) A very
      interesting result of the classification of cerebellar discharge patterns is that
      the distribution of the different types depended on the level of integration
      within the cerebellar cortex. Patterns of the low scale integrated cerebellar
      input (mossy fibre-system), as well as those of granule cells (the first
      cerebellar computational niveau), reflected both static and dynamic movement
      parameters. At the Purkinje cell level (a level with a high degree of
      convergence) the discharge patterns are characterized predominantly by dynamic
      responses. 4) The interrelationship between complex- and simple spikes of
      Purkinje cells was tested by different methods: a) By analyzing the paired values
      of the mean complex-(CS) and simple spike (SS) discharge probabilities of 110
      Purkinje cells a scatter was obtained, indicating an underlying hyperbolic
      relation (prob(CS) = a/(prob(SS]b). Thus, a high CS discharge probability is
      accompanied by a low SS probability and vice versa. b) The timelocked complex-
      and simple spike responses were studied by comparing the similarity of their
      responses. All combinations of complex- and simple spike patterns were observed,
      ranging from a sign correct similarity to a mirror image similarity. The
      distribution of the measure for similarity shows that the mirror image
      predominated. c) The individual simple spike discharge probability is
      characterized by a pause evoked by the occurrence of a complex spike event. The
      simple spike discharge probabilities during an interval preceding and following a
      complex spike event were compared.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3691699
TI  - Cerebellar unit responses of the mossy fibre system to passive movements in the
      decerebrate cat. I. Responses to static parameters.
AB  - 1) Experiments were designed to detect how static parameters of natural, passive
      hand movements are encoded and integrated within the cerebellar cortex. For this
      purpose unit activity was recorded extracellularly from presumed mossy fibres
      (MF), presumed granule cells (GrC) and from Purkinje cells (PC) discharging with
      simple spikes (SS) and complex spikes (CS). With respect to the PC, our interest
      was focussed primarily on the SS activity. The recordings were performed in the
      intermediate part of the cerebellar anterior lobe of decerebrate cats. The
      animal's forepaw was passively moved around the wrist joint by an electronically
      controlled device. The movements were exactly reproducible so that peristimulus
      time histograms of the unit activity could be constructed. 2) At the input level
      (MF) and at the first level of integration within the cerebellar cortex (GrC),
      patterns with similar discharge characteristics were found. Such patterns could,
      to a limited extent, also be detected at the cerebellar output (SS of PC).
      However, in most cases of SS discharge, patterns were found with weak correlation
      between the tonic activity and static parameters of the movements. 3) Absolute
      paw position, amplitude, and duration of movements were found to be related over
      wide ranges to the activities of MF and GrC. Absolute position is directly
      encoded by tonic discharge during the low or high holding phases. Beside this,
      units were found without a correlation between the tonic discharge and the
      position of the nonmoving paw. However, in these units it was sometimes observed
      that the information about the momentary position or the information about the
      mean position was sometimes conveyed exclusively during the proceeding upward or
      downward movement. Thus, information about static parameters was transmitted only
      at times when a dynamic parameter (such as velocity) occurred. This type of
      position information encoding is termed "indirect mode of transmission". 4) A
      specific relationship between SS unit activity of PC and the absolute position of
      the forepaw or amplitude of the movement could be found primarily by using
      multiple ramps instead of single ramp movements. This was observed even if both
      types of ramp movements had the same velocity, individual amplitude, and tested
      range. However, on multiple ramp movements the paw generally remained for a
      shorter period at a specific position level as compared to the single ramp
      movements. 5) Apart from this timing phenomenon, a late movement response was
      observed, which results in a specific type of position information encoding on
      multiple ramp functions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3691701
TI  - An analysis of potentially converging inputs to the rostral ventral thalamic
      nuclei of the cat.
AB  - Potentially convergent inputs to cerebellar-receiving and basal ganglia-receiving
      areas of the thalamus were identified using horseradish peroxidase (HRP)
      retrograde tracing techniques. HRP was deposited iontophoretically into the
      ventroanterior (VA), ventromedial (VM), and ventrolateral (VL) thalamic nuclei in
      the cat. The relative numbers of labeled neurons in the basal ganglia and the
      cerebellar nuclei were used to assess the extent to which the injection was in
      cerebellar-receiving or basal ganglia-receiving portions of thalamus. The rostral
      pole of VA showed reciprocal connections with prefrontal portions of the cerebral
      cortex. Only the basal ganglia and the hypothalamus provided non-thalamic input
      to modulate these cortico-thalamo-cortical loops. In VM, there were reciprocal
      connections with prefrontal, premotor, and insular areas of the cerebral cortex.
      The basal ganglia (especially the substantia nigra), and to a lesser extent, the
      posterior and ventral portions of the deep cerebellar nuclei, provided input to
      VM and may modulate these cortico-thalamo-cortical loops. The premotor cortical
      areas connected to VM include those associated with eye movements, and afferents
      from the superior colliculus, a region of documented importance in oculomotor
      control, also were labeled by injections into VM. The dorsolateral portion of the
      VA-VL complex primarily showed reciprocal connections with the medial premotor
      (area 6) cortex. Basal ganglia and cerebellar afferents both may modulate this
      cortico-thalamo-cortical loop, although they do not necessarily converge on the
      same thalamic neurons. The cerebellar input to dorsolateral VA-VL was from
      posterior and ventral portions of the cerebellar nuclei, and the major potential
      brainstem afferents to this region of thalamus were from the pretectum. Mid- and
      caudo-lateral portions of VL had reciprocal connections with primary motor cortex
      (area 4). The dorsal and anterior portions of the cerebellar nuclei had a
      dominant input to this cortico-thalamo-cortical loop. Potentially converging
      brainstem afferents to this portion of VL were from the pretectum, especially
      pretectal areas to which somatosensory afferents project.

PMID- 3691700
TI  - Diversity of complex cell responses to even- and odd-symmetric luminance profiles
      in the visual cortex of the cat.
AB  - We have tested the hypothesis that complex cell receptive fields are made up of
      subfields which, for a given cell, have either exclusively even or exclusively
      odd symmetry. To do this we have measured the response of complex cells in the
      visual cortex of the cat to members of pairs of spatially limited even-symmetric
      stimuli (single light and dark bars) and pairs of odd-symmetric stimuli ("light
      dark" and "dark-light" double bars) successively drifting across their receptive
      fields. The strength of a cell's response was estimated by measuring the sum of
      all spikes produced by a stimulus. Some complex cells respond about equally to
      single light and dark bars; others respond appreciably more to either the light
      or dark bar. The central tendency of average response histograms was estimated by
      measuring the mean with respect to position across the width of the receptive
      field. Many complex cells show distinct spatial offsets between the mean for
      narrow single light and that for dark bars as well as between means to double
      bars of opposite phase. Combined offset plots were constructed with the spatial
      offsets between means for single light bars and single dark bars along the x axis
      and the offsets between means to double bars of opposite phase along the y axis.
      There is significant scatter in the combined offset points; some falling at the
      origin, some at significant distances from the origin along the axes, and others
      well within each of the four quadrants. These diverse localizations in the offset
      plots rule out the simple models of complex cell spatial substructure described
      above and, therefore, imply considerable heterogeneity within the population of
      complex cells.

PMID- 3691702
TI  - Evaluation of the osmoregulatory function of taurine in brain cells.
AB  - Homogenous primary cultures of mouse astrocytes and cortical neurons were used to
      clarify the role of taurine in ion and osmoregulation in the CNS. This study
      indicates that both neurons and glial cells have uptake systems for taurine. The
      cell water content does not change during loading of cells with taurine. Chemical
      analysis indicates that part of the accumulated taurine is metabolized and that
      the product(s) are stored in the cells. Extracellular taurine (1 mM) has no
      effect on K+, Na+, Cl-, or Ca2+ movements in astrocytes. However, astrocytes
      loaded to a taurine content which corresponds a concentration of 60 mM
      (corresponds to normal mouse cortex levels) show a 50% reduction in their K+
      accumulation by carriers and a 100% increase in Ca2+ turnover rates. Movements of
      Ca2+ and K+ are involved in neurotransmission. It appears that taurine stored in
      glial cells, has an important effect on ion homeostasis in the CNS and may act
      indirectly on neuronal excitability.

PMID- 3691703
TI  - Binocular interaction in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat.
AB  - We have investigated binocular interaction in the dorsal lateral geniculate
      nucleus (LGN) of the cat. Neurons were recorded extracellularly during visual
      stimulation with sinusoidal gratings which were presented at different
      interocular phases (disparities). The large majority of cells (91%) exhibited
      some type of binocular interaction. For 75% and 16% of the total number of cells,
      the binocular interaction was inhibitory or facilitatory, respectively. For the
      remaining 9% of cells, no interaction was evident. In marked distinction from
      visual cortex, the facilitatory and inhibitory interactions in the LGN are
      independent of the relative interocular phase of the patterns. Neurons in the LGN
      are therefore insensitive to the stereoscopic depth cue, retinal disparity.

PMID- 3691704
TI  - Thresholds and encoding of neuronal responses to mechanical stimuli in the ventro
      basal thalamus during carrageenin-induced hyperalgesic inflammation in the rat.
AB  - Neuronal response thresholds and the encoding of mechanical stimulus intensity in
      the ventro-basal (VB) thalamus was analyzed in anaesthetized rats before and
      during the first two hours following induction of hyperalgesic inflammation. This
      inflammation was induced by the intra-plantar injection of carrageenin in the
      hindpaw contralateral to the recorded neurones. Only neurones exclusively driven
      by noxious stimuli and with a receptive field on or including the injected paw
      were considered. In this early phase of the inflammatory process, there was no
      significant modification of the response threshold to the mechanical stimulus
      (indentation of about 300 micron). This suggests the involvement of additional
      neuronal population(s) to account for the decrease in the vocalisation threshold
      to pressure observed in the freely moving animal at this time of the
      inflammation. A liner encoding of the indentation depth was observed before and
      after the carrageenin injection although the slope of the stimulus response-curve
      was steeper after the injection. The data emphasize that the carrageenin
      sensitization acts differentially on the liminal and supra-liminal responses of
      the same neurone to a skin indentation, since in the first hour following the
      initiation of the inflammation the sensitization is essentially observed for
      responses obtained with stimulus intensity largely above the threshold value.
      With regard to previous observations using thermal stimulation, the results also
      illustrate that the carrageenin induced sensitization of responses differs
      depending on the stimulus intensity and modality used.

PMID- 3691705
TI  - A sharp retinal image increases the topographic precision of the goldfish
      retinotectal projection during optic nerve regeneration in stroboscopic light.
AB  - Locally-correlated neural activity appears to play a key role in refining
      topographically mapped projections. The retinotectal projection of the goldfish
      normally regains a high degree of spatial precision after regeneration of a cut
      optic nerve, but it fails to do so if retinal ganglion cell activity is blocked
      by tetrodotoxin, or if local correlations in activity are masked by the
      synchronizing effect of stroboscopic light. A sharp retinal image is not normally
      needed for a sharp map because local correlation occurs even in darkness or
      diffuse light, but the possibility that a sharp image might restore local
      correlation and sharpen the map in stroboscopic light, though taken into account
      in earlier experiments, has not previously been tested. The precision of the
      retinotectal map was therefore studied, by retrograde transport of WGA-HRP from a
      standard tectal injection site and quantitative analysis of the labelled ganglion
      cell distribution, after regeneration of a cut optic nerve for 83-84 days in
      either continuous stroboscopic light or normal diurnal light. The lens of the eye
      was either ablated to blur the retinal image or sham-operated. Two different
      strobe flash patterns used in previous experiments were also compared. With the
      lens ablated, stroboscopic light impaired map refinement significantly,
      confirming previous results. A rapid, irregular flash pattern averaging about 5
      Hz was rather more effective than a regular 1 Hz pattern. With the lens intact,
      however, neither pattern had any detectable effect. The significant gain in
      precision resulting from a sharp retinal image in these circumstances suggests
      that common mechanisms could underlie both the internal refinement of the
      retinotectal map and such directly experience-sensitive processes as the
      experimental realignment of binocular maps in the frog Xenopus, and of auditory
      and visual maps in the barn owl.

PMID- 3691706
TI  - Altered morphology of dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus neurons in
      methylazoxymethanol acetate induced micrencephaly.
AB  - The morphology of neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) of rats
      made micrencephalic by prenatal exposure (E13 or E15) to the cytotoxic agent,
      methylazoxymethanol acetate, has been examined in Golgi impregnations. Type B
      neurons were unaffected by exposure on either day while type A neurons showed
      significant reductions in both soma diameter and dendritic field area following
      exposure on E15, but not E13. These results indicate that target deprivation of
      type A neurons (by destruction of neurons in the granular and supragranular
      layers of the occipital cortex with exposure on E15) has a more significant
      effect on development of type A neurons than the direct cytotoxic action of the
      agent on precursors of dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus neurons in the fetal
      thalamus (seen with exposure on E13 in a previous study). The findings are
      significant because they indicate that the indirect effects of cytotoxic
      teratogens on the developing brain (acting via the target dependence of some
      neuronal classes) may cause structural und functional alterations in the brain
      which differ from those predicted on the basis of the direct action above. This
      study also shows that the percentage of relay neurons in the dorsal lateral
      geniculate nucleus is unaffected in animals exposed to the agent on E15, despite
      pronounced reductions in neuronal numbers and changes in relay neuron morphology.

PMID- 3691707
TI  - The cerebellar corticonuclear projection from lobule Vb/c of the cat anterior
      lobe: a combined electrophysiological and autoradiographic study. II. Projections
      from the vermis.
AB  - The present study is an investigation of the efferent pathways from Purkinje
      cells within particular sagittal zones of the vermal region of the cat cerebellar
      cortex. A combined electrophysiological/autoradiographic technique was used, in
      which a small volume (10-120 nl) of 3H-leucine was injected into the centre of a
      chosen cortical zone after the mediolateral extent of the zone had been delimited
      electrophysiologically on the basis of its climbing fibre input. Study of the
      uptake and orthograde transport of labelled material by the Purkinje cells showed
      that the smallest injections gave rise to injection sites which were restricted
      to a single zone and to terminal labelling which was very reproducible between
      cases. Larger injections usually resulted in spread of labelled material to
      neighbouring zones but the resultant distribution of terminal labelling was
      nevertheless consistent with that arising from smaller injections. The x zone,
      which receives climbing fibre input transmitted from the ipsilateral forelimb via
      a dorsal funiculus spino-olivo-cerebellar pathway (DF-SOCP), was found to project
      to the junctional region between nucleus fastigius and nucleus interpositus
      posterior (NIP). The b zone, which lies laterally in the vermis and receives
      climbing fibre input transmitted from both forelimbs (and both hindlimbs) via a
      slower conducting SOCP, was found to project, not to the cerebellar nuclei
      proper, but to the ipsilateral lateral vestibular nucleus. The projection of the
      third zone within the vermis, the a zone, was not examined but it is generally
      agreed that this zone projects mainly to nucleus fastigius.

PMID- 3691708
TI  - Collateralization of frontal eye field (medial precentral/anterior cingulate)
      neurons projecting to the paraoculomotor region, superior colliculus, and medial
      pontine reticular formation in the rat: a fluorescent double-labeling study.
AB  - Paired injections of fluorescent tracers (True Blue, Diamidino-Yellow) were made
      into the oculomotor complex (OMC) and medial pontine reticular formation (mPRF),
      and superior colliculus (SC) and mPRF, in adult rats to retrogradely label the
      cortical cells of origin of projections to these oculomotor-related brainstem
      structures. While large numbers of single-labeled cells in the medial frontal
      cortex projected only to the mPRF, the presence of many double-labeled cells in
      the dorsomedial shoulder cortex (medial precentral/anterior cingulate areas), the
      rat frontal eye field (FEF), indicated that this cortical region contains lamina
      V pyramid neurons whose axons collateralize to project to the region of the OMC,
      SC, and mPRF. The similarities of rat and monkey FEF connections, and their
      relevance to the control of eye movement, are discussed.

PMID- 3691710
TI  - Processing of interaural time and intensity differences in the cat inferior
      colliculus.
AB  - 1. Binaural neurones were recorded in the central nucleus of the cat inferior
      colliculus and were stimulated with tone and noise bursts. Closed field sound
      systems were used to produce independent interaural time (ITD) and intensity
      (IID) differences. Particular attention was paid to high frequency (above 2 kHz)
      cells. 2. Three main types of binaural neurone were found: High frequency
      excitatory-inhibitory neurones (EI cells), excited by input from the
      contralateral ear and inhibited by ipsilateral input, high frequency excitatory
      excitatory cells (EE cells), excited by inputs from either ear and low frequency
      cells sensitive to interaural phase differences (IPD cells). 3. The EI cells had
      characteristics similar to those of IE cells in the contralateral lateral
      superior olive. They were sensitive to envelope ITDs (most cells) and IIDs (all
      cells) favouring the contralateral ear. The response of these cells increased
      with increasing contra lead ITDs or contra loud IIDs up to values well outside
      the physiological range. 4. Low frequency binaural cells were sensitive to
      interaural phase differences (IPDs). The peak response was often in the
      contralateral physiological range and the response was unaffected by IIDs. 5.
      Many high frequency EE cells were sensitive to envelope ITDs. These units were
      relatively unaffected by IID. Although the ITD sensitivity of these cells was
      generally less than that of the IPD cells, the peak response of the ITD curve was
      also often in the contralateral physiological range. 6. Some of the high
      frequency EI and EE cells were sensitive to ongoing time differences (OTDs) in
      white noise signals, i.e. they showed ITD response curves to carrier only shifted
      noise bursts. 7. The EI cells often showed recovery from inhibition at large
      ipsilateral lead. This tendency was increased as the sound pressure level on the
      inhibitory side was lowered and by the use of click stimuli. Similarly, cycles of
      suppression could be seen to follow excitation in some EE cells. The time course
      of these effects was in the order of hundreds of microseconds. 8. Binaural
      characteristics (degree of ITD, IID or OTD sensitivity) showed considerable
      interunit variation within each cell type. These variations were also affected by
      signal type (tone or noise bursts) and did not appear to be correlated with best
      frequency, nature of the tuning curve or PSTH type. We suggest that the time
      course of the inhibitory and excitatory effects at each unit (and its interaction
      with the signal type) determines the type of ITD response and that this time
      course varies from cell to cell.

PMID- 3691711
TI  - Organization of corneal afferent axons in the trigeminal nerve root entry zone in
      the cat.
AB  - Experiments were carried out in cats to learn the location of sensory axons from
      the cornea in the trigeminal nerve root just prior to its entry into the
      brainstem. HRP injected into the cornea labelled these axons and indicated they
      were not restricted to the ophthalmic division of the nerve root as had been
      indicated from previous studies. These findings, if representative of other
      branches of this nerve, offer a partial explanation for the variable preservation
      of function following transection of an entire division of the trigeminal nerve
      root in cases of trigeminal neuralgia.

PMID- 3691709
TI  - Collateralization of cerebellar efferent projections to the paraoculomotor
      region, superior colliculus, and medial pontine reticular formation in the rat: a
      fluorescent double-labeling study.
AB  - Collateralization of cerebellar efferent projections to the oculomotor region,
      superior colliculus (SC), and medial pontine reticular formation (mPRF) was
      studied in rats using fluorescent tracer substances. In one group, True Blue (TB)
      was injected into the oculomotor complex (OMC), including certain paraoculomotor
      nuclei and supraoculomotor ventral periaqueductal gray (PAG), and Diamidino
      Yellow (DY) was injected into the medial pontine reticular formation (mPRF) or
      pontine raphe. The largest number of single-TB-labeled (paraoculomotor
      projecting) cells was observed in the medial cerebellar nucleus (MCN) and
      posterior interposed nucleus (PIN), whereas the largest number of single-DY
      labeled (mPRF-projecting) cells was in the MCN. Double-TB/DY-labeled cells were
      present in the caudal two-thirds of the MCN, suggesting that some MCN neurons
      send divergent axon collaterals to the paraoculomotor region and mPRF. In another
      group, TB was injected into the SC and DY into the mPRF. The largest number of
      single-TB-labeled (SC-projecting) cells was in the PIN, although a considerable
      number of cells was observed in the caudal MCN, and ventral lateral cerebellar
      nucleus (LCN). Single-DY-labeled (mPRF-projecting) neurons were primarily located
      in the central and ventral MCN, but were also present in the lateral anterior
      interposed (AIN) and in the LCN. Double-TB/DY-labeled neurons were observed in
      the caudal two-thirds of the MCN and in the central portion of the LCN. The most
      significant new findings of the study concerned the MCN, which not only contained
      neurons that projected independently to the paraoculomotor region, SC, and mPRF,
      but also contained a considerable number of cells which collateralized to project
      to more than one of these nuclei. The possibility that the MCN projects to the
      supraoculomotor ventral PAG (containing an oculomotor interneuron system) and to
      the mPRF, which in the cat and monkey contain neural elements essential to the
      production of saccadic eye movements, is discussed. The anatomical findings
      suggest that the MCN in the rat plays an important role in eye movement.

PMID- 3691712
TI  - Motor abnormalities in staggerer mutant mice.
AB  - Staggerer mutant mice spontaneously lose both Purkinje and granule cells of the
      cerebellum. Motor abnormalities included less activity for an exploratory task
      and loss of balance in two equilibrium tests. It was observed that staggerer
      mutants exhibited paw clasping and limb crossing responses when held in the air
      by the tail, of a sort never seen in normal adult mice. The role of the
      cerebellum in these abnormalities is discussed.

PMID- 3691713
TI  - Control of recurrent inhibition of the lateral geniculate nucleus by afferents
      from the superior colliculus of the rabbit: a possible mechanism of saccadic
      suppression.
AB  - Stimulation of the ipsilateral superior colliculus elicited a short burst of
      discharges of the recurrent inhibitory interneurones in the geniculocortical
      pathway of the rabbit. The most effective stimulating sites for this excitation
      were located in the deep layers rather than the superficial layers of the
      superior colliculus. The short latency of the response (2.3 +/- 0.6 ms) implied
      an oligo-synaptic excitatory pathway from the deep layers of the superior
      colliculus to the recurrent interneurones located in the caudal reticular nucleus
      of the thalamus. Following the excitation of the interneurone, there was a
      prolonged inhibition which started 10-30 ms and ended 150 ms after the collicular
      stimulation. The maximal inhibition occurred 50-70 ms after the stimulation. The
      effects of collicular stimulation on the recurrent inhibitory interneurones may
      be concerned with the inhibition of the visual pathway during saccades and with
      the disinhibition of "facilitation" during fixation of a new visual target.

PMID- 3691714
TI  - Neuroanatomical substrate of behavioural impairment in weaver mutant mice.

PMID- 3691715
TI  - Frontal eye field lesions in monkeys disrupt visual pursuit.
AB  - Discussions of the cortical control of eye movement have generally attributed the
      generation of saccadic movements to the frontal eye fields (FEF) and the control
      of pursuit movements to posterior parietal or prestriate cortex. Monkeys were
      trained to perform a series of oculomotor tasks, including both saccade and
      pursuit paradigms. Surgical ablation of the frontal eye fields produced only
      minor disruption of saccade performance, but caused a dramatic deficit in the
      ability of monkeys to visually track a slowly moving target. This disorder has
      not previously been associated with FEF lesions. These results necessitate a
      major re-evaluation of the way in which the cerebral cortex participates in
      oculomotor control.

PMID- 3691716
TI  - Does microstimulation evoke fixed-vector saccades by generating their vector or
      by specifying their goal?
AB  - Electrical stimulation was performed at several sites of the monkey's forebrain
      producing fixed-vector saccades when the eyes were steady. When the same
      stimulation was applied during or immediately after a spontaneous eye movement,
      the saccade trajectory was considerably modified: the eyes were driven, from
      wherever they were deviated by the spontaneous movement, to the point where the
      fixed-vector saccade would have brought them if the spontaneous movement had not
      occurred. This finding implies first, that saccades evoked from these sites are
      directed toward a goal and, a second, that the goal is defined with respect to an
      eye position sampled long in advance (before the spontaneous eye movement). This
      is consistent with the hypothesis that the electrical stimulation evoked the
      retinotopic representation of a target whose spatial coordinates were then
      computed at further stages to produce a saccade. Using the present paradigm, it
      may be possible to distinguish brain sites processing retinal error (at the
      visual stage) from those processing motor error (at the motor stage).

PMID- 3691717
TI  - Plasticity and rigidity in the representation of the human visual field.
AB  - Neuronal plasticity in the mammalian visual system has been studied with a
      variety of experimental methods like induction of artificial squint and eye
      rotation. To investigate neuronal plasticity in the human visual system, we
      examined a patient with a congenital convergent squint of his left eye, who later
      suffered a vascular lesion in his left occipital lobe that led to an incomplete
      hemianopia in his right visual field. The examination revealed that the visual
      field representation in the striate cortex is rigidly prewired with reference to
      the anatomical fovea. In contrast, plasticity in the oculomotor system enables
      the patient to use a functional visual axis that does not correspond to the
      anatomical fovea. Local alterations of sensitivity within the visual field that
      indicate interactions among non-corresponding retinal points provide additional
      evidence of functional plasticity.

PMID- 3691718
TI  - Response properties of the parabrachio-thalamic taste and mechanoreceptive
      neurons in rats.
AB  - A total of 66 taste and 33 mechanoreceptive neurons were isolated from the
      parabrachial nucleus (PB) of rats. Among them, 39 taste and 8 mechanoreceptive
      neurons were identified as parabrachio-thalamic relay (P-T) neurons on the basis
      of antidromic activation from either or both sides of the thalamic taste areas
      (TTAs). On average, the P-T taste neurons produced larger response magnitudes
      than the non-P-T taste neurons, and whereas about half the P-T taste neurons were
      NaCl-best, only a small number of the non-P-T taste neurons were NaCl-best. Both
      the P-T and non-P-T taste neurons showed a similar breadth of responsiveness to
      four basic taste stimuli. The response magnitudes of the P-T taste neurons to all
      taste stimuli were ca. 3 times larger than those of the solitario-parabrachial
      relay (SP) neurons (afferents to the PB); in particular, the response magnitudes
      of the NaCl-best P-T neurons were 4-5 times larger than those of the NaCl-best SP
      neurons. The response magnitudes and breadth of taste responsiveness of the P-T
      taste neurons were reciprocally correlated with the antidromic latencies from
      either side of the TTAs. A histological examination revealed that the P-T taste
      neurons in the ventral part of the PB had a shorter antidromic latency from the
      ipsilateral TTA than those in the dorsal part of the nucleus. Mechanoreceptive
      neurons were excited by stroking the tissue in the oral cavity or perioral
      tissue, or by pinching them with non-serrated forceps. The mechanoreceptive P-T
      neurons were also activated from either or both sides of the TTAs. No particular
      relation was noticed between the antidromic latency of the mechanoreceptive P-T
      neurons and their response properties or locations in the nucleus.

PMID- 3691719
TI  - Receptive field properties of the parabrachio-thalamic taste and mechanoreceptive
      neurons in rats.
AB  - Receptive fields (RFs) of 36 taste (the 22 parabrachio-thalamic relay (P-T) and
      14 non-P-T) and 23 mechanoreceptive neurons (7 P-T and 16 non-P-T) were located
      in the oral cavity of rats. All of the taste and most of the mechanoreceptive
      units examined had an RF on the ipsilateral side of the tongue or palate, but
      some mechanoreceptive P-T and non-P-T units had RFs bilaterally. When the RFs of
      taste neurons were examined with the most effective of the four basic taste (the
      best stimulus) and non-best stimuli, no difference was noticed in the location of
      RFs between the P-T and non-P-T neurons. Though most of the P-T neurons (7/11)
      and all of the non-P-T neurons (6/6) had an RF for non-best stimuli at a region
      similar to that for the best stimulus, some P-T neurons (4/11) had an RFs for non
      best stimulus outside the RF for the best stimulus and/or on the region separate
      from the RF for the best stimulus. The P-T neurons, responding vigorously to non
      optimal stimuli as well as to the best stimulus, had an RF outside the RF for the
      best stimulus. RFs for mechanical stimulation were also examined in some taste
      and mechanoreceptive neurons. The mechanoreceptive P-T units rarely had an RF
      exclusively on the palate. Some mechanoreceptive units had an RF on the region
      where no taste RF has been found, e.g. the intermolar eminence and the folium of
      the hard palate.

PMID- 3691720
TI  - Automatic postural responses in the cat: responses of distal hindlimb muscles to
      paired vertical perturbations of stance.
AB  - The active components of the quadrupedal diagonal stance response to rapid
      removal of the support from beneath a single limb were studied in cats to further
      define the mechanisms that trigger and generate the response. We recorded EMG
      activity from lateral gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles in awake,
      behaving cats while they stood on an hydraulic posture platform. By dropping the
      support from beneath a single limb, we evoked the diagonal stance response, with
      its characteristic changes in vertical force and EMG patterns. As the animal
      responded to this drop, a second perturbation of posture was then presented at
      intervals of 10 to 100 ms following the first. The second perturbation, which
      consisted of dropping the support from beneath the two limbs that were loaded as
      a result of the initial limb drop, made the first response biomechanically
      inappropriate. The EMG responses observed in both muscles during paired
      perturbations were triggered by the somatosensory events related to the
      perturbations. Muscle responses that were appropriate for the first perturbation
      always occurred with amplitudes and latencies similar to control trials. This was
      true even when the second perturbation occurred 10-20 ms after the first, that
      is, when this perturbation either preceded or was coincident with the response to
      the initial limb drop. The EMG responses that were normally associated with the
      second perturbation were delayed and/or reduced in amplitude when the time
      interval between perturbations was short. As the inter-perturbation interval was
      lengthened beyond 60-100 ms, however, EMG responses to the second perturbation
      were unaffected by the occurrence of the first perturbation. When the hindlimb
      containing the recording electrodes was dropped as part of the second
      perturbation, a myotatic latency response was observed in tibialis anterior. The
      amplitude of this response to the second perturbation was greater than controls
      when this displacement was presented during the period between initiation of the
      first perturbation and execution of the response to it. When the second
      displacement was presented after execution of the first response began, the
      amplitude of the myotatic response was reduced below control levels. While the
      results do not preclude the possibility that these "automatic" postural responses
      are segmental or suprasegmental reflexes, they support the hypothesis that the
      active component of the response to drop of the support beneath a single limb is
      centrally programmed and that the appropriate response can be triggered very
      rapidly by the somatosensory information signalling the perturbation.

PMID- 3691722
TI  - The primate nucleus basalis of Meynert: neuronal activity related to a visuomotor
      tracking task.
AB  - The activity of neurons in the nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbM), both the compact
      (nbMc) and interstitial (nbMi) components, has been examined in monkeys trained
      to perform a visuomotor step-tracking task. This study was carried out in the
      same animals and with the same task used to examine neuronal activity in the
      external and internal segments of globus pallidus (GPe and GPi) and ventral
      pallidum (VP). The presumed interstitial cells that are located within the
      laminae surrounding GPe and GPi and identified physiologically by their
      similarity with nbMc neurons, are referred to as border cells. A major finding of
      this study is that a large proportion of nbMc and border cells were active in
      relation to either the step-tracking movements or to load application. Moreover,
      a high proportion of the responses of border neurons were differential for
      opposite directions of load and movement. The percentages of directionally
      specific border and nbMc neurons were considerably less than for GP, with border
      neurons having more directionally specific responses than nbMc neurons. The
      similarity between border and GP neuronal properties in this task suggests that
      both may receive similar sensorimotor afferent input. In the compact portion of
      nbM, nonspecific neuronal responses following each behavioral event in the
      paradigm were common. These responses appeared to have been modified by and may
      have been contingent upon association with reinforcement.

PMID- 3691721
TI  - The primate globus pallidus: neuronal activity related to direction of movement.
AB  - Neurons in the arm areas of the external and internal segments of the globus
      pallidus (GPe and GPi) and the ventral pallidum (VP) have been examined in a
      visuomotor step-tracking task. This task, which was similar to that used
      previously to examine neurons in the arm area of the putamen, dissociated the
      direction of movement from the pattern of muscle activity associated with the
      movement. The major finding of the present study is that, as in the putamen, the
      activity of almost half of the neurons in GPe and GPi was related to the
      direction of movement. Cells with overall patterns of activity similar to muscle
      were rare, although many neurons had static and/or dynamic load effects which
      resembled those seen in muscle. Responses of neurons to load application have
      also been examined in this paradigm in order to determine the nature of possible
      somatosensory input. Short-latency "sensory" responses to load application were
      found in pallidum as previously in putamen, but, by contrast, they occurred
      somewhat later and included bidirectional responses. Similar proportions of cells
      in GP and putamen were related to static loads. Some VP neurons appeared to
      encode information about specific features of the trials, but the majority of
      responses were nonspecific suggesting relations to more general features of the
      task.

PMID- 3691723
TI  - Sensory perception during movement in man.
AB  - The ability of subjects to perceive innocuous stimuli in the presence and absence
      of movement was evaluated using electrical stimulation of the skin. The
      subjective intensity of suprathreshold stimuli was unchanged during movement.
      Discrimination of small differences in the intensity of suprathreshold stimuli
      (difference thresholds) was also not altered by movement while, in the same
      subjects, detection thresholds were increased during movement of the stimulated
      arm. These results suggest that the elevation of detection thresholds during
      movement can be explained by masking. Both active and passive movement of the
      stimulated limb increased detection thresholds, with active movement having a
      slightly greater and more consistent effect than passive movement. Thus, both
      central and peripheral feedback factors appear to play a role in diminishing
      one's ability to detect weak stimuli during movement. Attention was also shown to
      influence performance of the detection task.

PMID- 3691724
TI  - Effects of monocular strobe rearing on kitten striate cortex.
AB  - Monocular deprivation in kittens does not lead to an ocular dominance shift in
      striate cortex if the visual stimuli do not contain contours. In the present
      study we sought to find out whether an ocular dominance shift is produced if the
      visual environment does contain contours but is devoid of motion. Six kittens
      were reared with one eye occluded in a visual environment that was lit only by
      the light of a stroboscope (2 flashes per sec). Exposure was started at 5-6 weeks
      of age after dark-rearing from birth and extended until 8-12 weeks of age for 8 h
      per day. The rest of the time was spent in total darkness. Thus, the animals were
      completely deprived of vision in one eye, while the other eye experienced only
      stationary flashing contours. Single units in area 17 of these animals were
      studied and compared to normally reared cats. In all six animals ocular dominance
      was clearly shifted towards the eye with strobe experience. The ocular dominance
      shift showed, however, the following interdependencies with other parameters:
      neurones that responded to stationary flashing test stimuli were nearly always
      dominated by the strobe eye; neurones that responded only to moving bars or edges
      remained binocular. In the normal control animals the ocular dominance
      distribution was similar for both groups of cells. Track analysis according to
      cortical lamination revealed that neurones in infragranular layers consistently
      showed a weaker OD shift towards the strobe eye than neurones in supragranular
      layers (including layer 4).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3691725
TI  - The postnatal development of thalamocortical projections from the pulvinar in the
      cat.
AB  - The postnatal development of thalamocortical projections from the pulvinar to an
      association cortex of the cat, the crown of the middle suprasylvian gyrus, was
      studied by using both HRP and evoked field potentials. From birth onward, the
      pulvinar sends dense fibres to this cortical area, but the cortical laminar
      distribution of the afferents was found to change markedly with aging. An
      orthograde HRP study showed that at birth and up to 2 weeks of age, the terminals
      are distributed mainly in layer I, whereas in adult cats and kittens older than 1
      month, the terminals are found largely in and around layer IV and only sparsely
      in layer I. After HRP injections exclusively into layer I of the crown, numerous
      thalamic neurones were retrogradely labelled in both the ventroanterior
      ventrolateral complex (VA-VL) and the pulvinar in 5-day-old kittens, but in the
      VA-VL alone in 2-month-old kittens. In agreement with these anatomical findings,
      stimulation of the pulvinar elicited a surface-negative, depth-positive potential
      in 1-week-old kittens, indicating the existence of a large current sink in layer
      I; however, it induced a surface-positive, depth-negative potential in 1-month
      old kittens, reflecting the presence of a strong current sink in the deep
      cortical layers.

PMID- 3691726
TI  - Neuronal representation of spectral and spatial stimulus aspects in foveal and
      parafoveal area 17 of the awake monkey.
AB  - We have recorded from 661 single neurons in the foveal and parafoveal region of
      area 17 of the awake trained macaque monkey. The functional properties of 538
      cells were investigated in detail, with flashed and moving stimuli of varying
      form and colour. Irrespective of their functional properties such determined,
      each neuron was also tested with a 2 X 2 degrees square of various luminance and
      colour. This was done in order to get an idea how such a simple stimulus is
      represented by the activities of neurons in area 17. Most of the neurons showed
      response preference for certain aspects of visual stimuli. We have distinguished
      the following functional groups: 1. Sustained spectrally selective neurons (21%).
      These cells respond with tonic discharges to light of their optimal wavelength,
      and their spectral selectivity corresponded to that of opponent parvocellular
      cells of the lateral geniculate body. 44% of these cells were excited selectively
      by long, 23% by middle and 33% by short wavelength light. When slowly moving the
      2 X 2 degrees square of their preferred wavelength across the receptive field,
      discharge rate remained elevated, as long as the stimulus covered the RF and with
      little contour enhancement. The majority of the sustained spectrally sensitive
      cells responded equally well or better to large than to small (1.0 degree)
      stimuli, 17.5% were less activated and few of them completely suppressed by
      larger stimuli. Such cells were poorly orientation sensitive. Only three cells
      with weak double opponency could be identified (2.7% of this group). 2. Broadband
      contour (18%) and 3. Panchromatic contour cells (41%). Most neurons of these two
      groups were strongly activated by spots (1 degree) centered on their RF. They
      showed a short phasic response to contrast borders and most of them responded to
      luminance contrasts, including contrast reversal and colour contrasts equated for
      luminance. The broadband contour cells showed a slight wavelength preference with
      only weak or without any opponent suppression, the panchromatic contour neurons
      did not show any wavelength selectivity. Most showed orientation or direction
      sensitivity, but very sharp orientation selectivity was less common in spectrally
      biassed than in panchromatic contour cells (see Fig. 11). They responded
      tonically to gratings of optimal orientation and therefore may play a role also
      for cortical representation of textures. 22% of a restricted sample of
      panchromatic contour cells (or 9% of all cells) were hypercomplex.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3691727
TI  - Branching neurons in the cervical spinal cord: a retrograde fluorescent double
      labeling study in the rat.
AB  - Branching neurons giving rise to ascending and descending collaterals were
      studied in the cervical spinal cord of the rat. After unilateral injection of two
      retrograde fluorescent tracers, i.e. DY.2HCl at T2 or more caudal levels and TB
      at C1 or more rostral levels, many DY-TB double-labeled neurons were found in C3
      to C8. These neurons were located bilaterally throughout the spinal grey matter,
      as well as in the lateral spinal nucleus (LSN). However, no double-labeled
      neurons could be detected in the laminae I and II on either side. The double
      labeled neurons must represent branching neurons giving rise to a collateral
      ascending to the rostral injection-site or above, and another collateral
      descending to the caudal injection-site or below. The descending collaterals were
      found to extend to various spinal levels, including the lumbosacral cord.
      However, most of them terminated at shorter distances from their parent cell
      bodies; thus 20% of the C3-C8 neurons projecting to C1 or above had a descending
      collateral reaching T2, 8% had a collateral reaching T9, and 3% a collateral
      reaching L2/L3. The ascending collaterals of the majority of the branching
      neurons passed into the most caudal part of the medulla oblongata, and about half
      of these collaterals reached the level of the rostral part of the inferior olive.
      In regard to the neurons located in the segments C5-C8, about 13% of those
      projecting to T2 or below distribute an ascending collateral restricted to C2-C4,
      while 29% of those had an ascending collateral to C1 or above.

PMID- 3691728
TI  - Subfornical organ and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus connections with
      median preoptic nucleus neurons: an electrophysiological study in the rat.
AB  - The role of pathways from the subfornical organ (SFO) to the hypothalamic
      paraventricular nucleus (PVN) through the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) in
      regulating the activity of putative vasopressin (VP)-secreting neurons in the PVN
      was examined in urethane-anesthetized male rats. The activity of the majority
      (79%) of SFO neurons antidromically identified as projecting to the MnPO was
      excited by microiontophoretically (MIPh) applied angiotensin II (ANG II) and the
      effect was blocked by MIPh-applied saralasin (Sar), an ANG II antagonist.
      Identified SFO neurons that were excited by MIPh-applied ANG II were also excited
      by intravenously administered ANG II. Electrical stimulation of the SFO produced
      orthodromic excitation (48%) or inhibition (24%) of the activity of MnPO neurons
      antidromically identified as projecting to the PVN. Identified MnPO neurons that
      were excited by SFO stimulation were also excited by MIPh-applied ANG II, while
      the remaining neurons were not affected. The excitatory responses to SFO
      stimulation and to MIPh-applied ANG II were both blocked by MIPh-applied Sar,
      whereas the inhibitory responses to SFO stimulation were not affected. ANG II
      injected into the region of the SFO produced either an excitation (55%) or no
      effect (45%) on the activity of identified MnPO neurons. Electrical stimulation
      of the MnPO produced orthodromic excitation (27%) or inhibition (23%) of the
      activity of putative VP-secreting PVN neurons. ANG II injected into the region of
      the MnPO produced either an excitation (31%) or no effect (69%) on the activity
      of putative VP-secreting PVN neurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3691729
TI  - The A1 noradrenergic region enhances the responsivity of hypothalamic
      paraventricular neurohypophyseal neurons to inputs from the subfornical organ in
      the rat.
AB  - The action of the A1 noradrenergic neurons of the ventrolateral medulla on the
      responsiveness of neurohypophyseal neurons in the rat hypothalamic
      paraventricular nucleus (PVN) to inputs from the subfornical organ (SFO) was
      examined in antidromically identified PVN neurons that respond to electrical
      stimulation of both the SFO and A1 region. In both putative vasopressin (VP)-and
      oxytocin (OXY)-secreting PVN neurons that were classified according to their
      spontaneous firing patterns and their responsivity to baroreceptor activation,
      prior stimulation of the A1 region did not affect the short latency brief
      duration excitatory response induced by SFO stimulation. Simultaneous stimulation
      of the A1 region significantly enhanced the long latency prolonged excitatory
      response induced by SFO stimulation and the enhancement was blocked by
      microiontophoretically applied phentolamine, and alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist,
      but not by timolol, a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist. Simultaneous stimulation of
      the A1 region also significantly enhanced the inhibitory response induced by SFO
      stimulation and the enhancement was blocked by microiontophoretically applied
      timolol, but not by phentolamine. These results suggest that the A1 region may
      act to enhance the partial excitatory (via an alpha-adrenoceptor mechanism) and
      inhibitory SFO inputs (via a beta-adrenoceptor mechanism) to the PVN
      neurohypophyseal neurons as a modulatory action.

PMID- 3691730
TI  - Reduced binocularity in the noradrenaline-infused striate cortex of acutely
      anesthetized and paralyzed, otherwise normal cats.
AB  - In anesthetized and paralyzed cats, the normal alignment of the visual axes is
      disturbed by paralysis of the eye muscles. Thus, the separation between paired
      receptive fields of binocular cells in visual cortex is increased (paralysis
      squint). This increased separation is normally tolerated by the majority of
      visuocortical cells, about 80% of them being binocularly driven (Hubel and Wiesel
      1962). It was shown previously that neuronal plasticity in visual cortex can be
      enhanced in both normal adult cats (Kasamatsu et al. 1979) and kittens
      (Kuppermann and Kasamatsu 1984) by intracortical microinfusion of noradrenaline
      (NA). In the present study we tested whether the usual range of disparity
      produced by the paralysis squint is sufficient to induce ocular dominance changes
      in visual cortex of adult cats when the neuronal plasticity is enhanced by NA. NA
      was continuously infused into visual cortex throughout the experiments. The
      period of the paralysis squint varied from experiment to experiment between 9 and
      47 h. We found: (1) These short periods were sufficient to produce a marked
      reduction in the proportion of binocular cells. (2) The proportion decreased
      linearly with increasing the duration of the squint period at a rate of 0.17 per
      10 h up to about 22 h. (3) At longer durations the average binocularity remained
      at about 0.30 and could not be further reduced in the present paradigm. (4) The
      binocularity seemed to decrease with increasing separation of paired receptive
      fields. (5) Binocularity increased again toward the normal value after optical
      correction of the squint. (6) The amount of increased binocularity was linearly
      correlated with the duration of the period after the squint correction. (7) The
      binocularity increased at a rate of 0.18 per 10 h, reaching the normal value in
      less than 30 h. We thus concluded that if visuocortical plasticity is maintained
      at a high level through the continuous infusion of NA it is possible to change
      the ocular dominance distribution in the mature visual cortex by manipulations of
      the alignment of the visual axes even in the acutely anesthetized and paralyzed
      condition.

PMID- 3691731
TI  - Local cortical lesions abolish lateral inhibition at direction selective cells in
      cat visual cortex.
AB  - Many cells in the cat visual cortex display a strong selectivity for the
      direction of motion of an optimally oriented stimulus. Postsynaptic inhibition
      has been suggested to generate this direction selectivity in simple cells, but
      the intracortical pathways involved have not been identified. While continuously
      recording from simple cells in layers 4 and 6, we have inactivated the
      superficial cortical layers in small regions 0.4-2.5 mm from the cortical column
      under study by using heat lesions, localized cooling or gamma-aminobutyric acid
      (GABA) microiontophoresis. When inactivation affected cortical regions
      retinotopically representing motion in the non-preferred direction towards the
      receptive field, the responses to movement in this direction increased, and the
      recorded cells lost direction selectivity due to loss of inhibition. Our results
      indicate that direction selectivity of simple cells involves asymmetric
      inhibition of predictable cortical topography.

PMID- 3691732
TI  - Comparisons between the use of true blue and diamidino yellow as retrograde
      fluorescent tracers.
AB  - The retrogradely transported fluorescent tracers True Blue and Diamidino Yellow
      were compared. They were found similar in the following respects: spread at
      injection sites; uptake from fibres of passage; fading of fluorescence and
      absence of retrograde transneuronal transport. Their fluorescence properties
      were, however, dissimilar and this, rather than differences in their sensitivity
      or efficiency, appears to account for their differences in respect of the
      intensities of fluorescence in such labelled neurones.

PMID- 3691734
TI  - The pattern of ocular dominance columns in flat-mounts of the cat visual cortex.
AB  - Ocular dominance (OD) columns in the cat visual cortex were visualized with
      autoradiography after intravitreal injection of (3H)proline. Extending previous
      studies, a flat-mount technique was applied that enabled the analysis of the
      distribution of label throughout extensive regions of the visual cortex without
      requiring reconstruction from serial sections. OD-columns were confined to layer
      IV and consisted of isolated patches and short bands. The latter were parallel to
      each other and regularly spaced, the main trajectory being orthogonal to the
      17/18 border. This pattern of the geniculo-cortical terminals was similar in the
      hemispheres ipsi- and contralateral to the injected eye. The mean periodicities
      of the OD-bands were virtually identical in the two hemispheres of the same
      animal: 850 microns and 830 microns in cat D1 and 770 microns and 800 microns in
      cat D2. However, the ipsilateral OD-columns appeared smaller, more heavily
      labeled and more sharply delineated than the contralateral columns.

PMID- 3691733
TI  - Proprioceptive input resets central locomotor rhythm in the spinal cat.
AB  - The reflex regulation of stepping is an important factor in adapting the step
      cycle to changes in the environment. The present experiments have examined the
      influence of muscle proprioceptors on centrally generated rhythmic locomotor
      activity in decerebrate unanesthetized cats with a spinal transection at Th12.
      Fictive locomotion, recorded as alternating activity in hindlimb flexor and
      extensor nerves, was induced by administration of nialamide (a monoamine oxidase
      inhibitor) and L-DOPA. Brief electrical stimulation of group I afferents from
      knee and ankle extensors were effective in resetting fictive locomotion in a
      coordinated fashion. An extensor group I volley delivered during a flexor burst
      would abruptly terminate the flexor activity and initiate an extensor burst. The
      same stimulus given during an extensor burst prolonged the extensor activity
      while delaying the appearance of the following flexor burst. Intracellular
      recordings from motoneurones revealed that these actions were mediated at
      premotoneuronal levels resulting from a distribution of inhibition to centres
      generating flexor bursts and excitation of centres generating extensor bursts.
      These results indicate that extensor group I afferents have access to central
      rhythm generators and suggest that this may be of importance in the reflex
      regulation of stepping. Experiments utilizing natural stimulation of muscle
      receptors demonstrate that the group I input to the rhythm generators arises
      mainly from Golgi tendon organ Ib afferents. Thus an increased load of limb
      extensors during the stance phase would enhance and prolong extensor activity
      while simultaneously delaying the transition to the swing phase of the step
      cycle.

PMID- 3691735
TI  - Mechanical parameters determined in dispersed ventricular heart cells.
AB  - A high-resolution laser diffraction system suitable for studying the basic
      mechanical properties of small contractile single cells has been developed. This
      method was used to establish the mechanical behavior of 95 ventricular cells
      isolated from adult guinea pig hearts. During contraction, the sarcomere length
      shortened from 1828 +/- 43 nm (mean +/- SD) to 1518 +/- 99 nm. The maximal
      velocities were 1.98 +/- 0.64 micron/s for shortening and 1.93 +/- 0.54 micron/s
      for re-lengthening. The twitch duration from 20% shortening to 80% re-lengthening
      was 622 +/- 120 ms.

PMID- 3691736
TI  - Tracts of putative ultraviolet receptors in the retina of the two-year-old brown
      trout (Salmo trutta) and the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).
AB  - We previously showed that the brown trout possesses UV-sensitive cones in its
      retina that are lost in 2-year-old fish. However, present investigations reveal
      that in the narrow growth zone along the periphery and the ventral embryonic
      fissure, the formation of these cones continues in trout and salmon.

PMID- 3691737
TI  - Phase-dependent shift of free-running human circadian rhythms in response to a
      single bright light pulse.
AB  - Responsiveness of free-running human circadian rhythms to a single pulse of
      bright light was examined in a temporal isolation unit. Bright light (5000 lx) of
      either 3 or 6 h duration, applied during the early subjective day, produced phase
      advance shifts in both the sleep-wake cycle and the rhythm of rectal temperature;
      the light pulse had essentially no effect on the phase of the circadian rhythms,
      when it was introduced during the late subjective day or the early subjective
      night. The results indicate that bright light can reset the human circadian
      pacemaker.

PMID- 3691738
TI  - Age-related disappearance of Mayer-like heart rate waves.
AB  - Healthy elderly subjects (greater than or equal to 65 years) did not show the
      prominent low frequency (0.07-0.09 Hz) heart rate oscillations (Mayer waves)
      recorded in young adults immediately following passive upright tilt. This
      difference may be related to altered autonomic function with physiologic aging.

PMID- 3691739
TI  - Arylsulfatase B synthesis and clearance in inbred mouse strains.
AB  - Arylsulfatase B activity levels were approximately 2-3-fold higher in adult
      C57BL/6J liver and kidney compared to corresponding tissues from A/J inbred mice.
      In vivo incorporation of tritiated leucine into C57BL/6J hepatic arylsulfatase B
      reached a maximum approximately 15 h after injection. The label was cleared from
      C57BL/6J arylsulfatase B with an apparent half-life of 36 h. The relative rates
      of synthesis of C57BL/6J and A/J arylsulfatase B were similar; however, the A/J
      enzyme was cleared more rapidly from liver tissue. C57BL/6J kidney arylsulfatase
      B appeared to be synthesized at a 2-3-fold higher rate than the corresponding A/J
      enzyme. These trends suggest genetic regulation of arylsulfatase B is effected
      through different means in liver and kidney from adult mice of these two inbred
      strains.

PMID- 3691740
TI  - Synthesis of three NH2-terminally extended arginine-vasopressins with prolonged
      biological activities.
AB  - The synthesis of three novel AVP-analogues, extended by 1-3 amino acids at their
      NH2-2-termini in accordance with the sequence of the bovine arginine-vasopressin
      neurophysin II precursor, is reported. The compounds were assayed for their
      antidiuretic and vasopressor activities with particular attention to the duration
      of the effects. All compounds showed high potency, based on the intensity, and
      prolonged effects in both test systems compared with AVP.

PMID- 3691741
TI  - The responsiveness to (1-24) ACTH of Mongolian gerbil adrenals superfused in
      vitro as a function of basal secretion.
AB  - Wide variations have been found in the responsiveness to (1-24)ACTH of Mongolian
      gerbil adrenal glands superfused in vitro. These variations were not correlated
      to corticosteroid plasma levels or to adrenal weights. In contrast, (1-24)ACTH
      stimulated secretion greatly depended on basal in vitro secretion (quarters: r =
      0.97, p less than 0.01; slices: r = 0.90, p less than 0.001) indicating that the
      fine adjustment of basal corticosteroidogenesis forms an important part of the
      regulatory mechanisms modulating (1-24)ACTH-stimulated corticosteroid secretion
      in vitro.

PMID- 3691742
TI  - 4-Proline and 4-hydroxyproline analogs of arginine vasopressin: role of the
      proline substitution in the two beta-turns of vasopressin.
AB  - [4-L-Proline]arginine vasopressin, [4-D-proline]arginine vasopressin, [4
      hydroxyproline]arginine vasopressin and [4-proline, 7-hydroxyproline] arginine
      vasopressin were synthesized and found to have antidiuretic activities of 91 +/-
      4, 1.7 +/- 0.2, 1.0 +/- 0.1 and 4.4 +/- 1.0 units/mg, respectively. None of these
      analogs exhibited a significant level of rat pressor activity. The observed
      activities of these and other analogs with substitutions at position 4 and/or 7
      are discussed on the basis of hypotheses and data bearing on the solution
      conformation of vasopressins.

PMID- 3691743
TI  - Effect of oridonin, a Rabdosia diterpenoid, on radiosensitization with
      misonidazole.
AB  - The radiosensitization brought about by oridonin, one of the Rabdosia
      diterpenoids, alone or in combination with misonidazole, was investigated in
      Chinese hamster V79 cells. The enhancement ratio of 1.92 was obtained when 0.01
      mM oridonin and 1 mM misonidazole were administered to hypoxic cells under
      radiation. The enhancement ratios of oridonin and misonidazole for hypoxic cells
      were 1.16 and 1.59 respectively. Hence, a supra-additive effect was obtained by
      the combined treatment with these two drugs. Under aerobic conditions, no effect
      of 0.01 mM oridonin on the radiosensitization caused by misonidazole was
      observed.

PMID- 3691744
TI  - Puff activity after heat shock in two species of the Drosophila obscura group.
AB  - When individuals of Drosophila guanche are submitted to heat shock, five new
      puffs are induced. These puffs usually do not appear during normal development.
      Comparing these results with those obtained in Drosophila subobscura, also
      belonging to the obscura group, differences between the induced puffing pattern
      of both species have been found.

PMID- 3691745
TI  - Hospital acquired infections surveillance and control in intensive care services.
      Results of an incidence study.
AB  - Hospital acquired infections (HAI) continue to constitute a major health problem
      for hospital patients. Such a problem is particularly relevant in Intensive Care
      Wards. Here infections appear to be directly or indirectly related to the
      patients' death, and the patients, of course, represent a selected group of the
      most susceptible hosts in the whole hospital due to their immunosuppressed
      states, underlying diseases and the numerous and highly invasive diagnostic and
      therapeutic procedures to which they are submitted. This paper reports the
      results of a one-year surveillance incidence study carried out in four Intensive
      Care Wards at Padua Hospital by means of a daily visits to the wards and careful
      collection of the patients' data in a computerized sheet. Two-hundred-thirty-one
      of the 859 patients considered developed one or more HAI (HAI percentage 26.9%)
      for a total of 382 HAIs (Infections ratio 44.5%). Nosocomial pneumonias were the
      most frequent infections detected, whereas urinary tract infections, bacteremias
      and wound infections were less common in such patients. The study also confirmed
      the importance of invasive procedures and surgical operations in the
      predisposition to HAIs. In particular, the importance of the urinary catheter and
      of tracheal intubation was outlined. In addition, HAI appeared to be related to
      the duration of hospitalization and to the severity of the patients' illness.
      HAIs (especially nosocomial pneumonias) were also closely related to the
      patients' death. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, S. aureus, Acinetobacter and
      Streptococcus D were the most frequently isolated agents in the infected
      patients. Gram-negative agents accounted for 57% of all agents isolated and were
      particularly frequent in both pneumonias and urinary tract infections.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3691746
TI  - Bladder cancer and the consumption of alcoholic beverages in Spain.
AB  - The relationship between bladder cancer and alcohol consumption was investigated
      in a case-control study conducted in 506 patients (453 males and 53 females) with
      diagnoses of papillary urothelial carcinoma during 1978-1982 at "La Paz" hospital
      (Madrid), and an equal number of controls matched for age, sex and date of
      admission to the hospital. The results showed that the risk of bladder cancer
      does not increase with the intake of beer, wine and spirit beverages. However, a
      high risk of bladder cancer was associated with consumption of wine mixed with
      "gaseosa" (a refreshment beverage consisting of carbonated water plus artificial
      sweeteners).

PMID- 3691747
TI  - Year of birth, sex and residence, as "determinants" of tetanus incidence and
      immunity in Italy.
AB  - Regional results of a seroepidemiological study and official notification data
      are evaluated to describe the situation of tetanus in Italy. Tetanus incidence
      has been decreasing during the past years. Vaccination has been the principal
      means of tetanus prevention. Trend analyses for sex- and age-specific rates
      suggest a change of exposure, presumably linked to the transformation of the
      Italian society after the World War II, a higher incidence among the elderly as a
      function of poor coverage and vanishing immunity. Regional data show remarkable
      variability in prevalence of susceptible population. Reported rates by region are
      different. Different degrees of regional underreporting in case notification is
      suggested.

PMID- 3691748
TI  - Delta infection in eastern Sicily.
AB  - Sera from 619 HBsAg+ subjects living in eastern Sicily, consecutively collected
      from 1975-1985, were tested for markers of delta virus (HDV) infection: delta
      antigen (HDAg), antibodies to delta (anti-HDIg), and also for antibodies to
      HBcore of IgM type (anti-HBcIgM) and for the system HBe-anti-HBe. The subjects
      included 210 asymptomatic carriers, 238 patients with acute hepatitis and 171
      patients with chronic liver disease. HDAg was not found in any of the samples.
      Anti-HD was found in 28/171 (16.3%) patients with chronic liver disease, in
      13/210 (6%) asymptomatic HBsAg carriers and in 13/238 (5.4%) patients with acute
      hepatitis. None of our patients were drug addicts. One had a history of blood
      transfusion, and nine came from the same family unit. The prevalence of HDV
      infection in eastern Sicily is lower than in other areas of Sicily possibly
      because of the lower percentage of HBsAg carriers in the local population.
      Parenteral transmission of HDV does not seem to play a major role in our area,
      while the familial clustering suggests close body contact as an important way of
      spread.

PMID- 3691749
TI  - A one year survey of meningococcal disease in Italy.
AB  - For the last ten years, meningococcal disease has been endemic in Italy with an
      annual average of 900 cases (rate of 1.6/100,000). The age specific attack rate
      has been highest for children under one year of age, and the majority of cases
      have been due to serogroup B. During 1985, the epidemiology of meningococcal
      disease changed substantially: twice as many cases were observed in males as in
      females. There was a shift toward older age groups, with the highest number of
      cases occurring in the 15-24 year old age group (25%). The frequency in army
      recruits was 17.3/100,000, as opposed to 1/100,000 for the general population.
      Serogroup C caused the majority of cases (75.8% of the isolates). The proportion
      of strains resistant to sulfonamides was 71.1%, while only one strain was
      resistant to rifampin and none to minocycline. Seven secondary cases occurred
      (2%): in five, chemoprophylaxis was inappropriate (sulfonamide), and in two, no
      drug was given. A single co-primary case was seen. We conclude that in Italy, the
      use of sulfa drugs as chemoprophylactic agents is not warranted at present,
      compulsory vaccination of army recruits with bivalent vaccine (A + C) is
      advisable, and the shift in age distribution of cases and the high predominance
      of serogroup C increases the need for careful surveys.

PMID- 3691750
TI  - Familial cases of boutonneuse fever.
AB  - Pairs of cases of Boutonneuse Fever (BF) occurred in three families. The illness
      appeared almost simultaneously in both members of each family, but was generally
      more serious in one as judged by clinical and laboratory parameters. The
      possibility of a "bed rickettsiosis", that is reactivation of rickettsiae by the
      blood meal obtained from the first individual by the same tick which fed upon the
      second individual, could be excluded in two of the three pairs of cases. In only
      one of the case pairs were the individuals sharing the same bed. The differences
      in severity of symptoms may be related to the different immunological pattern
      observed in these patients. Previous rickettsial infection may have provided
      partial immune protection, as is repeatedly reported in the literature. In one
      couple, the more seriously ill patient had antibodies of the IgM class,
      suggesting that this was his first exposure to Rickettsia conorii. The less
      severely ill patient had antibodies of the IgG class only, presumably as the
      result of re-exposure after previous asymptomatic infection with spotted-fever
      group rickettsia.

PMID- 3691751
TI  - Congenital malformations in 100,000 consecutive births in Emilia Romagna region,
      northern Italy: comparison with the EUROCAT data.
AB  - A population based Congenital Malformations Registry has been established in the
      Emilia Romagna region of northern Italy. From the 1st of January 1978 to the end
      of 1984, 103,484 births were monitored, and 1914 babies with one or more
      congenital abnormalities were registered producing a rate of 1.85 per cent. The
      total number of malformations registered was 2,412 (2.3%). The rates of selected
      groups of malformations (isolated and in association with other defects) are
      presented and compared with rates derived from the EUROCAT study.

PMID- 3691752
TI  - Cryptosporidiosis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a case report.
AB  - A case of cryptosporidiosis in a male homosexual man with AIDS is reported. The
      clinical manifestations were anorexia, mild fever, abdominal pain and profuse
      watery diarrhea. The diagnosis was made in fecal smears by using a modified Ziehl
      Neelsen method and a safranin-methylene blue staining technique.

PMID- 3691753
TI  - Attempt of Yersinia enterocolitica isolation from human feces in Senegal.
AB  - One-hundred-eight stool samples, collected in a fishing village of Senegal from
      72 apparently healthy subjects and from 36 patients with gastrointestinal
      disorders, were examined for the presence of Y. enterocolitica. After 1, 2, 3
      weeks of cold enrichment with PBS 1/15M, pH 7.6, plating was performed on
      MacConkey Agar after use of the alkali method. No Yersinia strains were isolated.

PMID- 3691754
TI  - Sudden infant death syndrome: a possible role for endotoxin milk contamination?

PMID- 3691755
TI  - Cytogenetic and immunologic characterization of mitotic cells in chronic
      lymphocytic leukaemia.
AB  - Lymphocytes from 14 patients with chronic B-cell leukaemia (B-CLL) and one with
      chronic T-cell leukaemia (T-CLL) were studied by the MAC (Morphology, Antibodies,
      Chromosomes) method, which allows simultaneous analysis of the morphology,
      immunologic phenotype and karyotype of the same mitotic cell. Use of the MAC
      method in present studies has yielded new information about the cytogenetics of
      CLL. Although most of the interphase cells from patients with B-CLL were positive
      for B-cell markers, many of the mitotic cells turned out to be T cells,
      supporting the notion that the cells studied by conventional chromosome analysis
      are often non-neoplastic T cells. In some B-CLL cases with normal karyotype in
      the conventional chromosome study, however, most of the mitotic cells were B
      cells, indicating that neoplastic B cells may also have a normal karyotype. The
      patient with T-CLL had normal karyotype even though most of the mitoses were T
      cells. The chromosome abnormalities found were restricted to cells with light
      chain clonality. Our results show that clonal chromosome abnormalities do occur
      in neoplastic B cells of patients with B-CLL.

PMID- 3691756
TI  - Variation in iron accumulation, transferrin membrane binding and DNA synthesis in
      the K-562 and U-937 cell lines induced by chelators and their iron complexes.
AB  - Eight chelators - 8-hydroxyquinoline, 1-hydroxypyridine-2-thione (omadine),
      tropolone, pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone, 2-methyl-3-hydroxypyr-4-one
      (maltol), 1-methyl-3-hydroxypyrid-2-one, 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one and
      mimosine--and their iron complexes were tested on cells of the established human
      tumour cell lines K-562 (erythroleukaemic) and U-937 (monoblastoid) for their
      effects on a) cellular accumulation of iron provided by transferrin (Tf) via
      receptor-mediated endocytosis, b) specific cell surface binding of Tf, c) cell
      viability and, d) DNA synthesis. The lipophilic chelators suppressed the
      accumulation of Tf-supplied iron in the K-562 cells and less so in the U-937
      cells, whereas the effects of the other chelators were closer to control range.
      The lipophilic chelators pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone, tropolone, 8
      hydroxyquinoline and omadine were found to be cytotoxic in this order, with the U
      937 being generally more sensitive than K-562. The presence of iron diminished
      the toxicity. The DNA synthesis was also affected, from a partial suppression in
      K-562 to a slight increase in U-937 in the presence of pyridoxal isonicotinoyl
      hydrazone and to strong suppression with 8-hydroxyquinoline and omadine. Addition
      of iron partially reversed the inhibition. The other chelators had low cytotoxic
      effects that disappeared upon iron saturation. Maltol, particularly in the
      absence of iron, 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one and 1-methyl-3-hydroxypyrid-2
      one supported DNA synthesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3691757
TI  - Specificity of haematological indicators for '5q- syndrome' in patients with
      myelodysplastic syndromes.
AB  - 83 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes were analyzed for the presence of
      three haematological features: (1) macrocytic anaemia, (2) normal or high
      platelet count and (3) megakaryocytic hypolobulation in most megakaryocytes. In
      10 of the 83 patients, a 5q- chromosome was the only clonal aberration; 31
      patients had other chromosomal aberrations (including 6 patients with 5q-
      chromosome and other abnormalities in the same clone) and 42 patients had a
      normal karyotype in their bone marrow cells. 9 patients displayed all three
      haematological features investigated. In 8 of these patients the 5q- chromosome
      was the only clonal aberration. The 9th patient had a karyotype of 47,XX, + 8.
      None of the 6 patients with 5q- chromosome and additional abnormalities in the
      same clone fulfilled all criteria. The '5q- syndrome', a situation with the 5q-
      chromosome as a sole aberration, should be accepted as a diagnostic entity within
      the macrocytic anaemias. This syndrome can be suspected on the basis of the above
      haematological indicators and the diagnosis confirmed with bone marrow karyotype
      analysis.

PMID- 3691758
TI  - Hodgkin's disease, clinical stages IA to IIIB: combined modality therapy (3 MOPP
      followed by curative and prophylactic radiotherapy including the spleen). Six
      year results.
AB  - From January 1980 to September 1985, 82 patients with IA to IIIB clinical stage
      (CS) Hodgkin's disease were treated by three MOPP chemotherapy (CT) cycles
      followed by extended field radiotherapy (RT) including the spleen (30-40 Gy). 2
      patients died during the treatment (medullary aplasia, pulmonary edema). 6 were
      in failure after three MOPP cycles; they received other CT; 3 died and 3 are
      alive in remission (survival: 2.5 to 3.5 yr). 74 were in complete remission (CR)
      after completion of treatment. 4 patients relapsed (all alive after re-treatment)
      and 4 died in first CR (tuberculosis, hepatitis, myeloma, unknown cause). At 6
      yr, actuarial survival and relapse-free survival are respectively 89.8% for the
      82 patients and 93% for those in CR. These good results are due to: the
      administration of CT before RT, limited to three cycles; identification of
      failures after CT; inclusion of the spleen in RT ports in all cases; and a short
      lumbo-aortic port in CS I and II.

PMID- 3691759
TI  - Weekly low-dose cyclophosphamide and alternate-day prednisone: an effective low
      toxicity regimen for advanced myeloma.
AB  - 10 of 20 patients with advanced myeloma treated with a simple regimen consisting
      of weekly low-dose cyclophosphamide (C; 150-300 mg/m2; maximum weekly dose = 500
      mg) given intravenously or orally, and alternate-day oral prednisone (P; 50-100
      mg) responded clinically and with a fall in serum M protein greater than 50% or
      urine M protein greater than 90%. 3 of these responders were previous primary
      treatment failures, all having received cyclophosphamide in combination with
      other drugs given at 3- to 4-wk intervals. 2 patients treated with this regimen
      as primary therapy also responded. Although the median survival for the 10
      responders was reached at 24.5 months, 3 patients remain alive and well 50+
      months from the start of CP therapy. An additional 5 patients had disease
      stabilization or major improvement in bone pain and/or pancytopenia for over 12
      months despite failure to meet strict criteria for response. The data suggest
      that disease control may be achieved by the more frequent scheduling of known
      active drugs such as cyclophosphamide (although it alone or in combination with
      other drugs may be ineffective when given at standard 3- to 4-wk intervals) in
      combination with prednisone or a more continuous basis. This is an effective yet
      simple therapeutic approach to myeloma with the distinct advantage of less
      toxicity than the multiple drug regimens in current use. It may have particular
      applicability to patients who are elderly or debilitated or in patients in whom
      cytopenia is present initially or develops on standard melphalan/prednisone
      regimens.

PMID- 3691760
TI  - Interferon alpha-2 for hairy cell leukemia: evidence for induction of RNA
      synthesis in hairy cells and failure to correlate enhancement of natural killer
      cells with elimination of hairy cells.
AB  - The effect of human recombinant interferon alpha 2 (IFN alpha 2) on hairy cells
      obtained from 16 patients was evaluated. All patients promptly responded to
      induction of remission with 2 X 10(6) U/m2 interferon alpha 2 b, three times a
      week, sc. In order to achieve a more detailed insight into the mode of action of
      interferon in this disease, we determined the influence of IFN alpha 2 on the
      incorporation of radiolabeled thymidine and uridine into hairy cells. While both
      3H-thymidine and 3H-uridine incorporation were unaffected by IFN alpha 2 in a 3
      hour incubation period, a significant increase in uridine incorporation into
      hairy cells, but not CLL cells, was observed after 24 h. Cell surface marker
      analysis performed with monoclonal antibodies did not reveal a quantitative
      alteration of the immunophenotype of hairy cells in vitro. In addition, natural
      killer cells, assessed by monoclonal antibodies and a cytotoxicity assay against
      K 562 cells, were found to be decreased in 9 out of 10 patients prior to therapy.
      Although IFN alpha 2 could stimulate natural killer cells in vivo, we did not
      find a consistent correlation between the activation of these cells and the
      response to therapy. We conclude, therefore, that NK cells play no major role in
      the regression of hairy cells. Furthermore, IFN alpha 2 does not alter antigenic
      determinants in vitro, but leads to an enhanced incorporation of 3H-uridine into
      hairy cells in vitro, thus indicating a possible role for the induction of RNA
      synthesis in vivo.

PMID- 3691761
TI  - Single-dose pharmacokinetics of factor IX evaluated by model-independent methods.
AB  - We studied the pharmacokinetic data of 13 subjects with hemophilia B treated with
      a single-dose of a Factor IX concentrate (Bebulin TIM2, N = 9; Preconativ, N =
      4). The decay curves of Factor IX were evaluated by model-independent methods and
      the following pharmacokinetic parameters (mean +/- SD) were estimated: clearance
      (ml/h/kg) = 4.99 +/- 2.01; mean residence time (h) = 22.9 +/- 10.6; volume of
      distribution (ml/kg) = 99.9 +/- 35.5. The in vivo recovery (59.8% +/- 16.9%) was
      found to be inversely correlated with the volume of distribution. No significant
      difference in the pharmacokinetic parameters was found between patients treated
      with Preconativ and those treated with Bebulin. A model-dependent compartmental
      evaluation of the 13 decay curves showed that the two-compartment model was
      better than the one-compartment model in 7 cases (53.8%), but the improvement of
      fit resulting from the two-compartment model was statistically significant in
      only 2 cases (15.4%).

PMID- 3691762
TI  - Urinary hydroxyproline excretion in the myelofibrosis-osteomyelosclerosis
      syndrome and related diseases.
AB  - The total urinary hydroxyproline excretion was assessed in 47 patients with
      chronic myeloproliferative disorders. Urinary hydroxyproline excretion was normal
      in 16 patients with idiopathic myelofibrosis and in 5 out of 6 patients with
      acute myelofibrosis. In patients with osteomyelosclerosis (n = 8) values for
      urinary hydroxyproline excretion were higher (median 202, range 54-652) than
      those in idiopathic myelofibrosis (median 139, range 84-216). This difference was
      not significant (p greater than 0.1). Elevated values for urinary hydroxyproline
      excretion were found in 10 patients (1 AMF patient, 3 OMS patients and 6 patients
      with CML in the accelerated phase of the disease). All but 1 of these patients
      had been treated, or were being treated, with cytotoxic agents at the time of
      investigation. These findings are compatible with impaired degradation of bone
      marrow collagen which, together with enhanced collagen synthesis from bone marrow
      fibroblasts, accounts for progressive accumulation of connective tissue in the
      bone marrow. This process appears to be influenced by cytotoxic treatment as
      reflected in increased urinary hydroxyproline excretion in those patients
      receiving cytotoxic agents.

PMID- 3691763
TI  - Hb Linkoping (beta 36 Pro----Thr): a new high oxygen affinity hemoglobin variant
      found in two families of Finnish origin.
AB  - Several members representing three generations of two families with
      erythrocytosis due to a newly described hemoglobinopathy (Hb Linkoping, beta 36
      Pro----Thr) were studied. All affected family members had a pronounced left-shift
      of the oxygen dissociation curve, indicating an increased oxygen affinity leading
      to compensatory erythrocytosis. The proband of each family was found by a simple
      method determining the oxygen pressure at half hemoglobin saturation (P50), which
      was used as a screening test evaluating patients with polycythemia. In both cases
      the hemoglobinopathy was missed by routine hemoglobin electrophoresis. The
      abnormal hemoglobin was confirmed by isoelectric focusing and the altered amino
      acid sequence was identified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid
      chromatography (HPLC). The importance of a correct diagnosis in patients with
      erythrocytosis due to high-affinity hemoglobin variants is discussed.

PMID- 3691764
TI  - A benign course of multicentric Castleman's disease with involvement of the
      spleen and bone marrow.
AB  - The multicentric variant of Castleman's disease (MCCD) is associated with a
      rapidly progressive and fatal course. The case described herein manifested unique
      clinical and histological features. Initial presentation as isolated splenomegaly
      was subsequently followed by widespread organ involvement, including lymph nodes
      and bone marrow. In spite of this, the patient had a very benign course of her
      disease. The case serves to expand even further the already wide clinical
      spectrum of Castleman's disease.

PMID- 3691765
TI  - Delayed prenatal care and place of first visit: differences by health insurance
      and education.

PMID- 3691766
TI  - Taking family planning out of Title X: the impact of the proposed new
      regulations.

PMID- 3691767
TI  - U.S. differentials in infant mortality: why do they persist?

PMID- 3691768
TI  - The reflecting team: dialogue and meta-dialogue in clinical work.
AB  - A "stuck" system, that is, a family with a problem, needs new ideas in order to
      broaden its perspectives and its contextual premises. In this approach, a team
      behind a one-way screen watches and listens to an interviewer's conversation with
      the family members. The interviewer, with the permission of the family, then asks
      the team members about their perceptions of what went on in the interview. The
      family and the interviewer watch and listen to the team discussion. The
      interviewer then asks the family to comment on what they have heard. This may
      happen once or several times during an interview. In this article, we will first
      describe the way we interview the family because the interview is the source from
      which the reflections flow. We will then describe and exemplify the reflecting
      team's manner of working and give some guidelines because the process of
      observation has a tendency to magnify every utterance. Two case examples will be
      used as illustrations.

PMID- 3691769
TI  - Toward a generative theory of the therapeutic field.
AB  - In the various models of family therapy, family systems are described as being
      patterned and programmed in their operations and development. The regularities
      and patterns found in family life are believed to be the expression of a program
      that determines the behavior of the family system and each of its members.
      Therapists holding this view will use "programming methods" in order to map
      family phenomena, and therapeutic work will consist of disrupting the problematic
      sequences in a deterministic way. However, if we take into consideration the
      impossibility of always linking inputs and outputs and the inability to evaluate
      consistently the behaviors in a system, problems associated with indeterminancy
      appear. Under such conditions, it may be impossible for therapists to formulate
      programs of family functioning. Therefore, we have operationalized a set of
      methodological principles that can be applied in such conditions. In this article
      we present the theoretical and practical implications for the field of therapy of
      "nonprogramming methods." A videotaped session is analyzed in order to show the
      application of the nonprogramming methods in clinical practice.

PMID- 3691770
TI  - The Family Rorschach with families of schizophrenics: replication and extension.
AB  - Using a modified version of procedures outlined by Shapiro and Wild (9), this
      study evaluates the use of a Family Rorschach technique as a means of
      distinguishing families of schizophrenic patients from those of psychiatrically
      hospitalized, nonschizophrenic individuals. The patients were diagnosed using
      Research Diagnostic Criteria, and families were matched for age, intelligence,
      and socioeconomic characteristics. Results showed that the families with
      schizophrenic offspring scored significantly lower (that is, they had more
      communication and attentional difficulties) than those with nonschizophrenic
      offspring; offspring gender and family constellation had little effect on scores.
      Subsequent analyses indicated that lower scores were not simply a reflection of
      the psychoticism of the patient. These findings suggest that families of
      schizophrenics have interpersonal communication difficulties that compromise
      their ability to maintain a shared focus of attention. The findings are
      consistent with the suggestion that deviant patterns of family communication in
      interaction with genetic vulnerability in an offspring may result in the
      development of a schizophrenic disorder.

PMID- 3691771
TI  - [Statistical method for evaluating the catalytic effects of buffer solutions in
      the degradation of drugs].

PMID- 3691772
TI  - Effect of indomethacin, benoxaprofen and superoxide dismutase on serum sulfhydryl
      levels in adjuvant arthritis.

PMID- 3691774
TI  - [Mechanism of action of naphthoquinones and hydroxycoumarins on the mechano
      active properties of isolated coronary arteries].
AB  - The action of natural naphthoquinones and their antagonists oxicoumarins on
      mechanoactive properties of isolated coronary arteries was studied in experiments
      on male albino rats. Vitamin K deficiency (primary, secondary) was found to be
      accompanied with disturbances of mechanoactive properties of the heart vessels
      Naphthoquinones (vitamins K1 and K3) exerted a spasmolytic action on coronary
      vessels of intact animals and animals with vitamin K deficiency as well. These
      effects are supposed to be probably related to the redistribution of cations Ca2+
      and K+ in membranes.

PMID- 3691773
TI  - [Characteristics of the action of drugs metabolized in the liver in experimental
      splenectomy].

PMID- 3691775
TI  - [Effect of 5-hydroxymethyluracil and dimephosphon on the tubular secretion of
      xenobiotics in the kidney].
AB  - The effect of 5-hydroxymethyluracyl and dimephosphon on the tubular secretion of
      cardiotrast was studied on rats. The both drugs were shown to increase the
      tubular transport of xenobiotics.

PMID- 3691776
TI  - [Nature of the immunotropic activity of calcium antagonists].
AB  - It was shown in experiments on CBA mice that four-fold administration of calcium
      antagonists (verapamil, nifedipine) in doses of 5-10 mg/kg was accompanied by the
      development of the immunosuppressive effect. Reactions of hypersensitivity of
      delayed type were inhibited to the greatest degree. To a lesser degree calcium
      antagonists suppressed the humoral immune responses to the thymus-dependent
      antigen without exerting any action on the formation of antibodies to the thymus
      independent antigen.

PMID- 3691777
TI  - [Induction of the synthesis of noradrenaline antibodies in destruction of the
      hippocampus].
AB  - It was found that 2-3 weeks after a destructive damage of the rabbit hippocamp
      antibodies to noradrenaline appear in the blood. Their titers reach the maximum
      by the 6th-10th weeks and decrease by the 20th week.

PMID- 3691778
TI  - [Dynamic distribution of methandrostenolone in the body of white rats].
AB  - Dynamics of distribution of anabolic steroidal hormone methandrostenolone and
      routes of its elimination from the organism of Wistar rats were studied by using
      methods of radioisotopes and high-performance liquid chromatography.
      Methandrostenolone metabolites were shown to be excreted mainly in the urine.
      Methandrostenolone metabolism is a complicated process in the course of which
      redistribution of metabolites among various organs occurs. The anabolic effect of
      methandrostenolone is supposed to be due to the formation of its metabolites.

PMID- 3691779
TI  - [Soviet pharmacological science on the eve of the 70th anniversary of the Great
      October Socialist Revolution].

PMID- 3691780
TI  - [Body vitamin A allowance of rats as a factor affecting the metabolism and
      toxicity of xenobiotics].
AB  - In experiments on albino rats it was shown that vitamin A deficiency delays and
      its excess enhances biotransformation of aminopyrine and benzoic acid. Vitamin A
      excess exerted the protective effect in acute intoxication with bromobenzene,
      cyclophosphamide and dimethylnitrosamine.

PMID- 3691781
TI  - [Bemetil pharmacokinetics in an experiment on rats].
AB  - Pharmacokinetics of bemetil (2-ethyl-mercaptobenzimidazole), a representative of
      the group of actoprotectors, was studied at intravenous and intragastric
      administration during the experiment on rats by using gas-liquid chromatography.
      It was found that at intragastric administration the drug rapidly appeared in the
      systemic circulation, reached the maximal concentration in one hour; the
      character of bemetil elimination from the blood was biexponential at both routes
      of administration. The two-compartment model was used for calculation of the main
      pharmacokinetic constants and bioavailability. The analysis of the experimental
      findings on urinary excretion of bemetil made it possible to conclude that little
      amount of the drug (0.56%) is excreted in the urine in the unchanged form; most
      amount of bemetil is excreted in the form of metabolites and in the bound state.

PMID- 3691782
TI  - [Pharmacokinetic characteristics of the antibiotics comprising antimicrobial
      biocompatible conjunctive elements for the internal organs].
AB  - It was found during the study of pharmacokinetics of gentamycin and cephamesine
      being constituents of antimicrobial conjunctive elements for the internal organs
      that in the process of diffusion of the antibiotics from the polymer film
      gentamycin level in the organism increased by the 1st day of observation and
      cephamesine level by the 3rd day. Thereafter their concentrations decreased by
      the 7th and 10th days, respectively. The depot of the antibiotics is created at
      the site of the film application, and their highest concentrations occurring in
      the periods dangerous for the development of postoperative inflammatory
      complications exceed the minimal suppressive concentrations with regard to their
      main causative agents. It is advisable to use antimicrobial conjunctive elements
      with the given antibiotics for prevention of postoperative inflammatory
      complications following cesarean section.

PMID- 3691784
TI  - [Liver-protective action of silybinine in experimental CCl4 poisoning].

PMID- 3691785
TI  - [A package of applied programs for pharmacological and biochemical calculations].
AB  - Thirty-three programs from the "Manual of Pharmacologic Calculations" by R. J.
      Tallarida and R. B. Murray were adapted for the Soviet microcomputer "Elektronika
      D3-28" using the "BASIC D3-28, variant 3a" language. The original ideology was
      fully preserved despite the change of operators and syntactical expressions. In
      the modified form the package of programs may be used for the Soviet
      microcomputers "Elektronika-60", "Iskra-226", "DVK-2M".

PMID- 3691783
TI  - [Prevention of ischemic damage to the liver monooxygenase system with lidocaine
      and alpha-tocopherol].
AB  - In experiments on rats it was shown that the liver ischemia produces a decrease
      of the maximal rate of amidopyrine and aniline hydroxylation in microsomes on the
      3rd day of the postischemic period. A considerable depth of aniline metabolism
      inhibition following hepatic ischemia is related to reduced affinity of
      cytochrome P-450 to substrates of type II. On the 3rd and 14th days of the
      postischemic period the Michaelis constant and the constant of spectral
      dissociation for aniline significantly exceeded the given kinetic parameters in
      control animals. Administration of alpha-tocopherol in combination with lidocaine
      prevented a decrease of the rate of amidopyrine N-demethylation, the
      concentrations of cytochromes P-450, b5 and prevented a reduction of cytochrome P
      450 affinity to aniline.

PMID- 3691786
TI  - [Method of determining kidney tubular secretion with verografin in rats in
      chronic trials].
AB  - A simple method for evaluation of the renal tubular excretion in rats by
      verografin after a single intraperitoneal injection in combination with inulin is
      proposed.

PMID- 3691787
TI  - Determination of dissociation constants and relative efficacies of some
      muscarinic agonists at nicotinic receptors.
AB  - Dissociation constant and relative efficacy values of six cholinergic agents
      endowed with a high muscarinic activity (carbachol, methylfurtrethonium, cis-2
      methyl-4-trimetylammoniummethyl-1,3-dioxolane, cis-2-methyl-5
      trimethylammoniummethyl-1,3-oxathiolane, muscarone, oxotremorine) have been
      determined on the frog rectus abdominis nicotinic receptors. The results obtained
      point out that: a) the nicotinic receptor reserve of the frog rectus abdominis is
      very little if any, b) there are no appreciable variations in the relative
      efficacy values of all the compounds tested, c) it is instead possible to
      establish a rank order of affinity. The comparison of the affinity values towards
      nicotinic receptors, herewith reported, and those towards ileal muscarinic
      receptors, previously reported could be useful to shed some light on the
      differences between muscarinic and nicotinic receptors.

PMID- 3691788
TI  - Research on antibacterial and antifungal agents. III. Synthesis and antimicrobial
      activity of 2-methyl-5-aryl-3-furoic acids and 2-methyl-3-imidazolylmethyl-5-aryl
      furans.
AB  - The synthesis and microbiological activities of 2-methyl-5-aryl-3-furoic acids
      and 2-methyl-3-imidazolyl-methyl-5-aryl-3-furans are reported. Antimicrobial data
      in comparison with pyrrolnitrin showed an interesting antifungal activity but a
      very poor antibacterial activity. The presence of an imidazole nucleus does not
      increase antifungal activity. The introduction of a substituent in the para
      position of the aryl at a C5 of the furan ring affects antifungal activity.

PMID- 3691789
TI  - Potential antitumor agents. II. Lappin intramolecular cyclization of diethyl 3
      carbazolylaminomethylenemalonate: a structure assignment.
AB  - Diethyl 3-carbazolylaminomethylenemalonate undergoes Lappin cyclization giving 2
      carbethoxy-1-oxo-1,4-dihydro-7H-pyrido[2,3-c]carbazole. Formation of an angular
      pyridocarbazole derivative is consistent with the Markwald rule. The synthesis of
      4-ethyl derivatives of the above pyridocarbazole and its 8,9,10,11-tetrahydro
      derivative is also reported as a goal to potential indoloquinolone antitumoral
      agents.

PMID- 3691790
TI  - Phototoxicity from nalidixic acid: oxygen dependent photohemolysis.
AB  - Erythrocyte lysis photosensitized by nalidixic acid was investigated. This
      photohemolysis was found to be oxygen dependent. The effects of various
      antioxidants and hydroxyl radical scavengers on photohemolysis induced by
      nalidixic acid suggested a photo-oxidative step. In addition, using the oxygen
      quencher histidine and the deuterium oxide effect on the singlet oxygen lifetime
      we obtained evidence indicative of a photodynamic mechanism mediated by oxygen
      singlet and hydroxyl radicals. On the other hand, pre-irradiated nalidixic acid
      was not lytic to erythrocytes, yet photoproducts of nalidixic acid demonstrated a
      greater photohemolytic potential than nalidixic acid itself.

PMID- 3691791
TI  - Derivatives of 1,2,3,3-tetramethyl-2-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-5-trans-ol with
      antiarrhythmic and other activities. VIII.
AB  - The synthesis of some alkyl, aryl thioureas and aryl ureas starting from 5-trans
      (3-aminopropoxy)-1,2,3,3-tetramethyl-2-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane is described. Some
      thioureas showed a remarkable antiarrhythmic activity besides a weak hypotensive
      effect in rats and, like some ureas, infiltration anesthesia in mice.

PMID- 3691792
TI  - Haloperidol-succinylglycyl[125I]iodotyrosine, a novel iodinated ligand for
      dopamine D2 receptors.
AB  - A novel radioiodinated ligand of the butyrophenone type has been synthesized for
      the quantification and characterization of dopamine D2 receptors. This
      haloperidol-derived ligand, haloperidol-succinylglycyl[125I]iodotyrosine
      ([125I]HSGTI), binds rapidly (equilibrium is reached within 30 min, at 10 pM and
      37 degrees C) and with high affinity (Kd = 0.3 nM) to bovine striatal membranes.
      Its pharmacology, determined by competitive displacement with dopaminergic and
      non-dopaminergic drugs, is characteristic of binding to dopamine D2 receptors.

PMID- 3691793
TI  - Multiple effects of alpha-toxins on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.
AB  - Very low concentrations (5 nM) of alpha-toxin from the venom of Naja naja atra
      produced a characteristic fade in muscle compound action potential and tetanus
      induced by repetitive nerve stimulation which was identical to the effects of
      curare. High concentrations of alpha-toxin and all concentrations of alpha
      bungarotoxin reduced the response but produced very little fade in comparison to
      curare. These results suggest that alpha-toxins have more than one effect at the
      neuromuscular junction.

PMID- 3691794
TI  - On the role of microsomal aldehyde dehydrogenase in metabolism of aldehydic
      products of lipid peroxidation.
AB  - To elucidate a possible role of membrane-bound aldehyde dehydrogenase in the
      detoxication of aldehydic products of lipid peroxidation, the substrate
      specificity of the highly purified microsomal enzyme was investigated. The
      aldehyde dehydrogenase was active with different aliphatic aldehydes including 4
      hydroxyalkenals, but did not react with malonic dialdehyde. When Fe/ADP-ascorbate
      induced lipid peroxidation of arachidonic acid was carried out in an in vitro
      system, the formation of products which react with microsomal aldehyde
      dehydrogenase was observed parallel with malonic dialdehyde accumulation.

PMID- 3691795
TI  - Groove selectivity in the interaction of 9-aminoacridine-4-carboxamide antitumor
      agents with DNA.
AB  - Theoretical quantitative evaluation of the intercalative binding to DNA of the
      new antitumor drug 9-aminoacridine-4-carboxamide indicates that, in contradiction
      with a recently proposed model, the compound should show specificity for
      interaction with the major (and not minor) groove of GC sequences.

PMID- 3691796
TI  - Dithiols and monothiols are linked with GABA transport in membrane vesicles of
      rat brain synaptosomes.
AB  - The properties of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transport into membrane vesicles
      derived from synaptosomes of rat brain have been studied using membrane-permeable
      and -impermeable sulfhydryl reagents, dithiol-specific reagents and oxidizing
      reagents. GABA transport is inhibited, reversibly, by very low concentrations of
      the membrane-permeable trivalent arsenical, phenylarsine oxide. Preincubation
      with this reagent only partially protects GABA transport from inactivation by N
      ethylmaleimide (NEM). Thorin, a negatively charged trivalent arsenical, has no
      influence on GABA transport at concentrations 100-fold higher than that of the
      inhibitory phenylarsine oxide. The impermeant oxidizing agent, potassium
      ferricyanide, did not inhibit transport whereas the permeant reagent, diamide,
      was inhibitory. These data indicate that the GABA transporter possesses an
      activity-linked dithiol in a hydrophobic region of the carrier not accessible to
      charged, polar reagents. p-Chloromercuribenzenesulfonate (PCMBS) also inhibits
      but does not protect against NEM inactivation, suggesting the occurrence of an
      activity-linked monothiol in a polar region of the carrier.

PMID- 3691797
TI  - Binding of heparin or dermatan sulfate to thrombin is essential for the sulfated
      polysaccharide-accelerated inhibition of thrombin by heparin cofactor II.
AB  - Heparin cofactor II (HC II) and thrombin were chemically modified with pyridoxal
      5'-phosphate, and their effects on the inhibition of thrombin by HC II in the
      presence of heparin or dermatan sulfate were studied. The inhibition of thrombin
      by HC II was enhanced about 7000-fold in the presence of heparin or dermatan
      sulfate. However, this enhancement by heparin dwindled to 110- and 9.6-fold when
      the modified HC II and the modified thrombin, respectively, were substituted for
      native proteins. Essentially identical results were obtained from the experiments
      using dermatan sulfate. These results indicate that the binding of heparin or
      dermatan sulfate to both thrombin and HC II is required for the sulfated
      polysaccharide-dependent acceleration of the thrombin inhibition by HC II, and
      the binding to thrombin is more essential for the reaction.

PMID- 3691798
TI  - Nucleosomal repeat length in active and inactive genes.
AB  - Nucleosomal repeat lengths of total chromatin, H4 histone and beta-DR genes have
      been measured in logarithmically growing HeLa cells. We have detected significant
      differences in nucleosomal spacing between inactive chromatin and chromatin
      regions actively engaged in transcription. These differences are also maintained
      in metaphase chromosomes at times when transcription ceases although a shortening
      in nucleosomal repeat length is observed in active and inactive chromatin. These
      observations support a model where DNA-core histone interactions are temporarily
      altered to allow selective remodelling of chromatin organization.

PMID- 3691799
TI  - On the possible mechanism of recognition of DNA base sequence by steroid
      hormones.
AB  - Geometry of the complex of a steroid hormone, dexamethasone, with a
      hexanucleotide sequence from the glucocorticoid responsive element d(TGTTCT)2, is
      optimised here using computer aided geometry simulation with an energy
      minimization technique. We have also optimised its geometries with genetically
      modified and arbitrarily chosen DNA sequences. The drug molecule is considered to
      have both intercalative as well as non-intercalative binding. Comparison of
      energetics and stereochemical aspects, as well as the H-bonding scheme, is used
      here to bring out salient features about the mechanism of DNA sequence
      recognition by steroid hormones.

PMID- 3691800
TI  - The chymotrypsin-like activity of human prostate-specific antigen, gamma
      seminoprotein.
AB  - gamma-Seminoprotein (gamma-Sm) is a human prostate-specific antigen and a serine
      protease judging from the complete amino acid sequence which shows extensive
      homology with the kallikrein family. The enzymatic activity of gamma-Sm was
      defined as a chymotrypsin-like activity using reduced and S-3-(trimethylated
      amino)propylated lysozyme and insulin-oxidized A and B chains as substrates. The 
      Leu/Ser- peptide bond of lysozyme was rapidly hydrolyzed by gamma-Sm. gamma-Sm
      also hydrolyzed the -Phe/Glu- of lysozyme and the -Leu/Cys(SO3H)- of insulin B
      chain. Insulin A chain and arginyl- or lysyl-linkage of these proteins were not
      hydrolyzed by gamma-Sm at all.

PMID- 3691801
TI  - A 31P MAS NMR study of cytidine 2'-phosphate bound to ribonuclease A in the
      crystalline state.
AB  - 31P CP/MAS spectra have been obtained from 2'-CMP bound to ribonuclease A in the
      crystalline state. The chemical shift value is closely similar to that found in
      solution NMR studies under similar conditions, and corresponds to that of the
      dianionic state of the free compound. It is suggested that the NMR approach may
      be of general applicability for the comparison of the binding properties of small
      molecules to proteins in crystals and solution.

PMID- 3691802
TI  - Complete primary structure of the alpha 1-chain of human basement membrane (type
      IV) collagen.
AB  - We have determined the primary structure of the alpha 1(IV)-chain of human type
      IV collagen by nucleotide sequencing of overlapping cDNA clones that were
      isolated from a human placental cDNA library. The present data provide the
      sequence of 295 amino acids not previously determined. Altogether, the alpha
      1(IV)-chain contains 1642 amino acids and has a molecular mass of 157625 Da.
      There are 1413 residues in the collagenous domain and 229 amino acids in the
      carboxy-terminal globular domain. The human alpha 1(IV)-chain contains a total of
      21 interruptions in the collagenous Gly-X-Y repeat sequence. These interruptions
      vary in length between two and eleven residues. The alpha 1(IV)-chain contains
      four cysteine residues in the triple-helical domain, four cysteines in the 15
      residue long noncollagenous sequence at the amino-terminus and 12 cysteines in
      the carboxy-terminal NC-domain.

PMID- 3691803
TI  - The importance of the negative charge of beta-lactam compounds for the
      inactivation of the active-site serine DD-peptidase of Streptomyces R61.
AB  - The interaction between the Streptomyces R61 penicillin-sensitive DD-peptidase
      and deacetyl-cephalosporin C or its lactone derivative has been studied at
      different pH values. The results show the importance of an enzyme group of pK
      approximately equal to 9 which might form an ion pair with the free carboxylate
      of the former compound. This electrostatic interaction is shown to contribute to
      the formation of the first, non-covalent enzyme-inactivator complex by a factor
      of at least 50.

PMID- 3691804
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of the PR-1 gene of Nicotiana tabacum.
AB  - A gene encoding one of the pathogenesis-related proteins, PR1a, and two related
      pseudogenes were isolated from Nicotiana tabacum. The cloned PR1a gene (pPR
      gamma) and one of the pseudogenes (pPR-alpha) were sequenced and found to have
      similar structures. The sequence of pPR-gamma was quite similar to that of the
      cDNA clone of PR1a. The plasmid pPR-gamma did not contain an intron and had a
      typical promoter sequence in the 5'-flanking region.

PMID- 3691805
TI  - Determination of covalently bound myo-inositol in bovine erythrocyte
      acetylcholinesterase and porcine kidney alkaline phosphatase.
AB  - Bovine erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase and porcine kidney alkaline phosphatase
      were purified to a homogeneous state. By using gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry, we demonstrated the presence of covalently bound myo-inositol in
      these purified enzymes. The quantitative data suggest that one molecule of myo
      inositol is bound to each subunit of these enzyme proteins. The covalently bound
      inositol was removed from these enzyme molecules by deamination with nitrous
      acid, suggesting the possibility that myo-inositol is directly bound to amino
      sugar.

PMID- 3691806
TI  - Repression and reactivation of the variant surface glycoprotein gene in
      Trypanosoma brucei.
AB  - Rapid repression of variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) synthesis is an early
      event during the in vitro transformation of Trypanosoma brucei from coated
      bloodstream forms to uncoated procyclic cells. Repression occurs at the
      transcriptional level and is triggered by the combined action of two signals: a
      reduction in temperature from 37 to 27 degrees C and the addition of the citric
      acid cycle intermediates citrate and cis-aconitate. It is shown that synthesis of
      VSG mRNA can be reactivated up to 8 h after triggering differentiation by
      releasing either one or both of the signals. After 30 h repression is
      irreversible. The results suggest that transformation of bloodstream forms to
      procyclic cells proceeds through a reversible phase to an irreversible committed
      state. A reversible repression of VSG mRNA synthesis is also observed upon
      inhibition of protein synthesis in bloodstream forms at 37 degrees C.

PMID- 3691807
TI  - Acetylcholinesterase as polyelectrolyte in reaction with cationic substrates.
AB  - It is shown that the salt effect in acetylcholinesterase-catalyzed hydrolysis of
      2-(N-methylmorpholinium)-ethylacetate can be quantitatively described by the
      equation log(k2/KS) = log(k2/KS) degrees--psi log[M+Z] following from Manning's
      polyelectrolyte theory; the psi values for salts with univalent and bivalent
      cations at different pH values of the reaction medium were in accordance with the
      conclusions of the theory. Manning's polyelectrolyte theory seems to be a useful
      framework for studying salt effects in the reactions of charged substrates with
      enzymes as globular polyions.

PMID- 3691808
TI  - Maximum activities of some key enzymes of glycolysis, glutaminolysis, Krebs cycle
      and fatty acid utilization in bovine pulmonary endothelial cells.
AB  - Despite the importance of endothelial cells little is known about their metabolic
      fuel requirements. To provide some information in this area, the maximum
      catalytic activities of key enzymes of important metabolic pathways have been
      measured in bovine pulmonary endothelial cells. The results suggest that both
      glucose and glutamine are important fuels for these cells: in addition, the
      oxidation of fatty acids may also be of quantitative significance. The activity
      of glutaminase in these cells was about 20-fold higher than that in lymphocyte, a
      cell which exhibits high rates of glutaminolysis. It is suggested that a high
      rate of glutamine metabolism by endothelial cells is important not only for
      energy provision but also for provision of nitrogen for biosynthetic purposes
      including production of local messengers.

PMID- 3691809
TI  - Adenosine analogs with covalently attached lipids have enhanced potency at A1
      adenosine receptors.
AB  - Chemically functionalized congeners of N6-phenyladenosine and 1,3-dipropyl-8
      phenylxanthine have been covalently coupled to fatty acids, diglycerides, and a
      phospholipid. The lipid-drug conjugates inhibit R-[3H]-phenylisopropyladenosine
      binding to A1-adenosine receptors in rat cerebral cortex membranes. A xanthine
      phosphatidylethanolamine conjugate bound with a Ki value of 19 nM. Various
      xanthine esters of low potency are potential prodrugs. Amides of an adenosine
      amine congener (ADAC) with 18-carbon fatty acids exhibited Ki values at A1
      adenosine receptors of 70 pM, representing a 130-fold enhancement over the
      affinity of the corresponding acetyl amide. The very high affinity of adenosine
      lipid conjugates may be due to stabilization of these adducts in the phospholipid
      microenvironment of the receptor protein.

PMID- 3691810
TI  - The influence of the chain length of aldehydes on the fluorescence of
      chromolipids.
AB  - Incubation of phosphatidylethanolamine containing liposomes with malondialdehyde
      and other aldehydes with different chain lengths results in the fluorescence of
      chromolipids. Relative to malondialdehyde, the fluorescence was greatly enhanced
      with increasing chain length upon incubation of 2-alkenals with phospholipids.
      Similar results were found using the total lipid extracted from erythrocyte
      ghosts. It seems that the hydrophobic character of the aldehydes is important for
      the amount of fluorescence detected in lipid bilayers.

PMID- 3691811
TI  - Identification of three additional members of rat protein kinase C family: delta
      , epsilon- and zeta-subspecies.
AB  - Three types of cDNA clone of the protein kinase C family termed delta, epsilon
      and zeta were newly identified by molecular cloning and sequence analysis. These
      members have a common structure that is closely related to, but clearly different
      from the other four known members of the family which have alpha-, beta I-, beta
      II- and gamma-sequences, although the zeta-cDNA available at present does not
      contain a complete reading frame for a protein kinase C molecule. The diverse
      heterogeneity of the enzyme seems to be an important factor in determining the
      mode of response of many tissues and cell types to a variety of external stimuli.

PMID- 3691812
TI  - Photoaffinity labelling of melanoma cell MSH receptors.
AB  - UV-irradiation at 365 nm of cultured Cloudman S91 mouse melanoma cells in the
      presence of photoreactive alpha-MSH analogues induced longlasting receptor
      stimulation as revealed by the ensuring activation of tyrosinase. Receptor
      labelling was more efficient with 4-diazirinophenyl and 2-nitro-4-azidophenyl
      photolabels than with 4-azidophenyl, and was further increased when superpotent
      [Nle4,D-Phe7]-alpha-MSH was used as ligand. Incubation of B16 melanoma cell
      membranes with mono-iodinated [Nle4,D-Phe7,Trp-(Naps)9]-alpha-MSH followed by UV
      irradiation at 310-550 nm labelled a single band on SDS-PAGE with a molecular
      mass approximately or equal to 45 kDa. The displacement curve obtained in a
      competitive photolabelling experiment paralleled that of the binding assay,
      demonstrating that the labelling was specific.

PMID- 3691813
TI  - In the uncoupling protein from brown adipose tissue the C-terminus protrudes to
      the c-side of the membrane as shown by tryptic cleavage.
AB  - Limited proteolytic digestion of the uncoupling protein (UCP) with trypsin
      yielded a cleavage product only about 2 kDa smaller than the original UCP (33
      kDa). This cleavage can be obtained with the solubilized isolated protein
      detergent micelle as well as in original brown adipose mitochondria. The cleavage
      site is identified by C-terminal sequence to be located near the C-terminus at
      lysine 292. This C-terminus, a 10 residue long peptide, is strongly hydrophilic
      and can be expected to be localized outside the membrane. In UCP this C-terminal
      stretch represents a structural difference to the similarly folded ADP/ATP
      carrier which does not form a corresponding cleavage product. Comparison of
      tryptic cleavage of UCP in mitochondria with differently broken outer membrane,
      in sonic particles of mitochondria, as well as in UCP proteoliposomes, indicate
      that the C-terminus is directed versus the cytosolic site of the membrane.
      Because of the easy susceptibility to trypsin, the cleavage site must be surface
      exposed and the C-terminal section unusually mobile.

PMID- 3691814
TI  - Rapid characterization of mucin oligosaccharides from rat small intestine with
      gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
AB  - Mucin glycopeptides were isolated from rat small intestinal mucosa after
      reduction/alkylation, trypsin digestion and gel chromatography. The
      oligosaccharides were released by using alkaline-NaBH4, separated into neutral
      and acidic species and permethylated. The derivatized mixtures were analysed with
      fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
      using thin film columns. Permethylated neutral oligosaccharides with up to seven
      sugars could be chromatographed and detected with mass spectrometry. The complex
      mixture revealed was partly due to the linkage GalNAc being substituted at both
      position 3 and 6. The approach will be very useful when analysing small amounts
      of mucins and mucin fragments.

PMID- 3691815
TI  - Molecular cloning and sequencing of cDNA for rat cathepsin H. Homology in pro
      peptide regions of cysteine proteinases.
AB  - A cDNA for rat cathepsin H was isolated and sequenced. The deduced protein
      comprising 333 amino acid residues is composed of a typical signal sequence (21
      residues), a pro-peptide region (92 residues) and a mature enzyme region (220
      residues). The amino acid sequence in the pro-peptide region, in particular,
      residues Phe-(-41) to Ser-(-29) of cathepsin H, is highly homologous to the pro
      peptide regions of other cysteine proteinases. This homologous region may play a
      role in the processing of cysteine proteinases.

PMID- 3691816
TI  - A 63 kDa protein is secreted from BALB/c-3T3 cells entering the G1 phase from the
      G0 state.
AB  - A 63 kDa protein is detectable in the culture fluid of mouse BALB/c-3T3 cells
      traversing from the G0 state to the G1 phase, whereas it is undetectable in the
      culture fluid of quiescent or growing BALB/c-3T3 cells. Secretion of the protein
      is maximal at 10 h after serum addition. G0-specific ts mutant cells (rat tsJT60)
      also secrete the 63 kDa protein only when the quiescent cells are stimulated by
      serum addition at permissive temperature. These facts indicate that the 63 kDa
      protein is secreted only from cells traversing from the G0 state to the G1 phase.

PMID- 3691818
TI  - Evidence for a novel voltage-activated channel in the outer mitochondrial
      membrane.
AB  - Patch-clamp studies of the outer mitochondrial membrane indicate a voltage
      dependent increase in conductance for potentials positive relative to the
      exterior of the mitochondrion. The time course of the conductance changes is
      consistent with an activation of channels. Voltage pulse experiments suggest that
      the activation phenomenon corresponds to assembly of the channels from subunits
      with disassembly occurring after recovery of the original conductance. Effects of
      temperature and concanavalin A on the voltage-induced conductances are also
      consistent with a channel assembly model.

PMID- 3691817
TI  - Uncoupling effects of local anesthetics on rat liver mitochondria.
AB  - We demonstrate in this paper that bupivacaine, a local anesthetic, can act alone
      as an uncoupler of rat liver mitochondria. It stimulates state 4 respiration,
      induces a swelling in potassium acetate (in the presence of valinomycin), and
      collapses the transmembrane potential. Lidocaine, another local anesthetic,
      requires the presence of a lipophilic anion such as TPB- to produce the same
      effects. TPB- can also reinforce the action of bupivacaine. These differences in
      action of the two local anesthetics can be explained by the difference in the
      liposolubility.

PMID- 3691819
TI  - The DNase I generated disomal series is coherent to 16N. Implications for coiling
      models of chromatin structure.
AB  - The disomal series generated by the digestion of chromatin with DNase I has been
      followed to its highest orders using Klenow end-labelling and field-inversion gel
      electrophoresis to maximise the resolution of large DNA fragments. The series is
      coherent to the 16N level and as such is incompatible with the most structurally
      acceptable coiling models. We propose that this is evidence for the general
      unsuitability of coiling models and is support for the existence of simple 'back
      to-back' double-stranded structures within chromatin.

PMID- 3691820
TI  - The structure of procalcitonin of the salmon as deduced from its cDNA sequence.
AB  - Oligonucleotide probes based on the known amino acid sequence of salmon
      calcitonin were used to screen a cDNA library obtained from ultimobranchial
      glands of salmon for clones encoding salmon calcitonin. From the cDNA sequence of
      strongly hybridizing clones the complete primary structure of the calcitonin
      precursor could be deduced. Its overall structure is identical with the
      structures of procalcitonins from other vertebrates and has the highest homology
      with the chicken precursor.

PMID- 3691821
TI  - Pretreatment prognostic factors in colorectal cancer patients with synchronous
      liver metastases.
AB  - Potential pretreatment prognostic variables for patients presenting with liver
      metastases at the time of resection of primary colorectal cancers were evaluated
      in 42 consecutive patients resected over two years. Survival was bimodal with 12
      patients dead within 6 months of surgery and the remaining patients dead or alive
      at follow-up at 6 to 27 months (median 9 months). Preoperative peripheral
      lymphocytes (P = 0.0008), alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.0056), and serum glutamic
      oxaloacetic and pyruvic transaminases (SGOT, P = 0.0048, and SGPT, P = 0.0031)
      were significant prognostic factors. The transaminases were prognostic within the
      normal ranges for the hospital laboratory. Age, sex, hematocrit, platelet count,
      bilirubin, cholesterol, albumin, protein, creatinine, tumor differentiation,
      bowel penetration, nodal involvement, operative blood loss, transfusions and
      chemotherapy were not related to survival. These results indicate that normal
      liver function tests in patients with colorectal liver metastases have
      significant prognostic value. Immune function as reflected by lymphocyte count
      may also play a role in these patients' survivals.

PMID- 3691822
TI  - Synchronous and metachronous cancer of the stomach.
AB  - In the last 10 years 407 cancers of the stomach were observed at the 1st
      Department of Surgery of the University of Bologna. 248 were subjected to
      curative resection (59 were Early Gastric Cancers and 189 were Advanced Gastric
      Cancers). Among them 14 gastric cancers with multiple foci (synchronous cancers)
      and 7 cancers of the gastric stump (metachronous cancers) were found in the same
      period. Each lesion was histologically proved and a tract of normal mucosa was
      found between two cancers both macroscopically and microscopically. The frequency
      of primary multiple tumoural foci was higher for early Gastric Cancer (E.G.C.) in
      comparison with Advanced Gastric Cancer (A.G.C.), being 8.4% for the former and
      4.7% for the latter.

PMID- 3691823
TI  - Rapidly progressing breast cancer in Nigeria.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that the bleak prognosis of breast cancer in Nigeria may
      be due, in part, to a subset of patients with rapidly progressing type of breast
      cancer, a prospective study of 120 breast cancer patients was undertaken.
      Patients were staged by the UICC-TNM system and the PEV system. Eighty-one
      (67.5%) of the patients had non PEV while 39 (32.5%) had PEV breast cancer. Of
      the 24 patients in TNM stage IV, 21 had PEV. Also 17.5% of all breast cancer
      patient or 53.8% of PEV patients were in the PEV stage with the worst prognosis.
      Following similar treatment, the median survival of non PEV patients (14 months)
      was significantly greater than that of PEV patients (6 months). Overall median
      survival of the cancer patients was 9.5 months. It is concluded that the finding
      that fully one third of our breast cancer patients have rapidly progressing
      breast cancer contributes significantly to the poor prognosis of breast cancer in
      Nigeria.

PMID- 3691824
TI  - Adjuvant psychological therapy for patients with cancer.
AB  - Cancer-related psychosocial morbidity has been documented in a substantial
      minority of patients. In some patients, such morbidity persists for many years
      even when they are free of disease. Consequently, methods of reducing
      psychosocial morbidity by psychological treatment should be investigated. We
      describe Adjuvant Psychological Therapy (APT)--a brief treatment programme
      designed specifically for patients with cancer. APT is currently being evaluated
      in a randomized, controlled study at The Royal Marsden Hospital.

PMID- 3691825
TI  - [Mumps in children].

PMID- 3691826
TI  - [Stenocardia].

PMID- 3691827
TI  - [Chronic pneumonia in the middle-aged and elderly].

PMID- 3691828
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of the hemorrhagic syndrome].

PMID- 3691829
TI  - [Morbidity with temporary loss of work capacity among midwives].

PMID- 3691830
TI  - [Flatfoot].

PMID- 3691831
TI  - [Work of the x-ray laboratory assistant in a general-care office].

PMID- 3691832
TI  - [Prevention of mistakes during transport immobilization].

PMID- 3691833
TI  - [Dispensary care for women coming into contact with poisonous chemicals].

PMID- 3691834
TI  - [Joint work of a medical institute and medical schools].

PMID- 3691835
TI  - [Prevention and treatment of myopia].

PMID- 3691836
TI  - [Feed as a possible factor in infection transmission].

PMID- 3691837
TI  - [Status asthmaticus and the complications of the paroxysmal phase of bronchial
      asthma in children].

PMID- 3691838
TI  - [Clinical picture of circulatory failure].

PMID- 3691839
TI  - [Thrombosis of the mesenteric vessels].

PMID- 3691840
TI  - [Anaphylactic shock].

PMID- 3691841
TI  - [Clinical picture and intensive therapy of acute amitriptyline poisoning].

PMID- 3691842
TI  - [Household hygiene].

PMID- 3691843
TI  - [Acute poisonings by organophosphorus substances].

PMID- 3691844
TI  - [Health education work in kindergartens].

PMID- 3691845
TI  - [Expectorant agents].

PMID- 3691846
TI  - [Hypertoxic form of influenza].

PMID- 3691847
TI  - [Virilism syndrome].

PMID- 3691848
TI  - [Birth injuries to the brachial plexus in newborn infants].

PMID- 3691849
TI  - [Treatment and prevention of chronic circulatory failure].

PMID- 3691850
TI  - [Erythema multiforme exudativum].

PMID- 3691851
TI  - [Erysipelas].

PMID- 3691852
TI  - [Sciatic nerve injuries in children as a complication of intramuscular
      injections].

PMID- 3691853
TI  - [Acute paraproctitis].

PMID- 3691855
TI  - [Injuries of the chest].

PMID- 3691854
TI  - [Traumatology and orthopedics in the USSR].

PMID- 3691856
TI  - [Side effects of acetylsalicylic acid].

PMID- 3691857
TI  - [The propaganda tasks of the fight against smoking].

PMID- 3691858
TI  - [The harm of smoking (material for talks)].

PMID- 3691859
TI  - [Phantoms made of polyurethane foam in the teaching of obstetrics and
      gynecology].

PMID- 3691861
TI  - [Nephropathy and intrauterine fetal death].

PMID- 3691860
TI  - [Use of polyurethane foam in practical exercises in surgery].

PMID- 3691862
TI  - [Hemorrhage after artificial abortion].

PMID- 3691863
TI  - [Organizing and conducting rhythmic gymnastics with older persons].

PMID- 3691864
TI  - [Industrial hygiene of workers on milk production farm complexes].

PMID- 3691865
TI  - [Organization of the connections of catecholamine-containing neurons of the
      ventrolateral medulla oblongata with the solitary tract nucleus and upper
      thoracic segments of the spinal cord in the rat].

PMID- 3691866
TI  - [Free amino acid distribution between the cells and the extracellular medium of
      mammalian organs in different states of water-salt metabolism].

PMID- 3691868
TI  - [On the path illuminated by the Great October Revolution].

PMID- 3691867
TI  - [Possible participation of the brain M-cholinoreactive structures in realizing
      the programmed action of testosterone on the sexual development of female rats].

PMID- 3691869
TI  - [Problems in the development of research on the physiology and psychology of the
      work of human operators in the Ukrainian SSR].

PMID- 3691870
TI  - [The physiology of digestion and absorption in the Ukrainian SSR].

PMID- 3691871
TI  - [Functional and morphological research on the protective action of Neoton in
      immune heart damage].

PMID- 3691872
TI  - [Proper cortical and projected convergence of impulses of different modalities on
      the neurons of the parietal associative cortex in the cat brain].

PMID- 3691873
TI  - [Morphofunctional characteristics of the neurovascular interrelations of the
      peripheral nerves during their degeneration and regeneration].

PMID- 3691874
TI  - [Effect of antihypoxic agents on the contractile activity of the uterus and its
      metabolism].

PMID- 3691875
TI  - [Charter for action, concerning 'Health for All' by the year 2000 and beyond].

PMID- 3691877
TI  - [Nutritional safety and education for health].

PMID- 3691876
TI  - [The elderly and intensive care].

PMID- 3691878
TI  - [Current standards for general hospitals].

PMID- 3691879
TI  - [Current standards for obstetrics and neonatology services].

PMID- 3691880
TI  - [Experience in departmentalization at the Louise Michel d'Evry Hospital].

PMID- 3691881
TI  - Emergency evacuation: removal of the critically ill patient.

PMID- 3691882
TI  - Radionuclide imaging techniques in the diagnosis and treatment of coronary heart
      disease.

PMID- 3691883
TI  - Physiologic effects of back massage in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3691884
TI  - Management special interest group abstracts NTI management poster session.

PMID- 3691885
TI  - Acid-base derangements in the patient with cardiac arrest.

PMID- 3691886
TI  - Hematoma associated with subcutaneous heparin administration.

PMID- 3691887
TI  - The legal process in malpractice cases.

PMID- 3691888
TI  - Identification of patients at high risk for sudden cardiac death.

PMID- 3691889
TI  - Atrial flutter.

PMID- 3691890
TI  - Adolescence: informed or alienated?

PMID- 3691891
TI  - Concerns for nursing education.

PMID- 3691892
TI  - Teenage pregnancy: situation and strategies.

PMID- 3691893
TI  - Adolescent health screening by nurses.

PMID- 3691894
TI  - Testicular self-examination.

PMID- 3691896
TI  - Dose-rate dependence of chromosome aberrations in human peripheral blood
      lymphocytes irradiated in vitro.
AB  - Dose response relationships were studied in dicentric chromosomes in human
      peripheral blood lymphocytes exposed in vitro to 60Co gamma-rays in accumulated
      doses from 0.10 to 4.0 Gy at dose rates 1.0, 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001 Gy/min. The
      coefficients for the linear, quadratic and linear-quadratic relationships were
      calculated by the fitting method of least squares. It was found that the linear
      quadratic model y = aD + bD2 was most suitable for the dose rates used. The
      effect of dose rate was manifested in such a way that at accumulated dose of 2.0
      Gy the frequency of dicentric chromosomes was decreased by more than 50% if the
      dose was applied in 33 h than when it was given in 2, 20 or 200 min.

PMID- 3691895
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies against genetically manipulated hepatitis B core antigen.
AB  - Four different hybridoma clones secreting anti-HBcAg antibodies were constructed
      by fusing cells of the mouse myeloma line SP2/0 with lymphocytes from mice
      immunized with bacterially produced HBcAg. The monoclonal antibodies were
      immunologically characterized and used for HBcAg detection by ELISA. This
      monoclonal-antibody-based assay was compared with ELISA based on polyclonal human
      anti-HBcAg IgG for sensitivity and specificity. The monoclonal antibody reacted
      specifically both with the bacterially produced HBcAg and HBcAg isolated from
      human liver, but did not react with HBeAg. The human polyclonal antibody reacted
      with HBcAg, but also with HBeAg.

PMID- 3691897
TI  - Utilization of hydroxyurea for detection of DNA repair synthesis in liver
      following dimethylnitrosamine action by means of scintillation counting.
AB  - We detected DNA repair synthesis by employing hydroxyurea as an inhibitor of DNA
      semiconservative synthesis in various time schedules of experiments. We came to
      the conclusion that prolongation of the time interval between [3H]thymidine
      administration and sacrifice of the animals from 0.5 h to 7.5 h increases the
      sensitivity of examination. Some artifacts associated with detection of the
      repair (hydroxyurea-resistant) synthesis of DNA are discussed.

PMID- 3691899
TI  - Rapid rural appraisal: an improved means of information-gathering for rural
      development and nutrition projects.

PMID- 3691898
TI  - The impact of a small-scale agricultural intervention on socio-economic and
      health status.

PMID- 3691900
TI  - Renal abnormalities in women admitted with pyelonephritis.

PMID- 3691901
TI  - Late abscess formation after impalement injury.

PMID- 3691902
TI  - Plasma exchanges in cutaneous diseases--possibly useful but still experimental.

PMID- 3691903
TI  - Angioproliferative changes in clinically noninvolved, perilesional skin in AIDS
      associated Kaposi's sarcoma.
AB  - In clinically noninvolved skin from the area surrounding early macular lesions of
      AIDS-associated disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), morphological evidence of
      vascular proliferation was seen in the upper papillary dermis. Poorly
      differentiated cells with cytoplasmic inclusions similar to Weibel-Palade bodies
      were found to form primitive vascular lumina. Around the vessels, dermal
      Langerhans' cells and lymphoid cells were detected. Spindle-shaped cell
      proliferation characteristic of fully developed KS lesions was not observed. The
      angioproliferative changes, undetectable clinically, were similar, though less
      evident, to those observed in early lesions of disseminated KS, but without
      stroma tissue reaction. These findings suggest that in AIDS-associated KS
      angioproliferation may not be restricted to the clinically detectable lesions and
      that some angioplastic factor(s) may cause widespread endothelial
      hyperproliferation.

PMID- 3691905
TI  - Generalized pustular psoriasis precipitated by diclofenac and indomethacin.

PMID- 3691904
TI  - Expression of c-Myc, c-Myb, c-Erb-B and c-H-Ras oncogene mRNAs in fibroblasts
      cultured from psoriatic patients.
AB  - The abnormally high rate of proliferation described in cultured psoriatic
      fibroblasts could result from inappropriate expression of cellular oncogenes (c
      onc) associated to the control of cell division. Four c-onc (c-Myc, c-Myb, c-Erb
      B, c-H-Ras) were studied in cultured fibroblasts from lesional and nonlesional
      psoriatic skin (n = 6) and compared with normal subjects (n = 3). RNA was
      analyzed by hybridization with nick-translated cloned human DNA probes after
      extraction by the guanidinium thiocyanate/LiCl procedure, electrophoresis and
      transfer on nitrocellulose. No difference in the level of c-Myc and c-Myb mRNA
      could be detected in psoriatic skin compared with controls. N-Ras did not give a
      detectable signal and c-Erb-B exhibited individual variations which were not
      linked to the disease. These results do not rule out subtle qualitative changes
      of these genes; moreover, an abnormal mRNA expression of other c-onc remains
      possible in psoriasis.

PMID- 3691906
TI  - Effect of etretinate on lichen amyloidosus.

PMID- 3691907
TI  - Retinoids: experimental and clinical results. 17th World Congress of Dermatology.
      Berlin, May 24-29, 1987. Proceedings of the satellite symposium "Retinoids-
      experimental results" and of the CMD symposium "Retinoids--present status".

PMID- 3691908
TI  - Retinoids. Experimental and clinical results. General introduction.

PMID- 3691909
TI  - Inhibition of lipoxygenase products by retinoids in human blood cells.
AB  - Arotinoids, third generation retinoids, inhibited significantly 12-lipoxygenase
      in platelets and 5-lipoxygenase in human neutrophils. The doses required for
      inhibition of 12-lipoxygenase in platelets were as low as 1 pM and of 5
      lipoxygenase in neutrophils as low as 100 pM. No cytotoxicity was observed in
      neutrophils at concentrations used, as assayed by exclusion of trypan blue dye.
      In contrast to various studies reported in the literature, arotinoids used
      inhibited ionophore-induced arachidonic acid (AA) release in platelets and
      neutrophils of humans. The doses required for 50% inhibition of AA release were
      between 10 pM and 75 nM for platelets and between 1 and 50 nM for neutrophils.
      The data suggest that arotinoids are excellent dual inhibitors of cyclooxygenase
      and lipoxygenase pathways of AA metabolism. The mechanism for inhibition of
      eicosanoids lies apparently in the inhibition of AA deacylation from phospholipid
      membrane. It cannot, however, be ruled out that the accumulation of AA results
      from arotinoid-induced stimulation of reacylation of AA into the phospholipid
      membrane.

PMID- 3691911
TI  - Topical minoxidil: experimental and clinical results. Proceedings of a session of
      the 17th World Congress of Dermatology. Berlin, May 27, 1987.

PMID- 3691910
TI  - Topical minoxidil, experimental and clinical results.

PMID- 3691912
TI  - Biochemical mechanisms by which minoxidil sulfate influences mammalian cells.
AB  - The antihypertensive effect of minoxidil has been shown to occur via direct
      vasodilation induced by its active metabolite, minoxidil sulfate (MxSO4). Thus,
      an in vitro vascular smooth muscle preparation was used as a model to investigate
      cellular biochemical mechanisms influenced by MxSO4. In rabbit isolated superior
      mesenteric artery, the contractions produced by receptor agonists such as
      norepinephrine (NE) were relaxed by about 85% with MxSO4. In contrast, MxSO4 was
      without any effect on 80 mM KCl-induced contraction. Furthermore, pretreatment of
      the tissues with tetraethlammonium (TEA, a K+ channel blocker), or ouabain, or 10
      25 mM KCl, all caused pronounced inhibition of MxSO4-induced relaxation of NE
      induced contraction. These investigations revealed that MxSO4-induced relaxation
      could be effectively inhibited by treatments that interfere with plasmalemmal K+
      permeability. It is proposed that MxSO4 acts like a K+ channel agonist to enhance
      K+ permeability; this should result in hyperpolarization and cause reduction in
      agonist-stimulated Ca2+ influx. The end result is a decrease in cytoplasmic free
      Ca2+ concentration, and thus relaxation. Consistent with this, we could also
      demonstrate enhancement of 42K efflux as well as inhibition of NE-stimulated 45Ca
      influx. The above-proposed mechanism appears specific for MxSO4 since it was not
      shared by forskolin (a cyclic-AMP-increasing agent), sodium nitroprusside (a
      cyclic-GMP-increasing agent) or D600 (a Ca2+ antagonist). The relevance of the
      proposed unique cellular mechanism (i.e. K+ permeability) of MxSO4 to its hair
      growth effect remains to be examined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3691913
TI  - Topical minoxidil in extensive alopecia areata, including 3-year follow-up.
AB  - Perhaps the most intriguing aspect of topical minoxidil is the fact that this
      drug can promote hair growth in two unrelated conditions: alopecia areata (AA)
      and androgenetic alopecia. The two conditions have quite different underlying
      mechanisms. In AA, hair follicles respond to some signal or cell injury by
      entering a state of aborted cyclical activity; this state can reverse itself
      spontaneously, or it can be temporarily circumvented with nonspecific
      immunomodulating agents. In androgenetic alopecia, genetically marked hair
      follicles undergo progressive, androgen-mediated miniaturization; antiandrogens
      have been conventionally sought to intercept this process. It is not known how
      minoxidil promotes hair growth except that living follicles capable of
      stimulation and hypertrophy are required. It may be that minoxidil influences
      some fundamental signal to the follicular apparatus, irrespective of the
      pathophysiology involved. We have used topical minoxidil solution in 90 patients,
      aged 7-63 years, with extensive AA affecting 25-100% of the scalp. One study was
      double-blind, and placebo-controlled for an entire year. Minoxidil-treated
      patients responded better than placebo-treated patients. Both 3 and 5% topical
      minoxidil solutions have been used, and treatment with the 3% solution has
      continued for up to 3 years. The results of these studies will be discussed.
      While topical minoxidil is not very effective for those with 100% scalp hair
      loss, it is an effective, easy and safe treatment for those with AA affecting 25
      99% of the scalp.

PMID- 3691915
TI  - Cataract epidemiology. International Cataract Epidemiology Meeting. October 4,
      1986, Noto, Japan.

PMID- 3691914
TI  - Topical minoxidil for androgenetic alopecia: optimizing the chance for success by
      appropriate patient selection.
AB  - Cosmetically acceptable hair growth was achieved in 18 (32%) of 56 balding male
      subjects during a 12-month study using 2 or 3% topical minoxidil. The criteria
      for successful hair regrowth devised from those subjects were: (1) no baldness
      greater than a Hamilton pattern IV; (2) a balding vertex area smaller than 10 cm
      in diameter, and (3) a balding process of less than 5 years' duration.
      Frontotemporal hair loss did not respond to treatment and in fact progressed in
      severity, despite the twice-daily applications of minoxidil. In a subsequent
      study of 91 subjects who met these three criteria, 51 (56%) subjects achieved
      cosmetically acceptable hair growth after 1 year using 2% topical minoxidil
      (Regaine; registered trade mark of The Upjohn Company) twice daily.

PMID- 3691916
TI  - Preliminary evaluation of a simple photographic cataract classification for
      epidemiological surveys.
AB  - A preliminary evaluation of the agreement between clinical and photographic
      cataract classification and its reproducibility by utilizing a very simple
      classification system is presented. Photographic classification was based on
      color Zeiss 75-SL transparencies. Results indicate that photo-derived cataract
      classification based on slitlamp photographs has good validity for nuclear
      opacities but tends to underestimate posterior subcapsular cataracts.

PMID- 3691917
TI  - Epidemiology of cataract--clinical evaluation with retro-illumination
      photography.
AB  - Retro-illumination photography was utilized for epidemiological studies of
      cataract. Diagnosis of cataract was made by the existence of shadows on the
      photographs obtained. In the prevalence study, prevalence rate of cataract was
      35.7% in all (30.2% in male and 45.1% female) 1,017 persons (643 males and 347
      females). Prevalence rates were always higher in females than in males, and in
      diabetics as compared with non-diabetics, in all decades of life. The progression
      study in 338 persons (144 males and 194 females) revealed that maturing courses
      of cataract were most rapid in diabetic females in the fifth to seventh decades
      of life.

PMID- 3691918
TI  - Epidemiology of cataracts.
AB  - Statistical data are summarized regarding surgery for senile cataracts on
      patients older than 45 years of age in Okayama Prefecture. In patients older than
      65 years operated on for senile cataracts, the male-to-female ratio was 1.8 with
      a female predominance. An age-related cataract surgery index is demonstrated
      which suggests that the lower limit for the diagnosis of senile cataracts should
      be placed at 65 years.

PMID- 3691919
TI  - Cataract survey in the local area using photographic documentation.
AB  - An epidemiological survey of cataract was performed in a limited local
      population. 1,020 individuals over 40 years of age were examined. The crystalline
      lens findings were documented by both Scheimpflug and retroillumination
      photography. Cataractous changes were classified into three groups according to
      early senile changes, incipient cataractous changes and only prominent
      cataractous changes. Forms of opacification were classified as cortical,
      subcapsular, nuclear, mixed type and others. The percent prevalence of cataracts
      including early senile changes was 33.9% in the 40-year-old population, 62.8% in
      the 50, 76.2% in the 60, 84.0% in the 70 and 100% for those in their 80s.
      Prominent cataractous opacification was 1.6% in the 40-year-old population, 3.1%
      for those in their 50s, 19.0% in their 60s, 28.6% in their 70s and 57.1% in their
      80s, respectively. Until age 60, the type of opacification was mainly cortical
      alone; however, after age 70, cortical opacity accompanied by nuclear and/or
      capsular opacities increased. The pure nuclear type increased in individuals over
      70.

PMID- 3691920
TI  - On the epidemiology of cataract in Bulgaria.
AB  - Cataract prevalence in Bulgaria is a subject of current registration and of
      research studies. Our report deals with three basic sources: national statistics
      data, epidemiological study on cataract incidence, and clinical observation on
      risk factors. In 1985, 7.9 cataract cases per 1,000 population (over 15 years)
      have been registered. Cataract extractions increased from 6,972 (1980) to 8,050
      (1984). Cataract prevalence study on 2.5 representative samples during the 1970
      census in Bulgaria demonstrated 3.6% for urban and 2.5% for rural populations for
      1 year of observation. The data showed a 10-fold increase when additional
      ophthalmologic examination of a given sample had been performed. The clinically
      based study of cataract characteristics and risk factors includes about 600
      patients for a 1-year period. In this report the data according to sex and age
      distribution, type of cataract and the presence of systemic disease have been
      presented.

PMID- 3691921
TI  - An epidemiologic survey of senile cataract in China.
AB  - This paper is based on data obtained in blindness screening in 7 rural areas
      throughout China and presented at the Second National Conference of the Chinese
      Ophthalmologic Society in 1979. This comparative study of the incidence of senile
      cataract in relation to geographic and meteorologic factors, with special
      reference to solar radiation, indicates that cataract incidence increases with
      decrease in latitude or increase in altitude due to increased solar radiation.
      Zedang in Tibet, with the highest altitude and low latitude (29 degrees N) has
      the highest incidence (1.32%) of the areas surveyed, followed by Aleitai 0.25%
      and Zhongshan (0.23%), whereas the incidences in lowland areas are between 0.12
      and 0.14%, the lowest surveyed being in Zhongmou (0.066%). The differences in
      cataract incidence are apparently associated with solar radiation. Yu and
      coworkers in their research demonstrated the evidence for the solar UV-induced
      lowering of sulfhydryl level in the Tibet human lens nucleus. Therefore, these
      findings furnish some evidence supporting the theory that sunlight enhances
      cataract formation.

PMID- 3691922
TI  - Sectional classification of cataract.
AB  - It is of importance to epidemiologically explore the risk factors which will
      induce cataract. Both the sections of lenses and their grades of opacity were
      classified only on the basis of the findings by the slitlamp microscope in order
      to examine the cases with cataract. There are split ways for classification of
      the cases with cataract, but it would be of no meaning if the classification for
      this purpose is not generally utilized, no matter how detailed it may be.
      Therefore, a simplified method for classification was discussed in the present
      study. There were variations in the grades of opacity with the sections of the
      lens, and the variations give different effects upon the visual disturbances.
      Especially, it was conceived that the visual power would be affected by the
      opacity of the posterior cortex. Also, it was conceived that the opacity of the
      posterior cortex tends to advance faster.

PMID- 3691923
TI  - Cataract prevalence study--an Indian experience.
AB  - Study of cataract epidemiology has a special significance in prevention of
      cataract particularly in view of its high prevalence, and the exorbitant costs
      involved in its management. The broad objective was to estimate the magnitude and
      identify risk factors for future interventions. Such studies also help in planned
      development of manpower and physical infrastructure, besides making an estimation
      for operative load. A prevalence study of cataract has recently been conducted in
      India at 15 different centres, each covering approximately a population of 4,000.
      A manual of procedures for conducting cataract prevalence studies had been
      prepared, tested and used for this study. These procedures were specifically
      adopted, keeping in view the constraints of manpower, equipment etc., and the
      usual community response and lack of cooperation for detailed check-ups during
      surveys.

PMID- 3691924
TI  - Congenital cataract in Victoria, Australia.
AB  - A retrospective review of school children presenting as partially sighted or
      'blind' from cataract shows they account for 91 of 531 (17.1%) cases of visual
      impairment in a 9-year period, 1977-1985. An apparent peak of incidence occurred
      in 1983, but there was no obvious aetiology for this peak.

PMID- 3691925
TI  - Some relevant aspects in conducting cataract prevalence studies.
AB  - This paper deals with some crucial issues relevant to cataract prevalence
      studies. The desirable property of comparability for different studies is
      illustrated and it is brought to light that prevalence studies can be planned in
      order to find out possible risk factors when designed in accordance with some
      criteria.

PMID- 3691926
TI  - Cataractogenic risk factors.
AB  - It was the intention of this study to provide a review on cataractogenic risk
      factors which are already known from the early and recent literature. Additional
      causative or mutual causative factors have been derived from recent studies
      [Bloemendal et al., 1984; Hockwin et al., 1984; Rink and Hockwin, 1985b;
      Eckerskorn et al., 1986]. Under this view it seems necessary to classify the
      cataractogenic risk factors into 3 subgroups: (a) factors from which we
      definitely know their cataractogenic potential and their mode of action (e.g.
      diabetes); (b) factors from which we certainly know that they are closely related
      to cataractogenesis, without knowing the mechanism of action, and (c) factors
      that are only assumed to be involved in the development of cataractogenesis;
      however, neither origin nor mode of action has been explained (e.g. nicotine or
      alcohol intake). For further epidemiological research it would be important to
      introduce many of the known factors into the corresponding questionnaires. As we
      may assume that different risk factors with differing mechanisms of action are
      responsible for the variety of cataract types, it is a prerequisite for future
      studies to improve the cataract classification systems possibly by using the
      Scheimpflug camera method [Eckerskorn et al., 1986] which results in hard,
      reliable and highly reproducible data.

PMID- 3691927
TI  - In vivo and in vitro investigations on cataract risk factors.
AB  - The role of UV-visible slitlamp densitography in monitoring 'pre-cataractous'
      changes in the living human (as well as animals) lens has been amply documented.
      This apparatus can be easily employed in the field (as a part of an epidemiologic
      study) and provides biometric as well as densitographic data. These can be
      correlated with a concomitant evaluation of two cataractogenic risk factors (UV
      exposure and diet). In addition, all cataractous lenses (or lens matter) removed
      in the area being studied can be collected, stored in a frozen state, and shipped
      to the laboratory for further analysis. We have shown that spectroscopic studies
      (UV, fluorescence, phosphorescence and EPR) can be correlated with these in vivo
      data and further clarify the role of UV radiation and diet as part of such an
      epidemiologic study.

PMID- 3691928
TI  - Evaluation of cataract-related risk factors using detailed classification systems
      and multivariate statistical methods.
AB  - The well-known different morphological features observed in so-called senile
      cataract are probably symptoms of various pathogenetic mechanisms in the lens. In
      order to identify a relationship between type of cataract and special risk
      factors, a cataract classification system using Scheimpflug photography has been
      developed. Data of 288 cataract patients (case histories and blood chemistries)
      have been grouped according to differences in cataract morphology. The
      multivariate analyses showed the following five variables to be important and to
      contribute independently to the differentiation of cataract types:
      cholelithiasis, allergy, heart insufficiency, pneumonia, and age. A case-control
      study without consideration of cataract morphology showed the following variables
      to be important and to associate independently with the risk of developing
      cataracts: age, allergy, diabetes, hypotension, hypertension, use of analgesics,
      and coronary disease.

PMID- 3691929
TI  - Progress toward developing a cataract classification system.
AB  - A cataract classification system is being developed based on a set of standard
      photographs. The system uses an ordinal scale ranging from 0 (no opacities) to 2
      (definite opacities) to classify cataractous changes in the nuclear, cortical,
      and posterior subcapsular lens zones. The reproducibility of slitlamp-derived and
      photo-derived classifications using the system was evaluated. The reproducibility
      between 2 observers for slitlamp-derived classifications was very high (n = 60).
      The reproducibility within and among 4 photography readers was also good for
      photo-derived classifications (n = 100). Discrepancies were found between ratings
      derived from slitlamp examinations and from photographs; such discrepancies were
      most frequent for gradings of cortical opacities.

PMID- 3691930
TI  - Indo-US case-control study of senile cataract--design and development.
AB  - Study design and development are presented for an investigation of risk factors
      for senile cataract in a collaborative Indo-US case-control study in New Delhi,
      India. This study emphasizes the relationship of nutritional status, as
      ascertained by biochemical assessment on plasma and red blood cells and by
      dietary history, to specific cataract types (nuclear, cortical, posterior
      subcapsular).

PMID- 3691932
TI  - An in vitro method for the measurement of sarcomere length in human muscle.

PMID- 3691931
TI  - Case-control study of cataract in Oxford.

PMID- 3691933
TI  - The measurement of stiffness in the rheumatoid hand.

PMID- 3691934
TI  - Microwave thermography in rheumatic disease.

PMID- 3691935
TI  - Assessment of a new hip dynamometer.

PMID- 3691936
TI  - A clinical gait analysis system.

PMID- 3691938
TI  - The measurement of stiffness of fractures treated with external fixation.

PMID- 3691937
TI  - The role of gait analysis in clinical medicine: a survey of UK centres.

PMID- 3691939
TI  - Measurement of flexural and torsional stiffness for the human torso in vivo;
      implications for scoliosis.

PMID- 3691940
TI  - Hyperemesis during pregnancy and delivery outcome: a registry study.
AB  - Delivery outcome was studied in 3068 pregnancies with the diagnosis of
      hyperemesis in the Swedish Medical Birth Registry for the years 1973-1981. This
      diagnosis was present in a little over 3 per thousand deliveries in the registry
      but its prevalence varied enormously between different hospitals, from over 1% to
      practically nil. The diagnosis was over-represented at low maternal age and first
      parity and when the infant was a girl. Twinning occurred at a significantly
      increased rate. Gestational length was somewhat shorter and birthweight was lower
      than expected but this had no effect on perinatal survival. Congenital
      malformations were present slightly more often than expected and this was due to
      three diagnoses: undescended testicles, hip dysplasia, and Down syndrome.
      Possible explanations for this excess are discussed.

PMID- 3691941
TI  - Weight percentile at birth. I. Clinical data of pregnancy and relevance for early
      childhood development.
AB  - The influence of the weight percentile at birth on childhood development was
      examined in a prospective study of 847 singleton pregnancies. In the first two
      years of life significant relationships between the birth weight percentiles and
      the infant's development could be proven, while at the age of four social factors
      were predominant. Though various clinical data in pregnancy and delivery were
      related to fetal growth, such as weight of the mother, previous abortions and
      diseases, additional biochemical and biophysical information is desirable for
      early recognition of intrauterine growth disorders.

PMID- 3691942
TI  - Growth hormone deficiency: a hidden obstetrical trauma?
AB  - Fetal presentation, mode of delivery and onset of labour were reviewed in 177
      patients with documented growth hormone deficiency. Non-cephalic presentations
      were about ten times more frequent in this group of patients than in a control
      population. All children with breech position were delivered vaginally and
      spontaneously, suggesting a pituitary insult during vaginal delivery. 'True
      idiopathic' isolated growth hormone deficiency was frequently found in
      association with induction of labour. The data indicate that even a mild birth
      trauma may result in growth hormone deficiency.

PMID- 3691943
TI  - The Multispatula; a spatula adjustable to the shape of the individual cervix.
AB  - The Multispatula, which is adjustable to the specific shape of each individual
      cervix, was compared with the Ayre spatula in 236 patients. Two smears were taken
      from each woman, one with the Ayre and one with the Multispatula. The
      Multispatula had a significantly higher percentage of smears containing
      endocervical cells than the Ayre spatula. Disadvantages of the Multispatula are
      its high price and the sharp edges causing somewhat more pain and bleeding. There
      were major differences in the quality of the smears between the various sample
      takers.

PMID- 3691944
TI  - Prostaglandin E2-induced changes in the distribution of glycosaminoglycans in the
      isolated rat uterine cervix.
AB  - In order to study the hormonal control mechanisms of cervical ripening, we
      investigated the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-induced changes in the distribution of
      glycosaminoglycans (GAG) using hysterectomized and ovariectomized rats, leaving
      the vascularized uterine cervix in situ, as an animal model. In the first series
      of experiments, the GAG were measured in a control (n = 22 Wistar rats) and in a
      PGE2-treated group (n = 20 Wistar rats) without steroid supplementation. In the
      second series of experiments, the GAG were measured in a control (n = 19) and in
      a PGE2-treated group (n = 18) receiving estradiol and progesterone supplements.
      After PGE2 treatment in the two series of experiments, and despite being
      surgically isolated from the uterine corpus, the cervix was still able to undergo
      some of the structural changes associated with normal ripening (increased
      hydration and hyaluronic acid concentration). This suggests that PGE2, acting
      directly on the cervix, could be, at least in part, a modulator of biochemical
      events which underlie normal cervical maturation. The animal model described here
      seems to be suitable for studying the hormonal mechanisms of cervical ripening
      and the regulatory relationship between cervical maturation and myometrial
      contractility, which are probably subject to concordant endocrine regulation.

PMID- 3691945
TI  - Comparative studies on partial microsequence-analysis of Bence-Jones proteins.
AB  - 1. Sequence analyses of Bence-Jones proteins up to 15 amino acids from the N
      terminus provide decision of subgroups. 2. Investigation of primary structure of
      3 Bence-Jones proteins, monomer and dimer of a kappa type, is limited at position
      9-10 using DABITC reagent, whereas DABITC/PITC double coupling method allows
      sequencing up to 20-21 amino acids. 3. Sequencing of tryptic peptides allows only
      determination of 6-9 amino acids. 4. Microsequencing of tryptic peptide T13a
      shows the allotypic variant, inv b+, of Bence-Jones proteins TRA and GAN.

PMID- 3691946
TI  - Diversity and the genesis of high affinity antibodies.

PMID- 3691947
TI  - The structure and function of alpha-actinin.

PMID- 3691948
TI  - The structure of desmosomes and their role in malignant disease.

PMID- 3691949
TI  - Structure and evolution of a non-erythroid spectrin, human alpha-fodrin.

PMID- 3691950
TI  - The N-end rule of selective protein turnover: mechanistic aspects and functional
      implications.

PMID- 3691951
TI  - An overview of supramolecular enzyme organization.

PMID- 3691952
TI  - Functional consequences of the direct transfer of metabolites in muscle
      glycolysis.

PMID- 3691953
TI  - Fast reaction studies of the glycolytic pathway from aldolase to glyceraldehyde-3
      phosphate dehydrogenase with physiological concentrations of enzymes: another
      oxygen-debt mechanism.

PMID- 3691954
TI  - Mapping motion in large proteins by single tryptophan probes inserted by site
      directed mutagenesis: lactate dehydrogenase.

PMID- 3691955
TI  - Crystallographic studies on the structure and catalytic activity of pyruvate
      kinase from skeletal muscle.

PMID- 3691956
TI  - Characterization of human LH isohormones from fresh pituitary tissue.
AB  - The pattern of human LH (hLH) microheterogeneity was determined using freshly
      obtained pituitary tissue. Chromatofocusing across a pH 9-6 gradient produced
      several, distinct peaks of hLH immunoreactivity between pH 8.5 and 6.8, as well
      as a 'salt peak'. Chromatofocusing of the 'salt peak' across a pH 7-4 gradient
      yielded distinct peaks of hLH at pH 6.1, 5.6, and 5.4. Pituitary tissue obtained
      at surgery produced a virtually identical pattern. By gel filtration the elution
      volume of each major chromatofocusing peak was similar to that of intact hLH,
      rather than those of the hLH subunits. The bioactivity/immunoreactivity ratios of
      the major chromatofocusing peaks fell dramatically with decreasing pH, from
      approximately 8 at pH 8.5 to approximately 1 at pH less than 6. These results
      indicate that human pituitary LH exists in multiple, isomeric forms that differ
      markedly in charge and bioactivity. These differences appear to be inherent in
      the native, intact molecules and not the result of autolysis or of dissociation
      into subunits.

PMID- 3691957
TI  - Expression of calbindin-D28K mRNA as a function of altered serum calcium and
      phosphorus levels in vitamin D-replete chick intestine.
AB  - The availability of specific cDNA probes to the chick intestinal calbindin-D28K
      (CaBP) mRNA has allowed us to assess the regulation of this mRNA in response to
      1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) administration. It has previously been
      demonstrated that dietary calcium and phosphorus can effect alterations in the
      steady-state intestinal levels of chick CaBP. We have examined whether or not
      perturbations in dietary calcium and phosphorus have an effect on the expression
      of the intestinal mRNA coding for CaBP in the vitamin D-replete chick. We found
      altered protein levels of CaBP as expected; however there was surprisingly no
      difference in steady-state CaBP mRNA levels between the different dietary groups.
      These data suggest that calcium and phosphorus regulation of CaBP occurs at a
      post-transcriptional level. In addition, we have examined what effect dietary
      manipulations of calcium and phosphorus levels have on the response of the
      vitamin D-replete intestine to 1,25(OH)2D3 administration as assessed by CaBP
      mRNA changes. Administration of 1,25(OH)2D3 to vitamin D-replete chicks
      maintained on normal calcium and phosphorus levels resulted in a less than 2-fold
      increase in CaBP mRNA levels. Previous studies have demonstrated that receptor
      occupancy goes up 6-fold under these conditions; therefore there is apparently a
      very tight regulation of CaBP gene activity. 1,25(OH)2D3 administration to chicks
      raised on either low calcium, high calcium, or low phosphorus vitamin D-replete
      diets similarly showed only small changes in the intestinal CaBP mRNA levels;
      however there seemed to be qualitative differences in response attributable to
      the dietary alterations.

PMID- 3691958
TI  - A kinetics analysis of brain-mediated 20-hydroxyecdysone stimulation of the
      corpora allata of Manduca sexta.
AB  - An in vitro method for investigating 20-hydroxyecdysone regulation of the corpora
      allata (CA) has been used to assess the kinetics of stimulation of precommitment
      day 3 fifth (V) larval instar Manduca sexta CA by 20-hydroxyecdysone. The
      synthesis of juvenile hormone (JH) I and III acids by 20-hydroxyecdysone
      stimulated CA incubated as complexes with the brain-corpora cardiaca (Br-CC)
      increased similarly over time; the synthesis of JH III acid was greater than that
      of JH I acid. Maximal stimulation of the CA to synthesize both JH acids occurred
      when the Br-CC-CA were exposed to 20-hydroxyecdysone for 30-60 min. Following
      stimulation, the elevated rates of JH I and JH III acid synthesis remained
      unchanged over an 11 h incubation in the absence of the steroid hormone,
      suggesting that once stimulated by 20-hydroxyecdysone the CA biosynthetic
      response is persistent. These kinetics data provide insight into the means by
      which 20-hydroxyecdysone stimulates the CA via the Br-CC.

PMID- 3691959
TI  - Suckling influences the in vitro assembly of anterior pituitary gland tubulin
      into microtubules in the lactating rat.
AB  - Microtubules in the lactating rat anterior pituitary gland were depolymerized
      into their constituent tubulin monomers by homogenizing the pituitary tissue at 4
      degrees C. The optimal conditions for the assembly of the pituitary tubulin into
      microtubules were established. It was found that the extent of assembly at 37
      degrees C and pH 6.8 increased as a function of protein concentration, was
      dependent upon the GTP concentration present in the assembly buffer, and was
      inhibited by cold, Ca2+, and tubulin antibody. Next, this method was used to
      determine whether suckling affected the extent to which anterior pituitary
      tubulin of the rat assembled into microtubules. The tubulin fraction from rats
      which were suckled for 30 min assembled into microtubules to a lesser extent than
      did that from nonsuckled controls. These results suggest that the tubulin
      fraction obtained from the suckled rats is impaired in its ability to polymerize
      into microtubules.

PMID- 3691960
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of inhibin in rat and human reproductive tissues.
AB  - Recently, the structures of two forms of inhibin present in human follicular
      fluid were elucidated from the corresponding cDNA sequences. Using specific
      antisera generated against the alpha-chain common to both forms, we have examined
      the cellular localization of inhibin in the male and female rat gonads and in
      human placental tissue. Specific alpha-inhibin immunoreactivity was localized
      within the Sertoli cells of a number of tubules in each testes section. However,
      other adjacent tubules were unstained suggesting a stage-specific production of
      inhibin. Intense immunostaining was observed in the granulosa cells of ovarian
      follicles at various stages but not in the thecal cells. Immunostaining was
      present in the human placenta and limited to the cytotrophoblast cells,
      suggesting a role of inhibin during pregnancy. The present study demonstrates the
      probable site of production of inhibin in the gonads and placenta and further
      implicates this important factor as a key regulator of reproductive functions.

PMID- 3691961
TI  - WHO Study Group on Biologicals: history, issues and goals of the meeting.

PMID- 3691962
TI  - The approach used to establish the safety of veterinary vaccines produced in the
      BHK 21 cell line.
AB  - A unique feature of the BHK 21 system is that the hamster provides a readily
      available and extremely sensitive (5, 13) assay system for process validation
      assays (Table IV outlines a production control scheme) since only between 5 and
      100 cells are needed for tumors to form. While it was argued on theoretical
      grounds that a transforming agent active in a target species would not
      necessarily induce transformation in hamsters, clinical evidence has shown that
      the tumorigenicity of BHK 21 cells is a whole cell phenomenon. The main points to
      be drawn from the work with BHK 21/13 cells are as follows: 1. Cell culture
      technology now allows standardized, safe, effective, economical, large-scale
      vaccine production. 2. Although intact BHK 21 cells have been shown to be
      tumorigenic in hamsters, which is the species of origin for the cell line, no
      tumorigenic activity has been demonstrated in a variety of other aspects. 3. Even
      in hamsters, BHK 21 cells must be intact to cause tumor growth, a condition which
      can easily be avoided in biologicals production. 4. Decisions on the
      acceptability of a cell like the BHK 21 line were made on the basis of multiple
      species studies and validation of the manufacturing process to show that the
      final product was free of biologically active contaminants.

PMID- 3691963
TI  - Concerns for the use of continuous cell lines and certain promoters for producing
      vaccine antigens by recombinant technology.

PMID- 3691964
TI  - History of the acceptance of human diploid cell strains as substrates for human
      virus vaccine manufacture.

PMID- 3691965
TI  - Alarm call responsivity of mallard ducklings: V. Age-related changes in
      repetition rate specificity and behavioral inhibition.
AB  - Twenty-four-hour-old mallard ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos) exhibit a high degree
      of behavioral freezing (i.e., vocal and locomotor inhibition) upon hearing the
      maternal alarm call, which the hen utters when potential predators are near the
      nest. In this study, we assessed age-related changes in alarm call responsivity
      between 12 and 72 hr after hatching. Experiment 1 revealed that, although a
      significant reduction in vocal activity occurred upon exposure to the alarm call
      at all ages tested (12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72 hr), birds older than 48 hr exhibited
      lower levels of freezing than younger birds. Furthermore, 12-hr-old ducklings
      exhibited the greatest level of freezing among the younger-aged groups. In
      Experiment 2, 12-, and 72-hr-old ducklings were tested to variations of the alarm
      call that differed in repetition rate (0.2 to 2.6 notes/sec, in increments of
      2/10 of a second) to ascertain whether there are age-related changes in
      perceptual specificity and whether ducklings exhibit perceptual sharpening.
      Although older ducklings exhibited a slight shift in perceptual specificity
      toward faster repetition rates, they froze significantly less than younger
      ducklings at all repetition rates. Therefore, there was no evidence of perceptual
      sharpening. These data suggest that alarm call responsivity may represent an
      adaptation that appears to be associated with the timing of the nest exodus.

PMID- 3691966
TI  - Mothers' recognition of their newborns by olfactory cues.
AB  - We report that 90% of women tested in the present study identified their newborns
      by olfactory cues after only 10 min-1 hr exposure to their infants. All of the
      women tested recognized their babies' odor after exposure periods greater than 1
      hr. The robust results are due in part to the implementation of an initial
      screening phase in which individuals with obvious olfactory deficits were
      excluded from the sample. These results suggest that odor cues from newborns are
      even more salient to their mothers than have been thought heretofore.

PMID- 3691967
TI  - Pregnancy-induced autogrooming in mice: the effects of nipple removal.
AB  - As pregnancy advances, Rockland-Swiss albino mice spend increasingly more time
      engaged in autogrooming. By gestation day 18 (the day prior to parturition), the
      total duration of autogrooming (a composite measure) as well as the duration of
      nipple line grooming is significantly longer than that displayed by virgin and
      early pregnant females. Nipple excision (i.e., thelectomy) performed prior to
      pregnancy reduces the time GD 18 dams spend licking nipple line regions without
      producing a concomitant decrease in the duration of grooming all regions. It is
      unlikely, therefore, that peripheral stimulation of the nipple line regions via
      self-licking contributes to the heightened display of grooming by pregnant mice.

PMID- 3691969
TI  - Effects of odor familiarity on the development of systematic exploration in the
      spiny mouse, Acomys cahirinus.
AB  - Developmental changes in patterns of exploration by infant spiny mice, Acomys
      cahirinus are described. These were investigated using an unbaited radial maze
      and under three odor conditions; that is, animals were tested in the presence of
      either familiar (own) odors, unfamiliar conspecific odors, or no odors (washed
      floor). Two hypotheses were tested. The first was based on the results of a pilot
      study, and was that adult animals would explore the radial maze in a systematic
      and predictable fashion tending to move from one arm to the next sequentially. It
      was hypothesized that infants would adopt this sequential strategy only
      gradually, as they matured. The second hypothesis was that such patterns of
      exploration would depend upon the olfactory environment; the presence of familiar
      odors might facilitate systematic patterns of exploration in very young Acomys.
      The results showed that both adults and juveniles were less likely to move
      sequentially when tested with no conspecific odor present; sequential patterns of
      movement were most likely in the presence of unfamiliar odor, however. The only
      significant change with age in infants was found for animals tested with
      unfamiliar odors; these animals showed a dramatic increase in sequential behavior
      between 3 and 7 days of age. Two additional experiments are reported, which
      investigated the preferences of infant Acomys for unfamiliar conspecific odors,
      and it was found that very young (about 3 days) animals exhibit a preference for
      odors derived from unfamiliar conspecific litters, even when tested in the
      physical presence of their own parents. The results are discussed with reference
      to the use of olfactory information as directional cues for animals exploring the
      radial maze.

PMID- 3691968
TI  - Hormonal and behavioral attachment responses in infant guinea pigs.
AB  - Infant guinea pigs, 11/12 and 18/19 days of age, exhibited high rates of
      vocalizing and increases in plasma concentrations of cortisol when separated from
      their mothers for 30 min in a novel environment (unfamiliar cage in an unfamiliar
      room). Levels of vocalizations and plasma cortisol were significantly reduced
      when the pup was exposed to the novel environment with its own conscious or
      anesthetized mother, but not when it was exposed with an unfamiliar anesthetized
      lactating female. Pups spent equivalent amounts of time in physical contact with
      their own conscious mother, their own anesthetized mother and an unfamiliar
      anesthetized lactating female. Unexpectedly, when the unfamiliar cage was placed
      in an environmental chamber during separation, pups showed negligible increases
      in vocalizations and plasma cortisol levels, even when administered footshock
      just prior to exposure. These findings demonstrate that guinea pig pups exhibit
      adrenocorticoid as well as behavioral responses to maternal separation, provide
      further evidence for the existence of filial attachment in this species, and
      document an unexpected role of the test environment in determining responses
      during maternal separation. The guinea pig may afford a rodent model for
      examining the effects of attachment-object separation on the activity of the
      pituitary-adrenal system.

PMID- 3691970
TI  - Developmental psychobiology research: a health scientist administrator's
      perspective.

PMID- 3691971
TI  - Children with the fragile X chromosome at schools for the mildly mentally
      retarded.
AB  - An investigation of children in schools for the moderately mentally handicapped
      in Coventry demonstrated that 29 of 259 children had a significant chromosomal
      abnormality. 10 of 155 boys (6 per cent) and 10 of 104 girls (10 per cent) had
      the fragile X syndrome. The clinical features which suggested this syndrome in
      males were IQ in the 50 to 70 range, head circumference greater than the 50th
      centile and post-pubertal testicular volume greater than the 50th centile. For
      both males and females, large ears were a useful sign. All children with fragile
      X had a carrier parent. The occurrence of mental retardation among sibs was one
      in two for brothers and one in four sisters. Considering all the males with
      fragile X syndrome resident in Coventry (this and previous studies), there were
      twice as many in schools for the moderately mentally handicapped as there were in
      schools for the severely mentally handicapped. There were as many females as
      males in the schools for the moderately mentally handicapped.

PMID- 3691972
TI  - Kinaesthetic sensitivity of normal and clumsy children.
AB  - Laszlo and Bairstow (1985a) stated that their Kinaesthetic Sensitivity Test (KST)
      was designed to be useful in researching the relationship between kinaesthesis
      and motor performance, and as a diagnostic tool to identify children with poor
      kinaesthetic function. This study examined the claim that many clumsy children
      perform poorly on the KST. It was found that the test failed to distinguish
      between the performances of clumsy children and those of an age-matched control
      group. Because of its psychometric shortcomings, the KST is unable to fulfil the
      claims of Laszlo and Bairstow, either as a research or a clinical tool.

PMID- 3691973
TI  - Age differences in the magnitude of associated movement.
AB  - Using a quantitative measure of unintended mirror-movements in the contralateral
      limb during a unimanual task, the magnitude of associated movement across the
      ages from six to 16 years was determined. Male children in five age-groups (means
      6.5, 8.5, 10.4, 12.4 and 16.5 years) were asked to squeeze their index finger and
      thumb together to various percentages of their own maximal volitional force.
      Results indicate that the 6.5-year-old group differ from all other age-groups,
      exhibiting significantly greater associated movements at all levels of force. The
      results are discussed in terms of the development of inhibitory control over
      innate neuromotor synergies.

PMID- 3691974
TI  - Visual symbol and manual sign learning by children with phonologic programming
      deficit syndrome.
AB  - A study was done of eight children with phonologic programming deficit syndrome
      (PPDS) and of eight normally developing children, to evaluate learning and recall
      of Blissymbols and of Signed English manual signs. The results support the view
      that children with this syndrome not only have motor speech deficits, but also
      deficits in symbolic processing. Decisions about intervention for nonverbal
      children should take account of their probable deficits in symbol learning.

PMID- 3691975
TI  - Effect of body position on later postural and functional lateralities of preterm
      infants.
AB  - The effects of body position during the neonatal period on subsequent functional
      and postural behaviours were examined in relatively low-risk preterm infants. 44
      infants were nursed in the supine position and 37 in a prone position throughout
      their admission period. Persistent head-turning to the right was observed more
      often and continued longer in the infants lying in supine. Asymmetrical postures,
      e.g. of skull and trunk, were more often seen in infants lying in supine than in
      prone. The prone position was thought to help prevent infantile scoliosis. At
      nine months, preference for the right hand was more marked in infants lying in
      supine, whereas infants lying in prone used their hands bilaterally, a tendency
      that persisted at 18 months. Asymmetrical gait pattern with mild gait disturbance
      was found more often in infants lying in supine than in prone. The prone position
      was thought to prevent asymmetrical posture and excessive functional asymmetries.

PMID- 3691976
TI  - Development of the lateral equilibrium reaction in stance.
AB  - The lateral equilibrium reaction in stance was assessed in 80 normally developing
      children aged from nine months to five years. A scoring system and checklist were
      devised to describe the character and presence of the reaction. The earliest non
      functional response was seen at nine months of age, and no functional response
      was observed to both sides until after two years of age. A progressive increase
      in functional response to both directions of tilt occurred between 12 and 18
      months, with an unexpected drop at 21 and 24 months. All three-year-old and five
      year-old children demonstrated a functional response to both sides. The lower
      extremity pattern was the most consistent component observed in those with a
      functional response. Individual variations in movements of the trunk, upper
      extremities and head excluded any indication of developmental patterns for these
      body segments. The clinical implications of these results are discussed.

PMID- 3691977
TI  - The effect of indomethacin on cerebral blood-flow velocity in premature infants.
AB  - The prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor indomethacin is known to cause significant
      reduction in cerebral blood-flow (CBF) in certain newborn animals. The authors
      studied the effect of indomethacin on the CBF velocity of small premature
      infants, using duplex Doppler real-time ultrasound, and made a record of blood
      pressure (BP) and heart rate. Indomethacin was infused intravenously in five
      infants. Repeated measurements were made from the anterior cerebral artery for
      one hour after injection. There was a significant reduction in mean blood-flow
      velocity of 40 per cent two minutes after the injection, and it remained 35 per
      cent below pre-dose levels for at least one hour. There was a simultaneous rise
      of 15 per cent in systemic BP by one minute after injection. It is argued that
      these these changes represent a significant reduction in CBF, and this may
      increase the likelihood of border-zone ischaemic infarction in ill premature
      infants with pre-existing critical cerebral perfusion.

PMID- 3691978
TI  - Prolonged apnoea with severe arterial hypoxaemia resulting from complex partial
      seizures.
AB  - Multi-channel tape-recordings of the EEG, breathing movements, arterial pulsed
      oxygen saturation and ECG were performed on a four-year-old child with a history
      of cyanotic episodes. These had started at nine months of age, resulted in
      cardiopulmonary resuscitation on unnumerable occasions, and were refractory to
      anti-epileptic medication. During each episode seizure activity appeared first,
      followed within a few seconds by sinus tachycardia, prolonged absence of
      inspiratory efforts and severe arterial hypoxaemia. As the seizure activity
      ended, breathing movements restarted and there was a gradual improvement in
      oxygenation.

PMID- 3691979
TI  - Prolonged expiratory apnoea (cyanotic 'breath-holding') in association with a
      medullary tumour.
AB  - From the age of four months to his sudden, unexpected death at 2 years 11 months,
      a child had severe cyanotic episodes attributed to cyanotic 'breath-holding'
      (prolonged expiratory apnoea). At postmortem he was found to have a previously
      undiagnosed gangliocytoma of the medulla, which had invaded the floor of the
      fourth ventricle and variably affected the 7th to 12th cranial-nerve nuclei.

PMID- 3691980
TI  - Carpal tunnel syndrome in childhood.
AB  - Carpal tunnel syndrome is extremely rare in childhood and in almost all
      previously reported cases it has been secondary to some underlying condition.
      Three 13- to 14-year-old girls are described with idiopathic carpal tunnel
      syndrome, confirmed by EMG and relieved by surgical decompression. A noteworthy
      feature in children is short-lasting but severe attacks of pain, which may be the
      main symptom. Correct diagnosis is important to avoid unnecessary examinations
      and, if indicated, the syndrome can be cured by surgery.

PMID- 3691981
TI  - Can head injury influence the site of demyelination in adrenoleukodystrophy?
AB  - Adrenoleukodystrophy is an inherited disorder, in which there is degeneration of
      white matter of the central nervous system. The disorder presents classically in
      males during the first decade, and although early clinical features may be
      asymmetrical, radiological and pathological features are essentially generalised.
      Two boys are reported with proven adrenoleukodystrophy, who at first had focal
      clinical and radiological features, with the foci in the region of local trauma.
      This raises the possibility that a local insult may have precipitated or hastened
      the degenerative process.

PMID- 3691982
TI  - Single-cause attribution.

PMID- 3691983
TI  - Breath-holding spells.

PMID- 3691984
TI  - Differential diagnosis of Reye's syndrome.

PMID- 3691985
TI  - Intermittent therapy with clobazam for simple febrile convulsions.

PMID- 3691987
TI  - Developmental apraxia.

PMID- 3691986
TI  - Is nocturnal myoclonus a common sleep disturbance in children with leukaemia?

PMID- 3691988
TI  - Rett syndrome and Heller dementia.

PMID- 3691989
TI  - Health care of the elderly: CMA begins to implement proposals.

PMID- 3691990
TI  - Independent living for high-lesion quadriplegics.
AB  - A formal evaluation of the Creekview project has been completed by the B.C.
      provincial government and CPA. This evaluation will determine the costs/benefits
      of Creekview as a model for future moves of severely disabled persons into the
      community. The evaluation looked at several issues such as operating costs,
      health status of residents at the time of relocation and one year later, quality
      of attendant staff, standards of care and general level of services provided.
      Pearson Hospital continues to play a role in the support of the Creekview
      project.

PMID- 3691991
TI  - Caring for AIDS patients is not a matter of choice.

PMID- 3691992
TI  - Setting up an effective records management program.
AB  - The records management program at Kingston General Hospital is by no means
      complete, though considerable progress has been made. Users are gaining
      confidence in the records centre and more departments are becoming involved. To
      date, 12 departments are participating fully in the program. In the future, we
      may consider computerization--for faster retrieval of records--staffing
      requirements and storage of paperless abstracts to maintain an efficient and
      effective records management program.

PMID- 3691993
TI  - Computerizing medical records: the future is here. Part 1.

PMID- 3691994
TI  - Determination of actual costs in accordance with MIS guidelines. Part 1.

PMID- 3691995
TI  - Overcoming the barriers to QA.

PMID- 3691996
TI  - Pulling up roots: Red Cross moves to Ottawa.

PMID- 3691997
TI  - A 14-week vapor inhalation toxicity study of methyl isobutyl ketone.
AB  - In a 2-week probe study male and female Fischer-344 rats and B6C3F1 mice were
      exposed 6 hr/day to 2000, 500, 100, or 0 ppm methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK). At
      2000 ppm there was a slight increase in male rat liver weight (absolute and
      relative). The only changes observed histologically were increases in
      regenerative tubular epithelia and hyalin droplets in kidneys of male rats
      exposed to 2000 or 500 ppm. Exposure levels for a subchronic study were 0, 50,
      250, or 1000 ppm methyl isobutyl ketone vapors 6 hr/day, 5 days per week, for 14
      weeks. The 14 weeks of exposure had no adverse effect on the clinical health or
      growth of rats or mice. Male rats and male mice exposed to 1000 ppm MIBK had a
      slight but statistically significant increase in liver weight and the liver
      weight/body weight ratio. Liver weight was also increased slightly in male mice
      exposed to 250 ppm. No gross or microscopic hepatic lesions related to MIBK
      exposure were observed. Furthermore, the only microscopic change observed was an
      increase in the incidence and extent of hyalin droplets within proximal tubular
      cells of the kidneys of male rats exposed to 250 and 1000 ppm of MIBK. The
      relevance of the male rat kidney tubular effect to humans is not known. In
      conclusion, other than the male rat kidney effect, exposure of male and female
      rats and mice to MIBK at levels up to 1000 ppm for 14 weeks was without
      significant toxicological effect.

PMID- 3691998
TI  - Ethyl acrylate distribution, macromolecular binding, excretion, and metabolism in
      male Fisher 344 rats.
AB  - We have demonstrated previously that ethyl acrylate causes severe acute
      forestomach (nonglandular portion of the stomach) toxicity in rats. Ethyl
      acrylate was also shown to cause forestomach tumors when administered to rats
      chronically by gavage. The current studies were designed to investigate ethyl
      acrylate distribution, excretion, and metabolism, as well as the macromolecular
      interactions of ethyl acrylate (EtAc) in the forestomach (target organ) and liver
      (nontarget organ). 2,3-[14C]Ethyl acrylate was administered in corn oil at 100,
      200, or 400 mg/kg by gavage. Data presented here show that the radioactivity
      derived from EtAc is rapidly absorbed after gavage administration and distributed
      into all major tissues of male F344 rats. The highest concentration of EtAc
      derived radioactivity was detected in the forestomach, glandular stomach,
      intestine, liver, and kidney at 4 and 24 hr after dosing. The highest percentage
      of EtAc-derived radioactivity was found in the lipid fraction of the liver. In
      the forestomach, the highest percentage of EtAc-derived radioactivity was found
      in the protein fraction. The major route of EtAc excretion was CO2 exhalation
      (approximately 70% of the administered dose in 24 hr) followed by the urinary
      excretion. Two metabolites were identified in the urine, namely, N-acetyl-s-(2
      carboxyethyl)cysteine and N-acetyl-s-(2-carboxyethyl) cysteine ethyl ester. This
      suggests that Michael-like addition of sulfhydryls to acrylate is a pathway of
      EtAc metabolism. Hydrolysis of the ethyl ester may occur before or after
      conjugation. Further degradation of the GSH conjugates resulted in the formation
      of the mercapturic acids detected in the urine of EtAc-treated rats.

PMID- 3691999
TI  - Monitoring guinea pig core temperature by telemetry during inhalation exposures.
AB  - A temperature telemetry system was incorporated into an existing animal model for
      inhalation toxicology. This system facilitated continuous monitoring of guinea
      pig temperature during inhalation exposures. Components of the system included
      Mini-Mitter temperature-controlled oscillators, AM receivers, and an IBM
      microcomputer. Software was developed to perform signal processing and filtering.
      Transmitters were calibrated and then sterilized and surgically implanted in the
      guinea pig peritoneum. Monitoring the baseline temperature of nine animals
      indicated a mean temperature of 38.6 +/- 0.3 degrees C. Guinea pigs were treated
      with agents to induce transient hypo- or hyperthermia. For the former, exposure
      for 3 hr to 7.8 ppm diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate resulted in a 3 degrees C
      temperature decrease. The temperature was determined from 230 readings per animal
      per hour. Inhalation of 9 or 44 micrograms/m3 endotoxin for 6 hr induced
      hyperthermia with a 1.5 degrees C maximum increase in core temperature at 4.8 hr.
      With endotoxin, an increase in respiratory rate was also noted and followed the
      same pattern as temperature with a maximal increase of 52% occurring at 4.2 hr.
      The temperature telemetry system enabled continuous long-term monitoring of
      toxicant-induced hypothermia and pyrexia without interruption of inhalation
      exposure or measurements of respiratory parameters.

PMID- 3692000
TI  - Comparative metabolism and excretion of resorcinol in male and female F344 rats.
AB  - Following oral administration, resorcinol was readily absorbed from the
      gastrointestinal tract, rapidly metabolized, and excreted by male and female
      rats. In both sexes, most of the dose of resorcinol (greater than 90%) was
      excreted in the urine within 24 hr after oral administration of 112 mg/kg,
      indicating little potential for bioaccumulation in animal tissues. Less than 3%
      of an oral dose was excreted in feces. An analysis of bile indicated that at
      least 50% of the dose excreted in bile undergoes enterohepatic circulation to be
      eventually excreted in urine. Little (less than 5%) of the parent compound was
      excreted in urine; most of the dose was in the form of three major and one minor
      metabolite. The relative amounts of metabolites excreted changed only slightly
      with time and dose administered. Approximately 70% of the total radioactivity in
      the urine of both sexes was in the form of a glucuronide conjugate. Female rats
      excreted a greater portion of the dose as a sulfate conjugate than males. Males
      excreted more of a diconjugate containing both sulfate and glucuronide groups.
      Repeated exposure to up to five daily doses resulted in no apparent alteration of
      the pattern of resorcinol absorption, metabolism, and excretion observed after a
      single dose.

PMID- 3692001
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of congenital hydrocephalus in the rat.
AB  - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an increasingly available technique in
      clinical medicine for the noninvasive imaging of soft tissues. The purpose of the
      present study was to demonstrate the potential utility of MRI in experimental
      toxicology and teratology studies. The progression of severity of prenatally
      induced hydrocephalus was observed in rat pups from 1 to 4 weeks of age. Pregnant
      Sprague-Dawley rats were given 0, 15, 30, or 45 mg/kg ethylenethiourea (ETU), po,
      on Gestation Day 15. The two higher doses have been reported to induce a high
      incidence of hydrocephalus, which is mild at birth but becomes extensive by 4
      weeks of age. The low dose was a no effect level for hydrocephalus. None of the
      doses of ETU altered birth weight or litter size. Pups from each dose group were
      imaged serially, on Postnatal Days (PD) 6, 13, 17, and 27, in order to determine
      the progression in the severity of hydrocephalus. Littermates were also imaged on
      each of these days, then killed immediately in order to compare the anatomy of
      the brain with its MR image. Hydrocephalus was detectable in the images from all
      animals of the 30 and 45 mg/kg dose groups on PD 6, the earliest observation day.
      At this time, the lateral ventricles were dilated less than 1 mm. Hydrocephalus
      became increasingly severe, and by 4 weeks of age all of the 45 mg/kg group and
      approximately half of the 30 mg/kg group had died. The brains of the surviving 30
      mg/kg rats were severely hydrocephalic, with little cortex remaining. In all
      cases, the MR image corresponded precisely with the brain anatomy observed after
      termination. We have demonstrated that MRI is a useful technique for
      noninvasively imaging lesions in experimental animals. A number of other
      potential uses for MRI in toxicology are presented.

PMID- 3692002
TI  - Acute, pharmacokinetic, and subchronic toxicological studies of 2,4
      dichlorophenoxyacetic acid.
AB  - The single-dose oral LD50 values in Fischer 344 rats for technical-grade, 2,4
      dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), esters, and salts ranged from 553 mg/kg
      (isobutyl ester in females) to 1090 mg/kg (dimethylamine salt in males). The LD50
      values for the acid, esters, or salts, when expressed as acid equivalents, were
      consistent which suggests that the acute toxicity was due to 2,4-D per se. Acute
      dermal LD50 values in rabbits for the acid, esters, and salts were greater than
      2000 mg/kg. Overall, these results indicate that the acute oral and dermal
      toxicity of 2,4-D are low. Pharmacokinetics were evaluated in male Fischer 344
      rats given single oral doses of 10, 25, 50, 100, or 150 mg 2,4-[14C]D/kg. The
      amount of 2,4-D in the plasma, kidney, and urine 6 hr postdosing indicated that
      the urinary elimination of 2,4-D was saturated in male rats given oral doses in
      excess of 50 mg/kg. Subchronic dietary studies in male and female Fischer 344
      rats used dose levels of 0, 15, 60, 100, or 150 mg/kg/day of purified or
      technical-grade 2,4-D acid for 13 weeks. Body weight gains were decreased for
      both sexes at the higher dose levels of purified and technical-grade 2,4-D acid.
      Kidney weights were increased in all treated male rats and in females given the
      higher three dose levels of purified 2,4-D. Treatment-related cytoplasmic
      alterations were present in the renal proximal tubules of most rats given 60
      mg/kg/day and higher of purified or technical-grade 2,4-D; a few females given 15
      mg/kg/day also had slight alterations in the cytoplasm of the proximal tubules. A
      dose-related degenerative change was identified in the descending proximal renal
      tubules of all male rats given the highest three dose levels of either test
      material and some given 15 mg/kg/day. Dose levels of 100 or 150 mg/kg/day of
      either compound for both sexes produced minimal swelling and increased staining
      homogeneity in the liver cells and were associated with a slight elevation of
      liver weight and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase activity. Higher dose levels
      of technical-grade and purified 2,4-D decreased total serum tetraiodothyronine
      levels in female rats, however, the morphology of the thyroid gland was normal.
      The no-observed-effect level (NOEL) was less than 15 mg/kg/day for both purified
      and technical-grade 2,4-D acid.

PMID- 3692003
TI  - Chronic dietary oncogenicity studies of indecainide in rats and mice.
AB  - Chronic toxicity and oncogenicity studies of indecainide, an antiarrhythmic
      compound, were conducted in Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice at dietary
      concentrations of 0.0, 0.02, 0.04, or 0.08%. Sixty animals per sex per dose of
      each species were tested. The duration of compound administration was 2 years for
      both species. The average daily dose was 9.0, 18.0, or 37.0 mg/kg for rats and
      approximately 27.0, 53.0, or 113.0 mg/kg for mice. In rats, no biologically
      significant changes were seen with respect to mortality and clinical signs. Body
      weight gain and daily food consumption were significantly depressed in the 0.08%
      dose group males and 0.04 and 0.08% females. Treatment with indecainide had no
      toxicologically important effects on hematologic or clinical chemistry parameters
      or on organ weight values. Centrilobular fat deposition was present in the livers
      of males in the 0.04 and 0.08% dose groups. The incidence of benign and malignant
      tumors in the treated groups was not increased by treatment with indecainide.
      Survival of B6C3F1 mice was not significantly affected by exposure to
      indecainide. Mean body weight gain was slightly decreased throughout the study in
      mice receiving 0.02 or 0.04%, while mice receiving 0.08% indecainide had
      moderately decreased body weight gain. Treatment with indecainide had no
      toxicologically important effects on the hematologic or clinical chemistry
      parameters measured. No biologically important effects were observed in organ
      weight values. The incidence of non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions was similar
      to those associated with aging in this strain and these were considered to be
      unrelated to drug treatment. Based on the findings in these studies, indecainide
      was not carcinogenic to either F344 rats or B6C3F1 mice at dietary concentrations
      of 0.02, 0.04, or 0.08% for 2 years.

PMID- 3692004
TI  - Species differences in the urinary disposition of some metabolites of ethylene
      oxide.
AB  - Some aspects of the qualitative and quantitative urinary disposition of some
      metabolites of ethylene oxide in three rodent species, mouse, rat, and rabbit,
      were examined by determining urinary N-acetyl-S-(2-hydroxyethyl)-L-cysteine, S-(2
      hydroxyethyl)-L-cysteine, S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine, and ethylene glycol after
      ethylene oxide exposure by iv and inhalation routes. The animals were given
      ethylene oxide at 20 and 60 mg/kg, and urine samples were collected at 6 and 24
      hr. Important differences were observed between the three species in the urinary
      metabolic disposition of ethylene oxide. Mice excreted significant quantities of
      N-acetyl-S-(2-hydroxyethyl)-L-cysteine, S-(2-hydroxyethyl)-L-cysteine, S
      carboxymethyl-L-cysteine, and ethylene glycol (8.3, 5.8, 1.9, and 3.3% of the
      lower dose, respectively, in 24 hr), whereas in rats only N-acetyl-S-(2
      hydroxyethyl)-L-cysteine (31%) and ethylene glycol (6%) were apparent. In
      contrast, the rabbits were found to excrete only ethylene glycol (2%). This study
      further reveals species-related differences in the urinary excretion of N-acetyl
      S-(2-hydroxyethyl)-L-cysteine and ethylene glycol during the two collection
      periods. The observed differences between the three species in the metabolic
      disposition of ethylene oxide were found to be qualitatively independent of the
      route of exposure, i.e., inhalation at 200 ppm or iv. These results suggest that
      care should be exercised when using an animal species as a model for human
      disposition of ethylene oxide.

PMID- 3692005
TI  - Comparative toxicity and carcinogenicity of two chlorinated paraffins in F344/N
      rats and B6C3F1 mice.
AB  - The toxicity and carcinogenicity of chlorinated paraffins containing C12 with 60%
      Cl, and C23 with 43% Cl, were assessed in prechronic and 2-year gavage studies
      using F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice of both sexes. Single administrations of
      chlorinated paraffins were nonlethal in rats and mice, but repeated-dose and 2
      year studies demonstrated toxic responses that differed with the paraffins. The
      C23,Cl43% paraffin produced a granulomatous inflammation in the liver of female
      rats in 13-week studies, while the C12,Cl60% paraffin caused deaths of rats and
      mice in 16-day studies and marked liver enlargement in 13-week studies. In 2-year
      studies, the C23,Cl43% paraffin caused hepatic and lymphatic granulomatous
      inflammation and hyperplasia in both sexes of rats, and was associated with
      marginal increases in adrenal medullary pheochromocytomas in female rats and
      hepatocellular neoplasms in female mice and with clear increases in malignant
      lymphomas in male mice. The C12,Cl60% paraffin caused marked liver enlargement in
      rats and increased the severity of nephropathy in male rats and the incidence of
      nephropathy in female rats. C12,Cl60% also caused hepatocellular neoplasms in
      both sexes of rats and mice: kidney tubular cell adenomas and adenocarcinomas in
      male rats, thyroid follicular cell neoplasms in female rats and female mice, and
      a marginal increase in mononuclear cell leukemia in male rats. Thus, the short
      chain, heavily chlorinated paraffin appears to have a greater potential for
      chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity than the longer-chain, lightly chlorinated
      paraffin. Both paraffins have been reported to be nonmutagenic in bacteria.
      (National Toxicology Program (1986) Technical Report, NIH Publications 86-2561
      and 86-2564).

PMID- 3692006
TI  - Monochloroacetic acid toxicity in the mouse associated with blood-brain barrier
      damage.
AB  - Monochloroacetic acid (MCA) causes front paw rigidity in 10% of mice surviving a
      single oral toxic dose (320-380 mg/kg). Mice exhibiting front paw rigidity were
      killed at various times after MCA treatment and their brains were prepared for
      histological examination. As early as 48 hr post-treatment, RBCs were found
      outside capillaries in several brain regions, especially the cerebellum. At time
      points up to 8 weeks after MCA, extracapillary RBCs were seen to be undergoing
      lysis, and there was loss of cerebellar Purkinje cells. Three hours after oral
      administration of an LD80 of MCA (380 mg/kg), entry of iv-injected [14C]inulin or
      [3H]dopamine (1.0 microCi) into all brain regions was significantly increased
      compared to controls. Increased entry of [14C]inulin into the brains of mice
      occurred as early as 2 hr after MCA, coinciding with the onset of signs of
      toxicity, and remained elevated for up to 8 hr following treatment. Further
      studies revealed that only those mice which were moribund but not those which
      were unaffected by MCA (380 mg/kg) 4-6 hr after treatment had significantly
      increased brain levels of [14C]inulin or [3H]dopamine. However, mice which
      survived an LD80 of MCA and exhibited front paw rigidity 24 hr later also had
      brain radiotracer concentrations significantly greater than controls. Both the
      lethal effects of MCA and the physical deficits observed in survivors may be
      associated with impairment of blood-brain barrier function.

PMID- 3692007
TI  - Four-day repeated inhalation and recovery study of methyl isocyanate in F344 rats
      and B6C3F1 mice.
AB  - F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice of both sexes were exposed by inhalation to 0, 1, and 3
      ppm methyl isocyanate (MIC) for 4 consecutive days (6 hr/day) followed by a
      recovery period of 91 days. Five mice and rats/sex/group except the 3 ppm group
      (5 rats/sex on Day 7 and 2 males on Day 28) were killed on Days 7, 28, 49, and 91
      after the exposure and examined histopathologically. Forty-nine of 56 male rats,
      51 of 56 female rats, and 1 of 56 male mice in the 3 ppm group died by 28 days;
      early death animals were also examined histologically. Exposure-related changes
      occurred in rats and mice of both sexes in the 3 ppm group only. Lesions of the
      nasal cavity in rats and mice were characterized by regeneration of the olfactory
      and respiratory epithelia secondary to epithelial erosion. By Day 28 the
      olfactory and respiratory epithelia in mice appeared normal, while in rats
      incomplete regeneration of the olfactory epithelium was still present.
      Regeneration of the respiratory epithelium in the trachea of rats occurred in the
      3 ppm group and the epithelium appeared to return to normal by Day 28. Lung
      lesions in rats consisted of mural and/or intraluminal fibrosis secondary to
      extensive erosion of the respiratory epithelium in the major bronchi to the
      terminal bronchioles. Acute inflammation of the small airways, occasional hyaline
      membranes of alveolar walls, and pulmonary atelectasis were also seen. Alveolar
      fibrosis was observed in rats found dead from Day 14 on and in male rats killed
      on Day 28. Atrophy of the thymus and spleen, atrial thrombosis of the heart, and
      hepatocellular necrosis were frequently seen in rats dying following MIC
      exposure. The lung lesions in mice were qualitatively similar to those in rats,
      but were restricted to the major bronchi. Minimal intraluminal or mural fibrosis
      was still present in mice on Day 91. In a separate study, a single 6-hr exposure
      of five male rats to 3 ppm MIC was followed by a recovery period of 7 days. The
      lesions of the respiratory system were essentially the same as those in the 3 ppm
      group killed on Day 7 after the 4-day repeated exposure of MIC, but the alveolar
      lesions were more severe.

PMID- 3692008
TI  - Subchronic toxicity of propantheline bromide administered in the feed to Fischer
      344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice.
AB  - Propantheline bromide, a drug used for the treatment of peptic ulcers, was
      studied in male and female Fischer 344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice for subchronic
      toxicity. The drug was administered in the feed for 13 weeks at 0, 220, 670,
      2000, 6000, and 24,000 ppm in both species. Propantheline bromide caused a
      decrease in weight gain at 24,000 ppm in male and female rats and at 6000 and
      24,000 ppm in male and female mice. All rats survived the treatment. The top dose
      of 24,000 ppm was fatal to mice. Clinical signs of toxicity (dilated pupils and
      decreased gastrointestinal emptying), similar to the atropine-like effects of
      propantheline bromide in man, were seen in male and female rats at 24,000 ppm.
      Hyperplasia of the transitional epithelium of the urinary bladder was seen in
      high-dose male rats at the end of 13 weeks.

PMID- 3692009
TI  - Subchronic inhalation toxicity of hexamethylenediamine in rats.
AB  - Four groups of 15 male and 15 female Sprague-Dawley-derived (CD) rats each were
      exposed to aqueous hexamethylenediamine (HMD) aerosols for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week
      for 13 weeks at mean analytical concentrations of 0, 12.8, or 51 mg/m3. Because
      of exposure-related deaths in a group of male and female rats similarly exposed
      to 215 mg/m3 HMD, this group was terminated during the seventh week of the study.
      Signs of respiratory and conjunctival irritation were observed in rats at both
      the 51 and 215 mg/m3 HMD test levels. Body weight gain was significantly reduced
      in both sexes exposed to 215 mg/m3 HMD. At the 5-week study interval, slight
      hemopoietic stimulation of peripheral blood parameters was observed in rats of
      both sexes exposed to 215 mg/m3 HMD. Treatment-related microscopic lesions were
      seen only in rats exposed to 215 mg/m3 MD and were confined to the trachea, nasal
      passages, and lungs. The no-effect level in this study is considered to be 12.8
      mg/m3 HMD.

PMID- 3692010
TI  - Dimethylethanolamine: acute, 2-week, and 13-week inhalation toxicity studies in
      rats.
AB  - Dimethylethanolamine (DMEA) is a volatile, water-soluble amine that has
      applications in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. These studies
      evaluated the acute and subchronic inhalation toxicity of DMEA. Acute (4-hr)
      exposures of Wistar rats to DMEA vapor resulted in an LC50 value (95% confidence
      limits) of 1641 (862-3125) ppm. Clinical signs of nasal and ocular irritation,
      respiratory distress, and body weight loss were observed in rats exposed to 1668
      ppm DMEA and higher. In the 2-week study, F-344 rats exposed to 98, 288, or 586
      ppm DMEA for 9 days (6 hr/day) during an 11-day period also exhibited signs of
      respiratory and ocular irritation (except the 98 ppm group). All animals of the
      586 ppm group and 4 of 15 male rats of the 288 ppm group died. Body weight values
      for the 288 ppm group were reduced to about 75% of preexposure values, while the
      98 ppm group gained 35% less weight than controls. Statistically significant
      differences in clinical pathology parameters (288 ppm group) and in organ weight
      values (288 and 98 ppm groups) probably resulted from the decreased food
      consumption and not from specific target organ toxicity. In the groups evaluated
      histologically (the 98 and 288 ppm groups) the eye and nasal mucosa were the
      primary target organs. In the 13-week subchronic study, F-344 rats were exposed
      to 0, 8, 24, or 76 ppm DMEA for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 13 weeks. The principal
      exposure-related changes were transient corneal opacity in the 24 and 76 ppm
      groups; decreased body weight gain for the 76 ppm group; and histopathologic
      lesions of the respiratory and olfactory epithelium of the anterior nasal cavity
      of the 76 ppm group and of the eye of several 76 ppm group females. Rats
      maintained for a 5-week recovery period only exhibited histological lesions of
      the nasal tissue, with the lesions being decreased in incidence and severity.
      DMEA acts primarily as an ocular and upper respiratory tract irritant and
      toxicant at vapor concentrations of 76 ppm, while 24 ppm or less produced no
      biologically significant toxicity in rats. Thus, 24 ppm was considered to be the
      no-observable-effect level.

PMID- 3692011
TI  - Pathological and hepatic ultrastructural effects of a single dose of perfluoro-n
      decanoic acid in the rat, hamster, mouse, and guinea pig.
AB  - In rats, the liver is the primary target organ of perfluoro-n-decanoic acid
      (PFDA) toxicity. Therefore, the effects of PFDA on hepatic ultrastructure were
      studied in rats. Pathological changes induced by PFDA in hamsters, mice, and
      guinea pigs were also examined. PFDA caused a severe reduction in body weight in
      all four species studied. A reduction in food intake was observed in rats and
      hamsters. However, hamsters continued to consume food at a reduced level, while
      rats stopped eating for a 5- to 6-day period about 6 days after dosing. The PFDA
      induced pathological changes in the hamsters, mice, and guinea pigs resembled
      those seen in rats to varying degrees. As in the rat, PFDA caused a marked liver
      enlargement in mice and hamsters and a moderate swelling in guinea pigs. This
      hepatomegaly was ascribed primarily to individual cell swelling. Thymic atrophy
      was noted in PFDA-treated hamsters, mice, and guinea pigs. Seminiferous tubular
      degeneration observed in hamsters and guinea pigs, but not in mice, was not as
      severe as in the rat, where in some cases frank necrosis has been seen.
      Ultrastructural changes in the livers of all PFDA-treated animals, regardless of
      species, included disruption of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, rounding and
      swelling of the mitochondria with related structural alterations, and mild to
      extensive proliferation of peroxisomes. This peroxisome proliferative response
      was greatest in mice and almost absent in guinea pigs. Accumulation of lipid
      droplets in liver cells due to PFDA treatment was more pronounced in hamsters and
      guinea pigs than in rats and mice. PFDA-induced hepatomegaly with a concomitant
      increase in peroxisomes in several rodent species may be associated with an
      impairment of normal lipid metabolism in the liver by PFDA.

PMID- 3692012
TI  - Evaluation of the interaction of three genotoxic agents in eliciting sister
      chromatid exchanges using response surface methodology.
AB  - Chinese hamster cells (V79) were treated with ethylnitrosourea (ENU),
      bischloroethylnitrosourea (BCNU), and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (DDP)
      alone and in combination. Sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were quantitated as
      measures of genotoxicity of the three agents. The combination experiment employed
      a factorial design in which cells were treated, in various concentration
      combinations, with all agents simultaneously. Response surface methodology using
      a polynomial model in treatment variables to approximate the mean the
      distribution of SCE events was employed for analysis of the interactions of the
      three genotoxic agents. Due to unequal variances of the number of SCEs in the
      various treatment groups, a weighted least-squares analysis was used to estimate
      the parameters of the dose-response relationship. The single-agent results
      suggest that the DDP concentration-response curve has a much steeper slope than
      the ENU and BCNU curves, and is concave downward as compared to the relatively
      linear concentration-response curves of ENU and BCNU. The combination results
      suggest that ENU and DDP are involved in a negative interaction. The BCNU/DDP
      interaction, the ENU/BCNU interaction, and the three-factor interaction are not
      statistically significant. The analysis of these data demonstrates the usefulness
      of a statistical procedure for evaluating the biological effects resulting from
      exposure to multiple cytotoxic agents. The methodology can be used with many
      other types of endpoints and is not limited by the number of treatment agents.

PMID- 3692013
TI  - Teratogenic response of dimethylacetamide in rats.
AB  - Pregnant CD rats (25/group) were used to determine the teratogenic potential of
      dimethylacetamide (DMAC). DMAC was administered in deionized water once a day by
      gavage on Days 6 through 19 of gestation at dosages of 0, 65, 160, and 400
      mg/kg/day. Cesarean sections were performed on all females on Gestation Day 20.
      No treatment-related effects were observed in survival, appearance, or behavior
      at necropsy. Mean maternal body weight gain was reduced significantly only at the
      400 mg/kg/day level. Fetotoxicity manifested by increased postimplantation loss
      was seen at the 400 mg/kg/day level while reduction in mean fetal body weights
      was noted at the 160 and 400 mg/kg/day test levels. Developmental variations
      (reduced ossification and unossified skeletal variations) were increased at the
      400 mg/kg/day test level and corresponded to the reduced fetal body weights which
      were observed. Treatment-related malformations of the heart, major vessels and
      oral cavity, and anasarca were seen at the 400 mg/kg/day DMAC level. No
      teratogenic effect of DMAC treatment was observed at or below dosage levels of
      160 mg/kg/day.

PMID- 3692014
TI  - One-year inhalation toxicity study of chlorine in rhesus monkeys (Macaca
      mulatta).
AB  - Chlorine (Cl2) gas is a potentially lung-damaging irritant which is used in the
      chemical, plastics, and paper industries. There are no data published using
      experimental animals on the chronic inhalation toxicity of chlorine. The purpose
      of this study was to investigate the chronic effects of Cl2 inhalation in Rhesus
      monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Rhesus monkeys were exposed to concentrations of 0,
      0.1, 0.5, or 2.3 ppm Cl2 for 6 hr per day. 5 days per week for 1 year. Pulmonary
      physiology (pulmonary diffusing capacity and distribution of ventilation), body
      weights, urinalysis, electrocardiographs, hematology, and clinical chemistry were
      evaluated monthly during the study. Blood gas evaluations were performed at 3
      month intervals during the study. Histopathologic, ophthalmologic, and neurologic
      parameters were evaluated after the 1-year exposure period. Monkeys exposed to
      2.3 ppm Cl2 exhibited signs of ocular irritation during the daily exposures and a
      superficial conjunctival irritation was present in the 2.3 ppm group after the 1
      year exposure regimen. Treatment-induced lesions revealed by histopathology were
      confined to the respiratory tract. Lesions associated with the nasal parasite
      Anatrichosoma spp. were present in the region of squamous epithelium of the nasal
      vestibule and did not interfere with interpretation of Cl2-induced effects.
      Treatment-induced histopathologic changes were found in the respiratory
      epithelium of the nasal passages and trachea and were limited to focal,
      concentration-related epithelial hyperplasia with loss of cilia and decreased
      numbers of goblet cells in affected areas. These changes in the nose and trachea
      were focal and mild in monkeys exposed to 2.3 ppm and were not found in all
      animals in these exposure groups. Tracheal lesions were confined to the 2.3 ppm
      group. The lesions observed at 2.3 ppm were not present in all animals. At the
      lower Cl2 concentrations, similar though less prominent respiratory epithelial
      lesions were observed. The latter changes were very minimal and were confined to
      the nasal passages of some treated monkeys and one male control animal. The
      results of this study indicate that 2.3 ppm chlorine acts as an upper respiratory
      irritant in monkeys, while 0.5 and 0.1 ppm induce changes of questionable
      clinical significance. Furthermore, the monkey appears to be less sensitive than
      the rat to chlorine toxicity.

PMID- 3692015
TI  - Effects of losulazine on rat reproduction and development.
AB  - Losulazine, a hypotensive agent, was given orally by gastric intubation to
      Sprague-Dawley rats in doses of 0, 2, 4, or 8 mg/kg/day in a study of fertility
      and general reproductive performance. Eighteen males per group were treated for
      67 days before cohabitation, then daily until killed. Thirty-six females per
      group were treated for only 14 days because estrous cycles had been disrupted.
      Females remained untreated for 7 days before cohabitation; treatment was resumed
      after insemination was confirmed or when the cohabitation period ended. Males
      were cohabited on a 1:2 basis with females from the same treatment group for up
      to 14 days, then for 14 days with untreated females. The conception rate of both
      treated and untreated females was statistically significantly decreased as the
      dose increased. Mean body weights were statistically significantly greater and
      mean gestation periods were statistically significantly longer in losulazine
      treated females than in females of the vehicle control group. Throughout the
      preweaning period mean body weights were significantly less in offspring from
      treated dams than in offspring of dams in the vehicle control group. This adverse
      effect on weight gain continued in male offspring until at least postpartum day
      79. Functional development was significantly delayed in the offspring of
      losulazine-treated dams tested for pinna detachment, auditory startle, negative
      geotaxis, eye opening, and learning (swimming M-maze). Delays in development were
      generally greater in offspring of dams and sires treated with higher doses of
      losulazine. Fertility of male offspring from dams and sires treated with
      losulazine at 4 and 8 mg/kg/day was also affected adversely.

PMID- 3692016
TI  - Distribution of blood flow to the gastrointestinal tract of swine during T-2
      toxin-induced shock.
AB  - Swine (6 per group) were used to study gastrointestinal blood flow during T-2
      toxin-induced shock. Low- and high-dose groups were given T-2 toxin at 0.6 or 2.4
      mg/kg via the pulmonary artery; controls were given the ethanol vehicle.
      Radiolabeled microspheres were administered into the left atrium to assess organ
      blood flow predosing and at 90-min intervals for 6 hr. Gastric blood flow
      decreased in both T-2 groups, and at 6 hr the high-dose group's value was 17% of
      the predose value. In the low-dose group, the lowest gastric blood flow (30% of
      predose) was observed 3 hr postdosing. Small-intestinal blood flow of the control
      group declined to 64% of the predose value. In the high-dose group, small
      intestinal blood flow at 3 hr was 174% of predose, followed by a reduction to 62%
      at 6 hr, coinciding with a severe decline in cardiac output. Small-intestinal
      blood flow of the low-dose group was 159% of predose at 1.5 hr, then declined to
      the control value. The high-dose group's large-intestinal blood flow increased to
      177% of predose at 3 hr, then declined to 66% at 6 hr. The low-dose group's large
      intestinal blood flow increased to 200% of the predose value. The severe decline
      in gastric blood flow is probably related to the development in swine (given high
      doses of T-2 toxin) of a grossly bright red gastric fundus, with histologic
      evidence of vascular congestion and mucosal deterioration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3692017
TI  - Effect of fusarochromanone and T-2 toxin on articular chondrocytes in monolayer
      culture.
AB  - The effect of fusarochromanone and T-2 toxin on DNA synthesis and radio-sulfate
      incorporation by rabbit articular chondrocytes was studied in monolayer culture.
      T-2 toxin reduced DNA more than 50% at 5 x 10(-9) M; fusarochromanone caused
      small but progressive decrements over a range of 5 x 10(-8) to 10(-6) M. These
      actions are not specific for chondrocytes. The findings lend no support to the
      hypothesis that fusarochromanone, at least in unmodified form, is the etiologic
      agent in Kashin-Beck disease.

PMID- 3692018
TI  - Assessment of the toxicity of chemical mixtures with isolated rat hepatocytes:
      cadmium and chloroform.
AB  - The suitability of isolated rat hepatocytes for the investigation of the toxicity
      of chemical mixtures has been studied. Cadmium chloride and chloroform were used
      because both had been previously investigated in hepatocytes and both produce
      hepatotoxicity after in vivo administration. The addition of the two chemicals
      caused an increase in cytotoxicity as assessed by loss of intracellular potassium
      ion and aspartate aminotransferase. There was even a toxic response form the
      mixture at concentrations where the chemicals alone yielded no such response. The
      metabolic parameter, lactate to pyruvate ratio, was less consistently affected.
      The nature of the interaction could, under the varying conditions employed, be
      described as one of synergism, potentiation, or addition. The data support the
      proposed role of isolated hepatocytes in screening chemical mixtures for toxic
      effects.

PMID- 3692019
TI  - Induction of ethylenediamine hypersensitivity in the guinea pig and the
      development of ELISA and lymphocyte blastogenesis techniques for its
      characterization.
AB  - Ethylenediamine (EDA) is reported to be a poorly characterized iatrogenic and
      occupational contact sensitizer. To better characterize EDA hypersensitivity, a
      guinea pig model was employed in which the animals were exposed epicutaneously to
      simulate conditions of human exposure, and selected immune parameters were
      measured. Induction of hypersensitivity was by the Buehler occluded patch method
      (6 hr application/day, once a week for 3 consecutive weeks) to 10, 20, 30, or 40%
      EDA, using either an ethanol or acetone/corn oil vehicle. Fourteen days after the
      last induction, guinea pigs were challenged by patch application of 2% EDA
      (nonirritating). The incidence of responders for erythema in the 10% EDA
      (ethanol) treatment group was 83 and 50% at 24 and 48 hr, respectively. In the
      10% EDA (acetone/corn oil) group the corresponding values were 50 and 17%. For
      20, 30, and 40% EDA, in either vehicle, the incidence of erythema was 83 to 100%.
      Severity grades (scale = 0-3) for cutaneous reactions to increasing
      concentrations of EDA in ethanol ranged from 0.8 to 2.5; those for EDA in
      acetone/corn oil ranged from 0.6 to 2.8. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay developed to detect the predominant serum antibodies to EDA, it was shown
      that guinea pigs treated by patch application did not produce the main allergic
      antibody IgG specific for EDA. However, intradermal administration of an EDA
      guinea pig serum albumin conjugate (EDA-GSA) to guinea pigs presensitized by
      patch application resulted in antibody production by 39 and 86% of the animals,
      at the initial and second dosing, respectively. An in vitro blastogenesis assay,
      using peripheral blood lymphocytes from EDA-sensitized guinea pigs, was developed
      to identify specific chemical allergens implicated in vivo sensitization. Maximum
      tritiated thymidine ([3H]TdR) incorporation by lymphocytes stimulated in vitro
      with EDA-GSA was observed on Day 7. Optimal antigen concentration for maximum
      lymphocyte proliferation ranged from 5 to 50 micrograms/ml, the major variation
      being attributable to interanimal differences. These results indicate that
      epicutaneous application of EDA in the guinea pig induces a Type IV delayed
      hypersensitivity; immunological memory to the hapten is maintained in cultured
      lymphocytes, suggesting the potential usefulness of the lymphocyte transformation
      test for in vitro diagnosis of chemically induced hypersensitivity in humans.

PMID- 3692020
TI  - Transfer of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans to fetal and
      neonatal rats.
AB  - A fly ash extract from a municipal incinerator, containing polychlorinated
      dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs), was orally administered to
      rats on Days 10 to 17 of the pregnancy and during the first 10 days of the
      lactation period. PCDD and PCDF congeners retained in the fetuses and livers of
      the offspring had a 2,3,7,8-chlorine substitution pattern. The only non-2,3,7,8
      substituted congener retained in the liver of the offspring and females was
      2,3,4,6,7-pentachlorodibenzofuran (PnCDF). In the fetuses 2,3,7,8
      tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) had the highest retention (0.13% of total
      dose) and a decrease in retention was found with increasing number of chlorine
      atoms. In the livers of the offspring, the highest retention was found for
      2,3,7,8-TCDD and the three 2,3,7,8-substituted hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins
      (HxCDDs) (5.26-8.12%). In the livers of the pregnant and lactating females penta-
      and hexachlorinated congeners had the highest retention (53.91-80.20%). For both
      groups the liver retention of the tetra- to octachlorinated congeners was
      similar, but the lactating females stored less PCDDs and PCDFs in their adipose
      tissue. A linear relationship was found between the retention of congeners in the
      livers of the females and offspring.

PMID- 3692021
TI  - Retinopathy from inhaling 4,4'-methylenedianiline aerosols.
AB  - 4,4'-Methylenedianiline (MDA) is an important chemical intermediate in the
      production of isocyanates and polyurethane elastomers and polymers. The health
      hazards from acute inhalation exposure to the aerosols were evaluated. Guinea
      pigs of albino and pigmented strains were exposed nose-only to the aerosols of
      MDA in polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG) solution. The exposure was 4 hr per day, 5
      days per week for a total of 10 exposures in 2 weeks. The time-weighted average
      aerosol concentration was 0.44 +/- 0.09 mg/liter and the optical number length
      mean diameter of the aerosol particle was 2.4 micron with sigma g of 2.1. During
      exposures, no overt respiratory distress was observed. Two weeks after the
      exposures, the guinea pigs were tested for possible dermal sensitization by being
      challenged with dermal application of MDA-PEG solutions at concentrations of 0,
      2, 20, and 200 mg/ml. Neither dermal irritation nor allergic response was
      detected under this experimental condition. Thereafter, the animals were
      tracheostomized for measurements of changes in lung insufflation pressure for
      detecting possible changes in the distensibility of the lungs from a challenge
      dose of an aerosol of MDA-PEG at a concentration of 200 mg/ml. No significant
      changes were observed under this testing condition. Finally, the animals were
      euthanized for histopathologic examinations of eye, lung, liver, and kidney. The
      most remarkable findings was the degeneration of the inner and outer segments of
      the photoreceptor cells and the pigmented epithelial cell layer of the retinas of
      both albino and pigmented strains of guinea pigs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3692022
TI  - Cardiovascular effects in rats following exposure to a high-boiling coal liquid.
AB  - In previous work, increased blood pressure was observed in anesthetized rats
      following a subchronic aerosol exposure to solvent-refined coal heavy distillate
      (HD). To determine if this increase is a permanent, dose-related response, 11
      week-old male rats were exposed by inhalation to 0, 0.24, or 0.70 mg/liter
      (control, low-exposure, and high-exposure groups, respectively) of HD for 6
      hr/day, 5 days/week, for 6 weeks. In addition to blood pressure, select
      cardiovascular parameters were measured to obtain information on other possible
      toxic effects of the HD and also to gain some insight into potentially altered
      regulatory mechanisms that could be affecting the blood pressure. The angiotensin
      aldosterone hormonal system, body fluid regulation, cardiac function and
      regulation, and pulmonary gas-exchange capabilities were examined. Two weeks
      after the end of exposure, mean blood pressures and heart rates of anesthetized
      animals in the low-and high-exposure groups were elevated relative to the
      controls. Plasma angiotensin concentrations decreased with increasing dose,
      whereas aldosterone concentrations were unaffected. In the high-dose group, blood
      and plasma volumes were 20 and 28%, respectively, higher than those of controls.
      Seven weeks after exposure, all measured cardiovascular parameters were similar
      to control values. Results from this study show that a 6-week exposure to HD
      resulted in dose-dependent, transient changes in a variety of physiological
      factors considered important in cardiovascular function.

PMID- 3692023
TI  - Evaluation of the developmental toxicity of sodium nitrite in Long-Evans rats.
AB  - Sodium nitrite administered in the drinking water to Long-Evans rats during
      pregnancy and lactation severely affected erythropoietic development, growth, and
      mortality in their offspring. Pregnant rats were maintained throughout gestation
      on 0.5, 1, 2, or 3 g NaNO2/liter. There were no significant differences between
      treated and control litters at birth. Thereafter, pups of treated dams on 2 and 3
      g NaNO2/liter gained less weight, progressively became severely anemic, and began
      to die by the third week postpartum. By the second week postpartum, hemoglobin
      levels, RBC counts, and mean corpuscular volumes of these pups were all
      drastically reduced compared to controls. Blood smears showed marked anisocytosis
      and hypochromasia. Gross chylous serum lipemia and fatty liver degeneration were
      noted. Histopathology demonstrated cytoplasmic vacuolization of centrilobular
      hepatocytes and decreased hematopoiesis in bone marrow and spleen. Administration
      of 1 g NaNO2/liter resulted in hematological effects but did not affect growth or
      mortality. NaNO2 (0.5 g/liter) was at or near the no observed effect level. Cross
      fostering indicated that treatment during the lactational period was more
      instrumental in producing lesions than treatment during the gestational period.
      The data presented are consistent with the lactational induction of severe iron
      deficiency in the neonate.

PMID- 3692024
TI  - A two-generation reproduction study with monochlorobenzene vapor in rats.
AB  - Groups of 30 male and 30 female Sprague-Dawley CD rats, designated as the F0
      generation, were exposed to vapor of monochlorobenzene (MCB) at target
      concentrations of 0, 50, 150, or 450 ppm for 10 weeks prior to mating and during
      mating, gestation, and lactation. The progeny of the F0 generation was designated
      as the F1 generation and groups of 30 male and 30 female F1 animals were exposed
      to the same concentrations of MCB as the F0 parents. Exposure of F1 animals was
      initiated 1 week postweaning and lasted 11 weeks prior to mating and through
      mating, gestation, and lactation. All F2 pups were observed through weaning at
      which time they were killed. Observations made during the study included body
      weights, food consumption, mating and fertility indices, pup and litter survival
      indices, and histopathology of selected tissues. No mortality was observed during
      the course of this study. Body weights and food consumption for all treated
      groups were comparable to controls during the growth period. Maternal body weight
      data during gestation and lactation were also comparable between the control and
      treated groups. Mating and fertility indices for males and females for both
      generations appeared unaffected by treatment. Pup and litter survival indices for
      all treated groups were comparable to those of controls. Hepatocellular
      hypertrophy and renal changes (tubular dilation with eosinophilic material,
      interstitial nephritis, and foci of regenerative epithelium) were observed among
      F0 and F1 male rats exposed to 150 and 450 ppm MCB.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3692025
TI  - The stathmokinetic and morphological response of the hamster respiratory
      epithelium to intralaryngeal instillations of saline and ferric oxide in saline.
AB  - Ferric oxide (Fe2O3) and saline, substances which enhance lung tumor development
      when intratracheally instilled with certain carcinogens, were studied for their
      effects on respiratory epithelial cell proliferation in Syrian golden hamsters.
      Groups of hamsters were given intralaryngeal instillations of 0.2 ml saline or 3
      mg Fe2O3 in 0.2 ml saline (Fe2O3-saline) once a week for 5, 10, or 15 weeks; an
      additional group of hamsters received a single Fe2O3-saline instillation.
      Epithelial mitotic rates (MR, 6 hr colchicine blockade) for the midtrachea, left
      intrapulmonary bronchus, and left lung bronchioles were determined 32 hr after
      the last instillation for each group. No change in the MR was seen at any airway
      level for any of the saline-treated groups. There was also no change in the MR of
      the trachea or bronchus for any of the groups treated with Fe2O3-saline. The MR
      of the bronchioles was increased after 5 instillations of Fe2O3-saline. Fe2O3
      saline instillations also caused bronchioloalveolar hyperplasia (BAH) to develop
      by 5 instillations, but after 10 and 15 treatments BAH was less prominent. These
      data indicate that intralaryngeal Fe2O3-saline instillations result in focal cell
      injury followed by proliferation in the distal airways, but multiple long-term
      treatments produce an adaptive response of the respiratory epithelium.

PMID- 3692026
TI  - Glutathione protection against irreversible binding of diethylstilbestrol in the
      hamster renal cortex.
AB  - Hamster renal cortical slices bioactivated the synthetic estrogen,
      diethylstilbestrol (DES), to reactive metabolites that bound irreversibly to
      cellular proteins. Incubation of the slices for 30 min at 37 degrees C with 5 mM
      diethyl maleate prior to the addition of 50 nM [3H]DES for 60 min increased the
      nonextractable binding of [3H]DES metabolites to cellular protein by 150%,
      whereas addition of 5 mM glutathione (GSH) decreased the irreversible binding of
      [3H]DES by 17%. The addition of the 5 mM GSH to the incubation medium caused a
      24% increase in tissue nonprotein sulfhydryl (NP-SH) content as estimated by
      reaction with Ellman's reagent after 30 min at 37 degrees C, while the addition
      of diethyl maleate for the same time period depleted tissue NP-SH levels by 54%.
      Kidneys from hamsters treated with the GSH synthesis inhibitor L-buthionine-(S,R)
      sulfoximine at a dosage of 1 mmol/kg body wt for 2 hr had 45% of the NP-SH
      content as compared with kidneys of saline-treated controls. The irreversible
      binding of [3H]DES metabolites was increased by 60% in renal cortical slices from
      L-buthionine sulfoximine-treated hamsters. Non-extractable binding of [3H]DES
      metabolites to renal DNA was not observed. These results suggest that GSH, the
      predominate NP-SH in the cell, protects against the irreversible binding of DES
      metabolites to cellular macromolecules.

PMID- 3692027
TI  - Altered menstrual cycles in rhesus monkeys induced by lead.
AB  - Adult, female rhesus monkeys ingested lead daily for three 1-year exposures over
      a 5-year period followed by chronic lead intake for 3 additional, consecutive
      years. Lead was administered as lead acetate in the drinking water at levels
      producing average circulating concentrations of lead between 44 and 89
      micrograms/100 ml and zinc protoporphyrin concentrations between 87 and 105
      micrograms/100 ml. The monkeys were without overt signs of lead toxicity at all
      times; i.e., appetite, body weight, and hematocrit levels were normal. Menstrual
      cycles were altered by lead. During the last 2 years of exposure, the lead
      treated monkeys had less frequent cycles, longer and more variable intercycle
      intervals, and fewer days of vaginal bleeding than controls. These differences
      were not due to seasonal artifacts or differences in exposure to environmental
      influences such as light or diet. Further, historical data indicated that cycles
      were normal for the treated monkeys prior to exposure to lead and that three of
      four cycle characteristics remained normal during the first lead exposures.
      Duration of vaginal bleeding was initially attenuated by lead but returned to
      normal when lead intake was discontinued between exposures. In contrast, the
      effects of lead observed during the later years of exposure remained apparent 1
      year following termination of lead ingestion. These results suggest that
      persistent alterations of the menstrual cycle and perhaps premature menopause
      resulted from prolonged exposure to lead at levels which produced no obvious
      signs or symptoms of toxicosis.

PMID- 3692028
TI  - Metabolism and excretion of gallium arsenide and arsenic oxides by hamsters
      following intratracheal instillation.
AB  - The increasing use of gallium arsenide (GaAs) in the electronics industry has
      produced the need for pharmacokinetic and toxicologic data on GaAs. The
      disposition in male Syrian golden hamsters (n = 4) following intratracheal
      instillation of GaAs (mean volume diameter 5.8 micron), arsenic (III) oxide
      (arsenite), and arsenic (V) oxide (arsenate) at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight was
      examined. Blood, kidney, liver, and lung samples were collected at 1, 2, and 4
      days after administration. Excreta were collected daily. Urinary metabolite
      profiles were determined after separation on a mixed anion-cation-exchange
      column. Total As content was analyzed by direct hydride flame atomic absorption
      spectrophotometry after digestion. Arsenic blood levels after GaAs, arsenite, and
      arsenate administration were 0.185 +/- 0.041, 0.596 +/- 0.117, and 0.310 +/-
      0.045 ppm, respectively, after Day 1. Arsenic blood levels after GaAs
      administration increased to 0.279 +/- 0.021 ppm on Day 2 indicating continued
      absorption while levels decreased for the arsenite and arsenate groups. At Day 1
      the liver contained 0.565 +/- 0.036, 2.62 +/- 0.26, and 0.579 +/- 0.144% of the
      arsenic dose of GaAs, arsenite, and arsenate, respectively. The arsenite and
      arsenate were rapidly excreted in the urine with almost half the dose appearing
      after 4 days; in contrast, only about 5% of the GaAs was found at the
      corresponding time. Total recoveries, as arsenic equivalents, for the three
      compounds were between 75 and 80%. Ratios of the two major urinary metabolites
      (dimethylarsinic acid/total inorganic As species) were 1.41, 1.71, and 0.983 for
      GaAs, arsenite, and arsenate, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3692029
TI  - Biochemical and cytologic alterations in the respiratory tract of rats exposed
      for 4 hours to hydrogen sulfide.
AB  - Fischer-344 rats were killed by exsanguination 1, 20, and 44 hr after a single 4
      hr exposure to an atmosphere of 0, 10, 200, and 400 ppm of hydrogen sulfide
      (H2S). Alterations in the activities of lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline
      phosphatase, and cytomorphology of epithelial cells in fluids obtained by nasal
      and bronchoalveolar lavage were used as indicators of cell injury. Changes in the
      number of leukocytes were used as indicators of inflammatory response, and
      changes in the concentration of protein were used as indicators of altered
      vascular permeability. Inhalation of H2S resulted in 139, 483, and 817% increased
      cellularity in the nasal cavity of rats exposed to 10, 200, and 400 ppm,
      respectively. This was due to marked exfoliation of degenerated epithelial cells
      and exudation of neutrophils. The high dose of H2S resulted in a moderate
      increase in lactate dehydrogenase and protein in nasal passages; values returned
      to baseline levels 20 hr later. Bronchoalveolar cell counts were decreased in
      rats exposed to 400 ppm and unchanged in those exposed to 10 and 200 ppm.
      Enzymatic activities in lung lavage fluid were moderately elevated (up to 90%),
      yet protein concentrations were increased by more than 3000% and remained
      significantly elevated up to 44 hr after exposure to 400 ppm. It was concluded
      that inhalation of H2S has a severe cytotoxic effect on the nasal epithelium and
      a severe edematogenic effect on lung parenchyma. These results are in agreement
      with autopsy findings of individuals killed by accidental exposure to H2S
      containing sour gas.

PMID- 3692030
TI  - Male reproductive assessment of the rubber accelerator N-oxydiethylene
      thiocarbamyl-N-oxydiethylene sulfenamide in rats.
AB  - The rubber accelerator N-oxydiethylene thiocarbamyl-N-oxydiethylene sulfenamide
      (OTOS) was evaluated to determine its potential to cause reproductive effects. No
      evidence of a compound-related effect on mating, fertility, gestation length,
      number of implants or live births, pup growth, and survival was observed using
      Sprague-Dawley rats. Furthermore, light and electron microscopy of the testes
      from the high-dose males failed to reveal any morphological changes compared to
      the controls. Groups of 12 male Sprague-Dawley rats were continuously
      administered diets containing 0, 60, 200, or 600 ppm OTOS for 12 weeks. Following
      56 days of exposure, the males were subsequently cohoused nightly with two
      females for a maximum of 21 days. During this mating period, males continued to
      receive control and OTOS-containing diets; however, feeders were removed for
      nightly cohabitation. Although a 4 to 8% reduction in body weight was observed in
      the 600 ppm animals, statistical significance was reached only at the end of the
      first week of treatment. In the 60 and 200 ppm males body weights generally were
      slightly elevated compared to the control, with the 60 ppm body weights showing
      statistically significant differences during Weeks 5 to 7 of exposure.

PMID- 3692031
TI  - Acute and 2-week inhalation toxicity studies on aerosols of selected ethylene
      oxide/propylene oxide polymers in rats.
AB  - The ethylene oxide/propylene oxide (EO/PO) polymers evaluated in this study have
      previously been shown to have a low order of toxicity and/or irritancy by ocular,
      dermal, or oral routes of administration. These studies evaluated the acute
      inhalation toxicity of respirable aerosols of three EO/PO compounds (U-660, U
      2000, and U-5100) that differ in chain length, molecular weight, and viscosity.
      The respective 4-hr LC50 values (95% confidence limits) for U-660, U-2000, and U
      5100 in Wistar albino rats were 4670 (4090-5320), 330 (227-480), and 106 (45-245)
      mg/m3. Occasionally, slight increases in respiration rate and slight
      hyperactivity were observed during the postexposure period. All deaths were
      delayed for 2-5 days postexposure. Body weight gains were transiently depressed
      in rats exposed to U-2000 and U-5100. Discolored lungs and livers occurred in
      animals which died during the 14-day postexposure period. Subsequently, a
      repeated-exposure study was conducted on U-5100 in F-344 rats exposed for 6
      hr/day, 5 days/week, for 9 exposures at mean concentrations of 0, 5, 26, and 50
      mg/m3. Portions of the control and 50 mg/m3 groups were maintained for an
      additional 2-week recovery period. Exposure-related effects included transient
      urogenital wetness in 50 mg/m3 group females; decreased body weight gain (7-29%)
      in all U-5100 groups except the 5 mg/m3 group females; increases in absolute (17
      52%) and relative lung weights in all U-5100 groups; macroscopic red foci in the
      lungs; and microscopic findings of congestion and hemorrhage of pulmonary
      alveolar capillaries and necrosis of alveolar epithelial cells. Lung weights
      remained elevated after the 2-week recovery period, but the severity of the
      microscopic lesions was noticeably less, indicating partial reversibility of the
      lesions. In conclusion, EO/PO polymers have a higher order of toxicity by
      inhalation in comparison to other routes of administration, vary considerably in
      their acute lethal toxicity as a function of chain length/molecular weight, and
      induce pulmonary hemorrhage, and possibly edema, following repeated aerosol
      exposures at concentrations as low as 5 mg/m3.

PMID- 3692032
TI  - Toxicity of aluminum exposure to the neonatal and immature rabbit.
AB  - To assess aluminum toxicity to the neonatal and immature rabbit, rabbits received
      20 sc Al lactate injections of 0 or 400 mumol Al/kg during the first month
      postpartum or 0, 25, 100, or 400 mumol Al/kg during the second month postpartum.
      Results were compared to studies in which pregnant, lactating, or adult rabbits
      received comparable Al injections. Aluminum injections to neonatal rabbits
      decreased milk consumption, but not as severely as seen in neonatal rabbits of
      does receiving Al during gestation or lactation. Reduction in body weight gain
      was greater in adult rabbits than in any group of rabbits exposed to Al at a
      younger age. Increased carpal joint width, suggestive of poor bone calcification,
      was observed in rabbits receiving 400 mumol Al injections during the second
      postnatal month, but not in any other Al-exposed group. Tissue Al accumulation,
      particularly in reticuloendothelial organs, the kidney and skeletal system, seems
      to be most pronounced in adult rabbits. Clearance of Al from these tissues is
      extremely slow. Learning and memory changes were not observed after Al treatment
      of neonatal and immature rabbits, compared to the biphasic effect (enhancement
      after low doses, attenuation after high doses) seen in gestationally exposed
      rabbits and the attenuation observed in adult rabbits. Taken together, these
      results demonstrate prolonged effects of reduced body weight, impairment of bone
      formation, and tissue Al accumulation following Al exposure that are not readily
      reversed with termination of exposure. The results show that the immature rabbit
      is most susceptible to Al-induced skeletal toxicity and the mature rabbit most
      susceptible to Al-induced behavioral toxicity.

PMID- 3692034
TI  - Evaluation of provider continuity in primary care: actual versus random and
      potential continuity.
AB  - Continuity of care is an important factor in the quality of primary care.
      Unfortunately there is no common view about its definition, measurement,
      determinants or relationship to outcome. Using a visit-based approach to the
      measurement of continuity, the present study examines the effects of
      organizational changes, including the introduction of a new appointment system,
      on physician continuity at a Swedish primary health care centre. This allows the
      concepts of random and potential continuity to be introduced, providing norms
      against which the achieved levels of actual continuity can be rated. The results
      show that the actual physician continuity, although not particularly high, was
      considerably higher than what could be expected according to chance alone (random
      continuity). Moreover, actual continuity did appear to increase after the
      organizational changes were implemented--absolutely as well as in relation to
      potential continuity. The importance of reducing the mobility of physicians is
      emphasized in order to further improve the situation.

PMID- 3692033
TI  - Dermal oncogenicity studies on various ethyleneamines in male C3H mice.
AB  - The dermal oncogenic potential of diethylenetriamine, high purity and commercial
      grades (DETA-HP and DE-TA-C), triethylenetetramine (TETA), tetraethylenepentamine
      (TEPA), and polyamine HPA No. 2 was assessed by applying 25-microliter aliquots
      of aqueous solutions to the skin of groups of 50 male C3H/HeJ mice. The
      concentrations applied were 5.0, 5.0, 5.0, 25.0, and 10.0% by volume for DETA-HP,
      DETA-C, TETA, TEPA, and HPA No. 2, respectively. Applications were made thrice
      weekly until the death of the animals. A negative control group received
      deionized water (solvent) only. All animals were individually housed. No
      treatment-related skin tumors were observed, nor was there evidence of increased
      incidence of any internal tumor. Twenty TEPA-treated mice had hyperkeratosis and
      13 had necrosis of the epidermis, both indicative of skin irritation. Such
      lesions were absent or occurred very infrequently in the other groups of mice.
      The mean survival times were 587, 662, 627, 591, 601, and 626 days for the DETA
      HP, DETA-C, TETA, TEPA, HPA No. 2, and water control groups, respectively. In no
      case was the mortality rate significantly different from that of the controls.
      The results indicate that none of these compounds was oncogenic under the
      conditions of these studies.

PMID- 3692035
TI  - Local cooperation between a health centre and a social services department: seven
      years' experience.
AB  - For seven years a health centre and the local social services department have
      worked in close cooperation in a small immigrant town in Israel. A detailed
      analysis is provided of the content of this cooperation which included area
      teams, a health centre social worker, group work with patients, health-related
      community work, inter-agency meetings and directors' meetings. The process of
      learning how to work together is put in the context of the different needs and
      expectations of the two agencies and of the community. Our experience is
      discussed briefly in the light of broader theoretical considerations from the
      literature.

PMID- 3692036
TI  - The psychosocial impact of mass screening for cardiovascular risk factors.
AB  - In Leek, a small town in the north of the Netherlands, 428 men aged between 30-33
      years were invited to take part in a screening test for cardiovascular risk
      factors. Questionnaires were sent to the 267 men who had participated in the
      screening test as well as to the 161 non-participants, in order to gain an
      insight into the participatory behaviour and the experience of those involved.
      The non-participants gave a diversity of motives for not taking part but did not
      admit to anxiety about finding abnormal results. More than half of the
      participants who replied (51%, n = 107) were found to have an 'abnormality'--that
      is they scored on one or more of cigarette smoking, overweight, hypertension,
      hyperlipoproteinaemia, albuminuna or glucosuria. The supplementary information
      provided on nutrition and smoking caused a large proportion of them to claim they
      had changed to a more healthy life-style after the screening test. Those who were
      under the impression that they had led healthy lives but were still found to have
      an 'abnormality' were often very astonished and sometimes worried about the
      result. The men without 'abnormalities' did not lead significantly healthier
      lives than the rest in terms of exercise, smoking, diet and so on; for them the
      result might have a 'certificate of health' effect justifying their not always
      healthy behaviour.

PMID- 3692037
TI  - Impact of a screening family genogram on first encounters in primary care.
AB  - The family genogram is generally used when the clinical situation suggests that a
      family assessment is warranted. Owing to the prevalence of psychosocial problems
      in primary care, a screening genogram that is administered to patients routinely
      may have a significant impact on the care provided by clinicians. A randomized
      controlled trial was conducted to determine the influence of screening genograms
      on patients' initial visits to primary care physicians. The genograms captured
      more information about family structure, major life events, repetitive illnesses,
      and family relationships than did the physicians on their own. Nevertheless, the
      experimental and control groups were no different on the dependent variables:
      physician exploration of family issues, request for interviews with other family
      members and counseling or referral because of emotional problems. Although the
      power of the study alone could account for the lack of significant results,
      several other methodological issues, especially contamination of the control
      group, could have contributed to the negative results. The results of this study
      are similar to those of other psychosocial screening studies using similar
      designs. Hence, additional studies using alternative research protocols are
      indicated before rejecting the usefulness of screening genograms in primary care.

PMID- 3692038
TI  - Can myocardial infarction induce positive changes in family relationships?
AB  - Eighty-four male patients with a mean age of 56.4 years (range 34 to 65 years)
      were subjected to a semi-structured interview 12-21 weeks after acute myocardial
      infarction in order to elucidate possible positive changes in family or spouse
      relationships induced by or following on from the disease. There were appreciable
      positive alterations in the love and caring domains and in communication,
      especially in those patients (one third of the total) who considered their total
      life situation to be improved after the myocardial infarction. A majority of the
      patients judged their family's adaptation to the myocardial infarction as good.
      The authors argue that it is important to discover, and reinforce, possible
      positive changes within the family after a myocardial infarction in one of its
      members and not merely to focus on negative effects.

PMID- 3692039
TI  - Outcomes following continuing medical education on flexible sigmoidoscopy.
AB  - Ninety-four out of 114 physicians who took part in a continuing medical education
      course on flexible sigmoidoscopy were contacted 12 to 18 months later. Ninety per
      cent (85) were now using flexible sigmoidoscopy in their office practice.
      Complete demographic and procedure-outcome information (number of procedures
      performed, average depth of insertion, time required for procedure,
      complications) was acquired from 78 of these physicians. Using a randomly chosen
      comparison group of 87 physicians matched for sex and specialty, the likelihood
      of similar continuing medical education during the study period was obtained.
      Thirty-two physicians had obtained this training and 69% (22 of 32) currently
      used flexible sigmoidoscopy. Utilization of the method was 9% (four of 45) among
      physicians who had not obtained this continuing education. Continuing medical
      education was significantly associated (P less than 0.05) with the acquisition
      and utilization of flexible sigmoidoscopy. The study group reported 5467
      procedures, resulting in one bowel perforation. The utilization of sigmoidoscopy
      in primary care was significantly greater (P less than 0.05) in the post
      continuing education period. After 10 to 20 procedures, insertion depths and
      procedure times were similar to those reported in other published primary care
      series.

PMID- 3692040
TI  - Family practice research: quantity and quality.

PMID- 3692041
TI  - [Neuronal correlates of word processing. II. The general characteristics of
      evoked changes in the discharge frequency of neuronal populations during verbal
      mnemonic activities].

PMID- 3692042
TI  - [Neurophysiological correlates of sleep disorders. II. The dynamic bioelectrical
      activity of deep cerebral formations and the cortex in patients with various
      sleep disorders].

PMID- 3692043
TI  - [Neurophysiological correlates of sleep disorders. III. The dynamics of superslow
      physiological processes during sleep in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and
      its disorders].

PMID- 3692044
TI  - [Characteristics of visual evoked potentials in various brain areas depending on
      the intensity of the burst (based on integrated amplitude parameters). II.
      Research on epilepsy patients].

PMID- 3692045
TI  - [Temporal characteristics of the recognition of objective images with filtration
      of high spatial frequencies].

PMID- 3692046
TI  - [Features underlying differences in textural images].

PMID- 3692047
TI  - [Interpretation of discrete phenomena as continuous in the visual system].

PMID- 3692048
TI  - [The biorhythms of binocular vision].

PMID- 3692049
TI  - [Perception of sequences made up of [a]-impulses and [i]-impulses. I. Effect of
      the sequential structure].

PMID- 3692050
TI  - [Characteristics of the auditory spectral diffraction essential for
      distinguishing soft vowels from fricative consonants in perception].

PMID- 3692051
TI  - [Productivity and rhythm-dependent characteristics of the cardiac output of
      newborn infants].

PMID- 3692052
TI  - [Interrelation of the physiological functions (based on the parameters of
      envelope-integrated EMG and of the heart contraction rate) during human
      activities under exogenous and endogenous influences].

PMID- 3692053
TI  - [Patterns in the long-term body adaptation of the athlete to physical loads].

PMID- 3692054
TI  - [Systemic physiological effects in the cardiac synchronization of breathing].

PMID- 3692055
TI  - [Typological analysis of the hemostatic system of healthy persons based on data
      of the local hypoxia test].

PMID- 3692056
TI  - [Characteristics of the development and compensation of secondary tissue hypoxia
      during muscular activity].

PMID- 3692058
TI  - [Statistical comparison of the biophysical characteristics of biologically active
      points in healthy subjects and in various groups of patients].

PMID- 3692057
TI  - [Functional approach to assessing human immune status (the use of loading tests
      for diagnosing immunological deficiency)].

PMID- 3692059
TI  - [Dynamics of the sensorimotor and mental activities during adaptation to hypoxic
      hypoxia and to submaximal physical loads].

PMID- 3692060
TI  - [Individual differences in the effect of hyperthermia on the quality of visual
      motor control of muscle strength].

PMID- 3692061
TI  - [Characteristics of heart rhythm regulation in students at various levels of
      motor activity].

PMID- 3692062
TI  - [A method for optimizing physical activity].

PMID- 3692063
TI  - [A method for detecting changes in the functional status of the human operator].

PMID- 3692064
TI  - [Semiautomatic processing of impulse sequences from motor units].

PMID- 3692065
TI  - [Endoscopic laser therapy of inoperable carcinoma of the esophagus].

PMID- 3692066
TI  - [A case of Corynebacterium pseudodiphteriticum (hofmannii) endocarditis].

PMID- 3692067
TI  - [Celiac disease. Clinical case].

PMID- 3692068
TI  - Pulmonary hypertension in severe aortic stenosis. Incidence, mechanisms, clinical
      and surgical implications.
AB  - Pulmonary arterial hypertension in aortic stenosis (AS) is considered uncommon,
      and the possible mechanisms involved in its insorgence are only speculative. We
      analyzed a group of 95 patients with severe AS (mean systolic gradient greater
      than or equal to 50 mmHg and/or aortic valve area less than or equal to 0.7 cm2)
      studied by standard hemodynamic techniques. In the study group the incidence of
      pulmonary hypertension was 50.5%. We divided the overall population in: Group I
      (47 patients), with systolic pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) less than or equal
      to 30 mmHg; Group II (33 patients), with moderate hypertension (PAP 31-50 mmHg);
      Group III (15 patients), with severe hypertension (PAP greater than 50 mmHg).
      Subjects with pulmonary hypertension were slightly older, and had more severe
      obstruction to left ventricular (LV) outflow. Impairment of LV diastolic function
      in the presence of pulmonary hypertension was expressed by a highly significant
      increase of LV end-diastolic pressure (p less than .001); reduced ejection
      performance was represented by a significant decrease of ejection fraction (p
      less than .01). Pulmonary vascular resistances also appeared to be increased. The
      correlation between variables showed PAP to be strongly correlated in a positive
      way to the LV end-diastolic pressure, and in an inverse way to the LV systolic
      performance (p less than .001 for both). Less striking was the correlation of
      pulmonary vascular resistances to LV diastolic and systolic function: a reactive
      and reversible vasoconstriction seemed likely. Surgery was not performed in 8 of
      the 95 patients: 5 of them died shortly after diagnosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3692069
TI  - [Changes in sinus function at rest and during physical exertion after permanent
      atrial electrostimulation in patients with sick sinus syndrome].
AB  - We studied the unnatural history of sinus node function in severe sick sinus
      syndrome treated with AAI or DDD pacemakers. In 19 patients (10 m; 9 f; mean age
      +/- 1 SD 69 +/- 7 years) we executed serial bicycle exercise tests and
      electrophysiological studies before, 7 days and 3 months after pacemaker implant.
      Sinus heart rate at maximum effort was: 118 +/- 23 beats/min and 117 +/- 23
      beats/min (two different evaluations) before pacemaker implant, 125 +/- 21
      beats/min after 7 days (p less than 0.05) and 133 +/- 20 beats/min after 3 months
      (p less than 0.001) with an average increment of 12.7%. A positive correlation (y
      = 50.4 + 0.7 X beats/min; p less than 0.001) between the first basal test and the
      third month one was found. In analogy exercise test lasted 8.7 +/- 3, 8.6 +/-
      2.8, 9.5 +/- 2.5, 9.7 +/- 2.5 minutes respectively, with an average increment of
      11.5% between the first basal test and the third month one. Sinus heart rate at
      maximum effort in 14 age matched normal subjects was 138 +/- 15 beats/min. The
      difference with sick sinus syndrome patients was statistical (p less than 0.05)
      when compared with the basal test but not with 3rd month test. Parameters
      determined during electrophysiological studies were: spontaneous heart rate,
      corrected sinus node recovery time, sino-atrial conduction time evaluated before
      and after autonomic blockade (propranolol 0.2 mg/kg i.v. plus atropine 0.04 mg/kg
      i.v.). All these parameters, excepting basal corrected sinus node recovery time,
      improved significantly after pacemaker implant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3692070
TI  - [Fibrillation and atrial flutter. Immediate control and conversion to sinus
      rhythm with intravenous propafenone].
AB  - The safety and efficacy of intravenous Propafenone, in the treatment of atrial
      fibrillation (a.f.) or flutter (A.F.) of recent onset (15 days), were assessed.
      Propafenone (2 mg/kg) was administered to 36 consecutive patients (mean age 60.8
      years), 28 with a.f. and 8 with A.F. Nineteen patients (52.7%) reverted to sinus
      rhythm within 85 min (mean 27.2 min): 17 of 28 (60.7%) with a.f. and 2 of 8 (25%)
      with A.F. The efficacy of the drug was significantly influenced by the time
      elapsed from the onset of the arrhythmia: 14/21 (66.6%) patients with the
      arrhythmia lasting less then 48 hours and only 5/15 (33.3%) of those with the
      arrhythmia lasting more than 48 hours or of unknown onset, were converted (p less
      than 0.05). 18 patients underwent echocardiographic control: mean left atrial
      dimensions were 41.4 +/- 11.4 mm in converters and 47.4 +/- 11.2 mm in non
      converters (p = NS). Mean QRS lengthening observed was 16% (from 89 +/- 35.1 to
      103.5 +/- 48.8 msec) (p = NS); QTc interval increased from 390 +/- 64.3 to 403 +/
      36.2 msec (p = NS). Arterial blood pressure showed significant changes only in
      two patients in whom a serious hypotension developed, needing infusion of
      adrenergic drugs. Non converters showed a reduction of the ventricular rate from
      141.8 +/- 29.4/min to 101.8 +/- 18/min (p less than 0.01) meanwhile the shortest
      RR interval increased from 359.5 +/- 60.8 to 450 +/- 81.5 msec (p less than
      0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3692071
TI  - [Non-invasive evaluation with continuous Doppler of the systolic pressure of the
      right ventricle in patients with tricuspid insufficiency].
AB  - Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is detected by Doppler echocardiography in a high
      proportion of patients with right ventricle pressure or volume overload.
      Continuous wave Doppler (CW) provides a noninvasive estimation of the
      transtricuspid systolic pressure gradient, applying the modified Bernoulli
      formula to the maximum velocity of the TR jet. The purpose of this study was to
      test the accuracy of the CW prediction of systolic right ventricular pressure
      (RVPs), obtained adding a clinical estimate of the mean right atrial pressure
      (RAPm) to the Doppler derived pressure gradient. The study population consisted
      of 22 adult patients with Doppler proved TR, undergoing right heart
      catheterization (cath) for mitral valve disease (12 pts), atrial septal defect (8
      pts), dilated cardiomyopathy (1 pt) or pulmonary hypertension (1 pt). Two studies
      were duplicated after nifedipine administration. TR was graded by pulsed Doppler
      flow mapping as mild in 7, moderate in 11, severe in 4 pts. RAPm was estimated
      clinically from the inspection of neck veins pulsatility (mmHg = pulsatility
      cm+5/1.3). At CATH RVPs ranged from 27 to 80 (46 +/- 17) mmHg, RAPm from 0 to 13
      (6 +/- 3) mmHg. RVPs Doppler prediction showed a close correlation with CATH (r
      .97, SEE 4.2 mmHg), with a slight mean underestimation (-2 +/- 4 mmHg) (Fig. 3,
      Tab. I). The discrepancies between CW and CATH ranged from -9 to +10 mmHg, almost
      entirely due to inaccuracy of the RAPm clinical estimate (r .48, see 3.8 mmHg)
      (Fig. 4, Tab. I).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3692072
TI  - [Physiologic limitations of dual chamber stimulators during physical activity].
AB  - Dual chamber DDD pacing is fully physiologic when chronotropic response of sinus
      node to exercise is normal and when retrograde ventriculo-atrial conduction is
      absent. Comparison of results from exercise test with increasing work load showed
      that atrial-triggered ventricular pacing provides a significant functional
      benefit (delta VO2 15%) P less than 0.01, if compared with fixed rate ventricular
      pacing. The benefit is closely related with the amount of sinus rate increase
      during exercise. In patients with sinus node syndrome the atrial triggered
      ventricular pacing rate did not show significant increase during exercise and
      exercise capability was similar to that observed with fixed ventricular pacing.
      Retrograde ventriculo-atrial conduction was observed in 56% of patients with sick
      sinus syndrome and 28% of patients with complete AV block and was the reason for
      endless loop tachycardias (ELTs). ELTs can be eliminated by lengthening atrial
      refractory period (ARP). In patients with ARP greater than or equal to 250 ms
      (47%), mild (8:7, 4:3) or important (2:1) AV block appeared during exercise test,
      with sudden drop of pacing rate and cardiac output at highest work load. Among
      other "physiologic" pacing modes, respiration traced ventricular stimulation
      showed high physiologic sensitivity (90%) and haemodynamic benefit comparable to
      that obtained during dual chamber pacing and without the related disadvantages.

PMID- 3692074
TI  - [Validity of the dynamic exertion test for the diagnosis of arterial
      hypertension. The exertion test in hypertension].
AB  - To assess the role of dynamic stress test in hypertension three normotensive and
      ten borderline or mild hypertensive subjects were studied by means of the
      intraarterial Oxford technique. In all of the subjects the intraarterial
      monitoring lasted for 12 hours; during the recording a graded maximal bicycle
      exercise test was performed. Five patients considered hypertensive on the basis
      of their office blood pressure readings showed normal average 12-hour
      intraarterial recordings. Systolic blood pressure increase during ergometry
      ranged from 22 to 57 mmHg; exertional pressure readings were strictly related to
      average 12 hours intraarterial blood pressure (r = 0.92; p less than 0.001). No
      correlation was found between resting blood pressure and the exertional pressure
      taken with the auscultatory method. These data indicate that the level that blood
      pressure attains during ergometry primarily depends on the resting blood pressure
      values, and therefore do not justified the separation between normo and
      hyperreactive subjects as some authors have done. In conclusion, dynamic exercise
      may be a useful diagnostic test for hypertension but has no predictive value for
      either the development of high blood pressure or the progression from borderline
      to more severe forms of hypertension.

PMID- 3692073
TI  - [Behavior of arterial pressure during sports activity: track running].
AB  - In 6 normotensive and 14 borderline or mild hypertensive runners the
      intraarterial blood pressure (BP) changes determined by a maximal bicycle
      ergometric test and by an exhaustive run performed in outdoor conditions were
      recorded by means of the portable Oxford system. During running systolic BP
      attained higher values than during bicycle ergometry, while diastolic BP
      decreased during running and remained unchanged during ergometry. The highest BP
      values were recorded soon after starting running, then they progressively
      declined to increase once again during the final sprinting. Beat to beat analysis
      of the pressure tracings showed a peculiar pattern of the phasic waves throughout
      the run: continuous cyclic oscillations of pulse pressure were detected, as the
      variations of systolic blood pressure were not paralleled by those of the
      diastolic. The frequency of these rhythmic oscillations varied from 6-7 to 24
      27/minute and was not related to respiration rate. The shape of these
      oscillations prompted us to investigate whether they were due to the "beat"
      phenomenon, that is to the combined effect of two waves with a nearly equal
      frequency. To verify this hypothesis 10 athletes during the run carried around
      the chest a Teruflex container filled with saline. The amplitude of the BP
      changes recorded in the container ranged from +/- 10 to +/- 50 mmHg. They were
      added by means of a computer to the BP tracing recorded during bicycle ergometry.
      The resultant wave was similar to that recorded in the radial artery during
      running.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3692075
TI  - [Acute and chronic effects of verapamil on indices of systolic and diastolic
      function of the left ventricle in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy].
AB  - The aim of this study has been the analysis of acute and chronic effects of
      Verapamil on resting left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function
      indices derived from ECG gated radionuclide Angiocardiography (GRA) in patients
      (pts) affected by Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM). 18 pts with HCM were imaged
      in basal conditions (twice in two different days) and after i.v. infusion of
      Verapamil 0.1 mg/kg (1st acute test); than chronic oral treatment of Verapamil
      (240 mg/die) was started. Three months later 14 pts were studied again, during
      oral chronic therapy and after a second administration of Verapamil i.v. 0.1
      mg/kg (2nd acute test). After acute infusion we observed a significant increase
      of the peak filling rate (PFR) (from 3.3 +/- 0.9 to 3.51 +/- 0.71 EDV/sec, P less
      than 0.01) and a shortening of the time to PFR (from 188.1 +/- 24.9 to 165 +/- 30
      msec, P less than 0.005). No significant variations of the contribution of atrial
      systole to the ventricular filling (AS) (from 17.03 +/- 5.96 to 18.15 +/- 6.91%),
      of the heart rate (from 70 +/- 12 to 69 +/- 12 bat/min), and of systolic function
      indices, ejection fraction (EF) (from 74.4 +/- 9.7 to 74.30 +/- 10.02), peak
      ejection rate (ER) (from 4.17 +/- 0.92 to 4.10 +/- 0.9), ejection time (ET) (from
      307.4 +/- 46.4 to 322.22 +/- 48.6) were noticed. After chronic oral therapy we
      observed a significant shortening of the time to PFR (from 197.5 +/- 16.7 to
      182.8 +/- 13.7 msec, P 0.01), while the remaining indices of diastolic function
      we analyzed (PFR from 3.2 +/- 0.6 to 3.3 +/- 0.8 EDV/sec; AS from 17.1 +/- 4.9 to
      17.1 +/- 6.6%), the systolic function indices (EF from 74.4 +/- 10.5 to 75.4 +/-
      9.4%; ER from 4.2 +/- 0.8 to 4.2 +/- 0.6 EDV/sec; ET from 309.6 +/- 48.5 to 308.9
      +/- 40.5 msec) and the heart rate (from 67.7 +/- 8 to 66 +/- 8) were not
      modified. If a 30 msec time to PFR variation was considered significative
      (confidence limit of 95% between absolute changes measured on two basal studies)
      the 1st acute test was predictive of chronic efficacy in 10/14 (71%) pts. Four of
      five pts in which a shortening of TTPFR was observed during the 2nd acute test,
      showed the same effect with a higher chronic dose of Verapamil (360 mg/die). Our
      results suggest that Verapamil after acute or chronic treatment improves
      diastolic filling of LV, without worsening systolic indices.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3692076
TI  - [Identification using thoracic electromapping of patients with sustained
      postinfarct ventricular tachycardia. Preliminary results of a new method of
      analysis of ST-T isoarea maps].
AB  - Recent studies have demonstrated that body surface maps (BSM) can be employed as
      non-invasive diagnostic tool for recognizing cardiac states at risk for
      repetitive ventricular arrhythmias in patients (pts) with old infarction. Our
      study reports preliminary results of a new method of statistical analysis of ST-T
      isoarea maps for identifying patients with post-infarction sustained ventricular
      tachycardia. 38 pts with previous myocardial infarction have been studied, 25
      without and 13 with sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT). The two groups of pts
      did not differ significantly for age, site of infarction and ejection fraction.
      BSM have been recorded by means of an automated 35-channels instrument from 140
      thoracic leads. For each lead ST-T deflection area has been calculated in
      microV.sec and taken as input variables for stepwise discriminant analysis which
      allowed identification of the integral values significantly discriminant (for F
      less than 0.15) between the two groups. Canonical analysis has been applied to
      identified values to obtain, by canonical coefficients, linear combination of the
      values for the highest correlation with the two groups of pts. To test the power
      of the method, the two groups of pts have been divided randomly in a learning set
      (17 pts without and 9 pts with VT) and a test set (8 pts without and 4 pts with
      VT).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3692077
TI  - [Intracavitary and parietal cardiac measurement with nuclear magnetic resonance:
      comparison with echocardiography in healthy volunteers].
AB  - For quantitative evaluation of cardiac dimensions by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
      (NMR), we compared the values obtained by ECG gated NMR with those obtained by
      two-dimensional echocardiography (2D-echo) in 18 adult healthy volunteers aged 20
      40 years (mean 31.6 +/- 5.8). NMR was performed using a 2 T super-conducting
      magnet operating at 0.5 T with a radiofrequency impulse of 21 MHz. Spin-echo
      pulse sequences with echo-delay times (TEs) of 30-45 msec were used for data
      acquisition. The interpulse interval was obtained from the R-R interval on the
      ECG. Slice thickness was set at 1 cm. To obtain planes oriented along the long
      axis of the left ventricle similar to 2D-echo, paraxial planes were obtained by
      double angulation. No significant differences of mean values obtained by NMR and
      2D-echo were observed. Regression coefficients were not statistically different
      from 1 for any of the structures measured: left atrium (y = 1.106x), aorta (y =
      1.077x), left ventricle (y = 0.66x), interventricular septum (y = x 1.009x),
      postero-lateral wall of the left ventricle (y = 1.133x), right ventricle (y =
      1.093x). However high coefficients of variation were found for measurement of
      postero lateral wall (79.5) and interventricular septum (41.4) thicknesses;
      potential causative factors are discussed.

PMID- 3692078
TI  - [Changed diastolic function at rest in patients with perfusion defects in
      exertion myocardial scintigraphy with TI-201].
AB  - Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy with TI-201 after exercise allows distinction
      between areas of scar (irreversible defect) and areas of ischemia (reversible
      defects). Accordingly 4 major groups of patients can be identified: with normal
      perfusion pattern (Group I); with reversible ischemia (Group II); with scar of
      previous myocardial infarction (Group III); with both evidence of scar and
      ischemia (Group IV). Sixty-nine patients (59 m; 10 f; mean age 55.7 +/- 9 years)
      with suspected or demonstrated ischemic heart disease underwent stress TI-201
      myocardial scintigraphy and on the basis of the scintigraphic results were
      assigned as follows: 11 to group 1, 14 to group II, 31 to group III and 13 to
      group IV. In order to investigate the behaviour of ventricular diastolic function
      in these different subsets, all the patients underwent subsequently a
      radionuclide angiography at rest (both first pass and equilibrium gated blood
      pool studies), which allowed the assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction
      (EF), peak filling rate (PFR)--as expression of diastolic function--and regional
      wall motion pattern. The values of EF and PFR were significantly reduced (p less
      than 0.05) in the patients with defects of perfusion (Groups II, III and IV) in
      comparison to the patients with normal perfusion (Group I); abnormal wall motion
      was found in 0 (I), 8 (II), 22 (III) and 7 (IV) patients. The diastolic function
      was more frequently altered (PFR less than 2.5 EDV/sec) than the systolic
      function (EF less than 50%) or regional wall motion, mainly in patients with
      reversible scintigraphic defects (prevalence of alterations in the groups II and
      IV: PFR: 78%, EF: 22%, abnormal wall motion: 56%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3692079
TI  - [Defects of the interatrial septum: surgical correction without the hemodynamic
      test. Analysis of 145 cases operated on].
AB  - Surgical correction of ostium secundum atrial septal defects may be performed, in
      most cases, without cardiac catheterization, on the ground of clinical and two
      dimensional echocardiographic (2D echo) findings. Consequently it's useful to
      identify the reliability of 2D echo and the indications for angiography in these
      patients (pts). One hundred forty-five patients operated in "A. De Gasperis"
      Division of Cardiac Surgery in Milan from January 1982 to December 1986 are
      reviewed. Patients with ostium primum atrial septal defects or subjected to
      cardiac catheterization and angiography in other institutions are excluded.
      Altogether two-dimensional echocardiography was performed in 131 pts, cardiac
      catheterization in 78. Sixty-four pts were studied with both 2D echo and
      angiography. In 35 pts (with only 2D echo examination) radionuclide
      angiocardiography was performed. The results of the different techniques were
      compared with intra-operative findings, defining sensitivity and specificity in
      relation to detection of the site of the defect and of the pulmonary venous
      return. There were no statistically significative differences between echo 2D and
      cardiac catheterization (Figs. 1 and 2). Two-dimensional echocardiography
      confirms its cost effective and psychological advantages, especially in younger
      patients. Hemodynamic and angiographic assessment should be performed as follows:
      1) when associated anomalies are suspected; 2) in cases of non-satisfying quality
      of the 2D echo examination; 3) when diagnostic incoherence between clinical and
      instrumental data is present; 4) in patients with pulmonary hypertension.

PMID- 3692080
TI  - Physiological, pharmacological and pathological factors affecting the
      pharmacokinetics of calcium entry blockers.

PMID- 3692081
TI  - [Another case of juvenile sudden death caused by anomalous origin of the right
      coronary from the left anterior sinus of Valsalva].
AB  - A second case of sudden death during athletic activity, due to anomalous origin
      of the right coronary artery from the left anterior sinus of Valsalva, is
      presented. Post-mortem examination disclosed widespread myocardiosclerosis
      involving the subepicardial layers of the posterior wall of the left ventricle.
      Submaximal exercise testing had been performed to evaluate the presence of a
      ventricular extrasystole on a basal ECG, but no significant ischemic alterations
      of the ST tract had been detected. This case proposes once again the
      uncertainties regarding the diagnostic sensitivity of the protocols for
      competitive sport fitness in revealing latent chronic ischemia.

PMID- 3692084
TI  - Oxford industries, practitioner team up. Interview by Charlene M Hanson.

PMID- 3692082
TI  - [Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated with Noonan's syndrome and membranous
      aortic subvalvular stenosis associated with Turner's syndrome. Report of 2
      clinical cases].
AB  - Cardiovascular anomalies are found in 50% of the cases of Turner's and Noonan's
      syndromes-diseases with the same phenotype but with a different genotype. In the
      former, the most common congenital heart diseases are aortic coarctation (30%)
      and bicuspid aortic valve (34%), while in the latter they are pulmonary valvular
      stenosis (60%), interatrial septal defect (25%) and obstructive or non
      obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (17%). We have described two cases,
      respectively of Noonan's and Turner's syndrome. The prominent features of the
      first case are the transmission of the syndrome on the male line, since father
      and son--the latter being our patient--are affected with the same syndrome, and
      the occurrence of a non obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy involving both
      the ventricles, a situation not yet described in Noonan's syndrome. A subvalvular
      membranous aortic stenosis has instead been found in our patient with Turner's
      syndrome: this cardiac anomaly has never been described within the aforementioned
      syndrome in medical literature.

PMID- 3692085
TI  - Nursing research: mental health in older persons.

PMID- 3692083
TI  - [Pseudoaneurysm of a branch of the internal mammary artery in a case operated on
      for aortic coarctation].
AB  - False aneurysm of the internal mammary artery (IMA) is a rare complication of
      closure of median sternotomy by peristernal wiring. In this report a case of a
      false aneurysm of a branch of the internal mammary artery following a surgical
      repair of a complex cardiac anomaly in a patient with a previously dilated
      mammary artery system for pre-existing coarctation of the aorta is described. In
      our opinion a special attention has to be given to the course of the IMA and its
      collaterals whenever a median sternotomy is required to treat an aortic
      coarctation or its associated diseases, considering the possibility of ligation
      of vessels at risk of being damaged by the sutures used for closure of the
      sternal and rectus sheath incisions.

PMID- 3692086
TI  - The role of nurses in changing attitudes toward AIDS.

PMID- 3692087
TI  - Generating publicity: placing a newspaper item.

PMID- 3692089
TI  - [Infected ascites in the cirrhotic patient: toward prevention?].

PMID- 3692088
TI  - Impatience: the door to change and greatness.

PMID- 3692090
TI  - [Can the protein concentration of the ascitic fluid in ascites predict the
      occurrence of an infection?].
AB  - In cirrhotic patients, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is frequent and severe.
      This study was performed to determine if low protein concentration in ascitic
      fluid on admission could predict the occurrence of spontaneous bacterial
      peritonitis during hospitalization. Ninety-two cirrhotic patients with ascites,
      without spontaneous bacterial peritonitis were studied. Bacteriologic study and
      cultures of ascitic fluid were performed on admission and repeated every 5 days,
      and if any suspicion of infection occurred; 11 patients developed spontaneous
      bacterial peritonitis during hospitalization. Among the 92 patients in the study,
      protein concentration in ascitic fluid was initially less than 10 g/l in 45 and
      10 of these 45 patients (22 p. 100) developed spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
      during hospitalization; protein concentration in ascitic fluid was initially
      greater than 10 g/l in 47 patients; only one of these 47 patients (2.1 p. 100)
      developed spontaneous bacterial peritonitis during hospitalization. This
      difference (22 p. 100 vs 2.1 p. 100) was significant (p less than 0.01). Ascitic
      fluid protein concentration (6.9 +/- 2.3 g/l) was significantly lower (p less
      than 0.01) in the spontaneous bacterial peritonitis group than in patients
      without peritonitis (13.8 +/- 10.5 g/l). These results suggest that: 1) ascitic
      fluid protein concentration on admission is lower in patients who will develop
      spontaneous bacterial peritonitis during hospitalization than in patients without
      infection and 2) patients with ascitic fluid protein concentration under 10 g/l
      on admission represent an high risk group for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.

PMID- 3692091
TI  - [Ploidy in colorectal cancer].
AB  - For several authors, DNA tumoral cell content represents an important prognostic
      factor in colorectal cancer. Samples obtained from 65 human colorectal cancers
      operated on between 1983 and 1986 were studied. Of 52 cases studied by flow
      cytometry 60 p. 100 were aneuploid tumors. The proliferative index was calculated
      in slightly over 50 p. 100 of the cases by DNA histogram analysis. During the
      same period 30 tumoral karyotypes were established by cytogenetic analysis. In 17
      cases a comparison was possible between flow cytometry and cytogenetic results.
      In all cases a significant correlation was seen between the DNA histogram modal
      value and the mean number of chromosomes counted by cytogenic analysis. In this
      study, there was no statistical correlation between flow cytometry results and
      Dukes classification. Because of the short follow-up in our series, no prognostic
      value may be attributed to the DNA index.

PMID- 3692092
TI  - [Prognostic value of x-ray computed tomography in acute pancreatitis:
      contribution of the injection of intravenous contrast media].
AB  - Thirty seven patients suffering from acute pancreatitis were explored using
      contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT). The authors found a good concordance
      between the extension of the lesions on the initial CT examination, prognostic
      criteria on admission and the course of the disease. In addition, a new
      prognostic CT sign was reported in the early phase of parenchymal contrast
      perfusion, i.e. the lack of contrast-enhancement in a limited portion of the
      pancreas. This sign was present in 8 patients, all with severe clinical symptoms.
      These 8 patients showed the highest morbidity rate in the series with abscess
      type complications occurring in all, compared with 24 p. 100 among the 29 other
      patients who did not exhibit this CT sign. Moreover, these 8 patients showed the
      highest mortality rate (25 p. 100 compared with 3.5 p. 100 among the other
      patients). An histological analysis of partial pancreatectomy specimens was
      performed in 7 out of the 8 patients. Devitalized pancreatic tissue, at the site
      of the parenchymal abnormalities on CT scan, was found in all cases. One false
      negative case was reported. Contrast-enhanced CT scan seems to be the most
      reliable method for diagnosing pancreatic necrosis during acute severe
      pancreatitis. It appears to be an useful prognostic predictor of morbidity. It
      can improve the outcome of the disease by depicting and guiding needle aspiration
      of a fluid collection, and/or surgery in case of clinical findings suggesting
      abscess formation.

PMID- 3692093
TI  - Hepatotoxicity of mebendazole. Relationship with serum concentrations of the
      drug.
AB  - We report the case of a 47-year-old female patient, suffering from multiple
      hydatid cysts of the liver, in whom hepatitis developed after mebendazole
      treatment. Clinical manifestations of hypersensitivity were absent. A correlation
      was found between serum mebendazole concentrations and the degree of cytolysis;
      this is compatible with a direct hepatotoxic effect of mebendazole.

PMID- 3692094
TI  - [Abetalipoproteinemia. Apropos of 2 cases].
AB  - The cases of two sisters with abetalipoproteinemia are reported. Both presented
      the complete clinical and biological features of the disease: ataxia, retinitis
      pigmentosa, lack of apolipoprotein B, chylomicrons, LDL and VLDL, reduced titers
      of serum cholesterol and triglycerides, acanthocytosis, very low levels of serum
      vitamin A and E. Abetalipoproteinemia is a rare autosomal inherited disease. It
      is usually revealed during early childhood by steatorrhea and failure to thrive;
      ataxia and retinitis pigmentosa appear later. The originality of these two cases
      stems from: 1) their late and fortuitous diagnosis: the first sister was
      investigated at the age of 42 after the discovery of a vitamin K induced
      coagulation disorder. The other sister was 39 when she was routinely examined as
      a family member; 2) the presence of constipation without any other suggestive
      digestive complaint. However, white discoloration of the duodenal mucosa seen at
      endoscopy and lipid droplets within the intestinal absorptive cells at biopsy
      were characteristic. Barium studies showed diffuse involvement of the small bowel
      which was displaced by an enlarged sigmoid. Treatment consists of administration
      of vitamin A and vitamin E which prevent or delay ocular and neurologic symptoms.
      Vitamin K is associated whenever necessary.

PMID- 3692095
TI  - [Lithiasis of the common bile duct during pregnancy. Treatment by endoscopic
      sphincterostomy].

PMID- 3692096
TI  - [Focal nodular hyperplasic occurring in contact with hepatic hemangioma: a
      fortuitous sequence?].

PMID- 3692097
TI  - [Hepatonephritis caused by piroxicam].

PMID- 3692098
TI  - [Trilobed gallbladder].

PMID- 3692099
TI  - [Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: a non-surgical method].

PMID- 3692100
TI  - [Equality in mortality caused by esophageal cancer and stomach cancer in France
      in man: a reality].

PMID- 3692101
TI  - [Late appearance of gastroduodenal adenoma in familial rectocolic adenomatoses].

PMID- 3692102
TI  - [An uncommon cause of Wirsung's duct hemorrhage: benign papilloma of Wirsung's
      duct].

PMID- 3692103
TI  - [To dilate or not to dilate: that is the question].

PMID- 3692104
TI  - Pakicetus inachus and the origin of whales and dolphins (Mammalia: Cetacea).
AB  - The present paper is concerned with the comparative morphology of the archeocete
      and odontocete skull. Among the archeocetes, the recently described lower Eocene
      Pakicetus inachus obviously represents an early stage of adaptation to aquatic
      life. The morphology of the incomplete cranial remains, however, gives no
      evidence that Pakicetus was an amphibious intermediate stage. The evolution of
      advanced archeocetes and odontocetes is characterized by the successive
      acquirement of new morphological devices related to the emission and perception
      of ultrasound under water. The formation of a sonar system in odontocetes
      obviously not only helped to compensate for the loss of the peripheral olfactory
      system but moreover was a substantial factor in the evolution of the exceptional
      dolphin brain.

PMID- 3692105
TI  - [Morphology and development of the cranium of Felis silvestris f. catus Linne
      1758--a contribution to the comparative anatomy of the Carnivora. III: Ear region
      and occipital region].
AB  - In Felis, the otic region of younger embryonic stages up to Felis 1 is
      characterized by extremely medial extended cochleae, compressing the basal plate
      to a slender trabeculum. As a result of a quite strong rostrad convergence of the
      long axis of the ear capsules, the Commissura praefacialis fuses with the
      Commissura orbitoparietalis laterally. Until now, this has been found in whales
      only. Continuing embryogenesis towards Felis 2, the cochlea moves laterally and
      slightly ventrally, so the angle of convergence between the whole Capsula otica
      and the skull base decreases. The problem of interpreting these positional
      changes of the Capsula otica during phylogenesis and ontogenesis is discussed in
      detail. Up to recent literature, there is a discussion about homology of the
      Foramen perilymphaticum and allied structures in reptiles referring to the
      openings in the Capsula otica in mammals. Configuration of these structures in
      fissiped carnivores and the appearance of a "limitating membrane" in Felis 2,
      gives reason for a new discussion of these problems. Composition of the Bulla
      tympani is a very important feature for investigation of phylogeny and
      systematics in fissiped carnivores. In Felis 2, there appears a caudal
      entotympanic, consisting of young cartilaginous tissue. The development of the
      caudal entotympanic has impact on 2 structures in the occipital region: The
      Lamina alaris and the Processus paracondyloideus. Felis 1 shows a distinct Lamina
      alaris and a short Processus paracondyloideus. With Felis 2, either element is
      reduced largely, probably to the extent as the caudal entotympanic develops.

PMID- 3692106
TI  - Histochemical study on catecholamines in human coronary endothelium.
AB  - Specific catecholaminergic granules had been previously described in the
      endothelial cells of blood and lymphatic vessels. 2 histochemical techniques were
      used in this work for detecting catecholamines in human coronary vessels: both
      the postfixation with OsO4-KI mixture and the formaldehyde induced fluorescence
      (FIF) reaction. Ultrastructural examinations of bioptic specimens processed with
      the OsO4-KI staining showed a marked positivity in the coronary endothelial
      cells, as well as in the smooth muscle fiber cells of the coronary arteriolae and
      the adventitial nerve endings. These findings were confirmed by a high level of
      fluorescence in the same structures, obtained using the FIF reaction. Myocardial
      fiber cells never reacted. Therefore, an important role of the endothelium of
      human coronary vessels in the turn-over of catecholamines could have been
      supposed.

PMID- 3692107
TI  - Studies on orthocephalization. 10. Behaviour of the visceral part of the rat head
      during the first 14 days after gestation.
AB  - The present paper considers the significance of interosseous flexions of the
      palatal complex in the process of orthocephalization of the rat skull between
      birth and 7 d p.n. The study is based on a sample of 90 rats divided into 4 age
      groups, i.e. 0, 4, 7, and 14 d. These rats have been X-rayed, and their
      photographs subsequently analysed. During the studied period, the constituents of
      the bony palate, i.e. the horizontal part of the palatine bone, the palatal
      process of maxilla and the palatal part of premaxilla, increase markedly in
      length, but with individual differences in growth rate. There is, in the period,
      a marked decrease in angulation between the cranial base and the palatal plane.
      This means that the rat skull becomes more orthocranial. There is also a
      straightening (orthopalatalization) of the palate, as the angle between maxilla
      and premaxilla becomes more obtuse, and a marked decrease in angulation between
      the palatine bone and the cranial base. The patterns of angular changes suggest
      that the process of orthocephalization in the period between birth and 14 d p.n.
      primarily is a result of an upwards rotation of the palatine bone relative to the
      cranial base, while interosseous deflections in the palate only play a minor
      role.

PMID- 3692108
TI  - [Experimental comparative studies of the reactibility of lung tissue to
      intratracheally introduced ash produced by power plants].
AB  - There was analysed the behaviour of the pulmonary tissue in white Wistar female
      rats exposed to a single effect of electroenergetic ashes from a few Polish power
      stations, hasting plants and electrohasting plants. The animals received a single
      0.6 ml dose of the ashes in suspension of physiologic fluid intratracheally; 3
      and 6 months after the experiment, the animals were decapitated and material for
      examinations was collected. Grains of used ashes were then assessed under the
      scanning electron microscope. Segments were stained with hematoxyline and cosine
      and by Masson's method. All the ashes caused inflammatory infiltrations,
      granulomas containing grains of the examined ash, fibrosis, thickening of
      interalveolar septa, atelectasis, and emphysema. The experiment resulted in a
      disturbance of biological balance of pulmonary connective tissue (stroma) due to
      the action of the ashes.

PMID- 3692109
TI  - Effect of alcohol on the rat juxtaprostatic pelvic ganglia and gonads.
AB  - In the present paper, it was investigated the aspect of the intrapelvic autonomic
      neuronal system (juxtaprostatic ganglion) and gonads of rats submitted to a
      experimental alcoholism. The animals which had water substituted for 35% sugar
      cane spirit for 30 d, presented testicular lesions as well as numeric and
      degenerative alterations in the juxtaprostatic pelvic ganglia neurons.

PMID- 3692110
TI  - Experimental hypervitaminosis A in the rat. IX. Morphometric study of newborn
      young heart, whose mothers were treated with excess vitamin A.
AB  - Hypervitaminosis A induces the following changes in young ventricles of vitamin A
      treated mothers: ventriculum muscle fibers disorganized with minor diameter and
      lower nuclear volume, focal loss of transversal strias, relatively fewer mitotic
      figures, and interstitial fibrosis. These data were confirmed with morphometric
      techniques.

PMID- 3692111
TI  - [Repeat cesarean section--an analysis of 2,024 cesarean sections].
AB  - Based on the data of 2024 Caesarean sections which had been performed at our
      hospital during 1970-1981 indications, maternal complications and foetal outcome
      in 385 cases of repeat cesarean deliveries were analysed. In spite of the
      increasing overall Caesarean section rate, the rate of repeat section remained
      constant during the observed period. Repeat Caesarean section was more often
      performed because of maternal than of foetal reasons. Compared to primary
      Caesarean section, maternal and foetal prognosis proved to be more favourable in
      repeated procedures. This should be considered in deciding whether repeat
      Caesarean section should be resorted to or whether normal delivery should be
      attempted.

PMID- 3692112
TI  - [Hemorrheologic findings in severe gestosis].
AB  - On the basis of the hemorrheologic and hemodynamic data of 30 severe gestoses the
      importance of rheology in the diagnosis and treatment of these conditions is
      discussed. It was found that the gestoses can occur with a variety of clinical
      phenomena (HELLP syndrome, hypervolemic gestosis). The classic picture comprises
      hemoconcentration, increased erythrocyte aggregation, low central venous pressure
      and low-normal cardiac output with increased blood viscosity. Depending on the
      condition of the microcirculation, laboratory values can fluctuate considerably.
      The mean antithrombin-III value was not subnormal, but the fibronectin value was
      high. The causes of the increased fibronectin values are still not clear. It
      seemed important that with a hematocrit of over 38% and an erythrocyte
      aggregation over 28(-) there was a high probability of the fetus being at risk.
      Erythrocyte deformability is reduced. The reasons for this still have to be
      identified. Changes in the ion transport system on the erythrocyte membrane, with
      accumulation of sodium and calcium inside the cell, are discussed. Additionally,
      leukocytosis causes an impairment of blood flow characteristics.

PMID- 3692113
TI  - [Diagnosis of postpartal disorders of adaptation in hospital delivery of out
      patients].
AB  - Delivery in a hospital on an outpatient basis is increasingly accepted in
      obstetrics. In West Berlin about 15% of the mothers consider this as desirable,
      and about 10% actually utilize it. Delivery at home, which is associated with
      safety hazards, is getting less frequent. Since the problem of disturbed
      adaptation of the infant can be quite difficult, the method of choice is the
      easily manageable noninvasive monitoring of heart and respiratory frequency of
      the newborn during the first hour after birth. This can help to detect latent
      disturbances of adaptation and premature discharge of the infant from hospital is
      avoided. The following aspects must be considered: 1. Monitoring is noninvasive
      and does not exercise stress on the infant. 2. Mother and child are not separated
      during the monitoring. Hence, the early mother-child relationship is not
      disturbed. 3. The obstetrician can assess the state of adaptation of the newborn
      more clearly with the help of the cardiorespiratory diagram. This makes it easier
      for him to decide whether a child may be released or ought to stay in hospital.
      4. If the paediatrician is consulted, he has at his command useful data on a
      child he does not know with the exception of a few anamnestic data and the actual
      examination findings.

PMID- 3692114
TI  - [Salivary LH as an ovulation indicator: on the value of autopalpation of the
      cervix uteri for the detection of fertile and infertile days of the cycle].
AB  - The validity of autopalpation of the cervix as an indicator of fertility has been
      studied in 115 cycles of 13 nulliparous and 13 parous women, aged 22 to 35 years
      and experienced in self-observation methods (SOM) of family planning. For this
      purpose, the reported cyclic changes of the cervix uteri (hard, closed and low
      positioned; soft, open and higher positioned or intermediate stages) have been
      compared with the salivary LH-peak as indicator of ovulation, the BBT-readings
      and cervical mucus quality. The study has confirmed that in principle it is
      possible to collect sufficiently reliable self observation data for family
      planning purposes by autopalpation of the cervix. Parous women detect the first
      preovulatory changes of the cervix earlier and more frequently than nulliparous.
      Nevertheless it is not possible for either group to determine the beginning of
      the fertile days in this way. The beginning of the postovulatory infertile phase,
      however, can be detected: if, in accordance with rising BBT, the cervix has
      returned to a hard and closed appearance for 4 days, this symptom signals
      infertility with the same high degree of accuracy as the third measurement of
      elevated BBT (BBT3). Thus a "rule of thumb" can be established, linking the
      beginning of postovulatory infertility to either the fourth day of the hard and
      closed cervix or to the evening of the day of BBT3, "whatever comes first". In
      this way, the beginning of the infertile phase could be recognized one to three
      days earlier by referring to the cervix in about 20% of the cycles.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3692115
TI  - [Effect of competitive sports on the menstrual cycle and sexuality--results of a
      survey of the West German team for the Olympic games in Los Angeles].
AB  - The present investigation attempts to analyse exact data on the menstruation
      cycle, contraception and the sexual behavior of competitive sportswomen. Since
      the West German participants at the Olympic Games of 1984 in Los Angeles were
      chosen for this investigation, the patients are unquestionably highly selected.
      For this reason, the results cannot claim to be representative in all respects.
      The objective of this study was primarily to register and to analyse the
      gynecological aspects of women's competitive sport, to reveal interrelationships
      and if appropriate to point out disadvantageous tendencies. The Olympics
      participants were subdivided into five different groups on the basis of the type
      of sport: I. take-off power/speed II. anaerobic endurance III. aerobic endurance
      IV. technique/dexterity V. team games. A control group was formed of middle
      distance and long-distance runners. The data were analysed with regard to
      competitive sport and age, number of days of training and training minutes per
      week, menarche, duration and length as well as intensity of menstrual bleeding,
      menstruation symptoms, influence of menstrual bleeding on sport performance,
      dependence of peak performance on the menstruation cycle, sexual behavior,
      contraception behavior.

PMID- 3692116
TI  - [Perception of the first menstruation].
AB  - 598 adult women of 15 to 49 years of age and 214 young girls (aged 12 to 18) were
      included in the Berlin study of menstrual attitudes and behaviour. The methodical
      procedure relating to the evolving of the questionnaire and the concept of the
      study are described, followed by informative special aspects of the findings.
      This contribution focuses on the way in which women cope with menarche in
      relation to their experiences in other fields of intimacy and taboo, as well as
      on sex education. practiced sexuality, contraception, and later attitudes towards
      menstruation. Individual differences of attitudes and differences among
      generations are causes of women's different reactions to the monthly period. We
      define three different types of menstrual behaviour relevant to clinical practice
      and describe differently successful ways of coping with and mastering
      menstruation. We discuss indications, concepts and the extent of gynaecological
      advice and counselling required for young women as far as this particular part of
      female intimacy is concerned, which is still taboo in some respects. Suggestions
      based on medical psychology are given to stimulate gynaecological practice.

PMID- 3692117
TI  - [Ulcerating vulvitis--a rare complication in abdominal typhus].
AB  - This article describes the clinical pattern and course of an ulcerating
      vulvovaginitis occurring within the overall clinical picture of a case of typhus
      abdominalis as a now rare complication of that severe infectious disease.

PMID- 3692118
TI  - [A first case of Hb J Paris-1 alpha2[A10] Ala----Asp beta2 carrier in Bulgaria.
      Structural organization].

PMID- 3692120
TI  - [Effect of desferal therapy on indices of iron metabolism in patients with
      intermediate forms of beta-thalassemia].

PMID- 3692119
TI  - [Hemoglobinopathy E].

PMID- 3692121
TI  - [Characteristic functional state of the liver in patients with idiopathic
      thrombocytopenic purpura in the course of the disease and in the immediate
      postoperative period].

PMID- 3692122
TI  - [Current state of the diagnosis of hereditary hemoglobino- and enzymopathies].

PMID- 3692123
TI  - [Surface charge of platelets in patients with hemorrhagic vasculitis and its role
      in the evaluation of platelet function].

PMID- 3692124
TI  - [Circulation of exogenous thromboplastin in the blood flow; the role of heparin].

PMID- 3692125
TI  - [Serum ferritin level in patients with hypoplastic anemia at high altitudes].

PMID- 3692126
TI  - [Complex intensive therapy of terminal disseminated intravascular coagulation and
      thromboembolic syndrome in Marchiafava-Micheli anemia].

PMID- 3692128
TI  - [Our experience with the prevention of hepatitis B].

PMID- 3692127
TI  - [A second case of an Hb Takoma carrier in Moscow].

PMID- 3692129
TI  - [The cuff test in the diagnosis of the functional state of the vascular component
      of hemostasis].

PMID- 3692130
TI  - [A problem-solving approach and practical trends in teaching hemostasiology].

PMID- 3692131
TI  - [Population analysis of family clustering of hemoblastoses].

PMID- 3692132
TI  - Sporadic vs familial classification given etiologic heterogeneity: I.
      Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value.
AB  - Environmental factors are etiologically important in many non-Mendelian familial
      disorders in man. Because such disorders often occur as "sporadic" cases, (ie, an
      affected individual with no affected relatives), it is tempting to assume that
      such cases represent an "environmental" form of the disorder. This paper presents
      an evaluation of the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative
      predictive power (PPV and NPV) of this "sporadic vs familial classification." The
      model assumes etiologic heterogeneity with a subpopulation of cases due to a
      "major" environmental event acting independent of genotype and the remaining
      cases resulting from a generalized single major locus (SML). Sibship size is
      modeled by a truncated negative binomial distribution. For rare disorders, this
      classification has high sensitivity and NPV but low specificity and PPV. As the
      disorder becomes more common, sensitivity and NPV fall while specificity and PPV
      rise. The power of the method increases substantially with increasing sibship
      size up to four or five, but further increases in power are minimal. MZ twins add
      considerable power to the method but aunts and uncles add little if anything.
      Both a correlational (phi) and an agreement-based (kappa) statistic indicate
      that, under most realistic circumstances, the relationship between etiology and
      family history is modest.

PMID- 3692133
TI  - Sex differences in affective disorder: genetic transmission.
AB  - Epidemiological studies have consistently found women to be at greater risk than
      men for affective disorders. This sex effect may help clarify genetic
      transmission and heterogeneity. Data from eight family studies of unipolar and
      eight family studies of bipolar probands were used to calculate family
      resemblance sex ratios. These observed sex ratios were then compared to sex
      ratios predicted by X-linked and nonfamilial effects models. Maximum likelihood
      estimation of competing models revealed that X linkage was not a good fit to the
      unipolar data. The bipolar studies were not consistent with either the X-linked
      or the nonfamilial effects model.

PMID- 3692134
TI  - Path analysis of seven fear factors in adult twin and sibling pairs and their
      parents.
AB  - A multivariate path model of genetic and environmental transmission, used to
      derive expected covariances among adult twin and sibling pairs and their parents,
      was fitted to fear factor data from 250 twin families and 91 sibling families,
      with the use of a maximum-likelihood estimation procedure. The full model, with
      259 free parameters, provides for parental cultural transmission, common twin and
      sibling environment, genotype-environment correlation, direct assortative mating,
      and genetic and environmental correlations. Significant effects were indicated
      for heritable transmission of common fears and phobias, and a single genetic
      factor accounted for most of the genetic covariance among the traits. Moderately
      high levels of common twin environment and a small effect for direct isomorphic
      marital assortment were also found. There was no evidence for cultural
      transmission, genotype-environment correlation, or common sibling environment.

PMID- 3692135
TI  - Exclusion of autosomal dominant dystonia gene from large regions of chromosomes
      11p, 13q, and 21q by multi-point linkage analysis.
AB  - Multi-point linkage analyses of autosomal dominant form of torsion dystonia with
      linkage groups on chromosomes 11p, 13q, 21q are reported. Analyses are based on
      family data from a single, large, non-Jewish pedigree. Large portions of
      chromosomes 11p and 13q, and virtually the entire long arm of chromosome 21 are
      excluded from linkage with dystonia. Practical aspects of designing multi-point
      analyses are discussed.

PMID- 3692136
TI  - Further tests of nonrandom segregation with special reference to linkage.
AB  - For an autosomal recessive disease, a statistical procedure is developed for
      detecting nonrandom segregation of marker haplotypes from an unaffected parent to
      affected children, specifically for the case when the alternative hypothesis of
      linkage between the disease and marker loci is postulated. The test procedure is
      locally most powerful and, depending on family size and number of families
      sampled, any one of the three test statistics proposed can be used. An
      application of this procedure provides evidence of linkage between tuberculoid
      leprosy and HLA.

PMID- 3692137
TI  - Genetic instability in the mating type system of Tetrahymena pigmentosa.
AB  - Selfing clones of Tetrahymena pigmentosa show several interesting genetic
      features, and provide some insight into the mechanisms of mating type (mt)
      determination. They differ significantly from those of Tetrahymena thermophila.
      They are distributed nonrandomly in crosses. Their rates of stabilization are
      highly variable, but most are much lower than those reported for T. thermophila.
      A number of subclones derived from nearly all the selfers have maintained stable
      mts in culture for several years. However, some subclones manifest persistent
      selfing, long after the calculated completion of allelic assortment for
      heterozygous loci. This phenomenon along with the perpetual maintenance of
      dominant mts in heterozygotes shows that phenotypic assortment is not involved in
      mt expression. In crosses, many selfers exhibit quantitative and qualitative
      aberrations in the transmission of alleles to the gametes; some of the
      micronuclear changes underlying these aberrations occur during vegetative growth.
      There are rare illegitimate appearances of dominant alleles in sexual progeny,
      and more common illegitimate appearances of the most recessive phenotype.-
      Various models to explain mt determination in this species are considered. One
      which might account for the troubling phenomena of the system consists of an
      active mat expression site, with "cassettes" at other sites specific for the
      different dominant alleles and capable of transposition to the expression site.

PMID- 3692138
TI  - Genetic analysis of adult-specific surface antigenic differences between
      varieties of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.
AB  - We have studied developmental stage-specificity and genetic specification of
      surface antigens in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Rabbit antisera directed
      against the adult C. elegans cuticle were used in conjunction with antiserum
      adsorption experiments to obtain antibody reagents with specificity for the adult
      surface. Adult-specific antibodies were used to identify several varietal strains
      of C. elegans that display antigen-negative phenotypes as adults. Genetic mapping
      results using the surface antigen phenotype as a marker indicated that a single
      gene (designated srf-1) or cluster of genes on linkage group II determines the
      adult surface antigen phenotype.

PMID- 3692139
TI  - The putative oncogene Pim-1 in the mouse: its linkage and variation among t
      haplotypes.
AB  - Pim-1, a putative oncogene involved in T-cell lymphomagenesis, was mapped between
      the pseudo-alpha globin gene Hba-4ps and the alpha-crystallin gene Crya-1 on
      mouse chromosome 17 and therefore within the t complex. Pim-1 restriction
      fragment variants were identified among t haplotypes. Analysis of restriction
      fragment sizes obtained with 12 endonucleases demonstrated that the Pim-1 genes
      in some t haplotypes were indistinguishable from the sizes for the Pim-1b allele
      in BALB/c inbred mice. There are now three genes, Pim-1, Crya-1 and H-2 I-E, that
      vary among independently derived t haplotypes and that have indistinguishable
      alleles in t haplotypes and inbred strains. These genes are closely linked within
      the distal inversion of the t complex. Because it is unlikely that these variants
      arose independently in t haplotypes and their wild-type homologues, we propose
      that an exchange of chromosomal segments, probably through double crossingover,
      was responsible for indistinguishable Pim-1 genes shared by certain t haplotypes
      and their wild-type homologues. There was, however, no apparent association
      between variant alleles of these three genes among t haplotypes as would be
      expected if a single exchange introduced these alleles into t haplotypes. If
      these variant alleles can be shown to be identical to the wild-type allele, then
      lack of association suggests that multiple exchanges have occurred during the
      evolution of the t complex.

PMID- 3692141
TI  - Selection, generalized transmission and the evolution of modifier genes. I. The
      reduction principle.
AB  - Modifier gene models are used to explore the evolution of features of organisms,
      such as the genetic system, that are not directly involved in the determination
      of fitness. Recent work has shown that a general "reduction principle" holds in
      models of selectively neutral modifiers of recombination, mutation, and
      migration. Here we present a framework for models of modifier genes that shows
      these reduction results to be part of a more general theory, for which
      recombination and mutation are special cases. The deterministic forces that
      affect the genetic composition of a population can be partitioned into two
      categories: selection and transmission. Selection includes differential
      viabilities, fertilities, and mating success. Imperfect transmission occurs as a
      result of such phenomena as recombination, mutation and migration, meiosis, gene
      conversion, and meiotic drive. Selectively neutral modifier genes affect
      transmission, and a neutral modifier gene can evolve only by generating
      association with selected genes whose transmission it affects. We show that, in
      randomly mating populations at equilibrium, imperfect transmission of selected
      genes allows a variance in their marginal fitnesses to be maintained. This
      variance in the marginal fitnesses of selected genes is what drives the evolution
      of neutral modifier genes. Populations with a variance in marginal fitnesses at
      equilibrium are always subject to invasion by modifier genes that bring about
      perfect transmission of the selected genes. It is also found, within certain
      constraints, that for modifier genes producing what we call "linear variation" in
      the transmission processes, a new modifier allele can invade a population at
      equilibrium if it reduces the level of imperfect transmission acting on the
      selected genes, and will be expelled if it increases the level of imperfect
      transmission. Moreover, the strength of the induced selection on the modifier
      gene is shown to range up to the order of the departure of the genetic system
      from perfect transmission.

PMID- 3692140
TI  - Sequence-dependent gene conversion: can duplicated genes diverge fast enough to
      escape conversion?
AB  - Conversion between duplicated genes limits their independent evolution. Models in
      which conversion frequencies decrease as genes diverge are examined to determine
      conditions under which genes can "escape" further conversion and hence escape
      from a gene family. A review of results from various recombination systems
      suggests two classes of sequence-dependence models: (1) the "k-hit" model in
      which conversion is completely inactivated by a few (k) mutational events, such
      as the insertion of a mobile element, and (2) more general models where
      conversion frequency gradually declines as genes diverge through the accumulation
      of point mutants. Exact analysis of the k-hit model is given and an approximate
      analysis of a more general sequence-dependent model is developed and verified by
      computer simulation. If mu is the per nucleotide mutation rate, then neutral
      duplicated genes diverging through point mutants are likely to escape conversion
      provided 2 mu/lambda much greater than 0.1, where lambda is the conversion rate
      between identical genes. If 2 mu/lambda much less than 0.1, the expected number
      of conversions before escape increases exponentially so that, for biological
      purposes, the genes never escape conversion. For single mutational events
      sufficient to block further conversions, occurring at rate nu per copy per
      generation, many conversions are expected if 2 nu/lambda much less than 1, while
      the genes essentially evolve independently if 2 nu/lambda much greater than 1.
      Implications of these results for both models of concerted evolution and the
      evolution of new gene functions via gene duplication are discussed.

PMID- 3692142
TI  - Directional selection and variation in finite populations.
AB  - Predictions are made of the equilibrium genetic variances and responses in a
      metric trait under the joint effects of directional selection, mutation and
      linkage in a finite population. The "infinitesimal model" is analyzed as the
      limiting case of many mutants of very small effect, otherwise Monte Carlo
      simulation is used. If the effects of mutant genes on the trait are symmetrically
      distributed and they are unlinked, the variance of mutant effects is not an
      important parameter. If the distribution is skewed, unless effects or the
      population size is small, the proportion of mutants that have increasing effect
      is the critical parameter. With linkage the distribution of genotypic values in
      the population becomes skewed downward and the equilibrium genetic variance and
      response are smaller as disequilibrium becomes important. Linkage effects are
      greater when the mutational variance is contributed by many genes of small effect
      than few of large effect, and are greater when the majority of mutants increase
      rather than decrease the trait because genes that are of large effect or are
      deleterious do not segregate for long. The most likely conditions for "Muller's
      ratchet" are investigated.

PMID- 3692143
TI  - Monotonic change of the mean phenotype in two-locus models.
AB  - It is shown that the mean phenotype monotonically approaches the optimum in a
      class of symmetric, two-locus, two-allele models with stabilizing selection. In
      this model, mean fitness does not change monotonically. Thus, Fisher's
      fundamental theorem does not hold, even though another quantity of evolutionary
      interest, the mean phenotype, can be shown to change monotonically. Using this
      quantity, it is proven that global stability results for this model.

PMID- 3692144
TI  - Proposed mechanism of inheritance and expression of the human fragile-X syndrome
      of mental retardation.
AB  - A mechanism is proposed for the inheritance and expression of the fragile-X
      linked syndrome of mental retardation in humans. Two independent events are
      required for expression of the syndrome: the fragile-X mutation, and X chromosome
      inactivation in pre-oogonial cells. The fragile-X mutation at site Xq27 has
      little or no effect until the chromosome is inactivated in a female as part of
      the process of dosage compensation. At a stage where the inactivated X chromosome
      would normally be reactivated in preparation for oogenesis, the mutation results
      in a local block to the reactivation process. This block to reactivation leads to
      mental retardation in progeny by reducing the level of products from the
      unreactivated Xq27 region in male cells, and, for a heterozygous female, in
      somatic cells in which the normal X chromosome has been inactivated. Published
      data relevant to this proposed mechanism are discussed.

PMID- 3692145
TI  - Depression in patients referred for psychiatric consultation. A need for a new
      diagnosis.
AB  - The authors analyzed 329 referrals for psychiatric consultation from medical and
      surgical wards. They found depression to be the most prevalent diagnosis (34%),
      with Major Depression being the most common DSM-III subtype (49%). Depression was
      predominant in the elderly (p less than 0.05), in women (p less than 0.05), and
      in patients with a high degree of psychosocial stressors (p less than 0.01).
      There were significant differences among the DSM-III subtypes of depression in
      some of these correlates. The authors emphasize the importance of DSM-III in
      differentiating among the subtypes of depression in referred patients but they
      suggest the need for a new diagnosis for depression in the physically ill.

PMID- 3692148
TI  - Psychiatric consultation as conflict resolution.
AB  - Interpersonal conflict between patient and physician is a frequent concomitant of
      the complex issues arising from medical or surgical illness and hospitalization.
      It is an often unacknowledged stimulus for seeking psychiatric consultation.
      Consultation may be sought to assist in resolving conflicts over problem
      definition, the treatment contract, or the patient-physician relationship per se.
      An understanding of potential sources and manifestations of conflict guides
      effective intervention by the consultant. The integration of concepts of conflict
      and conflict resolution with existing models of consultation-liaison and practice
      is illustrated in several case discussion.

PMID- 3692146
TI  - A comparison of the symptoms of medical and psychiatric patients matched on the
      Beck Depression Inventory.
AB  - The goals of this study were to examine, in greater detail, the experience of
      depression in the medically ill, and to compare their experience with that of
      depressed psychiatric patients. Medical and psychiatric inpatients were matched
      in terms of total scores on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). In addition to
      the BDI, all patients completed a self-report symptom battery. No difference was
      found between the two groups in terms of total BDI scores, but psychiatric
      patients scored significantly higher on the affective BDI items, and medical
      patients scored significantly higher on the somatic BDI items. Discriminant
      analysis was used to compare their responses to the symptom battery. Depression
      in the psychiatric patients was characterized primarily by suicidal ideation and
      loss of interest, whereas in medical patients a lack of energy and worry were the
      predominant symptoms. The implications of these findings for assessing depression
      in the medically ill are discussed.

PMID- 3692147
TI  - The onset of Munchausen's syndrome.
AB  - Although Munchausen's syndrome is well known, its mode of onset and development
      are poorly understood. The authors describe an individual whose developmental
      history was notable for dyslexia and pathological lying from early childhood, and
      who later developed Munchausen's syndrome following an explosive separation from
      his terminally ill father. The patient's simulated genitourinary problems related
      directly to his father's renal malignancy. The development of his Munchausen
      syndrome is discussed with reference to his traumatic separation from his father
      as well and to his preexisting character pathology and probable central nervous
      system dysfunction.

PMID- 3692149
TI  - Depression in multiple sclerosis.
AB  - Standardized interview techniques, diagnostic criteria, and rating scales were
      used to assess 50 moderately disabled multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Fifty
      four percent met lifetime Research Diagnostic Criteria for major depression, with
      a significant increase in the rate from before to after the onset of MS symptoms.
      The MS patients were significantly more depressed than other medical patients
      described in the literature. Major depressions were associated with steroid
      treated exacerbations and a history of major depression. Symptoms of depression
      may be easily confused with those of MS, resulting in inadequate diagnosis and
      treatment.

PMID- 3692150
TI  - Unit-specific variation in occupational stress across a general hospital.
AB  - This article presents research involving the comparison of levels of occupational
      stress across multiple units of a large teaching hospital. Using a scale designed
      to measure a four-component model of occupational stress in medical environments,
      the results indicated that a significant amount of the variation in this measure
      was accounted for by the unit on which the respondent worked. There were no
      significant differences across levels of employment (e.g., housestaff, nurse
      clinician, registered nurse, licensed practical nurse, clerk).

PMID- 3692151
TI  - The assessment of suicide risk in the general hospital.
AB  - The assessment of suicide risk is a central activity of the general hospital
      psychiatrist for patients admitted following a suicide attempt and others who are
      identified after admission as being potentially suicidal. While biologic and
      psychosocial measures have some long-term predictive value, there is no valid
      measure to predict acute suicide risk. The lack of a valid measure does not,
      however, relieve the clinician of the obligation to perform an appropriate
      assessment. Pertinent appellate case law decisions not that the evaluation and
      record keeping must be "adequate," though no definition for adequate standards is
      provided. This paper presents issues that are considered so fundamental for
      suicide assessment that failure to obtain and record such information would
      potentially constitute inadequate practice. These areas include: the patient's
      statement regarding current suicidal ideation and planning, the presence or
      absence of delirium, psychosis and depression, what the patient says it makes
      sense to do, confirmation by a third party, and global formulation. The
      guidelines in this paper are presented with the intention of establishing the
      basis for optimal clinical care and for minimizing legal vulnerability in the
      evaluation of the potentially suicidal patient in the general hospital.

PMID- 3692153
TI  - [Genetic characteristics of recessive sensorineural hearing loss].
AB  - Genetic characteristics of recessive sensorineural hearing impairment mediated by
      5 recessive genes were studied. One of these is responsible for early progressive
      hearing loss, others causing congenital deafness. The incidence of early
      progressive recessive hearing loss in a population is 1:20,000, gene frequency
      being 0.007; the incidence of heterozygotes for this gene is 1.4%. The incidence
      of each of 4 forms of recessive congenital hearing loss in a population is
      1.125:10,000, the frequency of these genes being 0.0106; the incidence of
      heterozygotes for each of these genes is 2.1%. The total frequency of all
      recessive genes for sensorineural hearing impairment is 0.0494 and the incidence
      of heterozygotes for all genes is 9.9%. The frequency of different genotypes for
      recessive genes specifying sensorineural hearing loss was established, based on
      the data obtained.

PMID- 3692154
TI  - [Localization of dihydrofolate reductase amplified genes in Chinese hamster cells
      resistant to methotrexate].
AB  - New sublines of BFFR1 and BFFR3 cells were obtained as a result of prolonged
      cultivation of Chinese hamster cells of Blld-ii-FAF 28 line (clone 431) in the
      presence of increasing concentrations of methotrexate (MTX). The lines obtained
      were resistant to 200 and 300 mcM of MTX, respectively. Amplification of the gene
      for dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), similar to normal DHFR gene in restriction
      patterns, was proved by blot-hybridization of the resistant cells' DNA with 32P
      labeled plasmid DHFR-26. Correlation is shown between the extent of gene
      amplification and resistance of the cell lines. In situ hybridization of the
      metaphase chromosomes of resistant cells with 3H-DHFR-26 results in preferential
      binding of the label with the regions of marker chromosomes 2 and 5, containing
      long, so called differential staining regions which are known to be the places of
      localization of amplified genes.

PMID- 3692152
TI  - [Gene amplification in murine leukemia cells with multiple drug resistance
      acquired in vivo].
AB  - The P388rm and P388rx cell lines resistant to antracycline antibiotics were
      obtained as a result of chemotherapy of mice bearing P388 leukemia, by means of
      increasing dosages of rubomycin and ruboxyl, respectively. These cell lines
      possessed cross-resistance to vinblastine, vincristine, colchicine, actinomycin D
      and some other drugs. Multidrug resistance (MDR) of P388rm and P388rx is due to
      decreased uptake of different cytotoxic compounds by the cells. Development of
      resistance to rubomycin and ruboxyl was accompanied by the appearance of
      additional chromosomal structures--long homogeneously staining regions (HSRs),
      double minute chromosomes and others usually containing amplified DNA sequences.
      Southern blot-hybridization with cloned DNA fragments amplified in Djungarian and
      Chinese hamster cell lines having MDR has revealed in P388rm and P388rx cells
      approximately 50-fold amplification of mdr and pC52 genes. Thus, in mouse
      leukemia cells which acquired MDR in vivo, as a result of chemotherapy,
      amplification is observed of the same genes that undergo amplification during
      selection of cell cultures for MDR in vitro.

PMID- 3692155
TI  - [Biochemical functions of RIB5 and RIB6 gene products participating in riboflavin
      biosynthesis in the yeast Pichia guilliermondii].
AB  - The biosynthesis of riboflavin precursor 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine was
      studied in extracts of Pichia guilliermondii yeast mutants of rib5 and rib6
      genotypes with impaired synthesis of proteins P1 and P2, respectively. It was
      shown that synthesis of 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine took place in extracts of
      rib5 mutant (active P1 protein) in the presence of 2,4-dihydroxy-5-amino-6
      ribitylaminopyrimidine and the compound formed from ribose-5-phosphate by
      extracts of rib6 mutant (active P2 protein). No lumazine was formed in extracts
      of rib6 mutant from pyrimidine substrate and ribose-5-phosphate preincubated with
      extracts of rib5 mutant. Hence, P1 protein (the product of RIB5 gene)
      participates in the biosynthesis of 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine from 2,4
      dihydroxy-5-amino-6-ribitylaminopyrimidine and aliphatic intermediate which is
      formed from ribose-5-phosphate, under the action of P2 protein (the product of
      RIB6 gene).

PMID- 3692156
TI  - Selecting incontinence aids.

PMID- 3692157
TI  - Clearing a path to communication. Dementia--how you can help.

PMID- 3692159
TI  - Touching and patient power--all part of the demographic revolution.

PMID- 3692158
TI  - Helping carers to cope.

PMID- 3692160
TI  - Taking risks for quality.

PMID- 3692161
TI  - Leg ulcer guidelines "misleading".

PMID- 3692162
TI  - Do not resuscitate?

PMID- 3692163
TI  - Safely warm this winter. I.

PMID- 3692164
TI  - Autosomal assignment of OTC in marsupials and monotremes: implications for the
      evolution of sex chromosomes.

PMID- 3692165
TI  - Nucleotide sequence analysis of class II genes borne by mouse t chromosomes.

PMID- 3692166
TI  - Genetic effects on susceptibility to histidine induced teratogenesis in the
      mouse.

PMID- 3692167
TI  - Estimating the proportion of neutral mutants.

PMID- 3692168
TI  - Identification and characterization of mutations responsible for a runaway
      replication phenotype of plasmid R1.
AB  - Initiation of replication of the resistance plasmid R1 is carefully regulated by
      the two negatively acting factors, CopA and CopB. It is shown here that the
      temperature-dependent runaway-replication phenotype of an R1 plasmid mutant is
      caused by two point mutations in each of the promoters for the genes of these
      control factors. Expression of the two genes is affected in the following way:
      (1) one C-to-T transition in the putative -35 box of the copB-repA operon creates
      a two- to three-fold stronger promoter from which expression is temperature
      dependent; (2) another C-to-T transition in a G + C-rich area immediately
      downstream from the -10 box of the copA promoter reduces expression of the copA
      gene three-fold. The phenotypic consequences of the two mutations are discussed
      in the light of the current model for R1 replication control.

PMID- 3692170
TI  - Three-dimensional similarity mapping reveals nucleotide sequence relationships
      among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) isolates.
AB  - A method has been developed to compare and graphically display comparisons
      between many related nucleotide sequences. Principal coordinate analysis, a
      multidimensional scaling technique, was used to display DNA homology data in
      three dimensions. Using these methods, an analysis of the env, gag, and gag/pol
      overlapping regions of human immunodeficiency virus (AIDS virus) clearly
      demonstrates a clustering of North American isolates relative to African
      isolates. Elements of the latter group are dissimilar to one another and to the
      North America group. For the env region, the North American isolates can be
      resolved into two distinct groups.

PMID- 3692169
TI  - Sequence analysis of the glutamate tRNA family: evidence for pseudogenes.
AB  - Human tRNA(CUCGlu) has been isolated by direct hybridization of the tRNA to 28S
      ribosomal RNA. We now report the isolation of mouse tRNA(CUCGlu) using the same
      procedure. Partial sequence analysis of the mouse tRNA shows that it is identical
      to the human tRNA and to a cloned rat tDNA(CUCGlu) sequence. This mouse
      tRNA(CUCGlu), however, differs by one nucleotide from a previously cloned mouse
      tDNA(CUCGlu) sequence, suggesting that the tDNA may be a pseudogene. Further
      evolutionary comparison of these and other glutamate tRNAs and tDNAs has provided
      evidence to suggest that two other tDNA(Glu) sequences arose by mutation of
      functional tRNAGlu genes such that their anticodon sequences were converted from
      one glutamate isoacceptor to the other. These tDNA sequences may also represent
      pseudogenes.

PMID- 3692171
TI  - Nucleotide sequences of human alpha-DNA repeats.
AB  - We have sequenced eight cloned copies of the 340-bp EcoRI repeat of human alpha
      DNA (alpha RI-DNA). Compared to the 'consensus' alpha RI-DNA sequence [Wu and
      Manuelidis, J. Mol. Biol., 142 (1980) 363-386], the eight clones had changes in
      1.5, 2.1, 3.2, 3.2, 10.3, 12.9, 15.0 and 18.9% of base pairs. Jorgensen et al.
      [J. Mol. Biol., 187 (1986) 185-196] have described 21 sub-families of human alpha
      RI-DNA based on common base substitutions. Three of our sequences appear to be
      members of the sub-families described by Jorgensen et al., while the other five
      sequences are from previously undescribed sub-families.

PMID- 3692172
TI  - Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA encoding lipoprotein lipase of
      guinea pig.
AB  - We have isolated and sequenced cDNA clones covering the entire coding sequence
      and short flanking regions of guinea pig lipoprotein lipase. The expression cDNA
      library used was constructed in lambda gt11 with mRNA derived from adipocytes.
      The deduced amino acid (aa) sequence starts with a stretch of 17 aa interpreted
      as a leader peptide. The open reading frame continues with 448 aa residues and
      ends with a TGA stop codon. Combined with previous data this information allows
      the assignment of domains in the lipase molecule. A likely candidate for the
      heparin-binding site is a 9-aa stretch containing five positive charges,
      analogous to the consensus sequence for receptor-binding sites on apolipoproteins
      E and B. A previously noted homology to pancreatic lipase is extended. Analysis
      of polyadenylated RNA from several tissues indicated a high level of expression
      in adipocytes, heart muscle and mammary gland. No lipoprotein lipase mRNA could
      be detected in liver. Northern blots revealed three major mRNAs with sizes
      corresponding to 3.8 kb, 3.3 kb and 2.1 kb, respectively. In adipocytes and heart
      muscle a fourth mRNA, with an estimated size of 4.5 kb, was also detected.
      Analysis of genomic DNA by Southern blotting indicated a single gene locus coding
      for lipoprotein lipase. Hence, modification of the primary transcript seems to be
      involved in the production of the various mRNAs.

PMID- 3692173
TI  - Structure and in vitro transcription of a mouse B1 cluster containing a unique B1
      dimer.
AB  - A highly repetitive DNA element located 950 bp upstream from a mouse U2 small
      nuclear RNA gene has been cloned and characterized. The repetitive element is
      composed of a simple sequence repeat and a cluster of three B1 sequences. Two of
      these B1 elements are arranged head-to-tail and are joined by an oligo(dA)-rich
      linker. This unique B1 dimer, comprised of 339 bp, resembles the dimeric
      structure of primate Alu-family sequences, particularly that of a prototypic
      human Alu element. The other B1 element within the mouse cluster is a typical
      monomeric unit. Transcription studies performed in HeLa cell extracts with
      deletion mutants of the B1 cluster reveal that the single B1 unit is expressed at
      least 50 times more efficiently than the B1 dimer region. Furthermore, the B1
      dimer which contains mutations in the first polymerase III promoter region is not
      transcribed end-to-end. We conclude that this B1 dimer is unlikely to give rise
      to a new dimeric retroposon family in the mouse genome.

PMID- 3692174
TI  - Peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase multigene family of the yeast Candida
      tropicalis; nucleotide sequence of a third gene and its protein product.
AB  - We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of gene POX2, which encodes
      one of the major peroxisomal polypeptides (PXPs) of Candida tropicalis. POX2 is
      linked to gene POX4, which codes for a subunit (PXP-4) of long-chain acyl-CoA
      oxidase. Southern blot analysis revealed that POX2 had a significant homology to
      POX4, and also to gene POX5 which encodes a subunit (PXP-5) of the isozyme of
      acyl-CoA oxidase. PXP-2, the protein product of POX2, was co-purified with PXP-4
      from the isolated peroxisomes. PXP-2 itself was a flavoprotein and likely to form
      an equimolar complex with PXP-4, although its enzymatic activity was uncertain.
      POX2 corresponds to a single open reading frame of 724 amino acids and has no
      introns. The N-terminal sequence and the calculated Mr of the deduced polypeptide
      were consistent with those of isolated PXP-2. The primary structure was highly
      homologous to those of PXP-4 and PXP-5 in respect of the amino acid sequence and
      the hydropathy profile. We conclude that POX2 is a third gene of the peroxisomal
      acyl-COA oxidase multigene family.

PMID- 3692175
TI  - A gene fusion system for generating antibodies against short peptides.
AB  - A novel method to obtain specific antibodies against short peptides is described,
      involving synthesis of the corresponding oligodeoxynucleotides followed by
      cloning into a new set of fusion vectors, pEZZ8 and pEZZ18, based on two
      synthetic IgG-binding domains (ZZ) of Staphylococcus aureus protein A. The
      soluble gene fusion product thus obtained, can be collected from the culture
      medium of Escherichia coli and rapidly recovered in a one-step procedure by IgG
      affinity chromatography. The system was used to express a fusion protein
      consisting of the two Z fragments and the C-terminal part [amino acids (aa) 57
      70] of human insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). This 16-kDa protein was
      purified by affinity chromatography on IgG Sepharose and antibodies were raised
      in rabbits. The fusion protein elicited peptide-specific antibodies, as measured
      by solid-phase radioimmuno assay and Western blotting, reactive with both
      synthetic C-terminal peptide and the native human IGF-I protein. The results
      suggests that the gene fusion system can be used for efficient antibody
      production against short peptides encoded by synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides.

PMID- 3692176
TI  - The relative value of geriatric training components in family practice
      preparation.

PMID- 3692177
TI  - Physicians' awareness of services for the elderly.

PMID- 3692178
TI  - Medical student outlook on practice in nursing homes.

PMID- 3692179
TI  - The development and evaluation of training standards for the aging network and
      academia: I. Background and rationale.

PMID- 3692180
TI  - The development and evaluation of training standards for the aging network and
      academia: II. Summary of project products and the process of their validation.

PMID- 3692181
TI  - The development and evaluation of training standards for the aging network and
      academia: III. Conclusions and implications.

PMID- 3692182
TI  - The development and evaluation of training standards for the aging network and
      academia: IV. One year follow-up evaluation of the implementation of the training
      standards.

PMID- 3692183
TI  - Educational affiliations of life care communities.

PMID- 3692184
TI  - [Toxicological and hygienic evaluation of lignosulfonic acids and their
      transformation products].

PMID- 3692185
TI  - [Hematological and biochemical changes in animals exposed to khardin and
      ethanol].

PMID- 3692186
TI  - [Choice of an adequate prognostic model for establishing the MPEL of chemical
      carcinogens].

PMID- 3692187
TI  - [Safety and biological value of a soybean protein concentrate].

PMID- 3692188
TI  - [Methodological approaches to the comprehensive evaluation of the status and
      effectiveness of individual personnel protection in atomic electric power
      stations].

PMID- 3692190
TI  - [Basic achievements and tasks of hygienic science].

PMID- 3692189
TI  - [Evaluation of the biological action of UHF radiation on immunity indices].

PMID- 3692191
TI  - [Identification of groups of coal miners for ambulatory observation by using a
      logical scheme].

PMID- 3692192
TI  - [Shaping a healthy life style--the most important task of the medical school].

PMID- 3692193
TI  - [Complex characteristics of industrial material as sources of atmospheric
      pollution].

PMID- 3692194
TI  - [Method for the quantitative assessment of the cumulative properties of hazardous
      substances].

PMID- 3692195
TI  - [Method for assessing the combined action of hazardous substances in
      toxicological hygiene research].

PMID- 3692196
TI  - [Method of studying the olfactory analyzer function of white rats by using the
      escape reaction].

PMID- 3692197
TI  - [Experience in introducing the elements of the scientific organization of work
      into operations of a centralized health and hygiene laboratory].

PMID- 3692198
TI  - [Effect of biotic doses of manganese on the course of experimental carbon
      tetrachloride poisoning in white rats].

PMID- 3692199
TI  - [Establishment of the maximum permissible concentration of the methyl ester
      hydrochloride of benzimidazolyl-2-carbamic acid in reservoir water].

PMID- 3692200
TI  - [Neurochemical mechanisms of the late neurotoxic action of the new fungicide
      aphos].

PMID- 3692201
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of fuel slag as a filtering material for water
      purification].

PMID- 3692202
TI  - [Hygienic characteristics of the new EP-5186 and EP-5194 lacquers intended for
      contact with infant food products].

PMID- 3692203
TI  - [Trace element content of human biological substrates].

PMID- 3692204
TI  - [Embryotoxic action of antimony oxide in an experiment].

PMID- 3692205
TI  - [Probabilistic methods of determining threshold concentrations in the hygienic
      regulation of atmospheric pollutants].

PMID- 3692206
TI  - [Predicting the combined effect of metals using toxico-kinetic indices].

PMID- 3692207
TI  - [Dynamics of the levels of aerosols of protein-vitamin concentrates in closed
      spaces].

PMID- 3692208
TI  - [Standardization of silicon in drinking water].

PMID- 3692209
TI  - [Effect of different concentrations of fluorine, calcium and magnesium in
      drinking water on the incidence of diseases of the teeth and periodontal
      tissues].

PMID- 3692210
TI  - [Metabolism of biogenic amines and activity of a series of enzyme-substrate
      systems in liver tissue and skin exposed experimentally to hexavalent chromium].

PMID- 3692211
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of a grape-apple cocktail prepared using new stabilizers].

PMID- 3692212
TI  - [Changes in the glycoprotein content of the liver and spleen of rats chronically
      exposed to chlorophos and strontium-90].

PMID- 3692213
TI  - [Lead-210 and strontium-90 in soils and their transfer to ground plants].

PMID- 3692214
TI  - [Standardization of the release of 14C with the effluent of atomic power stations
      into the surrounding medium and the human body].

PMID- 3692215
TI  - [Methodologic approaches to the sanitary-hygienic study of heat-resistant
      polymers intended for use in the food industry].

PMID- 3692216
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of packing materials made from waste paper].

PMID- 3692217
TI  - [Gas chromatographic determination of halogenated methanes in drinking water].

PMID- 3692218
TI  - [Atomic absorption determination of mercury in the air using the Mercury-101
      analyzer].

PMID- 3692219
TI  - [Quantitative determination of pyridoxine in beverages].

PMID- 3692220
TI  - [Determination of pentavalent vanadium in reservoir water].

PMID- 3692221
TI  - [Method of assessing the ventilating capacity of the inner surfaces of protective
      clothing].

PMID- 3692222
TI  - [Requirements for the purity of intake air].

PMID- 3692223
TI  - [Work of the Ivano-Frankovsk regional health and epidemiologic service in
      creating healthy working conditions in industrial plants].

PMID- 3692224
TI  - [Quality control of natural waters in territories irrigated by waste waters].

PMID- 3692225
TI  - [Effect of acute poisoning by organophosphate insecticides on the absorptive
      capacity of the small intestine].

PMID- 3692226
TI  - [Sequential intermittent effect of pesticides in air at medium and high
      temperatures].

PMID- 3692227
TI  - [Interrelation of indices of nonspecific resistance of the body and its
      resistance to infection].

PMID- 3692228
TI  - [Comparative analysis of the dose-effect relation of oral and inhaled
      organophosphate pesticides].

PMID- 3692229
TI  - [Comparative hygienic assessment of the efficacy of toilet soap in handwashing].

PMID- 3692230
TI  - [Optimization of the functional state of junior schoolchildren during lessons
      using short breaks of physical training to music].

PMID- 3692231
TI  - [State of the microbial autoflora of the skin in frequently and rarely ill
      children living in districts with different levels of atmospheric pollution].

PMID- 3692232
TI  - [Effect of ofunack on the tentative exploratory activity of white rats].

PMID- 3692233
TI  - [Relation of the seasonal mortality of methanol-poisoned rats to the energy
      activity of liver mitochondria].

PMID- 3692234
TI  - [Experience in studying the hemostasis system in toxicology experiments].

PMID- 3692235
TI  - [Validation of the maximum allowable concentration of boletin in reservoir waters
      taking into account the complex hygienic standardization].

PMID- 3692237
TI  - [Hygienic requirements for the planning and maintenance of swimming pools].

PMID- 3692236
TI  - [Hygienic standardization of furan compounds in reservoir waters].

PMID- 3692238
TI  - [Disinfection of helminth eggs from ship waste waters].

PMID- 3692239
TI  - [Metabolism of plutonium-239 in rats when administered intramuscularly in a
      complex with tributyl phosphate].

PMID- 3692240
TI  - [Toxicologic and hygienic evaluation of the relative selectivity of the action of
      pesticides].

PMID- 3692241
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of the efficacy of recreation as affected by different
      acoustic conditions].

PMID- 3692242
TI  - [Experience and objectives of working with young scientists and specialists].

PMID- 3692243
TI  - [Autonomico-vascular dysfunction syndrome in workers exposed to low levels of
      chlorobenzene and tricresol].

PMID- 3692244
TI  - [Phase structure of myocardial contraction in workers exposed to low-frequency
      general vibration].

PMID- 3692245
TI  - [Clinical and physiological aspects of the effect of local pulse vibration on the
      body].

PMID- 3692246
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of various types of current ultrasonic equipment].

PMID- 3692247
TI  - [Occupational hygiene in the production of zinc and copper phosphides].

PMID- 3692248
TI  - [Mechanism of disorders of reproductive function of male albino rats exposed to
      copper chloride].

PMID- 3692249
TI  - [Electromyographic indicators in the remote period after chronic lead poisoning].

PMID- 3692250
TI  - [Characteristics of working conditions and the health status of workers in the
      sintering industry].

PMID- 3692251
TI  - [Effect of orthonaphthoquinone diazine photolysis products on the health status
      of photocopyists].

PMID- 3692252
TI  - [Medical and organizational problems of preventing occupational pathology in tree
      fellers].

PMID- 3692253
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of hepatotropic substances using various experimental
      models].

PMID- 3692254
TI  - [Toxicologic and hygienic characteristics of yeast-like fungi--industrial
      producers of dietary proteins].

PMID- 3692255
TI  - [Correlation of the biological effects of electromagnetic short-wave radiation
      and the duration of exposure].

PMID- 3692256
TI  - [Hygienic characteristics of working conditions in the production of silicon
      fluoride ammonium].

PMID- 3692257
TI  - [The antioxidant system of the blood and liver after exposure to industrial
      copper-containing dust].

PMID- 3692258
TI  - [Comparative toxicity of soluble rubidium compounds].

PMID- 3692259
TI  - [A method of triple rosette formation using tuberculin in the diagnosis of active
      silicotuberculosis].

PMID- 3692260
TI  - [Use of calculation methods in preventing over-exposure of medical personnel at a
      radioisotope teletherapy department].

PMID- 3692261
TI  - [Role of cotton and flax dust in the development of pathologic changes in the
      upper segment of the respiratory tract].

PMID- 3692262
TI  - Reaction of methylated urates with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl.
AB  - The kinetics of the reaction between the stable free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2
      picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and methylated urates was studied. Urates that had methyl
      groups on the 1,3,9, or on the 1 and 3 or 1 and 9 nitrogens reacted with DPPH 15
      to 77% faster than uric acid. Urates substituted with methyl groups on the 7
      nitrogen or on both the 3 and 9 nitrogens reacted with DPPH at rates that were
      less than 0.1 that of uric acid. 3,7,9-Trimethyluric acid and 1,3,7,9
      tetramethyluric acid reacted with DPPH at barely detectable rates. DPPH reacted
      with uric acid, the monomethylated urates, and some of the dimethylated urates in
      a ratio of 2:1. DPPH reacted with other dimethylated and trimethylated urates in
      a ratio of 1:1. Semiempirical MNDO calculations indicate that the most stable
      radical of uric acid is formed by hydrogen abstraction from the 3, 7 or 9
      position. The most stable species resulting from loss of a second hydrogen lack
      hydrogens at the 3 and 7 positions or the 7 and 9 positions. For maximum
      reactivity with DPPH, methylated uric acid derivatives must have a hydrogen at
      nitrogen 7 and one of the hydrogens at either the 3 or 9 position.

PMID- 3692263
TI  - Limitations of the hemoglobin method for detecting lipid hydroperoxides.
AB  - The method using peroxidase activity of hemoglobin (Hb) for the determination of
      lipid peroxides, trilinoleoylglycerol hydroperoxides and phosphatidylcholine
      hydroperoxides as substrates and tetramethyl benzidine as electron donor for the
      peroxidase reaction of Hb. The reactivities of these substrates were different.
      Some electron donors were tested for peroxidase activity of Hb, but none showed a
      complete reduction of methyl linoleate hydroperoxides. From these results, the Hb
      method needs to be carefully applied to biological materials that contain
      mixtures of different types of lipid classes.

PMID- 3692264
TI  - Lipid peroxidation and the resulting damage to biological membranes.

PMID- 3692265
TI  - [Effect of psychoprophylactic training in classes on labor on selected aspects of
      natural feeding. I].

PMID- 3692266
TI  - [Serum levels of transport proteins and immunoproteins in pregnant women with
      toxoplasmosis and those without infection].

PMID- 3692267
TI  - [Analysis of the possibilities of reducing tissue trauma during gynecological
      operations].

PMID- 3692268
TI  - [Risk factors in breast neoplasms].

PMID- 3692269
TI  - [Urethral syndrome in women and its treatment with dimethyl sulfoxide].

PMID- 3692270
TI  - [Pregnancy, labor and puerperium in a patient with Nelson syndrome].

PMID- 3692272
TI  - A genetic study of neostriatal cholinergic neurones in C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice.
AB  - In the present study Butcher's pharmaco-histochemical technique for
      acetylcholinesterase has been employed for a morphometrical analysis of striatal
      cholinergic neurones in crossbred C57BL/6 x DBA/2 F1 mice. The general
      organization of neostriatal cholinergic systems in hybrid mice was similar to
      that of parent strains. However, as shown by morphometry, the size of neostriatum
      in hybrids was larger than that of both parental strains, and the density of
      striatal cholinergic neurones was significantly lower than that of DBA/2 mice,
      being close to that of the C57BL/6 strain. The present data indicate that a
      reduced number of striatal cholinergic neurones is inherited as a dominant trait
      by these hybrid mice.

PMID- 3692273
TI  - Evaluation of disability in Parkinson's disease. Clinical evaluation and
      instrumental tests.
AB  - To investigate the relationship between instrumental and clinical tests and their
      validity for the evaluation of disability in Parkinson's disease, we studied 33
      patients using three neuropsychological tests for speed and motor evaluation, as
      well as Yahr's Clinical and the Northwestern University Disability Scales for
      clinical purposes. Multiple regression analysis revealed that clinical measures
      explain 30% of disability variance and instrumental tests 34%, although without
      statistical significance. However, used simultaneously they may account for 98%
      (p less than 0.02). These results suggest that clinical and instrumental measures
      are complementary and should be used together in the evaluation of Parkinson's
      disease.

PMID- 3692271
TI  - Conditioning the placebo response in the rotational model of Parkinson's disease.
AB  - Persistent behavioural effect of the direct dopamine receptors agonist
      apomorphine in the rotational model of Parkinson's disease was investigated. We
      show how this placebo response can be considered an extraordinary example of
      environment-drug associative learning and how it can be related to a critical
      point of the time-course response to the drug after repeated administration.
      Classical conditioning of "placebo response" in an animal model of a neurological
      or psychiatric disease had not been reported previously.

PMID- 3692274
TI  - Carotid compression test and supraorbital photoelectric plethysmography in
      patients with carotid TIAs.
AB  - Fifty-two patients with carotid transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) were subjected
      to subsequent compression of the common carotid and superficial temporal artery.
      An EEG recording was monitored simultaneously with plethysmograms from both
      supraorbital regions during the arterial compression period. All patients were
      angiographically classified as normal (Group A, n = 25) with less than 50%
      stenosis (Group B, n = 14) and with more than 50% stenosis (Group C, n = 13),
      according to the degree of internal carotid stenosis. The carotid compression
      test was positive in 6 (11%) of our 52 patients, corresponding to 1 (4%) patient
      from Group A, 1 (7%) from Group B and 4 (30%) from Group C. In contrast,
      supraorbital photoelectric plethysmography (SOPPL) yielded abnormal results in 17
      (33%) of our 52 patients, corresponding to 3 (12%) patients from Group A, 4 (28%)
      from Group B and 10 (77%) from Group C. We conclude that in view of the false
      positive results (12%) obtained with the SOPPL technique, the clinician who
      interprets these findings should be careful and combine these tests with other
      tests, preferably hemodynamic, for a final decision about the patient's status.

PMID- 3692275
TI  - Post-amputation phantom pain and autonomous stump movements responsive to
      doxepin.
AB  - A 40-year old man with post-amputation phantom pain and involuntary autonomous
      movements experienced dramatic relief of both pain and autonomous movements with
      administration of the antidepressant doxepin. The pathophysiology of pain and
      post-amputation autonomous movements, as well as the therapeutic response to
      doxepin are discussed in terms of the effects of limb amputation on spinal
      excitability and alterations in both spinal and supraspinal transmitter
      functions.

PMID- 3692276
TI  - Abnormal pro-opiomelanocortin processing in Alzheimer's disease. A case report.
AB  - Several authors have reported reduced levels of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)
      related peptides in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with Alzheimer's
      disease (AD), but the mechanisms regulating the CSF content of these substances
      are still debated. In this case report the processing of POMC peptides has been
      investigated post-mortem (HPLC and RIA methods) at the pituitary and hypothalamic
      level in an AD patient and in a control subject. From the results obtained it
      seems likely that defects of axonal transport and/or secretion rather than
      synthesis could account for the abnormalities of POMC peptides in the CSF.

PMID- 3692277
TI  - Extrapyramidal symptoms and flunarizine.

PMID- 3692278
TI  - [Mitral valve function as a criterion of the efficacy of closed mitral
      commissurotomy].

PMID- 3692279
TI  - [Causes and prevention of posttraumatic pleural empyema].

PMID- 3692280
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of lobar emphysema in children].

PMID- 3692281
TI  - [Repeated operations for malignant lung tumors].

PMID- 3692282
TI  - [Fiber optic bronchoscopy and transbronchial selective electroplethysmography in
      the differential diagnosis of peripheral cancer and focal inflammatory processes
      in the lungs].

PMID- 3692283
TI  - [Primary tumors of the heart].

PMID- 3692284
TI  - [Pulmonary diffusing capacity and its components following operations on the
      lungs].

PMID- 3692285
TI  - [Ventilation and perfusion distribution in children following lung resection for
      chronic nonspecific inflammatory diseases].

PMID- 3692286
TI  - [Plombage of pathological pleural cavities].

PMID- 3692287
TI  - [Correction of the hemostasis system following pneumonectomy].

PMID- 3692289
TI  - [Endoscopic semeiotics of cancer of the esophagus].

PMID- 3692288
TI  - [Experimental development of compression esophagogastric anastomoses using the
      AKA-2 apparatus and the SPTU modified apparatus].

PMID- 3692290
TI  - [A programmable aspiration-lavage system for treating pleural empyema].

PMID- 3692291
TI  - [Pathogenesis, diagnosis and pharmaceutical correction of hypoxia in surgery
      during prolonged artificial circulation].

PMID- 3692292
TI  - [Functional failure of a Bjork-Shiley mitral disc prosthesis--strut fracture with
      migration of the disc obturator].

PMID- 3692293
TI  - [Plastic surgery of the mitral valve chordae tendineae in mitral valve
      insufficiency].

PMID- 3692294
TI  - [3 cases of posttraumatic intracardiac defects].

PMID- 3692295
TI  - [A rare complication of a heart wound].

PMID- 3692296
TI  - [Bronchial defect resection and plastic surgery of the main bronchus using a
      periosteal-muscular autotransplant in a 4-year-old girl].

PMID- 3692297
TI  - Enteropancreatic adaptation: new approaches. Proceedings of the Third
      International Conference on Intestinal and Pancreatic Adaptation. Titisee, West
      Germany, 11-14 June 1986.

PMID- 3692298
TI  - Effect of chronic bombesin on pancreatic size, composition and secretory function
      in the rat.
AB  - Bombesin administered subcutaneously to rats, three times daily for four days,
      induces pancreatic growth at a dose of 10 micrograms/kg. Growth was characterised
      by an increased pancreatic weight and content in protein and RNA, accompanied by
      cellular hypertrophy. Chronic bombesin also enhanced the pancreatic content in
      chymotrypsin and to a lesser degree its contents in amylase and lipase. The
      volume of the secretion and the output of enzymes in response to CCK under an
      infusion of secretin, however, remained unchanged although the functional
      capacity of individual cells to secret amylase and lipase was reduced. It is
      concluded that chronic bombesin exerts a trophic action on the rat pancreas but
      decreases the sensitivity of each cell to hormonal stimulation.

PMID- 3692299
TI  - Inhibition of intestinal cell proliferation by villous cell extract.
AB  - In order to verify the hypothesis that intestinal cell proliferation is
      controlled by a mitotic inhibitor, extracts of villous epithelial cells from
      different species were analysed to study their effect on the proliferation of
      various intestinal cells. Villous extracts from rat and rabbit strongly and
      reversibly inhibited cell division and DNA synthesis in a rat intestinal
      epithelial cell line and a primary culture of rabbit intestinal epithelial cells.
      This non-cytotoxic, tissue specific but not species specific factor is present in
      both villous cells and crypt cells, with the highest concentrations occurring in
      the superficial epithelial cells. Assay of a partial purification of this factor
      showed that it has a molecular weight of approximately 190,000 daltons.

PMID- 3692300
TI  - Intestinal cells produce basement membrane proteins in vitro.
AB  - The epithelial-mesenchymal interface of the intestinal mucosa obviously plays an
      important role in supporting the mucosal architecture. Its significance for the
      process of migration and differentiation of the epithelial cells remains to be
      resolved. It consists of a basement membrane, the anchoring zone and the
      subepithelial connective tissue, the origin of which is unknown. We therefore
      established an in vitro model to study the development of the endodermal
      mesenchymal interface of the fetal human and murine intestinal mucosa. The
      distribution of the interstitial collagens type I, III, VI and procollagen type
      III as well as the basement membrane components collagen type IV and laminin was
      investigated immunohistochemically in these fetal explant cultures. The cultures
      were also adapted to serum free culture conditions. It was evident that while
      laminin and collagen type IV could be detected in the primary intestinal
      epithelium, the formation of an authentic basement membrane required the presence
      of both the epithelial and the mesenchymal cells. Interstitial collagens and
      procollagen type III were produced exclusively by the mesenchymal cells. Basement
      membrane formation in vitro coincided with cytodifferentiation of the endodermal
      cells as betrayed by electron microscopy and the activity of brush border
      enzymes. In conclusion, the maturation of the endoderm and the formation of the
      subepithelial basement membrane require the intimate proximity of viable
      mesenchyme in vitro.

PMID- 3692301
TI  - Growth stimulating activity associated with an altered cell renewal pattern in
      the small intestine.
AB  - A growth stimulating activity has been recently identified in the rat proximal
      intestine during the transient stages of adaptation after small bowel resection.
      This study shows that the growth stimulating activity is associated with all the
      cells of the crypt-villus axis. At the same time the thymidine kinase activity is
      detectable in all the cells implying a more extensive proliferative zone during
      the transient stages of adaptation. The presence of the growth stimulating
      activity along with the more extensive proliferative zone suggests that the
      activity modulates the proliferation capacity of intestinal epithelial cells.

PMID- 3692302
TI  - Intestinal epithelial cells preferentially attach to a biomatrix derived from
      human intestinal mucosa.
AB  - Primary intestinal epithelial cells have a very short lifespan in vitro when
      cultured free of mucosal elements. Support of the basal plasma membrane by a more
      natural substrate may thus enhance the initiation of primary cell cultures. A
      cell free biomatrix consisting of native interstitial collagens, basement
      membrane fragments and microfibrils was extracted from the lamina propria of
      human intestinal mucosa. Immunofluorescence revealed the presence of collagens
      type III, IV, and VI and procollagens type I and III as well as fibronectin,
      laminin and undulin. Primary crypt cells of suckling mice displayed a
      significantly increased affinity to pepsin and collagenase solubilised intestinal
      biomatrix when compared with plastic and fibronectin. Colonies of primary crypt
      cells survived for up to four days and longer on pepsin solubilised biomatrix but
      only for 48 hours on fibronectin. The intestinal biomatrix preparation has proved
      to be a useful substrate for the initiation and prolongation of primary
      intestinal cell cultures.

PMID- 3692303
TI  - Adaptation of the jejunal mucosa in the experimental blind loop syndrome: changes
      in paracellular conductance and tight junction structure.
AB  - Self-filling blind loops of rat jejunum exhibit hyperregenerative transformation
      of the mucosa. We used this experimental model to characterise mechanisms, which
      may occur under similar conditions in man (stagnant loop syndrome). Epithelial
      and subepithelial resistance were measured in the Ussing-chamber by voltage
      divider ratio measurements after positioning a microelectrode between epithelium
      and subepithelial tissue layers. In the blind loop, epithelial resistance
      increased from 8 +/- 1 to 23 +/- 1 omega cm2 and subepithelial resistance from 39
      +/- 4 to 86 +/- 8 omega cm2 as compared with control jejunum. The increase in the
      subepithelial resistance was paralleled anatomically by an increase in the
      thickness of the subepithelial tissue layers from 63 +/- 4 microns to 177 +/- 19
      microns. Ultrastructural analysis of the tight junction area by freeze fracture
      electron microscopy revealed an increase in the total junctional 'depth' in the
      crypts from 243 +/- 9 nm in control jejunum to 396 +/- 17 nm in the blind loop,
      while the number of horizontally oriented 'strands' remained unchanged. Villus
      tight junctions did not differ between blind loop and control. We interpret the
      alterations in the self-filling blind loop as an adaptive response of the
      epithelium which reduces backleakage of already absorbed electrolytes across the
      tight junction into the intestinal lumen. This mechanism is suitable to support
      the intestine in maintaining body electrolyte and water contents during cellular
      electrolyte malabsorption.

PMID- 3692304
TI  - Proximal enterectomy provides a stronger systemic stimulus to intestinal
      adaptation than distal enterectomy.
AB  - Enteroglucagon has been implicated as a tropic hormone in the control of
      intestinal adaptation. Because cells producing enteroglucagon are located mainly
      in the distal small bowel (and colon), ileal resection might be expected to
      produce less adaptive change than a jejunal resection of equivalent length. This
      hypothesis was tested in male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 40) weighing 184.0 +/- 7.3
      g and receiving a Thiry-Vella fistula (TVF) of the mid-60% of the small
      intestine. One group had concomitant resection of the jejunum proximal to the TVF
      (n = 12), another had resection of the ileum distal to the TVF (n = 13), while
      controls had a TVF alone (n = 15). When killed 10 days postoperatively rats with
      ileal resection weighed only 81% of controls (p less than 0.001) and 85% of those
      with jejunal resection (p less than 0.01). Jejunal resection produced an 81%
      increase in crypt cell production rate (measured by a stathmokinetic technique)
      over control values (28.5 +/- 4.2 v 15.8 +/- 2.3 cells/crypt/h: p = 0.025),
      whereas ileal resection had no demonstrable effect (17.5 +/- 2.3 cells/crypt/h).
      Adaptive hyperplasia in isolated small bowel is modulated by factors localised to
      the distal small intestine, enteroglucagon being a plausible candidate.

PMID- 3692305
TI  - Pancreatic size and enzyme contents after vagal deafferentation in jejunectomised
      pigs under free or restricted feeding.
AB  - A factorial experiment was designed to test under different feeding levels the
      effects of the surgical deprivation of sensory afferences (deafferentation)
      arising from the gastrointestinal tract, including the intestinal
      chemosensitivity, on the jejunectomised pig used as a model. Within 28 days, the
      limited jejunectomy failed to affect the pancreas and the enzyme activities were
      not affected by the feeding level (within the limit of 70% of ad libitum). It was
      shown that the deafferentation induced significant reductions in the pancreatic
      tissue mass and in the various enzyme activities, thus suggesting the possible
      importance of intestinal sensibility for the pancreas.

PMID- 3692306
TI  - Simultaneous measurement of intestinal crypt cell production rate and water
      absorption.
AB  - Intestinal cell proliferation and cell production is best quantified by measuring
      the rate of accumulation of vincristine arrested metaphases in microdissected
      intestinal crypts to determine the crypt cell production rate (CCPR). Studies of
      intestinal adaptation could be much more informative if a valid measure of
      intestinal function could also be included. One such method is the water
      absorption capacity. The CCPR of the jejunum and intestinal water absorption were
      measured in 19 groups of hypo and hyperproliferative rats which were in a 'steady
      state' of cell production and turnover. The minimum values were obtained after
      hypophysectomy and the maximum values were observed in lactation. Crypt cell
      production rate and absorption were significantly correlated (p less than 0.001)
      to each other. There was a significant (p less than 0.001) correlation between
      both CCPR and absorption and dry weight of the intestinal segment studies and
      food intake. Body weight was a poor predictor of either CCPR or absorption. The
      combined study of CCPR and water absorption is thus a practical and convenient
      approach to the study of intestinal cell proliferation and intestinal adaptation.

PMID- 3692307
TI  - Neurotensin induces hyperplasia of the pancreas and growth of the gastric antrum
      in rats.
AB  - We investigated whether chronic subcutaneous infusion of neurotensin during 14
      days would affect pancreatic and gastric growth of rats. In another experiment,
      neurotensin (836 pmol/kg) was injected intraperitoneally three times a day for
      three days in 12 rats. Thereafter, pancreatic DNA and in vitro incorporation of
      3H-thymidine into pancreatic DNA was determined. Long term infusion of 282
      pmol/kg neurotensin induced an increase of pancreatic weight, DNA, and pancreatic
      polypeptide, whereas pancreatic protein, RNA, amylase and lipase contents were
      not increased. In relation to DNA, even these parameters were significantly
      depressed. Insulin remained unchanged. Neurotensin, therefore, caused hyperplasia
      of the pancreas. Intraperitoneal injection of neurotensin induced an increase of
      pancreatic DNA content and stimulated 3H-thymidine incorporation into DNA,
      whereas caerulein only augmented 3H-thymidine incorporation. Moreover, long term
      neurotensin infusion led to a rise in protein concentration and an increase in
      the thickness of the gastric antrum; antral DNA concentration was insignificantly
      stimulated. Neurotensin, therefore, can act as a trophic factor on pancreas and
      gastric antrum of the rat.

PMID- 3692309
TI  - Tryptophan rich diet as a new approach to study the serotoninergic
      enteropancreatic axis.
AB  - The influence of a tryptophan enriched diet (L-tryptophan added as 1% of total
      diet), fed over 10 days, on the rat duodenum and pancreas was studied by
      immunohistology, measurements of serotonin and tryptophan tissue concentrations
      by HPLC, and incubations of pancreatic lobules. Ingestion of a tryptophan
      enriched diet resulted in increased contents of tryptophan and serotonin in the
      duodenum that was not accompanied by a significant change of the serotonin cell
      density. Neither basal nor CCK-stimulated amylase release from isolated
      pancreatic lobules was altered after tryptophan enriched food. Although serotonin
      could be extracted from the pancreas, no increase in serotonin concentration was
      detected after ingestion of the tryptophan diet. A 'serotonin loading' diet may
      be a useful tool to study the significance of amines produced by gut endocrine
      cells in respects to enteropancreatic connections.

PMID- 3692308
TI  - Effect of pancreatic atrophy and hypertrophy on the small intestine.
AB  - Intestinal enzyme activities were investigated in mice with spontaneously
      occurring exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI), in rats after induction of
      pancreatic insufficiency by intraductal injection of oleic acid, and in rats
      after feeding a proteinase inhibitor (Camostate) which induced a marked
      pancreatic hypertrophy. An increase in saccharase activity and in vitro uptake of
      L-phenylalanine was found in EPI mice, while activities of alkaline phosphatase
      and lactase were not altered. In oleic acid induced pancreatic insufficiency and
      in pancreatic hypertrophy no alterations in enzyme activities were observed.
      Morphometric analysis revealed no alterations in mucosal surface of EPI mice. It
      was suggested that the small intestine adapts fuctionally to severe and long
      lasting pancreatic insufficiency, but not to pancreatic hypertrophy.

PMID- 3692310
TI  - Fate of pancreatic nodules induced by raw soya flour in rats.
AB  - We have previously shown that rats fed raw soya flour (RSF) for more than four
      months develop hyperplastic foci of pancreatic acinar cells, which undergo
      malignant change if feeding RSF is continued throughout the life of the animals.
      The tendency to undergo malignant change is augmented by the additional use of a
      genotoxic carcinogen such as azaserine. The present study has sought to examine
      the reversibility of the focal neoplastic change in the pancreas. Rats fed RSF
      for 24 weeks and then given a diet not containing soya flour (NSC) had a normal
      pancreas when killed after 60 weeks of study. When RSF was fed for only 36 weeks,
      however, some of the rats developed pancreatic cancer even though the diet had
      been switched to NSC. Similarly, while azaserine in the dose used in the present
      study does not produce pancreatic cancer in our strain of Wistar rats, coincident
      administration of RSF for 12 weeks (but not for six weeks) resulted in
      progression to pancreatic adenoma. Although change from RSF to NSC after 30 weeks
      resulted in rapid reduction in pancreatic weight and content of RNA, neoplastic
      foci persisted and became frankly malignant. We conclude that phenotypic
      reversion to normal of the RSF diet- and azaserine-treated rat pancreas is only
      possible if RSF alone is fed continuously for not more than about 24 weeks or six
      weeks if the rats have been exposed to a pancreatic initiating carcinogen.

PMID- 3692311
TI  - Distribution of gastrointestinal hormones in the adaptive response after small
      bowel transplantation.
AB  - Enteroendocrine regulatory peptides may play an important role in the adaptation
      of small bowel mucosa, and it is likely that they act interdependently with
      neural and luminal stimuli. We assessed their action in rats by morphometric
      evaluation of enteroendocrine cells after heterotopic accessory small bowel
      transplantation (SBT), in which the graft is shunted off from the intestinal
      passage and is entirely deprived of neural connections, and after orthotopic SBT
      with normal intestinal passage. Sections of the jejunum and the ileum of the
      graft were immunostained with antibodies to cholecystokinin (CKK), neurotensin
      (NT) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). The amount and distribution of
      positive cells was assessed semiquantitatively. Three weeks after SBT in the
      heterotopic graft there was a marked decrease in CCK and NT positive cells and
      VIP positive fibres in the entire organ, compared with the controls. Histological
      examination revealed that villi and crypts had atrophied. After orthotopic SBT
      the number of CCK and NT positive cells increased and exceeded normal values by
      20-40%. VIP positive fibres did not reach normal amounts. No mucosal atrophy was
      detected. These findings support the view that the intrinsic neurohormonal system
      is reestablished in the grafted small bowel and that enteroendocrine regulatory
      peptides may act as trophic factors that are responsible for adaptation after
      SBT.

PMID- 3692312
TI  - Growth and differentiation of intestinal endodermal cells in a coculture system.
AB  - To investigate the role of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions on intestinal
      maturation, we cultured embryonic epithelial cells in several experimental
      conditions. Microexplants of 14-15 days fetal rat intestinal endoderm, separated
      from the mesenchyme by collagenase, were seeded on dishes coated with different
      extracellular matrix components (collagens I, III, IV, fibronectin, laminin) or
      on confluent monolayers of intestinal mesenchymal cells or of fetal skin
      fibroblasts. Only small variations in the attachment or spreading of the
      endodermal cells could be observed when they were cultured on the different
      substrata and their survival never exceeded one week. When cocultured with
      intestinal or skin fibroblasts, however, endodermal cells grew, formed a
      monolayer, survival time was prolonged up to two to three weeks, and
      differentiation occurred. This differentiation was assessed by cell polarisation,
      morphological maturation of apical brush borders, synthesis of microvillar
      digestive enzymes and of extracellular matrix molecules seen
      immunocytochemically. Finally, glucocorticoids which are known to stimulate or
      induce brush border enzymes, accelerated the morphological and enzymatic
      maturation only in the cocultures.

PMID- 3692313
TI  - Characterisation of humoral trophic factors involved in intestinal adaptation
      using a 3T3 cell growth factor assay.
AB  - Indirect evidence has suggested that circulating trophic factor(s) are involved
      in intestinal adaptation. A 3T3 fibroblast cell culture system was used to more
      directly delineate the presence of such factors. Rats were divided into four
      groups; C-unop, those undergoing no surgery, S, those in which a dorsal slit was
      made; C-op, those in which the peritoneum was incised; and R, those undergoing
      80% intestinal resection. At the time of death at 24 hours, one week and two
      weeks postoperative, stimulation of DNA synthesis in the 3T3 cells was noted
      after incubation with platelet free plasma from the C-op and R groups, and
      simultaneously an increase in ileal DNA specific activity occurred.
      Characterisation of the plasma fraction with growth factor activity revealed it
      to have a MW of greater than 6,000 and less than 14,000 d. The factor(s) was
      resistant to reduction with DTT, and was partially inactivated by heating to 60
      degrees C. The use of 3T3 cell growth factor assay system allows further
      characterisation of circulating factors involved in intestinal adaptation.

PMID- 3692314
TI  - Jejunal bypass stimulation of pancreatic growth and cholecystokinin secretion in
      rats: importance of luminal nutrients.
AB  - The effect of jejunal bypass on pancreatic growth and plasma cholecystokinin
      (CCK) was investigated in rats. Rats underwent bypass of jejunum or sham
      operation. Rats with jejunal bypass were further divided into three groups; one
      group received a continuous infusion of a partially hydrolysed liquid diet
      (Vital) into the bypassed jejunum; a second group received the nutrient solution
      mixed with trypsin and infused into the bypassed jejunum; the third bypass group
      did not receive infusion of nutrient or trypsin into the jejunum. Jejunal bypass
      alone did not significantly stimulate pancreatic growth or DNA content at one or
      two weeks postoperative. Infusion of nutrient solution into the bypassed jejunum
      stimulated pancreatic growth and DNA content, with maximal increases of 185% and
      181% for pancreatic weight and DNA content, respectively, at two weeks. This
      coincided with significant increases in postabsorptive plasma CCK concentrations.
      Infusion of pancreatic proteases into the bypassed jejunum partially reversed the
      effects of nutrient infusion. These results suggest that exclusion of bile
      pancreatic juice or pancreatic proteases from the jejunum does not lead to
      maximal release of CCK unless the jejunum receives luminal nutrients. It is
      proposed that CCK release from rat jejunum occurs spontaneously in the absence of
      pancreatic proteases, and that luminal nutrients in bypassed jejunum increase
      plasma CCK and stimulate pancreatic growth by maintaining synthesis of CCK.

PMID- 3692316
TI  - Longterm pancreaticobiliary diversion stimulates hyperplastic and adenomatous
      nodules in the rat pancreas: a new model for spontaneous tumour formation.
AB  - A model for spontaneous tumour formation in the rat pancreas is described that
      requires neither cocarcinogens nor dietary manipulation. Short term
      hypercholecystokininaemia, when induced by raw soya flour feeding, induces benign
      and malignant tumours of the rat pancreas. Pancreaticobiliary diversion (PBD)
      results in hypercholecystokininaemia and in the short term, pancreatic
      hyperplasia. Longterm PBD was done to establish whether hypercholecystokininaemia
      thus produced would also lead to pancreatic neoplasia. After a period of 16-21
      months hyperplastic and adenomatous nodules, one of the latter showing carcinoma
      in situ, were found in PBD rats but not in sham operated control rats.

PMID- 3692315
TI  - Intestinal free trypsin concentrations fall only transiently when rats are fed
      raw soya flour.
AB  - Raw soya flour (RSF) is thought to cause pancreatic hypertrophy in rats because
      trypsin inhibitor in the flour binds trypsin in the gut lumen and this lowering
      of free trypsin concentrations leads to the release of cholecystokinin (CCK).
      Intestinal enzyme concentrations were therefore studied in rats fed RSF for from
      one hour to 400 days to determine whether free trypsin concentrations were
      depressed during the period of pancreatic growth (up to six to eight weeks after
      starting RSF). Intestinal levels of enzymes were raised from one hour after
      starting the diet up to 400 days, indicating that stimulation of pancreatic
      secretion continued for as long as this diet was fed. Free trypsin concentrations
      were, however depressed only for the first 12 hours. It seems unlikely,
      therefore, that lowered free trypsin concentrations alone stimulate the release
      of CCK in these animals.

PMID- 3692317
TI  - Exocrine pancreatic nodules after longterm pancreaticobiliary diversion in rats.
      An effect of raised CCK plasma concentrations.
AB  - Surgical diversion of bile and pancreatic secretions to the mid small bowel has
      been shown to provoke increased CCK plasma concentration and growth of the
      pancreas in rats. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of chronic
      pancreaticobiliary diversion on pancreatic morphology as well as the circulating
      concentrations of pancreatic polypeptide, secretin, gastrin, and CCK. Fifteen
      month diversion provoked 73 and 86% increases in pancreatic weight and volume (p
      less than 0.001). Cholecystokinin blood concentration increased by 98%, from 20.9
      +/- 5.7 pg/ml in controls to 41.3 +/- 5.4 after diversion (p less than 0.05), but
      pancreatic polypeptide, secretin, and gastrin levels were not affected. The
      volume of the exocrine pancreas doubled from 1104.6 +/- 78.2 mm3 in controls to
      2201.2 +/- 229.2 (p less than 0.001), with a matching increase in interstitial
      tissue. On the contrary, the volume of the endocrine pancreas remained unchanged.
      Hyperplastic nodules developed in the exocrine pancreas, in 71% of diverted rats,
      but not in transected controls. We conclude from these observations that chronic
      diversion of bile and pancreatic juice stimulated pancreatic growth, most likely
      through a persistent rise of CCK plasma concentrations. Furthermore, this long
      lasting stimulation induced the development of exocrine pancreatic nodules.

PMID- 3692318
TI  - Gut hormones in adaptation.
AB  - The presence of a circulating factor affecting gut growth can be surmised from
      the findings in gut isolated from the main food stream and not under direct
      nutritional influence. Thus when a Thiry Vella fistula is constructed and the
      crypt cell production rate counted in the fistula it can be shown to correlate
      with the degree of resection of the main bowel left in continuity. The only
      hormones which become raised in a similar pattern are enteroglucagon and peptide
      tyrosine tyrosine (PYY). Enteroglucagon has been shown to be part of
      preproglucagon, which contains in addition oxyntomodulin, glucagon like peptide 1
      1-37 and 6-36NH2 and glucagon like peptide 2. These form the main candidates for
      the 'hormone of gut growth'. Peptide tyrosine tyrosine has been tested by direct
      administration over 12 days, matching the natural rise, but no affect on crypt
      cell production rate was seen. Glucagon like peptide 1 1-37 was similarly tested
      and also found to produce no effect. It remains to test the other members of the
      glucagon family to confirm or refute the hypothesis that one of them is the
      enigmatic small gut growth factor.

PMID- 3692319
TI  - CCK-related peptides stimulation of the Na+/H+ antiport in pancreatic acinar
      cells leads to cytoplasmic alkalinisation.
AB  - Caerulein, gastrin and pentagastrin stimulation of the Na+/H+ exchange leads to
      intracellular alkalinisation in pancreatic acinar cells. Activation of protein
      kinase-C is the more probable mechanism involved in the effect of caerulein.

PMID- 3692321
TI  - An alternative to isolating patients.

PMID- 3692322
TI  - A joint venture in continuing education.

PMID- 3692320
TI  - Effect of monoclonal antibodies to enteroglucagon on ileal adaptation after
      proximal small bowel resection.
AB  - On the basis of circumstantial clinical and experimental evidence, it has been
      suggested that enteroglucagon (EG) may act as an enterotrophic factor. This study
      was undertaken to evaluate the effects of long term in vivo immunoneutralisation
      of EG, using monoclonal antibodies to EG, on the hyperplastic ileal response
      after small bowel resection. Nineteen rats had a 70% proximal resection. A group
      of 10 rats was given iv 0.5 ml of undiluted hybridoma ascites immediately after
      the operation and on the 7th day postoperatively. Furthermore 0.025 ml/day of the
      same hybridoma ascitic fluid was continuously delivered ip for 14 days via mini
      osmotic pumps. The hybridoma ascites was prepared from the clone 23.6B4
      synthesising a monoclonal antibody directed toward the N-terminal to central
      region of the glucagon molecule which showed a marked crossreaction with EG. A
      control group of 9 rats was given a corresponding amount of antibody-free
      plasmacytoma ascites (Ag 8.653) by the same technique. Seven and 14 days
      postoperatively there was a plasma anti-EG-antibody excess with an excess binding
      capacity of 84.9 glucagon eq nM and 88.5 glucagon eq nM respectively. The three
      dimensional architecture and the proliferative activity of the ileal remnant were
      evaluated two weeks postoperatively. Despite a continuous immunoneutralisation of
      circulating endogenous EG by monoclonal antibodies, the adaptive response of the
      ileal remnants was of the same magnitude as that seen in the control group. These
      data do not support the hypothesis that EG is a circulating enterotrophic
      regulatory peptide.

PMID- 3692323
TI  - Not all road shows tour Europe.

PMID- 3692324
TI  - Delirium.

PMID- 3692325
TI  - Easy transfer with the long board.

PMID- 3692326
TI  - Shattering the research mystique.

PMID- 3692327
TI  - Iodine-based contrast agents.

PMID- 3692328
TI  - Easy-to-use nutritional supplements.

PMID- 3692329
TI  - Irving Kleinman: music man.

PMID- 3692331
TI  - Effect of a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, pindolol, on human uterine smooth
      muscle.
AB  - The effect of a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, pindolol, on uterine smooth muscle
      in term pregnant women was studied in vitro and in vivo (in hypertensive women).
      In most preparations in vitro and in most patients in vivo, the drug induced an
      inhibitory effect on spontaneous uterine activity. The fetal heart rate was not
      affected by the drug. These actions of pindolol would make it an appropriate drug
      in the therapy of hypertension in pregnancy.

PMID- 3692330
TI  - Maternal blood distribution of zinc and copper during labor and after delivery.
AB  - In 15 normal mothers the stress effects of labor on zinc and copper distributions
      in erythrocytes and plasma were investigated. Lower levels of total zinc and of
      zinc derived from both carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes (CA-I and CA-II), especially
      from CA-I, in erythrocytes were obtained immediately after delivery. On the other
      hand, there was a significant increase in total plasma zinc concentration only on
      admission to hospital in labor, although albumin-bound zinc concentration
      remained elevated throughout the entire labor. These results suggest that there
      are unexplained disparities between the changes in zinc levels in maternal
      erythrocytes and plasma during labor.

PMID- 3692332
TI  - Systemic concentrations of metronidazole and its main metabolites after
      intravenous oral and vaginal administration.
AB  - Metronidazole kinetics was studied in 5 healthy women after a single dose given
      intravenously, orally or vaginally, 500, 400 and 500 mg, respectively. Serum
      levels of the drug and of its hydroxy and acid metabolites were assessed. The
      results after intravenous and oral boluses were consistent with previous reports.
      After vaginal dose maximum serum levels of about 1 microgram/ml of the drug were
      obtained between 9 and 24 h after the dose. Maximum concentration of the hydroxy
      metabolite was about 0.3 microgram/ml after 24 h. Bioavailability of the drug was
      19 +/- 3% after the vaginal dose as compared to 100 +/- 5% after the oral dose.
      Daily insertion into the vagina of 500 mg metronidazole resulted in a maximum
      serum concentration of 1.2 +/- 0.2 microgram/ml of the parent drug and of 0.6 +/-
      0.1 microgram/ml of the hydroxy metabolite after about 3 days (range 2-4) after
      which no accumulation was noted. Urinary excretion of the metabolites was
      considerably lower after vaginal than after intravenous or oral administration,
      but the proportion between the two metabolites in the urine was constant.

PMID- 3692333
TI  - Radioimmunoscintigraphy using monoclonal antibodies before second-look surgery in
      patients suffering from ovarian cancer.
AB  - 19 patients with a known history of ovarian cancer were investigated by
      radioimmunoscintigraphy (RIS) to look for recurrent disease a few days before
      second-look surgery. The tumor-associated monoclonal antibody HMFG-2 (400
      micrograms/patient) was injected intravenously after labeling with radioactive
      123I (0.5-2.2 mCi/patient). Scans were reviewed for activity accumulations due to
      uptake of the tumor-associated antibody by tumor sites. In 15 out of the 19 cases
      the scan results correlated with the intraoperative findings. There were 2 false
      positive and 2 false-negative scans, the latter in patients with subclinical
      disease. The smallest lesion detected by radioimmunoscintigraphy had a diameter
      of 1.5 cm. In 3 patients, tumor sites were identified that had been missed by all
      other routinely performed methods of investigation including transmission
      computed tomography. These data indicate that RIS is of considerable clinical
      value in the early detection and localization of recurrent ovarian cancer and
      may, therefore, improve the management of these patients.

PMID- 3692334
TI  - Hemoglobin barts hydrops fetalis syndrome.
AB  - A 25 year old Vietnamese-Canadian pregnant woman was referred to our regional
      perinatal center at 31 weeks gestation after a routine ultrasound examination
      showing fetal ascites. A diagnosis of non-immune hydrops fetalis was made, and a
      Caesarean section was performed two days after hospital admission. An infant with
      Hb Barts hydrops fetalis was delivered who expired one hour after birth. alpha
      Globin gene mapping of fetal DNA confirmed the diagnosis of homozygous alpha
      thalassemia with deletion of all four alpha-globin genes. Both parents were shown
      to have alpha-thalassemia trait with deletion of both alpha-globin genes on one
      chromosome. This report further illustrates the need for a simple screening test
      for couples at risk of giving birth to infants with homozygous alpha-thalassemia.
      The availability of such a test would facilitate genetic counselling and prenatal
      diagnosis, thereby improving the quality of obstetrical care provided to these
      women at risk.

PMID- 3692335
TI  - Effect of acute lead intoxication on the ultrastructure of rat erythroblasts and
      reticulocytes. Morphometric analysis and rontgen micro-analysis.
AB  - Effect of 17 hr intoxication of lead on the different maturation stages of
      erythroid cells were studied in rat. Morphometric methods were used to analyse
      the lead-induced ultrastructural changes in the early, intermediate, late
      erythroblasts and reticulocytes. It was found that the toxic effect of lead
      increases with maturation. Energy-dispersive Rontgen micro-analysis showed that
      fibrillar structures within vesicles and endoplasmic reticulum contained lead.

PMID- 3692336
TI  - Age-associated sensitivity to experimental, drug-induced marrow hypoplasia in
      laboratory rats.
AB  - Treatment of adult rats of three age groups (8, 11 and 29 weeks) with
      haematotoxic doses of three different cytostatic agents (cyclophosphamide, 5-(2
      dimethyl-aminoethoxy)-7-oxo-7H-benzo(c)fluorene, and lomustine) demonstrated a
      tendency to lower the sensitivity of elder animals to cytotoxic effects. The
      influence of age was especially distinct in changes of the reticulocyte or
      segmented neutrophil counts after all drugs tested. Changes in marrow nucleated
      erythroid cell counts were not significantly influenced by age. Reactions of
      other characteristics also depended on this factor but not following the
      administration of every drug.

PMID- 3692337
TI  - Natural killer activity in thyroid cancer patients.
AB  - The natural killer activity of thyroid cancer patients has been studied. The
      cytotoxic capacity was found to be elevated in tumourless patients and in cases
      of highly differentiated histologic type compared to the results of patients with
      metastasis or anaplastic tumour. The values of patients in the progressive phase
      of the disease were significantly worse compared to the healthy controls. No
      connection was found between the natural killer activity and the time elapsed
      since the operation.

PMID- 3692338
TI  - [Arthroscopic diagnosis of the wrist joint].
AB  - Arthroscopy of the wrist is a helpful diagnostic procedure. The technique of the
      arthroscopy of the wrist is described. Initial experience in 22 diagnostic
      arthroscopies of the wrist is recounted. In six cases operative procedures
      followed the diagnostic arthroscopy.

PMID- 3692339
TI  - [Alternative surgical procedure in pseudarthrosis of the scaphoid bone with a
      small proximal fragment].
AB  - The management of non-union of the scaphoid with a Herbert screw assumes a
      specific size of the proximal pole fragment. In cases of extremely small proximal
      pole fragments the length of the leading thread of the screw can cause blockage
      of the proximal pole fragment. In these instances a dorsal approach is used and
      the Herbert screw is inserted in a proximal-to-distal direction rather than the
      usual distal-to-proximal insertion. The advantages are a stable internal fixation
      and an abbreviated period of immobilization in plaster; however, the small number
      of cases reported does not permit us to draw conclusions regarding indications
      for use of this technique.

PMID- 3692340
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of Madelung's deformity: Leri-Weill syndrome].
AB  - The Leri-Weill-syndrome is a very rare disease. The presence of Madelung's
      deformity is the important feature to distinguish this dyschondrosteosis from
      other system diseases of the skeleton combined with mesomelic dwarfism. Mesomelic
      dwarfism is mostly located in the lower extremity. If the deformity causes pain
      it is necessary to do a corrective osteotomy of the distal radius.

PMID- 3692341
TI  - [Radiopalmar ganglion as the cause of an aneurysm of the radial artery].
AB  - Two radiopalmar ganglia lying close together were excised from a 44 year-old man.
      The wall of the radial artery between the ganglia and immediately proximal to it
      showed aneurysmatic changes. The affected section of the artery had to be
      resected and the artery anastomised end-to-end.

PMID- 3692342
TI  - [A combination of amputation of the upper arm and a plexus lesion. Case report].
AB  - A 17-year-old male sustained an amputation of his left arm and a simultaneous
      complete brachial plexus lesion on the same side. The median nerve was torn
      nearly completely out of the amputate and the ulnar nerve was avulsed of the
      stump. The severed extremity was replanted without primary nerve reconstruction.
      In a further operation three and one-half months later, a neurolysis of the left
      brachial plexus was performed and the proximal stump of the median nerve was
      connected to the distal stump of the ulnar nerve using nerve grafts. Two years
      post trauma the patient has regained sensibility down to the fingertips. He can
      actively abduct the shoulder, extend his elbow joint, and flex his wrist joint
      and fingers. The question about replantation of a severed extremity with a
      coexistent complete brachial plexus lesion is discussed.

PMID- 3692343
TI  - [Vascular ultrastructure of the scapular flap].
AB  - The authors dissected fourteen cadaveric scapular flaps to study isolated free
      fascial and subcutaneous tissue transfer. They perfused these flaps with a
      special solution of lead oxide and gelatin (Rees and Taylor 1986). After fixation
      in formaldehyde, the flaps were dissected in three layers and radiographs were
      made of these compartments. In the basal layer, which comprises 40% of the flap
      thickness, an epifascial network of small vessels was found. In the most
      superficial, subdermal compartment which makes up 30% of the flap, a similar
      network was found. Therefore, it should be possible to dissect isolated
      fasciocutaneous or deep subcutaneous microvascular flaps. To thin a scapular
      flap, the subcutaneous middle third should be removed to protect these plexus of
      vessels.

PMID- 3692344
TI  - [Reconstruction of the lingual nerve following iatrogenic lesion].
AB  - Because of its topographic location, the lingual nerve is exposed to injury
      during intraoral surgery. An iatrogenic lesion is indeed an infrequent, but an
      unpleasant complication for both the patient and the doctor. Experience in
      peripheral nerve surgery increased the success rate of a reconstruction of the
      lingual nerve.

PMID- 3692345
TI  - [Thermography as an additional study method in the follow-up of reconstructive
      operations of the hand].
AB  - The hand is very accessible to thermography. Disturbed circulation, vascular
      disease, tissue damage, or other causes of change in thermoproduction lead to
      deviation from a normal temperature chart. We found a high correlation between
      thermographic readings and prognosis after replantation. Thermography is,
      therefore, a method of examination that can be recommended.

PMID- 3692346
TI  - [Anginal syndrome and acute myocardial infarction following chest trauma].

PMID- 3692347
TI  - [Pertussis mimicking asthma in an infant].

PMID- 3692348
TI  - [Secondary Lyme's disease].

PMID- 3692349
TI  - [Recurrent spontaneous return to sinus rhythm from chronic atrial fibrillation].

PMID- 3692350
TI  - [Place of residence in Jerusalem as a prognostic factor in out-of hospital
      resuscitation].

PMID- 3692351
TI  - [Internal cardiac massage].

PMID- 3692352
TI  - [Complications of rehabilitation by exercise after myocardial infarction].

PMID- 3692353
TI  - [Effect of metronidazol on the postoperative course of acute appendicitis].

PMID- 3692355
TI  - [Lumbar intervertebral disc herniation in childhood].

PMID- 3692354
TI  - [Elevated serum enzyme levels in exposure to trinitrotoluene].

PMID- 3692356
TI  - [Bypass operations for benign biliary duct diseases].

PMID- 3692357
TI  - [Paratrachoma eye infection in Israel].

PMID- 3692358
TI  - [Microbiological and epidemiological aspects of bacterial enteric infections in
      northern Israel].

PMID- 3692359
TI  - [Low-pressure transurethral prostatic resection using a suprapubic trocar].

PMID- 3692360
TI  - [A-V block secondary to cimetidine-verapamil interaction].

PMID- 3692362
TI  - [Alcohol consumption by adolescents in northern Israel].

PMID- 3692363
TI  - [Deficiencies in the teaching of undergraduate emergency medicine in Israel].

PMID- 3692364
TI  - [The future organization of public medical services--a proposal].

PMID- 3692361
TI  - [Transfusion malaria from an asymptomatic donor].

PMID- 3692365
TI  - [Oncology in Israel, whither?].

PMID- 3692366
TI  - [Reliability of urinary cytology for follow-up of bladder cancer].

PMID- 3692367
TI  - [Computerized data storage and statistics for intensive care units].

PMID- 3692368
TI  - [Charcoal hemoperfusion in theophylline poisoning].

PMID- 3692369
TI  - [Q fever endocarditis].

PMID- 3692370
TI  - [41 years of multiple infections by a typhoid carrier].

PMID- 3692371
TI  - [Amiodarone pulmonary toxicity].

PMID- 3692372
TI  - [Malignant mesothelioma--a difficult diagnosis].

PMID- 3692374
TI  - [Eradication of hepatitis B virus infection: need, possibility and rationale].

PMID- 3692373
TI  - [The Or-Yehuda project--a model for comprehensive obstetric and gynecological
      services].

PMID- 3692375
TI  - [Computed tomography of the brain--1987].

PMID- 3692376
TI  - [Cyclosporin A in organ transplantation--expectations and side-effects].

PMID- 3692377
TI  - [Prevalence of intestinal parasites among Ethiopian immigrants].

PMID- 3692378
TI  - The ependyma lining the infundibular recess in the sheep: a scanning electron
      microscopy study.

PMID- 3692379
TI  - Structure and ultrastructure of the hedgehog ovary in the active state and in
      hibernation.

PMID- 3692380
TI  - Cyclic spermatogenesis in the testis of the Egyptian toad (Bufo regularis).

PMID- 3692381
TI  - Sensory innervation of the intervertebral joints in man.

PMID- 3692382
TI  - Contribution to a knowledge of the morphogenesis of the nasal apparatus of the
      dromedary (Camelus dromedarius) L.).

PMID- 3692383
TI  - To the interaction of spermatozoa and cervical mucus in an in vitro fertilization
      programme.

PMID- 3692384
TI  - Variability of the branches of the Arteria iliaca interna.

PMID- 3692385
TI  - Morphological differences between the structure of the nasal apparatus of the
      swift (Apus apus L.) and the common "avian typus" during morphogenesis.
      Morphogenesis of the nasal capsule, the epithelial nasal tube and the organ of
      Jacobson in sauropsida. XVIII.

PMID- 3692386
TI  - Study of the teratogenic potential of guar gum.
AB  - Guar gum in the diet at 0, 1, 2, 4, 7.5 or 15% was available ad lib. to male and
      female Osborne-Mendel rats for 13 wk before mating, during mating and throughout
      gestation. During gestation, the females consumed 0, 0.7, 1.4, 2.7, 5.2 or 11.8 g
      guar gum/kg of body weight/day, respectively. The animals were killed on
      gestation day 20. No behavioural effects were seen in any of the treated dams,
      and no females died during the experiment. Pregnant females in the treated groups
      consumed less food than the controls during gestation days 0-20 but the decrease
      was significant only in the 4 and 7.5% groups and was not dose related. Ingestion
      of guar gum before mating did not affect fertility. In the dams fed 1-7.5% guar
      gum, there was no effect on the number of corpora lutea or implantations. The
      dams fed 15% guar gum had slightly fewer corpora lutea and implantations than the
      controls but no effect was seen on implantation efficiency in this group. The
      number of viable foetuses/litter was also reduced slightly but not significantly
      in the 15% group, but since the number of resorptions was not affected, this
      decrease appears to be an effect of the decreased number of corpora lutea. There
      was no compound-related effect on foetal development or sex distribution. No
      terata were seen.

PMID- 3692387
TI  - Study of the teratogenic potential of gum arabic.
AB  - Gum arabic in the diet at 0, 1, 2, 4, 7.5 or 15% was available ad lib. to male
      and female Osborne-Mendel rats during premating and mating and throughout
      gestation. During gestation, the treated females consumed from 683 mg gum/kg body
      weight/day in the 1% group to 10,647 mg gum/kg/day in the 15% group. The animals
      were killed on gestation day 20. There were no dose-related changes in maternal
      findings, number of foetuses, foetal viability or external, visceral or skeletal
      variations. No terata were seen.

PMID- 3692388
TI  - Emetic activity of the trichothecene 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol in swine.
AB  - The emetic activity of 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON), a deoxynivalenol (DON)
      precursor, was evaluated in swine over a dose range of 25-200 micrograms/kg body
      weight and found to be very similar to that of DON. The minimum effective oral
      doses for 15-ADON and DON were 75 and 50 micrograms/kg, respectively, with 3/15
      of the 15-ADON- and 4/15 of the DON-treated pigs exhibiting emesis, over the
      total dose range. The minimum effective ip doses for 15-ADON and DON were also 75
      and 50 micrograms/kg, respectively, with 9/15 pigs in each group exhibiting
      emesis, over the total dose range. For pigs receiving 15-ADON and DON ip,
      increased dosage was associated with decreased average time to vomition,
      increased duration of emesis and increased average number of vomitions.

PMID- 3692389
TI  - Comparative in vitro metabolism of T-2 toxin by hepatic microsomes prepared from
      phenobarbital-induced or control rats, mice, rabbits and chickens.
AB  - Hepatic microsomes were prepared from phenobarbital (PB)-treated and control
      rats, mice, rabbits and chickens and were incubated with T-2 toxin (100
      micrograms/mg microsomal protein). Additional microsomes from PB-induced animals
      were incubated with T-2 toxin and the esterase inhibitor paraoxon (PA) at 2.5
      nmol/mg microsomal protein. The major metabolite in microsomal preparations from
      both control and PB-induced rats, rabbits and mice was HT-2. In microsomes
      isolated from PB-treated chickens, 3'-hydroxy T-2 was the major metabolite, but
      30 and 79% of the added T-2 toxin remained unmetabolized at 60 min in incubations
      from PB-induced and control birds, respectively. The percentage of hydroxylated
      metabolites formed in the microsomal preparations of the four species studied was
      significantly increased following PB treatment compared with the non-treated
      controls. The addition of PA to the incubation system effectively inhibited the
      hydrolysis of the ester groups in T-2 toxin, resulting in 1.4- and 1.25-fold
      increases in the percentage of 3'-hydroxy T-2 in the mouse and rat microsomal
      samples, respectively. In the rabbit microsomal preparations, 3'-hydroxy T-2,
      which was not detected in the absence of PA, represented 11% of the added
      substrate in the PB/PA incubation samples. Addition of PA did not cause a
      significant change in the amount of 3'-hydroxy T-2 formed in chicken microsomal
      samples, since competition between hydrolysis and hydroxylation pathways for the
      T-2 toxin substrate was not an important factor in this species. Two new
      metabolites, designated RLM-2 and RLM-3 were detected in chicken, rat and mouse
      microsomal preparations. On the basis of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
      data, the compounds were tentatively identified as isomers of 3'-hydroxy T-2.

PMID- 3692390
TI  - Identification of minor nitrosation products of the alkaloid gramine by mass
      spectrometry.
AB  - The nitrosation of gramine, a tertiary amine alkaloid present in barley malt, was
      carried out by reaction with sodium nitrite in buffered acetic acid (pH 3.4) for
      1 hr at room temperature. Following the previous isolation and identification of
      the major nitrosation products (Ahmad et al. Fd Chem. Toxic. 1985, 23, 841), two
      minor products were isolated by HPLC and identified as indolin-3-one oxime and
      indole-3-aldehyde. Identification was based on mass spectrometry. The results
      give strong support to the hypothesis that gramine does not undergo nitrosation
      by nitrosative dealkylation.

PMID- 3692391
TI  - Comparative tissue distribution and excretion of [1-14C]acrylamide in beagle dogs
      and miniature pigs.
AB  - Male beagle dogs and miniature pigs were given acrylamide in the diet for 3-4 wk
      at a dosage of 1 mg/kg/day. They were then given [1-14C]acrylamide as a single
      oral dose of 1 mg/kg. The animals were killed 6 hr or 1, 2, 4 or 14 days after
      administration of the radioactive compound and tissues were analysed for
      radioactivity. The radiolabelled material was distributed to a major extent in
      muscle tissue in both species (31-35% of the dose at 6 hr and 5-7% at 14 days).
      Although the nervous system is the primary target for acrylamide monomer
      toxicity, less than 1% of the administered 14C was found in the brain in both
      species. No neurotoxic signs were evident during the exposure period at the
      dosage used. Analysis of discrete areas of the brain for radioactivity revealed
      that the levels of penetration of [1-14C]acrylamide in brain paralleled the
      vascularization pattern of the tissues. Approximately 60% of the administered
      radiolabel was excreted in the urine in both species and smaller amounts were
      excreted in the faeces. However, recovery in the faeces was higher in pigs (c.
      25%) than in dogs (c. 7%) and this and the considerably higher levels
      demonstrated in the gastro-intestinal tract of the pigs indicated that the
      absorption of acrylamide was more rapid and more extensive in dogs than in pigs.

PMID- 3692392
TI  - Teratogenicity and embryotoxicity study of Brown HT in the rat.
AB  - In a preliminary study, groups of ten female rats received daily doses of either
      water or solutions of Brown HT providing 250, 500 or 1000 mg Brown HT/kg body
      weight for 19 consecutive days. While there was no indication of overt toxicity,
      treated animals at all doses had brown discoloration of lymph nodes, caecum and
      colon. In the subsequent main study, groups of 30 female rats were given daily
      oral doses of 0 (water vehicle), 250, 500 or 1000 mg Brown HT/kg from day 0 to
      day 19 of pregnancy. There were no adverse effects on the numbers of
      implantations, pre- and post-implantation losses, litter weights, foetal numbers,
      foetal weights or sex ratio. No abnormalities related to treatment were found in
      either the skeleton or soft parts of the offspring. It is concluded that doses of
      up to 1000 mg Brown HT/kg/day given throughout pregnancy failed to exert
      detectable embryotoxicity or teratogenicity in rats.

PMID- 3692393
TI  - Metabolic disposition of 14C-labelled Brown HT in the rat, mouse and guinea-pig.
AB  - The absorption, metabolism, tissue distribution and excretion of 14C-labelled
      Brown HT has been studied in the rat, mouse and guinea-pig. Following
      administration of a single oral dose of either 50 or 250 mg Brown HT/kg,
      substantially all of the dose was excreted in the urine and faeces within 72 hr,
      with the majority (more than 80%) being accounted for in the faeces. A
      significant difference in urinary excretion of radioactivity was seen between
      male and female rats, as well as clear species differences at the two dose levels
      used. In all species studied, naphthionic acid was the major urinary metabolite,
      whereas in the faeces naphthionic acid, trace quantities of unchanged dye and at
      least two unidentified metabolites were found. Pregnant rats eliminated a single
      oral dose of 14C-labelled colouring at a rate similar to that in non-pregnant
      females, but some retention of radioactivity was found in the foetuses.
      Radioactivity was present in all tissues of male rats 24 hr after an oral dose of
      250 mg 14C-labelled Brown HT/kg, with the highest concentrations in the gastro
      intestinal tract, kidney and lymph nodes. Clearance from the gastro-intestinal
      tract was more rapid than from other tissues, but by day 7, the concentration of
      radioactivity (less than 0.001% of the dose/g) was similar in all tissues except
      the kidney and mesenteric lymph nodes. Similar results were obtained with animals
      pretreated for 21 days with either unlabelled or 14C-labelled Brown HT (250
      mg/kg/day) prior to a radioactive dose. For most tissues examined, the
      concentration of radioactivity was greater with pretreatment than without. These
      results suggest that despite the rapid reduction and elimination of the major
      part of an oral dose of Brown HT, some colouring and/or metabolites accumulate in
      most tissues of male rats during repeated daily administration, but that only in
      the kidney and mesenteric lymph nodes is the accumulation tissue-specific. The
      accumulated radioactivity is cleared rapidly from most tissues on cessation of
      treatment. No significant absorption of either Brown HT, metabolites or
      subsidiary dyes was detected using isolated loops of small intestine.

PMID- 3692394
TI  - Toxicology of food colourings.

PMID- 3692395
TI  - Lack of carcinogenicity of tartrazine (FD & C Yellow No. 5) in the F344 rat.
AB  - The carcinogenicity of tartrazine (C. I. Food Yellow No. 4, FD & C Yellow No. 5),
      a food, drug and cosmetics colouring, was examined in F344 rats. Tartrazine was
      dissolved in distilled water at levels of 0, 1 or 2%, and groups of about 50 male
      and 50 female rats were given one of these solutions ad lib. as their drinking
      water for up to 2 yr. No toxic lesions specifically caused by tartrazine were
      detected in any treated group of either sex. Many tumours developed in all groups
      including the control group, and the organ distribution of these tumours and
      their histological characteristics were similar to those of the spontaneous
      tumours that are known to occur in this strain of rats. Except for mesothelioma
      in males and endometrial stromal polyp in females, there were no significant
      increases in the incidences of any tumours over those in the corresponding
      control group. In males, mesotheliomas were found only in the group given 1%
      tartrazine and the incidence of this lesion was statistically significant
      (Fisher's exact test) in comparison with the other two groups (P less than 0.02).
      The incidence of endometrial stromal polyp was also significantly higher among
      females given the 1% dose than in the controls (P less than 0.05). However, no
      positive trend was noted in the occurrence of these two tumours using an age
      adjusted statistical analysis. Mesothelioma and endometrial stromal polyp are
      frequently observed spontaneous tumours in this strain of rats, and their
      incidences in our historical controls are 4.1 and 21.9%, respectively. However in
      the present study mesothelioma occurred in none of the male control rats and the
      incidence of endometrial stromal polyp was only 10.6% in the female control
      group. Moreover, there was no significant difference between the control and
      treated groups in hyperplastic or pre-neoplastic changes in the mesothelium or
      endometrium. From these findings, we concluded that the significant increases in
      the incidences of mesothelioma and endometrial stromal polyp that occurred in the
      groups given 1% tartrazine were not attributable to tartrazine administration.
      Thus, it is concluded that tartrazine was not carcinogenic in F344 rats when
      administered continuously at doses of up to 2% in the drinking-water for up to 2
      yr.

PMID- 3692396
TI  - Chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity study of carmine of cochineal in the rat.
AB  - Carmine was fed continuously to groups of 54 males and 54 females at dietary
      levels providing 50, 150 or 500 mg/kg body weight/day for up to 109 wk. As a
      control, groups of 90 males and 90 females were fed the basal diet for the same
      period. The rats were derived from parents fed the same dietary levels for 60
      days before mating and throughout pregnancy and were thus potentially exposed in
      utero. There were no adverse effects upon survival, growth or intakes of food and
      water. No changes associated with treatment were found during the periodic
      measurement of haematology or renal function, or in the serum chemistry or organ
      weights at the end of the study. Tumour incidence was not affected, and
      variations in the distribution of the non-tumour pathology were not considered to
      be due to treatment. It was concluded that carmine administered to rats in utero
      and for up to 109 wk is not carcinogenic and that the no-untoward-effect level is
      500 mg carmine/kg body weight/day.

PMID- 3692397
TI  - Three-generation reproduction study on carmine of cochineal in the rat.
AB  - Carmine was fed continuously to male and female rats over three generations at
      dietary concentrations that provided intakes of 50, 150 or 500 mg carmine/kg body
      weight/day. In adult animals of all generations there were no effects of
      treatment on body-weight gain, food and water intakes or fertility. At autopsy
      the weights and the gross and microscopic appearance of the organs were normal.
      In the teratological investigations, examination of the foetal skeletons of the
      F3 generation revealed a slightly more advanced stage of ossification in all
      treated groups compared to those of the control. Survival, growth and development
      of offspring were similar in each group apart from a slight delay in the time of
      tooth eruption in the 150- and 500-mg/kg groups of the first and second
      generations. This was not seen in the final generation. It is concluded that
      carmine had no untoward effects on the growth and fertility of adult rats, or on
      the ante- and postnatal development of their offspring when given continuously at
      doses of up to 500 mg/kg body weight/day in the diet throughout all phases of
      mating, gestation, lactation, weaning and adult life over three successive
      generations.

PMID- 3692398
TI  - Teratogenicity and embryotoxicity study of carmine of cochineal in the rat.
AB  - Groups of 30 mated female rats were given daily doses of 0, 200, 500 or 1000 mg
      carmine/kg body weight by oral intubation throughout pregnancy. A group of 17
      similar animals was given a solution of chlorides to provide an intake of sodium,
      potassium and ammonium equal to that resulting from the highest dose level of
      carmine. There were no effects of carmine treatment on body weights, pregnancy
      rates, pre-implantation losses, the average numbers of live young, litter weights
      or foetal weights. The group given the highest dose of carmine and the cation
      control had increased numbers of implantations and post-implantation losses. The
      latter was considered to be due to an inability to maintain the increased numbers
      of implantations rather than to an embryotoxic effect. The foetuses showed no
      malformations and those from the carmine-treated rats tended to have a slightly
      more advanced degree of ossification of certain skeletal elements than foetuses
      of the control animals. On the basis of the results obtained it is considered
      that there were no untoward effects on embryo development in rats given oral
      doses of up to 1000 mg carmine/kg body weight/day throughout pregnancy.

PMID- 3692399
TI  - Long-term toxicity study of carmoisine in rats using animals exposed in utero.
AB  - Groups of 114 (control) or 66 (treated) rats of each sex were fed diets providing
      0 (control), 100, 400 or 1200 mg carmoisine/kg body weight/day for 9 wk. Within
      each group the animals were mated monogamously. Treatment continued uninterrupted
      until the young were randomly selected (where possible one/sex/litter) from each
      of the litters to provide groups of 90 (control) and 54 (treated) rats of each
      sex. These received the same treatment as their parents for up to 110 wk for
      females or 115 wk for males. Apart from coloration of the fur, urine and faeces,
      treated rats did not differ in appearance or behaviour from the controls.
      Mortality was not affected by treatment. High-dose groups had reduced body-weight
      gain compared with that of the controls, despite slightly higher food intakes.
      Increased water intakes in the same animals accompanied a tendency to excrete
      larger volumes of urine. Haematological investigations at months 3, 6, 9, 12, 18
      and 24, and on all survivors at the end of the study showed no treatment-related
      effects. Urine studies on 20 rats/sex/group at months 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 showed
      no consistent treatment-related changes. Analyses of serum collected at the end
      of the study demonstrated low glucose concentrations in both sexes of the high
      dose group and in intermediate-dose females. A few high-dose males had bladder
      hyperplasia while some high-dose females had increased incidences of adrenal
      blood/fibrin cysts or internal hyperplasia/medial hypertrophy of the pancreatic
      blood vessels. Tumours occurred with a similar distribution and incidence in all
      groups apart from an increased incidence of adrenal phaeochromocytoma in high
      dose males. The incidence seen was well within the background incidence for this
      relatively common tumour in the same strain of rat under similar conditions. It
      is concluded that carmoisine is not carcinogenic and that the no-untoward-effect
      level in this study was 400 mg carmoisine/kg body weight/day.

PMID- 3692400
TI  - Metabolic disposition of 14C-labelled carmoisine in the rat, mouse and guinea
      pig.
AB  - The absorption, metabolism and excretion of 14C-labelled carmoisine has been
      studied in the rat, mouse and guinea-pig. Following administration of a single
      oral dose of either 0.5 or 50 mg/kg body weight, substantially all of the dose
      was recovered in the excreta within 72 hr, mainly in the faeces. Although the
      urinary excretion of radioactivity was similar in the rat and the mouse, the
      proportion of the radioactivity found in the urine of the guinea-pig was
      significantly greater than that of the other species at both dose levels.
      Pretreating male rats with unlabelled colouring in the diet (0.05%, w/w) for 28
      days prior to dosing with 14C-labelled colouring had no effect on the route of
      excretion or the time taken to eliminate the majority of the labelled dose.
      Following a single oral dose of 14C-labelled colouring to previously untreated
      rats, mice and guinea-pigs or to rats pretreated as above, no marked accumulation
      of radioactivity in any tissue was found. Pregnant rats eliminated a single oral
      dose of 14C-labelled colouring at a similar rate to non-pregnant females, and the
      concentration of radioactivity in the foetuses was similar to that in the other
      tissues. Naphthionic acid was the major urinary metabolite in all three species.
      In the rat and mouse, most of the remaining radioactivity co-chromatographed with
      2-amino-1-naphthol-4-sulphonic acid (2-ANS), but in the guinea-pig radioactivity
      also co-chromatographed with 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulphonate (1,2-NQS). Only a
      trace amount of unchanged carmoisine was detected in the urine of the species
      examined. Naphthionic acid was also found in the faeces of all three species, but
      neither carmoisine, 2-ANS or 1,2-NQS was detected. At least five other
      radioactive metabolites were found in the faecal extracts of all three species,
      including a substantial amount of a compound with chromatographic properties
      similar to those of a trace metabolite in the urine. Two of the faecal
      metabolites were hydrolysed by beta-glucuronidase and sulphatase treatment. In
      studies on the absorption of carmoisine at concentrations of 50, 500 or 5000 ppm
      from isolated intestinal loops, no significant absorption was detected in the
      rat, mouse or guinea-pig.

PMID- 3692402
TI  - Metabolic disposition of 14C-labelled amaranth in the rat, mouse and guinea-pig.
AB  - The absorption, metabolism and excretion of orally administered 14C-labelled
      amaranth has been studied in the rat, mouse and guinea-pig. Following
      administration of a single oral dose of either 2 or 200 mg/kg, most of the
      radioactivity was excreted in the urine and faeces in the first 24 hr, and
      substantially all of the dose was recovered in the excreta within 72 hr. In the
      rat and mouse, the principal route of excretion was the faeces, whereas in the
      guinea-pig, urinary excretion accounted for up to 50% of the dose. In the rat and
      guinea-pig the proportion of the dose excreted in the urine was significantly
      greater at the lower dose level. No marked accumulation of radioactivity was
      found in any tissues 72 hr after the administration of the labelled colouring.
      For all three species most of the radioactivity was shown to be associated with
      naphthionic acid, with traces of unchanged amaranth and a number of other
      unidentified metabolites also being detected. In the rat and mouse substantially
      all of the remaining radioactivity was associated with a single unidentified
      component. Naphthionic acid was found in the faeces of all three species along
      with a substantial, but variable, amount of unchanged dye. At least six other
      radioactive peaks were seen in the chromatograms of faecal extracts; two of these
      peaks had similar chromatographic properties to the unknown metabolites in the
      urine, but there was no peak corresponding to 1-amino-2-naphthol-3,6-disulphonic
      acid (1-ANDSA), previously reported as a urinary metabolite of amaranth. In
      studies of absorption from isolated loops of small intestine of the rat, mouse
      and guinea-pig, no significant absorption of amaranth was detected over a 100
      fold concentration range (20-2000 ppm).

PMID- 3692401
TI  - Long-term toxicity study of amaranth in rats using animals exposed in utero.
AB  - Groups of 90 (control) and 54 (treated) rats of each sex were given amaranth in
      their diet to provide daily intakes of 0 (control), 50, 250 or 1250 mg/kg for 111
      wk (male) and 112 wk (female) after weaning. The rats had also been exposed to
      the same dose levels in utero, and their parents were exposed for 60 days before
      mating. The colouring had no adverse effects on fertility, haematological
      parameters, serum chemistry or incidence of tumours. All treated animals showed
      contamination of the fur and red colouring of the faeces and at the high dose
      only the faecal pellets were poorly formed. Rats in the high-dose group produced
      more pups, and the average pup weight was lower than that of the controls. Rats
      of the F1 generation given the highest dose level were slightly lighter than the
      controls despite a small increase in food and water intake. Both sexes given the
      highest dose level and males given 250 mg/kg/day had increased caecal weight.
      High-dose females excreted more protein in the urine after 18 months and on
      histopathological examination females in all treated groups showed an increased
      incidence of renal calcification and pelvic epithelial hyperplasia with
      degenerative changes. It is concluded that amaranth fed to rats at dose levels of
      up to 1250 mg/kg/day in the diet did not have any carcinogenic effect. However,
      because of the effect on the kidneys of the females it was not possible to
      establish a no-untoward-effect level in this study.

PMID- 3692403
TI  - Long-term toxicity study of Ponceau 4R in rats using animals exposed in utero.
AB  - Groups of 66 (treated) or 114 (control) rats of each sex were fed diets providing
      0 (control), 50, 500 or 1250 mg Ponceau 4R/kg body weight/day for 60 days. The
      animals were then mated and allowed to rear their litters. At weaning, pups were
      selected for the long-term study to give treated groups of 54 (of each sex) and a
      control group of 96 (of each sex), with offspring always receiving the same
      treatment as their parents. Treatment continued until approximately 20% of
      animals survived, resulting in a duration of 114 wk for males and 118 wk for
      females. Body weight, food and water intake and clinical conditions were
      monitored regularly throughout the study. Blood and urine from 20 rats/sex/group
      from the high-dose and control groups were examined at months 3, 6, 12, 18 and
      24. At the end of the study each animal was autopsied, selected organs were
      weighed, and a full range of tissues was preserved. High-dose animals showed a
      lower body-weight gain without any reduction in food intake. Water intake was
      higher than that of the controls in the medium- and high-dose groups and this was
      related to caecal enlargement and softening of faeces. No adverse changes were
      seen in the investigations of blood or urine apart from a higher incidence of
      females with higher levels of protein in urine at the 1250 mg/kg/day dose. No
      other findings of significance were seen and survival and tumour incidence were
      similar in all groups. A no-untoward-effect level was established at 500 mg
      Ponceau 4R/kg/day.

PMID- 3692404
TI  - A three-generation reproduction study of Ponceau 4R in the rat.
AB  - Ponceau 4R was fed to three generations of rats, at dietary concentrations to
      provide 0, 50, 500 or 1250 mg/kg body weight/day. In each generation treated
      groups consisted of 36 rats of each sex while 60 females served as controls.
      Apart from the F0 generation, which started treatment as weanlings, treatment was
      continued throughout the study, providing in utero exposure of all offspring. The
      F0 generation was bred twice, on the first occasion to provide animals for the
      next generation and for a long-term study, and a second time to provide data on
      in utero and post-partum development. In each generation approximately one third
      of the females from each group were killed before parturition to provide data on
      in utero development. The foetuses from these animals were examined for skeletal
      abnormalities. Remaining animals were allowed to litter and the offspring were
      monitored for 21 days after birth for survival and development. All animals were
      killed and subjected to a post-mortem examination which, for a proportion of each
      group in each generation, included recording of organ weights. Although a few
      adult rats died during the study these deaths were not associated with treatment.
      Fur of the treated animals was coloured pink, and faeces and caecal contents of
      animals from the two highest dose groups were yellow, the faeces also being
      softer than those of the controls. Treatment had no observed effect on clinical
      observations, body weight or food and water intake at any stage of the study.
      Animals fed the two highest doses for prolonged periods had enlarged caeca, but
      this effect was not seen in weanling animals on the same treatment. Neither the
      caecal enlargement nor the liver weights seen in the F2 and F3 offspring were
      considered to be an adverse effect of treatment. No treatment-related effects
      were seen in the uterine contents of females at any generation, but the skeletons
      of treated foetuses showed a slightly more advanced development than those of the
      controls. Postnatal development of offspring was not affected by treatment at any
      stage of the study. Tissues from the F3 animals were examined by light microscopy
      and revealed no treatment-related effects. It is concluded that the no-adverse
      effect level for Ponceau 4R is 1250 mg/kg body weight/day.

PMID- 3692405
TI  - Short-term toxicity study of Green S in rats.
AB  - Groups of 15 rats of each sex were fed Green S at dietary concentrations to
      provide dose levels of 0 (control), 250, 500 or 1500 mg/kg body weight/day for 13
      wk. Additional groups of five animals of each sex were given the same treatments
      for 2 or 6 wk. There was a marked excretion of green colour in the faeces and
      some green colouring of the urine, although the latter may have been due to
      contamination. The males showed increased water and food intakes associated,
      particularly at the highest dose, with a higher rate of body-weight gain.
      Haematological examination revealed a transitory mild anaemia at the highest dose
      level, whilst no findings indicative of a toxic effect were found in the renal
      concentration tests or the serum analyses. With a dose of 1500 mg Green S/kg a
      greater proportion of the rats showed higher urinary protein, protein casts,
      increased caecal weight, thyroid degeneration in female animals and enlargement
      of the lymph nodes in the intestine wall. The no-effect dose level for Green S in
      this study was considered to be 500 mg/kg.

PMID- 3692406
TI  - Long-term toxicity study of Green S in mice.
AB  - Groups of 105 (control) or 65 (treated) female CD-1 mice were mated one to one
      with equal numbers of males after both sexes had received diets containing 0
      (control), 0.033, 0.33 or 0.66% Green S for 9 wk. The number of animals pregnant,
      the number of young born and the number surviving were similar in all groups. One
      male and one female from each litter were used to provide groups of 85 (control)
      or 50 (treated) mice of each sex for the long-term study. Treatment with Green S
      continued throughout pregnancy and rearing. Body weight and condition were
      regularly monitored for each animal throughout the study. Blood was examined from
      groups of 20 mice from the control and highest treatment groups at wk 14, 28 and
      51 and from all survivors at the end of the study. A post-mortem examination was
      carried out on all animals in the long-term study and a full range of tissues was
      preserved and examined by light microscopy. Organ weights were recorded at the
      autopsy of all mice reaching the end of the study. No effects that could be
      attributed to treatment were seen in any of the observations. The no-untoward
      effect level of Green S fed to mice for 2 yr is concluded to be 0.66% of the
      diet, equivalent to intakes of approximately 530 and 660 mg/kg body weight/day in
      males and females, respectively.

PMID- 3692407
TI  - Three-generation toxicity study of rats ingesting Green S in the diet.
AB  - Green S was fed to rats of both sexes, over three generations, at dietary
      concentrations designed to provide daily intakes of 0, 50, 500 or 1000 mg Green
      S/kg body weight. At each generation, treated groups each consisted of 36 males
      and 36 females with 60 of each sex as controls. The F0 generation first received
      Green S as weanlings, but succeeding generations were exposed throughout life,
      including in utero, as treatment continued during gestation and lactation. There
      were no adverse effects of treatment on body-weight gain, food and water
      consumption or on the general condition of the animals. Green-coloured faeces
      were produced by all animals exposed to the colouring and pale green coloration
      of urine or the bladder was seen in a few animals at autopsy. The post-mortem
      examinations and organ weights of animals receiving up to 500 mg Green S/kg/day
      showed no adverse effects of treatment. At 1000 mg/kg/day findings related to
      treatment were increased spleen weight (both sexes) and increased kidney weight
      (male), but relevant histopathological changes were not seen in either of these
      organs. Caecal enlargement was the most consistent finding in animals receiving
      500 or 1000 mg Green S/kg/day, but this was not considered to be a toxic effect.
      Reproductive performance and intra-uterine development were not affected by
      treatment despite green colouring being visible in the amniotic sacs of foetuses
      from dams given 500 or 1000 mg Green S/kg/day. Small differences in the degree of
      skeletal ossification of foetuses from F2 generation dams were not related to
      treatment. A slightly premature eruption of the incisors during postnatal
      development of treated animals was not considered to be an adverse effect. It is
      concluded that the no-untoward-effect level in this study is 500 mg Green S/kg
      body weight/day.

PMID- 3692408
TI  - Teratogenicity and embryotoxicity study of Green S in rats.
AB  - Daily oral doses of 0 (control), 250, 500 or 1000 mg Green S/kg body weight were
      given to groups of 30 pregnant rats on days 0-19 of pregnancy. This treatment did
      not adversely influence maternal body weight, the numbers of implantations, of
      pre- or post-implantation losses or of live foetuses, the sex ratio or the weight
      of the litters or foetuses. No definite abnormalities were seen and the only
      finding in the examination of stained skeletons was a slightly more advanced
      ossification of the forelimbs of the offspring from females given 500 or 1000 mg
      Green S/kg/day. More foetuses with mucus in the trachea were found in the treated
      groups than in the controls but this was not considered to be a teratogenic
      effect. Thus no embryotoxic or teratogenic effects were detected with doses of up
      to 1000 mg Green S/kg/day throughout pregnancy.

PMID- 3692410
TI  - [Explanation by biological rhythm. Practical use of chronobiology--preventing
      erroneous diagnoses of hypertension].

PMID- 3692411
TI  - [Participation in heart groups. 1: Studies at admission].

PMID- 3692409
TI  - Three-generation toxicity study of rats ingesting Brown HT in the diet.
AB  - Brown HT was fed to rats of both sexes over three generations at dietary
      concentrations designed to provide daily intakes of 0, 50, 250 and 500 mg Brown
      HT/kg body weight/day. During the study a number of females died or failed to
      nurse their litters. This was so severe following the first mating of F1 adults
      that the animals were remated to provide the next generation. None of these
      effects were related to treatment. Body weight and food and water intakes were
      not adversely affected by treatment. No effects of treatment were seen on
      reproductive performance or foetal and pup development, apart from slight
      evidence of a treatment-related retarded ossification of the third sternebrae.
      Organ weights at autopsy showed two changes, one of which was increased kidney
      weights which, although not present in every generation, seemed to be related to
      treatment. The other, increased caecum weights, occurred in adult high-dose
      females of early generations, but not in males or later generations of the study.
      Apart from brown coloration of tissues, macroscopic and microscopic examination
      revealed no treatment-related changes. It was concluded that the no-untoward
      effect level in the present study was 250 mg Brown HT/kg/day.

PMID- 3692412
TI  - [Participation in heart groups. 2: Stress dosage].

PMID- 3692413
TI  - [Cardiologic rehabilitation in transition. Critical retrospect of the last 20
      years--new challenges].

PMID- 3692414
TI  - [Anal incontinence--diagnosis and therapy].

PMID- 3692415
TI  - [Geriatric rehabilitation within the scope of a model project].

PMID- 3692416
TI  - [Standardized methods of assessment in psychiatry. Possibilities for using
      documentation systems, structured interviews and self-assessment scales].

PMID- 3692417
TI  - [Delusions and society in Japan and China from a transcultural-psychiatric
      viewpoint].
AB  - The relationship between contents of schizophrenic delusions and sociocultural
      background in the modern society of Japan and China were studied from
      transcultural psychiatric aspects. The data of this study were derived from the
      public mental hospitals in Tokyo and Shanghai in a similar size; of 186 cases (88
      cases of male, 98 cases of female) of the first admission in Tokyo Metropolitan
      Matsuzawa Hospital during 1981-1983, 112 cases with delusions (53 cases of male,
      59 cases of female) were selected, and of 200 cases (112 cases of male, 88 cases
      of female) of the first admission in Shanghai Psychiatric Hospital in 1983, 129
      cases with delusions (70 cases of male, 59 cases of female) were chosen. The
      incidence of delusions of physical persecution and grandeur was relatively high
      in patients of both hospitals in Tokyo and Shanghai, while the incidence of
      delusions with hypochondria and guilt was low in both hospitals. Only the
      incidence of delusion of poisoning was significantly higher in Shanghai than in
      Tokyo (mean 2 = 12.97, p less than 0.001). After the World War II, the
      patriarchally oriented family system was abolished in Japan which caused shifting
      the system from a large family to a nuclear family. In China where the property
      (land) and daily life were closely connected the close human relationship among
      generations had important values in relation to the labor power within the frame
      of a large family. It is believed that occurrence of the delusion of poisoning
      might be a reflection of the disturbed human relationship within the family
      member in dining which should be helpful for making further understanding and
      reliance. It's occurrence conflict and struggle in the community of the outside
      of the family. At present there is a marked difference between Chinese and
      Japanese in their structure of consciousness. The former places high value and
      meaningfulness on the participation to the group and seeks protection and safety
      of individuals. The latter reveals a less strong tie with the traditional
      conformity and dependency to the mass due to the conformation of the nuclear
      family. It can not be ignored the possible effect of the close horizontal
      interaction and cautious human relationships among neighbours with fear of rumor
      and watching in the Chinese community on the occurrence of the delusion of
      persecution. After the World War II, abolishment of the principle of vertical
      control system and introduction of multiple value system together with loss of
      authority had taken place in Japan.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3692418
TI  - [Stealing in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa].
AB  - Only recently stealing behaviour has been noticed as a symptom of anorexia
      nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Reviewing our sample of 63 patients we discuss the
      incidence and motivation of kleptomania. In 24% of our patients stealing
      behaviour was reported which is a definitely high rate compared to literature.
      Among the intentions for stealing behaviour we found: Stealing as conversion of
      revenge, self-assertiveness compensation of binge-eating or stealing as
      achievement. The differential motivation of stealing should be considered in
      legal consequences.

PMID- 3692419
TI  - [Fatal outcome of ischemic cerebral infarct].
AB  - During 1977 to 1985 2008 patients suffering from acute ischemic cerebral infarcts
      were admitted to the Department of Neurology, Giessen University. 213 (10.6%)
      died during their stay at hospital of 28 days in average. Time of survival, cause
      of death, localization and etiology of the infarcts were evaluated
      retrospectively on base of the medical reports, the angiographic, doppler
      sonographic, computerized tomographic, and autopsy findings. The same number of
      patients died because of direct sequelae of stroke and secondary complications
      respectively. Those with supratentorial infarcts, who died in consequence of a
      vegetative dysregulation generally did not survive the first week after ictus,
      often had infarcts exceeding the supply area of one large cerebral artery and
      frequently had evidence of cardiac embolism. Pathogenetic factors for extension
      of the ischemic cerebral damage subsequently causing transtentorial herniation
      were spreading thrombosis, reinfarction, and fatal secondary hemorrhage. Patients
      dying in consequence of an infratentorial infarct often had a thrombosis of the
      basilar artery or a large cerebellar infarction. Secondary fatal complications
      mostly occurred after the first week after stroke. Pulmonary edema, pulmonary
      embolism and myocardial infarction predominated with different time pattern.

PMID- 3692420
TI  - Health care Belize style--have clinic, will travel.

PMID- 3692421
TI  - Greetings from Zambia.

PMID- 3692422
TI  - Mary Breckinridges' neighborhood.

PMID- 3692423
TI  - A trip to Nigeria.

PMID- 3692424
TI  - Function of transient channels in central nervous system.

PMID- 3692425
TI  - Immunosuppression in patients receiving transfusions: depressed production of
      anti-leukocyte antibodies after blood transfusions of 61-200 units.

PMID- 3692426
TI  - Electron microscopic study of histological pigmentary incontinence--methods of
      melanosome translocation from the epidermis to the dermis.

PMID- 3692427
TI  - Histopathological study of infiltration patterns of retinoblastoma.

PMID- 3692428
TI  - An experimental chronic heart failure model in the dog.

PMID- 3692429
TI  - [Brain death and somatic death].

PMID- 3692430
TI  - [Studies on the function of fatty acid binding protein in hypertensive rat
      kidney].
AB  - Fatty acid binding protein was purified from renal medulla, and its binding
      activity and fatty acid composition were determined in spontaneously hypertensive
      stroke-prone rats. Wistar-Kyoto rats were used as controls. Fatty acid binding
      activity was higher in 5-week-old prehypertensive spontaneously hypertensive
      stroke-prone rats (0.155 +/- 0.006 mol palmitic acid/mol protein) as compared
      with control values in Wistar-Kyoto rats (0.030 +/- 0.001). However, in 40-week
      old rats, the activity was decreased only in spontaneously hypertensive stroke
      prone rats with established hypertension (0.035 +/- 0.002), and it did not
      decrease in Wistar-Kyoto rats (0.028 +/- 0.003). Fatty acid compositions were
      similar among 5 and 40-week-old control rats and 5-week-old hypertensive rats
      (palmitic acid 24%, stearic acid 14%, oleic acid 30%, linoleic acid 29%,
      arachidonic acid 3%), although the total amount of bound long-chain fatty acids
      was decreased in 5-week-old hypertensive rats, explaining the high fatty acid
      binding activity in this preparation. Fatty acid binding protein from 40-week-old
      hypertensive rats had an elevated proportion of endogenous arachidonic acid, with
      other fatty acids being relatively reduced (palmitic acid 8%, stearic acid 2%,
      oleic acid 4%, linoleic acid 10%, arachidonic acid 76%), indicating increased
      arachidonic acid transport in the cytosol. These results show that genetically
      hypertensive rats had an alteration in fatty acid transport mediated by fatty
      acid binding protein; this alteration may be involved in the pathogenesis of
      hypertension.

PMID- 3692431
TI  - [New fixative for pathological specimens in cold areas].
AB  - In cold areas where the lowest temperature of the day can fall to minus 20 degree
      Celsius in winter, surgical specimens which are sent from the local hospitals to
      the pathology department often become frozen during delivery. Although the
      antigenicity of tissues may remain intact, pathological diagnosis is difficult
      due to the destruction of the tissue by freezing. To overcome this difficulty and
      the development of artifact, we have attempted to make a fixative based on a 10%
      formalin solution to provide good fixation effect. Various mixtures of 10%
      formalin with sucrose, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), glycerin, ethylene glycol and
      polyethylene glycol were prepared in different concentrations. Tissues of liver,
      kidney and stomach taken from autopsy or surgical biopsy were fixed with each
      solution at room temperature for 24 hours and then exposed to -20 degrees C for 2
      days. After they were returned to room temperature, they were embedded in
      paraffin and stained with H&E and immunohistochemically examined by the PAP
      method. It could be shown that 10% formalin containing 20% ethylene glycol was
      the most suitable "fixative" to use. The specimens did not freeze and examination
      of the tissues showed that the morphology and antigenicity remained intact. In
      addition, this solution could be prepared easily and economically.

PMID- 3692432
TI  - [Analysis of c-onc genes in choriocarcinoma cells].
AB  - Regulatory or structural alterations of c-onc genes including amplification,
      rearrangement and point mutation was implicated in the causation of various
      malignant tumors. However, such changes of molecular levels have not been
      reported so far in choriocarcinoma cells. In the present study, thus, 5
      choriocarcinoma cell lines were analyzed by hybridization using 16 oncogene
      probes. By Southern blot hybridization of DNA extracted from these cells, 8 fold
      amplification of c-myc gene and rearrangement of c-fms gene were shown in ENAMI
      cells, although the role of these alterations remained unknown. Northern blot
      hybridization performed simultaneously demonstrated multiple expression of c-onc
      genes. 4 choriocarcinoma cell lines (HCCM, CHl, CCl, ENAMI) expressed at least 11
      c-onc genes (H-ras, K-ras, N-ras, c-myc, N-myc, fos, fms, src, yes, erb B and
      raf); though the degree of expression of H-ras, C-myc, erb B and fms in these
      cells was either similar or enhanced as compared with normal fibroblast, the
      expression of two c-onc genes (N-myc and fos) was extremely enhanced. However,
      expression of K-ras and myb was either low or not detected. The multiple
      expression of c-onc genes seems to reflect partly on growth advantages of
      trophoblast. Transfection assay using NIH3T3 cells failed to form any transformed
      foci. Since choriocarcinoma cells which derived from the transformation of
      trophoblast of complete mole possess the genetic characteristics identical to the
      one of cells of complete mole, chromosomal instability was assumed to play a
      major role for multiple oncogene expression in choriocarcinoma cells.

PMID- 3692433
TI  - The dependence of maximal expiratory flow on vital capacity: a theoretical
      analysis.
AB  - The decrease of maximal expiratory flow rates (Vmax) at the 50 or 25 per cent
      level of vital capacity (V50, V25) in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has
      been reported by several investigators, and most of them simply concluded that
      small airway obstruction was associated with IPF. However, Jayamanne et al.
      (1978) stressed that the reduced airflow in this disease was due to the reduction
      of lung volume than to abnormally elevated resistance to airflow in small
      airways. Theoretical analysis on the influence of lung volume on Vmax using a
      mathematical model supported the opinion of Jayamanne et al.

PMID- 3692434
TI  - Flight effects on plasma glucose, lactate, catecholamines and corticosterone in
      homing pigeons.
AB  - Significant increase in the circulating levels of glucose, lactate, adrenaline
      (A) and noradrenaline (NA) was observed in homing pigeons after a flight of 48
      km, lasting 60-80 min. There was, however, no change in plasma corticosterone
      concentrations. The increase in lactate has been attributed mainly to the
      activity of the white glycolytic fibres in the flight muscles. The increase in A
      and NA indicated increased sympathetic activity. It is suggested that the flight
      induced increase in A stimulated the release of glucagon which could account for
      the increase in plasma glucose. The lack of any increase in plasma corticosterone
      implied that the birds were not under any serious stress during the flight and
      that these results represent the normal changes that may be expected in pigeons
      during a free flight of the specified distance and duration.

PMID- 3692435
TI  - Growth hormone binding to cultured preadipocytes from obese fa/fa rats increases
      during cell differentiation.
AB  - Preadipocytes from 7 day-old obese Zucker rats and from their lean littermates
      were grown in primary culture. Specific binding of human growth hormone (hGH) to
      the cells is demonstrated. There is no change in hGH binding to preadipocytes
      from lean animals before (day 5 of the culture) and after adipose conversion (day
      12). Moreover, addition of insulin to the culture medium does not affect the
      specific binding of 125I-hGH to the cells. On the contrary, when 1 nM insulin is
      added to the culture medium of preadipocytes from obese rats, the specific
      binding of 125I-hGH is enhanced during the cell differentiation, with a 3-fold
      increase in the number of binding sites. The functional significance of these
      additional GH sites in differentiated preadipocytes from obese rats has to be
      examined.

PMID- 3692436
TI  - The serum apo B and apo E in rats following cholesterol diet and thymus
      treatment.
AB  - The serum levels of apo B and apo E in rats fed on a diet rich in cholesterol
      before and after thymus treatment were determined by the authors. The diet
      enriched with cholesterol increases the serum levels of apo E and of the large
      and small species of apo B. After treatment the large apo B and the small one
      strongly decrease, while apo E increases further. These data support the
      hypothesis that the dropping of total cholesterol, after thymus treatment, cannot
      be ascribed to apo E decrease but possibly to B-apoproteins.

PMID- 3692437
TI  - Effect of various components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system on
      angiotensinogen production in a monolayer culture of adult rat hepatocytes.
AB  - A monolayer culture of adult rat hepatocytes was used to study the effect of
      various components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (angiotensin II,
      aldosterone and angiotensinogen), and intracellular sodium depletion (by ouabaine
      addition) on the angiotensinogen production rate. Normal hepatocytes synthesized
      linearly angiotensinogen for 6 h at a mean rate of 110 pg angiotensin I
      generated/mg intracellular protein each h. The addition of hydrocortisone (0.1
      microM) to the culture medium significantly enhanced the angiotensinogen
      production after 2 h of incubation (P less than 0.05), being about 2-fold higher
      than normal control values at the 6th h of incubation. In contrast to this
      increase, the addition of angiotensin II (70 nM) to the medium produced a higher
      stimulatory effect on angiotensinogen synthesis, being the differences with the
      control significants after 1 h of incubation (P less than 0.01). At the 6th h of
      incubation, angiotensin II enhanced the angiotensinogen production over 2 fold in
      relation to the control group. No change in the angiotensinogen production rate
      was observed in monolayer culture of hepatocytes in the presence of aldosterone
      (1 microM), angiotensinogen (0.1 microM) or ouabaine (10 microM). These results
      provide further evidence that angiotensinogen synthesis is subject to a positive
      feed-back mechanism by angiotensin II, indicating that this mechanism takes place
      at physiological levels of plasma AII.

PMID- 3692438
TI  - Effects of the hormone relaxin on the metabolism of the glycosaminoglycans in the
      mouse symphysis pubis.
AB  - The influence of the peptide hormone relaxin on the glycosaminoglycan (GAG)
      metabolism was investigated in the pubic ligament of the symphysis pubis and in
      serum of the virgin mouse. Fresh weight DNA and GAG content per 1 ligament is
      significantly increased, the level of water soluble protein is not affected. A
      shift in the electrophoretic GAG pattern by an increasing amount of hyaluronic
      acid and a decreasing amount of chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate can be
      observed. Concerning GAG-splitting enzymes (N-acetylglucosaminidase,
      arylsulfatase, beta-glucuronidase) the N-acetylglucosaminidase reveals a
      significant increase of its activity in the interpubic ligament and in the serum.
      The data demonstrate that relaxin treatment induces some changes in the GAG
      metabolism.

PMID- 3692439
TI  - Suppression of nocturnal plasma melatonin and 6-sulphatoxymelatonin by bright and
      dim light in man.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that bright light (2500 lux) suppresses nocturnal
      secretion of melatonin, while dim light (500 lux) has little or no effect. We
      have studied the effect of varying intensities of light on 5 normal male
      volunteers (age 18-28). The experiment was divided into 3 parts which took place
      at weekly intervals. Subjects remained under artificial light (fluorescent strip
      150-250 lux) between 2000 h-2300 h, they then retired to bed in darkness. On each
      occasion, between 0030 h and 0100 h, the subjects were required to get up and
      were treated with light of different intensities; (a) less than 1 lux, (b) 300
      lux and (c) 2500 lux respectively. Subjects returned to bed in darkness until
      0700 h. Blood was sampled hourly from 2000 h-1000 h with additional samples at
      2330 h, 0015 h, 0030 h, 0045 h, 0115 h and 0130 h. Plasma melatonin and 6
      sulphatoxymelatonin (aMT6s), the major melatonin metabolite, were measured by
      radioimmunoassay. Dim (300 lux) and bright (2500 lux) light, both significantly
      suppressed melatonin levels compared to less than 1 lux (P less than 0.05 and P
      less than 0.01 respectively) at the following time points 0100 h, 0115 h and 0130
      h. One subject did not show suppression with 300 lux. There was also a
      significant suppression of aMT6s levels, compared to less than 1 lux, after both
      300 lux and 2500 lux at 0115 h (P less than 0.05, P less than 0.01), 0130 h (P
      less than 0.01, P less than 0.01) and 0200 h (P less than 0.01, P less than
      0.001) respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3692440
TI  - Saliva levels of oestradiol and progesterone in relation to non-protein-bound
      concentrations in blood during late pregnancy.
AB  - Serum and saliva samples were obtained from 25 women in the last eight weeks of
      pregnancy. The concentrations of oestradiol and progesterone were measured by
      radioimmunoassay. The proportion of each hormone which was not bound to protein
      in serum was measured by centrifugal ultrafiltration: for progesterone the
      unbound fraction was 2.5% (2.13--2.78%) and for oestradiol 1.27% (1--1.83%).
      There was only a weak relationship between the free hormone concentrations
      estimated in blood and the levels measured in saliva. We conclude that, for the
      situation examined here, saliva does not provide a useful measure of unbound,
      biologically active steroid.

PMID- 3692441
TI  - Pirenzepine blunts the nocturnal growth hormone release in insulin dependent
      diabetes.

PMID- 3692442
TI  - Lack of effect of glucagon on T4 and T3 secretion from perfused dog thyroid
      lobes.

PMID- 3692443
TI  - Greater efficiency of human growth hormone therapy in children below five years
      of age with growth hormone deficiency. A 5-year follow-up study.
AB  - The effect of human growth hormone (hGH) therapy was studied in 39 prepubertal
      children with growth hormone deficiency (24 with isolated growth hormone
      deficiency; 15 with multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies) who had been treated
      for 2-5 years. They were divided into two groups according to age at the
      initiation of therapy: group A (n = 21), 0.7-4.8 years (mean chronological age,
      2.9 +/- 1.4 years, and bone age, 1.2 +/- 0.9 years); group B (n = 18), 5.2-9.9
      years (mean chronological age, 7.4 +/- 1.3 years, and bone age, 4.0 +/- 1.5
      years). hGH was given at an initial dose of 2-4 IU 3 times/week, raised to 4-6 IU
      3 times/week when growth velocity slowed. In the first year, the mean height SDS
      gain was 1.7 for group A and 0.8 for group B, and in the second year, 1.1 and
      0.1, respectively. Subsequently this remained consistent. Bone age advancement
      was significantly slower in the younger group (3.8 vs. 5.8 years during 5 years)
      although this group had a greater catch-up response to therapy. It is concluded
      that hGH therapy is significantly more effective in achieving normalization of
      height when treatment is initiated at an early age.

PMID- 3692444
TI  - Central hypogonadism in burned men.
AB  - Serum samples were obtained from 30 burned men at different times up to the
      fourth month after injury. Mean concentrations of estradiol (E2) were elevated
      above those for healthy control subjects. Mean serum total testosterone (T), sex
      hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), bioassayable luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroxine
      (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and their free indices (FT4I and FT3I) were depressed
      below those of controls during the first postburn week. Mean values for T and LH
      were progressively higher in samples taken from later time periods but remained
      depressed. Mean SHBG and thyroid hormones rose and were not significantly
      different from control values during later periods of the study. Calculated non
      SHBG-bound T (NSBT) was below normal in each time period. The close correlation
      of SHBG values with those of T3 and FT3I in the patients suggests that SHBG
      responds to the altered thyroid hormone milieu of burn injury. It is postulated
      that elevated serum E2 perhaps from adrenal precursors promotes an alteration of
      hypothalamic function resulting in a markedly reduced secretion of bioactive LH
      and diminished Leydig cell function.

PMID- 3692445
TI  - Lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin's disease: a reappraisal based upon histological
      and immunophenotypical findings in relapsing cases.
AB  - The clinical, morphological and immunological findings in nine cases of relapsing
      lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin's disease (LPHD) are examined. Six patients had
      initial biopsies demonstrating nodular lymphocytic and/or histiocytic (L&H) LPHD;
      Leu-M1 was not expressed by any of the atypical cells in these cases. All six
      demonstrated one or more recurrences of nodular L & H LPHD; four are currently
      free of disease, one died of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and another died of
      leukaemia. Two patients had initial biopsies demonstrating diffuse LPHD, with
      only rare multilobated atypical cells (L & H variants). Both patients had
      recurrences interpreted as mixed cellularity Hodgkin's disease, 10 and 15 years
      after initial therapy and both died with lymphocyte depleted Hodgkin's disease.
      The atypical cells in the initial biopsies and in subsequent recurrences failed
      to express Leu-M1, but did express leukocyte common antigen. The initial biopsy
      from the final patient was histologically interpreted as focal involvement by
      LPHD, but interfollicular Hodgkin's disease was considered after the Leu-M1 stain
      revealed additional atypical cells. The disease relapsed and the patient died
      with typical nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease. The pattern of the relapses
      supports the concept that the histological entity of LPHD may include several
      distinct clinicopathological subgroups.

PMID- 3692446
TI  - Infantile myofibromatosis: histogenesis.

PMID- 3692447
TI  - Dysplasia in ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 3692448
TI  - Stress and burnout among providers caring for the terminally ill and their
      families.

PMID- 3692449
TI  - Burnout among hospice nurses: an empirical assessment.

PMID- 3692450
TI  - Volunteer stress and burnout: issues for administrators.

PMID- 3692451
TI  - Stress among hospice directors: a growing concern.

PMID- 3692452
TI  - Stress reduction for hospice workers: a support group model.

PMID- 3692453
TI  - Hospice caregiving: strategies to avoid burnout and maintain self-preservation.

PMID- 3692454
TI  - Self-care: challenges and rewards for hospice professionals.

PMID- 3692455
TI  - Community psychiatry: alive and thriving in the military.

PMID- 3692456
TI  - The economic and social costs of panic disorder.

PMID- 3692457
TI  - Challenges in developing an inpatient psychiatric program for patients with AIDS
      and ARC.
AB  - The presence of patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex (ARC) on a
      psychiatric unit requires education of and adaptation by staff and other patients
      as well as changes in the psychiatric milieu. The authors describe their
      experiences with 36 AIDS and ARC patients admitted to a psychiatric unit over an
      18-month period. They address issues related to staff reactions to terminal
      illness and to increased demands to provide physical care, milieu management that
      takes into account the limitations of AIDS patients suffering from dementia,
      diagnostic complications arising from mixed psychopathology in some AIDS
      patients, and the increased susceptibility of AIDS patients to side effects and
      toxicity from psychotropic medication. Other issues relating to infection
      control, ethical concerns, needs of friends and family, and disposition planning
      are also discussed.

PMID- 3692458
TI  - The Armero tragedy: lessons for mental health professionals.
AB  - A U.S. mental health consultant worked closely with medical personnel soon after
      a volcanic eruption and mud avalanche killed about 22,000 persons and devastated
      the area around Armero, Colombia. The consultant conducted workshops and courses
      on crisis intervention for health personnel operating disaster relief units and
      for mental health professionals, pediatric nurses, and family workers; she also
      provided consultations to clinic and shelter directors and case consultation with
      hospitalized victims. Observations of early postdisaster responses of
      hospitalized victims showed recurring themes such as victims' ambivalence about
      learning the full extent of the disaster and their own losses, delayed mourning
      because many bodies could not be recovered, somatic expressions of anxiety and
      fear, and the use of primitive defenses, such as magical thinking.

PMID- 3692459
TI  - The libidinal cocoon: a nurturing retreat for the families of plane crash
      victims.
AB  - In 1985 the families of 137 passengers killed when a Delta Airlines jet crashed
      at Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport stayed in a secluded hotel while
      waiting for the victims' bodies to be retrieved and identified. In this protected
      environment, which the author calls the "libidinal cocoon," the families received
      intensive nurturing from the author, a Dallas psychiatrist; a team of Red Cross
      nurses; hotel staff; airline representatives; clergy; and each other. The
      supportive environment allowed the families to regress safely and to satisfy the
      basic yearning, intensified in times of personal loss, for an idealized caretaker
      who will meet all one's needs. The author believes this kind of intervention may
      be useful in future disasters with massive casualties.

PMID- 3692460
TI  - Reactions to the 1985 Mexican earthquake: case vignettes.
AB  - In September 1985 the strongest earthquake ever recorded in Mexico City
      devastated parts of a city already burdened by complex economic, political, and
      social problems. Overall, residents of the city demonstrated resilience and
      strength in dealing with the physical and psychosocial aspects of the disaster.
      Many in the unaffected areas responded quickly to provide assistance, and most
      residents continued to function in spite of the trauma. Primarily through case
      vignettes, the author describes reactions of individuals and families to the
      quake.

PMID- 3692461
TI  - Mental health responses in a decade of disasters: Australia, 1974-1983.
AB  - Between 1974 and 1983, Australia experienced the Darwin cyclone, the Granville
      rail disaster, and the Ash Wednesday bush-fires, each of which killed more than
      60 people and caused significant emotional distress. Mental health response
      systems developed in the wake of the disasters varied in their level of
      sophistication and degree of acceptance, but they generally became better
      orchestrated and appreciated with each disaster. Lessons learned from research
      and review following one disaster were often applied in responding to the next.
      Research and review were particularly crucial in uncovering the presence of
      significant morbidity, including posttraumatic stress disorder, among relief
      workers and children and in highlighting the need for coordination of mental
      health services with other relief efforts. Many jurisdictions in Australia have
      since modified their disaster relief plans to include mental health services.

PMID- 3692462
TI  - The relationship between mental health programs and general physicians.

PMID- 3692463
TI  - Empirical studies of PTSD.

PMID- 3692464
TI  - Uses of computerized data.

PMID- 3692465
TI  - Consensus in classification.

PMID- 3692466
TI  - Concordance in isonymy and pedigree measures of inbreeding: the effects of sample
      composition.

PMID- 3692467
TI  - Relationship of femoral length to recumbent length and stature in fetal,
      neonatal, and early childhood growth.

PMID- 3692468
TI  - Cleft lip/palate in Mayans of the state of Campeche, Mexico.

PMID- 3692469
TI  - Trends in opportunity for natural selection in the Swedish population during the
      period 1650-1980.

PMID- 3692470
TI  - Maternal and infant outcomes among Caucasians and Hmong refugees in Minneapolis,
      Minnesota.

PMID- 3692471
TI  - Sensitivities, specificities, and positive predictive values of simple indices of
      body fat distribution.

PMID- 3692472
TI  - Body composition of Guatemalan sugarcane cutters, worker productivity and
      different work settings and conditions.

PMID- 3692473
TI  - Long ovarian cycles in women of highland New Guinea.

PMID- 3692474
TI  - Protein deprivation and perinatal weight changes in rhesus monkeys.

PMID- 3692476
TI  - Human cholinesterase genes localized by hybridization to chromosomes 3 and 16.
AB  - A cloned human cDNA for cholinesterase (ChE) was used as a probe for in situ
      hybridization to spread lymphocyte chromosomes to map the structural human CHE
      genes to distinct chromosomal regions. The recent genetic linkage assignment of
      the CHE1 locus of the CHE gene to chromosome 3q was confirmed and further refined
      to 3q21-q26, close to the genes coding for transferrin (TF) and transferrin
      receptor (TFRC). The CHE1 allele localizes to a 3q region that is commonly
      mutated and then associated with abnormal megakaryocyte proliferation in acute
      myelodysplastic anomalies. In view of earlier findings that ChE inhibitors induce
      megakaryocytopoiesis in culture, this localization may indicate that ChEs are
      involved in regulating the differentiation of megakaryocytes. A second site for
      ChEcDNA hybridization was found on chromosome 16p11-q23, demonstrating that the
      CHE2 locus of the cholinesterase gene, which directs the production of the common
      C5 variant of serum ChE, also codes for a structural subunit of the enzyme and is
      localized on the same chromosome with the haptoglobin (HP) gene, both genes being
      found on the long arm of chromosome 16. The finding of two sites for ChEcDNA
      hybridization suggests that the two loci coding for human ChEs may include
      nonidentical sequences responsible for the biochemical differences between ChE
      variants.

PMID- 3692475
TI  - Partial structure of the human alpha 2(IV) collagen chain and chromosomal
      localization of the gene (COL4A2).
AB  - We have isolated a 2.1-kb cDNA clone from a human placental library encoding part
      of the alpha 2 chain of collagen IV, a major structural protein of basement
      membranes. The DNA sequence encodes 446 amino acids in the triple-helical domain
      plus the 227 amino acids of the carboxy-terminal globular domain. The latter
      structure is composed of two homologous subdomains and is highly conserved
      between the alpha 1 and alpha 2 chains. The triple-helical domain contained seven
      interruptions of the Gly-X-Y repeat and these interruptions were in general
      larger than their counterparts in the alpha 1 chain. DNA from human rodent hybrid
      cell lines was analyzed under conditions in which there was no cross
      hybridization of the alpha 2(IV) cDNA probe with the gene for the alpha 1(IV)
      collagen chain. An EcoRI fragment characteristic of the alpha 2 chain had a
      concordance of 0.97 with chromosome 13. This result was confirmed and extended
      with in situ localization of the gene at 13q34. Since the alpha 1(IV) gene has
      previously been localized to 13q34, the two type IV collagen genes reside in the
      same chromosome region (13q34), possibly in a gene cluster. The presence of the
      genes for type IV collagen chains on chromosome 13 excludes a primary role for
      these genes in adult polycystic kidney disease and X-linked forms of hereditary
      nephritis.

PMID- 3692477
TI  - Hereditary pyropoikilocytosis and elliptocytosis in a Caucasian family.
      Transmission of the same molecular defect in spectrin through three generations
      with different clinical expression.
AB  - Hereditary pyropoikilocytosis (HPP) is a severe hemolytic anemia characterized by
      a material instability of the red cell membrane leading to cell fragmentation.
      This fragility may be correlated with functional and structural defects of
      spectrin. Most HPP patients have been black. We now report three HPP patients
      from a Caucasian family, the proposita and her two maternal uncles. The
      proposita's mother and daughter presented mild type I hereditary elliptocytosis
      (HE), while the proposita's father was clinically and hematologically normal. Our
      studies revealed a defective ability of spectrin to self-associate, resulting in
      an excess of spectrin dimer in 4 degrees C extracts in the three HPP patients and
      to a similar extent in HE relatives. Limited tryptic digestion of spectrin showed
      a molecular variant in the alpha I domain as expressed by a decreased amount of
      80,000-dalton peptide with a concomitant increase in the 74,000-dalton peptide.
      Investigations in the proposita's father revealed no abnormalities of the
      erythrocyte membrane. The co-transmission of HPP and HE phenotypes in the same
      lineage might suggest variability in the clinical expression of the same
      molecular defect and lead us to discuss the hypothesis of a double heterozygosity
      in HPP patients.

PMID- 3692478
TI  - Prenatal enzymatic diagnosis and exclusion of Krabbe's disease (globoid-cell
      leukodystrophy) using chorionic villi in five risk pregnancies.
AB  - Galactosyl ceramide beta-galactosidase activity was determined in chorionic villi
      (CV) samples obtained between the 9th and 11th weeks of gestation from 5 women
      with pregnancies at risk for Krabbe's disease (globoid-cell leukodystrophy, KD).
      These enzyme activities were compared with those in controls, as well as with
      those in cultured amniotic fluid cells (AFC) from one of the five at-risk
      pregnancies and from 29 KD-risk pregnancies studied previously. The results of
      these CV enzyme analyses were such that one case of fetal KD was clearly
      diagnosable, one fetal genotype heterozygous for KD was presumed, and three
      normal fetal genotypes were suggested. The use of both uncultured and cultered CV
      can be recommended for prenatal KD testing, but AFC may continue to play an
      important role, too. Of the 58 prenatal KD tests we have evaluated since 1974, a
      positive diagnosis of Krabbe's disease was made (and confirmed after termination
      of pregnancy when feasible) in 23 which is significantly more than 25% of 58.

PMID- 3692479
TI  - 47,XXX females, sex chromosomes, and tooth crown structure.
AB  - Enamel thickness of the maxillary permanent central incisors and canines in seven
      Finnish 47,XXX females, their first-degree male and female relatives, and control
      males and females from the general population were determined from radiographs.
      The results showed that enamel in teeth of 47,XXX females was clearly thicker
      than that of normal controls. On the other hand, the thickness of "dentin"
      (distance between mesial and distal dentinoenamel junctions) in 47,XXX females'
      teeth was about the same as that in normal control females, but clearly reduced
      as compared with that in control males. It is therefore obvious that in the
      triple-X chromosome complement the extra X chromosome is active in amelogenesis,
      whereas it has practically no influence on the growth of dentin. The calculations
      based on present and previous results in 45,X females and 47,XYY males indicate
      that the X chromosome increases metric enamel growth somewhat more effectively
      than the Y chromosome. Possibly, halfway states exist between active and
      repressed enamel genes on the X chromosome. The Y chromosome seems to promote
      dental growth in a holistic fashion.

PMID- 3692480
TI  - Analysis of protein patterns from different organs and cell fractions of trisomy
      19 mice.
AB  - Proteins were extracted from liver, brain, and skin of 6-day-old mice with
      trisomy (Ts) 19 and fractionated into solubilized cell proteins and structure
      bound cell proteins. The proteins were separated by two-dimensional
      electrophoresis, and protein patterns were compared in the combinations Ts/normal
      and normal/normal. Analysis of the protein patterns revealed protein spots
      (variants) with densities higher (h-type) or lower (l-type) in trisomies than in
      normal mice. Some of these variants were found in all Ts individuals investigated
      for a particular protein class. These variants, termed regular Ts-variants,
      constituted 0.8%-1.6% of the total number of spots. The proteins of the regular
      Ts variants were in most cases organ-nonspecific. However, in almost all cases a
      given quantitative variation was expressed in only one of the three organs
      investigated. To explain our results, we have presented models for the control of
      protein levels on the basis of gene regulation. New aspects in the conception of
      studies on trisomies in man could be gained.

PMID- 3692481
TI  - Reciprocal translocation t(1;18)(p32;q21) in a patient with some phenotypical
      anomalies.

PMID- 3692482
TI  - The rare variant ADA 6-1. First detection in a Japanese population.

PMID- 3692483
TI  - Origin of the human L1 elements: proposed progenitor genes deduced from a
      consensus DNA sequence.
AB  - A consensus sequence for the human long interspersed repeated DNA element, L1Hs
      (LINE or KpnI sequence), is presented. The sequence contains two open reading
      frames (ORFs) which are homologous to ORFs in corresponding regions of L1
      elements in other species. The L1Hs ORFs are separated by a small evolutionarily
      nonconserved region. The 5' end of the consensus contains frequent terminators in
      all three reading frames and has a relatively high GC content with numerous
      stretches of weak homology with AluI repeats. The 5' ORF extends for a minimum of
      723 bp (241 codons). The 3' ORF is 3843 bp (1281 codons) and predicts a protein
      of 149 kD which has regions of weak homology to the polymerase domain of various
      reverse transcriptases. The 3' end of the consensus has a 208-bp nonconserved
      region followed by an adenine-rich end. The organization of the L1Hs consensus
      sequence resembles the structure of eukaryotic mRNAs except for the noncoding
      region between ORFs. However, due to base substitutions or truncation most
      elements appear incapable of producing mRNA that can be translated. Our
      observation that individual elements cluster into subfamilies on the basis of the
      presence or absence of blocks of sequence, or by the linkage of alternative bases
      at multiple positions, suggests that most L1 sequences were derived from a small
      number of structural genes. An estimate of the mammalian L1 substitution rate was
      derived and used to predict the age of individual human elements. From this it
      follows that the majority of human L1 sequences have been generated within the
      last 30 million years. The human elements studied here differ from each other,
      yet overall the L1Hs sequences demonstrate a pattern of species-specificity when
      compared to the L1 families of other mammals. Possible mechanisms that may
      account for the origin and evolution of the L1 family are discussed. These
      include pseudogene formation (retroposition), transposition, gene conversion, and
      RNA recombination.

PMID- 3692484
TI  - Structure and expression of the human creatine kinase B gene.
AB  - Various cDNAs for creatine kinase type B (CK-B) were isolated from human cDNA
      libraries using a 26-oligonucleotide guess-mer probe. One of the cDNAs appeared
      to be almost full-length and contained an open reading frame coding for the 381
      amino acid residues of the human CK-B polypeptide. The nucleotide sequences of
      the translated region as well as the primary protein structure show a high degree
      of homology with known CK-B and CK-M sequences of other vertebrates. The level of
      CK-B RNA as a measure of CK-B gene activity was determined in various human
      tissues and cultured cells. Our results confirm that CK-B is expressed in a
      tissue-specific manner and give support to the previously proposed relation
      between CK-B gene activity and cell proliferation. Screening of genomic DNA with
      various cDNA regions as probes revealed that there is only one CK-B gene per
      haploid genome. Gene cloning and sequencing indicated that CK-B is coded for by a
      relatively small gene of 3.2 kb in size, which is partially overlapped by an HTF
      island (A. P. Bird (1986) Nature (London) 321, 557-558) with an extremely high G
      + C content at its 5' end.

PMID- 3692485
TI  - Human genes involved in lipolysis of plasma lipoproteins: mapping of loci for
      lipoprotein lipase to 8p22 and hepatic lipase to 15q21.
AB  - We have used cDNA probes for lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase to determine
      the chromosomal and subchromosomal locations of the human genes for these
      lipolytic enzymes. Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA from 17 independent
      mouse-human somatic cell hybrids demonstrated the presence of the gene for human
      lipoprotein lipase on chromosome 8, whereas the gene for hepatic lipase was on
      chromosome 15. Regional mapping of the genes by in situ hybridization to human
      chromosomes indicated that the lipoprotein lipase gene (LPL) resides in the p22
      region of chromosome 8, while hepatic lipase gene (HL) resides in the q21 region
      of chromosome 15. We previously reported, on the basis of nucleotide and amino
      acid homologies, that these genes are members of a gene family of lipases, and,
      thus, the present findings indicate that the members of this family are
      dispersed. The results are also of significance with respect to disorders
      involving deficiencies of the enzymes. In particular, they suggest that certain
      rare combined deficiencies of both enzymes do not involve mutations of the
      structural loci.

PMID- 3692486
TI  - Chromosomal localization of the met proto-oncogene in the mouse and cat genome.
AB  - The met proto-oncogene was mapped in the mouse and cat genomes with the use of
      mouse X hamster and cat X rodent somatic cell hybrid DNA panels. Based on these
      analyses we assigned the met gene to mouse chromosome 6 and to cat chromosome A2.
      We also assigned the cat raf-1 proto-oncogene to the A2 chromosome; met and raf-1
      are the first cloned DNAs mapped to this linkage group. Using an interspecies
      backcross we further localized met on mouse chromosome 6 to a position proximal
      to the beta chain of the T-cell receptor. This places met near the obese locus in
      a region of mouse chromosome 6 that appears to be homologous with the long arm of
      human chromosome 7. The close linkage of met to the gene responsible for cystic
      fibrosis in humans suggests that further genetic analysis of mouse chromosome 6
      may be useful in developing a mouse model for the disease.

PMID- 3692487
TI  - MAPMAKER: an interactive computer package for constructing primary genetic
      linkage maps of experimental and natural populations.
AB  - With the advent of RFLPs, genetic linkage maps are now being assembled for a
      number of organisms including both inbred experimental populations such as maize
      and outbred natural populations such as humans. Accurate construction of such
      genetic maps requires multipoint linkage analysis of particular types of
      pedigrees. We describe here a computer package, called MAPMAKER, designed
      specifically for this purpose. The program uses an efficient algorithm that
      allows simultaneous multipoint analysis of any number of loci. MAPMAKER also
      includes an interactive command language that makes it easy for a geneticist to
      explore linkage data. MAPMAKER has been applied to the construction of linkage
      maps in a number of organisms, including the human and several plants, and we
      outline the mapping strategies that have been used.

PMID- 3692488
TI  - Why low-flying fighter planes crash: perceptual and attentional factors in
      collisions with the ground.

PMID- 3692489
TI  - A FRAMEwork for the use of primates?

PMID- 3692490
TI  - Influence of several chelating agents on the distribution and binding of cadmium
      in rats.
AB  - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with 109CdCl2 (3 mumol Cd/kg) and killed
      between 1 h and 200 d afterwards. Metal concentration in the critical organs,
      i.e. liver and kidneys decreased very slowly. Within the cells Cd is found mainly
      in the cytosol and--at very early times--in the nuclei. Within the cytosol of the
      liver most of the metal is initially bound to proteins with high molecular weight
      but as early as 3 h after incorporation more than 90% is bound to metallothionein
      which is always the main binding site in the kidneys. Of the chelating agents
      tested only BAL and Puchel were able to reduce the body burden significantly.
      Both are lipophilic substances. Puchel cannot reduce the kidney Cd burden but
      removes Cd from the liver only while BAL is effective in both organs. Both
      chelating agents exert their effects at doses which are too near to the LD50 to
      be considered as safe enough for human use.

PMID- 3692491
TI  - Unusually high circumpulpal lead concentrations as valid evidence of lead
      intoxication.
AB  - A case is reported of a 59-year-old male who had been employed continuously as a
      motor technician for 32 years. During the latter period of his employment he
      gradually developed a number of the signs and symptoms typically manifested by
      persons suffering from lead intoxication. Five years after the termination of his
      employment, the lead content in the circumpulpal dentine of 2 of his teeth was
      determined and found to be more than 7 times higher than that of the controls.
      Thus, the probability of lead intoxication is supported very strongly.

PMID- 3692492
TI  - The clearance of uranium after deposition of the nitrate and bicarbonate in
      different regions of the rat lung.
AB  - This study investigated the tissue distribution and excretion of uranium after
      its deposition as either the nitrate or bicarbonate in the three regions of the
      respiratory system of the rat. Results confirm the recommendations of ICRP that
      uranyl nitrate and bicarbonate should be treated as class D compounds; but imply
      that some of the parameters used in the ICRP lung model are not applicable to
      soluble uranium compounds.

PMID- 3692493
TI  - Detoxification of styrene oxide by human liver glutathione transferase.
AB  - Cytosolic glutathione transferase (GST) was investigated in four human livers.
      The profile of GST activity was determined by isoelectric focusing using 1-chloro
      2,4-dinitrobenzene as the electrophilic substrate. Three livers contained at
      least one basic and a near-neutral isoenzyme (GST mu). GST mu was not detectable
      in the fourth liver. The kinetics of GST with styrene oxide as the electrophilic
      substrate were studied in the cytosolic fraction, with the pooled fractions from
      isoelectric focusing containing high activity of GST mu transferase, and with GST
      mu purified to homogeneity. The cytosol obeyed Michaelis-Menten kinetics when
      styrene oxide was used as the variable substrate. The average (+/- s.e.m.) of the
      Vmax and Km were 21.9 +/- 7.9 nmol min-1mg-1 and 4.9 +/- 0.4 mM, respectively. At
      varying concentrations of glutathione, the enzyme did not obey Michaelis-Menten
      kinetics. Such kinetics were also observed with the fractions from isoelectric
      focusing and with the homogeneous GST mu fraction. The Eadie-Hofstee plot showed
      two phases: one with a low and another with a high Km value. The apparent Km
      values for the cytosol were 0.035 +/- 0.022 and 0.88 +/- 0.36 mM. The kinetic
      pattern of purified GST mu is consistent with that found in the cytosol.

PMID- 3692494
TI  - Isoniazid overdose: pharmacokinetics and effects of oral charcoal in treatment.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of isoniazid following overdose in two patients is
      described. One patient was treated with haemodialysis for seizures and persistent
      coma without obvious immediate clinical improvement. In addition, three volunteer
      subjects were given isoniazid orally on two separate occasions. Isoniazid
      elimination pharmacokinetics were determined with and without concominant
      charcoal. Oral activated charcoal totally prevented the absorption of isoniazid.
      Current recommendations for treatment of isoniazid overdoses include intravenous
      pyridoxine (one gram IV pyridoxine for each gram of ingested isoniazid),
      intravenous diazepam or phenobarbital for continued seizures, and gastric
      decontamination with lavage and activated charcoal (1 g/kg). Extraordinary
      measures such as early haemodialysis and haemoperfusion should be reserved for
      those patients with persistent coma or refractory seizures.

PMID- 3692495
TI  - Bone marrow hypoplasia during intensive care: bone marrow culture studies
      implicating ranitidine in the suppression of haemopoiesis.
AB  - Two seriously ill patients with renal failure developed bone marrow hypoplasia
      and peripheral blood cytopenias during admission to an Intensive Care Unit (ICU).
      Both patients were being treated with ranitidine and, in both, there was evidence
      of drug accumulation. Serum from the patient with the highest concentration of
      ranitidine inhibited granulocyte-macrophage colony growth from normal bone
      marrow. The addition of ranitidine to cultures of normal bone marrow also
      produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of colony growth. Ranitidine should
      be used with caution in patients with renal failure where drug accumulation may
      seriously impair bone marrow function.

PMID- 3692496
TI  - Influence of cigarette smoking on thyroid hormone levels.
AB  - 1 Serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and thyrotropin (TSH)
      concentrations and urinary thiocyanate levels were examined in healthy smokers
      and non-smokers as an indicator of smoking behaviour. Smokers were subdivided
      into moderate and heavy. 2 Significant differences in urinary thiocyanate levels
      were apparent between all three groups. For heavy smokers, serum T3
      concentrations were significantly above the values found in non-smokers.
      Increased serum T3 levels were not accompanied by a substantial change in serum
      T4 and TSH concentrations.

PMID- 3692497
TI  - Age and self-poisoning: the epidemiology in Newcastle upon Tyne in the 1980s.
AB  - The epidemiology of 737 consecutive self-poisoning admissions to Freeman
      Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, has been investigated with reference to age in
      young (less than 35), mid-aged (35-64) and elderly (greater than or equal to 65
      year) patients. The most important differences were increased formal psychiatric
      illness in the elderly, demonstrated by increased likelihood of admission to
      psychiatric units; less likelihood of overdose with multiple agents in the
      elderly, and less use of alcohol. There were also differences in the types of
      drugs used. The youngest patients took more paracetamol and less psychoactive
      drugs and more of their drugs were prescribed for a relative than the other two
      groups. The elderly were much less likely to receive gastric lavage or emesis and
      more likely to receive supportive treatment only than younger patients. This
      difference may, in part, be explained by the more frequent occurrence of
      benzodiazepine poisoning in those over 65 years.

PMID- 3692499
TI  - Terbutaline concentrations in self-poisoning: a case report.
AB  - A young female patient was admitted twice within two months, each time after an
      overdose of 500 mg terbutaline. Clinical features included nausea, tachycardia,
      tremor, hyperglycemia and hypokalemia. Although plasma concentrations of
      terbutaline were at least 50 times the normal therapeutic level, after potassium
      substitution the outcome was uneventful.

PMID- 3692498
TI  - Passive smoking and lung cancer association: a result of bias?
AB  - 1 Epidemiological studies have reported that non-smokers married to smokers have
      a lung cancer risk 20-50% higher than that of non-smokers married to non-smokers.
      2 In contrast, extrapolation based on relative smoke exposure of passive and
      active smokers would predict a much smaller effect. 3 This paper examines the
      possibility that bias due to misclassification of smoking habits, coupled with
      between spouse smoking habit concordance, could account for this discrepancy. 4
      One thousand seven hundred and seventy-five subjects were asked about their
      smoking habits and use of other nicotine products in a non-health context likely
      to minimize underreporting of smoking. One thousand five hundred and thirty-seven
      provided saliva for cotinine analysis. Of 808 who claimed not to be users of such
      products, 2.5% had cotinine values above 30 ng/ml, suggesting their self reports
      were false. In another study 540 subjects were interviewed in 1980 and in 1985.
      Ten per cent claiming on one occasion never to have smoked, made inconsistent
      statements on the other occasion. A third study showed a strong tendency for
      smokers to marry smokers. 5 Estimates of bias based on these data indicate that
      misclassification can explain the unexpectedly high lung cancer risk associated
      with spouse smoking in epidemiological studies of self-reported never smokers.

PMID- 3692500
TI  - Contac 400: a possible cause of aspiration under anaesthesia.
AB  - Patients often take proprietary medicines which they do not report to their
      anaesthetist. One such case is reported in which a self administered high dosage
      of such a medication can be linked with a potentially life threatening
      anaesthetic complication. Pre-anaesthetic assessment should include specific
      questioning on over-the-counter medication.

PMID- 3692501
TI  - Investigation of possible genetoxic effects of feverfew in migraine patients.

PMID- 3692502
TI  - Fourier imaging of electrical currents in the human brain from their magnetic
      fields.

PMID- 3692503
TI  - Comparing reconstruction algorithms for electrical impedance tomography.

PMID- 3692504
TI  - A study of prosthetic heart valve sounds.

PMID- 3692505
TI  - A speech processor with lateral inhibition for an eight channel cochlear implant
      and its evaluation.

PMID- 3692506
TI  - Current distributions produced inside and outside the cochlea from a scala
      tympani electrode array.

PMID- 3692507
TI  - Reduction of electrical interaction in auditory prostheses.

PMID- 3692508
TI  - An improved perturbation technique for electrical impedance imaging with some
      criticisms.

PMID- 3692509
TI  - A method to estimate local skull resistance in living subjects.

PMID- 3692510
TI  - Phase shifter for a 915 MHz phased array hyperthermia system.

PMID- 3692511
TI  - Comments on "Roundoff errors in signal averaging systems".

PMID- 3692512
TI  - The EEG and MEG, using a model of eccentric spheres to describe the head.

PMID- 3692513
TI  - HIDRA: a hierarchical instrument for distributed real-time analysis of biological
      signals.

PMID- 3692514
TI  - Information modeling and analysis of event related potentials.

PMID- 3692515
TI  - PUPA: a pulse programming assistant for NMR imaging.

PMID- 3692516
TI  - RF energy deposition in a heterogeneous model of man: near-field exposures.

PMID- 3692517
TI  - RF energy deposition in a heterogeneous model of man: far-field exposures.

PMID- 3692518
TI  - A simulation study of intracranial pressure increment using an electrical circuit
      model of cerebral circulation.

PMID- 3692519
TI  - Comments on "Digital filters for real-time ECG signal processing using
      microprocessors".

PMID- 3692520
TI  - HIV infection in intravenous drug abusers.

PMID- 3692521
TI  - Knowledge deficit: not a nursing diagnosis.

PMID- 3692522
TI  - Self-care and job stress.

PMID- 3692523
TI  - The nursing struggle in Australia.

PMID- 3692524
TI  - The confidence of community health nurses in caring for ethnically diverse
      populations.

PMID- 3692525
TI  - Nurses' note. Six ways to write right.

PMID- 3692526
TI  - Taxonomy I.

PMID- 3692527
TI  - The research process in baccalaureate nursing education: a ten-year review.

PMID- 3692528
TI  - How to be a knowledgeable consumer of State Board Review Classes.

PMID- 3692529
TI  - Selecting a nursing review textbook.

PMID- 3692530
TI  - Your financial plan: the basics.

PMID- 3692531
TI  - Career trends in nursing.

PMID- 3692532
TI  - Demystifying the job interview process.

PMID- 3692533
TI  - Mixed angioma of parotid gland simulating malignancy.

PMID- 3692534
TI  - Perforation in adenocarcinoma of the jejunum--a rare presentation.

PMID- 3692535
TI  - Differences in susceptibility to NK cell killing of two cloned sublines derived
      from a single clone.
AB  - The ability of natural killer (NK) cells to discriminate between virus infected
      or tumor cells and their normal counterparts indicates a highly selective
      recognition, but the exact target structure remains unknown. We have examined two
      clones of measles virus persistently infected HeLa cells derived from the same
      parental clone, one of which, HeLa-mss, is highly susceptible to NK killing, (35%
      specific lysis at 80:1 lymphocyte to target ratio), whilst the other, HeLa-msr,
      is totally resistant (0.4-2.4% specific lysis). The HeLa-msr cells also failed to
      inhibit lysis of the HeLa-mss target cells, indicating that HeLa-msr cells did
      not share the receptor of HeLa-mss for NK cells. The expression of the two
      measles virus-encoded surface antigens, the hemagglutinin (HA) and fusion (F)
      proteins on the plasma membrane was examined by immunofluorescent staining and
      FACS analysis using monoclonal antibodies to the respective proteins.
      Approximately equivalent amounts of HA and F antigens were found on the cells of
      the HeLa-msr and HeLa-mss clones. Immunoprecipitation and PAGE analysis also
      failed to reveal any qualitative differences in the migration patterns or
      relative proportion of the measles virus proteins between these cell lines.
      Nevertheless, the in vitro differences in susceptibility of the two cell lines to
      NK lysis were found to be important in vivo, since HeLa-mss cells failed to grow
      as tumors in nude mice while HeLa-msr were highly tumorigenic. Thus, NK cells may
      either recognize very subtle differences in viral encoded polypeptides, possibly
      point mutations, or alternatively, they may recognize changes in the host cell
      membrane induced by insertion of certain viral encoded polypeptides.

PMID- 3692536
TI  - Cyclosporin A inhibits autoimmune experimental tubulointerstitial nephritis.
AB  - Tubulointerstitial nephritis, regularly induced in Brown Norway rats by
      autosensitization with tubular basement membranes, appeared acutely at about 10
      days and was completely inhibited by Cyclosporin A (CyA) when this was given
      before and at the time of onset of the disease. It did not recur after the end of
      therapy. In spite of this disease inhibition, autoantibodies against tubular
      basement membranes persisted in the circulation and in the kidney. It is
      therefore suggested that it is not so much the antibodies that are the decisive
      factors in the pathogenesis of this and other autoimmune diseases but, rather
      cellular factors that are directly influenced by CyA. Although in this model CyA
      application was a preventive measure, the experiments provide a cogent reason for
      the application of CyA as early as possible in acute and seriously damaging
      diseases.

PMID- 3692537
TI  - Production and characterization of heat-aggregated IgG complexes with pre
      determined molecular masses: light-scattering study.
AB  - A method for the preparation of model immune complexes of heat-aggregated human
      IgG with predetermined molecular masses is described. IgG complexes with
      different molecular masses were produced by incubation of human IgG for 20 min at
      63 degrees C, the protein concentration varying from 0.5 to 5 mg/ml before heat
      treatment. To determine the bulk of IgG molecules included in the aggregates, the
      IgG complexes obtained were precipitated by 7% polyethylene glycol. The relative
      molecular masses of the heat-aggregated IgG preparations were calculated using
      light-scattering measurements, being expressed as the number of IgG molecules per
      aggregate (MIC/MIgG). The dependence of the MIC/MIgG value upon IgG concentration
      in aggregation was plotted. This dependence makes it possible to produce IgG
      model immune complexes with pre-determined molecular masses.

PMID- 3692538
TI  - Tumor growth promoting activity of an immunosuppressive substance and its
      modulation by protein-bound polysaccharide PSK.
AB  - The role of an immunosuppressive substance (IS), which is increased in the serum
      of tumor-bearing animals, was examined in rats. IS isolated from cancerous
      ascites fluid of rats was administered to Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats to
      examine changes in the serum level of IS, tumor growth and survival rate. PSK, an
      immunomodulator, was also administered. Serum IS increased with tumor growth. The
      administration of IS to tumor-transplanted rats caused the tumor to grow and
      shortened the animals' survival time. The administration of PSK, however,
      inhibited the increase in serum level of IS, resulting in the suppression of
      tumor growth and a prolongation of survival time. The findings suggested that IS
      is a useful parameter for predicting not only tumor growth but also the
      therapeutic effect of immunomodulators such as PSK.

PMID- 3692539
TI  - Trichoepithelioma.

PMID- 3692540
TI  - Clinical and mycological study of pityriasis versicolor.

PMID- 3692541
TI  - Pseudopyogenic granuloma--a case report.

PMID- 3692542
TI  - The subject of dermatology.

PMID- 3692543
TI  - Relative efficacy of commonly used clinical and laboratory methods for the
      diagnosis of leprosy.

PMID- 3692544
TI  - Multiple primary malignant neoplasms--a case report and review of the literature.

PMID- 3692545
TI  - A case of iatrogenic pulmonary suppuration.

PMID- 3692546
TI  - Rupture of left bronchus--an unusual presentation.

PMID- 3692547
TI  - Right ventricular tumor diagnosed on 'M' mode echocardiography.

PMID- 3692548
TI  - Foreign bodies in airways in children--five years experience.

PMID- 3692549
TI  - Foreign bodies in the oesophagus--experience of 120 cases.

PMID- 3692551
TI  - Circulating immune complexes in cancer patients.
AB  - Circulating Immune Complexes (CIC) have been described in malignant diseases. To
      elucidate their potential clinical significance, CIC of seventy-eight patients
      with cancer and of seventy-one normal individuals were studied. Total protein and
      immunoglobulin composition of CIC were quantitatively measured. Patients sera had
      consistently higher titers of CIC than normal individuals. Sodium Dodecyl
      Sulfate/Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS/PAGE) showed subtle differences
      in the CIC protein composition between patients and normal individuals.

PMID- 3692550
TI  - A case of agenesis of right lung with other rare congenital anomalies.

PMID- 3692552
TI  - The nature of tumor presentation in the animal changes the effects of levamisole
      treatment on metastasis.
AB  - We have investigated the ability of levamisole (LMS) to modulate growth and
      metastasis of a rat hepatocarcinoma. LMS treatment decreased spontaneous
      metastasis to the lungs and lymph nodes, while it increased tumor lung
      colonization following intravenous tumor cell inoculation. Both serum
      immunoglobulin (Ig) and circulating immune complex (CIC) levels were higher than
      normal in tumor-bearing rats. LMS treatment did not alter these parameters in the
      lung colony assay, while a small decrease of serum IgG was noted for LMS treated
      animals in the spontaneous metastasis assay. We found no convincing evidence for
      CIC levels, immunoglobulin isotype shifts or induced changes in natural killer
      (NK) cell reactivity being involved in the observed LMS modulation of tumor
      metastasis. The nature of the presentation of the tumor in the animal, however,
      appeared to be critical in determining the metastatic response to LMS therapy.

PMID- 3692553
TI  - Optimising the value of C-14 breath test.

PMID- 3692554
TI  - Physical properties including pH & specific electrical conductivity of urine in
      idiopathic kidney stone formers.

PMID- 3692555
TI  - Infection pattern of leishmaniasis in hamsters produced by recent isolates from
      kala-azar patients in India.

PMID- 3692556
TI  - Effect of temperature on Leishmania mexicana amazonensis induced lesions in
      hamsters.

PMID- 3692557
TI  - Evaluation of malathion space-spray as a supplementary control measure against
      Anopheles culicifacies Giles.

PMID- 3692558
TI  - Lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase activity in pregnancy & toxaemia of
      pregnancy.

PMID- 3692559
TI  - Correlation of transcutaneous bilirubinometry with serum bilirubin in south
      Indian neonates.

PMID- 3692560
TI  - Incidence & significance of IgM mesangial deposits in relapsing idiopathic
      nephrotic syndrome of childhood.

PMID- 3692561
TI  - Preparation & in vitro characterization of crystalline stroma free haemoglobin
      solution.

PMID- 3692562
TI  - Circulating immune complex in myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3692563
TI  - Platelet monoamine oxidase activity in chronic schizophrenia.

PMID- 3692564
TI  - Histopathological study of experimental cholelithiasis in albino mice.

PMID- 3692565
TI  - Yersinia enterocolitica diarrhoea in north India.

PMID- 3692566
TI  - In vitro effects of oxazepam, lorazepam & chlordiazepoxide on the cholinesterase
      activity of human foetal & adult brain.

PMID- 3692567
TI  - In vitro interaction between aspirin & propranolol at the plasma protein binding
      sites.

PMID- 3692568
TI  - Is there a black hypertension?

PMID- 3692569
TI  - Effects of race and marginally elevated blood pressure on responses to stress.
AB  - A total of 228 men, aged 18 to 22 years (109 black and 119 white), underwent
      monitoring of heart rate (HR) and systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure
      (DBP) responses during several stressor conditions and a 30-minute posttask rest
      period. Stressors included the cold pressor test and three reaction-time tasks:
      noncompetitive, competitive, and competitive plus money incentive. Substantial
      within-subject variations in blood pressure and heart rate were induced, varying
      from 119/70 to 148/94 mm Hg and from 63 to 91 beats/min on the average. Men (25
      black and 39 white) with marginal SBP elevations during initial casual
      determinations had higher SBP under all conditions compared with men whose casual
      SBP levels were normal, and they also showed greater elevations over baseline
      levels in heart rate, SBP, and DBP during the stressors and the initial casual
      determination. Black and white subjects did not differ in their blood pressures
      at baseline or during the initial casual determinations, although blacks had
      slightly lower heart rates. Blacks did show greater SBP elevations over baseline
      levels than whites during the stressors, primarily because the blacks with
      marginally elevated SBP showed substantially greater stress-induced increases
      than whites with marginally elevated SBP. This enhanced pressor response to
      stress in blacks with marginal blood pressure elevations may be due to higher
      vascular resistance during enhanced sympathetic activity and could contribute to
      the higher incidence of hypertension among blacks.

PMID- 3692570
TI  - Age, race, diagnosis, and sodium effects on the pressor response to infused
      norepinephrine.
AB  - We studied the blood pressure responses to infused norepinephrine in 34
      normotensive and 21 unmedicated subjects with essential hypertension. The two
      groups were similar in age, relative body weight, and urinary electrolyte
      excretion. Patients were studied on two extremes of dietary salt (200 mEq Na and
      10 mEq Na per day). The dose-response curves were highly linear (p less than
      0.00001) for both systolic and diastolic blood pressures. There was no evidence
      for an increased sensitivity to infused norepinephrine among the hypertensive
      subjects. On the other hand, older subjects had steeper slopes (p less than
      0.005). Subjects on a high salt diet had steeper slopes than those on low salt
      diets (p less than 0.0025); this trend was especially apparent among blacks (p
      less than 0.005). Black and white hypertensive subjects responded to the high
      salt diet in opposite fashion: The blacks showed an increased pressor sensitivity
      (p less than 0.05), whereas the whites demonstrated a nonsignificant decreased
      pressor sensitivity. These results indicate that age, race, and salt effects must
      be meticulously controlled in studies of sympathetic nervous system physiology.

PMID- 3692571
TI  - Increased rigidity of red blood cell membrane in young spontaneously hypertensive
      rats.
AB  - The micropipette test was used to study the effects of age on the elasticity of
      red blood cell (RBC) membrane in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and age
      matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY), ranging from 3 to 23 weeks of age.
      The development of hypertension in the SHR started at 3 weeks and was fully
      established at 7 to 8 weeks. In the developmental phase of hypertension (3-5
      weeks), the SHR showed a significant increase in RBC membrane elastic modulus
      (i.e., a decrease in RBC membrane deformability) when compared with the age
      matched normotensive control rats (WKY). After the establishment of hypertension
      (7-8 weeks), however, the deformability of the RBC membrane of SHR improved and
      became comparable to that of the WKY. These results indicate that abnormal
      erythrocyte membrane elasticity is an early event in SHR and that adaptive
      recovery occurs when hypertension is fully developed.

PMID- 3692572
TI  - Glucocorticoids modulate vascular reactivity in the rat.
AB  - To clarify the role of endogenous glucocorticoids in the regulation of blood
      pressure, the cardiovascular effects of RU 486, a steroid derivative with
      antiglucocorticoid properties, were investigated in Wistar rats. Pressor
      responses to angiotensin II (Ang II), norepinephrine, and vasopressin were
      studied in normal conscious rats before and after administration of RU 486. At 20
      mg/kg/day, RU 486 significantly blunted pressor responses to Ang II and
      norepinephrine, whereas those to vasopressin were not greatly affected. At a
      lower dose, RU 486 did not alter pressor responses; at a higher dose, it
      augmented them, probably through its agonistic glucocorticoid effect. At 20
      mg/kg/day, RU 486 antagonized the enhancing effect of a glucocorticoid agonist on
      pressor responses to Ang II, norepinephrine, and vasopressin. Cardiac output and
      renal blood flow were measured in anesthetized rats by the microsphere method. RU
      486 at 20 mg/kg/day did not alter basal cardiac output and renal blood flow. RU
      486 pretreatment attenuated pressor responses to Ang II and norepinephrine but
      did not alter cardiac output. It significantly blunted the decrease in renal
      blood flow and the increase in renal vascular resistance induced by Ang II. In
      rats fed a low sodium diet (where the pressor systems are stimulated),
      administration of RU 486 (20 mg/kg/day for 5 days) decreased total peripheral
      vascular resistance by 29% and mean blood pressure by 20 mm Hg. This effect was
      unrelated to any antimineralocorticoid activity of the compound, as shown by
      unchanged urinary sodium excretion, sodium balance, and plasma renin
      concentration. In contrast, it was due to the antiglucocorticoid activity, as
      shown by restoration of mean blood pressure by corticosterone, the major
      glucocorticoid in rats. Renal vascular resistance decreased during RU 486
      administration in anesthetized (-25%) and unanesthetized (-19%) rats. Glomerular
      filtration rate, estimated from inulin clearance in conscious rats, did not
      change significantly. In conclusion, the present results suggest that endogenous
      glucocorticoids increase vascular reactivity and therefore contribute to blood
      pressure regulation. They also participate in the control of renal hemodynamics.
      This effect is most apparent in salt-restricted rats. The vascular action of
      glucocorticoids was unmasked by the administration of the antiglucocorticoid
      compound RU 486.

PMID- 3692573
TI  - A gamma-melanocyte stimulating hormone-like peptide causes reflex natriuresis
      after acute unilateral nephrectomy.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that acute unilateral nephrectomy stimulates sodium
      (UNaV) and potassium (UKV) excretion by the remaining kidney through reflex
      pathways requiring an intact pituitary gland, and the natriuresis is accompanied
      by an increase in the plasma concentration of a peptide or peptides derived from
      the adrenocorticotropic hormone-beta-endorphin precursor molecule pro
      opiomelanocortin. We tested the hypothesis that gamma-melanocyte stimulating
      hormone (gamma-MSH) was such a peptide involved in the postnephrectomy
      natriuresis. In six rats undergoing sham nephrectomy, no change in UNaV or UKV
      occurred and plasma immunoreactive gamma-MSH-like material was 40 +/- 18 (SD)
      fmol/ml 2 hours after the sham procedure. In 10 rats undergoing acute unilateral
      nephrectomy, UNaV and UKV from the remaining kidney increased significantly, and
      immunoreactive gamma-MSH was 81 +/- 36 fmol/ml (p less than 0.02). In individual
      studies, the increase in UNaV after nephrectomy correlated with the
      postnephrectomy concentration of immunoreactive gamma-MSH (r = 0.75, p less than
      0.001). In 17 rats injected with serum or globulin from control rabbits,
      unilateral nephrectomy led to the expected increases in UNaV and UKV. In 23 rats
      injected with serum or globulin from rabbits immunized against gamma-MSH, no
      postnephrectomy natriuresis occurred and the kaliuresis was blunted. In
      hydropenic, mineralocorticoid-treated rats, intravenous infusion of synthetic
      gamma-MSH led to natriuresis and kaliuresis with no change in inulin clearance;
      pretreatment with rabbit anti-gamma-MSH antiserum blocked this effect of peptide
      infusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3692574
TI  - Pressor response to small elevations of cerebroventricular pressure in conscious
      rats.
AB  - Acute relationships between cerebrospinal fluid hydrostatic pressure and arterial
      pressure were quantified in conscious rats. The rats were catheterized with a
      left femoral artery catheter, and a double set of catheters was implanted into
      the third cerebral ventricle. In three groups of rats, artificial cerebrospinal
      fluid with various sodium concentrations (142, 152, and 162 mM) was infused into
      the third ventricle for 3 hours at 1.0 microliter/min. Mean arterial pressure
      (MAP) and third ventricular pressure were monitored simultaneously, and both
      increased progressively over the 3-hour infusion period; the rate of rise was
      significantly greater with infusion of the hypertonic solution. There were no
      significant differences between the rat groups infused with low, normal, or high
      artificial cerebrospinal fluid sodium in either the slope or the intercept of the
      regression equation relating cerebrospinal fluid pressure and MAP: a 1 cm H2O
      rise of cerebrospinal fluid pressure was always associated with nearly a 1 mm Hg
      rise in MAP. In other rats, changes in both cerebrospinal fluid pressure and MAP
      were shown to be highly dependent on the rate of ventricular infusion. We
      conclude that elevations of systemic arterial pressure are associated with only
      small elevations of cerebrospinal fluid pressure and that physiological changes
      of cerebrospinal sodium (+/- 10 mM) influence arterial pressure by altering
      intravascular hydrostatic pressure rather than sodium or osmosensitive receptors
      in the cerebral ventricles.

PMID- 3692575
TI  - Modulation of phospholipase A2 activity in human synovial fluid by cations.
AB  - Cell-free, Ca2+-dependent phospholipase A2 activity (PLA2) was measured in human
      synovial fluid of patients with various kinds of arthritis using [1-14C] oleate
      labelled autoclaved Escherichia coli as substrate. PLA2 activity at pH 7.0 and
      with 5 mM added Ca2+ was stimulated and then inhibited in a dose-dependent
      fashion by NaCl; maximal stimulation of 8.8 fold was found at 150 mM Na+. Similar
      effects were obtained with K+, Li+ and Ru+. In the absence of added Na+, PLA2
      activity was maximal with 25 mM Ca2+ (145 nmols/hr/mg), but in the presence of
      150 mM Na+, activity was maximal with 4 mM Ca2+ (415 nmols/hr/mg). PLA2 activity
      was optimal between pH 6.5-8.0 in presence of 150 mM Na+1 and 4 mM Ca2+. There
      was no significant difference between PLA2 activity in synovial fluids from
      rheumatoid and other types of arthritis. Neutral active, Ca2+-dependent PLA2
      activity in acid extracts of human platelets, plasma, polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes and synovial fluid varied in response to added Na+. In presence of 150
      mM added Na+ and 5 mM Ca2+, PLA2 activity in human synovial fluid was inhibited
      by all multivalent cations tested. In the absence of Na+, Cu2+ and Mg2+
      stimulated PLA2 activity in a dose dependent fashion; whereas, Fe2+, Fe3+ and
      Al3+ were inhibitory. The extent of stimulation by Mg2+ was inversely related to
      the concentration of added Ca2+.

PMID- 3692576
TI  - Effects of storage and radiation on human neutrophil function in vitro.
AB  - To better understand the process of time-related functional deterioration which
      occurs in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), we examined the effects of
      in vitro storage on multiple functional parameters of human PMNs. Single-donor,
      phlebotomy-collected PMNs were stored at both room temperature and 37 degrees C
      for 24 and 48 h, then compared to fresh cells from the same donor. Similar
      numbers of cells were recovered from each storage condition. Cell viability
      decreased after 37 degrees C storage for 48 h. Cells stored at room temperature
      for 24 h showed significant depression of multiple functions (bactericidal
      activity, chemotaxis, aggregation, superoxide production, and oxygen consumption)
      compared to fresh cells. They contained less vitamin B12 binding protein activity
      than fresh cells, and by fluorescence-activated cell-sorter analysis, their
      forward light scatter and membrane depolarization responses were abnormal. For
      all parameters examined, cells stored at 37 degrees C were more abnormal than
      cells stored at room temperature. Stored cells from a patient with
      myeloperoxidase deficiency lost bactericidal and chemotactic activity after
      storage at 37 degrees C for 24 h, but cells from a patient with chronic
      granulomatous disease retained their original bactericidal and chemotactic
      activity after 37 degrees C storage for 24 h. Radiation, in doses used to prevent
      graft vs. host disease in leukocyte-transfusion recipients (2500-5000 rads)
      caused a significant decrease in the mean percentage of continuous flow
      centrifugation leukapheresis (CFCL) collected PMNs capable of reducing nitroblue
      tetrazolium. Human PMNs show deterioration of multiple in vitro functions when
      they are stored and are susceptible to damage by radiation when they are
      collected by CFCL.

PMID- 3692577
TI  - PHA- and Con A-induced chemiluminescence of human blood mononuclear cells and
      granulocytes in luminol or lucigenin.
AB  - Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A) can evoke a chemiluminescence
      (CL) response both in granulocytes and blood mononuclear cells. We have used two
      parallel systems to compare the quantity and quality of oxygen radicals produced
      during activation. While the luminol-enhanced CL response is linked to the
      myeloperoxidase-H2O2-chloride system, the lucigenin-dependent light production
      measures only the superoxide radical. PHA produced higher CL response in the
      presence of luminol than with lucigenin. Con A showed high CL response only in
      the lucigenin-enhanced system. The results suggest that while Con A induces
      mostly superoxide production, the membrane stimulus evoked by PHA produces light
      through the myeloperoxidase-H2O2-halide system. Granulocytes are less sensitive
      to PHA than the blood mononuclear cells. The sensitivity of the responses to
      several scavengers and enzymes support the differential production of oxygen
      radicals following activation via these two lectins.

PMID- 3692578
TI  - Stress diminishes infiltration and oxygen metabolism of phagocytic cells in
      calves.
AB  - The influences of a stress situation on the phagocytic cell function before and
      after infection with Pasteurella haemolytica were measured in calves. No
      differences in phagocytic and metabolic activity of alveolar macrophages (AMs)
      were observed in vitro between cells isolated from stressed and nonstressed
      animals. The uptake of bacteria and the migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes
      (PMNs) did not differ. However, the production of superoxide by PMNs isolated
      from stressed animals was significantly diminished as compared to control PMNs.
      The stressed and six of the nine control calves were then infected
      intrabronchially with P. haemolytica. Phagocytic cell function was again
      evaluated after three days. The lavage fluid obtained from the lungs of the
      infected animals contained about three times more PMNs and six times more AMs as
      compared to the lavage fluid of the control calves. However, the increase in
      phagocytic cell numbers was less by half in the calves infected after the stress
      period. No differences were detected in phagocytic and metabolic activity of PMNs
      and AMs among control, infected, and stressed and infected calves. However, the
      chemotactic activities of PMNs obtained from infected stressed and infected
      nonstressed animals were diminished as compared to control PMNs. In conclusion,
      the metabolic responsiveness of PMNs is diminished and the accumulation of
      phagocytic cells at a site of infection is reduced after a stress period.

PMID- 3692579
TI  - Respiratory burst activity is impaired during phagocytosis of gelatinized fixed
      erythrocytes by inflammatory macrophages.
AB  - The ability of immune and nonimmune opsonized gelatin-coated particles to
      stimulate respiratory burst activity by inflammatory macrophages was studied. The
      uptake and phagocytosis of 51Cr-labeled gelatin-coated fixed erythrocytes,
      opsonized with either specific IgG or purified plasma fibronectin, was measured
      in monolayer cultures of rat inflammatory peritoneal macrophages. Respiratory
      burst activity was evaluated in monolayers of rat inflammatory peritoneal
      macrophages by measuring: (1) luminol-dependent chemiluminescence and (2) the
      production of 14CO2 from the oxidation of [1-14C] glucose. Uptake of opsonized
      gelatin-coated, fixed erythrocytes resulted in no stimulation of
      chemiluminescence and only a limited stimulation of [1-14C] glucose oxidation.
      Respiratory burst activity produced by phorbol myristate acetate was not
      inhibited during the uptake of opsonized gelatin-coated particles. These data
      suggest that metabolic processes associated with macrophage respiratory burst
      activity may not be coupled to the ingestion of opsonized gelatin-coated fixed
      erythrocytes.

PMID- 3692581
TI  - Bronchial asthma in children: recent knowledge.

PMID- 3692580
TI  - Comparison of in vivo effects of intravenous infusion of N-formyl-methionyl
      leucyl-phenylalanine and phorbol myristate acetate in rabbits.
AB  - Comparison of the physiologic responses in rabbits to the intravenous infusion of
      two polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) activators, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl
      phenylalanine (FMLP) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), has revealed marked
      differences in kinetics for activation between these agents. FMLP infusion was
      associated with maximally increased respiratory rates (RR), a maximally decreased
      mean blood pressure (MBP), and a maximally decreased absolute granulocyte count
      (AGC), all within the first 5 min after infusion. However, there were no
      significant differences between RR, MBP, and AGC of FMLP-treated animals and
      controls, 15 min postinfusion and after. On the other hand, PMA did not cause
      significant changes in RR or MBP until 30 min and 2 h postinfusion, respectively.
      Previous work has demonstrated that both FMLP and PMA stimulate the PMN
      metabolically in vitro via the same respiratory burst enzyme, NADPH oxidase, but
      that each of these activators demonstrates kinetics which are different from the
      other. Thus, these data from an in vivo study support previous in vitro findings
      and offer further evidence that the neutropenia and cardiopulmonary alterations
      following intravenous infusion of FMLP and PMA may be caused by metabolic
      activation of the blood PMN.

PMID- 3692582
TI  - Beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol therapy in childhood asthma.

PMID- 3692583
TI  - Dynamic lung volumes in children with bronchial asthma.

PMID- 3692584
TI  - Etiology of asthma in Rajasthan.

PMID- 3692585
TI  - Antenatal diagnosis of neural tube defects--simple cytological examination.

PMID- 3692586
TI  - Anthropometric measurements and prevalence of LBW in Himachal Pradesh.

PMID- 3692587
TI  - Pulmonary hemorrhage in the newborn: a case control study.

PMID- 3692588
TI  - Inhaled foreign bodies.

PMID- 3692589
TI  - Short-rib polydactyly syndrome type 1 (Saldino-Noonan).

PMID- 3692590
TI  - MURCS Association. Primary amenorrhea.

PMID- 3692591
TI  - Arachnoidal cysts.

PMID- 3692592
TI  - Subcutaneous emphysema complicating measles.

PMID- 3692593
TI  - Maternal hyperthermia as a teratogenic agent.

PMID- 3692594
TI  - Aminophylline in neonatal diazepam intoxication.

PMID- 3692595
TI  - Congenital lobar emphysema.

PMID- 3692596
TI  - Chylothorax.

PMID- 3692597
TI  - Keratomalacia in Soyal fed infants.

PMID- 3692598
TI  - Morbid obesity I.

PMID- 3692599
TI  - Gastric restrictive procedures: gastroplasty.
AB  - Gastroplasty for the treatment of morbid obesity has developed over the last 20
      years from inconsistent suture technique operations to precisely constructed
      procedures. To date, the best results are achieved with the most recently
      developed techniques, vertical (mesh) banded gastroplasty, and silicone elastomer
      ring vertical gastroplasty. These operations produce a 33 to 37 per cent weight
      loss at 2 years with a failure rate of 6 to 8 per cent.

PMID- 3692600
TI  - Gastric bypass.
AB  - The success of gastric bypass probably depends on factors other than merely the
      restrictive size of the gastric pouch and outlet. Postoperative dumping and a
      mild degree of malabsorption derived from the redirection of intestinal contents
      contribute to long-term success. Thus, gastric bypass combines some elements of
      both malabsorptive and gastric restrictive procedures.

PMID- 3692601
TI  - Treatment of infections in patients with cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 3692602
TI  - Rickettsiosis-associated hyponatremia.
AB  - Two patients with hyponatremia (130 mEq/l and 122 mEq/l, respectively), and
      rickettsial disease are described. The causes of hyponatremia were attributed to
      rickettsial vasculitis and increased capillary permeability in the first patient
      and to the syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) secretion in the
      second patient. The differentiation between the mechanisms was established by
      measurement of urinary sodium excretion which was low in the first patient (7
      mEq/l) and high in the second patient (60 mEq/l), and levels of ADH that were
      inappropriately high in the second patient (7-9 pg/ml) in the presence of low
      plasma osmolality. The differentiation between these causes of hyponatremia has
      important therapeutic implications.

PMID- 3692603
TI  - Prevalence of legionellosis among adults: a study of community-acquired pneumonia
      in France.
AB  - Over a 24-month period, 274 patients with community-acquired pneumonia were
      hospitalized in Departments of Medicine at hospitals in Bordeaux, Lyon,
      Marseille, and Toulouse. Etiology of the pneumonia was determined either by
      organism identification or by indirect immunofluorescence in only 139 cases
      (51%). The most frequently isolated etiological agents were Streptococcus
      pneumoniae (34 cases), Legionella pneumophila (29 cases) and Mycoplasma
      pneumoniae (24 cases). The majority of patients with legionellosis were male
      (79%), middle aged (mean age: 53 years), and living in urban areas (69%). Their
      clinical features were atypical and did not differ from those of other
      pneumonias. Four patients with legionellosis (13.8%) died. L. pneumophila was
      isolated directly in only three instances. The study confirms the high prevalence
      of legionellosis (20%) among pneumonias of identified etiology. The fact that
      these cases had an atypical clinical presentation and that isolation of the
      organism was difficult reinforce the need to apply the CDC criteria for the
      interpretation of positive serological titers.

PMID- 3692605
TI  - Hemostasis in patients with normal and impaired renal function under treatment
      with cefodizime.
AB  - Ten patients (two with normal, eight with impaired renal function) on their usual
      diet were treated with cefodizime (HR 221) for seven days. The dosage was 4
      g/day, adapted to renal function as appropriate. Platelet function, plasma
      coagulation and vitamin K metabolism were investigated before and on day 7 of
      therapy. Platelet function and plasma coagulation remained unchanged, regardless
      of the size of the serum antibiotic trough levels, in both normal and impaired
      renal function. Vitamin K1 metabolism remained unaffected, since no increase in
      vitamin K1 2,3 epoxide in the circulation was observed during the therapy.
      Cefodizime (HR 221), a parenteral aminothiazole cephalosporin, does not affect
      hemostasis.

PMID- 3692604
TI  - Development of the faecal anaerobic microflora after caesarean section and
      treatment with antibiotics in newborn infants.
AB  - Qualitative and quantitative anaerobic cultures were performed on faecal samples
      from 27 normal full-term newborn infants; from 32 preterm infants during
      intensive or intermediate care, not treated with antibiotics; and from 106 mostly
      preterm newborns, treated with antibiotics for various reasons. There were no
      major differences between the children in the first two groups. In these,
      Caesarean section led to a lower isolation rate of bifidobacteria and a much
      lower incidence of Bacteroides spp. During antibiotic treatment anaerobic
      bacteria were isolated from only 10% of the infants. After treatment, there was a
      slow regrowth of bifidobacteria, but Bacteroides spp. were not usually re
      established. There was a colonisation of infants delivered by Caesarean section
      with new Lactobacillus spp. after treatment. In particular Bacteroides
      colonisation may be facilitated and more stable if it occurs during passage
      through the birth canal.

PMID- 3692606
TI  - Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1): influence of its production by
      subinhibitory antibiotic concentrations.
AB  - Using seven different toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) producing
      Staphylococcus aureus strains, we examined the influence on growth and toxin
      production of subinhibitory concentrations of clindamycin, erythromycin,
      lincomycin, kanamycin, tetracycline and tunicamycin. The behaviour of six S.
      aureus (= W/MT-strains) was identical, the one of S. aureus MN8 was different in
      part. Using the different subinhibitory antibiotic concentrations, bacterial
      growth was inhibited by tunicamycin only. Toxin production was influenced by
      clindamycin, erythromycin, lincomycin, kanamycin and tetracycline without
      simultaneous changes in the number of cells; MN8 was more sensitive to
      clindamycin and lincomycin than W/MT strains. Very small differences or no
      differences at all were found between the two bacterial groups in experiments
      using erythromycin, kanamycin and tetracycline. Tunicamycin caused elevated TSST
      1 concentrations of 100% (MN8) or 65% (W/MT) above the control level if used at
      concentrations of 4 mg/l or 16 mg/l respectively; this result is interpreted as a
      higher output of TSST-1 caused by the damage to the bacterial cell wall. From
      these results it is not possible to conclude that different mechanisms of
      regulation of TSST-1 expression exist between S. aureus MN8 and the other TSST-1
      positive S. aureus strains.

PMID- 3692607
TI  - An outbreak of diphtheria among Swedish alcoholics.
AB  - After 25 years without any indigenous cases of diphtheria in Sweden, an outbreak
      occurred in the city of Goteborg, during 1984 to 1986. A group of alcoholics
      constituted the reservoir of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. The outbreak included
      13 clinical cases and 65 carriers. The death-to-case ratio and the complication
      rate among the clinical cases was high, with three fatal cases and six patients
      developing reversible paralyses. The fatal cases had no history of previous
      immunization. The outbreak demonstrates the necessity of a good vaccination
      status to diphtheria, also in countries where the disease was thought to have
      been eradicated.

PMID- 3692608
TI  - Presence of endotoxemia and its relationship to liver dysfunction in patients
      with typhoid fever.
AB  - Twenty-one patients with typhoid fever were studied to evaluate the presence of
      endotoxin in peripheral blood and its relationship to the incidence and features
      of hepatic dysfunction which may occur during this disease. The limulus test for
      endotoxin was positive in the plasma samples of all patients prior to treatment.
      Liver dysfunction, as assessed by fasting and postprandial serum bile acid levels
      and by standard biochemical tests, occurred in 90% of patients. In seven, the
      injury was purely cholestatic (elevation of postprandial serum bile acid levels,
      alone); in 12, it was of mixed cholestatic-hepatocellular type (elevation of both
      serum bile acids and aminotransferase levels). After recovering, the limulus test
      was negative and liver function tests returned to normal values in all patients.
      The results demonstrate that endotoxemia is present in patients with typhoid
      fever. In addition, since endotoxin can impair bile secretion, our results
      suggest that endotoxin may have a pathogenetic role in the development of liver
      injury during typhoid fever.

PMID- 3692609
TI  - Human immunodeficiency virus infection is prevalent in Malawi.

PMID- 3692610
TI  - Rapid improvement of hepatic encephalopathy associated with oral ciprofloxacin
      treatment.

PMID- 3692611
TI  - In vitro activity of ampicillin plus sulbactam against anaerobes compared to
      ampicillin and cefoxitin.
AB  - The antimicrobial susceptibility of 195 recent clinical isolates of anaerobic
      bacteria was studied to ampicillin alone, ampicillin + 1 mg/l sulbactam,
      ampicillin + 5 mg/l sulbactam, and cefoxitin by means of agar dilution tests. The
      ampicillin-sulbactam combinations were the most effective drugs against species
      of the Bacteroides fragilis group, the MIC90 of ampicillin + 5 mg/l sulbactam for
      B. fragilis being less than 1 mg/l, compared to 256 mg/l of ampicillin, 4 mg/l of
      ampicillin + 1 mg/l sulbactam, and 8 mg/l of cefoxitin. No significant difference
      between ampicillin alone and in combination with sulbactam was observed against
      gram-positive anaerobic rods, Peptococcus spp. and Peptostreptococcus spp. with
      MIC's less than 2 mg/l.

PMID- 3692612
TI  - Cystic fibrosis. Part II.

PMID- 3692613
TI  - Clinical course of an exacerbated pulmonary infection in a girl with cystic
      fibrosis (CF).
AB  - The treatment of severe pulmonary infection in young CF-adults depends on age,
      clinical course, bacterial colonization of the lung, susceptibility pattern and
      state of nutrition. Besides specific antibiotic therapy, enzyme replacement and
      physiotherapy, high caloric nutrition, continuous oxygen insufflation and early
      mobilisation are the main tools in the treatment of an exacerbated pulmonary
      infection with respiratory insufficiency.

PMID- 3692614
TI  - Antimicrobial chemotherapy in patients with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - The treatment of exacerbations of pulmonary infections due to Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa in patients with cystic fibrosis is unsatisfactory. Serum
      concentrations and urinary excretion of cephalexin, epicillin, azlocillin,
      ticarcillin, trimethoprim-sulfa and gentamicin useful in the treatment of these
      infections were investigated in cystic fibrosis patients suffering from pulmonary
      infections. The data were compared to those found in non-cystic fibrosis children
      treated with antibiotics for other reasons. Cephalexin and trimethoprim are
      absorbed at a slower rate; epicillin, azlocillin, ticarcillin sulfonamides were
      eliminated at a faster rate by the kidneys which was unique to patients with
      cystic fibrosis. Gentamicin is also eliminated faster. Further investigations
      disclosed that a considerable amount of drug is eliminated by tubular secretion
      in addition to the regular glomerular filtration in patients with cystic
      fibrosis. Creatinine clearance values were determined in these patients and found
      to be normal. By doubling the dose of gentamicin and administration as infusion
      over 90 min, higher serum and tissue concentrations were achieved without being
      in the toxic range. The clinical relevance of these investigations was determined
      in 36 patients and 48 episodes of infection with P. aeruginosa. Patients received
      gentamicin 4 mg/kg BW as i.v. infusion over 90 min q. 8 h and azlocillin or
      ticarcillin 120-160 mg/kg BW q. 8 h, applied 4 h later. In 14 patients
      respectively 27 episodes, pseudomonas was eradicated from the sputum for a
      minimum of three weeks, and in most of them for 12-24 weeks. No side effects were
      observed from the higher doses of aminoglycosides.

PMID- 3692615
TI  - Reassessment of the accuracy of traditional sperm characteristics and adenosine
      triphosphate (ATP) in estimating the fertilizing potential of human semen in
      vivo.
AB  - Receiver operating characteristic curves and accuracy parameters were computed
      for traditional sperm characteristics (concentration, motility, morphology) and
      the number of peroxidase negative cells, and the concentration of adenosine
      triphosphate (ATP) in semen from populations of fertile and infertile men, and
      men who achieved a pregnancy after varicocele treatment. The percentage and
      concentration per millilitre of spermatozoa with rapid linear progressive
      motility, and the ATP concentration, provided the best discrimination between
      fertile and treated fertile from infertile men. The misclassification rate was
      higher for sperm morphology, total progressive motility and viability, whereas
      sperm concentration and the total sperm count per ejaculate had the worst
      discriminating power. The number of peroxidase negative cells per 100 spermatozoa
      was highly specific in identifying men who achieved pregnancy after varicocele
      treatment. The lower limit of normality of sperm characteristics was remarkably
      different between fertile men and men achieving pregnancy after treatment or
      during infertility work-up.

PMID- 3692616
TI  - Simple model and empirical method for the estimation of spontaneous pregnancies
      in couples consulting for infertility.
AB  - Based on simple theoretical models and on the analysis of data of over 12,000
      couples, a simple formula is proposed to predict the probability of spontaneous
      (treatment-independent) pregnancies in couples consulting for infertility after
      at least 12 months of unprotected intercourse. For a duration of infertility of
      between 12 months and 48 months the probability of conception per cycle of
      exposure is 4 X 0.97n X (a) X (bm) X (bf), where n is the number of months of
      unsuccessful trial to conceive, a refers to the type of infertility (primary vs
      secondary), bm depends on the severity of impairment of semen parameters, and bf
      relates to the age and pathology of the female partner. Some tentative values for
      these factors are calculated.

PMID- 3692617
TI  - Incidence of aetiological factors in testicular obstructive azoospermia.
AB  - Testicular exploration was performed in 225 azoospermic men with normal sized
      testes and normal serum levels of FSH. Thirty-one men had impaired
      spermatogenesis and the cause of obstruction was found in 46% of the subjects.
      Thirty-two men had a history of genital tract infection while 18 had a history of
      genital or inguinal surgery. A history of chest disease was noted in 25 men with
      obstructive azoospermia. Aplasia of the vasa was present in 9.3% of the group.
      The epididymis was the site of obstruction in 63% of patients but the cause of
      epididymal obstruction was unknown in 81 of the 141 men.

PMID- 3692618
TI  - Evidence suggesting that germ cells influence the bidirectional secretion of
      androgen binding protein by the seminiferous epithelium demonstrated by selective
      impairment of spermatogenesis with busulphan.
AB  - Androgen binding protein (ABP) was measured in the serum, testes and epididymides
      of adult rats up to 105 days after the induction of reversible impairment of
      spermatogenesis by a single injection of busulphan. This treatment decreased
      testicular and epididymal weights within 7-21 days after treatment, reaching a
      minimum at 63 days with partial recovery by 105 days. The testicular and
      epididymal content of sperm was unchanged up to 42 days after busulphan
      administration, was reduced considerably at 63 days and thereafter increased
      towards control values. The serum and testicular concentrations of testosterone
      were normal at all times after treatment, even though serum LH levels were
      increased at 42 and 63 days. Serum levels of FSH were also increased at 43 and 63
      days after treatment. A biphasic pattern in the serum levels of ABP was observed.
      Concentrations were low up to 43 days post treatment when only the early germ
      cell types were depleted from the seminiferous epithelium and when the testicular
      and epididymal contents of ABP were normal. Serum levels of ABP increased as the
      more mature germ cells were depleted in numbers and the testicular and epididymal
      contents of ABP declined. It is concluded that bidirectional secretion of ABP
      into the interstitium (serum) and into the seminiferous tubular lumen by Sertoli
      cells is influenced considerably by the population of germ cells that are present
      in the seminiferous epithelium.

PMID- 3692619
TI  - Ontogeny and cellular origin of a rat seminiferous tubule factor(s) that inhibits
      LH-dependent testosterone production by interstitial cells in vitro.
AB  - Previous studies have shown the presence of a peptide in spent media from
      incubated seminiferous tubules (SMST), which inhibits LH stimulation of
      testosterone production by rat Leydig cells in vitro. The present study has
      investigated whether the secretion of this inhibitor changes during development
      in the rat. Seminiferous tubules obtained from rats aged 10, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40,
      42, 50 or 60 days were incubated at 32 degrees C for 24 h. Spent media from these
      incubations were then added to interstitial cells isolated from the testes of
      rats aged 60 days. Spent media from rats aged 10-30 days had no effect on basal
      or oLH-stimulated testosterone production by interstitial cells during 3-h
      incubation. Significant inhibition of LH-stimulated testosterone production was,
      however, observed with SMST from rats aged 35-60 days. Spent media prepared using
      tubules from normal, prenatally irradiated (Sertoli cell-enriched) or
      seminiferous tubules, depleted of peritubular cells, had no effect on basal, but
      inhibited LH-stimulated, testosterone production. Spent media from peritubular
      cell cultures had no effect on basal or LH-stimulated testosterone production by
      interstitial cells. The inhibitory effect of SMST was also dependent on the age
      of the rats providing the target cells. Interstitial cells from rats aged 10, 20,
      50 or 60 days were responsive to the inhibitor while cells from rats aged 30 and
      40 days were not. The results of the present study demonstrate that the
      seminiferous tubule factor(s), which inhibits LH action on interstitial cells, is
      first secreted at 35 days, a time when the most mature germ cells present are in
      the early maturation phase. Moreover, interstitial cells are responsive to this
      factor in both immature (10-20 day-old) and mature (50-60 day-old) rats, but not
      at ages in between these times. It is suggested that the adult Sertoli cell is
      the major source of the interstitial cell inhibitor.

PMID- 3692620
TI  - Urine estrogens and breast cancer risk factors among post-menopausal women.
AB  - Creatinine-adjusted levels of estrone, estradiol and estriol were determined in
      overnight urine specimens from 220 post-menopausal women, aged 54 to 66 years,
      from Boston (121 women) and Athens (99 women). The associations of individual and
      total estrogens with various characteristics of the women (age at menopause,
      years since menopause, parity, age at menarche, schooling, height, weight,
      tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking) were studied by multiple regression
      procedures, to explore possible relationships and evaluate their compatibility
      with the descriptive epidemiology of female breast cancer. Weight was
      consistently and significantly related to higher levels of total estrogens and of
      each individually; the pattern of these associations was similar in American and
      Greek women, suggesting that the known qualitative differences in nutrition
      between the two groups of women are not important modifiers of the associations
      between weight and estrogens. Estrogen levels in these post-menopausal women were
      about 40% of the corresponding follicular levels among teen-age women. They did
      not decrease with age. There were suggestive but non-significant negative
      associations between estrogen levels on the one hand, and parity and age at
      menarche on the other. There was no consistent association of estrogen levels
      with alcohol consumption. The data provide only modest support for the hypothesis
      that estrogens are important in breast cancer etiology.

PMID- 3692621
TI  - Tobacco smoking, occupational exposure and bladder cancer in Argentina.
AB  - The highest rate for bladder cancer in Latin America has been reported from La
      Plata, Argentina. A case-control study was carried out to investigate the reasons
      for this high rate. A total of 117 cases, 117 hospital controls and 117
      neighbourhood sex- and age-matched controls were interviewed regarding their
      smoking and drinking habits and occupational exposures. Cigarette smoking and
      coffee drinking were identified as the major risk factors, and a significant
      association was also found for truck and railway drivers and for oil refinery
      workers. The relative risks for male smokers who ever smoked cigarettes vs. non
      smokers was 4.3 (95% Cl: 1.9-10.3). The risk associated with black tobacco
      cigarettes was 2-3 times higher than that of blond cigarettes. For male ex
      smokers the risk after 5 years of no smoking is less than one third of that of
      current smokers. The RR for drinking coffee was 2.4 (95% Cl: 1.4-4.4) after
      adjusting for the effects of tobacco smoking, and the risk increased with the
      number of cups per day. No association was found with the use of saccharin.

PMID- 3692622
TI  - Reproductive history and breast cancer in a population of high fertility, Costa
      Rica, 1984-85.
AB  - The relationship between breast cancer and women's reproductive history in Costa
      Rica was analyzed using logistic regression methods on data from 171 breast
      cancer cases and 826 population-based controls aged 25-58 years. The risk of
      breast cancer in nulliparous women under age 45 was 3 times that for parous women
      in the same age group. Women over 44 years of age with a parity greater than 4
      had a risk of breast cancer of 0.3 compared to women of the same age but with a
      parity of 1-4. Neither breast-feeding nor birth interval showed an overall
      association with breast cancer independent of parity. Women with early age at
      first birth had a lower relative risk of breast cancer than women aged 20-24 at
      first birth, but only in two subgroups--women aged 45 and over and women with
      parity 1-4. Women without a completed pregnancy in the last 20 years had an
      elevated relative risk. However, results are not conclusive because some
      information is probably distorted by recall errors. Declines in fertility rates
      in the 1960s and 1970s may result in an increase of 30% in breast cancer
      incidence in Costa Rica between 1980 and the year 2000, according to the relative
      risks found in this study. In contrast, the effect of childlessness will probably
      not produce significant changes in national breast cancer trends.

PMID- 3692623
TI  - Plasminogen activator production by human tumor cells: effect on tumor cell
      extracellular matrix interactions.
AB  - Cell lines derived from 3 different types of human tumor (e.g., squamous
      carcinomas, melanomas and gliomas) were examined for production of plasminogen
      activator activity and for attachment and spreading on various extracellular
      matrix components in the presence or absence of plasminogen. All of the squamous
      carcinoma and melanoma lines produced high levels of plasminogen activator
      activity. In contrast, 4 of 6 glioma lines had undetectable activity. Cells from
      all 3 tumor types attached and spread on fibrinogen-coated or fibrin-coated
      plastic dishes in the absence of plasminogen. In the presence of exogenous
      plasminogen, the attachment and spreading of the cells which produced high levels
      of plasminogen activator activity was inhibited. The plasminogen activator
      deficient cells were much less sensitive to exogenous plasminogen. In the
      presence of plasminogen, attachment and spreading on fibronectin-coated dishes
      was also partially inhibited. In contrast, plasminogen had no effect on the
      attachment and spreading of the cells on type-I or -IV collagen, laminin or
      thrombospondin. Previous studies have shown that tumor-cell adhesion to the
      extracellular matrix depends on the synthesis of receptors for extracellular
      matrix components or on the synthesis of extracellular matrix components
      themselves. The present study shows that, in addition, the production of enzymes
      which are capable of degrading these components also influences tumor-cell
      adhesion to extracellular matrix moieties.

PMID- 3692624
TI  - Carcinogenicity of diethylnitrosamine in vitamin-A-deficient mice.
AB  - The effect of suboptimal levels of dietary vitamin A on diethylnitrosamine (DEN)
      carcinogenesis was studied in BALB/c and Swiss mice. Two different dietary
      regimens were employed to induce vitamin A deficiency and DEN was administered by
      gavage at 2 dose levels: 0.6 mg/kg as a single dose and 200 mg/kg in 4 divided
      doses. Shark liver oil (SLO) which was the main source of vitamin A in the
      standard diet, was deleted in one regimen and reduced to 25% in the other. The
      mice maintained on the former diet were given a high dose of DEN and those on the
      latter diet received a low dose. In both strains the deficient mice had a greater
      tumour incidence than those on standard diet with a marginal reduction in the
      latent period. At the low level of DEN there was shift in organotrophy, i.e. from
      liver in controls to lung in the vitamin-A-deficient mice of BALB/c strain. With
      the higher dose, lung adenomas predominated in deficient as well as control
      groups in both the strains. Forestomach carcinomas appeared in deficient mice and
      not in the controls.

PMID- 3692625
TI  - Inhibition of homotypic aggregation of a human Burkitt-lymphoma cell line.
AB  - The molecules involved in homotypic aggregation of the human Burkitt-lymphoma
      cell line Raji were investigated by inhibition of reaggregation with
      carbohydrates and glycoconjugates, by inhibition of glycosylation, and enzyme
      treatment of the cell surface. Complete inhibition of reaggregation was achieved
      with bovine submaxillary mucin. Asialomucin, on the other hand, was not effective
      in this assay. Another potent inhibitor of reaggregation was the ganglioside GMI.
      The common carbohydrate structure of these molecules is NeuNAc-(gal)-galNAc.
      Lactosamine, fucosyllactosamine, sialyllactosamine, complex mannose type, or
      Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen sequences are not involved in aggregation.
      Neuraminidase and chloroquine also abolished agglutination of cells. The finding
      that mucin, but not asialomucin, inhibits the reaction, demonstrates the
      importance of sialic acid in this process. Homotypic aggregation was shown to be
      resistant to trypsin. Using the glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin we show that
      N-glycosidically linked carbohydrate chains are involved in aggregation.
      Swainsonine or castanospermine, which inhibit processing of terminal
      sialyllactosamines to the mannose core, did not interfere with the reaction
      supporting the results of the inhibition assay. The data presented suggest the
      involvement of 2 molecules in homotypic aggregation of human Burkitt-lymphoma
      cells. One component is a lectin-like molecule containing N-linked carbohydrate
      chains. The other component carries the neuraminidase-sensitive and trypsin
      resistant determinant NeuNAc-(gal)-galNAc and, therefore, appears to be a
      glycolipid. This proposed lectin-carbohydrate interaction in homotypic
      aggregation is further supported by the frequently observed dependence of lectins
      on divalent cations as indicated by inhibition of aggregation with EDTA and EGTA.

PMID- 3692626
TI  - Contact-inhibitory factor induces alterations in the distribution and content of
      specific cytoskeletal elements in an established line of rat hepatic tumor cells.
AB  - Established 72/22 rat hepatic epithelial tumor cells, which possess intracellular
      aggregates of intermediate-sized filaments resembling Mallory-body-like
      inclusions, were used to assess changes in tumor cell growth and morphology
      associated with exposure to contact-inhibitory factor (CIF). CIF reduced 72/22
      proliferative rate, increased mean population doubling time by 42%, lowered
      culture saturation densities to 34-50% of control values and inhibited formation
      of dense foci. These proliferative changes were due to an apparent prolongation
      of the G1 phase of the cell cycle during the period of CIF exposure. CIF
      concomitantly induced a marked increase (by 70%) in cell spreading and loss of
      both the usual tight (epithelioid) cell juxtaposition and typical ordered colony
      structure characteristic of untreated populations. However, CIF exposure failed
      to achieve complete cytoarchitectural "normalization" in 72/22 cells (i.e.,
      dispersal of the Mallory-body-like aggregate of intermediate filaments and
      restoration of a more typical hepatocytic phenotype). Most obvious was a
      reduction in the integrity of the peripheral band of microfilaments (a structure
      involved in the maintenance of epithelial cell shape) and a decrease in the
      content of desmoplakin (a protein component of desmosomal plaques). Changes in
      these major structural elements appear to be critical events in development of
      the pleomorphic phenotype and reduced substratum adhesiveness observed during
      treatment. CIF-related fragmentation of peripheral band structures was not
      reflected in changes in either the total cellular or cytoskeletal-associated
      actin contents. The morphologic changes observed under conditions of CIF exposure
      closely paralleled induced decreases in the cellular content of the actin
      associated membrane skeleton protein p35. These data collectively suggest that
      CIF may act to alter the composition of the cortical skeleton in cultured liver
      tumor cells.

PMID- 3692627
TI  - Measurement of plasminogen activator activity from human fibrosarcoma cells by a
      new microassay.
AB  - Elevated levels of plasminogen activator (PA) activity have been correlated with
      neoplasia and may have an important role in tumor-cell invasion and metastasis.
      We have developed a new caseinolytic assay that uses an immunochemical approach
      to measure the activity of PA elaborated by malignant tumor cells. The highly
      sensitive assay consists in incubating a source of PA (viable tumor cells, cell
      extracts, or conditioned medium) with purified plasminogen in microtiter plates
      precoated with a suitable protein substrate such as casein. Clearance of the
      immobilized protein substrate by PA-generated plasmin is then measured by a
      technique based on the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In experiments using
      urokinase as a source of PA, the assay displayed near linearity over several log
      units of urokinase activity and could detect as little as 10(-2) Ploug units of
      PA activity. Besides successfully measuring PA activity produced by the human HT
      1080 fibrosarcoma cell line, the assay permitted detection of significant
      plasminogen-independent proteolytic activity generated by intact tumor cells
      cultured in direct contact with immobilized protein substrates.

PMID- 3692628
TI  - Qualities of object relations and field dependence in alcoholic and recovered
      alcoholic males.
AB  - Contemporary research suggests an interaction among disordered cognitive,
      perceptual, and object relational ego functions in the etiology of alcohol abuse.
      The present study hypothesizes a correlation between extreme field dependence,
      representing an impairment in cognitive-synthetic functioning, and poor self
      other differentiation and clarity of object representation, characterizing
      impaired object relations functioning. Groups of normals, alcoholics, remitted
      alcoholics, and psychiatric inpatients (30 Ss each) were administered the
      Embedded Figures Test and measures of quality of self-other differentiation. The
      groups tended to differ in severity of impairments as predicted, and a positive
      correlation was found across the entire sample between inadequate self-other
      differentiation and cognitive field dependence, although this correlation did not
      produce a significant group effect. The evidence of impairment among remitted
      alcoholics suggests that the impairments demonstrated cannot be attributed to
      current alcohol abuse.

PMID- 3692629
TI  - The assessment of drug attitudes among university students using the short form
      of the Drug Attitude Scale.
AB  - A short form of the Drug Attitude Scale (Goodstadt, Cook, Magid, and Gruson,
      1978) was constructed and used to assess the structure of drug attitudes among
      beginning university students. Results revealed that students distinguish between
      socially acceptable and socially unacceptable drugs, with alcohol and tobacco
      being classed together with prescription medications. Moreover, unlike socially
      unacceptable drugs, students reported using alcohol more for its physical than
      for its social effects.

PMID- 3692630
TI  - The Therapeutic Community Involvement Scale: an instrument for assessing the
      staff perceptions of the therapeutic involvement of illicit drug abusers.
AB  - The Therapeutic Community Scale is described. This instrument has two subscales:
      the Participation Scale and the Self-Disclosure Scale. Counselor ratings of
      residents on this scale improved, the longer residents remained in two
      therapeutic communities.

PMID- 3692631
TI  - Classification accuracy of the MacAndrew Scale with and without K corrections.
AB  - This study assessed whether the classification accuracy of the MacAndrew Scale
      (MAC; MacAndrew, 1965) could be improved by the addition of K corrections. The
      addition of K corrections to MAC Scale scores did not produce a significant
      improvement over the use of the MAC Scale alone.

PMID- 3692632
TI  - The roles of alcohol-related self-statements in social drinking.
AB  - Recent literature showed that expectancies or cognitions have been proposed as a
      major factor in influencing the amount of alcohol an individual consumes and the
      behavioral consequences following consumption. However, how alcohol expectancies
      influence alcohol consumption is unclear; this paper reports two studies of the
      relationship. Study I examined the relationship between alcohol consumption and
      alcohol-related positive and negative self-statements in 110 social drinkers. The
      results showed that, in a nondrinking situation, the alcohol expectancies and
      variables measuring consumption and alcohol-related problems were correlated.
      Also, subjects who perceived their "alcoholic sets" as negative consumed more
      than those who perceived theirs as positive. Study II investigated changes in
      self-statement responding in 8 light and 8 heavy drinkers in a "normal" pub
      drinking situation. The results showed that alcohol-dependent self-statements in
      the light drinkers were relatively stable across time and between drinking and
      nondrinking environments. However, the alcohol-dependent self-statements of heavy
      drinkers became more negative during the drinking session. Furthermore, the
      degree and nature of such changes appeared to be related to alcohol-associated
      problems and consumption.

PMID- 3692633
TI  - A model for the evaluation of statewide substance abuse prevention programs.
AB  - A recently completed study of the existing substance abuse prevention programs in
      Iowa is discussed. Content analyses were made of three sets of material: the
      prevention grants made to (1) community agencies and (2) community/parents'
      groups which were funded by the Iowa Department Substance Abuse, and (3) state
      agency documents. The findings revealed that there were articulation problems
      between the agencies and that the projects were vaguely conceived and evaluated.

PMID- 3692634
TI  - The prevalence of alcohol-related problems among white South Africans--some
      multisource evidence.

PMID- 3692635
TI  - Classification of overdose/self-poisoning presentations to an accident and
      emergency department.
AB  - A simple classification system of overdoses presenting to a hospital emergency
      department is described. Five major overdose categories were developed
      (accidental, suicidal behavior, recreational/experimentation, compulsive use, and
      an indeterminate category), which were divided into 10 subcategories. A
      prospective survey at an inner-city hospital in Sydney classified 199 consecutive
      self-poisoning presentations as being due to compulsive drug use in 38% of cases;
      suicidal gesture as a reaction to stress, 17%; adverse reactions to recreational
      or experimental use, 15%; suicidal gesture to influence others, 7%; genuine
      accident or noncompliance with medication, 6%; genuine suicide attempt, 3%; and
      pseudo-overdose, 3%. The reason for the overdose was uncertain in the remainder
      of the cases. Additional data are also presented, including the types of drugs
      involved in each overdose category. Categories of overdose may be useful in
      psychosocial assessment for follow-up interventions, assist in research, and help
      reduce negative attitudes toward overdoses.

PMID- 3692636
TI  - Factor structure of the Addiction Severity Index in an inpatient detoxification
      sample.
AB  - This study examines the factor structure of the Addiction Severity Index for a
      clinical sample of 190 males in an inpatient detoxification unit at a Veterans
      Administration hospital. Factor analysis revealed a four-factor solution rather
      than the six-factor solution originally suggested. These four factors (accounting
      for 22% of the common variance) were labeled chemical addiction, criminality,
      psychological distress, and health-related problems. Overall results suggest that
      considerably more work must be expended in developing standards for an interview
      schedule applicable to the chemically dependent.

PMID- 3692637
TI  - Attitudes toward problem drinkers: cognitive, affective, and behavioral intention
      dimensions.
AB  - Attitudes toward problem drinkers were investigated in an experiment utilizing a
      2 X 2 X 2 X 2 multivariate analysis of variance design. Subjects read one of
      eight case vignettes about hypothetical stimulus persons and then completed
      verbal report inventories to assess attitudes. All vignettes were identical
      except for references to the stimulus person's drinking behavior (problem or
      nonproblem drinking), sex, and socioeconomic status (upper-middle or low). Sex of
      the rater was the other independent variable in the four-way design. Problem
      drinking elicited a powerful halo effect such that attitudes toward persons
      exhibiting such behavior were found to be negative relative to normal drinkers in
      all attitudinal domains and across almost all variables measured. Drinking
      behavior may have exerted such a strong effect that the potential influence of
      the other variables was overpowered.

PMID- 3692638
TI  - Fc fragments of human IgG may influence allergic reactions.
AB  - The antiallergic effect of Fc fragments prepared from human polyclonal IgG was
      investigated in several experimental models. In an in vitro assay, isolated ileum
      of cynomolgus monkeys was sensitized with serum from atopic patients. In six of
      fifteen monkeys the subsequent addition of specific allergens reproducibly
      resulted in an ileum contraction measured in the Schultz-Dale apparatus. In all
      six positive monkeys pre-treatment of the isolated ileum with Fc (papain) before
      sensitization inhibited ileum contraction. Fc (plasmin) or Fc (pepsin) was less
      or not effective, aggregated IgG, monomeric IgG, sulfonated IgG, the Fc-free
      F(ab')2 moiety, or albumin had no significant or no reproducible inhibitory
      effect. In an in vivo assay passive cutaneous anaphylaxis was studied in 28
      cynomolgus monkeys. Different dilutions in PBS of the particular specific
      allergens were subsequently administered to sensitized skin sites, simultaneously
      to i.v. injection of Evans blue. The degree of the local allergic (passive
      cutaneous anaphylactia) reaction was evaluated by measuring the diameter of the
      blue area at the dermal injection sites. About 50% of sera induced positive
      reaction in monkeys. Compared to the control (application of PBS), the degree of
      the positive reactions could be reduced by about 50% if Fc (papain) (optimal dose
      25 mg/kg body weight) was injected i.v. either 2 h before or after local
      sensitization. No significant inhibitory effect could be found with the Fab
      moiety of IgG. Follow-up studies showed that the inhibitory effect of Fc lasted
      for about 10 days. The pharmacological basis of the observed antiallergic action
      of Fc is not yet understood.

PMID- 3692639
TI  - In vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory activity of an N-9 arginyl hypoxanthine
      derivative (PCF-39).
AB  - A new synthetic derivative, N-alpha-5 (1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-9-purinyl) pentyloxy
      carbonyl-L-arginine (PCF-39) has been evaluated in vitro and in vivo in order to
      clarify its immunopharmacologic profile. In vitro, PCF-39 did not modify spleen
      cell functions, whereas parenteral administration in mice of 2.5 and 25 mg/kg (50
      and 500 micrograms/mouse) induced an increase in spleen and lymph node
      cellularity that resulted in a significant resistance to the growth of two
      distinct syngeneic transplanted tumors. These in vivo findings show that PCF-39
      is a potent immunotherapeutic agent with an antitumor effect.

PMID- 3692640
TI  - Inhibition of NK and K cell function by phenothiazines.
AB  - Several phenothiazines have been shown to inhibit NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity
      (NKC) and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) effected by human
      peripheral blood lymphocytes. Of those tested, chlorpromazine was found to
      inhibit at the lowest concentration (5 microM) with a 90% inhibition at 10 microM
      for NKC and 70% inhibition for ADCC. Pre-incubation of either effector or target
      cells with chlorpromazine did not provide any evidence of inhibition in
      subsequent cytotoxicity assays. The data for chlorpromazine in particular may be
      of clinical significance. In vivo inhibition would presumably require the
      presence of the drug since preincubation did not produce inhibition of NK or K
      cell function.

PMID- 3692641
TI  - Nifedipine-induced hyporeactivity in delayed hypersensitivity skin tests.
AB  - Four patients and three healthy volunteers were submitted to delayed
      hypersensitivity skin tests to candidin, tuberculin, streptokinase/streptodornase
      (SK/SD) and mumps antigen before and after a 1 week treatment with nifedipine 10
      mg q. 8h. A decrease in the scores of induration and erythema was observed,
      especially in response to SK/SD antigen challenge. We conclude that nifedipine
      may induce an anergy status in delayed hypersensitivity skin tests.

PMID- 3692642
TI  - The welfare state and its distributive effects: part of the problem or part of
      the solution?
AB  - In the first part of this article, the author presents (1) a discussion of some
      of the major arguments against the welfare state put forward by neoliberal forces
      on both sides of the Atlantic, and (2) empirical information that shows the
      ideological rather than scientific nature of those arguments. The author also
      questions the widely held belief among European neoliberal (and even on occasion
      progressive) forces that the Reagan Administration policies have been (1) very
      successful in stimulating employment and economic growth, and (2) neoliberal
      rather than Keynesian. The empirical information presented in this article shows
      that these Reagan Administration policies have followed a military Keynesianism
      rather than social Keynesianism, which is responsible for a rather poor economic
      and social performance. In the second part, the author presents alternatives to
      the austerity policies advocated by the anti-welfare state forces, policies based
      on an expansion of the universalist character of the welfare state and its
      democratization, with active participation of the municipalities in the
      administration of the welfare state services and in the development of
      reflationary policies aimed at guiding production and stimulating consumption.
      The author also shows that the full development of the welfare state is a
      precondition for the needed restructuring of the economy, labor mobility, and
      technological innovation. The welfare state, rather than being the cause of the
      economic crisis, is part of the resolution of this crisis. The article ends with
      a discussion of the political conditions for the expansion of the welfare state
      and for the resolution of the economic crisis.

PMID- 3692643
TI  - Corporatization and deprivatization of health services in Canada.
AB  - Canada's system of health services has been shaped by the forces and values in
      the Canadian political, cultural, social, and economic environment; these forces
      continue to place constraints on future changes. We distinguish between
      "corporatization" and "privatization", and the implications of each for improved
      efficiency of the system. Although the organization of health services is, in
      certain provinces, undergoing significant structural changes, there is evidence
      that rather than privatizing, the system may actually be continuing to experience
      what we have termed deprivatization, as the scope of government involvement
      expands to include a more comprehensive definition of health care. Trends in
      Canada differ considerably from those in the United States; universal health
      insurance has curbed the ability and desire of institutions to exclude members of
      some socioeconomic groups from receiving care. U.S.-based models, if applied to
      Canada, could lead to both higher costs and lower quality of care. Considerable
      efficiencies can be realized within Canada's current system.

PMID- 3692644
TI  - The walk-in chains: the proprietarization of ambulatory care.
AB  - In this article we examine the previously little-studied development in U.S.
      health care--the growth of a proprietary ambulatory care system composed of
      health maintenance organization, urgent care centers, ambulatory surgicenters,
      ambulatory diagnostic centers, large group practices, and other delivery
      modalities. The growth of this system as a result of the ease of access to
      capital, limited or nonexistent regulation through Certificate of Need or other
      mechanisms, the growing surplus of physicians, decreases in the use of hospitals
      as a result of changed insurance benefits and inpatient utilization review, new
      developments in biotechnology, and computerization and miniaturization of new
      technological advances is discussed. The reasons for the expanded growth of
      proprietary chains over nonprofit systems of ambulatory care are also discussed.
      The article concludes with a discussion of the negative consequences for
      individual health and the health care system that may be generated by the
      continued growth of proprietary ambulatory care.

PMID- 3692645
TI  - Canadian federalism and the Canadian health care program: a comparison of Ontario
      and Quebec.
AB  - The Quebec and Ontario health insurance and health service delivery systems,
      developed within the parameters of federal regulations and national financial
      subsidies, provide generally universal and comprehensive basic hospital and
      medical benefits and increasingly provide for the delivery of long-term care
      services. Within a framework of cooperative federalism, the health care systems
      of Ontario and Quebec have developed uniquely. In terms of vital statistics, the
      health of Ontario and Quebec residents generally is comparable. In viewing
      expenditures, Quebec has a more clearly articulated plan for providing accessible
      services to low-income persons and for integrating health and social services,
      although it has faced some difficulties in seeking to achieve the latter goal.
      Its plans for decentralized services are counter-balanced by a strong provincial
      role in health policy decision-making. Quebec's political culture also allows the
      province to play a stronger role in hospital planning and in the regulation of
      physician income than one finds in Ontario. These political dynamics allow Quebec
      an advantage in control of costs. In Ontario, in spite of some recent setbacks,
      physician interests and hospital sector interests play a more active role in
      health system bargaining and are usually able to influence remuneration and
      resource allocation decisions more than physician interests and hospital sector
      interests in Quebec.

PMID- 3692646
TI  - International mobility of hazardous products, industries, and wastes.
AB  - The export of hazards to developing countries, frequently associated with the
      transfer of technology, is an increasing public health problem. It may arise from
      the export of hazardous products and wastes, or from the transfer of hazardous
      industries in the absence of appropriate safeguards. Multinational corporations
      bear a major responsibility for having lower standards of health protection in
      manufacturing and marketing in the developing countries than in home-country
      operations. These firms are coming under growing international pressure from
      concerned citizens, unions, environmental groups, national governments and
      international organizations, religious groups, the media, and public health
      professionals.

PMID- 3692647
TI  - Workers' health and safety in Australia: an overview.
AB  - In this article we explore some of the precursors and background to the recent
      wave of administrative and legislative change in the field of occupational health
      and safety in Australia. The influences of the New Left and women's movement in
      the late 1960s and early 1970s are seen to be crucial in creating a climate in
      which the issue of workers' health could be raised. It is then argued that the
      labor movement has been fundamentally important in determining the shape and
      extent of reform. Current organizational and legal developments are described and
      discussed in the context of Australian society.

PMID- 3692648
TI  - Women, housing, and mental health.
AB  - This article is concerned with crowding in the home and psychological health in
      women. After a brief literature review, the relationship is investigated using
      data from a community survey conducted in West London in 1977. Our findings
      indicate a J-shaped relationship between internal density and psychological
      symptoms-low as well as high levels of crowding were detrimental. This pattern
      was found to persist after relevant intervening variables were controlled for.
      These findings are interpreted within the context of women's subordination within
      the home.

PMID- 3692649
TI  - Cuba and the Philippines: contrasting cases in world-system analysis.
AB  - Cuba and the Philippines are countries with broad similarities in historical
      background yet sharp divergences in political economic developments and relations
      to the capitalist world-system in recent times. U.S. economic and political
      interests dominated both countries during the first half of the 20th century. The
      changes generated by the Cuban revolution resulted in the end of U.S. power in
      Cuba in 1959. The Philippines, however, remain profoundly dependent on the United
      States. The approach taken in this article contrasts these countries, asking what
      the results of their divergent paths are in terms of health and health services.
      The ability of Cuba and the Philippines to support the primary health care (PHC)
      approach by fostering socioeconomic justice, authentic citizen participation, and
      a regionalized health system is examined. It is clear that the last 25 years of
      socialist-oriented development in Cuba reversed the negative effects of the
      previous market economy by providing improved social and health services. The
      success of the political economy and the fully regionalized health system,
      supportive of the PHC approach in Cuba, is reflected in the high-level health
      status of the people. In contrast, poverty, gross social and economic inequities,
      high prevalence of infectious disease, and inaccessible, inadequate, and
      uncoordinated health services persist in the Philippines after some 85 years of
      international and national capitalist development. The poor health status of the
      Philippine people is a direct reflection of this underdeveloped system.

PMID- 3692650
TI  - Muscle fiber composition and enzyme activities in elite female distance runners.
AB  - This study has attempted to describe the fiber composition and respiratory
      potential in the leg (gastrocnemius) muscle of highly trained, elite female
      distance runners. As noted, many of these women were competing successfully in
      middle-distance (1500-3000 m) rather than long distance (10 km and marathon)
      events. This fact appears to explain many of the differences observed between
      these "elite female runners" and the "elite male runners" studied in the 1975
      Dallas study (6). With the exception of differences in muscle fiber areas, the
      female runners appear to show the same enzyme adaptations to endurance training
      that have been reported for male runners. The most notable finding of this study
      was the remarkable similarity of muscle fiber composition and enzyme activity for
      male and female runners when matched according to their preferred competitive
      distance.

PMID- 3692651
TI  - Biomechanical studies of elite female distance runners.
AB  - The experiments showed the elite women runners to be predominantly midfoot
      strikers. Their ground reaction forces showed peaks of 3.3 times body weight in
      the vertical component, 0.8 times body weight in the braking phase, and 0.3 times
      body weight in the mediolateral direction. The asymmetry in their ground reaction
      forces was expressed mainly in the mediolateral component. Only minor differences
      were found between ground reaction forces in racing and training shoes. More
      abduction during foot placement was associated with greater rearfoot motion and
      with greater change in mediolateral component of velocity. Among the numerous
      moderate to high correlations of interest were those between vertical oscillation
      and peak vertical force, crossover and change in mediolateral velocity, and
      between movements of the swing leg and mediolateral force values. There were very
      few correlations between running economy and biomechanical variables, and stride
      length correlated poorly with stature. The elite runners were shorter in stature,
      lighter, had shorter legs and considerably less iliac crest fat than a typical
      non-athletic female population. The runners also had narrower pelves than a
      student population of similar age. They were reasonably homogeneous and
      symmetrical in anthropometric dimensions. Compared with a group of elite male
      runners at the same running velocity, the elite women exhibited more hip flexion,
      greater angular velocities in hip flexion and extension, and longer stride
      lengths relative to leg length during running. Their vertical oscillation
      (expressed relative to leg length) was less than that shown by their male
      counterparts. On the issue of relative pelvic width, the women had greater
      relative bitrochanteric and bi-iliac crest widths but similar bispinous widths
      compared to the elite male runners (all values expressed relative to leg length).
      Clearly the issue of male-female pelvic width differences at the elite level is
      not as simple as had previously been suggested.

PMID- 3692652
TI  - Lipid, lipoprotein, and iron status of elite women distance runners.

PMID- 3692653
TI  - Psychological characterization of the elite female distance runner.

PMID- 3692654
TI  - Project overview and description of performance, training, and physical
      characteristics in elite women distance runners.

PMID- 3692655
TI  - Medical evaluation, electrocardiographic analysis, and exercise testing of elite
      women distance runners.
AB  - Sixteen elite women runners and 14 good women runners underwent medical history
      and physical examinations. Resting ECGs were recorded in all and exercise ECGs in
      28 of the 30 (two were injured). Women in both groups combined endurance with
      supplemental strength and flexibility workouts. They also tended to avoid
      potentially harmful substances such as excess dietary saturated fats, cigarettes,
      and alcohol. Their cardiac examinations were not unlike those of elite male
      runners. Several differences from the male runners were noted on both the resting
      and exercise ECGs.

PMID- 3692656
TI  - Echocardiographic analysis of elite women distance runners.

PMID- 3692657
TI  - Pulmonary function characteristics in elite women distance runners.

PMID- 3692658
TI  - Cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses to submaximal and maximal exercise in
      elite women distance runners.

PMID- 3692659
TI  - Body composition of elite female distance runners.

PMID- 3692660
TI  - The North Carolina experience with outpatient commitment: a critical appraisal.

PMID- 3692661
TI  - Cycles of control: the transcarceral careers of forensic patients.

PMID- 3692662
TI  - Question or quarrel: an analysis of the dialogue between judge and patient in the
      involuntary commitment procedure.

PMID- 3692663
TI  - Legal restraint, happiness, and anxiety--parallels between utilitarianism and
      psychiatry.

PMID- 3692664
TI  - Follow-up of insanity acquittees in Hawaii.

PMID- 3692665
TI  - Forensic psychiatry in Taiwan: civil litigation.

PMID- 3692666
TI  - Atypical polypoid adenomyoma of the uterus associated with Turner's syndrome. A
      report of three cases, including a review of "estrogen-associated" endometrial
      neoplasms and neoplasms associated with Turner's syndrome.
AB  - The clinical and pathological features of three atypical polypoid adenomyomas of
      the uterus that were associated with Turner's syndrome are described. The
      patients, at least two of whom had been on long-term exogenous estrogens, were in
      their third decade and presented with abnormal vaginal bleeding. In two cases an
      exophytic mass protruded through the external os and clinically suggested a
      malignant tumor. The histological (and in one case, the ultrastructural) findings
      were similar to those of previously described cases of atypical polypoid
      adenomyoma. The clinical findings in these cases suggest that some atypical
      polypoid adenomyomas may be a complication of prolonged estrogenic stimulation.
      The association between Turner's syndrome and other gynecological neoplasms is
      reviewed.

PMID- 3692667
TI  - Comparative studies of normal and neoplastic ovarian germ cells: 1.
      Ultrastructure of oogonia and intercellular bridges in the fetal ovary.
AB  - Electron microscopic studies were performed on human fetal ovaries to gain
      insight into the process of mitotic proliferation in developing germ cells. Three
      stages of germ cell differentiation are present during the early gestational
      period: primitive germ cells, oogonia, and oocytes. Oogonia, representing the
      mitotic stage of differentiation, are the predominant cell type present between 9
      and 12 weeks' gestation and then progressively decrease in number as a result of
      transformation into oocytes in meiosis and degeneration. Mitotic division of
      oogonia, which is extensive during the late first and early second trimesters, is
      characterized by incomplete separation and persistence of intercellular bridges
      between germ cells. Intercellular bridges were found in large numbers from 10
      weeks until the time of follicle formation at midgestation. The bridges contained
      microtubule arrays consistent with remnants of the spindle apparatus. The
      findings support the role of germ cell bridges in maintaining coordination of
      proliferative activity during the early developmental period.

PMID- 3692668
TI  - Comparative studies of normal and neoplastic ovarian germ cells: 2.
      Ultrastructure and pathogenesis of dysgerminoma.
AB  - A series of dysgerminomas of the ovary was examined by electron microscopy and
      the findings were compared with germ cells in the normal developing ovary. The
      ultrastructural characteristics of the neoplastic cells, including prominent
      reticular nucleoli and sparsely distributed cytoplasmic organelles, indicated a
      close resemblance to oogonia present in the fetal ovary. Occasional cells had
      localized collections of glycogen, resembling primitive germ cells, but the
      irregular ameboid appearance and eccentric nuclear location characteristic of
      cells in the early stage were not seen. Ultrastructural features of oocyte
      differentiation, such as synaptinemal complexes and perinuclear arrangement of
      mitochondria, were not found in any of the tumors. Intercellular bridges, a
      frequent finding at the oogonial stage in the normal ovary, were absent in all of
      the tumors. The lack of intercellular communication could be responsible for
      uncontrolled mitotic division leading to germ cell neoplasia.

PMID- 3692669
TI  - Placentation in the fallopian tube.
AB  - The processes of implantation and placentation have been studied in 105 tubal
      pregnancies. Successful placentation occurred only with plicomural or mural
      implantations and in these the early development of the placenta occurred in the
      tube in exactly the same way as it does in the uterus, although tubal
      placentation was usually membranaceous in nature, possibly because of an
      inadequate blood supply. Invasion of the placental bed by interstitial
      extravillous cytotrophoblast occurred in the tube in the same manner as it does
      in the uterus whereas extravillous trophoblast invaded tubal vessels in the same
      fashion as it does the spiral arteries in the uterus. Subsequent development of
      the placenta in the tube differed from that in the uterus in so far as villous
      invasion of the tubal tissues, with consequent development of the placenta in the
      subserosa or on the serosa, was common. The ability of the blastocyst to implant
      in the tube with subsequent normal placentation indicates that these processes
      are purely a function of trophoblastic tissue, with maternal tissues playing only
      a passive role.

PMID- 3692670
TI  - Vulvar basal cell carcinoma: an infrequently metastasizing neoplasm.
AB  - A case of metastasizing basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the vulva is presented and
      compared with 10 nonmetastasizing tumors of the same histologic type by various
      clinicopathologic parameters. The former neoplasm manifested several features
      that distinguished it from most of the nonmetastasizing tumors, such as vaginal
      bleeding at presentation; advanced clinical stage; invasion of subcutaneous fat,
      urethra, and vagina; tumor thickness greater than 1 cm; and a morphealike pattern
      of growth. This series, in conjunction with previously published observations,
      would suggest that vulvar BCC behaves much like its counterpart in sites other
      than the vulva, locally recurring but metastasizing only on rare occasion. Simple
      wide excision of the tumor is curative in the majority of cases. More aggressive
      surgery may be warranted for large tumors that are locally destructive and extend
      into the subcutaneous fat, like our metastasizing case and the two other examples
      of metastasizing vulvar BCC in the literature. In this report, treatment options
      for vulvar BCC are discussed, as well as the use of the term "basosquamous"
      carcinoma, and whether vulvar BCC may be a manifestation of a more generalized
      syndrome of cutaneous basal cell neoplasia in some cases.

PMID- 3692671
TI  - Secondary ovarian carcinoma: a clinical and pathological evaluation.
AB  - A retrospective clinical and pathological analysis was performed of 96 patients
      with secondary ovarian carcinoma diagnosed between January 1972 and June 1985 at
      New York University Medical Center. Secondary tumors accounted for 17.4% (96/553)
      of ovarian malignancies. The most common sites of origin were breast (32 cases),
      unilateral ovary (with contralateral metastases) (20), endometrium (14), colon
      (12), stomach (6), cervix (2), ileum (2), and 1 each for 8 additional sites. The
      patients ranged in age from 19 to 87 years, averaging 54.8 years, and 55 patients
      were postmenopausal. Ninety percent of the patients had extraovarian metastases
      at the time of abdominal surgery. The ovarian metastases tended to be bilateral
      for breast, colon and stomach, and unilateral for endometrial and ovarian primary
      sites. The metastases tended to be solid except for colon. The overall survival
      rate was 24.1% at 5 years and 7.1% at 10 years. Comparison of median survival
      times for the various major primary sites showed a significant overall difference
      (p = 0.04) and was as follows: gastric primary 0.79 years, breast 1.9 years,
      ovary 2.0 years, colon 3.0 years, and endometrium 3.4 years. Postmenopausal
      patients with unilateral ovarian carcinoma and contralateral metastases had a
      significantly (p = 0.04) longer median survival time (4.2 years) than analogous
      premenopausal patients (1.3 years). For breast and endometrium, menopausal status
      was not significantly associated with survival differences. These findings should
      prove useful in the differential diagnosis of ovarian tumors and in the medical
      management of these patients.

PMID- 3692672
TI  - Metastatic granulosa cell tumor with pattern of sex cord tumor with annular
      tubules.
AB  - A case of malignant, complex sex cord tumor with multiple differentiations in a
      38-year-old woman is presented. The neoplasm presented originally as a pure
      granulosa cell tumor, and in the second look operation as a sex cord tumor with
      annular tubules (SCTAT). Six years later abdominal metastases revealed a mixed
      pattern of granulosa and Sertoli cell tumor admixed with SCTAT. The patient died
      despite chemotherapy. Analysis of the 10 previously reported cases of malignant
      SCTAT shows that tumor size is the main prognostic indicator. Mitoses, atypia,
      and stromal invasion seem also to bear prognostic implications when present. The
      association of both granulosa and Sertoli cells with SCTAT seems to provide a
      clue for SCTAT being a peculiar intermediate phenotypical expression of
      pluripotential stem sex cord cells of the gonads.

PMID- 3692673
TI  - Histopathologic prognostic factors in stage II and III squamous cell carcinoma of
      the uterine cervix. An evaluation of 91 patients treated primarily with radiation
      therapy.
AB  - Pretreatment biopsies in 54 patients with Stage II and 37 patients with Stage III
      squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix were reviewed. The patients were
      all diagnosed, staged, and treated in a uniform manner in a single radiation
      therapy unit. The biopsies were scored for degree of keratinization, nuclear
      pleomorphism, frequency of mitoses, cell size, inflammation, desmoplastic pattern
      of invasion, and presence or absence of vascular infiltration by tumor.
      Regression analysis and comparative survivals were analyzed to identify
      histologic parameters of prognostic value. The 5-year survivals were 60 and 32%
      for Stage II and III tumors, respectively. None of the histologic parameters
      evaluated was found to predict patient survival. Subclassification of the tumors
      by World Health Organization grading criteria also failed to predict patient
      survival. Stage of disease was the only factor that correlated with patient
      outcome.

PMID- 3692674
TI  - Diffuse leiomyomatosis of the uterus: a report of four cases.
AB  - The clinical and pathological features of four cases of diffuse leiomyomatosis of
      the uterus are described. The patients, whose ages ranged from 22 to 38 years,
      all had an enlarged uterus on pelvic examination and underwent hysterectomy. On
      gross examination, the uterus was typically symmetrically enlarged due to almost
      complete replacement of the myometrium by innumerable, poorly defined, confluent
      nodules. Microscopic examination revealed that the nodules were composed of
      benign cellular smooth muscle. In each case there was a focal proliferation of
      perivascular smooth muscle cells within the nodules, and in one case, the normal
      myometrium. Distinction from intravenous leiomyomatosis and low-grade endometrial
      stromal sarcoma, one or both of which were initially considered in the
      differential diagnosis in three of the cases, is important.

PMID- 3692675
TI  - Uterine intravascular leiomyomatosis: an update and report of seven cases.
AB  - A clinicopathological study of seven cases of intravascular leiomyomatosis (IVL)
      was performed. The patients' ages ranged from 29 to 80 and all cases were
      associated with uterine leiomyomas. The intravascular extension involved
      preferentially uterine vessels, although the adnexa were also affected.
      Microscopically, the intravascular tumors resembled the primary leiomyomas.
      Mitotic count was low and never exceeded 3 per 10 high-power fields. Thick venous
      vessels, sometimes with thrombosis, were a conspicuous marker in intravascular
      locations. Necrosis and hemorrhage were found in four cases. Epithelioid IVL was
      found in one instance associated with a lipid cell tumor of the ovary. This
      series supports, for most cases, the notion of an origin from a preexisting
      leiomyoma. A review of treatment, prognosis, and histogenesis of IVL is
      performed.

PMID- 3692676
TI  - Endosalpingiosis in female peritoneal washings: a diagnostic pitfall.
AB  - Endosalpingiosis in female peritoneal washings can be a source of false-positive
      diagnoses, especially in patients with known ovarian carcinoma. In this article
      we report the features of endosalpingiosis in the peritoneal washings of four
      patients, three of whom were initially reported as "suspicious for malignancy."
      Two of the patients had ovarian serous tumor of borderline malignancy; however,
      the tumors were confined to the ovaries with no evidence of disseminated
      peritoneal malignancy. All four patients had histologic evidence of pelvic
      endosalpingiosis. It is important to recognize this entity cytologically to avoid
      a misdiagnosis of recurrent or disseminated malignancy.

PMID- 3692677
TI  - Ovarian sex cord tumor with annular tubules: an ultrastructural study.
AB  - We report the light- and electron-microscopic features of a case of sex cord
      tumor with annular tubules (SCTAT) in a 15-year-old girl. There was no Peutz
      Jeghers syndrome (PJS). The tumor was unilateral, 6 cm in diameter, and
      encapsulated. Optically, the tumor was composed of cellular nests with tubules
      and hyaline bodies. There was no cytologic evidence of malignancy.
      Ultrastructural study revealed that the tumor cells were epithelial, with
      numerous tonofilaments connected to well-formed desmosomes, but neither Charcot
      Bottcher crystalloids or filaments nor Reinke crystals were found. The hyaline
      bodies were composed of packed basement membranes and cellular debris secondary
      to cellular necrosis, and resembled Call-Exner bodies. There was no true lumen
      formation. SCTAT showed granulosa cell differentiation and, to a lesser extent,
      Sertoli cell differentiation. The value of dark cells as evidence of stromal cell
      origin is questionable, since they might represent metabolic hyperactive cells.
      We suggest that SCTAT not associated with PJS is a form of granulosa cell tumor,
      and when associated with PJS is a form of hamartoma.

PMID- 3692678
TI  - Molecular mechanics investigation of the flexibility of some cyclic peptides.
AB  - Conformation space near the crystal conformations of proline-containing cyclic
      octapeptides and cyclic hexapeptides of C2 sequence symmetry, e.g. cyclo-(Gly-Pro
      D-Phe)2 and cyclo-(D-Ala-Gly-Pro-D-Phe)2, was explored using molecular mechanics.
      Conformations found in crystals were energy minimized, distortions were
      introduced by systematically fixing backbone dihedral angles at individual
      residues, and nearby energy-minimized conformations were then located.
      Interatomic distances and dihedral angles were examined in the conformations
      within a few kilocalories of the most stable conformation. A common form of
      flexibility was found to involve libration of amide planes. Among the peptides
      examined, the cyclic hexapeptides were found to have greater freedom than the
      cyclic octapeptides, and cyclo-(D-Ala-Gly-Pro-D-Phe)2 was found to be more rigid
      than cyclo-(D-Ala-Gly-Pro-Phe)2.

PMID- 3692679
TI  - Analogs of oxytocin containing a modified peptide bond.
AB  - Analogs of deamino-oxytocin and deamino-oxypressin containing a CH2-NH group
      instead of an amide bond between positions 8 and 9 were synthesized. All tested
      compounds exhibit significantly lowered biological activities.

PMID- 3692680
TI  - Synthesis of cyclic tryptathionine peptides.
AB  - The helicity of the tryptathionine moiety of the phallotoxins has been recognized
      by comparison with cyclic tryptathionine tripeptides. In order to investigate the
      influence of the configuration of the component amino acids on the conformation
      of the cyclic peptides, six analogue thioether tripeptides containing L- and D
      alanine and L- and D-cysteine, respectively, have been synthesized. The CD
      spectra of the peptides are very similar to each other, showing mirror images of
      the CD of phalloidin and, therefore, negative helicity. The spectra of the D
      cysteine containing compounds differ from the L-cysteine containing compounds by
      their weakly positive ellipticity values around 270 nm. The cyclization reaction
      of Boc-Hpi-D-Ala-D-Cys(STrt)OCH3, along with the cyclic tripeptide, afforded a
      cyclic hexapeptide by dimerization. The CD spectrum of the dimer is very similar
      to that of phalloidin, thus pointing to a positive helicity of its two
      tryptathionine moieties. The dimeric thioether peptide forms a rather strong
      complex with Cu2+ ions.

PMID- 3692681
TI  - Changes of dipole moments in the series of Boc-(ProLeuGly)n-OBzl oligopeptides
      and their possible explanation. A preliminary survey.
AB  - It was found that the dipole moments in the series of Boc-(ProLeuGly)n-OBzl
      oligopeptides (n = 1-5) measured in dioxane solution demonstrate a distinct
      concentration dependence beginning from dodecapeptide. This effect may be
      connected with the appearance of aggregated (triple-helical?) structure in
      conformation equilibrium. The tendency to minimize the dipole moment of the
      system may be of some importance in the creation of supercoiled structures of
      polypeptides.

PMID- 3692682
TI  - Comparison of conformational properties of linear and cyclic delta selective
      opioid ligands DTLET (Tyr-D X Thr-Gly-Phe-Leu-Thr) and DPLPE (Tyr-c[D X Pen-Gly
      Phe-Pen]) by 1H n.m.r. spectroscopy.
AB  - The preferential conformations of the delta selective opioid peptides DPLPE (Tyr
      c[D X Pen-Gly-Phe-Pen]) and DTLET (Tyr-D X Thr-Gly-Phe-Leu-Thr) were studied by
      400 MHz 1H n.m.r. spectroscopy in DMSO-d6 solution. In neutral conditions, the
      weak NH temperature coefficients of the C-terminal residue (Pen5 or Thr6),
      associated with interproton NH-NH and alpha-NH NOE's (ROESY experiments),
      indicated large analogies between the backbone folding tendency of both the
      linear and cyclic peptides. Various gamma and/or beta turns may account for these
      experimental data. A similar orientation of the N-terminal tyrosine related to
      the folded backbones is observed for the two agonists, with a probable gamma turn
      around the amino acid in position 2. Finally, a short distance, about 10 A,
      between Tyr and Phe side chains and identical structural roles for threonyl and
      penicillamino residues are proposed for both peptides. These results suggest the
      occurrence of similar conformers in solution for the constrained peptide DPLPE
      and the flexible hexapeptide DTLET. Therefore, it may be hypothesized that the
      enhanced delta selectivity of DPLPE is related to a very large conformational
      expense of energy needed to interact with the mu opioid receptor, a feature not
      encountered in the case of DTLET. These findings might allow peptides to be
      designed retaining a high affinity for delta opioid receptors associated with a
      very low cross-reactivity with mu binding sites.

PMID- 3692683
TI  - Ethoxyformylation of histidine residues in equine growth hormone.
AB  - Reactivity of histidine residues in equine growth hormone to ethoxyformic
      anhydride was studied. The existence of two kinetically different sets was
      demonstrated: one of them including only the slow reacting histidine 169 (k =
      0.164 min-1) and the other containing fast reacting histidines 19 and 21 (k =
      0.892 min-1). A correlation between the decrease in the capacity to compete with
      125I-labeled hormone for rat liver binding sites and the degree of
      ethoxyformylation of the fast group was found. Circular dichroism studies
      indicated no significant conformational changes in the protein with all three
      residues modified. These results fully agree with those obtained for bovine
      growth hormone which is further evidence supporting the vinculation of histidines
      19 and/or 21 with the binding site of these hormones to their specific receptors.

PMID- 3692684
TI  - Synthesis and biological activity of some glucose-enkephalin conjugates.
AB  - Two O-glucopeptides, H-Tyr(beta-D-Glc)-Gly-Gly-Phe-OH(10) and H-Tyr(beta-D-Glc)
      Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu-OH (11), having the amino acid sequence of enkephalin, were
      synthesized to determine the influence of the carbohydrate molecule on the
      biological activity and conformation of these opioid peptides. The synthesis were
      carried out in a stepwise and/or direct manner by fusing the activated O
      glucosylpseudourea intermediate with suitably protected amino acid or peptide
      derivatives, followed by hydrogenolytic removal of protecting groups. The pure
      compounds were tested for opiate-like activity by using the guinea pig ileum
      (GPI) and mouse vas deferens (MVD) preparations.

PMID- 3692685
TI  - Cyclization under mild conditions of anthraniloyl- and N-methyl-anthraniloyl
      dipeptides.
AB  - Anthraniloyl- and N-methyl-anthraniloyl dipeptides containing C-terminal L and D
      proline residues have been synthesized and subjected to cyclization reaction
      under mild conditions. The influence of substituents and of the chirality of the
      residues on the output of the reaction is discussed.

PMID- 3692686
TI  - Conformational analysis of a cyclic thymopoietin-analogue by 1H n.m.r.
      spectroscopy and restrained molecular dynamics simulations.
AB  - The internuclear distances of the cyclic thymopoietin derivative c[D-Val-Tyr-Arg
      Lys-Glu] have been determined using two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser n.m.r.
      spectroscopy. These distances are used as constraints for a restrained Molecular
      Dynamics (MD) simulation. The two starting structures used for the calculations
      consist of a beta and gamma turn for model 1 and two gamma turns for model 2. The
      rms difference in atomic positions of the two conformations is 0.242 nm. They
      converge during the restrained MD simulation to the same final structure. The
      positional rms difference of the time averaged (5-14 ps) conformations is 0.011
      nm. The hydrogen bond pattern is similar to that of model 1, but in addition we
      find three more gamma turns. The vicinal NH-C alpha H couplings agree well with
      those calculated from the time averaged structures.

PMID- 3692687
TI  - Influence of carboxyl groups on conformation of histone H1 from Ceratitis
      capitata.
AB  - Salt and pH-dependent effects on the local conformation of the two tyrosine
      residues of the histone H1 from the fruit fly Ceratitis capitata have been
      studied by difference spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD), fluorescence
      emission and quenching of tyrosine emission by KI. Four different solvent
      conditions were used: pH 1.0 and pH 6.0 in the presence or absence of 1 M NaCl.
      The results clearly indicate a partial folding of the fruit fly histone H1 in the
      absence of NaCl upon pH increasing from 1.0 to 6.0. This folding is achieved only
      through ionization of acidic side chains which leads to an environment of the
      tyrosine residues similar to that found in salt-folded histone H1. Furthermore,
      the present results give new insights into the states of the tyrosine residue
      responsible for the tyrosinate-like fluorescence emission at 340 nm described
      previously (Jordano, J., Barbero, J.L., Montero, F. & Franco, L. (1983) J. Biol
      Chem. 258, 315-320).

PMID- 3692688
TI  - Identification of intramolecular crosslinks in bovine growth hormone after two
      step modification with 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene.
AB  - Derivatives of bovine growth hormone, containing monoaminotyrosyl residues in
      positions 35, 42 and 174, were treated at pH 3.6 with a bifunctional reagent, 1,5
      difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. Under these conditions aminotyrosyl groups reacted.
      On changing the pH to 9.3, the second fluorine atom of the reagent was
      substituted with the sterically adjacent side groups of lysine, since the excess
      of reagent had been previously removed. The modified protein underwent cyanogen
      bromide treatment. Peptides containing the crosslinks were purified from tryptic
      digests of the cyanogen bromide fragments by HPLC. Results show that aminoTyr 174
      was able to form dinitrophenylene bridges with Lys 111, Lys 29 and Lys 170.
      AminoTry 35 was found crosslinked to Lys 29. Taking into account the size of the
      reagent, it may be inferred that Lys 29, 111 and 170 are located at approximately
      5 A from Tyr 174 in the bovine growth hormone molecule.

PMID- 3692689
TI  - Improved purities for Fmoc-amino acids from Fmoc-ONSu.

PMID- 3692690
TI  - Retinal function immediately after Nd.YAG-laser treatment.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Nd.YAG-laser treatment on
      retinal function. All the patients treated showed a temporary decrease of visual
      acuity immediately after treatment. The ERG and EOG recordings were identical
      before and after treatment. The Umazume-Ohta test showed temporary central or
      paracentral relative field defects in all cases investigated.

PMID- 3692691
TI  - Does vitrectomy followed by intraocular gas tamponade offer sufficiently
      effective treatment of retinal detachment due to holes in the posterior pole?
AB  - We report on 17 consecutive cases of retinal detachment due to macular hole
      surgically treated by one of the authors (S.B.) between the fall of 1982 and
      1985. The standard method used was pars plana vitrectomy and intraocular air
      tamponade. In cases of subsequent reaccumulation of subretinal fluid, the macular
      hole was cautiously coagulated. With repeated redetachment and as a last resort,
      silicone oil was injected into the vitreous cavity. After a follow-up period
      ranging from 5 to 42 months, 13 of the 17 eyes were cured; in 2 aphakic eyes
      treatment remained unsuccessful; in 2 eyes a small central detachment with some
      accumulation of subretinal fluid persisted but did not progress. Vitrectomy and
      gas tamponade alone, without coagulation, constitute the safest and most sparing
      treatment of this type of retinal detachment. Unfortunately, approximately one
      half of these cases require subsequent additional photocoagulation because of
      renewed accumulation of subretinal fluid. In about one fourth of macular hole
      retinal detachments, however, lasting reattachment is achieved only by silicone
      oil tamponade following initial vitrectomy and air/gas tamponade.

PMID- 3692692
TI  - Contact application of Nd:YAG laser through a fiberoptic and a sapphire tip.
AB  - We evaluated the effects of Nd:YAG laser energy directly applied to ocular tissue
      through a fiberoptic and a sapphire tip. All ocular tissue could be easily cut
      with the maximum 4 watts of energy. The coagulated borders extended 20 to 200 mu
      into the healthy tissue depending on the speed with which the cutting was
      performed.

PMID- 3692693
TI  - Electrical injury of the eye.
AB  - A 17-year-old male suffered superficial and deep facial burns after coming into
      contact with a high tension electrical cable with his head and right side of the
      face. The right eye sustained severe thermal coagulative injuries and
      subsequently was enucleated. Histopathological examination showed that the
      retinal neuropile was relatively intact although the retinal and choroidal
      circulations were severely compromised. The left eye was less affected but a
      dense cataract developed and required lensectomy. Visual acuity remained poor in
      the left eye due to retinal atrophy, retinal vascular attenuation and optic nerve
      degeneration. Electroretinographic tests and pseudo-random binary stimulus
      visually evoked responses were useful in predicting the visual outcome.

PMID- 3692694
TI  - Ghost cell glaucoma in phakic eyes.
AB  - We report 3 cases of ghost cell glaucoma all of which occurred in phakic patients
      with onset between 18 months and 4 years after vitreous haemorrhage. There
      appears to have been spontaneous disruption of the anterior hyaloid face in all 3
      cases. Control of the glaucoma was achieved by medical treatment in one case and
      by trabeculectomy in two.

PMID- 3692695
TI  - A contact Nd:YAG laser to resect large ciliary body and choroidal tumors.
AB  - We used a contact Nd:YAG laser fit with a 0.2-mm diameter sapphire tip to excise
      a large (5 1/2 clock hour) iris ciliary body-choroidal tumor and a large (15 X 8
      X 3 mm) choroidal tumor. The cutting and coagulation action of the laser helped
      to minimize intraoperative and postoperative hemorrhage.

PMID- 3692696
TI  - An analysis of the naming deficit of left-handers.
AB  - Left-handers have been found to have a naming deficit when confronted with
      briefly flashed words. Three alternative explanations of this deficit were
      tested: whether it was due to deviant interhemispheric cooperation, relatively
      diffuse neural organization, or left hemispheric dysfunction. In Experiment I,
      four words were presented for 190 ms, unilaterally (to a single hemisphere), or
      bilaterally (between the hemispheres). Although left-handers (N = 48) named
      significantly less than right-handers (N = 30), performance was parallel across
      hemispheric conditions. Experiment II required semantic categorization, but not
      naming. The performance of the left-handers (N = 27) was indistinguishable from
      that of right-handers (N = 27) both in terms of overall performance and
      interhemispheric collaboration. It is concluded that the linguistic deficit of
      left-handers is specific to oral naming and that it is not caused by deviant
      interhemispheric cooperation.

PMID- 3692697
TI  - Brainstem auditory evoked magnetic fields in response to stimulation with brief
      tone pulses.
AB  - Brainstem auditory evoked magnetic fields evoked by monaural stimulation with
      Gaussian-modulated tone pulses were recorded in the parieto-occipital region of
      two normally hearing human subjects. Very small signals with an amplitude of 5-10
      fT were detectable only under optimal (with respect to selection of subjects,
      technique of stimulation, minimization of ambient and instrumental noise level,
      signal processing, etc.) experimental conditions. The most important findings are
      that: (a) different components of the magnetic signal show maxima at different
      recording positions over the scalp, and (b) the magnetic equivalent of the
      electric wave V exhibits a polarity reversal at symmetrical positions in both
      hemispheres.

PMID- 3692698
TI  - Biomagnetic measurements using squids.
AB  - Systematic studies of the magnetoencephalogram (MEG) in normal and pathological
      subjects (mainly with focal epilepsies) showed that the MEG may evidence
      significant brain activities even if they are not present in the
      electroencephalogram (EEG). They also showed that the MEG has a considerably
      higher spatial resolution than the EEG. A novel mapping technique was introduced
      to get such a representation of the data that would enable the investigator to
      draw his conclusions mainly from inspecting the plots. This technique is
      characterized by an isospectral amplitude (iso-SA) mapping of the scalp
      distribution of specified spectral components or frequency bands of the MEG power
      spectrum. With the above method we were able to localize an epileptiform focus
      using a noninvasive technique without applying an eliciting stimulus. Furthermore
      using SQUID measurements we were able to describe the behavior of the MEG when
      the brains of different subjects were subjected to low frequency sinusoidal
      binaural stimuli. Under these conditions it has been shown that the MEG tends to
      organize around discrete frequencies that depend on the interference pattern
      (beat) between the two inputs.

PMID- 3692700
TI  - Acute psychosis in a woman with a prolactinoma.
AB  - Changes in dopaminergic activity were inferred in a woman with a known
      prolactinoma several months prior to an acute psychotic episode. Serum prolactin
      levels reflected central dopaminergic activity, since both the endocrinologic
      regulation of prolactinomas and the pathophysiology of acute psychosis have been
      linked to alterations in dopaminergic activity. Serum prolactin levels fell
      approximately four months prior to onset of the psychotic episode and thus may
      have provided a predictive indicator of changing dopamine activity in both the
      tubero-infundibular and the mesolimbic-mesocortical dopaminergic systems.

PMID- 3692701
TI  - Endorectal cerebral evoked potentials in human.
AB  - Reproducible cerebral evoked responses have been recorded from the vertex in two
      men and one woman to endorectal electrical stimulation. The first component had a
      36 ms latency for the woman, and an average latency of 90 ms for the men.

PMID- 3692699
TI  - The pattern and habituation of the orienting response in man and rats.
AB  - Autonomic and central nervous indices of the orienting response (OR) were
      investigated in awake human subjects and sleeping rats. Ten acoustic stimuli of
      60 dB and two stimuli of 80 dB were presented for 10 s each with a constant
      interstimulus interval of 50 s. Responses were averaged across subjects for each
      single trial. An exponential fit to scores of each physiological variable was
      used to compare OR, habituation and dishabituation between samples and variables.
      An OR to the first stimulus, habituation of response amplitude, and
      dishabituation in response to the change in stimulus intensity were observed for
      event-related EEG desynchronization, a negative-positive evoked potential complex
      in humans and rats, as well as for skin conductance in humans. While heart rate
      did not show systematic changes across the 60 dB tones in both samples, a
      deceleration was observed in response to the first 80 dB tone. Results suggest
      comparable patterns of orienting to acoustic stimuli and habituation of the OR in
      the awake human and the sleeping rat, suggesting the possibility of OR as a
      unitary response. Species differed with respect to speed of habituation but not
      with respect to sensitivity towards stimulus change.

PMID- 3692703
TI  - Ergonomics in nursing.

PMID- 3692702
TI  - Early malnutrition and changes in the induced release of noradrenaline in the
      prefrontal cortex of adult rats.
AB  - The influence of early protein-energy malnutrition on the induced release of
      noradrenaline in the rat prefrontal cortex was studied: (i) by evaluating in vivo
      the release of the neurotransmitter as revealed by changes in the ability of
      pyramidal cells to integrate transient transmembrane currents generated by
      discrete packets of noradrenaline released by repetitive electrical stimulation
      of the locus coeruleus; and (ii) by measuring in vitro the potassium-induced
      release of 3H-noradrenaline in slices obtained from the brain frontal pole. Both
      electrophysiological and neurochemical data show that, in malnourished rats, weak
      stimulation produces an increased release, whereas strong stimulation results in
      a decreased release of the neurotransmitter. The results provide direct evidence
      that malnutrition alters the release of noradrenaline at the cortical level.
      Since the prefrontal cortex is involved in cognitive processing, the present
      results could provide functional evidence linking nutritional and behavioral
      deficits.

PMID- 3692704
TI  - Some anthropometric aspects of workstation design.
AB  - The anthropometric factors which should be taken into account, in the design of
      any product or environment, fall into four main areas: clearance, reach, posture
      and strength. A systematic approach to these questions is described and
      illustrated by reference to certain aspects of the design of hospital equipment.
      Current standards concerning hospital beds are discussed. The paper concludes
      with a brief consideration of lifting strength.

PMID- 3692705
TI  - Nursing's priorities set at New Zealand.
AB  - Thirteen resolutions to further nursing's immediate goals were made by delegates
      from 58 countries at ICN's meeting of the Council of National Representatives in
      Auckland, New Zealand, 10-14 August 1987. In keeping with ICN President Nelly
      Garzon's theme for her four-year term, most of the resolutions seek "justice" for
      both nurses and the public, attempting to help solve the problems of nurses
      working under unsafe conditions, of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
      victims, of war-affected children and of patients in general. President Garzon
      expressed her satisfaction with the work accomplished and her hope that the
      delegates carry out the policy decisions in their respective home countries.

PMID- 3692706
TI  - Primary health care in Canada: in praise of the nurse?
AB  - In Canada, as elsewhere, it has been agreed that primary health care (PHC) is
      needed, particularly for the underserved population. But the debate continues
      over which approach, what measures and who should be involved. To help find the
      answers, the Canadian Nurses Association presented a working paper already in
      1980 to the Canadian Government recommending changes in the health system and
      proposing various roles that nurses could play in formulating and implementing
      its national primary health policy and in November this year organized a two-day
      PHC workshop involving representatives from provincial councils and government as
      well as nurses. Below, two nurses teaching at the University of Ottawa's School
      of Nursing give their view on what should and could be done in Canada.

PMID- 3692707
TI  - Techniques for scatter and local photocoagulation treatment of diabetic
      retinopathy: Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Report no. 3. The Early
      Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group.

PMID- 3692708
TI  - Photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema: Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy
      Study Report no. 4. The Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research
      Group.

PMID- 3692709
TI  - Medical ethics: a special perspective.

PMID- 3692710
TI  - Patients, physicians seek minister's ethical advice.

PMID- 3692711
TI  - Increased emphasis on ethics at U of I.

PMID- 3692712
TI  - Hospital ethics committees.

PMID- 3692713
TI  - Organ donation in perspective.

PMID- 3692714
TI  - Genesis to Exodus.

PMID- 3692715
TI  - Placebos, humane medicine and the Mona Lisa.

PMID- 3692716
TI  - Iowa Department of Public Health. Conditional paramedic pilot project.

PMID- 3692717
TI  - Blueprint for a better system.

PMID- 3692718
TI  - A legislator looks at tort reform.

PMID- 3692719
TI  - Toe to hand transfer as an option for thumb reconstruction.

PMID- 3692720
TI  - Recent experience with Iowa maternal mortality review.

PMID- 3692721
TI  - Cultural literacy and the MCAT.

PMID- 3692722
TI  - Holiday hazards.

PMID- 3692723
TI  - The Governor's Alliance on Substance Abuse.

PMID- 3692724
TI  - Diversity of citrus tristeza virus isolates indicated by dsRNA analysis.
AB  - One major dsRNA of molecular weight (MW) 13.3 X 10(6) and two others (MW 1.9 X
      10(6) and 0.8 X 10(6] were routinely detected by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis in extracts from sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) or citron (Citrus
      medica) infected with each of 66 isolates of citrus tristeza virus (CTV). Several
      additional dsRNA were also commonly detected, usually as weakly stained bands in
      reproducible positions in gels, but some were very prominent, e.g., a dsRNA of MW
      1.7 X 10(6) associated with a seedling yellows isolate (sy-1). No dsRNA was
      detected in equivalent extracts from noninoculated sweet orange and citron. End
      labeled [32P] probes were made from purified full-length viral RNA or
      polyacrylamide gel-purified full-length dsRNA of a nonseedling yellows (nsy-1)
      and a seedling yellows (sy-1) isolate of CTV. Each of the four probes was able to
      hybridize to all major and most minor dsRNAs of both isolates in composite
      polyacrylamide/agrarose gels, including the 1.7 X 10(6) dsRNA specific to the
      seedling yellows isolate, and could readily detect CTV nucleic acid sequences in
      extracts from bark of infected sweet orange plants spotted onto nitrocellulose
      membranes. One dsRNA (MW 0.5 X 10(6] was very prominent in some isolates and much
      less so, or undetectable, in other isolates and 66 isolates have been screened
      for the presence of this dsRNA. There was a strong correlation between inability
      to detect the 0.5 X 10(6) dsRNA and the designation of an isolate as neither a
      seedling yellows type nor a stem pitting isolate of grapefruit; these properties
      were typical for isolates of CTV from southern California.

PMID- 3692725
TI  - Characterization of RNA polymerase associated with rice ragged stunt virus.
AB  - The RNA polymerase associated with rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV) was
      characterized. Activity was optimum at 35-40 degrees in 0.1 MTris-HC1 (pH 8.5)
      and 6-8 mMMgCl2. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine stimulated the activity about 5- to 6
      fold. It was also stimulated in the presence of chymotrypsin (200 micrograms/ml).
      The molecular weights of RNAs synthesized in vitro were calculated to be about
      half those of the respective genome segments. The synthesized RNAs hybridized to
      the genome RNAs, and the hybrids migrated identically to the genome RNAs in PAGE.
      These results indicate that RRSV particles transcribe full-length copies of the
      genome RNAs. The characteristics of the polymerase are discussed in relation to
      those of other members of the Reoviridae.

PMID- 3692726
TI  - Systemic vasculitis in a rheumatology unit over a two year period.

PMID- 3692727
TI  - The distribution of human tracheal cartilage chondrocytes.

PMID- 3692728
TI  - Intrathecal morphine in labour--efficacy and side effects.

PMID- 3692729
TI  - Complications of pregnancy following threatened abortion.

PMID- 3692730
TI  - Spontaneous reversion to sinus rhythm from long-standing atrial fibrillation.

PMID- 3692731
TI  - Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cardiac ascites: a case report.

PMID- 3692733
TI  - Lithotripsy: the end of renal stone surgery?

PMID- 3692732
TI  - How much should patients know?

PMID- 3692734
TI  - Drug prescribing in an Irish hospital.

PMID- 3692735
TI  - Impact of a hospital formulary on prescribing habits and drug costs.

PMID- 3692736
TI  - Home monitors and S.I.D.S.--practical problems.

PMID- 3692737
TI  - Prolonged singultus as a result of barbiturate toxicity.

PMID- 3692738
TI  - Traumatic dislocation of the hip in Rugby Union football.

PMID- 3692740
TI  - Epidemiology and preventive medicine: the Cuban experience.

PMID- 3692739
TI  - Risk of A.I.D.S. to health care workers.

PMID- 3692741
TI  - Is assisted suicide constitutionally protected?

PMID- 3692742
TI  - The law of assisted suicide.

PMID- 3692744
TI  - Blood pressure of children aged 3 to 5 years--the Nahariya Study.
AB  - A total of 974 preschool children aged 3 to 5 years in the city of Nahariya,
      Israel had their blood pressure measured during the 1983-84 school year. Charts
      of selected percentiles of blood pressure were developed, and distribution curves
      were drawn. Mean systolic pressure increased with age--though not significantly-
      in both sexes, and it tended to be higher in boys than in girls. The mean
      diastolic pressures increased slightly with age in both sexes, but no differences
      were found between boys and girls. The mean diastolic pressures in this survey
      were significantly lower than those reported in other studies, presumably because
      we used the fifth Korotkoff sound for determination of diastolic pressure instead
      of the fourth, as was done in most other studies. The percentiles of blood
      pressure in our study indicated for both sexes that systolic blood pressure above
      108 mm Hg at age 3, 110 mm Hg at age 4 and 112 mm Hg at age 5 and diastolic
      pressures above 62, 64 and 68 mm Hg, respectively, must be considered abnormal.

PMID- 3692743
TI  - Blood pressure assessment in children.

PMID- 3692745
TI  - Blood pressure measurement in children aged 6 to 15 years--the Nahariya Study.
AB  - A total of 5,323 school students aged 6 to 15 years in the city of Nahariya,
      Israel, had their blood pressure measured during the 1981-82 school year. Height,
      weight, sex, region of birth and parent's region of birth were also recorded.
      Charts containing selected percentiles of blood pressure were developed, and
      distribution curves were drawn. Mean systolic blood pressure increased with age
      in both sexes. The diastolic pressure, however, remained unchanged. The mean
      systolic pressures were slightly higher than those found in Bogalusa and than the
      pooled means published in the recent report of the Task Force on Blood Pressure
      Control in Children, but lower than those of most other studies. The diastolic
      pressures were higher than those of the Bogalusa study; they were slightly higher
      than the pooled means reported by the Task Force for children aged 6 to 9, and
      for above these ages they were lower by 3 to 7 mm Hg. The selected percentiles of
      both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in both sexes were lower than those in
      the charts published initially by the Task Force in 1977 but were very close to
      those published in their second report in 1987. The mean blood pressure levels
      were not associated with the parents' region of birth. A highly significant
      correlation between systolic blood pressure and body mass (as expressed by weight
      or Quetelet's index) was found.

PMID- 3692746
TI  - Blood pressure determinations in Israeli schoolchildren aged 5 to 14 years.
AB  - Blood pressure (BP) determinations were made by three physicians in 1,554 healthy
      Israeli schoolchildren aged 5 to 14 years, of whom 783 wer boys and 771 were
      girls. Subjects were divided into four groups according to ethnic origin:
      Yemenite--560, North African--357, Iraqi-Iranian--246, and European-American-
      391. There were no statistically significant differences in either systolic (S)
      or diastolic (D) BP between ethnic groups or between sexes. Comparing our data
      with those compiled by the United States Task Force on Blood Pressure Control in
      Children, we found that the SBP tended to be lower than in American children by
      about 10 mm Hg, while the DBP was lower by about 7 mm Hg. An additional 4,460
      children were examined by public health nurses, and 25 (0.6%) children were found
      to have a DBP above the 97th percentile for their age, and 46 (1.0%) children
      were found to have an SBP above the 97th percentile for their age. None of the
      children had an SBP or DBP exceeding the mean for their age by 2.5 SD, nor had
      any child any sign or symptom of high BP. Based on these results, we doubt the
      usefulness and cost-effectiveness of BP screening of children.

PMID- 3692747
TI  - Value of three annual blood pressure determinations in young adults as a
      predictor of elevated systolic blood pressure 15 years later.
AB  - The records of 726 male air force personnel aged 18 to 34 years in 1968 were
      searched for the results of examination of the systolic blood pressure (SBP) in
      1968 and during the following 15 years ending in 1983. An elevated recent blood
      pressure (BP), defined as an SBP greater than or equal to 140 mm Hg on two or
      more of the last three follow-up examinations, done 13, 14, and 15 years after
      entry, was found in 3.2% of the cohort. An elevated recent BP was found in 12% of
      those with an SBP greater than or equal to 140 mm Hg on the first examination, in
      31.7% (13 of 41 individuals) of those with an SBP greater than or equal to 140 mm
      Hg on two or more of the three initial annual examinations, and in 46.2% (6 of 13
      men) of those with an SBP greater than or equal to 140 mm Hg on all three initial
      examinations. It is concluded that three annual determinations of SBP are better
      predictors of elevated SBP than a single causal BP measurement on entry. Still,
      their predictive value remains limited; 49% of those with an SBP greater than or
      equal to 140 mm Hg on two or more of the three initial annual examinations had a
      normal SBP on all of the last three annual examinations.

PMID- 3692748
TI  - Exercise testing in juvenile borderline hypertension.
AB  - Exercise testing has emerged as an important method for improved evaluation of
      the cardiovascular system. However, juvenile patients presenting resting
      borderline hypertension have not been extensively studied. Therefore, this study
      evaluated the response to exercise in this group of patients. Nine hundred men
      aged 16 to 29 years performed a multistage near-maximal exercise test. The
      control group consisted of 338 age- and weight-matched, asymptomatic, healthy,
      normotensive individuals. Mean physical working capacity (+/- SD) was 129 +/- 28
      W (82 +/- 18% of the normal according to our standardization) in the hypertension
      group, and 153 +/- 29 W (102 +/- 18%) in the control group (P less than 0.001).
      Mean systolic blood pressures at termination of exercise were 181 +/- 25 and 164
      +/- 25 mm Hg in the hypertensive and the control groups, respectively; the mean
      diastolic values at termination of exercise were 49 +/- 32 and 32 +/- 29 mm Hg,
      respectively. The magnitude of the changes in blood pressure from rest to near
      maximal values was smaller in the borderline-hypertensive individuals demonstrate
      a clear hypertensive pattern of reaction to physical activity, thus emphasizing
      the importance of exercise testing as part of the routine workup of such
      patients. The relationship between borderline hypertension and the risk of
      myocardial events has been established, and early hygienic or even
      pharmacological measures are necessary.

PMID- 3692749
TI  - A prospective epidemiologic study of shigellosis in the Israel Defense Forces:
      implications for the use of shigella vaccines.
AB  - Recent development of new shigella vaccines has renewed interest in the current
      epidemiology of shigellosis in endemic regions. A prospective epidemiologic study
      of 5,774 soldiers was carried out in the Israel Defense Forces, between the
      months of May and September 1984. Shigellosis was found to be responsible for
      half the diarrhea epidemics and only rarely presented as sporadic cases of
      diarrhea. The epidemics occurred after exposure to field conditions, whereas
      under fixed military base conditions the finding of a case of shigellosis
      generally was not associated with an epidemic spread of the disease. It was
      concluded that, in this population, effective shigella vaccines may provide an
      important means of preventing epidemics of shigellosis in military units
      operating outside of permanent bases.

PMID- 3692750
TI  - Use of the Israeli Standardized Denver Developmental Screening Test in the
      maternal and child health services--assessment of its predictive value.
AB  - The translated version of the Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) for
      screening a total population of infants at 6 months of age was used in the
      Maternal and Child Health Services of the Department of Social Medicine. The
      failure rate was 18%. In subsequent birth cohorts, the Israeli Standardized
      Denver Developmental Screening Test (IDDST) was applied, and the failure rate was
      3%. The results of 176 infants tested with the IDDST were transcribed on the DDST
      forms. Sensitivity and predictive values were appraised in relation to the
      developmental quotient (DQ) at age 2 as assessed by the Brunet-Lezine
      Developmental Test. Using a cutoff point of 2 SD below the mean DQ as the
      criterion, sensitivity and predictive value were 25 and 13%, respectively. The
      sensitivity and predictive value of the IDDST increased when the cutoff point was
      changed to -1 SD. The biserial correlation coefficient between the DDST at 6
      months of age and the DQ score at 2 years was 0.37 and that between the IDDST and
      the DQ was 0.28. The predictive value of infant tests and the need for
      reevaluation of the IDDST for 6-month-old infants is discussed.

PMID- 3692751
TI  - Improved renal function following acute peritoneal dialysis in patients with
      intractable congestive heart failure.
AB  - Nine patients, six men and three women, 40 to 73 years of age, were included in
      the study. All of the patients had severe heart failure refractory to aggressive
      therapy including digitalis, diuretics, and vasodilators. Eight patients
      underwent one treatment of peritoneal dialysis while the remaining patient
      received two dialyses. The urine output was measured by an indwelling catheter;
      glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was determined by creatinine and inulin
      clearance, and renal blood flow (RBF) was determined by sodium paraamino
      hippurate (PAH) clearance. Following one peritoneal dialysis, the mean fluid
      loss/patient was 3,995 ml (range 3,200 to 5,100 ml). Dialysis was generally well
      tolerated. One patient, who had underlying hepatic cirrhosis and underwent two
      dialyses, developed hepatic failure and died 10 days after the second dialysis.
      At postmortem, peritonitis was discovered. All of the patients showed a marked
      subjective and objective clinical improvement. The mean plasma urea decreased
      from 154 to 71 mg/dl (P less than 0.005), and mean plasma creatinine decreased
      from 1.83 to 1.13 mg/dl (P less than 0.005). Blood pH was 7.30 before dialysis
      and increased to 7.37 (P less than 0.0125) after treatment. Mean urine output
      predialysis was 955 ml and increased to 1,472 ml post dialysis (P less than
      0.0005). Creatinine clearance increased from 35 to 73 ml/min (P less than
      0.0005). The mean inulin clearance increased from 33 ml/min predialysis to 69
      ml/min post dialysis (P less than 0.0005), and mean PAH clearance increased from
      96.7 to 362.5 ml/min (P less than 0.0005). Acute peritoneal dialysis is a safe
      and effective means for removing large quantities of excess fluid from patients
      with intractable heart failure.

PMID- 3692752
TI  - Identical growth hormone-stimulating potency in man of GH-RH1-29 and GH-RH1-44.

PMID- 3692753
TI  - Delirium tremens with meningismus.

PMID- 3692754
TI  - Pernicious anemia in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 3692755
TI  - Air-conditioned plaster casts.

PMID- 3692757
TI  - Neonatal septicemia caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci.

PMID- 3692756
TI  - A comparative moral approach to suicide--a Jewish perspective.
AB  - Suicide is a statistically significant cause of death, constituting an alarming
      public health problem. Many countries, therefore, have acknowledged the necessity
      to create special centers for the prevention of suicide. There is a moral
      conflict between the principle of autonomy and the value of life in the case of
      suicide. This can be resolved in several ways: 1) autonomy should be considered
      as a categorical imperative and as an absolute principle, hence overriding even
      the value of life; 2) suicide should be regarded, prima facie, as a noncompetent
      decision, thus being in no conflict with the principle of autonomy; 3) the value
      of life nullifies the principle of autonomy; thus, when free will is used for the
      destruction of life, it should be entirely relinquished. Judaism endorses the
      last interpretation of the relationship between free will and destruction of
      life. It strictly forbids suicide, based on theological considerations, regarding
      such an act as one of the gravest of sins. The educational impact of such a
      philosophy may favorably contribute to the efforts devoted to the prevention of
      suicide. By contrast, those attributing absolute importance to the principle of
      autonomy may have contributed to the increasing rate of suicide in the Western
      world. It was already stated by a contemporary philosopher that the degree of
      rationality of the suicide act depends on the degree of the philosophy guiding
      the person's deliberations.

PMID- 3692758
TI  - Center for Medical Education.

PMID- 3692759
TI  - Biochemistry and more.

PMID- 3692760
TI  - Epidemiology teaching: prospects and problems.

PMID- 3692761
TI  - Early clinical program for novice medical students: 13 years' experience at Ben
      Gurion University of the Negev.

PMID- 3692762
TI  - The fluctuating fortunes of the behavioral sciences.

PMID- 3692763
TI  - The community-oriented primary care clerkship.

PMID- 3692764
TI  - Problem-based clinical confrontation modules planned and conducted by students.
AB  - A course has been described which attempts to introduce clinical relevancy to the
      basic science knowledge. It has been demonstrated how senior students' feedback
      about curricular shortcomings can be redirected to their constructive
      participation in the educational process. The described Clinical Confrontation
      course develops problem-solving skills and self-learning habits in the learners
      while they are processing and rearranging prior knowledge. At the same time, both
      the scientific base of medicine and the internal logic of the disciplines are
      preserved.

PMID- 3692765
TI  - Emergency care curriculum of the Beer Sheva Medical School.

PMID- 3692766
TI  - Lacunae in the educational program.

PMID- 3692767
TI  - Has the quality of the health care process in the Negev improved?

PMID- 3692768
TI  - Division of health in the community: development, structure and function.

PMID- 3692769
TI  - Administration of the Ben-Gurion University Center for Health Sciences and
      Services.

PMID- 3692770
TI  - The challenge: child health in the Negev.

PMID- 3692771
TI  - Geriatrics in the framework of university-based community medicine.

PMID- 3692772
TI  - The graduates (Bogrim) project--my experience in Netivot.

PMID- 3692773
TI  - Community-oriented primary care provided by internists and pediatricians--the
      example of Yerucham.

PMID- 3692774
TI  - Pioneering and settlement in health services: a case study.

PMID- 3692775
TI  - Community Health Activists Program: a new model of community health involvement.

PMID- 3692776
TI  - The Negev Primary Care Project: practical continuation of the Beer Sheva
      experiment in medical education.

PMID- 3692777
TI  - The Ben-Gurion University graduate profile: an evaluation study.

PMID- 3692779
TI  - The Beer Sheva experiment: an interim assessment.

PMID- 3692778
TI  - And now: what about the future?

PMID- 3692780
TI  - Coexistence: the rationale of the Beer Sheva experiment.

PMID- 3692781
TI  - The curriculum: a 13-year perspective.

PMID- 3692782
TI  - Academic promotions in the University Center for Health Sciences and Services.

PMID- 3692783
TI  - Medical student selection at the Ben-Gurion University of the Negev.

PMID- 3692784
TI  - Teacher training and faculty development in medical education.
AB  - Many components of the described teacher-training program are implemented
      elsewhere (2, 4, 6, 8, 16); however, two features of the BGU program, when
      combined, make it unique. One is the timewise hierarchical structure, which
      enables gradual acquisition of instructional skills, progressing from generic to
      specific (9) and from curricular generalities to particulars of a course and of a
      lesson. The teacher him/herself determines the pacing. Opportunities to implement
      already acquired skills precede the development of additional ones. Moreover, the
      program acknowledges individual differences, and thus offers a variety of themes
      and training methods to fit personal needs and expectations. The second feature
      is the emphasis placed throughout the program on the motivational aspects.
      Indeed, the term "training" becomes alien to the program. Its very essence is to
      create personal involvement of every trainee on both emotional and practical
      levels. The individual is guided to become a member in a multidisciplinary team,
      working together towards an understandable and worthwhile cause. The involvement
      of the teachers is encouraged and welcomed. When this feeling is combined with
      the realization that education is a discipline in its own right, a feeling of
      belonging to both the institution and to the teaching profession arises. Such
      feelings might well be a prerequisite for any educational innovation (7). The
      high proportion of educational leaders who emerged from the program illustrates
      these two features. Personal growth and institutional development are
      intertwined. The BGU training program has been rigorously evaluated and has
      proven to be effective. However, continuous assessment must be instituted and
      maintained. Such formative evaluation may also meet the requirement of an ongoing
      on-the-job reinforcement (17). Nevertheless, BGU cannot yet afford further
      expansion of the program--this will have to wait for the graduation of the fourth
      phase trainees.

PMID- 3692785
TI  - Student-faculty interactions: a model of active student participation.

PMID- 3692786
TI  - The debriefing method of curriculum evaluation: 13 years' experience.

PMID- 3692788
TI  - Focus on nursing: looking toward the future.

PMID- 3692787
TI  - Computer adaptive testing update.

PMID- 3692789
TI  - Adolescent suicidal behavior.

PMID- 3692791
TI  - Mechanical behaviour of two types of vertebral distractors submitted to
      compression-flexion tests.
AB  - The authors submitted two different types of vertebral distractors to compression
      flexion tests in order to assess their biomechanical behaviour. By using special
      devices it was possible to simulate the load to which these methods are subjected
      after insertion into a tract of the spinal column. The aim was to determine the
      mechanical resistance and in particular, the yielding load, namely the amount of
      load beyond which the distractor is deformed, thus losing its initial
      characteristics. Our study showed that these methods of distraction possess the
      qualities of stability, strength and elasticity.

PMID- 3692790
TI  - Radiological study of bone changes in the foot in chronic renal insufficiency.
AB  - The authors report the results of a radiological evaluation of the foot in 18
      patients affected with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI). After discussing the
      bone changes considered to be "typical" of renal osteodystrophy, they analyse the
      trabecular system, in which they distinguish three degrees of change. If these
      finer changes are taken into account a high incidence of bony alteration is
      observed in CRI (84%). The biomechanics and static stresses of the foot are
      discussed, based on the presupposition that the anatomofunctional features of
      this part of the skeletal system could influence the grade and progression of the
      bony alterations. However, no such association was observed, nor was there any
      correlation between the radiographic changes and the clinical symptomatology.

PMID- 3692792
TI  - Pachydermoperiostosis. A case report.
AB  - A case of pachydermoperiostosis observed over a period of 4 years in a man aged
      19 is reported. Its clinical features are described; these place it in the
      "incomplete" group, according to the classification of Touraine et al.. The
      authors also discuss the diagnostic criteria and the differential diagnosis from
      Pierre Marie disease, Ribing's syndrome, van Buchem's syndrome and acromegaly.

PMID- 3692793
TI  - Contrast arthrography in symptomatic varus knees.
AB  - The authors carried out a study of contrast arthrography in 48 cases of primary
      genu varum, i.e. not secondary to trauma or to pathological conditions of the hip
      or foot. The patients all had symptoms and were classified according to the
      commonly used Trillat-Dejour method into four groups or stages depending on the
      degree of varus and the radiographic and arthrographic findings. Associated
      lesions secondary to the basic pathology were observed in all cases. These ranged
      from hypertrophic synovitis to torn medial or lateral menisci up to total
      compromise of the joint typical of stage 4 arthritic varus knee. In these
      patients, contrast arthrography is useful in planning surgery, particularly high
      tibial osteotomy. It also enables the surgeon to decide whether complementary
      intra-articular measures are indicated without having to resort to arthroscopy.
      This is always a more invasive method, necessitating general anaesthesia, as
      these knees are quite painful and the arthroscopic access is difficult.

PMID- 3692794
TI  - The treatment of unreduced dislocation of the shoulder. A review of 12 cases.
AB  - The clinical and radiographic features and the results of treatment are analysed
      in 12 cases of shoulder dislocation (5 anterior and 7 posterior) in which the
      dislocation had been present for periods ranging from 3 weeks to 6 months. The
      follow-up ranged from 9 months to 16 years. Anterior dislocations are easily
      diagnosed on anteroposterior radiographs. Posterior dislocations may be suspected
      clinically because of the position of the limb in internal rotation and loss of
      external rotation, but can easily be missed on A.P. films, which show only a
      flattened appearance of the humeral head. A definite diagnosis is obtained only
      with a lateral (axillary) projection. All the anterior dislocations in our series
      were uncomplicated, but 4 of the posterior dislocations were associated with
      fractures of the humeral head and/or the greater tuberosity. Two of the 5
      anterior dislocations were treated with physiotherapy and remedial exercises
      alone, while 2 were successfully reduced by manipulation; in the only patient
      submitted to surgery, ablation of the humeral head was performed. Results were
      excellent in one of the 2 patients treated with physiokinesitherapy where
      dislocation had been reduced spontaneously (the only such case described in the
      literature), and in one of the two cases submitted to nonoperative reduction of
      the dislocation. Results were good in the second patient subjected to
      nonoperative reduction and in the patient operated on. All 7 cases of posterior
      dislocation were treated surgically: in 3 cases the dislocation was reduced, in
      one the humeral head was removed, in one a partial shoulder prosthesis was
      applied, and in 2 cases the whole of the proximal extremity of the humerus was
      resected. In the latter 2 cases the results were poor and fair respectively,
      while in the remaining cases the results were good. The best surgical treatment
      of inveterate dislocations is reduction of the dislocation, which in the
      posterior forms requires a wide antero-supero-posterior approach. The alternative
      to surgical reduction is the application of a shoulder prosthesis, the result of
      which (as in resection of the humeral head) is related to the integrity of the
      greater tuberosity and the rotator cuff.

PMID- 3692795
TI  - The treatment of fractures of the acetabulum involving both anterior and
      posterior columns.
AB  - Over a period of 20 years, 35 cases of fracture of the acetabulum involving both
      columns were treated by operation in our unit. These were followed up after a
      minimum of 8 to a maximum of 20 years. The Iselin approach, even when extended
      forwards by partial disinsertion of the gluteal muscles, allowed good reduction
      only when there was little or no displacement of the ilio-pubic column. In the
      other cases, it was necessary to use a combined anterior and posterior approach,
      or the Letournel approach, but the latter was reserved for cases with very severe
      displacement or comminution of the fragments when it is essential to have access
      and control of the iliac and acetabular complex in its entirety. The clinical and
      radiographic results of fractures involving both columns are not unlike those
      observed in other complex fractures of the pelvis: good reduction and
      osteosynthesis is synonymous with good function even in the long term.

PMID- 3692796
TI  - Segmental shortening and equalization for leg length discrepancies in adults.
AB  - The authors report 8 cases of leg length discrepancy in young adults, treated
      surgically by shortening or equalization techniques. The ages ranged from 16 to
      35 years and the discrepancy from 2.5 to 12 cm. Three techniques were used;
      subtrochanteric femoral shortening (4 cases), equalization by shortening one
      femur and lengthening the other at the same operation (2 cases), diaphyseal "Z"
      osteotomy with shortening (2 cases - one femur, one tibia). The average time to
      consolidation was 3.4 months. Full weightbearing was allowed at 2 to 6 months
      depending on the method used. The only complication was one case of mild,
      transitory weakness of the extensors of the foot. The discrepancy was completely
      equalized in 2 cases; in the remainder the residual discrepancy was from 0.5 to 2
      cm. The average shortening per case was 3.8 cm. There was secondary lumbar
      scoliosis in 5 cases; this improved by an average of 12 degrees after operation
      and lumbar pain was always relieved. All the patients declared themselves
      satisfied with the results.

PMID- 3692797
TI  - Arthroprosthesis of the hip at 12 to 16 year follow-up. A clinical and
      radiographic study of 17 cases.
AB  - A clinical and radiographic study of prosthetic replacement of the hip with a
      very long follow-up permitted us to evaluate the various factors influencing the
      long-term stability of this arthroprosthesis. Seventeen patients who underwent
      this operation during the 15 year period from 1969 to 1973 were reviewed
      clinically (using a points system adopted in our Clinic), and radiographically
      after periods ranging from 12 to 16 years. There was a reassuringly high
      proportion (72%) of excellent or good results. The metaphyseal cementation of the
      stem and the support of the collar were two particularly interesting features
      observed in this study. This accords with modern concepts of the biomechanics of
      hip arthroprosthesis.

PMID- 3692798
TI  - Supraintercondylar fractures of the humerus--treatment by the Vigliani
      osteosynthesis.
AB  - Nineteen cases of supraintercondylar fractures of the humerus treated by the
      Vigliani osteosynthesis technique are described. This consists of wide
      transolecranon exposure of the fracture, stabilisation of the epiphyseal
      fragments with a transcondylar screw, and of the metaphyseo-epiphyseal junction
      with two condylo-diaphyseal "Eiffel Tower" Kirschner wires. The ulnar nerve is
      transposed anteriorly and the operation is carried out early in order to prevent
      neural disturbances and intra and/or periarticular ossification. The results
      confirm the validity of this method, which respects the delicate structure of
      this part of the humerus. Postoperative plaster is necessary as an indispensable
      complement to "minimum" osteosynthesis but this is quite free from risk. The
      importance of careful and gradual mobilisation of the elbow is also confirmed.
      Finally, this method combines the advantages of stable osteosynthesis in
      compression (screw and nut) at the epiphyseal site, with those of elastic
      osteosynthesis (Kirschner wires) at the metaphyseo-epiphyseal junction.

PMID- 3692799
TI  - New outlooks in the treatment of osteogenesis imperfecta. An unusual case
      successfully treated by the Ilizarov method.
AB  - The authors describe a rare case of osteogenesis imperfecta in a patient aged 29
      years affected with equal deformities of the lower extremities. In the right
      tibia a pseudarthrosis due to a fatigue fracture had occurred at the apex of the
      deformity. Treatment by the traditional methods posed serious problems, both
      technical and from the point of view of repair of the pseudarthrosis and the
      trophic changes. These problems were solved by using the Ilizarov compression
      extension apparatus.

PMID- 3692800
TI  - Dynamic cerclage in traumatology.
AB  - "Dynamic cerclage", better known by its German name "Zugurtung", is a technique
      of osteosynthesis which uses movement to obtain physiological compression at the
      fracture site in order to accelerate the process of repair. Applied by Pauwels as
      early as 1935, and later by Muller et al., 1970 and the Swiss A.O. group, it is
      still relatively little known despite its value. The author has extended its
      application to various parts of the skeleton and presents his experience which
      extends over more than 15 years.

PMID- 3692801
TI  - Subungual exostosis. Histological and clinical considerations on 30 cases.
AB  - The authors review 30 cases of subungual exostosis, 27 in the foot and 3 in the
      hand. In approximately 80% of the cases, errors in initial diagnosis had been
      made, and the affection had been confused with ordinary verrucae, mycoses or
      pyogenic disease. Histological examination showed that in some cases the
      neoformation ossified by an enchondral mechanism similar to that of
      osteocartilaginous exostosis, while more often the mechanism was of the
      intramembranous or mixed type. The treatment consisted of resection of the
      exostosis at its base after removing the nail. Complete healing occurred in all
      cases.

PMID- 3692802
TI  - A communal vision of care for incompetent patients.
AB  - In a pluralistic society, the "best interests" standard is an inadequate
      criterion for determining what level of medical care to provide incompetent
      patients.Instead, the standard of care should be derived from the deliberations
      of particular communities. A "community-federated" plan would enhance individual
      choice and diminish family and physician uncertainty.

PMID- 3692803
TI  - Terminating treatment: age as a standard.

PMID- 3692804
TI  - In thunder, lightning or in rain: what three doctors can do.

PMID- 3692806
TI  - Can hospitals have moral objections?

PMID- 3692805
TI  - The aftermath of Baby M: proposed state laws on surrogate motherhood.

PMID- 3692807
TI  - Interviews and informed consent.

PMID- 3692808
TI  - 'Abortion pill' RU 486: ethics, rhetoric, and social practice.
AB  - RU 486, an experimental drug to terminate early pregnancy, raises again the
      fundamental questions about the status of the early embryo: What are the morally
      relevant similarities and differences among contraception, early abortion and
      late abortion? And how does language affect both our social practices and
      attitudes concerning those social practices?

PMID- 3692810
TI  - Re: Osteoporosis.

PMID- 3692809
TI  - In death's shadow: the meanings of withholding resuscitation.
AB  - Many of the controversies surrounding the withholding of resuscitation are
      illuminated when we examine the language of resuscitation and resuscitative
      decisionmaking, and the contexts in which these decisions are made. Resuscitation
      and its withholding have multiple and often conflicting symbolic and emotional
      meanings for patients, families, and clinicians, and recognizing this divergence
      is essential to communication and to decisionmaking.

PMID- 3692811
TI  - Physicians play crucial role in fight against AIDS.

PMID- 3692812
TI  - Traumatic aorto-pulmonary artery fistula.

PMID- 3692813
TI  - Resection of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms in St. Petersburg, Florida.

PMID- 3692814
TI  - HMA testimony to Senate Judiciary Committee on Medical Malpractice Insurance,
      July 1987.

PMID- 3692815
TI  - Nerves and vessels in the pterygopalatine fossa and symptoms of cluster headache.

PMID- 3692816
TI  - The thermographically observed effects of hyperoxia on vascular headache patients
      and non-headache individuals.

PMID- 3692818
TI  - Greater occipital neuralgia: an unusual presenting feature of neurosyphilis.

PMID- 3692817
TI  - Reduced activity of the NK cells from patients with cluster headache and the "in
      vitro" response to beta-interferon.

PMID- 3692819
TI  - Hypermetabolic disorders presenting as headache with anxiety and depression.

PMID- 3692820
TI  - Complete external ophthalmoplegia in a case of pseudotumor cerebri.

PMID- 3692821
TI  - Elevated frequency of HLA shared-haplotypes in migraine families.

PMID- 3692822
TI  - Transient cortical contrast enhancement on CT scan in migraine.

PMID- 3692823
TI  - Propranolol ... not guilty.

PMID- 3692824
TI  - Still more on ergotamine withdrawal.

PMID- 3692825
TI  - On diagnosing "migraine".

PMID- 3692826
TI  - Turtle headaches and Parkinson's disease.

PMID- 3692827
TI  - Severe headaches in the African: report on 250 cases from Sierra Leone, West
      Africa.

PMID- 3692828
TI  - Treatment of complicated migraine with sublingual nifedipine.

PMID- 3692829
TI  - A case of hemiplegic migraine treated with flunarizine.

PMID- 3692830
TI  - Internal ophthalmoplegia in complicated migraine: a case report.

PMID- 3692831
TI  - Group and menstrual phase effect in reported headaches among college students.

PMID- 3692832
TI  - Cervicogenic headache--the clinical picture, radiological findings and hypotheses
      on its pathophysiology.

PMID- 3692833
TI  - Seizures in migraine: warning of an underlying cerebral infarction?

PMID- 3692834
TI  - Pentazocine in migraine: subjective and pupillary abnormal effects.

PMID- 3692835
TI  - Cluster headache after head injury.

PMID- 3692836
TI  - TIA's, migraine and platelets.

PMID- 3692837
TI  - Nasal plug as an aid for cluster headaches.

PMID- 3692838
TI  - Migraine with muscular aura.

PMID- 3692839
TI  - Age/sex registers: how long do they take and how much do they cost to prepare?

PMID- 3692840
TI  - The use of short-stay wards. A survey of 1,000 admissions.

PMID- 3692841
TI  - The utilisation of anaesthetic services.

PMID- 3692842
TI  - Sexual orientation, degree of sexual mixing and presence of antibody to human
      immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) in a group of patients counselled in connection
      with possible HIV infection. A preliminary note for the period November 1985
      September 1986.

PMID- 3692843
TI  - The rising caesarean section rate--a year's audit to assess the trend.

PMID- 3692844
TI  - Medical staffing in the National Health Service in Scotland and junior hospital
      doctors' 'promotion prospects'.

PMID- 3692845
TI  - Perinatal mortality in Scotland, 1986.

PMID- 3692846
TI  - The Chief Scientist reports...theoretical problems and practical solutions to
      behaviour disorders in retarded people.

PMID- 3692847
TI  - Hospital acquisition or management contract: a theory of strategic choice.
AB  - Differences in the mission of the hospital and the multihospital system are key
      elements underlying the development of a management contract. Preliminary
      analysis suggests that the number of potential new acquisitions is severely
      limited, that contract management is not a stepping stone to acquisition, and
      that many recent management contracts appear to be attempts to overcome problems
      beyond the hospital's and the contractor's direct control.

PMID- 3692848
TI  - Improving health care productivity through high-performance managerial
      development.
AB  - High-performance managerial development improves productivity by promoting a
      better use of human resources. The approach offers well-focused strategies useful
      to any health care manager.

PMID- 3692849
TI  - Using managerial role motivation theory to predict career success.
AB  - Managerial role motivation theory has proved to be useful for understanding
      executive performance in a wide range of highly structured organizational
      environments. Consistent results of studies indicate that the theory may be
      useful for understanding managerial behavior and predicting performance in health
      care organizations.

PMID- 3692850
TI  - Profit and entrepreneurship in health care.

PMID- 3692851
TI  - HCMR interview: Edward McCauley and William Yates. Interview by Montague Brown
      and Barbara P. McCool.

PMID- 3692852
TI  - A new perspective on multiinstitutional systems management.
AB  - To negotiate acceptable environmental accommodations, multiinstitutional systems
      undertake four types of solutions or transformations: environmental
      manipulations, internal process modifications, strategic modifications, and most
      drastically, total reconfigurations. It is helpful to examine the determining
      factors of these transformations and to look at which types of management use
      which transformations.

PMID- 3692853
TI  - [Congenital nevus cell nevi of the skin--a nomenclatural and therapeutic
      problem].
AB  - The alarming increase in the incidence of malignant melanomas has caused interest
      to be focused on some of the precursors or tumor markers, such as dysplastic nevi
      or congenital nevocytic nevi. Both clinically and histologically, as well as by
      the incidence of malignancy, three groups of congenital nevocytic nevi may be
      distinguished. Small nevi (diameter less than 1.5 cm) are frequent, but it
      remains to be elucidated whether they involve an increased risk of malignancy. On
      the basis of differences in potential malignancy the larger congenital nevocytic
      nevi may be subdivided into two forms. Malignant melanomas occur more frequently
      and earlier in life in large nevi (diameter greater than 20 cm) compared with
      medium-sized nevi (diameter 1.5-20 cm). Medium-sized congenital nevi can usually
      be removed without considerable problems. In very large nevi, however, surgical
      treatment is more difficult. Since the risks involved in performing radical
      surgery in children may bear no relationship to possible benefits, repeated
      clinical examinations, detailed photographic documentation and immediate excision
      of any suspicious skin areas must be undertaken in such patients.

PMID- 3692854
TI  - [Epidermodysplasia verruciformis-like genodermatosis with changes in the nails].
AB  - Nine cases of genodermatosis are described, in which the clinical symptoms and
      light-microscope findings resembled those in epidermodysplasia verruciformis
      (Lewandowsky-Lutz disease). All had alterations of the fingernails and toenails.
      Viruses were not found in a excised skin lesions or in the fingernail clipping
      from the patients. The mode of inheritance of the dermatosis seems to be X
      chromosomal and dominant. It is the opinion of the authors that this dermatosis
      is separate entity from epidermodysplasia verruciformis.

PMID- 3692855
TI  - [Hypotrichosis congenita hereditaria Marie Unna with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and
      atopy].
AB  - A family suffering from hypotrichosis congenita hereditaria Marie Unna is
      reported (16 members affected in five generations). The typical symptoms of this
      autosomal dominant syndrome were found: pili torti, canaliculi et trianguli,
      inborn generalized hypotrichosis, later on resulting in alopecia of the
      androgenetic type. A 19-year-old female patient with hyperandrogenemia was
      treated with cyproterone acetate and ethinyl estradiol. Furthermore,
      hypotrichosis was associated with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and atopic symptoms in
      the last three generations of the family. There does not seem to be any genetic
      connection between the syndromes however.

PMID- 3692856
TI  - [Multiple capillary aneurysms].
AB  - Recurrent eruptions of small, black nodules resembling metastases of malignant
      melanoma in a 64-year-old male patient with diabetes mellitus are reported.
      Clinically, the lesions seemed to be angiomas. Histological examination revealed
      capillary aneurysms. To date there has been no spontaneous regression. Sclerosing
      injections or compression therapy had no effect. Only total excision of lesions
      was successful. The etiology of the disease is unknown. The patient had diabetic
      retinopathy with increased plasma levels of cholesterol.

PMID- 3692857
TI  - [Transient vision loss caused by scandicaine with added arterenol in the excision
      of basalioma of the side of the nose].
AB  - In facial dermatosurgery, the addition of sympathomimetics to local anaesthetics
      produces a desirable topical effect by creating an almost bloodless operation
      field due to transitory vasoconstriction. In an 87-year-old woman suffering from
      a meningioma that had caused blindness of the left eye, a basal-cell carcinoma
      was removed from the right side of the nose. The local anaesthetic contained
      noradrenaline at a concentration of 1:50,000. After the operation, the patient
      complained of headache and a transient loss of vision. We suggest that
      noradrenaline caused vasoconstriction of the arteria centralis retinae via
      arterial periorbital anastomoses. Patients with severe vision disorders should be
      considered a risk group, in whom sympathomimetics should not be added to local
      anaesthetics used in skin surgery of the middle and upper face.

PMID- 3692858
TI  - [Green lacewing larvae (Chrysopidae) as accidental ectoparasites of the human].
AB  - The larvae of green lacewings (Chrysopidae) may occasionally attack man as
      temporary ectoparasites, causing papular reactions similar to those produced by
      gnat bites.

PMID- 3692859
TI  - [Segmental pigment anomaly with neurologic disorders].
AB  - A 28-year-old female patient who developed an asymmetrically localized
      depigmentation on the right arm and on the right side of the trunk shortly after
      birth is presented. The depigmented areas with hyperpigmented macules within them
      had not changed in shape or extent since their development. At the age of 18
      years, neurological alterations (hyporeflexy, sensory deficiencies, muscle
      atrophy and paralysis) were also observed. Ultrastructural investigations
      revealing the lack of melanocytes in the depigmented areas and the presence of
      atypical melanosomes in the hyperpigmented macules indicate a rare pigmentation
      disorder.

PMID- 3692860
TI  - [Position of the German Society for Control of Venereal Disease on HIV
      infection].

PMID- 3692861
TI  - [Acquired cutis laxa (elastolysis generalisata)].

PMID- 3692863
TI  - Comparison of questionnaires determining patient satisfaction with medical care.
AB  - This study compares the results of previously developed patient satisfaction
      questionnaires which quantitatively assessed the personal attitudes of 59
      patients toward their medical care. These patients, hospitalized for acute
      myocardial infarction, were admitted to the intensive care unit of a community
      hospital in southern Ontario, Canada. The questionnaires were completed by these
      patients at four and six months post-myocardial infarction. This quantitative
      assessment of patient satisfaction, as indicated by Hulka and Ware
      questionnaires, provided data to compare the relative effectiveness of these
      questionnaires in measuring satisfaction. Generally, these questionnaires were
      reliable (r = .64, r = .59) and evidence of criterion concurrent validity was
      noted (r = .75-.81). Both questionnaires have comparable results concerning the
      prevalence of dissatisfaction (0-7 percent).

PMID- 3692862
TI  - Do cardiologists have higher thresholds for recommending coronary arteriography
      than family physicians?
AB  - The purpose of this study was to use a new model of decision making to understand
      variability in physicians' utilization of diagnostic tests. We studied
      physicians' recommendations for coronary arteriography in hypothetical patients
      with chest pain by analyzing responses of 235 cardiologists and family
      physicians. Thresholds for testing were derived by obtaining estimates of the
      probability of disease and recommendations for coronary arteriography before and
      after an exercise test. We found that cardiologists compared with family
      practitioners had a significantly higher decision threshold and recommended
      coronary arteriography in fewer patients. These findings suggest that analyzing
      physicians' decision-making thresholds may be used to characterize differences in
      the practice behavior of groups of physicians.

PMID- 3692864
TI  - An ethical, just approach to public health in general, and health education in
      particular.

PMID- 3692865
TI  - Inventorying community health promotion and risk reduction services: Virginia's
      approach.
AB  - Early in this decade the U.S. Centers for Disease Control gave a mandate to
      states receiving Health Education/Risk Reduction Funds (HERR) to inventory health
      promotion and risk reduction services. This article reports on the findings of
      the Northern Virginia Inventorying Project, in which an existing service
      classification system in use in a health planning district serving over one
      million people was modified to permit the annual inventorying of community health
      promotion and risk reduction services. The approach has utility for community
      health education needs assessments, ongoing evaluation of community services and
      progress vis-a-vis health status indicators, and for the diffusion of health
      promotion service information to service providers and the public.

PMID- 3692866
TI  - The impact of parent participation on the effectiveness of a heart health
      curriculum.
AB  - This paper presents the findings of a 1982-83 study testing a) the impact of the
      Chicago Heart Health Curriculum on the behaviors and attitudes toward
      cardiovascular disease prevention of 647 sixth-grade students in northeast Ohio,
      and b) the impact of including a Parental Participation Component (N = 322) in
      conjunction with the Chicago health curriculum program. Using a pre-test/post
      test four-group experimental design, data were gathered with a Student Health
      Questionnaire testing self-reported attitudes and behaviors regarding
      cardiovascular disease factors prior to and immediately after the implementation
      of the curriculum. A parental pre- and post-test survey evaluated parental levels
      of knowledge and current behavior regarding cardiovascular risk factors. Using a
      one-between-one-within ANOVA model, treatment effects were revealed for three
      outcome variables: 1) Health Knowledge with higher scores indicating greater
      heart-health information (F = 34.15, df = 3/590, p less than 0.00005); 2)
      Attitude Toward Nutrition with higher scores indicating a positive attitude
      toward one's nutritional intake (F = 4.44, df = 3/517, p less than 0.004); and 3)
      Shopping Behavior with higher scores indicating healthier food choices (F = 4.27,
      df = 3/590, p less than 0.005). Results of the Parent Participation Component on
      student performance revealed that parental involvement had no effect on student
      knowledge or behavior with regard to cardiovascular disease prevention.

PMID- 3692867
TI  - Social network characteristics and psychological well-being: a replication and
      extension.
AB  - This article represents a replication and extension of a previous study by Israel
      and her colleagues that investigated the relationship between psychological well
      being and social network characteristics. The present research included both a
      comparable sample of white women (N = 104) between the ages of 60 and 68 (as in
      the original study), and a more extensive adult population of men and women (N =
      718) between the ages of 50 and 95. The network characteristics examined are
      categorized along three broad dimensions: Structure--linkages in the overall
      network (size and density); interaction--nature of the linkages themselves
      (frequency, geographic dispersion, and reciprocity); and functions that networks
      provide (affective support and instrumental support). The results indicate a
      predominance of comparable findings for both the replication and extension
      studies. Of the eight network characteristics examined, the results of five of
      the regression analyses were the same across all three studies. The network
      characteristics of size, density, geographic dispersion, reciprocal instrumental
      support, and instrumental support did not make a significant contribution to the
      variance in psychological well-being. Of the other three network characteristics,
      the effect of frequency of interaction varied across the studies, and a pattern
      of significant results was found for affective support and reciprocal affective
      support. A discussion of this evidence in light of current literature and
      implications for practice and research is included.

PMID- 3692868
TI  - Institutions in nursing.

PMID- 3692869
TI  - Meet the dentists.

PMID- 3692871
TI  - Know your organisations. Play Matters.

PMID- 3692870
TI  - Fluoride: taking the bit between the teeth.

PMID- 3692872
TI  - Pre-school behaviour problems: a multidisciplinary approach.

PMID- 3692873
TI  - Manpower planning and health visiting survey.

PMID- 3692874
TI  - Dental health factsheets for health visitors and other health professionals.

PMID- 3692875
TI  - Japanese growth standards in a Swiss journal.

PMID- 3692876
TI  - The physical growth of Japanese children from birth to 18 years of age. Cross
      sectional percentile growth curve for height and weight.
AB  - The purpose of this paper is to set forth the standards of weight and height for
      the Japanese children and to discuss the mathematical methods utilized for the
      study. In 1980, Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare and Ministry of Education
      conducted a nationwide survey of weight and height in a total of some 680,000
      children from birth to 18 years of age. These data were utilized for the present
      study. In order to draw a mathematically designed smooth curve, we divided the
      subjects into 4 age groups and expressed each percentile curve of the age range
      in terms of a polydimensional and polynominal function using the least square
      method. In comparison with the presently available eye-fit cross-sectional
      percentile growth curve, our growth curve appears to better simulate physical
      growth of the contemporary Japanese children.

PMID- 3692877
TI  - [Evolution of acute transitory renal insufficiency in severe hypernatremic
      dehydration].
AB  - In this study the authors analysed the evolution of blood urea nitrogen in 14
      infants during treatment of hypernatremic dehydration. BUN values decreased at a
      low rate comparing with usual standard limits: a) a correlation between initial
      BUN and natremia was observed, b) in 9 out of 14 infants there was a transient
      elevation of BUN, between 5 to 24 hours after the beginning of rehydration, and
      c) renal function was normal in 8 children who were reevaluated 3 to 28 months
      after the episode of dehydration.

PMID- 3692878
TI  - Serological screening for allergy to inhalants by multi-allergen
      radioimmunoassay.
AB  - 201 children with inhalant allergy were examined with a new serological screening
      test ("Multi-Allergen-Test"). The sensitivity (95.1%) and specificity (91.9%) of
      the test were determined by comparing it to a "clinical classification",
      including results of history, physical examination, skin test and investigation
      for specific IgE antibodies. This yielded a diagnostic efficiency of 93.5%. A
      subsequent comparison of these results with the classification of patients by age
      related total IgE levels showed the superiority of the "Multi-Allergen-Test" as
      far as screening for inhalant allergies is concerned. Additionally, the results
      for the specificity of the test were reproduced by examining another 18 children
      with food allergy, who had elevated total IgE levels but no inhalant allergic
      symptoms. The "Multi-Allergen-Test" proved to be a suitable screening procedure
      for inhalant allergy.

PMID- 3692879
TI  - Perinatal factors in the aetiology of hypopituitarism.
AB  - The possible aetiological factors were studied in 73 children with idiopathic
      growth hormone deficiency. The following perinatal abnormalities were found to be
      more frequent than expected: breech presentation (32.9%) and asphyxia (15.0%).
      Parallel with an increased application of caesarean section there was a
      significant reduction in the incidence of breech birth among the hypopituitary
      patients. On the basis of TSH levels measured during TRH tests, most of the
      patients with breech delivery had a hypothalamic damage, while at vertex position
      the pituitary damage was more frequent. Of the two pairs of siblings with
      hypopituitarism both members of the first had breech birth and of the second high
      birth weight. It is concluded that perinatal abnormalities are important
      aetiological factors in hypopituitarism and that the occurrence of this disease
      can be reduced with improved obstetrical practice and perinatal care.

PMID- 3692880
TI  - The 3-M syndrome. A heritable low birthweight dwarfism.
AB  - Two male siblings and one girl with the 3-M syndrome are reported. The main
      clinical features include low birthweight, proportionate dwarfism, hatched-shaped
      cranio-facial configuration, abnormalities of mouth and teeth, short broad neck
      with prominent trapezius, pectus deformity, transverse grooves of anterior chest,
      and winged scapulae.

PMID- 3692881
TI  - An infant with multiple deformations born to a myasthenic mother.
AB  - An infant with multiple deformations born to a mother with untreated myasthenia
      gravis presented with arthrogryposis multiplex, craniofacial dysmorphism,
      kyphoscoliosis of the thoraco-lumbar spine, severe hypotonia, absence of the
      sucking reflex, and other neurological deficits. The neurological state of the
      infant supported the diagnosis of congenital myasthenia gravis, but the negative
      Tensilon test and the lack of clinical improvement after prolonged Mestinon
      treatment ruled out this diagnosis. We believe that the multiple deformations and
      reduced fetal movements are related to the maternal myasthenic environment
      associated with mild polyhydramnion.

PMID- 3692882
TI  - Turner syndrome and craniosynostosis.
AB  - A girl with Turner syndrome and sagittal synostosis is described. The patient had
      a normal psychomotor development and no neurological impairments. Since more
      severe forms of craniosynostosis can occur in patients with Turner syndrome, a
      careful examination of the skull should be performed in all patients with this
      syndrome.

PMID- 3692883
TI  - Calcinosis as the presenting sign of juvenile dermatomyositis in a 14-month-old
      boy.
AB  - We describe a 14-month-old child with dermatomyositis in whom calcinosis was the
      first sign of the disease. This case shows that calcinosis, usually a late
      complication of dermatomyositis, may be the presenting sign of the disease even
      in young children and when Gottron's sign is still absent and muscular weakness
      not prominent.

PMID- 3692885
TI  - Distal 11q deletion: a specific clinical entity.
AB  - In this report we describe a male newborn with a deletion of the distal part of
      the long arm of chromosome 11 (46,XY,del(11)(q23.1----qter). In addition to the
      typical craniofacial changes of the distal 11q monosomy syndrome, i.e.
      trigonocephaly, short nose with upturned nares, and large mouth with downturned
      corners, this male newborn presented a number of peculiar additional anomalies:
      extremely short neck, accessory nipples and camptodactyly of all fingers. The
      clinical findings are in agreement with the fact that deletion of the 11q24.1
      subband is essential for the characteristic phenotype, and that the additional
      anomalies are due to deletion of the more proximal 11q23 band.

PMID- 3692884
TI  - A boy with recurrent infections, impaired PMN-chemotaxis, increased IgE
      concentrations and cranial synostosis--a variant of the hyper-IgE syndrome?
AB  - A patient with coarse facies, craniosynostosis, recurrent staphylococcal
      infections with pneumatocele formation is described. Laboratory features included
      moderately elevated serum IgE, cutaneous anergy, decreased numbers of T
      suppressor cells and variable inhibition of neutrophil chemotaxis. The
      combination of clinical findings suggests the diagnosis hyper-IgE syndrome,
      though the total IgE serum concentration (800 U/ml) and the level of IgE-specific
      antibodies to staphylococci (9.4%, normal less than 5%) were only slightly
      elevated.

PMID- 3692886
TI  - Melnick-Needles or Cheney-Hajdu?

PMID- 3692887
TI  - A two-site immunoradiometric assay for serum calcitonin using monoclonal anti
      peptide antibodies.

PMID- 3692888
TI  - Localization of a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody to calcitonin in rat medullary
      thyroid carcinoma allografts.

PMID- 3692889
TI  - A clinicohistopathological study of IgA nephropathy associated with nephrotic
      syndrome.

PMID- 3692890
TI  - Rare case of a giant hamartomous polyp of Brunner's gland.

PMID- 3692891
TI  - Differential diagnosis of nodular goiter by means of aspiration biopsy cytology-
      results in recent five years.

PMID- 3692892
TI  - Liver injury following long-term administration of large doses of sake to rats.

PMID- 3692893
TI  - A simplified culture for the diagnosis of denture stomatitis.

PMID- 3692894
TI  - Case control study in diagnosis of pancreatic cancer--using multiple-logistic
      regression.

PMID- 3692895
TI  - Comparative study between nude mice and immunosuppressed hamsters as recipients
      of human tumor xenografts.

PMID- 3692896
TI  - The effect of nutritional counselling on diet and plasma EFA status in multiple
      sclerosis patients over 3 years.
AB  - The dietary intake of 83 people with multiple sclerosis (MS) was assessed by the
      7-day weighed intake method prior to dietary advice and at 6-monthly intervals
      thereafter up to 36 months. The P:S ratio of the diet increased from an initial
      value of 0.8 to 1.5 after 6 months and 1.34 at 36 months. Biochemical
      investigation of plasma essential fatty acid (EFA) status specifically linoleic,
      eicosapentanoic and docosahexanoic acids showed significant correlations with
      diet. Concurrent 6-monthly neurological and physiotherapy assessments were also
      carried out, the neurological results are discussed in relation to a nutrient
      scoring system.

PMID- 3692897
TI  - Nutrient intakes and dietary compliance in cardiac patients: 6-year follow-up.
AB  - Changes in nutrient intakes which were recorded in the diets of cardiac patients
      at 1-year follow-up were maintained at 6-year follow-up, with the exception of
      fibre intake. Twenty-three patients, 60 per cent of the original study, were
      available for assessment at 6-year follow-up. The majority of these patients (74
      per cent) had been classified as good compliers at 1-year follow-up. They had
      maintained the nutrient intakes observed at 1-year follow-up, except for fibre
      intake which had been reduced. Nutrient intakes of the small number of poor
      compliers (26 per cent) tended to deteriorate between 1- and 6-year follow-up.
      Body weight, which was reduced at 1-year follow-up, had increased to initial
      levels at 6-year follow-up for the total group. Poor compliers showed the
      greatest increase in weight. Serum cholesterol levels showed little change
      throughout the study for all patients. Compliance at 1-year follow-up appeared to
      determine compliance over the longer follow-up period for the study patients and
      especially for good compliers. More attention needs to be given to evaluating the
      factors which influence compliance, in particular dietary compliance.

PMID- 3692898
TI  - Diet and ischaemic heart disease in the Caerphilly Study.
AB  - In a South Wales Community Study, 2512 men aged 45-59 years were screened for
      evidence of ischaemic heart disease. Dietary questionnaires were given to all the
      men and, in a representative sub-sample of 665 men, 7-day weighed intake records
      were completed. Nutrient intakes of those who had ECG evidence of ischaemia but
      no symptoms were compared with those of men who had no evidence of IHD.
      Differences between the two groups were small. Those who had evidence of
      ischaemia on ECG tended to have lower intakes of energy, alcohol and most other
      nutrients. However, most of these differences appeared to be due to the
      difference in energy intake between the two groups. Allowing for the effect of
      differences between the groups in the distributions of age and body mass index
      did not alter the overall conclusions.

PMID- 3692899
TI  - The vitamin and mineral intake of a free-living young elderly Australian
      population in relation to total diet and supplementation practices.
AB  - Although there have been several studies of the nutritional intake and status of
      elderly sections of industrialized countries such as Britain, the United States
      and Australia, most of these studies relate to institutionalized elderly or those
      receiving social support such as meals-on-wheels. The study reported here
      presents the results of a dietary survey of a randomly selected group of free
      living younger elderly residents of Adelaide, Australia. Mean intakes for most
      nutrients were equal to or above the recommended intakes. The proportion of
      subjects 'at risk' was not as high as reported for less able elderly groups but
      the nutrients 'at risk' were similar, namely: folate, calcium, vitamin B6, zinc,
      magnesium and copper. Comparisons with the results of two other random surveys of
      free-living elderly residents of Boston and Gothenburg showed some variation in
      total intakes especially amongst women but many similarities in the patterns of
      nutrient density and nutrients 'at risk'.

PMID- 3692900
TI  - Folate catabolism in normal subjects.
AB  - All official recommendations for folate tend to be far in excess of current
      estimated intakes. Several recent studies have highlighted this, showing
      satisfactory folate status in healthy populations consuming considerably less
      than official RDAs. This study takes a critical look at current RDAs for folate.
      We have recently developed an assay to quantify the end product of folate
      catabolism in human urine, thus affording the possibility of a more rational and
      scientific approach to setting the RDA for folate. Results of this study (now
      confirmed by further work) suggest that, under normal dietary conditions, the
      body appears to catabolize only about 100 micrograms total folate per day.
      Furthermore, this rate of catabolism remained relatively unchanged in response to
      saturating doses of a 5 mg folic acid supplement over several days. It is
      therefore most unlikely that our diet is as seriously deficient in folate as
      current official RDAs seem to imply.

PMID- 3692901
TI  - Learning about diabetes: the production and evaluation of a teaching package for
      insulin dependent diabetic children.
AB  - Diabetes is one of the commonest long-term diseases to affect man; approximately
      2 per cent of the population is affected and this figure is rising. This paper
      describes a project involving the production of a teaching package for insulin
      dependent diabetic children. The package took the form of an illustrated booklet
      and its success was evaluated at a diabetic clinic in a Glasgow hospital. As a
      result of this evaluation it was concluded that the package was a useful means of
      teaching diabetic children.

PMID- 3692902
TI  - Current infant weaning practices within the Bangladeshi community in the London
      Borough of Tower Hamlets.
AB  - Twenty-five Bangladeshi families in Tower Hamlets and 25 Caucasian families in
      East Berkshire were studied to ascertain infant weaning practices. Among the
      Bangladeshi families there was a high incidence of late weaning, use of sweet
      convenience foods low in iron and protein, predominant milk drinking, late
      conversion from bottle to cup, and very late progression onto 'family' foods.
      Conversely, the families studied in East Berkshire were found to follow the 1980
      DHSS guidelines for the weaning of infants. The results of the survey indicated
      that there is an urgent need for effective education on infant weaning in this
      community of Tower Hamlets.

PMID- 3692903
TI  - An evaluation of the nutrient intake of a group of elderly people attending a
      luncheon club.
AB  - A study was conducted to assess the nutrient intake of a group of 18 elderly men
      and women aged 67-85 years who attend a luncheon club in a North London Borough.
      Adequate intakes of most nutrients were demonstrated with the exception of zinc,
      although due to wide individual variation some people had intakes greatly below
      recommendations. The contribution of the luncheon club meal to the total diet
      varied widely between individuals. For the group, the difference between the mean
      energy and nutrient (except protein) intakes on luncheon club days and non
      luncheon club weekdays was not statistically significant. However, for some
      individuals whose intakes of certain nutrients was low, e.g. vitamin C, it is
      probable that a greater contribution to the nutrients intake was obtained from
      the luncheon club meal than from meals consumed at home.

PMID- 3692904
TI  - A study to examine any difference in absorption of cod-liver oil when taken
      fasting compared to during a meal by examining changes in blood lipid levels.
AB  - Healthy volunteers (two male and three female in each group) took cod-liver oil
      supplements in either the fasting (before breakfast) or fed (with lunch) state
      for 14 days. After a 14-day break the groups treatments were reversed. Blood
      pressure and pulse were monitored and blood samples analysed for total lipid,
      total and HDL cholesterol at 2-weekly intervals. One male and one female
      volunteer acted as controls, having measurements taken but no blood samples. No
      changes in pulse rate or blood pressure or clotting times were noted, but the
      ratio of HDL cholesterol to total cholesterol changed in different directions
      according to time of consumption in those consuming cod-liver oil.

PMID- 3692905
TI  - Dietary intake and nitrogen balance in athletes with and without consumption of a
      protein supplement.
AB  - Nitrogen balance and nutrient intake were assessed in five males and four females
      involved in body building and weight training when consuming their habitual diet
      and whilst half the group were taking a protein supplement. Pre-supplementation
      nutrient intakes varied greatly but intakes of some nutrients were lower than
      RDAs (DHSS, 1979). Protein supplementation did not significantly improve nutrient
      intake, and it was concluded that it is unlikely to improve nitrogen retention
      because it does not significantly increase nitrogen intake.

PMID- 3692906
TI  - Impaired growth in infants born to mothers of very high parity.
AB  - Anthropometric data are presented on 412 rural Gambian infants measured
      longitudinally from birth to 18 months of age. Maternal parity was shown to exert
      a marked influence on growth. Firstborn babies had significantly depressed
      birthweights (parity 1: 2.79 +/- 0.06 kg, n = 62; parities 2-9: 3.05 +/- 0.09 kg,
      n = 309; P less than 0.001) but catch-up growth was complete by 3 months. In
      contrast, children born to mothers of very high parity (10 and above) had average
      birthweights (2.90 +/- 0.07 kg, n = 41) but early growth was poor. At 3 months
      their weights, mid-upper arm circumferences and triceps skinfolds were
      significantly below those of other infants (eg, weight-for-age (% NCHS): parities
      10+: 90.3 +/- 2.3 per cent; parities 2-9: 97.4 +/- 2.7 per cent; P less than
      0.01). Supine length and head circumference were not affected. After 3-6 months
      all children experienced severe growth retardation reflected in poor weight,
      length and head circumference gains. No catch-up growth occurred in the high
      parity group. Consequently, anthropometric differentials set up by 3 months were
      maintained throughout infancy (eg, weight-for-age at 12 months: parities 10+:
      76.4 +/- 1.9 per cent; parities 2-9: 81.5 +/- 2.6 per cent; P less than 0.01).
      The relationship between these infant growth patterns and maternal lactational
      performance is discussed.

PMID- 3692907
TI  - Protein turnover and 3-methylhistidine excretion in non-pregnant, pregnant and
      gestational diabetic women.
AB  - Protein turnover was studied in nine non-pregnant (NP) and eight pregnant (P)
      women. The data from two gestational diabetic (GDM) women are included for
      comparison. Pregnant women were studied at 30-36 weeks gestation. Whole-body
      protein turnover, synthesis and catabolism rates were measured using a single
      dose of 15N-glycine followed by measurement of enrichment of urinary ammonia
      during the next 10 h. P and NP women had similar rates of protein turnover (4.8 g
      protein/kg/d) and synthesis (3.8 g protein/kg/d). GDM women appeared to have
      considerably higher rates for both turnover (5.6 g protein/kg/d) and synthesis
      (4.7 g protein/kg/d). Normal pregnant women excreted significantly more urinary 3
      methylhistidine (3MH) than did non-pregnant women (190 vs 149 mumole/d).
      Correlation between 3MH excretion and protein catabolism rate approached
      significance (P = 0.087) in the NP women, but was poorly correlated (P = 0.355)
      in the P women.

PMID- 3692908
TI  - Influence of dietary fat on menstrual cycle and menses length.
AB  - Menstrual cycle and menses lengths were determined in 31 healthy premenopausal
      women randomized into one of two sets of weight-maintaining diets, those with a
      ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids (P/S ratio) of 1.0 and those
      with a P/S ratio of 0.3. After a baseline interval of one menstrual cycle, both
      groups were fed a high fat diet (40 per cent energy from fat) for four menstrual
      cycles per subject, followed by a similar interval on a low fat diet (20 per cent
      energy from fat). There was a significant increase of 1.3 d (P = 0.02) in the
      average menstrual cycle length and 0.5 d (P = 0.01) in menses length on the low
      fat diet. Although no significant differences were evident between the P/S
      groups, the effect of low fat on menstrual cycle and menses length was most
      pronounced in the P/S = 1.0 group.

PMID- 3692910
TI  - Skeletal muscle function after major abdominal surgery.
AB  - The contractile properties of the adductor pollicis and quadriceps muscles have
      been studied before and 4 and 10 d after major abdominal surgery in 15 patients.
      Eight patients were considered well nourished and 7 malnourished on the grounds
      of body mass index, recent weight loss and serum albumin. There were no
      significant changes in the contractility of the adductor pollicis at 4 and 10 d
      post-operatively compared to pre-operative values. The only change in the
      quadriceps was seen in the malnourished patients and was a potentiation of the
      force:frequency relationship at day 4, affecting force generation at 1 Hz. There
      was a tendency for the malnourished patients to generate higher forces at low
      stimulation frequencies and to have slower relaxation rates, but there was no
      significant difference between the two groups. Pre-operative contractile
      properties of those patients who developed post-operative complications were not
      different from those who were free of complications, nor did the post-operative
      results of the two groups of patients differ. The patients generated higher
      forces at lower stimulation frequencies than is usually found in young normal
      subjects. This may be due to age, disease or nutritional factors, but it is not
      possible to determine the relative contributions of these factors from this
      study.

PMID- 3692909
TI  - Indirect test weighing: a non-intrusive technique for estimating night-time
      breast milk intake.
AB  - Indirect test weighing (ITW), for estimating night-time breast milk intake, is
      based on separate weighings of mother and infant before and after night-time
      sleep. Weight changes due to the exchange of milk overnight are reciprocal, so
      that if all other sources of weight change (eg, urine loss, supplementary fluid
      intake) are either controlled or measured, the difference between the mother's
      overnight weight loss and her infant's overnight weight gain represents their
      combined net evaporative water loss (EWL). The proportion of the combined EWL due
      to the infant is partitioned out as a function of the relative metabolic body
      sizes (kWt0.73) of mother and infant, and added to the infant's net overnight
      weight gain to provide an estimate of night-time breast milk intake. Validation
      studies, conducted in Northern Thailand, in which ITW was compared with direct
      test weighing (DTW) at each night feed, are reported for 13 infants over 3 nights
      at 5 d of age, and for 19 infants over 2 nights at 6 weeks of age or more. The
      regression equation for estimated milk intake against measured milk intake across
      all ages was y = 0.988x + 2.75, r = 0.927, n = 69 with 95 per cent prediction
      intervals of +/- 36 g for a range of intakes of 0-250 g. Rigorous control of data
      collection and taking account of the infant's age suggest that the prediction
      intervals for individual estimates can be improved to +/- 18 g at 5 d, and +/- 27
      g at 6 weeks and over. Theoretical aspects of the relationship of EWL to body
      weight are discussed with a view to optimizing the accuracy of the technique.

PMID- 3692911
TI  - Faltering in infant growth in Khartoum province, Sudan.
AB  - Four hundred babies were recruited at birth and visited at intervals of 2 weeks.
      At each visit weight, length and morbidity were recorded. Growth in weight and
      length began to fall below the international reference by 5 months. 'Faltering'
      was defined as a weight gain less than the reference -1 s.d. for two consecutive
      2-week periods. Fifty per cent of children had begun to falter by 16 weeks.
      Initially almost all the children were exclusively breast-fed. The mothers were
      neither encouraged nor discouraged from introducing supplementary food; 50 per
      cent had done so by 16 weeks. There were only minor differences in attained
      weight, length, weight gain and length gain between supplemented and
      unsupplemented children. The results emphasize the wide variability in this
      population both in feeding patterns and in growth from period to period. Although
      the average outcome was satisfactory, this average conceals a minority whose
      growth was unacceptably low.

PMID- 3692912
TI  - Basal metabolic rate and diet-induced thermogenesis in Asians living in Britain.
AB  - The basal metabolic rate (BMR) and diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) in 11 Asians
      (4 men, 7 women) who had lived in Britain for longer than 2 years were compared
      with a matched group of Europeans. The mean basal oxygen consumption was 226 ml
      O2/min in the Asians and 218 ml O2/min in the Europeans, values not significantly
      different. When BMR was expressed in absolute terms, per unit body weight, per
      unit body surface area or lean body mass, still no significant difference was
      observed. DIT was measured in the two groups fed a mixed meal containing 2800 kJ.
      The main increase in the metabolic rate over 20-120 min was 19 per cent in the
      Asians and 20 per cent in the Europeans. These results indicate that, in contrast
      to Asians living in the tropics, Asians living in Britain show no difference in
      BMR or DIT. It is concluded that Asians living in the temperature regions behave
      metabolically differently from those living in the tropics.

PMID- 3692913
TI  - Effect of activity on the energy cost of sitting in men and women: implications
      for calorimeter studies.

PMID- 3692914
TI  - Combined application of low temperature preparation and electron microscopic
      autoradiography for the localization of systemic fungicides.
AB  - The intracellular localization of the sterol-biosynthesis-inhibiting (SBI)
      fungicide (3H)triadimenol A is investigated in vitro in the fungus Ustilago
      avenae. For this purpose low temperature preparation techniques (shock freezing,
      freeze substitution, embedding in Lowicryl HM20) are combined with conventional
      electron microscopic (EM) autoradiography. In particular the suitability of
      Lowicryl HM20 embedded specimens for EM autoradiography with regard to the
      finestructure preservation is shown. For the localization of (3H)triadimenol the
      filamentous grain development as well as the application of the gold
      latensification method resulting in the appearance of spherical silver grains is
      tested. Fungicide sensitive wild type sporidia of U. avenae are compared with
      fungicide resistant cells of the mutant r8. A quantitative analysis of the
      autoradiographs of the wild type developed according to the gold latensification
      process shows a relatively homogeneous distribution of silver grains over the
      entire cell. On the other hand, the resistant mutant is characterized by an
      accumulation of silver deposits over the vacuoles as compared with the lower
      density of grains over the cell walls and cytoplasm. The data are discussed in
      the context of possible resistance mechanisms against SBI-fungicides.

PMID- 3692915
TI  - Ultrastructural distribution of Ca++ within neurons. An oxalate pyroantimonate
      study.
AB  - We used the oxalate-pyroantimonate technique to determine the ultrastructural
      distribution of Ca++ in neurons of the rat sciatic nerve. The content of the
      precipitate was confirmed by X-ray microanalysis and appropriate controls. In the
      cell bodies of the dorsal root ganglia, Ca++ precipitate was found in the Golgi,
      mitochondria, multivesicular bodies and large vesicles of the cytoplasm but not
      in lysosomes, and was prominently absent from regions of rough endoplasmic
      reticulum and ribosomes. It was seen in the nucleus but not in the nuclear bodies
      or nucleolus. Within the axon itself, Ca++ precipitate was also found sequestered
      in mitochondria and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. In addition Ca++ precipitate
      found diffusely throughout the axoplasm exhibited a discrete and heterogeneous
      distribution. In myelinated fibers the amount of precipitate decreased
      predictably in the axoplasm beneath the Schmidt-Lanterman cleft and in the
      paranodal regions at the nodes of Ranvier. This correlated with the presence of
      dense precipitate in the Schmidt-Lanterman cleft themselves and in the paranodal
      loops of myelin. Intracytoplasmic ionic Ca++ is maintained at 10(-7) M by
      balanced processes of influx, sequestration and extrusion. The irregular
      distribution of Ca++ precipitate in the axoplasm of myelinated fibers suggests
      that there may be specific regions of preferential efflux across the axolemma.

PMID- 3692916
TI  - Stabilization of chromosomes by DNA intercalators for flow karyotyping and
      identification by banding of isolated chromosomes.
AB  - A number of structurally unrelated DNA intercalators have been studied as
      stabilizers of mitotic chromosomes during isolation from rodent and human
      metaphase cells. Seven out of the nine intercalators tested were found to be
      useful as chromosome stabilizing agents. Chromosome suspensions prepared in this
      way could be preserved for long periods of time. After isolation the chromosomal
      DNA was longer than 150 kb. With intercalated chromosomes high resolution flow
      karyotypes could be obtained as illustrated for the non-fluorescent intercalators
      9-methylene-(1,3-dimethyl-2,4-dionepyrimidine-5-yl)-phenanthrid in iumchloride
      and 4'-aminomethyl-4,5', 8-trimethylpsoralen combined with DAPI and 33258
      Hoeschst for fluorescent staining and for the fluorescent intercalator propidium
      iodide used as a stabilizer and as a fluorochrome. Passage of the intercalated
      chromosomes through the laser beam had no measurable effect on the length of the
      chromosomal DNA subsequently isolated. After flow analysis and collection on
      slides human chromosomes could easily be banded by Giemsa staining methods with
      the same resolution as obtained in conventional metaphase spreads. This allowed a
      ready identification of about 80 percent of all chromosomes in the unfractionated
      suspension collected after passage through the laser beam.

PMID- 3692917
TI  - Sinusoidal profiles of lactate dehydrogenase activity in rat liver.
AB  - Lactate dehydrogenase activities were measured along two sinusoidal paths (1)
      between small portal tracts and central veins and (2) between regions of
      adjoining septal branches and central veins in the livers of male Wistar rats,
      using a Lowry technique. The established profiles of enzyme activity provide
      further support of functional heterogeneity of liver sinusoids and their abutting
      hepatocytes related to morphological differences of the sinusoidal bed. Within
      the hepatocytes a pronounced heterogeneity in enzyme activity was recorded
      surrounding small portal tracts and central veins. The lowest values of activity
      were determined in those cells located in close proximity to the vessels, which
      emphasizes their exceptional morphological and functional position.

PMID- 3692918
TI  - On the heterogeneous glycosylation of the membranes of the trans Golgi network in
      rabbit luteal cells.
AB  - In rabbit luteal cells the transmost element (G2) of the Golgi apparatus bears
      cytochemical resemblances to the limiting membrane of lysosomes and it was
      suggested that lysosomal membranes may originate from the above element. But in
      the normal Golgi apparatus it cannot be made out whether the considered molecules
      are indeed membrane bound. Perfusing the rabbit ovary with buffer containing
      monensin or ammonium chloride allowed to vesiculate the trans Golgi network (G2
      G1) selectively. Controls showed a well-preserved ultrastructure. Parts of the
      limiting membrane of the vacuoles derived from the transmost reticulum (G2) were
      spiny coated and carried an osmiophilic inner layer. They also showed a heavy
      precipitate for acid phosphatase (AcPase) and were strongly stained with
      phosphotungstic acid (PTA) at low pH. By neutralizing the acidic groups, involved
      in the PTA-staining, it was possible to show that the same membranes were more
      heavily glycosylated. The MvB's and the limiting membrane of lysosomes showed the
      same staining characteristics. The other membrane domains revealed a gradient in
      PTA staining and in AcPase activity. It is concluded that the trans Golgi network
      (G2-G1) is an acidic compartment. The presence of differentially glycosylated
      membranes reveals a sorting mechanism for membranous components. The highly
      glycosylated membrane stretches seem to be involved in endocytosis and in the
      formation of lysosomal membranes.

PMID- 3692919
TI  - Apical plasma membrane-bound enzymes of rabbit uterine epithelium. Pattern
      changes during the periimplantation phase.
AB  - In order to monitor changes in the apical cell membrane of rabbit uterine
      epithelium which are postulated to be a precondition for trophoblast attachment,
      the marker enzymes: alkaline phosphatase, aminopeptidase M, gamma-glutamyl
      transferase and dipeptidyl peptidase IV were investigated during the
      periimplantation phase. Endometrium of early pregnancy (implantation chamber,
      interblastocyst endometrium; 5-8 days post coitum, d p.c.) was compared with
      specimens obtained at hCG-induced pseudopregnancy (p. hCG) to distinguish between
      membrane changes regulated by maternal plasma steroid hormones and such which
      might be induced locally by blastocyst-derived signals. All enzymes tested showed
      their main activity at 5 d p.c./p. hCG. The weakest reaction in this series of
      stages was generally found at 8 d p.c. (interblastocyst segments) or at 8 d p.
      hCG. In contrast to the rest of the epithelium, the implantation chamber retained
      high activity of dipeptidyl peptidase IV, and the activity of alkaline
      phosphatase even raised here again at 7 and 8 d p.c. indicating a direct local
      influence of the blastocyst on the luminal epithelium. The results suggest that
      1) considerable changes occur in the composition of the apical plasma membrane of
      the uterine epithelium when the endometrium enters the "receptive state", 2) the
      overall trend is towards a loss of apical-type characteristics of this membrane
      domain and 3) the changes are modulated both systemically (by plasma steroid
      hormone levels) and locally by signals from the implanting blastocyst.

PMID- 3692920
TI  - Immunogold labeling of blood-group antigens in human salivary glands using
      monoclonal antibodies and the streptavidin-biotin technique.
AB  - We investigated the localization of blood-group antigens A, B, and H in human
      labial salivary and submandibular glands by applying a postembedding immunogold
      method using monoclonal antibodies in combination with the streptavidin-biotin
      bridge technique. The H, A, and B antigens were only detected in mature secretory
      granules (SGs), which were mainly found in cells in the late phase of the
      maturation cycle. In immature SGs, which were present in cells in the early or
      middle phases of the maturation cycle, these antigens were not detected. All
      other cytoplasmic organelles were not labeled by the monoclonal antibodies used.
      In blood-group-O secretors, H antigen was present in almost all of the mature
      SGs. In blood-group-A secretors, the labeling for H antigen exhibited a mosaic
      like pattern, i.e. only some of the mature SGs contained H antigen. With respect
      to the A and B antigens, a similar mosaic-like pattern of staining was observed
      in blood-group-A and -B secretors, respectively. To the best of our knowledge,
      this is the first time that the distribution of blood-group antigens A, B, and H
      in human tissues has been demonstrated at the electron-microscope-level using
      monoclonal antibodies.

PMID- 3692921
TI  - Quantitative X-ray microanalysis of calcium with the Camebax-TEM system in
      frozen, freeze-substituted and resin-embedded tissue sections. Application to
      molluscan glio-interstitial granules.
AB  - The relevance of the continuum method for a quantitative X-ray microanalysis of
      epon embedded tissue sections in the particular conditions offered by the Camebax
      TEM system was tested and an improved model of specimen holder is proposed. The
      absolute calcium concentration [Ca] of membrane-bound intracellular glio
      interstitial granules was determined by X-ray microanalysis in transmission
      electron microscopy of Mytilus retractor muscle. The Ca peak and background
      values were measured by the wavelength-dispersive spectrometer of the Camebax;
      the mass thickness of the section was recorded simultaneously with an added
      energy-dispersive detector. The tissue was frozen at approximately equal to 77 K
      in a mixture of liquid propane and butane, freeze-substituted in the presence of
      oxalic acid and embedded in epoxy resin. The calcium concentration of glio
      interstitial granules can be as high as 180 mmol.kg-1 of epoxy-embedded tissue,
      with an average of 40 mmol.kg-1. The sampling of the data through repeated
      experiments is discussed and it is proposed that the cell would be the main level
      of variation. The Ca content of glio-interstitial granules is significantly lower
      in the tissues of animals submitted to high-potassium artificial sea-water for 10
      min. This finding was predicted by the hypothesis that glio-interstitial tissue
      is a regulator of calcium concentration in extracellular spaces.

PMID- 3692922
TI  - Cytochemical localization of alkaline and acid phosphatase in human vanishing
      bone disease.
AB  - This report is the first cytochemical investigation of vanishing bone disease
      "Gorham's Disease" (Gorham and Stout 1955). The ultrastructural localization of
      non-specific alkaline phosphatase and of specific and non-specific acid
      phosphatase activity was studied in slices of tissue removed from a patient with
      this rare disorder. Sodium beta-glycerophosphate and phosphorylcholine chloride
      were used as substrates. Alkaline phosphatase was present around the plasma
      membranes of osteoblasts and associated with extracellular matrix vesicles in new
      woven bone. This is consistent with the proposed role for this enzyme (Robison
      1923) and for matrix vesicles (Bonucci 1967) in the mineralization of bone
      (Bernard and Marvaso 1981). Concentrations of specific secretory acid phosphatase
      reaction product in the cytoplasm of degenerating osteoblasts may contribute to
      the imbalance between bone formation and resorption. Osteoclasts, while few in
      number, showed non-specific and specific acid phosphatase activity. The Golgi
      apparatus and heterophagic lysosomes of mononuclear phagocytes were rich in non
      specific acid phosphatase. This was also present in the Golgi lamellae and
      lysosomes of endothelial cells. Acid phosphatase cytochemistry suggests that
      mononuclear phagocytes, multinuclear osteoclasts and the vascular endothelium are
      involved in bone resorption in this disease.

PMID- 3692923
TI  - Detection of elastin by immunoelectronmicroscopy. A comparison of different
      procedures.
AB  - Elastin components have been identified in chick aorta by different
      immunoelectronmicroscopic procedures (peroxidase-antiperoxidase, immunoferritin
      and immunogold) using affinity purified antibodies to chick tropoelastin. The PAP
      method used in a preembedding procedure stained the outer portion of amorphous
      elastin and the microfibrils very intensively. The surface of the cells was also
      slightly stained. On the contrary immunogold labelling on Epon or Lowicryl
      embedded sections produced a strong decoration only of amorphous elastin, while
      microfibrils remained almost completely unlabelled. The result is not due to loss
      of antigenicity of microfibrils during embedding, since similar data were
      obtained with immunoferritin in a preembedding procedure. Experiments performed
      under different stringency conditions showed that the products of the peroxidase
      reaction diffuse and redistribute in the tissue, indicating that the positive
      staining of microfibrils and cell surface is an artifact. The value of different
      immunological reagents and procedures in studying the fine mapping of elastin
      components is discussed.

PMID- 3692924
TI  - Histochemical study on glycosaminoglycans in the developing mouse vitreous.
AB  - The distribution of polyanionic glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the developing mouse
      vitreous was studied histologically by P.A.S. reaction, metachromatic staining by
      toluidin blue at various pH's, alcian blue at pH 0.5 and alcian blue at various
      pH's, alcian blue at pH 0.5 and alcian blue C.E.C. stainings, modified Hale's
      method with colloidal iron, and enzymatically with bovine testicular
      hyaluronidase. A subdivision of the vitreous developmental period into four
      phases and an early distinction between, the posterior and equatorial vitreous
      portions are suggested on basis of the results. The early vitreous, during the
      first developmental phase, exhibits a high content in GAGs. This property
      gradually vanishes in the posterior part during the second phase of development,
      while acid GAGs including possibly hyaluronate are present in the equatorial
      zone. During this second phase, the lens capsule present a strong P.A.S.
      reactivity, especially positive in it's posterior part. During the third phase,
      sulphated GAGs reappear in the posterior vitreous while non-sulphated material
      remains present in the equatorial zone. During the first two postnatal weeks
      (fourth developmental phase), acid GAG's disappear in the equatorial part of the
      vitreous but the maturing zonular fibres display the properties of sulphated
      GAGs. It is suggested that the histochemical maturation of the secondary vitreous
      starts around the 16th or 17th fetal day, i.e. much earlier than its
      morphological differentiation.

PMID- 3692926
TI  - Cross-reaction of a monoclonal anti-filaggrin antibody with glycogen.
AB  - A mouse monoclonal anti human filaggrin antibody was found to bind keratohyaline
      granules of normal epidermis as well as of premalignant and malignant lesions in
      formalin-fixed tissue sections. In addition, an unexpected binding of this
      antibody with cells containing glycogen and other PAS positive substances was
      found, which could be abolished by adsorption of the anti-filaggrin antibody with
      glycogen or pretreatment of the sections with diastase.

PMID- 3692925
TI  - Golgi-like immunostaining of pituicytes and tanycytes positive for glial
      fibrillary acidic protein in the neurohypophysis of the Mongolian gerbil
      (Meriones unguiculatus).
AB  - Glial cells that contain the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP; the major
      protein constituent of glial filaments) were stained immunohistochemically in
      thick frozen sections of the neurohypophysis of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones
      unguiculatus). The resulting Golgi-like images provided informations on
      cytological features and distributional patterns of tanycytes and pituicytes. In
      the proximal median eminence, numerous bundled processes of tanycytes were
      revealed. They emerged from the ependymal and sub-ependymal layer and mostly
      reached the brain surface. Several tanycytic processes extended into the
      anatomical neural stalk. In the whole neural lobe, a dense network of GFAP
      immunoreactive pituicyte processes was visualized. Stained pituicytes were highly
      asymmetric and exhibited a great morphological variability. Immunopositive fibers
      which were encountered in the intermediate lobe might be derived from pituicytes.
      Electron-microscopically further evidence was obtained that GFAP-positive
      pituicytes correspond to filament-rich fibrous pituicytes at the ultrastructural
      level.

PMID- 3692927
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of serine: pyruvate aminotransferase in
      peroxisomes of the human liver parenchymal cells.
AB  - The localization of serine:pyruvate aminotransferase (SPT) in human liver was
      investigated by indirect immunoenzyme and protein A-gold techniques. By light
      microscopy, diaminobenzidine reaction product was present in cytoplasmic granules
      of the parenchymal cells. By electron microscopy, gold particles indicating the
      antigenic sites for SPT were exclusively confined to peroxisomes but not to
      mitochondria. By double labeling technique, both peroxisomal marker enzyme,
      catalase and SPT were detected in the same peroxisomes. Quantitative analysis of
      the labeling density showed that SPT is contained only in peroxisomes. The
      results indicate that in human liver most of SPT is contained in the peroxisomes.

PMID- 3692929
TI  - Cytochemical demonstration of aspartate aminotransferase in the mossy-fibre
      system of the rat hippocampus.
AB  - A lead-salt procedure was used for the cytochemical demonstration of aspartate
      aminotransferase (AT) in the CA3 of the rat hippocampus. Cytoplasmic- and
      mitochondrial-AT isoenzymes were demonstrated in different neuronal structures,
      but not in astrocytes. Of special interest was the localization of cytoplasmic AT
      in most mossy-fibre boutons. This might indicate that cytoplasmic AT is
      responsible for the production of releasable glutamate in the
      glutamatergic/aspartatergic mossy fibre system.

PMID- 3692928
TI  - Vascular and leptomeningeal projections of the subcommissural organ in reptiles.
      Lectin-histochemical, immunocytochemical, and ultrastructural studies.
AB  - In the snake, Natrix maura, and the turtle, Mauremys caspica, the basal processes
      of the ependymal cells of the subcommissural organ project toward the local blood
      vessels and the leptomeninges. These processes and their endings were studied
      using aldehyde-fuchsin (AF), periodic-acid Schiff (PAS), periodic-acid silver
      methenamine (PA-SM), concanavalin A (ConA), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA),
      immunoperoxidase staining (employing an antiserum against bovine Reissner's
      fiber; AFRU), and conventional transmission electron microscopy. For the purposes
      of comparison, the ventricular cell pole was also analyzed. The secretory
      material located in the ventricular cell pole and that present in ependymal
      endings had only a few staining properties in common, i.e., affinity for AF,
      ConA, and AFRU at a dilution of 1:1000. On the other hand, PAS, PA-SM, WGA, and
      AFRU at a dilution of 1:200,000 stained the apical (ventricular) secretory
      material but not the secretory material of the ependymal processes. The
      histochemical features of the secretory material located in the terminals of
      ependymal processes, as well as the presence at these sites of numerous rough
      endoplasmic-reticulum cisternae and secretory granules, suggest that secretory
      material may be synthesized in these terminals. The probable fate of this
      material, i.e., release to the perivascular and leptomeningeal spaces or
      transport to the ventricular cell pole, is discussed.

PMID- 3692931
TI  - [The eustachian tube in HR computerized tomography. Imaging in the fetus, newborn
      infant and infant].
AB  - The lumen of the eustachian tube in foetuses, neonates and infants was
      demonstrated in cadaver temporal bones immediately after death by air and
      contrast medium using high-resolution computed tomography with axial and coronal
      projections. Special consideration was given to the deviation of the tube from
      the sagittal and horizontal plane and the functional unit consisting of the
      processes of tensor palatini muscle. At this stage of development the lumen of
      the cartilaginous portion shows a constant almost circular form, quite unlike the
      shape in adults. A well developed isthmus between the bony and cartilaginous part
      is absent. In a 6-month-old foetus the tube is horizontal to the base of the
      skull, whereas in a 6-month-old infant it forms an angle of approximately 10
      degrees. The angle to the sagittal plane changes in the same period from
      approximately 37 degrees to 40 degrees. In a 6-month-old foetus the fibres of the
      tensor palatini muscle also run in an almost horizontal line because of the tiny
      processus pterygoideus and are forced into a steeper direction as a result of its
      gradual growth. As there is almost no fulcrum function, a tubal opening effect or
      mechanism of the muscle fibres at this stage of development seems extremely
      doubtful.

PMID- 3692930
TI  - [Electrocochleographic detection of the summation potential in patients with
      inner ear deafness].
AB  - Pre-operative information about cochlear mechanical function is a pre-requisite
      for intra-cochlear implants. In more than 300 pre-operative examinations we
      demonstrated cochlear microphonics in many patients suffering from complete inner
      ear deafness; we interpret this phenomenon as evidence of mechanical function of
      the cochlea. A summation potential in patients with sensorineural deafness is
      more certain proof. We have now performed thorough electrocochleography on 43
      deaf patients whose acoustic nerve was intact, i.e. whose promontory test was
      positive. After stimulation firstly with rarefaction tonebursts and later with
      condensation tonebursts and consecutive, off-line addition and subtraction we
      found small amplitude microphonics in 32 patients. Of these patients, 16 showed a
      negative potential that we interpreted as a summation potential. If these
      findings are verified by further investigations it will be possible to examine
      patients with inner ear deafness electrophysiologically. Furthermore this
      investigation is a very sensitive indicator of residual mechanical function of
      the cochlear basilar membrane.

PMID- 3692932
TI  - [Critical remarks on the chemotherapy of squamous cell carcinomas of the
      oropharynx].
AB  - The results of chemotherapy for T3 and T4 squamous cell carcinoma of the
      oropharynx treated by chemotherapy, surgery and irradiation (n = 19), or by
      surgery plus irradiation (n = 28) were analysed. The two groups were similar as
      regards site and extent of the tumour, but the first group had a much worse
      prognosis. The selection of the patients, the method and results of therapy are
      described. The probable reasons for the failure of the chemotherapy are
      discussed.

PMID- 3692933
TI  - [Cartilage-mucous membrane transplant from the nasal septum in laryngeal
      reconstruction following extended frontolateral laryngectomy].
AB  - The authors present in detail the method of reconstructing the larynx after
      extended fronto-lateral laryngectomy using a mucochondrial nasoseptal graft. The
      method has been used in 61 cases of laryngeal cancer arising not only from the
      glottis but also from the laryngeal ventricle, the vestibular fold and part of
      the epiglottis. After describing other reconstruction techniques after vertical
      laryngectomy the authors point out the advantages of mucochondrial nasoseptal
      graft.

PMID- 3692934
TI  - [Hypo-/aplasia of the nasal bones--an autosomal dominant inherited anomaly].
AB  - We report a family with isolated hypo- or aplasia of the nasal bones as an
      autosomal dominant trait. The conspicuous shape of the nose resembled that of
      "potato nose". This anomaly is caused by a specific developmental field defect of
      the medial nasal processes with no genetic relation to frontonasal "dysplasia".
      The minimal intrafamilial variation suggests a monogenic trait with an autosomal
      dominant mode of transmission. For the ENT practitioner it may be added that
      patients with hypo- or aplasia need no treatment unless a septal deviation causes
      nasal obstruction.

PMID- 3692935
TI  - [Rupture of the membrane of the round window in stapes fixation].
AB  - A case of sudden deafness is described. Examination showed a mixed deafness on
      the left side, suspected to be due to fixation of the stapes and a simultaneous
      perilymph fistula. These lesions were proved by an exploratory tympanotomy. The
      interesting aspects of the case are emphasized: firstly recruitment caused by a
      perilymph fistula, present for 5 months without causing complete deafness;
      secondly improvement of hearing after surgical treatment of both pathological
      conditions; and finally the complete absence of vestibular signs.

PMID- 3692937
TI  - Research-generated nursing diagnoses for healthy school-age children.

PMID- 3692936
TI  - Health perceptions of school-age children.

PMID- 3692939
TI  - Promoting self-esteem in the hospitalized adolescent: clinical interventions.

PMID- 3692938
TI  - Nursing the child undergoing dialysis.

PMID- 3692941
TI  - [Chlamydia trachomatis--experiences in contact tracing].

PMID- 3692940
TI  - [Report from a study trip to the Far East].

PMID- 3692942
TI  - [Infant's interaction with the environment--problems and possibilities].

PMID- 3692943
TI  - [AIDS in Africa].

PMID- 3692944
TI  - [Psychosocial treatment activities in the maternal health center].

PMID- 3692945
TI  - [The stillborn child].

PMID- 3692946
TI  - More on reciprocal licensure.

PMID- 3692947
TI  - On being compassionate.

PMID- 3692948
TI  - Early neutering of pups and kittens.

PMID- 3692949
TI  - AVMA Colloquium on Recognition and Alleviation of Animal Pain and Distress. May
      15-17, 1987, Chicago, Illinois. Proceedings.

PMID- 3692950
TI  - Panel report on the Colloquium on Recognition and Alleviation of Animal Pain and
      Distress.

PMID- 3692952
TI  - Problems in defining pain and peripheral mechanisms of pain.

PMID- 3692951
TI  - The challenge of balancing experimental variables: pain, distress, analgesia, and
      anesthesia.

PMID- 3692953
TI  - Central mechanisms of pain.

PMID- 3692955
TI  - Physiologic basis and consequences of distress in animals.

PMID- 3692954
TI  - Problems in defining stress and distress in animals.

PMID- 3692956
TI  - Clinical recognition and anticipation of situations likely to induce suffering in
      animals.

PMID- 3692957
TI  - Control of stress using non-drug approaches.

PMID- 3692958
TI  - Animal pain, scientific ideology, and the reappropriation of common sense.

PMID- 3692959
TI  - Species difference as a consideration in alleviation of animal pain and distress.

PMID- 3692961
TI  - Pharmacologic consideration in selection of anesthetics for animals.

PMID- 3692962
TI  - New developments in opioid drug research for alleviation of animal pain.

PMID- 3692960
TI  - Pharmacologic considerations in selection of tranquilizers, sedatives, and muscle
      relaxant drugs used in inducing animal restraint.

PMID- 3692963
TI  - Perioperative analgesia: a surgeon's perspective.

PMID- 3692964
TI  - Adequacy of general anesthesia for animal surgery.

PMID- 3692965
TI  - Steady-state level of anesthesia.

PMID- 3692966
TI  - Use of analgesics postoperatively and in a small animal intensive care setting.

PMID- 3692967
TI  - New developments in monitoring animals for evidence of pain control.

PMID- 3692968
TI  - Research on pain mechanisms in animals.

PMID- 3692969
TI  - Control of animal pain and distress in cancer and toxicologic research.

PMID- 3692970
TI  - Alternatives to chronic restraint of nonhuman primates.

PMID- 3692971
TI  - Control of animal pain and distress in antibody production and infectious disease
      studies.

PMID- 3692972
TI  - Control of animal pain and distress in behavioral studies that use food
      deprivation or aversive stimulation.
AB  - Imposing moderate amounts of food deprivation on an animal allows the use of
      reward techniques in studying behavior and poses fewer ethical problems than does
      the use of aversive procedures. Possible discomfort caused by experiments using
      aversive stimulation frequently can be reduced. Habituating animals to
      experimental procedures is almost always a good idea. When the reaction to
      aversive stimuli is the object of study, animals can be given direct control of
      the stimulus and the intensity of stimulus they choose can then be measured.

PMID- 3692973
TI  - Career productivity.

PMID- 3692974
TI  - Flea control a serious matter.

PMID- 3692976
TI  - Twenty-five years of professional service.

PMID- 3692975
TI  - Aim high--but keep your feet on the ground.

PMID- 3692977
TI  - The liability potential in helping impaired veterinarians.

PMID- 3692978
TI  - Summary report of pilot projects for eradication of pseudorabies in swine.

PMID- 3692979
TI  - Streptococcosis.

PMID- 3692980
TI  - High-rise syndrome in cats.
AB  - High-rise syndrome was diagnosed in 132 cats over a 5-month period. The mean age
      of the cats was 2.7 years. Ninety percent of the cats had some form of thoracic
      trauma. Of these, 68% had pulmonary contusions and 63% had pneumothorax. Abnormal
      respiratory patterns were evident clinically in 55%. Other common clinical
      findings included facial trauma (57%), limb fractures (39%), shock (24%),
      traumatic luxations (18%), hard palate fractures (17%), hypothermia (17%), and
      dental fractures (17%). Emergency (life-sustaining) treatment, primarily because
      of thoracic trauma and shock, was required in 37% of the cats. Nonemergency
      treatment was required in an additional 30%. The remaining 30% were observed, but
      did not require treatment. Ninety percent of the treated cats survived.

PMID- 3692982
TI  - Effect of water temperature on the clinical outcome of infection with
      Edwardsiella ictaluri in channel catfish.
AB  - Channel catfish fingerlings (mean body weight, 19 +/- 3 g each) were given
      intraperitoneal inoculations of Edwardsiella ictaluri suspensions of 10(4),
      10(5), or 10(6) bacteria. Control fish were inoculated intraperitoneally with
      sterile 0.85% NaCl solution. Ten-day trials were conducted at water temperatures
      of 17, 21, 23, 25, 28, and 32 C. Differences in mortality between E ictaluri
      infected fish and fish used as controls were observed at water temperatures of
      23, 25, and 28 C, but not at temperatures of 17, 21, and 32 C. Clinical signs and
      lesions induced by intraperitoneal inoculation of E ictaluri were comparable with
      those found with the intestinal form of the natural disease. The characteristic
      erosion of skin and muscle overlying the skull, known as the "hole-in-the-head"
      lesion, was not observed. A given fish may be susceptible to infection at any
      water temperature, but a population is at risk when water temperatures are in the
      22 to 28 C range.

PMID- 3692981
TI  - Evaluation of the Krupin-Denver valve implant in normotensive and glaucomatous
      beagles.
AB  - The Krupin-Denver valve was implanted unilaterally in 2 normotensive and in 6
      glaucomatous Beagles. The fellow eye of each dog had an external trabeculectomy.
      Before and after surgery, all dogs were evaluated serially by gonioscopy,
      biomicroscopy, tonometry, and tonography. The valve implant remained patent in 2
      normotensive and in 2 glaucomatous Beagles throughout the 12 months of
      observation. Valve function was lost in 4 glaucomatous Beagles 4 to 6 weeks (3
      dogs) and 6 months (1 dog) after implantation. Light microscopic and scanning
      electron microscopic evaluations of early loss of implant function revealed
      occlusion of the lumen and/or valve mechanism by inflammatory debris and cells.
      The late loss of valve function was related to chronic inflammatory response and
      fibrosis about the valve mechanism and tubing within the sclera.

PMID- 3692983
TI  - Synovial chondrometaplasia in five dogs.
AB  - Synovial chondrometaplasia was diagnosed in 5 dogs. Four dogs improved
      dramatically after surgical removal of subsynovial nodules, but the fifth
      improved only slightly. This potentially treatable condition is recognized in
      human beings, and has been described in dogs in the German scientific literature.
      Synovial chondrometaplasia should be suspected if numerous joint mice are
      visualized radiographically, without an obvious inciting cause. It also should be
      suspected when periarticular osteophytes are found radiographically in unusual
      locations.

PMID- 3692985
TI  - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a dog.
AB  - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was diagnosed in a 3-year-old Basset Hound
      that was referred to the hospital because of respiratory distress. Results of
      radiography, bronchoscopy, and pulmonary function tests indicated lung
      hyperinflation, airflow restriction, and loss of elastic recoil of the lungs.
      Because of the poor response to treatment, the dog was euthanatized. Postmortem
      findings revealed emphysema, bronchiectasis, and bronchitis, which comprise
      chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

PMID- 3692984
TI  - Calcium urolithiasis in two dogs with parathyroid adenomas.
AB  - Primary hyperparathyroidism resulted in calcium urolith formation and calcium
      nephropathy in 2 dogs. Uroliths composed of calcium phosphate were surgically
      removed from the bladder of one dog 3 months after surgical removal of a
      parathyroid adenoma. Five years later, hypercalcemia and urolithiasis had not
      recurred. In a second dog, calcium oxalate renal and bladder uroliths remained
      unchanged in size at 11 months after removal of a parathyroid adenoma. The
      possibility of primary hyperparathyroidism should be considered in any dog with
      calcium urolithiasis.

PMID- 3692986
TI  - Naproxen-induced toxicosis in a dog.
AB  - Naproxen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, induced gastric ulceration and
      bleeding in a dog. Clinical signs included vomiting, anemia, melena, and
      weakness. The dog responded to a blood transfusion and supportive treatment
      (lactated Ringer's solution with added K+ and B vitamins, an antacid, and
      cimetidine). Naproxen had been given to the dog by the owner, as treatment for
      shoulder stiffness.

PMID- 3692987
TI  - Reversal of ethylene glycol-induced nephrotoxicosis in a dog.
AB  - Ethylene glycol-induced nephrotoxicosis was diagnosed in a dog with acute renal
      failure. Histologically, the dog had proximal tubular degeneration and necrosis,
      intraluminal calcium oxalate crystals, generally intact tubular basement
      membranes, and evidence of tubular regeneration. After 20 days of peritoneal
      dialysis and diuresis, renal function was adequate to maintain homeostasis
      without supportive care. Nine weeks after onset of the ethylene glycol-induced
      renal failure, the dog's kidneys were histologically and functionally normal.

PMID- 3692988
TI  - Acute mitral regurgitation with papillary muscle rupture in a dog.
AB  - Papillary muscle rupture is uncommon in the dog. Two-dimensional echocardiography
      provides a rapid, noninvasive test in the diagnosis of acute, severe mitral
      regurgitation resulting from papillary muscle rupture. This report illustrates
      the usefulness of echocardiography to determine the cause of acute mitral
      regurgitation.

PMID- 3692989
TI  - Urinary incontinence secondary to idiopathic detrusor instability:
      cystometrographic diagnosis and pharmacologic management in two dogs and a cat.
AB  - Idiopathic detrusor instability was diagnosed as the cause of urinary
      incontinence in 2 dogs and a cat. The diagnosis was based on abnormal
      cystometrographic findings and by exclusion of other causes of detrusor
      hyperactivity. Anticholinergic or combined anticholinergic, antispasmodic, and
      local anesthetic treatment resolved the clinical signs in all 3 animals.
      Increased threshold volumes after treatment were documented by cystometrography
      in one dog and in the cat.

PMID- 3692990
TI  - Intraocular findings in three dogs and one cat with chronic glaucoma.
AB  - Intraocular neoplasia may cause secondary glaucoma. If an intraocular prosthesis
      is placed in an eye with glaucoma secondary to intraocular neoplasia, the
      neoplasm frequently regrows around the prosthetic ball, resulting in recurrence
      of buphthalmos and signs of pain. Histologic examination of eviscerated
      intraocular contents of 4 animals resulted in diagnosis of intraocular neoplasia
      in 2 glaucomatous eyes and ruled out neoplasia as the cause of glaucoma in 2
      eyes.

PMID- 3692992
TI  - Multiple recurring uterocervical leiomyomas in two half-sibling Appaloosa
      fillies.
AB  - Two yearling, paternal half-sibling Appaloosa fillies were ovariohysterectomized
      for treatment of multiple uterocervical leiomyomas. The tumors recurred in both
      fillies, originating from cervical tissue that could not be removed at surgery.
      Previously reported cases of uterine leiomyoma in the mare have been of solitary
      tumors in older mares that were treated successfully by surgical removal.

PMID- 3692991
TI  - Complications associated with Streptococcus equi infection on a horse farm.
AB  - Complications associated with Streptococcus equi infection developed in 15
      (20.3%) of 74 horses on one farm included death, guttural pouch empyema, purpura
      hemorrhagica, upper respiratory tract obstruction, pneumonia, pleuropneumonia,
      agalactia, mesenteric lymph node abscessation, and periorbital abscessation.
      Death was attributed to pneumonia in 3 horses and to upper respiratory tract
      obstruction in 2 horses. One horse was euthanatized because of severe purpura
      hemorrhagica.

PMID- 3692993
TI  - Colic-like discomfort associated with ovulation in two mares.
AB  - Discomfort manifested by colic-like clinical signs in 2 young mares was presumed
      to be attributable to ovarian pain associated with follicular enlargement and
      ovulation. Diagnosis was based on the lack of detectable evidence of
      gastrointestinal disease, the finding of a large ovarian follicle or recent
      ovulation, the repetition of signs during several subsequent estrual periods, and
      the clinical response to pharmacologic suppression of estrus and ovulation. The
      similarity of the clinical signs in these 2 mares to cyclic intermenstrual pain
      in women was considered.

PMID- 3692994
TI  - Hemolytic uremic-like syndrome in two horses.
AB  - A syndrome characterized clinically by oliguria, progressive severe azotemia, and
      edema of the abdomen and groin was seen in 2 horses. Treatment with fluids,
      diuretics, and corticosteroids administered intravenously was ineffective, and
      the horses were euthanatized. Microscopically, there was severe necrotizing
      angiopathy with profuse fibrin deposition in renal glomeruli and sinusoids of
      peripheral lymph nodes. The signs observed in the horses resembled hemolytic
      uremic syndrome in human beings.

PMID- 3692995
TI  - Esophageal phytobezoar in a horse.
AB  - A 23-year-old Thoroughbred stallion was admitted to the hospital for treatment of
      acute esophageal obstruction. Clinical examination and contrast radiography
      confirmed the presence of an esophageal obstruction. The horse was euthanatized,
      and examination revealed a bolus of feed material occluding the esophageal lumen
      6 cm caudal to the thoracic inlet, with underlying necrosis of the esophageal
      mucosa. A large pulsion diverticulum was identified in the caudocervical portion
      of the esophagus. Apparently, the phytobezoar was formed within the esophageal
      diverticulum and subsequently became dislodged, occluding the esophagus.

PMID- 3692996
TI  - Encephalitis associated with Borrelia burgdorferi infection in a horse.
AB  - Infection with Borrelia burgdorferi was associated with encephalitis in a horse.
      The horse lived in an area of Wisconsin endemic for B burgdorferi infection.
      Borrelia burgdorferi was isolated from the brain, but rabies virus was not
      detected in the brain. Serum obtained from the horse had a B burgdorferi antibody
      titer of 1:2,048, but was negative for antibodies to eastern and western
      encephalomyelitis.

PMID- 3692998
TI  - Internal fixation of a proximal metatarsal fracture in a calf.
AB  - An open proximal metatarsal fracture was identified in a 9-month-old calf. Open
      reduction, internal fixation, and external coaptation were used to repair the
      fracture. The calf recovered without complications and was reported to be sound 6
      months after surgery.

PMID- 3692997
TI  - Pancytopenia caused by bone marrow aplasia in a horse.
AB  - Pancytopenia was evaluated in a mature Quarter Horse gelding. A diagnosis of bone
      marrow aplasia was made on the basis of bone marrow hypocellularity. History of
      drugs administered included penicillin, oxytetracycline, trimethoprim
      sulfadiazine, phenylbutazone, dipyrone, flunixin meglumine, and isoxsuprine.
      Clinical remission was observed after treatment with glucocorticoids, androgens,
      and broad-spectrum antimicrobials.

PMID- 3692999
TI  - Arthritis and systemic disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi infection in a cow.
AB  - Infection with Borrelia burgdorferi caused arthritis, myocarditis,
      glomerulonephritis, and pneumonitis in a cow. Spirochetes were detected by use of
      immunofluorescent staining in liver and lung specimens and were isolated from the
      liver. The carpal, stifle, and tarsal joints had marked synovial proliferation,
      and synovial fluid obtained from these joints had high antibody titers against B
      burgdorferi. The cow was from an area of Wisconsin that is not endemic for
      borreliosis.

PMID- 3693000
TI  - Laterally luxating patella in a goat.
AB  - A laterally luxating patella causing progressively worsening hind limb lameness
      was discovered in an 18-month-old cross-bred goat. The luxation was believed to
      be congenital in origin. Surgical correction was accomplished via subchondral
      trochlear sulcoplasty, capsular imbrication, and lateral relieving desmotomy.
      Surgical correction of an unusual orthopedic problem in goats can be accomplished
      by use of routine canine orthopedic techniques.

PMID- 3693001
TI  - Renal lymphoma in cats: 28 cases (1977-1984).
AB  - Renal lymphoma was diagnosed, staged, and treated in 28 cats. Renal lymphoma
      staging was done according to clinical findings: 11 cats had stage-2 lymphomas, 5
      had stage-3 lymphomas, 6 had stage-4 lymphomas, and 6 had stage-5 lymphomas. All
      cats were treated with chemotherapy: 17 cats had a complete response, 9 cats had
      a partial response, and 2 cats had no response. The cats with stage-2 lymphomas
      that were FeLV-test negative had the best response to treatment.

PMID- 3693002
TI  - Congenital portosystemic shunts in dogs: 46 cases (1979-1986).
AB  - Congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSS) were diagnosed in 46 dogs. The historic,
      physical, and laboratory findings were tabulated. Half of the affected males were
      cryptorchid. Urolithiasis was detected in 20% of the dogs. The biochemical tests
      with the best sensitivity for the diagnosis of CPSS were sulfobromophthalein
      retention, fasting serum ammonia concentration, and serum alkaline phosphatase
      activity. The survival time and quality of life were assessed by physical and
      biochemical reevaluation of the dogs and by means of a questionnaire that was
      completed by the owners. Five dogs were treated medically. Thirty-three dogs were
      treated surgically. Dogs that had complete surgical occlusion of the CPSS became
      normal, and quality of life was excellent. Dogs that had partial occlusion of the
      CPSS improved, and some became clinically normal. Dogs that did not have surgical
      correction of the CPSS had continuation of signs, but several survived for years.

PMID- 3693003
TI  - Employment, starting salaries, and educational indebtedness of 1987 graduates of
      US veterinary medical colleges.

PMID- 3693004
TI  - Treatment of bubonic plague in a cat.

PMID- 3693006
TI  - Poultry veterinary medicine: diverse opportunities.

PMID- 3693005
TI  - Comments on veterinary education.

PMID- 3693007
TI  - Tactics vs strategy in practice.
AB  - This very brief introduction to the concept of tactics and strategy in
      practitioner/client conversations will, I hope, stimulate veterinarians to
      interest themselves further in developing these and other communications skills.
      Clients frustrated by automatic bank tellers, electronic supermarket checkout
      stations, and similar depersonalizing machines, will place ever-increasing value
      on their scarcer and scarcer human contacts. The more proficient we are in
      relating well to other people, the more successful we will be in practice.

PMID- 3693008
TI  - Listeriosis.

PMID- 3693009
TI  - Potassium depletion in cats: hypokalemic polymyopathy.
AB  - Generalized weakness of acute onset, apparent muscular pain, and persistent
      ventroflexion of the neck were observed in 6 cats. These clinical signs were
      associated with a low serum potassium concentration and high serum creatine
      kinase activity. Generalized electromyographic abnormalities, together with
      normal motor nerve conduction velocity determinations, were detected in all cats.
      Muscle biopsy specimens from 4 of 5 cats were not abnormal on light microscopic
      examination. Mild necrosis and infrequent macrophages were evident in a muscle
      biopsy specimen from one cat. Signs of polymyopathy resolved in all cats, and
      creatine kinase activities returned to the normal range after parenteral and oral
      administration of potassium. Polymyopathy and hypokalemia recurred in 3 cats in
      which dietary potassium supplementation was not maintained after initial recovery
      from hypokalemic polymyopathy.

PMID- 3693010
TI  - Potassium depletion in cats: renal and dietary influences.
AB  - Excessive urinary potassium loss was diagnosed in 7 cats with persistent
      hypokalemia and high serum creatinine concentrations. Renal tubular acidosis
      (proximal or distal) was not evident in the affected cats. Plasma aldosterone
      concentrations and plasma renin activities in affected cats were not
      significantly different from control values. Potassium depletion and hypokalemia
      were attributed to the combined effects of decreased dietary potassium intake and
      excessive urinary potassium losses. It was concluded that increased urinary
      potassium excretion may represent a basic response to renal dysfunction in cats.
      Data suggested that dietary potassium supplementation improved renal function in
      most cats in this study.

PMID- 3693012
TI  - Fecal survey of llamas (Lama glama) in Oregon: incidental recovery of Nematodirus
      battus.
AB  - Between September 1985 and March 1987, 243 fecal specimens from llamas (195
      adults, 48 crias) were examined for parasite eggs. Of the adults, 78% had at
      least one type of egg. Trichostrongyles were found in 67% of the adults,
      Nematodirus spp in 23%, Strongyloides spp in 9%, Capillaria spp in 8%, and
      Trichuris spp in 5%. Of the crias, 90% had at least one kind of egg.
      Trichostrongyles were found in 71% of the crias, Nematodirus spp in 52%,
      Strongyloides spp in 17%, and Trichuris spp and Capillaria spp in 4% each. Most
      important, N battus eggs were observed in fecal specimens from 2 crias.

PMID- 3693011
TI  - Serologic correlation of suspected Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona-induced
      uveitis in a group of horses.
AB  - After the observation of 2 horses with uveitis on a horse farm in the Minnesota
      River valley, 100 horses from this geographic area were given ophthalmologic
      examinations and were evaluated serologically for leptospirosis. A statistically
      significant (P less than 0.001) association was observed between the finding of
      antibodies against Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona and uveitis.

PMID- 3693013
TI  - Evaluation of a stented laryngoplasty for correction of cranial glottic stenosis
      in four dogs.
AB  - After laryngeal surgery, cranial glottic stenosis secondary to laryngeal web
      formation was diagnosed as the cause of upper airway obstruction in 4 dogs.
      Initial treatment of 3 dogs by peroral laryngeal web excision resulted in rapid
      recurrence of clinical signs. Subsequently, these 3 and the fourth dog were
      treated by scar excision, mucosal flap coverage, and placement of a silicone
      intraluminal laryngeal stent for 14 days. By 5 months (average) after surgery, on
      the basis of clinical evaluation of exercise intolerance, respiratory distress,
      and stridor, all dogs had alleviation of upper airway obstruction.

PMID- 3693014
TI  - Complete interruption of the aortic arch in a dog.
AB  - Complete interruption of the aortic arch was diagnosed by angiocardiography in a
      dog with exercise intolerance, a cardiac murmur, polycythemia, and cardiomegaly.
      The defect was accompanied by a patent ductus arteriosus, ventricular septal
      defect, and subaortic stenosis. The dog was euthanatized, and the clinical
      diagnosis was documented by gross dissection of the heart. The site of aortic
      interruption was between the left carotid and left subclavian arteries, which is
      the most common location in human beings. The similarity with the pathologic
      findings of interrupted aortic arch in human beings suggests a similar mechanism
      responsible for the abnormal cardiac morphogenesis. The defect may be confused
      with other cardiac anomalies that can result in exercise intolerance,
      polycythemia, and cardiac murmur. This defect is amenable to surgical treatment,
      which emphasizes the importance of a correct anatomic diagnosis in clinical
      patients.

PMID- 3693015
TI  - Recovery from severe hydroureter and hydronephrosis after ureteral anastomosis in
      a dog.
AB  - Progressive hydroureter and hydronephrosis were diagnosed in a dog after
      anastomosis of a crushed ureter. Nephrectomy was averted when partial resolution
      was noticed one month after the ureteral repair. The appearance of the kidney and
      ureter was nearly normal several months later. Conservative management should be
      considered in cases of partial unilateral ureteral obstruction.

PMID- 3693016
TI  - Dysosmia caused by encephalitis in a dog.
AB  - A 1- to 2-year-old Beagle was referred for evaluation of a disorder of the sense
      of smell. The dog had suddenly lost the ability to find rabbits, even though it
      previously had won field trials. Clinical findings indicated mild encephalitis
      with some capability to respond to odoriferous stimuli. An unusual test of the
      sense of smell is described; results indicated some sense of smell, although
      behavioral response to the odor was inappropriate. It was suspected that canine
      distemper encephalitis may have been associated with the dysosmia.

PMID- 3693017
TI  - Incarceration of a section of small intestine by remnants of the ductus deferens
      in steers.
AB  - A 13-month-old Charolais steer was examined because of anorexia and weight loss
      of 1 week's duration. Initially, the steer passed tarry feces for 2 days, but no
      feces were passed for 4 days before examination. Palpation per rectum disclosed
      moderate distention of the small intestine and dark tenacious mucus in the
      rectum. Standing celiotomy was performed through the right paralumbar fossa, and
      a 60-cm segment of small intestine was found to be entrapped by a fibrous band
      between the caudal abdominal wall and the pelvic inlet. The band was transected
      and the intestine was freed. The intestine was judged to be viable and the
      abdomen was closed. Histologically, the fibrous band consisted of ductus deferens
      and adnexa; the intestine had become incarcerated through a rent in the
      mesoductus. Small intestine entrapment through a rent in the right mesoductus was
      diagnosed in 20 additional steers over a 10-year period. In all cases, the steers
      had been castrated when weighing more than 100 kg, by manual traction on the
      testicle and spermatic cord through a scrotal incision. Alternate means of
      castration that prevent disruption of the abdominal mesoductus may prevent
      development of this condition.

PMID- 3693018
TI  - Myelitis associated with protozoal infection in newborn calves.
AB  - Four newborn calves from different herds were examined because of recumbency and
      inability to rise. Abnormal physical findings were confined to the nervous and/or
      musculoskeletal systems. Because of poor prognosis, all calves were euthanatized
      and necropsied. The histopathologic findings were multifocal lymphocytic
      myelitis, meningitis, and encephalitis associated with protozoal cysts.

PMID- 3693019
TI  - Acute renal failure associated with administration of excessive amounts of
      tetracycline in a cow.
AB  - High doses of intravenously and intramuscularly administered oxytetracycline were
      believed to be responsible for acute renal failure in a dehydrated cow. Signs of
      renal disease included oliguria, perirenal edema, marked azotemia, moderate
      proteinuria, tubular casts in urinary sediment, and inability to concentrate
      urine. Concurrent intravenous administration of fluids and diuretics (mannitol
      and furosemide) resulted in reestablishment of normal urine production. Because
      of its nephrotoxic potential, oxytetracycline should be used cautiously and at
      recommended dosages in ruminants that have prerenal azotemia or otherwise reduced
      renal function.

PMID- 3693020
TI  - Facial neuropathy in dogs and cats: 95 cases (1975-1985).
AB  - The medical records of 79 dogs and 16 cats admitted to the New York State College
      of Veterinary Medicine between January 1975 and October 1985 with facial nerve
      dysfunction were reviewed. In 31 dogs and 8 cats, facial neuropathy was the only
      abnormal finding. In 48 dogs and 8 cats, the clinical findings most often noted
      in the records in addition to facial neuropathy were vestibular signs. Facial
      neuropathy appeared unassociated with gender or right vs left sides in both dogs
      and cats, or with hypothyroidism in dogs. Facial neuropathy was associated with
      increased age, with certain breeds in both dogs and cats, and with otitis
      media/interna and keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs. Causes of facial nerve
      dysfunction in dogs and cats included surgical and nonsurgical trauma, neoplasia,
      and otitis media/interna. Facial neuropathy was judged to be idiopathic in 74.7%
      of dogs and 25% of cats.

PMID- 3693021
TI  - Pheochromocytoma in dogs: 13 cases (1980-1985).
AB  - Thirteen cases of canine pheochromocytoma seen at the University of Minnesota
      Veterinary Teaching Hospital between 1981 and 1985 were reviewed. In 8 cases, the
      neoplasms were locally invasive; in the remaining cases, they were confined to
      the adrenal gland. Clinical signs compatible with fatal cardiovascular collapse
      secondary to a hypertensive or arrythmic episode were observed in 6 of 8 dogs
      with invasive neoplasms that died during examination or shortly thereafter. The
      remaining 2 dogs with invasive neoplasms had antemortem diagnoses of adrenal
      gland neoplasm with metastases and were euthanatized. Invasion or encroachment of
      the caudal vena cava in 6 dogs and encroachment of the aorta and other regional
      vasculature in 2 dogs were discovered at necropsy. In 5 dogs, the noninvasive
      pheochromocytoma was found incidentally during necropsy.

PMID- 3693023
TI  - Viewpoints on "Veterinary technician".

PMID- 3693022
TI  - Employment of 1987 male and female graduates of US veterinary medical colleges.

PMID- 3693024
TI  - The veterinarian's civil liability in the use of drugs.

PMID- 3693025
TI  - The good life.

PMID- 3693026
TI  - Cysticercosis.

PMID- 3693027
TI  - Renal concentrating ability in dehydrated hyponatremic dogs.
AB  - Eleven hyponatremic dogs were unable to concentrate their urine during periods of
      severe dehydration and azotemia. When normonatremia was reestablished in eight of
      the dogs, their renal concentrating ability returned. Six dogs, including the 3
      dogs in which normonatremia was not reestablished, died or were euthanatized;
      renal lesions were not found during postmortem examination. Two dogs had
      hypoadrenocorticism, which has been documented as a cause of hyponatremia and
      impaired renal concentrating ability. Two dogs had gastrointestinal disease,
      which has been documented as a cause of hyponatremia, but not of impairment of
      renal concentrating ability. All dogs without hypoadrenocorticism had clinical
      and clinicopathologic indications of blood loss, which has not been documented as
      a cause of hyponatremia or impairment of renal concentrating ability.
      Hyponatremia (less than 120 mEq/L) was induced by chronic blood removal in a dog
      maintained on a low-sodium diet. During the period of hyponatremia, the dog
      became azotemic, hypotensive, and severely dehydrated; renal concentrating
      ability was impaired. We conclude that hyponatremia may be caused by hemorrhage,
      but irrespective of the cause, hyponatremia impairs renal concentrating ability.

PMID- 3693028
TI  - Comparison of two caudolateral approaches to the scapulohumeral joint for
      treatment of osteochondritis dissecans in dogs.
AB  - Two caudolateral approaches to the canine scapulohumeral joint that do not
      require myotomy, tenotomy, or osteotomy were used to expose the humeral heads of
      both scapulohumeral joints in 10 clinically normal dogs. One approach (method 1)
      was used on the left shoulder of 5 dogs and on the right shoulder of the other 5
      dogs. The other approach (method 2) was used on the opposite joints. The amount
      of humeral head articular cartilage that could be exposed with each approach was
      measured. The amount of articular cartilage exposed with method 1 was
      significantly greater than that exposed with method 2 (P less than 0.0001).
      Method 1 also provided for exposure of the caudomedial aspect of the
      scapulohumeral joint. Method 1 was used unilaterally in 20 dogs with
      osteochondritis dissecans. This approach provided excellent exposure of the
      humeral head and osteochondritis dissecans lesion. Of the 16 dogs that were
      available for follow-up evaluation, 1 developed a seroma after surgery. Other
      complications were not observed or reported.

PMID- 3693029
TI  - Pleurovenous shunting technique for treatment of chylothorax in three dogs.
AB  - The operative technique for placement of a pleurovenous shunt catheter is
      described. Pleurovenous shunting was used in the surgical treatment of 3 dogs
      with chylothorax refractory to medical management. Chylothorax in 2 of the dogs
      was palliated, but because of severe restrictive fibrous pleuritis, the third dog
      was euthanatized during follow-up surgery.

PMID- 3693031
TI  - Hyperammonemia associated with urethral obstruction in a dog.
AB  - Hyperammonemia was documented in a 10-week-old male Lhasa Apso referred for
      urethral obstruction and rupture. Results of liver function tests were normal.
      Staphylococcus sp was isolated from urine. Anomalies of the portal vascular
      system and hepatic insufficiency are the most common causes of hyperammonemia in
      the dog. Hyperammonemia, however, in the absence of recognizable concurrent
      hepatic disease, also may result from urinary stasis and infection with urea
      splitting organisms.

PMID- 3693030
TI  - Anury in two Cairn terriers.
AB  - Congenital anury (taillessness) was observed in 2 Cairn Terriers. Fecal staining
      of the hind limbs was evident in both dogs. A mating of the affected dogs
      produced a litter of 2 apparently normal pups. The small litter size may have
      been attributable to lethal gene combinations similar to those described in mice.
      The radiographic appearance of the caudal and sacral vertebrae was atypical in
      both tailless dogs. Results of myelography and electrodiagnostic testing of anal
      sphincter function were normal in one of the dogs. One of the tailless dogs was
      euthanatized and was found to lack specific muscles and muscle parts responsible
      for normal defecation, which resulted in fecal staining of the hind limbs.
      Pedigree analysis revealed the tailless dogs to be closely related and slightly
      inbred, suggesting a hereditary etiologic factor for anury.

PMID- 3693032
TI  - Aplastic anemia associated with trimethoprim-sulfadiazine and fenbendazole
      administration in a dog.
AB  - A dog that was treated with trimethoprim-sulfadiazine and fenbendazole developed
      transient aplastic anemia. The onset of bone marrow aplasia at 14 days after
      initiation of treatment and remission of it after cessation of treatment
      suggested that the aplasia was drug-induced. A hematologically normal dog treated
      with the same drug combination failed to develop hematologic dyscrasia. Because
      of the potential toxic effects of trimethoprim-sulfadiazine and/or fenbendazole,
      animals under treatment with this combination should be monitored by use of
      periodic CBC.

PMID- 3693033
TI  - Corticosteroid (methylprednisolone sodium succinate) pulse therapy in five dogs
      with autoimmune skin disease.
AB  - Corticosteroid pulse therapy is the parenteral administration of
      suprapharmacologic doses of methylprednisolone sodium succinate for short
      periods. Five dogs diagnosed as having autoimmune skin disease were treated,
      using pulse therapy, with subsequent dramatic and rapid improvement of skin
      lesions. The dogs had no adverse clinical signs attributable to the treatment.
      All dogs had a relapse of clinical signs after a maintenance protocol (0.5 mg/kg,
      q 48 h) of orally administered prednisone was started. Skin lesions on 4 of 5
      dogs eventually were controlled by prednisone, azathioprine, or gold therapy.

PMID- 3693035
TI  - Pyometra in cats: 183 cases (1979-1984).
AB  - Pyometra was diagnosed in 183 cats. The most common signs detected by owners
      included vaginal discharge, anorexia, and lethargy. Main clinical findings on
      physical examination were vaginal discharge, abdominal distention, dehydration,
      palpable uterus, and pyrexia. Abdominal radiography revealed a large uterus in
      138/169 cats. Most cats had leukocytosis with a left shift. Diagnosis of pyometra
      was confirmed at surgery in all cats on the basis of finding a large uterus
      containing purulent material. Clinical signs resolved in 168 cats after surgery;
      15 cats (8%) died or were euthanatized. Postoperative complications in 20%
      generally resolved within 2 weeks after the cats were sent home. Signs detected
      by owners and results of physical examination in cats with pyometra were similar,
      but not as conspicuous as those reported in the dog. Mortality (8%) was similar
      to that seen in dogs.

PMID- 3693034
TI  - Management of cryptococcosis and toxic epidermal necrolysis in a dog.
AB  - Generalized cryptococcosis with CNS involvement was diagnosed in a 3-year-old
      spayed German Shorthaired Pointer. Clinical findings included Horner's syndrome,
      generalized lymphadenopathy, temporal muscle atrophy, and chorioretinitis. Toxic
      epidermal necrolysis resulted after 19 days of treatment with 5-fluorocytosine
      and amphotericin B. After discontinuation of the 5-fluorocytosine and
      amphotericin B and treatment with cephradine and ketoconazole, the toxic
      epidermal necrolysis resolved. Treatment was completed without further
      complication by using amphotericin B and ketoconazole concurrently.

PMID- 3693036
TI  - Dynamic intramedullary crosspinning technique for repair of distal femoral
      fractures in dogs and cats: 71 cases (1981-1985)
AB  - Dynamic intramedullary crosspinning was used in the surgical treatment of
      supracondylar and distal physeal fractures of the femur in 129 dogs and cats over
      a 5-year period; the records of the 44 dogs and 27 cats with follow-up
      information up to time of bony union were evaluated. The results were good or
      excellent in 66 of 71 animals (93%). The mean follow-up period was 22 months.
      Distal pin migration was the major complication (10 animals; 14%). The pin
      migrated before bony union in 2 animals because of instability and collapse at
      the fracture site. The pin migrated in 8 animals after bony union and was
      associated with intermittent lameness. In 5 of these, pin removal was performed
      and the lameness resolved.

PMID- 3693037
TI  - Cell production gradients in the developing ferret isocortex.
AB  - The accumulation of cells within the cortical plate was studied in ferrets at two
      developmental ages. A survey method based on the presumed radial organisation of
      cortical neuron production was used to sample variations in cell production along
      the rostrocaudal and laterodorsal axes of the brain. The resulting cell counts
      confirmed the presence of a gradient of cortical plate formation, with a
      rostrolateral focus. These findings were discussed in relation to some recent
      teratological studies on brain development in ferrets, where there has been a
      lack of normative data.

PMID- 3693038
TI  - Ultrastructural identification of folliculo-stellate cells in the pars distalis
      of the cat and dog pituitary gland.
AB  - Ultrastructural features of folliculo-stellate cells of the anterior lobe of the
      pituitary gland have been described in the cat and dog. These cells are agranular
      and form the lining of tiny follicles into which microvilli project. Long
      expanding cytoplasmic processes are intermingled with granular cells of various
      types without special relationships to one cell type or another. A few features
      are reported which are peculiar to each species. The results are compared with
      those previously described.

PMID- 3693039
TI  - An anatomical and endoscopic study of the nasopharynx and larynx of the donkey
      (Equus asinus).
AB  - Using histological techniques, anatomical dissection, fibre optic endoscopy and
      radiography, the nasopharynx and larynx of the donkey were examined and
      described. Compared with horses, donkeys have a much deeper pharyngeal recess
      extending 4.0-6.0 cm caudally from a constricted orifice, through which it
      communicates with the nasopharynx. Movements of the membranous lining of the
      recess reflect pressure changes in the upper airways. A shallow, thumb shaped
      depression on the rostral face of each vocal fold corresponds in position to the
      lateral ventricle in the horse. In the donkey, large paired laryngeal saccules,
      interposed between the thyroarytenoideus muscle and the thyroid cartilage, open
      into the laryngeal cavity through small circular orifices near the rostroventral
      extremity of the vestibular folds. The large thyroarytenoideus muscle is
      subdivided into vestibular and vocal parts, which are thought to control the
      expression of secretion from the laryngeal saccules. The unusual characteristics
      of vocalisation in the donkey may be related to the shape and orientation of the
      resonance chambers of the upper airways. In comparison with the horse, the
      asinine nasopharynx is markedly constricted in its middle part and the laryngeal
      airway has a more acute angulation relative to the nasopharynx. Vocalisation in
      the donkey was observed to have an inspiratory and an expiratory component.

PMID- 3693040
TI  - The effect of in vivo hydrocortisone administration on the labelling index and
      size of chromaffin tissue in the postnatal and adult mouse.
AB  - Hydrocortisone administration in vivo to neonatal mice for seven days led to a
      significant increase in both the size and the labelling index of extra-adrenal
      chromaffin tissue (as represented by the para-aortic body) of 8 days old mice. In
      untreated animals at this age, the para-aortic body was in most cases too small
      to obtain a valid labelling index. In the para-aortic bodies of 14 days old, 21
      days old and adult mice, the extra-adrenal chromaffin tissue was too dispersed to
      obtain values for either volumetric analysis or labelling indices, and
      hydrocortisone was without significant effect in promoting a hyperplastic
      response. In the postnatal adrenal medulla at all ages studied, hydrocortisone
      had no effect on the medullary size or on the labelling indices of either
      adrenaline- or noradrenaline-storing cells, although it led to a marked
      diminution of adrenocortical volume. The relative proportion of adrenaline
      storing cells increased between the values for 8 days old animals and those for
      adults; this was unaffected by hydrocortisone. The cortico-medullary ratio
      remained unchanged from the eighth postnatal day onwards. The results are
      discussed and related to those of other workers. It is suggested that factors as
      yet unknown might modulate the response to corticosteroids of developing intra-
      and extra-adrenal chromaffin tissue.

PMID- 3693041
TI  - Sertoli cells and various types of multinucleates in the rat seminiferous tubules
      following temporary ligation of the testicular artery.
AB  - The effects of temporary ligation of the testicular artery have been analysed in
      rats with respect to Sertoli cells and multinucleated spermatogenic cells. The
      first cells to show ultrastructural changes are the Sertoli cells which
      progressively degenerate, leading to complete necrosis as the duration of
      ligation and post-ligation survival interval increases. The degree of
      degeneration of spermatogenic cells depends on the severity of Sertoli cell
      destruction. Temporary ligation of the testicular artery causes the formation of
      various types of multinucleated spermatogenic cells in the seminiferous
      epithelium. The mechanisms involved in the multinucleate formation are cell
      fusion, karyokinesis devoid of cytokinesis and phagocytosis. The variety of
      noxious agents causing formation of multinucleated spermatogenic cells in the
      seminiferous tubules of a number of species including man implies that the
      occurrence of multinucleated spermatogenic cells is not a specific response of
      the testis to a particular type of agent.

PMID- 3693042
TI  - Observations on the bony bridging of the jugular foramen in man.
AB  - The anatomical nature and pattern of incidence of bony bridging of the jugular
      foramen was investigated using 64 fetal crania aged nine months to term and 222
      adult crania of Japanese. In addition, the region of the jugular foramen of an
      adult cadaver was carefully dissected in order to clarify the relationship
      between the cranial nerves passing through the jugular foramen and the
      intrajugular processes of the jugular foramen. The general conclusions concerning
      the anatomical nature of the bony bridging of the jugular foramen were as
      follows. (1) The intrajugular process of the temporal bone is situated posterior
      to the triangular depression (as described in Gray's Anatomy) of the petrous
      part. (2) The bony bridging of the jugular foramen is established by the contact
      of the intrajugular process of the temporal bone with the bony process of the
      occipital bone projecting either from just above the hypoglossal canal (Type I)
      or from posterior to the hypoglossal canal (Type III). (3) If both the processes
      of the occipital bone reach the intrajugular process of the temporal bone
      simultaneously, the jugular foramen is divided into three compartments. (4) In
      the case of Type I bridging, the anteromedial compartment transmits the
      glossopharyngeal nerve, while the posterolateral compartment gives passage to the
      vagus nerve, the accessory nerve and the internal jugular vein. (5) In the case
      of Type II bridging, the anteromedial compartment contains the glossopharyngeal,
      vagus and accessory nerves, and the posterolateral compartment transmits the
      internal jugular vein. (6) When tripartite division of the jugular foramen
      occurs, the anteromedial compartment transmits the glossopharyngeal nerve, the
      middle compartment contains the vagus and accessory nerves, and the
      posterolateral compartment transmits the internal jugular vein. Concerning the
      pattern of incidence of jugular foramen bridging in the Japanese fetal and adult
      cranial series, this is similar to that of the bony bridging of the hypoglossal
      canal. The fact that almost all the cases of bridging of the jugular foramen are
      already established by the end of fetal development must serve as a strong
      indication that this trait can be used effectively for anthropological population
      studies.

PMID- 3693043
TI  - Ultrastructural observations on the terminal segment epithelium of the
      seminiferous tubule of West African dwarf goats.
AB  - In the testes of West African dwarf goats, modified Sertoli cells comprise the
      major component of the terminal segment epithelium. They resemble Sertoli cells
      proper but differ in the paucity of agranular endoplasmic reticulum and lipid
      droplets. Cell attachment devices present include rudimentary desmosomes and
      occasional multiple contacts of opposing plasma membranes, interrupted by
      segments of slightly expanded intercellular space. A few generative cells are
      present in the proximal zone of the epithelium, but their development appears to
      terminate as early spermatids which hang loosely on the luminal surface. The
      middle zone epithelium comprises vacuolated cells lying among other cells
      containing abundant microtubules in their subapical cytoplasm. Globular
      expansions of the intercellular space are also apparent. The terminal plug
      contains two cell types. Type I are inclined, columnar cells which contain
      profuse arrays of agranular endoplasmic reticulum in their apical cytoplasm. Type
      II are smaller cells located at the apex of the plug. Each possesses cytoplasmic
      processes, which surround the apices of Type I cells. The modified Sertoli cells
      of all zones and the Type II plug cells contain remnants of spermatozoa at
      different stages of degradation. The general absence of developing generative
      cells in the terminal segment epithelium may be related to the paucity of
      agranular endoplasmic reticulum in the basal cytoplasm of modified Sertoli cells
      and the absence of typical Sertoli-Sertoli junctional specialisations. Structural
      modifications evident in the middle and distal zones facilitate distalward
      movement of materials, while the attenuation and modification of the lumen
      distally may facilitate phagocytosis of abnormal spermatozoa.

PMID- 3693044
TI  - Effects of exogenous progesterone following ovariectomy on the metrial glands of
      pregnant mice.
AB  - The numbers of granulated metrial gland cells, the percentage of them
      incorporating tritiated thymidine and the numbers of granulated metrial gland
      cell precursors in a defined area of the metrial gland, and the cross sectional
      area of the metrial gland, have been determined in mice ovariectomised on Day 8
      of pregnancy. The effects, on these parameters and on fetal survival, of
      progesterone treatment, given at two levels (0.5 mg or 1 mg twice daily) and
      started immediately after ovariectomy or after 6, 10 or 24 hours delay, have been
      studied. Granulated metrial gland cell number, DNA synthetic activity and metrial
      gland size decreased rapidly after ovariectomy but there was a significant
      increase in the number of granulated metrial gland cell precursors in the first
      24 hours. Progesterone treatment, at the higher dose level started immediately
      after ovariectomy, resulted in significantly more granulated metrial gland cells
      in the area analysed two days after ovariectomy although a normal proportion of
      them were in DNA synthesis. Immediate progesterone treatment, at the higher dose
      level, was able to prolong the DNA synthetic activity of granulated metrial gland
      cells until Day 19 and this probably accounted for the significantly greater
      numbers of granulated metrial gland cells in these mice than in control mice, at
      this time. Delaying progesterone treatment at the higher level by 24 hours
      significantly reduced the size of the metrial glands at Day 10 but there was no
      effect on the cellular composition of the area analysed. Delaying the lower dose
      of progesterone treatment by 24 hours also resulted in small metrial glands and
      was associated with significantly fewer granulated metrial gland cells in the
      area analysed but significantly more of them were synthesising DNA. The
      observations are discussed and an attempt is made to relate the effects on
      individual fetal and placental survival to the effects on the corresponding
      metrial glands.

PMID- 3693045
TI  - Development of hair coat and skin glands in fetal porcine integument.
AB  - The prenatal development of the hair coat and skin glands was studied in skin
      samples of ten body regions of porcine fetuses (German Landrace) ranging between
      40 and 114 days (birth) of gestation (15-1000 g body weight), using light
      microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. During the development of hair
      follicles, central and lateral primary hair follicles as well as secondary hair
      follicles can be distinguished. Initiation of primary hair follicles begins at 40
      41 days of gestational age (15 g BW) and has finished at 73 days (300 g BW). The
      structural development of the primary hair follicle is described in detail, and
      is divided into twelve stages, in general agreement with those of other mammals.
      The secondary hair follicles formed later remain rudimentary and disappear during
      the birth period. The length, depth, density and angle of slope of the primary
      hair follicles, and the depth of the apocrine skin glands were measured. The
      development of hair follicle length is closely correlated with the increase in
      body weight. There is a similar but changing correlation for the development of
      hair follicle density, especially in connection with hair follicle initiation. In
      the development of the apocrine skin glands, a branching of the secretory tubule
      is conspicuous. Secretion does not begin before birth. The development of the
      sebaceous glands is closely related to hair follicle maturation, i.e. the
      formation of the first hair canal. The results are discussed in relation to
      findings from corresponding studies in small laboratory animals, other domestic
      mammals and man.

PMID- 3693047
TI  - Interparietal bones in Nigerian skulls.
AB  - The study was conducted on 40 adult Nigerian skulls which were examined for the
      presence of interparietal and pre-interparietal bones. Only one interparietal
      bone was found (2.5% of the present series) while a single pre-interparietal bone
      was found in four skulls (10%) and multiple pre-interparietal bones in one skull
      (2.5%).

PMID- 3693046
TI  - The arterial blood supply of human inguinal and mesenteric lymph nodes.
AB  - Injection of the arterial tree supplying human inguinal (superficial) and
      mesenteric (deep) lymph nodes was performed using a barium sulphate suspension.
      Radiography and histological examination showed two distinct types of arterial
      supply to lymph nodes. The superficial inguinal nodes are generally supplied by a
      single artery which penetrates the hilum and then radiates outwards to the lymph
      node pulp. The deep mesenteric lymph nodes, in contrast, are invariably supplied
      by several separate arteries which penetrate the nodal capsule, enter the
      trabeculae and run centripetally. These differences reflect the microanatomical
      differences in structure between deep and superficial lymph nodes. The two types
      of blood supply may be responsible for the different patterns of ischaemia found
      in deep and superficial lymph nodes. The findings re-emphasise the heterogeneous
      character of lymph nodes in man.

PMID- 3693048
TI  - On the response of the regional testicular lymph nodes after unilateral vasectomy
      in rats.
AB  - The histological response of the regional testicular lymph node has been studied
      at intervals from 1-12 weeks after unilateral vasectomy in rats. The criteria of
      a humoral immune response were increase in volume of the node, of number and size
      of germinal centres and of thickness and cellularity of medullary cords.
      Histological evidence of an immune response was delayed and variable, in
      conformity with serological data. Variability in the lymphatic drainage of the
      testis and epididymis has not been finally excluded as a cause of this variation
      in response. Variability of response did not seem to correlate with variation in
      site and size of the sperm granuloma, which is thought to be the principal site
      of leakage of sperm antigens.

PMID- 3693049
TI  - Lymph drainage from the mammary gland in sheep.
AB  - Lymph from the mammary gland passes through at least three lymph nodes. These are
      usually the mammary, iliofemoral and medial iliac, although the subiliac,
      internal inguinal and sacral lymph nodes may also be involved. The iliofemoral, a
      large, flattened node in the dorsolateral wall of the pelvis, receives lymph from
      subiliac and popliteal as well as mammary nodes. Afferent lymphatic vessels
      either enter the subcapsular sinus on the dorsal surface of this node, or
      penetrate more deeply into the node. Lymphatics carrying mammary lymph enter more
      caudally than those from the popliteal or subiliac lymph nodes. Evans blue dye,
      injected into the mammary gland, showed a characteristic distribution within the
      mammary and iliofemoral nodes. Within the iliofemoral nodes it was present mainly
      in the caudal part. However, when China ink was used, carbon particles were
      distributed throughout most of the ipsilateral mammary nodes. In the iliofemoral
      node the carbon was distributed more widely than the Evans blue; it was found,
      mostly within macrophages, over the whole length of the node. A similar
      distribution of carbon was seen when it entered from the popliteal node. It
      appears likely that, although lymph from the mammary gland shows some preference
      for the caudal part of the iliofemoral node, constituents of this lymph may mix
      within the node with lymph from other primary nodes.

PMID- 3693050
TI  - A new description of the lumbar erector spinae muscle in man.
AB  - A study of the attachments of the musculotendinous fibres of the lumbar erector
      spinae muscle shows that it is made of two parts: a superficial or costal part,
      and a deep or vertebral part. The superficial part arises by small fleshy slips
      from the posterior (superficial) surface as well as the rostral and lateral
      margins of the erector spinae aponeurosis. It inserts by slender flattened
      tendons into the lower ten ribs. The deep part arises by large fleshy laminae
      from the deep surface of the erector spinae aponeurosis. It inserts through
      musculotendinous fibres mainly into the upper four lumbar and lower eight
      thoracic vertebrae. The superficial part corresponds to the iliocostalis lumborum
      and upper part of the longissimus thoracis. The deep part corresponds to the
      lower part of the longissimus thoracis. The functional significance of the
      present findings is discussed.

PMID- 3693051
TI  - Histological and structural observations on pre-anal glands of the gekkonid
      lizard, Hemidactylus flaviviridis.
AB  - This paper describes a structural and histological study of the pre-anal glands
      of Hemidactylus flaviviridis. Only males possess these glands, which have a
      tubulo-acinar structure. They are holocrine in nature and become hyperactive
      during the breeding period. Thus they may be involved in the production of
      pheromones for socio-sexual communication.

PMID- 3693052
TI  - Growth of the nasal septal cartilage of the rat in vitro.
AB  - The nasal septal cartilage from 4 days old rats was cultured in a serum-free
      chemically defined medium for 10 days to establish the intrinsic capacity for
      growth. Moreover, to obtain an indication of the separating potential, the
      maximal pressure generated by this growth was determined in a specially designed
      in vitro pressure registration system. The results show that, though to a lesser
      extent in comparison with the same period in vivo, the nasal septal cartilage
      increased considerably in size while the shape was preserved. The greatest force
      was generated by the longitudinally growing rod-like base of the nasal septal
      cartilage; the smallest force was generated by growth in height. The in vitro
      growth behaviour and growth pressure characteristics of the nasal septal
      cartilage corresponded with those previously found for epiphyseal cartilage. The
      present results suggest a prominent role for the nasal septal cartilage in
      midfacial outgrowth in the rat.

PMID- 3693053
TI  - The adrenal and renal veins of man and their connections with azygos and lumbar
      veins.
AB  - There exist many variations in the manner of formation, dimensions and place of
      termination of the central adrenal veins. In addition, some superficial adrenal
      veins may be substantial in size and may themselves drain directly into the renal
      veins and/or into other vessels which communicate with azygos and lumbar veins.
      This provides a route for venous adrenal blood to the heart via the azygos system
      and the superior vena cava rather than via the inferior vena cava. Variations in
      the formation and disposition of the renal veins are also described and the
      patterns of communication between somatic veins (including veins of the azygos
      and lumbar systems) and the left renal vein are illustrated and discussed in
      relation to the findings of others.

PMID- 3693054
TI  - Gyrus formation in the cerebral cortex in the ferret. I. Description of the
      external changes.
AB  - The external features of gyrus formation in the postnatal ferret cerebral cortex
      are described and correlated with certain internal changes. The observations
      indicate that gyri are formed by longitudinal and radial expansion of the
      cortical compartment occurring between relatively fixed areas which form the
      sulcal floors. The gyri were initially rounded with open sulci and the cerebrum
      had a rectangular outline when seen in lateral and dorsal view. By adult life the
      hemisphere had been subjected to considerable moulding by the growing skull, so
      that the frontal pole of the cerebrum became pointed while the sulcal walls
      became closely opposed and the gyral crowns flattened.

PMID- 3693055
TI  - Freeze-fracture observations on human peripheral nerve.
AB  - A study has been made on the appearances in normal human sural nerve using freeze
      fracture replication techniques. These have included qualitative observations on
      the major membrane systems and quantitative assessments of the density of
      intramembranous particles in the perineurial cell membranes, myelin, the nodal
      and internodal axolemma of myelinated nerve fibres and the axolemma of
      unmyelinated axons. The results have been compared with those obtained in other
      species.

PMID- 3693056
TI  - Ultrastructure of Leydig cells in human ageing testes.
AB  - Ultrastructural study of Leydig cells in elderly men revealed the following
      Leydig cell types: (1) ultrastructurally normal Leydig cells (46.2%); (2) Leydig
      cells either with multiple cytoplasmic or intranuclear Reinke crystals or with
      numerous para-crystalline inclusions (6.1%); (3) multivacuolated Leydig cells
      with the cytoplasm almost filled by lipid droplets (16.7%; (4) dedifferentiated
      Leydig cells with poor development of agranular endoplasmic reticulum and
      mitochondria, and increased amounts of lipofuscin granules (22.3%); and (5) bi-
      or trinucleate Leydig cells (8.7%) showing either a normal (2.8%) or
      dedifferentiated (5.9%) cytoplasm. These results suggest an involution of Leydig
      cells with advancing age. A correlation between the proportion of altered Leydig
      cells and the decrease in testosterone and increase in luteinising hormone levels
      could be observed.

PMID- 3693057
TI  - Ultrastructural evidence for fibril-to-fibril associations in articular cartilage
      and their functional implication.
AB  - This study presents ultrastructural evidence for the presence of a variety of
      fibril-to-fibril interactions or associations in the architecture of the general
      matrix of articular cartilage. These interactions are believed to serve a higher
      purpose of repeatedly constraining an overall radial arrangement of fibrils into
      an array of oblique interconnecting segments thus creating a three dimensional
      meshwork within which the hydrated ground substance is constrained. It is argued
      that any reduction in these interfibrillar interactions will allow the oblique
      fibril segments to revert to a low energy radial configuration, thus explaining
      the presence of such arrays prominent in various degenerate forms of articular
      cartilage.

PMID- 3693058
TI  - An ultrastructural study of age-associated changes in the rabbit synovial
      membrane.
AB  - The synovial membranes of 5 young rabbits about 6 weeks old and 5 older rabbits
      about 3-4 years old were studied with the light and electron microscopes, with a
      view to discovering any age-associated changes that might occur. Several age
      associated changes were noted. These included: (1) a reduction in the overall
      population of synovial intimal cells; (2) a statistically significant reduction
      in type B cells and a relative increase in type A cells; (3) the emergence of
      atrophic cells poorly endowed with organelles; (4) decreased vascularity; and (5)
      fibrosis.

PMID- 3693059
TI  - Transphyseal blood vessels exist in avian species.
AB  - The distal femora and proximal and distal tibiae of 4 weeks old broiler chickens
      have three main types of blood vessels in the growth plate region-metaphyseal,
      epiphyseal and transphyseal. The transphyseal vessels extend across the entire
      thickness of the avian growth plate and provide a means of luminal communication
      between the metaphysis and epiphysis.

PMID- 3693061
TI  - Secondary tensor and supinator muscles of the human proximal radio-ulnar joint.
AB  - A gross anatomical study was made of the human elbow. Three very small muscles
      were found that are not described in contemporary anatomical publications. A
      lateral tensor muscle of the annular ligament was observed in seven of every ten
      cadavers; its action is to tense or pull the annular ligament laterally during
      supination. A medial tensor muscle of the annular ligament was found in two of
      every ten cadavers; its action is to tense the annular ligament, pulling it
      medially and distally, and to assist in supination. An accessory supinator muscle
      was found in four of ten cadavers; its action is to assist in supination. These
      muscles would be synergistic to the primary supinator muscles of the radio-ulnar
      joint.

PMID- 3693060
TI  - The granular peripolar cell of the human glomerulus: an ultrastructural study.
AB  - Normal human kidneys were examined for the presence of granular peripolar cells.
      The prominent feature of the human peripolar cell was the presence of numerous
      cytoplasmic membrane-bound granules, which had the appearance of secretory
      granules. Most of the granules had a homogeneous matrix with no crystalline
      substructure. We found no examples of exocytosis, but there were many complex
      invaginations of the cell membrane. The ultrastructural features of the human
      peripolar cell are those of a secretory epithelial cell.

PMID- 3693062
TI  - Fracture repair of reptilian dermal bones: can reptiles form secondary cartilage?
AB  - The fracture repair of reptilian dermal bones has not previously been reported.
      Moreover, repair of fractured dermal bones in birds and mammals involves
      secondary chondrogenesis whereas that of amphibians does not. Therefore an
      investigation into the repair of fractured reptilian dermal bones could reveal
      the stage during vertebrate evolution at which the process of secondary
      chondrogenesis appeared. Experimental incisions were made in the parietal bones
      of seventeen lizards (3 species) and 2 snakes (1 species). These resulted in a
      fracture environment of limited vascularity and increased movement--two known
      stimuli of secondary chondrogenesis in birds and mammals. Re-epithelialisation
      was rapid and dead bony fragments quickly sequestered. The blood blot was quickly
      organised into connective tissue, the dural periostea proliferated, osteoblasts
      differentiated and bony union was effected after 18 days. The width of the
      fracture gap was the principal variable affecting the chronology of fracture
      repair. Secondary cartilage was not detected in any specimen, of any species, at
      any stage of the fracture repair. It therefore appears that the progenitor cells
      on reptilian dermal bones are not capable of forming secondary cartilage and that
      this tissue arose comparatively late in vertebrate evolution.

PMID- 3693063
TI  - Differentiation of the myocardial rudiment of mouse embryos: an ultrastructural
      study including freeze-fracture replication.
AB  - The differentiation of the myocardial rudiment was examined in mouse embryos,
      isolated between the afternoons of the eighth and ninth days of gestation, by
      means of transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin sections and of freeze
      fracture replicas; some of the material used for sectioning was labelled with
      ruthenium red. Formation of the presumptive pericardial cavity commences during
      the late presomite stage (afternoon of the eighth day) and the myocardial
      rudiment originates in situ as a thickening of the splanchnic pericardial lining.
      Initially, the myocardium comprises an epithelium or plate directly exposed to
      the pericardial lumen and overlying a separate layer of endocardial elements. As
      the heart tube bulges into the pericardial coelom, it becomes surrounded by a
      sleeve of myocardium which thickens and stratifies during the ninth day and
      subsequently (on the tenth day) acquires an epicardial covering of flattened
      cells. The myocardium commences pulsations at or about the 3-4 somite stage
      (morning of the ninth day) by which time the myoblasts already contain striated
      myofibrillae and specialised cell junctions. From its earliest appearance, the
      myocardial plate contains tight junctions and desmosomes between the lateral
      borders of the apical parts of the myoblasts. Gap junctions soon appear in the
      same regions and they increase in number and extent, as the myoblasts elongate
      and divide, thus establishing contact in various planes; they are supplemented by
      the formation of fasciae adherentes and of more desmosomes. On the other hand,
      tight junctions decline in extent and are eventually confined to the epicardium.
      Other features such as caveolae and T-tubules are not established by the end of
      the ninth day and coupling arrangements of the sarcoplasmic reticulum are only in
      the rudimentary stages of formation.

PMID- 3693064
TI  - A Golgi study of the sixth layer of the cerebral cortex. II. The gyrencephalic
      brain of Carnivora, Artiodactyla and Primates.
AB  - The sixth layer of the cerebral cortex has been studied by means of the Golgi
      method in Carnivora (dog and cat), Artiodactyla (cow and sheep), and Primates
      (human) brains; a basic structural uniformity being observed in all these
      species. Projection neurons of lamina VIa were large and medium sized pyramidal
      neurons (including atypical and multiapical), small pyramidal cells, and spinous
      multipolar neurons with long descending axons. Projection neurons of lamina VIb
      were medium sized pyramidal neurons and small pyramids, horizontal pyramids,
      inverted pyramidal cells, spinous multipolar neurons with long descending axons
      and large fusiform cells. Local circuit neurons of lamina VIa were Martinotti
      cells, basket neurons, neurogliaform cells, sparsely spinous neurons with whirled
      axons, spine-free multipolar cells and bipolar neurons. Local circuit neurons of
      lamina VIb were sparsely spinous and spine-free multipolar cells with short axons
      and bipolar neurons. Marked differences were observed between gyral, intermediate
      and fissural regions. Fusiform and bipolar neurons were vertically arranged in
      the former, but were tangentially orientated in intermediate and fissural
      regions; inverted pyramidal cells were present in the gyrus but horizontal
      pyramids were the respective cells in the intermediate and fissural zones. When
      compared with lissencephalic species, a great horizontal fibrillary system (which
      is vertically arranged in gyral regions) was observed in convoluted brains. Cells
      of origin were fusiform neurons, bipolar cells, horizontal and inverted pyramids
      and pyramidal neurons (the latter by means of horizontal axonal collaterals). The
      great development of this cortico-cortical association system in gyrencephalic
      species is considered to be a major step in neocortical evolution.

PMID- 3693065
TI  - Structure of the glandular layer and koilin membrane in the gizzard of the adult
      domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus).
AB  - The koilin membrane is formed by the secretions of gland, crypt and surface
      epithelial cells. Glands form a continuous layer and are arranged in groups of 10
      20. They are straight tubes about 500 microns long and 15 microns in diameter and
      produce rodlets of hard koilin. Hard koilin rodlets (5 microns diameter) form
      clusters of five or six as they pass through the crypts and enter the koilin
      membrane. Each rodlet hardens within its gland and maintains its individuality
      throughout its entire length. Rodlet clusters have previously been called 'rods'.
      Most of the softer koilin, which fills the spaces between the rodlet clusters, is
      produced by the surface epithelial cells. These cells form gentle arches between
      the cavities of adjacent crypts. Horizontal branches between rodlet clusters
      ('rods') do not exist. There is approximately twice as much surface koilin as
      rodlet koilin within the membrane. Abrasion of the koilin membrane is not uniform
      but occurs in a patchy fashion.

PMID- 3693066
TI  - Arterial supply of the rat superior cervical ganglion: a morphological and
      semiquantitative histochemical investigation.
AB  - A combination of morphological and semiquantitative techniques has been employed
      to characterise the arterial supply to the rat superior cervical ganglion.
      Microfil and ink-injected preparations indicate that the major supply is from the
      carotid body artery which sends several branches to the rostral part of the
      ganglion and a recurrent branch to its caudal part. Occlusion of the proximal
      part of the external carotid artery, and hence the carotid body artery (whether
      it be derived from the external carotid or occipital artery), produces a dramatic
      reduction in neuronal succinate dehydrogenase activity within 30 minutes. In
      contrast, section of the preganglionic trunk and vagus nerves--whose vascular
      beds are seen to anastomose with that of the superior cervical ganglion--results
      in no observable change in ganglion activity. It is concluded that the carotid
      body artery is the only significant artery of supply to the rat superior cervical
      ganglion and therefore that preganglionic neurectomies can be carried out without
      risk of anoxia to the neurons of the ganglion.

PMID- 3693067
TI  - The effect of posture on diffusion into lumbar intervertebral discs.
AB  - The diffusion of small solutes into the intervertebral discs of cadaveric lumbar
      motion segments was measured using a radioactive tracer technique. The motion
      segments were wedged and loaded to simulate erect posture and flexed sitting
      postures. The results show that erect posture favours diffusion into the anterior
      half of the disc compared to the posterior half. Flexed posture, by deforming the
      annulus fibrosus, reverses this imbalance.

PMID- 3693068
TI  - The participation of cartilage canals in the ossification of the human fetal
      calcaneum.
AB  - The relationship of cartilage canals to the developing ossification centres in
      the human calcaneum was investigated. The cartilage canals were always present in
      the calcaneum by 78 mm CR length. The calcaneum has two primary ossification
      centres. The main centre was identified in the deep part of the calcaneum as a
      spherical zone of cartilage cells in the proliferative phase between 82 and 120
      mm CR length and in the hypertrophic phase between 130-156 mm. Numerous cartilage
      canals entered the calcaneum from its dorsal and ventral surfaces and, between
      106 and 156 mm CR length, they formed vascular arcades around this centre.
      Between 165 and 175 mm, calcification and marrow space formation were noted
      involving branches from the adjoining cartilage canals within these areas, which
      provided vascular osteogenic tissue to the early spaces. The inconstant
      parachondral centre, when present, may appear first during the fourth month as a
      periosteal reaction on the inferolateral side in the anterior wall of a deep
      groove in front of the posterior tuberosity of the calcaneum. By 120 mm CR
      length, a thin layer of subperiosteal bone was present along with a zone of early
      hypertrophic cartilage cells deep to it. Calcification and marrow space formation
      occurred by 165 mm and these marrow spaces were supplied by periosteal buds.
      Osteoid tissue was formed in them between 186 and 206 mm CR length. The main
      centre was oval in shape due to its posterolateral extension irrespective of the
      presence or absence of the parachondral centre.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3693069
TI  - The pineal organ of bats: a comparative morphological and volumetric
      investigation.
AB  - Bats are seasonal breeders and roost under a wide range of lighting conditions,
      from broad daylight to the total darkness of subterranean passageways and caves.
      Some are true hibernators. These characteristics and the paucity of information
      on their pineal organ prompted this investigation, which is based upon the
      pineals of 191 specimens of 88 species and 12 families of bats. Comparative
      morphological and volumetric observations have been made on serially sectioned
      brains of each species. Data include brain and body weights, mean pineal
      dimensions and volume, a computed pineal size index for each species and salient
      characteristics and relations of the pineal organ of the 12 chiropteran families.
      Generally speaking, despite some exceptions, larger bodied bats also have larger
      pineals. Bats of the microchiropteran families such as the Emballonuridae,
      Megadermatidae, Rhinolophidae, Hipposideridae, and a few vespertilionids (for
      example, Myotis adversus) and molossids (for example, Tadarida mops), have very
      large pineal organs, of which many reach the brain surface. All of these bat
      families inhabit dark caves. By contrast, in megachiropterans (pteropodids) which
      roost in broad daylight, the pineal lies deeply recessed and covered by the
      cerebral hemispheres. It is postulated that in general the superficial and deep
      location of pineal in micro- and megachiropteran species respectively may be a
      consequence of several factors, such as their habitat and their neocortical and
      cerebellar development. A system of classifying chiropteran pineal organs has
      been presented; in most species they are either of Type A or of Type AB. Most
      species have non-uniformly distributed parenchymal cells arranged in cords or
      clusters. In some species (for example, Rhinolopus trifoliatus and R. luctus)
      morphologically distinct dorsal and ventral divisions are observed. Pineal
      vascularity appears to be related to its size. Intrapineal neurons are rare and,
      when present, are associated with blood vessels. Epithelium-lined cavities are
      seen in the pineals of several species, while in a few others, the pineal is
      either absent or consists of a few scattered cells. Variable relationships
      between the pineal and the habenular commissure suggest that they may be
      unrelated functionally.

PMID- 3693070
TI  - Comparative studies on the distribution of binucleate cells in the placentae of
      the deer and cow using the monoclonal antibody, SBU-3.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody SBU-3 raised against an antigen expressed by the binucleate
      cells in the trophoblast of the sheep placentome crossreacts with an antigen
      expressed by binucleate cells in the placenta of the deer and the cow. This
      monoclonal antibody has been used to study the distribution of this subpopulation
      of binucleate cells in the deer and cow during fetal development. In the deer at
      less than 30 days of gestation, SBU-3-positive binucleate cells were observed in
      the trophoblast of the chorionic villi and in the trophoblast at the
      interplacentomal areas. With the advancement of pregnancy, the placentome
      increased in size and SBU-3-positive binucleate cells were observed to localise
      mainly at the tips of the chorionic villi and were arranged in clusters. There
      was evidence of SBU-3-positive binucleate cell migration into the epithelium of
      the caruncular crypt, but there was no fusion of migrated cells to form a
      syncytial layer. Such a pattern of SBU-3-positive cell distribution was seen up
      to 95 days of gestation, the oldest placenta available for study. In the cow at
      28-34 days of gestation, SBU-3-positive binucleate cells were seen in the
      trophoblast located in close apposition to the caruncular epithelium. From 35-240
      days, there was an increase in the number of SBU-3-positive binucleate cells in
      the placentomal trophoblast. As in the deer, SBU-3-positive binucleate cells
      migrated into the epithelium of the caruncular crypt, and these cells did not
      fuse to form a syncytial layer. By 241-283 days, SBU-3-positive binucleate cells
      present in the placentomal trophoblast were stained less intensely. Many of the
      binucleate cells which had migrated into the epithelium of the caruncular crypts
      had pyknotic nuclei and scanty cytoplasm containing weakly stained SBU-3-positive
      product. It is concluded that the monoclonal antibody SBU-3 recognises an antigen
      common to ruminants which is expressed only by binucleate cells in the placenta.
      In the deer and the cow, granule transfer seems to be the primary function of
      binucleate cell migration. The histological classification of the mature placenta
      of the deer and the cow is epitheliochorial.

PMID- 3693071
TI  - The ultrastructure of the paratympanic organ in the domestic fowl (Gallus gallus
      domesticus).
AB  - The structure of the paratympanic organ in chickens was investigated by means of
      the transmission electron microscope. The epithelium lining the lumen of the
      paratympanic organ consists of sensory and non-sensory components. The sensory
      epithelium is composed of supporting and hair cells. The hair cells are similar
      to the type II receptor cells present in the neuroepithelia of the vestibule and
      of the lateral line organs. The afferent synapses at the bases of the hair cells
      are also described. The non-sensory epithelium is made up of cells with a clear
      cytoplasm and arranged in a single layer. It also contains dark, flattened cells
      which sometimes possess motile cilia. Special emphasis is given to the fact that
      the results agree with Vitali's theory that the paratympanic organ and the
      lateral line organs are homologous. It is concluded, therefore, that present
      knowledge about this structure is not yet sufficient to allow a definitive
      functional interpretation.

PMID- 3693072
TI  - Effects of cytochalasin B on cell to cell adhesion and cellular shape of embryo
      mesoderm cells in vitro.
AB  - The effects of cytochalasin B on chick embryo mesoderm cells cultured in vitro
      were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The untreated cells showed numerous
      filopodia and lamellipodia and they were flattened onto the coverslip. Several
      cellular clusters were observed in each culture. The treated cells did not show
      filopodia, they had a rounded shape and cellular clusters were not present on the
      coverslip. These alterations are discussed on the basis of the actions of
      cytochalasin B on the micrcfilamentous cytoskeleton and the role proposed for
      microfilaments in filopodia formation, cellular shape and locomotion. It was
      observed that the mechanisms of cell to cell adhesion of chick embryo mesoderm
      cells were not the same as the mechanisms of cell adhesion to artificial
      substrates.

PMID- 3693073
TI  - Perineurial differentiation in interchange grafts of rat peripheral nerve and
      spinal root.
AB  - The differentiation of the perineurium has been examined in replacement nerve
      grafts in which segments of the third lumbar dorsal root and the peroneal
      division of the sciatic nerve of rats were excised and resutured into the gaps.
      This was compared with perineurial differentiation in interchange grafts in which
      segments of peroneal nerve were grafted into the third lumbar dorsal root and
      vice versa. It was concluded that not only the origin of the graft but also the
      local tissue environment is important in determining the morphological outcome,
      the latter having the predominant influence.

PMID- 3693074
TI  - Ultrastructure of Peyer's patches in the domestic fowl and turkey.
AB  - Peyer's patches in the fowl and turkey were indistinguishable at the
      ultrastructural level and were similar in many respects to those found in
      mammals. They were overlaid by a lymphoepithelium containing undifferentiated
      intestinal epithelial cells with a well developed microvillous border, follicle
      associated epithelial (FAE) or M cells with short blunt microvilli, lymphocytes
      and plasma cells. FAE cells had a lightly stained cytoplasm with vacuoles and
      vesicles. They were similar to mammalian FAE cells. The lymphoid aggregates of
      Peyer's patches consisted of small and large lymphocytes, lymphoblasts and plasma
      cells. Macrophages and globule leucocytes were seen among the lymphoid cells.

PMID- 3693075
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of intervillous connections in the mature human
      placenta.
AB  - The appearances of intervillous connections linking villi in the mature human
      placenta are described using the scanning electron microscope. Whilst the
      majority passed between adjacent terminal villi, in some cases the
      interconnections linked terminal and intermediate villi, or even two intermediate
      villi. Two types of intervillous bridge were observed. Examples of the first type
      were remarkably consistent in size, being approximately 10-15 microns in
      diameter, whereas the second type comprised the extremely slender syncytial
      bridges, only 2-3 microns in diameter. Microvilli covered the surfaces of both
      types of bridge, and were identical to the microvilli covering the remainder of
      the villous surface. One important aspect of these villous interconnections is
      that they may rupture either during delivery of the placenta, or during
      subsequent tissue processing. Breakage most commonly occurs at the point of
      attachment of a bridge to the villous surface, and so results in the formation of
      stalk-like protrusions with discontinuous ends. Equally, areas of syncytial
      damage are created at the points of prior attachment. These roughly circular
      areas, 10-15 microns in diameter, should be considered a normal feature of the
      mature delivered placenta. It is important that anyone examining the placenta
      microscopically is aware of their occurrence so that if seen in section these
      areas are not misinterpreted and ascribed a pathological significance.

PMID- 3693076
TI  - Gyrus formation in the cerebral cortex of the ferret. II. Description of the
      internal histological changes.
AB  - The internal changes within a developing gyrus of the ferret cerebral cortex were
      studied by recording (i) the changing length and direction of the radial tissue
      lines and (ii) the emergence of the tangential banding of the classical six
      cortical layers. Together these lines provided a coordinate net whose
      deformations during development gave an indication of the differential growth
      occurring within a gyrus. The changes in these features suggested that a gyrus
      was initiated by an area of local growth appearing in the subplate and then in
      the suprajacent segment of cortical plate. During subsequent growth there was
      tangential spreading of the more mature tissue at the gyral crown while at the
      site of the future sulci the cortical plate remained immature and growth was
      retarded. During later stages the majority of tangential growth occurred in the
      parasulcal area. At this site a very much thinner cortex was generated from a
      segment of cortical plate of the same depth and degree of nuclear crowding as
      elsewhere, implying that growth here was resolved into tangential spreading. The
      cells and fibres of the deeper cortical layers of the sulcal cortex eventually
      became tangentially orientated suggesting that they subserved a commissural
      function between the columnar systems of adjacent gyri. At the scale prevailing
      in the ferret, gyrus formation was seen as a configuration which tended to
      conserve both the total length of the cortical columns and the depth of the
      individual cortical layers.

PMID- 3693077
TI  - A quantitative ultrastructural comparison of alpha and gamma motoneurons in the
      thoracic region of the spinal cord of the adult cat.
AB  - The cell bodies of motoneurons supplying both the levator costae and external
      intercostal muscles were identified after retrograde labelling with horseradish
      peroxidase. A quantitative ultrastructural comparison of cell bodies of large
      (greater than 40 microns) and small (less than 30 microns) diameter revealed that
      the intracellular appearance of large and small motoneurons was similar. However,
      small motoneurons had less than half the synaptic terminal frequency or cover of
      large motoneurons. Furthermore, only synapses of the S- and F-type were seen on
      small motoneurons, while S- T- F- and C-type terminals were consistently seen on
      large motoneurons. The variation between individual small motoneurons for various
      aspects of their synaptic features was more than twice that found for large
      motoneurons. No correlation between small motoneuronal ultrastructure and cell
      body diameter was found, although scatter diagrams of synaptic terminal cover
      against cell body size indicated the presence of two groups of small motoneurons:
      one with relatively high values for synaptic cover and the other with relatively
      low values. On the basis of the similarity of their cell body diameters to those
      of electrophysiologically identified alpha and gamma motoneurons, it is concluded
      that the large and small motoneurons examined in the present study are alpha and
      gamma motoneurons respectively. The synaptic difference found between alpha and
      gamma motoneurons is discussed in relation to both their different functional
      properties and the different natures of their respective peripheral targets.

PMID- 3693078
TI  - Axonal regeneration through arterial grafts.
AB  - The left common peroneal nerves of adult inbred mice were severed and allowed to
      regenerate through the lumina of Y-shaped tubes comprising grafts of abdominal
      aorta and its bifurcation. Very little regeneration took place within the grafts
      unless the distal nerve stump was inserted into one limb of the Y-tube. Using
      syngeneic grafts virtually all the axons regenerating through the lumen grew down
      the limb of the Y-tube containing the distal nerve. Using non-syngeneic grafts,
      however, a substantial minority of the axons grew down the 'open' limb of the Y
      tube. Axonal regeneration was more successful in non-syngeneic grafts.

PMID- 3693079
TI  - Solitary granular endocrine cells and neuroepithelial bodies in the lungs of the
      ringed turtle dove (Streptopelia risoria).
AB  - The presence of granular endocrine cells was investigated in the lungs of 4-6
      weeks old Ringed Turtle Doves (Streptopelia risoria) by scanning and transmission
      electron microscopy. No granular cells were observed with the scanning electron
      microscope. In alternate semithin and ultrathin sections granular cells were
      found either singly or in small groups in the ciliated parts of the epithelium,
      and in relatively large clusters of between at least five and sixteen cells in
      the unciliated flat regions including the primary bronchus around the orifices of
      the lateroventral bronchi, and the roots of the medioventral, mediodorsal and
      lateroventral bronchi. Within the clusters the granular cells were frequently
      separated by attenuated profiles of highly electron-dense cells with microvilli.
      Naked axonal profiles which contained numerous agranular vesicles and occasional
      large granular vesicles were observed above the basal lamina lying close to the
      granular cells. Synaptic structures associated with the cells were found. This
      description of clusters of innervated granular endocrine cells in the dove
      appears to be the first account of neuroepithelial bodies in the lungs of birds.

PMID- 3693080
TI  - On the ovarian bursa of the golden hamster. II. Intercellular connections in the
      bursal epithelium and passage of ferritin from the cavity into lymphatics.
AB  - Cell abutments in the ovarian bursal epithelium of the golden hamster included
      tight junctions, desmosome-like junctions, gap junctions and zonulae adhaerentes.
      The plasma membranes of adjacent epithelial cells were often closely apposed
      forming a zonula adherens at the apex of the intercellular space, but these did
      not fuse along the entire length of the intercellular space. Gap junctions and
      other intercellular junctions did not allow diffusion of ferritin into the
      junctional areas, but failed to prevent ferritin from filling the intercellular
      space basal to the junction. This suggested that these junctions were not
      continuous around the entire circumference of the cell. In general, intercellular
      connections in the bursal epithelium may be labile and this lability, as well as
      periodic distention of the bursa, may give rise to separation of epithelial
      cells. Ferritin injected into the bursal cavity reached lymphatics via three
      routes: (1) via stomata; (2) via gaps and pores; (3) via intercellular spaces.
      Transcellular transport did not make a major contribution to permeation of
      ferritin across the bursal epithelium, and ferritin particles did not enter
      fenestrated blood vessels within 30 minutes after injection. The variety of
      routes may facilitate rapid and complete drainage of fluid and cellular
      components from the bursal cavity.

PMID- 3693081
TI  - Development of interstitial cells and ovigerous cords in the human fetal ovary:
      an ultrastructural study.
AB  - Differentiation and subsequent regression of interstitial cells in the human
      fetal ovary was studied by light and electron microscopy in specimens obtained
      from twelve fetuses between 12 and 40 weeks of gestation. Interstitial cells
      possessing the ultrastructural features associated with steroid production first
      differentiate from fibroblast-like cells by 15 weeks. This occurs within the
      medullary fibrous tissue penetrating the cortex. The number of such cells is
      maximal at 18 weeks around the ovigerous cords in the inner half of the cortex.
      In addition, gap junction formation is seen in the pregranulosa cells forming
      ovigerous cords. From 21 to 31 weeks primordial follicles develop from ovigerous
      cords, which themselves develop from undifferentiated cortex, in a sequence that
      is most advanced in the medullary portion of the gonad and least advanced at its
      surface. During this time the interstitial cells decrease in number. They are not
      observed around the follicles, but are occasionally seen in the outer layer of
      the cortex which is still at the stage of ovigerous cords. At 40 weeks, growing
      follicles associated with several layers of enveloping theca cells are observed
      in the innermost region of the cortex. Interstitial cells are rare in all parts
      of the ovary. The development of interstitial cells independent of follicles in
      the human fetal ovary implies that such cells are distinct from theca cells, and
      that they correspond to the primary interstitial cells of other mammalian
      species. In addition anatomical and temporal relationships are observed between
      the interstitial cells, the ovigerous cords, developing primordial follicles and
      the formation of gap junctions in pregranulosa cells.

PMID- 3693082
TI  - Ultrastructural quantitative characterisation of sinus and atrioventricular nodal
      cells in the developing caprine heart compared with ordinary atrial and
      ventricular myocardial cells.
AB  - Cellular growth and changes in subcellular components as well as in intercellular
      junction structure were investigated quantitatively in sinus and atrioventricular
      nodes in comparison with right atrial and left ventricular myocardial cells of
      the goat heart in fetuses aged 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 gestational weeks,
      young animals aged 1 and 3 postnatal weeks, and adults. At the earliest stage
      examined (sixth gestational week) no clear difference was recognised, in the
      patterns of star diagrams representing cellular characteristics, between nodal
      cells and ordinary cardiac muscle cells, except for a larger number of myofibrils
      in the ordinary cells. Atrial specific granules also appeared in the atrial cells
      at this stage. In general, initial signs of differentiation in ordinary cardiac
      muscle cells were detected at the sixteenth gestational week when transverse
      tubule formation occurred in the ventricular muscle cells. Throughout the
      developmental period, no appreciable alterations in the ultrastructural features
      were found in the sinus nodal cells whereas the atrioventricular nodal cells
      revealed slight changes at the later fetal and adult stages.

PMID- 3693083
TI  - The sheaths surrounding the attachments of rat lumbar ventral roots to the spinal
      cord: a light and electron microscopical study.
AB  - The fifth lumbar ventral spinal nerve rootlets join to form a number of
      aggregated rootlet bundles. These in turn fuse to form the ventral root. Each
      rootlet is surrounded by a sheath which consists of a single fenestrated layer of
      cells and their attenuated cytoplasmic processes and which is open ended
      proximally. Immediately superficial to the spinal cord surface, rootlets are
      separated from one another by a labyrinth of inter-radicular spaces containing
      small blood vessels. Between adjacent rootlets the inter-radicular space tapers
      distally to an apex. The endoneurial space of the rootlet communicates with the
      subpial and inter-radicular spaces. Each aggregated rootlet bundle is surrounded
      by a multilayered sheath. Proximally, the outer layers of this sheath are
      continuous with the superficial layers of the pia mater. Both of these, as well
      as the root sheath with which the rootlet bundle sheaths are continuous distally,
      are complete and lack fenestrations. Accordingly, the endoneurial space, though
      continuous with the inter-radicular and subpial spaces, is isolated from the
      subarachnoid space.

PMID- 3693084
TI  - A fine structural study of the turkey harderian gland.
AB  - The ultrastructure of the turkey Harderian gland is described and the findings
      support previous histological descriptions of the gland. The gland is a compound
      tubulo-acinar structure composed of characteristic bipolar epithelial cells
      providing a predominantly merocrine secretion to the lumina. In the basal aspect
      of the cell, aggregations of non-secretory lipid-like droplets were evident and
      apically, the secretion was mucoid. The cells had abundant mitochondria, granular
      endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes and a complex network of Golgi elements. In the
      subepithelial regions, myoepithelial cells and large numbers of plasma cells were
      seen. Within the granular endoplasmic reticulum cisternae of the epithelial
      cells, fibrillary or crystalline rods in some instances measuring up to 10 micron
      in length, with a 7.0 nm repeat pattern, were frequently seen.

PMID- 3693085
TI  - Neuron types and organisation of the rabbit dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus.
AB  - The Golgi technique was employed in order to study the types of neurons composing
      the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus and to elucidate its organisational
      features in the rabbit. Four types of neurons were identified based on
      differences in perikaryon size or the particular features of their dendrites and
      dendritic appendages. Types 1 and 2 were comparable to the relay cells previously
      identified in functional and morphological studies in other mammals as projecting
      upon the visual cortex. Type 3 cells were morphologically identified as
      interneurons. Type 4 neurons, not described in detail in the present paper, were
      observed along the nuclear periphery underlying the optic tract. Types 1 and 2
      neurons along with their dendritic trees were orientated in planes which
      converged radially in the anteromedial region of the nucleus. Retinal afferent
      fibres from the optic tract traversed the nucleus as part of a longitudinal fibre
      system, running parallel to the planes of cell orientation, to establish synapses
      with the relay neurons.

PMID- 3693086
TI  - Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme changes during facial development.
AB  - Lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH) was demonstrated by a histochemical
      technique in free, dissected, facial processes of rats from the ninth embryonic
      day. Facial processes of embryonic rats aged 9-15 days were analysed by
      isoelectric focusing for their isoenzymic distribution of LDH. A dominance of LDH
      5, LDH-4 and LDH-3 isoenzymes was observed. As a comparison, LDH isoenzymes from
      mandibular and maxillary processes of rat embryos aged 9-11 days revealed only
      LDH-5 and, to a smaller extent, LDH-4. These results constitute evidence for
      prominent anaerobic metabolism in these tissues during early facial development.
      Intense staining for LDH was seen in surface epithelium, respiratory epithelium
      and in myogenic and osteogenic areas.

PMID- 3693087
TI  - Lung development in the marsupial bandicoot, Isoodon macrourus.
AB  - The transformation of the terminal sacs present in the newborn into the alveoli
      observed in the adult, and the tissue and cellular composition of the
      interalveolar septum at various stages of lung development, were examined in the
      developing bandicoot. Lungs from 22 bandicoots, aged from 1 day postpartum to
      adult, were fixed with a glutaraldehyde/formaldehyde fixative and processed for
      examination of their structure. The respiratory region of the newborn lung is
      formed from terminating sacs, approximately 300-500 microns in diameter, which
      are delineated by thick connective tissue septa, have a highly vascularised
      internal lining and are present from birth until approximately Day 35 postpartum.
      The large blind sacs are then gradually replaced by alveoli, approximately 80
      microns in diameter. In the juvenile and adult bandicoot, the connective tissue
      septa of the sacs are no longer discernible and a larger area of the blood
      capillaries of the lung is adjacent to the air within the alveoli. The changes in
      lung structure throughout pouch life probably reflect the increased respiratory
      requirements of the developing young. Although the time sequence of lung
      development in the eutherian differs from that in the marsupial, the adult form
      of the lung in both animal groups is similar in structure.

PMID- 3693088
TI  - The renal microvasculature of the monkey: an anatomical investigation.
AB  - Twelve monkeys, Macaca fascicularis and Macaca mulatta, were investigated to
      study their renal microvasculature. After death, all monkeys were perfused with
      heparinised isotonic saline to flush their vascular systems. The kidneys were
      then perfused with silicone rubber and examined. The silicone rubber injections
      allowed description of afferent arterioles and several efferent vascular patterns
      observed in the subcapsular, midcortical, and inner cortical regions. The
      medullary vasculature was particularly interesting in that no particular vascular
      zonation was observable. Silicone rubber injections indicated the existence of
      vascular bundles that run parallel to one another from outer medulla nearly to
      the papillary tip. Branching of descending vasa recta into capillaries, or
      precapillary vessels, occurs frequently and at all levels of the medulla.
      Ascending vasa recta are formed from the interbundle capillary plexus and from
      the plexus at the papillary tip. They ascend primarily within vascular bundles to
      the corticomedullary junction where these vessels may empty into collecting veins
      or arcuate veins. In addition, many ascending vasa recta penetrate into the
      cortex where they drain into the proximal third of interlobular veins. The venous
      drainage of the cortex appears to be regional, in that the area surrounding an
      interlobular vein generally drains into it directly via venules or small veins.
      The arterial and venous morphology of the monkey kidney may be important to the
      monkey's ability to concentrate urine despite the virtual absence of an inner
      medullary zone. The potential physiological significance of the monkey's
      microvasculature is discussed extensively and compared with various other
      mammals.

PMID- 3693089
TI  - Ultrastructural alterations in glycosaminoglycans of dog femoral condylar
      cartilage after surgical division of an anterior cruciate ligament: a study with
      cupromeronic blue in a critical electrolyte concentration technique.
AB  - The cationic dye, cupromeronic blue, has been used in a critical electrolyte
      concentration technique to analyse the ultrastructural changes in cartilage
      matrix glycosaminoglycans which occur in the dog anterior cruciate ligament
      division model of osteoarthrosis. Amorphous material appearing at the articular
      surface of cartilage from the stifle joints of animals subjected to open surgical
      division of the anterior cruciate ligament has been shown not to comprise
      glycosaminoglycan. The nature of this material is unknown, but it appears to
      replace the surface lamina of normal cartilage. It may therefore affect the
      mechanical properties of the superficial cartilage. The pericellular matrix
      around single chondrocytes or separating pairs of chondrocytes becomes enriched
      with sulphated glycosaminoglycan as a response to ligament section. This material
      is thought to be newly synthesised and secreted and reflects the increased
      cellular activity resulting from surgically induced canine joint disease.

PMID- 3693090
TI  - A study of weight transmission through the cervical and upper thoracic regions of
      the vertebral column in man.
AB  - The role of the neural arch in weight transmission in the cervical and upper
      thoracic regions of the vertebral column has been investigated. Measurements at
      the levels of C2, C4, C6, C7, T1 and T5 vertebrae were made in 44 adult male
      vertebral columns. At each level, the area of the inferior surface of the body
      was compared with the area of the inferior articular facets, the pedicle index
      and the arch index; inclination of the pedicle in relation to the body was also
      measured. On the basis of these studies it was found that at C2 level the
      compressive force acting on the superior articular surfaces was transmitted to
      the inferior surface of the body and to the two inferior articular facets. From
      C2 to C7, compressive force is transmitted through three parallel columns - one
      anterior, formed by the bodies and intervertebral discs, and two posterior,
      formed by the articulations of the articular processes on either side. Due to the
      posterior curvature in the cervical region, the posterior columns here sustain
      more of the compressive force. From C7 level downwards, the compressive force is
      transmitted through two columns, i.e. one anterior formed by the bodies and
      intervertebral discs and one posterior formed by successive articulations of the
      laminae. Below C7 level, compressive force from the posterior column is partly
      transferred to the anterior column through the pedicles at T1 and T2. In the
      upper thoracic region, due to the anterior curvature, the main part of the
      compressive force is transmitted through the anterior column, which sustains even
      greater compressive force than is suggested by body area, with resulting
      increased stress.

PMID- 3693091
TI  - The popliteal lymph node of the mouse: internal architecture, vascular
      distribution and lymphatic supply.
AB  - The architecture of the mouse popliteal lymph nodes differs from that shown in
      conventional diagrams. The cortical lymphoid tissue, rather than forming a
      continuous outer layer, is organised into one or two hemispherical aggregates
      which project towards the hilus. These aggregates are surrounded by medullary
      tissue which thus extends to large areas of the surface of the node. The vascular
      distribution in the lymphoid aggregates is relatively sparse and contrasts with
      the dense meshwork of capillaries and venules around them. It also contrasts with
      the high vascularity of medullary tissue. Arterial vessels, especially those of
      larger calibre, are predominantly seen in the hilar area of the node suggesting
      that there is extensive branching as the artery enters the node. Capillaries
      associated with the lymphoid aggregates are usually lined by continuous
      endothelium, while those in the medulla are generally of the fenestrated type.
      The microcirculation has an extensive venous capacity and many venous segments
      are high endothelium venules whose walls are permeated by lymphocytes. Each node
      receives one or two afferent lymphatic vessels and is drained by up to four or
      five efferent lymphatic vessels. In approximately half the nodes examined, there
      were extranodal communications between afferent and efferent lymphatic vessels
      allowing some lymph to bypass the node.

PMID- 3693092
TI  - The presence of oxytalan fibres in normal and regenerating rat leptomeninx: an
      ultrastructural demonstration.
AB  - The present ultrastructural study demonstrates the presence of oxytalan fibres in
      normal and regenerating leptomeninges of adult albino rats. They appear as
      bundles of fibrils 10-15 nm thick without transverse striations, which frequently
      merge with collagen microfibrils.

PMID- 3693093
TI  - Morphology of the primary posterior plexus of the rat cochlear nucleus.
AB  - Golgi impregnation results confirm the existence of a plexus (previously
      described with horseradish peroxidase tracing techniques) located in the
      posteroventral cochlear nucleus. The bulk of axons involved in this plexus could
      be traced to their origin in the root, and were not related to the V-bifurcating
      fibres, though some of the posterior branches of the latter contributed to the
      plexus. The internal structure of the plexus, and the different types of endings
      are described. These findings are discussed in relation to previous Golgi
      studies, especially those referring to the neuron and axon population of this
      area.

PMID- 3693094
TI  - The effects of strenuous maternal exercise during gestation on maternal body
      components in rats.
AB  - The effects of strenuous maternal exercise throughout gestation on the maternal
      rat were examined. The results indicated that maternal exercise of this nature
      (30 metres/minute, 10 degree incline, 120 minutes/day, 5 days/week) caused a
      significant decrease in the amount of weight gained by the running maternal rats
      when compared to controls. By analysing the maternal rat and various bodily
      components after parturition, it was suggested that subcutaneous tissue growth
      (fat deposits and mammary gland tissue) was significantly less in the running
      group. The carcass remainder component was also found to weigh less in the
      running group, even though the maternal running rats had just given birth to an
      equivalent (not significantly different) number of neonates of similar (not
      significantly different) weight to the control group.

PMID- 3693096
TI  - Haemopoietic cells of yolk sac and liver in the mouse embryo: a light and
      electron microscopical study.
AB  - Haemopoietic cells in yolk sac and liver of mouse embryo were examined by light
      and electron microscopy with particular reference to nuclear and nucleolar
      structure. Mitotic index of yolk sac haemopoietic cells increased from 10 days of
      gestation, showing a peak at 11 days and, at 12 days, the lumen of the yolk sac
      vessels were full of erythroblasts with pachychromatic nuclei. In 10 and 11 days
      yolk sacs, the majority of haemopoietic cells were ultrastructurally large
      erythroblasts, and, in addition, there were a few extra large erythroblasts and
      free immature haemopoietic cells. These had reticulated nucleoli and nuclear
      membrane invagination and were classified as transitional forms between late
      angioblasts and extra large erythroblasts. After 12 days of gestation, not only
      these immature cells but extra large erythroblasts disappeared from yolk sac
      vessels. At 11 days of gestation, hepatic tissues contained haemopoietic cells
      which were classified as extra large erythroblasts as well as immature cells
      which resembled late angioblasts on the basis of their nuclear and nucleolar
      appearance. After 12 days of gestation, erythroblasts showing various stages of
      maturation appeared and the immature cells remained in the liver until 15 days of
      gestation. Free haemopoietic cells in the yolk sac and liver are discussed in
      relation to cells which have the properties of haemopoietic stem cells.

PMID- 3693095
TI  - Specialised contacts of endoneurial fibroblasts with macrophages in wallerian
      degeneration.
AB  - Wallerian degeneration was induced by crushing the mouse phrenic nerve at the
      neck. During a chronological study, a specialised cell contact was often observed
      between the activated endoneurial fibroblast and the macrophage at the period
      when the removal of myelin debris by macrophages was prominent in the
      endoneurium. The specialised contact was characterised by paired subplasmalemmal
      linear condensations with a relatively constant thickness and varied length. It
      was sometimes asymmetrical. In these specialised cell membrane areas the
      intercellular space was filled with fine granular material showing a midline
      denser stratum. Coated vesicles were occasionally found in association with the
      subplasmalemmal densities. The specialised contacts with these features are quite
      different from any type of previously described cell contact between fibroblasts
      but are morphologically identical to those reported between cells of the
      mononuclear phagocytotic system. The significance of specialised contacts between
      the fibroblasts and macrophages in Wallerian degeneration is discussed.

PMID- 3693097
TI  - The unmyelinated fibre spectrum of the main trunk and side branches of the
      intestinal nerve in the chicken (Gallus gallus var. domesticus).
AB  - An electron microscopy study was undertaken to determine the numbers and
      diameters of unmyelinated axons in the main trunk and side branches of the
      intestinal nerve at the level of the small intestine. Three techniques were used
      to determine axon diameter. These were: length of the least chord (D), diameter
      determined from cross sectional area (DA) and diameter determined from perimeter
      (DP). A measure of the degree of circularity of the axons was also made. On
      average, the nerve trunk contained 4729 unmyelinated axons and these outnumbered
      myelinated axons by 78:1. The mean number of unmyelinated axons in the side
      branches was 463. Myelinated axons were not seen in the side branches. When a
      test for circularity was applied to the data it was found that larger axons
      tended to be less circular than smaller ones and, because of these differences in
      the degree of circularity, DA and more particularly D were subject to a variable
      inaccuracy. The mean values for DA were 0.70 micron for the nerve trunk and 0.57
      micron for the side branch; the mean values for DP were 0.78 and 0.66 microns
      respectively. The peak conduction velocity at 40 degrees C of unmyelinated axons
      in the nerve trunk was determined from the single (C-fibre) deflection in the
      compound action potential. The following relationship was found, peak conduction
      velocity CV = DA0.59 = DP0.85.

PMID- 3693098
TI  - Long term effects of the hypocholesterolaemic drug 4-aminopyrazolo-pyrimidine on
      the zona fasciculata of the rat adrenal cortex.
AB  - Prolonged 4-APP administration to dexamethasone/ACTH-treated rats was found to
      lower both plasma and intra-adrenal gland cholesterol concentrations.
      Morphological examination showed that zona fasciculata cells underwent a severe
      lipid droplet depletion, and a conspicuous increase of agranular endoplasmic
      reticulum and peroxisomes. The blood level of corticosterone remained unchanged.
      A high cholesterol diet completely reversed the effects of 4-APP treatment. The
      hypothesis is discussed that these morphological changes are the expression of a
      compensatory response enabling rat adrenocortical cells to maintain an adequate
      level of hormone output even in the absence of a normal supply of exogenous
      cholesterol.

PMID- 3693099
TI  - The abdominal air sac ostium of the domestic fowl: a sphincter regulated by neuro
      epithelial cells?
AB  - A microscopic study of the ostium of the abdominal air sac of the domestic fowl
      has shown that the ostium has a sphincter-like ring of well innervated smooth
      muscle. Three types of neuro-epithelial cell characterised by their content of
      numerous large granular vesicles are found in the wall of the ostium. Type I
      cells are present within the submucosal nerve plexus and appear to be
      morphologically similar to SIF cells. Type II cells occur in the lamina propria,
      in clusters or cords, are often associated with fenestrated capillaries, and have
      synaptic contact with axonal terminals containing small agranular vesicles. The
      cells of Types I and II are not intra-epithelial and therefore differ from the
      cells which have been found elsewhere in the respiratory tract of the domestic
      fowl and other vertebrates. Type III cells are intra-epithelial, and some of
      those in the basal region of the epithelium are associated with axon terminals.
      Type III cells are similar in ultrastructure and location to neuro-epithelial
      cells found elsewhere in the major airways of the domestic fowl. They also
      resemble cells in neuro-epithelial bodies in amphibian, reptilian and mammalian
      lungs, although neuro-epithelial bodies have not been found in the lung of this
      species of bird. The morphology of the ostium suggests that it may have a
      sphincter-like function, possibly regulated by the neuro-epithelial cells. The
      presence of a mucociliary epithelium and defensive tissue in the lamina propria
      indicates that the ostium is the site of defence mechanisms.

PMID- 3693100
TI  - Development of the os penis in genital tubercles cultured beneath the renal
      capsule of adult rats.
AB  - Genital tubercles of male and female rats were cultured beneath the renal capsule
      of castrated and intact adult male rats treated with androgens, oestrogen, or
      anti-androgen, and the development of the os penis in the transplants was
      studied. When the genital tubercles were cultured in normal male hosts, a
      membrane bone and a hyaline cartilage of the proximal segment of the os penis
      were formed 8-11 days after transplantation, and a fibrocartilage of the distal
      segment of the os penis at 11-14 days. In genital tubercles cultured in castrated
      males, the rudiments of both the proximal and distal segments remained as
      undifferentiated mesenchymal cell masses. However, similarly cultured genital
      tubercles were found to develop cartilages and bone when the hosts were treated
      with high doses of androgens. The potency of androgen-dependent chondrogenesis
      and osteogenesis was equivalent in the male and female genital tubercles.
      Chondrogenesis and osteogenesis of the os penis were caused by androgens, while
      the rudiments of the os penis were formed independently of androgens. The overt
      differentiation of the corpus cavernosum penis was also caused by androgens.

PMID- 3693101
TI  - Occurrence, distribution and origin of peptide-containing nerves of guinea-pig
      and rat male genitalia and the effects of denervation on sperm characteristics.
AB  - A systematic immunohistochemical and radio-immunological survey of the
      occurrence, distribution and origin of the peptidergic nerve supply in guinea-pig
      and rat male genitalia is presented. Neuropeptide Y (NPY), vasoactive intestinal
      polypeptide (VIP), peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI), substance P and CGRP were
      detected in the genital organs of both species. The densities and distribution
      patterns of the peptidergic nerves were compared with those of the adrenergic
      nerves, as revealed by antibodies raised against dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (D
      beta H) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and the general neuronal component, as
      revealed by antibodies raised against neurofilament proteins (NF). Bilateral
      transection of the hypogastric nerves, in the guinea-pig, resulted in a decrease
      of substance P-containing nerves in the vas deferens and of NPY-, PHI- and VIP
      containing nerves in the seminal vesicle. Unilateral disconnection of the pelvic
      nerves caused a decrease of VIP, PHI, substance P and CGRP nerve supply in the
      ipsilateral vas deferens and cauda epididymidis in the guinea-pig. A marked
      reduction of noradrenergic and NPY-containing nerves was observed in the vas
      deferens and sexual accessory glands of rats, chemically sympathectomised by
      chronic injection of low doses of guanethidine. Conversely, increase of substance
      P and CGRP immunoreactivities were observed, particularly in the vas deferens.
      After guanethidine, the cauda epididymidis and vas deferens were distended with
      spermatozoa, suggesting paralysis of the ducts. Spermatozoa had a decreased
      percentage of attached cytoplasmic droplets, indicating prolonged retention in
      the ducts.

PMID- 3693103
TI  - The early origin of vertebral anomalies, as illustrated by a 'butterfly
      vertebra'.
AB  - An anomalous (butterfly) eleventh thoracic vertebra in a fetus of 63 mm greatest
      length is described and graphic reconstructions (together with normal controls)
      are provided. The cartilaginous hemicentra are separated by disc-like material.
      Cartilaginous bars to adjacent vertebrae are present. The neural arch is
      complete. The notochord is not duplicated. Only one comparable case in the
      embryonic period has been described previously. After a discussion of cleft
      vertebrae in the human and in experimental animals, a developmental timetable of
      the appearance of several vertebral anomalies is provided. The sensitive period
      for butterfly vertebrae, depending on the mode of origin, seems to be 3-6
      postovulatory weeks. More severe anomalies, such as the split notochord syndrome,
      appear earlier. It is concluded that most of the vertebral anomalies discussed
      arise during the embryonic period proper, although the timing of a few, such as
      spina bifida occulta, extends into the early fetal period.

PMID- 3693102
TI  - Variations in the structure of nexuses in the myocardium of the golden hamster
      Mesocricetus auratus.
AB  - The structure of nexuses in the atrioventricular node of the golden hamster was
      studied with the transmission electron microscope, using thin sections and freeze
      fracture replicas, and was compared with that of nexuses in the working
      myocardium of the right ventricular wall. Whereas ventricular myocardium
      contained macular nexuses only, nodal tissue contained annular and linear
      configurations as well as maculae of varying size. The significance of such
      variations in nexus pattern is not clear although several hypotheses are
      discussed in the literature. Measurements made on electron micrographs, after
      allowing for tilt of the specimen, yielded a particle diameter of 10.59 nm for
      nodal myocardium and 10.95 nm for ventricular myocardium, both measurements being
      substantially higher than figures generally cited in the literature. In each area
      the measurements had a normal distribution suggesting a single type of particle.
      The small but significant difference in particle size between the two areas is
      more likely to be caused by dissimilarities in packing arrangement rather than by
      differences in intrinsic structure or in functional state.

PMID- 3693104
TI  - Motor innervation of rodent diaphragm.
AB  - In order to investigate the possibility of an intercostal nerve contribution to
      the motor innervation of the diaphragm, the phrenic nerve was interrupted
      unilaterally in the root of the neck in rats and mice and the pattern of
      innervation was later studied histologically. The results showed the phrenic
      nerve to be the sole source of motor innervation. The only contribution from
      intercostal nerves was to blood vessels and to intramuscular connective tissue.

PMID- 3693106
TI  - The number and distribution of lymphoid follicles in the human large intestine.
AB  - The density of mucosal lymphoid follicles has been determined in the large
      intestines of five sudden death victims. The specimens were fixed in acetic acid
      which made the follicles visible macroscopically. The estimated total number of
      follicles in the large intestine ranged from 12761 to 18432. The average density
      of follicles was 18.4 per cm2 in the caecum, 15.0 per cm2 in the colon and 25.4
      per cm2 in the rectum. These results indicate that the density of lymphoid
      follicles has been grossly underestimated in the past where three to five
      follicles per cm2 have been accepted as normal. The cause for this major
      discrepancy is discussed as is its bearing on the diagnosis of lymphoid
      hyperplasia.

PMID- 3693105
TI  - A comparison of crypt-cell proliferation in rat colonic mucosa in vivo and in
      vitro.
AB  - The successful development of a long-term organ culture system has made it
      possible to perform experiments on rat colonic mucosa in vitro. However, the
      effect of trauma or the withdrawal of trophic influences in culture may result in
      the disturbance of proliferation within the tissue. In this paper we describe an
      investigation designed to characterise the culture system by a comparison of the
      proliferative parameters in vitro with those in vivo. Stathmokinetic experiments
      were performed in vivo and in vitro to estimate cell birth rate. Mitotic indices
      were also calculated. The in vivo birth rate (7.8 +/- 0.8 cells/1000 cells/hour)
      and the in vitro birth rate for the whole explant (7.7 +/- 0.5 cells/1000
      cells/hour) were found to be similar. A study of crypts in the centre and at the
      edge of the cultured explants, however, indicated that proliferation at the two
      sites differed markedly, the birth rate at the edge (7.5 +/- 0.9 cells/1000
      cells/hour) being approximately twice that at the centre (3.2 +/- 0.9 cells/1000
      cells/hour). Provided that this topological difference in proliferation within
      the explant is recognised the in vitro model, in particular the basal level found
      at the centre, may still be regarded as a valid system for studying tissue
      responses to carcinogens and trophic factors.

PMID- 3693107
TI  - A quantitative histological study of the indusium griseum and neostriatum in
      elderly mice.
AB  - A quantitative histological examination of brains from mice aged 25, 28 and 31
      months of age showed that there was no loss of neurons from the indusium griseum
      and the number of glia per 100 neurons also remained constant. In contrast the
      number of glia per 100 neurons in the neostriatum fell between 25 and 28 months.
      The percentage of oligodendrocytes was significantly higher than in younger mice
      but the percentage of microglia fell in both regions from 25 to 31 months. Unlike
      the indusium griseum, in which there was a significant variation in the mitotic
      and pyknotic indices with age, the neostriatum showed no variation in the mitotic
      and pyknotic indices between 6 and 31 months. The mitotic index was always lower
      in the neostriatum.

PMID- 3693108
TI  - Patterns of blood supply to the gastric mucosa. A comparative study revealing an
      end-artery model.
AB  - The form of the gastric arterial supply to the mucosa has been studied in dog,
      swine, ferret, cat, guinea-pig, rabbit and rhesus monkey. In all these species,
      the bore of vessels in the submucous plexus diminished from body to pylorus,
      though this was most marked in the guinea-pig and rabbit. The plexus was also
      continuous across the pylorus with duodenal vessels. Thus the well known poverty
      of vascularity in distal parts of the human stomach is shared by other species
      and is unlikely to be a contributory factor to the initiation of peptic ulcer, a
      disease limited to man. In dog, swine, ferret and cat, as in man, the primary
      (largest) and secondary (smaller) components of the plexus lay entirely in the
      submucosa. In the cat, there was a secondary plexus of much smaller vessels deep
      to the muscularis mucosae. In the guinea-pig, rat, rabbit and monkey, both
      plexuses were mostly embedded within the muscularis mucosae. As a result, mucosal
      arteries had two modes of origin: (a) the first, in which they did not pass
      through the muscularis mucosae as exemplified in the cat, and (b) the second,
      where they did pass through muscularis mucosae as exemplified by the dog, ferret
      and swine; in other species, they passed through part of the muscularis mucosae.
      Areas of mucosa supplied by a single mucosal artery were measured, and ranged
      widely from the smallest in the cat to the largest in the dog. These features do
      not seem to have been reported previously, and may be associated with as yet
      undiscovered functional mechanisms of the muscularis mucosae. Mucosal arteries of
      extramural origin were found to occur occasionally in the guinea-pig and rabbit,
      and hence these may provide an experimental model of the pattern existing in man.

PMID- 3693109
TI  - Aortico-pulmonary bodies in the domestic fowl: ultrastructure, innervation and
      secretion.
AB  - In adult and immature domestic fowl, aggregations of large pale-staining cells
      were found in the wall of the aorta, and of the pulmonary trunk and arteries, in
      modified regions typified by interruption or loss of elastic laminae and smooth
      muscle cells. Encapsulated extramural aggregations of similar cells were
      identified either on the actual surface or well outside the arterial wall of the
      aorta, and pulmonary trunk and arteries. The electron microscope revealed that
      the pale cells in these intramural and extramural structures were granular cells
      characterised by dense-cored vesicles typically about 60-140 nm in diameter.
      Supporting cells partly invested the granular cells. These intramural and
      extramural structures are interpreted as aortico-pulmonary bodies. The extramural
      and to a lesser extent the intramural cells were associated with many axonal
      endings and fenestrated blood capillaries. The axonal endings formed presumptive
      afferent, efferent and reciprocal synapses with the granular cells. Both intra-
      and extramural granular cells displayed evidence of exocytosis and were also
      shown by autoradiography to handle amines. It is concluded that the
      ultrastructural features of these aortico-pulmonary bodies resemble those of the
      carotid body. It is therefore suggested that the aortico-pulmonary bodies of the
      domestic fowl have a chemoreceptor function similar to that of the carotid body.
      It is also suggested that they may have a general secretory function.

PMID- 3693110
TI  - Comparison of ear tissue regeneration in mammals.
AB  - These studies, on a variety of laboratory, zoo and agricultural animals, show
      that the phenomenon of replacement of tissues lost in an ear punch is common to
      some other mammals as well as the rabbit, although the rabbit appears to be the
      most proficient in this process. It is suggested that the cartilage may be
      replaced in two ways, namely through the formation of a blastema as originally
      hypothesised by Markelova (Vorontsova & Liosner, 1960), and also from the
      perichondrium. The finding of bone tissue is supportive evidence enabling the
      suggestion that dedifferentiation, followed by deviant redifferentiation, does
      occur in the process of regeneration.

PMID- 3693111
TI  - Afferent pathways of lymph flow within the popliteal node in sheep.
AB  - Lymph enters the popliteal node in sheep either at the subcapsular sinus, or
      through terminal afferent lymphatics which pass within trabeculae to medullary
      sinuses. Lymph from the subcapsular sinus traverses trabecular sinuses and/or a
      network of tubular sinuses in the cortex before entering the medullary sinuses,
      which are very extensive. Carbon particles, injected either into an afferent
      lymphatic or subcutaneously into the leg, were initially found mainly in a
      circumscribed area of the subcapsular sinus. Within a few hours they were present
      within macrophages in and around medullary sinuses in a band which extended
      around virtually the whole medulla. It was concluded that the pathways taken by
      lymph constituents in the sheep node may differ from those described for mice,
      rats and rabbits.

PMID- 3693112
TI  - Meckel's cartilage in Xenopus laevis during metamorphosis: a light and electron
      microscope study.
AB  - Meckel's cartilage, in Xenopus laevis prior to metamorphosis, is a tissue
      exhibiting very large lacunae, separated by thin rims of matrix, presenting a net
      like appearance, similar to that of cartilage in invertebrates. The cells on the
      periphery of the tissue are rather more flattened, and more closely packed. On
      the lateral aspects of the cartilage distinct columns of apparently dividing
      cells are evident. During metamorphic climax, the amount of matrix separating the
      lacunae increases, with an associated decrease in lacunar size, and some of the
      deeper cells develop cilia, which are not seen either before or after climax. By
      the end of metamorphic climax there is a considerable increase in the amount of
      matrix present in the tissue, while many cells at all depths in the cartilage
      show the presence of lysosome-like structures, possibly associated with the
      changing shape of the cartilage. Intramembranous ossification is proceeding
      around Meckel's cartilage, but there is no evidence of endochondral ossification
      up to the end of metamorphosis.

PMID- 3693113
TI  - The histology of tendon attachments to bone in man.
AB  - Based on a parallel study of a wide range of human tendons from embalmed
      dissecting room subjects and from a study of dried bones, an explanation is
      offered for the well known similarity in gross appearance between the markings
      left by certain tendons (e.g. those of the rotator cuff) and by articular
      surfaces on dried bones. Epiphyseal tendons leave markings on bones that look
      like those left by articular surfaces. These tendons have a prominent zone of
      fibrocartilage at their attachment site and the deepest part of this is
      calcified, just as the deepest part of articular hyaline cartilage is calcified.
      After maceration of the soft tissues, the calcified (fibro) cartilage is left
      attached to the bone at articular surfaces and at the sites of tendon attachment.
      In all cases, the tissues separate at the basophilic tidemark between the
      calcified and uncalcified regions. This tidemark is smooth where there is much
      overlying uncalcified (fibro) cartilage and it is the smoothness that gives the
      typical appearance of the dried bone. Blood vessels do not generally traverse the
      tendon fibrocartilage plugs. Hence the areas are devoid of vascular foramina. The
      functional significance of tendon fibrocartilage is discussed with particular
      reference to supraspinatus. It is suggested that the uncalcified fibrocartilage
      ensures that the tendon fibres do not bend, splay out or become compressed at a
      hard tissue interface, and are thereby offered some protection from wear and
      tear. It is also suggested that the fibrocartilage plug of supraspinatus prevents
      the tendon from rubbing on the head of the humerus.

PMID- 3693114
TI  - Manic-depressive psychosis--a perspective: Binswanger, Jung, Neumann, and the
      myth of Dionysus.

PMID- 3693115
TI  - The issue of evaluating the significance of propositions and distinguishing
      between speculations, facts and conclusions.

PMID- 3693116
TI  - Okilactomycin, a novel antibiotic produced by a Streptomyces species. I.
      Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation and characterization.
AB  - Okilactomycin, a novel antibiotic, was isolated from the culture filtrate of a
      strain of actinomycetes. The producing organism, strain YP-02908L, was identified
      as Streptomyces griseoflavus subsp. zamamiensis subsp. nov. The antibiotic was
      extracted with ethyl acetate and purified by silica gel column chromatography. It
      was obtained as colorless prisms from a dichloromethane solution. It exhibited
      weak antimicrobial activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in vivo. The
      apparent molecular formula of okilactomycin was determined as C24H32O6. It is a
      new member of the lactone group antibiotics.

PMID- 3693117
TI  - Okilactomycin, a novel antibiotic produced by a Streptomyces species. II.
      Structure determination.
AB  - Structure of a novel antibiotic, okilactomycin, was determined by a combination
      of spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic studies. Okilactomycin has a unique
      structure containing 13-membered ring cyclized by carbon-carbon bond.

PMID- 3693118
TI  - CP-54,883 a novel chlorine-containing polyether antibiotic produced by a new
      species of Actinomadura: taxonomy of the producing culture, fermentation, physico
      chemical and biological properties of the antibiotic.
AB  - The novel chlorine-containing acidic polycyclic ether antibiotic CP-54,883
      (C41H62O12Cl2) [corrected] is produced by the fermentation of Actinomadura
      routienii Huang sp. nov. This report presents the taxonomy and the fermentation
      conditions for the antibiotic-producing culture. The antibiotic is mainly active
      against Gram-positive bacteria. It protects chickens against Eimeria challenge in
      vivo and enhances rumen propionic acid in vitro. The physico-chemical properties
      are also characterized.

PMID- 3693119
TI  - Structure of the natural antibiotic ionophore CP-54,883.
AB  - The structural formula of the novel antibiotic ionophore CP-54,883 is deduced by
      systematic reduction from its 13C and 1H NMR spectra. The molecule consists of a
      polyether ring network and side chain terminated by an aromatic ring containing a
      phenoxy and two chlorine substituents. Based partly on an assumed analogy to
      corresponding regions of the similar structure nigericin-A1, the configurations
      about the sixteen asymmetric carbons are also derived. A belated crystal
      structure determination confirms, with the exception of one configuration assumed
      from nigericin-A1, the conclusions drawn, and shows that the anionic charge is in
      the phenoxy group, rather than the carboxylic acid function.

PMID- 3693121
TI  - Xylocandin: a new complex of antifungal peptides. I. Taxonomy, isolation and
      biological activity.
AB  - Xylocandin is a complex of novel peptides with potent antifungal activity that is
      produced by Pseudomonas cepacia ATCC 39277. The complex was isolated from the
      fermentation broth by extraction with butanol-methanol, 9:1, followed by
      collection of the precipitate formed upon concentration of the solvent extract.
      Purification was effected by chromatography on reversed phase and size exclusion
      gels followed by TLC on silica gel. These techniques afforded eight components:
      A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2, D1 and D2. A mixture of the two closely related
      components, xylocandins A1 and A2, displayed potent anticandidal and
      antidermatophytic activities in vitro. The activity was diminished by the
      presence of serum or vaginal washings. No antibacterial activity was
      demonstrable.

PMID- 3693120
TI  - New peptide antibiotics LI-F03, F04, F05, F07, and F08, produced by Bacillus
      polymyxa. I. Isolation and characterization.
AB  - A strain of Bacillus polymyxa produced a new peptide antibiotic complex, named LI
      F, composed of more than ten components. The components, antibiotics LI-F03, F04,
      F05, F07, and F08 were isolated from the complex by reversed phase HPLC. They are
      active against fungi, yeasts, and Gram-positive bacteria. The fast atom
      bombardment mass spectra revealed that the individual isolated antibiotics are
      still mixture of two homologous components, being very difficult to separate from
      each other.

PMID- 3693122
TI  - Xylocandin: a new complex of antifungal peptides. II. Structural studies and
      chemical modifications.
AB  - Xylocandins A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2, D1 and D2 are new antifungal peptides
      isolated from Pseudomonas cepacia ATCC 39277. The molecular weights of the
      xylocandins were determined by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (A1 m/z
      1,215; A2 1,199; B1 1,229; B2 1,213; C1 1,097; C2 1,081; D1 1,083; D2 1,067).
      Each xylocandin is a cyclic peptide containing glycine, serine, asparagine (1-3
      residues), beta-hydroxytyrosine, and an unusual amino acid with the formula
      C18H37NO5. Additionally A1, A2, D1 and D2 contain 2,4-diaminobutyric acid; A1,
      B1, C1 and D1 contain erythro-beta-hydroxyasparagine; and A1, A2, B1 and B2
      contain xylose. For each xylocandin pair, an erythro-beta-hydroxyasparagine
      residue in the first component of the pair is thus replaced by an asparagine in
      the second component, accounting for the 16 dalton mass difference for each pair.
      Chemical modification of A1 and A2 at the diaminobutyric acid and beta
      hydroxytyrosine residues was used to probe structural requirements for activity.

PMID- 3693123
TI  - The structure of manumycin. I. Characterization, structure elucidation and
      biological activity.
AB  - Manumycin (1), produced by Streptomyces parvulus (strain Tu 64), was isolated
      from the mycelium by extraction with acetone and could easily be purified
      chromatographically. Chemical degradation of 1 (C31H38N2O7) gave 2-acetamino-3
      hydroxycyclopent-2-enone (2) by acetolysis, 2,4,6-trimethyl-2,4-decadienoic acid
      (3) by alkaline hydrolysis, and 2-(2,4,6-trimethyl-2,4-decadienoylamino)-5,6
      epoxy-1,4-benzoquinon e (5) by chromic acid oxidation. In connection with a
      detailed spectroscopic analysis, the structure of 1 could be elucidated and the
      (E)-configuration of the double bonds in the triene and diene chain was
      established. Manumycin exhibits biological activity against Gram-positive
      bacteria and fungi and furthermore, an inhibition of the developmental processes
      of some insects.

PMID- 3693124
TI  - The structure of manumycin. II. Derivatives.
AB  - Derivatives of manumycin (1) were obtained by acetylation and reduction,
      respectively, and characterized by their spectroscopic data. Structure-activity
      relationships of the antibiotic were discussed.

PMID- 3693125
TI  - The structure of manumycin. III. Absolute configuration and conformational
      studies.
AB  - Chromic acid oxidation of manumycin (1), an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces
      parvulus (strain Tu 64), led to the isolation of 2-(2-methyl-4-oxo-2
      pentenoylamino)-5,6-epoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (3) and (-)-(R)-2-methylhexanoic acid
      (4). From the absolute configuration of 4, determined by comparing its optical
      rotation with published data, follows the absolute configuration at the center of
      chirality in the diene side chain of manumycin (1) to be (6'R). Based on the
      direct comparison of the CD spectra of the two chromic acid oxidation products 2
      and 3 with those of the antibiotic G7063-2 (5) and (-)-terreic acid (6) the
      stereochemistry at C-5 and C-6 of 1 was determined as (5R, 6S). From the negative
      CD-couplet of manumycin (1) its stereochemistry at C-4 was assigned as (4R).

PMID- 3693126
TI  - Synthesis and antibacterial properties of 7-[2-(3-substituted-5-isoxazolyl)-2
      methoxyiminoacetamido]cep halospora nic acid derivatives.
AB  - The synthesis of new 2-(3-substituted-5-isoxazolyl)-2-methoxyiminoacetic acids
      and their condensation derivatives with a suitable cephalosporanic nucleus, is
      reported. Their antibacterial properties were tested in vivo and in vitro also
      against beta-lactamase producer microorganisms; particularly the oral
      bioavailability of some of these new derivatives was studied.

PMID- 3693127
TI  - Antitumor effect of kazusamycin B on experimental tumors.
AB  - Kazusamycin B, a novel antibiotic (MW 542) isolated from fermentation broth of
      Streptomyces sp. No. 81-484 showed a broad antitumor spectrum both in vitro and
      in vivo. IC50 against the growth of tumor cells was around 1 ng/ml at 72 hours
      exposure in vitro. Intraperitoneal injection of the antibiotic was effective in
      inhibiting the growth of murine tumors, S180, P388, EL-4, and B16. It was also
      active against doxorubicin-resistant P388, hepatic metastases of L5178Y-ML,
      pulmonary metastases of 3LL, and human mammary cancer MX-1 xenografted to nude
      mice. However, the activity of kazusamycin B toward L1210 or human lung cancer LX
      1 was weaker. According to the results of comparative studies on the effect of
      kazusamycins B and A, an analog of B, there seemed to be no significant
      difference in their effectiveness. The effective dose range and toxicity were
      markedly dependent on tumor lines tested and the regimen used. Maximum tolerated
      dose in mice with subcutaneous tumors was much higher than that in mice bearing
      ascitic leukemia as P388. Although intermittent administration could greatly
      reduce the cumulative toxicity of the drug, therapeutic effect was similar with
      both successive and intermittent administration schedules.

PMID- 3693128
TI  - Action of ubenimex on aminopeptidase activities in spleen cells and peritoneal
      macrophages from mice.
AB  - The action of ubenimex on aminopeptidase (APase) activity was studied in intact
      spleen cells and peritoneal macrophages from mice. Ubenimex strongly inhibited
      hydrolyzing activities against arginine-beta-naphtylamide (Arg-NA), Lys-NA and
      Pro-NA in both cells. Inhibition of hydrolysis of Leu-NA, Met-NA and Ala-NA was
      relatively small or not observed. When both cells were incubated in HANKS'
      solution, hydrolyzing activities against Arg-NA, Lys-NA and Pro-NA were released
      to the medium, while Leu-NA and Met-NA-hydrolyzing activities were mostly bound.
      In addition, the Leu-NA-hydrolyzing activity in the spleen cells was kinetically
      studied. The Arg-NA and Leu-NA-hydrolyzing activities in four fractions prepared
      from the homogenate of spleen cells were also studied kinetically. From these
      studies it was suggested that ubenimex inhibits aminopeptidase B and a Pro-NA
      hydrolyzing enzyme more effectively than Leu-APase in intact spleen cells and
      peritoneal macrophages from mice.

PMID- 3693129
TI  - Immunosuppressive activity of 15-deoxyspergualin and its effect on skin
      allografts in rats.
AB  - The immunosuppressive activity of spergualin analogues, 15-deoxyspergualin and N
      30, is presented. These compounds suppressed antibody formation and establishment
      of delayed-type hypersensitivity to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in mice. Among
      spergualin, 15-deoxyspergualin, and N-30, 15-deoxyspergualin was most effective
      in suppressing immune responses. It suppressed antibody formation against SRBC by
      spleen cell cultures in a dose-dependent fashion without reducing cell viability.
      The spergualins also suppressed the mixed lymphocyte culture reaction. Peritoneal
      exudate cells taken from mice given immunosuppressive doses of 15-deoxyspergualin
      were not reduced in their functions measured: Release of lysosomal enzymes and
      production of superoxide anions. 15-Deoxyspergualin and N-30 were markedly
      effective in prolonging skin graft in rats.

PMID- 3693130
TI  - Hygromycin A, an antitreponemal substance. I. Screening method and therapeutic
      effect for Treponema hyodysenteriae-caused infection in CF-1 mice.
AB  - In vitro and in vivo screening methods were established for the discovery of new
      active substances against Treponema hyodysenteriae. During the screening methods,
      hygromycin A produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus KA-355 was found to be active
      against T. hyodysenteriae. Hygromycin A did not show high antitreponemal activity
      in in vitro test using the paper disc method on the agar plate inoculated with T.
      hyodysenteriae. However, the antibiotic exhibited highly therapeutic effect in CF
      1 mice, compared with of lincomycin, tiamulin, lankacidin C or olaquindox
      drinking water. The effective dose (ED50) of hygromycin A was 1.1 micrograms/ml.

PMID- 3693131
TI  - Hygromycin A, an antitreponemal substance. II. Therapeutic effect for swine
      dysentery.
AB  - This study was conducted to evaluate hygromycin A fed to growing swine at 1, 5,
      10 or 20 g/ton feed for the control of Treponema hyodysenteriae-caused dysentery.
      Pigs provided carbadox at 50 g/ton feed served as an infected treatment control
      group. All pigs were orally, via stomach intubation, administered 100 ml of a T.
      hyodysenteriae broth culture. During the in vivo test, rectal swabs were taken
      for T. hyodysenteriae isolation, body weights of all pigs and the feed
      consumption was determined. All pigs were euthanized and necropsied at study end;
      the large intestine was cultured for T. hyodysenteriae and gross intestinal
      lesions were noted. T. hyodysenteriae-caused swine dysentery was successfully
      controlled by feeding hygromycin A at 5 g/ton. Hygromycin A medicated pigs
      performed as well as or better than carbadox-medicated pigs.

PMID- 3693132
TI  - Novel quaternary ammonium penems: the [(pyridinio)methyl]-phenyl derivatives.

PMID- 3693133
TI  - Biological activities of newly prepared saframycins.

PMID- 3693134
TI  - 6-Deoxyilludin M, a new antitumor antibiotic: fermentation, isolation and
      structural identification.

PMID- 3693135
TI  - Valilactone, an inhibitor of esterase, produced by actinomycetes.

PMID- 3693137
TI  - Identification of macrotetrolide antibiotics in a screen to detect calcium
      channel blocking agents.

PMID- 3693136
TI  - Reversal of resistance by N-acetyltyramine or N-acetyl-2-phenylethylamine in
      doxorubicin-resistant leukemia P388 cells.

PMID- 3693138
TI  - Obstetrical complications checklist: description, factor analysis, and
      reliability.

PMID- 3693139
TI  - Women's perceptions and management of a pregnancy complicated by chronic illness.

PMID- 3693140
TI  - Sexual intercourse and pregnancy.

PMID- 3693141
TI  - Changes in the marital relationship during the first pregnancy.

PMID- 3693142
TI  - Parental leave: policy issues.

PMID- 3693143
TI  - Social support and the transition to the maternal role.

PMID- 3693144
TI  - Reproductive performance of Suffolk and Suffolk-cross ewes and ewe lambs exposed
      to vasectomized rams before breeding.
AB  - Multiparous Suffolk and Suffolk-cross ewes were randomly allotted to treatments
      within breed and year to measure effects of ram exposure, during transition from
      anestrus to breeding activity, on reproductive performance. Treatments were: 1)
      ewes joined with two mature vasectomized Rambouillet rams for 15 d before
      breeding (DC), 2) ewes maintained across a net wire fence from two vasectomized
      rams for 15 d before breeding (FC) and 3) ewes maintained approximately 400 m
      away from rams (NC). At the end of the 15 d, all ewes were placed in one pasture
      and mated to three fertile Suffolk rams during a 34-d breeding season. A total of
      96 Suffolk and 177 Suffolk-cross ewes was utilized during the 3-yr experiment. A
      greater (P less than .05) prebreeding ovulation percentage was observed in DC and
      FC than in NC ewes. Mating and lambing occurred approximately 6 d earlier for DC
      or FC ewes than for NC ewes. A similarly designed experiment was conducted using
      Suffolk and Suffolk-cross ewe lambs allotted to treatments within breed and year
      to measure effects of ram exposure during the natural breeding season, but prior
      to breeding. Treatment differences were not detected (P greater than .05) for
      date of first observed estrus, date of lambing, percentage of ewes lambing in the
      first 17 d of the lambing season, number of lambs born per ewe lamb exposed or
      number of lambs born per ewe lamb giving birth.

PMID- 3693145
TI  - Maternal heterosis and grandmaternal effects in beef cattle: postweaning growth
      and carcass traits.
AB  - Crossbred steer and heifer progeny from 5-, 6- and 7-yr-old dams produced in a
      four-breed diallel crossing experiment involving the Brown Swiss, Red Poll,
      Hereford and Angus maternal grandsires and maternal granddams were evaluated for
      postweaning growth and carcass traits to estimate breed mean maternal heterosis,
      maternal heterosis for specific breed cross females, average maternal heterosis
      for all crosses, breed grandmaternal effects and net breed effects in crosses.
      All progeny evaluated were born in 1979 and 1980 and were sired by 7/8 or 15/16
      Simmental bulls. Average maternal heterosis was significant for 200-d weight in
      heifers but not in steers and was not significant for final weight (444-d) in
      either heifers or steers. The effects of maternal heterosis on postweaning growth
      were not important. Differences among breeds in mean maternal heterosis values
      were small for growth-related traits. Breeds did not differ (P greater than .05)
      in grandmaternal effects for growth-related traits; Brown Swiss tended to be
      highest, Red Poll lowest, with Hereford and Angus intermediate. Differences in
      net breed effects in crosses favored Brown Swiss over the three other breeds and
      were generally significant for growth traits. Average maternal heterosis, though
      generally positive, was not significant for carcass traits on either an age
      constant or weight-constant basis. Differences among breeds were small in
      grandmaternal effects, specific heterosis and net effects in crosses for carcass
      traits associated with both weight or composition; generally the Brown Swiss
      breed was favored on carcass traits associated with weight in the age-constant
      analysis and generally had a higher lean-to-fat ratio than the three other breeds
      in both the age-constant and weight-constant analyses.

PMID- 3693146
TI  - Reproductive traits of ewe lambs representing eight genetic types born in winter,
      spring, summer and fall.
AB  - Crossbred ewe lambs of eight genetic types (Dorset X 3/4 Dorset, DD; Dorset X 3/4
      Finn, DF; Finn X 3/4 Dorset, FD; Finn X 3/4 Finn, FF; Romanov X 3/4 Dorset, RD;
      Romanov X 3/4 Finn, RF; Romanov X Western, RW; and Western X Western, WW) were
      used to determine age and weight at conception, conception rate, ovulation rate,
      litter size and prenatal mortality. Each cross was represented in five different
      lamb crops born in winter, spring, summer and fall. High conception rates
      (greater than 88%) were obtained in all crops of ewe lambs, even in those born in
      June and exposed to rams the same year. Only Western ewe lambs born in June and
      exposed to rams in year of birth achieved low conception (59%). Ewe lambs born in
      October and missing the breeding season in the year of birth were more than 100 d
      older than ewe lambs born earlier in the calendar year and bred the same year.
      Prenatal mortalities varied widely (8 to 18%) among lamb crops, with management
      suspected to be a factor. Additive genetic effects in ovulation rate and litter
      size of the Romanov were similar to that of Finn. Romanov crosses (RF, RD, RW)
      conceived at the youngest age (226, 227, 231 d), demonstrating that Romanov is an
      early-maturing breed.

PMID- 3693147
TI  - Effects of weaning weight, co-mingling, group size and room temperature on pig
      performance.
AB  - Four experiments involving 3- to 4-wk-old, ad libitum-fed weanling pigs (n = 809)
      were conducted to determine the effects of initial pig weight, co-mingling of
      litters, numbers of pigs/pen and room temperature on pig performance in a
      conventionally equipped nursery. Pigs that were largest at birth were largest (P
      less than .01) at weaning (r = .66) and also at 28 d postweaning (r = .62). Light
      weight pigs (3.8 kg) at weaning gained more slowly (P less than .05) for 4 wk
      postweaning than heavy weight pigs (6.5 kg). Growth curves for the light and
      heavy groups of pigs remained parallel throughout the 4-wk nursery period,
      indicating that small pigs were not making compensatory gains. Growth rates of
      average-weight pigs (5.2 kg) were intermediate to and not different (P greater
      than .05) from light- and heavy-weight pigs. Penning 8, 16 or 24 pigs together
      while maintaining constant flooring area and feeder and waterer space/pig did not
      reduce (P greater than .05) intakes, gains or feed:gain ratios. Co-mingled
      litters grew comparably (P greater than .05) to pigs reared as littermates. In
      temperature studies, pigs were reared either in a room maintained at 29 +/- 2.8 C
      throughout the 28-d trials or at 29 +/- 2.8 C the first week postweaning and 24
      +/- 2.8 C thereafter. Reducing the nursery temperature to 24 +/- 2.8 C after 1 wk
      depressed (P less than .05) intakes, gains and feed efficiencies as compared with
      the warmer temperature regimen.

PMID- 3693149
TI  - A model for assessing the impact of behavioral stress on domestic animals.
AB  - Animal scientists need a reliable measure of behavioral stress in domestic
      animals if they are going to be able to assess the stress of various management
      practices and to answer public concern about the well-being of animals used in
      agriculture. Popular measures of stress, alterations in behavior or changes in
      hormone secretion, are not adequate because of a failure to establish any direct
      correlation between changes in these characteristics with adverse effects on
      animal well-being. Further complicating the use of these indicators of stress is
      the variation in their pattern of response to different kinds of stressors. Even
      the same stressor can elicit divergent responses in different animals because of
      inter-animal variation in the stress response. To address these problems, a model
      of animal stress is discussed and tested. From this model it is proposed that the
      best indicator of an animal suffering from stress is the development of a pre
      pathological state; i.e., a stress-related change in biological function that
      threatens the animal's well-being. Examples of such pre-pathological states would
      be a suppression of the immune system, the loss of reproductive events critical
      for normal reproduction, or the development of behaviors that would lead to such
      undesirable acts as tail-biting or excessive fighting. Although determining the
      existence of such pre-pathological states is not convenient, their existence is
      currently the only defensible indicator of an animal suffering from behavioral
      stress.

PMID- 3693148
TI  - Suckling behavior of calves with dams varying in milk production.
AB  - Two experiments were performed to test the hypothesis that suckling behavior of
      calves with similar growth potential varies depending on cows' level of estimated
      milk production and stage of lactation. Eleven mature cows, which varied in
      estimated 205-d milk production (996 to 2354 kg/205 d), nursing heifer calves of
      similar growth potential were used in Exp. 1. Suckling behavior of calves was
      observed for two 24-h periods at three stages of lactation (average of 52, 104
      and 167 d postpartum). Suckling frequency (suckling bouts/24 h) declined as milk
      production increased at 52 d of lactation (-.00382 bouts/kg milk) but was
      unrelated to milk production at later stages. Duration of suckling
      (minutes/suckling bout) increased with estimated level of milk production at all
      stages of lactation (means = .001556 min/kg milk). Total time suckling tended to
      increase as estimated level of milk production decreased at 52 d of lactation,
      but this component of suckling behavior was unaffected by milk level at later
      stages. Suckling frequency declined from 8.6 bouts/24 h at 52 d of lactation to
      4.5 bouts/24 h at 167 d of lactation when averaged across all cows. Total minutes
      nursed/24 h declined in a similar manner (64 min/24 h to 44 min/24 h) between 52
      and 167 d of lactation. Duration of each suckling bout did not change with stage.
      In the second experiment the relationship of suckling behavior to estimated milk
      production was evaluated at four early stages (average of 17, 38, 59 and 80 d
      postpartum) of lactation using 20 mature cows.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3693150
TI  - Collagen stability, testosterone secretion and meat tenderness in growing bulls
      and steers.
AB  - Interrelationships among concentrations and maturation of intramuscular collagen,
      serum concentration of hydroxyproline and testosterone and meat tenderness were
      determined in growing bulls and steers. Sixty-four Charolais X Angus bulls were
      assigned to sex treatment groups (intact or castrate) and slaughter groups (9,
      12, 15 or 18 mo of age). Animals were bled at 30-min intervals via intrajugular
      catheters between 0600 and 1400 beginning 48 h before slaughter. Serum
      concentrations of testosterone were determined in each sample from bulls and from
      four samples from steers; serum hydroxyproline was determined in the last sample
      from both sexes. Testosterone mean values for the collection period were
      calculated. Samples of the longissimus, semitendinosus and infraspinatus muscles
      secured within 45 min postmortem were analyzed for intramuscular collagen
      concentration, percent soluble collagen and collagen thermal shrinkage
      temperature. Tenderness of loin steaks was determined by Warner-Bratzler shear
      test. Serum concentrations of hydroxyproline and testosterone were higher (P less
      than .01) in bulls than steers. Age effects were noted for both hydroxyproline (P
      less than .01) and testosterone (P less than .06). Total intramuscular collagen
      was greater (P less than .01) in bulls than steers and was different (P less than
      .01) among muscles, but the muscle differences were not uniform over all ages (P
      less than .05). Percent soluble collagen declined (P less than .01) with age and
      was different (P less than .01) among muscles. Interaction of age and muscle (P
      less than .01) and age and sex (P less than .05) also were noted for percent
      soluble collagen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3693151
TI  - Limiting amino acids in an 11% crude protein corn-soybean meal diet for growing
      pigs.
AB  - Three experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that methionine,
      isoleucine, valine or nitrogen either singly or in combination are limiting in an
      11% crude protein, lysine-tryptophan-threonine-supplemented, corn-soybean meal
      diet for growing pigs. A 16% crude protein diet was used as a positive control in
      each experiment and all amino acid additions were made, at a minimum, to equal
      requirements. Average initial weights were 21.3 kg, 23.0 kg and 19.1 kg in Exp.
      1, 2 and 3, respectively. The experiments averaged 4 wk in duration. In Exp. 1
      and 2, neither the addition of glutamic acid as a source of nitrogen, nor
      methionine to the 11% diet resulted in any improvement (P greater than .20) in
      rate or efficiency of growth. Addition of the combination of isoleucine and
      valine to the 11% diet resulted in an increase (P less than .05) in both growth
      rate and feed efficiency to a level not different (P greater than .20) from that
      of the pigs consuming the positive control diet. The addition of valine to the
      11% crude protein diet with supplemental lysine, tryptophan and threonine (Exp.
      3) caused an improvement in daily gain (P less than .05) but not feed efficiency
      (P greater than .10). Isoleucine addition tended to reduce pig performance. The
      results of these experiments suggest that an 11% crude protein, corn-soybean meal
      diet fortified with lysine, tryptophan and threonine is not limiting in sulfur
      amino acids or nitrogen. Valine may be the only limiting amino acid.

PMID- 3693152
TI  - Effects of different heat treatments during processing on nutrient digestibility
      of soybean meal in growing swine.
AB  - Four soybean meals (SBM) were prepared in a commercial solvent-extraction plant
      to give a much wider range in heat treatment than is usually found among
      commercially available SBM. The meals were designated in ascending order of heat
      treatment as Under, Normal, Over and Rumen Escape. The Normal meal was processed
      using standard operating conditions. The Under meal received less heat treatment
      by reducing the steam pressure and retention time in the desolventizer-toaster.
      Over and Rumen Escape meals received further heat treatment in an additional four
      compartment toaster. The Over meal received less heat treatment than the Rumen
      Escape meal by reducing steam pressure and retention time in both toasters. Crude
      protein content was similar for the four meals, but lysine tended to decrease
      with increasing heat treatment. In general, urease activity, trypsin inhibitor,
      protein dispersibility index and nitrogen solubility index decreased with
      increasing heat treatment. The +a Hunterlab color values increased as heat
      treatment increased. Apparent ileal digestibility of N and amino acids were
      similar for all meals (P greater than .05); however lysine digestibility for the
      Rumen Escape meal was 3.3 percentage units lower than the average of the lesser
      heated meals. Energy digestibilities and nitrogen balance data were also similar
      (P greater than .05) for the four meals, but the apparent biological value of the
      Rumen Escape meal was 4.5 percentage units lower than the average of the other
      meals. There were no differences in nutritional value among the Under, Normal and
      Over meals, which represent the range in heat treatment usually found among SBM.
      The Rumen Escape meal, which received more severe heat treatment, tended to have
      lower nutritional value than the lesser-heated meals.

PMID- 3693153
TI  - Effects of different heat treatments during processing of soybean meal on nursery
      and growing pig performance.
AB  - Four soybean meals (SBM) were manufactured in a commercial solvent-extraction
      plant to give a much wider range in heat treatment than is usually found among
      commercially available SBM. The SBM were designated in ascending order of heat
      treatment as Under, Normal, Over and Rumen Escape. The nutritive value of the
      four meals was evaluated in a series of five feeding trials using 458 pigs: two
      performance and two diet preference trials with pigs weaned at 4 wk of age and
      one performance trial with growing pigs (17.4 kg initial weight were conducted).
      In both nursery and grower trials, there were no differences (P greater than .10)
      in performance of pigs fed the four meals. However, in the nursery trials, the
      severely heated meal (Rumen Escape) supported slightly lower gains (6.4%) and
      less desirable feed efficiency (3.5%) than the average of the other three meals.
      Growing pig performance was essentially the same for all meals. This suggests
      that older pigs either used the Rumen Escape meal more effectively than nursery
      pigs, or the Rumen Escape diet contained adequate digestible lysine for 17.4-kg
      pigs to grow optimally. In the preference studies, pigs selected between Normal-
      and Rumen Escape-supplemented diets. Pigs consumed 63 and 62% of the Normal diet
      in preference trials 1 and 2, but these differences were not significant (P
      greater than .10) due to the large variation among pens. These data suggest that
      the range of heat treatment normally found among commercially available SBM
      (Under, Normal and Over meals) has no effect on the nutritive value of the meal
      for swine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3693154
TI  - Effect of unilateral hysterectomy and ovariectomy on puberty, uterine size and
      embryo development in swine.
AB  - Eighty crossbred gilts were assigned randomly to treatments: 1) removal of an
      ovary and ipsilateral uterine horn (UHO) at 130 d of age and removal of the
      remaining ovary and uterine horn 12 d post-puberty; 2) UHO at 130 d of age, mated
      and reproductive tracts recovered when slaughtered at 30 d of gestation; 3) UHO
      12 d post-puberty, mated and slaughtered at 30 d of gestation and 4) unoperated
      controls that were mated and slaughtered at 30 d of gestation. Age of puberty was
      not affected by treatments. Gilts in treatment 1 had a mean ovulation rate at the
      pubertal estrus comparable to gilts in treatment 3. But, gilts in treatments 2
      and 3 had 16% fewer (P less than .01) corpora lutea at 30 d of gestation than
      control gilts. Length and weight of the remaining uterine horn at 12 d post
      puberty for gilts treated at 130 d of age were similar to the averages of gilts
      left intact. Gilts with one uterine horn had 2.2 fewer live embryos at 30 d of
      gestation than control gilts (P less than .01). But, the proportion of corpora
      lutea represented by live embryos did not differ significantly among treatments.
      Gilts with one uterine horn had 1.1 fewer live embryos (P less than .15) after
      adjustment for number of corpora lutea, less uterine space occupied by each
      embryo (P less than .01) and less total placental membrane per embryo (P less
      than .05) than control gilts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3693155
TI  - Effect of photoperiod and castration on prolactin, testosterone and luteinizing
      hormone concentrations in male calves.
AB  - After 8 wk exposure to 8 h of light per day, prolactin (PRL) averaged 18.3 ng/ml
      of serum in eight male calves. Four calves then received 16 h of light per day; 6
      wk later (age 14 wk) PRL averaged 93.8 ng/ml of serum, whereas PRL averaged 36.9
      ng/ml of serum in four calves maintained under 8 h of daily light. By wk 20, PRL
      was not different in calves exposed to 16 or 8 h of daily light, averaging 34.7
      and 17.2 ng/ml serum. Testosterone averaged .43 ng/ml of serum at wk 8 but was
      greater at wk 14 in calves receiving 16 h of light daily when compared with
      controls receiving 8 h of light (1.92 vs. .97 ng/ml of serum). Testosterone
      concentrations were not different between photoperiod treatments at wk 20.
      Luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations were unaffected by photoperiod. In a
      second experiment, four male calves were castrated at approximately 2 wk of age
      while four similar controls were left gonadally intact. After 8 wk exposure to 8
      h of light per day, PRL averaged 12.3 ng/ml of serum in all calves. After 6 wk
      exposure to 16 h of light per day, PRL in serum increased in castrates to 48.0
      ng/ml and in controls to 59.8 ng/ml. We conclude that serum concentrations of PRL
      and testosterone, but not LH, increased in bull calves receiving 16 h of light
      daily relative to calves receiving 8 h of light, and that the PRL response to
      photoperiod is independent of the testes. However, 16 h light-induced stimulation
      of serum concentrations of prolactin is not maintained indefinitely.

PMID- 3693156
TI  - Induced non-enzymatic browning of soybean meal. I. Effects of factors controlling
      non-enzymatic browning on in vitro ammonia release.
AB  - Non-enzymatic browning was tested as a means of suppressing degradation of
      soybean meal (SBM) by ruminal microbes in five trials with in vitro ammonia
      release as the response criterion. Treatments imposed on SBM included reducing
      sugar source (xylose, glucose, fructose and lactose), reducing sugar level (1, 3
      and 5 mol/mol SBM-lysine), pH (6.5, 8.5 and 10.0), dry matter (DM) content (65,
      70, 75, 80, 85 and 90%) and varying lengths of heating time (0 to 90 min) at 150
      C. Samples heated under conditions that promoted non-enzymatic browning gave
      greater (P less than .01) ammonia release suppression that when SBM was heated
      without these treatments. Xylose was the most reactive sugar, but extended
      heating of SBM containing glucose, fructose or lactose resulted in ammonia
      release similar to xylose. Increasing sugar level from 1 to 5 mol/mol SBM-lysine
      caused linear decreases (P less than .01) in ammonia release for xylose, glucose
      and fructose, but not lactose. Ammonia release was higher (P less than .01) at pH
      6.5 than pH 8.5 and 10.0, and higher (P less than .01) at pH 9.5 than pH 10.0.
      Rate of non-enzymatic browning decreased when samples containing greater than 80%
      DM were heated. These results are interpreted to show that controlled non
      enzymatic browning may be effective for reducing ruminal degradation of SBM.

PMID- 3693157
TI  - Induced non-enzymatic browning of soybean meal. II. Ruminal escape and net portal
      absorption of soybean protein treated with xylose.
AB  - Non-enzymatic browning was tested as a means of increasing ruminal escape of
      soybean meal N. Soybean meal was treated with xylose (3 mol/mol SBM-lysine),
      sodium hydroxide (pH 8.5) and enough water to achieve an 83% dry matter mixture
      and then heated at 150 C for 30 min (XTS-30). Trial 1 evaluated ruminal escape of
      N from XTS-30 compared with commercial soybean meal (CS) or urea (U) in a
      replicated 3 X 3 Latin square design using six duodenally cannulated Angus X
      Hereford steers (24.7 kg). Duodenal flow of dietary N was higher (P less than for
      steers fed XTS-30 (47.9 g/d) than for steers fed CS (39.5 g/d). The ruminal
      escape estimate for XTS-30 (33.7%) was higher (P less than .10) than CS (13.1%),
      whereas total tract apparent N digestibility was not different among treatments.
      In trial 2, net portal absorption of alpha-amino N was measured in Finnsheep X
      Suffolk ram lambs (24.7 kg) fed U, CS or XTS-30 in a 3 X 3 Latin square design.
      Portal blood flow was measured by primed, continuous infusion of para
      aminohippuric acid. Portal blood flow was lower (P less than .05) for U.fed lambs
      than for lambs fed CS or XTS-30, and tended to be lower for lambs fed CS than
      those fed XTS-30. Net portal absorption of alpha-amino N tended to be lowest for
      lambs fed U (281 mmol/d) and highest for lambs fed XTS-30 (578 mmol/d). The
      results are interpreted to show that non-enzymatic browning increased flow of
      soybean meal N to the intestine.

PMID- 3693158
TI  - Induced non-enzymatic browning of soybean meal. III. Digestibility and efficiency
      of protein utilization by ruminants of soybean meal treated with xylose or
      glucose.
AB  - Trials were conducted to evaluate effects of non-enzymatic browning of soybean
      meal (SBM) on efficiency of protein utilization and N digestibility. In trial 1,
      48 Suffolk-Finnsheep lambs (22 kg) were fed 80 d to evaluate efficiency of
      protein utilization for growth when supplemental protein was fed as urea (U),
      commercial SBM (CS), or commercial SBM (pH 8.5, 83% dry matter) containing xylose
      (3 mol/mol SBM-lysine) and heated 30 min (XTS-30) or 55 min (XTS-55). Diets
      containing graded levels of N from CS, XTS-30 and XTS-55 were fed. Response
      criterion was efficiency of protein utilization, plotted as gains of lambs fed
      test proteins minus gain of lambs fed U vs supplemental test protein fed.
      Efficiencies of protein utilization were .62, 1.27 and .91 for CS, XTS-30 and XTS
      55, respectively. Protein from XTS-30 was used more efficiently (P less than .05)
      than that from CS. In trial 2, apparent digestibility of N from CS (97%) was
      higher (P less than .01) than XTS-30 (77%) and XTS-55 (82%) by Suffolk-Finnsheep
      lambs (27 kg). In trial 3, 60 mixed-breed steers (218 kg) were fed individually
      for 105 d to evaluate glucose as a reducing sugar. Glucose-treated SBM (GTS) was
      prepared by mixing glucose (3 mol/mol SBM lysine) with SBM, adjusting pH and dry
      matter content to 8.5 and 80%, respectively, and heating at 150 C for 60 min.
      Supplemental N sources were U, CS, GTS and a 50:50 mixture (protein basis) of
      corn gluten meal and blood meal (CGM/BM).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3693159
TI  - Effect of water restriction and dietary potassium on nutrient metabolism in
      lambs.
AB  - Twenty-four Hampshire X Suffolk wether lambs (40 kg) were used in a 2 X 2
      factorial arrangement of treatments to study the influence of water restriction
      and high levels of dietary K on nutrient utilization. Lambs were offered either a
      normal K diet (1.86% K) or a high K diet (3.66% K). Additionally, the lambs were
      offered either a normal quantity of water (previously determined voluntary intake
      of lambs fed normal K levels) or were restricted to a water intake 80% of normal.
      Each lamb received 800 g/d of a fescue hay-corn diet (77.5% fescue hay) with an
      additional 20 g of KCl offered to lambs on high K treatments. The experiment
      consisted of 14 d of adjustment and 7 d of total collection with blood and
      ruminal parameters measured on the last day of collection. Both acid detergent
      fiber digestibility and N balance were reduced (P less than .05) by high K
      intake. Urinary Mg excretion tended (P greater than .05) to be decreased by water
      restriction. Plasma Mg concentrations at 2 h post-feeding (PF) tended (P greater
      than .05) to be reduced by a high K intake at a normal level of water consumption
      but increased at high K intake when water intake was restricted. A similar
      pattern was observed for plasma K concentrations. Although high K intake resulted
      in elevated (P less than .05) ruminal K concentrations both at 2 and 6 h PF,
      ruminal concentrations of ammonia-N and volatile fatty acids were not affected (P
      greater than .05) by treatment. These data suggest that nutrient utilization in
      both the digestive tract and tissues is altered by level of K and modest water
      restriction.

PMID- 3693160
TI  - Steers grazing blue grama rangeland throughout the growing season. I. Dietary
      composition, intake, digesta kinetics and ruminal fermentation.
AB  - Four sampling periods on blue grama rangeland in northeastern New Mexico
      evaluated effects of advancing forage maturity and drought-induced dormancy on
      dietary nutrient and botanical composition, intake, digesta kinetics and ruminal
      fermentation in grazing beef steers. Six ruminally cannulated and three
      esophageally cannulated steers freely grazed a 12-ha pasture during the study.
      Sampling periods lasted 11 d and started June 2, during the early growing season
      (EGS); June 22, during early summer dormancy (ESD); July 21, during late summer
      dormancy (LSD); and August 25, 1985, during the late growing season (LGS). Forage
      availability was not limiting in any sampling period. Steers consumed a greater
      (P less than .05) percentage in forbs and lower percentage of grasses in EGS and
      ESD than in LSD and LGS. Dietary in vitro organic matter digestibility was lower
      (P less than .05) in ESD than in EGS, LSD and LGS. Dietary N content was higher
      (P less than .05) in EGs and LGS than in ESD and LSD. Neutral detergent fiber
      content was lower (P less than .05) in EGS than in other sampling periods, while
      dietary lignin contents were similar for all sampling periods. Voluntary organic
      matter intake was similar for all sampling periods; however, estimated
      gastrointestinal tract fill was greater (P less than .05) in ESD and LSD than in
      EGS and LGS. Particulate passage rate was slower (P less than .05) and total mean
      retention time longer (P less than .05) in LSD than in other sampling periods.
      Rate and lag time of neutral detergent fiber digestion were not different among
      sampling periods. Ruminal pH was greater (P less than .05) at 3 and 6 h after
      sunrise in ESD than in other sampling periods. Ruminal ammonia concentrations
      were lower (P less than .05) in ESD and LSD than in EGS and LGS at 3 and 6 h
      after sunrise. Total volatile fatty acid concentrations were lower (P less than
      .05) in ESD than in EGS and LSD at 3 h after sunrise and lower (P less than .10)
      than EGS and LGS at 9 h after sunrise. Molar proportions of acetate were greater
      (P less than .05) at 3 h after sunrise in ESD and LSD than in EGS and LGS.
      Changes in digesta kinetics and ruminal fermentation patterns observed in this
      study appeared to be related to both forage maturity and dietary botanical
      composition.

PMID- 3693161
TI  - Steers grazing blue grama rangeland throughout the growing season. II. Site and
      extent of digestion and microbial protein synthesis.
AB  - Effects of advancing forage maturity and drought-induced summer dormancy on site
      and extent of digestion and microbial protein synthesis in beef steers grazing
      native blue grama rangeland were evaluated in four sampling periods. Five steers
      (avg initial wt 227 kg) fitted with ruminal, duodenal and ileal cannulae and
      three steers cannulated at the esophagus freely grazed a 12-ha study pasture.
      Sampling periods lasted 11 d and started June 2, which was during the early
      growing season (EGS); June 22, during early summer dormancy (ESD); July 21,
      during late summer dormancy (LSD); and August 25, 1985, during the late growing
      season (LGS). Dietary N content was lower (P less than .05) in ESD and LSD than
      in EGS and LGS. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content was lower (P less than .05)
      in EGS than in other sampling periods. Ruminal organic matter (OM) digestion was
      lower (P less than .05) in ESD than in EGS, probably because of increased dietary
      NDF and lower N content. Ruminal OM digestion was greater (P less than .05) in
      LSD and LGS than in ESD because of increased fiber digestion. Neutral detergent
      fiber and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestion occurring in the rumen was greater
      (P less than .05) in LSD and LGS than in EGS and ESD. Organic matter digestion in
      the small intestine and OM, NDF and ADF digestion in the hindgut were similar for
      all sampling periods. Over 90% of the fiber digestion occurred
      ruminally.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3693162
TI  - Beef cattle feed intake and growth: empirical Bayes derivation of the Kalman
      filter applied to a nonlinear dynamic model.
AB  - Feed intake and growth rate of a single group of growing-finishing feedlot beef
      cattle are difficult to predict. Subsequent performance can be projected more
      precisely from past performance of a group of cattle. Using an adaptation of the
      statistical procedure called the empirical Bayes (EB) derivation of the Kalman
      filter, estimates from any dynamic model (M) can be adjusted based on past
      performance. The model may be either linear or nonlinear. With this procedure,
      predictions of intake and body weight gain are periodically updated by
      multiplying the estimates from M by statistically weighted factors. These factors
      are derived from the ratio of performance in each period to the performance
      predicted by M. For comparison to the EB adjustment, weighting of factors by
      least-squares (LS) adjustment also was tested to predict subsequent feed intake
      and gain. The test data base consisted of periodic feed intake and gain
      observations (usually 28 d) for 200 pens of feedlot steers. Bias of prediction
      was lower for EB than for M or LS for feed intake and (usually) gain. Intake and
      gain prediction errors averaged for the whole feeding period were .42 kg/d for
      intake and .14 kg/d for gain by EB, being .84 and .18 kg/d more precise than M
      and .12 and .33 kg/d more precise than LS predictions. More than two observations
      were needed before LS produced accurate prediction but after about 80 d, LS and
      EB estimates converged. Accuracy of both estimates continued to improve as days
      on feed increased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3693163
TI  - Effects of energy intake on energetic efficiency and body composition of beef
      steers differing in size at maturity.
AB  - Hereford and Charolais steers were fed at three levels of feed intake (low,
      medium or ad libitum) to similar weights within breed groups to evaluate effects
      of energy intake on energetic efficiency and body composition. Two methods were
      employed to partition metabolizable energy intake into use for maintenance and
      gain. Method one used an assumed daily fasting heat production of 77 kcal/weight
      (W).75; method two estimated fasting heat production from the regression of log
      daily heat production against metabolizable energy intake (kcal/W.75). Net energy
      for gain (NEg) was determined in method one by regressing retained energy
      (kcal/W.75) against feed intake (g/W.75). For method two, the estimated
      maintenance requirement of feed was subtracted from total feed intake and
      retained energy was regressed against feed intake above maintenance to estimate
      NEg. Conclusions regarding feed energy utilization for maintenance and gain were
      the same by either method of energy partitioning. Charolais steers used feed
      energy less efficiently for gain than Hereford steers, and ad libitum steers used
      feed energy less efficiently for gain than steers at lower intakes (P less than
      .05). Charolais steers made leaner (P less than .05) gains than Hereford steers.
      Although steers consuming the lowest level of feed made gains containing a lower
      percentage of fat and a higher percentage of protein (P less than .05) than
      steers at higher intakes, body composition within a breed was not altered by
      level of energy intake when animals, within breeds, were slaughtered at similar
      end weights.

PMID- 3693164
TI  - Performance, body composition and carcass characteristics of finishing steers as
      influenced by previous forage systems.
AB  - To evaluate effects of previous forage systems on feedlot performance, yearling
      Hereford steers (average initial weight of 249 kg) were grazed on tall fescue
      (TF), smooth bromegrass-red clover (BG-RC) or orchardgrass-red clover (OG-RC)
      pastures before finishing. Serial slaughter was utilized during the first 2 yr of
      this study to determine changes in carcass characteristics throughout finishing,
      while steers were slaughtered at approximately 29% body fat during the third
      year. Steers grazing TF entered the feedlot at lighter weights and maintained
      lighter weights throughout finishing (P less than .05) even though dry matter
      intakes and feed conversions were similar (P greater than .05) among treatments.
      Steers that previously grazed TF had less (P less than .05) body fat, body
      protein, fat thickness and marbling, smaller (P less than .05) ribeye areas and
      lower (P less than .05) USDA yield and quality grades than than those that grazed
      BG-RC and OG-RC. However, linear contrasts indicated that steers grazing TF were
      compensating in ribeye area, marbling and quality grade as days in feedlot
      increased. This was confirmed in the third-year study, since carcass
      characteristics were similar among all steers. During the third year, linear and
      quadratic contrasts indicated that steers that grazed TF partially compensated in
      body protein. As days in feedlot increased, live and hot carcass weights, body
      fat, fat thickness, kidney, pelvic and heart fat, marbling, and USDA yield and
      quality grades increased (P less than .05), while ribeye area and body protein
      plateaued. Although carcass characteristics were similar among treatments, steers
      backgrounded on TF entered the feedlot at lighter weights, and partially
      compensated in weight after 134 d of finishing.

PMID- 3693165
TI  - Control of local heat gain by vasomotor response of the hand.
AB  - Finger blood flow (BF) was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography using
      mercury-in-Silastic strain gauges during immersion of one hand in hot water
      (raised by steps of 2 degrees C every 10 min from 35 to 43 degrees C), the other
      being a control (kept immersed in water at 35 degrees C). The measurements were
      made in three different thermal states on separate days: 1) cool-25 degrees C,
      40% rh, esophageal temperature (Tes) = 36.64 +/- 0.10 degrees C; 2) warm-35
      degrees C, 40% rh, Tes = 36.71 +/- 0.11 degrees C; and 3) hot-35 degrees C, 80%
      rh with the legs immersed in water at 42 degrees C, Tes = 37.26 +/- 0.11 degrees
      C. When water temperature was raised at 42 degrees C, Tes = 37.26 +/- 0.11 When
      water temperature was raised to 39-41 degrees C in the warm state, finger BF in
      the hand heated locally (BFw) decreased. When water temperature was raised to 43
      degrees C, however, BFw returned to the control value. In the hot state, Tes rose
      steadily, reaching 37.90 +/- 0.12 degrees C at the end of the 50-min sessions. BF
      in the control finger also increased gradually during the session. BFw showed a
      tendency to decrease when water temperature was raised to 39 degrees C, but the
      change was not greater than that observed in the warm state. In the cool state,
      no such reduction in BFw was observed when water temperature was raised to 39-41
      degrees C. On the contrary, BFw increased at water temperatures of 41-43 degrees
      C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3693166
TI  - Effects of lung inflation on nasal airway resistance in the anesthetized rat.
AB  - Nasal airway resistance was assessed in halothane-anesthetized rats by measuring
      the transnasal pressure at constant airflow through both nasal cavities. Low
      inflation pressures (2.5-5 cmH2O) decreased nasal airway resistance, whereas
      higher inflation pressures (10-20 cmH2O) caused a biphasic response: an initial
      increase in resistance followed by a decrease in resistance. The nasal responses
      to all levels of inflation were completely abolished by hexamethonium,
      guanethidine, or bretylium pretreatment or cervical sympathectomy and greatly
      lessened by cervical vagotomy or phenoxybenzamine pretreatment. Atropine and
      propranolol pretreatments had no effect on the responses. These findings indicate
      that the nasal airway resistance is related to the level of inflation through
      pulmonary reflexes with afferents along the vagi and efferents via the alpha
      adrenergic nervous system.

PMID- 3693168
TI  - Cardiopulmonary function during 7 h of constant-dose halothane and
      methoxyflurane.
AB  - Cardiopulmonary effects of prolonged, constant-alveolar-dose halothane (HAL) and
      methoxyflurane (MOF) in O2 anesthesia on spontaneously breathing dogs were
      determined. One hour after anesthetic induction, end-tidal concentration was set
      at 1.04% HAL or 0.28% MOF [each representing 1.2 minimum alveolar concentration
      (MAC) for dogs] and maintained for 7 h. No time-related changes were associated
      with MOF. However, HAL significantly (P less than 0.05) elevated cardiac output
      (Q) from 2 to 7 h by increasing stroke volume; mean aortic pressure (MAP) also
      increased with time (P less than 0.05 beginning at 5 h). Four of these dogs were
      studied again at least 3 wk later at a constant end-tidal dose of 1.48% HAL in O2
      (1.7 MAC). Q and MAP were lower initially during 1.7 MAC than during 1.2 MAC but
      not after 2 h of anesthesia. The greater HAL dose initially depressed ventilation
      and elevated arterial partial pressure of CO2 (PaCO2) compared with the lower
      dose. PaCO2 continued to increase with duration of 1.7 MAC HAL, as did results of
      ventilatory gas volume and flow measurements.

PMID- 3693167
TI  - The English bulldog: a natural model of sleep-disordered breathing.
AB  - To establish a natural model of sleep-disordered breathing, we investigated
      respiration during wakefulness and sleep in the English bulldog. This breed is
      characterized by an abnormal upper airway anatomy, with enlargement of the soft
      palate and narrowing of the oropharynx. During sleep, the animals had disordered
      respiration and episodes of O2 desaturation. These were worst in rapid-eye
      movement (REM) sleep, with most bulldogs having O2 saturations of less than 90%
      for prolonged durations. In contrast, control dogs never desaturated. In REM
      sleep, the bulldogs had episodes of both central and obstructive apnea, the
      latter being associated with paradoxical movements of the rib cage and abdomen.
      During wakefulness, the bulldogs were hypersomnolent as evidenced by a shortened
      sleep latency (mean of 12 min compared with greater than 150 min for controls).
      This animal model should facilitate studies of the natural history of the sleep
      apnea syndrome and its complications.

PMID- 3693169
TI  - Quantitative measurement of smooth muscle shortening in isolated pig trachea.
AB  - Matched porcine tracheal rings were exposed to theophylline and increasing doses
      of carbachol in Krebs solution. Histological sections of each ring were traced
      and each of the following dimensions measured: the external perimeter (Pe) and
      external area (Ae) defined by the outer border of smooth muscle and inner surface
      of cartilage, and the internal perimeter (Pi) and internal area (Ai) defined by
      the luminal surface of the epithelium and the muscle length (L) along its outer
      border. Absolute wall area (WA = Ae - Ai) and relative wall area (PW = WA/Ae)
      were calculated. Carbachol-treated tracheal ring dimensions were compared with
      those of their matched theophylline-treated rings. In tracheal rings with intact
      cartilage, maximal smooth muscle shortening of 44% was achieved with 10(-2) M
      carbachol. In tracheal rings in which anterior and posterior segments of
      cartilage were excised, the trachealis muscle passively shortened by 20% and
      maximal shortening (10(-3) M carbachol) was 57%. Although Ai decreased with
      maximal smooth muscle shortening, there were no changes in the length of Pi or in
      WA. These data show that the cartilage in the porcine trachea exerts both a
      preload that passively stretches the trachealis muscle and an afterload that
      limits maximal smooth muscle shortening.

PMID- 3693170
TI  - Role of bronchopulmonary C-fiber afferents in the apneic response to cigarette
      smoke.
AB  - The role of vagal bronchopulmonary C-fiber afferents in eliciting the immediate
      changes in breathing pattern after acute inhalation of cigarette smoke was
      assessed with a selective blockade of myelinated vagal afferents (innervating
      both stretch and irritant receptors) utilizing the method of differential
      cooling. In 15 of 17 chloralose-anesthetized dogs tested, spontaneous inhalation
      of cigarette smoke (19.7% avg conc, 500-700 ml vol) reproducibly caused the
      following immediate responses: apnea, bradycardia, and hypotension. These
      responses occurred within 1 to 2 breaths of smoke inhalation and were followed by
      a delayed hyperpnea. The apneic duration reached 326 +/- 33% (SE) (n = 15) of the
      mean base-line expiratory duration. Differential cold block of both vagi (coolant
      temperature 8.4 +/- 0.3 degrees C) abolished the reflex apnea induced by a
      positive-pressure (7-10 cmH2O) lung inflation but did not affect the apneic
      response to smoke inhalation (345 +/- 35%). The smoke-induced apnea was
      completely abolished by lowering the coolant temperature to -1.3 +/- 0.2 degrees
      C (n = 10) or by bilateral vagotomy (n = 5) and returned to the control level
      after both vagi were rewarmed. Based on these results, we suggest that the
      immediate apneic response to inhaled cigarette smoke is elicited by a stimulation
      of vagal C-fiber afferents in the lungs and airways.

PMID- 3693171
TI  - A graphic analysis of respiratory heat exchange.
AB  - A new graphic representation of respiratory heat exchange is proposed using the
      concept of equivalent temperatures directly related to enthalpy values. On such a
      diagram it is possible to 1) compute the value of the heat exchange (delta H)
      knowing the inspired temperature (TI) and the partial pressure of water vapor
      (PIH2O) [or the relative humidity (rhI)] of inspired gas; 2) estimate the
      variation in delta H following a given variation in TI and PIH2O or, inversely,
      to choose the variation in TI and PIH2O necessary to obtain a given variation in
      delta H; 3) dissociate inspiratory and expiratory exchanges and to evaluate the
      efficiency of the respiratory heat exchange process in different environmental
      situations; and 4) easily compare the results of different studies published on
      respiratory heat exchanges in humans or other animal species.

PMID- 3693172
TI  - Repeated high-force eccentric exercise: effects on muscle pain and damage.
AB  - Five women and three men (aged 24-43 yr) performed maximal eccentric contractions
      of the elbow flexors (for 20 min) on three occasions, spaced 2 wk apart. Muscle
      pain, strength and contractile properties, and plasma creatine kinase (CK) were
      studied before and after each exercise bout. Muscle tenderness was greatest after
      the first bout and thereafter progressively decreased. Very high plasma CK levels
      (1,500-11,000 IU/l) occurred after the first bout, but the second and third bouts
      did not significantly affect the plasma CK. After each bout the strength was
      reduced by approximately 50% and after 2 wk had only recovered to 80% of
      preexercise values. Each exercise bout produced a marked shift of the force
      frequency curve to the right which took approximately 2 wk to recover. The
      recovery rate of both strength and force-frequency characteristics was faster
      after the second and third bouts. Since the adaptation occurred after the
      performance of maximal contractions it cannot have been a result of changes in
      motor unit recruitment. The observed training effect of repeated exercise was not
      a consequence of the muscle becoming either stronger or more resistant to
      fatigue.

PMID- 3693173
TI  - Effects of arterial ligation and embolization on pulmonary vascular pressure
      distribution.
AB  - The effects of embolization on the longitudinal distribution of pulmonary
      vascular pressures with respect to vascular compliance were determined by the
      vascular inflow and outflow occlusion technique in isolated blood-perfused pig
      lungs treated with papaverine to prevent vasomotor responses. Embolization with
      microspheres having mean diameters of 75, 200, and 550 microns and with barrier
      beads (2 X 3 X 3.5 mm) significantly increased the pressure gradient across the
      relatively compliant middle region (delta Pm) without increasing the gradients
      across the relatively noncompliant regions on the arterial (delta Pa) or venous
      (delta Pv) ends of the vasculature. In contrast ligation of several lobar
      arteries caused delta Pa to increase from 0.9 +/- 0.3 to 5.9 +/- 1.1 mmHg but did
      not change delta Pm or delta Pv. Assuming that delta Pa and delta Pv measured by
      vascular occlusion result from cessation of flow through resistances, these data
      suggest that in isolated pig lungs the vessels at the boundary between the
      arterial and middle regions defined by the occlusion technique are arteries
      greater than 2-3 mm diam and smaller than lobar arteries.

PMID- 3693174
TI  - Phrenic and external intercostal motoneuron activity during progressive asphyxia.
AB  - Phrenic and external intercostal motoneuron activities were compared during
      progressive asphyxia induced by the interruption of artificial ventilation in the
      pentobarbital-urethan-anesthetized, gallamine-paralysed rabbit. The relative
      augmentation of inspiratory activity of the T1-T4 external intercostal nerves was
      significantly greater than that of the phrenic nerve during asphyxic hyperpnea.
      This was associated with a greater recruitment of intercostal than of phrenic
      motoneurons, particularly late in the hyperpneic phase immediately before the
      period of asphyxic apnea. However, peak and average discharge frequencies
      developed by intercostal motoneurons (n = 20) were only approximately 60% of
      those of the phrenic motoneurons (n = 28). Gasping respiration terminated the
      apneic period and was associated with a further intense recruitment of
      intercostal though not of phrenic motoneurons, but discharge frequencies
      developed by the intercostal motoneurons remained approximately 60% of those of
      the phrenic motoneurons. The instantaneous frequency profiles generated by the
      motoneurons often exhibited progressive changes during the terminal stages of
      hyperpnea (reduction in inspiratory duration and duty cycle and increases in
      inspiratory slope and discharge frequencies) such that much of the character of
      gasping respiration became evident before the apnea. Such smooth transitional
      sequences do not obviate the existence of an "independent gasping center" but do
      require that such a proposed center at least possess the capacity for interaction
      with those sites responsible for the generation of eupneic and hyperpneic
      respiration.

PMID- 3693175
TI  - Influence of pulmonary inflations on discharge patterns of phrenic motoneurons.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of pulmonary inflations on
      activities of single phrenic motoneurons. Studies were performed in decerebrate
      and paralyzed cats; activities of phrenic nerve and single phrenic motoneurons
      were recorded. Animals were ventilated with a servo-respirator which produced
      alterations in tracheal pressure in parallel with changes in integrated activity
      of the phrenic nerve. At end-tidal fractional concentrations of CO2 of 0.05,
      phrenic motoneurons were distributed into "early" and "late" populations,
      depending on time of onset of activity. During the late stages of neural
      inspiration, differences in levels of integrated activity of the phrenic nerve
      became evident between cycles with and without lung inflations. At a time
      approximating 90% of the inspiratory duration during inflations, integrated
      phrenic activity was higher for cycles with inflation. Concomitantly, with lung
      inflations, the discharge frequencies of early phrenic motoneurons were lower,
      and late motoneurons began to discharge sooner than when inflations were
      withheld. Similar results were obtained in hypercapnia. We conclude that reflexes
      activated by pulmonary inflations may produce augmentation, as well as inhibition
      of phrenic motoneuronal activities. Factors responsible for eliciting these
      reflex augmentations and inhibitions are discussed.

PMID- 3693176
TI  - Continuous, graded steady-state muscle work in rats studied by in vivo 31P-NMR.
AB  - Theoretical consideration and experimental findings of 31P nuclear magnetic
      resonance spectroscopy (NMR) studies of exercising human muscle suggest that a
      graded, steady-state work protocol is highly suitable for performance evaluation
      in health and disease. We describe a similar rat model for repeated 31P-NMR
      studies that follows many of the 31P-NMR features observed in normal human
      controls. Calf muscles of rats anesthetized with chloral hydrate were indirectly
      stimulated at four frequencies (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 Hz). It was found that 1)
      several steady states can be briefly maintained in this model; 2) work-induced
      phosphocreatine (PCr) fall and inorganic phosphate (Pi) rise is stoichiometric;
      3) a linear relationship between stimulation rate and Pi/PCr was obtained, with a
      slope of 2.01 +/- 0.4 (+/- 2SD, n = 15); 4) no significant drop in ATP was
      observed, allowing the estimation of phosphorylation potential (PP) changes
      during this range of muscle work (PP at rest was 61,603 +/- 25,100 M-1 and fell
      to 6,700 +/- 900 M-1 at the end of exercise); and 5) poststimulation recovery was
      rapid, with a rate of 2.27 +/- 0.5 PCr/Pi U/min. This simple model can be used
      for prolonged studies of chronic animal muscle disorders.

PMID- 3693178
TI  - Relation between upper airway volume and hyoid muscle length.
AB  - Previous studies have suggested that the geniohyoid and sternohyoid muscles act
      to enlarge the upper airway. If correct, there should be an inverse relation
      between upper airway volume and the length of hyoid muscles. To test this, known
      volumes of air were injected into or removed from the isolated sealed upper
      airway of eight pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized cats, and the resultant changes
      in geniohyoid and sternohyoid length were measured using sonomicrometry.
      Increases in upper airway volume shortened the geniohyoid in all cats (P less
      than 0.001) and shortened the sternohyoid in seven of eight cats (P less than
      0.01); mean geniohyoid shortening (as a % of resting length) exceeded that of the
      sternohyoid. Decreases in upper airway volume lengthened the geniohyoid in all
      cats (P less than 0.001) but caused variable changes in sternohyoid length.
      Extension of the neck increased the resting lengths of both the geniohyoid (P
      less than 0.001) and sternohyoid (P less than 0.002). Neck flexion shortened the
      resting length of both hyoid muscles (P less than 0.001 for both), with the
      geniohyoid shortening more (as a % of resting length) than the sternohyoid (P
      less than 0.005). Progressive flexion of the neck from 180 to 90 degrees caused
      progressive increases in the ratio of changes in muscle length to changes in
      upper airway volume during airway inflation but did not affect this relation
      during airway deflation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3693177
TI  - Effects of hemoglobin and cell membrane lipids on pulmonary surfactant activity.
AB  - These experiments characterize the effects of hemoglobin and erythrocyte membrane
      lipids on the dynamic surface activity and adsorption facility of whole lung
      surfactant (LS) and a calf lung surfactant extract (CLSE) used clinically in
      surfactant replacement therapy for the neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
      (RDS). The results show that, at concentrations from 25 to 200 mg/ml, hemoglobin
      (Hb) increased the minimum dynamic surface tension of LS or CLSE mixtures (0.5
      and 1.0 mumol/ml) from less than 1 to 25 dyn/cm on an oscillating bubble
      apparatus at 37 degrees C. Similarly, erythrocyte membrane lipids (0.5-3
      mumol/ml) also prevented LS and CLSE suspensions (0.5-2.0 mumol/ml) from lowering
      surface tension below 19 dyn/cm under dynamic compression on the bubble. Surface
      pressure-time adsorption isotherms for LS suspensions (0.084 and 0.168 mumol
      phospholipid/ml) were also adversely affected by Hb (0.3-2.5 mg/ml), having a
      slower adsorption rate and magnitude. Significantly, these inhibitory effects of
      Hb and membrane lipids could be abolished if LS and CLSE concentrations were
      raised to high levels. In complementary physiological experiments, instillation
      of Hb, membrane lipids, or albumin into excised rat lungs was shown to cause a
      decrease in pressure-volume compliance. This decreased compliance was most
      prominent in lungs made partially surfactant deficient before inhibitor delivery
      and could be reversed by supplementation with active exogenous surfactant. Taken
      together, these data show that molecular components in hemorrhagic pulmonary
      edema can biophysically inactivate endogenous LS and adversely affect lung
      mechanics. Moreover, exogenous surfactant replacement can reverse this process
      even in the continued presence of inhibitor molecules and thus has potential
      utility in therapy for adult as well as neonatal RDS.

PMID- 3693179
TI  - Muscle blood flow and fiber activity in partially curarized rats during exercise.
AB  - We previously reported that low doses of d-tubocurarine attenuated glycogen loss
      in red muscles of rats during treadmill walking but that the initial hyperemia in
      the muscles was normal. The present studies were performed to 1) determine with
      electromyography (EMG) whether red muscle fiber activity is reduced in walking,
      curarized rats and 2) study muscle blood flow and glycogen loss during running
      with different doses of curare (dose response). At 0.5 min of treadmill walking
      (15 m/min), integrated EMG in vastus intermedius (VI) muscle was reduced by an
      average of 18% in curarized (60 micrograms/kg) rats, although blood flow
      (measured with microspheres) was the same as in saline control rats. Comparison
      of blood flows and glycogen loss in quadriceps muscles at 1 min of treadmill
      running (30 m/min) with different curare doses (20-60 micrograms/kg) demonstrated
      that red muscle glycogen loss was inversely related to curare dose but that blood
      flows in the same muscles were unaffected by curare. These findings provide
      support for our previous conclusion that at the initiation of low to moderate
      treadmill exercise, red muscle blood flow is not proportional to the activity or
      metabolism of the muscle fibers.

PMID- 3693180
TI  - Muscle and blood ammonia and lactate responses to prolonged exercise with
      hyperoxia.
AB  - Investigations using nonsteady-state and fatiguing exercise protocols have
      demonstrated a strong relationship between ammonia and lactate metabolism and
      have suggested a cause and effect relationship between these two variables. We
      investigated the lactate-ammonia response using prolonged exercise and
      inspiration of hyperoxic gas (60% O2-40% N2). The exercise consisted of either 70
      75% maximal O2 uptake (VO2 max) for 40 min (series 1, n = 6) or 75-80% VO2max for
      30 min (series 2, n = 6) with the subjects inspiring room air on one occasion and
      hyperoxia in the other test. In both series blood ammonia rose continuously
      throughout the exercise regardless of the inspired gas treatment; in contrast
      blood lactate did not increase after 10 min with room air, and with hyperoxia
      blood lactate was reduced. Muscle lactate and ammonia (series 2; vastus
      lateralis) had responses similar to the blood data. The data demonstrated no
      apparent lactate-ammonia relationship with prolonged exercise or in response to
      hyperoxia, suggesting that ammonia production can be independent of lactate
      metabolism. The data also suggest that type I fibers can be a major source of
      ammonia in humans.

PMID- 3693182
TI  - Effect of mouthpiece, noseclips, and head position on airway area measured by
      acoustic reflections.
AB  - To investigate whether it is possible to simplify the methodology of measuring
      airway area by acoustic reflections, we measured upper airway area in 10 healthy
      subjects during tidal breathing according to seven different protocols. Three
      protocols employed custom-made bulky mouthpiece with or without nose-clips, two
      protocols used a scuba-diving mouthpiece and cotton balls placed in the nostrils
      instead of noseclips, and two protocols employed neck flexion and extension. We
      found no significant difference in average pharyngeal, glottic, and tracheal
      areas for any of the protocols except for neck flexion, which was associated with
      a significantly lower mean pharyngeal area. Intraindividual variabilities were
      comparable for all protocols, except for protocol employing the customary bulky
      mouthpiece and no noseclips, which consistently resulted in the most variable
      measurements of area for all three airway segments: pharynx, glottis, and
      trachea. Furthermore, we found that the protocol employing the scuba-diving
      mouthpiece with or without cotton balls in the nostrils resulted in the lowest
      number of unacceptable measurements. We conclude that measurements of airway area
      by acoustic reflections may be further simplified by using a scuba-diving
      mouthpiece without noseclips; furthermore, control of head position during
      measurements is not critical provided there is no obvious neck flexion.

PMID- 3693181
TI  - Fetal breathing, sleep state, and cardiovascular responses to graded anemia in
      sheep.
AB  - Graded anemia was produced for 2 h in 10 unanesthetized fetal sheep by infusing
      plasma in exchange for fetal blood. This reduced the mean fetal hematocrits
      during the 1st h of anemia to 19.7 +/- 0.5% [control (C) = 28.2 +/- 1.1%] for
      mild anemia, 17.4 +/- 0.9% (C = 30.0 +/- 1.1%) for moderate anemia, and 15.1 +/-
      1.0% (C = 29.2 +/- 1.3%) for severe anemia. The respective mean arterial O2
      contents (CaO2) were 4.46 +/- 0.20, 3.89 +/- 0.24, and 3.22 +/- 0.19 ml/dl. Mean
      arterial PO2 was reduced significantly (by 2 Torr) only during moderate anemia,
      and mean arterial pH was decreased only during severe anemia. No significant
      changes occurred in arterial PCO2. Fetal tachycardia occurred during anemia. Mean
      arterial pressure was reduced by 2-3 mmHg during mild anemia; however, no
      significant blood pressure changes were observed for moderate or severe anemia.
      The incidence of rapid-eye movements and breathing activity was not affected by
      mild anemia, but the incidence of both was reduced significantly during moderate
      and severe anemia. It is concluded that 1) a reduction in CaO2 of greater than
      2.48 +/- 0.22 ml/dl by hemodilution inhibits rapid-eye movements and breathing
      activity, and 2) the PO2 signal for inhibition does not come from arterial blood
      but from lower PO2 in tissue.

PMID- 3693183
TI  - Effect of prior exercise on maximal short-term power output in humans.
AB  - The effect of prior exercise (PE) on subsequent maximal short-term power output
      (STPO) was examined during cycling exercise on an isokinetic ergometer. In the
      first series of experiments the duration of PE at a power output equivalent to
      98% maximum O2 uptake (VO2max) was varied between 0.5 and 6 min before
      measurement of maximal STPO. As PE duration increased subsequent STPO fell to
      approximately 70% of control values after 3-6 min. In series ii the effect of
      varying the intensity of PE of fixed 6-min duration was studied in five subjects.
      After PE less than 60% VO2max there was an increase of 12% in STPO, but after
      greater than 60% VO2max there was a progressive fall in STPO as PE intensity
      increased, indicating a reduction of approximately 35% at 100% VO2max compared
      with control values. In series iii we examined the effect on STPO of allowing a
      recovery period after a fixed intensity (mean = 87% VO2max) of 6 min PE before
      measurement of STPO. This indicated a rapid recovery of dynamic function with a
      half time of approximately 32 s, which is similar to the kinetics of PC
      resynthesis and taken with the other findings suggests the dominant role that PC
      exerts on the STPO under these conditions.

PMID- 3693184
TI  - Myocardial capillarity and maximal capillary diffusion capacity in exercise
      trained dogs.
AB  - Our purpose was to determine whether changes in myocardial capillarity underlie
      the exercise training-induced increases in coronary transport capacity previously
      observed in dogs (J. Appl. Physiol. 58: 468-476, 1985). The approach was to
      measure capillary diffusion capacity (PS) in working hearts and then measure
      capillary numerical density (CD), capillary surface area density (CSA), and
      capillary volume density (CV) in specimens from perfused-fixed hearts. Eight dogs
      (20-30 kg) were exercise trained (ET) for 12-18 wk and compared with a group of
      seven control dogs. PS for 51Cr-labeled ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid was
      determined during maximal adenosine coronary vasodilation with perfusion
      pressures equal to 100 mmHg in both groups. The trained dogs' maximal PS averaged
      58 +/- 10 ml.min-1.100 g-1, which was significantly greater than the control
      value (31 +/- 6). Maximal PS was linearly related to CV (r = 0.61) and CSA (r =
      0.78) in the ET group. However, there was no difference between control and
      trained average left ventricular CD, CSA, CV, or intercapillary distance. The
      data indicate that although coronary blood flow capacity and capillary transport
      capacity may be improved in exercise-trained dog hearts, these changes are not
      the result of an increase in myocardial capillarity. Rather, the increased
      maximal PS appears to be due to changes in the determinants of capillary blood
      flow and/or the relationship between capillary area available for exchange and
      capillary perfusion.

PMID- 3693185
TI  - Pathological supply dependence of O2 uptake during bacteremia in dogs.
AB  - When systemic delivery of O2 [QO2 = cardiac output X arterial O2 content (CaO2)]
      is reduced, the systemic O2 extraction ratio [(CaO2-concentration of O2 in venous
      blood/CaO2] increases until a critical limit is reached below which O2 uptake
      (VO2) becomes limited by delivery. Many patients with adult respiratory distress
      syndrome exhibit supply dependence of VO2 even at high levels of QO2, which
      suggests that a peripheral O2 extraction defect may be present. Since many of
      these patients also suffer from serious bacterial infection, we tested the
      hypothesis that bacteremia might produce a similar defect in the ability of
      tissues to maintain VO2 independent of QO2, as QO2 reduced. The critical O2
      delivery (QO2crit) and critical extraction ratio (ERcrit) were compared in a
      control group of dogs and a group receiving a continuous infusion of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa (5 x 10(7) organisms/min). Dogs were anesthetized, paralyzed, and
      ventilated with room air. Systemic QO2 was reduced in stages by hemorrhage as
      hematocrit was maintained. At each stage, systemic VO2 and QO2 were measured, and
      the critical point was determined from a plot of VO2 vs. QO2. The mean QO2crit
      and ERcrit of the bacteremic group (11.4 +/- 2.2 ml.min-1.kg-1 and 0.51 +/- 0.09)
      were significantly different from control (7.4 +/- 1.2 and 0.71 +/- 0.10) (P less
      than 0.05). These results suggest that bacterial infection can reduce the ability
      of peripheral tissues to extract O2 from a limited supply, causing VO2 to become
      limited by O2 delivery at a stage when a smaller fraction of the delivered O2 has
      been extracted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3693186
TI  - Effects of acute hyperinflation on chest wall mechanics in dogs.
AB  - We studied chest wall mechanics at functional residual capacity (FRC) and near
      total lung capacity (TLC) in 14 supine anesthetized and vagotomized dogs. During
      breathing near TLC compared with FRC, tidal volume decreased (674 +/- 542 vs. 68
      +/- 83 ml; P less than 0.025). Both inspiratory changes in gastric pressure (4.5
      +/- 2.5 vs. -0.2 +/- 2.0 cmH2O; P less than 0.005) and changes in abdominal cross
      sectional area (25 +/- 17 vs. -1.0 +/- 4.2%; P less than 0.001) markedly
      decreased; they were both often negative during inspiration near TLC. Parasternal
      intercostal shortening decreased (-3.0 +/- 3.7 vs. -2.0 +/- 2.7%), whereas
      diaphragmatic shortening decreased slightly more in both costal and crural parts
      (costal -8.4 +/- 2.9 vs. -4.3 +/- 4.1%, crural -22.8 +/- 13.2 vs. -10.0 +/- 7.5%;
      P less than 0.05). As a result, the ratio of parasternal to diaphragm shortening
      increased near TLC (0.176 +/- 0.135 vs. 0.396 +/- 0.340; P less than 0.05).
      Electromyographic (EMG) activity in the parasternals slightly decreased near TLC,
      whereas the EMG activity in the costal and crural parts of the diaphragm slightly
      increased. We conclude that 1) the mechanical outcome of diaphragmatic
      contraction near TLC is markedly reduced, and 2) the mechanical outcome of
      parasternal intercostal contraction near TLC is clearly less affected.

PMID- 3693187
TI  - Electrically evoked isokinetic plantar flexor torque in males.
AB  - The involuntary angle-specific isokinetic plantar flexor torques of seven male
      subjects aged 18-21 yr were measured using a Cybex II dynamometer (Lumex)
      modified by the addition of a strain-gauge load cell to improve the dynamic
      response of the instrument. Supramaximal electrical stimuli were used to evoke a
      maximal tetanic response from the triceps surae and ensure constant muscle
      activation at each angular velocity studied. Angle-specific torques were measured
      over a range (0.5-5.0 rad/s) of preset velocities, torque decreasing in a
      nonlinear manner with increasing angular velocity. The torque-velocity data was
      adequately described by an exponential equation of the form: V = a(e-1/b - e
      Po/b) where V = velocity (rad/s), P = torque (N.m), Po = isometric torque (N.m),
      and a and b are constants. The mean intrasubject coefficient of variation of
      torque over the range of velocities studies was 7.9 +/- 1.88% (SD).

PMID- 3693188
TI  - Initiating regular exercise protects against muscle atrophy from glucocorticoids.
AB  - This study was undertaken to examine whether exercise can prevent glucocorticoid
      induced muscle atrophy in previously untrained individuals and to evaluate
      whether the time of hormone administration is a determinant in the muscle's
      response to glucocorticoids. Female rats were divided into five groups: 1) a
      sedentary group that received cortisol acetate (CA, 100 mg/kg body wt); 2) a
      sedentary group that received the dosing vehicle (1% aqueous carboxymethyl
      cellulose); 3) an exercise group that received CA immediately after each exercise
      session; 4) an exercise group that received CA 90 min after each exercise
      session; and 5) an exercise group that received the vehicle. Steroid treatment
      and exercise (28.7 m/min for 90 min/day) were performed for 11 consecutive days.
      Initiation of training prevented muscle mass loss by 60% in plantaris (P) muscles
      and by 25% in gastrocnemius (G) muscles. Time of steroid injection was not
      related to the muscle sparing response. In the glucocorticoid-treated exercised
      rats, the activities of citrate synthase, a training marker, increased 60% in P
      and 37% in G. Thus the exercise appeared to cause a greater recruitment of P
      muscles. These data support the hypothesis that entering into an exercise program
      can be effective in retarding glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy. The degree
      of atrophy prevention, however, may be related to the extent that specific
      muscles are recruited during exercise.

PMID- 3693189
TI  - Force-velocity properties of fatigue-resistant units in cat fast-twitch muscle
      after fatigue.
AB  - The isometric and force-velocity properties of an identified and uniform
      population of fast-twitch, fatigue-resistant (FR) fibers within the flexor
      digitorum longus (FDL) muscle were investigated before, immediately after, and
      during recovery from a fatiguing repetitive isometric stimulus regime (40 Hz for
      330 ms every s for 180 s) in the anesthetized cat. It was necessary to determine
      the smallest fraction of muscle that had the same force-velocity properties as
      the whole muscle. This was approximately 15% for FDL; if the fraction was less,
      the maximum speed of shortening was depressed and the a/Po value increased. Motor
      units were enlarged by partial denervation of the muscle, causing the intact
      motoneurons to sprout and incorporate more muscle fibers; FR units showed the
      greatest increase. Immediately after the fatigue regime, maximum isometric
      tetanic tension declined to 67% but subsequently recovered to 90% of the control
      value by the end of the 60-min recovery period. Maximum speed of shortening
      dropped to 71% of the control but after 30 min had recovered and did not differ
      significantly from control values. It is concluded that the capacity for recovery
      from fatigue is greater for FR units than for a whole muscle, which also contains
      fast-fatiguable units, and that the mechanisms involved in the recovery of the
      maximum isometric tension and maximum speed of shortening are independently
      regulated.

PMID- 3693190
TI  - Ventilatory threshold: measurement and variation with age.
AB  - The purpose of this study is to present measurement of ventilatory threshold
      (VeT) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) in a large group of predominantly older
      subjects using a bicycle ergometer and an automated measuring system. One hundred
      and twenty-seven healthy elderly subjects (mean age: 68) and 44 young and middle
      aged subjects (mean age: 39) underwent a maximal exercise test with breath-by
      breath measurement of ventilation and gas exchange variables. Ventilatory
      threshold was determined by visual inspection of the breakpoints in the VE/VO2
      and PETO2 data curves. Additional measures were made in a subset of subjects to
      determine the reproducibility and interobserver variability of VeT and the
      relationship between VeT and the venous lactate threshold (LaT). Day-to-day
      reproducibility of VeT was good with a mean difference in VO2 at VeT on two
      occasions of 40.23 +/- 125 ml/min. Interobserver variability was low (intraclass
      correlation coefficient of r = 0.941) and VeT was found to correlate to LaT (r =
      0.79, P less than 0.05) with LaT occurring a mean 2.3 min after VeT. VeT declined
      significantly with age in both males and females but less rapidly than VO2max.
      Both VO2max and VeT were found to vary with age, sex, height, and weight in a
      stepwise multiple-linear regression analysis. Age-associated changes in skeletal
      muscle composition may be in part responsible for the less precipitous decline in
      VeT with age compared with VO2max.

PMID- 3693191
TI  - Mediation of reduced ventilatory response to exercise after endurance training.
AB  - To investigate the mechanism by which ventilatory (VE) demand is modulated by
      endurance training, 10 normal subjects performed cycle ergometer exercise of 15
      min duration at each of four constant work rates. These work rates represented
      90% of the anaerobic threshold (AT) work rate and 25, 50, and 75% of the
      difference between maximum O2 consumption and AT work rates for that subject (as
      determined from previous incremental exercise tests). Subjects then underwent 8
      wk of strenuous cycle ergometer exercise for 45 min/day. They then repeated the
      four constant work rate tests at work rates identical to those used before
      training. During tests before and after training, VE and gas exchange were
      measured breath by breath and rectal temperature (Tre) was measured continuously.
      A venous blood sample was drawn at the end of each test and assayed for lactate
      (La), epinephrine (EPI), and norepinephrine (NE). We found that the VE for below
      AT work was reduced minimally by training (averaging 3 l/min). For the above AT
      tests, however, training reduced VE markedly, by an average of 7, 23, and 37
      l/min for progressively higher work rates. End-exercise La, NE, EPI, and Tre were
      all lower for identical work rates after training. Importantly, the magnitude of
      the reduction in VE was well correlated with the reduction in end-exercise La (r
      = 0.69) with an average decrease of 5.8 l/min of VE per milliequivalent per liter
      decrease in La. Correlations of VE with NE, EPI, and Tre were much less strong (r
      = 0.49, 0.43, and 0.15, respectively).

PMID- 3693192
TI  - Extrathoracic airway stability during resistive loading in preterm infants.
AB  - Extrathoracic airway (ETA) stability was tested in 10 preterm infants during
      sleep with a drop in intraluminal pressure produced by the application of an
      external inspiratory flow-resistive load (IRL, 125 cmH2O.1-1.s at 1 l/min). An
      increase in total pulmonary resistance was sought as the measure of airway
      narrowing. The role of the ETA in the increased pulmonary resistance with loading
      was examined by testing the same infants while endotracheally intubated and after
      extubation. Total pulmonary resistance decreased with loading during the
      intubated studies (102.5 +/- 41.2 to 82.4 +/- 33.3 cmH2O.1-1.s, P less than
      0.05), whereas a significant increase in pulmonary resistance was seen with
      loading in the extubated studies (101 +/- 58.1 to 128 +/- 68.6 cmH2O.1-1.s, P
      less than 0.01). Intraluminal pressure in the ETA, measured by the lowest
      proximal airway pressure, fell significantly with loading in both conditions,
      with values changing from -0.7 +/- 0.3 to -4.7 +/- 2.7 cmH2O in the intubated
      infants and from -0.9 +/- 0.3 to -4.6 +/- 0.9 cmH2O) in the extubated infants (P
      less than 0.01). The results suggest ETA narrowing with loading in extubated
      infants despite the absence of overt obstructive apnea. Measurements of total
      pulmonary resistance with IRL can be used as a simple test of ETA stability.

PMID- 3693193
TI  - Extrapolation of thermodilution curves obtained during a pause in artificial
      ventilation.
AB  - The feasibility of three mathematical models to extrapolate the tail of
      thermodilution curves, when flectures are present in the descending limb, was
      tested in anesthetized pigs. The models were a local random walk model (LDRW), a
      log-normal distribution, and a two-compartment model. First, the accuracy of the
      extrapolation of the tail by each model was tested on two undisturbed curves by
      taking the truncation at five different points on the descending limb. The
      extrapolated curve area obtained from each model was compared with total area of
      the undisturbed curve. Next, dilution curves obtained during inspiratory hold
      maneuvers and characterized by deflection points were analyzed, taking the
      truncation just before deflection. The estimates of cardiac output by the models
      were compared with electromagnetically measured flow in the pulmonary artery. The
      area of the dilution curve was estimated more accurately when more information on
      the descending limb was available. The LDRW model and the log-normal distribution
      were superior to the two-compartment model regarding accuracy of cardiac output
      estimation and root-mean-square errors of the fit. Both models estimated curve
      area with an error less than 5% when truncation of the descending limb occurred
      below 60% of the peak value. In circumstances of mechanical ventilation, where
      only short periods of constant flow will be present, analyses of dilution curves
      based on the LDRW model or the log-normal distribution are recommended.

PMID- 3693194
TI  - Tachyphylaxis to inhaled histamine in asthmatic subjects.
AB  - The bronchoconstriction induced by repeated histamine inhalation tests was
      studied in eight mild stable asthmatic subjects to determine whether histamine
      tachyphylaxis occurs in asthmatics. We also studied the specificity of histamine
      tachyphylaxis by examining for tachyphylaxis in response to inhaled acetylcholine
      in these subjects. We subsequently investigated whether indomethacin pretreatment
      inhibited histamine tachyphylaxis. Tachyphylaxis in response to inhaled histamine
      occurred in all subjects. The mean histamine provocative concentration causing a
      20% fall in the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (PC20) increased from 3.04 +/-
      1.9 (%SD), to 4.88 +/- 1.9, and to 6.53 +/- 2.2 mg/ml (P less than 0.0005) with
      successive inhalation tests. Tachyphylaxis was still present at 3 h (P less than
      0.01), but not in all subjects at 6 h (P greater than 0.05). Tachyphylaxis,
      however, did not occur in response to inhaled acetylcholine. In addition,
      indomethacin pretreatment prevented histamine tachyphylaxis. Thus this study
      demonstrates that there is a histamine-specific mechanism that can partially
      protect the airways against repeated bronchoconstriction caused by histamine.
      This effect may occur through the release of inhibitory prostaglandins in the
      airway after histamine stimulation. Also when histamine inhalation tests are
      repeated on the same day, the tests should be separated by greater than 6 h to
      avoid tachyphylaxis.

PMID- 3693195
TI  - Estimate of mean tissue O2 consumption at onset of exercise in males.
AB  - A mathematical model has been developed that permitted the calculation of the
      flow-weighted mean tissue O2 consumption (VO2T) at the onset of a step increase
      in work rate. From breath-by-breath measurements of alveolar O2 consumption
      (VO2A) and cardiac output (Q) by impedance cardiography and assumptions about the
      site of depletion of O2 stores, the rate of change in O2 stores (VO2s) was
      determined. The sum of VO2A + VO2s = VO2T. Six very fit males performed six
      repetitions of each of two step increases in work rate. STlo was a transition
      from rest to 100-W cycling; SThi was a transition from 100- to 200-W cycling. For
      each work rate transition, the responses of VO2A and Q were averaged over the six
      repetitions of each subject and the model was solved to yield VO2T. The responses
      of VO2A, VO2T, and Q after the increase in work rate were fit with a
      monoexponential function. This function included a time constant and time delay,
      the sum of which gave the mean response time (MRT). In the STlo test, the MRT of
      VO2A (24.9 +/- 1.1 s, mean +/- SE) was longer than that of VO2T (15.3 +/- 1.3 s)
      and of Q (16.5 +/- 6.5 s) (P less than 0.05). The MRT of VO2T and Q did not
      differ significantly. Also for SThi, the MRT of VO2A (34.4 +/- 3.3 s) was
      significantly longer than that of VO2T (30.0 +/- 3.4 s) (P less than 0.05). The
      MRT of VO2T and Q (30.3 +/- 5.5 s) were not significantly different at this work
      rate either.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3693196
TI  - Chloride flux from blood to CSF: inhibition by furosemide and bumetanide.
AB  - Movement of chloride from blood to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is one of the
      factors that may be involved in regulation of CSF [Cl-], which is important to
      CSF acid-base balance. We made quantitative measurements of the unidirectional
      flux of radiolabeled chloride between blood and CSF in anesthetized dogs, using
      38Cl, a short-lived isotope (half-life 37.3 min). This allowed multiple studies
      to be performed in a given animal. A three-compartment model for the blood, CSF,
      brain extracellular fluid, and ventriculocisternal perfusion system was used to
      determine the flux rate. With normocapnia, the flux was 0.01.1 min-1. The influx
      could be reproducibly measured for three separate determinations in the same
      animal over a period of 6 h, being 98 +/- 6% of the control first run on the
      second run and 113 +/- 6% on the third. Furosemide and bumetanide, inhibitors of
      sodium-coupled chloride movement, lowered the flux to 43 +/- 3% and 55 +/- 6% of
      control, respectively. The combination of hypercapnia and furosemide lowered the
      influx to 63 +/- 9% of control. These results indicate that a major mechanism of
      chloride entry into CSF is sodium-coupled chloride transport.

PMID- 3693197
TI  - Vagally and acetylcholine-mediated constriction in small pulmonary vessels of
      rabbits.
AB  - Using a new X-ray TV system, we analyzed effects of vagal nerve stimulation (VNS;
      1-30 Hz) and intravenous injection of acetylcholine (Ach; 0.3-0.9 microgram) on
      the internal diameter (ID; 100-1,500 microns) of small pulmonary arteries and
      veins in anesthetized rabbits. In selective segments of the arteries, ID
      decreased abruptly and maximally by 50-70% in a specific stimulus frequency to
      the vagal nerve and a dose of ACh. The vasoconstrictor sites were distributed
      near the branching points of the arteries, particularly those downstream, and
      their numbers increased with an increase in the stimulus frequencies and ACh
      doses. The relative frequencies of occurrences were 15.3% with VNS (30 Hz) and
      5.3% with ACh (0.9 microgram). In nonselective segments with VNS, ID decreased
      frequency dependently by 0, 4, 12, and 26% at 1, 4, 15, and 30 Hz, respectively,
      and with ACh, decreased dose dependently by 21 and 35% with 0.3 and 0.9
      microgram, respectively. The vasoconstriction in response to VNS and ACh was
      attenuated by atropine, enhanced by eserine, and not affected by phentolamine.
      That vasoconstriction to VNS was abolished by hexamethonium. No selective
      constriction was found in veins and the ID was decreased uniformly by 1-2% with
      VNS and ACh.

PMID- 3693198
TI  - Corticosteroids and surfactant increase lung volumes and decrease rupture
      pressures of preterm rabbit lungs.
AB  - We measured the effects of corticosteroids and surfactant individually and in
      combination on lung pressure-volume relationships, rupture pressures, and rupture
      volumes. Pregnant does were injected with betamethasone (0.1 mg/kg per day im) or
      vehicle on days 24 and 25 of gestation, and fetal rabbits were delivered on days
      26 and 27. Natural surfactant (50 mg/kg body wt) was instilled intratracheally
      into half of the lungs after tracheotomy. After nine cycles of inflation with air
      to 40 cmH2O and deflation, air pressure-volume curves were measured. Then the
      lungs were filled with air to rupture, and rupture volume and pressure were
      recorded. Both corticosteroids and surfactant caused an increase in maximal lung
      volumes (P less than 0.01) and a decrease of lung rupture pressures (P less than
      0.01) compared with controls. The effects of corticosteroids plus surfactant on
      lung volumes were the sum of each effect individually, but rupture pressures were
      the same as those for corticosteroids or surfactant alone. Surfactant, in
      addition, caused an increase in lung stability at deflation, an effect that was
      not evident in the corticosteroid-treated groups. Measurements of saturated
      phosphatidylcholine in alveolar washes and lung tissue indicated comparable
      values in the corticosteroid and control groups. We conclude that changes in
      static properties and rupture pressures presumably reflect changes in lung
      structure caused by corticosteroids that are independent of a corticosteroid
      effect on surfactant pool sizes.

PMID- 3693200
TI  - Changes in end-expiratory lung volume during sleep in patients with occlusive
      apnea.
AB  - Eight patients with occlusive sleep apnea were monitored during non-rapid-eye
      movement (NREM) sleep to study the factors that contribute to negative
      inspiratory pressure generation and thus upper airway occlusion. End-expiratory
      lung volume assessed by respiratory inductive plethysmography [sum of end
      expiratory levels (SUM EEL)] increased early and decreased late during the
      ventilatory phases (P less than 0.0001, one-way analysis of variance).
      Inspiratory change in esophageal pressure (Pes) and peak inspiratory
      diaphragmatic and genioglossal electromyograms (EMGdi and EMGge) decreased while
      the inspiratory pressure generated for a given diaphragmatic activity (Pes/EMGdi)
      increased during the preapneic phase (P less than 0.0001, for all). Multiple
      regression analysis with Pes/EMGdi as the dependent variable (R2 = 0.90)
      indicated that both the changes in SUM EEL and EMGge significantly contributed to
      the model (P less than 0.008 and 0.004, respectively). These results indicate
      that end-expiratory lung volume fluctuates during NREM sleep in patients with
      occlusive apnea and suggest that these changes along with the changes in upper
      airway muscle activity contribute to the generation of negative inspiratory
      pressure, leading to the passive collapse of the upper airways.

PMID- 3693199
TI  - Costal and crural diaphragm in early inspiration: free breathing and occlusion.
AB  - Changes in length of costal and crural segments of the canine diaphragm were
      measured by sonomicrometry within the first 100-300 ms of inspiration during CO2
      rebreathing in anesthetized animals. Both segments showed small but significant
      decreases in end-expiratory length during progressive hypercapnia. Although both
      costal and crural segments showed electromyographic activity within the first 100
      ms of inspiration, in early inspiration crural shortening predominated with
      minimal costal shortening. Neither segment contracted isometrically early in
      inspiration in the presence of airway occlusion. The amount of crural shortening
      during airway occlusion exceeded costal shortening; both segments showed
      increased shortening with prolonged occlusion and increasing CO2. Costal and
      crural shortening at 100 ms was not different for unoccluded and occluded states.
      These observations suggest that neural control patterns evoke discrete and
      unequal contributions from the diaphragmatic segments at the beginning of an
      inspiration; the crural segment may be predominately recruited in early
      inspiration. Despite traditional assumptions about occlusion pressure measurement
      (P0.1), diaphragm segments do not contract isometrically during early inspiratory
      effort against an occluded airway.

PMID- 3693201
TI  - Heterogeneous lung emptying during forced expiration.
AB  - Several lines of evidence suggest that the healthy mammalian lung empties
      homogeneously during a maximally forced deflation. Nonetheless, such behavior
      would appear to be implausible if for no other reason than that airway structure
      is known to be substantially heterogeneous among parallel pathways of gas
      conduction. To resolve this paradox we reexamined the degree to which lung
      emptying is homogeneous, and considered mechanisms that might control
      differential regional emptying. Twelve excised canine lungs were studied.
      Regional alveolar pressure relative to pleural pressure was used as an index of
      regional lung volume. By use of a capsule technique, alveolar pressure was
      measured simultaneously in each of six regions during flow-limited deflations;
      flow from the lung was measured plethysmographically. The standard deviation of
      interregional pressure differences, which was taken as an index of nonuniformity,
      was 0.0, 0.74, 0.64, and 0.90 cmH2O at mean recoil pressures of 30, 8.4, 4.5, and
      2.1 cmH2O (0, 25, 50, and 75% expired vital capacity), indicating that
      interregional pressure differences increased more rapidly earlier in the
      deflation. When we examined the time rate of change of regional alveolar pressure
      as an index of regional flow, we observed an intricate pattern of differential
      regional behavior that was inapparent in the maximum expiratory flow-volume
      (MEFV) curve. The most plausible interpretation of these findings is that regions
      of the healthy excised canine lung empty heterogeneously to a small degree, but
      in an interdependent compensatory pattern that is inapparent in the configuration
      of the maximum expiratory flow-volume curve.

PMID- 3693202
TI  - Biphasic ventilatory response of adult cats to sustained hypoxia has central
      origin.
AB  - Hypoxia stimulates ventilation, but when it is sustained, a decrease in the
      response is often seen. The mechanism of this depression or "roll off" is
      unclear. In this study we attempted to localize the responsible mechanism at one
      of three possible sites: the carotid bodies, the central nervous system (CNS), or
      the ventilatory apparatus. The ventilatory response to sustained hypoxia (PETO2,
      40-50 Torr) was tested in 5 awake and 14 anesthetized adult cats. The roll off
      was found in both anesthetized and awake cats. Isocapnic hypoxia initially
      increased ventilation as well as phrenic and carotid sinus nerve activity in
      anesthetized cats (288 +/- 31, 269 +/- 31, 273 +/- 29% of control value,
      respectively). During the roll off, ventilation and phrenic nerve activity
      decreased similarly (to 230 +/- 26 and 222 +/- 28%, respectively after the roll
      off), but in contrast carotid sinus nerve activity remained unchanged (270 +/-
      26%). Thus the ventilatory roll off was reflected in phrenic but not in carotid
      sinus nerve activity. We conclude that the cat represents a useful animal model
      of the roll off phenomenon and that the mechanism responsible for the secondary
      decrease in ventilation lays within the CNS.

PMID- 3693203
TI  - Respiratory influence of peripheral chemoreceptor stimulation in maturing
      rabbits.
AB  - To evaluate whether the influence of peripheral chemoreceptor (PCR) stimulation
      is centrally modulated by hypoxia, the respiratory effects of sodium cyanide
      (NaCN) infusion were compared during room air and 10% O2 inhalation in 18 lightly
      anesthetized, tracheotomized rabbits of varying postnatal age (1-33 days). During
      normoxia, noncumulative infusions of NaCN (5-400 micrograms/kg body wt) produced
      dose-dependent ventilatory (VE) stimulation. Maximal VE stimulation (VEmax) and
      ventilatory sensitivity to NaCN [i.e., log dose producing 50% of VEmax (log
      ED50)] did not significantly vary with age, with the average VEmax and log ED50
      values amounting to 238% above base line and 1.564 micrograms/kg, respectively.
      During hypoxia, after initial stimulation (average: 152%), VE progressively
      decreased and stabilized to 67% above the normoxic base-line level. In contrast
      to normoxia, subsequent NaCN administration during steady-state hypoxia produced
      dose-dependent VE depression, occasionally manifested by abrupt apnea. The NaCN
      effect during hypoxia was significantly related to age (P less than 0.05), as
      well as to the estimated change in CO2 production during hypoxia (P less than
      0.01). Both the respiratory depressant effects of hypoxia alone and in
      combination with NaCN were abolished after denervation of the peripheral
      chemoreceptors. These findings demonstrate that while PCR stimulation during
      normoxia produces ventilatory stimulation, the influence of enhanced PCR input
      during hypoxia is centrally modulated to produce ventilatory depression.

PMID- 3693204
TI  - Heat and water flux in the intrathoracic airways and exercise-induced asthma.
AB  - To explore the relationship between the flux of heat and water within the
      respiratory tract during exercise and recovery to the development of exercise
      induced asthma (EIA), we recorded airstream temperature at multiple points
      throughout the tracheobronchial tree in 10 normal and 10 asthmatic subjects
      before, during, and after cycle ergometry. In both groups, the intra-airway
      temperature fell progressively as ventilation increased, and there were no
      significant differences between the thermal profiles of the two populations at
      rest or during exercise. Calculation of water losses and the osmolality of the
      airway surface fluid failed to demonstrate significant airway drying in either
      group. With cessation of the work load, the airstream temperature increased
      abruptly, rising two times more rapidly in the asthmatics than the normals. Since
      the major source of heat in these experiments is the bronchial circulation, our
      findings suggest a reaction sequence consisting of vasoconstriction and airway
      cooling during exercise followed by a rapid resupply of heat when exercise
      ceases. The latter may cause the hyperplastic capillary bed in the airways of
      asthmatics to develop an exaggerated rebound hyperemia which may lead to airway
      edema and EIA.

PMID- 3693205
TI  - Temperature affects lung fluid and recoil during high tidal ventilation at low
      resting volume.
AB  - Effects of tidal volume (VT), end-expiratory pressure (EEP), and environmental
      temperature (Tenv) on elastic recoil force (Pel) and edema formation were
      examined in open-chest anesthetized rabbits. Sixty-two rabbits in four groups
      were ventilated for 3 h with VT of either 10 or 25 ml/kg body wt, EEP of 0 or 2
      cmH2O, and Tenv of 18 or 35 degrees C. After ventilation, Pel at 80% of total
      lung capacity (P80) was significantly increased when ventilation was performed
      with the combination of large VT, 0 EEP, and low Tenv. This change was prevented
      by altering any one of the three conditions, e.g., small VT, positive EEP, or
      high Tenv. Similarly, elevation of minimum surface tension and reduction of
      surface activity index of lavages from excised lungs after ventilation were
      observed only when increased P80 was noted. Additionally, the increase of P80 was
      well correlated with increment of wet weight-to-dry weight ratio and degree of
      perivascular cuffing and alveolar edema formation of excised lungs. These results
      indicate that elevation of Pel after high tidal ventilation in open-chest animals
      in vivo was influenced by level of EEP and Tenv and that the degree of edema
      formation was closely related to the increase of Pel. The increased Pel is
      presumably primary and causes fluid accumulation.

PMID- 3693206
TI  - Mechanics in rats by end-inflation occlusion and single-breath methods.
AB  - In six mechanically ventilated anesthetized (pentobarbital sodium, 30 mg/kg)
      paralyzed rats (187-253 g body wt) volume, airflow, and tracheal, esophageal, and
      transpulmonary pressures were measured. Respiratory system elastic and resistive
      properties were partitioned into their lung and chest wall components after end
      inflation occlusion of the airways subsequent to constant-flow inspirations and
      during relaxed expiration ensuing release of occlusion. The values provided by
      both methods were similar. Mean respiratory system, lung, and chest wall
      elastances amounted to, respectively, 5.536, 3.440, and 2.097 cmH2O.ml-1. Mean
      values of intrinsic respiratory system, pulmonary, and chest wall resistances (at
      flows of 3.5 ml.s-1) were 0.235, 0.144, and 0.091 cmH2O.ml-1.s, respectively.
      Resistive pressure-flow relationships for the respiratory system, lung, and chest
      wall were also determined during the entire tidal expiration. A linear
      relationship was found for the former, whereas power functions best described the
      others: the pulmonary pressure-flow relationship exhibited an upward concavity
      and that for the chest wall presented an upward convexity.

PMID- 3693207
TI  - Effect of training/detraining on submaximal exercise responses in humans.
AB  - Human subjects participated in a training/detraining paradigm which consisted of
      7 wk of intense endurance training followed by 3 wk of inactivity. In previously
      sedentary subjects, training produced a 23.9 +/- 7.2% increase in maximal aerobic
      power (V02max) (group S). Detraining did not affect group S V02max. In previously
      trained subjects (group T), the training/detraining paradigm did not affect
      V02max. In group S, training produced an increase in vastus lateralis muscle
      citrate synthase (CS) activities (nmol.mg protein-1. min-1) from 67.1 +/- 14.5 to
      106.9 +/- 22.0. Detraining produced a decrease in CS activity to 80 +/- 14.6. In
      group T, pretraining CS activity (139.5 +/- 14.9) did not change in response to
      training. Detraining, however, produced a decrease in CS activity (121.5 +/- 7.8
      to 66.8 +/- 5.9). Group S respiratory exchange ratios obtained during submaximal
      exercise at 60% V02max (R60) decreased in response to training (1.00 +/- 0.02 to
      0.87 +/- 0.02) and increased (0.96 +/- 0.02) after detraining. Group T R60 (0.91
      +/- 0.01) was not affected by training but increased (0.89 +/- 0.02 to 0.95 +/-
      0.02) after detraining. R60 was correlated to changes in CS activity but was
      unrelated to changes in V02max. These data support the hypothesis that the
      mitochondrial content of working skeletal muscle is an important determinant of
      substrate utilization during submaximal exercise.

PMID- 3693208
TI  - Effects of gluconeogenic precursor flux alterations on glycogen resynthesis after
      prolonged exercise.
AB  - The importance of gluconeogenic substrates (i.e., lactate, glycerol, and alanine)
      in the glycogen resynthesis observed in fasting rats after exhausting submaximal
      exercise [R.D. Fell et al. Am. J. Physiol. 238 (Regulatory Integrative Comp.
      Physiol. 7): R328-R332, 1980] was examined in muscles and liver in response to
      pharmacological alterations of gluconeogenic precursor flux. The minor role of
      lactate for glycogen resynthesis after prolonged submaximal exercise was
      confirmed by the insignificant accumulation of lactate neither in muscles nor in
      plasma. When the rate of lipolysis is reduced either by beta-blockade or by
      nicotinic acid injection, the replenishment of muscle glycogen persisted,
      suggesting that glycerol released by triglycerides hydrolysis did not play an
      important role in glycogen resynthesis. On the other hand, when pyruvate
      oxidation is enhanced by dichloroacetate (DCA), thus reducing plasma levels of
      lactate and alanine, glycogen resynthesis was completely blocked in liver and
      partly in some but not all muscles. This failure in total inhibition of glycogen
      resynthesis associated with the significant reduction of the plasma alanine level
      could be attributed to the possible stimulation of gluconeogenesis from alanine
      by DCA (R.A. Harris and D.W. Crabb. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 189: 364-371, 1978).
      The results could point out alanine as the major gluconeogenic substrate during
      recovery from exhaustive exercise in fasting conditions.

PMID- 3693209
TI  - Effect of spontaneous recovery or retraining after hindlimb suspension on aerobic
      capacity.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of spontaneous recovery or
      recovery by treadmill training (180 min/day, 5 days/wk, 30 m/min for 8 wk) on
      maximal O2 uptake (VO2max), histochemical and biochemical muscular properties
      (soleus), of rats subsequent to 5 wk of hindlimb suspension. Spontaneous recovery
      reversed the 15% reduction in VO2max, whereas training posthypokinesia induced a
      20% increase over control values. In the spontaneous recovery group, both citrate
      synthase and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activities, decreased by hypokinesia
      (-40%), increased but remained 20% below the control level. In the training
      posthypokinesia group, an increase of these activities over control occurred (+50
      and +20%, respectively). Recovery or training led to a 100% type I distribution
      in soleus muscle and to a recovery of all fibers' cross-sectional areas. In the
      spontaneous recovery group, capillaries per fiber, decreased by 46%, returned to
      the normal range. In the training posthypokinesia group, training induced an
      increase in capillaries per fiber above their control values (+23%). These
      results point to the plasticity of the muscle and indicate the necessity of a
      posthypokinesia training program for recovery of the total oxidative enzyme
      capacity.

PMID- 3693211
TI  - Effects of phrenic nerve cooling on diaphragmatic function.
AB  - The effects of phrenic nerve cooling at 0 degrees C on the nerve and
      diaphragmatic function were evaluated in dogs. Eleven dogs, anesthetized and
      mechanically ventilated, were studied. Left diaphragmatic function was assessed
      by recording the transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) generated during electrical
      stimulation of the left phrenic nerve at different frequencies (0.5, 30, and 100
      Hz). Phrenic nerve stimulations were achieved either directly by electrodes
      placed around the phrenic nerve above its pericardial course or by intramuscular
      electrodes placed close to the phrenic nerve endings. Electrical activity of the
      hemidiaphragm (Edi) was recorded and phrenic nerve conduction time (PNCT) was
      measured during direct phrenic stimulation. A transpericardial cooling of the
      nerve, at 0 degrees C, on a length of 1 cm, was performed during 30 min (group A,
      n = 7) or 5 min (group B, n = 4). After the cooling period, phrenic and
      diaphragmatic functions were assessed hourly for 4 h (H1-H4). Cooling the phrenic
      nerve produced a complete phrenic nerve conduction block in all dogs, 100 +/- 10
      s after the onset of cold exposure. Conduction recovery time was longer in group
      A (11 +/- 7 min) than in group B (2 +/- 0.5 min) and PNCT remained increased
      throughout the study in group A. Furthermore, in group A, Pdi and Edi during
      direct phrenic stimulation were markedly depressed from H1 to H4. No change in
      these parameters was noted until H3 during intramuscular stimulation, time at
      which a significant decrease occurred. By contrast, Pdi and Edi from direct and
      intramuscular stimulations remained unchanged throughout the study in group
      B.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3693210
TI  - Different effects of halothane on diaphragm and hindlimb muscle in rats.
AB  - The effects of halothane administration on diaphragm and tibialis anterior (TA)
      muscle were investigated in 30 anesthetized mechanically ventilated rats.
      Diaphragmatic strength was assessed in 17 rats by measuring the abdominal
      pressure (Pab) generated during supramaximal stimulation of the intramuscular
      phrenic nerve endings at frequencies of 0.5, 30, and 100 Hz. Halothane was
      administered during 30 min at a constant minimum alveolar concentration (MAC):
      0.5, 1, and 1.5 MAC in three groups of five rats. For each MAC, Pab was
      significantly reduced for all frequencies of stimulation except at 100 Hz during
      0.5 MAC halothane exposure. The effects of halothane (0.5, 1, and 1.5 MAC) on
      diaphragmatic neuromuscular transmission were assessed in five other rats by
      measuring the integrated electrical activity of the diaphragm (Edi) during
      electrical stimulation of the phrenic nerve. No change in Edi was observed during
      halothane exposure. In five other rats TA contraction was studied by measuring
      the strength of isometric contraction of the muscle during electrical stimulation
      of its nerve supply at different frequencies (0.5, 30, and 100 Hz). Muscle
      function was unchanged during administration of halothane in a cumulative fashion
      from 0.5 to 1.5 MAC. These results demonstrate that halothane does not affect
      hindlimb muscle function, whereas it had a direct negative inotropic effect on
      rat diaphragmatic muscle.

PMID- 3693212
TI  - Lung endothelial and epithelial permeability after platelet-activating factor.
AB  - We investigated whether platelet-activating factor (PAF) increased epithelial or
      endothelial permeability in isolated-perfused rabbit lungs. PAF was either
      injected into the pulmonary artery or instilled into the airway of lungs perfused
      with Tyrode's solution containing 1% bovine serum albumin. The effect of adding
      neutrophils or platelets to the perfusate was also tested. Perfusion was
      maintained 20-40 min after adding PAF and then a fluid filtration coefficient
      (Kf) was determined to assess vascular permeability. At the end of each
      experiment, one lung was lavaged, and the lavagate protein concentration (BALP)
      was determined. Wet weight-to-dry weight ratios (W/D) were determined on the
      other lung. PAF added to the vascular space increased peak pulmonary arterial
      pressure (Ppa) from 13.5 +/- 3.1 (mean +/- SE) to 24.2 +/- 3.3 cmH2O (P less than
      0.05). The effect was amplified by platelets [Ppa to 70.8 +/- 8.0 cmH2O (P less
      than 0.05)] but not by neutrophils [Ppa to 22.0 +/- 1.4 cmH2O (P less than
      0.05)]. Minimal changes in Ppa were observed after instilling PAF into the
      airway. The Kf, W/D, and BALP of untreated lungs were not increased by injecting
      PAF into the vasculature or into the air space. The effect of PAF on Kf, W/D, and
      BALP was unaltered by adding platelets or neutrophils to the perfusate. PAF
      increases intravascular pressure (at a constant rate of perfusion) but does not
      increase epithelial or endothelial permeability in isolated-perfused rabbit
      lungs.

PMID- 3693213
TI  - Dependence of hepatic gluconeogenesis on PO2: inhibitory effects of halothane.
AB  - The dependence of gluconeogenesis and O2 uptake on PO2 in isolated rat
      hepatocytes is presented. Maintenance of steady-state PO2 was achieved with an
      oxystat system (Biochem. J. 236: 765-769, 1986). O2 uptake showed a half-maximal
      (K0.5) value of 0.5 Torr PO2, whereas the glucose synthesis rate was half-maximal
      at 1.2 Torr PO2. Halothane at concentrations greater than 1 mM exerted a parallel
      inhibition of O2 uptake and glucose synthesis at all PO2 levels studied. In
      contrast, at halothane concentrations less than 1 mM, inhibition of glucose
      synthesis occurred only at less than 20 Torr PO2. At these low concentrations,
      halothane was without significant effects on cellular O2 uptake. In isolated
      mitochondria, inhibition of O2 uptake was already half-maximal at a halothane
      concentration of 0.5 mM. In this subcellular system the inhibitory effect of
      halothane was independent of PO2. These results demonstrate that the critical PO2
      at which cellular O2 utilization begins to decrease and the PO2 at which glucose
      synthesis begins to decrease are comparable; both PO2 levels are approximately 5
      Torr. The metabolic zonation of the liver lobule is discussed in view of the
      results presented.

PMID- 3693214
TI  - Resistance and reactance of the excised human larynx, trachea, and main bronchi.
AB  - We investigated the impedance of excised preparations of the human larynx before
      and after resection of the vocal cords and of the trachea whether or not in
      connection with the main bronchi for steady (75-700 ml.s-1) and oscillatory flows
      (4-64 Hz). To simulate the influence of respiratory flow on oscillatory
      resistance (Rosc), oscillatory and steady flow were superimposed. This resulted
      in a marked increase of Rosc, dependent on the value of steady flow, a change of
      the frequency dependence of Rosc, and a decrease of the reactance. The latter
      effects were particularly pronounced in the preparations of the larynx,
      especially with a narrow glottis opening. The influence of steady flow on
      oscillatory resistances is probably the expression of interactions of steady and
      oscillatory flow regimes in the larynx. Similar but less pronounced interactions
      are also met in the trachea. These effects lead to a systematic overestimation of
      upper airway resistance when measured during spontaneous breathing by means of a
      forced oscillation technique.

PMID- 3693215
TI  - Postural cardiovascular reflexes: comparison of responses of forearm and calf
      resistance vessels.
AB  - Simultaneous measurements were made of changes in vascular resistance in the
      forearm and calf in response to moving from supine to sitting or to head-down
      tilt. The subjects were healthy male volunteers, 21-63 yr. Blood flows were
      measured by venous occlusion plethysmography using mercury-in-Silastic strain
      gauges. The gauges were maintained at the same level relative to the heart during
      the postural changes. Arterial blood pressure was measured by auscultation; heart
      rate was counted from the plethysmograms. Changing from supine to sitting caused
      a decrease in forearm blood flow from 4.13 +/- 0.14 to 2.16 +/- 0.19 ml.100 ml
      1.min-1. Corresponding calf flows were 4.21 +/- 0.32 and 4.40 +/- 0.59 ml.100 ml
      1.min-1. There was no change in mean arterial blood pressure, and heart rate
      increased by 8.0 +/- 1.5 beats/min. Arrest of the circulation of both legs with
      occlusion cuffs on the thighs before sitting, to prevent pooling of blood in
      them, reduced the degree of forearm vasoconstriction. Neck suction (40 Torr)
      during sitting, to oppose the decrease in transmural pressure at the carotid
      sinuses, inhibited the vasoconstriction. During a 30 degrees head-down tilt,
      there was a dilatation of forearm but not of calf resistance vessels. A Valsalva
      maneuver caused a similar constriction of both vascular beds. Thus, when changes
      in vascular resistance in forearm and calf are compared, the major reflex
      adjustments to changes in posture take place in the forearm.

PMID- 3693216
TI  - Marginated pool of neutrophils in rabbit lungs.
AB  - The size and location of the marginated pool of neutrophils (PMNs) in rabbit
      lungs were evaluated, and the rate of exchange of the PMNs with the circulating
      pool was determined. 99mTc-labeled erythrocytes (99mTc-RBCs) and 125I-labeled
      macroaggregated albumin (125I-MAA) were used to determine RBC transit times in
      the pulmonary circulation. Radiolabeled PMNs were studied on their first passage
      through the lungs. After 10 min of circulation, the lungs were fixed, gamma
      counted, and prepared for morphometric and autoradiographic studies; 74 +/- 3% of
      the PMNs was retained in the lungs on the first passage, and 23 +/- 2% was within
      the pulmonary marginated pool 10 min later. The regional PMN retention and the
      rate of exchange between the marginated and circulating PMN pools in the lung
      were directly related to RBC transit time. The radiolabeled PMNs distributed
      similarly to the unlabeled cells within the microvasculature and had a similar
      exchange rate between the marginated and circulating pools (1.4 +/- 0.2%/s using
      labeled cells and 1.5 +/- 0.5%/s using unlabeled cells). The marginated pool was
      located primarily within alveolar capillaries and contained two to three times as
      many PMNs as the total circulating pool.

PMID- 3693217
TI  - Exercise-induced satellite cell activation in growing and mature skeletal muscle.
AB  - The time course and extent of satellite cell activation were studied in the
      soleus (m-SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (m-EDL) muscles of untrained growing
      and mature rats after a single bout of prolonged eccentric treadmill running. At
      24, 48, 72, and 120 h postexercise, satellite cell mitotic activity was
      quantitated in autoradiographs of whole-fiber segments after injection of
      [3H]thymidine. Fiber damage and localization of labeled cells were also examined
      in muscle cross sections. Labeling in growing muscles progressively increased to
      peak levels (approximately 250% of control) at 72 h postexercise, whereas mature
      muscles exhibited an earlier peak (approximately 250% of control) at 24 (m-SOL)
      and 48 (m-EDL) h, followed by a more rapid decline to control levels by 120 h
      postexercise. In all exercised muscles the calculated satellite cell activation
      was far greater than required to repair the small number (less than 3.0%) of
      necrotic fibers identified at the light-microscopic level. These results suggest
      that satellite cells were activated not only on fibers exhibiting overt necrosis
      but also on those with lesions not discernible with light microscopy.

PMID- 3693218
TI  - Effects of prolonged exercise in highly trained traumatic paraplegic men.
AB  - This study investigated the cardiovascular and metabolic responses to prolonged
      wheelchair exercise in a group of highly trained, traumatic paraplegic men. Six
      endurance-trained subjects with spinal cord lesions from T10 to T12/L3 underwent
      a maximal incremental exercise test in which they propelled their own track
      wheelchairs on a motor-driven treadmill to exhaustion to determine maximal O2
      uptake (VO2max) and related variables. One week later each subject exercised in
      the same wheelchair on a motorized treadmill at 60-65% of VO2max for 80 min in a
      thermoneutral environment (dry bulb 22 degrees C, wet bulb 17 degrees C).
      Approximately 10 ml of venous blood were withdrawn both 20 min and immediately
      before exercise (0 min), after 40 and 80 min of exercise, and 20 min
      postexercise. Venous blood was analyzed for hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb),
      and lactate, and the separated plasma was analyzed for glucose, K+, Na+, Cl-,
      free fatty acid (FFA), and osmolality. VO2, CO2 production (VCO2), minute
      ventilation (VE), respiratory exchange ratio (R), net efficiency, and wheelchair
      strike rate were determined at four intervals throughout the exercise period.
      Data were analyzed with an analysis of variance repeated-measures design and a
      Scheffe post hoc test. VO2max was 47.5 +/- 1.8 (SE) ml.min-1.kg-1 with maximal VE
      BTPS and maximal heart rate (HR) being 100.1 +/- 3.8 l/min and 190 +/- 1
      beats/min, respectively. During prolonged exercise there were no significant
      changes in VO2, VCO2, VE, R, net efficiency, wheelchair strike rate, and lactate,
      glucose, and Na+ concentrations. Significant increases occurred in HR, FFA, K+,
      Cl-, osmolality, Hb, and Hct throughout exercise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3693219
TI  - Comparison of calibration methods for respiratory inductive plethysmography in
      infants.
AB  - In infants under the age of 6 mo respiratory inductive plethysmograph (RIP)
      calculated tidal volumes (VT) were compared with simultaneously measured volumes
      using a pneumotachograph (PNT) to 1) assess whether using multiple points (MP)
      along the inspiratory profile of a breath is superior to using only VT when
      calculating volume-motion (VM) coefficients, 2) verify the assumption of
      independent contributions of the abdomen and rib cage to VT, which was
      accomplished by extending the normal RIP model to include a term representing
      interaction between these two compartments, and 3) investigate whether VM
      coefficients are sleep-state dependent. Neither use of multiple points nor
      inclusion of the interacting term improved the performance of the RIP over that
      observed using a simple two-compartment model with VT measurements. However, VM
      coefficients obtained during quiet sleep (QS) were not reliable when used during
      rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep, suggesting that coefficients obtained during one
      sleep state may not be applicable to another state where there is a substantial
      change in the relative abdominal/rib cage contributions to VT.

PMID- 3693220
TI  - Autonomic nervous control of postprandial hemodynamic changes at rest and upright
      exercise.
AB  - Postprandial hemodynamic changes were studied in healthy subjects at rest and
      during exercise in the upright position with and without autonomic blockade of
      the heart. At rest cardiac output increased 61% mostly because of a stroke volume
      increase accomplished by left ventricular end-diastolic dilation. These changes
      seemed to be dependent on the autonomic nervous system, whereas the postprandial
      heart rate increase did not. During exercise cardiac output was 23% higher after
      food intake due to a rise in both stroke volume and heart rate. These changes
      were apparently under influence of the autonomic nervous system, whereas left
      ventricular dilation was not. The present findings indicate that most of the
      postprandial changes in the central circulation are under control of the
      autonomic nervous system.

PMID- 3693221
TI  - Distribution of pores within alveoli in the human lung.
AB  - Usually the wall opposite the orifice of alveoli has been used to study
      interalveolar pores by scanning electron microscopy. To ascertain whether biased
      results may be obtained from this, the distribution of pores within alveoli was
      studied in human lungs. By the use of scanning electron photomicrographs, the
      number, major axes of pores, and proportional area of pores to the alveolar wall
      were estimated. The alveolar wall seen opposite the orifice was defined as the
      bottom wall. Average number of pores per alveolus was 13-21, and one-half of them
      was located in the bottom walls. The average length of major axes was 7-19
      micron, and average area fractions were 0.8-5%. The distribution of the numerical
      density, area fraction, and size of pores was uniform regardless of their
      location within the alveolus and the size of alveoli. Thus pores can be compared
      using the bottom walls of alveoli. This will facilitate the study of the effects
      of age, smoking, and topography on pore size and frequency in humans.

PMID- 3693222
TI  - Interindividual variation in hypoxic ventilatory response: potential role of
      carotid body.
AB  - There is considerable interindividual variation in ventilatory response to
      hypoxia in humans but the mechanism remains unknown. To examine the potential
      contribution of variable peripheral chemorecptor function to variation in hypoxic
      ventilatory response (HVR), we compared the peripheral chemoreceptor and
      ventilatory response to hypoxia in 51 anesthetized cats. We found large
      interindividual differences in HVR spanning a sevenfold range. In 23 cats studied
      on two separate days, ventilatory measurements were correlated (r = 0.54, P less
      than 0.01), suggesting stable interindividual differences. Measurements during
      wakefulness and in anesthesia in nine cats showed that although anesthesia
      lowered the absolute HVR it had no influence on the range or the rank of the
      magnitude of the response of individuals in the group. We observed a positive
      correlation between ventilatory and carotid sinus nerve (CSN) responses to
      hypoxia measured during anesthesia in 51 cats (r = 0.63, P less than 0.001). To
      assess the translation of peripheral chemoreceptor activity into expiratory
      minute ventilation (VE) we used an index relating the increase of VE to the
      increase of CSN activity for a given hypoxic stimulus (delta VE/delta CSN).
      Comparison of this index for cats with lowest (n = 5, HVR A = 7.0 +/- 0.8) and
      cats with highest (n = 5, HVR A = 53.2 +/- 4.9) ventilatory responses showed
      similar efficiency of central translation (0.72 +/- 0.06 and 0.70 +/- 0.08,
      respectively). These results indicate that interindividual variation in HVR is
      associated with comparable variation in hypoxic sensitivity of carotid bodies.
      Thus differences in peripheral chemoreceptor sensitivity may contribute to
      interindividual variability of HVR.

PMID- 3693223
TI  - Regional extravascular density of the lung in patients with acute pulmonary
      edema.
AB  - The regional distribution of extravascular lung density (lung tissue and
      interstitial or alveolar fluid per unit thoracic volume) and fractional pulmonary
      blood volume (volume of blood per unit thoracic volume) was measured in five
      patients with acute interstitial pulmonary edema and two patients with acute
      alveolar edema. We found a uniform increase in extravascular lung density in the
      patients with acute interstitial edema but a preferentially dependent
      distribution in the patients with alveolar edema. Fractional blood volume had an
      abnormally uniform distribution in patients with interstitial edema. In alveolar
      edema, there was marked redistribution of blood volume away from severely
      edematous regions. The results are in agreement with previous experimental work
      with animal models. The distribution of extravascular lung density and fractional
      blood volume in subjects with acute interstitial edema is, however, different
      from that found in subjects with chronic interstitial edema, suggesting that the
      pathophysiological characteristics of the two conditions may be different.

PMID- 3693224
TI  - Oxygen supply and the placenta limit thermogenic responses in fetal sheep.
AB  - The aim of this study was to assess the individual effects of cooling, increased
      oxygenation, and umbilical cord occlusion on nonshivering thermogenesis in utero.
      A cooling coil was placed around eight fetal sheep of 132-145 days gestation;
      thermistors were placed in the fetal esophagus and maternal iliac artery,
      vascular catheters and a tracheal catheter were inserted, and a snare was placed
      loosely around the umbilical cord. The next day cold water was circulated through
      the coil for 5 h. During the 1st h of cooling alone, fetal core temperature fell
      2.79 degrees C, but indexes of brown fat activity increased only slightly. After
      ventilation with O2, plasma free fatty acid concentration (FFA) rose 7.4-fold to
      244 +/- 42 mu eq/l, glycerol concentration rose fourfold to 376 +/- 85 microM,
      and the difference between brown fat and core temperature widened to 0.60 +/-
      0.10 degrees C. Ventilation with N2-enriched air did not evoke similar responses.
      After snaring the umbilical cord while ventilation was continued, FFA rose to 554
      +/- 95 mu eq/l, glycerol rose to 684 +/- 76 microM, and the temperature
      difference widened to 0.77 +/- 0.13 degrees C. Whole-body O2 consumption peaked
      at 19.6 ml.min-1.kg-1 of fetal tissue. We conclude that fetal thermogenic
      responses are limited in part by O2 delivery to brown fat and are augmented by
      occlusion of the umbilical cord.

PMID- 3693225
TI  - Changes in surfactant pools after a physiological increase in alveolar
      surfactant.
AB  - We have used previously characterized models to investigate the reuptake of
      surfactant from the alveolus. In model 1, rats were swum in a water bath at 33
      degrees C for 30 min, which increased tidal volume (VT) approximately 300% and
      frequency 60%; they were then allowed to rest for up to 4 h. In model 2, rats
      were exposed to 5% CO2-13% O2-82% N2 for 24 h, which increased both VT and
      frequency approximately 200%; these rats were then rested for up to 24 h. In both
      models we harvested a tissue fraction (lamellar bodies, lb) and two alveolar
      fractions--tubular myelin rich (alv-1) and tubular myelin poor (alv-2).
      Immediately after swimming, lb-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPClb) was 18%
      below the control of 0.94 +/- 0.037 (SE) mg/g wet lung (n = 24 rats; P less than
      0.05); this returned to control by 2 h. Whereas DPPCalv-1 was constant at all
      time points, DPPCalv-2 was increased 50% above the control of 2.68 +/- 0.085 mg/g
      dry lung (n = 27 rats; P less than 0.001) immediately and up to 1 h after
      swimming. It returned to control levels between 2 and 3 h. After gas exposure,
      DPPC in lb, alv-1, and alv-2 was 33, 64, and 89%, respectively, above controls.
      All three fractions had normalized after 24 h. Our results demonstrate marked
      differences in the response of the surfactant system to acute and more prolonged
      stimuli. Of particular interest was the constancy of alv-1 with swimming,
      suggesting that it may be the controlled variable. However, the system appeared
      to be reset by prolonged hyperpnea, a process that may involve an increase in
      synthesis of surfactant.

PMID- 3693226
TI  - Gravity-dependent distribution of parietal subpleural interstitial pressure.
AB  - Using liquid-filled catheters, we recorded, in 30 anesthetized, spontaneously
      breathing supine rabbits, the hydraulic pressure from the parietal subpleural
      interstitial space (Pspl). Through a small exposed area of parietal pleura a
      plastic catheter (1 mm ED), with a closed and smooth tip and several holes on the
      last centimeter, was carefully advanced between the muscular layer and the
      parietal pleura, tangentially to the pleural surface to reach the submesothelial
      layer. Simultaneous measurements of pleural liquid pressure (Pliq) were obtained
      from intrapleurally placed cannulas. End-expiratory Pspl decreased (became more
      negative) with increasing height (LH) according to the following: Pspl (cmH2O) = 
      1 - 0.4 LH (cm), the corresponding equation for Pliq being Pliq (cmH2O) = -1.5 -
      0.7 LH (cm). Thus at end expiration a transpleural hydraulic pressure difference
      (Pliq-Pspl) developed at any height, increasing from the bottom to the top of the
      cavity as Pliq - Pspl (cmH2O) = -0.5 - 0.3 LH (cm). The Pliq-Pspl difference
      increased during inspiration due to the much smaller tidal change in Pspl than in
      Pliq. By considering the gravity-dependent distribution of the functional
      hydrostatic pressure in the systemic capillaries of the pleura (Pc) and the Pspl
      and Pliq values integrated over the respiratory cycle we estimated that on the
      average, the Pc-Pspl difference is sevenfold larger than the Pspl-Pliq
      difference.

PMID- 3693227
TI  - Occurrence of high-pressure nervous syndrome at constant pressure during change
      of mixture.
AB  - Three professional divers have performed a dive to 450 msw. From 200 msw and
      during the first 64 h on the bottom, they breathed a H2-He-O2 mixture with 54-56%
      H2. At this time a switch was performed to a mixture with 30% H2, and 8 h later a
      second switch was performed to 0% H2. In the H2-He-O2 mixture the clinical
      symptoms of high-pressure nervous syndrome (HPNS) were not present and the
      electroencephalogram changes were slight. The switch of the mixture induced an
      isobaric HPNS of high intensity. Twenty-four hours later the HPNS decreased, but
      the clinical symptoms persisted throughout the stay in the He-O2 mixture. The
      appearance of isobaric HPNS during the switch might be due to the disappearance
      of the narcotic substance which suppressed or masked the clinical symptoms; it
      might also be due to the sudden increase in the partial pressure of He, which was
      equivalent to a fast compression.

PMID- 3693228
TI  - Prolonged decrease in cardiac volumes after maximal upright bicycle exercise.
AB  - Sequential exercise-gated cardiac blood pool scintigrams provide a noninvasive
      technique for evaluating the effect of therapeutic interventions on cardiac
      volumes and function only if both exercise periods are equivalent in the absence
      of an intervention. To assess whether they are indeed equivalent, 14 healthy
      subjects underwent gated blood pool scintigraphy during two maximal upright
      exercise periods separated by 60 min without changing position. Although resting
      cardiac output and blood pressure returned to base-line values 60 min after the
      first exercise period, mean resting heart rate was markedly higher (89.4 +/- 2.7
      vs. 66.5 +/- 2.5 beats/min, P less than 0.001) and upright cardiac volumes lower
      [39.1 +/- 4.9 vs. 56.3 +/- 6.0 ml, P less than 0.001, for end-systolic volume
      (ESV) and 112.6 +/- 8.0 vs. 144.9 +/- 9.0 ml, P less than 0.001, for end
      diastolic volume (EDV)] than before the first exercise period. These differences
      persisted during low levels of the subsequent exercise but not at high and
      maximum work loads. Cardiac volumes and heart rate 60 min after an identical
      exercise protocol in a second group of 22 subjects who received propranolol, 0.15
      mg/kg iv, after their initial exercise, however, were the same as those
      preexercise. Thus higher sympathetic tone may be responsible for the persistently
      higher heart rate and decreased cardiac volumes after exercise, and the
      assumption that cardiac volumes and function are similar during two closely
      spaced sequential exercise studies is not always valid.

PMID- 3693229
TI  - Acute changes in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with exercise of different
      intensities.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effects of exercise on
      plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and to determine whether the
      magnitude of this response would be affected by the intensity of the exercise.
      Twelve men (19-41 yr) ran an equivalent distance (9-12 km) on a treadmill on two
      separate occasions. On one occasion the exercise was performed at a speed that
      elicited 60% of the subject's maximal O2 uptake (VO2max), and on the other
      occasion exercise was performed at a speed that elicited 90% of VO2max. Changes
      in total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), HDL-C, HDL apoprotein A (HDL-A), HDL
      saturation, lactate (LA), and free fatty acids (FFA) were measured during the
      course of each run, and all values were corrected for changes in plasma volume as
      indicated by hematocrit. There were significant increases (P less than 0.01) in
      HDL-C, HDL-A, and HDL saturation with exercise at both intensities, but greater
      increases in HDL-C (25 vs. 14%) and HDL-A (18 vs. 8%) were observed with the
      higher intensity exercise. Plasma FFA and TG did not differ between conditions,
      but LA concentrations rose significantly during the high-intensity exercise.
      These results indicate that increases in HDL components can occur with a
      relatively moderate exercise session and that the magnitude of these increases
      are directly related to the exercise intensity.

PMID- 3693230
TI  - Early pulmonary endothelial enzyme dysfunction after phorbol ester in conscious
      rabbits.
AB  - We investigated changes in angiotensin converting-enzyme (ACE) activity before
      and at 5, 15, 60, and 240 min after 20 micrograms phorbol myristate acetate/kg
      body wt iv in conscious rabbits. ACE activity was estimated in vivo from the
      single-pass transpulmonary metabolism of the synthetic substrate [3H]benzoyl-Phe
      Ala-Pro [( 3H]BPAP) under first-order reaction conditions. Within 5 min after PMA
      administration, all animals developed profound granulocytopenia (15% of control)
      and moderate thrombocytopenia (57% of control), both lasting for the duration of
      the experiment. Concomitantly, there was a significant decrease in the
      transpulmonary metabolism of [3H]BPAP and the calculated apparent first-order
      reaction constant Amax/Km of ACE for [3H]BPAP. No histological evidence of lung
      injury was observed at these times. Since a concomitant fall in the permeability
      surface area product for urea was also observed, we considered that the apparent
      decline in ACE activity might have resulted from a reduction in perfused
      endothelial surface area. To resolve this, we studied the effect of PMA on the Km
      (a measure of enzyme affinity for its substrate) and Amax (a derivative of Vmax
      that is dependent upon total enzyme present and thus capillary surface area) of
      ACE and 5'-nucleotidase for [3H]BPAP and [14C]AMP, respectively. A significant
      increase in Km for both enzymes was observed at 1 h after PMA, whereas Amax was
      unaffected, suggesting that low-dose PMA may indeed produce endothelial cell
      enzyme dysfunction independent of its effect on capillary surface area. These
      results provide evidence of pulmonary capillary functional injury before or in
      the absence of structural endothelial damage.

PMID- 3693231
TI  - Injurious effects of lysophosphatidylcholine on barrier properties of alveolar
      epithelium.
AB  - We studied the effects of lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) on the barrier
      properties and the morphology of the alveolar-capillary membrane in isolated,
      fluid-filled hamster lungs continuously perfused. When instilled into the
      airspace at initial concentrations of 8-128 micrograms/ml, lysoPC causes dose
      dependent increases in the permeability-surface area product of the alveolar
      epithelium for small (14C-sucrose, 342) and large (125I-neutral dextran, 70,000)
      solutes, with maximal values for each solute approximately 15 times control.
      Rapid whole-lung weight gains are caused by 128 micrograms lysoPC per milliliter,
      but each of the lower concentrations has no effect on net lung water balance.
      Electron-microscopic studies demonstrate that type I pneumonocytes are the lung
      cells most susceptible to lysoPC exposure, with cell swelling being the most
      prominent feature from low-dose exposure with more severe disruptive changes at
      the highest concentration tested. The effects of lysoPC are relatively specific,
      as several structurally related lipids have little or no effect at equivalent
      concentrations. Instillation of phospholipase A2 causes functional changes
      similar to those seen with lysoPC, presumably by generation of lysoPC from
      endogenous phospholipids. Studies employing a 14C-radiolabeled compound show that
      instilled lysoPC rapidly partitions into the lung lipid fraction where a major
      portion of the acyl group becomes incorporated into phosphatidylcholine. The
      amount of instilled lysoPC required to produce functional and morphological
      effects comprises only a few percent of total lung phospholipids. Since lysoPC is
      a normal component of lung phospholipids, severe lung dysfunction might result
      from minor abnormalities in the formation or degradation of this compound.

PMID- 3693232
TI  - Effects of protamine, heparinase, and hyaluronidase on endothelial permeability
      and surface charge.
AB  - We undertook studies in the isolated perfused rat lung to determine 1) the
      effects of endothelial charge neutralization with the polycation protamine
      sulfate on microvascular permeability, lung water, and anionic ferritin binding
      to the endothelium and 2) the role of heparan sulfate and hyaluronate, negatively
      charged cell surface glycosaminoglycans, on permeability. Capillary permeability
      was determined by tissue 125I-albumin accumulation in isolated perfused rat
      lungs. In control lungs the 5-min albumin uptake was 0.50 +/- 0.05 cm3.s-1.g dry
      tissue-1 X 10(-3). It was increased by 132 +/- 7.8% (P less than 0.001) by
      protamine (0.08 mg/ml) and 65 +/- 12% (P less than 0.01) by heparinase (5 U/ml),
      whereas hyaluronidase (25 NFU/ml) was without effect. In control lungs total
      water was 4.83 +/- 0.15 ml g/dry tissue. Protamine increased lung water 12 +/- 2%
      (P less than 0.05). Heparinase caused a 9 +/- 3% increase (P less than 0.05), and
      hyaluronidase had no effect. Electron microscopy demonstrated that protamine
      increased anionic ferritin binding to the surface of endothelial cells. We
      conclude that protamine sulfate neutralization of negative charge in the
      pulmonary microcirculation leads to increased microvascular permeability. Heparin
      sulfate may be responsible for this charge effect.

PMID- 3693233
TI  - Alpha-thrombin-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction.
AB  - We examined the direct effects of thrombin on pulmonary vasomotor tone in
      isolated guinea pig lungs perfused with Ringer albumin (0.5% g/100 ml). The
      injection of alpha-thrombin (the native enzyme) resulted in rapid dose-dependent
      increases in pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa) and pulmonary capillary pressure
      (Ppc), which were associated with an increase in the lung effluent thromboxane B2
      concentration. The Ppa and Ppc responses decreased with time but then increased
      again within 40 min after thrombin injection. The increases in Ppc were primarily
      the result of postcapillary vasoconstriction. Pulmonary edema as evidenced by
      marked increases (60% from base line) in lung weight occurred within 90 min after
      thrombin injection. Injection of modified thrombins (i.e., gamma-thrombin lacking
      the fibrinogen recognition site or i-Pr2P-alpha-thrombin lacking the serine
      proteolytic site) was not associated with pulmonary hemodynamic or weight changes
      nor did they block the effects of alpha-thrombin. Indomethacin (a cyclooxygenase
      inhibitor), dazoxiben (a thromboxane synthase inhibitor), or hirudin (a thrombin
      antagonist) inhibited the thrombin-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction, as well as
      the pulmonary edema. We conclude that thrombin-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction
      is primarily the result of constriction of postcapillary vessels, and the
      response is mediated by generation of cyclooxygenase-derived metabolites. The
      edema formation is also dependent on activation of the cyclooxygenase pathway.
      The proteolytic site of alpha-thrombin is required for the pulmonary
      vasoconstrictor and edemogenic responses.

PMID- 3693234
TI  - Effects of shear stress on adhesive interaction between neutrophils and cultured
      endothelial cells.
AB  - The effect of hydrodynamic shear stress on the adhesive interaction between
      neutrophils and endothelial cells in vitro was investigated using an apparatus
      similar to a cone-in-plate viscometer. Isolated bovine neutrophils were labeled
      with 111In and incubated with monolayers of cultured bovine pulmonary arterial
      endothelial cells in the presence of different degrees of shear stress.
      Physiologically relevant shear (less than 2 dyn/cm2) was associated with marked
      decrease in neutrophil adherence. Stimulation with 10% bovine zymosan-activated
      plasma increased adherence under static conditions but failed to increase
      adherence conducted during the application of shear stress. Inhibition of
      endothelial cell prostacyclin production by meclofenamate or aspirin failed to
      alter the response to shear. Incubation of neutrophils under static conditions
      for 10, but not 5, min however, markedly enhanced subsequent resistance to shear,
      suggesting that a time-dependent reaction between neutrophil and endothelial cell
      was required to induce an increase in the strength of adherence. Analysis of
      neutrophil migration underneath the monolayer indicated that such migration in no
      way accounted for resistance to shear, particularly since shear resistance was
      enhanced on serum-coated plastic as well as endothelial cells. We conclude that
      hemodynamic factors may play an important role in modulating neutrophil adherence
      to endothelium in both normal and inflammatory states.

PMID- 3693235
TI  - Airway size is related to sex but not lung size in normal adults.
AB  - Within individuals, lung size as assessed by total lung capacity (TLC) or vital
      capacity (VC) appears to be unrelated to airway size as assessed physiologically
      by maximum expiratory flows (MEF). Green et al. (J. Appl. Physiol. 37: 67-74,
      1974) coined the term dysanapsis (unequal growth) to express this apparent
      interindividual discrepancy between parenchymal and airway size. We have
      reexamined this discrepancy using both physiological and anatomic indexes of
      airway size. Airway area by acoustic reflectance (AAAR), peak expiratory flow
      rates (PEFR), MEF, and lung volumes were measured in 26 male and 28 female
      healthy nonsmoking adults. The effect of sex on these indexes of large airway
      size was significant when assessed in a subset of males and females whose TLC's
      were matched (5.0-6.5 liters). Within this subset, male AAAR was 2.79 +/- 0.45
      cm2, whereas female AAAR was 1.99 +/- 0.67 cm2 (P less than 0.01). Male's PEFR
      and MEF after 25% of VC had been expired (MEF25) were 23% greater than those of
      females within this subset (P less than 0.05). For the entire group of subjects,
      once these sex-related differences had been accounted for, AAAR was not
      significantly related to TLC, whereas PEFR and MEF25 remained at best weakly
      related to TLC. We conclude that tracheal areas in males are significantly larger
      than those of females even after controlling for TLC and that after controlling
      for sex-related differences, tracheal size in adults is unrelated to lung size
      across a broad range of lung sizes.

PMID- 3693236
TI  - Glucocorticoid-receptor activation in hypertrophied skeletal muscle.
AB  - This investigation was undertaken 1) to determine whether the increased
      glucocorticoid-receptor binding activities, observed in hypertrophied plantaris
      muscles, are associated with a reduced ability to undergo receptor activation and
      2) to examine whether glucocorticoid-receptor complexes in hypertrophied muscles
      undergo a shift in the relative distribution of the two thermally activated
      receptor forms (termed binder II and corticosteroid binder IB) to a distribution
      that is found in slow-twitch or heart muscle types. Plantaris muscles of female
      adrenalectomized rats, enlarged by surgical removal of synergists, were 60%
      heavier and had higher glucocorticoid cytosol binding (125 +/- 14 vs. 79 +/- 8
      fmol/mg protein) than these muscles of controls. Activation, which was
      quantitated by the ability of the steroid-receptor complex to bind to DNA, was
      similar in overloaded and control muscles (57 +/- 2 vs. 62 +/- 4%).
      Diethylaminoethyl-cellulose chromatography of activated receptors showed
      approximately 16% of the radioactivity appearing as binder II and 38% as binder
      IB in both hypertrophied and control muscles. These results show that although
      enlarged plantaris muscles are undergoing certain fast- to slow-twitch
      biochemical transformations, the activated glucocorticoid-receptor distribution
      does not shift to that observed in slow fibers.

PMID- 3693237
TI  - Discrepancy in stoichiometry of steady-state muscle [Pi] and [PCr] induced by
      exercise.
AB  - Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance was used to quantify the relations between
      metabolic phosphates, intracellular pH, and work rate in forearm muscle of six
      adult men over a range of work rates from 1.0 to 3.5 W. Three work rates were
      studied in each of four sessions (either 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 or 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5
      W), with measurements made before and during each bout, thereby permitting the
      partition of the variance attributable to rest, work-dependent, and time
      dependent metabolic functions by regression analysis. There were no time
      dependent changes in either [ATP] or intracellular [H+] as assessed during the
      rest intervals between bouts of exercise. In contrast, the total nuclear magnetic
      resonance (NMR)-visible phosphorus pool (TVPP) decreased with time, with both
      phosphocreatine (PCr) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) contributing significantly to
      TVPP reduction. Muscle [ATP] was unchanged by work at all intensities.
      Intracellular [H+] increased moderately and proportionately to work rate. [PCr]
      decreased and [Pi] increased in proportion to work rate, with the work-dependent
      coefficient for PCr consumption approximately 1.5 times that of Pi production.
      Neither Pi line width nor motion artifact accounted for the decrease in TVPP, so
      the reduced Pi accumulation in exercise may represent its sequestering in some
      NMR-invisible muscle pool and/or loss to the blood. Whatever the process
      involved, it is proportional to work rate and persists for at least 10-15 min
      after exercise.

PMID- 3693238
TI  - Accumulation of deuterium oxide in body fluids after ingestion of D2O-labeled
      beverages.
AB  - A simple low-cost procedure was developed to compare the temporal profiles of
      deuterium oxide (D2O) accumulation in body fluids after ingestion of D2O-labeled
      solutions. D2O concentration was measured in plasma and saliva samples taken at
      various intervals after ingestion of 20 ml of D2O mixed with five solutions
      differing in carbohydrate and electrolyte concentrations. An infrared
      spectrometer was used to measure D2O in purified samples obtained after a 48-h
      incubation period during which the water (D2O and H2O) in the sample was
      equilibrated with an equal volume of distilled water in a sealed diffusion dish.
      The procedure yields 100% recoveries of 60-500 ppm D2O with an average precision
      of 5%. When compared with values for distilled water, D2O accumulation in serial
      samples of plasma and saliva was slower for ingested solutions containing 40 and
      15% glucose and faster for hypotonic saline and a 6% carbohydrate-electrolyte
      solution. These differences appear to reflect known differences in gastric
      emptying and intestinal absorption of these beverages. Therefore this technique
      may provide a useful index of the rate of water uptake from ingested beverages
      into the body fluids.

PMID- 3693239
TI  - Ventilation during sleep onset.
AB  - There is now considerable evidence which indicates that respiratory activity is
      different during sleep compared with wakefulness. However, there has been little
      work on respiratory changes during the transitional period from wakefulness to
      sleep. The present study was concerned with the quantitative and temporal
      properties of ventilation during sleep onset. Sleep onsets were studied in five
      young male adults in a series of single-subject designs in which sleep onsets
      were replications. The results indicated that during sleep onset the loss of
      alpha-activity in the electroencephalogram was associated with a substantial,
      rapid, and highly predictable reduction in ventilation. The change in ventilation
      was typically due to a reduction in tidal volume and was, in part, secondary to a
      reduction in metabolic rate. We speculate that the nonmetabolic component may
      reflect the loss of waking neural drive to respiration, though the present study
      did not eliminate a variety of other interpretations.

PMID- 3693240
TI  - Indirect assessment of mucosal surface temperatures in the airways: theory and
      tests.
AB  - We developed and tested a method, based on conduction heat transfer analysis, to
      infer airway mucosal temperatures from airstream temperature-time profiles during
      breath-hold maneuvers. The method assumes that radial conduction of heat from the
      mucosal wall to inspired air dominates heat exchange during a breath-hold
      maneuver and uses a simplified conservation of energy analysis to extrapolate
      wall temperatures from air temperature vs. time profiles. Validation studies were
      performed by simultaneously measuring air and wall temperatures by use of a
      retractable basket probe in the upper airways of human volunteers and
      intrathoracic airways of paralyzed intubated dogs during breath holding. In both
      protocols, a good correlation was demonstrated between directly measured wall
      temperatures and those calculated from adjacent airstream temperature vs. time
      profiles during a breath hold. We then calculated intrathoracic bronchial wall
      temperatures from breath-hold airstream temperature-time profiles recorded in
      normal human subjects after cold air hyperpnea at 30 and 80 l/min. The
      calculations show airway wall temperatures in the upper intrathoracic airways
      that are below core body temperature during hyperpnea of frigid air and upper
      thoracic airways that are cooler than more peripheral airways. The data suggest
      that the magnitude of local intrathoracic heat/water flux is not represented by
      heat/water loss measurements at the airway opening. Both the magnitude and locus
      of heat transport during cold gas hyperventilation vary with changes in inspired
      gas temperature and minute ventilation; both may be important determinants of
      airway responses.

PMID- 3693241
TI  - Subunit composition of rodent isomyosins and their distribution in hindlimb
      skeletal muscles.
AB  - Three adult skeletal muscle sarcomeric myosin heavy chain (MHC) genes have been
      identified in the rat, suggesting that the expressed native myosin isoforms can
      be differentiated, in part, on the basis of their MHC composition. This study was
      undertaken to ascertain whether the five major native isomyosins [3 fast (Fm1,
      Fm2, Fm3), 1 slow (Sm), and 1 intermediate (Im)], typically expressed in the
      spectrum of adult rat skeletal muscles comprising the hindlimb, could be further
      differentiated on the basis of their MHC profiles in addition to their light
      chain composition. Results show that in muscles comprised exclusively of fast
      twitch glycolytic (FG) fibers and consisting of Fm1, Fm2, and Fm3, such as the
      tensor fasciae latae, only one MHC, designated as fast type IIb, could be
      resolved. In soleus muscle, comprised of both slow-twitch oxidative and fast
      twitch oxidative-glycolytic fibers and expressing Sm and Im, two MHC bands were
      resolved and designated as slow/cardiac beta-MHC and fast type IIa MHC. In
      muscles expressing a mixture of all three fiber types and a full complement of
      isomyosins, as seen in the plantaris, the MHC could be resolved into three bands.
      Light chain profiles were characterized for each muscle type, as well as for the
      purified isomyosins. These data suggest that Im (IIa) consists of a mixture of
      fast and slow light chains, whereas Fm (IIb) and Sm (beta) isoforms consist
      solely of fast- and slow-type light chains, respectively. Polypeptide mapping of
      denatured myosin extracted from muscles expressing contrasting isoform phenotypes
      suggests differences in the MHC primary structure between slow, intermediate, and
      fast myosin isotypes. These findings demonstrate that 1) Fm, Im, and Sm isoforms
      are differentiated on the bases of both their heavy and light chain components
      and 2) each isomyosin is distributed in a characteristic fashion among rat
      hindlimb skeletal muscles. Furthermore, these data suggest that the ratio of
      isomyosins in a given muscle or muscle region is of physiological importance to
      the function of that muscle during muscular activity.

PMID- 3693242
TI  - Effect of anabolic steroids on overloaded and overloaded suspended skeletal
      muscle.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether anabolic steroids act
      synergistically with functional overload in terms of increasing muscle weight and
      subcellular protein content of normal overloaded and suspended overloaded rodent
      plantaris muscle. Female rats were randomly assigned to six groups (7 rats/group)
      for 6 wk: 1) normal control (NC), 2) overload (OV), 3) overload steroid (OV-S),
      4) normal suspended (N-SUS), 5) overload suspended (OV-SUS), and 6) overload
      suspended steroid (OV-SUS-S). Rats receiving anabolic steroid were administered
      0.3 mg nandrolone decanoate (Deca-Durabolin) per day. Relative to control values,
      overload induced 1) sparing of muscle weight of the OV-SUS group as well as
      larger absolute and normalized (mg muscle/g body wt) muscle weight of the OV
      group (P less than 0.05), 2) greater protein content (mg/muscle, P less than
      0.05), and 3) an increased relative expression of slow myosin in both the OV and
      OV-SUS groups (P less than 0.05). Although anabolic steroid treatment of overload
      animals (OV-S) did not alter further the pattern of response of any parameter
      analyzed for the OV group, it did induce larger absolute and normalized muscle
      weight (P less than 0.05) as well as a greater protein content (mg/muscle, P less
      than 0.05) of the OV-SUS-S group compared with control values. However, anabolic
      steroid treatment did not alter the pattern of isomyosin expression observed in
      the overload (OV-S vs. OV) or overload suspended (OV-SUS-S vs. OV-SUS)
      groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3693243
TI  - A technique for recording from intact phrenic nerve afferents.
AB  - Recent evidence has suggested that phrenic nerve afferents can influence
      respiratory motor drive. This paper presents a technique whereby the activity of
      single phrenic nerve afferents can be recorded from uncut dorsal root filaments.
      Cervical dorsal roots 4, 5, and 6 were exposed by dorsal laminectomy in 10
      anesthetized, spontaneously breathing cats. A stimulating electrode was placed on
      the right whole phrenic nerve low in the neck. The animal was then placed in a
      spinal suspension frame. Dissection of the dorsal root filaments was performed
      with probes made of fine tungsten wire. Single filaments were isolated intact
      from the dorsal root fascicles and placed across a tungsten electrode. Fiber
      classification was performed by determining conduction velocity. Monopolar
      recordings were made from a total of 38 fibers. Tonic activity was observed in
      21, respiratory-related activity was evident in 15, and two fibers were silent
      but could be recruited by phrenic nerve stimulation. The conduction velocities
      ranged from 2.2 to 103 m/s. Approximately one-half of the fibers had conduction
      velocities of less than 20 m/s. This technique offers a way to record the
      activity of diaphragm afferents while maintaining the integrity of possible
      reflex pathways. Application of this method should prove helpful in elucidating
      the possible role of the various diaphragm afferents in the control of
      respiratory motor drive.

PMID- 3693244
TI  - A model-free method for mass spectrometer response correction.
AB  - A new method for correction of mass spectrometer output signals is described.
      Response-time distortion is reduced independently of any model of mass
      spectrometer behavior. The delay of the system is found first from the cross
      correlation function of a step change and its response. A two-sided time-domain
      digital correction filter (deconvolution filter) is generated next from the same
      step response data using a regression procedure. Other data are corrected using
      the filter and delay. The mean squared error between a step response and a step
      is reduced considerably more after the use of a deconvolution filter than after
      the application of a second-order model correction. O2 consumption and CO2
      production values calculated from data corrupted by a simulated dynamic process
      return to near the uncorrupted values after correction. Although a clean step
      response or the ensemble average of several responses contaminated with noise is
      needed for the generation of the filter, random noise of magnitude less than or
      equal to 0.5% added to the response to be corrected does not impair the
      correction severely.

PMID- 3693245
TI  - Estimating diffusion distances in muscle.
AB  - Models of fibers and capillaries in cross sections of muscle were used to
      quantify the relationships between diffusion distances and tissue capillarity.
      The fibers were constructed as square and hexagonal arrays, and the placement of
      capillaries around the perimeters of the fibers ordered them in similar arrays.
      Diffusion distances were measured as the percent cumulative frequency of fiber
      area within a given distance of a capillary when capillary-to-fiber ratio was
      increased from 0.5 to 4.0. Equations fitted to the data make it possible to
      estimate diffusion distances in muscle and to correlate changes in diffusion
      distances with fiber growth, capillary growth, and the geometrical arrangement of
      capillaries in the muscle bed.

PMID- 3693246
TI  - On the interpretation of average ventilation-perfusion distribution.

PMID- 3693247
TI  - A monoclonal antibody against human fibroblasts recognizes a cell surface antigen
      with increased expression in immortal cell lines.

PMID- 3693248
TI  - Retinoic acid-induced arrest of mouse melanoma cells in G1 without inhibition of
      protein synthesis.

PMID- 3693249
TI  - Inhibition of attachment and growth of tumor cells on collagen by a monoclonal
      antibody.
AB  - A murine monoclonal antibody, VM-1, which binds to basal cells of normal human
      epidermis, reduces the ability of human squamous cell carcinoma cells (SCL-1)
      derived from the skin to attach and spread on collagen by about 50% and causes
      cell rounding. Similar effects have been previously shown using normal human
      keratinocytes. The attachment of cell lines derived from human lung squamous cell
      carcinomas (SW1271 and SW900), melanoma A375, glioblastoma 126, and fibrosarcoma
      HT1080 is also inhibited by this antibody. VM-1 antibody does not bind to normal
      human fibroblasts, benign nevus cells, or the human B-cell-derived line 8866. VM
      1 antibody inhibits the growth of SCL-1 cells in vitro as measured by cell
      numbers and [3H]thymidine ([3H]TdR) incorporation. It is not cytolytic in the
      presence of complement as measured by 51Cr release. Repeated treatment of SCL-1
      cells with VM-1 antibody significantly reduces the proportion of SCL-1 cells that
      attach to collagen. In addition, after treatment of SCL-1 cells with VM-1
      antibody, several proteins can no longer be demonstrated by gel electrophoresis
      of the cell-free supernatant. The VM-1 antibody effect on attachment and
      spreading is partially reversed by pretreatment of the collagen surface with
      laminin and fibronectin, but not with the carbohydrates chondroitin-6-sulfate or
      hyaluronic acid or with the protein lysozyme. By fluorescence staining, the
      antigen recognized by VM-1 antibody is membrane-bound and Triton X-100
      extractable. The VM-1 antigen is excluded from Bio-Sil TSK-400 and sediments at
      about 10.5 S. It has a covalent molecular weight on the order of 10(6).
      Proteinase K digestion produces VM-1 antibody reactive fragments, assumed to be
      polysaccharides, with a polydisperse molecular weight distribution in the range
      5000 to 30,000. The VM-1 antigen is partially lost from solution on boiling and
      is no longer detectable in the aqueous or organic phase after chloroform-methanol
      extraction. The properties of the VM-1 antigen are consistent with those of a
      proteoglycan involved in attachment and spreading of keratinocytes and certain
      tumor cells on collagen.

PMID- 3693250
TI  - Role of iron chelators in growth-promoting effect on mouse hybridoma cells in a
      chemically defined medium.
AB  - The role of various iron chelators on the multiplication of mouse hybridoma cells
      in an albumin-free, transferrin-deficient defined medium was investigated.
      Fe(III)-dihydroxyethylglycine, Fe(III)-glycylglycine, Fe(III)-ethylenediamine
      N,N'-dipropionic acid, or Fe(III)-iminodiacetic acid supported the excellent
      growth of the cells. In addition, the growth of the iron-starved cells, which had
      been preincubated in a protein-, iron- and chelator-free defined medium, restored
      rapidly when the medium was supplemented with holotransferrin, ferric iron, and
      chelator compared to that when supplemented with holotransferrin, but without
      iron and chelator. The results suggest that such chelators modulate a progression
      of transferrin cycle in the presence of transferrin and ferric iron. An
      alternative explanation is that there is a decrease in generation of iron
      catalyzed free radicals.

PMID- 3693251
TI  - Deleterious effects of fungizone on growth hormone and prolactin secretion by
      cultured GH3 cells.
AB  - The rates at which growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) are spontaneously
      secreted from a rat pituitary tumor cell line (GH3) were significantly reduced
      when these cells were maintained in medium containing 2.5 micrograms/ml Fungizone
      (Fz). The reduction in hormone secretion was not immediately reversed by removal
      of Fz during perifusion, but after 3 wk in control medium, secretory rates
      approached the pre-Fz treatment levels. In plated cells, secretion of GH was
      reduced by Fz in a dose-dependent manner, whereas PRL secretion was significantly
      reduced only by the highest concentration (2.5 micrograms/ml) of Fz. We concluded
      that Fz is not an acceptable medium constituent for the long-term culture of GH3
      cells. However, because its effects are reversible, its short-term use as a
      decontaminating agent might eliminate the necessity for reinitiating the culture
      of cells whose secretory behavior must be followed in long-term protocols.

PMID- 3693253
TI  - A model for tumorigenicity and metastatic potential: growth in 1.0% agar
      cultures.
AB  - We developed a method to determine the amount of work performed by cells through
      cell division in 1.0% agar cultures. There was no correlation between the cloning
      efficiencies of 1.0 and 0.3% agar cultures. Growth in 1.0% agar cultures
      correlated well with such malignant properties as tumorigenicity and the invasive
      and metastatic potentials. Our method revealed that metastatic MC and F cell
      lines possess different means of taking advantage of energy to proliferate
      against an environmental pressure from those possessed by nontumorigenic (ME and
      T-C3H) cell strain/line or nonmetastatic but tumorigenic (L,MR, and magc1) cell
      lines.

PMID- 3693252
TI  - Purification and identification of transferrin as a major pituitary-derived
      mitogen for MTW9/PL2 rat mammary tumor cells.
AB  - Transferrin was identified as a major tissue-derived growth factor for MTW9/PL2
      rat mammary tumor cells. Mitogenic activity was assayed by the ability to
      stimulate the increase in number of MTW9/PL2 cells over 4 d in Dulbecco's
      modified Eagle's medium containing only 15 mM HEPES, 2 mM glutamine, and 50
      micrograms/ml gentamicin. This growth-promoting activity was purified from
      ammonium sulfate precipitates of phosphate buffered saline extracts of porcine
      pituitaries using DEAE-Sepharose, chromatofocusing, molecular sieve
      chromatography and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. Pig
      pituitary mitogen (PPM) migrated as a single band at molecular weight 78,000 on
      sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, eluted from
      chromatofocusing at multiple pH values near 6.3, exhibited an absorption maximum
      at 465 nm which was diminished by removal of iron, showed a characteristic salmon
      pink color in aqueous solution, and was similar in amino acid composition to
      previously reported values for porcine transferrin. Purified PPM stimulated the
      growth of MTW9/PL2 cells with mitogenic potency (ED50 = 190 to 280 ng/ml) similar
      to commercially available human transferrin (ED50 = 160 to 350 ng/ml). We have
      concluded that using serum-free assay conditions with MTW9/PL2 cells, transferrin
      was a major source of the mitogenic activity present in extracts of porcine
      pituitary.

PMID- 3693254
TI  - Fatal hemolysis due to unidentified causes following mitral valve replacement
      with bileaflet tilting disc valve prosthesis.
AB  - Fatal hemolysis after mitral valve replacement with the St. Jude bileaflet
      tilting prosthesis is reported in two patients. Although one underwent re
      replacement of the valve, both died from multiple organ failure and acute renal
      failure, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy revealed microthrombi
      adherent to a leaflet in one and irregular leaflet surfaces in the other. Such
      defects are rare but are possible causes of hemolysis in patients with the St.
      Jude mitral valve prosthesis.

PMID- 3693255
TI  - Absent aortic valve with normally related great arteries.
AB  - A neonate with absent aortic valve associated with membranous mitral atresia and
      normally related great arteries is reported. The patient was a 3360-g boy and was
      transferred to our hospital 4 h after birth because of severe cyanosis and
      respiratory distress. Absent aortic valve associated with mitral atresia was
      diagnosed on echocardiography. The patient died 4 days later with congestive
      heart failure. Postmortem examination revealed the aortic valve and sinus of
      Valsalva to be totally absent. The mitral valve showed membranous atresia. Severe
      endocardial fibroelastosis of the left ventricle, which was mildly dilated, and
      bizarre trabeculation were seen. This is the first case report of an absent
      aortic valve with normally related great arteries.

PMID- 3693256
TI  - An infant with dilated cardiomyopathy confirmed as myocarditis by endomyocardial
      biopsy.
AB  - A case of an 11-month-old infant who was incidentally diagnosed as having
      myocarditis by right and left ventricular endomyocardial biopsy is reported. This
      patient was admitted because of heart failure. Chest X-ray showed cardiomegaly
      and an electrocardiogram revealed decreased voltage with right atrial and right
      ventricular overloading. A dilated left ventricle with poor ejection fraction was
      shown in an echocardiogram. Dilated cardiomyopathy was the initial diagnosis
      since there was no episode of preceding viral infection or evidence of an
      inflammatory process in routine laboratory investigations. However, the biopsy
      findings, including massive infiltration of inflammatory cells and myocyte
      degeneration, indicated myocarditis. To our knowledge, this is the youngest
      patient in whom myocarditis has been confirmed by endomyocardial biopsy.

PMID- 3693257
TI  - Influence of ventricular contractility on non-work-related myocardial oxygen
      consumption.
AB  - The relationship between myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) and the total
      pressure-volume area (PVA), which represents the total mechanical work performed
      during a cardiac cycle, has been shown to be linear and independent of loading
      conditions: MVO2 = aPVA + b. When inotropic state is enhanced, the MVO2-PVA
      relation shifts upward (increase in b), and when inotropic state is depressed the
      relation shifts downward (decrease in b). However, the quantitative relationship
      between contractility and b (the non-work-related myocardial oxygen consumption)
      determined over a wide range of contractilities is not known. In seven isolated
      blood perfused canine hearts, left ventricular (LV) contractility was increased
      by dobutamine and decreased with nifedipine or reduction of coronary blood flow.
      At each level of contractility, the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship
      (ESPVR) and the MVO2-PVA relation were determined. For each heart, the resulting
      values of b (ml O2/beat) were plotted as a function of Emax (mmHg/ml), an index
      of contractility defined as the slope of the ESPVR. There was a linear relation
      between Emax and b over a wide range of contractilities; on average, b (ml
      O2/beat) = 0.0036 Emax (mmHg/ml) + 0.0101 [r = 0.929-0.978 (95% confidence
      interval)], when Emax was varied over an average range of 2.8-9.6 mmHg/ml. These
      results suggest a common underlying determinant of contractility and non-work
      related oxygen consumption.

PMID- 3693258
TI  - Increased severity of acute myocardial ischemia in experimental atherosclerosis.
AB  - We investigated the effects of acute myocardial ischemia (MI) in a rabbit model
      of atherosclerosis to determine whether atherosclerosis augments the severity of
      damage produced in the ischemic myocardium. Normal rabbits were fed a control
      rabbit chow diet or a diet enriched with either 2% cholesterol or 0.5%
      cholesterol for 10-12 weeks prior to induction of MI. Plasma cholesterol
      concentrations in the cholesterol-fed rabbits were 1697 +/- 70 mg/dl (2%) and
      1056 +/- 51 mg/dl (0.5%) vs. 61 +/- 12 mg/dl for the non-cholesterol-fed rabbits.
      All rabbits were observed for 5 h following induction of MI or sham MI. At the
      conclusion of the experiment, tissue biopsies from the MI region and non-MI (NMI)
      regions were taken and analyzed for two indicators of the severity of MI-
      myocardial creatine kinase (CK) activity and free amino-nitrogen concentration.
      Atherosclerosis was confirmed histologically in coronary artery and aortic
      specimens. No difference was found among any group with respect to heart rate
      (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), or pressure-rate index (HR x
      MABP/1000, a measure of myocardial oxygen demand). Myocardial CK loss (NMI - MI)
      was significantly greater for the 2% and 0.5% cholesterol groups (7.3 +/- 1.3 and
      4.9 +/- 0.7 IU/mg protein, respectively, P less than 0.05) than in the
      nonatherosclerotic group (2.5 +/- 0.4 IU/mg protein; P less than 0.001 for 2% and
      P less than 0.01 for 0.5%). Increased severity of MI was confirmed by a
      significantly greater myocardial loss of free amino-nitrogen (NMI - MI) in the
      two atherosclerotic groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3693259
TI  - Reduction of infarct size following acute coronary occlusion by augmenting
      collateral blood supply induced by infusion of tricyclic antidepressants.
AB  - Previously, it has been shown that following occlusion of the left anterior
      descending artery (LAD) in cats, i.v. administration of tricyclic antidepressants
      (TCAD) significantly decreases the incidence of ventricular fibrillation (VF),
      which terminates spontaneously upon appearance. Furthermore, this treatment
      significantly decreases the size of the unperfused ventricular muscle (ischemic
      myocardium) from 44%-84% (mean 61%) to 17%-56% (mean 34%). This latter effect was
      demonstrated by using color demarcation of the perfused myocardium with the
      injection of a dye into the left atrium after 2 h of LAD occlusion in both
      control and treated cats. It was assumed that reduction of the unperfused area
      was due to an increase of collateral blood supply to the ischemic area. Although
      the beneficial effect of TCAD on the collateral blood supply has been clearly
      demonstrated in cats randomly assigned to two groups, the present study was
      designed to investigate the changes in the size of the ischemic area in the same
      animal by using two different dyes. Both dyes were injected into the left auricle
      after the LAD occlusion: The first was injected before the TCAD treatment and the
      second after the treatment. Two days after fixation in 4% formaldehyde, the
      hearts were sliced into three or four transverse sections. Examination of the
      sections indicated that there were three types of myocardial markings: (a)
      totally unperfused myocardium; (b) an area perfused by both colors; (c) an area
      perfused only by the second dye, indicating an increased collateral blood supply,
      the effectiveness of which was increased by the TCAD treatment.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3693260
TI  - Protective effect of coenzyme Q10 on thyrotoxic heart in rabbits.
AB  - An excess of thyroid hormone is known to produce cardiac dysfunction and failure,
      i.e., thyrotoxic heart. We studied the protective effect of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)
      on the thyrotoxic heart in 29 rabbits. A group treated with 1-thyroxine sodium
      salt (T4; 167 micrograms/kg) for 3 weeks showed marked decreases in the
      myocardial content of norepinephrine (NE) and ATP (0.5 +/- 0.2 microgram/g wet
      weight, P less than 0.05 and 31.1 +/- 2.6 nmol/mg protein, P less than 0.05,
      respectively) as compared with a group treated with CoQ10 solvent (2 ml/kg) for 3
      weeks (1.1 +/- 0.1 microgram/g wet weight and 45.7 +/- 4.7 nmol/mg protein). The
      mitochondrial Ca2+ content of the T4 group showed significant increases (21.3 +/-
      0.6 nmol/mg protein, P less than 0.05) compared with the solvent group (18.2 +/-
      0.8 nmol/mg protein), while the total tissue Ca2+ content of the T4 group was
      unchanged compared with the solvent group. These biochemical derangements suggest
      that T4-treated rabbits were in a state of cardiac dysfunction. In contrast, a
      group which was assigned to concomitant treatment of T4 and CoQ10 (5 mg/kg) for 3
      weeks showed no reductions in NE and ATP (0.9 +/- 0.2 micrograms/g wet weight and
      44.6 +/- 1.9 nmol/mg protein, respectively) and protected an increase in the
      mitochondrial Ca2+ content (18.2 +/- 1.2 nmol/mg protein). A group treated with
      CoQ10 (5 mg/kg) for 3 weeks showed no changes in myocardial NE, ATP, and Ca2+
      content in the mitochondria. These results suggest that exogenously administered
      CoQ10 may protect against biochemical derangements in the thyrotoxic heart.

PMID- 3693262
TI  - Intermittently stuck occluder: case report of an unusual complication with the
      use of an aortic Omniscience prosthesis.
AB  - An occluder which intermittently became stuck in the open position with
      concomitant aortic regurgitation was encountered in a patient subjected to an
      aortic valve replacement with a 23 Omniscience prosthetic valve. The patient was
      intermittently aware of the complete momentary disappearances of the valve
      sounds, the etiology of which could not be discerned. During fluoroscopic
      examination, the occluder became stuck for a few cardiac cycles in what appeared
      to be the fully open position before finally moving. Prosthetic valve malfunction
      was thus diagnosed. The emergency operation was successful. Operative findings
      revealed that a thin thrombus had developed in a curtain-like fashion on the left
      ventricular face of the prosthesis with mild tissue overgrowth along the
      perimeter of the valve. The Omniscience prosthesis was replaced with a 19-mm St.
      Jude Medical prosthesis, and the patient's postoperative course has been
      uneventful.

PMID- 3693261
TI  - Hemispheric TIA and amaurosis fugax: what is their relation to stenotic lesions
      of internal carotid artery?
AB  - We evaluated the correlation of clinical and echo-Doppler findings from the
      internal carotid artery (ICA) in 17 patients with amaurosis fugax (AF) and in 68
      patients with hemispheric TIA (H-TIA). In the study population as a whole,
      moderate stenoses (20%-49% diameter reduction) were the most prevalent finding in
      the symptomatic ICA, being detectable in 51.6% of cases. Total occlusions were
      found in an unexpectedly high percentage (7.5%). Asymptomatic ICAs, that were
      contralateral to the symptoms, showed the same degree of atherosclerotic
      involvement as the symptomatic ICAs. When we compared AF with H-TIA, we found a
      significantly higher prevalence of severe hemodynamically significant stenoses in
      the former (52.6% vs. 18.8%, chi-square test 10.85, P less than 0.05). Thus, we
      conclude that in the vast majority of patients with transient neurological
      symptoms a bilateral ICA involvement is to be expected. The side on which the
      symptoms occur does not indicate which ICA is more severely stenotic except in
      AF, where a severe involvement of the ipsilateral ICA is most likely.

PMID- 3693264
TI  - Profile of phaeochromocytoma in Chandigarh.

PMID- 3693263
TI  - Phaeochromocytoma--rare but not so rare.

PMID- 3693265
TI  - Coagulation factor and platelet defect.

PMID- 3693266
TI  - Flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopy as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool.

PMID- 3693268
TI  - Association of leprosy and tuberculosis.

PMID- 3693267
TI  - Effect of sublingual nifedipine on infarct size in acute myocardial infarction as
      determined by precordial ECG mapping.

PMID- 3693269
TI  - Essential fatty acids and cancer with particular reference to Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 3693270
TI  - Beneficial effect of essential fatty acids in cirrhosis of the liver.

PMID- 3693271
TI  - Hemiplegia in the young.

PMID- 3693272
TI  - Unilateral upperlimb oedema with ipsilateral tubercular axillary lymphadenitis
      and miliary tuberculosis.

PMID- 3693273
TI  - "Goldenhar syndrome"--association with congenital hemihypertrophy.

PMID- 3693274
TI  - "Torsade de Pointes" occurring in a case of fatal subarachnoid haemorrhage.

PMID- 3693275
TI  - Primary juvenile hypothyroidism with precocious puberty, galactorrhoea and
      multicystic ovaries.

PMID- 3693276
TI  - Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma in a young male.

PMID- 3693277
TI  - Phaeochromocytoma in the organ of Zuckerkandl.

PMID- 3693278
TI  - An unusual case of phaeochromocytoma.

PMID- 3693279
TI  - Magnesium, essential fatty acids and cardiovascular diseases.

PMID- 3693280
TI  - Serum levels of immunoglobulins in acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart
      disease.

PMID- 3693282
TI  - Acute renal failure in acute pancreatitis.

PMID- 3693281
TI  - QRS normalisation on exercise in pre-excitation syndrome.

PMID- 3693283
TI  - Adenosine deaminase activity in pleural fluid.

PMID- 3693284
TI  - Teaching stethoscope.

PMID- 3693286
TI  - Nuclear war--doctor's responsibility.

PMID- 3693285
TI  - Nuclear energy--and us.

PMID- 3693287
TI  - Cerebral venous thrombosis.

PMID- 3693288
TI  - Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1) in renal failure.

PMID- 3693289
TI  - The effect of relaxing exercise "shavasan".

PMID- 3693291
TI  - Plasma UBBC-B12 and transcobalamins.

PMID- 3693292
TI  - A case of subcutaneous calcification.

PMID- 3693290
TI  - Severe hypofibrinogenaemia after snake bite.

PMID- 3693293
TI  - Familial male pseudohermaphroditism with complete androgen insensitivity.

PMID- 3693294
TI  - Hereditary neuropathy with pressure palsy.

PMID- 3693295
TI  - Wegener's granulomatosis with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 3693297
TI  - Splenic abscess.

PMID- 3693296
TI  - Hepatic sequestration of red cells in sickle cell anaemia.

PMID- 3693298
TI  - Nalidixic acid in resistant shigella infection.

PMID- 3693299
TI  - Bardet-Biedl syndrome.

PMID- 3693300
TI  - Effect of metronidazole on serum lipids.

PMID- 3693301
TI  - Hemiplegia--a rare presentation in hypoglycaemia.

PMID- 3693303
TI  - Intermittent Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.

PMID- 3693302
TI  - Some problems of an Indian hospital.

PMID- 3693305
TI  - Diabetic lower cranial polyneuropathy.

PMID- 3693304
TI  - Doctors dilemma?

PMID- 3693306
TI  - Therapy related preleukemia/leukemia.

PMID- 3693307
TI  - Hemodynamic benefit of atrio-ventricular sequential pacing in patients with right
      ventricular myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3693308
TI  - Diagnostic evaluation of urinary indices in acute renal failure.

PMID- 3693309
TI  - A comparative study of acute haemolytic anaemia in patients of viral hepatitis in
      relation to erythrocyte glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.

PMID- 3693310
TI  - Chronic traumatic encephalopathy in boxers.

PMID- 3693311
TI  - Tear and blood glucose levels in diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3693312
TI  - Benign intracranial hypertension.

PMID- 3693313
TI  - Zinc phosphide poisoning.

PMID- 3693314
TI  - Pneumo-pericardium complicating amoebic liver abscess.

PMID- 3693315
TI  - Atypical filariasis.

PMID- 3693316
TI  - Phenytoin intoxication with activated seizure and dyskinesia.

PMID- 3693317
TI  - Limited Wegener's granulomatosis.

PMID- 3693318
TI  - Electromechanical dissociation induced by intravenous disopyramide.

PMID- 3693319
TI  - Chilaiditis's syndrome.

PMID- 3693320
TI  - Oesophageal spasm and cardiac pain.

PMID- 3693321
TI  - A simple version of an ophthalmoscope.

PMID- 3693322
TI  - Pan Masala--adverse effects.

PMID- 3693323
TI  - Left ventricular aneurysm in haemoglobin SC (sickle-C) disease.

PMID- 3693324
TI  - Essential fatty acids, free radicals, lymphokines and AIDS.

PMID- 3693325
TI  - Primary non Hodgkin lymphomas of the brain: radiological findings.

PMID- 3693326
TI  - [Spondylodiscitis in children. A well-known but often misjudged clinical and
      radiological picture].

PMID- 3693327
TI  - CT of the lungs.

PMID- 3693328
TI  - [Immobilization of the skull in precision radiotherapy. Description of a
      technic].

PMID- 3693329
TI  - Suicide risk prediction by computer interview: a prospective study.
AB  - A computer interview program that uses a subjective Bayesian probability model to
      assess suicide risk was evaluated. Predictions made by clinicians for 52 patients
      were compared with predictions made by the computer for the same patients. The
      computer was significantly (p = .001) better at predicting attempters, and
      clinicians were significantly (p = .01) better at predicting nonattempters. An
      analysis of receiver operating characteristic curves showed that the computer had
      better overall discrimination, but the difference was nonsignificant.

PMID- 3693330
TI  - Prognostic validity of self-report and interview measures of personality disorder
      in depressed inpatients.
AB  - Presence of personality disorders was assessed with the Structured Interview for
      the DSM-III Personality Disorders (SIDP) in a series of 78 nonpsychotic
      inpatients with major depression. Measures of severity of depression were
      administered at admission, at discharge, and 6 months after admission. Outcome
      for the depression was especially poor in patients meeting criteria for multiple
      personality disorders from multiple DSM-III clusters. A subgroup of 38 patients
      received both the SIDP interview and a self-report measure of personality
      disorder, the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire. Depressed inpatients who met
      more than the median number of personality disorder criteria by either measure
      were approximately half as likely to show improvement at discharge and at 6-month
      follow-up than were patients with less than the median number of criteria.

PMID- 3693331
TI  - Past and current thyroid function in subjects with panic disorder.
AB  - Disturbances in thyroid function can result in symptoms similar to those
      occurring in patients with anxiety disorders, especially panic disorder. An
      association between thyroid illness and panic and phobic disorders has been
      suggested, but few studies have directly investigated this issue. To assess this
      possible relationship, the authors measured indices of thyroid function in 165
      subjects who had a current DSM-III diagnosis of panic disorder, either with or
      without phobic avoidance. These subjects reported a higher prevalence of thyroid
      illness by history compared with the prevalence of thyroid illness in the general
      population; however, less than 1% of all subjects had current thyroid
      dysfunction. The presence of a major depressive episode (MDE) was unrelated to
      current thyroid function, although subjects with MDE reported a higher prevalence
      of thyroid disease by history. Indices of thyroid function were not correlated
      with the severity of panic attacks or phobias.

PMID- 3693332
TI  - Psychiatric aspects of Hansen's disease (leprosy).
AB  - Hansen's disease or leprosy is a major worldwide public health problem that has
      profound psychological effects on its victims. This paper is the first systematic
      study of psychiatric patients with Hansen's disease in 30 years and the first to
      use current diagnostic criteria. Because the incidence of Hansen's disease
      appears to be rising, the implications of psychiatric diagnosis in Hansen's
      disease patients and treatment considerations for the future are discussed.

PMID- 3693333
TI  - Pretreatment dexamethasone suppression test as a predictor of response to
      phenelzine.
AB  - Twenty inpatients who met Research Diagnostic Criteria and DSM-III criteria for
      depression underwent a 2-week washout period before the administration of a
      pretreatment dexamethasone suppression test (DST); the patients then received the
      monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) phenelzine. The mean MAO inhibition level
      achieved during treatment was greater than 80%. On the basis of clinical global
      evaluation and changes in Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression scores, 7 of the 9
      baseline DST suppressors were classified as responders, 1 as a partial responder,
      and 1 as a nonresponder; of the 11 baseline DST nonsuppressors, 3 were
      responders, 1 a partial responder, and 7 nonresponders. The Mann-Whitney U test
      yielded p less than .02, indicating that an abnormally high pretreatment level of
      cortisol in response to the DST appeared to be predictive of nonresponse to
      phenelzine.

PMID- 3693335
TI  - A case of catatonia induced by bacterial meningoencephalitis.
AB  - A 51-year-old man with renal cell carcinoma developed lethargy, disorientation,
      and fever; shortly thereafter, he had several episodes of sudden-onset catatonia.
      He was found to have bacterial meningoencephalitis and frontal lobe EEG
      abnormalities. Treatment with antibiotic and phenytoin was started, and the
      catatonic episodes subsided. The authors emphasize the need for a diligent
      investigation of all possible causes of sudden-onset catatonic syndrome and
      recommend that bacterial meningoencephalitis be added to the list of differential
      diagnoses of acute catatonia.

PMID- 3693334
TI  - Attention deficit disorder and pathological gambling.
AB  - To examine the possibility that pathological gambling is related to the deficits
      in impulse control associated with attention deficit disorder, 14 pathological
      gamblers and 16 controls were administered questionnaires concerning their
      childhood behaviors. These self-reports indicated a strong correlation between
      pathological gambling and childhood behaviors related to attention deficit
      disorder.

PMID- 3693336
TI  - Triazolam-induced brief episodes of secondary mania in a depressed patient.
AB  - Large doses of triazolam repeatedly induced brief episodes of mania in a
      depressed elderly woman. Features of organic mental disorder (delirium) were not
      present. Manic excitement was coincident with the duration of action of
      triazolam. The possible contribution of the triazolo group to changes in
      affective status is discussed.

PMID- 3693337
TI  - Imipramine and tinnitus.

PMID- 3693338
TI  - Alprazolam in treating secondary depression.

PMID- 3693339
TI  - Effectiveness of neuroleptics on behavioral symptoms in disturbed elderly
      patients.

PMID- 3693340
TI  - Desipramine and weight gain.

PMID- 3693341
TI  - MAOI reaction with powdered protein dietary supplement.

PMID- 3693342
TI  - Inhibition of the Na+/Ca2+ antiport of heart mitochondria by
      diethylpyrocarbonate.
AB  - Diethylpyrocarbonate inhibits Na+/Ca2+ antiport activity in isolated heart
      mitochondria. The inhibition is time-dependent with maximum activity developed
      after 5 min at 25 degrees C. The reaction of diethylpyrocarbonate with the
      mitochondrial membrane is biphasic with 25-30 nmol mg-1 reacting rapidly and an
      additional 30 nmol mg-1 taken up slowly over a 30-min incubation. Inhibition of
      mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ antiport by diethylpyrocarbonate decreases the Vmax of the
      reaction, and the inhibition cannot be reversed by washing the mitochondria or
      addition of excess histidine. The inhibition occurs at levels of inhibitor that
      have little or no effect on Ca2+ uptake, Na+/H+ antiport, or succinate
      respiration. A portion of the Na+-dependent efflux of Ca2+ is insensitive to
      diethylpyrocarbonate and this component is abolished by diltiazem. The mechanism
      by which diethylpyrocarbonate inactivates Na+/Ca2+ antiport is still uncertain,
      but may involve the modification of an unprotonated histidine residue in the
      transporter.

PMID- 3693343
TI  - Measurements of K+-driven Cl- uptake in thylakoids: inhibition of uptake by
      antibodies raised to the major polypeptides of the Cl(-)-efflux active
      particle(s).
AB  - The mechanism of a K+-driven Cl- accumulation against a concentration gradient
      was investigated by flow dialysis after addition of K+-Hepes. Non-specific
      chloride binding, measured in the presence of choline-Hepes, accounted for
      approximately 50% of the observed uptake in this system. The K+-Hepes-driven Cl-
      uptake was inhibited by poly-l-lysine and by two antibodies raised to the major
      polypeptides of the Cl(-)-efflux active particle. Poly-l-lysine had no effect on
      Cl- binding estimated with choline-Hepes.

PMID- 3693344
TI  - Involvement of transferrin in the reduction of iron by the transplasma membrane
      electron transport system.
AB  - Nonpermeable electron acceptors can be reduced by a transplasma membrane electron
      transport system in suspensions of intact cells. Here we report that diferric
      transferrin is reduced by HeLa S3 cells. The reduction is recorded
      spectrophotometrically as the formation of the ferrous complex of
      bathophenanthroline disulfonate. Ferric ammonium citrate can also be used as an
      electron acceptor and the presence of low concentrations of diferric transferrin
      greatly stimulates the reduction of trivalent iron under these conditions.
      Likewise very low concentrations of ferricyanide, which does not give rise to a
      ferrous bathophenanthroline disulfonate complex formation, have a strong
      stimulatory effect on the complex formation when ferric ammonium citrate is the
      source of ferric iron. Apotransferrin is a potent inhibitor of the reaction. The
      inhibition occurs at the concentration necessary for complete occupancy of the
      transferrin receptors. The inhibition can be demonstrated also when high
      concentrations of ferricyanide are used as electron acceptor. The possible
      mechanism behind the reported phenomena is discussed, and it is concluded that
      the transplasma membrane electron transport system can be involved in the process
      of cellular iron uptake.

PMID- 3693345
TI  - Control of mitochondrial Ca2+ retention by ADP-stimulated glutamic dehydrogenase.
AB  - The protective effect of ADP on unspecific Ca2+ release and collapse of the
      transmembrane potential was analyzed in mitochondria from kidneys of rats. The
      presence of ADP in the incubation mixture prevents Ca2+ leakage and collapse of
      delta psi in sucrose-containing medium, but fails to do so in KCl medium. The
      effect of the adenine nucleotide in sucrose media correlates with an increase in
      the level of reduced pyridine nucleotides; the increase was due to a stimulatory
      effect on the activity of glutamic dehydrogenase. It also was observed that in
      KCl media, in the presence and in the absence of ADP the rate of NADH oxidation
      through the respiratory chain was higher than in sucrose; in this latter medium a
      high level of reduced pyridine nucleotides was found, in comparison to KCl media.
      It is proposed that the role of ADP is to increase glutamic dehydrogenase
      activity and in consequence to provoke a higher rate of formation of NADH which
      in turn controls Ca2+ release.

PMID- 3693346
TI  - Protein-lipid interactions in membrane.

PMID- 3693347
TI  - Monitoring of the mitochondrial and plasma membrane potentials in human
      fibroblasts by tetraphenylphosphonium ion distribution.
AB  - The lipophilic cation tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP+) is accumulated by human skin
      fibroblasts across both the plasma and mitochondrial membranes. We show here that
      TPP+ uptake is indeed greatly decreased under conditions leading to de
      energization of mitochondria. The TPP+ accumulation in the presence of the proton
      ionophore FCCP has been used for determination of the plasma membrane potential
      across the plasma membrane, after correction for potential-independent binding of
      TPP+ to cellular components. Following this procedure, a value of 75 mV has been
      obtained. Through the amount of TPP+ released by FCCP treatment, an estimate of
      the in situ mitochondrial membrane potential has been made. Furthermore, we
      report that the mitochondrial component of TPP+ accumulation decreases with aging
      of fibroblast cultures.

PMID- 3693348
TI  - Transferrin mRNA level in the mouse mammary gland is regulated by pregnancy and
      extracellular matrix.
AB  - We have isolated an almost full length cDNA to transferrin from a mouse mammary
      tumor virus-induced tumor cDNA library. On Northern blots of RNA isolated from
      liver and mammary glands, the cDNA hybridized to a single band of 2.4 kilobases.
      The authenticity of the probe is shown further by 83% sequence homology to human
      cDNA and identical amino acid sequence to a small cDNA probe isolated from a
      mouse liver library. The level of transferrin mRNA is very low in the glands from
      virgin mice, but is as abundant in the glands from pregnant and lactating mice as
      in the liver. We further show that the steady-state transferrin mRNA level in
      culture is relatively insensitive to lactogenic hormones compared to that of beta
      casein mRNA. Culturing the cells on extracellular matrix, however, markedly
      affects its expression. These findings raise the possibility that the composition
      of the basement membrane in the mammary gland may play a role in regulation of
      transferrin levels in vivo.

PMID- 3693349
TI  - Enzymatic synthesis of cyclosporin A.
AB  - An enzyme fraction, isolated from crude extracts of the fungus Tolypocladium
      inflatum, strain 7939/F, is able to synthesize the undecapeptide cyclosporin A.
      The formation of cyclosporin A was monitored by incorporation of the radiolabeled
      constituent amino acids of cyclosporin A or by using S-adenosyl-L-[14C-methyl]
      methionine. The structure of cyclosporin A, synthesized enzymatically in vitro,
      was confirmed by chromatographic comparison with the authentic compound and by
      amino acid analyses. Replacement of L-2-aminobutyric acid in the reaction mixture
      by L-alanine, L-threonine, L-valine, or L-norvaline yields the naturally
      occurring cyclosporins B, C, D, and G. Also, D-alanine could be replaced by D
      serine to yield [D-Ser8]cyclosporin A.

PMID- 3693350
TI  - Chromogranin A-like proteins in the secretory granules of a protozoan, Paramecium
      tetraurelia.
AB  - The ciliate protozoan Paramecium tetraurelia produces secretory granules
      (trichocysts) which release needle-like structures composed of small, acidic
      proteins. Using antibodies against isolated chromogranin A (CGA) and against
      trichocyst proteins, we found cross-reactive proteins in chromaffin granules and
      trichocysts. Four independently derived sera against isolated CGA stained bands
      of the Mr 15,000-25,000 family of trichocyst proteins on immunoblots. A positive
      response was also obtained with antiserum against chemically synthesized peptides
      (PL26 and GE25) corresponding to defined regions of the CGA amino acid sequence.
      In extracts of whole Paramecium, larger proteins (Mr 53,000 and 49,000) also
      reacted with antibodies against CGA and the related synthetic peptides. These
      larger proteins may represent unprocessed precursors to the smaller proteins of
      mature trichocysts. Antiserum to trichocysts recognized CGA in chromaffin granule
      lysates. Further evidence of a Paramecium protein related to CGA was provided by
      hybridization of Paramecium mRNA with cloned cDNA for bovine CGA. Our results
      suggest striking conservation in evolution of CGA-like proteins that may play
      some role, as yet unknown, in secretion.

PMID- 3693351
TI  - Characterization of a cDNA clone encoding a basic protein, TP2, involved in
      chromatin condensation during spermiogenesis in the mouse.
AB  - A cDNA clone encoding a small cysteine and serine-rich basic protein has been
      isolated from a mouse testis cDNA library. This cDNA clone encodes the mouse
      homologue of a protein involved in the initial phases of condensation of
      chromatin during spermiogenesis in rats, TP2, based on similarities in the
      sequence of the carboxyl terminus, composition, molecular weight, and
      electrophoretic mobility. Mouse TP2 can be divided into a highly basic domain
      comprising about one-third of the polypeptide chain at the carboxyl terminus and
      a much less basic domain comprising the remaining two-thirds at the amino
      terminus. The 5' end of the mouse TP2 mRNA contains two in-phase initiation
      codons both of which may be used generating two polypeptides which differ in
      length at the amino terminus. Southern blots demonstrate that there is a single
      copy of the TP2 gene in the mouse genome and Northern blots demonstrate that the
      polyadenylated TP2 mRNA is present at high and essentially equal levels in early
      and late haploid cells, and that it is virtually absent from meiotic cells.

PMID- 3693352
TI  - Influence of stereochemistry of the sequence Arg-Gly-Asp-Xaa on binding
      specificity in cell adhesion.
AB  - Peptides containing the tripeptide sequence Arg-Gly-Asp can duplicate or inhibit
      the cell attachment-promoting effects of fibronectin and vitronectin. Peptides
      analogous to a prototype peptide, Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro-Cys, the sequence of
      which was taken from the cell attachment site of fibronectin, were assayed for
      their relative abilities to inhibit the attachment of cells to a fibronectin or
      vitronectin substrate. A peptide having the L-Arg residue replaced with D-Arg
      showed no difference in this capacity, whereas substituting Gly with D-Ala or L
      Asp with D-Asp resulted in completely inactive peptides. Replacement of L-Ser
      with D-Ser drastically reduced the influence that the resulting peptide had on
      the vitronectin interaction, but this peptide showed little difference in its
      effect on the binding of cells to fibronectin when compared with the prototype
      peptide. Furthermore, substitution of the Ser with L-Asn resulted in a peptide
      that had an apparent increased preference for the fibronectin receptor and
      decreased preference for the vitronectin receptor. Conversely, threonine in this
      position gave a peptide with increased preference for the vitronectin receptor,
      whereas L-Pro in this position gave a completely inactive peptide. Finally, by
      cyclicizing the prototype peptide to restrict its conformational flexibility, a
      peptide was obtained that was a much improved inhibitor of attachment of cells to
      vitronectin and yet nearly inactive with respect to the interactions of cells
      with fibronectin substrates. These studies lend support to the hypothesis that
      different Arg-Gly-Asp-directed adhesion receptors can recognize differences in
      the conformation and environment of the Arg-Gly-Asp tripeptide, and they
      establish the feasibility of obtaining synthetic probes that are more selective
      for individual receptors than are the peptides modeled after the natural
      sequences of adhesive extracellular matrix molecules.

PMID- 3693353
TI  - Identification of the major Mr 100,000 substrate for calmodulin-dependent protein
      kinase III in mammalian cells as elongation factor-2.
AB  - The major substrate for Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase III in mammalian
      cells is a species of Mr 100,000 that has a primarily cytoplasmic localization.
      This substrate has now been identified as elongation factor-2 (EF-2), a protein
      that catalyzes the translocation of peptidyl-tRNA on the ribosome. The amino acid
      sequence of 18 residues from the N-terminal of the Mr 100,000 CaM-dependent
      protein kinase III substrate purified from rat pancreas was found to be identical
      to the N-terminal sequence of authentic rat EF-2 as previously deduced from
      nucleic acid sequencing of a cDNA (Kohno, K., Uchida, T., Ohkubo, H., Nakanishi,
      S., Nakanishi, T., Fukui, T., Ohtsuka, E., Ikehara, M., and Okada, Y. (1986)
      Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83, 4978-4982). CaM-dependent protein kinase III
      phosphorylated EF-2 in vitro with a stoichiometry of approximately 1 mol/mol on a
      threonine residue. Amino acid sequencing of the purified tryptic phosphopeptide
      revealed that this threonine residue lies within the sequence: Ala-Gly-Glu-Thr
      Arg-Phe-Thr-Asp-Thr-Arg (residues 51-60 of EF-2). The Mr 100,000 protein was
      stoichiometrically ADP-ribosylated in vitro by the addition of diphtheria toxin
      and NAD. The Mr 100,000 protein was photoaffinity labeled with a GTP analog and
      the protein had an endogenous GTPase activity that could be stimulated by the
      addition of salt-washed ribosomes. These properties are all characteristic of EF
      2. Dephospho-EF-2 could support poly(U)-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis in a
      reconstituted elongation system when combined with EF-1. In the same system,
      phospho-EF-2 was virtually inactive in supporting polypeptide synthesis; this
      effect could be reversed by dephosphorylation of phospho-EF-2. These results
      suggest that intracellular Ca2+ inhibits protein synthesis in mammalian cells via
      CaM-dependent protein kinase III-catalyzed phosphorylation of EF-2.

PMID- 3693354
TI  - The relation of predicted structure to observed conformation and activity of
      glucagon analogs containing replacements at positions 19, 22, and 23.
AB  - Six new analogs of glucagon have been synthesized containing replacements at
      positions 19, 22, and 23. They were designed to study the correlation between
      predicted conformation in the 19-27 segment of the hormone and the conformation
      calculated from circular dichroism measurements and the observed activation of
      adenylate cyclase in the liver membrane. The analogs were [Val19]glucagon,
      [Val22]glucagon, [Glu23]glucagon, [Val19,Glu23]glucagon, [Glu22,Glu23]glucagon,
      and [Ala22,Ala23]glucagon. The structures predicted for the 19-27 segment ranged
      from strongly alpha helical to weakly beta sheet. The observed conformations
      varied as functions of amino acid composition, solvent, concentration, pH, and
      temperature but did not correlate well with prediction. There was, however, a
      correlation between predicted structure and activation of adenylate cyclase in
      rat liver membranes.

PMID- 3693355
TI  - Isolation and sequence determination of cDNA clones for porcine and human
      lipoamide dehydrogenase. Homology to other disulfide oxidoreductases.
AB  - A 2.3-kilobase cDNA clone encoding lipoamide dehydrogenase was isolated from a
      porcine adrenal medulla library in the vector pCD by screening with four
      synthetic oligonucleotide probes corresponding to amino acid sequence from
      tryptic peptides of porcine lipoamide dehydrogenase. A 450-bp fragment of the
      porcine cDNA was used to screen a human small cell lambda gt10 library at reduced
      stringency. Overlapping human cDNA clones of various lengths were isolated, the
      largest of which was again 2.3 kilobases in length. Sequencing of both porcine
      and human cDNAs revealed a short 5'-untranslated region followed by 1530-bp of
      coding region and 700 bp of 3'-untranslated region preceding a poly(A) tail. The
      porcine cDNA displayed coding regions corresponding to the known tryptic peptides
      and a 35-amino acid leader sequence involved in targeting of the protein to the
      mitochondria. The human lipoamide dehydrogenase cDNA is 96% identical to the
      porcine at the amino acid level. Alignment of the deduced amino acid sequence of
      human lipoamide dehydrogenase with human erythrocyte glutathione reductase and
      mercuric reductase from Tn501 revealed extensive homologies throughout the
      primary sequence, suggesting that secondary and tertiary structure is also
      similar among these three enzymes.

PMID- 3693356
TI  - Glucocorticoid receptor phosphorylation, transformation, and DNA binding.
AB  - Glucocorticoid receptors were isolated by immunoadsorption from cytosol of L
      cells that were cultured for 18 h in the presence of [32P]orthophosphate, and the
      phosphorylation state of the receptor was examined before and after
      transformation to the DNA-binding state. Temperature-mediated transformation of
      the glucocorticoid receptor under cell-free conditions results in no change in
      receptor size or degree of phosphorylation. When cytosol containing transformed
      receptors is incubated with DNA-cellulose, 30-50% of the receptors are able to
      bind to DNA and the remainder do not bind to DNA. Both the heated receptors that
      bind to DNA and the receptors that do not bind to DNA are phosphorylated to the
      same degree. When intact cells containing 32P-labeled receptors are incubated for
      2 h at 0 degree C with triamcinolone acetonide and then for 20 min at 37 degrees
      C in the presence of the hormone, 80% of the receptor becomes tightly associated
      with the nucleus in a manner that is both temperature-dependent and ligand
      dependent. Approximately 80% of the nuclear-bound receptor is extracted with 0.4
      M NaCl. Both the cytosolic receptor from cells incubated at 0 degree C and the
      salt-extracted nuclear receptor from cells incubated at 37 degrees C have been
      resolved by immunoadsorption to protein A-Sepharose with the BuGR1 monoclonal
      antibody and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, followed
      by immunoblotting and autoradiography of the immunoblots. In addition, direct
      measurements of the amounts of 32P contained per unit of receptor protein were
      performed for receptors transformed both in the intact cell and in cell-free
      lysates. The results demonstrate that the untransformed receptor and the nuclear
      bound transformed receptor are labeled with 32P to the same extent.

PMID- 3693357
TI  - Regulation of cytosolic free calcium in fura-2-loaded rat parotid acinar cells.
AB  - In order to analyze the factors regulating agonist-stimulated Ca2+ mobilization,
      cytosolic free [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]i) was measured directly in fura-2-loaded rat
      parotid acinar cells. Stimulation of muscarinic receptors by carbachol produced a
      dose-dependent rise in [Ca2+]i. In the presence of external Ca2+, the initial
      transient rise was followed by a maintained elevation. The maintained elevation
      is dependent on the presence of external Ca2+. Removal of Ca2+ by addition of
      EGTA caused a rapid decline in [Ca2+]i back to base line. In the absence of
      external Ca2+, only an initial transient peak in [Ca2+]i was seen which then
      declined to base line; the maintained elevation in [Ca2+]i could then be evoked
      by addition of Ca2+ in the continued presence of carbachol. Muscarinic receptor
      occupation by carbachol is required to maintain the elevated level of [Ca2+]i;
      addition of the muscarinic antagonist, atropine, caused [Ca2+]i to decline back
      to the basal level. The maintained elevation in [Ca2+]i, but not the initial
      transient peak, can also be blocked by Ni2+ but was unaffected by the organic
      Ca2+ antagonists. Total substitution of external Na+ with the impermeant cation,
      N-methyl-D-glucamine, had no effect on either the initial or the maintained
      response to carbachol; however, total substitution of Na+ with K+ attenuated the
      maintained response while not affecting the initial peak. Refilling of the
      intracellular Ca2+ store was also studied and found to take place in the absence
      of agonist and with no substantial elevation in [Ca2+]i. These experiments also
      showed that not all of the intracellular vesicular Ca2+ stores can be released by
      agonists. From these results, we propose a model for the regulation of [Ca2+]i.

PMID- 3693358
TI  - Characterization of a Drosophila cDNA clone that encodes a 252-amino acid non
      muscle tropomyosin isoform.
AB  - We report here the isolation and DNA sequence of a cDNA clone encoding a 252
      amino acid non-muscle or cytoskeletal tropomyosin (cTm) isoform from Drosophila.
      The Drosophila cTm shows considerable homology with vertebrate cTm throughout the
      middle portion of the molecule. The amino-terminal end of the molecule, however,
      shows less homology and contains five more amino acids than the equine platelet
      and human tropomyosins. There is also a proline at position 6 in the Drosophila
      protein. The carboxyl-terminal 27 amino acids also show little homology with
      vertebrate non-muscle tropomyosins. This is a region of the molecule that shows
      considerably diversity among other Drosophila tropomyosins and vertebrate
      tropomyosins. A comparison of the DNA sequence of the cTm cDNA and a previously
      reported muscle tropomyosin II cDNA sequence shows regions of identical DNA
      sequence alternating with regions of nonidentical sequence, suggesting that both
      mRNAs are produced by alternate splicing of the same gene.

PMID- 3693359
TI  - Coordinate expression of piretanide receptors and Na+,K+,Cl- cotransport activity
      in Madin-Darby canine kidney cell mutants.
AB  - Two receptor sites for [3H]piretanide, a sulfamoylbenzoic acid loop diuretic,
      have been identified in intact Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, an epithelial
      cell line derived from dog kidney. The two receptor sites differed in their
      affinity for piretanide (KD1 = 2.1 +/- 1.4 nM and KD2 = 264 +/- 88 nM) and the
      maximal number of sites (Bmax1 = 11 +/- 4 and Bmax2 = 120 +/- 80 fmol/mg of
      protein). Madin-Darby canine kidney cells are known to possess a tightly coupled
      and highly cooperative Na+,K+,Cl- cotransporter which is sensitive to loop
      diuretics. Under ionic conditions identical to those used to study piretanide
      binding (30 mM Na+, 30 mM K+, 30 mM Cl-), the Ki for inhibition of the initial
      rate of 86Rb+ uptake by piretanide was 333 +/- 92 nM, a value not significantly
      different from the KD of the low affinity receptor site. [3H]Piretanide binding
      to three low K+-resistant mutants derived from this cell line was also studied.
      These mutants had been previously characterized as being partially or completely
      defective in Na+,K+,Cl- cotransport activity (McRoberts, J. A., Tran, C. T., and
      Saier, M. H., Jr. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 12320-12326). One of these mutants
      had undetectable levels of Na+,K+,Cl- cotransport activity and low to
      undetectable levels of specific piretanide binding. The second mutant had low but
      measurable levels of cotransport activity (11% of the wild-type levels) and
      displayed very low affinity (KD approximately 8000 nM) specific piretanide
      binding. In the third mutant, expression of Na+,K+,Cl- cotransport activity and
      both piretanide receptors was cell density-dependent. Subconfluent to just
      confluent cultures of this mutant lacked detectable cotransport activity as well
      as specific piretanide binding, whereas very dense cultures displayed both
      piretanide receptors and had intermediate to nearly normal levels of cotransport
      activity. These results demonstrate that the Na+,K+,Cl- cotransporter is a
      receptor for loop diuretics, but they also raise questions about the functional
      significance of the two piretanide receptor sites.

PMID- 3693360
TI  - Characterization of the major hydroperoxide-reducing activity of human plasma.
      Purification and properties of a selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase.
AB  - We have recently characterized the major hydroperoxide-reducing enzyme of human
      plasma as a glutathione peroxidase (Maddipati, K. R., Gasparski, C., and Marnett,
      L. J. (1987) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 254, 9-17). We now report the purification
      and kinetic characterization of this enzyme. The purification steps involved
      ammonium sulfate precipitation, hydrophobic interaction chromatography on phenyl
      Sepharose, anion exchange chromatography, and gel filtration. The purified
      peroxidase has a specific activity of 26-29 mumol/min/mg with hydrogen peroxide
      as substrate. The human plasma glutathione peroxidase is a tetramer of identical
      subunits of 21.5 kDa molecular mass as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and is different from human erythrocyte
      glutathione peroxidase. The plasma peroxidase is a selenoprotein containing one
      selenium per subunit. Unlike several other glutathione peroxidases this enzyme
      exhibits saturation kinetics with respect to glutathione (Km for glutathione =
      4.3 mM). The peroxidase exhibits high affinity for hydroperoxides with Km values
      ranging from 2.3 microM for 13-hydroperoxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid to 13.3
      microM for hydrogen peroxide at saturating glutathione concentration. These
      kinetic parameters are suggestive of the potential of human plasma glutathione
      peroxidase as an important regulator of plasma hydroperoxide levels.

PMID- 3693361
TI  - The relationship between lysosomal enzyme release and protein phosphorylation in
      human monocytes stimulated by phorbol esters and opsonized zymosan.
AB  - Since it was established that phorbol esters bind to and activate protein kinase
      C, a proposed mechanism of action for these compounds has been the
      phosphorylation of specific protein substrates (Niedel, J. E., Kuhn, L. J., and
      Vandenbark, G. R. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80, 36-40; Castagna, M.,
      Takai, Y., Kaibuchi, K., Sano, K., Kikkawa, U., and Nishizuka, Y. (1982) J. Biol.
      Chem. 257, 7847-7851). To better understand this proposed relationship, we
      investigated the ability of a series of phorbol esters to elicit lysosomal enzyme
      release (LER) and specific substrate phosphorylation in human monocytes. In this
      system, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate stimulated the secretion of the lysosomal
      enzyme N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase in both a time- and concentration
      dependent manner. Furthermore, the ability of a series of phorbol esters to
      stimulate LER was characterized and found to be in good agreement with the
      relative order of these compounds to stimulate the phosphorylation of four
      endogenous protein substrates. Phorbol ester-stimulated protein phosphorylation
      was examined in intact cell preparations and found to be concentration and
      structure-dependent. The phosphoproteins (pp) were designated pp28, pp55, pp61,
      and pp66 corresponding to their molecular masses in kilodaltons. These findings
      are consistent with the hypothesis that phorbol ester-mediated effects are the
      result of protein kinase C activation and subsequent protein phosphorylation.
      Finally, opsonized zymosan was found to elicit a concentration-dependent
      stimulation of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase release similar in magnitude and
      time course to phorbol ester-stimulated LER. Opsonized zymosan also stimulated
      the phosphorylation of two phosphoproteins (pp61 and pp66) in a concentration
      dependent manner. Specific phosphorylation of pp61 and pp66 by both
      secretagogues, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and opsonized zymosan, suggests
      these two proteins may be key to the functional response of LER in human
      monocytes.

PMID- 3693362
TI  - Cholesterol synthesis in rat liver peroxisomes. Conversion of mevalonic acid to
      cholesterol.
AB  - The key regulatory enzyme of cholesterol, dolichol, and isopentenyl adenosine
      biosynthesis, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase)
      is a 97-kilodalton transmembrane glycoprotein which was believed until recently
      to reside exclusively in the endoplasmic reticulum of mammalian cells. However,
      several recent publications have shown that the enzyme in liver cells is present
      not only in the endoplasmic reticulum but also within peroxisomes. In an effort
      to clarify the role of peroxisomal HMG-CoA reductase, highly purified (95%) rat
      liver peroxisomes from cholestyramine-treated rats were incubated with RS-[2
      14C]mevalonic acid plus cytosolic proteins and then tested for the presence of
      newly synthesized cholesterol. For comparison, highly purified microsomes from
      the same liver preparation were incubated at several protein concentrations under
      the same conditions. A three-step procedure was employed to resolve the newly
      synthesized cholesterol from the complex mixture of sterol intermediates in
      cholesterol biosynthesis. After termination of the reaction and addition of a
      [3H]cholesterol standard, the incubation products were extracted and separated by
      thin layer chromatography into a number of fractions. The fraction containing C
      27 sterols was further resolved by reverse-phase high pressure liquid
      chromatography. After acetylation, the products were then separated by silicic
      acid high pressure liquid chromatography. Confirmation of the identity of newly
      synthesized cholesterol was obtained by recrystallization with added non
      radioactive cholestenyl acetate standard. The results indicate that highly
      purified rat liver peroxisomes are able to convert mevalonic acid to cholesterol
      in the presence of cytosolic fraction in vitro. An abstract of these results has
      been published (Krisans, S. K., Thompson, S. L., Burrows, R., and Laub, R. J.
      (1986) J. Cell Biol. 103, 525 (abstr.).

PMID- 3693363
TI  - Extracellular Na+ dependence of changes in free Ca2+, 45Ca2+ efflux, and total
      cell Ca2+ produced by angiotensin II in cultured arterial muscle cells.
AB  - Angiotensin II (ANG II) evoked a rapid efflux of 45Ca2+ which was largely, but
      not completely, prevented by the removal of extracellular Na+. ANG II had little,
      if any, effect on a fast component of 45Ca2+ uptake, although the hormone
      increased a slow component of 45Ca2+ uptake by 2.5-fold. ANG II decreased total
      cell Ca2+ by about 40% within 1 min of hormone addition. The replacement of
      extracellular Na+ with N-methyl-D-glucamine or K+ nearly prevented ANG II from
      decreasing total cell Ca2+. ANG II caused a 5-fold increase in free Ca2+ which
      reached a peak about 10 s after hormone addition. Free Ca2+ decreased rapidly
      from the peak to a plateau phase which lasted for several min. Free Ca2+ during
      the plateau phase was about 1.5 times the basal level. Removing extracellular Na+
      caused a more than 2-fold increase in the free Ca2+ concentration that was
      maintained during the plateau phase, and Na+, added during the plateau phase,
      rapidly decreased free Ca2+. These findings suggest that the transient nature of
      the increase in free Ca2+ produced by ANG II is due in part to a net efflux of
      Ca2+ which is largely dependent on external Na+ and probably mediated by Na+/Ca2+
      exchange.

PMID- 3693364
TI  - Differential regulation of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis by 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and diacylglycerol in NG108-15 neuroblastoma x
      glioma hybrid cells.
AB  - 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a tumor promoter and potent activator
      of protein kinase C, stimulates [3H]choline incorporation into
      phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) in NG108-15 cells (Liscovitch, M., Freese, A.,
      Blusztajn, J. K. and Wurtman, R. J. (1986) J. Neurochem. 47, 1936-1941). In the
      present study we demonstrate that two cell-permeant diacylglycerols, sn-1-oleoyl
      2-acetylglycerol and sn-1,2-dioctanoylglycerol, also stimulate [3H]choline
      incorporation into PtdCho. However, the effect of diacylglycerol is additional to
      that produced by a maximally effective concentration of TPA (0.5 microM),
      suggesting that the two agents may not act via the same mechanism. In addition,
      the protein kinase inhibitor 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine
      dihydrochloride (at 200 microM) inhibits the action of TPA by 59% while not
      affecting that of diacylglycerol. Finally, preincubation of the cells with TPA
      (0.1 microM) for 24 h reduces protein kinase C activity in the cells and
      completely abolishes the effect of additional TPA on choline incorporation. In
      contrast, diacylglycerol-induced stimulation of PtdCho biosynthesis was not
      inhibited in the cells that were desensitized to TPA. These results suggest that
      the effect of the two cell-permeant diacylglycerols on PtdCho biosynthesis either
      is not mediated by protein kinase C activation, or, is mediated by a TPA
      insensitive isoenzyme of protein kinase C.

PMID- 3693365
TI  - Purine triphosphate beta-gamma bond hydrolysis requirements for RNA polymerase II
      transcription initiation and elongation.
AB  - RNA polymerase II-specific transcription requires, in addition to auxiliary
      protein factors, the hydrolysis of the beta-gamma phosphate bond of ATP. The
      nonhydrolyzable analog of ATP, imidoadenosine triphosphate does not suffice for
      specific in vitro transcription (Bunick, D., Zandomeni, R., Ackerman, S., and
      Weinmann, R. (1982) Cell 29, 877-886), although it can be incorporated into RNA.
      The experiments presented here suggest two energy-dependent steps in RNA
      polymerase II transcription. One of these steps is required at, or close to, the
      point of initiation, as determined by 5' end primer extension analysis. In vitro
      transcription occurs efficiently in vitro when imidoadenosine triphosphate is
      supplemented with dATP to fulfill the energy requirement. In the presence both of
      imidoadenosine triphosphate and imidoguanosine triphosphate, the concentration of
      dATP required for transcription initiation is dramatically increased. This
      suggests that ATP and GTP are co-substrates in transcription initiation,
      supporting the role of protein kinase II in this process (Zandomeni, R.,
      Zandomeni, M. C., Shugar, D., and Weinmann, R. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 3414
      3419). The concentration of dATP required for maximal initiation is inadequate
      for the production of full-length transcripts, suggesting a second energy
      dependent step in the RNA elongation process. Since the elongation step is
      unaffected by the presence of imidoguanosine triphosphate, GTP beta-gamma
      phosphate bond hydrolysis appears to be required only for initiation.

PMID- 3693367
TI  - Derivatization of the human erythrocyte glucose transporter using a novel
      forskolin photoaffinity label.
AB  - An iodinated photoaffinity label for the glucose transporter, 3-iodo-4
      azidophenethylamido-7-O-succinyldeacetyl-forskolin (IAPS-forskolin), has been
      synthesized, purified, and characterized. The I50 for inhibition of 3-O
      methylglucose transport in red blood cells by IAPS-forskolin was found to be 0.05
      microM. The carrier free radioiodinated label is a highly specific photoaffinity
      label for the human erythrocyte glucose transporter. Photolysis of erythrocyte
      membranes (ghosts) and purified glucose transporter preparations with 1-2 nM
      [125I]IAPS-forskolin and analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis showed specific derivatization of a broad band with an apparent
      molecular mass of 40-70 kDa. Photoincorporation into erythrocyte membranes using
      2 nM [125I]IAPS-forskolin was protected with D-glucose (I50 400 mM), cytochalasin
      B (I50 0.5 microM), and forskolin (I50 10 microM). No protection was observed
      with L-glucose (600 mM). Endo-beta-galactosidase digestion of [125I] IAPS
      forskolin-labeled ghosts and purified transporter resulted in a dramatic
      sharpening of the specifically radiolabeled transporter to 40 kDa. Trypsinization
      of [125I]IAPS-forskolin-labeled ghosts and purified transporter reduced the
      specifically radiolabeled transporter to a sharp peak at 18 kDa. [125I]IAPS
      forskolin will be a useful tool to study the structural aspects of the glucose
      transporter.

PMID- 3693366
TI  - Plasma cholesteryl ester-triglyceride transfer protein. The catalytic domain is a
      low molecular weight proteolipid.
AB  - The lipid transfer protein complex (LTC) isolated from human plasma by
      immunoaffinity chromatography transfers cholesteryl esters (CE), triglycerides,
      and phosphatidylcholine (PC) between lipoproteins in vitro. The molecular weight
      of this lipid transfer catalyst in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels was
      65,000. When resolved on a gel filtration column by high performance liquid
      chromatography (HPLC), LTC was composed of fractions of high (greater than
      150,000) to low (18,000) molecular weight, although sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of each fraction revealed bands at Mr
      65,000 (major) and 52,000 (minor). The CE and triglyceride transfer activity of
      the low Mr HPLC fraction (1049 nmol of triglyceride/mg/h and 244 nmol of CE/mg/h)
      was significantly greater than that of the high Mr HPLC fraction (15-27 nmol of
      triglyceride/mg/h and 20-30 nmol of CE/mg/h). The PC transfer activity of the
      HPLC fractions was not determined. LTC proteins were separated by dialysis in
      acidified chloroform:methanol solution into dialysand and dialysate proteins. The
      dialysate contained a low Mr proteolipid, designated the catalytic domain Cd,
      which catalyzed CE and triglyceride transfer at equivalent rates (11.0 versus 9.5
      mumol/mg/h, respectively). PC transfer activity was approximately 10% of these
      levels (1.5 mumol/mg/h). The dialysand consisted of a protein, designated the
      transfer protein TP, which facilitated CE (3.4 mumol/mg/h) preferentially over
      triglyceride and PC (1.0 mumol/mg/h) transfer, and a catalytically inactive
      protein, designated the heparin-binding domain Hd. We propose a model of the LTC
      protein (based on catalytic activities, monoclonal antibody reactivities, and
      heparin-binding capacities of the isolated proteins) in which both Hd
      (approximately 13 kDa) and Cd (approximately 3 kDa) originate from a single lipid
      transfer protein, TP.

PMID- 3693368
TI  - Acetaldehyde increases collagen gene transcription in cultured human fibroblasts.
AB  - Acetaldehyde, the first metabolite of ethanol, mediates many of the biological
      effects of ethanol. We have previously shown that acetaldehyde, but not ethanol,
      stimulates collagen production in cultured human fibroblasts (Holt, K., Bennett,
      M., and Chojkier, M. (1984) Hepatology 4, 843-848). Here, we examined the effects
      of acetaldehyde on collagen gene expression. Confluent human fetal fibroblasts
      were incubated for up to 4 h in the presence of ascorbate (0.2 mM) alone or with
      the addition of either ethanol (12 mM) or acetaldehyde (200 microM). Acetaldehyde
      induced the production of collagen (up to 2.5-fold) and had a small inhibitory
      effect on procollagen secretion (-20%). The steady-state levels of mRNAs were
      measured by hybridizing total cellular RNA to specific cDNA probes at high
      stringency. Acetaldehyde increased the steady-state level of collagen alpha 1(I)
      and collagen alpha 2(I) mRNAs about 3-fold and had small effects on beta-actin
      mRNA (+50%) and collagenase mRNA (-50%). Northern blots revealed that the RNAs
      were intact and that acetaldehyde preferentially increased the abundance of the
      longer of the two collagen alpha 1(I) transcripts. Acetaldehyde increased both
      collagen alpha 1(I) and collagen alpha 1(III) transcriptional activity by 2.5
      fold and had small effects on beta-actin and collagenase gene transcription. The
      increase in both collagen production and collagen mRNA levels induced by
      acetaldehyde was blocked by methylene blue, a scavenger of reducing equivalents.
      These data indicate that reducing equivalents, which enhance the formation and
      stability of acetaldehyde-protein adducts, may be required for acetaldehyde
      stimulated collagen production. Thus, this study suggests that acetaldehyde
      increases collagen production by increasing collagen gene transcription in
      cultured human fibroblasts.

PMID- 3693369
TI  - Effects of low pH on influenza virus. Activation and inactivation of the membrane
      fusion capacity of the hemagglutinin.
AB  - The hemagglutinin of influenza virus undergoes a conformational change at low pH,
      which results in exposure of a hydrophobic segment of the molecule, crucial to
      expression of viral fusion activity. We have studied the effects of incubation of
      the virus at low pH either at 37 or 0 degrees C. Treatment of the virus alone at
      pH 5.0 induces the virus particles to become hydrophobic, as assessed by
      measuring the binding of zwitterionic liposomes to the virus. At 37 degrees C
      this hydrophobicity is transient, electron microscopic examination of the virus
      reveals a highly disorganized spike layer, and fusion activity toward ganglioside
      containing zwitterionic liposomes, measured at 37 degrees C with a kinetic
      fluorescence assay, is irreversibly lost. By contrast, after preincubation of the
      virus alone at pH 5.0 and 0 degrees C fusion activity remains unaffected. Yet,
      the preincubation at 0 degrees C does result in exposure of the hydrophobic
      segment of hemagglutinin, but now hydrophobicity is sustained and viral spike
      morphology unaltered. Hydrophobicity also remains to a significant extent upon pH
      neutralization, but fusion activity is negligible under these conditions. It is
      concluded that for optimal expression of fusion activity the virus must be bound
      to the target membrane before exposure to low pH. Furthermore, even after
      exposure of the hydrophobic segment of hemagglutinin, fusion occurs only at low
      pH. Finally, fusion occurs only at elevated temperature, possibly reflecting the
      unfolding of hemagglutinin trimers or the cooperative action of several
      hemagglutinin trimers in the reaction.

PMID- 3693370
TI  - Complete primary structure of the rat cartilage proteoglycan core protein deduced
      from cDNA clones.
AB  - We have obtained overlapping cDNA clones for the entire coding sequence of the
      rat cartilage proteoglycan core protein from the Swarm rat chondrosarcoma. These
      cDNAs hybridize to two sizes of RNA transcripts of 8.2 and 8.9 kilobase pairs,
      which contain large 3'-untranslated sequences. The total contiguous cDNA is 6.55
      kilobase pairs in size, and codes for a 2124-residue protein, including a 19
      residue signal peptide. The sequence forms a series of eight structural domains
      including two globules, (Mr = 37,000 and 22,000) at the NH2 terminus of the
      molecule, one a complete and one a partial copy of the cartilage link protein.
      The major feature of the deduced protein sequence is a 1,104-residue segment
      containing 117 Ser-Gly sequences, the presumed chondroitin sulfate attachment
      sites. These are arranged in three domains of 428, 503, and 173 amino acids. The
      first domain contains 11 complete or partial repeats of a 40-residue unit, and
      the second domain is composed of six copies of a 100-residue repeating sequence.
      The first pattern is the more highly conserved, and may have given rise to the
      second. The carboxyl-terminal domain is a third globule which has homology with
      animal lectins.

PMID- 3693371
TI  - Cartilage proteoglycan aggregates. The link protein and proteoglycan amino
      terminal globular domains have similar structures.
AB  - Cartilage proteoglycan aggregates contain two components (proteoglycan monomer
      and link protein) which interact with each other and with hyaluronic acid. Data
      from amino acid sequence analysis are presented that shows that a domain of the
      proteoglycan, the hyaluronic acid binding region, which interacts with link
      protein and hyaluronic acid is very similar to link protein in terms of its
      primary structure. However, the pattern of glycosylation in the hyaluronic acid
      binding region is different from that found in link protein. After removal of N
      linked oligosaccharides, the tryptically prepared hyaluronic acid binding region
      from rat chondrosarcoma has a mass by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis analysis of 43 +/- 2 kDa. The COOH-terminal two-thirds of rat
      chondrosarcoma link protein, starting at residue 105, has 41.3% identity with a
      similar region in the hyaluronic acid binding region. We show that, in addition
      to the hyaluronic acid binding region, proteoglycan contains another region with
      similarity to the two repeating loop structures in the COOH-terminal two-thirds
      of link protein. This presumably corresponds to the second globular domain
      reported in rotary shadowing studies of cartilage proteoglycans. We have deduced
      the positions of all of the disulfide bonds in the hyaluronic acid binding region
      and find them to be in the same positions as would be expected from comparison of
      these sequences with link protein.

PMID- 3693372
TI  - Measurements of cross-sectional area of collagen structures (knee ligaments) by
      means of an optical method.
AB  - Measurement methods of cross-sectional area of collagen tissues and structures,
      so far chosen, are critically reviewed. A new optical method, founded on section
      outline plotting, by which it is easy to compute the cross-sectional area, is
      suggested and shown in particular. Experimental results, achieved by applying the
      method to the measurement of bovine knee ligament sections, are reported; these
      results are compared with those taken from samples coming from the same
      ligaments.

PMID- 3693373
TI  - In vitro compression of a soft tissue layer on a rigid foundation.
AB  - In vitro compression studies have been performed on layers of porcine skin and
      fat. The tissue layers have been loaded by means of various indentors. Indentor
      displacements and interstitial fluid pressures have been measured. The results
      have been compared to finite element calculations with mixture elements. A
      qualitative agreement between calculations and measurements is found. The results
      support the hypothesis that skin and fat behave like solid/fluid mixtures.

PMID- 3693374
TI  - Finite element model of heat flow in biological tissue undergoing laser
      irradiation.
AB  - In this paper we present a numerical method to determine thermal effects in
      biological tissue undergoing laser irradiation. The scattering and absorption of
      the laser beam have been analysed. Results are compared with experimental
      observations.

PMID- 3693375
TI  - Dynamic back movement measured using a three-dimensional television system.
AB  - A technique for the measurement of rotational human back movements in three
      dimensions has been developed. The spatial coordinates of reflective markers on
      rigs attached to the back surface were calculated using a calibrated
      television/computer system. A mathematical analysis of the change in these
      coordinates, as subjects performed set manoeuvres, was developed to provide
      unique descriptions of the rotational movements in terms of clinical angles
      related to anatomical frames of reference. The technique produced angles of
      rotation with maximum errors about any axis of +/- 2 degrees, with a root mean
      square error of less than 1 degree. The analysis of back movements using surface
      markers was shown to be feasible from studies of six volunteers who demonstrated
      consistent patterns of movement which were similar to previously reported
      patterns of spinal movement measured radiographically.

PMID- 3693376
TI  - The influence of running velocity and midsole hardness on external impact forces
      in heel-toe running.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of midsole hardness
      and running velocity on external impact forces in heel-toe running. Fourteen
      subjects were assessed with a force platform and high speed film while running at
      speeds of 3, 4, 5 and 6 m s-1. The result showed that running velocity does
      influence external impact force peaks (linear connection) and that midsole
      hardness does not influence magnitude and loading rate of the external vertical
      impact forces. Changes in kinematic and kinetic data can be used to explain this
      result mechanically. However, the neuromuscular control mechanisms to keep
      external impact forces constant are not known.

PMID- 3693377
TI  - Automatic localization of anatomical landmarks on the back surface and
      construction of a body-fixed coordinate system.
AB  - A method for automatic measurement of anatomical landmarks on the back surface is
      presented. The landmarks correspond to the verteba prominens, the dimples of the
      posterior superior iliac spines and the sacrum point (beginning of rima ani),
      which are characterized by distinct surface curvature. The surface curvatures are
      calculated from rasterstereographic surface measurements. The procedure of
      isolating a region of interest for each landmark (surface segmentation) and the
      calculation of the landmark coordinates are described in detail. The accuracy of
      landmark localization was tested with serial rasterstereographs of 28 patients
      (with moderate idiopathic scoliosis). From the results the intrinsic accuracy of
      the method is estimated to be little more than 1 mm (depending on the sampling
      density of the surface measurement). Therefore, the landmarks may well be used
      for the objective definition of a body-fixed reference coordinate system. The
      accuracy is, however, dependent on the specific landmark and a minor influence of
      posture variations is observed.

PMID- 3693378
TI  - Movement of the human pelvis and displacement of related anatomical landmarks on
      the body surface.
AB  - Anatomical landmarks on the body surface can be measured with high accuracy by
      using rasterstereography and surface curvature analysis. The present study shows
      that the lumbar dimples can be localized with a statistical error of about 1 mm.
      It is generally assumed that the dimples are in close relation to the pelvis (in
      particular to the PSISs) and may thus be taken as indicators for pelvis
      movements. By introducing an artificial pelvis tilt of up to +/- 10 degrees this
      relation was examined. In fact, a nearly perfect correlation (r approximately
      equal to 0.99) between landmark and pelvis movements was observed. Asymmetries of
      pelvis motion due to scoliotic deformity were not observed. There was, however, a
      systematic lag of the dimple movements, resulting in a displacement of the
      dimples of up to +/- 1.5 mm relative to the pelvis (for +/- 10 degrees pelvis
      tilt). Either a soft tissue effect or a torsion of the pelvis may be responsible
      for this behaviour. The theory of pelvis torsion is confirmed by the fact that
      the orientation of the back surface at the locus of the dimples reveals a
      corresponding torsion of similar magnitude and sign. A torsion angle of about +/-
      1.5 degrees in either sacro-iliac joint is sufficient to explain the observed
      dimple lag and the surface torsion. An independent measurement (e.g. using
      roentgenphotogrammetry) would be desirable to further validate this theory.
      According to our measurements the dimples of the PSISs cannot be taken as exact
      indicators for orientation and movement of the pelvis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3693380
TI  - Kinetic analysis of the center of gravity of the human body in normal and
      pathological gaits.
AB  - The kinetics of the body's center of gravity during level walking were analyzed
      in 50 normal subjects and 47 patients. The three-dimensional displacements of the
      center of gravity were computed by the integration of force plate data. The
      energy levels and the power requirements of the center of gravity were also
      calculated, and the average and standard deviation of these variables were
      determined for normal and pathological gaits. The sex-related variation in normal
      gait, as suggested by previous force plate studies, was clearly demonstrated in
      our study. The parameters obtained from the displacements and the energy
      variations of the center of gravity are considered useful in the evaluation of
      stability and efficiency for pathological gaits.

PMID- 3693379
TI  - Elastic properties of cancellous bone: measurement by an ultrasonic technique.
AB  - The high degree of porosity of cancellous bone makes elastic property measurement
      difficult by traditional mechanical testing methods. An ultrasonic technique is
      described with which mechanical properties of anisotropic, rigid, porous
      materials, such as cancellous bone, can be measured. The technique utilizes
      unique piezoelectric transducers operated in a continuous wave mode at a
      frequency of approximately 50 kHz. Both longitudinal and shear waves can be
      propagated and received with the transducers allowing both Young's moduli and
      shear moduli to be determined with the technique. A comparison between moduli
      measured with the ultrasonic technique and moduli measured with traditional
      mechanical testing shows the new method to be quite accurate in elastic property
      determination, (r2 = 0.935, Emech = 1.00E1dt + 23.3 MPa) (r2 = 0.656, Gmech =
      1.08 Gult--3.3MPa).

PMID- 3693381
TI  - A three-dimensional investigation of temporomandibular joint loading.
AB  - A mathematical model of the muscle groups applied to the human mandible is
      developed to study the forces developed on the condyles during maximum unilateral
      occlusion. The results show that the reaction forces are in approximately a 2:1
      ratio with the balancing side condyle carrying the greater load. Furthermore, the
      direction in which these condylar reactions occur is presented.

PMID- 3693382
TI  - The influence of surface area on the in vitro cytotoxicity of a range of dental
      materials.
AB  - In the toxicity testing of dental materials the quantity of material used may
      have a profound influence on the biological response obtained. This was
      investigated in vitro by assessing the cytotoxicity of equal volumes of nine
      materials in artificial cavities of three different diameters, chosen to cover
      the range found in vivo. With seven materials there was a significant increase in
      toxicity with increasing surface area. The pattern of response of different
      materials within specific groups was fairly uniform. The degree of toxicity of
      the test materials relative to controls was also investigated. From the data
      obtained it is apparent that the maximum cavity diameter appropriate for the
      material under test must be considered when evaluating the toxicity of dental
      materials.

PMID- 3693383
TI  - Blood hemolysis by PTFE and polyurethane vascular prostheses in an in vitro
      circuit.
AB  - In order to improve understanding of the appearance of bright yellow stains in
      vivo (consecutive to the absorption of bilirubin) on a novel microporous,
      hydrophilic polyetherurethaneurea vascular prosthesis, the in vitro hemolytic
      activity of the material was compared with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene and
      silicone rubber. The results show that the tendency of the polyetherurethaneurea
      to produce free hemoglobin is low, so that the yellow staining observed is likely
      to be a result of the contact between the polymer and thrombi: Bilirubin is
      produced because of hemoglobin degradation in the thrombi rather than an active
      hemolysis on the surface of the prosthesis itself.

PMID- 3693384
TI  - Short-term cell-attachment rates: a surface-sensitive test of cell-substrate
      compatibility.
AB  - Mechanisms of cell deposition from a sessile liquid phase and adherence to
      various plastic substrates have been investigated by measurement of short-term
      (less than 120 min) cell-attachment rates. Sigmoidal attachment-rate curves were
      fit with a three-parameter variant of a logistic equation to quantify parameters
      related to initial rate and equilibrium-adherence. For substrates on which cell
      adhesion was low, initial rates were estimated from slopes of linear best-fit
      equations. Average variations in adherence parameters for three cell lines, MDCK
      (epithelioid), VERO, and AHL-1 (fibroblastic) to tissue-culture grade polystyrene
      dishes were less than 10% (standard-error-of-mean/mean X 100) over extended
      periods of more than two months, so that attachment measurements could be
      repetitively applied with the same cell stocks continuously subcultured in the
      laboratory. Developed techniques were applied to a variety of plastics and the
      results tabulated. Comparison of adherence parameters for ionomer and
      polyethylene films, both with and without adsorbed fetal-bovine-serum proteins,
      demonstrated that surface carboxyl groups were important in protein adsorption
      and cellular adherence. Attachment rates of MDCK to polystyrene were dependent on
      starting cell number whereas equilibrium adherence did not vary significantly
      over a wide range of inoculum concentrations. It was concluded from theoretical
      considerations that initial rates of MDCK attachment were sensitive to and
      dependent on electrostatic barriers to formation of close substrate contacts
      whereas equilibrium-adherence levels were controlled by short-range forces such
      as interfacial energies and formation of receptor-ligand complexes.

PMID- 3693385
TI  - Release of corrosion products by F-75 cobalt base alloy in the rat. III: Effects
      of a carbon surface coating.
AB  - A pyrolytic carbon coating was applied to F-75 chromium-cobalt-molybdenum alloy
      in an effort to reduce the release of corrosion products in vivo. After
      intramuscular implantation in the rat, a complex pattern of serum and urine
      concentration elevations of chromium, cobalt, and nickel was seen. The carbon
      coated implants released more chromium and cobalt than uncoated controls, as seen
      by significantly elevated metal concentrations in serum and urine. Animals
      receiving carbon-coated implants showed a high rate of recurrent implant site
      inflammation. Neoplastic infiltration of 24 animals with coated implants, but not
      in any of the 16 animals which received either uncoated F-75 microsphere or
      poly(ethylene) particulate implants.

PMID- 3693386
TI  - Controlled release using a new bioerodible polyphosphazene matrix system.
AB  - Polyphosphazenes possess polymer backbones consisting of nitrogen and phosphorous
      formally separated by alternating single and double bonds. Their potential for
      biomedical applications stems from the fact that polymers with a wide array of
      properties can be synthesized using the same starting compound,
      poly(dichlorophosphazene), through changes in side chain substituents, and that
      many of these compounds synthesized have been found to biodegrade to harmless
      products. In this article, studies of a novel monolithic bioerodible
      polyphosphazene matrix system for controlled drug delivery are presented.
      Poly(imidazole methylphenoxy)phosphazene is synthesized and shown to be
      bioerodible. The versatility of drug delivery devices fabricated using this
      polymer is shown through studies of release of macro-molecules and low molecular
      weight drugs. Initial histological evaluations of this particular polyphosphazene
      are also presented.

PMID- 3693387
TI  - Intraocular biocompatibility of hydroxyethyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid
      copolymer/partially hydrolyzed poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate).
AB  - A strip of partially hydrolyzed poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) containing 65%
      75% H2O was implanted into the anterior eye chamber of 11 Chinchilla rabbits. No
      pathological changes were found in the iris or in the ciliary body. The
      pathological findings in the cornea accompanying implantation of a hydrogel strip
      to the anterior chamber were rare and not significant. The low occurrence of the
      foreign body giant multinucleate cells was observed on the implant surface 6
      months after the implantation. Favorable properties of this hydrogel depend
      probably on its high water and acidic groups content.

PMID- 3693388
TI  - SEM-EPMA observation of three types of apatite-containing glass-ceramics
      implanted in bone: the variance of a Ca-P-rich layer.
AB  - The progressive changes of a Ca-P-rich layer between bone and three types of
      apatite-containing glass-ceramics of the same chemical composition: MgO 4.6, CaO
      44.9, SiO2 34.2, P2O5 16.3, CaF2 0.5 (in weight ratio) were examined. Plates (15
      mm X 10 mm X 2 mm, mirror surface) containing apatite (35 wt%) (designated A-GC),
      apatite (35 wt%) and wollastonite (40 wt%) (designated A.W-GC), and apatite (20
      wt%), wollastonite (55 wt%), and whitlockite (15 wt%) (designated A.W.CP-GC) were
      prepared. They were implanted into the tibia of mature male rabbits for 5 days,
      10 days, 20 days, 30 days, 60 days, 6 months, and 12 months. All three types of
      glass-ceramics showed direct bonding to the bone 30 days after implantation. It
      was observed by SEM-EPMA 30 days after implantation that Si and Mg content
      decreased, P content increased, and Ca content did not change across the reactive
      zone from the glass-ceramics to bone. The level of P and Si in the A.W.CP-GC
      changed five days after implantation. In A.W-GC and A-GC, a little change in P
      and Si levels was observed between 10 and 20 days after implantation. The width
      of reactive zone was narrowest with A-GC, wider with A.W-GC, and widest with
      A.W.CP-GC. The dissolution of glass-ceramics stopped 6 months after implantation.
      This phenomenon shows that the glass-ceramics may be suitable for clinical use.

PMID- 3693389
TI  - Nonrandom chromosome arrangements in germ line nuclei of Sciara coprophila males:
      the basis for nonrandom chromosome segregation on the meiosis I spindle.
AB  - Meiosis I in males of the Dipteran Sciara coprophila results in the nonrandom
      distribution of maternally and paternally derived chromosome sets to the two
      division products. Based on an earlier study (Kubai, D.F. 1982. J. Cell Biol.
      93:655-669), I suggested that the meiosis I spindle does not play a direct role
      in the nonrandom sorting of chromosomes but that, instead, haploid sets are
      already separated in prophase nuclei well before the onset of spindle formation.
      Here I report more direct evidence that this hypothesis is true; this evidence
      was gained from ultrastructural reconstruction analyses of the arrangement of
      chromosomes in germ line nuclei (prophase nuclei in spermatogonia and
      spermatocytes) of males heterozygous for an X-autosome chromosome translocation.
      Because of this translocation, the maternal and paternal chromosome sets are
      distinguishable, so it is possible to demonstrate that (a) the two haploid
      chromosome sets occupy distinct maternal and paternal nuclear compartments and
      that (b) nuclei are oriented so that the two haploid chromosome sets have
      consistent relationships to a well-defined cellular axis. The consequences of
      such nonrandom aspects of nuclear structure for chromosome behavior on premeiotic
      and meiotic spindles are discussed.

PMID- 3693390
TI  - Neurite outgrowth on cryostat sections of innervated and denervated skeletal
      muscle.
AB  - To localize factors that guide axons reinnervating skeletal muscle, we cultured
      ciliary ganglion neurons on cryostat sections of innervated and denervated adult
      muscle. Neurons extended neurites on sections of muscle (and several other
      tissues), generally in close apposition to sectioned cell surfaces. Average
      neurite length was greater on sections of denervated than on sections of
      innervated muscle, supporting the existence of functionally important differences
      between innervated and denervated muscle fiber surfaces. Furthermore, outgrowth
      was greater on sections of denervated muscle cut from endplate-rich regions than
      on sections from endplate-free regions, suggesting that a neurite outgrowth
      promoting factor is concentrated near synapses. Finally, 80% of the neurites that
      contacted original synaptic sites (which are known to be preferentially
      reinnervated by regenerating axons in vivo) terminated precisely at those
      contacts, thereby demonstrating a specific response to components concentrated at
      endplates. Together, these results support the hypothesis that denervated muscles
      use cell surface (membrane and matrix) molecules to inform regenerating axons of
      their state of innervation and proximity to synaptic sites.

PMID- 3693391
TI  - Biosynthesis, membrane association, and release of N-CAM-120, a
      phosphatidylinositol-linked form of the neural cell adhesion molecule.
AB  - The neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) of rodents comprises three distinct
      proteins of Mr 180,000, 140,000, and 120,000 (designated N-CAM-180, -140, and 
      120). They are expressed in different proportions by different tissues and cell
      types. but the individual contribution of each form to cell adhesion is presently
      unknown. Previous studies have shown that the two N-CAM species of higher
      relative molecular mass span the membrane whereas N-CAM-120 lacks a transmembrane
      domain and can be released from the cell surface by phosphatidylinositol-specific
      phospholipase C. In this report, we provided evidence that N-CAM-120 contained
      covalently bound phosphatidylinositol and studied N-CAM-120 from its biosynthesis
      to its membrane insertion and finally to its release from the cell surface.
      Evidence was presented showing that the lipid tail of N-CAM-120 contained
      ethanolamine as is the case for other lipid-linked molecules. The phospholipid
      anchor was attached to the protein during the first minutes after completion of
      the polypeptide chain. This process took place in the endoplasmic reticulum as
      judged from endoglycosidase H digestion experiments. Immediately after a 2-min
      pulse with [35S]methionine, we detected also a short-lived precursor that had not
      yet acquired the lipid tail. Pulse-chase studies established that N-CAM-120 was
      transported to the cell surface from which it was slowly released into the
      extracellular milieu. The molecules recovered in the incubation medium appeared
      to have lost all of their bound fatty acid but only around half of the
      ethanolamine. Upon fractionation of brain tissue, approximately 75% of N-CAM-120
      was recovered with a membrane fraction and approximately 25% in a membrane-free
      supernatant. A small proportion (approximately 6%) was found to be resistant to
      extraction by non-ionic detergent. A major posttranslational modification of N
      CAM is polysialylation. Our results showed that also N-CAM-120 was polysialylated
      in the young postnatal brain and released in this form from cultured cerebellar
      cells. The presence of N-CAM in a form that can be released from the cell surface
      and accumulates in the extracellular fluid suggests a novel mechanism by which N
      CAM-mediated adhesion may be modulated.

PMID- 3693393
TI  - Basement membrane structure in situ: evidence for lateral associations in the
      type IV collagen network.
AB  - To determine molecular architecture of the type IV collagen network in situ, the
      human amniotic basement membrane has been studied en face in stereo relief by
      high resolution unidirectional metal shadow casting aided by antibody decoration
      and morphometry. The appearance of the intact basement membrane is that of a thin
      sheet in which there are regions of branching strands. Salt extraction further
      exposes these strands to reveal an extensive irregular polygonal network that can
      be specifically decorated with gold-conjugated anti-type IV collagen antibody. At
      high magnification one sees that the network, which contains integral (9-11 nm
      net diameter) globular domains, is formed in great part by lateral association of
      monomolecular filaments to form branching strands of variable but narrow
      diameters. Branch points are variably spaced apart by an average of 45 nm with
      4.4 globular domains per micron of strand length. Monomolecular filaments (1.7-nm
      net diameter) often appear to twist around each other along the strand axis; we
      propose that super helix formation is an inherent characteristic of lateral
      assembly. A previous study (Yurchenco, P. D., and H. Furthmayr. 1984.
      Biochemistry. 23:1839) presented evidence that purified murine type IV collagen
      dimers polymerize to form polygonal arrays of laterally as well as end-domain
      associated molecules. The architecture of this polymer is similar to the network
      seen in the amnion, with lateral binding a major contributor to each. Thus, to a
      first approximation, isolated type IV collagen can reconstitute in vitro the
      polymeric molecular architecture it assumes in vivo.

PMID- 3693392
TI  - Amphibian neural crest cell migration on purified extracellular matrix
      components: a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan inhibits locomotion on fibronectin
      substrates.
AB  - The ability of purified extracellular matrix components to promote the initial
      migration of amphibian neural crest (NC) cells was quantitatively investigated in
      vitro. NC cells migrated avidly on fibronectin (FN), displaying progressively
      more extensive dispersion at increasing amounts of material incorporated in the
      substrate. In contrast, dispersion on laminin substrates was optimal at low
      protein concentrations but strongly reduced at high concentrations. NC cells were
      unable to migrate on substrates containing a high molecular mass chondroitin
      sulfate proteoglycan (ChSP). When proteolytic peptides, representing isolated
      functional domains of the FN molecule, were tested as potential migration
      substrates, the cell binding region of the molecule (105 kD) was found to be as
      active as the intact FN. A 31-kD heparin-binding fragment also stimulated NC cell
      migration, whereas NC cells dispersed to a markedly lower extent on the isolated
      collagen-binding domain (40 kD), or the latter domain linked to the NH2-terminal
      part of the FN molecule. Migration on the intact FN was partially inhibited by
      antibodies directed against the 105- and 31-kD fragments, respectively;
      dispersion was further decreased when the antibodies were used in combination.
      Addition of the ChSP to the culture medium dramatically perturbed NC cell
      migration on substrates of FN, as well as of 105- or 31-kD fragments. However,
      preincubation of isolated cells or substrates with ChSP followed by washing did
      not affect NC cell movement. The use of substrates consisting of different
      relative amounts of ChSP and the 105-kD peptide revealed that ChSP counteracted
      the motility-promoting activity of the 105-kD FN fragment in a concentration
      dependent manner also when bound to the substrate. Our results indicate that NC
      cell migration on FN involves two separate domains of the molecule, and that ChSP
      can modulate the migratory behavior of NC cells moving along FN-rich pathways and
      may therefore influence directionally and subsequent localization of NC cells in
      the embryo.

PMID- 3693394
TI  - Immunocytolocalization of extensin in developing soybean seed coats by immunogold
      silver staining and by tissue printing on nitrocellulose paper.
AB  - In soybean seed coats the accumulation of the hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein
      extensin is regulated in a developmental and tissue-specific manner. The time
      course of appearance of extensin during seed development was studied by Western
      blot analysis and by immunogold-silver localization. Using these techniques
      extensin was first detected at 16-18 d after anthesis, increasing during
      development to high levels at 24 d after anthesis. Immunogold-silver localization
      of extensin in the seed coat showed marked deposition of the glycoprotein in the
      walls of palisade epidermal cells and hourglass cells. The immunolocalization of
      extensin in developing soybean seeds was also made by a new technique--tissue
      printing on nitrocellulose paper. It was found that extensin is primarily
      localized in the seed coat, hilum, and vascular elements of the seed.

PMID- 3693395
TI  - Import of rat ornithine transcarbamylase precursor into mitochondria: two-step
      processing of the leader peptide.
AB  - The mitochondrial matrix enzyme ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) is synthesized
      on cytoplasmic polyribosomes as a precursor (pOTC) with an NH2-terminal extension
      of 32 amino acids. We report here that rat pOTC synthesized in vitro is
      internalized and cleaved by isolated rat liver mitochondria in two, temporally
      separate steps. In the first step, which is dependent upon an intact
      mitochondrial membrane potential, pOTC is translocated into mitochondria and
      cleaved by a matrix protease to a product designated iOTC, intermediate in size
      between pOTC and mature OTC. This product is in a trypsin-protected mitochondrial
      location. The same intermediate-sized OTC is produced in vivo in frog oocytes
      injected with in vitro-synthesized pOTC. The proteolytic processing of pOTC to
      iOTC involves the removal of 24 amino acids from the NH2 terminus of the
      precursor and utilizes a cleavage site two residues away from a critical arginine
      residue at position 23. In a second cleavage step, also catalyzed by a matrix
      protease, iOTC is converted to mature OTC by removal of the remaining eight
      residues of leader sequence. To define the critical regions in the OTC leader
      peptide required for these events, we have synthesized OTC precursors with
      alterations in the leader. Substitution of either an acidic (aspartate) or a
      "helix-breaking" (glycine) amino acid residue for arginine 23 of the leader
      inhibits formation of both iOTC and OTC, without affecting translocation. These
      mutant precursors are cleaved at an otherwise cryptic cleavage site between
      residues 16 and 17 of the leader. Interestingly, this cleavage occurs at a site
      two residues away from an arginine at position 15. The data indicate that
      conversion of pOTC to mature OTC proceeds via the formation of a third discrete
      species: an intermediate-sized OTC. The data suggest further that, in the rat
      pOTC leader, the essential elements required for translocation differ from those
      necessary for correct cleavage to either iOTC or mature OTC.

PMID- 3693396
TI  - Cytosolic free calcium increases before and oscillates during frustrated
      phagocytosis in macrophages.
AB  - When macrophages and neutrophils are allowed to settle onto an appropriate
      surface, they attach and spread in a frustrated attempt to phagocytose the
      substrate. Spreading is associated with extensive rearrangements of the actin
      cytoskeleton which resemble those occurring during phagocytosis. We have
      previously shown that spreading in human neutrophils is preceded by an increase
      in cytosolic-free calcium concentration [( Ca2+]i) (Kruskal, B. A., S. Shak, and
      F. R. Maxfield. 1986. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 83:2919-2923). To assess the
      generality of this signal, we measured [Ca2+]i in single thioglycollate-elicited
      mouse peritoneal macrophages as they spread on an immune complex-coated surface,
      using fura-2 microspectrofluorometry. A [Ca2+]i increase always precedes
      spreading. This increase can involve several (up to 8) [Ca2+]i spikes, with an
      average peak value of 387 +/- 227 nM (mean +/- SD, n = 92 peaks in 24 cells),
      before spreading is detected. Neither spreading nor the magnitude of these spikes
      is significantly altered by removal of extracellular calcium. Many of the
      spreading macrophages exhibit periodic [Ca2+]i increases before and during
      spreading. The proportion which does so varies among experiments from 0 to 90%,
      but it is frequently greater than 40%. The largest number of cells (approximately
      25%) exhibited only a single peak. In 13 cells that showed more than 10 peaks,
      the median period was 29 s (range 19-69 s). The average peak [Ca2+]i was 385 +/-
      266 nM (mean +/- SD, n = 208 peaks in 14 cells). The calcium producing these
      increases is derived from intracellular pools. The oscillations occur with
      spreading on either opsonized or nonopsonized surfaces. The function of these
      oscillations is not clear, but the large number of cells which exhibit them
      suggest that they may be important to macrophage function.

PMID- 3693397
TI  - Macrophages possess probenecid-inhibitable organic anion transporters that remove
      fluorescent dyes from the cytoplasmic matrix.
AB  - We introduced several membrane-impermeant fluorescent dyes, including Lucifer
      Yellow, carboxyfluorescein, and fura-2, into the cytoplasmic matrix of J774 cells
      and thioglycollate-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages by ATP permeabilization
      of the plasma membrane and observed the subsequent fate of these dyes. The dyes
      did not remain within the cytoplasmic matrix; instead they were sequestered
      within phase-lucent cytoplasmic vacuoles and released into the extracellular
      medium. We used Lucifer Yellow to study these processes further. In cells
      incubated at 37 degrees C, 87% of Lucifer Yellow was released from the cells
      within 30 min after dye loading. The dye that remained within the cells at this
      time was predominantly within cytoplasmic vacuoles. Lucifer yellow transport was
      temperature dependent and occurred against a concentration gradient; therefore it
      appeared to be an energy-requiring process. The fluorescent dyes used in these
      studies are all organic anions. We therefore examined the ability of probenecid
      (p-[dipropylsulfamoyl]benzoic acid), which blocks organic anion transport across
      many epithelia, to inhibit efflux of Lucifer Yellow, and found that this drug
      inhibited this process in a dose-dependent and reversible manner. Efflux of
      Lucifer Yellow from the cells did not require Na+ co-transport or Cl- antiport;
      however, it was inhibited by lowering of the extracellular pH. These experiments
      indicate that macrophages possess probenecid-inhibitable transporters which are
      similar in their functional properties to organic anion transporters of
      epithelial cells. Such organic anion transporters have not been described
      previously in macrophages; they may mediate the release of naturally occurring
      organic anions such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes, glutathione, bilirubin, or
      lactate from macrophages.

PMID- 3693398
TI  - Constitutive apical secretion of an 80-kD sulfated glycoprotein complex in the
      polarized epithelial Madin-Darby canine kidney cell line.
AB  - The biosynthesis, processing, and apical secretion of a group of polypeptides
      (Kondor-Koch, C., R. Bravo, S. D. Fuller, D. Cutler, and H. Garoff. 1985. Cell.
      43:297-306) are studied in MDCK cells using a specific polyclonal antiserum.
      These polypeptides are synthesized as a precursor protein which has an apparent
      Mr of 65,000 in its high mannose form. This precursor is converted into a protein
      with an apparent Mr of 80,000 containing complex carbohydrates and sulfate. After
      intracellular cleavage of the 80-kD protein, the 35-45-kD subunits are secreted
      as an 80-kD glycoprotein complex (gp 80) linked together by disulfide bonds.
      Secretion of the protein complex occurs by a constitutive pathway at the apical
      surface of the epithelial monolayer. Since the immediate post-translational
      precursor, the 65-kD protein, is hydrophilic in nature as shown by its
      partitioning behavior in a phase-separated Triton X-114 solution, gp 80 is
      segregated into the apical exocytotic pathway as a soluble molecule. The
      proteolytic maturation of gp 80 is blocked in the presence of chloroquine and its
      secretion is retarded. The 80-kD precursor is released at the apical cell
      surface, demonstrating that proteolytic processing is not necessary for the
      apical secretion of this protein. If N-glycosylation is inhibited by tunicamycin
      treatment the protein is secreted in equal amounts at both cell surfaces,
      indicating a role of the carbohydrate moieties in the vectorial transport of this
      protein.

PMID- 3693399
TI  - Mobility of filamentous actin in living cytoplasm.
AB  - Filamentous actin in living cultured cells was labeled by microinjecting trace
      amounts of rhodamine-phalloidin (rh-pha) as a specific, high-affinity probe. The
      microinjection caused no detectable effect on cell morphology or cell division.
      The distribution of rh-pha-labeled filaments was then examined in dividing cells
      using image-intensified fluorescence microscopy, and the exchangeability of
      labeled filaments along stress fibers was studied during interphase using
      fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. rh-pha showed a rapid concentration
      at the contractile ring during cell division. In addition, recovery of
      fluorescence after photobleaching occurred along stress fibers with a halftime as
      short as 8 min. These observations suggest that at least some actin filaments
      undergo continuous movement and reorganization in living cells. This dynamic
      process may play an important role in various cellular functions.

PMID- 3693400
TI  - Rapidly transported organelles containing membrane and cytoskeletal components:
      their relation to axonal growth.
AB  - We have examined the movements, composition, and cellular origin of phase-dense
      varicosities in cultures of chick sympathetic and sensory neurons. These
      organelles are variable in diameter (typically between 0.2 and 2 microns) and
      undergo saltatory movements both towards and away from the neuronal cell body.
      Their mean velocities vary inversely with the size of the organelle and are
      greater in the retrograde than the anterograde direction. Organelles stain with
      the lipophilic dye 1, 1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-indocarbocyanine and
      with antibodies to cytoskeletal components. In cultures double-stained with
      antibodies to alpha-tubulin and 70-kD neurofilament protein (NF-L), approximately
      40% of the organelles stain for tubulin, 30% stain for NF-L, 10% stain for both
      tubulin and NF-L, and 40% show no staining with either antibody. The association
      of cytoskeletal proteins with the organelles shows that these proteins are able
      to move by a form of rapid axonal transport. Under most culture conditions the
      predominant direction of movement is towards the cell body, suggesting that the
      organelles are produced at or near the growth cone. Retrograde movements continue
      in culture medium lacking protein or high molecular mass components and increase
      under conditions in which the advance of the growth cone is arrested. There is a
      fourfold increase in the number of organelles moving retrogradely in neurites
      that encounter a substratum-associated barrier to elongation; retrograde
      movements increase similarly in cultures exposed to cytochalasin at levels known
      to block growth cone advance. No previously described organelle shows behavior
      coordinated with axonal growth in this way. We propose that the organelles
      contain membrane and cytoskeletal components that have been delivered to the
      growth cone, by slow or fast anterograde transport, in excess of the amounts
      required to synthesize more axon. In view of their rapid mobility and variable
      contents, we suggest that they be called "neuronal parcels."

PMID- 3693401
TI  - Erythrocyte adducin: a calmodulin-regulated actin-bundling protein that
      stimulates spectrin-actin binding.
AB  - Adducin is an erythrocyte membrane skeletal phosphoprotein comprised of two
      related subunits of 105,000 and 100,000 Mr. These peptides form a functional
      heterodimer, and the smaller of the two binds calmodulin in a calcium-dependent
      fashion. Although this protein has been physicochemically characterized, its
      function remains unknown. We have examined the interaction of human adducin with
      actin and with human erythrocyte spectrin using sedimentation, electrophoretic,
      and morphologic techniques. Purified adducin binds actin at physiologic ionic
      strength and bundles it into arrays of laterally arranged filaments, the adducin
      forming cross-bridges between the filaments at 35.2 /- 3.8 (2 SD) nm intervals.
      The stoichiometry of high affinity adducin binding to actin at saturation is 1:7,
      corresponding to a dimer of adducin for every actin helical unit. Adducin also
      promotes the binding of spectrin to actin independently of protein 4.1. At
      saturation, each adducin promotes the association of one spectrin heterodimer.
      The formation of this ternary spectrin-actin-adducin complex is independent of
      the assembly path, and the complex exists in a readily reversible equilibrium
      with the free components. The binding of adducin to actin and its ability to
      stimulate spectrin-actin binding is down-regulated by calmodulin in a calcium
      dependent fashion. These results thus identify a putative role for adducin, and
      define a calcium- and calmodulin-dependent mechanism whereby higher states of
      actin association and its interaction with spectrin in the erythrocyte may be
      controlled.

PMID- 3693402
TI  - Translocation of acyl-CoA oxidase into peroxisomes requires ATP hydrolysis but
      not a membrane potential.
AB  - An efficient system for the import of newly synthesized proteins into highly
      purified rat liver peroxisomes was reconstituted in vitro. 35S-Labeled acyl-CoA
      oxidase (AOx) was incorporated into peroxisomes in a proteinase K-resistant
      fashion. This import was specific (did not occur with mitochondria) and was
      dependent on temperature, time, and peroxisome concentration. Under optimal
      conditions approximately 30% of [35S]AOx became proteinase resistant. The import
      of AOx into peroxisomes could be dissociated into two steps: (a) binding occurred
      at 0 degrees C in the absence of ATP; (b) translocation occurred only at 26
      degrees C and required the hydrolysis of ATP. GTP would not substitute for ATP
      and translocation was not inhibited by carbonylcyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone,
      valinomycin, or other ionophores.

PMID- 3693403
TI  - Cytoskeletal-membrane interactions: a stable interaction between cell surface
      glycoconjugates and doublet microtubules of the photoreceptor connecting cilium.
AB  - The ciliary base is marked by a transition zone in which Y-shaped cross-linkers
      extend from doublet microtubules to the plasma membrane. Our goal was to
      investigate the hypothesis that the cross-linkers form a stable interaction
      between membrane or cell surface components and the underlying microtubule
      cytoskeleton. We have combined Triton X-100 extraction with lectin cytochemistry
      in the photoreceptor sensory cilium to investigate the relationship between cell
      surface glycoconjugates and the underlying cytoskeleton, and to identify the cell
      surface components involved. Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) binds heavily to the
      cell surface in the region of the Y-shaped cross-linkers of the neonatal rat
      photoreceptor cilium. WGA binding is not removed by prior digestion with
      neuraminidase and succinyl-WGA also binds the proximal cilium, suggesting a
      predominance of N-acetylglucosamine containing glycoconjugates. Extraction of the
      photoreceptor plasma membrane with Triton X-100 removes the lipid bilayer,
      leaving the Y-shaped crosslinkers associated with the axoneme. WGA-binding sites
      are found at the distal ends of the crosslinkers after Triton X-100 extraction,
      indicating that the microtubule-membrane cross-linkers retain both a
      transmembrane and a cell surface component after removal of the lipid bilayer. To
      identify glycoconjugate components of the cross-linkers we used a subcellular
      fraction enriched in axonemes from adult bovine retinas. Isolated, detergent
      extracted bovine axonemes show WGA binding at the distal ends of the cross
      linkers similar to that seen in the neonatal rat. Proteins of the axoneme
      fraction were separated by SDS-PAGE and electrophoretically transferred to
      nitrocellulose. WGA labeling of the nitrocellulose transblots reveals three
      glycoconjugates, all of molecular mass greater than 400 kD. The major WGA-binding
      glycoconjugate has an apparent molecular mass of approximately 600 kD and is
      insensitive to prior digestion with neuraminidase. This glycoconjugate may
      correspond to the dominant WGA-binding component seen in cytochemical
      experiments.

PMID- 3693404
TI  - Effect of heavy chain phosphorylation on the polymerization and structure of
      Dictyostelium myosin filaments.
AB  - In Dictyostelium amebas, myosin appears to be organized into filaments that
      relocalize during cell division and in response to stimulation by cAMP. To better
      understand the regulation of myosin assembly, we have studied the polymerization
      properties of purified Dictyostelium myosin. In 150 mM KCl, the myosin remained
      in the supernate following centrifugation at 100,000 g. Rotary shadowing showed
      that this soluble myosin was monomeric and that approximately 80% of the
      molecules had a single bend 98 nm from the head-tail junction. In very low
      concentrations of KCl (less than 10 mM) the Dictyostelium myosin was also soluble
      at 100,000 g. But rather than being monomeric, most of the molecules were
      associated into dimers or tetramers. At pH 7.5 in 50 mM KCl, dephosphorylated
      myosin polymerized into filaments whereas myosin phosphorylated to a level of
      0.85 mol Pi/mol heavy chain failed to form filaments. The phosphorylated myosin
      could be induced to form filaments by lowering the pH or by increasing the
      magnesium concentration to 10 mM. The resulting filaments were bipolar, had blunt
      ends, and had a uniform length of approximately 0.43 micron. In contrast,
      filaments formed from fully dephosphorylated myosin were longer, had tapered
      ends, and aggregated to form very long, threadlike structures. The Dictyostelium
      myosin had a very low critical concentration for assembly of approximately 5
      micrograms/ml, and this value did not appear to be affected by the level of heavy
      chain phosphorylation. The concentration of polymer at equilibrium, however, was
      significantly reduced, indicating that heavy chain phosphorylation inhibited the
      affinity of subunits for each other. Detailed assembly curves revealed that small
      changes in the concentration of KCl, magnesium, ATP, or H+ strongly influenced
      the degree of assembly. Thus, changes in both the intracellular milieu and the
      level of heavy chain phosphorylation may control the location and state of
      assembly of myosin in response to physiological stimuli.

PMID- 3693405
TI  - Visualization of cardiac ventricular myosin heavy chain homodimers and
      heterodimers by monoclonal antibody epitope mapping.
AB  - Two mAbs, one specific for cardiac alpha-myosin heavy chains (MHC) and the other
      specific for cardiac beta-MHC, were used to investigate the heavy-chain dimeric
      organization of rat cardiac ventricular myosin. Epitopes of the two mAbs were
      mapped on the myosin molecule by electron microscopy of rotary shadowed mAb
      myosin complexes. mAbs were clearly identifiable by the different locations of
      their binding sites on the myosin rod. Thus, myosin molecules could be directly
      discriminated according to their alpha-or beta-MHC content. alpha alpha-MHC and
      beta beta-MHC homodimers were visualized in complexes consisting of two molecules
      of the same mAb bound to one myosin molecule. By simultaneously using the alpha
      MHC-specific mAb and the beta-MHC-specific mAb, alpha beta-MHC heterodimers were
      visualized in complexes formed by one molecule of each of the two mAbs bound to
      one myosin molecule. Proportions of alpha alpha-and beta beta-MHC homodimers and
      alpha beta-MHC heterodimers were estimated from quantifications of mAb-myosin
      complexes and compared with the proportions given by electrophoreses under
      nondenaturing conditions. This visualization of cardiac myosin molecules clearly
      demonstrates the arrangement of alpha- and beta-MHC in alpha alpha-MHC
      homodimers, beta beta-MHC homodimers, and alpha beta-MHC heterodimers, as
      initially proposed by Hoh, J. F. Y., G. P. S. Yeoh, M. A. W. Thomas, and L.
      Higginbottom (1979).

PMID- 3693406
TI  - Isotypes of alpha-tubulin are differentially regulated during neuronal
      maturation.
AB  - The mRNAs for two isotypes of alpha-tubulin, termed T alpha 1 and T26, are known
      to be expressed in the rat nervous system. We have compared the expression of
      these two alpha-tubulin mRNAs during neural development, using RNA blotting and
      in situ hybridization techniques with probes directed against unique sequences of
      each mRNA. T alpha 1 mRNA is highly enriched in the embryonic nervous system but
      is markedly less abundant in the adult brain; T26 mRNA is expressed in many
      embryonic tissues with little change in abundance during development. Within the
      nervous system, T alpha 1 mRNA is enriched in regions with neurons actively
      undergoing neurite extension, such as the cortical plate, whereas T26 mRNA is
      relatively homogeneous in distribution, with some enrichment in proliferative
      zones. Expression of T alpha 1 mRNA is also increased in PC12 cells induced to
      differentiate and extend neurite processes by nerve growth factor. Taken
      together, the data indicate that T alpha 1-tubulin mRNA is expressed at high
      levels during the extension of neuronal processes. The abundant expression of T
      alpha 1-tubulin mRNA may therefore reflect either a means to increase the
      available pool of alpha-tubulin or a specific requirement for the T alpha 1
      isotype for neurite extension.

PMID- 3693407
TI  - Nerve terminal anchorage protein 1 (TAP-1) is a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan:
      biochemical and electron microscopic characterization.
AB  - The plasma membranes of the nerve terminal and the postsynaptic cell of electric
      organ are separated by a basal lamina. We have purified, biochemically
      characterized, and visualized in the electron microscope a macromolecule which
      appears to anchor the nerve terminal to this basal lamina. This molecule,
      terminal anchorage protein 1 (TAP-1) is associated with the nerve terminal
      membrane of electric organ, has the properties of an integral membrane protein,
      and is tightly bound to the extracellular matrix (Carlson, S.S., P. Caroni, and
      R.B. Kelly. 1986. J. Cell Biol. 103:509-520). TAP-1 can be solubilized from an
      electric organ extracellular matrix preparation with guanidine-HCl/3-[(3
      cholamidopropyl)-dimethylammnio]-1-propane sulfonate and purified by a
      combination of permeation chromatography on Sephacryl S-1000, sedimentation
      velocity, and ion exchange chromatography on DEAE Sephacel. The total
      purification from electric organ is 91-fold and results in at least 86% purity.
      Digestion of the molecule with chondroitin ABC or AC lyase produces a large but
      similar shift in the molecular weight of the molecule on SDS-PAGE. The presence
      of chondroitin-4- or 6-sulfate is confirmed by identification of the isolated
      glycosaminoglycans with cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Gel filtration of the
      isolated chains indicates an average molecular weight of 42,000. Digestion of TAP
      1 with other glycosaminoglycan lyases such as heparitinase indicates that only
      chondroitin sulfate is present. These results demonstrate that TAP-1 is a
      proteoglycan. Visualization of TAP-1 in the electron microscope reveals a
      "bottlebrush" structure expected for a proteoglycan. The molecule has an average
      total length of 345 +/- 17 nm with 20 +/- 2 side projections of 113 +/- 5 nm in
      length. These side projections are presumably the glycosaminoglycan side chains.
      From this structure, we predict that the TAP-1 glycosaminoglycan side chains
      should have a molecular weight of approximately 50,000, which is in close
      agreement with the biochemical studies. Both biochemical and morphologic data
      indicate that TAP-1 has a relative molecular weight of approximately 1.2 X 10(6).
      The large size of TAP-1 suggests that this molecule could span the synaptic cleft
      and make a significant contribution to the structure of the nerve terminal basal
      lamina of electric organ.

PMID- 3693408
TI  - Changes in erythroid membrane proteins during erythropoietin-mediated terminal
      differentiation.
AB  - Membrane and membrane skeleton proteins were examined in erythroid progenitor
      cells during terminal differentiation. The employed model system of erythroid
      differentiation was that in which proerythroblasts from mice infected with the
      anemia-inducing strain of Friend virus differentiate in vitro in response to
      erythropoietin (EP). With this system, developmentally homogeneous populations of
      cells can be examined morphologically and biochemically as they progress from
      proerythroblasts through enucleated reticulocytes. alpha and beta spectrins, the
      major proteins of the erythrocyte membrane skeleton, are synthesized in the
      erythroblasts both before and after EP exposure. At all times large portions of
      the newly synthesized spectrins exist in and are turned over in the cytoplasm.
      The remaining newly synthesized spectrin is found in a cellular fraction
      containing total membranes. Pulse-chase experiments show that little of the
      cytoplasmic spectrins become membrane associated, but that the proportion of
      newly synthesized spectrin which is membrane associated increases as maturation
      proceeds. A membrane fraction enriched in plasma membranes has significant
      differences in the stoichiometry of spectrin accumulation as compared to total
      cellular membranes. Synthesis of band 3 protein, the anion transporter, is
      induced only after EP addition to the erythroblasts. All of the newly synthesized
      band 3 is membrane associated. A two-dimensional gel survey was conducted of
      newly synthesized proteins in the plasma membrane enriched fraction of the
      erythroblasts as differentiation proceeded. A majority of the newly synthesized
      proteins remain in the same proportion to each other during maturation; however,
      a few newly synthesized proteins greatly increase following EP induction while
      others decrease markedly. Of the radiolabeled proteins observed in two
      dimensional gels, only the spectrins, band 3 and actin become major proteins of
      the mature erythrocyte membrane. Examination of total proteins of the plasma
      membrane enriched fractions of EP-treated erythroblasts using silver staining and
      32P autoradiography show that many proteins and phosphoproteins are selectively
      eliminated from this fraction late in the course of differentiation during the
      reticulocyte stage. The selective removal of many proteins at the reticulocyte
      stage of development combined with previous selective synthesis and accumulation
      of some specific proteins such as alpha and beta spectrin and band 3 in the
      differentiating erythroblasts lead to the final mammalian erythrocyte membrane
      structure.

PMID- 3693409
TI  - Hormone-sensitive adenylyl cyclase in preadipocytes cultured from adipose tissue:
      comparison with 3T3-L1 cells and adipocytes.
AB  - The adenylyl cyclase system of preadipocytes derived from the stromal vascular
      fraction of perirenal rat fat pads was characterized. Unlike mature adipocytes,
      preadipocyte adenylyl cyclase was only weakly stimulated by catecholamines and
      adrenocorticotrophic hormone, but was stimulated by guanine nucleotides.
      Parathyroid hormone and 2-chloroadenosine also stimulated preadipocyte adenylyl
      cyclase. The adenylyl cyclase system of preadipocytes resembled that of
      undifferentiated 3T3-L1 cells. However, agents which induced the differentiation
      of the 3T3-L1 cell adenylyl cyclase system did not have a similar effect on
      preadipocytes. A medium (CDM6) which induced some differentiation of preadipocyte
      adenylyl cyclase was developed. The observations that the adenylyl cyclase system
      of preadipocytes and undifferentiated 3T3-L1 cells are similar, that preadipocyte
      adenylyl cyclase can be induced to develop along lines similar to early
      differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells, and that the adenylyl cyclase system of fully
      differentiated 3T3-L1 cells has characteristics intermediate between
      preadipocytes and adipocytes, suggest that the differentiation of preadipocyte
      and 3T3-L1 adenyly cyclase in vitro mimics adipose adenylyl cyclase development
      in vivo. The increased catecholamine and ACTH stimulation, and reduced GTP and
      adenosine sensitivities of adipocytes compared to preadipocytes suggest that a
      number of genes affecting adenylyl cyclase-associated regulatory and receptor
      proteins are coordinately repressed and derepressed during development.

PMID- 3693410
TI  - Isoprenylated proteins in cultured cells: subcellular distribution and changes
      related to altered morphology and growth arrest induced by mevalonate
      deprivation.
AB  - In the presence of lovastatin (mevinolin), an inhibitor of endogenous mevalonate
      synthesis, C1300 murine neuroblastoma cells incorporated (2-14C)mevalonate into
      several discrete polypeptides that were separable by SDS-PAGE. The
      electrophoretic pattern of the labeled proteins did not vary substantially when
      cells were homogenized with Ca++, Mg++, high concentrations of NaCl or
      phosphatase inhibitor, or when cells were lysed immediately in trichloroacetic
      acid. When cells that had been prelabeled with (14C)mevalonate were incubated
      with lovastatin and simultaneously deprived of exogenous mevalonate, there was a
      50-60% decline in the concentration of protein-bound isoprenoid label within 17
      h. In contrast, there was little change in the radioactivity in the sterol,
      dolichol, or ubiquinone fractions. The time course of the decline in mevalonate
      derived label in cellular polypeptides paralleled the onset of neurite outgrowth
      and preceded the decline of DNA synthesis, suggesting that a decreased
      intracellular concentration of protein-bound isoprenoid groups may contribute to
      the well-documented effects of mevalonate deprivation on cell morphology and cell
      cycling. Fractionation of neuroblastoma cells by differential centrifugation and
      sucrose density-gradient centrifugation revealed that mevalonate-labeled proteins
      of 53 kDA, 22-26 kDa, and 17 kDa were concentrated in the cytosol. Proteins
      migrating at 45 kDa were found in both the soluble and particulate fractions,
      including those enriched in mitochondria and plasma membrane. The isoprenylated
      proteins migrating at approximately 66 kDa were localized exclusively in the
      nuclear fraction. When chromatin was removed from the nuclei by extraction with 2
      M NaCl, the 66 kDa isoprenylated proteins remained associated with the residual
      components of the nuclear matrix and lamina. Isoprenylated proteins with
      electrophoretic mobilities similar to those observed in neuroblastoma cells were
      detected in a variety of established cell lines. However, there was considerable
      variation among cell lines in the overall efficiency of protein labeling with
      (14C) mevalonate and in the prominence and mobilities of specific labeled
      proteins in the 45-70 kDa range. Comparisons of paired transformed vs.
      nontransformed fibroblast cell lines suggested that the profile of mevalonate
      labeled proteins in a given cell line is not altered by malignant
      transformation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3693411
TI  - Spontaneous reversal of polarity of the voltage across LLC-PK1 renal epithelial
      cell sheets.
AB  - While sterilely monitoring transepithelial voltage (potential difference) across
      LLC-PK cell sheets over a 24-hr period, we noted that the apical-negative,
      transepithelial voltage, a key property of the LLC-PK1 renal epithelial cell
      line, reverses polarity to become apical-positive. This spontaneous change of
      polarity of electrical potential difference (PD) across LLC-PK1 cell sheets
      cultured on permeable filters was observed to occur approximately 12 hr after
      refeeding. Unlike the apical (luminal)-negative PD, the apical-positive PD was
      insensitive to phlorizin and ouabain. Both were insensitive to the diuretics
      amiloride, furosemide, and 4-acetamido-4-isothiocynato-stilbene-2,2-disulfonic
      acid (SITS). A pH gradient existed across apical-positive cell sheets (apical
      medium more acidic by 0.3 units) but an osmotic gradient did not. Unlike the
      temperature-sensitive apical-negative PD, the apical positive PD was unaffected
      by brief exposure to 4 degrees C temperature. Junctional disruptive agents such
      as the tumor promotor, TPA, dissipated both types of PD with similar time
      courses. The formation of the apical-positive PD correlated in time with apical
      glucose levels falling below the reported Km of the Na+-sugar contransporter. A
      high glycolytic rate per se may not be essential for this PD polarity reversal
      since the reversal could occur in glucose-free medium with a normal time course
      and magnitude. The lysis with time of floating cells with consequent release of
      KCl into the apical compartment was also considered as a possible cause of the
      polarity reversal, but the turnover of even 2 X 10(6) cells in 12 hr was found
      not to raise apical KCl sufficiently to produce the polarity shift. Although a
      significant K+ gradient did not exist across cell sheets with apical-positive PD
      values, a sizable gradient of Cl- did exist, directed apical to basolateral. This
      gradient, coupled with anion-selective tight junctions, should contribute to the
      observed apical positive voltage. The voltage polarity shift seen in these cell
      cultures with time is not unlike the polarity shift occurring in the renal
      proximal convoluted tubule, with distance from the glomerulus.

PMID- 3693412
TI  - Regulation of the glucose-regulated protein genes by beta-mercaptoethanol
      requires de novo protein synthesis and correlates with inhibition of protein
      glycosylation.
AB  - Treatment of hamster fibroblasts with the sulfhydryl-reducing agent beta
      mercaptoethanol (beta-ME) results in increased synthesis of the glucose-regulated
      proteins (GRPs). The most abundant protein species being induced is the GRP78,
      with a minor increase also observed for GRP94. The enhanced synthesis of the
      GRP94 and GRP78 is primarily due to an increase in the steady state levels of the
      two GRP transcripts. Although beta-ME has a general inhibitive affect on amino
      acid uptake and protein synthesis, compared to other protein synthesis inhibitors
      such as cycloheximide, puromycin, and amino acid analogue canavanine, beta-ME is
      a more potent inducer of GRP gene expression. In addition, the induction by low
      dosage of beta-ME requires de novo protein synthesis and is preceded by a drop in
      the rate of protein glycosylation. Our results support the hypothesis that
      denatured proteins can induce the GRP genes; however, a blockage of some post
      translocational processing step in the endoplasmic reticulum, as a result of beta
      ME or other stress treatments, may provide the additional stimulation which
      transcriptionally activates the GRP genes to high levels.

PMID- 3693413
TI  - Alpha tocopheryl succinate inhibits melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
      sensitive adenylate cyclase activity in melanoma cells.
AB  - D-alpha tocopheryl succinate (vitamin E succinate), which is known to induce
      differentiation and growth inhibition in murine B-16 melanoma cells, reduced
      basal and melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)-stimulated adenylate cyclase (AC)
      activity in vitro. Vitamin E succinate treatment also reduced sodium fluoride-
      and forskoline-stimulated AC activity of melanoma cells in vitro. Treatment of
      cells with vitamin E succinate (6 micrograms/ml] for a period of 24 hours was
      sufficient to reduce MSH-stimulated AC activity. Other forms of vitamin E, such
      as d1-alpha tocopheryl nicotinate, d1-alpha tocopheryl acetate, and d1-alpha
      tocopherol, which did not affect growth or morphology of melanoma cells, were
      relatively less effective in altering basal and MSH-stimulated AC activity.
      Retinoic acid, which inhibited the growth of B-16 melanoma cells, also reduced
      basal and MSH-, NaF-, and forskolin-stimulated AC activity in vitro.
      Prostaglandin A2, which inhibited growth and altered morphology, did not change
      basal or MSH-stimulated AC activity. These results show that one of the
      mechanisms of action of vitamin E succinate and retinoic acid on melanoma cells
      may involve reduction of basal and MSH-sensitive AC activity, and this vitamin
      effect is not necessarily related to growth inhibition.

PMID- 3693414
TI  - Messenger RNAs coding for enzymes of polyamine biosynthesis are induced during
      the G0-G1 transition but not during traverse of the normal G1 phase.
AB  - The events occurring during emergence of cells from quiescence ("G0") are not
      necessarily identical to those in the G1 phase of continuously dividing cells.
      Cellular levels of the mRNAs coding for ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and S
      adenosyl-methionine decarboxylase (SDC), key enzymes in polyamine synthesis,
      increased maximally within 5 h after addition of serum to resting 3T3 cells,
      following a kinetic course similar to that of c-myc mRNA. In a pure early G1
      population of cells, prepared by centrifugal elutriation of growing fibroblasts,
      the levels of ODC and SDC mRNAs were not significantly lower than in other phases
      of the cell cycle and approximated serum-induced levels rather than the reduced
      values found in serum-starved cells. Thus, we conclude that the mRNAs coding for
      the polyamine biosynthetic enzymes, like c-myc, are growth controlled, but not
      regulated during traverse of a normal cell cycle.

PMID- 3693415
TI  - Degenerative arthritis II.

PMID- 3693416
TI  - Trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis. Staging as a rationale for treatment.
AB  - Painful arthrosis of the basal joints of the thumb covers a spectrum of arthritic
      disease. The painful hypermobile thumb with articular cartilage preserved
      requires an entirely different type of treatment than does the similarly painful
      basal joint, which has stiffness and degeneration of more than one facet of the
      trapezium. By careful radiographic evaluation of the trapezial articulations,
      particularly in the lateral projection, a reasonable set of radiographic
      guidelines for staging of the degenerative process can be provided. One must be
      prepared to adjust this preoperative staging should direct inspection of the
      articular surfaces at surgery indicate more damage than perceived on the
      radiograph. Once the ultimate staging of the disease has been established, the
      means of treatment is considerably simplified and the multiple procedures that
      have been proposed for "basal joint arthritis" can be applied more accurately.

PMID- 3693417
TI  - Basal joint implant arthroplasty in osteoarthritis. Indications, techniques,
      pitfalls, and problems.
AB  - Implant arthroplasty is a valuable surgical procedure for some patients with
      basal joint arthritis of the thumb. Those patients for whom it seems to be the
      most useful are the low-demand osteoarthritic and the rheumatoid. Should this
      type of arthroplasty be selected, the associated soft tissue reconstruction is of
      paramount importance in determining the success of the surgical effort.

PMID- 3693418
TI  - Tendon interposition arthroplasty of carpometacarpal joint of the thumb.
AB  - Osteoarthritis of the thumb carpal metacarpal joint is effectively managed by
      complete excision of the trapezium or excision of the distal half of the
      trapezium with maintenance of the space by insertion of interposition tendinous
      material from palmaris longus or flexor carpi radialis. The more recent
      modification of partial trapezium excision has improved pinch strength and
      maintenance of thumb length and so has enhanced the final results. Carpal
      metacarpal ligament reconstruction is demonstrated because it is occasionally
      necessary.

PMID- 3693419
TI  - Common pathways of degenerative arthritis of the wrist.
AB  - Carpal arthrosis secondary to scapholunate advanced collapse is described in
      terms of pathomechanics, radiographic features, and treatment. In addition, a
      differential diagnosis of carpal arthrosis is presented. Emphasis is placed on
      the similarity of injury patterns observed in a variety of disease processes
      affecting the wrist.

PMID- 3693420
TI  - Wrist arthritis associated with scaphoid nonunion.
AB  - Patients with old scaphoid nonunion have a high risk of developing wrist
      arthritis. Although some patients remain asymptomatic, some will have pain
      sufficient to seek treatment. There are several treatment options available. The
      authors prefer wrist arthrodesis for most of these patients.

PMID- 3693421
TI  - Tenosynovitis: tendon and nerve entrapment.
AB  - The pathophysiology associated with tendon and nerve entrapment due to idiopathic
      tenosynovitis of the hand and wrist is discussed. The basis of clinical symptoms,
      nonoperative and operative treatment, complications, and prognosis relating to
      stenosing tenosynovitis and carpal tunnel syndrome are reviewed. A systematic
      approach to developing a philosophy for operative treatment is based upon
      severity of symptoms and findings at surgery. Deformities of the median nerve are
      classified into grades that correlate with symptoms and influence selection of
      the surgical procedure.

PMID- 3693422
TI  - Treatment of traumatic arthritis in children.
AB  - Although alternatives do exist for the treatment of traumatic arthritis in
      children, all efforts should be directed to treat the initial condition to avoid
      its progression to arthritis. Once arthritis is established, then follow the
      axiom, "treat patients, not x-rays." If despite all attempts at conservative
      treatment, a surgical option is necessary, then attention must be given to
      potential future growth, joint stability, and alignment, pain relief, and
      anticipated postoperative range of motion. All cases must be individualized
      because, unfortunately, none of the alternatives available is capable of
      guaranteeing a "normal" end result.

PMID- 3693423
TI  - sn-1,2-diacylglycerols and phorbol diesters: uptake, metabolism, and subsequent
      assimilation of the diacylglycerol metabolites into complex lipids of cultured
      cells.
AB  - The cell-permeable diacylglycerol mediators have been shown to mimic partially
      the effects of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) on cultured cells. In
      order to evaluate the metabolic stability of the lipid mediators, several
      radiolabeled diacylglycerols were synthesized and their uptake and intracellular
      fate in cultured HL-60 (human promyelocytic leukemia) cells was compared with
      TPA. In addition to whole cell assessment, the stability of diacyl lipids and TPA
      was evaluated in a buffer/water system and in the presence of serum and
      subcellular fractions. The compounds studied include 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol
      (DiOG), 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (OaG), 1-palmitoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol
      (PaG), the ether-linked analog 1-palmityl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (ePaG), and TPA.
      TPA was comparatively stable to lipase hydrolysis in all systems examined. First,
      the data show that within 5 min at pH 7.9, nearly 50% of the PaG (originally
      greater than 92% 1,2-isomer) had isomerized, and rapid formation of the 1,3
      isomer also occurred with OaG and ePaG. The metabolism of OaG and PaG by serum
      hydrolases, using a reaction medium containing 10% serum, was chiefly by acetate
      hydrolysis; however, fatty acid was also liberated. After a 60-min incubation 68%
      of the [14C]OaG was converted, by serum enzymes, to monooleoylglycerol plus oleic
      acid. Heat-inactivation of serum reduced the enzymatic formation of fatty acid by
      60-70%. ePaG was also metabolized by serum enzymes, but the ether-linked
      alkylglycerol product was stable. The results of cell-free studies
      (postmitochondrial supernatant) showed that cellular enzymes were present that
      could, like serum, convert the diacylglycerols to monoacylglycerols and free
      fatty acids. Studies using cultured cells showed that radiolabeled OaG, PaG, and
      ePaG were rapidly taken up by the cells and metabolized. Labeled metabolic
      products from the diacylglycerols appeared, in a time-dependent manner, in
      cellular phospholipids and triacylglycerols. The results from experiments
      employing 1-acyl-2-acetyl-sn-[3H]glycerol and [3H]acyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol
      indicate that the intracellular mode of mediator metabolism is via complete
      hydrolysis with subsequent incorporation of 3H-acyl groups into complex lipids.
      Data are also presented which show that a substantial amount of cellular lipid
      acyl group modification occurs and large amounts of glycerol are produced when
      cells are cultured with OaG. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the
      diacylglycerol mediators, when compared with TPA, are not stable and are
      metabolized by both serum and cellular enzymes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3693424
TI  - Secretion by Toxoplasma gondii of an antigen that appears to become associated
      with the parasitophorous vacuole membrane upon invasion of the host cell.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii were prepared to characterize
      antigens of the parasite. Immunoperoxidase staining of parasites fixed with
      paraformaldehyde and glutaraldehyde (PFAGA) followed by Triton X-100 treatment
      showed that the antibody of clone I-63 recognized an antigen located in the
      anterior part of the parasite. When analysed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting, the
      antigen migrated in a 66 x 10(3) Mr region. The parasite antigen diminished
      greatly in parasites after invasion of host cells, but reappeared around a time
      when intracellular T. gondii multiplied. Immunodetection on PFAGA-fixed T. gondii
      infected cells, whose membranes were permeabilized by freeze-thawing in the
      presence of 5% glycerol, demonstrated that, immediately after parasite invasion,
      the I-63 antibody-reactive antigen appeared to become associated with the
      parasitophorous vacuole (PV) membrane, that had been formed mainly by
      invagination of the host-cell plasma membrane so as to surround an invading
      parasite. The antigen remained associated with the PV membrane for some time, but
      disappeared later when the PV increased in size after the parasites had
      multiplied several times. These results were strengthened by immunoelectron
      microscopic observations: the antigen that had been localized at the anterior
      part of the parasite before invasion appeared in an area of the host cell
      cytoplasm around the tips of penetrating parasites and, thereafter, extended
      throughout the surface of the PV membrane when parasites completed invasion.
      Thus, it appears that the I-63-reactive antigen is secreted by T. gondii upon
      invasion of the host cell and becomes associated with the PV membrane shortly
      after invasion.

PMID- 3693425
TI  - Increases in cerebral cortical perfusate adenosine and inosine concentrations
      during hypoxia and ischemia.
AB  - The cerebral cortical cup technique was used to monitor changes in adenosine and
      inosine levels in the rat cerebral cortex during periods of hypoxia, anoxia, or
      hemorrhagic hypotension. Basal levels of adenosine and inosine in cortical
      perfusates stabilized within 10 min at concentrations of 30-50 and 75-130 nM,
      respectively. Comparable levels were observed in normal CSF collected from the
      cisterna magna. Reductions in the oxygen content of the inspired air (14, 12, 8,
      and 5% oxygen) resulted in increases in the adenosine and inosine levels in the
      cortical perfusates, the magnitude of the increase being progressively more
      pronounced with greater reductions in the oxygen content. Cerebral
      anoxia/ischemia, induced by 100% nitrogen inhalation, caused a rapid increase in
      the adenosine and inosine contents of the cortical perfusates. Hemorrhagic
      hypotension (46.1 +/- 1.7 mm Hg) of 5 min duration did not result in an elevated
      adenosine or inosine release. The results suggest that interstitial fluid
      adenosine levels are likely to be in the low nM range in the normoxic animal and
      are capable of rapid increases during hypoxic or anoxic episodes. The findings
      support the adenosine hypothesis of CBF regulation.

PMID- 3693426
TI  - Dexamethasone effects on [125I]albumin distribution in experimental RG-2 gliomas
      and adjacent brain.
AB  - A total of 72 RG-2 transplanted gliomas were studied in 58 rats at three time
      points (1, 30, 240 min) after intravenous injection of [125I]radioiodinated serum
      albumin ([125I]RISA). The animals were divided into two groups: a control group
      that received no treatment and a second group that was treated with five doses of
      1.5 mg/kg of dexamethasone over 2.5 days. Local tissue concentrations of
      [125I]RISA were measured with quantitative autoradiography based on morphological
      features of the tumors and used to calculate the tissue distribution space. Two
      models were used to analyze the data. A two compartment model yielded estimates
      of local blood-to-tissue influx constants (K1), lower limit extracellular volumes
      (Ve), and plasma vascular volumes (Vp) in different tumor regions. Treatment with
      dexamethasone consistently reduced the RISA distribution space in the RG-2
      tumors; the reduction in Ve was statistically significant in almost all tumor
      regions: whole tumor Ve (mean +/- SE) was reduced from 0.14 +/- 0.02 ml g-1 in
      control animals to 0.08 +/- 0.01 ml g-1 in dexamethasone treated animals. K1 and
      Vp were also decreased in all tumor regions after treatment with dexamethasone
      (whole tumor K1 decreased from 2.36 +/- 0.89 to 0.83 +/- 0.29 microliter g-1 min
      1 and Vp decreased slightly from 0.016 +/- 0.013 to 0.010 +/- 0.005 ml g-1 after
      dexamethasone treatment), but these changes were not statistically significant. A
      comparison of the tumor influx constants in control animals and the aqueous
      diffusion constants of two different size molecules (RISA and aminoisobutyric
      acid) suggests that the "pores" across RG-2 capillaries are large and may not
      restrict the free diffusion of RISA (estimated minimum pore diameter greater than
      36 nm) and that the total pore area is approximately 6.2 X 10(-5) cm2 g-1 in RG-2
      tumor tissue. The second model, which allows for diffusion and solvent drag of
      RISA across tumor capillaries and through the tissue, was used to analyze the
      distribution profiles of RISA in peripheral tumor and adjacent brain. This
      analysis was consistent with a small bulk flow of plasma-derived edema fluid
      (capillary filtration rate approximately equal to 0.8 microliter g-1 min-1) and a
      larger component of free diffusion of RISA (K approximately equal to 2 microliter
      g-1 min-1) through pores in the tumor vessels of control animals. Dexamethasone
      treatment markedly reduced or eliminated the filtration of plasma-derived fluid
      across tumor capillaries and the movement of RISA through the extracellular space
      by solvent drag.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3693427
TI  - The reproducibility of the 133Xe inhalation technique in resting studies: task
      order and sex related effects in healthy young adults.
AB  - Repeated applications of the 133Xe inhalation technique for measuring regional
      CBF (rCBF) were made during consecutive resting conditions in a sample of young
      healthy subjects. Subjects were grouped by order and by sex [nine had resting
      studies as the initial two measurements in a series of four measurement (six men,
      three women) and six had these measurements later (two men, four women)]. Three
      flow parameters were examined: f1 (fast flow) and IS (initial slope) for gray
      matter CBF, and CBF-15 for mean CBF (gray and white matter over 15-min
      integration), as well as w1, the percentage of tissue with fast clearing
      characteristics. With all groups combined, there were no significant differences
      between the two resting measurements, and high test-retest correlations were
      obtained for the flow parameters and w1. Analyses by order and sex grouping
      revealed, for the flow parameters, significant interactions of test-retest
      difference with order. Repeated initial studies showed reduced CBF from the first
      to second measurement, whereas resting studies performed later in the series
      showed no reduction. Interactions for test-retest difference with sex indicated
      that reduced CBF in serial measures was more pronounced for women. No hemispheric
      or regional specificity to account for these effects was found. Correction for
      PaCO2 differences did not alter these results. The results resemble data
      regarding habituation effects measured for other psychophysiologic measures, and
      suggest that reduction in CBF for consecutive measurements made on the same day
      may reflect habituation. This underscores the importance of controlling for
      effects of habituation on serial measurements of CBF and metabolism.

PMID- 3693428
TI  - Small differences in intraischemic brain temperature critically determine the
      extent of ischemic neuronal injury.
AB  - We have tested whether small intraischemic variations in brain temperature
      influence the outcome of transient ischemia. To measure brain temperature, a
      thermocouple probe was placed stereotaxically into the left dorsolateral striatum
      of rats prior to 20 min of four-vessel occlusion. Rectal temperature was
      maintained at 36-37 degrees C by a heating lamp, and striatal temperature prior
      to ischemia was 36 degrees C in all animals. Six animal subgroups were
      investigated, including rats whose intraischemic striatal brain temperature was
      not regulated, or was maintained at 33, 34, 36, or 39 degrees C. Postischemic
      brain temperature was regulated at 36 degrees C, except for one group in which
      brain temperature was lowered from 36 degrees C to 33 degrees C during the first
      hour of recirculation. Energy metabolites were measured at the end of the
      ischemic insult, and histopathological evaluation was carried out at 3 days after
      ischemia. Intraischemic variations in brain temperature had no significant
      influence on energy metabolite levels measured at the conclusion of ischemia:
      Severe depletion of brain ATP, phosphocreatine, glucose, and glycogen and
      elevation of lactate were observed to a similar degree in all experimental
      groups. The histopathological consequences of ischemia, however, were markedly
      influenced by variations in intraischemic brain temperature. In the hippocampus,
      CA1 neurons were consistently damaged at 36 degrees C, but not at 34 degrees C.
      Within the dorsolateral striatum, ischemic cell change was present in 100% of the
      hemispheres at 36 degrees C, but in only 50% at 34 degrees C. Ischemic neurons
      within the central zone of striatum were not observed in any rats at 34 degrees
      C, but in all rats at 36 degrees C. In rats whose striatal temperature was not
      controlled, brain temperature fell from 36 to 30-31 degrees C during the ischemic
      insult. In this group, no ischemic cell change was seen within striatal areas and
      was only inconsistently documented within the CA1 hippocampal region. These
      results demonstrate that (a) rectal temperature unreliably reflects brain
      temperature during ischemia; (b) despite severe depletion of brain energy
      metabolites during ischemia at all temperatures, small increments of
      intraischemic brain temperature markedly accentuate histopathological changes
      following 3-day survival; and (c) brain temperature must be controlled above 33
      degrees C in order to ensure a consistent histopathological outcome. Lowering of
      the brain temperature by only a few degrees during ischemia confers a marked
      protective effect.

PMID- 3693429
TI  - Hematocrit in cerebral capillaries and veins under control and ischemic
      conditions.
AB  - Red blood cell concentration and hematocrit were assessed in the blood flowing in
      the capillaries of rabbit cerebral cortex (in unstained histologic sections
      prepared after in situ fixation of the tissue) and in the blood samples taken
      from the respective veins using direct, quantitative techniques. The values
      appeared to be significantly higher in veins than in capillaries under control
      conditions. With the development of cerebral ischemia, when the blood flow in the
      cortex was reduced to almost half of the control level, red cell concentration
      and hematocrit in the blood were found to decrease markedly both in the
      capillaries and veins of the brain, while in the femoral veins of the same
      animals the values remained essentially unchanged.

PMID- 3693430
TI  - Cerebral ischemia and reperfusion: prevention of brain mitochondrial injury by
      lidoflazine.
AB  - Mitochondrial degradation is implicated in the irreversible cell damage that can
      occur during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. In this study, the effects of 10
      min of ventricular fibrillation and 100 min of spontaneous circulation on brain
      mitochondrial function was studied in dogs in the absence and presence of
      pretreatment with the Ca2+ antagonist lidoflazine. Twenty-three beagles were
      separated into four experimental groups: (i) nonischemic controls (ii) those
      undergoing 10-min ventricular fibrillation, (iii) those undergoing 10-min
      ventricular fibrillation pretreated with 1 mg/kg lidoflazine i.v., and (iv) those
      undergoing 10-min ventricular fibrillation followed by spontaneous circulation
      for 100 min. Brain mitochondria were isolated and tested for their ability to
      respire and accumulate calcium in a physiological test medium. There was a 35%
      decrease in the rate of phosphorylating respiration (ATP production) following 10
      min of complete cerebral ischemia. Those animals pretreated with lidoflazine
      showed significantly less decline in phosphorylating respiration (16%) when
      compared with nontreated dogs. Resting and uncoupled respiration also declined
      following 10 min of fibrillatory arrest. One hundred minutes of spontaneous
      circulation following 10 min of ventricular fibrillation and 3 min of open-chest
      cardiac massage provided complete recovery of normal mitochondrial respiration.
      Energy-dependent Ca2+ accumulation by isolated brain mitochondria was unimpaired
      by 10 min of complete cerebral ischemia. However, by 100 min after resuscitation,
      there was a small, but significant rise in the capacity for mitochondrial Ca2+
      sequestration when compared to either control or fibrillated groups.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3693431
TI  - The effect of hypoxia on traumatic head injury in rats: alterations in neurologic
      function, brain edema, and cerebral blood flow.
AB  - We evaluated the effects of early posttraumatic hypoxia on neurologic function,
      magnetic resonance images (MRI), brain tissue specific gravities, and cerebral
      blood flow (CBF) in head-injured rats. By itself, an hypoxic insult (PaO2 40 mm
      Hg for 30 min) had little effect on any measure of cerebral function. After
      temporal fluid-percussion impact injury, however, hypoxia significantly increased
      morbidity. Of rats subjected to impact (4.9 +/- 0.3 atm) plus hypoxia, 71% had
      motor weakness contralateral to the impact side 24 h after injury, while only 29%
      of rats subjected to impact alone had demonstrable weakness (p less than 0.05).
      Lesions observed on MR images 24 h after injury were restricted to the impact
      site in rats with impact injury alone, but extensive areas with longer T1
      relaxation times were observed throughout the ipsilateral cortex in rats with
      impact injury and hypoxic insult. Brain tissue specific gravity measurements
      indicated that much more widespread and severe edema developed in rats with
      impact injury and hypoxia. [14C]Iodoantipyrine autoradiography performed 24 h
      after injury showed that there was extensive hypoperfusion of the entire
      ipsilateral cortex in rats with impact injury and hypoxia. These results show
      that large areas of impact-injured brain are extremely vulnerable to secondary
      insults that can irreparably damage neural tissue, and provide experimental
      evidence for the observed adverse effects of hypoxia on outcome after human head
      injury.

PMID- 3693432
TI  - Reduction of cerebral blood flow in subclinical hepatic encephalopathy and its
      correlation with plasma-free tryptophan.
AB  - Cerebral blood flow (CBF), measured by the noninvasive xenon-133 inhalation
      method, EEG, and plasma levels of ammonia (NH3) and free tryptophan were
      determined in 18 hospitalized cirrhotic patients affected with subclinical
      hepatic encephalopathy, as diagnosed by the Kurtz test. CBF results were
      significantly lower (p less than 0.001) in the patients' group as compared with a
      sex- and age-matched normal control population, although seven patients had
      values in the normal range. NH3 was increased only in six, while free tryptophan
      was increased in all but two patients. A significant negative correlation (p =
      0.02) between CBF and free tryptophan was found, even though it appears to be
      difficult to interpret. We suggest that CBF impairment in some cirrhotic patients
      with subclinical hepatic encephalopathy may be related to the systemic metabolic
      derangement caused by the liver disease; free tryptophan could have some
      implication in producing CBF reduction.

PMID- 3693433
TI  - Experimental model for repetitive ischemic attacks in the gerbil: the cumulative
      effect of repeated ischemic insults.
AB  - An experimental model for repeated ischemic attacks, which allows easy induction
      of cerebral ischemia of any desired duration and frequency, has been developed in
      the gerbil. With this procedure, a pronounced cumulative effect on development of
      edema and tissue injury was observed using 3 separate, 5-min bilateral occlusions
      of the common carotid arteries spaced at various time intervals. This effect was
      most evident when the occlusions were carried out at 1-h intervals, i.e., during
      the period of marked postischemic hypoperfusion. Such animals, killed after 24 h
      of recirculation, showed significantly more severe edema and brain tissue injury
      in the areas exposed to ischemia than was observed in animals killed 24 h after
      single 5- or 15-min occlusions. The changes of regional CBF, assayed with a
      [3H]nicotine method, indicated a relatively rapid onset of hypoperfusion of
      similar degree after each release of arterial occlusion. The hypoperfusion
      recovered significantly within 6 h of recirculation following either single or
      multiple occlusions, and no residual hypoperfusion was observed in animals which,
      when killed at 24 h, showed severe edema and brain tissue injury. This model
      should prove useful in elucidating the pathophysiological mechanisms operative in
      repetitive cerebral ischemia.

PMID- 3693434
TI  - Brain phenobarbital uptake during prolonged status epilepticus.
AB  - The brain uptake of phenobarbital during prolonged status epilepticus (3 h) was
      studied in paralyzed, ventilated sheep. The first 30 min of status epilepticus
      was characterized by systemic hypertension, increased CBF, increased peripheral
      vascular resistance, a fall in brain pH, and an elevation in brain lactate
      concentrations. Subsequently, hemodynamic factors normalized and brain acidosis
      persisted. Phenobarbital administered during the early phase of status
      epilepticus produced higher levels of brain phenobarbital concentration, which
      was greatest at the earliest sample time (5 min following infusion), compared to
      nonseizure controls. This elevation persisted for the first 3 h following the
      infusion. Phenobarbital administration during the established phase of status
      epilepticus, when systemic blood pressure, peripheral vascular resistance, and
      CBF had returned to preseizure values, resulted in attenuated brain phenobarbital
      uptake not different from controls for the first 30 min. These results are
      explained by disruption of the blood-brain barrier to phenobarbital during the
      early (hypertensive) phase of status epilepticus.

PMID- 3693435
TI  - Electrolyte shifts between brain and plasma in hypoglycemic coma.
AB  - Hypoglycemia of sufficient severity to cause cessation of EEG activity (coma) is
      accompanied by energy failure and by loss of ion homeostasis, the latter
      encompassing a marked rise in extracellular fluid (ECF) K+ concentration and a
      fall in ECF Ca2+ concentration. Presumably, ECF Na+ concentration decreases as
      well. In the present study, the extent that the altered ECF-plasma gradients give
      rise to net ion fluxes between plasma and tissue is explored. Accordingly, whole
      tissue contents of Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and Na+ were measured. The experiments were
      carried out in anaesthetized and artificially ventilated rats given insulin i.p.;
      cerebral cortical tissue was sampled at the stage of slow-wave EEG activity,
      after 10, 30, and 60 min of coma (defined as isoelectric EEG), as well as after
      1.5, 6, and 24 h of recovery. In the precomatose animals (with a slow-wave EEG
      pattern), no changes in electrolyte contents were observed. During coma, tissue
      Na+ content increased progressively and the K+ content fell (each by 20 mumol g-1
      during 60 min). During recovery, these alterations were reversed within the first
      6 h. The Mg2+ content remained unchanged. In spite of the appreciable plasma to
      ECF Ca2+ gradient, no significant calcium accumulation was observed. It is
      concluded significant calcium accumulation was observed. It is concluded that
      hypoglycemia leads to irreversible neuronal necrosis in the absence of gross
      accumulation of calcium in the tissue.

PMID- 3693436
TI  - Protective action of 1,3-butanediol in cerebral ischemia. A neurologic,
      histologic, and metabolic study.
AB  - 1,3-Butanediol (BD) is converted in the body to beta-hydroxybutyrate, and
      previous studies have shown that hyperketonemia had beneficial effects in
      experimental models of generalized hypoxia. The aim of this study was to
      determine if BD would reduce brain damage following cerebral ischemia. A
      transient forebrain ischemia of 30-min duration was induced by the four-vessel
      occlusion technique in control and BD-treated rats (25 mmol/kg, i.p.; 30 min
      prior to ischemia). BD treatment led to significant improvement of neurologic
      deficit during the 72-h recovery period and reduced neuronal damage in the
      striatum and cortex but not in the CA1 sector of the hippocampus. Evaluation of
      cerebral energy metabolism before and at the end of the ischemic period showed
      that the treatment did not change the preischemic glycolytic and energy
      metabolite levels but attenuated the ischemia-induced metabolic alterations. It
      increased energy charge, phosphocreatine, and glucose levels, and reduced lactate
      accumulation. The decrease in brain lactate concentration might account for the
      beneficial effects of BD by minimizing the neuropathological consequences of
      lactic acidosis.

PMID- 3693437
TI  - Characteristics of aminopeptidase activity from bovine brain microvessel
      endothelium.
AB  - Blood-brain barrier (BBB) aminopeptidase activity was investigated using an in
      vitro model consisting of primary cultures of brain microvessel endothelium.
      Using two different substrates, both membrane-bound and soluble aminopeptidases
      were found to be associated with brain endothelium. That the enzyme activity was
      aminopeptidase activity was confirmed with the competitive inhibition of
      substrate degradation by typical aminopeptidase inhibitors puromycin and
      bestatin. The aminopeptidase activity was also competitively inhibited by
      enkephalin, met-enkephalin, and leu-enkephalin. Results from parallel experiments
      with cerebral gray matter and kidney confirm assay conditions. This report
      supports previous suggestions that aminopeptidases of the enzymatic BBB may play
      a role in regulating levels of circulating neuropeptides in the
      cerebrovasculature.

PMID- 3693438
TI  - [Biliary pancreatitis: when is surgery indicated?].
AB  - Retrospective analysis of a homogeneous group of 48 patients admitted with acute
      pancreatitis of biliary origin showed that 60% were in a serious condition. A
      total of 41 patients were operated upon, 25 in the early stages, 13 within a
      month, and 3 at some time after the acute episode. Lithiasis of the common bile
      duct was detected in 48, 23 and 33% of cases respectively; 9 calculi were
      enclaved including 7 in the early operated group. Cholecystectomy was combined
      with external drainage in 24 cases, choledocho-duodenal anastomosis in 3 and
      sphincterectomy in one; surgery to pancreas was necessary 17 times (necrosectomy
      in 13 and pancreatectomy in 4). 3 patients received endoscopic treatment and 4
      were not operated upon. Ten patients died, including 8 in the early operated
      group. A literature review suggests that operation should be deferred (10th day),
      reducing severity of immediate surgery and avoiding risk of short or long term
      recurrence. The place of endoscopic sphincterectomy, notably in severe forms, has
      not been established.

PMID- 3693439
TI  - [Multiple wounds caused by a 5.56 mm bullet: the Famas, a competitive weapon].
AB  - A case is reported of multiple wounds to abdomen and spine from a 5.56 mm bullet.
      Differing from currently used weapons, a high speed bullet is projected producing
      damage that has been studied precisely and compared with lesions caused by
      conventional bullets. The weapon responsible is progressively equipping a certain
      number of French regiments.

PMID- 3693440
TI  - [Subperiosteal (juxtacortical) chondroma of the hand. Apropos of 4 cases].
AB  - The subperiosteal type of chondroma of hand is reputedly rare. Four such cases
      are reported two in adolescents, one in a child and one in an adult. The
      chondroma being localized to the phalanges, its most frequent development site.
      In one patient multiple chondromata were present. The relevant literature and
      typical characters of these subperiosteal chondromata are reviewed. Radiological
      images show clearly outlined tumors due to peripheral calcification. Treatment is
      surgical by block excision through healthy bone, this avoiding recurrence.

PMID- 3693441
TI  - [Ambulatory surgical treatment of uncomplicated inguinal hernia with minimal
      local anesthesia].
AB  - At a time when scientific progress is to the forefront in the field of
      anesthesia, by the increased knowledge and use of anesthetic drugs and their
      antidotes, and by the increasing sophistication of anesthetic and intensive care
      apparatuses, it could appear absurd to wish to make local anesthesia in treatment
      of uncomplicated inguinal hernia a commonplace procedure. However, confronted
      with the usual risks of general anesthesia and the minimal incidence of accidents
      after local injection of 2% xylocaine, the authors have developed a technique of
      infiltration of certain key-zones to ensure maximum effectiveness of 4 to 6 cc of
      the compound. Results are reported of the use of the method in 100 ambulatory
      patients, age range 15 to 70 years, of both sexes. A full discussion on the
      procedure adopted follows a brief summary of the anatomy and nerve supply of the
      inguinal region.

PMID- 3693442
TI  - [Truncal vagotomy in the posterior inframediastinal space by abdominal approach
      with suprahiatal phrenotomy].
AB  - A proposed procedure for truncal vagotomy uses an abdominal approach with a short
      posterior phrenotomy above the hiatal orifice. A gastric emptying operation is
      obviously combined. The aim is to avoid exposing the abdominal esophagus in case
      of postoperative symphysis or when it is preferable to avoid altering normal
      morphology and functioning of the esophago-cardio-tuberosital junction. This
      procedure can be useful in certain particular cases to perform vagotomy in the
      posterior infra-mediastinal space.

PMID- 3693443
TI  - [Pelvic actinomycosis associated with an intrauterine device. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 3693444
TI  - [Hydatid cyst of the pelvic bones. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 3693445
TI  - [Indications of intraluminal shunt. In carotid surgery].
AB  - The essential clamping during carotid artery surgery requires different
      procedures for cerebral protection. Most surgeons prefer the use of an intra
      luminal shunt allowing conservation of a part of the proximal carotid artery. A
      study was conducted to compare two statistically similar series of 50 patients
      (with a residual pressure of less than 50 mmHg) treated or not by intra-luminal
      shunts. Results showed a significant difference with respect to early
      postoperative neurologic accidents between the groups operated without (8%
      accidents) and with (0%) shunts. Precise indications for the use of this
      procedure are discussed in relation to pre- and peri-operative findings, with the
      aim of reducing the incidence of postoperative neurologic complications.

PMID- 3693446
TI  - [Primary aortoduodenal fistula of tuberculous origin].
AB  - This case of aorto-duodenal fistula was due to fistulization of a tuberculous
      lymph node between an atheromatous aneurysm of the infra-renal aorta and the
      third part of the duodenum. CAT scan provided the diagnosis of an aorto-duodenal
      fistula. The tuberculous origin of the fistula was confirmed by bacteriological
      and histological examinations. The outcome was favourable after revascularisation
      "in situ" combined with epiplooplasty and prolonged antituberculous drug therapy.

PMID- 3693447
TI  - [Giant fibrovascular polyp of the esophagus. Apropos of a case. Review of the
      literature].
AB  - Two operations were necessary to establish the diagnosis, in a patient with giant
      fibrovascular polyp of esophagus, imaging data suggesting an erroneous
      perioperative diagnosis of idiopathic mega-esophagus. This intraluminal tumor is
      benign and pedunculated, the symptoms arising from the esophageal obstruction.
      During vomiting, blockage at the laryngeal level by the fibrovascular polyp can
      provoke an acute asphyxia. Treatment is a function of polyp size, small tumors
      being removed endoscopically with the ever present risk of hemorrhage. Large
      tumors require surgery, the approach depending on the pedicle site.

PMID- 3693448
TI  - [Surgical technic for the excision of subclinical radiologic anomalies of the
      breast].
AB  - Routine mammography screening can detect radiologically evident but subclinical
      breast anomalies. Insofar as these anomalies can correspond to carcinoma, either
      in situ or invasive, surgeons are increasingly forced to operate on non-palpable
      breast lesions. A regulated and strict surgical technic is necessary to ensure
      exeresis of a radiologically detected focus, while avoiding sufficient adjacent
      healthy parenchyma and thus reducing the esthetic prejudice to a minimum.
      Technical artifices are described to assist compliance with these imperatives.
      First, the periareolar incision is chosen, as a principle, for its cosmetic
      qualities. Insofar as it provides an often limited approach it can be extended
      radially. The latter is concealed during closure without major alteration to the
      areola. Second, the radiating exeresis assists detection and is safer. It also
      provides glandular reconstruction of good esthetic quality and facilitates follow
      up surveillance.

PMID- 3693449
TI  - [Cystic parathyroid adenoma: an unusual case].

PMID- 3693450
TI  - [Pseudo-ovarian primary peritoneal carcinosis. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 3693451
TI  - [Spontaneous pneumothorax, the 1st sign of cancer of the pancreas].

PMID- 3693452
TI  - [Acute peritonitis caused by a ruptured splenic abscess].

PMID- 3693453
TI  - Attempted sounds are sometimes not: an expanded view of phonological selection
      and avoidance.

PMID- 3693454
TI  - Individual variation and its relevance to a theory of phonological acquisition.

PMID- 3693455
TI  - Age-relation, reliability and grammatical validity of measures of utterance
      length.

PMID- 3693456
TI  - The role of the initial utterance in contingent query sequences: its influence on
      responses to requests for clarification.

PMID- 3693457
TI  - Child characteristics and maternal speech.

PMID- 3693458
TI  - The contrastive hypothesis for the acquisition of word meaning: a reconsideration
      of the theory.

PMID- 3693459
TI  - The acquisition of temporal terms.

PMID- 3693460
TI  - Types of linguistic knowledge: interpreting and producing compound nouns.

PMID- 3693461
TI  - Sentence comprehension in Hungarian-Russian bilingual and monolingual preschool
      children.

PMID- 3693462
TI  - New solvent system for high-performance thin-layer chromatography and high
      performance liquid chromatography of gangliosides.
AB  - New solvent systems consisting of acetonitrile, isopropanol and aqueous 50 mM
      potassium chloride or 2.5 M ammonium hydroxide were developed for the separation
      of gangliosides by high-performance thin-layer chromatography. These solvent
      systems seem to be superior for the resolution of polysialogangliosides such as
      tetra-, penta- and hexasialo species, as compared to chloroform-methanol-aqueous
      salt systems. The order of mobility of gangliosides in the ammoniacal solvent
      system is GD3 greater than GD1a greater than GM1 greater than GT1b greater than
      GD1b as compared with GM1 greater than GD3, GD1a greater than GD1b greater than
      GT1b in the neutral septem. A combination of these two solvent systems provides
      excellent two-dimensional separations of complex ganglioside mixtures. The
      neutral solvent system, acetonitrile-isopropanol-aqueous 50 mM potassium
      chloride, can be used for the separation of underivatized gangliosides by high
      performance liquid chromatography on an Aquasil SS silica gel column. Ganglioside
      elution can be monitored at 208 nm because of the good UV-transparency of the
      effluent.

PMID- 3693463
TI  - Chromatographic separation of racemic amino acids by use of chiral crown ether
      coated reversed-phase packings.
AB  - Chromatographic packings for optical resolution of underivatized racemic amino
      acids were prepared by dynamic coating of a chiral crown ether on reversed-phase
      packings, and their characteristics were examined. Almost all the amino acids
      commonly found in proteins were finely separated into their enantiomers when a
      dilute aqueous solution of perchloric acid was used as the eluent. The
      enantiomers forming more stable complexes with the chiral crown ether were eluted
      after those forming less stable complexes. The retention and resolution of
      racemic amino acids depended on the eluent, the column temperature and the amount
      of crown ether coated. The separation coefficients, alpha, increased with
      decreasing column temperature and/or with increasing amount of crown ether
      coated.

PMID- 3693464
TI  - Ultraviolet spectrometric detection for gas chromatography of polynuclear
      aromatic compounds with repetitive spectral scans using absorbance and concurrent
      fluorescence measurements.
AB  - A computer-controlled ultraviolet spectrometric detection system for gas
      chromatography (GC) is described which acquires absorption spectra of gas-phase
      GC effluents at rates up to two 62-nm scans per s. Concurrent fluorescence
      measurements enhance the selectivity of this detection system, providing
      additional qualitative information. The system has been designed to preserve
      chromatographic resolution and is selective for aromatic compounds. This multi
      mode GC detection is demonstrated through GC separations of polynuclear aromatic
      compounds with limits of detection ranging from 30 to 70 ng for absorbance
      measurements. The spectral information obtained with this detection system may be
      used for compound identification, enhancement of the selectivity and for
      resolving co-eluting GC eluites.

PMID- 3693465
TI  - Quantitative analysis of oxytetracycline and related substances by high
      performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - Isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography on PLRP-S 8-microns poly(styrene
      divinylbenzene) copolymer allows complete separation of oxytetracycline, 4
      epioxytetracycline, tetracycline, anhydrooxytetracycline, alpha- and beta
      apooxytetracycline. The mobile phase was tert.-butanol-0.2 M phosphate buffer pH
      8.0-0.02 M tetrabutylammonium sulphate pH 8-0.0001 M sodium
      ethylenediaminetetraacetate pH 8.0-water (5.9:10:5:10:78.1, m/v/v/v/v). With this
      isocratic method, 2-acetyl-2-decarboxamidooxytetracycline is only partly resolved
      from oxytetracycline. The separation and the detection limits can be improved by
      the use of gradient elution. Gradient elution was used for the comparison of
      official standards and for the analysis of a number of commercial samples, and to
      monitor the stability of oxytetracycline hydrochloride during storage in the
      solid state for about 6 years at various temperatures.

PMID- 3693466
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic identification and determination of
      dithiocarbamates in vulcanized rubber products.
AB  - A method was developed for the high-performance liquid chromatographic
      determination of dithiocarbamates (DTCs), after conversion of zinc
      dithiocarbamates into the corresponding cobalt(III) complexes. When shaking a
      chloroform-acetone extract from a rubber sample with cobalt(II) chloride, mixed
      ligand cobalt(III) complexes were often formed because of the coexistence of more
      than two kinds of zinc dithiocarbamates in the rubber sample. The chromatograms
      were so complicated that DTCs could not easily be determined in the usual manner.
      However, it was possible to identify and to quantify DTCs by comparing retention
      times and relative intensities of the multiple peaks of the cobalt(III) complexes
      obtained from standard mixtures of zinc dithiocarbamates.

PMID- 3693467
TI  - Analysis of manufacturing by-products and impurities in illicit cocaine via high
      performance liquid chromatography and photodiode array detection.
AB  - An high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method is reported for the
      detection of manufacturing by-products and impurities in illicitly produced
      cocaine. For the first time peak enriched chromatograms were obtained using HPLC,
      and were accomplished using reversed-phase chromatography and photodiode array
      detection. The use of sodium dodecylsulfate as an ion-pairing reagent permitted
      the simultaneous separation of acids, mono-protic amines and di-protic amines,
      and, in combination with gradient elution, greatly increased the number of
      compounds separated. A mixed binary-ternary gradient was used to further optimize
      the separation. Dual UV detection at 215 and 277 nm was used. The chromatogram at
      215 nm consisted first of carboxylic acids such as benzoic acid, cinnamic acid
      (cis and trans) and several isomers of truxillic and truxinic acid; next the mono
      protic amines benzoylecgonine and cinnamoylcocaine (cis and trans); and last a
      group of compounds which are believed to be isomers of the di-protic amine
      truxilline. In addition, simultaneous detection at 277 nm permitted the selective
      detection of various compounds, some of which are additional components. The
      rapid acquisition of UV spectra greatly facilitated compound identification.

PMID- 3693469
TI  - Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of soybean trypsin
      inhibitor with optical activity and ultraviolet absorbance detection.
AB  - The high-performance liquid chromatography of soybean trypsin inhibitor is re
      examined by using simultaneous optical activity and ultraviolet absorption
      detection. Ratio plots of the two detector responses allow easy identification of
      impurities that are not related to the protein. The specific rotations of each of
      the separated components can be derived. We find that one denatured form has a
      distinctly lower specific rotation while another form shows no change in specific
      rotation. The on-column denaturation rate here was found to be slower than that
      from previous work. Column pretreatment may have resulted in milder column
      conditions through the elimination of irreversibly adsorbing sites.

PMID- 3693468
TI  - Determination of p-cresidine in FD&C red no. 40 by the diazotization and coupling
      procedure followed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - The free aromatic amine p-cresidine is determined at low ppb (10(9] levels in the
      regulated color additive FD&C Red No. 40. The determination involves chloroform
      extraction of p-cresidine and other unsulfonated impurities from the color
      additive, followed by diazotization of the aromatic amines and coupling with the
      disodium salt of 3-hydroxy-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid (R-salt). The coupling
      products are then determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid
      chromatography. Calibration is performed in the presence of the color additive by
      using the external standard method. The identity of the p-cresidine coupling
      product is confirmed by obtaining a UV-VIS spectrum of the eluting solute. The
      presence of aniline in commercial batches is also confirmed in this manner by
      using 4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-1-(4-sulfophenyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid
      (pyrazolone-T) as an alternative coupling agent.

PMID- 3693470
TI  - Analysis of amphoteric surfactants of the alkylaminopropylglycine type by gas
      chromatography.
AB  - A procedure was developed for gas chromatographic analysis of glycine-type
      amphoteric surfactants. The commercial samples contained N
      alkylaminopropylglycines, N-alkylamines and N-alkylaminopropylamines. Some di-
      and triacids were also detected. The method proposed allows a good separation
      according to both the carbon number and the chemical function.

PMID- 3693471
TI  - Fractionation of plant and animal high mobility group chromosomal proteins by ion
      exchange and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A method for purifying wheat high mobility group (HMG) chromosomal proteins using
      a combination of weak cation-exchange and reversed-phase high-performance liquid
      chromatography (HPLC) is described. Previously reported HPLC systems devised for
      fractionating HMG proteins of vertebrate animals are not effective for the plant
      proteins. The system described here can be used for the fractionation of both
      plant and animal HMG proteins.

PMID- 3693472
TI  - Determination of ascorbic acid in beers by high-performance liquid chromatography
      with electrochemical detection.
AB  - A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method with
      electrochemical detection was developed for the determination of ascorbic acid in
      beers at the nanogram level. The column was packed with C18 bonded silica,
      commercially available or prepared in the laboratory. The eluent was a citrate
      buffer solution with an ion-pairing reagent. Several fatty amines were tested as
      such reagents. Good recoveries indicated that no interfering substances were
      eluted together with ascorbic acid. The main advantages are the rapid and simple
      preparation of the samples and the specificity and sensitivity of the detector,
      which are superior to those of any other detection systems proposed for the
      determination of ascorbic acid in beers.

PMID- 3693473
TI  - Rapid determination of simazine and atrazine in water at the parts per trillion
      (10(12) level. Extraction by a miniaturized carbopack B trap followed by high
      performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A rapid and simple method for the determination of trace amounts of simazine and
      atrazine in water is described. A 250-ml volume of water is pre-concentrated by
      passage at a flow-rate of about 30 ml/min through a small trap containing 50 mg
      of graphitized carbon black (Carbopack B). After washing with 150 microliters of
      methanol, the two herbicides are desorbed with 700 microliters of dichloromethane
      methanol (60:40, v/v). After removal, of the solvent, the extracted sample is
      fractionated and analysed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid
      chromatography with UV detection at 220 nm. A single assay can be completed
      within 40 min from the receipt of the water sample. Recoveries of simazine and
      atrazine added to 250 ml of water at the level of 50 ng/l were 97.2 and 95.8% and
      the limits of detection were 0.07 and 0.15 ng. respectively. At the 50 ng/l level
      in water, the coefficients of variation for simazine and atrazine were 3.7 and
      4.0% (n = 7), respectively.

PMID- 3693474
TI  - Quantitative analyses of polar components in frying oils by the iatroscan thin
      layer chromatography-flame ionization detection technique.
AB  - Frying oils collected in restaurants were fractionated into a polar and a non
      polar fraction by the Iatroscan thin-layer chromatography-flame ionization
      detection (TLC-FID) system on Chromarod S II using hexane-diethyl ether-acetic
      acid (97:3:1) as the solvent system. The FID responses for Iatroscan analyses of
      the polar and the non-polar fraction isolated from a frying oil by column
      chromatography on a 5% hydrated silicic acid were studied at Chromarod load
      levels ranging from 1 to 16 micrograms, relative to methyl heptadecanoate as the
      internal standard. The correction factors were relatively constant in the range
      10-16 micrograms, but increased in the range 1-5 micrograms. The amount of polar
      material in ten commercial frying oil samples was quantitated by the Iatroscan
      TLC-FID technique. Good correlations were found between the results and data
      obtained by column chromatography and silica gel Sep-Pak cartridges.

PMID- 3693475
TI  - Use of cyclodextrins in isotachophoresis. I. Effect of cyclodextrin on the
      isotachophoretic separation of related penicillins.

PMID- 3693476
TI  - Determination of minoxidil in pharmaceutical forms by capillary isotachophoresis.

PMID- 3693477
TI  - Determination of beta-phenylalkylamines in pharmaceutical preparations by
      analytical capillary isotachophoresis.

PMID- 3693478
TI  - Resolution of proteins in linear gradient elution ion-exchange and hydrophobic
      interaction chromatography.
AB  - The following equation was derived for the resolution, Rs, of proteins in linear
      gradient elution ion-exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography: Rs
      alpha [(column length.molecular diffusivity)/(slope of the gradient.column gel
      volume.linear mobile phase velocity.particle diameter2)]1/2. Experimental results
      obtained under a wide range of experimental conditions (column length, 1-30 cm;
      particle diameter, 37-92 micron; linear mobile phase velocity, 0.2-3.5 cm/min;
      temperature, 15-35 degrees C) have shown that this relationship is valid except
      for very short columns with a shallow slope of the gradient and for low flow
      rates. The relationship is very useful for scaling-up the linear gradient elution
      of proteins from data obtained with small columns.

PMID- 3693479
TI  - Influence of pore and particle size on the frontal uptake of proteins.
      Implications for preparative anion-exchange chromatography.
AB  - Several silica-based anion-exchange packings were synthesized with nominal pore
      sizes of 250, 500 and 1000 A in 10-, 20- and 50-micron particles. The static
      ("equilibrium") adsorption capacities for bovene serum albumin (mol. wt. 69,000),
      alpha-lactalbumin (17,500) and ferritin (440,000) were first measured using bulk
      material. The media were then packed into columns for frontal uptake experiments
      to measure adsorption from a flowing mobile phase. In general, frontal uptake was
      inversely related to both flow-rate and particle size. However, the magnitude of
      these relationships was strongly dependent on the pore to protein diameter ratio.
      More specifically, the uptake of bovine serum albumin was significantly more
      sensitive to linear velocity and particle size than alpha-lactalbumin. A
      mathematical model of the chromatographic process was used to calculate radial
      adsorption profiles across the chromatographic particle during frontal uptake. It
      was shown that restricted intraparticle diffusion due to insufficient pore size
      causes incomplete utilization of internal surface area. Under such conditions,
      protein is only bound within a finite shell on the outermost side of the
      particle; therefore, the effective loadability of the packing is greatly reduced.
      These data suggest that a pore size of at least 500 A will be required for the
      preparative chromatography of proteins with a molecular weight higher than ca.
      100,000. This observation is especially evident when using particle sizes greater
      than 10 micron.

PMID- 3693480
TI  - Solubility properties in polymers and biological media. II. A new method for the
      characterisation of the adsorption of gases and vapours on solids.
AB  - Henry's constants at zero solute pressure have been determined by the gas
      chromatographic peak shape method for twenty-two solutes on four adsorbents (Rohm
      and Haas Ambersorb XE-348F carbonaceous adsorbent at 323 and 373 K, Sutcliffe
      Speakman 207A and 207C at 323 K, and Calgon Filtrasorb activated carbon at 323
      K). The limiting values of log KH have been analysed in terms of solute
      dipolarity (pi 2*), solute hydrogen-bond acidity (alpha 2), and basicity (beta
      2), and a new solute parameter (log L16), the solute Ostwald absorption
      coefficient on eta-hexadecane. The multiple linear regression equation, SP = SP0
      + l.log L16 + s(pi 2* + d delta 2) + a alpha 2 + b beta 2 where in this instance
      SP = -log KH, can be used to identify the nature of the solute-adsorbent
      interactions, and to predict further values of log KH. For the solutes and solids
      we have studied, only the l.log L16 term is statistically significant, and hence-
      log KH is proportional to l.log L16. It is concluded that interactions between
      the gaseous solutes (that include alcohols and amines) and the four adsorbents
      involve just general dispersion forces.

PMID- 3693481
TI  - Separation of modified nucleic acid constituents by micellar electrokinetic
      capillary chromatography.
AB  - Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography offers a high-resolution
      microanalytical technique useful for adducted and modified nucleic acid
      constituents. A mixture of 14 normal and modified deoxyribonucleosides,
      deoxyribomononucleotides, a ribonucleoside and a pyrimidine can be resolved in
      less than 40 min using 10 kV of separating voltage, 0.075 M sodium dodecylsulfate
      micelles in phosphate-borate buffer, and a 68.5 cm X 60 micron I.D. fused-silica
      column. Efficiencies up to 370,000 theoretical plates (540,000 plates/m) are
      achieved, but are highly dependent on solute concentration. The limit of
      detection for 2'-deoxyguanosine under high-resolution conditions is ca. 18 pg at
      a signal-to-noise ratio of 4, but the very small injection volumes (ca. 1.5 nl)
      limit the minimum detectable sample solution concentration to ca. 42 nmol/ml.

PMID- 3693482
TI  - Chemical changes of organic compounds in chlorinated water. XIV. Characterization
      and determination of halogenated organics formed during chlorination of water
      from the Tama River.
AB  - Water samples collected from the Tama River were treated with chlorine under the
      conditions utilized for water renovation, in order to characterize and determine
      the halogenated organics formed in this reaction. It was found that the
      concentrations and compositions of organic halogens in chlorinated river water
      are strongly dependent on the sampling points. Chlorinated river-water showed
      total trihalomethane (THM) levels ranging from 26 to 96 micrograms/l. Higher
      concentrations of THMs and a high ratio of brominated THMs to total THMs were
      found on chlorination of water samples taken from the midstream of the Tama
      River, as compared with those observed from the upstream. The range of non
      purgeable (NPOX) and n-hexane-extractable organic halogen (EOX) levels in the
      chlorinated river-water was from 146 to 417 microgram/l and from 15 to 105
      micrograms/l, respectively. Gas chromatographic analyses of n-hexane extracts
      demonstrated that chlorine treatment of river-water not only produces, in
      addition to THMs, new lower-molecular-weight and chromatographiable organic
      halogen compounds (COX), but also decomposes the original halogenated organics
      present. The amounts of THMs, COX, EOX and NPOX in chlorine-treated river-water
      were found to be dependent on the pH of the solutions.

PMID- 3693483
TI  - Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of protected peptide
      segments.
AB  - There is little evidence that reversed-phase high-performance liquid
      chromatography can be successfully used in the analysis of protected peptide
      segments. The use of C18 and CN packings and mobile phases containing water
      acetonitrile with or without propionic acid in the separation of complex mixtures
      of synthetic protected peptides is reported. CN packings show a lower efficiency
      and exhibit poorer resolution than C18 packings but provide different
      separations. The addition of propionic acid to the mobile phase increases the
      retention time of peptides but also provides dramatic and useful changes in
      selectivity. Retention is not related to the molecular mass of the protected
      peptides but mainly to their hydrophobicity.

PMID- 3693484
TI  - Molecular species analysis of lysophospholipids using high-performance liquid
      chromatography and argentation thin-layer chromatography.
AB  - Separation of the dimethyl ester derivative of lysophosphatidic acid into
      component molecular species was performed. This approach permits assessment of
      the metabolism of species of a given lysophospholipid class in studies that
      employ in vivo labeling where fatty acid analysis by gas chromatography is not
      useful. The relative utility of argentation thin-layer chromatography compared to
      reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography in biologically relevant
      model systems is discussed. Separation of 1,acyl- from 2,acyl- isomers of
      methylated lysophosphatidic acid was accomplished as was the analysis of
      monoglycerides by enzymatic radioactive phosphorylation.

PMID- 3693485
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography of phenylthiocarbamyl-amino acids.
      Application to carboxyl-terminal sequencing of proteins.
AB  - A carboxyl-terminus microsequencing method has been developed on the basis of
      carboxypeptidase A digestion and derivatization of released amino acids with
      phenylisocyanate followed by subsequent high-performance liquid chromatographic
      analysis of the resulting phenylthiocarbamyl amino acids. This technique has been
      used to confirm the carboxyl-terminal sequence of bovine brain-derived acidic
      fibroblast growth factor. The method is of general application for the
      microsequencing of the carboxyl-termini of proteins. Since identification of
      derivatized amino acids was performed on the entire reaction mixture following
      digestion, a new chromatographic identification procedure for phenylthiocarbamyl
      amino acids was developed in order to resolve them from spurious peaks. This
      procedure can be applicable to amino acid analysis.

PMID- 3693486
TI  - Selective non-adsorption preparative chromatography of bovine immunoglobulin Gl.
AB  - Bovine immunoglobulin Gl (IgGl) was purified from blood serum by isocratic
      elution through a mixed-bed ion-exchange column at low ionic strength. Selection
      of a mobile phase pH near the isoelectric point of IgG precluded its binding to
      the strong cation- and anion-exchange sorbents and allowed IgGl to be eluted
      isocratically. Under these conditions most of the other components in the serum
      sample were retained on the mixed-bed column. This approach gives excellent
      throughput and purity.

PMID- 3693488
TI  - Simplified method to quantify geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol concentrations in
      water and microbiological cultures.
AB  - A simple and rapid method for the extraction and quantification of geosmin and 2
      methylisoborneol is described. Using methylene chloride extraction and gas
      chromatography, the procedure eliminates costly stripping devices. Recovery
      efficiency of the procedure is approximately 65% with a sensitivity equal to the
      human threshold for these two important off-flavor compounds.

PMID- 3693487
TI  - [Determination of chloramphenicol residues with reverse-phase high pressure
      liquid chromatography. Use in a pharmacokinetic study in rainbow trout with
      confirmation by mass spectrometry].
AB  - A simple and rapid high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the
      determination of chloramphenicol (CAP) residues in trout muscle tissue is
      described. After an acetonitrile-sodium chloride extraction followed by washing
      with hexane and purification through a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge, analysis is
      performed by reversed-phase HPLC on Spherisorb ODS-II (5 microgram) using water
      methanol (1:1) as the mobile phase. The detection limit of the method is 5
      micrograms/kg. The mean recovery from spiked muscle samples at the 10
      micrograms/kg level is 56 +/- 7.4%. CAP residues are confirmed by gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry at concentrations as low as 1 micrograms/kg.
      Residues were detected in trout muscle after oral administration during 15 days.
      On the tenth day after treatment, an average of CAP of less than 5 micrograms/kg
      was measured. No residues were detected after the twentieth day.

PMID- 3693489
TI  - Determination of Cinnamomi Cortex by high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3693490
TI  - Unusual and very long-chain fatty acids produced by Basidiomycetes.

PMID- 3693491
TI  - Glass capillary gas chromatographic analysis of volatile components of canned
      Philippine pineapple juice.

PMID- 3693492
TI  - Determination of aflatoxins in peanut products using disposable bonded-phase
      columns and post-column reaction detection.

PMID- 3693493
TI  - Determination of vitamin A derivatives in fortified foods and commercial vitamin
      supplements by high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3693494
TI  - Fluorodensitometric assay of 6H-pyrido[4,3-b]-5,11-dimethylcarbazoles
      (ellipticine and derivatives) biosynthesized by Ochrosia elliptica cultures in
      vitro.

PMID- 3693495
TI  - Benzyl esters of C2-C20 fatty acids and metabolically relevant carboxylic acids.
      Preparation and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
AB  - Short-, medium- and long-chain fatty acids, and other types of metabolically
      relevant carboxylic acids like hydroxy-, keto-, aromatic and dicarboxylic acids,
      were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography. For separation, benzyl ester
      derivatives were used, prepared by reaction of the potassium carboxylates with
      benzyl bromide in acetonitrile catalyzed by a crown ether. The reaction
      conditions for quantitative benzylation were studied. Keto groups of
      ketocarboxylic acids were stabilized prior to benzylation by formation of O
      methyl oximes using methoxyamine hydrochloride in aqueous-ethanolic solution. The
      separation of more than 45 carboxylic acids was achieved on a CP-Sil 5 CB fused
      silica capillary column in less than 70 min. The electron impact mass spectra of
      ketocarboxylic acid O-methyl oxime benzyl esters

PMID- 3693496
TI  - Investigation of an alkylamine modified and pH-controlled mobile phase for
      separation of pyrazolone derivatives by high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - The separation of pyrazolone derivatives with different acid-base properties and
      polarities has been investigated in view of recent concepts about the retention
      mechanisms in reversed-phase liquid chromatography. It is shown that both the
      protonated (BH+) and uncharged (B) bases undergo a dual mechanism of retention
      due to solvophobic and silanophilic interactions. The latter are easily
      suppressed by the addition of an alkylamine modifier (dibutylamine) to the mobile
      phase. An ion-pairing mechanism is found to be valid in the retention of
      negatively charged (A-) pyrazolone derivatives, since the dibutylamine modifier
      (BH+) serves as an appropriate counter ion. The behaviour of these solutes can be
      predicted from the pH dependence of their capacity factors, and a new simple
      method is proposed for calculating the theoretical sigmoidal curves. It is shown
      that the elution order of the compounds can be changed by control of both the pH
      value and the modifier concentration in the mobile phase.

PMID- 3693497
TI  - Optimization of the separation of erythromycin and related substances by high
      performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - An improved high-performance liquid chromatographic method for analysis of
      erythromycin is described. The separation can be performed under mild conditions
      of pH (6.5) and temperature (35 degrees C) on C8 and C18 silica-based reversed
      phase materials of different origins. The mobile phase, with a flow-rate of 1.5
      ml/min, contained various amounts of acetonitrile (25-40%, v/v), 5% (v/v) 0.2 M
      ammonium phosphate buffer pH 6.5, 20% (v/v) 0.2 M tetramethylammonium phosphate
      and water. UV detection at 215 nm allows quantitation of erythromycins A, B and
      C, N-demethylerythromycin A, erythromycin A enol ether and anhydroerythromycin A.
      The column history plays a major role, older columns often giving better
      separations.

PMID- 3693498
TI  - Quantitative gas chromatographic measurement of glycosaminoglycan hexosamines in
      urine and plasma.
AB  - A method is described for the quantitative determination of urine and plasma
      glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) by gas chromatography of the acetylated amino sugars.
      GAGs were first recovered by precipitation from urine with alkyltrimethylammonium
      bromide and from plasma by mini-column chromatography after papain digestion.
      Urine samples (24) analysed for total hexosamines by gas chromatography and for
      uronic acid by colorimetry had a correlation coefficient of 0.85. The within-run
      coefficient of variation (C.V.) for nineteen samples from a pooled urine was 5.2%
      for total hexosamines and that for the ratio of galactosamine to total
      hexosamines was 3.7%. The corresponding C.V. values for twelve plasma samples
      from a common pool were 6.5 and 3.7%. The mean ratio of galactosamine to total
      hexosamine in ten pre-breakfast spot urines was 51.5%. The corresponding ratio in
      the plasma from twenty adolescent blood donors was 76.3% and the mean total
      hexosamine content of the GAGs was 47.36 mumol/l.

PMID- 3693499
TI  - Application of a novel cation-exchange reagent, Igepon T-77 (N-methyl oleoyl
      taurate), to microbore separations of alumina extracts of catecholamines from
      cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, urine and brain tissue with amperometric detection.
AB  - The use of a novel amide surfactant, N-methyl oleoyl taurate (Igepon T-77), has
      been examined for the separation of amines on reversed-phase chromatographic
      material. This reagent was found to partition onto the C18 material in a
      partially irreversible and concentration independent manner. When the stationary
      phase is saturated with this surfactant, the loaded column performs as a strong
      cation exchanger. Novel separations are possible as a result of secondary
      hydrogen-bonding effects which modify classical retention order for primary,
      secondary and tertiary amines. Sensitive and selective applications of these
      separations are demonstrated for catecholamine determinations in blood plasma,
      cerebrospinal fluid, urine and brain tissue. Additional sensitivity is obtained
      for epinephrine by taking advantage of the pH-dependent intramolecular
      cyclization and on-column concentration of large injection volumes.

PMID- 3693500
TI  - High-voltage electrophoretic separation of tryptophan metabolites of the
      kynurenine pathway.
AB  - An analytical separation method for tryptophan and its seven metabolites of the
      kynurenine pathway by high-voltage paper electrophoresis is presented.
      Anthranilic acid, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, kynurenic acid, kynurenine,
      nicotinic acid, quinolinic acid, xanthurenic acid and unmetabolized tryptophan
      are measured in urine. Using radioactive labelling and scintillation counting as
      a quantification method, the relative standard deviation varied from 3.5% to
      14.4%, corresponding to kynurenine and nicotinic acid, respectively. The recovery
      of labelled tryptophan added to urine was 95%. An advantage of the
      electrophoretic method is the minor tailing of spots and, hence, a good
      resolution of the components. For the monovalent anions of the kynurenine pathway
      metabolites, a linear correlation (r = 0.9996) was found between the experimental
      relative electrophoretic mobility and the quantity M-2/3, where M is the
      molecular mass of the anion.

PMID- 3693502
TI  - Simultaneous quantitation of phenobarbitone and p-hydroxyphenobarbitone and their
      perdeuteroethyl analogues in biological fluids by combined gas chromatography
      mass spectrometry.
AB  - In order to develop 5-pentadeuteroethyl-5-phenyl barbituric acid as an
      alternative tracer in pharmacokinetic and metabolic studies of phenobarbitone,
      and to search for possible isotope effects associated with such labelling, we
      propose a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric assay for simultaneous
      measurement of phenobarbitone, p-hydroxyphenobarbitone and their perdeuteroethyl
      analogues, using [1,3-15N2,2-13C] phenobarbitone as internal standard. These
      compounds were extracted from plasma (50 microliter) or urine (500 microliter)
      and pentylated according to Greeley's method. Linear calibration curves were
      obtained in the concentration range from 0.5 to 3 micrograms/ml. The interday
      precision, mean accuracy and detection limit were 0.77-5.28%, 99.99-100.80% and
      0.03-0.05 microgram/ml, respectively. Results for plasma and urine
      concentrations, and pharmacokinetic parameters in humans, are presented to
      illustrate this method.

PMID- 3693501
TI  - Blood appearance of rat alkaline phosphatase originating from the duodenum in
      vitro.
AB  - The major source of rat serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is well known to be from
      the intestinal enzyme, but it is still unclear whether it is from the duodenal or
      the ileal enzyme. The organic origin was investigated by means of two-dimensional
      electrophoresis. Major isoelectric points and molecular masses for activities of
      duodenal enzyme treated with both phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C
      and neuraminidase were identified apparently with those of the major serum
      enzyme. In organ culture, the normal duodenal enzyme was released in the highest
      amounts to the culture medium. These results indicate that the major source of
      serum ALP in adult rats is basically from the duodenal enzyme. On the other hand,
      lectin affinity chromatography for ALPs showed that the ALP in the medium from
      culture duodenum and liver had the same complex-type sugar chain as with the ALP
      in the duodenal tissue. Although the duodenal ALP induced by glucosamine in vitro
      had the hybrid-type chain, sugar chains of the induced ALP in the culture medium
      were of the complex type, indicating that medial ALPs possessing the same sugar
      chain as the native duodenal enzyme, complex type, are mainly released from their
      tissues in normal conditions.

PMID- 3693503
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the quantitation of
      salicylamide and its metabolites in biological fluids.
AB  - A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay is described for the
      determination of salicylamide (SAM) and its metabolites in biological fluids
      obtained from an in situ rat liver preparation and rat in vivo. SAM and its six
      metabolites, salicylamide sulphate, salicylamide glucuronide, gentisamide (GAM),
      gentisamide 2-sulphate, gentisamide 5-sulphate and gentisamide 5-glucuronide,
      were separated on a mu Bondapak C18 column with 0.085 M potassium
      dihydrogenphosphate pH 3.35, as mobile phase and by using a flow gradient.
      Enriched recovery of SAM and GAM from blood was achieved by extraction followed
      by a second HPLC procedure with a mobile phase consisting of acetic acid and
      methanol. Furthermore, the reproducibility and the stability of the samples under
      assay conditions were investigated.

PMID- 3693505
TI  - Determination of quinacrine (mepacrine) in plasma by high-performance liquid
      chromatography with fluorimetric detection.
AB  - Quinacrine (mepacrine, Atebrine) is an antiparasitic acridine derivative that is
      currently used as an intrapleural sclerosing agent. It was determined in plasma
      by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of a dichloroethane
      extract. The mobile phase was methanol-phosphate buffer (65:35) with 0.1 mM
      decylammonium hydrochloride and 8 mM ethanolammonium hydrochloride. Strong base
      was added post-column, and the detection of quinacrine was by fluorescence at
      270/495 nm. Use of ethacridine lactate as internal standard was feasible but
      without significant advantage. The coefficient of variation for eight
      determinations of quinacrine was 4% at 3.4 ng/ml and 5% at 17 ng/ml. The
      stability of quinacrine in blood, plasma, water and dichloroethane solution was
      satisfactory for practical work. The usefulness of the analytical procedure for
      pharmacokinetic studies could be demonstrated.

PMID- 3693504
TI  - Determination of cefodizime in biological materials by high-performance liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - Cefodizime (THR-221) is a new semi-synthetic cephalosporin. A high-performance
      liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of
      cefodizime in biological materials. A plasma or serum sample was deproteinized
      with methanol and the resulting methanol eluate was concentrated to a volume of
      0.5 ml. Urine and bile samples were diluted with buffer and each diluted sample
      was filtered. Faeces samples were homogenized and the supernate obtained after
      centrifugation was filtered. Visceral tissue samples were homogenized, the
      centrifuged supernate was deproteinized with methanol, and the methanol eluate
      was concentrated to a volume of 0.5 ml. Aliquots of each preparation were
      chromatographed on a reversed-phase column with an ion-pair chromatographic
      technique on a high-performance liquid chromatograph equipped with an UV detector
      set at 264 nm. The detection limits for cefodizime were 0.1 microgram/ml in
      plasma or serum, 0.3 microgram/ml in bile, and 0.5 microgram/ml in urine, 0.5
      microgram/g in faeces and visceral tissue. This precise and sensitive assay for
      the determination of cefodizime is described, and its stability in several media
      is reported.

PMID- 3693506
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of tolmetin, tolmetin
      glucuronide and its isomeric conjugates in plasma and urine.
AB  - A rapid and sensitive analytical procedure is described for the simultaneous
      measurement of tolmetin (T), tolmetin glucuronide (1 beta-TG) and the isomers of
      tolmetin glucuronide in plasma and urine. A reversed-phase liquid chromatographic
      system is used with an ion-pairing mobile phase of methanol-tetrabutylammonium
      hydrogensulfate buffered to pH 4.5 and kept at a constant temperature of 50
      degrees C. Detection is by UV at 313 nm. Plasma (0.5 ml) and urine (0.1 ml) are
      collected in pre-cooled containers and immediately adjusted to pH 3.0 to minimize
      TG isomerization and hydrolysis. Samples are then deproteinated with
      acetonitrile, the supernatant is evaporated to dryness and reconstituted in an
      acetate buffer (pH 4.5), and 50 microliters are injected onto the system. Using
      zomepirac as the internal standard, the measurable, linear concentration ranges
      are 0.05-50 micrograms/ml for T in plasma and 0.025-50 micrograms/ml for T in
      urine. Chromatographic peaks representing T,1 beta-TG and three isomers of TG
      were identified, all with retention times less than 10 min. The need for special
      handling of biological samples is discussed.

PMID- 3693507
TI  - Determination of the monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic carumonam in plasma and
      urine by ion-pair and ion-suppression reversed-phase high-performance liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - A sensitive and selective high-performance liquid chromatography method has been
      developed for the determination of the new monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic
      carumonam in plasma and urine. The method for plasma involves protein
      precipitation with acetonitrile and removal of lipids with dichloromethane; urine
      is diluted with buffer. Separation and quantification are achieved using a mobile
      phase based on either ion-suppression or ion-pair chromatography on a reversed
      phase column with UV detection. The limit of determination is 0.5 micrograms/ml
      plasma, using a 0.5-ml specimen, and 25 micrograms/ml urine, using a 50
      microliter specimen. The inter-assay reproducibility is generally better than 4%
      when an internal standard is used. Since beta-lactam antibiotics may degrade on
      storage, close attention must be paid to the stability of these drugs in
      biological fluids; novel measures to prevent degradation on storage are
      described. The assay has been successfully applied to the analysis of several
      thousand samples from pharmacokinetic studies, including a study involving
      patients with impaired renal function.

PMID- 3693508
TI  - Procedure for the determination of amines in small urine samples.

PMID- 3693510
TI  - Determination of hydroxyproline in tissue collagen hydrolysate by derivatization
      and isocratic reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3693509
TI  - Determination of total carnitine in human urine by high-performance liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 3693511
TI  - Determination of natural thiols by liquid chromatography after derivatization
      with 3,5-di-tert.-butyl-1,2-benzoquinone.

PMID- 3693512
TI  - Thin-layer chromatography of human platelet phospholipids with fatty acid
      analysis.

PMID- 3693514
TI  - Rapid and sensitive method for determination of piroxicam in human plasma by high
      performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3693513
TI  - Determination of plasma aspirin and salicylic acid concentrations after low
      aspirin doses by high-performance liquid chromatography with post-column
      hydrolysis and fluorescence detection.

PMID- 3693515
TI  - Identification of 3-hydroxydecandioic acid dimethylate in human urine.

PMID- 3693516
TI  - Neurovirulence detection of dengue virus using rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys.
AB  - The results of a comparative study of neurovirulence of dengue type 1 virus in
      two species of Old World monkeys, viz. rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and
      cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) are reported. In the present study,
      parental dengue type 1 (16007) and its vaccine viruses were tested by
      intrathalamic, intramuscular and intraspinal injections in these two species of
      monkey. Both species of monkeys inoculated with parental dengue type 1 virus
      developed neurovirulence-type lesions which were graded as minimal (V-1) and
      occasionally mild (V-2, in cynomolgus monkeys) in severity. The antibody response
      to either parental or vaccine virus was slightly less in rhesus monkeys than in
      cynomolgus inoculated with these strains. This comparative study possibly
      establishes the cynomolgus monkey as a suitable test model to replace the rhesus
      monkey for neurovirulence testing of dengue-1 vaccine intended for use in humans.

PMID- 3693517
TI  - Comparison of the in-line injector and fluid proportioner used to condition water
      samples for virus monitoring.
AB  - An in-line injector system is described and compared with the fluid proportioner
      for the injection of chemicals into water systems during filtration for viruses.
      Data on flow rates and virus recoveries of this system indicate that it is a
      suitable alternative to the fluid proportioner and other systems currently in
      use.

PMID- 3693518
TI  - Immunological features of minor salivary gland saliva.
AB  - Concentrations of IgA, IgG, IgM, and IgA subclasses were measured in 138 pairs of
      parotid gland saliva (PS) and labial gland saliva (LS), using an enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique in which levels of Ig were quantitated
      using affinity-purified anti-heavy chain reagents for capture and development.
      Both PS and LS were collected simultaneously during sour lemon drop stimulation.
      As previously observed, IgA was the dominant immunoglobulin in both salivary
      fluids, the concentrations of which were highly correlated within the subjects
      studied. The mean proportion of IgA1 to total IgA was slightly higher in LS
      (0.66), compared with PS (0.60). Little IgM was usually detected in either
      secretion. In contrast, LS had IgG concentrations (mean, 8.1 micrograms/ml) which
      were significantly higher (P less than 0.001) than those found in parotid saliva
      (mean, 0.3 micrograms/ml). Over 30% of the subjects had mean LS IgG levels above
      10 micrograms/ml. The mean percentage of LS IgG to IgA was 20% in the 138 samples
      tested. Gel filtration of pairs of PS and LS from four individuals revealed IgM,
      IgA, and IgG to elute in positions commensurate with pentameric IgM, secretory
      IgA, and monomeric IgG. Little or no monomeric IgA could be detected. These
      results suggest that, in addition to IgA, the IgG isotype may also be important
      in antibody-mediated phenomena which occur in oral microenvironments bathed by
      minor salivary gland secretions.

PMID- 3693519
TI  - Increased expression of CR3 (C3bi receptor) on neutrophils in human inflammatory
      skin reactions.
AB  - To help determine whether the neutrophils (PMN) found in skin inflammatory
      reactions are activated, we have compared the expression of the C3bi receptor
      (CR3) on such cells with that on autologous blood PMN in 10 pollen-sensitive
      subjects. Using skin chambers overlying denuded blister bases we collected PMN at
      2 or 4 hr at sites of challenge with pollen antigen or buffer solution. These
      cells and PMN in autologous blood were incubated with monoclonal anti-CR3
      antibody and the expression of CR3 was measured by indirect fluorescence and flow
      cytometry. Significantly more PMN were found at antigen than at buffer sites at 2
      hr (7.02 +/- 0.45 X 10(5) vs 0.71 +/- 0.25 X 10(5] and at 4 hr (2.2 +/- 0.57 X
      10(6) vs 5.47 X 10(5). The mean CR3 expressions on PMN at antigen and buffer
      sites were similar (117 +/- 7.4 vs 118 +/- 9.0); both were significantly greater
      than on blood PMN (17.6 +/- 1.5; P less than 0.005). PMN from both sites could be
      stimulated further in vitro with formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) to
      express more CR3 to a level even greater than in FMLP-stimulated blood PMN (155
      +/- 11 and 157 +/- 12, respectively, vs 108 +/- 7 in blood PMN). The incubation
      of blood PMN with the noncellular component of the chamber fluid led to a
      moderate (28-100%) increase in CR3 expression, but far less than the CR3
      expression on the chamber fluid PMN themselves. Since surface CR3 is thought to
      be an activation marker important in PMN adhesion, these findings may be
      important in understanding the emigration of PMN in skin inflammatory reactions.

PMID- 3693520
TI  - Cryoglobulinemia and cutaneous vasculitis in human brucellosis.
AB  - We report the occurrence of cryoglobulinemia and cutaneous vasculitis in three
      patients with brucellosis caused by Brucella melitensis. The isolated
      cryoglobulins were characterized as mixed polyclonal or type III. Brucella
      agglutinin activity was not detected in any of the cryoglobulins analyzed.
      However, the same agglutinin titer and the presence of precipitin lines of
      identity in immunodiffusion gels were observed in the supernatant of the
      cryoglobulins and the serum. Rheumatoid-factor activity was present in all the
      cryoprecipitates tested. Resolution of the purpuric lesions with therapy
      coincided with a decrease in serum cryoglobulins and, in one patient, with
      normalization of his serum C3 levels. These findings suggest that the
      immunological abnormalities manifested by our patients were the direct
      consequence of the brucellosis infection and provide additional evidence to
      support the role for immunological mechanisms in the pathogenesis of human
      brucellosis.

PMID- 3693521
TI  - Tumor necrosis factors alpha and beta in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
      (AIDS) and aids-related complex.
AB  - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with abnormalities of
      both T-cell and B-cell immunity in patients with acquired immunodeficiency
      syndrome (AIDS). Previous studies demonstrated deficient production of the
      cytokines interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and gamma interferon (IFN
      gamma). Tumor necrosis factor alpha and tumor necrosis factor beta have not been
      previously investigated in AIDS. In this study we demonstrate that peripheral
      blood mononuclear cells from patients with HIV infection who have either AIDS
      related complex or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are deficient in the
      production of tumor necrosis factor alpha and tumor necrosis factor beta. These
      cytokines, derived predominantly from monocytes or lymphocytes, respectively,
      function as immunoregulatory, antitumor, and antiinfective proteins. A deficiency
      in their production may therefore be responsible for many of the complications
      associated with HIV infection in patients with AIDS-related complex or acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome.

PMID- 3693522
TI  - [The mineral balance of young Japanese children].

PMID- 3693523
TI  - [An ecological study of Vibrio cholerae non O-1, in comparison with Vibrio
      cholerae O-1 in regard to the circumstance of water].

PMID- 3693524
TI  - [Induction of canine gastric and esophageal cancers by N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N
      nitrosoguanidine (ENNG)].

PMID- 3693525
TI  - [The mechanism of iron uptake by primary cultured rat hepatocytes].

PMID- 3693526
TI  - [Metabolic bone disease in chronic hemodialysis patient. Renal osteodystrophy].

PMID- 3693527
TI  - Dichotic listening and reading acquisition in children: a one-year follow-up.
AB  - Two dichotic listening experiments on hemispheric asymmetry and reading
      acquisition in children are reported. In the first experiment, 60 eight-year-old
      children were divided into three groups with different levels of reading
      acquisition. In order to separate attentional factors from hemisphere factors,
      all subjects were requested to attend to and report only the right-ear input in
      one third of the trials, to attend to the left-ear input in one third, and to be
      free to divide attention either way in one third. The results showed an expected
      right-ear advantage (REA) in all groups during the forced-right, and nonforced
      recall conditions. However, a REA was also found during the forced-left recall
      condition for subjects less advanced in reading. The same children were followed
      up 1 year later in a second experiment. The results showed that the REA during
      the forced-left condition for the less advanced subjects in Experiment 1 was in
      essence shifted to a left-ear advantage (LEA) in Experiment 2. The relationships
      of attentional factors in hemispheric asymmetry and reading acquisition are
      discussed.

PMID- 3693528
TI  - Assessment of neuropsychological dysfunction in the workplace: normative data
      from the Pittsburgh Occupational Exposures Test Battery.
AB  - Neuropsychologists are being increasingly called upon to assess the
      neurobehavioral status of adults who have been exposed to toxic chemicals or
      heavy metals in the workplace. Unfortunately, the evaluation of blue-collar
      workers has been hampered by the absence of a brief yet comprehensive battery of
      sensitive neuropsychological tests that have been administered to a large cohort
      of demographically similar adults with no prior history of occupational exposure.
      In this paper we describe the development of the Pittsburgh Occupational
      Exposures Test Battery. We detail the procedures used to collect appropriate age
      scaled norms from 182 blue-collar males, and delineate the factor structure of
      the test battery. We also examine the interrelationships among test scores and
      certain demographic variables, and discuss the epidemiologic and clinical
      relevance of these data.

PMID- 3693529
TI  - Effects of lateralized cerebral dysfunction on the Continuous Paired-Associate
      Test.
AB  - Some authorities have advocated matching tests on several critical psychometric
      properties before inferring the presence of a differential pattern of deficit.
      This study examined the effects of lateralized cerebral dysfunction on the
      matched Verbal and Design subtests of the Continuous Paired-Associate Test
      (CPAT). Patients with lateralized destructive lesions were studied in Experiment
      1. Epileptic patients with lateralized electroencephalographic findings were
      studied in Experiment 2. Left but not right hemispheric abnormalities impaired
      performance on the Verbal CPAT, but only for destructive lesions. The Designs
      CPAT was a nonspecific indicator of cerebral dysfunction. For studies with the
      goal of predicting laterality of cerebral dysfunction, we advocate a two-step
      strategy of test development. The first step would make use of the principle of
      double dissociation in selecting items to compose subtests. The second step would
      involve an item analysis of subtests to determine the need for matching.

PMID- 3693530
TI  - Ideation and memory in the inkblot technique after focal cerebral lesions.
AB  - The aim was to study whether an inkblot technique can reveal differential
      deficits of ideation and memory related to the side and site of brain damage.
      Seventy-three patients with focal brain lesions and nine control patients were
      studied with a modified Holtzman Inkblot Technique. The results confirmed the
      previous Rorschach test finding that left-hemisphere-damaged patients have poor
      ideational productivity, whereas right-hemisphere-damaged patients have a
      perceptual disturbance indicated by a high number of diffuse color responses to
      whole blots. Furthermore, the patients with anterior lesions were inferior to the
      patients with posterior lesions in perceptual integration and in memory for
      inkblots. Deficient verbal recall was linked to left-hemisphere lesions, poor
      recognition and preserved verbal recall being associated with right-hemisphere
      lesions. The inkblot perception findings specific to the side and site of the
      brain lesion were unrelated to conventional intelligence test scores.

PMID- 3693531
TI  - Effects of lateralized cerebral lesions on oral reading, reading comprehension,
      and spelling.
AB  - This study used the Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT) to assess reading
      and spelling skills in a normal control group (n = 100) and in patients having
      cerebral damage in the left hemisphere (LH; n = 86) or right hemisphere (RH; n =
      76). Relative to the normals, both brain-damaged groups were impaired on PIAT
      Reading Comprehension and Spelling. Only the LH group was impaired on PIAT
      Reading Recognition. PIAT performances were strongly related to extent of brain
      damage within the left hemisphere, but not within the right. Similarly, whereas
      reading and spelling deficits were associated with temporal- and occipital-lobe
      involvement in the LH group, presence or absence of specific lobe involvement was
      unrelated to PIAT performance in the RH group. Relationships also were assessed
      between PIAT performances and demographic variables and the Average Impairment
      Rating from the Halstead-Reitan Battery.

PMID- 3693532
TI  - Pantomimes and aging.
AB  - The goal of this study was to verify the evolution of pantomiming in normal aged
      subjects in comparison to normal younger adults. Ninety-six subjects participated
      in this study: 30 between the ages of 20 and 30; 30 between the ages of 40 and
      50; and 36 between the ages of 60 and 82. The subjects were required to execute
      42 pantomimes on verbal command. The executed gestures were divided into two
      categories and analyzed separately: (a) the static constituents which refer to
      the shape the subject gave to the body part(s) involved; and (b) the dynamic
      constituents which refer to the executed action and to the relations established
      between several static constituents during the execution. The results showed that
      the aged subjects' performance was different from the younger subjects'
      performance principally in the static constituents of self-oriented one-hand
      gestures where the aged subjects used a part of their body to serve as the absent
      object.

PMID- 3693533
TI  - WAIS-R marker for dementia of the Alzheimer type? An empirical and statistical
      induction test.
AB  - A specific WAIS subtest pattern has recently been shown to occur more frequently
      in cases of dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT) than in cases of multi-infarct
      dementia (Fuld, 1984; Brinkman & Braun, 1984). To date, only one study has
      examined the frequency of this WAIS pattern in a normal elderly sample and found
      it to be infrequent (Tuokko & Crocket, 1987). If replicated on a larger sample of
      normals, it would increase the potential of this pattern as a behavioral marker
      of DAT. WAIS-R scores (age-corrected) were analyzed on a sample of 149 healthy
      volunteers (ages 60-94) who were part of an ongoing aging study. Because only 12%
      of the sample revealed this WAIS pattern, its utility as a conditional marker of
      DAT in three different hypothetical clinical base rate settings was evaluated.
      Results provided cautious optimism for the application of this marker in certain
      clinical settings.

PMID- 3693534
TI  - Birth stress, autoimmune diseases, and handedness.
AB  - A large nonclinical sample of left-handed and right-handed subjects completed
      laterality and medical health questionnaires. The group of left-handed subjects
      showed a raised incidence of birth complications and learning disorders whereas
      no differences were found for birth order and maternal age. Left-handed and right
      handed subjects showed similar incidences of autoimmune diseases, allergies,
      migraine, and stuttering. These results suggest that an association between early
      pathology and left-handedness may be found in a subset of the nonclinical left
      handed population. The underlying pathological influence seems to manifest itself
      in pregnancy and birth complications rather than in immune disorders.

PMID- 3693535
TI  - Synergistic hemolysis associated with coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated
      from bovine mammary glands.
AB  - A total of 353 coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CNS) isolates from infected
      bovine mammary glands were tested for cytolysin production by using the
      synergistic hemolysin assay (SHA). Overall, 34.6% of CNS isolates were SHA
      positive. Human-associated, coagulase-negative staphylococcal species contained
      the greatest number of SHA-positive strains. Milk leukocyte levels expressed as
      somatic cell counts (SCC) were elevated with SHA-positive Staphylococcus
      epidermidis, Staphylococcus hominis, and Staphylococcus warneri strains. Elevated
      SCC levels were associated with strains of Staphylococcus hyicus and
      Staphylococcus chromogenes. However, no difference in SCC levels was observed
      between SHA-positive and SHA-negative strains. Results indicated that the SHA was
      a sensitive test for the detection of cytolysin-producing CNS.

PMID- 3693536
TI  - Comparison of selective media for primary isolation of Aeromonas species from
      human and animal feces.
AB  - Five selective media were evaluated for their effectiveness in the primary
      isolation of Aeromonas spp. from human patients with acute diarrhea and from
      healthy domestic animals. Sheep blood agar with 30 mg of ampicillin per liter
      (ASBA30) yielded a significantly higher percentage of positive specimens as
      compared with the four other media. The effective combination of two selective
      media with which 98% of all isolates were detected and with which all of the
      three human-associated Aeromonas spp. could be isolated was ASBA30-DNase
      toluidine blue agar. ASBA30 was the most sensitive medium since it permitted more
      growth of Aeromonas colonies and effectively suppressed competing microflora. We
      recommend the use of ASBA30-DNase-toluidine blue agar for investigations in which
      an attempt is made to assess the significance of Aeromonas spp. in the etiology
      of human diarrhea.

PMID- 3693537
TI  - Clinical significance of Aeromonas species isolated from patients with diarrhea.
AB  - A total of 248 strains of Aeromonas spp. were isolated from 3,334 human fecal
      specimens submitted to a state public health laboratory over a 2-year period to
      be cultured for enteric pathogens. Cary-Blair transport medium, blood ampicillin
      agar, and alkaline peptone water enrichment provided optimal recovery of
      Aeromonas spp. A questionnaire requesting clinical and epidemiological
      information was sent to physicians, who submitted stool samples for testing, with
      each laboratory report for 107 consecutive stool isolates of Aeromonas spp. The
      56 questionnaires which were completed and returned were analyzed to determine
      the seasonal distribution of illness and the age and sex distribution of
      patients; characteristic symptoms; and predisposing factors for gastrointestinal
      disease caused by Aeromonas spp. It was concluded that some A. hydrophila, A.
      sobria, and A. caviae strains are capable of causing diarrhea and that antibiotic
      therapy and the drinking of untreated water are significant risk factors for
      susceptible hosts.

PMID- 3693539
TI  - Evaluation of Quantum II microbiology system for identification of gram-negative
      bacteria of veterinary origin.
AB  - The ability of a rapid, semiautomated bacterial identification system, the
      Quantum II microbiology system (Abbott Laboratories, Irving, Tex.), to accurately
      identify gram-negative bacteria from veterinary sources was evaluated. A total of
      378 isolates were tested, including 298 organisms in the family
      Enterobacteriaceae and strains representing Acinetobacter sp., Aeromonas sp.,
      Flavobacterium sp., Pasteurella multocida, Plesiomonas sp., and Pseudomonas spp.
      Of these isolates, 333 (88.1%) were correctly identified, 20 (5.3%) were not
      identified, 10 (2.6%) were incorrectly identified at the genus level, and 15
      (4.0%) were incorrectly identified at the species level. The Quantum II system
      correctly identified 268 (89.9%) of the isolates of Enterobacteriaceae and 65
      (81.3%) of the nonenteric isolates. P. multocida was not identified correctly,
      and some nonenteric gram-negative bacteria of clinical significance in veterinary
      medicine are not included in the data base. The Quantum II system provided an
      accurate identification system for isolates of Enterobacteriaceae but had limited
      usefulness for the identification of other gram-negative bacteria of clinical
      significance in veterinary medicine.

PMID- 3693538
TI  - Colony formation and morphology in Borrelia burgdorferi.
AB  - Two strains of Borrelia burgdorferi, B31 and 297, formed colonies when plated
      onto Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly medium solidified with agarose (1.3%) and incubated
      in a candle jar at 34 degrees C. Colonies differing in morphology were observed
      in both strains after 2 to 3 weeks of incubation. Strain B31 colonies were either
      compact, round (mean diameter, 0.43 mm), and restricted to the surface of the
      agarose medium or diffuse (mean diameter, 1.80 mm) and penetrating into the solid
      medium. Strain 297 colonies (mean diameter, 1.43 mm) either showed a raised
      center surrounded by a diffuse ring of spirochetes or consisted of numerous small
      spirochetal aggregates. Both colony types expanded into the agarose medium.
      Scanning electron and light microscopy confirmed that the colonies were formed by
      spirochetes. Twisted tangles of intertwined spirochetes were visible on the
      surface, with numerous spherical bodies among them, especially in the central
      regions. At the periphery, the borreliae were more loosely packed, and individual
      coils were discernible.

PMID- 3693540
TI  - Rapid identification of smooth Brucella species with a monoclonal antibody.
AB  - A colony blot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed for the rapid
      identification of smooth Brucella species, i.e., Brucella abortus, B. melitensis,
      and B. suis. Bacterial colonies from plates were blotted onto nitrocellulose
      disks, lysed by immersion in chloroform, and reacted with BRU 38, a rat
      monoclonal antibody with specificity for the O side chain of B. abortus. Reaction
      with anti-rat immunoglobulin G conjugated to horseradish peroxidase and
      development in 4-chloro-1-naphthol resulted in colonies of naturally occurring
      smooth Brucella species staining purple. Results could be obtained within 4 h
      after colonies were visible on plates and individual colonies could be detected.
      Yersinia enterocolitica serovar O:9 strains were the only other organisms tested
      which showed cross-reaction by using this procedure. Because of its speed,
      sensitivity, and specificity, this technique should be very useful for
      identifying smooth Brucella strains in diagnostic laboratories.

PMID- 3693541
TI  - Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measurement of human
      immunoglobulins E and G to purified cow's milk proteins: application in diagnosis
      of cow's milk allergy.
AB  - An indirect double-antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was
      developed for the measurement of human immunoglobulin E (IgE) and IgG to the
      cow's milk proteins (CMP) alpha-casein, alpha-lactalbumin, and beta
      lactoglobulin. Human serum albumin was used as the negative-antigen control.
      Rabbit anti-human IgE or IgG served as the primary antibody, and horseradish
      peroxidase-conjugated swine anti-rabbit immunoglobulin served as the secondary
      antibody. Positive control sera were obtained from patients with well-documented
      histories of cow's milk allergy, while negative control sera were obtained from
      cord bloods of healthy full-term infants and from normal adult volunteers without
      known milk allergy. Test sera were obtained from 41 children (ages, 3 months to
      13 years; average age, 2.6 years) with suspected cow's milk allergy and clinical
      manifestations that included wheezing, rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, urticaria, or
      gastrointestinal disturbances. The patients were simultaneously evaluated by
      prick skin testing with scratch test antigen to whole CMP. Although only 13 (32%)
      of the 41 patients were positive by the prick skin test, 25 (61%) were positive
      by the IgE ELISA. Of the 25 IgE ELISA-positive patients, 20 were also positive by
      the IgG ELISA. There was concordance of positive results between skin testing and
      the IgE ELISA in only 9 patients (22%), and there was concordance of negative
      results in 12 patients (29%). Discordant results were observed in 20 patients
      (49%). These results indicate that the ELISA is more sensitive than prick skin
      testing in the identification of individuals with elevated levels of IgE to CMP.

PMID- 3693542
TI  - Growth of Campylobacter pylori in liquid media.
AB  - Until recently, broth cultivation techniques for Campylobacter pylori were
      unavailable. We developed a method to cultivate bacterial cells within 24 h in
      liquid media. Cultivation in broth depended on the adequate dispersion of
      appropriate gases. A static broth at 37 degrees C in a GasPak jar (BBL
      Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.) with a CampyPak (BBL) envelope did not
      support growth after 5 days of incubation. A broth placed in a flask on a
      Gyrotory water bath shaker (150 rpm; New Brunswick Scientific Co., Inc., Edison,
      N.J.) fitted with a gassing hood connected to a gas mixture of 10% CO2, 5% O2,
      and 85% N2 supported good growth. An initial inoculum of 10(5), 10(3) to 10(4),
      or 10(2) CFU/ml resulted in greater than or equal to 10(8) CFU/ml after
      incubation for 24, 48, or 72 h, respectively. Under these conditions, the
      bacteria grew as motile, spiral bacilli rather than the oval and coccal bacilli
      occasionally reported. Several bases supported good growth when supplemented with
      serum. For the determination of basal growth conditions, brucella broth base was
      used. Fetal calf serum (1%) provided maximum growth. Vitox was not necessary for
      growth and did not augment growth. C. pylori grew over a wide optimal pH range of
      5.5 to 8.5.

PMID- 3693543
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of mycolic acids as an aid in
      laboratory identification of Rhodococcus and Nocardia species.
AB  - High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of the p-bromophenacyl esters of
      mycolic acids from whole organisms gave chromatographic patterns that were useful
      in differentiation of Rhodococcus and Nocardia species. Rhodococcus equi, R.
      erythropolis, and R. rhodochrous contained more-polar mycolic acids and were
      easily separated from the less-polar mycolic acid-containing species of R. sputi,
      R. bronchialis, R. corallinus, R. rubropertinctus, and R. terrae. The less-polar
      mycolic acid-containing Rhodococcus species showed chromatographic patterns that
      partially overlapped (in elution times) the patterns of Nocardia asteroides, N.
      otitidiscaviarum, and N. brasiliensis, but the larger number of peaks in the last
      species made separation between the genera possible. Distinct chromatographic
      patterns were found for most species, except for R. equi strains that showed two
      different patterns. Strains of R. rubropertinctus and R. terrae appeared
      identical. N. asteroides and N. otitidiscaviarum showed similar mycolic acid
      patterns.

PMID- 3693544
TI  - Isolation and antigenic reactivity of Brucella ovis outer membrane proteins.
AB  - Brucella ovis cell membranes were isolated from fractured and lysozyme-treated
      cells by ultracentrifugation. These preparations appeared to consist largely of
      outer membranes, as judged from the results of ultracentrifugation experiments in
      sucrose density gradients under conditions that are widely used to separate inner
      and outer membranes of gram-negative bacteria. The sequential detergent
      extraction of cell membranes yielded mainly lipopolysaccharide and three groups
      of outer membrane proteins. In immunoblotting, lipopolysaccharide had good
      antigenic reactivity with all sera from rams exposed to B. ovis (vaccination or
      natural infection), but some outer membrane proteins reacted strongly only with
      sera from immune (vaccinated) rams, not from infected rams, suggesting a possible
      diagnostic role for such proteins in predicting immunity or infection.

PMID- 3693545
TI  - Detection of Salmonella spp. in clinical specimens by capture enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay.
AB  - A capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; Kirkegaard and Perry
      Laboratories, Gaithersburg, Md.) was used to detect Salmonella spp. in clinical
      and artificially inoculated specimens. In patients with bacteremia caused by
      Salmonella spp., 48% (12 of 25) and 82% (13 of 16) of serum and urine specimens,
      respectively, were positive for Salmonella spp., as determined by ELISA. All
      serum and urine specimens collected from healthy individuals (25 specimens) or
      patients whose blood cultures grew gram-negative bacteria other than Salmonella
      spp. (18 specimens) were negative for Salmonella spp., as determined by ELISA.
      For blood culture bottles in which Salmonella spp. (16 specimens) was grown the
      ELISA was positive (100%), while it was negative for all the 65 blood culture
      bottles in which gram-negative bacteria other than Salmonella spp. (42 specimens)
      or gram-positive bacteria (23 specimens) were grown. All samples of urine (16
      specimens), stool (8 specimens), serum (16 specimens), culture media (12
      specimens), and blood culture bottles (reported sterile after 2 weeks of
      incubation; 16 specimens) that were artificially inoculated with 10(3) to 10(7)
      CFU of four species of Salmonella per ml were positive by ELISA. Similar
      specimens inoculated with or containing various species other than Salmonella
      were negative by this test. Thus, ELISA offers a promising opportunity for the
      rapid detection of Salmonella spp. in clinical microbiology laboratories.

PMID- 3693547
TI  - Collaborative investigation of the accuracy and reproducibility of Sceptor
      Breakpoint susceptibility panels.
AB  - A combination Sceptor Breakpoint/ID panel (Johnston Laboratories, Inc., Towson,
      Md.), which determines interpretive susceptibility results (susceptible,
      moderately susceptible, and resistant) using two to three selected concentrations
      of antimicrobial agents, was tested in comparison with full-range Sceptor
      microdilution MIC panels. The inter- and intralaboratory interpretive
      reproducibilities for 24 control strains tested in three laboratories on three
      consecutive days were 97.0 and 95.7%, respectively. The equivalency of breakpoint
      results to category results obtained by the microdilution MIC procedure for
      10,368 control organism-antimicrobial agent comparisons was 94.1%. The level of
      interpretive agreement between breakpoint and MIC category results using 101
      fresh clinical isolates was 97.0% for 51 gram-negative and 50 gram-positive
      bacteria. Among the total 4,872 clinical organism-antimicrobial agent
      comparisons, major and very major discrepancies were seen in 0.2% of gram
      negative bacteria and very major discrepancies were seen in 0.9% of gram-positive
      bacteria. All very major discrepancies with gram-positive organisms were
      associated with trailing endpoints using trimethoprim or sulfisoxazole and
      staphylococci. The breakpoint concept of testing selective antimicrobial agent
      concentrations was highly reproducible and accurate and allows for placement of
      more antimicrobial agents into a panel than is possible with full-dilution MIC
      testing.

PMID- 3693546
TI  - Hyperimmune serum from rabbits immunized with potassium thiocyanate extract of
      Pasteurella multocida protects against homologous challenge.
AB  - Hyperimmune rabbit sera directed to the KSCN extract of 3:A Pasteurella multocida
      were characterized by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), presolubilized
      cell radioimmunoprecipitation, and immunoblotting analysis. The results showed
      that the hyperimmune serum had a very high titer of immunoglobulin G ELISA
      antibody and a negligible immunoglobulin A ELISA antibody, precipitated 10
      different outer membrane protein antigens by radioimmunoprecipitation, and
      reacted to 10 different membrane vesicle antigens of P. multocida by
      immunoblotting analysis. The hyperimmune rabbit sera were also evaluated for
      protective efficacy against experimental rabbit pasteurellosis by homologous
      challenge. Thirty-six rabbits were divided into four groups. Group 1, 2, and 3
      rabbits were inoculated intranasally with hyperimmune rabbit serum, phosphate
      buffered saline, or normal rabbit serum, respectively, at 24 h prior to and 24,
      48, and 72 h after intranasal challenge with the virulent homologous P. multocida
      strain. Group 4 rabbits were inoculated with normal rabbit serum without
      challenge. Necropsies of surviving rabbits were performed 2 weeks postinfection.
      The mortality rates for groups 1 through 4 were 25% (3 of 12), 67% (8 of 12), 75%
      (6 of 8), and 0% (0 of 4), respectively. The prevalence and severity of pneumonia
      were significantly lower in the hyperimmune serum-treated rabbits. The prevalence
      of P. multocida colonization in lungs was significantly lower in group 1 rabbits,
      and the geometric mean CFU of P. multocida in lungs was 59,166-fold less in group
      1 rabbits than in group 3 rabbits. The geometric mean CFU of P. multocida in
      nasal cavities of group 1 rabbits was significantly lower than that of group 3
      rabbits. All challenged rabbits (groups 1,2, and 3) had elevated nasal
      immunoglobulin A and pulmonary (lung lavage) immunoglobulin A antibody levels at
      necropsy (day 14 postinfection). Similarly, all challenged rabbits had elevated
      levels of ELISA immunoglobulin G antibody in serum at day 14 but not at day 7
      postinfection, indicating that rabbits receiving hyperimmune serum can mount a
      specific humoral immune response against the homologous challenge P. multocida
      organisms. We concluded that hyperimmune serum directed to the KSCN extract of
      3:A P. multocida provides significant protection against homologous challenge in
      rabbits.

PMID- 3693548
TI  - Toxin production by Vibrio mimicus strains isolated from human and environmental
      sources in Bangladesh.
AB  - Vibrio mimicus has recently been isolated from aquatic environments of
      Bangladesh. A total of 125 of 300 environmental isolates, representing various
      biotypes, and 19 human isolates were tested for enteropathogenicity by using
      several models. Less than 1% of the environmental isolates and slightly more than
      10% of the clinical isolates produced cholera toxin-like toxin. A significant
      percentage of the environmental isolates (25%) and of the human isolates (74%)
      induced fluid accumulation in ligated rabbit ileal loops. One environmental
      strain produced heat-stable toxin-like enterotoxin, whereas all of the human
      isolates did not. V. mimicus strains were divided into the following three groups
      on the basis of their activity in various toxin assays: (i) organisms which
      produce a heat-labile enterotoxin immunobiologically similar to cholera toxin,
      (ii) organisms which produce a heat-stable enterotoxin-like toxin, and (iii)
      organisms whose whole-cell cultures have some activity characteristic of heat
      labile toxin (e.g., fluid accumulation in ligated rabbit ileal loops and positive
      permeability factor) but are not positive by the GM1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay. One isolate from this group was able to elicit these results with cell
      free culture filtrates. There was no correlation of biotype with toxic activity
      of V. mimicus isolates.

PMID- 3693549
TI  - Rapid diagnosis of cholera by coagglutination test using 4-h fecal enrichment
      cultures.
AB  - A simple, rapid, and reliable method to detect Vibrio cholerae in fecal specimens
      would assist in the management of cases of severe diarrhea, especially since most
      such cases occur in areas with minimal laboratory facilities. A coagglutination
      test was used to detect V. cholerae antigen in bile-peptone broth incubated with
      feces. In the technique, Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 coated with anti-V.
      cholerae O1 antiserum was tested with cultures incubated for 4 h. When 165
      specimens were tested, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the test,
      compared with standard culture methods, were 97, 99, and 98%, respectively. These
      promising results were better than those of dark-field microscopy using the same
      specimens, and the test was logistically easy to perform. The coagglutination
      test using enrichment broth culture of feces is a simple and rapid method which
      may be used to confirm a diagnosis of cholera.

PMID- 3693550
TI  - Nosocomial septicemia with CDC group IV c-2, an unusual gram-negative Bacillus.
AB  - A 55-year-old man with severe peripheral vascular disease developed nosocomial
      septicemia which was caused by the gram-negative bacterium CDC group IV c-2,
      presumably from a plantar abscess on the left foot. Recovery followed amputation
      of the infected extremity and antibiotic therapy. This is the first reported case
      of nosocomial acquisition of this organism.

PMID- 3693551
TI  - Rectal swab cultures for Clostridium difficile surveillance studies.
AB  - We compared the recovery of Clostridium difficile from hospitalized patients by
      two collection methods: rectal swabs and stool cultures. Rectal swab cultures
      were as sensitive as stool cultures and were more easily obtained. Transport of
      swabs in an anaerobic VACUTAINER system resulted in longer survival times
      compared with transport in Amies medium.

PMID- 3693553
TI  - Five psychosocial variables related to the existence of post-traumatic stress
      disorder symptoms.
AB  - Sixty Vietnam veterans from a midwestern VA Medical Center were surveyed to
      determine the relationship between symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
      (PTSD) and five psychosocial variables: Intensity of combat experienced in
      Vietnam, current subjective impact of the previously experienced stress of
      Vietnam experiences, current level of life stress, extent and nature of social
      support available to the veteran during the first year of return from Vietnam,
      and pre-service psychosocial functioning. A stepwise discriminant function
      analysis revealed that combat intensity, current impact of the previously
      experienced events in Vietnam, and current level of life stress correctly
      classified 75% of the total cases. These findings were supported by other lines
      of analyses, including tests of correlation and stepwise regression analysis.
      Current levels of life stress, especially disruption in interpersonal
      relationships, also were associated significantly with PTSD symptoms. These
      findings are consistent with previous reports on the etiology and correlates of
      PTSD symptoms and suggest the existence of a quantifiable constellation of
      symptoms associated with psychological sequelae of severely stressful trauma.

PMID- 3693552
TI  - Susceptibility testing of carumonam: interpretive criteria for 30-microgram disk
      tests and quality control guidelines for disk diffusion and broth microdilution
      methods.
AB  - Carumonam 30-microgram disk diffusion tests with 342 gram-negative organisms
      suggested modifying earlier interpretive zone criteria, i.e., a susceptibility
      zone diameter of greater than or equal to 23 mm (less than or equal to 8.0
      micrograms/ml MIC correlate) and a resistance zone diameter of less than or equal
      to 17 mm (greater than or equal to 32 micrograms/ml MIC correlate). Quality
      assurance guidelines were determined by multilaboratory investigations.
      Recommended limits were calculated for the gram-negative quality control
      organisms only. For Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, the recommended limits are 30 to
      36 mm and 0.03 to 0.25 micrograms/ml, and for Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853,
      they are 24 to 32 mm and 1.0 to 4.0 micrograms/ml.

PMID- 3693554
TI  - MMPI profiles of chronic pain patients: some methodological considerations that
      concern clusters and descriptors.
AB  - Significant methodological problems in the identification of MMPI subtypes in
      patients with chronic pain are addressed, and some illustrative data are offered.
      Particular attention is given to the selection of MMPI predictor data,
      determination of membership in a subtype, and the selection of nontest
      descriptors. Some recommendations for improving the predictive validity of
      statements about the personality and behavioral characteristics of patients with
      chronic pain from the MMPI are made.

PMID- 3693555
TI  - Common dimensions of psychopathology from the MMPI and the Basic Personality
      Inventory.
AB  - The MMPI and the Basic Personality Inventory (BPI) were administered to 235 male
      hospitalized psychiatric patients who were undergoing treatment for alcoholism.
      The 13 validity and clinical scales from the MMPI and the 12 scales from the BPI
      were subjected to principal axes factor analysis and Varimax rotation. The five
      factors retained for interpretation, which accounted for more than 96% of the
      common variance, each had loadings from both the MMPI and the BPI. Factors were
      identified as Inadequate Impulse Control, Generalized Anxiety, Depression and
      Somatization, Psychotic Processes, and Depressed Withdrawal. Given the high
      percentage of variance accounted for by the factors, it was concluded that the
      MMPI and BPI measure the same broad domain of psychopathology.

PMID- 3693556
TI  - A new look for the old MMPI scales: contemporary norms for the Augmented Purdue
      Subscales.
AB  - Content scales for the MMPI continue to hold considerable interest for
      clinicians. On the basis of a critique of prior research in this area, a new set
      of content-homogeneous subscales, the Augmented Purdue Subscales (APS), were
      developed for the basic MMPI scales. Norms for the APS then were derived from the
      MMPI response patterns of a large, randomly selected sample of contemporary
      normal persons.

PMID- 3693557
TI  - Reliability and factorial structure of the Chinese version of the General Health
      Questionnaire.
AB  - The Chinese version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) was administered to
      2,150 Chinese secondary school students. The GHQ was found to have high internal
      consistency as a scale and high item-total correlations for most of the items.
      Factor analysis with a five-factor solution showed that five factors were
      abstracted from the scale, namely, anxiety, depression, inadequate coping,
      interpersonal dysfunctioning, and sleep disturbances. By randomly splitting the
      total sample into two subsamples, these five factors could be reproduced
      reliably, and high coefficients of congruence were found. The psychometric
      properties of the Chinese version of the GHQ and the implications of the findings
      were discussed.

PMID- 3693559
TI  - The factor structure of the Colorado Level of Functioning Measure.
AB  - The Colorado Level of Functioning Measure (LOF) is a widely used instrument in
      public mental health centers that assesses client functioning. The present paper
      presents the results of an investigation of the instrument's factor structure,
      with data from 809 patients in a community mental health center. The results
      suggest that the LOF is comprised of three factors--Basic Life Functioning,
      Psychological Functioning, and Anti-Social Behavior. These factors accounted for
      60% of the variance. Implications for the use of the scale are discussed.

PMID- 3693558
TI  - MMPI personality type and cognitive flexibility as determined by the Weigl Color
      Form Sorting Test in psychiatric patients.
AB  - The relationship of cognitive flexibility with MMPI personality type, age,
      education, and IQ was investigated for a sample of 41 psychiatric inpatients.
      Cognitive flexibility was measured by the Weigl Color-Form Sorting Test. An index
      for measuring divergent thinking behavior was obtained from determining the
      similarity of their admission MMPI profiles to a MMPI prototype profile for
      divergent (psychotic) ideation using the formula: Divergent thinking = PA + PT +
      SC - L - K. Results showed that in this sample, cognitive flexibility was related
      significantly and inversely to the level of divergent thinking (p = .02), but was
      unrelated to IQ test scores. Supplemental analyses indicated that the level of
      divergent thinking may mask the established relationship of cognitive flexibility
      with age and education.

PMID- 3693561
TI  - MMPI correlates of a controversial EEG pattern among adolescent psychiatric
      patients.
AB  - Relative to adult MMPI studies, few investigations address adolescent correlates
      of the MMPI. A particularly neglected area of potential importance has been the
      relationship between adolescent MMPI profiles and electroencephalographic (EEG)
      disturbances. This study examined EEG recordings, MMPI results, and psychiatric
      diagnosis of 99 (49 male; 50 female) psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents.
      Because there was a high incidence of 14 and 6 per second positive spike EEG
      patterns among males, one-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were employed to
      compare MMPI results for 31 males with normal EEG patterns and 17 males with 14
      and 6 per second positive spiking. The 14 and 6 per second positive spike EEG
      signal was related to significantly higher MMPI T score elevations on Hs, PD, and
      MF. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for both EEG and
      MMPI interpretations.

PMID- 3693560
TI  - Prediction of recovery for closed-head-injured adults: an evaluation of the MMPI,
      the Adaptive Behavior Scale, and a "Quality of Life" Rating Scale.
AB  - Twenty-five closed-head-injured adults (24 males, 1 female; M age = 28.8 years)
      were classified as "recovered" if they had returned to work, school, or a
      sheltered workshop for which pay was received and "non-recovered" if they did not
      meet these criteria. Current status was compared with MMPI, Adaptive Behavior
      Scale (ABS), and "Quality of Life" Rating Scale (QLRS) scores at time of entry
      into a rehabilitation program. The "non-recovered" group was significantly higher
      on the PD (Psychopathic deviate) scale. No differences were found between groups
      on the Sc (Schizophrenia) or K (Validity) scales. The "recovered" group was
      significantly higher on the ABS Economic Activity domain and significantly lower
      in the Violent & Destructive, Antisocial, Rebelliousness, Untrustworthiness,
      Stereotyped Behavior & Odd Mannerisms, and Psychological Disturbance behavior
      domains. The self-ratings (QLRS) of the "nonrecovered" subjects were
      significantly more distinct from the ratings made by their relatives or
      significant others than were those of the "recovered" subjects.

PMID- 3693562
TI  - Equal weighting vs. differential weighting of subtest scores on short forms of
      Wechsler's Intelligence Scales.
AB  - Data from the standardization samples for the WISC-R, the WPPSI, and the WAIS-R
      were employed to compare the validities and reliabilities of each of several
      short forms, using (a) the multiple regression weights based on those data, and
      (b) equal weights. For the short forms of the WISC-R, comparisons were also made
      using (c) the multiple regression weights reported by the investigators who
      proposed the short forms, based on their data. The validities and reliabilities
      varied little from one set of weights to another, so that a strong case can be
      made for the use of equal weights, which also possess the advantages of
      simpliciity and robustness.

PMID- 3693563
TI  - Unusual combinations of Verbal and Performance IQS on Wechsler's Intelligence
      Scales.
AB  - A new method of pattern analysis was used to estimate those combinations of
      Verbal and Performance IQs that occurred relatively infrequently in the
      standardization samples for the WAIS-R, the WISC-R, and the WPPSI. A table is
      presented for evaluating the unusualness of a given combination of VIQ and PIQ on
      those three scales. Suggestions are offered as to how unusual combinations
      should, and should not, be interpreted.

PMID- 3693564
TI  - Principal components analysis of therapeutic orientations of doctoral programs in
      clinical psychology.
AB  - A principal components analysis was conducted on a data set that consisted of
      ratings of therapeutic orientations reported by directors of clinical psychology
      training programs in 96 clinical psychology programs in the U.S. Two principal
      components emerged, which contrasted (1) behavioral vs. psychoanalytic approaches
      and (2) humanistic vs. conditioning approaches. A plotting of factor scores
      revealed relatively clear separation among programs primarily identified with
      either behavioral or psychoanalytic/humanistic approaches. The majority of
      training programs, however, clustered around the midpoint on both underlying
      factor dimensions, an indication of the adoption of multiple approaches in
      training.

PMID- 3693565
TI  - Can histopathologists reliably assess dysplasia in chronic inflammatory bowel
      disease?
AB  - A copy of the standardised classification (SC) proposed for assessing dysplasia
      in inflammatory bowel disease was circulated to six histopathologists who were
      asked to apply it to 40 slides from 34 patients with ulcerative colitis to test
      its reproducibility. The slides were relabelled and recirculated to the
      pathologists at least one month later. Each was asked to state whether or not key
      diagnostic features were present before giving a final dysplasia score for the
      second assessment. Only minor interobserver and intraobserver disagreements were
      recorded. Pathologists were most consistent at recognising back to back glands,
      villous mucosal architecture, hyperchromatic nuclei, stratification of nuclei,
      regenerative nuclei and loss of nuclear polarity. There was poor interobserver
      agreement in assessing dystrophic goblet cells and columnar mucous cells. Back to
      back glands, hyperchromatic nuclei, loss of nuclear polarity, stratification of
      nuclei and columnar mucous cells were considered to be the most important
      features for determining the severity of dysplasia. As there was poor
      interobserver agreement in assessing columnar mucous cells and dystrophic goblet
      cells these features need to be more clearly defined or should be removed from
      the SC.

PMID- 3693566
TI  - Limited value of type III intestinal metaplasia in predicting risk of gastric
      carcinoma.
AB  - Endoscopic gastric biopsy specimens taken in 1976 from 174 patients were
      reviewed. Biopsy specimens from 44 patients showed intestinal metaplasia, and
      subtyping by mucin histochemistry showed that 16 were of type I, 14 of type II,
      and 14 of type III. Only two of these 174 patients developed gastric
      adenocarcinoma over the next 10 to 11 years: one with type II and one with type
      III intestinal metaplasia. Case notes of a separate group of 68 patients with
      gastric adenocarcinoma diagnosed in 1985 were reviewed for evidence of intestinal
      metaplasia in a previous gastric biopsy. Only two patients had previously been
      biopsied; one of these biopsy specimens showed type II intestinal metaplasia and
      the other showed no intestinal metaplasia. These findings suggest that subtyping
      of intestinal metaplasia in endoscopic gastric biopsy specimens is of only
      limited value in identifying patients at risk of gastric adenocarcinoma who
      require long term follow up.

PMID- 3693567
TI  - Immunohistochemistry in district general hospitals in England and Wales.
AB  - The findings of a survey on the use of immunohistochemistry in district general
      hospitals in England and Wales are reported. Immunohistochemistry is used in most
      district hospitals, contributes to the accuracy and objectivity of some
      histopathological diagnoses, and is considered to be generally useful though not
      without drawbacks. Its expansion is being hindered by lack of funds for reagents
      and staff. In a few regions attempts are being made to rationalise expenditure
      and coordinate development of the service. We believe that if this can be done at
      a regional or national level then the relatively small cost entailed will be
      justified by a resulting improvement in the quality of patient care.

PMID- 3693568
TI  - Giant cell myocarditis associated with lymphoma: an immunocytochemical study.
AB  - A case of giant cell myocarditis in a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is
      reported. To our knowledge, this is a previously unrecorded association and
      supports the hypothesis that the aetiology of giant cell myocarditis is related
      to a changed immune state. Immunohistochemical investigation of this case with a
      panel of monoclonal antibodies against a range of leucocyte and muscle antigens
      supports the view that the giant cells have a histiocytic rather than a myogenic
      origin.

PMID- 3693569
TI  - Patterns of basement membrane deposition in benign, premalignant, and malignant
      endometrium.
AB  - Immunocytochemical staining for laminin, an intrinsic basement membrane
      component, was used to show and quantify the distribution of basement membranes
      in endometrium. In normal endometrium, glands which are not mechanically
      disrupted have almost entirely continuous basement membranes, even in the
      menstrual phase. This is also seen in benign cystic hyperplasia. In atypical
      hyperplasia a small proportion of glands show small breaks in basement membrane
      staining in the absence of invasion. The number of breaks increases with more
      severe cytological changes, and this abnormality may persist even when a second
      biopsy specimen shows an apparent return to normal morphology. Invasive tumours
      show a strikingly different pattern of basement membrane staining, even when very
      well differentiated.

PMID- 3693570
TI  - Diagnosis of metastases from testicular germ cell tumours using fine needle
      aspiration cytology.
AB  - The cytological features of testicular germ cell tumours were established in
      smears from 15 freshly resected tumours. These features were applied to the fine
      needle aspiration cytology diagnosis of metastases in 27 patients referred for
      chemotherapy. There were 16 positive reports in 32 aspirates of which 13 were
      taken before chemotherapy and three in patients with residual or new masses after
      chemotherapy. Teratomas and typical seminomas showed certain characteristic
      morphological features in cytological preparations which when present in fine
      needle aspiration cytology material enabled tumour types to be diagnosed.
      Spermatocytic and anaplastic seminoma were not represented in this series. It is
      unlikely that these could be distinguished from malignant teratoma
      undifferentiated (MTU) in the fine needle aspiration cytology material.
      Metastases from carcinomatous areas in MTU and malignant teratoma intermediate
      (MTI) may not be distinguishable in fine needle aspiration cytology material from
      metastatic adenocarcinoma or undifferentiated carcinoma from a different primary
      site. Positive cytological findings are of value to the oncologist in the
      management of patients with metastases from testicular germ cell tumours;
      negative cytology does not exclude the presence of viable tumour. The sampling of
      small foci of viable tumour in large necrotic masses persisting after
      chemotherapy is a problem for radiologists, cytologists, and histopathologists.
      This paper does not advocate the use of fine needle aspiration cytology for the
      diagnosis of primary testicular tumour.

PMID- 3693571
TI  - Cytogenic investigations in the assessment of response to treatment in
      neuroblastoma.
AB  - In a patient with stage IV disseminated neuroblastoma treated by chemotherapy
      extensive cytogenetic investigations were performed on the residual primary
      tumour and bone marrow immediately before myeloablative treatment and autologous
      marrow rescue. Two abnormal clones both showing lp+, a characteristic abnormality
      of neuroblastoma, were detected in cells from the residual primary tumour,
      providing direct evidence of persisting viable tumour. Such investigations should
      be a routine part of the assessment of response to treatment in patients with
      neuroblastoma, and could be extended to others in whom "second look" surgery is
      performed.

PMID- 3693573
TI  - Isolation of Aeromonas sp from faecal specimens.

PMID- 3693572
TI  - Prevention of endotoxaemia by non-absorbable antibiotics in heat stress.
AB  - Four anaesthetised monkeys were given oral kanamycin (15 mg 1 kg 12 hourly) over
      five consecutive days before being heat stressed. Four other anaesthetised
      monkeys served as controls. The plasma lipopolysaccharide concentration in
      control primates increased initially from 0.044 (SEM 0.004) ng/ml to 0.062
      (0.006) ng/ml as the rectal temperature increased from 37.5 to 39.5 degrees C. A
      second increase in lipopolysaccharides started at 42 degrees C and reached 0.308
      (0.038) ng/ml (p less than 0.01) at 44.5 degrees C. Before heat stress the plasma
      lipopolysaccharide concentration in the primates who had been pretreated with
      kanamycin was 0.007 (0.006) ng/ml, and despite heating these animals to 44.5
      degrees C no increase in plasma lipopolysaccharide concentrations were seen in
      this group. The cardiovascular variable during heat stress were more unstable in
      the control group and began to deteriorate at a lower temperature than in the
      group receiving antibiotic. These data suggest that the increased plasma
      lipopolysaccharide concentration during heat stress originates mainly from the
      gut.

PMID- 3693574
TI  - Fatal infection in neonates caused by S milleri.

PMID- 3693575
TI  - Campylobacter pylori, acid, and bile.

PMID- 3693576
TI  - Embryonal carcinoma of testis simulating seminoma.

PMID- 3693577
TI  - Routine examination of appendices in Hong Kong.

PMID- 3693578
TI  - Conducting system in foamy myocardial transformation of infancy.

PMID- 3693580
TI  - Drug development costs.

PMID- 3693579
TI  - Controversy. II: Bioequivalence as an indicator of therapeutic equivalence:
      modeling the theoretic influence of bioinequivalence on single-dose drug effect.

PMID- 3693581
TI  - Antiarrhythmic effect of lorcainide in patients taking digoxin.
AB  - To assess the antiarrhythmic effect of lorcainide and determine whether there is
      a pharmacokinetic interaction between lorcainide and digoxin, 12 patients with
      frequent premature ventricular depolarizations (PVDs) who were taking digoxin
      were treated with lorcainide. During a placebo period, serum digoxin
      concentration was measured for three days; plasma lorcainide concentration, a 12
      lead electrocardiogram (ECG), and a 24-hour continuous ECG were measured on the
      day before the patients began lorcainide and repeated on days 3, 7, and 14 of
      treatment. Lorcainide was given 100 mg bid or 100 mg tid. Lorcainide did not
      suppress group mean PVDs per hour, pairs, or ventricular tachycardia. Only four
      patients (33%) responded with greater than or equal to 80% suppression of PVDs.
      Mean ejection fraction for responders was 46 +/- 6%, and for nonresponders it was
      28 +/- 9% (P less than .01). There was no significant pharmacokinetic interaction
      between lorcainide and digoxin. Mean digoxin concentration did not change after
      lorcainide administration; two patients had greater than or equal to 50% increase
      in serum digoxin concentration. Patients with heart failure or reduced ejection
      fraction define a subset who have unpredictable effects from lorcainide,
      including a reduced antiarrhythmic effect.

PMID- 3693582
TI  - Influence of hepatic dysfunction on the pharmacokinetics of propafenone.
AB  - Hepatic metabolism is the primary process of elimination of propafenone. It
      therefore is important to understand the effect of altered liver function on the
      disposition and elimination kinetics of this drug. Patients with abnormal liver
      function probably will require treatment with propafenone for cardiac
      arrhythmias; an understanding of the relationship between liver function and the
      pharmacokinetics of propafenone will provide a rational basis for optimal dosage
      adjustments in these individuals. Our results demonstrate that both systemic
      clearance and bioavailability of propafenone are sensitive to variability in
      liver function. The bioavailability of propafenone is inversely related to the
      clearance of indocyanine green (ICG), whereas a direct relationship exists
      between systemic clearance of propafenone and ICG clearance. Comparisons of
      clinical parameters with the propafenone data yielded interesting results. An
      overall clinical grading of severity of liver disease based on the presence or
      absence of portal hypertension (i.e., varices and/or splenomegaly), prior
      encephalopathy, and ascites did not correlate well with propafenone results.
      However, albumin, total bilirubin, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT)
      concentrations and prothrombin time values correlated strongly with the overall
      results. No definite relationships with subjects' age; weight; and hemoglobin,
      alkaline phosphatase, lactic acid dehydrogenose, cholesterol, blood urea
      nitrogen, or creatinine levels were detected. These results demonstrate that
      moderate to severe liver disease significantly affects the absorption and
      disposition of propafenone. In patients with cirrhosis, and presumably other
      forms of hepatic dysfunction, careful adjustments of propafenone doses are needed
      to optimize therapy.

PMID- 3693583
TI  - Comparative pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of conventional and long-acting
      propranolol.
AB  - This investigation was conducted to compare the pharmacokinetic and
      pharmacodynamic effects of single and multiple doses of conventional propranolol
      and long-acting propranolol in healthy human volunteers. Two double-blind,
      randomized, double-crossover, Latin square studies were carried out. One study
      evaluated long-acting propranolol 160 mg/d, conventional propranolol 40 mg qid,
      or placebo for seven days in 24 men. The other study compared long-acting
      propranolol 80 mg/d, conventional propranolol 20 mg qid, or placebo for seven
      days in 27 men. At specific times after the administration, blood samples were
      obtained, and heart rate and blood pressure were measured; exercise tests were
      done both on the first day and at steady state (day 7). In both studies, the area
      under the plasma propranolol concentration-time curve and the peak concentration
      were significantly less (P less than .0001) after the administration of long
      acting propranolol compared with conventional propranolol on both day 1 and day
      7; in addition, the elimination half-life was longer after administration of the
      long-acting preparation (9 hr) compared with that following the conventional
      dosage form (4 hr). Both conventional and long-acting propranolol significantly
      decreased the exercise heart rate at each of the selected time points (P less
      than .05) compared with placebo. Reduction in exercise heart rate was greater
      with conventional propranolol than with the long-acting formulation, but the
      differences were not statistically significant, when exercise was performed only
      at trough levels of the conventional drug. The decreases in exercise heart rate
      were correlated with plasma propranolol concentrations.

PMID- 3693584
TI  - Influence of food on the pharmacokinetics of quinapril and its active diacid
      metabolite, CI-928.
AB  - A randomized two-way crossover study was conducted in 12 healthy volunteers to
      assess the effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of quinapril (CI-906) and its
      active metabolite, CI-928, after quinapril dosing. Forty-milligram oral quinapril
      doses were administered in a fasted or a fed state with a one-week washout period
      between treatments. No significant treatment differences were observed in
      quinapril and CI-928 values for maximum plasma concentration, area under the
      plasma concentration-time curve, or percentage of dose excreted in the urine.
      Small but significant increases of less than 0.5 hour in quinapril and CI-928
      tmax values were observed after consumption of food. The pharmacokinetic profiles
      of quinapril and CI-928 were not significantly altered by the administration of
      food.

PMID- 3693585
TI  - Long-term antiarrhythmic therapy with cibenzoline.
AB  - This single-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated long-term therapy with
      cibenzoline in 19 patients with chronic ventricular arrhythmias. Antiarrhythmic
      efficacy, defined as greater than or equal to 75% reduction in single premature
      ventricular complexes (PVCs), greater than or equal to 90% reduction in paired
      PVCs, and total abolition of ventricular tachycardia (VT), was established after
      dose titration in 14 of 19 (74%) patients. Mean frequency of single PVCs was
      reduced by 65%, mean paired PVC frequency was reduced by 68%, and mean VT event
      frequency was reduced by 82%. Antiarrhythmic efficacy was maintained during long
      term therapy in five of the 14 (36%) short-term responders. Of the nine patients
      who discontinued cibenzoline during long-term follow-up, five had a loss of
      arrhythmia control, three failed to redevelop arrhythmias during placebo
      reintroduction, and one developed an adverse reaction. Three patients (16%)
      experienced a proarrhythmic effect. Echocardiographic evaluation did not reveal
      any deleterious effect of cibenzoline on left ventricular function in the group
      as a whole. In six patients with preexisting left ventricular dysfunction, left
      ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening improved significantly (P
      less than .05) during cibenzoline therapy. Adverse effects occurred in seven
      patients (37%) but necessitated drug discontinuation in only one patient (5%).
      Cibenzoline provides effective short-term therapy for patients with chronic
      ventricular arrhythmias. Long-term therapy must be assessed periodically to
      ensure continued efficacy. Drug-related adverse effects occur infrequently.
      Cibenzoline can be used safely in patients with compensated left ventricular
      dysfunction.

PMID- 3693586
TI  - Treatment of severe left ventricular dysfunction with calcium chloride in
      patients receiving verapamil.
AB  - This report describes two patients who received verapamil because of
      supraventricular arrhythmias. The patients both developed severe hypotension and
      signs of left ventricular compromise. The hypotension and left ventricular
      compromise were promptly reversed by administration of intravenous calcium
      chloride. The dramatic improvement was documented clinically and in one case by
      two-dimensional echocardiography.

PMID- 3693587
TI  - Predictive performance of Sawchuk-Zaske and Bayesian dosing methods for
      tobramycin.
AB  - We evaluated the reliability of pharmacokinetic parameter estimations determined
      by the Sawchuk-Zaske method and by a Bayesian method for predicting steady-state
      tobramycin concentrations on day 4 and day 10 of therapy in 30 patients treated
      for gram-negative infections. We also assessed the effect of using only trough
      tobramycin concentrations on the predictive performance of the Bayesian method.
      The mean estimation of tobramycin volume of distribution was significantly
      different for the Bayesian methods compared with the Sawchuk-Zaske methods when
      the same number of L/kg). Comparing the Bayesian and Sawchuk-Zaske methods when
      the same number of serum concentrations was available, the Bayesian method
      overpredicted peak concentrations on day 4 of therapy. When only trough
      concentration data were used, the Bayesian method significantly overpredicted
      peak concentrations compared with the Sawchuk-Zaske method on days 4 and 10 of
      therapy. Each method predicted steady-state trough concentrations without
      significant differences in bias or accuracy. The Bayesian method may be useful in
      providing aminoglycoside dosing recommendations.

PMID- 3693588
TI  - Phase I study of cefixime, a new oral cephalosporin.
AB  - The tolerance to and pharmacokinetics of cefixime, a new oral cephalosporin, were
      evaluated in healthy volunteers given the drug in single doses of 50, 100 and 200
      mg and repeated doses of 200 mg bid for 14 days. In the repeated-dose study,
      there were mild and transient subjective symptoms such as soft stools, diarrhea,
      and anorexia, which disappeared without additional treatment during the dosing
      period. Slight increases in eosinophil and serum amylase levels were also
      observed. The serum concentrations of cefixime peaked at 0.71, 1.17, and 2.08
      micrograms/mL on average, four to five hours after dosing with 50, 100, and 200
      mg, respectively, and the half-lives were 2.54, 2.38, and 2.29 hours. Serum
      concentrations and urinary recoveries after dosing with 100 mg were little
      affected by food ingestion. There was no evidence of cefixime accumulation in the
      body by repeated dosing since mean serum concentrations and urinary recoveries
      were almost the same on the first, third, seventh, and 14th days of dosing.

PMID- 3693589
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of interferon alpha-2b in healthy volunteers.
AB  - In a three-way crossover design, 12 healthy male volunteers received 5 X 10(6)
      IU/m2 body surface area interferon alpha-2b(IFN alpha-2b) by intravenous (IV)
      infusion over 30 minutes, intramuscular (IM) injections, and subcutaneous (SC)
      injections. Blood and urine samples were collected at specified times, and
      analysis of IFN alpha-2b concentrations was performed by immunoradiometric assay.
      "Flulike" symptoms were the most frequently reported adverse experiences and were
      independent of the route of administration. After a 30-minute IV infusion, IFN
      alpha-2b disappeared rapidly from serum, with distribution and elimination phase
      half-lives of 0.1 hour and 1.7 hours, respectively. Interferon alpha-2b was
      absorbed slowly after IM and SC administration, with similar absorption half
      lives of 5.8 and 5.5 hours, respectively. The observed maximal concentrations
      after IM and SC administration were 42.1 IU/mL at six hours and 45.8 IU/mL at
      eight hours, respectively. Interferon alpha-2b was eliminated with half-lives of
      2.2 hours after IM administration and 2.9 hours after SC administration. The
      areas under the serum concentration-time curves for the SC and IM doses were
      higher than those obtained for the IV infusion. Measurable amounts of IFN alpha
      2b were not found in urine regardless of the route of administration.

PMID- 3693590
TI  - Stimulation of sentence production in a case with agrammatism.
AB  - A multiple base-line single-subject experimental design was employed to study
      effects of a sentence stimulation treatment on sentence production in an aphasic
      patient with agrammatism. Prior to this seven-week study, the subject had not
      been using speech functionally for six months. Treatment was applied sequentially
      across three sets of picture stimuli. Performance was measured with probes of
      verbal description for each set. Results showed that treatment influenced
      description of the pictures being treated and that some generalization occurred
      with sets not being treated. However, formal pre-post testing indicated that a
      broader effect had not been obtained.

PMID- 3693591
TI  - Aphasia following right thalamic hemorrhage in a dextral.
AB  - A 74-year-old, right-handed woman with a right thalamic hemorrhage and aphasia is
      described. Sequential neurologic examinations and aphasia testing were carried
      out during a 1-year period and the results are reported. The patient exhibited a
      language deficit resembling a transcortical aphasia in the acute stage. Reduced
      spontaneous speech, fading voice volume, fluent verbal output with paraphasia,
      anomia, and a mild comprehension difficulty were present. Repetition was good. At
      1 year postonset, the primary language problem exhibited by the patient was in
      object naming, all other components of the original language deficit having shown
      good recovery. This is the first reported case of right thalamic involvement in
      speech/language in the absence of personal and familial sinistrality.

PMID- 3693592
TI  - An investigation of Luria's hypothesis on prompting in aphasic naming
      disturbances.
AB  - This study investigated Luria's hypothesis that aphasic subgroups would respond
      differentially to phonemic prompts. Responsiveness to initial-sound cues was
      examined in 40 aphasics--10 Broca's, conduction, Wernicke's, and anomic aphasics
      who had naming difficulties. Results, with the exception of the anomic aphasic
      group, supported Luria's predictions. Broca's aphasics were responsive to
      phonemic cueing, while Wernicke's aphasics were not. Conduction aphasics tended
      to respond in a fashion similar to the Wernicke's group. The relationship of
      cueing responsiveness to underlying naming mechanisms is discussed.

PMID- 3693593
TI  - Speech shadowing characteristics of stutterers under diotic and dichotic
      conditions.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to compare adult stutterers' and adult
      nonstutterers' fluent speech patterns produced during one nonshadowed reading and
      two speech shadowing conditions. Subjects' speech error rates, shadowing
      strategies, and fluent speech segment durations were obtained during baseline,
      diotic speech shadowing, and dichotic speech shadowing conditions. Results
      indicated that stutterers produced fewer speech production errors (i.e.,
      omissions, substitutions, and insertions) than nonstutterers during each
      shadowing condition. Stutterers also favored the use of a word-by-word speech
      shadowing strategy, while nonstutterers utilized both word-by-word and small
      phrase shadowing strategies. Finally, stutterers exhibited significantly longer
      vowel and phrase durations than nonstutterers during the shadowing conditions.

PMID- 3693594
TI  - Development of the precerebellar nuclei in the rat: I. The precerebellar
      neuroepithelium of the rhombencephalon.
AB  - Short-survival thymidine radiograms from rat embryos aged 13-19 days were
      analyzed to delineate the precerebellar neuroepithelium of the rhombencephalon.
      The original definition of the term "rhombencephalon" was modified to refer only
      to the unique dorsal portion (surface plate) of the medulla and pons where the
      neural groove fails to fuse and, instead, the medullary velum covers the rhomboid
      lumen of the fourth ventricle. Initially, the neuroepithelial tissue of the
      rhombencephalon consists of a pair of rostral and caudal bridgeheads: the former
      the primary neuroepithelium of the cerebellum and the latter the primary
      neuroepithelium of the octavo-precerebellar system. The spatial relationship
      between the cerebellar and precerebellar neuroepithelia soon changes as a result
      of ongoing morphogenetic events, such that the cerebellar primordium assumes a
      dorsal position and the precerebellar primordium a ventral position, and the
      distance between the two decreases. Concurrently the tela choroidea invaginates
      into the fourth ventricle and a secondary precerebellar neuroepithelium develops.
      The rostral portion of the secondary precerebellar neuroepithelium grows forward
      along the choroid plexus and forms the medial recess of the anterior fourth
      ventricle, while its caudal portion grows in the opposite direction beneath the
      medullary velum and forms the rostral wall of the posterior fourth ventricle.
      Evidence will be presented in the succeeding papers that the primary
      precerebellar neuroepithelium first generates the neurons of the inferior olive
      that migrate by a circumferential intramural (parenchymal) route to their
      destination. Next, the neurons of the lateral reticular and external cuneate
      nuclei are generated. These migrate by a posterior extramural (superficial) route
      and settle contralaterally. Subsequently, the primary precerebellar
      neuroepithelium produces the neurons of the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis
      and these form the anterior extramural migratory stream and settle ipsilaterally.
      Finally, the secondary precerebellar neuroepithelium produces the latest
      generated neurons of the basal pontine gray that follow the anterior extramural
      stream and settle ipsilaterally.

PMID- 3693595
TI  - Development of the precerebellar nuclei in the rat: II. The intramural olivary
      migratory stream and the neurogenetic organization of the inferior olive.
AB  - Sequential thymidine radiograms from rats labeled on days E13 and E14, and killed
      at daily intervals thereafter, were analyzed to trace the migratory route and
      settling pattern of neurons of the inferior olive. Long-survival thymidine
      radiograms from perinatal rats injected on day E14 were used to subdivide the
      inferior olivary complex on the basis of neurogentic criteria. The inferior
      olivary neurons originate on days E13 and E14 in the primary precerebellar
      neuroepithelium. The olivary neurons labeled on day E14 (the late generated
      components) translocate into the inferior olivary premigratory zone on day E15.
      On day E16 these cells join the olivary migratory stream, which follows an
      intramural circumferential path between the gray and white matters of the
      medulla. By day E17 the olivary migratory stream is reduced to a small band near
      the corpus of the inferior olive, which has been settled by this time by neurons
      generated on day E13. As a result, the unlabeled cells are situated on day E17
      dorsomedially and the labeled cells ventrolaterally. The regional segregation of
      neurons forming subdivisions of the inferior olive begins on day E18, and by day
      E19 the major subdivisions are all recognizable. In thymidine radiograms from
      perinatal rats injected on day E14, four neurogenetic components can be
      distinguished in the inferior olive, those composed: (1) of unlabeled cells
      (generated on day E13), (2) of predominantly unlabeled cells, (3) of
      predominantly labeled cells (generated on day E14), and (4) of labeled cells. By
      combining these neurogenetic differences with the morphological features of the
      inferior olivary complex, we propose a modification of the currently accepted
      classification. The four major divisions of the inferior olive are the
      successively produced posterodorsal olive, anterolateral (principal) olive,
      posteroventral olive, and anteroventral olive. The location and configuration of
      these divisions are illustrated in relation to the traditional classification
      both in the coronal and the sagittal plane.

PMID- 3693596
TI  - Development of the precerebellar nuclei in the rat: III. The posterior
      precerebellar extramural migratory stream and the lateral reticular and external
      cuneate nuclei.
AB  - Sequential thymidine radiograms from rats injected on day E15 and killed
      thereafter at daily intervals up to day E22 were analyzed to trace the migratory
      routes and settling patterns of neurons of the lateral reticular nucleus and the
      external cuneate nucleus. The neurons of the lateral reticular and external
      cuneate nuclei originate in the primary precerebellar neuroepithelium at the same
      site as the inferior olivary neurons but follow a different migratory route. The
      labeled young neurons that are produced on day E15 (the last one-third of the
      total) join the posterior precerebellar extramural migratory stream. The cells
      move circumferentially over the wall of the medulla in a ventral direction and by
      day E17 reach the midline and cross it beneath the inferior olive. The crossing
      cells apparently continue to migrate circumferentially on the opposite side. One
      complement of these cells begins to form a ventrolateral extramural condensation
      on day E19. By day E20 some cells begin to penetrate the parenchyma and settle as
      neurons of the lateral reticular nucleus. The settling of the lateral reticular
      neurons continues on the following day, and by day E22 all the cells destined for
      the lateral reticular nucleus have penetrated the parenchyma. A dorsomedial-to
      ventrolateral neurogenetic gradient is indicated for the settling lateral
      reticular neurons. Another complement of migrating cells continues dorsally and
      forms a condensation on day E19 that we interpret as the external cuneate
      component of the crossed stream. These cells begin to penetrate the parenchyma on
      day E20, and by days E21 and E22 two components of the external cuneate nucleus
      are identifiable-the dorsal and ventral external cuneate nuclei. The neurons of
      the lateral reticular and external cuneate nuclei differ from neurons of all the
      other precerebellar nuclei in that their cerebellar projection is predominantly
      ipsilateral. We speculate that the axons of all precerebellar neurons are
      genetically specified to cross the midline ventrally to provide a contralateral
      efferent projection, but this is modified in the case of the ipsilaterally
      projecting lateral reticular and external cuneate neurons by the cell bodies
      following their neurites to the opposite side.

PMID- 3693597
TI  - Development of the precerebellar nuclei in the rat: IV. The anterior
      precerebellar extramural migratory stream and the nucleus reticularis tegmenti
      pontis and the basal pontine gray.
AB  - Sequential thymidine radiograms from rats injected on days E16, E17, E18, and E19
      and killed 2 hours after injection and at daily intervals up to day E22 were used
      to establish the site of origin, migratory route, and settling patterns of
      neurons of the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis and basal pontine gray. The
      nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis neurons, which are produced predominantly on
      days E15 and E16, derive from the primary precerebellar neuroepithelium. These
      cells, unlike those of the lateral reticular and external cuneate nuclei, take an
      anteroventral subpial route, forming the anterior precerebellar extramural
      migratory stream. This migratory stream reaches the anterior pole of the pons by
      day E18. In rats injected on day E16 and killed on day E18 some of the cells that
      reach the pons are unlabeled, indicating that they represent the early component
      of neurons generated on day E15. The cells labeled on day E16 begin to settle in
      the pons on day E19, 3 days after their production. These cells, migrating in an
      orderly temporal sequence, form a posterodorsal-to-anteroventral gradient in the
      nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis. Unlike the neurons of all the other
      precerebellar nuclei, the basal pontine gray neurons derive from the secondary
      precerebellar neuroepithelium. The secondary precerebellar neuroepithelium forms
      on day E16 as an outgrowth of the primary precerebellar neuroepithelium, and it
      remains mitotically active through day E19, spanning the entire period of basal
      pontine gray neurogenesis. The secondary precerebellar neuroepithelium is
      surrounded by a horizontal layer of postmitotic cells, representing the head
      waters of the anterior precerebellar extramural migratory stream. In rats
      injected on day E18 and killed on day E19 the cells are labeled in the proximal
      half of the stream around the medulla but those closer to the pons are unlabeled,
      indicating an orderly sequence of migration. In rats injected on day E18 and
      killed on day E20 the labeled cells reach the pole of the pons. In the basal
      pontine gray the sequentially generated neurons settle in a precise order. The
      neurons generated on day E16 form a small core posteriorly and the neurons
      generated on days E17, E18, and E19 form regular concentric rings around the core
      in an inside-out sequence.

PMID- 3693598
TI  - An ultrastructural analysis of the sympathetic neuromuscular junctions on
      arterioles of the submucosa of the guinea pig ileum.
AB  - The relationship of the varicosities of sympathetic postganglionic nerve
      terminals to the smooth muscle cells of arterioles in the submucosa of the guinea
      pig ileum has been investigated quantitatively by electron microscopy.
      Longitudinal sections were cut through arterioles about 50 micron in diameter
      after fixation in vitro or in situ under pressure. About 13% of the varicosities
      in individual ultrathin sections made contact with the outer surface of the
      smooth muscle cells. The neuromuscular junctions resembled those in skeletal
      muscle: the basal laminae of the axon bundle and of the smooth muscle were fused,
      and synaptic vesicles were accumulated close to the region of fusion. When
      individual varicosities were examined in serial sections, 92% and 83% in two
      preparations were found to form junctions of this kind. Most of the noncontacting
      varicosities were bare of Schwann cell toward the arteriolar surface and
      separated from it by less than 200 nm. Almost all axon profiles contained
      synaptic vesicles with electron dense cores after exposure to 5-hydroxydopamine.
      In electrophysiological experiments, ionophoretic application of noradrenaline to
      the arteriolar surface along the nerve bundles (demonstrated subsequently by
      fluorescence histochemistry) produced responses resembling those evoked by nerve
      stimulation. These anatomical and physiological data, taken together with the
      evidence for quantal release in this preparation (see Hirst et al., '85), suggest
      that neuromuscular transmission involves the rare release of a quantum of
      noradrenaline at discrete points on the smooth muscle membrane.

PMID- 3693599
TI  - Neurogenesis in the vocalization pathway of Xenopus laevis.
AB  - We examined possible contributions of neurogenesis to sex differences in the
      vocalization pathway of the South African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. Birthdates
      of neurons were obtained from autoradiograms of animals receiving tritiated
      thymidine from gastrulation through 1 month after metamorphosis. Thymidine
      availability studies showed that 80% of the [3H]-thymidine injected into embryos
      and tadpoles was incorporated into the DNA of dividing cells within 3 hours. We
      observed 3 patterns of neurogenesis: late-short, a short burst of proliferation
      occurred late in development in the anterior preoptic area, the ventromedial
      nucleus of the thalamus, and the pretrigeminal nucleus of the dorsal tegmental
      area of the medulla; protracted-bimodal, a prolonged period of proliferation with
      an early and a late peak in the number of labeled cells occurred in the ventral
      striatum and in the ventrolateral and posterior nuclei of the thalamus;
      protracted-unimodal, a prolonged period of proliferation with a single early peak
      occurred in the inferior reticular formation and in the medial and lateral
      nucleus IX-X (containing laryngeal motor neurons). There were no differences
      between sexes in the number of tritiated thymidine labeled cells in any nucleus.
      The difference in nucleus IX-X neuron number in adults does not appear to result
      from sex differences in the proliferation of these cells during development.
      Since neurons in the vocalization pathway do not exhibit androgen receptors until
      after neurogenesis is complete, we also conclude that androgen probably does not
      regulate the genesis of these cells.

PMID- 3693600
TI  - Granule cells of the olfactory tubercle and the question of the islands of
      Calleja.
AB  - The granule cell clusters in the rat olfactory tubercle were studied in Nissl
      stained and Golgi-impregnated sections. Discrete cell clusters that vary in size
      and shape occur mainly in the multiform layer and less often in the molecular
      layer. In cell-stained sections they consist of small, round granule cells, 5-8
      microns in diameter, that often surround a core or hilar area, which may contain
      larger neurons. In Golgi sections, the uni- or bipolar granule cells have a
      globular-shaped soma and varicose dendrites that are thin, have few branches, and
      are usually less than 100 microns long. The dendrites remain within the border of
      the cluster. There are few spines on most granule cells; however, a small
      population of granule cells is spine-rich. The axons are beaded, seldom have
      collaterals, and do not appear to exit from the cluster. Either in the hilus or
      in among granule cells are the special large hilar neurons, whose somata measure
      15-17 x 18-22 microns. Unlike most of the neurons that are near a granule cell
      cluster, the dendrites, and perhaps axons, of the special large hilar neurons
      spread throughout a cluster. Differences in their dendrites suggest that there
      may be several varieties of them, but not enough examples have been studied to
      produce a useful classification. Some of their dendrites have bushlike terminal
      endings. Only the initial, beaded segment of their axons has been impregnated.
      Three types of afferent fibers have been identified: (1) Axons that are probably
      afferent to the olfactory tubercle course along a granule cell cluster giving off
      short collaterals that end in the periphery of a cluster. (2) Axon bundles that
      arise mainly from medium-sized densely spined neurons in the tubercle travel
      through a cluster, emitting boutons en passant or short collaterals that may end
      on granule cells. (3) Thick axons, which are among the thickest fibers in the
      olfactory tubercle, enter a cluster and develop a number of collaterals that in
      turn divide, and finally produce a unique terminal arborization in the cluster.
      The granule cell clusters are frequently identified as the islands of Calleja. A
      comparison of the structure of granule cells with that of the cells Calleja (La
      Region Olfactoria del Cerebro, Madrid: N. Moya, 1893) described in the "isolates
      olfativos," or islands of Calleja, indicates that he was pointing to the
      thickened, ruffled portions of the dense cell layer and not to the granule cell
      clusters.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3693601
TI  - Plantar motoneuron columns in the rat.
AB  - In the rat, the numbers and locations of motoneurons innervating the short
      plantar muscles of the hindlimb (supplied by the medial and lateral plantar
      nerves, as well as a branch of the sural nerve) were determined by using both
      horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and fluorochromes as retrograde labels.
      Topographical organization within the plantar motor nucleus was examined by
      exposing individually the cut ends (encapsulated in low melting-point paraffin)
      of medial plantar, lateral plantar, and sural nerves to HRP. In addition, double
      labeling experiments were conducted in which the medial plantar nerve was labeled
      with one fluorochrome (either true blue or diamidino yellow) and the lateral
      plantar nerve with another. The plantar motor pool is located in the extreme
      dorsolateral portion of the ventral horn, usually concentrated in the fifth
      lumbar (L5) spinal segment. Labeled motoneurons extended caudally into the sixth
      lumbar (L6) segment and rostrally into portions of the fourth lumber (L4)
      segment. Motoneurons of the medial plantar, lateral plantar, and sural nerve have
      overlapping territories. Sural motoneurons (about 70 cells per side) are
      generally confined to L5, medial plantar motoneurons (about 180 cells per side)
      tend to be concentrated in caudal L5 and rostral L6, whereas the lateral plantar
      motoneurons (about 310 cells per side) extend throughout the entire length of the
      plantar motor pool. The distribution of motoneuronal cell size is unimodal (mean
      cross-sectional area = 610 +/- 150 microns2). Cell bodies of plantar motoneurons
      tend to have similar geometries in all three major planes of sectioning. In all,
      the combined plantar plus sural nerve population amounts to about 560 motoneurons
      on each side of the spinal cord. On the basis of these data, and those published
      by others, the innervation of the small muscles of the foot accounts for about
      25% of the motor axons carried by the entire sciatic nerve.

PMID- 3693602
TI  - Segmental origins of the cricket giant interneuron system.
AB  - The segmental origins of the cricket giant interneuron system have been studied
      by staining these neurons with cobalt during the last half of embryonic
      development. The results demonstrate that the interneurons are derived from three
      distinct clusters of embryonic neurons that form a serially repeating pattern in
      each abdominal ganglion. Some of the neurons previously described in adults
      (Mendenhall and Murphey, '74; Murphey, '85) have been identified in embryos and
      are described here with respect to this pattern. These neurons include both giant
      interneurons and several non-giant mechanosensory interneurons that mediate
      several different sensory modalities. The anatomical organization of this system
      is compared to similar mechanosensory systems in other insects and crustacea.

PMID- 3693603
TI  - Early postnatal development of glial cells in the canine cervical spinal cord.
AB  - To study qualitative and quantitative changes in the glial cell population of
      young postnatal dogs, the cervical spinal cords of 20 beagle pups, ranging in age
      from 1 to 28 days, were prepared for light and electron microscopy. Glial cells
      in the lateral corticospinal tract were classified and quantified directly on the
      electron microscope. Quantification was performed by means of a stereological
      method designed to correct for sampling bias, and glia were classified according
      to morphological criteria as immature glial cell precursors, light and dark
      oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia. Glial cell precursors, which include
      undifferentiated glioblasts, oligodendroblasts, and astroblasts, predominated in
      the first few days after birth, constituting 43% of the glial cell population,
      and then declined to less than 5% by 28 days. Light and dark oligodendrocytes
      differed morphologically in their electron density and the appearance of their
      organelles. Light oligodendrocytes increased slightly prior to myelination, and
      then declined, whereas dark oligodendrocytes continued to increase throughout the
      4-week period and became the predominant cell type at 28 days (66%). In contrast
      to the oligodendroglial population, the sizes of the astroglial and microglial
      cell populations were relatively stable. This study shows that the population of
      immature glial cell precursors, abundant at birth in the lateral corticospinal
      tract, appear to be differentiating primarily into oligodendroglia, because this
      population exhibits a rapid increase in size, and relatively little change occurs
      in the astrocyte population. The trends in glial cell development in the dog are
      similar to those reported for rodents, although there may be some variation in
      the maturation and activity of oligodendrocytes.

PMID- 3693604
TI  - Neurogenetic and morphogenetic heterogeneity in the bed nucleus of the stria
      terminalis.
AB  - Neurogenesis and morphogenesis in the rat bed nucleus of the stria terminalis
      (strial bed nucleus) were examined with [3H]thymidine autoradiography. For
      neurogenesis, the experimental animals were the offspring of pregnant females
      given an injection of [3H]thymidine on 2 consecutive gestational days. Nine
      groups of embryos were exposed to [3H]thymidine on E13-E14, E14-E15,... E21-E22,
      respectively. On P60, the percentage of labeled cells and the proportion of cells
      originating during 24-hour periods were quantified at six anteroposterior levels
      in the strial bed nucleus. On the basis of neurogenetic gradients, the strial bed
      nucleus was divided into anterior and posterior parts. The anterior strial bed
      nucleus shows a caudal (older) to rostral (younger) neurogenetic gradient. Cells
      in the vicinity of the anterior commissural decussation are generated mainly
      between E13 and E16, cells just posterior to the nucleus accumbens mainly between
      E15 and E17. Within each rostrocaudal level, neurons originate in combined dorsal
      to ventral and medial to lateral neurogenetic gradients so that the oldest cells
      are located ventromedially and the youngest cells dorsolaterally. The most caudal
      level has some small neurons adjacent to the internal capsule that originate
      between E17 and E20. In the posterior strial bed nucleus, neurons extend
      ventromedially into the posterior preoptic area. Cells are generated
      simultaneously along the rostrocaudal plane in a modified lateral (older) to
      medial (younger) neurogenetic gradient. Ventrolateral neurons originate mainly
      between E13 and E16, dorsolateral neurons mainly between E15 and E16, and medial
      neurons mainly between E15 and E17. The youngest neurons are clumped into a
      medial "core" area just ventral to the fornix. For morphogenesis, pregnant
      females were given a single injection of [3H]thymidine during gestation, and
      their embryos were removed either 2 hours later (short survival) or in successive
      24-hour periods (sequential survival). The embryonic brains were examined to
      locate areas of intensely labeled cells in the putative neuroepithelium of the
      strial bed nucleus, to trace migratory waves of young neurons, and to establish
      their final settling locations. Two different neuroepithelial sources produce
      neurons for the strial bed nucleus. The anterior strial bed nucleus is generated
      by a neuroepithelial zone at the base of the inferior horn of the lateral
      ventricle from the anterior commissural decussation area forward to the
      primordium of the nucleus accumbens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3693605
TI  - Development of the preoptic area: time and site of origin, migratory routes, and
      settling patterns of its neurons.
AB  - Neurogenesis and morphogenesis in the rat preoptic area were examined with
      [3H]thymidine autoradiography. For neurogenesis, the experimental animals were
      the offspring of pregnant females given an injection of [3H]thymidine on two
      consecutive gestational days. Nine groups were exposed to [3H]thymidine on
      embryonic days E13-E14, E14-E15, E21-E22, respectively. On postnatal day P5, the
      percentage of labeled cells and the proportion of cells originating during 24-hr
      periods were quantified at four anteroposterior levels in the preoptic area.
      Throughout most of the preoptic area there is a lateral to medial neurogenetic
      gradient. Neurons originate between E12-E15 in the lateral preoptic area, between
      E13-E16 in the medial preoptic area, between E14-E17 in the medial preoptic
      nucleus, and between E15-E18 in the periventricular nucleus. These structures
      also have intrinsic dorsal to ventral neurogenetic gradients. There are two
      atypical structures: (1) the sexually dimorphic nucleus originates exceptionally
      late (E15-E19) and is located more lateral to the ventricle than older neurons;
      (2) in the median preoptic nucleus, where older neurons (E13-E14) are located
      closer to the third ventricle than younger neurons (E14-E17). For an
      autoradiographic study of morphogenesis, pregnant females were given a single
      injection of [3H]thymidine during gestation, and their embryos were removed
      either two hrs later (short survival) or in successive 24-hr periods (sequential
      survival). Short-survival autoradiography was used to locate the putative
      neuroepithelial sources of preoptic nuclei, and sequential survival
      autoradiography was used to trace the migratory waves of young neurons and their
      final settling locations. The preoptic neuroepithelium is located anterior to and
      in the front wall of the optic recess. The neuroepithelium lining the third
      ventricle is postulated to contain a mosaic of spatiotemporally defined
      neuroepithelial zones, each containing precursor cells for a specific structure.
      The neuroepithelial zones and the migratory waves originating from them are
      illustrated. Throughout most of the preoptic area, neurons migrate predominantly
      laterally. The older neurons in the lateral preoptic area migrate earlier and
      settle adjacent to the telencephalon. Younger neurons migrate in successively
      later waves and accumulate medially. The sexually dimorphic neurons are
      exceptional since they migrate past older cells to settle in the core of the
      medial preoptic nucleus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3693606
TI  - Changing glial organization relates to changing fiber order in the developing
      optic nerve of ferrets.
AB  - The structures of the developing eye-stalk and the relationships of early
      retinofugal fibers as they pass through the stalk, chiasm, and tract have been
      studied by light and electron microscopical methods in fetal ferrets aged 23-27
      days. The early eye-stalk can be divided into two parts: a narrow extracranial
      part has a narrow lumen and is lined by few cells, whereas a thicker intracranial
      part has a wider lumen and is lined by several rows of cells. At the earliest
      stages no axon bundles are recognizable in the stalk, but fibers of the
      supraoptic commissure are already beginning to cross the midline in the
      diencephalon. Subsequently, as retinofugal axons invade the stalk, the glia of
      the extracranial part of the stalk have an interfascicular distribution and axon
      bundles are separately encircled by glial cytoplasm. In the intracranial part, as
      in the chiasm and tract, the glial cells occupy a periventricular position and
      send slender radial cytoplasmic processes to the subpial surface; these pass
      between groups of axons that here lie immediately deep to the subpial glia.
      Whereas axonal growth cones have no evident preferred distribution in the
      extracranial stalk, they tend to accumulate near the pial surface intracranially.
      The boundary between the two types of organization shifts as development proceeds
      so that the interfascicular glial structure of the early extracranial stalk first
      encroaches upon the intracranial parts and later appears in the chiasm. The
      characteristic adult arrangement of fibers in an age-related order in the optic
      chiasm and tract, but not in the optic nerve, can be understood if axonal growth
      cones are guided toward the pial surface by radial glia but not by
      interfascicular glia. From the distribution of the growth cones, this is what
      appears to happen.

PMID- 3693608
TI  - Morphology, number, and distribution of putative GABA-ergic neurons in the
      basilar pontine gray of the monkey.
AB  - We used an antibody raised against the inhibitory transmitter gamma-aminobutyric
      acid (GABA) in the basilar pontine gray (bpg) of the monkey. Somata, dendrites,
      and a plexus of probably axonal fibers exhibited GABA-like immunoreactivity.
      Labeled neurons were small with oval, triangular, or circular soma shape. They
      gave rise to 2 to 4 dendrites with little branching. No axons were seen issuing
      from the soma. Occasionally, appendages consisting of spheroidal bodies
      positioned at the distal end of tenuous stalks and (in 1 cell) axonlike processes
      were observed to originate from dendrites. According to their morphology, we
      suggest that these putative GABA-ergic neurons may correspond to the type II
      neurons observed in Golgi material. The average number of putative GABA-ergic
      cells in 40-micron sections was about 30/mm2. When compared with Nissl-stained
      sections, these amounted to about 5% of all cells. There was no substantial
      variation in average density in different parts of the bpg. However, labeled
      cells tended to lie in clusters, perhaps related to the well-established input
      output compartments of the bpg. The demonstration of a significant population of
      putative inhibitory neurons challenges the traditional view of the bpg, which
      suggests that this brainstem cell group functions as a simple relay exchanging
      signals between cortex and cerebellum.

PMID- 3693607
TI  - Early uncrossed component of the developing optic nerve with a short
      extracerebral course: a light and electron microscopic study of fetal ferrets.
AB  - During the study of the developing optic nerve described in the preceding paper
      (Guillery and Walsh, '87), small bundles of nerve fibers were seen passing
      between the optic nerve and the ipsilateral hypothalamus of 24-to 27-day-old
      prenatal ferrets. The bundles appear before any other fiber groups of the
      retinofugal pathway and are identifiable while the main portions of the
      retinofugal system are growing into the optic tracts. The bundles, made up of 50
      or more axons, leave the optic nerve, emerge through the otherwise continuous
      layer of subpial glia and through the basal lamina of the nerve, run a short,
      naked, extracerebral course among collagen fibers and presumed fibroblasts, and
      then re-enter the central nervous system, passing rostrally and dorsally to the
      superficial parts of the ipsilateral hypothalamus away from the region of the
      chiasm. These fibers represent the earliest link between the optic nerve and the
      brain, but their course is not followed by the majority of retinofugal fibers
      developing later, which pass toward one or the other optic tract.

PMID- 3693609
TI  - Electron microscopic analysis of the synaptic organization of the globus pallidus
      in the cat.
AB  - The synaptic organization of the feline globus pallidus (GP) was studied electron
      microscopically. The axon terminals were classified into five types on the basis
      of the size and shape of synaptic vesicles and the type of postsynaptic
      differentiations. Type I and II axon terminals were characterized by large,
      pleomorphic vesicles and by a symmetric and an asymmetric synaptic contact,
      respectively. Type III and IV axon terminals were characterized by small,
      pleomorphic vesicles and by a symmetric and an asymmetric synaptic contact,
      respectively. Type V axon terminals were characterized by elongated and large
      round vesicles and by a symmetric synaptic contact. The origins of these
      terminals were determined by a combined degeneration and HRP tracing technique.
      Following injections of HRP into the caudate nucleus or electrolytic lesions in
      this nucleus, type I terminals were anterogradely labeled with HRP or
      degenerated, respectively. Although type III, IV, and V terminals were labeled
      with HRP after HRP injections into the subthalamic nuclear region, only type IV
      and V terminals degenerated after lesions in that area. Type II terminals did not
      show any alterations following such treatment. These results suggest that type I
      terminals originate from the caudate nucleus, that type IV and V terminals come
      from the subthalamic nucleus or caudal to it, and that type III terminals are the
      terminals of intrinsic axon collaterals of GP neurons which send axons to the
      subthalamic nucleus. Occasionally convergence of different kinds of axon
      terminals on the same GP neuron was also observed. These terminals originated
      from the caudate nucleus and the subthalamic nucleus or caudal to it.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3693610
TI  - Influence of nerve growth factor on chick trigeminal motor nucleus explants.
AB  - Explants of the metencephalic basal plate from stage 11 (40-hour) chick embryos
      containing the trigeminal (V) motor nucleus were cultured in standard control
      medium, in medium supplemented with nerve growth factor (NGF), in medium
      supplemented with NGF and specific antibodies to NGF (anti-NGF), and in medium
      supplemented with anti-NGF alone. The explants grown in the presence of NGF
      displayed an enhanced density and complexity of neuritic outgrowth, with this
      growth significantly surpassing that seen in the control group (p less than
      .001). The explants grown in NGF plus anti-NGF and those grown in anti-NGF alone
      did not differ from controls. The results indicate that this early cholinergic
      population is specifically responsive to NGF. This finding is consistent with
      recent studies in which NGF receptor binding has been found in this and other
      early brainstem and spinal cord motor neuron populations. The possible relevance
      of these observations to the normal sequence involved in the development of the V
      motor nucleus is discussed, particularly as they may relate to the relationship
      between the V ganglion and the developing V motor population.

PMID- 3693611
TI  - Morphological features of layer V pyramidal neurons in the cat parietal cortex:
      an intracellular HRP study.
AB  - Layer V pyramidal neurons in the cat parietal cortex (areas 5 and 7) were
      investigated with intracellular HRP staining. Antidromic responses were recorded
      intracellularly as well as extracellularly with pontine stimulation under
      Nembutal anesthesia. The relationship between the latency of antidromic responses
      and the morphology of HRP-stained neurons was analyzed. A total of 65 neurons
      were stained with HRP, and sixteen of these neurons were activated antidromically
      with pontine stimulation. Two distinct groups of layer V pyramidal neurons were
      detected morphologically by intracellular HRP staining; i.e., one (F type)
      consisted of neurons with relatively large somata (58.4 +/- 8.1 micron X 24.5 +/-
      5.1 micron, N = 11) and aspiny or sparsely spinous apical dendrites, and the
      other (S type) consisted of neurons with smaller somata (44.6 +/- 7.6 micron X
      19.3 +/- 3.9 micron, N = 22) and richly spinous apical dendrites. These two
      groups showed different electrophysiological properties; i.e., the former
      responded antidromically to pontine stimulation at a latency shorter than 1.5 ms
      (namely, with a conduction velocity faster than 18 m/second) and the latter
      responded at a latency longer than 1.5 ms. The two neuronal types in the parietal
      cortex corresponded respectively to fast and slow pyramidal tract neurons (PTNs)
      investigated in the sensorimotor cortex. Although their morphological features
      were almost similar to those of PTNs, the branching pattern of apical dendrites
      of the F-type pyramidal neuron seemed to be different from that of fast PTNs. In
      the parietal cortex, apical dendrites of F-type neurons showed rather frequent
      branching in layer I. This was similar to the pattern of branching in slow PTNs.
      Such a characteristic branching pattern suggested that, in the cat parietal
      cortex, layer V pyramidal neurons of both types are adapted to receive cerebellar
      inputs through the ventroanterior (VA) thalamic nucleus to the superficial
      cortical layers.

PMID- 3693612
TI  - Amacrine cells in the ganglion cell layer of the cat retina.
AB  - Following transection of the optic nerve, ganglion cells in the cat retina
      undergo retrograde degeneration. However, many small profiles (less than or equal
      to 10 micron) survive in the ganglion cell layer. Previously considered to be
      neuroglia, there is now substantial evidence that they are displaced amacrine
      cells. Their density increases from approximately 1,000 cells/mm2 in peripheral
      retina to 7,000 cells/mm2 in the central area. Their total number was found to be
      850,000, which is five times the number of ganglion cells and also five times the
      number of astrocytes. Uptake of 3H-muscimol followed by autoradiography labelled
      75% of the displaced amacrine cells; hence, the majority seem to be GABAergic.
      Immunocytochemistry with an antibody directed against choline-acetyl-transferase
      labelled approximately 10% of the displaced amacrines in the peripheral retina
      and 17% in the central area. Uptake of serotonin (5-HT) followed by
      immunocytochemistry was found in 25-30% of displaced amacrines. NADPH diaphorase
      histochemistry labelled approximately 5% of displaced amacrine cells. The sum of
      the various percentages make colocalization likely. Intracellular injection of
      Lucifer Yellow under microscopic control revealed that displaced amacrine cells
      constitute several morphological types.

PMID- 3693613
TI  - Thalamic and corticocortical connections of the second somatic sensory area of
      the mouse.
AB  - Thalamic and corticocortical connections of the second somatic sensory area (SII)
      in the mouse cerebral cortex were investigated by means of the retrograde
      transport of horseradish peroxidase. Focal injections of the enzyme were made in
      physiologically determined locations within the parietal cortex. Results show
      that SII receives substantial inputs from topographically appropriate regions
      within the ipsilateral ventrobasal nucleus and from the ipsilateral posterior
      group. The limb representation, which was previously found to be responsive to
      auditory stimulation, received inputs also from the medial division of the medial
      geniculate body. The SII face representation, which is largely unresponsive to
      auditory stimuli, received little or no input from the medial geniculate body.
      SII injections yielded retrograde labeling in the topographically appropriate
      region in the first somatic sensory area (SI), and SI injections retrogradely
      labeled cells in SII in a pattern consistent with previous electrophysiological
      maps. Homotypical regions within SI and SII therefore appear to be reciprocally
      interconnected. SII also receives inputs from the ipsilateral motor cortex and
      from contralateral SI and SII. Finally, injections into the SI paw but not face
      regions yielded retrograde labeling in the thalamic ventrolateral nucleus. Thus,
      the distal limb representations in SI and SII each receive inputs from a third
      major relay nucleus (i.e., medial geniculate to SII, ventrolateral nucleus to SI)
      whereas the face representations do not. These results indicate a close
      functional interrelationship between homotypical areas in SI and SII, though the
      two areas differ in several important respects. It is proposed that SII in mice
      may complement the function of SI by helping to define the overall sensory
      context in which detailed tactile discriminations are made.

PMID- 3693614
TI  - Dopaminergic regulation of horizontal cell gap junction particle density in
      goldfish retina.
AB  - Light- or dark-adapted goldfish (Carassius auratus) retinas were treated with
      dopamine, which is believed to uncouple horizontal cells via D1 receptors, or
      with the dopamine antagonist haloperidol. Aldehyde-fixed retinas were freeze
      fractured and the replicas examined by electron microscopy to identify horizontal
      gap junctions. The density (number per micron2) of intra-membrane particles of
      horizontal cell soma gap junctions was significantly lower in light-adapted and
      dopamine-treated retinas than in dark-adapted and haloperidol-treated retinas.
      There was no statistically significant difference between gap junction particles
      densities in (I) light-adapted (untreated) and in dopamine-treated (light- or
      dark-adapted) retinas, or between (II) dark-adapted (untreated) and haloperidol
      treated (light- or dark-adapted). These results suggest that the uncoupling of
      horizontal cell somas by dopamine is accompanied by a decrease in gap junction
      particle density and that there is a greater release of dopamine during light
      adaptation than dark-adaptation. Unlike horizontal cell somas, horizontal cell
      axon terminals did not show consistent changes in gap junction particle density
      with light- or dark-adaptation. Although the data suggests that there may be a
      reduction in axon terminal gap junction particle density with dopamine treatment,
      this effect is not reversible with haloperidol treatment. Our results suggest
      that the regulation of gap junctions may differ at two sites within the same
      cell.

PMID- 3693615
TI  - Proctolin-like immunoreactive neurons in the blowfly central nervous system.
AB  - The pentapeptide proctolin (H-Arg-Tyr-Leu-Pro-Thr-OH) is a well-studied bioactive
      substance in insects. With an antiserum against proctolin we have mapped
      proctolinlike-immunoreactive (PLI) neurons in the nervous system of the blowfly
      Calliphora erythrocephala. In the brain, including the suboesophageal ganglia, 80
      90 neurons were found to be PLI. A further 200-250 PLI neurons innervate the
      lobula of the optic lobe. The thoracic ganglia contain 100-130, and the abdominal
      ca. 60 PLI neurons. In the brain and ventral ganglia the immunoreactive neurons
      are of different types: interneurons, efferents (possibly some motorneurons), and
      neurosecretory cells. Some of these neurons are individually identifiable; others
      can be identified collectively as clusters. Identifiable neurons innervate
      protocerebral neuropil associated with the pars intercerebralis and the beta
      lobes of the mushroom bodies as well as tritocerebral neuropil. Some of the
      prominent clusters innervate the central body of the protocerebrum,
      tritocerebrum, and possibly leg motor neurons. One abdominal cluster is of
      special interest because it consist of efferent neurons with processes in the
      lateral abdominal nerves. Some of these processes are located in the neural
      sheath in neurohaemal regions, and electron microscopy demonstrates that their
      terminals are outside the blood-brain barrier. The PLI processes in the
      protocerebrum contain large granular vesicles and form chemical synapses with
      different kinds of nonimmunoreactive neural elements. Thus, in Calliphora the
      proctolinlike substance may be used as a central transmitter/modulator, a
      neuromuscular transmitter, and a neurohormone released into the circulation.

PMID- 3693616
TI  - Characterization of HRP-labeled globular bushy cells in the cat anteroventral
      cochlear nucleus.
AB  - We report on the anatomical and physiological features of globular bushy cells in
      the posterior division of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus based on the
      characteristics of 20 cells from this population. Each of these cells was
      recorded from and characterized intracellularly and/or extracellularly, injected
      with horseradish peroxidase, and studied at the light and/or electron microscopic
      level. Intracellular records from the vicinity of the globular bushy cell body
      displayed large, fast synaptic potentials, and in some instances a larger
      presumed action potential both in silence and during short tone stimulation.
      Intraaxonal recordings displayed large action potentials in addition to small,
      fast potentials, which evidence indicates may be the decrementally conducted
      subthreshold synaptic potentials. Both recording situations indicated that these
      auditory nerve inputs need not be suprathreshold. Bushy cells with high
      characteristic frequencies (CFs greater than 3 kHz) typically showed primary-like
      with-notch responses to short tones at CF or on-type L responses if the sustained
      level of discharge after the notch was not as robust. Low-CF bushy cells phase
      locked after a well-timed onset spike. Light microscopic anatomy revealed a
      typically oval cell body giving rise to one or two primary dendrites that
      branched profusely and an axon that gave off no collaterals within the cochlear
      nucleus before entering the trapezoid body. Electron microscopic analysis showed
      a high concentration of large, round, vesicle-containing terminals on the cell
      body and primary dendrite while the population of terminals on the initial
      segment and sparsely covered distal dendrites was made up mostly of flat and
      pleomorphic vesicle-containing terminals.

PMID- 3693617
TI  - Spinocerebellar projections from the central cervical nucleus in the cat, as
      studied by anterograde transport of wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase.
AB  - The projection of the spinocerebellar tract arising from the central cervical
      nucleus with crossed ascending axons was studied by the anterograde transport of
      wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) in the cat.
      Following injections of WGA-HRP into the C1 to the C4 or C5 segments, labeled
      terminals were seen in lobules I-VI, sublobule VIIb, lobules VIII and IX, the
      paramedian lobule, crus I and crus II, and the simple lobule. About 67-80% of the
      total number of labeled terminals were in the anterior lobe and 20-33% in the
      posterior lobe; the labeled terminals were abundant in lobules I (11-20%), II (11
      28%), III (5.7-9.6%), IV (8.6-15.4%), and VIII (9-12%). The labeled terminals
      were densely distributed in the basal half or basal two-thirds of sublobules IIa
      Va and VIf-VIb in their apicobasal extent and the transitional areas between
      neighboring sublobules. In sublobules Ia, Ib, and Vg they were distributed over
      the entire sublobule. The labeled terminals were most abundant within 0.5 mm of
      the midline (30-55% of the total number in each sublobule). Results in cases with
      injections into the C2-C4 segments, preceded by hemisection between the C1 and C2
      segments, revealed that the projections were bilateral but predominantly
      contralateral to the cells of origin; the proportion of the quantity of the
      contralateral projection to that of the ipsilateral was about 60:40% in
      sublobules Ia-Vb and sublobules Ve-Vg. The projection field in the horizontal
      plane of the lobule was reconstructed from a series of cross sections through
      each sublobule. The labeled terminals were distributed in three major
      longitudinal areas named areas 1, 2, and 3, respectively. These areas were
      confined in the basal half to two-thirds of lobules III-V: area 1 located in zone
      A1 of Voogd (within 0.25 mm of the midline); area 2 located in zones A1 to A2 (at
      around 0.5 mm lateral to the midline); and area 3 located in the lateral part of
      zone A2 to zone B (between 0.75 mm and 1.5 mm lateral to the midline in lobule
      III, and between 1.0 mm and 2.0 mm lateral to the midline in lobules IV-VI). An
      indefinite area 4 appeared in zones B and C of some lobules. In sublobules Ia,
      Ib, Vf, and Vg the three areas extended throughout the apicobasal
      length.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3693618
TI  - Correlations between structure, topographic arrangement, and spectral sensitivity
      of sound-sensitive interneurons in crickets.
AB  - The morphology of nine prothoracic, sound-activated, interganglionic interneurons
      in Teleogryllus oceanicus is described. Only two of the neurons can, on
      anatomical grounds, receive input directly from auditory receptors. The
      morphology of many of the cells suggests that they may provide output to motor
      areas. The nine cells can be divided into two groups on the basis of their
      spectral sensitivity: high-frequency neurons and low-frequency neurons.
      Correlations were found between morphology and spectral sensitivity. High
      frequency neurons have a ventromedial soma, dorsally positioned neuropile
      processes, and an axon in the lateral half of the promesothoracic connective. In
      contrast, low-frequency neurons have a dorsal and/or laterally positioned soma,
      neuropile processes in the ventral portion of the prothoracic ganglion, and an
      axon projecting in the medial half of the connective. These findings reveal the
      existence of a crude tonotopic organization of central neurons. In addition, they
      provide hints as to the type of output and the targets of these neurons.

PMID- 3693619
TI  - Rod bipolar array in the cat retina: pattern of input from rods and GABA
      accumulating amacrine cells.
AB  - The potential and actual connections between rod and rod bipolar arrays in the
      area centralis of the cat retina were studied by electron microscopy of serial
      ultrathin sections. In the region studied there were about 378,000 rods/mm2 and
      36,000-47,000 rod bipolars/mm2. The tangential spread of rod bipolar dendrites
      was 11.2 microns in diameter, and the "coverage factor" for the rod bipolar cell
      was 3.5-4.6. We estimate that about 37 rods potentially converge on a rod bipolar
      cell and that one rod potentially diverges to about four rod bipolar cells. The
      actual connections, however, are less than this by about half: 16-20 rods
      actually converge on a bipolar cell and one rod actually diverges to slightly
      less than two rod bipolar cells. The degree of convergence appears to reflect a
      compromise between the need to signal graded stimulus intensities (requiring wide
      convergence) and the need to maintain a good signal/noise ratio (requiring narrow
      convergence). Amacrine varicosities that provide reciprocal contact at the rod
      bipolar dyad were studied in serial electron microscopic autoradiograms following
      intraocular administration of 3H-GABA or 3H-glycine. More that 90% of the
      reciprocal amacrine processes accumulated GABA in a specific fashion. This
      information, in conjunction with Nelson's recordings from the rod bipolar and
      amacrine cells postsynaptic at the dyad (Nelson et al: Invest. Ophthalmol. 15:946
      953, '76; Kolb and Nelson: Vision Res. 23:301-312, '83), suggests that feedback
      at the rod bipolar output might be positive.

PMID- 3693620
TI  - Effects of nitrite exposure on blood respiratory properties, acid-base and
      electrolyte regulation in the carp (Cyprinus carpio).
AB  - Adult carp were subjected to 1 mM environmental nitrite for 48 h and nitrite
      uptake and changes in blood respiratory properties, extracellular electrolyte
      composition and acid-base status were examined. A constant influx of nitrite
      caused an accumulation of NO2- in plasma to 5.4 mM in 48 h. The fraction of
      methaemoglobin rose with plasma [NO2-] to 83%, and the arterial oxygen content
      decreased to extremely low values. Arterial PO2 increased as a compensation to
      this O2-shortage, whereas the O2 saturation of the functional (unoxidized)
      haemoglobin decreased, revealing a reduction in its O2 affinity. Blood
      haematocrit decreased as a result of red cell shrinkage, which caused very high
      red cell haemoglobin (Hb) concentrations. The erythrocytic nucleoside
      triphosphate (NTP) concentration showed a parallel increase whereby NTP/Hb, as
      well as the relative contributions of ATP and GTP to NTP, remained unchanged.
      Plasma [Cl-] declined by 15 mM in 48 h, offsetting the plasma [NO2-] increase,
      minor changes in plasma [HCO3-] and a considerable increase in plasma [lactate].
      Arterial pH and [HCO3-] rose slightly during the first 24 h of nitrite exposure,
      but returned to control values at 48 h. The rise in plasma [lactate] was not
      reflected in an extracellular metabolic acidosis. Plasma [K+] increased by 94% in
      48 h, revealing an uncompensated extracellular hyperkalemia, whereas plasma [Na+]
      decreased, and plasma [Ca++] was unchanged. Plasma osmolality remained
      essentially constant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3693621
TI  - Susceptibility of the fat reserves of mice to natural challenges.
AB  - Many small rodents living in the wild neither store food nor forage during the
      daytime. Thus they can feed only at night. Imposing this restriction upon young
      female laboratory mice maintained at 22 degrees C yields a dramatic daily cycle
      in their fat stores. Energy is rapidly stored as fat while feeding, and then
      rapidly utilized during the non-feeding period. Almost one-third of the
      extractable whole body fat is lost during a 14 hour non-feeding period. Less fat
      is stored while feeding at 11 degrees C. Thus missing a single feeding period at
      this cooler temperature results in a total depletion of fat stores. In an
      ultimate sense then, the daily challenge of surviving with such a paucity of fat
      reserves probably presents as great a problem to the small mammal as does the
      thermoregulatory cost of small body size itself. Strategies for solving this
      problem apparently vary immensely from population to population and from locale
      to locale.

PMID- 3693622
TI  - Effect of photoperiod and melatonin on cold resistance, thermoregulation and
      shivering/nonshivering thermogenesis in Japanese quail.
AB  - The effect of photoperiod and melatonin treatment on cold resistance and
      thermogenesis of quails was studied. The birds were acclimated for 8 weeks to
      short day (8L:16D) or long day (16L:8D) conditions, and 8 of 16 quails in each
      group were implanted with melatonin capsules. One group of quails was maintained
      outside in an aviary during winter. Oxygen consumption (VO2), body temperature
      (Tb, recorded with temperature transmitters) and shivering (integrated pectoral
      EMG) were recorded continuously, and samples of heart rate and breathing rate
      were picked up when ambient temperature was decreased stepwise from 27 down to 
      75 degrees C. Heat production maximum (HPmax), cold limit, lower critical
      temperature, basal metabolic rate (BMR) and thermal conductance were determined.
      The results show that short day, cold and melatonin treatment improved cold
      resistance and thermal insulation of quails when compared with quails acclimated
      to long day conditions. An increase in HPmax was induced only by melatonin
      treatment. The results suggest that the acclimatization of quails is under
      control of the pineal gland. The linear increase of shivering intensity with VO2
      at moderate cold load shows that shivering is the primary source for
      thermoregulatory heat production in the quail. At Ta's below -40 degrees C
      shivering remained constant although VO2, heart rate and breathing rate continued
      to increase with increasing cold load. This could indicate the existence of a
      nonshivering thermogenesis in birds. Unlike to mammals, this non-shivering
      thermogenesis in birds would serve as secondary source of heat supporting
      shivering thermogenesis in severe cold.

PMID- 3693623
TI  - Does the natural diet influence the intestine's ability to regulate glucose
      absorption?
AB  - Two fish species (rainbow trout and common carp) that differ in natural diet also
      exhibit differences in the adaptive flexibility of their intestinal nutrient
      transport mechanisms in response to changes in dietary nutrient composition. When
      carp ingested a feed that was 24% glucose by weight, there was an increase in
      both the intestinal length and rates of nutrient absorption, particularly for
      glucose, when compared to carp fed an isonitrogenous diet devoid of digestible
      carbohydrate. As a result, the intestine's uptake capacity (nmol of glucose and
      proline absorbed per min per g body weight) was higher in carp fed the 24%
      glucose feed. Due to the greater increase in glucose uptake, the ratio of glucose
      uptake relative to proline (G/P ratio) was higher in carp fed the 24% glucose.
      Thus, carp are able to adapt to the quantity, and apparently also to the type, of
      digestible carbohydrate in the diet. In contrast, glucose uptake by trout was
      unresponsive to the quantity of dietary carbohydrate. Instead, the elevated
      glucose paradoxically resulted in a greater uptake capacity for proline and a
      lower G/P ratio. Hence, the adaptive capabilities of the intestinal nutrient
      transport processes are matched to the potential variation in the carbohydrate
      content of the natural diet.

PMID- 3693624
TI  - Metabolism of ecdysteroids in the female tick Amblyomma hebraeum (Ixodoidea,
      Ixodidae): accumulation of free ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone in the eggs.
AB  - [3H]-20-hydroxyecdysone ([3H]-20E) injected into Amblyomma hebraeum females 7
      days before the beginning of oviposition, viz. at the beginning of
      vitellogenesis, was converted to 3 polar peaks of unknown nature called 1, 2 and
      3, and to apolar conjugates AP1, AP2 and AP3. AP2 have the same retention times
      as the esters of 20E with long chain fatty acids described in Ornithodoros
      moubata (Diehl et al. 1985). However, principally unmetabolized 20E was
      incorporated into the ovaries, and 16% of the injected labelling was recovered in
      the eggs, 3/4 being free 20E. When 20E was injected during oviposition, it was
      not converted to the polar products but only to the apolar products. At this
      time, 76% of the total radiolabel injected accumulated in the egg-batch,
      principally in the form of free unmetabolized 20E. After injection of [3H]
      ecdysone ([3H]-E), the three polar metabolites 1', 2' and 3', probably 20-deoxy
      homologues of 1, 2 and 3 described above were always produced irrespective of the
      time of injection. In addition, E was metabolized to 20E and to the apolar
      conjugates AP1, AP2, and AP3. E, 20E and peak 2' were incorporated into the ovary
      within the first day after injection. These 3 compounds were found in freshly
      laid eggs in variable proportions, the quantity of E decreasing with time while
      20E and peak 2' increased. At the end of oviposition, ca. 60% of the injected
      radiolabel had been incorporated into the eggs. Apolar products and polar
      metabolites accumulating in the body were apparently not used as a source of free
      hormone for the eggs. Our results with tritiated ecdysteroids confirm our data
      concerning endogenous ecdysteroids of the eggs of A. hebraeum (Connat et al.
      1985). This species, in contrast to 2 other female ticks, Ornithodoros moubata
      and Boophilus microplus, incorporates free E and 20E instead of ecdysteroid
      conjugates into its eggs. The role of these free ecdysteroids remains to be
      elucidated.

PMID- 3693625
TI  - Production and assay of antibodies to an activator of adenylate cyclase,
      forskolin.
AB  - Forskolin is a unique diterpene activator of adenylate cyclase which has been
      extensively used in the study of cAMP generating systems. This report describes
      the production of antibodies to forskolin and the optimization of two sensitive
      assay methods for such antibodies. 7-0-Hemisuccinyl 7-deacetyl forskolin, coupled
      to either human serum albumin or goat IgG, was injected into goats to elicit
      antibodies to the forskolin hapten. Two assay methods, a radioimmunoassay with
      [12-3H]forskolin as a tracer and a colorimetric enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
      (ELISA) with horse radish peroxidase-labelled rabbit anti-goat IgG as an
      indicator, were optimized to test for the presence of forskolin antibodies in
      antisera and isolated IgG fractions. The titers for forskolin antisera were 4000
      10000. Both assay methods can be adapted to quantify forskolin and its protein
      conjugates. The availability of antibodies to this diterpene will be useful in
      accelerating the understanding of the mechanism of adenylate cyclase activation
      by forskolin.

PMID- 3693627
TI  - Microbiological assay of blood serum for the vitamin B12 status of dairy cows.
AB  - Four vitamin B12 assays were compared using blood sera from Friesian cows on
      winter diets or grazing. In herd 1, ten animals were blood-sampled three times at
      monthly intervals and the vitamin B12 concentration of the sera determined by the
      Poteriochromonas malhamensis and Lactobacillus delbrueckii assays. At all three
      sampling dates the results produced by the P. malhamensis assay were
      significantly greater than those produced by the L. delbrueckii assay. Cows in
      herd 2 were divided into two groups, each of 30 animals. One group was given a
      soluble glass bolus releasing cobalt and the other was unsupplemented. Milk
      yields were recorded throughout the experimental period and herbage samples were
      taken at intervals for cobalt determinations. Blood samples were taken at
      intervals from January to September 1983 and the vitamin B12 concentration of the
      sera determined by four different assay methods: the P. malhamensis and L.
      delbrueckii microbiological assays and the Becton Dickinson and RIA Products 'No
      boil' radioassays. The last of these failed to detect vitamin B12 in any sample.
      There was a significant difference between the results obtained by the three
      other assays, with the Becton Dickinson radioassay consistently producing the
      lowest result and the P. malhamensis assay the highest result of the three. There
      was no significant effect of cobalt supplementation on milk yield.

PMID- 3693626
TI  - Evidence for protein kinase C in bovine adrenocortical membrane preparations
      using [35S] gamma-thio-ATP as a phosphate donor.
AB  - Thio-substituted ATP is a sensitive probe for detecting protein kinase C activity
      as demonstrated in bovine adrenocortical cell membrane preparations. A single
      endogenous protein substrate with a molecular weight of approximately 47 Kd was
      rapidly phosphorylated with [3 5S] gamma-thio-ATP as phosphate donor.
      Phosphorylation was significantly increased in 30 seconds and reached a plateau
      by 3 minutes. The activity of the endogenous membrane kinase was unaffected by
      ACTH, cAMP, calmodulin or trifluoperazine but was responsive to combinations of
      calcium (Ca), diolein and phosphatidyl serine (PS). In addition, the kinase was
      activated by the tumor promoting phorbol ester, 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13
      acetate, indicating that the membrane contains a protein kinase C and a single 47
      Kd phosphorylatable protein substrate. The same substrate is phosphorylated by
      Ca/diolein/PS activated kinase in membrane preparations from a broad range of rat
      tissues. Attempts to identify the substrate indicate that it is neither the type
      I regulatory subunit of cAMP dependent protein kinase nor mitochondrial
      cytochrome P450.

PMID- 3693628
TI  - Use of monoclonal antibodies for radioimmunoassay of water buffalo milk
      progesterone.
AB  - In order to standardize a radioimmunoassay of milk progesterone as a routine
      method for confirmation of oestrus and diagnosis of pregnancy in water buffalo,
      monoclonal antibodies against progesterone were produced. Hybridomas were
      prepared by fusing spleen cells from a Balb/c mouse immunized with progesterone
      11 alpha-hemisuccinate-bovine serum albumin conjugate with the mouse myeloma cell
      line NS-1. Thirty wells out of 94 secreted anti-progesterone antibodies. Of the
      ten independent hybridomas derived, one (AF65) was suitable for the
      quantification of milk progesterone by radioimmunoassay. The tracer used in the
      assay was progesterone-11 alpha-hemisuccinate [( 2-125I]iodohistamine). The
      sensitivity of the assay was 50 pg/tube. The mean progesterone concentration at
      oestrus was 0.8 +/- 0.2 ng/ml increasing to 8.5 +/- 0.8 ng/ml 24 d later in
      pregnant animals.

PMID- 3693629
TI  - An automated enzymic micromethod for the measurement of fat in human milk.
AB  - Most (98%) of the fat in human milk is present as triglycerides. This paper
      describes the use of a clarification procedure that enables the level of human
      milk fat to be determined by measurement of glycerol released by enzymic
      hydrolysis of triglycerides. The method requires only 10-50 microliters milk,
      thus presenting a possible technique for work with small mammals, and is suitable
      for use with autoanalysers, permitting rapid sample throughput.

PMID- 3693630
TI  - Secretion and mammary gland uptake of prolactin in dairy cows during
      lactogenesis.
AB  - Mammary arteriovenous differences of prolactin concentration and net mammary
      uptake of prolactin from blood were quantified near parturition in 9 dairy cows.
      Six cows were milked once daily for at least 6 d before parturition, and
      prepartum lactogenesis occurred in 3 of 6 cows. Prepartum milking 2 or more d
      before parturition abruptly increased secretion of prolactin into blood, but
      milkings within 1 d before or after parturition did not increase prolactin
      secretion. Concentrations of prolactin in whole milk sampled over 8 d before
      parturition (64.5 ng/ml) were substantially greater than those occurring several
      days after parturition (19 ng/ml). Milk prolactin concentrations were unaffected
      by the successful induction of prepartum lactogenesis, which greatly increased
      prepartum yields of milk (2 to 8 kg/milking). Therefore, the alveolar lumenal
      content of prolactin was greatest in pregnant cows with prepartum lactogenesis.
      This enhanced content of intraalveolar prolactin before parturition was
      associated with an absence of mammary uptake of prolactin immediately prior to
      ejection of the prolactin-containing milk from the alveoli. However, prolactin
      uptake was quickly restored to about 2 micrograms/min per half udder shortly
      after milk ejection. During the prepartum period, an enhanced intraalveolar
      reservoir of 200 to 400 micrograms prolactin, due to induction of prepartum
      lactogenesis, appears to saturate temporarily all putative sites for uptake of
      prolactin from blood.

PMID- 3693631
TI  - Regulation of calf renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D-hydroxylase activities by calcium
      regulating hormones.
AB  - Parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 had opposite effects on calf
      renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 24-, 23-, and 1 alpha-hydroxylase activities.
      Parathyroid hormone administration increased renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1 alpha
      hydroxylase activity 7-fold while 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-23- and 24-hydroxylase
      activities were essentially the same as controls. Administration of 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3 increased 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-23-hydroxylase and 24
      hydroxylase activities 4-fold and decreased 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1 alpha
      hydroxylase activity to undetectable concentrations. Vitamin D deficiency
      increased 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1 alpha -hydroxylase activity 13-fold, and 25
      hydroxyvitamin D3-23-hydroxylase and 24-hydroxylase activities were undetectable.
      These results confirm previous reports with regard to control of renal 25
      hydroxyvitamin D3-24-hydroxylase and 1 alpha -hydroxylase in other species and
      represent new findings relative to the control of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-23
      hydroxylase. Plasma P was lower and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 higher in calves
      treated with parathyroid hormone, and Ca and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 were lower
      in the vitamin D-deficient calves. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3-treated calves had
      higher plasma P and lower Mg than controls. Further studies using this calf model
      should lead to better understanding of Ca-regulating hormones control of vitamin
      D metabolism.

PMID- 3693632
TI  - Nonlinear pharmacokinetics and conversion to glucose of intravenous sodium
      propionate in dairy cattle.
AB  - Three doses of sodium propionate (.75, 1.5, and 3.0 mmol/kg) were administered
      intravenously to 6, 8, and 14 dairy cows. Using first order kinetic analysis, the
      apparent plasma half-life increased significantly with increasing propionate
      dose. The apparent increase of propionate half-life with increasing propionate
      dose was attributed to saturation of uptake and disposal mechanisms. Using the
      nonlinear mathematical model of Henri-Michaelis-Menten for propionate
      concentrations at 3.0 mmol/kg, propionate half-life was significantly shorter
      than that obtained with the first order kinetic model. The Michaelis constant was
      4.0 mM, the maximal rate of concentration decrease was .55 mM/min, half-life was
      4.8 min, and distribution volume was .37 L/kg. Plasma glucose concentrations
      increased following all doses of propionate. The maximal increase in glucose
      concentration occurred earliest for the lowest dose and latest for the highest
      dose and increased in magnitude with increasing propionate dose. The plasma
      glucose response to intravenous propionate has been suggested as a measure of
      liver function in ruminants. Of the three propionate doses tested, the 3.0
      mmol/kg dose appeared to saturate the uptake and disposal mechanisms of healthy
      liver and should be the most satisfactory dose for observing the plasma glucose
      response to injected propionate.

PMID- 3693633
TI  - Characterization of in situ dry matter and nitrogen digestion of various corn
      grain forms.
AB  - Corn was harvested and stored as either dried shelled, dried ear, high moisture
      shelled, or high moisture ear. Shelled corns were rolled and ear corns were
      ground through a forage harvester. High moisture corns were stored in sealed
      drums. Each corn type was subjected to in situ ruminal digestion with incubation
      times through 100 h for both original forms and ground at 5 mm. Dry matter, N,
      and nonprotein DM digestion rates were determined. Unground dried shelled corn
      possessed the fastest and high moisture ear corn the slowest rate of DM
      digestion; however, extent of digestion was greatest for high moisture corns
      within 16 h of ruminal exposure. Grinding increased the rate of shelled corn
      digestion. Nitrogen digestion rate was fastest for high moisture ear corn and
      slowest for dried shelled corn. Grinding increased the rate of nitrogen digestion
      for all corn forms except high moisture shelled corn. Generally, correction for
      bacterial nitrogen contamination resulted in increased rate of nitrogen
      digestion. Dried shelled corn possessed the fastest rate of nonprotein DM
      digestion. Ratio of nitrogen to nonprotein DM rates ranged from .56 to 1.24 for
      dried shelled corn and high moisture ear corn, respectively. Grinding narrowed
      this range. Digestion rates of corn forms may not necessarily reflect initial (1
      to 16 h) extent of ruminal nutrient availability.

PMID- 3693634
TI  - Ruminal nitrogen metabolism in steers as affected by feed intake and dietary urea
      concentration.
AB  - Four multiple-cannulated steers (340 kg) were used in a 4 X 4 Latin square design
      with a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Steers were fed a diet of 50%
      ground hay and 50% concentrate at two intakes (1.4 and 2.1% of BW), with urea and
      15N-enriched ammonium sulfate infused continuously into the rumen at .4 or 1.2%
      of diet DM. Ratios of purines and diaminopimelic acid-N to N in fluid-associated
      and particulate-associated bacteria and in protozoa were similar among treatments
      but were lower for protozoa than for bacteria. Diaminopimelic acid-N:N was higher
      for fluid-associated vs. particulate-associated bacteria. Enrichment of 15N was
      similar between bacteria among treatments and was 30% lower for protozoa.
      Turnover rates of 15N in bacteria, NH3N, and non-NH3N pools were faster for
      steers infused with 1.2 than those infused with .4% urea, indicating less
      efficient usage of ammonia with higher urea. A method is described to estimate
      the proportion of duodenal nitrogen comprising bacterial and protozoal nitrogen.

PMID- 3693635
TI  - Effects of feed intake and dietary urea concentration on ruminal dilution rate
      and efficiency of bacterial growth in steers.
AB  - Four multiple-fistulated steers (340 kg) were fed a diet containing 50% ground
      grass hay, 20% dry distillers grains, and 30% concentrate at two intakes (7.2 or
      4.8 kg DM/d). Urea (.4 or 1.2% of the diet) was infused continuously into the
      steers' rumens. The experimental design was a 4 X 4 Latin square with a 2 X 2
      factorial arrangement of treatments. Infusing urea at .4 or 1.2% of the diet
      resulted in ruminal NH3 N concentrations of 4.97 and 9.10 mg/dl, respectively.
      Feeding steers at high rather than low intake decreased ruminal and total tract
      digestibilities of organic matter, NDF, and ADF but did not increase ruminal
      escape of N. However, apparent N escape from the rumen calculated using purines,
      but not 15N, as a bacterial marker was higher when 1.2 vs. .4% urea was infused.
      Feeding at high rather than at low intake increased the total pool of viable
      bacteria per gram organic matter fermented in the rumen. Although ruminal fluid
      outflows and particulate dilution rates were greater when steers were fed at high
      than at low intakes, efficiencies of bacterial protein synthesis were unaffected
      by intake. The possibility of increased N recycling within the rumen with feeding
      at the higher intake is discussed.

PMID- 3693636
TI  - Comparison of sweet white lupin seeds with soybean meal as a protein supplement
      for lactating dairy cows.
AB  - Data were from 45 Holstein cows (23 multiparous, 22 primiparous) assigned by
      calving date and parity within groups to one of two isonitrogenous (16% crude
      protein) diets. The diets were 50% forages (corn silage, alfalfa silage) and 50%
      concentrate, dry basis. In diet A, soybean meal supplied 34.2% of total crude
      protein; in diet B, ground sweet white lupin seeds provided 37.9% of total crude
      protein. Cows were fed once daily during the experimental period (d 4 to 116
      postpartum). Cows fed lupins consumed significantly less dry matter, produced 1.8
      kg/d less milk (but not significantly different), and had lower milk protein
      percent. Milk fat and total solids percents were similar. Reasons for reduced
      intake of cows fed lupins were not evident. Traces of alkaloids (.005% dry basis)
      were present in diet B. Combined results of in vitro continuous culture
      fermentation and in situ degradation measurements indicated that crude protein
      from lupins was more degradable than that of soybean meal. Poor performances of
      cows fed lupins could be partly due to a reduced true protein supply to the small
      intestine.

PMID- 3693637
TI  - Effect of excess iron in milk replacer on calf performance.
AB  - Milk replacers containing 100, 500, 1000, 2000, or 5000 ppm iron were fed to 3-d
      old calves for 6 wk to estimate the lowest amount of dietary iron (added as
      ferrous sulfate) that would reduce calf performance. Calves tolerated all iron
      treatments except 5000 ppm. At this intake calves showed reduced weight gains, DM
      intake, feed efficiency, and digestibility of DM and protein. There were no other
      signs of iron toxicity and no gross abnormalities were found on postmortem
      examination. Percent of dietary iron in feces increased with higher dietary iron
      and ranged from 65 to 84%. Elevated iron intakes caused relatively small
      increases in iron concentration of blood plasma, bile, kidney, heart, and muscle
      but marked increased in spleen and liver iron, particularly in liver for the 2000
      and 5000 ppm treatments. At 100 ppm iron intake, nonheme iron in liver, spleen,
      and kidney was composed of similar proportions of ferritin and hemosiderin, but
      at 5000 ppm iron intake, hemosiderin predominated in these tissues. Thus, the
      preruminant calf tolerated between 2000 and 5000 ppm iron in milk replacer. At
      toxic iron intake, calf performance and feed efficiency were reduced; there was a
      characteristic change to higher liver than spleen iron; and hemosiderin became
      the predominant iron storage compound in both tissues.

PMID- 3693638
TI  - Effects of sixty-day milk yield on postpartum breeding performance in holstein
      cows.
AB  - The relationship between breeding performance and postpartum milk yield was
      evaluated using data collected in a prospective field project from 33 New York
      Holstein herds. Herds selected were enrolled in the New York Dairy Herd
      Improvement Cooperative program and received monthly or biweekly herd health
      visits from the New York State College of Veterinary Medicine. Factors other than
      milk yield (e.g., postpartum reproductive disorders, inseminator, housing) that
      influence breeding performance were controlled in multiple regression analyses.
      Milk yield had a slight linear antagonistic relationship with conception at first
      service, services per conception, and days open but not with interval from
      parturition to first service, interval between first and second services, or
      interval between second and third services. Services per conception and days open
      increased by .009 and .6, respectively, for each 100-kg increase in cumulative
      milk yield during the first 60 d of lactation. Postpartum reproductive disorders,
      service method (artificial vs. natural), inseminator (farmer vs. technician), and
      calving interval of the previous lactation had more important relationships than
      milk yield with measures of breeding performance.

PMID- 3693639
TI  - Effects of previous days open, previous days dry, and present days open on
      lactation yield.
AB  - Influences of days open present lactation, days open previous lactation, and days
      dry previous lactation were fit simultaneously to determine their effects on
      measures of yield, which were fat-corrected milk, milk, and milk fat, all
      adjusted to a 305-d mature equivalent basis. Best linear unbiased estimates were
      obtained. Multiparity analyses were conducted using a model in which later parity
      records could be compared with more unselected first parity records. Additional
      parity information made little difference in the influence of previous days dry
      and previous and present days open on yield. As present days open increased from
      20 to 300 d, lactation yields for FCM, milk, and milk fat increased approximately
      1250, 1350, and 45 kg. As previous days open increased from 20 to 300 d,
      lactation yields for FCM, milk, and milk fat increased approximately 625, 650,
      and 25 kg. Cows dry 60 to 69 d gave the most milk the following lactation. Cows
      dry less than 40 d produced much less milk the next lactation. Heritability
      estimates for previous days dry were less than 7%. Multiplicative adjustment
      factors were developed to adjust lactation yield records for the largely
      environmental effects of days open and days dry.

PMID- 3693640
TI  - Ordered categorical sire evaluation for dystocia in Holsteins.
AB  - New statistical procedures for analysis of ordered categorical data were
      investigated. In using the standardized threshold model, scores are transformed
      to estimate unknown boundary points and fixed and random effects on an underlying
      scale of continuous response. The model for calving ease included sex of calf,
      parity of dam, and the unknown boundary points as fixed effects; herd-year
      seasons and sires were random. Data were 5029 dystocia scores on a scale of 1 to
      5 collected from June 1982 to January 1984 through the Mid-States Dairy Records
      Processing Center. The predicted probability of a difficult birth by an average
      sire indicated that twice as many males as females are born with difficulty.
      Difficult births declined between first and second parity by a factor of 5. Herd
      year-seasons accounted for 13.3% of the variance and sires 3.2%. Heritability on
      the underlying scale was higher (.147) than on the observed scale (.061). Rank
      correlations among the threshold model sire solutions and best linear unbiased
      predictions were .94 when herd-year-seasons were fixed, .98 with random herd-year
      seasons, and .99 with normalized scores. Predicted percentage of difficult births
      for all sires in the analysis ranged from 6 to 18%.

PMID- 3693641
TI  - Intercorrelations among milk production traits and body and udder measurements in
      Holstein heifers.
AB  - Data from 1341 Holstein heifers of 71 sires were used to study heritabilities of
      and genetic and phenotypic correlations among milk production traits (308-d milk,
      front and rear half yields), body measurements (heart girth, withers height, body
      length, and rump length), udder measurements (front teat length and diameter,
      rear teat length and diameter, teat distance and udder height), and age at first
      calving. Genetic and phenotypic parameters were estimated by the multitrait
      restricted maximum likelihood method. Multitrait estimates of heritability ranged
      from .37 to .47 for first lactation yield traits, from .19 to .51 for body
      measurements, and from .08 to .41 for udder measurements. Age at first calving
      averaged 22.3 mo with a heritability estimate of .11. Milk production traits were
      all positively correlated with body measurements, suggesting that high producing
      heifers would be taller, larger, and longer than low producing heifers.
      Multitrait estimates of genetic and phenotypic correlations between udder height
      and yield traits were all negative, suggesting that high producing heifers tend
      to have lower udders. Of four body measurements studied, rump length showed the
      greatest genetic correlations with yield traits. Among six udder measurements,
      udder height exhibited the highest degree of associations with yield traits.
      Thus, rump length and udder height merit greater attention for prediction of
      lactational performance.

PMID- 3693642
TI  - Breakeven costs for embryo transfer in a commercial dairy herd.
AB  - Differences in Estimated Breeding Values expressed in dollars were compared by
      simulation of two, 100-cow, closed herds. One herd practiced normal intensity of
      female selection. The other herd generated various herd replacements by embryo
      transfer by varying 1) selection rate of embryo transfer dams and 2) numbers of
      daughters per dam from which embryos were transferred, while varying the merit of
      mates of embryo transfer dams. Estimated Breeding Value dollars were compounded
      each generation and regressed to remove age adjustments and added feed and health
      costs. Beginning values in both herds included a standard deviation of 55 Cow
      Index dollars, herd average of -23 Cow Index dollars, and a 120 Predicted
      Difference dollars for mates of dams not embryo transferred. Average merit of all
      sires used increased $12 per year. Herd calving rate (.70), proportion females
      (.5), calf loss (.15), and heifer survival rate (.83) were used. Breakeven cost
      per embryo transfer cow entering the milking herd was computed by Net Present
      Value analysis using a 10% discount rate over 10 and 20 yr. Breakeven cost or the
      maximum expense that would allow a 10% return on the expenditure ranged from $135
      to $510 per surviving cow, $24 to $125 per transfer, $47 to $178 per pregnancy,
      and $81 to $357 per female calf born. As the number of replacements resulting
      from embryo transfer increased, breakeven cost per embryo transfer cow decreased
      due to diminishing return.

PMID- 3693643
TI  - Changes in triglyceride fatty acid composition of mammary secretions during
      involution.
AB  - Changes in fatty acid composition were determined for fat triglycerides from
      mammary secretions of 5 Holstein cows during the first 31 d of the nonlactating
      period. Proportions of short-chain (4:0 to 8:0) and medium-chain (10:0 to 14:0)
      fatty acids declined by about 50% during the first 3 d of involution, whereas
      proportions of stearic (18:0) and oleic acids (18:1) increased during the same
      period. Little change in proportions of those fatty acids occurred after d 3 of
      involution. Palmitic acid (16:0) was unchanged in proportion during involution.
      Fatty acid composition of mammary secretion triglycerides changed rapidly in the
      early nonlactating period, which may reflect a specific decline in de novo fatty
      acid synthesis in the involuting gland.

PMID- 3693644
TI  - Factors affecting days of discarded milk due to clinical mastitis and subsequent
      cost of discarded milk.
AB  - Records of clinical mastitis for 6.5 yr from one Florida dairy with 1050 to 1350
      cows milking per month were used to predict duration of occurrence of clinical
      mastitis and to estimate dollar value of discarded milk per lactation with
      occurrences of clinical mastitis. Only 6.1% of lactations accrued more than 28 d
      of discarded milk and were responsible for 52.7% of days of discarded milk.
      Accurate maintenance of herd mastitis records enables calculation of actual days
      of milk available for sale and provides a useful tool for culling and treating
      decisions. Duration of each occurrence of clinical mastitis was modeled by fixed
      effects of breed, season of occurrence, current lactation history of mastitis,
      number of quarters with clinical signs, and average maximum temperature-humidity
      index for the 2 d prior to the occurrence (to second order). These effects
      explained 1.8% of observed variation in duration of occurrence. Random effects of
      cow explained 5 to 6% of variation. Prediction of duration of occurrence had a
      mean value of 6.6 d. When economic status of individual animals is evaluated,
      comparison of days of milk production available for sale is preferable to total
      days of milk production. Estimated average cost of discarded milk for parities 1,
      2, 3, 4, and 5 ranged from $29.73 to 223.98 per lactation.

PMID- 3693646
TI  - Impact of somatotropin and other biochemical products on sire summaries and cow
      indexes.
AB  - This paper outlines the potential impact of bovine somatotropin on dairy cattle
      improvement programs and pinpoints research needs. Recording of manufacturer,
      dosage, and date of start and finish of somatotropin administration is
      recommended in order to allow analysis of data for cow and sire ranking.
      Alternatives, such as restriction of somatotropin administration to certain
      lactations or parts of the cow's lactation are discussed. Cooperator herds or
      nucleus breeding schemes as alternatives to the random sampling of AI bulls may
      become more practical if somatotropin is widely used in the future.

PMID- 3693645
TI  - Antibiotics for bull semen frozen in milk and egg yolk extenders.
AB  - In six experiments, gentamicin, clindamycin, amikacin, minocin, tylosin, and
      Linco-Spectin were tested for their effect on motility and fertility of frozen
      bull spermatozoa and all but clindamycin were used in fertility trials.
      Antibiotics were added to raw (unextended) semen and nonglycerol portions of the
      three commonly used semen extenders, whole milk, egg yolk-Tris, and egg yolk
      citrate. Semen was frozen in .5-ml straws, stored in liquid nitrogen, and thawed
      at 37 degrees C for 30 s. Postthaw percentage of motile spermatozoa in antibiotic
      treated semen was different for individual bulls in each experiment. Percentage
      of motile sperm was slightly but significantly depressed at the higher
      concentrations of clindamycin and Linco-Spectin tested in whole milk and with
      minocin in the two egg yolk extenders. In general, nonspermicidal concentrations
      of each antibiotic were established. Of five antibiotics tested for fertility,
      only gentamicin reduced fertility on the basis of 59-d nonreturn rates.

PMID- 3693647
TI  - Potential bias in genetic evaluations from differences in variation within herds.
AB  - Evidence is reviewed that indicates substantial differences among herds in
      variation for production traits in dairy cattle. Examples are given to illustrate
      the overevaluation and selection of higher proportions of individuals from more
      variable herds, which reduces response to selection if greater variability is not
      due in part to greater additive genetic variance. Differences in heritability
      according to herd mean and variance are examined. Potential bias is substantial
      in genetic evaluations of cows and may increase over generations where, if the
      model is realistic, evaluations of dams are used in evaluations of daughters.
      Possible methods of adjustment are discussed.

PMID- 3693648
TI  - Contemporary groups for genetic evaluations.
AB  - Contemporary groups are used to remove biases from genetic evaluations due to
      differential effects such as management associated with the grouping. Numerous
      groups, however, can result in small numbers of records per subclass with
      associated loss of effective number of daughters for sire evaluation and
      increased prediction error variance. Thus, in practice, mean square error, bias
      squared plus prediction error variance, may be more meaningful than bias alone or
      prediction error variance. Considering contemporary groups as fixed removes bias
      due to association between effects corresponding to contemporary groups and
      sires. If contemporary groups are considered random, then effective number of
      daughters is increased at the expense of possible bias. Various compromises may
      be effective for increasing genetic gain. Arbitrary definition of contemporary
      groups can include herd-year-season of freshening, lactation number, registered
      or nonregistered, sampling or postsampling daughters, and special treatments
      among others. The assumption of homogeneous genetic and residual variances is
      likely to be incorrect. Alternative methods include simple transformations, a two
      step transformation, and multiple trait modeling. Multiple trait analyses may
      include the assumption of genetic correlations of unity, common genetic and
      heterogeneous residual variances, and joint estimation of genetic values and
      variances.

PMID- 3693649
TI  - Disorganization of attachment in relation to maternal alcohol consumption.

PMID- 3693650
TI  - Impact of premature birth on the development of the infant in the family.

PMID- 3693651
TI  - Cognitive-behavioral and pharmacologic interventions for childrens' distress
      during painful medical procedures.

PMID- 3693652
TI  - Victim and crime characteristics, coping responses, and short- and long-term
      recovery from victimization.

PMID- 3693653
TI  - Development and validation of the Cognitive Status Examination.

PMID- 3693654
TI  - Revision of the Halstead Category Test.

PMID- 3693655
TI  - Filmed versus live delivery of full-spectrum home training for primary enuresis:
      presenting the information is not enough.

PMID- 3693656
TI  - Are younger classroom children disproportionately referred for childhood academic
      and behavior problems?

PMID- 3693657
TI  - Comparison of specific patterns of antisocial behavior in children with conduct
      disorder with or without coexisting hyperactivity.

PMID- 3693658
TI  - Scoring discrepancies on two subtests of the Wechsler Memory Scale.

PMID- 3693659
TI  - Giving up on child psychotherapy: who drops out?

PMID- 3693660
TI  - Efficacy of stress-inoculation training in coping with multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 3693661
TI  - Two chemical repellents for control of German (Orthoptera: Blattellidae) and
      American cockroaches (Orthoptera: Blattidae).

PMID- 3693662
TI  - Stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae) and productivity of confined nursery pigs.

PMID- 3693664
TI  - Incidence of Sarcoptes scabiei (Acari: Sarcoptidae) and Haematopinus suis
      (Anoplura: Haematopinidae) on swine in Indiana.

PMID- 3693663
TI  - Efficacy of levamisole/famphur paste for control of cattle grubs (Diptera:
      Oestridae) and gastrointestinal worms (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae).

PMID- 3693665
TI  - Effect of cattle breed and flucythrinate-impregnated ear tags on horn fly
      (Diptera: Muscidae) control on yearling heifers.

PMID- 3693666
TI  - Selection for pyrethroid resistance in the German cockroach (Dictyoptera:
      Blattellidae).

PMID- 3693667
TI  - Factors affecting climbing and tunneling behavior of the lesser mealworm
      (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae).

PMID- 3693668
TI  - A hemocoelic Candida parasite of the American cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattidae).

PMID- 3693669
TI  - Larval and pupal weight relationships of six strains of screwworm (Diptera:
      Calliphoridae) reared in the laboratory and in wounds.

PMID- 3693670
TI  - Survival of permethrin-susceptible, resistant, and F1 hybrid strains of
      Haematobia irritans (Diptera: Muscidae) on ear-tagged steers.

PMID- 3693671
TI  - The technology payment dilemma: our efforts to update coverage policies.

PMID- 3693672
TI  - Effects of ET nursing intervention on adjustment following ostomy surgery.

PMID- 3693673
TI  - Psychoanalytic evaluation of a case study: does the colostomy reproduce the
      problems of childhood "anal phase"?

PMID- 3693674
TI  - Teaching the concept of body image: use of affective and cognitive domains.

PMID- 3693675
TI  - Role implementation: ET nursing.

PMID- 3693676
TI  - Gardner's syndrome: an overview and case history.

PMID- 3693677
TI  - Response to previous query on urinary drainage equipment--why it turns blue.

PMID- 3693679
TI  - Factors in the current adjustment of young adult daughters of alcoholic and
      problem drinking fathers.

PMID- 3693678
TI  - Polymorphous sexuality as an indicator of psychosis proneness.

PMID- 3693680
TI  - Hypnotic analgesia, placebo analgesia, and ischemic pain: the effects of
      contextual variables.

PMID- 3693681
TI  - Depressed patients have atypical hemispace biases in the perception of emotional
      chimeric faces.

PMID- 3693682
TI  - Breaching hypnotic amnesia by manipulating expectancy.

PMID- 3693683
TI  - Effects of anxiety sensitivity on the response to hyperventilation.

PMID- 3693684
TI  - Use of retrieval cues in breaching hypnotic amnesia.

PMID- 3693685
TI  - The response of others to face-to-face interaction with depressed patients.

PMID- 3693686
TI  - Experience-dependent recovery of cognitive deficits in alcoholics: extended
      transfer of training.

PMID- 3693687
TI  - Searching for the psychometric boundaries of schizophrenia: evidence from the New
      York High-Risk Study.

PMID- 3693688
TI  - Children at high risk for schizophrenia: parent and offspring perceptions of
      family relationships.

PMID- 3693689
TI  - Assessment of premorbid social competence in schizophrenia: a methodological
      note.

PMID- 3693690
TI  - Comparison of target detection capabilities of the beluga and bottlenose dolphin.
AB  - The echolocation detection capabilities of a beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) and
      an Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) were directly compared in a
      target detection experiment. Both animals were trained to detect targets in the
      presence of masking noise. Targets were stainless-steel, water-filled spheres
      7.62 and 22.86 cm in diameter. Target ranges of 16.5 and 40 m were used with the
      7.62-cm sphere and 80 m with the 22.86-cm sphere. Masking noise with a flat
      spectrum from 40-160 kHz was projected from a spherical transducer placed 4 or 5
      m, depending on the target distance, from the animal hoop station in line with
      the target. Target detection performance was determined as a function of masking
      noise level at each target range. The echo-to-noise ratio (Ee/No)max for the
      beluga at the 75% correct response threshold was approximately 1.0 dB compared to
      about 10 dB for the dolphin. The differences of each animal's detection
      performance across the three ranges were consistent with target strength and
      transmission loss differences. It is speculated that the difference in
      performance between the two species may be due to differences in critical
      bandwidth, signal processing capability, or echolocation strategy.

PMID- 3693691
TI  - Speech masking. I. Simultaneous and nonsimultaneous masking within stop /d/ and
      flap closures.
AB  - This article reports on investigations of the relative roles of simultaneous and
      nonsimultaneous masking on detection thresholds using natural speech utterances.
      Thresholds were obtained for 15-ms probe tones placed in the stop or flap
      closures of /ada/ and /idi/. Threshold elevations due to simultaneous and
      nonsimultaneous masking could be explained by the dynamics of neighboring speech
      spectra. Nonsimultaneous effects were related to spectra at least 30 ms around
      the probe tone. Although simultaneous masking is usually stronger than
      nonsimultaneous masking, the relative amplitude of adjacent speech segments in
      natural speech is sufficiently high near formant regions to cause noticeable
      effects of nonsimultaneous masking.

PMID- 3693692
TI  - Effects of spectral flattening on vowel identification.
AB  - The identification of front vowels was studied in normal-hearing listeners using
      stimuli whose spectra had been altered to approximate the spectrum of vowels
      processed by auditory filters similar to those that might accompany sensorineural
      hearing loss. In the first experiment, front vowels were identified with greater
      than 95% accuracy when the first formant was specified in a normal manner and the
      higher frequency formants were represented by a broad, flat spectral plateau
      ranging from approximately 1600 to 3500 Hz. In the second experiment, the
      bandwidth of the first formant was systematically widened for stimuli with
      already flattened higher frequency formants. Normal vowel identification was
      preserved until the first formant was widened to six times its normal bandwidth.
      These results may account for the coexistence of abnormal vowel masking patterns
      (indicating flattened auditory spectra) and normal vowel recognition.

PMID- 3693693
TI  - Accents, focus distribution, and the perceived distribution of given and new
      information: An experiment.
AB  - This article reports on an experiment examining some perceptual consequences of
      correspondences between accent patterns, the distribution of plus and minus
      focus, and the distribution of new and given information in Dutch spoken
      sentences. "Accent patterns" refer here to the distribution of intonational
      accents over spoken sentences. Each accent marks a sentence constituent as plus
      focus, i.e., as highlighted by the speaker. Constituents not so marked are called
      minus focus. The main questions examined here are to what extent are plus focus
      constituents generally perceived as conveying new information, and minus focus
      constituents as conveying earlier introduced or given information. The linguistic
      material for the experiment was formed by brief radio news items, each two
      sentences long. Leading sentences determined the distribution of new and given
      information in target sentences. The accent patterns and, hence, the possible
      focus distributions in the target utterances were varied systematically by
      manipulating their synthetic pitch contours according to the rules for Dutch
      intonation. Subjects were asked to rate on a scale from 1-10 the acceptability of
      each possible combination of a leading with a target utterance. Results showed
      that the most preferred or acceptable distributions of new and given information
      closely match the distributions of plus and minus focus. It was also found that
      new information can hardly ever acceptably be associated with minus focus, but
      given information can rather often, although not always, acceptably be associated
      with plus focus. This appears to be limited to certain conditions, defined by a
      combination of syntactic and focus structure of the sentence. In these
      conditions, plus focus cannot be perceived only as signaling new information, but
      also as highlighting thematic relations with the context. These results are
      related to work on text-to-speech systems.

PMID- 3693694
TI  - On the possible role of auditory short-term adaptation in perception of the
      prevocalic [m]-[n] contrast.
AB  - Acoustic information about the place of articulation of a prevocalic nasal
      consonant is distributed over two distinct signal portions, the nasal murmur and
      the onset of the following vowel. The spectral properties of these signal
      portions are perceptually important, as is their relationship (the pattern of
      spectral change). A series of experiments was conducted to investigate to what
      extent relational place of articulation information derives from a peripheral
      auditory interaction, viz., short-term adaptation caused by the murmur.
      Experimental manipulations intended to disrupt the effects of such adaptation
      included separation of the murmur and the vowel by intervals of silence,
      presentation to different ears, and reversal of order. Other tests of the
      possible role of adaptation included manipulation of murmur duration, murmur
      vowel cross splicing, and high-pass filtering of the excised vowel onset. While
      the results of several experiments were compatible with the peripheral adaptation
      hypothesis, others did not support it. An alternative hypothesis, that the manner
      cues provided by the murmur are crucial for accurate place judgments, was also
      discredited. It was concluded that, at least under good listening conditions, the
      perception of spectral relationships does not depend on peripheral auditory
      enhancement and probably rests on a central comparison process.

PMID- 3693695
TI  - Consonant reception in noise by listeners with mild and moderate sensorineural
      hearing impairment.
AB  - The goal of this study was to determine the extent to which the difficulty
      experienced by impaired listeners in understanding noisy speech can be explained
      on the basis of elevated tone-detection thresholds. Twenty-one impaired ears of
      15 subjects, spanning a variety of audiometric configurations with average
      hearing losses to 75 dB, were tested for reception of consonants in a speech
      spectrum noise. Speech level, noise level, and frequency-gain characteristic were
      varied to generate a range of listening conditions. Results for impaired
      listeners were compared to those of normal-hearing listeners tested under the
      same conditions with extra noise added to approximate the impaired listeners'
      detection thresholds. Results for impaired and normal listeners were also
      compared on the basis of articulation indices. Consonant recognition by this
      sample of impaired listeners was generally comparable to that of normal-hearing
      listeners with similar threshold shifts listening under the same conditions. When
      listening conditions were equated for articulation index, there was no clear
      dependence of consonant recognition on average hearing loss. Assuming that the
      primary consequence of the threshold simulation in normals is loss of audibility
      (as opposed to suprathreshold discrimination or resolution deficits), it is
      concluded that the primary source of difficulty in listening in noise for
      listeners with moderate or milder hearing impairments, aside from the noise
      itself, is the loss of audibility.

PMID- 3693696
TI  - A pulse ribbon model of monaural phase perception.
AB  - This article presents two sets of experiments concerning the ability to
      discriminate changes in the phase spectra of wideband periodic sounds. In the
      first set, a series of local phase changes is used to modify the envelopes of the
      waves appearing at the outputs of a range of auditory filters. The size of the
      local phase change required for discrimination is shown to be strongly dependent
      on the repetition rate, intensity, and spectral location of the signal. In the
      second set of experiments, a global phase change is used to produce a progressive
      phase shift between the outputs of successive auditory filters, without changing
      the envelopes of the filtered waves. Contrary to what is often assumed, listeners
      can discriminate between-channel phase shifts once the total time delay across
      the channels containing the signal reaches 4-5 ms. In this case, however, the
      discrimination is largely independent of signal parameters other than bandwidth.
      A highly simplified model of the cochlea, consisting of an auditory filter bank
      and units that record the times of the larger peaks in the filter outputs, is
      developed to explain the two contrasting sets of results.

PMID- 3693697
TI  - Detection of simple and complex changes of spectral shape.
AB  - In most of the previous studies (see Green, 1987) concerning the detection of a
      change in spectral shape, or "profile analysis," the listener's task was to
      detect an increment to a single component of an otherwise equal-amplitude,
      multicomponent background. An important theoretical issue is whether listeners'
      sensitivity to more complex spectral changes can be predicted from these results.
      In the present investigation, the sensitivity of a single group of listeners to a
      wide variety of simple and complex spectral changes was determined. After
      collecting the data, it was noted that almost all the thresholds could be
      predicted by a simple calculation scheme that assumed detection of a change in
      spectral shape occurs when the addition of the signal to the flat, multicomponent
      background produces a sufficient difference in level between only two regions of
      the spectrum. Unfortunately, this scheme, while successful for our limited set of
      data, fails to account for other "profile" data, namely, those obtained when the
      number of components is altered.

PMID- 3693698
TI  - Edge effects on frequency discrimination of tones presented in low- and high-pass
      noise backgrounds.
AB  - Previous research has indicated that frequency discrimination performance is
      poorer for tones presented near the sharp spectral edge of a low-pass noise than
      for tones presented near the edge of a high-pass noise, or for tones in the same
      low-pass noise with high-pass noise added [Emmerich et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
      80, 1668-1672 (1986)]. The present study extends these findings in order to
      investigate how the steepness of the spectral edges of low- and high-pass maskers
      influences the discriminability of tones presented near these edges. Frequency
      discrimination was measured in each of three high- and low-pass noise backgrounds
      (which differed in the steepness of their filter skirts). The following results
      were obtained: (1) In the low-pass noise background, frequency discrimination
      performance improved as the filter skirt became more gradual; (2) in the high
      pass noise background, performance first improved and then became poorer as the
      filter skirt became shallower; and (3) performance in low-pass noise was poorer
      than that in high-pass noise for the two steepest slopes employed (96 and 72
      dB/oct) but not for the shallower slope (36 dB/oct). Results are discussed in the
      context of lateral suppression and edge pitch effects, and of a trade-off between
      possible edge effects and masking.

PMID- 3693699
TI  - Perception of amplitude and frequency modulated signals (mixed modulation).
AB  - This article discusses the detection of mixed modulation, i.e., simultaneous
      amplitude and frequency modulation (MM). The investigations have incorporated
      both a sine wave modulating signal and an irregular modulating signal, a very
      narrow noise band, of a specified center frequency. The results revealed that for
      a sinusoidal low-frequency modulating signal, amplitude and frequency changes
      that were separately subthreshold could be detected by listeners in mixed
      modulation. This indicates summation of sensations caused by simultaneous AM and
      FM modulation. This effect was not observed in the case of the irregular
      modulating signal. A hypothesis is advanced that the perception of modulated
      signals is governed by two mechanisms, viz., temporal and spectral. The operation
      of the two mechanisms depends mainly on the modulating frequency. The type of
      modulation does not play any significant role in this case.

PMID- 3693700
TI  - Auditory intensity discrimination in the chinchilla.
AB  - A positive reinforcement conditioning procedure was used to train chinchillas to
      respond to intensity differences between successively occurring tone bursts.
      Intensity difference limens were measured at 0.5, 1, 4, and 8 kHz at five
      intensities ranging from 10- to 55-dB sensation level. The intensity difference
      limen decreased from approximately 8 dB near threshold to approximately 3.5 dB at
      the highest level. The intensity difference limens for the chinchilla were
      considerably larger than those for humans as well as several other mammals;
      however, the results were similar to those obtained for the parakeet. The present
      results from intensity discrimination appeared to be related to previous data for
      the discrimination of amplitude modulated noise.

PMID- 3693701
TI  - Signal detection analyses of delays in neonates' vocalizations.
AB  - Signal detection analyses were applied to momentary delays in the regular peeping
      of newborn chicks that occur in response to acoustic stimuli. Pulsing 1000-Hz
      tones at various intensities were repeatedly presented to chicks at 0 and 4 days
      posthatch. Durations of delays on both stimulus and control (mock) trials were
      collected in histograms. These histograms were then used to draw receiver
      operating characteristics (ROC curves) given variable definitions of what
      constitutes a "yes" response. Areas under these ROC curves were used to evaluate
      various ways of measuring the delay, as well as the effects of habituation,
      intensity, and age. Time to the second poststimulus peep was identified as a
      sensitive indicator of responsiveness. Habituation decreased responsiveness by
      about 5% per trial over the first three trials. Each dB of intensity increased
      responsiveness by about 1%. Maturation increased responsiveness by about 21 dB
      over 4 days. These ROC curves show that momentary delays in the vocalizations of
      newborn chickens are appropriate measures of auditory signal detection. Similar
      analyses could be useful in other psychophysical studies that depend on the
      changing rate of repetitive responses.

PMID- 3693702
TI  - Comodulation masking release in a forward-masking paradigm.
AB  - Waveforms that yield comodulation masking release (CMR) when they are presented
      simultaneously with a signal were used in a standard forward-masking procedure.
      The signal was a 25-ms sample of a 2500-Hz tone. The masker was a band of noise
      centered at 2500 Hz, 100 Hz in width, and 200 ms in duration. Presented with the
      masker were two or four cue bands, each 100 Hz wide and centered at various
      distances from the masker band. These cue bands either all had the same temporal
      envelope as the masker band (correlated condition) or their common envelope was
      different from that of the masker band (uncorrelated condition). In the initial
      experiments, (1) detectability of the tonal signal was 7-18 dB better when the
      masker band was accompanied by cue bands than when it was not--an effect that
      would be expected from past research on lateral suppression--but further, (2) the
      signal was about 3 dB more detectable in the correlated conditions than in the
      uncorrelated conditions. In follow-up experiments, these CMR-like differences
      between the correlated and uncorrelated conditions were substantially reduced
      (although not eliminated) by presenting a contralateral, wideband noise that was
      gated synchronously with the masker and/or cue bands. The implications are that
      the initial results were attributable in part to the "confusion effects" known to
      exist in certain temporal-masking situations, and that listeners are able to
      obtain greater information about the temporal extent of a masker band from
      correlated cue bands than from uncorrelated bands.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3693704
TI  - Auditory localization in the vertical plane: accuracy and constraint on bodily
      movement.
AB  - In two preliminary experiments, listeners were instructed to limit increasingly
      the movement of their heads and/or bodies while attempting to localize narrow
      bands of noise centered on 2.3 or 8.3 kHz. With increasing constraint on
      movement, the high-frequency band was incorrectly perceived as elevated above the
      horizon. The low-frequency band, when actually elevated above the horizon, was
      not so regularly perceived incorrectly as being below the horizon, a finding
      inconsistent with a previous report. A third experiment, which more closely
      replicated the task conditions and strategies of the previous study, did tend to
      reveal the anomalous low-frequency error. The error is explicable as a default
      response to which listeners whose sensitivity to the vertical dimension, in
      general, appears imperfect are prone. From various reports, it emerges that about
      25% of presumed normally hearing people exhibit this insensitivity.

PMID- 3693703
TI  - Monaural envelope correlation perception.
AB  - The ability to discriminate between simultaneously presented 100-Hz-wide bands of
      noise with envelopes that were either similar or dissimilar was measured. The
      center frequencies of the noise bands, fL and fL + delta f Hz, were
      systematically varied. When the bands of noise were separated by an octave, delta
      f = fL, discriminations were at chance levels. For frequency separations less
      than an octave, delta f less than fL, discrimination was best for fL = 2500 and
      4000 Hz, somewhat poorer for fL = 1000 Hz, and impossible for fL = 350 Hz.
      Listeners were also asked to discriminate between bands of noise with envelopes
      that were either perfectly or partially correlated, and bands with envelopes that
      were either uncorrelated or partially correlated. The data suggest that, when
      transformed to an equal-variance scale (Fisher's z), equal changes in Fisher's z
      lead to equal changes in detectability, regardless of the correlation of the
      envelopes of the reference signal.

PMID- 3693705
TI  - Changes in head position as a measure of auditory localization performance:
      auditory psychomotor coordination under monaural and binaural listening
      conditions.
AB  - Two experiments examined the capacity of listeners to turn and face an active
      sound source. Tests were conducted with sources located in the subject's forward
      field (an arc extending from 60 degrees to the subject's right to 60 degrees to
      the left). Localization performance was determined under both monaural and
      binaural listening conditions, using both brief pulses and sustained pulse trains
      as target signals. Not unexpectedly, the ability to orient the face to a hidden
      sound source was very poor under monaural conditions if the listener received
      only a brief (100-ms) tonal pulse. When continuous pulse trains were employed,
      localization, even under monaural conditions, became quite accurate. Across
      conditions, this complex motor response produced results in agreement with those
      that have been obtained when subjects were only required to report their spatial
      impressions. In particular, performance with binaural pulse trains was observed
      to vary as a function of the frequency of the target signals employed.
      Descriptions of the head movement response, along with a discussion of some of
      the implications of ear-head coordination, are presented.

PMID- 3693706
TI  - Acoustic transfer characteristics in human middle ears studied by a SQUID
      magnetometer method.
AB  - The middle-ear transfer characteristics for sound in 14 human temporal bones were
      determined using a SQUID magnetometer method. With this method, the cochlea and
      middle ear remain intact. Postmortem changes were studied using a guinea pig. The
      mass-loading effects of the applied magnets were determined and were found to be
      negligible. The mean umbo displacement was equal to the mean of six other
      studies. Lever ratios varied between the individual temporal bones and as a
      function of frequency.

PMID- 3693707
TI  - Numerical methods for solving one-dimensional cochlear models in the time domain.
AB  - In this article, a robust numerical solution method for one-dimensional (1-D)
      cochlear models in the time domain is presented. The method has been designed
      particularly for models with a cochlear partition having nonlinear and active
      mechanical properties. The model equations are discretized with respect to the
      spatial variable by means of the principle of Galerkin to yield a system of
      ordinary differential equations in the time variable. To solve this system,
      several numerical integration methods concerning stability and computational
      performance are compared. The selected algorithm is based on a variable step size
      fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme; it is shown to be both more stable and much more
      efficient than previously published numerical solution techniques.

PMID- 3693708
TI  - Electrokinetic model of cochlear hair cell motility.
AB  - Recent experiments have shown that isolated outer hair cells of the cochlea can
      vibrate under the influence of a transcellular oscillating electric field. Since
      high voltages have been measured in the cochlea, this result might suggest a
      basis for electromechanical feedback. A mechanical model of the hair cell has
      been developed and adapted to test the electrokinetic theory of motility, a
      postulate of which is that cochlear voltage gradients act on charged proteins
      embedded in the cell membrane to deform the cell. From the model it was deduced
      that the amount of charge density required is within the physiologic range. The
      significant result is that the amplitude of cell elongation for a fixed voltage
      amplitude is virtually constant for frequency less than a certain cutoff. The
      value of this frequency depends on the various physical parameters of the system
      and especially on the spacing between cells. Power transfer to the basilar
      membrane appears to peak near the cutoff frequency, and the amount is not very
      dependent on cell length, but is highly dependent on cell spacing.

PMID- 3693709
TI  - Probe tone thresholds in the auditory nerve measured by two-interval forced
      choice procedures.
AB  - An important goal of auditory physiology is to relate the coding of signals in
      the auditory nerve to behavioral sensitivity. A useful step towards that goal is
      to measure physiological thresholds for the detection of tones in the neural
      spike train that are comparable to psychophysical thresholds. Detectability
      depends on the variability as well as the mean value of the response. A two
      interval forced-choice task provides a criterion-free measure of detectability.
      On each trial of our experiments a probe tone was taken to be correctly detected
      if the number of spikes in response to the tone exceeded the number of spikes in
      an otherwise identical interval that did not contain the probe tone. (Analysis of
      the pulse-number distributions also allowed construction of ROC curves directly
      comparable to psychophysical ROC curves.) The proportion of trials that yielded
      correct detections was measured as a function of stimulus intensity to form a
      neurometric function, directly comparable to a psychophysical psychometric
      function. Threshold was defined as the intensity that produced a given proportion
      correct. The threshold intensity was also measured by an up-down procedure.
      Agreement between the two measures of threshold was excellent. Using the up-down
      procedure we could measure threshold in about 1 min, making it practical to
      measure the thresholds of a single neuron for many conditions. Comparisons of
      physiological and psychophysical ROC curves and neurometric and psychometric
      functions show systematic differences indicating that the animal makes its
      decisions inefficiently, perhaps by basing its decision on the maximum response
      among many neurons, rather than just the activity of the single most sensitive
      neuron.

PMID- 3693710
TI  - Why can a decrease in dB(A) produce an increase in loudness?
AB  - Loudness measured by the method of absolute magnitude estimation is compared to
      loudness calculated in accordance with ISO 532 B (International Organization for
      Standardization, Geneva, 1966). The measured and calculated loudness functions
      exhibit a similar pattern of loudness growth. Both measured and calculated
      loudness of a complex sound composed of a 1000-Hz tone and broadband noise is a
      nonmonotonic function of the overall SPL of the complex. The nonmonotonic
      loudness-growth pattern holds over a 30-dB range from 73.5 to 103.5. To
      facilitate understanding of the results, a single cycle of data is analyzed in
      detail. The analysis shows that loudness patterns produced in the auditory system
      by the tone-noise complex can account for the observed effects. Moreover, they
      show that the A-weighting and the loudness of the complex are negatively related.
      This inverse relation means that the A-weighted SPL is an inappropriate and
      misleading indicator of the loudness of sound combinations with heterogeneous
      spectral envelopes. Consequently, its suitability for noise control is
      diminished. A loudness meter that combines the spectral shapes of different
      sounds to produce an overall perceived magnitude offers greater promise.

PMID- 3693711
TI  - Breakdown of echo suppression in the precedence effect.
AB  - A new phenomenon is reported in which a change in spatial location of the leading
      sound source disrupts the normal echo suppression of the precedence effect. Click
      trains were presented through two loudspeakers, one leading the other by a few
      milliseconds. When leading and lagging signals were switched, listeners heard
      clicks momentarily for as long as several seconds from both loudspeakers before
      echo suppression was reestablished.

PMID- 3693712
TI  - Women's lot in society.

PMID- 3693713
TI  - The interaction between the parkinsonian patient and his caregiver during
      feeding: a theoretical model.
AB  - A theoretical model for the assessment of the interaction between the patient
      with Parkinson's disease and his caregiver during assisted feeding is suggested.
      It is based on literature about impairments in Parkinson's disease and about
      interaction. The main concepts of the model are clarity of cues, sensitivity,
      interpretation, responsiveness and synchrony. It is suggested that the patient
      should be allowed to focus on the socio-emotional content versus the task content
      of communication during different phases of interaction during the meal.

PMID- 3693714
TI  - The nursing process: the effect on patients' satisfaction with nursing care.
AB  - This study compares the effects of the nursing process and traditional care in a
      patient population where the environment, nurses, other multidisciplinary team
      members and the nursing model were the same for two patient groups. Both groups
      were nursed using traditional therapeutic community techniques. One group also
      received care using a nursing process approach. Patients in the nursing process
      group did not feel nurses were significantly more therapeutic nor were they more
      satisfied with their care.

PMID- 3693715
TI  - The impact of nursing theory on the clinical decision making process.
AB  - The concepts of the nursing process and nursing diagnosis are related to models
      of nursing. The use of nursing diagnosis in relation to Orem, Neuman and Roy's
      models is presented. Benner's work, describing the development of the nurse from
      novice to expert, is used to demonstrate strategies that can be used to enhance
      the decision making process, and the role of the nursing process and models in
      decision making is explicated.

PMID- 3693716
TI  - Models of nursing, nursing practice and nurse education.
AB  - Over the last few years, and concurrent with wider debates about the quality of
      patient care, increasing numbers of practising nurses and nurse educators have
      expressed interest in using conceptual models of nursing as a basis for planning
      and delivering nursing care. In the light of such interest, this paper identifies
      the distinctive features of three fundamental types of nursing model and explores
      the implications of these for contemporary approaches to nursing practice and
      nurse education.

PMID- 3693718
TI  - Clinical construct validity.
AB  - When concepts and the 'paper and pencil' tests used to measure these concepts are
      developed in fields other than nursing and subsequently are used for nursing
      purposes, the perspective mismatch heralds a validity issue. This paper presents
      a case for clinical construct validity as one method of evaluating whether the
      substantive meaning of a test captures the nursing meaning.

PMID- 3693717
TI  - An examination of preconception health teaching by nurse practitioners.
AB  - Fifteen nurse practitioners in a Midwestern urban area in the United States of
      America volunteered to participated in a study which sought to determine what
      preconception self-care practices are taught to female clients at risk for
      pregnancy as a part of routine health maintenance. Subjects' teaching responses
      were compared to an investigator-developed model for preconception counselling.
      The subjects listened to an audiotape of a stimulus client-nurse practitioner
      interview. Their responses were audiotaped and categorized into the following
      categories: nutrition, vitamins, preconception weight, menstrual cycle review,
      alcohol, smoking, drug use, exercise, environment hazards, dental care,
      immunizations, and 'other'. Frequency counts of the teaching responses and a X2
      analysis comparing teaching responses to expected teaching based on the PREPARED
      model (X2 = 78.01, P = 0.001) demonstrated a lack of teaching overall. The
      conclusion was reached that obstetrical care has not expanded into preconception
      counselling.

PMID- 3693719
TI  - Teaching ethics using games.
AB  - Many students find analysis of ethical dilemmas difficult due to the ambiguity
      and uncertainty they see in these situations. Games have been developed and are
      used in a wide variety of educational experiences. An ethics game entitled
      'Rights: Helter Skelter' has been used with nursing students in their first
      course focused on ethics and nursing. This game enhances their ability to
      tolerate high levels of uncertainty while they analyse ethical dilemmas.

PMID- 3693720
TI  - Managing alcohol and drug abuse in the nursing profession.
AB  - Annual increases in indices which reflect the extent of alcohol and drug abuse in
      society result in a considerable cost to industry. Nurses as a professional group
      have not generally been identified as having a significantly high incidence of
      staff with problems of alcohol or drug abuse, although there is some evidence
      that they are more likely than other workers to attend treatment agencies. The
      role of nurse management in the early recognition and handling of problems can be
      vital and training material has been developed to encourage appropriate
      involvement. A brief description and preliminary evaluation of management
      training is given. Guidelines and policies which clarify the roles of management,
      trade unions, occupational health and specialist treatment agencies should
      facilitate the rehabilitation of the nurse with a drink or drug problem and, in
      doing so, have potential economic as well as personal benefit to the parties
      involved.

PMID- 3693721
TI  - A new look at grief.

PMID- 3693722
TI  - The nursing process in perspective.

PMID- 3693723
TI  - Higher education: the coping stone of nursing education?
AB  - For many years the nursing profession in the United Kingdom has sought ways of
      improving the education of nurses. The present article explores some of the
      issues surrounding the recent proposals for an alternative to the long-standing
      apprenticeship system, namely that of moving basic nurse education into
      institutions of higher education. In particular, it focuses upon and explores the
      views of clinical nurse teachers and nurse tutors. In order to provide an
      historical context, the article begins by outlining the history of nurse
      education over the last century with reference to the various reports that have
      been published throughout the period. Before discussing the results of a
      questionnaire completed by those currently involved in the training and education
      of nurses, the article also considers the experience of other countries where
      collegiate education for nurses has been introduced.

PMID- 3693724
TI  - Pain assessment by patients and nurses in the early phase of acute myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - In 47 patients admitted to the coronary care unit (CCU) at Sahlgren's Hospital in
      Goteborg, Sweden, due to acute myocardial infarction (MI) the intensity of pain
      independently assessed by the patient and by the nurse on duty was evaluated
      during the first 24 hours in CCU. Pain was assessed according to a modified
      numerical rating scale graded from 0-10, where 0 meant no pain and 10 meant the
      most severe pain. A positive correlation between the patients' and nurses'
      assessments was found (r = 0.76; P less than 0.001). However, the nurses under
      estimated the patients' pain in 23% of the situations and over-estimated it in
      20%. Over-estimation was particularly found when heart rate and blood pressure
      increased. Many patients scoring their pain to fairly high degrees were not given
      pain-relieving treatment. Treatment with morphine did not cause substantial pain
      relief in a substantial number of patients. A significantly positive correlation
      was found between the patients' and nurses' assessments of pain, although under
      estimation as well as over-estimation occurred. A few patients with severe pain
      were not treated and when treatment was given it was often ineffective.

PMID- 3693725
TI  - The future role of day hospitals for the elderly: the case for a nursing
      initiative.
AB  - This paper describes the results of a research project investigating activity
      levels and consumer perceptions at two contrasting day hospitals for the elderly.
      Day hospitals traditionally function on a medical model with an important
      emphasis placed on treatment and discharge. Their claim to provide a therapeutic
      regime has been questioned however, the suggestion being that there are higher
      levels of such activities in day centres. The results of this study demonstrate
      that activity levels at day hospitals are far higher than previous research
      indicates but that the emphasis on discharge is contrary to the expressed needs
      of the majority of consumers. In view of the prevailing demographic trends the
      paper concludes with suggestions for service innovation with specific reference
      to the role of the nursing profession.

PMID- 3693726
TI  - Nursing and medical student attitudes towards nursing disclosure of information
      to patients: a pilot study.
AB  - The American Hospital Association 'Patient's Bill of Rights' encourages greater
      disclosure of medical information to patients. However, the 'Bill of Rights' and
      conventional hospital practice centre responsibility for disclosure on
      physicians. The standing of nurses with regard to disclosure of information
      remains unclear. Many features of the nursing role indicate nurses could
      participate more fully in disclosure. A questionnaire exploring issues of
      disclosure by nurses was circulated to senior nursing students and fourth-year
      medical students. The 28 nursing respondents and 28 medical respondents differed
      significantly on 20 of the 87 items. In 15 of these, nursing students clearly
      showed more support than medical students for an active nursing role in
      disclosure, informed consent, expressing professional opinions, and patients'
      decision-making. A more active role by nurses in disclosing information may
      support increased patient participation in decision-making.

PMID- 3693727
TI  - First impressions: paradigms for patient assessment.
AB  - The interview that the nurse completes with a patient on his admission to
      hospital may be seen as one more negotiated step within a patient career that may
      span many years. Nevertheless, the nurse's assessment of the patient marks a key
      point in this career, his entry into a formal institution. It also marks the
      starting point of a planned intervention on the part of the nurses involved.
      Whilst such interviews have traditionally not been seen as important as that with
      the consultant, they are likely to have a significant effect upon how patient and
      nurse subsequently interact. This paper describes a research project which sought
      to identify the ways in which student nurses formulate an assessment of a patient
      on admission. A qualitative research methodology was used and a symbolic
      interactionist perspective employed.

PMID- 3693728
TI  - The role of the community psychiatric nurse in improving treatment compliance in
      alcoholics.
AB  - Patient compliance in alcoholism treatment remains an under-researched topic.
      Some factors as to why patients comply to treatment have been studied but the
      intervention of nursing staff who work in the community has not been extensively
      researched. This study looks at the effect, if any, of having community
      psychiatric nurses following up a randomly-selected group of new patients
      referred to the Withington Hospital Alcoholism Treatment Unit. This study looks
      at the involvement of community psychiatric nurses in their initial treatment.

PMID- 3693729
TI  - Study of patients with indwelling catheters.
AB  - Indwelling urethral catheters are used for the long-term management of
      intractable urinary incontinence or bladder outlet obstruction with resultant
      retention of urine. There are well-described problems associated with their use
      including urinary tract infections and mechanical problems. Urinary tract
      infections have been well researched, however mechanical problems associated with
      blockage of the catheter lumen due to encrustation, leakage of urine and general
      discomfort, have been the least investigated. To date, there has been no research
      of patients' views, understanding or feelings in relation to their catheters.
      This paper comprises a preliminary investigation of patients' understanding and
      knowledge of their catheter's location and function, its acceptance, problems
      associated with its use, social implications and its subsequent management.
      Thirty-six patients from the community of one health district were surveyed. It
      was concluded that an indwelling catheter is a prosthesis which, to be
      successful, requires adequate patient education and management. Education of the
      patient and carers is particularly important since an understanding of the
      catheter and its function will lead to better acceptance of the device and will
      enable better management of the urine drainage system.

PMID- 3693731
TI  - Partnership in care.
AB  - The Alberta Child Health Passport was developed to provide parents and health
      professionals with a shared record of the child's health, growth, development,
      immunization and contacts with health services. A structured evaluation of the
      passport, and survey of the views of mothers and community nurses using it was
      carried out. The need for such a record was confirmed by those questioned.
      Responses also helped to identify sections of the booklet that are particularly
      useful and those which might be modified or removed. The passport is seen as
      having considerable advantages in improving the relationship between health
      professionals and clients.

PMID- 3693730
TI  - Quality assurance: is it professional insurance?
AB  - Quality assurance (QA) is being hailed as a 'new frontier' of nursing. Its
      diffusion into nursing theory and practice in the United Kingdom is outlined. QA
      is not an alien import; favourable preconditions already existed. The systems
      reasoning of the nursing process, which sprawned a plethora of models, each
      geared to the 'orderly' progression of stages, objectives and process, is
      resonant with the values and measurement techniques of QA. A major limitation of
      QA is that it downplays the organizational complexity of hospitals. Although QA
      is projected as being in the service of clients, its major impetus is concerned
      with professional self-defence, as regards other professions, the state and
      litigious clients. Further, QA enlisted by nursing strongly reproduces the ethos
      and logic of the dominant medical model; patients are 'objectified' as the
      technical products of production. The 'medical gaze' is now being joined with the
      'nursing gaze'.

PMID- 3693732
TI  - Factors related to progress towards completion of correspondence courses in a
      baccalaureate nursing programme.
AB  - This study focuses on the instructional technique of correspondence instruction-
      the learner, the setting, and the problem of course non-completion. The purpose
      of this study was to develop a model of completion of correspondence courses
      which identifies factors related to progress towards course completion. The
      objectives were to estimate the model and identify factors associated with course
      completion. The causal model for this study was adapted from Bean's synthetic
      model of student attrition from institutions of higher education. Data to test
      the model were obtained from a questionnaire, transcripts, and progress records
      of students enrolled in independent study programme courses and declaring a
      nursing major. Eleven variables in the model estimated in this study accounted
      for 44% of variance in course progress. Students making progress intended
      completing the course in 3 months, submitted the first lesson within 40 days, had
      high SAT scores and GPAs, completed (and did not drop) other correspondence
      courses, perceived family support but not employer support, had high goals for
      completing the programme and obtaining the BSN, lived closer to the instructor,
      and entered the nursing programme with college preparation (as a registered
      nurse). The model can be used for understanding and explaining progress toward
      course completion as well as the distance education setting of correspondence
      instruction. The intent variable explains most variance and can be measured while
      students are enrolled in the course. The lesson submission variable is
      theoretically justified.

PMID- 3693733
TI  - Factors associated with student and pupil nurse wastage.
AB  - The records of student and pupil nurses who discontinued nurse training within
      the North Staffordshire Health Authority between the beginning of 1981 and the
      end of November 1986 were examined. The reasons for leaving were classified
      according to comments made by the learners themselves as well as impressions of
      tutorial staff. Nine categories for leaving were formed for students and pupils.
      Stress and unsuitability for nursing were significant factors in student wastage
      while stress was of high significance in relation to pupil wastage.

PMID- 3693734
TI  - Records as a data source: the case for health visitor records.
AB  - Health records as a source of research data are examined. A case study approach
      is adopted to evaluate the reliability of health visitor records as a data
      source. It is argued that such records may be a rich source of epidemiological
      data although their deficiencies should be acknowledged.

PMID- 3693735
TI  - Comment on 'Mix and Match': a review of nursing skill mix.

PMID- 3693736
TI  - Brother, can you spare a D----?

PMID- 3693737
TI  - The nurse executive. Interacting with the media.

PMID- 3693738
TI  - The federal government's role in financing higher education.

PMID- 3693739
TI  - The balancing act.

PMID- 3693740
TI  - The international nurse consultant as change agent.

PMID- 3693741
TI  - AIDS: facts and issues.

PMID- 3693742
TI  - Understanding moral issues in health care: seven essential ideas.

PMID- 3693743
TI  - The measurement of professional autonomy.

PMID- 3693744
TI  - How nurses get their way: power strategies in nursing.

PMID- 3693745
TI  - The professional versus the academic model: a dilemma for nursing education.

PMID- 3693746
TI  - Academic correlates of baccalaureate graduate performance on NCLEX-RN.

PMID- 3693747
TI  - Entrepreneurship: advancing education and practice program objectives.

PMID- 3693748
TI  - Experiences of acting deans--through the retrospectoscope.

PMID- 3693749
TI  - Dilemmas of voluntary versus mandatory coverage for off-campus health care.

PMID- 3693750
TI  - A smoking and health fair: implementation and evaluation.

PMID- 3693751
TI  - Demographic and organizational variables that affect southeastern college and
      university student health promotion.

PMID- 3693752
TI  - Use of the Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory with a college population.

PMID- 3693753
TI  - A student-to-student dental outreach program.

PMID- 3693754
TI  - Metabolic effects of a very low calorie diet in obese children and adolescents
      with special reference to nitrogen balance.
AB  - Eight obese children and adolescents, mean age (+/- SD) 12.0 +/- 2.5 years, were
      treated for 3 weeks with a liquid formula very low calorie diet (VLCD),
      containing 320 kcal/1339 kj (44 g protein, 33 g carbohydrate, 0.9 g fat). Weight
      loss after 3 weeks was 8.0 +/- 1.8 kg resulting in 15.3 +/- 4.6% reduction of
      body overweight. During the dietary period no patient complained of hunger and no
      serious side effects were observed. Four patients achieved positive N-balance
      during the second week, all but one in the third week. Mean cumulative N-balance
      after 3 weeks was calculated to be -23.2 +/- 31.6 gN. Great interindividual
      variances were observed in the rate of N-loss during the course of the study. No
      significant correlation was found between cumulative N-balance and weight loss or
      initial body weight. Blood parameters remained unaffected, except for glucose and
      urea, which decreased slightly from 74.6 +/- 13.6 to 50.4 +/- 20.1 mg/dl and from
      14.1 +/- 4.3 to 8.6 +/- 7.4 mg/dl, respectively. Uric acid concentrations
      increased slightly, three of eight patients had levels higher than 8 mg/dl and
      therefore were treated with allopurinol. Total serum protein decreased; serum
      albumin values did not change. The type of VLCD used in this study proved
      therapeutically useful in achieving rapid weight loss. Compared with VLCD
      containing 30% less protein and carbohydrate, a marked improvement of N-balance
      in 3 weeks could be achieved with the VLCD containing 1 g protein/kg IBW/day.
      This amount of protein seems to be necessary to obtain the nitrogen sparing
      effect in children and adolescents undergoing weight reduction with VLCDs.

PMID- 3693755
TI  - Vitamin status in patients undergoing single or multiple plasmapheresis.
AB  - Folate, thiamin, nicotinate, biotin, riboflavin, pantothenate, vitamins A, B6,
      B12, C, E, and beta-carotene were determined in: (a) eight patients before and
      after one plasma exchange; (b) in one patient after five consecutive treatments;
      (c) in three patients before and 2-8 weeks after plasmapheresis. Vitamin B12,
      beta-carotene, vitamin B6, and vitamins A, C, E were depressed after acute or
      chronic plasmapheresis. Concentrations of folate, thiamin, nicotinate, biotin,
      riboflavin, and pantothenate were essentially unchanged after one plasma
      exchange.

PMID- 3693756
TI  - Dietary patterns and metabolic control in diabetic diets: a prospective study of
      51 outpatient men on unmeasured and exchange diets.
AB  - In a prospective, single blind study, 51 adult diabetic, male outpatients at or
      below ideal body weight (IBW), all but four of whom were insulin-treated, were
      randomly assigned to a calorically defined exchange diet (EXCH) or an unmeasured
      diet avoiding refined sugars (UNMEAS). Fasting chemistries, weights and 48-hr
      dietary recalls were obtained every 3 months for 3 years. There was no difference
      between groups in mean body weight, mean caloric intake, percentages of
      carbohydrate or fat intake, day to day consistency of caloric intake, or fasting
      chemistries. The patients whose actual weight tended to be less than IBW consumed
      more calories than their theoretical calculated needs (p = 0.002) without effect
      on glycemic control or stability of weight. Patients with low carbohydrate intake
      (less than 30%) had significantly higher triglyceride levels (p = 0.015).
      Otherwise, variations in dietary patterns were not reflected in fasting clinical
      chemistries. Individual fasting serum glucose levels were not related to
      consistency of carbohydrate intake, caloric distribution throughout the day or
      composition of diets. These results suggest that actual dietary patterns of
      subjects following exchange diabetic diets with precise caloric prescriptions are
      similar to those resulting from unmeasured diets with restriction of simple
      sugars. Other than correlation between carbohydrate intake and triglycerides,
      there was no detectable effect of variations in dietary patterns upon
      conventional chemical metabolic levels.

PMID- 3693757
TI  - Clinical and immunologic studies among egg-processing workers with occupational
      asthma.
AB  - Twenty-five workers in an egg-processing factory were evaluated for respiratory
      sensitization to inhaled egg proteins by a physician evaluation, serial peak
      expiratory flow rate (PEFR) measurements for a 1-week period, and immunologic
      tests. Immunologic studies included skin prick tests, serum-specific IgE (RAST),
      and specific IgG (ELISA) to solutions prepared from commercial food allergens:
      factory-powdered egg white and yolk products and purified egg white fractions,
      including ovalbumin, ovomucoid, lysozyme, and conalbumin. Six workers had
      significant daily PEFR lability (greater than 20%) of whom five had associated
      cutaneous reactivity to at least one egg allergen. A diagnosis of "definite
      asthma" was established in five workers suspected by the physician of having
      asthma. These five workers exhibited significant decrements in daily PEFR that
      were accompanied by bronchial symptoms. Occupational asthma was diagnosed by the
      physician in four of the five latter workers. Definite asthma was significantly
      associated with both cutaneous reactivity to egg allergens (p less than 0.01) and
      RAST binding (p less than 0.01). Of eight workers with cutaneous reactivity to at
      least one egg reagent, four workers (50%) were positive to only purified egg
      white fractions. The highest levels of RAST binding were detected in four
      workers, and the best binding activity was to ovomucoid and ovalbumin fractions.
      Elevated specific IgG responses were significantly higher in egg-factory workers
      to whole egg (p less than 0.005), lysozyme (p less than 0.002), and conalbumin (p
      less than 0.002) allergens compared to responses of nonexposed control subjects.
      However, no differences in specific IgG were detected between symptomatic and
      asymptomatic workers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3693758
TI  - Basidiomycete allergy: measurement of spore-specific IgE antibodies.
AB  - RAST with 12 basidiospore extracts demonstrated that a significant percent of 42
      individuals with symptoms of perennial rhinitis and/or asthma and skin reactivity
      to at least one spore extract had spore-specific IgE antibodies. These antibodies
      were not demonstrable in 14 atopic, symptomatic, skin test negative control
      subjects nor in five nonatopic, asymptomatic control subjects. There was a
      statistically significant association between RAST and skin test results for all
      but three of the spore extracts. A statistically significant association was also
      observed between RAST results obtained with most of the different spore extracts.
      A similar association was present for skin test results with different spore
      extracts. These results provide evidence that basidiospore extracts are suitable
      allergens for use in diagnostic studies of respiratory disease associated with
      exposure to basidiomycetes.

PMID- 3693759
TI  - Home treatment of antibody-deficiency syndromes with intravenous immune globulin.
AB  - Immune globulin replacement is a safe and effective therapy for patients with
      antibody-deficiency syndromes. The need for frequent hospital visits for
      treatment and high cost remain significant problems. To surmount these problems,
      we developed a program of patient/family-performed home administration of
      intravenous immune globulin. Fourteen patients were selected with predetermined
      eligibility criteria. Nine patients chose to enter the study. Patients and/or
      relatives were taught the technique of intravenous administration. A signed
      agreement to perform the infusion under physician instructions was required. All
      patients successfully performed home treatment, with an average of 19 infusions
      completed per patient (range 10 to 24). Home treatment decreased absence from
      work and school. Another benefit noted was a better self-image for patients who
      require life-long therapy. Regular follow-up visits with the physician are
      important for adequate care of patients. We conclude that home self
      administration of intravenous immune globulin is feasible, safe, and effective in
      selected patients.

PMID- 3693760
TI  - Allergic bronchopulmonary candidiasis: case report and suggested diagnostic
      criteria.
AB  - A patient with an illness consistent with allergic bronchopulmonary candidiasis
      is described. The patient had asthma, atelectatic pulmonary infiltrates on three
      occasions, immediate cutaneous reactivity as low as 10(-7) (wt/vol) to Candida
      albicans extract, and precipitating antibody to this organism. C. albicans was
      the only organism cultured from two bronchial lavage specimens. Total serum IgE
      was elevated to 5745 ng/ml and decreased rapidly with corticosteroid therapy.
      Serologic studies were not consistent with allergic bronchopulmonary
      aspergillosis. Serum IgE to C. albicans, measured by ELISA after adsorption of
      IgG from the serum samples by incubation with staphylococcal protein A, was found
      to be 575% to 650% above control values. The serum IgE antibody activity against
      Candida decreased with clinical improvement after corticosteroid therapy.

PMID- 3693761
TI  - Effects of inhibition of thromboxane A2 synthesis in aspirin-induced asthma.
AB  - Since inhibition of cyclooxygenase precipitates asthmatic attacks in patients
      with aspirin idiosyncrasy, we have evaluated the effects of pharmacologic
      inhibition of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) synthetase, next to cyclooxygenase enzyme in
      arachidonic acid cascade. Sixteen patients with aspirin-induced asthma received
      increasing doses on 3 days (25 to 400 mg) of an imidazole derivative, OKY-046,
      which specifically blocks TXA2 synthetase. Twenty-three healthy control subjects
      received a single dose of 400 mg of OKY-046. In both patients and control
      subjects, the inhibitor at a dose of 400 mg produced (1) a pronounced fall in
      thromboxane B2 serum levels, (2) a rise in serum 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha,
      and (3) a depression in platelet aggregability to arachidonic acid and adenosine
      diphosphate. The drug, however, neither precipitated attacks of asthma nor
      impaired pulmonary function tests throughout a 24-hour observation period. Five
      patients, but none of the control subjects, developed transient nasal congestion
      about 1 hour after taking the drug. Thus, inhibition of TXA2 synthetase, contrary
      to inhibition of cyclooxygenase, does not affect bronchopulmonary function in
      patients with asthma and aspirin intolerance.

PMID- 3693762
TI  - Hereditary angioedema: a decade of management with stanozolol.
AB  - Thirty-seven patients with hereditary angioedema, who, without therapy, had
      attacks of cutaneous angioedema, gastrointestinal colic, and/or upper respiratory
      symptoms at a frequency and severity sufficient to prompt treatment with an
      attenuated androgen, have been evaluated for the incidence of side effects and
      biochemical toxicity during various schedules leading to the minimal effective
      dose. Stanozolol was administered in a 2 mg daily dose, initially, and after the
      symptoms and signs were adequately controlled for 2 months at this dose or at 1
      mg per day, the drug was administered every other day at 4 mg. Patients who
      responded adequately to this schedule were administered 2 or 1 mg every other
      day, and then the interval between doses was gradually increased to 1 week, after
      which the agent was stopped. Eighteen patients experienced adverse reactions to
      stanozolol while the minimal effective dose was attained. In each instance the
      side effect subsided with a reduction in dosage. The most common adverse
      reactions were biochemical evidence of hepatic dysfunction and, to a lesser
      extent, hirsutism and menstrual irregularities. Although 21 of 27 patients in an
      initial study of the minimal effective dose were maintained with daily therapy in
      1980, by 1986 this group and 10 additional patients were distributed so that
      three patients were receiving daily maintenance, 18 were receiving alternate-day
      maintenance, and 16 patients were receiving no maintenance therapy [corrected].
      Thus, stanozolol appears to be a safe and effective agent for management of
      hereditary angioedema when patients are continually monitored to define the
      minimal effective dose or the feasibility of stopping the drug.

PMID- 3693763
TI  - The role of specific IgE and beta-propiolactone in reactions resulting from
      booster doses of human diploid cell rabies vaccine.
AB  - Reactions after booster injections of human diploid cell rabies vaccine (HDCV)
      were investigated to determine the possibility of IgE-type antibody involvement.
      Although normal manufacture of HDCV involves the inactivation of the virus with
      beta-propiolactone (BPL), the effect of BPL on nonviral vaccine components, such
      as host cell components or stabilizing proteins, may be typical of the haptenic
      action of small molecular weight chemicals. Specific IgE to commercial HDCV
      preparations, BPL-treated preparations of noninfected host MRC5 cell sonicate
      (BPL-MRC5), and a human albumin (HA) (BPL-HA) used as a stabilizing agent were
      detected in sera from five individuals who reported reactions after booster doses
      of HDCV. However, these patients had no detectable IgE to normal HA. Sera from
      nonvaccinated individuals, vaccinated individuals who reported no reaction after
      HDCV booster, and pollen-allergic individuals had no detectable IgE to HDCV, BPL
      MRC5, or BPL-HA. Changes in the ratios of pre- to postbooster serum levels of
      specific IgE to HDCV and BPL-HA were significantly different in a group of 19
      individuals who reported reactions to HDCV boosters; these changes in pre- to
      postbooster IgE levels in nonreactive vaccinees were not significant. Prebooster
      serum IgE RAST ratios to HDCV or BPL-HA were not predictive of potential
      reactions to HDCV. A number of experimental BPL-HA reaction mixtures were assayed
      to examine the effect of variable concentrations of BPL to HA. Increasing
      relative molar concentrations of BPL to HA resulted in increased electrophoretic
      mobility, whereas the highest relative specific IgE binding was detected in BPL
      HA molar reaction mixtures of approximately 12.5:1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3693764
TI  - Development of atopic disease in babies whose mothers were receiving exclusion
      diet during pregnancy--a randomized study.
AB  - In a prospective, randomized study, we have monitored the effect of maternal
      abstention from cow's milk and egg on the development of atopy in babies. Two
      hundred twelve women were followed from midpregnancy. We report the occurrences
      of allergies in their babies up to 18 months of age, as assessed by skin prick
      testing, determination of serum IgE, questionnaires, and blinded physical
      examination by a pediatric allergist. Whatever the method that was used, there
      was no statistically significant difference between babies whose mothers received
      the "diet" or the "nondiet." Other factors known to influence the risk of atopy
      like heredity, sex, month of birth, breast-feeding, and exposure to tobacco
      smoke, animal dandruff, and solid food did not differ between the groups. The
      mothers receiving the exclusion diet, by their own choice, had diminished their
      intake of milk and egg during lactation also, and therefore, their babies were
      significantly less exposed to cow's milk before 6 months. Still, atopy was
      equally abundant among their children. Thus, maternal elimination diet during
      late pregnancy did not protect the baby against allergy.

PMID- 3693766
TI  - Science and sham.

PMID- 3693765
TI  - The use of a single daily theophylline dose and metered-dose albuterol in asthma
      treatment.

PMID- 3693767
TI  - "The view from the top.".

PMID- 3693768
TI  - What does DNR really mean?

PMID- 3693769
TI  - Gender and psychosocial factors associated with specialty choice.

PMID- 3693770
TI  - Women physicians' name choices at marriage.

PMID- 3693771
TI  - Characteristics of skillful breast self-examiners.

PMID- 3693772
TI  - Dressing do's & don'ts for women doctors.

PMID- 3693774
TI  - Vision care for the patient with diabetes.

PMID- 3693773
TI  - Women, children, and AIDS.

PMID- 3693775
TI  - The case for uniform submissions to optometric journals.

PMID- 3693776
TI  - Optometric residencies.

PMID- 3693777
TI  - Detection of diabetic retinopathy by optometrists.
AB  - Optometrists examined 25 eyes with varying severity of diabetic retinopathy. No
      history or clinical information was provided to the optometrists who performed
      fundus examinations on dilated eyes using direct or indirect ophthalmoscopes.
      Color stereoscopic fundus photographs were independently graded and used as the
      standard. Optometrists made a correct diagnosis of whether retinopathy was
      present in 77% of the eyes (95% confidence interval (CI): 73%, 82%). They made a
      correct diagnosis of the type and degree of diabetic retinopathy in 57% of the
      eyes (95% CI: 39%, 75%). This diagnosis rate exceeded the rate reported for
      physician examiners (39%) and equaled that of general ophthalmologists (52%) in
      the only other similar study. Sensitivity for diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy
      in eyes of diabetic patients using only ophthalmoscopy was 74% (95% CI: 67%,
      81%), while specificity for diagnosis of the absence of retinopathy was 84% (95%
      CI: 73%, 96%). 100% of these optometrists would have referred the eye with
      preproliferative retinopathy. 53% would have referred the eye classified as
      proliferative retinopathy without high risk characteristics, and 79% would have
      referred the eye with macular edema.

PMID- 3693778
TI  - The reading process and learning to read.
AB  - This paper provides a description of two models of the reading process and the
      relation of these models to learning to read, reading instruction and the
      identification and treatment of reading problems.

PMID- 3693779
TI  - Clinical evaluation of Boston IV custom toric contact lenses.
AB  - Thirty-two astigmatic patients were fit with daily wear Boston IV custom toric
      rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lenses and followed for 9 months. The following
      clinical study evaluates the safety and efficacy of this lens.

PMID- 3693780
TI  - The computer user syndrome.
AB  - Most conventional computer hardware systems have been inadequately designed for
      the functional comfort and efficient usage by human operators. The effects of
      excyclotorsion, inadequate depression-of-gaze, excessive hand-wrist pronation,
      and ulnar abduction are discussed. The neurology of ocular movements, synkinesis,
      saccades, pursuits, and orthopedic hand-wrist biomechanics are reviewed. The
      interrelationships of these ocular and orthopedic phenomena have been synthesized
      into a comprehensive hypothesis, in an effort to create a computer configuration
      which permits a greater integration of the keyboard (tool-usage) with the screen
      visualization (product-of-tool-usage), and improves visual feedback.

PMID- 3693781
TI  - The simultaneous presentation of retinopathy of prematurity and central serous
      chorioretinopathy.
AB  - A case report of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and retinopathy of
      prematurity (ROP) in the same patient is presented. CSC is a disease of the outer
      retinal layers, specifically the retinal pigment epithelium, which results in
      serous detachment of the neurosensory retina. ROP is a disease of the anterior
      retinal layers, affecting the retinal vasculature. Ocular manifestations may
      range from the peripheral neovascularization observed in the milder states to
      retinal detachment and secondary angle closure glaucoma that is often found in
      the later stages. Therefore it would appear that there is no direct relationship
      between the presence of ROP and the presence of CSC in a patient who presented
      with complaints of a unilateral relative central scotoma. To our knowledge this
      represents a heretofore unreported association.

PMID- 3693782
TI  - Staphyloma and other risk factors in axial myopia.
AB  - Posterior staphyloma, associated exclusively with axial myopia, is progressive
      and often results in visual loss. Five types of primary staphyloma have been
      described anatomically and in terms of sequelae. Mechanical and physiological
      factors in axial myopia can lead to potentially sight-threatening abnormalities
      which affect central or peripheral vision. Some are easily detectable while
      others require a thorough evaluation of the peripheral retina. This report
      consists of a review of fundus changes associated with axial myopia, the types of
      staphyloma, and a case report. Emphasis is placed on identification and
      management of patients at risk from the sequelae of axial myopia.

PMID- 3693783
TI  - Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to optometric journals. The
      International Style Guide Committee for Uniform Submissions to Optometric
      Journals.

PMID- 3693784
TI  - The methods of self psychology.

PMID- 3693785
TI  - Countertransference.

PMID- 3693786
TI  - Projection and projective identification: developmental and clinical aspects.
AB  - Projective identification and projection are defined, described, and contrasted.
      Projective identification is seen as an early or primitive defensive operation,
      and projection as later or more advanced and derivative in nature. The
      developmental origins and adaptive functions of projective identification are
      examined with an emphasis on the cognitive preconditions for the operation of
      this defense. The varying functions of both defensive operations are described
      within the context of psychotic, borderline, and neurotic personality
      organization. Case material is presented to illustrate the diagnostic approach to
      and the clinical functions of projective identification, particularly its
      importance in contributing to complementary identification in the
      countertransference. Also illustrated is the technical management of severe
      transference regression under the impact of projective identification. Finally,
      alternative approaches to the diagnosis and interpretation of projective
      identification are discussed.

PMID- 3693787
TI  - The emergence of assertion and aggression during infancy: a psychoanalytic
      systems approach.
AB  - A model is presented in which assertion and aggression are seen as arising from
      two entirely different biopsychological systems in the human infant. Assertion
      derives from the universal tendency to be active, to seek stimuli, to generate
      plans, and to carry them out. It is a self-activating system and is generally
      associated with the positive affects of joy, interest, and excitement. Aggression
      derives from the equally universal self-protective system. This system, however,
      is reactive in the face of a perceived threat and is associated with the
      dysphoric affects of anger, fear, and distress. During the infant and toddler
      period, the child's assertions may be treated punitively by the parents as if
      they were aggressive acts. The child in turn feels threatened and becomes self
      protective. The result is a contamination between assertion and aggression and
      the creation of a new self-sustaining system in which aggression appears to be
      spontaneous and self-activating. If assertions are frequently blocked, the
      contamination may be extensive, and it may appear as if an aggressive instinctual
      process is present. However, a systemic explanation provides a much better fit
      with the empirical observations than does an instinctual one. Four examples of
      different family styles are presented. The model permits one to understand the
      subtle qualitative differences in style reflecting different individual
      combinations of assertion and aggression and their associated affects.

PMID- 3693788
TI  - Idealization of the analyst by the young adult.
AB  - Idealization is an intrapsychic process that serves many functions. In addition
      to its use defensively and for gratification of libidinal and aggressive drive
      derivatives, it can contribute to developmental progression, particularly during
      late adolescence and young adulthood. During an analysis, it is important to
      recognize all the determinants of idealization, including those related to the
      reworking of developmental conflicts. If an analyst understands idealization
      solely as a manifestation of pathology, he may interfere with his patient's use
      of it for the development of autonomous functioning.

PMID- 3693789
TI  - Psychoanalytic observations on the effect of lithium on manic attacks.
AB  - This paper describes a predictable relation between our manic-depressive
      patients' blood lithium levels and particular changes in their conscious and
      unconscious mental processes (i.e., their thoughts, wishes, fantasies,
      inclinations, and feelings). These changes were, in turn, predictively related to
      specific changes in these patients' overt manic symptomatology. Because each of
      our patients' manic episodes was heralded by a marked increase in unconscious or
      conscious phallic sexual thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, and because this
      increase preceded any observed deterioration in ego or superego functioning, we
      hypothesize that a primary increase in our patients' phallic instinctual drives
      secondarily overwhelmed the capacity of their egos to defend against these
      drives, and that this, in turn, resulted in the development of our patients'
      overt manic symptoms. Psychoanalysis (or psychoanalytically oriented
      psychotherapy) made our patients consciously aware both of their previously
      unconscious phallic sexual thoughts and impulses, and of their defenses against
      them. This new awareness enabled our patients to recognize when their, now
      conscious, phallic sexual impulses and thoughts became inappropriately
      intensified; and this, in turn, permitted them to avoid overt manic episodes by
      counteracting these inappropriate inclinations with increased doses of lithium.

PMID- 3693790
TI  - Psychological concepts useful in the building of political foundations between
      nations: Track II diplomacy.
AB  - There are two phases in the process of negotiating for peace with antagonistic
      national groups. The leader (or leaders) of one such group will not negotiate
      with his opposite number until political foundations to support such negotiation
      are laid down, and obstacles to peace identified and dealt with; at least some
      measure of success is anticipated by both sides. Accordingly, the first phase
      requires the building of bridges between those representing opposing nations. The
      activities in this preliminary phase are sometimes called Track II diplomacy;
      they differ from those of official or Track I diplomacy. I suggest two kinds of
      concepts that may be useful in Track II diplomacy, and present them in the hope
      of initiating further discussion, and exploration of metapsychological
      underpinnings of each concept. As Mitscherlich (1971) suggested, the psychology
      of international politics may be better understood if psychoanalysts are willing
      to engage in interdisciplinary work with others engaged in such endeavors.

PMID- 3693791
TI  - Optimization of the cell envelope disruption of extremely halophilic bacteria.
AB  - This paper describes an examination of the cell envelope stability opposite to
      disruption by chemical and physical methods of extremely halophilic bacteria. The
      following methods of cell treatment were studied: solvent and chelating agents;
      pressure shearing at several pressures; ultrasonic disintegration for various
      times; ballistic disintegration; grinding with cold alumina; lysozyme digestion;
      osmotic shock; and freezing and thawing. The procedure is based on the
      determination of three cytoplasmic enzymes released by the cell treatment.
      Menadione reductase was also used as convenient marker enzyme for damage to the
      permeability barrier. Of all the methods, only pressure shearing and ultrasonic
      disintegration yielded a crude extract with high halophilic enzyme activities.
      These procedures are suitable in designing a cell fractionation scheme for
      halophilic enzyme purifications.

PMID- 3693793
TI  - A simplified method for the electrophoretic analysis of hair proteins.
AB  - Hair proteins have been analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis using a simplified method without S-carboxymethylation, protein
      fractionation and lyophilization. The molecular weights of the proteins have been
      determined and human, rat, guinea pig, rabbit, gerbil, cow and sheep hair
      compared. These molecular weight values are consistent with those obtained using
      physical methods as compared to anomalously high values previously reported
      following electrophoresis of S-carboxymethylated hair proteins. Additional high
      molecular weight proteins, possibly of a dimeric nature, have also been detected.

PMID- 3693792
TI  - Amphoteric, isoelectric immobiline membranes for preparative isoelectric
      focusing.
AB  - Amphoteric, isoelectric agarose membranes, as devised by Martin and Hampson
      [Martin, A.J.P. and Hampson, F. (1978) J. Chromatogr. 159, 101-110], are found
      unsuitable for blocking electroendosmosis in multi-compartment electrolysers
      during preparative isoelectric focusing, due to the poor and highly unpredictable
      incorporation of carboxyls and amino groups on the polysaccharide moiety. New,
      polyacrylamide-based membranes are described, containing as buffers and titrants
      the Immobiline chemicals used to produce immobilized pH gradients. These new
      membranes are supported on both faces by a non-woven polypropylene cloth, a
      material exhibiting minimal adsorption properties for proteins. Due to the
      extensively developed Immobiline technology, membranes with highly predictable
      isoelectric points, well-defined buffering capacity and conductivity can be
      synthesized at any pH value along the pH 3-10 scale. They are effective in
      blocking electroendosmosis even when the delta pH on either side of the membrane
      is as high as 1.5 pH unit.

PMID- 3693794
TI  - A simple one-column procedure for the separation of swine and human serum
      transferrins.
AB  - A rapid method for the separation of transferrin from swine or human serum is
      described. Serum (human or swine) is brought to 50% of saturation with ammonium
      sulfate for removal of immunoglobulins, the resulting precipitate discarded and
      the supernatant brought to 70% of saturation. The resulting precipitate was
      dissolved in and dialyzed against 1.54 mM sodium azide (I = 0.00154).
      Chromatography of the low ionic strength ammonium sulfate fractions (= 20 ml of
      swine or human serum, 70% of saturation) on columns of Bio-Gel A-1.5 m-Reactive
      Blue 2, equilibrated with 1.54 mM sodium azide, resulted in two peaks, a
      breakthrough peak and pure transferrin which was eluted with a linear gradient
      with 0.5 M potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.1, as limit buffer. Yields varied
      between 53 and 55% from whole serum and 70-76% from the ammonium sulfate
      fractions. Transferrins from both species were found to be homogeneous when
      subjected to immunoelectrophoresis (anti whole serum antibody) and anionic and
      sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. Hemopexin, a
      frequently found contaminant in transferrin preparations, is tightly bound by the
      gel-dye complex under the experimental conditions. Swine serum transferrin
      possesses many physicochemical properties practically identical to the human
      protein. Although small differences in physicochemical properties were apparent
      the extinction coefficients, molecular weights, electrophoretic mobilities,
      absorbance maxima of the diferric proteins (470 nm), isoelectric points and the
      absorbance ratios (465 nm/410 nm) of the diferric proteins were practically
      identical. Both swine and human transferrin produced a reaction of identity
      (complete coalescence) when reacted with antibody to either transferrin.

PMID- 3693795
TI  - Colorimetric determination of beta-cyclodextrin: two assay modifications based on
      molecular complexation of phenolphtalein.
AB  - The decolorization of phenolphtalein upon complexation to cyclodextrins was
      studied to measure beta-cyclodextrin concentrations. Several factors possibly
      affecting the self-life of the dye were tested. By making the assays in 0.1 M
      NaCO3 solution beta-cyclodextrin concentrations down to 6 microM (SNR = 2) could
      be determined while the practical assay range reached up to 0.06 mM. In this form
      the method was unaffected by acyclic oligosaccharides and directly applicable to
      cyclodextrin assays in complex starch hydrolyzates. The method was further
      modified to be used in a flow-injection analyzator and the results were
      comparable to those obtained by HPLC analyses after prepurification of the
      samples.

PMID- 3693796
TI  - Observations on the use of a cation exchange resin for the preparation of metal
      depleted media for lymphocyte culture.
AB  - A chelating resin specific for divalent cations (Chelex) was used to prepare
      metal-depleted media for lymphocyte culture. A batch procedure (resin in pH 7.4
      phosphate buffer/specimen, 1:1) removed 70-80% of iron, 77-87% of copper and 88
      98% of zinc, calcium and magnesium. At variance with other reports, when a
      resin/specimen ratio of 1:4 was used, iron chelation decreased to 40%, whereas
      other cation chelation remained unchanged. Best chelation for iron and calcium
      was obtained at pH 5-6.4; for copper, zinc and magnesium, at pH 7.4-8.0. During
      the procedure protein content decreased by 8-10%; arginine and lysine by 80%;
      asparagine, cystine, tyrosine and phenylalanine by 60%, other amino acids by 35%.
      These new data suggest that cation-depleted media prepared with Chelex may be
      used to study the effects of cations on lymphocytes in culture, provided that the
      most appropriate pH and resin/specimen ratio are selected and adequate amino acid
      replacement is performed. Results on normal human lymphocytes are reported.

PMID- 3693797
TI  - Quantitative electroelution of oligonucleotides and large DNA fragments from gels
      and purification by electrodialysis.
AB  - We have designed a new device [Biotrap (Elutrap in the U.S.A. and Canada),
      available from Schleicher & Schuell] for electroelution, -concentration , and 
      dialysis of DNA and other charged macromolecules above 5 kDa. In an electric
      field, the DNA migrates in an open channel out of the gel slice through a
      microporous membrane, BT2, into the trap section, where it is retained by a very
      dense, non-adsorbant, and inert membrane BT1. Specifically designed for use in an
      electric field, the matrix of this new membrane is much denser than that of
      dialysis membranes. In contrast to dialysis membranes, BT1 will not adsorb large
      DNA fragments nor allow passage of small DNA fragments when subjected to an
      electric field. In the absence of an electric field, BT1 and BT2 effectively seal
      the trap, maintaining the final elution volume of the purified sample. The trap
      can contain from 200-600 microliter and is collected from above with a pipet. In
      the experiments described here, 85-95% of oligonucleotides (14-mer) and large
      (150 kb) DNA fragments were recovered, independent of fragment length. The purity
      of the eluted DNA was demonstrated by restriction enzyme digestion, nick
      translation, primer extension, end-labeling with polynucleotide kinase, and
      ligation. Electrodialysis was successfully used for the complete removal of
      common contaminants inhibiting the polynucleotide kinase reaction and for the
      removal of CsCl from DNA samples.

PMID- 3693798
TI  - Deionization of formamide with Biorad AG501-X(D).
AB  - We have studied different conditions of the deionization of formamide with Biorad
      mixed bed resin AG501-X(D) and find that contrary to the popular usage, drying
      the resin before deionization produces the best results. In a typical
      deionization procedure, conductivity initially goes down, reaches a minimum
      plateau and finally goes up again. The initial rate of deionization, the minimum
      conductivity reached at the plateau and the rate of final rise in conductivity
      depend on whether the resin is dry or wet (i.e., straight from the bottle) and on
      the amount of resin used. In general, wet resin produced faster initial
      deionization, higher minimum conductivity and quicker final rise in conductivity.
      Surprisingly, a smaller amount (5%) of resin worked better than a larger amount
      (20%). With smaller amount of resin, although initial deionization was slower,
      the minimum conductivity achieved was lower and the final rise in conductivity
      was slower. This was partly due to the fact that the conductivity of formamide
      increases faster with increasing amount of water in it.

PMID- 3693799
TI  - Rapid analysis of cellular lipids without extraction.
AB  - A method is described where cell suspension obtained by scraping of monolayers
      was directly applied on silica gel plates. Extraction and separation of different
      lipid classes were simultaneously obtained during chromatography. In the range of
      validity of the method (no more than 80 micrograms of cellular protein tested for
      neutral lipids and 30 micrograms for phospholipids), this technique allows rapid
      lipid analysis of small samples of cultured cells, bypassing all the time- and
      solvent-consuming extraction and evaporation steps. The method appears to be also
      suitable for measurement of enzymes of lipid metabolism such as acyl coenzyme A
      cholesterol-acyltransferase.

PMID- 3693800
TI  - Fractionation of plasma proteins using dye-ligand chromatography: elution
      profiles on immobilized green TSK-AF.
AB  - The fractionation of human plasma by chromatography on immobilized Green TSK-AF
      was assessed by immunological analysis of the elution profiles of 27 different
      plasma proteins. A three-step procedure was used to elute proteins from the
      column. First a low-molarity buffer (30 mM sodium phosphate, pH 7.0, I = 0.053)
      was applied; then a linear salt gradient (0-1.0 M NaCl in the above buffer) was
      followed by an additional wash with four bed volumes of 1.0 M NaCl. Tightly bound
      proteins were finally stripped with 0.5 M NH4SCN. The elution profile of the
      proteins using this procedure appears to be very reproducible. Comparison with
      the profile obtained upon chromatography on Cibacron Blue 3GA [Gianazza, E. and
      Arnaud, P. (1982) Biochem. J. 201, 129-136] indicates significant differences
      between the binding properties of the two gels. These differences can be used to
      design a "tandem-chromatography" system which provides an efficient means for the
      separation of several plasma proteins.

PMID- 3693801
TI  - Neuropeptide Y and non-adrenergic sympathetic vascular control of the cat nasal
      mucosa.
AB  - Neuropeptide Y (NPY) coexists with noradrenaline (NA) in a population of
      perivascular nerves in the cat nasal mucosa. In the present study, NPY was found
      to exert non-adrenergic nasal vasoconstrictor actions. Postganglionic sympathetic
      nerve stimulation induced a release of NPY-like immunoreactivity (LI) concomitant
      with vasoconstriction in the nasal mucosa. About 60 and 70% of the
      vasoconstrictor responses upon sympathetic stimulation at 2 and 10 Hz,
      respectively, remained after pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine and propranolol
      which abolished the effects of exogenous NA. Preganglionic denervation one week
      prior to the experiments did not change the vasoconstrictor response to
      sympathetic nerve stimulation or the NA or NPY contents of the nasal mucosa. The
      levels of NPY-LI in the superior cervical ganglion were however reduced. After
      reserpine treatment, which depleted the nasal NA content by almost 90% and the
      NPY content by 50%, a vasoconstrictor response to nerve stimulation was still
      present. After reserpine treatment combined with preganglionic denervation, nerve
      stimulation simultaneously induced an increased output of NPY-LI and a marked
      long-lasting vasoconstriction which was not influenced by phenoxybenzamine and
      propranolol. The reserpine-induced depletion of NA was not influenced by
      preganglionic denervation while the reduction in the nasal content of NPY-LI was
      prevented. In conclusion, NPY could be a non-adrenergic mediator of sympathetic
      vascular effects in cat nasal mucosa.

PMID- 3693802
TI  - Evidence for a role of the sodium pump of hepatocytes in the control of food
      intake.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that the sodium pump of hepatocytes is involved in the
      control of food intake, we investigated the effect of ouabain, an inhibitor of
      the sodium pump, on feeding in intact and hepatic vagotomized rats. Ouabain (2
      mg/kg b.wt.), injected intraperitoneally during the bright phase of the lighting
      cycle, stimulated feeding in intact and sham-vagotomized rats, but not in hepatic
      vagotomized rats. Atropinization did not block ouabain's hyperphagic effect.
      Ouabain did not affect portal blood glucose level. Rats started to eat sooner
      than normal when ouabain was injected, while their meal size and duration was
      unchanged. The results are consistent with a role of the sodium pump of
      hepatocytes in the control of food intake.

PMID- 3693803
TI  - Sensory vagal innervation of the rat esophagus and cardia: a light and electron
      microscopic anterograde tracing study.
AB  - Wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate (WGA-HRP) was injected
      into nodose ganglia of rats. In the esophagus and cardia, dense networks of
      anterogradely labeled fibers and beaded terminal-like arborisations were observed
      around myenteric ganglia after combined histochemistry for HRP and
      acetylcholinesterase. The muscularis externa and interna proper were free of
      label except for a few traversing fibers. Submucosal and mucosal labeling was
      rather sparse except for the most oral part of the esophagus, where a dense
      mucosal innervation was found. Control experiments including WGA-HRP injections
      into the cervical vagus nerve, nodose ganglion injections after supranodose
      vagotomy, and anterograde [3H]leucine tracing from the nodose ganglion indicated
      that all labeled fibers in the esophagus and cardia originated from sensory
      neurons in the nodose ganglion. Electron microscopy revealed that labeled vagal
      sensory terminals related to myenteric ganglia were mostly large, mitochondria
      rich profiles located predominantly on the surface of the ganglia. Specialized
      membrane contacts connected sensory terminals with other unlabeled profiles
      possibly derived from intrinsic neurons. The polarity of these contacts suggested
      the vagal sensory terminals to be presynaptic to intrinsic neurons of the
      myenteric ganglia. A hypothesis is formulated postulating a mechanoreceptive role
      for 'myenteric' vagal sensory terminals, providing both the brainstem (via the
      vagus nerve) and, by synaptic action upon intrinsic neurons, the myenteric plexus
      with information on tension and motility of the esophagus and cardia.

PMID- 3693804
TI  - Adrenergic modulation of gastric stress pathology in rats: a cholinergic link.
AB  - The effects of some adrenergic drugs were evaluated on cold restraint-induced
      gastric ulcers in rats. The beta-adrenergic antagonist, (+/-)-propranolol (1 and
      10 mg/kg), as well as the beta-agonist, isoproterenol (0.05 and 0.5 mg/kg)
      potentiated the gastric pathology. On the other hand, the alpha-agonist,
      clonidine (0.5 mg/kg) attenuated and the alpha-antagonist, yohimbine (1 mg/kg)
      aggravated stress ulcer development. The anticholinergic agent, atropine
      methylnitrate (1 mg/kg), reduced both the frequency and severity of stress ulcers
      and also antagonized the potentiating effects of (+/-)-propranolol, isoproterenol
      and yohimbine. The results suggest a cholinergic role in the adrenergic
      modulation of gastric stress pathology.

PMID- 3693805
TI  - [Cilioretinal infarction and retinal vein occlusion].
AB  - Twenty cases of central vein occlusion associated with cilio-retinal infarction
      were studied. The following observations were made: the venous occlusion is
      mostly secondary to the central venous occlusion of the trunk itself (only one
      case of main branch occlusion). It is always an occlusion either on papillo
      phlebitis or oedematous capillaropathy. In most cases, the evolution is benign,
      but in very few cases it is forwards is ischemic capillaropathy. Cilio-retinal
      infarction is secondary to the occlusion of one or several cilioretinal arteries
      which are not always involved. Injection of the cilioretinal artery is usually
      delayed in fluorangiography, sometimes there is a typical ebb and flow.
      Preretinal new vascularization may appear in case of persistent ischemia of a
      large cilioretinal territory. Functional prognosis depends first of all upon the
      location of the infarcted territory relative to the foveola. Pathogenesis of this
      association remains unclear, cilioretinal arterial and venous involvements are
      concomitant and interdependent, the cilioretinal occlusion seems to be connected
      with the decrease of the capillary perfusion pressure which is secondary to
      retinal venous occlusion.

PMID- 3693806
TI  - [Fluorophotometry by instillation. I. Flow of the aqueous humor and corneal
      endothelial permeability].
AB  - Among various fluorophotometric methods performed on the anterior segment,
      topical administration of fluorescein was developed. This local administration
      allows to measure the aqueous humor flow and the permeability of the corneal
      endothelial. The examinations are performed on a computerized fluorophotometer:
      the Fluorotron Master. This fluorophotometer has been designed to accurately
      measure fluorescein's concentrations into the eye and especially in aqueous humor
      and cornea. Anterior chamber adapter magnifies the scan for detailed work in the
      anterior chamber and lens. The Fluorotron is supplied with a cuvette holder and a
      cuvette which is adapted to the optical head for measuring the concentration of
      fluorescein in blood plasma or in buffered aqueous samples. A good linearity was
      obtained between the meter readings and the concentrations of fluorescein in
      phosphate buffer with pH 7.4, within the range between 1 ng and 1000 ng. Based
      upon the mathematical analysis of Yablonski the method by fluorescein
      instillation is simple and safe and gives the loss coefficient, ko, of the dye
      from the anterior chamber, the aqueous humor flow, F, and the endothelial
      transfer coefficient kc.ca. Calculations were carried out on twenty one normal
      eyes yielding average values for F 2.97 +/- 0.93 microliter.min-1 (Mean +/- S.D.)
      and for kc.ca 4.02 +/- 0.40. 10(-1) min-1. These values are comparable to those
      of other authors.

PMID- 3693807
TI  - [Fluorophotometry by instillation. II. Effect of beta-blocker eyedrops in the
      normal subject].
AB  - The effects of various drugs on the human aqueous humor flow were studied by the
      fluorophotometric method of Yablonski (topical fluorescein instillation). The
      effect of the beta-adrenergic blocker (Timolol) on aqueous humor flow and on
      intra-ocular pressure has been studied in ten normal eyes on the Fluorotron
      Master. We found that the acute decrease in intra-ocular pressure was equal to
      1.39 +/- 0.44 microliter.min-1 for the Timolol treated eyes, and equal to 2.79 +/
      0.57 microliter.min-1 for the untreated eyes (Placebo). The difference between
      Timolol and Placebo was statistically significant (Student t-tested, and Wilcoxon
      W-tested). The fluorophotometric method is superior to the tonographic method by
      giving a more favorable condition to study the facility of outflow in steady
      physiological state. Our results are in good agreement with other authors and
      show Timolol to have little or no effect on the facility of outflow.

PMID- 3693808
TI  - [Stabilization of the laser on the target. Scanning photocoagulator: the SLC
      (scanning laser coagulator)].
AB  - When lasers are used to cause burns on the retina they necessitate systems of
      great precision especially in the posterior pole. Different possibilities are now
      offered. The best one is based on the intensification of the same laser beam used
      for the observation in the Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope: S.L.O. when it is at a
      point selected from the angiogram, converting this machine into a Scanning Laser
      Coagulator: S.L.C.

PMID- 3693809
TI  - [Dural fistula between the middle meningeal artery and cavernous sinus discovered
      in ophthalmology].
AB  - The authors report case of a dural arterio-venous fistula fed exclusively by the
      external carotid artery.

PMID- 3693810
TI  - [Soft contact lenses and the corneal epithelium: experimental study with the
      scanning microscope].
AB  - Thick contact lenses 0.70 mm, of 30% water content, base curve 7.2 mm, power
      1,18.00 D, have been fitted to rabbit eyes. After 35 minutes the alterations of
      the corneal epithelium have been studied using the electronic microscope. The
      following alterations have been noticed: an increased desquamation in superficial
      epithelial cell was observed, this detachment was observed only in the surface
      layer of the corneal epithelium, the number of medium and dark epithelial cells
      was more important and a significant decrease in microvilli was noted. The study
      demonstrated in vivo changes in surface cells in rabbit corneal epithelium under
      an hydrophilic contact lens. These alterations may play a role in the
      pathogenesis of some clinical problems in patients with soft contact lens.

PMID- 3693811
TI  - [Course of retinopathy in premature infants treated by cryopexy].
AB  - Beneficial effect of cryopexy on 180 degrees to 360 degrees of avascular retina
      was demonstrated in 7 prematurely born infants (14 eyes) affected with advanced
      retinopathy of prematurity. Intravitreous new vessels were present in all eyes
      before treatment. The treatment of one eye was supplemented with scleral
      indentation. Only one of the treated eyes went on unfavourably with retrolental
      fibroplasia and consecutive loss of visual acuity. We believe that cryopexy, when
      administered promptly, when limited to the avascular zone, and when supplemented
      with scleral indentation in cases with important vitreous traction, is a valuable
      treatment with fewer risks than unchecked evolution for advanced cases of
      retinopathy of prematurity.

PMID- 3693812
TI  - [A classification of allergic conjunctivitis].

PMID- 3693813
TI  - Therapy for depression.

PMID- 3693814
TI  - Supporting community elderly.

PMID- 3693815
TI  - Health status perceptions affect health-related behaviors.

PMID- 3693816
TI  - Nomenclature: what is in the name, "gerontic nursing"?

PMID- 3693817
TI  - Healing mind and body: a holistic perspective.

PMID- 3693818
TI  - Paradoxical inward rib cage motion during rapid eye movement sleep in infants and
      young children.
AB  - In neonates, rib cage motion on inspiration during rapid eye movement sleep is
      almost exclusively paradoxical. We wondered whether or not duration of
      paradoxical inward rib cage motion on inspiration during rapid eye movement sleep
      decreases in infancy and early childhood. Thirteen healthy infants from 7 to 31
      months of age were tested during natural afternoon naps. Electroencephalogram,
      electrooculogram and electromyogram were all recorded. Airflow was measured by
      nasal and buccal thermistors, abdominal and rib cage anteroposterior diameters by
      magnetometers. Transcutaneous partial pressure of O2 was monitored. Diaphragmatic
      electromyographic activity was recorded using surface electrodes. The average
      total sleep time was 138 min ranging from 107 to 186 and rapid eye movement sleep
      time amounted to 15% of total sleep time ranging from 6 to 25. During rapid eye
      movement sleep, the total duration of paradoxical inward rib cage motion was
      measured and expressed as a percentage of rapid eye movement sleep time. We found
      that duration of paradoxical inward rib cage motion during rapid eye movement
      sleep decreased significantly with age (r = -0.66, P less than 0.02) which may be
      explained by the changes in chest wall compliance and geometry of the rib cage
      occurring with growth. We observed no decrease in transcutaneous partial pressure
      in O2 during paradoxical inward rib cage motion during rapid eye movement sleep
      in infants in contrast to that reported in neonates.

PMID- 3693819
TI  - Circadian variation of rectal temperature in newborn sheep.
AB  - In adult animals, body temperature shows a 24 h rhythm that is endogenously
      generated. We examined the existence of 24 h rhythms of temperature in 10 newborn
      sheep. Four newborns, aged 5 to 28 days were kept with their mothers under
      nycthemeral conditions, and the remaining 6 lambs, aged 21 to 43 days, were kept
      with their mothers in constant light from day 3 after birth. Experiments were
      performed with both groups of lambs in the laboratory. Additional experiments
      were performed with the 6 lambs kept under constant light while they were in the
      pen with their mothers to rule out artifacts due to manipulation or artificial
      feeding. During the experiments done in the laboratory, the lambs were kept
      blindfolded in a canvas sling and were fed baby formula approximately every four
      hours (lambs kept under nycthemeral conditions) or every hour (constant light
      lambs). Lights were on in the room during the whole experiment. Temperature in
      the room was maintained at 18 +/- 0.1 degrees C (mean +/- SEM). In the
      experiments done in the pen, animals remained with the mother and room
      temperature was not controlled. In all experiments, rectal temperature was hourly
      measured for 24 h with a thermocouple inserted in the lamb's rectum and connected
      to a Philipp Schenk digital recorder. Lambs kept under nycthemeral conditions
      show a variation of mean rectal temperature (t degree) with a period of 24 h,
      that fits a cosine function (P less than 0.001): Rectal t degree (degree C) =
      40.6 + 0.4 cos [15 (t-16.22)]. The mesor is 40.6, the amplitude 0.4, and the
      acrophase expressed in h is 16.22 (n = 4). Lambs kept under constant light show a
      variation of rectal temperature with a period of 24 h, independently of whether
      the measurements were done in the laboratory or in the pens. The acrophases
      varied widely in these animals, when the acrophase were synchronized so theta =
      2400, mean rectal temperature showed a variation with a period of 24 h that fits
      the equation (P less than 0.001): Rectal t degree (degree C) = 39.5 + 0.18 cos
      [15 (t-0.23)]. The presence of a 24 h rhythm of rectal t degree in lambs kept
      under nycthemeral conditions, and its persistence in lambs kept under constant
      light suggests that the rhythm of rectal temperature observed in the newborn lamb
      is a true circadian rhythm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3693820
TI  - The effect of short-term sleep fragmentation produced by intense auditory stimuli
      on the arousal response to upper airway obstruction in lambs.
AB  - Upper airway obstruction is recognized to cause apnoea in newborns as well as in
      adults. However, very little is known about factors that influence the arousal
      response from sleep during upper airway obstruction in newborns. Experiments were
      therefore done to investigate the effect of short-term sleep fragmentation on the
      arousal response to upper airway obstruction in six lambs aged 8 to 14 days. Each
      lamb was anaesthetized and instrumented for recordings of electrocorticogram,
      electro-oculogram, nuchal and diaphragm electromyograms and measurements of
      systemic arterial blood pressure and oxygen saturation (fiberoptic catheter
      oximeter). A tracheostomy was done and a fenestrated tracheostomy tube placed in
      the trachea. Experiments were not done before the third postoperative day. During
      a study, a 5F balloon tipped catheter was inserted into the tube so that airflow
      could be obstructed by inflating the balloon. Measurements were made during 30 s
      control periods and during experimental periods of upper airway obstruction in at
      least three epochs of quiet sleep and active sleep in each animal. These
      measurements were made following a period of uninterrupted sleep and repeated
      following a 36-42 h period of sleep fragmentation. Sleep fragmentation was
      produced by 30 s of noise separated by 2 min of quiet. Sleep fragmentation
      produced small but statistically significant increases in the time to arousal and
      decreases in the haemoglobin oxygen saturation at arousal during upper airway
      obstruction in quiet sleep but not active sleep. However, these changes, although
      consistent, were small and are of questionable biological significance.
      Therefore, I believe it is unlikely that short-term sleep fragmentation per se
      significantly impairs the arousal response to respiratory stimuli in newborns.

PMID- 3693821
TI  - The effect of prolonged oligohydramnios on fetal lung development, maturation and
      ventilatory patterns in the newborn guinea pig.
AB  - We drained the amniotic fluid surrounding guinea pig fetuses between days 45 and
      65 of gestation (term is 67 days). The fetuses were delivered by Cesarean section
      and the impact of prolonged oligohydramnios on lung growth, maturation and
      postnatal ventilatory pattern was measured. Untouched littermate fetuses served
      as controls. Neither fetal body, liver nor brain weights were significantly
      affected by the experimental situation. When expressed in percent of control
      values, lung weight (63%), lung/body weight ratio (70%), lung volume (67%), total
      lung DNA content (63%) and lung DNA per gram of fetal weight (71%) were all
      significantly less following amniotic fluid drainage, confirming the diagnosis of
      lung hypoplasia. Disaturated phosphatidylcholine content per gram of lung tissue
      and total lung glycogen content were not affected by the procedure, indicating
      that the maturity of the hypoplastic lungs was not delayed. When measured 4 to 6
      hours after birth, tidal volume was significantly less (62%) and respiratory
      frequency was significantly more (137%); however, minute ventilation per unit of
      body weight was not significantly changed. This animal model of sublethal lung
      hypoplasia could become useful to study the potential for, and the kinetics of,
      postnatal catch-up lung growth about which little is known.

PMID- 3693822
TI  - Brainstem auditory evoked potentials in the fetal sheep, in utero.
AB  - We studied brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) in 8 fetal sheep in
      utero, ranging in gestational age from 105 to 142 days gestation (normal term 147
      days). We could not elicit BAEPs prior to 117 days of gestation. After this age
      rapid maturation was seen, with three discernible peaks observed prior to 120
      days and five peaks after 120 days. A significant (P less than 0.05) gestational
      age related fall in peak latencies and interpeak latencies was observed. The rate
      of stimulus presentation that could be tolerated without significant changes in
      wavepeak latency or amplitude also increased with advancing gestational age. In
      older fetuses (greater than 125 days), where a differentiated electrocorticogram
      (ECOG) was observed, differences were seen in latency and amplitude of several of
      the BAEP wavepeaks dependent upon the state. In high voltage ECOG states the
      amplitudes of wave IV and V were significantly (P less than 0.05) greater than in
      the low voltage ECOG state and the latencies of wave I, II and V were
      significantly (P less than 0.05) longer in low as compared to high voltage ECOG
      state. The BAEP, being obtainable over very short periods of time, appears to
      provide a useful indice of neural maturation for the sheep fetus in utero.

PMID- 3693823
TI  - The development of the somatosensory evoked potential in the unanaesthetized
      fetal sheep.
AB  - Somatosensory evoked potentials were recorded in utero from 13 chronically
      instrumented fetal lambs (97 to 148 days of gestation) following electrical
      stimulation of the upper lip or upper limb. Several clear and reproducible peaks
      were observed. Following upper lip stimulation, peaks were seen with mean peak
      latencies of 9, 13.2, 17.8, 21.3, 33.8 and 206 ms at a gestational age of 125
      days. Similar peaks, but of slightly later mean latencies, were seen following
      limb stimulation. These peaks demonstrated significant gestational age related
      falls in peak latencies (P less than 0.05). Several of the mid to late latency
      peaks, notably those occurring at 21.3, 33.8 and 206 ms, demonstrated changes (P
      less than 0.05) in both latency (longer in low voltage) and amplitude (reduced in
      low voltage) dependent on electrocorticographic state. Rate of stimulus
      presentation also had a significant effect on both amplitude and latency of
      several peaks (P less than 0.05) with this effect lessening with advancing
      gestational age. Evoked potentials can thus be successfully obtained from
      chronically instrumented fetal lambs and provide a useful indice for studies of
      neural maturation.

PMID- 3693824
TI  - Restriction of placental size in sheep enhances efficiency of placental transfer
      of antipyrine, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose but not of urea.
AB  - When placental growth is restricted, fetal growth is reduced but the fetal to
      placental weight ratio increases, suggesting that the efficiency of placental
      transfer may have increased. Therefore, placental transfer of antipyrine, 3-O
      methyl-D-glucose and urea was measured in control pregnant sheep and in sheep
      with restricted placental growth (pre-pregnancy excision of endometrial
      caruncles). Clearance of each decreased with placental weight but clearance of
      antipyrine and of 3-O-methyl-D-glucose per kg of placenta increased as placental
      weight decreased. The small placenta exhibited increased efficiency of flow
      determined transfer of antipyrine and of facilitated-diffusion transfer of
      glucose but not of passive transfer of the hydrophilic substance, urea. These
      compensatory changes should help to maintain oxygen and glucose to the fetus when
      the growth of the placenta has been limited by reduction of the number of
      placental attachment sites.

PMID- 3693825
TI  - Dupuytren's disease in women: evaluation of long-term results after operation.
AB  - A study of the long-term results after operation on 66 women (83 hands) with
      Dupuytren's disease showed that women are twice as likely as men to have a
      postoperative flare reaction. Why a flare reaction develops is uncertain. In this
      study, patients who had a carpal tunnel release at the time of operation for
      treatment of Dupuytren's disease or those who had an extensive fasciectomy, as
      opposed to removal of only the contracted tissue, were more apt to have a flare
      reaction. In addition, after operation, moderate or severe loss of finger flexion
      occurred in 35% of hands without a flare reaction and in 76% of those who had a
      flare reaction. This suggests that women having an operation for treatment of
      Dupuytren's disease are apt to have a worse result than men.

PMID- 3693826
TI  - Possible role of plasminogen activator content of the palmar nodules in
      recurrence of Dupuytren's contracture.
AB  - Increased amounts of plasminogen activator enzymes were found in the large
      Dupuytren's nodules in the so-called active phase of the disease. A prospective
      study in 15 patients who had operations investigated possible relationships
      between fibrinolytic capacity of the palmar nodules (assessed by the fibrin plate
      method) and the recurrence of contracture. There were substantial analogies and
      suggestive connections with the results of previous electron microscopic studies.
      Combined with the presence of myofibroblasts, the high increase of plasminogen
      activator enzymes in the fascial nodules may be regarded as a predictive marker
      for possible recurrence after surgical treatment of Dupuytren's contracture.

PMID- 3693827
TI  - Functional assessment of bilateral wrist arthrodeses.
AB  - We studied the functional results of 18 wrist arthrodeses in nine patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis. Objective evaluation included radiographic assessment,
      goniometer assessment of the upper extremity (UE), range of motion (ROM), grip
      and pinch strength, and the Jebsen-Taylor function test. Subjective evaluation
      consisted of a questionnaire that compared the upper extremity function of
      various activities of daily living preoperatively and postoperatively. The mean
      total range of motion for all patients was below normal on the dominant and
      nondominant sides, as was the average grip and pinch strength. Results of the
      Jebsen-Taylor test, compared with results of normal persons, were normal 38% of
      the time and abnormal 62% of the time. Subjective evaluation revealed
      postoperative improvement of the hand function in seven patients, whereas the
      function in two patients remained the same. Bilateral wrist arthrodeses does not
      seem to adversely affect function of the upper extremity in spite of abnormal
      grip strength and upper extremity range of motion.

PMID- 3693828
TI  - Attritional lesions of the wrist joint.
AB  - One hundred anatomic specimens of wrists were dissected to assess the incidence
      of perforations in the ligaments and triangular fibrocartilage of the wrist. The
      age of the specimen appeared to have a positive correlation with the incidence of
      perforations. There were no identifiable lesions in the wrists of specimens that
      were 45 years of age or younger. The incidence of perforations increased in
      specimens 60 years of age or older to 33% for the scapholunate interosseous
      ligaments, 27.6% for the lunotriquetral interosseous ligaments, and 27.6% for the
      disk of the triangular fibrocartilage of the wrist.

PMID- 3693829
TI  - Dorsal dislocation of the ulnar styloid and extensor carpi ulnaris tendon into
      the distal radioulnar joint: the empty sulcus sign.
AB  - Two cases of distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) disruption and diastasis secondary to
      distal radial fractures were associated with displacement of the ulnar styloid
      and extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) into the DRUJ. Both cases had a palpable empty
      ECU tendon sulcus. In one case surgical exploration revealed that the ulnar
      styloid, triangular fibrocartilage, and extensor carpi ulnaris tendon had
      dislocated into the DRUJ as a unit. The end result was good. In the second case
      lack of recognition and reduction of the ECU tendon and ulnar styloid led to
      persistent subluxation and diastasis. The end result was poor. Early recognition
      of the dislocation of the ulnar and ECU into the DRUJ and their significance may
      avoid poor results.

PMID- 3693830
TI  - Chronic ulnar wrist pain secondary to partial rupture of the extensor carpi
      ulnaris tendon.
AB  - An unusual case of symptomatic partial rupture of the extensor carpi ulnaris
      (ECU) tendon after trauma is described. The patient was successfully treated by
      surgical removal of a prominent ulnar ridge, debridement of the ECU tendon, and
      ECU subsheath reconstruction. Extensor carpi ulnaris subluxation and partial
      rupture should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a patient with
      chronic ulnar wrist pain.

PMID- 3693831
TI  - Traumatic avulsion of the tendon of extensor carpi radialis longus.
AB  - A case of isolated traumatic avulsion of the tendon of extensor carpi radialis
      longus (ECRL) is described. Surgical repair was attempted 12 days later, but an
      early contracture of the muscle was encountered. The tendon could not be pulled
      down to its insertion and was sutured side to side to the tendon of extensor
      carpi radialis brevis (ECRB). A year later the patient had residual weakness of
      wrist extension and hand grip. The likely cause of the early contracture of the
      muscle and the need for early and accurate reposition of extensor carpi radialis
      longus tendon are described.

PMID- 3693833
TI  - Ganglions of the wrist and digits: results of treatment by aspiration and cyst
      wall puncture.
AB  - In a prospective study, 87 carpal and digital ganglions were aspirated, multiply
      punctured, and digitally ruptured. Fifty percent of wrists and digits were
      immobilized for 3 weeks and 50% were mobilized early. Mean follow-up was 22
      months. Thirty-six percent (31/87) of all ganglions treated showed a successful
      outcome. Twenty-seven percent (16/60) of dorsal carpal, 43% (6/14) of palmar
      carpal, and 69% (9/13) of palmar digital ganglions did not recur. Immobilization
      significantly improved the results of treatment of dorsal carpal ganglions. Forty
      percent (12/30) of those in the immobilization group and 13% (4/30) of those in
      the early mobilization group had a successful outcome (p less than 0.05).

PMID- 3693832
TI  - The treatment of ruptures of multiple extensor tendons at wrist level by a free
      tendon graft in the rheumatoid patient.
AB  - We report the results of the treatment of multiple ruptures of extensor tendons
      to the fingers at wrist level in the rheumatoid patient by free tendon grafts.
      Twenty-three patients averaged 65 degrees of active motion at the
      metacarpophalangeal joints when seen at an average follow-up of 43 months.

PMID- 3693834
TI  - The genesis of Kienbock's disease: evaluation of a case by magnetic resonance
      imaging.
AB  - We describe a patient in whom, despite normal initial radiographs, tomograms,
      bone scan, and magnetic resonance imaging, Kienbock's disease developed without
      the patient suffering an intercurrent injury. This case suggests that Kienbock's
      disease may not always develop acutely after a single injury but may have a more
      gradual onset.

PMID- 3693836
TI  - Classification of 578 cases of congenital upper limb anomalies with the IFSSH
      system--a 10 years' experience.
AB  - There were 578 patients with more than 728 congenital anomalies of the upper limb
      seen in our center over a 10-year period. All anomalies were classified with the
      system recommended by the International Federation of Societies for Surgery of
      the Hand (IFSSH). Our results differ from other reported series with group III
      duplication anomalies being most common (35.9%) followed by group II (31.3%);
      group I (12.2%); group VII (9.3%), group VI (6.5%), group V (4.3%), and group IV
      (0.5%). Variations among different ethnic groups are significant although some
      apparent differences can also result from different patient referral patterns and
      method of classification. The classification adopted by the IFSSH was found to be
      practical in the majority of cases. However, difficulties were encountered in the
      classification of multiple anomalies; group VII cases and the complex spectrum of
      atypical cleft hand, brachysyndactyly, and transverse arrests. In addition, many
      common anomalies had not been included in the classification.

PMID- 3693835
TI  - Correlation of clinical and radiographic findings in Kienbock's disease.
AB  - Radiographic and clinical findings were reviewed in 50 patients with Kienbock's
      disease. In 40 patients the clinical and radiographic findings were complete
      enough to allow correlation of findings. Measurements were made from radiographs
      in an attempt to quantify the anatomic substrate of Kienbock's disease and to
      determine which radiographic measurements might be helpful in predicting the
      course and prognosis of the disease. The measurements included ulnar variance,
      radial slope, carpal index, carpal angle, combined cortical thickness, optical
      density, radial slant, scapho-lunate angle, lunate deformation quotient, and the
      radiographic stages modified from Stahl. These measurements were correlated with
      patient's history, age at onset of disease, range of motion, and grip strength.
      Relevant anatomic factors were ulnar variance and the radial slope. The best
      radiographic features for correlation with loss of motion and grip strength were
      the lunate deformation quotient and, to a lesser extent, the carpal index. None
      of the radiographic measurements were very strongly correlated with the clinical
      findings.

PMID- 3693837
TI  - Nonoperative treatment of camptodactyly.
AB  - Twenty-four patients with camptodactyly of their small fingers were treated with
      a dynamic splint. Most of the patients could extend the proximal interphalangeal
      (PIP) joints within a few months by using the dynamic splint 24 hours a day.
      After almost full extension of the proximal interphalangeal joint was achieved,
      splinting for 8 hours a day produced good final results. However, after the
      splint was removed, contracture tended to recur. Although further studies are
      needed to determine the optimum termination of treatment, in our opinion it
      should be when the growth plate is closed, and longitudinal growth of the finger
      no longer occurs.

PMID- 3693838
TI  - Proliferative fasciitis of the hand in a child.
AB  - Proliferative fasciitis is unusual in the hand and is particularly unusual in
      young children. The histology of this benign process can be confusing, and it may
      be differentiated from a sarcoma. The proper treatment is local excision.

PMID- 3693839
TI  - Arthroplasty of the ulnar carpometacarpal joints.
AB  - Fracture-dislocation of the ulnar carpometacarpal (CMC) joints may result in
      malunion or arthropathy when it is missed or inadequately treated. Partial
      resection arthroplasty of the ulnar CMC joints was done in 16 patients to treat
      malunion subsequent to dorsal fracture-dislocation. This procedure is recommended
      as a reliable means of treatment that preserves the important motion on the ulnar
      side of the hand.

PMID- 3693840
TI  - Complex dorsal dislocation of the second carpometacarpal joint.
AB  - Isolated dislocation of the carpometacarpal joint of the index finger is a rare
      injury. This paper reports a case of an isolated dorsal dislocation of the second
      carpometacarpal joint not reducible by closed means. At open reduction, the
      extensor carpi radialis brevis was found to be interposed in the joint, blocking
      reduction.

PMID- 3693841
TI  - Irreducible palmar dislocation of the distal interphalangeal joint of the finger.
AB  - A case of irreducible palmar dislocation of the distal interphalangeal (DIP)
      joint is reported. The cause of irreducibility was an entrapment of the extensor
      tendon in front of the head of the middle phalanx.

PMID- 3693842
TI  - Subcondylar fossa reconstruction for malunion of fractures of the proximal
      phalanx in children.
AB  - Subcondylar fractures of the proximal or middle phalanx occur at the neck of the
      phalanx, usually as a result of a crush injury, and almost exclusively in the
      pediatric age group. The distal fragment rotates dorsally and the degree of
      displacement may be misjudged if a true lateral radiograph is not obtained. If
      malunion occurs, there is a block to flexion. Subcondylar fossa reconstruction by
      removal of bone through a palmar approach removes this bony block. Three patients
      are presented in whom this procedure allowed an average increase in flexion of
      41.7 degrees.

PMID- 3693843
TI  - Toxic shock syndrome complicating surgery of the hand.
AB  - An unusual wound manifestation associated with toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is
      reported. The patient fulfilled all four major criteria for TSS and demonstrated
      involvement of the gastrointestinal, muscular, and renal systems. Rapid
      resolution of the symptoms was associated with wound drainage, fluid therapy,
      steroids, and broad spectrum antibiotic coverage.

PMID- 3693844
TI  - Mycoplasma infection of the hand acquired from a cat.
AB  - Mycoplasmas, the smallest known organism capable of a free existence, have been
      recognized as human pathogens for 25 years. However, a soft tissue cellulitis
      caused by a mycoplasma has never been reported in a human subject. This case
      report of a mycoplasma infection of the hand acquired from an infected cat
      describes the clinical presentation, operative findings, mycoplasmology, and
      treatment of this infection.

PMID- 3693845
TI  - Mycobacterium kansasii osteomyelitis of the scaphoid.
AB  - A 31-year-old man was found to have a diffuse infection of the wrist and
      osteomyelitis of the scaphoid caused by Mycobacterium kansasii. The 3-year delay
      in establishing the diagnosis is characteristic of hand infections caused by
      atypical mycobacteria. We treated the patient surgically and with antituberculous
      chemotherapy. This is the only case of M. kansasii osteomyelitis of the scaphoid
      recorded in the medical literature.

PMID- 3693846
TI  - Intraosseous ganglion of the distal ulna.
AB  - A patient with wrist pain and cystic changes of the ulnar head is presented. This
      x-ray finding has not previously been reported in patients without rheumatoid
      arthritis. At the time of operation a tear of the triangular fibrocartilage was
      present.

PMID- 3693847
TI  - Spontaneous rupture of the extensor pollicis longus tendon.
AB  - An extensor pollicis longus tendon, ruptured after treatment of a giant cell
      tumor of the distal radius by packing the cavity with polymethylmethacrylate
      cement. The lack of extension was treated successfully with tendon transfer of
      the extensor indicis proprius to the extensor pollicis longus. Pathophysiology of
      the rupture is discussed.

PMID- 3693848
TI  - Anatomy of the sural nerve complex.
AB  - The anatomy of the sural nerve complex in 20 cadaveric limbs was determined by
      dissection. The nerve usually consists of four named components: the medial sural
      cutaneous nerve, the lateral sural cutaneous nerve, the peroneal communicating
      branch, and the sural nerve. In most instances (80%), the sural nerve is formed
      in the distal portion of the leg by the union of the medial sural cutaneous nerve
      and the peroneal communicating branch. In 20% of cases, the peroneal
      communicating branch is absent. In such cases, the sural nerve is derived from
      the medial sural cutaneous nerve alone. The lateral sural cutaneous nerve is
      laterally situated and usually divides into medial and lateral branches. In a few
      cases, its medial division may contribute to the sural nerve through the peroneal
      communicating branch. The peroneal communicating branch can be of substantial
      caliber and may be useful as a source of nerve graft without complete sacrifice
      of the sural nerve. We describe a technique of isolation of the peroneal
      communicating branch for use as a nerve graft.

PMID- 3693849
TI  - Capping the wire.

PMID- 3693850
TI  - Osteoid osteoma of the lunate.

PMID- 3693851
TI  - Palmar basal cell carcinoma.

PMID- 3693852
TI  - Interscalene block to the brachial plexus.

PMID- 3693853
TI  - Load transfer characteristics of the wrist. Part I. The normal joint.
AB  - A static positioning frame allows the positioning of unembalmed human upper
      extremities in any combination of wrist flexion/extension, radio/ulnar deviation,
      and pronation/supination. Pressure-sensitive film (Fuji) was used to study the
      contact areas, scaphoid-lunate area ratios, average high pressures, centroid
      positions, and intercentroid distances of five wrist joints under a uniform load
      of 103 Newtons (N) in 36 different positions. The contact areas accounted for
      only 20.6% of the available joint surface. They shift from a primarily palmar
      location to a primarily dorsal location when the wrist changes from flexion to
      extension. Overall the scaphoid contact area was 1.47 times that of the lunate
      and was generally greatest with the wrist in ulnar deviation. The scapho-lunate
      contact area ratio increased as wrist position changed from radial to ulnar
      deviation and/or from flexion to extension. For the constant load of 103 Newtons
      the high pressure averaged 3.17 megapascals (MPa). The scaphoid and lunate high
      pressure centroids shifted palmar when wrist position changed from 20 degrees of
      flexion to 20 degrees of extension and then shifted dorsal with further extension
      of the wrist. The intercentroid distance averaged 14.91 mm and ranged from 10 to
      20 mm.

PMID- 3693854
TI  - Load transfer characteristics of the wrist. Part II. Perilunate instability.
AB  - An experimental model with a static positioning frame, pressure-sensitive film
      (Fuji), and a microcomputer-based video digitizing system, previously developed
      by the two senior authors, was used in this study to examine the effects of
      increasing perilunate instability on the load transfer characteristics of the
      wrist. These effects included a significant dorsal ulnar shift of the scaphoid
      centroid with increasing perilunate instability together with a less dramatic
      palmar ulnar shift of the lunate centroid. Overall, the scaphoid contact area was
      found to decrease as the stage of perilunate instability increased, even in ulnar
      deviation and/or extension, which in the normal wrist was found to be the
      positions that had the greatest scaphoid contact area. Average pressures in the
      high pressure zones were found to significantly increase in wrists with a stage
      III instability compared with normal wrists. An increase in the intercentroid
      (scaphoid/lunate) distance was most evident with the wrist in 20 degrees
      extension, neutral radioulnar deviation, and 90 degrees supination.

PMID- 3693855
TI  - Intratendinous ruptures of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon of the small
      finger.
AB  - Ten patients had spontaneous ruptures of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon
      involving the small finger. All ruptures occurred at work with the hand engaged
      in resisted flexion. Seven patients were treated by surgical means, four patients
      by direct repair, two by tendon transfer, and one by tendon graft. The ruptures
      were intratendinous occurring just distal to the A2 pulley in two patients, in
      the palm in four, and in the carpal canal in one. A pathologic condition to
      explain the tendon ruptures was not found on gross inspection or subsequent
      histologic examination. The seven patients treated by surgical means achieved
      satisfactory results. Follow-up averaged 52 months. Three patients did not have
      surgical repair and they have been followed-up for an average of 16 months. The
      results of direct repair within 1 week of rupture were superior to the results of
      late reconstruction.

PMID- 3693856
TI  - Transscaphoid fracture/dislocations treated with open reduction and Herbert screw
      internal fixation.
AB  - Six cases of dorsal transscaphoid perilunate fracture/dislocations and two cases
      of palmar transscaphoid lunate fracture/dislocations were treated by open
      reduction and internal fixation of the scaphoid with a Herbert screw.
      Supplemental Kirschner wire stabilization of the carpus was also used in the two
      cases of palmar transscaphoid lunate fracture/dislocation. All patients were
      male, with an average age of 23.6 years. The follow-up averaged 18.9 months. A
      clinical evaluation scoring system assessing pain, ability to function in an
      occupation, range of motion, grip strength, and radiographic appearance of the
      wrist was used. Based on this system the scoring of the six cases of dorsal
      transscaphoid perilunate fracture/dislocations that were treated was three
      excellent, one good, and one fair result, while the scoring of both palmar
      transscaphoid lunate fracture/dislocations showed poor results.

PMID- 3693857
TI  - Effect of oral propranolol on splanchnic oxygen uptake and haemodynamics in
      patients with cirrhosis.
AB  - In order to elucidate the effect of beta-adrenergic blockade on liver metabolism
      and haemodynamics, splanchnic oxygen uptake, hepatic removal of indocyanine green
      (ICG) and splanchnic and systemic haemodynamics were studied in 13 patients with
      cirrhosis before and 1.5-2 h after an oral dose of 80 mg propranolol. All
      patients underwent hepatic vein catheterization and had a primed continuous
      intravenous infusion of ICG. Azygos vein catheterization was performed in six
      patients. Splanchnic (hepatic-intestinal) oxygen uptake (median control 68 ml/min
      vs. beta-blockade 56 ml/min, P less than 0.01), azygos venous oxygen saturation
      (76 vs. 67%, P less than 0.05), ICG clearance (263 vs. 226 ml/min, P less than
      0.01), wedged-to-free hepatic vein pressure (16 vs. 13.5 mm Hg, P less than
      0.01), hepatic blood flow (1.18 vs. 0.78 l/min, P less than 0.01), cardiac index
      (3.42 vs. 2.53 l/min . min 2, P less than 0.01), and heart rate (72 vs. 56 beats
      per min, P less than 0.01) decreased significantly after oral beta-blockade. The
      hepatic extraction ratio of ICG increased significantly (0.32 vs. 0.45, P less
      than 0.01), whereas estimated 'intrinsic' ICG clearance (289 vs. 300 ml/min,
      n.s.), arterial blood pressure, stroke volume, and systemic vascular resistance
      remained essentially unchanged. The results indicate that besides the well-known
      cardiovascular effects of propranolol, beta-adrenergic blockade may also reduce
      hepatic metabolic functions as evidenced by the significantly decreased
      splanchnic oxygen uptake. The raised hepatic extraction ratio of ICG may be
      caused by reduction in hepatic blood flow as well as in intrahepatic shunting.

PMID- 3693858
TI  - Naloxone does not alter haemodynamics in cirrhosis. Studies in humans and rats.
AB  - In order to test the hypothesis that endogenous opioids may mediate some of the
      circulatory derangements in cirrhosis, we studied the haemodynamic effects of
      naloxone, an opioid antagonist, in patients and in a rat model of biliary
      cirrhosis. In 9 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and 5 control patients without
      significant liver disease, cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance, mean
      arterial pressure, heart rate, hepatic venous pressures and O2 content, hepatic
      and azygos blood flows and serum catecholamines were measured before and 30 min
      after naloxone 3.2 mg i.v. bolus. No significant changes were observed in either
      group of patients. Similarly in 16 conscious rats, 8 sham-operated and 8 with
      cirrhosis due to bile duct ligation, cardiac output, systemic vascular
      resistance, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and splanchnic organ blood flows
      were measured by radioactive microspheres, before and 20 min after naloxone 1
      mg/kg i.v. bolus. No significant changes were observed in either group. We failed
      to detect any evidence that endorphins are involved in tonic haemodynamic control
      in cirrhosis.

PMID- 3693859
TI  - Non-invasive evaluation of portal-systemic shunting in man by D-sorbitol
      bioavailability.
AB  - Portal-systemic shunting is an important circulatory abnormality in patients with
      cirrhosis. This study explores the potential of the natural polyol D-sorbitol as
      test compound for non-invasive assessment of shunting. Ten normal subjects, 10
      patients with cirrhosis and 12 cirrhotics with surgical portacaval shunts were
      studied after oral and intravenous administration of a 2 g dose of sorbitol. As
      measured by the H2 breath test, removal from the intestinal lumen was complete in
      both groups. Bioavailability of sorbitol, calculated as ratio of the areas under
      the plasma concentration/time curve after p.o. and i.v. administration, was zero
      in normal subjects, 0.29 +/- 0.15 in cirrhotic patients, and 0.38 +/- 0.11 in
      patients with portacaval shunts. Calculation of bioavailability on the basis of
      urinary outputs of sorbitol gave similar results. It is concluded that the
      bioavailability of sorbitol reflects portal-systemic shunting, although the
      relatively low figures suggest some degree of sorbitol metabolism by enterocytes.

PMID- 3693860
TI  - Effects of propranolol and sucralfate on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage
      in chronic portal hypertensive rats.
AB  - In a rat model of chronic portal hypertension we studied ethanol-induced gastric
      mucosal damage and the effects of pretreatment by propranolol and sucralfate.
      Susceptibility to ethanol was increased in chronic portal hypertensive rats
      compared with sham-operated rats (55 +/- 8% vs. 25 +/- 4%). Both acute
      pretreatment (10 min) and chronic pretreatment (3 weeks) with propranolol reduced
      gastric mucosal injury induced by ethanol in portal hypertensive rats, compared
      with saline-treated rats. Acute and chronic pretreatment with propranolol had no
      protective effect in sham-operated rats. In portal hypertensive rats, sucralfate
      in two different doses (500 and 125 mg/kg) protected the gastric mucosa against
      ethanol-induced gastric injury compared with animals receiving saline (2 +/- 1%
      and 3 +/- 2% vs. 25 +/- 3%). Sucralfate at the higher dose did not reduce portal
      pressure in portal hypertensive rats. We conclude that: (1) chronic portal
      hypertension increases ethanol-induced gastric damage; (2) acute and chronic
      propranolol treatment reduces ethanol-induced gastric injury in portal
      hypertensive rats, probably by decreasing portal hypertension; (3) sucralfate has
      a cytoprotective effect in portal hypertensive rats without reducing portal
      pressure. These results suggest a potential application of sucralfate in patients
      otherwise treated by sclerotherapy.

PMID- 3693861
TI  - Effects of lumbar sympathetic block on kidney function in cirrhotic patients with
      hepatorenal syndrome.
AB  - We studied the effects of unilateral lumbar sympathetic block on kidney function
      in eight patients with cirrhosis and hepatorenal syndrome. In five patients with
      basal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) below 25 ml/min, sympathetic block induced
      a significant increase in GFR, osmolal clearance, urinary sodium excretion,
      fractional excretion of filtered sodium (FENa) and effective renal plasma flow
      (ERPF) and a decrease in plasma renin activity. In the three patients with basal
      GFR greater than 25 ml/min, sympathetic block produced no significant change in
      renal function. We conclude that sympathetic block might improve renal function
      in cirrhotics with hepatorenal syndrome, particularly those with more impaired
      GFR.

PMID- 3693863
TI  - Kupffer cell depletion associated with capillarization of liver sinusoids in
      carbon tetrachloride-induced rat liver cirrhosis.
AB  - Rats were made cirrhotic by carbon tetrachloride inhalation associated with
      phenobarbital in the drinking water over 10 weeks. After a 1-week recovery period
      a 99mTc sulphur colloid radioisotope scan of the liver was carried out on each
      animal following bolus injection into the iliac vein. Kupffer cells were then
      histologically identified by one of three methods: colloidal carbon uptake, iron
      staining after ferritin-dextran, or endogenous peroxidase staining. The degree of
      liver injury was classified into four pathological groups and these were
      correlated with the phagocytic capacity of each liver as recorded on the isotope
      scan. All three histological markers demonstrated that in normal liver, Kupffer
      cells are more plentiful in periportal areas. In cirrhotic liver, there were very
      few Kupffer cells in nodular regenerative areas, where continuous capillaries are
      found, but Kupffer cells were present in the remaining more normal trabecular
      sinusoidal areas. Morphometric counting of carbon- and ferritin-labelled Kupffer
      cells demonstrated a significant decrease in cirrhotic livers. A close
      correlation was also found between increasing degree of liver injury and
      diminished hepatic phagocytic capacity, as demonstrated by the radioisotope scan.
      The study demonstrates that where regenerative liver is capillarized, with
      replacement of fenestrated sinusoids, Kupffer cells are absent.

PMID- 3693862
TI  - A morphological study of the early stages of hepatic fibrosis induced by low
      doses of dimethylnitrosamine in the rat.
AB  - Hepatic fibrosis has been induced in rats by low doses of dimethylnitrosamine
      (DMN) and special attention has been paid to early morphological events. DMN (10
      microliter/kg body wt., i.p.) was given 3 days a week for 3 weeks to Sprague
      Dawley rats. Liver samples were taken on days 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 and examined
      by light and electron microscopy. Hemorrhagic necrosis, mainly centrolobular, was
      evident on day 7, with disruption of the sinusoidal lining, and widening or
      disappearance of the spaces of Disse invaded by erythrocytes and lymphocytes.
      Large granular lymphocytes similar to pit cells were also present in close
      contact with hepatocytes. At day 14, fibrotic septa were associated with cells
      bearing 'transitional' features between those of lipocytes, myofibroblasts and
      fibroblasts. Hepatocytes showed foci of increased smooth endoplasmic reticulum,
      and altered sinusoidal and canalicular membranes. At day 21, all animals showed
      nodularity of the parenchyma, with evidence of micronodular cirrhosis associated
      with ascites in two animals. At day 35 (19 days after cessation of treatment)
      there was little residual inflammation, but well-defined micronodules were still
      present in all animals. This shows that, in the rat, 3-week treatment with a low
      dose of DMN produces micronodular cirrhosis following diffuse hemorrhagic
      necrosis without steatosis. The response of the animals was uniform and
      reproducible. Lesions of the sinusoidal wall and of membranes of liver cells
      associated with the inflammatory reaction appeared prominent.

PMID- 3693864
TI  - Recombinant alpha 2c-interferon therapy in fulminant viral hepatitis.
AB  - Recombinant alpha 2c-interferon was administered to 12 consecutive patients with
      fulminant viral hepatitis. The disease was caused by coinfection by HBV and HDV
      in seven patients, by HDV superinfection of a chronic HBV carrier in two, by HBV
      alone in two and by HAV in one. Eight patients were drug addicts. Interferon
      administration was initiated shortly after the onset of hepatic encephalopathy
      and no patient was in grade IV coma at the beginning of therapy. Ten patients
      died and only two survived. One of the survivors was an asymptomatic HBV carrier
      superinfected by HDV in whom treatment with interferon for 3 months did not
      prevent the development of chronic delta infection and liver cirrhosis. These
      results show that alpha 2c-interferon does not have significant therapeutic value
      in fulminant viral hepatitis, particularly if it is caused by HDV.

PMID- 3693865
TI  - The use of the visual evoked potential (VEP) in delineating a state of
      subclinical encephalopathy. A comparison with the number connection test (NCT).
AB  - Visual evoked potential determinations and the number connection test were
      performed for 49 patients with stable chronic liver disease and portal
      hypertension but without clinical evidence of hepatic encephalopathy. The
      latencies of the evoked potential components N2, P2 and N3 were significantly
      prolonged compared to the controls. Seven patients had a prolonged N2, 10 had a
      prolonged P2, and 14 patients had a prolonged N3 latency. Only five of these
      patients had increased theta activity of the electroencephalogram. When age norms
      were applied, the number connection test was significantly prolonged only in the
      16-36-years age group. It is concluded that the visual evoked potential
      identifies a group of patients with neurophysiological abnormalities and may be
      useful in identifying those at risk of developing overt encephalopathy.

PMID- 3693866
TI  - Sludge and stones in gallbladder after pregnancy. Prevalence and risk factors.
AB  - The prevalence of sludge and stones in the gallbladder of 298 women in the
      immediate post-partum period was ultrasonographically assessed. We have
      investigated some risk factors for the development of sludge or stones in these
      patients and followed up most of these patients by ultrasonography to detect the
      presence of sludge and/or stones in the year following their discovery. We found
      sludge in 80 (26.2%) and gallstones in 16 (5.2%) of these patients. Age, obesity
      and months of oral contraceptive use were risk factors only for the presence of
      gallstones. After 1 year of follow-up only 2 out of 45 patients with sludge but
      13 out of 15 patients with gallstones still had abnormal ultrasonographic
      findings.

PMID- 3693867
TI  - Plasma-serum differences in the assessment of tricyclic antidepressant blood
      levels.
AB  - Concomitant plasma and serum tricyclic determinations were performed on 20
      patients chronically administered imipramine (N = 10), amitriptyline (N = 10),
      desipramine (N = 10), and nortriptyline (N = 10). Plasma levels for these
      tricyclic antidepressants were significantly greater than the corresponding serum
      levels. Plasma-serum differences for the secondary amines (DMI/NT) were more than
      twice those for the tertiary amines (IMI/AMI). The authors thus suggest that
      clinicians and investigators specify the specific source of blood sample when
      assessing blood levels of the secondary tricyclic antidepressants.

PMID- 3693869
TI  - Plasma prolactin and fluphenazine concentrations in patients receiving
      fluphenazine decanoate: stability over injection intervals.
AB  - Plasma prolactin and fluphenazine concentrations were measured in a group of 17
      patients (9 males, 8 females) with schizophrenia who were receiving chronic
      treatment with fluphenazine decanoate. Neither measure was significantly
      correlated with clinical effect, as measured by the Brief Psychiatric Rating
      Scale, at any of the 5 pre-injection times examined. None of the measures showed
      statistically significant (P greater than 0.05; MANOVA) variations with time.
      Neither measure showed a significant correlation with the dose (expressed as
      mg/kg) of fluphenazine. The implications of the study for monitoring chronic
      treatment of schizophrenia are discussed.

PMID- 3693868
TI  - Correlates of early neuroleptic response using a uniform haloperidol dose.
AB  - Twenty-one patients hospitalized for acute non-organic psychosis were treated
      with a fixed daily dose of haloperidol (0.2 mg/kg) for 10 days. Serum levels of
      haloperidol were significantly lower in the male patients at steady state as
      compared to females. Serum levels at 24 h and 48 h were highly correlated steady
      state levels. Haloperidol levels at steady state were significantly correlated
      with global outcome at 10 days. Prolactin at haloperidol steady state was
      significantly related to global outcome at 10 days in the males. Pretreatment
      plasma free HVA but not MHPG was significantly related to outcome in males and
      females.

PMID- 3693870
TI  - Application of an individually predicted dosage of amitriptyline to the treatment
      of depression.
AB  - The treatment of depressed patients with a fixed dose of amitriptyline is
      compared to treatment with an individualized dose calculated by means of a simple
      pharmacokinetic test. Clinical response and the development of side-effects are
      compared between the two groups of patients. Although the numbers in the groups
      were small, the clinical results lend little support to the concept of a
      therapeutic range of plasma drug concentrations for amitriptyline, and none of
      the plasma concentrations was high enough to produce serious toxic effects. No
      obvious clinical advantage was observed in the predicted dose treatment group as
      assessed by a reduction in depression ratings. The dose prediction test did
      however more than halve the variance in blood drug concentrations, and its
      usefulness in preventing high and potentially toxic concentrations is
      indisputable.

PMID- 3693871
TI  - The psychomotor effects of single and repeated doses of hypnotic benzodiazepines.
AB  - Benzodiazepine hypnotics are used for short periods in low doses in healthy
      people when stressed and in patients with insomnia. This study examined
      psychomotor impairment in healthy young males and females after 1 and 7 nights of
      flunitrazepam (1 mg), nitrazepam (2.5 mg) and temazepam (10 mg). There were
      substantial inter-individual variations. Results showed that no drug
      significantly affected psychomotor performance at these doses after single or
      repeated administration. The number and severity of side-effects were
      significantly greater after the first night with temazepam and 7 nights with
      nitrazepam, although this may reflect a statistical artefact rather than a
      significant clinical finding. The difficulties in performing adequately
      controlled psychopharmacological studies at low doses are highlighted. Given the
      large intra- and inter-subject variances, small drug effects would necessitate
      large sample sizes (21 to 600 subjects at the 95% level of chance of detection)
      depending on the variable. The study suggests there is minimal impairment with
      low dose hypnotic drugs and a need to individualize treatment.

PMID- 3693872
TI  - Vinpocetine effects on cognitive impairments produced by flunitrazepam.
AB  - The effects of pre-treatment with vinpocetine 40 mg, on flunitrazepam-induced
      impairment of memory, were studied in 8 normal volunteers. Tests of Critical
      Flicker Fusion Threshold, a Sternberg Memory Scanning Task, along with subjective
      ratings of drug action were used. Drug effects were found to be modest. Treatment
      with vinpocetine was associated with improvements in short-term memory processes.

PMID- 3693873
TI  - Myoclonic movements as a side-effect of treatment with therapeutic doses of
      clomipramine.
AB  - Myoclonic movements have been observed in depressed patients receiving
      therapeutic doses of clomipramine. Such movements, which appear in states of deep
      muscular relaxation such as sleep, do not appear to have any repercussion in the
      outcome of the depression and are reversible following withdrawal of the drug. In
      this study the plasma levels of clomipramine and desmethylclomipramine were
      determined and their possible relationship with myoclonus studied. No
      statistically significant relationships were found.

PMID- 3693874
TI  - Are there ethnic differences in lithium pharmacokinetics and side-effects?
AB  - Possible ethnic differences in the pharmacokinetics of lithium carbonate were
      systematically examined in Caucasian and Afro-Caribbean volunteer subjects under
      standardized conditions. The two groups did not differ with regard to weight, age
      or renal function. Rates of absorption were similar, but there was a non
      statistically significant trend towards more rapid distribution and elimination,
      smaller area under the serum curve and greater urinary excretion in the Caucasian
      group. There were no differences in side-effects. The results support the view
      that ethnic differences in blood levels found with other psychotropic drugs are
      due to altered drug metabolism and suggest that lithium pharmacokinetic data
      derived from Caucasian subjects can be safely extrapolated to Afro-Caribbean.

PMID- 3693875
TI  - Antidepressants and galactorrhoea.
AB  - Several antidepressants have been reported to produce hyperprolactinaemia, with
      or without galactorrhoea. We report a case of galactorrhoea associated with
      dothiepin and discuss the effects of a subsequent change in antidepressants.

PMID- 3693877
TI  - Heart disease and diabetes: deadly link uncovered.

PMID- 3693876
TI  - Indications and preparation for aeromedical transport.

PMID- 3693878
TI  - Preliminary results of epilepsy surgery at Indiana University Medical Center.

PMID- 3693879
TI  - Adult Haemophilus influenzae meningitis.

PMID- 3693880
TI  - Clostridium septicum: spontaneous myonecrosis.

PMID- 3693881
TI  - Aeromonas hydrophila wound infection associated with myonecrosis and gas
      gangrene.

PMID- 3693882
TI  - How alcoholic employees can get help.

PMID- 3693883
TI  - Dis-continuity of care and the 'near miss' phenomenon in the practice of
      medicine.

PMID- 3693884
TI  - Sail, don't drift. Jack Valancy's management notes for physicians.

PMID- 3693885
TI  - Cardiovascular clues in the diagnosis of poisoning.

PMID- 3693886
TI  - Radiology clinic. Arm pain and weakness.

PMID- 3693887
TI  - Percutaneous drainage of intra-abdominal and retroperitoneal abscesses.

PMID- 3693888
TI  - Diagnosis of annular pancreas by computed tomography: case report.

PMID- 3693889
TI  - CT-guided aspiration biopsy using the E-Z-EM needle.

PMID- 3693890
TI  - Scanning electron microscopical observations on retina cells in culture.
AB  - In cell cultures of the retina from 10 days old chicken embryo photoreceptors,
      bipolar neurons, synaptic contacts, and supporting cells of Muller were
      demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the longer the
      cells survive in culture media they form constantly growing cell aggregates.
      After 12 days in vitro large multilayered cell complexes covered by an
      epithelioid cell layer had developed. Merely at the border of such aggregates
      typical retinal cells could be observed. The occurrence of a dense epithelioid
      cell layer covering the aggregate of neuronal cells is interpreted as a general
      adaptational reaction of the cells to the long lasting survival under in vitro
      conditions.

PMID- 3693891
TI  - Modifications in cortical ependyma of the lizard, Podarcis hispanica, during
      postnatal development.
AB  - The ependymal surface, cell number, cell size and cell density were measured in
      adult and neonatal exemplars of the lizard, Podarcis hispanica. The ependymal
      monostratified surface increases with age, while that of sulcal areas decreases
      and the ependymocyte number remains constant. The mitotic activity found in the
      neonatal sulcal areas could explain the postnatal increase of neuronal number
      described for the cerebral cortex of the studied species.

PMID- 3693892
TI  - Distribution of visual callosal projection neurons in the siamese cat: an HRP
      study.
AB  - In this experiment we studied the distribution of callosal cells in various
      visual cortical areas of both common and siamese cats using the HRP method. The
      results showed that the most notable difference between the two strains concerned
      the primary visual areas. Indeed, labeling in areas 17 and 18 was significantly
      lower in siamese cats and only a few scattered cells were encountered at the
      17/18 border. In general, the number of callosal cells forming interhemispheric
      connections within areas 17, 18 and the 17/18 border was dramatically reduced in
      the siamese. For all other visual areas (19, lateral suprasylvian subdivisions,
      20 a, b and 21 a, b) the distribution was comparable for both species. A study of
      the laminar distribution indicated that, for common and siamese cats, medium and
      large pyramidal cells were mainly concentrated in layers III and IV whereas in
      deeper layers we found a mixture of small pyramidal and fusiform neurons.

PMID- 3693893
TI  - A morphological study of the neostriatum of aged mice with particular reference
      to neuroglia.
AB  - The most prominent feature of the aged mouse neostriatum is the presence of large
      vacuoles. Careful inspection showed that these are vacuolated myelin sheaths and
      are invariably found in, or at the periphery of, the nerve fibre bundles which
      traverse the neostriatum. Oligodendrocytes showed little evidence of ageing but
      satellite oligodendrocytes contain more lipofuscin than oligodendrocytes
      associated with myelin sheaths. Most astrocytes contain pigment-prominent
      lipofuscin granules but a small minority contain numerous large pigment
      lipofuscin granules, and are packed with microfilaments and glycogen granules. A
      few astrocytes have circular nuclear inclusions filled with a fine granular
      material. Microglial cells contain the largest amount and variety of lipofuscin;
      in most cases, however, the lipofuscin is of the lipid-pigment type.

PMID- 3693894
TI  - Parabrachial nuclear complex in the rat (nuclei parabrachiales and nucleus
      Koelliker-Fuse). Detailed cytoarchitectonic division and connections compared.
AB  - Cresyl violet- and thionin-stained sections of the rat brain stem were used to
      study the cytoarchitectonics of the parabrachial nuclear complex consisting of
      nuclei parabrachiales and ncl. Koelliker-Fuse. As suggested by comparisons of the
      cytoarchitectonic structure and connections, the parabrachial nuclei can be
      divided into the following independent subnuclei: dorsalis (D), dorsomedialis
      (DM), dorsolateralis (DL), interstitialis (I), lateralis (L), ventralis (Ve) and
      medialis (M). According to conventional nomenclature, D, DM, DL, I and L are
      parts of ncl. parabrachialis lateralis (or dorsalis), while M and Ve belong in
      the ncl. parabrachialis medialis (or ventralis). Cytoarchitectonically, the
      Koelliker-Fuse nucleus can be divided into the pars oralis and pars caudalis. The
      cytoarchitectonic division and the position of afferent cells for specific target
      structures are in very good agreement while permitting comparisons of
      experimental findings in different animals with differently formed subnuclei. In
      the Discussion section, the hitherto known connections of the parabrachial nuclei
      complex are cross-referred to the relevant subnuclei.

PMID- 3693896
TI  - Course and origin of the crossed parabigeminotectal pathway in rat. A retrograde
      HRP-study.
AB  - The contralateral efferent connections of rat parabigeminal nucleus (pbgn) were
      studied by means of retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) after
      focal HRP injection into the superior colliculus (SC), the optic tract, the
      dorsal part of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd) and the lateroposterior
      nucleus of the thalamus (LP). The cells of origin of crossed parabigeminotectal
      pathway in the medial pbgn are divided into two morphologically distinct
      subgroups, which project in a different way to the SC. A group of larger cells
      (mean soma diameter about 16 micron) project to the contralateral SC running over
      the LP. A crossed parabigemino-LP pathway could not be excluded. The axons of
      smaller neurons of the medial pbgn (mean soma diameter about 12 micron) run over
      the contralateral LGNd to the SC or there exists even a small parabigemino-LGNd
      pathway. These differences are suggested as a hint for parallel wiring from pbgn
      to the SC in rat.

PMID- 3693895
TI  - Comparison of brain structure volumes in Insectivora and primates. VII.
      Amygdaloid components.
AB  - Volumes of the amygdaloid complex (AMY) and some subdivisions were measured in 2
      species of Macroscelidea, 39 species of Insectivora, 3 species of Scandentia, 18
      species of prosimians, 26 species of simians and man. Changes in the relative
      size from Insectivora through man (expressed by size indices) showed a definite
      tendency to increase in the cortico-basolateral subdivision (LAM) and more or
      less constant relations in the centromedial subdivision (MAM), except for the
      nucleus tractus olfactorii lateralis (NTO), which becomes distinctly reduced. The
      reduction of NTO is even stronger than that of the main olfactory bulb (BOL),
      which in simians and man is small but distinct, whereas NTO is hardly
      recognizable in most of these forms. In the LAM group the size increase of the
      large-celled part of the basal nucleus (MCB) is less than that of the small
      celled components (including the lateral nucleus). The differences between LAM
      and MAM groups are discussed with regard to the predominant fiber connections,
      which in MAM are stronger with conservative brains parts (brainstem), and in LAM
      with progressive brain parts (e.g. neocortex).

PMID- 3693897
TI  - Cerulenin is a potent inhibitor of antigen processing by antigen-presenting
      cells.
AB  - Cerulenin is an antibiotic that inhibits eukaryotic lipid and sterol synthesis
      and blocks lipid modification of proteins. The effect of cerulenin on the ability
      of accessory cells to present antigen to T cells was investigated. This
      antibiotic strongly inhibits the ability of accessory cells to present antigen to
      murine T-T hybrids. This effect is observed for multiple distinct antigens
      including L-glutamic acid60-L-alanine30-L-tyrosine10, bovine insulin, L-glutamic
      acid56-L-lysine35-L-phenylalanine9, and ovalbumen. Presentation by both
      macrophage and B lymphoblastoid cell lines is inhibited. The ability to
      effectively pulse these cells with antigen is inhibited but not the ability of
      these same cells to present antigen that they have previously processed.
      Furthermore, this inhibition is selective as it can occur without significant
      inhibition of the antigen-presenting cell protein or DNA synthesis. Cerulenin
      does not inhibit antigen uptake or catabolism as assessed with labeled antigen.
      By these criteria this drug is shown to interfere with an antigen-processing
      step. The ability of cerulenin to block processing was compared with other known
      inhibitors. Although cerulenin was effective with all antigens tested, at least
      one inhibitor was not. Taken together, these results suggest that the effect of
      cerulenin may define a distinct step in antigen processing and provides evidence
      that some other processing events are not universally required. The ability of
      cerulenin to interfere with antigen processing is discussed in the context of the
      known actions of this antibiotic and events of antigen processing and
      presentation.

PMID- 3693898
TI  - Peyer's patches export lymphocytes throughout the lymphoid system in sheep.
AB  - The lymphocyte output from small intestine containing either the long continuous
      ileal Peyer's patch (PP) or several smaller jejunal PP was examined in young
      lambs. Most studies were done in 2-mo-old lambs, 1 mo after removal of mesenteric
      lymph nodes (MLN). Extracorporeal perfusion of part of the intestine and addition
      of fluorescein isothiocyanate to the perfusate led to the labeling, in their
      normal microenvironment, of a regionally defined population of cells. One day
      later considerable numbers of emigrant lymphocytes were identified by
      fluorescence microscopy in the spleen, MLN and peripheral lymph nodes, jejunal
      PP, and bone marrow. In nonperfused ileal PP and thymus the labeling indexes were
      low. The highest labeling index was in the blood where 3.7% of the lymphocytes
      were labeled. A similar organ distribution of emigrant cells was found on day 3.
      When MLN were included in the perfused region more emigrants were identified. In
      some animals the intestinal lymphatic draining the perfused ileum was cannulated.
      Continual lymph drainage caused a dramatic decrease in the labeling indexes in
      other lymphoid organs. A substantial number of lymphocytes leave both ileal PP
      and jejunal PP via lymphatics and travel to all other lymphoid organs. However,
      the number of emigrant lymphocytes compared with the total number of labeled
      lymphocytes in the perfused tissue was about 10 times greater after perfusing gut
      with the jejunal PP than after ileal PP perfusion. We conclude that relatively
      more lymphocytes emigrate from the jejunal PP than from the ileal PP.

PMID- 3693899
TI  - Immunochemical studies of Lolium perenne (rye grass) pollen allergens, Lol p I,
      II, and III.
AB  - It was reported earlier that human immune responses to three perennial rye grass
      (Lolium perenne) pollen allergens, Lol p I, II, and III, are associated with
      histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR3. Rye-allergic people are often
      concordantly sensitive to all three of these allergens. Since earlier studies
      suggested that these antigens are non-cross-reactive, their immunologic
      relatedness by double antibody radioimmunoassay (DARIA) was studied in order to
      understand further the immunochemical basis for the concordant recognition of the
      three allergens. Direct binding DARIA studies were performed with human sera from
      189 allergic subjects. Inhibition DARIA studies were carried out with 17 human
      sera from grass-allergic patients who were on grass immunotherapy, one goat anti
      serum, and six rabbit antisera. None of the sera detected any significant degree
      of two-way cross-reactivity between Lol p I and II, or between Lol p I and III.
      However, the degree of two-way cross-reactivity between Lol p II and III
      exhibited by individual human and animal antisera varied between undetectable and
      100%. In general, the degree of cross-reactivity between Lol p II and III was
      higher among human sera than among animal sera. Taken together with earlier
      findings that antibody responses to Lol p I, II and III are associated with HLA
      HDR3, and that most Lol p II and III responders are also Lol p I responders, but
      not vice versa, our present results suggest the following: the HLA-DR3-encoded Ia
      molecule recognizes a similar immunodominant Ia recognition site (agretope)
      shared between Lol p I and Lol p II and/or III; in addition, Lol p I appears to
      contain unique Ia recognition site(s) not present in Lol p II and III. However,
      further epitope analyses are required to investigate these possibilities.

PMID- 3693901
TI  - In vivo inhibition of neutrophil function in the rabbit using monoclonal antibody
      to CD18.
AB  - The CD11b/CD18 membrane antigen complex has been shown to be essential for normal
      neutrophil function in vitro, and patients lacking this antigen exhibit severe
      neutrophil dysfunction. Murine monoclonal antibody 60.3 (Ab 60.3), directed
      toward CD18, is a potent inhibitor of human neutrophil function in vitro. To
      determine whether Ab 60.3 might similarly inhibit neutrophil function in vivo, we
      measured the effect of antibody administration on neutrophil localization to
      polyvinyl sponges placed s.c., in rabbits. Studies in 25 animals showed that
      infusion of Ab 60.3 at the time of sponge insertion resulted in dose-dependent
      inhibition of in vivo neutrophil migration with almost complete paralysis of
      neutrophil migration at higher antibody doses. These studies confirm the
      functional relevance of CD18, demonstrate that neutrophil function can be
      profoundly inhibited in vivo by Ab 60.3, and suggest that substances such as AB
      60.3 may be clinically useful as potent anti-inflammatory agents.

PMID- 3693900
TI  - Prostaglandin E1 inhibits N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-mediated
      depolarization responses by decreasing the proportion of responsive cells without
      affecting chemotaxin-induced forward light scatter changes.
AB  - Hypaque-Ficoll-purified human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) equilibrated
      with the membrane potential-sensitive probe 3,3'dipentyloxacarbocyanine [di-O
      C(5)(3)] were incubated with buffer or cytochalasin B (cyto B) followed by
      incubation with prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) (0 to 10(-5) M) for 5 min at 37 degrees
      C. The cells were then stimulated with N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine
      (FMLP) (0 to 10(-5) M). Changes in forward light scatter (FWD-SC), 90 degrees
      scatter (90 degrees -SC), and fluorescence intensity were measured by flow
      cytometry to determine the effects of PGE1 on FMLP-induced shape change,
      secretion, and membrane potential responses, respectively. In other experiments,
      the effects of PGE1 preincubation on FMLP +/- cyto B and phorbol myristate
      acetate-induced (O2) production were measured by superoxide dismutase-inhibitable
      cyto c reduction. PGE1 had no direct effects on the FWD-SC, 90 degrees-SC, or
      resting potential fluorescence of unstimulated or cyto B-pretreated PMN. PGE1
      produced a dose-dependent inhibition of the proportion of depolarizing PMN in
      response to FMLP, which was maximal at 10(-6) M (42.1 +/- 6.9% inhibition, p less
      than 0.005), but was apparent at 10(-8) M. The PGE1-induced inhibition was
      maximal after 30 sec of incubation at 37 degrees C and was caused by a decrease
      in the maximal percentage of depolarizing PMN without a significant change in the
      FMLP dose-response curve (Km = 2.43 vs 3.62 X 10(-8) M, control vs PGE1-treated)
      or an inhibition in the degree of depolarization by the responding subpopulation.
      PGE1 also inhibited the loss of 90 degrees-SC induced by FMLP in cyto B
      pretreated cells (secretion response) (46.2 +/- 16.5% inhibition of the maximal
      90 degrees-SC loss, n = 5, p less than 0.005), but did not affect the increase in
      FWD-SC seen with FMLP-induced PMN activation or the ability of cyto B to recruit
      more PMN to depolarize. PGE1 also inhibited FMLP +/- cyto B-induced O2 production
      in a dose-dependent fashion; phorbol myristate acetate-induced O2 production was
      also slightly inhibited, but only at high PGE1 concentrations. The data indicate
      that PGE1 inhibits FMLP-induced cell activation by a mechanism that involves a
      step distal to the recruitment of unresponsive PMN by cyto B, and that PGE1 is
      capable of inhibiting depolarization responses without affecting FMLP-induced
      shape change, providing more support for a dissociation between the two
      activation pathways.

PMID- 3693902
TI  - Monoclonal antibody NMS-1 increases N-formyl chemotactic peptide-mediated
      oxidative burst generation in human neutrophils.
AB  - Murine monoclonal antibody (mAb) NMS-1 was generated which binds to the surface
      of living human neutrophils. The antigens on neutrophil plasma membranes
      recognized by mAb NMS-1 were solubilized in Nonidet P-40 and immunopurified on
      matrix-bound mAb NMS-1. mAb NMS-1 binds to four periodate-sensitive structures of
      70,000, 95,000, 140,000, and 170,000 Da on the plasma membrane surface of human
      neutrophils as was shown by Western blot analysis. Binding of mAb NMS-1 to human
      neutrophils induced a rapid transient rise in cytosolic free calcium (Quin 2
      fluorescence) but no detectable generation of reactive oxygen metabolites. The
      oxidative burst of N-formyl peptide-treated neutrophils, however, increased in
      the presence of mAb NMS-1. The kinetics of N-formyl peptide (N-formyl-norleucyl
      leucyl-phenylalanyl-norleucyl-tryrosyl-lysine; FNLPNTL)-mediated hydrogen
      peroxide formation (p-hydroxy phenyl acetate oxidation) in the presence of mAb
      NMS-1 was analyzed quantitatively. 1) When neutrophils were incubated with mAb
      NMS-1 before FNLPNTL addition, an increase in rate, magnitude, and duration of
      hydrogen peroxide formation was observed compared with controls which received no
      mAb NMS-1 treatment. After termination of the initial linear phase of response, a
      second transient linear phase of hydrogen peroxide formation was induced. This
      second phase of activation was not observed in neutrophils which received no mAb
      NMS-1 treatment. The onset of the response and latency before attainment of the
      initial linear rate of hydrogen peroxide formation was not changed by mAb NMS-1
      pretreatment. 2) When neutrophils were stimulated with FNLPNTL, the addition of
      mAb NMS-1--after termination of the FNLPNTL-induced response--without delay
      induced a second transient burst of hydrogen peroxide formation. Persistent
      activation of hydrogen peroxide formation by mAb NMS-1 in FNLPNTL-stimulated
      neutrophils was not observed.

PMID- 3693903
TI  - Production of tumor necrosis factor during murine listeriosis.
AB  - During a lethal murine infection with the gram-positive bacterium, Listeria
      monocytogenes, a factor appears in the serum that is capable of lysing certain
      tumor cells in vitro. The levels of this serum cytotoxic factor increase with the
      progression of morbidity. Neutralization of Listeria-induced cytotoxic factor
      activity with a monospecific antiserum to recombinant murine tumor necrosis
      factor (TNF) revealed that the cytotoxic factor was antigenically
      indistinguishable from natural TNF present in endotoxin-induced tumor necrosis
      serum. In contrast to a lethal infection, no TNF activity was detected in sera of
      mice throughout a sublethal infection. However, shortly after initiation of a
      sublethal infection, mice acquire a greatly enhanced capacity to produce serum
      TNF in response to an intravenous injection of endotoxin. Cultures of
      unfractionated spleen cells from mice with ongoing Listeria infections produced
      TNF when incubated in the absence, but not in the presence, of antibiotics.
      However, such antibiotic-treated cultures could be stimulated with endotoxin to
      produce substantially higher TNF yields than spleen cells of uninfected mice. It
      is also shown that intravenous infusion of anti-recombinant murine TNF IgG into
      sublethally infected mice results in increased Listeria proliferation in spleens
      and livers, and ultimately in death from an overwhelming infection.

PMID- 3693904
TI  - Preparation and characterization of copper-67 porphyrin-antibody conjugates.
AB  - Methods were developed to label antibodies with copper-67, a potentially useful
      medical radioisotope, using the porphyrin chelating agent N-benzyl-5,10,15,20
      tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl) porphine. The porphyrin was activated for coupling
      using either (1) 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide HCl and N
      hydroxysuccinimide or (2) 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole. The coupling reactions were
      optimized as a function of activation time, coupling time, coupling pH, and
      reagent concentrations to achieve maximum coupling to IgG monomer. Sodium
      dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to determine coupling
      yields. After purification by gel filtration, the antibody-porphyrin conjugates
      were labeled with copper-67 in aqueous solution. The coupling protocols were used
      to label antibodies from several species, demonstrating the general utility of
      these methods. Characterization of the conjugates indicated that the porphyrin
      label was attached randomly to the IgG molecule. Antigen binding capacities after
      conjugation were unaltered or slightly lowered as determined by a competitive
      ELISA.

PMID- 3693905
TI  - Lymphocyte proliferation and cytotoxic assays using flat-bed scintillation
      counting.
AB  - Lymphocyte 51Cr release and [3H]thymidine uptake assays were evaluated with
      respect to measurement of sample radioactivity using the flat-bed scintillation
      counter. 51Cr lysates were spotted onto a glass fibre filter sheet while
      [3H]thymidine-labelled cells were filtered onto a similar sheet using a cell
      harvester. The 96 samples were rapidly processed for counting, without removal of
      individual sample areas. Either form of preparation showed good linearity of
      count rate with the quantity of material on the filter. Reproducibility was good;
      the coefficient of variation for 96 samples being within 5%. The low background
      and high efficiency of this counter results in increased assay sensitivity and
      allows considerable economies in materials to be made. A commercial version of
      the counter has six counting heads permitting a high rate of sample throughput.

PMID- 3693906
TI  - Studies of serum-free culture medium in the generation of lymphokine activated
      killer cells.
AB  - Lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells administered in conjunction with
      recombinant interleukin-2 can mediate the regression of metastatic tumor in some
      patients with advanced cancer. In these trials LAK cells were activated in medium
      containing 2% human type A or AB serum. We have found three commercially
      available, serum-free culture media which allow development of in vitro LAK
      activity by human peripheral blood lymphocytes. They are AIMV (Gibco), MASF-3
      (Whitaker-MA Bioproducts) and HB-104 (Dupont). If 2-mercaptoethanol was added to
      these culture media they were also capable of generating murine LAK cells which
      were effective in reducing pulmonary metastases in the murine MCA-106 model.
      Although LAK cells generated in these media have not been tested in humans yet,
      potentially they could provide a safe, unlimited and less expensive source of
      culture fluid for generating the large numbers of LAK cells needed for human
      clinical trials.

PMID- 3693907
TI  - Production of syngeneic autoreactive monoclonal antibodies specific for isotypic
      determinants of IgE.
AB  - Methods are described for the production of syngeneic mouse anti-IgE monoclonal
      antibodies (mAb). Hybridomas were prepared by using spleen cells from mice
      immunized with a conjugate of keyhole limpet hemocyanin with monoclonal IgE.
      Serum titers varied from approximately 40 to 1000 micrograms/ml. The anti-IgE mAb
      were isolated by affinity chromatography on columns containing immobilized
      monoclonal IgE. The mAb are specific for isotypic determinants of IgE and do not
      react with other immunoglobulin isotypes. One of the mAb, which has a high
      affinity for IgE (Ka = 4.7 X 10(8) M-1), should be useful for studies of
      regulation of IgE. The applicability of the mAb to quantitative assays for IgE
      was demonstrated.

PMID- 3693908
TI  - Preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against the fifth
      component of rabbit complement (C5).
AB  - By immunizing mice genetically deficient in C5 we were able to obtain a group of
      monoclonal antibodies to rabbit C5 that cross-react with C5 from a wide variety
      of mammalian sera, including mouse. The specificity of the monoclonal antibodies
      was against native C5 and C5b but not C5a. The antibodies strongly inhibit the
      expression of C5 hemolytic activity. We suggest that these monoclonal antibodies
      will be useful for studying C5 as well as providing a way to selectively deplete
      C5 from plasma in vitro or in vivo.

PMID- 3693909
TI  - A new method for reduction of endotoxin contamination from protein solutions.
AB  - A method of reducing endotoxin contamination in protein-containing solutions is
      described here using a combination of polymyxin B-Sepharose 4B (PB-Seph 4B)
      affinity binding and endotoxin-protein dissociation with the dialyzable
      surfactant, octyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (OBDG). Using the limulus amoebocyte
      lysate (LAL) assay to detect endotoxin, greater than 1000-fold reduction of
      endotoxin reactivity could be accomplished from a contaminated commercial
      preparation of bovine catalase. Importantly, this occurred with only a 24%
      protein loss and an 11% loss of catalase enzymatic activity after treatment. The
      treated catalase appeared to be largely endotoxin-free since it no longer
      elicited a pyrogenic response in rabbits or primed for intravascular coagulation
      of the generalized Shwartzman reaction. Of interest, OBDG treatment of Salmonella
      minnesota Re595 lipopolysaccharide enhanced its ability to bind to serum high
      density lipoproteins which might contribute to decreased in vivo toxicity. In
      quantitative studies using radiolabeled endotoxin, the OBDG was shown to be
      capable of dissociating protein-bound endotoxin thereby facilitating its binding
      to the PB-Seph 4B adduct. The technique was also useful in removing radiolabeled
      endotoxin added to human IgG. The methodology described here would be expected to
      have general usefulness in reducing endotoxin contamination of macromolecular
      solutions that can bind and retain endotoxin.

PMID- 3693910
TI  - Hypertension.

PMID- 3693911
TI  - Physiology of hypertension.

PMID- 3693912
TI  - Pathogenesis of hypertension.

PMID- 3693913
TI  - Drug therapy of hypertension.

PMID- 3693914
TI  - Non-drug therapy in systemic hypertension.

PMID- 3693915
TI  - Surgery for hypertensive stroke.

PMID- 3693917
TI  - Clinical profile and management of hypertension.

PMID- 3693916
TI  - Problems of hypertension in pregnancy.

PMID- 3693919
TI  - Hypertension in the elderly.

PMID- 3693918
TI  - Pathogenesis of pregnancy induced hypertension.

PMID- 3693920
TI  - Genetic influence on the serum levels of naturally occurring human IgG antibodies
      to dietary antigens. Quantitative assessment from a twin study.
AB  - Serum IgG antibodies to ovalbumin (OA) and beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) were
      quantified by ELISA techniques in 22 monozygotic (MZ) and 24 dizygotic (DZ)
      healthy twin pairs. Antibody levels were comparable in the MZ and DZ groups both
      for anti-OA and anti-BLG antibodies. The genetic variance (GWT) was 0.167 for log
      IgG anti-OA antibodies, and 0.173 for log IgG anti-BLG antibodies, with
      heritability estimates of 0.44 and 0.37, respectively. No indication was observed
      of genotype-environmental interaction or differential environmental covariance
      for the log antibody levels in the MZ and DZ twins. The anti-OA and anti-BLG
      antibody levels in the same individual correlated only to a low degree. The
      levels of naturally occurring serum IgG antibodies are significantly influenced
      by genetic factors.

PMID- 3693921
TI  - A list of monoclonal antibodies specific for alloantigens of the rat.

PMID- 3693922
TI  - Aeromonas in the gut.

PMID- 3693923
TI  - Endotoxaemia, fever and clinical status in immunosuppressed patients: a
      preliminary study.
AB  - A prospective study was performed in order to find out whether endotoxaemia
      assays are clinically relevant in neutropenic patients. In a group of 10
      immunocompromised patients, serial haematological, bacteriological and clinical
      investigations were done in parallel with serial plasma endotoxin assays. The
      chromogenic modification of the Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) assay for
      endotoxin used in this study had a sensitivity of less than 10 pg endotoxin per
      ml plasma. It was found that endotoxaemia was associated with Gram-negative
      bacteraemia but infection with Gram-negative bacteria did not always produce
      endotoxaemia. Furthermore, infections with Gram-positive bacteria and
      administration of blood products may lead to raised endotoxin values. Endotoxin
      assays may be of value for elucidating mechanisms of fever in immunocompromised
      patients but it seems unlikely that routine assays of endotoxin will help in the
      clinical management of these patients.

PMID- 3693924
TI  - The measurement of C-reactive protein and immune complexes in endocarditis caused
      by coagulase-negative staphylococci.
AB  - Coagulase-negative staphylococci are a major cause of early endocarditis
      following the insertion of prosthetic heart valves but rarely cause endocarditis
      in natural valves. From a 2-year prospective study we report seven cases: six
      with endocarditis related to prosthetic valves and one with endocarditis related
      to a natural valve. Each isolate of coagulase-negative staphylococcus was
      identified biochemically (six Staphylococcus epidermidis; one Staphylococcus
      hominis) and characterised by bacteriophage typing. Six isolates were also
      examined for slime production and for extracellular toxins and enzymes: all
      produced toxin but enzyme and slime production was variable. Concentrations of
      immune complexes and C-reactive protein in the serum were measured in six of the
      patients. Our results suggest that measuring C-reactive protein may be useful but
      measuring immune complexes is not helpful and takes more time.

PMID- 3693925
TI  - Septicaemia with probable endocarditis caused by Kingella denitrificans.
AB  - A 59-year-old man developed septicaemia caused by Kingella denitrificans.
      Treatment was with ampicillin and an aminoglycoside. The illness was complicated
      by a cerebral embolus. An obvious source of infection was not found.

PMID- 3693926
TI  - Visceral leishmaniasis as an opportunistic infection in the acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome.
AB  - We describe the case of a woman aged 34 years infected with the human
      immunodeficiency virus and whose illness was complicated by visceral
      leishmaniasis that ultimately led to her death.

PMID- 3693927
TI  - Surgery in combined pulmonary and neural cryptococcosis.
AB  - A 39-year-old previously healthy patient with combined pulmonary and neural
      cryptococcosis was successfully managed by pulmonary resection and antifungal
      chemotherapy. The pulmonary mass was removed under cover of miconazole and 5
      fluorocytosine even though the patient had concomitant active meningitis. He
      recovered dramatically after the surgical procedure and remained well 2 years
      later. We suggest that, as in our patient, early removal of a pulmonary
      cryptococcal mass under antifungal cover may in other similar patients obviate
      the need for protracted antifungal therapy and lead to an excellent response of
      the neural cryptococcosis.

PMID- 3693928
TI  - Epidemiology of hepatitis B in Sweden.
AB  - All the cases of clinical hepatitis B reported in Sweden since 1969 have been
      studied. The 10-year period 1976-1985 has been analysed intensively. For
      comparative purposes, the study also includes the hepatitis cases reported in
      1962 and 1967. Serum hepatitis first affected young adults aged 15-24 years at
      the beginning of the 1960s. Cyclical outbreaks of hepatitis B due to transmission
      among drug abusers have been recognised since 1969. The disease was first
      observed in urban areas but later in rural parts of Sweden also. After 1976, a
      year in which outbreaks arose in various parts of Sweden, the numbers of
      hepatitis B cases decreased. In 1969, more than 50% of the cases reported as
      serum hepatitis concerned drug abusers. During the period 1976-1985, the main
      risk factor was drug abuse for between 20 and 52% of cases and sexual activity
      for between 8 and 28% of cases. Since 1969, 2-3% of cases annually have been
      related to blood-transfusion. In the last 5-year period, a total of 129 cases was
      reported among persons employed in the medical and dental fields. Of these, 59
      had non-occupational exposure. During the same period, 33 patients reported
      contacts with infected persons, mostly household contacts. Seventy five persons
      had been travelling abroad.

PMID- 3693929
TI  - Hypersensitivity to penicillins and cephalosporins in neutropenic patients with
      fever.

PMID- 3693930
TI  - Pneumococcal peritonitis related to an intra-uterine device.

PMID- 3693931
TI  - A study of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in general practice.

PMID- 3693932
TI  - [Percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Personal experience in 100 cases].
AB  - 100 reno-ureteric calculi have been treated by the same operator between April
      1984 and November 1986 by means of PCNL. 78 of them were greater than 1 cm in
      diameter, 15 were ureteric and 13 were staghorn calculi. 31 patients had already
      undergone at least one lumbotomy on the same side. The operation was always
      performed under general anaesthesia and fluoroscopic control and in 2 stages for
      the first 20 patients. The mean duration of irradiation was 13 minutes. Total
      success was obtained in 71 cases (including 10 of the 13 staghorn calculi). 18
      cases presented with residual stone debris, equal to or less than 3 mm in
      diameter in 8 cases. Complete failure was observed in 11 cases and the stone had
      to be removed surgically (4 cases) or by repeat PCNL (2 cases) or by ECL (5
      cases). 9 complications were inconsequential in 8 cases and never required a
      surgical operation, but 1 severe infection was almost fatal. There were no cases
      of nephrectomy or loss of renal function. The mean duration of hospital stay was
      7 days. 31 patients were lost to follow-up, including 26 without stones. The
      other 69 patients have been followed for 3 months to 2 years. 5 of the 45
      patients discharged from hospital without stones returned with a recurrence. Of
      the 24 patients with a residual stone fragment (less than 3 mm in diameter in 8
      cases), only 2 have eliminated it spontaneously and in 2 other patients the
      residual fragment has increased in size.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3693933
TI  - [Double-J ureteral catheter: a method without complications?].
AB  - Since 1978, 90 patients with hydronephrosis due to ureteral obstruction have been
      treated with indwelling double-J ureteral stents (104 Renoureteral units). In
      cases of temporary treatment (e.g. infected hydronephrosis) splints were left in
      situ between 1 week and 19 months (mean 15 weeks). If permanent ureteral
      splinting was necessary as a palliative measure (e.g. progressive carcinoma of
      pelvic organs) stents were left in situ 6 months up to 5 years (mean 16 months).
      Replacement of the indwelling double-J stents was carried out in 4 to 12 weeks
      intervals. The all-over complication rate was near 11% including kidney stone
      formation in 6 cases and septicaemia due to a clogged stents and pyonephrosis in
      3 cases. In two cases after pelvic radiotherapy severe hemorrhage occurred due to
      erosion of the commun iliac artery. The catheters had been left in situ for 28
      and 30 months. Relief of obstruction by indwelling ureteral stents in the
      majority of the patients can simply be achieved usually without severe technical
      problems. Nevertheless, a 11% complication rate require restriction to indication
      especially in cases of long term treatment and after radiotherapy. Urinary
      diversion by percutaneous nephrostomy is the method of choice to avoid
      disadvantage of indwelling ureteral splinting.

PMID- 3693934
TI  - [Endoscopic treatment of vesico-ureteral reflux].
AB  - Submucosal injection of Teflon for treatment of vesicoureteral reflux (the sting
      of O'Donnell) was used in 43 patients (66 ureters-21 bilateral cases). 14
      patients were on dialysis and reflux was diagnosed at medical evaluation during
      pretransplantation work-up; correction of reflux was indicated as a preparation
      for renal transplantation. In another group of 24 patients with normal renal
      function reflux appeared as a simple congenital abnormality. 5 patients had
      reflux secondary to TUR or ureteral reimplantation. The procedure was performed
      under general or epidural anesthesia. Ultrasound examination of kidneys was
      performed 24 hours after the procedure, cystography and UIV was performed after
      30, 100 days and one year. No ureteral obstruction were observed. In the first
      group of patients (on dialysis) correction of reflux was effective in 40% of
      cases. In the second group (congenital vesicoureteral reflux) correction was
      observed in 85% of cases (30/35 controlled cases). In the third group correction
      of reflux was observed in 83% of cases (5/6). Results in the first group of
      patients may be due to technical difficulties while injecting of Teflon in small,
      thickened sclerotic bladders. Though longterm results are still to be evaluated.
      The sting may be beneficial in patients on dialysis waiting for a renal
      transplant as it obviates the need for bilateral nephrectomy. In simple
      congenital reflux short and middle term results are excellent.

PMID- 3693935
TI  - [Role of lymph node cytopuncture in the evaluation of cancers of the prostate and
      bladder].
AB  - Lack of reliability of lymphography and morbidity associated with lymphadenectomy
      lead authors to use lymph node puncture-cytology in assessment of the state of
      the pelvic nodes in evaluating carcinomas of the bladder and prostate. 38
      patients were thus investigated (21 CA prostate and 17 bladder tumours). In 83%
      of cases the material collected was uninterpretable. Proof of a lymph node
      metastasis was obtained in 15 cases. 23 cases were further evaluated at surgery,
      confirming the absence of false positives. 3 false negatives would raise the
      question of the limitations of the method. The absence of complications would
      appear to justify this harmless method, with the potential of increasing its
      reliability by puncture of the majority of opacified nodes regardless of their
      radiological appearance.

PMID- 3693936
TI  - [Results of treatment of postoperative urinary incontinence in men by
      implantation of an AS 800 artificial sphincter. Apropos of 15 cases].
AB  - Fifteen men were treated for postoperative urinary incontinence by implantation
      of an AS 800 artificial sphincter between May 1984 and May 1986. Follow up for at
      least 6 months and in some cases for more than 2 years has shown perfect day and
      night continence in 11 of the 15 patients and almost perfect continence in the
      remaining 4 who consider nevertheless that their quality of life has been
      transformed. These findings plead in favor of the implantation of this type of
      material.

PMID- 3693937
TI  - [Results of the treatment and prevention of urinary stress incontinence by
      Bologna's operation in prolapse with voluminous cystoceles].
AB  - Bologna's operation to relieve stress incontinence in patients with large
      cystoceles uses two vaginal strips to form a subcervical sling. Of 60 patients
      treated in this way, urodynamic exploration was performed preoperatively in 83%
      and postoperatively in 50%, while 42% underwent lateral retention and pressure
      cystography. All patients presented at least a stage II cystocele and
      hysteroptosis, 47% a patent and 93% a potential stress incontinence and 40% a
      sphincter incompetence. Anatomic results were excellent: 77% of total relief and
      23% improvement in the cystoceles. Of greatest interest was efficacy against
      urinary incontinence: all patent stress incontinences were cured; none occurred
      after correction of cystocele, and only two cases of potential incontinence due
      to anatomic failure were observed. These good clinical results could be
      correlated with postoperative urodynamic exploration findings: the lack of
      persistent dysuria was related to the correction or even hypercorrection of the
      transmission anomaly without alteration of sphincter function. Paradoxically,
      images of pressure cystography showed elevation of the bladder neck in relation
      to symphysis pubis to be limited in extent. In 26% of cases the neck was in fact
      below this limit. These findings raise the question of the mechanism of re
      establishment of pressure transmission. Because of the simplicity of technic of
      Bologna's operation, its low morbidity and it very great reliability with respect
      to urinary results, this method is now practised routinely in cases of prolapse
      with marked cystocele and patent or potential stress incontinence, even in the
      presence of major sphincter incompetence.

PMID- 3693938
TI  - [Silastic spermatocele].
AB  - The study was carried out in two stages. An initial experimental study in the rat
      showed that it was possible to attach a spermatocele to the rat epididymus and to
      collect spermatozoa during the months that followed. The clinical trial involved
      the implantation of 8 spermatoceles in 5 male patients. The technic is simple, as
      predicted by the animal study but, as previously described by numerous other
      authors, the communication between epididymus and spermatocele is obliterated
      within several months. These findings confirm the possibility of use of a
      spermatocele that is well tolerated and of simple functioning, but which does not
      allow fertile spermatozoa capable of producing pregnancy to be obtained.

PMID- 3693939
TI  - [6th report on the standardization of terminology of the lower urinary tract
      function. Neurophysiological study methods, electromyography, studies of neural
      conduction, reflex latency, evoked potentials and sensory testing. Committee of
      Standardization of the International Continence Society, New York, May 1985].

PMID- 3693940
TI  - The antibacterial activity of the hemichordate Saccoglossus ruber
      (Enteropneusta).

PMID- 3693941
TI  - Ultrastructural effects of the Bacillus sphaericus mosquito larvicidal toxin on
      cultured mosquito cells.

PMID- 3693942
TI  - An Isonema-like flagellate (Protozoa: Mastigophora) infection in larval geoduck
      clams, Panope abrupta.

PMID- 3693943
TI  - Seasonal aspects of sarcomatous neoplasia in Mya arenaria (soft-shell clam) from
      Long Island Sound.

PMID- 3693944
TI  - Investigation of the possible role of hemocyte and parasite surface charge in the
      clearance of Trypanosoma rangeli from the insect hemocoel.

PMID- 3693946
TI  - Assessment of ELISA technique in the diagnosis of asymptomatic Toxoplasma
      infection.

PMID- 3693945
TI  - Rodents in relation to cutaneous leishmaniasis in North Sinai Governorate, Egypt.

PMID- 3693947
TI  - Studies on some developmental stages in the life cycle of Pygidiopsis genata
      Looss. 1907 (Trematoda: Heterophidae) from Egypt.

PMID- 3693948
TI  - Heterophyid parasites of man from Idku, Maryut and Manzala lakes areas in Egypt.

PMID- 3693949
TI  - Heterophyid metacercariae in the fish Tilapia sp. (Cichlidae) from Edku, Maryut
      and Manzala lakes in Egypt.

PMID- 3693950
TI  - A preliminary survey for intestinal and blood parasites among school children at
      Sana'a Governorate, Yemen.

PMID- 3693951
TI  - Effect of juvenile hormone analogue ZR-515 on the parasite, Nasonia vitripennis
      (Walker) via its host Chrysomyia albiceps (Wiedemann).

PMID- 3693952
TI  - Arthropod-ectoparasites of rodents trapped in Ismailia Governorate, Egypt.

PMID- 3693953
TI  - Molluscicidal activity of Fagonia cretica and Atriplex leucoclada.

PMID- 3693954
TI  - The effect of feeding and mating on the neurosecretory activity in female
      Hyalomma dromedarii synganglion (Acari: Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). I. Changes in
      neurosecretory cell types in semifed virgin and mated females.

PMID- 3693955
TI  - Heterophyids of some fresh water fish from Mansoura, Egypt.

PMID- 3693956
TI  - Effects of certain pesticides on the embryogenesis of Boophilus annulatus (Say).
      Ixodoidea. Ixodidae.

PMID- 3693957
TI  - Distribution and bionomics of Egyptian Culex antennatus (Becker).

PMID- 3693959
TI  - Laboratory studies on the biology and behaviour of Nasonia vitripennis (Walk.)
      (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) reared on Chrysomyia albiceps (Wiedemann) pupae.

PMID- 3693958
TI  - Leech infestation of man in Al-Taif, Saudi Arabia.

PMID- 3693960
TI  - Modifications in diagnosis and treatment of Enterobius vermicularis.

PMID- 3693961
TI  - Health hazards among agricultural workers in Sharkia Governorate.

PMID- 3693962
TI  - The effect of feeding and mating on the neurosecretory activity in female
      Hyalomma dromedarii synganglion (Acari: Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). II. Changes in
      neurosecretory cell types in fully engorged females.

PMID- 3693963
TI  - Activity of phenoxy terpenes as insect growth regulators against Musca domestica
      vicina and Chrysomyia albiceps (Cyclorrhapha: Diptera).

PMID- 3693964
TI  - Catalase activity and oxygen metabolism during metamorphosis of Musca domestica
      vicina (Muscidae, Diptera).

PMID- 3693965
TI  - Evaluation of serum choline esterase and albumin in bilharziasis.

PMID- 3693966
TI  - The class immunoglobulins versus the histological picture in cutaneous
      leishmaniasis.

PMID- 3693968
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of giardiasis by single dose of tinidazole.

PMID- 3693967
TI  - Helminth parasites from Egyptian freshwater fish: Paramasenia rifaati n. gen. and
      n. sp. (Trematoda Maseniinae Yamaguti, 1954).

PMID- 3693969
TI  - Plasma lipoprotein pattern and liver function tests versus histological picture
      in rats with experimental biliary obstruction.

PMID- 3693970
TI  - Detection of Leishmania antibodies in bats.

PMID- 3693971
TI  - Toxoplasma antibodies in commensal rodents in El Arish City, Egypt.

PMID- 3693972
TI  - Usefulness and potential pitfalls of sialic acid determination in sera of
      patients with ovarian tumors.
AB  - Increasing evidence in the literature indicates that serum sialic acid is
      increased in cancer patients suggesting a possible usefulness of its
      determination as a tumor marker. However there are many discrepancies in the data
      reported, probably due to methodological errors, mainly in lipid bound sialic
      measurement. In this paper we illustrate the results obtained when we applied a
      method worked out in our laboratory for the determination of total and
      fractionated sialic acid (lipid and protein bound) to the analysis of sera from
      patients with ovarian tumors and the preliminary data on the follow up of
      selected cases. The potential pitfalls in using this relatively new tumor marker
      will be critically evaluated.

PMID- 3693973
TI  - Structure and function of specialized cilia in the exocrine pancreas.
AB  - Cilia are found in acinar and ductular lumina. Most descriptions of human or dog
      pancreatic tissue have indicated that these are probably motile structures which
      move and/or mix pancreatic secretion. A recent study interpreted arrangements of
      microtubules within cilia which deviated from the classic 9 + 2 pattern as
      indicating pathological change. There have been suggestions, however, from
      studies on nonmammalian and human pancreas, that the structure of pancreatic
      cilia suggests a sensory function. The present paper reports studies on the
      ultrastructural organization of the specialized cilia in human and canine
      pancreatic tissue. The pattern of microtubular organization resembles that of
      cilia modified for chemoreception rather than that of classic kinocilia. It is
      concluded that pancreatic ductular cilia are sensory rather than motile,
      providing a mechanism for monitoring general or specific molecular
      concentrations.

PMID- 3693974
TI  - Dissociation between pancreatic enzyme secretory and synthetic dose-responses to
      cholecystokinin in man.
AB  - The effect of varying the intensity of pancreatic stimulation on the synthesis of
      human pancreatic enzymes has not previously been studied. We have measured the
      secretion and synthesis of pancreatic enzymes in response to either secretin
      alone (1 CU.kg-1.h-1) or secretion plus increasing doses of cholecystokinin (CCK)
      (0.25, 0.5 or 1.0 IDU.kg-1.h-1). Enzyme synthesis was measured using the
      incorporation of 75Se-methionine (0.15 mCi (5.6 kBq).kg-1.h-1) into the
      trichloracetic acid-insoluble fraction of the duodenal aspirate. Outputs of
      trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase and protein showed a bell-shaped dose response to
      increasing doses of cholecystokinin, with maximal outputs occurring in response
      to secretin plus cholecystokinin 0.5 IDU.kg-1.h-1. The rate of incorporation of
      75Se-methionine increased with increasing doses of cholecystokinin and was
      maximal in response to secretion plus cholecystokinin 1.0 IDU.kg-1.h-1. There was
      therefore dissociation between the secretory and synthetic responses to
      increasing doses of cholecystokinin.

PMID- 3693975
TI  - Ceruletide-induced acute pancreatitis in the dog and its amelioration by
      exogenous secretin.
AB  - Large pharmacological doses of ceruletide administered to conscious dogs by
      intravenous (i.v.) infusion uniformly induce a severe acute necrotizing
      pancreatitis within 4 h. High-dose i.v. secretin administered for a period of 24
      h after cessation of ceruletide infusion resulted in a significant amelioration
      of the acute pancreatitis compared to non-secretin-treated dogs with acute
      pancreatitis. Light microscopy of the pancreas in secretin-treated dogs revealed
      a significant decrease in edema, polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration, cell
      necrosis and acinar cell vacuolization. Serum amylase levels in secretin-treated
      dogs were significantly decreased compared to non-secretin-treated dogs. The
      results of this study suggest that high-dose i.v. secretin exerts a beneficial
      effect on pre-established, ceruletide-induced acute pancreatitis in dogs.

PMID- 3693976
TI  - Pathogenesis of pancreatitis: a unified concept.
AB  - The primary pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis is due to a low flow state
      mediated through the neurohumoral mechanisms. Ischemia of the microcirculation,
      combined with hormonal and other biochemical factors, produces destruction of
      cellular elements of the pancreas. These changes can be triggered by one or more
      stressors, including the psychic factor. Emotional stress may not only be
      responsible for an initial attack of pancreatitis (idiopathic) but must be
      considered, like any other stressor, to be responsible for exacerbations,
      relapses or chronicity of pancreatic disease.

PMID- 3693977
TI  - Hamster pancreas acinar cell post-differentiation antigen detected by murine
      monoclonal antibody.
AB  - For identification of hamster acinar cells, murine monoclonal antibodies to
      dispersed adult hamster acinar cells were developed. One of these, Ham-Acl, with
      strong affinity for a membrane-associated adult acinar cell antigen, was purified
      by HPLC, isotyped as IgG1 and used for the characterization of a species
      specific, immunoprecipitable post-differentiation antigen on adult acinar cells.
      This antigen of 98 kDa was identified on paraffin sections of adult hamster
      acinar cells by an indirect immunofluorescence technique. It was undetectable in
      fetal hamster pancreas, but was present on 2-week-old and older hamster acinar
      cells.

PMID- 3693978
TI  - Ex-vivo isolated perfusion of the pancreas in the Syrian golden hamster.
AB  - The technique of ex-vivo isolated pancreatic perfusion has been a valuable method
      for investigation of the physiology of the exocrine and endocrine pancreas. We
      have adapted the technique of isolated pancreatic perfusion for use in the Syrian
      golden hamster, an animal used widely in studies of pancreatic carcinogenesis.
      The technique involves surgical harvest of the pancreas with its aortic and
      portal venous blood supply intact and perfusion of the pancreas with a modified
      Krebs buffer at 37 degrees C. Physiological function of the perfused pancreas
      system was examined in 27 Syrian hamsters. In tests of endocrine function, the
      perfused pancreas responded by increasing insulin secretion within 1 min of
      elevating perfusate glucose concentration, and also secreted insulin promptly in
      response to 10 mM arginine. In exocrine studies, the flow of pancreatic juice was
      stimulated by the addition of 0.8 X 10(-9) M secretin to the perfusate, and
      amylase output was significantly increased by the addition of 0.2 X 10(-9) M
      cholecystokinin (CCK-8). The ex-vivo isolated perfused pancreas in the hamster
      thus appears to respond appropriately to physiological stimuli and is a valuable
      additional tool for studies of the hamster pancreas.

PMID- 3693979
TI  - Biochemical vitamin E deficiency in chronic pancreatitis.
AB  - In order to study the frequency of biochemical vitamin E deficiency in chronic
      alcohol-induced pancreatitis, we measured plasma vitamin E and total blood lipids
      in 44 patients with chronic pancreatitis and 83 control subjects (44 normal
      controls; 39 Crohn's disease controls). Mean plasma vitamin E and mean ratio
      vitamin E/total blood lipids, a more sensitive indicator of vitamin E status,
      were significantly lower in chronic pancreatitis when compared with either
      control group. A low vitamin E/total lipids ratio was found in 75% of patients
      with pancreatitis. Within the chronic pancreatitis group, mean plasma vitamin E
      and the ratio vitamin E to total lipids were significantly lower in those with
      steatorrhoea (23 patients--pancreatic steatorrhoea subgroup) than in those
      without (21 patients--pancreatic non-steatorrhoea subgroup). 91% of the
      pancreatic steatorrhoea subgroup had a low vitamin E/total lipids ratio. However,
      patients without pancreatic steatorrhoea also had significantly lower levels of
      plasma vitamin E and the ratio vitamin E/total lipids when compared to controls.
      We conclude that biochemical vitamin E deficiency is common in chronic alcohol
      induced pancreatitis, particularly in patients with steatorrhoea, and that
      factors other than fat malabsorption may be responsible for vitamin E deficiency
      in pancreatic non-steatorrhoea.

PMID- 3693980
TI  - Ultrastructure of human acute pancreatitis.
AB  - Few studies have been published on the ultrastructural changes which accompany
      human acute pancreatitis, and these have concentrated primarily on parenchyma.
      The present study concentrates on extraparenchymal changes, compares acute
      pancreatitis occurring alone with that on a background of chronic pancreatitis,
      and tests for similarity with observations made previously in an experimental
      model. Pancreatic tissue came from 16 patients undergoing surgery for pancreatic
      disease and five subjects without pancreatic disease. Regressive changes in
      parenchymal cells were consistent with ischemia, and with previously described
      studies. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes infiltrated into stroma and parenchyma.
      Platelets accumulated intra- and extravascularly. Fibrin deposits were common in
      the connective tissue, and could be observed in intercellular spaces at the base
      of acini, mingled with degenerating acinar cells and secretion product.
      Microthrombi occurred in blood vessels. These alterations were consistent with
      those in experimental acute pancreatitis. Similar changes were observed whether
      or not acute pancreatitis occurred on a background of chronic pancreatitis. The
      vascular component is important in acute pancreatitis, and altered epithelial
      barriers allow interaction between blood-borne material and pancreatic exocrine
      secretions.

PMID- 3693981
TI  - Frequency of pancreatographic changes in subjects with upper abdominal symptoms
      and its relationship with alcohol intake.
AB  - The aim of this study was to evaluate the endoscopic retrograde pancreatographic
      (ERP) findings in respect of alcohol intake. Two hundred eleven patients
      consecutively submitted to ERP for upper abdominal symptomatology, with suspected
      pancreatic disease (SPD; 79 patients) or without (NSPD; 132 subjects), were
      classified in 3 groups of different ethanol intake: 1 (0-40 g/day), 2 (41-80
      g/day), 3 (more than 80 g/day). The following conclusions could be drawn: (1) the
      frequency of ERP changes increases with the increase of alcohol intake both in
      SPD (34.6-63.8%) and NSPD (8.2-29.8%); (2) the frequency of pancreatic cancer was
      not related to alcohol intake, but in NSPD it was about 2-fold that in SPD:
      12/132 (9.1%) vs 4/79 (5.06%); (3) a pancreatic morphological assessment, by
      means of ERP or other imaging techniques, should be performed in every subject
      with upper abdominal pain of unknown origin both in alcoholics (for the high
      incidence of chronic pancreatitis) and in non-alcoholics (for the risk of
      pancreatic cancer, which approximates 10%).

PMID- 3693982
TI  - Cancer of the pancreas in two brothers and one sister.
AB  - Over the past decades, pancreatic cancer has emerged as one of the most important
      malignancies in humans. This disease assumes a position of growing importance in
      view of its rising incidence and poor prognosis. Some familial pancreatic cancer
      has been reported with suggestions of hereditary, nutritional, home and familial
      environmental risk factors, and the possible role of genes in the development of
      this cancer among the members of one family. In an on-going case-control study of
      diet and cancer of the pancreas in Montreal, so far we were able to identify
      several familial cases of cancer of the pancreas. The most interesting case is
      the occurrence of this disease in two brothers and one sister all in their
      seventh decade of life. There was no history of pancreatitis among the cases or
      their relatives. Data from this study suggest that a familial predisposition to
      pancreatic cancer may occur in later decades of life. The role of genetic and
      environmental factors such as home remedies, familial food habits, etc., in the
      etiology of this cancer among these blood relatives, all in the same generation
      of one family, are unknown.

PMID- 3693983
TI  - Hyperthermia as an adjuvant to radiotherapy in the treatment of malignant
      melanoma.
AB  - One hundred and fifteen cutaneous or lymph node metastases from malignant
      melanoma were treated with three fractions of irradiation alone in 8 days (62
      tumours) or followed by heat either immediately (simultaneous treatment, 26
      tumours) or after an interval of 3-4 h (sequential therapy, 27 tumours). In
      addition, three tumours were treated unsuccessfully with heat alone. The total
      doses of radiation varied between 15 and 30 Gy, allowing a dose-response
      analysis. For irradiation alone the isoeffective dose to obtain 50 per cent
      complete response (TCD50) was 26.3 Gy. Addition of heat reduced the TCD50
      significantly (p less than 0.05) with a thermal enhancement ratio (TER) of 1.43
      for simultaneous treatment and 1.24 for sequential therapy. Also the persistent
      local control at 18 months was improved by hyperthermia (56 per cent versus 86
      per cent, p less than 0.05). However, simultaneous treatment also enhanced the
      acute skin response to the same extent as the tumour (TER 1.42 for severe
      erythema). This schedule thus gave no therapeutic gain. In contrast, no normal
      tissue enhancement was found after sequential treatment (TER 1.02). Such a
      treatment schedule resulted in a significantly improved therapeutic ratio of
      1.22. This effect was especially prominent in larger tumours (if sufficiently
      heated) and an analysis corrected for volume showed a TER of 1.51. A special
      analysis was performed in patients with multiple lesions. 15 pairs of tumours
      were given the same radiation dose, with or without hyperthermia. Out of these,
      11 showed a better response, three showed the same response, and only in one pair
      was the best response in the tumour obtained by radiation alone.

PMID- 3693984
TI  - Results of a non-controlled trial of hyperthermia combined with radiation for
      superficial tumours.
AB  - Fifty-four patients with 65 superficial malignant lesions were treated by local
      hyperthermia combined with radiation therapy at the National Cancer Center
      Hospital, Tokyo. Hyperthermia was delivered with an Aloka Model HMS-020 (2450
      MHz) or with a horn-type applicator of BSD-1000 (80-90 MHz). Relatively small
      tumours, those less than 4 cm in thickness, were treated by using 2450 MHz while
      80-90 MHz delivered through the horn-type applicator was used for tumours
      exceeding 5 cm in thickness. The radiation dose was 4 Gy twice a week or 2 Gy
      five times a week, the total dose being 40-60 Gy. A total of six to 10
      hyperthermia treatments ranging from 40 to 60 min each, with the tumour heated to
      more than 42.5 degrees C, were given twice a week within 1 h following radiation
      therapy. Complete response was achieved in 16 of the 30 patients (55 per cent)
      treated with the 2450 MHz microwave, and partial response in seven others (23 per
      cent). Tumours treated with the BSD-1000 achieved complete response in 10 out of
      33 patients (30 per cent) and partial response in nine others (27 per cent). In
      five out of nine patients classified as partial responders, however, complete
      disappearance of tumour cells was noted by post-treatment histological
      examination. Complete plus partial response rates were thus essentially the same
      with the Aloka HMS-020 and the BSD-1000, though the rate of complete response was
      apparently higher with the Aloka unit, probably because it was used on smaller
      tumours.

PMID- 3693985
TI  - Cardiovascular and metabolic response of tumour-bearing dogs to whole body
      hyperthermia.
AB  - Whole body hyperthermia was induced in older, tumour-bearing dogs using a radiant
      heat device. Dogs were anaesthetized (thiopental), paralysed (atracurium), and
      mechanically ventilated (100 per cent O2) during the heating procedure. Heart
      rate, systolic/diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure, and arterial blood
      gases were monitored throughout the procedure. Serum biochemical parameters,
      complete blood count, and coagulation profiles were evaluated before, during, and
      after whole body hyperthermia. Significant increases (p less than 0.05) were
      noted in heart rate, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, and mean arterial
      pressure during the treatment period. A significant decrease in arterial oxygen
      partial pressure due to unknown causes occurred during the treatment period.
      Clinical evidence of cardiac decompensation was not manifested in any dog
      following whole body hyperthermia. Total white blood cell count, neutrophil
      count, alkaline phosphatase, and creatinine kinase were significantly (p less
      than 0.05) increased 24 h following whole body hyperthermia. These elevations
      returned to normal within 1 week of treatment in all dogs. Changes in coagulation
      profiles 24 h following the procedure were not clinically significant. Adequate
      pretreatment evaluation of cardiovascular, metabolic, and haemostatic function in
      tumour-bearing dogs is necessary to identify candidates for treatment with
      systemic hyperthermia. Otherwise healthy, tumour-bearing dogs withstand the
      physiological stress of whole body hyperthermia without significant acute or
      persistent toxicity and represent a valuable model for whole body hyperthermia
      research.

PMID- 3693987
TI  - Parish nurse: one nurse's journey.

PMID- 3693986
TI  - Effect of multiple heatings on the blood flow in RIF-1 tumours, skin and muscle
      of C3H mice.
AB  - The effect of one to five multiple heatings on blood flow in the RIF-1 tumour,
      skin and muscle of C3H mice was studied. When heated for 1 h at 43.5 degrees C
      the tumour blood flow increased 1.8 times, and rapidly decreased after the
      heating to less than half the control value. The 2nd-5th heatings at 43.5 degrees
      C, applied at 1- or 3-day intervals, caused no further significant change in the
      tumour blood flow. In the skin and muscle the blood flow increased 5 times when
      heated for 1 h at 43.5 degrees C, and remained at 1.5-2.0 times of control for 1
      3 days after the heating. The blood flow in the skin and muscle, particularly in
      the skin, was further increased by the 2nd-5th heatings applied at 3-day
      intervals, but not at 1-day intervals, albeit the additional increase was very
      small. Consequently, whereas the tumour blood flow was 5-6 times greater than
      that in the skin and muscle before heating, it was only about 1.5-2.0 times
      greater than that in the skin and muscle during the 1st heating. The tumour blood
      flow became more or less similar to the normal tissue blood flow during the 2nd
      5th heatings given at 3-day intervals. The decline in the vascular response in
      normal and tumour tissues to the 2nd-5th heatings suggested development of
      vascular thermotolerance.

PMID- 3693988
TI  - The clinical nurse specialist as researcher.

PMID- 3693989
TI  - Entrepreneurship: risky business.

PMID- 3693990
TI  - Entrepreneurship--a state of mind.

PMID- 3693991
TI  - Tough decisions.

PMID- 3693992
TI  - Remodeling of the femoral shaft after Charnley total hip replacement.
AB  - Changes in the femoral shaft after Charnley total hip replacement (THR) were
      studied from the viewpoint of bone remodeling and the pathogenesis was discussed.
      The study was conducted on 104 hips followed up for 5 to 12 years after THR. The
      width of bone, medulla and cortex was measured at the tip level of the stem on
      each radiograph taken within one month after surgery and at the last examination.
      The changes were classified into 6 types according to the mode of increase or
      decrease of the whole bone width, medulla and cortex. They were also divided into
      4 groups in terms of pathogenesis: (1) physiological change due to the aging
      process, (2) osteoporosis (59 hips belonging to Group 1 and 2), (3) abnormal
      distribution of stress (18 hips), and (4) no change (27 hips). Most common was
      the type in which the cortex is diminished by endosteal resorption and the clear
      zone is visible because the medullary cavity is enlarged. These changes can be
      explained by the aging process and osteoporosis.

PMID- 3693993
TI  - [Comparative study on the pre-and postoperative myelogram in anterior lumbar
      surgery].
AB  - In order to investigate the change of the dural tube and radicular sheath after
      anterior surgery, metrizamide myelography was performed in 32 cases of lumbar
      disc herniation, 12 of spondylolytic spondylolisthesis, and 9 of degenerative
      spondylolisthesis. Postoperative myelography was performed 3 to 8 weeks after
      surgery. The improved postoperatively in radicular sheath was 67% of the cases of
      disc herniation, 60% of spondylolytic spondylolisthesis, and 36% of degenerative
      spondylolisthesis. Postoperatively, no abnormal findings of dural tube were
      observed in the lateral view in 80% of the cases of disc herniation, and 78% of
      those of spondylolytic spondylolisthesis. Improvement of myelographic findings of
      the dural tube seemed to be related to the clinical results of surgery for disc
      herniation and degenerative spondylolisthesis. These facts indicated that
      anterior surgery is a reliable procedure to obtain surgical decompression and
      favorable clinical results.

PMID- 3693994
TI  - [Gait analysis by floor reaction force in double support period].
AB  - Eight characteristic points in the double support period were determined by
      digitalization of floor reaction curves including vertical and fore-aft
      components. Phases, vertical forces and differentials of the characteristic
      points in variable step lengths and cadences were studied in normal gaits and
      pathological gaits of patients with hip, knee or ankle disorders. In normal gait,
      the order of appearance of characteristic points was constant in spite of changes
      in step length and cadence. In pathological gait, on the other hand, a reversed
      order or wide variation was observed in the appearance of characteristic points
      and differentials. Characteristic point Z1, the maximum of the differential of
      vertical force in the forelimb, was especially valuable in the study of
      pathological gait.

PMID- 3693995
TI  - [The role of the quadriceps muscle for the patello-femoral malalignment
      syndrome].
AB  - At knee extension on the Cybex Machine II (Lumex, Co. Ltd.), electromyograms
      (EMG) from the vastus medialis (M) and the vastus lateralis (L) were picked up by
      surface electrodes. The L/M ratio was calculated by the integrated value of the
      EMG and the power spectrum dealt with the frequency analysis of the EMG. There
      was a correlation between the L/M ratio and Q angle for the normal group, a
      constant relation for the hypermobile patella group, and an inverse correlation
      for the group with recurrent subluxation of patella. The vastus medialis (M)
      dominant group, intermediate group and the vastus lateralis (L)-dominant group
      from the value of the L/M ratio was also classified. In the control group,
      subgroup 2 with clinical signs or their past histories around the knee included
      relatively more L-dominant than subgroup 1 without clinical signs. In the patello
      femoral malalignment group, more cases were L-dominant.

PMID- 3693996
TI  - Comparative study of Perthes' disease treated by various ambulatory orthoses.
AB  - Ninety-six hips of 90 patients treated by three different orthoses, Thomas type,
      Tachdjian type and Atlanta type, were radiologically and clinically surveyed to
      evaluate the containment effect and the influence of weight-bearing. The
      Tachdjian and Atlanta types which introduced the containment method yielded good
      or fair results in 69% and 77% of cases respectively--clearly higher than the 52%
      with the Thomas type which only relieved weight-bearing. Comparison of the
      results between the Tachdjian type with non weight-bearing and the Atlanta type
      with weight-bearing, no significant difference was found but the latter had some
      advantages in terms of improved hip abduction, ease of movement and fit.
      Therefore, we are encouraged to continue the use of the Atlanta type for
      ambulatory orthotic treatment of the Perthes' disease. However, the rate of poor
      results could be expected in about 20% to 30% even in the Atlanta type. Another
      type of treatments should be chosen for the patient in whom the poor result is
      anticipated with our protocol.

PMID- 3693997
TI  - [Radiographic and myeloscintigraphic evaluation of normal aging changes in the
      lumbar spine and the relationship with lumbar spinal canal stenosis].
AB  - In 250 subjects with normal lumbar spine and 39 patients with lumbar spinal canal
      stenosis (LSCS), radiographic measurement such as canal-to-body ratio (CBR),
      intervertebral space, inclination and thickness of the facet were performed to
      statistically evaluate normal degenerative changes in lumbar spine and the
      difference between normal degenerative changes and those of LSCS. Results were as
      follows: in normal subjects, 1) intervertebral space became narrower with aging
      (below L3-4), 2) the inclination of the facet increased in all lumbar spines, 3)
      the thickness of facet showed no relationship with aging but correlated with
      inclination (below L3-4). In LSCS, on the other hand, 1) almost no abnormal CBR
      values were found, 2) canal stenosis was most common at the level of L4-5 and and
      L3-4, 3) no factor was independently related to the degree of narrowing. Finally,
      normal subjects patients with LSCS had significant differences in almost all
      measurement parameters.

PMID- 3693998
TI  - [Metabolism of articular cartilages--progress of the study and clinical
      significance].

PMID- 3693999
TI  - [Activity of orthopedic surgeons in regional areas and prospectives].

PMID- 3694000
TI  - [Phase I study of interferon-beta (MR-21) in patients with malignant tumors. The
      Cooperative Study Group of (MR-21) in Tumor].

PMID- 3694001
TI  - [Clinical efficacy of interferon-beta (MR-21) in renal cell carcinoma and cancer
      of the bladder].

PMID- 3694002
TI  - [Clinical efficacy of interferon-beta (MR-21) in hematological malignancies].

PMID- 3694003
TI  - [Phase II study of interferon-beta (MR-21) in solid tumors. The Cooperative Study
      Group of MR-21 in Tumor].

PMID- 3694004
TI  - [Treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma with human lymphoblastoid
      interferon].

PMID- 3694005
TI  - Response to repetitive cycles of ovulation induction in the same women.
AB  - It has been theorized that the administration of human menopausal gonadotropin
      (hMG) in consecutive menstrual cycles will result in a poor follicular response
      in the second cycle. To examine this, 50 women undergoing ovulation induction in
      two consecutive cycles were assessed, using in each the same induction regimen
      during the initial 5 days. The remainder of each cycle was individualized
      according to their response. Nine women were anovulatory, 19 were oligoovulatory,
      and 22 ovulated regularly in unstimulated cycles. In repeat cycles only 3 of 50
      had poor follicular development and did not receive human chorionic gonadotropin
      (hCG); all were anovulatory. Forty-two of 50 of the first cycles had continually
      rising estradiol (E2), while 43 of 47 of the second cycles had rising E2
      patterns. Grouping the peak E2 prior to hCG in the ranges less than 300, 300-699,
      700-1099, and greater than or equal to 1100 pg/ml, peaks in the second cycle were
      similar in 25 of 50, lower in 16, and higher in 9. Only 3 of 9 anovulatory women
      had similar peaks, as compared to 22 of 41 of the oligoovulatory and regularly
      ovulating women. Comparing the second to the first cycle, the day of hCG was
      within 1 day in 28 of 50 women, 2 or more days less than the first cycle in 6,
      and 2 or more days greater than the first cycle in 11. We conclude that in a
      successive cycle of ovulation induction (i) the follicular response is impaired
      in anovulatory women, but (ii) in oligoovulatory or regularly ovulating women,
      clinically significant differences in the estradiol response do not occur.

PMID- 3694006
TI  - Effect of growth factors in culture medium on the rate of mouse embryo
      development and viability in vitro.
AB  - The development of mouse embryos from two cells to blastocysts in Whittingham's
      T6 medium containing the growth factor insulin or the serum replacement Nu-Serum
      was studied and compared with development in vivo. The rate of embryo development
      to blastocysts was increased by the addition of Nu-Serum to T6 and there was a
      significant increase in the implantation rate of embryos grown in T6 + Nu-Serum
      compared with T6 alone or with insulin. However, the rate of embryo development
      in vitro was retarded compared with that in vivo and the number of normal fetuses
      following transfer to recipients of blastocysts grown in T6 + Nu-Serum was not
      different from the number for those grown in T6 alone or with insulin. The
      addition of neither insulin nor Nu-Serum to T6 optimizes embryo development or
      viability.

PMID- 3694007
TI  - Effects of high-dose and multiple-dose gonadotropin stimulation on mouse oocyte
      quality as assessed by preimplantation development following in vitro
      fertilization.
AB  - The effects of increasing the level of ovarian stimulation on preimplantation
      embryonic development were assessed using a mouse in vitro fertilization system.
      When F1 hybrid (C57BL/6 X CBA/Ca) mice received a single injection of 5 IU
      pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) followed 60 hr later by 5 IU human
      chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) approximately 50% of the resultant postovulatory
      oocytes developed to the blastocyst stage following in vitro fertilization.
      Increasing the single dose of PMSG to 10 or 15 IU resulted in significant
      reductions in the frequency of development to the blastocyst stage. When one or
      two additional doses of 5 IU PMSG were administered 24 and 48 hr after an initial
      injection of 5 IU, lower frequencies of oocytes with the potential for full
      preimplantation development were again observed. This reduction in gamete quality
      was significantly greater when the final dose of PMSG was administered only 12 hr
      prior to hCG. The results suggest that excessive gonadotropin stimulation may
      compromise the quality of the preimplantation embryos obtained following in vitro
      fertilization and that the timing of gonadotropin administration may also be
      critical.

PMID- 3694008
TI  - Evidence for an absence of deleterious effects of ultrasound on human oocytes.
AB  - Animal and human data would suggest that ultrasound causes deleterious effects to
      oocytes during meiosis. We directly compared the fertilization rate and embryonic
      development following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer of those oocytes
      exposed to ultrasound and those not exposed in the same patient. In 39 unscreened
      patients a combination of laparoscopy and ultrasound was used for oocyte
      recovery. Laparoscopy was performed first on the most accessible ovary (usually
      the right) and at least one oocyte was obtained. Ultrasound-guided oocyte
      recovery was successful in the other inaccessible ovary. To assess how oocytes
      obtained by ultrasound or laparoscopy related to the pregnancy rate, two groups
      of patients were evaluated in whom the embryos transferred either had been
      exposed to ultrasound or had not been. The fertilization and the embryo cleavage
      rates were not significantly different between the ultrasound-exposed and the
      unexposed groups. The pregnancy rate was also not significantly different [9 of
      49 (18.4%) for ultrasound exposed versus 14 of 74 (18.9%) for unexposed]. There
      was one early spontaneous abortion in each group. Further analysis of a group of
      40 patients, in whom the oocytes were exposed to ultrasound in situ, after the
      endogenous luteinizing hormone (LH) surge had begun 1-27 hr earlier, revealed
      that 6 became pregnant (15%). This preliminary study suggests that exposure of
      human oocytes to ultrasonic waves, either during the different phases of meiosis
      or after the completion of meiosis, did not significantly influence the
      developmental potential of the in vitro fertilized embryos.

PMID- 3694009
TI  - In vivo development of in vitro fertilized bovine oocytes matured in vivo versus
      in vitro.
AB  - In vivo developmental potentials of in vivo and in vitro matured oocytes
      fertilized in vitro were assessed in cattle. One-cell stages produced from in
      vivo matured oocytes developed into a pregnancy when transferred to the ampulla
      part of oviducts of synchronized heifers. In vitro matured oocytes achieved high
      penetration and cleavage rates but did not develop into pregnancies when
      transferred to synchronized heifers.

PMID- 3694010
TI  - UltroSer G as a serum substitute in embryo culture medium.

PMID- 3694011
TI  - The optimum concentration of albumin as an embryo cryoprotectant.

PMID- 3694012
TI  - Weight of babies conceived in vitro.
AB  - Recent studies suggested that infants delivered after in vitro fertilization and
      embryo transfer IVF-ET had low birth weights. To assess further the relationship
      between birth weight and EGA in these offspring, a review was made of all infants
      delivered at our institution from May 1, 1983 to July 15, 1986. Forty-five
      infants in 39 deliveries were identified. Seventeen of 37 (46%) were delivered
      vaginally, 20 by cesarean section. Forty-two infants were delivered at term
      (after 36 weeks). The six sets of twins delivered at 254 +/- 7 days (mean, 36
      weeks). Eighteen of 39 deliveries (46%) delivered at or beyond 40 weeks EGA. The
      mean weight at delivery for the term infants was 3225 +/- 90 g. Thirty-eight
      infants were size appropriate for dates as assessed by the Lubchenco scale, while
      the weight in the remaining seven infants exceeded the 90th percentile for their
      gestational age. We conclude that infants conceived through IVF-ET are not
      predisposed per se to a low birth weight or delivery at an early gestational age.
      However, prior studies suggesting lower birth weights for IVF infants may have
      resulted in part from early delivery due to patient pressure and anxiety.

PMID- 3694013
TI  - Establishment of a successful in vitro fertilization (IVF) and gamete
      intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) program in Malaysia.

PMID- 3694014
TI  - In vitro fertilization (IVF) and gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) program at
      the University of Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany: experiences with two
      different stimulation protocols.

PMID- 3694015
TI  - Perforation of colonic neoplasms. A review of 36 cases.
AB  - Colonic perforation is the second most common complication of colonic neoplasms
      and is associated with an elevated morbidity and mortality. We undertook a two
      centre retrospective analysis of 378 colonic neoplasms seen from 1978 to 1985.
      Thirty-six patients (9.5%) presented with a perforated colonic carcinoma. Two
      thirds had a past history suggesting colonic disease while in the remaining one
      third, the perforation was the first manifestation of the disease. Resection was
      carried out initially in 33 cases (21 Hartmann's procedure, 9 primary
      anastomosis, 2 mucous fistula and 1 abdominoperineal excision). Two patients had
      a proximal colostomy only and 1 an exploratory laparotomy only because of
      disseminated disease. Postoperative mortality was 14% (five cases). Actuarial
      survival rate was 52% at 1 year and 40% at 2 years. Eleven patients are still
      alive after a mean follow-up of 43 months.

PMID- 3694016
TI  - Colorectal cancer in patients with family history.
AB  - The relationship between first degree family history of colorectal cancer and
      some pathological and clinical features was investigated in 302 patients affected
      by large bowel carcinoma. Patients with inherited forms of polyposis of the large
      bowel were excluded. Thirty-six (11.9%) had at least one close relative affected
      by intestinal cancer. No relationship between family history and pathological
      features (anatomic distribution, stage and grading) was found. Moreover no
      difference in prognosis between patients with a family history and those without
      was shown. These results suggest no relationship between a first degree family
      history and the natural history of the disease.

PMID- 3694017
TI  - Free perforation due to cancer in Crohn's disease.
AB  - Free perforation of cancer in Crohn's disease is exceedingly rare. Three cases
      were found among 1010 patients admitted to Mount Sinai Hospital between 1960 and
      1980. Free perforation of cancer occurs late in the course of Crohn's disease
      between the second and third decades of disease, whereas spontaneous free
      perforation usually occurs within the first 5 years. Cancer-related perforation
      is associated with weight loss, mass and fistula, and carries a poor prognosis.

PMID- 3694018
TI  - Prognostic evaluation of planned follow-up in patients with colorectal adenomas.
      An interim report.
AB  - Between 1978 and 1986 colorectal adenomas without invasion were removed in 552
      patients under 76 years of age. Patients were randomly allocated to different
      follow-up groups with intervals of colorectal examination varying from 6 to 48
      months after the initial polypectomy. A large bowel carcinoma developed in three
      patients and new adenomas in 87 patients. Based on the morphology of the initial
      adenomas possible relationships between prognostic factors and the risk of new
      adenoma formation were assessed using life-table analysis. The advantage of a
      possible decrease in the risk of developing carcinoma was offset by the
      disadvantage of eight severe complications occurring in 1818 colonoscopies, one
      of which proved fatal. The occurrence of one of the three carcinomas was
      considered a failure of the follow-up programme.

PMID- 3694020
TI  - Postanal repair.

PMID- 3694019
TI  - Submucosal collagen changes in the normal colon and in diverticular disease.
AB  - Full thickness specimens of normal colon (n = 15), and colon from patients with
      diverticular disease (n = 5) were obtained at operation or autopsy. In the
      isolated submucosa the ultrastructure of the constituent collagen fibres was
      examined by transmission electron microscopy. Collagen fibrils in the left colon
      become smaller (p less than 0.001) and more tightly packed (p less than 0.001)
      than those in the right colon with increasing age. This difference is accentuated
      in diverticular disease (p less than 0.01). Factors which contribute to the
      development of colonic diverticulosis, such as raised intraluminal pressure, may
      be responsible for premature change in submucosal structure.

PMID- 3694021
TI  - Follow-up after colorectal cancer.

PMID- 3694023
TI  - Diagnostic assessment of individuals with misleading behaviors.

PMID- 3694022
TI  - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: a five-year experience.

PMID- 3694024
TI  - A prescription for survival: trauma care education in the United States.

PMID- 3694025
TI  - Routine intraoperative cholangiography--is it justified?

PMID- 3694026
TI  - Anatomical variations and relations of the medical and lateral portions of the
      attic and their surgical significance.
AB  - The medial and lateral attics were examined in 150 specimens of temporal bones of
      adults using anatomical and histological methods. The medial attic varies in
      shape and size, depending upon the position of the auditory ossicles, the degree
      of prominence of the lateral semicircular canal and the direction in which the
      tympanic segment of the facial canal extends. The latero-medical diameter of this
      attic at the level of the body of the incus averages 1.7 mm., but is somewhat
      smaller at the level of the head of the malleus. The medial attic always
      communicates with the mesotympanum through an opening between the prominence of
      the tympanic part of the facial canal and the superstructures of the auditory
      ossicles. The lateral attic is always of smaller dimensions than the medial attic
      and its latero-medial diameter averages less than 1 mm. This attic very seldom
      communicates with the mesotympanum.

PMID- 3694027
TI  - The value of computerized tomography (CT) in the evaluation of the anatomic
      structure of the attic.
AB  - By the use of computerized tomography (CT) the authors have examined and
      precisely defined the radiological anatomical characteristics of the attic and
      its relation to other structures of the middle and inner ear. The identification
      of individual morphological structures has been made on axial, semi-axial and
      frontal CT sections. Each type of original CT section has been compared with the
      corresponding original anatomical section.

PMID- 3694028
TI  - Middle-ear cholesteatoma in children--an Indian perspective.
AB  - A study of the clinical presentation of acquired aural cholesteatoma in 51 Indian
      children is presented. An attempt has been made to assess the impact of this
      chronic ear disease in terms of the morbidity it incurs upon the paediatric
      population. The preponderance of bilateral presentation in cholesteatomatous
      otitis media (24.5 per cent) and the associated sensorineural or mixed hearing
      loss (in 25.4 per cent of the ears) is emphasized, to reflect the alarming
      audiological disability in the afflicted child. An attempt has been made to
      correlate the otoscopic profile with the extent of disease, osteitic damage and
      co-existing complications. It was noted that, in Indian children, mesotympanic
      choleasteatoma was more often associated with large defects of the pars tensa
      (viz. marginal, subtotal and total perforations--54.4 per cent) than with postero
      superior retraction pockets (37.2 per cent) or purely attic defects (7.8 per
      cent). Further analysis revealed this common otoscopic presentation to be a more
      active process, occurring in predominantly cellular mastoids and associated with
      extensive disease. Based on this study, a more aggressive canal down
      tympanomastoid approach is advocated for children presenting with this otoscopic
      profile.

PMID- 3694029
TI  - The ageing ear. A clinico-pathological classification.
AB  - While it is clear that the majority of the world's population suffers some
      deterioration of hearing--especially at high frequencies--with the advance of
      age, it is equally clear that some individuals reach very old age with clinically
      normal hearing. It is often difficult to separate the biological changes of
      senility from the effects of auditory environmental changes, and of specific
      pathological changes associated with specific disease entities. A better
      understanding of the etiology of presbyacusis is needed. The first step towards
      this end is the recognition that not all hearing impairment in the aged is due to
      biological ageing. This is important because hearing loss due to the acceleration
      of biological and environmental effects (accelerated presbyacusis) may be
      preventable, while hearing loss due to biological ageing (presbyacusis) is not
      treatable. The second step is the realization that not all hearing impairment
      over age 65 is due to ageing. Hearing impairments that are rapidly progressive,
      profound, asymmetrical, or fluctuating, and those associated with a marked
      conductive element or severe dizziness might well be associated with specific ear
      disease (Nosoacusis) such as infection, otosclerosis, Meniere's disease, or
      acoustic tumor. A full neuro-otological evaluation including ABR, CT scan, ENG
      and others should be done in any patient over 65 suspected of having a specific
      ear disease. The classification presented demonstrates the need to revise the
      criteria used in determining 'Presbyacusis Curves'. These provide a reference
      standard for normal hearing at any age or decade. There are too many variables in
      the averages obtained from different subjects to make those averages a dependable
      standard reference.

PMID- 3694030
TI  - The role of intranasal splints in the prevention of post-operative nasal
      adhesions.

PMID- 3694031
TI  - Hospital morbidity and mortality following total laryngectomy. Experience of 374
      operations.

PMID- 3694032
TI  - Laryngeal trauma vs length of intubation.
AB  - The frequency histograms of six patients' laryngographs were studied pre- and
      post-endotracheal intubation. The changes were correlated with the length of
      intubation. The post-operative hoarse voice was seen as an increase in the spread
      of the lower frequencies, and an increase in the fundamental frequency. The
      latter change was thought to be a subconscious compensation for the hoarseness.
      The increased lower frequency spread as measured by standard deviation was
      directly proportional to the length of intubation.

PMID- 3694033
TI  - Relationships between cervical nodal metastases and laryngeal cancer. A
      statistical approach.

PMID- 3694034
TI  - Pendred's syndrome. Acoustic, vestibular and radiological findings in 17
      unrelated patients.
AB  - Seventeen unrelated Danish patients with Pendred's syndrome, whose case stories
      have not been published previously, are presented. Acoustic and vestibular
      functions were examined and endocrinological screening was performed. There was a
      great variation in hearing ability as well as in thyroid function. Furthermore,
      in contrast to previous investigations, normal caloric function was demonstrated
      in the majority. In all patients a Mondini malformation was demonstrated. On the
      basis of this investigation it is concluded that: (1) the Mondini defect is part
      of Pendred's syndrome; (2) the inherited Mondini malformation is the underlying
      cause of the sensorineural hearing impairment; and (3) the hearing sensitivity
      varies greatly in these patients.

PMID- 3694035
TI  - Chlamydial rhinitis neonatorum.

PMID- 3694036
TI  - Neurogenous tumour of the larynx (a case report).

PMID- 3694037
TI  - Chemical burns of the oesophagus.
AB  - Chemical burns of the oesophagus caused by ingestion of corrosives present a
      difficult and potentially dangerous problem of management. Initial failure to
      recognize the seriousness of the injury and inexperience in the handling of the
      severer burn may result in consequences which are both life-threatening and life
      long. Analysis of 95 patients who had ingested caustic substances is presented.
      Ninty-one sustained burns of the mouth, 39 of the hypopharynx or oesophagus, and
      31 had laryngeal burns. Sixty-three were children of 15 years and under. Caustic
      soda, especially in children, was the most common substance ingested. Severe
      oesophageal strictures developed early in 17 patients and in a further 21
      oesophageal stricturing occurred late. A protocol for the management of these
      patients is discussed.

PMID- 3694038
TI  - Acquired cerebral trauma: behavioral, neuropsychiatric, psychoeducational
      assessment and cognitive retraining issues.

PMID- 3694039
TI  - Behavioral change strategies for children and adolescents with severe brain
      injury.

PMID- 3694040
TI  - Neuropsychiatric evaluation and treatment of children with head injury.

PMID- 3694041
TI  - The Continuous Performance Test in learning disabled and nondisabled children.

PMID- 3694042
TI  - Does a production deficiency hypothesis account for vocabulary learning among
      adolescents with learning disabilities?

PMID- 3694043
TI  - Oral reading miscues of Hispanic students: implications for assessment of
      learning disabilities.

PMID- 3694044
TI  - Are we preparing adolescents with learning disabilities to cope with social
      issues?

PMID- 3694045
TI  - Acquired cerebral trauma: epidemiology, neuropsychological assessment, and
      academic/educational deficits.

PMID- 3694046
TI  - Storytelling and the therapeutic process for children with learning disabilities.

PMID- 3694047
TI  - A dual-task investigation of language-spatial lateralization.

PMID- 3694048
TI  - Adaptive behavior of children with learning disabilities.

PMID- 3694049
TI  - Cognitive control functioning in hyperactive and nonhyperactive learning disabled
      children.

PMID- 3694050
TI  - Perception of humor by regular class students and students with learning
      disabilities or mild mental retardation.

PMID- 3694051
TI  - Preschool programs for children with learning disabilities.

PMID- 3694052
TI  - Research on the efficiency of low-cost networking.

PMID- 3694053
TI  - [Progressive complications associated with polyester arterial prostheses. Study
      of 61 specimens following surgical excision].
AB  - Reports of individual surgical cases tend to be anecdotal because of the unique
      circumstances surrounding the patient, the surgeon, the intervention and, where
      applicable, the prosthetic device. To overcome this limitation the authors have
      taken a wider collaborative approach and report the analysis of 61 explanted
      polyester arterial prostheses associated with delayed complications on 53
      patients reoperated upon in six different French hospitals. One advantage of such
      an independent and centralized retrieval programme is that the impact of centre
      specific factors, such as patient selection and surgical techniques, is
      minimized. Consequently, by following a standardized protocol for the evaluation
      of the morphologic, pathologic and mineralogic characteristics of the tissue
      surrounding the excised grafts, as well as the textile structure of the
      prostheses themselves, it has been possible to distinguish between iatrogenic and
      disease related complications and to demonstrate a number of general findings
      associated with the clinical performance of polyester arterial prostheses.
      Complications such as thromboses, infections and false aneurysms appear to occur
      randomly after different lengths of implantation, thicker fibrous tissue capsules
      are associated with velour grafts with highly textured yarns, the incidence of
      mineralized tissue and of endothelialized luminal surfaces is rare, weft knitted
      textile prostheses appear less mechanically stable and more sensitive to
      iatrogenic trauma than warp knitted, and the incidences of lipid and cholesterol
      adsorption, bacterial colonization and sterile fluid loss need further
      investigation. These observations lead to the recommendation that for patients
      with longer life expectancies surgeons should consider selecting low porosity,
      woven or warped knitted prostheses which contain yarns that have not been highly
      textured.

PMID- 3694054
TI  - [Revascularization of the renal artery in renovascular hypertension with
      progressive renal insufficiency].
AB  - Sixteen patients underwent surgical treatment for severe renovascular
      hypertension with rapidly progressive renal failure. These patients were assessed
      preoperatively with the measurement of serum creatinine and blood-urea levels
      (means 271 +/- 204 mumol/l and 15.6 +/- 10.3 mmol/l respectively), and renal
      clearances. 5 patients underwent aorto-renal bypass (bilateral in one case) and
      11 patients were treated by autotransplantation of the kidney. Operative
      mortality was 6.2%. Early results were assessed at 1 and 6 months
      postoperatively. Renal function was normal in 8 patients, improved in 5 (p less
      than 0.05), unchanged in 1 and worse in 1 by aorto-renal bypass thrombosis. At
      long-term with a minimum follow-up of 12 months (mean 31 +/- 12 months), the
      initial improvement in renal function remained steady in 12 patients whilst 1
      patient has gone on to hemodialysis. At middle and long-term, 81% of the patients
      were normotensive without medication or had improved blood pressure (p less than
      0.001). These good results confirm the reversibility of renal ischemic lesions
      and support an aggressive attitude towards the use of revascularization in the
      surgical treatment of such patients with renovascular hypertension and renal
      failure.

PMID- 3694055
TI  - [Study of the plethysmographic amplification factor during vasodilator treatment.
      Healthy subject versus primary Raynaud phenomenon].
AB  - Digital arterial circulation before and after administration of a vasodilator
      orally was explored by mercury gauge pulsed plethysmography and
      photoplethysmography in 12 patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon and results
      compared with those of 10 healthy volunteers. The amplification factor F, ratio
      of amplitude in reactive hyperemia over amplitude at rest was determined in the
      index before and after 8 mg daily of dihydroergokryptine over 4 weeks. Before
      treatment, for each of the two plethysmographic technics, a significant increase
      in mean factor F values was noted in the patients with Raynaud's phenomenon when
      compared with healthy controls. This is due to a decline in digital arterial flow
      at rest. Using the mercury gauge plethysmograph, a significant reduction in
      factor F was observed after vasodilator treatment corresponding to an increase in
      digital flow at rest without increase in flow during hyperemia. Using
      photoplethysmography, no significant variation in factor F was noted after
      treatment. Mercury gauge plethysmography, which measures global digital blood
      flow appears to be a more sensitive method than photoplethysmography, which
      measures dermal and hypodermal blood flow, for follow-up of effects of
      vasodilator treatment on Raynaud's phenomenon.

PMID- 3694056
TI  - [Effects of acute arterial occlusion on muscle energy metabolism. An experimental
      model using phosphorus NMR spectroscopy in the rat].
AB  - Phosphorus-31 MR spectroscopy allows non-invasive evaluation of the energy state
      of a tissue and was used to study effects of acute ischemia in rat skeletal
      muscle. Male Wistar rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital (50 mg.kg-1) and
      the femoral artery ligated on leaving the abdominal cavity. Animals were then set
      inside a superconducting magnet (Bruker 2.35 T) and a circular coil (15 mm
      diameter) placed on leg facing gastrocnemius muscle. Pulse lengths were chosen in
      such a may that the sensitive zone would include mainly gastrocnemius muscle.
      Signals were accumulated over 2 or 18 minutes. One hour after insertion of
      ligature muscular exercise was provoked over 20 minutes by electrical stimulation
      of sciatic nerve (4 Hz, 2 to 5 V). Muscles were removed at different stages of
      the test for biochemical assays. Figure 1 includes spectra at 2 and 18 minutes
      showing the effects of ischemic when compared with normoxic muscle exercise.
      Figure 2, showing phosphocreatine (PC) and ATP levels, illustrates the
      accentuation under the effect of ischemia of degradation in PC during muscular
      exercise and its subsequent slow reconstitution. Table I lists more precise MR
      data obtained during 18 minutes and compares them with biochemical findings.
      Ischemic exercise appears also to induce significant degradation of ATP,
      accumulation of inorganic phosphate (Pi) and phosphomonoesters (PME) as well as
      persistent intracellular acidosis (pH 6.5 as against 7.1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3694057
TI  - [Fibrous hyperplasia in femoro-popliteal bypasses using treated human umbilical
      veins].
AB  - The authors report two clinical cases of the failure due to fibrous hyperplasia
      of processed human umbilical vein (HUV) grafts employed as femoro-popliteal
      bypasses. Failure occurred after 19 months implantation at the proximal
      anastomosis for one graft and after 10 months at the distal anastomosis for the
      other. Fibrous hyperplasia was the principal cause of reoperation. The lightly
      vascularized, more or less compacted fibrin involved, adhering loosely to the
      HUV, remains thrombogenic at the blood-contacting surface. Superposed onto this
      phenomenon which is widespread in laboratory animals but uncommon in humans, are
      the usual causes of failure: delamination of the HUV wall, lipid uptake and
      bacterial colonization.

PMID- 3694059
TI  - [Emboli-forming arteriopathies of the lower limbs. Personal experience and
      surgical treatment].

PMID- 3694060
TI  - Altered metabolic enzyme activities in fast and slow twitch muscles due to
      induced sciatic neuropathy in the rat.
AB  - A pilot study was conducted to examine enzymatic and metabolic alterations in end
      organs as a consequence of neuropathy. Silastic pellets were implanted transverse
      to the sciatic nerve of rats. Neurobehavioral evaluations based on hind limb gait
      were conducted at 2 and 4 weeks postoperatively. Four-week values demonstrated
      facilitated utilization of the neuropathic limb in three of five animals, as
      compared to the normal contralateral limb and normal animals. Nerve
      electrophysiology and quantitative muscle enzymology were observed at 4 weeks
      postoperatively. Relative to control animals, the experimental group exhibited
      decreased nerve conduction velocity, decreased glycolytic enzyme activity in both
      fast and slow twitch muscle and increased malate dehydrogenase activity in the
      flexor digitorum longus (FDL). Muscle weight/body weight ratios for control and
      experimental animals suggest an increase for experimental animals, especially of
      the FDL. This change was not due to increased muscle proteins for the
      experimental group as determined on homogenates. Muscle homogenate protein values
      were actually significantly lower than those of the control group for FDL and
      soleus. For this reason, when enzyme activities were compared on an equal protein
      basis, most significant differences were obscured. Only aldolase remained
      significantly less for the experimental group (p less than 0.01). It is concluded
      that muscle metabolism is subject to change when confronted with mildly
      neuropathic innervation. Of particular interest is the uniform direction of
      change. Both fast and slow twitch muscles exhibited a metabolic shift in the
      direction of slow twitch muscle.

PMID- 3694058
TI  - [Value of exploring the deep lymphatic system of the lower limbs using
      lymphoscintigraphy. Preliminary study of 18 patients with arteritis].
AB  - Lymphoscintigraphy of lower limbs generally involves bilateral subcutaneous
      injection of a radioactive colloid into the first or second interdigital space:
      only the superficial internal saphenous pathway is visualized in this way
      (superficial lymphoscintigraphy: SL). However, the external saphenous and deep
      pathways can be explored by an external retromalleolar injection as demonstrated
      in radiology. Isotopic exploration of the external saphenous pathway and deep
      lymphatics (deep lymphoscintigraphy: DL) was carried out in 18 patients with
      arteritis also investigated by SL. The study forms part of a prospective trial of
      edema developing after femoro-popliteal shunts. The deep lymphatics are correctly
      and easily visualized, and in about 20% of cases there exist anomalies of
      distribution of superficial or deep lymphatic flow, morphologic anomalies
      developing postoperatively in one pathway only, or in both pathways. DL is a
      simple, reliable method of investigation of deep lymphatics, and complete
      exploration of lymphatics of lower limbs should include both SL and DL.

PMID- 3694062
TI  - Foraminal encroachment syndrome in true lumbosacral spondylolisthesis: a
      preliminary report.
AB  - The source of pain in isthmic spondylolisthesis is uncertain. Some authors
      believe that spondylolysis and/or spondylolisthesis is not a predisposing factor
      to low back pain and that the mere presence of isthmic spondylolisthesis may,
      indeed, not be the cause of low back pain in the patient. This study explores a
      possible source of biomechanical dysfunction as an origin of pain in isthmic
      spondylolisthesis. One hundred and twenty lumbar intervertebral disc angles were
      measured, 60 of which had spondylolisthesis and the remaining 60 without
      spondylolisthesis for comparison of the effect that spondylolisthesis has on
      intervertebral disc angulation of the lumbar spine. The results reveal that the
      L4-L5 joint has the greatest biomechanical stress placed upon it by virtue that
      it had the highest intervertebral disc angulation when the component of
      spondylolisthesis was a factor at L5-S1. Therefore, due to increased
      intervertebral disc angles at L4-L5, a biomechanical stressing and resulting
      hyperextension of the facet articulation at L4-L5 may represent a source of
      symptomatology in isthmic spondylolisthesis of L5-S1.

PMID- 3694063
TI  - Thoracic aortic aneurysm--subtle but serious: a case report.
AB  - A case is reported of a 55-yr-old man complaining of interscapular pain,
      lethargy, anorexia with weight loss and shallowness of breath following a recent
      traumatic blow to the abdomen. Radiographs revealed a marked and extensive
      aneurysm of the thoracic aorta. The importance of performing X-ray studies of the
      thoracic region is emphasized for all cases where histories of recent or past
      significant chest trauma is suspected and with older patients having hypertension
      and atherosclerotic heart disease.

PMID- 3694061
TI  - Short leg correction: a clinical trial of radiographic vs. non-radiographic
      procedures.
AB  - Visual leg length insufficiency detection and correction is compared with
      established radiographic procedures on 41 consecutive patients presenting to a
      chiropractic clinic with low back pain. It is commonly accepted that the most
      accurate procedure of short leg demonstration is the standing X ray. Visual
      correction, as described by Rene Cailliet, uses three anatomical points of
      reference: a) iliac crest levelness, b) vertical appraisal of the spine from the
      sacral base (the spine should be perpendicular to the sacral base) and c)
      levelness of the posterosuperior iliac spine (PSIS) dimples. Lifts of varying
      thickness were placed under the foot of the short leg in both leg length
      corrective procedures. This study found that the visual method of measurement did
      not differ significantly from the X-ray method of measurement for leg length
      insufficiency. Further, it was found that when comparing those in which the
      visual measure was less than the X-ray measure and those in which the visual
      measure was greater, there was a significant relationship between visual and X
      ray measures. Eta (eta 2) demonstrates that there is a very strong relationship
      between visual and X-ray methods of measurement. A review of the literature is
      presented regarding the correlation of leg length insufficiency and
      musculoskeletal disorders, as well as the discrepancy required to alter
      biomechanical properties of the trunk and lower extremity.

PMID- 3694064
TI  - Can physical therapists and chiropractors co-exist despite differences.

PMID- 3694066
TI  - Inter- and intra-examiner reliability of motion palpation for the thoracolumbar
      spine.

PMID- 3694067
TI  - Demographics of Atlanta's homicide epicenter, 1984.

PMID- 3694065
TI  - A model for the evaluation of chiropractic methods.

PMID- 3694068
TI  - Adolescent urine drug screening. A Cobb County Medical Society Program.

PMID- 3694069
TI  - Poststreptococcal acute glomerulonephritis in Early County, 1982.

PMID- 3694070
TI  - Ambulance services in Georgia 1982-1985.

PMID- 3694071
TI  - Locally advanced carcinoma of the breast.

PMID- 3694072
TI  - New inotropic drugs: amrinone and milrinone.

PMID- 3694073
TI  - A model to determine staff levels, cost, and productivity of hospital units.
AB  - A methodology is presented with examples of the productivity, the staffing
      required, the resultant productivity, and costs that can be obtained for hospital
      units that are subject to random work demands such as laboratory, radiology,
      physical therapy, and nuclear medicine. The methodology assumes that the hospital
      has a labor productivity system that produces the RVUs or earned hours of work
      accomplished daily by shift. Factors considered are the distribution of the
      capabilities of the work force, the fatigue and delay allowances of the work
      standards, the quality of the work standards, the maximum amount of overtime that
      people will be asked to work, staffing policies such as constant or different
      staffing levels for each day of the week, and worker selection processes.
      Predicted results are compared with present practice, which indicates that
      substantial cost reductions can occur with the use of the methodology.

PMID- 3694074
TI  - Extending the capabilities of a laboratory computer system through cooperative
      processing.
AB  - The concept of cooperative processing within the context of a hospital or
      laboratory computer systems environment is introduced. Two examples that produce
      graphical display of laboratory data are described to illustrate cooperative
      processing's ability to enhance a system's functionality without placing
      significant additional burden on system resources.

PMID- 3694075
TI  - An automated medical record system for a skilled nursing facility.
AB  - This paper reports on the development of an on-line automated medical record
      system suitable for nursing homes. The software was written in standard MUMPS
      (Massachusetts General Hospital Utilities Multi-Programming System) and is easy
      for the first-time user to operate. The data managed by the system may be divided
      into four major components, including text tables, the hierarchical problem
      dictionary, the patient admission data, and the care plan data. The system met
      all of the project's objectives and has been enthusiastically received by the
      nursing home staff.

PMID- 3694076
TI  - Growth hormone secreting pituitary tumours: a case series in Thailand.

PMID- 3694077
TI  - Stillbirths at Chulalongkorn hospital.

PMID- 3694078
TI  - Surgical treatment of varicose veins: a study of 123 patients.

PMID- 3694079
TI  - Aortic coarctation in adolescents and adults.

PMID- 3694080
TI  - Effect of glipizide on platelet function and fibrinolytic activity.

PMID- 3694081
TI  - Thai National Reference Preparation in Blood Coagulation. II. Selection of high
      sensitivity thromboplastin, calibration against national reference
      thromboplastin.

PMID- 3694082
TI  - Amyloid tumour as a complication of multiple myeloma.

PMID- 3694083
TI  - Priapism: a rare clinical manifestation of lumbar stenosis.

PMID- 3694084
TI  - Fine grid computer simulation of QRS-T and criteria for the quantitation of
      regional ischemia.
AB  - A comprehensive fine grid simulation of excitation and recovery (QRS-T),
      realistic cardiac and torso anatomy, and electrophysiologic properties has been
      developed that produces a total body surface electrocardiogram (ECG) as output.
      The simulation leads to the specific hypothesis that additional leads on the
      upper and lower torso, and on the back, are required to optimize the quantitation
      and localization of regional ischemia and infarction. Criteria in the STT portion
      of the ECG for quantitating the severity of the ischemia were developed and
      presented. The combination of the leads in which the STT changes occur and the
      severity of the STT change provide a testable set of hypotheses for predicting
      the severity of ischemia, the probable coronary perfusion bed involved, the
      severity of the perfusion defect, and the severity of the proximal coronary
      obstruction.

PMID- 3694085
TI  - The effect of residual noise on the reproducibility of the signal-averaged
      electrocardiogram.
AB  - Signal averaging reduces noise in the surface ECG, allowing late potential
      identification. However, late potentials may vary within a patient from study to
      study. In a population with stable biopotentials, this work evaluated how
      residual noise (RN) affects signal-averaged ECG (SA-ECG) reproducibility.

PMID- 3694086
TI  - An atrial extrastimulus technique for separating sinus tachycardia from pace
      terminable 1:1 tachycardias for use in an antitachycardia pacemaker.

PMID- 3694087
TI  - Computer processing of the electrocardiogram during transesophageal atrial pacing
      induced stress.

PMID- 3694088
TI  - Adaptive filtering in ECG monitoring of the fetal heart rate.
AB  - There has long been an interest in noninvasively monitoring the fetal
      electrocardiogram (ECG). In the past twenty years a clinical need has developed
      to monitor the instantaneous fetal heart rate (FHR) and changes in the heart rate
      from one beat to the next, i.e., beat-to-beat FHR variability as well as an
      interest in understanding the development of cardiac arrhythmias. The purpose of
      this paper is to present initial results obtained from an Electrocardiographic
      Adaptive Processor (EAP) to noninvasively monitor in real-time continuous
      tracings of the fetal ECG, FHR, and FHR variability. Twenty-five sets of
      noninvasive fetal ECG data were collected from pregnant subjects during the third
      trimester of pregnancy using maternal abdominal paste-on electrodes. The fetal
      QRS amplitude and shape varied from 5 to 30 microvolts with fetal position,
      gestational age, and relative electrode configuration. Results have been obtained
      in three specific areas: 1) The development and initial testing of a
      microprocessor based Electrocardiographic Adaptive Processor (EAP) implemented as
      an FHR monitor has been completed. The EAP has been implemented to adaptively
      cancel, in real-time, the maternal ECG component from maternal abdominal ECG
      leads to provide a continuous tracing of the fetal ECG complex, or FHR and FHR
      variability. 2) Maternal and thoracic ECG data stored on computer disk were used
      to test the adaptive techniques to cancel the strong interfering maternal ECG.
      Studies continue to effectively reduce background electromyographic (EMG) noise.
      3) Tracings of the fetal QRS complex, instantaneous FHR, and short term FHR
      variability have been obtained in real-time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3694089
TI  - The spatial distribution of late ventricular potentials.
AB  - Body surface potential mapping (BSPM) was used to study the spatial distribution
      of late ventricular potentials. In a group of 15 normals and 21 patients with
      documented ventricular tachycardia (VT), BSPM performed with 63 averaged and high
      pass filtered ECG leads (LP-BSPM) showed that late potentials have a mostly
      dipolar distribution and that they can be reasonably well detected with only
      three orthogonal leads. In a group of 17 VT patients who also had BSPM performed
      during induced VT (VT-BSPM), six patients had LP-BSPM similar to one of the VT
      BSPM, suggesting that the locations and orientations of both types of sources are
      similar. In a group of 12 VT patients who had epi-endo VT mapping at surgery, LP
      BSPM showed close extrema (reflecting antero-apical delay) for patients with
      anterior or apical VT sites, suggesting that VT originates in delayed regions.
      BSPM thus provides useful information about the detection and significance of
      late potentials.

PMID- 3694090
TI  - Signal processing options for detecting conduction abnormalities in ischemic
      ventricles.
AB  - Sources of error in averaging for late ventricular potentials include variations
      in the magnitude and timing of late potentials as well as variability in the
      temporal alignment of successive cardiac cycles during averaging. Since these
      errors can both attenuate high frequency signals and add artifactual components
      to the ECG, we developed methods to estimate and minimize them. Studies on
      patients indicated that small misalignments can obliterate high frequency
      components of the QRS, while broadening the low amplitude tail of the QRS,
      possibly leading to erroneous interpretations. The digital cross-correlation
      method of alignment was evaluated using simulated signals, and was shown to be
      relatively insensitive to gross variations in waveshape, and appeared to be less
      accurate than real-time pattern recognition schemes. A real-time alignment method
      based on a mathematical model was developed that could measure its accuracy, and
      was implemented in hardware. Our method improves alignment and average fidelity.
      Direct recordings from human and canine ventricles revealed that beat-to-beat
      variability in activation patterns of ischemic regions often followed a regular
      pattern such as 2:1 block. Spectral analysis of ECG recordings showed that a sub
      harmonic, indicative of a 2:1 pattern, could be detected in the ECG during
      periods when ischemic regions of the ventricle were experiencing 2:1 block. These
      results suggest the possible utility of sub-harmonic analysis as a tool for
      detection of abnormal electrophysiological conduction.

PMID- 3694092
TI  - Critical overview of late potential recordings.
AB  - High resolution ECG (HRECG) techniques have been used for several years to
      quantify low level cardiac potentials which occur at the end of and after the
      normal registration of the QRS complex. These potentials have been recorded with
      endocardial catheter electrodes in man and epicardial electrodes in canine models
      of myocardial infarction. In order to record these small signals on the body
      surface, signal averaging is used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. These so
      called "late potentials" have been the focus of a few animal studies and an ever
      increasing number of clinical studies. The primary focus of the clinical studies
      has been in the patients with inducible ventricular tachycardias. Long-term
      follow-up of patients with myocardial infarction has also been reported. There is
      continual support for the conclusion that the presence of late potentials,
      measured with a variety of approaches, is an independent measure of vulnerability
      to life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. Methods used for recording and
      analyzing the late potentials have varied widely among investigators. Four
      aspects of these various studies will be examined: lead selection, signal
      processing, parameter selection, and quality control. Specific data with regard
      to lead selection and high pass filtering will be presented.

PMID- 3694091
TI  - Evaluation of a Holter system to record ST-segment changes.
AB  - This study was performed to establish the accuracy of the Avionics 445B recorder
      and Innovator 750 scanner for identifying ST-segment changes in patients
      undergoing treadmill exercise testing. A series of 143 patients underwent
      treadmill exercise testing with 12-lead ECG monitoring and 2-lead Holter
      monitoring. The mean age of the patients (134 men and 9 women) was 59.3 years
      (range, 27 to 77). The frequency range of the recorder was 0.08 to 30 Hz. A
      modified V2 and V5 bipolar lead system was used for the Holter recording. The
      Holter tape was then scanned using the Innovator 750 scanner. The technician
      adjusted the baseline-reference point and J-point and then did not interact
      further with the recording. Treadmill exercise testing was undertaken using a
      submaximal Bruce protocol with 12 standard ECG leads recorded. Forty-two patients
      had positive ST-segment changes recorded by both the 12-lead ECG and the Holter
      monitor. Ninety-two patients had no ST-segment changes recorded by either of the
      systems. With the 12-lead ECG recorded during the treadmill exercise test used as
      the standard, the sensitivity of the Holter system was 89%, specificity 96%, and
      positive predictive accuracy 91%. The Holter recorder and automated scanning
      system should reliably detect episodes of ST-segment change occurring during
      ambulatory ECG monitoring.

PMID- 3694093
TI  - Relation of the exercise ST/HR slope to simple heart rate adjustment of ST
      segment depression.

PMID- 3694094
TI  - Implementation of the Louvain program for exercise ECG analysis on a
      microprocessor system.
AB  - Several years ago we developed a computer system for the processing of exercise
      ECGs: the Louvain program for exercise ECG analysis which runs on a minicomputer
      "Modcomp Classic" and processes XYZ data remotely collected on digital cartridge
      at the exercise room. This off-line batch procedure is time consuming for the
      technician (reading of cartridge), but theoretically could be fast. Our
      experience shows that the results of the exercise test are provided to the
      referring physician from one day to one week after the procedure because of
      delays at different levels. The implementation of the programs in a stand-alone
      unit can produce the results one minute after the end of the test. This solution
      obviously is more satisfactory for routine clinical testing.

PMID- 3694095
TI  - Detection and measurement of the P-wave and T-wave during exercise testing using
      combined heuristic and statistical methods.
AB  - Accurate detection and measurement of the P-wave and T-wave components of the ECG
      complex have been difficult and often avoided in computerized ECG analysis. This
      is particularly so during exercise testing where T-P fusion occurs during higher
      heart-rates. By combining advanced pattern-recognition techniques, statistical
      measurements and empirically based heuristic decision-making logic, our ECG
      Analysis program has been able to reliably detect, measure and track these
      components during exercise testing to a degree surpassing visual detection by
      highly experienced readers. Complete analysis of each consecutive record gathered
      during the exercise test is performed and a data-base of measurements and
      parameters is created for reference comparison of previous results at each
      analysis step to current measurements. Thus, evaluation of each current record
      for appropriate and accurate analysis is based on an expert system approach which
      is constantly updated and can adjust itself to individual ECG morphology as the
      test progresses. Preliminary attempts are also being made to separate, extract
      and normalize the P-wave and T-wave during fusion for better understanding and
      comparison of changes which occur at high heart-rates. Theoretical and clinical
      reasons related to the detection and measurements of the P-wave and T-wave during
      exercise testing are also discussed.

PMID- 3694096
TI  - Computer-assisted ST-segment monitoring: experience during and after brief
      coronary occlusion.
AB  - As the technology of computer-assisted ECG analysis continues to advance the
      frontier of multi-lead acquisition and real time analysis, conceptual approaches
      to the research applications as well as to the electrical and clinical validity
      of changes in the ECG signal amongst heterogeneous patient groups need to be
      continually reassessed. Comparisons between different devices, lead
      configurations, rates of acquisition, approaches to analysis, and patient
      populations may have large gaps that will require cautious extrapolation and
      careful investigation.

PMID- 3694097
TI  - Early experience with esophageal pill electrode atrial pacing in the diagnosis of
      coronary artery disease--a trend toward improved specificity compared to
      treadmill exercise.
AB  - Esophageal pill electrode pacing, treadmill exercise and coronary angiography
      were performed in 23 patients with chest pain. Atrial pacing produced fewer false
      positive studies resulting in higher specificity compared to treadmill exercise.
      Some possible explanations of the improved specificity are the better quality
      tracings obtained with atrial pacing and the increased control of the heart rate
      and blood pressure response during atrial pacing as opposed to treadmill
      exercise. This preliminary study suggests that esophageal pill electrode atrial
      pacing tachycardia studies may be a reasonable alternative to treadmill exercise
      testing in the noninvasive diagnosis of coronary artery disease.

PMID- 3694098
TI  - International Society for Computerized Electrocardiography: background, purpose
      and progress report 1987.

PMID- 3694099
TI  - Expert systems for implanted pacemaker analysis.
AB  - A computer-based software system has been proposed that will assist clinicians in
      the often difficult task of analyzing multi-channel pacemaker modified ECGs. The
      system contains three integrated modules. First, digital signal processing
      indentifies cardiac events from two sources provided by the latest pacemaker
      technology, intracardiac atrial and ventricular signals, activity markers, and a
      surface ECG. Secondly, the pacemaker's functional status at each event is
      analyzed by a rule-based monitor model of the pacemaker. Thirdly, Expert System
      (ES) techniques were used to combine the digital signal processing metrics, the
      pacemaker's functional status at each event, and the programmed parameters stored
      in the pacemaker's memory with a clinical knowledge base relating known problems
      and their causes. The domain specific tasks, briefly described here, that were
      most useful in the implementation of the ES are: data reduction, knowledge
      acquisition methods, knowledge representation, inferencing, and presentation of
      results.

PMID- 3694100
TI  - A computerized system for modeling pacemaker rhythms.
AB  - We have developed a computer program which simulates a paced cardiac rhythm
      strip, graphically generating the electrocardiogram (ECG) on a color monitor. Any
      pacemaker, programmed as desired, dynamically interacts with a preselected
      intrinsic rhythm. Utilizing symbols prevalent in the pacing industry, this
      graphics-oriented, interactive system promotes a rapid understanding of pacemaker
      function by automatically superimposing specific pacemaker events on a rhythm
      strip. These events include: pacemaker spikes, evoked cardiac depolarization
      waveforms, refractory periods, upper rate intervals, and blanking periods.
      Applications of this program include interpreting and verifying appropriate
      pacemaker function, demonstrating idiosyncrasies of the various pacemakers, and
      teaching.

PMID- 3694101
TI  - Automated serial ECG-analysis within an epidemiological study.
AB  - Since 1980 we have performed a cohort study in order to develop diagnostic and
      predictive algorithms for myocardial infarction. These algorithms shall be based
      on cardiovascular risk factors, ECG-measurements and serial measurement changes.
      An intermediate analysis of 5524 study participants describes observed
      measurement changes stratified by age and sex. The values thus obtained may serve
      for reference purposes and illustrate the influence of age and sex on
      intraindividual ECG-measurement changes. Specific suggestions are made for future
      program developments in order to overcome some present problems in serial ECG
      analysis.

PMID- 3694103
TI  - Stability of ECG amplitude measurements in systematic noise tests. Results and
      recommendations from the CSE project.
AB  - As a measure for performance of ECG computer programs, systematic noise tests
      have been performed within the European project Common Standards For Quantitative
      Electrocardiography. Ten original and ten artificial VCG and ECG records (the
      artificial records were constructed from one beat of the original ones) without
      and with added noise were processed by eight ECG programs and by five VCG
      programs. Three lowpass filtered high frequency noise levels, line frequency
      noise and three baseline noise levels were added to the original records. The
      processing results for the noise-free and for the noisy records have been
      analyzed in the CSE coordinating center. Results presented in this study refer to
      the amplitude differences obtained after comparison of results from noise-free
      and noisy ECG records. Increasing high frequency noise results in overestimation
      of peak amplitudes and increased variability of measurements.

PMID- 3694102
TI  - Development of a reference library for multi-lead ECG measurement programs.
AB  - The development of a data base is described which can be used as common reference
      for ECG computer programs analyzing 12 or 15 simultaneously recorded leads. This
      data base is an extension of the 3-lead CSE reference library, described
      previously.

PMID- 3694104
TI  - A technique to evaluate the performance of computerized ECG analysis systems.
AB  - No objective method to test computerized ECG systems has been available. Until
      now, tests have been conducted separately for instrumentation and algorithms.
      Hence, to facilitate objective verification and testing of modern computerized
      ECG equipment, a dedicated high resolution, low noise instrument (an "electronic
      test patient") has been developed. The purpose of this communication is to
      describe this new instrument and its electrocardiographic database. The
      instrument is designed not to cause any disturbances to the original ECG signals
      in the frequency range from 0 to 1 kHz. The input channels accommodating standard
      12-lead and 3-lead Frank systems are sampled simultaneously at 10 kHz each with
      90 dB dynamic range. The overall RMS noise figure of the instrument is 1 microV.
      The integral part of the instrument is a high resolution, high bandwidth
      minidatabase consisting of selected A-type and B-type verified electrocardiograms
      such as infarctions, ventricular hypertrophies, atrial fibrillations, etc. The
      minidatabase was collected with the aid of a computerized ECG system, which has a
      program for searching for specific electrocardiographic diagnosis. Each database
      record consists of simultaneous electrocardiographic signals of all standard
      leads and Frank leads, and a validated diagnostic report. A system under test is
      typically connected via its patient cable to the analog output of the instrument.
      The testing is performed with reference to the validated ECG from the database.
      In that way, our minidatabase is compatible with any electrocardiographic system.
      The only similar database assembled for testing purposes is that of the CSE
      group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3694105
TI  - Testing the performance of ECG computer programs: the CSE diagnostic pilot study.
AB  - In an international project investigators from 21 institutes are trying to
      establish a common reference library and evaluation methods for testing the
      diagnostic performance of various ECG computer programs using ECG independent
      clinical information. Preliminary results indicate that the classification
      accuracy of different programs varies widely.

PMID- 3694107
TI  - Monitoring of infarct size and infarct evolution by serial analysis of QRS vector
      differences.

PMID- 3694106
TI  - Development of a template boundary algorithm to determine the ST-T threshold for
      silent ischemia.
AB  - A template boundary algorithm which quantitatively determines ST-T variability
      has been implemented and tested using seven normal patients. Relatively uniform
      variability was demonstrated throughout the ST-T segment in these patients during
      single lead continuous electrocardiographic monitoring at bedrest. The range of
      variability appears to be a function of both R wave and T wave amplitude. This
      algorithm appears to have potential utility in defining the ischemic criteria for
      silent ischemia.

PMID- 3694109
TI  - Prediction of ventricular arrhythmias from ECG waveforms.

PMID- 3694108
TI  - Unusual prognostic significance of exercise-induced ST elevation in coronary
      patients.
AB  - Follow-up surveillance of 1136 coronary patients (918 men and 218 women) observed
      in Seattle community practice reveals a higher incidence of subsequent myocardial
      infarction, cardiac arrest or cardiac death in over 4% who manifested ST
      elevation during maximal exercise testing and recovery. Quantitative measurements
      of 100-beat signal-averaged ECG responses transmitted by dataphone from 15
      testing sites provide objective classification into ST depression (less than O
      mV) and ST elevation (greater than O mV) during exercise and five minutes of
      recovery. Whereas the annual incidence of CHD events in 18.3% of men with ST
      depression only during exercise is 2.0%/year, it is 4.1%/year in 71.6% of men
      with ST depression persisting into recovery and 8.2%/year with ST elevation
      during exercise and recovery (P less than 0.05). Even higher event rates occur
      with exercise of short duration and in a subgroup who had invasive studies which
      demonstrated at least two vessels with 70% or more stenosis and ejection
      fractions under 50%.

PMID- 3694110
TI  - Method of extracting three-dimensional information from HVTEM stereo images of
      biological materials.

PMID- 3694111
TI  - On the termination of ingestive behaviour by the medicinal leech.
AB  - Hungry leeches, Hirudo medicinalis, ingest blood meals averaging 890% of their
      mass in 29 min. Ingestion is terminated as a result of distension of the body:
      experimentally distending leeches as they feed causes an immediate cessation of
      ingestion and inhibits any subsequent biting behaviour; if distension is
      circumvented by various experimental procedures, leech ingestive periods are
      prolonged significantly. Ingestion is not terminated as a result of fatigue,
      chemical cues or mass change. Distension also underlies satiation, for removing
      blood from the crops of recently fed leeches qualitatively alters their satiated
      behaviour to biting. Biting is not a defensive reaction to injury. In rostral
      ganglia, impulses of the serotonergic Retzius (RZ) and LL neurones evoke the
      physiological components of ingestion. Localized warming of the prostomial lip
      induces impulses in these large effector neurones. Distending the body wall
      tonically hyperpolarizes the RZ and LL cells. This inhibitory response to
      distension is conducted from the mid-body to the anterior neurones via the
      ventral nerve cord. Distensive inhibition antagonizes the synaptic excitation
      evoked in RZ and LL neurones by thermal stimulation. Thus, a stimulus which
      evokes feeding synaptically excites 5-HT neurones and a stimulus which terminates
      ingestion inhibits them. The integration of these inputs controls the expression
      of leech feeding behaviour and these connections match precisely a model proposed
      to regulate the ingestive behaviour of blowflies.

PMID- 3694112
TI  - Swimming in the California sea lion: morphometrics, drag and energetics.
AB  - During swimming, the California sea lion, Zalophus californianus (Lesson),
      generates thrust forces solely by means of its pectoral flippers. This study
      examines the drag, energetic cost and efficiency associated with this method of
      locomotion. Sea lions are highly streamlined, with a fineness ratio of 5.5 and
      maximum girth at 40% of body length. This profile leads to reduced drag and
      swimming power requirements. Films of gliding animals showed the drag coefficient
      (based on wetted surface area) to be 0.0042 at a Reynolds number of 2.0 X 10(6).
      This value is comparable to that found for other aquatic vertebrates and suggests
      that the sea lion's morphology helps to delay turbulent separation and maintain
      laminar flow over the forward portion of its body. Swimming metabolism was
      measured in a water flume at velocities up to 1.3 ms-1. Effective swimming speeds
      up to 2.7 ms-1 were attained by increasing each animal's drag. Oxygen consumption
      rose exponentially with velocity and for two animals was best described as VO2 =
      6.27e0.48U, where VO2 is in mlO2 min-1 kg-1 and U is in ms-1. Minimum cost of
      transport for these animals was 0.12 ml O2 kg-1 m-1 at a relative speed of 1.4
      body lengths s-1. This is 2.5 times that predicted for a fish of similar size.
      Swimming efficiencies were determined from these results using power output
      values calculated from the measured drag coefficient and standard hydrodynamic
      equations. At the highest velocity, aerobic efficiency reached a maximum of 15%
      while mechanical efficiency of the foreflippers was 80%. The results demonstrate
      that foreflipper propulsion is a highly efficient and comparatively inexpensive
      method of locomotion in aquatic mammals.

PMID- 3694113
TI  - Functioning of identified snail neurones in electric fields.
AB  - In both silent and spontaneously active neurones of the snail Helix lucorum,
      depolarization and spikes were elicited by low-frequency (0.1 Hz) sinusoidal
      currents applied to the bath solution. Threshold voltage gradients had a range of
      1-10 V m-1, which is less than gradients in the nervous tissue during synchronous
      activation of the neurones. It is shown that the same neurone can generate spikes
      in response to opposite directions of polarizing currents. Thresholds of
      spontaneously active neurones to extracellular currents were significantly lower
      than thresholds of silent cells. A simple quantitative method for evaluation of
      the transmembrane voltage drop evoked by an electric field is presented. The role
      of neuronal branches in the response was studied by electrophysiological and
      morphological methods.

PMID- 3694114
TI  - Laboratory studies of homing orientation in the eastern red-spotted newt,
      Notophthalmus viridescens.
AB  - The orientation behaviour of adult male eastern red-spotted newts (Notophthalmus
      viridescens) was studied in laboratory tests. Newts were collected from ponds
      located 10-30 km from the laboratory, and housed in water-filled, all-glass
      aquaria located in a greenhouse or outdoors adjacent to the laboratory building.
      The aquaria were aligned on the magnetic north-south axis. Newts were tested in a
      dry, enclosed arena in four magnetic fields: the ambient magnetic field (magnetic
      north at North) and three altered fields (magnetic north rotated to East, West or
      South). Newts tested during January-March exhibited weak bimodal magnetic
      orientation along the axis of the holding tank. However, during the spring
      migratory period (April until early May), the bimodal response shifted to
      coincide with the direction of the pond from which the newts had been collected.
      Much stronger unimodal orientation was elicited by elevating the water
      temperature to 33-34 degrees C immediately prior to testing. If newts were held
      in a training tank with an artificial shoreline at one end and exposed to
      elevation of water temperature after several days of stable water temperatures,
      they exhibited unimodal shoreward orientation and did not show the seasonal
      switch to homing behaviour observed in the earlier tests. If, however, the
      elevation of water temperature followed a period of fluctuating water temperature
      (over a 20 degrees C range), the newts exhibited strong unimodal orientation in
      the direction of the pond from which they had been collected. These results
      suggest that newts possess a navigational system that enables them to home from
      distances in excess of 20 km. Moreover, these experiments provide the first
      opportunity to examine the sensory basis of navigational ability in any animal
      under controlled laboratory conditions.

PMID- 3694115
TI  - Localization of FMRFamide-like peptides in the snail Helix aspersa.
AB  - The distribution of FMRFamide-like material in the gastropod mollusc, Helix
      aspersa, was studied by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and immunocytochemistry. Most of
      the RIA activity was concentrated in the central nervous system, the male
      reproductive tract, the tentacles and the posterior digestive system (Table 1).
      The density of FMRFamidergic perikarya, nerves and nerve varicosities in the
      muscle tissue of all these regions, as indicated immunocytochemically (Fig. 2),
      was well correlated with the distribution as determined by RIA. Gel
      chromatography of each extract resolved two peaks of FMRFamide-like
      immunoreactivity (Fig. 3). The first of these was further analysed by high
      pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the components included two major
      immunoreactive peaks identifiable, both by their retention times and their
      effects on the radula protractor muscle of Busycon contrarium, as the known
      peptides FMRFamide and pQDPFLRFamide (Figs 4-6). The second peak from gel
      chromatography gave only a single peak, distinct from that of FMRFamide and
      pQDPFLRFamide, in two HPLC systems (Fig. 7), but it did not behave like a
      competitive ligand in the FMRFamide RIA. Moreover, its immunoreactivity, unlike
      any peptides we tested, was not affected by carboxypeptidase Y (Fig. 8), and it
      was not active on the radula protractor muscle. Thus, it is certainly not an
      FMRFamide-like peptide. We conclude that Helix aspersa contains at least two
      FMRFamide-like peptides, FMRFamide and pQDPFLRFamide. These peptides appear to
      act both as neurohormones and as neurotransmitters or modulators in the central
      ganglia, reproductive, digestive, muscular and circulatory systems.

PMID- 3694116
TI  - Structure and innervation of the third axillary muscle of Manduca relative to its
      role in turning flight.
AB  - The morphology, ultrastructure, innervation and physiology of the third axillary
      muscle in Manduca sexta were examined to investigate the role of this muscle in
      flight. The muscle consists of three parts: the upper bundle, which originates on
      the episternum, and the middle and lower bundles, which originate on the
      epimeron; all three parts insert on the tip of a projection from the third
      axillary sclerite. The middle bundle is composed of tonic fibres, and is
      innervated by a single slow axon, while the other two bundles consist of
      intermediate fibres and are each innervated by a single fast axon. The shape and
      position of the third axillary sclerite within the wing hinge are such that its
      primary function appears to be remotion of the wing. The length of the third
      axillary muscle determines the amount of remotion, independency of the degree of
      elevation or depression of the wing and independently of the amount of remotion
      of the contralateral wing. Electrophysiological recordings from the three parts
      of the muscle during tethered flight indicate that they may each function
      independently of each other and in different ways. The tonic (middle) bundle is
      capable of maintaining tension to hold the wings in the folded position at rest
      and is active when the wings are folded at the end of flight. The intermediate
      (upper and lower) bundles are activated phasically with impulses that may occur
      with various relationships to the timing of activation of a direct depressor, the
      subalar, or of several of the elevators. The findings are consistent with the
      hypothesis that the third axillary muscles on both sides are important in
      determining the asymmetric degrees of remotion observed in turning flight.

PMID- 3694117
TI  - Habituation of the cardiac response to involuntary diving in diving and dabbling
      ducks.
AB  - 1. Bradycardia in response to forced submergence was habituated in dabbling (Anas
      platyrhynchos, Linnaeus) and diving (Aythya americana, Eyton) ducks by
      repetitively submerging the animals, each day for several days, for periods of 40
      and 20 s, respectively. The onset of pronounced bradycardia was delayed with each
      successive trial, until little or no bradycardia occurred during submergence.
      Diving bradycardia is driven by chemoreceptors in the dabbler and caused by
      stimulation of narial receptors in the diver. 2. Mean arterial blood pressure in
      dives was unchanged from pre-dive levels in both naive and trained dabbling
      ducks. PaO2, PaCO2 and pHa at the end of a dive were similar before and after
      habituation training. 3. Bradycardia occurred in dives by habituated dabbling
      ducks if the animal breathed 15% O2 before submergence. The ventilatory responses
      to breathing high and low levels of oxygen were unaffected by habituation
      training. 4. The changes in blood gases during dives by naive and habituated
      dabbling ducks were the same: therefore, in the absence of a demonstrated
      decrement in receptor chemosensitivity or efferent potency, the locus of
      habituation must reside in the central nervous system.

PMID- 3694119
TI  - Contributions of anaerobic metabolism to pH regulation in animal tissues: theory.
AB  - Proton balance is analysed in relation to the anaerobic and aerobic metabolism of
      carbohydrates, carbonic acids, amino acids and fat by considering oxidation,
      carboxylation, decarboxylation and phosphorylation reactions, as well as the
      influence of ammonium, on the acid-base status of animal tissues. The functional
      role of the adenylates, phosphagens and inorganic phosphate in acid-base balance
      is investigated with respect to differences in the physicochemical properties of
      organic and inorganic phosphates. General principles are established for
      different anaerobic metabolic pathways in species from several phyla. It is
      concluded that proton release from the substrate, which is always involved in
      substrate-level phosphorylations, is essential for the mechanism of ATP
      formation. Anaerobic metabolism, which is characterized by incomplete oxidation
      of carbon chains and an accumulation of acidic groups, supports pH regulation in
      facultative anaerobes by minimizing the amount of accumulated protons. High
      levels of phosphagens mean high proton absorption during hydrolysis and an
      increase in the intracellular buffer value. Decarboxylation reactions in
      catabolic pathways are equivalent to proton consumption. The degradation of
      carbonic acids during anaerobiosis, therefore, contributes to pH regulation.
      Release of ammonia or ammonium ions in catabolism is also linked to the buffering
      of protons originating from the formation of carboxyl groups and net cleavage of
      ATP. Net disposal of amino groups or ammonium ions by transamination, reductive
      amination or ion exchange does not change this general picture. The proton,
      bicarbonate and CO2 turnover in metabolic pathways is discussed with respect to
      the interrelationships between pH and metabolic regulation.

PMID- 3694118
TI  - The actions of FMRFamide-like peptides on visceral and somatic muscles of the
      snail Helix aspersa.
AB  - Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 (FMRFamide) and pyroGlu-Asp-Pro-Phe-Leu-Arg-Phe-NH2
      (pQDPFLRFamide) occur in the ganglia and tissues of the snail, Helix aspersa.
      This report describes the effects of these two neuropeptides on five visceral
      organs or somatic muscles isolated from the snail (Table 1). The epiphallus, as
      well as the rest of the male reproductive tract, was contracted by both FMRFamide
      and pQDPFLRFamide, and the threshold was usually below 5 X 10(-9) mol l-1 (Fig.
      1). Both peptides also reduced the resting tone of the crop and decreased the
      force and frequency of its rhythmic activity; FMRFamide is about 10 times more
      potent (Fig. 4). In contrast, pQDPFLRFamide was about 100 times more potent than
      FMRFamide as a cardioexcitatory agent (Fig. 5). The actions of the peptides on
      the pharyngeal and tentacle retractor muscles were markedly different: FMRFamide
      primarily contracted these muscles; and pQDPFLRFamide usually had no effect
      alone, but relaxed or diminished contractions induced by FMRFamide and
      acetylcholine (ACh) (Figs 6, 8, 9). Other analogues of FMRFamide were tested, but
      none was as effective a relaxing agent as pQDPFLRFamide. The effects of FMRFamide
      and pQDPFLRFamide on all of the preparations could be distinguished from those
      produced by ACh and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT); thus the actions of the
      neuropeptides were not mediated by cholinergic or serotonergic neurones. The
      stimulation of the musculature in the male reproductive tract and the inhibition
      of motility of the digestive system by FMRFamide and pQDPFLRFamide implicate
      these peptides in the control of reproductive behaviour. The effectiveness of
      pQDPFLRFamide in relaxing the retractor muscles and as a cardioexcitatory agent
      led to the hypothesis that this heptapeptide and FMRFamide, acting at distinct
      receptors, cooperate to regulate the excitability and contractility of the
      snail's musculature between the extremes of aestivation and active locomotion.

PMID- 3694120
TI  - The development of landmarks in spatial memory: the role of differential
      experience.
AB  - To assess how differential experience with objects in a spatial array might serve
      to establish relative landmarks within the array, first and fifth graders learned
      models of a town and farm under two conditions. In a homogeneous condition, all
      elements in the array were visited an equal number of times. In a landmark
      condition, the relative landmark status of an element was established by
      distributing the same total number of visits unequally across the elements. The
      effects of such landmarks on spatial memory were assessed both in reconstructions
      of the entire array and by pairwise distance estimations. The landmark condition
      led to a general improvement in spatial recall accuracy as well as providing a
      relative landmark within the array to help organize the space. The results
      suggest that different levels of experience (controlling for overall experience
      and object salience) can establish elements as relative landmarks in spatial
      memory. Although there was clear developmental improvement in spatial memory, the
      specific landmark effects were similar for both first and fifth graders.

PMID- 3694121
TI  - Discriminating between action memories: children's use of kinesthetic cues and
      visible consequences.
AB  - The present experiments examined the sorts of cues that might be available to
      facilitate children's ability to discriminate between memories for their own
      actions. In Experiment 1, 7 and 10 year olds engaged in two types of tracing
      exercises (using a pencil and a finger; a stylus and a finger; or a stylus and a
      pencil). Discrimination performance was better when distinguishing between
      memories involving the use of a pencil vs. a finger than in either of the other
      two cases. In Experiment 2, children traced and imagined tracing pictures using
      one of these three tools. Discriminations between memories for tracing and
      imagined tracing varied with the type of tool involved and interacted with the
      type of tracing activity (tracing vs. imagining). These differences in
      discrimination performance demonstrated the importance of kinesthetic cues and
      visible consequences for children's memory discriminations.

PMID- 3694122
TI  - A comparison of word recognition processes in dyslexic and normal readers at two
      reading-age levels.
AB  - This study addressed the question of whether dyslexic children use qualitatively
      different word identification processes as compared to normal readers at the same
      stage of reading acquisition. Fifty-two dyslexic children and reading-age matched
      normal readers were required to pronounce words and pseudowords designed to tap
      several word recognition and decoding processes. Performance profiles were
      compared for the two reading groups at two reading ages. Although an invariant
      acquisition sequence was observed across reading groups, differences in level of
      performance between dyslexics and reading-age controls varied as a function of
      reading age. The performance of the more advanced dyslexics was virtually
      indistinguishable from normal readers on all measures. In contrast, the younger
      reading age dyslexics differed from normal readers on several measures of
      spelling-sound correspondences. However, no reading group differences were
      observed on measures of word recognition. The results indicated that dyslexics
      and normal readers at the same reading age use essentially the same processes to
      recognize words, but may differ in knowledge of correspondence rules.

PMID- 3694123
TI  - Developmental aspects of memory for spatial location.
AB  - The purpose was to show whether or not the encoding of location met criteria
      defining an automatic process (L. Hasher & R. T. Zacks, 1979, Journal of
      Experimental Psychology: General, 108, 356-388; 1984, American Psychologist, 39,
      1372-1388). Among other criteria, automatic processes are not expected to show
      developmental changes beyond an early age, to be unrelated to intelligence level,
      and to be unaffected by instructions. In the first experiment preschool through
      sixth-grade children were compared on a 40-picturebook task following incidental
      (remember the names of pictures) or intentional (remember location) instruction.
      Subjects viewed and named pictures in sets of four, arranged in quadrants in the
      opened book, and then attempted to recall names of the objects pictured and to
      relocate pictures on blank pages. In the second experiment, second and sixth
      graders, college students, elderly persons, and mentally retarded persons were
      compared on a 60-picturebook task following either incidental or semantic
      incidental instructions (give the function of objects pictured). Memory for
      location was invariant across age groups and intelligence level. The only
      exception was that 3 and 4 year olds were more accurate following intentional
      instructions. Otherwise there were no differences between intentional and
      incidental instructions. Semantic instructions resulted in slightly more accurate
      locations. The results were interpreted as supportive of the Hasher and Zacks'
      automaticity hypothesis.

PMID- 3694124
TI  - Age-related changes in auditory temporal perception.
AB  - The discrimination of signal and silence duration was evaluated in 6-month-old
      infants, 5 1/2-year-old children, and adults. Listeners were tested with a
      conditioned-discrimination procedure in which they were presented a sequence of
      18 white-noise bursts and trained to discriminate a change in duration of the
      middle 6 signal or silence elements. There were no differential effects on
      performance for changes in signal compared to silence duration. At each age,
      performance varied only as a function of magnitude of duration change. Infants
      discriminated duration changes of 20 ms or greater, children discriminated 15 ms,
      and adults discriminated changes as small as 10 ms. These findings are consistent
      with other research in revealing age-related improvements in auditory temporal
      perception.

PMID- 3694125
TI  - Pathobiochemical alterations in experimental chronic and acute trypanosomal
      infection in mice.
AB  - During an experimental chronic infection of inbred mice with Trypanosoma
      congolense several physiological parameters become altered. Splenomegaly followed
      later by hepatomegaly are predominant. Lactate dehydrogenase and aminotransferase
      activities of the plasma are elevated, the number of erythrocytes and
      thrombocytes decreases, whereas monocytic cells are detected in higher
      concentrations. Gamma-Globulins and transferrin become elevated. Some of the
      pathobiochemical alterations depend directly on the parasitaemia and are reversed
      to normal values after chemotherapy with diminazene aceturate (Berenil). The
      curative effect of this drug depends largely on when it is administered. In acute
      T. congolense infections, leading to the death of the animals in 3-4 days,
      pathobiochemical alterations are found only shortly before the exitus.

PMID- 3694126
TI  - The amount of Tamm-Horsfall-protein in the human kidney, related to its daily
      excretion.
AB  - 1. The amount of Tamm-Horsfall-protein in the human kidney was determined using
      zonal-immunoelectrophoresis. 2. A value of 115 micrograms Tamm-Horsfall-protein
      per gram kidney-tissue was found (1.3 micrograms Tamm-Horsfall-protein per mg
      protein), representing a total amount of about 40 mg Tamm-Horsfall-protein in
      both kidneys. 3. As the well documented daily excretion of Tamm-Horsfall-protein
      is 40 mg, i.e. in the range of its content in the kidneys, it is inferred that
      the total amount of Tamm-Horsfall-protein must be synthesized de novo each day.

PMID- 3694127
TI  - Immunoturbidimetric assay for the determination of microalbuminuria using the
      Hitachi analyser.
AB  - A sensitive and specific immunoturbidimetric method is described for the
      determination of low concentrations of urinary albumin using a Hitachi 704 or 705
      analyser. The sensitivity was 1 mg/l and the precision attained was good (CV 15%,
      7% and 6% for low, medium and higher albumin concentrations). The assay was used
      to determine urinary albumin excretion rates in healthy controls (less than 15
      micrograms/min) and in type I diabetics. Since microalbuminuria (30-200
      micrograms/min) seems to be a good predictor for the development of diabetic
      nephropathy and other late diabetic complications, this assay is suitable for the
      necessary screening and follow-up of diabetic nephropathy. In contrast to RIA
      methods, no radioactive tracers are needed.

PMID- 3694128
TI  - Determination of thiocyanate in plasma and saliva without deproteinisation and
      its validation as a smoking parameter.
AB  - A simple photometric procedure was developed for the determination of thiocyanate
      (SCN-) in plasma and saliva without deproteinisation or dialysis. Fe(III) ions
      form a red coloured complex with SCN- with a maximum absorbance at 460 nm.
      Mercury(II) nitrate is used to run a sample blank. A manual and an automated
      version (COBAS BIO) of the method is described. The method is linear up to 5000
      mumol/l SCN-. The CV of the between-run precision is 2.8-8% for the manual and
      2.6-6.6% for the automated method. The SCN- plasma concentration was 21-134
      mumol/l in nonsmokers and 44-260 mumol/l in smokers. In mixed saliva, the
      concentration is much higher than in plasma: 1.57-5.5 mumol/l in smokers and 0.79
      3.9 mumol/l in nonsmokers. Plasma, but not oral fluid SCN-, is a valuable
      parameter for studying smoking habits in population surveys. However, its use is
      limited. In our experience only heavy smokers can be distinguished from
      nonsmokers.

PMID- 3694129
TI  - Renal stone analysis: LITHOS, an expert system for evaluation of X-ray
      diffractograms of urinary calculi.
AB  - An expert system for evaluation of X-ray diffraction patterns of urinary calculi
      is described and evaluated. The software was developed using the PERSONAL
      CONSULTANT expert system shell from Texas Instruments.

PMID- 3694131
TI  - Selective determination of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 1 in serum after
      inhibition by 1,6-hexanediol.
AB  - A rapid selective method for measuring the activity of lactate dehydrogenase
      isoenzyme LD-1 in serum by using 1,6-hexanediol as an inhibitor of the M-subunit
      was developed. Hexanediol was added to serum at a final concentration of 0.7
      mol/l. After incubation at 30 degrees C for 15 min, the activity was measured
      with an automatic analyser. The inter-assay coefficient of variation was 6.9% for
      the lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme LD-1 measurement. The results obtained from
      the sera of 100 patients analysed by the proposed selective method and by the
      conventional electrophoretic method, respectively, showed an excellent
      correlation. This selective method was used to determine the lactate
      dehydrogenase isoenzyme LD-1 activity of sera from patients with acute myocardial
      infarction, and the results were correlated well with those obtained by the
      immunological, Roch Isomune method. Addition of 1,6-hexanediol did not affect the
      measurement of activities of other enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase, gamma
      glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase.

PMID- 3694132
TI  - Enzymatic assay of myo-inositol in serum.
AB  - An enzymatic spectrophotometric method for determination of myo-inositol in serum
      is described. The method is sensitive and rapid to perform without special
      equipment. Linearity between the amount of myo-inositol and absorbance was
      obtained in the range of 0.5 to 3 nmol myo-inositol per assay. The amounts of myo
      inositol determined in sera from apparently healthy subjects agree well with gas
      chromatographic data.

PMID- 3694130
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of 11 beta-hydroxyandrostenedione in laboratory diagnostics of
      selected endocrine disorders.
AB  - A specific radioimmunoassay of 11 beta-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione, an
      androgen of exclusively adrenal origin, is described and evaluated. The antiserum
      was raised in rabbits using 6 beta,11 beta-dihydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione-6
      beta-hemisuccinate:bovine serumalbumin conjugate as an immunogen. The method has
      been used for determination of the plasma levels of the hormone in healthy
      subjects, including children, with regard to the possibility its use as a
      laboratory marker for monitoring corticoid therapy in patients with congenital
      adrenal hyperplasia and in patients with various endocrine disorders, under basal
      conditions and after dynamic tests. The plasma levels of 11 beta
      hydroxyandrostenedione (means +/- s.d.) in healthy persons at 8 a.m. were 8.69 +/
      2.88 (men), 7.72 +/- 2.85 (women), 8.73 +/- 5.13 (boys) and 7.88 +/- 5.23
      (girls) nmol/l, respectively. The hormone concentrations followed the pattern of
      circadian rhythm of cortisol, they were increased markedly after corticotropin
      and suppressed by dexamethasone.

PMID- 3694133
TI  - Further studies on the standardization of neonatal bilirubin.
AB  - Certain problems in the standardization of direct-reading instruments
      (bilirubinometers) were investigated. It was shown that the combination of
      wavelength setting and choice of pH is very important with respect to the
      standard to be used. It is emphasized that in fact there is no synthetic
      bilirubin standard which can be used as primary standard. Reasons are given why
      the only pragmentic solution proved to be a pool of neonatal serum.

PMID- 3694134
TI  - [Methods for enzymatic determination of triglycerides in liver homogenates].
AB  - An enzymatic method is described for the determination of triacylglycerols in
      liver homogenate. In contrast to usual methods, higher reliability and
      selectivity are achieved by omitting the extraction step.

PMID- 3694135
TI  - Radioimmunological hair analysis for narcotics and substitutes.
AB  - In recent years it has become possible to detect organic pharmaceuticals and
      poisons in a few milligrams of hair, using radioimmunological methods. Some
      methods are specific for individual compounds, others for groups of compounds.
      This is of great importance inter alia for forensic purposes, especially in cases
      of drug abuse. With the help of such hair analysis it is possible to trace the
      drug career of an addicted person for up to one year, and in certain cases for a
      longer period. Frequently, the results provide information on events in the
      rather distant past. This can be of considerable anamnestic and forensic
      importance.

PMID- 3694136
TI  - An improved spectrophotometric procedure for the determination of urinary
      metanephrines.
AB  - Spectrophotometric assays for urinary metanephrines are still widely used because
      of the simple equipment needed. These methods, however, have the major drawback
      of being very susceptible to interference. Using the original Pisano technique
      (Pisano, J. J. (1960) Clin. Chim. Acta 5, 406-414) we have often observed
      overestimation of the metanephrine concentration. By measuring absorbances at
      three different wavelengths we were able to considerably reduce this positive
      bias. With many patients this resulted in a significant downward adjustment of
      the values found for the total metanephrine excretion.

PMID- 3694138
TI  - Improved method for the determination of phospholipase A2 catalytic activity
      concentration in human serum and ascites.
AB  - An improved radiochemical method is presented for the selective determination of
      phospholipase A2 activity in human serum and ascites, using only commercially
      available reagents. The method can be applied to large quantities of samples. As
      substrate we used 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero(3)phosphorylcholine and
      phosphatidylcholine containing tritiated palmitic acid in position 2 (1
      palmitoyl,2-[9,10-3H]palmitoyl-sn-glycero(3)phosphorylcholine). The liberated
      fatty acids are extracted and radioactivity is detected in a liquid scintillation
      spectrometer. A preliminary reference range of human serum samples was
      established ranging up to 1.0 U/l. In sera of patients with acute pancreatitis we
      found activities up to 20 U/l. The correlation of phospholipase A2 activity with
      that of other enzymes and with the severity and complications of acute
      pancreatitis was investigated. A possible relationship between phospholipase A2
      activities and pulmonary complications is discussed.

PMID- 3694137
TI  - Non-separation radioassay for cortisol binding capacity in human serum.
AB  - A radioassay for the measurement of cortisol binding capacity in human serum was
      developed and the results validated by radioimmunoassay of serum corticosteroid
      binding globulin. The mini-scale method is simple, reliable and rapid, and avoids
      separation of partitioned phases. The linear correlation between the free
      cortisol index and free cortisol concentration as calculated by the two methods
      utilizing serum samples with normal and abnormal protein concentrations was r =
      0.962 (n = 114, p less than 0.001) and the regression equation was y = 3.516 x -
      2.632. The technique requires no preparation of reagents, and the assay can be
      performed in 45 minutes using 0.05 ml of serum or plasma.

PMID- 3694139
TI  - A new, very sensitive, bioluminescence-enhanced detection system for protein
      blotting. Ultrasensitive detection systems for protein blotting and DNA
      hybridization, I.
AB  - A relatively simple, very sensitive bioluminescence-enhanced detection system for
      protein blots is described. The method utilizes antibodies conjugated with
      alkaline phosphatase. The alkaline phosphatase then takes part in a reaction by
      releasing D-luciferin (Photinus pyralis) from D-luciferin-O-phosphate. Liberated
      D-luciferin reacts with luciferase, ATP and oxygen with light emission. The light
      is detected by a sensitive photographic film, thereby permitting the
      visualization of the alkaline phosphatase-conjugated antibodies. Under non
      optimized conditions the limit of detection is at present 5 to 50 pg of protein,
      corresponding e.g. to 30 to 300 x 10(-18) mol of rabbit immunoglobulin G. The
      detection system is therefore 100 times more sensitive than other systems used at
      present.

PMID- 3694140
TI  - Direct kinetic method for the determination of phosphate.
AB  - Serum phosphate can be measured accurately, precisely and economically using an
      initial rate spectrophotometric procedure. This procedure measures the formation
      of the unreduced phosphomolybdate heteropolyacid complex at 334 nm. The
      concentration of polyvinylpyrrolidone Mr = 40,000 has been optimised to allow the
      determination of serum inorganic phosphate on a discrete analyser, the Eppendorf
      Epos. Possible interference due to hyperlipaemia, high bilirubin or high protein
      content of the serum samples is discussed.

PMID- 3694141
TI  - Formation of cartilage in organ-cultured leg buds of chick embryo.
AB  - When the leg buds from chick embryos at stages 17-23 were cultured as organ
      cultures in F12 medium, which contained chick serum and an extract of chick
      embryos, leg cartilage structures developed that included pelvic girdle, femur,
      tibiofibula, and tarsometatarsus. The proportion of explants with definite distal
      elements increased when the leg buds from later embryos were used.
      Supplementation with chick serum was essential. These results suggest that the
      pattern of formation of limbs in chick embryos can be studied in organ culture.

PMID- 3694142
TI  - MSORTV imaging of electrotonic conduction in a syncitium: optical recording of
      polarization spread in a simple salivary gland.
AB  - The spread of hyperpolarizing current injected into the salivary gland of the
      snail Helisoma trivolvis was studied with the technique of multiple site optical
      recording of transmembrane voltage (MSORTV). Using MSORTV it was possible to
      monitor simultaneously the spread of current passed by an intracellular
      microelectrode in up to 124 separate gland regions. Our results demonstrate the
      feasibility of combining conventional intracellular injection techniques with
      MSORTV to visualize 2-dimensional current spread in an electrical syncitium.

PMID- 3694144
TI  - Unsolicited solicitations.

PMID- 3694145
TI  - A fiscal note on quality.

PMID- 3694146
TI  - New treatment for nocturnal leg cramps.

PMID- 3694143
TI  - Relationship between nuclear DNA synthesis and centrosome reproduction in sea
      urchin eggs.
AB  - The importance of nuclear DNA synthesis for the doubling, or reproduction, of
      centrosomes in cells that are not growth-limited, such as sea urchin eggs, has
      not been clearly defined. Studies of enucleated, fertilized eggs show that
      nuclear activities are not required at each cell cycle for the normal
      reproduction of the complete centrosome. However, other studies report that the
      inhibition of nuclear DNA synthesis in intact eggs by the drug aphidicolin
      prevents centrosome reproduction and entry into mitosis as seen by nuclear
      envelope breakdown. To resolve this paradox, we systematically characterized the
      effect of aphidicolin on cell division in eggs from three species of sea urchins.
      Eggs were continuously treated with 5 or 10 micrograms/ml aphidicolin starting 5
      min after fertilization. This blocked total incorporation of 3H-thymidine into
      DNA by at least 90%, as previously reported. We found that the sperm aster always
      doubles prior to first mitosis. Over a period of several hours, the centrosomes
      reproduce in the normal 2-4-8-16 fashion, with a period that is longer and more
      variable than normal. In every culture, a variable percentage of the eggs
      undergoes nuclear envelope breakdown. Once broken down, the nuclear envelope
      never visibly reforms even though centrosomes continue to double. Fluorescent
      labeling of DNA revealed that the chromatin does not condense into discrete
      chromosomes. Whether or not the nuclear envelope breaks down, the chromatin
      appears as an amorphous mass of fibers stretched between first two and then four
      asters. Later, the nuclear envelope/chromatin loses its association with some or
      all centrosomes. Our results were the same for all eggs at both drug
      concentrations. Thus, nuclear DNA synthesis is not required for centrosome
      reproduction in sea urchin eggs.

PMID- 3694147
TI  - How to become judgement proof: it's the only hope you've got.

PMID- 3694148
TI  - The neurologist's perspective of stroke.

PMID- 3694150
TI  - An ill wind blows across medicine.

PMID- 3694149
TI  - Medicine in 1995: a forecast by the experts.

PMID- 3694151
TI  - Looking at the Academic Task Force report from different perspectives.

PMID- 3694152
TI  - The malpractice crisis and bad doctors.

PMID- 3694153
TI  - AIDS: legal issue spotting for the health care practitioner.

PMID- 3694154
TI  - Detection of right atrial thromboembolism by two dimensional echocardiography.

PMID- 3694155
TI  - Impact of economic changes on Florida's health care system: the future of the
      practice of medicine.

PMID- 3694156
TI  - Medical care as a service industry: some limitations and possibilities for cost
      containment.

PMID- 3694157
TI  - Duplicate breath testing: statistical vs forensic significance of differences.

PMID- 3694158
TI  - Exceptional death by deep introduction of a dummy into the mouth.

PMID- 3694159
TI  - Drugs and society. Meeting 9-10 May 1987, Harrowgate, England. Report.

PMID- 3694160
TI  - Endolymphatic stromal myosis: report of a case.

PMID- 3694161
TI  - A case of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome with bilateral atrio-ventricular
      accessory pathways and mitral stenosis successfully treated by surgery.

PMID- 3694162
TI  - A case of acute hydrogen sulfide (H2S) intoxication successfully treated with
      nitrites.

PMID- 3694163
TI  - Studies of platelet hyperactivity in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular
      diseases: IV. Determination of the optimal dosage of aspirin by measuring plasma
      salicylate level.

PMID- 3694164
TI  - Changes in fluid balance during the treatment of septic shock.

PMID- 3694165
TI  - Cytologic presentation and its correlation with clinical stage in papillary
      carcinoma of the thyroid.

PMID- 3694166
TI  - Primary carcinoma of the gallbladder: staging, methods of treatment and
      prognosis.

PMID- 3694167
TI  - Digoxin-like immunoreactive substance in sera from umbilical cord, infants and
      mothers.

PMID- 3694168
TI  - Coarctation of the aorta in the first year of life.

PMID- 3694170
TI  - [Therapeutic arterial embolization for acute hemorrhage].

PMID- 3694169
TI  - [Gastric polyps: a study in 121 cases diagnosed by endoscopy and biopsy].

PMID- 3694171
TI  - [Lower lung field tuberculosis].

PMID- 3694172
TI  - [Developmental profile of different types of cerebral-palsied children].

PMID- 3694173
TI  - Maximal Ca2+-activated force and myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity in intact mammalian
      hearts. Differential effects of inorganic phosphate and hydrogen ions.
AB  - Myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity and maximal Ca2+-activated force are fundamental
      properties of the contractile proteins in the heart. Although these properties
      can be evaluated directly in skinned preparations, they have remained elusive in
      intact tissue. A novel approach is described that allows maximal Ca2+-activated
      force to be measured and myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity to be deduced from
      isovolumic pressure in intact perfused ferret hearts. Phosphorus nuclear magnetic
      resonance spectra are obtained sequentially to measure the intracellular
      inorganic phosphate (Pi) and hydrogen ion (H+) concentrations. After a period of
      perfusion with oxygenated, HEPES-buffered Tyrode solution, hypoxia is induced as
      a means of elevating [Pi]. The decline in twitch pressure can then be related to
      the measured increase in [Pi]. After recovery, hearts are perfused with ryanodine
      to enable tetanization and the measurement of maximal Ca2+-activated pressure.
      Hypoxia is induced once again, and maximal pressure is correlated with [Pi]. We
      then compare the relations between [Pi] and maximal pressure on the one hand, and
      [Pi] and twitch pressure on the other. If the two relations differ only by a
      constant scaling factor, then the decline in twitch pressure can be attributed
      solely to a decline in maximal pressure, with no change in myofilament
      sensitivity. We obtained such a result during hypoxia, which indicated that Pi
      accumulation decreases maximal force but does not change myofilament sensitivity.
      We compared these results with acidosis (induced by bubbling with 5% CO2). In
      contrast with Pi, the accumulation of H+ decreases twitch force primarily by
      shifting myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity. This approach in intact tissue has
      strengths and limitations complementary to those of skinned muscle experiments.

PMID- 3694175
TI  - Video fluorescence microscopy studies of phospholipid vesicle fusion with a
      planar phospholipid membrane. Nature of membrane-membrane interactions and
      detection of release of contents.
AB  - Video fluorescence microscopy was used to study adsorption and fusion of
      unilamellar phospholipid vesicles to solvent-free planar bilayer membranes. Large
      unilamellar vesicles (2-10 microns diam) were loaded with 200 mM of the membrane
      impermeant fluorescent dye calcein. Vesicles were ejected from a pipette brought
      to within 10 microns of the planar membrane, thereby minimizing background
      fluorescence and diffusion times through the unstirred layer. Vesicle binding to
      the planar membrane reached a maximum at 20 mM calcium. The vesicles fused when
      they were osmotically swollen by dissipating a KCl gradient across the vesicular
      membrane with the channel-forming antibiotic nystatin or, alternatively, by
      making the cis compartment hyperosmotic. Osmotically induced ruptures appeared as
      bright flashes of light that lasted several video fields (each 1/60 s). Flashes
      of light, and therefore swelling, occurred only when channels were present in the
      vesicular membrane. The flashes were observed when nystatin was added to the cis
      compartment but not when added to the trans. This demonstrates that the vesicular
      and planar membranes remain individual bilayers in the region of contact, rather
      than melding into a single bilayer. Measurements of flash duration in the
      presence of cobalt (a quencher of calcein fluorescence) were used to determine
      the side of the planar membrane to which dye was released. In the presence of 20
      mM calcium, 50% of the vesicle ruptures were found to result in fusion with the
      planar membrane. In 100 mM calcium, nearly 70% of the vesicle ruptures resulted
      in fusion. The methods of this study can be used to increase significantly the
      efficiency of reconstitution of channels into planar membranes by fusion
      techniques.

PMID- 3694174
TI  - Passive properties and membrane currents of canine ventricular myocytes.
AB  - The membrane potential and membrane currents of single canine ventricular
      myocytes were studied using either single microelectrodes or suction pipettes.
      The myocytes displayed passive membrane properties and an action potential
      configuration similar to those described for multicellular dog ventricular
      tissue. As for other cardiac cells, in canine ventricular myocytes: (a) an inward
      rectifier current plays an important role in determining the resting membrane
      potential and repolarization rate; (b) a tetrodotoxin-sensitive Na current helps
      maintain the action potential plateau; and (c) the Ca current has fast kinetics
      and a large amplitude. Unexpected findings were the following: (a) in
      approximately half of the myocytes, there is a transient outward current composed
      of two components, one blocked by 4-aminopyridine and the other by Mn or
      caffeine; (b) there is clearly a time-dependent outward current (delayed
      rectifier current) that contributes to repolarization; and (c) the relationship
      of maximum upstroke velocity of phase 0 to membrane potential is more positive
      and steeper than that observed in cardiac tissues from Purkinje fibers.

PMID- 3694176
TI  - Intracellular acidification-induced alkali metal cation/H+ exchange in human
      neutrophils.
AB  - Pretreatment of isolated human neutrophils (resting pHi congruent to 7.25 at pHo
      7.40) with 30 mM NH4Cl for 30 min leads to an intracellular acidification (pHi
      congruen to 6.60) when the NH4Cl prepulse is removed. Thereafter, in 140 mM Na+
      medium, pHi recovers exponentially with time (initial rate, approximately 0.12
      pH/min) to reach the normal resting pHi by approximately 20 min, a process that
      is accomplished mainly, if not exclusively, though an exchange of internal H+ for
      external Na+. This Na+/H+ countertransport is stimulated by external Na+ (Km
      congruent to 21 mM) and by external Li+ (Km congruent to 14 mM), though the
      maximal transport rate for Na+ is about twice that for Li+. Both Na+ and Li+
      compete as substrates for the same translocation sites on the exchange carrier.
      Other alkali metal cations, such as K+, Rb+, or Cs+, do not promote pHi recovery,
      owing to an apparent lack of affinity for the carrier. The exchange system is
      unaffected by ouabain or furosemide, but can be competitively inhibited by the
      diuretic amiloride (Ki congruent to 8 microM). The influx of Na+ or Li+ is
      accompanied by an equivalent counter-reflux of H+, indicating a 1:1 stoichiometry
      for the exchange reaction, a finding consistent with the lack of voltage
      sensitivity (i.e., electroneutrality) of pHi recovery. These studies indicate
      that the predominant mechanism in human neutrophils for pHi regulation after
      intracellular acidification is an amiloride-sensitive alkali metal cation/H+
      exchange that shares a number of important features with similar recovery
      processes in a variety of other mammalian cell types.

PMID- 3694177
TI  - The sequence of the M RNA of an isolate of La Crosse virus.
AB  - The middle-size (M) genomic RNA of a New York State, U.S.A. isolate of La Crosse
      (LAC) virus has been cloned by a random priming procedure and its nucleotide
      sequence determined by the dideoxy method. The RNA was found to be 4526
      nucleotides in length and to have a base composition of 34.2% U, 27.8% A, 20.6% C
      and 17.4% G. There is a single, long open reading frame in the viral
      complementary RNA that contains sufficient information to code for a protein of
      1441 amino acids. In these respects, as in many others, the LAC virus M RNA and
      its encoded protein were very similar, if not identical, to those previously
      reported by other investigators for the closely related snowshoe hare virus. The
      M RNAs of the two viruses show 79% nucleotide sequence homology and 89% homology
      in the amino acid sequence of their encoded proteins. Several algorithms for
      predicting surface residues, as well as the Chou-Fasman rules for predicting
      secondary structure, were used to compare the LAC virus and snowshoe hare virus M
      gene proteins. These analyses identified 39 sites on the proteins as those most
      likely to be linear antigenic determinants that might contribute to the
      differences between the two viruses.

PMID- 3694179
TI  - Nosocomial rotaviral diarrhea: pattern of spread on wards in a children's
      hospital.
AB  - Nosocomial gastroenteritis in a 315-bed hospital for children was examined
      prospectively from January 11 through May 31, 1985. There were 85 cases of
      nosocomial diarrhea during the study period, and these were identified on each of
      the 13 hospital wards. Rotavirus was identified in 40% of cases. Incidence of
      nosocomial rotavirus was highest on wards where most children were less than 2
      years of age, except for the infectious diseases (isolation) ward (0.24 versus
      2.30 cases per 100 admissions, p = 1.70 x 10(-4), Fisher exact test). The lower
      incidence on the infectious diseases ward occurred despite the greater potential
      for exposure to rotavirus, since 70% of children admitted with community-acquired
      rotavirus diarrhea were placed on the infectious diseases ward. Better infection
      control, especially hand washing, aided by the structure of the infectious
      diseases ward, may have been responsible for this difference.

PMID- 3694178
TI  - Immune enhancement of yellow fever virus neurovirulence for mice: studies of
      mechanisms involved.
AB  - Enhancement of yellow fever virus neurovirulence for mice by specific antibody
      was studied with the French neurotropic vaccine strain. Experimental conditions
      for enhancement required mice between 14 and 40 days old and intraperitoneal
      administration of a selected monoclonal antibody 24 h before or up to 72 h after
      intracerebral virus challenge. Virus infectivity titrations were similar in
      brains of antibody-treated and untreated mice. Virus recovered from brains of
      mice with enhanced viral infections was neither qualitatively nor quantitatively
      different from standard virus. Humoral immune responses in enhanced infections
      were normal, macrophages did not become infected and viraemia was not
      significant. Both hydrocortisone treatment and complement depletion with cobra
      venom resulted in prolongation of mouse survival times but virulence enhancement
      persisted. Antithymocyte serum had no effect on enhancement although it reduced
      the humoral immune response. It is proposed that virulence enhancement is due to
      the combined effects of virus-specific antibody on infected cells, complement
      mediated cytolysis and resultant host anti-cellular activity. There is no analogy
      between mechanisms effecting increased arbovirus growth in vitro in the presence
      of specific antibody and increased yellow fever virus neurovirulence in vivo
      after parenteral administration of antibody.

PMID- 3694180
TI  - Detection of parvovirus B19 DNA, antigen, and particles in the human fetus.
AB  - Human parvovirus B19 commonly infects children, causing erythema infectiosum
      (fifth disease). However, there is a significant adult population which has not
      been exposed to the virus and, consequently, does not have protective antibody.
      Recent reports have associated B19 infection during pregnancy with fetal death,
      although normal outcome of pregnancy is more common. To characterise further the
      role of B19 infection in fetal deaths, a series of laboratory investigations has
      been undertaken on tissues obtained at autopsy. These have demonstrated the
      presence of virion-sized DNA by Southern blotting, viral antigen by
      radioimmunoassay, and viral particles by electron microscopy, all from tissues of
      hydrops fetalis. These data confirm that the human parvovirus B19 can cross the
      placenta and replicate in fetal tissues.

PMID- 3694181
TI  - Immunogenicity of low doses of hepatitis B vaccine in children: a study in 650
      New Zealand children.
AB  - Six hundred and fifty New Zealand children from 2-12 years of age were vaccinated
      three times with 2 mcg intramuscular (IM) doses of Merck Sharp and Dohme plasma
      derived hepatitis B vaccine (H-B-Vax), at 0, 1, and 6 months, and tested 2-3
      months later for antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) by
      radioimmunoassay (RIA). Overall, 96.5% of the children seroconverted for anti-HBs
      by RIA, having levels greater than 2.1 RIA S/N units, with 91.2% having values
      greater than 10 S/N units. Anti-HBs levels were also determined by enzyme
      immunoassay (EIA), by which method a significantly better response was
      demonstrated in 2-4-year-olds than in older children. This study demonstrated
      that a satisfactory anti-HBs response was obtained using one-fifth of the
      recommended doses of hepatitis B vaccine.

PMID- 3694183
TI  - Prediction and consequences of fetal macrosomia.

PMID- 3694182
TI  - Diagnosis and management of malignant external otitis.

PMID- 3694184
TI  - Bulimia presenting as tetany.

PMID- 3694185
TI  - ECG of the month. The blank space. Sinoatrial node dysfunction;first- degree AV
      block.

PMID- 3694186
TI  - The management of high-grade soft tissue sarcoma of the extremities.

PMID- 3694187
TI  - One-day management of vulvovaginal candidiasis.

PMID- 3694188
TI  - Friends or foes? Atrial fibrillation with dimorphic QRS complexes occurring in
      bigeminy.

PMID- 3694189
TI  - Aural cholesteatoma: histology and pathogenesis.

PMID- 3694190
TI  - The effect of temperature on flight initiation in the cockroach Periplaneta
      americana.
AB  - The effect of temperature during development of the flight system of the American
      cockroach was tested. Animals were raised at three different temperatures from
      egg cases to adulthood then various parameters of flight were tested. Animals
      raised at cooler temperatures were found to require significantly stronger wind
      puffs to initiate flight than did animals raised in warmer temperatures. Some
      animals were raised at one temperature during embryonic development (i.e. while
      the animals were still in egg cases) and then switched to a different temperature
      for nymphal development. In these cases only the temperature experienced during
      embryonic development had a significant permanent effect on flight. Parameters
      associated with pattern generation such as interburst interval were not affected
      by temperature during either developmental period.

PMID- 3694191
TI  - Possible interactions of a steroid hormone and neural inputs in controlling the
      death of an identified neuron in the moth Manduca sexta.
AB  - The emergence of the adult Manduca sexta moth is followed by the loss of almost
      half of this insect's abdominal motoneurons and interneurons (Truman, 1983). This
      programmed cell death completes the transformation of the nervous system of the
      caterpillar into that of the moth. The death of these neurons has been previously
      shown to be a response to an endocrine signal: the decline in ecdysteroids that
      occurs at the end of metamorphosis (Truman and Schwartz, 1984). Our current
      research is focussed on the regulation of the fate of a pair of identified
      motoneurons, the MN-12 cells, in the third abdominal ganglion. Isolation of this
      ganglion from anterior parts of the nervous system can prevent the death of these
      cells at the time when they would normally die in response to the decline in
      ecdysteroids. Transection of the ventral nerve cord at various levels revealed
      that the source of this regulatory "death signal" is the fused pterothoracic
      ganglion and that it is transmitted via the interganglionic connectives. We
      hypothesize that the factors mediating this effect may act in concert with the
      ecdysteroid decline to specify the exact time of death for individual neurons.

PMID- 3694192
TI  - Acetylcholine activates cerebral interneurons and feeding motor program in Limax
      maximus.
AB  - The cellular and network effects of acetylcholine (ACh) on the control system for
      feeding in Limax maximus were measured by intracellular recordings from feeding
      command-like interneurons and whole nerve recordings from buccal ganglion motor
      nerve roots that normally innervate the ingestive feeding muscles. The buccal
      ganglion motor nerve root discharge pattern that causes rhythmic feeding
      movements, termed the feeding motor program (FMP), was elicited either by
      attractive taste solutions applied to the lip chemoreceptors or by ACh applied to
      the cerebral ganglia. The ability of exogenous ACh applied to the cerebral
      ganglia to trigger FMP was blocked by the cholinergic antagonists curare and
      atropine. If the strength of the lip-applied taste stimulus was in the range of 1
      2 times threshold, cerebral application of the cholinergic antagonists blocked or
      greatly decreased the ability of lip-applied taste solutions to trigger FMP (5 of
      8 trials). The cerebral feeding interneurons, some of which activate FMP when
      stimulated intracellularly, are excited by small pulses of ACh applied directly
      to the cell body from an ACh-filled micropipette. A pulse of ACh that activates
      several of the feeding interneurons simultaneously triggers FMP. The data suggest
      that under certain stimulus conditions an obligatory set of cholinergic synapses
      onto the feedininterneurons must be activated for taste inputs to trigger
      ingestion. The determination of ACh's action within the feeding control system is
      necessary for understanding how enhanced cholinergic transmission leads to
      prolonged associative memory retention (Sahley, et al., 1986).

PMID- 3694193
TI  - Correlations between song acquisition, song production, and plasma levels of
      testosterone and estradiol in sparrows.
AB  - Male birdsong is a sexually dimorphic behavior characterized by learned dialects.
      In a combined study of learning in relation to steroid levels in the plasma,
      changes in estradiol and testosterone levels were correlated with the timing of
      the sensitive period for song acquisition and with successive stages in song
      development. Male swamp sparrows were trained with a changing series of live
      singing tutors from 26 days to 1 year of age. Song acquisition was concentrated
      between 26 and 47 days of age (57%). By 85 days of age 71% of acquisition was
      completed; some occurred as late as 300 days. There were two major periods when
      testosterone levels were elevated. The first, from 30-80 days, encompassed most
      of the period of song acquisition. The second, from 260 to at least 360 days of
      age, coincided with song development. Estradiol levels were elevated from 18 to
      170 days of age, encompassing almost all of the period of song acquisition. A
      marked estradiol peak between 40 and 50 days coincided with a trough in
      testosterone levels and a hiatus in song acquisition. The strong correlation
      between the second period of elevated testosterone and song motor development
      suggests a causal connection, with levels peaking in mid-development and
      declining during mature song production. Estradiol levels were elevated at the
      start of the study and remained so during early subsong production, from 30 to
      165 days. They then fell to baseline, remaining there throughout the resumption
      of subsong and plastic song production at 250-326 days. Both estradiol and
      testosterone are candidates for possibly affecting song acquisition.

PMID- 3694194
TI  - Compression and expansion without impulse activity in the retinotectal projection
      of goldfish.
AB  - The capacity of regenerating optic fibers to undergo retinotopic compression and
      expansion in the absence of impulse activity was tested by eliminating activity
      with periodic intraocular injections of tetrodotoxin (TTX) during regeneration.
      To test for compression, the posterior half of tectum was removed and the optic
      nerve crushed. For expansion, the temporal half of retina was ablated and the
      nerve also crushed. The projection was then subsequently examined with
      electrophysiological mapping and autoradiographic tracing. Like electrically
      active fibers, silent fibers formed a retinotopically ordered projection that was
      compressed onto the anterior half tectum. Similarly, TTX-treated fibers from a
      nasal half retina formed a retinotopic projection that was expanded across the
      entire tectum. Except for some enlargement of receptive fields produced by the
      TTX, the topography was equivalent to that formed by active fibers. Thus, fibers
      can apparently maintain relative positions irrespective of absolute tectal
      position without the benefit of activity-dependent ordering. This implies the
      existence of an activity-independent mechanism for relative positioning that may
      operate across larger distances than the activity-dependent ordering responsible
      for fine topography and ocular dominance columns.

PMID- 3694196
TI  - Effects of Ca(II) ions on Cu(II) ion-phytic acid interactions.
AB  - In vitro interactions among phytic acid (PA), Cu(II) ions, and Ca(II) ions were
      examined as functions of PA:Cu(II):Ca(II) molar ratios and pH. Ca(II) ions
      competed with Cu(II) ions for binding by the soluble phytate species for
      PA:Cu(II) molar ratios ranging from 10:1 to 1:6 and pH values in the 2.4-5.9
      range. At pH values where precipitation occurred, Ca(II) ions potentiated Cu(II)
      ion binding by the precipitated phytate species for PA:Cu(II) molar ratios of
      10:1 to 1:3. At lower PA:Cu(II) molar ratios, Ca(II) ions competed with Cu(II)
      ions for binding by the precipitated phytate species. Compositions of the
      precipitated copper-calcium phytates are reported.

PMID- 3694195
TI  - Estrogen accumulation in zebra finch song control nuclei: implications for sexual
      differentiation and adult activation of song behavior.
AB  - In zebra finches the gonadal steroid estradiol (E2) directs the sexual
      differentiation of neural regions controlling song and synergizes with androgens
      to stimulate song in adulthood. To identify regions where E2 may act to exert
      these effects, steroid autoradiographic techniques were used to assess cellular
      accumulation of 3[H]-E2 or its metabolites within various nuclei of the zebra
      finch brain. In Experiment 1 we examined brains from juvenile females, still
      within the critical period for E2's effect on sexual differentiation. In
      Experiment 2 the pattern and extent of labeling in adult male brains was
      determined following injection of 3[H]-E2, 3[H]-testosterone, or 3[H]
      dihydrotestosterone. The results suggest that, both during development and in
      adulthood, most song-control nuclei contain few E2-accumulating cells. In
      contrast, many cells densely labeled by 3[H]-E2 or its metabolites are present in
      the hypothalamus and in close proximity to one song-control region, the
      hyperstriatum ventralis pars caudalis (HVc). The distribution of these latter
      cells overlaps with cells that project to another song-related nucleus, Area X.
      Thus, in Experiment 3 fluorescent retrograde tracing and steroid autoradiographic
      techniques were combined to determine if E2-accumulating cells project to Area X
      in adult males. Although a few retrogradely labeled cells were lightly labeled by
      3[H]-E2 or its metabolites, for the most part these appear to be two distinct
      populations of cells. The sparse accumulation of E2 in the zebra finch song
      system contrasts with that described in other song birds and has important
      implications as to the mechanism of E2 action on the developing and mature song
      system.

PMID- 3694197
TI  - Interaction of cis-Pt(ino)2Cl2 with amino acids.
AB  - The reactions of cis-Pt(ino)2Cl2 with the amino acids Gly, L-Ala, L-Val, L-Ileu,
      L-Phe and L-Pro were studied in methanolic solutions. The (1:1) adducts of the
      formulas cis-[Pt(ino)2(am-ac)]Cl were isolated from these reactions in the solid
      state, which in turn produce the cis-[Pt(ino)2(am-acH)Cl]Cl complexes, by
      treating the former with equivalent amounts of HCl, in aqueous solutions. The
      complexes were characterized with elemental analysis, conductivity measurements,
      IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectra. The results show that the purine ring of inosine
      interacts with the aliphatic side chain of the amino acids. The platination
      increases the percentage of the C3'-endo-anti conformation of the sugar part of
      inosine.

PMID- 3694198
TI  - Synthesis, characterization and antitumor properties of some metal complexes of 3
      and 5-substituted salicylaldehyde 2-pyridinylhydrazones.
AB  - Complexes of Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Pt(II) with 3-
      and 5-substituted salicylaldehyde 2-pyridinylhydrazones (XSPH, X = H, 3-NO2, 3
      CH3O, 5-Br, 5-Cl, 5-CH3, or 5-NO2) have been prepared and characterized by
      elemental analysis, conductance measurements, magnetic moments (300-78 K), and
      spectral studies. On the basis of these studies a monomeric, high-spin, distorted
      octahedral structure for Mn(XSPH)2 and Fe(XSPH)2, a dimeric, high-spin, five
      coordinate structure for Co(XSBH)Cl, a dimeric, low-spin, five-coordinate
      structure for Ni(XSPH)Cl and Zn(XSPH)(OAc), and a square-planar structure for
      M(XSPH)Cl.H2O (M = Cu(II) or Pt(II] complexes are suggested. The polycrystalline
      ESR spectra of Cu(II) complexes are isotropic and suggest dx2-y2 ground state in
      square-planar stereochemistry. Mossbauer spectral results indicate distorted
      octahedral structure for iron(II) complexes. All the metal(II) complexes have
      been screened for their antitumor activity against P388 lymphocytic leukemia test
      system in mice and have been found to possess no significant activity at the
      dosages used.

PMID- 3694199
TI  - The neurological practice of a district general hospital.
AB  - In a one year prospective study, 19% of 925 adult medical admissions to a
      district general hospital (the Downe Hospital, Downpatrick, Northern Ireland)
      were due primarily to a neurological complaint. A further 19 cases had an active
      neurological disorder which contributed to their hospital admission. Most were
      acute admissions via the General Practitioner or through the Accident and
      Emergency Department, a situation different from the practice of most regional
      neurological centres. Only 15 patients (8% of the neurological cases) were
      referred to a specialist centre.

PMID- 3694200
TI  - Cerebral radionecrosis: is surgery necessary?
AB  - Seven patients with cerebral necrosis after radiotherapy for carcinoma of the
      nasopharynx are presented. The clinical features included seizures and a varying
      degree of intellectual impairment. In spite of significant mass effect on CT
      scan, the patients remained alert, ambulatory and independent. We believe that
      some cases of cerebral necrosis following radiotherapy for extra-cranial
      neoplasms present in a more benign fashion than has been portrayed in the
      literature, and in the absence of clinical evidence of raised intracranial
      pressure, surgical intervention is unnecessary. The importance of careful
      fractionation of an optimum radiation dose as a preventive measure is emphasised.

PMID- 3694201
TI  - Intraventricular vancomycin in the treatment of ventriculitis associated with
      cerebrospinal fluid shunting and drainage.
AB  - The results of treatment of 50 cases of ventriculitis associated with the use of
      cerebrospinal fluid shunts or external ventricular drains, and treated with
      intraventricular vancomycin, are reported. While the overall cure rate was 66%
      with four cases lost to follow-up, in those cases where treatment involved shunt
      removal, 20 mg vancomycin daily intraventricularly, and another appropriate
      systemic antibiotic, 22 of 24 cases were cured with two cases lost to follow-up.
      In those cases where the shunt was left in during treatment, results were poor
      and revision for blockage of the distal catheter of ventriculoperitoneal shunts
      was required in 44% of these. All five patients whose ventriculitis followed
      external ventricular drainage were cured. Despite relatively high trough levels
      of vancomycin in the cerebrospinal fluid, no evidence of toxicity was seen.

PMID- 3694202
TI  - Bereitschaftspotential in patients with unilateral lesions of the supplementary
      motor area.
AB  - In the present study, an attempt was made to examine the sensitivity of the
      Bereitschaftspotential (BP) preceding simple finger movement in revealing
      pathophysiological patterns of premovement cortical activity in patients with
      chronic unilateral lesions of the supplementary motor area (SMA). Usually, in
      healthy subjects, BP has a clear maximum in Cz with larger amplitudes than in
      Ccon (located over the motor cortex, contralateral to the performing hand). In
      the patients, amplitudes did not differ between Cz and Ccon. This effect of the
      lesion on BP topography, was found in movements of either side. However,
      intraindividual comparisons revealed that the reduction of the BP in Cz (relative
      to Ccon) was larger for movements contralateral to the SMA lesion than for those
      ipsilateral of it.

PMID- 3694203
TI  - Essential tremor: electrophysiological and pharmacological evidence for a
      subdivision.
AB  - Forty five patients with essential tremor have been investigated by means of
      clinical examination, polygraphic EMG records and testing of long-latency
      reflexes. Clinically there were no differences between the patients, whereas the
      electrophysiological investigations suggested two subtypes. One group of patients
      may be characterised by normal long-latency reflexes and synchronous tremor
      bursts in antagonists or activity of the antigravity muscle alone. The second
      group had abnormal long-latency reflexes and reciprocal EMG activity in
      antagonists. It is suggested that these two groups represent distinct subgroups
      of essential tremor. Patients of the first group responded well to propranolol,
      whereas those of the second group did not.

PMID- 3694205
TI  - Pathological changes in the vagus nerve in diabetes and chronic alcoholism.
AB  - The pathological changes in the vagus nerve removed at necropsy have been studied
      in patients with chronic alcoholism and diabetes. Morphometric studies on
      myelinated fibres were performed on the nerve at mid-cervical, lung hilum and
      diaphragmatic levels. In two insulin-dependent diabetics the density of
      myelinated fibres was below the lower limit of the control range at all levels.
      In all the diabetic and chronic alcoholic subjects there was significant
      reduction in the density of myelinated fibres at the most distal level in the
      nerve. The degenerative changes in the nerve are consistent with the findings of
      abnormal vagal function in diabetics and chronic alcoholics.

PMID- 3694204
TI  - Electrophysiological studies in acute organophosphate poisoning.
AB  - Electrophysiological studies in suicidal patients with organophosphate poisoning
      are reported. Patients often developed muscular weakness of variable severity
      owing to diplorisation block at nicotinic receptors. During such paralysis nerve
      conduction velocity and distal latencies were normal even in severely paralysed
      patients. The amplitude of the compound action potential was smaller than in
      controls and often showed a repetitive response. The amplitude tended to be lower
      in those more severely affected. On repetitive stimulation there was usually no
      decrement with three stimuli per second and only occasional decrement at 10 per
      second. At 30 Hz several cases showed a decrement even in the absence of
      paralysis. This response to repetitive stimuli is thus quite distinct from that
      seen in either myasthenia or Eaton Lambert syndrome. On three occasions after
      poisoning with dichlorovos there was first anticholinesterase insecticide
      poisoning and later delayed neurotoxicity as seen with triorthocresylphosphate.
      These cases showed all the features of a severe pure motor axonal degeneration
      neuropathy.

PMID- 3694206
TI  - Conchotome and needle percutaneous biopsy of skeletal muscle.
AB  - Percutaneous muscle biopsy is an important and acceptable technique in the study
      of conditions involving human skeletal muscle. A review of 436 conchotome and
      needle muscle biopsies obtained over 18 months in this centre is presented.

PMID- 3694207
TI  - Two types of confabulation.
AB  - Examples of confabulation in Korsakoff patients, Alzheimer-type dementing
      patients, and healthy subjects are discussed. It is argued that there may be two
      types of confabulation: spontaneous confabulation, which may result from the
      superimposition of frontal dysfunction on an organic amnesia, and provoked
      confabulation, which may reflect a normal response to a faulty memory. In the
      present study, instances of provoked confabulation, given by Korsakoff and
      Alzheimer patients in story recall, were compared with those produced by healthy
      subjects at a prolonged retention interval.

PMID- 3694208
TI  - Selection of aphasic stroke patients for intensive speech therapy.
AB  - Selection criteria for intensive speech therapy and the number of patients
      fulfilling these were investigated in 441 acute strokes coming from a Health
      District population during one year. Five patients from a total of 71 referred
      with speech and/or language difficulties were considered suitable for intensive
      speech therapy at 4 weeks after stroke. Although such therapy was not actually
      given, by 26 weeks three of the five had recovered and 14 further patients were
      considered suitable to receive intensive therapy. The most important selection
      criteria were Functional Communication Profile score of less than 85 and a
      clinical judgement that the patient was well enough to take part. It is
      recommended that decisions as to appropriateness of patients for intensive speech
      therapy be delayed beyond 4 weeks after stroke.

PMID- 3694209
TI  - The effect of increased blood pressure on hemispheric lactate and water content
      during acute cerebral ischaemia in the rat and gerbil.
AB  - Infusions of metaraminol and angiotensin were used to test the effect of
      increased perfusion pressure on tissue metabolism and oedema after induction of
      regional cerebral ischaemia in the rat and the gerbil. An increase of mean
      arterial blood pressure of 30-40 mm Hg in the rat over the first 2 hours after
      diathermy of the middle cerebral artery prevented the 100% rise in hemisphere
      lactate seen in normotensive control animals. Angiotensin infusion also prevented
      early hemispheric oedema in this model. In the gerbil, 4 hours after placing a
      clip on one carotid artery, metaraminol-induced increases in blood pressure had
      no such protective effect on the metabolic changes or on oedema. When the clip
      was removed after 3 hours to permit 1 hour of reperfusion, lactate levels
      returned to normal but the degree of oedema was unchanged. Hypertension in this
      reperfusion model caused a slight but not statistically significant increase in
      oedema. The evidence suggests that moderate increases in blood pressure may be
      protective against the early metabolic sequelae of focal cerebral ischaemia, but
      there are potential problems with oedema formation. It is argued that a clinical
      trial should study the potentially beneficial effects of a brief early increase
      in blood pressure in the acute aftermath of ischaemic stroke.

PMID- 3694210
TI  - Anti-CNS antibodies in neurological and psychiatric disorders.
AB  - To investigate the possibility that anti-CNS antibodies may play a pathogenic
      role in a number of neurological and psychiatric disorders, a population study
      was undertaken. Serum samples were obtained from a total of 257 adults and were
      screened against sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic blots
      of various normal, necropsy-derived adult human brain regions. The incidence of
      IgG immunoreactive banding in the total sample was 30%. Within the diagnostic
      groups the incidence of banding was: controls 32%, schizophrenia 28%, mental
      retardation 27%, cerebellar ataxia 33%, Parkinson's disease 22%, myasthenia
      gravis 45% and epilepsy 31%. The differences are not statistically significant.
      There was no significant difference in the numbers and locations of bands between
      the various diagnostic groups and the controls. The overall incidence of
      immunoreactivity corresponding to the high molecular weight subunit of
      neurofilaments was only 6%, thus not confirming a previously reported incidence
      of 95%. The similarity between the diagnostic and the control sera suggests that
      caution should be exerted in interpreting the pathogenic significance of anti-CNS
      immunoreactive banding on Western blots.

PMID- 3694212
TI  - Photosensitive patients: symptoms and signs during intermittent photic
      stimulation and their relation to seizures in daily life.
AB  - Thirty six patients were studied with a classical photoparoxysmal EEG response to
      intermittent photic stimulation (IPS). Clinical observations and complaints
      reported by patients during standardised IPS were recorded and compared with
      historical data. Twenty seven patients experienced impaired consciousness or
      showed motor phenomena such as involuntary opening of the eyes or jerking on one
      or both sides of the body. Twenty five patients had sensations such as pain in
      the eyes, jerking etc. There existed no relation between the duration of the
      evoked discharges (0.5-3 seconds) and observed signs or complaints. In 11
      instances the clinical features found during IPS were not reported in a history
      taken from the patient and relatives.

PMID- 3694211
TI  - Syringomyelia affecting the entire spinal cord secondary to primary spinal
      intramedullary central nervous system lymphoma.
AB  - A case of syringomyelia involving the entire spinal cord secondary to a spinal
      intramedullary tumour is described. Cerebrospinal fluid cytology and microscopic
      evaluation of gross necropsy specimens revealed a primary large cell lymphoma of
      the central nervous system. In addition there was massive leptomenigeal
      lymphomatosis involving the cortex, brainstem, and cerebellum. No solitary
      intracranial mass lesion was found.

PMID- 3694213
TI  - Dense middle cerebral artery sign: an indicator of poor outcome in middle
      cerebral artery area infarction.
AB  - Thirteen patients with a dense appearance of the horizontal part of the middle
      cerebral artery (MCA) "dense middle cerebral artery sign" in CT scans taken
      within 24 hours after onset of ischaemic stroke had considerably poorer prognosis
      than controls with stroke, but without the sign. A hyperdense appearance of the
      MCA is known to be associated with thromboembolism, but dense middle cerebral
      artery sign is also an early warning of a large infarction, brain oedema and poor
      prognosis in infarction in the MCA area.

PMID- 3694214
TI  - Epileptic seizures evoked by the Rubik's cube.

PMID- 3694215
TI  - Long-standing "stiff-man" syndrome: a particular form of disseminated
      inflammatory CNS disease?

PMID- 3694216
TI  - The Miller Fischer syndrome following campylobacter enteritis: a report of two
      cases.

PMID- 3694217
TI  - Paraganglioma of the cauda equina.

PMID- 3694218
TI  - Does the peripheral blood leukocyte count predict the risk of transient ischaemic
      attacks and strokes?

PMID- 3694219
TI  - Visuospatial impairment in Parkinson's disease: does it exist?

PMID- 3694220
TI  - Cerebral cysticercosis presenting with hemichorea.

PMID- 3694221
TI  - Glycolytic enzymes in the CSF as tumour markers.

PMID- 3694222
TI  - Shoulder abduction fatiguability.

PMID- 3694223
TI  - Immunocytochemical localisation of complement components C8 and C9 in human
      diseased muscle. The role of complement in muscle fibre damage.
AB  - The localisation of the complement components C8 and C9 was studied
      immunocytochemically in human diseased muscle to determine the role of complement
      in muscle fibre damage. Monoclonal antibodies to 2 epitopes of C9 and a
      monoclonal antibody to the alpha subunit of C8 were applied to frozen sections of
      muscle biopsies from 9 cases of dermatomyositis, 5 cases of polymyositis, 7 cases
      of Duchenne muscular dystrophy and 4 cases of Becker muscular dystrophy. These
      were compared with 6 control biopsies which were morphologically normal. In all
      cases of inflammatory myopathies several non-necrotic fibres showed discrete
      peripheral patches of C9 and to a lesser extent C8. In the muscular dystrophies
      peripheral C9 was observed on a few non-necrotic fibres and basophilic fibres
      showed C9 between the fibres as well as at the periphery. In all cases necrotic
      fibres labelled intensely with C9 and C8 but intensities varied with the
      different monoclonal antibodies. This was thought to result from differences in
      the polymerisation of the C9 molecule in the membrane attack complex. Complement
      C8 and C9 were also localised to blood vessels in 3 cases of muscular dystrophy,
      2 cases of polymyositis and all cases of juvenile dermatomyositis. No complement
      was observed in the control samples. Our results provide evidence for the
      sublytic formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC) on non-necrotic fibres in
      inflammatory myopathies and muscular dystrophy. This sublytic formation of the
      MAC may induce sublethal metabolic damage, mediated by calcium, and suggests a
      primary role of complement in muscle damage not only in inflammatory disorders
      but also muscular dystrophy.

PMID- 3694224
TI  - Life spans of Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients in the hospital care program
      in Japan.
AB  - Analysis of 176 autopsy cases of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) demonstrated
      that (1) hospitalized patients showed longer life spans than their non
      hospitalized affected maternal uncles, (2) patients hospitalized recently lived
      longer than those hospitalized in the past, and (3) pulmonary infection has
      become a less frequent cause of death in recent years, whereas dystrophic changes
      of the cardiac and respiratory muscles are more closely related with recent fatal
      cases. These results indicate the changing life span expectancy of patients with
      DMD and the changes in cause of death over the last decade, probably owing to the
      benefits of a hospital care program.

PMID- 3694225
TI  - Hypokalemic periodic paralysis with unusual responses to acetazolamide and
      sympathomimetics.
AB  - Five members in three generations of a family were affected by an illness that
      had many clinical features of the hypokalemic form of periodic paralysis (HPP).
      The serum potassium was either moderately reduced or normal during attacks, and
      there was no evidence of myotonia or cold-intolerance. All of the patients
      improved to a variable degree with oral potassium supplements, and 3 responded
      favorably to triamterene. The usually beneficial drug acetazolamide, however,
      invariably caused weakness in these patients, an effect previously described in
      only one other family with HPP. In addition, amphetamine-like sympathomimetic
      drugs effectively aborted or prevented paralysis in several members. Muscle
      biopsy in two patients revealed some unusual features, and electromyography
      showed myopathic potentials. There was no evidence of diabetes. The urine
      electrolyte concentrations during glucose tolerance tests, however, were
      different from those previously reported in HPP. This family may represent a
      variant form of HPP.

PMID- 3694226
TI  - Down beating nystagmus: magnetic resonance imaging and neuro-otological findings.
AB  - Twenty-four patients with down beating nystagmus (DBN) underwent magnetic
      resonance imaging (MRI) of the head. MRI provided diagnostic images in Arnold
      Chiari malformation (6 cases), cerebellar atrophy (6 cases), 1 case with a
      prepontine-medullary epidermoid tumour and was helpful in the diagnosis of 2
      patients with multiple sclerosis and 1 with a ponto-cerebellar infarct. Multiple
      cerebral hemisphere lesions were found in 6 patients (5 of them over 60 years of
      age) in whom no diagnosis was made. All cases of DBN, plus 3 additional patients
      with Arnold-Chiari malformation and other types of nystagmus, were neuro
      otologically assessed. Sensitivity of the nystagmus to head tilt with respect to
      the gravity vector had no localizing value. Impaired horizontal vestibulo-ocular
      reflex suppression occurred more frequently in those patients with abnormal
      posterior fossa MRI. Pure torsional nystagmus, and DBN with a strong torsional
      component, in patients with Arnold-Chiari malformation was associated with
      syringomyelia. Magnetic resonance is the imaging method of choice for
      investigating patients with DBN.

PMID- 3694227
TI  - Effects of prenatal ethanol exposure on dendritic spines of layer V pyramidal
      neurons in the somatosensory cortex of the rat.
AB  - The number of dendritic spines on consecutive segments from the cell body along
      the 400-600 micron proximal region of the apical dendrites of layer V pyramidal
      neurons, impregnated with the rapid Golgi method, in the somatosensory cortex was
      counted in ethanol-treated rats during gestation (25% ethanol in drinking water
      representing 30-35% of the total caloric intake) and in age-matched controls at
      postnatal ages 4, 15, 30 and 90 days. Although the mean values were lower in
      ethanol-treated rats than in controls during the first fortnight of postnatal
      life, significantly lower numbers of spines were observed only in the 15-day-old
      rat (Student's t-test, P less than 0.01-0.001). Spines with long, thin pedicles
      were characteristically encountered in ethanol-treated and controls aged 4 days;
      this sort of spine also predominated in ethanol-treated rats aged 15 days, but
      not in age-matched controls. The decrease in number and the abnormal morphology
      of spines was no longer present in ethanol-treated rats aged 30 and 90 days.
      These data suggest that impaired maturation of dendritic spines on cortical
      pyramidal cells, followed by recovery of the altered parameters at the end of the
      first postnatal month, occurs in the offspring of ethanol-treated rats during
      gestation.

PMID- 3694228
TI  - Ultrastructural study of the motor end-plate in botulism and Lambert-Eaton
      myasthenic syndrome.
AB  - The motor end-plate fine structure was studied in 3 patients with type A botulism
      and compared with that in 4 patients with Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
      (LES). In the botulism cases a biopsy of the biceps brachii muscle was performed
      at the chronic stage. The skeletal muscle showed a neurogenic change. The nerve
      terminal area had decreased and the postsynaptic regions had been denuded of
      their nerve terminals in 16% of the regions (9.8% in control). No highly
      simplified postsynaptic regions were observed. The findings are consistent with
      those observed at the motor end-plates in motoneuron diseases. By contrast, in
      LES no changes were observed in the presynaptic region. In the postsynaptic
      region, the postsynaptic membrane length and membrane density decreased and
      hypertrophy of the junctional folds was not observed.

PMID- 3694229
TI  - Chronic experimental allergic neuritis. An electrophysiological and histological
      study in the rabbit.
AB  - Ten adult outbred New Zealand white rabbits were inoculated with a single
      multiportal dose of purified bovine peripheral nerve myelin and Freund's adjuvant
      containing 500 mg of nerve antigen. Seven animals developed chronic relapsing or
      progressive disease which was followed by clinical examination for 14 months.
      Electrophysiological studies showed marked slowing of motor conduction velocity,
      dispersion of the evoked muscle action potential (MAP) and reduction in amplitude
      of the MAP derived from distal stimulation. Histological examination of the
      peripheral nervous system showed at 12 months a marked hypertrophic neuropathy in
      the nerve roots with well developed onion bulbs, active demyelination and a
      moderate nerve fibre loss. It is suggested that these animals provide a reliable
      and predictable model for human chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
      (CIDP) which should prove valuable for therapeutic trials and studies of
      pathogenetic mechanisms.

PMID- 3694230
TI  - Unusual features of the Guillain-Barre syndrome after rabies vaccine prepared in
      suckling mouse brain.
AB  - Five patients with acute polyneuritis following treatment with rabies vaccine
      prepared in suckling mouse brains are reported. These patients had severe and
      protracted disease. The extensive cranial nerve involvement, high mortality rate,
      and disabling longterm sequelae were in contrast to cases of the Guillain-Barre
      syndrome not associated with the vaccine.

PMID- 3694231
TI  - Chondroitin, chondroitin 6-sulphate, chondroitin 4-sulphate and dermatan sulphate
      proteoglycans in normal and pathological human muscle.
AB  - Chondroitin, chondroitin 6-sulphate, chondroitin 4-sulphate and dermatan sulphate
      proteoglycans were immunolocalized by monoclonal antibodies applied to human
      muscle sections digested with chondroitinase. In normal muscle the 4
      proteoglycans presented a different extracellular localization: unsulphated
      chondroitin sulphate (chondroitin) was present in the endomysium and around
      capillaries, chondroitin 6-sulphate in the basal membrane zone, chondroitin 4
      sulphate in the vessel adventitia, in the endomysium around capillaries and, to a
      lesser degree, in the perimysium, dermatan sulphate in the perimysium and, to a
      lesser extent, in the vessel adventitia and in the endomysium around capillaries.
      The enlarged endomysium of pathological muscle contained chondroitin and
      chondroitin 4-sulphate. Chondroitin 6-sulphate and dermatan sulphate did not seem
      present in the increased connective tissue. No peculiar pattern was observed in
      the various neuromuscular diseases studied. The specific extracellular
      distribution, the different biochemical composition and the different ability to
      bind to other extracellular components suggest a different biological role of
      these compounds. Chondroitin 6-sulphate is a component of a highly specialized
      extracellular structure, namely basal membrane. Chondroitin and chondroitin 4
      sulphate participate in the composition of actively changing extracellular matrix
      such as the endomysium in pathological muscle. On the other hand, dermatan
      sulphate is a constituent of the perimysium that is a more static extracellular
      structure.

PMID- 3694232
TI  - Acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase activity in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients
      with Parkinson's disease.
AB  - In this study we investigated acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and
      butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activities and the molecular forms of these enzymes
      in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of non-demented and demented Parkinsonian
      patients and in controls. The ratio of AChE to BChE activity was lower in the CSF
      of demented patients than in non-demented patients, although AChE and BChE
      activities and the molecular forms of AChE and BChE were the same in the
      different groups of patients. AChE activity in CSF did not vary according to the
      severity or duration of dementia associated with Parkinson's disease or with the
      disability stage of Parkinson's disease. BChE activity in CSF correlated with
      these clinical parameters, and patients with cerebral atrophy had higher BChE
      activity in CSF than those patients without atrophy. These alterations in the
      BChE activity of CSF may be related to gliosis which occurs in the degenerating
      brain tissue.

PMID- 3694233
TI  - Neuropathological changes of the brain in myotonic dystrophy--some new
      observations.
AB  - Brain autopsy materials from 2 patients with myotonic dystrophy (MyD) were
      studied. The results obtained in these 2 cases were quite similar. Besides
      thalamic inclusion bodies and minor abnormalities in gyral architecture with a
      disordered cortical cellular arrangement, some new observations have been made.
      First, no more than one intracytoplasmic inclusion body per cell was present in
      the cerebral cortex, the thalamus, the caudate nucleus and the putamen; this
      inclusion body was oval or elongated with smooth, sharply defined contours and
      was usually located at the periphery of the cell. Second, irregular
      intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies, often multiple and not surrounded by a halo,
      were found at the periphery or within accumulations of neuromelanin granules in
      the pigmented cells of the substantia nigra. All the bodies described above
      stained highly eosinophilic with hematoxylin-eosin and the ultrastructure of the
      bodies in the thalamus and the substantia nigra was almost the same; these bodies
      were composed of stacks of alternating parallel, light and dark rectilinear
      profiles oriented perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the bodies. Third,
      Marinesco bodies were observed with a very high frequency in the pigmented cells
      of the substantia nigra.

PMID- 3694234
TI  - Effects of endurance exercise on the morphology of mouse neuromuscular junctions
      during ageing.
AB  - It has been suggested that age changes in the morphology of the neuromuscular
      junction (NMJ) may reflect altered physical activity levels rather than the
      unique effects of ageing. Additionally, previous studies have indicated that the
      structure of the NMJ may be modulated with exercise. To investigate these
      questions, quantitative morphometry was determined on soleus and extensor
      digitorum longus (EDL) nerve terminals stained with zinc iodide-osmium from
      C57BL/6NNia mice under control and endurance exercised conditions at 12, 18 and
      24 months of age. As previously observed, the area, perimeter, extent length and
      branch number of nerve terminals increased with age in both soleus and EDL. The
      changes were similar between the muscle types, although the changes were more
      pronounced in the phasic EDL. In 12-month-old animals, 2 months of endurance
      exercise resulted in significantly larger nerve terminals in both soleus and EDL,
      suggesting a functional adaptation. Exercised 18- and 24-month-old nerve
      terminals were smaller than corresponding controls, which indicated that exercise
      minimized or prevented further age-related nerve terminal elaboration. At all
      ages the exercised nerve terminals comprised a more homogeneous population than
      corresponding controls, which indicates that uniform physical activity can
      modulate NMJ morphometry. The magnitude of the changes suggests that subtle
      alterations in normal cage activity with advancing age do not have a significant
      effect on the morphology of nerve terminals. However, the morphology of the NMJ
      does change significantly in response to physical exercise training.

PMID- 3694235
TI  - New types of synaptic connections in crayfish stretch receptor organs: an
      electron microscopic study.
AB  - The synaptic input to crayfish (Orconectes limosus) stretch receptor neurons, and
      the synaptic interactions between the inhibitory and excitatory efferents were
      analysed by electron microscopy of serial sections. Several novel types of
      synaptic connections have been observed: (i) inhibitory synaptic input on the
      axon hillock and initial axon segment; (ii) serial synaptic terminals on the
      sensory cell body; (iii) simultaneous synaptic contacts of the same inhibitory
      terminal with sensory dendrites and muscle fibres; (iv) reciprocal synapses
      between the two types of inhibitory efferents; and (v) inhibitory synapses on the
      primary inhibitory axon. The possible functional significance of these synapses
      is discussed in the light of earlier electrophysiological and pharmacological
      findings.

PMID- 3694236
TI  - Postnatal development of immunohistochemically localized spectrin-like protein
      (calspectin or fodrin) in the rat visual cortex: its excessive expression in
      developing cortical neurons.
AB  - Postnatal development of the expression and localization of a membrane-associated
      cytoskeletal protein, calspectin (fodrin or brain spectrin), in the visual
      cortex, was immunohistochemically studied in newborn to adult rats, by using an
      anti-calspectin antibody. At birth, calspectin-immunoreactivity was already
      present at the plasma membrane and in the cytoplasm of neurons which were mostly
      pyramidal cells located in the upper part of the cortical subplate. Immature
      neurons located in the cortical plate were not stained by the antibody,
      suggesting that calspectin is expressed only in neurons which have differentiated
      or are differentiating. At postnatal days 2 to 7, immunoreactive neurons were
      dramatically increased in layers V and VI and very intense labelling was seen in
      the apical dendrites of layer V pyramidal cells. Most of the stained processes of
      these and other neurons showed signs of rapid dendritic growth, i.e. non-terminal
      as well as terminal growth cones and filopodia. At days 10 to 17, dendrites of
      pyramidal cells in layers II and III became clearly detectable, although still
      slender. At days 24 to 34, the basal dendrites of pyramidal cells in layers II,
      III and V became intensely immunoreactive and dendritic spines were visualized by
      the antibody. In the adult, however, the calspectin immunoreactivity became very
      weak and spines were not recognizable. At all the ages, axons and neuroglia were
      unstained. Also, most of the neurons in layer IV of the cortex were not
      immunoreactive. These results suggest that calspectin is most abundantly
      expressed in growing parts of the dendrites and spines. A hypothesis that
      calspectin may play a role in synaptic plasticity in the developing visual cortex
      is discussed.

PMID- 3694238
TI  - Too old to dream? Nursing in Europe 1986.

PMID- 3694237
TI  - Synaptic organization of the nucleus raphe dorsalis of the cat.
AB  - This electron microscopic study describes the different types of synaptic
      terminals found in the nucleus raphe dorsalis of the adult cat. Serial section
      analysis was used extensively to confirm the nature of the synaptic contact
      established by the various classes of terminals. Five different classes of
      terminals are identified according to the shape and packing density of the
      synaptic vesicles and type of contact they establish. The most common class (RDI
      type) contains densely packed, round, agranular synaptic vesicles and establishes
      asymmetrical synaptic contacts. A second class (RDII-type) also contains
      spherical synaptic vesicles, but establishes symmetrical synaptic contacts with
      dendrites of all sizes. Most of the terminals in these two classes contain a few
      dense-cored synaptic vesicles, but a small sub-group contains many dense-cored
      vesicles. A third, less frequent, class (RSI-type) contains sparsely packed
      spherical synaptic vesicles and the majority of these terminals have asymmetrical
      contacts. A fourth terminal class contains pleomorphic synaptic vesicles (P
      type), contacts dendrites of all sizes, and usually establishes symmetrical
      synaptic contacts. Finally, boutons thought to be the vesicle-filled excrescences
      of dendrites (postsynaptic dendrites) are found and in some cases the dendritic
      origin of these profiles was confirmed by serial sectioning. Such boutons
      containing pleomorphic vesicles are presynaptic to other such dendrites as well
      as conventional dendrites, and are postsynaptic to the other terminal types
      described. Somata within the nucleus exhibit somatic spines but receive few
      synaptic contacts. Most axo-somatic terminals contain either round or pleomorphic
      vesicles and have postsynaptic thickenings intermediate to the symmetric and
      asymmetric types.

PMID- 3694239
TI  - Current perspectives in quality assurance and community health nursing.

PMID- 3694240
TI  - Parental alcoholism and adolescent ego identity.

PMID- 3694241
TI  - Identification of health risks in a young adult population.

PMID- 3694242
TI  - Safe sex and pregnancy prevention: a guide for health practitioners working with
      adolescents.

PMID- 3694243
TI  - Active contraction of nerve bundle and identification of a nerve-contractor
      motoneuron in Aplysia.
AB  - 1. The active contraction or shortening of the nerves of Aplysia kurodai and
      Aplysia juliana was examined. 2. A particular neuron in the abdominal ganglion
      controlled the contractions of the nerves, and the neuron was identified as a
      gill- and siphon-contractor motoneuron previously identified as L7. This was
      based on the following observations, which agreed closely with those reported for
      L7: the position, shape, and color of the cell body of the neuron; the synaptic
      and antidromic activation of the neuron by stimulation of various nerves; and the
      configurations of the major axons as revealed by dye injection into the soma of
      the neuron. Finally, the activation of the neuron contracted the gill, and the
      characteristics of the contraction were those reported for L7. 3. L7 was the only
      neuron we could find in the abdominal ganglion that directly controlled the
      contractions of the nerves. This was supported by the following observations: 1)
      direct or synaptic activation of L7 made the nerves shorter in a firing frequency
      dependent manner. 2) Even single action potentials of L7 contracted the nerves.
      3) When L7 was destroyed, no contractions of the nerves were observed however
      strongly a stimulation was applied. 4) When every synaptic connection in the
      abdominal ganglion was blocked by bathing the ganglion in Cafree artificial
      seawater, direct or spontaneous activation of L7 still made the nerves shorter.
      4. A sensitive marker, cobaltic-lysine complex solution, was injected into the
      cell body of L7, and many fine axonal branches were newly found in the epineurium
      of the nerves. With the use of spike-triggered averaging, small potentials were
      recorded from the contracting nerves. This suggested that the action potentials
      were conducted along the newly found fine branches of the axon to innervate the
      epineurial muscles. 5. We found that L7 is a multifunctional motoneuron that
      contracts nerves.

PMID- 3694244
TI  - Spontaneous ictal-like discharges and sustained potential shifts in the
      developing rat neocortex.
AB  - 1. Intra- and extracellular recording techniques were used to study
      epileptogenesis in in vitro slices of immature rat neocortex. Slices of
      sensorimotor cortex were prepared from animals 5-60 days old. Epileptiform
      activity was induced by bath application of 50 microM picrotoxin. 2. Convulsant
      induced paroxysmal activity was observed only rarely in the youngest age group (5
      7 days) and consisted of orthodromically evoked bursts of low-amplitude isolated
      discharges. This activity was labile and could be evoked only at long
      interstimulus intervals (greater than 10 s). 3. Extracellular recordings in
      slices from 8- to 15-day-old rats showed spontaneous epileptiform activity
      consisting of 10- to 30-s paroxysms of repetitive spike discharges superimposed
      on a 3- to 5-mV negative steady potential. This steady potential declined
      slightly during the course of the prolonged discharge and returned quickly to
      base line following the last spike discharge. 4. Laminar analysis of epileptiform
      activity in 8- to 15-day-old rats showed that the spike discharges were negative
      and superimposed on a positive slow wave in superficial cortical layers. At 100
      micron below the pial surface, the slow potential reversed polarity and remained
      negative throughout the remainder of the cortex. Spike discharges reversed
      polarity 800 micron below the pial surface. 5. In intracellular recordings from
      slices obtained from 9- to 14-day-old animals, each paroxysm began with a sharply
      rising membrane depolarization (paroxysmal depolarizing shift, or PDS). A second
      PDS occurred before the cells repolarized to their resting potential. A series of
      PDSs then followed, superimposed on a sustained membrane depolarization. This was
      associated with a 33% decrease in input resistance. Afterhyperpolarizations
      (AHPs) following termination of the depolarization were low in amplitude or
      absent. 6. In the 16- to 30-day-old age group, extracellular recordings showed
      paroxysmal activity consisting of 3-10 initial spikes followed by a sustained,
      slow, negative-potential shift. This slow potential could be as great as 30 mV in
      amplitude and could last as long as 180 s. Paroxysmal events recurred
      spontaneously at intervals of 4-11 min. Spontaneous PDSs and slow, negative
      potential shifts were not observed after 30 days of age, although PDSs could
      still be evoked by orthodromic stimulation. 7. Intracellular recordings in the 16
      to 30-day-old group revealed that each paroxysmal event consisted of an initial
      period of increased synaptic activity and cellular firing, followed by a marked,
      long-lasting depolarization (LLD), culminating in an AHP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 3694245
TI  - Properties of neuronal activity related to a visual reaction time task in the
      monkey prefrontal cortex.
AB  - 1. Quantitative properties of neuronal activity related to a visual reaction time
      task were studied in the monkey prefrontal cortex. The task consisted of an
      initial waiting phase (3.0-s period), a warning phase (green lamp, a variable
      period of 1.5-3.5 s), a go phase (red lamp), and a reward phase. 2. A total of
      189 task-related neurons showed 233 changes in discharge rates during the warning
      (n = 86), GO (n = 103), and reward (n = 44) phases of the task. Most of the task
      related neurons (145/189, 77%) showed changes during only one of the task phases,
      and were designated W (warning phase)-type (n = 42), GO (go phase)-type (n = 59),
      and RE (reward phase)-type (n = 44) neurons. The remainder (n = 44, 23%) showed
      changes during both the warning and the go phases, and were designated WG
      (warning and go phase)-type neurons. In each phase, onset latencies, peak
      latencies, and decay times of each change were measured and compared. 3. The
      changes during the warning phase (n = 86) were separated into three groups based
      on decay time; that is, phasic changes (n = 31), phasic-tonic changes (n = 23),
      and tonic changes (n = 32). Onset latencies and peak latencies were homogeneously
      distributed, and there were no clear groupings, although phasic and phasic-tonic
      changes tended to show shorter latencies than tonic changes. 4. The changes
      during the go phase (n = 103) did not show distinct differences, either in terms
      of decay time or of latency. The changes during the go phase showed various
      degrees of coupling to both the visual go signal (GS) and lever-release hand
      movement. To quantitate the coupling, a value to indicate the degrees of coupling
      (coupling index) was calculated. The changes coupled more strongly to the GS (cue
      coupled), those coupled more closely to the lever release (movement coupled), and
      intermediate changes could be distinguished from each other. The cue-coupled
      changes showed shorter latencies from the time onset of the GS than the movement
      coupled changes, and the intermediate changes showed intermediate latencies. The
      decay time and the duration of the intermediate changes were longer than those of
      the cue-coupled changes and the movement-coupled changes. 5. The properties of WG
      type neurons were compared with those of W-type and GO-type neurons.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3694246
TI  - Catecholamine sensitivities of neurons related to a visual reaction time task in
      the monkey prefrontal cortex.
AB  - 1. Using microiontophoretic techniques and conscious monkeys, sensitivities to
      noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine (DA) of neurons of the prefrontal cortex (PFC),
      which showed changes in activity during a visual reaction time task, were
      investigated. The visual reaction time task was initiated by the pressing of a
      lever and consisted of four phases: an initial waiting phase of 3.0 s, a warning
      phase (green light of variable duration of 1.5-3.5 s), a lever release go phase
      (red light), and a final reward phase. 2. A total of 153 neurons, which showed
      changes in activity during one or two phase(s) of the task, were sampled. Of
      these neurons, 39 changed their activity during the warning phase, 48 changed
      their activity during the go phase, 38 changed their activity during both the
      warning and the go phases, and 28 changed their activity during the reward phase.
      3. Iontophoretically applied NA and DA (with a current of 30-70 nA, but usually
      with a current of 50 nA) induced excitatory and/or inhibitory responses in 141 of
      the 153 task-related neurons. NA induced responses in 99 neurons, and these
      responses were predominantly inhibitory (n = 90). DA induced excitatory (n = 62)
      and inhibitory (n = 30) responses in 92 neurons. Fifty neurons were sensitive to
      both NA and DA. 4. The neurons showing changes in activity during different
      phases of the task showed different sensitivities to NA and DA applied with 50
      nA. The warning phase-related neurons were primarily sensitive to NA (36/39), the
      go phase-related neurons were primarily sensitive to DA (44/48), neurons related
      to both the warning and go phases were sensitive to both NA and DA (33/38), and
      the reward phase-related neurons were primarily sensitive to NA (23/28). 5. In
      the neurons that showed increased changes in activity during the warning phase,
      NA reduced the background activity to a greater extent than the activity during
      the warning phase and increased the ratio of the warning phase-related activity
      to the background activity. In the neurons that showed decreased changes during
      the warning phase, NA reduced the activity during the warning phase to a great
      extent than the background activity, and increased ratio of the background
      activity to the warning phase-related activity. Furthermore, the latency of onset
      of the change in activity tended to become shorter by application of NA. Thus, NA
      enhanced the change in activity during the warning phase, irrespective of whether
      the direction of the change was toward an increase or a decrease.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3694247
TI  - Central sites involved in lateral hypothalamus conditioned neural responses to
      acoustic cues in the rat.
AB  - 1. Unit activity in the lateral hypothalamus (LHA) of the rat was recorded during
      discrimination learning of cue-tone stimuli (CTS) predicting glucose (CTS1+) or
      intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) (CTS2+) as positive reinforcement or
      electric shock (CTS1-) or tail pinch (CTS2-) as negative reinforcement. The same
      action, licking, was used as the behavioral response to all stimuli. Procaine
      hydrochloride, a local anesthetic, was microinjected into the ventral tegmental
      area (VTA) and the amygdala (AM). LHA neuron responses and licking were analyzed
      to investigate the afferent input pathway(s) responsible for LHA neural responses
      to conditioning CTSs in positive reinforcement and to identify the central site
      involved in CTS learning. Although the animals were restrained, there was no
      respiratory, cardiac rate, or blood pressure evidence of stress. The headholder
      was specially designed in our laboratory to avoid pain or discomfort to the
      animal. The subjects would often, after the first few sessions, voluntarily enter
      into position in the apparatus, presumably to obtain the reward available during
      the experiments. 2. In positive reinforcement, a rat was rewarded by 5
      microliters of glucose or ICSS when it licked a spout. The rat licked for glucose
      after CTS1+ or for ICSS after CTS2+. In negative reinforcement, an aversive
      stimulus, either electric shock or tail pinch, was applied if the rat did not
      lick the spout. The electric shock and tail pinch were maintained weak enough to
      produce an avoidance ratio less than 20-30%, averaged in all trials. The rat
      licked to avoid electric shock after CTS1- or tail pinch after CTS2-. 3. Of 271
      LHA neurons analyzed, 202 (74.5%) responded to either or both rewarding and
      aversive stimuli. The number of neurons that responded to only rewarding stimuli
      was relatively large (105/271), and the number that responded similarly to both
      rewarding and aversive stimuli was small (29/271). The effects of both glucose
      and ICSS, and the effects of both electric shock and tail pinch, were usually
      similar in neurons analyzed for both rewarding and aversive stimulation. Of 271
      neurons, 173 responded differentially to rewarding and aversive stimuli. 4.
      Neural and behavioral responses were recorded before, during, and after local
      anesthesia of the VTA in 15 rats and of the AM in 14 rats. Injections of 0.3-0.8
      microliters of 5% procaine hydrochloride or 0.9% saline were made at a rate of
      0.3 microliters/min through guide cannulae chronically implanted in the VTA and
      AM, ipsilateral to the recording and ICSS sites in 29 rats that self
      stimulated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3694248
TI  - Responses of feline medial medullary reticulospinal neurons to cardiac input.
AB  - 1. Responses of medial medullary reticulospinal (RS) neurons to electrical
      stimulation of cardiac sympathetic afferents, probing the epicardium and
      epicardial application of bradykinin, were determined in cats anesthetized with
      alpha-chloralose. Conduction velocity of RS cells averaged 67 m/s; these neurons
      were probably part of the RS motor pathway and the bulbospinal pathway that
      modulates ascending information. Fifty-three RS neurons had unilateral
      projections and 18 neurons bilateral projections to the thoracic spinal cord. 2.
      Maximal electrical stimulation of the left stellate ganglion excited 69% of 97 RS
      neurons with a mean latency of 15 +/- 1.0 ms. Mean spike discharge rate increased
      from 4 +/- 1.2 to 93 +/- 8.0 spikes/s for responsive neurons. 3. Epicardial
      bradykinin (0.04 mg) excited 34%, inhibited 2%, and did not affect 64% of 44 RS
      cells tested. Excited neurons increased their mean discharge rate from 12.3 +/-
      3.6 to 18.2 +/- 4.3 spikes/s, with a latency of 24 +/- 3.0 s, in response to
      bradykinin. Response duration averaged 43 +/- 2.3 s. Neurons responsive to
      bradykinin had greater spontaneous discharge rates than unresponsive neurons.
      Thirteen of 16 RS cells excited by bradykinin were located in the gigantocellular
      tegmental field (FTG); the other three cells were in the paramedian nucleus (PR).
      4. Epicardial bradykinin often elicited changes in aortic pressure. Although some
      neurons responded to altered blood pressure alone, these responses could not
      account for responses to bradykinin. Furthermore, the percentage of responsive
      neurons was similar in experiments with intact nerves as well as those with
      vagotomy and barodenervation. 5. Touching the epicardium with a blunt probe
      excited 19 of 60 (32%) RS neurons, and visceral receptive fields were mapped for
      12 of these cells. Neurons responded with one to three spikes to probing. RS
      neurons responsive to probing were scattered throughout the medial reticular
      formation. 6. RS cells were also tested for somatic, auditory, and visual input.
      Of 63 neurons responsive to sympathetic afferent stimulation, only one did not
      receive convergent input from at least one of these sources; 51% received input
      from each tested source. Neurons responsive to bradykinin were more likely to
      receive visual input than the general population of neurons. RS neurons
      unresponsive to sympathetic afferent stimulation were less likely to receive
      convergent inputs from other sensory modalities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3694249
TI  - Motor-unit responses in human wrist flexor and extensor muscles to transcranial
      cortical stimuli.
AB  - 1. Transcranial cortical stimuli (TCCS) were used to elicit motor responses in
      contralateral wrist flexor and extensor muscles of healthy adult subjects. The
      motor responses were assessed by surface EMG recordings, by needle recordings of
      single motor-unit discharges, and by measurements of wrist twitch force. Our main
      aim was to analyze the single-unit events underlying those changes in latency,
      amplitude, and duration of the compound EMG responses, which could be induced by
      voluntary preactivation of target muscles and by changes in stimulation strength.
      2. Different stimulus strengths were tested with and without background
      contractions in the flexor or extensor muscles. For each test (consisting of a
      series of 20 stimuli) the compound EMG responses were averaged and displayed
      together with the averaged wrist force signals. Responses of individual flexor
      and extensor motor units were displayed in raster diagrams and peristimulus time
      histograms. For units exhibiting a background firing, the mean background
      interdischarge interval was calculated and compared with the subsequent
      poststimulus intervals. 3. In relaxed muscles, a shortening of onset latency of
      evoked compound EMG responses was observed when raising stimulation strength. A
      similar latency reduction was not seen in any of the single-unit recordings. This
      would be consistent with the size principle of motoneuron recruitment. 4. A
      shortening of onset latency of evoked EMG potentials was observed also as a
      result of a voluntary preactivation. Such latency shifts, which were seen also in
      single-unit recordings, might be attributed to variations in the time required
      for D and I wave temporal summation at the anterior horn cell. 5. When raising
      stimulation strength or when adding voluntary background contraction, the evoked
      compound EMG potential grew not only in amplitude but also in duration, as later
      peaks of activity were added to the initial ones. Under optimal conditions
      (strong stimulus + background contraction), the period of excitation (termed E1)
      had an onset latency of approximately 15 ms and a duration of approximately 35 ms
      and was similar for wrist flexor and extensor muscles. 6. We never saw the same
      flexor or extensor unit fire more than once during the E1 period. For units
      preactivated by a background contraction, the stimulus-triggered impulse
      exhibited latency shifts, which, to a large extent, depended on the timing of the
      stimulus in relation to a preceding background discharge and which could be
      influenced by a change in stimulation strength.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3694250
TI  - Serotonin and forskolin increase an inwardly rectifying potassium conductance in
      cultured identified Aplysia neurons.
AB  - 1. The effect of serotonin (5-HT) and forskolin on an inwardly rectifying K+
      conductance (IKR) was studied using voltage-clamp techniques in several
      identified Aplysia neurons isolated and maintained in primary cell culture. 2.
      Inward rectification was observed in the current-voltage relationship of the
      identified neurons R15, R2, B1, and B2 and was predominately due to IKR, as
      demonstrated by the dependence of inward rectification on the extracellular K+
      concentration, instantaneous kinetics of the membrane current response to
      hyperpolarizing voltage clamp pulses, and voltage-dependent Ba2+ block of the
      inwardly rectifying current. 3. 5-HT increased IKR conductance between 100 and
      400% in the identified neuron R15 in culture and increased IKR conductance
      approximately 50% in the identified neurons B1, B2, and R2 in culture. The
      adenylate cyclase activator, forskolin, plus a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, Ro 20
      1724, also increased IKR conductance in these neurons. 4. 5-HT and forskolin
      modulated other ion conductances as well in all of these cultured neurons.

PMID- 3694251
TI  - Serotonin and forskolin modulation of a chloride conductance in cultured
      identified Aplysia neurons.
AB  - 1. The effect of serotonin (5-HT) and forskolin on a hyperpolarization activated
      Cl- conductance (gCl-) was studied using voltage-clamp techniques in identified
      Aplysia neurons maintained in primary cell culture. 2. The hyperpolarization
      activated conductance induced by intracellular Cl- loading was carried by Cl- as
      determined by the following criteria: the extrapolated reversal potential of the
      current closely approximated the reversal potential of a cholinergic Cl-
      conductance, the current was not affected by extracellular ion substitutions
      other than Cl-, extracellular thiocyanate ions reversibly inhibited the current
      and the current exhibited slow voltage-dependent exponential kinetics similar to
      those described for the hyperpolarization-activated Cl- current in Aplysia
      neurons in situ. 3. In the identified neurons B1, B2, R15, and R2, 5-HT or
      forskolin reversibly inhibited gCl-, suggesting that 5-HT acted via an adenosine
      3',5'-cyclic monophosphate-dependent mechanism. 4. Serotonergic inhibition
      resulted from a change in the voltage dependence of Cl- channel gating.

PMID- 3694252
TI  - X-cells in the cat retina: relationships between the morphology and physiology of
      a class of cat retinal ganglion cells.
AB  - 1. The morphology of 21 physiologically characterized X-cells in the cat retina
      was studied using intracellular recording and injection with horseradish
      peroxidase. The data from these experiments were used to test directly the
      relationships between specific structural and functional characteristics of a
      sample of individual retinal ganglion cells of the same anatomical and
      physiological class. Where possible, the response properties of 53 other retinal
      X-cells that were not successfully injected and recovered are compared with those
      of the labeled sample. These comparisons, which included conduction velocities
      (both intraretinal and extraretinal) and receptive-field size, indicate that the
      labeled X-cells are a representative sample of the population of retinal X-cells
      at corresponding eccentricities. 2. The somata of this group of injected retinal
      X-cells increase in size with increasing distance from the area centralis up to
      13 degrees eccentricity (the greatest distance from the area centralis at which
      an X-cell was injected and recovered). The soma sizes of this sample of retinal
      ganglion cells range from 143.5 to 529.9 micron 2 (diam = 13.5-26.0 micron).
      Comparison of the soma sizes of the injected and recovered retinal X-cells with
      those of 300 Nissl-stained neurons at comparable eccentricities in the same
      retinae indicate that the injected sample had soma sizes that are consistent with
      their classification as "medium-sized" retinal ganglion cells (5, 69, 74). 3. All
      of the physiologically characterized retinal X-cells of this study have the
      compact dendritic arbors described to the morphological class of retinal ganglion
      cell called beta-cells by Boycott and Wassle (5). The dendrites of some of these
      neurons have many spinelike appendages, whereas those of other cells are nearly
      appendage free. We found no obvious correlation between the presence of dendritic
      appendages and any specific response characteristic ("ON-" or "OFF-center", etc).
      Like the size of the soma, both the diameter of the dendritic arbors of these
      cells, and the number of primary dendrites (those dendrites that originate
      directly from the soma), increase with increasing distance from the area
      centralis. 4. Since both morphological and physiological data were obtained for
      these neurons, it is possible to describe the relationship between the size of
      the receptive-field center and the diameter of the dendritic arbor for individual
      retinal ganglion cells. These comparisons show that the relationship between the
      anatomical measure and this response parameter for the entire sample of labeled X
      cells is not as strong as had previously been suggested.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 3694253
TI  - Functional and neuronal binocularity in kittens raised with rapidly alternating
      monocular occlusion.
AB  - 1. In order to determine the degree of synchrony of binocular activation required
      for the development of binocularity we reared 11 kittens with rapidly alternating
      monocular occlusion. Alternating occlusion was achieved with microprocessor
      controlled electrooptic solid-state shutters, which were fitted to individually
      moulded goggles. The intervals of alternating occlusion were varied from 50 to
      1,000 ms. Two normally reared kittens and three kittens that were reared with the
      shutters operating synchronously with open/close intervals of 50/50 ms, 200/200
      ms, and 400/100 ms, respectively, were used as controls. Toward the end of the
      critical period we examined the kittens' ability for binocular depth
      discrimination and tested binocular luminance summation of the pupillary light
      reflex. Single-cell recordings were made from the visual cortex in order to
      determine the percentages of binocularly excitable neurons. 2. There was a good
      correlation between the degree of asynchrony of binocular experience, the
      impairment of depth discrimination, and the percentage of binocular neurons.
      Kittens reared with alternation rates of 200, 330, and 400 ms, respectively, had
      developed normal binocularity and were indistinguishable from the controls.
      Alternation rates of 500 ms or longer prevented the development of normal depth
      discrimination and luminance summation and resulted in reduced cortical
      binocularity. 3. A linear relationship between depth discrimination, binocular
      luminance summation, and percentages of binocular neurons was found. 4. Our
      findings indicate that an asynchrony of binocular activation of several hundred
      milliseconds is compatible with the development of normal binocularity in the
      kitten visual system.

PMID- 3694254
TI  - Action-potential discharge in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons: current source
      density analysis.
AB  - 1. The site of origin of evoked action-potential discharge in hippocampal CA1
      pyramidal neurons was investigated using the in vitro rat hippocampal slice
      preparation. 2. Action-potential discharge in pyramidal cells was evoked by
      stimulation of efferent pyramidal cell fibers in the alveus (antidromic) or
      afferent synaptic inputs in stratum oriens (SO) or stratum radiatum (SR). Laminar
      profiles of evoked extracellular field potentials were recorded at 25-micron
      intervals along the entire dendrosomatic axis of the pyramidal cell and a one
      dimensional current source-density analysis was applied. 3. Suprathreshold
      stimulation of the alveus evoked an antidromic population spike response and
      current sink with the shortest peak latency in stratum pyramidale or proximal
      stratum oriens. A biphasic positive/negative potential associated with a current
      source/sink was recorded in dendritic regions, with both components increasing in
      peak latency with distance from the border of stratum pyramidale. 4.
      Suprathreshold stimulation of SO or SR evoked a population spike response
      superimposed upon the underlying synaptic depolarization at all levels of the
      dendrosomatic axis. The shortest latency population spike and current sink were
      recorded in stratum pyramidale or proximal stratum oriens. In dendritic regions,
      a biphasic positive/negative potential and current source/sink conducted with
      increasing latency from the border of stratum pyramidale. 5. A direct comparison
      of alvear- and SR-evoked responses revealed a basic similarity in population
      spike potentials and associated sink/source relationships at both the somatic and
      dendritic level and a similar shift in peak latency of spike components along the
      pyramidal cell axis. 6. It is concluded that the initial site for generation of a
      spike along the dendrosomatic axis of the pyramidal cell following antidromic or
      orthodromic stimulation is in the region of the cell body layer (soma or axon
      hillock). Action-potential discharge in dendritic regions then occurs as the
      result of a subsequent retrograde spike invasion of basal and apical dendritic
      arborizations.

PMID- 3694255
TI  - Action and localization of acetylcholine in the cat retina.
AB  - 1. Retinal ganglion cells were recorded extracellularly in the intact eye of
      anesthetized adult cats. The effects of acetylcholine (ACh), the muscarinic
      antagonist scopolamine (Sco), the nicotinic antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine
      (DBE), and the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine (Phy) on maintained
      and light-evoked ganglion cell discharge was examined using iontophoresis
      techniques. 2. A monoclonal antibody directed against the ACh synthesizing enzyme
      choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) was used to label cholinergic cells in retinal
      wholemounts. The topographical distribution of these cells was studied. 3.
      Intracellular filling with the fluorescent dye lucifer yellow (LY) was performed
      to identify the dendritic morphology of putative cholinergic neurons. 4. ACh
      increased and Sco decreased neuronal activity of all brisk ganglion cell types
      under all stimulus conditions tested in this study. The action of ACh was
      abolished during simultaneous application of Sco. 5. DBE raised the firing rate
      of ON-center brisk cells and decreased activity of OFF-center brisk cells. Again
      there was no difference under different stimulus conditions. During DBE
      application the ACh action on OFF-center cells was completely blocked. The ACh
      action on ON-center cells was diminished. 6. Phy prolonged and enhanced ACh
      action on all ganglion cell types. During simultaneous stimulation of the
      receptive-field center and the surround, Phy caused an activity shift in favor of
      the center response. 7. Immunocytochemical staining revealed two populations of
      amacrine cells, one in the inner nuclear layer, and the other in the ganglion
      cell layer. Their total density increased from 250 cells/mm2 in the periphery to
      2,700 cells/mm2 in the central area. Analysis of the distribution pattern
      indicated a functional independence of the two subpopulations. 8. The dendritic
      morphology of putative cholinergic amacrine cells in the cat retina resembled
      that of rabbit and rat "starburst" amacrines, which are known to be cholinergic.
      9. The possible function of cholinergic amacrine cells in the cat retina is
      discussed in view of the present findings and compared with results from other
      mammalian species.

PMID- 3694256
TI  - Cholinergic innervation of the smooth muscle cells in the choroid coat of the
      chick eye and its development.
AB  - The mechanical and pharmacological characteristics of the cholinergic activation
      of the smooth muscle in the choroidal coat of the chick eye have been assessed in
      tissues isolated from birds 1 d posthatching using histological,
      electrophysiological, and immunological techniques. The choroidal coat is
      innervated by a dense network of cholinergic nerves that make en passant synapses
      with smooth muscle. Thirty-hertz stimulation of these nerves initiates red blood
      cell (RBC) movement in the vessels of the choroidal coat, and this activation is
      blocked by muscarinic ACh receptor (AChR) antagonists. Force-transducer
      recordings of nerve-induced contractions of this tissue have a slow onset and
      relaxation time course similar to those of smooth muscle contractions.
      Furthermore, since nearly half the cholinergic neurons innervating the choroid
      die within a defined period during development, the onset and pharmacology of
      this innervation were studied during embryogenesis. With a neural cytoskeletal
      like immunostain, we demonstrated that choroid axons are present in peripheral
      tissue by stage (St) 29. Extracellular electrical recordings made after choroid
      nerve stimulation allowed us to distinguish axon from muscle responses. These
      procedures permitted us to examine the time course of the innervation of the
      smooth muscle. However, to visualize the postsynaptic smooth muscle response, it
      was necessary to treat the isolated preparation with tetraethylammonium chloride
      (TEA). Accordingly, TEA-enhanced electrical smooth muscle responses to single
      nerve stimuli could be recorded only after St 39. Treatment of the nerve-muscle
      preparation with prostigmine allowed the recording of TEA-enhanced electrical
      activity as early as St 36 (1 d after the beginning of the normal choroid neuron
      death period). This synaptic activation was completely blocked by atropine or
      quinuclidinyl benzylate (QNB), and was not affected by alpha bungarotoxin (alpha
      BTX), indicating that, as in the posthatching tissue, neuromuscular transmission
      is mediated by muscarinic receptors. These results show that cholinergic
      muscarinic activation of the choroidal coat can occur as early as St 36, but that
      it is not as efficient as transmission later in embryogenesis.

PMID- 3694257
TI  - Muscarinic receptor binding and muscarinic receptor-mediated inhibition of
      adenylate cyclase in rat brain myelin.
AB  - High-affinity muscarinic cholinergic receptors were detected in myelin purified
      from rat brain stem with use of the radioligands 3H-N-methylscopolamine (3H-NMS),
      3H-quinuclidinyl benzilate (3H-QNB), and 3H-pirenzepine. 3H-NMS binding was also
      present in myelin isolated from corpus callosum. In contrast, several other
      receptor types, including alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenergic receptors, present in
      the starting brain stem, were not detected in myelin. Based on Bmax values from
      Scatchard analyses, 3H-pirenzepine, a putative M1 selective ligand, bound to
      about 25% of the sites in myelin labeled by 3H-NMS, a nonselective ligand that
      binds to both M1 and M2 receptor subtypes. Agonist affinity for 3H-NMS binding
      sites in myelin was markedly decreased by Gpp(NH)p, indicating that a major
      portion of these receptors may be linked to a second messenger system via a
      guanine-nucleotide regulatory protein. Purified myelin also contained adenylate
      cyclase activity; this activity was stimulated several fold by forskolin and to
      small but significant extents by prostaglandin E1 and the beta-adrenergic agonist
      isoproterenol. Myelin adenylate cyclase activity was inhibited by carbachol and
      other muscarinic agonists; this inhibition was blocked by the antagonist
      atropine. Levels in myelin of muscarinic receptors were 20-25% and those of
      forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase 10% of the values for total particulate
      fraction of whole brain stem. These levels in myelin are appreciably greater than
      would be predicted on the basis of contamination. Also, additional receptors and
      adenylate cyclase, added by mixing nonmyelin tissue with whole brain stem, were
      quantitatively removed during the purification procedure. In conclusion, both M1
      and M2 muscarinic receptor subtypes and an adenylate cyclase system linked to at
      least some of these receptors are present as intrinsic components of myelin. The
      possibility that some of these muscarinic receptors may be involved in regulation
      of phosphinositide metabolism and the protein kinase activities of myelin is
      considered.

PMID- 3694258
TI  - Ionic conductances underlying the activity of interneurons that control heartbeat
      in the medicinal leech.
AB  - Electrical properties of interneurons that control heartbeat in the leech (HN
      cells) were studied using intracellular recording and stimulation in isolated
      ganglia bathed by salines of various ionic compositions. Substitution of Na+ ions
      in the bath by Tris stopped the spontaneous firing of HN cells and led to their
      gradual hyperpolarization by 15-20 mV. In the absence of Na+, HN neurons produced
      long-lasting regenerative plateau potentials with thresholds near -55 mV and
      peaks near -30 mV that were accompanied by an increase in membrane conductance.
      Elevation of Ca2+ concentration enhanced plateaus, as did replacement of Ca2+ by
      Ba2+. Plateaus were formed when Sr2+ replaced Ca2+, but were blocked by addition
      of Mg2+ or Co2+ to the bath, Co2+ being effective at lower concentrations than
      Mg2+. Hyperpolarization of HN neurons with injected currents revealed a time
      dependent change in membrane potential, whereby initial maximum hyperpolarization
      was followed by a "sag" in potential towards more depolarized values. The sag
      showed dual voltage dependence, being diminished when HN neurons were
      hyperpolarized or depolarized outside the normal range of oscillation. The sag
      was found to depend on the presence of Na+ ions and to be blocked by Cs+ but not
      by Ba2+. This time-dependent change in membrane potential counters
      hyperpolarizations of HN neuron membrane potential and may contribute to the
      escape of these neurons from synaptic inhibition.

PMID- 3694259
TI  - Slow oscillations of membrane potential in interneurons that control heartbeat in
      the medicinal leech.
AB  - In the preceding paper (Arbas and Calabrese, 1987), we identified several
      properties that contribute to the activity of neurons (HN cells) that control
      heartbeat in the medicinal leech. Premotor HN (7) interneurons, which do not
      generate the heartbeat rhythm, exhibit Na+-dependent fast action potentials, Ca2+
      mediated plateau potentials in the absence of Na+, and hyperpolarization
      activated "restorative" changes in membrane potential that depolarize the
      membrane potential on hyperpolarization due to injected currents or synaptic
      inhibition. HN interneurons of ganglia 3 and 4 (i.e., timing oscillator
      interneurons) exhibit all of the properties described for HN (7) interneurons and
      have the additional characteristic that they are connected in oscillatory
      circuits. Reciprocal oscillations in membrane potential occurred in the bilateral
      HN interneurons (3) and (4) in the presence of elevated Ca2+ that were
      independent of Na+ -mediated action potentials. Their ability to oscillate in
      this way is based on 3 parameters: (1) production of a regenerative plateau
      potential by one of the pair of HN neurons in either ganglion, (2) inhibition of
      the contralateral HN neuron by the HN neuron in plateau, and (3) a phase
      transition mediated by escape from inhibition by the hyperpolarized HN neuron.
      The conductances responsible for restorative membrane potential shifts activated
      by hyperpolarization during synaptic inhibition may mediate the escape from
      inhibition that times the phase transition of the 2 HN neurons.

PMID- 3694260
TI  - Structurally different neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes
      purified and characterized using monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Acetylcholine receptors that bind nicotine with high affinity but do not bind
      alpha-bungarotoxin have recently been immunoaffinity purified from brains of
      chickens and rats (Whiting and Lindstrom, 1986a, b; Whiting and Lindstrom,
      1987a). Antisera to these receptors bind to the nicotinic receptors that regulate
      cation channel opening on chick ciliary ganglion neurons (Stollberg et al., 1986)
      and rat PC12 cells (Whiting et al., 1987c). Here we report the preparation and
      characterization of monoclonal antibodies to chicken brain acetylcholine
      receptors. These monoclonal antibodies are used to identify 2 nicotinic receptor
      subtypes in the chicken brain. The 2 subtypes have very similar affinities for
      nicotine and other cholinergic agonists and antagonists. However, they are
      structurally distinct, having very similar or identical alpha subunits (Mr
      49,000), but different beta subunits (Mr 59,000, or for beta' subunit, Mr
      75,000). Evidence is presented that suggests that the subunit stoichiometry of
      these neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors is alpha n = 2 - 3 beta n = 2 -
      3. Different levels of receptor subtype expression were detected in embryonic,
      compared to adult, chicken brain.

PMID- 3694261
TI  - Serotonin-storing secretory granules from thyroid parafollicular cells.
AB  - The subcellular storage of 5-HT was studied in sheep thyroid parafollicular
      cells. These cells are neural crest derivatives and were investigated as a
      serotonergic model system. Light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry was
      used to examine the distributions of 5-HT, 45 and 56 kDa forms of 5-HT binding
      protein (SBP), and calcitonin. A single type of parafollicular cell was found
      that contained calcitonin, 5-HT, and 45 kDa SBP but not 56 kDa SBP. The secretory
      granules of parafollicular cells all displayed calcitonin immunoreactivity, and
      many were also immunoreactive for 5-HT and 45 kDa SBP. Granules were isolated,
      first by size and then by density, on successive metrizamide gradients. These
      provided a granular fraction that was enriched in calcitonin, endogenous 5-HT,
      and 45 kDa SBP. Immunoblots confirmed the presence of 45 kDa SBP in the isolated
      granules and in suspensions of parafollicular cells that were purified by an
      affinity chromatographic technique. Parafollicular cell granules did not appear
      to contain substantial stores of ATP. Granules isolated on Percoll gradients were
      morphologically homogeneous and took up 3H-5-HT. The specificity of this uptake
      was confirmed by quantitative electron microscopic radioautography. The granular
      uptake of 3H-5-HT was inhibited by reserpine (10 microM). It is concluded that
      parafollicular cell granules are different from other amine-storing vesicles that
      do contain ATP; nevertheless, since parafollicular cell granules store 5-HT and
      have the same 45 kDa SBP as is found in serotonergic axon terminals,
      parafollicular cell granules may be analogous to the synaptic vesicles of
      serotonergic neurons.

PMID- 3694262
TI  - Evidence for the coidentification of GAP-43, a growth-associated protein, and F1,
      a plasticity-associated protein.
AB  - GAP-43 is a fast-axonally transported protein whose expression correlates with
      periods of axon growth both during development and during regeneration.
      Similarities in molecular weight (43-47 kDa), pI (4.3-4.5), and aberrant behavior
      in acrylamide gels suggested that GAP-43 might be related or identical to protein
      F1, a protein kinase C substrate that has been shown to undergo a change in
      phosphorylation state during long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. Here we
      show that GAP-43 and protein F1 comigrate by two-dimensional PAGE and that
      antiserum raised against GAP-43 specifically immunoprecipitates protein F1. More
      direct evidence that GAP-43 and protein F1 are identical proteins was obtained by
      performing S. aureus V8 protease digests of a mixture of purified 32P-labeled
      protein F1 and purified GAP-43. Under these conditions, 2 phosphorylated peptide
      fragments of protein F1 corresponded exactly to 2 Coomassie-stainable bands from
      purified GAP-43. We conclude on the basis of these data that GAP-43 and protein
      F1 are identical proteins. Using light-microscopic immunocytochemistry, we also
      show that GAP-43/protein F1 immunoreactivity is localized to neuropil areas of
      the hippocampus consistent with its roles as a protein kinase C substrate in vivo
      and in long-term potentiation. These findings suggest that nerve growth during
      development and regeneration, and synaptic plasticity in the adult mammalian
      brain, may be mediated by a common mechanism involving the phosphorylation of GAP
      43/protein F1.

PMID- 3694263
TI  - Intracellular regulators of neuronal sprouting: II. Phosphorylation reactions in
      isolated growth cones.
AB  - Mechanisms potentially involved in the regulation of neurite growth were
      investigated. Since both the phosphatidylinositol (PI) pathway and protein kinase
      C have been implicated in transmembrane signal transduction, protein and lipid
      phosphorylation reactions were examined in intact growth cone particles (GCPs)
      isolated from fetal rat brain. Three major substrates of Ca2+-dependent
      phosphorylation were observed: proteins of 40 and 46 kDa and an acidic 80 kDa
      species separated in 2D PAGE (pp40, pp46, and pp80ac). The pp40 and pp80ac
      substrates had similar rates of 32P incorporation, whereas that of pp46 was more
      rapid. The importance of protein kinase C in growth cone function is indicated by
      the enhancement of phosphorylation of the 3 major substrates by the phorbol ester
      12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). An examination of the Ca2+-dependent
      32P incorporation into pp40 and pp46 revealed serine to be the only amino acid
      phosphorylated under these conditions. A rapidly metabolized pool of
      phosphoinositides was observed in GCPs. This suggests the presence of the Pl
      pathway's enzymes in this fraction. Inositol trisphosphate (IP3) was found to
      stimulate the phosphorylation of pp40 and pp80ac, indicating a possible link
      between the activation of the PI pathway and protein phosphorylation. Our
      findings demonstrate the prominence of the PI pathway and of Ca2+-dependent
      protein phosphorylation in the growth cone and may suggest the involvement of
      these mechanisms in growth-factor signal transduction.

PMID- 3694264
TI  - Muscle activity pattern regulates postnatal development of acetylcholinesterase
      molecular forms in normal mice and mice with motor endplate disease.
AB  - We have studied the relative contributions of muscle activity and nerve-supplied
      materials to the regulation of AChE molecular forms during postnatal development
      of muscles in normal mice and in mice with motor endplate disease (med mice).
      Onset of this hereditary disease causes a progressive failure of evoked release
      of ACh from the motor neuron, which prevents contraction in muscles such as
      biceps and soleus. In these innervated but inactive muscles, one can examine the
      consequences of inactivity on the distribution of AChE forms. In normal mouse
      biceps the distribution of AChE forms, as shown by sucrose-gradient analysis,
      change substantially after birth; the most dramatic alteration is an increase in
      G4 AChE from 15 to 45% of total AChE during the third postnatal week. AChE
      profiles in normal or med biceps are indistinguishable until 10-12 d after birth,
      but the changes in distribution of AChE forms does not occur in med biceps nor in
      normal biceps denervated 2 weeks after birth. In contrast, the distributions of
      AChE forms in a predominantly slow muscle, the soleus, are similar in med and
      normal mice both early (10 d) and late (20 d) in the course of the disease, and
      the distributions are affected little by denervation. The profiles of AChE forms
      seen in normal soleus at all times studied resembled those seen in newborn biceps
      or biceps inactivated by denervation or the med disease. We conclude that neither
      innervation, age-dependent changes intrinsic to muscle, nor muscle activity is
      sufficient to induce the changes we seen in AChE forms in biceps. These results
      support the hypothesis that neonatal, inactive, or tonically active muscles
      produce an intrinsic pattern of AChE molecular forms, and that a phasic pattern
      of activity induces a postnatal redistribution of the AChE molecular forms
      expressed by the muscle.

PMID- 3694265
TI  - Differential laminar distribution of corticostriatal neurons in the prefrontal
      and pericruciate gyri of the dog.
AB  - This investigation was undertaken to determine whether the laminar distribution
      of corticostriatal neurons differs between different anatomical and functional
      areas of the frontal lobe. Injections of lectin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase
      were made into the lateral, intermediate, and medial parts of the head of the
      caudate nucleus. After injections into the medial part of the caudate, most of
      the labeled neurons were found in the proreal and subproreal gyri of the
      prefrontal region. In both gyri, the majority of labeled cells were localized
      within layer V, and fewer neurons were located in the deeper part of layer III
      and in layers IV (proreal gyrus) and VI. No labeled neurons were noted in layer
      II. This distribution contrasted with that seen following injections into the
      intermediate and lateral parts of the caudate nucleus. In those cases, the
      majority of labeled cells were located in the pericruciate region (areas 4 and 6)
      and on the medial and lateral banks of the presylvian sulcus (paraorbital and
      internal composite areas, respectively). In the paraorbital and internal
      composite areas, the majority of labeled cells were still localized within layer
      V, but a larger percentage of labeled neurons were also noted in layer III. In
      areas 4 and 6, the laminar distribution shifted so that the majority of labeled
      cells were now located in layer III, with a widespread distribution of neurons
      throughout layers II-VI. These results indicate that corticostriatal neurons in
      the frontal lobe have different laminar distributions, depending on the
      particular anatomical or functional area in which they are located. The majority
      of neurons in the prefrontal region are located in infragranular layers, while
      those in the pericruciate region are located in supragranular layers.

PMID- 3694266
TI  - Postembryonic neurogenesis in the CNS of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. II.
      Hormonal control of imaginal nest cell degeneration and differentiation during
      metamorphosis.
AB  - The nervous system of an adult moth is comprised of retained larval neurons that
      are remodeled during metamorphosis and a set of new adult specific neurons. The
      new neurons arise from a stereotyped array of stem cells (neuroblasts) that
      divide during larval life to generate nests of up to 100 arrested postmitotic
      immature neurons, the imaginal nest (IN) cells. At the onset of metamorphosis,
      some of the IN cells die while the remainder differentiate into mature functional
      neurons. Metamorphosis in insects is regulated by 2 classes of hormones, the
      ecdysteroids and the juvenile hormones. The transition from larva to pupa
      requires the disappearance of juvenile hormones followed by 2 releases of
      ecdysteroids: a small "commitment peak" and a larger "prepupal peak." Through a
      series of endocrine manipulations, we demonstrate that the death and
      differentiation observed among the abdominal IN cells at metamorphosis are both
      influenced by these hormonal cues. If the abdomen was isolated from the hormonal
      sources in the anterior half of the larva before the onset of metamorphosis,
      death and differentiation of the IN cells were prevented. Infusion of
      ecdysteroids into such abdomens, to mimic the prepupal peak, resulted in the IN
      cells showing the same fate as seen in control animals during the early phases of
      metamorphosis. The response of the IN cells to the small commitment peak of
      ecdysteroids was heterogeneous. Exposure to this small peak of steroids caused
      some cells to become committed to resume their development, making them resistant
      to juvenile hormone application.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3694267
TI  - Neurogenically mediated leakage of plasma protein occurs from blood vessels in
      dura mater but not brain.
AB  - Utilizing 125I-BSA administered intravenously, a simple, reliable, and sensitive
      method was established for the detection of plasma protein extravasation in the
      dura of rats and guinea pigs following chemical, electrical, or immunological
      stimulation. Extravasated 125I-BSA or Evans blue was noted in the dura and
      conjunctiva but not in the temporalis muscle of saline-perfused rats following
      intravenous capsaicin, 1 mumol/kg. Capsaicin-induced extravasation was mediated
      by unmyelinated and small myelinated fibers since leakage did not develop in
      adult animals in whom these fibers were destroyed by capsaicin pretreatment (50
      mg/kg) as neonates. An ipsilateral increase in Evans blue and 125I-BSA was found
      in the dura, eyelids, lips and gingival mucosa, and snout following electrical
      stimulation of the rat trigeminal ganglion. This increase was also C-fiber
      dependent. Among those peptides contained in perivascular afferent fibers and
      administered intravenously, substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA), but not
      calcitonin gene-related peptide, caused a dose-dependent extravasation in the
      dura and conjunctiva of rats. Neonatal capsaicin pretreatment did not attenuate
      SP- nor NKA-induced effects in the dura and actually increased extravasation in
      the conjunctiva. Intravenous administration of 5-HT or bradykinin to normal adult
      rats or adult rats pretreated as neonates with capsaicin increased levels of 125I
      BSA in both the dura and the conjunctiva. Histamine and prostaglandin E2, on the
      other hand, caused protein leakage in the conjunctiva but not in the dura of
      rats; however, histamine did induce extravasation in the dura of guinea
      pigs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3694268
TI  - Direct somatosensory projections from the spinal cord to the hypothalamus and
      telencephalon.
AB  - Somatosensory input to the hypothalamus has been thought to ascend via an
      indirect, multisynaptic pathway. However, we have antidromically identified
      nociceptive spinal cord neurons that project directly to the lateral hypothalamus
      in rats. Retrograde tracers injected into the lateral hypothalamus labeled many
      spinal neurons bilaterally within the marginal zone, the lateral reticulated
      area, the lateral spinal nucleus, and the area surrounding the central canal. An
      anterograde tracer injected into these areas of the spinal cord labeled fibers
      and terminals in the lateral hypothalamus and, surprisingly, in a number of
      telencephalic areas. These findings demonstrate a direct somatosensory projection
      from the spinal cord to the hypothalamus and several telencephalic regions.

PMID- 3694269
TI  - The guidance of axons from transplanted neurons through aneural Drosophila wings.
AB  - The sensory neurons of the wing of Drosophila arise during the first 24 hr of
      metamorphosis, and their axons converge to form a stereotyped set of nerves
      projecting proximally from the peripherally located cell bodies through the wing
      and towards the CNS. To better characterize the cues guiding this stereotyped
      axon outgrowth, we have performed a series of transplantation studies in which
      neurons from a variety of sources (wing, eye, antenna, and leg disks) were placed
      into mutant, aneural wings. Axons growing from such implants in effect assay the
      host wing for the presence and location of guidance cues. Our results show,
      first, that such axons prefer to grow in the normal, proximal direction and,
      second, that they prefer to grow along the approximate site of one of the normal
      nerves, that of the third longitudinal vein. It therefore appears that the
      aneural wing epithelium contains cues capable of directing both the polarity and
      the location of axonal outgrowth. These cues are relatively non-specific, in that
      a variety of neuronal types are capable of responding to them.

PMID- 3694270
TI  - Reinnervation of muscle fiber types in the newborn rat soleus.
AB  - We have examined the selectivity of reinnervation of fiber types in rat soleus
      muscle denervated by crush of the soleus nerve 2 d after birth. The fibers
      innervated by single, regenerated motor axons were identified by use of glycogen
      depletion approximately 2 weeks following denervation. The types of fibers were
      determined by immunohistochemistry employing anti-myosin antibodies and, in some
      cases, by myofibrillar ATPase staining. Two distinct types of fibers are present
      in soleus at 2 d and through the next 16 d of normal postnatal development. These
      fiber types are retained in a denervated muscle for the period of time required
      for reinnervation. Although 40% of the fibers are lost from the muscle during
      reinnervation, we find no evidence for interconversion of muscle fiber types.
      Nonetheless, 10 of the 12 single motor units examined had fiber type compositions
      that were markedly biased toward one or the other of these 2 types; the bias in
      these units could not be explained by chance reinnervation. On the basis of the
      topographical distribution of the muscle fibers in each of these units, the motor
      axons reinnervated a novel set of fibers. We interpret these findings to mean
      that neonatal soleus motor neurons reinnervate fiber types in a selective manner.
      This selective innervation may explain the bias in the fiber type composition of
      normal motor units during early postnatal development.

PMID- 3694271
TI  - Physiological properties, time of development, and central projection are
      correlated in the wing mechanoreceptors of Drosophila.
AB  - The wing of Drosophila contains 8 sensory structures (campaniform sensilla),
      which lie in specific locations and possess identical surface morphology. The
      axons of the campaniform neurons follow either a medial or a lateral tract within
      the CNS. Previous studies (Palka et al., 1986) indicate that choice of central
      pathway correlates with the time of birth and differentiation of the neurons
      rather than with their topographic distribution on the wing. On the basis of the
      response properties revealed by mechanical and electrical stimulation, these
      sensory cells also fall into 2 physiological categories, rapidly and slowly
      adapting, that correlate exactly with central projection and birthdate. Thus,
      within this discrete population of sensory neurons there exists a precise 3-way
      correlation between physiology, central projection, and time of development.

PMID- 3694272
TI  - Plasticity in the organization of adult cerebral cortical maps: a computer
      simulation based on neuronal group selection.
AB  - Recent experimental evidence from the somatosensory, auditory, and visual systems
      documents the existence of functional plasticity in topographic map organization
      in adult animals. This evidence suggests that an ongoing competitive organizing
      process controls the locations of map borders and the receptive field properties
      of neurons. A computer model based on the process of neuronal group selection has
      been constructed that accounts for reported results on map plasticity in
      somatosensory cortex. The simulations construct a network of locally connected
      excitatory and inhibitory cells that receives topographic projections from 2
      receptor sheets corresponding to the glabrous and dorsal surfaces of the hand (a
      typical simulation involves approximately 1500 cells, 70,000 intrinsic and
      100,000 extrinsic connections). Both intrinsic and extrinsic connections undergo
      activity-dependent modifications according to a synaptic rule based on
      heterosynaptic interactions. Repeated stimulation of the receptor sheet resulted
      in the formation of neuronal groups-local sets of strongly interconnected neurons
      in the network. Cells in most groups were found to have similar receptive fields:
      they were exclusively glabrous or dorsal despite equal numbers of anatomical
      connections from both surfaces. The sharpness of map borders was due to the
      sharpness of the underlying group structure; shifts in the locations of these
      borders resulted from competition between groups. Following perturbations of the
      input, the network underwent changes similar to those observed experimentally in
      monkey somatosensory cortex. Repeated local tapping on the receptor sheet
      resulted in a large increase in the magnification factor of the stimulated
      region. Transection of the connections from a glabrous region resulted in the
      organization of a new representation of corresponding dorsal region. The detailed
      simulations provide several insights into the mechanisms of such changes, as well
      as a series of predictions about cortical behavior for further experimental test.

PMID- 3694273
TI  - Bone and bone marrow scintigraphy in the diagnosis of neoplastic involvement of
      the skeletal system. A comparative analysis.

PMID- 3694274
TI  - Can M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography give a sufficient evaluation for
      surgery of patients with pure mitral stenosis?

PMID- 3694275
TI  - Midwifery in the AIDS generation.

PMID- 3694276
TI  - Use of mean arterial pressure (MAP-2) to predict pregnancy-induced hypertension
      in adolescents.

PMID- 3694277
TI  - Tuberculosis, a persistent health care problem.

PMID- 3694278
TI  - Nurse-midwifery education: issues for survival and growth.

PMID- 3694279
TI  - Fatty acid-binding protein activity in tissues from pigs fed diets containing 0
      and 20% high oleate oil.
AB  - Eight pigs (four sets of littermates) were allotted to either a control sorghum
      soybean meal diet or a test diet containing 20% canola oil. The pigs were
      slaughtered at approximately 100 kg live weight. Subcutaneous adipose tissue,
      longissimus dorsi muscle and liver samples were collected immediately after
      slaughter. Fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) was measured in 104,000 x g
      supernatant fractions. Characterization of the FABP assay with liver supernatants
      indicated that FABP exhibited sigmoidal kinetics, with an apparent Kd of 0.75
      microM. Doubling the protein amount in the assay did not affect the FABP
      activity. FABP was demonstrated in liver, with an activity of 3448 pmol bound/g
      liver, and in adipose tissue, with an activity of 276 pmol bound/g adipose
      tissue. No activity was observed in the muscle tissue. FABP activity of liver and
      adipose tissue from swine fed 20% canola oil was higher on a per gram tissue
      basis than that in tissues from pigs fed the control diet.

PMID- 3694280
TI  - Effect of dietary proteins on time-dependent changes in plasma amino acid levels
      and on liver protein synthesis in rats.
AB  - The effects of four dietary proteins on plasma amino acid (PAA) levels in portal
      vein and aorta and on hepatic ribosome aggregation were investigated in rats fed
      10% protein diets ad libitum. Proteins studied were beef, casein, rapeseed and
      soybean. Measurements were made at 2000, 2300, 0200, 0500 and 0800 h. Portoaortic
      differences in essential amino acids (EAA) in plasma were calculated and compared
      to dietary EAA to verify the time-dependent changes in their intestinal
      absorption. Each protein generated different variations in portal and aortic PAA
      levels. Rapeseed produced the lowest plasma concentrations of EAA, but its
      portoaortic differences were as large as those of the other proteins. With each
      protein, proportions of EAA in plasma (in contrast to concentrations) tended to
      remain constant in portal vein and aorta over the 12-h period. Significant
      correlations between portoaortic differences and dietary EAA were found in all
      groups, but at varying times, indicating that the kinetics of intestinal
      absorption were dependent on the protein fed. So were variations in liver
      polysome distribution. For rapeseed and soybean, times of most active protein
      synthesis were 0200 and 0500 h; with beef and casein, variations between sampling
      times were not significant. No direct relationship was found between magnitude
      and composition of PAA portoaortic differences and ribosome aggregation. Thus
      these two parameters were both affected by dietary proteins, but no synchrony was
      evidenced between them.

PMID- 3694281
TI  - Effects of dietary protein, energy and tyrosine on central and peripheral
      norepinephrine turnover in mice.
AB  - Norepinephrine (NE) turnover rate and tyrosine concentrations were assessed in
      several tissues of 5-wk-old female lean mice that were fed diets of 20% protein
      (1.2% tyrosine), 40% protein (2.4% tyrosine) or tyrosine-supplemented diets of
      40% protein with 4 or 8% tyrosine or 20% protein with 4% tyrosine for 4 d. Mice
      fed the 40% protein diet had significantly lower NE turnover rates in
      interscapular brown adipose tissue, heart and kidney (66, 64 and 49%,
      respectively) and nonsignificantly lower (84%) turnover rate in brain than did
      mice fed the 20% protein diet, but plasma and tissue tyrosine concentrations did
      not differ. When energy intake of the 20% protein-fed mice was restricted to 92%
      of the 40% protein-fed mice, tyrosine concentration in plasma and tissues was
      lower by half, but NE turnover rate did not differ between the two groups.
      Supplementation of the 40 or 20% diets with tyrosine, resulting in twofold higher
      plasma and tissue tyrosine concentrations, had no effect on NE turnover rate in
      any organ examined. We conclude that both energy intake and dietary protein
      concentration affect sympathetic nervous system activity in young mice. Tyrosine
      does not mediate or alter these changes.

PMID- 3694282
TI  - Effect of dietary protein and iron on the fractional turnover rate of rat liver
      xanthine oxidase.
AB  - Rat liver xanthine oxidase activity is regulated in response to dietary protein
      and iron. To investigate whether the change in activity was mediated by a change
      in the rate of protein degradation, we measured the fractional turnover rate
      using the double-isotope technique with [3H]- and [14C]leucine and calculated the
      apparent half-life of xanthine oxidase in rats fed diets containing either 20 or
      5% casein with either 35 or 5 mg iron/kg diet. Under control conditions, xanthine
      oxidase had an apparent half-life of 4.8 d and approximately 65% of the enzyme
      subunits were active. Rats fed diets with low dietary protein had lower xanthine
      oxidase activity, but the enzyme had a slower fractional turnover rate, resulting
      in an apparent half-life of 6.4 d, and only 15-20% of the enzyme was active. The
      apparent half-life of xanthine oxidase increased to 7.5 d in rats fed diets with
      low dietary iron, but dietary iron did not affect the specific activity of the
      enzyme or the percentage of active subunits. These results suggest that the loss
      of enzyme activity is not due to loss of enzyme protein by increased degradation,
      but rather to inactivation of the enzyme.

PMID- 3694283
TI  - Factors influencing the level and interanimal variability of retinyl ester
      hydrolase activity in rat liver.
AB  - Retinyl ester hydrolase activity was studied in 25 7-wk-old rats that had been
      previously fed no vitamin A for 1 wk and then were fed 0, 5, 24, 60 or 240
      micrograms retinol/d for 2 wk. This treatment produced rats with vitamin A
      reserves from depleted to normal (0.03 to 184 micrograms/g) and serum retinol
      concentrations of 4-67 micrograms/dl. Hydrolase activity in liver homogenates was
      optimal when assayed with 275 mM CHAPS (3-[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio]-1
      propanesulfonate), 2 mg/ml Triton X-100 and 5 mM retinyl palmitate at pH 7.0. By
      use of these concentrations and conditions, retinyl ester hydrolase activity
      displayed relatively low interanimal variability (fivefold). Furthermore,
      activity was independent of serum or liver vitamin A concentrations. When CHAPS
      in the assay was replaced with equimolar sodium cholate, or with reduced
      concentrations of CHAPS and retinyl palmitate, retinyl ester hydrolase activity
      was more variable, i.e., 37- and 23-fold, respectively. Furthermore, in the
      latter case, hydrolase activity was threefold higher in rats with liver vitamin A
      reserves less than 10 micrograms/g. Thus, the type and concentration of bile salt
      used to assay retinyl ester hydrolase affect its interanimal variability.
      Furthermore, hydrolase activity measured in reduced concentrations of substrate
      and detergent is elevated in rats with low liver reserves of vitamin A.

PMID- 3694284
TI  - Seasonal iron overload in Svalbard reindeer liver.
AB  - Changes in liver iron concentration in relation to seasonal body weight
      variations and food iron intake have been investigated in 77 Svalbard reindeer by
      chemical and histological methods. During the winter season the body weight
      decreased about 43% in females and 39% in males. Liver weight was reduced about
      65% in both sexes. The liver iron concentration showed little or no difference
      between the sexes and was 29 +/- 13 mg iron/100 g wet weight in the autumn. The
      concentration increased in late winter to 291 +/- 52 mg iron/100 g in animals
      eating iron-rich forage plants, and to 165 +/- 92 mg iron/100 g in animals eating
      forage plants with a normal iron content. Starving animals with a very high iron
      concentration of the rumen content usually had massive siderosis in both
      parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells of the liver. In contrast, siderosis was
      restricted to nonparenchymal cells in starving animals with normal rumen iron
      concentration. Transferrin saturation was significantly higher in animals eating
      iron-rich forage plants than in those eating forage plants with a normal content.
      Therefore it is proposed that seasonal liver siderosis is a result of a)
      translocation of iron from catabolized blood and lean tissue that is recovered in
      nonparenchymal cells and b) high uptake of food iron with deposition in the
      parenchymal cells.

PMID- 3694285
TI  - Influence of type and level of dietary protein on fluoride bioavailability in the
      rat.
AB  - A factorial experiment was conducted with weanling rats fed a purified diet to
      determine the influence of dietary protein type (casein or lactalbumin) and level
      (120 or 360 g/kg) on fluoride bioavailability (2 or 10 mg/kg as NaF). Although
      total food intake during the 4-wk study was similar for all eight treatment
      groups, rats fed the high protein--containing diets gained significantly (P less
      than 0.001) more weight than did rats fed the low protein--containing diets. Rats
      fed high protein diets absorbed significantly (P less than 0.001) more fluoride
      than rats fed low protein diets at either fluoride level regardless of protein
      type. The fraction of absorbed fluoride that was actually retained, however, was
      significantly (P less than 0.001) reduced by high protein at either fluoride
      level regardless of protein type. This depressive effect of high dietary protein
      on retained fluoride was reflected in femur fluoride concentration. Our results
      suggest that food fluoride, such as that originating from preparation of foods
      with fluoridated water, will be less bioavailable for an individual ingesting a
      high protein diet than for an individual fed a low protein diet.

PMID- 3694286
TI  - Delayed excretion of 3-methylhistidine in goats.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of 3-methylhistidine (3MH) as
      an index of muscle protein degradation in dairy goats. The criterion for
      validation was the rapid and quantitative excretion of radiolabeled 3MH. Three
      adult dry does and four bucks were confined to metabolism cages and injected with
      5 ml of L-3-[14C]methylhistidine dihydrochloride (4 microCi/mL) diluted in normal
      saline. The does' urine was collected from catheters and the bucks' urine from
      stainless steel separators protected with fecal collection bags. The daily urine
      samples were analyzed for labeled amino acid. Urinary recovery of radioactivity
      from all does was less than 33% after 3 d and was proceeding at less than 5% d.
      After 9 d, total recovery was less than 50% of total dose for the does.
      Elimination rates were slightly higher and more variable for the yearling bucks
      (25-63% after 4 d). On the basis of these data, 3MH does not appear to be a valid
      index of muscle protein degradation in either male or female dairy goats.

PMID- 3694288
TI  - Effect of amounts consumed on the digestion of cassava by young children.
AB  - To determine whether increasing proportions of cassava could be consumed and
      satisfactorily digested, eight recovering malnourished children (20-38 mo old)
      received 25, 50 and 75% of their diet energy as freeze-dried cassava flour during
      9-d periods, with intervening casein control diets. Enough casein was added to
      all cassava diets to bring protein energy to 8% of the total. When compared to
      the control diet, the 25% diet had no significant effect on consumption time or
      measures of protein and energy digestion. With the 50% diet, fecal wet and dry
      weights were moderately higher than with the 25% diet (196 +/- 44 and 24 +/- 4
      vs. 121 +/- 36 and 16 +/- 3 g/d, respectively), as were fecal energy (89 +/- 16
      vs. 63 +/- 16 kcal/d) and calculated carbohydrate (11 +/- 2 vs. 5 +/- 1 g/d);
      apparent nitrogen absorption (mostly from casein) was slightly lower (79 +/- 5
      vs. 83 +/- 6%) and consumption time slightly higher (5-25, median 10, vs. 4-18,
      median 6 min/feeding). When energy from cassava was increased to 75%, fecal
      weights (240 +/- 49 and 31 +/- 5 g/d), energy (124 +/- 27 kcal/d) and
      carbohydrate (16 +/- 4 g/d) were all higher than when cassava provided 50 or 25%
      of energy. Consumption required 8-34, median 17 min/feeding and apparent nitrogen
      absorption was 76 +/- 6% of intake.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3694287
TI  - Effect of varying ascorbic acid intakes on copper absorption and ceruloplasmin
      levels of young men.
AB  - Intestinal copper absorption and blood measures of copper status were studied in
      healthy young men receiving varying intakes of ascorbic acid (AA) over 14 wk in a
      live-in nutrition suite. Copper absorption and retention were assessed by
      measuring absorption of a stable isotope of copper and total fecal copper during
      four AA intake periods: 2 wk x 65 mg AA/d, 4 wk x 5 mg/d, 3 wk x 605 mg/d and 4
      wk x 5 mg/d. Measures of copper status were serum copper and serum ceruloplasmin
      determined by both enzymatic and immunochemical methods. Copper absorption,
      copper retention, total serum copper and the serum level of ceruloplasmin protein
      were not affected significantly by the changes in AA intake; however, the oxidase
      activity of serum ceruloplasmin was decreased an average of 21% during the high
      (605 mg/d) AA intake period. The results suggest that in adult men moderate
      supplemental intakes of AA reduce ceruloplasmin oxidase activity specifically but
      do not depress intestinal copper absorption or overall body copper status.

PMID- 3694289
TI  - Biotin absorption by distal rat intestine.
AB  - We used the in vivo intestinal loop approach, with short (10-min) and long (3-h)
      incubations, to examine biotin absorption in proximal jejunum, distal ileum,
      cecum and proximal colon. In short-term studies, luminal biotin disappearance
      from rat ileum was about half that observed in the jejunum, whereas absorption by
      proximal colon was about 12% of that in the jejunum. In 3-h closed-loop studies,
      the absorption of 1.0 microM biotin varied regionally. Biotin absorption was
      nearly complete in the small intestine after 3 h; however, only about 15% of the
      dose had been absorbed in the cecum and 27% in the proximal colon after 3 h.
      Independent of site of administration, the major fraction of absorbed biotin was
      recovered in the liver; measurable amounts of radioactive biotin were also
      present in kidney and plasma. The results support the potential nutritional
      significance for the rat of biotin synthesized by bacteria in the distal
      intestine, by demonstrating directly an absorptive capability of mammalian large
      bowel for this vitamin.

PMID- 3694291
TI  - Composition of gain of rats fed low or high protein diets and grown at controlled
      rates from 80 to 205 grams.
AB  - Composition of gain was measured in 54 rats fed purified diets that contained
      either 10 or 20% casein. Rats were weighed three times weekly and their intakes
      adjusted so that five or six rats within each diet gained maximally or at 2, 3, 4
      or 5 g/d. Live weight for each rat was 80 g at the start and 205 g when the
      experiment ended. Ten additional rats were killed at about 80 g to estimate
      initial composition. The gain contained less (P less than 0.005) water and
      protein and more (P less than 0.005) lipid as rate of gain increased. Gain of
      gastrointestinal tract was increased (P less than 0.005) with increasing rate of
      gain. Rats that gained faster had shorter (P less than 0.05) tibias. More (P less
      than 0.005) water and protein and less (P less than 0.005) lipid were in the gain
      of rats fed the 20% casein diet than of those fed the 10% casein diet. Rats fed
      the 10% casein diet had longer bodies, and those fed the 20% casein diet had
      longer tibias. Water and protein gain declined and tibia length was less while
      liver gain increased with increasing rate of gain, but all rates of change for
      these measurements were higher for rats fed the 10% casein diet. Dissected
      epididymal fat pad gain was unaffected by casein level or rate of gain. These
      results demonstrate that chemical composition of the total gain can be altered
      when rate of growth is controlled and that the epididymal fat pad is not
      representative of chemical composition.

PMID- 3694290
TI  - Feeding a liquid diet increases energy intake, weight gain and body fat in rats.
AB  - Studies were undertaken to analyze the role of moisture content of foods in
      producing dietary obesity. Female CD rats consumed more energy when offered a
      sucrose solution and plain water to drink than when they were only given plain
      water, regardless of the sugar content of their diet (0-65%). This suggested that
      the overeating that commonly occurs when sucrose solutions are offered may not be
      due to sucrose per se. In subsequent experiments, rats were fed modified AIN-76
      diets high in sucrose, starch or fat for 28-42 d. For some rats, the diet was
      liquefied by adding water to make a 32% suspension. Plain drinking water was
      always available. Rats fed high carbohydrate liquid diets, with or without solid
      diet, consumed 8-15% more energy than rats fed solid diet only. Rats fed liquid
      diets also gained 43-206% more weight than did rats fed solid diets. Analysis of
      carcass composition revealed that the liquid diets increased body fat. For high
      fat diets, the results were more complicated. Addition of water to a low
      cellulose, high fat diet did not increase adiposity, whereas addition of water to
      a high cellulose, high fat diet did increase adiposity. These results suggest
      that the obesity-inducing effects of feeding sugar solutions or cafeteria diets
      may be due, in part, to the high water content of these foods.

PMID- 3694293
TI  - Growth of juvenile white sturgeon fed different purified diets.

PMID- 3694292
TI  - Binding of navy bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) lectin to the intestinal cells of the
      rat and its effect on the absorption of glucose.
AB  - The main objectives of this investigation were to study the binding of a lectin
      from navy beans with the epithelial cells of the rat intestine and to assess the
      effect of such binding on the ability of the intestine to absorb glucose. A
      Scatchard plot, based on the binding of 125I-labeled lectin to isolated
      intestinal epithelial cells, was used to calculate an association constant (Ka)
      of 15 x 10(6)M-1 and the number of binding sites per cell, 12 x 10(6). Metabolic
      studies were conducted over a period of 5 d on groups of rats fed raw or
      autoclaved navy bean flour and casein with or without the purified lectin.
      Growth, protein digestibility, biological value and net protein utilization were
      significantly lower in animals that had been fed raw navy bean flour or casein
      plus lectin than in control groups fed diets containing autoclaved navy bean
      flour or casein alone. Vascular perfusion was used to measure the rate of uptake
      of glucose by the intestines of rats that had received the various dietary
      treatments. The rate of absorption of [14C]glucose by intestines from rats fed
      raw navy bean flour or casein plus lectin was approximately one-half that of
      their counterparts fed the autoclaved flour or casein alone. These results
      provide evidence that the lectin, by virtue of its interference with intestinal
      absorption, is responsible, at least in part, for the nutritional inferiority of
      raw navy beans.

PMID- 3694294
TI  - Human folate requirements.

PMID- 3694295
TI  - Usefulness of routine admission complete blood cell counts on a general medical
      service.
AB  - The usefulness of three components of the routine admission complete blood cell
      count (leukocyte count, hematocrit, and platelet count) was evaluated in 301
      patients consecutively admitted to the internal medicine wards of a university
      teaching hospital. Using a consensus analysis approach, three faculty members
      reviewed the patients' charts to determine which tests were performed routinely,
      which tests were abnormal, and which routine tests led to diagnostic or
      therapeutic changes. Overall, 55.3% of the tests were considered routine
      admission tests. Abnormalities were detected in 13.6% of the routine leukocyte
      counts, in 8.2% of the routine hematocrit levels, and in 12.4% of the routine
      platelet counts. However, treatment was changed for only three patients, all of
      whom had low hematocrits; this amounted to 0.6% of all tests. Furthermore, only
      one of the three patients received appropriate treatment that might have been
      withheld if a routine hematocrit determination had not been ordered. The authors
      conclude that the impact of routine admission complete blood cell counts on
      patient management is small and that the practice of ordering this test for all
      hospitalized patients could be eliminated with little adverse effect on patient
      care.

PMID- 3694296
TI  - Survey of medicine/pediatrics residency training programs.
AB  - The American Board of Internal Medicine and the American Board of Pediatrics
      agreed in 1967 to create combined medicine/pediatrics residency training
      programs. These programs span four years and provide 24 months of training in
      each discipline, leading to Board eligibility in both. Little is known about
      their curricula because there is no separate residency review committee to
      critique the current programs. The directors of the 65 current programs were
      surveyed by mail. Fifty-seven (88%) responded to questions about: lengths of time
      programs had been in operation, attitudes toward quality of residents, program
      structures and curricula, and performances of graduates taking the Boards. More
      than half of the programs were established after 1980. Forty of the programs'
      graduates have passed the Medicine Boards, and 48 have passed the Pediatrics
      written Boards. Most programs were structured to have residents switch
      specialties every six months. Program Directors, both in Medicine and in
      Pediatrics, rated the quality of combined program residents the same as or
      slightly better than that of residents in non-combined programs.
      Medicine/pediatrics residencies have become a successful and important source of
      training for generalists' careers in and outside of academe, and in both primary
      and specialty care.

PMID- 3694297
TI  - The relative risk of myocardial infarction in patients who have high blood
      pressure and non-cardiac pain.
AB  - The authors conducted a population-based case--control study to determine the
      risk of myocardial infarction in patients who reported angina-like symptoms. The
      cases studied were those of patients who had high blood pressure and had sought
      treatment in 1984 with myocardial infarction as the first manifestation of
      coronary artery disease. Controls, a random sample of patients who had
      hypertension, were frequency-matched to cases by age and gender. Blind to case-
      control status, the authors reviewed the medical records of the 32 cases and 64
      controls for reports of angina-like symptoms. While controls reported such
      symptoms at a constant rate, the events for the cases clustered near their
      infarctions. When a patient with hypertension sought medical advice for angina
      like symptoms, the risk of infarction within 30 days was 14.2 (95% confidence
      interval, 2.8 to 71), and after 30 days it fell to 1.03. Among patients who have
      high blood pressure but no history of angina, presentations with prodromal
      symptoms in the primary care setting are so common that only about one in 100
      such visits actually heralds myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3694298
TI  - Divisions of general medicine: ambulatory care activities and responses to cost
      containment.
AB  - To evaluate caring for the poor and uninsured in divisions of general medicine
      (DGMs), and to document the impact of recent reimbursement changes on division
      ambulatory care activity, the authors conducted a survey of DGM directors.
      Questionnaires mailed to directors of 214 divisions or residency programs yielded
      120 responses. DGMs staffed, on average, three ambulatory sites, with a median of
      17,000 visits per site. Overall, 66% of visits were by poor, underinsured, and
      uninsured patients. The majority of directors (75%) considered care of the poor a
      goal of their divisions. The most commonly reported response to the cost
      containment environment was implementation of revenue-generating measures (66%);
      19% reported reductions in care to the poor; and 20% reported increased service
      to this group. It is concluded that DGMs care for large numbers of poor and
      uninsured patients and therefore must carefully evaluate the impacts of current
      policy proposals on their future ambulatory care activities.

PMID- 3694300
TI  - Predicting emergency readmissions for patients discharged from the medical
      service of a teaching hospital.
AB  - Emergency readmissions among patients discharged from the medical service of an
      acute-care teaching hospital were analyzed. Using the multivariate technique of
      recursive partitioning, the authors developed and validated a model to predict
      readmission based on diagnoses and other clinical factors. Of the 4,769 patients
      in the validation series, 19% were readmitted within 90 days. Twenty-six per cent
      of the readmissions occurred within ten days of discharge, and 57% within 30
      days. Readmitted patients were older, had longer hospitalizations, and had
      greater hospital charges (p less than 0.01). The discharge diagnoses of AIDS,
      renal disease, and cancer were associated with increased risks of readmission
      regardless of patients' demographics or test results. The relative risks (95%
      confidence interval) associated with these diagnoses were: AIDS, 3.3 (1.4-7.8);
      renal disease, 2.3 (1.7-3.0); cancer, 2.8 (2.4-3.4). Other patients at increased
      risk were those with diabetes, anemia, and elevated creatinine (2.1; 1.6-2.8) and
      those with heart failure and elevated anion gaps (2.2; 1.7-2.8). For patients
      without one of these diagnoses, a normal albumin and no prior admission within 60
      days identified patients at reduced risk for readmission (0.4; 0.3-0.4). Thus,
      commonly available clinical data identify patients at increased risk for
      emergency readmission. Risk factor profiles should alert physicians to these
      patients, as intensive intervention may be appropriate. Future studies should
      test the impacts of clinical interventions designed to reduce emergency
      readmissions.

PMID- 3694299
TI  - Physicians' and nurses' attitudes toward withholding treatment in a community
      hospital.
AB  - Physician and nurse attitudes regarding aggressiveness of patient care were
      prospectively surveyed by questionnaire in a small rural community hospital. All
      patient admissions during one year, excluding routine obstetrical cases, were
      surveyed. Physicians and nurses used a simple continuous scale to indicate care
      level (1 = comfort care to 5 = full care). Nurses were more willing than
      physicians to limit care efforts for patients (mean scores of 4.35 vs 4.79,
      respectively). Both physicians and nurses indicated nearly identical factors
      important in making decisions to limit full resuscitative efforts: quality of
      life, nature of underlying illness, and age. A significant communication gap
      existed between nurses and physicians regarding aggressiveness of care:
      physicians indicated communication with nursing staff in 564 cases; nurses
      acknowledged this in only 56 of these same cases. These data suggest that current
      policies regarding do not resuscitate (DNR) orders should be broadened to include
      guidelines for less than full aggressive patient care. These policies should
      ensure adequate, documented communication between professional staff, patients,
      and others significantly involved with patient care decisions.

PMID- 3694301
TI  - The association between hypertension treatment, control, and functional status.
AB  - The authors examined the relationship between hypertension treatment, control,
      and functional status among 356 "uncomplicated" hypertensive patients receiving
      care in 16 teaching hospital group practices. Antihypertensive drug therapy and
      blood pressure control were determined from a medical record review. Functional
      status (health perceptions, mental health, role, and physical functioning) was
      assessed with a questionnaire. After adjustment for potential confounders,
      hypertensive patients without drug therapy were less likely to have impairment in
      mental health functioning, compared with patients receiving one or more than one
      antihypertensive medication (9% versus 25% and 20% respectively, p less than
      0.05). However, uncontrolled hypertensive patients were more likely to have role
      limitations than patients controlled only at the end or throughout the record
      review period (51% versus 39% and 36%, respectively, p less than 0.05). Patients
      controlled throughout the review period had the least impairment for each measure
      of functional status. These preliminary findings suggest that pharmacologic
      therapy may have a negative influence on the mental health of "uncomplicated"
      hypertensive patients, but that the dual goals of blood pressure control and
      positive functional status are not incompatible.

PMID- 3694303
TI  - Treating mild hypertension with drugs: beyond a simple yes or no.

PMID- 3694302
TI  - Gauze vs. plastic for peripheral intravenous dressings: testing a new technology.
AB  - The authors conducted a randomized, prospective, controlled trial of three
      different dressings for peripheral intravenous catheters in 301 acutely ill
      medical inpatients. Catheters were dressed with dry clean gauze or one of two
      brands of transparent plastic. The gauze dressings remained in place
      significantly longer (47 hours median) than either Uniflex (39 hours) of Tegaderm
      (32 hours) transparent plastic dressings (p = 0.026). Catheters were removed for
      complications (inflammation, mechanical failure, or infiltration) in 35% of the
      gauze group, compared with 58% of the Uniflex group and 48% of the Tegaderm group
      (p = 0.015). Not only were inflamed venipuncture sites seen less often with
      gauze, inflammation occurred later (p = 0.002) and with lesser severity. Dry
      gauze dressings resulted in longer catheter life, lower complication rates, and
      less expense than transparent plastic dressings for peripheral intravenous
      catheters.

PMID- 3694304
TI  - Medical-ethical decisions: more collegiality, please.

PMID- 3694305
TI  - The dynamic nature of sensitivity and specificity.

PMID- 3694306
TI  - A national survey of the assessment and treatment of pain and agitation in the
      neonatal intensive care unit.
AB  - A national survey was conducted to determine beliefs about neonatal pain and
      agitation, current methods of assessment, and standards for treatment. The
      results indicated a lack of consistency in both attitudes and practices among
      neonatal intensive care unit staff with regard to pain assessment and management
      in neonates. Methods for assessing the presence of pain or evaluating the
      effectiveness of treatment appeared inadequate for critically ill infants,
      particularly intubated and paralyzed infants. Agitation in neonatal intensive
      care unit infants was identified as a problem by a majority of the respondents
      surveyed. Infants with chronic lung disease were identified as being particularly
      affected by agitation. These infants were noted to have an increased incidence of
      feeding problems and were more often medicated for agitation.

PMID- 3694308
TI  - Expanding the scope of childbirth education to meet the needs of hospitalized,
      high-risk clients.
AB  - A need to provide childbirth preparation classes for hospitalized, high-risk
      pregnant women is identified. A model for these classes is proposed describing
      the format and specific content areas to be included in the course as well as the
      potential benefits to high-risk clients. The need for further research to
      determine the specific benefits of childbirth education in high-risk pregnancy is
      identified.

PMID- 3694307
TI  - HELLP syndrome: a severe consequence of pregnancy-induced hypertension.
AB  - A severe consequence of pregnancy-induced hypertension can be the development of
      HELLP syndrome (H = hemolysis; EL = elevated liver enzymes; LP = low platelets).
      The etiology and clinical manifestations of HELLP syndrome are discussed through
      a review of research findings and a case study. Nursing interventions to
      facilitate recognition and management of pregnant women with this life
      threatening condition are presented.

PMID- 3694309
TI  - Effects of a specialized prenatal adolescent program on maternal and infant
      outcomes.
AB  - The effects of a specialized prenatal educational program on perinatal outcomes
      in an urban adolescent maternity term population were examined. Fifty pregnant
      adolescents attended the program and 50 nonattenders served as controls. All
      subjects delivered at the same large metropolitan hospital. The data supported
      the hypotheses predicting that those adolescents exposed to the educational
      program and their infants would demonstrate fewer perinatal complications than
      those not exposed to the program. When analyzed by age, attenders and their
      infants in both groups (13 to 15 and 16 to 18 years of age) had fewer
      complications than nonattenders. Attenders also demonstrated lower frequencies of
      several obstetric and postnatal complications than did nonattenders. This study
      underscores the positive effects a specialized education program can have on
      adolescent perinatal outcomes.

PMID- 3694310
TI  - The effect of promoting intrauterine attachment in primiparas on postdelivery
      attachment.
AB  - Twenty-two women participated in a modified replicate study which examined the
      effects of prenatal maternal attachment behaviors during first pregnancies. A
      pretest reflected the degree of maternal-fetal attachment behaviors and attitudes
      already formed. The women in the experimental group received three interventions
      aimed at directing the mothers' attentions toward their fetuses. The remaining
      women received routine prenatal care only. All mothers were observed once in the
      first few days postpartum to assess maternal attachment behaviors. Data analysis
      did not substantiate the findings of the earlier study. Factors identified in the
      added pretest may have accounted for this difference.

PMID- 3694311
TI  - 18-23 October 1987. Annual meeting, Optical Society of America. Rochester, New
      York. Abstracts.

PMID- 3694312
TI  - Anatomy quiz: longest, largest, strongest, principal, most, and only.

PMID- 3694313
TI  - Immunization is the adult thing to do.

PMID- 3694314
TI  - Homosexual activity unchanged in areas with low AIDS risk?

PMID- 3694315
TI  - Oh! Say can you see?

PMID- 3694316
TI  - Brachial plexus injuries.

PMID- 3694317
TI  - Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in Oklahoma.

PMID- 3694318
TI  - The urinary bladder in multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 3694319
TI  - Variations in the morphology of villous epithelial cells within 8 mm of untreated
      duodenal ulcers.
AB  - In order to investigate the bio-mechanics of duodenal ulcerogenesis and compare
      the 'quality' of drug mediated mucosal healing, it is necessary to define the
      morphological appearance of ulcerative mucosae. This report describes the
      morphological appearance of pre-therapy, juxta-duodenal ulcer (DU) villous
      epithelia. Biopsies made at endoscopy from the first part of the duodenum in four
      healthy volunteers and 3-8 mm from the edge of the DU in 97 patients were
      examined by light and electron microscopy. Irrespective of whether biopsies were
      made from the normal or juxta-DU mucosa, the villous epithelium was populated by
      one, or more, of six, morphologically identifiable cell types. Control epithelia
      were populated with normal goblet and absorptive cells. Based on the fine
      structural characteristics of the predominant cell type, pathological specimens
      were divided into two groups: metaplastic (Group 1) and non-metaplastic (Group
      2). Group 1 specimens were either exclusively populated with fully differentiated
      metaplastic gastric surface mucus secreting cells (GMC) (Group 1A), or GMC in
      various phases of metaplastic differentiation together with abnormal goblet cells
      (Group 1B). Group 2 specimens were populated with 'pathological' absorptive and
      normal goblet cells. It is postulated that the group variations in pre-therapy
      juxta-DU morphology represent various phases in the natural history of duodenal
      ulcerogenesis and healing.

PMID- 3694320
TI  - Stromal changes in invasive breast carcinoma: an ultrastructural study.
AB  - The stroma in infiltrating breast carcinomas, with particular reference to
      stromal spindle cells, has been studied by electron microscopy. A mixture of
      cells including resting fibroblasts, active fibroblasts, early myofibroblasts,
      and mature myofibroblasts has been identified. In loose stroma, myofibroblasts
      possessed prominent organelles and showed secretory products along the cell
      surface, whereas in dense stroma, there was relative prominence of cytoplasmic
      filaments as well as other features consistent with a contractile state of
      myofibroblasts. The degree of myofibroblastic proliferation was related to the
      growth pattern of the tumour. It is suggested that the infiltrating process of
      cancer cells is analogous to wound production and healing with continuous
      granulation tissue and scar formation resulting in the characteristic
      desmoplastic reaction seen in certain breast carcinomas.

PMID- 3694321
TI  - Pattern of connective tissue development in swine pulmonary vasculature by
      immunolocalization.
AB  - Light microscopic immunolocalization studies were carried out on lung tissue from
      eight newborn and four adult pigs using antibodies to six extracellular matrix
      components. Antibodies to fibronectin, collagen type IV, and laminin localized on
      the same structures in adult and newborn lungs. By contrast, antibodies to the
      interstitial collagens (types I, III, and V) were less extensively localized in
      the newborn than in the adult, particularly those to type I because the fibres on
      which they localized in the newborn were thin and sparse. At all ages, antibodies
      to collagen types III and V co-localized on type I fibres and also on thin
      individual fibres which formed networks, more dense in the adult than in the
      newborn. At all ages, anti-type III collagen antibodies also localized on smooth
      muscle cells. In the adult, but not in the newborn, anti-type I and type V
      collagen antibodies localized on the connective tissue around the smooth muscle
      cells in the pulmonary arterial media and vein wall. The dominance of collagen
      type III suggests greater plasticity in the newborn pulmonary vasculature, which
      helps explain the recently described rapid changes in arterial wall structure
      which constitute adaptation to extrauterine life. The postnatal increase in
      collagen type I helps explain the documented postnatal increase in structural
      stiffness of the pulmonary arteries.

PMID- 3694322
TI  - Tissue arrangement in the internal elastic lamina of the rat muscular pulmonary
      artery.
AB  - The arrangement of tissue in the internal elastic lamina of muscular pulmonary
      arteries in rats has been studied. It consists of long plates of elastic tissue
      joined to each other by side branches, thus forming a continuous branching
      network. The thick plates are orientated parallel to the long axis of the vessel.
      This is similar to the arrangement in the saphenous and splenic veins in the dog.
      Systemic arteries show a different arrangement, usually a single fenestrated
      sheet. The differences between systemic and pulmonary arteries can be explained
      by considering the different biomechanical forces acting on them.

PMID- 3694323
TI  - DMSO potentiates aminonucleoside of puromycin nephrosis in rats.
AB  - Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), 3 g/kg body weight, administered daily by the
      intraperitoneal route, potentiated the proteinuria and formation of tubular casts
      in aminonucleoside of puromycin (PA) induced nephrosis in Sprague-Dawley rats.
      The effect was evident at 4 as well as 8-9 days following PA administration. In
      the absence of PA, DMSO did not induce proteinuria or cast formation. The
      mechanism by which DMSO enhanced proteinuria and cast formation is not known.

PMID- 3694324
TI  - Microcirculation in the subcutaneous air pouch: comment.

PMID- 3694326
TI  - Continual audit of clinical diagnostic accuracy by computer: a study of 592
      autopsy cases.
AB  - In a prospective study of 592 autopsy cases, correlations between clinical and
      pathological data were made by computer from a novel protocol on which
      morphological and functional diagnoses were separated. The accuracy of diagnosis
      was analysed with respect to time in hospital, specialty, consultant in charge,
      and other criteria. Overall, there were 168 clinical 'overdiagnoses', not
      confirmed at autopsy; 492 'underdiagnoses', not made clinically; and 432
      'agreements' between clinical and pathological diagnoses. The computer program
      allows the data to be analysed at any time as the number of cases increases.
      Entry of information entails comparatively little extra work and a similar system
      could be incorporated into the service commitment of any pathology department
      with a suitable microcomputer and access to a mainframe computer.

PMID- 3694325
TI  - Changes in autopsy profile--1975 and 1984.
AB  - In 1975 diseases of the circulatory system were the major cause of death in our
      hospital autopsies, with neoplasia a poor second. In 1984 the situation was the
      reverse. The reduction in diseases of the circulatory system was due mainly to
      that in cerebrovascular cases, deaths from coronary artery disease being
      unchanged. The increase in neoplasia affected older women in particular, who died
      from less common types of cancer. It is suggested that these patients may have
      escaped death from cerebrovascular disease and avoided cancers that usually kill
      in middle age, to die later of other age-related types that were less common in
      1975. The present findings emphasize the importance of recognizing and adjusting
      to a changing spectrum of disease that is developing in the ageing population
      found in a West European country.

PMID- 3694327
TI  - Recovery-oriented psychotherapy: facilitating the use of 12-step programs.

PMID- 3694328
TI  - The 12-step program and group therapy for adult children of alcoholics.

PMID- 3694329
TI  - Co-alcoholism as a disease: implications for psychotherapy.

PMID- 3694330
TI  - Alcoholism and the fourth and fifth steps of Alcoholics Anonymous.

PMID- 3694331
TI  - Spirituality and other points of resistance to the 12-step recovery process.

PMID- 3694333
TI  - 12-step study groups in drug abuse treatment programs.

PMID- 3694332
TI  - Utilization of 12-step theme groups in a short-term chemical dependence treatment
      unit.
AB  - At Eagleville Hospital, staff have found that utilizing the theme-group process
      facilitates patient acceptance of 12-Step programs within a relatively short
      (three weeks) treatment program. Providing a comprehensive orientation to the 12
      Step programs increases the likelihood of patients continuing with 12-Step
      programs as part of their aftercare programs. As previously noted, this is
      crucial for continued success and sobriety. It is hoped that this description of
      the use of 12-Step theme groups as part of a comprehensive treatment program will
      be of help to others.

PMID- 3694334
TI  - Can the patient on medication be sent to 12-step programs?

PMID- 3694335
TI  - Bridging the gap: the methadone client in 12-step programs.

PMID- 3694336
TI  - 12-step principles and adolescent chemical dependence treatment.

PMID- 3694337
TI  - The need for new preservatives.

PMID- 3694338
TI  - Cycle development criteria for removal of endotoxin by dilution from glassware.

PMID- 3694339
TI  - The biocompatibility of parenteral vehicles--in vitro/in vivo screening
      comparison and the effect of excipients on hemolysis.

PMID- 3694340
TI  - Solubilization by cosolvents. IV: Benzocaine, diazepam and phenytoin in aprotic
      cosolvent-water mixtures.

PMID- 3694341
TI  - Prognosis of neonatal cholestatic jaundice.

PMID- 3694342
TI  - Inhibition of carbon monoxide production by tin-protoporphyrin.

PMID- 3694343
TI  - Primary sclerosing cholangitis in children.
AB  - Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) in eight children, five males and three
      females between the ages of 4 and 13 years, presented with minimal clinical
      symptoms and few signs of liver disease. Diagnosis was made by a highly
      characteristic histology in all and additional endoscopic retrograde
      cholangiography (ERC) in four patients. Six children suffered from concomitant
      inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Laboratory abnormalities consisted of mild
      elevation of transaminases and alkaline phosphatase, with marked elevation of
      immunoglobulin G in seven and detection of anti-nuclear antibodies in four of the
      eight children. In all cases, needle liver biopsy specimens revealed portal
      tracts considerably expanded by edema and chronic inflammation diagnostic of
      nonsuppurative cholangitis and nonsuppurative fibrosing pericholangitis. ERC
      showed decreased arborization in the whole biliary tree. In two patients, changes
      were confined to the intrahepatic portion of the biliary tract. No specific drug
      therapy was given to our patients. Those with concomitant IBD were treated with
      salazosulfapyridine (SASP). The clinical course has been mild in all patients up
      to now. It is concluded that PSC may be much more frequent in childhood than was
      considered before, especially in children with IBD.

PMID- 3694344
TI  - Different degree of antibody response to hepatitis B virus vaccine in breast- and
      formula-fed infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers.
AB  - Antibody response to hepatitis B virus vaccine was compared in 47 breast- and 112
      formula-fed infants born to hepatitis B surface antigen-(HBsAg-) positive
      mothers. No difference was observed as to the percentage of infants who
      seroconverted. However, formula-fed infants developed transient but significantly
      higher anti-HBs antibody levels as compared to breast-fed infants. Suppressive
      factors in human milk or orally induced tolerance may explain this finding. The
      latter hypothesis may be supported by the presence of HBsAg in more than half of
      the milk samples we studied.

PMID- 3694346
TI  - Continuous 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring in 285 asymptomatic infants 0-15
      months old.
AB  - A continuous 24-h esophageal pH monitoring was performed in 283 asymptomatic
      infants between 5 days and 15 months old. Several parameters (reflux index,
      duration of the longest reflux episode, number of reflux episodes in 24 h, number
      of reflux episodes greater than 5 min in 24 h) were studied in different groups
      of infants according to their age: 5-15 days old, 24-37 days old, 3.5-4.5 months
      old, 5.5-6.5 months old, 7.5-8.5 months old, 14-16 months old. For all parameters
      we obtained statistically significant different results in infants younger and
      older than 4 months. The 24-h esophageal pH monitoring is an investigation
      technique in physiological circumstances in order to establish normal ranges for
      gastroesophageal reflux in asymptomatic infants.

PMID- 3694345
TI  - Cricopharyngeal dysfunction in childhood: treatment by dilatations.
AB  - A 3-year-old child with cricopharyngeal dysfunction is reported. Swallowing
      difficulties, nasal regurgitation, and gagging developed at 2 months of age.
      Repeated aspirations and over 40 episodes of pneumonia necessitating multiple
      hospitalizations occurred up to 2 years of age, along with pharyngeal pooling of
      saliva and inability to swallow solid food. Barium was held up at the
      cricopharyngeal level, and a prominent esophageal impression was seen at the same
      level. Symptoms were completely alleviated after two esophageal dilatations by
      mercury dilators, and the relief persisted for the 6 months of follow-up. The
      diagnosis of cricopharyngeal dysfunction is discussed, and the necessity for
      manometric studies, in the face of often misleading radiologic appearance, is
      emphasized. It is suggested that early use of esophageal dilatations might
      prevent prolonged morbidity and afford long-term symptomatic relief.

PMID- 3694347
TI  - Alpha and gamma tocopherols in pooled mature human milk after storage.
AB  - The alpha- and gamma-tocopherols in pooled stored human milk were determined.
      Storage times and temperatures were t = 0 (up to 2 h after start of pool
      collection); t = 8 h (25 degrees, 4 degrees C); t = 24 h (25 degrees, 4 degrees, 
      11 degrees C); and t = 72 h, 1, 4, 8, and 16 weeks (-11 degrees, -20 degrees, -70
      degrees C). Lipids were extracted with a modified Folch procedure and tocopherols
      were analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography. There were no
      significant differences in alpha- or gamma-tocopherol at any time or temperature.
      Therefore, mothers, milk bank operators, and researchers can be assured of the
      stability of tocopherol in human milk stored under the conditions of this study.

PMID- 3694348
TI  - Lymphoblastic stimulation test with food proteins in digestive intolerance to
      cow's milk and in infant diarrheas.
AB  - The lymphoblastic stimulation test (LST) with cow's milk proteins was performed
      in 114 infants. In 42 infants, digestive intolerance to cow's milk proteins (CMI)
      was suspected; withdrawal-rechallenge test confirmed intolerance in 34, and
      disproved it in the other eight patients. Of the other patients, 17 had acute
      gastroenteritis, 11 had postgastroenteritis subacute diarrhea, 12 had gluten
      intolerance, 14 had intractable diarrhea, and 18 had no digestive disorders. Of
      the 34 infants with CMI, 27 (79%) had a positive LST to one or more cow's milk
      proteins. Of the 34 positive LST patients, 12 also had soya intolerance; nine of
      these 12 infants (75%) had positive LST to soya. Of the eight infants who had a
      negative cow's milk rechallenge test, five (62%) had a positive LST. In the other
      groups, results were also positive in 12-27% of those having diarrhea of
      infectious origin or gluten intolerance, and in none of the infants without
      digestive disorders. Of the 14 cases of severe intractable diarrhea, 12 (86%)
      were also LST-positive, but CMI could not be excluded. LST was positive,
      particularly in diarrheas of neonatal origin. Lymphoblastic stimulation was
      induced more frequently by casein than by beta lactoglobulin, and least
      frequently by alpha lactalbumin. In conclusion, LST is frequently positive in
      CMI, but is not sufficiently specific to be a reliable diagnostic examination.

PMID- 3694349
TI  - Serum calcium and phosphate disturbances during rehydration in acute dehydrating
      gastroenteritis.
AB  - Alterations in serum ionized and total calcium, magnesium, and phosphate
      concentrations, during recovery from acute dehydrating gastroenteritis, were
      studied. Fifteen children with acute dehydrating gastroenteritis had serum
      concentrations of ionized and total calcium, magnesium, phosphate, sodium,
      potassium, chloride, urea, creatinine, and albumin, as well as acid-base status,
      evaluated during rehydration and up to 72-h postadmission. The total serum
      calcium corrected for albumin did not change significantly during rehydration and
      remained within the normal range. Although serum ionized calcium fell
      significantly at 24 and 72 h, its concentration was not sufficiently decreased to
      cause symptomatic hypocalcemia. Serum ionized calcium correlated significantly
      with pH (r = -0.57), bicarbonate (r = -0.63), and albumin (r = +0.65), but not
      with total serum calcium, magnesium, and phosphate. Serum magnesium remained
      within the normal range during the study period. Serum phosphate was increased on
      admission (2.64 +/- 0.77 mmol/L), decreased by 12 h (to 0.84 +/- 0.32 mmol/L),
      and then followed by a gradual increase. This study suggests that changes in
      serum ionized calcium in dehydrating gastroenteritis are not of clinical
      significance. However, changes in serum phosphate concentration need further
      evaluation.

PMID- 3694350
TI  - The influence of gestational age, size for dates, and prenatal steroids on cord
      transferrin levels in newborn infants.
AB  - Serum transferrin levels assess protein status in older children and adults. To
      generate standards for its use in newborn infants, we measured umbilical cord
      serum transferrin levels in 161 appropriate (AGA), 25 large (LGA) and 16 small
      (SGA) for gestational age infants between 25 and 43 weeks' gestation. We also
      assessed the effects of intrauterine growth, exposure to prenatal steroids, and
      presence of pulmonary maturity on neonatal transferrin levels. Cord transferrin
      levels in AGA infants were significantly correlated with increasing gestational
      age (r = 0.60; p less than 0.001). Infants born before 37 weeks' gestation had
      significantly lower transferrin levels, when compared with those born at term (p
      less than 0.001). LGA infants had significantly higher levels than age-matched
      AGA infants (253 +/- 75 vs. 214 +/- 53 mg/dl; p less than 0.025). Despite
      significantly lower mean birth weights (p less than 0.001), SGA infants also had
      significantly higher levels than gestational age-matched AGA controls (227 +/- 63
      vs. 167 +/- 40 mg/dl; p less than 0.005). For infants less than 35 weeks'
      gestation, neither the 20 preterm infants with exposure to prenatal steroids
      (maternal betamethasone), nor the 26 infants with pulmonary maturity had
      significantly elevated transferrin levels, when compared with gestational age
      matched control infants. Newborn transferrin levels correlate well with
      gestational age and are significantly affected by size for dates, but not by a
      brief course of prenatal steroids or by pulmonary maturity.

PMID- 3694351
TI  - Test-retest reproducibility of hydrogen breath test for lactose maldigestion in
      preschool children.
AB  - The test-retest reproducibility of the H2 breath test within the same individual
      has not been rigorously evaluated in preschool children. In the present study, 10
      children--5 of whom were diagnosed as lactose-digesters on their first testing,
      and 5 of whom were diagnosed as lactose-maldigesters at first screening--were
      retested under identical conditions of a second opportunity. In each case, the
      same diagnostic classification was provided, for a reproducibility of 100%.
      Regression of the area under the curve of the change in breath H2 concentration
      during the 3 h of the test had a Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.59 (p =
      0.05). The time-course of 3-h H2 breath tests in 43 children with lactose
      maldigestion revealed a peaking of the concentration of H2 most commonly 120 min
      following the oral dose of 240 ml whole milk. Seventy-seven percent of the
      children who eventually proved to be lactose maldigesters were so diagnosed by
      the end of the second hour of the breath test. Thus, even the abbreviated breath
      sampling schedule used in children is sensitive, and few maldigesters would go
      undetected because of a late rise in breath H2 concentration.

PMID- 3694352
TI  - Ontogenic development of neurotensin-like immunoreactivity in the
      gastrointestinal tract and the influence of dietary changes in rats.
AB  - The ontogenic development of neurotensin-like immunoreactivity (NTLI) in the
      gastrointestinal tract was studied in three groups of male rats on different
      diets. Group I rats were weaned physiologically. Group II rats received only
      mother's milk until 25 days of age. Group III rats were fed mother's milk alone
      for 20 days and then switched abruptly to laboratory chow. The NTLI concentration
      in the gastrointestinal tract from the esophagus to the small intestine was
      almost the same as that in adult rats before weaning. It increased after weaning
      to a peak on day 20 or 25, and then decreased to the adult level. The NTLI
      concentration in the cecum and large intestine, however, decreased from high
      neonatal level, reaching the adult level on day 20 or 25, and it remained
      constant thereafter. Prolonged mother's milk feeding alone enhanced neurotensin
      production in the esophagus and postponed the physiological decrement of NTLI
      concentrations in the duodenum and small intestine. The sudden change from
      mother's milk to laboratory chow accelerated the decrement of intestinal NTLI
      concentrations.

PMID- 3694353
TI  - Kinetics of copper absorption in zinc-overload states and following the
      withdrawal of zinc supplement: the role of endogenous zinc status.
AB  - Zinc (Zn), in therapeutic dosages, has been used to inhibit copper (Cu)
      absorption in patients with Wilson's disease. A series of experiments were
      conducted to substantiate the effects of high dosages of Zn on Cu absorption
      using the experimental animal model. In the first experiment, five groups of mice
      were fed five different levels of Zn: 6 ppm (basal diet), 30 ppm (control), 750
      ppm, 1,000 ppm, and 2,400 ppm, for a period of 35 days. 64Cu-loading test was
      conducted to measure whole body retention (WBR) of 64Cu at the 10th, 14th, 21st,
      and 35th day. Results showed that the inhibition of 64Cu absorption by Zn is dose
      and time-dependent. However, maximum inhibition occurred in mice fed 1,000 ppm
      of Zn, and no additional effect was observed in mice fed 2,400 ppm of Zn. In the
      second experiment, the distribution between the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and
      gut-free carcass, of the retained dose of 64Cu, was measured in controls and in
      the group fed 750 ppm of Zn. While WBR of 64Cu was significantly lower (p less
      than 0.01) in mice fed 750 ppm of Zn, the distribution of the retained dose was
      not affected. In the third experiment, a group of mice was fed 30 ppm of Zn for a
      period of 70 days (control), and a second group was fed 1,000 ppm of Zn for the
      first 35 days (repletion), after which they were switched to the basal diet (6
      ppm) for the following 35 days (depletion). WBR of 64Cu was conducted in
      intervals throughout the experimental period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3694354
TI  - Recovery of exogenous heme as carbon monoxide and biliary heme in adult rats
      after tin protoporphyrin treatment.
AB  - We studied the effect of tin protoporphyrin (TP) on bilirubin production in adult
      Wistar rats by quantifying in vivo carbon monoxide (CO) excretion and the
      simultaneous excretion of biliary heme after common bile duct cannulation. A
      known amount of heme was injected intravenously as red blood cells (RBC) damaged
      with a sulfhydryl inhibitor, N-ethylmaleimide. The recovery of heme as CO or
      biliary heme in the cannulated animals was calculated as the molar percent of
      heme recovered over heme injected. For cannulated controls (n = 4), the recovery
      was 89 +/- 6% SD, and no heme appeared in bile. Cannulated rats treated with TP
      (n = 4) had 64 +/- 11% recovered as CO and 30 +/- 11% as heme in bile. Our
      findings suggest that TP is an effective in vivo inhibitor of exogenous heme
      catabolism and bilirubin production in adult rats. Furthermore, this inhibition
      results in increased excretion of heme into the bile proportional to the degree
      of inhibition.

PMID- 3694355
TI  - Congenital agastria.
AB  - Congenital agastria has never before been reported. Congenital microgastria is
      rare but is well documented. We have cared for a Melanesian child in whom there
      was no radiological, anatomical, or physiological evidence of either a
      rudimentary stomach or a pylorus. The esophagus joined the first part of the
      duodenum directly. At this esophago-duodenal junction there was microscopic
      evidence of fundic-type gastric mucosa. The intestine was normally rotated and
      there was a functioning spleen. The child also had a severe micrognathia and a
      cleft soft palate and required a tracheostomy to relieve upper airway
      obstruction. The combination of micrognathia and agastria presented a difficult
      nutritional delivery problem. A jejunal pouch was constructed and placed between
      the esophagus and duodenum to provide some storage capacity. The child grew and
      developed well for almost 3 years. He suffered three episodes of severe acute
      enteritis, probably related to lack of the protective acid-pepsin barrier against
      ingested microorganisms. Unfortunately, the third episode of acute enteritis
      caused his death 3 months after returning home to his own country.

PMID- 3694356
TI  - Urinary excretion of dicarboxylic acids in term newborns fed with 5% medium-chain
      triglycerides-enriched formula.

PMID- 3694357
TI  - Niemann-Pick disease and neonatal hepatitis.

PMID- 3694358
TI  - Relapses in celiac disease.

PMID- 3694359
TI  - Budd-Chiari syndrome in childhood.

PMID- 3694360
TI  - Modulation of intestinal transport processes by dietary cholesterol and
      triacylglycerols.

PMID- 3694361
TI  - Measurement of milk transfer from mother to breast-fed infant.

PMID- 3694362
TI  - Early nutrition with a high-cholesterol diet alters normal age-related changes in
      intestinal active transport.
AB  - This study was undertaken in the young and growing rabbit to establish the effect
      of feeding a high-cholesterol (2%) diet on the intestinal in vitro uptake of
      glucose, galactose, leucine, and cholic acid. Three groups of animals were fed
      standard Purina chow for 14, 28, and 42 days. A fourth group was fed chow for 14
      days followed by high-cholesterol diet for 10 days followed by chow for 4 days. A
      fifth group was fed chow for 14 days followed by the high-cholesterol diet for 10
      days followed by chow for 18 days. Short-term feeding with a high-cholesterol
      diet reversed the normal developmental decline in the jejunal uptake of some
      nutrients (e.g., glucose), enhanced the age-related uptake of other nutrients
      (e.g., galactose and leucine), but had no effect on others (e.g., jejunal uptake
      of cholic acid). Two weeks after stopping the high-cholesterol diet, there was
      enhanced jejunal uptake of all nutrients. Colonic uptake of glucose, galactose,
      and leucine was unresponsive to the effects of early development or of a high
      cholesterol diet, whereas the colonic uptake of cholic acid did increase. This
      altered uptake is not explained by nonspecific mechanisms such as changes in body
      weight gain, intestinal mass, or effective resistance of the intestinal unstirred
      water layer. In summary, early feeding of rabbits for a short interval with a
      high-cholesterol diet is associated with transport changes that may persist,
      progress, or appear for the first time when the animals are switched from the
      high-cholesterol diet back to chow. Thus, early feeding with a high-cholesterol
      diet alters the normal development of intestinal transport function.

PMID- 3694364
TI  - The incidence of childhood celiac disease in Sweden.
AB  - Within a defined population in southeast Sweden, celiac disease was diagnosed in
      167 children born between 1970 and 1982. The diagnosis was based on the criteria
      of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. Another
      six children had an initial flat small intestinal mucosa but do not yet fulfill
      the criteria for the diagnosis of celiac disease. The incidence of celiac disease
      was 1.27/1,000 live births for the years 1970-1976 and 1.43/1,000 for 1977-1982.
      In contrast to our findings, a decline in the disorder during the late 1970s was
      reported from other countries. We discuss the observation that the incidences of
      celiac disease in children are moving discrepantly in different populations.

PMID- 3694363
TI  - Iron deficiency in children with celiac disease.
AB  - To evaluate the incidence of either evident anemia or a subclinical status of
      iron deficiency in celiac disease (CD), we studied 80 celiac children aged 6
      months to 18 years. They were subdivided into various groups according to
      morphology of gut mucosa and diet. Only eight of 47 celiac children had an
      evident anemia at the time of the first peroral bowel biopsy. In addition, 51% of
      the patients with atrophic mucosa and 56% of the children on a gluten-containing
      diet had serum iron levels less than 50 micrograms/dl; 35% of patients of both
      groups had serum ferritin levels less than 12 micrograms/L. On the contrary, only
      a small number of children with normal mucosa on a gluten-free diet showed a
      laboratory, subclinical picture of iron deficiency. The results of our study can
      therefore be summarized in three major items: (a) Low levels of both serum iron
      and ferritin can frequently be found during active CD. (b) Regular determination
      of serum iron levels appears to be useful in controlling the state of iron stores
      in such patients, as well as in deciding whether and when to recommend temporary
      iron supplementation. (c) Serum ferritin tests did not offer more information
      than the easier and cheaper serum iron determinations.

PMID- 3694365
TI  - Gastrin 17 and gastrin 34, before and after a meal, in newborn infants.
AB  - In 89 healthy full-term newborn infants, we studied the different contribution of
      gastrin 17 (G17) and gastrin 34 (G34) to neonatal hypergastrinemia and the G17
      and G34 response to a meal in the first days of life. Serum concentrations of G17
      and G34 were measured by radioimmunoassay specific for the NH2-terminus of G17
      and G34 in 23 newborn infants in the cord blood and in 66 newborn infants before
      or 20 min after bottle-feeding. Basal serum G17 and G34 values were also obtained
      in 38 healthy fasting adults. Mean (+/- SEM) G17 levels in the cord blood were
      not different from those of the adult controls (29.28 +/- 4.16 versus 31.00 +/-
      2.62 pg/ml) and increased significantly either at 12 h (48.06 +/- 7.32 pg/ml, p
      less than 0.025) or on the 4th day of life (80.56 +/- 9.99 pg/ml, p less than
      0.01). Serum G34 levels in the cord blood were significantly higher than in adult
      controls (163.22 +/- 11.19 versus 126.68 +/- 5.57 pg/ml, p less than 0.005) and
      increased at 12 h of life (225.22 +/- 25.95 pg/ml, p less than 0.02), but no
      increase was found on the 4th day of life (204.87 +/- 18.08 pg/ml). Neither
      postprandial G17 nor G34 increases were found on the 1st or on the 4th day of
      postnatal life. The study supports the following conclusions: (a) neonatal
      hypergastrinemia is mainly due to G34 fraction; (b) the increased levels of
      gastrin on the 4th day of life are due to G17 fraction; (c) bottle-feeding does
      not stimulate either G17 or G34 release in the first 4 days of life.

PMID- 3694366
TI  - Peptic ulcer disease in childhood: long-term prognosis.
AB  - Information concerning the natural history of peptic ulcer disease commencing in
      childhood is limited. We have followed up 19 individuals in whom this diagnosis
      had been made in childhood 14-27 years previously. Strict diagnostic criteria
      were used. A high incidence of morbidity persisting into adult life was found. On
      investigation 9 (47%) had had a proven ulcer since entering adult life. Ten (53%)
      were no longer prone to recurring abdominal pain, but four of these had undergone
      vagotomy and pyloroplasty (three after the age of 21) for intractable symptoms.
      Thus, only six patients (31%) had made a lasting and spontaneous recovery.
      Serious complications had occurred at some time in the past in 10 cases (53%).
      Overt gastrointestinal bleeding had occurred in eight (42%), and this had been
      after the age of 18 years in three. Duodenal perforation occurred in one subject,
      and severe pyloric stenosis in another, both of whom were aged 21 years. One
      subject developed a penetrating duodenal ulcer at the age of 24 years. Seven
      (37%) had undergone surgery, and in two of these cases more than one operation
      had been performed. Fifty-eight percent of complications suffered and 89% of
      surgical operations performed involved patients of 21 years or older. These
      findings firmly reinforce the opinion that the disorder frequently persists into
      adult life. The impact of modern means of medical therapy, such as the H2
      receptor antagonists, has not yet been fully evaluated.

PMID- 3694367
TI  - Endoscopic findings in pediatric patients with Henoch-Schonlein purpura and
      gastrointestinal symptoms.
AB  - We report the gastrointestinal endoscopic findings in nine patients with Henoch
      Schonlein purpura. Eight patients underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy,
      which revealed erosive gastritis in one patient, hemorrhagic-erosive duodenitis
      in four, and both findings in one. The rectum and the sigmoid colon were examined
      in six patients. Aphthoid ulcers were noted in two. In one of these patients, a
      rectal ulcer was also noted. Severe inflammatory changes and angiitis were found
      in the biopsy specimens obtained from the duodenum and the colon. The vascular
      abnormalities in the gastrointestinal mucosa are similar histologically to those
      found in the skin in Henoch-Schonlein purpura.

PMID- 3694368
TI  - A description of the changing body composition of the growing premature infant.
AB  - Data from studies of two similar groups of premature infants were used to
      describe the changing body composition (BC) of a "typical" premature infant, 3 to
      4 weeks old, gaining weight from 1,200 to 2,000 g and being fed its mother's
      expressed breast milk at a metabolizable energy intake of 93.6 kcal/kg/day.
      Serial measurements had been made of total body water (TBW), the extracellular
      fluid space (ECF), nitrogen balance, and gross energy balance in one group of
      premature (n = 17) infants and of total body potassium (TBK) in another group (n
      = 23); all infants studied weighed between 900 and 2,300 g. Equations relating
      TBW, ECF, and TBK to body weight were derived for estimating the content of these
      substances at body weights between 1,200 and 2,000 g. Protein content at 1,200 g
      body weight was estimated from measured TBK and N:K ratio (determined from the
      reference fetus) at this weight. Subsequent protein content was determined from
      average N accretion, determined from data of N balance, and carbohydrate and ash
      content were estimated from reference data. The remainder of the body weight was
      assumed to be fat. At 1,200 g, the proposed BC of the premature infant is 72.1%
      water, 10.7% protein, 14.9% fat, 1.9% ash, and 0.4% carbohydrate. At 2,000 g
      comparable figures are 67.8% water, 11.6% protein, 18.2% fat, 1.9% ash, and 0.5%
      carbohydrate. The description also provides estimates of the body cell mass (BCM)
      and intracellular fluid (ICF), the relationship of K to the BCM and ICF, and the
      energy balance of the growing premature infant.

PMID- 3694369
TI  - Measurement of the milk intake of breast-fed infants.
AB  - Infant test weighing and maternal test weighing are two independent methods for
      determining milk intake by the breast-fed infant. The sources of error in both
      these test weighing methods were examined with particular emphasis on the
      importance of evaluating and correcting for evaporative water loss (EWL). EWL
      ranged from 3 to 94% of the mother's change in weight after a single breast feed
      and from 3 to 55% of the infant's change in weight after a single breast feed.
      Correcting for EWL during a breast feed involved determining the time between the
      pre- and postfed weighings and measuring the rate of EWL after breast feeding.
      Significant correlations (p less than 0.001) were found between milk volume
      intake measured by test weighing the mother and correcting for maternal EWL, and
      milk volume intake measured by test weighing the infant and correcting for infant
      EWL. An improved method for measuring 24-h milk intakes by maternal test weighing
      using a sensitive electronic balance and correcting for EWL is described. The
      milk intakes, corrected for EWL, ranged from 690-1,041 g/24 h. If no correction
      for EWL was made then the average overestimate of milk intake by maternal test
      weighing was 14 +/- 6%.

PMID- 3694370
TI  - Changing patterns of free fatty acids in breast milk during storage.
AB  - Milk was collected from eight mothers. Total lipid and free fatty acids were
      determined on collection. The samples were divided into aliquots and stored at
      25, 4, or -11 degrees C for 6, 12, 24, or 48 h. Additional samples were stored at
      -11 or -70 degrees C for 1, 2, 4, 6, or 8 weeks. The effect of temperature,
      length of storage, and total milk lipid on the release of individual fatty acids
      during storage was determined. There was no measurable lipolysis in milk stored
      at -70 degrees C. In the other samples both storage temperature and length of
      storage significantly affected lipolysis of milk lipids. The accumulation of free
      fatty acids in the milk increased with the length of storage and with increased
      storage temperature. Total lipid was not a significant factor in the release of
      fatty acids during the initial 48 h of storage. In samples stored for greater
      than 48 h at -11 degrees C, total lipid was positively correlated with the
      release of fatty acids. The pattern of free fatty acids in milk changed as
      storage progressed with an increase in the proportion of free 18:2, 20:4, and the
      other long-chain polyenoic acids. This may have implications for infant nutrition
      as these fatty acids are required for normal growth and development of the
      neonate.

PMID- 3694372
TI  - The effects of formula change on triglycerides and free fatty acids in preterm
      infants.
AB  - We measured preprandial and 2-h postprandial plasma triglycerides (TG) and free
      fatty acids (FFA) in 13 preterm infants weekly for 3 consecutive weeks to examine
      the effects of a premature, medium-chain triglyceride (MCT)-containing formula
      advancing to a term, long-chain triglyceride (LCT)-containing formula. The
      infants were on premature formula for the first 2 weeks of the study and were
      switched to term formula 4-5 days before the last sampling. Significant increases
      were seen in preprandial and 2-h postprandial TG when the infants were advanced
      from the premature to the term formula. It was speculated that this increase was
      due to the predominance of LCT in term formula, which differed in its absorption
      and metabolism from MCT. Whether these increases persist and if their clinical
      significance requires further investigation. No consistent change was observed in
      the preprandial or postprandial FFA.

PMID- 3694371
TI  - Serum transthyretin levels and protein intake as predictors of weight gain
      velocity in premature infants.
AB  - Nutritional intakes, transthyretin (prealbumin) levels, and anthropometric
      measurements were measured weekly in 26 preterm infants from week 2 of life
      throughout hospitalization. A sustained significant increase in protein intake
      occurred in 14 infants over a 2-week period. When mean protein intake increased,
      mean transthyretin levels increased during the same week (p less than 0.001),
      followed 1 week later by significant increases in mean weight, occipitofrontal
      head circumference (OFC), and mid-arm circumference (MAC). In the other 12
      infants, a sustained significant decrease in protein intake occurred over 2
      weeks. When mean protein intake decreased (p less than 0.01), transthyretin
      levels decreased during the same week (p less than 0.05), followed 1 week later
      by significant decreases in mean weight and MAC growth. Over all hospitalization
      weeks (n = 95), rates of weight gain were more significantly associated with
      previous trends in transthyretin levels (p = 0.007) than with protein intake
      alone (p = 0.08). In particular, declines in rates of weight gain were predicted
      significantly more frequently by the prior week's transthyretin trend (70%) than
      by the trend in protein intake (47%). In growing premature infants, changes in
      transthyretin levels occur 1 week before changes in anthropometric measurements.
      Changes in transthyretin levels are more predictive than changes in protein
      intake alone for monitoring growth velocity in preterm infants.

PMID- 3694373
TI  - Effect of sympathectomy on ontogeny of small intestinal disaccharidases in the
      rat.
AB  - In the present study the effect of chemical sympathectomy on the development of
      small intestinal enzymes in the rat was analyzed. Eight doses of guanethidine
      sulfate were administered subcutaneously every 48 h to 34 newborn rats, starting
      at birth. The last dose was given at 14 days of age. Twenty-two littermates
      served as controls. Intestinal lactase, maltase, sucrase, and alkaline
      phosphatase were determined at 15, 17, 20, 23, and 25 days of age. Sympathectomy
      was demonstrated by reduction of the number of perikarya in the superior cervical
      ganglia in treated rats as compared with control rats. A normal developmental
      pattern of activities of the disaccharidases in the small intestine was observed
      in both groups. The activity of alkaline phosphatase was significantly lower (p
      less than 0.01) in the 15- and 17-day-old treated animals.

PMID- 3694374
TI  - Effect of short-term food deprivation on luminal protein digestion in suckling
      and weanling rats.
AB  - Although previous studies have described the effects of long-term undernutrition
      on the process of protein digestion, little data exist regarding the impact of
      short-term food deprivation on digestive processes. To evaluate the effect of
      short-term food deprivation on luminal proteolytic activity in the rat, we
      incubated [125I]bovine casein in vitro at 37 degrees C with fluid flushed from
      the lumen of stomach and small intestine of 12-day-old suckling and 31-day-old
      weanling rats that were either fed or food deprived for 12 h/100 g body weight (3
      h for sucklings, 12 h for weanlings), followed by measurement of radioactivity in
      trichloroacetic acid soluble material. Assays were performed at pH 3.2 for
      stomach and 7.4 for small intestine. In the suckling, gastric luminal proteolytic
      activity was minimal in both fed and food-deprived animals; jejunal and
      midjejunal proteolysis was not significantly affected by food deprivation, but
      the hydrolytic capacity of fluid from the ileum was reduced to 20% of that of fed
      animals. In the weanling, food deprivation increased gastric proteolytic activity
      two- to threefold but decreased proteolysis in jejunum and midjejunum. Time
      course studies revealed that these effects were further accentuated by food
      deprivation for 24 h/100 g body weight in both age groups. It is concluded that
      short-term food deprivation may affect luminal proteolytic capacity and that
      individual segments of the developing rat gastrointestinal tract respond
      differently to food deprivation. Presumably, direct and indirect effects of
      digesta may contribute to these differences.

PMID- 3694375
TI  - Tin-protoporphyrin inhibits carbon monoxide production in adult male Wistar rats
      with common bile duct ligation.
AB  - The excretion rate of CO (VeCO), an index of total bilirubin production, and the
      total plasma bilirubin level are significantly elevated by 72 h after ligation of
      the common bile duct in adult male Wistar rats. At 72 and 96 h, rats prepared in
      this manner were subcutaneously injected with 50 mumol/kg body weight of tin
      protoporphyrin IX (TP) (n = 5) or saline (n = 6). At 120 h after surgery, the
      VeCO had fallen from the pretreatment level in the TP-treated animals by 22% (P
      less than 0.025) compared with no significant change in the saline-treated
      controls. The plasma total bilirubin level of the experimental animals had also
      declined by 32% (p less than 0.0005) compared with their pretreatment level. The
      hyperbilirubinemia of the saline-treated controls was not significantly modified.
      These results suggest that TP reduces bilirubin production and plasma total
      bilirubin levels in adult rats with surgically created obstructive jaundice.

PMID- 3694376
TI  - Abetalipoproteinemia associated with hepatic and atypical neurological disorders.

PMID- 3694377
TI  - Failure of blind small bowel biopsy in the diagnosis of intestinal
      lymphangiectasia.
AB  - A case of primary intestinal lymphangiectasia is presented in which multiple
      blind peroral jejunal biopsies were unable to document any abnormality, despite
      strongly suggestive clinical history and radiographic findings. Endoscopically
      directed biopsy was necessary to document the characteristic pathologic lesion.
      This report documents the importance of endoscopy in the diagnosis of intestinal
      lymphangiectasia when clinical history is suggestive of intestinal
      lymphangiectasia but standard small bowel biopsy fails to show any abnormality.

PMID- 3694378
TI  - Removal of a colonic foreign body by enteral lavage.
AB  - A 14-year-old boy was evaluated for the presence of a foreign body in the
      descending colon. It successfully passed after oral colonic lavage solution
      (Golytely), obviating endoscopic intervention. The approaches to colonic foreign
      body removal are reviewed.

PMID- 3694379
TI  - Cecal polyp and appendiceal intussusception in a child with recurrent abdominal
      pain: diagnosis by colonoscopy.
AB  - A 7-year-old boy developed recurrent abdominal pain. He was eventually discovered
      to have an inverted appendix via colonoscopy. At surgery, a polyploid intracecal
      mass was palpated at the base of the partially invaginated appendix. Resection of
      the cecal mass (histologically, a juvenile polyp) and appendix was easily
      accomplished. The types of clinical presentation and treatment of children with
      appendiceal intussusception are discussed.

PMID- 3694380
TI  - Low incidence of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in Northern Finland.

PMID- 3694381
TI  - Significance of HLA expression in the mucosa of patients with active celiac
      disease.

PMID- 3694382
TI  - The variable clinical characteristics and course of early infantile esotropia.
AB  - A study of 75 patients with early infantile esotropia treated by one of the
      authors (RMR) between 1965 and 1980 revealed a broad range of clinical findings
      and treatment modalities. The study group included nine children born prematurely
      and 16 with neurologic impairment; the balance had no apparent illness other than
      strabismus. Only 21 patients had spontaneously alternating fixation; the rest
      required some form of occlusion therapy. Glasses were prescribed for 75% of the
      patients sometime during their management, and changes in refractive error were
      common. One or more operations were performed on 56 patients, but 19 patients
      required no surgical intervention because of a spontaneous decrease in their
      deviation. Binocularity was found more frequently in patients straightened
      surgically before 2 years (50%) than in those straightened after that time (14%),
      but it was also present in five of the 19 patients who required no surgery. The
      presence of binocularity during the course of treatment did not insure stability
      of alignment.

PMID- 3694383
TI  - Superior oblique overaction in patients with true Brown's syndrome.
AB  - The charts of all patients with the diagnosis of congenital Brown's syndrome seen
      between July 1983 and June 1984 were examined retrospectively. In the past,
      overaction of the ipsilateral superior oblique (OAISO) was felt by most authors
      to be absent or minimal. Our study revealed that separate observers consistently
      documented the presence of an OAISO in about one-fifth of the selected patients.
      The presence of OAISO has not been emphasized previously and still remains
      controversial. We felt that an extremely tight superior oblique might cause an
      OAISO. We therefore statistically compared its presence to the presence of a
      downshoot. The presence of an OAISO to abnormal head tilt, abnormal chin
      position, amblyopia, and abnormal stereo was also compared statistically.
      Finally, we emphasize a technique of forced ductions that differentiates Brown's
      syndrome from an inferior oblique palsy, but which also alerts the examiner to
      the presence of an inferior rectus restriction or other posteriorly located
      restrictions.

PMID- 3694385
TI  - Retinoblastoma.
AB  - Retinoblastoma was diagnosed in 74 patients between July 1967 and February 1987.
      Thirty cases (40%) were bilateral; 39 were female and 35 were male. Treatment in
      bilateral cases consisted of enucleation of the more involved eye and a combined
      approach of supervoltage irradiation, cryocoagulation, and photocoagulation to
      the remaining eye. In unilateral cases the involved eye was enucleated and the
      uninvolved eye observed. Four patients had bilateral enucleation at their initial
      presentation and four others had the second eye enucleated after unsuccessful
      tumor treatment. One patient died from metastatic retinoblastoma, one patient
      died after intrathecal chemotherapy without the evidence of tumor, and one
      patient died with trilateral retinoblastoma. Seventy-one of 74 patients (96%)
      currently survive with a follow-up of 1 month to 19 years. Two-year survival is
      65 of 68 (95.5%).

PMID- 3694386
TI  - The polarized three-dot test.
AB  - A new binocular sensory test was designed using polarizing filters. The polarized
      three-dot test (P3D) subtends the same visual angle as the Worth four-dot test
      (W4D). Sensory testing was performed at distance and near in 100 patients using
      the W4D and P3D tests. Every patient reliably completing the W4D test also
      completed the P3D test. Twelve patients failed to complete both tests. Fifteen
      patients could not reliably complete the W4D test but were able to perform the
      P3D, thus increasing the interpretable response rate from 73% for the W4D test to
      88% for the P3D (chi square, p less than .0001). In every case but one, fusion by
      W4D testing was also found by the P3D test. In addition, the P3D identified 19
      cases of fusion not found by W4D testing. The results suggest that the P3D test
      is superior to the W4D test in the clinical assessment of central and peripheral
      fusion.

PMID- 3694384
TI  - Cyclotorsional diplopia following retinal detachment surgery.
AB  - Four patients reporting symptoms of torsional diplopia following retinal
      detachment repair were seen. One patient most likely had a pre-existing,
      partially compensated superior oblique palsy as the cause of her vertical
      deviation and excyclotorsion. A second was found to have the superior oblique
      tendon adherent anteriorly to the encircling band and buckle just behind the
      superior rectus insertion, resulting in incyclotorsion. Release of these
      restrictions reduced the torsion to a small, asymptomatic degree. The third and
      fourth patients had excyclotorsion for unexplained reasons. Removing the scleral
      exoplant and Harada-Ito type surgery on the superior oblique tendon did not
      relieve the symptoms and only minimally reduced the excyclotorsion in one
      patient. A second procedure, with advancement of the anterior portion of the
      superior oblique tendon, successfully eliminated cyclotorsional symptoms.

PMID- 3694388
TI  - Bilateral hypermetropic amblyopia.

PMID- 3694387
TI  - Bradycardia with traumatic hyphema in children.
AB  - Eleven patients, aged 4 to 18 years, who were admitted to the hospital with the
      diagnosis of traumatic hyphema were placed on 24-hour cardiac (Holter) monitors.
      Ten of the 11 patients had episodes of bradycardia and bradyarrhythmias. Blood
      pressures monitored during the same period showed that the bradycardia was not
      hemodynamically significant. Cardiac monitoring was repeated on six patients 3
      months later, and nocturnal cardiac rhythms were compared; the minimum heart
      rates immediately following the eye injury were significantly lower (p = .03)
      than those measured 3 months later. While these data do not establish a
      relationship between bradyarrhythmias and the frequently-observed occurrence of
      somnolence, it does appear that episodes of bradyarrhythmias represent a common
      physiologic response to traumatic hyphema, and they can be expected to resolve
      spontaneously.

PMID- 3694389
TI  - Assessing suicide risk in the school-age child.

PMID- 3694390
TI  - The malpractice insurance crisis.

PMID- 3694391
TI  - Diaper rash: managing and controlling a common problem in infants and toddlers.

PMID- 3694392
TI  - The foundation in support of nursing research.

PMID- 3694394
TI  - Amantadine hydrochloride: an agent for the prevention and treatment of influenza
      A infection.

PMID- 3694393
TI  - Growth and development.

PMID- 3694396
TI  - NAPNAP position paper on certification for advanced nursing practice.

PMID- 3694395
TI  - 1980s reorientation to home health care.

PMID- 3694398
TI  - Therapeutic drug monitoring in ambulatory pediatrics.

PMID- 3694399
TI  - Adolescent health care--the need is great.

PMID- 3694397
TI  - Crying babies.

PMID- 3694400
TI  - Diagnosis and initial management of the pregnant adolescent.

PMID- 3694401
TI  - Examination of the adolescent: a practical guide.

PMID- 3694402
TI  - Observations of children, youth, and violence.

PMID- 3694403
TI  - Parents' response to sudden infant death syndrome.

PMID- 3694404
TI  - A teaching tool for children in self care.

PMID- 3694405
TI  - Passive smoking: a danger to children's health.

PMID- 3694407
TI  - Short stature in children: evaluation and management.

PMID- 3694406
TI  - Infant colic: is there anything new?

PMID- 3694408
TI  - NAPNAP policy statement on third party payment for child health services.

PMID- 3694409
TI  - Family Planning Title X, under attack again....

PMID- 3694410
TI  - Safe biking--a bike helmet.

PMID- 3694412
TI  - [Metabolic analysis of an aza-chalcol: 10184 CERM. Isolation of a urinary N-oxide
      metabolite from the rat and its synthesis].

PMID- 3694411
TI  - Encopresis.

PMID- 3694413
TI  - [Cytotoxic effects of vitamin E on human lymphocytes in culture].

PMID- 3694414
TI  - [Analysis of tinidazole in tablets and plasma by liquid phase chromatography].

PMID- 3694415
TI  - Electrochemical reduction of mebendazole and its determination in a
      pharmaceutical dosage form by differential pulse polarography.

PMID- 3694416
TI  - [A new T.L.C. method: bidimensional with currents opposed at 180 degrees.
      Application to the identification of alkaloids in medicinal preparations of nux
      vomica].

PMID- 3694417
TI  - The influence of the osmolality on the precorneal retention of ophthalmic
      solutions.

PMID- 3694419
TI  - High-pressure liquid chromatographic separation of steroidal sapogenins isolated
      from Yucca aloifolia L.

PMID- 3694418
TI  - Silver electrode in direct potentiometric determination of 4' and 6'-methyl
      derivatives of 1-(2-phenyl-2-hydroxyiminoethyl)-1-quinolinium chloride.

PMID- 3694421
TI  - Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Pharmacological Activity and Mechanism.
      Yonago. Abstracts.

PMID- 3694420
TI  - [Drug reactions and interaction].

PMID- 3694422
TI  - Alteration in rat liver microsomal membranes induced by acetaminophen.
AB  - Acetaminophen caused a reversible change in the fluorescence polarization of
      eosin maleimide and dansyl chloride labeled to rat liver microsomes, indicating
      that acetaminophen acts on microsomal membrane proteins. Acetaminophen in the
      presence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), brought about an
      irreversible change in the fluorescence polarization of the probes.
      Acetaminophen, with or without NADPH, was also found to change the fluorescence
      polarization of lipid-soluble fluorescent probes, 2- and 12-(9
      anthroyloxy)stearic acid labeled to microsomes, indicating its action on
      microsomal membrane lipids.

PMID- 3694423
TI  - Tissue distribution of estradiol 17-sulfate 2- and 4-hydroxylation enzymes in the
      rat.
AB  - The activities of 2- and 4-hydroxylation enzymes of estradiol 17-sulfate in
      various rat tissues were measured by determining 2-hydroxyestradiol 17-sulfate
      and 4-hydroxyestradiol 17-sulfate by high performance liquid chromatography
      equipped with an electrochemical detector. Incubations were carried out in the
      presence of a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-generating
      system using microsomal fractions of each tissue. The livers of male and female
      rats, followed by the kidneys, had the highest 2-hydroxylase activities, while
      other tissues, including the brain, heart, lung, testis, ovary and uterus,
      possessed similar levels of activity. With regard to 4-hydroxylase, again the
      liver, followed by the ovary, had the highest activity. There was no significant
      difference in the activities of other tissues investigated. In addition, two
      catechol estrogens, 6 beta-, 7 beta- and 16 alpha-hydroxylated metabolites of
      estradiol 17-sulfate, were formed when male heart and lung and female liver and
      kidney were used. Male kidney was found to have a weak 6 beta-hydroxylase
      activity, also. These results show that various rat tissues, including the liver,
      have 2- and 4-hydroxylase activities for estradiol 17-sulfate and that some of
      the tissues have additional metabolic abilities such as hydroxylation at 6 beta-,
      7 beta- or 16 alpha-positions of the substrate.

PMID- 3694425
TI  - Substrain differences of age-related changes in in vivo dopamine synthesis in the
      striatum and nucleus accumbens of the rat brain.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate age-related changes in in vivo
      dopamine (DA) synthesis in the brain of Wistar rats of ST and LWH substrains.
      There were no significant differences in the regional DA levels in aged versus
      mature rats of both substrains. In the LWH substrain, the in vivo DA synthesis as
      reflected in 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine accumulation in the striatum and nucleus
      accumbens was significantly lower in the aged rats. In the ST substrain, however,
      no age-related changes in the regional in vivo DA synthesis were observed for the
      mature rats. These results suggested that the striatum and nucleus accumbens of
      the LWH rats may be more vulnerable to aging than those of ST substrain.

PMID- 3694424
TI  - Intestinal absorption and metabolism of homoursodeoxycholic acid in rats.
AB  - Intestinal absorption, hepatic biotransformation and intestinal bacterial
      modification of the C25 homolog of ursodeoxycholic acid, homoursodeoxycholic
      acid, and its glycine conjugate, glycohomoursodeoxycholic acid, were studied in
      rats. Homoursodeoxycholic acid, like ursodeoxycholic acid, was efficiently
      absorbed from the intestine and rapidly excreted into the bile. Most (greater
      than 95%) of the absorbed homoursodeoxycholic acid was found to undergo beta
      oxidation to form two C23 bile acids, norursodeoxycholic acid and nor-beta
      muricholic acid during passage through the liver. Bacterial modification of
      homoursodeoxycholic acid was very similar to that of ursodeoxycholic acid. In the
      rat intestinal tract, glycohomoursodexycholic acid was deconjugated to form
      unconjugated homoursodeoxycholic acid which was then 7 beta-dehydroxylated to
      form homolithocholic acid.

PMID- 3694426
TI  - Extrarenal metabolism of N-ethyl [2, 3-14C] maleimide-S-glutathione, a model
      compound of glutathione conjugate.
AB  - Radioactive N-ethyl [2, 3-14C]maleimide-S-glutathione (14C-NEM-S-G) was used as a
      model compound of glutathione conjugate. The metabolism of the conjugate in the
      extrarenal tissues was investigated in nephrectomized rats and perfused rat
      livers. When 14C-NEM-S-G was injected intravenously into nephrectomized rats, a
      significant amount of 14C-NEM-S-cysteine (14C-NEM-S-Cys) was detected in the
      blood, demonstrating that the conjugate could be metabolized to its cysteine form
      by extrarenal gamma-glutamyl transferase and dehydropeptidase-I. In the isolated
      liver perfusion with Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing 25 mM Hepes, both 14C-NEM
      S-Cys and 14C-NEM-S-cysteinylglycine (14C-NEM-S-Cys-Gly) were formed from 14C-NEM
      S-G. Furthermore, 14C-NEM-S-Cys-Gly was converted to 14C-NEM-S-Cys in the plasma,
      although 14C-NEM-S-G was not metabolized by the plasma itself. These results
      demonstrate that the liver and plasma contribute to the metabolism of glutathione
      conjugates in vivo.

PMID- 3694427
TI  - A comparison of a new nitrosourea derivative, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-isobutyl-3
      (beta-maltosyl)-1-nitrosourea with various antitumor agents with respect to
      therapeutic ratios in L1210 leukemia systems.
AB  - In order to further evaluate the antitumor activity of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3
      isobutyl-3-(beta-maltosyl)-1-nitrosourea (TA-077), the therapeutic ratios (a
      ratio of the optimal dose versus the dose showing 25% increase in life span) of
      TA-077 were examined using two L1210 leukemia systems and the results were
      compared with those of twenty-six antitumor agents for reference. In the i.p.
      i.p. system, in which the tumor cells were inoculated intraperitoneally (i.p.)
      and the drugs were also administered i.p., TA-077 administered daily for five
      consecutive days showed a therapeutic ratio of 40.6, which was the third highest
      of all drugs tested. However, in the i.v.-i.v. system, in which the tumor cells
      were inoculated intravenously (i.v.) and the drugs were also administered i.v.,
      TA-077 given on the same schedule showed a ratio of 13.7, which was the highest
      of all the drugs examined. The results of the present study also indicated that
      L1210 leukemia cells were highly sensitive to nitrosourea derivatives. Therefore,
      this should be taken into consideration for screening of candidates for new
      antitumor agents.

PMID- 3694428
TI  - Ouabain susceptibility of heart muscle of the house musk shrew, an insectivore: a
      comparison with the rat, guinea pig and rhesus monkey.
AB  - The susceptibility to ouabain of the heart muscle of the house musk shrew (Suncus
      murinus), an insectivore, was investigated by means of in vitro experimentation,
      and compared with the rat, guinea pig, and rhesus monkey. Contraction of the
      electrically driven heart muscles of all species slowly increased following
      application of ouabain. The shrew was approximate 100-fold more sensitive than
      the rat and 10-fold less than the guinea pig and rhesus monkey. Only the rat
      heart preparation that was arrested by the highest concentration of ouabain could
      be restored by a few washings with medium. The pharmacological characteristics of
      the shrew differ from those of the rat and were comparatively similar to those of
      the guinea pig and rhesus monkey.

PMID- 3694429
TI  - Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of piretanide in rabbits. I. Effect
      of different hydrated conditions.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of piretanide in rabbits were
      investigated. After intravenous administration, the plasma concentrations and the
      urinary excretion rates of piretanide, as well as the pharmacologic effects, were
      measured under two different hydrated conditions. In one experiment, the amount
      of the body fluid which was lost during diuresis was replaced by infusing
      Ringer's solution at exactly the same rate with the urine flow rate (treatment
      I). In another experiment, no compensatory infusion was made (treatment II).
      There was no appreciable difference between treatment I and II, as far as the
      plasma concentrations and urinary excretion rate were concerned. In spite of the
      similarities in the pharmacokinetic properties, the pharmacologic effects of
      piretanide were influenced considerably by the hydrated conditions of the body.
      The diuretic effect expressed as the excretion rate of the sum of urinary sodium
      and potassium was plotted against the corresponding urinary excretion rate of
      unchanged piretanide. The shape of the each graph showed a similar sigmoid like
      curve; however, the curve in treatment I was significantly shifted to the right
      compared to that in treatment II. This fact indicated that the pharmacologic
      effect of piretanide seemed to be modified by the contents of water and
      electrolytes in the body. The plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of
      piretanide were reasonably described by a linear three compartment open
      model.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3694430
TI  - The use of beta-cyclodextrin in lymphocyte culture. Induction of the primary
      antibody response in vitro in calf serum- or newborn bovine serum-containing
      culture medium.
AB  - In order to induce the primary antibody response to sheep erythrocytes in vitro
      in murine lymphocytes, the cells are usually cultured in RPMI-1640 medium
      containing 10% fetal calf serum (FCS). When FCS was replaced by calf serum (CS)
      or newborn bovine serum (NBS), the antibody response was poor compared with that
      obtained with FCS. However, a comparable response was induced when CS or NBS was
      added at 1% to the culture medium in combination with 500 micrograms/ml beta
      cyclodextrin (beta-CD). In the presence of beta-CD, the response was the highest
      when CS or NBS was added at 1%. An important observation was that all the lots of
      CS (5 lots) and NBS (2 lots) tested supported the response equally in the
      presence of beta-CD. The anti-sheep erythrocytes response induced by 1% CS or NBS
      in the presence of beta-CD was shown to be completely dependent on the added
      antigen, suggesting that beta-CD is not a polyclonal activator. beta-CD showed
      neither mitogenic nor cytotoxic effects on murine lymphocytes. These results
      indicate that beta-CD is a useful additive for inducing the primary antibody
      response in vitro in the culture medium containing CS or NBS which is usually
      less supportive but less expensive than FCS.

PMID- 3694431
TI  - A study on furosemide disposition in man.
AB  - Furosemide disposition in man was studied. Six male young healthy volunteers were
      given 20 mg furosemide by bolus intravenous injection and 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg
      furosemide (solution) orally. The serum drug concentration was determined by high
      performance liquid chromatography and the urinary excretion was determined
      spectrophotometrically after diazotization. The experimental data from serum and
      urine samples were simultaneously subjected to computer analysis. On the basis of
      the results, it was demonstrated that disposition of furosemide in man can be
      described by a two-compartment open model with the following average parameters:
      t1/2 alpha = 0.237 +/- 0.069 h, t1/2 beta = 1.29 +/- 0.20 h and Vss = 8.46 +/-
      2.171. After oral administration of furosemide solution, the drug was rapidly
      absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract with a first-order absorption rate
      constant ka of 2.33 +/- 0.93 h-1 but there was a lag time of about 6.45 min for
      drug resolution and entering the absorption site. The oral relative
      bioavailability was estimated as 83 +/- 14%, which was higher than reported
      values. The elimination of furosemide was very rapid and was mainly via the renal
      route. The systemic clearance (CLs) and renal clearance (CLr), following bolus
      intravenous dosing were 7.60 +/- 2.29 and 6.44 +/- 1.81 l/h, respectively. The
      oral route did not influence CLs and CLr on the whole, but the nonrenal clearance
      ratio (CRnr) after oral dosing (15.7 +/- 4.8%) was significantly higher than that
      after intravenous administration (11.2 +/- 4.0%), which can be explained by a
      first-pass effect of the liver-portal system.

PMID- 3694432
TI  - The diuretic effect of furosemide in relation to its disposition in man.
AB  - Experiments concerning the diuretic effect and disposition of furosemide were
      performed in nine healthy male volunteers. During the test period, each of
      subject was given 50 ml of water every half an hour. Under this experimental
      condition, interesting phenomena, such as almost identical duration of diuretic
      effect independent of given dose and the so-called clockwise hysteresis of the
      concentration-effect curve were observed. These phenomena revealed that the body
      water regulation system had intervened in the pharmacodynamics of furosemide.
      Based on experimental results, a model and a new equation are presented, which
      describe the quantitative relationship of the drug disposition, the diuretic
      response and the body water regulatory function.

PMID- 3694433
TI  - Prediction of plasma concentration profile during single and repeated skin
      applications of indomethacin and its calcium salt ointments.
AB  - To determine the plasma concentrations and to clarify pharmacokinetic behavior
      from a pharmaceutical application viewpoint, indomethacin (IND) and its calcium
      salt (IND-Ca) in the form of gel ointments were applied singly and repeatedly to
      rat abdominal skin under occlusions. In order to describe the plasma IND
      concentration profile during repeated percutaneous administration, a highly
      simple pharmacokinetic model including a first-order absorption process with a
      lag time was applied. IND and IND-Ca were readily absorbed with a short lag time
      from IND-Ca ointment (1% as IND, 0.14 g/cm2, 3.0 x 1.2 cm area) containing Azone.
      Even when the applied dose of IND-Ca ointment was decreased to one-fourth (1.0 x
      1.0 cm area), the plasma IND concentrations were maintained above the effective
      levels for 24h. The use of the pharmacokinetic model was justified by good
      agreement with observed data obtained after repeated percutaneous application of
      ointments. Thus, the plasma IND concentration-time courses during repeated
      percutaneous administration can be predicted by using the model.

PMID- 3694435
TI  - Ultrastructure of single smooth muscle cells contracted by carbachol and calcium
      ion.
AB  - The ultrastructural changes of single smooth muscle cells of guinea pig taenia
      coli during contraction evoked by Ca2+ (Ca) and carbachol (CCh) were investigated
      by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Cells, prepared in the presence
      of a high concentration (140 mM) of KCl, without addition of Ca, exhibited smooth
      surfaced contour. The contraction of these cells were dose dependent upon Ca.
      With the increase in Ca concentration, the contraction was accompanied with
      formation of processes (0.15 micron thick and 1 micron long), membrane
      evaginations of various sizes and shapes and cores densely packed with filaments
      at the bottoms of all evaginations. Cells, prepared in the presence of 0.18 mM Ca
      and at a physiological concentration (2.7 mM) of KCl, had two populations: One
      had shallow invaginations of the cell membrane and the other had spinous
      processes. Cells of both types were responsive to CCh and the spinous processes
      disappeared during contraction but evagination did not appear. Differences in
      ultrastructural changes during contractions between single smooth muscle cells
      and intact tissues may be due to the fact that single cells are mechanically free
      from adjacent cells and connective tissues. It is also possible that membrane
      properties change during isolation, particularly when cells are isolated in Ca
      free medium.

PMID- 3694434
TI  - Effects of beta- and gamma-cyclodextrins on the pharmacokinetic behavior of
      prednisolone after intravenous and intramuscular administrations to rabbits.
AB  - The effects of beta- and gamma-cyclodextrins (CyDs) on the pharmacokinetic
      behavior of prednisolone after intravenous or intramuscular administration in
      rabbits were investigated. The serum levels of prednisolone after intravenous
      administration were little affected by the two CyD complexes. This might have
      been due to the rapid dissociation of the complexes in the large volume of body
      fluid. On the other hand, the serum levels of prednisolone after intramuscular
      administration of the CyD complexes in the form of a suspension to rabbits were
      significantly higher than those of the drug alone. In addition, the mean
      residence times of both CyD complexes were shorter than that of prednisolone
      alone. In contrast, there was little or no difference in pharmacokinetic
      parameters after intramuscular administration of the drug in the form of a
      solution except for Tmax between prednisolone and its CyD complexes. The enhanced
      rate of bioavailability of prednisolone after intramuscular administration in the
      form of a suspension may be due to the rapid dissolution of CyD complexes.

PMID- 3694436
TI  - A difference in pharmacological properties of histamine receptors in rabbit aorta
      and basilar artery.
AB  - An interaction of Ca entry blockers, D600 and diltiazem, with histamine receptors
      was tested in rabbit aorta and basilar artery. D600 caused a parallel rightward
      shift of the concentration response curve for histamine. The slope values from
      Schild plot analysis in aorta were not different from unity. Dibenamine
      pretreatment caused reduction of maximum response to histamine in aorta. Such
      reduction was diminished markedly by the presence of D600 or chlorpheniramine in
      aorta but not in basilar artery. However, diltiazem did not influence the
      concentration response curve for histamine. These findings suggest that
      pharmacological property of histamine receptors in rabbit aorta is distinct from
      that in basilar artery. Furthermore diltiazem seems not to interact with
      histamine receptors in both vascular tissues.

PMID- 3694437
TI  - Nursing care of the child with severe combined immune deficiency.

PMID- 3694438
TI  - Testing self-perception of health theory to predict health promotion and illness
      management behavior in children with asthma.

PMID- 3694439
TI  - Protection of the rights of children as subjects for research.

PMID- 3694440
TI  - Home management of children's fevers.

PMID- 3694441
TI  - Nurses' perceptions of stressors in pediatric intensive care.

PMID- 3694442
TI  - Nurses' knowledge of child abuse and nurses' attitudes toward parental
      participation in the abused child's care.

PMID- 3694444
TI  - The manager as coach: coaching the team.

PMID- 3694443
TI  - Lebanese mother and infant temperaments as determinants of mother-infant
      interaction.

PMID- 3694445
TI  - Use of direct versus indirect methods in attachment research.

PMID- 3694446
TI  - Is our world hospitable?

PMID- 3694447
TI  - Operationalizing primary nursing in the pediatric rehabilitation setting.

PMID- 3694448
TI  - Automatic activation of self-discrepancies and emotional syndromes: when
      cognitive structures influence affect.
AB  - Different types of self-discrepancies are associated with different negative
      affects. Two studies were conducted to determine whether automatic activation of
      specific actual-self: self-guide mismatches, as cognitive structures, would
      induce distinct emotional states. Subjects possessing significant discrepancies
      between their actual self and either their ideal self-guide (attributes that
      someone wishes or hopes the person would possess) or their ought self-guide
      (attributes that someone believes the person has the duty or obligation to
      possess) responded verbally to an audiotape while "thinking about other people."
      Study 1 involved two kinds of priming attributes: self-relevant and yoked
      (another subject's self-relevant attributes). Activating mismatches induced
      momentary syndromes of dejection (sadness, decreased arousal) in ideal-discrepant
      subjects but induced agitation (nervousness, increased arousal) in ought
      discrepant subjects. In Study 2, subjects were randomized to either self
      relevant/nondiscrepant, self-discrepant, or yoked priming. The findings of Study
      1 were replicated for the self-discrepant priming condition alone. Results
      indicate that (a) mismatches constitute cognitive structures and (b) automatic
      activation of different mismatches via contextual priming induces distinct types
      of emotional discomfort.

PMID- 3694449
TI  - Social influence on group moral decisions: the interactive effects of moral
      reasoning and sex role orientation.
AB  - In this study, we examined the effects of moral reasoning level and sex role
      orientation on social influence in group decision making. We predicted that these
      two individual difference constructs would have an interactive effect such that
      people who are compatible or nonconflicted on the two dimensions would have more
      influence on a group task with moral implications than would people who are
      conflicted. All subjects individually completed a distributive decision task that
      required ranking terminally ill patients for access to a life-saving kidney
      machine. They then met in small groups and reached a group decision on the same
      task. The subjects' moral reasoning level and sex role orientation--assessed via
      the Rest Defining Issues Test (Rest, 1979) and the Bem Sex Role Inventory (Bem,
      1974), respectively--were used to predict influence on the group decision.
      Influence was measured in three ways: similarity between individual and group
      ranks, self-rated influence, and selection of the most influential group member.
      The results of all three influence measures provided support for the interactive
      hypothesis. In the discussion we consider the implications of the data for
      individual difference models of moral reasoning, the need for further
      understanding of goal competition and personality conflict, and the importance of
      considering the impact of moral factors on group decision-making proceses.

PMID- 3694450
TI  - An 8-year study of multiple influences on drug use and drug use consequences.
AB  - Multiple long-term influences on young adult drug use and abuse were tested
      within an interactionist perspective using latent-variable causal models.
      Intrapersonal influences included early drug use and social conformity. Proximal
      interpersonal influences were captured by perceived peer drug use, perceived
      adult drug use, and family disruption. More distal influences included
      perceptions of community approval or disapproval for drug use. Outcome measures
      included not only use of drugs but also disruptive drug use (getting high at work
      or school) and self-admitted problems with drugs. Data were obtained from 654
      participants at three equally spaced time points during an 8-year longitudinal
      study that began when the subjects were in junior high school. Confirmatory
      factor analyses were used to test the adequacy of the hypothesized measurement
      model. Subsequently, a structural equation, or path model, was used to examine
      the across-time relations among the latent and manifest variables. Stability
      effects were found for all repeatedly measured latent variables across the 4-year
      spans. Social conformity strongly influenced other latent variables across time.
      Early drug use and perceived adult drug use were prominent predictors of young
      adult drug use, whereas prior drug use predicted disruptive drug use and a lack
      of social conformity predicted problems with drug use. Early adult alcohol use
      predicted later disruptive drug use and problems with drug use. Perceived adult
      drug use generally influenced later alcohol use, whereas peer drug use influenced
      later cannabis and hard-drug use. Implications for prevention and treatment using
      a multicausal interactionist perspective are discussed.

PMID- 3694451
TI  - Cognitive processes and conflict in close relationships: an attribution-efficacy
      model.
AB  - A recently proposed model of cognitive processes underlying conflict in close
      relationships (Doherty, 1978, 1981a, 1981b) is revised and tested in two studies.
      Central to the original model are the causal attributions made for conflict and
      the perceived efficacy or ability to resolve conflict. The model is revised to
      incorporate judgments of responsibility and to provide a closer link to self
      efficacy theory. The first study examines attributions and efficacy expectations
      in mother-child relationships. As anticipated, only weak evidence was obtained
      for predictions retained from the original model, high-lighting the relationship
      specific nature of cognitive processes for conflict in families. A second study
      examines husband-wife relationships and provides evidence for the usefulness of
      an attribution-efficacy model for marital conflict. The attributional component
      of the model received greater support than that pertaining to efficacy
      expectations. In both studies, support was obtained for the proposal that the
      relation between conflict dimensions (e.g., blame) and causal dimensions is
      mediated by judgments of responsibility. The significance of the revisions to
      Doherty's model for understanding conflict in close relationships is discussed,
      and several avenues for further research are outlined.

PMID- 3694452
TI  - Stability and predictability of quality of women's marital relationships and
      demoralization.
AB  - This longitudinal study was motivated by cross-sectional, clinical, and survey
      research on marital relationships and individual well-being. Perceptions of
      husbands' behavior toward themselves and self-reports of demoralization were
      collected from 51 low-income women during their children's kindergarten year and
      3 years later. Longitudinal correlations of specific components and aggregated
      scores of perceptions of husbands' behavior and of demoralization revealed
      significant stability. Both initial and later marital relationship scores had
      higher correlations with later than with initial demoralization scores.
      Longitudinal correlations and multiple regression analysis supported the
      hypothesis that initial marital relationship would predict later demoralization.
      Quality of perceived marital relationship apparently has different immediate and
      long-term effects on components of individual adjustment. Integrated longitudinal
      studies of relationships and personality and their intercorrelations are needed
      to understand stability and change in adult personality and well-being.

PMID- 3694453
TI  - Determinants of perceived social support: interpersonal transactions, personal
      outlook, and transient affective states.
AB  - During the last decade, the study of social support has relied heavily on
      recipients' reports of perceived support. However, such reports of support may
      reflect not only actual supportive interpersonal transactions but also the
      recipients' own personal and perceptual dispositions and comparatively transient
      mood states. This study examines these factors' independent effects on perceived
      support. Interpersonal transactions of social support were assessed in a
      longitudinal panel design using reports from 486 adult male respondents and their
      significant others (mostly wives). Using structural modeling techniques (LISREL
      VI), an unfolding series of statistical analyses were performed. The results
      provide strong support for a model in which recipients' perception of support is
      determined significantly and strongly by actual interpersonal transactions as
      reported by significant others, moderately by the recipients' negative outlook
      bias, and weakly by their anxiety and depression as indicators of their poor
      mental health. The implications of the results for future research are discussed.

PMID- 3694454
TI  - Social-information-processing factors in reactive and proactive aggression in
      children's peer groups.
AB  - We examined social-information-processing mechanisms (e.g., hostile attributional
      biases and intention-cue detection deficits) in chronic reactive and proactive
      aggressive behavior in children's peer groups. In Study 1, a teacher-rating
      instrument was developed to assess these behaviors in elementary school children
      (N = 259). Reactive and proactive scales were found to be internally consistent,
      and factor analyses partially supported convergent and discriminant validities.
      In Study 2, behavioral correlates of these forms of aggression were examined
      through assessments by peers (N = 339). Both types of aggression related to
      social rejection, but only proactively aggressive boys were also viewed as
      leaders and as having a sense of humor. In Study 3, we hypothesized that reactive
      aggression (but not proactive aggression) would occur as a function of hostile
      attributional biases and intention-cue detection deficits. Four groups of
      socially rejected boys (reactive aggressive, proactive aggressive, reactive
      proactive aggressive, and nonaggressive) and a group of average boys were
      presented with a series of hypothetical videorecorded vignettes depicting
      provocations by peers and were asked to interpret the intentions of the
      provocateur (N = 117). Only the two reactive-aggressive groups displayed biases
      and deficits in interpretations. In Study 4, attributional biases and deficits
      were found to be positively correlated with the rate of reactive aggression (but
      not proactive aggression) displayed in free play with peers (N = 127). These
      studies supported the hypothesis that attributional biases and deficits are
      related to reactive aggression but not to proactive aggression.

PMID- 3694455
TI  - A conditional approach to dispositional constructs: the local predictability of
      social behavior.
AB  - A conditional approach to dispositions is developed in which dispositional
      constructs are viewed as clusters of if-then propositions. These propositions
      summarize contingencies between categories of conditions and categories of
      behavior rather than generalized response tendencies. A fundamental unit for
      investigating dispositions is therefore the conditional frequency of acts that
      are central to a given behavior category in circumscribed situations, not the
      overall frequency of behaviors. In an empirical application of the model, we
      examine how people's dispositional judgments are linked to extensive observations
      of targets' behavior in a range of natural social situations. We identify
      categories of these social situations in which targets' behavior may be best
      predicted from observers' dispositional judgements, focusing on the domains of
      aggression and withdrawal. One such category consists of subjectively demanding
      or stressful situations that tax people's performance competencies. As expected,
      children judged to be aggressive or withdrawn were variable across situations in
      dispositionally relevant behaviors, but they diverged into relatively predictable
      aggressive and withdrawn actions in situations that required the social, self
      regulatory, and cognitive competencies they lacked. Implications of the
      conditional approach for personality assessment and person perception research
      are considered.

PMID- 3694456
TI  - Personality in the life course.
AB  - Using elements borrowed from psychology, sociology, and history, this article
      outlines a conceptual framework for the analysis of personality in the life
      course. It is proposed that the interactional framework toward which personality
      psychology aspires may be conceived of as a sequence of interactions of
      personality with age-graded roles and social transitions in historically changing
      environments. To the extent that one can (a) identify the age-graded role paths
      in the social structure, (b) select the age-relevant situations in which these
      roles are enacted, and (c) identify measures relevant to the culture pattern
      across these age-relevant situations, it should be possible to uncover the
      coherence of personality--ways of approaching and responding to the world--across
      time and in diverse situations. Each of these steps is delineated and then
      illustrated with a longitudinal study of explosive, undercontrolled children.
      This is not an effort to articulate a theory of personality development but to
      outline the parameters of social life--temporal and situational--to which
      personality research should attend.

PMID- 3694457
TI  - Integrating personality and social psychology.

PMID- 3694458
TI  - [Chemical studies on crude drug processing. V. On the constituents of ginseng
      radix rubra (2): Comparison of the constituents of white ginseng and red ginseng
      prepared from the same Panax ginseng root].

PMID- 3694459
TI  - [Application of supercritical fluid extraction to components of crude drugs and
      plants. III. Extraction of pigments from lithospermum root and licorice root].

PMID- 3694460
TI  - [Protective effect of Chinese medicines on toxic side effects of cis
      diamminedichloroplatinum in mice].

PMID- 3694461
TI  - [Pharmacological studies on antihepatotoxic action of (+)-(6S,7S,R-biar)-5,6,7,8
      tetrahydro-1,2,3,12-tetramethoxy++ + -6,7-dimethyl-10,11-methylenedioxy-6
      dibenzo[a,c] cyclooctenol (TJN-101), a lignan component of Schisandra fruits.
      Influences of resolvents on the efficacy of TJN-101 in the experimental acute
      hepatic injuries].

PMID- 3694464
TI  - Adsorption techniques in drinking water treatment. Papers and discussion from a
      NATO/CCMS (Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society) symposium.

PMID- 3694462
TI  - [Chemical studies on the constituents of the thymelaeaceous plants. IV. Structure
      of a new spiro biflavonoid, genkwanol A, from the root of Daphne genkwa Sieb. et
      Zucc].

PMID- 3694463
TI  - The protection of drinking water quality.

PMID- 3694465
TI  - Practical applications of adsorption techniques in drinking water--Belgian
      experiences.

PMID- 3694466
TI  - The use of GAC filtration to ensure quality in drinking water from surface
      sources--Swiss experience.

PMID- 3694467
TI  - Current United Kingdom practice in the use of granular activated carbon in
      drinking water treatment.

PMID- 3694469
TI  - Prediction of multicomponent adsorption behavior in activated carbon adsorbers:
      kinetic aspects.
AB  - Although the concentrations of solutes are very low in water treatment, it cannot
      be expected that the film-diffusion model predicts breakthrough behavior
      satisfactorily, for the following reasons: most of the solutes have less
      favorable isotherms than p-nitrophenol or p-chlorophenol; many solutes are much
      larger molecules and hence have a much higher internal diffusion resistance than
      p-nitrophenol or p-chlorophenol; and displacement effects cause a much higher
      internal resistance than expected from single-solute data. Therefore, internal
      diffusion resistance has to be incorporated into the film-homogeneous diffusion
      model. All parameters needed in this model can be obtained from batch reactor
      tests. Multi-solute systems may be regarded as a single-solute system or a bi
      solute system, respectively, if all solutes except one or two are present in very
      different concentrations; and/or have a comparatively small affinity to activated
      carbon; and/or have a comparatively small internal diffusion coefficient.

PMID- 3694470
TI  - Prediction of multicomponent adsorption behavior: equilibrium aspects.

PMID- 3694468
TI  - Design criteria and process schemes for GAC filters--German experiences.

PMID- 3694471
TI  - Laboratory activated carbon test methods for water utilities.
AB  - All the significant parameters which are necessary to describe the adsorption
      behavior of granular activated carbons have been discussed. Figure 7 is a
      schematic diagram of the proposed test concept. First, we have to evaluate the
      equilibrium parameters, KF and n. Frick has shown how to determine those
      parameters for multicomponent solutions. For comparison and classification of
      different carbons, we can calculate the V* v-OSW and the V* v-PNP values
      corresponding to m3 water treated per m3 GAC. Secondly, we can determine a mass
      transfer coefficient with the film (Table: see text) diffusion test and evaluate
      an effective external surface area Aeff. Finally, we can measure an effective
      diffusion coefficient as a characteristic value for the internal kinetic behavior
      of the carbon under investigation. With the results of the granular activated
      carbon tests and the diffusion characteristics of the organics in the bulk
      liquid, it is possible to predict filter breakthrough curves of unknown
      multicomponent solutions, as discussed by Baldauf.

PMID- 3694472
TI  - Prediction of breakthrough patterns of organics from laboratory tests.
AB  - The investigations have shown that it is possible to predict the breakthrough
      behavior of complex mixtures in a pilot-plant filter. The aim of future studies
      will be to predict the breakthrough behavior of waterworks filters in the same
      way as discussed here. This seems to be fairly simple if the filters are working
      with adsorption only. If, in addition, biological processes occur in a filter (as
      is generally observed), these processes have to be taken into account because an
      additional mechanism exists for removal of organic substances in the activated
      carbon filter. Investigations in a new research program will also need to
      consider the influence of ozone on biodegradation. Use of the methods already
      discussed, can help to optimize existing plants, as well as a proper control of
      the efficiency of the regeneration processes.

PMID- 3694474
TI  - The Mulheim process for treating Ruhr River water.

PMID- 3694473
TI  - Prediction of full scale plant performance from pilot columns.
AB  - The first attempt to provide a data base for comparing a pilot and full scale
      system for various organics produced results that require further investigation.
      Although both of the pilot systems had longer average contact times than their
      respective full scale systems, a uniform pattern of longer service time for the
      different substances evaluated did not occur. These results may not be consistent
      with the data collected using pilot contactors in series to observe the effect of
      contact time. The series pilot contactor system provided data that show the
      effect of varying empty bed contact time on the removal of the organic substances
      studied. Improved effluent quality was generally achieved with increased contact
      time. A pilot series system similar to the one used is considered essential in
      collecting and interpreting design data. A method of statistical interpretation
      of the results was developed that shows promise for use in evaluating pilot
      column results. Further evaluation is required to assess that all pertinent
      factors were properly controlled during the investigation. Also, repeat testing
      will be conducted, attempting to control more closely the contact times between
      the pilot and full scale systems. The comparative granular activated carbon
      particle sizes also will be more closely examined. Although pilot to full-scale
      comparisons have been successfully performed for single parameters, the results
      for multiple organics have not been previously reported. Such a data base, if
      properly collected, will provide invaluable background in assessing what types of
      design safety factors are required when using pilot column data to predict full
      scale results for a naturally occurring mixture of organic substances.

PMID- 3694475
TI  - Operational experiences with the carbon adsorption plant at Church Wilne.
AB  - The Church Wilne Works now has a carbon treatment facility that allows water from
      a problematic source to be supplied to part of the City of Nottingham. The
      difficulties with odour from warm water have been overcome and the originally
      unsuspected problem of trace organic contamination has been satisfactorily
      resolved. The Works has its own self-contained carbon regeneration facility,
      which is covered in a separate paper at this conference.

PMID- 3694476
TI  - Treatment of ground water with granular activated carbon.

PMID- 3694477
TI  - Treatment of Ohio River water.

PMID- 3694478
TI  - Results from Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission studies.

PMID- 3694479
TI  - Design and operational experiences with activated carbon adsorbers: treatment of
      Delaware River water, US.

PMID- 3694480
TI  - Operational experiences with activated carbon adsorbers at Water Factory 21.

PMID- 3694481
TI  - US experience with granular activated carbon adsorption.

PMID- 3694482
TI  - Effect of pre-chlorination on activated carbon adsorption.

PMID- 3694483
TI  - Removal of purgeable organic chlorine compounds by activated carbon adsorption.
AB  - The increasing demand for drinking water in the city of Cologne could no longer
      be met solely by ground water resources. A group of wells was placed in a meander
      of the Rhine River south of Cologne in order to draw bank-infiltrated ground
      water from the river. Geohydrological conditions at that location assure that the
      pumped raw water is mainly bank-infiltrated water from the Rhine River. The
      relatively long underground passage, of about 600 m, provides significant
      pretreatment of the river water.

PMID- 3694484
TI  - Removal of higher molecular weight organic compounds by the granular activated
      carbon adsorption unit process.
AB  - The granular activated carbon adsorption unit process in drinking water treatment
      typically removes purgeable organic compounds for time periods on the order of a
      few weeks. Experimental evidence indicates that less volatile compounds of
      generally higher molecular weight than the purgeable fraction, but still
      detectable by gas chromatography, are efficiently removed for longer periods.
      Field data substantiate this. Explanatory mechanisms may include stronger
      adsorption affinities or biodegradation. Non-gas chromatographable, higher
      molecular weight materials such as humic acids, as measured by Total Organic
      Carbon (TOC) or trihalomethane formation potential, revert to lower removal
      efficiencies. Biodegradation may be responsible for a continued long term removal
      of a fraction of these materials.

PMID- 3694486
TI  - Use of ultraviolet (UV) absorption for control of adsorption processes.
AB  - Summarizing all the available experience from different types of investigations,
      the following conclusions can be made: 1. UV-absorbance has proved useful as a
      control parameter for granular activated carbon filter performance. It is very
      easy to measure and very often runs parallel with other more significant but more
      difficult-to-measure criteria, such as dissolved organic chlorine. 2. Generally
      speaking, UV-absorbance can be used in those cases where parallel tests using
      other parameters and analytical methods have shown that the UV data correlate
      sufficiently well with other more important criteria. This is often, although not
      always, the case. There may be exceptions, for instance if the removal of pure
      substances like haloforms in small concentration is crucial for the carbon filter
      operation. 3. In most cases, carbon filter control can best be done by using a
      convenient method, such as UV-absorbance, for routine control of the filters and
      by comparing these data from time to time with the results of other more
      sophisticated methods. This will allow conclusions from easily obtainable data
      and will give information in such a short time that special tests could be made
      in case of unusual values and relationships. In this respect, UV-absorbance
      measurements can be worthwhile and helpful for carbon filter control.

PMID- 3694485
TI  - A review of analysis techniques for organic carbon and organic halide in drinking
      water.

PMID- 3694487
TI  - Bioassay techniques for evaluating the possible carcinogenicity of adsorber
      effluents.

PMID- 3694489
TI  - US position--historical and regulatory.

PMID- 3694488
TI  - Specific analysis of trace organics in water using gas chromatography and mass
      spectroscopy.
AB  - For the characterization of a broad range of compounds in water, various methods
      have been combined into a procedure. The reliability and limitations of this
      approach have been discussed in this paper. This combined procedure represents
      only a preliminary solution to the problem of organic materials in water. Future
      improvements will be possible as new columns, instruments, and software become
      available. Physico-chemical constants of trace organic compounds have been used
      to predict and interpret their extraction and pre-separation in an analytical
      scheme where purge/trap and solvent extraction methods are combined to measure a
      broad range of organic materials. This approach is limited by the scarcity of
      thermodynamic data; such data must be generated if predictive models of pollutant
      behavior in analytical as well as environmental systems are to be developed. In
      summary, the basic requirements for analyzing trace organic compounds in tertiary
      effluents and drinking waters include: The analysis must be based on a small
      sample size (up to 1 liter). Samples of one gallon or more are costly to ship and
      difficult to process and store. Samples of one liter or less can be shipped at
      moderate cost and stored in medium-sized refrigerators. The detection limit for
      most trace contaminants must be in the lower nanogram per liter range. At
      detection limits of 1 microgram/l and above, the removal (or formation) of many
      contaminants cannot be determined precisely. For conclusive results,
      variabilities of the procedure, the compound, and concentration at a sampling
      point have to be considered and investigated. Generally, approximately 30 samples
      are needed to establish a concentration distribution (1).

PMID- 3694490
TI  - An evolutionary approach to activated carbon treatment in France.

PMID- 3694492
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of propylene glycol in the rabbit.
AB  - Propylene glycol (PG) is widely used as a drug solvent in the pharmaceutical
      industry. However, it has produced central nervous system toxicity during chronic
      administration. The current study was undertaken to describe the pharmacokinetics
      of propylene glycol during acute and constant-rate intravenous dosing, using the
      rabbit as an animal model. In the acute dosing experiment, metabolism of PG was
      the dominant disposition pathway, characterized by concentration-dependent
      metabolic clearance. Renal excretion of PG accounted for only 2.4 to 14.2% of the
      total dose following acute administration due to significant reabsorption in the
      rabbit kidney. An ascending-convex relationship exists between renal clearance
      and urine flow. During constant-rate intravenous infusion studies, there was a
      disproportionate relationship between infusion rate and steady-state
      concentration, providing further evidence for capacity-limited disposition
      kinetics. The ascending-convex relationship between renal clearance and urine
      flow was also apparent in the long-term infusion studies.

PMID- 3694491
TI  - Objectives and procedures for GAC treatment in The Netherlands.

PMID- 3694493
TI  - Competition between two enzymes for substrate removal in liver: modulating
      effects due to substrate recruitment of hepatocyte activity.
AB  - Modulating effects of competing pathways, exemplified by sulfation (high affinity
      low capacity) and glucuronidation (low affinity-high capacity), on drug
      disappearance and metabolite formation were investigated in a simulation study.
      The phenomenon of substrate recruitment of hepatocyte activity in drug removal
      and metabolite formation was shown with respect to inlet substrate concentration,
      and drug processing from inlet to outlet by enzyme systems localized
      differentially along the sinusoidal flow path in liver. Three enzymic
      distribution models: (A) sulfation and glucuronidation evenly distributed in
      liver, (b) sulfation occurring exclusively in the first half of the liver and
      glucuronidation in the second half, and (C) glucuronidation solely in the first
      half and sulfation in the second half, were described. The influence of Km and
      Vmax of the competing pathway, including enzyme induction (increase in Vmax), on
      any given pathway was also explored. Competing pathways exert their effects on
      other given pathways by modulating intrahepatic drug concentration from the inlet
      to outlet of the liver. When a competing pathway is similarly distributed or is
      at an anterior location to another pathway, the former pathway effectively
      reduces intrahepatic drug concentrations which reach downstream hepatocytes for
      recruitment of activity. For example, when glucuronidation activity is anterior
      to sulfation activity (defined with respect to flow direction), sulfation is
      without an effect on glucuronidation, but glucuronidation exerts a maximal
      influence over sulfation rates (Model C). When glucuronidation is in direct
      competition with sulfation (Model A) or is posteriorly distributed to sulfation
      (Model B), saturation of the high-affinity sulfation pathway leads to greater
      fluxes of substrate available downstream for glucuronidation. This results in an
      apparent compensatory increase in glucuronidation with reduced sulfation
      capacity, which occurs at input concentrations greater than the Km for sulfation
      but less than the Km for glucuronidation. This compensation pattern is more
      prominent for highly extracted compounds where both sulfation and glucuronidation
      are effective pathways in drug removal, and where large intrahepatic drug
      concentration gradients are expected. Since the physiologic description of
      intrahepatic drug concentration is often described by a concentration gradient
      from the inlet to outlet of the liver, the logarithmic average concentration has
      been used to estimate the mean liver concentration in the determination of
      kinetic constants for enzymic reactions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3694494
TI  - Kinetics of drug metabolism inhibition: use of metabolite concentration-time
      profiles.
AB  - A simple model simulating the kinetics of drug metabolism inhibition interaction
      is investigated. The relative sensitivity of drug and metabolite concentration
      time profiles as indices of inhibition is assessed. Under steady-state conditions
      where inhibitor concentrations are maintained constant, the determination of
      metabolite in addition to drug kinetics provides little additional information
      when inhibition is nonselective in nature. However metabolite profiles do offer
      increased sensitivity when parallel routes of metabolism exist and there is
      selectivity of inhibitory action. Non-steady-state conditions are also
      investigated as they often apply in inhibition studies; the inhibitor is often
      administered as a single dose or as a multiple dosing regimen rather than by a
      constant rate intravenous infusion. Under the former conditions, when inhibitor
      concentrations in the body fluctuate during the study, metabolite kinetics can be
      more useful than drug kinetics. The changes evident in the metabolite
      concentration-time profiles are substantial due to both the inhibition per se and
      the nonlinearity in the system arising from inhibitor elimination. It is
      concluded that metabolite kinetics provide a useful aid in the detection of drug
      metabolism inhibition interactions.

PMID- 3694495
TI  - Estimates of the population pharmacokinetic parameters and performance of
      Bayesian feedback: a sensitivity analysis.
AB  - We investigated the influence of bias in the estimates of the population
      pharmacokinetic parameters on the performance of Bayesian feedback in achieving a
      desired drug serum concentration. Three specific cases were considered (i) steady
      state case, (ii) lidocaine example, and (iii) mexiletine example. Whereas in the
      first case both the feedback and the desired concentration represented steady
      state values, in the lidocaine and mexiletine examples the feedback concentration
      was assumed to be sampled shortly after starting therapy. RMSE was used as a
      measure of predictive performance. For the simple steady-state case the
      relationship between RMSE and bias in the parameter estimates describing the
      prior distribution could be derived analytically. Monte Carlo simulations were
      used to explore the two non-steady-state situations. In general, the performance
      of Bayesian feedback to predict serum concentrations was relatively insensitive
      to bad population parameter estimates. However, large changes in RMSE could be
      observed with small changes in the true variance component parameters in
      particular in the intraindividual residual variance, sigma 2 epsilon, indicating
      that the prediction interval, in contrast to point prediction, is sensitive to
      bias in the estimates of the population parameters.

PMID- 3694496
TI  - The influence of variable gastric emptying and intestinal transit rates on the
      plasma level curve of cimetidine; an explanation for the double peak phenomenon.
AB  - A physiological flow model is presented to account for plasma level double peaks
      based on cyclical gastric emptying and intestinal motility in the fasted state.
      Central to the model is the assumption that gastric emptying and intestinal
      transit rates will vary directly with the strength of the contractile activity
      characteristic of the fasted state motility cycle. Simulated curves clearly
      indicate that variable gastric emptying rates can result in variable absorption
      rates from the gastrointestinal tract and double peaks in the plasma level curves
      of cimetidine. Vital to the occurrence of double peaks are (i) dosing time
      relative to phasic activity, (ii) variability in flow out of the stomach, and
      (iii) a small emptying rate constant Qs/Vs, for a period of time within the first
      hour after administration. Variability in intestinal flow rates alone does not
      cause a double peak in the plasma level curve. Results of the simulations, as
      well as experimental results, can be categorized according to the shapes of the
      plasma level curves into four types: type A, Cpmax (1) less than Cpmax (2); type
      B, single peak; type C, Cpmax (1) greater than Cpmax (2); type D, Cpmax(1) =
      Cpmax(2). Assuming that the experimental results were obtained from fasted
      subjects, with the time of dose administration being a random variable, the
      frequency of the experimental curves having shape A, B, C, or D correlates
      extremely well with theoretical predictions. It is concluded that variable
      gastric emptying rates due to the motility cycle can account for plasma level
      double peaks. Furthermore, variable gastric emptying rates combined with the
      short plasma elimination half-life and poor gastric absorption of cimetidine can
      be the cause of the frequently observed plasma level double peaks.

PMID- 3694497
TI  - Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling: what it is!
AB  - Although Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling has been around for decades, it
      is still in its infancy with respect to the future of its current manifestation.
      Due to the amount of time and other resources that must be committed for
      successful development and application of these methods, economic incentives must
      be made available to academic and industrial scientists through the NIH and FDA,
      respectively. The long-term returns should more than compensate for the
      investments in the form of scientific understanding of the concentration-effect
      relationships as well as more efficient and acceptable NDAs. Could this be the
      answer to the drug lag in the United States and other countries?

PMID- 3694498
TI  - Nursing strategies to influence adolescent hopefulness during oncologic illness.

PMID- 3694499
TI  - Herpes-zoster infections in children with Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 3694500
TI  - Childhood cancer--advances in the past decade.

PMID- 3694502
TI  - Endocrine assessment and treatment of long term survivors of childhood cancer.

PMID- 3694503
TI  - Stress and coping in siblings of childhood cancer patients.

PMID- 3694501
TI  - Stress management for pediatric oncology nurses.

PMID- 3694504
TI  - Planning, marketing, implementing and evaluating a nursing symposium on pediatric
      oncology.

PMID- 3694505
TI  - The effects of group therapy on parents of children with cancer.

PMID- 3694506
TI  - A guide to collaborative research.

PMID- 3694508
TI  - A staff development program for pediatric oncology nurses in the hospital
      setting.

PMID- 3694507
TI  - The relationship between self-concept and a summer camping program for children
      and adolescents who have cancer.

PMID- 3694510
TI  - Obtaining urine specimens from diapers.

PMID- 3694509
TI  - Interdisciplinary development of support groups for pediatric oncology settings.

PMID- 3694511
TI  - Qualitative research methodology.

PMID- 3694512
TI  - Local toxicities of chemotherapy.

PMID- 3694513
TI  - Noise pollution.

PMID- 3694514
TI  - The effects of treatment for cancer in childhood on growth and development
      (correction).

PMID- 3694515
TI  - APON's scope of practice.

PMID- 3694516
TI  - Tune in the world.

PMID- 3694517
TI  - Nurses' perceptions of stress-reduction techniques in pediatric oncology.

PMID- 3694518
TI  - Fetal alcohol syndrome: a role for zinc? Implications for intervention.

PMID- 3694519
TI  - Drug passage into breast milk: principles and concerns.

PMID- 3694521
TI  - Lactation and its effects on sexuality.

PMID- 3694520
TI  - Breastfeeding and the hospitalized premature infant.

PMID- 3694523
TI  - High serum vitamin E levels in premature infants receiving MVI-Pediatric.

PMID- 3694522
TI  - Maternal phenylketonuria and hyperphenylalanemia: a problem born of success.

PMID- 3694524
TI  - An analysis of amplifying and potentiating interactions between agonists.
AB  - Considerable attention has been given to interactions between different kinds of
      agonists mediating common pharmacologic effects, in particular those interactions
      that involve mutual amplification of effects. However, no satisfactory
      explanation has been given for this phenomenon. In this paper, a theoretical
      model for a two-receptor-one-transducer system is developed that can be used to
      establish conditions under which agonist-agonist interactions may exhibit
      amplification. It is predicted that threshold amplification results when the
      common transducer relation subserving each receptor is positively cooperative.
      When this relation is rectangular hyperbolic or negatively cooperative, less than
      additive affects are predicted in general. This model also predicts mutual
      potentiation between agonists in the positively cooperative case. In practice,
      amplification and potentiation between agonists may be related to and predicted
      from the shapes of concentration-effect curves for the individual agonists. The
      predictions of the model are tested experimentally by analyzing the interactions
      between histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in rabbit isolated aorta and between
      norepinephrine and histamine in guinea pig isolated right atria.

PMID- 3694526
TI  - Hepatic uptake and storage of warfarin. The relation with the target enzyme
      vitamin K 2,3-epoxide reductase.
AB  - The mechanisms of the reported dose-dependent warfarin pharmacokinetics were
      investigated using [14C]warfarin. When administered in microdoses (9 micrograms
      i.v.) to rats (male Wistars, 270-300 g), a steep distribution phase (T1/2 = 0.25
      hr) was followed by a relatively slow beta-phase (T1/2 = 40 hr). The observed
      volume of distribution was 390 ml. This pharmacokinetic behavior contrasted
      highly with the one seen for higher (greater than 0.2 mg/kg) doses (unlabeled)
      warfarin; volume of distribution = 45 ml, T1/2 = 12.5 hr. If a "macrodose" (0.2
      mg/kg) preceded (16 hr) the "microdose," "normal" pharmacokinetics were observed
      for the latter, suggesting a saturable "deep compartment." The administration of
      4-hydroxycoumarins (i.e., acenocoumarol, phenprocoumon and warfarin) after the
      microdose of [14C]warfarin was in its beta-phase caused a rapid rise of plasma
      [14C]warfarin indicating [14C]warfarin to be displaced from the "deep
      compartment." The rate of appearance of [14C]warfarin was 0.3 hr-1 irrespective
      the 4-hydroxycoumarin used. The hepatic distribution of [14C]warfarin was
      investigated and the effect of a displacer thereupon. Fifty-three hours after the
      [14C]warfarin administration, the liver contained about 40% of the dose; 45% of
      it was bound to microsomes. The administration of acenocoumarol (0.2 mg/kg) at 48
      hr, halved the liver content. [14C]warfarin was redistributed from microsomes (
      65%) and from the 10,000 X g pellet (-65%) into the cytosol (+260%) and the
      plasma (+320%). Microsomal bound [14C]warfarin in vitro could not be washed out
      or be displaced unless dithiothreitol (50 mM) was included in the washing
      buffers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3694525
TI  - Resultant action of cimetidine in a cardiac adenylate cyclase assay: its
      elucidation by concentration-ratios analysis.
AB  - Cimetidine is widely used as a ligand for the classification of histamine H2
      receptors in peripheral and central tissues. It demonstrates apparently simple
      competitive antagonism in isolated tissue assays and in brain adenylate cyclase
      assays. In this study its action in a cardiac adenylate cyclase assay was
      compared with its effects in the isolated guinea pig right atrial preparation.
      Using either histamine or impromidine, cimetidine expressed similar affinity (pKB
      = 6.1) in the intact tissue assay. In washed homogenates of guinea pig ventricle
      cimetidine appeared to antagonize competitively the stimulation by histamine of
      adenylate cyclase but the estimated pKB was 6.7. In contrast, the pKB for
      tiotidine was similar in both assays (7.7). Application of a recently developed
      concentration-ratios method indicated that cimetidine expressed a resultant
      action in the cyclase assay consisting of competitive H2-receptor antagonism and
      an additional inhibitory property involving a postreceptor action. The
      concentration-ratios analysis allowed the purely competitive component of
      cimetidine action to be quantified in the cyclase assay giving a pKB of 6.0.

PMID- 3694527
TI  - Blocking effects of alinidine on negative chronotropic and inotropic responses to
      vagal stimulation and injected acetylcholine and carbachol in dogs.
AB  - The effects of alinidine on negative chrono- and inotropic responses to
      cholinergic interventions, i.e., intramural vagal nerve stimulation and an
      injection of acetylcholine (ACh) or carbachol, were investigated in isolated,
      blood-perfused canine atrial preparations perfused by arterial blood from donor
      dogs. Vagal nerve stimulation (5, 10 or 30 Hz) and an injection of ACh (0.17-1.65
      nmol) or carbachol (0.05-0.55 nmol) induced frequency-dependent and dose
      dependent negative chrono- and inotropic responses, respectively. These responses
      were reproducible in the same preparation. During the negative chrono- and
      inotropic responses to alinidine (85-854 nmol), cardiac responses to cholinergic
      interventions were depressed dose-dependently. The depressive effects of
      alinidine on the negative chronotropic responses were significantly (P less than
      .05) greater than those on the negative inotropic ones. However, alinidine did
      not affect adenosine-induced negative cardiac responses. Atropine (0.43-4.32
      nmol) uniformly blocked responses to cholinergic intervention dose-dependently.
      The potency of the antimuscarinic effect of alinidine was approximately 1/200 to
      1/500 of the potency of atropine at the 50% inhibition dose for responses to
      vagal stimulation, carbachol and ACh. Intravenous administration of alinidine (1
      mg/kg) to the donor dog also suppressed cardiac responses to choline esters and
      vagal stimulation in the isolated atrium perfused by the donor's blood. These
      results suggest that alinidine has suppressive effects on the negative chrono-
      and inotropic responses to exogenous choline esters and endogenous ACh from
      parasympathetic nerve terminals at the post-junctional cholinergic muscarinic
      receptors in the dog heart.

PMID- 3694529
TI  - Possible mechanism by which coenzyme Q10 improves reoxygenation-induced recovery
      of cardiac contractile force after hypoxia.
AB  - To elucidate possible mechanisms by which coenzyme Q10 enhances reoxygenation
      induced recovery of cardiac contractile force after hypoxia, rabbit hearts were
      subjected to hypoxic perfusion for 20 min, followed by 45 min-reoxygenation with
      or without pretreatment with coenzyme Q10. Hypoxia induced a decline in cardiac
      contractile force, a decrease in myocardial high-energy phosphates and a release
      of ATP metabolites and creatine phosphokinase from the perfused heart. Upon
      reoxygenation the rate of release of ATP metabolites subsided, but no appreciable
      recovery of the loss of contractile force and the reduction of myocardial ATP
      content was seen, and the release of creatine phosphokinase was increased
      further. Pretreatment of rabbits with coenzyme Q10 resulted in an appreciable
      recovery of cardiac contractile force and of myocardial ATP content upon
      reoxygenation. The release of creatine phosphokinase from hearts during hypoxia
      and reoxygenation was inhibited completely by the pretreatment. Changes in the UV
      absorbance of the perfusate suggested that coenzyme Q10 reduced the loss of ATP
      metabolites from hypoxic hearts. Furthermore, high-performance liquid
      chromatographic analysis indicated that coenzyme Q10 attenuated the release of
      inosine and hypoxanthine from the hearts and decreased myocardial inosine and
      adenosine content of the hypoxic heart, suggesting that coenzyme Q10 retards the
      breakdown of ATP metabolites which are possible substrates for a salvage
      synthesis of ATP, when oxygen is replenished. This could account for an
      appreciable restoration of ATP, and eventually provide a significant recovery of
      cardiac contractile force upon reoxygenation.

PMID- 3694528
TI  - Intestinal permeation of nonquaternary amines: a study with telenzepine and
      pirenzepine in the isolated mucosa of guinea pig jejunum and colon.
AB  - Previous studies which demonstrated an intestinal secretion of quaternary
      ammonium compounds in the jejunum were extended to nonquaternary amines.
      Telenzepine and pirenzepine, two structurally similar compounds differing in
      lipid solubility, were administered either to the lumen or blood side of isolated
      mucosae of guinea pig jejunum and colon mounted in a flux chamber.
      Transepithelial permeation of both drugs from blood to lumen side was 3.2 to 18
      times higher than in the reverse, absorptive direction. The indicated net
      secretion was highest with telenzepine in the colon. At 7 degrees C
      transepithelial permeation was restricted to paracellular shunt fluxes. In the
      colon, the highest cellular concentrations were observed after blood side
      administration of telenzepine and pirenzepine (500 and 150% of that of the
      incubation solution). At 7 degrees C these values were reduced to 1 of 5 and 1 of
      8 of the values at 37 degrees C. At pH 6.6, 7.4 or 8.2, no differences in the
      colonic secretion of telenzepine were seen; cellular concentration increased with
      increasing pH only after luminal administration. Under all conditions, the colon
      acidified the luminal solution by roughly 0.4 pH units. Phenoxybenzamine, shown
      previously to inhibit the jejunal secretion of quaternary ammonium compounds,
      inhibited the secretion of pirenzepine and telenzepine in both gut segments, but
      did not affect blood-to-lumen permeation of N-methylscopolamine in the colon. In
      addition, phenoxybenzamine reduced the cellular content in the colon but had
      little or no effect on pirenzepine or telenzepine content in the jejunum. The
      results are consistent with a model in which the nonquaternary amines are
      secreted in the jejunum by two serial transport steps specific for the base
      cations; an additional diffusion of the free bases is of importance in the
      basolateral membrane. In the colon, carrier-mediated influx increases with
      lipophilicity of the base cations, whereas efflux across the brush border is
      limited to diffusion of the free bases; concomitant luminal acidification and
      formation of base cations maintains the diffusion gradient.

PMID- 3694530
TI  - Anion exchanger mediates benzylpenicillin transport in rat choroid plexus.
AB  - Transport characteristics of benzylpenicillin in the central nervous system was
      examined using ATP-depleted rat choroid plexus. In the presence of an outwardly
      directed Cl- gradient, accumulation of benzylpenicillin was stimulated markedly
      compared with the accumulation in the absence of Cl- gradient. Under Cl- gradient
      conditions, benzylpenicillin was accumulated transiently at a concentration
      approximately 1.7-fold higher than at equilibrium ("overshoot") implying the
      uphill transport. The Cl- gradient-stimulated accumulation of benzylpenicillin
      was not solely due to the changes in the membrane potential or in the
      intracellular pH. Accumulation of benzylpenicillin in choroid plexuses preloaded
      with HCO3-, SCN- or benzylpenicillin also was stimulated compared with the
      accumulation in unpreloaded choroid plexuses. The Cl- gradient-stimulated
      benzylpenicillin accumulation was saturable (Km = 13.6 microM and Vmax = 3.76
      nmol/ml of tissue per min), and was reduced by sulfhydryl reagents (p
      hydroxymercuribenzoic acid, p-chloromercuribenzoic acid, p
      chloromercuribenzenesulfonic acid and N-ethylmaleimide). Probenecid and anionic
      exchange inhibitors (furosemide, 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'
      disulfonic acid and 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid) inhibited
      the Cl- gradient-stimulated benzylpenicillin accumulation in a dose-dependent
      fashion. An inwardly directed Na+ gradient did not stimulate the accumulation of
      benzylpenicillin. These findings suggest that the principal mechanism for the
      uphill transport of benzylpenicillin in the rat choroid plexus is via an anionic
      exchanger.

PMID- 3694531
TI  - Central sympathoinhibitory action of ketanserin in rats.
AB  - The effect of ketanserin on sympathetic efferent nerve activity which was
      recorded from the postganglionic renal nerve, inferior cardiac nerve and
      preganglionic adrenal nerve was studied in buffer nerve-intact rats. Intravenous
      administration of ketanserin (0.05-5.0 mg/kg) produced bradycardia and a
      reduction of mean arterial pressure dose-dependently. Renal nerve activity and
      inferior cardiac nerve activity also were reduced by ketanserin. After i.v.
      administration, baroreceptor afferent nerve activity did not increase, but
      actually decrease. Moreover, i.v. and i.c.v. administration of ketanserin caused
      a decrease in preganglionic adrenal nerve activity accompanied with hypotension
      and bradycardia. Ketanserin (0.5 mg/kg i.v.) and clonidine (3 micrograms/kg i.v.)
      produced equihypotension and bradycardia. On the other hand, the ketanserin
      induced reduction of renal nerve activity was milder than that induced by
      clonidine. The present findings confirmed that ketanserin has a central
      sympathoinhibitory action. This central action of ketanserin may play an
      important role in ketanserin-induced bradycardia and may be partially responsible
      for ketanserin-induced hypotension.

PMID- 3694532
TI  - Antiarrhythmic, electrophysiologic and hemodynamic effects of ACC-9358.
AB  - The antiarrhythmic, electrophysiologic and hemodynamic effects of a new
      antiarrhythmic agent, ACC-9358, were evaluated. In anesthetized dogs, ACC-9358
      converted ouabain-induced ventricular tachycardia to normal sinus rhythm at a
      cumulative dose equal to encainide or flecainide and less than disopyramide. In
      24-hr coronary artery ligated dogs, ACC-9358 suppressed spontaneous ventricular
      arrhythmias for up to 6 hr after oral or i.v. administration. The antiarrhythmic
      effect and plasma concentrations of ACC-9358 correlated well for both oral (r =
      0.88) and i.v. (r = 0.87) administration. ACC-9358, flecainide and disopyramide
      were equieffective in converting crush-stimulation-induced atrial flutter in
      anesthetized dogs to normal sinus rhythm. In alpha-chloralose-anesthetized,
      closed-chest dogs, ACC-9358 slowed impulse conduction through the atria,
      atrioventricular node, His-Purkinje system and ventricles and prolonged atrial
      functional refractory period. In conscious dogs, ACC-9358 increased heart rate,
      reduced stroke volume and had no effect on mean arterial pressure, systemic
      vascular resistance or cardiac output. In alpha-chloralose-anesthetized dogs, ACC
      9358-induced sinus tachycardia was unaffected by propranolol but was blocked by
      hexamethonium or vagotomy. In isolated cat ventricular muscle, the IC50 for the
      negative inotropic effect of ACC-9358 was significantly greater than flecainide
      or disopyramide. These results indicate that ACC-9358 is a potent, broad
      spectrum, long-acting, orally and intravenously active class Ic antiarrhythmic
      agent that 1) may be devoid of active metabolites, 2) exerts little or no
      vascular effects and 3) has less direct cardiodepressant activity than flecainide
      or disopyramide.

PMID- 3694533
TI  - Negative inotropic effect of platelet-activating factor on human myocardium: a
      pharmacological study.
AB  - Because platelet-activating factor (PAF) has prominent depressant effects on
      cardiac contractility in various mammalian species, we assessed the negative
      inotropic effect of PAF on non-coronary perfused human right atrial pectinate
      muscles paced at constant rate. We found that PAF is a potent negative inotropic
      agent (EC50 approximately equal to 160 pM), whose action is unmodified by
      atropine, indomethacin and the leukotriene receptor antagonist compound FPL
      55712. The negative inotropic effect of PAF was, however, antagonized by drugs
      known to inhibit PAF-induced platelet aggregation: the order of relative potency
      was SRI 63-441 greater than CV-3988 greater than alprazolam greater than or equal
      to triazolam; i.e., the same order in which these compounds antagonize the
      effects of PAF on platelets. Thus, the potent negative inotropic effect of PAF on
      human myocardium is independent of coronary flow changes, involves neither
      cholinergic mechanisms nor arachidonate metabolites and is probably mediated by
      specific receptors.

PMID- 3694534
TI  - Hepatic vs. gastrointestinal presystemic extraction of oral midazolam and
      flurazepam.
AB  - An experimental model was developed to elucidate the site of presystemic
      extraction of drugs with incomplete bioavailability due to high extraction after
      p.o. dosage. Domestic pigs received single i.v. or p.o. doses of midazolam (1
      mg/kg) or flurazepam (2 mg/kg), two benzodiazepine derivatives with high
      presystemic extraction after p.o. dosage. Multiple blood samples were
      simultaneously drawn from the portal vein and from a systemic vein during 8 hr
      after dosage. After i.v. administration, both drugs had high systemic serum
      clearance, averaging 24 ml/min/kg. Area under the serum concentration curve (AUC)
      for systemic vs. portal sites was nearly identical for midazolam (769 vs. 737
      ng/ml x hr); for flurazepam, systemic AUC exceeded portal AUC (1035 vs. 778 ng/ml
      x hr, P less than .01). After p.o. dosage, the systemic/portal AUC ratio averaged
      0.15 for midazolam and 0.11 for flurazepam; for both drugs, portal AUC after p.o.
      dosage did not differ significantly from systemic AUC after i.v. administration.
      Thus, the extensive presystemic extraction of orally administered midazolam and
      flurazepam are mainly attributable to hepatic biotransformation rather than
      metabolism either within the gastrointestinal tract or during absorption into the
      portal circulation.

PMID- 3694535
TI  - Effect of parathyroid hormone on gentamicin plasma membrane binding and tissue
      accumulation.
AB  - Reportedly, the initiating event in the renal uptake of gentamicin is its binding
      to anionic, plasma membrane phospholipids. Because parathyroid hormone is known
      to affect phospholipid metabolism, the plasma membrane binding and tissue
      accumulation of gentamicin were examined as a function of the parathyroid hormone
      status of the animal. The experiments were conducted by evaluating the parameters
      in isolated brush border and basolateral membranes from control, hyper- and
      hypoparathyroid rats. Scatchard analysis revealed that [125I]gentamicin bound
      with equal affinity to either membrane to a single class of noninteracting sites.
      The basolateral membrane had more binding sites than did the brush border, 28 +/-
      0.5 vs. 1.8 +/- 0.3 nmol/mg of protein, respectively. Neither the affinity
      constants nor the number of binding sites were affected by the parathyroid
      hormone status of the donor animal. On the other hand, in the hypoparathyroid
      state the amount and the rate of gentamicin accumulation were less than in the
      hyperparathyroid state. The difference in accumulation cannot be explained on the
      basis of a change in the number or affinity of the putative receptor. Therefore,
      the alteration must reflect some difference subsequent to the binding site.

PMID- 3694536
TI  - Effect of a fibrin-derived vasoactive peptide on pulmonary angiotensin converting
      enzyme activity and on pressure responses to bradykinin.
AB  - Decreased angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity is a common finding in
      patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome and in animal models of lung
      injury. The nature of this effect is unknown. Intravascular fibrin, also a common
      finding in lung injury, is degraded to small peptides by proteolytic enzymes.
      Peptide 6A, corresponding to amino acid residues 43 to 47 of the B beta chain of
      fibrin(ogen), is produced by plasmin degradation of fibrin and has been shown to
      inhibit ACE in vitro. We investigated the effect of this peptide on the pulmonary
      hydrolysis of a synthetic ACE substrate, benzoyl-phenylalanyl-alanyl-proline, in
      anesthetized rabbits and in isolated, perfused rabbit lungs. Peptide 6A caused a
      reversible, dose-dependent inhibition of benzoyl-phenylalanyl-alanyl-proline
      hydrolysis. It also potentiated the increase in pulmonary arterial pressure and
      the decrease in systemic arterial pressure due to bradykinin (BK), as well as the
      increase in pulmonary artery pressure due to BK in isolated lungs. The amount of
      BK needed to increase pulmonary arterial pressure was about 1000-fold larger in
      the isolated lung than in the intact animal. Peptides of this type might
      contribute to decreased ACE activity in patients with adult respiratory distress
      syndrome and may potentiate BK-mediated hemodynamic changes in these patients.

PMID- 3694537
TI  - Local parasympathetic mechanisms for ragweed-sensitized canine trachealis
      hyperresponsiveness.
AB  - Previous studies from our laboratory showed an atropine-sensitive component in
      the hyperresponsiveness of ragweed-sensitized canine tracheal smooth muscle (TSM)
      in vitro to histamine and potassium. The present studies were undertaken to
      elucidate the nature of the parasympathetic element in this hyperresponsiveness.
      TSM strips were dissected from ragweed-sensitized and littermate control dogs and
      their isometric force generation was measured in vitro. Mechanical responses of
      sensitized TSM were characterized by hyperreactivity (upward shift of the dose
      response relationship) to acetylcholine (ACh), atropine-sensitive spontaneous
      base line activity and prolonged isometric force plateaus. Control TSM did not
      contract spontaneously and basal tone was maintained passively. However, eserine
      could produce spontaneous base-line activity and prolonged isometric force
      plateau in control TSM that mimicked that observed naturally in sensitized TSM.
      Sensitized TSM was supersensitive (leftward shift of the dose-response
      relationship) to ACh and electrical field stimulation, and showed a significant
      leftward shift of the threshold dose to carbamylcholine (carbachol). However,
      sensitized and control TSMs were equally reactive to carbachol at doses of 10(-8)
      M and greater. Also, ACh dose-response curves of sensitized and control TSMs in
      the presence of the cholinesterase inhibitor eserine (10(-8) M) showed no
      significant differences in sensitivity or reactivity. These results were
      consistent with a role for local parasympathetic mechanisms such as altered ACh
      release and/or breakdown in the hyperresponsiveness of ragweed-sensitized canine
      TSM.

PMID- 3694538
TI  - Toluene, halothane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and oxazepam produce ethanol-like
      discriminative stimulus effects in mice.
AB  - Drug discrimination procedures were used to compare the discriminative stimulus
      properties of ETOH and volatile inhalants. Mice were trained to discriminate
      between i.p. injections of ETOH (1 g/kg) and saline in a two-lever operant task.
      Stimulus generalization was examined after 20-min inhalation exposures to toluene
      (300-5400 ppm), halothane (500-8000 ppm) and 1,1,1,-trichloroethane (TCE; 125
      14000 ppm). Oxazepam (10-30 mg/kg i.p.) also was tested. Concentration- or dose
      related increases in ETOH-lever responding were observed with toluene, halothane,
      TCE and oxazepam. Shared discriminative stimulus properties among toluene,
      halothane, TCE and ETOH indicate that some volatile inhalants share
      pharmacological properties with ETOH. Previous research has shown that these
      inhalants also produce pentobarbital-like discriminative stimulus effects in
      mice. Thus, at least some inhaled anesthetics and abused solvents have behavioral
      effects in common with abused central nervous system depressant drugs such as
      ETOH and barbiturates.

PMID- 3694539
TI  - Theophylline distribution kinetics analyzed by reference to simultaneously
      injected urea and inulin.
AB  - Theophylline distribution kinetics were studied after i.v. injection in five
      anesthetized dogs. [14C]Urea and inulin were injected simultaneously as reference
      compounds to measure body fluid spaces and to calculate compartmental blood flows
      and permeability coefficient-surface area products for transcapillary exchange.
      The distribution of all three compounds was modeled with three-compartment
      systems in which the central compartment corresponds to intravascular space. The
      total volume of theophylline distribution averaged 0.72 +/- 0.09 liters/kg (+/-
      S.D.), indicating net tissue binding as reflected in a tissue/intracellular water
      partition coefficient of 1.17 +/- 0.10. Cardiac output measurements averaged 4.78
      +/- 0.95 liters/min and were similar to the sum of compartmental blood flows
      estimated from the intercompartmental clearances of urea and inulin (4.62 +/-
      1.10 liters/min) and to the sum of theophylline intercompartmental clearances
      (5.10 +/- 1.29 liters/min). Theophylline intercompartmental clearance to each
      peripheral compartment was faster than expected from its free-water diffusion
      coefficient and was similar to estimated compartmental blood flow. It is possible
      that theophylline transcapillary exchange is carrier mediated and that its
      rapidity contributes to the frequency of adverse reactions after i.v.
      administration of this drug.

PMID- 3694540
TI  - Lorazepam and meprobamate dose effects in humans: behavioral effects and abuse
      liability.
AB  - On a residential research ward, the acute effects of placebo, lorazepam (LZ) (1.5
      9.0 mg) and meprobamate (MEP) (600-3600 mg) were examined using a within-subject
      double-blind Latin Square design in nine male subjects with histories of drug
      abuse. Drug effects were assessed with objective performance tasks, subject
      estimates of performance, staff ratings of drug effects and subject ratings of
      drug effects, sleep, mood, drug liking and monetary street value. Generally, both
      LZ and MEP produced comparable dose-related effects; LZ had a more rapid onset of
      action and on several measures showed a more shallow dose-response curve than
      MEP. With LZ, but not MEP, subjects under-estimated the degree to which their
      performance was impaired and under-rated drug effects as compared to analogous
      staff ratings. Both drugs produced sedation-like subject ratings of mood and
      sleep but generally did not produce tranquilization-like ratings. MEP produced
      subject ratings of drug liking and monetary street value which were equal to or
      in some cases greater than those of LZ. Relative potency estimations showed that
      LZ was 510 to 783 times more potent than MEP in producing performance impairment
      but was only 370 times more potent than MEP in producing subject ratings of drug
      liking. Overall, these data indicate that the likelihood of abuse of MEP is at
      least equal to if not greater than that of LZ although LZ may have a greater
      likelihood of producing adverse behavioral effects such as a performance
      impairment and under-estimates of the degree of impairment. These data in
      conjunction with previous results from this laboratory show that the behavioral
      effects of benzodiazepines can be differentiated from those of other types of
      sedative/anxiolytics and that MEP displays characteristics of a barbiturate-like
      profile of action.

PMID- 3694541
TI  - Different patterns of changes in soleus muscle potentials induced by repetitive
      stimulation between two age-groups of rats.

PMID- 3694542
TI  - [The concept of death in educational physiology].

PMID- 3694543
TI  - Arterial blood gases: a simple method for interpretation.

PMID- 3694544
TI  - Anxiety levels in female surgical patients.

PMID- 3694545
TI  - Application of nursing diagnosis to the PAR scoring system.

PMID- 3694546
TI  - Quality assurance in your outpatient discharge.

PMID- 3694547
TI  - Practical points for transfusion therapy.

PMID- 3694548
TI  - Same day surgery centers: landmines or goldmines?

PMID- 3694549
TI  - The importance of respiratory assessment.

PMID- 3694552
TI  - Hemodynamic waveform analysis: Part I.

PMID- 3694553
TI  - The art of studying.

PMID- 3694550
TI  - Power and politics: part of the work.

PMID- 3694555
TI  - Experimental studies on thallium toxicity in rats. I--Localization and
      elimination of thallium after oral acute and sub-acute intoxication.

PMID- 3694554
TI  - [A program for biexponential decreases].

PMID- 3694557
TI  - [Clinical and biological course of acute oral poisoning by arsenic anhydride with
      considerations on therapeutic approach].

PMID- 3694551
TI  - Research recipe: all the right ingredients.

PMID- 3694556
TI  - [Actions of essential oils of rosemary and certain of its constituents
      (eucalyptol and camphor) on the cerebral cortex of the rat in vitro].

PMID- 3694558
TI  - [Drug dependence with paradoxical effects of flunitrazepam. Apropos of a case
      study].

PMID- 3694559
TI  - The nurse in a methadone maintenance clinic. Revisited.

PMID- 3694560
TI  - Therapy with the noninvolved client.

PMID- 3694561
TI  - Realizing empathy in loss.

PMID- 3694562
TI  - Nursing management of anorexic adolescents.

PMID- 3694563
TI  - Nursing support group.

PMID- 3694564
TI  - Spiritual caregivers.

PMID- 3694565
TI  - Seclusion.

PMID- 3694566
TI  - Tritium retention in the femoral bone marrow and spleens of mice receiving single
      intravenous injections of tritiated water and tritiated thymidine.

PMID- 3694567
TI  - Induction of non-repairable DNA strand breaks by N-ion beams.

PMID- 3694568
TI  - The measurement of practice.

PMID- 3694569
TI  - Coffee and coronary disease.

PMID- 3694570
TI  - The objective structured clinical examination for general practice: design,
      validity and reliability.
AB  - This paper describes and analyses an experimental clinical examination for
      general practice. Differences in the results obtained by fourth year students,
      fifth year students and trainee general practitioners highlight some of the
      dilemmas of medical education. It is concluded that examinations which include
      clinical tests can increase the credibility of general practice examinations, can
      be reliably applied to small groups of candidates and therefore have considerable
      potential for formative assessment. The constraints of assuring inter-examiner
      reliability in a multicentre design, together with its labour intensive nature,
      would however make this type of examination difficult to adapt to the needs of
      national end-of-training examinations.

PMID- 3694571
TI  - A nurse practitioner in general practice: working style and pattern of
      consultations.
AB  - The work of a specially trained nurse practitioner, to whom patients had open
      access, was studied in an inner city general practice over a period of six months
      in 1983. A total of 858 patients of all ages and ethnic origins sought
      consultations for 979 problems. Morbidity from every diagnostic group was
      presented but the majority of the problems (60.4%) fell into the 'Supplementary'
      group: preventive medicine; health instruction and education; social, marital and
      family problems; administrative procedures. The consultation room setting and the
      long appointment times available (20 minutes) may partly account for this.
      Additional problems, mostly concerning health education, were raised in 46.0% of
      consultations. Most patients chose a consultation with the nurse practitioner
      appropriately and in more than one-third of all consultations the nurse managed
      the presenting problem without further referral for investigation, prescription
      or other medical advice. It is concluded that nurses have a much larger and more
      autonomous part to play in the care of patients than hitherto.

PMID- 3694572
TI  - Interprofessional collaboration in primary health care.
AB  - A study of interprofessional collaboration involving 148 general practitioner and
      district nurse pairs and 161 general practitioner and health visitor pairs was
      undertaken in 20 health districts throughout England in 1982-83. Data were
      collected using personal interviews and a prospective record of referrals and
      consultations. The ratings of collaboration recorded showed that only 27% of
      general practitioner-district nurse pairs and 11% of general practitioner-health
      visitor pairs were working in partial or full collaboration. Structural
      arrangements such as attachment, the number of general practitioners that
      community nurses work with, and working from the same building were found to be
      strongly associated with collaboration.

PMID- 3694573
TI  - Study of written communication between general practitioners and departments of
      child psychiatry.
AB  - Previous studies have pointed to the general dissatisfaction with written
      communication between general practitioners and medical specialists, in terms of
      quality and usefulness to both groups. This study examined the letters of
      referral from general practitioners to two child psychiatry departments and the
      replies of the psychiatric staff, and looked at the information exchanged in the
      light of the needs of both groups. It was concluded that the requirements of both
      psychiatric staff and general practitioners were being met to a limited extent,
      but that there was room for improvementon both sides.

PMID- 3694575
TI  - Medical support by a team of doctors to offshore paramedics.
AB  - The experience of one team of doctors supporting offshore paramedics in the North
      Sea is described. During 1985 all cases for which radio advice from a doctor was
      sought by offshore paramedics and all cases referred for examination by a doctor
      were analysed. Of the 743 cases 528 (71%) were referred for examination by a
      doctor and for 215 (29%) the offshore paramedics sought radio advice only. Injury
      formed the largest category of disorder for both groups of cases. The majority of
      patients referred for examination were seen in the doctor's surgery and following
      examination over half were cared for at home by their own general practitioner.

PMID- 3694574
TI  - Hidden psychiatric illness: use of the general health questionnaire in general
      practice.
AB  - A 10% random sample comprising 234 adults attending a general practitioner was
      studied to obtain an estimate of conspicuous and hidden psychiatric morbidity and
      to determine the value of the general health questionnaire in improving case
      recognition in general practice. Patients completed the 28-item general health
      questionnaire before seeing the general practitioner, who completed a rating
      sheet without seeing the general health questionnaire score. The doctor
      identified a psychiatric component in 38% of men and 53% of women and diagnosed
      psychiatric disorder in 22% of men and 31% of women. Using a cut off point of
      nine or above, high general health questionnaire scores were found in 25% of men
      and 29% of women. Agreement between the general health questionnaire and the
      doctor's assessment was better for males (misclassification rate 16%) than for
      females (20%). A subsample of patients scoring over the recommended threshold
      (five or above) on the general health questionnaire were interviewed by the
      psychiatrist to compare the case detection of the general practitioner, an
      independent psychiatric assessment and the 28-item general health questionnaire
      at two different cut-off scores. The general health questionnaire may be a useful
      tool for improving recognition of psychiatric morbidity in general practice if
      the cut-off point is raised above that recommended for epidemiological research.

PMID- 3694576
TI  - Use of an open-access gastroscopy service by a general practice: findings and
      subsequent specialist referral rate.
AB  - An analysis of 102 open-access gastroscopy requests from one general practice
      over 38 months showed that the detection rate of abnormalities was 58%. Even
      though no predetermined investigation criteria were used these results compare
      favourably with gastroscopy findings generally and are superior to the detection
      rate of lesions using barium meals. Only 12% of the patients who underwent
      gastroscopy required subsequent referral to a consultant. This represents a major
      benefit, hitherto undocumented, of an open-access gastroscopy service.
      Considerations of accuracy, safety and cost effectiveness coupled with the
      availability of efficacious drugs appear to favour the case for open-access
      gastroscopy for general practitioners.

PMID- 3694577
TI  - Study of the prevalence of atrial fibrillation in general practice patients over
      65 years of age.

PMID- 3694578
TI  - A community rehabilitation unit for the elderly.

PMID- 3694579
TI  - Unexpected problems raised in prevention clinics.

PMID- 3694580
TI  - Consultation length.

PMID- 3694581
TI  - Parents attitudes to measles immunization.

PMID- 3694582
TI  - The executive partner.

PMID- 3694583
TI  - Physiotherapy in the community.

PMID- 3694584
TI  - What is the cost of a prescription?

PMID- 3694585
TI  - Harvard Davis lecture 1986. General practice and the unity of clinical medicine.

PMID- 3694586
TI  - Linking professional and self-help resources for anxiety management: a community
      project.
AB  - The first two years of an anxiety management project involving close liaison
      between general practitioners, clinical psychologists and a self-help group is
      described. The apparent benefits of this programme to clients in terms of prompt
      delivery of service and symptom and medication reduction are discussed. In the
      light of this a model that combines the benefits of the self-help movement with
      an appropriate level of professional support is advocated as a viable referral
      option for the large number of patients with anxiety related problems that
      present to general practitioners.

PMID- 3694587
TI  - Sociocultural differences in patients' expectations at consultations for upper
      respiratory tract infection.
AB  - Among 214 patients consulting their general practitioner with upper respiratory
      tract infection, differences in expectation were apparent between Whites, Afro
      Caribbeans and Asians. Significantly more Asians (84%) wanted prescriptions for
      antibiotics and/or other medication than did Afro-Caribbeans (72%) or Whites
      (47%) (P<O.001). There were no significant differences in terms of what was
      received but Asians tended to be dissatisfied with the outcome of the
      consultation. Self-medication before consultation was attempted by 82% of
      patients; 48% took two or more preparations. Afro-Caribbeans had taken
      significantly more preparations per person than other groups (P<0.05).
      Sociocultural factors may influence patients' expectations at consultations for
      upper respiratory tract infection.

PMID- 3694588
TI  - Minimum data set necessary to promote the care of the elderly in general
      practice.
AB  - A preliminary data set was designed to allow uniform information collection, to
      initiate structured intervention and thereby to promote anticipatory care of the
      elderly. A questionnaire inviting comment on the data set was sent to 116 general
      practitioners in training practices and 40 consultants in geriatric medicine in
      the northern region and also to the 18 professors in general practice in the
      United Kingdom. The response rates from the three groups were 76%, 55% and 67%
      respectively.There was good agreement between the three groups regarding the
      content of the data set suggesting that it may be possible to introduce uniform
      information collection which in turn would standardize records of the elderly and
      aid computerization.The need for periodic screening of the elderly was considered
      necessary by 37% of general practitioners, 59% of consultants and 33% of
      professors. The cause of such low interest in screening and its effect on
      computerized care and surveillance of the elderly are discussed.

PMID- 3694589
TI  - Evaluation of psychological treatment in primary care.
AB  - As clinical psychology services to primary care have grown considerably in recent
      years, several papers have examined the impact of such services. Benefits to
      patients following contact with the psychologist have been described, but the few
      studies which have used control groups have -not shown long-lasting effects.
      However, assessing the global effects of psychological treatment creates several
      methodological problems, and many of the studies have serious shortcomings in
      their use of sampling procedures and dependent measures. Clear results are
      unlikely to emerge from such studies because psychological treatment is not a
      single entity but encompasses a number of interventions for different types of
      problem. A more differentiated approach to evaluation is needed to assess the
      effectiveness of psychological treatment services in primary care.

PMID- 3694591
TI  - Drug information and the general practitioner.

PMID- 3694590
TI  - Primary care, community medicine and prevention: a convergence of needs.
AB  - Both general practitioners and community physicians practise a range of
      activities along a spectrum from health care to prevention, but increasingly they
      have come to regard preventive medicine as the key to their respective future
      roles. This convergence of goals is deceptive because the primary care model of
      prevention is individual-oriented while that of community medicine is population
      oriented. Since an effective preventive strategy is likely to require the use of
      both these approaches, community physicians and general practitioners should
      acknowledge the complementary nature of their skills and work towards the
      integration of their preventive efforts.

PMID- 3694592
TI  - General practitioners and alternative medicine.

PMID- 3694593
TI  - Cytotoxic activity and phenotypic analysis of natural killer cells in early
      normal human pregnancy.
AB  - Peripheral blood lymphocytes taken from healthy women planning a pregnancy and
      then at various intervals up to the 16th week of pregnancy were assayed for
      natural killer (NK) cell activity against K562 target cells both in a 51Cr
      release assay and in a single cell cytotoxicity assay. Results indicated a
      depression in NK activity from the earliest stages of pregnancy. The target
      binding capacity of the effector cells remained unimpaired up to 16 weeks, but a
      significant reduction in the post-binding lytic potential was observed, which
      parallelled the drop in cytotoxicity as assayed by the 51Cr-release method. The
      ability of individual effector cells to recycle and kill multiple targets
      remained essentially unimpaired. Analysis of lymphocyte subpopulations using the
      monoclonal antibodies anti-Leu-7 and anti-Leu-11b, which recognize NK cell
      associated antigens, showed a significant reduction in the proportion of the
      mature, lytically active Leu-7-11+ cells capable of both binding and lysing K562
      target cells. The suggestion that the depression in cytotoxicity may be
      associated with the reduction in the Leu-7-11+ subpopulation is supported by the
      high correlation levels observed between the proportion of Leu-7-11+ cells and
      target cell lysis.

PMID- 3694594
TI  - Port wine stains.

PMID- 3694595
TI  - Another opportunity to improve epilepsy services should not be lost.

PMID- 3694596
TI  - Reflex sympathetic dystrophy.

PMID- 3694597
TI  - Dental hospitals and schools: planning for the future.

PMID- 3694598
TI  - Undergraduate clinical neurosciences programme development: a consumer-based
      evaluation.
AB  - Intern responses to a questionnaire were used to evaluate an undergraduate
      clinical neurosciences programme. The data obtained were judged an authentic
      measure of instructional efficacy. Most interns rated themselves competent in
      performing the neurological examination but ill-equipped to interpret their
      findings and to manage effectively common problems, especially emergencies.
      Neurological diseases and the non-biomedical aspects of patient care were
      identified relatively infrequently as matters needing greater emphasis.
      Explanations for these findings may include a curriculum of traditional format,
      differences in teaching and assessing theoretical and practical competence, and
      the typical responsibilities of interns in an academic hospital. Intern
      evaluation of undergraduate clinical programmes can provide data useful to their
      development.

PMID- 3694599
TI  - Undergraduate urology teaching: results of a pre-examination revision quiz.
AB  - A 'revision quiz' using some 20 projected photographic slides and a structured
      open-ended answer sheet was administered to, and marked for, 75 Final MB
      candidates and 7 Final FRCS candidates at Bristol. Despite only a modest exposure
      to specialist urological teaching, the undergraduates were judged to have
      achieved an acceptable level of performance in most areas except for treatment of
      urinary infections. The performance of the senior house officers was not better
      than that of the undergraduates. Nearly all candidates in both groups undermarked
      their own scripts compared to the marks given by their teachers, thus fuelling,
      perhaps needlessly, their anxieties about examinations.

PMID- 3694600
TI  - Anticoagulation control with warfarin by junior hospital doctors.
AB  - Anticoagulation control in hospital inpatients was monitored in a prospective
      study. Only 47% of the blood results were within the therapeutic range which is
      presently recommended.

PMID- 3694602
TI  - The process of popularization--rewriting medical research papers for the layman:
      discussion paper.

PMID- 3694601
TI  - Cardiac Munchausen's syndrome.
AB  - Ten years' experience of cardiac Munchausen's syndrome in the Cardiac Care Unit
      of an Inner London teaching hospital is reported. Thirty-six admissions in this
      category were identified and analysed, and 4 typical cases are described. The
      common presenting complaints, recurring features and the relationship with other
      forms of Munchausen's syndrome are discussed, as are possible strategies
      available to deal with this clinical entity.

PMID- 3694603
TI  - Perianal pain and swelling due to a pre-coccygeal tumour.

PMID- 3694604
TI  - Use of intravenous immunoglobulin in severe refractory idiopathic immune
      thrombocytopenia.

PMID- 3694605
TI  - Tenosynovitis.

PMID- 3694606
TI  - Orbital infection and sinusitis.

PMID- 3694607
TI  - Hypertension and dietary fat intake.

PMID- 3694608
TI  - Hyperthyroidism in the elderly.

PMID- 3694609
TI  - Breast cancer screening.

PMID- 3694610
TI  - Mushrooms and the lung.

PMID- 3694611
TI  - The politics of occupational medicine.

PMID- 3694612
TI  - Mushroom compost worker's lung.
AB  - This study draws attention to difficulties in the diagnosis and the understanding
      of the mechanism of action of mushroom compost worker's lung. Descriptions are
      given of 4 workers in one factory who developed acute respiratory failure within
      a 6-month period; 13 others who were unaffected were also studied. Serological
      investigation appears to be largely unhelpful, and the evidence against the
      condition being included amongst the extrinsic allergic alveolitides is
      discussed. A detailed clinical and occupational history is essential for
      diagnosis.

PMID- 3694613
TI  - Effects of danazol on mineral homeostasis in normal postmenopausal women:
      preliminary communication.
AB  - The effects of danazol on calcium homeostasis in normal postmenopausal women was
      examined in a 14-day study utilizing a dosage of 800 mg per day. Danazol caused
      significant falls in plasma ionized calcium and in the fasting urinary
      calcium/creatinine ratio, indicating inhibition of bone resorption. Retention of
      phosphate was also observed as expected with this anabolic agent. The plasma
      total alkaline phosphatase was also depressed by the drug, which had no effect on
      hepatocellular function as measured by plasma AST. Certain effects induced by
      treatment with danazol were still apparent two weeks after cessation of
      treatment. The drug was well tolerated and androgenic side effects were not seen.
      It is suggested that the minimal dose regimen of danazol which exerts a calcium
      sharing effect should be identified, and that this regimen should be considered
      for use in a prospective study of the effects of danazol on bone mineral content
      in the postmenopause.

PMID- 3694614
TI  - Passive smoking, potential atopy and asthma in the first five years.
AB  - Evidence of prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke was sought in a group of 86
      children aged five years and under with moderately severe asthma, and in 1199
      infants from a mixed background population of Armed Service and civilian
      families. Asthmatics with a normal serum IgE (less than +1 s.d. for age) made up
      almost half of the cases and, compared with those with an elevated serum IgE (+1
      s.d. for age or more), a greater proportion were male, had experienced prolonged
      exposure to cigarette smoke, were from Service families and already had fixed
      chest deformity. It is suggested that, in addition to facilitating the expression
      of asthma in young potential atopics, passive smoking may be an important
      contributory cause of the more severe disease reported in the so-called
      'intrinsic' group. Perhaps the burden of illness and the extent of exposure noted
      in this survey will prompt renewed efforts to be made to discourage smoking in
      families, particularly two years before and for at least five years after the
      birth of a child.

PMID- 3694615
TI  - Gastrointestinal disease amongst Polish migrants in Nottingham.
AB  - The main Polish migrations to Britain were in the 1940s and many families have
      retained a traditional diet. People of Polish origin living in Nottingham were
      interviewed and the frequency of gastrointestinal disease assessed. Gallstones
      were less common in English people and Polish migrants than in Poland.
      Appendicitis and haemorrhoids were commoner in Polish migrants that amongst
      people in Poland.

PMID- 3694616
TI  - Phenylephrine-induced reversible cataract in the mouse.
AB  - Topical 10% phenylephrine will produce lens opacities in several strains of
      mouse. These lens opacities resolve spontaneously within 24 hours, leaving an
      apparently normal eye. Phenylephrine-induced lens opacification in the mouse can
      be prevented by covering the eye with ointment, suggesting that the underlying
      mechanism is transcorneal dehydration.

PMID- 3694617
TI  - Erythema chronicum migrans.

PMID- 3694618
TI  - Localization of hypothalamic tumour with nuclear magnetic resonance scanning.

PMID- 3694619
TI  - Drug overdose--a hidden hazard of obesity.

PMID- 3694620
TI  - Hypoparathyroidism and Addison's disease: a potentially lethal combination.

PMID- 3694621
TI  - AIDS: origin, transmission and moral dilemmas.

PMID- 3694622
TI  - Hyperventilation syndromes in medicine and psychiatry.

PMID- 3694623
TI  - Insecticidal resistance of Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Japan:
      genetics and mechanisms of resistance to organophosphorus insecticides.

PMID- 3694624
TI  - Insecticidal resistance of Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Japan:
      a country-wide survey of resistance to insecticides.

PMID- 3694625
TI  - Brain cell karyotypes of six species of New and Old World sand flies (Diptera:
      Psychodidae).

PMID- 3694626
TI  - Effects of infection with Dirofilaria immitis on diuresis and oocyte development
      in Aedes taeniorhynchus and Anopheles quadrimaculatus (Diptera: Culicidae).

PMID- 3694627
TI  - Abnormal salivary gland puff associated with meiotic drive in mosquitoes
      (Diptera: Culicidae).

PMID- 3694629
TI  - Preferential accumulation of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae
      in response to adenine nucleotides and derivatives.

PMID- 3694628
TI  - Absence of assembly pheromones in the hard ticks Dermacentor variabilis and
      Dermacentor andersoni (Acari: Ixodidae).

PMID- 3694631
TI  - Comparison of populations of the Rhipicephalus simus group: R. simus, R.
      praetextatus, and R. muhsamae (Acari: Ixodidae).

PMID- 3694630
TI  - New species and records of phlebotomine sand flies from Colombia (Diptera:
      Psychodidae).

PMID- 3694632
TI  - Field observations on the life cycle of Ixodes baergi and some seasonal and daily
      activity cycles of Oeciacus vicarius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), Argas cooleyi
      (Acari: Argasidae), and Ixodes baergi (Acari: Ixodidae).

PMID- 3694634
TI  - Influence of developing Dirofilaria immitis on the spontaneous flight activity of
      Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae).

PMID- 3694635
TI  - Quantitation of the blood meal ingested by Culicoides arakawae (Diptera:
      Ceratopogonidae).

PMID- 3694633
TI  - Techniques for inducing oviposition in Simulium vittatum (Diptera: Simuliidae)
      and for rearing sibling cohorts of simuliids.

PMID- 3694636
TI  - Surgical intervention in dementia.

PMID- 3694637
TI  - Fertilisation and moral status: a scientific perspective.
AB  - The debate about the moral status of the embryo has gained new impetus because of
      the advances in reproductive technology that have made early human embryo
      experimentation a possibility, and because of the public concern that this
      arouses. Several philosophical arguments claiming that fertilisation is the event
      that accords moral status to the embryo were initially formulated in the context
      of the abortion debate. Were they formulated with sufficient precision to account
      for the scientific facts as we now understand them? Or do these arguments need
      modification? Aspects of three arguments for moral status being acquired at
      fertilisation are examined in relation to current scientific knowledge,
      highlighting the reasons why such arguments, at present, seem to provide an
      inadequate basis for the determination of moral status.

PMID- 3694638
TI  - Ethical considerations concerning computers in medicine in the 1980s.
AB  - The advent of information technology and computers in medicine two decades ago
      posed a new set of ethical problems. In recent years, these problems have been
      compounded by the increasing use of computers for supporting clinical decisions
      as well as administration and record keeping. This presentation considers some of
      the problems which are raised by the use of computers to support clinical
      decisions, under the various headings of beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy
      and justice. For each aspect the problems raised are described and the
      implications discussed.

PMID- 3694639
TI  - Surgery to quieten the yelling of a demented old man.
AB  - The 84-year-old man's incessant yelling caused him to be unmanageable in all
      settings--at home with his aged wife, in nursing homes, and on the medical and
      psychiatric floors of a Veterans Administration Medical Center. A host of
      behavioural and pharmaceutical interventions were attempted unsuccessfully.
      Finally, it was proposed that a single, recurrent laryngeal nerve be crushed in
      order to 'render his voice to be a very acceptable soft tone'.

PMID- 3694640
TI  - Surgery to quieten the yelling of a demented old man.

PMID- 3694641
TI  - Exoneration of the mentally ill.
AB  - Mental illness may be manifested in the impairment of understanding or of
      volitional control. Impairment of understanding may be manifested in delusions.
      Impairment of volitional control is shown when a person is unable to act in
      accordance with good reasons that he himself accepts. In order for an impairment
      of understanding or of self-control to exculpate, the offence must be causally
      connected with the impairment in question. The rationale of exculpation in
      general, which applies also to the case of mental illness, is that the offence
      does not indicate a morally bad attitude in the offender. A consequence of this
      rationale is that Kenny is wrong to hold that no injustice would result from the
      elimination of the legal defence of diminished responsibility.

PMID- 3694643
TI  - On sterilising severely mentally handicapped people.

PMID- 3694642
TI  - Exoneration of the mentally ill.

PMID- 3694644
TI  - Quality of life measurement.

PMID- 3694645
TI  - Editorial--health education and health promotion.

PMID- 3694646
TI  - Teaching medical ethics.

PMID- 3694647
TI  - Technology transfer--partnership in innovation. Conference, 27-28 May 1987,
      Uxbridge, England. Proceedings.

PMID- 3694648
TI  - Industry--an NHS perspective.

PMID- 3694650
TI  - Picking winners.

PMID- 3694649
TI  - Innovation--the risks, costs and rewards.

PMID- 3694651
TI  - The protection racket.

PMID- 3694652
TI  - Government support for R & D in the medical field.

PMID- 3694653
TI  - Into the market-place with the British Technology Group.

PMID- 3694654
TI  - A British Technology Group success story.

PMID- 3694655
TI  - Technology transfer--the role of venture capital.
AB  - In summary, let me say that the transfer of technology can be managed
      successfully. In the context of 3i as a whole, we have supported 1600 start-ups
      in the last five years although, obviously, not necessarily in high-tech
      industries. In 1987 3i Ventures fully expects to invest a further few million
      pounds in either start-ups or pre-stock market companies within the health-care
      and biotechnology sectors. It requires that everyone involved, including the
      venture capitalist, fulfils their role with commitment. It can be a difficult and
      lengthy process, but it can also be fun and very rewarding.

PMID- 3694656
TI  - Medical technology transfer: politicians' dream--scientists' nightmare.

PMID- 3694657
TI  - The commercialization of an intravascular oxygen sensor.

PMID- 3694658
TI  - Prevention of airborne infection in operating rooms.

PMID- 3694659
TI  - Partnership success.

PMID- 3694660
TI  - Technology transfer--partnership in innovation: discussion.

PMID- 3694661
TI  - Isolation and selection of a bacteriophage-typing set for Enterobacter cloacae.
AB  - Seventy-six phages active against Enterobacter cloacae were isolated from sewage
      and other sources. They were tested at RTD on 92 selected strains of E. cloacae
      and their lytic reactions were used to select phages for a typing set. Numerical
      analysis by the Jaccard coefficient was used to assess the similarity between the
      phages. A computer-based test selection procedure selected sub-sets of phages to
      discriminate between all 92 E. cloacae strains and within the most frequent
      serological groups. A subjective analysis of the candidate phages based on
      similarity, clarity of plaque and frequency of lysis was combined with the
      computer selected sub-sets to produce a final set of 25 phages that gave a good
      theoretical discrimination of clinical isolates of E. cloacae.

PMID- 3694662
TI  - Evaluation of a bacteriophage-typing scheme for Enterobacter cloacae.
AB  - A set of 25 Enterobacter cloacae typing phages was evaluated. Of 384 test
      strains, 93.8% were lysed by at least one phage; the mean number of
      reactions/strain was 7.3. Discrimination between strains was satisfactory within
      the most frequent O serotypes; 0.9 patterns/strain were found for strains of
      serotypes O3 and O8. Overall, 325 patterns were found. Phage patterns were
      completely reproducible when duplicates of strains were typed on the same day,
      but only 40% reproducible when repeated after 18 months. The combination of O
      serology and phage typing discriminated well between hospital isolates.

PMID- 3694663
TI  - Serotypes of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from patients attending a diarrhoeal
      disease hospital in urban Bangladesh.
AB  - The serotypes of strains of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from patients attending
      the International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B),
      Dhaka, and from animals were ascertained by Penner and Hennessy's (1980)
      serotyping scheme. Of 102 isolates from man, 74% were typable and serotypes 53,
      15 and 22 predominated. Of 26 isolates from animals, 65% were typable and
      serotypes 15 and 53 occurred frequently. The diarrhoeal illnesses associated with
      different serotypes were similar. In one-third of cases other enteropathogens
      were present. C. jejuni was isolated from 7% of patients tested in a 4% sampling
      system during 1983, and the prevalent serotypes appeared in most months. It is
      concluded that C. jejuni is a common enteropathogen in Bangladesh, that a few
      serotypes predominate among isolates from both man and animals, and that serotype
      does not determine clinical symptoms.

PMID- 3694664
TI  - Response of Campylobacter pyloridis to antibiotics, bismuth and an acid-reducing
      agent in vitro--an ultrastructural study.
AB  - Campylobacter pyloridis was cultured for maximal growth in liquid medium, and
      effects of exposure to various beta-lactam and macrolide antibiotics,
      metronidazole, tripotassium dicitrato bismuthane (TDB) and cimetidine were
      monitored by transmission electronmicroscopy after periods of exposure up to 24
      h. With amoxycillin and benzylpenicillin (0.12-1 mg/L) and cephalexin (2 mg/L)
      the normal bacilliform morphology was replaced by bulging and dumb-bell-like
      profiles showing cell-wall blebbing and vesiculation, and eventually by swollen
      forms with incomplete cell walls undergoing lysis. These changes developed
      progressively between 2 h and 24 h and were accelerated at the higher antibiotic
      concentrations. Erythromycin and clindamycin caused central clearing, ribosomal
      coagulation and impaired cross-wall formation. There were no gross structural
      changes in the presence of metronidazole (4 mg/L), TDB (1000 and 2400 mg/L) or
      cimetidine (1000 and 2000 mg/L); but with TDB focal accumulation of particulate
      bismuth complex was detected under the cell wall, affecting nearly all organisms
      by 24 h. In parallel viability tests, metronidazole and TDB both showed
      bactericidal activity, but cimetidine did not. These findings support the
      clinical experience that favours combination therapy with bismuth plus an
      appropriate systemic antibiotic as the regimen of choice for effective clearance
      of the organisms in C. pyloridis-associated gastritis.

PMID- 3694665
TI  - Surface structure of baboon (Papio anubis) hydrated articular cartilage: study of
      low temperature replicas by transmission electron microscopy.
AB  - Platinum/carbon replicas of the natural articular surfaces of the femoral
      condyles of normal adult baboons (Papio anubis) were made at approximately -130
      degrees C. Washed surfaces displayed arrays of approximately 50-200 nm diameter
      collagen fibers and low parallel ridges approximately 5 micron apart. Untouched
      surfaces were often obscured by a featureless lamina. The ultrastructure of the
      bearing surface of baboon articular cartilage resembles that of quadrupeds such
      as the dog.

PMID- 3694666
TI  - Treatment of nonspecific diarrhea with metronidazole in rhesus macaques.
AB  - Nonspecific diarrhea was successfully treated with metronidazole in 76% (13/17)
      of cases in adult rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Effective treatment was
      achieved by oral administration of metronidazole daily at a low dose of 250 mg
      for at least eight days or at high daily doses of 500-1,500 mg for one to four
      days. Minimal effective total dose was 1500 mg. Apart from occasional vomiting,
      no side effects were observed.

PMID- 3694667
TI  - "Normal" blood pressure in chimpanzees.
AB  - During routine physical examination under ketamine sedation, 140 blood pressure
      measurements from male and 170 from female chimpanzees were derived over a period
      of 3 yr. Statistical analysis revealed generally no differences between the sexes
      but significant increases of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure with
      increasing age. The data obtained may constitute a useful management tool with
      which to identify hypertensive chimpanzees and suggests that this animal species
      could be a model for hypertension research.

PMID- 3694668
TI  - Lactation and interbirth interval in the Senegal galago (Galago senegalensis
      moholi).
AB  - Five years of reproductive data on Galago senegalensis moholi at the Duke
      University Primate Center were examined to determine the effect of lactation on
      interbirth interval and its component phases, postpartum anovulatory interval and
      interval from onset of estrous cycles to conception. Females whose infants died
      within 3 weeks of birth had significantly shorter interbirth intervals and
      postpartum anovulatory intervals than did females who raised their infants until
      weaning.

PMID- 3694669
TI  - Fatal pneumococcal meningitis in a colony-born monkey (Macaca fascicularis).
AB  - This report describes the clinical course and pathological findings in a four
      year-old male cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) which succumbed to
      fulminant pneumococcal meningitis. The extremely rapid course of this infection
      emphasizes the importance of early recognition of the clinical manifestations of
      meningitis in the correct diagnosis and rapid treatment of the condition.

PMID- 3694671
TI  - Static and dynamic components of renal cortical brush border and basolateral
      membrane fluidity: role of cholesterol.
AB  - Static polarization and differential polarized phase fluorimetry studies on rat
      renal cortical brush border (BBM) and basolateral membranes (BLM) were undertaken
      to determine the membrane components responsible for differences in BBM and BLM
      fluidity, whether these differences were due to the order or dynamic components
      of membrane fluidity and if a fluidity gradient existed within the bilayer.
      Surface membrane proteins rigidified both BBM and BLM fluidity. Neutral lipid
      extraction, on the other hand, caused a larger decrease in BBM than BLM
      fluorescence polarization (0.104 vs. 0.60, P less than 0.01) using diphenyl
      hexatriene (DPH). Cholesterol addition to phospholipid fractions restored
      membrane fluidity to total lipid values in both BBM and BLM phospholipids. The
      response to cholesterol in the BBM was biphasic, while the BLM response was
      linear. Lateral mobility, quantitated using dipyrenylpropane, was similar in both
      BBM and BLM fractions at 35 degrees C. BBM and BLM differed primarily in the
      order component of membrane fluidity as DPH-limiting anisotropy (r infinity)
      (0.212 vs. 0.154, P less than 0.01) differed markedly between the two membrane
      fractions. The two membrane components also differed with respect to 2 and 12
      anthroyloxy stearate (2-AS, 12-AS) probes, indicating a difference in the dynamic
      component of membrane fluidity may also be present. DPH and 12-AS probes were
      also used to quantitate inner core membrane fluidity and showed the BBM was less
      fluid than the BLM for intact membranes, total lipid extracts and
      phospholipids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3694670
TI  - Modulation of water and urea transport in human red cells: effects of pH and
      phloretin.
AB  - It has previously been shown by Macey and Farmer (Biochim. Biophys. Acta 211:104
      106, 1970) that phloretin inhibits urea transport across the human red cell
      membrane yet has no effect on water transport. Jennings and Solomon (J. Gen.
      Physiol. 67:381-397, 1976) have shown that there are separate lipid and protein
      binding sites for phloretin on the red cell membrane. We have now found that urea
      transport is inhibited by phloretin binding to the lipids with a KI of 25 +/- 8
      microM in reasonable agreement with the KD of 54 +/- 5 microM for lipid binding.
      These experiments show that lipid/protein interactions can alter the
      conformational state of the urea transport protein. Phloretin binding to the
      protein site also modulates red cell urea transport, but the modulation is
      opposed by the specific stilbene anion transport inhibitor, DIDS (4,4'
      diisothiocyano-2,2'-stilbene disulfonate), suggesting a linkage between the urea
      transport protein and band 3. Neither the lipid nor the protein phloretin binding
      site has any significant effect on water transport. Water transport is, however,
      inhibited by up to 30% in a pH-dependent manner by DIDS binding, which suggests
      that the DIDS/band 3 complex can modulate water transport.

PMID- 3694673
TI  - Maternal mortality in Mississippi: 1981-1986.

PMID- 3694672
TI  - Orthopaedic management of myelomeningocele: specific orthopaedic procedures.

PMID- 3694674
TI  - Radiological seminar CCXLVII: imaging of carpal navicular fractures.

PMID- 3694675
TI  - Dissociation of adenosine triphosphate levels and contractile function in
      isovolumic hearts perfused with 2-deoxyglucose.
AB  - Addition of 2-deoxyglucose (DG, 8 to 13 mM) to a perfusate containing 5 mM
      pyruvate as oxidizable substrate caused gradual decline of contractile function
      of Langendorff-perfused isovolumic rat heart. Simultaneously 31P-NMR spectra
      showed accumulation of 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate (DG-6P) and decrease in
      phosphocreatine (PCr) and ATP contents; inosine appeared in high concentration in
      perfusate leaving heart. Subsequent reperfusion of the heart with DG-free
      solution resulted in the recovery of contractile function and PCr (to 75%), as
      well as in slow decay of DG-6P at unchanged low level of ATP (35%). No
      correlation was found between tissue ATP content and contractile function, when
      expressed as the product of developed pressure and heart rate. In contrast,
      contraction correlated with tissue PCr level at low ATP. These data demonstrate
      that effective contraction of the isovolumic heart is possible at substantially
      decreased level of cytoplasmic ATP. The results of this study are in accord with
      a concept of ATP compartmentation in cardiac cells.

PMID- 3694676
TI  - Hypoplastic heart induced by neonatal hypothalamic lesions in mice.
AB  - To clarify whether the central nervous system has any influence on the growth of
      the heart, the growth patterns of mouse hearts with induced neonatal hypothalamic
      lesions were evaluated based on changes in weight gain, histological findings and
      cell proliferative kinetics. To prepare the mice with hypothalamic lesions, male
      Jcl-ICR strain mice were subcutaneously injected with monosodium L-glutamate
      (MSG), 2 mg/g of body weight, daily for 5 days after birth. Irreversible
      hypothalamic lesions caused by MSG, consisting of degeneration and necrosis of
      preoptic and arcuate nuclei, were histologically confirmed immediately after the
      MSG treatment. In mice with neonatal hypothalamic lesions, the heart was visibly
      smaller and considerably lighter than that in the normal mice throughout the
      growth. Light microscopic studies revealed no degenerative changes; however,
      myocardial cells became apparently hypertrophic in and after adolescence. The
      proliferative activity of the myocardial cells evaluated by mitotic activity and
      DNA synthesizing activity was continuously suppressed throughout the growth.
      These results confirmed that the hearts in the mice with neonatal hypothalamic
      lesions had much smaller numbers of myocardial cells than those in the normal
      mice, were significantly hypoplastic and had large numbers of hypertrophic
      myocardial cells in and after adolescence. This suggested that the hypothalamus
      played an important role in the growth of the heart.

PMID- 3694677
TI  - Two different electrophysiological responses to ryanodine: evidence for two
      populations of muscles isolated from the rabbit right ventricle.
AB  - We have observed that small trabeculae isolated from the rabbit right ventricle
      can be grouped into two populations on the basis of action potential
      configuration and electrophysiological response to ryanodine. These two
      populations have been designated Groups I and II. Action potentials in Group I
      muscles were characterized by a long action potential, a fast early phase of
      repolarization and shortened when exposed to 0.1 microM ryanodine (from 210 +/-
      22 (6) ms (Mean +/- S.E.M. (n)) to 176 +/- 20 (6). Group II muscles showed a
      shorter action potential with a higher plateau phase and was prolonged by 0.1
      microM ryanodine (from 175 +/- 7 (9) ms to 236 +/- 18 (9) ms). No significant
      difference in the mechanical response to ryanodine was observed between the two
      groups. Two populations of muscles, isolated from the rabbit right ventricle,
      have been previously described and distinguished on the basis of the presence or
      absence of transverse (T) tubules. We have attempted to correlate the
      electrophysiological observations with the presence or absence of (T) tubules.
      Electron microscopic examination, however, revealed that T-tubules were clearly
      present in both groups of trabeculae and therefore the two populations cannot be
      distinguished simply on the basis of the presence or absence of T-tubules. It was
      considered possible that the difference in the two populations may be related to
      the existence, and/or predominance, of two transient outward currents (one
      activated by SR Calcium release and the other that is 4-aminopyridine (4-AP)
      sensitive). The relative importance of these two currents to repolarization may
      be different in the two groups. This was investigated by adding ryanodine in the
      presence of 4-AP. The differential response to ryanodine seen in the two groups
      was, however, still observed in the presence of 4-AP. In these experiments, three
      out of seven muscles showed a decrease in action potential duration and four out
      of seven showed an increase. Other possible explanations for the differences in
      the two groups of muscles, and their response to ryanodine, are discussed.

PMID- 3694678
TI  - Interaction between calcium and hydrogen ions in canine coronary arteries.
AB  - In vitro experiments were carried out to study the effects of "respiratory" and
      "metabolic" acid-base alterations on canine coronary arteries precontracted by
      high potassium. Alkalosis (pH 7.70 +/- 0.02) increased the coronary tone by 33 +/
      3% (P less than 0.05) and acidosis (pH 7.10 +/- 0.01) decreased it by 30 +/- 3%
      (P less than 0.05). The tension stabilized in approximately 15 mins and its
      variation was of similar extent whether changes in extracellular pH were produced
      by changes in PCO2 or in bicarbonate concentration. The contractile changes were
      not abolished neither by alpha or beta adrenergic blockade nor by endothelium
      denudation. The effect of pH could not be offset by altering extracellular
      potassium or calcium when the plateau of the relationship between contractility
      of the smooth muscle and concentration of these ions was reached. When tonus
      developed by the strips and [Ca2+]0 were plotted reciprocally, DTmax
      significantly increased in alkalosis and decreased in acidosis. No significant
      changes in Ca50 ([Ca2+]0 necessary to obtain 50% of maximal force) were detected.
      pH changes did not modify Ca2+ influx but a relaxation of similar extent induced
      by nifedipine produced a detectable decrease in Ca2+ influx. Ca2+ efflux was
      augmented in acidosis and depressed in alkalosis. Our data do not support the
      hypothesis of hydrogen ion changes inducing calcium influx alterations in a
      competitive fashion as the mechanism involved to contract or relax conduit
      coronary arteries. On the contrary, they suggest that acid-base variations alter
      the contractile activity of vascular smooth muscle by modulating Ca2+ efflux.

PMID- 3694679
TI  - Highly enriched preparations of cultured myocardial cells for biochemical and
      physiological analyses.
AB  - Cultures of enzyme-dissociated myocardial cells contain myocytes as well as other
      cell types (e.g. fibroblasts); therefore, cell separation is necessary to
      interpret accurately biochemical measurements of substances or physiological
      measurements of processes common to more than one type of cell. Previous methods
      of cell separation have resulted in cultures enriched with, at most, about 80%
      myocytes. In the present study, a monoclonal antibody to cell-surface adhesion
      factors, CSAT, was used to obtain four highly enriched preparations: cultures of
      7-day embryonic chick ventricular cells that contained either 99.1 +/- 0.2% (n =
      10) myocytes or 96.5 +/- 0.8% (n = 6) fibroblasts; and cultures of 17-day chick
      cells that contained 99.1 +/- 0.2% (n = 11) myocytes or 92.5 +/- 0.8% (n = 8)
      fibroblasts. Following the removal of CSAT from myocyte-enriched cultures, 96.9
      +/- 0.4% (n = 7) of the myocytes obtained from 7-day embryos and 93.8 +/- 1.4% (n
      = 6) of the myocytes obtained from 17-day embryos attached to culture dishes.
      Using these four preparations, we found the sialic acid content of myocytes to be
      significantly less than that of fibroblasts at both 7 and 17 days of development.
      In fact, the sialic acid content of myocytes did not change during this period,
      whereas that of fibroblasts increased significantly. These differences underscore
      the necessity of using highly enriched cell preparations. The
      antibody/differential adhesion method described provides an opportunity to
      evaluate and correlate the biochemical, physiological and pharmacological
      properties of myocytes without interference from other cell types.

PMID- 3694680
TI  - Effects of ischemia and perfusion temperature on the synthesis of stress-induced
      (heat shock) proteins in isolated and perfused rat hearts.
AB  - Isolated and perfused rat hearts were examined by 2-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis and liquid scintillation counting to determine the effect of
      ischemia or perfusion temperature on protein synthesis. Isolated hearts were
      subjected to ischemia at either 4 degrees, 20 degrees, or 30 degrees C and then
      perfused at 37 degrees C and radio-labeled with [3H]-leucine from 0.5 to 2.5 h of
      perfusion. Following 0.5 h of 4 degrees C or 0.2 h of 20 degrees C ischemia,
      minimal or no effect was seen by fluorography on the patterns of protein
      synthesis and there was no apparent synthesis of the stress-induced (heat shock)
      protein with Mr = 71,000 (SP71). After 4.0 h of 4 degrees C or 0.5 h of 20
      degrees C ischemia, SP71 was detectable on fluorograms. After 17 h of 4 degrees C
      or 1 h of 20 degrees C or 30 degrees C ischemia, SP71 was a prominent spot on
      fluorograms; the percentage incorporation of precursor into SP71 was
      significantly increased and overall incorporation of precursor into protein
      appeared depressed. Following 17 h at 4 degrees C, during which time the buffer
      was continuously oxygenated, percentage incorporation of precursor into SP71 was
      only moderately increased, suggesting that hypoxia was responsible for the high
      level of SP71 synthesis. The effect of perfusion temperature was initially
      examined using a perfusion method which results in a moderate synthesis of SP71
      at 37 degrees C between 2.5 and 4.5 h of perfusion. Fluorograms revealed
      synthesis of some normal proteins at all temperatures, with little or no
      synthesis of SP71 at 31 degrees and 34 degrees C, moderate synthesis at 37
      degrees C, and intense synthesis at 40 degrees C. The percentage incorporation of
      precursor into SP71 and total incorporation of precursor appeared depressed at 31
      degrees C and 34 degrees C, from that at 37 degrees C, while at 40 degrees C,
      percentage incorporation of precursor into SP71 was significantly increased but
      overall incorporation of precursor into protein appeared depressed. When SP71
      synthesis was induced by 17 h of 4 degrees C ischemia, hearts were sensitive to a
      lower perfusion temperature (34 degrees C); the percent incorporation of
      precursor into SP71 was significantly reduced from that seen at 37 degrees C.
      Interestingly, the effect of prolonged ischemia on protein synthesis (increased
      synthesis of SP71; suppression of overall synthesis) is the same as the heat
      shock response seen after perfusion at 40 degrees C.

PMID- 3694682
TI  - Ophthalmic prosthetics. A guide for nurses.

PMID- 3694681
TI  - A low concentration of nisoldipine reduces ischemic heart injury: enhanced reflow
      and recovery of contractile function without energy preservation during ischemia.
AB  - Isolated working rat hearts which received no drug treatment had reduced ATP and
      creatine phosphate levels and increased lactate content during 20 min of
      ischemia. When subjected to 33 min of ischemia and 30 min of reperfusion, these
      hearts recovered low values of cardiac output (9.8 ml/min), heart rate, maximum
      developed pressure, pressure-rate product (72.9, 32.6, 27.5% of control,
      respectively), had low levels of tissue ATP, and reduced coronary flow upon
      reperfusion. Addition of nisoldipine (1 nM) 10 min before ischemia caused no
      decrease in cardiac output or heart rate, slightly decreased maximum developed
      pressure and pressure-rate product (93% of control), and did not reduce the
      degradation of ATP and creatine phosphate or the accumulation of lactate during
      20 min of ischemia. When nisoldipine was included 10 min before ischemia, during
      ischemia (33 min) and reperfusion (30 min), however, the recovery of cardiac
      function and tissue ATP levels was significantly increased. This protective
      effect occurred when drug treated ischemic hearts were reperfused with control
      buffer, indicating residual effects. The beneficial effects of nisoldipine were
      not due to changes in afterload or preload (isolated perfused heart), collateral
      flow (zero flow model), energy preservation during ischemia (little contractile
      depression, ATP not enhanced during ischemia), or reduced lactate accumulation
      during ischemia. The beneficial effects were associated with increased coronary
      flow (31% higher than no drug) during reperfusion, indicating a reduction in the
      no-reflow phenomenon.

PMID- 3694683
TI  - Molteno implant system for patients with previously unsuccessful glaucoma
      surgery.

PMID- 3694684
TI  - A review of complications associated with soft contact lenses.

PMID- 3694686
TI  - Pharmacology of ophthalmic drugs. Part III: Ocular decongestants, ocular
      lubricants & miscellaneous agents.

PMID- 3694685
TI  - Vision in aging: a screening program.

PMID- 3694687
TI  - Prevention of strabismic amblyopia of early onset with special reference to the
      optimal age for screening.

PMID- 3694688
TI  - Developing positive intimacy cognitions in males with a history of nonintimate
      sexual experiences.
AB  - Traditional male sexual socialization is based on assumptions and cognitions
      which are antithetical to adult intimate relationships. The double standard
      scenario, initial sexual experiences, the way of talking about sex with peers,
      cognitions around automatic and autonomous functioning, the criterion of perfect
      performance, orgasm-orientation, and emotional separateness from females are
      strongly overlearned and reinforced in the young male subculture. A cognitive
      behavioral strategy is used to increase intimacy among couples as well as males
      without partners. The focus is on increasing comfort, self-disclosure, and
      increasing the range of emotional and sexual expression.

PMID- 3694689
TI  - A comparison of sex offenders against female and male minors.
AB  - Male sex offenders against minors were grouped according to age and sex of
      victims, and according to whether they had offended against one or more than one
      minor. Cases of incest or courtship disorder were not included in the study.
      Among offenders against female children, the number of one-case offenders was
      substantially larger than that of multicase offenders. The opposite was true of
      offenders against male children, and there was no significant difference between
      one-case and multicase offenders against female or male early adolescents. If
      these counts reflect corresponding prevalences within sex offenders against
      minors in a Western cultural setting, some inferences can be made from these
      comparisons.

PMID- 3694690
TI  - Vaginoplasty outcome in male-to-female transsexuals.
AB  - This study investigated the cosmetic and functional adequacy of the neovagina in
      surgically reassigned male-to-female transsexuals. Subjects were 22 transsexuals
      with a mean postsurgical follow-up of 4.4 years. All were given structured
      interviews followed by pelvic examinations. The majority of subjects reported at
      least some postoperative sexual responsiveness. Vaginal depth, measured with a
      specially constructed probe, averaged 8.3 cm. Only a minority of subjects,
      however, complained that the neovagina was inadequate for coitus. It is possible
      that transsexuals accomplish coitus, despite short vaginas, by assuming positions
      that limit the depth of their partners' thrusting.

PMID- 3694691
TI  - Marital/family developmental theory as a context for understanding and treating
      inhibited sexual desire.
AB  - In this article, the author offers a theoretically based, heuristic model for
      understanding the etiology and maintenance of inhibited sexual desire (ISD)
      within the context of a developing relationship system. Empirical studies of
      premarital relationship formation, progression and maintenance form the basis of
      this discussion. The interplay of intrapersonal and interactional dynamics is
      highlighted. Emphasis is placed upon understanding ISD according to social
      exchange formulations of premarital and marital behavior. Particular attention is
      given to the interactants' nonverbalized rules and implicitly held expectations
      for the sexual exchange process. Guidelines for assessment are offered and
      implications for intervention are drawn.

PMID- 3694692
TI  - The divarication of the medical ethos.

PMID- 3694693
TI  - Head injury with subsequent, intermittent, nonschizophrenic, psychotic symptoms
      and violence.
AB  - A young, black, adult woman presented to an outpatient clinic for treatment with
      a history of intermittent, nonschizophrenic, psychotic symptoms. Blacks, because
      of their situational sociology, may be more predisposed to severe head injuries,
      and this acquired biologic factor may be, in part, responsible for the high rates
      of black-on-black murder. The use of beta blockers is discussed as an adjunct in
      the treatment of violence occurring in patients with a past history of severe
      head injury.

PMID- 3694694
TI  - Academic difficulty of women, minority, and older medical student subgroups: a
      study of incidence and recovery.
AB  - Despite many retention studies, little is known about the performance of students
      in academic difficulty (SDs) who recover and graduate. In this study (1973-1982),
      the authors tracked 213 women, minorities, and older students in academic
      difficulty, those with three or more failures. Improvement measures were
      retention, National Board scores, and class rank at graduation.Minority students
      had significantly more difficulty, lower retention, and impaired recovery. Older
      students had considerable difficulty, but those who survived did well. Sixty
      eight percent of majority women, 54 percent of all majorities, and 14 percent of
      minority women SDs recovered completely, graduating with a class rank of average
      or above. Minority men made significantly better recovery than minority women.
      Minority women's complete recovery rate rose from 6 to 23 percent. Incidence of
      difficulty for minorities decreased, though not significantly.Results suggest
      that many minority students, especially women, experience academic difficulty and
      have trouble recovering, but that the situation is ameliorating over time.

PMID- 3694695
TI  - Hypertension therapy--an update.
AB  - Six black hypertensive patients responded favorably to treatment with verapamil
      hydrochloride (Isoptin). The patients were participants in a larger study.

PMID- 3694696
TI  - Various manifestations of hyperthyroidism in an ambulatory clinic: case studies.
AB  - This study reviews five cases of women with hyperthyroidism, three black women
      and two Hispanic women. Initially, two patients presented with voice changes,
      weight loss, and increased appetite. Only two patients presented with classical
      symptoms of hyperthyroidism. Examination showed all patients had diffusely
      enlarged thyroids and exaggerated reflexes. Two patients showed Graves'
      opthalmopathy.These cases document the variety of presentations of
      hyperthyroidism. Hence, a high index of suspicion must exist for this disease,
      even in the absence of a number of the classical manifestations of
      hyperthyroidism. When patients present to primary care centers with a
      constellation of symptoms, an examination of the thyroid gland is essential.

PMID- 3694697
TI  - Seroepidemiologic characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae in a Saudi
      hospital.
AB  - Although Streptococcus pneumoniae are responsible for over 90 percent of
      bacterial pneumonia, different serotypes occur in different geographical
      locations. Studies show that the particular serotypes that cause pneumococcal
      infection in different countries have been identified, but such is not the case
      with Saudi Arabia.A preliminary study of 358 patients at King Saud University
      Hospital, Riyadh, conducted between October 1982 and December 1985, revealed the
      presence of somewhat different serotypes in Saudi Arabia. Hence the need for more
      comprehensive clinical and epidemiologic studies to generate data unique to Saudi
      Arabia and the Middle East.

PMID- 3694698
TI  - Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome: report of a case in a Nigerian child.
AB  - The first case of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome in an African is reported. It is a
      syndrome of unknown etiology and prognosis, characterized by broad thumbs and
      great toes, mental retardation, high arched palate, distinctive facies, and
      undescended testes. Approximately 25 percent of patients have congenital cardiac
      defects, of which patent ductus arteriosus is the most common.

PMID- 3694699
TI  - Neonatal pharyngeal perforation diagnosed by xenon 133 imaging.
AB  - A premature male infant developed bilateral pneumothorax and generalized
      subcutaneous emphysema following difficult intubation. Xenon 133 imaging revealed
      accumulation of radionuclide in those areas of subcutaneous emphysema indicating
      a large air leak from the upper respiratory tract. Pharyngeal injury was
      confirmed at endoscopy. Imaging with (133)Xe may offer a means of rapid diagnosis
      of airway injury.

PMID- 3694700
TI  - Doctors--who are they?
AB  - The title "Doctor" has an interesting and not commonly understood inception, and
      those entitled to use the accolade Doctor have had an interesting evolution. The
      title is now used by a plethora of individuals with a variety of skills and
      levels of achievement. A random survey of the population reveals that the public
      strongly equates the bearer of the title Doctor as an MD-bearing individual, ie,
      a physician (94 percent), while only 23 percent of those who utilize the title
      are truly physicians. This discrepancy leads to confusion in interpretation of
      persons introduced as Doctor in newspapers, books, and television, and in daily
      life. Physicians themselves contribute to the problem, as 40 percent refer to
      themselves as Doctor when asked to describe what they do for a living. Public
      education is recommended regarding the use of the title Doctor, and a distinction
      (the actual degree obtained) should be used whenever this term is used.

PMID- 3694701
TI  - National Medical Political Action Committee and medical freedom.

PMID- 3694702
TI  - The toxicological significance of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and related
      compounds in human adipose tissue.
AB  - Reports of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzo
      furans (PCDFs) in human tissues were reviewed to assess their toxicological
      significance. The predominance of 2,3,7,8-chlorinated congeners in human tissues
      and in the food chain, but not in other environmental matrices, suggests that the
      food chain is the major source of human residues. Exposures to unique
      distributions of congeners can result in recognizable patterns of excess 2,3,7,8
      chlorinated PCDDs/PCDFs in humans. Current levels of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p
      dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) in the general population can be accounted for by an
      average level of 133 or 27 ppq (parts per quadrillion) in food based on an
      estimated half-life in humans of 1 or 5 yr, respectively. 2,3,7,8-TCDD is more
      persistent in humans than in rodents or lagomorphs, resulting in higher body
      burdens in humans at comparable levels in the diet. Taken alone, this
      toxicokinetic difference would increase risks estimated for humans from toxicity
      in laboratory animals. However, humans appear to be less susceptible due to the
      following: less food is ingested per body mass, more 2,3,7,8-TCDD is sequestered
      in adipose tissue and away from target organs, and tissue susceptibility appears
      to be lower than in the most sensitive rodents and lagomorphs. The body burden of
      2,3,7,8-TCDD in a Seveso woman receiving an apparently nontoxic dose was
      approximately 180 times the average body burden of 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents in
      the general population of industralized societies. The body burden of prisoners
      who were exposed dermally to a suspension of 2,3,7,8-TCDD and who developed
      severe chloracne was estimated to be as much as 38 times that of the Seveso
      woman. These comparisons suggest a considerable margin of safety for the general
      population.

PMID- 3694703
TI  - Disposition of decabromobiphenyl ether in rats dosed intravenously or by feeding.
AB  - The disposition of 14C-labeled decabromobiphenyl ether (DBBE) in male Fischer
      rats dosed by feeding (0.025-5.0% of the diet) or intravenously (1 mg/kg) was
      determined. For rats dosed by feeding, intestinal absorption of DBBE was evident
      in that the intact compound was present in extracts of liver. For these rats, the
      size of the liver increased with increasing concentration of DBBE in the diet.
      Liver contained a maximum of 0.449% of the administered radioactivity at 24 h
      after feeding rats a diet containing 0.0277% [14C]DBBE; no other organ or tissue
      contained more than 0.26%. The total amount of radioactivity found in tissues was
      less than 1% of the dose. Of the radioactivity recovered in the feeding
      experiments, more than 99% was in the feces and gut contents at 72 h; a maximum
      of 0.012% of the dose was in the urine. In the feces of rats fed [14C]DBBE, there
      were three metabolites, which together comprised 1.5-27.9% of the radioactivity.
      Since absorption was minimal, most of the metabolism of [14C]DBBE apparently took
      place in the gastrointestinal tract. The metabolites increased in percent of
      total radioactivity with the content of DBBE in the diet, an indication that
      enzyme induction in intestinal bacteria may have occurred at the higher doses.
      More extensive metabolism of [14C]DBBE occurred after intravenous administration;
      only 37% of the radioactivity in the feces was unchanged DBBE. At 72 h after
      dosing, fecal excretion accounted for 70% of the dose; only 0.129% appeared in
      the urine. Muscle retained 12.9% and skin 7.25% of the radioactivity
      administered. In 4 h, rats with biliary cannulas excreted in the bile 7.17% of
      the intravenously administered radioactivity; less than 1% was excreted as intact
      DBBE. Biliary excretion was apparently the major route for elimination of the
      intravenously administered compound. The rapid excretion and extensive metabolism
      of DBBE, relative to other polyhalogenated compounds, are advantageous properties
      that may allow it to be used in place of structurally similar compounds presently
      employed in industrial applications.

PMID- 3694704
TI  - Tracheal and bronchoalveolar permeability changes in rats inhaling oxidant
      atmospheres during rest or exercise.
AB  - Permeability of tracheal and bronchoalveolar airways of rats was measured and
      used to examine the effects of inhaled oxidant-containing atmospheres. The
      atmospheres studied were (a) ozone (O3) at 0.6 ppm (1.2 mg/m3) or 0.8 ppm (1.6
      mg/m3); (b) nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at 6 ppm (11.3 mg/m3) or 12 ppm (22.6 mg/m3);
      (c) O3 + NO2 at 0.6 ppm (1.2 mg/m3) and 2.5 ppm (4.7 mg/m3), respectively; and
      (d) a 7-component particle and gas mixture (complex atmosphere) representing
      urban air pollution in a photochemical environment. The rats were exposed for 2
      h. The effects of exercise during exposure were evaluated by exposing additional
      groups in an enclosed treadmill. Exposure of resting rats to 0.8 ppm O3 increased
      tracheal permeability to DTPA and bronchoalveolar permeability to
      diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (DTPA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) at 1 h
      after the exposure. Bronchoalveolar, but not tracheal, permeability remained
      elevated at 24 h after the exposure. Exercise during exposure to O3 increased
      permeability to both tracers in the tracheal and the bronchoalveolar zones, and
      prolonged the duration of increased permeability in the tracheal zone from 1 h to
      24 h, and in the bronchoalveolar zone from 24 h to 48 h. Permeability in the
      tracheal and bronchoalveolar zones of rats exposed at rest to 6 or 12 ppm NO2 did
      not differ from controls. However, rats exposed during exercise to 12 ppm NO2 for
      2 h developed a significant increase in tracheal and bronchoalveolar permeability
      to DTPA and BSA at 1 h, but not at 24 or 48 h, after exposure. Exposure at rest
      to 0.6 ppm O3 plus 2.5 ppm NO2 significantly increased bronchoalveolar
      permeability at 1 and 24 h after exposure, although exposure at rest to 0.6 ppm
      O3 alone increased bronchoalveolar permeability only at 1 h after exposure.
      Exposure to O3 + NO2 during exercise led to significantly greater permeability to
      DTPA than did exercising exposure to O3 alone. Resting rats exposed to a complex
      gas/aerosol atmosphere composed of the above O3 and NO2 concentrations, plus 5
      ppm (13.1 mg/m3) sulfur dioxide (SO2) and an aerosol of insoluble colloidal Fe2O3
      with an aerosol of manganese, ferric, and ammonium salts, demonstrated increased
      permeability at 1 and 24 h after exposure. Nitric acid vapor was formed in both
      the O3 + NO2 atmosphere and the complex gas/aerosol atmosphere.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3694706
TI  - The effect of DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) on dermal persistence and absorption
      of the insecticide fenitrothion in rats and monkeys.
AB  - The in vitro persistence of 14C-ring-labeled fenitrothion in acetone (F-A) or N,N
      diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) (F-D) vehicles was determined, and in vivo studies
      were conducted to determine the persistence and absorption of [14C]fenitrothion
      in acetone or DEET applied to the skin of rats and rhesus monkeys. In vitro
      persistence of [14C]fenitrothion was significantly enhanced in DEET vehicle, and
      the percent residual 14C activity at 24 h was positively correlated with the
      amount (micrograms) of DEET employed (e.g., in vitro, 98.6 +/- 1.7% 14C recovery
      after 24 h with [14C]fenitrothion in DEET versus 1.9 +/- 0.3% without DEET).
      Significantly greater (p less than 0.05) fenitrothion 14C activity was detected
      in skin swabs taken after 24 h at the dose site with DEET vehicle from rats
      [acetone (F-A): 15.0 +/- 5.8%; DEET (F-D): 31.5 +/- 3.9%)] and monkeys (F-A: 3.2
      +/- 1.5%; F-D: 9.7 +/- 6.0%). A lag in the urinary excretion kinetics was
      observed for F-D in comparison with F-A for both rats and monkeys. The total
      percent urinary 14C recovery was significantly higher in rats dosed with F-A
      (73.0 +/- 7.4%) than with F-D (52.4 +/- 8.8%) but not in monkeys (F-A: 34.7 +/-
      7.1%; F-D: 36.7 +/- 2.9%). The observed species-related differences are discussed
      in context with the use of animal models for predicting dermal penetration of
      pesticides in humans.

PMID- 3694705
TI  - Unilateral paraquat-induced lung fibrosis: evolution of changes in lung
      fibronectin and collagen after graded degrees of lung injury.
AB  - We describe a model of pulmonary fibrosis in which doses of paraquat ranging from
      0.001 mg/kg to 1.0 mg/kg were instilled into the right lung of rats. Lung injury,
      as measured by right lung lavage albumin content and differential neutrophil
      count, ranged from undetectable to extremely severe, depending on the dose. Lung
      fibrosis, as assessed by collagen content and electron microscopy, showed similar
      dose-response effects. Mortality was minimal. Lavage fibronectin increased after
      high doses of paraquat, peaked at 2 d postinjury, decreased sharply after 3 d and
      was normal by 7 d. The temporal pattern was similar to that for albumin. Cultured
      alveolar macrophages obtained at 4 d postinjury did not have significant
      increases in fibronectin release. Tissue fibronectin content increased more
      slowly than lavage fibronectin, peaking at 4 d postinjury, and was still elevated
      at 7 and 14 d postinjury. Incorporation of [35S]methionine into tissue
      fibronectin by lung explants obtained at different times postinjury showed a
      similar time course. Lung collagen content increased steadily between 4 and 14 d
      postinjury. We conclude that, in our model, graded degrees of lung injury and
      fibrosis can be produced by varying the dose of unilaterally instilled paraquat
      and that the increases in lavage fibronectin were related mainly to capillary
      permeability whereas increases in tissue fibronectin represented parenchymal
      synthesis. The time course of changes in lung tissue fibronectin and collagen was
      consistent with the proposed roles of fibronectin in tissue repair and fibrosis.
      The ability of our model to produce graduated degrees of lung injury and fibrosis
      should be useful in further studies on the pathogenesis of postinjury lung
      fibrosis.

PMID- 3694707
TI  - Inhibitory effects of various sulfur compounds on the activity of bovine
      erythrocyte enzymes.
AB  - Studies were conducted to assess the in vitro effects of selected sulfur
      compounds on the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione
      peroxidase (GSHPX), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) in hemolyzates
      of bovine erythrocytes. All sulfur compounds produced concentration-dependent
      inhibition in the activities of these enzymes, but their effects on each enzyme
      were different. SOD and catalase activities were most sensitive to sulfide (S2-),
      followed by sulfite (SO3(2-)) and sulfate (SO4(2-)). GSHPX activity was most
      sensitive to SO3(2-), followed by S2-, cysteine and SO4(2-). The activity of
      G6PDH, however, was maximally inhibited by reduced glutathione (GSH), followed by
      SO3(2-) and SO4(2-); S2- was inhibitory only at high concentrations. Dialysis of
      the S2- and SO3(2-)-inhibited enzymes resulted in complete or partial reversal of
      inhibitory effects. The biochemical significance of these effects in relation to
      erythrocyte physiology is discussed.

PMID- 3694708
TI  - Effect of diisopropylfluorophosphate and soman on rat skeletal muscle contracture
      during tetanic stimulation.
AB  - A number of reports have documented the myopathy that accompanies exposure to
      irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. However, less information is
      available on the functional consequences of the myopathy. The purpose of this
      study was to examine the effects of diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) and soman on
      skeletal muscle contracture. Rats were given daily doses of DFP or soman, and the
      tetanic contracture of the triceps surae muscles was recorded at various exposure
      periods up to 20 d. DFP decreased tetanic contracture during 5-Hz stimulation.
      Increased stimulation up to 50 Hz did not enhance the effect. The muscles showed
      the greatest deficit on d 5. Continued dosing produced a slightly attenuated
      effect. Soman produced a frequency-dependent increase in muscle contracture. The
      increase was greatest on d 2 and 4, but remained elevated over the 20-d study.
      These results show that two drugs that presumably both raised levels of
      transmitter in the synaptic cleft as a result of esterase inhibition can produce
      either enhanced or decreased muscle contraction.

PMID- 3694709
TI  - Direct suppression of cultured spleen cell responses by chlordane and the basis
      for differential effects on in vivo and in vitro immunocompetence.
AB  - Immunosuppression by gamma-chlordane was examined by the direct addition of
      chlordane to cultured spleen cells from untreated B6C3F1 mice. Both cell-mediated
      and humoral immune responses were markedly suppressed upon in vitro exposure. The
      mixed lymphocyte response and the proliferative response to both B- and T-cell
      mitogens were significantly suppressed at micromolar concentrations of chlordane.
      The antibody response to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) was suppressed 90% at 10
      microM chlordane. The kinetics of the SRBC response were not altered by
      chlordane. Addition of chlordane to the antibody cultures on various days
      indicated an effect at the early stages of the response. Previous studies with
      chlordane failed to demonstrate immunosuppression following in vivo exposure. The
      possibility that chlordane was metabolized in vivo to a less immunosuppressive
      form was studied by examining the effect of the major metabolite, oxychlordane,
      on the in vitro antibody response and by incubating splenocytes with chlordane
      and a liver S9 preparation prior to culture with SRBC. Oxychlordane was
      immunosuppressive by itself, and the activity of chlordane was unaltered in the
      co-culture experiments. The association of chlordane with serum components was
      evaluated in vitro in cultures of mouse bone-marrow cells (BMC). The chlordane
      induced suppression of [3H]thymidine incorporation by BMC was reversed by the
      addition of mouse or human serum. In summary, chlordane produces marked
      suppression of in vitro immune responses via an apparent antiproliferative
      action. The failure of chlordane to produce in vivo immunosuppression may be
      related to extensive association of chlordane with serum components.

PMID- 3694710
TI  - Effects of entorhinal lesions on trophic activities present in rat entorhinal
      cortex and hippocampus as studied using primary cultures of entorhinal and septal
      tissues.
AB  - The present study examined trophic activities in normal and injured brain which
      affect the survival and growth of central neurons in culture. Adult rats received
      bilateral lesions through the angular bundle, severing projections between the
      entorhinal cortex and the hippocampus. Ten days later, extracts were prepared
      from the entorhinal or hippocampal regions of the injured brains and compared
      with extract prepared from analogous regions of normal brains for trophic
      activities in cultures of either entorhinal or septal tissues. At least three
      activities were observed: (1) a trophic activity which bound to polylysine
      treated wells, which was greater than 10,000 Da in size, heat labile, and
      sensitive to trypsin, and which supported the survival of both septal and
      entorhinal neurons in culture; (2) a trophic activity which did not bind to
      polylysine-treated wells, which was greater than 10,000 Da in size, heat labile,
      and sensitive to trypsin, and which, in the presence of polylysine-bindable
      material, facilitated the survival and growth of entorhinal cells in culture, and
      (3) an inhibitory activity which significantly reduced survival in entorhinal
      cultures when cells were plated in the presence of high concentrations of extract
      prepared from normal brain. These effects were not due to nonspecific effects of
      plating the cells in, or treating the wells with, large amounts of protein. A
      significant injury-related increase in non-polylysine-bindable trophic activity
      was also observed. Extracts prepared from either the hippocampus or the
      entorhinal area of the injured brains contained more non-polylysine-bindable
      trophic activity than extract prepared from normal brains. Injury-related changes
      in trophic activities were more prominent in entorhinal than in septal cultures.
      This increase in activity may account for the injury-related effects on the
      survival of entorhinal transplants reported previously [Gibbs and Cotman:
      Neuroscience (in press) 1987], and may represent an endogenous mechanism by which
      the brain attempts to selectively support the survival of injured cells following
      injury.

PMID- 3694711
TI  - Microsequencing of dopamine beta-monooxygenase.
AB  - Tryptic peptides and cyanogen bromide fragments of dopamine beta-monooxygenase
      (DBH) were prepared and separated on C-8 reverse phase columns by high pressure
      liquid chromatography. Absorbance profiles at both 220 nm and 280 nm were
      monitored so that peptides with aromatic residues could be isolated. These
      peptides were subjected to automated Edman degradation with a gas phase
      microsequencer.

PMID- 3694712
TI  - Cobra nerve growth factor: structure and evolutionary comparison.
AB  - We have cloned and sequenced an NGF cDNA from the cobra venom gland. The
      structure of the predicted cobra precursor resembles that of the mouse
      prohormone, with a highly conserved mature NGF protein at the C-terminus. In the
      non-NGF moiety, a putative signal peptide and two sets of basic residues
      presumably reflecting cleavage sites that are more conserved, while large
      interstitial regions are poorly conserved. This moiety may be involved in
      defining the folding of the precursor for subsequent proteolytic maturation
      and/or encode a bioactive polypeptide(s). Primer extension analysis indicates a
      single NGF transcript in the cobra venom gland.

PMID- 3694713
TI  - Receptor-mediated transcytosis of transferrin across the blood-brain barrier.
AB  - The perfusion of rat brain with 125I-transferrin resulted in a receptor-mediated
      uptake of transferrin into the endothelium of the blood-brain barrier followed by
      its detection in the brain. During a pulse-chase experiment, 125I-transferrin
      accumulated in the endothelial cells during the pulse, with a decrease of this
      intraendothelial radioactivity during the chase associated with a concomitant
      increase in the nonvascular elements of the brain. The receptor-mediated movement
      of transferrin across the blood-brain barrier suggests that the brain may derive
      its iron through the transcytosis of iron-loaded transferrin across the brain
      microvasculature. We discuss the likelihood that aluminum and other potentially
      toxic heavy metals, which also bind tightly to transferrin, may enter the brain
      by this pathway. We also discuss the possibility that other large molecules
      including neuroactive peptides and neurotrophic viruses may enter the brain
      through a similar receptor-mediated, vesicular transcytotic route.

PMID- 3694715
TI  - Carrier-mediated transport of vasopressin across the blood-brain barrier of the
      mouse.
AB  - A brain to blood carrier-mediated transport system for arginine vasopressin (AVP)
      was investigated in mice after intraventricular injection of iodinated AVP and
      varying amounts of unlabeled material or candidate inhibitors. Residual activity
      in the brain detected after decapitation was used as the main determinant of
      transport activity. The half-time disappearance of iodinated AVP from the brain
      was 12.4 min, the Vmax was 1.41 nmol/g-min, and the apparent Km was 28.7 nmol/g.
      A 30-nmol dose of AVP, mesotocin, arginine vasotocin, pressinoic amide,
      pressinoic acid, tocinoic acid, and lysine vasotocin, but not oxytocin, lysine
      vasopressin, AVP free acid, tocinoic amide, Tyr-MIF-1, or cyclo Leu-Gly,
      significantly (P less than 0.05) inhibited the transport of iodinated AVP out of
      the brain. The 30 nmol dose of AVP had no effect on the transport of iodide or
      iodotyrosine out of the brain. High-performance liquid chromatography showed that
      59.2% of the radioactivity found in the blood 2 min after an i.c.v. injection of
      labeled AVP eluted at the same position as labeled AVP compared with 68.8% of
      radioactivity eluting at that position after material was infused i.v. for 2 min.
      This indicates that intact peptide is transported across the blood-brain barrier
      and that most of the degradation of AVP occurs during circulation in the blood.
      Calculations based on the appearance of radioactivity in the periphery showed
      that 56.2% of the material injected centrally would have been transported into
      the periphery by 10 min. This appearance of material in the periphery was
      inhibited by the simultaneous injection of an excess of unlabeled peptide. Water
      loading significantly decreased the brain to blood transport rate of AVP by 40%.
      It is concluded that a saturable system exists for brain to blood transport of
      AVP and some structurally similar peptides.

PMID- 3694714
TI  - Metabolism of cholesterol and triacylglycerol in cultured chick neuronal cells,
      glial cells, and fibroblasts: accumulation of esterified cholesterol in serum
      free culture.
AB  - Metabolism of free and esterified cholesterol and triacylglycerol was compared in
      cultured neuronal cells, glial cells, and fibroblasts grown from chick embryos.
      Cellular contents of free and esterified cholesterol were comparable in these
      cells and triacylglycerol content in the neuronal cells was about 40% of that in
      the other cell types. Cholesterol synthesis from [3H]acetate was high in all
      these cells and was not affected by fetal calf serum in the culture medium.
      Monensin, which has been shown to influence cholesterol metabolism through the
      inhibition of low-density lipoprotein receptor recycling in human fibroblasts,
      did not induce profound effects on cholesterol metabolism in these cells. Higher
      incorporation of [3H] oleic acid into esterified cholesterol was observed in the
      glial cells and fibroblasts when fetal calf serum was removed from the culture
      medium. Cellular content of the esterified cholesterol also increased in the
      glial cells under a serum-free arrangement. 25-Hydroxycholesterol induced higher
      incorporation of both [3H]acetic acid and [3H]oleic acid into esterified
      cholesterol in all of these cells. The results indicate that the active
      metabolism of cholesterol found in cultured chick neural cells and fibroblasts
      may not be regulated by an LDL receptor-mediated system and some factors in fetal
      calf serum inhibit cellular accumulation of esterified cholesterol.

PMID- 3694716
TI  - Dopamine and noradrenaline content in fish retina: modulation by serotonin.
AB  - The presence of noradrenaline (NA) and the possible interaction of serotonin (5
      HT) with dopaminergic and noradrenergic neuronal elements was studied in the
      retina of the teleost Eugerres plumieri. By means of a histofluorescent
      technique, paired amacrine cells can be visualized after intravitreal injection
      of NA or 5,6-dihydroxytriptamine, suggesting their probable catecholaminergic and
      indoleaminergic nature. With a high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC)
      method and after pargyline treatment of the animal, 6.86 ng/mg protein of
      dopamine (DA) was detected, while NA content was 0.50 ng/mg protein. The NA
      levels of the retina increased, whereas the DA levels decreased in a significant
      manner after in vivo treatment with 5-HT. 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, a 5
      HT agonist, was able to mimic this effect partially, while the agonists
      tryptamine and quipazine did not affect the levels of DA and NA. The antagonists
      methysergide, metergoline, and cyproheptadine significantly blocked the 5-HT
      induced NA increase, whereas only the first two antagonists were effective in
      inhibiting the 5-HT-induced DA decrease. The 5-HT modulation of NA and DA is
      apparently receptor mediated and is not due to a hetero-exchange, since
      imipramine was not able to block the 5-HT effect. These findings support the
      suggested interaction between serotoninergic and dopaminergic cells [Negishi et
      al: J Neurosci Res 5:621-635, 1980; Neurosci Lett 25:1-5, 1981]. Furthermore,
      they demonstrate the possible modulation which 5-HT exerts on the endogenous
      levels of NA.

PMID- 3694717
TI  - Isolation of intact capillaries and capillary plasma membranes from frozen human
      brain.
AB  - The development of methods for the isolation of brain capillaries and brain
      capillary plasma membranes makes possible biochemical studies of the blood-brain
      barrier (BBB), which is made up of brain capillaries. Studies aimed at assessing
      the role of the BBB in the pathogenesis of specific neurologic diseases, e.g.,
      Alzheimer's disease or multiple sclerosis, will necessitate the isolation of
      capillaries from brain involved with specific pathology. Such tissue is most
      readily available from banks containing frozen human brain. The present studies
      show that intact capillaries and capillary plasma membranes can be isolated from
      frozen human brain, including as little as five g of multiple sclerosis plaque
      tissue. Capillaries from frozen human brain are enriched in gamma-glutamyl
      transpeptidase, factor VIII antigen, and a 46K protein which has recently been
      shown to be a BBB-specific protein. These studies provide the basis for future
      biochemical studies of human brain microvessels in neurologic disease.

PMID- 3694718
TI  - Effects of hypoxia, 2,4-dinitrophenol and ouabain on twitch potentiation elicited
      following conditioning pulses in the mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation.
AB  - Hypoxia is suggested to increase intracellular Ca2+, thereby affecting cellular
      functions. If this is the case, the effect would be modified by other treatments
      which also elevate intracellular levels of Ca2+. To test this possibility, in
      mouse diaphragm preparations, the effects of hypoxia were examined on twitch
      potentiations after application of neural conditioning pulses which are
      considered to elevate intracellular Ca2+. The effects were compared with those of
      2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) and ouabain. Hypoxia increased the tension of twitches
      elicited directly or neurally with 0.1 or 0.5 Hz pulses at 36 degrees C but not
      at 24 degrees C. Paired pulses to the nerve induced a complex response profile in
      which the amplitude of the second twitch was enhanced (twitch facilitation).
      Tetanic pulses (50 Hz) to the nerve were followed by post-tetanic twitches of
      increased amplitude (post-tetanic twitch potentiation, PTP). Hypoxia little
      affected the twitch facilitation but abolished PTP at both temperatures. These
      effects differed from those of DNP and ouabain in some ways. Thus, present
      experiments indicate that hypoxia selectively influences the process which is
      responsible for the PTP phenomenon rather than for the twitch facilitation. It is
      possible that the mechanism by which hypoxia would accumulate intracellular Ca2+
      may be included in the process through which PTP occurs.

PMID- 3694719
TI  - Comparative study of colorimetric method using diazotization reaction and high
      performance liquid chromatographic method in determination of para-aminohippuric
      acid.
AB  - In this study, colorimetric method and high-performance liquid chromatographic
      (HPLC) method were improved and established, respectively, in order to minimize
      analytical errors in determination of para-aminohippuric acid (PAH) in rat urine
      and plasma. In terms of the colorimetric method, an operative step following
      addition of Tsuda reagent was modified as follows: after the addition of Tsuda
      reagent, reaction mixture was kept at 40 degrees C for 70 min before
      spectrophotometry. Linearities were observed both in the higher range of 0 and
      2.5 to 12.5 micrograms and in the lower range of 0 and 100 to 1,000 ng per test
      tube, and its practical detection limit was 100 ng per test tube. In terms of
      HPLC method, using a reversed-phase column (Nucleosil 5 C18), PAH was separated
      by a mobile phase of acetonitrile/50 mM KH2PO4 (pH 2.8) = 9/95. Linearities were
      observed in the higher range of 0 and 10 ng to 2 micrograms and in the lower
      range of 0 and 1 to 10 ng per injection, and its practical detection limit was 1
      ng per injection. These results denote that the above two methods are applicable
      to routine PAH determination. In addition, our HPLC method is considered to be
      applicable to microassay of PAH, because its sensitivity is more sensitive and
      minimization of volume system is more easily achieved as compared with the
      colorimetric method.

PMID- 3694720
TI  - Electron microscopic observation on dark endothelial cells in erythema nodosum
      like lesions of Behcet's disease with ultrastructural X-ray spectroanalysis.
AB  - We used electron microscopy and electron microscopic X-ray spectroanalysis to
      examine the biopsies taken from erythema nodosum-like lesions of 20 patients with
      Behcet's disease. Electron-dense degenerated endothelial cells were found in the
      microcirculatory beds of the dermis and subcutaneous fat. However, electron
      microscopic X-ray spectroanalysis failed to demonstrate the localization of
      either chlorine or base metals in those degenerated endothelial cells. Moreover,
      neither in ultrastructurally normal endothelial cells, nor in infiltrating
      macrophages of erythema nodosum-like lesions the positive deposit of chlorine or
      base metals could not be detected. The results of this analysis suggest that
      environmental factors do not play an etiologic role in this disease. Significance
      of the degeneration of endothelial cells is not clear present.

PMID- 3694721
TI  - Effect of paraquat on plasma fibronectin, serum free hydroxyproline, serum
      ceruloplasmin and lung collagen content in monkeys.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to characterize paraquat toxicity in monkeys and to
      determine the feasibility of using the monkey as an animal model for the study of
      paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis in humans. Sixteen Japanese monkeys (Macaca
      fuscata), more than 3.5 years of age, with bodyweight ranging from 3.2 kg to 10.2
      kg, were randomly divided into two groups. They were administered paraquat
      dichloride (PQ) by injection (s.c.) at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg bodyweight (12
      monkeys) or s.c. saline, at a dose of 0.2 ml/kg bodyweight (control group, 4
      monkeys), every two days for a period of four to five times. Eight monkeys
      (66.7%) from the PQ treatment groups expired due to subchronic PQ toxicity from
      days 11 to 35. Four monkeys (33.3%) from the PQ treatment group and all four
      monkeys from the control group survived the observation period of 66 days. On day
      66, all of the surviving monkeys were sacrificed and examined for possible
      histopathological changes and the lung hydroxyproline content was determined. Our
      results indicate that the concentration of free hydroxyproline and plasma
      fibronectin did not vary significantly. The serum ceruloplasmin for the monkeys
      of the PQ treatment groups was significantly increased from day 14 to 21,
      compared to the control group. Also the total lung collagen of both the expired
      and surviving monkeys in the PQ treatment groups was elevated significantly,
      compared to the control group. The monkeys can provide extensive opportunities
      for research on the mechanism and the treatment of PQ poisoning in man.

PMID- 3694722
TI  - Treatment of porcine Pseudomonas ARDS with combination drug therapy.
AB  - A combination drug therapy (Poly-5: ibuprofen 12.5 mg/kg, methylprednisolone 30
      mg/kg, cimetidine 150 mg, diphenhydramine 10 mg/kg, and ketanserin 0.2 mg/kg)
      given at 20 and 120 minutes after starting continuous intravenous Pseudomonas
      (Ps, 5 X 10(8) CFU/20 kg/min) was studied in three groups of swine: saline
      control (C, n = 9), Ps alone (Ps, n = 8), and Ps plus Poly-5 (n = 5). PaO2,
      systemic (SAP) and pulmonary arterial (PAP) pressures, cardiac index (CI),
      thermal-cardiogreen extravascular lung water (EVLW), pulmonary albumin flux
      (slope index, SI), and arterial blood serotonin levels (5-HT) were measured. Ps
      produced significant (p less than 0.05) increases in PAP, EVLW, and SI with
      decreases in PaO2, CI, and SAP. 5-HT fell significantly compared to baseline.
      Poly-5 prevented (p less than 0.05) the rise in EVLW and SI and the fall in PaO2
      and CI compared to Ps. PAP and SI were maintained at C until 90 and 150 minutes,
      respectively. SAP fell significantly from C at 30, 60, and 180 minutes. 5-HT was
      significantly lower than Ps throughout, and significantly lower than baseline at
      180 minutes. Combined blockade of arachidonic acid metabolites, histamine, and
      serotonin receptors prevented hypoxemia, increased pulmonary capillary
      permeability, and cardiovascular deterioration in this porcine septic ARDS model.

PMID- 3694723
TI  - Amelioration of pulmonary pathophysiology of adult respiratory distress syndrome
      by sulindac, a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor.
AB  - The effects of sulindac, a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, were tested in a bacteremic
      porcine model of acute respiratory failure produced by a continuous infusion of
      live Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Control groups received either a single intravenous
      dose of sulindac (6 mg/kg) 20 minutes after baseline determinations or a
      continuous infusion of Ps. aeruginosa (10(7) CFU/kg/min) beginning at time 0. The
      experimental group received both. Sulindac alone had no effect on any hemodynamic
      or gas exchange parameter. Ps. aeruginosa infusion caused pulmonary hypertension,
      hypoxemia, increased intrapulmonary shunt fraction, systemic hypotension, and
      increased extravascular lung water. Sulindac treatment reversed the pulmonary
      hypertension, hypoxemia, and increased intrapulmonary shunting, prevented the
      systemic hypotension, but had no effect on the rising extravascular lung water.

PMID- 3694724
TI  - Anterior approach and stabilization of the disrupted sacroiliac joint.
AB  - Pelvic fractures with disruption of the important weight-bearing sacroiliac area
      can lead to impaired gait due to malunion or pelvic obliquity, back or buttock
      pain arising from the sacroiliac joint, and permanent neurologic damage. In eight
      patients with sacroiliac joint dislocation, an anterior retrofascial approach and
      stapling of the sacroiliac joint was performed. Six of these patients maintained
      an anatomic reduction of the sacroiliac joint and their results were rated as
      excellent. Two of the eight patients had a slight loss of reduction and because
      of intermittent mild pain were rated as having fair results. In another eight
      patients, plate fixation of the anterior sacroiliac joint was done. New
      stabilization methods utilizing dynamic compression plates, reconstruction
      plates, and a new four-hole plate have been developed to provide more secure
      fixation of these unstable injuries.

PMID- 3694725
TI  - The 'lung in shock' as a result of hypovolemic-traumatic shock in baboons.
AB  - The "lung in shock" syndrome is a constellation of early morphologic changes in
      the lung within 1 hour after polytrauma as indicated by human lung biopsies. A
      hypovolemic-traumatic (soft-tissue trauma together with bone fractures) baboon
      model with reinfusion was established to study these morphologic and associated
      pathophysiologic events. This model was developed in order to test the efficacy
      of therapeutic modalities in future studies. Nineteen baboons (eight sham, 11
      shock) were anesthetized with spontaneous respiration while complete hemodynamic
      and blood gas monitoring was performed, along with light and electron microscopic
      studies of the lungs. Besides the usual shock-related hemodynamic disturbances
      and the metabolic acidosis, pathologic changes were found both on light and
      electron microscopy of the lungs but not on X-rays and measurements of blood
      oxygenation. In the shock group, morphologic evidence of endothelial and
      interstitial edema was associated with significant increases in lung weight. The
      fluid accumulation occurred in spite of careful control of pulmonary artery
      pressures during the study. More striking histologic findings were significant
      cellular infiltration of lung tissue, especially by leukocytes, showing evidence
      of degranulation. This baboon study, similar to studies undertaken in canines,
      shows that the hypovolemic (hemorrhagic) shock in association with trauma
      (fracture, soft-tissue trauma) causes ultrastructural morphologic changes that
      may precede potentially life-threatening functional changes in the lung.

PMID- 3694726
TI  - Flexible intramedullary nails for ipsilateral femoral and tibial fractures.
AB  - Between June 1981 and August 1983, six patients were treated with flexible
      intramedullary nails for both femoral and tibial fractures in six floating knees.
      All six patients were males averaging 26 years of age and all six were involved
      in motor vehicle accidents. Concomitant associated injuries were common. Two
      femoral and five tibial fractures were open. All fractures were stabilized within
      24 hours of injury by closed intramedullary nailing with Ender nails. At final
      followup, there was one femoral and one tibial nonunion in the same patient. For
      the remaining patients, femoral union averaged 10.3 weeks and tibial union
      averaged 18 weeks. Five patients regained full motion at the hip, and four
      regained full motion at the knee and ankle. Four patients returned to their
      preinjury level of function; two were less active, one ambulating without the use
      of external assistive devices, and one using a cane.

PMID- 3694728
TI  - Complete cricotracheal separation following blunt trauma to the neck.
AB  - We report a case of complete cricotracheal transection with wide separation of
      the ends, a rare injury. Because of the good general and respiratory condition of
      the patient on admission, the pathognomonic signs of laryngeal injury were not
      noticed, causing an unnecessary delay in treatment. Deteriorating respiratory
      status with progressing cervical subcutaneous emphysema brought up the diagnosis
      of laryngotracheal injury. Treatment was immediate and included tracheotomy and
      primary end-to-end anastomosis.

PMID- 3694727
TI  - Revaccination against tetanus 17 to 20 years after primary vaccination: kinetics
      of antibody response.
AB  - In 24 military recruits vaccinated against tetanus 17-20 years earlier antibody
      responses were studied 4, 11, and 24 days after revaccination. Antitoxin
      concentration in serum showed a sigmoid increase with titres at day 4 only just
      above protective level, corresponding to a risk of susceptibility to be expected
      even 4 days after revaccination (2.0%, 95% confidence limit). Only after 7 days
      the risk of unprotection was less than 1%. As the incubation period of tetanus
      can be as short as 24 hours, revaccination only may not be regarded sufficient if
      more than 17-20 years have elapsed since primary vaccination and conditions
      favoring rapid development of tetanus are present. The findings may explain some
      of the cases of tetanus which have occurred in spite of primary vaccination
      supplemented by emergency booster. The statement that prophylactic tetanus
      immunoglobulin is never indicated to persons completely vaccinated earlier should
      be considered for revision.

PMID- 3694730
TI  - Algorithms, growth monitoring, and nutritional intervention.

PMID- 3694729
TI  - Late appearance of arterial injury caused by fracture of the neck of the humerus.
AB  - A 65-year-old man sustained a fracture of the humeral neck. Four days later he
      suddenly developed symptoms of occlusion of the axillary artery. The fracture was
      reduced and fixated and the torn intima occluding this artery was fixated. Clots
      were removed with a Fogarty balloon catheter. Late appearance of arterial injury
      is rare and we found no reports of this complication after fracture of the
      humeral neck.

PMID- 3694731
TI  - The children and the nations in the post-war world.

PMID- 3694733
TI  - Maternal anthropometry and infant growth with exclusive breast feeding in La Paz,
      Bolivia.

PMID- 3694732
TI  - Outbreak of echo virus type 11 infection in newborn infants in a maternity ward:
      clinical presentation.

PMID- 3694734
TI  - Epidemiology of diarrhoeal diseases in Khartoum metropolitan area.

PMID- 3694735
TI  - An investigation into the iron status of children with sickle-cell disease in
      western Nigeria.

PMID- 3694736
TI  - Spatial variations of low birthweight in Cape Town.

PMID- 3694737
TI  - Role of zinc, copper, and ascorbic acid in some common clinical paediatric
      problems.

PMID- 3694738
TI  - Non-fermenting gram negative bacilli associated with acute respiratory infections
      in children in Madras.

PMID- 3694739
TI  - A nutritional survey in Santal Paraganas, India.

PMID- 3694740
TI  - Morbidity in preschool children in India.

PMID- 3694741
TI  - Head circumference values of Tswana secondary school children.

PMID- 3694742
TI  - Breast feeding and weaning in the Sudan. Contemporary patterns and influencing
      factors.

PMID- 3694743
TI  - Uniform epidermal cell proliferation in the mouse tympanic membrane.
AB  - Autoradiographic studies in mice showed epidermal cell proliferation to be
      dispersed over the whole tympanic membrane with no specific proliferative center.
      This strengthens the concept that net migration of the superficial layer of the
      stratum corneum across the tympanic membrane is the result of random insertion of
      cells into a pavement-like layer of corneocytes. We also found the cell
      proliferation rate in tympanic epidermis to be the same as that for dorsal
      epidermis in both normal mouse skin and the hyperproliferative epidermis of
      asebia mice. There was no indication of more rapid migration in tympanic
      epidermis in asebia as a result of the increased proliferation rate but rather
      increased thickness of the tympanic epidermis. There were also unusual circular
      mounds of epidermal cells in all asebia tympana, apparently due to localized
      hyperproliferation.

PMID- 3694744
TI  - A study of the ototoxicity of deferoxamine in chinchilla.
AB  - Deferoxamine is a chelating agent used for the treatment of chronic iron overload
      in patients requiring long-term blood transfusions. Audiological testing of
      patients with B-thalassemia major and steroid-unresponsive Diamond-Blackfan
      anemia who were on long-term deferoxamine treatment indicated a possible ototoxic
      side-effect. In the present study we have investigated this potential toxicity to
      the cochlea of experimental animals by monitoring electrophysiological responses
      to sound and also by histological evaluation of the cochlea. In animals having
      chronic deferoxamine treatment, there were no significant changes in cochlear
      function or morphology. Data from acutely treated animals indicated an elevation
      of cochlear response thresholds together with morphological changes at the inner
      hair-cell level. However, these changes were highly correlated with the
      respiratory depression caused by an acute general toxicity, rather than a direct
      ototoxic effect of deferoxamine.

PMID- 3694745
TI  - Premalignant lesions of the larynx: pathological prognostic factors.
AB  - Eighty-seven precancerous lesions of the larynx were studied; 46 showed
      keratosis, 31 slight dysplasias, five severe dysplasias, and five carcinomas in
      situ. The average follow-up was 3.8 years per patient, and malignant degeneration
      was observed in nine of them (10.3%). This arose on a pre-existing dysplasia in
      eight cases, and in the other on a hyperkeratosis. Dyskeratosis was observed in
      12 cases, half of which degenerated, this being the group of worst prognosis.

PMID- 3694746
TI  - Aseptic necrosis of the cricoid: a complication of tracheal intubation.
AB  - Necrosis of the cricoid is a rare complication of tracheal intubation. Almost all
      cases previously reported were purulent. A 25-year-old man presented with a
      respiratory distress, two months after 2 days of tracheal intubation. The
      posterior larynx was the site of a major inflammation with fixity of the
      arytenoids. After an emergency control of the airway in the acute phase, a
      posterior cricoid split with widening by a laryngeal stent was performed for
      treatment of sequelae. Evolutional data from clinical examinations, direct
      fiberoptic laryngoscopy, CT scan, respiratory function tests, and pathology are
      described. Successive phases of latency, then acute manifestations, then sequelae
      can be distinguished. The work-up did not reveal any sign in favor of a septic
      necrosis. A physiopathologic hypothesis is suggested, explaining the necrosis as
      an ischemic one, due to destruction of the internal perichondrium vascular
      network of the cricoid.

PMID- 3694747
TI  - The radial forearm flap in head and neck reconstruction.
AB  - The radial forearm flap has proven to be a very reliable and versatile technique
      for reconstructing head and neck defects. It is of particular value where
      segmental defects in the mandible and intraoral mucosa exist, and in
      reconstructing defects within radiated tissue. The skin of the flap drapes well
      over the radial bone to allow denture fitting. The radial bone provides an
      adequate bony strut to allow essentially normal mandibular function. In a
      previously radiated bed, the flap (from a non-irradiated area) has the virtue of
      being highly vascular, thus benefiting wound healing. The lack of bulk in the
      flap prevents separation at the site of inset as wound healing occurs. It is a
      one-stage reconstruction, and since the donor site is on the upper extremity,
      early patient mobilization is possible. The donor defect is cosmetically
      acceptable, and since it lies against the body in the position of rest, it is not
      frequently exposed. The osseous portion of the flap in a postmenopausal woman
      should be approached with caution and patients should be warned of the risk of
      radius fracture. This flap is capable of providing tissue for reconstruction of
      the head and neck and should be considered for closure of all major defects,
      particularly those with bone defects or in defects created postirradiation.

PMID- 3694748
TI  - Bilateral spontaneous temporomandibular joint herniation into the external
      auditory canal.
AB  - The clinical and radiological findings in the first case in the literature of
      spontaneous, bilateral and asymptomatic herniation of soft tissue from the
      temporomandibular joint into the anterior wall of the external canal are
      presented. With the patient's mouth closed, the herniations appeared as a dome
      shaped swelling located on the anterior wall of each bony external auditory
      canal. With the patient's mouth opened, the dome-shaped swellings were retracted
      anteriorly, producing an invagination of the skin of the external canal at the
      site of the previous herniation. A high resolution CT scan of the temporal bones
      revealed that the soft tissue of both temporomandibular joints was protruding
      through a congenital dehiscence in the anterior wall of the tympanic bones.

PMID- 3694749
TI  - Digitalized auto-septoplasty.
AB  - The authors describe the first case of auto-septoplasty. The technique is
      detailed, and future prospects considered.

PMID- 3694750
TI  - Clotrimazole powder in the treatment of otomycosis.

PMID- 3694752
TI  - Life history of patients with transient ischemic attacks and essentially normal
      angiograms.
AB  - Eighty-three patients, 43 women and 40 men, with hemispheric transient ischemic
      attacks (TIAs) and normal angiograms were studied. Fifty-two of the patients had
      a single episode of transient ischemia, whereas 31 had multiple episodes
      prompting initial evaluation. Follow-up ranging from 3 to 132 months was obtained
      for all patients. In this period, six patients suffered a cerebrovascular
      accident and five had further hemispheric TIAs. These results are in contrast to
      our earlier data, which suggested a benign prognosis in this group of patients.
      Results of this updated study show that the prognosis of patients with
      hemispheric TIAs and normal angiograms is not so benign as originally reported.
      Those patients with multiple events before initial evaluation are at increased
      risk of subsequent cerebrovascular accident or TIA. Close observation of this
      group of patients is recommended.

PMID- 3694751
TI  - A microcomputer-based system for the management of vascular surgical references.
AB  - As the number and diversity of contributions to the medical literature continue
      to grow at an astronomic rate, vascular surgeons are feeling increasingly
      frustrated in their efforts to remain current with the latest developments in
      their specialty. The introduction of powerful, inexpensive microcomputers and
      "user-friendly" programs for data base management has made it possible to
      organize large amounts of information for subsequent review. Using such a
      microcomputer-based system, we developed a practical approach to the storage and
      retrieval of vascular surgical references, which permits virtually unlimited
      numbers of articles to be catalogued and quickly retrieved with multiple search
      parameters. This system has been operational in our Division of Vascular Surgery
      for nearly a year and currently contains more than 3000 journal articles that are
      readily available for resident teaching, patient care, and research.

PMID- 3694753
TI  - High-risk aortic aneurysm repair with partial cardiopulmonary bypass.
AB  - Two patients with severe cardiac dysfunction and measured left ventricular
      ejection fractions of 18% and 20% underwent aneurysm repair with the use of
      femoral vein--femoral artery partial cardiopulmonary bypass. While the aorta was
      clamped, blood was withdrawn through the venous cannula, and oxygenated blood was
      delivered to the legs through the arterial cannula. This procedure allowed
      clamping and unclamping of the aorta to proceed without hemodynamic fluctuation.
      Intraoperatively, cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, pulmonary artery
      diastolic pressure, right atrial pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure,
      and systemic vascular resistance were measured. Both patients recovered, which
      indicates that this technique may be safely undertaken in the severely
      compromised patient with cardiac disease.

PMID- 3694754
TI  - Surgical treatment of renal cell carcinoma involving the inferior vena cava.
AB  - Renal cell carcinoma extends into the inferior vena cava in 5% of patients
      undergoing exploratory surgery for this malignancy. If the tumor is left
      unresected, death within 1 year is certain. In addition, caval occlusion may
      result in massive lower extremity edema, ascites, hepatic failure, and pulmonary
      embolus. During the past 17 years, 12 patients with renal cell carcinoma
      extending into the inferior vena cava were treated at a single institution by
      radical nephrectomy and caval tumor extraction. There were 10 men (83%) and ages
      ranged from 50 to 78 years (mean 63 years). There was one operative death (8%)
      caused by refractory coagulopathy. Long-term follow-up was achieved for all
      survivors. One- and 3-year survival rates by life-table method were 73% and 27%,
      respectively. Mean survival time after resection was 32 months. Careful
      preoperative planning is essential. The optimal approach for venacaval tumor
      extraction or resection is dictated by the cephalad extent of tumor seen on
      preoperative thoracoabdominal CT scan, ultrasound, or inferior venacavography.
      Disease limited to the infrahepatic vena cava is best approached with a
      thoracoabdominal incision through the eighth intercostal space. Extension of
      tumor to the hepatic veins or right atrium requires median sternotomy in
      combination with an abdominal incision for complete removal. An ellipse of vena
      cava around the origin of the renal vein is excised with the specimen. The
      resultant incision is closed by lateral phleborrhaphy. Late sequelae of the mild
      caval narrowing were not observed. An aggressive multispecialty surgical policy
      for caval extraction and resection of renal cell carcinoma resulted in extended
      patient survival and excellent palliation.

PMID- 3694755
TI  - Effects of lodoxamide tromethamine on paraplegia that occurs after infrarenal
      aortic occlusion in the rabbit.
AB  - The antioxidant lodoxamide tromethamine was assessed for effects on experimental
      spinal cord ischemia in the rabbit. Lodoxamide (20 mg/kg/hr) or 0.9% sodium
      chloride was infused beginning 15 minutes before infrarenal aortic occlusion and
      continuing for 105 minutes. With an occlusion time of 20 minutes, eight of eight
      lodoxamide-treated animals and five of eight saline-treated animals regained
      function after reperfusion. However, by 48 hours after occlusion, seven of eight
      saline-treated animals were completely paralyzed, whereas only two of eight
      lodoxamide-treated animals were paralyzed. An ischemia time of 30 minutes
      exceeded the protective capacity of this treatment. These results suggest
      lodoxamide may be useful in alleviating ischemic damage to the spinal cord.

PMID- 3694756
TI  - Preoperative predictors of mortality risk in ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm.
AB  - A retrospective review of 106 cases of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm was
      undertaken to determine whether analysis of preoperative variables might be
      predictive of death in this condition. Thirty variables were analyzed by
      univariate and multivariate methods. Statistically significant differences
      between survivors and nonsurvivors were noted for 12 of 30 factors when analyzed
      with univariate tests. Multivariate analysis with stepwise logistic regression
      demonstrated that elevation of the unmeasured anion gap, a history of congestive
      heart failure, and the patient's level of consciousness before operation were
      significantly and independently associated with death. Coefficients generated
      from this model allowed stratification of patients into four risk groups with
      respective mortality rates of 100%, 75%, 28%, and 12%. We conclude that it is
      possible to assign a mortality risk score to individual cases of ruptured
      abdominal aortic aneurysm on the basis of readily available clinical and
      laboratory parameters. A prospective study to address this question seems
      justified.

PMID- 3694757
TI  - Infrarenal venous anomalies and aortic surgery: avoiding vascular injury.
AB  - Anomalies of the left renal vein (retroaortic left renal vein and left renal vein
      collar) and the inferior vena cava (left-sided inferior vena cava and caval
      duplication) occur relatively infrequently but pose potential hazards to the
      surgeon during aortic repair. We report the cases of three patients in which one
      or a combination of these anomalies of the renal vein and inferior vena cava was
      present. The embryologic origins of each of the anomalies are discussed, and
      suggestions, both surgical and nonsurgical, are proposed that might aid the
      surgeon in avoiding injury and subsequent bleeding from these anomalous
      structures during surgical operations on the abdominal aorta.

PMID- 3694758
TI  - Iliofemoral venous obstruction without thrombosis.
AB  - Nonthrombotic iliofemoral venous obstruction, masquerading as deep vein
      thrombosis, was diagnosed in four patients. In each instance the patient was
      hospitalized and intravenous heparin therapy was started. Phlebography
      demonstrated venous outflow obstruction without thrombosis; subsequent CT
      scanning revealed an obstructing lesion in each case. At surgical exploration,
      (1) endoaneurysmorrhaphy of a hypogastric artery aneurysm decompressed an
      obstructed right iliac vein; (2) a primary iliac vein leiomyosarcoma was
      extirpated; (3) a synovial cyst arising from the right hip joint, which
      obstructed the femoral vein, was excised; and, (4) a postherniorrhaphy
      inflammatory mass obstructing the left iliofemoral vein junction was confirmed
      with biopsy results. Improved diagnostic accuracy with its attendant specific
      therapy is achieved in suspected cases of iliofemoral vein thrombosis if, in
      addition to noninvasive venous studies or phlebography, CT scanning of the
      abdomen and pelvis is performed.

PMID- 3694759
TI  - Diagnosis by computed tomography of arteriovenous fistula complicating ruptured
      iliac artery aneurysm.
AB  - Isolated iliac artery aneurysms comprise less than 1% of all arteriosclerotic
      aneurysms. Spontaneous iliac arteriovenous fistula is a rare complication of
      these aneurysms with only 16 cases previously described. The diagnosis depends on
      a strong clinical suspicion and usually requires angiography for confirmation. We
      report a case in which CT with contrast medium showed clear findings of a
      spontaneous iliac arteriovenous fistula complicating rupture of an isolated iliac
      artery aneurysm. CT findings included: (1) iliac artery aneurysm, (2) vena caval
      dilatation, (3) rapid flow of contrast medium from the arterial side into the
      dilated inferior vena cava on dynamic scanning, (4) increased density of the
      inferior vena cava similar to that of the aorta caused by entry through the
      fistula of blood with a high concentration of iodinated contrast medium, and (5)
      the actual fistula connecting the two vessels.

PMID- 3694761
TI  - Vascular surgery in the United States. Report of the Joint Society for Vascular
      Surgery--International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery Committee on Vascular
      Surgical Manpower.
AB  - The Joint Committee on Vascular Surgical Manpower was established in 1985 by the
      Society for Vascular Surgery and the North American Chapter of the International
      Society for Cardiovascular Surgery. It was charged to provide recommendations
      regarding vascular surgical manpower requirements for the next 15 years. Analysis
      of National Center for Health Statistics vascular operative rate data and 1690
      questionnaire responses from vascular surgeons documented that vascular surgeons
      performed 235,400 (41%) of the total of 571,000 vascular operations undertaken in
      1985. Vascular surgeons performed 87% of 30,000 aortoiliofemoral reconstructions,
      77% of 72,000 peripheral vessel bypasses, 75% of 33,000 abdominal aortic aneurysm
      repairs, 59% of 55,000 angioaccess procedures, and 50% of 107,000 carotid
      endarterectomies. However, lack of accurate data on caseloads of surgeons who
      were not vascular specialists precludes precise prediction of manpower
      requirements for vascular surgery. It is important that surgical leaders and
      policy makers define the types of vascular surgical procedures that may be
      undertaken by vascular and other surgeons. Ongoing analyses must include such
      determinations to establish accurate data for the prediction of future manpower
      needs for vascular surgery. Furthermore, future manpower studies should be linked
      to outcome studies to assess not only numbers of surgeons and operations but
      quality of care as well.

PMID- 3694760
TI  - Accidental placement of the Greenfield filter in the heart: report of two cases.
AB  - The Greenfield filter has become the most popular device for interruption of the
      inferior vena cava; however, a potential for lethal complications exists. We
      report two cases in which this filter was accidentally released in the heart. To
      avoid this problem, it is recommended that the guide wire be positioned in the
      inferior vena cava before the introducer is inserted into the venous system.

PMID- 3694762
TI  - Superficial femoral-popliteal veins and reversed saphenous veins as primary
      femoropopliteal bypass grafts: a randomized comparative study.

PMID- 3694763
TI  - Study on left atrial contractile performance--participation of Frank-Starling
      mechanism.
AB  - We estimated the magnitude of the left atrial contraction in 28 patients with
      ischemic heart disease by calculating the biplane cineangiographic volumes of the
      left atrium. The left atrial contraction contribution to the left ventricular
      stroke volume (ml/m2, Y axis) correlated inversely with the left ventricular
      ejection fraction (%, X axis), yielding an equation: Y = -0.31X + 43.7 (n = 28, r
      = -0.56, p less than 0.001). The result indicates that the left ventricular
      filling is compensated by the augmented atrial contraction in case of impaired
      left ventricular function. We defined the left atrial volume at the beginning of
      the atrial contraction (LAVd, ml/m2) as the "preload" of the left atrium, and we
      also defined the volume expelled by the active atrial contraction (delta LAVa,
      ml/m2) as the stroke volume of the left atrium. The stroke volume (Y) correlated
      positively with the "preload" (X), yielding an equation: Y = 0.48X - 1.3 (n = 28,
      r = 0.80, p less than 0.001). We then defined the left ventricular end-diastolic
      pressure, the peak of the a-wave, as the "afterload" of the left atrium, and we
      studied the "afterload"-stroke volume relations in the left atrium. However as
      expected, a reasonable relationship between them was difficult to form.
      Consequently, we showed that an increase in the "preload" of the left atrium
      augmented the stroke volume of the left atrium, which means that Frank-Starling
      mechanism is operative in the left atrium.

PMID- 3694764
TI  - Acute hemodynamic effects of dopamine, dobutamine, and isoproterenol in congested
      infants or young children with large ventricular septal defect.
AB  - We studied the acute hemodynamic effects of dopamine, dobutamine, and
      isoproterenol in infants and young children with large ventricular septal defect
      (VSD). Dopamine (5 micrograms/kg/min) had no significant hemodynamic effects.
      Dobutamine (5 micrograms/kg/min) administration resulted in modest increases in
      heart rate and systemic arterial pressure and a decrease in left atrial pressure.
      This drug decreased the pulmonary blood flow, and the pulmonary-to-systemic blood
      flow (Qp/Qs) ratio, although these changes were not statistically significant.
      Isoproterenol, infused at doses of 0.03 and 0.06 micrograms/kg/min, increased the
      heart rate and lowered left atrial pressure. Only the high dose of isoproterenol
      lowered systemic and pulmonary arterial pressure. The low dose infusion of this
      drug increased the pulmonary blood flow as well as the systemic flow, whereas the
      high dose infusion resulted in a decrease of the Qp/Qs ratio without an increase
      in the pulmonary blood flow. Right atrial pressure was lowered by dobutamine and
      the high dose of isoproterenol, but the mean change was only 1 to 2 mmHg. The
      difference of the effects among these catecholamines is due to their relative
      strength of action on the vascular bed and the myocardium. Although the doses and
      durations of the drug infusions were limited, these acute hemodynamic effects
      should be taken into account when they are to be given to congested infants and
      young children with large VSD.

PMID- 3694766
TI  - A case of atrial septal aneurysm in normal heart.
AB  - Atrial septal aneurysms are rare, usually associated with congenital heart
      disease causing atrial pressure elevation. We describe here a case of atrial
      septal aneurysm with no other cardiac abnormalities that was diagnosed by two
      dimensional echocardiography.

PMID- 3694765
TI  - Protective effects of superoxide dismutase against oxygen toxicity in rat's heart
      lung preparation.
AB  - Oxygen toxicity in the non-ischemic and non-hypoxic heart has not been reported.
      In an experiment on isolated rat heart lung preparation, the effects of
      superoxide dismutase (SOD) on oxygen toxicity during hyperoxic perfusion were
      evaluated with intramyocardial high energy phosphates and the release of creatine
      phosphokinase (CPK) in the perfusate blood. Although there were no significant
      differences in high energy phosphates between SOD-treated and untreated hearts,
      the CPK release from the SOD-treated hearts was significantly less than from the
      untreated hearts. SOD increased the oxygen pressure of perfusate blood, too.
      These results indicate that hyperoxia induced cardiac and lung cell damage which
      was protected by SOD.

PMID- 3694767
TI  - Major causes of death from acute myocardial infarction in a coronary care unit.
AB  - In order to define indications for newly developing aggressive managements for
      patients with acute myocardial infarction, an analysis of therapeutic results was
      made on 1,060 patients admitted to our coronary care unit (CCU). The total
      mortality was 14.9%, and 143 patients (13.5%) died from cardiac complications.
      These 143 patients were divided according to causes of death listed in Killip's
      classification. In the Killip class 4 group, mortality was as high as 86.6%, and
      all patients with previous infarction and/or hemodynamic abnormality of
      Forrester's subset 4 died. Pump failure caused death in 100 patients, of whom 69
      were in a state of cardiogenic shock at the time of their admission. On the other
      hand, 58 patients, accounting for 40.6% of the cardiac deaths, were in Killip's
      class 1 or 2 at admission. In these 58 patients, 23 died from free wall rupture
      and/or perforation of the interventricular septum. Another 27 patients expired
      from reinfarction or infarct size extension and/or post-infarction angina. Thus,
      we can say that the major causes of death of patients in CCU are cardiogenic
      shock, reinfarction and cardiac rupture. We could not save these patients by
      using conventional CCU managements. Newly developing aggressive techniques, such
      as intracoronary thrombolysis and artificial hearts, seem to be indicated for
      these potentially fatal patients, while the effectiveness of these techniques
      should be verified as to such patients.

PMID- 3694769
TI  - Surgery for complications due to myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3694768
TI  - Evaluation of coronary revascularization for ischemic heart disease: in the
      consecutive 200 cases.
AB  - The elective simple coronary revascularization in the last consecutive 200
      patients were analyzed in this study. Despite of the increase in older patients
      who have more high risk factors, including low left ventricular ejection fraction
      (LVEF) and multiple vessel disease, there were no operative deaths in the second
      100 patients. The use of calcium antagonist in patients with a history of spastic
      angina eliminated episodes of spastic angina in the perioperative period. In the
      late postoperative period, there were no cardiac deaths during the 7-year follow
      up period. Angina remained in two of three patients with the patent grafts, who
      had a history of spastic angina. Hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus influenced
      occlusion of the grafts and progression of atherosclerosis of native coronary
      arteries and then four of five reoperations. Exercise tolerance in patients, even
      those with preoperative low LVEF, has been improved although their was some
      increment of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure during exercise. Patency
      rate in sequential grafting with saphenous vein grafts or internal mammary artery
      grafts were 92% in the average follow-up period of 11 months. The increase of
      flow rate with nitroglycerine and atrial pacing in internal mammary artery grafts
      (IMAG) were comparable with saphenous vein grafts.

PMID- 3694770
TI  - Limitation of coronary thrombolysis: experimental study of reperfusion after
      ischemia.
AB  - Contraction band necrosis (CBN), coagulation necrosis (CN) and infarct size,
      expressed as CBN + CN, were quantitatively analyzed in 15 pig hearts without
      collateral circulation. The left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated
      for 60 and 120 minutes and then reperfused for eight hours (group 1 and 2,
      respectively). Five hearts were not reperfused (group 3). There was no change in
      hemodynamics with either occlusion or reperfusion. Regional myocardial blood
      flow, measured by the generated hydrogen gas clearance method, decreased to
      almost zero after occlusion but recovered during reperfusion. Percent infarct
      area of the perfused area in group 1, 2 and 3 were 80 +/- 9, 96 +/- 2% and 95 +/-
      3%, respectively. The percent area of CBN was 68 +/- 11% in group 1, 2 +/- 1% in
      group 2 and 2 +/- 2% in group 3. We conclude that in pig hearts without
      collateral circulation, the transmural infarct, two-thirds of which is occupied
      by CBN, is evident even in reperfusion following one-hour occlusion. Therefore,
      in patients with acute myocardial infarction, coronary thrombolysis should be
      performed within one hour after the onset of the infarction to reduce the infarct
      size.

PMID- 3694771
TI  - LDL-apheresis; potential procedure for prevention and regression of atheromatous
      vascular lesion.
AB  - Nine patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), 6 with homozygotes and 3
      with heterozygotes, were treated with long term repetitive LDL-apheresis. The
      techniques are simple plasma exchange with human albumin solution, double
      membrane filtration, and selective LDL-adsorption by dextran sulfate-cellulose
      gel. The average term was 3.5 years except for the two homozygotes for whom the
      treatment was only initiated in our facility. Plasma total cholesterol levels
      were controlled between pretreating level, 320 to 500 mg/dl, and posttreating
      level, 100 to 160 mg/dl, by biweekly treatments. All patients showed remarkable
      improvement of cutaneous and tendinous xanthomas. One homozygous patient died at
      31 years old of myocardial infarction after 2 years of treatment. A homozygous
      patient who has been treated since 5 years old for 6 years was reexamined by
      angiography and was shown to have atheromatous lesions regressed in the aortic
      valve region and in the left renal artery.

PMID- 3694773
TI  - [Effects of intravenous or subarachnoid butorphanol on cerebral and spinal cord
      hemodynamics in dogs].

PMID- 3694772
TI  - [Cerebral protection by anesthetics during incomplete brain ischemia].

PMID- 3694774
TI  - [Effects of halothane anesthesia on sympatho-adrenal function in rats].

PMID- 3694775
TI  - [Catecholamines and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the patients with
      pheochromocytoma during surgery].

PMID- 3694777
TI  - [Is minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC) affected by liver
      dysfunction?--MAC in rats with liver cirrhosis].

PMID- 3694776
TI  - [A comparative study of the depressive effects of halothane and enflurane on
      medullary respiratory neuron in cats].

PMID- 3694778
TI  - [Effect of halothane on respiratory impedance determined by forced oscillation
      method with random noise].

PMID- 3694780
TI  - [Fluid-loading test for determination of dehydration and hydration].

PMID- 3694779
TI  - [Perioperative body weight measurements in patients for cardiac surgery with
      cardiopulmonary bypass].

PMID- 3694781
TI  - [Anesthetic management for cesarean section in an achondroplastic dwarf with
      lumbar spinal canal stenosis].

PMID- 3694782
TI  - [Sevoflurane anesthesia for a removal of recurrent malignant pheochromocytoma].

PMID- 3694783
TI  - [Anesthetic management of a patient with Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome].

PMID- 3694784
TI  - [Hemodynamics in patients during anaphylactoid reactions associated with blood
      transfusion during anesthesia--three case reports].

PMID- 3694785
TI  - [Effect of norfloxacin on bacterial flora in human feces].
AB  - Norfloxacin (NFLX), a synthetic oral antibacterial agent of quinolone carboxylic
      acid, was given orally for 5 full days at a dose of 200 mg, three times daily
      after each meal to healthy normal men with ages between 22 and 25 years weighing
      53.0 to 84.0 kg (average 67.0 kg). The actual regimen followed was that the drug
      was administered twice after lunch and supper on the first day of dosing, and
      once after breakfast on the last day of dosing. On the 5th day before the start
      of dosing, on the first, 3rd and 5th days (last dosing day) of dosing, and on the
      3rd, 5th, 10th and 20th days after the end of dosing, effects of the drug on the
      fecal flora were examined and its fecal levels were determined. Susceptibilities
      against NFLX and nalidixic acid (NA) of various fecal isolates from 7 men were
      determined. Adverse effects and influences on clinical laboratory tests were also
      examined. The results obtained are summarized below. 1. Following the drug
      administration, a transient decrease or disappearance of Escherichia coli,
      Klebsiella sp., Citrobacter sp. and Enterobacter sp. of Enterobacteriaceae was
      noted. The 3 strains other than E. coli were isolated from increasing number of
      cases after the end of dosing. No constant trend was observed in the isolation of
      Proteus sp. Organisms belong to Enterobacteriaceae were isolated only in 4 and 2
      cases after 3 and 5 days of the start of dosing, respectively, but then gradually
      increased to the predose level. Among other Gram-negative bacteria, no constant
      trend was noted in the isolation frequency of Plesiomonas sp. Pseudomonas sp. was
      isolated from 6 and 5 cases on the 3rd day after dosing and on the 3rd day after
      the end of dosing, respectively; the frequency of isolation increased after
      dosing. Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus sp. were isolated with a
      reduced frequency on the 3rd day of dosing. However, the number of isolates
      increased in all cases both on the 5th day of dosing and on the 3rd day after the
      end of dosing, and then decreased. No change was noticed in the number of
      isolates of Enterococcus sp., and no constant trend was observed for Micrococcus
      sp. and YLO. The average count of the whole aerobic bacteria did not change. Some
      strains decreased significantly after the start of dosing. 2. Among anaerobes,
      Bacteroides fragilis and other Bacteroides were isolated on every test
      day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3694786
TI  - [Clinical studies on cefuzonam in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].
AB  - Cefuzonam (CZON, L-105), a cephem type antibiotic, was clinically studied in the
      field of obstetrics and gynecology. The results are summarized as follows: CZON 1
      2 g was administered by injection twice daily to 11 cases of infections (4 of
      endometritis, 2 of pyometra, 3 of adnexitis and peritonitis, 1 of abdominal
      abscess, and 1 of puerperal fever). Clinical efficacy was excellent in 2 cases
      and good in 9 cases, with a very high overall efficacy rate of 100%. Slight
      elevations of GOT and GPT in 1 case were noted in clinical laboratory tests. No
      side effects attributable to the drug were noted. CZON is considered to be a
      useful drug for obstetric and gynecological infections.

PMID- 3694787
TI  - [Fundamental and clinical studies on cefuzonam in the field of obstetrics and
      gynecology].
AB  - Fundamental and clinical studies on cefuzonam (CZON, L-105), a new cephem
      antibiotic, were carried out. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1.
      Upon drip infusion of 1 g CZON, a good transfer of the drug into female genital
      organ was observed. The transfer of CZON into exudates of the pelvic dead space
      was also good. 2. Clinical efficacy of CZON was good in 1 case we tested. No side
      effect was observed.

PMID- 3694788
TI  - [Evaluation of oral amphotericin B with serial measurement of the serum
      concentration in patients with leukemia and related disorders].
AB  - A total of 10 episodes in 7 patients with leukemia or related disorders was
      treated with oral amphotericin B (AMPH). In 8 episodes AMPH were used
      prophylactically for severe neutropenia, and in the remaining 2 it was given when
      the patients were feverish. A daily dose of 2,400 mg of AMPH was given orally
      once a day and serum concentrations of AMPH were determined serially with
      bioassay. Two hours after administration, the mean serum concentration of AMPH
      rose to 0.15 microgram/ml, and reached 0.27 microgram/ml after 24 hours. The
      concentration was maintained between 0.23 microgram/ml and 0.39 microgram/ml
      through the following 7 days. These concentrations exceed the minimal inhibitory
      concentrations of most strains of Candida albicans. In 8 occasions of
      prophylactic use, no fungal infection was encountered. In a patient with
      pneumonia, chest X-ray and physical findings improved with administration of oral
      AMPH. Side effect of AMPH was seen in 1 patient, which was mild proteinuria and
      was eased rapidly after the withdrawal of AMPH. Clinical laboratory tests showed
      1 case of proteinuria and disorder of kidney but did not clear under influence of
      AMPH. These results suggest that oral administration of AMPH is clinically and
      therapeutically effective and relatively safe for the prophylaxis or the
      treatment of fungal infection in patients with leukemia or related disorders.

PMID- 3694789
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of aspoxicillin in pediatric patients].
AB  - Since the efficacy and the safety of aspoxicillin (ASPC, TA-058) have been
      established on adult patients and the need of ASPC use on pediatric patients was
      anticipated, we performed a 16 center study on the clinical utility of ASPC in
      pediatric patients. 1. Pharmacokinetics ASPC was intravenously administered to 45
      patients at a dose of 10, 20 or 40 mg/kg by one shot. Serum concentrations of
      ASPC were dependent of dose levels, and maximum levels of 58.4-230.8
      micrograms/ml and half-lives (beta) of 1.08-1.16 hours were observed. Urinary
      recovery rates were 62.7-67.2% in 6 hours. Results obtained upon drip infusions
      (0.5-1 hour) were similar to one shot injections. 2. Clinical results (1)
      Clinical effectiveness Of 318 evaluable patients including 175 boys and 143
      girls, 18.2% were nurslings and 61% were young children under 4 years of age. One
      hundred eighty six patients from whom causative organisms were isolated were
      classified as A group. Among them were 5 patients suffered with sepsis, but the
      ASPC treatment eradicated all the bacteria but Salmonella java in 1 case. All of
      4 patients with meningitis were cured and all causative organisms (3 cases with
      Haemophilus influenzae and 1 case with Gram-positive coccus) were eradicated.
      Cure rates were 90% for 130 patients with respiratory tract infection, 88.6% for
      35 with urinary tract infection, 85.7% for 7 with skin soft tissue infection and
      89.8% for all the A group patients. Meanwhile, no causative organisms were
      isolated from 132 patients (B group patients) but cure rate of 91.7% was obtained
      for this group. No statistical difference was observed between A and B groups.
      For all the patients (318), the cure rate was 90.6%. (2) Bacteriological effects
      Of 63 Gram-positive bacteria isolated as pathogens, 58 strains were eradicated.
      Of 117 Gram-negative bacterial, 101 were eradicated. The eradication rate on all
      180 strains was 88.3%. Overall, ASPC showed excellent effects against
      Streptococcus. Among strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 18 of 20 strains were
      eradicated. Of 59 strains of H. influenzae, 52 were eradicated and 3 decreased.
      Among strains of Escherichia coli, 25 of 28 strains were eradicated. Of
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 2 strains were decreased and one was unchanged. (3) ASPC
      was effective in 93.3% of 30 patients with serious infections and 79.2% of 72
      patients with underlying diseases. Cure rates for patients with and without
      underlying disease were significantly different statistically (chi 2: P less than
      0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3694790
TI  - [Enhanced susceptibility of diabetic mice to gram-negative organisms].

PMID- 3694791
TI  - [Therapeutic ratio in radiotherapy--clinical analysis and strategy].
AB  - The purpose of this paper is to report the clinical analysis and radiation
      strategy for cancer in the therapeutic ratio (T.R.) which were decided on
      relationship between tumor lethal dose and tissue tolerance. T.R. was first
      described at 1936, 40 years after discovering X-ray, by Holthusen. It is the
      basic principle of Radiotherapy for Radiation Oncologist. Radiotherapy must be
      planned on basing T.R. which is decided after estimating tumor factor, normal
      tissue tolerance, and host condition. In recent years, not only early skin
      reaction but late deep organs effects should be considered on T.R. because
      radiation energy has become higher from KeV era to MeV. The Optimum radiation
      methods has been investigated according to consider T.R.

PMID- 3694792
TI  - [Volume effect models in radiation therapy].
AB  - In radiation therapy, it is clearly recognized that the isoeffect dose of normal
      tissue decreases with the increase of the area or the volume of tissue
      irradiated, so that a marked change in therapeutic ratio occurs when large tumor
      is treated. This relationship has been called "volume effect" and several models
      such as power law relationship, volume dose histogram and integral probability
      have been developed to quantify the effect. Although the delivery of these models
      are based on clinical data, there is a wide variation between models and each
      model can be applied under restricted conditions. In order to develop reliable
      volume effect model theoretically and empirically, further studies with enough
      and suitable clinical data will be required.

PMID- 3694793
TI  - [The optimized dosage specific for different organs with regard to late effect].
AB  - Clinical and experimental evidence indicates that the optimized dosage may be
      different from organ to organ. In an effort to find an optimized dosage for
      laryngeal cancer treated in our department, the NSD-TDF concept and linear
      quadratic (LQ) model were employed. The dose-fractionations using 2.5 Gy per
      fraction gave better results in terms of local control and complications than
      those using bigger fraction size and shorter treatment period. It is generally
      agreed that the maxillary cancer is best managed by combined radiation and
      surgery with or without chemotherapy. When irradiation is given in 16 fractions
      over 4 weeks, the local control and survival were decreased with increasing total
      dose, suggesting the presence of the supra-lethal dose phenomenon which was first
      mentioned by the Manchester group. The optimized dosage for carcinoma of the
      uterine cervix is more complicated, because both the external irradiation and
      intracavitary irradiation are combined for this disease. Our clinical data
      indicated that the optimal fractionation is: 50 Gy of total pelvic irradiation
      with the last 10-15 Gy given using a central shielding followed by RALS treatment
      delivering 30 Gy in 6 fractions at point A.

PMID- 3694794
TI  - [Factors influencing the response of normal tissue to radiation].
AB  - The dose modifying effects of the age, anatomic location of the normal tissue,
      positioning of animal during irradiation, preliminary treatment, number of
      fractions and time interval between doses on response of the normal tissues to
      radiation were studied, using various kinds of response of mouse hind legs such
      as early skin reaction, epilation, skin contraction, ulcer formation, leg
      contraction and growth retardation of femur. The dose modifying factors varied
      with the kinds and the levels of injuries, meaning that it is very important to
      define what the critical normal tissue is and its end point first of all, when we
      discuss the dose modifying factors with respect to the therapeutic gain factors.

PMID- 3694795
TI  - [Tumor progression and tumor stem cell heterogeneity in relation to tumor
      radioresistance].
AB  - Intertumor heterogeneity among human tumors of similar size and of narrowly
      defined type has been evidenced as a shallow dose-response relationship for local
      tumor control. Tumor progression in variable degrees and its resultant tumor stem
      cell heterogeneity are considered as major factors for the intertumor
      heterogeneity. Various factors including abnormal ploidy, thymidine labeling
      index and oncogene amplification are discussed in relation to tumor progression.
      Predictive and quantitative method of assay for tumor progression is considered
      important for the selection of treatment modalities.

PMID- 3694796
TI  - [Cellular responses to multifractionated irradiations].
AB  - Several models for dose survival curves in vitro had been proposed by many
      target, linear quadratic and so on. One of them is a linear quadratic (LQ) model
      which is described by the equation of E = e-(alpha d + beta d2). Also, the
      alpha/beta radio for radiation responses of normal or tumor tissues can be
      determined by their iso-effect relationships. Recently, the studies of LQ model
      in vitro and in vivo induced to new regimens of radiation therapy:
      hyperfractionation and superfractionation. The studies for cell growth in
      multifractionation indicated that the irradiated cells can grow within 4
      fractions with daily dose of 2 Gy, thereafter an accumulation of G1 and G2 block
      were observed. However cell growing fraction seems to be relatively few in the
      irradiation conditions of more than 3 Gy of daily dose.

PMID- 3694797
TI  - [Brachytherapy--carcinoma of the tongue].
AB  - In a review of 193 patients with carcinoma of the tongue who underwent
      interstitial radiotherapy in our hospital from November 1978 to 1986, 5 year
      actuarial local control rate were 97%, 87%, 58% and 77% for T1, T2, T3 and T4
      respectively. Mucosal ulcers with tissue defects and bone exposure of the
      mandible occurred in 5 years after the treatments, 6%, 22%, 44%, and 100% for T1,
      T2, T3 and T4, respectively. Therapeutic ratio was 1 in patients with T1 who
      underwent interstitial radiotherapy (70 Gy/7 days) alone while it was less than 1
      in those with T2 or more. Therapeutic gain factor was less than 1 in patients
      with combined external radiotherapy.

PMID- 3694798
TI  - [Considerations on intraoperative radiation therapy and therapeutic ratio].
AB  - In conjunction with the clinical development of intraoperative radiation therapy
      (IORT), the ability to demonstrate an improvement in therapeutic ratio is
      critical and an evaluation of treatment complications is essential. The tolerance
      dose of the normal tissue in IORT is discussed, and if small field is applied,
      the greater part of tissues or organs tolerate intraoperative irradiations up to
      25 Gy. The optimal dose has been estimated on each organs with malignant tumors.
      Intraoperative "boost" dose electron therapy given in combination with external
      beam irradiation has been demonstrated as good treatment modalities concerning
      with therapeutic ratio.

PMID- 3694799
TI  - [Effectiveness of the field-within-a-field technic in radiation treatment].
AB  - Field within a field technique in radiation therapy is one of the methods in
      order to improve the dosimetric factor, which makes inner small field in the
      outer large field. This method makes it possible to increase the dosage of
      radiation to the inner small field without increasing the overall time, because
      both of the fields are irradiated simultaneously. In other words, it is intended
      to relieve symptoms rapidly and improve the local control rate. As it is usefull
      and safety, it should be considered in radiotherapy of cancer.

PMID- 3694800
TI  - [The problems of combining chemotherapy and radiotherapy].
AB  - The purpose of combined chemotherapy (CT) and radiotherapy (RT) is to improve the
      therapeutic ratio. The increase of the Therapeutic Gain Factor in combination of
      the two modalities may be obtained by the following methods; 1) the use of CT and
      RT under consideration of the difference of the sensitivities of cell cycle 2)
      the development of the effective drugs to the resting cells such as PLDR
      inhibitors 3) optimal time sequence between drug and radiation administration 4)
      the use of drugs by their selective toxicities toward oxygenated and hypoxic
      tumor cells. 5) the use of hyperthermia 6) increased drug delivery and uptake.

PMID- 3694801
TI  - [The significance of bronchoscopic findings as a prognostic factor in inoperable
      adenocarcinoma of the lung].
AB  - The clinical value of bronchoscopic findings as a prognostic factor has been
      studied in 136 cases with an inoperable adenocarcinoma of the lung. The survival
      time in 107 cases with pathological bronchoscopic findings was significantly
      shorter than in 29 cases without pathological bronchoscopic findings. In the
      three subtypes of bronchoscopic findings, classified according to the tumor
      proliferation pattern, i.e. polypoid type, submucosal type and exposing type, the
      exposing type proved to have the worst prognosis. In addition, our study suggests
      that the level of infiltrated bronchus is related to the survival time. The more
      central the tumor infiltration, the worse the prognosis.

PMID- 3694802
TI  - [Effectiveness of radiation therapy in metastatic bone tumors].
AB  - The effectiveness of radiation therapy for metastatic bone tumor in 61 patients
      with 80 lesions has been evaluated. Relief from pain resulted in 87% all the
      treated lesions and this continued for more than two years in eight lesions of
      seven patients. There was no statistical difference in the pain relief achieved
      among the sites and the histologies of the primary tumors, and also no difference
      was noted as to the treated regions. Pain relief from the lesions of a squamous
      cell carcinoma tended to begin with smaller doses when compared with that of an
      adenocarcinoma. Our results suggest that radiation therapy in general appears to
      be an effective technique in achieving long term control of pain, but for some
      patients those with a generalized metastases or an uncontrolled primary tumor,
      for example, this tedious treatment has limited value and so should be withheld.

PMID- 3694803
TI  - [An evaluation of para-aortic and pelvic lymph node metastases in patients with
      endometrial carcinoma].
AB  - During 1979-1986, 101 patients with an endometrial carcinoma were treated. Eighty
      four of these patients underwent a para-aortic lymph node (PAN) biopsy at the
      time of their initial surgery, eight of whom (9.5%) were found to have a positive
      PAN. The incidence of positive PAN as per each clinical stage, was as follows:
      stage I, 2.0%; II, 11.5%; III, 50%; and, IV, 33.3%. Positive pelvic nodes were
      found in 19.2% of the patients, per the following stages: stage I, 6.1%; II, 32%;
      and, III & IV, 100%. This finding suggests that PAN metastasis occurs after the
      pelvic nodes are involved. A 5-year survival rate of approximately 50% is
      expected even in patients with a positive PAN. Thus our study concludes that an
      evaluation of para-aortic and pelvic lymph nodes is important for the management
      of an endometrial carcinoma.

PMID- 3694804
TI  - [An analysis of 117 cases of patients who died from tumor recurrence or from the
      progression of ovarian malignancies].
AB  - Out of 403 patients with ovarian with malignancies during 1978 to, 1985, 117
      (29.0%) died from the progression of a non-curative cancer (56 cases, 47.9%) or
      from a cancer recurrence (61 cases, 52.1%). The mean survival rate 117 cases was
      13.4 months, of which 103 (88.0%) cases concerned patients who died within 2
      years and 114 (97.4%) who died within 3 years. A histological analysis revealed
      that patients with a serous or an endometrial cancer had a longer survival rate
      than others. Among 61 recurrent cases, 59 (96.7%) fell into recurrence within 2
      years. Regarding the relationship between a recurrent of cancer and its
      prognosis, patients with a recurrence of an ascitic or a metastatic disease had a
      poorer prognosis than patients with a pelvic or an abdominal mass. An aggressive
      operation, such as a resection of a recurrent tumor, even if small in volume, led
      to a better prognostic result than no therapy.

PMID- 3694805
TI  - [A case of metastasis from a colon carcinoma to an intracranial
      oligodendroglioma].
AB  - The following case of a metastasis from a colon carcinoma to an intracranial
      oligodendroglioma is reported. Radiologically, it was difficult to diagnose that
      the colon carcinoma had metastasized to an oligodendroglioma. A craniotomy was
      then performed. Histologically, it was diagnosed that the tumor was a moderately
      differentiated adenocarcinoma and oligodendroglioma. Also, in conclusion, a
      comparison of Japanese and foreign cases of metastasis from tumor to tumor is
      reviewed.

PMID- 3694806
TI  - [Early breast cancer in terms of modes of growth and extension].
AB  - The modes of growth and extension of breast cancer have been evaluated in
      operated specimens. It has been found that in patients with a cancer in the duct,
      the outcome was more closely related to the degree of the extraductal
      infiltration than the size of the tumor. If early breast cancer is defined as a
      cancer associated with a 10-year survival rate of 90% or more then lesions of the
      intraductal type with an extraductal infiltration of less than 1/4 of the entire
      tumor extension fall into this category.

PMID- 3694807
TI  - [Comparative studies on the DNA content of human gastric cancer cells and its
      metastatic foci].
AB  - Comparative cellular DNA content measurements have been done on two sites
      differing from each other in their anatomical location, in 16 cases of gastric
      cancer by means of microphotometry. In addition, comparisons on the DNA stemline
      of the original gastric lesions and their metastatic lesions (8 cases of liver
      metastases and 9 cases of lymph node metastases) also were done. The main
      stemlines in four cases (25%) out of 16 gastric cancers exhibited different main
      DNA stemlines from the other sites in the same lesion, although in the other 12
      cases examined, two sites showed the same DNA stemlines to each other. In almost
      all cases, the DNA stemlines of the metastatic foci were consistent with those of
      the original lesions. The lymph node metastases simulated the original lesions in
      its DNA stemlines (89%) more than did the cases of livermetastases (63%). In an
      exceptional case, the original lesion exhibited two definite stemlines (2C &
      3.5C), but only one (2C) was recognizable in the metastatic focus of the liver.
      This difference indicates the probable role of "clonal selection" in a blood
      borne metastasis.

PMID- 3694808
TI  - [A study of lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer--a new method for fixing
      resected specimens with methylene blue formalin].
AB  - Lymph node metastasis in 171 cases after a radical resection of the gastric
      cancer have been studied by means of examining specimens of these lymph nodes
      fixed with methylene blue formalin. The number of the resected lymph nodes in a
      single case was 50.3 on the average. By the Appleby method this number was 82.8.
      The rate of metastasis (the number of cases with lymph node metastasis measured
      against the number of patients) was 43.9%. The frequency of metastasis (the
      number of metastasized nodes versus the number of dissected nodes) was 11.3%.
      When classified by location no difference was noted, but in the group which
      showed an infiltration of a macroscopic type or an undifferentiated
      adenocarcinoma, the rate of metastasis and the frequency of metastasis was found
      to be higher than in the group with a non-infiltration type or a well
      differentiated adenocarcinoma. Although the metastatic rate of perigastric nodes
      (No. 1-6 was higher than in the other lymph node group (No. 7-11), no difference
      was recognized between both groups in the frequency of metastasis.

PMID- 3694809
TI  - [Intra-operative radiotherapy with excision of urinary bladder carcinoma].
AB  - From June, 1979 through Oct., 1986 forty patients (32 males and 8 females) with
      cancer of the urinary bladder have been treated by intraoperative radiotherapy
      (IORT) after surgical excision of their tumors. The five-year survival rate, by
      the Kaplan-Meier Method, was 100% in Grade I patients (n = 6), 56% in Grade II (n
      = 19), 49% in Grade III and 58% in all patients, respectively. Similarly, it was
      62% for 33 patients in stages T1 and T2 of the disease and 42% for 7 patients
      graded T3 and T4 of only three patients out of eleven lost in this series, their
      deaths caused by urinary bladder cancer. IORT with a surgical excision of their
      bladder tumor provided excellent results in the control of recurrence.

PMID- 3694810
TI  - [A case of familial breast cancer--identical twin sisters with a heterochronic
      bilateral breast cancer that developed at the same age].
AB  - We have encountered very unique cases which involve identical twin sisters who
      underwent surgical treatment for a unilateral breast cancer at the same age of
      28. Each, after 13 years, developed cancer in the opposite breast. In addition
      yet another sister, the youngest, had to undergo the same surgical procedure, at
      the same age that her identical twin sisters had had their first operations.
      These findings may indicate the existence of factors which decide the age of the
      malignancy onset, in addition to the existence of a predisposing factor for
      carcinoma in the genes of breast cancer patients.

PMID- 3694811
TI  - [A rare autopsy involving primary squamous cell carcinoma of the breast showing a
      very rapid and aggressive clinical course].
AB  - A rare autopsy case of a primary squamous cell carcinoma of the breast is
      reported. A 74-year-old Japanese woman, suffering from a left axillary nodule,
      underwent a radical mastectomy in May, 1986. The histopathological diagnosis had
      revealed a primary squamous cell carcinoma of the breast with a small area that
      indicated a solid tubular carcinoma. The patient, however, died four months later
      after a very rapid and aggressive metastasis of the tumor cells to her various
      organs. The autopsy revealed the presence of metastatic tumor cells in the
      systemic organs including the heart, lungs, liver, spleen, kidneys, pancreas, the
      bone marrow, and in the whole gastrointestinal tract. Histopathologically, the
      metastatic tumor cells in these organs were composed of squamous cell carcinoma
      solely, without tubular formation, showing a remarkable keratinization and
      mitotic activity. The histogenesis and the nature of the squamous cell carcinoma
      of the breast are briefly discussed.

PMID- 3694812
TI  - [Involvement of coagulation and fibrinolysis in fertilization and implantation
      mechanisms].

PMID- 3694813
TI  - [The role of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in the placental attachment to
      the uterus and anti-thrombotic regulation in the intervillous space].

PMID- 3694814
TI  - [Blood coagulation and the fetus].

PMID- 3694815
TI  - [Pathophysiology of coagulation in the newborn infant].

PMID- 3694816
TI  - [Vessel walls and platelets in ageing].

PMID- 3694817
TI  - [Ageing, blood coagulation, fibrinolysis and blood viscosity].

PMID- 3694818
TI  - [Regulation of blood coagulation by heparin and related proteins].

PMID- 3694819
TI  - [Intraglomerular distribution of fibronectin, fibrin and fibrinolytic
      components].

PMID- 3694820
TI  - [Regulation of blood circulation in the placenta of normal and toxemic
      pregnancies from the viewpoint of coagulation and fibrinolysis].

PMID- 3694821
TI  - [Coagulation-fibrinolytic and clinico-pathological investigations on
      cerebrovascular diseases].

PMID- 3694822
TI  - [VCAP therapy of multiple myeloma].

PMID- 3694823
TI  - [Arterial thrombosis in patients with aplastic anemia].

PMID- 3694824
TI  - [A case of myelodysplastic syndrome with complex chromosomal defects including
      4;11;17 translocation and ring chromosome].

PMID- 3694825
TI  - [RAEB with ringed sideroblasts in a 3-month-old boy].

PMID- 3694826
TI  - Second primary cancers following female breast cancer in Osaka, Japan--a
      population-based cohort study.
AB  - Using the data accumulated in the Osaka Cancer Registry, a cohort study was
      conducted on the occurrence of second primary cancers following the first breast
      cancer in females. Of the 9,503 breast cancer patients newly diagnosed in the
      period 1965-1982 who were followed up until the end of 1983 (average follow-up
      period, 5.7 years), 344 developed second cancers, whereas the expected number had
      been 211 (relative risk (RR) = 1.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.5-1.8). The
      increased risk was observed throughout the observation period, and was higher in
      patients of less than 45 years of age at diagnosis than in older women.
      Significant excess risks were found for second cancers of the opposite breast (RR
      = 4.2; 95% CI = 3.4-5.2), buccal cavity (RR = 3.6; 95% CI = 1.6-7.2), stomach (RR
      = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.2-1.8), colon (RR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.1-2.1) and thyroid gland
      (RR = 3.2; 95% CI = 1.5-6.1). The effects of chemo- and radiotherapy administered
      for initial breast cancer on the increased risk of the above mentioned second
      cancers were also examined. These therapeutic measures were found not likely to
      be related to the excess risks for cancers of the buccal cavity, stomach and
      colon. For second cancer of the opposite breast, however, both chemotherapy and
      radiotherapy remained as possible risk factors. The effect of radiation was
      proposed as being a likely explanation for the excess risk of second thyroid
      cancer.

PMID- 3694827
TI  - Multiple primary malignancies in patients with head and neck cancer.
AB  - During the 15 years from 1967 to 1981, 3,162 patients with carcinoma of the head
      and neck were treated with radiation therapy. Among them, 262 patients (8.3%)
      developed two or more independent malignancies. There were 80 patients with prior
      cancer. The overall incidence of second malignancies in patients who had
      radiation therapy was 5.8%. The incidences were 8.9, 7.7, 5.2 and 1.7% of index
      cancer in the larynx, pharynx, oral cavity and paranasal sinus, respectively.
      Second primaries were observed in the head and neck (36%), digestive tract (35%),
      lung (19%) and the remaining 10% in other bodily sites. Of the 1,486 patients who
      survived for five years or more after radiation therapy, only 10 (0.7%) developed
      second malignancies within the previous radiation field.

PMID- 3694828
TI  - Inverted papillary carcinoma of the urinary bladder.
AB  - A 47-year-old man presented with an inverted papillary carcinoma of the urinary
      bladder. Cystoscopy revealed an approximately 2 cm mass, with a small stalk and
      smooth surface, which was situated just medial to the right ureteral orifice.
      Transurethral resection of the tumor was performed on July 25, 1983. Malignant
      changes were recognized in the epithelial cords in the resected specimen. This is
      in contrast to the general view that inverted papilloma of the urinary bladder is
      benign in nature. The authors believe that careful pathologic examination should
      be done when an inverted type tumor of the urinary tracts is found. No recurrence
      has been recognized as of September 11, 1987.

PMID- 3694829
TI  - Mediastinal malignant lymphoma complicated with esophagobronchial fistula:
      successfully treated case.
AB  - A 64-year-old man presented with mediastinal and bilateral hilar adenopathy, and
      a biopsy of a scalene node revealed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. One week after a
      cycle of combination chemotherapy, he developed an esophagobronchial fistula.
      Following a resolution of pneumonia by antibiotics, a cervical esophagostomy was
      made and, after the improvement of his general condition with parenteral
      hyperalimentation, he was given one course of combination chemotherapy which was
      continued until the mediastinal lymph node shadow completely disappeared. A
      subcutaneous bypass operation was performed on the stomach. After receiving one
      more cycle of intensification chemotherapy, he was discharged. Three months
      later, a bronchoscopy showed healing of the fistula. Nine months postoperatively,
      there is no evidence of the lymphoma or the esophagobronchial fistula recurring.
      Esophageal involvement is rare in malignant lymphoma and this is only the sixth
      reported case of esophageal fistula of the respiratory tract in association with
      lymphoma, and just the second to be treated successfully.

PMID- 3694830
TI  - Pulmonary reaction to an aspirated balanced liquid diet in a cancer patient.
AB  - A 60-year-old man with pharyngeal carcinoma developed spontaneous pneumothorax. A
      biopsied lung tissue revealed an extensive granulomatous reaction to some yellow
      material. Because of the patient's frequent aspirations of the liquid diet which
      was mixed with an artificial lemon flavor, it is considered that the aspirated
      material provoked the pulmonary reaction and possibly the pneumothorax. An energy
      dispersive X-ray analysis of the biopsied lung tissue aided in excluding the
      possibility of the pulmonary reaction and the yellow material being of ubiquitous
      pneumoconiotic origin.

PMID- 3694831
TI  - [Apolipoprotein measurement and its problems].

PMID- 3694832
TI  - [Photometric detection of immunological agglutination].

PMID- 3694833
TI  - [Two cases of transient hyperphosphatasemia of infancy].

PMID- 3694834
TI  - [Interference of cefoxitin with serum creatinine determination during
      extracorporeal circulation].

PMID- 3694835
TI  - [Etiological implication of delta agent to HBsAg-positive liver diseases].

PMID- 3694836
TI  - [Investigation of the microassay of red cell-bound immunoglobulin].

PMID- 3694838
TI  - [Assessment of the mechanism of fluctuation in photoelectric plethysmography].

PMID- 3694837
TI  - [Trend in pathogenic bacteria isolated from blood cultures during the last decade
      (1975-1985)].

PMID- 3694839
TI  - [Comparison of carcinoma of the gallbladder with or without stones].

PMID- 3694840
TI  - [Studies on impedance-aggregometry using whole blood].

PMID- 3694841
TI  - [Sternum metastasis of breast cancer].

PMID- 3694842
TI  - [The pictures of CT scan of gold pneumonitis].

PMID- 3694843
TI  - [Lung fibrosis of rheumatoid arthritis patients].

PMID- 3694844
TI  - [Mass survey for early lung cancer].

PMID- 3694845
TI  - [CT findings of rectosigmoid carcinoma showing exophytic growth--as the
      differential diagnosis of pelvic masses].

PMID- 3694846
TI  - [Rib anomaly seen in basal cell nevus syndrome].

PMID- 3694847
TI  - [Case of cholesteatoma in the petrous apex].

PMID- 3694848
TI  - [Evaluation of the course of ossificans myositis by scintigraphy].

PMID- 3694849
TI  - [A case of the aneurysm of the perforating artery clearly demonstrated by
      cerebral angiography in moyamoya-like disease].

PMID- 3694850
TI  - [Cystic pulmonary parenchymal involvement of laryngeal papillomatosis: a case
      report].

PMID- 3694851
TI  - [Aneurysm of the common hepatic artery and the gastroduodenal artery].

PMID- 3694852
TI  - [A case of a ruptured submucosal aneurysm of the jejunum].

PMID- 3694853
TI  - [Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma: a case report].

PMID- 3694854
TI  - [Successful insertion of a biliary endoprosthesis after radiation therapy in
      three cases of malignant obstructive jaundice].

PMID- 3694855
TI  - [Computed tomography following endoscopic sclerotherapy of esophageal varices].

PMID- 3694856
TI  - [Gastroduodenal motor dysfunction and plasma motilin concentration in patients
      with duodenal ulcer].

PMID- 3694857
TI  - [Relationship between microflora of the upper small intestine and steatorrhoea in
      patients with extensive gastric resection].

PMID- 3694858
TI  - [Experimental studies of human hepatocellular carcinoma transplanted to nude mice
      -the effects of indomethacin on tumor growth].

PMID- 3694859
TI  - [Blood exchange transfusion as a treatment of acute experimental pancreatitis in
      the rat].

PMID- 3694860
TI  - [The effect of cimetidine on prostaglandin mediated autodefensive mechanism of
      rat gastric mucosa].

PMID- 3694861
TI  - [Pigmented lesion of the retina in adenomatosis coli].

PMID- 3694862
TI  - [Sclerotherapy of esophageal varices].

PMID- 3694863
TI  - [Methodological studies on the determination of trace metals in biological
      tissues].

PMID- 3694864
TI  - [Investigations into heavy metal contents in the meat and organs of edible
      animals].

PMID- 3694865
TI  - Phosphate removal by adsorption to activated carbon.

PMID- 3694866
TI  - [Changes in temperature and humidity of various parts of the clothed body during
      rest, exercise, and recovery].

PMID- 3694867
TI  - [Deposition of cadmium in organ tissues and excretion through hair following oral
      administration of cadmium acetate to rats].

PMID- 3694868
TI  - [Bacteriological study in a rural village in northeast Thailand].

PMID- 3694869
TI  - Lymphocyte subpopulations and lymphocyte reactivity in chronic cigarette smokers.

PMID- 3694870
TI  - [Blood lead and blood pressure--an analysis of health examination materials in
      two companies for lead poisoning].

PMID- 3694871
TI  - Annual report on findings of infectious agents in Japan 1985.

PMID- 3694872
TI  - Assay of seminal spermine by isotachophoresis and its application to forensic
      practice.

PMID- 3694873
TI  - The property of ABO blood group antigen on sperm.

PMID- 3694874
TI  - Methamphetamine concentrations in blood, urine, and organs of fatal cases after
      abuse.

PMID- 3694875
TI  - Methamphetamine-induced changes of peripheral catecholamines: an animal
      experiment to elucidate the cause of sudden death after methamphetamine abuse.

PMID- 3694876
TI  - [Post-traumatic dissecting aneurysm of the aorta occurring in Marfan syndrome:
      report of an autopsy case].

PMID- 3694877
TI  - [An autopsy case of sudden death from left atrial myxoma].

PMID- 3694878
TI  - [Studies on the systems for the better settlement of medical malpractice
      conflicts].

PMID- 3694879
TI  - [Effect of an oral sorbent (AST-120) on the clinical course of uremic peak 2a in
      chronic renal failure].

PMID- 3694880
TI  - [Renal sodium metabolism in spontaneously hypertensive rats: renal clearance and
      renal micropuncture studies during hypertonic saline infusion].

PMID- 3694881
TI  - [Platelet function in patients with essential hypertension].

PMID- 3694882
TI  - [Studies on chance proteinuria and/or hematuria in students].

PMID- 3694883
TI  - [A case report of dense deposit disease with characteristic features].

PMID- 3694884
TI  - [Glomerular capillary wall immune deposits in IgA nephropathy and purpura
      nephritis].

PMID- 3694885
TI  - [The effects and pharmacokinetics of mexiletine in ventricular arrhythmia in
      maintenance hemodialysis patients].

PMID- 3694886
TI  - [Scanning electron microscopy study of a plastic model of glomeruli--experimental
      focal glomerular sclerosis in rats].

PMID- 3694887
TI  - [Participation of renal tubular epithelial antigen and HLA-DR antigen in the
      pathogenesis of membranous nephropathy].

PMID- 3694888
TI  - Correlation between the pharyngeal secretion of IgA, secretory-IgA and free
      secretory component and the upper respiratory tract infections in patients with
      IgA nephropathy.

PMID- 3694889
TI  - Focal glomerular sclerosis in non-nephrotic patients with hyperlipidemia.

PMID- 3694890
TI  - Effect of weather on the incidence of urinary stone colic.

PMID- 3694891
TI  - Urinary constituents and renal function in rats administered with adenine.

PMID- 3694892
TI  - Distribution of guanidino compounds in rats with chronic renal failure induced by
      adenine.

PMID- 3694893
TI  - Blood flow in renal tissue, blood pressure, and blood hormone levels in rats with
      adenine-induced renal failure.

PMID- 3694894
TI  - Detection of IQ-type heterocyclic amines in dialysis fluid of uremic patients
      treated by peritoneal dialysis.

PMID- 3694895
TI  - A case of IgA nephropathy complicated by poststreptococcal acute
      glomerulonephritis seven years after the first biopsy.

PMID- 3694896
TI  - A case of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis associated with cerebral
      hemorrhage.

PMID- 3694897
TI  - Significance of deposition of fibrin related antigen in the glomeruli of IgA
      nephropathy patients.

PMID- 3694898
TI  - Intraglomerular coagulation and fibrinolysis in patients with IgA nephropathy.

PMID- 3694899
TI  - Quantitative evaluation of glomerular basement membrane changes in idiopathic
      membranous nephropathy.

PMID- 3694901
TI  - [Nursing theory. 22. On "Humanistic Nursing" (3)].

PMID- 3694900
TI  - [Methods in home nursing. 8. First bathing with a help from the patient's
      husband].

PMID- 3694902
TI  - [Terminal care to expand the life possibility: an interview with Dr. Shosuke
      Yokouchi, Director, Takko Municipal Hospital, Aomori Prefecture].

PMID- 3694903
TI  - [A positive approach to terminal care at the Tatta Municipal Hospital:
      establishment of a "patients' house"].

PMID- 3694904
TI  - [Role of the mid-level nurses learned from clinical cases].

PMID- 3694905
TI  - [On keypoints in the terminal care at a hospital: the approach at the Department
      of Internal Medicine, Shakai Hoken Hiroshima Shimin Hospital].

PMID- 3694906
TI  - [Nursing at the end of the life process: terminal care at "Osaka Yu-Yu no Sato",
      a community for senior citizens].

PMID- 3694907
TI  - [A choice between home care and hospitalization: a dilemma of home care nurses
      and psychology and technology of home nursing].

PMID- 3694908
TI  - [Reflection on the terminal care of a mother by her son at home].

PMID- 3694909
TI  - [Profile of a nurse: Ms. Joko Chinju, Nursing Director of the Higashi Hospital,
      Kitasato University, who plans to develop a new field in nursing].

PMID- 3694910
TI  - [Bedside nursing. A trial at drama presentation at a psychiatric ward].

PMID- 3694911
TI  - [A diary of a physician at a hospital. Importance of seemingly insignificant
      incidents].

PMID- 3694912
TI  - [Welfare and medical care in the aging society. 15. "Absolute selfrighteousness"
      of the aged].

PMID- 3694913
TI  - [Nursing study in Great Britain. 11. From Scotland with love. 2].

PMID- 3694914
TI  - Dynamics of pleural effusion estimated through urea clearance.
AB  - Radioactive human serum albumin (RHSA) and urea were injected into the pleural
      cavity of patients with pleural effusions. The dynamics of the pleural liquid was
      investigated based on the volume of the pleural liquid and on the change in the
      concentrations of markers. RHSA concentration in the pleural liquid decreased
      linearly and slowly. Urea disappeared rapidly and exponentially. The analysis
      shows that water exchanges rapidly at the pleural capillary and that the volume
      of the pleural liquid is an affecting factor on the turnover of the pleural
      volume. The dynamics of malignant effusion was the same as that of tuberculous
      effusion.

PMID- 3694916
TI  - A workplace-based case-control study of gastric ulcer among male municipal
      employees in Japan.
AB  - In order to detect risk factors of gastric ulcer among male workers in Japan, a
      workplace-based case-control study was conducted in a municipal government, using
      cases registered during 1981 to 1983 with individually matched controls.
      Statistically significant factors in univariate analysis were smoking, time
      interval from waking up to leaving home for job, meal time for supper, sleeping
      hours, anxiety, and gloomy feeling. Logistic analysis showed that among the above
      factors the significant relative risks were 11.9 (95% confidence interval: 1.6
      89.4) for 1-9 cigarettes per day, 9.9 (2.6-37.7) for 10 cigarettes or more per
      day, and 5.3 (1.6-17.5) for gloomy feeling. These findings obtained among the
      male Japanese workers were almost consistent with those epidemiologic results in
      other developed countries that smoking and personality traits are major risk
      factors of gastric ulcer.

PMID- 3694915
TI  - Studies on the effect of concanavalin A on the metabolism of low density
      lipoproteins in skin fibroblasts.
AB  - Concanavalin A bound to the cell surface decreased the binding and
      internalization of low density lipoproteins (LDL) to human skin fibroblasts.
      However, concanavalin A failed to inhibit the degradation of preinternalized LDL.
      Concanavalin A inhibited the activation of acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase
      by LDL. These results strongly suggest that concanavalin A inhibits the
      metabolism of LDL in human skin fibroblasts by affecting the receptor binding and
      internalization of LDL.

PMID- 3694917
TI  - Study on relationship between the muscular pathology and prognosis in the motor
      neuron disease.
AB  - In order to investigate the mode of progression in motor neuron disease (MND),
      and find if there is any correlation between the muscular pathology and prognosis
      of the disease, activity index (ACT), atrophy factor of type I muscle fibers
      (A1), and type II (A2), hypertrophy factor of type I muscle fibers (H1), and type
      II (H2) and grouping factors were analyzed. Thirty-five patients with MND were
      evaluated whether there were any factors correlated to the severity of ACT. Among
      various factors, A1 showed the most significant change to the severity of ACT.
      Therefore, it was suggested that A1 was best correlated with the rate of
      prognosis of the disease process. Probably involvement of the motor neuron
      innervating type I muscle fibers takes place in the earlier stage than that of
      the neurons of type II, or there might be some difference of innervation ratio
      between type I and type II fibers. Further investigation is necessary to evaluate
      the relationship between the actual prognosis of these patients and their ACT by
      follow up study.

PMID- 3694918
TI  - Preoperative fiber-optic lung cancer detection. A case report.
AB  - A case of unexpected detection of bronchial neoplasm in routine general
      anesthesia is described. On the basis of this case, fiber-optic bronchoscopy in
      all patients undergoing general anesthesia as a means of early detection of lung
      cancer is discussed.

PMID- 3694919
TI  - Recurrent polyserositis (familial Mediterranean fever) in a Japanese.
AB  - A 36-year-old male of pure Japanese ancestry presented with a classical 20-year
      history of Recurrent Polyserositis manifested by self-limited attacks of fever
      plus pleuritis, peritonitis or arthritis. These attacks were completely
      suppressed by daily prophylactic colchicine, but recurred when the drug was
      briefly discontinued. For the past 10 years he has been on 1.2 mg of colchicine
      daily and has had no further febrile attacks. Although several cases of periodic
      or cyclic febrile disorders in patients of Japanese ancestry have been cited in
      the literature, the patient described here appears to satisfy the required
      criteria for a diagnosis of Recurrent Polyserositis in a Japanese.

PMID- 3694920
TI  - Two cases of systemic lupus erythematosus associated with hyperthyroidism.
AB  - We have experienced two cases (Case 1: 21-year-old female, Case 2: 26-year-old
      female) of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) associated with hyperthyroidism.
      Case 1 had been treated with methimazole (MMI) and betamethasone for
      approximately two years. Although thyroid function improved with the treatment,
      laboratory data of SLE deteriorated. She was successfully treated with
      betamethasone alone. Case 2, who had severe side effect (severe hemorrhage due to
      gastric ulcer) during prednisolone treatment for SLE, was found to have an
      additional hyperthyroidism. She was treated with intermittent prednisolone
      administration alone. Physical findings as well as laboratory data of both SLE
      and hyperthyroidism improved by the therapy.

PMID- 3694921
TI  - Successful delivery in a female with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.
AB  - A 28-year-old female, who suffered from thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
      in the 14th week of her first pregnancy, recovered after a plasma exchange
      followed by an induced abortion. From six months after the abortion, she no
      longer required plasma infusions every 3-4 weeks to prevent a relapse of TTP
      manifested as thrombocytopenia, and complete remission continued until her next
      pregnancy. In her second pregnancy, she had an immediate relapse of TTP and
      responded to plasma infusion until the 24th week. However, the TTP gradually
      became resistant to plasma infusion, and developed into toxemia with edema,
      hypertension and proteinuria in the 27th week. Although the TTP was alleviated by
      the infusion of large amounts of plasma, the placenta failed as the result of
      numerous white infarcts. She delivered a 948 g live baby by cesarean section in
      the 33rd week. The baby had transient thrombocytopenia but did not suffer from
      TTP. The mother required plasma infusions every 3-4 weeks for about five months,
      and she has continued in remission.

PMID- 3694922
TI  - Recovery after radiotherapy from severe interstitial pneumonia due to paraquat
      poisoning.
AB  - A 51-year-old man was admitted 3 hours after ingesting approximately 50 ml of
      mixture of paraquat and organophosphate insecticide. His arterial oxygen pressure
      fell progressively to 44.6 mmHg. Diagnosed was paraquat-induced interstitial
      pneumonia. No improvement was observed after treatment with corticosteroid. The
      pneumonia, however, resolved after irradiation of both lungs and arterial oxygen
      pressure showed marked improvement. Radiotherapy to the lungs should be
      considered only in patients who showed progressive deterioration of respiratory
      function.

PMID- 3694923
TI  - Amyloidosis presented with whitening and loss of hair which improved after
      dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) treatment.
AB  - A 67-year-old male patient presented with rapid progression of whitening and loss
      of hair in past 2 months was consulted due to the suspicion of hypothyroidism. He
      had been told to have cardiomegaly for 3 years. Thyroid function was within
      normal limit. Prostate biopsy was performed because of prostatic hypertrophy and
      mild elevation of serum acid phosphatase. Amyloid accumulation was observed in
      the biopsy specimen. Subsequent skin biopsies revealed the same result. The scalp
      hair and beard grew and turned to black gradually several months after dimethyl
      sulfoxide (DMSO) treatment. These findings suggest that some of the manifestation
      of amyloidosis may respond to DMSO treatment.

PMID- 3694924
TI  - Rendu-Osler-Weber disease with portosystemic encephalopathy.
AB  - We treated a Japanese man with Rendu-Osler-Weber disease and a recurrent
      encephalopathy with hyperammonemia concomitant with recurrent epistaxis, G-I
      bleeding, congestive heart failure with aortic and mitral regurgitation, and
      chronic renal failure. At peritoneoscopy, several telangiectasia were noted on
      the surface of the liver. Angiographical studies revealed widened and tortuous
      hepatic arteries with early filling of hepatic veins and small pools of contrast
      medium scattered throughout the parenchyma. The recurrent encephalopathy was
      attributed to the porto-systemic shunt formed in the liver.

PMID- 3694925
TI  - Hyperthyroidism associated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia and periodic
      paralysis: a report of a case in which antihyperthyroid therapy alone was
      effective against hemolysis.
AB  - We describe a case of a 29-year-old man with hyperthyroidism associated with
      autoimmune hemolytic anemia and periodic paralysis. Euthyroidism, which was
      achieved by propylthiouracil, brought inhibition of hemolysis and amelioration of
      anemia in spite of continuously positive direct and indirect Coombs' tests.
      Neither adrenocortical steroid nor blood transfusion was administered. Since
      indirect monospecific Coombs' test was negative against anti-human complements
      serum, the membrane of red blood cells may be less fragile. This is one reason
      why hemolysis was inhibited by anti-hyperthyroid therapy only. This may indicate
      that the hyperdynamic circulatory state secondary to hyperthyroidism plays an
      important role in the destruction of red blood cells which were coated by anti
      red blood cell antibody.

PMID- 3694926
TI  - A case of hyperbilirubinemia during treatment with chenodeoxycholic acid.
AB  - This is a report of a 27-year-old female with hyperbilirubinemia during treatment
      with chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) for the resolution of gallstones. After CDCA
      administration, serum bilirubin increased markedly without an apparent
      obstruction of bile ducts. The histological findings of the liver were compatible
      with toxic liver injury. Bile acids analysis, however, did not reveal the
      increment of lithocholic acid, toxic metabolite of CDCA in the serum and the
      hepatic tissue. The bile acids sulfation and the 6 alpha-hydroxylation of CDCA
      were also normal. Her jaundice disappeared quickly after discontinuation of CDCA.
      Presumably, in this case, the stagnation of bile acids in the liver caused by
      choledochal sands facilitated the toxic effect of CDCA on the damaged
      hepatocytes.

PMID- 3694927
TI  - Proceedings of the 84th annual scientific session of the Japanese Society of
      Internal Medicine, the Japan Association of Physicians. April 2-3, 1987, Tokyo.
      Abstracts.

PMID- 3694928
TI  - [A study group to organize more scientific classroom instructions in nursing].

PMID- 3694929
TI  - [Learning by students through interactions with patients with consciousness
      disturbances: the learning process and the role of the instructor].

PMID- 3694930
TI  - [Reflection on the communication with patients with consciousness disturbances: a
      psychological process of a nurse during the development and progression of the
      transaction].

PMID- 3694931
TI  - [Case studies by nursing students: on guidance of students in case studies].

PMID- 3694932
TI  - [Nursing with a view on the balance between independence and dependence: an
      experience in nursing of an aged patient with metastatic cancer].

PMID- 3694933
TI  - [Impression on the case reports by nursing students, with special reference to
      two examples of studies on "nursing of patients with terminal stage of cancer"].

PMID- 3694934
TI  - [Comments on the evaluation of case studies by other students].

PMID- 3694935
TI  - [Planning of instructions on basic nursing technology: logical analysis of the
      target behaviors in intramuscular injections].

PMID- 3694936
TI  - [Status of daily behavior of nursing students: in search of dynamic factors for
      the actions to promote health].

PMID- 3694937
TI  - [Outline of rational therapy. 1].

PMID- 3694938
TI  - [Cooperation among public health nurses of municipal governments and public
      health clinics in Saga Prefecture. An increase in the distance to the clinic: an
      observation of the activities in Shioda-machi].

PMID- 3694939
TI  - [Cooperation among public health nurses of municipal governments and public
      health clinics in Saga Prefecture. The goal of the public health clinic: changing
      status of public health nursing].

PMID- 3694941
TI  - [Cooperation among public health nurses of municipal governments and public
      health clinics in Saga Prefecture. Expectation on the activities of public health
      promoting personnel].

PMID- 3694942
TI  - [Cooperation among public health nurses of municipal governments and public
      health clinics in Saga Prefecture. Protection of citizens' health based on the
      activities of health promoting personnel].

PMID- 3694940
TI  - [Cooperation among public health nurses of municipal governments and public
      health clinics in Saga Prefecture. Nursing conferences as the basis of public
      health activities].

PMID- 3694943
TI  - [Cooperation among public health nurses of municipal governments and public
      health clinics. Nursing activities with a focus on individual cases: a reflection
      on the process record].

PMID- 3694944
TI  - [Cooperation among public health nurses of municipal governments and public
      health clinics. A joint survey on health counseling conducted at Tara-cho: a
      viewpoint of the public health clinic].

PMID- 3694945
TI  - [Cooperation among public health nurses of municipal governments and public
      health clinics. A joint survey on health counseling conducted at Tara-cho: a
      viewpoint of the local government].

PMID- 3694946
TI  - [Nursing in daily lives: movement by patients themselves and assistance by care
      givers].

PMID- 3694947
TI  - [Public health nursing in focal areas. 14. Comprehensive public health nursing at
      Sada-machi: a viewpoint of public health nurses].

PMID- 3694948
TI  - [Development of the child-rearing capacity of mothers and organizational
      activities for their assistance. 1. An outline of the entire activities].

PMID- 3694949
TI  - [Early discovery of problems and immediate responses: a conclusion of the series.
      (Search of a direction in the Regional Care of Demented Senile Patients)].

PMID- 3694950
TI  - [A patient with diagnosis of schizophrenia and psychogenic torticollis.
      Assistance of the patient and her family. Significance of case studies in
      teaching the technics in psychological support of patients].

PMID- 3694951
TI  - [Experimental study of blood flow volume in acute atelectasis].

PMID- 3694952
TI  - [Geometrical analysis on the pulmonary lobular polyhedron (PLP) and consideration
      of the way of arrangement of PLPs in the lung--a new theoretical lobular model of
      the lung].

PMID- 3694954
TI  - [Evaluation of the relation between pleural malignant mesothelioma and asbestos
      exposure].

PMID- 3694953
TI  - [Effects of age and smoking on the disaturated phosphatidylcholine content of
      broncho-alveolar lavage fluid].

PMID- 3694955
TI  - [A case of Shy-Drager syndrome associated with periodic breathing].

PMID- 3694956
TI  - [A case of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia].

PMID- 3694957
TI  - [A case of "thoracolithiasis"--an unusual isolated calcified lesion in the
      intrathoracic space].

PMID- 3694958
TI  - [Two cases of Legionnaires' disease].

PMID- 3694959
TI  - [A case of pulmonary hypertension associated with extrahepatic obstruction of the
      portal vein].

PMID- 3694961
TI  - [Adaptation of the respiratory muscles to long endurance training--experimental
      studies with the rat].

PMID- 3694960
TI  - [Genetical analysis of skin tests, RASTs and serum IgE level in families with
      bronchial asthma in relation to age].

PMID- 3694962
TI  - [Respiratory exchange ratio during sleep in normal humans].

PMID- 3694964
TI  - [Prevalence of bronchial asthma in adult habitants in Fujieda City].

PMID- 3694963
TI  - [Serial changes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids in patients with summer-type
      hypersensitivity pneumonitis--transient increase of polymorphonuclear cells
      (PMNs) in BAL fluids shortly after antigen exposure].

PMID- 3694965
TI  - [Acoustic analysis of squawks].

PMID- 3694966
TI  - [X-ray CT evaluation of pulmonary involvements of sarcoidosis].

PMID- 3694967
TI  - [A case of sarcoidosis associated with gastric leiomyosarcoma].

PMID- 3694968
TI  - [A case of thrombosis occurring in the main trunk of the pulmonary arterial trees
      with pulmonary infection due to mycobacterium intracellulare].

PMID- 3694969
TI  - [A case of intestinal intussusception due to a tumor of the small intestine
      metastatic from lung cancer].

PMID- 3694970
TI  - [Pulmonary infiltrates after lobectomy in lung cancer].

PMID- 3694971
TI  - [A case of pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis with tuberous sclerosis--treated with
      tamoxifen].

PMID- 3694972
TI  - [Two cases of hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to isocyanate in foundry
      castworkers].

PMID- 3694973
TI  - [A case of primary amyloidosis with BHL and pulmonary diffuse reticulonodular
      changes, diagnosed by TBLB].

PMID- 3694974
TI  - [A case of pulmonary tuberculosis showing a giant mass shadow].

PMID- 3694975
TI  - [Abstracts of papers presented at the XXIX annual meeting of Japan Society of
      Smooth Muscle Research (II)].

PMID- 3694976
TI  - [The study of mouse monoclonal antibody to human transitional cell carcinoma of
      the bladder].

PMID- 3694977
TI  - [A monoclonal antibody to a testicular choriocarcinoma cell line].

PMID- 3694978
TI  - [Three-dimensional observation of the early phase of experimental rat cystitis-
      mainly on the activity of PMN in the lumen and on the surface].

PMID- 3694979
TI  - [Clinical application of flow cytometry in urology. 4. The role of the flow
      cytometric DNA-histogram as a prognostic factor of renal cell carcinomas].

PMID- 3694980
TI  - [The treatment of superficial bladder carcinoma with intravesical bacillus
      Calmette-Guerin].

PMID- 3694981
TI  - [Histopathology of urachal carcinoma--investigation of our 11 cases].

PMID- 3694982
TI  - [Identification of the crystalline component in urinary calculi by scanning
      electron microscopy and a partial dissolution method].

PMID- 3694983
TI  - [Histopathological studies of renal pelvis and ureteral epithelium. First report:
      Investigation of histopathological changes in renal pelvis epithelium with
      stones].

PMID- 3694984
TI  - [Histopathological studies of renal pelvis and ureteral epithelium. Second
      report: Investigation of non-neoplastic histological changes in renal pelvis
      and/or ureteral cancer].

PMID- 3694986
TI  - [Pharmacological and anatomical studies of urethral function of the proximal
      urethra in the female dog].

PMID- 3694985
TI  - [Management in bilateral renal cell carcinoma: role of organ-preserving surgery].

PMID- 3694987
TI  - [Isometric detrusor pressure in the enuretic patient].

PMID- 3694988
TI  - [Renal oncocytoma treated by partial nephrectomy: a case report].

PMID- 3694989
TI  - [Health administration: trend of health care for the elderly].

PMID- 3694990
TI  - [Expression of one's sentiments: descriptive sentences].

PMID- 3694991
TI  - [Expertness in nursing: continuity of care and hospice home care].

PMID- 3694992
TI  - [Care of the elderly in Europe: France].

PMID- 3694993
TI  - [Post-basic and continuing education for nurses].

PMID- 3694994
TI  - [Some like taking baths].

PMID- 3694995
TI  - [Nursing judgment: what is its uniqueness? What is "nursing judgment?"].

PMID- 3694996
TI  - [Nursing judgment: what is its uniqueness? How to improve ability of judgment].

PMID- 3694997
TI  - [Nursing judgment: what is its uniqueness? Uniqueness of nursing judgment].

PMID- 3694999
TI  - [Nursing judgment: what is its uniqueness? Judgment of practicing midwife].

PMID- 3694998
TI  - [Nursing judgment: what is its uniqueness? Nursing judgment in visiting nurse
      service].

PMID- 3695000
TI  - [Nursing judgment: what is its uniqueness? Judging from nurse-patient
      interaction].

PMID- 3695001
TI  - [Nursing judgment: what is its uniqueness? Nursing judgment in psychiatric
      nursing].

PMID- 3695002
TI  - [Clinicians in various settings: from hospital to community].

PMID- 3695003
TI  - [Sawako Yamaya, a midwife and visiting director of nursing, encourages
      breastfeeding at National Okaya Hospital].

PMID- 3695004
TI  - [Reports from directors of nursing homes--open the home for the elderly in the
      community].

PMID- 3695005
TI  - [Medical topics: copper deficiency in children; aluminum absorbed from nose].

PMID- 3695007
TI  - [Living as a clinician: midwife practitioner].

PMID- 3695006
TI  - [Health administration: changes in hospital function and role of nursing].

PMID- 3695008
TI  - [Expression of sentiments: describing one's life--diary].

PMID- 3695009
TI  - [Care of the elderly in Europe: denmark].

PMID- 3695011
TI  - [Hospital life uncomfortable and inconvenient].

PMID- 3695010
TI  - [JNA information: on report of the Nursing System Review Committee of the
      Ministry of Health and Welfare].

PMID- 3695012
TI  - [Public health nurses in the community. Review of current activities of PHNs in
      the community].

PMID- 3695013
TI  - [Public health nurses in the community. Health promotion activity].

PMID- 3695014
TI  - [Public health nursing in the community. Working as a PHN in a rural town of
      about 15,000 inhabitants].

PMID- 3695016
TI  - [Public health nurses in the community. Effective use of regional public health
      nursing].

PMID- 3695018
TI  - [Expertness in nursing: clinical nurse specialist].

PMID- 3695017
TI  - [Public health nurses in the community. PHNs as resource persons in the
      community].

PMID- 3695015
TI  - [Public health nurses in the community. PHNs working in collaboration with
      medical, social welfare and volunteer personnel].

PMID- 3695019
TI  - [Yukoko Takahashi, a public health nurse, supplying information on the care of
      the elderly for Information Network System].

PMID- 3695020
TI  - [Medical topics: anodyne and changes in blood components; opium withdrawal
      symptoms].

PMID- 3695021
TI  - [Health administration: profit making and homes for the aged].

PMID- 3695022
TI  - [Expression of sentiments: describing one's life--letter].

PMID- 3695023
TI  - [Care of the elderly in Europe: Sweden].

PMID- 3695024
TI  - [Death in the present age and terminal care].

PMID- 3695025
TI  - [Becoming so dependent in hospital].

PMID- 3695026
TI  - [JNA Annual General Convention of 1987. Proceedings of the General Convention].

PMID- 3695027
TI  - [Report of the Nursing System Review Committee, the Ministry of Health and
      Welfare].

PMID- 3695028
TI  - [Newspaper editorials and letters to the editor dealing with or stressing the
      need for reformation of the nursing system].

PMID- 3695029
TI  - [Expertness in nursing: primary nursing and nursing diagnosis].

PMID- 3695030
TI  - [Living as a clinician: living with collagen disease and nursing patients with
      the same disease].

PMID- 3695031
TI  - [Yukiko Arita, manager of nursing section, the Japanese Red Cross Society,
      elected president of JNA].

PMID- 3695032
TI  - [Nurse managers of home for the aged: respecting the individuality of the
      elderly].

PMID- 3695033
TI  - [Reports from directors of nursing homes--open the home for the elderly in the
      community].

PMID- 3695034
TI  - [Expression of one's sentiments: writing essays on everyday life].

PMID- 3695035
TI  - [Health administration: importance of nursing administration].

PMID- 3695037
TI  - [Profile of awardees of Florence Nightingale Medal].

PMID- 3695036
TI  - [Expertness in nursing: staff development and career ladder].

PMID- 3695038
TI  - [Care of the elderly in Europe: Sweden].

PMID- 3695039
TI  - [Patients' group--children with heart diseases].

PMID- 3695040
TI  - [Nursing and social welfare--proliferation of a new category of workers.
      Professionalism in nursing and emergence of a new category of care workers].

PMID- 3695042
TI  - [Nursing and social welfare--proliferation of a new category of workers. Building
      cooperative relationships through related health workers through discussion of
      cases].

PMID- 3695041
TI  - [Nursing and social welfare--proliferation of a new category of workers.
      Coordination among nursing personnel and other care workers].

PMID- 3695043
TI  - [Nursing and social welfare--proliferation of a new category of workers. Role of
      nursing in care of the elderly and cooperative relationship with new category of
      carers].

PMID- 3695044
TI  - [Nursing and social welfare--proliferation of a new category of workers.
      Proliferation of new workers and quality of care].

PMID- 3695045
TI  - [Nursing and social welfare--proliferation of a new category of workers. Need for
      nursing leadership in community health].

PMID- 3695046
TI  - [Nursing and social welfare--proliferation of a new category of workers.
      Emergence of clinical engineering technician and its implication in nursing].

PMID- 3695047
TI  - [Nursing adn social welfare--proliferation of a new category of workers.
      Necessity of clinical engineering technician and cooperation with nurses].

PMID- 3695048
TI  - [Nursing and social welfare--proliferation of a new category of workers. Clinical
      engineering technician welcomed by patients needing dialysis].

PMID- 3695049
TI  - [Clinicians in various settings: learn from difficulties that patients
      encounter].

PMID- 3695050
TI  - [Hiroko Kaida, a third generation of the practising midwife and wife of an
      obstetrician].

PMID- 3695051
TI  - The case for third party reimbursement for nurse practitioners.

PMID- 3695052
TI  - A national investigation of self esteem: the student nurse anesthetist.

PMID- 3695053
TI  - Is your fat attitude showing?

PMID- 3695054
TI  - The nurse educator in academia.

PMID- 3695055
TI  - Effective heterosexual AIDS prevention.

PMID- 3695056
TI  - [Occurrence of latent retrograde atrioventricular conduction reaching the atrial
      conduction pathways in a patient with paroxysmal tachycardia of the re-entry type
      within the atrioventricular node after administration of propranolol].

PMID- 3695057
TI  - [Medrano and the Micheli's criteria in the diagnosis of anterior fascicular block
      of the left branch of the bundle of His in QRS axis deviation from 0 to -45
      degrees].

PMID- 3695058
TI  - [Effect of duration and degree of obesity and hereditary taint on HDL cholesterol
      fractions and cholesterol index of arteriosclerosis (Ia) in children with
      excessive body mass].

PMID- 3695059
TI  - [A case of successful completion of pregnancy in a patient with Ebstein's
      anomaly].

PMID- 3695060
TI  - [Usefulness of echocardiography in the diagnosis of persistent left superior vena
      cava].

PMID- 3695061
TI  - [Effect of erect posture on prostacyclin and catecholamines in patients with
      arterial hypertension].

PMID- 3695062
TI  - [Digitalis glycoside overdosage in the light of therapy monitored by measurement
      of serum drug levels].

PMID- 3695063
TI  - [Therapy monitored by the measurement of phenytoin levels in patients with
      ventricular disorders of cardiac rhythm].

PMID- 3695064
TI  - [Reliability of the morphological evaluation of the ST segment in the
      electrocardiogram recorded by the Holter method using Medilog 2 equipment of the
      direct recording type].

PMID- 3695065
TI  - [Effect of long-term hydrochlorothiazide treatment on the hemodynamics of
      patients with primary arterial hypertension].

PMID- 3695066
TI  - [Dynamics of anxiety and moods in patients after myocardial infarction
      hospitalized in the cardiological intensive care unit].

PMID- 3695067
TI  - [Atrial infarction--contribution to diagnosis].

PMID- 3695068
TI  - [Functional disorders of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in total myocardial ischemia
      and the protective effect of quercetin].

PMID- 3695069
TI  - [Potentiation of the anti-ischemic effect of cardioplegic solutions by
      phosphorylated metabolites].
AB  - An experimental study in 307 isolated rat hearts was concerned with variations in
      myocardial resting tension, resting membrane potential, ATP levels and myocardial
      heat production in conditions of cardioplegic heart arrest by an ion-balanced
      cardioplegic solution with and without phosphorylated metabolites (ATP,
      phosphocreatine, inosine-F, glucose-6-phosphate) and dephosphorylated metabolites
      (glucose, inosine, and inorganic phosphates). Phosphorylated metabolites,
      incorporated in the solution, had a marked protective effect due to the
      activation of substrate regulation mechanisms at different stages of ATP
      synthesis and facilitation of cardiomyocyte adaptation to ischemic, hypothermic
      and cardioplegic exposure.

PMID- 3695070
TI  - [The role of catecholamines in various brain nuclei in maintaining the stability
      of physiological functions in emotional stress].
AB  - Direct arterial BP recording through an indwelling catheter in the tail artery
      showed August rats to be more prone to disorders of arterial BP control under
      emotional stress, as compared to Wistar rats. High baselines of catecholamines,
      dopamine in particular, in the cerebral nuclei, and the involvement of zone A1
      adrenalin BP control are unfavorable indicators of a predisposition to abrupt BP
      changes in response to stress. Locus ceruleus is shown to play an essential role
      in BP control under emotional stress, its functions being largely determined by
      genetic mechanisms.

PMID- 3695071
TI  - [Stenocardia at rest in arteriosclerotic lesions of a single coronary artery].

PMID- 3695072
TI  - [Mental status of women with myocardial infarction].

PMID- 3695073
TI  - [Changes in the antioxidant enzyme activity of the blood in patients with
      ischemic heart disease during treatment with nitrosorbide].

PMID- 3695074
TI  - [Functional status of the peripheral veins in patients with ischemic heart
      disease].

PMID- 3695075
TI  - [A case of idiopathic dissecting aneurysm of the ascending aorta (Gzell-Erdheim
      syndrome)].

PMID- 3695076
TI  - [Ischemic heart disease in young persons with arteriopathy of non-inflammatory
      nature].

PMID- 3695077
TI  - [Diagnostic difficulties in ajmaline-induced hepatitis].

PMID- 3695078
TI  - [Myocardial blood flow and its determining factors in patients with ischemic
      heart disease].

PMID- 3695079
TI  - [Status of the coronary bed in post-infarction stenocardia].
AB  - Selective coronary angiography was performed in 80 patients with early
      postinfarction angina. All patients showed stenoses in at least one artery. Two
      vessels were affected in 37.5%, three vessels, in 51.3%, one vessel, in 11.3%. In
      8.8% of cases, left coronary-arterial trunk was affected in addition to other
      arteries. Complete occlusion of one or several arteries was noted in 62.5%. There
      were marked collaterals in 20% of patients. The only difference between patients
      who showed relative resistance to medication and those whose condition could be
      stabilized was in the number of occluded vessels (69.2 and 35.1%, respectively).
      Coronary arterial lesions were operable in 68% of cases.

PMID- 3695080
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of lesions of the left coronary artery trunk and multiple
      hemodynamically-significant stenoses of the coronary arteries].
AB  - Clinical manifestations were compared in coronary patients with different sites
      and spread of coronary atherosclerosis, in order to assess the feasibility of
      differential diagnosis of left coronary arterial (LCA) trunk lesions versus
      multiple coronary arterial stenoses. Four groups of patients were examined:
      isolated third- or fourth-degree LCA trunk stenosis (15 patients, group 1); third
      or fourth-degree stenosis of the anterior interventricular branch (AIVB) and the
      circumflex branch (CB) (44 patients, group 2); third- or fourth-degree stenosis
      of AIVB, CB or the right coronary artery (RCA) (77 patients, group 3); and third-
      or fourth-degree stenosis of AIVB, CB, the diagonal branch or RCA (33 patients,
      group 4). The clinical condition of patients with isolated LCA branch lesions was
      much worse than that of patients with multiple coronary arterial stenosis.
      Differential diagnosis is based on the severity of the pain syndrome, the spread
      of ischemic zone on resting ECG, the scope of past myocardial infarction, stress
      tolerance and the magnitude of ST depression in response to exercise.

PMID- 3695081
TI  - [Unstable stenocardia: functional activity and free cytoplasmic calcium of
      thrombocytes and vaso- and thrombocytoactive prostanoids].
AB  - Platelet function was studied in patients with diverse clinical patterns of
      unstable angina. In vasospastic angina, anginal attacks coincide with the highest
      increment in Ca2+ of platelets, and their high sensitivity to aggregation
      inductors, which declines as the condition stabilizes. Unstable angina without
      the vasospastic component is associated with reduced platelet sensitivity to
      aggregation inductors, particularly so in patients showing signs of intracoronary
      thrombosis. Spontaneous anginal attacks are accompanied with a rise of
      thromboxane B2 and a drop in the stable prostacyclin metabolite level.

PMID- 3695082
TI  - [Vasospastic reactions in patients with ischemic heart disease (data of the
      ergometrin test)].
AB  - A study of 157 patients with verified or suspected coronary disease, subjected to
      the intravenous ergometrin test, is reported. A clear-cut correlation is
      demonstrated between the rate of clinically and electrocardiographically positive
      tests, the pattern of the pain syndrome and the clinical course of the disease.
      Vasospastic response was particularly common in patients with unstable angina. Of
      those, patients prone to attacks of acute coronary insufficiency in the presence
      of progressive angina with recent clinical coronary manifestations were
      particularly sensitive to ergometrin. Among patients with stable angina, angina
      of the higher functional classes was associated with a considerable rate of
      positive ergometrin tests. Vasoconstrictive response was rather uncommon in
      individuals with intact stress tolerance and spontaneous chest pains, suggestive
      of spontaneous angina. There were no vasospastic reactions in patients with the
      atypical pain syndrome.

PMID- 3695083
TI  - [Clinical value of the cholesterol test in patients with arteriosclerosis].
AB  - Capacity for the excretion of cholesterol (CS) and bile acids was studied, using
      an original cholesterol load test, in atherosclerotic patients. They showed
      reduced fecal excretion of neutral sterols and bile acids following cholesterol
      load, unlike normal subjects, whose respective values were increased irrespective
      of age. Fecal excretion of these substances was particularly low in second-type
      hyperlipoproteinemia. Atherosclerosis-related changes of sterol balance may be an
      evidence of latent incompetence of mechanisms of hepatic evacuation of substances
      that may be regarded as atherosclerotic risk factors.

PMID- 3695084
TI  - [Skin cholesterol level and its correlation with the lipid indicators of the
      blood serum in healthy persons and in patients with ischemic heart disease].
AB  - Skin free and esterified cholesterol in the forearm and serum lipid levels were
      examined in 42 male coronary patients and 46 normal male subjects. Irrespective
      of the type of dislipoproteinemia or normolipidemia, total cholesterol and its
      free fraction appear to be significantly increased in coronary patients, as
      compared to normal subjects. There were no significant correlations between the
      examined skin and serum parameters, either in coronary patients, or in the
      controls. Possible use of skin cholesterol measurement in the diagnosis of lipid
      disturbances leading to atherosclerosis is discussed.

PMID- 3695085
TI  - [Current problems of the pathological anatomy of ischemic (coronary) heart
      disease].
AB  - Original and reported data are reviewed with respect to the development, from
      childhood onwards, of coronary arterial atherosclerosis. The leading contribution
      of coronary arterial thrombosis to myocardial infarction is demonstrated, as is
      high incidence of excentric atherosclerotic patches in coronary arteries, which
      are prone to spasm in the presence of such patches; the course and complications
      of left ventricular and right atrial or right ventricular infarction are
      described. Data on "incomplete", stable and unstable myocardial infarction are
      presented.

PMID- 3695086
TI  - [Blood lipid levels in various forms of ischemic heart disease].
AB  - Enzyme assays of major blood lipid parameters detected no differences between
      peripheral venous blood specimens of normal subjects and functional cardiologic
      patients, nor between peripheral and central flow specimens of patients with
      neurocirculatory dystonia. Alpha cholesterol was typically decreased in all types
      of coronary disease, the decrease being particularly marked in central cardiac
      flow. Chronic coronary disease is associated with a rise of total cholesterol,
      its atherogenic fractions, the atherogenic coefficient and blood triglycerides,
      as compared to the respective parameters of functional cardiac patients. Acute
      and subacute coronary disease is associated with decreased blood lipid values, as
      compared to chronic coronary disease. Blood lipid phenotyping and secondary
      preventive procedures should rather be done in the absence of aggravations.

PMID- 3695088
TI  - [Bioenergy metabolism in lymphocytes in ischemic heart disease].
AB  - Blood lymphocyte energy metabolism was assessed in coronary patients. Among
      intracellular adenine nucleotides, ATP was shown to be particularly prone to
      change, declining in proportion to the progress of the disease in all patients.
      ADP (1st functional class, or FC) and AMP (1st and 3d FC) declined less markedly.
      Atkinson's energy potential remained stable, although reduced significantly in
      patients of the 3d FC. Lymphocyte glycolytic activity was significantly lowered
      in patients of the 3d and 4th FC. Possible mechanisms of blood lymphocyte energy
      disorders, associated with coronary heart disease, are discussed.

PMID- 3695087
TI  - [Absorption of immune complexes by neutrophils in patients with ischemic heart
      disease].
AB  - Neutrophil absorption capacity was studied in 45 coronary patients, using immune
      complexes, containing various immunoglobulin classes. Neutrophil capacity for
      absorption increases at early stages of the disease and decreases with the
      progress of its duration and severity, while serum immune complex levels go up.

PMID- 3695089
TI  - [Comparison of cardiospecific enzyme activity in the blood in the acute period of
      myocardial infarction and in unstable stenocardia].
AB  - The fact that the pattern of blood enzymes (CPK, MB CPK, GOT, LDG, LDG-1 and LDG
      2) and ratios thereof (CPK/GOT, CPK/LDG, LDG-1/LDG-2) is similar in acute
      unstable angina to that of myocardial infarction is suggestive of possible
      myocardial involvement, which is however associated with a smaller ischemic
      focus.

PMID- 3695090
TI  - [Evaluation of the informative value and safety of the transesophageal atrial
      electric stimulation test in patients with unstable stenocardia and myocardial
      infarction (data of 24-hour ECG monitoring)].
AB  - The effect of the transesophageal pacing test (TEPT) on the occurrence of
      ventricular arrhythmias and ischemic episodes was examined on the basis of 24
      hour ECG monitoring in patients with unstable angina (UA) and myocardial
      infarction (MI). It is demonstrated that TEPT is a relatively safe test for UA
      and MI patients (to be performed on day 10-14), which does not provoke severe
      arrhythmias during and after the testing, but for short paroxysms of ventricular
      tachycardia seen in 2-4% of the cases. Both painful and painless ST displacements
      were recorded during the test; ST elevation was only noted in MI patients. The
      time of ECG baseline recovery was longer in painful ischemic episodes, as
      compared to painless ones. The TEPT test is a valuable instrument for detecting
      latent atrioventricular conductivity disorders in UA and MI patients.

PMID- 3695091
TI  - [ECG changes during the exercise test and perfusion pressure in the basin of the
      left coronary artery].
AB  - Variation in cumulative electrocardiographic depolarization (delta epsilon QRS)
      and repolarization (delta epsilon T and ST depression below 1 mm and more)
      parameters at threshold stress, achieved by stepwise augmentation, was compared
      with perfusion pressure in the left coronary arterial network, measured at
      coronaro-angiography, in 103 coronary patients. It is concluded that changes in
      cumulative ECG parameters at threshold stress can only be suggestive of a
      possible drop in perfusion pressure in the left coronary arterial network.

PMID- 3695092
TI  - [Mathematical analysis of the interrelations of the indicators of lipid
      metabolism and parameters of the oxygen transport system in patients with
      ischemic heart disease].
AB  - Mathematical processing of research results (correlation, multifactorial and
      cluster analyses) has demonstrated intricate relationships between blood lipid
      composition and parameters of hemodynamic and oxygen support of exercise,
      undetectable by routine statistical procedures, in coronary patients. Coronary
      patients with hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) showed inadequately strained and
      uneconomical cardio-respiratory operation in the course of exercise. The pattern
      of hemodynamic and oxygen support of exercise was similar in HLP patients with
      cardialgia and coronary HLP patients whose coronary reserve was mildly limited.
      The control of lipid metabolic disorders is of preventive as well as direct
      therapeutic value, as it aims to eliminate hypoxia, normalize hemodynamic and
      oxygen support of exercise and, consequently, improve working capacity.

PMID- 3695093
TI  - [Hemodynamic support of physical loads in patients with ischemic heart disease
      and a permanent artificial pacemaker].
AB  - A study, using noninvasive monitoring during bicycle ergometry, was carried out
      to assess hemodynamic support of physical stress in coronary patients with
      implanted pacemaker (IPM). Heart contractility of IPM-carrying coronary patients
      was reduced, with capacity for compensation diminished even at rest, while
      exercise contributed to further deterioration of those. Adequate hemodynamic
      support of stress was only observed in patients belonging to the second
      functional class.

PMID- 3695094
TI  - [Positive sign of the stenocardia syndrome as a criterion of myocardial ischemia
      during the treadmill test].
AB  - Diagnostic validity of the criteria of myocardial ischemia in coronary patients
      exposed to the treadmill test is assessed. The risk of a false diagnosis of
      coronary insufficiency on the basis of the pain syndrome was 5 times as high as
      that of diagnosis based on ischemic electrocardiographic ST depression. In
      subjective assessment of walking tolerance, patients with severe angina were
      particularly prone to mistakes. Limitations of angina classifications by
      severity, based on subjective sensations of coronary patients, are considered.

PMID- 3695095
TI  - [Functional status of the left side of the heart in patients with ischemic heart
      disease during isometric exercise].
AB  - Hemodynamic parameters of left-ventricular and left-atrial contractility and
      pumping function were examined in 47 males with postinfarction cardiosclerosis
      and no clinical signs of circulatory insufficiency and in 30 normal male
      subjects, exposed to isometric leg exercise with the highest possible compression
      force. At the height of exercise, normal subjects showed increased left
      ventricular myocardial contractility along with the initiation of the Frank
      Starling mechanism, spreading to the left atrium as well, while coronary patients
      responded to increased stress by growing left-atrial reservoir function during
      the first minutes of exercise, and activated left-atrial transport and pumping
      functions afterwards. Isometric leg exercise is capable of detecting left-atrial
      and left-ventricular pumping and contractility disorders in coronary patients.

PMID- 3695096
TI  - [Isometric exercise tolerance in healthy women and in those with myocardial
      infarction].
AB  - Isometric stress tolerance was examined in 40 normal females and 40 female
      patients with subacute myocardial infarction (MI). Normal females exhibited
      smaller hand grip force, as compared to normal males with similar static stress
      tolerance. Female MI patients, like their male counterparts, showed uncompromised
      hand grip force, while their static stress tolerance was reduced, being
      approximately similar in both male and female patients. In normal females and
      female MI patients, changes in heart rate, systolic and diastolic arterial blood
      pressure and the double product were similar to those observed in males, but were
      induced by smaller static stress.

PMID- 3695097
TI  - [Comparison of the thrombogenic properties of vascular wall after exposure to
      different lasers].
AB  - Quantitative thrombogenic assessment of the inner arterial surface after laser
      exposure was made in 33 experiments with peripheral arterial strips of dogs. In
      one experiment, vascular strips with native, mechanically de-endotheliazed or
      laser-damaged surface were consecutively placed in a platelet-enriched plasma
      recirculation system, after which platelet adhesion was estimated on vascular
      surface of the three types, using a scanning electron microscope, and the
      relative thrombogenic index was calculated. The laser models used included: 1)
      the AIG-neodymium model, 1.06 micron; 2) the argon model with visible (488 and
      514 nm) and ultraviolet (350 nm) spectra; 3) the XeCl excimer type, 308 nm, as
      well as a preheated metal rod, imitating a ceramic or metal tip of the light
      guide outlet. The thrombogenic index was 83 +/- 7; 72 +/- 8; 57 +/- 9; 63 +/- 7
      and 82 +/- 9%, respectively, for the above types of exposure, the differences
      being virtually insignificant. It is suggested that, irrespective of the type of
      laser employed, laser angioplasty should at least be accompanied with intensive
      anticoagulant therapy.

PMID- 3695098
TI  - [Role of genetic factors in the occurrence of systolic hypertension in persons of
      the older age groups].

PMID- 3695099
TI  - [Prevalence of ischemic heart disease and its risk factors and possible
      correction of the latter in an organized contingent].

PMID- 3695100
TI  - [Methodological problems in analyzing the dynamics of temporary loss of work
      capacity by assessing the prevention of cardiovascular diseases].

PMID- 3695101
TI  - [Risk factors for arterial hypertension in workers in the ship-repair industry].

PMID- 3695102
TI  - [Initial experience using magnetocardiography in the cardiology clinic].

PMID- 3695103
TI  - [Levels of hypophyseal-adrenal system hormones in the blood of acute myocardial
      infarct patients under treatment with the Soviet hexapeptide dalargin].

PMID- 3695104
TI  - [Effect of potassium chloride on the circulatory system of persons with
      hypertension and hypertensive reactions in load tests].

PMID- 3695105
TI  - [Emergency therapy of paroxysmal tachyarrhythmias].

PMID- 3695106
TI  - [Polymorphism of familial cardiovascular changes].
AB  - Twenty-five probands (20- to 29-year-old males), selected from an epidemiologic
      population on the basis of their ECG patterns, and their first-degree relatives
      were studied. Intrafamilial similarity and difference of cardiovascular patterns
      were demonstrated, as was their frequent association with hereditary connective
      tissue changes.

PMID- 3695107
TI  - [Ischemic heart disease and the biological age of men over 40].
AB  - A population of 40- to 64-year-old males (normal subjects and coronary patients)
      were examined in order to estimate their biological age on the basis of
      cardiovascular and respiratory functional parameters and multiple regression
      analysis dynamometry in relation to hormonal status; it may be considered as a
      factor, contributing to cardiovascular pathology.

PMID- 3695108
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of the lipoprotein spectrum in hypercholesterolemia
      in 40- to 59-year-old men living in Moscow and Kharkov].
AB  - Total cholesterol, triglycerides and high- and low-density lipoprotein
      cholesterol were measured in a study of 40-59-years-old male populations in
      Moscow and Kharkov. Hypercholesterolemic individuals were identified, using
      standard criteria, in both cities. Although mean lipid parameters were similar in
      individuals with second-type hyperlipoproteinemia from Moscow and Kharkov, the
      pattern of hypercholesterolemia was different in terms of the lipoprotein
      spectrum. It is concluded that detailed differentiation of second-type
      hyperlipoproteinemia is essential for the identification of major mechanisms of
      the atherogenic potential of hypercholesterolemia in different populations.

PMID- 3695109
TI  - [Nutrition and levels of risk factors for ischemic heart disease in 30- to 59
      year-old men of Novosibirsk and resident newcomers of Chukotka].
AB  - Data on actual diets and major coronary risk factors are presented for residents
      of a district in Novosibirsk and nonaboriginal residents of Chukotka.
      Epidemiologic (quantitative assessment of dietary habits, questioning to detect
      angina of effort), biochemical (assays of plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, high
      density lipoprotein cholesterol) and physiologic (arterial BP, height and weight
      measurements) methods were used. Differences are demonstrated between the diets
      common for Novosibirsk and nonaboriginal Chukotka residents, which show
      correlation to differences in the incidence of major coronary risk factors.

PMID- 3695110
TI  - [Incidence of nonspecific myocardial changes in the native inhabitants of
      different climatic and geographical areas of Mongolia].
AB  - Nonspecific myocardial changes were studied in 1357 aboriginal males, aged 20 to
      59 years and living in 4 different climatic and geographic regions of Mongolia.
      ECG analysis and interpretation was based on the Minnesota code (3-2, 5-1, 5-2, 5
      3). Nonspecific changes in the T wave, STj and ST segment were particularly
      frequent in records from leads V1-4, and minimal in records from the left chest
      leads (V5-6). These features were detected in 21.9 +/- 2.7% (p less than 0.01) of
      the Khangai population, 14.6 +/- 2.2% (p less than 0.01) of the Gobi-Altaic
      population, 6.0 +/- 2.8% in mid-altitude people, and 4.0 +/- 1.2% in low altitude
      ones. A comparison of the two former, high-altitude, populations showed the
      changes to occur more frequently (by 7.3%) in Khangai population, as compared to
      Gobi-Altaic residents (p less than 0.05), suggesting that the development of
      nonspecific myocardial changes is influenced by other, more forceful, factors,
      such as cold, as well as the altitude factor. The incidence of nonspecific
      myocardial changes increases with age. Differential diagnosis of coronary heart
      disease should use exercise testing in addition to the Minnesota code criteria.

PMID- 3695111
TI  - [Potential ischemic heart disease and mortality in the male population 40- to 59
      years-old over 6.5 years of observation].
AB  - Analyses of the results of epidemiologic studies of the incidence of coronary
      heart disease (CHD) and the planning of preventive programs should take into
      account independent predictive values of the diagnostic criteria of suspected
      CHD. The risk of cardiovascular death is found to be 3 times as high in
      individuals with suspected CHD as it is in those showing no CHD signs.

PMID- 3695112
TI  - [Possibilities for the polyclinic cardiologist in treating hyperlipoproteinemias
      in men with risk factors for ischemic heart disease].
AB  - A total of 158 males with coronary risk factors and excessive (4 to 55% above
      normal) body weight were treated by diet and exercise for hyperlipoproteinemia in
      an out-patient clinic for 18 months. Blood cholesterol decreased significantly,
      by 14.4% (p less than 0.001), in 10% of the males who had lost at least 10% of
      excessive weight. Blood triglycerides decreased by 23% in 22% of the patients,
      who had lost 5.5% and more of excessive body weight (p less than 0.01). A two
      month course of treatment with essential forte in combination with diet and
      regular exercise reduced blood cholesterol by 15.1% in 62%, and blood
      triglycerides, by 44.5% in 61.9% (p less than 0.001).

PMID- 3695113
TI  - [The immediate effectiveness of rehabilitative treatment and secondary prevention
      in ischemic heart disease patients at Palanga health resort].
AB  - The effectiveness of rehabilitation and secondary prevention was analysed in 1761
      coronary patients treated at Palanga health resort. Rehabilitation measures were
      prescribed to patients on the basis of their functional state (FS), sets of
      cardiovascular and nervous symptoms and stress tolerance tests. The improvement
      of FS was observed in 74.8% of patients, while 3.1% and 19.2% of patients
      displayed impairment or no changes, respectively. The sets of symptoms, related
      to angina pectoris, stress tolerance, myocardial impairment and central nervous
      function, underwent the greatest variation throughout the rehabilitation
      treatment. Negative FS dynamics were determined by unfavorable sets of symptoms
      (apparent myocardial impairment, heart failure and dysrhythmias).

PMID- 3695114
TI  - [Results of a prospective epidemiological study of arterial hypertension among an
      organized female population].
AB  - Data on the prevalence of arterial hypertension (AH) among female workers of a
      large Vladivostok ship-repair plant, between 20 and 54 years of age, are
      presented. AH was detected in 17.5% of the screened women. The results of follow
      up screening tests, performed 3 years later, are reviewed. Marginal arterial
      hypertension is shown to be the principal source of AH. Aggravated cardiovascular
      heredity also contributes to AH. Women showed great interest in participating in
      preventive and therapeutic programs at the medical division of an industrial
      enterprise.

PMID- 3695115
TI  - [Measured walking as a means of secondary prevention of arterial hypertension].
AB  - An epidemiologic study of a representative sample of a population of 40- to 59
      year-old males assessed the effect of one year of rationed walking, as a
      nonmedicated method of secondary prevention of moderately persistent arterial
      hypertension, on arterial blood pressure, its response to stress, and physical
      working capacity; the utility of training regimens after a course of medication
      to control arterial blood pressure is demonstrated.

PMID- 3695116
TI  - [Functional changes of myocardial contraction and relaxation in hypertension
      patients as affected by reflexotherapy].
AB  - 49 patients with initial stages of essential hypertension (EH) were investigated
      using phase systole analysis and echocardiography during acupuncture
      (reflexotherapy) treatment. It was established that even at the initial stages of
      EH increasing of myocardial mass and the disturbances of contractile and
      diastolic activity of myocardium take place. As a result of acupuncture a stable
      hypotensive effect, improvement or normalization of contractile function and
      diastolic values, a decrease of energy loss, reversal of myocardial hypertrophy
      were achieved. It is the decrease of sympathetic influences on the circulation
      system that plays an important part in the onset of these positive changes.

PMID- 3695117
TI  - [Hemodynamic characteristics during 2-chamber electrostimulation of the heart].
AB  - Cardiac output was investigated in coronary patients with temporary (15) and
      permanent (16) programmed two-chamber electrostimulation of the heart, using
      different induced atrioventricular interval values. The study was based on
      integral rheoplethysmography, peripheral volumetric sphygmography, sectoral
      echocardiography and two-dimensional doppler echocardiography with color code.
      The adjustment of atrioventricular interval in two-chamber cardiac
      electrostimulation can modulate cardiac output by means of changing the duration
      and rate of left-ventricular filling flow, produced by the atrial systole.

PMID- 3695118
TI  - [Heart rhythm in cardiovascular disorders of neurotic origin].
AB  - Cardiac rhythm (CR) and vegetative parameters at rest and after a series of short
      term loads were compared in normal subjects and neurotic patients with the
      cardiologic syndrome (group 1) and those with vegetovascular crisis (Group 2). At
      rest, second-group patients demonstrated the best CR stabilization (by sigma R
      R), with the CR oscillation pattern respiratory constituent (RC) diminished and
      its slow-wave (SW2) constituent prevailing as well as the highest arterial BP and
      intrasystemic dissociations (the Kerdo index). First-group patients showed the
      greatest sigma R-R, with the SW2 prevailing in the presence of a greater RC
      contribution, as compared to group 2 patients. Different patterns of post
      exercise change were demonstrated: normal subjects showed increased heart rate,
      BP and sigma R-R, with doubled SW1 contribution, reduced SW2 and unchanged RC, an
      evidence of sympathetic mobilization in the presence of vagal pacemaker effects.
      In second-group patients, heart rate and BP were reduced, the contribution of SW2
      increased, and that of SW1 and RC diminished, while the initial CR stabilization
      by the sigma R-R remained unchanged. Inter-systemic dissociations were
      demonstrated, using the Hildebrandt index; this combination signals overstrain of
      the controlling mechanisms, growing centralization of CR control and
      disadaptation. In first-group patients, BP rose, heart rate and sigma R-R
      declined, while the CR oscillation pattern remained basically unchanged,
      suggesting a rigidity of the central adaptation mechanisms.

PMID- 3695119
TI  - [Evaluation of the results of closed mitral commissurotomy in the early and late
      periods after surgery, based on data from a complex echocardiographic
      examination].
AB  - A study of early and late results of closed mitral commissurotomy demonstrated a
      1.8-fold increase in two-dimensional mitral opening area, as compared to
      preoperative data, largely due to an increase in intercommissural diameter, with
      intercuspid diameter only slightly changed. In most cases, the operation was not
      conducive to complete recovery of the mitral opening area that averaged 3 cm2.
      Impulse doppler-echocardiography showed a 2.1-fold postoperative decrease in
      diastolic blood pressure gradient. The operation was less effective in cases of
      mitral calcinosis. One-dimensional investigation demonstrated an insignificant
      postoperative variation in Vef of the mitral anterior cusp.

PMID- 3695120
TI  - [Enzymatic diagnosis of acute ischemia and myocardial infarction in the early
      postoperative period in cardiosurgical patients].

PMID- 3695121
TI  - [Significance of heart septum movement after heart valve prosthesis].

PMID- 3695122
TI  - [Reproducibility of various echocardiographic indicators of the left ventricle in
      patients with heart valve prostheses].

PMID- 3695123
TI  - [Maintenance of pulmonary ventilation during reconstructive operations on the
      trachea].

PMID- 3695124
TI  - [Changes in hemodynamics during lung resection in patients with chronic
      nonspecific suppurative lung diseases].

PMID- 3695125
TI  - [Value of transthoracic drainage by the Monaldi and Seldinger methods in the
      complex treatment of lung abscesses].

PMID- 3695126
TI  - [Clinico-roentgenological comparisons for the optimal management of patients with
      chest injuries].

PMID- 3695127
TI  - [Complex approach in the diagnosis of pulmonary echinococcosis].

PMID- 3695128
TI  - [Early thoracotomy as a method of selection of treatment of clotted
      pneumothorax].

PMID- 3695129
TI  - [Microflora in pleural empyema].

PMID- 3695130
TI  - [The first experience with the surgical treatment of tachyarrhythmia].

PMID- 3695131
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of nonspecific spontaneous pneumothorax].

PMID- 3695132
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of rheumatic heart defects and dilated cardiomyopathy in
      evaluating the indications for surgical treatment].

PMID- 3695134
TI  - [Organ-sparing operations on the lungs using the CO2 laser].

PMID- 3695133
TI  - [Experience with operative interventions on the bronchi].

PMID- 3695135
TI  - [Clinico-physiological substantiation of organ-sparing operations in bullous lung
      diseases].

PMID- 3695136
TI  - [Experience with the surgical treatment of heart injuries].

PMID- 3695137
TI  - [Emergency thoracoscopy in thoracic surgery].

PMID- 3695139
TI  - [Evaluation of the initial immunological status of patients with acute lung
      abscesses].

PMID- 3695138
TI  - [Autologous blood transfusion in thoracic surgery].

PMID- 3695140
TI  - [Neck trauma with open injury of the trachea].

PMID- 3695141
TI  - [Diagnostic difficulties in traumatic diaphragmatic hernia].

PMID- 3695142
TI  - [The "azygos vein lobe"].

PMID- 3695143
TI  - [Errors in the diagnosis of gastric phlegmon].

PMID- 3695144
TI  - [Errors in the diagnosis of transpyloric prolapse].

PMID- 3695145
TI  - [Injury of the duodenum during an operation on the kidney].

PMID- 3695146
TI  - [Multiple penetrating heart wounds].

PMID- 3695147
TI  - [Thoracic injury with cardiac tamponade].

PMID- 3695148
TI  - [Occlusion of the bronchi as a method of temporary arrest of massive pulmonary
      hemorrhage].

PMID- 3695149
TI  - [Surgical tactics in combined echinococcosis of the lungs and liver].

PMID- 3695150
TI  - [Renopleural fistula of tuberculous etiology in calculous pyonephrosis].

PMID- 3695152
TI  - [Dynamic gastroscintigraphy in the evaluation of the motor-emptying function of
      the stomach after selective proximal vagotomy].

PMID- 3695151
TI  - [Tachykinesia of an artificial esophagus of ileocolon].

PMID- 3695153
TI  - [Giant stomach ulcers].

PMID- 3695154
TI  - [Clinico-roentgenological comparisons in large and giant stomach ulcers].

PMID- 3695155
TI  - [Amino acid spectrum of the blood serum in patients with complicated duodenal
      ulcer after truncal vagotomy with drainage operations].

PMID- 3695156
TI  - [Serum cyanocobalamin level in patients with peptic ulcer before and after
      pylorus-sparing resection of the stomach].

PMID- 3695157
TI  - [Recurrent peptic ulcer perforation after re-resection of the stomach].

PMID- 3695158
TI  - [Emergency gastrofibroscopy in gastrointestinal hemorrhage].

PMID- 3695159
TI  - [Eosinophilic granuloma of the stomach].

PMID- 3695160
TI  - [Multiple fissures of gastric mucosa].

PMID- 3695161
TI  - [2 cases of gastric torsion].

PMID- 3695163
TI  - [Multiple foreign bodies of the stomach].

PMID- 3695162
TI  - [Ectopic pancreas in the gastric wall].

PMID- 3695164
TI  - [Helicoid-like sternotomy, a new method of saw-cutting the sternum].

PMID- 3695165
TI  - [A device for biopsy of soft tissues].

PMID- 3695166
TI  - [Surgical treatment of valvular infectious endocarditis].

PMID- 3695167
TI  - [New methods of studying the adaptive and eliminative functions of the large
      intestine in children].

PMID- 3695168
TI  - [Subpyloric jejunal duodenoplasty in the treatment of reflux esophagitis].

PMID- 3695169
TI  - [Characteristics of the method of gastroduodenofibroscopy in gastroptosis and
      gastroduodenoptosis].

PMID- 3695170
TI  - [Changes in organic circulation in patients with tetralogy of Fallot before and
      after the operation].

PMID- 3695171
TI  - [Mortality in the treatment of obstructive jaundice patients and measures for
      decreasing mortality].

PMID- 3695173
TI  - [Surgical treatment of bile duct injuries during gastric resection].

PMID- 3695172
TI  - [Extracholedochal causes of obstructive jaundice and cholangitis in acute
      cholecystitis].

PMID- 3695174
TI  - [Late surgical results in noncalculous cervical cholecystitis].

PMID- 3695175
TI  - [Temporary loss of the patient's work capacity after uncomplicated
      cholecystectomy].

PMID- 3695176
TI  - [Role of gamma scintigraphy in the diagnosis of calculous cholecystitis].

PMID- 3695177
TI  - [Liver absorptive-excretory function before and after cholecystectomy in young
      patients].

PMID- 3695178
TI  - [Recovery times of organ blood flow in acute cholecystitis].

PMID- 3695179
TI  - [Characteristics of the immunological status of patients with hepatic alveolar
      hydatid disease].

PMID- 3695181
TI  - [Early surgical treatment of acute calculous cholecystitis].

PMID- 3695180
TI  - [Characteristics of the enzymatic processes of the blood and liver in obstructive
      jaundice in an experiment].

PMID- 3695183
TI  - [Lithotripsy in the surgical treatment of patients with fixed calculi of the
      common bile duct].

PMID- 3695182
TI  - [Advantages of an active surgical procedure in acute cholecystitis in patients
      over 60].

PMID- 3695184
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory diseases of the biliary tract].

PMID- 3695185
TI  - [Relaparotomy in the surgical treatment of cholecystitis and biliary
      pancreatitis].

PMID- 3695186
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of the postcholecystectomy syndrome due to spasm of the
      major duodenal papilla].

PMID- 3695187
TI  - [Plasmapheresis and compensation for plasma loss in the combined treatment of
      endotoxicosis and liver failure].

PMID- 3695188
TI  - [Peritoneo-atrial shunting in treating patients with liver cirrhosis and
      ascites].

PMID- 3695189
TI  - [Combined operations in planned abdominal surgery].

PMID- 3695191
TI  - [Peritonitis in acute diseases of the biliary tract].

PMID- 3695190
TI  - [Non-clostridial anaerobic infection in suppurative cholangitis and cholangitic
      abscesses of the liver].

PMID- 3695192
TI  - [Surgical procedure in acute cholecystitis].

PMID- 3695193
TI  - [Gallstones complicated by an internal biliary-intestinal fistula, obstructive
      ileus and intestinal perforation].

PMID- 3695194
TI  - [Use of endoscopic retrograde pancreatocholangiography in diagnosing and treating
      choledocholithiasis].

PMID- 3695195
TI  - [Cyst of the common bile duct containing calculi].

PMID- 3695196
TI  - [Congenital absence of the gallbladder].

PMID- 3695197
TI  - [Isolated phlegmon of the ligamentum teres hepatis].

PMID- 3695198
TI  - [Rare case of a foreign body of the liver].

PMID- 3695199
TI  - [Treatment of the gallbladder bed with KL-3 glue].

PMID- 3695200
TI  - [Method for endoscopic suprapapillary choledochoduodenostomy].

PMID- 3695201
TI  - [Cysticocholedochoduodenostomy].

PMID- 3695202
TI  - [Use of a metal framework in treating cicatricial strictures of the extrahepatic
      bile ducts].

PMID- 3695203
TI  - [A modified probe for endoscopic papillosphincterotomy].

PMID- 3695204
TI  - [Antibacterial prevention of complications in the surgical treatment of
      inflammatory diseases of the biliary tract].

PMID- 3695205
TI  - [Repair of crural skin defects with Filatov's double flaps].

PMID- 3695206
TI  - [Peridural anesthesia in geriatric surgery].

PMID- 3695207
TI  - [Relaparotomy following surgical errors in abdominal injuries].

PMID- 3695208
TI  - [Complex evaluation of the effectiveness of the treatment of patients with
      chronic osteomyelitis].

PMID- 3695209
TI  - [Myoplasty of bone cavities].

PMID- 3695210
TI  - [Modification of an operation in femoral neck fractures].

PMID- 3695211
TI  - [Treatment of paronychia of the nail phalanx].

PMID- 3695212
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of intra- and retroperitoneal hemorrhage in patients with
      multiple injuries].

PMID- 3695214
TI  - [Melanoma of the fingers simulating paronychia].

PMID- 3695213
TI  - [Use of lasers in the rehabilitation of patients with replanted large segments of
      the extremities].

PMID- 3695215
TI  - [Epithelial traumatic cysts of the palm in athletes].

PMID- 3695216
TI  - [Ambulatory surgical treatment of patients with sequelae of injuries and diseases
      of the hand].

PMID- 3695217
TI  - [Treatment and prevention of acute suppurative and inflammatory diseases of the
      hand in a rural population].

PMID- 3695218
TI  - [Treatment of patients with phlegmons of the hand].

PMID- 3695219
TI  - [Treatment of burn patients].

PMID- 3695220
TI  - [Classification of cranio-cerebral trauma].

PMID- 3695221
TI  - [Antibiotic therapy in patients after operations on the locomotor system].

PMID- 3695222
TI  - [Echinococcosis of the spine and hip joint].

PMID- 3695223
TI  - [Treatment of patients with closed injuries of soft tissues of the extremities].

PMID- 3695224
TI  - [Osteosynthesis using pin systems with supporting projections].

PMID- 3695225
TI  - [Osteomyelitis in patients after buried metal osteosynthesis].

PMID- 3695227
TI  - [Ultraviolet irradiation of autologous blood in the complex treatment of patients
      with suppurative and inflammatory diseases in renal failure].

PMID- 3695226
TI  - [Treatment of chronic post-traumatic osteomyelitis of the long tubular bones].

PMID- 3695228
TI  - [Treatment of post-injection suppurations of the gluteal region using a vacuum
      device].

PMID- 3695229
TI  - [Healing of suppurative wounds after papain diadinamophoresis].

PMID- 3695230
TI  - [Use of the preparation timicide in the treatment of suppurative wounds].

PMID- 3695231
TI  - [Transplantation of free vascularized autotransplants of the joints in hand
      surgery].

PMID- 3695232
TI  - [Phagocytic activity of neutrophils in surgical patients with staphylococcal
      infections].

PMID- 3695233
TI  - [Treatment of ingrown nail using the carbon dioxide laser].

PMID- 3695234
TI  - [Treatment of paronychia].

PMID- 3695235
TI  - [Surgical treatment of phlegmons and abscesses of soft tissues using a drainage
      irrigation system].

PMID- 3695236
TI  - [Prevention of postoperative hepatic insufficiency in cancer of organs in the
      pancreatoduodenal zone in patients with jaundice].

PMID- 3695238
TI  - [Medullary cancer of the thyroid gland].

PMID- 3695237
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer at a department of endocrine surgery].

PMID- 3695239
TI  - [Emergency surgical interventions in malignant tumors of the ovaries].

PMID- 3695240
TI  - [Extensive operations in chondrosarcoma].

PMID- 3695241
TI  - [Importance of therapeutic preparation in the surgical treatment of cancer
      patients].

PMID- 3695242
TI  - [Direct results of ambulatory treatment of late surgical complications of breast
      cancer].

PMID- 3695243
TI  - [Endolymphatic antibacterial therapy of pyo-septic postoperative complications in
      cancer patients].

PMID- 3695244
TI  - [Use of tests for occult blood and carcinoembryonic antigen in the preventive
      screening of the population].

PMID- 3695245
TI  - [Clinical and prognostic value of determining the carcinoembryonic antigen].

PMID- 3695247
TI  - [Breast cancer in young women].

PMID- 3695246
TI  - [Results of treating patients with breast cancer].

PMID- 3695248
TI  - [Results of the surgical treatment of patients with primary melanoma of the
      skin].

PMID- 3695249
TI  - [Treatment of soft tissue sarcomas].

PMID- 3695250
TI  - [Laser radiation treatment of basal cell carcinoma of the skin of the nose and
      the auricular concha].

PMID- 3695251
TI  - [Prosthetic surgery of the trachea].

PMID- 3695252
TI  - [Trends in the surgical treatment of patients with lung cancer].

PMID- 3695253
TI  - [Development of a method of combination therapy of malignant tumors at the
      Gertzen Scientific Research Cancer Institute, Moscow].

PMID- 3695254
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of initial central lung cancer].

PMID- 3695255
TI  - [Intraoperative preventive bronchoscopy in cancer patients].

PMID- 3695256
TI  - [Means of improving results of the surgical treatment of cancer of the thoracic
      esophagus].

PMID- 3695257
TI  - [Surgical treatment of cancer of the proximal stomach in middle-aged and elderly
      patients].

PMID- 3695258
TI  - [2-team surgery in gastroesophageal cancer].

PMID- 3695259
TI  - [Combined modality therapy of cancer of the proximal stomach].

PMID- 3695260
TI  - [Surgical treatment of patients with combined cancer and polyps of the large
      intestine].

PMID- 3695261
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of villous neoplasms of the large intestine].

PMID- 3695262
TI  - [Use of lasers in oncology and surgery].

PMID- 3695263
TI  - [Surgical tactics in complicated colon cancer].

PMID- 3695264
TI  - [Ophthalmologic peculiarities of sarcoidosis].
AB  - The present paper deals with the frequency of different ophthalmic sarcoid
      changes and their morphological and photographic characteristics. In addition,
      the diagnostic value of conjunctival biopsy is evaluated. The findings were based
      on repeated ophthalmological examinations of an unselected group of 281 patients
      with histologically confirmed sarcoidosis. Conjunctival (37/218) and lacrimal
      gland (33/254) changes were encountered more often than sarcoid uveitis (22/281),
      and a conjunctival granuloma was the most frequent single sarcoid ophthalmic
      finding. Sarcoid changes in the eyes and the adnexae were often characterized by
      a scarcity of symptoms and a typical outward appearance. In some cases of sarcoid
      uveitis fluorescein angiography revealed in the iris and the retina nodules which
      showed features suggesting the proliferative nature of the disease. The iris
      infrared transillumination technique illustrated the affinity of sarcoid nodules
      in the pupillary area. Conjunctival biopsy showed epithelioid cell granulomas
      compatible with sarcoidosis in nearly half of the patients in whom it was
      suspected in a slit-lamp examination of the conjunctivae. In the diagnosis of
      sarcoidosis, conjunctival biopsy is a procedure to be recommended before more
      demanding methods are tried.

PMID- 3695266
TI  - [Expulsive hemorrhage in cataract extraction].
AB  - This article reports on six cases of massive expulsive hemorrhage during
      intracapsular cataract extraction (incidence = 0.17%). Some of the known risk
      factors are old age, hypertony, glaucoma, and an insufficient decrease in
      intraocular pressure following oculopression prior to surgery. Drainage of the
      suprachoroidal hemorrhage, closure of the wound and reformation of the anterior
      chamber are necessary surgical interventions. In one case the treated eye was
      saved and a visual acuity of 0.1 achieved.

PMID- 3695265
TI  - [Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis in bacterial epibulbar infections].
AB  - Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis is now a rare clinical entity. Histologic
      staging has been updated by infection-immunological findings: phlyctenules have
      been identified as delayed-type cellmediated immune responses involving
      bacterial, mycobacterial, chlamydial, fungal or parasitic pathogens.
      Establishment of a correct diagnosis should include conjunctival and systemic
      work-ups for pathogenic agents. Case reports of three patients are presented.

PMID- 3695267
TI  - [Pits of the optic papilla in large optic nerve papillae. Papillometric
      characteristics in 15 eyes].
AB  - Fifteen optic nerve heads with pits measured by optic disk planimetry according
      to Littmann and Jaeger's method were significantly larger than previously
      determined normal optic nerve heads. Their area measured 4.84 +/- 1.42 mm2 (2.77
      8.02 mm2), their horizontal diameter 2.42 +/- 0.42 mm (1.76-3.38 mm) and their
      vertical diameter 2.53 +/- 0.30 mm (1.14-3.06 mm). The quotients of minimum to
      maximum diameter and the angle between the maximum diameter and the horizontal
      line were similar to those in normal optic disks. Because of their enlarged area
      but normal form this pathologic entity forms a subunit of macrodisks. The pits
      were located in 14 optic disks on the temporal side on average 100 degrees from
      the upper disk pole, and in two optic disks on the nasal side about 85 degrees
      from the upper pole. In two cases they were double and in one bilateral. Their
      area and number were significantly correlated (p less than 0.001 and p less than
      0.05) to the area of the optic disk. With increasing optic nerve head size the
      optic cup was less excavated. The largest optic disk seen in this study did not
      have one at all. There might be a stepless continuation from normal-sized optic
      disks to macrodisks with physiologic macrocups and to optic nerve heads with
      pits. These represent a maximum extreme in the spectrum of optic disk anomalies
      and diseases associated with optic nerve head size.

PMID- 3695268
TI  - [Gas gangrene of the eyelids and orbits].
AB  - Infections with Clostridia are very rare in the orbital region. On the basis of a
      case report of such an infection in the orbit the authors discuss the clinical
      behavior, diagnosis, and therapy of this infection with anaerobic bacteria.
      Computerized tomography was been very helpful in the diagnostic procedure.

PMID- 3695269
TI  - [More than 30 years' successful follow-up of implantation of a Schreck anterior
      chamber lens].
AB  - The authors report on two patients in whom Schreck anterior chamber lenses were
      successfully tolerated for more than 30 years. In 1955 a lens of this type was
      implanted in the left eye of an 18-year-old female patient, for unilateral
      congenital cataract, and in 1956 a 28-year-old man was treated in the same manner
      one year after a perforating injury. The implants were found to be sheathed in
      proliferative transparent to whitish tissue from the chamber angle region; both
      the cornea and intraocular lens were clear and there was no sign of irritation in
      the anterior chambers. The long courses document the fact that methylacrylate is
      evidently sufficiently inert over a long period of time to be tolerated by the
      intraocular structures. The observations support the view that methylacrylate
      remains unchanged in the eye even for periods of time exceeding 30 years.

PMID- 3695270
TI  - [Carcinoma in situ of the conjunctiva bulbi. Clinical and histopathologic
      findings].
AB  - The present paper communicates clinical and pathohistologic findings in a case of
      carcinoma in situ of the conjunctiva (Bowen's disease) with a five-year course.
      Initially, there are clinical similarities between Bowen's disease and Mooren's
      ulcer; the diagnosis can be established on the basis of the histologic findings.
      In this case the clinical picture at first resembled that of Mooren's ulcer. An
      epithelial dysplasia was confirmed histologically following perilimbal
      conjunctivectomy. A year later the dysplasia was found to have progressed and was
      treated by diathermy coagulation. At the check-up examination three months later
      the tumor had diminished in size. Four years later, however, it had redeveloped.
      As a rule, tumor excision is the treatment of choice. In the case described here
      it was first coagulated by diathermy because of its great extent, but this only
      brought the tumor to a temporary standstill.

PMID- 3695271
TI  - [Microcirculation in the optic nerve. II].

PMID- 3695272
TI  - [Experimental studies of the control of infiltration of inflammatory cells in the
      cornea].

PMID- 3695273
TI  - [Thromboxane B2 and prostaglandin 6-keto-F1 alpha in the subretinal fluid].

PMID- 3695274
TI  - [Surgery of the vitreous body in ocular complications of diabetes mellitus. 3.
      Intraoperative complications].

PMID- 3695275
TI  - [Surgery of the vitreous body in ocular complications of diabetes mellitus. 4.
      Postoperative complications].

PMID- 3695276
TI  - [Cryotherapy of conjunctival neoplasms].

PMID- 3695277
TI  - [Extracapsular extraction of hard cataract. Results].

PMID- 3695278
TI  - [Effectiveness of the surgical treatment of advanced glaucoma].

PMID- 3695280
TI  - [Characteristics of school-age myopia (data of the Myopic Children Clinic). I.
      Extent of the defect and accommodation spasm].

PMID- 3695279
TI  - [Malignant lymphoma of the visual system. I].

PMID- 3695281
TI  - [Characteristics of school-age myopia (data of the Myopic Children Clinic). II.
      Problem of heredity].

PMID- 3695282
TI  - [Status of muscular balance in children with low- and medium-grade myopia].

PMID- 3695283
TI  - [Results of the conservative treatment of high myopia in children].

PMID- 3695284
TI  - [Effect of exercises using plus eyeglasses on the state of vision in patients
      with myopia].

PMID- 3695285
TI  - [Late results of the treatment of progressive high myopia by meridional
      circumligation. I. Refraction, visual acuity and fundus oculi].

PMID- 3695286
TI  - [Effect of non-steroidal and steroidal anti-inflammatory agents on the course of
      experimental immunogenic inflammation of the eye].

PMID- 3695287
TI  - [Reaction of the arterial system of the retina after retrobulbar administration
      of atropine].

PMID- 3695288
TI  - [Malignant lymphoma of the visual system. II].

PMID- 3695289
TI  - [Contribution to studies on choroidal sclerosis].

PMID- 3695290
TI  - [A case of racemose aneurysm of the retina].

PMID- 3695291
TI  - [Rare cases of branching of the ophthalmic artery from the medial meningeal
      artery].

PMID- 3695292
TI  - [Raman spectroscopy in the cataract research].

PMID- 3695293
TI  - [Role of free radicals in the development of cataract].

PMID- 3695294
TI  - [Determinants of plasma digoxin and digitoxin concentrations in elderly patients.
      A multivariate analysis].
AB  - In 1063 patients (greater than or equal to 60 years, 531 men, 532 women) the
      plasma concentration during digitalis maintenance therapy (metildigoxin, n = 356,
      beta-acetyldigoxin, n = 359, and digitoxin, n = 348) was determined and related
      to sex, age, body weight, serum potassium, renal function and the prescribed
      daily maintenance dose. Classification of treatment groups according to renal
      function (Crea less than or equal to 1.3 mg/dl parallel greater than 1.3 mg/dl)
      did not show any difference of the mean maintenance doses. In multiple linear
      regression analyses only a weak relationship between plasma digitalis
      concentration and the studied variables was found, which could be equally
      attributed to dose, creatinine and serum potassium in the digoxin derivative
      groups, whereas for digitoxin only body weight had a significant effect on the
      plasma concentration. During a maintenance dose of 0.07 or 0.1 mg/die which was
      given to 87% of patients in the digitoxin group, 70% were found to have plasma
      levels within the therapeutic range.

PMID- 3695295
TI  - Angiogenesis and haemopoiesis in the rat visceral yolk sac under different oxygen
      concentrations in vitro.

PMID- 3695296
TI  - Biological action and structural specificity of diacylglycerol in platelet
      activation.

PMID- 3695297
TI  - [Importance of determining ceruloplasmin and haptoglobin in the blood and
      transamidinase activity of the urine in evaluating the course of tuberculosis of
      the urinary tract].

PMID- 3695298
TI  - [Complications of verospirone therapy].

PMID- 3695299
TI  - [Intravital diagnosis of isolated right ventricular myocardial infarct].

PMID- 3695300
TI  - [A case of idiopathic calcinosis of the aortic valve (Monckeberg's defect)].

PMID- 3695301
TI  - [A case of Buschke's scleredema adultorum].

PMID- 3695302
TI  - [Cases of Madelung's syndrome].

PMID- 3695303
TI  - [Mallory-Weiss syndrome in systemic scleroderma].

PMID- 3695304
TI  - [Isaacs syndrome].

PMID- 3695305
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of disseminated sclerosis and myasthenia].

PMID- 3695307
TI  - [Doubtful research results in borderline hypertension].

PMID- 3695306
TI  - [Dispensary care of spinal osteochondrosis patients].

PMID- 3695308
TI  - [Interrelation of central and cerebral hemodynamic disorders in cerebral infarct
      patients with ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 3695309
TI  - [Characteristics of the myocardial blood supply in ischemic heart disease
      patients depending on the type of His bundle-branch block].

PMID- 3695310
TI  - [The problems and outlook for the development of research in the field of
      neurology in the USSR].

PMID- 3695311
TI  - [External respiration and hemodynamics in myocardial infarct patients with
      concomitant chronic obstructive lung diseases].

PMID- 3695312
TI  - [Diagnostic and treatment aspects of myocardial infarct].

PMID- 3695313
TI  - [Anterior wall lesion of the right ventricle in myocardial infarct].

PMID- 3695314
TI  - [Effect of isoptin on intrahepatic and central hemodynamics in ischemic heart
      disease].

PMID- 3695315
TI  - [Late results of surgical and drug therapy of patients with a postinfarct heart
      aneurysm].

PMID- 3695316
TI  - [Functional and morphological status of the stomach and duodenum in patients with
      chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis].

PMID- 3695317
TI  - [Porphyrin biosynthesis in patients with acute viral hepatitis, chronic hepatitis
      and liver cirrhosis].

PMID- 3695318
TI  - [The mono-oxygenase enzyme system of the liver in patients with viral hepatitis A
      and B].

PMID- 3695319
TI  - [Functional assessment of acute cholecystitis patients].

PMID- 3695320
TI  - [Surgical treatment of enzymatic cholecystitis].

PMID- 3695321
TI  - [Clinical nursing concepts. II. Psycho-socio-cultural theories of pain: an
      overview].

PMID- 3695322
TI  - [Clinical nursing concepts. II. Independent nursing intervention of pain].

PMID- 3695323
TI  - [Community nursing diagnosis and planning. 1. A conceptual framework of community
      nursing process].

PMID- 3695324
TI  - [Community nursing diagnosis and planning. 2. Community nursing diagnosis and
      planning of an industrial community].

PMID- 3695325
TI  - [Community nursing diagnosis and planning. 3. Community nursing diagnosis and
      planning of a geopolitical community].

PMID- 3695326
TI  - [Slow weight gain and the breast-fed infant; management options].

PMID- 3695327
TI  - [A case study of a pacemaker-implanted patient].

PMID- 3695328
TI  - [A study on cultural looks of pregnancy management in Korea].

PMID- 3695329
TI  - [Clinical nursing concepts. II. Typical pain theories].

PMID- 3695330
TI  - [Study of the utilization of the well-baby clinic and knowledge of child health
      care management].

PMID- 3695331
TI  - [Circadian rhythms and temperature homeostasis in monkeys during a flight on the
      Kosmos 1514 biosatellite].
AB  - In the course of a 5-day space flight of two rhesus-monkeys the following
      parameters were recorded at an interval of 16 min: core body temperature (Tc),
      skin temperature (Ts), and motor activity (MA). The telemetric Tc sensor was
      implanted subcutaneously in the right axilla, Ts thermistor was attached to the
      right ankle, and the MA piezotape was fixed to the inner side of the vest.
      Circadian rhythms of Tc varied with a period of 24 hours in one monkey and 25
      hours in the other. The daily Tc decreased on the average by 0.5 degrees C, Ts
      fell immediately after launch and remained close to the lower limit throughout
      the flight. The Ts amplitude decreased 5-fold. Phases of the circadian rhythms of
      Ts changed and circadian rhythms of MA remained unchanged and equal to 24 hours.

PMID- 3695332
TI  - [Embryonic development of guppies in weightlessness].
AB  - The program of the Cosmos-1514 flight included an experiment the purpose of which
      was to study the effect of weightlessness on the embryonic development of the
      live-bearing guppy fish: three pregnant females were flown for 5 days. Prelaunch
      their embryos were at the stage of cerebral vesicle differentiation and somite
      formation; this implies that the basic stages of organogenesis developed in
      weightlessness. One female was fixed in Bouin's fluid two days postflight and the
      second fish was fixed nine days postflight. Fourteen days after flight the third
      female gave birth to 25 normal fry. Thereafter that fish was mated 6 times more,
      each time delivering normal offspring. In addition, the offspring of the second
      generation was normal. Histological analysis of the embryos that were developing
      in weightlessness revealed no abnormalities. It can be concluded that
      weightlessness produced no effect on the fish development, beginning with the
      stage of the axial complex formation.

PMID- 3695333
TI  - [Histomorphometric analysis of the bones of rats on board the Kosmos 1667
      biosatellite].
AB  - Bones of the rats flown on Cosmos-1667 were examined histologically and
      histomorphometrically. It was found that 7-day exposure to weightlessness led to
      osteoporosis in the spongy matter of proximal metaphyses of tibia and, although
      to a lesser extent, in the spongiosa of lumbar vertebrae whereas no signs of
      osteoporosis were seen in the spongy matter of iliac bones. Osteoporosis in the
      spongy matter of the above bones developed largely due to the inhibition of bone
      neoformation, which was indicated by a decrease in the number and activity of
      osteoblasts. Increased bone resorption (as shown by a greater number and activity
      of osteoclasts) was observed only in the spongy matter of tibial metaphyses. It
      is emphasized that a reduction of the number of highly active osteoblasts in
      spongy bones is one of the early signs of inhibition of bone neoformation and
      development of osteoporosis.

PMID- 3695334
TI  - [Effect of weightlessness on the DNA replicative function of rat hepatocytes].
AB  - The replicative function of DNA of liver cells of rats exposed to strong stress
      effects, e.g. suspension for 2.5 hours a day for 6 days, decreased. The rat
      studies onboard biosatellites of the Cosmos series have demonstrated that a
      prolonged exposure to microgravity (up to 22 days) is not a stressogenic factor
      for the DNA synthetic system of liver cells. The transition from 1 g to
      microgravity cannot be viewed as a strong stressor either, because the rate of
      DNA synthesis in liver cells at an early period of adaptation to microgravity
      remains within the normal limits. However, this parameter decreases significantly
      during the recovery period following 18-22-day flights. Therefore changes in
      cellular processes related to the DNA replicating function in hepatocytes should
      be expected to occur in the postflight period rather than at an early period of
      adaptation to microgravity.

PMID- 3695335
TI  - [Role of optokinetic stimulation in realizing vestibulospinal reflexes].
AB  - This paper presents data about the effect of optokinetic stimulation (OKS) on
      vestibulospinal reflexes and discusses mechanisms of interaction of the
      vestibular, optic and proprioceptive sensors during their combined stimulation.
      The vestibulospinal reflexes were investigated using a 2-minute step test and
      simultaneous OKS that was produced by a portable optokinetic drum mounted on the
      head of the test subject. During the tests optokinetic nystagmus was recorded and
      the angle of body rotation relative to the initial position was measured. It was
      found that during the step test the body turned along the OKS direction, i. e.
      towards the slow component of optokinetic nystagmus. During leftward OKS the
      angle of rotation was larger than during rightward OKS: 406.4 +/- 75.9 deg and
      207.5 +/- 40.7 deg, respectively. During leftward OKS loss of equilibrium was
      recorded 4.5 times more often than during rightward OKS. It has been demonstrated
      that the capacity to track stimuli moving to the left is lower than that to
      pursue stimuli moving to the right. It has been shown that there is a correlation
      between the rate of the optokinetic nystagmus slow phase and the angle of body
      rotation during the step test. It has been concluded that optokinetic nystagmus
      can be used as an informative parameter when measuring statokinetic stability in
      response to multisensory stimulation.

PMID- 3695336
TI  - [Medico-psychological problems in guaranteeing flight safety today].
AB  - At the present time flight safety can be provided only if aviation medicine
      requirements are taken into consideration. Maintenance of good health, high
      performance and professional longevity of the flight and ground crewmen requires
      that flight surgeons and aerospace medicine specialists revise their position and
      eliminate various shortcomings in their work. Those latter include: lack of data
      about correlations between health problems and decline of performance, risk
      factors and professional longevity; inadequate use of systemic analysis for
      evaluating man-machine interactions; low priority of the investigations needed to
      organize proper prophylaxis of diseases. The paper discusses proposals and
      suggestions with respect to the new types and methods of medical support of
      flight safety at the current and advanced levels of development of aviation
      technology.

PMID- 3695337
TI  - [Membrane model of the cupula of the vestibular semicircular canals].
AB  - A mathematical model of the time-course variations of the cupula of the
      semicircular canals of the vestibular apparatus is presented. The model is found
      to be in good agreement with experimental data which suggests that the cupular
      matter has viscosity-elasticity properties. Their role in the functioning of the
      vestibular apparatus is discussed in qualitative terms. The applicability of the
      membrane model to the description of the time-course variations of the cupula is
      considered.

PMID- 3695338
TI  - [Short-term action of high carbon monoxide concentrations on the
      psychophysiological functions of a human operator].
AB  - Experiments on volunteers, aged 26-40, demonstrated that a 10-minute exposure to
      carbon monoxide at a concentration of 900 +/- 20 mg/m3 caused a significant
      decline of the quality of their operator's function. The task they performed was
      a two-dimensional compensatory tracking task combined with mental arithmetic.
      Some of the test subjects showed symptoms of mild CO intoxication which preceded
      disorders in their work and were accompanied by an increase of HbCO to 10 +/-
      0.57%. Such an exposure to CO should be regarded as hazardous since it may
      increase the probability of erroneous actions particularly, of the flying
      personnel.

PMID- 3695340
TI  - [Conservation of the muscles in studying the bioenergetic effects of
      hypokinesia].

PMID- 3695339
TI  - [Prognosis of complications in cardiovascular diseases in flight personnel].
AB  - The flying personnel of different age groups, including those who continued their
      professional activity and those who were grounded because of cardiovascular
      diseases, were followed up for a long period of time. The prognosis value,
      sensitivity, specificity of various risk factors, symptoms and syndromes of
      cardiovascular diseases were investigated. Using mathematical prediction methods
      (Wald's sequential nonhomogeneous statistical test), a diagnostic table for
      predicting outcomes of cardiovascular diseases for the immediate 5 years was
      developed. The table was checked and tested on a control sample. The trial showed
      that the table provided a better accuracy of prediction than the traditional
      methods normally used in the expertise practice.

PMID- 3695341
TI  - [Effect of nonlethal irradiation with accelerated high-energy helium ions on the
      retention of conditioned and formation of new behavioral habits in rats in early
      and late time periods].

PMID- 3695342
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of orthostatic tolerance after immersion in horizontal
      and vertical positions].

PMID- 3695343
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the stress reaction of rats under different methods of
      simulating the effects of weightlessness].

PMID- 3695344
TI  - [Effect of head-down tilt and lighting on the sensitivity of the skin of the
      upper torso to UV radiation].

PMID- 3695345
TI  - [Palliative care. Conversations with families of dying patients. The family: a
      key element].

PMID- 3695346
TI  - [Palliative care. Multidisciplinary commitment of palliative care. To ensure its
      quality].

PMID- 3695347
TI  - [Inauguration at Lausanne: the ESEI (Superior School of Nursing Education) in its
      new building].

PMID- 3695348
TI  - [A new program for specialization in Maternal Hygiene and Pediatrics (MHP). More
      emphasis on primary health care].

PMID- 3695349
TI  - [The tensions between school and hospital--a useful potential].

PMID- 3695350
TI  - [Point of view: the nurse anesthetist ensures permanence in change].

PMID- 3695351
TI  - [The Steiner School, an alternative school--the anthroposophic vision of
      children].

PMID- 3695352
TI  - [The organization of nursing at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center: the
      American way].

PMID- 3695353
TI  - [What happens to aging, no longer completely productive nurses? 30 years of
      nursing--what now?].

PMID- 3695354
TI  - [Diverse salaries require new modes of calculation. Realistic comparison of
      salaries].

PMID- 3695355
TI  - [Which superficial or profound function is attached to the professional apron?
      Individual wearers of aprons!].

PMID- 3695356
TI  - [Undigested pellets].

PMID- 3695357
TI  - [New orientation in nursing].

PMID- 3695359
TI  - [Health in the third world and at home. Poverty makes you ill--so does
      affluence!].

PMID- 3695358
TI  - [New knowledge in the care of breast cancer patients. None the less--all woman].

PMID- 3695360
TI  - [A central point in the nurse-patient relation--learning how to control
      violence].

PMID- 3695361
TI  - [Nursing care and military service: incompatibility with professional ethics?].

PMID- 3695362
TI  - [Forum of male and female romand nurses. We now have to put into practice....].

PMID- 3695363
TI  - [Statement by Professor Leon Schwartzenberg: surviving to the last moment].

PMID- 3695364
TI  - [Chemotherapy of urinary tract infections].

PMID- 3695365
TI  - [Current trends in gynecologic urology].

PMID- 3695366
TI  - [Current aspects in andrology].

PMID- 3695368
TI  - [What is new in urology?].

PMID- 3695367
TI  - [Current developments in roentgen diagnosis, computerized tomography and proton
      spin tomography in urology].

PMID- 3695369
TI  - [Transurethral surgery technics in tumor of the bladder and prostate].

PMID- 3695370
TI  - [Clinical aspects, principles and results of radical bladder surgery].

PMID- 3695371
TI  - [Possibilities for use of lasers in urology].

PMID- 3695372
TI  - [Treatment possibilities in ureteral stones].

PMID- 3695373
TI  - [Percutaneous kidney interventions].

PMID- 3695374
TI  - [Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy as exemplified by Dornier ESWL].

PMID- 3695375
TI  - [Local shockwave lithotripsy with a second-generation lithotriptor].

PMID- 3695376
TI  - [Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy: extracorporeal piezoelectric shockwave
      therapy (EPL) using the Piezolith 2200].

PMID- 3695377
TI  - [Hygienic aspects in the use of irrigation solutions].

PMID- 3695378
TI  - [Preparation and sterilization of disposable urologic catheters].

PMID- 3695379
TI  - [Nosocomial infections in urology].

PMID- 3695380
TI  - [Parkinson's disease from the patients viewpoint].

PMID- 3695381
TI  - [Indications and outcome of cholecystectomy].

PMID- 3695382
TI  - [Nutrition during pregnancy].

PMID- 3695383
TI  - [Comforting--how is it done?].

PMID- 3695384
TI  - [AIDS--legal problems for physicians and assisting health personnel].

PMID- 3695385
TI  - Rationalization and computerization of the drug supply to an animal unit.
AB  - Drug stocks in an animal unit were rationalized by discarding out-of-date or
      unwanted items and drawing up an approved stock list. A computerized system of
      stock control which enables a regular and accurate inventory of pharmaceuticals
      to be made was then established. In addition, the paperwork required for
      reordering drugs is produced automatically. Pharmaceuticals to a total value of
      1650 pounds were discarded during the rationalization phase. The value of drugs
      stocked in the animal unit then stabilized at about one-third of previous levels.
      In the first 6 months of operation of the new system drug expenditure fell by
      about 40% in comparison with the same period 1 year previously. The drug stock
      control system has proved economical to operate and accurate, and can be run by
      persons without computer expertise. Valuable savings in both cost and labour have
      resulted. Effective management of drug expenditure by the animal unit is now
      possible.

PMID- 3695386
TI  - Observations on soft tissue calcification in DBA/2NCrj mice in comparison with
      CRJ:CD-1 mice.
AB  - Male and female DBA/2NCrj (DBA/2) mice 3, 4, 5 and 10 weeks old were examined
      biochemically and pathologically and the results obtained were compared with
      those for CRJ:CD-1 (ICR) mice of the same age. The plasma levels of glucose,
      triglyceride and total cholesterol tended to be lower in DBA/2 mice than in ICR
      mice but the levels of non-esterified fatty acid, calcium and inorganic
      phosphorus were almost the same in the two strains. The mean body weight of DBA/2
      mice was significantly lower than that of ICR mice at each examination, and the
      relative weights of the hearts of male and female DBA/2 mice were significantly
      greater than those of male and female ICR mice. Cardiac calcinosis, tongue
      calcification and corneal degeneration occurred exclusively in DBA/2 mice with
      incidences of 30%-100%. The incidence and severity of these lesions increased
      with age but no sex differences were seen. It was difficult to relate differences
      in biochemical features of the two strains with pathological findings obtained in
      the DBA/2 mice. The numbers of cells secreting adrenocorticotropic hormone in the
      pituitary glands were significantly greater in male and female DBA/2 mice than in
      ICR mice, suggesting a higher secretion of corticosteroids in the former strain.

PMID- 3695387
TI  - Recovery of the germfree status of rats and mice monocontaminated with
      Aspergillus species.
AB  - The decontamination of monocontaminated rats and mice is reported in this paper.
      The monocontaminant micro-organism was an Aspergillus species, and the
      decontamination was applied with success using nystatin and phenol solutions for
      animals and materials respectively.

PMID- 3695388
TI  - Acute diarrhoeal disease in rabbit: bacteriological diagnosis and efficacy of
      oral rehydration in combination with loperamide hydrochloride.
AB  - Acute outbreaks of diarrhoea with high mortality rates are frequently observed in
      rabbits. Amongst various aetiological factors Escherichia coli or its toxins have
      been found to be commonly incriminated. Sulphonamides or antibiotics are used to
      treat rabbits with bacterial diarrhoea. The result of the antibiotic treatment is
      moderately successful. We had good results using oral rehydration treatment in
      combination with loperamide hydrochloride (Immodium) in a colony of rabbits with
      E. coli diarrhoea.

PMID- 3695389
TI  - The association between spontaneous pyelonephritis and maturity-onset diabetes
      mellitus in male MM mice.
AB  - Blood glucose and glucose tolerance tests demonstrated that many male MM mice are
      diabetic. Serial urine sampling showed that the diabetes occurred only in mature
      MM males and consisted of a single self-limiting episode. Histological
      examination of the pancreas, together with measurements of body weight,
      glycosylated haemoglobin and plasma insulin, revealed that the diabetes was of
      the maturity-onset insulin-resistant type. Bacteriological examination of the
      urine samples showed that urinary tract infection, a known feature of male MM
      mice, occurred in the diabetics but only after the onset of hyperglucosuria. It
      was concluded that the high urinary glucose levels of diabetic MM males are of
      prime importance in the aetiology of the renal infection which occurs rarely in
      non-diabetic MM males or in other strains in the colony. An infectious aetiology
      for the diabetes per se was excluded by the existence of diabetes in germfree MM
      males.

PMID- 3695390
TI  - Haematology of Mystromys albicaudatus.
AB  - Haemograms were determined for 90 Mystromys, 3-24 months of age, to establish
      normal values and to evaluate the influence of age and gender. Males over 6
      months of age had higher red blood cell counts, packed cell volumes and
      haemoglobin levels than females of the same age. The haemograms of females 3-5
      months old resembled those of males. Age and gender did not cause detectable
      differences in leucocyte numbers in animals over 6 months old.

PMID- 3695391
TI  - Does the rat have an empty stomach after an overnight fast?
AB  - Variable amounts of food have been observed in the stomachs of male rats
      following an overnight fast. The effects of diet and diet type on the amount of
      residual food left in the stomach and on fat deposition and liver weight in the
      male rat were investigated. The implications of these results on metabolism and
      pharmacokinetic studies are discussed.

PMID- 3695392
TI  - The influence of the first-mating age of rats on the number of pups born, their
      weights and their mortality.
AB  - Widely differing ranges for the preferred first-mating age for rats have been
      reported by different investigators. As well as being of physiological interest
      this information is important for optimum utilization of animal resources.
      Previously published results, however, do not provide sufficient information on
      mortality and the numbers of pups born and weaned. We studied 1623 pups born to
      36 female Wistar rats. Dams were first mated at the age of 35 days or 70 days or
      105 days. The results show that reproduction and weaning weights increase with an
      increased first-mating age of dams, although the pup mortality rate also
      increases. This study can be used when a programme for the production and supply
      of Wistar rats is planned.

PMID- 3695393
TI  - The mouse bioassay for the detection of estrogenic activity in rodent diets: I. A
      standardized method for conducting the mouse bioassay.
AB  - A standardized procedure was developed for conducting the mouse bioassay for
      detecting estrogenic activity in rodent diets. Studies were conducted with CD-1
      mice to determine the appropriate weaning age and length of bioassay period.
      Uterine growth curves were generated from mice weaned at 15 days of age and fed a
      negative control diet until 28 days of age. These mice showed slow regular
      increases in uterine weights from 15 22 days of age followed by rapid uterine
      growth in some mice from 24 to 28 days of age. Estrogenic bioassays using female
      mice weaned at 15 days of age and fed the positive control diets containing 4 or
      6 ppb diethylstilbestrol (DES) demonstrated significant (P less than 0.05)
      increases in uterine weight and in uterus to body weight (U:BW) ratios over those
      of mice fed the negative control diet without DES for 5, 7 or 9 days after
      weaning. In contrast, mice weaned at 17 days of age showed significant (P less
      than 0.05) increases in uterine weight and in U:BW ratios only at 5 days after
      weaning. Six ppb DES was required in the positive control diet to produce a 1.5
      fold increase in the U:BW ratio over those of mice fed the negative control diet.
      It was concluded that mice should be weaned at 15 days of age and that the
      bioassay period should be terminated at 7 days, when the mice are 22 days old,
      for best reproducible results. The criteria for a valid bioassay should include
      the demonstration of a significant statistical increase in the U:BW ratios of
      mice fed the DES positive diet over those of mice fed the negative control diet.

PMID- 3695394
TI  - The mouse bioassay for the detection of estrogenic activity in rodent diets: II.
      Comparative estrogenic activity of purified, certified and standard open and
      closed formula rodent diets.
AB  - A major source of exogenous estrogenic substances, which may affect laboratory
      animals, comes from the diet. To test the possibility that commercially available
      rodent diets may significantly influence uterine weights and uterine:body weight
      (U:BW) ratios, estrogen bioassays were performed using female CD-1 mice weaned at
      15 days of age and assigned randomly to a variety of commercial test diets or to
      a control diet (Purina #5002) containing 0 or 6 ppb added diethylstilbestrol
      (DES) for comparison. Mice were housed five per cage and given deionized water
      and feed ad libitum. Uterine:BW ratios from 15 mice per diet were determined
      after 3, 5 and 7 days of feeding. Mice fed The American Institute of Nutrition
      purified diet (AIN-76A) or the Purina #5015 natural ingredient breeder diet had
      significantly (P less than 0.05) increased U:BW ratios at 3, 5 and 7 days post
      weaning when compared to the control diet without added DES. This increase in
      U:BW ratios was similar to the U:BW ratios observed in a natural ingredient
      maintenance diet (Purina #5002), containing 6 ppb of DES. These results show that
      significant differences exist in the level of substances which can cause increase
      in uterine weight in some commercial diets. The diet may be important when
      performing or comparing certain types of studies, especially those relating to
      estrogenic substances. A standardized diet with minimal estrogenic activity may
      be desirable for such studies. It is unclear from the present studies what
      substances might be responsible for the uterine growth promoting activity in the
      diets examined.

PMID- 3695395
TI  - The mouse bioassay for the detection of estrogenic activity in rodent diets: III.
      Stimulation of uterine weight by dextrose, sucrose and corn starch.
AB  - We have shown previously that mice fed the American Institute of Nutrition (AIN
      76A) purified diet experience a significant increase in uterine:body weight
      (U:BW) ratios when compared to the U:BW ratios of mice fed a closed formula
      natural ingredient diet (Certified Rodent Chow #5002) for 7 days. The AIN-76A
      purified diet contains 5% corn oil and 65% carbohydrates with 50% of the
      carbohydrates coming from sucrose or dextrose and 15% from corn starch. The
      objective of this study was to determine whether the fat and carbohydrate content
      contributed to the unexpected uterine growth promoting activity observed in mice
      fed the AIN-76A diet. Estrogen bioassays were performed using CD-1 mice weaned at
      15 days of age and assigned randomly to the negative control diet (Certified
      Rodent Chow #5002) or to the positive control diet (#5002) containing 4 or 6 ppb
      DES for comparison or to the test diets. The test diets were prepared by adding
      sucrose, dextrose, corn starch, corn oil or soybean oil to the #5002 negative
      control diet at 10% w/w concentration. Uterine:BW ratios were determined at 7
      days post-feeding. The uterine weights and the U:BW ratios of mice fed the test
      diets containing dextrose, corn starch, or corn oil, were increased significantly
      (P less than 0.05) over those of mice fed the negative control diet. The uterine
      weights and U:BW ratios of mice fed the test diets containing sucrose or soybean
      oil also were increased over those of mice fed the negative control diet. These
      increases in uterine weights and U:BW ratios were similar to the increases in
      uterine weights and U:BW ratios of mice fed the positive control diet containing
      4 ppb DES. It was concluded that the fats and carbohydrates caused preferential
      increases in uterine weights and in U:BW ratios and may account for the estrogen
      like uterine growth promoting activity observed in mice fed the AIN-76A purified
      diet.

PMID- 3695396
TI  - A dot-immunobinding assay for the serodiagnosis of Pasteurella multocida
      infection in laboratory rabbits.
AB  - A dot-immunobinding assay was developed to detect serum IgG specific for
      lipopolysaccharide of rabbit isolates of P. multocida. The assay detected serum
      IgG as early as 1 week after experimental subclinical nasal infection, whereas 8
      weeks were required to detect antibody by a gel diffusion precipitin test. The
      assay was more reliable than nasal cultures, in that up to 46% of 16 weekly nasal
      washings of some infected rabbits failed to yield P. multocida. The bacterial
      antigen (proteinase k digested cell lysate) used in the assay reacted with IgG
      that did not cross-react with lipopolysaccharide antigens of B. bronchiseptica,
      P. pneumotropica or P. hemolytica. The assay is sensitive and specific, easily
      performed, cost effective, requires no special laboratory instruments and
      provides a permanent easily stored record.

PMID- 3695397
TI  - Transmission of Pasteurella multocida in rabbits.
AB  - Contact and airborne transmission of P. multocida in rabbits was evaluated in an
      artificially controlled environment. Transmission by contact occurred more
      readily from rabbits with acute infections than from rabbits with chronic
      infections. However, airborne transmission to rabbits in adjacent cages did not
      occur.

PMID- 3695398
TI  - Congenital malformations and twinning in a breeding colony of Old World monkeys.
AB  - Clinical and necropsy records of malformations in Old World monkeys were
      compiled. The numbers of malformations and birth incidence rate for each species
      were: Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) 3 (1.02%); Cynomolgus macaque (Macaca
      fascicularis) 11 (1.62%); Stumptail macaque (Macaca arctoides) 3 (1.55%); African
      green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) 4 (1.5%). There was one pair of rhesus
      twins (twinning rate: 0.34%). Cardiovascular and central nervous system lesions
      accounted for 55% of all malformations. Only two of the malformations were in
      inbred infants. Nine of twenty-one colony-born malformed infants lived 24 hours
      or more.

PMID- 3695399
TI  - Craniosynostosis in two African green monkeys.
AB  - Multiple craniosynostoses were found in two infant African green monkeys. The
      bones of the calvariums were overlapped and fused at all the cranial sutures with
      resulting pressure necrosis of the cerebral cortices. The cause of the
      craniosynostoses is unknown, but the two infants were born within 15 days of each
      other and had the same father, suggesting either exposure to a teratogen or a
      genetic etiology. The overlapping of the cranial bones is unlike craniosynostosis
      in humans.

PMID- 3695400
TI  - Encephalomyocarditis virus infection in African green and squirrel monkeys:
      comparison of pathologic effects.
AB  - This study compared the pathological effects of experimental encephalomyocarditis
      virus infection in African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) and squirrel
      monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). African green monkeys died within 5 days post
      inoculation and significant changes were limited to moderate to severe multifocal
      nonsuppurative necrotizing myocarditis. Squirrel monkeys were less severely
      affected and died or were euthanized 4 to 41 days post-inoculation. Myocardial
      and central nervous system changes in squirrel monkeys were minimal to moderate
      and variable in distribution, while pancreatic changes were more severe and
      included multifocal necrosis, subacute inflammation and atrophy of exocrine
      cells.

PMID- 3695401
TI  - Pathology of experimental Babesia microti infection in the Syrian hamster.
AB  - Pathologic changes produced after 4 weeks of infection by Babesia microti in
      Syrian hamsters are described and compared to babesiosis of humans. Following
      intraperitoneal inoculation, both intravascular and extravascular hemolysis
      developed. Up to 70% of red blood cells were parasitized. The principal
      morphologic abnormalities were an increase in extramedullary hematopoiesis and
      hyperplasia of the mononuclear phagocytic cells of the red pulp manifested
      grossly as splenomegaly, marked renal tubular hemosiderosis and hypertrophy of
      Kupffer cells. The disease was not fatal to any hamsters during the 4 week study.
      The clinical signs and lesions were less severe than fatal babesiosis of asplenic
      humans and similar to severe, but nonfatal disease in spleen intact humans. The
      hamster may serve as an animal model for the studying the pathophysiology of
      human babesiosis and for studying potential chemotherapeutic agents.

PMID- 3695402
TI  - Diagnostic exercise: tail sloughing in mice.

PMID- 3695403
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of cefazolin in guinea pigs.
AB  - The occurrence of antibiotic-related enterocolitis in guinea pigs restricts the
      use of many common antibiotics in this species. Cephaloridine, an antibiotic
      frequently recommended for this species, is no longer available and a substitute
      has yet to be explored. In this study, the potential therapeutic efficacy of
      cefazolin, also a first generation cephalosporin, was evaluated in guinea pigs by
      assessing pharmacokinetics, toxicity and the minimal inhibitory concentration for
      selected animal pathogens. Pharmacokinetics and toxicity were evaluated in four
      phases: single intramuscular injections, multiple intramuscular injections over
      30 hours, multiple intramuscular injections over 5 days, and serum-protein
      binding studies. Antibiotic-related enterocolitis and irritation at the injection
      site occurred following high (100 mg/kg) repeated doses. At all dose levels,
      blood values exceeded the minimum inhibitory concentration for Bordetella
      bronchiseptica for only 1 hour postinjection. For Streptococcus and
      Staphylococcus sp., the drug half-life was 0.5 hours with peak concentrations
      occurring within 0.25 hours of injection. The volume of distribution of 0.5 l/kg
      indicated that there was extensive tissue distribution. Serum protein binding was
      approximately 85%. The short half-life and rapid plasma clearance rate (10.4
      ml/min/kg) indicated that cefazolin is eliminated very rapidly from the guinea
      pig and may be of questionable therapeutic value.

PMID- 3695404
TI  - An evaluation of ampicillin pharmacokinetics and toxicity in guinea pigs.
AB  - Sodium ampicillin was administered subcutaneously to 350-550 g male Dunkin
      Hartley guinea pigs at doses of 6, 8 and 10 mg/kg tid for 5 days. Over a period
      of 12 days, the lowest ampicillin dose appeared to be tolerated well. However,
      significant body weight reduction and mortality occurred with the two higher
      dosage regimens. Cecal cultures of dead animals confirmed the presence of
      Clostridium difficile, an organism associated with antibiotic-induced
      enterotoxemia. Assay of serum collected from ampicillin-treated animals revealed
      ampicillin concentrations of approximately 10 micrograms/ml at 5 minutes post
      dosing which fell precipitously to less than 0.2 micrograms/ml at 60 minutes.
      Determination of biliary ampicillin levels during the 60 minutes after
      administration of a single 10 mg/kg SQ dose revealed concentrations ranging from
      18 micrograms/ml to 90 micrograms/ml. Estimates of total urinary ampicillin
      content after a single 10 mg/kg SQ dose were less than 500 micrograms/animal at
      7.5 minutes, but increased to greater than 2000 micrograms/animal at 60 minutes
      after dosing. Results of this study indicated that due to its short serum half
      life, sodium ampicillin probably has little systemic therapeutic efficacy in
      guinea pigs. Because high concentrations of ampicillin accumulated in the urine
      and bile, the antibiotic probably would have therapeutic efficacy for urinary and
      intestinal infections. However, its associated toxicity at large doses probably
      precludes its use. In view of the rapid clearance of ampicillin in guinea pigs in
      comparison to other species, the pharmacokinetics of other antibiotics,
      especially those reported to be less toxic for guinea pigs, should be considered.

PMID- 3695405
TI  - Glomerular filtration rate and blood pressure monitoring in awake baboons.
AB  - Minimally invasive techniques were used to collect urine with an external
      catheter together with automated intermittent monitoring of arterial blood
      pressure in awake male baboons. Using endogenous creatinine, 24-hour creatinine
      clearances were measured for 2 to 3 consecutive days in four intact and in four
      uninephrectomized baboons. Despite large differences in urinary volume and sodium
      excretion, reproducibility of 24-hour creatinine clearances was within 15% in 15
      of 19 studies obtained from 6 of 8 animals. Arterial blood pressure was monitored
      intermittently at 30 to 60 minute intervals over 24 hours with a Dinamap monitor
      and recorder. Mean blood pressure averaged 71 +/- 4.4 to 89 +/- 5.5 mm Hg in
      different animals. Blood pressure tended to be lower at night than during the
      day. In separate studies using 15 to 60 minute urine collection periods, inulin
      clearance was compared in awake and in anesthetized animals with endogenous or
      exogenous creatinine clearance measured simultaneously. The clearance of
      creatinine systematically exceeded the clearance of inulin, even in intact
      animals with a normal serum creatinine. The creatinine-to-inulin clearance ratio
      averaged 1.16 +/- 0.03 at a serum concentration of 0.7 to 0.8 mg/dl; 1.27 +/-
      0.03 at a serum creatinine of 1.0 to 1.1 mg/dl and 1.56 +/- 0.04 at a serum
      creatinine greater than 10 mg/dl. All values exceed unity significantly (p less
      than 0.001). Thus, renal function, including inulin clearance, can be measured in
      awake baboons. Duplicate or triplicate 24-hour urine collections are needed to
      assess the reliability of creatinine excretion. However, creatinine clearance
      overestimates glomerular filtration rate, as it does in humans.

PMID- 3695406
TI  - A percutaneous method for obtaining uterine biopsies.

PMID- 3695407
TI  - Rabies vaccination of captive white-handed gibbons potentially exposed to wild
      rabies virus.

PMID- 3695408
TI  - Elimination of Ornithonyssus bacoti in a colony of aging mice.

PMID- 3695409
TI  - Filaroid nematodes in the central nervous system of free-tailed bats (Molossus
      ater).

PMID- 3695410
TI  - Experimental rabies in skunks and foxes. Pathogenesis of the spongiform lesions.
AB  - The pathogenesis of rabies spongiform lesions in striped skunks (Mephitis
      mephitis) and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) was studied by light and electron
      microscopy and peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemistry. Studies in skunks
      included use of several street virus variants (different antigenic profiles as
      tested by monoclonal antibodies) different routes of inoculation (intranasal,
      intracerebral and intramuscular), immunosuppression of infected skunks, different
      preparations of virus (brain and salivary gland suspensions and infective tissue
      culture fluids), and sequential development of the lesions. Foxes (Vulpes vulpes)
      were infected intramuscularly with a street virus isolate. Except for the group
      of immunosuppressed skunks, all animals that developed clinical signs of rabies
      had encephalitis characterized by varying degrees of mononuclear perivascular
      cuffing, focal gliosis, and Negri bodies. Spongiform change occurred in the
      neuropil of the grey matter (especially thalamus and cerebral cortex) in rabid
      animals from all groups, but not in controls or exposed animals that did not
      develop rabies. Rabies antigen (detected by peroxidase-antiperoxidase
      immunocytochemistry) occurred only in small amounts in many thalami; some
      vacuolated areas were devoid of antigen. Ultrastructurally, there was a gradation
      in lesions from small to large membrane-bound vacuoles in cellular processes
      (mainly dendrites, less frequently axons) and to large tissue spaces containing
      granular and/or membranous material. These studies indicate that rabies
      spongiform change occurs in skunks given street virus of several different
      antigenic profiles and challenge virus standard rabies virus and that the
      distribution of the lesions has remarkable similarities to those of the
      traditional spongiform encephalopathies. The occurrence of the lesion is not
      affected by the immune response, the route of inoculation of virus, the
      preparation (suspension of salivary gland or brain, or tissue culture fluid), or
      the incubation period. The paucity of antigen in many thalami suggests that
      incorporation of viral components into vacuolar membranes is not necessary for
      development of the spongiform change. The development of the lesions includes
      formation of small membrane-bound vacuoles in cellular processes, rapid
      enlargement (less than 3 days) with compression of adjacent neural tissue, and
      rupture resulting in the large tissue spaces readily visible by light microscopy.

PMID- 3695411
TI  - Effect of influenza B virus on nutrient transport in cultured epithelial cells.
AB  - The possibility that influenza virus could induce changes in membrane
      permeability to nutrients ordinarily concentrated within the cell was examined.
      Madin-Darby canine kidney cells were infected with egg-grown influenza B virus at
      37 degrees C and pH 7.4 (a condition in which influenza virus enters cells by
      endocytosis). Control cells were mock-infected with allantoic fluid from chick
      embryos. Transport of phosphate, 2-deoxyglucose, and alpha-aminoisobutyric acid
      was measured at various intervals, 0 to 10 hours after infection. Uptake of alpha
      aminoisobutyric acid and phosphate by infected cells was inhibited at 2 hours as
      compared with controls, whereas at 6 to 10 hours, the uptake of all nutrients was
      higher in infected cells. Infected cells preloaded with phosphate or 2
      deoxyglucose did not demonstrate increased release of these nutrients. Thus, the
      virally induced inhibition of uptake early in infection is not a consequence of
      loss of membrane integrity. Transport studies were also performed in cells with
      prebound virus exposed to pH 5.0 for 60 seconds at 37 degrees C and then
      incubated at pH 7.4, at 37 degrees C. Under these conditions, influenza A viruses
      are known to enter the cell membrane by fusing directly with it and to initiate
      cell to cell fusion as well. We demonstrated that influenza B virus also caused
      cell fusion under these conditions. In contradistinction to studies described
      above at pH 7.4, fused, infected cells demonstrated both marked release and
      diminished uptake of nutrients as compared with controls. We conclude that
      influenza B virus does have an effect on host cell membrane permeability; the
      type of effect seen is markedly influenced by factors known to determine mode of
      virus entry into the cell.

PMID- 3695412
TI  - Experimental glomerulonephritis induced by immune complexes of monoclonal
      antibodies produced by immunoglobulin class-switch variants.
AB  - Experimental glomerulonephritis was induced in mice by injecting performed
      antigen-antibody complexes composed of monoclonal anti-dansyl antibody of switch
      variant origin and dansyl-conjugated bovine serum albumin. A comparison was made
      of the ability of two kinds of monoclonal antibodies, IgE and IgG2a, of the same
      variant origin to induce glomerulonephritis. Both types of immune complexes (IC),
      (IgE-IC and IgG2a-IC), given daily elicited exudative proliferative
      glomerulonephritis accompanied by proteinuria. Significant glomerular
      hypercellularity including invasion by polymorphonuclear leukocytes was observed
      as early as 2 days and was prominent at 14 days after the start of daily
      injections. Deposits of IgE-IC and IgG2a-IC plus the third complement component
      were observed mainly in mesangial areas early in the experiment (3 to 8 days) and
      additionally along peripheral loops at a later stage (9 to 14 days). By electron
      microscopic examination, immune deposits were detected in the mesangial areas as
      well as in the subepithelial aspect of the peripheral loops. These results reveal
      that the isotype of the antibody used to prepare IC does not influence the form
      or severity of glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 3695413
TI  - Fc-mediated endocytosis by human neutrophils. Ultrastructural studies.
AB  - Fc Receptors (FcR) mediate the binding and uptake by polymorphonuclear leukocytes
      (PMN) of antibody-coated particles and soluble immune complexes. We have studied
      Fc-mediated endocytosis by PMN ultrastructurally using a gold-conjugated
      monoclonal antibody (3G8) to block or to mark the location of FcR. Phagocytosis
      of antibody-coated erythrocytes (EIgG) was initiated rapidly after binding to
      discrete foci on the PMN plasma membrane. After the phagocytosis of EIgG, we
      examined the distribution of FcR remaining on the PMN plasma membrane. 3G8
      Colloidal gold continued to bind to PMN after ingestion of up to three EIgG,
      demonstrating that all PMN FcR are not utilized during a brief phagocytic event.
      The endocytosis of soluble immune complexes was examined by labeling plasma
      membrane-bound rabbit immune complexes with goat anti-rabbit IgG conjugated to
      colloidal gold. Gold was found in clusters randomly distributed over the plasma
      membrane at 4 degrees C. When cells were warmed to 37 degrees C, numerous
      endocytic vesicles were observed as early as 2.5 minutes after warming. After 30
      minutes at 37 degrees C, large vesicles, 1 micron in diameter, were found to
      contain 20 to 30 gold particles. The endocytosis of 3G8 was also examined using
      colloidal gold. After binding of 3G8-gold at 4 degrees C, clusters of large
      vesicles, up to 2 micron in diameter, were rapidly formed at 37 degrees C.

PMID- 3695414
TI  - Morphometric evaluation of the renal arterial system of Dahl salt-sensitive and
      salt-resistant rats on a high salt diet. I. Interlobar and arcuate arteries.
AB  - Structural changes in intrarenal arteries of inbred Dahl salt-sensitive and salt
      resistant rats with acute hypertension were studied morphometrically. After a
      week on a normal salt diet (1% NaCl), animals were placed on a high salt diet (8%
      NaCl) for 4 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (BP) and body weights (BW) were
      recorded, and six salt-sensitive and six salt-resistant animals were sacrificed
      weekly for a total of five sampling periods. Corrected cross-sectional (C/S)
      areas of adventitia, media (MAC), intima, wall (WAC), and lumen (LAC) were
      measured by planimetry. Although significant increases (p less than 0.01) in both
      BW and systolic BP were observed over time in both strains, salt-sensitive rats
      became hypertensive (systolic BP greater than 150 mm Hg) by week 2 on a high salt
      diet, while salt-resistant rats remained normotensive. In interlobar arteries,
      significant increases over time were observed for the WAC, MAC, and LAC in salt
      resistant rats and in the WAC, adventitia, MAC, and LAC for salt-sensitive rats.
      Significant increases over time were observed for the WAC, adventitia, MAC, and
      LAC in arcuate arteries from salt-sensitive rats only. Increased C/S areas
      observed over time in both strains were observed by week 3 on the high salt diet,
      after the elevated systolic BP. Analysis of covariance indicated that increased
      C/S areas observed over time in salt-sensitive rats paralleled elevated systolic
      BP but did not follow an increase in BW. On the other hand, in salt-resistant
      rats, increased C/S areas observed over time correlated with BW but not systolic
      BP. The documented rapid development of vascular changes in salt-sensitive rats
      in conjunction with the development of acute hypertension demonstrates the
      potential usefulness of this model for investigating the pathogenesis of
      hypertensive renal vascular alterations.

PMID- 3695415
TI  - Postnatal evolution of the human pineal gland. An immunohistochemical study.
AB  - Pineal glands from 16 infants ranging from 38 weeks gestation to 3 years of age
      were fixed in buffered formalin; Paraffin sections were stained for neuron
      specific enolase, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and S-100 protein (S-100)
      using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method and hematoxylin and eosin, Masson
      Fontana, and Bodian stains. The pineal glands of neonates consisted of cords of
      closely packed, dark, nucleated cells (type I) with intervening loosely arranged,
      large, clear cells (type II). The type I cells were frequently pigmented and
      occasionally exhibited rosette formation. They were positive for S-100 and
      negative for neuron-specific enolase. The type II cells were strongly positive
      for neuron-specific enolase and negative for melanin and S-100. The type I cells
      were the predominant cell type at birth; however, the number of type II cells
      gradually increased with age, and by the age of 1 year, only scattered S-100
      positive cells, consistent with sustentacular cells, were found. The findings
      indicated that the human pineal glands undergo a remarkable morphologic and
      functional evolution as an endocrine organ in the postnatal life.

PMID- 3695416
TI  - Age-related changes in the neuroendocrine (endocrine-paracrine) cell population
      and the serotonin content of the guinea pig prostate.
AB  - Neuroendocrine (endocrine-paracrine, APUD) cells of the guinea pig prostatic
      complex (prostate and coagulating gland) were studied at three age points (9-day
      old weanlings, 11 to 12 week mature pre-breeders, and retired breeders) using
      serotonin immunocytochemistry for detection and subsequent morphometric analysis.
      Prostatic complex serotonin levels were determined for the same age groups using
      high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The
      numbers of neuroendocrine (NE) cells in the prostatic complex of retired breeders
      was 1.42 +/- 0.29 NE cells/mm gland length (mean +/- SEM) and was increased
      nearly 24-fold when compared with mature pre-breeders with 0.06 +/- 0.03 NE
      cells/mm gland length and nearly 16-fold when compared with the weanlings with
      0.09 +/- 0.04 NE cells/mm gland length. The increase in cell number in the
      retired breeders versus each of the other age groups was highly significant (p
      less than 0.001). The increase in NE cells appeared to take place exclusively in
      the prostate, whereas the number of NE cells in the coagulating gland were few
      and not significantly different in the three age groups. The number of urethral
      NE cells also appeared similar in all three age groups. The number of prostatic
      epithelial cells/gland length increased with age. The number of NE cells/100
      prostatic epithelial cells was examined in the three age groups and the increase
      in retired breeders over the other two groups was still highly significant (p
      less than 0.001). Serotonin levels, which were measured for the whole prostatic
      complex, indicated a nearly 6-fold increase with age: retired breeders had 97.72
      +/- 21.26 ng/g of wet tissue (mean +/- SEM) whereas mature pre-breeders had 17.1
      +/- 2.88 ng/g of wet tissue (p less than 0.01). Weanling serotonin levels were
      not detectable. This dramatic age-related increase in prostatic NE cells and
      serotonin content could reflect a compensation for a decreased effectiveness of
      NE cell hormones, a nonfunctional primary hyperplasia, a hyperplasia secondary to
      endogenous hormonal or involutional changes or exogenous factors. Whatever the
      mechanism, this increase in prostatic NE cells with age is of great interest
      since human prostatic carcinoma and benign nodular hyperplasia are both strongly
      correlated with advanced age. Prostatic NE cells may, therefore, directly or
      indirectly be in the pathogenesis and/or evolution of these important pathologic
      processes.

PMID- 3695417
TI  - The relationship among attitudes, behaviors, and biomedical measures of
      adolescents "at risk" for cardiovascular disease.
AB  - This study monitored trends in health behavior and attitudes of 93 adolescents
      who, according to clinical measures, were classified "at risk" for cardiovascular
      disease and determined the relationship among their health status, behavior, and
      attitude over a four-year period. Data collected included biomedical measures and
      self-reported health behaviors and attitudes. A greater proportion of "at risk"
      students reported negative health behavior changes in smoking, diet, alcohol, and
      stress. However, a positive health behavior trend was noted with respect to
      smokeless tobacco use declining from a high of 14% as freshmen to 8% as seniors.
      Also, students appeared sensitive to the potentially harmful effects of smoking.
      In general, a positive relationship existed among health status, health
      attitudes, and behavior. The findings justify screening to identify students "at
      risk" and beginning early intervention to prevent chronic disease in later life.

PMID- 3695418
TI  - School nurses' perceptions of childhood obesity.
AB  - A random sample of 250 nurses from the American School Health Association
      membership were sent a questionnaire concerning childhood obesity; 88% responded.
      Most (85%) believed normal weight was important to children's health and that
      school nurses should be role models by maintaining normal weight (77%). Most also
      believed counseling children and their parents about weight loss was difficult
      (71%) and that schools need to do more to alleviate childhood obesity (65%). At
      least 75% believed all schools should offer a comprehensive health curriculum
      with units on nutrition and weight control. Likewise, all schools should
      eliminate "junk food" machines and make special low-calorie lunches available.
      Only 25% felt competent to prescribe weight loss programs for children, and only
      30% found counseling about weight loss professionally gratifying. One-fourth
      believed, that with proper guidance, children could lose significant amounts of
      weight or maintain that weight loss. The nurses believed in the importance of
      normal weight, but appeared skeptical of children's abilities to lose weight as
      well as their own abilities to provide children with guidance to do so. Finally,
      they perceived a need for schools to be more active and involved in dealing with
      childhood obesity.

PMID- 3695420
TI  - Enhancing professional preparation through intergenerational interviews.

PMID- 3695421
TI  - Analyzing the health professions.

PMID- 3695419
TI  - Characteristics of school health education advisory councils.

PMID- 3695422
TI  - A school program for children of alcoholics.

PMID- 3695423
TI  - A new approach to athletic physicals.

PMID- 3695424
TI  - Genetic aspects of foot deformities.

PMID- 3695425
TI  - Genetics of cleft lip and cleft palate.

PMID- 3695426
TI  - Study on the correlation between venous and heel prick serum bilirubin.

PMID- 3695427
TI  - Upper limb loadings of gait with crutches.
AB  - Long-term crutch users and patients with arthritis are particularly susceptible
      to upper limb joint degeneration during aided gait. The function of the walking
      aid for stability, support, and restraint/propulsion must be optimized with the
      upper limb loadings caused by the aids. Post-operative total hip replacement
      (THR) patients, tibial fracture, and paraplegic subjects using sticks and elbow
      crutches were analyzed in this study. Elbow and shoulder joint centers and aid
      orientations were monitored simultaneously in three dimensions and combined with
      aid forces to determine upper limb moment loadings. Three loading effects were
      observed: tendency for the aids to cause 1) the elbow to flex and shoulder to
      extend, 2) the elbow and shoulder to extend, and 3) the shoulder to abduct.
      Moment values of up to 0.10 Nm per body weight (BW) causing the shoulder to
      extend were measured, i.e., of similar magnitude to the moments at the hip in
      unaided gait. A modification of the elbow crutch, designed to improve medial
      lateral stability, was unsuccessful in use due to wrist instability. This
      reinforced the requirement that crutch designs integrate the aid's function in
      gait with the ability of the upper limb joints to balance the applied loads.

PMID- 3695428
TI  - Load sharing among spinal elements of a motion segment in extension and lateral
      bending.
AB  - A linear optimization model was formulated using a semi-experimental protocol to
      estimate the forces in the spinal elements of a lumbar motion segment subjected
      to an extension or lateral bending moment with and without a 120 N compressive
      preload. A morphometer was used to acquire the three-dimensional locations of the
      disk center, facet centers and ligament origin and insertion sites with the
      specimen in a "neutral" position. The relative motion of the superior vertebra,
      under the loading conditions tested, was monitored using a Selspot II system.
      These data allowed the formulation of the static equilibrium equations for the
      superior vertebra at each of the loading conditions mentioned above. A linear
      optimization technique was used, along with a suitable cost function, to find an
      optimum solution for the set of equations and imposed constraints. Results showed
      that for 6.9 Nm of extension moment, each facet carried a load of 52 N, with the
      disk carrying an axial tensile load of 104 N. At the 6.9 Nm extension moment
      coupled with 120 N preload, each facet carried a load of 77.2 N and the disk an
      axial tensile load of 37 N. In right lateral bending, with and without preload,
      the load was distributed among the right facet, the disk, the left ligamentum
      flavum and the left capsular ligament. At the 6.9 Nm load step without preload
      the right facet carried an axial load of 127.01 N with the disk carrying an axial
      compressive load of 7.8 N. Ligament forces for this step for the left ligamentum
      flavum and capsular ligament, respectively, were 61.03 N and 65.14 N. The
      addition of 120 N of preload reduced the load on the right facet to 83.5 N. The
      compressive load in the disk increased to 107.5 N. The corresponding ligament
      forces were 43.2 N (left ligamentum flavum) and 50.7 N (left capsular ligament).

PMID- 3695429
TI  - On constitutive relations and finite deformations of passive cardiac tissue: I. A
      pseudostrain-energy function.
AB  - A three-dimensional constitutive relation for passive cardiac tissue is
      formulated in terms of a structurally motivated pseudostrain-energy function, W,
      while the mathematical simplicity of phenomenological approaches is preserved. A
      specific functional form of W is proposed on the basis of limited structural
      information and multiaxial experimental data. The material parameters are
      determined in a least-squared sense from both uniaxial and biaxial data. Our
      results suggest that (1) multiaxially-loaded cardiac tissue is nearly
      transversely-isotropic with respect to local muscle fiber directions, at least
      for a limited range of strain histories, (2) material parameters determined from
      uniaxial papillary muscle data result in gross underestimates of the stresses in
      multiaxially-loaded specimens, and (3) material parameters determined from
      equibiaxial tests predict the behavior of the tissue under various nonequibiaxial
      stretching protocols reasonably well.

PMID- 3695430
TI  - A structural model for molded thermoplastic ankle-foot orthoses.
AB  - The structural response of a posterior leaf spring, ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) was
      studied both experimentally and with a simple theoretical model. The theoretical
      model, which was compared with other analytical solutions and experimental data,
      predicted the bending and twisting of the AFO due to unit loads. The simple
      theoretical model utilized beam equations and small deflection theory. Excellent
      agreement between test and predicted values was achieved, indicating that the
      simple theoretical model, which was relatively easy to implement computationally,
      could serve as the major component of a computer-aided design program.

PMID- 3695431
TI  - A theoretical model for water flux through the artery wall.
AB  - A two layer model for water flux through the artery is studied using a
      mathematical model based on the theory for the consolidation of water saturated
      soils. The matrix is considered to be constituted by two layers with different
      permeabilities and different elastic constants and the two systems of equations
      are coupled with the condition of continuity of pressure, total stress, solid
      displacement and fluid seepage velocity at the interface. The luminal pressure is
      considered to be harmonic in time. Exact solutions are obtained for displacements
      and pressures in both the layers. For large consolidation times, large pressure
      gradients are found to exist near the boundaries and at the interface. The
      heterogeneous model may not only be useful to understand the mechanics of
      transport in the physiological system but it will also help the bioengineers to
      choose proper implant materials to design artificial vascular organs for the
      purpose of prosthesis.

PMID- 3695432
TI  - Kinematic and passive resistive properties of human elbow complex.
AB  - In recent years, owing to their versatility and reduced cost of operation,
      multisegmented mathematical models of the total human body have gained increased
      attention in gross biodynamic motion studies. This, in turn, has stimulated the
      need for a proper biomechanical data base for the major human articulating
      joints. The lack of such a database for the humero-elbow complex is the impetus
      for this study. The total angular range of motion permitted by the complex and
      the passive resistive properties beyond the full elbow extension were studied.
      Results obtained on ten normal male subjects were utilized to establish a
      statistical data base for the humero-elbow complex. Results are also expressed in
      functional expansion form suitable for incorporation into the existing
      multisegmented models.

PMID- 3695433
TI  - The effects of RPM and recycle on separation efficiency in a clinical blood cell
      centrifuge.
AB  - A COBE blood cell centrifuge, model 2997 with a single stage channel, was
      modified to allow computer controlled sampling, and to allow recycle of red blood
      cells (RBCs) and plasma streams using bovine whole blood. The effects of recycle
      of the packed RBC and plasma product streams, and of the centrifuge RPM on
      platelet and white blood cell (WBC) separation efficiencies were quantified using
      a central composite factorial experimental design. These data were then fit using
      second order models. Both the model for the WBC separation efficiency and the
      model for the platelet separation efficiency predict that RPM has the greatest
      effect on separation efficiency and that RBC and plasma recycle have detrimental
      effects at moderate to low RPM, but have negligible impact on separation
      efficiency at high RPM.

PMID- 3695434
TI  - A self-heated thermistor technique to measure effective thermal properties from
      the tissue surface.
AB  - A microcomputer based instrument to measure effective thermal conductivity and
      diffusivity at the surface of a tissue has been developed. Self-heated spherical
      thermistors, partially embedded in an insulator, are used to simultaneously heat
      tissue and measure the resulting temperature rise. The temperature increase of
      the thermistor for a given applied power is a function of the combined thermal
      properties of the insulator, the thermistor, and the tissue. Once the probe is
      calibrated, the instrument accurately measures the thermal properties of tissue.
      Conductivity measurements are accurate to 2 percent and diffusivity measurements
      are accurate to 4 percent. A simplified bioheat equation is used which assumes
      the effective tissue thermal conductivity is a linear function of perfusion.
      Since tissue blood flow strongly affects heat transfer, the surface thermistor
      probe is quite sensitive to perfusion.

PMID- 3695435
TI  - The physical dimensions of the human neonatal cardiovascular system.
AB  - To establish a data base for studies which seek to model and simulate the human
      perinatal cardiovascular system, we dissected three stillborn, full-term infants
      and measured the length, internal diameter, and wall thickness of over 1000 blood
      vessel segments. Cumulatively, these segments represent the major and minor
      vessels of the systemic and pulmonary circulation at birth. Statistical analysis
      showed that the methods used to obtain these physical dimensions were highly
      consistent and that storage of tissue samples in 10 percent formaldehyde solution
      caused a linear shrinkage of approximately 6.3 percent. A topological code was
      developed to illustrate the network relationships of blood vessel segments. An
      example of data utilization based on the topological code is presented and
      discussed.

PMID- 3695436
TI  - Developing oscillatory flow in a circular pipe: a new solution.
AB  - The problem of oscillatory flow in a circular pipe was analyzed by Atabek and
      associates more than two decades ago. Their formulas for velocity and pressure
      distributions in developing pipe flows under oscillatory conditions have been
      often cited. However, the application of these formulas for flow field
      computations requires a rather complex procedure involving plotting of a set of
      curves and predetermination of the phase angles. This paper presents a method
      using the imaginary argument of the Bessel function to solve the Navier-Stokes
      equations. A different set of solution formulas are obtained. A comparison of the
      formulas obtained in this paper with those of Atabek shows that the former is
      considerably simpler and more convenient to use in flow computations. Numerical
      results computed using this paper's formulas are consistent with Atabek's and
      with the experimental measurements.

PMID- 3695437
TI  - Theory on thermal probe arrays for the distinction between the convective and the
      perfusive modalities of heat transfer in living tissues.
AB  - Recent suggestions for an improved model of heat transfer in living tissues
      emphasize the existence of a convective mode due to flowing blood in addition to,
      or even instead of, the perfusive mode, as proposed in Pennes' "classic" bioheat
      equation. In view of these suggestions, it might be beneficial to develop a
      technique that will enable one to distinguish between these two modes of bioheat
      transfer. To this end, a concept that utilizes a multiprobe array of thermistors
      in conjunction with a revised bioheat transfer equation has been derived to
      distinguish between, and to quantify the perfusive and convective contribution of
      blood to heat transfer in living tissues. The array consists of two or more
      temperature sensors one of which also serves to locally insert a short pulse of
      heat into the tissue prior to the temperature measurements. A theoretical
      analysis shows that such a concept is feasible. The construction of the system
      involves the selection of several important design parameters, i.e., the distance
      between the probes, the heating power, and the pulse duration. The choice of
      these parameters is based on computer simulations of the actual experiment.

PMID- 3695438
TI  - Three-dimensional motion behavior of the human spine--a question of terminology.

PMID- 3695439
TI  - Comments on Weinbaum and Jiji's discussion of their proposed bioheat equation.

PMID- 3695440
TI  - Physiological bases of acoustic LRT in nonstutterers, mild stutterers, and severe
      stutterers.
AB  - The simple reaction time paradigm, incorporating a variable foreperiod, was used
      to investigate relative contributions of the respiratory and laryngeal systems to
      mild and severe stutterers' prolonged acoustic laryngeal reaction time (LRT)
      values. Prephonatory kinematic data were analyzed in terms of frequency of
      initiation, timing, and organization of events executed to attain the functional
      physiological targets of respiratory inflation during foreperiods and phonation
      onset after foreperiods. Acoustic data replicated a previously observed composite
      stuttering severity and foreperiod effect on stutterers' acoustic LRT values.
      Kinematic data revealed that, in general, the mild stutterers demonstrated
      delayed initiation of respiratory events and appropriate organization of
      respiratory and laryngeal events while the severe stutterers demonstrated delayed
      initiation of laryngeal events and inappropriate organization of respiratory and
      laryngeal events. That is, kinematic data both account for group differences in
      acoustic LRT values as a function of foreperiod and support the notion that
      differential respiratory and laryngeal deficits underly mild and severe
      stutterers' prolonged acoustic LRT values.

PMID- 3695441
TI  - A functional analysis of phonological knowledge and generalization learning in
      misarticulating children.
AB  - It has been suggested that a child's productive phonological knowledge may be one
      factor that potentially accounts for individual differences in generalization
      learning observed among phonologically disordered children (Dinnsen & Elbert,
      1984; Elbert, Dinnsen, & Powell, 1984). This paper evaluates the hypothesis that
      productive phonological knowledge influences generalization. Three related
      studies involving 6 functionally misarticulating children were conducted. In the
      first study, a description of each child's phonological system was developed
      using procedures of standard generative analysis. Based upon these descriptions,
      each child's productive phonological knowledge of his or her own sound system was
      determined and then ranked on a continuum ranging from "most" to "least"
      knowledge relative to the adult target. The second study implemented an
      experimental treatment program based upon each child's productive phonological
      knowledge, with treatment sounds selected directly from each child's continuum of
      knowledge. The third study reassessed each child's productive phonological
      knowledge following treatment. The results of these three studies indicated that
      a child's productive phonological knowledge of the sound system influenced the
      overall amount of generalization learning. However, the extent of generalization
      learning was associated with the point on the knowledge continuum at which
      treatment was initiated. These findings are discussed with reference to
      individual differences in generalization learning.

PMID- 3695442
TI  - Speech perception by four single-channel cochlear implant users.
AB  - Four profoundly deaf adults, each a recent recipient of a scala tympani implant,
      underwent auditory and auditory-visual speech comprehension evaluations. Two
      subjects had multiple-electrode auditory prostheses, and 2 had single-electrode
      implants. All subjects were tested preoperatively with a high-power hearing aid,
      and postoperatively with a single-channel wearable sound processor. Reported here
      are the results of the first formal speech recognition tests which were conducted
      during the 8 months after the sound processor fitting. Three subjects had used
      the single-channel processor on a daily basis for up to 8 months at the time of
      postoperative testing. The 4th subject was a nonuser. On listening tests, a
      comparison between pre- and post-implant scores revealed little difference for
      any subject. On postoperative speechreading tasks, all subjects identified medial
      consonant phonemes and 2-digit numerals better with stimulation than without. The
      3 frequent users of the device experienced significant improvement on connected
      discourse tracking, and their speechreading of videotaped and live voice CID
      Everyday Sentences (Davis & Silverman, 1978) was enhanced with the addition of
      stimulation. The nonuser was a very proficient speechreader at the outset and
      exhibited no significant difference on connected-discourse tracking with and
      without stimulation. Moreover her ability to speechread Everyday Sentences was
      hampered slightly by the addition of stimulation. This single-channel sound
      processor functioned as a sensory supplement for the 3 frequent users, but no
      subject was able to use the processor as a sensory substitute.

PMID- 3695443
TI  - The effect of stimulus repetition rate on the auditory brainstem response in
      tumor and nontumor patients.
AB  - Auditory brainstem responses were recorded in two groups of adult subjects with
      asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss. Clicks were presented at repetition rates
      of 9.7, 39.7, 49.7, and 59.7/s. One group was composed of 20 patients with no
      known otoneurologic lesion (cochlear group), and one group was composed of 8
      patients with a surgically confirmed acoustic neuroma in the ear with poorer
      hearing sensitivity (retrocochlear group). Detection of wave V at different
      repetition rates was not significantly different between the two groups. Average
      wave-V latency shift was not significantly different between the two groups as
      repetition rate increased from 9.7/s to 39.7/s but was significantly greater for
      the retrocochlear group as repetition rate increased from 9.7/s to 49.7/s and
      59.7/s. However, the wave-V latency shift showed no improvement over the slow
      rate interaural wave-V latency difference in discriminating between the two
      groups of patients. No significant correlation between the amount of wave-V
      latency shift and hearing loss at 2000 Hz or 4000 Hz was found for the ears with
      poorer hearing sensitivity.

PMID- 3695444
TI  - Individual differences in phonological development: ages one and three years.
AB  - This paper reports the results of a study of the persistence of individual
      differences in the phonological development of 10 normally developing children
      observed at age 1 year and again at age 3 years. Data were based on 1/2-hr audio
      and video recordings of weekly spontaneous mother-child interaction sessions in
      the home between 9 and 17 months and at 36 months. In addition, phonological and
      cognitive probes were administered at age 3. At age 1 the children were compared
      at four times selected on the basis of the number of different word types used in
      a session. Preferences for particular phonological categories (fricatives,
      liquids, final consonants) were found not to correspond to relative mastery of
      those categories at age 3. Based on both babble and words, high use of
      vocalizations containing true consonants was found to be predictive of greater
      phonological advance at age 3. Phonological errors of two kinds were
      distinguished for age 3: those resulting from difficulty with specific segments
      and those more typical of younger children, involving the rearrangement,
      assimilation, or deletion of segments or syllables (prosodic errors). The
      children differed in intelligibility and in specific segment substitutions and
      cluster reductions. They also differed in the proportion of prosodic errors made
      and in consistency in segmental errors. Lastly, aspects of cognitive or learning
      style as expressed in phonological organization were found to be recognizable at
      both age 1 and age 3.

PMID- 3695445
TI  - Temporal characteristics of the speech of normal elderly adults.
AB  - A number of physical and psychological changes occur as a result of the normal
      aging process. These changes often result in an increase in the time subjects
      require to perform various motor (and sensory) tasks. Although the effects of
      aging upon a variety of behaviors have been quite well documented, considerably
      less information is available concerning how normal aging may affect speech
      production. The present study examined temporal characteristics of the speech of
      10 normal, elderly adults and 10 young adults who produced a variety of words and
      sentences at both normal and fast speaking rates. Acoustic analyses indicated
      that the elderly adults' segment, syllable, and sentence durations were 20 to 25%
      longer than those of the young adults at both the normal and the fast rates of
      speech. In addition to comparisons that were made between these two groups of
      subjects, comparisons were also made with durations of the speech of young
      children studied in previous research. It was observed that the elderly subjects
      tended to produce durations comparable to those of 6- and 7-year-old children.

PMID- 3695446
TI  - Story grammar ability in children with and without language disorder: story
      generation, story retelling, and story comprehension.
AB  - Twenty language-impaired and unimpaired children ages 9:0 to 11:4 participated in
      three story tasks. The children generated three original stories, retold two
      adventure stories, and then answered two sets of comprehension questions after
      each retelling. Stein and Glenn's (1979) story grammar rules were adapted and
      used to analyze the narratives. The generated and retold stories produced by the
      language-disordered children contained fewer complete story episodes, a lower
      mean number of main and subordinate clauses per complete episode, and a lower
      frequency of use of story grammar components than those of the control group. The
      story hierarchies produced by both groups were highly similar, though, in both
      story generation and story retelling. The groups also did not differ in their
      understanding of the factual details of the retold stories, but did differ
      significantly in their comprehension of the relationships linking the critical
      parts of the stories together. The results are discussed relative to cognitive
      organizational deficits of language-impaired children.

PMID- 3695447
TI  - Changes in voice fundamental frequency following discharge of single motor units
      in cricothyroid and thyroarytenoid muscles.
AB  - This investigation was designed to measure voice Fo changes related to single
      motor unit (SMU) contractions in the cricothyroid and thyroarytenoid muscles.
      Four subjects (3 men and 1 woman) were recorded producing a prolonged vowel at
      modal pitch and loudness levels while simultaneous recordings of electromyograms
      (EMG) from the muscles were obtained. Voice Fo changes unrelated to SMU firings
      in the muscles were eliminated using an averaging method previously described by
      Baer (1979). Results indicate that the time between discharge of the SMU and the
      peak in Fo change ("Fo Latency") was variable and ranged from 5 to 20 ms for the
      thyroarytenoid and 6 to 75 ms for the cricothyroid muscle. Distinct oscillations
      in Fo were always present in recordings from the woman subject and from the men
      when they phonated at higher-than-modal pitch levels. The findings are discussed
      in relation to SMU contraction times, biomechanics of the vocal folds, and the
      presence of jitter in normal voices.

PMID- 3695448
TI  - Frequency modulation detection by normally hearing and profoundly hearing
      impaired listeners.
AB  - The ability of normally hearing and profoundly hearing-impaired subjects to
      detect frequency modulations was evaluated under conditions where the amplitudes
      of the test signals were either constant (CA), sinusoidally modulated (SAM), or
      randomly modulated (RAM). Results for hearing-impaired listeners showed larger
      frequency difference limens (DLFM) than those for normally hearing listeners for
      all test frequencies (100 to 1000 Hz) and for all amplitude conditions. For both
      normal-hearing and hearing-impaired subjects, the DFLM was smallest for the
      constant amplitude condition and largest for the randomly modulated condition.
      Differences in performance between the RAM and CA conditions were generally much
      larger for impaired listeners than for normally hearing listeners. With random
      amplitude modulation, DLFMs for the hearing-impaired subjects were approximately
      36 times larger than those for normally hearing subjects.

PMID- 3695449
TI  - Comparison of cineradiographic and photodetection techniques for assessing
      velopharyngeal function during speech.
AB  - This study investigated the extent to which high-speed lateral-view
      cineradiography and a photodetector system described by Dalston (1982) provided
      comparable information concerning velopharyngeal activity. We observed the
      production of isolated utterances and running speech for 2 subjects in three
      contexts. A comparison was made between the times at which the velopharyngeal
      port was observed by each method to begin opening, reach maximal opening, begin
      closing, and initially attain closure. The photodetector system was found to be
      sensitive to changes in velar position observed by cineradiography. The
      correlation between the magnitude of photodetector output and the magnitude of
      velar displacement from the posterior pharyngeal wall was .89 for Subject 1 and
      .78 for Subject 2. The lack of a perfect relation between the output of the
      photodetector device and movements of the velum observed by cineradiography was
      not unexpected given the two-dimensional limitation of lateral cineradiography
      and the complexity of events associated with changing port size. The significance
      of these findings is discussed with respect to the potential research and
      clinical uses of this photodetector system.

PMID- 3695450
TI  - The role of pulmonary lymphatics in the clearance of hydrostatic pulmonary edema.
AB  - Pulmonary lymphatics are believed to play a major role in preventing the
      formation of pulmonary edema, but their role in clearance of established edema
      has not been defined. To measure the lymphatic contribution to the clearance of
      acute hydrostatic pulmonary edema, a lung lymph fistula was established in 16
      anesthetized sheep. Pulmonary edema was induced by a rapid volume infusion of
      Ringer's lactate (six animals) or homologous plasma (six animals). Four control
      animals received no fluid. Simultaneous measurements of lymph flow and
      extravascular lung water (EVLW) were made. Data were analyzed for the resolution
      phase of pulmonary edema. The contribution of the pulmonary lymphatics to
      resolution was expressed as a percentage of total lung water resolved. Resolution
      rates for crystalloid and plasma infusion groups were 3.8 +/- 2.4 cc/kg/hr and
      2.7 +/- 1.0 cc/kg/hr, respectively. There was no statistically significant
      difference between the groups in terms of EVLW increases or resolution rates. Net
      measured pulmonary lymph flow during the resolution phase of pulmonary edema was
      0.33 +/- 0.18 cc/kg/hr and 0.39 +/- 0.20 and accounted for only 8.8 and 14.6% of
      resolved pulmonary edema in these respective groups. These data suggest the
      pulmonary lymphatic drainage plays a very minor role in the clearance of acute
      hydrostatic edema. The lungs appear to be capable of resolving as much as 40% per
      hour of increased extravascular lung water produced under these circumstances.

PMID- 3695451
TI  - The effects of gastrointestinal malignancy on whole body protein metabolism.
AB  - To study whether primary site or advancing stage of disease influenced whole body
      protein metabolism, [1-14C]leucine was used in five gastric and nine colorectal
      cancer patients and ten with benign disease. No differences were found by primary
      site or by comparing cancerous to benign patients. No differences were found
      between TNM stages 1, 2, or 3. Flux, synthesis and breakdown rates (2.30 +/-
      0.29, 1.88 +/- 0.33, and 1.66 +/- 0.26 mmole leucine kg-1 day-1, respectively)
      were significantly greater in disseminated (stage 4) disease than in localized
      (stages 1-3) disease (1.71 +/- 0.32, 1.44 +/- 0.23, and 1.09 +/- 0.23 mmole
      leucine kg-1 day-1). Advanced cancer stage is marked by accelerated leucine
      metabolism, with flux and synthesis rates influenced primarily by feeding and
      secondarily by stage of disease. Protein breakdown rates correlated most closely
      to the stage of cancer. Cancer cachexia is the result of appetite suppression,
      decreased nutrient intake, and altered metabolism of endogenous substrates.
      Protein metabolism probably changes as a consequence, not a cause, of altered
      intake and energy metabolism in the tumor-bearing host.

PMID- 3695453
TI  - 111In-platelet and 125I-fibrinogen deposition in the lungs in experimental acute
      pancreatitis.
AB  - An experimental model of acute pancreatitis in rats has been used to study
      intrapulmonary 125I-fibrinogen and 111In-platelet deposition. Pancreatitis caused
      a significant increase in wet lung weight compared to normal, and this could be
      abolished by heparin or aspirin pretreatment. 125I-fibrinogen was deposited in
      the lungs of animals to a significantly greater degree than in controls (P less
      than 0.01). 125I-fibrinogen deposition was reduced to control levels by
      pretreatment with aspirin or heparin (P less than 0.05). The uptake of
      radiolabeled platelets was greater in pancreatitis than in controls (P less than
      0.001). Pancreatitis appears to be responsible for platelet entrapment in the
      lungs. Platelet uptake was reduced by heparin treatment but unaffected by aspirin
      therapy.

PMID- 3695452
TI  - Modulation of fibroblast proliferation by postsurgical macrophages.
AB  - Macrophages and fibroblasts are major components of postsurgical peritoneal
      repair. In order to understand the interaction between these two cell types, we
      studied the effects of spent macrophage culture media on fibroblast
      proliferation. Rabbits underwent resection and reanastomosis of their small
      intestine. Peritoneal exudative cells (PEC) were then collected from these
      animals on postoperative Days 4, 7, and 28 and from nonsurgical controls. PEC (5
      X 10(5) cells/ml) were cultured in M-199 with 3% fetal calf serum. After 48 hr
      the spent media from the cultured PEC were harvested, centrifuged (200g for 10
      min), and stored (medium: M-D0, D4, D7, D28). A second group of rabbits underwent
      peritoneal wall abrasion followed by collection of fibroblasts directly from the
      site of injury on postoperative Days 1, 4, and 7. After Day 7 of culture,
      fibroblasts were resuspended and seeded into dishes (1 X 10(5) cells in 1 ml
      medium), to which was added 1 ml of spent PEC culture medium. After 24 hr of
      incubation, 1 muCi [3H]thymidine was added for an additional 18 hr. Fibroblasts
      were then collected and the amount of [3H]thymidine incorporated into
      trichloroacetic acid-precipitable material was quantitated. In one protocol,
      fresh M-199 with 3% fetal calf serum was used, and in another protocol, "U
      medium" (which was previously incubated for 48 hr with fibroblasts) was used. The
      cytology of the PEC was determined by Wright's staining, nonspecific esterase
      activity, and phagocytosis. At least 80% of the peritoneal exudative cells were
      identified as macrophages. Postsurgical Day 7 fibroblasts demonstrated greater
      [3H]thymidine incorporation compared to fibroblasts from postoperative Days 1 and
      4.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3695454
TI  - Effect of iron and liver injury on the pathogenesis of Vibrio vulnificus.
AB  - Noncholera vibrio species can cause necrotizing soft tissue infections and
      cellulitis in addition to gastroenteritis. Cellulitis and necrotizing soft tissue
      infections frequently occur in people with liver disease or in people who are in
      some way a compromised host. We studied the effect of Vibrio vulnificus on the
      mortality of mice treated with carbon tetrachloride, an agent that causes liver
      damage, Desferal, an iron-chelating agent, or iron. The LD50 of V. vulnificus is
      approximately 2.5 X 10(6) CFU. In mice, desferal lowered the LD50 to less than
      100 CFU, and carbon tetrachloride lowered the LD50 to approximately 1000 CFU.
      Twenty percent of the mice that survived had necrosis of the skin overlying the
      injection site. These studies demonstrate that liver damage and iron chelating
      agents increase mortality and necrotizing soft tissue infections caused by V.
      vulnificus.

PMID- 3695455
TI  - Catecholamine-glucocorticoid interactions during surgical stress.
AB  - The stress response involves activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal
      axis and the sympathetic nervous system. To study the relative contributions of
      glucocorticoids, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine to homeostasis, we
      examined the effects of cortisol and epinephrine deficiency on the norepinephrine
      and dopamine responses to surgical stress in nonhuman primates. Adult male
      cynomolgus monkeys (n = 7-8/group) underwent bilateral or sham adrenalectomy and
      were maintained for 4 months on physiologic glucocorticoid (hydrocortisone
      phosphate, 32 mg/M2/day) and mineralocorticoid (DOCA pivalate, 1 mg/day)
      replacement, or placebo injections, respectively. The adrenalectomized monkeys
      were then stratified into three groups receiving subphysiologic (X1/10),
      physiologic (X1), or supraphysiologic (X10) glucocorticoid replacement. A
      cholecystectomy was performed 4 days later and the pre-, intra-, and
      postoperative plasma catecholamine levels were measured. Adrenalectomized animals
      had markedly decreased plasma epinephrine concentrations and accentuated plasma
      norepinephrine and dopamine responses to cholecystectomy, when compared to sham
      adrenalectomized controls. The magnitude of the norepinephrine accentuation was
      inversely related to the dose of cortisol administered preceding surgery.
      Norepinephrine and dopamine failed to completely normalize even at the high dose
      of glucocorticoid replacement which had been calculated to be similar to the
      cortisol production rate during maximal stress. Thus, surgical stress in the
      setting of inadequate glucocorticoid (cortisol) replacement and epinephrine
      deficiency, stimulates additional sympathetic activity, probably as an adaptive
      mechanism to maintain homeostasis. Both norepinephrine and dopamine are recruited
      to compensate for the glucocorticoid and epinephrine deficiency. Glucocorticoid
      administration decreases but does not normalize this compensatory sympathetic
      activity.

PMID- 3695456
TI  - Wound healing in normal and analbuminemic (NAR) rats.
AB  - It has been suggested by several investigators that hypoalbuminemia results in
      impaired wound healing. In most studies, however, hypoalbuminemia is a
      manifestation of malnutrition or underlying liver disease. In this study, we
      examined the effect of isolated hypoalbuminemia on wound healing. Analbuminemic
      (NAR) rats which are Sprague-Dawley mutants with trace levels of plasma albumin
      due to a defect in albumin synthesis were studied. Adult NAR and Sprague-Dawley
      rats (n = 10 each) underwent a 7 cm dorsal skin incision and implantation of a
      polyvinyl alcohol sponge subcutaneously under pentobarbital anesthesia. Seven
      days postoperatively all rats were killed with ether, the wounds were excised,
      and breaking strength was measured. Sponge hydroxyproline content was determined
      colorimetrically. There were no significant differences in wound breaking
      strength (fresh or formalin fixed) or sponge collagen content between the Sprague
      Dawley and analbuminemic rats. We conclude that isolated hypoalbuminemia has no
      detrimental effect on would healing in rats.

PMID- 3695457
TI  - Inhibition of cholesterol-induced increases in arterial wall permeability by
      propranolol.
AB  - Increased arterial permeability to [125I]albumin is one of the earliest
      abnormalities found in the cholesterol-fed rabbit model for atherosclerosis and
      precedes morphologic changes in the arterial wall. Since propranolol is reported
      to retard atherogenesis in this model, the current study was undertaken to study
      the effect of propranolol on arterial permeability to albumin in cholesterol-fed
      rabbits. Carotid permeability to [125I]albumin was measured after 1 week of (a) a
      control diet containing only trace cholesterol (N = 9), (b) a 1.5% cholesterol
      diet (N = 11), or (c) a 1.5% cholesterol diet plus intraperitoneal propranolol 5
      mg/kg/day (N = 19). The carotid artery was cannulated proximally and distally and
      peristaltically perfused with oxygenated Modified Eagle's Medium to which
      [125I]albumin had been added. The permeability of the carotid artery to albumin
      was estimated by measuring 125I activity in peripheral venous samples obtained
      after 0, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 min of carotid perfusion. 125I
      radioactivity of the perfused carotid artery was also counted at the end of the
      experiment to measure 125I retained in the arterial wall. The transfer of
      [125I]albumin across the arterial wall to the venous circulation was greater in
      the untreated cholesterol-fed group than in controls (P less than 0.05), but
      cholesterol-fed animals treated with propranolol did not differ significantly
      from controls. 125I-albumin in the arterial wall after 240 min of perfusion was
      decreased in both untreated cholesterol-fed animals (1444 dpm/cm +/- 350) and in
      propranolol-treated animals (1629 +/- 309) when these were compared to controls
      (3909 +/- 693, P less than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3695458
TI  - Hyperparathyroidism at a tertiary care facility.

PMID- 3695459
TI  - Adolescent suicide in East Tennessee. A birth cohort study.

PMID- 3695460
TI  - Peritoneo-pericardial hernia. A review and case report.

PMID- 3695461
TI  - Blunt injury to the diaphragm.

PMID- 3695462
TI  - Pancytopenia in a patient previously treated for Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 3695463
TI  - Jaundice in a middle-aged man.

PMID- 3695464
TI  - Tennessee AIDS Advisory Committee.

PMID- 3695465
TI  - The emergency room zoo.

PMID- 3695466
TI  - Isolated perforation of the gallbladder following blunt abdominal trauma.

PMID- 3695468
TI  - Blastomycosis.

PMID- 3695467
TI  - All-terrain vehicle accidents in Robertson County, Tennessee.

PMID- 3695469
TI  - A case of alcoholic ketoacidosis.

PMID- 3695470
TI  - Subcapsular hepatic hematoma without rupture, due to severe preeclampsia and the
      HELLP syndrome.

PMID- 3695472
TI  - Hormonal steroids. Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress on Hormonal
      Steroids. Madrid, Spain, September 1986.

PMID- 3695471
TI  - Fundamentals fundamental.

PMID- 3695474
TI  - Steroid hormone receptor localization in the nuclear matrix: interaction with
      acceptor sites.
AB  - The nuclear matrix is a conceptually attractive candidate for the site in the
      nucleus where steroid hormone-receptor complexes might interact to modulate DNA
      structure and function. We have demonstrated that in sex steroid target tissues a
      major proportion (50-100%) of the high affinity and steroid-specific receptors
      that become associated with the nucleus following hormonal stimulation are
      localized in the nuclear matrix. Direct cell-free binding assays confirm that
      this localization is due to the presence of specific acceptor sites in the matrix
      to which steroid-receptor complexes bind with high affinity and tissue
      specificity, and is not the result of spurious binding. The nuclear matrix
      appears to be a major site of hormone receptor binding in the nucleus, and this
      situation is consistent with the known ability of steroid hormones to stimulate
      gene transcription, a process which also appears to occur in association with the
      nuclear matrix.

PMID- 3695473
TI  - Biosynthesis and posttranslational finishing of the estradiol receptor.
AB  - The time course of subcellular receptor distribution in porcine endometrial
      epithelium was studied after intrauterine administration of estradiol alone or in
      combination with puromycin. In untreated cells, the major proportion of receptor
      is associated with cytoplasmic membranes. The solubilization of receptor from
      isolated nuclei is independent of their estradiol content. Smooth cytoplasmic
      membranes are the site of origin of receptor which is swiftly translocated into
      the nucleus in a 1:1 ratio with the hormone after exposure of the cells to
      estradiol. Simultaneously administered puromycin delays receptor synthesis and
      reveals that the nuclear passage of receptor is terminated by receptor
      degradation. The synthesis of receptor proceeds in rough endoplasmic membranes. A
      subsequent finishing and deposition in smooth membranes depends on intact protein
      synthesis.

PMID- 3695475
TI  - Topographic recognition of cyclic hydrocarbons and related compounds by receptors
      for androgens, estrogens, and glucocorticoids.
AB  - The structural requirements for the interaction of about 80 cyclic hydrocarbons
      and related compounds with the androgen receptor of rat ventral prostate, the
      estrogen receptor of human breast tumor MCF-7 cells, and the glucocorticoid
      receptor of rat liver were examined by comparing their abilities to compete with
      radioactive hormones for binding to the respective receptors. The results
      indicate that the receptor-binding affinity of a compound is dependent on its
      electronic configuration and geometrical similarity to a portion of a natural
      steroid hormone which can be recognized by local ligand-binding sites in the
      receptor. For the estrogen receptor, beta-phenols are more active than the
      corresponding alpha-phenols, whereas nonphenolic compounds are totally inactive.
      For androgen and glucocorticoid receptors, alpha-phenols are more active than
      beta-phenols. The androgen receptor can interact stereospecifically with
      nonoxygenated and nonalkylated cyclic hydrocarbons, such as 10,11-dihydro-5H
      dibenzo[a,d] cycloheptene or 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene, which can, in vivo,
      inhibit the androgen-dependent growth of the male accessory reproductive organs.
      The affinities of naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, biphenyl, and adamantane
      toward glucocorticoid and androgen receptors can be enhanced by acetylation or
      ethanolization of these ligands. Our results also indicate that, while the
      hormonal action of a steroid may be dependent on the interaction of a functional
      group on the hormone with a specific group on the receptor, the presence of such
      a group may not be required for the antagonistic activity of a compound that can
      physically block hormone binding to the receptor. Thus, many small molecules that
      were hitherto considered to be biologically inert may interact with steroid
      receptors specifically and affect hormonal activities in vivo.

PMID- 3695476
TI  - Nuclear acceptor sites for sex steroid hormone receptors in chromatin.
AB  - The steroid receptor interactions in vitro with specific acceptor sites composed
      of acceptor protein-DNA complexes fulfill many of the criteria of a
      physiologically significant binding system. Chromatin acceptor sites for many
      steroid receptors (especially for the progesterone and estrogen receptor) are
      specific since they are saturable and competitive with unlabelled receptors, have
      high affinity for the receptor, distinguish between functional and nonfunctional
      receptors and demonstrate target tissue specificity. Pure DNA as acceptor sites
      does not display many of these properties. Therefore, it is clear that certain
      chromatin proteins provide the necessary specificity for the acceptor sites for
      the steroid receptors. For the progesterone receptor in the chick oviduct, these
      nuclear sites appear to contain specific chromosomal proteins as well as specific
      DNA sequences. The substitution of other chromosomal proteins or the genomic DNAs
      from evolutionarily distant organisms results in a loss of the specific nuclear
      binding. The nuclear acceptor sites appear to be resistant to the DNase activity
      which is not characteristic of transcriptionally active domains of the genome.
      Further studies using the ovalbumin gene sequences from genomic clones also
      indicate that none of the sequences within this domain and the 3-k flanking
      regions appear to contain the specific acceptor sequences. These observations
      have led to development of a model suggesting that the steroid receptors bind to
      acceptor sites distant from the structural genes the steroids ultimately
      regulate. Neighboring these acceptor sites are regulatory genes which code for
      regulatory substances which in turn (as secondary messengers) regulate at great
      distances the expression of the structural gene. This model might better fit the
      sex steroids which require 1-2 h to measurably alter gene transcription, as
      opposed to the glucocorticoids which more rapidly alter gene expression.

PMID- 3695477
TI  - Approach to the molecular mechanisms of the modulation of growth hormone gene
      expression by glucocorticoid and thyroid hormones.
AB  - Glucocorticoid and thyroid hormones modulate the expression of the growth hormone
      gene. To investigate this control mechanism, we have determined whether this gene
      contains sites that bind the human glucocorticoid and thyroid hormone receptors
      in vitro. To do so, we have designed a novel assay for studying binding of the
      purified glucocorticoid receptor to cloned fragments of the human growth hormone
      (hGH) gene, and have adapted a DNA-competition assay for the thyroid receptor in
      nuclear cell extracts. Two glucocorticoid receptor binding regions were found in
      the hGH gene, one of high affinity in a fragment of the gene containing the first
      intron, and one of low affinity located within a 290 bp-fragment of 5'-flanking
      DNA. In contrast, the thyroid receptor bound with high affinity to the 5'
      flanking fragment. Homologous binding regions for the two types of receptor were
      found in the human placental lactogen (chronic somatomammotropin) gene. DNA
      binding of the two receptor types appeared to depend on the presence of the
      hormone, yet antagonist-bound glucocorticoid receptor was still capable of
      interacting specifically with DNA. There was no evidence for synergism or
      antagonism of the two receptor types in binding to their respective sites on the
      hGH gene. The data also make it unlikely that the thyroid receptor negatively
      controls gene transcription and that the stimulatory effect of thyroid hormone
      results from a derepression mechanism.

PMID- 3695478
TI  - Pathophysiology of estrogen receptors in mammary tissue by monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Identification of preneoplastic lesions of the breast has mainly rested on
      morphological grounds, supported by epidemiological data. These studies assign a
      definite precancerous potential to a group of atypical hyperplastic lesions and
      in situ carcinoma. In spite of much effort no criteria are yet available to
      understand which, among these lesions, is committed to infiltrative growth, in
      other words, to understand the risk to a single patient. Estrogens are know to
      play a critical role in the etiology of breast cancer. The hypothesis is
      investigated that this role is dependent on a modified expression of their
      receptor. To approach this question estrogen receptor expression was traced by
      specific monoclonal anti-receptor antibodies and immunocytochemistry, on a
      spectrum of breast tissue changes, from normal tissue to infiltrating cancer.
      Estrogen receptor expression is heterogeneous in normal tissue and in
      infiltrating cancer, and on the contrary is homogeneous in proliferative atypical
      lesions and in in situ carcinomas. Present results show that receptor expression
      is enhanced and becomes homogeneous, maybe constitutive, in atypical hyperplasia
      and in in situ carcinoma and that this phenomenon could subserve important
      changes of proliferative capacity which are necessary and possibly sufficient for
      autonomous growth.

PMID- 3695479
TI  - From the structure of steroid receptors to their assessment by
      immunocytochemistry in target cells.
AB  - Immunohistochemical studies with antibodies to steroid hormone receptors provide
      new insight in the mechanism of action of steroid hormones. Immunologically
      reactive estrogen and progesterone receptors are found exclusively in cell nuclei
      of target cells even in the absence of the hormonal ligand. A hormonal treatment
      inducing receptor transformation and "translocation" to the nucleus does not
      modify the intracellular distribution of the receptor. This result is in
      contradiction with most biochemical studies which show a displacement of receptor
      from the cytosolic fraction to the nuclear fraction after hormone-receptor
      complex formation. We propose that different affinity levels of the non
      transformed and hormone-complexed receptor molecules for nuclear structure
      produce unequal losses of nuclear receptor during homogenization. A lesser loss
      appears as an increase in nuclear binding sites or immunologically reactive
      receptor. The glucocorticosteroid receptor differs from the others in that it
      shows an increase of nuclear immunoreactive receptor after hormone
      administration. This result was accepted as evidence for a nuclear translocation
      in the sense initially proposed for all steroid hormones. Alternatively, one may
      propose another explanation based on the same experimental artefact as invoked
      for the estrogen and progesterone cytosol receptors. A higher affinity of the
      hormone-complexed receptor entails a lesser loss from the nucleus during tissue
      processing, and consequently an apparent increase in nuclear staining. Such a
      possibility is currently tested in parallel with the progesterone receptor.

PMID- 3695480
TI  - Are estrogen receptors cytoplasmic or nuclear? Some immunocytochemical and
      biochemical studies.
AB  - The subcellular localization of estradiol receptor (ER) has been examined using
      various experimental approaches. Immunocytochemical studies using the monoclonal
      antibody JS 34/32, raised against calf uterine cytosolic ER, yielded only
      equivocal results. In general, cells and tissues pretreated with estradiol showed
      positive immunostaining in the nuclei whereas those not exposed to the steroid
      did not show any staining. Nuclear translocation of ER was examined in intact MCF
      7 cells using compounds which are known to influence receptor activation. When
      MCF-7 cells were exposed to molybdate (20 mM), nuclear translocation was
      completely inhibited while dithiothreitol (20 mM), dibutyryl cAMP (1 microM) and
      dibutyryl cGMP (1 microM) increased the translocation 2-3-fold. Phenol red, at
      the range of concentrations generally used in tissue culture media, also
      increased translocation. The physiological validity of such translocation was
      examined using cellular progesterone receptor (PR) synthesis as a specific
      parameter. When MCF-7 cells were grown in media containing phenol red for 48 h,
      the PR synthesis increased significantly. We further examined whether
      cytoskeletal proteins are involved in the translocation of ER. Colchicine, an
      inhibitor of microtubule assembly, inhibited translocation of ER in MCF-7 cells
      at 1-10 microM. PR synthesis was also inhibited by colchicine in a dose-dependent
      manner. It may be concluded from these and other published data that ER may not
      be located at all times in a single subcellular compartment but may rather exist
      in a dynamic equilibrium between the plasma membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus.

PMID- 3695481
TI  - Unique patterns of androgen regulation of the expression of two genes in murine
      kidney.
AB  - The kidneys of androgen stimulated mice exhibit a hypertrophic response but no
      hyperplasia or concomitant DNA replication. Androgens increase the expression of
      several genes in mouse kidney. The response of the beta-glucuronidase gene to
      testosterone in this tissue is characterized by a 1-2 day lag and relatively slow
      induction kinetics. The gene coding for kidney androgen-regulated protein (KAP)
      exhibits quite a different response to the hormone when compared on the basis of
      initial response to a given dose, dose required to produce maximal response, and
      apparent sensitivity to low levels of androgen-receptor complexes in renal
      nuclei. The analysis of the accumulation of the mRNAs produced by these two genes
      suggests that gene-specific differential sensitivity to androgen receptor
      complexes governs the development of the cellular male phenotype in this tissue.

PMID- 3695482
TI  - Chick oviduct progesterone receptor phosphorylation: characterization of a
      copurified kinase and phosphorylation in primary cultures.
AB  - A protein kinase activity was copurified with the chick oviduct progesterone
      receptor. The enzyme is magnesium dependent and can use the B subunit of
      progesterone receptor or histones as substrates. The physiochemical parameters of
      the kinase were determined [pI approximately 5.3; Stokes radius approximately 7.2
      nm; sedimentation coefficient (S 20,w) approximately 5.6] and compared to those
      of the purified B subunit. The results were consistent with the presence of an
      unique enzyme distinct from the receptor itself. The physiological significance
      of receptor phosphorylation was investigated in oviduct cells grown in primary
      culture. Cells were labeled with [32P]orthophosphate in presence or absence of
      progesterone and the receptor components were immunoprecipitated with a specific
      polyclonal antibody. Although progesterone treatment lead to the attachment of
      most of the receptor (approximately 80%) to nuclear structures, the 32P-labeled B
      subunit was only recovered in the cytosol fraction. Different procedures to
      extract the nuclear receptor did not allow detection of any 32P-labeled form in
      the nuclear-soluble fractions, suggesting that the B subunit was not further
      phosphorylated upon the exposure of cells to progesterone.

PMID- 3695483
TI  - Phosphorylation of the chicken progesterone receptor.
AB  - We have examined the phosphorylation of the chicken progesterone receptor in
      tissue slices and in vitro. The receptor is phosphorylated in tissue slices and
      this phosphorylation is stimulated by progesterone. As others have reported,
      partially purified receptor preparations contain a kinase activity which
      phosphorylates histones and receptor. We have shown that this activity can be
      separated from the receptor. The receptor is a substrate for several kinases,
      including the catalytic subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase and PPdPK, a
      polypeptide-dependent protein kinase. Phosphorylation by the cAMP-dependent
      protein kinase results in an apparent increase in the molecular weight of the
      receptor when the receptor is analyzed by SDS-PAGE. These results are consistent
      with apparent changes in molecular weight observed for rabbit and human
      progesterone receptor upon treatment of tissue or cells with hormone.

PMID- 3695484
TI  - Towards the mapping of the progesterone and androgen receptors.
AB  - At a time when the secondary structures of receptor proteins are being predicted
      from sequence data by modeling techniques, knowledge of the ligand
      characteristics compatible with high-affinity binding to the receptor and with
      efficient receptor function is indispensable. We have already compared
      progesterone receptor (PR) ligands in attempts to map the PR hormone-binding
      site. In the present study, the relative binding affinities (RBAs) of 33 steroid
      ligands for the cytosol androgen receptor (AR) of rat prostate, measured in a
      routine screening system, have been compared. Special emphasis has been given to
      the effects of modifications (unsaturation, methylation, substitution by
      halogens) that might influence AR recognition by the ring A carbonyl and also to
      the consequences of these changes on binding specificity. Nonsteroid
      antiandrogens are reputed to compete with labelled testosterone (or
      methyltrienolone) binding to AR. Their RBAs, however, are very low compared to
      those of steroid antiandrogens. It is feasible that such molecules might occupy
      and interact with the AR site that binds hormone. The solvent accessible surface
      of one Anandron conformer is highly similar to that of testosterone and this
      conformer can be adequately superimposed upon the structure of testosterone and
      of antiandrogenic Des-A steroid derivatives. The nitro group might assume the
      role of the ring A carbonyl of steroids; reduction of this group to an amine or a
      hydroxylamine completely suppresses binding. These observations, however, do not
      eliminate the hypothesis of interference with AR function, and consequent
      antiandrogenic activity, by interaction with other (adjacent) sites on AR.

PMID- 3695485
TI  - Estrogen receptor stereochemistry: receptor binding and hormonal responses.
AB  - Estrogen stimulation of the uterus elicits a spectrum of biochemical responses
      which are customarily linked together. DES and certain structural analogs,
      indenestrol A (IA), indenestrol B (IB), indanestrol (I), and pseudo DES (PD),
      were used as probes to segregate various genomic responses previously considered
      interrelated, most notably the events of specific protein synthesis, DNA
      synthesis, and mitosis. These compounds have poor uterotrophic activity; except
      for I, they interact specifically with mouse uterine estrogen receptors (ER) with
      high affinity. All translocate stoichiometrically similar amounts of ER complex
      to the nucleus. IA and IB possess a single chiral carbon atom and exist as a
      mixture of enantiomers (ENT). We investigated whether the poor biological
      activity of IA could be explained by differential activity of the enantiomers.
      The IA ENT were separated to greater than 98% purity using a chirally active HPLC
      column. Competitive binding assays to cytosolic ER demonstrated a stereochemical
      chiral preference. This preference was also evident from nuclear ER translocation
      experiments. IB was as active as DES to induce mouse uterine glucose 6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase (G-6-PD), while the other compounds had weak activity. Induction of
      cytosolic progesterone receptor (PR) was stimulated by all the DES compounds.
      Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) was stimulated 600% by DES and 180% by IB; the
      other compounds had no significant activity. Uterine DNA synthesis was increased
      by DES and IB. Thymidine autoradiography indicated nuclear labeling was occurring
      primarily in luminal epithelium. Treatment with PD increased uterine cell height
      but not cell numbers, suggesting the two responses are not necessarily
      interdependent as previously thought and may require two separate receptor
      interactions. Such a probe should be useful in studying the individual events
      involved in estrogen-induced uterine growth. These data also indicate that
      induction of ER, PR and G-6-PD are not coupled. Therefore, stimulation of a
      certain uterine response may depend on the structure of the particular ligand
      receptor complex formed, and its interaction may be regulated by specificity at
      the genomic acceptor site.

PMID- 3695486
TI  - Changes in serum sex hormone-binding globulin and in serum non-sex hormone
      binding globulin-bound testosterone during prepuberty in boys.
AB  - Much evidence suggests that sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) influences the
      delivery of sex steroids to cells, probably by playing an important role in the
      distribution of serum sex hormones between SHBG-bound, albumin (HSA)-bound and
      free fractions. Recent evidence also suggests that HSA-bound testosterone (T),
      the major constituent of non-sex hormone-binding globulin-bound T, is
      biologically important. To examine the potential exposure of peripheral tissues
      to T during prepubertal years, the serum concentration of SHBG as well as the
      distribution of serum T in SHBG-bound, HSA-bound, free and non-SHBG-bound
      fractions was studied in 80 normal boys aged 0.5-14 yr, all at Tanner's stage G1
      of sexual development. A gradual decrease in serum SHBG as a function of age was
      found without significant changes in the Ka of SHBG-dihydrotestosterone
      association. While regression analysis of serum total T vs age showed a 2.6-fold
      increase from 0.5 to 14 yr of age, those of non-SHBG-found, HSA-bound and free T
      vs age showed 8- to 9-fold increases during the same period. On the other hand,
      SHBG-bound T had only a 1.9-fold increase. Expressed as a function of serum total
      T, non-SHBG-bound T increased from 6.6 to 30.4%, the relative increment being
      greater for HSA-bound T than for free T. It is concluded that, with advancing
      age, there is a progressive increase in the T exposure of all tissues in normal
      prepubertal boys. It is speculated that, at the level of the central nervous
      system, this increase in serum bioavailable T could induce maturative changes in
      brain cells that result in the onset of puberty in normal boys.

PMID- 3695487
TI  - Luteal phase insufficiency: clinical aspects.
AB  - The author analyzes different controversial clinical aspects of luteal phase
      insufficiency (LPI) on the basis of his own data. Conceptual and diagnostic
      concerns include: (1) the lack of predictive value of midluteal plasma
      progesterone determination regarding the progestational transformation of the
      endometrium, and (2) the need for a minimum of two, and even three, endometrial
      biopsies for diagnosis of LPI. From an etiologic point of view, follicular phase
      determinants of LPI are emphasized. Primary therapeutic approaches of LPI and the
      effectiveness and significance of such therapy on fertility are discussed.

PMID- 3695488
TI  - Measurement of glucuronometabolites of 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone in
      diluted overnight urine. An approach to the study of luteal insufficiency.
AB  - The determination of the concentrations of estrone-3-glucuronide, pregnanediol-3
      glucuronide and luteinizing hormone has been performed in early morning urine
      samples of 14 normal menstruating women using a timed and measured volume urine
      collection procedure. In order to investigate the variability of the urinary
      hormonal concentrations due to day-to-day differences in diuresis, the absolute
      hormonal concentrations have been corrected either for the urinary creatinine
      excretion or for the volume of urine voided during the night. The results
      demonstrate that both correction factors are able to reduce substantially the
      coefficient of variation values in comparison to the absolute hormonal
      concentrations. The urinary test of ovarian function has been performed in 11
      infertile women affected by luteal insufficiency using the same procedure, and
      the hormonal profiles showed some alterations in both estrone-3-glucuronide and
      pregnanediol-3-glucuronide concentrations in comparison to the hormonal profiles
      of the normal subjects. Such alterations were significant in the single subject
      when integrated values of the hormonal data in defined time intervals were
      investigated.

PMID- 3695489
TI  - Biological and biochemical characterization of estrogen-dependent mouse Leydig
      cell tumors.
AB  - Leydig cell tumors formed in BALB/c mice were found to be able to be transplanted
      subcutaneously in the same strain. One of the sublines, called T 22137, showed
      growth inhibition in response to estrogenization of host mice. The other subline
      (T 124958-O), which was originally classified as an estrogen-independent line,
      was observed to contain the low-affinity estradiol binding component in the
      cytosol fraction. At a later stage of transplantation, however, the growth of
      this subline was modestly but significantly enhanced by estrogenic stimuli. This
      alteration was accompanied by appearance of an estrogen receptor-like molecule
      which was associated with chromatin even in the absence of estrogen stimuli. In
      the presence of estrogen selection pressure, a new tumor line, designated as T
      124958-R, was established, which showed marked estrogen-dependent growth. T
      124958-R was found to contain the cytosolic estrogen receptor. The additional
      difference was that the annulate lamellae were identified only in T 124958-R, but
      not in T 124958, by electron microscopic studies. The estrogen dependency of T
      124958-R was further substantiated by demonstration of an estrogen secretory
      protein as well as the estrogen-enhanced formation of 5 alpha-steroids. T 22137
      showed growth inhibition in tamoxifen-treated mice. The growth of T 124958-R was
      enhanced by the administration of tamoxifen to mice. This tamoxifen-induced tumor
      growth was further stimulated by the simultaneous administration of estrogen.
      These observations would suggest that mouse Leydig cell tumor systems provide us
      with a valuable model to investigate the influence of estrogen as well as
      antiestrogen on malignant cells.

PMID- 3695490
TI  - Time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay of steroid hormones.
AB  - The use of europium chelates as labels in immunoassays and their sensitive
      quantitation based on time-resolved fluorescence is reviewed. The technique is
      applied on competitive solid-phase immunoassays for direct determination of
      progesterone and estradiol in serum samples. Both antigen- and antibody-labelled
      competitive assays are described. The nonisotopic label technology, which
      provides a very high specific activity, as well as the antibody-labelled
      competitive assays, present several advantages in the assay of haptens as e.g.
      steroids. As the optimal sensitivity of competitive methods is not limited by the
      specific activity of the label the steroid assays which employ europium chelates
      as labels do not show any marked increase in sensitivity as compared to that
      achieved by using 125I. The potential sensitivity provided by the high specific
      activity of the label is optimally utilized in noncompetitive immunometric
      assays.

PMID- 3695492
TI  - Endogenous estrogens and breast cancer a possible relationship between body fat
      distribution and estrogen availability.
AB  - The growth of hormone-dependent human breast cancer is related to the activity of
      endogenous estrogens. The evidence for an etiological role of endogenous
      estrogens is still circumstantial. Life style and in particular dietary factors
      are held responsible for large geographic differences and time-trends in breast
      cancer incidence. The measurement of urinary estrogen metabolites and plasma
      estrogens has given no satisfactory explanation for the latter. The newly
      developed interest in the bioavailability of plasma sex steroids may offer a
      better understanding of the biology and epidemiology of breast cancer. Based on
      our observations on the relationship between plasma free fatty acids and estrogen
      protein-binding and recently gained insight in the metabolic consequences of
      different types of body fat distribution we postulate that Western life style may
      act on breast cancer incidence through an influence on body fat distribution and
      resulting changes in sex steroid availability.

PMID- 3695491
TI  - Characterization and biological relevance of a 29-kDa, oestrogen receptor-related
      protein.
AB  - The properties of a monoclonal antibody (D5) that can immunoprecipitate human
      oestradiol receptor (ER) under some but not all conditions are described. The
      antibody recognises a 29-kDa serine phosphoprotein that is qualitatively and
      quantitatively related to ER but not other steroid receptors or binding proteins.
      p29 will not complex with untreated cytosol ER but, after ammonium sulphate, KCl,
      heat or phosphatase treatments, interaction occurs that can be detected by
      immunoprecipitation with D5; molybdate and GTP inhibit complex formation. In
      human endometrium, p29 is increased by oestrogen and decreased by progestins.
      IRMA and histochemical assays for p29 have been developed and applied to a large
      series of human breast tumours. Most, but not all ER+ tumours are p29+, whilst ER
      tumours are rarely p29+ unless they are also PR+. p29 predicts for clinical
      response to hormone therapy. ER+ p29+ tumours have a higher response rate than
      the ER+ p29-tumours. We do not know if p29 is a previously undetected component
      of the oestradiol receptor machinery or whether it is a product of oestrogen
      action.

PMID- 3695493
TI  - DNA and protein components of nuclear acceptor sites for androgen receptors in
      the rat prostate.
AB  - Androgen receptor-acceptor complexes in nuclei from rat ventral prostates were
      cross-linked in situ with formaldehyde and partially purified using affinity
      chromatography. To isolate acceptor DNA, the cross-linked receptor-acceptor
      complexes in formaldehyde-treated chromatin samples were adsorbed to
      dihydrotestosterone-17 beta-succinyl agarose, eluted with 75 microM
      dihydrotestosterone-1% SDS, digested with proteinase K and extracted with phenol
      chloroform. After 32P end-labelling and PAGE, this DNA contained two distinct
      bands of DNA (about 300 and 400 base pairs respectively) which were unique
      relative to the total prostatic DNA. As an alternative approach for
      characterizing acceptor DNA, the DNA in prostatic nuclei and cross-linked
      chromatin was labelled with 32P by nick translation and analysed in glycerol
      density gradients for associations with cross-linked androgen receptors. A
      symmetrical 7s peak of 32P-DNA with a small amount of coincident receptor was
      observed in the gradients after mild trypsin treatment. In the absence of trypsin
      treatment, both the cross-linked receptors and the labelled DNA sedimented to the
      bottom of the gradients. Isolation of acceptor proteins involved iodination of
      cross-linked chromatin with 125I and androgen affinity chromatography. A
      comparison of the relative efficiency of retention and elution of 125I-proteins
      from different affinity columns revealed that testosterone-17 beta-succinyl
      agarose was potentially most suitable for purification of acceptor proteins.
      After electrophoresis on SDS-polyacrylamide gels, the eluates from this type of
      affinity matrix were found to contain two major peaks of 125I-labelled proteins-
      one corresponding to a protein with a similar molecular weight as the nuclear
      androgen receptor (33,000 Da); the other having a molecular weight of 20,000 Da.
      While the precise identity of this latter entity is unknown, its enrichment and
      retention by the affinity gel implies that it is closely associated with the
      androgen receptor and may be a component of the acceptor sites.

PMID- 3695495
TI  - Circadian and seasonal control of neuroendocrine-gonadal activity.
AB  - A circadian clock(s) located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the
      hypothalamus plays an important role in regulating the timing of pituitary
      gonadotropin release in many mammalian species. The results from studies
      involving two unusual experimental paradigms are presented to demonstrate a role
      for this circadian clock in the regulation of the timing of the preovulatory LH
      surge in the golden hamster as well as in the measurement of the seasonal change
      in day length in the Djungarian hamster; information which is used in the
      regulation of neuroendocrine-gonadal activity on a seasonal basis. The data also
      demonstrate that the circadian rhythm of locomotor activity can be used as a
      "marker" rhythm for the clock involved in both ovulatory and seasonal cycles in
      hamsters.

PMID- 3695494
TI  - Androgen depletion and repletion as a means of potentiating the effect of
      cytotoxic chemotherapy in advanced prostate cancer.
AB  - Seventy-five patients with stage D-2 prostate cancer refractory to orchiectomy
      have been entered in a controlled trial to test whether androgen priming enhances
      the efficacy of chemotherapy. All patients are treated with aminoglutethimide and
      hydrocortisone as a means of achieving medical adrenalectomy and are given cyclic
      i.v. chemotherapy with cytoxan, adriamycin and 5-fluorouracil. Patients in the
      stimulation arm (N = 39) receive, in addition, fluoxymesterone (5 mg p.o. b.i.d.)
      for 3 days before and on the day of chemotherapy. A similar response rate was
      observed in the stimulation and control arm (83% vs 74% respectively) when the
      analysis was restricted to evaluable patients. When all patients were included, a
      significantly higher response rate was observed in the control arm (64% vs 49%, P
      less than 0.05) as a result of the larger fraction of unevaluable patients in the
      stimulation arm (41% vs 14%). Median duration of response is 9 months in the
      stimulation and 10 months in the control arm. Median overall survival in the
      stimulation and control group is 12 months and 16 months respectively.
      Significant toxicity consisting of exacerbation of bone pain and, in two
      patients, development of reversible spinal cord compression was observed
      following androgen priming. Our results suggest that combined medical
      adrenalectomy and chemotherapy are highly effective in the treatment of advanced
      prostate cancer. Thus far, no additional benefit has been observed with androgen
      priming.

PMID- 3695496
TI  - Functions and dysfunctions of receptors for adrenal corticoids in the central
      nervous system.
AB  - Glucocorticoids (GC) have several known effects on the function of the nervous
      system, and GC receptors have been identified in regions responding to hormonal
      action. In the spinal cord, GC receptors have been characterized in vitro, which
      share several biochemical properties in common with receptors in better studied
      areas such as the hippocampus. Moreover, enzymes which are induced by GC in the
      hippocampus, such as glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase and ornithine decarboxylase,
      are also under specific GC control in the spinal cord. Yet GC receptors in the
      latter tissue divert from those in hippocampus during some in vivo as well as in
      vitro studies. In vivo, uptake of [3H]corticosterone by purified cell nuclei was
      5-8-fold higher in the hippocampus as compared to the cord. In vitro, a higher
      percentage of GC receptors previously transformed by heating, showed affinity
      towards DNA-cellulose in the spinal cord than in the hippocampus. The enzyme
      RNAse A effectively increased receptor binding to DNA-cellulose in hippocampus,
      whereas the cord was insensitive to its action. These results suggest that there
      is a "receptor dysfunction" in the spinal cord, the significance of which is
      poorly understood in terms of the accepted model of steroid hormone action.

PMID- 3695497
TI  - Thermospray HPLC/MS: a new mass spectrometric technique for the profiling of
      steroids.
AB  - The analysis of various steroid classes by thermospray HPLC-MS using solvent
      systems containing 0.1 M ammonium acetate has been described. For simple
      unconjugated 3-oxo-4-ene steroids the positive ion spectra are dominated by a
      parent ion M + H+ and with increasing numbers of hydroxyl group intense ions
      formed by sequential losses of water (M + H- n18)+ become important. Steroids
      with dihydroxyacetone side-chains readily lose these side-chains and the
      resulting (M + H-60)+ fragment is the base peak in their spectra. The (M + H-60)+
      ion is not important for most steroids with glycerol-type side-chains. Although
      competition between thermal degradation and vaporization was observed at lower
      concentrations, the effect was minimized after optimizing conditions and the
      protonated molecular ion was easily detected when as little as 1-10 pmol of
      material were injected on-column. Steroid glucuronides when analyzed in the
      negative ion mode give simple spectra with base peak and parent ion (M-H)-. Lack
      of fragmentation permits facile and sensitive measurement of individual
      glucoronides by selected-ion-monitoring. Extensive fragmentation is seen in the
      positive ion mode with sequential losses of H2O from the molecular ions (M +
      NH4)+ and from the aglycone fragment ion. For simple unconjugated steroids the
      sensitivity of HPLC-MS in selected-ion-monitoring mode can be excellent. When the
      protonated molecular ion of testosterone was monitored the signal/noise ratio for
      30 pg testosterone was about 10.

PMID- 3695498
TI  - Recent advances in chemiluminescence-based immunoassays for steroid hormones.
AB  - Several formats of solid-phase separation techniques for the measurement of
      steroids and urinary steroid conjugates using chemiluminescence as an end point
      are described. These formats include: (1) immunoadsorption of second antibodies
      directed against the first antibody on solid support; (2) specific
      immunoadsorbents consisting of primary antibodies covalently coupled to polymer
      beads; (3) second antibody coupled to a polymer containing magnetic particles. In
      these assays a steroid-chemiluminescent marker conjugate serves as the labelled
      ligand, and highly specific homologous monoclonal antibodies are used to provide
      optimal specificity and rigorous standardization. These techniques enabled the
      direct measurement of steroid glucuronides in diluted urine and of steroids in
      plasma.

PMID- 3695499
TI  - Biases in the assays of steroids and their binding proteins.
AB  - Many immunoassays exhibit a bias. In such assays, the results are inaccurate,
      i.e. they deviate from the true value. The biases are mostly due to interfering
      compounds originating from the biological material assayed and/or from reagents.
      Sometimes systematic errors in calculation are also involved. The magnitude of
      the bias should be determined for every assay method, in order to make possible
      an assessment of reliability of the method. Biases frequently occur also in the
      measurements of steroid binding proteins, such as receptors, sex hormone binding
      globulin, corticosteroid binding globulin, etc. These biases are mostly due to
      the assumption that the measurements are performed under saturation conditions.
      These biases can be avoided by conducting the measurements at several
      concentrations of the ligand and by an appropriate correction for non-specific
      (low affinity) binding. In the assays of "free" steroids, biases are frequently
      encountered because of the disturbance of equilibrium in the course of the
      measurement proper. These biases can be minimized by a careful choice of
      experimental conditions.

PMID- 3695500
TI  - Structure and function of the glucocorticoid receptor.
AB  - The glucocorticoid receptor protein is a transcriptional regulatory protein that
      interacts with specific enhancer sequences. A stoichiometric analysis of the
      interaction indicates an equimolar relationship between the receptor protein and
      the specific enhancer sequences. The activity of the receptor protein is itself
      regulated by the binding of glucocorticoids. The two functional domains (DNA
      binding and steroid-binding) are adjacent and lie within the C-terminal half of
      the receptor protein. The N-terminal half of the protein appears to modulate the
      interaction with DNA but does not have any role in the binding of the steroid.
      The functional domains have also been defined at the sequence level.

PMID- 3695501
TI  - Norethisterone contraceptive microspheres.
AB  - Two formulations of polylactic and polyglycolic acid microcapsules containing 75
      and 100 mg of NET respectively were studied for a 90-day period of anticipated
      contraceptive effect in two groups of five women. A 200 mg dose of NET
      preparation was also studied for a 180-day period of anticipated contraceptive
      effect in 19 women. Alteration in menstrual cycle, with tendency to short
      bleeding episodes, spotting days, and amenorrhea were the most important
      collateral effects. In the majority of cases, ovulation was inhibited. No cases
      of pregnancy were presented. The obtained NET circulating levels were very stable
      during the period of anticipated contraceptive effect.

PMID- 3695502
TI  - Mineralocorticosteroids and pregnancy: regulation of extra-adrenal
      deoxycorticosterone production by estrogen.
AB  - During pregnancy, deoxycorticosterone (DOC) in maternal plasma is produced
      principally by 21-hydroxylation of circulating progesterone in a number of extra
      adrenal tissues. Estrogen acts, directly or indirectly, to increase the transfer
      constant of conversion of progesterone to DOC. In this study, we evaluated the
      regulation of DOC production during pregnancy by considering the plasma levels of
      progesterone, the kinetics of extra-adrenal steroid 21-hydroxylase, and the
      stimulation of the conversion of progesterone to DOC by estrogen.

PMID- 3695503
TI  - Endometrial phospholipase A2 enzymes and their regulation by steroid hormones.
AB  - The presence of two phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes, designated PLA2(i) and
      PLA2(ii), has been demonstrated in human endometrium. These enzymes differ with
      respect to pH and calcium requirements, location within the tissue and regulation
      by steroid hormones. Phospholipase A2(i) is calcium dependent, optimally active
      at pH 7.5-9.0 and present mainly in the glandular component of the endometrium.
      Changes in activity occur during the menstrual cycle which are indicative of
      regulation by ovarian steroids. Conversely, PLA2(ii) is calcium independent,
      optimally active at pH 7.0 and located predominantly in the stromal layer. Wide
      variation in PLA2(ii) activity was found between individual subjects and there
      was no relationship with the stage of the menstrual cycle. Activity was, however,
      much higher in pathological endometrium and in endometrium from subjects with
      severe dysmenorrhoea. Triton X-100 activated PLA2(i) but not PLA2(ii). In
      cultured explants of endometrium, both enzymes were inhibited by progesterone
      whereas oestradiol and dexamethasone had no effect. However, progesterone priming
      followed by treatment with oestradiol caused a 2-fold stimulation of PLA2(i) but
      not PLA2(ii). Phospholipase A2 is favoured as the rate-limiting step in the
      generation of arachidonic acid for prostaglandin synthesis. However, our studies
      so far do not support a direct relationship between PLA2 and endometrial
      concentrations of prostaglandins, which implies that other important regulatory
      steps are involved. Other enzymes which are potentially capable of mobilizing
      arachidonic acid should also be investigated.

PMID- 3695504
TI  - Sexual differentiation of gonadotrophin secretion, sexual orientation and gender
      role behavior.
AB  - The positive estrogen feedback was found to be a relatively sex-specific reaction
      of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system in rats as well as in human beings. It is
      dependent--most of all--on the estrogen convertible androgen level during sexual
      brain differentiation, but also on an estrogen priming effect in adulthood. The
      lower the estrogen convertible androgen or primary estrogen level during brain
      differentiation, the higher is the evocability of a positive estrogen action on
      LH secretion in later life. In clinical studies, we were able to induce a
      positive estrogen feedback on LH secretion in most intact homosexual men in clear
      cut contrast to intact hetero- or bisexual men. These findings were strongly
      confirmed by Gladue and associates. In addition, the evocability of a positive
      estrogen feedback was also demonstrable in most homosexual male-to-female
      transsexuals in significant contrast to hetero- or bisexual male-to-female
      transsexuals. These findings suggest that homosexual males possess, at least in
      part, a predominantly female-differentiated brain, which may be caused by a low
      estrogen convertible androgen level during brain organization. Recently, the
      following relations were found between sex hormone levels during brain
      differentiation and sex-specific responses in adulthood: (1) estrogens--which are
      mostly converted, however, from androgens--are responsible for the sex-specific
      organization of gonadotrophin secretion and hence the evocability of a positive
      estrogen feedback in later life; (2) estrogens and androgens, occurring during
      brain differentiation, predetermine synergistically sexual orientation and (3)
      androgens--without conversion to estrogens--are responsible for the sex-specific
      organization of gender role behaviour in later life. Furthermore, the
      organization periods for sex-specific gonadotrophin secretion, sexual orientation
      and gender role behaviour are not identical but overlapping. Thus, combinations
      as well as dissociations between deviations of the neuroendocrine organization of
      sex-specific gonadotrophin secretion, sexual orientation and gender role
      behaviour are conceivable. Most recently, female-type sexual orientation could be
      converted to male-type sexual orientation in adult rats by administration of the
      dopamine agonist and serotonin antagonist lisuride.

PMID- 3695505
TI  - Indirect influence of s-triazines on rat gonadotropic mechanism at early
      postnatal period.
AB  - Daily s.c. injections of atrazine and deethylatrazine to rat mothers during
      pregnancy only or during pregnancy and lactation influenced the pituitary-gonadal
      axis of male and female offsprings. In female and male offspring, slow maturation
      of gonadotropic system is evident and as a consequence modified male and female
      pituitary 5 alpha-R activity is present. The number of specific steroid-hormone
      receptor sites at the offsprings' gonads is unchanged if the mothers were treated
      only during pregnancy, but 5 alpha-DHT prostate receptors are strongly inhibited
      in offspring of mothers treated with atrazine and deethylatrazine during
      pregnancy and lactation.

PMID- 3695506
TI  - Hormonal steroids. Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress on Hormonal
      Steroids. Madrid, Spain, September 1986.

PMID- 3695507
TI  - Structure-activity relationships of a series of novel topical corticosteroids.
AB  - The effect of various heteroaroyl groups in the 17-position of topical
      corticosteroids has been studied. The corticosteroids esterified at C17 were of 9
      alpha,11 beta-dichloro, 9 alpha-chloro 11 beta-hydroxy and 9 alpha-fluoro 11 beta
      hydroxy series. Among the 17-acyl groups 2'-furoates were most extensively
      investigated, although 2'-thenoates, 3'-thenoates and 3'-furoates were also
      examined. Many of these esters exhibited enhanced topical anti-inflammatory
      potencies. The most potent compounds investigated were the 21-chloro 17(2'
      furoates) either in the 9 alpha,11 beta-dichloro, or in the 9 alpha-chloro 11
      beta-hydroxy series. These compounds were at least 6 times as potent as
      betamethasone 17-valerate. Among 16-substituents studied 16 alpha-methyl
      compounds had the highest potency. Topical anti-inflammatory potencies were
      determined by using a 5-day modification of the croton oil ear assay in mice. The
      more potent compounds were also evaluated in the P. ovale induced chronic
      psoriaform lesion in the guinea-pig.

PMID- 3695508
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of RU 486.
AB  - The effects of dose on the initial pharmacokinetics and metabolism of an
      antiprogesterone steroid RU 486 (mifepristone) were studied in healthy female
      volunteers after administration of RU 486 as a single dose of 50-800 mg. The
      concentrations of RU 486 and its monodemethylated, dimethylated and hydroxylated
      non-demethylated metabolites were measured specifically after Chromosorb-column
      chromatography by HPLC. Their relative binding affinities to the human uterine
      progesterone receptor were also determined. Micromolar concentrations of the
      parent compound in blood were reached within the first hour after oral
      administration. The pharmacokinetics of RU 486 followed two distinct patterns in
      a dose-dependent fashion. With a low dose of 50 mg the pharmacokinetics followed
      an open two-compartment model with a half-life of over 27 h. With the doses of
      100-800 mg the initial redistribution phase of 6-10 h was followed by zero-order
      kinetics up to 24 h or more. Importantly, after ingestion of doses higher than
      100 mg of RU 486 there were no significant differences in plasma concentrations
      of RU 486 within the first 48 h, with the exception of plasma RU 486
      concentrations at 2 h. After single oral administration of 200 mg unchanged RU
      486 was found 10 days later in two subjects. The elimination phase half-life with
      this dose, calculated between day 5 and 6, was 24 h. Micromolar concentrations of
      monodemethylated, didemethylated and non-demethylated hydroxylated metabolites
      were measured within 1 h after oral administration of RU 486. In contrast to
      plasma RU 486 concentrations, circulating plasma concentrations of metabolites
      increased in a dose-dependent fashion. With higher doses the metabolite
      concentrations were close to, or even in excess to the parent compound. The
      relative binding affinities of RU 486, monodemethylated, didemethylated and
      hydroxylated metabolites (progesterone = 100%) to the human progesterone receptor
      were 232, 50, 21, and 36, respectively. The existence of a high affinity-limited
      capacity serum binding protein would explain the long half-life and the observed
      diverging dose-dependent pharmacokinetics. The extravasation of RU 486 after the
      saturation of serum binding sites would explain the blunted serum peak
      concentrations of RU 486 with higher doses. The return of the drug back to
      circulation thereafter explains the zero-order kinetics. High concentrations of
      circulating metabolites capable of binding to the progesterone receptor suggest a
      significant contribution of these steroids in the overall antiprogestational
      action.

PMID- 3695509
TI  - Mechanisms of growth inhibition by nonsteroidal antioestrogens in human breast
      cancer cells.
AB  - Treatment of MCF7 human mammary carcinoma cells with the nonsteroidal
      antioestrogens, tamoxifen and clomiphene, leads to a concentration-dependent
      decrease in cellular proliferation rate which can be resolved into oestrogen
      reversible and oestrogen-irreversible components. This became more clearly
      apparent when cells were treated with the 4-hydroxylated derivatives of these
      compounds where, because of enhanced affinity for the oestrogen receptor (ER),
      the dose-response curves for the two components could be separated. Thus
      treatment with 4-hydroxyclomiphene resulted in a distinct biphasic effect on cell
      growth. In the concentration range 10(-10)-10(-8) M, cell proliferation was
      inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner to a maximum of 60-70%, there was
      no further effect between 10(-8) and 10(-6) M, but at concentrations greater than
      10(-6) M there was another concentration-dependent decrease in cell growth.
      Studies with a series of vinyl-substituted hydroxytriphenylethylenes revealed
      that in the nanomolar concentration range, where the effects of the drugs could
      be completely negated by the simultaneous addition of oestradiol, the potency for
      growth inhibition was highly correlated with affinity for ER. Such data provide
      strong evidence that in this concentration range the growth inhibitory effects of
      nonsteroidal antioestrogens are mediated by the intracellular ER. In the
      micromolar concentration range the effects of antioestrogens are not completely
      reversed by oestradiol, potency is not well correlated with affinity for either
      ER or the antioestrogen binding site (AEBS) but the effect is cell cycle phase
      specific. Furthermore, the disparity between the affinity for AEBS (0.8-3.3 nM)
      and the concentration of drug needed for oestrogen-irreversible growth inhibition
      (greater than or equal to 2.5 microM) argue against a central role for AEBS in
      mediating this effect. The observation that triphenylethylene antioestrogens are
      calmodulin antagonists may provide some insight into potential mechanisms for
      this oestrogen-irreversible effect. Indeed, in identical experiments two
      phenothiazine calmodulin antagonists inhibited MCF 7 cell proliferation at
      concentrations greater than or equal to 2.5 x 10(-6) M. Growth inhibition
      following administration of fluphenazine, perphenazine and triphenylethylene
      antioestrogens was accompanied by qualitatively similar changes in the cell cycle
      kinetic parameters, i.e. accumulation in G1 phase at the expense of S phase
      cells. These data suggest triphenylethylene antagonism of calmodulin activated
      cellular processes as a potential mechanism for the oestrogen-irreversible
      effects of the nonsteroidal antioestrogens.

PMID- 3695510
TI  - Binding of glucocorticoid receptors to mammary chromatin acceptor sites.
AB  - We have recently characterized the interaction of mouse mammary estrogen
      receptors (ER) with mammary chromatin acceptor sites and demonstrated that ER
      from estrogen resistant lactating mammary glands do not bind to chromatin. In
      this study we have characterized the chromatin binding of the glucocorticoid
      receptor from mouse mammary glands isolated from nulliparous and lactating mice
      in order to better understand the relationship between receptor binding to
      chromatin and steroidogenic sensitivity of the tissue. Mammary chromatin was
      linked covalently to cellulose and deproteinized sequentially by 0-8 M Gdn-HCl.
      Binding to intact chromatin as well as to chromatin deproteinized by Gdn-HCl was
      determined using partially purified [3H]dexamethasone labelled glucocorticoid
      receptor complexes (GR) obtained by fractionation on DEAE-cellulose columns. The
      binding of [3H]GR from mammary glands of nulliparous mice to chromatin fractions
      from the same tissue revealed maximal binding activity (acceptor sites) on
      chromatin previously extracted with 5-6 M Gdn-HCl. Binding of [3H]GR was of high
      affinity (Kd = 0.2 nM) and saturable. A simultaneous comparison of the chromatin
      binding patterns for [3H]ER and [3H]GR isolated from mammary glands of
      nulliparous mice revealed that the chromatin subfractions obtained with 4-6 M Gdn
      HCl extraction contained acceptor sites for both [3H]ER and [3H]GR; however,
      while the [3H]ER bound to a 4.5 M and a 5.5 M site, the [3]GR bound a 5 M and a 6
      M site. Competition experiments supported the steroid receptor specificity of the
      chromatin acceptor sites. Thus, the 4-6 M chromatin fractions contain distinct
      acceptor sites for the glucocorticoid receptor and for the estrogen receptor. In
      addition our studies reveal that the binding patterns of [3H]GR isolated from
      mammary glands of nulliparous and lactating mice to their homologous chromatin is
      essentially similar. Thus, in contrast to estrogen receptors, glucocorticoid
      receptors from lactating mammary glands are able to effectively bind to chromatin
      acceptor sites which supports our previous suggestion that the estrogenic
      insensitivity of lactating mouse mammary glands may at least be in part due to
      the impeded interaction of ER with chromatin acceptor sites.

PMID- 3695511
TI  - The mechanism of [3H]dexamethasone uptake into prolactin producing rat pituitary
      cells (GH3 cells) in culture.
AB  - Glucocorticosteroids stimulate growth hormone (GH) synthesis and inhibit
      prolactin (PRL) synthesis and cell growth in cultured GH3 cells, a clonal cell
      strain derived from a rat pituitary tumour. This model system was used to study
      the mechanism by which glucocorticosteroids enter target cells. The cellular
      uptake of [3H]dexamethasone was temperature dependent and was further inhibited
      by addition of an excess amount of cold dexamethasone. Half maximal uptake was
      obtained after about 5 min at 37 degrees C. The initial rates of
      [3H]dexamethasone uptake were a linear function of the extracellular hormone
      concentration. The uptake of [3H]dexamethasone in intact cells studied at
      different temperatures resulted in linear Arrhenius plots, with a calculated
      energy of activation of 91.0 kJ x mole-1 x degree-1. Scatchard analysis of
      specifically cell bound [3H]dexamethasone at equilibrium (0 degrees C) showed a
      straight line with a calculated dissociation constant (Kd) of 1.6 x 10(-9) M and
      a maximal uptake of 180 x 10(-15) mole/mg cell protein. Specific binding of
      [3H]dexamethasone to cytosol proteins could only be demonstrated at 0 degrees C.
      These results indicate that [3H]dexamethasone diffuses passively into the cell,
      and binds to specific receptors in an energy dependent way.

PMID- 3695512
TI  - Analysis of tamoxifen, N-desmethyltamoxifen and 4-hydroxytamoxifen levels in
      cytosol and KCl-nuclear extracts of breast tumours from tamoxifen treated
      patients by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) using selected ion
      monitoring (SIM).
AB  - Tamoxifen, 4-hydroxytamoxifen and desmethyltamoxifen levels were measured in
      cytosolic and 0.5 M KCl extracted nuclear fractions from a small series of breast
      tumours from tamoxifen treated patients by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
      (GC-MS) using selected ion monitoring (SIM). Tamoxifen and desmethyltamoxifen
      were the most abundant metabolites. There was a small increment in the relative
      abundance of 4-hydroxytamoxifen in the nuclear extract over cytosol relative to
      both tamoxifen and desmethyltamoxifen. Further, there was a selective retention
      of tamoxifen relative to desmethyltamoxifen in the nuclear extract relative to
      the cytosol. It is concluded that all three compounds could potentially
      contribute to estrogen receptor mediated antiestrogenic effects in this target
      tissue.

PMID- 3695513
TI  - Differential effect of progesterone on the labeling of phosphatidylinositol with
      [3H]inositol and [32P]phosphate in the uterus of the estrogen-treated
      ovariectomized rat.
AB  - In rat uterine mince incubated in vitro [3H]inositol was found to be incorporated
      into phosphatidylinositol (PI) predominantly via a pathway which could be
      markedly and dose dependently activated with Mn2+ (0.1-10 mM) and inhibited by
      Ca2+ (1-10 mM). These ions had no effect on the incorporation of [32P]phosphate
      (32P) into PI indicating a distinct inositol-exchange mechanism for the labeling
      of PI with [3H]inositol. Treatment of ovariectomized rats for 5 days with 2
      micrograms estradiol dipropionate (EDP) increased about 3-fold (when measured in
      the presence of 1 mM Mn2+) and 4-5-fold (when measured in the presence of 1 mM
      Ca2+) the inositol-exchange activity in the rat uterus, and these effects were
      suppressed by 40 and 30% respectively by the concomitant administration of 2 mg
      progesterone (P). EDP alone or in combination with P increased to the same extent
      (by a factor of 2-3) the rate of labeling with 32P of phosphatidylcholine (PC),
      phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and plasmenylethanolamine (PmE). The labeling rate
      of PI was increased 1.5-1.7-fold by treatment with EDP and this increase was
      selectively augmented further to about 2.5-fold by the simultaneous
      administration of P. Treatment with P alone had no significant effect on the
      incorporation of either labeled precursor. Steroid hormone treatments had no
      effect on the amount of these phospholipids in 100 mg uterine tissue, but they
      increased about 1.7-fold the rate of labeling of ATP with 32P. We conclude that
      P, when administered together with estradiol, regulates differentially the
      turnover of the inositol and phosphate moieties of PI with possible physiological
      consequences.

PMID- 3695514
TI  - Regional differences in microsomal lipid peroxidation and antioxidant levels in
      the guinea pig adrenal cortex.
AB  - Lipid peroxidation (LP) and antioxidant levels were studied in the chromatically
      distinct inner (zona reticularis) and outer (zona fasciculata + zona glomerulosa)
      zones of the guinea pig adrenal cortex. Ferrous ion (Fe2+) produced a
      concentration-dependent (10(-5) to 10(-3) M) stimulation of microsomal LP in both
      zones, but LP, as estimated by malonaldehyde production, was far greater in the
      inner zone. Although cytosolic ascorbic acid content was similar in the two
      zones, microsomal tocopherol levels were approx 4 times greater in the outer than
      inner zone. Subphysiological concentrations of ascorbic acid, like Fe2+,
      initiated LP to a greater extent in inner than outer zone microsomes; optimal
      stimulation of LP by ascorbic acid occurred at concentrations of 100-200 microM
      in both zones. Physiological concentrations of ascorbic acid (1-5 mM), by
      contrast, did not initiate LP and, in fact, markedly inhibited Fe2+-induced LP in
      both inner and outer zone microsomal preparations. Outer zone microsomes were
      more sensitive to the antioxidant effects of ascorbic acid than were inner zone
      preparations. Addition of alpha-tocopherol to inner zone microsomal suspensions
      inhibited Fe2+-induced LP. The results indicate that there are regional
      differences in adrenocortical LP which may be caused by differences in tocopherol
      content. alpha-Tocopherol may serve important antioxidant functions within the
      adrenal cortex, thereby contributing to the functional zonation of the gland.

PMID- 3695515
TI  - HME--a novel derivative for direct iodination in steroid radioimmunoassays.
AB  - Steroid derivatives containing histidine methyl ester (HME), instead of
      histamine, were prepared by mixed anhydride coupling. The derivatives were
      crystalline, and when labelled in microgram quantities by using Iodo-gen
      (exposure time 1 h) the yield of the immunoreactive fraction was 40-50%. The
      products were similar in immunoreactivity and stability to the known histamine
      derivatives. Assay parameters obtained with HME-derivatives were compared with
      those obtained with tritiated steroids and with analogous TME-derivatives. A
      heterologous assay of progesterone (3 antisera against 12 alpha-succinyl-BSA, and
      methylsuccinyl derivatives for labelling substituted at 11 alpha-position), and a
      homologous assay of cortisol (4 antisera against 21-succinyl-BSA, and 21-carbonyl
      derivatives for labelling) were studied. The HME-derivatives produced logit-log
      curves with slopes comparable to those in tritium-based assays. The sensitivity,
      as expressed by ED50 values, was by 66% higher than in tritium assays, and by 50%
      higher than for the tyramine derivative in a similar heterologous assay. The HME
      based assay for cortisol was by 26% less sensitive compared to tritium, but
      several times more sensitive than in case of analogous TME-based assay.

PMID- 3695516
TI  - Centrifugal ultrafiltration-dialysis for non-protein-bound oestradiol in blood:
      importance of the support.
AB  - The percentage of non-protein-bound oestradiol in serum or other fluid measured
      by centrifugal ultrafiltration-dialysis was critically dependent on the
      supporting medium used to collect the ultrafiltrate. When either Whatman No. 1
      filter paper discs, Whatman GF/D glass fibre discs or Celite were used, the
      ratios of 3H-steroid to [14C]glucose on the support were found to change with
      centrifugation time. This occurred when serum or protein-free filtrates were
      analysed and was eliminated when silanised Celite was employed as the support. It
      was also observed that when serum was analysed, the [3H]/[14C] ratio inside the
      cell increased linearly with centrifugation time and this was ascribed to the
      small changes in volume which occurred inside the cell as ultrafiltrate
      accumulated on the support. It was concluded that the correct time to sample the
      ratio of [3H]/[14C] inside was before centrifugation.

PMID- 3695517
TI  - Binding of steroids in nuclear extracts and cytosol of rat pituitary and estrogen
      induced pituitary tumors.
AB  - We have determined binding sites for estrogen, progestin, androgen and
      glucocorticoid in anterior pituitaries from Sprague-Dawley rats, a strain with
      low estrogen sensitivity, and in diethylstilbestrol-induced pituitary tumors in
      Fischer 344 rats, a strain with high estrogen sensitivity. Binding sites differ
      in their quantity and subcellular distribution. Cytosolic sites for [3H]estradiol
      in normal pituitaries from untreated rats were high prevailing over sites for
      other hormones, but they were depleted in the tumors due to their retention in
      nuclei under the influence of estrogen. Unoccupied nuclear sites for estrogen in
      normal glands also prevailed over sites for other steroids, and were similar to
      those in tumors. Second, the progestin site labeled with [3H]R 5020 was
      concentrated 5.7-fold in cytosol and 8.5-fold in nuclei of the tumors over the
      values found in glands from normal males estrogenized for 3 days. Third,
      glucocorticoid receptors labeled with [3H]dexamethasone were predominantly
      cytosolic in normal glands, but very low in cytosol and more evident in nuclear
      extracts from the tumors, the reverse of the profile found in normal pituitaries.
      Last, limited and comparable amounts of androgen receptors were measured in the
      subcellular fractions of both tissues. It is suggested that the subcellular
      distribution of some steroid receptors may be controlled in part by the cell
      population of the tissue and its degree of genetic activity.

PMID- 3695518
TI  - Primary and secondary progesterone hydroxylation by the rabbit liver microsomal
      cytochromes P-450 system.
AB  - Progesterone metabolism by the rabbit liver microsomal cytochromes P-450 system
      has been investigated with reverse phase (C18) high performance liquid
      chromatography. Time-course studies indicated that 6 beta-OHDOC accumulated as a
      secondary metabolite produced by the sequential 6 beta- and 21-hydroxylation of
      progesterone. When 21-hydroxylation occurred first, DOC accumulated and 6
      hydroxylation was reduced. 16-OHP was resistant to secondary metabolism at both
      the 6- and 21-positions. The variable rates of 21-hydroxylase activity between
      different rabbits was further influenced by the nature of C-6-function in the
      order of 6-oxo greater than 6 beta-OH greater than 6 beta-OH greater than 6 alpha
      OH greater than 6-H greater than 6 beta-acetoxy. These results indicate the
      potential interaction of the microsomal cytochromes P-450 and/or products in the
      sequential hydroxylation of a single steroid substrate at multiple sites.

PMID- 3695519
TI  - Effect of serum proteins on estrogen-mediated receptor translocation in the
      superfused rat uterus.
AB  - In order to examine the effects of serum proteins on the biologic activity of
      estrogens, we superfused uteri from ovariectomized rats with Krebs-Ringer
      phosphate buffer (KRP), 4% human serum albumin (HSA) in KR or charcoal-stripped
      human plasma (HP), alone or with estradiol (E2), estrone (E1) or estriol (E3), 5
      x 10(-10), 10(-9) and 10(-8) M. Following superfusion, the uteri were homogenized
      and the cytosol and nuclear receptors were measured by an exchange technique.
      Since we could detect no significant difference in the percent of receptors in
      the nucleus when the time of superfusion was varied from 30-120 min, all studies
      were done using a 30 min superfusion at a flow rate of 0.6 ml/min. In control
      studies using KRP alone (n = 12) 23.8 +/- 1.8 (mean +/- SEM) of the receptors
      were present in the nucleus at the end of the 30 min superfusion. Addition of E1,
      E2 or E3 5 x 10(-10) M resulted in a significant increase compared to controls in
      the percent of receptors in the nucleus. The percent of nuclear receptors was
      significantly greater for E2 and E3 (46.5 +/- 3.2% and 43.6 +/- 1.8%) compared to
      E1 (34.0 +/- 0.9%). Superfusions of uteri with either E2 or E3 at 10(-9) M or 10(
      8) M resulted in a significantly greater percent of nuclear receptors compared to
      equimolar infusions of E1. When uteri were superfused with E1 at 5 x 10(-10), 10(
      9) or 10(-8) M or with E3 at 5 x 10(-10) or 10(-9) M in HSA or HP the percent of
      nuclear receptors was not different compared to the respective infusion of
      equimolar concentrations of E1 or E3 in KR. However, superfusions of E2 5 x 10(
      10), 10(-9) or 10(-8) M in HSA or HP resulted in a significant decrease in the
      percent nuclear receptors compared to the percent after equimolar superfusions of
      E2 in KR. Superfusions of E2 in HSA or HP resulted in the same percent of
      receptors in the nucleus. The percent of receptors in the nucleus increased with
      increasing concentrations of E2, but at each concentration the percent of
      receptors was the same with HA as with HP. Using the percent of nuclear receptors
      as an index of biological activity, E1 has less activity than either E2 or E3.
      Interaction with serum proteins does not modulate the activities of either E1 or
      E3, except at the concentration of 10(-8) M for E3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 3695520
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of epitestosterone: methodology, thermodynamic aspects and
      applications.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay system for 17 alpha-hydroxy-4-androstene-3-one
      (epitestosterone) was developed and evaluated using rabbit antisera against 17
      alpha-hydroxy-4-androstene-3-one-3-(O-carboxymethyl)-oxime-bovine serum albumin
      conjugate, and radioiodinated homologous histaminyl derivative of epitestosterone
      as a tracer. Two antisera with different specificity were used for
      radioimmunological determination of epitestosterone in hydrolyzed urine and
      plasma, respectively. Apparent intrinsic association constants and derived
      thermodynamic variables for ligand-antibody interaction were measured under
      various conditions in order to set up an optimal assay protocol. The mean plasma
      epitestosterone levels for healthy subjects were 0.44 +/- 0.15 nmol.l-1 (means +/
      SD) in males and 0.092 +/- 0.056 nmol.l-1 in females. The corresponding
      concentrations in urine were 320 +/- 70 nmol.l-1 (males) and 273 +/- 100 nmol.l-1
      (females).

PMID- 3695521
TI  - Retinoic acid (RA): an inhibitor of 5 alpha-reductase in human prostatic cancer
      cells.
AB  - The effect of retinoic acid (RA) on testosterone metabolism was examined in a
      prostatic cancer cell line of human origin, PC-3. In cells growing as monolayers
      as well as in cell homogenates RA causes a dose-dependent inhibition of the 5
      alpha-reductase activity, thus preventing the conversion of testosterone into its
      hormonally active metabolite, dihydrotestosterone. Fifty per cent inhibition of
      the enzyme activity occurred at an RA concentration of 2 x 10(-5)M. The pattern
      of inhibition was that of a non-competitive inhibitor. However, when incubations
      were performed in the presence of varying amounts of NADPH, it turned out that RA
      exerts its effect by competitive inhibition of the cofactor action. Although the
      severe toxicity of RA precludes its systemic use as a 5 alpha-reductase
      inhibitory drug in humans, the possible anti-androgenic effect of other, less
      toxic, retinoids should be investigated.

PMID- 3695522
TI  - An alternative metabolic pathway of 11-deoxycorticosterone in bovine adrenal in
      vitro: evidence for the presence of a pathway of 11-deoxycorticosterone oxidation
      at 19-position.
AB  - Comparative studies of 11 beta-, 18-, and 19-hydroxylation activities of 11
      deoxycorticosterone (DOC) by bovine adrenal mitochondria revealed that an
      appreciable level of hydroxylation rate was observed in 19-hydroxylation (0.32
      nmol/min/mg mitochondrial protein), as well as in 11 beta- and 18-hydroxylations
      (4.7 and 0.27 nmol/min/mg mitochondrial protein, respectively), at saturated
      substrate concentration in vitro. Also, the rates of the oxidation reactions of
      19-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone (19-OH-DOC) and 19-oxo-11-deoxycorticosterone
      (19-oxo-DOC) at the 19-position were about 5 times higher than the 19
      hydroxylation rate of DOC. Although the affinities of 19-OH-DOC and 19-oxo-DOC
      for the enzyme(s) involved in the C-19 oxidation were about one-fifth those of
      DOC, these results strongly suggest the presence of the following pathway in
      bovine adrenal in vitro: DOC----19-OH-DOC----19-oxo-DOC----19-oic-DOC. This was
      further confirmed by a dynamic study of the formation and subsequent decay of the
      C-19 oxidized metabolites produced from DOC. At maximum concentrations of 19-OH
      DOC and 19-oxo-DOC, the rates of production of, respectively, 19-oxo-DOC and 19
      oic-DOC reached maximum. Furthermore, at the beginning of the incubation (1-4
      min), an induction period in the formation of 19-oxo-DOC and 19-oic-DOC was
      observed and the formation of 19-oxo-DOC always preceded the appearance of 19-oic
      DOC. These observations strongly support the existence of the pathway of the C-19
      oxidation of DOC as mentioned above. It was also established that reduced
      pyridine nucleotide (NADPH) and molecular oxygen were required for these
      oxidation reactions. In addition, these three oxidation reactions were uniformly
      inhibited by the presence of carbon monoxide or metyrapone (0.01-1.0 microM),
      which is known to bind specifically with cytochrome P-450, while potassium
      cyanide (0.01-0.1 mM) did not affect them. These results suggest the possibility
      of the involvement of cytochrome P-450 in the C-19 oxidation reactions of DOC, 19
      OH-DOC, and 19-oxo-DOC. We also showed that 19-oic-DOC is not further metabolized
      to other steroids such as 19-nor-11-deoxycorticosterone in bovine adrenal cortex.

PMID- 3695523
TI  - Steroid-affinity purification of the rat liver glucocorticoid hormone receptor
      complex.
AB  - The molybdate-stabilized GHRC was isolated from rat liver cytosol with a 9000
      fold purification and 46% yield. The major purification step was achieved using
      an affinity matrix consisting of an agarose support coupled to a dexamethasone
      ligand via an aliphatic spacer arm. Spacer arms containing disulfide bridges were
      found to be unsuitable due to their instability in cytosol. To reduce the non
      specific binding properties of the affinity matrix, underivatized amino groups
      were acetylated, since the receptor was found to bind avidly to such groups thus
      evading elution by the ligand. Sodium molybdate present during biospecific
      elution from the gel stabilized the steroid-binding activity of the receptor. The
      use of denaturing and sulfhydryl modifying reagents (NaSCN, DMSO, Mersalyl)
      during elution led to partial or complete irreversible loss of steroid-binding
      activity of the unoccupied receptor. Efficient biospecific elution occurred at
      competing concentration of high affinity steroid in the presence of sodium
      molybdate. The ligand specific eluate was further purified by DEAE-Sephacel
      chromatography resulting in additional purification of 3.2-fold. The GHRC eluted
      from the DEAE-Sephacel column at a salt concentration characteristic of the
      untransformed GHRC. Molybdate was removed from the purified untransformed GHRC in
      the ligand eluate by DEAE-Sephacel chromatography in the absence of molybdate,
      for subsequent heat transformation.

PMID- 3695524
TI  - The induction of oestrogen receptors in the prostate of castrated adult
      cynomolgus monkeys by 17 beta-oestradiol.

PMID- 3695525
TI  - RU38486 prolongs survival in murine congenital polycystic kidney disease.
AB  - The cpk/cpk mutant mouse develops a lethal infantile polycystic kidney disease
      that is associated with disregulation of post natal glucocorticoid production. To
      establish if the observed endocrine abnormality is involved in the
      pathophysiology of polycystic kidney disease, blockade of glucocorticoid action
      during the immediate post-natal period was attempted. The steroid antagonist,
      RU38486, when administered from day 3 to day 12 of post-natal life, prolonged
      survival in affected animals. This finding supports a role for steroid hormones
      in the pathogenesis of this form of polycystic kidney disease.

PMID- 3695526
TI  - Surgical approach to generalized lymphadenopathy in homosexual men.
AB  - Sixty patients considered at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
      were referred for evaluation of generalized lymphadenopathy. All patients were
      seropositive for antibody to human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III).
      Multiple lymph node biopsies from different nodal areas were performed. The
      results were evaluated in order to see if the diagnostic yield is increased by
      the performance of multiple lymph node biopsies. In no case was additional
      diagnostic information provided by performing multiple biopsies. In patients with
      diffuse lymphadenopathy who are at risk for AIDS, single node excisional biopsy
      is indicated to rule out opportunistic infection or/and tumor.

PMID- 3695527
TI  - Adjuvant treatment of malignant melanoma with DTIC + estracyt or BCG.
AB  - Eighty-two patients with invasive malignant melanoma and no distant metastases
      were prospectively randomized following their surgical treatment to 1)
      observation; 2) chemotherapy with Dacarbazine (DTIC) 200 mg/M2 I.V. daily X 5
      every 4 weeks and Estracyt 15 mg/kg orally daily for 1 year; and 3) immunotherapy
      with TICE BCG 1 ml to an area of scarification near the primary site, every 4
      weeks for 1 year. At a median follow-up of 73.4 months 31 patients (38%) have
      relapsed. There was no significant difference in survival according to the
      treatment, but a weak effect on the course of the disease by either of the
      treatment protocols cannot be ruled out due to the small sample of patients.
      Survival and disease-free interval varied significantly according to the
      histologic status of the regional nodes. The estimated 5-year disease-free rate
      of patients with negative nodes was 85% and for those with positive nodes it was
      35% (P less than 0.0001).

PMID- 3695528
TI  - Pathological characteristics of gastric cancer that develop hematogenous
      recurrence, with special reference to the site of recurrence.
AB  - The pathologic characteristics of gastric cancer in 57 patients with hematogenous
      recurrence were pathologically analyzed by the site of recurrence. In recurrence
      of gastric cancer that developed in the liver, macroscopic observation revealed
      that cancers of Borrmann type 2 and 3 were most frequent. Microscopic examination
      revealed that the rate of occurrence of the medullary type of differentiated or
      poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma were high and that there were relatively
      frequent invasion by cancerous cells of the blood vessel that were closely
      related to the hematogenous metastasis. On the other hand, with respect to
      recurrence of gastric cancer that had developed in the lung or bone, Borrmann
      type 3 and 4, respectively, were more frequently observed. In these cases,
      microscopic analysis revealed that these cancers were poorly differentiated
      adenocarcinomas. In gastric cancer with bone recurrence, the rate of recurrence
      of the scirrhous type of tumor were higher than that of other types. It is
      important, for the management of patients after gastric cancer surgery, to
      predict possible hematogenous recurrence and its site by evaluation of the
      pathologic characteristics of the gastric cancer.

PMID- 3695529
TI  - Effect of axillary nodal status on the long-term survival following mastectomy
      for breast carcinoma: nodal metastases may not always suggest systemic disease.
AB  - Records of 215 patients receiving radical mastectomies from 1958 to 1968 at
      Roswell Park Memorial Institute were reviewed for the significance of axillary
      nodal status on long-term survival and recurrence. Ten-year disease-free interval
      rates were 83%, 47%, and 17%, respectively, for patients with negative nodes, 1-3
      positive nodes, and greater than or equal to 4 positive nodes. Fifteen-year rates
      were 80%, 37%, and 8%, respectively. Survival and disease-free interval curves
      for the 3 nodal status groups were significantly different from each other (P
      less than 0.0001). Curves for three subclasses of the greater than or equal to 4
      positive node group (4-6, 7-12, and greater than or equal to 13) were similar in
      overall survival, but were significantly (P = 0.04) different for disease-free
      interval, due to a rapid rate of recurrence in the greater than or equal to 13
      positive node group. Hazard rates of treatment failure during each successive 3
      year period for 9 years following mastectomy for those with 1-3 positive nodes or
      greater than or equal to 4 positive nodes decreased with time, whereas the rates
      for those with negative nodes were low and relatively constant throughout follow
      up. These findings support the thesis that a significant proportion of negative
      nodes patients are cured by mastectomy and that a smaller group of node-positive
      patients have regional disease with a chance of cure by mastectomy.

PMID- 3695530
TI  - Effects of sodium cholate on experimental carcinogenesis and cell proliferation
      in an excluded colonic segment.
AB  - Bile salts appear to be important promoters of colon carcinogenesis. This study
      was designed to assess the importance of the fecal stream in cholic acid-induced
      colon tumor promotion. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent transverse colostomy
      after induction with dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and the excluded distal colon was
      irrigated with saline or sodium cholate (23 microM) 5 times per week until
      sacrifice. Controls initially injected with saline were similarly treated. All
      surviving animals were sacrificed at 28 weeks after the last DMH injection. Five
      animals from each group were randomly chosen to assess tritiated thymidine
      labeling and distribution by autoradiography in normal appearing colon mucosa of
      irrigated bowel. Cholate irrigation failed to increase tumor yield or modify the
      proportion of adenomas and adenocarcinomas in this model. Paradoxically, fewer
      tumors per affected rat were noted with sodium cholate irrigation. Cholate
      irrigation also failed to affect crypt cellularity, thymidine labeling indices,
      and labeling distribution in DMH-treated rats and controls. An effect of DMH was
      seen, however, with an increase in thymidine labeling index and increased
      labeling in the top half of the crypt in all DMH-treated groups. This study
      suggests that tumor promotion with primary bile salts is not a direct affect and
      may result from further bile salt metabolism within the fecal stream. DMH-induced
      changes in cell proliferation were reproduced with this model. Use of an excluded
      colon segment to assess the effect of suspected tumor promoters on carcinogenesis
      or colon mucosal cell proliferation is feasible and may be a useful model for
      future studies.

PMID- 3695531
TI  - Flow cytometric analysis for assessing the malignant potential of breast cancer.
AB  - Flow cytometric analysis was performed on 60 patients with breast cancer to
      investigate the relationship between DNA histogram and the malignant potential of
      breast cancer. DNA aneuploidy of breast cancer tended to increase with increasing
      stage and degree of nodal metastasis. The percent of cells in the S phase was
      significantly increased in the patients with metastasis compared to those without
      metastasis. Patients exhibiting percent S phase value of more than 20% showed a
      high frequency of metastasis even when breast tumors were small (T1, less than
      2.0 cm in diameter). Thus, flow cytometric analysis may give additional
      information on biological characteristics and may be useful for predicting the
      prognosis of breast cancer in some patients.

PMID- 3695532
TI  - Early and advanced gastric cancer during follow-up of apparently benign gastric
      ulcer: significance of the presence of epithelial dysplasia.
AB  - One hundred and forty-four patients with apparently benign gastric ulcer were
      endoscopically followed up in order to evaluate the outcome of the lesion.
      Particular attention was given to: (a) detect possible delay in diagnosing
      gastric cancer; (b) ascertain the frequency of association with epithelial
      dysplasia; (c) establish the role of markers, such as serum pepsinogen group I
      (PGI), and gastric juice CEA in predicting gastric ulcer evolution. Endoscopic
      and bioptic check-ups were carried out during the first year at 3, 6 and 12
      months after endoscopic healing of the ulcer, and then at every symptomatic
      recurrence. Ten patients (6.9%) were found to present histological evidence of
      malignancy (within 3 months in six cases, between 6 and 12 months in three cases,
      and after 41 months in the rest). Four cases were early gastric cancers, and six
      had shown dysplastic changes of the mucosa at the edge or scar of the ulcer.
      Serum PGI levels were not significantly different in gastric cancer patients,
      while gastric juice CEA levels were sharply increased compared to those of
      gastric ulcer patients: nine out of ten patients had values above normal range.
      These data suggest that: (a) there may be some delay in diagnosing gastric
      carcinoma, and gastric ulcer patients should be controlled routinely more than
      once; (b) the presence of dysplasia indicates the need for prolonged follow-up,
      because of the high risk of association with or evolution into gastric cancer,
      and because of the higher number of early gastric cancer detections that this
      protocol allows; (c) further support in monitoring patients "at risk" may be
      afforded by gastric juice CEA determination.

PMID- 3695533
TI  - Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the pancreas presenting as gastric carcinoma:
      clinicopathologic and ultrastructural findings.
AB  - The clinicopathologic and ultrastructural features of a sarcomatoid carcinoma of
      the pancreas presenting initially as gastric carcinoma are described. By light
      microscopy, the tumor contained cellular patterns similar to those present in
      tumors of mesenchymal origin. Spindle cell areas arranged in a storiform pattern
      were present. Ultrastructurally, bundles of cytoplasmic microfilaments were
      present in the cell cytoplasm and were similar in distribution to those found on
      fine structural examination in tumors of mesenchymal origin. Rows of desmosomes
      were found between cells supporting an epithelial origin for this tumor.
      Following initial therapy, metastatic tumor produced polypoid lesions in the
      small intestine resulting in recurrent small bowel intussuceptions. Our findings
      indicate that sarcomatoid carcinoma of the pancreas, by both light and
      ultrastructural examination, is a heterogenous tumor at the cellular level and
      may be a cause of repeated intussuception when intraluminal compromise occurs.

PMID- 3695534
TI  - Survival following self-administered chemotherapy for liver metastases.
AB  - Fifty-three patients with unresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer
      either self-administered or had a family member administer 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)
      (12 mg/kg/day for 5 days in alternate weeks) through intraoperatively placed
      hepatic artery and/or portal vein catheters. Twenty percent had failed previous
      systemic chemotherapy. Seventeen who were symptomatic received additional
      radiotherapy. Metastasis was confined to the liver in 38, while 15 also had
      extrahepatic metastases. Median survival for those with hepatic metastases only
      was 21 months from diagnosis and 16 months from catheter insertion. There are
      three long-term survivors in this group, alive 58, 69, and 86 months,
      respectively, from diagnosis. Median survival for those with hepatic and
      extrahepatic metastases was 10 months from diagnosis and 6 months from catheter
      insertion. No patient in this group has survived long term. Catheter-related
      complications occurred in 20% of the patients; none were fatal. Drug toxicities
      were minor. Self-administered chemotherapy is a safe, effective, and simple
      method of achieving prolonged survival in patients with unresectable hepatic
      metastasis from colorectal cancer.

PMID- 3695535
TI  - Nonosseous sarcomas in a military hospital.
AB  - This is a retrospective review of 67 patients with soft tissue or visceral
      sarcomas treated during 1973-1982. There were 40 males and 27 females. The mean
      age was 36 with a range of 1 to 77 years of age. The most common histologic
      subtypes were rhabdomyosarcoma (19%), malignant fibrohistiocytoma (13%),
      fibrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (12% each), and
      liposarcoma (10%). Among the 42 soft tissue sarcomas 33% occurred in the trunk,
      35% and 21% in the lower and upper extremities, and 10% in the head and neck
      region. Among the 25 visceral sarcomas, 16% were in the thorax, 56% involved
      abdominal or retroperitoneal organs, and 28% were in the head and neck region.
      Overall, 33 of the 54 patients with early sarcomas were treated by surgical
      resection alone while 21 others had postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy and/or
      chemotherapy. Factors influencing survival are presented and patterns of
      metastasis discussed. Overall, 45% of the patients showed metastatic disease
      either at diagnosis (15%) or during the follow-up period (30%). The lung was
      involved in two-thirds of the cases and was the most common site of spread. In
      patients with rhabdomyosarcoma and malignant fibrohistiocytoma, regional lymph
      node metastasis was noted in 36% and 17%, respectively.

PMID- 3695536
TI  - Preoperative chemotherapy for fungating breast cancer.
AB  - Thirty cases of fungating breast cancer (stages III and IV) were treated
      preoperatively by combination chemotherapy using cyclophosphamide (Endoxan),
      methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, and prednisone. Mastectomy was performed after 2
      cycles of preoperative chemotherapy followed by 6 more cycles postoperatively. Of
      30 patients, 25 (83.3%) were made operable and had better disease-free survival.
      Preoperative chemotherapy has an advantage as regards improvement in quality and
      longevity without much toxicity, and provides a better palliation.

PMID- 3695537
TI  - Use of a five-day test to predict the long-term effects of gastric antisecretory
      agents on serum gastrin in rats.
AB  - It has been hypothesized that prolonged achlorhydria causes compensatory
      elevation of serum gastrin, and that there is an association in rats between
      sustained hypergastrinemia, hyperplasia of gastric enterochromaffin-like cells,
      and subsequent formation of gastric carcinoids in 2-year carcinogenicity studies.
      The present study examined whether daily administration of gastric antisecretory
      drugs in rats for 4 days could cause hypergastrinemia associated with inhibition
      of acid output. Rats were dosed orally for 4 days with the histamine H2-receptor
      antagonist ranitidine or the H+,K+-sensitive ATPase inhibitor omeprazole, and
      examined on day 5 for effects on gastric acid secretion and serum gastrin.
      Omeprazole (138 mg/kg/day significantly inhibited gastric acid secretion and
      increased serum gastrin levels. Large, single daily doses of ranitidine (1000
      2000 mg/kg/day) had no effect on 24-hr acid or gastrin secretion; however,
      ranitidine did inhibit next-day acid secretion with associated increases in serum
      gastrin when administered in three divided doses. These results with ranitidine
      support the hypothesis that a sustained gastric antisecretory action will cause a
      compensatory hypergastrinemia, regardless of the antisecretory agent used. The
      ability to detect increased serum gastrin levels associated with inhibition of
      acid secretion, after administration of antisecretory agents for only 4 days,
      suggest that this short 5-day test may be useful for determining the potential of
      antisecretory agents to cause hypergastrinemia due to 24-hr inhibition of acid
      secretion and may be predictive of long-term hyperplastic changes.

PMID- 3695538
TI  - Pulmonary gas trapping in the guinea pig and its application in pharmacological
      testing.
AB  - Airway constriction produced by bronchoconstrictive aerosols in vivo can result
      in substantial postmortem pulmonary gas trapping in the guinea pig. In order to
      use gas trapping responses for the evaluation of potential antiasthma agents, we
      developed a multiple animal inhalation exposure apparatus and an accurate system
      for quantitating excised lung gas volumes in the guinea pig. Aerosols of
      histamine, methacholine, and leukotriene D4 were shown to produce gas trapping
      responses that were inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion by appropriate
      antagonists. The approach described provides an objective and sensitive measure
      of the severity of airway obstruction, does not require surgery or anesthesia,
      and allows excellent control of unwanted sources of experimental variation.

PMID- 3695539
TI  - A canine model of thrombin-induced coronary artery thrombosis: effects of
      intracoronary streptokinase on regional myocardial blood flow, contractile
      function, and infarct size.
AB  - The present investigation was undertaken to produce and to validate a canine
      model of experimental coronary artery thrombosis. In anesthetized, open-chest
      dogs, thrombin (150-200 U) was injected through an intracoronary catheter
      proximal to a brief (1 min) left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion.
      After 1 min, the mechanical occlusion was released, but no reperfusion occurred.
      Intracoronary thrombus was limited to the large coronary artery proximal to the
      site of mechanical occlusion. In two groups of dogs (n = 8), 15 min following
      thrombosis, vehicle (saline) or streptokinase (20,000 IU) was administered as an
      intracoronary bolus followed by an intracoronary infusion for 1 hr. None of the
      vehicle-treated dogs demonstrated antegrade coronary flow for up to 4 hr
      following intracoronary thrombin, whereas seven of eight had return of antegrade
      flow among streptokinase-treated dogs. Following streptokinase, thrombus size was
      reduced from control (25.1 +/- 5.3 mg versus 1.8 +/- 1.3 mg), perfusion to the
      subepicardium, midmyocardium, and subendocardium was increased, and infarct size
      was reduced. The results of the present study indicate the usefulness and
      reproducibility of this model in evaluating the beneficial actions of
      thrombolytic therapy.

PMID- 3695540
TI  - An efficient method for time course studies of antiepileptic drugs using the
      kindled rat seizure model.
AB  - A new method of testing the time course of anticonvulsant drugs in the kindled
      rat seizure model was investigated. To determine whether there are inhibitory
      effects of a kindled seizure on subsequent seizures, groups of 10 rats were made
      to convulse three times consecutively with interstimulation intervals of 0.5, 1,
      and 1.5 hr. Only with an interstimulus interval of 0.5 hr was there evidence of
      potential inhibitory effects lasting long enough to affect subsequent seizures.
      The time course of the anticonvulsant activity of diazepam was determined using
      two protocols: one in which groups of kindled rats were stimulated once and a
      second protocol in which animals were stimulated two times (at least 1.5 hr
      apart) following diazepam administration. The time courses of diazepam's
      inhibitory effect on kindled seizures obtained with each protocol were not
      significantly different. The data indicate that multiple stimulation episodes can
      be utilized in kindled rats to determine the time course following single
      administration of antiepileptic drugs.

PMID- 3695541
TI  - A specific radioreceptor assay for leukotriene C4 and the measurement of calcium
      ionophore-induced leukotriene C4 production from human leukocytes.
AB  - A highly specific radioreceptor assay (RRA) for leukotriene (LT) C4 using BC3H-1
      cell membrane as a source of LTC4 receptors was developed and demonstrated its
      use in the measurement of calcium ionophore A23187-induced LTC4 production from
      purified eosinophils, neutrophils, and mononuclear cells. Unlabeled LTC4 competed
      for the specific [3H]LTC4 binding to the BC3H-1 cell membranes in a dose
      dependent manner. Under the experimental conditions used in this study, the
      calculated IC50 value of unlabeled LTC4 was 27.2 +/- 1.2 nM (n = 5). The
      sensitivity of the method for LTC4 was 0.6 pmol. The cross-reactivities of LTD4,
      LTE4, and FPL 55712 were negligible. The recovery of the exogenously added LTC4
      with eosinophils was greater than 90% in both the presence and the absence of
      calcium ionophore A23187. Calcium ionophore induced 73.0 +/- 17.0 ng of LTC4
      production/10(6) eosinophils (n = 8), and this was about 20-40 times more than
      those from neutrophils and from mononuclear cells.

PMID- 3695542
TI  - Dog alpha-1-acid glycoprotein: purification and biochemical characterization.
AB  - Dog alpha-1-acid glycoprotein was purified to homogeneity from dog serum in a
      three-step procedure involving precipitation with sulphosalicylic acid,
      isoelectric focusing and size exclusion chromatography. The molecular
      heterogeneity in the peptide part and in the carbohydrate part of the molecule
      was investigated with analytical isoelectric focusing in a narrow pH range and
      crossed immunoaffinity electrophoresis with concanavalin A (con A) in the first
      dimension gel. Up to seven molecular forms with different isoelectric points were
      found, whereas only a single con A-dependent molecular form was detected.

PMID- 3695543
TI  - Sensitive gas liquid chromatography method for the determination of fentanyl
      concentrations in blood.
AB  - A method for the determination of fentanyl blood concentrations using gas liquid
      chromatography coupled to a nitrogen phosphorus detector (NPD) is presented. A
      highly inert fused-silica, megabore column coated with a methyl silicone
      stationary phase was used for the analysis. The mean coefficient of variation for
      the range of fentanyl concentrations tested (0.25-10 ng/ml) was 4.65%, ranging
      from 0.85% at 10 ng/ml to 10.8% at 0.25 ng/ml. The assay was used to quantify
      blood fentanyl concentrations collected from a 56-year-old woman who was
      administered fentanyl postoperatively via a patient-controlled on-demand
      analgesic computer (ODAC). The mean hourly fentanyl dose rate over the 44 hr
      study period was 41.8 micrograms/hr (range 20-120). The sixfold variation in
      hourly dose rate was not mirrored by similar fluctuations in the fentanyl blood
      concentration (mean 0.45 ng/ml, range 0.3-0.7 ng/ml). The patient thus titrated
      herself to a perceived minimum effective concentration (MEC) of fentanyl.

PMID- 3695544
TI  - A mitochondrial membrane hypothesis of aging.
AB  - Recently it has been demonstrated that the loss of water during aging from rat
      liver and heart muscle tissue is solely due to water loss from the mitochondria.
      A hypothesis is presented here which shows the relation between free radical
      attack to, and water loss from, the mitochondria and the decreased energy
      availability in aged cells. According to it, water loss from the mitochondria is
      due to an increasing permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane as a result
      of its changed composition and, therefore, decreasing osmotic reflexion
      coefficients for inorganic ions, mainly potassium. The water loss results in
      limited diffusion of intramitochondrial metabolites and, according to the theory
      of polyelectrolyte solutions, electrostatic and sterical hindrance of enzymic
      functions. The hypothesis is in accordance with the well-documented experimental
      facts, e.g. the lack of structural alterations in mitochondrial DNA and proteins,
      the constancy of the delta mu H+ and the decrease of state 3 respiration with
      only a limited number of substrates in mitochondria from old postmitotic cells.

PMID- 3695545
TI  - The mechanism for producing two symmetries at the head-tail junction of
      bacteriophages: a hypothesis.
AB  - Some double-stranded DNA bacteriophages consist of DNA packaged in a
      proteinaceous capsid. The capsid has a DNA-enclosing outer shell (head) attached
      to an external projection (tail). At the head-tail junction is a ring of subunits
      (connector) that has either six or twelve-fold rotational symmetry, and is joined
      to the head at an axis of the head's five-fold rotational symmetry. The head is
      made of subunits in either an icosahedral array or an array consisting of two
      icosahedral hemispheres separated by a cylinder of subunits. During infection of
      a host, the head with connector is assembled as a procapsid that subsequently
      packages DNA and joins a tail. The mechanism for producing two symmetries at the
      head-tail junction has in the past been an unsolved problem. The observation that
      the connector of bacteriophage T7 does not nucleate assembly of the outer shell
      of T7's icosahedral procapsid (P. Serwer and R. H. Watson [1982] J. Virol. 42,
      595-601) places a constraint on a solution for the above problem. To solve the
      above problem for icosahedral procapsids, it is proposed here that: (a) assembly
      of the outer shell of procapsids is nucleated by a six-membered ring of hexameric
      aggregates of the major outer shell protein, (b) the connector is assembled in
      the center of this ring, (c) one of the hexamers dissociates from the ring,
      creating a five-membered ring and forcing the connector to the inside of the
      outer shell. A related mechanism is proposed for nucleation of the elongated
      procapsid of bacteriophage T4.

PMID- 3695546
TI  - How probable are antibody cross-reactions?
AB  - Antibodies to polypeptides are increasingly being used in research. Their
      specificity and tight but reversible binding make them ideal for applications
      such as identification of proteins, immunological quantification or purification,
      and peptide mapping. Antibodies are also used in medicine to deliver loads to
      specific sites in tissues, and in electron microscopy as heavy metal conjugates
      to locate antigens in thin sections. While these techniques depend on specificity
      of antibody binding, it is occasionally observed that cross-reactions occur.
      These cross-reactions are attributed to the existence of one or more antibody
      binding sites common to both polypeptides. It is important to know whether these
      cross-reactions are expected due to chance alone, or if they are improbable and
      likely due to some causative agent. Examples of such causative agents might
      include gene duplication events or convergence due to functional constraints. At
      the present time, good methods for predicting the probability and therefore the
      frequency of cross-reactions are unavailable. In this paper we apply some
      recently reported mathematical results to address the following questions: (1)
      What is the probability that polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies raised against a
      given polypeptide will cross-react with another polypeptide due to chance alone?
      (2) What is the probability that polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies raised
      against a given polypeptide will cross-react with one or more polypeptides in a
      pool of polypeptides? Approximate answers to these questions are presented for
      cases where amino acid compositions of linear polypeptides are known or unknown,
      but the amino acid sequence of one or more of the polypeptides is not known.
      Implications of the results for antibody use in protein research are discussed.

PMID- 3695547
TI  - A structural comparison of type c lysozymes based on their hydropathic profiles.
AB  - Hydropathic profiles can be considered as an approach to the three-dimensional
      structure of a protein and so their use for comparison of homologous proteins is
      proposed, as they provide information on relative structural conservativeness. A
      simple approach was developed for comparison of hydropathic profiles and applied
      to 19 lysozymes c of known primary structure. Trees were constructed in order to
      discover which method yielded the best estimation of the phenotypic differences
      between the proteins considered, by means of the goodness-of-fit criterion.
      Iterative methods, such as the Fitch-and-Margoliash and the unweighted-pair-group
      methods, gave a better fit than did a non-iterative method. When the hydropathic
      approach is used for comparison of lysozymes c, the enzyme obtained from
      chachalaca egg-white is placed closer to those from pheasant-like birds than to
      those of ducks; this result agrees with the morphological resemblance of the
      chachalaca to pheasant-like birds. Pigeon egg-white and equine milk lysozymes
      differ greatly in sequence from other lysozymes c and their hydropathic analysis
      shows important differences with respect to the other homologous enzymes.

PMID- 3695548
TI  - Cell cycle controls in eukaryotic cells: a reply.

PMID- 3695550
TI  - When health means afternoon tea.

PMID- 3695549
TI  - Some speculations on prion protein replication and morphology.

PMID- 3695551
TI  - Nursing: turning points. Keynote address.

PMID- 3695552
TI  - Liability insurance update.

PMID- 3695553
TI  - Piscicidal plants of Nepal: preliminary toxicity screening using grass carp
      (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fingerlings.
AB  - A survey of traditional fishermen in Chitwan District of Nepal identified the
      native names of 97 species of plants believed to possess piscicidal properties.
      Ninety-two were collected and identified. Eighty-two of these were tested for
      toxicity using grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fingerlings (2-3 cm total
      length) as test organisms. Thirty-six species that killed the fingerlings within
      2 h at 1% (w/v) extract concentration or less were categorized as poisonous.
      Forty-six species did not kill fingerling even at 1% extract concentration within
      2 h.

PMID- 3695554
TI  - Biopharmaceutical studies on crude drug preparations. I: Permeation of paeonol in
      a decoction and dry extract of Paeonia suffruticosa root cortex using an
      absorption simulator.
AB  - The permeation behavior of paeonol, one active constituent of a crude Chinese
      drug called Moutan Cortex, through an artificial gastric lipid barrier was
      examined in vitro using an absorption simulator in order to clarify how the
      administered form influenced the bioavailability of paeonol from a crude
      preparation. Paeonol concentrations were determined by a high-performance liquid
      chromatographic method developed during this study. Paeonol showed greater
      permeation from artificial gastric juice into artificial plasma when it was
      applied as a decoction or freeze-dried extract of Moutan Cortex than when applied
      as purified paeonol alone.

PMID- 3695555
TI  - Effect of shosaikoto, a Japanese and Chinese traditional herbal medicinal
      mixture, on the mitogenic activity of lipopolysaccharide: a new pharmacological
      testing method.
AB  - Two in vitro experimental systems were compared to evaluate the pharmacological
      effects of Shosaikoto, a Japanese and Chinese traditional herbal medicinal
      mixture, on the mitogenic activity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using murine
      splenic cell culture. The first system involved the addition of serum obtained
      from mice treated orally with Shosaikoto while the second system involved the
      direct addition of Shosaikoto to the medium. Both systems were performed in
      parallel. Prednisolone decreased the mitogenic activity of LPS in a dose
      dependent manner in both experimental systems. On the other hand, the serum of
      mice pretreated with Shosaikoto increased the mitogenic activity of LPS with
      constant cell viability, although the serum showed no mitogenic activity in the
      experiment without LPS. When Shosaikoto was added to the medium directly at more
      conventional doses, the mitogenic activity of LPS was elevated with an increase
      of cell viability. In the experimental system without LPS, Shosaikoto itself
      showed mitogenic activity. In other experiments, the mitogenic action of LPS was
      investigated using spleen cells of mice orally pretreated with Shosaikoto for 7
      days. Mitogenic action of LPS was increased in the spleen cells of Shosaikoto
      treated mice compared with the control. However, in the same experimental system
      without LPS, mitogenic action was not recognized in the spleen cells of
      Shosaikoto-treated mice.

PMID- 3695556
TI  - Effects of extracts of Portulaca oleracea on skeletal muscle in vitro.
AB  - Extracts of Portulaca oleracea inhibited twitch tension due to direct (MS) and
      indirect electrical stimulation via the phrenic nerve (NS) of the rat
      hemidiaphragm muscle. The rank order of potency was dialysable extract greater
      than or equal to methanol extract greater than diethylether extract, although all
      exhibited equal efficacy. The non-dialysable extract did not inhibit twitch
      tension due to MS or NS. The dialysable, methanol and diethylether extracts
      inhibited tetanus tension, and attenuated the area under the K+- and caffeine
      induced contracture. The contracture induced by nicotinic agonists and K+ on the
      rectus abdominis muscle was significantly inhibited by these extracts.

PMID- 3695557
TI  - Effect of Brahmi Rasayan on the central nervous system.
AB  - Brahmi Rasayan, an Ayurvedic preparation, was studied in mice and rats for its
      effects on the central nervous system at oral doses ranging between 1 and 30
      g/kg. Observational screening in mice was carried out following a multiparametric
      check list. The test material was studied for its effect on pentobarbitone
      hypnosis, motor co-ordination, tail-withdrawal reaction time, electroshock,
      chemoconvulsions, haloperidol-induced catalepsy and conditioned avoidance
      response. The test material exhibited a sedative effect and significantly
      prolonged the hypnotic action of pentobarbitone. It produced a variable blockade
      of conditioned avoidance response. The presence of a significant antinociceptive
      effect, coupled with the ability of the test substance to offer protection
      against electroshock seizures and chemoconvulsions plus the ability to antagonize
      the haloperidol-induced catalepsy, suggests an involvement of the GABA-ergic
      system in the mediation of the central nervous system effects of Brahmi Rasayan.

PMID- 3695558
TI  - Structure and chemotherapeutical activity of a polyisoprenylated benzophenone
      from the stem bark of Garcinia huillensis.
AB  - The stem bark of Garcinia huillensis grown in Zaire and used in central-African
      traditional medicine has been subjected to a bioassay-guided fractionation. The
      chemotherapeutically active petroleum ether extract afforded fatty acids,
      aliphatic alcohols, triterpenes and a polyisoprenylated benzophenone, which was
      identified as garcinol, also named camboginol. This compound has been shown to
      exhibit chemotherapeutical activity gram-positive and gram-negative cocci,
      mycobacteria and fungi. On the other hand garcinol has been found to be inactive
      against gram-negative enteric bacilli, yeasts and viruses.

PMID- 3695560
TI  - Investigation into the mechanism of action of extracts of Portulaca oleracea.

PMID- 3695559
TI  - Use of khat in lactating women: a pilot study on breast-milk secretion.
AB  - Nor-pseudoephedrine, one of the active ingredients of khat (Catha edulis), was
      found to be excreted in breast-milk in several lactating women who were chewing
      the leaves of the shrub according to the local customs. The compound could be
      traced in the urine of one breast-fed infant. It is concluded that the use of
      khat during lactation should be discouraged until further research has clearly
      elucidated the potential health hazards.

PMID- 3695561
TI  - Preliminary clinical investigation into the muscle relaxant actions of an aqueous
      extract of Portulaca oleracea applied topically.

PMID- 3695562
TI  - Familial hairy cell leukemia.
AB  - A mother and son are reported who both developed hairy cell leukemia. The mother
      aged 74 presented with pancytopenia and responded well to splenectomy. Four years
      later her son aged 48 presented with pancytopenia; splenectomy was less effective
      but he improved after treatment with interferon-alpha. Histological examination
      of the splenic tissue in both cases showed changes characteristic of hairy cell
      leukemia. This is the third report of this rare disease occurring in family
      members.

PMID- 3695563
TI  - Magnetic affinity colloid (MAC) cell separation of leukemia cells from autologous
      bone marrow aspirates.
AB  - A colloidal suspension of Co2B with avidin irreversibly adsorbed to the surface
      has been used with biotinylated antibodies and lectins to eliminate specific cell
      populations from mixtures with peripheral blood or bone marrows. Using the
      monoclonal antibodies CF-1 and PM-81 with this magnetic affinity colloid (MAC),
      we can eliminate five logs of K562 cells from mixtures with peripheral blood or
      marrow cells as determined by a linear limiting dilution clonogenic assay. We
      have also used this separation to eliminate clonogenic leukemia cells from fresh
      samples of peripheral blood and bone marrow from relapsed acute leukemia
      patients. Using CF-1 alone or in combination with PM-81, we eliminated two logs
      of colonies and clusters of leukemia cells from the fresh samples. The same
      antibodies used with MAC separation of hematologically normal marrows allow
      recovery of greater than 30% of the hematopoietic progenitors.

PMID- 3695564
TI  - Induction of differentiation of the human leukemia cell line, KU812.
AB  - We treated KU812 cells from different passage levels with compounds which induce
      differentiation of other leukemic cell lines. Early passages contained small
      subpopulations of basophil and erythrocyte-like cells, but later passages
      consisted of more uniform cells with a myelomonocytic phenotype. When cultured
      with 1 nM actinomycin D, the cells became nonproliferative, developed pale
      cytoplasm and segmented nuclei, and lost nonspecific esterase activity. Thus,
      KU812 cells can be induced to mature to cells with a myelomonocytic phenotype.
      However, their expression of previously reported basophil characteristics
      diminishes with continued passage, and may be a capability of only a
      subpopulation of the cells.

PMID- 3695565
TI  - An economic anterograde axonal tracing method using Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin
      (PHA) P-form.
AB  - Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) has been demonstrated to be an
      excellent neuroanatomical anterograde tracer. So far there are relatively few
      applications of this technique, mainly due to the cost of the lectin. Instead of
      PHA-L, we have successfully used PHA-P, which is a crude and inexpensive form of
      PHA-L. The sensitivity of the present method, examined in the rat striatonigral
      pathway, is as high as that of the conventional method. Furthermore, a large
      amount of PHA-P, injected into the cat eye, demonstrated the retinofugal
      projection in detail.

PMID- 3695566
TI  - Mechanical slicing of frozen brain tissue: a reappraisal of catecholamine loss.
AB  - Catecholamine levels in mechanically sliced frozen bovine brain tissue were
      compared with those found in hand-cut, unfrozen tissue. Hemispheric content of
      catecholamines in small regions of cortex, caudate, nucleus accumbens, thalamus,
      and hippocampus in bovine brain was no different from that seen in the homologous
      area of the contralateral hemisphere, despite selective slicing of opposing
      hemispheres with the two techniques. Brodmann area 25 in human brain (previously
      suspected to be highly vulnerable to degradative loss of catecholamines by
      mechanical slicing) is shown to be a restricted area of dense catecholamine
      concentration when compared to surrounding cortical tissue. The usage of Brodmann
      area 25 for technique comparisons without precise control of cortical delineation
      is questioned.

PMID- 3695567
TI  - A reservoir model for repeated CSF access in the rabbit.
AB  - A simple, reliable and inexpensive subcutaneously implanted reservoir-catheter
      system method was developed for repeated sterile access to the rabbit brain
      ventricular system. The system provides an avenue for the repeated intrathecal
      administration of drugs and for the withdrawal of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
      Reservoirs were subcutaneously implanted under the scalp and connected to tubing
      inserted into the cisterna magna or the lateral ventricle. The systems
      successfully functioned in 38 of 41 animals (12 with cisternal magna catheters
      and 29 with lateral ventricle catheters), for up to 12 weeks following
      implantation. Patency of the systems were documented with X-rays and radiopaque
      injected contrast medium.

PMID- 3695568
TI  - A perfusion chamber for physiological studies with acutely dissociated neurons.
AB  - We describe a recording chamber that immobilizes acutely dissociated neurons on
      an ultra-fine mesh grid positioned above a moving stream of perfusate. This
      chamber is easily fabricated and has two attributes for single-electrode voltage
      clamp or patch-clamp recording: (1) shallow immersion (less than 20 micron) of
      the neurons, and (2) stable recording with rapid perfusion rates.

PMID- 3695569
TI  - Practical modelling of monopolar axonal stimulation.
AB  - Three models describing monopolar electrical stimulation of unmyelinated axons in
      large, uniformly conducting volumes are presented. The first is a representation
      of the axon as a continuous and straight electric cable of finite length with
      sealed ends. It has a power-series solution for the steady state which after
      truncation beyond the fifth term provides an accurate reflection of the imposed
      membrane potential for all parts of the axon except, under certain conditions,
      near terminals and directly opposite a closely apposed electrode. At these
      points, the inclusion of higher-order terms improves the accuracy quite slowly-
      11 terms are sometimes still unsatisfactory. The second is a steady-state
      solution, in terms of higher transcendental functions, for the point opposite the
      stimulating electrode in a similar but infinitely long cable. This turns out to
      be practical for estimating the membrane potential at the site of cathodal
      excitation under the majority of realistic geometrical and electrical parameters,
      and consequently complements the first method. It may be calculated with ease
      from mathematical tables. The third, a simulation of the cable by means of
      discrete electrical components (compartments), can give the complete distribution
      of membrane potential as a function of time with potentially unlimited accuracy.
      However, it takes special computer programs to set up and solve either the steady
      state determinant or, if transients are desired, the time-dependent differential
      equation. Calculation of the voltage distribution with one of the analytical
      methods will often be faster for a reasonable level of accuracy, since their
      algorithms are independent of the total number of points introduced.

PMID- 3695570
TI  - Intrapulpal nerve stimulation in the rat.
AB  - Electrical stimulation of the rat incisor pulp has been frequently used as a
      method to study the mechanisms of pain. However, several of the techniques used
      to stimulate nociceptive nerves in these teeth also tend to excite non
      nociceptive nerves in adjacent tissues. This report deals with the development
      and verification of a procedure which selectively stimulates pulpal nerves over a
      wide range of stimulus intensities. The methods consisted of placing electrodes
      in labial cavities of each of the two lower rat incisors, 1 mm distal to the
      level of the crest of the interdental papilla. Each cavity had a diameter of 0.5
      mm and a depth of about three-quarters fo the crown diameter. Each electrode
      consisted of a Ag/AgCl filling compacted onto the end of a 0.1 mm silver wire.
      Constant current stimuli were passed between the two electrodes. EMG was
      monitored to detect reflex activation of the digastric muscle in response to
      intradental or extradental afferent excitation. The response consisted of two
      components. One was a long latency potential (LLP) (37 ms latency) (89 microA ave
      TH); the other was a short latency potential (SLP) (12 ms latency) (650 microA
      min TH). In all animals that LLP was abolished by bilateral sectioning of the
      tooth pulp 7 mm below the level of the labial gingival margin. The SLP was not
      abolished. This would indicate that the LLP was due to stimulation of pulpal
      fibers, and the SLP to excitation of extrapulpal fibers. This may prove to be a
      helpful method for nociceptive researchers to easily verify that they are
      actually stimulating pulpal afferents.

PMID- 3695571
TI  - Analysis of frequency components in time series data.
AB  - We describe a method for assessing the periodic elements of variations in a time
      series and illustrate it with examples drawn from infant cardiac beat-to-beat
      intervals. Compared with averaging techniques, the procedure has the advantage of
      providing quantification of periodical elements in a non-stationary time series.
      Moreover, the procedure is robust to artifacts such as those which frequently
      contaminate beat-to-beat interval data. The method examines successive increments
      of the time-series plot, and when they become negative or positive, peaks and
      troughs are noted in the curve. Two successive troughs confine a wave which may
      be described by its amplitude and period. The set of all waves, terminated by the
      sequence of troughs, is defined as the "high-frequency component" of the series.
      Waves of the next low-frequency component are delineated when only the high
      frequency peaks (or troughs) are considered. Thus, low-frequency peaks are
      defined as peaks of the curve formed by the high-frequency peaks, and lower
      frequency troughs are the troughs of the curve formed by the high-frequency
      troughs. The process iterates to assess variations at lower and lower frequencies
      and any specific frequency component is being characterized by the median and
      interquartile range of its wave amplitudes and wave periods.

PMID- 3695572
TI  - A new rapid silver impregnation for neuronal bodies.
AB  - Frozen sections of avian and rat brains routinely fixed in 6% glutaraldehyde/2%
      paraformaldehyde and left in phosphate buffer for 1 month are cut at 15-20
      microns and collected in distilled water. Sections are placed in ammoniacal
      silver solution for 30 s, rinsed in 100% acetone and developed in a reducing
      solution at 75 degrees C. Sections are toned in 1% gold chloride solution and
      fixed in 50% sodium thiosulfate. After washing, the sections are dehydrated,
      cleared and mounted in the usual way for light microscopy.

PMID- 3695573
TI  - Patients' interests and clients' wishes: physicians and lawyers in discord.

PMID- 3695574
TI  - Cesareans and Samaritans.

PMID- 3695575
TI  - Federal regulations for fetal research: a case for reform.

PMID- 3695576
TI  - Reproduction without sex--but with the doctor.

PMID- 3695577
TI  - California's "AIDS confidentiality laws".

PMID- 3695578
TI  - The case against active voluntary euthanasia.

PMID- 3695579
TI  - Pediatric ethics committees: ethical advisers or legal watchdogs?

PMID- 3695580
TI  - Importance of body temperature in preclinical studies of blood-perfused
      artificial organ.

PMID- 3695581
TI  - The long-term evaluation of the biocompatibility of nine different haemodialysis
      membranes.

PMID- 3695582
TI  - Surgical aspects of permanent cardiac pacemakers.
AB  - This study discusses the surgical aspects of permanent cardiac pacemakers with
      reference to a ten-year review involving 628 procedures. The most suitable route
      for electrode placement was found to be subclavian vein puncture, access being
      achieved in 97% of cases. This method was however, associated with a small
      incidence of pneumothorax (1.4%) and haemothorax (0.9%). The commonest late
      complication is infection in spite of sterile technique and antibiotic
      prophylaxis. Experience with infected pacemakers suggest that the best line of
      management is complete removal of the system followed by delayed replacement once
      the infection has been eradicated. Pacemaker technology is constantly improving,
      providing both patient and physician with increasingly elaborate tools. In order
      to reap the benefit of these pacemakers, the data from this review demonstrates
      the need for meticulous technique in their insertion and an ability to deal with
      any complication promptly and adequately.

PMID- 3695583
TI  - Intra-aortic balloon pumping support in surgically treated valvular heart
      disease: prognostic factors and survival.
AB  - Prognostic factors of Low Output Syndrome (LOS) requiring operative circulatory
      support by intra-aortic balloon-pumping (IABP) counterpulsation, were analysed in
      a population of 841 patients who underwent heart valve replacement surgery
      between June 1977 and May 1985. The incidence of IABP circulatory support was
      6.8%. Mean survival time of patients who needed IABP was 2.35 years +/- 0.425 vs
      6.30 years +/- 0.103 for patients who didn't have this complication. A
      multivariate analysis using the logistic model was done to pinpoint factors
      predictive of IABP support. The prognostic factors were pre-operative functional
      class, presence of prior valve replacement, presence of concomitant surgery and
      presence of endocarditic etiology. The subgroup of 58 patients undergoing balloon
      counterpulsation was analysed for factors predictive of survival using a
      multivariate analysis of the Cox' model. Presence of aortic or mitral
      regurgitation was found to be the independent risk factor of mortality. Using a
      combination of prognostic factors, we pinpointed groups of patients at high risk
      of needing post-operative balloon pump counterpulsation support. The necessity of
      an alternative procedure for the mechanical support of the failing circulation is
      underlined.

PMID- 3695584
TI  - Rotary pump artificial heart: a new system for circulatory assistance or heart
      replacement.

PMID- 3695585
TI  - Rationale of filtration enhancement in membrane plasmapheresis by pulsatile blood
      flow.
AB  - It has been demonstrated in our laboratory that blood flow pulsations enhance
      plasma filtration rate by 30-60 per cent. The increase in plasmafiltration over
      the steady flow value is found to be a function of the parameter F. delta V'/QB
      where F denotes the pulsation frequency, delta V' the volume amplitude of pulsed
      blood in the filter and QB is the time mean blood flow. The increment in plasma
      filtration may be related to the increase in time-mean absolute value of shear
      rate.

PMID- 3695586
TI  - High efficiency plasmapheresis using rotating membrane device.
AB  - We report here an experimental investigation of the effects of inlet blood
      pressure and rotation speed on the performance of a rotating membrane device for
      plasmapheresis commercialized by Hemascience. The good performance of this device
      can be explained by a combination of high shear rate, centrifugation of red cells
      and platelets away from the membrane and large secondary flows.

PMID- 3695587
TI  - Choice of replacement fluid for plasma exchange.

PMID- 3695589
TI  - Transportation of liquid nitrogen-stored bone marrow at dry ice temperatures.

PMID- 3695588
TI  - The 5q-- deletion: correlation of breakpoints with the immunophenotype of
      leukemic blast cells.
AB  - Cytogenetic and immunologic features of 13 patients with the 5q- deletion with
      the diagnosis of acute leukemia, either as the blastic transformation of a
      typical 5q- syndrome or myeloproliferative disorder or as a de novo presentation,
      were studied. Variable 5q- breakpoints were identified: The common interstitial
      deletion at q13q33 was found in nine cases, and a terminal deletion at q13, q22,
      q22, q31, respectively, was found in four cases, two of which had unbalanced
      translocations. A comparison of 5q- breakpoints with the blast cell
      immunophenotype indicated an association of myeloid and TdT+/myeloid leukemias
      with interstitial deletions and of monoblastic phenotypes with terminal
      deletions.

PMID- 3695591
TI  - Further studies on the induction of omicron-pyrocatechuic acid carboxylyase in
      aging cultures of Aspergillus ornatus.
AB  - The phenomenon of enzyme induction in aging cultures of Aspergillus ornatus was
      examined under various conditions of culture and induction. Under standard
      conditions of culture on buffered-defined medium and 6 h induction with 0.1%
      tryptophan, the tryptophan-inducible specific activity of the enzyme omicron
      pyrocatechuic acid carboxylyase decreased 50% with age while the uninduced level
      of that enzyme remained constant. Increasing the induction time to 10 h allowed
      the specific activity of the enzyme from older mats to reach the level of the
      younger mats, which were not affected by increased exposure time to tryptophan.
      This effect was also achieved by increasing the concentration of the inducer to
      1.0%. The effectual concentration of tryptophan, that body of inducer that
      actually entered the cell, did not change with age, but the incorporation of
      labeled tryptophan into de novo protein synthesis was depressed from 23 to 35% in
      older mats.

PMID- 3695590
TI  - Polyamine changes during senescence and tumorogenesis in plants.
AB  - Putrescine, spermidine, spermine and two unknowns designated as A and B were
      detected in first seedling leaves of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. Wolfe). The
      levels of these polyamines in first seedling leaves from 4-day-old barley plants
      grown in darkness or in light were comparable and did not change significantly
      after exposure of dark grown plants to light for 24 h. No significant consistent
      changes in the amounts of above polyamines, except perhaps decline in spermidine,
      were noted during senescence of intact or excised first seedling leaves of barley
      and this spermidine decline was suppressed during retardation of senescence of
      excised leaves by 10 mg/l kinetin in the dark. In addition, putrescine,
      spermidine, spermine, cadaverine and diaminopropane (0.2 mM, 1 mM, 10 mM) had no
      effect on senescence of excised barley leaves in the dark and both spermine and
      spermidine induced bleaching of the leaves in the light. Both spermine and
      spermidine (approx. 10 mM) inhibited RNase and DNase activities but stimulated
      phosphodiesterase activity (assayed with bis-p-nitrophenyl phosphate as
      substrate) in crude soluble extracts from barley leaves. Purified snake venom
      phosphodiesterase activity assayed with RNA as substrate was, however, stimulated
      by 300-400% by 7-14 mM spermine or spermidine indicating similar possibilities
      for barley phosphodiesterase. These results together with the presence of
      multiple species of these enzymes and a decline in net soluble RNase and DNase
      activities during senescence in barley leaves reported previously, make it
      unlikely that inhibition of RNase activity in vitro by polyamines could be
      correlated with their effect on senescence. Putrescine, spermidine and spermine
      were detected in normal and crown gall tumor tissue cultures of tobacco
      (Nicotiana tabacum var Wisconsin 38) and in tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-infected
      freshly excised pith tissue from tobacco which represented non-proliferating
      tissue. The level of all three polyamines was several-fold higher in cultured
      tissues compared to the non-dividing freshly excised pith tissue and the tumor
      cultures had several-fold higher spermidine and putrescine respectively compared
      to normal tissue cultures. These results indicate high levels of polyamines in
      growing tissues but no consistent pivotal changes in polyamines during
      senescence. The results also do not support polyamines being natural anti
      senescent compounds in plants or that their anti-senescent compounds effect could
      result from inhibition of RNase activity.

PMID- 3695593
TI  - Mechanical properties of native and reconstituted rat tail tendon collagen upon
      maturation in vitro.
AB  - Native and reconstituted rat tail tendon collagen were tested mechanically after
      in vitro maturation by incubation. The mechanical strength of the native tendons
      increased upon incubation and attained maximum strength values similar to those
      of tendons matured and aged in vivo. This finding indicates that the same
      stabilizing process occurs both in vivo and in vitro. However, the mechanical
      strength values similar to those of tendons matured and aged in vivo. This
      finding indicates that the same stabilizing process occurs both in vivo and in
      vitro. However, the mechanical strength increased at an initial higher rate in
      vitro than in vivo. The mechanical strength of fibrils reconstituted from
      purified tail tendon collagen increased during incubation in air as previously
      reported for fibrils prepared from skin collagen. Fibrils prepared from tail
      tendon and skin collagen shared common mechanical and thermal stability
      characteristics upon the incubation. However, distinct qualitative mechanical
      characteristics for fibrils of the two collagens were found. These
      characteristics showed a resemblance to those of the respective source tissues.
      The results indicate that the same process is responsible for the gain in
      mechanical strength of native tissues and reconstituted collagen fibrils. Thus,
      reconstituted collagen fibrils seem a useful model for studying mechanical
      stability changes during maturation of collagen.

PMID- 3695592
TI  - Protective effect of glucose on the anoxic myocardium of old and young mice.
AB  - To compare the function of old and young hearts contracting under identical
      conditions, isolated hearts of young and old C57BL/6J mice were perfused using a
      Langendorff preparation. During a 3-min period of anoxia some hearts showed a
      decrease in systolic pressure, while other hearts developed contracture. The
      incidence and magnitude of contracture was greater in the old hearts and they
      also showed a significantly larger decline in contractility. Increasing the
      glucose concentration improved the performance of both age groups but the
      performance of the old hearts was still inferior to that of the young. The
      glycogen content and utilization were virtually the same in the two age groups.
      When iodoacetate was added, all hearts developed contracture and the magnitude of
      the contracture was greater than in the absence of iodoacetate; during the period
      of reoxygenation, the young hearts recovered but, the old hearts developed a
      second contracture. A brief period of anoxia is more debilitating to old C57BL/6J
      hearts than to young ones.

PMID- 3695594
TI  - Monitoring heart and respiratory activity by impedance change using neck
      electrodes.

PMID- 3695595
TI  - Frequency-dependent reflection from mechanical discontinuities.

PMID- 3695596
TI  - Microcomputer system for long-term ambulatory pH recording.

PMID- 3695597
TI  - Programmable visual display for diagnosing, assessing and rehabilitating
      unilateral neglect.

PMID- 3695598
TI  - Surgically implantable, crystal-controlled, temperature telemetry transmitter.

PMID- 3695599
TI  - Pulsatile blood flow in a stenosed artery--a theoretical model.

PMID- 3695600
TI  - Tape-speed stability of Medilog recorders.

PMID- 3695601
TI  - Pulsatile blood flow in an arterial bifurcation: numerical solution.

PMID- 3695602
TI  - Design and analysis of quantised coefficient digital filters: application to
      biomedical signal processing with microprocessors.

PMID- 3695603
TI  - Reliable and efficient deconvolution technique based on total linear least
      squares for calculating the renal retention function.

PMID- 3695604
TI  - Microprocessor-based cardiopulmonary rate monitor.

PMID- 3695605
TI  - Running spectrum analysis as an aid in the representation and interpretation of
      electrogastrographic signals.

PMID- 3695606
TI  - Performance of a pH monitoring system in vivo.

PMID- 3695607
TI  - Traffic-alarm sound monitor for aurally handicapped drivers.

PMID- 3695608
TI  - A biphasic pulse burst generator for afferent nerve stimulation.

PMID- 3695609
TI  - Some physical aspects of the medical jet injector.

PMID- 3695610
TI  - Microprocessor-based data acquisition and online processing system for studying
      control of breathing.

PMID- 3695611
TI  - Experimental set-up for long-term intracellular measurements on contracting
      isolated hearts.

PMID- 3695612
TI  - Spectral analysis of atrial and venous pressure waves: methods and results.

PMID- 3695613
TI  - Estimation of the conduction velocity of muscle action potentials using phase and
      impulse response function techniques.

PMID- 3695614
TI  - New spectral detection and elimination test algorithms of ECG and EOG artefacts
      in neonatal EEG recordings.

PMID- 3695615
TI  - General method for describing and extrapolating monotonic transients and its
      application to respiratory mechanics.

PMID- 3695616
TI  - Effect of valve closure time on the determination of respiratory resistance by
      flow interruption.

PMID- 3695617
TI  - Automatic acoustic stimulation system for nonstress foetal state evaluation.

PMID- 3695618
TI  - Orthogonal electrocardiogram derived from the limb and chest electrodes of the
      conventional 12-lead system.

PMID- 3695619
TI  - Measurement of regional cardiac fibrillation thresholds.

PMID- 3695620
TI  - Quasi-steady-state compartmental model of intracranial fluid dynamics.

PMID- 3695621
TI  - Numerical study of turbulent blood flow through a caged-ball prosthetic heart
      valve using a boundary-fitted co-ordinate system.

PMID- 3695622
TI  - Modelling and representation of myocardial perfusion images for the evaluation of
      diagnostic properties.

PMID- 3695623
TI  - Microprocessor-based left ventricular cineangiogram analyser.

PMID- 3695624
TI  - Device for measuring the force required to close a surgical wound.

PMID- 3695625
TI  - Application of the Richardson extrapolation in simulation studies of EEGs.

PMID- 3695626
TI  - VIPER II, an improved parallel processor for real-time calculation of inner
      products.

PMID- 3695627
TI  - Phase distortion in biological signal analysis caused by linear phase FIR
      filters.

PMID- 3695628
TI  - Analysis of gaseous exchange in open-circuit indirect calorimetry.

PMID- 3695629
TI  - Capitation for medical care. The importance of health status in older patients.

PMID- 3695630
TI  - The urban environment and its impact on primary care.

PMID- 3695631
TI  - Improving house staff ordering of three common laboratory tests. Reductions in
      test ordering need not result in underutilization.
AB  - Most studies of modifying test ordering have focused on costs. Questions not
      addressed are whether programs to reduce testing lead to a higher proportion of
      clinically indicated tests and is underutilization an adverse outcome of such
      programs? To investigate this, we studied the house staff's ordering of three
      common laboratory tests at baseline and after educational and administrative
      interventions. Over a 2-year period, 3,603 urine cultures, sputum cultures, and
      admission urinalyses were reviewed. A lecture emphasizing the indications for
      these tests followed by chart audit and weekly feedback increased the proportion
      of clinically indicated tests. Subsequently, an administrative intervention
      requiring the intern to list the reason for ordering the test on the laboratory
      request form further improved test ordering. Underutilization, defined as a
      failure to order a potentially indicated test, was assessed during two
      representative periods. The "underutilization rate" (omitted tests per 100
      patients) was no worse during maximal intervention than it was 9 months after the
      last intervention (7.7 vs. 11.1, NS). No immediate adverse consequences resulted
      from tests not ordered. Our findings indicate that it may be possible to
      selectively reduce the ordering of unnecessary tests without sacrificing quality
      of care.

PMID- 3695632
TI  - An explanatory model of older persons' use of dental services. Implications for
      health policy.
AB  - With increasing numbers of people keeping their teeth into their later years,
      regular dental care should be a health behavior practiced by all older persons.
      National surveys show, however, that older people use dental services at a much
      lower rate than other age groups. Even when low-cost dental services are
      provided, a significant number of eligible elderly do not seek dental care. A
      survey was conducted among 116 elderly utilizers of low-cost dental services and
      142 comparable elderly who had not sought care in 3 or more years. Andersen and
      Newman's (1973) model was expanded in include attitudes as predisposing factors.
      The revised model explained 32% of variance in dental utilization; perceived need
      and two components of attitudes were among the eight significant variables. A
      follow-up of nonutilizers 6 months later revealed that 27.4% had subsequently
      sought dental care. The best predictors of the decision to seek care were
      attitudinal variables, accounting for 21% of the variance. Implications for
      planning dental services for low-income elderly, developing health education
      programs, and policies are discussed.

PMID- 3695633
TI  - A segmentational analysis of prescription drug information seeking.
AB  - Drug information-seeking proclivities were examined using data from a telephone
      survey of 835 individuals who had obtained new outpatient prescriptions within
      the previous 4 weeks. Factor analytic and clustering techniques were used to
      segment patients based on the source and nature of drug information received in
      conjunction with the prescription. A four-cluster solution appeared to represent
      the most stable, distinct, yet homogeneous solution for the data. The groups were
      named "physician reliant" (40%), "pharmacist reliant" (19%), "questioners" (7%),
      and "uniformed" (34%). The four groups were compared for demographic,
      situational, and attitudinal differences. The physician-reliant group appeared
      most satisfied with the direct counseling of the doctor. Although this group may
      have sought additional information, the information appeared to reinforce the
      physician's directions. The pharmacist-reliant group often obtained prescriptions
      at independent pharmacies and tended not to rely on magazines or reference books
      for additional information. The questioners were often taking multiple
      medications. This group tended to seek out reference information from
      nonprofessional sources and reported several barriers to seeking information from
      professionals. The uninformed group was the oldest, tended to receive little
      information, and was more likely than the other groups to agree that one need not
      ask questions if one trusts the doctor. Different types of patient education
      programs were recommended as appropriate for each of the four groups.
      Motivational messages directed to the uninformed segment appeared to be the
      largest unmet need in patient-oriented prescription drug education.

PMID- 3695634
TI  - Self-care and self-medication. An evaluation of individuals' health care
      decisions.
AB  - A panel of six experienced general practitioners evaluated the actions taken by
      340 respondents who had experienced a minor symptom or condition in the 2 weeks
      prior to interview. In only 2% of cases were the actions taken assessed as
      inappropriate and potentially harmful. The use of leftover prescription medicines
      was most often disapproved of by the panel. The panel did not agree about the use
      of home remedies and over-the-counter medicines. Discriminant analysis was used
      to describe the profile of respondents whose actions the panel considered either
      appropriate or inappropriate.

PMID- 3695635
TI  - Does hospital diversification improve financial outcomes?
AB  - Service or product diversification is a popular recommendation made to hospitals
      to increase profitability and reduce financial risk as they face a more hostile
      environment. This paper presents results from an empirical study of these claims.
      Using data from all California nonprofit hospitals, the study finds that
      diversification, regardless of whether it is related or unrelated to preexisting
      services, is not associated with either increased profitability or reduced
      financial risk. However, other variables that do have these effects are
      identified in the research. Future research should evaluate the effect of both
      the size of and the length of time since the initial diversifying investment on
      financial variables.

PMID- 3695636
TI  - Effects of modeling on patient communication, satisfaction, and knowledge.
AB  - This experimental study investigated the efficacy of two modeling procedures on
      enhancing patient communication. A pretreatment interview assessed knowledge,
      assertiveness, and other concomitant variables. A total of 150 subjects were
      randomly assigned to one of three treatment conditions. The two modeling
      conditions were videotaped presentations of a health educator interacting with a
      patient (i.e., model) who either asked questions or revealed problems. The
      control videotape included only the educator's presentation; no patient was
      shown. A subsequent standardized face-to-face patient education session was used
      to assess the impact of the intervention on patient communicative behaviors. A
      posttreatment interview assessed knowledge and satisfaction. Subjects who viewed
      a modeling videotape spoke more than subjects who viewed a control videotape. The
      bulk of our findings indicated that a question-asking model was generally more
      effective than a disclosive model in eliciting communicative behaviors. Knowledge
      scores were found to increase after the intervention, regardless of subjects'
      verbal participation. Subjects in either of the modeling conditions who spoke
      more indicated higher affective satisfaction.

PMID- 3695637
TI  - The effects of differences in state drug product selection laws on pharmacists'
      substitution behavior.
AB  - The objective of this project was to examine and quantify the effects of specific
      requirements of state drug product selection (DPS) laws on pharmacists' generic
      drug substitution practices. The specific requirements on which state laws differ
      included, for example, whether the law mandated or simply allowed DPS, whether
      some type of formulary was required, and whether pharmacists were required to
      pass on cost savings to consumers. Data on state DPS laws were found in the
      National Association of Boards of Pharmacy's annual Surveys of Pharmacy Law and
      by contacting state boards of pharmacy. Estimates of state substitution rates
      were provided by IMS, America. Multiple regression analysis was employed to
      estimate the effects of legal requirements on substitution rates. Results
      indicated that substitution was more prevalent in states that did not require
      additional record keeping and in those that did require patient consent prior to
      substitution. The relationship between formulary restrictions, requirements
      regarding the passing on of savings, and liability limiting laws and substitution
      rates differed significantly between those states that required a two-line
      prescription form and those allowing use of one-line forms. Three nonlegal
      variables--time the DPS law had been in effect, percent of generic prescribing in
      the state, and mean pharmacist age--were also associated with substitution rates.

PMID- 3695638
TI  - Efficacy of a brief psychosocial intervention for symptoms of stress and distress
      among patients in primary care.
AB  - Psychosocial problems and symptoms of emotional distress play a prominent role in
      patients reporting to primary care settings. Interpersonal counseling (IPC) was
      developed as a brief psychosocial intervention for patients with stress and
      distress to be administered by nurse practitioners in a primary care setting. The
      results of a pilot study indicate more rapid reduction of symptoms and
      improvement in emotional symptoms and psychosocial functioning in the IPC group
      than in a comparison group with initially elevated scores on the General Health
      Questionnaire. The priorities for further testing are discussed, and possible
      implications for service delivery are explored.

PMID- 3695639
TI  - Gender differences in the acquisition of prescribed drugs: an epidemiological
      study.
AB  - It is often assumed that women received more prescribed drugs because they have
      different attitudes towards illness and medical care, higher anxiety and more
      time to visit physicians, or because physicians are biased. This study examines
      an alternative explanation, that is, much of the excess is associated with
      women's reproductive role. The study involved a detailed audit of the medical and
      pharmacy records of 862 men and women. Results showed that women received more
      prescribed drugs during the 2-year study period. However, the differences between
      men and women were not the same for all age groups. As expected, the differences
      were most apparent during the peak child-bearing years. Further analysis showed
      that the gender differences were virtually eliminated after excluding women with
      female-specific diagnoses and excluding the drug categories used to prevent or
      treat female-specific conditions. Previous studies based on gross measures of
      self-reported drug use seem to have underestimated the importance of factors that
      relate to women's reproductive role.

PMID- 3695640
TI  - Differences in patient characteristics between Veterans Administration and
      community hospitals. Implications for VA planning.

PMID- 3695641
TI  - Seeking help for psychologic problems. A replication and extension.
AB  - Patterns of seeking help for psychologic problems were investigated using
      interview and medical record data in a representative community sample and a
      sample of mental health clinic users from the same eligible population. In
      multivariate analyses, users of psychiatric services, compared with nonusers,
      were significantly younger, more likely to be separated or divorced, more
      psychologically distressed, and physically symptomatic. They were also more
      likely to use a large multispecialty clinic, compared with satellite clinics, and
      less likely to have membership in the prepaid medical plan established by the
      multispecialty clinic. Users had a greater reported propensity to seek help for
      anxiety and were more likely to know other mental health services users.
      Confiding social support was not significantly associated with use of mental
      health services, controlling for psychologic symptoms. Substantial social
      selection in seeking help was evident at both high and low levels of psychologic
      distress. Mental health users, compared with nonusers, reported more of most
      types of symptoms studied, except withdrawal, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and
      alcohol consumption. Particular social characteristics and symptoms were
      associated with seeking help in general and other characteristics were more
      specifically linked to choice of a particular provider.

PMID- 3695642
TI  - Characteristics of nurse anesthetists working with and without anesthesiologists.
AB  - All professionally active certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNAs) in four
      geographically representative states were surveyed by mail and telephone in 1981,
      and response rate of greater than or equal to 70% was obtained for each state.
      CRNAs who worked with anesthesiologists (Group I) were compared with those who
      worked in hospitals with no anesthesiologists (Group II). More than 75% of both
      groups were employed by hospitals, but Group II CRNAs (15.5% of respondents) were
      nearly five times as likely to practice on an independent, fee-for-service basis.
      Members of Group II worked predominantly in hospitals in small or rural
      communities and, compared with those in Group I, were more likely to be male and
      older, less likely to hold a baccalaureate degree, and less likely to use
      invasive monitoring techniques. Nearly 50% of Group II had no standing consulting
      relationship with an anesthesiologist. A consultation network supported by
      telecommunications deserves consideration as a means of providing CRNAs who work
      independently in small rural hospitals with a cost-effective team approach to
      anesthesia care.

PMID- 3695643
TI  - Factors influencing frequency and appropriateness of utilization of the emergency
      room by the elderly.
AB  - The authors analyzed predictors of the frequency and appropriateness of
      utilization of an emergency room by a random sample of 75 noninstitutionalized
      persons aged 65 years and older in a large city in Canada, using the Andersen and
      Newman model of medical care utilization as a framework. The total amount of
      variance explained in the frequency of utilization (47%) exceeded that explained
      by other studies of utilization of various health services by the elderly.
      Attitude toward health care, prior experience with the hospital system, and
      number of sources of health care were important predictors of the frequency of
      presentation to the emergency room. Almost one half (46.7%) were appropriate
      users; younger age and prior experience were important predictors of
      appropriateness of use. The results suggest that the elderly are more appropriate
      users of the emergency room than younger persons; educational interventions by
      family physicians could contribute to further improvement.

PMID- 3695644
TI  - Ownership and performance: the case of outpatient mental health clinics.
AB  - Policy analysts and researchers have been concerned with the growth and impact of
      for-profit institutions providing health care services. Research results to date
      have been mixed on the effect of ownership on quality and cost to payers.
      Equivocal findings may be due, in part, to measurement limitations inherent in
      facility-level data. This study reports results from a homogeneously insured
      population receiving outpatient mental health care at proprietary and nonprofit
      clinics. Data are claims on behalf of 30,000 covered individuals served at 223
      clinics. Controls for case mix and other variables permit isolation of the impact
      of form of ownership. Using regression analysis, the authors find that payments
      to proprietary clinics exceeded payments to private nonprofit clinics by 27%,
      public clinics by 19%, and religious clinics by 17%. All differences were
      significant. This finding suggests that proprietary clinics are on average more
      commercially oriented than nonprofit facilities.

PMID- 3695645
TI  - Predicting readmission in veterans with chronic disease. Development and
      validation of discharge criteria.

PMID- 3695646
TI  - Social Security disability determinations. Knowledge and attitudes of
      consultative physicians.
AB  - Social Security spends $135 million yearly, contracting with physicians to
      provide consultative examinations for disability applicants. However, little is
      known about who these physicians are or how they view the determination of
      impairment. We surveyed a random sample of 153 physicians from North Carolina who
      performed consultative examinations for the North Carolina Disability
      Determinations Agency in 1983 (the consultative group), and a randomly selected
      group of 165 physicians of similar medical specialties (the comparison group).
      Response rates were 75% for the consultative group and 66% for the comparison
      group. Most consultative physicians (63%) performed fewer than 6 examinations per
      month. Characteristics of the consultative physicians were similar to the
      comparison group. Both groups were skeptical of the claims of disability
      applicants; 48% of the consultative and 55% of the comparison group thought that
      a majority of applicants could be employed. Of the consultative physicians, 53%
      indicated that they had learned little about disability programs from any source.
      Most consultative physicians (58%) judged it "almost impossible" to determine
      impairment on the basis of a single office examination. However, consultative
      physicians were less likely than the comparison group to view Social Security as
      difficult to work with (25% vs. 54%; P less than 0.01). Agencies that determine
      disability ask physicians to perform a task for which they feel ill prepared and
      have little special knowledge.

PMID- 3695647
TI  - Effects of reducing physical therapy services on outcomes in total joint
      arthroplasty.
AB  - A natural experiment provided an opportunity to determine whether physical
      therapy (PT) service reduction would affect the outcomes of total joint
      arthroplasty. A sample of 200 patients with rheumatoid arthritis or
      osteoarthritis who underwent total hip or total knee replacement during
      successive reduction of services was randomly selected. The demographic and
      clinical characteristics of patients in each period were similar. Despite large
      differences between groups in hours of PT per patient, there were no major
      differences in length of stay between the groups, or compared to similar
      hospitals, functional status at discharge, or numbers of surgical complications.
      Implications for health services organization are discussed.

PMID- 3695648
TI  - The chemistry laboratory. Development of average, fixed, and variable costs for
      incorporation into a management control system.
AB  - In order to estimate real cost savings achievable from reductions in laboratory
      test volume and in order to provide a management tool to help achieve such
      savings, we developed a management system for our chemistry laboratory. The
      system estimates the fixed costs (i.e., equipment, direct overhead, and indirect
      overhead costs), the variable costs (i.e., labor and supplies), and the total
      costs for each of the 81 tests performed in our hospital's chemistry laboratory.
      A monthly management report compares predicted changes in total variable costs
      (based on test volume) to actual variable cost changes. One useful insight from
      the system is that substantial savings may be realized from reducing low-volume,
      high-variable cost tests that are not normally the target of test-reducing
      strategies. The savings per test not ordered was estimated to be $5.24 for the
      low-volume, high-variable cost tests but only $0.45 for the high-volume, low
      variable cost tests, nearly a 12-fold difference. A 10% volume reduction of the
      former (a reduction of only 6,400 tests annually) would achieve 63% of the
      savings from a 10% volume reduction of the latter (a reduction of 120,000 tests
      annually). An effective management reporting system, which tracks actual cost
      savings, is probably necessary to achieve these savings.

PMID- 3695649
TI  - A model for physician utilization within 2 weeks. Analysis of Norwegian data.
AB  - This study considers Norwegian physician utilization to be determined by need,
      enabling, and predisposing variables. The main issue is whether factors aside
      from need create any differences in physician use. In this article, we analyze
      the number of contacts with physicians in a period of 2 weeks. We consider models
      for a first contact and follow-up contacts with physicians. Physician utilization
      in the 2-week period is studied by logistic regression models for a person's
      first contact and follow-up contacts with physicians. The number of follow-up
      contacts is analyzed by a simple regression model. Because the total number of
      physician contacts is the sum of a first visit and the number of follow-up
      contacts, we are able to study the effect of the need, enabling, and predisposing
      variables related to the total number of contacts with physicians.

PMID- 3695650
TI  - Inter-area variations in age-adjusted health status.
AB  - Data from the 1980 to 1981 National Health Interview Survey on morbidity,
      principally bed-disability days, was age standardized and indexed by region of
      the United States and metropolitan and nonmetropolitan residence within region.
      There were substantial differences in both age-specific and age-adjusted
      morbidity by place of residence. Age-specific hospital days as a percent of bed
      disability days also showed striking differences by geographic area. Age- and
      morbidity-adjusted data on hospital use for the 31 largest standard metropolitan
      statistical areas (SMSAs) add considerably to the little information available on
      inter-city differences in health status and hospital use. Indirectly age
      standardized data for the 31 SMSAs show large variations in both bed-disability
      days and the proportion of such days occurring in hospitals. These data seriously
      challenge the premise that age is a reliable proxy for health status when
      comparing hospital (or surgical) use of populations residing in different locales
      (e.g., small area variations in health care use). Dependence on age instead of
      health status to identify high and low hospital use areas will systematically
      favor areas where the population has low morbidity (age adjusted) and be adverse
      to areas that have high morbidity.

PMID- 3695651
TI  - Population illness rates do not explain population hospitalization rates. A
      comment on Mark Blumberg's thesis that morbidity adjusters are needed to
      interpret small area variations.

PMID- 3695652
TI  - Effects of an expanding home care program for the terminally ill.
AB  - This study was a quasi-experimental time series design to test the hypothesis
      that an expanded program of home care for the terminally ill would reduce
      hospital utilization and costs of care during the last month of life. The data
      base was derived by comparing cancer deaths in persons less than 65 years of age
      over a 7-year period from a regional tumor registry against Blue Cross enrollment
      and claims files, to form claims histories for the last 6 months of life for
      1,874 decedents who had made at least one claim during this period. Forty-six
      percent (46%) of the decedents had used home-care services, and a subgroup of
      high-intensity users was identified from daily home care charges during the last
      month of life. As the home care program expanded to provide more intensive home
      hospice services, a trend was observed of greater cost savings among home-care
      users than among nonusers. These savings among users were achieved by a reduction
      in hospital days, and by a reduction in the mean daily cost of hospitalization.
      Home-care users also showed significantly less variability in costs than
      nonusers.

PMID- 3695653
TI  - Task versus socioemotional behaviors in physicians.
AB  - This paper investigates associations among physicians' task-oriented and
      socioemotional behaviors during the medical encounter. The study is an analogue,
      using as source data the audiotapes and transcripts of two standardized patient
      cases presented by trained patient simulators to 43 primary care practitioners.
      Transcripts were scored for physician proficiency and were content-analyzed to
      assess the process of communication and information content. Physicians' speech
      errors were counted, and vocal affect ratings were made of filtered audiotape
      excerpts. Physician communications reflected by these measures were classified as
      task-oriented or socioemotional. Findings indicated: 1) Most aspects of physician
      style were reliable across visits. 2) Physicians adopted either a patient
      oriented or a physician-oriented approach to task performance, as characterized
      by giving information and counseling versus giving directions and asking
      questions, respectively. 3) Verbal and nonverbal socioemotional measures were not
      related. 4) Physicians tended to adopt either a style characterized by
      information-giving and proficiency or a social orientation with patients. 5)
      Physicians who were more medically informative had more interested and anxious
      voices compared with the less informative physicians. Thus, although the more
      medically informative physicians spent less time making socioemotional
      utterances, they had a voice quality that may compensate for that neglect.

PMID- 3695654
TI  - Relations between physicians' behaviors and analogue patients' satisfaction,
      recall, and impressions.
AB  - This paper investigates associations between physicians' task-oriented and
      socioemotional behaviors, on the one hand, and analogue patients' satisfaction,
      recall of information, and global impressions. The study is based on role-playing
      subjects' responses to interactions between physicians and simulated patients.
      Audiotapes of two standardized patient cases presented by trained patient
      simulators to 43 primary care physicians were rated by role-playing patients (N =
      258), and electronically filtered excerpts from the encounters were rated for
      vocal affect by 37 independent judges. Content analysis was made of the visits'
      transcripts to assess interaction process and to identify all medical information
      communicated. Finally, speech error rate was calculated from a combination of
      audiotape and transcript. Findings revealed that role-playing patients clearly
      distinguished task from socioemotional behaviors of the physicians, and a
      consistent pattern of association emerged between physicians' task behaviors and
      role-playing patients' satisfaction, recall, and impressions. Within the task
      domain, patient-centered skills (i.e., giving information and counseling) were
      consistently related to patient effects in a positive direction, but physician
      centered behaviors (i.e., giving directions and asking questions) demonstrated
      the opposite relationship. A negative pattern of association was also evident
      between physicians' socioemotional behaviors and patient effects.

PMID- 3695656
TI  - Sensitivity to change and the effect of mode of administration on health status
      measurement.
AB  - A measure of global health status, the McMaster Health Index Questionnaire
      (MHIQ), was assessed to determine two important measurement properties related to
      its reliability and validity--sensitivity to change and the effect of mode of
      administration. Ninety-six patients in a physiotherapy clinic were randomly
      assigned to three mode-of-administration study groups, administered the MHIQ at
      four points in time including at admission and discharge from the clinic, and
      assessed for change by their physiotherapist. MHIQ physical function, social
      function, and emotional function retest scores obtained by self-completion within
      a 1-week interval were most stable. Physical function scores by any of self
      completion, telephone interview, or personal interview were sensitive to change,
      that is, they improved dramatically by the time of discharge from the clinic.
      Mode of administration did not affect the size of the change scores. Changes
      reflected by the physical function scores correlated with changes in physical
      function reported by a patient's physiotherapist. No systematic changes occurred
      with social and emotional function scores; this is not surprising in a group of
      patients with predominantly physical function problems.

PMID- 3695655
TI  - The use of medical resources by residency-trained family physicians and general
      internists. Is there a difference?
AB  - This study compared the use of medical resources by recently trained family
      physicians and general internists. Analyses are based on records of 3,737 adult
      office encounters with 132 family physicians and 2,250 adult office encounters
      with 102 general internists. General internists are twice as likely as family
      physicians to order blood tests, blood counts, chest x-rays, and
      electrocardiograms for their adult patients. Internists also spend more time with
      patients, and refer and hospitalize them at slightly higher rates. The different
      practice styles of general internists and family physicians were evident for
      adult patients of all ages and for patients with essential benign hypertension.
      The average per visit charge for diagnostic tests ordered during follow-up visits
      with hypertensive patients was estimated to be $11.97 for patients seen by
      general internists and $5.67 for patients seen by family physicians. These
      findings persisted after controlling for a variety of patient, practice, and
      physician characteristics.

PMID- 3695657
TI  - Use of the appropriateness evaluation protocol for estimating the incremental
      costs associated with nosocomial infections.
AB  - Existing methods for estimating additional days of hospital stay due to
      nosocomial infections (NI) have a number of documented limitations. An
      alternative method described in this paper uses the Appropriateness Evaluation
      Protocol (AEP) to determine whether each day of acute inpatient care is
      appropriate based on the need for care of the NI, original cause of
      hospitalization (OC), or combined NI-OC requirements. Using this method to
      identify specific days of hospitalization due to Staphylococcus aureus nosocomial
      infection, we find: 1) length of stay is increased for only a minority of
      patients (38%); 2) an average of 20 additional days of stay occurred for patients
      with 1 or more days attributed to NI; and 3) an average of 52% of length of stay
      of patients with 1 or more days attributed to NI can be attributed to the NI.
      Application of the AEP-based method is a useful alternative for identifying
      additional days of stay due to NI.

PMID- 3695658
TI  - Effects of surgeon volume and hospital volume on quality of care in hospitals.
AB  - A growing body of evidence indicates that certain surgical procedures exhibit a
      "volume-outcome" relationship in which a higher volume of patients undergoing a
      particular procedure at a hospital is associated with better outcomes for those
      patients. The proportion of a hospital's patients operated on by low-volume or
      less experienced surgeons also may be associated with poor patient outcomes and
      thus contribute to the hospital "volume-outcome" relationship. This paper
      analyzes the influence of hospital volume and the proportion of a hospital's
      patients operated on by low-volume surgeons on patient outcome for 10 procedures,
      controlling for other selected factors that may influence outcomes. The analysis
      is based on 503,662 patient abstracts from 757 hospitals. Results indicate that
      both hospital volume and the proportion of patients operated on by low-volume
      surgeons are related to quality of care as measured by patient outcomes. Higher
      hospital volume is positively related to better patient outcomes. These findings
      are consistent with earlier hospital "volume-outcome" research and add an
      additional set of procedures using more recent data to the evidence. Unlike
      previous research on surgeon volume, a positive relationship was found between
      higher percentage of patients operated on by low-volume surgeons and poorer
      hospital quality.

PMID- 3695659
TI  - Measuring physicians' humanistic attitudes, values, and behaviors.
AB  - This paper describes the reliability and validity of 10 easily administered and
      scored self-report measures of physicians' humanistic attitudes, values, and
      behaviors. This research also provides evidence that evaluations of physicians'
      humanistic behavior made by their outpatients, and non-physician staff with whom
      they worked, and the faculty physicians supervising them on inpatient ward
      rotations were positively and significantly correlated with one another. The
      potential usefulness of a multi-modal approach in evaluating humanistic physician
      attributes in which self-report measures are combined with direct feedback from
      all of those who interact with physicians is discussed.

PMID- 3695660
TI  - A prospective study of 2,000 patients attending a chiropractic college teaching
      clinic.
AB  - A prospective study was undertaken to characterize 2,000 patients attending a
      chiropractic teaching clinic and the effectiveness of the care they received.
      Fifty-two percent of the patients were between 21 and 34 years old; 41%
      categorized their occupation as professional and 14% as skilled blue collar; 79%
      presented with musculoskeletal complaints; 44% had low back pain; 41% had
      complaints less than 1 month; 83% had no work time loss. Eighty-one percent of
      musculoskeletal diagnoses were reported as strain, with less than 1%
      intervertebral disc syndrome. The primary treatment approach was manipulation in
      90% of cases. As a group, both patients and interns had similar expectations
      about the likelihood of improvement following treatment and similar assessments
      of the degree of improvement actually attained. Eighty-two percent of patients
      improved during their course of treatment. An average 4.4 patient visits were
      encountered per episode of care, with an average total charge of $66.00.

PMID- 3695661
TI  - Exploring the iceberg. Common symptoms and how people care for them.
AB  - Despite the importance of daily symptoms for people's quality of living, they are
      seldom studied (thus, the "iceberg of morbidity"). We begin by reviewing United
      States and British studies that have information on daily symptoms experienced by
      adults. The most common ones are respiratory (largely from colds) and
      musculoskeletal (largely from arthritis, injury, overexertion). Using health
      diaries kept for 6 weeks by a population-based sample of adults, we report the
      frequency of respiratory and musculoskeletal symptoms, their specific types and
      causes, and what factor urge people to take therapeutic actions for them. The
      most popular action for both is prescription or nonprescription drugs, followed
      by lay consultation, then restricted activity, and lastly seeking medical care.
      On Respiratory Days, how miserable a person feels is the main stimulus to action;
      other morbidity aspects of the day also rank high. Sociodemographic groups
      scarcely differ in their responses to respiratory symptoms. The situation is
      similar for Musculoskeletal Nondisease Days (injury/overexertion). But for
      Musculoskeletal Disease Days (arthritis), sociodemographic characteristics figure
      more strongly in care, and the day's degree of morbidity less. These results
      signal basic differences in how people approach chronic and acute health
      problems: For chronic ones, they devise strategies of care (determined partly by
      their roles, attitudes, and resources) over months and years, and apply them
      during flare-ups. For acute problems, decisions about care are made in the short
      run and hinge mostly on symptoms. Our analysis also considers how actions
      complement or substitute for each other: Self-care actions (nonprescription drug
      use and restricted activity) tend to co-occur, and so do actions based on medical
      care (prescription drug use and medical contact). The two domains substitute in
      one way (nonprescription drug use greatly reduces chances of prescription drug
      use) and join in another (restricted activity increases chances of medical
      contact).

PMID- 3695662
TI  - Communications among nurse practitioners and physicians in team-delivered
      ambulatory care. Comparison with physician-to-physician interactions.

PMID- 3695663
TI  - Appraisal of modifiable hospitalization risks.
AB  - Nine prevention experts rated hospitalization risks of 64 hypothetical healthy
      adults between 20 and 65 years old. There was substantial agreement among seven
      out of the nine experts. Pairwise correlations between any two of the experts
      ranged between 0.66 and 0.86. Decision analytic tools were used to model the
      average of the experts' ratings. The panel of experts provided us with the
      factors used, the relationship between the factors, and the relative importance
      of each factor. An index based on this information was highly correlated with the
      judgments of seven experts. Thus, we concluded that the scoring procedure can
      simulate the experts' judgments. Next, the index was used in an interactive
      computer program to assess modifiable health risks of individuals. This program
      is provided along with the paper to facilitate further research on validity and
      impact of the program.

PMID- 3695664
TI  - Relationship between patient race and the intensity of hospital services.
AB  - This study reviews evidence on whether services in United States hospitals vary
      by racial groupings of patients. The focus is on both equity and quality of
      hospital services. Patients with the diagnosis of pneumonia were studied at 16
      randomly selected hospitals. The services and outcomes studied include five
      measures of the intensity of diagnostic and therapeutic services received by
      patients, and death rates during hospitalization. Multiple regression was used to
      control for patient health status at the time of entry into the hospital. Results
      are presented both before and after controlling for the effects of differences in
      the services offered between hospitals and patient payment sources. Our findings
      suggest that nonwhite pneumonia patients received fewer hospital services than
      expected on the basis of their health characteristics, and that their hospital
      lengths of stay were longer than expected. These findings were apparent when the
      hospitals were examined in aggregate and within individual institutions. No
      consistent differences in death rates were apparent. Possible explanations for
      these results are discussed. From our data, we conclude that patient race remains
      a potentially significant characteristic in determining the intensity of care
      provided to patients in hospitals, which is not explained by differences among
      racial groups in health status, source of payment, or site of hospitalization.

PMID- 3695665
TI  - The estimation of the health production function for low-income working men.
AB  - Health is an important variable that determines an individual's economic as well
      as noneconomic well-being. A healthy individual will be more productive, will
      contribute more toward a nation's economy, and, keeping other things constant,
      will have a better life overall than a sick individual. But for a low-income
      individual, health could be even more crucial since it could be a major factor in
      perpetuating his poverty. If, as a part of our social policy, we would want to
      improve the economic well-being of poor people, their health in general would
      need attention. This paper studies the production of health and the demand for
      medical care of low-income working men. Low-income working men are "medically
      indigent" because they are not eligible for Medicaid and are not adequately
      covered by insurance. This study provides insight into what role medical,
      preventive, and curative care--as well as other socioeconomic variables, such as
      income and education--plays in the production of the health of low-income men. It
      also shows the impact of price, income, and other control variables on the demand
      for medical care.

PMID- 3695666
TI  - Family health. Utilization and effects of family membership.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which members of
      families have similar and interrelated health behavior. Utilization and morbidity
      data from more than 80,000 ambulatory visits by 693 families enrolled in a
      prepaid health plan for 6 consecutive years were examined using family membership
      as the major unit of analysis. Family members were found to resemble one another
      in their rates of use of services (r = 0.44; P less than 0.001). Parental
      influence on children's utilization is significant, mothers generally being two
      to three times more powerful than fathers in this regard. Apart from family size,
      structural characteristics of families contribute little to family health
      behavior. Family membership explains nearly one third of the variance of
      individual utilization even after family size and age and sex of family members
      are considered. A small proportion of families (5%) accounts for a
      disproportionately large share (12.3%) of health care utilization. Intrafamilial
      patterns of morbidity were apparent for several major groupings of diagnoses,
      most notably for acute health problems. Intrafamilial correlations were greatest
      among high-utilizing families. Families establish patterns of health behavior
      that are stable over time and therefore may be amenable to selective
      interventions. We conclude that health care planning, whether for service
      delivery or health education intervention, should consider family health data as
      an important information source.

PMID- 3695667
TI  - The specificity of quality-of-life measures among the seriously ill.
AB  - The need to address the impacts of serious disease and the effectiveness of
      interventions has led to the development of numerous measures of the quality of
      life. The research reported here explores the possibility that widely used
      measures do not truly distinguish among separate dimensions of the quality of
      life in a seriously ill population, but reflect a generalized tendency among such
      individuals to respond negatively to interviewers' questions about their well
      being. This research examines three widely used measures--the Sickness Impact
      Profile (SIP), the Profile of Mood States (POMS), and the McGill Pain
      Questionnaire (MPQ)--as applied to 536 individuals with recent cancer diagnoses.
      In a multitrait-multimethod matrix, correlation coefficients among measures
      believed to reflect the same phenomena are consistently higher than correlation
      coefficients among measures supposed to reflect different phenomena. In a factor
      analysis performed on all 536 subjects, the unrotated factor matrix indicates
      that no single factor explains a preponderance of the variance in individual
      measures. Orthogonal rotation indicates that subscales from the SIP, POMS, and
      MPQ generally load on factors defined by the scales of which they are part. These
      findings were replicated on subsamples of subjects with particularly severe
      disease. The study suggests that the SIP, POMS, and MPQ measure the specific
      dimensions their names imply, even among individuals with illnesses posing
      immediate threats to survival.

PMID- 3695668
TI  - The determinants of hospital utilization under a universal public insurance
      program in Canada.
AB  - This study employs the individual as the unit of analysis to examine the relative
      importance of medical need, sociodemographic and economic factors in determining
      the use or non-use of hospital care and the volume of service consumed by those
      who experienced an episode of hospitalization during the study period. The data
      were derived from the Canada Health Survey which is a stratified, multistaged
      sample of the entire population. The results of the discriminant and weighted
      regression analyses indicate that the use or non-use of hospital care and the
      volume of service consumed are largely determined by medical need and not by
      income. The findings are supportive of the view that the national health
      insurance scheme in Canada has resulted in a more equitable distribution of
      hospital care.

PMID- 3695669
TI  - Influences on the choice of primary care. Today's gatekeepers to the medical care
      delivery system.

PMID- 3695670
TI  - Physician attitudes and experience regarding the care of patients with acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and related disorders (ARC).
AB  - The number of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) continues
      to increase. These patients require medical care from physicians who are well
      trained and who are willing to provide that care. In 1985, we undertook a survey
      of 314 heterosexual and homosexual physicians in Los Angeles County to determine
      their willingness and perceived ability to care for patients with AIDS. This
      survey indicates that most physicians believe that special clinics staffed by
      physicians who have a particular expertise in caring for AIDS patients should be
      established. Many of the physicians surveyed indicated that concerns about the
      risk of contagion with AIDS is a deterrent to treating AIDS patients. Current
      evidence indicates this concern is unfounded. Both heterosexual and homosexual
      physicians indicated a lack of medical knowledge and experience regarding the
      opportunistic infections and cancers that are associated with AIDS, although many
      physicians in both groups expressed a desire to receive more training in this
      regard. Our survey indicates that there is a definite need for more clinically
      based training opportunities for physicians who would like to provide care for
      AIDS patients. If such training were to become available, it is likely that
      sufficient numbers of physicians would be willing to care for AIDS patients.

PMID- 3695671
TI  - Academic group practice. The physicians' view.
AB  - In order to evaluate physician response to the reorganization of a traditional
      medical clinic into a group practice model, a randomized controlled trial was
      conducted using equivalent groups of patients and physicians. The group practice
      model, unlike the traditional clinic, provided decentralized registration, 5
      days/week clinic coverage, and night/weekend phone coverage. Residents worked in
      small groups with an attending physician, nurse practitioner, staff nurse, and
      receptionist. A panel of 50 medical residents was interviewed prior to the
      reorganization and 1 year later. Residents in the experimental groups perceived
      improvements in the ancillary staff, placed a higher value on informal discussion
      of patient management problems, and were more satisfied with the outpatient
      experience. Moreover, residents in the group practices were more likely to
      voluntarily schedule additional clinic sessions to accommodate their patients. No
      change was noted in their career choices. We conclude that reorganization of a
      traditional medical clinic into a group practice model can result in increased
      physician satisfaction although it may not have a major impact on long-term
      career goals.

PMID- 3695672
TI  - Hospitalization as an opportunity to improve hypertension recognition and
      control.
AB  - Hospitalization may afford an excellent opportunity to maximize recognition and
      control of the hypertensive patient and ensure medical follow-up. We reviewed
      records of 536 medical or surgical patients consecutively admitted to a
      university hospital to assess trends in hypertension-related medical care
      according to guidelines established by the 1984 report of the Joint National
      Committee (JNC III) on Hypertension Detection, Treatment, and Control. Of 143
      hospitalized patients considered hypertensive, 70% were controlled on admission,
      and 77% were controlled at hospital discharge. No significant differences were
      found in control status when medical and surgical patients were compared. Of 52
      medical patients with hypertension, two lacked a documented diagnosis of
      hypertension at discharge compared to 16 of 94 surgical patients with
      hypertension (P less than 0.05). Nine of the 16 undiagnosed surgical patients
      were also uncontrolled at discharge. Of 43 medical or surgical patients who
      entered the hospital uncontrolled, 19 (44%) remained uncontrolled at discharge.
      Seventy percent of patients with uncontrolled hypertension entered the hospital
      on antihypertensive drugs, and there was no net increase in antihypertensive drug
      use in these patients during hospitalization. These data suggest that physicians
      frequently fail to capitalize on hospitalization as an opportunity to diagnose
      and control hypertension in some patients. Our results indicate that surgeons may
      be less attentive than internists to diagnosis of hypertension. In addition,
      hospitalization remains a setting in which medical care for hypertension could be
      improved.

PMID- 3695673
TI  - Using the emergency department as a screening site for high blood pressure. A
      method for improving hypertension detection and appropriate referral.
AB  - This study describes the development and testing of a high blood pressure
      protocol for use in emergency departments (ED) to enhance detection of those
      patients appropriate for subsequent referral. The protocol involves two serial
      blood pressure measurements and a patient interview to determine: 1) previous
      history of high blood pressure (HBP), 2) treatment in past year for HBP, and 3)
      usual source of medical care. The accuracy of patient reporting was validated by
      comparison with the patients' hospital record (reflecting outpatient and
      inpatient visits). Results indicate that these self-reports have high levels of
      sensitivity (range 90-100%) and specificity (range 79-96%). Use of the additional
      patient information increased the sensitivity of the screening protocol in
      identifying when and where a patient should be referred. Use of this methodology
      indicates that the protocol is a simple and effective method for HBP screening.
      The findings also suggest that the ED is an ideal site for screening the "hard-to
      reach" hypertensive population.

PMID- 3695674
TI  - Hospital-physician relations under hospital prepayment.
AB  - Fundamental changes now occurring in the field of health services may make it
      increasingly difficult to develop or maintain satisfactory hospital-physician
      relations. This paper examines the nature of hospital-physician relations
      following the introduction of an experimental hospital prepayment program that
      capped budgets in nine hospitals for a 5-year period. Results from longitudinal
      analyses based on data from key physicians, hospital administrators, and board
      members indicate generally positive "effects" on hospital-physician relations,
      except for increased strain in the system. In most respects, there were no
      adverse effects on the work relations of physicians, in the perceived quality of
      medical care, or in the institutional performance of physicians at the nine
      participating hospitals after the introduction of prepayment. Moreover, to some
      extent, the prepayment program appears to have been effective in controlling
      hospital costs and is perceived by the principal participants to have been
      successful.

PMID- 3695675
TI  - Access to nursing home care. A need-based approach.

PMID- 3695676
TI  - Determinants of VA utilization. The 1983 survey of aging veterans.
AB  - By the end of the decade, fully one half of American males aged 65 years and over
      will be veterans. In anticipation of the increased demand for medical services,
      the Veterans Administration recently commissioned a survey of the needs of aging
      veterans. From a national probability sample, approximately 34,500 households
      were screened to yield interviews with 3,013 veterans aged 55 years and over.
      Using multivariate regression analyses, the present study employed this data set
      for two purposes: 1) to identify covariates of past and present service
      utilization in the VA system, and 2) to identify the conditions under which
      veterans will declare an intention to use VA services in the future. Independent
      variables included medical diagnoses, ADLs, demographic and background
      characteristics, convenience and proximity to VA facilities, alternative forms of
      insurance coverage, VA eligibility, and attitudes about the quality of VA care.
      The results suggest markedly different predictors for current use versus
      likelihood of future use; however, income was related to both current and
      intended future utilization. The implications of these findings for policy
      development and utilization projections are discussed.

PMID- 3695677
TI  - Gender and the attribution of the nurse practitioner and physician status.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to discover whether sex-role sterotypes were used
      to identify members of two professions, nurse practitioners and physicians.
      Participants reported whether they believed a videotaped health care provider was
      a physician or a nurse practitioner. Results showed that male providers tended to
      be identified as physicians, whereas female providers tended to be identified as
      nurse practitioners. Findings indicate that understanding and enactment of the
      nurse practitioner and physician roles are still affected by gender issues and
      that both physicians and nurse practitioners remain subject to the force of sex
      role stereotypes.

PMID- 3695679
TI  - Exploring physician responses to patients' extramedical characteristics. The
      decision to hospitalize.
AB  - The influence of patients' extramedical characteristics on physician decisions to
      hospitalize patients is examined by use of the hypothetical case approach. In
      addition, physician and market condition characteristics are examined as possible
      correlates of physician responsiveness to patients' extramedical conditions. The
      findings provide additional evidence that, for at least some cases, the
      likelihood of a physician's admitting a patient to the hospital is influenced by
      the patient's living arrangements, travel time to the physician's office, and the
      extent to which medical care would cause a financial hardship for the patient.
      Variation in physician responsiveness to these extramedical conditions is quite
      large. This variation in responsiveness is not consistently related to physician
      specialty or hospital occupancy rates, but is correlated with physician time
      spent giving outpatient care.

PMID- 3695678
TI  - Circumcision and informed consent. Is more information always better?
AB  - This study observes that physicians routinely inform parents about a small
      minority of the medical complications and risks associated with elective
      circumcisions. When selecting which medical complications to mention to parents,
      physicians appeared to use a policy based on their subjective assessment of the
      frequency and seriousness of the complications' occurrence. Subsequent analyses
      revealed that the physicians' probability estimates were biased and their
      seriousness assessments were consistently less than those expressed by mothers of
      newborn sons. Replacing the physicians' policy of partial disclosure with a
      comprehensive disclosure of "unbiased" information of possible risks and
      complications had no effect on the mothers' decisions to have their sons
      circumcised but did generate numerous influences on the mothers' attitudes. Among
      the effects observed in mothers were a reduction in their confidence in the
      appropriateness of their decision and a dissatisfaction with their physician's
      behavior. The implications of these findings to informed consent are discussed,
      and a greater flexibility in providing informed consent is advocated.

PMID- 3695680
TI  - Comparison of use of outpatient mental health services in an HMO and fee-for
      service plans. Sensitivity to definition of a visit.
AB  - Whereas previous authors have used a variety of strategies to identify use of
      mental health services, the sensitivity of estimates to the definition of a visit
      has been little studied. The authors examined the sensitivity of estimates of use
      of outpatient mental health services in both HMO and fee-for-service plans to the
      method of identifying outpatient mental health visits. The HMO and fee-for
      service plans had identical benefits (i.e., free care). Data were from the Rand
      Health Insurance Study. Mental health visits were identified using two
      definitions: presence of a mental health diagnosis or procedure; and presence of
      a mental health procedure, diagnosis, or prescription for psychotropic medication
      in the absence of physical disorders requiring such medications. The major policy
      conclusions about lower levels of use in the HMO compared to fee-for-service
      plans were insensitive to the definition of a visit. Nevertheless, estimates of
      use of general medical providers were higher when psychotropic medications were
      included in the definition of a mental health visit; this sensitivity to
      definition was significantly greater for fee-for-service than HMO participants (P
      less than 0.05). Further, conclusions about the comparability of enrollment
      mental health status of patients treated by general medical providers in HMO and
      fee-for-service plans were somewhat sensitive to the definition of a visit.

PMID- 3695681
TI  - Self-care under war conditions. The case of Beirut, Lebanon.
AB  - This article attempts to explain the choice of treatment plan made by individuals
      as a result of a perceived health problem in a war-afflicted population. The
      prevalence of self-care in Beirut was measured and the characteristics of
      individuals who choose self-care versus other responses to an illness determined.
      The study population consisted of all individuals who experienced an ailment
      during the 2-week period prior to the interview (N = 1,392). Using certain
      sociodemographic, economic, and need factors as the independent variables and the
      use of home remedies as the dependent variable, a series of t-tests and Multiple
      Classification Analysis were performed separately on two age groups. Overall,
      Beirut residents were found to use home remedies rather extensively. Among
      individuals younger than 18 years, the type of household, religion, intake of
      medicine on a regular basis, and the type of ailment were significant predictors
      of the use of self-care. In the older age group, however, only the last two need
      variables were significantly related to the use of home remedies.

PMID- 3695682
TI  - Anxiety in patients awaiting primary medical care.
AB  - Adult patients in a family medicine clinic were surveyed to identify variables
      related to situational anxiety in a relatively unthreatening medical setting.
      Anxiety scores ranged from extremely calm to extremely anxious, with the average
      near the midpoint. Scores on other variables were reliably related to degree of
      reported anxiety. Multiple regression and discriminant analyses revealed the
      following to be the strongest predictors of higher anxiety: a passive orientation
      toward the visit; uncertainty about the state of one's health; expectations of
      physical discomfort, embarrassment, and invasion of privacy; a shorter time
      waiting; and few previous exposures to the clinic, physician, and procedure.
      Results are discussed in terms of implications for practice and for future
      research.

PMID- 3695683
TI  - [Capillaroscopy of the nail fold in Raynaud's phenomenon and scleroderma].

PMID- 3695684
TI  - [High risk of hepatitis B virus infection in the gypsy population].

PMID- 3695685
TI  - [Gypsies and other groups at risk for hepatitis B virus].

PMID- 3695686
TI  - [The sick physician].

PMID- 3695687
TI  - [Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU syndrome) with
      granulomatous nephritis and hepatitis].

PMID- 3695688
TI  - [Hypertensive crisis as the initial manifestation of Guillain-Barre-Landry
      syndrome].

PMID- 3695689
TI  - [Nifedipine-induced gingival hyperplasia].

PMID- 3695690
TI  - [Lung adenocarcinoma and urticaria].

PMID- 3695691
TI  - [Meningitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes: a rare complication of Cushing's
      syndrome].

PMID- 3695692
TI  - [Detection of alcoholism in the nonhospital environment].

PMID- 3695693
TI  - [Transitory monoclonal gammapathy and acute infection].

PMID- 3695695
TI  - [Massive alcoholic hepatic steatosis and acute hepatic insufficiency].

PMID- 3695694
TI  - [Essential hypertension and hyperdopaminuria due to stress].

PMID- 3695696
TI  - [An unusual secondary effect of etretinate].

PMID- 3695697
TI  - [Association of myasthenia gravis with thyroid disorders].

PMID- 3695698
TI  - [Evaluation of the prognostic significance of renal insufficiency in myeloma.
      Multivariate analysis].

PMID- 3695699
TI  - [Thyrotoxic crisis: a new manifestation of postpartum thyroiditis].

PMID- 3695700
TI  - [19-year-old woman with metrorrhagia and left ovarian mass].

PMID- 3695701
TI  - [Multiple metastases of a malignant melanoma and total regression of the primary
      tumor].

PMID- 3695702
TI  - [Improving the information about drugs].

PMID- 3695703
TI  - [Extra-lymphatic lymphoma located in the paranasal sinuses].

PMID- 3695704
TI  - [Brucellar pleuritis with a positive culture].

PMID- 3695705
TI  - [Natriuretic effect of nifedipine in essential arterial hypertension].

PMID- 3695706
TI  - [Effect of the evaluation interval on the rates of potential years of life lost].

PMID- 3695707
TI  - [Outpatient medicine is different. Yes, but....].

PMID- 3695708
TI  - [The SCC tumor antigen in benign gynecologic diseases].

PMID- 3695709
TI  - [Incidence and treatment of arterial hypertension in an emergency service].

PMID- 3695710
TI  - [Erythrocyte deformability and lipids of the erythrocyte membrane in diabetes
      mellitus].

PMID- 3695711
TI  - [Neoplastic lymphatic block as a cause of pleural effusion. Incidence in a
      necropsy series].

PMID- 3695712
TI  - [Arterial hypertension as medical emergency].

PMID- 3695713
TI  - [Proposal of a protocol of a general biochemical profile. Commission of the
      Semiologic Value of Biochemical Parameters, Spanish Society of Clinical
      Chemistry].

PMID- 3695715
TI  - [Chronic subdural hematoma simulating a transient ischemic accident].

PMID- 3695714
TI  - [Funicular myelosis without megaloblastic anemia].

PMID- 3695716
TI  - [Cholestatic hepatitis caused by virus A and hemolytic anemia].

PMID- 3695717
TI  - [Angina, left bundle branch block and normal coronary vessels].

PMID- 3695718
TI  - [Importance of the determination of Lp(a) in the prevention of coronary risk].

PMID- 3695719
TI  - [Massive hemoptysis caused by spontaneous rupture of an atheromatous plaque in
      the descending thoracic aorta].

PMID- 3695720
TI  - [Danazol in the treatment of acute leukemic transformation of myelodysplastic
      syndromes].

PMID- 3695722
TI  - [Clinico-pathological analysis of a series of 4,222 clinical autopsies].

PMID- 3695721
TI  - [Pulmonary thromboembolism. Prospective and follow-up clinical study].

PMID- 3695723
TI  - [A new view on the effect of placebos: useful aspects in everyday practice].

PMID- 3695724
TI  - [Problems of HIV-seropositive health personnel: between confidentiality and
      risk].

PMID- 3695725
TI  - [Intestinal cryptosporidiosis with pancreato-biliary and bronchial dissemination
      in a female infant with AIDS].

PMID- 3695726
TI  - [Hepatitis B in hospital personnel].

PMID- 3695727
TI  - [Acute leukemia in pregnancy].

PMID- 3695728
TI  - [Septic arthritis].

PMID- 3695729
TI  - [Polyradiculoneuritis and monoclonal gammopathy as a manifestation of a Merkel
      cell tumor].

PMID- 3695731
TI  - Update on antibiotics I.

PMID- 3695730
TI  - [Acute pulmonary edema associated with ingestion of acetazolamide].

PMID- 3695732
TI  - Inhibition of stimulated dopamine release from striatum slices after hemorrhagic
      shock in the rat. Protective effect of piracetam.
AB  - The antihypoxic effect of piracetam was studied using a hemorrhagic shock model
      in the rat. Different shock severity was achieved by bleeding of 35% or 50% of
      estimated blood volume (EBV). Hemorrhagic shock caused an inhibition of K+
      induced dopamine release from striatum slices in proportion to the magnitude of
      hemorrhage, reflecting the degree of membrane damage in dopaminergic transmission
      structures. Piracetam was effective in preventing the post-hemorrhagic changes in
      moderate shock and accelerated restitution of post-hemorrhagic release inhibition
      in severe shock.

PMID- 3695733
TI  - Studies on meperidine-induced catalepsy in mice.
AB  - Anticataleptic effect of different pharmacological agents was studied against
      meperidine-induced (50 mg/kg i.p.) catalepsy in mice. MAO (A and B) inhibitors,
      alpha 2-agonists in addition to dopaminergic, GABAergic and serotoninergic
      agents, were found to be effective in attenuating the cataleptic symptoms.
      However, naloxone, an opiate antagonist, failed to reverse meperidine-induced
      akinesia and rigidity. Clorgyline, a specific MAO-A inhibitor, was found to be
      more potent than the MAO-B inhibitor selegiline.

PMID- 3695734
TI  - Rectal bioavailability of lidocaine in the dog: evaluation of first-pass
      elimination.
AB  - The disposition of lidocaine was studied in beagle dogs after I.V., P.O. and
      rectal administration. Lidocaine HCl solution was used for the I.V. and P.O.
      studies. For rectal administration 3 gels were prepared: 1) lidocaine base in a
      hydrophilic vehicle, 2) lidocaine HCl in a hydrophilic vehicle, and 3) lidocaine
      base in a lipophilic vehicle. The gels were administered 3 cm deep in the rectum.
      Additionally, the gel of lidocaine HCl in a hydrophilic vehicle was also
      administered 10 cm deep in the rectum. No significant differences between I.V.
      and all extravascular administrations were observed for terminal half-life, total
      clearance and apparent volume of distribution. The systemic bioavailability after
      P.O. was 31%, and between 32% and 53% for the rectal dosage forms. The lidocaine
      base in lipophilic vehicle had the lowest systemic availability, the lowest peak
      concentration and the longest time to peak, whereas the lidocaine HCl in a
      hydrophilic vehicle, inserted 10 cm deep into the rectum, had the highest
      systemic bioavailability, highest peak concentration and shortest time to peak.
      The dog seems to be an excellent model for evaluation of peroral and rectal first
      pass elimination.

PMID- 3695735
TI  - [An HIV-positive patient in a department for alcoholics--the individual became
      more important than the risk of infection].

PMID- 3695736
TI  - [Thromboembolism in myocardial infarction--a general preventive therapy is hardly
      motivated].

PMID- 3695737
TI  - [Myokymias--a common phenomenon?].

PMID- 3695738
TI  - [Baclofen--a new agent used by addicts].

PMID- 3695739
TI  - [After treatment in the EWA (Early Treatment of Women with Alcoholism) program.
      Women with alcohol problems will improve their mental health].

PMID- 3695740
TI  - [A therapeutic study from the EWA (Early Treatment of Women with Alcoholism)
      project. A special unit for female alcoholics is needed].

PMID- 3695741
TI  - [Alcohol and brain damage: neuropsychological and computer-tomographic findings].

PMID- 3695742
TI  - [Use of indwelling catheters in Swedish emergency hospitals--room for more rigid
      restrictions].

PMID- 3695743
TI  - [It is important to base on the patient's own possibilities when gastrointestinal
      diseases are handled in primary health care].

PMID- 3695744
TI  - [Analyses of 837 autopsied victims--every 5th deceased was under the influence of
      alcohol].

PMID- 3695745
TI  - [Septicemia caused by a pacemaker wire--it could be removed after 15 hours
      stretching].

PMID- 3695746
TI  - [Alcohol abuse and memory disorders].

PMID- 3695747
TI  - [Transmission of hepatitis B--a model for the evaluation of future HIV epidemic
      outbreaks].

PMID- 3695748
TI  - [Molecular genetics analysis of patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome].

PMID- 3695749
TI  - [ECG registration in chest pain. Continuous training prevents misinterpretation].

PMID- 3695750
TI  - [Heroin administered via a cotton wad as a possible cause of death of a 1-year
      old child].

PMID- 3695751
TI  - [Resection as the first measure in volvulus in the cecum].

PMID- 3695752
TI  - [Alzheimer's disease--the most common cause of severe dementia].

PMID- 3695753
TI  - [Skin biopsy in fungal sepsis--a short-cut to diagnosis].

PMID- 3695754
TI  - [Content of fibronectin in ascites--a method for differentiation of malignant and
      benign disease].

PMID- 3695755
TI  - [Use of stored phenylketonuria blood tests suitable in the diagnosis of
      peroxisomal disease].

PMID- 3695756
TI  - Out of mind, out of sight: the mentally ill we've abandoned.

PMID- 3695757
TI  - Gladesville hospital--a shining example.

PMID- 3695758
TI  - More information about the Babington Roster.

PMID- 3695760
TI  - The duration of syllables in American sign language.

PMID- 3695759
TI  - Acoustical characteristics of sentential focus: narrow vs. broad and single vs.
      dual focus environments.

PMID- 3695761
TI  - [Prevention of HIV infections (AIDS) in ENT practice and the clinic].
AB  - In comparison to sexual contact the transmitted droplet infection or the mucosa
      contact are of minor relevance for HIV, the causative agent of acquired immune
      deficiency (AIDS). These channels of infections should nevertheless not be
      disregarded. Due to his activity, connected with a very close contact with
      exudations of a wound, blood, saliva and mucosae, the ENT-specialist increased
      hazard of infection by the HIV virus. Since 80% of the infected persons are able
      to discharge viruses free from symptoms for years, the ENT specialist should be
      informed about the pattern of distribution of this infectious disease as well as
      about suitable methods of prevention. Recommendations to practice and clinic for
      the prevention of transmitting HIV infections are given.

PMID- 3695762
TI  - [Microbial colonization of moist synthetic surfaces].

PMID- 3695763
TI  - [Middle ear implants (Tubingen type) of Al2O3 ceramics. Follow-up to 6 years
      after surgery].
AB  - Since 1980 we have been using Al2O3 ceramic implants in some reconstructions of
      the ossicular chain. We began interposing a small autologous cartilage
      perichondrium disk between implants of this type and the ear-drum after having
      observed the first cases of imminent extrusion and of extrusion. Thus about half
      the implants in our first follow-up study. in 1984, were shielded by a cartilage
      disk; in 1984 91 patients (108 ears) were examined. 64 of the same patients (66
      ears) consented to be re-examined in a second follow-up study in 1986. Of the 66
      Al2O3 ceramic implants in the smaller sampling 43 had a cartilage overlay, and 23
      did not. The implants without a cartilage overlay had been in situ for 3 to 6
      years, and on average for 59 months; those with a cartilage overlay had been in
      situ for 3 to 6 years, and on average for 59 months; those with a cartilage
      overlay had been in situ for 2 to 5 years, and on average for 39 months. Both
      studies show the feasibility of markedly reducing the risk of imminent extrusions
      and extrusions, which occur when the cavum tympanum is poorly ventilated and the
      ear-drum retracts. The extrusion rates for Al2O3 middle-ear implants with and
      without a cartilage overlay were 5% and 16% respectively from 1980 to 1986. The
      great majority of ears examined showed a residual air-bone-gap of 0 to 20 dB in
      the frequency range between 0.5 and 2 kHz. Our audiometric results were
      essentially the same in 1984 and 1986.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3695764
TI  - [Diagnostic value of nuclear magnetic resonance tomography in space occupying
      lesions of the pharynx].
AB  - The diagnostic value of CT in tumours of the pharynx is limited due to the
      reduced soft tissue contrast of this method. In the present study we report on
      our own experience with MR imaging of this area. We could demonstrate that MR
      possesses an increasing importance in the diagnosis of tumours of the head and
      neck. This is mainly due to the better soft tissue contrast which can even be
      improved by using the paramagnetic contrast medium Gd-DTPA in certain cases.

PMID- 3695765
TI  - [High resolution computerized tomography of the pyramid of the temporal bone--HR
      PCT. Special standardized section technic for imaging ear ossicles].

PMID- 3695766
TI  - [Coordinating breathing and swallowing following laryngectomy].
AB  - Integrated study of respiration and deglutition includes 48 healthy examinees and
      22 patients after laryngectomy. Laryngectomy changes the relationship between
      breathing and swallowing. In healthy subjects 70.68 per cent of swallows occurs
      during the expiratory phase and more than 80 per cent are followed by expiration.
      In the patients after laryngectomy 58.01 per cent of swallows coincide with the
      end of the expiration end the beginning of the inspiration and near 80 per cent
      of swallows are followed by inspiration. Laryngectomy eliminates necessity for
      specific coordination of breathing and swallowing and makes possible
      manifestation of the central neural control.

PMID- 3695767
TI  - [Pulmonary cancerization in juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis].
AB  - A case of early onset type of juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis (JLP) is
      reported, where pulmonary involvement developed in typical aspiration site
      evidenced by tuberculosis of the right lung, and which stimulated after years a
      squamous epithelial carcinoma. After comparison of this case with similar cases
      reported in the literature, the clinical feature of cancerization in JLP is
      discussed in the context of recent virological, immunohistochemical and
      pathohistological findings. The infectious nature of this disease and the
      reparative character of the pathologically accelerated proliferation of the
      papilloma epithelium are stressed, which latter is thus particularly susceptible
      to additional noxae: irradiation, cigarette smoke, infection and necrosis. These
      noxae are considered to be the ultimate cause of cancerization in JLP, especially
      long-standing necrosis. These noxae are considered to be the ultimate cause of
      cancerization in JLP, especially long-standing necrotisation of lung structures
      in pulmonary involvement. Surgical treatment of JLP, eradication being
      unconceivable, should therefore be rather conservative, and any therapeutic
      attendance should take utmost care to avoid intrapulmonary seeding.

PMID- 3695768
TI  - [Colored silicone foils for middle ear surgery].

PMID- 3695769
TI  - [Clinical aspects and therapy of frequent diseases of the oral mucosa].
AB  - Different diseases of the oral mucosa may closely resemble each other and may
      therefore pose considerable differential diagnostic problems. The most frequent
      oral mucous membrane disorders are briefly presented according to their main
      clinical feature. Recurrent aphthous ulcerations have to be differentiated from
      viral infections causing aphthoid defects. Blisters and erosions are
      characteristic for erythema multiforme and oral lesions of bullous autoimmune
      dermatoses. Leucoplakias may be due to exogenous irritant factors, but may also
      be a symptom of oral disease. Warts and granulomas may simulate malignant
      tumours. Pigmentations are due to a variety of endogenous and exogenous factors.
      Some very frequent, but harmless alterations of the tongue are also briefly
      described.

PMID- 3695770
TI  - [Respiration olfactometry--an objectifying method in the quantitative assessment
      of hyposmia].
AB  - The nasal flow rate is a sensitive parameter for recording respiration reactions
      evoked by smelling. A method is presented for objectifying measurement of
      different severe hyposmias. Using the monorhine respiration-olfactometry, one
      side of the nose is stimulated olfactorily, in the other one the nasal flow rate
      is registered simultaneously. 22 patients suffering from light and severe
      hyposmia could be exactly classified corresponding to the severity of hyposmia.
      There were no smell-induced respiration reactions below the detection threshold.
      The reaction thresholds of respiration-olfactometry correspond to the detection
      thresholds of subjective olfactometry in 94% of the patients.

PMID- 3695771
TI  - [Visual recovery following orbital and optic nerve decompressions].
AB  - The cause of visual impairment must always be clarified as soon as possible.
      During the last 6 years visual loss in 60 selected patients was caused by
      infectious processes, mucoceles, benign tumours, endocrine ophthalmopathies, head
      traumas etc. The comparison of preoperative and postoperative visual function in
      48 cases treated by decompression of the orbit and in 12 cases treated by
      decompression of the optic nerve demonstrated visual improvement in 68 per/cent.
      Surgically we preferred the transethmoidal route and in some cases the lateral
      osteoplastic approach. In respect of the success of the surgical therapy, a
      correlation with the interval between the time of manifestation of visual loss
      and the time of surgery was found. Furthermore, the results depended on the basic
      diseases.

PMID- 3695772
TI  - [A rare complication of septum surgery: internal carotid artery-cavernous sinus
      fistula].
AB  - Perforation, haematoma, a saddle nose, dysaesthesia, liquorrhoea and hyposmia are
      among the most common complications in septum plasties. A case history points out
      the danger of a fistula between the sinus cavernosus and the arteria carotis
      interna during this operation. A patient developed heavy nose bleeding during a
      septum plasty. A protrusio bulbi, a binocular deterioration in visual acuity, a
      pulsating tinnitus and a hyperaemic nose appeared postoperatively. By means of
      angiography of the arteria carotis interna the suspected diagnosis of an AV
      fistula was confirmed. The fistula was occuled in local anaesthesia by a
      radiopaque-filled micro-balloon. The possible direct approach using an instrument
      via the transseptal-transsphenoidal access and the indirect method of injury by
      breaking out one of the insufficiently mobilised spurs of the lamina
      perpendicularis and its extension, the dislocated septum interspenoidalis, are
      described and demonstrated by graphic representations.

PMID- 3695773
TI  - [Microsurgical reconstruction of large 3-layer defects of the cheek].
AB  - For reconstruction of large penetrating defects of the cheek besides pedicled
      tissue transfer numerous free flaps are available to the head and neck surgeon.
      The inferior epigastric abdominal wall flap, in particular, has proved a
      versatile and reliable flap, just as the cutaneous flaps from the dorsum of the
      foot and from the forearm. While the abdominal wall flap offers both, a cutaneous
      and a peritoneal surface, the latter is used for replacement of intra-oral
      lining, the cutaneous flaps have to be folded to obtain two surfaces for
      reconstruction of skin and intra-oral lining. The surgical technique of the
      epigastric abdominal wall flap is presented and its use is discussed.

PMID- 3695774
TI  - [Measuring cis-dichlorodiamino platinum(II) concentrations in human blood and
      mouth mucosa].
AB  - Using the method of atomic absorption spectroscopy, platinum (DDP) concentrations
      were determined in tissue samples and plasma from 10 patients who suffered from a
      squamous cell carcinoma and were receiving cis-platinum. The drug was
      administered by a rapid infusion (60 mg/m2). Tissue samples and plasma were
      collected 5 h after infusion. Platinum concentrations found in squamous cells of
      the oral cavity varied from 3 to 20 micrograms/g with a median concentration of
      7.5 micrograms/g. The corresponding plasma concentrations were 1.5-2.5
      micrograms/ml. The data suggest that within 5 h after infusion an enrichment of
      cis-platinum takes place in human tissue.

PMID- 3695775
TI  - [A foreign body in the nasopharynx].
AB  - Foreign bodies in the upper respiratory airways often lead to dramatic
      situations. In case of airway obstruction mortality rate is rather high. In this
      paper the penetration of a nail into the roof of the nasopharynx is reported.

PMID- 3695776
TI  - [Squamous cell carcinoma of the scalp and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma].
AB  - This is a case report on a 70-year old male patient with a huge ulcerative
      squamous cell carcinoma of the scalp as well as numerous palpable lymph nodes in
      the neck. Tumour extirpation and bilateral conservative neck dissection were
      performed. Histological examination of the excised lymph nodes did not reveal a
      metastatic infiltration but an additional neoplasm -- a low-grade malignant
      lymphoma (lymphoplasmocytic immunocytoma).

PMID- 3695777
TI  - [The Eustachian tube in HR computerized tomography. Imaging in the adult].
AB  - Until now the lumen of the Eustachian tube (ET) has always been shown by using
      histological sections of temporal bones, which were after decalcification
      embedded in paraffin blocks and serially sectioned. In order to avoid changes
      caused by this preparations, we applied contrast medium or air to the lumen of
      the ET of cadaver temporal bones resected immediately after exitus. It was
      therefore possible to demonstrate the lumen of the tube in high resolution
      computed tomography. In this way we could find clear variations of the lumen in
      the total length of the ET and divide it into five different topographically
      specific regions. Whereas the pars ossea is formed by certain bone formations and
      structures in various ways, the picture of the cartilaginous portion remains the
      same: At the connection of the pars ossea to the isthmus the lumen shows an
      almost circular form which becomes oval towards the end of the isthmus. This can
      also be found in the preisthmus portion. In the intermediate section the oval
      shape is interrupted and replaced by a double curve in the form of a reverse "S".
      We find once again in the pharyngeal section a well-formed oval lumen, which
      however is more pronounced than in the preisthmus portion. The intermediate
      section with its double curve is defined by us beside the isthmus region, as a
      further, second physiological isthmus in the course of the ET. Apart from that
      the demonstration of the lumen, that of the function unit of the tensor palatine
      muscle, processus pterygoideus and hamulus is also of special interest.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3695778
TI  - [How do I remove submental fatty tissue with liposuction in the facelift
      operation?].

PMID- 3695779
TI  - [Cardiology].

PMID- 3695780
TI  - Presidential address: the American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery--past,
      present, and future.

PMID- 3695781
TI  - Microsecond-long flash photography of laser-induced ablation of biliary and
      urinary calculi.
AB  - High-speed flash photographs of laser-induced fragmentation of biliary and renal
      calculi under water were obtained using one-microsecond-long dye-laser pulses for
      both illumination and ablation. The photographs show the presence of a bubble
      with irregularities on the surface that suggest the early presence of debris or
      microbubbles. Fragmentation occurs before the bubble collapses, suggesting that
      fragmentation is due to laser-induced acoustic transients rather than to collapse
      of a laser-induced cavitation bubble.

PMID- 3695782
TI  - Thermal injury by laser pulses: protection by heat shock despite failure to
      induce heat-shock response.
AB  - Pulsed lasers produce a variety of therapeutically useful effects in tissues by
      thermal mechanisms. In contrast with conventional hyperthermia, pulsed lasers
      rapidly induce extremely high temperatures confined to small areas within the
      tissues. It is not established, however, how cellular damage and repair responses
      differ between conventional and pulsed laser-induced hyperthermia. We have
      addressed this question by examining the induction of cellular heat-shock
      proteins (HSPs) and protection by heat-shock response against pulsed laser vs
      conventional hyperthermia. Cultured human dermal fibroblasts at confluency were
      exposed to single microsecond, 10.6-microns-wavelength pulses from a pulsed CO2
      laser at radiant exposures between 0 and 1.3 J/cm2. Cell monolayers were directly
      exposed after removal of overlying medium. Positive control for the ability of
      the cells to synthesize of HSPs was obtained by heating the cells for 20 min in a
      water bath at 45 degrees C or 47 degrees C. The cultures were then labeled with L
      [35S] methionine (Met), and proteins analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis 2 hr after exposure. The
      morphological alterations induced by laser or heat were similar under phase
      contrast microscopy. Conventional heating induced a heat-shock response, with the
      appearance of HSPs 2 hours after heating. In contrast, synthesis of HSPs could
      not be detected following laser irradiation, even at exposures decreasing both
      cell viability and incorporation of [35S] Met into cellular protein. Pre-exposure
      of cells to temperatures which induced synthesis of HSPs, however, significantly
      decreased cell death induced by subsequent laser irradiation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3695783
TI  - Molding of laser energy by shaped optic fiber tips.
AB  - The development of a new technique for laser recannalizing atheromatous vessels
      has inherent problems concerning heat damage to the vessel walls. A theoretical
      analysis of 2,100 light rays in large bulb end (output end) fibers compared to a
      standard flat end fiber showed (1) a much higher-intensity focus; (2) a 125.4%
      increase in number of output rays (with respect to number of input rays) in the
      convergent output beam, due to multiple reflections/refractions ("stars" and
      "triangles") and standing waves, in the large bulb end, compared to 48.6% in the
      flat end; (3) 83.69% energy in the converging beam of the large bulb end,
      compared to 46.1% energy in the flat end; and (4) a rapidly divergent beam after
      focus. Hence, theoretically a wide area of plaque could be burnt off more rapidly
      with less heat conduction into the vessel walls. Coupling efficiency was
      experimentally shown to be greatly increased by also having a bulb at the optic
      fiber input end.

PMID- 3695785
TI  - Evaluation of sapphire tip Nd:YAG laser fibers in partial nephrectomy.
AB  - Sapphire tips for Nd:YAG lasers fibers have been introduced recently. The
      increased energy density improves the cutting effect while, reportedly,
      preserving the hemostatic properties of Nd:YAG laser energy. The capacity of
      sapphire tip laser fibers to facilitate partial nephrectomy was tested in mongrel
      dogs. No advantage for this technique was demonstrated compared to standard
      methods of partial nephrectomy.

PMID- 3695784
TI  - Effects of simultaneous viewing and vaporization of plaques using the steerable,
      laser-heated metal cap in the atherosclerotic monkey model.
AB  - A steerable, fiberoptic catheter coupled to a laser light guide tipped with a
      metal cap was used. Four monkeys fed an atherogenic diet for 7-8 years were
      angiographed and were found to have extensive mural plaque in the iliac arteries.
      Plaque sites in these monkeys were vaporized using the laser-heated metal cap.
      Energies of 1.5-9 Joules were employed. Application of the energy was tangential
      of perpendicular to the plaque. Lased sites were examined histologically at 24 hr
      or at 3 months after treatment. No effect was seen at 1.5 Joules. Three to six
      Joules tangentially produced a superficial lesion that extended into the tunica
      intima. Six Joules perpendicularly produced a burn into the tunica adventitia,
      with damage to the vasavasorum. Nine Joules tangentially produced a burn into the
      tunica media. Three months after treatment, this lased site showed no stenosis or
      aneurysm formation.

PMID- 3695786
TI  - Differential effects of short- and long-pulsewidth laser exposures on retinal
      ganglion cell response.
AB  - Time-dependent effects of laser exposures on rhesus monkey retinal ganglion cells
      were studied with a Q-switched, doubled Nd:glass laser, which produced 20 nsec
      pulses of 530-nm light, and a continuous-wave (CW) argon laser (514.5 nm), which
      produced exposures of 0.1-msec to 0.1-sec duration. Ganglion cell activity was
      recorded in situ by means of an intraocular electrode. Ganglion cells exposed to
      a single 20-nsec exposure, at a sublesion intensity, produced a 60-90 sec
      discharge of action potentials and exhibited a 2 log or greater elevation of
      light threshold, depending on beam size and intensity. At equivalent energy
      levels, the longer exposures produced the same or slightly weaker effects. This
      result is not as straightforward as it seems. Submillisecond flashes bleach no
      more than 50% of the visual pigment because of photoregeneration. The Dowling
      Rushton relation predicts that a 50% bleach should produce only a 1.5 log loss of
      cone sensitivity. Exposures longer than 1 msec should not photoregenerate pigment
      (ie, more pigment will be bleached for a given exposure intensity). In view of
      the probable differences in pigment bleaching, it appears that the Q-switched
      laser light adapts the cells out of proportion to the visual pigment actually
      bleached--a single-cell analogue of Rushton's "theta" effect.

PMID- 3695787
TI  - Response of peripheral nerve to He-Ne laser: experimental studies.
AB  - Low-energy He-Ne laser irradiation (LELI) was found to affect the electric
      activity and morphology in both intact and severely injured peripheral nerves in
      rats. Action potential (AP) in the healthy nerve increased by 33% following a
      single transcutaneous irradiation. Similar irradiation in crushed nerves caused
      AP to increase significantly over the AP of nonirradiated crushed nerve.
      Morphological observations revealed that a laser-irradiated injured nerve had
      diminished scar tissue as compared to an injured but not an irradiated nerve.

PMID- 3695788
TI  - Effect of diodes-laser silver arsenide-aluminium (Ga-Al-As) 904 nm on healing of
      experimental wounds.
AB  - Diodes-laser silver arsenide-aluminium (Ga-Al-As) 904 nm, which was used because
      of its properties of good tissue penetration and manageability, applied 5 min
      daily for 5 days at 3,000 Hz of frequency (energy density = 3 J), promoted
      healing of experimental wounds in rats from both a microscopic and histologic
      point of view. The same laser applied in these experimental conditions (number of
      rats was eight for each group) at the same energy density (3 J) for 10 min daily
      during 5 days at 1,500 Hz of frequency did not affect the experimental wounds.

PMID- 3695789
TI  - [Health and smoking].

PMID- 3695790
TI  - [Accompanying histological changes in the cervix uteri in carcinoma in situ and
      early invasive carcinoma].

PMID- 3695791
TI  - [Arterial hypertension and functional heart capacity].

PMID- 3695792
TI  - [Early gastric carcinoma].

PMID- 3695793
TI  - [An asbestos interlobar pleural plaque].

PMID- 3695794
TI  - [Smoking is harmful to human health].

PMID- 3695795
TI  - [The role of radical cystectomy in the treatment of invasive bladder carcinoma].

PMID- 3695796
TI  - [Health information systems and their role in the development of health care].

PMID- 3695797
TI  - [The role of information methods in modern clinical practice].

PMID- 3695798
TI  - In vivo effects of zinc deficiency on calmodulin concentrations in selected rat
      tissues.
AB  - Two groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats, one fed zinc-deficient diet, ad libitum,
      the other, pair-fed with the same diet, but given supplemental zinc in the
      drinking water (8 mg Zn++/ml) were studied. After ten weeks of diet, rats were
      exsanguinated and zinc and calmodulin concentrations in brain and testis were
      measured. Mean zinc concentration in testis was significantly decreased in rats
      fed zinc-deficient diet without supplemental Zn++, but mean zinc concentration in
      brain was not different. Similarly, mean calmodulin concentration in testis was
      decreased in rats fed zinc-deficient diet without supplemental Zn++ whereas mean
      calmodulin concentration in brain was not different. Distribution studies of zinc
      and calmodulin showed that both zinc and calmodulin were released more freely
      into soluble fractions of testis in rats fed zinc-deficient diet without
      supplemental Zn++. These results indicate, for the first time in in vivo studies,
      that zinc influences the calmodulin content of testis.

PMID- 3695799
TI  - Bright artificial light subsensitizes a central muscarinic mechanism.
AB  - Supersensitivity of a muscarinic mechanism is implicated in the pathophysiology
      of depression. Bright artificial light is efficacious in the treatment of
      Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). We studied the effect of constant bright light
      (11,500 lux) on the sensitivity of adult, male rats to oxotremorine, 1.5 mg/kg
      ip, using a repeated measures design. Oxotremorine challenges were proceeded by
      the injection of methylscopolamine, 1 mg/kg ip, by 30 minutes. Temperature was
      telemetrically measured every 10 minutes for 120 minutes starting 10 minutes
      after the injection of oxotremorine. Prior to and after 7 continuous days of
      exposure to bright light, the sample exhibited a hypothermic response of 2.50 +/-
      0.48 degrees C (mean +/- SEM) and 0.29 +/- 0.31 degrees C (mean +/- SEM),
      respectively (p less than 0.0014). All 7 animals exhibited blunting to the
      thermic response to oxotremorine. Bright light also blocked the capacity of
      amitriptyline to supersensitize a central muscarinic mechanism. Exposure to light
      at an intensity of 300 lux for 7 days had no effect on the thermic response to
      oxotremorine. These data are consistent with the hypotheses that the biology of
      depression involves supersensitivity of central muscarinic mechanisms and that
      the effects of bright artificial light are not the consequence of shifting
      circadian rhythms.

PMID- 3695800
TI  - Recovery of the visual evoked response in the cat following administration of
      diisopropylfluorophosphate, an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor.
AB  - Visual evoked responses (VER) to counterphased gratings were recorded from area
      17 of cat visual cortex prior to and following administration of
      diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP). The VER and acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
      activity of blood, retina, and visual cortex were reduced significantly following
      DFP administration. Approximately two hours after exposure to 4 mg/kg DFP, the
      VER began to recover and in some cats returned to base line levels. In contrast,
      blood, retina, and cortex AChE activity showed little, if any, tendency for
      recovery throughout the experiment. Since atropine sulfate provided at least
      partial recovery of the VER following DFP without affecting AChE inhibition, an
      accumulation of acetylcholine (ACh) probably is involved in the initial visual
      loss. However, recovery of the VER over time while AChE remained severely
      inhibited implicates mechanisms other than, or in addition to, accumulation of
      ACh at receptor sites.

PMID- 3695801
TI  - Evidence that muscimol acts in the forced swimming test by activating the rat
      dopaminergic system.
AB  - Muscimol as well as catecholaminergic drugs reduce immobility time in the forced
      swimming test. In view of the fact that GABAergic drugs may facilitate some brain
      catecholaminergic functions, we investigated as to whether or not muscimol would
      reduce immobility time through activation of catecholaminergic mechanisms. The
      effect of muscimol (2 mg/Kg i.p.) on reduction of immobility time was prevented
      by intraperitoneal alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine (250 mg/Kg i.p.), which reduces
      brain catecholamine content, haloperidol (0.5 mg/Kg) and sulpiride (100 and 50
      mg/Kg), antidopaminergic drugs, and meta-chlorphenyl-piperazine (0.6 and 1.25
      mg/Kg), a serotonergic agonist, but not by clonidine (0.1 mg/Kg), an alpha2
      adrenoceptor agonist, d, 1-propranolol (5 mg/Kg), an antagonist of beta
      adrenergic receptors, or subcutaneous prazosin (3 mg/Kg), an alpha1-adrenolytic
      drug. Our findings indicate that a) muscimol reduces immobility time by
      stimulating dopaminergic neurons and b) activation of the serotonergic system
      antagonizes muscimol effect.

PMID- 3695802
TI  - Effects of oral and intravenous administrations of dopamine and L-dopa on plasma
      levels of two isomers of dopamine sulfate in man.
AB  - The levels of two isomers of dopamine sulfate, dopamine-3-O-sulfate (DA3S) and
      dopamine-4-O-sulfate (DA4S), in human plasma were measured by HPLC-fluorometry.
      The basal plasma levels of DA3S and DA4S in the early morning were 13.8 +/- 1.9
      and 3.2 +/- 0.5 pmoles/ml, respectively (means +/- S.E.M.). Oral administrations
      of dopamine (50 mg/body) and 1-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA, 250 mg/body)
      increased the plasma levels of these dopamine sulfates almost 100-fold to 1807 +/
      266 and 1674 +/- 195 pmoles/ml of DA3S, and 466 +/- 83 and 321 +/- 76 pmoles/ml
      of DA4S. Intravenous dopamine infusion (5 micrograms/kg/min for 30 min) markedly
      increased the plasma free dopamine concentration, as expected, but increased the
      levels of DA3S and DA4S only slightly to 110 +/- 32 and 25 +/- 9 pmoles/ml,
      respectively. In contrast, intravenous L-DOPA (25 mg/body) resulted in a slight
      increase of free dopamine followed by marked increases of DA3S and DA4S to 691 +/
      219 and 139 +/- 40 pmoles/ml, respectively. These data indicate that O-sulfation
      of dopamine, especially 3-O-sulfation, is the main pathway for metabolism of
      intravenously and orally administered L-DOPA and orally ingested dopamine. This
      sulfation is suggested to occur in the gut wall.

PMID- 3695803
TI  - Dopamine receptors in human gastrointestinal mucosa.
AB  - Dopamine is a putative enteric neurotransmitter that has been implicated in
      exocrine secretory and motility functions of the gastrointestinal tract of
      several mammalian species including man. This study was designed to determine the
      presence of dopamine binding sites in human gastric and duodenal mucosa and to
      describe certain biochemical characteristics of these enteric receptor sites. The
      binding assay was performed in triplicate with tissue homogenates obtained from
      healthy volunteers of both sexes using 3H-dopamine as a ligand. The extent of
      nonspecific binding was determined in the presence of a 100-fold excess of
      unlabeled dopamine. Scatchard analysis performed with increasing concentrations
      of 3H-dopamine (20-500 nM) revealed a single class of saturable dopamine binding
      sites in gastric and duodenal mucosa. Binding parameters obtained from the
      regression lines of the Scatchard plots of gastric mucosa of males were Bmax =
      73.4 +/- 4.0 pmoles/mg protein; KD = 154 +/- 20 nM and Bmax = 95 +/- 13.6
      pmoles/mg protein and KD = 826 +/- 200 nM in females. In duodenal mucosa of males
      these parameters were Bmax = 63.9 +/- 15.9 pmoles/protein; KD = 235 +/- 53 nM and
      Bmax = 83.2 +/- 19.4 pmoles/mg protein; KD = 568 +/- 104 nM in females. The
      results of this report demonstrate the presence of specific dopamine receptors in
      human gastric and duodenal mucosa. These biochemical data suggest that molecular
      abnormalities of these receptor sites may be operative in the pathogenesis of
      important gastrointestinal disorders.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3695804
TI  - Decreased tyrosine transport in fibroblasts from schizophrenic patients.
AB  - Amino acid transport was studied in vitro in cultured fibroblasts from
      schizophrenic patients and controls. An isolated decrease in the transport
      capacity (Vmax) for tyrosine was observed in cells from the patients. The Km for
      tyrosine transport was unaffected. The kinetic parameters for phenylalanine,
      tryptophan, leucine and glycine transport did not differ between patients and
      controls. Competitive inhibition among the amino acids transported by the L
      system and its exchange properties were normal in cells from the patients. No
      differences in intracellular levels of amino acids between patients and controls
      were observed. The decreased tyrosine transport in the cells from schizophrenic
      patients appears not to be related to any known amino acid transport system and
      may reflect a more general defect in plasma membrane function in schizophrenia.

PMID- 3695805
TI  - Effects of protein intake variation and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on
      renal function in chronic renal disease.
AB  - Fifteen patients with chronic renal disease of various origin were investigated
      after 4 weeks protein restriction, after 4 weeks high protein intake and finally,
      after 8 weeks dietary supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
      (PUFA's), while adhering to a high protein intake. The highest values for
      effective renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate were observed after 8
      weeks dietary supplementation with omega-3 PUFA's without a relationship with
      baseline values. Calculated renal resistance fell after omega-3 PUFA
      supplementation. Whether long term dietary supplementation with omega-3 PUFA's
      will influence the progression of chronic renal insufficiency in man needs
      further study.

PMID- 3695806
TI  - Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) inhibits 17 beta-estradiol binding to
      estrogen receptor from human prostate.
AB  - Estrogen receptor binding studies were performed on cytosol obtained from human
      benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissue. Binding assays were done in the
      absence or presence of various concentrations of phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride
      (PMSF). Saturation analysis and Scatchard plots showed that the binding of 17
      beta -estradiol to the estrogen receptor (ER) was inhibited by PMSF. The nature
      of the inhibition appears to be uncompetitive, as determined from double
      reciprocal plots. Glycerol density gradient centrifugation analysis also
      confirmed the results obtained with Scatchard plots. The inhibition observed in
      the presence of dithiothreitol (DTT) was greater than the inhibition observed in
      the absence of DTT. The maximum number of binding sites (Bmax) observed in our
      present study was 59.1 +/- 34.1 fmol/mg protein with an equilibrium dissociation
      constant (KD) of 2.2 +/- 2.2 nM. Our study indicates that PMSF significantly
      affects 17 beta -estradiol binding to ER and consequently alters the estimation
      of ER in Human BPH.

PMID- 3695807
TI  - Hypnotic activity of N3-benzylthymidine on mice.
AB  - The pharmacological effect in mice of N3-benzylthymidine (N3-ByTd) was examined
      by two routes of administration; intravenous (i.v.) and intracerebroventricular
      (i.c.v.), and compared with the effect of administration of N3-benzyluridine (N3
      ByUd) previously reported. Hypnotic activity, pentobarbital (PB)-induced sleeping
      time, motor incoordination and spontaneous activity were used as indices of
      pharmacological effects. N3-ByTd (0.5-2.0 mumol/mouse, i.c.v.) and N3-ByUd (1.5
      3.0 mumol/mouse, i.c.v.) were found to possess dose-dependent hypnotic activity,
      and N3-ByTd had more potent hypnotic activity than N3-ByUd. Both N3-ByTd and N3
      ByUd (0.5 and 1.0 mumol/mouse, i.c.v., respectively) showed a synergistic effect
      on PB-induced sleep, although their parent compounds, thymidine (Td) and uridine
      (Ud), did not potentiate the activity at each dose. In motor incoordination, the
      effect of N3-ByTd (0.5 mumol/mouse) continued for 6 hr after i.c.v. injection.
      All compounds decreased the spontaneous activity of mice by i.c.v.
      administration. Furthermore, both N3-ByTd and N3-ByUd decreased the activity,
      when they were administered by i.v. These results reveal that both N3
      benzylpyrimidine nucleosides have more direct depressant effects on the central
      nervous system (CNS) than the parent compounds. Among the pyrimidine nucleoside
      derivatives tested, N3-ByTd was found to be the most potent hypnotic substance.

PMID- 3695808
TI  - Interaction of disopyramide enantiomers for sites on plasma protein.
AB  - The binding of disopyramide enantiomers to donor plasma to which had been added
      human alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AAG) was characterized alone and in the presence
      of the opposite enantiomer. At pre-dialysis concentrations of 10(-5) M, S(+)
      disopyramide increased the percent of R(-)-disopyramide free (unbound) 2.6-fold
      from 11 to 30%. At similar pre-dialysis concentrations, R(-)-disopyramide
      increased the percent of S(+)-disopyramide free 2-fold from 4.1 to 9.0%.
      Differences in the binding of one enantiomer due to the presence of the other
      were due to apparent changes in association constant; no changes in capacity to
      bind the enantiomers were observed. It is concluded that the enantiomers of
      disopyramide compete with each other for one site on AAG.

PMID- 3695809
TI  - A rapid and sensitive method for the identification and quantitation of sub
      picomolar amounts of neurohypophysial peptides.
AB  - A simple, rapid and sensitive method, using isocratic reversed-phase HPLC, is
      described for the concomitant identification and quantitation of low levels of
      the various neurohypophysial peptides in biological tissues and fluids. The
      method requires little or no sample preparation and utilises UV peak detection at
      215 nm with a serial signal amplification system to achieve a usable maximum
      sensitivity of less than 200 fmol of peptide.

PMID- 3695810
TI  - Malic enzyme response to triiodothyronine in the brain of neonatal rats.
AB  - Malic enzyme activity in the soluble fraction of the neonatal brain of
      hypothyroid rats was observed to be lowered as compared to that of the control
      animals (p less than 0.01). Administration of triiodothyronine to the neonates of
      control animals resulted in significant enhancement (p less than 0.001) in the
      activity of the Malic enzyme. Our studies show that brain malic enzyme which is
      involved in lipogenesis and hence in myelination responds to triiodothyronine in
      the early stage of life.

PMID- 3695811
TI  - Hepatic protein kinase C: translocation stimulated by prolactin and partial
      hepatectomy.
AB  - Prolactin stimulates a hepatotrophic response similar to that caused by phorbol
      esters or partial hepatectomy in rats. Since phorbol esters, which activate
      protein kinase C, mimic prolactin action in liver, the relationship between
      prolactin administration and subsequent hepatic protein kinase C translocation
      was assessed. Prolactin administration rapidly stimulated a 4-fold elevation of
      membrane protein kinase C activity. The effect of prolactin on hepatic protein
      kinase C was specific for lactogenic hormones but could be duplicated by phorbol
      esters. Further, an increase in serum prolactin was demonstrated subsequent to
      partial hepatectomy and preceding hepatic protein kinase C translocation.
      Therefore, translocation of hepatic protein kinase C appears important for
      hepatic proliferation in response to prolactin administration and to partial
      hepatectomy.

PMID- 3695812
TI  - Autoradiographic localization of nicotinic receptor binding in rat brain using
      [3H]methylcarbamylcholine, a novel radioligand.
AB  - Light microscopic autoradiography was used to visualize the neuroanatomical
      distribution of nicotinic receptors in rat brain using a novel radioligand,
      [3H]methylcarbamylcholine (MCC). Specific [3H]MCC binding to slide-mounted tissue
      sections of rat brain was saturable, reversible and of high affinity. Data
      analysis revealed a single population of [3H]MCC binding sites with a Kd value of
      1.8 nM and Bmax of 20.1 fmol/mg protein. Nicotinic agonists and antagonists
      competed for [3H]MCC binding sites in slide-mounted brain sections with much
      greater potency than muscarinic drugs. The rat brain areas containing the highest
      densities of [3H]MCC binding were in thalamic regions, the medial habenular
      nucleus and the superior colliculus. Moderate densities of [3H]MCC binding were
      seen over the anterior cingulate cortex, the nucleus accumbens, the zona compacta
      of substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area. Low densities of [3H]MCC binding
      were found in most other brain regions. These data suggest that [3H]MCC
      selectively labels central nicotinic receptors and that these receptors are
      concentrated in the thalamus, the medial habenular nucleus and the superior
      colliculus of the rat brain.

PMID- 3695813
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies identifying antigens on distinct domains of rat
      hepatocytes.
AB  - To aid in evaluating the functional significance of various domains of the
      hepatocyte plasma membrane, we have developed monoclonal antibodies that react
      with three different antigens on the surface of rat hepatocytes. One antigen is
      present on the sinusoidal-lateral plasma membrane but is absent from the bile
      canalicular membrane. On the basis of apparent molecular weight and ability to
      bind a desialylated glycoprotein, this antigen may be the asialoglycoprotein
      receptor. It was also identified immunocytochemically on the sinusoidal-lateral
      plasma membrane of human hepatocytes. The second antigen is present only on the
      bile canalicular membrane, whereas the third is present on the entire cell
      surface of rat hepatocytes. Our monoclonal antibodies may be useful in
      investigations of the sorting mechanisms of hepatocyte membrane proteins and the
      pathogenesis of certain liver diseases.

PMID- 3695814
TI  - Pattern of progression in liver injury following jejunoileal bypass for morbid
      obesity.
AB  - Liver biopsies from 34 patients with morbid obesity, performed before and 5-9
      months after jejunoileal bypass, were studied. The patients were divided into
      four groups according to preoperative findings: A: no or slight steatosis (15
      patients), B: moderate-severe steatosis (6), C: steatohepatitis (steatosis +
      lobular lymphocytic inflammation) (8), D: steatofibrosis (steatosis +
      pericellular fibrosis) (5). In Group A, 12 patients showed postoperative
      progression to either moderate/severe steatosis, steatohepatitis, or
      steatofibrosis. In Group B, all patients progressed to steatohepatitis or
      steatofibrosis, and one developed septate fibrosis. All patients in Group C
      progressed to steatofibrosis, and 5 developed septate fibrosis or cirrhosis. In
      Group D, 3 developed bridging fibrosis. Mallory bodies appeared postoperatively
      in 11 patients (32%), all of whom preoperatively had either severe steatosis,
      steatohepatitis, or steatofibrosis. Only patients with postoperative pericellular
      fibrosis and Mallory bodies developed deranged architecture: 6 septate/bridging
      fibrosis, and 3 cirrhosis. Five patients, all with deranged architecture,
      developed reversible liver insufficiency. Progressive liver injury after
      jejunoileal bypass appears to reflect aggravation of a pre-existing liver lesion.
      The sequence of events: increasing steatosis, lobular lymphocytic inflammation,
      pericellular fibrosis, Mallory bodies, and deranged architecture is similar to
      that of the alcoholic liver lesion, indicating common pathogenetic mechanisms.

PMID- 3695815
TI  - Features of chronic hepatitis in alcoholics. A survey in Milan.
AB  - A study was carried out to confirm the pathogenetic role of ethanol in the
      development of chronic active hepatitis (CAH) and to assess if previous or
      current superimposed hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection could be relevant to the
      course of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). We examined clinical and laboratory
      reports of 57 alcoholics with biopsy-proven CAH. Serum and/or tissue HBV markers
      and the presence or absence of cirrhosis were investigated. Alcohol was the only
      aetiological factor present in a small group of CAH, with or without histological
      findings suggestive of alcoholic damage. Age, sex and survival were similar among
      the subgroups of CAH with and without previous or current HBV infection and among
      the subgroups of CAH with and without associated histological alcoholic features.
      Among the laboratory data, the AST/ALT ratio was higher in CAH without previous
      or current HBV infection. The mean age was comparable in CAH patients with and
      without cirrhosis, whereas the cumulative 5-year survival was worse in CAH with
      cirrhosis (87% vs. 49%). These data suggest a difference in alcohol
      susceptibility in our subjects.

PMID- 3695816
TI  - The characteristics of alcoholic liver disease in Japan. Clinicopathologic
      comparison with alcoholic liver disease in the United States.
AB  - Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) in Japan was compared clinicopathologically with
      the occurrence in the U.S.A. ALD found in Japan was more frequently complicated
      by other hepatic diseases including non-A, non-B chronic hepatitis than ALD found
      in the U.S.A. (9.9% versus 21.9%). Patients with such complications were excluded
      from this study. The chief complaints of the total of 51 alcoholics studied in
      the U.S.A. were abdominal distension or jaundice and those of 98 alcoholics
      studied in Japan were non-specific: general fatigue, weakness or appetite loss.
      The U.S. patients exhibited more elevated levels of serum bilirubin (8.1 +/- 7.5
      versus 1.9 +/- 2.4 mg/dl, mean +/- SD) and a higher incidence of leukocytosis
      (49.0% versus 5.1%). While the serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT)
      levels were not significantly different between the two groups (146.5 +/- 116.8
      versus 140.8 +/- 147.7 IU/L), the serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT)
      levels among Japanese alcoholics were higher (38.6 +/- 31.4 versus 87.4 +/- 99.1
      IU/L) and in about one quarter of these patients, serum GPT was higher than serum
      GOT, a feature not seen in the patients in the U.S.A. Comparative histopathologic
      study of 337 U.S. patients and 210 Japanese patients disclosed a higher frequency
      of cirrhosis (46.9% versus 33.8%), the presence of Mallory bodies (58.5% versus
      13.8%) and marked neutrophilic exudation (45.1% versus 6.2%). Thus, the majority
      of Japanese alcoholics exhibited progression of liver disease, eventually leading
      to cirrhosis, due to hepatocellular drop-out and fibrosis caused by a mechanism
      different from alcoholic hepatitis. In addition, ALD in the U.S.A. revealed more
      striking extension of fibrosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3695817
TI  - Serological assessment of HBcAg and HBV DNA: its prognostic relevance in acute
      hepatitis B.
AB  - Treatment of serum precipitates with sodium thiocyanate in patients with
      hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication results in liberation of circulating
      hepatitis core antigen (HBcAg) which can be demonstrated radioimmunologically.
      Follow-up investigations were performed in 80 patients with acute hepatitis B.
      Sera were examined for HBcAg. HBV DNA and conventional HBV markers. At the time
      of admission to hospital 34 of 80 (42%) patients were HBeAg positive. Twenty-six
      (76%) of the 34 HBcAg positive patients were HBV DNA positive, and circulating
      HBcAg was detectable in 25 of 34 (73%) HBcAg positive cases. In patients with
      uncomplicated courses of acute hepatitis B the serological HBcAg assay and HBV
      DNA became negative 1 to 8 weeks before elimination of HBeAg and up to 12 weeks
      earlier than the sera became negative for HBsAg. Five patients (6%) showed
      transition to chronic hepatitis B with persistence of HBsAg, HBeAg, HBV DNA and
      HBcAg in serum. One patient with acute hepatitis B and development of chronic
      hepatitis suffered from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and showed delayed
      formation of anti-HBc. In this case uncomplexed HBcAg was demonstrable during the
      acute phase of hepatitis B. With the appearance of anti-HBc HBcAg circulated in a
      complexed form. The data indicate that serological determinations of HBcAg and
      HBV DNA can serve as prognostic markers in the early phase of acute hepatitis B.
      The demonstration of uncomplexed HBcAg in serum of a patient with inadequate
      formation of anti-HBc supports the hypothesis that circulating HBcAg is usually
      complexed by specific antibodies.

PMID- 3695818
TI  - ECG-triggered arterial FLASH-MR flow measurement using an external standard.
AB  - In ECG-triggered FLASH-MR images, the inflow of unsaturated spins into the
      imaging plane results in the reproducible delineation of time variant flow in the
      arterial system. With the additional acquisition of an external reference image
      upstream the arterial vessel under investigation, the quantification of flow is
      possible with the FLASH-MR sequence in one measurement. The method allows the
      rapid measurement of arterial flow at least in great vessels.

PMID- 3695819
TI  - The rotator cuff tear: MR evaluation.
AB  - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is evolving as a particularly valuable
      diagnostic procedure in the evaluation of musculoskeletal pathology. To assess
      the role of MRI as applied to the shoulder, we examined eight normal volunteers,
      six patients with seven arthrographically proven rotator cuff tears and two
      patients with impingement symptomatology but with negative double contrast
      conventional and computed tomographic arthrography. The studies were performed on
      a 1-Tesla magnet operating at 0.5 Tesla. Coronal T1-weighted images were obtained
      in all cases and coronal spin density and T2-weighted pulse sequences were
      employed in two cases. In the normal individuals, the supraspinatus muscle and
      tendon could be consistently demonstrated. The proximal humeral marrow, the
      superior glenoid labrum, and the acromioclavicular joint could also be examined.
      Findings in patients with rotator cuff tears included: (1) hypointense gap within
      the supraspinatus muscle-tendon complex on T1-weighted sequences, (2) absence of
      a demonstrable supraspinatus tendon with narrowing of the subacromial space
      secondary to elevation of the humeral head, and (3) increased signal within the
      supraspinatus tendon on T2-weighted images. In the patients with impingement
      syndrome and negative arthrography, MR demonstrated elevation of the
      supraspinatus tendon with subacromial impingement in one case and a normal
      supraspinatus tendon in the other. Impingement on the coracoacroaminal arch
      causes progressive fibrosis, atrophy, and eventual tear of the rotator cuff. The
      potential applications of MRI relative to the shoulder include assessment of
      tendon retraction in patients with supraspinatus tears and noninvasive evaluation
      of patients with impingement syndrome, permitting etiologic determinations,
      hopefully before irreversible tendon injury has occurred.

PMID- 3695820
TI  - In vitro adrenal cortex lesions characterization by NMR spectroscopy.
AB  - Percentage of lipid content of 22 adrenal cortex lesions and their water proton
      longitudinal relaxation time were measured in vitro at 60 MHz. Although water
      relaxation times obtained on benign and malignant samples overlap each other,
      measurements of the percentage of lipids performed on the same tissues allow us
      to distinguish the two pathologies. The specific tool of characterization should
      be possible to obtain through in vivo spectroscopic imaging techniques.

PMID- 3695821
TI  - 3D reconstruction of the brain from magnetic resonance images using a
      connectivity algorithm.
AB  - We present high resolution three dimensional (3D) connectivity, surface
      construction and display algorithms that detect, extract, and display the surface
      of a brain from contiguous magnetic resonance (MR) images. The algorithms
      identify the external brain surface and create a 3D image, showing the fissures
      and surface convolutions of the cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, and brain stem.
      Images produced by these algorithms also show the morphology of other soft tissue
      boundaries such as the cerebral ventricular system and the skin of the patient.
      For the purposes of 3D reconstruction, our experiments show that T1 weighted
      images give better contrast between the surface of the brain and the cerebral
      spinal fluid than T2 weighted images. 3D reconstruction of MR data provides a non
      invasive procedure for examination of the brain surface and other anatomical
      features.

PMID- 3695822
TI  - The influence of macromolecular polymerization of spin-lattice relaxation of
      aqueous solutions.
AB  - The docking or polymerization of globular proteins is demonstrated to cause
      changes in proton NMR spin-lattice (T1) relaxation times. Studies on solutions of
      lysozyme, bovine serum albumin, actin, and tubulin are used to demonstrate that
      two mechanisms account for the observed changes in T1. Polymerization displaces
      the hydration water sheath surrounding globular proteins in solution that causes
      an increase in T1. Polymerization also slows the average tumbling rate of the
      proteins, which typically causes a contrary decrease in T1. The crystallization
      reaction of lysozyme in sodium chloride solution further demonstrates that the
      "effective" molecular weight can either decrease or increase T1 depending on how
      much the protein is slowed. The displacement of hydration water increases T1
      because it speeds up the mean motional state of water in the solution.
      Macromolecular docking typically decreases T1 because it slows the mean motional
      state of the solute molecules. Cross-relaxation between the proteins and bound
      water provides the mechanism that allows macromolecular motion to influence the
      relaxation rate of the solvent. Fast chemical exchange between bound, structured,
      and bulk water accounts for monoexponential spin-lattice relaxation. Thus the
      spin-lattice relaxation rate of water in protein solutions is a complex
      reflection of the motional properties of all the molecules present containing
      proton magnetic dipoles. It is expected, as a result, that the characteristic
      relaxation times of tissues will reflect the influence of polymerization changes
      related to cellular activities.

PMID- 3695823
TI  - The value of MRI in evaluating perirectal and pelvic disease.
AB  - MRI of the perirectal region is facilitated by the superb soft tissue contrast,
      multiplanar imaging capability, lack of respiratory motion artifact and absence
      of clip artifact which can hamper visualization by CT scan. MRI provides distinct
      advantages over CT scanning without the need for ionizing radiation or the
      injection of intravenous contrast material. This study reviews the findings in 18
      consecutive patients with a variety of perirectal pathologies including rectal
      carcinoma (3), gynecologic neoplasm (8), sacral lesions (2), pelvic arteriovenous
      malformations (2), inflammatory bowel disease (2), and a pelvic kidney (1). In
      the perirectal region, MR was useful to show normal tissue planes, benign
      processes which can mimic neoplasm, intrapelvic extension of malignancy and
      adenopathy.

PMID- 3695824
TI  - Multi-exponential relaxation analysis with MR imaging and NMR spectroscopy using
      fat-water systems.
AB  - This study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of multiexponential
      relaxation data analysis to MR imaging techniques. The first part of this study
      contains accurate relaxation time measurements performed on a conventional
      spectrometer. In the second part, essentially the same measuring techniques were
      applied but now on standard whole body MR imaging equipment. T2 relaxation was
      measured using multi-echo techniques, T1 relaxation using multiple inversion
      recovery measurements. Manganese chloride solutions were used for verification of
      the single exponential model. Water and fat mixtures were considered for multi
      exponentiality. Pure fat showed an intrinsic two-exponentiality in T1 and T2
      relaxation. Mixtures of fat and water were analyzed and could at best be
      characterized by two exponentials, although at least three exponentials were
      known to be present. From the two-exponential fit the relative amounts of fat and
      water were calculated and compared with the mixture composition. Statistical
      criteria are discussed to discriminate between single and double exponential
      behavior in relaxation curves. It is concluded that the time consuming IR
      measurements for the determination of multiple T1 relaxation are not applicable
      in a clinical environment. Multiple T2 relaxation can be determined in a
      reasonable amount of time using multiple echo measurements in one image
      acquisition. It is shown that the observed values of T1 and T2 from tissues with
      intrinsic multiexponential relaxation behavior, measured with MR imaging or MR
      relaxation techniques on a whole-body imager or a conventional spectrometer,
      depend strongly on the way the experiments are set up and on the model accepted
      for data analysis.

PMID- 3695825
TI  - Visualization of myocardial infarction and subsequent coronary reperfusion with
      MRI using a dog model.
AB  - Twelve anesthetized mongrel dogs underwent left thoracotomy with placement of a
      removable ligature around the left circumflex coronary artery. Following a 3 to 6
      hour delay, ECG-gated spin-echo MRI was performed. The ligature was then removed
      reperfusing the heart, and after a 10-15 min period, MRI repeated. Finally, post
      sacrifice images were obtained, and the hearts chemically stained for infarct
      evaluation. The MR images were subjectively and quantitatively evaluated for
      visibility of the endocardial border and of the injured myocardium, and for
      changes after reperfusion. The injured tissue was variably visible in vivo, the
      major limitation a result of motion blurring and artifact. The abnormal tissue
      was easily visible on MRI in 11 animals, and not clearly visible in one. The
      endocardial border was easily seen in 10 animals. The variation of calculated
      relaxation times was high for both normal and ischemic/infarcted myocardium in
      the beating hearts (normal: T1 = 566 +/- 288, T2 = 38 +/- 6; injured myocardium:
      T1 = 637 +/- 250, T2 = 41 +/- 12) in contrast, relatively stationary skeletal
      muscle measured in the same images had narrower ranges (T1 = 532 +/- 199, T2 = 28
      +/- 2). Changes with reperfusion were seen, but not reliably. The infarcted or
      ischemic zones were easily visible on post-sacrifice images in all animals
      imaged. Post-sacrifice relaxation times were T1 = 564 +/- 69 msec, T2 = 39 +/- 3
      msec for normal heart muscle, and 725 +/- 114, T2 = 47 +/- 5 for
      ischemic/infarcted tissue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3695826
TI  - Middle ear prosthesis: significance in magnetic resonance imaging.
AB  - The Armstrong model of the Schuknecht gel foam and wire prosthesis was tested in
      the magnetic field of a 1.5 Tesla magnet. The wire component of the prosthesis
      was found to be non-magnetic. Patients with this prosthesis can therefore undergo
      MRI examination safely. Two previous articles from the non radiologic literature
      concerning the magnetic properties of metallic middle ear prostheses are
      reviewed.

PMID- 3695827
TI  - Adolescent pregnancy in Maryland: trends and outcomes.

PMID- 3695828
TI  - Summary report: Governor's Task Force on Teen Pregnancy.

PMID- 3695829
TI  - Medical complications in adolescent pregnancy.

PMID- 3695830
TI  - Sexually transmitted diseases among adolescents.

PMID- 3695831
TI  - Psychological and social considerations in adolescent pregnancy management.

PMID- 3695833
TI  - The physician and community resources: services for the pregnant adolescent.

PMID- 3695832
TI  - Adolescent pregnancy prevention.

PMID- 3695834
TI  - Resources from the March of Dimes.

PMID- 3695835
TI  - [A comparison of pulmonary functions after upper-abdominal surgery using epidural
      butorphanol, nalbuphine and morphine].

PMID- 3695836
TI  - [Anesthetic evaluation of the morbidly obese patient].

PMID- 3695837
TI  - [Effects of lidocaine, meperidine or fentanyl on pain and clinical
      thrombophlebitis induced by intravenous diazepam].

PMID- 3695838
TI  - [Caudal block in vaginal delivery].

PMID- 3695839
TI  - [Pulse oximeter].

PMID- 3695840
TI  - Anesthesia for congenital esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula
      combine with dextrocardia--case report.

PMID- 3695841
TI  - [Anesthetic management for the primigravida with rheumatic heart disease--a case
      report].

PMID- 3695842
TI  - The prevalence, mechanism and clinical significance of lithium-induced
      hypercalcaemia.

PMID- 3695843
TI  - The effect of in vitro sialylation of human fibrinogen.

PMID- 3695844
TI  - A normal reference range for erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in a
      Saudi population.

PMID- 3695845
TI  - Detection of heavy chain diseases in Hong Kong, 1984-85.

PMID- 3695846
TI  - Red cell antigen typing using eluted antibodies in a modified antiglobulin test.

PMID- 3695847
TI  - Biochemistry for sick and pre-term neonates.

PMID- 3695848
TI  - Quality assurance. 3. External quality assessment.

PMID- 3695849
TI  - Measurement of plasma ionised calcium: comparison of calcium-titrated sodium
      heparin and lithium heparin as anticoagulants.

PMID- 3695850
TI  - The place of the clinician in legal medicine.

PMID- 3695851
TI  - Codification of the law of homicide.

PMID- 3695852
TI  - Victims of violence: a demographic and clinical study.

PMID- 3695853
TI  - Medico-legal aspects of contact between children and their families of origin and
      others who have been important in their lives.

PMID- 3695854
TI  - Police admissions to psychiatric hospitals: a challenge to community psychiatry?

PMID- 3695855
TI  - Computers in forensic medicine--I.

PMID- 3695856
TI  - Computers in forensic medicine--II.

PMID- 3695857
TI  - Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS): the Metropolitan Dade County experience,
      1979-1983.

PMID- 3695858
TI  - Sudden natural death due to pulmonary thromboembolism in the Medical Examiner's
      jurisdiction.

PMID- 3695859
TI  - Determination of sex from the pubic bone.

PMID- 3695860
TI  - A study of attempted suicides in prisons.

PMID- 3695861
TI  - Iatrogenic crime: medicinal therapy, prescribed drugs, and criminal behaviour.

PMID- 3695862
TI  - [Role of the nurse in organizing child care in preschool institutions].

PMID- 3695863
TI  - [Abuse of household chemicals in adolescence].

PMID- 3695864
TI  - [Role of paramedical personnel in preventing tooth and periodontal diseases].

PMID- 3695865
TI  - [Negative effect of ethyl alcohol (ethanol) on the embryo and fetus].

PMID- 3695866
TI  - [Cardiac asthma].

PMID- 3695867
TI  - [Protection of the health of children in the USSR].

PMID- 3695868
TI  - [Extracorporeal blood purification methods in treating nonspecific lung
      diseases].

PMID- 3695869
TI  - [Use of broncholytic preparations in bronchial asthma in children].

PMID- 3695870
TI  - [Nutritional characteristics of the middle-aged and elderly].

PMID- 3695871
TI  - [Modern methods in the diagnosis of female genital tuberculosis].

PMID- 3695872
TI  - [Deontology in the work of younger medical personnel].

PMID- 3695873
TI  - [Organizational problems of the 2-stage system of patient care].

PMID- 3695874
TI  - [Smoking and the nervous system].

PMID- 3695875
TI  - [Smoking and women's health].

PMID- 3695876
TI  - [Participation of nurses in scientific and practical work].

PMID- 3695877
TI  - [The use of lasers in medicine].

PMID- 3695878
TI  - [Physiotherapy in the system of rehabilitating athletic work capacity].

PMID- 3695879
TI  - [Therapeutic physical exercise in closed rib fractures].

PMID- 3695880
TI  - [Physical methods of treating polyneuropathies with predominant involvement of
      the autonomic nervous system].

PMID- 3695881
TI  - [The public health--on a new qualitative basis].

PMID- 3695882
TI  - [Rehabilitative treatment of patients with a history of subarachnoidal hemorrhage
      and of operations for ruptured cerebral aneurysms].

PMID- 3695883
TI  - [Role of the senior medical worker in detecting and preventing constitutional
      exogenous obesity in children].

PMID- 3695884
TI  - [Role of the nurse in rendering emergency medical care to children with eye
      injuries].

PMID- 3695885
TI  - [Characteristics of the technics of physiotherapeutic procedures].

PMID- 3695886
TI  - [Operating characteristics of the Elektronika-100D portable x-ray diagnostic
      apparatus].

PMID- 3695887
TI  - [Characteristics of surveying adolescents who abuse alcohol].

PMID- 3695888
TI  - [Role of head nurses in organizing socialist competition].

PMID- 3695890
TI  - [A method of determining the kinematic parameters of artificial/disk heart
      valves].
AB  - The described method makes it possible to determine the kinematic parameters of
      the artificial cardial disk valves in treadmill tests. This method is more
      convenient and accurate than those proposed earlier. The article presents design
      formulae and graphs for determining the above parameters. The evaluation of the
      accuracy of measurements shows their fitness for analysing the present clinical
      and experimental models of the artificial cardiac disk valves.

PMID- 3695889
TI  - [Hemodynamic characteristics of the EMIKS disk artificial heart valves].
AB  - Analysis of the intracardiac hemodynamics have been made in 16 patients before
      and after making prosthetic appliance of the mitral valve EMIKS. The examination
      of the patients carried out 8.3 +/- 0.4 months after the operation showed that
      significant improvement of the intracardiac hemodynamics took place in patients
      with mitral valvular disease after the implantation of the EMIKS valves. With the
      cardiac output of 5.62 +/- 0.121/min the diastolic gradient with the EMIKS valves
      is 3.33 +/- 0.31 mm of M.C. and the effective opening area is 2.62 +/- 0.08 cm2.

PMID- 3695891
TI  - [Plasma- and cytapheresis equipment for extracorporeal regulation of the
      aggregative status of the blood in diseases of the cardiovascular system].
AB  - The article gives a generalized experience of using the home equipment for
      gravitational plasma- and cytapheresis for correcting the disturbances of the
      aggregate state of the blood in acute myocardial infarction, angina pectoris and
      rheumatic fever. The possibility of a wide-scale use of these devices in the
      intensive therapy and resuscitation departments has been shown. The basic tenets
      of the extracorporeal theory of regulating the aggregate state of blood have been
      formulated. A possibility of the combined use of blood fractionaters with other
      equipment for changing biochemical, biophysical and cytologic properties of blood
      has been shown.

PMID- 3695892
TI  - [Purification of biological fluids by sorbents on a base of industrial activated
      charcoal].
AB  - The authors propose using industrial activated carbon as a base for hemosorbents
      and show the methods of choosing the optimal size of the sorbent grain. The
      results of using the column with a pseudo-liquefied layer and the apparatus with
      an unfixed layer of hemosorbent are given. Using enterosorption was proposed for
      the treatment of a number of disorders including allergic diseases.

PMID- 3695893
TI  - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of DIP-type hemodialyzers with membranes of
      Soviet and foreign manufacture].

PMID- 3695894
TI  - [A method of evaluating the degree of activation of the complement system in
      patients during hemodialysis].
AB  - A quantitative criterion of the activation of the patient's complement during
      hemodialysis has been worked out on the basis of the proposed mathematical model.
      It has been shown that the activation of the complement system observed during
      hemodialysis and the negative clinical effects (leukopenia, hypoxia) accompanying
      it depend both on the membrane properties and the patient's individual response.
      A possibility has been revealed of using the above criterion for the individual
      choice of hemodialytic membranes in order to reduce the negative clinical effects
      connected with the activation of the complement system.

PMID- 3695895
TI  - [EMIKS artificial heart valves].

PMID- 3695896
TI  - [The ARPK-1 apparatus for blood reinfusion and transfusion].

PMID- 3695897
TI  - [The PF-0.5 apparatus for plasmapheresis PF-0,5].

PMID- 3695898
TI  - [The RK-0.5 apparatus for cell separation and preparation of blood].

PMID- 3695899
TI  - [The FKU-5000 universal blood separator].

PMID- 3695900
TI  - [Replacing lost functions of human organs].

PMID- 3695901
TI  - [A set of special devices made of polymer INPOLIN material for the treatment of
      cavernous tuberculosis].
AB  - The kit INPOLIN is intended for the local therapy of a tuberculosis cavern by
      spraying its walls with the powdery medicinal preparation. The kit includes a
      trochar for the cavern puncture, a device for the long-term fixation of the
      trochar tube in the cavern, a superchanging device with a spray and catheters.
      INPOLIN is intended for one course of treatment. The article describes the design
      of the instruments, their technical characteristics and the methods of using
      them.

PMID- 3695902
TI  - [Implantation of the artificial heart].
AB  - This article gives some methods of implanting an artificial heart to calves. The
      non-invasive method used to control the central hemodynamic parameters in the
      post-operative period showed high stability and informative value in operation.
      It has been shown that the heart prosthesis is well placed in the thoracic cavity
      of the human cadaver of different weight and constitution. The further
      development of the artificial heart problem in many respects depends upon the
      progress in the field of chemistry and the technology of polymers as well as
      precision equipment.

PMID- 3695903
TI  - [Alcoholism: treatment and prevention of relapses].

PMID- 3695904
TI  - [Major depression in the elderly. Clinical contribution].

PMID- 3695905
TI  - [Schizophrenic and affective disorders in multiple sclerosis. Description of 2
      clinical cases].

PMID- 3695906
TI  - [Psychological study of systemic lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 3695907
TI  - [Ganser syndrome].

PMID- 3695908
TI  - [Sex and interpersonal relations. Existential analysis].

PMID- 3695909
TI  - [Various notes on the problem of the clinical approach to psychosexual
      impotence].

PMID- 3695910
TI  - [Psychoclinical aspects of firesetting].

PMID- 3695911
TI  - [Social adaptation and psychopathology of foreign university students].

PMID- 3695912
TI  - [Personality, sexuality and voluntary drug abuse pathology in the new list of
      diseases causing exemption from military service. Analysis, considerations and
      proposals].

PMID- 3695913
TI  - Mental health transcript. Interview by Mandi Richards and Rob Burrows.

PMID- 3695914
TI  - Psychiatric nursing--fumbling in a vacuum, or grasping at opportunity?

PMID- 3695915
TI  - [Experimental autoimmunity against male accessory glands of rats. Correlation
      between specific tissular lesion and lymphocyte reactivity of thymus, bone
      marrow, spleen, ganglia and blood].

PMID- 3695916
TI  - [Electrocardiographic changes in subjects infected with Trypanosoma cruzi with
      different time of residence in areas of high endemic incidence].

PMID- 3695918
TI  - [Eosinophilic gastroenteritis with esophageal involvement].

PMID- 3695917
TI  - [Antibiotic monitoring].

PMID- 3695919
TI  - [Moyamoya disease].

PMID- 3695920
TI  - [Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and heart insufficiency as a form of presentation
      of juvenile primary hemochromatosis].

PMID- 3695921
TI  - [Systemic lupus erythematosus, cardiac insufficiency and sudden death].

PMID- 3695922
TI  - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Epidemiology, etiology and
      immunopathology].

PMID- 3695923
TI  - [Genesis of metastases].

PMID- 3695924
TI  - [Reiter's syndrome and cardiovascular involvement].

PMID- 3695925
TI  - [Ventricular arrhythmia and death. Current therapeutic alternatives].

PMID- 3695926
TI  - [Hypothermia].

PMID- 3695927
TI  - [Function of respiratory muscles in hemiplegia. Criticism on an electromyographic
      method for its evaluation].

PMID- 3695928
TI  - [Effect of gamma radiation on fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase activity in the
      erythrocytes of healthy persons after submaximal physical exertion].
AB  - The authors studied the effects of gamma radiation and submaximal physical
      exercise on aldolase activity in healthy men erythrocytes. Twelve men aged 20-22
      were examined. They underwent physical exercise at doses of 2 W/kg body weight
      for 15 minutes. Erythrocytes were exposed to gamma radiation (500 Gy doses) from
      60Co source. The activity of aldolase in erythrocytes was estimated by Fermognost
      test. The submaximal physical exercise was indicated to increase the aldolase
      activity. Gamma radiation at 500 Gy dose was found to increase aldolase enzymatic
      activity in erythrocytes both a rest and after submaximal physical exercise.

PMID- 3695929
TI  - [Superoxide dismutase activity in selected morphotic components of human
      peripheral blood].
AB  - The peripheral blood of 32 healthy men, aged 20-50 years, constituted material
      for isolating 4 cell fractions: erythrocytes, lymphocytes, granulocytes, and
      platelets. The adrenaline method was used to determine SOD enzymatic activity.
      The results of these estimations for isolated blood cells would indicate their
      following classification by the progressive activity values: platelets less than
      granulocytes less than erythrocytes less than lymphocytes. The SOD activity
      differences for the examined blood cells were statistically significant.
      Furthermore, it was found that there was a marked correlation (greater than 0.8
      probability) between the SOD activity of lymphocytes and platelets, and a
      correlation with slightly lower probability (greater than 0.7) for erythrocytes
      and platelets.

PMID- 3695931
TI  - [Evaluation of the work environment in factories producing artificial mineral
      fibers (MMMF)].
AB  - In seven MMMF producing plants, workplaces have been evaluated through
      measurements of the concentrations of the total dust and respirable fibers of
      over 5 micron length and below 3 micron diameter, using personal dosimeters of
      Cassella firm. Only in one of the plants the time weighted average concentration
      of total dust was 4.11 mg/m3, exceeding the TLV value (4.0 mg/m3). Respirable
      fibers concentrations ranged from 0.005 to 1.44 fibres/cm3, so in none of the
      plants the TLV value of 2 fibres/cm3 was reached. The greatest air dustiness was
      found at mineral wool spreading and breaking workplaces. However, such workplaces
      occur only in two plants using the oldest technology of MMMF production. Analyses
      of fibres sizes made with the use of optical and electron microscopy indicated
      that the contribution of respirable fibres to the total dust weight is slight, up
      to a dozen per cent.

PMID- 3695930
TI  - [Experimental studies of the toxic effects of 1,3,5-trioxane and 1,3-dioxolane.
      II. Cumulation of toxic effect].
AB  - The studies on the accumulation of toxic effects of TOX and DOX have been carried
      out with the Kagan and Stankiewicz method. For 7 months the rats were
      intragastrically administered, with a tube, 20% water solutions of TOX and DOX at
      1/10, 1/40 and 1/80 DL50 doses; in addition, for 4 months they were given 100%
      DOX at 1/10 DL50 doses; Within the experiment, the animals' mortality, appearance
      and behaviour were observed and once a month their body weight was determined.
      After the exposure, haematological and biochemical studies along with the
      dissection determining the weight of some internal organs were carried out. The
      intoxication symptoms were found mainly in the animals obtaining DOX at the 1/10
      DL50 dose. They were manifested by reduced body weight gain, slightly reduced
      activity of whole blood acetylcholinesterase and disturbed body equilibrium,
      weakly marked arched back, hypokinesis, slightly weakened muscular force and
      slight paresis of hind legs. On the other hand, the mortality rate did not show
      accumulated toxic effects for TOX and DOX.

PMID- 3695932
TI  - [Appearance of aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons during construction of asphalt
      and tar road surfaces].
AB  - The dust was sampled using personal samplers and stationary aspirators. PAHs were
      determined by thin layer chromatography and spectrophotometry in the UV and Vis
      range. In the samples the concentrations of coal tar pitch volatiles (benzene
      extract) and phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene, tetraphene,
      benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(e)pyrene, perylene, 1,12 benzoperylene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)
      pyrene were determined. The qualitative analysis identified all these
      hydrocarbons but only fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene, tetraphene and
      benzo(a)pyrene could be quantitatively determined. The benzene extract
      concentration exceeds the value of 0.2 mg/m3 in 50% of samples. Much higher
      results were obtained for tar-concrete (1.45-2.85 mg/m3) than for asphalt
      concrete (0.14-0.71 mg/m3). Also the drivers are exposed to excess benzene
      extract concentrations (0.055-0.669 mg/m3). Laboratory workers were found to be
      exposed to high concentrations of PAH and several solvents.

PMID- 3695933
TI  - [The role of screening studies in epidemiology and occupational medicine].
AB  - Discussed in the paper are the conditions underlying the planning of screening
      tests for early diagnosis of diseases--at the asymptomatic stage--and the
      detection of higher risk groups. The so called "early diagnosis" can be
      established with various strategies: specific examinations for all those
      spontaneously coming to physicians, periodic examinations for industrial workers,
      genetic screening ensuring the protection against exposures to work environment
      hazards for those exhibiting genetically conditioned biochemical abnormalities.
      Screening tests in a specific population should be preceded by extensive
      epidemiological studies aimed at the determination of such basic parameters as:
      the rate of feature marker in a population, incidence of the disease resulting
      from the marker's presence, determination of the relative risk coefficient.

PMID- 3695934
TI  - [Work energy expenditure at main posts in the textile industry and some of its
      conditions].
AB  - Effective energetic expenditure for the work performed in weaving, spinning and
      sewing plants has been presented. In weaving and spinning plants the minute
      energetic expenditure rate was found to vary with the extensiveness of the
      workplace and resulting walking time as well as with specific machines
      operational mode. In sewing plants the minute energetic expenditure depended on
      the size of the elements being sewn and the work pace. The effective energetic
      expenditure during a work shift was from 659 to 1020 kcal for weavers, from 740
      to 1000 kcal for spinners and from 522 to 1105 kcal for sewers, which points to
      an uncomparable load at monomial workplaces equipped with different machines.

PMID- 3695935
TI  - [Social and occupational adaptation of young workers in a workshop].
AB  - The young workers adaptation to the workplace depends on a number of psycho
      social and professional factors, such as: competences, qualifications,
      personality, attitude to work, attitude to superiors and co-workers in a social
      group etc. Furthermore, the psycho-social adaptation depends on the style of life
      led so far and the impact of the family- and school milieu. The professional
      adaptation begins when one chooses his future profession. However, it is not easy
      to choose a profession that would give satisfaction and meet young people's
      ambitions. A considerable assistance in this area comes from vocational guidance
      dispensaries and health service, especially for young people suffering from
      psychophysical defects. In the initial period of professional work it becomes
      essential to ensure that the young worker is well informed on his workplace,
      range of duties and all relevant problems inherent in the workplace as well as
      some guidance as regards possible promotion and improvement of qualifications,
      and the use of all possible social allowances. A young worker should not in any
      way feel isolated in his workplace. The person who imparts all the information
      should not only be a good expert and production organizer, but a good educator as
      well.

PMID- 3695936
TI  - [Occupational diseases in Poland 1984-1985].
AB  - The authors have analysed occupational diseases cases that occurred in Poland
      during 1984-1985. Personal notification of the diseases, sent over to the
      Institute of Occupational Medicine in Lodz from Provincial Sanitary-
      Epidemiological Stations, constitute sources of information. The analysis covers
      the morbidity data in age and sex groups, involving territorial and branch
      differentiation. At the same time some causes affecting occupational diseases
      incidence in Poland are presented along with evaluation of the value of the
      obtained information.

PMID- 3695937
TI  - [A plan for the medical prevention of pneumoconiosis in coal mining].
AB  - Some assumptions of a system of pneumoconiosis prevention for coal miners have
      been presented. An essential element of the system consists in replacing
      fluororadiograms with full-size X-ray pictures, as a method of primary selection.
      Provisions have been also made for promotion of the detection and treatment of
      chronic bronchitis and some other respiratory system diseases, along with
      obligatory spirometric tests. It is planned that the examinations will also
      involve pensioners. The current analysis of the collected information will be
      made using the electronic data processing.

PMID- 3695938
TI  - [Smell threshold levels of substances as a criterion for evaluating the maximum
      permissible exposure levels].
AB  - Compared in the paper are the threshold limit values (TLV) and odour threshold
      concentrations (OTC) of 85 substances. As so far the generally accepted methods
      of odour nuisance measurements have been missing; the TLV/OTC ratio was adopted
      as a criterion of possible appearance of odour discomfort. The substances were
      divided into groups according to their feasibility of odorous nuisance. It was
      demonstrated that the odour discomfort might appear even with concentrations
      below TLVs. This particularly refers to styrene, naphthalene, CS2, pyridine and
      H2S.

PMID- 3695939
TI  - DNA cross-linked by cisplatin: a new probe for the DNA repair defect in xeroderma
      pigmentosum.
AB  - Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is an inherited disease characterized by the defective
      repair of DNA damaged by ultraviolet radiation and a number of chemicals. In this
      paper, plasmid DNA carrying a marker gene is cross-linked in vitro by the
      antitumor drug cisplatin and successfully introduced into tissue culture cells by
      both calcium phosphate coprecipitation and electroporation. Transient expression
      of the marker gene is greatly decreased in XP cells compared to wild-type. As few
      as seven lesions will inactivate the marker gene in XP cells. Furthermore, the
      biochemical defect must include an impaired capacity for repair of cisplatin-DNA
      intrastrand cross-links. Since the host cell itself is not exposed to chemical
      modification, a cisplatin cross-linked plasmid shuttle vector can be used as a
      specific probe for the DNA repair capacity of cultured cells. Paradoxically, when
      cisplatin cross-linked plasmid carrying the selectable marker neo is introduced
      into cells, there is an increase in the number of stable neo+ transformants in
      both XP and wild-type cells. Thus, cisplatin damage appears to stimulate the
      integration of transfected DNA into the host chromosome by a mechanism that is
      independent of the defective repair pathway in XP.

PMID- 3695940
TI  - Enduring influence of the purpose of experiences: encoding-retrieval interactions
      in word and pseudoword perception.

PMID- 3695941
TI  - Lexical contribution to nonword-repetition effects: evidence from event-related
      potentials.

PMID- 3695942
TI  - The plausibility effect: lexical priming or sentential processing?

PMID- 3695943
TI  - Stimulus suffixes and visual presentation.

PMID- 3695944
TI  - The role of visual interference in producing the long-term modality effect.

PMID- 3695945
TI  - An adult model of preschool children's speech memory.

PMID- 3695946
TI  - A follow-up to "scale effects in memory for the time of events": the earthquake
      study.

PMID- 3695947
TI  - Locational representation in imagery: the third dimension.

PMID- 3695948
TI  - A size-congruency effect in memory for visual shape.

PMID- 3695949
TI  - Perceptual learning in visual category acquisition.

PMID- 3695950
TI  - Characteristics of admissions to Veterans Administration medical center
      psychiatric inpatient services, United States, 1980.

PMID- 3695951
TI  - Separate psychiatric services in non-federal general hospitals, United States,
      1983.

PMID- 3695952
TI  - Isolation of nuclei from soybean suspension cultures.

PMID- 3695953
TI  - Rapid filtration technique for metabolite fluxes across cell organelles.

PMID- 3695954
TI  - Covalent attachment of proteins to liposomes.

PMID- 3695955
TI  - Use of avidin-biotin technology for liposome targeting.

PMID- 3695956
TI  - Complement-dependent phagocytosis of liposomes by macrophages.

PMID- 3695957
TI  - Liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin as an artificial oxygen-carrying system.

PMID- 3695958
TI  - Use of liposomes as agglutination-enhancement agents in diagnostic tests.

PMID- 3695959
TI  - High-efficiency entrapment of enzymes in resealed red cell ghosts by dialysis.

PMID- 3695960
TI  - Large-scale entrapment of drugs into resealed red blood cells using a continuous
      flow dialysis system.

PMID- 3695961
TI  - Electric modification of membrane permeability for drug loading into living
      cells.

PMID- 3695962
TI  - Lectin-specific targeting of lysosomal enzymes to reticuloendothelial cells.
AB  - The principles and methods used for enzymatic modification of the carbohydrate
      portion of glucocerebrosidase are similar to those performed by Ashwell and
      Morell, Stahl, and others. It is difficult to explain the lack of uptake of
      native enzyme through binding of the high-mannose type glycopeptide to Man/GlcNAc
      receptors since approximately 20% of the total oligosaccharides on the native
      enzyme are high mannose type. Possibly a requirement for multiple sites of
      attachment to the receptor is not met by a single high-mannose type
      oligosaccharide per molecule. Alternatively, the presence of complex type
      oligosaccharides on this enzyme, demonstrated by structural studies, may mask the
      mannose site and thus account for the poor uptake of native enzyme. The ability
      to successfully deglycosylate any protein or enzyme in order to specifically
      target a selected cell type requires that there be (1) an available source of
      pure enzyme; (2) specific exoglycosidases of high specific activity available
      either commercially or relatively easily purified; (3) chemical or biochemical
      means available for the testing of the product, preferably at each step; and (4)
      a means of separating the glycosidases used from the desired enzyme product. The
      characteristic and unique accumulation of glucocerebroside only in cells of the
      monocyte- histiocyte series, makes Gaucher's disease an excellent prototype for
      the study of enzyme replacement therapy. The principles demonstrated for the
      enzymatic deglycosylation of glucocerebrosidase may be applied to the cell
      specific delivery of other glycoproteins as well. Other lysosomal diseases in
      which storage occurs in multiple cell types may be ameliorated by administration
      of macrophage-directed enzymes if, by so doing, storage material can be digested
      during the normal phagocytic turnover of senescent cells. Consideration of the
      kinetics of degradation and the structural features affecting the stability of
      enzymes in vivo are prerequisites to improving the bioengineering of targeted
      lysosomal enzymes. Animal and culture models have been developed for the study of
      glucocerebrosidase delivery to specific cell types and substrate degradation.
      Other studies have progressed toward a definition not only of the receptors at
      the plasma membrane involved in the internalization of exogenous enzyme, but also
      of internal receptors or properties of the lysosome responsible for intracellular
      protein trafficking. A complete understanding of the forces acting to direct
      endogenous or exogenously supplied enzyme to a given subcellular organelle will
      require a synthesis of experimental results from all areas of glycoprotein
      research.

PMID- 3695963
TI  - Drug-induced endocytosis and entrapment in red cells and ghosts.
AB  - Induction of endocytosis in intact human RBC can be achieved by treating RBC in
      vitro with several classes of amphipathic cations. Perhaps 1-2% of the 90 fl
      volume of the red cell will then consist of any material suspended or dissolved
      in the bulk supernatant medium. This amount could be increased if the material in
      question also binds selectively to the outer surface of the red cell's plasma
      membrane. Such a red cell, now rendered spherostomatocytic if reinjected into the
      circulation, would be removed by the monocytes-macrophages concentrated in spleen
      and to a lesser extent in liver, lymph nodes, and bone marrow. Conceivably, one
      could deliver a significant amount of drug or other agent to monocytes
      macrophages in these sites. Endocytosis can also be induced in white ghosts and
      the resulting vacuoles are not accessible to small molecules. The targeting of
      white ghosts has not been subjected to extensive study but such ghosts containing
      material included in their endocytic vacuoles could be used to deliver agents to
      the recipient's monocyte-macrophage system.

PMID- 3695964
TI  - Preparation of white resealable erythrocyte ghosts.

PMID- 3695965
TI  - Phospholipid asymmetry of loaded red cells.

PMID- 3695966
TI  - Magnetically responsive erythrocyte ghosts.

PMID- 3695967
TI  - Use of platelets as drug carriers for the treatment of hematologic diseases.

PMID- 3695968
TI  - Osmotic lysis of pinosomes.

PMID- 3695969
TI  - Multiple emulsions as targetable delivery systems.

PMID- 3695970
TI  - High-pressure continuous-flow system for drug entrapment in liposomes.

PMID- 3695971
TI  - Temperature- and pH-sensitive liposomes for drug targeting.

PMID- 3695972
TI  - Photolabile liposomes as carriers.

PMID- 3695973
TI  - Computer-aided decision support--the obstacles to progress.

PMID- 3695974
TI  - A computer-based clinical information system.

PMID- 3695975
TI  - The child psychiatric patient database system of the Chinese University of Hong
      Kong.

PMID- 3695977
TI  - Bivariate structural regression analysis: a tool for the comparison of analytic
      methods.

PMID- 3695976
TI  - Masking artifacts in EEG time series.

PMID- 3695978
TI  - Monitoring intervals between rare events: a cumulative score procedure compared
      with Rina Chen's sets technique.

PMID- 3695979
TI  - Training traditional birth attendants in isolation.

PMID- 3695980
TI  - The routine use of vitamin K in the newborn.

PMID- 3695981
TI  - The profession of midwife in The Netherlands.

PMID- 3695982
TI  - The experience of women returning to work following the birth of their first
      child.

PMID- 3695983
TI  - Intensive care units as a source of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - Over a 12 month period, 209 isolates of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus
      aureus (MRSA) were obtained in 39 patients admitted to an ICU. In 23 patients
      MRSA was the major pathogen, producing either pneumonia, bacteremia or wound
      infection. In eight patients death was directly related to the MRSA infection.
      This study suggests an increasing occurrence of MRSA infections in ICU and the
      need to adopt control measures.

PMID- 3695984
TI  - Production of bacteriocin-like substances by human oral streptococci.
AB  - A sample of human streptococci (mainly Streptococcus mutans species) from dental
      plaques was examined in order to evaluate the production frequency and activity
      spectrum of bacteriocin-like substances (mutacins). 89% of the 55 Streptococcus
      mutans strains produced substances with a wide spectrum of antibacterial
      activity. The bacteriocins produced showed a marked inhibitory activity against
      Gram-positive bacteria. Among the Gram-negative species tested, only Neisseria
      sicca was inhibited by 25% of Streptococcus mutans strains. Also, 16 strains
      belonging to oral streptococci other than Streptococcus mutans, were examined for
      their inhibitory capacity against the same indicator. The authors stress the
      importance of mutacins production in oral ecology and Streptococcus mutans
      pathogenicity.

PMID- 3695985
TI  - Identification of vaginal lactobacilli from asymptomatic women.
AB  - In the present work, carried out by means of phenotypic and genotypic tests, it
      has been demonstrated that none of the vaginal lactobacilli isolated from
      asymptomatic women were genetically close to L. acidophilus ATCC 4356. Strains of
      homofermentative lactobacilli were identified as Lactobacillus gasseri, L.
      jensenii and L. crispatus, while in the heterofermentative only one strain was
      classified as L. fermentum. Moreover a genetically homologous group of
      heterofermentative lactobacilli, that could represent a new species, were
      evidenced.

PMID- 3695986
TI  - Adherence of S. bovis to adult buccal epithelial cells.
AB  - The ability of S. bovis 83/5364, glucan-positive (biotype I) and S. bovis R
      81/536 glucan-negative (biotype II) to adhere to buccal epithelial cells (BEC) by
      lipoteichoic acid (LTA) was examined. LTA from both biotypes was prepared by cold
      phenol extraction from supernatants of penicillin supplemented cultures and
      partially purified by Sepharose CL-6B chromatography. Both glucan-positive and
      glucan-negative S. bovis strains adhered to BEC, but biotype I seemed to be more
      adhesive. For both biotypes the adhesion was not significantly inhibited by
      treatment of the bacteria with anti-LTA serum, while the preincubation of BEC
      with LTA, extracted from S. agalactiae, or cardiolipin strongly decreased the S.
      bovis binding.

PMID- 3695988
TI  - Phagocytosis of bacteria after exposure to macrophages or lymphocytes.
AB  - In our present study we have examined the phagocytosis by polynucleates towards
      bacteria exposed to macrophages or lymphocytes. Our results show that for almost
      all the bacterial strains, the contact with lymphocytes determines changes in
      hydrophobicity correlated to variations in the possibility of being phagocytized
      and of more significant intracellular killing with respect to bacteria treated
      with macrophages.

PMID- 3695987
TI  - Fermenting ability of Yersinia spp. strains on esculin, L-fucose and D-arabitol.
AB  - The fermenting ability of 380 strains of Yersinia spp. on esculin, L-fucose and D
      arabitol was studied. All the strains of Y. enterocolitica belonging to biotype 2
      serotype 0:9 and to biotype 4 serotype 0:3 failed to utilize such carbohydrates;
      the strains belonging to the other bioserotypes as well as the strains of Y.
      enterocolitica-like showed different reactions.

PMID- 3695989
TI  - Bacterial localization in the caecum of the rabbit.
AB  - The indigenous microflora of the rabbit caecum and its associated
      microenvironments has been examined using transmission electron microscopy. Rods
      and coccoid forms predominated in the caecal lumen and in association with the
      lining epithelial cell surfaces. In certain areas a curved flagellate rod-like
      form occurred in numbers and these exhibited features reminiscent of
      spirochaetes. The caecal crypts showed a homogeneous population of a monotypic
      spiral form similar to that found in caecal crypts of certain other mammals. In
      several cases, fusiform bacteria were found within the apical region of intact
      epithelial cells. There was no evidence of host reaction and the organisms
      appeared to be undergoing resting spore formation.

PMID- 3695990
TI  - Differentiation of Legionella species by soluble protein patterns in
      polyacrylamide slab gels.
AB  - Water-soluble protein extracts were obtained from representative strains of
      eleven species of Legionella and examined by polyacrylamide slab gel
      electrophoresis (PAGE). The eleven species included: L. pneumophila (serogroups 1
      9), L. micdadei, L. longbeachae (serogroups 1 and 2), L. gormanii, L. dumoffii,
      L. bozemanii, L. jordanis, L. oakridgensis, L. wadsworthii, L. feeleii and L.
      maceachernii. Species identification was verified by gas-liquid chromatography of
      the non-hydroxy, monohydroxy and dihydroxy fatty acids. Strains within each
      species shared common patterns of protein banding. Each species had a distinctive
      protein banding pattern. Results indicate that PAGE of water soluble protein
      extracts is a useful technique for identification of Legionella isolates.

PMID- 3695992
TI  - Labs: ownership is not the villain.

PMID- 3695991
TI  - Maximum growth rate of Mycobacterium avium in continuous culture or chronically
      infected BALB/c mice.
AB  - Mycobacterium avium is a human pathogen which may cause either chronic or
      disseminated disease and the organism exhibits a slow rate of growth. This study
      provides information on the growth rate of the organism in chronically infected
      mice and its maximal growth rate in vitro. M. avium was grown in continuous
      culture, limited for nitrogen with 0.5 mM ammonium chloride and dilution rates
      that ranged from 0.054 to 0.153 h-1. The steady-state concentration of ammonia
      nitrogen and M. avium cells for each dilution rate were determined. The bacterial
      saturation constant for growth-limiting ammonia was 0.29 mM (4 micrograms
      nitrogen/ml) and, from this, the maximal growth rate for M. avium was estimated
      to be 0.206 h-1 or a doubling time of 3.4 h. BALB/c mice were infected
      intravenously with 3 x 10(6) colony-forming units and a chronic infection
      resulted, typical of virulent M. avium strains. During a period of 3 months, the
      number of mycobacteria remained constant in the lungs, but increased 30-fold and
      8,900-fold, respectively, in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes. The latter
      increase appeared to be due to proliferation in situ. The generation time of M.
      avium in the mesenteric lymph nodes was estimated to be 7 days.

PMID- 3695993
TI  - Premarital testing.

PMID- 3695995
TI  - MSMS 1987 report on medical liability.

PMID- 3695994
TI  - Board of Medicine audit results gratifying.

PMID- 3695996
TI  - We must excise liability cancer to save the body medical.

PMID- 3695997
TI  - MSMS legislation and regulations committee works for education policy.

PMID- 3695998
TI  - Strengthening the patient-doctor partnership.

PMID- 3695999
TI  - A look back, one year later, at MDPAC's part in Schwarz election.

PMID- 3696000
TI  - A look at medical practices in Leningrad, the Soviet Union.

PMID- 3696001
TI  - Living wills help guide physicians.

PMID- 3696002
TI  - Occupational medicine.

PMID- 3696003
TI  - Here's what you should know about the Michigan Peer Review Organization.

PMID- 3696004
TI  - Future directions of MPRO.

PMID- 3696005
TI  - A guide to MPRO.

PMID- 3696006
TI  - HB4911: what does it mean to you?

PMID- 3696007
TI  - Purification of a kappa-carrageenase from marine Cytophaga species.
AB  - A mixture of extracellular carrageenases was isolated from the cell-free medium
      of a culture of marine Cytophaga sp. 1k-C783 grown on ZoBell 2216 E broth with
      0.1% commercial carrageenan. A single active peak of kappa-carrageenase was
      separated and purified from the mixture by ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion
      exchange chromatography, and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration chromatography.
      Molecular weight of the purified kappa-carrageenase was estimated as 100,000 by
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The
      purified kappa-carrageenase had pH optimum 7.6 and temperature optimum 25 C.

PMID- 3696008
TI  - High levels of IgA-containing circulating immune complex and secretory IgA in
      Kawasaki disease.
AB  - Sera of patients with Kawasaki disease were studied for the levels of IgA
      containing (C3-fixing) circulating immune complexes (IgA-CIC), IgG-containing
      (IgG-)CIC, total IgA, secretory IgA, and complement component (C3) by means of
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays or single radial immunodiffusion methods.
      There was significantly high level of IgA-CIC, but not IgG-CIC. The levels of
      total IgA, secretory IgA, and C3 were significantly elevated. Significantly high
      levels of secretory IgA were found in 22 (51%) of 43 patients. The proportion of
      secretory IgA to total IgA also increased. These abnormalities in the IgA system
      may play a role in Kawasaki disease.

PMID- 3696009
TI  - Preparation of monoclonal antibodies against a glycolipid asialo GM1.
AB  - Five IgM monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), MW-1, MW-2, MW-3, MW-4, and MW-5, against
      a glycolipid asialo GM1 were prepared from hybridoma clones obtained by the
      fusion of mouse NS-1 myeloma cells with spleen cells from a mouse immunized with
      asialo GM1 adsorbed to naked Salmonella. All the MAbs reacted only with asialo
      GM1 when their reactivities were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
      (ELISA) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC)-immunostaining using structurally
      related glycolipids. The MAbs showed a complement-dependent lysis of mouse
      natural killer (NK) cells, but the lytic activities were weaker than that of a
      rabbit polyclonal anti-asialo GM1 antibody. When they were mixed, the anti-NK
      activity was increased to a level almost comparable to that of the polyclonal
      antibody. These results suggest that all the MAbs obtained are specific for
      asialo GM1 and that they may be different in fine specificity for the glycolipid.
      Significance of the MAbs in immunological and neurochemical studies is discussed.

PMID- 3696010
TI  - Effect of the two-year milk-feeding on the gastrointestinal microflora of the
      cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis).
AB  - The effect of the two-year milk-feeding on the gastrointestinal (GI) microflora
      of a cynomolgus monkey was determined. Bifidobacterium spp. in the animal fed
      with cow's milk alone were distributed in higher number in the stomach, duodenum,
      cecum, and rectum. The increasingly higher numbers of Lactobacillus spp. and
      Candida spp. were counted in all regions of the GI tract of the animal fed with
      the formula diet. Bacteroidaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Streptococcus spp. were
      detected from the upper to lower intestines in the monkey given only milk,
      whereas in the monkey given the formula, those bacterial species were localized
      in only the lower intestines.

PMID- 3696011
TI  - Urinary incontinence.

PMID- 3696012
TI  - Nutrition in the elderly.

PMID- 3696013
TI  - Burns & scalds in children.

PMID- 3696014
TI  - Management of the second stage of labour.

PMID- 3696015
TI  - [Effect of carbon sources on the biosynthesis of ergot alkaloids and the activity
      of carbon metabolism enzymes in Penicillium sizovae].
AB  - The study was aimed at finding out how different carbon sources influenced the
      growth of Penicillium sizovae, the biosynthesis of epoxyagroclavine-1 and
      agroclavine-1 as well as the activity of key enzymes involved in the citric acid
      cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway and the glyoxylate cycle. The fungal growth
      was shown to depend on the carbohydrate substrate: it had a two-phase profile
      when P. sizovae was cultivated on mannitol and glucose, but not on sorbitol. The
      quantitative content and composition of ergoalkaloids depended on the combination
      of carbohydrate and organic acid substrates. The overall productivity of the
      mycelium (epoxyagroclavin-1+agroclavin-1) was highest when mannitol and fumarate
      were used. A medium with sorbitol and fumaric acid was very selective in terms of
      epoxyagroclavine-1 synthesis. The high level of alkaloid biosynthesis correlated
      with the active functioning of the pentose phosphate cycle and with the low
      activity of the CAC.

PMID- 3696016
TI  - Teaching medical teachers to teach.

PMID- 3696017
TI  - Independent study: 10-year programme review.
AB  - The Ohio State University College of Medicine has offered an independent study
      curricular option since 1970. This study reports our experience covering 10
      entering classes and compares the independent study programme (ISP) students to
      the students who entered the traditional lecture-discussion programme (LDP). It
      looks at (a) entering demographic and personality characteristics, (b) academic,
      clinical and research performance during school and at graduation and (c)
      practice and career outcomes. The major findings are that, as groups, students
      from the two curricular programmes are far more alike than different but that the
      flexibility of an independent study programme provides special options without
      loss of academic achievement. Individual talents and interests were enhanced and
      research opportunities have aided recruitment and development of particular
      students. Independent study students pursued more research during medical school
      and hold more full-time academic positions in practice. A comparative cost study
      showed that, once the two programmes are operational, per student operational
      costs are equivalent. Results of this study indicate, that at Ohio State, the
      benefits of a two-track system outweigh the additional costs.

PMID- 3696018
TI  - The effect of personal illness experience on career preference in medical
      students.
AB  - Medical students have a wide degree of personal experience of serious illness in
      themselves and those close to them. In about 4% of cases these experiences have
      influenced the choice of career specialty. However, formal statistical analysis
      within a large group of medical students could find no evidence for a
      relationship. It is suggested that this is due to the inadequacies of statistical
      methodology, which cannot demonstrate strong relationships in a minority of
      subjects, when the majority show no relationship. Almost half of the students
      gave reasons for particular career preferences, but in most cases these appeared
      to be strongly idiosyncratic.

PMID- 3696019
TI  - Contextual factors in the activation of first diagnostic hypotheses: expert
      novice differences.
AB  - According to Feltovich & Barrows (1984), the general frame used by medical
      experts to construct a mental representation of a particular patient problem
      contains a component part for those illness features that are associated with the
      acquisition of the illness. These 'enabling conditions' are related in several
      ways to the patient's disease. Examples are conditions like sex and age, or risk
      factors originating from work, behaviour and hereditary taint. Because of the
      sequential nature by which patient data become available during a clinical
      interview, contextual information is expected to play an important role in the
      generation of initial diagnostic hypotheses. To investigate the hypothesis that
      experienced doctors better utilize this kind of information, a group of 18
      experts and 17 novices was confronted with 32 short case histories each presented
      on three slides: a portrait of the patient, the patient chart containing previous
      disease history, and a slide with the presenting complaint. It was hypothesized
      that differences in the number of correct diagnoses would emerge between the two
      groups, because the experts would use the contextual information, implicitly
      provided by picture and patient chart, in a more extensive way. If so, this would
      show in the amount of information that is explicitly recalled later. The data
      confirmed these predictions. The experts produced almost 50% more correct
      hypotheses as compared to the novices and were able to reproduce a larger amount
      of contextual information in particular information that was directly relevant to
      the patient's problem. Only the expert group showed a high correlation between
      accuracy of diagnoses and recall measures.

PMID- 3696020
TI  - Reliability of global rating scales in the assessment of clinical competence of
      medical students.
AB  - Undergraduate medical students of the Ben Gurion University were evaluated upon
      completion of their fourth- and sixth-year medical clerkships by a 17-item rating
      scale, a multiple choice question (MCQ) test and a patient-oriented oral
      examination by two academic staff members. Pearson's correlation coefficient
      between the fourth-and sixth-year global ratings was r = 0.44 (P less than or
      equal to 0.001), while that between the fourth- and sixth-year MCQ scores was r =
      0.54 P less than or equal to 0.001). Pearson's coefficient between the global
      ratings and the MCQ scores in the sixth year was r = 0.25 (P less than or equal
      to 0.05). Stepwise regression analysis revealed that the ratings on the
      parameters 'reliability', 'knowledge', 'organization', 'diligence' and 'case
      presentation' were the most predictive of the overall global rating. It is
      concluded that the reproducibility of 'subjective' expert assessment of
      performance through global rating scales is comparable to that of 'objective'
      evaluation through written MCQ, even though these measures assess different
      domains of competence at different levels of simulations. It is recommended that
      the clinical performance of undergraduate medical students should be assessed by
      a combination of subjective and objective measures.

PMID- 3696021
TI  - Direct, standardized assessment of clinical competence.
AB  - Doctor ratings of clerkship performance are often discounted as not accurately
      reflecting clinical competence. Such ratings are influenced by the following
      uncontrolled variables: case difficulty; differing rater focus and standards;
      lack of agreement on what constitutes acceptable performance; and collective
      patient care responsibility masks individual contributions. Standardized direct
      measures of clinical competence were developed to control these factors and allow
      direct comparisons of student performance. Students saw 18 patients representing
      frequently occurring and important patient problems. Student actions and
      decisions were recorded and subsequent responses to questions revealed knowledge
      of pathophysiology, basis for actions, use and interpretation of laboratory
      investigations, and management. Actions and responses were graded using a pre-set
      key. The examination covered 73% of designated clinical competencies.
      Examinations scores corresponded with independent measures of clinical
      competence. Reliability studies indicated that new cases can be substituted in
      subsequent years with confidence that scores will maintain similar meaning. Costs
      are +6.95 per student per case, which is modest considering the quality and
      quantity of information acquired. Methods described are practical for evaluation
      of clerks and residents and for licensing and specialty certification
      examinations.

PMID- 3696022
TI  - Low-cost video equipment for surgical teaching.
AB  - Recent developments in video-camera technology have resulted in the camcorder, a
      portable light-weight camera with an integral videorecorder, which, with standard
      VHS tapes, has been used for surgical teaching purposes. It also provides a
      simple, relatively inexpensive method for recording of operative technique,
      particularly out of hours.

PMID- 3696023
TI  - Peer review as an aid to improving the completeness of psychiatric case notes.
AB  - Clinical auditing and the setting of goals for continuing education are often
      based on case note reviews. Deficiencies in the comprehensiveness of the recorded
      case history place some restrictions on the usefulness of such reviews as guides
      to continuing education programmes. In this study, attempts were made to improve
      the quality of the data in psychiatric case notes by peer discussion, and by
      altering the case note recording guidelines. After each educational intervention
      a further detailed audit of the subsequent case histories was performed.
      Significant differences emerged in a few subsections of the case notes, but
      overall there was little change. Possible explanations for these findings are
      discussed.

PMID- 3696024
TI  - Students' assessment of a course in obstetrics and gynaecology.
AB  - A complete annual entry of 181 students were administered a questionnaire in
      which they were invited to make value judgements about all aspects of their 3
      month course in obstetrics and gynaecology. The resulting performance indicators
      were used to compare individual staff and clinical firms.

PMID- 3696025
TI  - Integrating learning by objectives with relevance to the health needs of the
      community.
AB  - This report is directed towards teachers of health personnel interested in the
      concept of 'learning by objectives'. It is designed to promote an understanding
      of the appropriate use of this concept, by examining its historical evolution in
      the light of 30 years' experience of its use. The text describes the way in which
      it has been used, and misused, in the past. The text will also be of particular
      interest to students, since it demonstrates how they can be involved in the
      organization of their own learning. It is hoped that this review will help both
      teachers and learners to clarify their thoughts on the application of the concept
      of learning by objectives, making their teaching and their learning more
      effective and relevant to health care for the community. This concern for
      relevance is directly in line with the strategies of the World Health
      Organization for the achievement of health for all.

PMID- 3696026
TI  - Autism from the inside.
AB  - Our hypothesis is that the endogenous opiate system is malfunctioning in autistic
      people. Levels of endorphins (and perhaps enkephalins) are fluctuating below and
      above normal levels leading to sensory deprivation. The sensations from all the
      sense organs are too great when the endorphin (and enkephalin) level is low
      making them meaningless or too little when the endorphin level is high leading to
      lack of sensation. Some of the bizarre repetitive behaviours are endorphin
      producing activities which cut down distressing sensation, others are attempts to
      cut down excessive stimuli from the environment, while others remain completely
      baffling. The thalamus could be one of the regions of the brain where inhibitory
      neurones and opiate receptors are malfunctioning and the feed back system
      initiated by the hypothalamus could have been damaged by the same agent. In both
      cases the damage could have been caused by chemical imbalance about the time of
      birth affecting the normal action of endorphins, enkephalins and prostaglandins.
      More boys than girls may be autistic because their brains are less mature at
      birth or because the male and female opiate systems are distinct.

PMID- 3696027
TI  - Arterial plasma [K+] increases produced by angiotensin II: a marker for
      intracellular shifts of Ca2+ ions?

PMID- 3696028
TI  - DF-2 sepsis: a sequela of sideremia?

PMID- 3696029
TI  - Salt and blood pressure: the triangular hypothesis.
AB  - If an unselected sample includes individuals whose blood pressure is sensitive to
      their salt intake and individuals whose blood pressure is not sensitive, then the
      superposition of these two sub-populations in a scatterplot of individuals' blood
      pressures against their salt intakes could give a triangular distribution. The
      non-correlation in the insensitives would obscure the correlation expected in the
      sensitives. This hypothesis justifies truncation of such data to test for
      correlation between blood pressure and salt intake among only the individuals in
      the higher range of blood pressures observed. No criterion of salt sensitivity is
      needed. The analysis should succeed if salt intake makes a major contribution to
      hypertension and would be improved if other putative causes were factored out.

PMID- 3696030
TI  - The relationship between angiotensin and aldosterone activity: the implications
      of angiotensin II-induced potassium release.

PMID- 3696031
TI  - Increased absorption of and sensitivity to cadmium during late pregnancy: is
      there a relationship between markedly decreased maternal cadmium binding protein
      (metallothionein) and pregnancy-induced hypertension?
AB  - Laboratory animals have a unique sensitivity to cadmium toxicity in late
      pregnancy. This acute toxicity is not seen in non-pregnant, early pregnant, or
      lactating animals. Furthermore, during late pregnancy, laboratory animals absorb
      and retain substantially more cadmium from their diets than they do in the non
      pregnant state. Both of these observations parallel the fact that a fivefold late
      gestational drop of maternal metallothionein (a metal-binding protein believed to
      detoxify cadmium) has been demonstrated in pregnant animals. Additional factors
      such as nutritional status and age affect cadmium absorption. As we have
      discussed previously, cadmium toxicity and toxemia of pregnancy have many common
      features including hypertension, proteinuria, edema, vasospasm and
      endovasculitis. Because of the above, we propose that cadmium plays a role in the
      etiology of toxemia.

PMID- 3696032
TI  - When best friends bite.

PMID- 3696033
TI  - Obesity and risks to health.

PMID- 3696034
TI  - The "new" nutrition.

PMID- 3696035
TI  - Watch out, Miss Muffet!

PMID- 3696037
TI  - Research on ageing: an imperative for a healthy old age.

PMID- 3696036
TI  - Smoking in aircraft.

PMID- 3696038
TI  - Man's best friend?: a review of the Austin Hospital's experience with dog bites.
AB  - A retrospective study of outpatient casualty-department attendances and inpatient
      hospital admissions for dog-bite wounds was undertaken. Alsatians were the
      offending dog in 47% of 34 recorded cases. The majority of patients were young;
      73% of patients were less than 30 years of age. The upper limb was bitten most
      frequently (53% of bites). Eleven per cent of dog-bite wounds that were treated
      in casualty became infected. Upper limb and puncture wounds more often became
      infected. Prophylactic antibiotic treatment was associated with a 6% infection
      rate compared with an 18% infection rate in those who were not treated (not
      statistically significant; P greater than 0.1). Patients of over the age of 45
      years had a higher complication rate. All these findings are consistent with
      other published series. The infection rate was minimal when patients were
      admitted to hospital and their wounds debrided and closed by a consultant plastic
      surgeon. A plan for the management of dog-bite wounds is outlined.

PMID- 3696039
TI  - Vegetarianism in anorexia nervosa? A review of 116 consecutive cases.
AB  - A retrospective study was carried out of 116 consecutive patients with anorexia
      nervosa to ascertain the extent and nature of vegetarianism in this population.
      Sixty-three (54.3%) patients were found to be avoiding red meat. In only four
      (6.3%) of these did meat avoidance predate the onset of their anorexia nervosa.
      Of the remaining 59 patients (best termed pseudovegetarians), 25 (42.4%) patients
      continued to avoid red meat by the end of treatment. Pseudovegetarianism was
      associated with a longer duration of anorexia nervosa, a lower weight during the
      course of their illness, and living away from the parental home. The
      reintroduction of red meat into the diet was more likely if vegetarianism were of
      a short duration.

PMID- 3696040
TI  - Survey of hand symptoms in pregnancy.
AB  - In a study of 1216 pregnancies, 427 (35%) patients reported hand symptoms.
      Symptoms of the same quality and distribution were reported by 40 (30%) of 132
      control subjects within the previous year, and although invariably mild, these
      symptoms suggest that pregnancy may aggravate a pre-existing condition. Fewer
      than 20% of the 427 affected patients described a classic median-nerve symptom
      distribution (carpal tunnel syndrome), while 12% of patients described an ulnar
      nerve distribution, which is thought to represent a genuine and previously
      underestimated occurrence of ulnar-nerve neuropathy in pregnancy. In 69% of
      patients, hand symptoms were generalized. Most symptoms were bilateral, commenced
      in the third trimester and resolved soon after delivery. There was a significant
      correlation of hand symptoms in pregnancy with the presence of preeclampsia,
      tight rings, the weight at confinement, the birth weight and a history of
      premenstrual bloating. Operative intervention was not required for any patient.

PMID- 3696041
TI  - Sexual abuse of children: an area with room for professional reforms.
AB  - The cases of 46 children who had been abused sexually an average of 2.6 years
      previously, were reviewed and the non-offending parents were interviewed with
      emphasis on how they viewed the professional persons who had seen their children,
      and their opinions of the legal processes that were instituted. The parents found
      most professional groups helpful, with officers from the Department of Youth and
      Community Services being seen as the least helpful. Twenty-one of the cases went
      to court; in 12 cases this resulted in a conviction, and prison sentences were
      imposed on six of the offenders. Children found the court experience distressing
      and most parents expressed dissatisfaction with the outcome of the court hearing.
      Children were more likely to be required to give evidence in court if the
      offender had legal representation. Persisting behavioural problems and poor
      school performance were more likely to occur in those cases in which there had
      been court hearings. A review of Police Department records of children who had
      attended the hospital for the management of sexual assault, showed that 10 of the
      107 children who are now aged over 14 years, have themselves been convicted of
      violent crimes since their episode of sexual assault. Long-term intervention is
      required to help many of these children, some legal reforms are necessary to
      reduce the stress that they experience when there is a court hearing, and all the
      professional groups that are likely to become involved with the problem of the
      sexual abuse of children need to be better informed about its seriousness and
      consequences.

PMID- 3696042
TI  - Fetal phonocardiography--an adjunct to rural obstetrical practice.
AB  - Cardiotocography as an aid to obstetric practice both in the antenatal and labour
      ward situations has become widely accepted throughout major hospitals in
      Australia. However, in rural obstetrics its use has been limited for two reasons:
      first, the cost of the necessary monitoring equipment is difficult to justify in
      a small hospital and secondly, obstetricians require considerable practice in the
      interpretation of the traces that are obtained. However, most country hospitals
      are equipped with Doppler-type fetal heart detectors. The signals that are
      received from these may be transmitted by telephone to a base hospital, whose
      cardiotocographic monitor has been modified to accept such incoming signals. This
      article discusses the establishment of such a service at Flinders Medical Centre,
      Adelaide and the results of its first four months of operation.

PMID- 3696043
TI  - Percutaneous pyeloplasty: an alternative to open surgery.
AB  - This paper describes the management of five patients with pelviureteric
      junctional obstruction who were treated by a one-stage percutaneous procedure. In
      two patients, renal calculi were removed simultaneously. The obstructing
      strictured area was divided internally by means of a modified endoscopic
      urethrotomy knife, which was passed through a percutaneous nephrostomy track. The
      defect was bridged by natural regeneration around a soft splint over six weeks.
      Four patients achieved a successful result with a shortened hospital stay,
      minimal morbidity, improved radiological drainage and the avoidance of open
      surgery. One patient, who had undergone three previous open plastic operations,
      was still symptomatic, in spite of successful anatomical correction. At
      exploration, open surgical repair was impossible and a nephrectomy was performed.
      This new technique appears applicable to selected primary and secondary
      pelviureteric junctional obstructions in which the obstructing segment is in an
      anatomically dependent situation.

PMID- 3696044
TI  - Papanicolaou smears in Victoria: are the wrong women being screened?
AB  - While a mismatch is evident in the age distribution of women who are smear-tested
      by the Victorian Cytology (Gynaecological) Service (VC(G)S) and the women who are
      developing and dying of invasive cancer of the cervix, evidence is presented that
      the screened population have significant morbidity from precursor lesions. Women
      whose cervical cytological examination is undertaken by the VC(G)S have higher
      detection rates for carcinoma-in-situ than does the general population; a more
      than three-fold excess over the SA Cancer Registry rates is evident. During 1984
      one in 148 of the women who were screened by the VC(G)S had histologically-proved
      dysplasia or carcinoma-in-situ in contrast with one in 5606 Australian women who
      were diagnosed as having invasive cancer of the cervix. These results indicate
      that the women who are currently screened should not be considered an
      intrinsically low-risk group for cervical malignancy.

PMID- 3696045
TI  - The Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome: a reappraisal in Queensland with special
      reference to prevention.
AB  - The Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome occurs most frequently in alcoholic patients when
      they become thiamin deficient. First admissions to psychiatric units with the
      chronic component of this syndrome, Korsakoff's psychosis, peaked in Queensland
      in 1975-1976. The fall in hospital admission rates since this time could relate
      to a decline in per-capita alcohol consumption in Australia, or to more awareness
      of the thiamin needs of drinkers. Alternatively, the improvement may be illusory:
      although many cases of Wernicke's encephalopathy are being diagnosed, many of
      these patients are not receiving psychiatric assessment and treatment, perhaps
      because admission to psychiatric hospital beds is more difficult than it was
      formerly. Patients who are diagnosed as having Korsakoff's psychosis fare badly
      in the community, and have a greatly increased mortality rate than do such
      patients in hospital. Optimal care for such patients is necessarily costly of
      medical resources. Of available preventive measures, evidence is presented to
      support the fortification of beer with thiamin and the provision of community
      educational programmes. The fortification of flour with thiamin may have little
      impact on the thiamin-deficiency syndromes that arise in problem drinkers in
      Queensland.

PMID- 3696046
TI  - An unusual cranial injury caused by an industrial nail-gun.
AB  - An unusual case of an industrial nail-gun injury is presented. A 36-year-old man
      was struck in the back of his neck by a nail, which was fired from a high
      velocity Ramset nail-gun. The nail passed through the foramen magnum to lodge in
      front of the brainstem. In spite of the close proximity of the nail's trajectory
      to the upper cervical spinal cord and the brain stem, no major neurological
      damage resulted. The nail was removed successfully the following day. This case
      illustrates the potential for serious injury from nail-guns.

PMID- 3696047
TI  - The five-ringed brown snake, Pseudonaja modesta (Gunther): report of a bite and
      comments on its venom.
AB  - The first case report of systemic evenomation by the five-ringed brown snake,
      Pseudonaja modesta, is presented. The patient had mild general symptoms of
      envenomation only, with no coagulopathy or evidence of paralysis. Data on P.
      modesta venom is presented, which shows an absence of a coagulant component in
      this venom. The venom gives a positive reaction to brown snake venom in the CSL
      Venom Detection Kit.

PMID- 3696048
TI  - A probable case of necrotizing arachnidism.
AB  - There have been isolated reports in the last 10 years of patients, who had
      previously been in excellent health, who present with swelling and pain in a
      peripheral part which is followed by extensive skin loss. It has been presumed
      that these presentations relate to a creature that has bitten the patient but as
      yet no creature has been caught in the act of biting; indeed, many patients do
      not even feel a bite. In view of the rarity of this problem, invariably other
      diagnoses are considered. This paper describes such a case.

PMID- 3696049
TI  - The urgent need for biomedical research into the clinical problems of the
      elderly.

PMID- 3696050
TI  - Lead-crystal decanters--a health risk?

PMID- 3696051
TI  - Carbon monoxide poisoning: an unusual hazard of a slow combustion fire.

PMID- 3696052
TI  - Bilateral extradural haematomas in a horse-rider who wore an unfastened helmet.

PMID- 3696053
TI  - Macroscopic crystalluria after primidone overdosage.

PMID- 3696054
TI  - Breast-feeding of infants.

PMID- 3696055
TI  - The management of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.

PMID- 3696056
TI  - Fasting or feeding during labour.

PMID- 3696057
TI  - Mammography at the crossroads.

PMID- 3696059
TI  - "Repetition strain injuries".

PMID- 3696058
TI  - The cot-death enigma.

PMID- 3696060
TI  - "Repetition strain injury"--the education solution.

PMID- 3696061
TI  - The standard for expert testimony is not reasonable degree of certainty.

PMID- 3696062
TI  - [Tachycardial arrhythmic disorder. Not every arrhythmia requires treatment].

PMID- 3696063
TI  - The timing of compensation claims in head injury cases.

PMID- 3696064
TI  - Determination of the kerma factors in tissue-equivalent plastic, C, Mg, and Fe
      for 14.7-MeV neutrons.
AB  - Microdosimetric measurements were made with tissue-equivalent plastic (TEP), C-,
      Mg-, and Fe-walled proportional counters filled with propane-based tissue
      equivalent (TE) gas and Ar gas and irradiated with 14.7-MeV neutrons. A
      theoretical model was used for the analysis of energy deposition in spherical
      detectors. An effective average mass stopping-power ratio and a W correction were
      calculated to convert the gas ionization to the kerma in the wall material. The
      neutron fluence at the position of microdosimetric measurements was determined
      with an associated particle chamber mounted with surface barrier detectors. The
      experimental measurements along with the calculated correction factors yielded
      kerma factors of 0.660 X 10(-8) cGy cm2 for TEP, 0.219 X 10(-8) cGy cm2 for C,
      0.122 X 10(-8) cGy cm2 for Mg, and 0.479 X 10(-9) cGy cm2 for Fe. The estimated
      uncertainties are 8.0% for TEP, 10.5% for C, and 9.3% for Mg and Fe.

PMID- 3696065
TI  - A microdosimetric characterization of a cyclotron-produced therapeutic neutron
      beam.
AB  - The therapeutic neutron beam of the Cyclotron Corporation's CP-42 negative-ion
      cyclotron is generated by protons of 42 MeV bombarding a thin beryllium target.
      Microdosimetric measurements were made for this neutron beam in a full-scatter
      water phantom at nine positions inside and outside the useful beam. The lineal
      energy distribution and the variations of dose-mean, frequency-mean, and
      saturated lineal energy are compared for these positions. The dose fraction due
      to gamma rays is also calculated at each of these positions, based upon
      previously published techniques. A theoretical relative biologic effectiveness,
      based upon the dual radiation action model of Kellerer and Rossi [Curr. Top.
      Radiat. Res. 8, 85 (1972)] is also shown for the positions of measurement.

PMID- 3696066
TI  - Uniformity in dosimetry protocols for therapeutic applications of fast neutron
      beams.
AB  - In this supplement to both the American and the European protocols for clinical
      neutron dosimetry, new recommendations are given with respect to the basic
      physical parameters and experimental techniques employed. For neutron dosimetry,
      the air kerma or exposure calibration in a photon beam is the most suitable
      method for the calibration of tissue-equivalent ionization chambers until
      calibration in a standard neutron field becomes available. More recent data are
      recommended for the physical parameters required for the photon calibration as
      well as for the measurements in the neutron beam. Water is recommended as the
      reference phantom material due to its similarity in absorption and scattering
      properties to muscle. The resulting overall change in absorbed dose calculated
      according to this supplement, compared with the original protocols, will be
      smaller than about +/- 2% due to differences in the basic physical parameters. An
      additional change of several percent occurs at depth in a phantom as a result of
      the difference between water and the muscle-equivalent liquid formerly
      recommended as the reference phantom material.

PMID- 3696068
TI  - A direct modeling approach to the early renal vascular transit of 99mTc chelates.
AB  - Delay channel integral methods are developed and applied for analyzing human
      renal scintiangiographic data produced after peripheral venous injection of a
      99mTc chelete. The results include information for two renal vascular
      compartments (C1, C2) and a residual compartment (Cr). Each vascular compartment
      is associated with a fraction of the total renal plasma flow (A1, A2) and a mean
      transit time (T1, T2). The residual compartment has the residual plasma flow
      fraction Ar. The results obtained in 40 normal kidneys are presented and compared
      theoretically to the results from other methods.

PMID- 3696067
TI  - Rotating laminar emission camera with Ge-detector: further developments.
AB  - A germanium (Ge) camera with laminar collimator-detector geometry, ROLEC,
      simulating a 195 X 195 mm2 detection area, has been constructed and tested. The
      detector consists of five separate Ge blocks grooved into distinct electrical
      channels. Results show that ROLEC measuring times have to be about 3 X greater
      than Anger camera measuring times to achieve a 5% signal-to-noise ratio with each
      device. Both spatial and energy resolution of the ROLEC exceed that of the Anger
      camera but sensitivity variations along the detector strips pose a significant
      problem in development of a clinically useful device.

PMID- 3696069
TI  - A technique for computing dose volume histograms for structure combinations.
AB  - Graphical displays of three-dimensional dose distribution data are often too
      complex to be easily assimilated and interpreted for the evaluation of radiation
      treatment plans. Histograms showing dose versus volume are convenient and useful
      tools for summarizing dose distribution information throughout the entire volume
      of a given anatomic structure. They can quickly highlight characteristics such as
      dose uniformity and hot and cold spots, and can be used to produce statistics
      including tumor control and normal tissue complication probabilities. To obtain a
      dose volume histogram for a given structure, it may be necessary to examine its
      spatial relationships with neighboring structures. They may overlap, be
      completely disjoint, or one may be contained within another. To resolve potential
      ambiguities, a procedure has been developed that assigns hierarchies to
      anatomical structures for the purpose of histogram calculation. The hierarchy
      assigned to each structure is used to determine the structure within which a
      given dose matrix point is considered to lie. In this manner, regions of
      structure intersection are assigned to one object or another, and dose volume
      histograms can be calculated for each structure separately. From this framework,
      addition and subtraction of histograms can also be performed. Details of the
      algorithm are presented along with an example using patient data.

PMID- 3696070
TI  - Effects of finite angular steps and extent of profile data on the calculation of
      rotational x-ray dose distributions.
AB  - Computer algorithms for rotational therapy beams, in most cases, perform dose
      calculations by summing stored fixed beam data at finite angular steps. Such an
      algorithm, based on the Bentley beam model, was evaluated by comparing
      calculations with measured data for an 18-MV x-ray beam. Measurements were made
      in a specially constructed cylindrical water phantom of 15-cm radius using a 0.1
      cm3 ionization chamber for an arc of 180 degrees and for a field size of 7.2 X
      7.2 cm2 at 100-cm source-axis distance. This study revealed that the Bentley beam
      model, with fixed beams summed every 10 degrees, predicts the dose in the
      treatment volume, centered about the isocenter, with an accuracy of approximately
      2%. However, dose at depths between the phantom surface and the treatment volume
      could be underestimated by as much as 10% (3% of isocenter). This was shown to be
      partially due to the truncated tails of the off-axis profiles in the Bentley
      model, which extend only 8 mm outside the edge of the radiation field, and the
      large angular increment of integration (10 degrees). Using beam profiles
      extending to 4 cm outside the edge of the radiation field and angular steps of 5
      degrees or less for summation of fixed beams reduced errors to less than 5%.
      Therefore, extended beam profiles and smaller angular steps for summing fixed
      beams are recommended for photon rotation calculation when increased accuracy is
      required.

PMID- 3696071
TI  - A graphite transmission ionization chamber.
AB  - A pancake-type transmission chamber made of high-purity graphite and open to the
      atmosphere has been designed and constructed at the Secondary Standard Dosimetry
      Laboratory (SSDL-Rio de Janeiro). Tests performed on the chamber following the
      International Electrotechnical Commission recommendations indicate that its
      performance characteristics are comparable to those expected from a secondary
      standard ionization chamber.

PMID- 3696072
TI  - Practical methods of electron depth-dose measurement compared to use of the NACP
      design chamber in water.
AB  - Central axis relative dose versus depth measurements were performed using two
      different small volume thimble ionization chambers and a p-type silicon diode in
      a water phantom and with two parallel-plate ionization chambers,
      thermoluminescent dosimeters, and radiographic film in a popular clear
      polystyrene phantom. Values obtained were compared to the results of similar
      measurements in a water phantom performed with a plane-parallel ionization
      chamber designed and optimized for use in electron beams by the Nordic
      Association of Clinical Physicists (NACP). The NACP chamber is expected to
      minimally perturb the electron fluence and be least prone to point of measurement
      uncertainties. Its use in a water phantom closely approximates the spirit of
      recent international protocols. Data were obtained for the foil scattered
      electron beams generated by two different accelerators for field sizes from 6 cm
      X 6 cm to 25 cm X 25 cm and energies between 6 and 20 MeV. Easily identifiable
      effective points of measurements were defined for each measurement device and
      standard corrections were applied to the raw data to obtain depth-dose curves.
      The degree of agreement between the various techniques and the NACP-water
      standard was quantitatively analyzed through comparison of the resulting depths
      of 50% dose and practical range. All methods were found to yield reasonable
      results when carefully implemented, with average differences of less than 1 mm
      being easily achievable. Measurements with p-type silicon diode detectors were
      found to be particularly useful, as they are pointlike and appear from all
      practical considerations to directly represent relative dose, thus requiring
      little or no correction to raw readings.

PMID- 3696073
TI  - Measurements in high-intensity beams from medical linear accelerators.
AB  - There is a potential to produce very high doses and dose rates on dual mode
      (electron and x-ray capability) medical electron accelerators [C. J. Karzmark,
      Br. J. Radiol. 40, 697 (1967)]. Measurements were taken on two accelerators to
      determine the size of the doses which were possible. The experiments demonstrate
      the limitations of many of the commonly used dosimeters when they are used
      outside of the dose and dose rate ranges normally encountered in a radiotherapy
      department. Dose rates from 110 to 165 cGy/pulse were measured using ionization
      chamber, ferrous sulphate and thermoluminescent dosimetry, and water calorimetry.

PMID- 3696074
TI  - Properties of the 18-MV photon beam from a dual energy linear accelerator.
AB  - The beam characteristics of the 18-MV photon beam of a Varian Clinac 1800 are
      presented. The clinically relevant parameters of central axis depth dose, tissue
      phantom ratios, peak-scatter factors, and relative output factors are discussed
      and compared to 18-MV beam data previously reported. The nominal beam energy was
      found to be 18.3 +/- 0.8 MV on the central axis. The beam symmetry and uniformity
      meet the manufacturer's specifications. The inverse-square law is applicable
      within 1.4% over the clinically useful range of distances and field sizes. An
      empirical fit equation for the central axis depth dose is presented.

PMID- 3696075
TI  - Image restoration from nonuniform static field influence in modified echo-planar
      imaging.
AB  - Experimental results of images restored from the influence of nonuniform static
      fields in modified echo-planar imaging are presented. The same restoration
      technique is used as that proposed for Fourier imaging. Experimental results show
      that both density variation and geometrical distortion can almost completely be
      eliminated in the restored image. Image restoration can relax the stringent
      requirement on the amplitude of the time-modulated gradient needed in modified
      echo-planar imaging.

PMID- 3696077
TI  - Comments on "The effects of random directional distributed flow in nuclear
      magnetic resonance imaging".

PMID- 3696076
TI  - Comments on "A review of 1H nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation in pathology;
      are T1 and T2 diagnostic?

PMID- 3696078
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of stationary blood: a review.
AB  - The magnetic resonance imaging appearance of blood, as with other body tissues,
      is affected strongly by magnetic relaxation rates of the water protons. For blood
      containing only oxyhemoglobin, as for most tissues, the relaxation times are
      determined by diamagnetic effects related primarily to protein content. However
      blood containing either deoxyhemoglobin or methemoglobin exhibits additional
      paramagnetic relaxation effects, which have important consequences for magnetic
      resonance imaging of hematomas. First, the field inhomogeneity created by the
      concentration of paramagnetism in the red blood cells lowers the effective T2.
      This effect depends on field strength, and so is more striking at high fields,
      and is greater if gradient echoes are used. In fact, the observation of a
      difference in T2 with the two different echo methods provides an unequivocal
      indication of field inhomogeneity such as is produced by erythrocytes. A second
      paramagnetic relaxation effect is the direct interaction of protons with the
      electron spin of methemoglobin, which markedly lowers both T1 and T2. This effect
      is important in the imaging of hematomas that are at least several days old,
      after significant conversion of hemoglobin to the met form has taken place.

PMID- 3696079
TI  - The solution of Bloch equations for flowing spins during a selective pulse using
      a finite difference method.
AB  - The movement of spins during periods of selective pulses result in a modulation
      of the signal intensity and phase of the received magnetic resonance imaging
      (MRI) signal, and is a major cause of signal loss from vessels imaged with slice
      selective pulses. Methods are well developed for compensation of phase
      perturbations for spins flowing at constant velocity during the time of applied
      gradients. However, for spins flowing during selective pulses, the magnitude of
      the amplitude and phase perturbations has not been understood nor to this time
      has any method of flow compensation been proposed. This is due in part to the
      difficulty in using the Bloch equations to quantify the amplitude and phase
      modulation during radiofrequency (rf) excitation since solutions cannot be
      obtained analytically. In this paper a finite difference method is used to solve
      Bloch equations for flowing spins during a 90 degrees selective pulse. Compared
      with stationary spins, the magnetization distribution for flowing spins exhibits
      a shift of the slice profile in the direction of the flow, an expansion of the
      profile, phase shifts, and changes in profile shape. The profiles show residual
      phase errors which become more severe with higher flow velocities, with flow
      compensation schemes which apply in the case of spins flowing during applied
      gradients, and in the absence of an rf pulse. The measurement and understanding
      of the magnetization distribution is important to designing pulse sequences that
      compensate for flow. Flow compensated pulse sequences are necessary to reduce
      image flow artifacts and to increase signal of vessels in MR angiographic images.

PMID- 3696080
TI  - Radiofrequency penetration and absorption in the human body: limitations to high
      field whole-body nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.
AB  - This study presents experimental results about the effective depth of penetration
      and about the radiofrequency (rf) power absorption in humans as a function of
      frequency. The frequency range investigated covers 10 up to 220 MHz. For the main
      part, the results were derived from bench measurements of the quality factor Q,
      and of the resonance frequency shift due to the loading of the coil. Different
      types of head-, body-, and surface coils were investigated loaded with volunteers
      or metallic phantoms. For spin-echo imaging at 2 T (85 MHz), the local specific
      absorption rate (SAR) was found to be approximately equal to 0.05 W/kg using a pi
      pulse of 1-ms duration and pulse repetition time TR = 1 s. Measurements of the
      quality factor Q as a function of frequency show that the SAR depends upon the
      frequency f according to approximately f2.15. The effective depth of rf
      penetration as derived drops from 17 cm at 85 MHz to 7 cm at 220 MHz. Head
      imaging with B1 penetrating from practically all sides into the object should be
      possible up to 220 MHz (5 T) with SAR values staying within the local limit of 2
      W/kg as set by the FDA. Whole-body imaging of large subjects as well as surface
      coil imaging is depth limited above 100-MHz frequency. Perturbation methods are
      applied in order to separate the total rf power deposition in the patient into
      dielectric and magnetic contributions. The observed effects due to interactions
      of rf magnetic fields with biological tissue contradict predictions based on
      homogeneous tissue models. A refined tissue model with regions of high electrical
      conductivity, subdivided by quasi-insulating adipose layers, provides a rationale
      for a better understanding of the underlying processes. At frequencies below 100
      MHz, the rf power deposition in patients is apparently more evenly distributed
      over the exposed body volume than currently assumed.

PMID- 3696081
TI  - Oblique magnetic resonance imaging of the bronchi.
AB  - The trachea and main bronchi of a supine patient in a magnetic resonance (MR)
      scanner are not contained in a single standard coronal plane, but instead
      intersect this coronal plane at some angle, usually 20 degrees - 35 degrees. We
      have developed a new MR imaging protocol to determine the oblique imaging plane
      which best contains the trachea and main bronchi. The resulting oblique images
      simplify anatomical identification, and allow the user to select additional
      oblique planes which cut any desired portion of main bronchus in true cross
      section. Accurate lumen shapes and areas may then be extracted from these cross
      sectional images. The method does not require the patient to be moved or rotated,
      and does not require hardware modification. We demonstrate the clinical
      application of the protocol with both a normal volunteer and a patient with an
      endobronchial tumor. The use of gradient echo pulse sequences together with this
      protocol to distinguish between vessels and bronchi is presented. We provide
      phantom verification to demonstrate the quantitative accuracy of the method to
      provide lumen areas.

PMID- 3696082
TI  - Effects of scattered radiation and veiling glare in dual-energy tissue-bone
      imaging: a theoretical analysis.
AB  - Dual-energy subtraction imaging allows tissue and bone structures to be separated
      from each other and attenuating thicknesses measured. Potential applications
      include chest imaging, bone mineral measurement, angiography, and mammography.
      However, intrinsic to most x-ray detectors is the acceptance of scattered
      radiation as part of the image signal. Added to that is the veiling glare
      component when an image intensifier is used. Together, they result in erroneous
      transmission measurement and degrade the accuracy of energy subtraction
      processing. In this paper, the effects of scattered radiation and veiling glare
      on energy subtraction images are examined theoretically. A model is derived and
      used to compute the effects on the thickness signals, image contrast, and image
      noise as a function of the scatter glare to primary ratios. The ratios were
      measured on a point-by-point basis for a Rando chest phantom. For 96% of the
      image field studied, the thickness signals may be subject to an error ranging
      from 0 to -22.5 cm for tissue and 0 to 5.2 cm for bone. The image contrast in the
      tissue image may be reduced by a factor ranging from 1 to 59. The percentage of
      the uncanceled bone signals ranges from -52% to 52%. The contrast-to-noise ratio
      may be reduced by a factor ranging from 1 to 18.

PMID- 3696083
TI  - Microradiography with an x-ray image magnifier: application to dental hard
      tissue.
AB  - The superior spatial resolution obtained with parallel-beam microradiography over
      conventional contact microradiography has allowed us to image microstructural
      features of dental hard tissue not previously reported. Our efforts to extend
      these techniques to provide a real-time capability for viewing in situ
      demineralization and remineralization effects, at and below the 1-micron level,
      have resulted in an instrument with several novel and unique features. Using a
      synchrotron radiation source of x rays and diffraction image magnification, we
      are now able to change magnification at will (x-ray zoom lens). In addition, the
      energy range over which the instrument operates gives one considerable
      flexibility in optimizing image contrast. The techniques of parallel-beam
      microradiography, and diffraction image magnification are applicable to problems
      in many other areas of science. Using examples within dental research, the
      uniqueness and versatility of these new techniques are discussed.

PMID- 3696084
TI  - Therapy imaging: a signal-to-noise analysis of metal plate/film detectors.
AB  - We have measured the modulation transfer functions [MTF (f)'s] and the noise
      power spectra [NPS (f)] of therapy x-ray detectors irradiated by 60Co, 6- and 18
      MV radiotherapy beams. Using these quantities, we have calculated the noise
      equivalent quanta [NEQ (f)] and the detective quantum efficiency [DQE (f)] to
      quantitate the limitations of therapy detectors. The detectors consisted of film
      or fluorescent screen-film combinations in contact with copper, lead, or tungsten
      metal plates. The resolution of the detectors was found to be comparable to
      fluorescent screen-film combinations used in diagnostic radiology, however, the
      signal-to-noise ratio [SNR (f)] of the detectors was limited due to film
      granularity. We conclude that improved images can be obtained by using
      alternative detector systems which have less noise or film granularity.

PMID- 3696086
TI  - The production of secondary electrons in an electron beam.
AB  - Convenient methods for calculating the ratio of restricted to unrestricted
      collision stopping power in water over a wide range of initial and cutoff
      energies, the rate of production of secondary electrons, and the primary electron
      dose distribution in an electron beam, are presented.

PMID- 3696085
TI  - Determination of electron beam mean incident energy from d50 (ionization) values.
AB  - Depth-ionization measurements have been obtained with an air-filled Nordic
      Association of Clinical Physicists (NACP) design parallel-plate ionization
      chamber in a water phantom for ten foil-scattered electron beams from two
      different machines with nominal energies between 6 and 20 MeV and field sizes
      from 6 X 6 to 25 X 25 cm2. Depths of 50% ionization and practical range have been
      determined from least-squares fits to both the raw data and values corrected to
      parallel-beam geometry using measured virtual source distances. Depths of 50%
      dose have also been obtained from fits to divergence-corrected depth-dose
      measurements performed under identical conditions using, a p-type silicon diode
      detector. Utilizing accepted conversion factors between mean incident energy (E0)
      and depth of 50% dose for parallel incident beams, and taking advantage of the
      fact that p-type silicon diode detector readings are nearly directly indicative
      of relative dose, conversion factors between E0 and depth of 50% ionization for
      divergence-corrected and raw, uncorrected finite source-surface distance depth
      ionization data are empirically determined. Those values, obtained using the
      results of both ETRAN and EGS4 dose calculations as base lines, are compared to
      values currently recommended for use in clinical dosimetry.

PMID- 3696087
TI  - Collimated electron beams and their associated penumbra widths.
AB  - The Fermi-Eyges multiple-scattering theory for electrons is applied to calculate
      profiles of collimated electron beams. The dose profile below the collimator is a
      convolution of the intensity distribution of the electrons at the level of the
      collimator and the distribution arising from the propagation of a Gaussian point
      source from the collimator to the level of the calculation. The electrons at the
      level of the collimator possess an angular distribution characteristic of the
      configuration of the electron beam at the vacuum window. Hence, the dose profile
      and its associated penumbra width can be expressed in terms of the angular
      moments of the distribution of the electrons at the collimator. The dependence of
      the penumbra width on the configuration-dependent angular spread of the electrons
      at the collimator accounts for differences in the size of the penumbra between
      two broad-beam configurations. These differences are also seen experimentally. We
      have also studied the dependence of the angular moments of the electrons upon
      scattering foils present above the collimator and the position of the beam
      broadening device in the accelerator head.

PMID- 3696088
TI  - Intracellular pH of the turtle bladder assessed with fluorescent probes.
AB  - Intracellular pH of the turtle bladder was measured with fluorescent probe 6
      carboxyfluorescein (6-CF) diacetate. In isolated cells this probe provides
      reliable, reproducible and fast measurements of intracellular pH. The probe was
      mainly located in the cytosol and thus the values of intracellular pH mainly
      reflect cytosolic pH. The values of intracellular pH obtained with 6-CF were very
      similar to those measured with 14C-methylamine and 'null point' technique. The 6
      CF technique was capable of detecting small changes in intracellular pH induced
      by acetazolamide. The intracellular pH of the mitochondrial-rich and granular
      cell fraction was not different. In addition to assessing intracellular pH of
      isolated cells, it was possible to monitor the intracellular pH of whole bladders
      continuously with 6-CF. Addition of CO2 to serosal solution decreased
      intracellular pH while perfusion with NH3 increased intracellular pH. Thus, 6-CF
      provides reliable and accurate measurements of intracellular pH in isolated cells
      and in whole bladders. This technique is capable of detecting rapid changes in
      intracellular pH and provides continuous monitoring of intracellular pH and thus
      should allow correlation of changes in urinary acidification with intracellular
      H+ concentration.

PMID- 3696089
TI  - Biochemical effects of a calcium supplement in osteoporotic postmenopausal women
      with normal absorption and malabsorption of calcium.
AB  - Although calcium supplements are widely used to reduce bone resorption in
      osteoporosis, their beneficial effect is not conclusively established. We have
      studied the acute (after 12 h) effects of an oral calcium load (1 g) in a group
      of 35 osteoporotic postmenopausal women, comprising 19 subjects with normal
      absorption and 16 subjects with malabsorption of calcium. In the subjects with
      normal calcium absorption the fasting urinary total hydroxyproline/creatinine
      ratio fell from 0.021 to 0.017 (p less than 0.001), but in those with
      malabsorption of calcium it did not change significantly. This difference between
      the two groups was significant (p less than 0.01). These results indicate that an
      oral calcium load rapidly suppresses bone resorption in osteoporotic subjects
      with normal absorption of calcium, but not in those with malabsorption of
      calcium.

PMID- 3696090
TI  - Determinants of osmotic phenomena created by an isolated change in extracellular
      solute in anuria.
AB  - The magnitude of the osmotic fluid shifts between extracellular and intracellular
      compartments and the changes in solute concentration that follow a change in
      extracellular solute are determined by the following factors: (1) the rate
      constant of total body osmotic fluid transfer, (2) the change in the amount of
      solute per liter of initial extracellular volume, (3) the initial ratio of
      intracellular to extracellular volume, which is usually determined by the state
      of extracellular volume (for the same change in the amount of solute per liter of
      initial extracellular volume, the changes in both extracellular volume and
      osmolality are greater in edematous than nonedematous states) and (4) the initial
      osmolality of body fluids (comparatively, the lower the initial osmolality, the
      larger the osmotic fluid shifts will be). However, the magnitude of the change in
      osmolality will be the same regardless of initial osmolality, if the other
      determinants are the same. If the determining factors are known, formulae applied
      in clinical medicine to predict the changes in solute concentration are
      theoretically sound. The initial intracellular to extracellular volume ratio
      characterizes the state of body fluids and can be computed from the changes in
      solute concentration provided that osmotic equilibrium exists between
      intracellular and extracellular compartments before and after the osmotic
      disturbance.

PMID- 3696091
TI  - Characterization of the state of body fluids in anuric hyperglycemic humans.
AB  - Based on mathematical analysis, a method computing deviations from normal in body
      weight, water and sodium, and requiring only presenting body weight and
      hyperglycemic and euglycemic plasma glucose and sodium concentrations in anuria
      was developed. Data from 18 hyperglycemic episodes (12 anuric patients) treated
      with insulin alone were analyzed by this method and were compared to clinical
      estimates. When normal body water and extracellular volume were assumed to be
      0.579 and 0.213 of dry weight, respectively, deviations of presenting weight from
      dry weight (in kg) were as follows (x = clinical estimate, y = new method
      estimate): x: -2.5 to +17.2 (+4.6 +/- 5.1, SD); y: -4.1 to +16.7 (+4.2 +/- 5.4,
      NS); y = -0.4 + 1.0008x, r = 0.96 (p less than 0.01). Similar comparisons were
      obtained for deviation of body sodium from normal and for euglycemic
      extracellular volume. Estimates by the two methods agreed when normal body water
      was assumed to vary between 0.525 and 0.625 of dry weight and when normal
      extracellular volume was assumed to vary between 0.31 and 0.40 of normal body
      water.

PMID- 3696092
TI  - Case-control study of risk factors for idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis.
AB  - We compared epidemiological risk factors and urine excretion of calcium,
      phosphate, uric acid, urea nitrogen, sodium, potassium, and fluid volume in
      recurrent idiopathic calcium stone-formers and in a control group of age- and sex
      matched normal volunteers. Stone-formers were less likely than normal subjects to
      have followed a low-calorie diet, but body weight did not differ between the two
      groups. Daily urine calcium excretion was a graded risk factor for stone
      formation throughout its range. Daily urine urea nitrogen and potassium excretion
      were lower in stone-formers than in controls, but excretion of uric acid, sodium,
      phosphate, and creatinine did not differ. However, there were positive
      associations between urine calcium excretion and the urine excretion of sodium,
      urea nitrogen, uric acid, phosphate, and creatinine in stone-formers; and these
      associations were significantly stronger than in normal subjects. We conclude
      that urine calcium excretion is a major risk factor for idiopathic calcium stone
      formation, but cannot confirm such a role for urine uric acid excretion. Total
      dietary protein intake may be lower in stone-formers than in controls. However,
      stone-formers may be more sensitive than normal subjects to the calciuric effects
      of protein and sodium. A strong association of urine calcium excretion with urine
      phosphate excretion in stone-formers is probably independent of dietary protein
      intake.

PMID- 3696093
TI  - Safety of osteoporosis treatment with sodium fluoride, calcium phosphate and
      vitamin D.
AB  - During an 8-year period, 163 consecutive patients with spinal crush fracture
      osteoporosis started a 5-year treatment with a combination of sodium fluoride (60
      mg/day), calcium phosphate (45 mmol/day) and vitamin D2 (18,000 IU/day), and were
      followed in the outpatient clinic every 3 months. Fourty-three patients completed
      the 5-year treatment. Mean observation time was 2.8 years, totalling 460 patient
      years. Fifty-one percent of the patients experienced joint-related (37%) or
      gastrointestinal (25%) side effects at one time or another. All side effects
      subsided after a median 6-week withdrawal of fluoride. Six percent of the
      patients withdrew from treatment due to side effects. Mean serum calcium values
      slightly decreased during treatment and no hypercalcemic episodes were seen.
      Urinary excretion of calcium did not change during treatment. No changes in
      renal, bone marrow or thyroid functions could be detected. The liver function
      might be slightly affected as indicated by minute increases in serum bilirubin
      and decreases in serum coagulation factors and albumin, but no other changes in
      liver function were observed.

PMID- 3696094
TI  - Role of hypertension and coagulation in the progressive glomerulopathy of rats
      with subtotal renal ablation.
AB  - Administration of heparin to rats with 1 3/4 nephrectomy prevents the development
      of glomerulosclerosis, hypertension and retards the decrease in renal function
      seen in these rats. To further define the role of hypertension and/or coagulation
      in the pathogenesis of the glomerulopathy seen in this model we studied several
      groups of rats with 1 3/4 nephrectomy: (1) a control group; (2) a group receiving
      a 'high dose' of acetylsalicylic acid (50 mg/kg) plus dipyridamole (10 mg/kg);
      (3) a group receiving a 'low' dose (5 mg/kg body weight) of acetylsalicylic acid
      alone; (4) a group receiving OKY 1581, an inhibitor of thromboxane synthesis; (5)
      a group treated with antihypertensive medications; (6) a group receiving heparin
      subcutaneously twice daily, and (7) a group given oral Coumadin. Drugs in all
      groups were administered daily for 4 weeks. All treated groups had a decrease in
      blood pressure (BP), in the ratio of heart weight to body weight, in BUN levels
      and had fewer abnormal glomeruli. The effects of acetylsalicylic acid alone, of
      acetylsalicylic acid plus dipyridamole, and OKY 1581 may be due to inhibition of
      platelet aggregation and intraglomerular thrombosis, with the fall in BP being
      the consequence of improved renal function. On the other hand, the decrease in BP
      may be related to a primary effect of these drugs. The lower BP in turn may play
      a role in slowing the progression of renal disease and improving the renal
      histology in the treated groups.

PMID- 3696095
TI  - Effect of phosphate infusion on proximal tubule phosphate reabsorption in
      phosphate-deprived and respiratory alkalotic rats.
AB  - Phosphate deprivation and acute respiratory alkalosis both stimulate phosphate
      conservation by the kidney. To evaluate the response of the superficial proximal
      tubule to increases in the filtered load of phosphate (Pi), micropuncture studies
      were performed in these two models of Pi conservation, rats fed a low-phosphate
      diet (0.07% Pi), and rats with acute respiratory alkalosis (RA). All animals were
      acutely thyroparathyroidectomized. After basal collections, the animals were
      infused with Pi at a rate of 4 microM/min and then the samples recollected 30 min
      after the initiation of the Pi infusion. Infusion of phosphate increased the
      filtered load of phosphate (FLPi) of single nephrons from 112 +/- 13 to 266 +/-
      44 pmol/min in phosphate-derived rats and from 123 +/- 21 to 217 +/- 44 pmol/min
      in respiratory alkalotic rats. However, absolute reabsorption of phosphate (ARPi)
      increased only in phosphate deprivation (94 +/- 16 to 126 +/- 25 pmol/min). These
      results indicate that the superficial proximal convoluted tubule responds to
      phosphate infusion by increasing reabsorption in the phosphate-deprived model,
      but not in the respiratory alkalotic model, of phosphate conservation.

PMID- 3696096
TI  - Substrate oxidation in kidney slices from acidotic and alkalotic rats: role in
      ammoniagenic adaptation.
AB  - The enhanced renal ammoniagenesis that occurs during acidosis may depend on
      oxidative processes. To determine this, oxygen consumption (Qo2) of renal slices
      from acidotic rats (medium pH 7.0) and alkalotic rats (medium pH 7.8) in the
      presence of 4 different substrates (glutamine, lactate, acetate and 2
      oxoglutarate) was investigated. Incremental addition of any oxidizable substrate
      tested to the incubation medium increased Qo2 until a maximal rate was approached
      (approximately 17-58% above baseline). Comparing acidotic to alkalotic slices,
      Qo2 was significantly less at low concentrations of lactate and acetate before
      maximal Qo2 occurred. In contrast, Qo2 was relatively higher at low
      concentrations of 2-oxoglutarate and glutamine with acidotic compared to
      alkalotic slices. Accordingly, acid-base perturbations produce different patterns
      of Qo2 depending on the substrate and its concentration. These observations
      coupled with others are consistent with the hypothesis that a relative block in
      the oxidation of lactate and acetate during acidosis provides more NAD+ for
      glutamine oxidation and participates in acidotic regulation of renal glutamine
      metabolism.

PMID- 3696097
TI  - Effects of adenosine triphosphate depletion in the isolated perfused rat kidney.
AB  - Glycerol or fructose (40 mM) was added to the control perfusate and renal
      function was observed in the isolated perfused rat kidney during nonischemic
      perfusions or perfusions following 30 min of clamp ischemia. Addition of glycerol
      or fructose resulted in lowering adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels to 62 and
      35%, respectively, of levels achieved with control perfusate under nonischemic
      conditions (p less than 0.01). Total adenine nucleotides (TAN) were also lowered
      to 67% with glycerol and 61% with fructose of control values under nonischemic
      conditions (p less than 0.05). However, physiologic parameters of renal plasma
      flow and inulin clearance were essentially unaffected by either glycerol or
      fructose. Following ischemia, glycerol and fructose reduced ATP levels to 51 and
      37% and TAN levels to 67 and 65%, respectively, of values seen with control
      perfusate. However, recovery of renal plasma flow and inulin clearance were
      uneffected by the addition of either glycerol or fructose. Thus, a 33-65%
      reduction in renal tissue ATP by glycerol or fructose does not appear to have a
      deleterious effect on organ function in the basal state or during recovery from
      an ischemic insult in the isolated perfused rat kidney.

PMID- 3696098
TI  - Serial measurements of body composition and total body mineral content in
      dialysis and nondialysis patients with renal failure.
AB  - Thirty-two patients with chronic renal failure, and 68 patients on maintenance
      hemodialysis underwent serial total body neutron activation over periods of time
      ranging from 23 to 159 months. Measurements of total body potassium (TBK), total
      body sodium (TBNa), total body calcium (TBCa), total body phosphorus (TBPhos),
      and total body chloride (TBC1) were performed. The results were normalized by
      lean body mass (LBM) or kilogram body weight (BW). The TBNa/LBM and TBC1/BW
      decreased during the first 36 months of measurements in the dialysis males, while
      there was no change in the nondialysis males. The TBNa/LBM, TBC1/LBM and TBC1/BW
      decreased during the first 36 months of monitoring the dialysis females, while a
      decrease in the LBM was the only change in the nondialysis females. In patients
      with an increasing K ratio (observed/predicted TBK), the TBNa/LBM and TBCa/LBM
      decreased and the LBM/BW increased. Similarly, in patients with an increasing Ca
      ratio (observed/predicted TBCa), the TBCa/LBM and TBPhos increased. The
      increasing K ratio in dialysis patients with a decreasing TBNa/LBM probably
      represents an improvement in nutritional status. The increasing TBPhos in
      dialysis patients with an increasing Ca ratio may represent an increase in
      skeletal tissue and/or soft tissue calcification. In dialysis females, the total
      body nitrogen is not different from controls. The total body fat, as a percentage
      of body weight, is greater in dialysis patients than in controls.

PMID- 3696099
TI  - Renal tubular dysfunctions in patients with idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis.
AB  - To define the degree of renal tubular involvement in idiopathic calcium
      nephrolithiasis, 18 patients (aged 23-60 years, 15 men and 3 women, with 1-30
      years of renal stone history) with normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and
      effective renal plasma flow with no history of urinary tract infection and on no
      dietary or drug therapy underwent the following studies: measurement of proximal
      tubular maximum reabsorption of glucose (Tmglucose) and secretion of para
      aminohippurate (TmPAH), urinary concentrating ability after 14 h of fluid
      deprivation, and urinary net acid excretion following an oral dose of ammonium
      chloride, 0.1 g/kg of body weight. Seventeen healthy subjects in the same age
      range served as control. Patients with calcium nephrolithiasis, with normal renal
      hemodynamic functions, have significantly lower proximal tubular maximum
      reabsorptive and secretory functions, diminished urinary concentrating mechanism,
      and reduced urinary net acid excretion following an oral acid load. These tubular
      functional abnormalities were observed in patients with or without
      hypercalciuria.

PMID- 3696100
TI  - Effect of hypophosphatemia on brain catecholamines content in the rat.
AB  - Phosphate depletion is associates with abnormalities of the central nervous
      system (CNS) and of the cardiovascular system. Since alterations of
      catecholamines content in the CNS may contribute to these abnormalities, we
      studied the effect of phosphate depletion on catecholamine content of various
      areas of CNS in rat. Phosphate-depleted rats showed significant reduction in both
      dopamine and nonrepinephrine concentrations of medulla oblongata, hypothalamus,
      striatum and midbrain. However, epinephrine levels were significantly reduced
      only in the hypothalamus and not in any other regions studied. Dopamine content
      of cerebral cortex, cerebellum and norepinephrine content of cerebellum were not
      affected. These changes could contribute to the CNS abnormalities observed in
      phosphate depletion, but they may also be a consequence of altered energy
      metabolism coupled with hypotensive effect seen in phosphate-depleted animals.

PMID- 3696101
TI  - [High incidence of empty sella in long-term hypothyroidism].

PMID- 3696102
TI  - [Long-term insulin treatment using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusions:
      metabolic control and hemorheological aspects].

PMID- 3696103
TI  - Trimethyltin ototoxicity in albino rats.
AB  - The toxicity of alkyltin compounds is of exceptional interest due to the
      dissimilar toxic effects of some very closely related structural analogues among
      this class of compounds. Since several features of the toxicity of trimethyltin
      appeared to be consistent with a mechanism involving accumulation of the toxicant
      on melanin pigments, the ototoxicity induced by TMT exposure was examined in
      albino rats. Hearing thresholds for tones sampling the mid- and high-frequency
      range of the rat's audibility function were assessed by reflex inhibition
      audiometry. TMT produced a frequency dependent loss of auditory sensitivity that
      was most severe in the high frequency range. The TMT-induced impairment of
      auditory function was similar to that previously observed in pigmented Long-Evans
      rats. These results extend the observation of TMT-induced hearing loss to a non
      pigmented rodent strain and suggest that the accumulation of TMT on cochlear
      melanin is not critical to the production of hearing impairment by TMT.

PMID- 3696104
TI  - Ethanol self-administration in rats following exposure to dietary cadmium.
AB  - Rats were maintained on an ad lib diet containing 100 ppm cadmium (Group Cadmium
      Diet) or a control diet with no added cadmium (Group Control-Diet). After 55 days
      of exposure to their respective diets, animals were tested for fluid intake using
      a nonchoice procedure that presented a 15% ethanol solution in the home cage for
      5 days. Subsequently, all animals were offered a 10% ethanol solution or tap
      water in a 3-bottle, 2-fluid choice test in the home cage. This fluid intake test
      was conducted for a 5 day baseline period, and then again concurrently with
      avoidance acquisition (14 days) and extinction (4 days) training on a free
      operant (Sidman) avoidance task that required animals to lever press to avoid
      electric footshock. After training was terminated the choice test was continued
      further in the home cage for a 15 day post-avoidance period. Ethanol intake was
      greater for animals exposed to cadmium on all tests of fluid consumption, and all
      animals consumed more ethanol during the periods following termination of the
      stressor (avoidance extinction, post-avoidance) than during the actual period of
      stress (avoidance acquisition). Interpretive comments focus on the effects of
      cadmium on stress reactivity, sensory processing, and metabolism.

PMID- 3696105
TI  - Absence of symptoms with carboxyhemoglobin levels of 16-23%.
AB  - It has been generally accepted that carboxyhemoglobin levels between 10-20%
      produce mild headaches, dizziness and/or nausea. Experimental double blind
      exposures of 18 healthy, nonsmoking young men at rest to 7,000-24,000 ppm CO,
      designed to elevate COHb to 15-20% in 3-5 minutes, were followed by exposure to
      232 ppm CO designed to maintain COHb level for a total of 130 minutes. Resulting
      COHb values were 16-23%. These COHb values did not produce significantly more
      symptoms (as reported in an open-ended questioning) than reported in the control
      group (n = 23). Subjects were especially queried about headache, dizziness and
      nausea. The symptoms which were previously reported in clinical studies of CO
      poisoning may have resulted from CO exposure in combination with (a) exposure to
      other substances, (b) stress due to the event that precipitated medical attention
      or (c) higher COHb levels before the first blood sample was taken.

PMID- 3696106
TI  - Fetal alcohol effects in long- and short-sleep mice: activity, passive avoidance,
      and in utero ethanol levels.
AB  - Genetic differences in susceptibility to fetal alcohol effects (FAE) have been
      suggested by both human and animal studies. The Long-Sleep (LS) and Short-Sleep
      (SS) mouse lines, selectively bred for differences in ethanol-induced narcosis,
      provide a model for studying differential alcohol sensitivity in the etiology of
      FAE. LS and SS mice were intubated with either 2.9 g/kg (20% w/v) ethanol (E) or
      an isocaloric amount of sucrose (S) twice per day (6 hr apart) on Days 7 through
      15 of pregnancy. An untreated control group (C) was maintained for each line.
      Offspring were fostered to lactating Rockland-Swiss mice at birth. LS offspring
      prenatally exposed to ethanol exhibited increased open-field activity relative to
      LS controls, but this effect was due to the overactivity of one litter. Activity
      for SS mice prenatally exposed to ethanol did not differ from control levels.
      Ethanol content in blood (280 mg/dl), amniotic fluid (258 mg/dl), and fetal
      tissue (230 mg/dl) did not differ in similarly treated LS and SS dams. In a
      second experiment, females were treated from Days 7 through 18 of gestation, and
      their offspring were tested for either open-field activity or passive avoidance
      learning. There were no group differences in open-field activity, but LS mice
      prenatally exposed to alcohol took more trials to reach a passive avoidance
      criterion than their controls, whereas similarly treated SS mice did not differ
      from controls. These results suggest that genetically-mediated sensitivity to
      ethanol influences susceptibility to FAE and that this may be task specific.

PMID- 3696107
TI  - Effects of trimethyltin on evoked potentials in mouse hippocampal slices.
AB  - The effects of trimethyltin (TMT) on responses to orthodromic stimulation in the
      CA1 pyramidal cell layer and dentate gyrus were investigated in mouse hippocampal
      slices. In both regions exposure to 10.0 microM TMT produced an 80 to 90%
      reduction in population spike amplitude. Smaller decreases in spike amplitude
      occurred after 5 microM TMT and these effects were reversible in the pyramidial
      cell layer. The latency of 5.0 microM effects was longer in the dentate gyrus and
      were preceded by a slight (20%) increase in spike amplitude. The smallest dose of
      TMT tested (1.0 microM) did not change response amplitude, but did increase the
      occurrence of multiple population spike potentials. When TMT was applied during
      paired-pulse stimulation of the perforant path the potentiation of the second
      response was not selectively reduced. The results indicate that orthodromic
      excitability of both pyramidal and granule cells in the mouse hippocampus is
      decreased by TMT with small differences occurring in latency and reversibility at
      certain doses.

PMID- 3696108
TI  - Formulation and food deprivation affects 2,4-D neurobehavioral toxicity in rats.
AB  - The herbicide 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a commonly used herbicide
      and one component of Agent Orange. The herbicide is commonly formulated as the
      butyl ester. The effects of a 50:50 mixture of n-butyl and iso-butyl esters of
      2,4-D (2,4-D mixed butyl esters, 150-175 mg/kg/day SC) on photocell locomotor
      activity and landing foot splay were assessed in rats. Similarly the effects of
      2,4-D mixed butyl esters and pure 2,4-D-n-butyl ester (150 mg/kg/day SC) on
      photocell locomotor activity were assessed in both food deprived and free feeding
      rats. In general, food deprivation tended to decrease the sensitivity of rats to
      the effects of either formulation. The spectrum of neurobehavioral effects varied
      with the ester isomers. Both 2,4-D-n-butyl ester and 2,4-D mixed butyl esters
      depressed photocell locomotor activity. 2,4-D mixed butyl esters failed to
      increase landing foot splay as reported for 2,4-D-n-butyl ester. The extent of
      ester hydrolysis was similar when comparable concentrations of 2,4-D acid were
      measured in blood and brain four hours following either formulation. 2,4-D-n
      butyl ester caused significantly more activity depression than 2,4-D mixed butyl
      esters. Additionally, tolerance developed more rapidly for animals receiving 2,4
      D mixed butyl esters than for animals receiving 2,4-D-n-butyl ester. These
      studies exemplify the importance of herbicide formulation and subject nutritional
      status in the expression of neurobehavioral toxicity.

PMID- 3696109
TI  - Effects of subchronic soman on avoidance-escape behavior and cholinesterase
      activities.
AB  - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained on a discriminated avoidance-escape task.
      They were administered subchronically saline, 12.7 micrograms/kg (0.125 LD50)
      soman, or 25.5 micrograms/kg (0.25 LD50) soman. Injections were given 5 days per
      week for 4 weeks. Injections were given subcutaneously immediately following the
      avoidance behavior test session. Soman produced a reduction in avoidance behavior
      efficiency in a dose dependent manner. When soman was discontinued, the rats
      recovered their pre-soman control baselines. Untrained rats given soman according
      to the same soman regimen were used to measure acetylcholine in brain and
      cholinesterase activities in brain, blood, and diaphragm. After 18 soman
      injections at 12.7 and 25.5 micrograms/kg acetylcholine was reduced significantly
      only in the amygdala. Blood cholinesterase was inhibited as much as 57% after
      12.7 micrograms/kg soman and 74% after 25.5 micrograms/kg. Plasma cholinesterase
      was inhibited to 24% by the 12.7 micrograms/kg dose of soman and to 38% by the
      25.5 micrograms/kg dose. Plasma cholinesterase recovered to control levels 11
      days after cessation of soman, and whole blood cholinesterase recovered 25 days
      after cessation of the higher soman dose. Cholinesterase was inhibited
      significantly in the hippocampus and amygdala in a dose dependent manner. The
      cholinesterase activities appear to parallel the soman induced decrement in
      avoidance behavior and the subsequent recovery to control levels following
      withdrawal of soman.

PMID- 3696110
TI  - Pyrethroid effects on schedule-controlled behavior: time and dosage
      relationships.
AB  - Pyrethroid insecticides have been divided into Types I and II based on behavioral
      profiles of toxicity produced by life-threatening dosages. In order to assess
      potential alterations in acquired (operant) behavior, acute dosage-effect and
      time-course determinations for permethrin (Type I) and cypermethrin (Type II)
      were made. Long-Evans rats responded for food according to a multiple schedule
      consisting of four different variable-interval schedules. Permethrin (100-400
      mg/kg) and cypermethrin (7.5-60 mg/kg) were administered PO 1.5 hr pre-session
      and their effects on response rates and between-component response patterning
      determined. Permethrin reduced responding in a manner which was independent of
      the baseline response rate, while the rate reductions following cypermethrin
      administration showed a dependence on the baseline levels of responding, with low
      response rates showing differential sensitivity to disruption. When select
      dosages of each compound were delivered at various pre-session times, onset of
      and recovery from the rate-decreasing effects were more rapid with cypermethrin,
      with rates returning to baseline levels by 12 hr post-dosing. Responding was
      maximally suppressed 24 hr after administration of permethrin and returned to
      baseline levels 48 hr after administration. The disruption of response patterning
      following cypermethrin was maximal at 1.5 hr after administration, with complete
      recovery 12 hr post-dosing. Differential effects on response patterning, in
      potency, and in the time-course of effects of permethrin and cypermethrin suggest
      a type-specificity for pyrethroid effects on schedule-controlled behavior at
      dosages far below those producing lethality in rats.

PMID- 3696111
TI  - The corporate transformation of medicine in Minnesota: the grand finale and the
      grand finesse.

PMID- 3696112
TI  - Gravity treatment of pseudo-obstruction of the colon.

PMID- 3696113
TI  - Infant mortality in sudden infant death syndrome families: the Minnesota
      experience.

PMID- 3696115
TI  - Two-step Mantoux testing in a Minnesota nursing home.

PMID- 3696114
TI  - Pregnancy in Hmong refugee women.

PMID- 3696116
TI  - Action plan to encourage union support for a smoke-free hospital.

PMID- 3696117
TI  - Federal study profiles malpractice experience.

PMID- 3696118
TI  - Quality in medicine--the view from the Hospital Corporation of America. An
      interview with Paul Batalden, M.D., HCA vice president for medical care (by
      Richard L. Reece).

PMID- 3696119
TI  - The view from the eye of Minnesota's health care hurricane. An interview with
      Walter McClure, Ph.D., president, Center for Health Policy Studies (by Richard L.
      Reece).

PMID- 3696120
TI  - Quality of care as a strategic objective in ambulatory care.

PMID- 3696121
TI  - Surveying patients in a medical practice. Where do I begin?

PMID- 3696122
TI  - The Health Care Quality Improvement Act of 1986. New benefits and burdens for
      physicians.

PMID- 3696123
TI  - The Northern Lakes Health Care Consortium quality assurance network.

PMID- 3696124
TI  - Quackery in arthritis.

PMID- 3696125
TI  - Clinical monitoring of the nursing home patient.

PMID- 3696126
TI  - System failures: a malpractice pitfall. MMIE Risk Management Committee.

PMID- 3696127
TI  - Bridging the gap.

PMID- 3696128
TI  - West meets East: maternity health care in the Peoples Republic of China.

PMID- 3696129
TI  - Premature infants' response to touch and pain: can nurses make a difference?

PMID- 3696130
TI  - Physiologic responses to cutaneous pain in neonates.

PMID- 3696131
TI  - Methylxanthines in the NICU.

PMID- 3696132
TI  - A comparison of the effects of heroin and cocaine abuse upon the neonate.

PMID- 3696133
TI  - Unilateral pulmonary hypoplasia/agenesis in the neonate: a case report.

PMID- 3696134
TI  - Nurses respond to ethical situations.

PMID- 3696135
TI  - [Application of monoclonal antibody to detect the red cell associated antigen
      LewisX and sialylated LewisX in the serum of cancer patient].
AB  - New monoclonal antibodies, CGAD2 and CSLEX1 detected their red cell associated
      antigens LewisX and sialylated LewisX in serum of cancer patients by reverse
      passive hemagglutination. With CGAD2, high titers were noted in 56% of the 27
      sera from lung adenocarcinoma patients. Of the total 105 sera from cancer
      patients, 39% showed a positive reaction. With CSLEX1, 48% of the 85 sera from
      lung adenocarcinoma and 26% of the 384 sera from various cancer patients showed a
      positive reaction. None of the sera from 80 healthy subjects reacted with this
      antibody. By testing with these two monoclonal antibodies, 70% of the 46 sera
      from lung cancer patients showed a positive reaction. Theoretically, LewisX and
      sialylated LewisX which are type 2 products of the red cell antigen might be more
      applicable as a tumor marker than type 1 products such as sialylated Lewisa (CA19
      9). Furthermore, LewisX could be a tumor marker in some cases whose levels of CEA
      were comparatively low. These CGAD2 and CSLEX1 monoclonal antibodies should be
      potentially useful reagents.

PMID- 3696136
TI  - [Hormone therapy as postoperative care in patients with differentiated thyroid
      cancer].
AB  - TSH suppression therapy has been performed for 150 patients as postoperative care
      for differentiated thyroid cancer. L-thyroxine (LT4) was given in a dose of 2.1
      4.8 micrograms/kg/day, per os. Serum thyroid hormone determinations were done
      after confirming that the drug had continually been taken for more than three
      months. Serum free T4 (FT4) values were elevated higher than the upper normal
      limits (1.9 ng/dl) in 127 of 150 cases (84.7%). In 100 cases of these, serum free
      T3 (FT3), reverse T3 (rT3) and TSH were estimated. In 98 cases (98%), serum FT3
      was within the normal limits (3-6 pg/ml) and no correlation was found between
      values of FT4 and FT3. These serum rT3 values, however, were elevated higher than
      the normal range (13-43 ng/dl) in 41 cases (41%) correlating with FT4 values.
      Serum TSH, FT4 and FT3 showed no correlation with given LT4 doses. There was no
      correlation between the serum TSH and FT3. However, some correlation (r = 
      0.4046) was found between serum TSH and rT3 values. From these results the
      following conclusions were obtained: i) There must be some auto-regulating
      mechanisms to keep the serum FT3 values at the normal level by promoting a de
      iodinating process from T4 to rT3 when serum T4 level increased, since rT3 has no
      hormone activity. ii) Administration of synthesized LT4 is safer and more
      adequately usable than synthesized L-triiodothyronine or desiccated thyroid, as
      the TSH suppression therapy, because the above mentioned autoregulating mechanism
      would take place.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3696137
TI  - [A tentative subgrouping of the stage IV gastric cancer based on their
      postoperative prognosis].
AB  - Out of 211 patients with the Stage IV gastric cancer who survived gastrectomy,
      105 died within one year (short-lived group) and 40 survived more than two years
      (long-lived group). The grades of the four factors, P, H, N and S, were compared
      between them. Combination of P0 and H0 was seen less often in the former group
      than in the latter (48% vs. 78%, p less than 0.005). While no patient with P3, H2
      3 or N4 could live more than two years. The year-by-year survival rates were
      calculated according to the grades of the four factors. The 1-year, 2-year, 3
      year and 4-year survival rates for the patients with both P0 and H0 were
      significantly higher than those of the remaining patients. The 1-year and 2-year
      survival rates for the patients with N0-3 significantly exceeded those of N4
      patients. Based on these findings, we finally proposed a new subgrouping of Stage
      IV:IVa [P0, H0, N3, S3] and IVb [P1-3, H1-3, N4]. At every year up to five, the
      survival rates for IVa significantly exceeded those of IVb. Another merit of this
      classification consists in that most cancer in IVa might be radically resected if
      we add the lymph nodes dissection of R3 and the combined resection of the invaded
      organs.

PMID- 3696138
TI  - [Quality of life after resection of the stomach].
AB  - The quality of life after operation was analyzed using a questionnaire from 283
      patients who received gastrectomy between 1972 and 1983 at Kobe University
      Hospital. Kruskal-Wallis analysis and Dunn's multiple comparison analysis were
      used to analyze multiple factors consisting of background, therapeutic and
      prognostic factors when the level of social activity is considered as the final
      evaluation. Categorical principle component analysis was used to examine the
      relationship among each factor and to verify the former results. The background
      factors played an important role for the outcome (i.e., longer survivors and/or
      patients with beign disease had better outcomes and patients over 60 years and/or
      with body weight less than 50kg had worse outcomes). In the analysis of
      therapeutic factors, it was suspected that suitable resection under suitable
      curability and/or suitable reconstruction method in the total resection of the
      stomach contributed to a better outcome. Also, therapeutic control of diarrhea
      after gastrectomy was suspected as being important among the many prognostic
      factors.

PMID- 3696139
TI  - [Angiographic diagnosis of venous invasion with reference to liver metastasis of
      carcinoma of the colon].
AB  - Angiography using Prostaglandin E1 was performed on thirty one cases with
      carcinoma of the colon in order to define the degree of venous invasion. Venous
      findings (occlusion and/or encasement) were classified into three groups: AG-V2,
      above mentioned venous findings up to marginal vein; AG-V1, these findings up to
      the vein of vasa recta; AG-V0, no distinct findings on the vein. 1) When
      angiographic findings were compared to histological findings of subserosal venous
      invasion, the results of AG-V2, AG-V1 and AG-V0 showed a positive correlation of
      91.7%, 46.2% and 16.7%, respectively. 2) The angiographic findings were also
      correlated with the degree of fibrosis around carcinoma of the colon. 3) The
      incidence rate of liver metastasis in a group of AG-V2 was 50%. In AG-V1 it was
      30.8% and in AG-V0 0%. 4) In the course of the postoperative follow-up, liver
      metastasis appeared in 2 cases of AG-V2 and AG-V1, respectively. The finding may
      suggest the existence of the liver metastases at the time of operation.

PMID- 3696140
TI  - [An experimental study on the pathophysiology of stenosis and occlusion in portal
      vein reconstruction in resection of cancer of the hepatic hilus].
AB  - An experimental study using mature mongrel dogs was performed to clarify the
      pathophysiology of stenosis and occlusion of portal vein reconstruction
      accompanied with hepatectomy. All the animals underwent partial (53%)
      hepatectomy. They were arbitrarily divided into three groups: Non-stenosis Group
      I with hepatectomy only, Stenosis Group II with partial '70%) stenosis of the
      portal vein, and Occlusion Group III with ligation of the portal vein. All cases
      of Group III died within about 122 minutes. The blood flow and pressure of the
      portal vein, portography, ICG Rmax and the residual liver weight were serially
      examined until the fourth week following the operation in Group I and Group II.
      Two principal results were derived: 1) In Group I, portal circulation was
      sufficiently restored and the residual liver showed adequate regeneration. 2) In
      Group II, hepatofugal collateral vessels developed. However, the portal pressure
      remained significantly high (p less than 0.002) and, the portal blood flow and
      liver tissue blood flow were markedly reduced (p less than 0.001) for 1 week
      after operation. The residual liver weight and liver function (ICG Rmax) were
      significantly decreased even in the fourth week. Recently, portal vein resection
      accompanied with hepatectomy has been accepted as a procedure for advanced
      carcinoma of the hepatic hilus. This study suggests that stenosis or occlusion of
      the portal vein should be avoided in the procedure.

PMID- 3696141
TI  - [Effect of pancreatic juice diversion on gastric acid and gut hormone secretion].
AB  - In an effort to clarify the effect of pancreatic juice diversion (PJD) on the
      gastric acid and gut hormone secretion, models of PJD and non-PJD were prepared
      in dogs with Heidenhain pouch (HP). Two types of operative procedures,
      pancreatico-jejunostomy with Roux-Y reconstruction as a PJD model (RY group), and
      pancreatico-jejuno-duodenostomy using interposed jejunum as a non-PJD model (INT
      group) were carried out. The results were obtained as follows. 1. Both endocrine
      and exocrine function of the pancreas were preserved by either procedure. 2.
      Gastric acid secretion from HP after test meal ingestion was significantly
      increased postoperatively in RY group and was not affected in INT group. 3.
      Postprandial secretion of gastrin was not affected by these operative procedures
      in both RY and INT group. Secretion of GIP was significantly suppressed in RY
      group and was not changed in INT group. Secretion of enteroglucagon was
      significantly increased in both groups. These results indicate that significant
      increase of postprandial gastric secretion as shown in RY group is conceivably
      based on the significant suppression of GIP secretion produced by PJD.

PMID- 3696142
TI  - [Postoperative complications of abdominal aortic aneurysm--with special reference
      to postoperative renal hypofunction].
AB  - Effects of various factors before and during operation on postoperative renal
      hypofunction were studied in 34 preoperatively evaluated surgical cases of non
      ruptured abdominal aneurysm. The cases were divided into two groups, with and
      without postoperative renal hypofunction. The two groups showed no differences
      with respect to age, sex, preoperative serum Crn or Ccr level, presence or
      absence of treatment with antihypertensives or diabetes mellitus, duration of
      intraoperative aortic clamping, or the volume of blood loss or transfusion.
      However, the group with postoperative renal hypofunction included many cases of
      preoperative hypertension. The incidence of postoperative renal hypofunction was
      high among cases which exhibited preoperative hypertension, but was low among
      those with preoperative normal blood pressure. Further, renal hypofunction
      occurred in few of the patients whose blood pressure had been controlled by the
      use of antihypertensives. The possibility was suggested that in palliative
      operations, preoperative blood pressure control, was useful for the prevention of
      postoperative renal hypofunction.

PMID- 3696143
TI  - [Quantitative study of platelet deposition on expanded polytetrafluoroethylene
      grafts using 111indium-labeled platelets].
AB  - The count of platelets deposited on expanded polytetrafluoroethylene grafts (2 cm
      long, 3 mm internal diameter, implanted into thoracic aortae of 59 rabbits) was
      measured using 111Indium-labeled autologous platelets. The changes due to the
      time courses after implantation, the effect of aspirin and the differences of the
      platelet deposition on the thrombus and thrombus free surface were studied. In
      non-treated grafts, platelet deposition on the thrombus free surface was
      significantly and repeatedly decreased on the 3rd (42.3 +/- 16.6 X 10(4)/mm2,
      mean +/- S.D.), 9th (17.7 +/- 5.3 X 10(4)/mm2), and 30th (6.8 +/- 3.2 X 10(4)
      mm2) days after the implantation (p less than 0.05). In treated grafts, platelet
      deposition on the thrombus free surface was significantly inhibited by aspirin on
      the 3rd day (20.5 +/- 8.4 X 10(4)/mm2) after implantation (p less than 0.03),
      while significant inhibition of platelet deposition by aspirin was not noted on
      the 9th (13.4 +/- 3.8 X 10(4)/mm2) and 30th (13.1 +/- 4.5 X 10(4)/mm2) days after
      the implantation. Platelet deposition on the thrombus was not inhibited by
      aspirin. (3600 +/- 2400 X 10(4)/mm2, non-treated grafts. 3500 +/- 520 X
      10(4)/mm2, treated grafts). It is concluded that administration of aspirin is
      necessary immediately after implantation, and its effect is not noted at the time
      when the deposition of the platelet decreased, and the effect of aspirin cannot
      be expected in tissues where easy platelet aggregation occurs.

PMID- 3696144
TI  - [A surgical case of aneurysm of the persistent sciatic artery].
AB  - Seventy two-year-old woman was admitted in September, 1985 to our hospital with
      complaints of painful mass in the right buttock and ischias. Aorto-peripheral
      arteriogram showed that enlarged right internal iliac and inferior gluteal
      arteries passed posteriorly to cross the right hip and down the posterior aspect
      of the femur to supply the popliteal artery. A saccular aneurysm was seen
      immediately posterior to the right femoral head. The femoral artery was small in
      size, but connecting to the popliteal artery. Delayed flow to the popliteal
      artery through the sciatic artery was noted in contrast to the femoral system.
      With Osborne's right buttock approach, the gluteus maximus muscle was divided in
      the direction of its fibers, exposing a 3.5 by 5 cm aneurysm which was located
      above, the sciatic nerve and adherent to it. The proximal sciatic artery and the
      trunk of the sciatic nerve passed beneath the piriformis muscle. The pressure of
      the dorsalis pedis artery decreased from 156/77 to 117/72 mmHg after ligation of
      the proximal sciatic artery. The aneurysm was dissected free from the sciatic
      nerve. Postoperatively she had no more gluteal discomfort, nor did she have any
      ischemic symptoms by walking.

PMID- 3696145
TI  - [A clinical study using hepatic vein catheterization on the mechanism for acute
      liver dysfunction following open heart surgery].

PMID- 3696146
TI  - [Heterotransplantation of human gastric carcinomas into nude mice--relationship
      between growth rates of transplanted tumors and prognosis of the patients].

PMID- 3696147
TI  - [Preoperative nutritional assessment and histochemical analysis of diaphragm in
      patients of esophageal cancer].

PMID- 3696148
TI  - [Surgical management of occlusive diseases of extracranial arteries].
AB  - In 4 years and 4 months (between Sept. 1981 and Dec. 1985) 257 vascular
      reconstructive operations were performed on 219 cases with an occlusive disease
      of the extracranial arteries at the Aggeralklinik in West Germany. Perioperative
      mortality was 0.78%. While in 2 cases out of 6 (33.3%), in which patchplasty was
      performed, patients suffered from perioperative neurological deficit, in 2 cases
      out of 251 (0.8%), in which thromboendarterectomy alone was performed, patients
      suffered from the same. This suggests that patchplasty may develop thrombus
      formation. Intraoperative thrombus formation in a shunt was observed in 2 cases
      out of 167 (1.2%). Postoperative restenosis was found in 11 cases (4.3%), in each
      case in carotid bifurcate lesions. Nine cases indicated intimal fibrosis
      histologically, namely early restenosis (within 18 months after operation), and
      the other 2 recurrent atherosclerosis, namely late restenosis (beyond the 18th
      month after operation). In the 6 cases of the former 9 reoperation by patchplasty
      was performed and in the latter 2 reoperation by thromboendarterectomy and
      patchplasty. No significant difference of restenotic rate could be observed
      between the cases in which patchplasty was performed and those in which
      thromboendarterectomy alone was performed (16.7% and 4.0%, respectively). Nor did
      the well-known risk factors of atherosclerosis have any significant relations
      with the restenotic rate. The future problems are (1) careful application of
      patchplasty, (2) careful use of a shunt (electroencephalographic monitoring is
      useful) and (3) explication of the way of recurrence and its prevention. At
      present, digital subtraction angiography may be useful for the early detection of
      postoperative restenosis.

PMID- 3696149
TI  - [A successful cross-over femorotibial bypass for severe ischemic leg of
      thromboangiitis obliterans].
AB  - A case of thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) successfully treated with a modified
      vascular reconstruction is reported. A 53 year-old man who had undergone lumber
      sympathectomy 9 years ago visited our hospital with complaints of rest pain and
      intractable ulcer at the right big toe. Preoperative angiography could not
      visualize distal arteries from the right common iliac artery and major amputation
      above knee was intended. Operative angiography, however, revealed collateral
      pathways from the posterior tibial artery to plantar arteries. Then, a long
      bypass from the left common femoral artery to the right posterior tibial artery
      was made using saphenous vein grafts of both extremities, 75 cm in length.
      Postoperatively, a solution containing urokinase, PGE1 and heparin was infused
      continuously for two months through a tube inserted into a branch of the graft.
      The pain disappeared and the ulcer healed. Now one year after the operation, the
      bypass graft is patent and the patient is fully rehabilitated. This experience
      indicates that some of ischemic legs with poor run off due to TAO can be salvaged
      by such modified vascular reconstruction and postoperative local PGE1 infusion
      therapy.

PMID- 3696150
TI  - [Relationship between galactose tolerance test and the hepatic energy charge in
      70% hepatectomized rabbits].

PMID- 3696151
TI  - [Cell kinetic analysis of gastric carcinomas using anti-bromodeoxyuridine
      monoclonal antibody and DNA ploidy].

PMID- 3696152
TI  - [Analysis of the growth fractions in colorectal cancer using monoclonal antibody
      Ki-67].

PMID- 3696153
TI  - [An effect of the aortic homograft for the superior vena caval valve].

PMID- 3696154
TI  - [Establishment of new animal model of the peritoneal metastasis].

PMID- 3696155
TI  - [Recent progress in surgery of pituitary adenoma].

PMID- 3696156
TI  - [Superselective transarterial embolisation of the hypogastric artery and it's
      branches in the management of unresectable intrapelvic malignant tumors with
      minor surgical procedures].
AB  - Three patients with recurrent uterine cancer, unresectable rectal cancer, and
      recurrent rectal cancer in the pelvis were treated by percutaneous superselective
      transarterial embolisation (TAE) of the hypogastric artery and it's branches with
      ethanol or gelatin sponge particles. TAE was performed for the control of life
      threatening hemorrhage, severe pain and the diminishing tumor's bulk. In addition
      to conservative cares, this TAE needed minor surgical procedures such as urinary
      diversion, colostomy and drainage of abdominal abscess just when urinary
      bladder's necrosis, rectosigmoidal necrosis and peritonitis would be expected
      before and after the TAE. One local hematoma in the site inserted catheter and
      right ischiadic nerve paralysis occurred by TAE. Two patients died on 6 days and
      2 months after TAE, respectively, however one patient is still alive one year
      after the TAE without the growth of tumours. As a result, this TAE with minor
      surgical procedures is expected as a suitable treatment for the improvement of
      the survival and quality of life in the patients with unresectable intrapelvic
      tumors.

PMID- 3696157
TI  - [Immunologic properties of primary culture of regenerating liver cells in mice].
AB  - The immunologic characteristics of primary cell culture of regenerating mouse
      liver cells is described. The DNA synthesis of regenerating liver cells isolated
      after 70% partial hepatectomy was found greater than that without partial
      hepatectomy. Increased level of stimulated DNA synthesis was noted on 3rd day
      post hepatectomy, with the highest levels noted on the 4th day. The level of 3H
      thymidine incorporation became apparent on day 3 of culture, reaching maximum on
      day 6 and gradually decreasing there after. Dexamethasone added to the medium
      increased the attachment rate of liver cells to the culture plate. Insulin and
      epidermal growth factor added to the medium did not result in any increased DNA
      synthesis of the liver cells at day 4 of the culture but manifested its effect at
      day 10. When various cells which were treated with mitomycin C were co-cultured
      with the liver cells, both normal and regenerating liver cells were suppressed by
      the addition of normal spleen cells. The degree of suppression was more marked in
      the culture with regenerating liver cells. When cultured with other immune
      competent cells, there was no significant difference between the two groups. This
      suggests that the suppressive activity of the immune competent cells on the
      cultured regenerating liver cells was not genetically determined.

PMID- 3696158
TI  - [Risk factors influencing the prognosis of severe aortic valve disease following
      aortic valve replacement].
AB  - As a result of improvement in intraoperative and postoperative management, severe
      aortic valve disease can be cured by operation, however, late cardiogenic sudden
      death after aortic valve replacement (AVR) has been existed as one of the
      important unsolved problem. This report is aimed to predict the risk factors
      influencing the postoperative prognosis of severe aortic valve disease. Twenty
      three cases with aortic regurgitation (AR) and 20 cases with aortic stenosis (AS)
      were selected by postoperative period over 12 months. In 18 AR cases with normal
      coronary artery substantiated by selective coronary angiography, cross sectional
      area index of left ventricular wall (CSAI) and ST depression in left chest leads
      of electrocardiogram correlated well as the CSAI increased, so decreased the ST
      segment. This shows the increment of CSAI leads left ventricular endocardial
      ischemia. By means of introduction of this indicator, 23 AR and 20 AS patients
      were divided into two groups as group C-I having CSAI over 20 cm2/m2 and group C
      II under 20 cm2/m2. Left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) was selected as an
      predictive indicator of left ventricular function. As same as CSAI, AVR cases
      were divided into two groups as group E-I having EF under 50% and E-II over 50%.
      Each group was compared concerning with the complication rate of postoperative
      low cardiac output syndrome (LOS) and late cardiogenic sudden death. In C-I group
      of AR, 55% cases accompanied with LOS, 18% died due to LOS and 18% died suddenly
      from late cardiogenic cause, however, none of cases in C-II group had these
      complications.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3696159
TI  - Calmodulin activates adenylate cyclase from rat anterior pituitary.
AB  - Bovine brain calmodulin activated adenylate cyclase in calmodulin-deficient rat
      anterior pituitary membranes. This activation appeared to be specific by the
      following criteria: 1) calmodulin activation was Ca2+ dependent and responded
      biphasically to calcium, displaying activation at low and inhibition at higher
      concentrations; 2) calmidazolium, a potent calmodulin antagonist, inhibited
      calmodulin activation of adenylate cyclase; 3) activation of the enzyme occurred
      in a dose-dependent manner, at calmodulin concentrations normally found in most
      cells (1- to 20-microM range). However, this response was not saturated using
      calmodulin concentrations as high as 50 microM. The data suggest that endogenous
      calmodulin can be dissociated from normal anterior pituitary adenylate cyclase,
      that the enzyme can be subsequently stimulated by addition of micromolar
      concentrations of calmodulin, and that this enzyme appears to be at least 50-fold
      less sensitive to calmodulin than is the brain adenylate cyclase.

PMID- 3696160
TI  - Effect of ethanol on intracellular ionized calcium concentrations in synaptosomes
      and hepatocytes.
AB  - The effect of ethanol on intracellular ionized calcium concentrations (Cai) was
      studied in synaptosomes isolated from mouse whole brain and in hepatocytes
      isolated from rat liver. The fluorescent calcium chelator, fura-2, was used to
      quantitate Cai. Incubation of synaptosomes with ethanol (350-700 mM) increased
      resting Cai and decreased the effectiveness of KCl to raise Cai in a
      concentration-dependent manner. Ethanol produced an initial rapid (less than 10
      sec) increase in resting Cai that remained elevated for at least 14 min in the
      presence of the drug. The increase in resting Cai was correlated with the
      inhibitory effect of ethanol on depolarization-induced increases in Cai. Resting
      Cai was dependent on the external calcium concentration (0-1 mM). However, the
      ethanol-induced increase in resting Cai (expressed as percent of control) did not
      differ in the presence of several extracellular calcium concentrations (0.01,
      0.1, and 1 mM). Incubation of synaptosomes in a Na-free buffer resulted in a
      higher resting Cai and slightly enhanced the effect of ethanol to increase
      resting Cai. In contrast to these results in brain tissue, ethanol (30-600 mM)
      did not alter resting Cai or vasopressin-stimulated increases in Cai in
      hepatocytes. Our results suggest that the anesthetic effects of alcohols may be
      mediated, in part, by increased resting Cai and by decreased calcium influx
      through voltage-sensitive calcium channels. In addition, our findings suggest
      possible mechanisms by which ethanol increases resting Cai in neuronal tissue.

PMID- 3696162
TI  - Lipid peroxide induced DNA damage: protection by turmeric (Curcuma longa).
AB  - Liposomal lipid peroxidation and peroxide induced DNA damage were investigated.
      Inhibition of lipid peroxidation was studied using 400 microM uric acid, beta
      carotene, alpha-tocopherol, curcumin and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA).
      Curcumin, the active principle of turmeric (Curcuma longa), was as effective an
      antioxidant as BHA. An aqueous extract of turmeric was also found to be an
      effective inhibitor. The inhibition obtained using this aqueous extract,
      incorporated into the liposome itself, was 70% at 300 ng/microliter. This
      indicates the presence of yet another antioxidant in turmeric besides the
      lipophilic curcumin. The aqueous antioxidant extended 80% protection to DNA
      against peroxidative injury at 100 ng/microliter. This component of turmeric is
      being characterised and investigated as an antioxidant/anticlastogen and as an
      antipromoter.

PMID- 3696161
TI  - Regulation of glycolytic enzyme RNA transcriptional rates by oxygen availability
      in skeletal muscle cells.
AB  - Cytoplasmic beta-actin and five glycolytic enzyme cDNAs were isolated from a rat
      skeletal muscle cDNA library and together with a genomic clone of rat cytochrome
      c were used as probes to quantitate the respective RNA transcription rates in
      isolated nuclei run off transcription assays from stationary cells cultured under
      normal or 2% oxygen. The transcription rates of lactate dehydrogenase, pyruvate
      kinase, triosephosphate isomerase and aldolase increased by 2-5 fold during the
      72 hr exposure to 2% oxygen. There was a small increase in actin RNA
      transcription while both cytochrome c and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase RNA transcription rates decreased. Since previous studies
      demonstrated an increase in steady state glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
      RNA during low O2 exposure it is concluded that the level of this RNA is
      regulated post transcriptionally whereas the other four glycolytic enzyme RNAs
      are regulated at least partially at the level of transcription by oxygen
      availability. The relative transcriptional rates of the RNAs in this study are
      related to their cellular RNA and protein concentrations.

PMID- 3696163
TI  - Ultrastructural and biochemical comparisons of nuclear matrices prepared by high
      salt or LIS extraction.
AB  - We have directly compared two independently published methods for isolating
      operationally defined nuclear matrices by studying EM ultrastructure, protein
      composition and distribution of replicating DNA. Nuclear matrices prepared by
      extraction with 2 M NaCl consisted of fibrous pore complex lamina, residual
      fibrillar and granular components of nucleoli and interchromatin granules, and an
      extensive anastomosing internal fibrous network. These matrices were enriched in
      high molecular weight nonhistone proteins but were virtually devoid of histones.
      Consistent with previously published data, newly-replicated DNA was resistant to
      this high salt extraction. Nuclear matrices prepared by extraction of nuclei with
      25 mM lithium 3,5-diiodosalicylate, LIS, also contained fibrous pore complex
      lamina, but lacked morphologically distinct residual nucleoli and were markedly
      depleted in internal structure. The reduced amounts and complexity of proteins
      associated with the LIS matrix were consistent with the ultrastructural data.
      Moreover, much less newly-replicated DNA was recovered in LIS matrices. The data
      show that LIS dissociates nuclear ultrastructure and extracts both protein and
      DNA in proportion to the concentration used, regardless of whether nuclei or high
      salt nuclear matrices are used as starting material. While the data suggest that
      LIS may not necessarily be an optimal reagent for preparing nuclear matrices
      containing internal structural elements from all tissue sources, it may be useful
      for selectively solubilizing and analyzing components of the nuclear matrix.

PMID- 3696164
TI  - The metabolism of deoxyguanosine in mitochondria. Characterization of the uptake
      process.
AB  - The uptake of deoxyguanosine by rat liver mitochondria was characterized. The
      process required an intact mitochondrial membrane and exhibited a dependence on
      added phosphate. Deoxyguanosine uptake was minimally influenced by Mg2+ or Mn2+,
      but Ca2+ at concentrations above 0.5 mM were detrimental. Of the deoxynucleosides
      tested, only deoxyinosine inhibited the uptake of deoxyguanosine. The
      ribonucleoside guanosine was not observed to compete with its deoxynucleoside
      analog. Known inhibitors of nucleoside transport, cytochalasin B and NBMPR, did
      not block deoxyguanosine uptake, but the sulfhydryl reagents NEM and pCMB were
      both inhibitory. The uptake of deoxyguanosine was shown to be a saturable process
      and an apparent Km of 0.64 microM was calculated from a Hanes plot.

PMID- 3696166
TI  - Production of monoclonal antibodies to calcitonin and development of a two-site
      enzyme immunoassay.
AB  - A procedure is described for the production of calcitonin-specific hybridomas
      which involves primary and secondary immunization of Balb/c mice in the hind
      footpads with free, synthetic human calcitonin and cell fusion of lymphocytes
      from popliteal lymphonodes with a P3 x 63 myeloma line. This protocol offers the
      following advantages: (a) it is short and easy to perform, (b) it requires small
      amounts of unconjugated antigen, and (c) it gives a high yield of antigen
      specific IgG-secreting hybridomas. Routine screening was carried out by ELISA on
      solid phase calcitonin and binding of the monoclonals to free antigen was studied
      with calcitonin linked to biotin through a 13 carbon atom spacer. Monoclonal
      couples capable of simultaneously binding calcitonin in solution were found by
      pairing in all possible combinations 25 purified antibodies, in their unlabelled
      and biotinylated form, in a checkerboard matrix experimental system. Of the over
      30 positive pairs identified, four were used in a one-step enzyme immunoassay for
      calcitonin determination on microtiter plates in a concn range between 0.1 and 5
      ng/ml. With the detecting monoclonal directly conjugated to peroxidase with a
      heterobifunctional crosslinker, the range of the assay with one monoclonal pair
      was between 25 and 1000 pg/ml with an 18 hr incubation at 4 degrees C.

PMID- 3696165
TI  - Characterization of anti-cerebroside sulfate antisera using a theoretical model
      to analyse liposome immune lysis data.
AB  - Antisera to the acidic glycolipid cerebroside sulfate (sulfogalactosyl ceramide)
      were raised in rabbits by several different methods. Reactivity with cerebroside
      sulfate was detected from complement-mediated lysis of liposomes composed of
      phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol/cerebroside sulfate and containing the spin label
      tempocholine chloride as a marker substance. Both cholesterol rich particles and
      lipid bilayer liposomes containing phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol were
      effective carriers for cerebroside sulfate, in combination with methylated bovine
      serum albumin for intravenous immunization, and with Freunds complete adjuvant
      for subcutaneous immunization. The antisera raised by the different methods were
      characterized with respect to their cross reactivity with other lipids and the
      relative concn of specific antibodies and their affinities for cerebroside
      sulfate using a theoretical model developed earlier [Vistnes A. I. (1984) J.
      Immun. Meth. 68, 251] for analysis of data from immune lysis of liposomes.
      Differences in these properties, both of which can affect antibody titer, could
      be detected for antisera raised by different methods and obtained at different
      times after immunization. Some of the antisera also reacted non-specifically to
      varying degrees with other anionic lipids indicating that the anti-cerebroside
      sulfate antibodies could bind non-specifically to anionic lipids by electrostatic
      interactions. This suggested that basic amino acid residues may be an important
      part of the antibody receptor binding site for the glycolipid head group. An
      important implication of this result is that antibodies raised against anionic
      glycolipids should be tested for non-specific binding to anionic phospholipids.

PMID- 3696167
TI  - The chemical structure of the C4d fragment of the human complement component C4.
AB  - The complete amino acid sequence of the C4d fragment (380 residues long) of the
      human complement component C4 is presented. Most of the sequence was determined
      by analysis of CNBr peptides and tryptic peptides obtained from S
      carboxymethylated protein. The sequence of the amino terminal 88 residues
      [Campbell R. D., Gagnon J. and Porter R. R. (1981) Biochem. J. 199, 359-370] and
      a 106 residue polymorphic segment of C4d [Chakravarti D. N., Campbell R. D. and
      Gagon J. (1983) FEBS Lett. 154, 387-390] was extended. Some overlaps not provided
      by the protein sequence analysis were obtained from the amino acid sequence
      predicted by the nucleotide sequence [Belt K. T., Carroll M. C. and Porter R. R.
      (1984) Cell 36, 907-914]. The present protein sequence data provide information
      for the isolation of all the CNBr and succinylated tryptic peptides of C4d. In
      addition to the polymorphism previously described, two other sets of polymorphic
      amino acid residues at positions 153 (Ile/Ser) and 154 (Gln/Ala) have been
      identified. The major site of glycosylation has been shown to be an asparagine
      residue located in the sequence -Asn-Val-Thr- in the carboxy terminal end of C4d.
      A remarkable difference in the predicted secondary structure of C4d arising from
      one set of four polymorphic residues in a stretch of six residues and another
      single polymorphic residue suggests a structural basis for the origin of the
      different chemical reactivities of the C4 isotypes (C4A and C4B) and their
      serological difference in the expression of Rodgers or Chido blood group
      antigens. Possible non-covalent membrane attachment sites have been suggested
      from the hydropathy profile. Comparison of the C4d sequence with human C3, C5 and
      alpha 2-macroglobulin revealed extended stretches of sequence similarity (between
      19 and 38% homology) with the corresponding regions of these proteins.

PMID- 3696169
TI  - Extracellular enzyme activities by Basidiobolus and Conidiobolus isolates on
      solid media.

PMID- 3696168
TI  - The effects of immunoglobulin isotype and antibody affinity on complement
      mediated inhibition of immune precipitation and solubilization.
AB  - We have studied complement-mediated prevention of precipitation (PIP) and
      solubilization of immune complexes (IC) formed with DNP19-BSA and murine
      monoclonal antibodies (MCAs) of different isotypes and affinities. PIP was
      effective for IC formed with IgG1 and IgM antibodies, but not for IgA MCA. For
      IgG1 MCAs, affinity appeared to exert a minor effect on PIP, and IC formed in
      antibody excess or at equivalence were retained in solution more readily than
      those formed in antigen excess. For IgM MCAs affinity and antigen-antibody ratio
      did not affect PIP. As PIP did not occur in Mg-EGTA, it was concluded that PIP
      was entirely classical pathway dependent. Solubilization of IC containing IgG1
      MCAs occurred more rapidly and to a greater extent with low affinity antibodies
      and an inverse relationship between affinity and the extent of solubilization was
      observed. Complexes formed with IgG1 MCAs were solubilized relatively poorly when
      formed in antigen excess. In contrast, affinity and antigen-antibody ratio did
      not influence the rate and extent of solubilization of IC containing IgM MCAs. IC
      formed with IgG2b were solubilized rapidly whereas those formed with IgG2a or IgA
      were solubilized poorly. The relative contributions of the classical and the
      alternative pathways to solubilization varied with each antibody and the effect
      of antigen-antibody ratio on these relative contributions was inconsistent.

PMID- 3696170
TI  - Evaluation of the Abbott Quantum II yeast identification system.

PMID- 3696171
TI  - [Effects of ketoconazole on the immune system. I. In vitro effects on lymphocyte
      functions].

PMID- 3696172
TI  - Fungal species isolated from skin and nail lesions of hands and feet of patients
      suspected of mycotic infection.

PMID- 3696173
TI  - Mycotic dermatitis in domestic fowl. A case report.

PMID- 3696174
TI  - A stage-specific sialoglycoprotein in encysting cells of Entamoeba invadens.
AB  - A novel sialoglycoprotein with an apparent molecular mass of approximately 250
      kDa was detected on the surface of cysts of Entamoeba invadens. Sialic acid was
      identified in this glycoprotein by gas chromatography after methanolysis; N
      acetyl- and N-glycolyl neuraminic acid were identified by thin layer
      chromatography in hydrolysates of partially purified preparations of the 250 kDa
      glycoprotein as well as in whole cysts. The sialoglycoprotein is stage-specific
      and could be detected by binding of wheat germ agglutinin and a specific
      monoclonal antibody (JAM3) only to precysts and mature cysts but not to
      trophozoites. A 250 kDa protein could be metabolically labeled with
      [35S]methionine. This, together with the absence of such a glycoprotein in the
      encystation medium, suggests that the 250 kDa sialoglycoprotein is not an
      adsorbed serum glycoprotein. Indirect evidence suggests that the parasite may
      utilize serum components as a source for sialic acid.

PMID- 3696175
TI  - Chitin in egg shells of Onchocerca gibsoni and Onchocerca volvulus.
AB  - Chemical analysis of adult females of Onchocerca gibsoni gave estimated chitin
      contents of 200-500 micrograms (g dry weight)-1. Egg shells from both O. gibsoni
      and Onchocerca volvulus stained with Calcofluor white and with fluorescent wheat
      germ agglutinin as shown by fluorescent light microscopy, and bound gold-labelled
      wheat germ agglutinin as shown by electron microscopy, under conditions specific
      for chitin. The egg shells appeared as single electron dense layers from 50 to 85
      nm in thickness. Purified chitinase digested these egg shells, leaving coiled
      microfilariae unattacked. We conclude that chitin is a major component of the egg
      shells.

PMID- 3696176
TI  - Culture form and tsetse fly midgut form procyclic Trypanosoma brucei express
      common proteins.
AB  - Proteins expressed by culture form and tsetse fly midgut form procyclic
      trypanosomes were examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic techniques.
      Analysis of the proteins of the two forms of procyclic organisms was performed by
      comparison of autoradiographs of high resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide
      gels prepared using [35S]methionine-labelled parasites. Only eight spots were
      found to differ between autoradiographs of culture form and tsetse fly midgut
      form parasites. Seven of these differences were attributable to 35S-labelled non
      trypanosomal proteins from the tsetse midgut. The other single spot difference
      was seen in one of two experiments and was present only in the autoradiograph of
      the material from trypanosome-infected tsetse fly midgut. Thus the cultivated
      procyclic organisms did not differ significantly from their tsetse-derived
      counterparts in protein composition and therefore their use as models for the
      natural stage is probably justified for most studies.

PMID- 3696177
TI  - Pulsatile secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin in normal adults.
AB  - We used very sensitive and specific monoclonal-antibody sandwich assays for human
      chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and human luteinizing hormone (hLH) to measure both
      hormones in serum samples from normal men and women. When single serum samples
      from 92 men were studied, 73 percent had detectable hCG. In normal men, the
      amount of detectable hCG averaged 8.9 pg per milliliter, with a range of less
      than 3.0 to 160 pg per milliliter (biologic potency = 13,450 IU per milligram).
      In postmenopausal women the hCG level averaged 111 pg per milliliter and ranged
      from 32 to 510. In women of reproductive age the hCG level varied with the
      menstrual cycle. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone administered to 10 normal men
      increased both hCG and hLH. When daily serum samples were studied throughout a
      normal menstrual cycle, hCG concentrations paralleled those of hLH; follicular
      phase concentrations were higher than those of the luteal phase, and there was a
      midcycle ovulatory peak of hCG coincident with the hLH peak. When hCG was
      measured every 10 minutes for six hours in eight postmenopausal women, distinct
      pulses were detected in parallel with those of hLH: hLH pulsed at a mean (+/-
      SEM) frequency of 0.56 +/- 0.08 pulses per hour; hCG pulsed at 0.54 +/- 0.07
      pulses per hour. The mean pulse durations were 89 +/- 22 and 56 +/- 20 minutes
      for hLH and hCG, respectively. We conclude that hCG is produced in a pulsatile
      fashion, probably by the pituitary, in all normal adults.

PMID- 3696178
TI  - Carcinoid tumor of the appendix: treatment and prognosis.
AB  - In a long-term study of 150 unselected patients with carcinoid tumors of the
      appendix, we found that the neoplasms were usually less than 1.0 cm in largest
      dimension and discovered as an incidental finding during surgery performed for
      other reasons. Metastases were observed with none of the 127 appendiceal
      carcinoids less than 2.0 cm in largest dimension, with 3 of the 14 lesions
      greater than or equal to 2.0 cm but less than 3.0 cm in greatest dimension, and
      with 4 of the 9 lesions greater than or equal to 3.0 cm. Paradoxically, the
      patients with the larger tumors and metastases were younger than those with
      smaller and clinically benign tumors. The median age of patients with tumors
      greater than or equal to 2.0 cm was 31 years and that of those with metastases
      was 29 years, as compared with a median age of 42 years in patients with
      nonmetastasizing tumors less than 2.0 cm. We conclude that simple appendectomy is
      adequate treatment for patients with apparently localized tumors less than 2.0 cm
      in largest dimension. We have not observed any recurrences or metastases among
      122 such patients followed for a median time of more than 26 years. Simple
      appendectomy is probably also appropriate treatment for lesions greater than or
      equal to 2.0 cm in elderly patients or in those at high operative risk. Right
      hemicolectomy seems justified only in young patients with tumors greater than or
      equal to 2.0 cm who have a low risk of operative morbidity or mortality. Vascular
      involvement and invasion of the mesoappendix are features that may favor a more
      radical approach.

PMID- 3696179
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 53-1987. A 55-year-old woman with one year of malabsorption and
      the recent development of abdominal pain.

PMID- 3696180
TI  - Toward full disclosure of referral restrictions and financial incentives by
      prepaid health plans.

PMID- 3696181
TI  - Dipyridamole.

PMID- 3696182
TI  - Advertisement for dipyridamole.

PMID- 3696183
TI  - Concurrent morning increase in platelet aggregability and the risk of myocardial
      infarction and sudden cardiac death.

PMID- 3696184
TI  - Peripheral vision in dyslexia.

PMID- 3696185
TI  - Selective hypoaldosteronism and impairment of angiotensin II production.

PMID- 3696186
TI  - Xanthelasma palpebrarum and corneal arcus in octogenarians.

PMID- 3696187
TI  - Financial incentives for physicians in HMOs. Is there a conflict of interest?
AB  - Do financial incentives used by health maintenance organizations (HMOs) to
      restrain the use of health care resources represent a conflict of interest
      between physicians' concern about their income and their concern about patients?
      To explore the contractual obligations of primary care physicians in HMOs, I
      mailed a survey to all 595 HMOs known to be in operation as of June 1986. In all,
      302 of 595 HMOs (51 percent) responded. Sixty-seven percent of plans with
      capitation-based arrangements and 82 percent of plans with fee-for-service
      arrangements withhold a percentage of their physicians' income against potential
      deficits, but only 21 percent of plans with salaried physicians do so. Thirty
      percent of HMOs have other penalties in addition to this withholding. Eighteen
      percent of HMOs base the return of the withheld amount on the experience of
      individual physicians rather than on the collective experience of a group of
      physicians. For-profit HMOs are less likely to use salary-based payment, more
      likely to withhold a percentage of income, and more likely to base the return of
      this withheld amount on the experience of individual physicians. Most HMOs have
      mechanisms for sharing surpluses with participating physicians. I conclude that
      contractual arrangements in HMOs vary widely. Certain financial incentives,
      especially when used in combination, suggest conflicts of interest that may
      influence physicians' behavior and adversely affect the quality of care.

PMID- 3696189
TI  - Infection of the human orbit by Aspergillus stromatoides.

PMID- 3696188
TI  - Mycoflora and trichothecene toxins of paddy grains from Egypt.
AB  - 120 species and 38 genera were collected from 64 samples of paddy grains on
      glucose- and cellulose-Czapek's agar at 28 degrees C. The total count of
      glycophilic and cellulose-decomposing fungi fluctuated between 216-29760; and 124
      11320 colonies/g paddy grains on the two media, respectively. On glucose agar,
      the most common species were Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. sydowi, A. terreus,
      A. fumigatus, A. ochraceus, Penicillium chrysogenum, P. corylophilum, Fusarium
      oxysporum, Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Trichoderma viride
      and Mucor racemosus. On cellulose agar with pH 5.5 & 8.0, the most prevalent
      fungi were Stachybotrys chartarum, S. bisybi, Aspergillus niger, A. flavus,
      Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria alternata, Drechslera sativus and Acremonium
      strictum. Extracts from 64 paddy samples were tested against brine shrimp larvae
      (Artemis salina). Of these 9 displayed varying degrees of toxicity. Trichothecene
      toxins were detected in the extracts of three paddy samples only.
      Diacetoxyscirpenol and T-2 toxin were detected in two samples and only T-2 toxin
      in the other.

PMID- 3696190
TI  - CMI descriptions of pathogenic fungi and bacteria No. 930. Cylindrocarpon
      vaginae.

PMID- 3696191
TI  - Dimorphism of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis: morphogenesis of the mould to yeast
      phase.
AB  - The dimorphism of Scopulariopsis brevicaulus was induced in malt agar (Oxoid), at
      37 degrees C and 5-10% rate of CO2. Six cultures of S. brevicaulus were converted
      from hyphae to yeast-like cells by the following processes: One was that the
      hyphae formed intercalar and terminal chlamydoconidia-like cells. These cells
      increased in size, gained double contour and gave rise to budding cells. The
      other process was via conidia that assumed yeast characteristics. So, a
      transformation cycle M----Y was proposed. The yeast-like form presented slow
      reversion to the mould phase, standing, many times, in transition forms. A high
      concentration of sugars, peptone, temperature of cultivation of 37 degrees C and
      5-10% rate of CO2 seem to be favourable factors for the maintenance of the yeast
      phase. Ethanol, E.D.T.A., potassium nitrate, temperature of 25 degrees C and
      aerobiosis are considered favourable factors to conversion of the mould phase.

PMID- 3696192
TI  - Effect of miconazole on growth and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus
      parasiticus.
AB  - At 5 microM, miconazole prevented the growth of Aspergillus parasiticus Speare in
      a number of media. Sensitivity to miconazole was increased approximately 10-fold
      in a medium containing glycerol. At sub-inhibitory concentrations, miconazole
      stimulated aflatoxin synthesis on media which normally support toxin formation.
      Miconazole inhibited respiration and altered mitochondrial ultrastructure,
      suggesting that miconazole inhibits growth and stimulates aflatoxin production by
      depressing mitochondrial activity.

PMID- 3696194
TI  - CMI descriptions of pathogenic fungi and bacteria No. 931. Acremonium acutatum.

PMID- 3696193
TI  - Experimental central nervous system phaeohyphomycosis following intranasal
      inoculation of Xylohypha bantiana in cortisone-treated mice.
AB  - Experimental central nervous system (CNS) phaeohyphomycosis was established in
      cortisone-treated mice following intranasal exposure to conidia of Xylohypha
      bantiana (Cladosporium bantianum, C. trichoides). X. bantiana was recovered from
      the lungs of 78% of intranasally inoculated normal mice sacrificed within the
      first 3 days of infection and from 15% at day 28. The fungus was not recovered
      from the brains of normal mice. In contrast, X. bantiana was recovered from only
      33% of the lungs of cortisone-treated mice within the first 3 days of infection.
      However, the fungus was recovered from the brain of 11% of cortisone-treated mice
      sacrificed or dying over a 28 day period. Histologically and temporally the CNS
      disease in cortisone-treated, intranasally inoculated mice was consistent with
      hematogenous dissemination from a primary pulmonary focus.

PMID- 3696195
TI  - CMI descriptions of pathogenic fungi and bacteria No. 934. Acremonium falciforme.

PMID- 3696197
TI  - Kinetic description of proteolysis. Part 4. Hydrolysis kinetics of partial
      protein hydrolysates.
AB  - This report presents experimental data on kinetics of casein hydrolysate
      hydrolysis. The experiments were interpreted in the framework of a theory
      reported, which is guided by an experimentally measurable value--a total molar
      concentration of all peptides and amino acids (total amino nitrogen). The total
      amino nitrogen N was determined by photometry of N-trinitrophenyl (N-TNP)
      derivatives obtained by means of trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS). Unlike the
      procedures reported previously, we stopped the proteolysis reaction by boiling,
      and performed the trinitrophenylation in a 20% V. aqueous solution of MeCN.

PMID- 3696196
TI  - Total mercury and its distribution in blue crab and deep water pink shrimp from
      Alexandria coast.
AB  - Total mercury content and its distribution in muscles and viscera of male and
      female blue crab (Callinectes sapidus Rothbum) and deep water pink shrimp
      (Parapenacus longirostris) collected from the 3 main fishing grounds near the
      Alexandria coast in the Mediterranean sea was estimated. The results indicate
      that the mercury content in the muscles of both species differ according to
      fishing areas, size, sex, and species. More than 75% of total mercury were
      accumulated in the viscera of both species which indicates that the mercury
      entered in these organisms via the feed chain.

PMID- 3696198
TI  - [Quantitative determination of the protein content of milk by ultraviolet
      spectrophotometry. 3. The protein content of whole milk].
AB  - It is possible to determine the protein content of unskimmed milk after dilution
      with a detergent solution by measuring of absorbance at 210 and 220 nm. If milk
      samples are not elder than 36 h the difference A210-A220 shows a high correlation
      to the values of Kjeldahl nitrogen analysis (r = 0.97). Similar coincidence was
      found to the values of absorbance measurements in skimmed milk (A210: r = 0.98;
      A235-A280: r = 0.96). With decreasing age of unskimmed milk samples the
      coincidence diminished. Absorbance data measured at 210, 215, 220, 225, 235 and
      280 nm as well as the differences A215-A225 and A235-A280 do not much agree with
      analogous results from skimmed milk. Elderly creamed milk samples allow the
      determination of protein content from milk plasma. It could be proved by Kjeldahl
      nitrogen analysis, that differences in the nitrogen content of unskimmed and
      skimmed milk depend on the nitrogen-loss during centrifugation, on the protein
      content and the protein-fat-ratio.

PMID- 3696199
TI  - [Quantitative determination of the protein content of milk by ultraviolet
      spectrophotometry. 3. Determination of proteins in preserved milk samples].
AB  - It is reported upon the results of the quantitative estimation of protein content
      from preserved milk by means of ultraviolet spectrophotometry. In addition to the
      preservation by boric acid, bronopol, copper sulphate, potassium dichromate and
      ammonium peroxodisulphate storage at temperatures below 0 degrees C and freeze
      drying were tested. Besides bronopol and copper sulphate especially physical
      preservation methods proves fit for the protein estimation by measurements of
      absorbance at 210 nm, 235 and 280 nm or 210 and 220 nm. It is recommended to use
      solutions and filters of quartz with evaluated absorbance in daily calibrating of
      the spectrophotometer.

PMID- 3696200
TI  - On the viscosity behaviour of field bean protein isolates in dependence on their
      degree of acetylation.
AB  - The increase of apparent viscosity when protein concentration is raised becomes
      more and more distinctly pronounced with an increasing degree of acetylation and
      is displaced at lower protein concentrations. Investigations of the influence of
      temperature on viscosity behaviour are therefore carried out on the basis of
      comparable initial viscosity. 20 min heat treatment at different temperatures
      shows that above 40 degrees C the order of magnitude of the temperature-induced
      increase in viscosity depends decisively on the degree of acetylation. With an
      increasing degree of acetylation there is a comparably stronger increase in
      viscosity. An increase of viscosity is also linked to increasing duration of the
      heat treatment. The higher the degree of acetylation, the greater--related to a
      defined duration of heat treatment--is the growth of viscosity. During the
      heating phase in cyclical temperature tests a viscosity maximum is formed at 60
      degrees C, which becomes more and more distinctly pronounced with an increasing
      degree of acetylation. From computerised evaluation of flow curves it is
      generally established that the complexity of flow properties increases with
      increasing degree of acetylation, increasing concentration of protein and the
      effect of heat.

PMID- 3696201
TI  - A new possibility of wheat protein content determination.
AB  - The possibility of white-grained wheat protein content determination with Lowry
      method directly in sample is investigated. Method is adapted to the substratum
      and outfit which is used in laboratories for food analyses. Proposed procedure
      makes it possible to determine protein content in small weight of sample (cca 20
      mg). Statistical analysis show that this simple, inexpensive, easily to perform
      photometric method can be used as a good substitution for Kjeldahl method.

PMID- 3696202
TI  - [Gas chromatographic determination of amitraz residues in bee honey].

PMID- 3696203
TI  - New angles on an old problem.

PMID- 3696204
TI  - Improved productivity in the operating department--a challenge to management and
      designers alike.

PMID- 3696205
TI  - Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever--my story.

PMID- 3696206
TI  - [Professional status: inherited or acquired?].

PMID- 3696207
TI  - Diathermy burns.

PMID- 3696208
TI  - Nipple problems in breastfeeding.

PMID- 3696209
TI  - [Weaning].

PMID- 3696210
TI  - Support networks for breastfeeding mothers.

PMID- 3696211
TI  - Incontinence: now you're paralyzed.

PMID- 3696212
TI  - [Speech therapy in nursing].

PMID- 3696213
TI  - Nursing and health services in the Far East.

PMID- 3696214
TI  - Breastfeeding--a national priority.

PMID- 3696215
TI  - [Task analysis (4). Utilization and benefits].

PMID- 3696216
TI  - Interpersonal skills for tutors.

PMID- 3696217
TI  - Why promote breastfeeding?

PMID- 3696218
TI  - The SA Code of Ethics for the marketing of breast-milk substitutes.

PMID- 3696219
TI  - Open versus closed glove changing.

PMID- 3696220
TI  - Staffing of operating theatres--role of the nurse.

PMID- 3696221
TI  - Is microsurgery so different?

PMID- 3696222
TI  - "So, you want to be a stone lighter?" The treatment of upper tract urinary stones
      by extra corporeal shock-wave lithotripsy.

PMID- 3696224
TI  - Watertight: nursing care study of a patient with a vesico-vaginal fistula.

PMID- 3696223
TI  - Starch granuloma: the problems caused by surgical glove powder.

PMID- 3696225
TI  - A damp nightmare: the management of vesico-vaginal fistulae in Africa.

PMID- 3696226
TI  - Privatization for NIH?

PMID- 3696227
TI  - Vienna to gain biology centre.

PMID- 3696228
TI  - AIDS: incubation or latency?

PMID- 3696229
TI  - Genome mapping.

PMID- 3696230
TI  - Leprosy vaccine.

PMID- 3696231
TI  - Complex cardiac rhythms.

PMID- 3696232
TI  - Pharmacology. 5-HT3 receptors in the brain?

PMID- 3696233
TI  - Translational control. Developments in development.

PMID- 3696234
TI  - AIDS incubation period in male haemophiliacs.

PMID- 3696236
TI  - Lead and children.

PMID- 3696235
TI  - HIV vaccination and blood transfusion.

PMID- 3696237
TI  - Radiation hazards on space missions.

PMID- 3696238
TI  - Identification and distribution of 5-HT3 receptors in rat brain using radioligand
      binding.
AB  - Functional serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) receptors have been divided into
      three subtypes: 5-HT1-like, 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 (ref. 1). Brain binding sites have
      been identified for both the 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 subtypes. Receptors of the 5-HT3
      type have been characterized on isolated peripheral tissue models such as the rat
      vagus nerve, guinea-pig ileum and isolated rabbit heart. Using these models,
      selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists such as MDL 72222 (ref. 5), ICS 205-930
      (ref. 6), GR38032F (ref. 7) and BRL 43694 (ref. 8) have been developed. Recently,
      GR38032F, MDL 72222 and ICS 205-930 have been shown to have behavioural effects
      in rodents and primates that undoubtedly reflect an action in the central nervous
      system (refs 9-11 and unpublished observations), suggesting the existence of 5
      HT3 receptors in the brain. Here we report direct evidence for the existence of 5
      HT3 receptors in rat brain tissue and their distribution, based on high affinity
      binding of the potent 5-HT3 receptor antagonist 3H-GR65630 to homogenates of rat
      entorhinal cortex. Selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists and agonists inhibited
      binding of 3H-GR65630 with high affinities which correlated well with their
      actions on the rat isolated vagus nerve. Binding was differentially distributed
      throughout the brain with high concentrations in cortical and limbic areas.

PMID- 3696239
TI  - Non-linear dynamics of cardiac excitation and impulse propagation.
AB  - Extremely complex frequency-dependent patterns of excitation and impulse
      propagation can be shown in cardiac tissues. Such complex behaviour can be
      analysed using methods derived from chaos theory, which is concerned with the non
      linear dynamics of deterministic systems that have irregular periodicities as
      well as an exquisite sensitivity to the initial conditions. We report here that
      the general response patterns of non-oscillatory cardiac conducting tissues, when
      driven rhythmically by repetitive stimuli from their surroundings, are similar to
      those of other deterministic systems showing chaotic dynamics. Such patterns
      include phase locking, period-doubling bifurcation and irregular activity. We
      have used electrophysiological techniques and analytical arguments to explain
      this unforeseen behaviour and to provide some key information about its
      mechanisms. The study of these dynamics is of general application to the
      understanding of disordered phenomena in excitable media, and may provide new
      insight about the origin of fatal cardiac arrhythmias.

PMID- 3696240
TI  - Importance of FSH-releasing protein and inhibin in erythrodifferentiation.
AB  - Inhibin is a hypophysiotropic hormone which selectively suppresses the secretion
      of pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone. It has been isolated from gonadal
      fluids and characterized as a protein heterodimer consisting of an alpha subunit
      and one of two beta subunits (beta A or beta B). FSH-releasing protein (FRP),
      also named activin, is a dimer consisting of two inhibin beta-chains. A factor
      from conditioned medium of a leukaemia cell line has been isolated which can
      induce mouse Friend cells to become benzidine-positive, and which shares a
      similar N-terminal sequence with porcine FRP. In this report, we find that FRP
      and inhibin modulate both the induction of haemoglobin accumulation in a human
      erythroleukaemic cell line, K562, and the proliferation of erythroid progenitor
      cells in human bone marrow culture. These two proteins could constitute a novel
      humoral regulatory control of erythropoiesis which would involve two types of
      related protein dimers with functionally opposite effects.

PMID- 3696242
TI  - Not just another nursing shortage.

PMID- 3696241
TI  - Hospital knows best?

PMID- 3696243
TI  - Shared governance and new organizational models.

PMID- 3696244
TI  - Value differences between practicing nurse executives and graduate educators.

PMID- 3696245
TI  - Tuning in to the growth needs of registered nurses.

PMID- 3696246
TI  - Forecasting demand for hospital services in an unstable environment.

PMID- 3696247
TI  - Health-care provider liability--traditional principles.

PMID- 3696248
TI  - [Heredity in ophthalmology].

PMID- 3696249
TI  - [Early diagnosis of vision disorders in the young child].

PMID- 3696250
TI  - [Dyslexia: a learning disorder not caused by eye anomalies].

PMID- 3696251
TI  - [Ophthalmological examination requirements].

PMID- 3696252
TI  - [Why eyeglasses, what kind of glasses or no eyeglasses at all?].

PMID- 3696253
TI  - [Influence of existing eye disorders on the practice of one's profession and
      leisure activities; epidemiology and prevention of accidents].

PMID- 3696254
TI  - [Acute injuries in ophthalmology].

PMID- 3696255
TI  - [Alarming symptoms in ophthalmology].

PMID- 3696256
TI  - [The red eye; diagnosis and treatment of conjunctivitis].

PMID- 3696257
TI  - [Side effects of drugs in ophthalmology].

PMID- 3696258
TI  - [Exophthalmos].

PMID- 3696259
TI  - [The visually handicapped patient].

PMID- 3696260
TI  - [Various results of a survey on assistance to the vision-impaired and the blind
      by ophthalmologists].

PMID- 3696261
TI  - [The approach to the visually-handicapped patient].

PMID- 3696263
TI  - [Disturbed lactose absorption in Rotterdam school children of various ethnic
      groups].

PMID- 3696262
TI  - [Care of the blind and vision-impaired].

PMID- 3696264
TI  - [Chronic artificial ventilation; the end?].

PMID- 3696266
TI  - [Chronic artificial ventilation in The Netherlands].

PMID- 3696265
TI  - [Hormonal contraceptives].

PMID- 3696267
TI  - [Pain treatment in hospitalized children].

PMID- 3696268
TI  - [Chronic artificial ventilation from now till 1990].

PMID- 3696270
TI  - [An unusual form of infectious mononucleosis].

PMID- 3696269
TI  - [Comparison of transdermal and subcutaneous administration of estradiol in the
      treatment of climacteric symptoms].

PMID- 3696271
TI  - [Acupuncture as therapy; facts and perspectives].

PMID- 3696273
TI  - [Current viewpoints in the pathogenesis and therapy of peptic ulcer].

PMID- 3696272
TI  - [Smoking and pregnancy, a neglected health problem].

PMID- 3696274
TI  - [Retrograde endotracheal intubation using a catheter].

PMID- 3696275
TI  - [Treatment of childhood asthma].

PMID- 3696276
TI  - [Thrombosis of mechanical heart valve prosthesis].

PMID- 3696277
TI  - [Munchausen syndrome].

PMID- 3696278
TI  - [Refraction surgery in The Netherlands, specifically radial keratotomy].

PMID- 3696279
TI  - [Methotrexate: from sword to ploughshare?].

PMID- 3696280
TI  - [Developments in the treatment of calculi].

PMID- 3696281
TI  - [Methotrexate in the treatment of psoriasis].

PMID- 3696282
TI  - [Periodic examination of patients with diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 3696283
TI  - [Comparison of the usual thyroid function tests with more recent TSH tests in
      patients with non-thyroid related diseases].

PMID- 3696284
TI  - [Acute bone marrow suppression with low-dosage methotrexate].

PMID- 3696286
TI  - [European Society for Medical Philosophy].

PMID- 3696285
TI  - [Management following diagnosis of Munchausen syndrome by proxy].

PMID- 3696287
TI  - [The philosophy of medicine. An introduction].

PMID- 3696288
TI  - [Gastroesophageal reflux disease--reflux esophagitis].

PMID- 3696289
TI  - [Ophthalmologic examination in patients with diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 3696290
TI  - [Maternal mortality in The Netherlands and in various other West European
      countries].

PMID- 3696291
TI  - [Primary tumors of the lung in patients with squamous cell carcinoma in the head
      neck area: a challenge].

PMID- 3696292
TI  - The scope of nursing practice.

PMID- 3696293
TI  - Management of the sexual assault victim.

PMID- 3696294
TI  - Arteriovenous malformation of the brain.

PMID- 3696295
TI  - Newborn with macrocephaly.

PMID- 3696296
TI  - A simple and sensitive method to measure radiolabeled antibody uptake by tumors
      in nude mice.
AB  - A method for detecting the uptake of 125I-labeled monoclonal antibody by human
      tumors xenografted into nude mice is described. After implantation of the tumor
      intramuscularly in one of the forelimbs, radioactivity was measured in the area
      of tumor inoculation and in the contralateral normal forelimb. For these
      measurements, a lead apparatus was constructed which shielded over 99% of the
      whole body radioactivity and permitted efficient counting of 125I in the exposed
      portion of each forelimb. For each tumor an uptake ratio (UR) was calculated for
      the radioactivity in the tumor compared to muscle. With this shield apparatus,
      reproducible, sensitive and relatively rapid determinations of UR values can be
      obtained. Antibody localization can be detected in some tumors which are
      nonpalpable or very small and for tumors of up to 2 cm3 in volume. Whole-body
      radioactivity ranging from less than 0.037 MBq to higher levels suitable for
      radioimmunoscintigraphy could be utilized in this procedure.

PMID- 3696297
TI  - High yield of micronuclei and micronuclei premature chromosome condensation in a
      mouse tumor cell line cultured in vivo with prearrested mitotic metaphases.
AB  - It is generally argued that micronuclei and micronuclei premature chromosome
      condensation (MN PCC) in stable cell lines occur only after treatment with potent
      clastogens, mutagens or carcinogens. In the present paper we report on the
      occurrence of micronuclei and MN PCC (predominantly of S type) at a high
      frequency in a mixed in vivo culture of prearrested mitotic metaphases with an
      asynchronous population of mouse ascites tumor cells (S180) without the aid of
      any clastogen, mutagen or carcinogen.

PMID- 3696298
TI  - Establishment of a tumor cell line and its use for an agar-free colony-forming
      assay.
AB  - The establishment of a spontaneously transformed tumorigenic human fibrosarcoma
      line derived from the ovary of a breast cancer patient (NO-15) is described. This
      tumor cell line has been characterized by tumor growth in nude mice. The cells
      form colonies without the usually recommended agar technique and are sensitive to
      cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (cis-DDP), daunorubicin (DR) and bleomycin
      (BLM), three well-known chemotherapeutic agents. The cells were incubated in the
      presence of drugs using three different methods. These agents proved to be
      noncytotoxic to monolayers treated for three hours. Conversely dose-dependent
      cytotoxicity was seen in suspension cultures treated for three hours. Optimal
      correlation between the three methods for the evaluation of cytotoxicity was seen
      in monolayers exposed to these agents for 24 hours. The results of three
      different methods to evaluate drug efficacy (number of colonies, growth rate and
      3H-thymidine incorporation) were in good correlation. The incorporation of the
      radiolabeled tracer into cellular DNA is advantageous for its rapidity and
      quantitative reproducibility.

PMID- 3696299
TI  - Population changes of human somatic cells in culture during short-term treatment
      with drugs.
AB  - The human somatic cell line VUPT was treated with 8-azaguanine or 5-bromo-2'
      deoxyuridine for a week, then the drug was removed and cultivation continued in a
      standard medium. During or after the exposure to the drug various population
      parameters, such as morphological variability, frequency of multinuclear cells,
      total mitotic index, index of atypical mitoses, dispersion of chromosomal counts
      were evaluated. Increase in both morphological and karyological variability
      during the treatment with drugs was found but this increase was temporary and
      during one or two weeks of cultivation in a standard medium the initial
      phenotypic equilibrium of the population was restored. The meaning of such
      population changes is discussed.

PMID- 3696300
TI  - Possible prognostic significance of the assessment of dipeptidylpeptidase II in
      peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - In 115 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), grouped according to the
      staging system as proposed by Rai et al., dipeptidylpeptidase II (DPP II)
      reaction was carried out in smears of peripheral blood using Lys-Pro-MNA and Lys
      Ala-MNA as substrates and Fast Blue B (FBB) as the coupling agent in cacodylate
      buffer, pH 5.5. In patients with stable disease a significantly lower number of
      DPP II positive lymphocytes was found. On the other hand, a high number of DPP II
      positive lymphocytes indicated a progressive disease. Lys-Ala-MNA proved to be a
      better substrate for these purposes. When comparing these results with the stage
      of the disease proposed by Rai et al., a good correlation was found for Stages 0,
      I and II. However, in the Stages III, and particularly in the Stage IV, there was
      a wide range of DPP II values, although the average value calculated from the
      data of all patients of this group was high. Patients with low DPP II values had
      usually a stable disease in spite of thrombocytopenia which precluded them from
      allocation to Stage IV. It is concluded that the assessment of the number of DPP
      II positive lymphocytes represents a simple and reliable prognostic criteria in
      patients with B type CLL.

PMID- 3696301
TI  - Factors associated with prognosis in human breast cancer. VII. A comparison
      between a Cuban and a Swedish study.
AB  - Prognosis in human breast cancer is important since therapeutic plans can be
      adjusted to individual probability of relapse. Comparative studies are not very
      frequent in literature. Prognostic factors are not assessed in the same way in
      different countries, thus contradictory results can be obtained. This paper
      summarizes the studies performed in two different populations of Swedish and
      Cuban patients. A group of prognostic factors was compared: age, tumor size,
      lymph node status, hormone receptors and DNA distribution. Some differences were
      obtained in these parameters and in short-term relapses. Lymph node status was
      more important in Swedish series, whereas ER content and DNA pattern were of more
      predictive value in the Cuban series. Biological interpretations of the results
      is suggested.

PMID- 3696302
TI  - Effect of lomustin on some platelet functions in vitro.
AB  - The effect of lomustin on platelet functions was investigated in vitro using a
      wide battery of tests. Lomustin was found to act as a specific inhibitor of
      platelet aggregation, release reaction and clot retraction and to induce acquired
      thrombocytopathy. Thus, impairment of platelet functions might play a role in
      hemorrhagic complications accompanying lomustin therapy in some cases.

PMID- 3696303
TI  - Role of levamisole immunotherapy as an adjuvant to radiotherapy in oral cancer.
      I. A three-year clinical follow up.
AB  - Eighty-two patients with squamous cells carcinoma of the oral cavity belonging to
      stages T1N0M0 and T2N0M0 were randomized to receive either levamisole or placebo
      therapy following conventional radiotherapy. Oral levamisole, at 150 mg daily
      doses for three consecutive days, was given once every two weeks. The patients
      were followed-up for three years and the results reported. Levamisole appears to
      have some beneficial effect in prolonging the disease-free interval of these
      patients (44% in the levamisole group compared to 32% in the placebo group after
      30 months of therapy). This, however, did not have any effect of the metastatic
      potential of the tumors. The effects of levamisole on peripheral blood leukocytes
      and lymphocytes were more promising. The restoration of leukopenia and
      lymphopenia observed after radiotherapy was faster in the levamisole group when
      compared to the placebo group.

PMID- 3696305
TI  - Nursing as a healing art.

PMID- 3696304
TI  - Risk factors of bladder cancer in Spain.
AB  - A case-control study was performed on 406 (353 males and 53 females) bladder
      cancer patients and 406 controls matched in age, sex and date of admission to the
      hospital. The questionnaire included questions about socio-economic status,
      residence, personal and familial histories of diseases, professional occupations,
      and habits such as cigarette smoking and consumption of coffee, artificial
      sweeteners, alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages, and water. Up to three
      different exposures to occupational risks were taken into account. Data were
      studied by a discriminant analysis technique. The results suggest a
      multifactorial etiology for this disease. The factors increasing the risk of
      bladder cancer, listed in order of importance, were: total number of cigarettes
      smoked, history of urologic disease, second exposure to an occupational risk, use
      of artificially sweetened beverages, low consumption of water, family history of
      cancer, third occupational exposure to a risk, use of artificial sweeteners, and
      years of coffee drinking.

PMID- 3696306
TI  - The art of caring.

PMID- 3696307
TI  - [Multimodality evoked potentials and brain death. Prerequisites, findings and
      problems].
AB  - According to the recommendations of the medical board of the FRG the clinical
      diagnosis of cerebral death in adults requires an observation period of 12 hours.
      Evoked cerebral potentials have been accepted as a technical method of
      confirmation of clinical signs. In 32 patients with the signs of apneic brain
      stem areflexia acoustic evoked brain-stem potentials and median-evoked
      somatosensory potentials were recorded. In supratentorial lesions evoked
      potentials are adequate to confirm complete cessation of brain function. In three
      cases of primary brain-stem disease evoked potentials were abolished, however,
      unequivocal EEG activity was preserved. The registration of evoked potentials is
      sufficient to confirm the brain death syndrome in primary supratentorial lesions,
      in infratentorial disease, however, demonstration of isoelectric EEG is
      necessary.

PMID- 3696308
TI  - [Value of oligoclonal IgG fractions in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood in
      neurologic diseases].
AB  - CSF and serum from 700 patients were analysed by isoelectric focusing (IEF).
      Oligoclonal bands in the high alkaline range were detected in 156 cases. Ninety
      five patients were diagnosed as having multiple sclerosis (MS), 38 various CNS
      inflammatory disorders, 18 vascular, neoplastic or degenerative and 5 patients
      other neurological diseases. IEF was positive in 98% of clinically definite and
      85% of clinically probable MS cases and was found to be more sensitive as
      compared to intrathecal IgG production and evoked potentials. Neither the
      presence of oligoclonal IgG nor the banding distribution pattern is specific for
      any disease. Further characterization may be obtained by immunofixation if the
      antigen is known.

PMID- 3696309
TI  - [Space-occupying cerebral infarct].

PMID- 3696311
TI  - [Relations between amplitude reduction of event related potentials (CNV) and
      concentration performance in vascular dementia].

PMID- 3696310
TI  - [Sinus thrombosis and magnetic resonance tomography].

PMID- 3696312
TI  - [Vertebral hemangioma with extradural spinal cord compression. Clinico-radiologic
      and NMR findings].
AB  - A haemangioma extending from the first thoracal vertebra into the extradural
      spinal canal presented clinically as slowly progressive incomplete cord
      compression. Radiographic, myelographic, and CT findings are demonstrated and an
      additional lumbar vertebral haemangioma was found. The study of magnetic
      resonance imaging (MRI) done by spin-echo technique indicated that signal
      intensities within the vascular malformation measured in various recovery (TR)
      and echo times (TE) are largely the result of different blood flow velocities.

PMID- 3696313
TI  - Magnesium prevents acute hypercalcemic hypertension.
AB  - Systolic and mean blood pressures were shown to increase from means of 159 +/- 7
      and 111 +/- 7 mm Hg to 174 +/- 8 and 122 +/- 6 mm Hg, respectively (p less than
      0.05 in each case), after a 2-hour intravenous infusion of CaCl2 during which
      serum magnesium levels were found to decrease from 1.8 +/- 0.06 to 1.4 +/- 0.05
      mg/dl (p less than 0.0005). A significant increase in blood pressure was not seen
      when MgSO4 was given intravenously concomitantly with the CaCl2 so that serum
      magnesium levels did not decline. We conclude that hypercalcemic hypertension is
      due in part to altered serum magnesium and is prevented if serum magnesium is
      sustained.

PMID- 3696314
TI  - Olfaction and hemodialysis: baseline and acute treatment decrements.
AB  - The effect of hemodialysis (HD) on olfactory recognition and memory function was
      investigated in people receiving chronic HD treatment. Fifteen subjects were
      given an olfactory recognition task 0.5 h before and 0.5 h after a dialysis
      session in counterbalanced order. Ten dialysis patients received a verbal recall
      task twice. Ten age-matched normal subjects received the olfactory task twice.
      Results were: (1) olfactory scores in the HD group were significantly lower than
      control subjects scores; (2) within the dialysis sample, olfactory identification
      scores were significantly lower after treatment than before, and (3) there were
      no parallel decreases in memory performance of the dialysis group after a HD
      treatment. We therefore conclude that those subjects receiving HD treatment
      demonstrate acute and chronic deficits in olfactory recognition which are
      unlikely to be due to fatigue, cognitive disequilibrium, anticoagulant treatment
      or high levels of uremic toxins.

PMID- 3696315
TI  - Calcific aortic stenosis: a complication of chronic uraemia.
AB  - The incidence of aortic stenosis was studied in 174 consecutive patients aged
      less than 55 years at initiation of maintenance haemodialysis. Severe, calcific
      aortic stenosis developed in 6 patients a mean 9.7 years after starting
      haemodialysis (p = 0.0004 compared to population incidence). In 5 patients
      stenosis was due to severe premature calcification of a tricuspid aortic valve.
      Necropsy proven aortic valve calcification (with or without stenosis) was
      associated with an increased duration of haemodialysis, age greater than 35 years
      at starting dialysis and mitral annular calcification. There is an increased
      incidence of aortic stenosis in patients with chronic renal failure due to
      premature valvular calcification, which may be related to abnormal calcium and
      phosphate metabolism in uraemia.

PMID- 3696316
TI  - Red-cell calcium in patients with renal failure.
AB  - The red-cell calcium concentration, measured by atomic absorption
      spectrophotometry, was found to be significantly higher in patients with end
      stage renal failure than in healthy volunteers. This provides one possible
      explanation for some of the abnormalities of red-cell metabolism known to occur
      in uraemia.

PMID- 3696317
TI  - Immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE) and complement components (C3, C4) in
      nephrotic syndrome due to minimal change and other forms of glomerulonephritis, a
      clue for steroid therapy?
AB  - Serum IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, C3 and C4 were measured in 13 patients with minimal
      change (MC) glomerulonephritis and 10 with the nephrotic syndrome (NS) due to
      other forms of glomerulonephritis. The tests were repeated in all patients with
      MC glomerulonephritis when they went into remission. Serum IgG was reduced, IgM,
      IgE and C3 were raised while serum IgA was within the normal range when the
      patients were nephrotic. Changes in serum immunoglobulins and complement
      components were not specific to MC glomerulonephritis and these parameters
      reverted towards normal when the NS went into remission. Elevated C3 levels
      probably reflected increased hepatic protein synthesis since C3 correlated
      significantly with serum cholesterol. There was a tendency for serum IgE
      concentrations to positively correlate with the total dose of prednisolone
      required to bring the NS to remission.

PMID- 3696318
TI  - Functional acute renal failure in a patient with carcinoid syndrome.
AB  - Acute renal failure occurred in a patient with a carcinoid syndrome whenever he
      developed a flushing episode. Renal biopsy performed during one of these oliguric
      episodes did not reveal any lesions which could explain this reversible form of
      renal insufficiency. Urinary indices were not conclusive. Alteration of
      intrarenal hemodynamics by vasoactive compounds is proposed to be the causative
      mechanism of this relapsing acute oliguric renal failure.

PMID- 3696319
TI  - Relationship between left ventricular systolic function and plasma clearance of
      169Yb-DTPA in normal and ischemic dogs.
AB  - Plasma clearance of 169Yb-DTPA, a heavy chelate metal excreted only by glomerular
      filtration, was measured serially in a canine model to determine whether the
      clearance of this substance correlates with left ventricular systolic function.
      Fourteen anesthetized open-chest dogs were studied. Six dogs (group I) were used
      to estimate the clearance of 169Yb-DTPA in the setting of normal left ventricular
      function. Eight dogs (group II) were used to estimate clearance of 169Yb-DTPA in
      the presence of ischemic left ventricular dysfunction. Cardiac output, mean
      arterial pressure, and plasma levels of 169Yb-DTPA were measured serially. In
      group II dogs, area at risk for necrosis was defined using myocardial contrast
      echocardiography. The change in clearance of 169Yb-DTPA in group II dogs
      correlated well with change in cardiac output and area at risk (r = 0.80 and 
      0.93, respectively) and was significantly different from group I dogs (p less
      than 0.01). However, changes in clearance of 169Yb-DTPA in the group II dogs did
      not correlate well with change in mean arterial pressure (r = 0.26). IN
      CONCLUSION: (1) clearance of 169Yb-DTPA is constant over time in the absence of
      ischemic left ventricular dysfunction and derangement of other hemodynamic
      parameters; (2) changes in clearance of 169Yb-DTPA correlate well with changes in
      systolic pump function and left ventricular area at risk in the setting of
      ischemic left ventricular dysfunction, and (3) clearance of 169Yb-DTPA is not
      related to mean arterial pressure.

PMID- 3696320
TI  - Peritoneal dialysis in spinal cord injury.

PMID- 3696321
TI  - Diffuse pulmonary haemorrhage and crescentic glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 3696322
TI  - Dialysis and HIV infection.

PMID- 3696323
TI  - Low-molecular-mass proteins in serum and their relationship to the glomerular
      filtration rate.

PMID- 3696324
TI  - Nephritogenic glycoprotein. XI. Comparison of humoral immune responses in rats
      injected with nephritogenoside and those given Heymann antigen.
AB  - A single footpad injection of a triglycosyl glycopeptide (nephritogenoside, NG)
      isolated from rat glomerular basement membrane can induce proliferative
      glomerulonephritis (PGN) in homologous animals, resulting in contracted kidney.
      On the other hand, it is well known that administration of rat tubular brush
      border antigen (Fx1A) causes a membranous glomerulonephritis (MG) in homologous
      animals. When a partially purified NG (crude NG, cNG) is injected in rats, a
      mixed lesion of PGN and MG resulted. To investigate the correlation between renal
      glomerular lesions and humoral immune responses in animals given NG and cNG,
      levels of antibodies to cNG and Fx1A, and those of immune complexes (ICs) are
      measured in sera from animals of these experimental groups using enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay. Significant levels of antibodies to cNG and Fx1A and those
      of ICs are detected in all groups of rats injected with cNG, Fx1A and pronase
      digested Fx1A. It was revealed that antibodies to cNG in sera from rats injected
      with cNG, Fx1A and pronase-digested Fx1A recognize the common epitopes shared
      with Fx1A. On the other hand, neither antibodies nor ICs are detected in rats
      injected with NG, suggesting that humoral immune mechanisms may not play a
      leading role in the pathogenesis of NG-induced glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 3696325
TI  - Calcitonin-induced hypocalcaemia as a possible index of osteoclastic activity in
      patients with chronic renal failure.
AB  - It has been suggested that the intensity of hypocalcaemic response to the
      administration of calcitonin may reflect the degree of osteoclastic activity and
      thus the state of the parathyroid function. We have performed the calcitonin test
      in 14 healthy volunteers and in 17 patients with chronic renal failure undergoing
      haemodialysis. The test involved the intramuscular injection of 100 MRC units of
      synthetic salmon calcitonin, serum calcium being determined before and after 5 h
      of the injections of the hormone. In 7 of the patients, the test was repeated
      using intranasal administration by means of a spray of calcitonin. In renal
      patients, serum calcium fell from 9.73 +/- 0.76 to 7.88 +/- 1.01 mg/dl (1.85 +/-
      0.67 mg/dl). In the control group, serum calcium fell from 9.51 +/- 0.56 to 8.89
      +/- 0.34 mg/dl (0.62 +/- 0.35 mg/dl). The calcium fall in renal patients was
      significantly greater than in the control group (p less than 0.001). In patients
      there was a statistically significant correlation between the fall in serum
      calcium and the level of alkaline phosphatase, but no with the serum
      concentration of immunoreactive parathormone (C-Terminal). After intranasal
      calcitonin, serum calcium fell from 9.81 +/- 0.55 to 8.83 +/- 0.72 mg/dl (1.42 +/
      0.42 mg/dl), a reduction comparable to that obtained after the intramuscular
      injection of the hormone in the same patients (1.84 +/- 0.69 mg/dl). These
      results provide evidence of an increase in osteoclastic activity in chronic renal
      failure, perhaps reflecting parathyroid hyperfunction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3696326
TI  - The urinary excretion of total hydroxylysine and its glycosides in normal
      persons, and in patients suffering from Alport's syndrome--contribution of the
      peptide-bound fraction.
AB  - As Alport's syndrome is probably a molecular disorder of basement membrane
      composition, investigation of the urine on basement membrane components might be
      a diagnostic aid. It was shown previously that measurement of the excretion of
      free hydroxylysine and its glycosides, glucosylgalactosylhydroxylysine and
      galactosylhydroxylysine, was not useful for this purpose. Because the urinary
      peptide-bound fraction may be more basement membrane specific, a subsequent study
      was performed with respect to the total (= free and peptide-bound) concentrations
      and fractions. To establish reference values, urinary specimens of 38 normal
      subjects of different ages were investigated. These values were used for
      comparison with data on 30 Alport patients, and 10 Alport siblings. 10 patients
      with benign recurrent hematuria were also investigated. No marked differences
      were observed in the excretory rates between normals and patients.

PMID- 3696327
TI  - Significance of renal hyaline arteriolosclerosis and tubulo-interstitial change
      in IgA glomerulonephropathy and focal glomerular sclerosis.
AB  - The relationship between glomerular sclerosis and hyaline arteriolosclerosis (HA)
      or tubulo-interstitial (T-I) change was investigated in 66 patients with IgA
      glomerulonephropathy (IgA-GN) and in 12 patients with idiopathic focal segmental
      glomerulosclerosis (FGS). More than a 10% incidence of global sclerosis was noted
      in 15 patients with IgA-GN and in 9 patients with FGS. There was no significant
      discrepancy of age between patients with IgA-GN and those with FGS (IgA-GN: 37.5
      +/- 12.5; FGS: 35.7 +/- 10.3). In patients with IgA-GN, 7 out of 15 were HA
      positive (46.7%), whereas in patients with FGS, 7 out of 9 were HA-positive
      (77.8%). However, a close correlation was observed between glomerular sclerosis
      and T-I change only in patients with IgA-GN (r = 0.82; p less than 0.001). The
      results suggested that in the case of IgA-GN, T-I change was related to the
      prognosis of glomerular sclerosis. In addition, it is assumed that a possible
      correlation exists between FGS and HA.

PMID- 3696328
TI  - Psychosocial adjustment of home hemodialysis, continuous ambulatory peritoneal
      dialysis and hospital dialysis patients and their spouses.
AB  - The present study compared home hemodialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal
      dialysis, (CAPD) patients and their spouses to matched groups of hospital
      dialysis patients in order to examine the psychosocial adjustment to the various
      modes of dialysis treatment. The psychological distress was smaller in the
      patients on home treatment, but no significant difference was found in their
      vocational and social rehabilitation. The spouses of patients on home treatment
      manifested similar scores of psychological distress as spouses of patients on
      hospital dialysis, but reported somewhat less social problems.

PMID- 3696329
TI  - Morbidity and mortality of central venous catheter hemodialysis: a review of 10
      years' experience.
AB  - The morbidity and mortality of hemodialysis by internal central venous
      catheterization in the subclavian and internal jugular positions are reviewed. A
      follow-up study was performed in our unit over 10 years (786 catheterizations).
      The most frequent complications were inadequate flow (7.6%) inadvertent
      withdrawal (5.6%) and bacteremia (5.1%). The overall complication rate was 27.2%.
      Kinking (p less than 0.001), bleeding (p less than 0.01) and bacteremia (p less
      than 0.05) occurred more frequently in patients with chronic renal failure,
      compared to patients with acute renal failure. Inadvertent withdrawal was the
      only complication observed more frequently in the internal jugular than in the
      subclavian position (10.8 vs. 4.3%; p less than 0.01). Bacteremia occurred more
      frequently after prolonged periods of catheterization (greater than 10 days). No
      fatal complications were observed. To obtain a more accurate idea about
      mortality, two supplementary large groups were studied: a review of 11 published
      series (1,542 catheterizations) and a questionnaire-based survey of 16 dialysis
      centers (approximately 4,000 catheterizations). Six fatalities were registered: 1
      due to septicemia (in the literature review) and 3 due to traumatic perforation
      of the cardiac or the vessel wall, 1 to septicemia and 1 to air embolism (in the
      questionnaire-based survey). Based on the three different groups studied, the
      mortality of catheter dialysis could be estimated to be between 0 and 1.25/1,000
      catheterizations.

PMID- 3696330
TI  - Effect of probucol on hyperlipidemia in patients with nephrotic syndrome.
AB  - We have evaluated the effect of the antihyperlipidemic agent probucol on
      hyperlipidemia in patients with nephrotic syndrome. Twelve patients with long
      standing nephrotic syndrome received 500 mg of probucol daily for 12 weeks. Serum
      total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were
      significantly lowered with probucol treatment. There were no differences in urine
      protein, serum total protein, serum albumin and renal function before and after
      probucol treatment. No drug-related side effects were observed during our study.
      These results indicated that probucol was effective against hyperlipidemia and
      free from side effects in patients with persistent nephrotic syndrome. The use of
      probucol is therefore suggested to be advisable when antihyperlipidemic treatment
      is required in some subgroups of nephrotic syndrome.

PMID- 3696331
TI  - Intact parathyroid hormone, ionized calcium and calcium infusion test in the
      evaluation of hyperparathyroidism in chronic renal failure.
AB  - We studied the parathyroid function in patients with advanced renal failure by
      determining their plasma concentrations of ionized calcium (iCa), intact
      parathyroid hormone (PTH) and its inactive metabolites (PTH-MM). The
      suppressibility of the parathyroidism was studied with a calcium infusion test.
      The intact PTH values of the nondialysis and dialysis patients did not
      statistically differ from each other. The concentrations of PTH-MM were, however,
      higher in the dialysis patients than in the nondialysis patients (p less than
      0.05). The ratio of PTH-MM to intact PTH was lowest in healthy reference subjects
      and highest in dialysis patients (p less than 0.01), and did not correlate with
      the degree of intact PTH elevation in the patient groups. The calcium infusion
      test was carried out on 15 patients. All showed suppression in the elevated
      plasma intact PTH concentration and in 6 the intact PTH value normalized. The PTH
      MM value did not normalize in any of the patients. During oral calcium treatment
      the degree of intact PTH suppression at an achieved concentration of plasma iCa
      was predictable from the infusion test. Three patients were parathyroidectomized
      after the calcium infusion test. In 2 of these elevated intact PTH normalized
      within 24 h while in 1 no change took place. In this latter case on clinical
      improvement was noted. We conclude that the determination of plasma intact PTH
      concentration especially of combined with plasma iCa value is a reliable means of
      studying the hyperparathyroidism associated with chronic renal failure.

PMID- 3696332
TI  - Plasma hippurate in renal failure: high-performance liquid chromatography method
      and clinical application.
AB  - We have developed a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for
      assay of hippurate in plasma of patients with renal failure. Hippurate accounts,
      in part, for the impaired binding of drugs and metabolites to albumin and may
      cause other disorders in azotemic patients. The method is precise, accurate and
      reproducible. Among 25 patients with acute and chronic renal failure having serum
      creatinine in the range of 2.9-43 mg/dl (256-3,801 mumol/l), plasma hippurate
      ranged from 0.11 to 16.2 mg/dl (6.1-904 mumol/l). Hippurate concentration
      correlated moderately closely with plasma creatinine, urea and anion gap. Its
      curvilinear relation to the reciprocal of serum creatinine indicated a
      proportional decline of GFR and tubular function or the accumulation of
      inhibitors of the proximal tubular anion secretory pathway. The method should be
      useful for further studies of abnormal albumin binding as well as other disorders
      in azotemic patients.

PMID- 3696333
TI  - IgA nephropathy is not induced in mice by oral administration of TNP-conjugated
      ovalbumin.
AB  - An IgA nephropathy model based on long-term oral administration of protein
      antigens was evaluated in three mouse strains using trinitrophenyl (TNP)
      conjugated ovalbumin. Administration of the antigen for 14 weeks did not induce a
      significant IgA response nor deposition of IgA in the mesangium in any of the
      mouse strains. If, however, serum IgA anti-TNP antibodies were induced by
      intraperitoneal injection of anti-TNP producing MOPC-315 tumor cells, subsequent
      intravenous injection of antigen resulted in the deposition of IgA immune
      complexes in the mouse kidneys. Hematuria did not occur. In conclusion, previous
      data showing that long-term oral administration of protein antigens induces
      mesangial IgA deposits could not be confirmed with TNP ovalbumin. However,
      mesangial IgA deposits were obtained in animals treated with MOPC-315 tumor cells
      as described by Rifai et al. [J. exp. Med. 150: 1161-1173, 1979].

PMID- 3696334
TI  - Immunologic competence of hemodialysis patients following withdrawal of vitamin C
      supplement.
AB  - Twelve stable nondiabetic patients on chronic hemodialysis were studied for their
      immunobiologic competence while receiving vitamin C supplement and 1-2 months
      following its withdrawal. These subjects, on prescribed diets, were checked for
      their food intake at the beginning of the study and at 1-month intervals
      thereafter. Immunological parameters tested were: (1) plasma vitamin C levels;
      (2) number of mononuclear cells isolated from blood and their vitamin C contents;
      (3) lymphocyte blastogenic response to mitogens; (4) leukocyte metabolic
      functions in presence of endotoxin by nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test, and
      (5) delayed hypersensitivity to skin-testing antigens, e.g. Candida and mumps
      antigens and purified protein derivative. Patients on vitamin C had significantly
      higher plasma ascorbic acid levels compared to normal healthy subjects. These
      decreased to low normal levels 1 month following withdrawal of the supplement and
      stayed comparable thereafter, up to 12 months of the study period. Ascorbic acid
      contents in the isolated mononuclear cells remained unchanged in patients on or
      off vitamin C. The number of blood mononuclear cells isolated and mitogenic
      responses to concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin did not change following
      withdrawal of vitamin C supplement. All patients had positive delayed
      hypersensitivity to Candida, 60% to mumps and all were unresponsive to purified
      protein derivative. Leukocyte metabolic functions by nitroblue tetrazolium
      reduction test were higher in patients on vitamin C than when off, but this was
      not statistically significant. Vitamin C supplement is not necessary in
      hemodialysis patients when they are on an adequate diet.

PMID- 3696335
TI  - Treatment of idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 3696336
TI  - Agranulocytosis during nifedipine treatment in a hemodialysis patient.

PMID- 3696337
TI  - Estimating creatinine clearance from serum creatinine in chronically immobilized
      nursing home residents.

PMID- 3696339
TI  - Comparative studies in hypertension. Proceedings of the satellite symposium to
      the 11th scientific meeting of the ISH 1986. Titisee-Neustadt (FRG), September 7
      9, 1986.

PMID- 3696338
TI  - Terminal arrhythmia due to hyperkalemia corrected by intravenous calcium
      infusion.

PMID- 3696340
TI  - Failure to reduce cholesterol as explanation for the limited efficacy of
      antihypertensive treatment in the reduction of coronary heart disease. Evidence
      from the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up program (1973-1979).
AB  - The recent experience of six large trials of antihypertensive therapy has not
      clearly demonstrated any beneficial effect on the prevention of coronary heart
      disease (CHD). The data from the HDFP study have been analyzed by three
      cholesterol strata at baseline. The higher the baseline cholesterol levels, the
      greater the risk for CHD. In hypertensive patients, the slope of the relationship
      between cholesterol and CHD event rate was examined. There is indication of an
      increase of about 6 CHD events per 1,000 patients for each 50 mg/mdl increase in
      cholesterol (p less than 0.05). This population was further divided into those
      with major end organ damage (EOD) and those without EOD at baseline. In patients
      who had no EOD, examination of baseline cholesterol level and 5-year CHD death
      rates indicates a similar relationship. In contrast, the lack of correlation
      between baseline cholesterol level and CHD death rates in those hypertensives
      with EOD, suggests the need to reduce hypercholesterolemia before EOD occurs.

PMID- 3696341
TI  - Comparative studies in hypertension under different continental conditions.
AB  - Preventive studies were undertaken according to the same protocol (questionnaire,
      blood pressure and cholesterol assay standardized) integrated in the Public
      Health Services of the GDR and Cuba. In a German community (Cottbus-Land) 5,377
      people (2,340 males/3,037 females) and in the Havana region 1,179 people (437
      males/742 females), all aged 30-50 years, were followed up. The Germans revealed
      higher proportions of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, the Cubans those of
      (heavy) smoking. Conditioning factors, such as overweight, physical inactivity
      and psychic stress, were found to be quite differently distributed, explaining
      however only in part prevalence differences between the continental regions even
      when both sex and localization of living were considered separately.

PMID- 3696342
TI  - Taste sensitivity for sodium chloride in hypotensive, normotensive and
      hypertensive subjects.
AB  - The taste sensitivity for sodium chloride was examined in 103 normotensive, 55
      hypertensive and 36 hypotensive subjects. The examination was performed on five
      areas of the tongue using four different concentrated NaCl solutions (2.5, 5.0,
      7.5 and 15%). The results indicate that hypotensive subjects show a much higher
      salt sensitivity compared to normotensive or hypertensive subjects. The enhanced
      sensitivity of hypotensives to sodium chloride may reflect a regulatory factor
      tending to normalize blood pressure. In contrast, the lower sensitivity of
      hypertensives points to a salt dependency of high blood pressure in these
      patients.

PMID- 3696344
TI  - Comparison of casual, ambulatory and self-determined blood pressure measurement.
AB  - In this study, self-determined, ambulatory and casual blood pressure measurements
      were studied in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. 31
      patients were studied during a 7-day period: casual blood pressures were taken on
      the 1st, 4th and 7th day. Pressure monitoring for 24 h using a noninvasive
      ambulatory blood pressure recorder was performed on the 1st and 7th day. Patients
      recorded blood pressure daily at home at least 3 times each day. On the 1st day,
      the mean casual blood pressure was significantly higher than either mean self
      determined blood pressure or mean 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure. There was no
      significant difference between ambulatory daytime means and self-determined
      means. Casual blood pressures decreased from day 1 to day 7 significantly, while
      no significant difference in self-determined or ambulatory readings was observed.
      On the 7th day casual blood pressures were still significantly higher than self
      determined measurements. Our results show that values obtained from daytime
      ambulatory measurements and self-determined measurements were equivalent. A fall
      in blood pressure with serial observations was found only in casual blood
      pressure, while no significant change occurred with either self-determined or
      ambulatory pressure. Since self-determined blood pressure measurements are easier
      and more economical to perform than ambulatory measurements, self-determined
      measurement is an excellent alternative to obtain representative blood pressure
      values for the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension.

PMID- 3696343
TI  - A circulating hypertensive factor in primary hypertension: effect of
      antihypertensive therapy.
AB  - In this study the role of a humoral hypertensive factor in spontaneously
      hypertensive rats (SHR) of the Munster strain was examined by cross-circulation.
      It was demonstrated that hypertension of the SHR could be transmitted to cross
      circulation normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats. The results led to the following
      conclusion: primary hypertension is caused by a circulating factor which is
      produced by kidneys and adrenals and suppressed by acute volume depletion and
      chronic dietary salt restriction. The antihypertensive effect of nifedipine
      probably leads to a compensatory stimulation of the hypertensive factor in SHR.

PMID- 3696345
TI  - Comparative studies of reduced sodium and high potassium diet in hypertension.
AB  - A decrease in sodium intake or an increase in potassium intake reduces blood
      pressure (BP) in people with essential hypertension. Additional potassium
      prevents, in sodium-sensitive people and rats, the rise in BP caused by extra
      sodium chloride. In people with a diastolic BP between 90 and 100 mm Hg, dietary
      reduction of sodium to 80 mmol/day and dietary increase of potassium to 90
      mmol/day caused a fall in BP of 5.1/4.2 and 3.6/3.1 mm Hg, respectively, greater
      than was observed in the control group. There was a negative interaction between
      the two diets when used together with a BP change of 4.0/3.6 mm Hg. The fall in
      BP with sodium restriction was not reversed by the addition of sodium chloride
      and a similar fall in BP was not achieved with potassium chloride. It is possible
      that the response is due to some other factor. A strong correlation existed
      between the change in urine Na:K and the fall in BP. This study indicates that a
      reduced sodium or an increased potassium diet will reduce BP and should be
      considered for the initial management of essential hypertension.

PMID- 3696346
TI  - Physical exercise and antihypertensive drugs.
AB  - Interactions and interrelations between antihypertensive drugs (AHD) and physical
      exercise are discussed on the basis of experimental results and of literature
      data. In physically active subjects AHD should lower the arterial pressure not
      only at rest, but also during physical stress. On the other hand,
      antihypertensive treatment should not influence physical performance. The main
      groups of AHD which could by applied in predominantly young and otherwise healthy
      subjects are: Beta-receptor blockers are recommended as first choice since they
      have a marked lowering effect on exercise blood pressure, conversely they impair
      by the same mechanism sympathetic stress adaptation. The effect of diuretics and
      calcium antagonists on exercise pressure is generally small; however, it may vary
      greatly in individual cases. As an interesting new category ACE-inhibitors should
      be studied further. Most AHD may impair the performance capacity of competitive
      athletes; however, sometimes they are also used illicitly to improve performance.
      In contrast, the symptom-limited performance of hypertensives is generally
      improved by therapy.

PMID- 3696347
TI  - Cadmium and hypertension.
AB  - Cadmium, an environmental trace metal, has been implicated as a possible factor
      in human hypertension. Although the epidemiological studies on humans exposed to
      cadmium are biased by certain additional factors, more detailed information is
      available from animal studies and in vitro experiments. The results demonstrate
      that cadmium influences the vasopressor-induced reactivity and the stress strain
      characteristics of the blood vessel wall. Thus, it is conceivable that cadmium
      might contribute to the elevation of blood pressure. But still more convincing
      data are necessary to clarify the link between cadmium exposure and the
      development of human hypertension.

PMID- 3696348
TI  - Vegetarian diet and blood pressure.
AB  - There is now convincing evidence from epidemiological studies and randomized
      controlled trials that adoption of an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet leads to blood
      pressure reduction in both normotensive and hypertensive subjects. This effect
      appears to be independent of both dietary sodium and weight loss but additive to
      effects of weight reduction. Long-term adherence to a vegetarian diet is
      associated with less of a rise of blood pressure with age and a decreased
      prevalence of hypertension. The nutrients responsible for these effects have not
      been clearly identified and the mechanisms involved are unknown. Resolution of
      these questions is needed to enable more widespread adoption of dietary changes
      which may reduce the prevalence of hypertension, reduce antihypertensive drug
      dependence and by effects on blood pressure and blood lipids ameliorate the
      natural history of hypertensive cardiovascular disease.

PMID- 3696349
TI  - Severe hypertension--is there a drug of choice?
AB  - Severity of hypertension may be defined in terms of the height of the arterial
      pressure, or the degree of organ damage present or the resistance to drug
      therapy. These definitions do not necessarily overlap in the individual case. A
      variety of drugs is now available for treatment of the severe case however
      defined, but results of current treatment of such cases in practice have not
      reduced the risk of stroke or of myocardial infarction to that of the age- and
      sex-matched normotensive population. Data from which to select drugs with
      favourable effects on left ventricular hypertrophy, glomerular hyperfiltration or
      the cerebral circulation are scanty and need amplification. Choice of drug
      therapy in current circumstances remains empirical, although there are probable
      advantages in the use of converting enzyme inhibitors or calcium antagonists in
      the treatment of severe hypertension.

PMID- 3696350
TI  - Obesity and hypertension.
AB  - Most hypertensive subjects are overweight, and as a consequence have an increased
      prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia, impaired glucose tolerance, and left
      ventricular hypertrophy. Reduction of the blood pressure by antihypertensive
      drugs without control of the obesity leaves these additional risk factors for
      cardiovascular disease uncorrected. Weight reduction has a substantial and
      sustained antihypertensive effect, removes or reduces the need for drug
      treatment, corrects the associated risk factors, and is clearly the more rational
      approach to management.

PMID- 3696351
TI  - Hypertensive emergencies.
AB  - Hypertensive emergencies are defined as conditions where a seriously elevated
      blood pressure imposes a substantial threat to a patient's life or vital organ
      functions. Since acute blood pressure reduction by lowering cardiac output and/or
      vascular resistance itself has the potential for serious and even life
      threatening complications, treatment should be given restrictively based on
      pathophysiological considerations concerning altered patterns of blood pressure
      and blood flow regulation in these patients. Ischemic treatment related
      complications can be avoided by a rational choice of first-line drugs. These
      include beta-blockers for patients with a compromised myocardial oxygen supply as
      in acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina as well as for patients with
      dissecting aneurysms and patients with pronounced catecholamine release. In other
      types of hypertensive emergencies, calcium antagonists have emerged as the
      treatment of choice with excellent efficacy and a favorable risk-benefit ratio.
      Sodium nitroprusside is rarely necessary in treatment failures after calcium
      channel blockade.

PMID- 3696352
TI  - Hypertension and the kidney.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to confirm, using longitudinal observations in a
      normal population, that the rate of decline in renal function (creatinine
      clearance) is inversely correlated with blood pressure. The negative regression
      coefficients plotting individual rates of decline over time (Bcr) against mean
      blood pressures (MBP) were highly significant (p less than 0.001) for all
      subjects and subjects in category 3 (normals). Although the Bcr also decreases
      significantly with age and MBP increases with age suggesting this might be an age
      effect, a multiple regression analysis shows that both MBP and age as independent
      variables exert statistically significant effects on Bcr, the dependent variable.

PMID- 3696353
TI  - Atherogenesis and hypertension.
AB  - Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is essential for the regulation of cellular
      cholesterol homeostasis. Intracellular LDL cholesterol metabolism is achieved by
      the action of lysosomal enzymes. The hydrolytic cleavage of cholesterol is
      apparently suppressed in the smooth muscle of arterial vessels of hypertensive
      animal models, contributing to atherosclerosis. The change in the hydrolytic
      activity of the enzymes can be reversed by Ca2+ antagonists which also lower
      increased blood pressure. Thus, a blood pressure lowering effect of calcium
      antagonists may explain the antiatherosclerotic action of these agents.
      Preliminary data, using platelets as a model for studies on LDL action, suggest
      that LDL induces rapid cellular activation via phosphatidylinositol turnover.

PMID- 3696354
TI  - Structural adaptation of the cardiovascular system in hypertension. Hemodynamic
      consequences of vascular wall hypertrophy.
AB  - The existence of a structural adaptation of the cardiovascular system in
      hypertension has been known for many years, in fact already since the time of
      Bright. This paper is concerned with the hemodynamic consequences of the wall
      thickening of the small arteries and the arterioles. Studies are reported which
      illustrate the hemodynamic effects of the vascular changes in man, the limited
      reversibility of these changes and the early occurrence of the wall changes in
      the course of human hypertension. The pathophysiological role of the structural
      vascular changes in human hypertension is discussed.

PMID- 3696355
TI  - Vasoconstriction of the basilar artery in rabbits: the vasoconstrictor activity
      of blood, CSF and blood-CSF mixtures incubated for varying periods of time.
AB  - After subarachnoid haemorrhage, the amount of blood in the subarachnoid space and
      the time elapsed since the haemorrhage seem important factors in predicting the
      occurrence of vasospasm. In this experiment we studied the responses of the
      rabbit basilar artery to acute topical application of samples of human
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), mixtures of blood and CSF incubated at 37 degrees C
      for 0 to 12 days. The degree and the duration of the vasoconstriction depended on
      the time of incubation and on the concentration of blood in the samples. Samples
      incubated for five and seven days caused severe and long-lasting
      vasoconstrictions. Samples incubated for 0, 1, 3, 8, 10 and 12 days caused slight
      or moderate and short-lasting vasoconstriction. Samples incubated for 5, 7, 8,
      and 10 days showed a linear relationship between the concentration of blood and
      the degree of constriction up to the blood-CSF ratio of 0.6 to 1 (blood content
      of 37.5%); further increases of blood concentration did not cause further
      vasoconstriction. This phenomenon may be related to the saturation of arterial
      receptors. The course of the vasoconstriction using samples with different blood
      concentrations suggests the existence of more vasoactive substances. This work
      seems to confirm the importance of blood concentration in the CSF and of time as
      factors governing the development of vasospasm.

PMID- 3696356
TI  - Association of bilateral extracranial internal carotid artery occlusion and
      midline brain tumour.
AB  - A 42-year-old patient with a bilateral extracranial internal carotid occlusion
      which was associated with a midline intracerebral tumour of the genu of the
      corpus callosum, is reported. This rare association is discussed in the light of
      the pathogenetic theories referred to in the literature in similar cases. It is
      felt that, such cases, although rarely encountered, should stimulate the adoption
      of more accurate neuroradiological investigations, in patients harbouring brain
      tumours, in order carefully to plan the anaesthetic and surgical procedures.

PMID- 3696357
TI  - Bilateral extradural haematoma. Report of two cases.
AB  - Two cases of bilateral extradural haematomas are reported. In case I, the
      haematomas developed simultaneously and were probably due to a tear in the
      sagittal sinus. In case II, the haematomas developed sequentially and were
      demonstrated by serial CT scannings after the removal of a seemingly unilateral
      lesion. A review of the literature points out the rarity of this condition which
      had been described even before the CT era, with varying clinical presentations
      and unusually poor surgical results. The advent of the CT has made the diagnosis
      of simultaneous bilateral extradural haematomas easier and is regarded as a
      significant factor in the improvement of the prognosis noted in recent reports.
      However, the possibility of delayed bilateral extradural haematomas escaping
      detection in the initial CT should be emphasized. This unusual clinical
      presentation stresses the value of a routine use of serial CT scannings in the
      acute phase of head injuries.

PMID- 3696358
TI  - [Primary cerebral lymphoma. Diagnostic and therapeutic values. Apropos of 4
      cases].
AB  - The authors report four recent cases, of primary cerebral Lymphoma discovered
      since the use of the C.T. scan. Even though rare, the incidence of this tumor
      seems to be in slowly increase. The lesions on the C.T. scan are too variables
      and the surgical biopsy is necessary for the diagnosis. The primary cerebral
      Lymphoma should be considered more and more like the others Lymphomas. For this
      reason, they have started the treatment after surgical biopsy, with chemotherapy
      followed by radiotherapy associated with corticotherapy. The two last patients,
      are still alive with a follow up of 36 months for one of them. The prognosis
      seems to us, better as much as the diagnosis and the treatment was started early.

PMID- 3696359
TI  - [Cutaneous territory of the posterior branches of spinal nerves. A review of
      Dejerine's scheme].
AB  - This report concerns not only anatomical study of posterior branches of the
      spinal nerves, but has also a clinical aim. The cutaneous territories and the
      sites of pain irradiation are precised. In the cervico-thoracic region emphasis
      is placed on the importance of the fourth cervical posterior branch and of the
      second dorsal posterior branch. At the lumbar and sacral levels the authors
      distinguish three pain pathways: from up to down and from outside to inside: the
      first corresponding to posterior branches of 11th and 12th dorsal nerves, the
      second to those of first, second and third lumbar nerves and the third to sacral
      nerves.

PMID- 3696360
TI  - [Compression of the cauda equina by osteoarthritic pseudo-spondylolisthesis, with
      overlying signs of deficit. The possible role of a venous mechanism].
AB  - The authors report the case of a patient suffering from paraparesis where a
      venous pathology seemed to be responsible, and the literature is reviewed. A
      cauda-equina compression by L4/L5 arthrosic pseudo-spondylolisthesis caused
      troubles of the spinal cord venous drainage, seen at the myelography. There was a
      neurological deficit above the L4/L5 compression with a psoas and quadriceps
      deficit. After a L4/L5 laminectomy the neurological signs improved rapidly.

PMID- 3696361
TI  - [Occipital intraosseous epidermoid cyst producing a clinical picture simulating
      benign intracranial hypertension. A clinical case].
AB  - The authors describes a 17 years old woman with a small occipital intradiploic
      epidermoid cyst simulating a benign intracranial hypertension on an initial CT
      scanner. Digital angiography showed torcular compression by the tumor.
      Intracranial pressure and sagittal sinus pressure were analysed and implicated
      the epidermoid cyst as the cause of the intracranial hypertension.

PMID- 3696362
TI  - [Neurinoma of the oculomotor nerve. Apropos of a case].
AB  - A case of a surgically verified neurinoma of the oculomotor nerve is presented.
      The diagnostic difficulties due to the parasellar localisation are discussed.
      Computed tomography scan data rarely allow to distinguish the nature of the tumor
      and in all cases are insufficient to distinguish a trigeminal nerve neurinoma of
      the oculomotor nerves.

PMID- 3696363
TI  - [Lhermitte-Duclos disease. Apropos of a case].
AB  - The authors report a case of dysplastic gangliocytoma of the cerebellum
      (Lhermitte-Duclos disease). This woman's first neurosurgical admission was in
      1970 at the age of 15 years. Hydrocephalus related to aqueduct-stenosis was
      diagnosed and a ventriculo atrial shunt was inserted. Ten years later, she
      underwent partial resection of a third ventricle tumor which was identified as a
      pilocytic astrocytoma. In 1986, computerized tomography revealed a non-enhancing
      left cerebellar mass lesion. Surgical excision was performed, and pathological
      examination disclosed dysplastic gangliocytoma of the cerebellum.

PMID- 3696364
TI  - [Compression of the common peroneal nerve by a synovial cyst].
AB  - The authors report a successfully treated case of compression of the peroneal
      nerve by a simple (extraneural) ganglion. A brief review of the pathogenesis of
      intraneural and extraneural ganglions is exposed. The authors emphasize on
      considering this diagnosis in every patient who is complaining of pain or
      paralysis in the territory of the peroneal nerve. The treatment is always
      surgical. Prognosis depends on early diagnosis, non mutilating surgery for the
      nerve and ligation of an eventual stalk joining the ganglion to the articulation.

PMID- 3696365
TI  - [Reduction-stabilization of a vicious callus of the lower cervical spine by
      bilateral anterior approach].
AB  - The authors report a new technique which allows reduction and stabilization of
      cervical fractures healed in a vicious position. The procedure allows total
      removal of bony and discal protrusions, a correction of the pathological kyphosis
      by osteotomy of posterior facets. Advantages and drawbacks of this technique are
      discussed.

PMID- 3696366
TI  - [Osteosynthesis of the lower cervical spine using an anterior paediculo-isthmic
      screwed plate].
AB  - The authors report a new arthrodesis of the inferior cervical spine using a plate
      screwed into the pedicles by an anterior route. The procedure allows a complete
      and immediate stabilization of the cervical spine. Cervical orthosis is
      unnecessary in postoperative course.

PMID- 3696367
TI  - [Treatment of chronic subdural hematoma in the adult by tapping and lavage
      (Aoki's method)].
AB  - In 1984, Aoki reported a new technique for treatment of chronic subdural
      hematomas in adults. This simple, effective technique and least invasive
      procedure lead us to use it. Our data seems encourageous as they were previously
      reported by Aoki.

PMID- 3696368
TI  - [Late onset cystinosis. Apropos of a case].
AB  - This report concerns a new case of late onset cystinosis with heavy proteinuria.
      Renal biopsy showed focal segmental glomerular hyalinosis and the usual tubular
      and glomerular lesions of cystinosis. The pathogenesis of glomerular hyalinosis
      remains unclear.

PMID- 3696369
TI  - [Evaluation of maximal filtration capacity and renal functional reserve by an
      oral protein-loading test in adults and children].
AB  - After a protein load, the glomerular filtration increases to a maximum called
      maximal filtration capacity (MFC). The difference of this value with that
      observed in the fasting state defines the functional renal reserve (FRR). Fifty
      oral protein loads have been performed in 16 controls (13 adults and 3 children)
      and 31 patients with kidney disease or hypertension (22 adults, 9 children, 3
      tests being performed twice). The load consisted in the adults of 80 g of various
      proteins. In the children the load consisted in the 100% of the protein intake
      recommended of the whole day. The urinary samples were made hourly during the 5
      hours following the beginning of the meal. The MFC was not always observed during
      the 2 hours following the end of the meal. However the mean of the clearances
      measured during these 2 hours allowed an acceptable evaluation of the FRR in 42
      out of 50 cases and had the advantage to reduce the errors linked to incomplete
      bladder voiding. In the adult controls the mean of hourly determined MFC is 156
      +/- 27 ml/min, the mean of the clearances measured on the 2 hours following the
      meal is 136 +/- 21 ml/min and the fasting clearance 96 +/- 22 ml/min. The FRR is
      null in all patients with a nephropathy with a fasting clearance below 40 ml/min.
      It is modest or null in patients with acquired or congenital solitary kidney.
      Three out of five patients with proteinuria have MFC and FRR higher than the mean
      of the patients with comparable fasting clearances but without proteinuria
      suggesting that proteinuria is associated with a hyperfiltration state.

PMID- 3696370
TI  - [Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: results after more than 3 years].
AB  - The authors report the result obtained with CAPD in 20 chronic renal patients
      treated during 4.6 years in average. The dialysis possibilities have maintained
      at middle term. Nevertheless, the awaited advantages concerning anemia, calcium
      and phosphorus disorders, neuropathy, are transient and incomplete. The water and
      sodium intakes need strongly to be controlled in order to achieve normal blood
      pressure. Finally the use of "Y" disconnect systems dramatically reduces the
      peritonitis rate.

PMID- 3696371
TI  - [2 episodes of anemia occurring in a children's hemodialysis center and linked to
      an excess of chloramines in the water].

PMID- 3696372
TI  - [Thrombogenic risk of DDAVP in chronic renal insufficiency].

PMID- 3696373
TI  - [Melanosis of choroid plexus papilloma of the lateral ventricle: a case report].
AB  - A case of pigmented, well differentiated, choroid plexus papilloma is reported. A
      45-year-old man came to our hospital complaining of attacks of vertigo and
      nausea. Skull X-ray films and CT scan demonstrated a calcified tumor in the left
      middle fossa. Tumor removal was done, and it was found that the tumor occupied
      the inferior horn of the left lateral ventricle. Histological examination
      revealed well differentiated choroid plexus papilloma containing various shaped
      pigment granules in the cytoplasm. The pigment granules in the tumor cells were
      stained black by Fontana-Masson method for melanin. The stain was negative in a
      section subjected to oxidative bleach. Granules were PAS-positive and
      autofluorescence. Therefore, the pigment granules had properties of both melanin
      and lipofuscin. In the electron microscopic study the ultrastructural appearance
      of the pigment was similar to that of neuromelanin, but not to that of pre
      melanosome of neural crest origin. The pigment in this case seemed to be formed
      by "melanization" of lipofuscin as Barden's theory of pseudo-peroxidation. There
      are several case reports of pigmented choroid plexus carcinoma. However, no case
      of pigmented, well differentiated choroid plexus papilloma has, so far, been
      reported.

PMID- 3696374
TI  - [Spinal cord disease and MRI diagnosis].

PMID- 3696375
TI  - [Clinical application of the central somatosensory conduction time (CCT)].
AB  - We tried to prove the usefulness of CCT as an index of cerebral functions. CCT,
      regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) and CT scan findings were studied in 213
      neurological patients with CVD (66 cases), cerebral tumors (66 cases) and head
      traumas (81 cases). The technique of CCT recording was modified from that of
      Jones (1977) using CADWELL 5200 system. CCT was defined as the difference of the
      peak latency between N13 recorded at the C-7 vertebral electrode and N20 recorded
      at the somatosensory cortex. The control CCT in normal volunteers (N = 20) was
      5.7 +/- 0.4 msec. RCBF was measured with 133 Xe intra carotid injection method of
      Lassen & Ingvar using gammacamera (DEC GAMM 11/34). CCT tended significantly to
      become more prolonged in affected hemisphere than in unaffected hemisphere of
      patients with three groups (CVD, tumor and trauma) (p less than 0.01). Forty
      percent reduction of control rCBF caused a prolongation of CCT over 7 msec. The
      degrees of CCT prolongations appeared to be proportional to the degree of rCBF
      diminution. Prolongation of CCT was remarkable in the side of low density area on
      CT scan. The prolongation of CCT were revealed in the patients before they did
      not manifest their neurological deficits especially in the disease of metastatic
      tumors and glioma. In the case of patients with trauma who we could follow to
      measure rCBF, CCT tended to become shorten as rCBF increased till normal range.
      CCT was not significantly prolonged in congenital hydrocephalus.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3696376
TI  - [Subclavian artery to external carotid artery bypass with saphenous vein graft in
      the treatment of common carotid artery stenosis].
AB  - A case of TIAs due to proximal common carotid artery stenosis which was
      successfully treated with autogenous saphenous vein graft between the subclavian
      artery and the external carotid artery is presented. A 57-year-old, right handed
      female was admitted to our hospital for the treatment of left common carotid
      artery stenosis which was pointed out at a local hospital. She had a 7-years'
      history of repeated transient right hemiparesis and/or left amaurosis fugax. No
      neurological deficit was revealed on admission. Angiography showed an 80%
      irregular stenosis of the left common carotid artery at its origin, hypoplastic
      A1-portion of the left anterior cerebral artery and hypoplasia of the left
      posterior communicating artery. No other stenotic lesions were disclosed in a
      four-vessel study. Several kinds of surgical procedures have been reported for
      the treatment of common carotid stenotic lesion, in accordance with the site and
      extension of the lesion and hemodynamic factors. To maintain a sufficient blood
      flow of the left internal carotid artery, we considered four different operative
      methods such as (1) endarterectomy of the common carotid artery, (2) subclavian
      to common carotid artery bypass, (3) subclavian to external carotid artery bypass
      and (4) subclavian to middle cerebral artery bypass. The first two operative
      procedures force to clamp the common carotid artery which was the only one
      feeding artery of the left middle cerebral artery because of poor cross flow in
      this case. These procedures were thought highly possibly to give rise to cerebral
      infarction on the left side. The fourth method needs a long graft which has
      higher risk of bypass occlusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3696377
TI  - [Intracranial bacterial aneurysms--report of two cases with special reference to
      operative indications].
AB  - Two cases of intracranial bacterial aneurysms caused by bacterial endocarditis
      are reported. Case 1 was a 20-year-old male who underwent mitral valve
      annuloplasty because of mitral regurgitation due to mitral valve prolapse
      syndrome 3 year prior to this admission. He was referred when a large
      intracerebral hemorrhage of the right frontal lobe ruptured into the lateral
      ventricle was seen in computed tomography (CT) scan on admission. An aneurysm at
      the distal portion of precentral artery of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) was
      found by right carotid angiography. Emergency evacuation of the hematoma and
      trapping of the aneurysm were performed. Another three aneurysms, located at the
      distal portion of contralateral left precentral artery of MCA, the left posterior
      cerebral artery (PCA) and the right anterior falx artery were found in the
      subsequent angiogram. The latter two aneurysms developed while receiving
      antibiotics. The aneurysms of PCA and MCA were trapped surgically. However, the
      aneurysm of anterior falx artery disappeared spontaneously under antibiotic
      therapy without surgery. Case 2 was a 21-year-old female who underwent cardiac
      surgery one month prior to presentation for aortic insufficiency and coarctation
      of the aorta. She was referred to our clinic because of sudden loss of
      consciousness, aphasia and right hemiparesis. CT scan and left carotid
      angiography showed a large hematoma in the left frontal lobe and an aneurysm at
      the distal portion of the opercular-frontal artery. Emergency ventricular
      drainage was performed. The operation for evacuation of the hematoma and clipping
      of aneurysm was performed 10 days later. However, at the operation the aneurysm
      neck was only partially clipped in order to prevent the obstruction of efferent
      vessels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3696378
TI  - Alteration of estrogen-induced lordosis through central administration of
      corticosterone in adrenalectomized-ovariectomized rats.
AB  - Corticosterone was administered through various modes into several brain regions
      of estrogen-treated adrenalectomized-ovariectomized female rats. Daily
      administration of 20 micrograms corticosterone dissolved in propylene glycol
      through intracerebral cannulae effectively inhibited female sexual receptivity at
      each of four sites: third ventricle, ventro-medial hypothalamus, preoptic area,
      and septum. Similar administration of lesser daily doses failed to inhibit
      receptivity. Implantation of pure crystalline corticosterone also had no effect
      on receptivity at any site. Beeswax pellets chronically releasing low doses of
      corticosterone significantly inhibited receptivity when implanted in the medial
      hypothalamus and preoptic area, with similar nonsignificant trends in the lateral
      septum and medial forebrain bundle, but had no effect in the dorsal hippocampus
      or the amygdala. The effective sites are similar to those in which estrogen
      activity is known to induce receptivity and those in which serotonergic activity
      is believed to inhibit receptivity, but do not entirely correspond to sites in
      the brain showing the greatest uptake of corticosterone.

PMID- 3696380
TI  - Thyroxine 5'-deiodinase and thyroid hormone metabolism in intermediate and neural
      lobes of rat posterior pituitary.
AB  - We have found thyroxine 5'-deiodinase in rat posterior pituitary. The isozyme
      pattern was different in intermediate and neural lobes. The former contained only
      type I enzyme. In the neural lobe, in euthyroidism only type I was found while in
      hypothyroidism type II was a prominent form. Since type II 5'-deiodinase has a
      high affinity for thyroxine and is a more tissue-specific isozyme than type I,
      our results suggest there may be a previously unrecognized role of thyroid
      hormone in posterior pituitary physiology.

PMID- 3696379
TI  - Hormonal influences on the estradiol-induced and age-related increases of
      pituitary dopamine in C57BL/6J mice. Effects of gonadal steroids, gender, and
      prolactin.
AB  - Estradiol (E2) produces many-fold increases in the dopamine (DA) content of the
      anterior pituitary and also plays a role in the age-related increase in pituitary
      DA in female C57BL/6J mice. These studies address the following questions: (1)
      What are the time and dose characteristics of the E2-induced increase in
      pituitary DA and can other gonadal steroids - such as progesterone (P) and 5
      alpha-dihydrotestosterone - also influence pituitary DA? (2) Is the age-related
      increase in pituitary DA due entirely to an increase in the E2:P ratio seen in
      aging female mice, or can extra-ovarian factors also play a role? (3) Is the E2
      induced (and therefore possibly the age-related) increase in pituitary DA
      secondary to an E2-induced increase in serum prolactin? In ovariectomized (OVX)
      mice, E2 implants increased pituitary DA in a time- and dose-dependent fashion. P
      implants administered to OVX mice simultaneously with E2 antagonized the E2
      induced increase in pituitary DA. Daily injections of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone
      given in conjunction with E2 implants had no effect on basal or E2-increased
      pituitary DA in OVX mice. Thus, E2 is the only gonadal steroid examined which
      increases anterior pituitary DA. In intact aging mice, P attenuates the age
      related increase in pituitary DA, supporting the hypothesis that the increased
      ratio of E2:P secreted by the ovaries of aging female mice is responsible for the
      age-related increase in pituitary DA. However, at advanced ages, intact male mice
      also showed modest increases in anterior pituitary DA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3696381
TI  - Hyperprolactinemia disrupts neuroendocrine responses of male rats to female
      conspecifics.
AB  - An increase in plasma luteinizing hormone levels which occurs in the male rat in
      response to the presence of a receptive female was associated with increased
      norepinephrine metabolism in several regions of the hypothalamus and reduced
      norepinephrine metabolism in preoptic area and olfactory bulbs.
      Hyperprolactinemia induced by grafting three anterior pituitary glands beneath
      the kidney capsule blocked female-induced changes in norepinephrine metabolism
      and attenuated the increase in luteinizing hormone release. These results suggest
      that endocrine and behavioral responses of male rats to the presence of a female
      are mediated by changes in catecholamine metabolism in several brain regions. The
      ability of hyperprolactinemia to induce deficits in male sexual behavior may be
      due to the blockade of these CNS responses to exteroceptive stimuli originating
      from the female.

PMID- 3696382
TI  - Mechanisms of endogenous GABA release from hypothalamic fragments. Effect of
      prolactin.
AB  - The efflux of endogenous gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been studied using
      small hypothalamic fragments containing arcuate-paraventricular nuclei and median
      eminence from the rat brain. The amount of GABA present in the medium and the
      tissue GABA content were quantified by radioreceptor assay. The endogenous GABA
      efflux was found to be dependent upon the Ca2+ and K+ concentrations in the
      incubation medium, and it required synthesis of GABA, indicating neuronal origin
      of the released neurotransmitter. Nipecotic acid, an inhibitor of neuronal and
      glial uptake, prevented reuptake of released GABA. Prolactin in concentrations of
      250 and 1,000 ng/ml augmented the K+-evoked efflux of GABA. The effect of
      prolactin was dependent on the presence of Ca2+ and on the synthesis of GABA. In
      addition, prolactin seems to alter the reuptake of endogenous GABA and the uptake
      of [3H]-GABA. In conclusion, these results suggest that prolactin may influence
      its own secretion by stimulating the release of hypothalamic GABA, both through
      an increase of its synthesis and a modification of its reuptake.

PMID- 3696383
TI  - Effects of brain antiestrogen implants on maternal behavior and on postpartum
      estrus in pregnant rats.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that the onset of maternal behavior is stimulated by
      estrogen, we examined the effects of medial preoptic area (MPOA) or ventromedial
      hypothalamus (VMH) implants of the antiestrogen 4-hydroxytamoxifen (OH-TAM) on
      pre- and postpartum maternal behavior and on postpartum estrus in rats. On day 20
      of pregnancy, animals were implanted bilaterally with OH-TAM or cholesterol
      cannulae into MPOA or VMH. Unilateral cannulae of OH-TAM were also placed into
      MPOA. Females were tested with newborn pups for the onset of immediate retrieval,
      prepartum, at noon on day 21, at midnight of the day 21, and 1 day following
      parturition (which occurred on day 22). On the evening of parturition, implanted
      animals were tested with stimulus males for the occurrence of postpartum estrus.
      In order to examine the influence of estrogen on maternal behavior in the absence
      of parturitional experience, antiestrogen-implanted animals were delivered
      surgically (cesarean section) and were observed for the display of maternal
      behavior at various times after surgery. At noon of day 21, only a few animals in
      any group retrieved pups. However, 12 h later, females that received bilateral OH
      TAM implants into MPOA remained nonresponsive, while over 80% animals in other
      groups retrieved and gathered pups. The antiestrogen did not disrupt the display
      of postpartum maternal behavior in those females that were allowed to undergo
      normal parturition, but it significantly reduced the number of cesarean-delivered
      animals showing maternal behavior. Bilateral implants of OH-TAM into VMH, but not
      into MPOA, effectively blocked postpartum estrus. The MPOA implants of OH-TAM
      resulted in a significant reduction in cytoplasmic estrogen receptor levels and
      an increase in nuclear estrogen receptor concentrations. The results of these
      experiments lend support to the current hypothesis that estrogen acts most
      effectively in the MPOA to stimulate maternal behavior and in the VMH to
      facilitate sexual receptivity.

PMID- 3696384
TI  - Oxytocin responses to stress in lactating and hyperprolactinaemic rats.
AB  - The plasma oxytocin (OT) response to acute stress was compared between virgin,
      lactating, and hyperprolactinaemic female rats. In virgin rats, brief
      immobilization was associated with a significant elevation of plasma OT to 24.7
      +/- 3.7 pmol/l compared with 7.7 +/- 1.1 pmol/l in controls. In contrast, the
      stress response was absent in lactating (6 days post-partum) animals: control OT
      9.4 +/- 2.2, immobilized OT 9.0 +/- 1.1 pmol/l. Hyperprolactinaemia produced by
      treatment with either dopamine antagonists (domperidone or haloperidol) or ovine
      prolactin was also associated with an impairment of the OT stress response in
      intact females, whereas domperidone treatment failed to modify the response in
      ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Following ovarian steroid replacement with oestradiol
      and progesterone, the inhibitory effect of domperidone was observed in OVX rats:
      control OT 11.1 +/- 2.5, immobilized OT 16.0 +/- 3.7 pmol/l. Treatment of OVX
      rats with oestradiol and progesterone, either separately or combined, did not
      modify the OT stress response. Plasma levels of vasopressin were not
      significantly modified in either control or immobilized rats of any experimental
      groups. The results indicate that hyperprolactinaemia may be a causative factor
      in the impairment of OT stress responses observed in lactating rats.

PMID- 3696385
TI  - High concentrations of neuropeptide Y in pituitary portal blood of rats.
AB  - Pituitary portal blood was collected from urethane-anesthetized rats and examined
      for the presence of neuropeptide Y (NPY) using high-performance liquid
      chromatography and radioimmunoassay. Other rats were perfused with fixative, and
      coronal sections through the hypothalamus and median eminence were processed for
      immunohistochemical localization of NPY. Combined high-performance liquid
      chromatography and radioimmunoassay analysis of pituitary portal plasma and
      systemic plasma revealed a single peak of NPY immunoreactivity which corresponded
      in retention time to synthetic porcine NPY. Increasing amounts of portal or
      systemic plasma produced displacement curves which were parallel to the NPY
      standard curve. The concentration of NPY immunoreactivity in portal plasma (52.0
      +/- 4.0 ng/ml, mean +/- SEM) was three times greater (p less than 0.005) than in
      systemic plasma (16 +/- 4.5 ng/ml). NPY-labeled fibers were observed in the
      external zone of the median eminence in the vicinity of hypothalamo-hypophyseal
      portal vessels. The observation of significantly higher concentrations of NPY
      immunoreactivity in the portal plasma supports the hypothesis that NPY may be
      released from the hypothalamus to affect pituitary function.

PMID- 3696386
TI  - Catecholamine synthesizing enzyme activity in brainstem areas from victims of
      sudden infant death syndrome.
AB  - In order to investigate whether central catecholaminergic neurons are altered in
      sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), the activities of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase
      (DBH) and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT) were determined in nine
      brainstem areas from 19 victims of totally unexplained SIDS (tSIDS), 9 victims of
      partially unexplained SIDS (pSIDS) and 8 control infants. The distinction between
      tSIDS and pSIDS was made according to the results of the autopsy. They were
      totally negative for the tSIDS victims, while minor pathological alterations were
      found in pSIDS victims. In both tSIDS and pSIDS victims, the PNMT activity was
      significantly decreased in the medullary C2m and C21 areas and in the nucleus
      medullae oblongatae centralis. In the C21 area only DBH activity was decreased.
      Further, in the nucleus ambiguus PNMT activity was decreased in tSIDS, while DBH
      was lowered in pSIDS victims. No significant modifications were found in the
      areas from the dorso-lateral pons (locus coeruleus, Kolliker Fuse and
      parabrachialis nuclei). Thus, in the two groups of SIDS victims the capacity to
      synthesize adrenaline was decreased in some medullary areas. It is considered
      that these biochemical alterations are related to the abnormal central
      respiratory and arousal control, which is thought to be present in SIDS.

PMID- 3696387
TI  - Night-to-night variability of sleep respiratory pauses in normal infants.
AB  - Pneumograms have been recorded for several (6-14) consecutive nights in 11 normal
      children aged 1-257 days. They enabled to assess greater or equal to 5 seconds
      respiratory pauses. No statistical differences were found between the number of
      respiratory pauses per hour recorded during subsequent nights on each subject.
      Statistically significant (p less than 0.001) differences were found between the
      children either in the number of pauses or in their intervals. However, the
      experimental protocol does not allow to assess whether these discrepancies have a
      genetic, or maturational, or eventually an environmental origin.

PMID- 3696388
TI  - Diagnostic value of somatosensory evoked potentials as compared to neurological
      score, EEG and CT in infancy--a prospective study.
AB  - The present investigation was performed to check, whether additional Med-SEP
      (somatosensory evoked potentials after stimulation of the median nerve)
      registration is necessary in the clinical and laboratory work-up in
      neurologically abnormal infants. For this purpose 28 infants suspected to develop
      cerebral palsy underwent neurological, neurophysiological and radiological
      examination at the age of 1 to 10 months. They were prospectively followed-up to
      their second year of life. On follow-up examination 22 of them showed a
      pathological development. 12 of them developed cerebral palsy, 7 were moderately
      to severely retarded, one died of Leigh's disease, one developed Pelizaus
      Merzbacher disease, and one suffered from Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. Comparison of the
      findings in infancy and development led to the following conclusion: Med-SEP
      registration is a valuable contribution in the clinical diagnostic work-up of
      neurologically abnormal infants. Among 22 children developing neurodevelopmental
      sequelae there were 2 showing a relatively low neurological score in infancy, 5
      having normal EEG records and 4 with normal CT findings, but who could have been
      identified by Med-SEP alterations alone yet in infancy.

PMID- 3696389
TI  - Centronuclear myopathy in black African children--report of 4 cases.
AB  - Four African children with sporadically occurring centronuclear myopathy of the
      childhood form are described. Three were female. All had the characteristic
      clinical features of hypotonia, facial weakness, and external ophthalmoplegia.
      Muscle histology showed centrally placed nuclei in small type I fibres.

PMID- 3696390
TI  - Longitudinal determination of cerebral blood flow velocity in neonates with the
      Doppler technique.
AB  - Using the Doppler technique, we followed the postnatal changes of the cerebral
      blood flow velocity longitudinally. Pulsatility index (PI) was measured in 91
      neonates. In 26 normal term infants who were supine, PIs were initially raised
      (PI = 0.91 +/- 0.10), gradually falling over the first 12 hours after birth and
      remaining stable thereafter (PI = 0.78 +/- 0.05). PIs tended to be lower in
      neonates born by caesarean section but remained grossly within the normal range.
      Low birthweight infants showed high PIs during the first 12 hours after birth.
      Infants with a prone position showed a narrow standard deviation in PI soon after
      birth. There was a negative correlation between PI and the conceptional age and
      the coefficient of the correlation was 0.97156. The stage of active sleep,
      especially the REM period, was found to be an important factor which decreased
      the PI. We concluded that neonatal cerebral circulation significantly changes
      during the perinatal period and is affected by various physiological factors,
      especially sleep stages, the position of the infant and the conceptional age.

PMID- 3696391
TI  - Microsurgery of pineal region lesions in children.
AB  - Sixteen patients of the pediatric age group (mean age 6.9 years) harboring a
      tumorous, cystic or vascular mass lesion of the pineal region were evaluated for
      clinical, neuroradiological and microsurgical aspects. The heterogenous
      histological pattern of the lesions reflected various clinical signs and
      neuroradiological features. Computer assisted tomography and magnetic resonance
      imaging were the main neurodiagnostic tools, although angiography was an
      important complementary investigation in selected cases. Microsurgical approach
      and removal of the tumorous and cystic processes proved to be the rational
      treatment. Additional treatment such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy was
      performed in malignant processes upon a precise histological evaluation of the
      tumor specimen.

PMID- 3696392
TI  - Hypodipsia-hypernatremia postsurgery syndrome.

PMID- 3696393
TI  - Diagnostic potential of magnetic resonance in cases of foramen magnum
      meningiomas.
AB  - Meningioma is a histologically benign tumor that is second in frequency only to
      gliomas among primary intracranial tumors. Its extracerebral development and
      generally clear demarcation from the brain does not make it easier to detect on
      magnetic resonance (MR) scanning. Only 2 to 3% of meningiomas occur in the
      foramen magnum, and these tumors are often clinically misdiagnosed. We discuss
      four cases of foramen magnum meningioma, with emphasis on MR scanning.

PMID- 3696395
TI  - Influence of the rate of ventricular enlargement on the ultrastructural
      morphology of the white matter in experimental hydrocephalus.
AB  - The influence of the rate of ventricular enlargement on the morphology of
      hydrocephalic white matter was studied and correlated with previous studies of
      water content. Different rates of ventricular enlargement were obtained in two
      groups of cats by opening either the calvaria or the calvaria and the dura mater
      before injecting kaolin into the cisterna magna. Animals from each group
      underwent in vivo fixation of brain 2, 3, and 6 weeks after hydrocephalus was
      induced. Specimens of white matter were taken 1, 2, and 3 mm lateral to the
      ependymal surface of the lateral ventricles, imbedded, and examined using
      transmission electron microscopy. The ultrastructural changes associated with
      ventricular enlargement varied with the model used and the duration of
      hydrocephalus. Marked expansion of the extracellular space extending 2 mm lateral
      from the ependyma was found in the craniectomy-durectomy preparations examined 2
      to 3 weeks after kaolin injection. Time-matched craniectomy preparations had less
      enlargement of the extracellular space that was confined to the white matter
      immediately adjacent to the ventricle. Marked glial reaction was observed in
      these areas in the early craniectomy preparations. When studied 6 weeks after
      hydrocephalus induction, both models had less expansion of the extracellular
      spaces compared to early observations. Glial reaction was found in both models,
      but was greater in the craniectomy model. The correlation of these morphological
      findings with the rate of ventricular enlargement and earlier studies of water
      content are discussed.

PMID- 3696394
TI  - Factors affecting intellectual outcome in pediatric brain tumor patients.
AB  - A prospective study utilizing repeated intellectual testing was undertaken in 73
      children with brain tumors consecutively admitted to Childrens Hospital of Los
      Angeles over a 3-year period to determine the effect of tumor location, extent of
      surgical resection, hydrocephalus, age of the child, radiation therapy, and
      chemotherapy on cognitive outcome. Forty-three patients were followed for at
      least two sequential intellectual assessments and provide the data for this
      study. Children with hemispheric tumors had the most general cognitive
      impairment. The degree of tumor resection, adequately treated hydrocephalus, and
      chemotherapy had no bearing on intellectual outcome. Age of the child affected
      outcome mainly as it related to radiation. Whole brain radiation therapy was
      associated with cognitive decline. This was especially true in children below 7
      years of age, who experienced a very significant loss of function after whole
      brain radiation therapy.

PMID- 3696396
TI  - Neuropsychological function in patients after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
AB  - Neuropsychological testing of 48 patients who had undergone operation for
      subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) due to aneurysm was performed. Before this, the
      patients had their level of neurological recovery classified by neurosurgeons (37
      good outcome vs. 9 poor outcome). These clinical categories correlated well with
      the results of neuropsychological testing. The degree of psychological impairment
      was related to age. The mean duration between SAH and clipping of the ruptured
      aneurysm was 4.6 days (range, 1-16 days), and 59% had operations on or before Day
      3 post-SAH. Of the 37 patients with good neurological outcome, 26 patients had
      good neuropsychological outcome (no more than mild deficit). Poor
      neuropsychological outcome was associated with age and anterior communicating
      artery aneurysms. The incidence of significant neuropsychological deficit was
      considerably less than in previous reports, and possible explanations are
      discussed.

PMID- 3696397
TI  - Connective tissue analysis of the canine circle of Willis in hypertension.
AB  - The collagen and elastin contents of the major arterial components of the canine
      circle of Willis (basilar artery, posterior cerebral artery, internal carotid
      artery, middle cerebral artery, and anterior cerebral artery) were determined as
      measures of the passive mechanical properties of these vessels. Studies were
      carried out in seven normotensive dogs and seven dogs in which experimental renal
      hypertension of 3 months duration had been induced. In the normotensive animals,
      the collagen content of the middle cerebral artery exceeded that of the other
      vessels considered. The elastin content and the total connective tissue were not
      significantly affected by arterial site. The middle cerebral artery collagen to
      elastin ratio was greater than corresponding values for the basilar, posterior
      cerebral, and internal carotid arteries. Connective tissue differences were less
      pronounced in the hypertensive animals. No component of the canine circle of
      Willis in the hypertensive dogs showed a significantly different collagen
      content, elastin content, total connective tissue content, or collagen to elastin
      ratio. In comparing cerebral vessels from normotensive and hypertensive dogs,
      total connective tissue values were greater in hypertension for all arterial
      sites considered. These acute physiological changes in connective tissue content
      over small distances in intracranial blood vessels from normotensive animals,
      together with unique connective tissue responses of these vessels to short term
      hypertension, may suggest additional possible factors important in the natural
      history of cerebrovascular pathological conditions.

PMID- 3696398
TI  - Long term results of ruptured aneurysms treated by coating.
AB  - We report the long term results of the treatment of 23 intracranial ruptured
      aneurysms by coating. Twenty-three patients treated by coating were followed for
      a mean period of 11.2 years. The mean interval between the last hemorrhage and
      the operation was 22.4 days. Ten aneurysms underwent total coating, 9 with
      Biobond and 1 with Aron Alpha. Thirteen aneurysms underwent partial coating, 11
      with Biobond and 2 with Aron Alpha. Six aneurysms were reinforced partially by
      other materials, but no aneurysm was wrapped totally with these materials.
      Rebleeding occurred in 6 patients, of whom 5 died. The mean interval between
      coating and rebleeding was 4 years. All patients suffering rebleeding had been
      treated with Biobond, and 3 patients had undergone total coating of aneurysms.
      The risk of recurrent hemorrhage after total coating with Biobond was 33%. One
      rebleeding patient underwent a second operation 10.5 years after total coating of
      the aneurysm. Biobond was found only at the tip of the aneurysmal sac. From these
      results, reinforcement of ruptured aneurysms with Biobond seems to be of little
      value, and a more reliable method must be developed for aneurysms that cannot be
      clipped.

PMID- 3696399
TI  - Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage in young adults.
AB  - We evaluated 95 hospitalized patients (50 women and 45 men) aged 15 to 45 who had
      nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Aneurysmal SAH was identified in 75
      patients. Other causes for SAH were ruptured arteriovenous malformations (2
      cases), amphetamine arteritis (1 case), and leptomeningeal melanoma (1 case). The
      cause of SAH was undetermined in 16 (17%) patients. Thirteen patients had
      histories of hypertension, 5 used oral contraceptives, and 4 had consumed large
      quantities of alcohol during the day before SAH. Only 1 patient had Type I
      diabetes mellitus. Diagnosis was delayed in 21 patients. Operation was performed
      in 71 patients, with only 3 (4.2%) deaths. The overall mortality was 8.4% (8 of
      95), with all deaths due to neurological causes. Our data suggest that the
      overall management and surgical results of treatment of ruptured aneurysms in
      young adults are excellent, diabetes is rare among young adults with SAH, recent
      alcohol consumption does not seem to be a major factor predisposing to SAH in
      young adults, and misinterpretation of the early symptoms of SAH continues to be
      a serious problem.

PMID- 3696400
TI  - Effects of aortic occlusion on regional spinal cord blood flow and somatosensory
      evoked potentials in sheep.
AB  - Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were recorded continuously during aortic
      occlusion in sheep, with simultaneous measurement of spinal cord blood flow
      (SCBF) by radiolabeled microspheres. Aortic occlusion was associated with
      disappearance of the SEPs in seven of nine sheep in 7.8 +/- 4.1 (SD) minutes.
      SCBF at the time of initial cross clamping and 30 minutes after the onset of
      ischemia revealed a severe reduction in white and gray matter flow in the
      thoracolumbar cord. Release of the aortic clamp was associated with reactive
      hyperemia in these ischemic regions. In two animals, the SEP persisted during
      aortic cross clamping. The total SCBF in the thoracic and lumbar regions of these
      two animals exceeded 20 ml/100 g/min after 30 minutes of ischemia and was
      significantly greater than the flow recorded in sheep whose evoked response
      disappeared. The relation between spinal cord ischemia and evoked potential
      alterations is discussed in detail.

PMID- 3696401
TI  - Use of magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of metastatic spinal disease.
AB  - Spinal metastases are present in up to 10% of all cancer patients at some time
      during the course of their disease. Pain is the most common presenting symptom,
      and neurological function is usually normal at this early stage. The clinical
      challenge is to detect and treat the spinal disease before the onset of
      neurological compromise. Myelography has been the standard test for
      identification of epidural metastases, but the invasive nature of myelography
      carries inherent risk and produces patient discomfort. Magnetic resonance imaging
      (MRI) has been useful in the evaluation of other spinal diseases, is noninvasive,
      and is tolerated well by patients. We evaluated and compared MRI (64 studies in
      58 patients) to conventional studies (myelography, computed tomography, bone
      scanning, plain films) and determined its accuracy in diagnosis and efficacy in
      clinical decision making. MRI proved superior in detecting bone and epidural
      involvement by tumor and was valuable in clinical decision making. In addition,
      MRI provided better visualization of paravertebral soft tissue involvement by
      tumor. MRI is recommended as the initial study in patients with suspected
      metastatic spinal disease.

PMID- 3696402
TI  - Alterations in primary and coupled neck motions after facetectomy.
AB  - Normal neck motion is a complicated phenomenon. A primary motion results from an
      applied force or torque. Secondary coupled motions also result as a consequence
      of the primary motion. These resulting coupled motions were measured in isolated
      cervical motion segments using three-dimensional videophotogrammetry with a
      coordinate system fixed in space. A cross coupling algorithm provided error
      correction and conversion from local to true cartesian coordinates. The data were
      analyzed by computer, and the true coupled motions resulting from any applied
      force were obtained. A second group of specimens was facetectomized, and the
      experiments were repeated. After facetectomy, a moment about the anteroposterior
      axis resulted in marked reduction in lateral displacement, decrease in vertical
      displacement, and decrease in rotation about the vertical axis. Results were
      significant at P less than 0.01 and represent a significant decrease in coupled
      motions resulting from lateral bending. At P less than 0.05, a laterally applied
      force causes less lateral displacement and lateral flexion, but more longitudinal
      displacement. Flexion and extension movements are not significantly altered after
      facetectomy.

PMID- 3696404
TI  - Continuous recording of cerebral blood flow by means of a thermal diffusion
      method using a Peltier stack.
AB  - The thermal diffusion method is known to be effective for making quantitative
      measurements of blood flow, but cannot be easily applied to problems concerning
      quantitative changes in blood flow. Carter et al. found that the thermal
      diffusion technique using a Peltier stack as the probe produced extremely stable
      recordings and was suitable for quantitative work. We made a more stable probe
      containing an air space and having a stainless cap that added weight. A stable
      recording of blood flow was then possible. For calibration of the probe, we used
      blood flow values measured by means of an electrolytic technique and the equation
      proposed by Carter et al. In the present study, we have shown that it is
      theoretically possible to perform the calibration even without obtaining data on
      blood flow after cardiac arrest. Experimentally, the validity of such calibration
      was confirmed. This technique for measuring blood flow should be applicable in
      various fields and its use in a clinical setting, particularly in the monitoring
      of blood flow during neurosurgical operations, can be expected.

PMID- 3696403
TI  - Intracranial pressure in head-injured patients with various intracranial lesions
      is identical throughout the supratentorial intracranial compartment.
AB  - Subarachnoid pressure was measured by bifrontal catheterization to obtain
      concurrent comparative intracranial pressures (ICPs). These ICPs were compared in
      15 head-injured patients who had differences in the pathological processes
      affecting the right and left hemispheres. ICPs in these patients ranged from -3
      to 130 mm Hg, but no difference was found in the concurrent comparative ICPs.
      These findings suggest that the supratentorial space can generally be considered
      as one compartment regardless of the differences in types of intracranial
      lesions.

PMID- 3696405
TI  - Sequential in vivo measurement of cerebral intracellular metabolites with
      phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy during global cerebral ischemia and
      reperfusion in rats.
AB  - Phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance (31P MR) spectroscopy was used to obtain serial
      in vivo measurements of cerebral adenosine triphosphate (ATP), phosphocreatine
      (PCr), inorganic phosphate (Pi), and intracellular pH levels in rats during
      temporary global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Three groups of 4 rats each
      that recovered from permanent bilateral vertebral artery occlusion were placed in
      a MR spectrometer and subjected to remotely controlled bilateral carotid artery
      occlusion lasting 6, 15, or 30 minutes followed by 1 hour of reperfusion. Four
      additional rats that developed systemic hypotension (2 during a 6-minute
      occlusion and 2 during a 15-minute occlusion) were also studied. 31P MR spectra
      were obtained in each rat before, during, and after ischemia. Rats in which MR
      spectra showed metabolic recovery underwent a second occlusion followed by
      reperfusion and sacrifice. In the 12 normotensive rats, metabolic alterations
      began within 3 minutes after the onset of global ischemia. By the end of the
      occlusion period, cerebral ATP had decreased by 20 to 100% in 10 rats and PCr had
      decreased by 15 to 75% in all 12; Pi increased by 25 to 240%. The mean
      intracellular pH decreased from 7.33 to 6.9 +/- 0.6. The degree of metabolic
      deterioration during ischemia was not related to the duration of occlusion.
      During reperfusion, ATP, PCr, Pi, and intracellular pH returned to normal in 4
      rats; 5 rats had partial metabolic recovery, and 3 had minimal or transient
      metabolic recovery followed by progressive deterioration. All rats that developed
      systemic hypotension had a decrease in ATP, PCr, and intracellular pH and an
      increase in Pi during the initial occlusion. Each had transient partial recovery
      in ATP during reperfusion, and 2 had slight recovery of PCr. The onset of
      hypotension was followed by depletion of these metabolites, progressive increase
      in Pi, and progressive intracellular acidosis. All rats that deteriorated
      metabolically after reversal of carotid occlusion died by the end of the
      reperfusion period or soon after. The 8 rats that recovered from the first
      occlusion were subjected to a second period of ischemia, during which each rat
      showed severe depletion of metabolites. During the second reperfusion, only 1 rat
      showed significant metabolic recovery, which lasted only 30 minutes and was
      followed by progressive deterioration. Severe global cerebral ischemia was
      associated with a progressive decline in both ATP and PCr, whereas less complete
      ischemia seemed to be characterized by stabilization or recovery of ATP and
      continued depression of PCr.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3696406
TI  - Are flash-evoked visual potentials useful for intraoperative monitoring of visual
      pathway function?
AB  - Flash-evoked visual potentials (VEPs) recorded from the scalp were used in a
      series of 35 patients with tumors along the visual pathway: 3 orbital tumors, 25
      perisellar tumors, 4 intraventricular tumors, and 3 occipital lesions.
      Preoperatively, various combinations of impaired visual fields and visual acuity
      were observed in over 90% of the patients. A postoperative decrease in visual
      function was observed in 3 cases. Of the 25 perisellar lesions, 13 were operated
      through a standard frontotemporal craniotomy and 12 were operated through a
      transnasal-transsphenoidal approach. VEPs were highly susceptible to volatile
      anesthetics, and there was a significant incidence of spontaneous latency
      increases and amplitude decreases in a large number of patients. There was an
      unacceptably high number of cases with significant VEP alteration occurring
      without concomitant visual function change. During trepanation or the transnasal
      approach, a reversible potential loss was observed in 11 patients, a profoundly
      altered wave form was seen in 8 cases, and a loss of single peaks was observed in
      15 patients. During dissection of the tumor, a reversible potential loss or a
      potential with unidentifiable peaks was found in 25 cases; however, the VEPs
      recovered during closure or in the recovery room. There was no correlation
      between intraoperative VEP changes and the postoperative changes in visual
      function. In only 1 patient with an insignificant postoperative decrease in
      visual acuity from 0.4 to 0.3 was there a concomitant intraoperative potential
      loss. The major conclusion of our findings is that light-emitting diode flash
      evoked VEPs demonstrate intraoperative changes that appear too early and too
      prominently to be caused solely by manipulation of the optic pathways.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3696407
TI  - Unilateral exophthalmos caused by an invasive pituitary adenoma.
AB  - A case of pituitary adenoma associated with unilateral exophthalmos is reported.
      An intraorbital infiltrative tumor growth was verified by histopathological
      study. The mechanism of exophthalmos is discussed, and edema of the intraorbital
      tissue secondary to an inflammatory reaction or venous stasis associated with
      tumor cell infiltration is considered to be the cause of exophthalmos in this
      patient.

PMID- 3696408
TI  - Intrasellar tuberculoma: case report.
AB  - We report a unique case of exclusively intrasellar tuberculoma. The patient was
      operated on by the transsphenoidal approach, which allowed total removal of the
      lesion and prevented cerebrospinal fluid contamination. After histological
      diagnosis, the patient was treated with isoniazid, 300 mg daily for 3 months, as
      prophylaxis against tuberculous meningitis.

PMID- 3696409
TI  - Intraspinal tumors associated with hydrocephalus.
AB  - Three cases of intraspinal tumors associated with hydrocephalus were encountered
      and treated. This review includes 67 cases, including these 3 cases, and
      discusses the pitfalls associated with intraspinal tumors presenting with
      hydrocephalus. These tumors are not easily diagnosed, especially in cases where
      the chief complaint, due to hydrocephalus, is headache or dementia, and does not
      include back pain. Among the 67 cases reviewed, symptoms suggesting normal
      pressure hydrocephalus were particularly noticed in patients over 40 years old.
      In cases presenting with headaches or dementia, back pain corresponding to the
      tumor location may appear after a shunt operation or external ventricular
      drainage. This postoperative back pain is important in indicating the presence of
      an intraspinal tumor.

PMID- 3696411
TI  - Neurinoma of the trigeminal root presenting as atypical trigeminal neuralgia:
      diagnostic values of orbicularis oculi reflex and magnetic resonance imaging. A
      case report.
AB  - A case of trigeminal root neurinoma presenting as atypical trigeminal neuralgia
      was reported. The orbicularis oculi reflex was absent on the affected side, but
      reappeared after operation. The demonstration of the tumor was much clearer on
      magnetic resonance imaging. The usefulness of these electrophysiological and
      radiological studies in differentiating varied entities of trigeminal neuralgia
      is stressed.

PMID- 3696412
TI  - Down-beat nystagmus: case report with magnetic resonance imaging and surgical
      treatment.
AB  - A woman with down-beat nystagmus (DBN) underwent magnetic resonance imaging
      (MRI), which showed a syringomyelic cyst in the medulla. Surgical treatment of
      the cyst ended the abnormal eye movement. This case demonstrates the use of MRI
      for the diagnosis of DBN. It also shows the value of surgical treatment when a
      cyst is responsible for this symptom, as in Arnold-Chiari malformation.

PMID- 3696410
TI  - The abducted arm as a sign of ruptured cervical disc.
AB  - A helpful clinical sign of ruptured cervical disc is pain relief upon arm
      abduction. When the disease process is spondylosis with foraminal stenosis,
      changing arm position does not relieve pain. Anatomical considerations are
      discussed.

PMID- 3696413
TI  - Middle fossa facial schwannoma removed via the intracranial extradural approach:
      case report and review of the literature.
AB  - A case of an intracranial facial schwannoma originating from the geniculate
      ganglion in a patient without neurofibromatosis is presented. Preoperative
      diagnosis and determination of site of origin along the facial nerve course is
      stressed through analysis of radiographic and clinical features. The tumor was
      completely removed using an intracranial, extradural approach.

PMID- 3696414
TI  - Cerebrospinal rhinorrhea in a patient with a posterior cranial fossa tumor.
AB  - A rare case of a meningioma of the posterior margin of the petrous temporal bone
      associated with cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea is presented. After a careful
      review of the literature, the possible pathogenesis of the fistulous tract is
      discussed.

PMID- 3696415
TI  - Epidural lipomatosis simulating an epidural abscess: case report and literature
      review.
AB  - A case of epidural lipomatosis in a 49-year-old man presenting with paraparesis,
      midthoracic pain, and Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia is reported. The patient
      had been on low dose corticosteroid therapy for 7 years for rheumatoid arthritis.
      The clinical and myelographic findings suggested a diagnosis of epidural abscess,
      but the only abnormality discovered at operation was abundant fatty tissue in the
      dorsal epidural space significantly compressing the spinal cord, and this was
      partially removed. Postoperative neurological improvement suggested that the
      lipomatosis was responsible for the spinal cord compression and dysfunction. If
      this diagnosis had been suspected, it might have been confirmed by magnetic
      resonance imaging or postmyelography computed tomographic scanning. With such a
      diagnosis, an alternative treatment could have been to decrease the steroid dose,
      observe for clinical improvement, and perhaps avoid operation.

PMID- 3696416
TI  - Posterolateral extradural approach for total excision of lateral thoracic
      meningocele: technical report.
AB  - The author describes a posterolateral extradural approach for total excision of
      small to moderate symptomatic lateral thoracic meningoceles. Its advantages over
      the classical laminectomy, intradural repair, and thoracotomy excision are
      discussed.

PMID- 3696417
TI  - Usefulness of ceramic implants in neurosurgery.
AB  - The authors have designed various implants made of alumina ceramic for
      neurosurgical use. They were used for reconstruction of the sellar floor and
      orbital wall and for cranioplasty to repair bone defects in both the convexity
      and the suboccipital region. Burr hole and sphenoid buttons were made to prevent
      postoperative dents in the skin. A ceramic-silicon sponge was developed as a
      marker prosthesis for neurovascular decompression. There were no untoward side
      effects such as infection or rejection by recipient tissue in humans or dogs. The
      advantages and disadvantages of the material are discussed.

PMID- 3696418
TI  - Somatosensory evoked potentials after sequential extremity stimulation: a new
      method for improved monitoring accuracy.
AB  - A new method for improving the accuracy of somatosensory evoked potential (SEP)
      monitoring is described. Two extremities are stimulated at 5 Hz, with an
      interextremity stimulus interval of 100 ms. Information from a "control"
      extremity, such as an arm during scoliosis operation, may allow more rapid and
      accurate interpretation of changes in SEPs during intraoperative monitoring.

PMID- 3696419
TI  - Contralateral neuralgia as a false localizing sign.

PMID- 3696420
TI  - Third ventricular malignant meningioma.

PMID- 3696421
TI  - AIDS: a survey of nurses attitudes.

PMID- 3696422
TI  - [Total duodenal diversion with preservation of the pylorus in the treatment of
      duodeno-gastric reflux. Surgical technical note].

PMID- 3696423
TI  - [Irrigation-lavage of the intra- or retroperitoneal abscessed cavity with an
      electrolytic chloroxidizer. Experience in 4 cases].

PMID- 3696424
TI  - [Anatomo-radiographic and endoscopic discrepancies in gastric ulcer: why elective
      surgical treatment].

PMID- 3696425
TI  - [A case of acquired double pylorus after truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty].

PMID- 3696426
TI  - [Menetrier's disease and gastric cancer].

PMID- 3696427
TI  - [A case of Burkitt type malignant lymphoma of intestinal localization].

PMID- 3696428
TI  - [Indications and results of the surgical therapy of pulmonary metastasis].

PMID- 3696429
TI  - [Primary embryonal sarcoma of the liver. Presentation of a case].

PMID- 3696430
TI  - [Changes in platelet and leukocyte count after removal of the residual stump
      after splenic resection].

PMID- 3696432
TI  - [Dysphagia in oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy].

PMID- 3696431
TI  - [Clinical and prognostic differences between chronic pancreatitis on a base of
      alcoholism and that due to biliary lithiasis].

PMID- 3696433
TI  - [Surgical treatment of muscle hernias using dermal flaps].

PMID- 3696434
TI  - [Nondilatable esophageal stenosis in Barrett's esophagus: esophageal resection
      and continent intrathoracic esophagogastroplasty].

PMID- 3696435
TI  - [Gastroesophageal reflux disease].

PMID- 3696437
TI  - [Surgical treatment of postgastrectomy syndrome].

PMID- 3696436
TI  - [Surgical endoscopy of Vater's papilla and bile ducts].

PMID- 3696438
TI  - [Lipid emulsions and their effects].

PMID- 3696439
TI  - [Exfoliative cytology of the bile ducts using percutaneous transhepatic external
      drainage].

PMID- 3696440
TI  - [Lung resection in benign pathology].

PMID- 3696441
TI  - [Adenocarcinoma of the lung. Clinical and prognostic considerations].

PMID- 3696443
TI  - [The biological Ego. An introspective approach to the natural profile of man].
AB  - To adapt the model of an echosystem to man helps in defining his relationships
      within the environment in which he lives. To stress the profile of man as
      "biological Ego" allows a vision in which man is perceived as an organism with
      unique and unrepeatable immunogical characteristics.

PMID- 3696442
TI  - [Spinocellular carcinoma of the lung. Results of surgical treatment].

PMID- 3696445
TI  - [Echography in the study of thoracic pathology. II-- Guided biopsy].
AB  - The usefulness of ultrasonic studies for guiding the needle during biopsy of
      solid lesions or evacuation of saccate effusions and empyemas. Is a explained
      possible diagnostic protocol is then proposed which includes the ultrasonic
      examination in the diagnostic approach to parietal, mediastinic or diaphragmatic
      lesions.

PMID- 3696444
TI  - [Influence of high environmental temperature on various parameters of blood
      coagulation in healthy subjects and in thrombosis risk patients].
AB  - The effects of environmental hyperthermia (exposure to a hot, dry microclimate)
      on the human body were investigated with particular reference to certain clotting
      parameters in healthy subjects and patients at risk of thrombosis. The study
      covered 70 volunteers, 10 of them clinically healthy (6 males and 4 females) aged
      37.7 +/- 9.7 and 60 patients at risk of thrombosis aged 18-60 and divided
      according to pathology as follows: 26 with ischaemic cardiopathy, 22 with
      metabolic disorders (12 diabetics, 8 with dyslipidaemia, 2 with hyperuricaemia)
      and 12 with obliterating arteriopathies of the lower extremities (Fontaine stage
      2 and 3). The following standardised protocol was adopted: 2 hours exposure in a
      controlled climate chamber (40 degrees C, 40-50% humidity, standard air speed 4
      m/min, barometric pressure 760 mmHg) for a total of 8 exposures (2 per week for 1
      month). This approach was adopted in order to assess not only the effect of each
      single exposure but also the role of any adaptation to heat. Three blood samples
      were taken from each subject for each session: the first in basal conditions in a
      comfortable environment, the second at the end of the 2 hour exposure; the third
      30 minutes after the end of the session. Simultaneously samples of arterial blood
      were taken for pH assays and a spleen echography was performed in basal
      conditions and at the end of the session for each subject. Each blood sample was
      tested for several parameters essentially attributable to blood concentration for
      a broader view of the biological effects of exposure to heart (Ht, blood protein,
      Nat, K+). The clotting factors under specific study were also assessed (platelet
      count and volume, beta-thromboglobulin, PF4, von Willebrand Factor VIII,
      thromboxane B2, fibronectin). Body weight, blood pressure and oral temperature
      were also measured in all subjects before and after each session. In all subjects
      both healthy and at risk of thrombosis oral temperature increased (1 +/- 0.4
      degrees); on average blood pressure was already higher in basal conditions in the
      patient group; body weight fell by 900 +/- 120 G in both groups. Ht and blood
      protein increased significantly in both groups while electrolyte changes were
      insignificant and blood pH showed a tendency towards acidosis. Clotting
      parameters revealed a tendency towards thrombophilia in all subjects: platelet
      count and volume were already higher in the patient group in basal conditions and
      increased after exposure to hyperthermia. Beta-thromboglobulin, FP4, Factor VIII,
      thromboxane B2 and fibronectin all increased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3696446
TI  - [Perennial allergic rhinitis. Prophylaxis of acute episodes using thymomodulin].
AB  - The therapeutical effectiveness of a calf thymic derivative (thymomodulin),
      orally administrable, in patients suffering from perennial allergic rhinitis is
      described. The use of thymomodulin for 4 months at the dosage of 120 mg daily in
      20 patients significantly reduced (p less than 0.001), if compared with the
      previous year, the monthly mean frequency of allergic episodes. Also objective
      symptoms improved (p less than 0.05). The clinical course was associated with the
      normalization of IgE plasmatic levels (p less than 0.001) and consequently the
      mean of RAST and PRICK tests scores decreased (p less than 0.001). Eosinophil
      count was significantly reduced (p less than 0.001), while IgG serum levels were
      increased (p less than 0.02).

PMID- 3696447
TI  - [Contact sensitization in eczema of the hands].
AB  - A personal series of patients with eczema on the hands arising in non
      occupational conditions was examined (students, housewives, clerical workers,
      teachers, farm labourers). The data obtained indicate the presence of allergic
      sensitisation in 70% of the cases and especially among females (3 : 1). The most
      frequently encountered allergens were difenylguanadine (used in rubber
      manufacture) and nickel. It is therefore suggested that patch tests should be
      performed immediately on these patients so that contact with allergen can be
      prevented in addition to the usual topical treatment.

PMID- 3696448
TI  - [A case of giant lumbar neurinoma].
AB  - A rare case of a giant extradural neurinoma of the IV lumbar root with an
      anterior development and a soft neurological picture is reported. The Authors
      stress the important role of CT both in the neurinoma diagnosis and in the
      correct preoperative evaluation of its extension and its relationship with
      contiguous organs.

PMID- 3696449
TI  - [Methyl-ter-butyl ether (MTBE) therapy of cholesterol biliary calculosis. First
      long-term controls (up to 22 months)].
AB  - The results and clinical and instrumental examinations of 12 patients at least 6
      months after MTBE treatment for cholesterine biliary calculosis are presented. No
      recurrence of stones or alterations to the biliary ways or duodenal mucosa
      attributable to MTBE were encountered.

PMID- 3696450
TI  - [Platelet aggregation in whole blood and thromboxane B2 in type II and IV
      hyperlipidemia].
AB  - Platelets play an essential role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis; by
      impedance method we valued in whole blood platelet aggregation induced by
      collagen in 40 healthy subjects and in 40 type II and type IV hyperlipemic
      subjects. Meanwhile by radioimmunoassay we dosed thromboxane B2, a stable product
      of thromboxane A2, released by platelets during activation, in 7 healthy subjects
      and 25 hyperlipemic subjects. The statistical investigation put in evidence that
      at higher plasmatic levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL correspond a
      greater platelet sensitivity to the aggregating agent, while the opposite happens
      to higher levels of HDL. The dosage of thromboxane B2 put in evidence a moderate
      increase in hyperlipemic as to healthy subjects, probably pointing to a state of
      platelet activity.

PMID- 3696451
TI  - [Changes in the levels of serum zinc in chronic hepatopathy].
AB  - Serum zinc levels were investigated in patients with chronic liver diseases and
      in control subjects. The results shows that serum zinc was significantly
      decreased in patients with chronic liver diseases, in contrast to controls. Zinc
      deficiency seems to be related to hepatic injury and not to alcoholic intake.

PMID- 3696452
TI  - [Caudal radiography versus computerized axial tomography in the diagnosis of
      lumbosacral radiculitis].
AB  - The advantages and disadvantages of caudoradiography and computed tomography in
      the diagnosis of compressive sciatic radiculitis are compared. With this in mind,
      the data on 103 patients admitted to Giaveno Hospital in 1986-1987 are analysed.
      In this series 99 were subjected to CAT scans, 21 to caudoradiculography (7 to
      both examinations) and 41 to surgery. Apart from revealing the advantages and
      defects of the two techniques, the results confirm the preference for CAT
      expressed elsewhere in the literature.

PMID- 3696453
TI  - [Rheumatoid factors, C-reactive protein and circulating immunocomplexes: laser
      nephelometric determination using the latex aggregation method. Preliminary
      evaluation in rheumatoid arthritis].
AB  - C-reactive protein and rheumatoid factor assays are relevant laboratory
      parameters, among the most used in the clinical practice, being very useful in
      diagnosing and "monitoring" rheumatic diseases. A quantitative test to detect
      these two serum proteins is an important, more specific, new tool for clinical
      medicine. In our study we evaluated two new laser nephelometric assays, both
      quantitative, based on the agglutination of polystyrene latex particles, able to
      show serum concentration of CRP and RF. With a similar technique we tested the
      presence of circulating immune complexes. We performed our tests in a group of
      patients with rheumatoid arthritis, other autoimmune diseases, and healthy blood
      bank donors assaying simultaneously, whenever possible, the "classic" Rose-Waaler
      and RA tests. We found both methods easy to perform, well correlating with the
      semi-quantitative techniques and highly reproducible.

PMID- 3696454
TI  - [Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the breast. Description of a case].
AB  - A 65 year old female was admitted to Somma Lombardo Hospital (VA) for a growing
      mass in the right breast. Histology revealed a diffuse lymphocytic well
      differentiated lymphoma. Malignant lymphoma primarily involving the breast is
      unusual, and its incidence is only 0.05% to 1.1% of all breast malignancies.

PMID- 3696455
TI  - Create your own financial team.

PMID- 3696456
TI  - Massive hemorrhage in trauma. The initial assessment, treatment, and monitoring.

PMID- 3696457
TI  - Accuracy of Viaflex container graduation marks.

PMID- 3696458
TI  - Normal saline flush versus dilute heparin flush. A study of peripheral
      intermittent i.v. devices.

PMID- 3696459
TI  - Declotting central venous catheters with urokinase in the home by nurse
      clinicians.

PMID- 3696460
TI  - Coordinated home care: the vital link.

PMID- 3696461
TI  - Low-threshold calcium electrogenesis in neocortical neurons.
AB  - In slices of parietal neocortex, evidence was obtained for the existence of a low
      threshold Ca2+ conductance in most neurons. This conductance became apparent when
      resting membrane potential was held below -60 mV by continuously injected,
      depolarizing current. Under these conditions, brief hyperpolarizing pulses were
      followed by generation of tetrodotoxin (TTX)-resistant, Mn2+-sensitive, low
      threshold spikes. The results suggest that in neocortex, as in many subcortical
      structures, low-threshold Ca current may be responsible for burst generation in
      some neurons.

PMID- 3696462
TI  - Autoradiographic localization of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in visual areas
      of cat brain: variations in sensitivity of N-[3H]methylscopolamine binding sites
      to carbachol and pirenzepine.
AB  - The distribution of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (MChRs) was studied in
      visual areas of cat brain using in vitro quantitative autoradiography with 1 nM N
      [3H]methylscopolamine ([3H]NMS) as a radioligand. The highest density of [3H]NMS
      binding was observed in lamina A of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and in
      layer II/III of the visual cortex. The lowest binding was seen in the stratum
      griseum intermediale of the superior colliculus (SC). The comparison of
      inhibition of [3H]NMS binding by 100 microM carbachol and 300 nM pirenzepine
      showed that the SC and LGN contain predominantly M2 sites. M1 sites constitute
      the main population of MChRs in the cortical areas studied.

PMID- 3696463
TI  - Two types of relaxation due to capsaicin in the guinea pig isolated ileum.
AB  - The relaxant effect of capsaicin was investigated on isolated segments of guinea
      pig ileum precontracted by histamine. Two types of relaxation could be
      distinguished. Low concentrations of capsaicin (0.033-3.3 microM) caused partial
      relaxation (type I) which was prevented by in vitro desensitization to capsaicin
      or by extrinsic denervation and reduced by tachyphylaxis to calcitonin gene
      related peptide. At higher concentrations (10-100 microM) capsaicin caused
      relaxation (type II) to the baseline; this effect was insensitive to capsaicin
      desensitization or extrinsic denervation. Neither type of relaxation was
      inhibited by tetrodotoxin or by alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor antagonists. We
      suggest that type I relaxation results from a specific effect of capsaicin on
      extrinsic sensory neurones of the gut while type II represents a non-specific
      smooth muscle depressant effect. Intrinsic enteric neurones are not involved in
      these effects.

PMID- 3696464
TI  - Incidence of morphine withdrawal and quasi-abstinence syndrome in a model of
      chronic pain in the rat.
AB  - The development of tolerance to and dependence on morphine was studied in a model
      of experimental chronic pain in the rat (Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis).
      Animals were rendered tolerant by subcutaneous implantation of 3 pellets of 75 mg
      morphine base each. Those pain-suffering rats developed tolerance to the
      analgesic effect of the alkaloid at a slower rate than control animals. Moreover,
      upon treatment with naloxone, these morphine-tolerant-dependent rats from the
      model, showed a lower incidence of several withdrawal symptoms, particularly
      jumping, chattering, ptosis, writhing, body shakes and squeaking on touch. These
      findings suggest that animals suffering from chronic pain present an altered
      physiological response to the continuous inhibitory effect of exogenous opioids.
      These differences do not seem to involve cAMP mediated mechanisms since 3
      isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) administration did not distinguish between
      control and arthritic rats.

PMID- 3696465
TI  - Capsaicin and blood-brain barrier permeability.
AB  - The influence of perivascular sensory afferent nerve fibres upon the permeability
      of the blood-brain barrier was examined in halothane-anaesthetised rats. Blood
      brain barrier permeability was assessed by the rate of transfer of the small
      neutral amino acid, [14C]alpha-aminoisobutyric acid, from blood to brain and by
      gross extravasation of Evans blue albumin. In every brain area examined, the
      acute administration of capsaicin (0.15-5 mumol/kg, i.v.) failed to alter
      significantly the passage into the brain of the small neutral amino acid tracer
      or to effect dye extravasation. Capsaicin, at concentrations which cause the
      release of vasoactive neuropeptides from nerve endings and increase vascular
      permeability in peripheral tissues, does not increase the permeability of the
      blood-brain barrier.

PMID- 3696466
TI  - Absence of a nocturnal rise in either norepinephrine, N-acetyltransferase,
      hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase or melatonin in the pineal gland of the
      domestic pig kept under natural environment photoperiods.
AB  - Castrated male and intact female pigs were kept under natural photoperiodic and
      temperature conditions and were killed over a 24 h period in either May (under
      long days) or in December (under short days). Neither the pineal norepinephrine
      (NE) concentration nor the melatonin content rose at night; likewise, neither the
      activities of N-acetyltransferase (NAT) nor hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase
      (HIOMT) increased during darkness. In May pineal melatonin content actually
      decreased (P less than 0.05) at night while in December NAT activity fell (P less
      than 0.05) at night. Daytime levels of each of these variables were equivalent to
      those measured in other species. The absence of a nocturnal increase in pineal
      melatonin production in either May or December raises the possibility that pineal
      melatonin may be involved in regulating seasonal breeding in the pig in a manner
      different from other mammals. Alternatively, pineal melatonin production may be
      unrelated to seasonal reproduction in the pig.

PMID- 3696467
TI  - Two classes of sympathetic nerves with different dopa decarboxylase
      immunoreactivities exist in dog vas deferens.
AB  - To determine whether dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) decarboxylase (DDC) activity
      in the terminal regions of noradrenergic axons varies with axonal length, we
      compared the pattern of immunohistochemical staining for DDC in the 'short'
      terminal nerves of dog vas deferens with that in the 'long' nerves of spleen and
      atrium. The terminal nerves supplying the muscular coats of the vas deferens
      were, like those in spleen and heart, devoid of DDC immunoreactivity. The
      presence of this enzyme is therefore not characteristic of either short or long
      noradrenergic axons, in support of previous evidence that it is a specific marker
      for dopaminergic terminal nerves. Many axons supplying the mucosal epithelial
      cells in the vas deferens were DDC-positive, suggesting the existence of a
      dopaminergic innervation.

PMID- 3696468
TI  - Putative gliotoxin, alpha-aminoadipic acid, fails to kill hippocampal astrocytes
      in vivo.
AB  - The putative gliotoxic compound, alpha-aminoadipic acid (AAA), has previously
      been reported to be a glial-selective toxin exerting its effects both in vivo and
      in vitro. This study sought to examine the effects of this compound on adult rat
      hippocampal astrocytes in vivo. Fourteen adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were
      injected with high concentrations of either the L-isomer or the racemic mixture
      of AAA into the dorsal hippocampal formation or corpus striatum. The animals were
      allowed to survive for times ranging from 4 to 48 h and the possible toxicity of
      the acid on astrocytes was monitored by glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)
      immunocytochemistry. In every case, the GFAP-positive cells at the level of the
      injection site appeared identical, both in morphology and cell density, to
      control preparations. Based on our results, we conclude that AAA is not toxic to
      adult rat hippocampal astrocytes in vivo, nor could we confirm previous reports
      of toxicity to striatal astrocytes.

PMID- 3696469
TI  - Cocaine self-administration in rats influenced by environmental conditions:
      implications for the etiology of drug abuse.
AB  - The present study investigated the possibility of environmental factors as an
      explanation for between-subject differences in cocaine self-administration.
      Weaning rats (21 days) were housed in isolated or aggregated conditions for 6
      weeks and were tested for intravenous cocaine self-administration (0.1-1.0
      mg/kg/infusion). Rats housed in groups failed to reliably self-administer this
      drug whereas isolated rats readily acquired an operant to receive infusions of
      cocaine. These data suggest that environmental factors play a major role in
      determining individual differences in the propensity to self-administer cocaine
      and that, as such, they should be considered more seriously by those interested
      in the basis and treatment of drug abuse.

PMID- 3696470
TI  - The preparation of highly purified GABAergic and cholinergic synaptosomes from
      mammalian brain.
AB  - Highly purified and metabolically viable gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic and
      cholinergic synaptosomes were prepared from mammalian brain using antisera raised
      against glutamate decarboxylase and choline acetyltransferase respectively. These
      antisera appear to recognise specific outwardly facing components of GABAergic
      and cholinergic synaptic plasma membranes, as well as the specific
      neurotransmitter-synthesizing enzymes contained within the particular nerve
      terminal. After cell surface labelling had occurred, synaptosomes were incubated
      with magnetic microspheres which had previously been coupled with protein A.
      Labelled synaptosomes were then retrievable in a magnetic field. This separation
      technique allowed mg quantities of purified-synaptosomes to be prepared which
      contained less than 2% non-specific contaminants.

PMID- 3696471
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to monkey brain choline acetyltransferase: production and
      immunohistochemistry.
AB  - Two monoclonal antibodies to monkey brain choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) were
      obtained. Immunoblot analysis indicated that both antibodies revealed two
      adjacent protein bands on a sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. ChAT was demonstrated immunohistochemically by one of the
      antibodies in the motoneurons in the monkey brainstem and spinal cord. This
      antibody also revealed ChAT-positive terminal-like structures in the neuropils of
      lamina IX of the cervical spinal cord and interpeduncular nucleus.

PMID- 3696472
TI  - Melatonin inhibits metabolic activity in the rat suprachiasmatic nuclei.
AB  - The pineal hormone melatonin has been implicated in the regulation of circadian
      rhythms and in photoperiodic control of reproduction. The effects of melatonin
      require the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a principal pacemaker
      controlling circadian rhythms. To determine whether SCN activity was directly
      affected by exogenous melatonin, rats received either melatonin or saline
      injections 15 min before administration of 2-deoxy-[1-14C]glucose (2-DG) at two
      times of day, circadian time (CT) 10 and CT14, and the brains of these rats were
      processed for autoradiographic determination of 2-DG uptake within the SCN. We
      report that SCN 2-DG uptake was inhibited by melatonin at CT10, when 2-DG uptake
      is normally high, and unaffected at CT14, when 2-DG uptake is normally low. This
      indicates that the SCN may be neural substrates through which melatonin exerts at
      least some of its effects on mammalian physiology.

PMID- 3696473
TI  - Neurotensin-immunoreactive neurons in the ventral striatum of the adult rat:
      ventromedial caudate-putamen, nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle.
AB  - Sections through rat striatum pretreated with colchicine displayed large numbers
      of neurotensin (NT)-immunoreactive (IR) neurons which were most concentrated in
      the ventral striatum, i.e. in rostral ventromedial parts of the caudate-putamen
      and in the nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle. Such neurons were clustered
      coextensively in the ventromedial caudate-putamen and caudal nucleus accumbens
      with dense patches of NT-IR fiber and puncta staining. NT-IR neurons were
      sparsely distributed in other parts of the striatum, except in a thin lamina
      adjacent to the lateral ventricle and globus pallidus, and along the course of
      the temporal limb of the anterior commissure.

PMID- 3696474
TI  - Intraspinal sprouting of rat primary afferents after deafferentation.
AB  - To test intraspinal sprouting of primary afferent fibers, unilateral chronic,
      followed by contralateral acute, dorsal rhizotomies were done 3 segments above
      and below a spared segment (T9) in rats. Following perfusion with 4%
      paraformaldehyde, T9 spinal cord segments were frozen, sectioned and reacted by a
      modified Gomori procedure for fluoride-resistant acid phosphatase (FRAP) enzyme
      activity, a marker for primary afferent terminals. As determined by light
      microscopy, there was greater and extended FRAP reaction product in laminae I and
      II on the chronically denervated side than on the contralateral acutely
      denervated side. These data support the hypothesis of axonal sprouting and
      synaptogenesis of primary afferent fibers after spinal cord deafferentation.

PMID- 3696475
TI  - Morphology of the Mauthner axon inhibitory system in tench (Tinca tinca L.)
      spinal cord.
AB  - Using ultrastructural features as a natural tracer we identified a commissural
      interneuron in the tench (Tinca tinca L.) spinal cord with the following
      characteristics: (1) the unipolar cell soma is located 100-150 micron dorsal from
      the central canal, the frequency of its occurrence being one cell on each side
      per spinal cord segment; (2) the first node of Ranvier of its axon is connected
      to a presynaptic branch of the ipsilateral Mauthner axon via gap junctions; (3)
      its postsynaptic targets are contralateral moto- and interneurons; (4) its
      terminal boutons contain f-type vesicles and form Gray-type-2 synapses abut on
      the initial segment or node of Ranvier of these target neurons distal to the
      input site of monosynaptic excitatory links from the contralateral Mauthner axon.
      Thus, it appears that this segmental interneuron may provide the structural basis
      for the well-known mutual crossed inhibition within the spinal circuit of
      Mauthner axons.

PMID- 3696476
TI  - Autoradiographic localization of adenosine A1 receptors in rat brain using
      [3H]XCC, a functionalized congener of 1,3-dipropylxanthine.
AB  - Quantitative autoradiography was used to visualize the anatomical distribution of
      adenosine receptors labeled by the carboxylic acid congener of 1,3
      dipropylxanthine, [3H](8-(p-carboxymethyloxy)phenyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine)([3H]XCC
      ) in the rat brain. [3H]XCC was observed to specifically bind to rat brain
      sagittal sections in a heterogeneous pattern. Saturation experiments revealed
      that [3H]XCC binds with nanomolar affinity to 20-microns frozen tissue sections
      with the highest binding densities occurring in the hippocampus and cerebellum.
      Both the binding characteristics and regional receptor distribution obtained with
      [3H]XCC demonstrate the potential usefulness of this new ligand in the study of
      adenosine A1 receptors.

PMID- 3696477
TI  - Serotonergic axons form basket-like terminals in cerebral cortex.
AB  - Serotonergic axons in the posterior cerebral cortex of the cat were demonstrated
      immunohistochemically using a monoclonal antibody to serotonin (5-HT). This
      technique reveals the presence of a dense serotonergic innervation of single
      cortical neurons at the light microscopic level. 5-HT axons with large
      varicosities (1-6 microns in diameter) form distinct, basket-like arrays around
      counterstained somata principally in layer I. In each basket one or more axons
      encircle and make repeated contact with the soma. Some axons extend from the soma
      and apparently climb along the dendrites of the target neuron. The climbing 5-HT
      axons form a stellate or horizontal pattern suggesting that the target cells are
      non-pyramidal neurons of the supragranular layers.

PMID- 3696478
TI  - The differential ascending projections from the anterior, central and posterior
      regions of the lateral hypothalamic area: an autoradiographic study.
AB  - The ascending efferent projections of the neurons of the anterior (LHAa), central
      (LHAc) and posterior (LHAp) parts of the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) have
      been studied using an autoradiographic analysis of the anterograde axonal
      transport after local injection of tritiated amino acids. Our results show that
      LHA regions have common projections particularly to the thalamus and to the
      hypothalamus. They also demonstrate the existence of differential projections:
      i.e. an anteroposterior gradient of projection sites according to anterior,
      central and posterior localisation of the LHA neurons. The LHAa neuronal
      projections terminate in the lateral septal area; the LHAc projections innervate
      the frontal cortex while LHAp neurons send their projections to the olfactory
      bulb and innervate both the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus. Only the LHAp
      neurons project measurably to the globus pallidus, the caudate putamen and the
      nucleus accumbens.

PMID- 3696479
TI  - Bovine brain factor promotes neurite extension from chick embryo dorsal root
      ganglia in vitro.
AB  - A protein with neurite-stimulating activity was isolated from bovine brain tissue
      lysosomal fraction. The organotypic culture of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of 10-11
      day-old chick embryo was used to test neurite-stimulating activity. A cation
      protein (16,000 Da) has been purified using a combination of extraction of acid
      soluble proteins, preparative electrophoresis, and affinity chromatography on
      heparin-sepharose. This protein is active at 2-4 ng/ml inducing extensive neurite
      outgrowth in this bioassay compared to the control one. Many properties
      distinguish this factor from other known neuronotrophic factors.

PMID- 3696480
TI  - Involvement of sialic acid in high-affinity uptake of dopamine by synaptosomes
      from rat brain.
AB  - The high-affinity, sodium-dependent uptake of dopamine (DA) was inhibited by the
      pretreatment of synaptosomes with neuraminidase from Vibrio cholerae. The
      inhibition was of a non-competitive type, resulting in a 40% decrease of Vmax.
      Neither basal nor depolarization-stimulated release of DA was affected. Treatment
      of synaptosomes with neuraminidase caused a 48% loss of sialic acid from the
      lipid-bound pool and a 80% decrease in the protein-bound fraction. The inhibition
      of DA uptake was found to be related linearly to the loss of sialic acid from the
      protein pool. It is postulated that a sialic acid moiety is involved in DA
      transport across the synaptosomal membrane.

PMID- 3696481
TI  - The binding site for alpha-bungarotoxin resides in the sequence 188-201 of the
      alpha-subunit of acetylcholine receptor: structure, conformation and binding
      characteristics of peptide [Lys] 188-201.
AB  - In order to study where the binding site of cholinergic agents is in the sequence
      of the alpha-subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR), we have
      synthetized 3 peptides with an amino acid sequence corresponding to the following
      sequences of the alpha-subunit of Torpedo californica AChR: 125-143, 158-167,
      [Lys] 188-201. For binding studies the peptides were immobilized on Sepharose 4B.
      Only the peptide [Lys] 188-201 binds 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-Bgtx) with Kd
      of 1.03 microM. The binding of 125I-alpha-Bgtx to the peptide is reduced by 85%
      after reduction of the S-S bridge present between 192-193 cysteines indicating
      that an intact disulfide bond is important for toxin binding. The 125I-alpha-Bgtx
      binding is inhibited by curare, decamethonium, hexamethonium but not by
      carbamylcholine and Naja naja siamensis alpha-toxin and P15 toxin. All these data
      provide direct evidence that the sequence 188-201 of the alpha-subunit of AChR
      binds alpha-Bgtx and that this binding has a pharmacological profile similar to
      that of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.

PMID- 3696482
TI  - Activation of unmyelinated afferents in chronically lesioned nerves by adrenaline
      and excitation of sympathetic efferents in the cat.
AB  - Neuroma-in-continuity was experimentally produced in cats by suturing the
      proximal stump of a transected hindlimb cutaneous nerve to the distal stump of
      the transected tibial nerve. Eleven to 20 months afterwards single non-myelinated
      fibres were identified by electrical recording from filaments of the nerves
      proximally from the neuroma. When tested with repetitive electrical stimulation
      of the lumbar sympathetic trunk (LST) or i.v. injections of adrenaline, C-fibres
      in 14 out of 30 filaments were excited by at least one of these stimuli (12 by
      adrenaline, 7 by stimulation of LST). The fibres responding to LST stimulation
      were already substantially excited by low frequency stimulation (1-2 Hz). During
      systemic hypoxia known to result in reflex increases of efferent sympathetic
      activity responses were elicited in 4 out of 6 C-fibres. Thus, stimuli simulating
      physiological conditions of sympathetic activity can excite afferent C-fibres in
      a chronically lesioned nerve.

PMID- 3696483
TI  - Excitability of the human motor cortex is enhanced during REM sleep.
AB  - A conspicuous feature of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is atonia of postural
      muscles due to a powerful brainstem inhibitory effect on spinal motoneurones.
      However, small myoclonic jerks occur during REM sleep and increased activity of
      cortical neurones is suggested by the EEG. Transcranial cortical stimulation with
      magnetic pulses has been used to investigate motor excitability during sleep in
      man. Motor responses were evoked during sleep using stimuli identical to those
      used in wakefulness. Response amplitudes were depressed during slow wave sleep
      (SWS) and enhanced or the same during REM sleep. These findings suggest that the
      susceptibility of the human motor cortex to stimulation is enhanced during REM
      sleep.

PMID- 3696484
TI  - Lipid changes of astrocytes from mouse cerebellum cultured in lipid-free
      chemically defined medium and in serum-supplemented medium.
AB  - Astrocytes of mouse cerebellum were grown in chemically defined medium for 14
      days, subcultivated and grown in serum-containing medium for up to 14 days. After
      14 days in defined medium the cells showed fatty degeneration from which they
      recovered histologically and chemically after one week in serum-supplemented
      medium. At this point 99% of the cells were glial fibrillary acidic protein
      positive and synthesized phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine and
      bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate besides other phospholipids.

PMID- 3696486
TI  - Cysteine sulfinate modulated calcium permeability in synaptosomes from rat brain.
AB  - Cysteine sulfinate (CSA) was shown to increase 45Ca2+ permeability of plasma
      membrane of synaptosomes isolated from rat brain. The 45Ca2+ enter through a
      system which has properties different from those of voltage dependent Ca2+
      channels or Na+/Ca2+ exchange. The effect of CSA appeared to be mediated by
      highly specific receptors saturable by ligand. The high concentrations of CSA
      required (mM) suggest this amino acid is not the physiological agonist for the
      receptors.

PMID- 3696485
TI  - Changes of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactivity in
      cerebrovascular nerve fibers after cervical sympathectomy in the dog.
AB  - The presence of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactivity (VIP-LI)
      was confirmed in many neuronal perikarya of the superior cervical ganglion (SCG),
      as well as in many perivascular nerve fibers of the major cerebral arteries in
      the dog. After bilateral extirpation of the SCG, VIP-LI was decreased markedly in
      the basilar artery and the posterior cerebral artery, and moderately in the
      middle and anterior cerebral arteries.

PMID- 3696487
TI  - Representation of tooth pulp in the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus and the
      trigeminal ganglion in the cat, as revealed by retrogradely transported
      horseradish peroxidase.
AB  - Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injection into the tooth pulp of the left lower
      canine in 4 adult cats resulted in labeling a maximal number of nerve cell bodies
      of 45 and 149 ipsilaterally in the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (MTN) and
      trigeminal ganglion (TG), respectively. In a cat subjected to HRP application to
      the same canine and subsequent 3 posterior teeth, the respective numbers of
      labeled neurons in MTN and TG were increased to 92 and 933, respectively.

PMID- 3696488
TI  - The innervation density of serotonergic (5-HT) fibers varies in different
      subdivisions of the cat lateral geniculate nucleus complex.
AB  - The innervation density of serotonin (5-HT)-immunoreactive fibers, identified
      using an antibody to 5-HT, was found to differ in the 4 subdivisions of the cat
      lateral geniculate nucleus complex (LGN). The mean density (fiber length per unit
      area) of anti-5-HT-stained fibers was highest in the ventral LGN (0.062 micron
      per micron 2), moderate in the medial interlaminar nucleus (MIN) and the
      parvicellular C laminae of the dorsal LGN (0.039-0.040 per micron 2), and lowest
      in the A and magnocellular C laminae of the dorsal LGN (0.020 per micron 2). The
      fiber density in MIN was particularly dense along the medial edge of the nucleus,
      a region called the geniculate wing. The heaviest serotonin innervation is thus
      found in geniculate structures receiving input from W-type retinal ganglion cells
      and lightest in structures receiving X and Y input.

PMID- 3696489
TI  - Synaptic association between enkephalin-containing axon terminals and
      proopiomelanocortin-containing neurons in the arcuate nucleus of rat
      hypothalamus.
AB  - By employing an electron microscopic dual immunolabeling technique, a synaptic
      association between neurons containing immunoreactive adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)
      and axonal terminals containing immunoreactive methionine-enkephalin octapeptide
      (Enk-8) was found in the arcuate nucleus of the rat hypothalamus. The axonal
      terminals contained many small clear vesicles and some large cored vesicles. At
      the synaptic portions, membrane specialization was asymmetric.

PMID- 3696490
TI  - The effects of cortical ablation on mastication in the rabbit.
AB  - To verify the hypothesis that the control of movement by the cortical masticatory
      area (CMA) is particularly important at the beginning of the mastication, we
      compared movements before and after bilateral CMA ablation. After ablation, the
      animal could not manipulate food placed in the front of the mouth for several
      days. With further recovery, the animals could masticate in a more normal way,
      but the times taken to manipulate the food and to chew to the point of swallowing
      were increased. However, the form and amplitude of the masticatory cycles were
      only slightly changed by loss of cortical control. The results indicate that CMA
      is of great importance at the beginning of mastication and probably also in
      terminating chewing and initiating swallowing.

PMID- 3696492
TI  - Apamin and d-tubocurarine block the afterhyperpolarization of rat supraoptic
      neurosecretory neurons.
AB  - Magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs) were impaled in perfused explants of
      rat hypothalamus. Evoked bursts of spikes were followed by an
      afterhyperpolarization (AHP) lasting 1-2 s. In each of 22 cells this AHP was
      selectively suppressed by low nanomolar concentrations of apamin (IC50 = 1.3 nM)
      or micromolar concentrations of d-tubocurarine (IC50 approximately 40 microM).
      Blockade of the AHP was accompanied by a decrease in spike accommodation and an
      unmasking of the late depolarizing afterpotential which induces burst firing in
      MNCs. Modulation of the Ca2+-dependent K+ (AHP) conductance by an endogenous
      apamin-like ligand could play an important role in the control of firing rate and
      pattern in MNCs.

PMID- 3696491
TI  - Ganglioside GM1 treatment prevents the effects of subacute exposure to toluene on
      N-[3H]propylnorapomorphine binding characteristics in rat striatal membranes.
AB  - The effects of ganglioside GM1 treatment (10 mg/kg, i.p., 3 days, once daily)
      were analyzed on N-[3H]propylnorapomorphine ([3H]NPA) binding characteristics in
      striatal membrane preparations from air or toluene (80 ppm, 3 days, 6 h/day)
      exposed adult male rats. It was found that toluene exposure induced increased Kd
      and Bmax values for [3H]NPA binding. These changes could be blocked by GM1
      treatment, which by itself had no significant effects on the binding
      characteristics of [3H]NPA. The addition of toluene (9.3 mumol/ml) in vitro had
      similar effects on [3H]NPA binding characteristics as toluene exposure in vivo.
      These results indicate that the effects of toluene exposure on dopamine receptors
      are due to an alteration of membrane fluidity which is prevented by GM1
      treatment.

PMID- 3696493
TI  - Temporal changes in the activity of endogenous opioid mechanisms regulating
      oxytocin secretion in saline-loaded rats.
AB  - The effect of the opiate antagonist naloxone on neurohypophyseal hormone
      secretion has been investigated in rats given 2% NaCl to drink for 0-9 days.
      Naloxone elicited a rise in plasma levels of oxytocin (OT), but not arginine
      vasopressin (AVP), on days 1-3 only, the greatest response being on day 2. In a
      further experiment, the OT response to an acute stimulus (1.5 M NaCl, i.p.) was
      found to be similar in controls and rats drinking 2% NaCl for 7 days, indicating
      that depletion of readily releasable hormone was not the cause of the loss of
      sensitivity to naloxone; rather a down-regulation of opiate receptor mechanisms
      may be responsible. The temporal changes in opiate antagonist-sensitivity in
      saline-loaded rats may provide a functional paradigm for the investigation of
      regulatory opiate mechanisms in neural tissue.

PMID- 3696494
TI  - 'Axial apraxia' in labyrinthectomized lateral hypothalamic-damaged rats.
AB  - Contact righting, that is, turning from a recumbent position to prone, is
      abolished for a few days after large electrolytic lesions of the lateral
      hypothalamus. With recovery, contact righting reappears, but does so in a
      distinct manner. At first the body is righted by backleg movements, in the
      absence of any active axial rotation. Later, righting switches from back to
      front, so that righting begins in the shoulders and then proceeds to the pelvis.
      Such righting is achieved by axial rotation, that is, the limbs are carried by
      the torso, rather than vice versa. Labyrinthectomy, when combined with lateral
      hypothalamic (LH) damage, slows this recovery (now taking as long as 3 weeks),
      and reveals many intermediate stages of contact-righting. The absence of axial
      rotation in the early stages of recovery from combined LH damage and
      labyrinthectomy is compared to the 'axial apraxia' seen in some parkinsonian
      patients.

PMID- 3696495
TI  - Guanine nucleotide modulation of muscarinic cholinergic receptor binding in
      postmortem human brain--a preliminary study in Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - The coupling of cortical muscarinic receptors to guanosine triphosphate (GTP)
      binding proteins, as defined by changes in agonist affinity states of the
      receptor in the presence of magnesium ions (Mg2+) and a GTP analogue has been
      investigated using carbachol in competition experiments with either N
      methylscopolamine (NMS) or pirenzepine (PZ). The stability of the system with
      regard to autopsy delay and freezing was first established in membrane
      preparations from mouse brain. Applying the same methods to human autopsy tissue
      from the parietal cortex of Alzheimer's diseased cases and controls, matched for
      age and postmortem delay, there was no significant difference in the detectable
      coupling of the total (NMS-labelled) muscarinic receptor population. However,
      coupling of the 'M1' muscarinic receptor subtype, selectively labelled by PZ,
      appeared to be more labile than that of the receptor population as a whole and
      the modulation of this subtype by the GTP analogue was significantly attenuated
      in Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 3696496
TI  - Unaltered brain membranes after prolonged intake of highly oxidizable long-chain
      fatty acids of the (n-3) series.
AB  - Feeding rats a diet enriched in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Menhaden oil)
      increased the content in eicosapentaenoic acid 20:5 n-3 of brain phospholipids.
      Conversely 22:4 n-6 was reduced. These changes were not associated with
      alterations in either vitamin E concentration or glutathione peroxidase and
      catalase activities in cerebrum and cerebellum. No increase in peroxidative
      damage was found. Interestingly the major very-long-chain fatty acids (22:6 n-3
      and 22:5 n-3) were not affected.

PMID- 3696497
TI  - Age-related recurrence of basal forebrain lesion-induced cholinergic deficits.
AB  - Lesions of basal forebrain cholinergic nuclei projecting in neocortex have
      recently been employed as an animal model for the cholinergic deficits in
      Alzheimer's disease. However, unlike Alzheimer's patients, whose deterioration
      appears to be progressive and irreversible, basalis lesioned rats usually recover
      both behaviorally and neurochemically within several months after the lesion. We
      now demonstrate that this recovery may be a function of the age of the rat and
      that cholinergic deficits re-occur in the aged rat. Choline acetyltransferase
      (ChAT) activity and [3H]hemicholinium-3 ([3H]HCh-3) binding are reduced in cortex
      ipsilateral to ibotenic acid lesions in the 12-month postlesion rat following an
      initial recovery to normal levels by about 3 months postlesion. The recurrence of
      decrease of cholinergic markers is not a consequence of a non-specific age
      related decline since the activity of glutamic acid decarboxylase remains
      constant between 3 and 12 months postlesion.

PMID- 3696498
TI  - Electrical properties of acutely isolated, identified rat spinal dorsal horn
      projection neurons.
AB  - We used a retrograde marker, rhodamine-labeled fluorescent latex microspheres and
      the enzyme papain to isolate a group of identified, dorsal horn projection
      neurons from rat spinal cord. This method has allowed us to study the electrical
      properties of these acutely dissociated cells with patch-clamp techniques. It
      will also provide us the opportunity to understand the transmitter responses of
      these neurons that had not undergone culturing manipulation. The isolated
      projection cells have a short-lasting action potential and fire repetitively
      under a sustained depolarization. The ionic conductance mechanisms underlying the
      action potentials were studied under voltage-clamp conditions. Voltage-dependent
      inward sodium, inward calcium, outward potassium and calcium-activated potassium
      currents were observed in these cells.

PMID- 3696499
TI  - Heterogeneity of Muller cell endfeet in the rabbit retina as revealed by freeze
      fracturing.
AB  - The Muller cell membranes of the rabbit retina were investigated by means of
      freeze-fracturing. Orthogonal arrays of particles (OAP) were found almost
      exclusively where the Muller cell endfoot had direct contact with the vitreous
      body. In the center of the retina where the Muller cells are long and thin, the
      density of OAP was about 170/microns2. In the periphery where the Muller cells
      are shorter and thicker, the density of OAP was about 20/microns2. In this area,
      only half of the Muller cell endfeet were equipped with OAP. The results are
      discussed with respect to electrophysiological studies on the role of various K+
      channels in glial cells. It is proposed that OAP might possibly represent
      specialized 'maxi'-K+ channels which are involved in K+ spatial buffering of the
      extracellular space.

PMID- 3696500
TI  - Increased ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) wave frequency following central
      administration of neostigmine.
AB  - In all mammals so far investigated the occurrence of ponto-geniculo-occipital
      (PGO) waves precedes the onset and maintenance of desynchronized (D) sleep. As
      unitary electrographic events, PGO waves provide an index for quantitative
      evaluation of physiological D sleep or the D sleep-like state evoked by centrally
      administered acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. The present study characterized PGO
      wave frequency and time course following central administration of neostigmine
      bromide (Neo). The results show that Neo produced a dose-dependent increase in
      PGO wave frequency and time course when injected into brainstem regions other
      than areas containing putative PGO wave generating neurons. These results support
      the concept that PGO waves and D sleep are generated by an anatomically
      distributed network of cholinoceptive neurons.

PMID- 3696501
TI  - Linear head displacement measured by the otoliths can be reproduced through the
      saccadic system.
AB  - Normal subjects seated on a moving cart have been submitted to horizontal linear
      accelerations in the frontal plane. They were shown an earth-fixed target at a
      distance of 63 cm before the onset of cart motion, which occurred in total
      darkness. They were asked to keep their gaze on the imagined target. The main
      result is that, in spite of a low gain otolith-ocular reflex, they could
      reproduce their motion with great accuracy by saccades (a small overestimation
      was, however, observed). It is concluded that otolith information is used by
      probably cortical spatial analysers which can derive a precise measurement of
      linear displacement and feed this information in the saccadic system.

PMID- 3696502
TI  - Cortical origin of middle-latency auditory evoked responses in man.
AB  - We have recorded middle-latency magnetic evoked responses to 50-ms noise bursts,
      presented once every 0.9 s, over the right hemisphere of healthy humans. The
      measurements were carried out with a sensitive 7-channel SQUID gradiometer with a
      passband of 0.5-2000 Hz. The response consisted of peaks at about 30, 50 and 65
      ms. The location of the equivalent source of the 30-ms deflection agrees with
      activation of the supratemporal auditory cortex, slightly anterior to the source
      area of the well-known 100-ms deflection.

PMID- 3696503
TI  - Identification of human synenkephalin-like immunoreactivity in phaeochromocytoma
      tissue using a novel carboxy-terminal radioimmunoassay.
AB  - An antiserum raised against the synthetic tyrosinylated carboxy-terminal sequence
      of synenkephalin (Tyr-Glu-Glu-Ser-His-Leu-Leu-Ala) has been used to
      chromatographically characterize the human synenkephalin-like immunoreactivity
      extracted from 3 adrenal medullary phaeochromocytomas. Gel filtration
      chromatography identified in each tumor a single peak of 8 kDa which on
      subsequent ion-exchange chromatography had the elution characteristics of an
      acidic polypeptide. These results are compatible with the human synenkephalin
      sequence predicted from cDNA studies, and indicate that this is the authentic
      peptide.

PMID- 3696504
TI  - Quantitation of cellular resolution in situ hybridization histochemistry in brain
      by image analysis.
AB  - A new method for relative quantitation of mRNA levels with single neuron
      resolution is described. Hybridized tissue sections are emulsion dipped, exposed,
      and developed. The resulting silver grains are visualized using dark-field
      microscopy at high magnification. The method relies on computer-based image
      analysis of sequentially located, high resolution, small fields containing the
      cell images, each of which is analyzed for mRNA content. Maps of cell
      distributions are constructed, with cell marks color-coded for relative mRNA
      levels, yielding previously unavailable information on regional distribution of
      quantitative cellular expression of specific mRNA in brain.

PMID- 3696505
TI  - Naloxone blocks the interferon-alpha induced changes in hypothalamic neuronal
      activity.
AB  - The effects of recombinant human interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and naloxone (NLX)
      were studied on the single neuron activities of the preoptic and anterior
      hypothalamus (PO/AH) and the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) in tissue slices.
      Perfusion of IFN-alpha in physiological doses (10-5000 units/ml) decreased and
      increased the firing rate of the majority of PO/AH and VMH neurons respectively.
      The IFN-alpha-induced changes in firing rate of PO/AH and VMH neurons were
      reversibly blocked or attenuated by simultaneous application of NLX. The results
      suggest that IFN-alpha may exert its action through opiate receptors in the
      hypothalamus.

PMID- 3696506
TI  - Effects of corticosterone on shaking and seizure behavior induced by deep
      prepyriform cortex kindling.
AB  - The influence of adrenocorticosteroids on seizures and wet dog shakes (WDS)
      induced by deep prepyriform cortex kindling was studied by bilateral
      adrenalectomy and corticosterone replacement. The rate of kindling, latency to
      the onset and duration of motor seizures were not significantly affected by
      adrenalectomy or corticosterone treatment. However, the number of WDS observed
      after stage 5 seizures was reduced in adrenalectomized animals and it was not
      restored until 3 h following corticosterone replacement. This delay in onset of
      action suggests that the effects of adrenocorticosteroids and/or ACTH on WDS may
      be mediated by an indirect mechanism.

PMID- 3696507
TI  - Nurses call out for AIDS information.

PMID- 3696508
TI  - The tragedy of AIDS: a new trial for nursing education.

PMID- 3696509
TI  - Demystifying AIDS: educating nurses for care.

PMID- 3696510
TI  - Studying the costs of nursing education: seven decades of effort.

PMID- 3696511
TI  - Academic clinician: a new role for nursing's future.

PMID- 3696512
TI  - Congress turns attention to nursing agenda.

PMID- 3696513
TI  - Guiding the forces of the health care revolution.

PMID- 3696514
TI  - Worldwide nursing unity: building a powerhouse for change.

PMID- 3696515
TI  - Reaffirmation of NLN's positions on institutional and specialized accreditation
      and on NLN's scope of accreditation activities.

PMID- 3696516
TI  - RN to BSN: advanced placement policies.

PMID- 3696517
TI  - Landmarks in the socialization process from RN to BSN.

PMID- 3696519
TI  - Reflections on giving.

PMID- 3696518
TI  - The potential for research and research use in academic nurse-managed centers.

PMID- 3696520
TI  - The teaching of caring.

PMID- 3696521
TI  - Anxiety: a block to clinical learning.

PMID- 3696522
TI  - On hemlock, humanism, and nursing's heritage.

PMID- 3696523
TI  - A strategy for increasing student autonomy: women's health course.

PMID- 3696524
TI  - Preparing students to write for publication.

PMID- 3696525
TI  - What is a nurse?

PMID- 3696526
TI  - Faculty influence on students.

PMID- 3696527
TI  - Some thoughts on biometrical training in colleges of nursing.

PMID- 3696528
TI  - Teaching students the cadence of gallop rhythms.

PMID- 3696529
TI  - Tool for evaluating prioritization skills.

PMID- 3696530
TI  - Are senior BSN students effective time managers?

PMID- 3696531
TI  - A procedure for increased return rates to mailed questionnaires.

PMID- 3696532
TI  - Managing your academic career. What is a dean? If I knew then what I know now.
      Part II.

PMID- 3696533
TI  - Migration and dietary changes among Mexican-Americans.

PMID- 3696534
TI  - Diet and dental health as measured by NHANES I data.

PMID- 3696535
TI  - Effect of keto acid diets in chronic renal failure.

PMID- 3696536
TI  - Iron deficiency and brain proteins.

PMID- 3696537
TI  - Falls in the elderly.
AB  - A substantial number of elderly persons living at home fall each year. Falling
      can lead to both physical and psychological harm, causing some to place
      unwarranted restrictions on themselves based on their fear of falling again.
      There are many causes of falls, including age-related changes in physical status,
      certain pathological states and environmental hazards. Thorough assessment of the
      patient who has fallen includes both a detailed history and a physical
      examination aimed at determining the extent of injury as well as the cause of the
      fall. Armed with this information, the nurse practitioner can design a fall
      prevention educational program that fits the patient's specific needs. Fall
      prevention education is appropriate for all elderly patients, not only those who
      have a history of falling.

PMID- 3696538
TI  - Non-physician providers vs. Foundation Health Plan--a major restraint-of-trade
      case study.

PMID- 3696539
TI  - Menopausal hot flashes and osteoporosis.

PMID- 3696540
TI  - R.E.T. and non-utopianism versus non-perfectionism.

PMID- 3696541
TI  - Urinary incontinence not inevitable for elderly.

PMID- 3696543
TI  - Prevention and treatment of lightning injuries.
AB  - Lightning ranks first among natural disasters in terms of fatalities and property
      damage each year. If fortunate enough to survive, the victim of a lightning or
      electrical accident often presents with numerous complicated clinical
      manifestations. The astute nurse practitioner will be challenged to identify the
      immediate signs and symptoms of possible system disruption, and to institute the
      follow-up management necessary to prevent further complications. This article
      explores the nurse practitioner's role in the physical assessment of the client
      and the protocol for management and follow-up care. Case studies are presented to
      illustrate the various multisystem findings of clients struck either directly or
      indirectly by lightning. Environmental precautions to decrease the likelihood of
      lightning's harmful effects are also discussed. It is easier to prevent a
      lightning and/or electrical accident than to treat the victim.

PMID- 3696542
TI  - Glaucoma screening: an important role for NPs.
AB  - Glaucoma continues to be a major cause of blindness and visual impairment in the
      United States today. However, with early detection through screening followed by
      prompt treatment, sight can be spared. This article discusses the pathophysiology
      of both acute open-angle and acute and chronic angle-closure glaucoma and
      describes the high-risk population. The rationale behind obtaining an accurate
      intraocular pressure reading and converting the scale reading to mm Hg is
      explored. A step-by-step outline of the procedure for Schiotz tonometry is
      presented. Nurse practitioners who are functioning within primary care settings
      can provide valuable early detection screening to high-risk clients and make
      timely referrals for further evaluation.

PMID- 3696544
TI  - A product-line approach to nursing services.

PMID- 3696545
TI  - Comprehensive actuarial data on nurse practitioners ... at long last.

PMID- 3696546
TI  - An overview of the large intestine: anatomy, physiology and normal function.

PMID- 3696547
TI  - Factors affecting bowel function.

PMID- 3696548
TI  - Problems of the lower bowel causing constipation.

PMID- 3696549
TI  - Nursing assessment and management of constipation.

PMID- 3696550
TI  - Nursing factors--diarrhoea.

PMID- 3696551
TI  - Asians in Britain--some cultural considerations in stoma care.

PMID- 3696552
TI  - Life following an ileostomy--a personal account.

PMID- 3696553
TI  - Health education.

PMID- 3696554
TI  - Equipment and products.

PMID- 3696556
TI  - Stoma care.

PMID- 3696555
TI  - Pre-operative and postoperative counselling.

PMID- 3696557
TI  - Anatomy and physiology of the urinary system.

PMID- 3696558
TI  - District nurse's involvement in problems associated with micturition.

PMID- 3696559
TI  - Paediatric problems in micturition.

PMID- 3696560
TI  - Factors affecting and problems of micturition.

PMID- 3696561
TI  - Toileting charts.

PMID- 3696562
TI  - The nurse as designer.

PMID- 3696563
TI  - Evaluation, appraisal or trial?

PMID- 3696564
TI  - What every incontinent person should expect.

PMID- 3696565
TI  - Incontinence in the elderly mentally frail.

PMID- 3696566
TI  - Working with industry.

PMID- 3696567
TI  - Incontinence goes public.

PMID- 3696568
TI  - Psychiatric nursing. Needs of staff.

PMID- 3696569
TI  - Implications of social interaction.

PMID- 3696570
TI  - Social skills training: a problem to be solved.

PMID- 3696571
TI  - Sociological issues affecting child development.

PMID- 3696572
TI  - Childhood as a period of change and development.

PMID- 3696573
TI  - Ethical issues in paediatric nursing.

PMID- 3696574
TI  - Options in the care of acute childhood illness.

PMID- 3696575
TI  - Children with ongoing health needs.

PMID- 3696576
TI  - Multicultural and multiracial aspects of the care of children in hospital.

PMID- 3696577
TI  - Management budgeting.

PMID- 3696578
TI  - Hospitals under review: the NZNA's view.

PMID- 3696579
TI  - Asking about our service.

PMID- 3696580
TI  - The manager dilemma.

PMID- 3696581
TI  - Coronary care. After a heart attack.

PMID- 3696582
TI  - Coronary care. 'Heart attack action'.

PMID- 3696583
TI  - Coronary care. Trends in cardiovascular mortality. The nurse's role in the WHO
      Monica Study.

PMID- 3696584
TI  - Promoting AIDS awareness.

PMID- 3696585
TI  - Promoting AIDS awareness. A nursing perspective.

PMID- 3696586
TI  - Nursing, politics and AIDS.

PMID- 3696587
TI  - Women's experiences of cervical screening.

PMID- 3696588
TI  - Learning from language.

PMID- 3696589
TI  - A goal for health care.

PMID- 3696590
TI  - Taha Maori in comprehensive nursing education. Part two.

PMID- 3696592
TI  - Primary health care and social policy.

PMID- 3696591
TI  - Taha Maori in comprehensive nursing education.

PMID- 3696593
TI  - Politics of health.

PMID- 3696594
TI  - Care and control.

PMID- 3696595
TI  - Nurses' school days.

PMID- 3696596
TI  - Protection from noise.

PMID- 3696598
TI  - A helping hand?

PMID- 3696597
TI  - Public v private health care.

PMID- 3696599
TI  - On the afternoon ward.

PMID- 3696600
TI  - But one tongue.

PMID- 3696601
TI  - Safety screen or smoke-screen?

PMID- 3696602
TI  - A smear campaign.

PMID- 3696603
TI  - Health centres for women.

PMID- 3696604
TI  - Prestige or pragmatism?

PMID- 3696605
TI  - A midwife's choice. Interview by Lyndon Keene.

PMID- 3696606
TI  - What is independent nursing practice?

PMID- 3696608
TI  - Child health--a 'dismal' record.

PMID- 3696607
TI  - Counselling for nurses.

PMID- 3696609
TI  - The challenges to come. Interview by Lyndon Keene.

PMID- 3696610
TI  - Taha Maori in comprehensive nursing education.

PMID- 3696611
TI  - National Health Service Corps: scholarship pay-back service penalty valid.

PMID- 3696612
TI  - Dress codes for nurses: are caps an example of gender-specific employment
      discrimination?

PMID- 3696613
TI  - Social accounting: investing the information asset in the staff.

PMID- 3696614
TI  - Discharge planning: identification of high-risk groups.

PMID- 3696615
TI  - Quality assurance in home care services.

PMID- 3696616
TI  - Developing the performance appraisal system.

PMID- 3696617
TI  - Credentialing of medical staff: the nursing department's role.

PMID- 3696618
TI  - Discharge planning: a tool for decision making.

PMID- 3696619
TI  - Medication errors: a quality assurance tool.

PMID- 3696620
TI  - When an i.v. team is not feasible.

PMID- 3696621
TI  - Evaluating float staff.

PMID- 3696622
TI  - A clinical ladder: the rungs of implementation.

PMID- 3696623
TI  - The development of a patient care plan delivery system.

PMID- 3696624
TI  - The nursing administrator and the operating room suite.

PMID- 3696625
TI  - Healing the hospital.

PMID- 3696626
TI  - Pre-operative radionuclide localization of intracerebral lesions: a five-year
      experience.
AB  - Intracerebral lesions demonstrated by computerized tomography usually require
      histological confirmation to determine subsequent management. Tissue samples are
      generally obtained by craniotomy or burr hole biopsy; either procedure can prove
      negative if a lesion is small, deep, or very superficial. Pre-operative imaging
      and localization reduce biopsy failures. Before the introduction of this straight
      forward radionuclide technique, our biopsy success rate using conventional
      localization methods was 88%. In a 5-year period, 200 patients underwent pre
      operative radionuclide localization, with an improvement in the overall biopsy
      success rate to 92.7% (95.5% for lesions which took up radionuclide). Patients
      have benefitted from reduced operating time and improved post-operative recovery
      rates. About 85% of all intracerebral lesions may be expected to accumulate
      radionuclide. However in our series, 93.2% were sufficiently well visualized for
      a siting marker to be placed with confidence. Within this group, low grade
      astrocytomas (Kernohan Grades I and II) showed a predictably low incidence of
      imaging (30.8%). For the majority of lesions which present difficulties in biopsy
      due to size or site, the radionuclide method is a simple procedure which
      increases the chance of obtaining positive tissue with the minimum of surgical
      intervention.

PMID- 3696627
TI  - Failure of normalized ventricular filling rates to predict true filling rates.
AB  - Ventricular filling rates derived from radionuclide angiographic (RNA) time
      activity curves are commonly expressed as normalized values. The assumption that
      normalized filling rates have a relationship to the actual filling rates was
      tested. RNA and contrast angiography were performed within 20 min of one another
      in 21 patients with widely disparate volumes. The RNA time-activity curve was
      converted from counts to milliliters by equating the contrast angiography derived
      end diastolic volume to the end diastolic count rate determined by RNA. Peak
      filling rates were normalized to end diastolic volume (EDV), stroke volume (SV,
      and peak ejection rate (ER). No significant correlation between the normalized
      filling rates and the true filling rate was found. Significant correlations were
      found between the EDV normalized filling rate and the EDV (r = -0.70) and the
      ejection fraction (r = 0.89). Normalized filling rates are dependent upon the
      normalizing variable and are not a pure measure of ventricular filling rates. As
      the technique of gated radionuclide angiography has matured, it has become
      apparent that there is more information in the time-activity curve than just the
      ejection fraction. The emptying rates, filling rates, time to peak emptying, and
      time to peak filling are parameters that are also available from the time
      activity curve. Several authors have used this information to quantitate
      ventricular ejection and filling rates [1-6]. Since the contrast angiography
      literature would indicate that in some disease states ventricular filling is
      impaired [7,8], attempts have been made to identify impaired filling rates by
      radionuclide techniques. Using this method, decreased normalized filling rates
      have been found in groups of patients with coronary artery disease and it has
      been suggested that the observed decrease is due to impairment of active
      relaxation and/or to reduced compliance [2,3,5,6]. It has even been suggested
      that the decrease seen in the normalized filling rates may be a reflection of
      ischemia in the resting patient [6]. While these RNA derived parameters have been
      normalized to end diastolic volume by most authors, normalization to stroke
      volume and maximum ejection rate have also been suggested [9,10]. A possible
      rationale for normalization is that the activity measured over the ventricle is
      dependent upon many factors, including radionuclide dose, attenuation from the
      patient's chest wall, the specific type of collimator used, thickness of the
      crystal, and the window width.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3696628
TI  - Radionuclide cardiac monitoring system using dual cadmium telluride (CdTe)
      detectors: specification and some clinical applications.
AB  - The construction, physical characteristics, software and some clinical
      applications of a computerized dual cadmium telluride (CdTe) detectors system for
      continuous cardiac monitoring are described. The detectors and collimators are
      small, light and convenient for attachment to the chest wall. Data can be
      collected at 0.05 s intervals and for up to 3 h. Clinical studies in 33 patients
      using a prototype system demonstrated reasonably good correlation with left
      ventricular ejection fractions determined by a scintillation camera-computer
      system (r = 0.928). The application of this system to continuous monitoring of
      left ventricular function during exercise or drug stimulations has been found to
      be clinically useful.

PMID- 3696629
TI  - Synthesis and biodistribution of labelled p-iodo phentermine (IP), N,N,-dimethyl
      p-iodo phentermine (IDMP) and N-isopropyl-p-iodo phentermine (IIP) in rats.
AB  - p-Iodo-phentermine (IP) and two of its derivatives, N,N,-dimethyl-p-iodo
      phentermine (IDMP) and N-isopropyl-p-iodo-phentermine (IIP) were synthesized and
      radiolabelled with iodine by isotopic exchange. They were evaluated as potential
      brain imaging agents and compared to IAMP biodistribution in rats did not show
      any superiority to IAMP.

PMID- 3696630
TI  - Non-invasive assessment of absolute values of hepatic haemodynamics using
      radiocolloid scintigraphy.
AB  - A non-invasive technique for the assessment of hepatic haemodynamics using
      radiocolloid imaging with a computer, in which absolute values of hepatic,
      mesenteric and splenic arterial effective blood flows were assessed, is
      described. The technique was carried out on ten volunteers, before and after a
      standard meal. After eating, total effective liver blood flow rose by 28% and the
      mesenteric arterial effective flow by 69%. Hepatic and splenic arterial effective
      flow were reduced.

PMID- 3696631
TI  - Polishing our professional image.

PMID- 3696632
TI  - The person with AIDS on the inpatient psychiatric unit.

PMID- 3696633
TI  - [Potentials for increasing the effectiveness of cryogenic treatment of eyelid
      tumors using a device based on an adjustable balloon throttle microcryogenic
      system].

PMID- 3696634
TI  - [Surgical treatment of complicated cataracts in tuberculous uveitis].

PMID- 3696636
TI  - [Surgical treatment of high progressive myopia].

PMID- 3696635
TI  - [Intraocular correction of aphakia in the surgical treatment of traumatic
      cataract in children].

PMID- 3696637
TI  - [Changes in the motor apparatus of the eye following scleroplastic operations].

PMID- 3696638
TI  - [Changes in the macular zone in myopia].

PMID- 3696639
TI  - [Effect of negative air ionization on ocular hemodynamics].

PMID- 3696640
TI  - [Results of research on pupil size and reactions to light and convergence in
      healthy children with emmetropia].

PMID- 3696641
TI  - [Visual acuity for near point and the spasmotest in preschool children].

PMID- 3696642
TI  - [New letter tests for measuring visual acuity].

PMID- 3696643
TI  - [Micromovements of the eyes in the determination of visual acuity].

PMID- 3696644
TI  - [Role of critical flicker fusion frequency in assessing the work stress of
      sailors].

PMID- 3696645
TI  - [Posterior pathways of intraocular fluid outflow from the aspect of age and in
      open-angle glaucoma].

PMID- 3696646
TI  - [Effectiveness of the subconjunctival use of acetylsalicylic acid in penetrating
      eye wounds].

PMID- 3696647
TI  - [Our experience with tuberculin diagnosis of ocular tuberculosis].

PMID- 3696648
TI  - [Drug and surgical treatment of chronic keratoconus].

PMID- 3696650
TI  - Meaningful medical malpractice reform.

PMID- 3696649
TI  - [Results of sinusotrabeculectomy in glaucoma].

PMID- 3696651
TI  - AIDS: let's get it out of the closet.

PMID- 3696652
TI  - Young physicians: a hidden resource.

PMID- 3696653
TI  - Report of the task force on capitation systems of reimbursement.

PMID- 3696655
TI  - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): precautions for health-care workers
      and allied professionals.

PMID- 3696654
TI  - Packaging your practice: matching your services to patients' needs. The
      Department of Communications and Physician Marketing.

PMID- 3696656
TI  - Medical student impairment--a growing problem?

PMID- 3696657
TI  - Melanomas and nevi.

PMID- 3696658
TI  - Wright State School of Medicine students volunteer.

PMID- 3696659
TI  - Eleven miles from the border: aiding Afghanistan.

PMID- 3696660
TI  - Antibiosis: triumph over cancer.

PMID- 3696661
TI  - AIDS. The grim statistics ... and what they reveal.

PMID- 3696662
TI  - AIDS testing.

PMID- 3696663
TI  - AIDS education.

PMID- 3696664
TI  - Critical issues in sports medicine.

PMID- 3696665
TI  - Treating mild hypertension.

PMID- 3696666
TI  - The woes of the elderly ... and how you can help.

PMID- 3696667
TI  - Drug overdose and the elderly.

PMID- 3696668
TI  - Recognizing depression in the primary care patient.

PMID- 3696669
TI  - Recommendations for preventing possible transmission of HIV from tears.

PMID- 3696670
TI  - Laser medicine: when you need it, when you don't.

PMID- 3696671
TI  - Treating your practice--I. OSMA Department of Communications and Physician
      Marketing.

PMID- 3696672
TI  - Ethical considerations involved in AIDS/HIV care.

PMID- 3696674
TI  - Choose a degree in nursing!

PMID- 3696673
TI  - "Not all gifts come with bows".

PMID- 3696675
TI  - [Centrioles in the cell cycle of L cells].
AB  - The structure of centrosome in non-synchronous L-cells culture during the cell
      cycle has been studied. In mitosis, mother and daughter centrioles, which differ
      in their ultrastructure, are located perpendicularly in the pole of the spindle.
      Microtubules, meeting in the pole area terminate mainly in electron-dense
      clottings of fibrillar matter surrounding the diplosoma. In telophase,
      disjunction of mother and daughter centrioles begins. At the beginning of G1
      period, centrioles move off from each other for several micron, and then draw
      together again without forming diplosome. Pericentriolar satellites form on
      mother centriole of some cells at this time, they disappear at the beginning of S
      period, replication of centrioles begins; daughter centrioles reach the size of
      mother centrioles in anaphase. During growth and maturation, centrioles in L
      cells undergo structural changes similar to those described for SPEV cells
      (Vorob'ev, Chentsov, 1982). Several types of meeting points for microtubules
      exist in L-cells during the whole interphase: surface of centrioles per se,
      pericentriolar satellites, free foci.

PMID- 3696676
TI  - [Recovery of acetylcholinesterase activity in the axolotl embryo following
      inhibition with the organophosphorus inhibitor Gd-7].
AB  - The restoration of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in axolotl Ambystoma
      mexicanum embryo after treatment at 38-42 stages with irreversibly AChE
      inhibiting Gd-7 phosphororganic inhibitor in concentrations, significantly
      decreasing AChE activity level, but not interfering with ontogenesis has been
      studied. The rate of AChE activity restoration in Gd-7 treated axolotl embryo
      depends on the level of the enzyme restraint and the stage of the embryo
      development. The value of maximal restoration of AChE activity differs; it is
      less in embryos, treated with Gd-7 at later stages of development. The ability of
      the embryos to swim restores parallel to the increase in AChE activity. The data
      obtained suggest that axolotl embryo possess compensatory mechanism for
      increasing AChE biosynthesis after decrease in its activity caused by Gd-7.
      Acetylcholine, accumulating in the organism at partial inactivation of AChE by
      phosphororganic inhibitor may participate in this mechanism.

PMID- 3696677
TI  - [Experimental approaches to the study of permeability of the blood-brain barrier
      for native autogenous proteins in chicken ontogenesis].
AB  - The composition and distribution of serum proteins in blood, brain vesicles
      liquid, and nervous tissue has been studied in chicken embryos at 4-20 day of
      incubation using electrophoresis, immunoelectrophoresis, and fluorescent
      antibodies. At the 4-5 day of incubation, a difference in the protein composition
      of brain vesicles liquid and blood serum is apparent. This indicates that the
      border membrane of brain vesicles plays a part of the barrier. The vessels,
      preventing the transport of serum proteins to the nervous tissue, which are
      characteristic of hematoencephalic barrier of adult animals, develop in the
      embryo brain at the end of incubation period.

PMID- 3696679
TI  - [Rearrangement of the morphological structure and degradation of the
      extracellular matrix in amphibian embryos after short-term disruption of cell
      contacts].
AB  - The changes in cell structure of explants of presumptive early gastrula mesoderm
      of Xenopus laevis and dynamics of extracellular matrix formation has been studied
      for 6 h after their isolation. After 6 h, control explants of any dorsoventral
      level turned into dense spheric homogeneous cell clusters. Explants of dorsal and
      lateral sectors, treated with medium without Ca2+ and Mg2+ for 30 s, bent and
      separated into several layers, and in ventral sector explants, cavities,
      surrounded by polarized cells, arose. In control explants, the amount of
      extracellular matrix on the surface and in intercellular spaces increased, and in
      the experimental explants, extracellular matrix disappeared and was not observed
      for several hours. Previously described differential transformations of the
      treated explants (Georgiev, Belousov, 1986) are supposed to be determined by
      extracellular matrix degradation and the degradation-associated complications of
      cell structure of the explant.

PMID- 3696678
TI  - [Development of ovaries in bovine fetuses].
AB  - The growth of ovaries, development of germ cells, formation of sex cords,
      folliculogenesis and dependence of these processes on the gonad morphogenesis
      stages were studied on 68 embryos and foetuses at the age of 1.5 to 9 months. Sex
      differentiation of ovaries was shown to take place in 1.5 month old embryo. The
      cords of connective tissue's cortical stroma appear also in 1.5 month old embryo,
      they develop in the dorsoventral direction and reach the gonad's covering
      epithelium in 6 month old foetuses. The formation of the medulla rudiment starts
      in 1.5 month old embryo when the gonad is separated from mesonephros and
      connected with it via the ovary gate. In 4 month old foetuses the ovary net
      transforms into a stellate structure. Important morphogenetic processes, such as
      the development of the ovary somatic elements, entry of the oocytes into meiotic
      prophase, formation of the sex cords and folliculogenesis, develop in the
      dorsoventral direction Germ cells in 9 month old foetuses are enclosed into
      primordial or, growing follicles.

PMID- 3696680
TI  - [Morphogenetic role of the cortex in the development of twins in sea urchins].
AB  - The dynamics of development of Strongylocentrotus nudus sea urchin twins has been
      studied after centrifugation at 2,000 g for 5 min and incubation in hypotonic
      medium after fertilization till formation of the first cleavage furrow. Cortex
      rigidity was found to correlate with the frequency of twins occurrence. The
      largest amount of twins forms after centrifugation and hypotonic treatment for
      the first 1-6 min of zygote development. The twins may be obtained at 25-40 min
      of development by centrifugation in the presence of cytochalasin B (1
      micrograms/ml). Morphogenetic role of cortex in development of sea urchin twins
      has been discussed.

PMID- 3696681
TI  - [Extracts of regenerating Planarians regulate proliferation of vertebrate cells].
AB  - The effects of extracts from intact and regenerating planarians on cell behaviour
      in culture were studied. The extracts were added to the culture of Chinese
      hamster fibroblasts and to the primary culture of human lymphocytes. Some
      extracts contained active agents which influenced the proliferation of
      fibroblasts increasing or decreasing the mitotic index. The extracts exerted no
      effect on the mitotic index of lymphocytes. When the extracts were added to the
      lymphocyte culture together with phytohemagglutinin, which induces the
      proliferation, the mitotic index somewhat increased. The extracts of regenerating
      planarians contain factors which activate and inhibit cell proliferation in
      culture. The active factors stimulated, rather than induced proliferation.

PMID- 3696682
TI  - Solving the mystery of aqueous humor.

PMID- 3696683
TI  - Biochemical abnormalities in the aqueous in chronic open-angle glaucoma.
AB  - We studied gel electrophoretic patterns of proteins in the aqueous humor of
      patients undergoing cataract or glaucoma surgery. Of special interest was a
      protein doublet present in the range of 130,000 to 135,000 daltons. Analysis of
      the relative concentration of these two proteins in a given sample revealed
      statistically significant differences in aqueous humor obtained from patients
      with chronic open-angle glaucoma compared with that obtained from patients with
      non-chronic open-angle glaucoma or those with cataract. These differences could
      not be accounted for by other factors, such as preoperative medicines or age. It
      is possible that the outflow obstruction in chronic open-angle glaucoma somehow
      may be related to abnormalities in the protein distribution in the aqueous humor
      of susceptible individuals.

PMID- 3696685
TI  - Wound necrosis following dacryocystorhinostomy in patients with Wegener's
      granulomatosis.
AB  - Two patients with Wegener's granulomatosis underwent dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR)
      for nasolacrimal duct obstruction and epiphora. Wound necrosis occurred in each
      individual with the formation of a nasal-cutaneous fistula. A pedicle flap was
      the treatment of choice in one case, while direct closure of the necrotic
      incision site and high-dose steroid therapy was used in the other. Both did well
      with complete wound healing. The tearing persisted in one and resolved in the
      other. Dacryocystorhinostomy should be avoided whenever possible in patients with
      Wegener's granulomatosis, and steroid dosage should be increased if surgery is
      necessary in the presence of active inflammation.

PMID- 3696684
TI  - Failed laser trabeculoplasty requiring surgery in open-angle glaucoma.
AB  - Argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) has been successful in controlling open-angle
      glaucoma, but a significant number of patients still require filtration surgery.
      Concern that post-laser inflammatory changes or alterations of structural anatomy
      with damage to the trabecular meshwork may adversely affect the outcome of
      filtration surgery prompted a retrospective review of 87 consecutive eyes with
      open-angle glaucoma that required filtration surgery following failed ALT. The
      follow-up period was at least 6 months, with a mean of 18 months (6 to 38
      months). Posterior lip sclerectomy was chosen for 69 eyes and trabeculectomy for
      18 eyes. The overall success rate of filtration surgery during the follow-up
      period was 92%. There was no recognized difference in the response to filtration
      surgery following ALT.

PMID- 3696686
TI  - Inflammatory response to viscoelastic materials.
AB  - Healon, Amvisc, or Viscoat was injected into the corneal stroma of 36 normal
      rabbit eyes. Twelve additional rabbit eyes were used as controls by performing a
      sham procedure. Twelve rabbits were euthanized at one day and the remainder seven
      days after injection. The eyes were enucleated and examined by light microscopy.
      No control eyes had detectable inflammation. Only Viscoat produced mild
      inflammation at seven days, but this was statistically significant only at p =
      0.182. There appears to be little difference in the inflammatory response of
      these three viscoelastic substances.

PMID- 3696687
TI  - Complications of eyelid reconstruction using a semicircular flap.
AB  - Complications of the semicircular flap technique of eyelid reconstruction include
      lateral canthal webbing, ectropion, lid notching, symblepharon, and tissue
      fullness of the lateral lid. These difficulties occur infrequently and rarely
      cause significant problems. Attention to surgical details, however, can minimize
      unfavorable results. It should be emphasized that the semicircular flap remains a
      superb technique for reconstruction of defects involving up to 80% of the lower
      eyelid.

PMID- 3696688
TI  - Correction of postoperative eyelid retraction with a simplified levator palpebrae
      superioris (LPS) muscle recession: analysis of a 10-year experience.
AB  - A simplified levator palpebrae superioris (LPS) muscle recession was performed to
      correct eyelid retraction in 56 eyelids of 48 patients. Improvement of
      preoperative keratopathy and cosmetically acceptable results were achieved in 93%
      of the eyelids. Based on preoperative surgical intervention, eyelids were divided
      into four groups: levator resection, levator aponeurosis advancement, surgery
      associated with dysthyroid ophthalmopathy, and miscellaneous reconstructive
      eyelid procedures. For each group the mean preoperative and postoperative eyelid
      levels, the mean change in eyelid level following surgery, and the mean amount of
      surgery performed were analyzed statistically with the two-tailed student's t
      test. Linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between the change
      in eyelid level and the amount of levator recession performed. No significant
      relationship was demonstrated between eyelid retraction and dysthyroid
      ophthalmopathy or reconstructive eyelid surgery. However, a significant
      relationship was demonstrated between the amount of recession and the eyelid
      level change for eyelids retracted following levator resection (P less than .01)
      and levator aponeurosis surgery (P less than .05). This may indicate that the
      change in eyelid level following a simplified LPS recession in these two groups
      is predictable. However, additional prospective studies are required to further
      assess the clinical applicability and use of this finding.

PMID- 3696689
TI  - Public health ophthalmology: a comprehensive model for the prevention of
      blindness in developing nations.
AB  - In recent years, blindness in developing nations has been increasingly recognized
      as a public health problem requiring new approaches. To better prepare eye care
      professionals to assume their multidisciplinary responsibilities as
      epidemiologists, health planners, administrators, and educators, a new conceptual
      model is presented. This eye care plan and delivery scheme for developing nations
      attempts to integrate three essential disciplines of blindness prevention
      (epidemiology, administration, and education) with six major causes of blindness
      (cataract, trachoma, glaucoma, xerophthalmia, onchocerciasis, and leprosy) at
      three levels of intervention (community, primary, and secondary). The result can
      be conceptualized as a three-dimensional geometric model. This spatial construct
      has many practical applications and should serve as a useful frame of reference
      for eye care professionals and organizations active in international
      ophthalmology and blindness prevention in developing countries.

PMID- 3696691
TI  - Cost containment by means of decreasing health care.

PMID- 3696690
TI  - The choice of a syringe for manual cortex aspiration.
AB  - The friction force of 5-ml, 2-ml, and 1-ml syringes used for manual aspiration of
      cortex material in extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) were compared. It was
      found that for a 5-ml syringe the force was 500 g, for a 2-ml syringe it was 250
      g, and for a 1-ml tuberculin-type syringe it was only 50 g. The ease and duration
      of cortex aspiration in 30 cases of ECCE were compared using each of the above
      syringes partially filled with fluid, connected to a 25-gauge Gill's type
      cannula, and a closed anterior chamber technique. It was found that with the help
      of a 1-ml tuberculin syringe, cortex material was removed faster and with less
      finger fatigue than with the 5-ml or 2-ml syringe.

PMID- 3696693
TI  - Contact lenses in the upper eyelid masquerading as lid masses.

PMID- 3696692
TI  - The cost of good health is properly high.

PMID- 3696694
TI  - Cyanoacrylate adhesive application.

PMID- 3696695
TI  - Double-flash responses in different retinal layers.
AB  - Stimulating the isolated arterially perfused cat eye with two consecutive flashes
      (double flashes) we have studied the reduction of the 2nd response recorded from
      outer (isolated PIII component of the ERG), middle (b-wave) and inner (optic
      nerve response, ONR) retinal layers. The spectral sensitivity of the mechanism
      that reduces the amplitude of the 2nd response, determined by a constant
      threshold of 20% amplitude reduction of the b-wave, could be matched by a 500 nm
      pigment absorption function. For a given stimulus irradiance the response
      reduction was largest in the b-wave and smaller in the PIII and ONR. The
      injection of the dopamine antagonist fluphenazine, which presumably does not
      influence rod receptor function, changes the ratio between the two b-wave double
      flash responses. These data indicate that the reduction of the 2nd response is
      produced by a rod driven mechanism that has a receptoral as well as a
      postreceptoral component. The ONR data indicate that mechanisms in the inner
      retina counteract the amplitude reduction of the 2nd flash, thereby stabilizing
      the retinal output.

PMID- 3696696
TI  - Determination by anti-bromodeoxyuridine monoclonal antibody of cells in S phase
      in the human Y79 retinoblastoma line maintained in an organ culture system:
      effects of butyric acid.
AB  - Using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and an anti-BrdU monoclonal antibody (Mab), the
      fraction of cells in S phase of the Y79 human retinoblastoma line maintained in
      an organ culture system was determined. The average labeling index (LI) (S phase
      cell fraction) was 21.5% after 2-15 days in vitro. The effect of butyric acid,
      which has been reported by others to inhibit the growth of Y79 retinoblastoma
      cells, was then evaluated in a similar in vitro system. Following treatment with
      2 and 3 mM of butyric acid, extensive necrosis was seen in the cultures, and the
      LI of the surviving cells was significantly (p less than 0.01) lower (4.1 and
      2.9%, respectively) than that of the control cultures (21.1%). Forty-eight hours
      after removal of butyric acid, the LI of the cultures treated respectively with 2
      and 3 mM of butyric acid returned to the control level. Our findings suggest that
      the effect of butyric acid on the cell kinetics of Y79 retinoblastoma cells may
      be a reversible blocking effect on the G1 phase of the cell cycle.

PMID- 3696698
TI  - Novel activity of melatonin. Its chemotactic effect on retinal pigment epithelial
      cells.
AB  - Melatonin (100 nM-100 microM) showed a chemotactic action on cultured chick
      retinal pigment epithelial cells. This effect was equivalent to that of N-formyl
      methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. Other methoxyindole derivatives had no or less
      chemotactic effects than melatonin.

PMID- 3696697
TI  - Fibrinolytic behavior in long-standing branch retinal vein occlusion.
AB  - The aim of our study was to evaluate the fibrinolytic system in patients with
      retinal branch vein occlusion (RVO). The following tests were carried out:
      prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time (PTT), fibrinogen degradation
      products, euglobulin lysis time, fibrinogen, pasminogen, antithrombin III, alpha
      2-antiplasmin and alpha 2-macroglobulin. Comparing the results of patients with
      those of normal controls, only the fibrinogen increase and PTT shortening were
      significantly different. All other tests taken into account were within normal
      limits. Only the patients without other associated diseases (diabetes or
      hypertension) showed a significant activation of fibrinolysis (either with
      respect to normal or to other RVO patient groups). In conclusion, no important
      fibrinolytic impairment was seen in our longstanding RVO patients. Fibrinolytic
      activation seen in patients without verified associated diseases may be related
      to the presence of a sound endothelium, still able to release plasminogen
      activators in response to RVO. The fibrinogen and PTT changes in RVO were
      probably due to other associated diseases.

PMID- 3696699
TI  - Macro- and microelements in the cataractous eye lens.
AB  - This investigation included the determination of Na, K, Ca, Mg and Zn in lens and
      aqueous humor of cataract patients. Along with the development of senile cataract
      the Na concentration increased, while the K concentration diminished. In the
      cataractous eye lenses the concentration of Ca and Zn were higher than in normal
      transparent lenses. The concentrations of the investigated elements, except for
      Zn, were higher in lenses than in aqueous humor of the same patients. The
      concentration of Na and Zn in aqueous humor decreased as compared to the values
      for normal healthy persons. The Ca and K concentrations in aqueous humor were
      similar to the values for healthy persons. Investigations of electrolyte
      composition of the lens would be valuable for understanding the genesis and
      developmental mechanism of senile cataract.

PMID- 3696700
TI  - [Spontaneous corneal rupture after strontium irradiation of a conjunctival
      squamous cell carcinoma].
AB  - A 87-year-old female patient with a squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva
      was treated with local strontium-90 irradiation (with a so-called 'Dermaplatte').
      In spite of a relatively low dosage, radiotherapy was followed by a corneal ulcer
      with consecutive rupture of the cornea. The cause of this unexpected perforation
      was, besides the effect of low-dose irradiation, probably a metabolic disorder of
      the cornea and a disturbance of the tear film due to the carcinoma which had
      spread on Bowman's layer of the cornea in an exophytic manner and was accompanied
      by a dense lymphocytic infiltration. An exenteration was performed and, at the
      last examination (1 year later), no local recurrence could be detected.

PMID- 3696701
TI  - A new hypothesis on tear film stability.
AB  - Classically, the stability of the lacrimal film is due to the surfacing of the
      epithelial surface by the mucus produced by the goblet cells. However, there are
      many objections to this hypothesis. Deducing from electron microscopy of the
      epithelial cells, which shows vesicles in the superficial layer and glycocalix
      threads on the microvilli and other clinical facts, we think that the surfacing
      agent is not mucus but glycocalix. The disappearance of goblet cells during sicca
      syndrome is not the cause but the result of the dryness. Epithelial cell
      integrity is essential for the stability of the tear film and therapeutics must
      aim at regenerating these cells rather than only replacing the lacrimal film by
      tear substitute.

PMID- 3696702
TI  - High-energy electrons used to inhibit experimental intraocular proliferation and
      detachment.
AB  - Irradiation of rabbit eyes with high-energy electrons was used to test the
      inhibition of experimental intraocular proliferation and retinal detachment,
      produced by intravitreal implantation of 250,000 homologous fibroblasts. After
      irradiation with 2,000 rad, started 5 days after implantation, 45% of eyes (9 of
      20) still manifested traction detachment. When the dose was increased to 3,000
      rad and radiation treatment was started 1 day after implantation, proliferation
      and traction detachment were observed in only 10% of eyes (2 of 20). No acute
      damage to retinal tissue or nerve fibers was observed. Because it is easily
      available, simple in application and dose adjustment, and without toxic side
      effects, radiation therapy should be considered as an effective alternative to
      drug treatment for the inhibition of intraocular proliferation and detachment.
      Statistically significant results of this investigation suggest its use combined
      with surgery in certain reproliferative cases in man.

PMID- 3696703
TI  - Ocular complications in strabismus fixus convergens.
AB  - Two cases of strabismus fixus are described. Histopathological examination of the
      eyeballs from both patients revealed the following complications of this rare
      disorder: ocular ischemia, atrophy of the optic nerve, and old central retinal
      artery occlusion. These complications are likely to be secondary to the
      mechanical stretching and torsion of the optic nerve with subsequent
      strangulation of its blood supply. Early surgical correction of strabismus fixus
      is recommended.

PMID- 3696704
TI  - [Atrial septum defect in people over 50].

PMID- 3696705
TI  - [Vitrectomy in Terson' syndrome].

PMID- 3696707
TI  - [Problems of antibacterial treatment in clinical practice].

PMID- 3696706
TI  - [Serum cholesterol levels in tumor patients].

PMID- 3696708
TI  - [Prolonged togetherness of mother and child in the hospital].

PMID- 3696709
TI  - [Unusual polymorphic immunocytoma].

PMID- 3696710
TI  - [New type of rate-responsive pacemaker].

PMID- 3696711
TI  - [Successful cyclosporin therapy in aplastic anemia].

PMID- 3696713
TI  - [Cooperation for nursing--a concern on national and international levels].

PMID- 3696712
TI  - [Acute and chronic hemorrheological effects of clopamide in ischemic heart
      disease].

PMID- 3696714
TI  - [Smoking in our schools. Smoking habits of students in the nursing school of the
      Sisters of Mercy in Linz. A survey. 2].

PMID- 3696715
TI  - [Smoking and bronchial carcinoma: socio-medical conclusions].

PMID- 3696716
TI  - [Health for all by the year 2000].

PMID- 3696717
TI  - [Vocational expectations by beginners in the nursing profession].

PMID- 3696718
TI  - [Diagnostic imaging in spinal tumors].
AB  - In addition to noninvasive imaging procedures, conventional radiology and isotope
      scintigraphy, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are
      also now available for the diagnosis of tumors of the spinal column. For specific
      problems, invasive methods like myelography and angiography are still indicated.
      The latter serves at the same time as an access for therapeutic endovascular
      procedures (i.e., embolization), which are mostly necessary preoperatively in
      highly vascular tumors. The diagnostic value of individual methods is discussed.
      For the invasive procedures, the risks are discussed and recommendations are made
      to avoid complications.

PMID- 3696719
TI  - [Treatment strategy of malignant bone tumors of the spine].
AB  - In patients with big, tumorous changes in the vertebral bodies, conservative
      measures like radiotherapy, medical therapy, and external support measures are
      often no longer applicable. As a result of the instability of the spinal column,
      most of the patients are bedridden and in great pain. Signs of root compression
      occur frequently, as do incipient or incomplete transverse lesions. On the one
      hand, these signs result from tumor growth and on the other from collapse of the
      vertebral bodies with kyphosis and fragment dislocation in the spinal canal. In
      these patients the procedure of choice is "ventral" tumor removal, decompression
      of the spinal cord and roots, followed by stabilization. By the "dorsal"
      operative method, it is not possible to overcome the major cause of the
      instability and pain. On the basis of the results obtained in 100 "ventral"
      resections of the vertebral bodies, the treatment strategy is presented, ranging
      from the preliminary examination to the postoperative period.

PMID- 3696720
TI  - Rhinoplasty.

PMID- 3696721
TI  - Operative setting and anesthesia.
AB  - Just as surgical techniques have changed in rhinoplasty, there have been dramatic
      changes in the techniques of delivery of care. This article has emphasized
      concepts of outpatient operative technique and anesthesia, especially as they
      relate to an ambulatory facility incorporated in a surgical practice.

PMID- 3696722
TI  - The Medical Practice Act of 1985. Part VIII--Medical doctor licensure provisions:
      chapter 17 of the regulations.

PMID- 3696723
TI  - State reports 1986 morbidity statistics.

PMID- 3696725
TI  - Physicians find business education helpful.

PMID- 3696724
TI  - On death certificate accuracy.

PMID- 3696726
TI  - Tax reforms affect retirement plans. The Health Care Group.

PMID- 3696728
TI  - Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting as lung abscess.

PMID- 3696727
TI  - Compliance with recommendations for early detection of cancer.

PMID- 3696729
TI  - Common courtesy and medical practice.

PMID- 3696730
TI  - Help for drug abusers.

PMID- 3696732
TI  - Questioning the physician's broader responsibility.

PMID- 3696731
TI  - Success for tort reform demands participation.

PMID- 3696733
TI  - Graduate extends international education.

PMID- 3696734
TI  - Allopurinol hypersensitivity can be fatal.

PMID- 3696735
TI  - 1987 personal tax planning tips.

PMID- 3696736
TI  - Court permits withdrawal of life support systems.

PMID- 3696737
TI  - Is this cost shifting or saving?

PMID- 3696738
TI  - Gastroenteritis in the pediatric ward of Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan in 1983.

PMID- 3696739
TI  - Immunization and the war against the child killers in Nusa Tenggara Timur,
      Indonesia (a preliminary report on a local demonstration project).

PMID- 3696740
TI  - Necrosis of the foot and the skin of buttock following intramuscular on site
      injection.

PMID- 3696741
TI  - Idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia: sensory features and pain mechanisms.
AB  - We present a case report of a patient with the typical sensory features of
      idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (ITN). The pain was elicited by innocuous
      stimuli, summated with repeated stimulation, radiated outside the stimulus zone,
      referred to a distant site, persisted beyond the period of stimulation, and
      exhibited a variable refractory period. Unusual sensory features included
      multiple trigger zones that changed over time and involved all 3 trigeminal
      divisions. Our sensory evaluation indicated that the pain was evoked by
      repetitive activation of rapidly adapting, A beta, low-threshold mechanoreceptive
      afferents. However, activation of such mechanoreceptive afferents alone never
      produces pain in normal situations and often leads to a suppression of pain
      responsivity. The findings support the idea that the mechanism of pain in ITN
      involves pathophysiological mechanisms in the central nervous system. Our
      hypothesis is that structural and functional changes in the trigeminal system
      result in an alteration in the receptive field organization of wide-dynamic-range
      (WDR) neurons. There appears to be an alteration in the surround inhibition
      mechanism of these neurons leading to an expansion of their touch receptive
      fields. This results in touch stimuli producing activity in WDR neurons that
      mimics the activity produced under normal conditions by noxious stimuli. Since
      WDR neurons participate in the encoding of the perceived intensity of noxious
      stimuli, a series of punctate tactile stimuli are now perceived as localized, pin
      prick or electric shock-like sensations. Similar pathophysiological mechanisms
      may explain, in part, the pain of peripheral neuropathies associated with
      postherpetic neuralgia, diabetes and causalgia.

PMID- 3696742
TI  - Development and construct validity of a knee pain questionnaire.
AB  - A knee pain questionnaire, consisting of 15 dichotomous items, was submitted to
      an item analysis, based on the probabilistic model of Rasch. Five items had to be
      discarded but the remaining 10 constituted a homogeneous set, fit to be used as a
      scale. In particular, this meant that the total number of positive responses to
      the questionnaire could be used as a simple measure of the patients' knee pain.
      Further studies must be performed in order to analyze the reliability and
      empirical validity of the scale.

PMID- 3696743
TI  - Development of a questionnaire for the assessment of active and passive coping
      strategies in chronic pain patients.
AB  - This study describes the development of a self-report questionnaire, the
      Vanderbilt Pain Management Inventory, which assesses the frequency with which
      chronic pain patients use active or passive coping strategies when their pain
      reaches a moderate or greater level of intensity. Two internally reliable scales,
      Active Coping and Passive Coping, were derived using factor analytic techniques
      from a sample of 361 rheumatoid arthritis patients. The 2 scales showed an
      opposite pattern of relationships with criterion measures. While Active Coping
      was associated with reports of less pain, less depression, less functional
      impairment, and higher general self-efficacy, Passive Coping was correlated with
      reports of greater depression, greater pain and flare-up activity, greater
      functional impairment, and lower general self-efficacy. The relationship of these
      scales to previous theory and research on coping is presented. These scales
      appear useful for the assessment of coping strategies in clinical settings and in
      treatment outcome research on chronic pain.

PMID- 3696744
TI  - Dimensions and components of observed chronic pain behavior.
AB  - This study is a replication of a study done by Turk et al. but under different
      conditions. It is an attempt to empirically examine the dimensions and components
      of overt and observable chronic pain behavior. A broader definition of pain
      behavior is chosen, namely the interaction between the pain patient and his or
      her direct environment. The results suggest that pain behavior can be
      characterized by 3 dimensions: withdrawal-approach, high arousal-low arousal and
      visible-audible. Furthermore, chronic pain behavior seems to be composed of at
      least 9 components: anxiety, attention seeking, verbal pain complaints,
      medication use, general verbal complaints, distorted posture and mobility,
      fatigue, insomnia, and depressive mood. More dimensions and components were
      discovered than in the study by Turk and his colleagues. However, they correspond
      with the variety of psychosocial problems associated with the chronic pain
      syndrome. This information seems to provide a useful basis for the development of
      an observational measurement technique for chronic pain.

PMID- 3696745
TI  - Remembrance of labor pain: how valid are retrospective pain measurements?
AB  - Recently, several authors have questioned the reliability and validity of relying
      on retrospective assessment of labor pain. Many studies designed to determine the
      relationships between psychosocial and demographic factors and pain intensity
      during labor have relied on such measurements. The purpose of this prospective
      study was to determine if primiparas and multiparas can accurately remember the
      pain of labor. Fifty primiparas and 88 multiparas participated in the study.
      Prospective assessment of in-labor pain was performed using a Visual Analogue
      Scale (VAS) in 3 phases of labor. Retrospective assessment of labor pain was
      performed 2 days post partum using the VAS. Results showed that there were
      significant differences between the amount of actual pain reported and the amount
      of pain and discomfort remembered by both primiparas and multiparas. The mean
      rating for remembered discomfort was higher than for remembered pain. The
      subjects tended to deflate the intensity of their labor pain. The results suggest
      that previous studies that have relied on retrospective assessments of labor pain
      may be invalid.

PMID- 3696746
TI  - Measurement of reported pain of childbirth: a comparison between Australian and
      Italian subjects.
AB  - A group of 22 Australian-born mothers, 10 mothers born in Italy and 8 born in
      Australia of Italian parents, were tested using the Present Pain Index, the Pain
      Rating Index (Ranking) and the Number of Words Chosen index from the McGill Pain
      Questionnaire. This questionnaire consists of words that can be used to describe
      and measure the intensity of the pain by using weighted words that have a
      sensory, an evaluative and an affective component. The subjects were mothers in
      the same maternity ward of a suburban public hospital. No statistically
      significant results were obtained.

PMID- 3696747
TI  - Nerve crush--a possible treatment of peripheral neuralgia.
AB  - Twenty-three patients with neuralgic pain (mean duration 3 years) were treated
      with crushing instead of sectioning the peripheral nerve. There was immediate
      relief of pain in 19 patients (83%). With the return of skin sensation the pain
      recurred after 3-4 months in 4 patients and within 2.5 years in another 3
      patients. Twelve (52%) of the patients felt no pain at follow-up after 3-6 years.
      Eight of the 12 patients (67%) who were free of pain at follow-up were still
      anaesthetic in the area; pain had returned in 6 of the 10 patients (60%) with
      normal skin sensation. There were no cases of postoperative deafferentation pain,
      and those 4 patients who did not experience any relief after nerve crush all had
      a restitutio ad integrum.

PMID- 3696748
TI  - The influence of drug polarity on the absorption of opioid drugs into CSF and
      subsequent cephalad migration following lumbar epidural administration:
      application to morphine and pethidine.
AB  - This study examines the influence of drug polarity on the rate and extent of drug
      absorption into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) following lumbar epidural
      administration. Twelve patients with pain secondary to cancer were simultaneously
      administered both morphine (10 mg) and pethidine (50 mg) in 10 ml of normal
      saline via an epidural catheter inserted in the lumbar region (usually L2,3) and
      attached to a subcutaneously implanted portal reservoir. Frequent blood samples
      were collected to characterise the vascular uptake of both opioids. In addition,
      a single CSF sample was collected in each patient from the C7-T1 interspace at
      one of the following times: 10, 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min. There was a rapid
      vascular uptake of morphine from the epidural space with a mean (+/- S.D.) peak
      concentration of 173 +/- 80 ng/ml (range 52-345 ng/ml) and a time-to-peak
      concentration of 8 +/- 6 min (range 2-17 min). In contrast, the vascular uptake
      of pethidine was more variable with a mean (+/- S.D.) concentration of 274 +/-
      294 ng/ml (range 80-1113 ng/ml) and the time-to-peak concentration was 21 +/- 26
      min (range 2-75 min). There was a rapid absorption of pethidine across the dura
      mater into the CSF with peak CSF concentrations between 1400 and 1650 ng/ml
      occurring between 10 and 60 min in samples collected cephalad (C7-T1 interspace)
      from the administration point in the lumbar region. However, the peak morphine
      concentration in CSF was delayed relative to the pethidine peak and occurred at
      120 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3696750
TI  - Epidural administration of opiates by a new device.
AB  - Epidural administration of opiates as a long-term treatment of cancer pain, even
      for out-patients, is now well established. Most reports describe intermittent
      injections given several times a day, which may have technical and personal
      disadvantages. Continuous epidural infusion may be preferable. This report
      describes 16 patients who were treated with epidural opiates delivered by plastic
      infusion pumps. Pain relief was effective, the equipment was inexpensive and home
      treatment was easily accomplished.

PMID- 3696749
TI  - A review of treatment modalities for periodic migrainous neuralgia.
AB  - Ten cases of periodic migrainous neuralgia are reported. Clinical details of the
      cases including presentation and clinical course are typical of this condition.
      Treatment of these 10 cases encompasses medical, minor surgical and major
      surgical procedures. The results demonstrate that if medical treatment fails or
      there are severe drug side effects, trigeminal rhizotomy may be effective in
      producing long-term pain relief. If pain recurs or trigeminal rhizotomy is
      ineffective, section of the greater and lesser superficial petrosal nerves should
      be considered.

PMID- 3696751
TI  - Dorsal horn (convergent) neurones in the intact anaesthetized arthritic rat. II.
      Heterotopic inhibitory influences.
AB  - Recordings were made from dorsal horn neurones in the spinal cord and trigeminal
      nucleus caudalis of intact anaesthetized rats. These rats had been rendered
      polyarthritic by s.c. injection of Mycobacterium butyricum suspended in oil into
      the base of the tail. The experiments were carried out during the acute phase of
      the illness (3-4 weeks post inoculation) during which hyperalgesia occurred. The
      disease mainly affected the hind paws and the tail and, to a lesser extent, the
      forepaws. The facial area of the animals was not at all affected. As described in
      a previous paper, recordings from lumbar dorsal horn neurones revealed that two
      subpopulations could be described on the basis of their electrophysiological
      characteristics. Namely, 'typical' units which include convergent, non-noxious
      and proprioceptive neurones and which have properties essentially similar to
      those found in healthy rats, and 'atypical' cells which have no counterpart in
      healthy rats and which include convergent and non-noxious neurones. All the
      typical convergent neurones were inhibited by noxious stimuli applied to
      heterotopic body areas, whereas typical non-noxious and proprioceptive neurones
      were not; these observations are similar to those described in healthy rats as
      diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC). However, it was also found that 88%
      of the atypical convergent and 85% of the atypical non-noxious cells were
      inhibited by various heterotopic stimuli. The most important observation was that
      gentle stimulation such as mild pressure applied to the inflamed contralateral
      ankle joint--a stimulus intensity which has never been found to be effective in
      healthy animals--was capable of triggering inhibition of both typical and
      atypical convergent neurones. Recordings from trigeminal nucleus caudalis
      neurones revealed that the entire population presented essentially the same
      properties as those observed in healthy animals in terms of activity evoked by
      natural or electrical stimulation of their excitatory receptive fields. The
      activity of non-noxious neurones was never modified by any heterotopically
      applied stimuli. By contrast, all convergent neurones were inhibited by
      heterotopic stimuli, noxious (52 degrees C, pinch) or non-noxious (light and mild
      pressure), applied to inflamed areas. While the inhibition triggered by noxious
      stimuli was reminiscent of that observed in healthy rats, the inhibition
      triggered by non-noxious mechanical stimuli was related to the inflammatory state
      of the part of the body stimulated, the most sensitive areas being the hind
      paws.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3696752
TI  - Is watery diarrhoea a feature of distal ileum resection in Crohn's disease female
      patients?

PMID- 3696753
TI  - Pituitary computed tomography and dynamic tests of prolactin and thyrotropin
      secretion in 103 hyperprolactinemic patients.

PMID- 3696754
TI  - Effects of nandrolone decanoate on plasma calcitonin, parathormone and vitamin D,
      in elderly women.

PMID- 3696755
TI  - Relationship between arterial hypertension and alcohol withdrawal syndrome.

PMID- 3696756
TI  - Problems and prospects in the early diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma.

PMID- 3696757
TI  - Surgical intervention for adult scoliosis (continuing education credit).

PMID- 3696758
TI  - Body image considerations for the adult scoliosis patient having spinal fusion
      surgery.

PMID- 3696759
TI  - Juvenile idiopathic scoliosis.

PMID- 3696760
TI  - The development of a patient classification system for pediatric orthopaedic
      units--a case study.

PMID- 3696761
TI  - Health care needs of the chronically ill.

PMID- 3696762
TI  - Diastematomyelia and congenital scoliosis.

PMID- 3696763
TI  - To what extent can nurses implement noninvasive practices (eg. heat/cold)?

PMID- 3696764
TI  - Biomphalaria glabrata: changes in calcium reserves following parasitism by larval
      Schistosoma mansoni.
AB  - Larval Schistosoma mansoni have been shown to induce morphological changes to the
      internal calcium reserves (in particular the calcareous inclusions in Type A
      calcium cells and to the inner, nacreous layer of the shell) of Biomphalaria
      glabrata within 48 h of miracidial penetration. Control experiments have shown
      that these changes were not due to either the experimental procedures used,
      mechanical damage or to starvation effects. The effects were, however, analogous
      to experimentally induced acidosis, suggesting that the rapidly transforming
      miracidium-sporocyst quickly induces changes in the host's metabolism, presumably
      by the production and release of CO2 and waste metabolites into the haemolymph.

PMID- 3696765
TI  - Co-existence of congeneric species of acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus lucii and
      A. anguillae in eels Anguilla anguilla in Ireland.
AB  - A population of eels Anguilla anguilla from Lough Derg, R. Shannon, Ireland,
      harbouring infections of both Acanthocephalus lucii and A. anguillae was studied
      over three years. Both parasite species had the same intermediate host and eels
      appeared to be the only definitive host for A. anguillae. Throughout the whole
      period, A. lucii was the dominant parasite, was over-dispersed throughout the eel
      population and most frequently occurred as a single species infection. A.
      anguillae was far less common, its dispersion was close to random at most times
      and it almost invariably occurred as a mixed species infection. The proportions
      of the two species remained fairly constant over the period. Despite some
      indication of site selection in the intestine, the distribution of both species
      overlapped considerably and there was no evidence of competitive displacement of
      one species by the other or of resource partitioning in space. The life-histories
      of both species were similar: they infected eels, bred and were lost from fish at
      the same time of year and there was no indication of resource partitioning in
      time. Congeneric species of acanthocephalans can thus co-exist in apparently
      stable equilibrium in fish as predicted and without any evidence of interactions,
      but it is still considered that exploitation competition between the species may
      be occurring in eels.

PMID- 3696766
TI  - Comparisons of Heligmosomoides polygyrus primary infection in protein-deficient
      and well-nourished mice.
AB  - Primary infections of Heligmosomoides polygyrus were studied in adult male CD1
      mice fed on isoenergetic synthetic diets containing either 2% or 20% protein
      (casein). A slight reduction in food intake was observed during infection, and
      this was unaffected by diet. Protein deficiency was also found to have no effect
      upon worm establishment. Evidence was found, though, to suggest that the worms
      have a more severe effect upon the host in protein-deficient mice.
      Hypoalbuminaemia was observed due to diet and also infection, and this was
      synergistic. There was an increase in non-albumin plasma protein during infection
      which was not effected by diet. The circulating urea concentration was reduced
      during protein deficiency, as was the level of essential amino acids, but non
      essential amino acid levels were raised. An increase in the levels of urea and
      essential amino acids was observed at day 4 of infection in mice on the 20% diet,
      but not on the 2% diet. Splenic atrophy occurred during infection, but the
      splanomegaly that occurred early during infection was proportionally greater in
      protein-deficient mice. These results are discussed in terms of the
      pathophysiology of both protein deficiency and infection, and comparisons are
      made with human malnutrition syndromes.

PMID- 3696767
TI  - Evidence for predisposition in humans to infection with Ascaris, hookworm,
      Enterobius and Trichuris in a South Indian fishing community.
AB  - Studies of patterns of reinfection with four species of intestinal nematodes
      (Ascaris, hookworm, Trichuris and Enterobius) in 174 individual patients
      following chemotherapeutic treatment revealed statistical evidence for
      predisposition to heavy or light infection (relative to the average level in the
      overall population). Analyses of associations between the abundances of the four
      species of nematodes within a combined sample of 525 worm burdens showed
      significant correlations between 5 out of the 6 possible pair-wise comparisons
      between species. The relevance of these results to the design of control
      programmes based on chemotherapeutic application is discussed.

PMID- 3696768
TI  - The distribution and abundance of Enterobius vermicularis in a South Indian
      fishing community.
AB  - The distribution and abundance of Enterobius vermicularis in a fishing community
      in South India, as determined by counting worms expelled following mass
      anthelmintic chemotherapy, was examined in samples of patients stratified by age,
      sex and family grouping. The results of a worm expulsion study in January 1984
      are compared with those of a second expulsion programme in November 1984,
      following an 11-month period of reinfection. The prevalence of Enterobius
      infection was consistently high in all age groups of both males and females. A
      comparison of the overall prevalence and intensity of infection in the January
      and November surveys revealed significant increases in both the percent infected
      and the mean number of worms harboured in November relative to the initial level.
      No significant trends in the intensity of Enterobius according to host age or sex
      were detected in either survey. The frequency distribution of Enterobius was
      found to be highly aggregated in the population as a whole and within age groups.
      At both sampling dates, the most heavily infected 25% of the community harboured
      over 90% of the total pinworms recovered. There was a significant pattern within
      most age groups for individuals to re-acquire worm burdens of a similar magnitude
      to their initial pre-treatment burdens. Heavy infections were found to be
      associated with household. A selective or targetted approach to treatment of
      heavily infected individuals or households is likely to be an efficient means of
      reducing parasite abundance on a community-wide basis. It must be stressed,
      however, that treatment must be applied at frequent intervals in order to achieve
      a long-term reduction in pinworm abundance and to avoid the possibility of
      increasing the intensity of infection, as was observed in this community.

PMID- 3696769
TI  - Hatching and survival characteristics of Cyathocotyle bushiensis Khan 1962
      (Digenea) eggs and miracidia.
AB  - Cyathocotyle bushiensis Khan 1962 is a digenean intestinal parasite of ducks that
      appears to be involved in seasonal mortality of the definitive host. Temperature
      dependence of egg hatching and miracidial survival at 25 degrees C were
      experimentally investigated as part of a study on transmission of the larval
      stages. Maximum percentage of hatching was obtained at a temperature of 25
      degrees C, at which the average hatching time was 21.7 days. The average hatching
      time decreased linearly from 38.9 days to 9.8 days between 18 and 28 degrees C.
      Eggs exposed to cold (4 degrees C) prior to incubation at 25 degrees C were
      significantly less successful in hatching than fresh eggs incubated at the same
      temperature. Their hatching percentage was much reduced and their average
      hatching time was increased. Similarly, eggs collected in late autumn (as opposed
      to summer) and incubated at 23 degrees C had significantly lower hatching success
      and significantly increased average hatching time. At 25 degrees C, the average
      life-span of the miracidia was 8.8 h. These results are compared with similar
      data from other digenean species and their significance is discussed in relation
      to transmission to the first intermediate host in climatic conditions prevalent
      in endemic areas.

PMID- 3696770
TI  - The regulation of Ostertagia ostertagi populations in calves: the effect of past
      and current experience of infection on proportional establishment and parasite
      survival.
AB  - A mathematical model of the parasitic phase of the life-cycle of Ostertagia
      ostertagi in calves is described. The model is used in the re-analysis of
      previously published data from a long-term trickle infection experiment in which
      groups of calves were infected daily with graded doses of 3rd-stage (L3) larvae.
      The results of the analysis are consistent with the hypothesis that the observed
      changes in the intensity of infection in the calves were the result of a decline
      in the proportional establishment of ingested L3 larvae, and a rise in the death
      rate of the 5th-stage worms as the duration of exposure to infection increased.
      The proportion of ingested L3 larvae that become established in the mucosa can be
      described as an exponential decay function of the duration of the infection.
      Within the range of trickle intensities investigated, the function appears to
      vary independently of the level of exposure to infection. In contrast, the rate
      of mortality of the 5th-stage worms appears to be an increasing linear function
      of the total cumulative number of 3rd-stage larvae administered.

PMID- 3696771
TI  - The regulation of Ostertagia ostertagi populations in calves: density-dependent
      control of fecundity.
AB  - The decline in faecal egg counts, characteristic of calves which have been
      experimentally infected with Ostertagia ostertagi, is analysed using a
      mathematical model in which parasite fecundity is assumed to be an inverse
      function of both the duration and intensity of infection. The model incorporates
      a description of the frequency distribution of mature parasites between hosts
      (which is less over-dispersed than is usual for many other helminth infections).
      The model provides a good overall description of the decline in faecal egg
      production observed during trickle and single infection experiments. The main
      discrepancy between a comparison of the model predictions and the results of the
      most detailed available series of trickle infection experiments occurs at the
      initial peak of egg production. The magnitude of this difference appears to be
      related to the worm burden at the peak of egg production. The possible mechanisms
      underlying density-dependent regulation of the fecundity of O. ostertagia are
      discussed.

PMID- 3696772
TI  - A mathematical model of the population biology of Ostertagia ostertagi in calves
      and yearlings.
AB  - A mathematical model of the population biology of Ostertagia ostertagi is
      described. The model assumes that the natural control and regulation of parasite
      numbers is mediated by four processes: the effect of climate on the development
      and survival of the free-living stages; changes in the rate of establishment of
      the infective larvae, and density-dependent variations in parasite survival and
      fecundity. The model is used to compare the course of the infection in two groups
      of calves. One group is assumed to have been reared under conditions typical of
      S.E. England and the other under conditions typical of Louisiana, USA. The more
      general behaviour of the model is discussed in the context of sensitivity
      analysis. The model is an excellent mimic of the epidemiology of bovine
      ostertagiasis. It can be used as a simple screening procedure to help determine
      which of many possible anthelmintic control strategies should be selected for
      more detailed examination in the field, and it provides a theoretical framework
      within which ideas concerning the epidemiology of parasitic gastroenteritis can
      be assessed and refined.

PMID- 3696773
TI  - Population biology of Ostertagia ostertagi and anthelmintic strategies against
      ostertagiasis in calves.
AB  - Five chemoprophylactic or chemotherapeutic strategies against bovine
      ostertagiasis are compared using a mathematical model of the population biology
      of Ostertagia ostertagi. The model offers a means of screening novel strategies
      prior to their further investigation in the field. Under conditions of climate
      and management typical of many regions in Northern temperate Europe, the model
      indicates that all of the tested prophylactic strategies will result in a
      profound reduction in the intensity of infection in grazing beef calves when
      compared with an untreated control group or the simple therapeutic protocol. Not
      all of those strategies which caused diminution in the scale of the midsummer
      rise in pasture larval contamination resulted in progressively less contaminated
      pastures in subsequent years. Moreover, the reproductive potential of the
      parasite is so great that the principal advantage of the 'pasture cleaning'
      effect that is the consequence of some protocols is not that the pasture may
      eventually be used to graze untreated calves but that the treated animals are
      subjected to a progressively smaller parasitic challenge with the concomitant pay
      off in production gains.

PMID- 3696774
TI  - Babesia vesperuginis: natural and experimental infections in British bats
      (Microchiroptera).
AB  - Babesia vesperuginis is described from blood of two species of British bat:
      Pipistrellus pipistrellus and Myotis mystacinus. Reticulocytes appeared
      significantly elevated in blood films of P. pipistrellus infected with B.
      vesperuginis compared with uninfected laboratory-maintained bats or apparently
      uninfected wild-caught bats. Infected captive bats had significantly enlarged
      spleens. B. vesperuginis was transmitted by inoculation of infected blood to 5
      uninfected captive P. pipistrellus. The course of infection followed a pattern of
      a rising parasitaemia accompanied by a rise in reticulocytes, followed by a fall
      in parasitaemia to low (less than 0.1%) or undetectable levels. When sacrificed,
      the Babesia-infected bats had significantly lowered blood haemoglobin,
      significantly raised white blood cell counts and enlarged spleens compared to
      uninfected bats. Attempts to transmit the parasite to irradiated and athymic
      'nude' mice by inoculation of infected blood were unsuccessful. The experimental
      results and observations of infected wild bats indicate the potential
      pathogenicity of B. vesperuginis to bats. It is likely that the vector of B.
      vesperuginis is Argas vespertilionis because no Ixodid ticks were found on P.
      pistrellus.

PMID- 3696775
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of the tegument of adult S. margrebowiei Le Roux,
      1933 with particular reference to the structure of the tubercles.
AB  - The tegumental surface of Schistosoma margrebowiei as viewed by scanning electron
      microscopy is described. Both spined and unspined tubercles were found on the
      dorsal and dorso-lateral surfaces of sexually mature (in copula) male worms.
      Unpaired males lacked spined tubercles and the development of the spines is
      considered to occur only when worms are in copula. The females lack tubercles.
      The importance of tubercle structure in the identification of schistosome species
      and the effect of sexual maturity on their development is discussed.

PMID- 3696776
TI  - Transient non-susceptibility to Schistosoma mansoni associated with atrial
      amoebocytic accumulations in the snail host Biomphalaria glabrata.
AB  - In some Biomphalaria glabrata-Schistosoma mansoni combinations snails are
      susceptible to infection as juveniles, but have variable susceptibility as
      adults. These snails become non-susceptible at the onset of egg-laying and
      typically revert to susceptibility in old age. Certain stocks of B. glabrata have
      the capacity to form amoebocytic accumulations in the atrium, and this ability is
      under genetic control. The atrial amoebocytic accumulations are transitory,
      typically appearing at onset of egg-laying and disappearing after a few months. A
      snail stock which has genetic tendencies for both adult variable susceptibility
      and atrial amoebocytic accumulations was studied. An association between the time
      of occurrence of adult non-susceptibility and atrial accumulation is revealed as
      snails never became infected with S. mansoni when amoebocytic accumulations were
      present. Developing parasites, however, were not necessarily encapsulated and
      destroyed by amoebocytes. Some sporocysts were able to delay development until
      the amoebocytic accumulations disappeared. The timing of atrial amoebocytic
      accumulations and resulting transient non-susceptibility in this host-parasite
      combination could influence snail population dynamics.

PMID- 3696777
TI  - Trypanosoma musculi: influence of uric acid on in vitro formation of metacyclic
      trypomastigotes.
AB  - Uric acid is the most important constituent in the urine of insects. Infective
      metacyclic forms of the stercorarian trypanosomes are produced in the rectum of
      their insect vector and are thus in contact with uric acid. Using a culture
      system which permitted the growth of the insect stages of Trypanosoma musculi, we
      studied the influence of uric acid on the metacyclogenesis of this parasite. When
      added to the culture, uric acid enhanced the production of metacyclic forms.
      Furthermore, it rendered these trypanosomes highly infective by the oral route.
      It is suggested that uric acid may play an important role on the metacyclogenesis
      of T. musculi.

PMID- 3696778
TI  - Comparative study on the infection rates of different Glossina species for East
      and West African Trypanosoma vivax stocks.
AB  - Teneral male Glossina morsitans centralis, G. austeni, G. palpalis palpalis, G.
      p. gambiensis, G. fuscipes fuscipes, G. tachinoides and G. brevipalpis were fed
      on the flanks of Boran calves infected with Trypanosoma vivax stock ILRAD 2241
      isolated from a cow in Likoni, Kenya; stock ILRAD 2337 isolated from a cow in
      Galana, Kenya; stock ILRAD 1392 isolated from a cow in Nigeria; or, stock EATRO
      1721 isolated from G. m. submorsitans in Nigeria. The tsetse were fed on the
      infected hosts for 24 days and were then dissected to determine the infection
      rates. In G. m. centralis and G. brevipalpis, the mature infection rates of T.
      vivax from Kenya were 61.1%, and 75.3% for ILRAD 2241, and 36.2% and 58.2% for
      ILRAD 2337, respectively. In G. austeni and in the four palpalis group of tsetse,
      the rates for these two stocks were very low and ranged from 0% in G. p. palpalis
      to 1.8% in G. austeni for ILRAD 2241 and from 0% in G. f. fuscipes to 5% in G.
      tachinoides for ILRAD 2337. In contrast, the hypopharyngeal infection rates of T.
      vivax from Nigeria were quite high in all the 7 tsetse species and sub-species.
      They ranged from 55.5% in G. austeni to 91.9% in G. p. gambiensis for ILRAD 1392,
      and from 71.4% in G. austenei to 97.1% in G. brevipalpis for EATRO 1721.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3696779
TI  - Immunological relationships during primary infection with Heligmosomoides
      polygyrus (Nematospiroides dubius): the capacity of adult worms to survive
      following transplantation to recipient mice.
AB  - Chronic primary infections with Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematospiroides
      dubius) are still relatively poorly documented, particularly in relation to the
      role of host resistance in limiting worm survival. In the present work the
      duration of infection with H. polygyrus was studied in CFLP mice given doses of
      infective larvae ranging from 50 to 500 L3. The least heavily infected (50 L3)
      group ceased egg production earliest (week 36) whereas eggs were still detected
      in the faeces of mice given 500 larvae in week 42. At autopsy (week 42) mice
      given 50 larvae had virtually lost their entire worm burden with 5 out of 11 mice
      still harbouring a single worm each. However, all the mice in the group given 500
      larvae were still infected, the highest worm burden being 93. The concentration
      of serum IgG1 and specific antibody was highest in mice given 500 larvae, but
      sera taken from mice with declining worm burdens 19-38 weeks post-infection did
      not contain detectable host-protective antibody. During the course of infection
      in CFLP mice, H. polygyrus sustained irreversible changes in its capacity for
      subsequent survival. Thus, adult worms transferred to naive mice 2, 7, 14, 30 or
      36 weeks post-infection did not live longer than worms of a comparable age in the
      respective donor group. In contrast, primary infection worms taken from jirds in
      which expulsion is usually completed by 6 weeks post-infection, re-established in
      mice and survived considerably longer than in the group of donor jirds. These
      results were discussed in relation to the possible interactions between parasite
      senility and immunomodulation, and host resistance in limiting primary infections
      with H. polygyrus in mice and jirds.

PMID- 3696780
TI  - Interspecific characterization of several taeniid cestodes by isoenzyme analysis
      using isoelectric focusing in agarose.
AB  - Taenia cestodes were obtained from 5 different definitive host species in Kenya
      and 175 different samples were examined by classical morphological methods and by
      isoenzyme analysis using isoelectric focusing in agarose. Gels were stained for
      17 different enzymes and 3 of these were used in the construction of isoenzyme
      profiles. The samples fell into 25 zymodemes, and no zymodeme contained more than
      1 species of Taenia, indicating that isoenzyme analysis can reliably be used for
      the identification of species of this genus.

PMID- 3696781
TI  - Contributions of ascariasis to poor nutritional status in children from Chiriqui
      Province, Republic of Panama.
AB  - Relationships between ascariasis and lactose digestion and between ascariasis and
      food transit time from mouth to caecum were investigated in young children from
      Chiriqui Province, Republic of Panama. The breath hydrogen method was used in
      both studies. Ascaris-infected children showed a significantly poorer degree of
      lactose digestion following a test oral load than uninfected children. Recovery
      of the capacity of the children to digest lactose was still not fully complete
      for at least 3 weeks following anthelmintic treatment. On average, the mouth-to
      caecum transit time was similar in infected and uninfected children, but among
      the Ascaris-infected children the transit time tended to be shorter in relation
      to the intensity of infection. Evidence from a cross-sectional survey indicated
      that ascariasis was significantly associated with reduced plasma vitamin A and
      carotenoid concentrations. This relationship remained after controlling for a
      range of socio-economic variables. Ascaris-infected children were frequently
      found to have lower haematocrits and blood haemoglobin concentrations than
      uninfected children, but these relationships could not be attributed to
      ascariasis alone.

PMID- 3696783
TI  - [Proceedings of the international symposium: Current problems on the subject of
      congenital defects. Alghero, 27-28 September 1985].

PMID- 3696782
TI  - Ascaris lumbricoides infection in pre-school children from Chiriqui Province,
      Panama.
AB  - An epidemiological survey of intestinal parasitic infections was conducted in a
      sample of 203 children aged 3-5 years from a semi-urban and a rural community in
      Chiriqui, Panama, in 1983-4. On the basis of stool examinations, the prevalences
      of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, hookworm, Giardia intestinalis,
      Entamoeba spp. and Strongyloides stercoralis were found to be 27, 34, 14, 15, 5
      and 4% respectively. The results from children from the two communities were
      compared. Polyparasitism occurred significantly more often in rural than semi
      urban children. Following anthelmintic treatment with levamisole, the numbers of
      A. lumbricoides passed/child were recorded and the frequency distribution of the
      parasite was observed to be highly aggregated with a variance to mean ratio of
      10.2. For A. lumbricoides, relationships between worm burden, worm biomass and
      egg production were investigated. In the data analysis, an attempt was made to
      explore the influence of numbers of male worms on egg production. The results are
      compared with those obtained during other recent studies on the epidemiology of
      A. lumbricoides infection in other countries.

PMID- 3696784
TI  - [Recent progress in the treatment and prognosis of congenital cardiopathies in
      early infancy].

PMID- 3696785
TI  - [Surgical and prosthetic treatment of congenital malformations of the limbs].

PMID- 3696786
TI  - [Role of the obstetrician in the prenatal prevention and treatment of congenital
      defects].

PMID- 3696787
TI  - [Registries of congenital malformations in Italy (introductory report)].

PMID- 3696788
TI  - [Surveillance of congenital malformations].

PMID- 3696789
TI  - [Identification of teratogenic risk factors by a case-control approach].

PMID- 3696790
TI  - [Use of a registry for genetic counseling].

PMID- 3696791
TI  - [Registry of congenital malformation. Performing the follow-up].

PMID- 3696792
TI  - [Registries of malformations and the programming of services].

PMID- 3696793
TI  - Childhood poisoning--an endless concern.

PMID- 3696794
TI  - Phosphorus metabolism and its disorders in childhood.

PMID- 3696795
TI  - Childhood uremic bone disease.

PMID- 3696796
TI  - Explaining death to school-age children.

PMID- 3696797
TI  - Maternal anxiety and the nature of sleep onset latency in hospitalized children.

PMID- 3696798
TI  - Self-help groups for parents.

PMID- 3696799
TI  - Chronically ill school-age children's use of time.

PMID- 3696800
TI  - Organ donation: what the new "required request" law means to you.

PMID- 3696801
TI  - Pediatric management problems (handfoot syndrome of sickle cell disease).

PMID- 3696802
TI  - Results of the Pediatric Nursing survey on the importance of pediatric preventive
      behaviors.

PMID- 3696803
TI  - Home phototherapy.

PMID- 3696804
TI  - SIDS article 'unclear'.

PMID- 3696805
TI  - The nurse manager: clarifying ethical issues in professional role responsibility.

PMID- 3696806
TI  - OTC-menstrual pain preparations.

PMID- 3696807
TI  - Pulmonary vascular extraction of circulating norepinephrine in infants with
      bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
AB  - Although the pulmonary circulation in infants with advanced bronchopulmonary
      dysplasia (BPD) is characterized by abnormal structure and vasoreactivity,
      metabolic lung functions have not been studied in these infants. To test the
      hypothesis that patients with severe BPD may have abnormal metabolic lung
      function, we assessed the pulmonary vascular extraction of circulating
      norepinephrine in six children with BPD during cardiac catheterization. Plasma
      norepinephrine levels were measured from simultaneously drawn mixed venous (main
      pulmonary artery) and left atrium or femoral artery samples. In comparison with
      four infants with mild heart disease without pulmonary hypertension, we found
      that infants with BPD extract proportionately less norepinephrine than non-BPD
      infants [-7 +/- 50% (BPD) versus +27 +/- 6% (non-BPD); P less than 0.001, t
      test]. Three infants with BPD had higher arterial than mixed venous
      concentrations of plasma norepinephrine, suggesting net production across the
      lung. Plasma catecholamine levels and percent extraction correlated poorly with
      cardiac index and systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance indices. However,
      this study group was characterized by a high incidence of pulmonary (6/6) and
      systemic (4/6) hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy (4/6), and subsequent
      death (3/6). We conclude that infants with severe BPD and pulmonary hypertension
      have decreased pulmonary vascular clearance or net production of circulating
      norepinephrine, but links between altered pulmonary catecholamine metabolism and
      pulmonary hypertension, or other cardiovascular abnormalities associated with
      BPD, remain speculative.

PMID- 3696808
TI  - Changes in lung tissue fibronectin content and synthesis during postnatal lung
      growth.
AB  - We studied changes in lung tissue fibronectin content and synthesis during
      postnatal lung growth in rats. We reasoned that fibronectin, which is important
      in cell differentiation, migration, and adhesion, and in the organization of the
      extracellular matrix, might play a role in the rapid cell proliferation and
      alveolar septal formation that occurs postnatally in mammalian lungs. Newborn
      rats were sacrificed at 4, 7, 11, 14, and 21 days after birth. The lungs were
      perfused and lavaged, tissue fibronectin was extracted using urea and heparin
      (Bray et al, Science 1981; 214:793) and the extracted fibronectin was measured by
      enzyme-linked immunoassay. Tissue fibronectin synthesis was measured by the in
      vivo incorporation of 35S-methionine into fibronectin that was extracted from
      lung tissue and immunoprecipitated. Lavage fibronectin and albumin content and
      lung tissue collagen (hydroxyproline) content were also determined. Lung tissue
      fibronectin content per g dry lung almost doubled between days 4 and 7 after
      birth, was slightly higher at day 14 than at day 7, and decreased sharply between
      days 14 and 21. Lung tissue fibronectin synthesis per g dry lung increased
      steadily between days 4 and 14 to reach a peak value of about 2.5 times the 4-day
      value; it then decreased sharply between days 14 and 21. The period of increased
      fibronectin content and synthesis (4 to 14 days) coincided with the period during
      which lung cell proliferation and secondary alveolar septa formation are known to
      be the most active, and the sharp decrease in fibronectin content and synthesis
      (between 14 and 21 days) coincided with the period during which lung growth and
      remodeling markedly decrease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3696809
TI  - Stridor and gastroesophageal reflux: diagnostic use of intraluminal esophageal
      acid perfusion (Bernstein test).
AB  - Five pediatric patients with stridor were evaluated to determine whether
      gastroesophageal reflux (GER) contributed to their stridor. Intraluminal
      esophageal acid perfusion (Bernstein test), pH probe, radiographic studies,
      laryngobronchoscopy, and esophageal histology were utilized. Thereafter, three of
      the five patients responded to therapy for GER; two did not. The Bernstein test
      proved to have greater diagnostic reliability than any other test employed, using
      response to antireflux therapy as the "gold standard" for diagnosing reflux
      provoked stridor.

PMID- 3696810
TI  - Sixth Annual Conference on Apnea of Infancy. Rancho Mirage, California, January
      28-30, 1988.Abstracts.

PMID- 3696811
TI  - [Dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity in the plasma of healthy children].

PMID- 3696812
TI  - [Dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity in the plasma of children with steroid
      sensitive nephrotic syndrome].

PMID- 3696813
TI  - [IgG, IgM and IgA levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of children with congenital
      toxoplasmosis].

PMID- 3696814
TI  - [Abnormalities of emotional development in children with functional disorders
      during puberty].

PMID- 3696815
TI  - [Evaluation of intake of chlorinated hydrocarbons with powdered milk and milk
      formulas].

PMID- 3696816
TI  - [Recurrent congenital lactic acidosis].

PMID- 3696817
TI  - [Toxocara infection in 2 children].

PMID- 3696818
TI  - [The role of copper in child nutrition].

PMID- 3696819
TI  - Is there a need for a change in poliomyelitis immunization policy?

PMID- 3696820
TI  - Poliomyelitis vaccination--choosing a wise policy.

PMID- 3696821
TI  - Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis: a noninfectious inflammatory process.
AB  - We report seven patients with chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis, an
      uncommon childhood disease of unknown etiology. These patients presented with
      insidious onset of bone pain at one or more sites associated with erythema,
      swelling and tenderness. Scintigraphy and radiography were consistent with
      osteomyelitis at multiple sites. Bone biopsies confirmed osteomyelitis but no
      organisms were consistently isolated. During a 1- to 3-year follow-up, most
      patients developed new symptomatic lesions. The disease was unaffected by
      antimicrobial therapy. Two of our patients had psoriasis and all were rheumatoid
      factor-, antinuclear factor- and HLA-B27-negative. We speculate that chronic
      recurrent osteomyelitis is a noninfectious inflammatory condition, a seronegative
      spondyloarthropathy. Chronic recurrent osteomyelitis is a clinical entity that
      should be recognized so that invasive diagnostic procedures and antimicrobial
      therapy are appropriately used. The patient may be reassured that this is not a
      malignant condition although there may be exacerbations over many years.

PMID- 3696822
TI  - Incidence of serious infections in afebrile neonates with a history of fever.
AB  - A retrospective analysis was performed of 109 previously well infants younger
      than 4 weeks of age with a history of fever who were evaluated for sepsis in an
      emergency department. The objective was to assess whether infants who were
      afebrile at the time of evaluation were at similar risk for serious bacterial
      infection compared with infants with documented fever at the time of evaluation.
      Of 109 infants evaluated 54 were afebrile and 55 had fever (rectal temperature,
      greater than 38 degrees C). Serious bacterial infection occurred in 8 (14.5%)
      infants with documented fever and in none of those who were afebrile at the time
      of presentation (P = 0.003). An initial complete blood count profile of the two
      groups showed that nearly all (96%) in the afebrile group had a complete blood
      count differential ratio [% of lymphocytes + % of monocytes)/(% of
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes + % band forms] of greater than 1, whereas the
      majority (87.5%) of febrile infants with serious infection had a differential
      ratio of less than 1. The neonate with a history of fever who is afebrile upon
      presentation should receive a complete evaluation for possible bacterial
      infection. The neonate who appears well, has no focal source of infection on
      examination and whose laboratory data do not reveal any abnormality represents a
      low risk for serious bacterial infection.

PMID- 3696823
TI  - Diagnostic value of the Widal test in childhood typhoid fever.
AB  - The usefulness of the Widal test in diagnosing childhood typhoid fever in endemic
      areas was investigated. The test was done on 150 children with other febrile
      illnesses and 98 bacteriologically proved cases of typhoid fever. Of the 150
      children with nontyphoidal fever, only one had an H agglutinin titer of 1:50.
      Using an H or O agglutinin titer of 1:50 or more as a criterion for diagnosis, a
      positive Widal test was found in 88% of typhoid fever cases on the first occasion
      on which the test was done. If the test was repeated at least 94% of the typhoid
      cases had a significant result. The Widal test is a useful diagnostic test in
      children in endemic areas, provided interpretation of the test is made against
      background information relating to agglutinin levels in normal children in the
      region.

PMID- 3696824
TI  - Infectious complications during peripheral intravenous therapy with Teflon
      catheters: a prospective study.
AB  - Infectious complication rates and associated risk factors occurring during
      peripheral intravenous therapy with Teflon catheters were determined during a
      prospective study of 286 cannula insertions. Suppurative phlebitis, cannula
      related sepsis or suspected sepsis did not occur. Semiquantitative cannula
      cultures revealed a colonization rate of 10.4% (12 of 115). Coagulase-negative
      nonadherent Staphylococcus was the most common colonizing organism occurring in
      10 of 12 positive catheters. Alpha Streptococcus and adherent coagulase-negative
      Staphylococcus colonized the remaining catheters. Colonization was not related to
      the rate of phlebitis, extravasation or cannulation time. No patient- or catheter
      related factors increased the risk of colonization. In children in a general
      pediatric ward the risk of catheter colonization and subsequent sepsis should not
      be used as reasons for routinely removing complication-free peripheral Teflon
      catheters at 72 hours.

PMID- 3696825
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections in children.
AB  - Forty-six episodes of cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections developed in 32
      patients undergoing cerebrospinal fluid shunt operations during a 13-year period
      (1972 to 1984). The infection rate was 21%/operative procedure and 33%/patient.
      The shunt infection rate in revisions of infected shunts was 52%, a rate
      significantly larger than that in revisions of noninfected shunts (11%). Eight
      patients (25%) of the initially infected patients had more than one infectious
      episode. Predominating pathogens in patients who had shunt revisions included
      coagulase-negative staphylococci in 8 of 15 episodes (4 patients). Coagulase
      negative staphylococci accounted for 28% and coagulase-positive staphylococci for
      14% of the initial infectious episodes. Risk factors for development of shunt
      infection included age younger than 3 years, a previously infected shunt and
      surgery to revise the infected shunt. Therapy of infected shunts with antibiotics
      alone or with antibiotics plus an operative shunt revision resulted in similar
      success rates.

PMID- 3696826
TI  - Transplacental transfer of Legionella pneumophila antibodies.
AB  - In order to determine the extent to which Legionella pneumophila antibodies are
      passively transferred transplacentally into the fetal circulation, 199 matched
      serums of mothers and their newborn infants were tested using the indirect
      fluorescent polyclonal antibody technique. Considering L. pneumophila antibody
      titers of greater than or equal to 1:64 as evidence of inapparent infection, the
      overall prevalence rate was 35.7% for the mothers and 14.1% for their newborns.
      Among the mothers who were seropositive at greater than or equal to 1:64, 36.6%
      of their matched infants acquired antibodies transplacentally. With only two
      exceptions there were no newborns with an antibody titer greater than or equal to
      1:64 whose mothers did not also evidence at least the same titer.

PMID- 3696827
TI  - Delayed appearance of Chlamydia trachomatis infections acquired at birth.
AB  - To determine the delay in detectability of Chlamydia trachomatis infections
      acquired at birth, we serially evaluated 120 infants born vaginally to infected
      women. Specimens for isolation of Chlamydia were taken from several anatomic
      sites. Results were analyzed for the age and site of the initial positive culture
      from each infant. Of 112 infants tested in the first month of life, 22% were
      culture-positive in the conjunctiva and 25% were positive in the pharynx. Initial
      positive rectal and vaginal cultures were obtained only in the third and fourth
      months of life, and all initial vaginal cultures were associated with positive
      rectal cultures. The latency of C. trachomatis in infants exposed at birth is
      often more than 1 month and can be longer than 97 days. This latency might be
      caused by suppression of the growth of the organism by antibodies acquired in
      utero.

PMID- 3696828
TI  - Fatal case of brain abscess caused by rooster pecking.

PMID- 3696829
TI  - Cysticercosis presenting as acute scrotal pain and swelling.

PMID- 3696830
TI  - Chronic asymptomatic Campylobacter bacteremia in a boy with X-linked
      hypogammaglobulinemia.

PMID- 3696831
TI  - Positive bone scan in cat-scratch disease.

PMID- 3696832
TI  - Pneumonia in ambulatory patients.

PMID- 3696833
TI  - Bacteremia without fever.

PMID- 3696834
TI  - Proceedings of a conference: Clinical pharmacology and efficacy of cefixime.
      Sonoma, CA, March 20 and 21, 1987.

PMID- 3696835
TI  - Cefixime: spectrum of antibacterial activity against 16,016 clinical isolates.
AB  - The spectrum of antibacterial activity of cefixime was defined by reviewing data
      from two multicenter studies and three independent studies that we performed
      within the past 3 years. Microdilution tests were performed with 16,016 bacterial
      isolates. An isolate was considered susceptible to cefixime if the minimal
      inhibitory concentration was less than or equal to 1.0 microgram/ml and resistant
      if the minimal inhibitory concentration was greater than or equal to 4.0
      micrograms/ml. Cefixime was effective against the Enterobacteriaceae (87.7%
      susceptible to 1.0 microgram/ml) as well as against pathogenic Neisseria spp.
      (including penicillin-resistant gonococci), Haemophilus influenzae (including
      ampicillin-resistant strains), penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae
      and other Streptococcus species (minimal concentration inhibiting 90% of
      organisms less than or equal to 0.25 micrograms/ml). Species resistant to
      cefixime included penicillin-resistant pneumococci, Staphylococcus spp.,
      Enterococcus spp., Listeria spp., Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas spp.

PMID- 3696836
TI  - In vitro activity of a new broad spectrum, beta-lactamase-stable oral
      cephalosporin, cefixime.
AB  - Cefixime is a new orally absorbed iminomethoxy, aminothiazolyl cephalosporin. It
      inhibits the majority, 90%, of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes,
      Branhamella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella
      pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae at concentrations less
      than or equal to 0.25 micrograms/ml. It inhibits 90% of the other members of the
      Enterobacteriaceae at concentrations less than 1 microgram/ml, with the exception
      of some strains of Enterobacter spp., Citrobacter freundii and Morganella
      morganii, Cefixime does not inhibit enterococci, Listeria, Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa, Acinetobacter, Bacteroides spp. or staphylococci. In general,
      cefixime has in vitro activity superior to cephalexin, cephradine, cefadroxil and
      cefaclor against all bacteria with the exception of staphylococci. Cefixime is
      not destroyed by most of the common plasmid and chromosomal beta-lactamases and
      its activity is not reduced by serum, blood or urine. Cefixime overall has
      excellent in vitro activity against the commonly encountered respiratory and
      urinary tract pathogens.

PMID- 3696837
TI  - Pharmacokinetic profile of cefixime in man.
AB  - Cefixime is an orally absorbed third generation cephalosporin with a broad
      spectrum of activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and is
      highly resistant to beta-lactamase degradation. In general serum and urinary
      concentrations of cefixime achieved after recommended daily doses are well above
      the minimal inhibitory concentrations at 90% for indicated microorganisms. The
      pharmacokinetics of cefixime were determined in adult and pediatric subjects. In
      general the half-life of the drug is about 3 to 4 hours and is not dependent on
      dose. The drug is not extensively bound to serum proteins; the free fraction is
      about 31% and is concentration-independent. The absolute bioavailability, based
      on comparisons of area under the serum concentration-time curve values after 200
      mg intravenous, 200-mg oral solution, and 200- and 400-mg capsule doses, ranged
      from 40 to 52%, showing a comparable bioavailability for cefixime at single 200-
      and 400-mg oral doses. In a dose proportionality study, over an oral dose range
      of 200 to 2000 mg, peak serum concentration (Cmax) and area under the
      concentration-time values increased linearly but were not directly proportional
      with dose. Upon multiple dosing for 2 weeks on a 400-mg daily or 200-mg twice a
      day regimen, serum concentrations and urinary recovery of unchanged drug were
      similar for each group, and there was no drug accumulation. Peak serum
      concentration and area under the concentration-time curve values after a 400-mg
      dose were almost double those after a 200-mg dose. All formulations of cefixime
      were bioequivalent to an oral reference solution at doses of 200 and 400
      mg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3696838
TI  - Importance of patient compliance in effective antimicrobial therapy.

PMID- 3696839
TI  - Bacteriologic and clinical efficacy of cefixime compared with amoxicillin in
      acute otitis media.
AB  - The ability of cefixime or amoxicillin to eradicate causative pathogens was
      evaluated in 140 infants and children with acute otitis media with effusion. When
      pretherapy and on-therapy bacteriologic cultures were used, success was defined
      as elimination of pathogens regardless of clinical improvement. Parent compliance
      with administration instructions was closely monitored. Cefixime was administered
      daily or twice daily and because results on the two dosage regimens did not
      differ, data were combined for analysis. Results suggested that cefixime was
      somewhat more effective than amoxicillin for acute otitis media with effusion
      caused by Haemophilus influenzae but less effective for infections caused by
      Streptococcus pneumoniae. The study agents were equally effective against
      Branhamella catarrhalis.

PMID- 3696840
TI  - Cefixime vs. cefaclor in the treatment of acute otitis media in infants and
      children.

PMID- 3696841
TI  - Epidemiologic markers of pediatric infections caused by coagulase-negative
      staphylococci.
AB  - Several epidemiologic markers (species, slime production and antimicrobial
      susceptibility) were examined for 256 isolates of coagulase-negative
      staphylococci (C-S) obtained from clinical specimens in a 1-year period. The
      medical records of the 169 pediatric patients from whom the C-S were obtained
      were reviewed and divided into infected (N = 11) and uninfected (N = 158) groups.
      The phenotypic traits of strains associated with infection included: (1) slime
      production (P = 0.014); (2) slime-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis (P =
      0.002); and (3) resistance to penicillin (P = 0.03), oxacillin (P less than
      0.001), clindamycin (P = 0.003), chloramphenicol (P less than 0.001) and
      trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (P less than 0.001). Infected patients were
      significantly older (P = 0.006) than uninfected patients. Simultaneous isolation
      of the same strain of C-S from the aerobic and anaerobic bottles of a single
      blood culture increased the probability of sepsis (P = 0.004). The combination of
      these patient and laboratory data may be useful in determining the clinical
      significance of C-S recovered from pediatric patients.

PMID- 3696842
TI  - Management of septic complications associated with Silastic catheters in
      childhood malignancy.
AB  - From January, 1979, to December, 1984, 63 Hickman or Broviac catheters were
      inserted into 50 high risk pediatric oncology patients (median age, 37 months).
      Catheters remained in place for an average of 241 days. Possible catheter sepsis
      and exit site infection accounted for the majority (39 of 76) of the
      complications of long term central venous catheterization. Neutropenia (absolute
      neutrophil count under 500/mm3) was associated with 70% of the catheter-related
      infections and 75% of the non-catheter-related infections. Catheters inserted
      during neutropenic episodes (23) were associated with an increased risk of
      subsequent septicemia (60% vs. 25%), a finding apparently related to their
      exposure to further neutropenia (38% vs. 16% catheter days). Of the 32 episodes
      of septicemia of unknown origin, 19 involved Gram-negative bacteria, 14 involved
      Gram-positive bacteria and 4 were caused by fungi. Five of these episodes
      involved multiple organisms. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common Gram
      positive organism isolated (7 of 14). Four episodes of septicemia resolved before
      therapy and are considered false positive cultures. Of the other 28 episodes of
      septicemia, 25 (89%) were successfully treated without catheter removal including
      3 episodes of fungemia and 4 of multiple organism sepsis. These data demonstrate
      the efficacy of antimicrobial treatment without catheter removal in the pediatric
      oncology population with catheter-associated infections including those
      associated with neutropenia, multiple organisms and fungemia.

PMID- 3696843
TI  - Antibiotics: where are the oldies?

PMID- 3696844
TI  - Failure of benzathine penicillin G treatment in early congenital syphilis.

PMID- 3696845
TI  - [Clinico-anatomical and immunomicrobiological aspects of infection caused by gram
      negative bacteria with lung lesions in children].

PMID- 3696846
TI  - [Difficulties in the diagnosis of progressive Duchenne muscular dystrophy].

PMID- 3696847
TI  - [Seasonal rhythms of the sympathetic-adrenal system in children with a history of
      intrauterine hypoxia].

PMID- 3696848
TI  - [Incidence and various causes of bruxism in children].

PMID- 3696849
TI  - [Characteristics of antigens of the HLA system in children with allergy].

PMID- 3696850
TI  - [Clinico-biochemical evaluation of disorders of the biliary system in children
      with gastroduodenitis].

PMID- 3696851
TI  - [The role of a hospital, polyclinic and a specialized sanatorium in the
      rehabilitation of children with glomerulonephritis].

PMID- 3696852
TI  - [Roentgenological picture of spherical pneumonia in children].

PMID- 3696853
TI  - [Clinico-bronchological comparisons in chronic inflammatory bronchopulmonary
      pathology in children].

PMID- 3696854
TI  - [Value of determining the indicators of hemostasis and fibrinolysis in exudates
      in children with nonspecific pleurisy].

PMID- 3696855
TI  - [Immunological characteristics of synpneumonic and metapneumonic pleurisy in
      children].

PMID- 3696856
TI  - [Lesions of the respiratory organs in children with systemic scleroderma].

PMID- 3696858
TI  - [Clinical significance of the changes in the ultrastructure and the energy system
      of erythrocytes in children with mucoviscidosis].

PMID- 3696857
TI  - [Clinico-bacteriological evaluation of the effectiveness of amikacin in chronic
      bronchopulmonary diseases and mucoviscidosis in children].

PMID- 3696860
TI  - [Current requirements for the organization of the nutrition of children in
      preschool institutions].

PMID- 3696859
TI  - [The role of hereditary and environmental factors in the development of
      nonspecific pathology in childhood].

PMID- 3696861
TI  - [Value of the crystallographic method in the differential diagnosis of pyelo- and
      glomerulonephritis in children].

PMID- 3696862
TI  - [Indicators of the conditioned reflex in the complex evaluation of the degree of
      child's readiness for learning and school].

PMID- 3696863
TI  - [Experience with oral rehydration in the complex treatment of acute intestinal
      infections in children].

PMID- 3696864
TI  - [Use of oral rehydration in diarrhea-related diseases].

PMID- 3696865
TI  - [Magnesium-containing preparations in the complex treatment of rickets].

PMID- 3696866
TI  - [Our experience with the treatment of pleural complications of pneumonia in
      childhood].

PMID- 3696867
TI  - [Immediate results of the pathogenetic therapy of a nephrotic form of
      glomerulonephritis in children].

PMID- 3696868
TI  - [Review of scientific and research works in the field of pediatrics completed in
      1986].

PMID- 3696869
TI  - [Main trends in the scientific research program in the field of pediatrics in the
      12th Five-Year Plan].

PMID- 3696870
TI  - [Treatment of stenosing laryngitis and laryngotracheobronchitis in acute
      respiratory viral infections in children].

PMID- 3696871
TI  - [A case of Baader's syndrome in a child, complicated by subpectoral phlegmon].

PMID- 3696872
TI  - [Marden-Walker syndrome in a 4-year-old girl].

PMID- 3696874
TI  - [Direct blood transfusions in the combined treatment of infection in premature
      infants].

PMID- 3696875
TI  - [Rehabilitation of children suffering from enuresis].

PMID- 3696876
TI  - [Gentamycin ointment in the therapy of impetigo in children].

PMID- 3696873
TI  - [Description of a case of Marshall's syndrome].

PMID- 3696877
TI  - [Immunological aspects of acute inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract in
      young children].

PMID- 3696878
TI  - [Immune status of children with bronchial asthma and an assessment of the
      effectiveness of treatment with thymalin].

PMID- 3696879
TI  - [Secretory immunoglobulin A in the blood serum of children with chronic
      gastroduodenitis and peptic ulcer].

PMID- 3696880
TI  - [Local humoral immunity in the portal hypertension syndrome in children].

PMID- 3696881
TI  - [The blood fibrinolytic system of newborn infants].

PMID- 3696882
TI  - [Early adaptive period of newborn infants born to mothers with postmature and
      prolonged pregnancies].

PMID- 3696883
TI  - [Blood sugar dynamics in the early neonatal period of newborn infants with
      intrauterine hypotrophy].

PMID- 3696884
TI  - [Characteristics of inhaled air distribution and the ventilation-perfusion ratios
      of newborn infants with normal and complicated intrauterine development].

PMID- 3696885
TI  - [Potentials for the neuro-ophthalmological diagnosis of perinatal damage to the
      nervous system in infants].

PMID- 3696886
TI  - [Diagnostic significance of creatine kinase-B and LDH isoenzymes of the blood
      serum in perinatal CNS lesions in newborn infants].

PMID- 3696887
TI  - [Changes in the biochemical indices of the cerebrospinal fluid and blood in
      newborn infants with a convulsive syndrome].

PMID- 3696888
TI  - [Role of respiratory viruses in the etiology and pathogenesis of pneumopathies in
      newborn infants].

PMID- 3696889
TI  - [The complement system of newborn infants with suppurative-septic diseases and of
      their mothers].

PMID- 3696890
TI  - [Hypophyseal, thyroid and adrenal cortical functions in infections in newborn
      infants].

PMID- 3696891
TI  - [Use of sectoral echoencephalography in neonatology].

PMID- 3696892
TI  - [Thermographic imaging in chronic diseases of the stomach and duodenum in
      children].

PMID- 3696893
TI  - [Combined allergic skin and gastrointestinal lesions in children].

PMID- 3696894
TI  - [Incidence and clinical course of mixed (A and B) viral hepatitis in children].

PMID- 3696895
TI  - [Rational combination of antibacterial agents in the therapy of acute pneumonias
      in young children].

PMID- 3696896
TI  - [Clinical forms of jaundice in newborn infants].

PMID- 3696897
TI  - [Diagnosis and therapeutic principles in infectious-toxic shock in young
      children].

PMID- 3696898
TI  - [Budd-Chiari syndrome in a 13-year-old child].

PMID- 3696899
TI  - [Blood serum erythropoietin level and basic hematological indices during the
      adaptation of healthy newborn infants].

PMID- 3696900
TI  - [Case of congenital nephrotic syndrome with microcystic kidneys].

PMID- 3696901
TI  - [Case of a congenital developmental defect of the portal vein in heterotopy of
      the pancreatic lobes].

PMID- 3696902
TI  - [Subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum--rare symptoms of foreign body
      aspiration].

PMID- 3696903
TI  - [Eosinophilic fasciitis in a 12-year-old child].

PMID- 3696904
TI  - [Case of chronic eosinophilic leukemia in a 7-year-old boy].

PMID- 3696905
TI  - [Acute gemiton poisonings in children].

PMID- 3696906
TI  - [Caval catheterization in performing intensive therapy on a child with belloid
      poisoning].

PMID- 3696907
TI  - Violence and prospect-refuge values.
AB  - Appleton's prospect-refuge theory of landscape aesthetics is joined to Kupfer's
      treatment of the more contemporary forms of violence as aesthetic projects. The
      insufficiency in the modern urban environment of good opportunities to see
      without being seen stresses the present and near future into heightened feelings
      of vulnerability, adding with untoward social circumstance to activate more
      extreme measures to secure an advantage in our dealings with the world. From the
      standpoint of prospect-refuge theory, violence directed to asserting the self as
      someone who matters is a misbegotten effort to unstress the present and near
      future. Violence valued only for the aesthetic satisfaction in dismembering
      persons and things to formlessness suggests an attempt to kill time. As the
      likelihood of violent incidents increases, revisions in the prospect-refuge map
      together with institutional reforms become more urgent.

PMID- 3696908
TI  - Anxiety, perceptual and motor skills in an underwater environment.
AB  - This research has analyzed the perceptual and motor skills in an underwater
      environment at 30 m of 24 subjects differing in diving experience. The State
      Trait Anxiety Inventory, Form X-1, was administered to evaluate possible changes
      in anxiety associated with hyperbaric conditions during the perceptual and motor
      task. Analysis indicates that in comparison with experienced divers, less
      experienced divers showed a performance decrement. No changes in anxiety were
      observed.

PMID- 3696909
TI  - Visual demonstration and movement sequencing: effects of instructional control of
      the eyes.

PMID- 3696910
TI  - Vertical reversal and lateral reversal as components of inversion in recognition
      memory for upside-down faces.
AB  - Subjects viewed upright photographs of faces, then attempted to recognize them
      unchanged, vertically reversed or inverted. In two of four conditions, hit scores
      were lower for inverted than vertically reversed faces, suggesting that lateral
      reversal is a meaningful component of inversion. The effect was not sufficiently
      strong, however, to overcome a generally high false-alarm rate for upside-down
      faces.

PMID- 3696911
TI  - Understanding order of movement in youngsters with cerebral palsy.
AB  - A theoretical controversy exists over the role of early physical experience and
      motor activity in cognitive development. The purpose of this study was to
      contribute information to help clarify this relationship by comparing the
      understanding of order of movement of 30 nonambulatory youngsters with cerebral
      palsy and 30 nonhandicapped youngsters. Half were boys; half girls; equal numbers
      were in three age groups of 4 to 5 yr., 7 to 8 yr., and 10 to 11 yr. The order of
      movement task was designed by Piaget to describe the child's understanding of
      movement. Statistical analyses showed that youngsters with cerebral palsy were
      significantly delayed in their understanding of order of movement. These results
      indicated that the children's physical handicap interfered with their cognitive
      development.

PMID- 3696912
TI  - Skull asymmetry and handedness in adults: a possibility of their association with
      lateral head turning in infancy.
AB  - During the first two to three months after delivery infants when placed in the
      supine position commonly turn their heads laterally. This posture has been linked
      to the intrauterine orientation of the fetus. Skulls of adults were expected to
      bear a mark of this predominant head position in the form of occipital
      flattening. A blind examination of computerized axial tomography (CT) scans of 35
      normal subjects assessed for handedness (20 right- and 15 mixed-handers)
      confirmed this prediction for the latter group only. Mixed-handers showed a
      slight, but reliable flattening of the right occiput. Also, there was a small but
      significant inverse association between the size of the petrous ridge and
      handedness. Examining subtle variations in skull shape of adults may provide a
      glimpse into some aspects of pre- and early postnatal development.

PMID- 3696913
TI  - Differential visual field-interhemispheric transfer: can it explain sex and
      handedness differences in lateralization?
AB  - 104 men and women were tested for visual field-hemispheric transfer of spatial
      information on a dot-localization task. Right-handed subjects showed significant
      improvement when stimuli were presented to the left visual field of the right
      hemisphere (LVF-RH) after practice on the same task presented to the right visual
      field of the left hemisphere (RVF-LH) first. No improvement was found when the
      task was presented in the reverse order (LVF-RH first followed by RVF-LH). It was
      concluded that, for right-handers, transfer of spatial information to the right
      hemisphere is facilitated while transfer to the left hemisphere is inhibited.
      Left-handed subjects demonstrated no significant improvement in either condition,
      suggesting inhibition or lack of transfer of spatial information in either
      direction. No sex differences were found in either right-handed or left-handed
      subjects. The findings suggest that there may be different mechanisms underlying
      the similarities in functional lateralization of women and left-handers.

PMID- 3696914
TI  - Menstrual symptoms and up-down vectors.
AB  - Multiple studies considered the somatic symptom correlates of up-down asymmetries
      in women. In four samples, involving a total of 81 women, menstrual symptoms were
      significantly linked with the up-down distortion of the space surrounding self.
      In addition, there were borderline relationships between menstrual symptoms and
      other indices of up-down asymmetry. The findings suggested a possible link
      between menstrual symptoms and concerns about possessing versus not possessing
      power. Over-all, the results support previous studies indicating that spatial
      sets reflect important attitudes or conflicts that seem to play a role in somatic
      symptomatology. However, they point up the importance of considering sex
      differences.

PMID- 3696915
TI  - Possible learned detection of exogenous brain frequency electromagnetic fields: a
      case study.
AB  - Zener card representations were presented visually for 15 sec. every 30 sec. for
      a total of 40 trials per session over 17 sessions to a single subject who
      displayed temporal lobe lability. During the 15 sec. before the presentation of
      one of the symbols (target) either a specific 4-Hz magnetic field pattern or a 1
      Hz or 7-Hz magnetic field was presented bilaterally at the level of the temporal
      lobes. Field strengths were in the order of milligauss (about 1000X background
      values). The subject was required to anticipate the next symbol for each trial.
      Only when the 4-Hz field preceded the target symbol did the subject's accuracy of
      guessing remain systematically above (50%) chance (20%) over the sessions. These
      results suggest that exogenous magnetic fields may become discriminative stimuli
      through temporal association. Evidence of habituation was also obtained.

PMID- 3696916
TI  - Rarefaction and resolution, stimulus area and detection: an order of priority.
AB  - The aim of this research was to establish the priority of different effects
      between phenomenal variables in acuity tasks. The phenomenon we considered-
      observed at first by Vicario in 1971--is a good example of links between
      different percepts. In Exp. 1 the threshold of the resolution distance of square
      gratings having the same phenomenal frequencies (as observed in a 1985 experiment
      by Vardabasso and Zanuttini), although different areas, was checked. The distance
      at which the oblique lines, with the same phenomenal frequencies, are
      distinguished does not differ significantly for the two squares. In Exp. 2 we
      checked the effect of two different variables--the physical spacing between the
      lines and the area of the pattern--on detection thresholds on a task which
      allowed comparing the distance at which a gap in the diagonal of the squared
      gratings "small and large", "sparse and dense" was detected.

PMID- 3696917
TI  - Discriminating the structure of rotated three-dimensional figures.
AB  - Visualizing the structure of transformed (by rotation) three-dimensional (3-D)
      figures is an important aspect of information processing for computer-graphics
      tasks. However, little research exists to establish the speed and accuracy in
      which subjects perform discrimination tasks for transformed images and the
      effects of rotation variables on perceiving transformed images. This research
      tests the effects of figural complexity, angles and axes of rotation on the speed
      and accuracy in which subjects discriminate the structure of rotated 3-D
      wireframe images. Results show that response times are affected more by angles
      than axes of rotation, the specific form of the image affects error rates, and
      the number of 90 degrees bends which determine the structure of an image may be
      an inadequate measure of form complexity for the task described here.

PMID- 3696918
TI  - Scaling task complexity along a single dimension.
AB  - Time-on-target on pursuit rotor tracking tasks has been shown to decrease for
      triangle, square, and circle templates, respectively. Since these templates are
      unrelated geometric shapes they cannot be scaled along a single continuous
      dimension. For the present study, templates were constructed to be continuously
      scaled by eccentricity. It was demonstrated that time-on-target on pursuit rotor
      tracking was a decreasing function of template eccentricity. Also, it was
      concluded that elliptical templates were preferred over the usual geometric
      templates because time-on-target relationships among templates can be examined.

PMID- 3696919
TI  - A cognitive maze.
AB  - A cognitive maze was developed to study perceptual and conceptual processes in
      the discovery of relationships through inductive inference and flexible shifting
      of mental sets adaptive to changed problems. For example, the experimenter-tester
      presents a list of digits in consecutive pairs; subject-testee is asked to select
      one digit from each pair and tester answers "right" or "wrong" according to
      whether the choice agrees or disagrees with the hidden principle fixed for that
      particular problem. After reaching criterion, the principle is stated explicitly,
      and a new problem involving a different principle (odd or even number, high or
      low value, simple or double alternation) is presented. In two pilot studies,
      numbers of trials and errors to criterion correlated strongly with scores on WAIS
      Arithmetic, Digit Span, and Block Design for a randomly selected heterogeneous
      group of 10 testees and with course grades for 25 college students. This maze can
      be administered and scored by computer. Applications are many.

PMID- 3696920
TI  - Evaluation of adolescents' self-esteem through the Coopersmith Self-esteem
      Inventory and graphometric analysis of students' handwriting.
AB  - Self-esteem has long been considered an essential component of good mental
      health. Coopersmith's Self-esteem Inventory and Wellingham-Jones Self-esteem
      Values List applied to handwritings were given to 15- to 19-yr.-old students to
      explore the former's usefulness in designing programs to enhance self-esteem.
      Students were from 4 high schools representing the socioeconomic range of a small
      rural California city. Handwritings of the 25 students scoring highest and the 25
      scoring lowest on self-esteem were graphometrically evaluated. Chi squared showed
      total agreement between the two tests in 62% of the cases, partial agreement in
      30%, complete disagreement in 8%. This suggests Coopersmith's inventory may be a
      useful tool for school administrators, provided its limitations are understood.
      Similarities and differences between and within the high and low self-esteem
      groups were discussed.

PMID- 3696921
TI  - Facial action patterns, electromyography, and moods in response to an insoluble
      task as a function of sex and sex-role differences.
AB  - College students of either androgynous or sex-typed orientation were randomly
      assigned to either an insoluble concept-formation task or a solvable one.
      Posttreatment scores were compared for measures of dysphoric mood (Multiple
      Affect Adjective List), electromyographic responses (corrugator and zygomatic),
      and discrete facial responses (Facial Action Coding System). In Study 1, 18
      androgynous women were compared to 16 feminine women; in Study 2, 16 androgynous
      men were compared to 16 masculine men. The insoluble task was associated with
      more corrugator activity (frowning) than the solvable task in both studies.
      Feminine women displayed more corrugator responses across both tasks than
      androgynous women. However, masculine men did not differ from androgynous men in
      over-all corrugator response activity. Androgynous women smiled more than
      feminine women on the facial action coding measure. Men subjected to the
      insoluble task reported significantly more anxiety, depression, and hostility.
      Masculine men scored higher on anxiety during the insoluble task than androgynous
      men, while the latter scored somewhat higher on anxiety in the other condition.

PMID- 3696922
TI  - Auditory illusion analogous to the Baldwin figure in vision.
AB  - An auditory illusion was demonstrated in which there was perceptual shortening of
      the temporal interval contiguous to a low frequency (large) tone and/or
      perceptual lengthening of the temporal interval contiguous to a high frequency
      (small) tone. This auditory analogy to the Baldwin figure was demonstrated after
      first determining that there was a symmetrical expansion of perceived time during
      the auditory filled-duration illusion.

PMID- 3696923
TI  - Inhibitory interaction between channels sensitive to direction and velocity in
      the human visual system.
AB  - Two paradigms for the study of velocity contrast have been employed. Paradigm one
      has focused on perceived velocity changes across a field. Paradigm two has
      focused on perceived velocity changes at the juncture of disparate velocities.
      The current experiments employ both paradigms to look at oppositely directed
      motion. Using paradigm two, it was determined that, with oppositely directed
      motion, the effect on perceived velocity could not be attributed to lateral
      inhibitory interaction--in contrast to earlier reports of lateral interaction
      when motion was in the same direction. Using paradigm one, it was determined that
      the effect upon perceived velocity with oppositely directed motion appeared to
      involve inhibition across entire fields of motion.

PMID- 3696924
TI  - Auditory and visual reaction time in adults during long performance.
AB  - Better to understand the relation of auditory to visual reaction time (RT) tasks
      during a long period (320 min.) as well as the evolution of these performances
      along time, 24 subjects were tested. RT tasks were delivered at 10-min. intervals
      for 320 min. Correlations between auditory and visual RTs and cross-correlation
      functions were calculated. Our results confirmed their association, which was
      maintained throughout the experiment. There were no significant differences in
      the mean RT by sex or time of day; however, differences were found for the trend
      slope between type of stimulus and sex.

PMID- 3696925
TI  - Young persons' attitudes toward aging.
AB  - Because people are living longer, healthier lives, it was expected that social
      perceptions of the elderly would reflect that vigor. 160 young adults surveyed do
      not show the expected change in their views of the elderly.

PMID- 3696926
TI  - Dominance and visual attention rank orders in preschool groups.

PMID- 3696927
TI  - Relative effects of scopolamine and electroconvulsive shock upon habit reversal
      in white rats.
AB  - 30 adult male white rats were equally divided into control, scopolamine, and
      electroconvulsive shock groups to learn 20 successive reversal problems in an E
      maze for water after 23 1/2 hr. of deprivation. The noncorrection method was
      used. After 1 mo. of preliminary training, each scopolamine animal received an
      intraperitoneal injection of 1 mgm of scopolamine hydrobromide per kgm of body
      weight while each in the shock group was given an ECS of 35 mA for .2 sec. at the
      end of every 10 daily trials. When a rat obtained 9 correct of 10 trials, the
      goal was switched to the opposite side of the maze. Controls were much superior
      to both experimental groups. While scopolamine animals experienced more
      detrimental effects initially, they caught up with the shock group and finally
      became superior. This shift is interpreted in terms of building tolerance to
      scopolamine and increasing anxiety to shock as effects of differential treatments
      accumulated.

PMID- 3696928
TI  - Psychometric data on the Group Embedded Figures Test for a sample of adult
      learners.
AB  - The Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT) was administered to 70 teachers taking a
      counseling course. Distribution characteristics, reliability, internal
      consistency, and sex differences are presented.

PMID- 3696929
TI  - Children's time perception as affected by order of stimulus presentation.
AB  - Two groups of 5- to 6-yr.-old children estimated the time required to view 15
      color slides containing an assortment of familiar objects. In one group, the
      pictures appeared in categorical order. A second group viewed the same 15 slides
      in a random order. The results showed that, although picture-recall was similar
      for the two groups, children in the category group estimated significantly longer
      durations than subjects in the random condition. The findings were discussed in
      the context of Ornstein's 1969 storage size hypothesis.

PMID- 3696930
TI  - Test-retest reliability of the Profile of Mood States using visually impaired
      athletes.
AB  - The test-retest reliabilities of the Profile of Mood States when items were read
      aloud on consecutive days to 15 nationally ranked visually impaired athletes
      ranged from .78 to .95, so the scale can be used with visually impaired athletes
      who cannot complete the profile in the traditional written manner.

PMID- 3696931
TI  - An illusion of reversed direction in hyperopes.
AB  - If a subject who is sufficiently farsighted removes his corrective, positive,
      lenses and looks with one eye from a distance of one or a few meters, at a small
      lighted area such as the (continuously "on") indicator light of an electric
      toothbrush, razor, or smoke detector, and if a small object such as a pin is then
      moved slowly from above to below the subject's eyes (in a plane close to the
      eye), the subject will perceive the object moving normally from above to below
      until it encroaches on his view of the lighted area. The object will then be seen
      to encroach first on the bottom of the lighted area, and as the object continues
      to move down it will be seen to be moving up across the lighted area, exiting the
      lighted area at the top. Similarly, an object moved in front of the eye from the
      subject's left to his right will be seen by the subject to traverse the lighted
      area in the reverse direction, right to left, even though the subject moves the
      object himself. Also, while the object is in front of the lighted area, it is
      perceived as an upside down silhouette having surprisingly clear and sharp edges,
      and it appears to be located on the lighted area rather than close to the eye
      where it really is.

PMID- 3696932
TI  - Pain combines additively across different sensory systems: a further support for
      the functional theory of pain.
AB  - Subjects made magnitude estimations of noxious stimuli produced by a 6 X 6
      factorial design of electric shocks (pulse trains) and loud tones. Group data and
      all individual results conformed to a linear additive model of pain. The
      estimates of pain approximated the linear sum of the pain estimates of the
      individual electrocutaneous and auditory components. Pain related differently to
      the two inducing stimuli. It grew as a mildly expansive power function of current
      intensity (with an exponent of about 1.2) but as a mildly compressive power
      function of sound-pressure level (with an exponent of about 0.8). These results
      replicate recent findings by the same authors in 1986 using a more aversive type
      of electric stimulation. They are interpreted as supportive of a new functional
      approach to understand pain and pain-related phenomena.

PMID- 3696933
TI  - Self-concepts of young handicapped children: an analysis of race and sex.

PMID- 3696934
TI  - Generating probable consequences.
AB  - A study was conducted to examine some of the factors that influence peoples'
      generation of likely consequences associated with a major hypothetical life
      event, involving the loss of the function of one of one's own limbs. The design
      included four limbs involving two inclusion relations, thumb-hand and foot-leg,
      and two viewpoints involving consequences for one-self or for others. The results
      indicated that subjects generate more numerous consequences for primary than for
      secondary consequences, more for short-term consequences than for medium- or long
      term ones, more for an inclusive limb than for an included limb (e.g., hand vs
      thumb), and more pertaining to one-self than to others. Individual differences in
      the generation of consequences were not associated with prior experience
      involving functional loss of the limbs tested or with general differences in
      academic performance. The results permit inference about some of the mental
      processes that accompany consequence generation.

PMID- 3696935
TI  - Interhemispheric integration of compound nouns: effects of stimulus arrangement
      and mode of presentation.
AB  - Normal subjects had to name German compound nouns which were presented
      tachistoscopically. The compound nouns were displayed either unilaterally to the
      left or right visual field or bilaterally with one element to each visual field.
      In the bilateral condition a distinction was made as to whether familiar or
      unfamiliar arrangement of the elements was used. Representation in print was
      compared with pictorial representation of the compound nouns. A right visual
      field superiority was observed with printed representation, but no laterality
      effects with pictorial representation. Bilateral processing was superior to
      unilateral processing. Within the bilateral conditions, the familiar arrangement
      of the elements yielded a significantly better performance than unfamiliar
      arrangement. This difference can be explained by reading habits and/or by
      different styles of interhemispheric integration.

PMID- 3696936
TI  - Discriminability and bias in the word-superiority effect.

PMID- 3696937
TI  - The effect of cooling on the vibrotactile sensitivity of the tongue.

PMID- 3696938
TI  - Effects of spectral alternation on the intelligibility of words and sentences.

PMID- 3696939
TI  - Specularity, brightness, achromatic color--and orthogonality.

PMID- 3696940
TI  - Conceptual and physical differences in the category effect.

PMID- 3696941
TI  - Effects of alcohol and practice on choice reaction time.

PMID- 3696942
TI  - Perceived continuity of gliding and steady-state tones through interrupting
      noise.

PMID- 3696943
TI  - A word superiority effect with nonorthographic acronyms: testing for unitized
      visual codes.

PMID- 3696944
TI  - Single-letter recognition accuracy benefits from advance cuing of location.

PMID- 3696945
TI  - Factors affecting pitch judgments as a function of spectral composition.

PMID- 3696946
TI  - Vibrotactile masking: temporal integration, persistence, and strengths of
      representations.

PMID- 3696947
TI  - Some experiments on the breakdown effect in apparent motion.

PMID- 3696948
TI  - Distortions of perceived visual directions out of pictures.

PMID- 3696949
TI  - The Craik-O'Brien-Cornsweet effect: new varieties and their theoretical
      implications.

PMID- 3696950
TI  - No evidence for apparent extent between parallels as the basis of the Poggendorff
      effect.

PMID- 3696951
TI  - Perceptually unequal spatial frequencies do not yield stereoscopic tilt.

PMID- 3696952
TI  - Temporal changes in the distribution of attention in the visual field in response
      to precues.

PMID- 3696954
TI  - Adjustment of successive and simultaneous intervals by musically experienced and
      inexperienced subjects.

PMID- 3696953
TI  - The perception of speaking rate using visual information from a talker's face.

PMID- 3696955
TI  - For clinical research: a formula for improved prognosis.

PMID- 3696956
TI  - Humanism and theism in biomedical ethics.

PMID- 3696957
TI  - When doctors get sick.

PMID- 3696958
TI  - Sports in education.

PMID- 3696959
TI  - Inappropriate use of genetic terminology in medical research: a public health
      issue.

PMID- 3696960
TI  - Role of my cooperation with Soviet scientists in the elimination of polio:
      possible lessons for relations between the U.S.A. and the USSR.

PMID- 3696961
TI  - Lessons from literature: pregnancy and childbirth.

PMID- 3696962
TI  - [Pneumoconiosis in manganese refinery workers].

PMID- 3696963
TI  - [Conformation radiotherapy with eccentric multi-leaves (2). Eccentric rotation
      and hollow out technique with fixed absorber].

PMID- 3696965
TI  - [Follow-up study of patients treated by iodine-131 therapy in hyperthyroidism].

PMID- 3696964
TI  - [Studies on serum protein fractions of patients with breast cancer undergoing
      radiotherapy].

PMID- 3696966
TI  - [Histopathological changes in transplanted mouse tumor following hyperthermia and
      radiation].

PMID- 3696967
TI  - [Evaluation of celiac plexus block by transaortic approach].

PMID- 3696968
TI  - [CT imaging of the facial nerve canal using multiplanar reconstruction method].

PMID- 3696969
TI  - [Radiation injury of the mouse lung measured by X-ray computerised tomography].

PMID- 3696971
TI  - The stream of becoming: a study of Martha Rogers's theory.

PMID- 3696970
TI  - Evaluation instruments in nursing.

PMID- 3696972
TI  - Issues in graduate nursing education.

PMID- 3696973
TI  - Emerging trends in nursing research: the shift from nurses to nursing.

PMID- 3696974
TI  - Master's-prepared nurses: societal needs and educational realities.

PMID- 3696975
TI  - The master's-prepared nurse in the marketplace: what do master's-prepared nurses
      do? What should they do?

PMID- 3696976
TI  - The research component of graduate nursing programs: the acquisition of
      competence.

PMID- 3696978
TI  - Specialized accreditation of doctoral programs in nursing: to be or not to be.

PMID- 3696977
TI  - Models for doctoral programs: first professional degree or terminal degree?

PMID- 3696979
TI  - Graduate nursing education and NLN accreditation: alliance for excellence or
      promoter of the status quo?

PMID- 3696980
TI  - Nursing student census with policy implications 1987.

PMID- 3696981
TI  - Patients and purse strings. II.

PMID- 3696982
TI  - The cost impact of psychiatric services in the general hospital.

PMID- 3696983
TI  - The use of political strategies to acquire and allocate resources for home health
      care: a comparative case study of Central Thames, UK, and Energytown, US.

PMID- 3696984
TI  - Expanded utilization of the patient classification system.

PMID- 3696985
TI  - A multihospital data base of nursing costs.

PMID- 3696986
TI  - Use of patient classification information by nurse administrators.

PMID- 3696987
TI  - The total cost of nursing care for patients with acquired immune deficiency
      syndrome.

PMID- 3696988
TI  - Nursing case management: managed care via the nursing case management model.

PMID- 3696989
TI  - Cooperative care: innovative care in a time of change.

PMID- 3696990
TI  - The fixed-reimbursement perspective on patient care services: an enlightened view
      of nursing.

PMID- 3696991
TI  - Reintegrating respiratory care into nursing to increase hospital productivity.

PMID- 3696992
TI  - Nursing case management in an HMO.

PMID- 3696993
TI  - Relationship of nurse staffing to patient outcome in coronary care: some
      preliminary findings.

PMID- 3696994
TI  - The relationship between patient characteristics and impatient psychiatric nurse
      resource utilization.

PMID- 3696995
TI  - Correlating the quality of care with nursing resources and patient parameters: a
      longitudinal study.

PMID- 3696996
TI  - The productivity, effectiveness, and efficiency of home care programs for the
      elderly.

PMID- 3696997
TI  - Developing awareness of health care economics in nursing staff.

PMID- 3696998
TI  - Costing out of nursing services by Iowa hospitals: a survey.

PMID- 3696999
TI  - Evaluation and definition of surgery department personnel.

PMID- 3697000
TI  - The impact of clinical specialists on length of stay.

PMID- 3697001
TI  - Reimbursement for psychotherapy: Illinois nurse psychotherapists' experiences.

PMID- 3697002
TI  - Utilizing a participative analysis approach: the key to implementing a successful
      productivity monitoring system or cost accounting program--case study: emergency
      department.

PMID- 3697003
TI  - Product evaluation: a strategy for controlling a supply and equipment budget.

PMID- 3697004
TI  - Reducing surgical inventories through effective management: use of the
      microcomputer for inventory control.

PMID- 3697005
TI  - Hospital management engineering and hospital administration: a historical
      perspective tied into current issues.

PMID- 3697006
TI  - Patients and purse strings. II. General session: summary and future
      considerations.

PMID- 3697007
TI  - Development and utilization of a microcomputer-based financial feasibility
      management model in planning for new or expanded ambulatory care programs.

PMID- 3697008
TI  - Relative value unit productivity tracking system: a computer-aided approach.

PMID- 3697009
TI  - Microcosting medical intensive care in a tertiary care setting using optical bar
      code scanners.

PMID- 3697010
TI  - Dosage calculation: method and workbook.

PMID- 3697011
TI  - Collaboration for articulation: RN to BSN.

PMID- 3697012
TI  - Background and trends related to nursing articulation in the United States.

PMID- 3697013
TI  - The development of the statewide articulation model in Maryland.

PMID- 3697014
TI  - Role of the Governor's Task Force in developing the model.

PMID- 3697015
TI  - The validation process.

PMID- 3697016
TI  - Policy analysis of the nursing articulation model.

PMID- 3697017
TI  - Implementation of the model in the University of Maryland RN-to-BSN program.

PMID- 3697018
TI  - Implications for nursing education and the nursing profession.

PMID- 3697019
TI  - Perspectives in nursing 1987-1989.

PMID- 3697020
TI  - The nursing minimum data set: benefits and implications.

PMID- 3697021
TI  - Trends in the hospital sector.

PMID- 3697022
TI  - The nursing minimum data set: benefits and implications for nurse researchers.

PMID- 3697023
TI  - The nursing minimum data set: benefits and implications for nurse educators.

PMID- 3697024
TI  - The nursing minimum data set: benefits and implications for clinical nurses.

PMID- 3697025
TI  - An update on the National Commission on Nursing Implementation Project:
      management of practice.

PMID- 3697026
TI  - Typical patterns of nursing practice.

PMID- 3697027
TI  - The nursing presence examined by assessing joint practice.

PMID- 3697028
TI  - Our national policy: maternal-child health.

PMID- 3697029
TI  - An update on the National Commission on Nursing Implementation Project: nursing
      opportunities.

PMID- 3697030
TI  - The road to success: the nurse-run business.

PMID- 3697031
TI  - The nursing supply: what do the data suggest?

PMID- 3697032
TI  - An update on the National Commission on Nursing Implementation Project:
      education.

PMID- 3697033
TI  - Entry-level graduate education in nursing: master of science programs.

PMID- 3697034
TI  - The professional doctorate as an entry level into practice.

PMID- 3697035
TI  - The professional doctorate as an entry level into practice.

PMID- 3697036
TI  - The professional doctorate as an entry level into clinical practice.

PMID- 3697037
TI  - Curriculum: restructuring for practice.

PMID- 3697038
TI  - Providing faculty development programs about computer technology on a regional
      basis.

PMID- 3697039
TI  - Evaluating administrators in schools of nursing.

PMID- 3697040
TI  - Moving nursing research to the National Institutes of Health.

PMID- 3697041
TI  - [Tumors in children].

PMID- 3697042
TI  - [Cardiovascular diseases: we start with children].

PMID- 3697043
TI  - [Artificial intraocular lenses in children].

PMID- 3697044
TI  - [Morbidity characteristics in Finnish children].

PMID- 3697045
TI  - [Growth curves in the diagnosis and treatment of preschool children].

PMID- 3697046
TI  - [District pediatrics--a new perspective of the pediatric health service].

PMID- 3697047
TI  - [H-Y antigen--its biological significance and clinical consequences].

PMID- 3697048
TI  - [Treatment of dislocated malleolar fractures with biodegradable osteosynthesis
      material].

PMID- 3697049
TI  - [What do we know about the etiology of rheumatoid and reactive arthritis?].

PMID- 3697050
TI  - [The treatment of tumors with monoclonal antibodies].

PMID- 3697051
TI  - Cancer genes.

PMID- 3697052
TI  - [How do physicians deliver sad messages?].

PMID- 3697053
TI  - [Drugs as the cause of urination problems].

PMID- 3697054
TI  - [2 years experience of extracorporeal percussion lithotripsy of renal calculi].

PMID- 3697055
TI  - [The parameters of micturition in diagnosis and for control of treatment].

PMID- 3697056
TI  - [Extracorporeal shock waves--a new alternative in the treatment of gallstones].

PMID- 3697057
TI  - [Chylothorax].

PMID- 3697058
TI  - [Respiratory distress syndrome in adults].

PMID- 3697059
TI  - [New aspects on resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics].

PMID- 3697060
TI  - [Can our endemic diseases be prevented?].

PMID- 3697062
TI  - [Sports medicine and ethics].

PMID- 3697061
TI  - [The burnout physician].

PMID- 3697063
TI  - Epidemiology of HIV infection in multitransfused hemophilic patients in France.
      French Study Group in Hemophilia.
AB  - A total of 27 hemophilia centers treating patients all over France responded to a
      questionnaire about the progression of HIV infection in multitransfused patients.
      Information from 2,049 hemophilic patients was collected. The prevalence of HIV
      infection in French hemophiliacs was 48%, the same as the percentage in 1985,
      demonstrating that the methods of viral inactivation of concentrates and
      screening of blood donors are efficient. However, the number of patients with
      AIDS increased from 14 to 26 and patients dead from opportunistic infection from
      47 to 14 in 1 year. There is also evidence of clinical symptoms of AIDS-related
      complex and biological symptoms of immunodeficiency in this population of
      seropositive French hemophiliacs.

PMID- 3697064
TI  - Leukemic meningitis in a patient with hairy cell leukemia. A case report.
AB  - We report a case of hairy cell leukemia with CNS involvement in a 66-year-old
      white male. This is an exceptionally rare complication in the evolution of this
      disease.

PMID- 3697065
TI  - Transient orientation of linear DNA molecules during pulsed-field gel
      electrophoresis.
AB  - The transient orientation of lambda DNA and lambda-DNA oligomers has been
      measured during pulsed field gel electrophoresis. The DNA becomes substantially
      aligned parallel to the electric field E. In response to a single rectangular
      pulse, orientation shows an overshoot with a peak at 1 second, then a small
      undershoot, and finally a plateau. When the field is turned off, the orientation
      dissipates in two distinct exponential phases. Field inversion leads to periods
      of orientation with intervening periods of reduced orientation as the chains
      reverse direction. Field inversion pulses applied to linear oligomers of lambda
      DNA show that orientation responses slow down but increase in amplitude as
      molecular weight increases, for a given field. Because DNA stretching and
      alignment parallel to E are expected to correlate with DNA velocity, the velocity
      in response to a pulsed field is also expected to exhibit an overshoot.

PMID- 3697066
TI  - The nucleotide sequence of a gene coding for human serine tRNA.

PMID- 3697067
TI  - The RF1 gene of the killer DNA of yeast may encode a DNA polymerase.

PMID- 3697068
TI  - A simple and fast method for preparing single stranded DNA template suitable for
      sequencing.

PMID- 3697069
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of a human gene for glutathione peroxidase.

PMID- 3697070
TI  - cDNA and amino acid sequences of two members of the human P450IIC gene subfamily.

PMID- 3697072
TI  - Plasmid permutation vectors to monitor DNA bending.

PMID- 3697071
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA corresponding to a new human variable region of a
      functionally rearranged T cell receptor gamma chain.

PMID- 3697073
TI  - DNA sequence of a Drosophila satellite associated sequence.

PMID- 3697074
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of the Xenopus tropicalis larval beta globin gene.

PMID- 3697075
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of a field bean (Vicia faba L.var.minor) vicilin gene.

PMID- 3697076
TI  - Vectors for cell-free expression and mutagenesis of protein-coding sequences.

PMID- 3697077
TI  - Nucleotide sequences of cDNAs coding for rat manganese-containing superoxide
      dismutase.

PMID- 3697078
TI  - Putative polyadenylation signals in nuclear genes of higher plants: a compilation
      and analysis.
AB  - In animal and viral pre-mRNAS, the process of polyadenylation is mediated through
      several cis-acting poly (A) signals present upstream and downstream from poly (A)
      sites. The situation regarding polyadenylation of higher plant pre-mRNAS,
      however, has remained obscure so far. In this paper, a search for putative poly
      (A) signals is made by considering the published data from 46 plant genomic DNA
      sequences. Certain domains in the 3' untranslated regions from nuclear genes of
      higher plants were compiled and occurrence of sequence motifs such as AATAAA,
      CAYTG, YGTGTTYY and YAYTG was scored in relation to poly (A) sites. Moreover,
      consensus sequences for important regions in the 3' untranslated sequences and
      poly (A) signals were also deduced from the data. It was inferred that sequence
      motifs similar to poly (A) signals exist around poly (A) sites but some of them
      are in entirely different spatial relationship than observed in other eukaryotes.
      This indicates their probable non-involvement in the process of polyadenylation
      in higher plants necessitating a functional analysis approach to define the plant
      specific poly (A) signals.

PMID- 3697079
TI  - The mechanism of cruciform formation in supercoiled DNA: initial opening of
      central basepairs in salt-dependent extrusion.
AB  - There are two alternative pathways by which inverted repeat sequences in
      supercoiled DNA molecules may extrude cruciform structures, called C-type and S
      type. S-type cruciforms, which form the great majority, are characterised by
      absolute requirement for cations to promote extrusion, which then proceeds at
      higher temperatures and with lower activation parameters than for C-type
      cruciforms. The mechanism proposed for S-type extrusion involves an initial
      opening of basepairs limited to the centre of the inverted repeat, formation of
      intra-strand basepairing and a four-way junction, and finally branch migration to
      the fully extruded cruciform. The model predicts that central sequence changes
      will be more kinetically significant than those removed from the centre. We have
      studied the kinetics of cruciform extrusion by a series of inverted repeats
      related to that of pIRbke8 by either one or two mutations in the symmetric unit.
      We find that mutations in the central 8 to 10 nucleotides may profoundly affect
      extrusion rates--the fastest being 2000-fold faster than the slowest, whereas
      mutations further from the centre affect rates to a much smaller extent,
      typically up to ten-fold. These data support the proposed mechanism for extrusion
      via central opening.

PMID- 3697080
TI  - Z-DNA-binding proteins from bull testis.
AB  - Three Z-DNA-binding proteins of Mr 31, 33 and 58 kD were isolated from mature
      bull testis. They were obtained in a native state suitable for binding studies.
      These are the first examples of Z-DNA-binding proteins from a mammalian tissue.
      Purification involved tissue extraction with 0.35 M NaCl, cation exchange
      chromatography on CM-Trisacryl M and two consecutive anion exchange FPLC runs on
      Mono Q. The proteins appeared virtually homogeneous by anion exchange FPLC, SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and reverse phase HPLC (58 kD protein only).
      Yields from 50 g of testis tissue were: 31 kD protein, 40 micrograms; 33 kD
      protein, 100 micrograms; and 58 kD protein, 150 micrograms. Z-DNA binding was
      determined by Scatchard analysis of filter binding data using brominated poly(dG
      dC).poly(dG-dC) as a conformation-specific ligand. Dissociation constants (Kz, in
      mol nucleotide/liter) were: 31 kD protein, 7 X 10(-7) M; 33 kD protein, 8 X 10(
      7) M; 58 kD protein, 6 X 10(-8) M (primary binding site) and 6 X 10(-7) M
      (secondary binding site). B-DNA binding to poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dG) was too low
      for reliable determination under the conditions of assay. This attested to a high
      degree of conformational specificity of the three proteins. The 58 kD protein
      bound Z-DNA at the primary site with an affinity almost equivalent to that of a
      polyclonal anti-Z-DNA antiserum raised in a rabbit (Kz, 4 X 10(-8) M).

PMID- 3697081
TI  - Application of an immunoprecipitation procedure to the study of SV40 tumor
      antigen interaction with mouse genomic DNA sequences.
AB  - Simian Virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen is a DNA binding protein with high
      affinity for segments of the viral genome. To find out whether T antigen also
      binds to sequences of genomic cellular DNA we mixed T antigen and SAU 3 A
      restricted mouse DNA under stringent DNA binding conditions. Resulting protein
      DNA complexes were immunoprecipitated using T antigen specific monoclonal or
      polyclonal antibodies. The DNA fragments in the immunoprecipitates were cloned in
      plasmid vectors. Four plasmid clones were selected for a detailed investigation
      of the inserted mouse DNA fragments. Nucleotide sequencing and DNase I footprint
      experiments showed that T antigen binds to sites in these fragments consisting of
      two tandemly oriented G(A)AGGC pentamers separated by AT rich spacers of
      different lengths. The cellular binding sites are very similar in their
      architecture to the SV40-DNA binding site I. The isolated cellular DNA fragments
      with T antigen binding sites occur only once or a few times in the mouse genome.
      Our data help to further define the structure of T antigen's DNA binding sites.
      The genetic functions of the isolated cellular DNA elements are not known.

PMID- 3697082
TI  - Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy mutations: analysis using 2.6 kb of muscle
      cDNA from the 5' end of the gene.
AB  - We have isolated overlapping human fetal muscle cDNAs encompassing 2.6kb which
      are localised very close to the 5' end of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)
      gene. Using DNA from patients with deletions of previously reported genomic
      probes, we have mapped the exons across the region. Investigation of deletions in
      both DMD and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) patients shows the deletions to be
      present in 10% of cases and heterogeneous.

PMID- 3697083
TI  - Structure of the catalytic core of the Tetrahymena ribozyme as indicated by
      reactive abbreviated forms of the molecule.
AB  - The precursor rRNA of Tetrahymena thermophila contains a group I intervening
      sequence (IVS) that catalyzes its own excision to yield mature rRNA. The excised
      IVS catalyzes a number of cleavage/ligation reactions that are analogous to the
      transesterification reactions of splicing. We examined the behavior of a variety
      of 3'-truncated forms of the IVS and found several abbreviated molecules that
      retained catalytic activity. The reactivity of these molecules indicates that the
      site at which cleavage/ligation occurs lies in close proximity to all of the
      conserved sequence elements within the catalytic core of the IVS.

PMID- 3697084
TI  - Separation of TFIIIC into two functional components by sequence specific DNA
      affinity chromatography.
AB  - Recently, it has been shown that mammalian transcription factor IIIC (TFIIIC)
      activity can be separated by anion exchange FPLC chromatography into two
      functional components (1), both of which are required for transcription of tRNA
      and the adenovirus VA RNA genes. Here we show that these two functional
      components, designated TFIIIC1 and TFIIIC2, can also be separated by sequence
      specific DNA affinity chromatography. These results confirm the observation that
      TFIIIC can be fractionated into two components, which are both required for
      transcription of VA I and tRNA genes in vitro. Thus in the mammalian
      reconstituted system, a minimum of three proteins, in addition to RNA polymerase
      III, are required for the transcription of the VA and tRNA genes in vitro. The
      DNA binding component, TFIIIC2, binds specifically to the 3' segment of the
      internal promoter (the B block), demonstrated by its ability to protect this
      region from digestion by DNase I. TFIIIC2 is the limiting, titratable component
      in the phosphocellulose C fraction required for the formation of a stable pre
      initiation complex on the VAI RNA gene in vitro, as demonstrated with a template
      competition and rescue assay.

PMID- 3697085
TI  - Selective inhibition of the cytopathic effect of type A influenza viruses by
      oligodeoxynucleotides covalently linked to an intercalating agent.
AB  - Oligodeoxynucleotides covalently linked to an acridine derivative were targeted
      to part of the 3'-terminal sequence which is common to the eight RNAs of type A
      influenza viruses. The cytopathic effect of the virus on MDCK cells in culture
      was strongly decreased by a heptanucleotide covalently attached to the acridine
      ring. Control experiments using other oligonucleotide sequences showed that the
      effect was specific for the complementary sequence of the 3'-terminal region of
      the viral RNAs. The RNA transcriptase reaction of a type A virus was also
      selectively inhibited in vitro by the heptanucleotide-acridine conjugate. A type
      B influenza virus was used as a control. The common sequence at the 3' end of its
      eight viral RNAs is different from that of type A viruses. Three mismatches were
      expected with the heptanucleotide which was fully complementary to type A viral
      RNAs. This heptanucleotide had no effect on the cytopathic effect of a type B
      influenza virus. These results demonstrate that viral RNAs are specific targets
      for the oligonucleotide-acridine conjugate that inhibits the cytopathic effect of
      type A influenza viruses.

PMID- 3697086
TI  - Preparation of the individual diastereomers of adenylyl-(2'-5')-P-thioadenylyl
      (2'-5')-adenosine and their 5'-phosphorylated derivatives.
AB  - The individual diastereomers of trimer A2'p5'A2'p(s)5'A, containing one
      phosphorothioate linkage, were prepared via a modified hydroxybenzotriazole
      phosphotriester approach. The 5'-phosphorylated derivatives of the latter
      compounds were obtained after phosphorylation with a 6-trifluoromethyl-1
      benzotriazolyl activated phosphoromorpholidate.

PMID- 3697087
TI  - Discrimination of phytochrome dependent light inducible from non-light inducible
      plant genes. Prediction of a common light-responsive element (LRE) in phytochrome
      dependent light inducible plant genes.
AB  - We aligned 14 5'-leading sequences of small subunit ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate
      carboxylase (rbcS) genes. A strong consensus sequence ("CCTTATCAT") was located
      directly upstream of the TATA-box. The occurrence of this motif in other light
      dependent phytochrome regulated plant genes led to the calculation of two
      consensus matrices. With these two matrices we are able to distinguish almost all
      known light induced plant genes which are phytochrome regulated from non-light
      induced plant genes indicating, that all these genes share a common light
      responsive element (LRE). The results obtained by computer analysis are discussed
      with regard to experimental data.

PMID- 3697088
TI  - Sequence analysis of the EF-1 alpha gene family of Mucor racemosus.
AB  - Our previous studies have shown that Mucor racemosus possesses three genes (TEF
      1, -2 and -3) for EF-1 alpha, and that all three genes are transcribed. However,
      the level of transcription varies markedly between the three genes, with TEF-1
      mRNA levels being approximately two fold higher than TEF-3 and 6 fold higher than
      TEF-2. We have now completed the DNA sequence of both strands of all three genes
      and have found that these genes are highly homologous. TEF-2 and TEF-3 are more
      similar to each other than they are to TEF-1. The TEF-2 and the TEF-3 coding
      regions differ from TEF-1 at 30 and 37 positions respectively out of 1374
      nucleotides. Twenty-six of these nucleotide substitutions were common to both TEF
      2 and TEF-3, and the majority of the substitutions were clustered in the 5'
      region of the coding sequences. While the majority of these changes were silent,
      TEF-2 and TEF-3 differed from TEF-1 by having a lysine instead of a glutamate at
      amino acid position 41. In addition, TEF-2 and -3, but not TEF-1, each have an
      intron located near the 5' end of the coding region, although its size and
      sequence is not conserved between the two genes. All three genes have a conserved
      intron near the 3' end of the coding region. The sequence data have been analyzed
      with respect to the structure and function of EF-1 alpha in protein biosynthesis.

PMID- 3697089
TI  - Controlled turnover and 3' trimming of the trans splicing precursor of
      Trypanosoma brucei.
AB  - The maturation of mRNAs in Trypanosoma brucei involves a novel step, in which a
      short capped sequence is spliced in trans onto the 5' end of nascent mRNAs from a
      140-nucleotide precursor. This precursor is called the mini-exon-derived RNA or
      medRNA. We have used drugs and ultraviolet irradiation as inhibitors to probe the
      synthesis and processing of medRNA in vivo. Inhibition of RNA synthesis by
      chloroquine shows that the half-life of medRNA is about 4 minutes. Despite this
      high turnover, only limited accumulation of medRNA could be achieved following a
      block in the synthesis of high molecular weight splice acceptor substrates by UV
      irradiation. This implies that there is a constraint on the steady-state levels
      of medRNA and that excess medRNA is degraded in the cell. A 3' shortened version
      of medRNA accumulates upon a block in normal medRNA processing by UV irradiation
      or upon treatment of the cells with actinomycin D or novobiocin but was shown not
      to participate in trans splicing, making it a likely candidate for an in vivo
      degradation intermediate.

PMID- 3697090
TI  - Expression and replication of the hepatitis B virus genome under foreign promoter
      control.
AB  - A novel expression system was established that allows expression and propagation
      of the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome in cultured animal cells. An
      overlength HBV genome encoding the viral pregenomic RNA was put under
      transcriptional control of the human metallothionein IIA promoter thereby
      replacing the endogenous HBV core gene promoter. Transient expression of this
      construct in hepatoma cells resulted in formation of particles indistinguishable
      from HBV (Dane particles). Uncoupling of the promoter from overlapping HBV genes
      facilitated a mutational analysis of HBV gene functions. For example, removal of
      the preC start codon completely prevented HBeAg synthesis whereas formation of
      HBV-like particles remained unaffected. In addition, overexpression of the core
      gene led to detection of minor and otherwise undetectable core gene products,
      including a core/pol fusion protein and larger precursor molecules of the
      secreted HBeAg.

PMID- 3697092
TI  - A cyanogen bromide fragment of S4 that specifically rebinds 16S RNA.
AB  - Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S4 was subjected to cyanogen bromide cleavage
      and was found to generate a complete cleavage product capable of rebinding 16S
      rRNA. This fragment, consisting of residues 1-103, was found to bind with an
      apparent association constant of 11 microM-1. This fragment was used in place of
      S4 in an in vitro reconstitution experiment. Although the particles formed had a
      protein composition not significantly different from reconstituted 30S ribosomal
      subunits, their sedimentation behavior was more like that of particles
      reconstituted without S4. These results indicate to us that, although residues
      104-203 of S4 are involved in the assembly of the 30S ribosome, they are not
      necessary for the binding of S4 to 16S RNA. Taken with previous results, the
      domain of S4 involved in specific binding of 16S RNA can be confined to residues
      47-103.

PMID- 3697091
TI  - Characterization of a stable, major DNA polymerase alpha species devoid of DNA
      primase activity.
AB  - We have purified from Xenopus laevis ovaries a major DNA polymerase alpha species
      that lacked DNA primase activity. This primase-devoid DNA polymerase alpha
      species exhibited the same sensitivity as the DNA polymerase DNA primase alpha to
      BuAdATP and BuPdGTP, nucleotide analogs capable of distinguishing between DNA
      polymerase delta and DNA polymerase DNA primase alpha. The primase-devoid DNA
      polymerase alpha species also lacked significant nuclease activity indicative of
      the alpha-like (rather than delta-like) nature of the DNA polymerase. Using a
      poly(dT) template, the primase-devoid DNA polymerase alpha species elongated an
      oligo(rA10) primer up to 51-fold more effectively than an oligo(dA10) primer. In
      direct contrast, the DNA polymerase DNA primase alpha complex showed only a 4.6
      fold preference for oligoribonucleotide primers at the same template/primer
      ratio. The catalytic differences between the two DNA polymerase alpha species
      were most dramatic at a template/primer ratio of 300. The primase-devoid DNA
      polymerase alpha species was found at high levels throughout oocyte and embryonic
      development. This suggests that the primase-devoid DNA polymerase alpha species
      could play a physiological role during DNA chain elongation in vivo, even if it
      is chemically related to DNA polymerase DNA primase alpha.

PMID- 3697093
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of the regulatory locus controlling expression of bacterial
      genes for bioluminescence.
AB  - Production of light by the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri and by recombinant
      hosts containing cloned lux genes is controlled by the density of the culture.
      Density-dependent regulation of lux gene expression has been shown to require a
      locus consisting of the luxR and luxI genes and two closely linked divergent
      promoters. As part of a genetic analysis to understand the regulation of
      bioluminescence, we have sequenced the region of DNA containing this control
      circuit. Open reading frames corresponding to luxR and luxI were identified;
      transcription start sites were defined by S1 nuclease mapping and sequences
      resembling promoter elements were located.

PMID- 3697094
TI  - An RNA mutation that increases the affinity of an RNA-protein interaction.
AB  - The introduction of a cytidine in place of one of the two single stranded
      uridines in the R17 replicase translational operator results in a much tighter
      binding to R17 coat protein. The complex containing the variant RNA is stable to
      gel electrophoresis and has a binding constant about 50 times greater than the
      one with wild type RNA. The nearly thirty percent increase in the free energy of
      binding for the variant RNA is primarily due to a more favorable enthalpy of
      interaction. A possible explanation for this surprising result is that the U to C
      change leads to a greater extent of formation of a transient covalent complex
      between the protein and the RNA.

PMID- 3697095
TI  - Mechanisms of DNA sequence selective alkylation of guanine-N7 positions by
      nitrogen mustards.
AB  - Quantitative determinations were carried out of the relative reaction rates of
      several nitrogen mustards at various guanine-N7 positions in DNA fragments of
      known sequence. The findings suggest structural hypotheses of the origins of the
      reaction selectivities. End-labeled DNA fragments were reacted with nitrogen
      mustards, and the guanine-N7 alkylation sites were analyzed by gel
      electrophoresis. Relative reaction intensities were determined by computer
      analysis of digitized densitometer scans. The differences in reaction intensities
      at different G's were in part attributable to the effects of nearest neighbor
      base pairs on the molecular electrostatic potential near the reaction site.
      Uracil and quinacrine mustards have specific sequence preferences for reaction
      that differ from other mustards. The nature of the specific sequence preferences
      were determined and hypotheses are proposed to explain their origin.

PMID- 3697097
TI  - Sequence of pTOM5, a ripening related cDNA from tomato.

PMID- 3697096
TI  - Evolution of late H2A, H2B, and H4 histone genes of the sea urchin,
      Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.
AB  - Sea urchins possess several distinct sets of histone genes, including "early"
      genes, maximally active in cleavage and blastula stages, and "late" genes, active
      from the late blastula stage onwards. We determined the nucleotide sequences of
      six sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) late histone genes located on four
      genomic segments. Comparative analysis of these sequences identified several
      conserved elements in 5' flanking regions, including the sequences ATGPyATANTATA
      shared by all late genes and GGCGGGAAATTGAAAA shared by two late H4s. Comparisons
      of protein-coding sequences of late H4 and H2B genes with their early
      counterparts showed that silent sites have diverged to the theoretical maximum,
      indicating that early and late histone gene classes diverged at least 200 million
      years ago. Since extant echinoderms evolved from a common ancestor at about that
      time, it is likely that early and late histone gene sets are characteristic of
      all echinoderm groups. Amino acid sequences derived from nucleotide sequences of
      late H2A and H2B gistone genes differ substantially from amino acid sequences of
      their late counterparts. Most such differences are in highly mutable positions. A
      few, however, occur in positions that do not mutate frequently and thus may
      reflect functional differences between the early and late forms of the H2A and
      H2B proteins.

PMID- 3697098
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of a soybean mitochondria tRNA Glu (TTC) gene.

PMID- 3697099
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of the gene for ribosomal protein S2 in wheat chloroplast
      DNA.

PMID- 3697100
TI  - Sequence of a mouse brain aldolase A cDNA.

PMID- 3697101
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of a full-length infectious clone of the Indonesian strain of
      tomato apical stunt viroid (TASV).

PMID- 3697102
TI  - Promoter structure of the human intestinal alkaline phosphatase gene.

PMID- 3697103
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of an ethylene-related gene from tomato.

PMID- 3697104
TI  - Nucleic acid and amino acid sequences of dog beta LH: comparison to rat, cow and
      human beta LH.

PMID- 3697105
TI  - Sequence of the gene encoding the human M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor.

PMID- 3697106
TI  - Synthesis and antitumor activity of 1- or 3-(alpha-hetero substituted)alkyl-5
      fluorouracil derivatives.
AB  - Two classes of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) derivatives were prepared from 1,3
      bis(hydroxymethyl)-5-fluorouracil (1). The first group was obtained by the direct
      esterification of 1 with various acids. The second one was derived by the
      nucleophilic substitution of N-(chloromethyl)-5-FUs, which were easily prepared
      by halogenation of 1, with hetero nucleophiles. The antitumor activities of the
      prepared compounds were examined against Leukemia L1210 and the results were
      compared with that of 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil (HCFU, Carmofur).

PMID- 3697107
TI  - Lipid derivatives of (2'-5')oligo A.
AB  - The synthesis of adenylyl-(2'-5')-adenylyl-(2'-5')-2', 3'-O-(1
      methoxyhexadecylidene)-adenosine (III) and its 5'-phosphorylated analogue (V) is
      described. Phosphorylation was achieved by (2-cyanoethyl)-phosphodichloridite
      agent followed by iodine oxidation.

PMID- 3697108
TI  - Studies directed toward introduction of N6-isopentenyladenosine and its 2
      methylthio analogue into oligoribonucleotides.
AB  - A new efficient route of i6A and ms2i6A synthesis, especially useful for the
      preparation of i6A-containing oligoribonucleotides eg. Api6A has been proposed.
      The method is based on aminolysis of a 6-methylsulfonylpurine system formed by
      oxidation of its 6-methylthio precursor.

PMID- 3697109
TI  - Syntheses of branched trinucleotides and their conformational analysis by 1H-NMR
      spectroscopy.
AB  - Unambiguous chemical synthesis of branched ribonucleotides, which are products of
      splicing reactions in eukaryotic cells, and their analogues are reported,
      subsequently, their secondary structures have been determined by a 270 MHz 1H-NMR
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 3697110
TI  - Complexes of polyriboguanylate with modified polyribocytidylate.
AB  - It was established minimal length of continuous poly(C) sequence of
      poly(G).poly(C) complex required for effective interferon induction by
      investigation poly(G).poly(C,A) with different molar ratios of C:A varying from
      10:1 to 90:1. The minimum length of the double-stranded sequence of the
      macromolecule complex poly(G).poly(C) is equal to at least 90-100 nucleotides.
      The effect of 5-halogen-polyribocytidilates on the properties of the complexes
      has been also investigated.

PMID- 3697111
TI  - Terminating substrates of DNA polymerases: synthesis and functional study.
AB  - In order to study the mechanisms of DNA biosynthesis a number of modified
      nucleoside - substrates of DNA polymerases was synthesized. The absence of
      hydroxyl at 3'-position of ribose results in terminating properties of DNA
      biosynthesis of these analogues. A single step synthesis of triphosphates and
      alpha-thiotriphosphates of natural and 3'-modified 2'-deoxynucleosides is
      described.

PMID- 3697112
TI  - Substrate specificity of DNA polymerases. II. 5-(1-Alkynyl)-dUTPs as substrates
      of the Klenow DNA polymerase enzyme.
AB  - A structure-activity relationship study was carried out with a sequence of 5-(1
      alkynyl)-dUTPs in Klenow DNA polymerase enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Ability of
      modified dUTPs examined (up to the octynyl derivative) to serve as a substrate
      depended on both the length of substituent and the structure of DNA primer
      template used.

PMID- 3697113
TI  - Enantiospecific synthesis of carbocyclic (+)-(E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'
      deoxyuridine.
AB  - (+)-1-[(1R, 3S, 4R)-3-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethylcyclopentyl]-5-[(E)-2- bromovinyl]
      1H,3H-pyrimidin-2,4-dione 10 was synthesized starting from (+)-endo-5-norbornen-2
      yl acetate. This chiral educt was obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of racemic
      esters of endo-5-norbornen-2-ol.

PMID- 3697114
TI  - Tetra-t-butoxydisiloxane-1,3-diyl, a new type of bifunctional silyl protective
      group.
AB  - Tetra-t-butoxydisiloxane-1,3-diyl (TBDSi) group is introduced into nucleoside
      chemistry as an analogue of tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3-diyl (TIPDSi) and an
      example of a new type of bifunctional silyl protective group. Its introduction
      and properties of derivatives of ribonucleosides are presented.

PMID- 3697115
TI  - Problems of uridine protection.
AB  - Various routes to synthesize 5'-O-dimethoxytrityl-O4-p-nitrophenylethyl- 2'-O-p
      nitrophenylethylsulfonyluridine (7) as a useful intermediate in
      oligoribonucleotide synthesis have been investigated. The direct sulfonylation of
      5'-dimethoxytrityl-O4-p-nitrophenylethyluridine (4) gave the best results despite
      the fact that 7 is formed in almost equal amounts with its 3'-NPES isomer (8) and
      the 2',3'-di-O-NPES derivative (6).

PMID- 3697116
TI  - A versatile strategy for the O4-protection and modification of the lactam
      function of uridine and uridylic acid.
AB  - A set of O4-aryl groups has been proposed which can both protect the lactam
      functions of uridine from electrophilic attacks during nucleic acid synthesis,
      and also serve as a good leaving group for site-specific modification at C4,
      under a nucleophilic reaction condition.

PMID- 3697117
TI  - Beta-substituted ethylsulfonyl chlorides as 5'-OH protecting groups in nucleoside
      and nucleotide chemistry.
AB  - Three beta-substituted ethylsulfonyl chlorides 1-3 were synthesized and their
      usefulness as 5'-OH protecting groups for oligonucleotide synthesis studied. The
      formation of the corresponding 5'-beta-R-ethyl-sulfonic acid esters was
      investigated in respect to fast and complete capping. The 5'-sulfonates 4-9 were
      prepared and the deprotection was studied using reversed phase HPLC as the
      analytical tool.

PMID- 3697118
TI  - 2'-OH-protection by the p-nitrophenylethylsulfonyl group in oligocytidylate
      synthesis.
AB  - A new approach to oligoribonucleotide synthesis has been developed by use of the
      p-nitrophenylethylsulfonyl group as a new versatile sugar protecting group. The
      synthesis of 3'-5'- and 2'-5'-cydidylyl-cytidine is performed in high yield.

PMID- 3697119
TI  - The application of 15N-NMR spectroscopy in the problems of nucleoside and
      nucleotide chemistry.
AB  - 15N-NMR spectroscopy has been shown to be useful to understand the chemical
      nature of nitrogen in a biomolecule. We herein report the use of 15N-NMR as a
      tool for the study of exact location of a substitution on the guanine or uracil
      moieties in a nucleoside, to understand the implication of a protecting group on
      the reactivity and the basicity of nitrogen atoms in pyrimidines or in purines
      and to assign the structure of isomeric N7 and N9 substituted purines.

PMID- 3697120
TI  - Synthesis of D-fructosyl-5-aminoimidazole nucleosides from oxazoline
      intermediates and D-fructosylamine.

PMID- 3697121
TI  - Some studies on the negative ion fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopy of
      nucleic acids.
AB  - The effect of organic bases and crown ethers on the enhancement of the
      intensities of negative molecular ions of nucleic acids are discussed.

PMID- 3697122
TI  - Simple and rapid procedure for synthesis of deoxynucleoside 3'-2-cyanoethyl-N,N
      diisopropyl-amino phosphites.
AB  - 2-Cyanoethyl-bis/N,N-diisopropyl/phosphoamidite can be prepared from PCl3 by a
      very fast and efficient procedure. Without purification it was used for the
      phosphitilation of suitably protected deoxynucleosides which after simple
      purification are obtained with a high yield, in a stable and easy to manage form.

PMID- 3697123
TI  - Chloridite and amidite automated synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides using
      amidine protected nucleosides.
AB  - Automated synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides using in situ prepared
      methylchlorophosphite intermediates from amidine protected purine nucleosides is
      described. Phosphoramidite method using 1-methylimidazole
      trifluoromethanesulfonate as mediator is described.

PMID- 3697124
TI  - Evaluation of some new condensing reagents for hydrogenphosphonate diester
      formation.
AB  - Various pivaloyltetrazoles and chlorophosphates have been investigated as
      potential condensing reagents for H-phosphonate diester formation. Acylating or
      phosphorylating properties as well as possible side-reactions triggered by these
      reagents were checked using TLC and 31P NMR analysis.

PMID- 3697125
TI  - Synthesis of phospholipids and nucleoside-phospholipid conjugates via
      hydrogenphosphonate intermediates.
AB  - Chemical synthesis of nucleoside-phospholipid conjugates based on
      hydrogenphosphonate chemistry has been achieved via coupling of 1,2
      dipalmitoylglycero-3-H-phosphonate with suitable protected nucleosides or via
      coupling of nucleoside H-phosphonates with 1,2-dipalmitoylglycerol. It was also
      found that 1,2-dipalmitoylglycero-3-H-phosphonate, which is a stable compound,
      can serve as a convenient intermediate in the synthesis of various phospholipids.

PMID- 3697126
TI  - Automated 3'-H-phosphonate synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides using amidine
      protected purine synthons.
AB  - Side reaction during phosphitylation of 5'-O-dimethoxytrityl-N2-isobutyryl-2'
      deoxyguanosine was observed. As a suitable dG synthon, 5'-O-dimethoxytrityl-N2
      dimethylaminomethyl-ene-3'-H-phosphonate was developed and used, along with 3'-H
      phosphonates of 5'-O-dimethoxytrityl derivatives of dT, N4--benzoyl-dC and N6
      dimethylaminoethylidene-dA, in automated synthesis of several
      oligodeoxyribonucleotides containing 30-40 bases.

PMID- 3697127
TI  - Synthesis and characterization of deoxy- and ribo H-phosphonate dimers.
AB  - Various nucleoside-3'-H-phosphonates of the deoxy and ribo series were
      synthesized and condensed with a second nucleoside to give the corresponding H
      phosphonate dimers. The solution syntheses give high yields and the products have
      been characterized by physical means.

PMID- 3697128
TI  - Some steric aspects of synthesis of oligoribonucleotides by phosphoroamidite
      approach on solid support.
AB  - The influence of 2'-O-substituents (i.e. methyl, tetrahydropyranyl, t
      butyldimethylsilyl) on the chemical synthesis of oligoribonucleotides by the
      phosphoroamidite approach on solid support is studied and compared with 2'
      deoxynucleosides. Strong dependence on the steric hindrance of 2'-substituents
      both for the 3'-phosphitylation and condensation steps is described.

PMID- 3697129
TI  - New approach to automated synthesis of oligoribonucleotides.
AB  - The combination of 2'-OH protection in ribonucleosides by the p
      nitrophenylethylsulfonyl (NPES) group with the 3'-(beta-cyanoethyl) (N,N
      diisopropyl)-phosphoramidite function reveals a new approach to
      oligoribonucleotide synthesis. The corresponding adenosine and guanosine
      derivatives have been applied to automated solid phase synthesis with good
      success.

PMID- 3697130
TI  - Immobilization of nucleosides and nucleotides to cross-linked copolymer beads.

PMID- 3697131
TI  - Regiospecific synthesis of deuterium-labelled 2'-deoxyribonucleosides.
AB  - Regiospecific chemical methodologies have been developed for the incorporation of
      deuterium regio and stereospecifically in all four naturally occurring 2'
      deoxynucleosides.

PMID- 3697132
TI  - Nucleophilic catalysis in the oligonucleotide synthesis.
AB  - Rapid procedure for the synthesis of oligonucleotides by the phosphotriester
      method has been developed. It is based on the use of O-nucleophilic
      intramolecular catalysis. The application of this method to automated solid-phase
      oligonucleotide synthesis allows to perform one elongation cycle for 6-7 min.

PMID- 3697133
TI  - Synthesis and cloning of a human beta-casomorphin-5 gene.
AB  - As so far a singularity among opioid peptides, bovine beta-casomorphin-5 has been
      shown to display pronounced cardiatic activities. The gene sequence of a human
      beta-casomorphin-5, including plasmid insertion and fusion protein expression and
      cleavage instrumentary, has been synthesized by a manual phosphoramidite
      procedure and cloned in a bacterial system.

PMID- 3697134
TI  - Chemoenzymatic synthesis of genes encoding medium-sized polypeptides by use of
      only one synthetic oligonucleotide.
AB  - A novel strategy for the synthesis of genes encoding medium sized polypeptides
      from only one synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide is outlined. A 140-mer
      oligodeoxynucleotide forming a hairpin structure at its 3'-end has been
      synthesized and successfully used in the construction and cloning of a gene
      coding for salmon calcitonin-gly(33). Employing this "one oligonucleotide - one
      gene" approach the manual work required for oligodeoxynucleotide synthesis is
      reduced to a minimum.

PMID- 3697135
TI  - Solid-phase assembly of DNA duplexes from synthetic oligonucleotides.
AB  - A new method of rapid and efficient assembly of extended DNA duplexes in solid
      phase was developed. Subassemblies of separately annealed oligonucleotides were
      stepwise hybridized to each other on a solid support. Two types of supports with
      anchor oligonucleotide were tested: Fractosil-1000 with oligo-dT sequence and
      Sephacryl S-500 with an oligonucleotide bound via CNBr-activation procedure.
      Sephacryl S-500 turned out to be the support of choice since all enzymatic
      reactions of the assembly procedure (phosphorylation, ligation, restriction
      enzyme digestion) could be efficiently performed with DNA immobilized on
      Sephacryl S-500 particles.

PMID- 3697136
TI  - Design of synthetic oligonucleotide duplexes for site-directed mutagenesis with
      recombinant plasmids.
AB  - Screening for site-mutated plasmids may be greatly facilitated by the different
      occurrence of the restriction sites distinguishing the altered sequence from the
      original one. Synthetic oligonucleotides can be so designed that they, apart from
      defining the mutation, also create a new restriction site recognizable in the
      restriction pattern of the mutant plasmid.

PMID- 3697137
TI  - Allenic derivatives of nucleic acid components and their transformation products:
      a new class of biologically active nucleoside analogues.
AB  - Reaction of adenine (1a) or cytosine (1b) with excess 1,4-dichloro-2-butyne
      catalyzed by K2CO3 in (CH3)2SO gave the 4-chloro-2-butynyl derivatives 2a and 2b.
      The latter were converted to the 4-hydroxy-2-butynyl compounds 3a and 3b by
      refluxing in 0.1 M HCl. Isomerization of 3a in 0.1 M NaOH at 100 degrees C for 1
      h gave an equilibrium mixture of 3a and allene 4a. Pure 4a was obtained by column
      chromatography. Similarly, compound 3b was transformed/0.1 M NaOH, 20% aq.
      dioxane, 9 h, 100 degrees C/ to a mixture of 3b and 4b from which pure 4b was
      obtained by chromatography and crystallization. By contrast, reflux of 3a or 3b
      in 1 M NaOH in 50% aq. dioxane for 1 h afforded cyclized products - dihydrofuryl
      derivatives 5a and 5b. Hydrogenation of 4a and 5a gave 9-(4-hydroxybutyl)adenine
      (6a) and 9-(tetrahydro-2-furyl)adenine (7a), respectively. Scope and limitations
      of allenic isomerization in nucleic acid base series, spectroscopy and biological
      activity of the obtained products will be discussed.

PMID- 3697138
TI  - Studies directed toward the synthesis of 2'-deoxy-2'-substituted arabino
      nucleosides.
AB  - Synthesis of the C-nucleoside, 5-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-1
      methyluracil, isosteric to the potent antiviral and anticancer nucleoside, 1-(2
      deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-1-methyluracil (2'-fluoro-5-methyl-ara-U
      or FMAU) was achieved by exploitation of the 4,5'-anhydro-nucleoside. Attempts at
      application of this ribosyl-to-arabinosyl pyrimidine transformation to 2,5'
      anhydrouridine resulted in the formation of 2,2'-anhydro-5-substituted
      arabinosyluracil.

PMID- 3697139
TI  - A solution to the problem of 3'----2'-O-phosphoryl migration in
      oligoribonucleotide synthesis.
AB  - Oligoribonucleotides were obtained without contamination of 2'-5' linked
      regioisomers by means of polymer support when Thp group was employed as 2'
      hydroxyl protecting group.

PMID- 3697140
TI  - A simple procedure for synthesis of diastereoisomers of thymidine cyclic 3',5'
      phosphate derivatives.
AB  - Diastereoisomeric thymidine cyclic (3',5')-methanephosphonates (3a), cyclic
      (3',5')-phosphoranilidates (3b) and cyclic (3',5')-phosphoranilidothioates (3c)
      were prepared by treatment of diastereoisomerically pure thymidine 3'-O-[O-(4
      nitrophenyl)methanephosphonates] (2a), 3'-O-[O-(4-nitrophenyl)phosphoranilidates]
      (2b) or 3'-O-[O-(4-nitrophenyl)phosphoranilidothioates] (2c), respectively, with
      sodium hydroxide in dioxane-water solution.

PMID- 3697141
TI  - Self-splicing of Tetrahymena rRNA can proceed with phosphorothioate substitution
      at the splice sites.
AB  - The self-excision of a 413-base intervening sequence of the 26S rRNA of
      Tetrahymena thermophila has been investigated using phosphorothioate-substituted
      RNA. Transcripts containing this intron were prepared by T7 RNA polymerase
      catalyzed polymerisation using a M13 mICE10 vector in the presence of various
      nucleoside alpha-thiotriphosphate analogues. Wild-type transcripts incorporating
      phosphorothioates 5' to adenosine or uridine were inactive, whereas incorporation
      5' to cytidine or guanosine allowed splicing. The first two substitutions place
      phosphorothioates inter alia at the 5' and 3' splice sites respectively.
      Mutagenesis at either site allowed phosphorothioate substitution 5' to guanosine
      at each splice site. This did not block splicing, suggesting that substitution at
      internal sites within the intron has more effect.

PMID- 3697142
TI  - Rapid DNA synthesis by use of a new functionalized 5'-hydroxyl protecting group
      in the phosphorothio ester approach.
AB  - This paper describes a new protecting group of the 5'-hydroxyl group, 3-(imidazol
      l-ylmethyl)-4,4'-dimethoxytrityl (IDTr), which serves as potential catalytic site
      for internucleotide bond formation.

PMID- 3697143
TI  - New methodology for the synthesis of 2'(3')-O-aminoacyl oligoribonucleotides
      related to the 3'-terminus of aa-tRNA.
AB  - A new synthetic approach to the title compounds is reported. It is based on the
      phosphotriester methodology and uses a unique combination of protecting groups
      (Fmoc and Ph for the aglycons; DMT, CPTr and Mthp for the carbohydrate hydroxy
      functions; 2-CIPh for the phosphodiester bonds; BPOC for amino acid). This
      enables selective deprotection of the blocked oligonucleotide intermediates in
      two steps (oximate and acid treatments) to yield the 2'(3')-O-aminoacyl
      oligoribonucleotides suitable for biochemical investigations.

PMID- 3697144
TI  - Synthesis and separation of diastereoisomers of 5'-O-(4,4'
      dimethoxytrimethylphenyl)dithymidyl-(3,5')-4,4' 
      dimethoxytriphenylmethanephosphonate.
AB  - "In solution" synthesis and separation of diastereoisomers of 5'-O-(4,4'
      dimethoxytriphenylmethyl)dithymidyl (3',5') 4,4'
      dimethoxytriphenylmethanephosphonate (DMTTDMTT) is described. One of
      diastereoisomers was successfully crystallized and characterized by means of
      HPLC.

PMID- 3697145
TI  - Fluorescent analogs of acyclic S-adenosyl-L-homocysteinase inhibitors.
AB  - Fluorescent analogs of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteinase inhibitors derived from
      acyclic nucleoside series have been synthetized by alkylation of heterocyclic
      bases with appropriate synthons, or by modification of preformed adenine
      derivatives. None of the newly prepared compounds derived from 2-aminopurine, lin
      benzoadenine or 1,6-ethenoadenine significantly inhibited the above enzyme.

PMID- 3697146
TI  - Stereospecific syntheses of 9-(S)-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine
      (HPMPA).
AB  - 9-(S)-(3-Hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine (HPMPA) was prepared from 9
      (S)-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)adenine (DHPA) via its 3-O-chloromethanephosphonate. The
      latter compound is obtained by treatment of DHPA with chloromethanephosphonyl
      dichloride and the 3'-isomer separated from its 2'-congener by ion-exchange
      chromatography. The 3'-isomer is prepared selectively by the same method starting
      from 2',6-dibenzoyl derivative of DHPA. The 3'-ester is transformed to HPMPA by
      treatment with aqueous alkali. Alternatively, 9-(S)-(2-hydroxy-3
      triphenylmethoxypropyl)-N6-benzoyladenine can be converted to HPMPA by reaction
      with dialkyl p-tolylsulfonyloxymethane-phosphonates in the presence of NaH
      followed by successive acid and alkaline treatment.

PMID- 3697147
TI  - Synthesis of carbocyclic purine nucleosides using key intermediates, carbocyclic
      AICA-ribosides.
AB  - Treating carbocyclic N1-methoxymethy-inosine and 2'-deoxy-inosine with 1N
      NaOH/aq.EtOH gave the carbocyclic 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide-riboside and -2'
      deoxyriboside respectively. Reaction of both useful key intermediates with
      PhCONCS afforded the corresponding 5-(N-isothiocarbamoyl) derivatives in high
      yield. Methylation of the isothiocarbamoyl groups, followed by treatment with
      NaOH led to the purine ring-closure (guanine, isoguanine, and xanthosine)
      reaction.

PMID- 3697148
TI  - Thermal 7-9 transglycosylation of purine nucleosides and their analogues.
AB  - A novel thermal 7 in equilibrium 9 transglycosylation reaction was studied in the
      series of fully acetylated purine ribonucleosides and their 2-acetoxyethoxymethyl
      analogues. Ratio 7- to 9-isomers in the resultant mixtures was determined by the
      proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

PMID- 3697149
TI  - Synthesis of 5-aza-7-deazapurine and 3,7-dideazapurine 2'-deoxyribofuranosides by
      solid-liquid phase-transfer glycosylation.
AB  - The 2'-deoxyguanosine isostere 1 as well as the pyrrolo [3,2-c] pyridine 2'
      deoxyribofuranosides 2a,b and 3a-d have been synthesized in high yield by solid
      liquid phase-transfer glycosylation. It was shown that only the strongly
      nucleophilic pyrrolo [3,2-c] pyridines formed exclusively beta-2'
      deoxyribofuranosides, whereas weakly nucleophilic imidazo [1,2-a]-s-triazines
      gave mixtures of anomers.

PMID- 3697150
TI  - 2'-fluorinated pyrimidine isonucleosides. Novel nucleoside analogs demonstrate
      therapeutic activity in mice with tumors.

PMID- 3697151
TI  - Preparation and biological activity of 5,6-dihydro-5-azapyrimidine nucleosides.
AB  - The reaction of 5-azapyrimidine nucleosides Ia-IXa with zinc powder in acetic
      acid afforded the respective 5,6-dihydro derivatives Ib-IXb in high yields. This
      procedure represents a convenient and general method for preparation of the title
      compounds. The effects of some dihydro-5-azapyrimidine nucleosides on the growth
      in vitro of L1210 mouse leukemic cells were estimated.

PMID- 3697152
TI  - Synthesis and antimetabolic properties of 4,5-substituted pyrimidine 2'
      deoxynucleosides and their 5'-monophosphates.
AB  - Reaction of the reagent of Lawesson, 2,4-bis(p-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4
      dithiadiphosphatane-2,4-disulfide, with blocked uracil nucleosides in dioxane
      leads to quantitative thionation at C(4). With the bases, thionation occurs at
      C(4) and, with two equivalents of the reagent, at C(2) and C(4). Enzymatic
      phosphorylation of 4-thio-FdUrd gave the 5'-monophosphate, which was further
      converted with NH2OH to N4-hydroxy-FdCMP. Both nucleotides were examined as
      potential inhibitors of thymidylate synthase, and 4-thio-FdUrd for cytotoxic
      activities vs monkey and human leukemic cell lines.

PMID- 3697153
TI  - Selective syntheses of 6-substituted pyrimidine nucleosides and their
      interactions with uridine phosphorylase.
AB  - Several 6-substituted pyrimidine nucleosides have been prepared by condensation
      of an N(3)-benzyl or C(4)-methylthio pyrimidine with the appropriately blocked
      sugar, followed by the use of mild conditions at room temperature for removal of
      blocking groups. The substrate properties of these nucleosides, which are in the
      fixed syn conformation, have been examined in the uridine phosphorylase system.

PMID- 3697154
TI  - The 15N-NMR spectroscopy of wyosine-triacetate and its congener.
AB  - Assignments of the 15N-NMR resonances of wyosine-triacetate 1 and a new congener
      2 are reported using NOE and INEPT modes.

PMID- 3697155
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of the 5'-triphosphates of arabinosylcytosine and 2',2'
      difluorodeoxycytidine in L1210 cells.
AB  - The clinical efficacy of ara-C is limited by a rapid elimination of the active
      triphosphate by target cells. The nucleoside antimetabolite, 2',2'
      difluorodeoxycytidine, accumulates in leukemia cells as the respective 5'
      triphosphate dFdCTP. In contrast to ara-C triphosphate, dFdCTP is eliminated with
      biphasic kinetics that exhibit a terminal half-life that approaches the cell
      cycle time. The cellular pharmacokinetics of dFdCTP may explain the unusual dose
      schedule and spectrum of efficacy against murine tumors.

PMID- 3697156
TI  - 5'-Fluorosulfonylbenzoyl derivatives of therapeutic nucleoside analogs.
AB  - Several fluorosulfonylbenzoyl /FSB/ purine and pyrimidine nucleoside analogs of
      the clinically useful antimetabolites which belong to endo affinity labeling
      compounds were synthetized. Structures were confirmed by both 1H NMR and UV
      spectroscopy and by elemental analysis. Procedure for preparation of microamount
      of [3H] FSB-araC was developed. Bonding of radioactive FSB-araC to nucleotide
      utilizing enzymes in K562 myeloblasts soluble protein extract was compared with
      araCTP-degradating activities in this extract after DEAE-cellulose column
      chromatography. There was found that five major peaks of the radioactivity bound
      to the protein coincident with peaks of araCTP degradation. Bonding of [3H] FSB
      araC in CCRF-CEM lymphoblasts exhibits only 3 major peaks of the bound
      radioactivity. This result correlates with the higher sensitivity of the CEM
      cells to araC.

PMID- 3697157
TI  - A new scheme for the synthesis of 5'-nucleotide phosphonate analogs.
AB  - A convenient and general method is proposed for the synthesis of 5'-nucleotide
      phosphonate analogs starting from 5-deoxy-1,2-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-xylo
      hexofuranose.

PMID- 3697158
TI  - Method for the introduction of the reactive functional groups via cytidine
      residues and/or 3'-terminal of the nucleic acids.
AB  - A number of polyfunctional O-substituted hydroxylamines H2NO-R-X (X = SH; -NH2; 
      P(O) (OH)2; -COOH; etc.) were constructed and synthesized as a mean for the
      administration of the reactive functions through cytidines or into 3 -oxidised
      terminal of nucleic acids.

PMID- 3697159
TI  - Stereochemically controlled transformations related to pyrimidine nucleosides and
      their analogues.
AB  - The diastereoisomeric differentiations and anomerizations of 5,6-dihydrothymidine
      and its anhydro derivatives were studied. In particular, the oxetane ring opening
      of (5S)-1-(3,5-anhydro-2-deoxy-beta-D-threopentofuranosyl)-5,6-dihydr othymine
      under acid catalysed conditions substantiated a number of the configurational
      modifications at the sugar moiety. The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition to the
      pyrimidine C(5), C(6)-double bond was intramolecularly facilitated by the
      activation of 1-(3-azido-2-hydroxypropyl)uracil. (E)- and (Z)-1-Prop-enyl- and
      properly functionalized 1-propyl-uracil derivatives were also prepared and used
      for the synthesis of the tetrahydro-oxazolo[3,2-c]pyrimidine-5,6-(4H, 6H)dione
      and 9,3'-cyclo-3-propyl (or prop-1-enyl)-8-azaxanthine derivatives.

PMID- 3697160
TI  - A regiospecific synthesis of branched tetranucleotides: U3'p5'A2'p5'G 3'p5'U and
      U3'p5'A2'p5'G3'p5'C.
AB  - An efficient strategy for the synthesis of branched nucleotides 14 and 15 has
      been developed using key intermediates 6 and 10.

PMID- 3697161
TI  - The synthesis of tRNA sup (UGA) anticodons with the 2-thiouridine derivatives as
      the 'first letter'.
AB  - The title oligoribonucleotides UpCpA; U = s2mcm5U, s2mnm6U, s2U have been
      synthesized by the condensations of the dimer 10 with phosphodiesters 4, 5 and 6,
      followed by the two-step deprotection of the fully blocked oligomers 11, 12 and
      13, respectively.

PMID- 3697162
TI  - All change in the community?

PMID- 3697163
TI  - Growing pains.

PMID- 3697164
TI  - Shadow over the screen.

PMID- 3697165
TI  - Pillow fights.

PMID- 3697166
TI  - An MP's right to choose.

PMID- 3697167
TI  - Disasters. Hungerford's nightmare.

PMID- 3697168
TI  - Diary of a disaster.

PMID- 3697169
TI  - Facing up to the horror.

PMID- 3697170
TI  - Code of conduct. An accident waiting to happen.

PMID- 3697172
TI  - ARMS extended.

PMID- 3697171
TI  - Safe selection.

PMID- 3697173
TI  - Retinopathy of prematurity.

PMID- 3697174
TI  - Sexuality and mental handicap.

PMID- 3697175
TI  - Systems of life. No. 154. Senior systems. 19.

PMID- 3697176
TI  - Catheterisation: urethral trauma.

PMID- 3697177
TI  - Safe procedures.

PMID- 3697178
TI  - Auld's lang syne. Interview by Laurence Dopson.

PMID- 3697180
TI  - American cream.

PMID- 3697179
TI  - Prevention in triplicate.

PMID- 3697181
TI  - Part of the union?

PMID- 3697182
TI  - Safer practices.

PMID- 3697183
TI  - Quality assurance. Do you measure up?

PMID- 3697184
TI  - Assuring quality.

PMID- 3697186
TI  - Indications for haemofiltration.

PMID- 3697185
TI  - Testing for success.

PMID- 3697187
TI  - Tending the terrorised.

PMID- 3697188
TI  - When silence is not golden.

PMID- 3697189
TI  - Nuclear war: when the wind blows....

PMID- 3697191
TI  - Nursing practice.

PMID- 3697190
TI  - Studies in democracy.

PMID- 3697192
TI  - Nursing practice. Triage on trial.

PMID- 3697193
TI  - Nursing practice. A matter of definition.

PMID- 3697194
TI  - Nursing practice. Talking point: core care plans go critical.

PMID- 3697195
TI  - Nursing practice. Clinical update: task allocation.

PMID- 3697196
TI  - Who's at risk?

PMID- 3697197
TI  - Cancer: is the message getting through?

PMID- 3697198
TI  - Private, come in!

PMID- 3697199
TI  - Something to shout about.

PMID- 3697200
TI  - Euthanasia. Whose life? Whose decision?

PMID- 3697202
TI  - Euthanasia. The death debate.

PMID- 3697203
TI  - Questionnaire. Euthanasia: what do you think?

PMID- 3697201
TI  - Euthanasia. Going gently into that good night.

PMID- 3697204
TI  - Making sense of tracheostomy.

PMID- 3697205
TI  - Quality assurance. Ask the patient.

PMID- 3697207
TI  - Finding the right book.

PMID- 3697206
TI  - 'I wish you were dead.'.

PMID- 3697208
TI  - Rehearsing for the real thing.

PMID- 3697209
TI  - Midwives' Journal.

PMID- 3697210
TI  - Midwives' Journal. Homing instinct.

PMID- 3697212
TI  - Midwives' Journal. Independent midwives: threat or stimulus?

PMID- 3697211
TI  - Midwives' Journal. Carrying conviction.

PMID- 3697213
TI  - Midwives' Journal. Change the subject--I've had a caesarean.

PMID- 3697214
TI  - Art and soul.

PMID- 3697215
TI  - Improving practice.

PMID- 3697216
TI  - Answering back.

PMID- 3697217
TI  - Dispensary of hope.

PMID- 3697218
TI  - Everyday ethics. The search for objectivity.

PMID- 3697219
TI  - Camping with a difference.

PMID- 3697220
TI  - Planning for Stephen.

PMID- 3697221
TI  - Interprofessional collaboration in primary health care.

PMID- 3697222
TI  - Psychological aspects of physical illness. Irritable bowel syndrome.

PMID- 3697223
TI  - Cancer--why me?

PMID- 3697224
TI  - Continence.

PMID- 3697225
TI  - Continence. Open to suggestion?

PMID- 3697226
TI  - Continence. Unwanted experience.

PMID- 3697227
TI  - Continence. Setting up a service.

PMID- 3697228
TI  - Nursing's hard sell.

PMID- 3697229
TI  - The market is the message.

PMID- 3697230
TI  - 12 steps to heaven?

PMID- 3697231
TI  - Blowing in the wind.

PMID- 3697232
TI  - Today's nurse. Who is the new nurse?

PMID- 3697233
TI  - Today's nurse. The unquiet revolution.

PMID- 3697234
TI  - Today's nurse. View from the ward.

PMID- 3697236
TI  - Childmother blues.

PMID- 3697235
TI  - Psychological aspects of physical illness. Behavioural contracts.

PMID- 3697237
TI  - Somewhere to turn.

PMID- 3697238
TI  - Happy families.

PMID- 3697239
TI  - Patients and pressure sores.

PMID- 3697240
TI  - Systems of life No. 155. Senior systems. 20.

PMID- 3697241
TI  - Dame of grace. Interview by Laurence Dopson.

PMID- 3697242
TI  - Mental health.

PMID- 3697244
TI  - Mental health. Working together.

PMID- 3697243
TI  - Mental health. Assembling the pieces.

PMID- 3697245
TI  - Mental health. All wind and fury.

PMID- 3697246
TI  - Stand up and be counted.

PMID- 3697247
TI  - The clinical Catch 22.

PMID- 3697248
TI  - The heat of the night.

PMID- 3697249
TI  - Screen test.

PMID- 3697251
TI  - Free agents.

PMID- 3697250
TI  - Do we call this care?

PMID- 3697252
TI  - Male health. What did you do in the home, daddy?

PMID- 3697253
TI  - Danger man.

PMID- 3697254
TI  - Boosting protection.

PMID- 3697255
TI  - Perceptions of pain.

PMID- 3697256
TI  - Perceptions of pain. Reaching a wider audience.

PMID- 3697257
TI  - Psychological aspects of physical illness. Comforting the newly bereaved.

PMID- 3697258
TI  - Nurses' pay. A measure of worth?

PMID- 3697260
TI  - Journal of Infection Control Nursing.

PMID- 3697259
TI  - Screening elderly people.

PMID- 3697261
TI  - The Journal of Infection Control Nursing. Point taken?

PMID- 3697262
TI  - The Journal of Infection Control Nursing. An unkind cut?

PMID- 3697263
TI  - Why do they leave?. Interview by Harriet Gaze.

PMID- 3697264
TI  - In the frame?

PMID- 3697265
TI  - Robbing Jane to pay Jenny.

PMID- 3697266
TI  - Is the NHS made for sharing?

PMID- 3697267
TI  - Confidentiality. Do you want to know a secret?

PMID- 3697268
TI  - Relatively distant.

PMID- 3697269
TI  - Do you really need to know?

PMID- 3697270
TI  - Counter attack.

PMID- 3697271
TI  - Code of conduct. Human folly.

PMID- 3697272
TI  - Management of limb oedema in advanced cancer.

PMID- 3697273
TI  - Psychological aspects of physical illness. Impotence.

PMID- 3697274
TI  - Pre-operative fasting--a question of routine?

PMID- 3697276
TI  - Making sense of defibrillation.

PMID- 3697275
TI  - Sparing the flushes.

PMID- 3697277
TI  - Climate of negligence.

PMID- 3697278
TI  - Quest. NT's educational supplement.

PMID- 3697279
TI  - Quest. Teaching the teachers.

PMID- 3697280
TI  - Quest. Lighting the way.

PMID- 3697281
TI  - Need to be clear about goals of nursing.

PMID- 3697282
TI  - Health in the work place.

PMID- 3697283
TI  - Legislation and nursing.

PMID- 3697284
TI  - Reaching the unreached.

PMID- 3697285
TI  - Communication: what it really means.

PMID- 3697286
TI  - Role of nurses in mental health.

PMID- 3697287
TI  - Workload in a teaching institution.

PMID- 3697288
TI  - Prostatic cancer treatments and their effects on sexual functioning.

PMID- 3697289
TI  - The influence of administration time on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

PMID- 3697290
TI  - The effectiveness of scalp hypothermia in preventing cyclophosphamide-induced
      alopecia.

PMID- 3697291
TI  - Research collaboration among nurse clinicians.

PMID- 3697292
TI  - Nursing--serving for the society (the establishment of outpatient nursing
      advisory and home care services in Shanghai, China).

PMID- 3697293
TI  - Vulvar self examination (VSE).

PMID- 3697294
TI  - Strategic Planning Task Force Report.

PMID- 3697296
TI  - The biotherapy of cancer. Proceedings of a symposium May 8, 1987 Denver,
      Colorado.

PMID- 3697295
TI  - Identifying and utilizing key personnel for cancer nursing research.

PMID- 3697297
TI  - Biotherapy: an introductory overview.

PMID- 3697299
TI  - [22d Congress of the Polish Phthisiopneumological Society. Lublin, 1921 June
      1986. Proceedings].

PMID- 3697298
TI  - Future trends in biotherapy.

PMID- 3697300
TI  - [Viral infections of the respiratory system].

PMID- 3697301
TI  - [Chemotherapy of bacterial infections of the respiratory system].

PMID- 3697302
TI  - [Role of non-tuberculosis mycobacteria in respiratory tract diseases].

PMID- 3697303
TI  - [Occurrence of microorganisms of the genus Mycobacterium in soil and water
      samples from the city of Warsaw].

PMID- 3697305
TI  - [Bacterial infections and the status of cellular immunity in patients with
      chronic obstructive bronchitis].

PMID- 3697304
TI  - [Difficulties in the diagnosis of Mycobacterium infections of the respiratory
      tract].

PMID- 3697306
TI  - [Evaluation of selected immunologic indicators in patients with recurrent
      respiratory tract infections].

PMID- 3697307
TI  - [Capacity of granulocytes of engulf latex particles and reduce NBT in patients
      with atopic and infectious asthma in relation to serum levels of
      immunoglobulins].

PMID- 3697308
TI  - [Tobacco smoking among physicians in Poland. Preliminary report on the study
      conducted in 1986].

PMID- 3697309
TI  - [Smoking and malignant neoplasm mortality in Poland].

PMID- 3697311
TI  - Absenteeism due to illness in smokers.

PMID- 3697310
TI  - [Cigarette smoking and lung cancer (data of the Lung Disease Clinic, Medical
      Academy, in Wroclaw].

PMID- 3697312
TI  - [Absenteeism due to diseases of the respiratory tract and smoking in the textile
      industry].

PMID- 3697313
TI  - [Effect of tobacco smoke on alveolar macrophages].

PMID- 3697314
TI  - [Level of harmful substances in Polish cigarettes 1985].

PMID- 3697315
TI  - [Xanthines in the treatment of reversible obstruction of the bronchi].

PMID- 3697316
TI  - [Treatment of subacute respiratory insufficiency in chronic cor pulmonale by the
      erythrapheresis method].

PMID- 3697317
TI  - [Immunosuppressive properties of the serum of patients with lung cancer].

PMID- 3697318
TI  - [Effect of environmental factors on the incidence of allergic diseases in
      children].

PMID- 3697319
TI  - [Incidence of cryptococcosis of the internal organs in Poland].

PMID- 3697320
TI  - [3 cases of adenocarcinoma in patients with diffuse chronic interstitial
      progressive pulmonary fibrosis].

PMID- 3697321
TI  - [A case of intravital diagnosis of generalized cryptococcosis].

PMID- 3697322
TI  - [Incidence of asthma caused by food allergy in childhood].
AB  - Both upper and lower respiratory tracts can be affected by food allergy. In
      infants these symptoms may be due exclusively to food allergy or may result from
      the effect of food allergy and another co-factor (gastro-esophageal reflux,
      immunodeficiency, concomitant allergy to inhalants, etc.). The incidence of food
      induced asthma is not well know. In this study, using open and double blind food
      challenge, we found that the incidence of IgE-mediated, food-induced asthma in
      children is 5.7%. The most offending foods were milk, eggs, and peanuts. Food
      allergy respiratory symptoms were almost always associated with other clinical
      manifestations (cutaneous, gastrointestinal). In fact we have been able to
      demonstrate only one isolated case of cough due to food allergy. It follows that
      the recognition of food dependent-IgE-mediated asthma is essentially limited to
      these cases characterized by food allergy with asthmatic expression.

PMID- 3697323
TI  - [Behavior of total IgE in normal and atopic subjects of various ages].
AB  - We have determined total IgE in serum of 640 healthy subjects and 620 atopic
      asthmatic subjects of both sexes, aged between 1 and 70. Values of antibody E
      after decimal logarithmic transformation have acquired a path as in Gaussian
      curves. Healthy subjects, chosen for sex and for unit of ten years of life,
      constantly show mean values in serum have appeared in the first and second decade
      of life in males; in second and third in females. Those facts should be
      originated by genetic factors connected with sex. We have described
      physiopathological conditions in which an increase of serum IgE could be
      connected with genetic factors and mechanism ascertained today, both responsible
      for the control of IgE.

PMID- 3697324
TI  - [Dietary prevention and therapy with lamb meat extract in 26 children multi
      allergic to food, with multiple exclusion diet during intensive or post
      diagnostic maintenance therapy].
AB  - Actuating a study on foods' allergenicity with respiratory expression, in 100
      children, with FBST (food bronchostimulation test) has been selectioned 86
      responsive children. Twenty poliallergic subjects whose ten with audiometric and
      impedentiometric damage and six children of intensive care has received a diet
      with a "like-milk" with liofilized lamb's meat. This "like-milk" allowed to
      effect homely cream-pie and ice-cream and "milk" cup. The use of this milk
      allowed the food allergen's removal holding a accepted diet and sufficient for
      calorie too. Holding this diet reappeared the normality of spirometric,
      rinomanometric and impedentiometric values.

PMID- 3697325
TI  - [Irritable bowel syndrome in children].
AB  - The irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common chronic functional
      gastroenterological disorder both in adults and in children. In this study we
      evaluate the different aspects of this syndrome, comparing our observations on
      332 children with other studies. Epidemiological data (frequency, sex, age) are
      examined so as the family histories of gastroenterological disorders. We take in
      account several pathogenic hypotheses, especially with reference to the
      alterations of gastrointestinal motility, which could be caused by several
      factors (psychological, prostaglandins, bile acids, etc.). The clinical picture
      is very variable, variations depending on the age of children and on the time of
      onset of IBS. The colic of neonate, caused by retention of air, is the main
      symptom in the first months of life, followed by chronic diarrhoea, also defined
      as toddler's diarrhoea, sometime alternating with constipation. In later
      childhood, recurrent abdominal pain represents a common complaint, in association
      with diarrhoea or constipation. The principal steps for a proper diagnosis so as
      the main differential diagnosis are defined. We explain the most important
      features of management (reassuring parents, free diet), excluding prescription of
      drugs, that produce only a transitory and symptomatic relief, so as elimination
      diets, that cause only a failure to thrive without any improvement of symptoms.

PMID- 3697326
TI  - [Diagnostic usefulness and predictive value of laboratory tests in disseminated
      vascular coagulation].
AB  - The laboratory tests of 38 patients in pediatric age with Disseminated
      Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) were retrospectively evaluated. In all patients
      were performed PT, aPTT, platelets count, FDP dosage and biological assay of
      Fibrinogen. In most of them the activity of FII, FV, FVII, FX and FVIII was
      assaied. According to the diagnostic criteria of FSP greater than 8
      micrograms/ml, Platelets less than 150 10(9)/1 and Fibrinogen less than 150
      ml/dl, in 16 patients the diagnosis of DIC was possible since first examination,
      while in 9 patients it became possible within 2-4 days; in 13 patients we never
      could diagnose DIC, although it was reasonably present, since the criteria above
      mentioned were never simultaneously satisfied. Looking back in our experience, we
      confirm that the platelets count and the quantitation of plasmatic Fibrin
      Degradation Products (FDP) are the most useful tests for the diagnosis of full
      blown DIC, and that the biological assay of plasmatic fibrinogen helps to follow
      the disorder. A low level of FVIII:C seems to be a forecast of failure. None of
      the other test performed give any useful information for diagnosis when it is not
      possible with the above mentioned tests.

PMID- 3697327
TI  - [Clinical course and therapy in 94 cases of rheumatic peliosis hospitalized at
      the Trento Pediatric Center from 1967 to 1986].
AB  - Therapy and clinical evolution are described in 94 cases of rheumatic peliosis
      accepted in about twenty years in the second division of the pediatric
      department. In 52 cases (55 per cent) at the first stage of the disease
      chlorpromazinic treatment only was performed and gradually replaced by
      prednisonich therapy; in other 36 lighter cases, (37 per cent) the treatment was
      prednisonic only. Other six cases were not treated at all. It is pointed out the
      chlorpromazine capacity to make every clinical sign vanish in a few days only
      allowing to practise prednisonic treatment and therefore obstaining remarkable
      reduction of the child's pain. It is also remarked the harmloness of the
      treatment performed which is therefore recommended in the therapy of Schoenlein
      Henoch disease.

PMID- 3697328
TI  - [Diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis: rapid clinical response to treatment with
      steroids].
AB  - A case of diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis is reported with efficacy of steroid
      treatment and favourable outcome.

PMID- 3697329
TI  - [Transient idiopathic hyperphosphatasemia in infancy. Presentation of a case].
AB  - One case of a 13-months-old-female infant with transient idiopathic
      hyperphosphatasemia is described. This syndrome is characterized by: 1) increased
      serum alkaline phosphatase activity not associate with an organic disease; 2)
      normalization of the enzyme activity within 12 weeks. Familial
      hyperphosphatasemia, a permanens disease, is also excluded because of ALP normal
      values in both parents. Rickets, hepatic and biliary diseases are excluded by
      clinical, radiologic and laboratory data.

PMID- 3697330
TI  - [Transverse hemimelia of the lower right limb associated with sysmetrical
      malformations of the hands in a newborn infant].
AB  - The authors report a newborn infant affected by terminal transverse hemimelia of
      the right lower limb, associated with symmetric malformations of the hands,
      simulating the "amniotic bands syndrome". The symmetric hand anomalies and the
      presence of slight malformations of the left lower limb lead us to think that the
      etiology of this case is genetic, probably related to a new mutation.

PMID- 3697331
TI  - [Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Presentation of a clinical case].
AB  - A case of Cornelia de Lange syndrome is described. The infant showed the typical
      morphologic malformations of the syndrome, a certain resemblance with his mother
      and maternal grandmother and, in agreement with the most part of literature, no
      karyotypic anomalies. The infant developed a Staphilococcal sepsis and died at 23
      days of age.

PMID- 3697332
TI  - [Klippel-Feil syndrome. Description of a case associated with familial mental
      retardation].
AB  - The authors describe a case of Klippel-Feil syndrome with involvement of the
      cervical spine and severe mental deficiency which was also present in many
      relatives of the maternal side. It is discussed as this mental deficiency could
      be due either to the syndrome itself or to a nonspecific X-linked mental
      retardation.

PMID- 3697333
TI  - [Kawasaki disease. Description of a case with atypical onset and course].
AB  - The authors, pointing out this case, intend to lay emphasis upon the possibility
      that, within a clinical-nosological entity complex itself, there were atypic
      forms (persisting pulmonary infiltration, marked hepatosplenomegaly, noticeably
      delayed thrombocitosis), for which only a careful estimate of all the elements
      permits the diagnosis.

PMID- 3697334
TI  - [Poisoning caused by the cutaneous application of camphorated balsam ointment in
      a nursing infant].
AB  - We describe a case of camphor and balsamic oil poisoning observed in a 1-month
      old infant. Because of toxic effects of camphor and volatile oils on central
      nervous system, these compounds show no therapeutical usefullness in children.

PMID- 3697335
TI  - [Lipids of the liver and aorta of rabbits fed with cholesterol before and after
      surgical exclusion of the terminal segment of the ileum].
AB  - The experiments were carried out on 15 rabbits od common breed in 3 groups, K-
      control, 1--unoperated and 2--operated. The weight of the animals before
      operation oscillated from 3.8-4 kg. Group 1 was fed with standard food with an
      addition of 4 g cristal cholesterol and 4 g of pork lard for 21 days. The animals
      in group 2 were fed similarly. This group was operated with 1/3 bypass of the
      caudal part of the small intestine. After 3 weeks the rabbits of both groups were
      killed. For biophysical and pathohistological investigations, sections of the
      right liver lobe, abdominal aorta and the small intestine were taken. Lipids of
      the liver and aorta wall were analysed chromatodensitographically. The results
      were statistically analysed and tabulated. In group 1, three times more lipids
      were found in the liver and about 2 times more in the aorta wall, than in group
      K. In group 2, the level of total lipids in the liver and in aorta wall was
      slightly higher than in the control. It was caused by TG and UF in the liver and
      by CE and UF in the aorta wall. Microscopic observations in group 1 showed
      diffused, vast multifocal undegenerative steatosis of the liver and considerable
      lipids infiltration without atherosclerotic plaques in the aorta wall. In group
      2, steatosis of the liver was slight and it did not occur in the aorta wall.
      Normalization of the composition and distribution of lipids was observed in the
      liver lobules and aorta wall. Partial by-pass of the small intestine was in
      atrophy because of inactivity in the presence of a relative multiplication of
      mucocells.

PMID- 3697336
TI  - [Effect of cholesterol on intestinal motility in rabbits in chronic experiments].
AB  - The motoricity of an isolated intestinal loop under the influence of cholesterol
      before and after blocking the cholinergic or adrenergic receptors was recorded in
      8 rabbits in chronic experiments. The adrenergic receptors wereblocked by
      intravenous administration of phentolamine and propranol, whereas cholinergic
      ones by atropine. At the same time the total level of cholesterol in vesicular
      bile was determined by the method of Zlatkis in 10 rabbits, and that in the wall
      of the jejunum by the method of Lieberman and Burchart. It was shown that
      cholesterol caused decrease of pressure in the intestinal loop, which was 1.3-4.1
      kPa, resulting from dilatation of the intestines, if its concentration reaches
      1.3-5.2 mmol/l. After blocking the adrenergic receptors and administration of
      cholesterol, its dilatating effect on the intestines was not observed, but most
      often a pressure increase in the intestinal loop by 2.3 kPa. The total
      cholesterol level in vesicular bile was 33.3 mmol/l, while 55.9 mg/g of tissue in
      the wall of the jejunum. The above studies showed that cholesterol at certain
      concentrations has a dilatating effect on the intestines. The dilatating
      mechanism of cholesterol is connected with adrenergic receptors. The
      concentrations of cholesterol decreasing the motoric activity of intestines are
      found in the organism, e.g. in bile, blood or in the intestine wall itself.

PMID- 3697337
TI  - [Effect of bile and bile acids on monoamine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase
      activity in the jejunum of rabbits, guinea pigs and swine].
AB  - The studies were carried out in vitro on the jejunum of 10 pigs, 10 rabbits and
      10 guinea pigs. The activity monoaminooxidase (MAO) was determined manometrically
      in Warburg's apparatus, that of acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
      spectrophotometrically after Ellman's method modified by urek and Syrowatka. The
      obtained results were statistically analysed. It was shown that in the animals
      studied the bile acids exerted a considerable effect on the activity of enzymes
      metabolising neurohormones. Under the influence of bile the activity of
      monoaminooxidase was inhibited. Stimulating, but less distinctly, bile effected
      the activity of acetylocholinesterase. Significant differences in the action of
      bile on the activity of these enzymes were found in the jejunum of the animal
      species studied. The highest decrease in the activity of MAO under the influence
      of bile was found in the jejunum of the rabbit (by about 65%), a weker in the pig
      (by 37.5%) and guinea-pig (by 18.5%). However, the highest increase in the
      activity of AChE under the influence of bile occurred in the pigs (by about
      21.6%), a weaker in the rabbit (by 16.4%) and guinea-pig (by about 11.5%). Among
      the bile acids, the strongest action on both the activity of MAO and AChE was
      exerted by lithocholic acid, desoxycholic, weaker by cholic and chenodesoxycholic
      acid. MAO activity under the influence of lithocholic acid decreased (in the pig
      by about 63%, rabbit by 55.7% and guinea pig by 34.8%). After incubation of the
      jejunum in desoxycholic acid a decrease in MAO activity occurred (in the rabbit
      by 43.8%, pig by about 39.4% and guinea-pig by 15.7%). AChE activity under the
      influence of lithocholic acid increased (in the pig on average by 62.2% rabbit by
      21.8 and guinea-pig by about 10.2%). After incubation of the jejunum in
      desoxycholic acid an increase in the activity of acetylcholinesteras occurred (in
      the pig by about 13.5%, guinea-pig by 7.7% rabbit 7.3%).

PMID- 3697338
TI  - [Effect of leanness and emaciation on the development of intravital and post
      slaughter macroscopic changes in the cattle].
AB  - The purpose of the studies was to determine the pre-and postslaughter
      characteristics of the body and selected organs of cattle in relation to their
      degree of fatness which are important for veterinary inspection. The studies were
      carried out on 60 cows of the lowland black-and-white breed at about 4 years of
      age, divided into 4 groups according to the degree of fatness: well fed, lean,
      moderately emaciated and completely emaciated. It was found that: a) the
      preslaughter macroscopic features of the animal body does not permit to
      differentiate the leannes from two states of emaciation, they are important only
      in the postslaughter quality grading of carcasses, b) for the differentiation of
      fatness of cattle from the sanitary point of view only postslaughter evaluation
      based on the characteristics of carcass (index of beef round and loin eye area)
      and some organs (liver), is significant, c) for the use in veterinary inspection
      three states of the degree of fatness, i.e. well-feeding, leannes and emaciation
      are recommended.

PMID- 3697339
TI  - [Effects of leanness and emaciation of cattle on quantitative characteristics of
      meat].
AB  - The studies were carried out on 60 cows of the lowland black-and-white breed at
      about 4 years of age, which were divided into 4 groups according to the degree of
      fatness: well-fed, lean, moderately and completely emaciated. The basic
      composition, water holding capacity, miofibrillar protein, collagen, amino acid
      composition of proteins, biological value of muscle proteins, DNA level, pH,
      physical parameters of muscle fibres and sensory properties of meat were
      determined. It was found that: a) with the decrease of the fatness degree changes
      in the basic composition of muscle tissue follow; the most significant is the
      decrease in the content of total protein, particularly that of miofibrillar
      protein, b) the water to protein ratio over 4 to 1 is a good index for
      determination of emaciation, c) the biological value of protein is the same
      regardless the degree of fatness, d) distinct organoleptic changes of meat occur
      only in extreme cases of emaciation.

PMID- 3697340
TI  - [Effects of leanness and emaciation on qualitative characteristics of the fatty
      tissue of cattle].
AB  - The purpose of the studies was to determine the basic composition, the total
      content of saturated, unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids of perirenal
      fat of cattle according to the degree of fatness. The studies were carried out on
      60 cows of the lowland black-and-white breed at about 4 years of age, which were
      divided into 4 groups according to the degree of fatness: well-fed, lean,
      moderately and completely emaciated. It was found that with decrease of the
      fatness degree only the basic composition of perirenal fat changed significantly;
      the chemical composition of triglycerides remains virtually unchanged.

PMID- 3697341
TI  - [Decontamination effectiveness of Ca-, Zn- and MnDTPA chelates in internal
      contamination with Cs-137, Ce-144, J-131, Sr-90 radioisotopes].
AB  - The studies were carried out on 240 rabbits divided into 4 groups, in which,
      after contamination with i.v. radioisotopes 137Cs (A), 144Ce (B), 131J (C), 90Sr
      (D), Ca-, Zn-, MnDTPA chelates were used in 12.5% water solutions in doses of 0.4
      g/kg of body weight. The evaluation of the decontaminating effectiveness of the
      above DTPA compounds, taking into account veterinary-clinical and veterinary
      sanitary aspects, was made with to the individual radioisotopes on the basis of
      radiometric studies. These studies carried out after 1,2,4,6,15 days from the
      contamination, by using a measurement system, concerned the following organs and
      tissues: blood, brain, heart, muscles of the thigh and arm, lungs, kidneys,
      liver, stomach, colon, bone, thyroid gland. The results expressing the per cent
      values of radioactivity of the organs in relation to the dose of the
      radioisotopes introduced into the organism and to the value of radioactivity of
      the particular organs in Bq/100 mg of ash, including discussion and conclusions,
      are presented in individual groups. From these data it can be assumed for
      practical veterinary purpose that Ca-, Zn-, MnDTPA chelates show an effective
      action with respect to the veterinary-clinical aspect in contamination with
      radiocerium, and with respect to the veterinary-sanitary aspect in contamination
      with radiocerium and radioiiodine; less effective action with respect to the
      veterinary-sanitary aspect, and ineffective with respect to the veterinary
      clinical aspect in contamination with radiocesium; negative one with respect to
      both aspects in contamination with radiostrontium. As regards the individual
      chelating compounds, the most effective can be recognized sodium zinc salt of
      DTPA.

PMID- 3697342
TI  - [Pathomorphological picture of various internal organs of rats after long-term
      exposure to toxic substances in raw coke gas].
AB  - The authors carried out morphological evaluation of a long-term action of toxic
      substances at low concentrations (about 1 NDS), contained in raw coke oven gas,
      i.e. gases: CO, H2S, SO2, NH3 and benzene, as well as dusts containing: C, SiO2,
      Pb and Cd on the liver and kidneys of three-month old male rats of the Wistar
      strain. The animals were exposed to the above toxic substances in an experimental
      chamber for 24 hr, and for 8 hr every day during 12 and 18 months. It was found
      that pathogenic action of the substances contained in raw coke oven gas was not
      the total action of all chemical components, but their complicated resultant.
      Significant differences in the intensity of morphological changes in lungs were
      observed between rats exposed for 8 hr ans 24 hr/day, in favour of the former.
      Such a relationship was not observed between 12 and 18 month exposition. Besides
      the catarrh of the air passages and cellular-fibrous changes in pulmonary
      alveoli, focal metaplasia of cells of bronchial epithelium was observed, which
      suggested the possibility of carcinogenic action of coke oven gases and dusts. No
      distinct morphological differences were found in the liver and kidneys between 8
      and 24 hr exposition, whereas great differences were found between 12 and 18
      months exposition. Chronic interstitial pyelitis was observed in kidneys after 18
      month exposition.

PMID- 3697344
TI  - Dysplastic nevi, melanoma and sunlight.

PMID- 3697343
TI  - [Iron, manganese and cobalt levels in soil, pasture grass and bodies of young
      bulls after irrigation of the soil with waste water].
AB  - The effect of irrigation of meadows with the water of the river. Ner on the
      levels of iron, manganese and cobalt in the soil and vegetation was studied.
      Experiments were also carried out on 30 young bulls fed with the hay grown on
      these meadows. The levels of iron and cobalt were determined in the blood plasma,
      and the manganese level in the hair of the bulls. The experiments were carried
      out twice during 93 days. The animals were divided into 3 groups. Group I and II
      received the hay from the irrigated meadows (group II received the hay from the
      meadows more intensively irrigated). Group III (control) received hay from non
      irrigated meadows. The daily diet consisted of 5 kg of hay and 3 kg of dried
      sugar beet residues. It was found that the irrigation caused an increase of iron
      content of the soil and the vegetation. This increase was proportional to the
      degree of irrigation. The iron level in the blood plasma of the bulls from group
      I, II and III did not show significant differences. The irrigation caused an
      increase of the manganese content the soil but the plants growing on this soil
      contained less manganese than those growing on non-irrigated meadows. There were
      no differences between the manganese content of the hair of the bulls from the
      three groups. The irrigation caused an increase of the cobalt content in the soil
      but it had no effect on cobalt content in the plants and the blood plasma of the
      bulls.

PMID- 3697345
TI  - Porphyrin-induced photodamage to isolated epidermal cells from hairless mice.
AB  - UVA light photodamages epidermal cells, as measured by inhibition of enzymatic
      activity and inhibition of respiration. This photodamage is greatly augmented in
      the presence of protoporphyrin as a photosensitizer. The increase in photodamage
      is greater for the cytosolic and mitochondrial enzymes lactate dehydrogenase and
      glutamate dehydrogenase and least for the lysosomal enzymes beta-glucuroninidase
      and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase. Upon irradiation in the presence of
      protoporphyrin, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase is released from the epidermal
      cells. These results may help to explain some features of the pathogenesis of
      erythropoietic protoporphyria.

PMID- 3697346
TI  - Kinetics of 8-methoxypsoralen and 5-methoxypsoralen distribution in guinea pig
      serum, epidermis and ocular lens.
AB  - The kinetics of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) and 5-methoxypsoralen (5-MOP)
      distribution in serum, epidermis and lens was studied in the guinea pig following
      oral administration of crystalline 8-MOP or 5-MOP. Serum and epidermal levels of
      both psoralens, determined by high performance liquid chromatography, showed
      similar uptake and elimination. Lens levels of 8-MOP significantly lagged behind
      serum and epidermal levels. There were measurable quantities of 8-MOP in both
      epidermis and lens 18 h following administration. The bioavailability of 5-MOP
      was significantly lower than that of 8-MOP in all tissues analyzed. Possible
      clinical significance of these findings is discussed.

PMID- 3697347
TI  - Photoactivation mechanism of hyaluronidase by chlorpromazine.
AB  - A pre-irradiated chlorpromazine (CPZ) in pH 7.2 and aqueous solutions activated
      hyaluronidase, and it showed the enzyme-activating action even after 7 days of
      irradiation. This indicates that the stable photoproducts of CPZ activated the
      enzyme. But promazine and CPZ-5-sulfoxide, which are photoproducts of CPZ, did
      not activate the enzyme in the presence and absence of UVA. The dimer and higher
      molecular weight (MW) products of CPZ that were obtained by treating the pre
      irradiated CPZ solution with gel permeation chromatography showed the
      hyaluronidase by activating action without UVA. In addition, photoactivation of
      hyaluronidase by CPZ was inhibited by radical quenchers. This suggested that the
      photoproducts with enzyme-activating action were produced via some radicals. On
      the basis of these findings, a possible mechanism for photoactivation of
      hyaluronidase by CPZ was proposed.

PMID- 3697348
TI  - Histogenesis of UV light-induced blister formation.
AB  - Histological examination of ultraviolet light (UVL)-induced blister formation in
      guinea pig skin is reported. Light and electron-microscopic examination was
      performed on skin exposed to single and multiple exposures of a large dose of
      UVB. In light microscopy, intracellular edema was prominent, especially in the
      lower part of the epidermis, where it developed into a blister. It seemed to be a
      subepidermal bulla. The PAS-positive basement membrane was observed at the floor
      of the blister. The positive Nikolsky's sign seemed to be due to a separation
      between the degenerated and regenerated epidermis. Electron microscopy revealed a
      marked intercellular as well as intracellular edema and well-preserved
      desmosomes. The basal lamina was always located at the floor of the blister. The
      difference in UVL-induced blister formation between normal and pathological
      conditions is discussed.

PMID- 3697349
TI  - Long-term efficacy of PUVA treatment in lichen planus: comparison of oral and
      external methoxsalen regimens.
AB  - Forty-three patients with lichen planus (LP) were treated with either oral
      methoxsalen PUVA (10 cases), bath methoxsalen PUVA (13 cases) or no PUVA (20
      cases). In the bath treatment series, a good or excellent clearing of the lesions
      was registered in 10 out of 13 cases after courses of 8-46 irradiations, while in
      the orally medicated group only 5 out of 10 had a similar response after 8-30
      irradiations. In addition, 11 of the 23 PUVA-treated patients showed progressive
      improvement of their condition during the first few months after PUVA therapy. A
      clinical follow-up study was made 15 and 10 months later in the oral and bath
      PUVA groups, respectively, and at 10 months in the no-PUVA group. Six of the 23
      PUVA-treated patients (23%) were found to be totally clear, but the remaining 17
      patients (74%) had clinical signs of LP. Eleven of the 20 no-PUVA-treated
      patients (55%) showed total clearing. It is concluded that while both oral and
      bath methoxsalen PUVA regimens have a distinct immediate (1-2 months) clearing
      effect on LP, the late outcome of the rash is not better than with no UV
      treatment; PUVA treatment may possibly even prolong the ultimate course of LP.

PMID- 3697350
TI  - Effects of UVA on human stratum corneum histidine and urocanic acid isomers.

PMID- 3697351
TI  - [In vitro glucose utilization by whole venous blood of healthy persons and of
      patients with neutrophil granulocytosis and leukemia].

PMID- 3697352
TI  - [Blast transformation of lymphocytes in relation to the stage of lymphocytic
      leukemia].

PMID- 3697353
TI  - [Over 4-year observations of children after recurrence of Hodgkin's disease].

PMID- 3697354
TI  - [Infiltrations of soft tissues in multiple myeloma].

PMID- 3697355
TI  - Identification of the core-histone-binding domains of HMG1 and HMG2.
AB  - High mobility group (HMG) nonhistone chromosomal proteins are a group of
      abundant, conservative and highly charged nuclear proteins whose physiological
      role in chromatin is still unknown. To gain insight into the interactions of HMG1
      and HMG2 with the fundamental components of chromatin we have introduced the
      methodology of photochemical crosslinking. This technique has allowed us to study
      the interaction of HMG1 and HMG2 with the core histones, in the form of an H2A X
      H2B dimer and an (H3 X H4)2 tetramer, for an effective time of crosslinking of
      less than 1 ms and under very mild conditions. This is achieved by using flash
      photolysis. With this procedure we found that both HMG1 and HMG2 interact with
      H2A X H2B and also with (H3 X H4)2. In the second case, they seem to do this
      through histone H3. To obtain more information about the interactions, we split
      HMG1 and HMG2 into their peptides using staphylococcal proteinase. The peptides
      obtained, which reflect the domain distribution of these proteins, were then used
      along with the histone oligomers to elucidate their interactions by means of
      photochemical crosslinking. Results obtained indicate that the domain of HMG1 and
      HMG2 involved in the interaction with H2A X H2B histones is the highly acidic C
      terminal, whereas the N-terminal is involved in the interactions with (H3 X H4)2
      histones. In all cases, the interactions found appear appreciably strong. Along
      with other data published in the literature, these proteins appear to have at
      least one binding site per domain for the chromatin components.

PMID- 3697356
TI  - Inhibition of DNA polymerase alpha by gossypol.
AB  - Our earlier studies have shown that gossypol is a specific inhibitor of DNA
      synthesis in cultured cells at low doses. In an attempt to determine the
      mechanism for the inhibition of DNA synthesis by gossypol we observed that
      gossypol does not interact with DNA per se but may affect some of the enzymes
      involved in DNA replication. These studies indicated that gossypol inhibits both
      in vivo and in vitro the activity of DNA polymerase alpha (EC 2.7.7.7), a major
      enzyme involved in DNA replication, in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Kinetic
      analysis revealed that gossypol acts as a noncompetitive inhibitor of DNA
      polymerase alpha with respect to all four deoxynucleotide triphosphates and to
      the activated DNA template. Inhibition of DNA polymerase alpha does not appear to
      be due to either metal chelation or reduction of sulfhydryl groups on the enzyme.
      Gossypol also inhibited HeLa DNA polymerase beta in a dose-dependent manner, but
      had no effect on DNA polymerase gamma. These results suggest that inhibition of
      DNA polymerase alpha may account in part for the inhibition of DNA synthesis and
      the S-phase block caused by gossypol. The data also raise the possibility that
      gossypol may interfere with DNA repair processes as well.

PMID- 3697357
TI  - Products of thiocyanate peroxidation: properties and reaction mechanisms.
AB  - The lactoperoxidase-catalyzed oxidation of thiocyanate (SCN-) was studied in the
      pH range 3-8. The ultraviolet spectra of the oxidation products, the
      hypothiocyanite ion, OSCN- (at pH 8) and hypothiocyanous acid, HOSCN (at pH 3),
      were recorded. The absorbance maxima for OSCN- and HOSCN were observed at 220 and
      240 nm, respectively. The extinction coefficients for OSCN- and HOSCN were
      determined to be 3870 (at 220 nM) and 95 M-1 X cm-1 (at 240 nM), respectively.
      Pure solutions of OSCN- (at pH 8) and HOSCN (at pH 3) were stable, but the
      mixtures of these two species at intermediate pH values were unstable. The
      decomposition could be divided into two periods, an initial period of rapid
      increase in oxidizing equivalents and a second period of decomposition.
      Decomposition during the second period followed first-order kinetics, and the pH
      dependence of the apparent first-order rate constant was consistent with a
      decomposition mechanism which involved HOSCN. The first-order rate constant for
      this step was estimated to be 6 X 10(-3) s-1 at 37 degrees C.

PMID- 3697358
TI  - Is thiocyanate peroxidation at equilibrium in vivo?
AB  - The peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of SCN- by H2O2 is an important in vivo
      reaction because it limits the accumulation of toxic H2O2 and provides
      significant concentrations of the antimicrobial agents, HOSCN and OSCN-. Data
      presented in this report suggest that the reaction: (Formula: see text) is in a
      state of dynamic equilibrium in vivo. Since OSCN- can form the weak acid HOSCN
      (pKa = 5.3), the equilibrium constant expression (Kox) for thiocyanate
      peroxidation is dependent on the concentration of hydrogen ions as well as the
      concentrations of H2O2, SCN-, HOSCN, OSCN- and water, and on the HOSCN ionization
      constant, Ka: (Formula: see text). The concentration of water is assumed to be
      constant and unaffected by the other components and is omitted from the Kox
      equation. The value of Kox was estimated from in vitro data to be 3.7 X 10(3) M-1
      (S.D. = 0.8 X 10(3) M-1, n = 8). Using this value for Kox and observations of
      salivary concentrations of SCN- and HOSCN + OSCN- from several previous reports,
      the equilibrium concentrations of H2O2 in whole saliva were calculated to range
      from 8 to 13 microM. This range is consistent with reported estimates of 10
      microM as the hydrogen peroxide tolerance limit for human cells.

PMID- 3697359
TI  - Conformational change of cytochrome P-450 indicated by the measurement of
      fluorescence-energy transfer.
AB  - The conformation of cytochrome P-450 was studied in relation to the interaction
      with its substrate by the measurement of fluorescence energy transfer. Cytochrome
      P-450 I-c and cytochrome P-450 II-d, both obtained from the hepatic microsome of
      polychlorinated biphenyl-treated rats, were used as P-450 type and P-448 type,
      respectively, and benzo[a]pyrene and 7-ethoxycoumarin were used as substrate. The
      distance between the donor and acceptor, which was described by the Forster
      equation, was calculated on the basis of the fluorescence-energy transfer between
      the substrate as a donor and the heme of the enzyme as an acceptor. The distance
      was apparently changed by incorporation of the enzyme into phospholipid or by
      reduction of the heme, indicating that the treatments changed the conformation of
      the enzyme. Differences in the conformational change were observed between the
      two enzymes, and the conformational change of cytochrome P-450 II-d using
      benzo[a]pyrene as a substrate was different from that using 7-ethoxycoumarin. The
      results suggest that the substrate-binding sites of the two enzymes differ in
      position toward the heme, and that there are at least two different substrate
      sites in cytochrome P-450 II-d, one for benzo[a]pyrene and another for 7
      ethoxycoumarin.

PMID- 3697360
TI  - A calmodulin and alpha-subunit binding domain in human erythrocyte spectrin.
AB  - Human erythrocyte spectrin binds calmodulin weakly under native conditions. This
      binding is enhanced in the presence of urea. The site responsible for this
      enhanced binding in urea has now been shown to reside in a specific region of the
      spectrin beta-subunit. Cleavage of spectrin with trypsin, cyanogen bromide or 2
      nitro-5-thiocyanobenzoic acid generates fragments of the molecule which retain
      the ability to bind calmodulin under denaturing conditions. The origin of these
      fragments, identified by two-dimensional peptide mapping, is the terminal region
      of the spectrin beta-IV domain. The smallest peptide active in calmodulin binding
      is a 10 000 Mr fragment generated by cyanogen bromide cleavage. Only the intact
      74 000 Mr fragment generated by trypsin (the complete beta-IV domain) retains the
      capacity to reassociate with the isolated alpha-subunit of spectrin. The position
      of a putative calmodulin binding site near a site for subunit-subunit association
      and protein 4.1 and actin binding suggests a possible role in vivo for calmodulin
      regulation of the spectrin-actin membrane skeleton or for regulation of subunit
      subunit associations. This beta-subunit binding site in erythrocyte spectrin is
      found in a region near the NH2-terminus at a position analogous to the alpha
      subunit calmodulin binding site previously identified in a non-erythroid spectrin
      by ultrastructural studies.

PMID- 3697361
TI  - Synthetic amatoxin analogue. A two-dimensional proton NMR study of S-deoxy-(Ile3)
      (D-Ala7)-amaninamide.
AB  - The effect of substitution of L and D amino acids in amatoxin analogues is
      discussed in this paper. The structure of the analog where D-alanine substitutes
      for glycine in position 7 has been worked out in solution by two-dimensional NMR
      methods using a 500 MHz instrument. The combined use of COSY and NOESY two
      dimensional spectra allows a clear assignment of the resonances. The use of the
      coupling constants permits the calculation of the phi angles of the backbone. The
      NOE effects reveal the through-space contacts between protons of different
      peptide units, thus determining the rigidity of the amatoxin structure. On these
      grounds it has been possible to elucidate the conformation of the amatoxin
      analogue that resembles very closely that of beta-amanitin, thus explaining the
      high inhibitory activity toward RNA polymerase B.

PMID- 3697362
TI  - Characterization and conformational analysis by Raman spectroscopy of human
      airway lysozyme.
AB  - Human airway lysozyme, purified from pathological bronchial secretions, is
      characterized by a specific activity 3-fold higher than that of hen egg-white
      lysozyme. The amino acid composition of human airway lysozyme is identical to
      that of other human lysozymes. The laser Raman spectra of human airway lysozyme
      and hen egg-white lysozyme in phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.2) are recorded in
      the range 300-1900 cm-1 at 488 nm. Drastic intensity differences are observed
      between the spectra analyzed in the ranges characteristic of the peptide backbone
      (e.g., beta-sheet; C alpha-C, C alpha-N), and of the aromatic side-chain
      vibrations (tyrosine, tryptophan). The deconvolution of the Raman amide I band
      gives secondary structures of 38% and 39% alpha-helix, 25% and 20% beta-sheet,
      and 37% and 41% undefined structure for the human and hen lysozymes,
      respectively.

PMID- 3697363
TI  - The regulation of porphobilinogen oxygenase and porphobilinogen deaminase
      activities in rat bone marrow under conditions of erythropoietic stress.
AB  - Porphorbilinogen oxygenase (EC 4.2.1.24) was associated with the microsomal
      fraction of bone marrow in normal rats and in rats submitted to erythropoietic
      stress, while porphobilinogen deaminase (EC 4.3.1.8) of the same origin was
      present in the cytosol. An NADPH-dependent electron-donor system for the
      oxygenase was also present in the microsomes of the bone marrow. Under conditions
      of erythropoietic stress caused by hypoxia, the activities of both enzymes were
      found to be inversely correlated. While the oxygenase showed minimum activity
      between the 4th and 8th day of hypoxia, porphobilinogen deaminase reached its
      maximum activity during this period. After the 8th day of hypoxia, oxygenase
      activity increased while deaminase activity decreased. The NADPH-dependent
      electron-transport system necessary for the microsomal oxygenase activity was
      largely inactivated after the 10th day of hypoxia, while oxygenase activity was
      not affected. The particulate porphobilinogen oxygenase could be solubilized from
      the bone marrow microsomes with 1% deoxycholate or 0.5 M KCl. In addition, the
      oxygenase was also released by freezing and thawing the microsomes isolated from
      bone marrow of rats which had been submitted to an erythropoietic stress (hypoxia
      or phenylhydrazine). The enzyme solubilized with deoxycholate or KCl showed a
      high molecular weight form and a low molecular weight form (Mr 25 000). The
      former could be transformed into the latter either by treatment with 2 M KCl or
      by succinylation. When the oxygenase was solubilized by freezing and thawing a
      third molecular weight form (Mr 50 000) also appeared. The solubilized enzyme
      could be succinylated without loss of its catalytic activity, while the membrane
      bound enzyme could not be succinylated.

PMID- 3697364
TI  - Functional properties of hemoglobins from deep-sea fish: correlations with depth
      distribution and presence of a swimbladder.
AB  - The ligand binding properties of the hemoglobins of several deep-sea, bottom
      living fish have been examined. These include five species of rattails
      (Macrouridae) and Antimora rostrata, all of which possess swimbladders, and two
      unrelated species without swimbladders, Bathysaurus mollis and Alepocephalus sp.
      All of the hemolysates of these fish exhibited the Root effect with a minimum
      ligand affinity at about pH 6 in the presence of organic phosphate. Under these
      conditions the hemolysates from fish which possess swimbladders exhibit two
      roughly equal populations of heme groups with markedly different ligand
      affinities. For the deeper-dwelling species the affinities for carbon monoxide
      differ by some 500-fold, the low-affinity population having a p50(CO) of 100 mmHg
      at 15 degrees C. This very low affinity is associated with a second-order rate
      constant for CO combination of the order of 10(3) M-1 X s-1. Those species
      without swimbladders have hemoglobins which do not have such heterogeneous
      binding sites, suggesting a relationship between these very-low-affinity heme
      groups and the pumping of oxygen into a swimbladder at high hydrostatic
      pressures.

PMID- 3697365
TI  - Characterization of two cysteine residues in cytochrome P-450scc: chemical
      identification of the heme-binding cysteine residue.
AB  - It was found that there were only two cysteine residues in highly purified
      cytochrome P-450scc molecule from bovine adrenocortical mitochondria by titration
      with 5,5'-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) in denatured conditions. Only
      one cysteine residue at position 303 of cytochrome P-450scc could be specifically
      modified with DTNB in the native state. The resulting cytochrome P-450scc-5-thio
      2-nitrobenzoic acid complex (cytochrome P-450scc-TNB) showed no distinct
      differences in absorption spectra, cholesterol binding, or electron transferring
      from adrenodoxin, compared to those of untreated cytochrome P-450scc. These
      observations indicated that the 303rd cysteine residue does not play a role in
      heme binding, cholesterol (substrate) binding or adrenodoxin binding. The other
      cysteine residue at 461 could be modified with DTNB only in a denatured
      condition. These assignments of cysteine residues were made by the subsequent S
      cyanylation with KCN followed by incubation in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride at
      alkaline pH, which causes enhanced cleavage of peptide bonds adjacent to the
      cyanylated cysteine residues. Analyses of fragmented polypeptides by SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis confirmed that there were only two cysteine
      residues in the molecule and indicated that the cleavage rate of the peptide bond
      between 460 and 461 becomes high only when both cysteine residues (303 and 461)
      are cyanylated. These results clearly established that the 461st cysteine residue
      in cytochrome P-450scc plays a role as the heme fifth ligand on the basis of the
      general agreement that a thiolated cysteine residue coordinates to the heme iron.

PMID- 3697366
TI  - Conformation of abortifacient proteins: trichosanthin, alpha-momorcharin and beta
      momorcharin.
AB  - The conformations of three abortifacient proteins, trichosanthin from the Chinese
      herb Tianhuafen and alpha- and beta-momorcharin from the Chinese herb Kuguazi,
      were studied by circular dichroism. Their spectra in the ultraviolet region (188
      250 nm) were similar to each other and also pH-independent (between pH 5 and 9).
      All three proteins contained about 30% helix, as compared with 39% for
      trichosanthin by X-ray diffraction study, and 40-60% beta-sheets, but had no beta
      turns, suggesting a structural homology among the proteins. The addition of 20 mM
      sodium dodecyl sulfate nearly doubled the helicity of beta-momorcharin at the
      expense of beta-sheets but had a small effect on the conformation of alpha
      momorcharin, whereas the corresponding change in conformation for trichosanthin
      was in between the two momorcharins. This implies a marked difference in
      stability of the three proteins against the surfactant.

PMID- 3697367
TI  - Inhibition by amines indicates involvement of nitrogen dioxide in autocatalytic
      oxidation of oxyhemoglobin by nitrite.
AB  - Oxidation of oxyhemoglobin by nitrite is characterized by a lag period followed
      by an autocatalytic phase. The oxidation can be inhibited by the addition of
      morpholine, piperidine, triethanolamine or triethylamine (6 mM each). These
      amines are known to react with nitrogen dioxide to yield nitrosamine.
      Unexpectedly, aniline or aminopyrine (120 microM each) markedly inhibited the
      oxidation. These compounds, but not the other amines given above, inhibited the
      peroxide compound formation from methemoglobin and hydrogen peroxide. The results
      establish that, during the oxidation, the peroxide compound is generated and
      converts nitrite into nitrogen dioxide by its peroxidatic activity, resulting in
      an autocatalytic phase.

PMID- 3697368
TI  - Formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase-hydrolase from pig liver: simultaneous assay
      of the activities.
AB  - The bifunctional folate-dependent enzyme, 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase
      hydrolase (10-formyltetrahydrofolate: NADP+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.5.1.6), has been
      purified to homogeneity from pig liver. Its amino acid composition was determined
      and gave a calculated v of 0.735 ml/g; a molecular weight of 92500 for the
      protein subunit was determined as well. Spectrophotometric, fluorescence emission
      and radiochemical methods were devised to assay the activities. Quantitative
      separation of carbon dioxide and formate produced by the dehydrogenase and the
      hydrolase reactions, respectively, demonstrated that both activities occur
      simultaneously. This fact, together with a 5-fold difference in the Km values for
      the folate substrate, strongly suggests that these two activities are functions
      of different sites. The possible role of polyglutamate specificity for the
      preferential selection of one of the activities under physiological conditions
      was ruled out when both proved to have similar specificities, as determined by
      sensitivity to inhibition by tetrahydropteroylpolyglutamates.

PMID- 3697369
TI  - Amino acid sequence homology applied to the prediction of protein secondary
      structures, and joint prediction with existing methods.
AB  - The assumption that homologous segments in different proteins may share a similar
      conformation is applied to the prediction of secondary structures in proteins.
      Sequences homologous to a target protein are searched, without allowing any gap,
      and compared against a number of reference proteins of known three-dimensional
      structure, and then a conformational state (alpha, beta or coil) for each residue
      of the protein is predicted by looking at the secondary structure of
      corresponding homologous segments. This prediction is done in a statistical
      rather than 'deterministic' way, by assigning the most probable conformation
      state among homologous data to each residue site of a target protein. A test
      application for 22 sample proteins yields 60% correctness on the average, a
      better value in comparison with two other existing methods. Joint prediction
      combining three methods into one is shown to increase the reliability up to 70%,
      when only the regions identically predicted with the three methods are taken into
      account. Application of the present method to 10 proteins of unknown structure is
      demonstrated.

PMID- 3697370
TI  - The association of acrylamide with proteins. The interpretation of fluorescence
      quenching experiments.
AB  - The association properties of acrylamide with a number of proteins in aqueous
      solution have been investigated by a fluorescence-quenching method previously
      used in micelles and lipid bilayers (Blatt, E., Chatelier, R.C. and Sawyer, W.H.
      (1984) Chem. Phys. Lett. 108, 397-400). At pH 7.0, acrylamide partitions between
      the bulk aqueous phase and the proteins, human serum albumin, monellin and
      ovalbumin. Comparison with an earlier method of analysis (Sikaris, K.A.,
      Thulborn, K.A. and Sawyer, W.H. (1981) Chem. Phys. Lipids 29, 23-36) confirms the
      data quantitatively. For human serum albumin at pH 2.2, acrylamide associates
      according to both partition and binding processes. Equilibrium dialysis
      experiments performed for the latter system verify that acrylamide associates
      with proteins.

PMID- 3697371
TI  - Multiple complexes of thrombin and heparin.
AB  - Fluorescence polarization has been used to study the interaction of thrombin and
      heparin, and the catalysis by heparin of the combination of thrombin and
      antithrombin. At low ionic strength (20 mM Tris, pH 7.4), the addition of
      heparins of known molecular weights to thrombin led to the formation of large
      complexes (defined as 'complex 1'). Further addition of heparin led to a
      rearrangement of these large complexes to form smaller complexes (defined as
      'complex 2'). The molar ratio of thrombin to heparin in complex 1 increased with
      increasing heparin molecular weight, and corresponded to one thrombin molecule
      for every heparin segment of Mr 3000. The stoichiometry of complex 2 was 1
      heparin to 1 thrombin, irrespective of the heparin molecular weight. At higher
      ionic strength (150 mM NaCl) some complex 1 was still formed. However, by
      reversing the titration and adding thrombin to fluorescein-heparin the
      dissociation constant for complex 2 was estimated to be 1-3 microM and
      independent of the heparin molecular weight. The complex formed between thrombin
      and heparin, to which antithrombin was attached, has a dissociation constant of 1
      2 microM, again irrespective of the heparin molecular weight. In the heparin
      catalysed thrombin-antithrombin reaction, an increase in the size of heparin
      leads to a lowering of the observed Km for thrombin. A possible explanation is
      that thrombin, after initial binding to the heparin, moves rapidly to the site
      where it combines with antithrombin.

PMID- 3697372
TI  - Transamination of L-cystathionine and related compounds by a bovine liver enzyme.
      Possible identification with glutamine transaminase.
AB  - A transaminase which catalyses the monodeamination of L-cystathionine was
      purified 1100-fold with a yield of 15% from bovine liver. The monoketoderivative
      of cystathionine spontaneously produces the cyclic ketimine. Other sulfur
      containing amino acids related to cystathionine such as cystine, lanthionine and
      aminoethylcysteine were also substrates for the enzyme. The relative molecular
      mass of the enzyme was determined to be 94 000 with a probable dimeric structure
      formed of identical subunits. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was at pH 5.0
      and the maximal enzymatic activity was found at pH 9.0--9.2. Kinetic parameters
      for cystathionine and for the other sulfur amino acids as well as for some alpha
      keto acids were also determined. Among the natural amino acids tested, glutamine,
      methionine and histidine were the best amino donors. The enzyme exhibited maximal
      activity toward phenylpyruvate and alpha-keto-gamma-methiolbutyrate as amino
      acceptors. The broad specificity of the enzyme leads us to infer that the
      cystathionine transaminase is very similar or identical to glutamine
      transaminase.

PMID- 3697373
TI  - Enols of aldehydes in the peroxidase/oxidase-promoted generation of excited
      triplet species.
AB  - General (acid and base) or specific (fluoride ion) catalysis generates the enol
      of isobutanal and propanal from the corresponding trimethylsilyl enol ethers. The
      enols are directly rapidly oxidized by peroxidase (acting as an oxidase) to
      triplet acetone or triplet acetaldehyde, respectively, and formic acid. Due to
      the faster rate of reaction and the absence of quenching by excess aldehyde, the
      excited carbonyl emits more strongly than when the aldehyde itself is the
      substrate. With both enols the emission is pure phosphorescence. Both triplet
      acetone and triplet acetaldehyde are generated within the enzyme, as shown by the
      different quenching by D- and L-tryptophan, and are somewhat protected from
      oxygen quenching, as attested by the very fact that phosphorescence is observed.
      The use of enol precursors as substrates opens wide possibilities for
      photochemical investigations in the absence of light over a much broader range of
      experimental conditions.

PMID- 3697374
TI  - Intracellular generation of electronically excited states. Polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes challenged with a precursor of triplet acetone.
AB  - When the enol of isobutanal is added to polymorphonuclear cells, it undergoes an
      intracellular, myeloperoxidase-catalyzed aerobic oxidation with the formation of
      triplet acetone. The latter induces considerable damage if the enol concentration
      exceeds 2 mM. Cells which do not have myeloperoxidase are not damaged.

PMID- 3697375
TI  - Identification of a novel glycopeptide species that correlates with
      differentiation of F9 cells.
AB  - The high-molecular-weight fucosyl glycopeptides of differentiated F9 cells have
      been analyzed. We found that these high-molecular-weight surface structures
      contain two components with different molecular weights, the largest of which,
      peak I, has never before been reported. The material eluting in this peak seems
      to contain only acidic species. Removal of sialic acid from both the peak I and
      the peak II species does not eliminate the differences in molecular weight,
      indicating that the two species have more profound structural differences than
      can be accounted for by sialic acid. Since peak I glycopeptides were found both
      in differentiated F9 cells and in two parietal endoderm cell lines, we suggest
      that its presence is related to parietal endoderm differentiation.

PMID- 3697376
TI  - Possible mechanisms responsible for the increased ascorbic acid content of
      Plasmodium vinckei-infected mouse erythrocytes.
AB  - The possible mechanisms underlying the acquisition of an increased ascorbic acid
      content by mouse erythrocytes containing the malarial parasite Plasmodium vinckei
      were investigated. Ascorbic acid was taken up readily by parasitized red blood
      cells but not by controls, whilst its partly oxidized form, dehydroascorbic acid,
      entered both. The uptake of both ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid into
      erythrocytes was increased as a result of malarial infection. Lysates prepared
      from parasitized red blood cells reduced exogenous dehydroascorbic acid to
      ascorbic acid at a higher rate than control red blood cell lysates; this
      difference was abolished following dialysis of the lysates, a process which
      removes endogenous reduced glutathione (GSH). The rates of chemical and enzymatic
      reduction of dehydroascorbic acid to ascorbic acid by GSH were of similar
      magnitude, thus calling into question the existence of a specific
      dehydroascorbate reductase in erythrocytes and parasites. These observations
      suggest that the increased uptake of dehydroascorbic acid into parasitized red
      blood cells may be a result of enhanced dehydroascorbate-reducing capacity,
      whilst the presence of the parasite induces a selective increase in the
      permeability of the erythrocyte plasma membrane to ascorbic acid. The endogenous
      ascorbic acid content of livers obtained from infected mice was 55% below the
      normal concentration and its relative rate of destruction during incubation in
      vitro was enhanced in comparison with that of control livers. Furthermore, the
      capacity of liver homogenates to synthesize ascorbic acid from glucuronic acid
      was greatly reduced in infected mice. Therefore it is unlikely that the increase
      in ascorbic acid content of parasitized red blood cells is a consequence of
      increased biosynthesis and release of ascorbic acid by the host liver. We have
      not been able to exclude the possibility that the malarial parasite itself may be
      capable of de novo synthesis of ascorbic acid.

PMID- 3697377
TI  - Purification and characterization of amphiphilic trehalase from rabbit small
      intestine.
AB  - Rabbit intestinal trehalase (alpha,alpha-trehalose glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.28)
      was solubilized with Triton X-100 and purified in the presence of EDTA. The
      purified enzyme was homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the
      presence of Triton X-100 or SDS. It showed amphiphilic properties on gel
      filtration. polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, charge-shift electrophoresis and
      phenyl-Sepharose chromatography. Its molecular weight was estimated to be about
      330 000 by gel filtration under nondenaturing conditions and in the presence of
      Triton X-100, the value being in satisfactory agreement with the sum of the
      weight of one Triton X-100 micelle and twice the molecular weight (105 000) of
      purified hydrophilic trehalase which had been deprived of the anchor segment. The
      two purified trehalases gave almost the same molecular weights (about 75 000) on
      SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These results suggest that intestinal
      trehalase consists of two subunits with a molecular weight of 75 000 and that its
      anchor segment is small (less than 5000). Triton X-100 extracts freshly prepared
      from intestinal microvilli essentially showed one form of trehalase, which
      behaved on phenyl-Sepharose and Con A-Sepharose chromatography in the same manner
      as purified amphiphilic trehalase.

PMID- 3697378
TI  - Role of thyroid on testicular lipids in prepubertal, pubertal and adult rats. I.
      Hyperthyroidism.
AB  - The influence of thyroxine-induced hyperthyroidism on testicular neutral and
      phospholipids was studied in prepubertal, pubertal and adult rats. Thyroxine
      treatment (25 micrograms/100 g body weight) for 1 month decreased testicular
      total lipids, total glyceride glycerols, total cholesterol and total
      phospholipids. Different classes of glyceride glycerol, cholesterol and
      phospholipid were also diminished due to thyroxine treatment. All classes of
      lipids returned to the euthyroid level after the withdrawal of thyroxine
      treatment. The data obtained in the present study suggest that thyroid hormones
      have a definite influence on testicular lipid metabolism in rats.

PMID- 3697379
TI  - Subcellular distribution and selectivity of the protein-binding component of the
      recognition system for sex-hormone-binding protein-estradiol complex in human
      decidual endometrium.
AB  - In order to assess the subcellular distribution of the protein-binding component
      of the recognition system for sex-hormone-binding protein-estradiol complex
      (Strel'chyonok, O.A., Avvakumov, G.V. and Survilo, L.I. (1984) Biochim. Biophys.
      Acta 802, 459-466), plasma membranes and other subcellular fractions were
      prepared from homogenate of human decidual endometrium (8-12 weeks of pregnancy).
      Specific binding of 125I-labeled sex-hormone-binding protein complexed with
      estradiol was found preferentially in the plasma membrane fraction. The protein
      binding component of the recognition system was found to specifically bind sex
      hormone-binding protein complexed with estrogens (estradiol, estriol, estrone,
      with close affinities) but not with androgens (testosterone and 5 alpha
      dihydrotestosterone). Specific membrane binding of 125I-labeled sex-hormone
      binding protein complexed with 17 alpha-pregna-2,4-dien-20-yn-[2,3-d]isoxazol-17
      ol (danazol) was also detected. This allowed us to suggest a putative mechanism
      for the danazol pharmacological action on endometrium which involves the
      interaction of the steroid-protein complex with the plasma membrane of
      endometrial cells. It is proposed that sex-hormone-binding protein takes part in
      the guided transport of steroids into endometrial cells.

PMID- 3697380
TI  - Characterization of protein tyrosine kinase activity in murine Leydig tumor
      cells.
AB  - The activity of protein tyrosine kinase (EC 2.7.1.37) was characterized from
      Leydig tumor cells (M5480A) using the synthetic peptide NH2-Glu-Asp-Ala-Glu-Tyr
      Ala-Ala-Arg-Arg-Arg-Gly-COOH as a substrate. Relatively high tyrosine-specific
      protein kinase activity (about 135 pmol/mg protein per min) was detected in a
      particulate fraction (30 000 X g pellet) and was found to be linear as a function
      of time and protein concentration. The enzymic activity in the particulate
      fraction was stimulated 1.4-fold by 0.02% Nonidet P-40 as judged by 32PO4
      incorporated into the peptide. Phosphorylation of endogenous proteins in M5480A
      particulate fractions with [gamma-32P]ATP resulted in several alkali-resistant
      radiolabeled bands in polyacrylamide gels in the presence of sodium dodecyl
      sulfate. Included in this group was a major radiolabeled doublet with an apparent
      molecular-weight in the range of 50 000-54 000. Phosphoamino acid analysis of
      hydrolysates of these eluted proteins indicated the presence of phosphotyrosine.
      Several alkali-resistant radio-labeled bands, including a major doublet with an
      apparent molecular-weight of 32 000, were also detected after culturing M5480A
      cells in the presence of 32PO4. These studies demonstrate the presence of high
      levels of protein tyrosine kinase activity in Leydig tumor cells and of
      endogenous protein substrates for this enzyme activity.

PMID- 3697381
TI  - The relationship between iron release, ferritin synthesis and intracellular iron
      distribution in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Evidence for a reduced level of
      metabolically available iron in elicited macrophages.
AB  - The rate of iron release from thioglycollate-elicited mouse peritoneal
      macrophages pulsed with 59Fe-labelled transferrin-antitransferrin immune
      complexes was lower than that from resident or Corynebacterium parvum-activated
      macrophages. Anaerobic conditions increased the rate of iron release by
      thioglycollate-elicited macrophages but had no effect on resident or C. parvum
      activated macrophages. Thioglycollate-elicited macrophages also contained less
      ferritin and were deficient in their ability to synthesis ferritin. Incubation of
      these cells in medium containing 100 microM iron caused some increase in ferritin
      synthesis, but the response to iron was much less pronounced than that by
      resident or C. parvum-activated macrophages. In the thioglycollate-elicited
      macrophages, relatively less iron was incorporated into ferritin, and more into
      other soluble macromolecules and insoluble haemosiderin-like compounds than in
      the other types of macrophages. It is proposed that thioglycollate-elicited
      macrophages tend to divert iron to a relatively inert intracellular pool, and
      that this could account for their reduced ability to release iron. Such a
      mechanism might help to explain the reduced release of iron by liver and spleen
      macrophages occurring during inflammation.

PMID- 3697382
TI  - Metabolism and excretion of carnitine and acylcarnitines in the perfused rat
      kidney.
AB  - Rat kidneys were perfused for 30 min with a Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer
      with 5 mM glucose. Albumin proved superior to pluronic polyols as oncotic agent
      with regard to carnitine reabsorption in the perfused kidney. The reabsorption of
      30 microM (-)-[methyl-3 H]carnitine was approx. 96% during the first 10 min. At
      750 microM the reabsorption decreased to 40%. The tubular reabsorptive maximum
      (Tmax) was approx. 170 nmol/min per kidney. The fractional reabsorption and
      clearance of (+)-carnitine, gamma-butyrobetaine, and carnitine esters did not
      deviate significantly from that of (-)-carnitine. (+)-Carnitine was not
      metabolized by the perfused kidney. In perfusions with (-)-carnitine or (-)
      carnitine plus 10 mM alpha-ketoisocaproate or alpha-ketoisovalerate increased
      amounts of acetylcarnitine, isovalerylcarnitine and isobutyrylcarnitine were
      found. Propionate (5 mM) inhibited acetylcarnitine formation.
      Isovalerylcarnitine, isobutyrylcarnitine and propionylcarnitine were actively
      degraded to free (-)-carnitine. In urine, we found a disproportionally high
      excretion of carnitine or carnitine esters formed in the kidney, compared to the
      same derivatives when ultrafiltrated. Leakage of metabolites formed in the kidney
      into preurine may explain this phenomenon.

PMID- 3697384
TI  - Lanthanum increases the rat thymocyte cytoplasmic free calcium concentration by
      enhancing calcium influx.
AB  - In the present study, I have examined the effect of lanthanum (La3+) on
      cytoplasmic free calcium concentration in isolated rat thymocytes employing the
      quin2 technique. As with its effect on 15Ca accumulation in rat thymocytes
      (Segal, J. and Ingbar, S.H. (1984) Endocrinology, 115, 160-166), La3+ produced a
      concentration-related increase in thymocyte cytoplasmic free calcium
      concentration. This effect of La3+ was very prompt in onset, evident within about
      30 s from the time of addition of La3+. The lowest effective concentration of
      La3+ was 6 microM (+22.7% above control), and it increased progressively to reach
      maximal values at 25 microM (+100% above control). La3+ added to quin2-loaded
      thymocytes suspended in a calcium-free medium was without effect. In addition,
      La3+ had no significant effect on 45Ca efflux, and La3+ did not inhibit calcium
      ATPase activity in the rat thymocytes. These results demonstrate that in rat
      thymocytes La3+ increases cytoplasmic free calcium concentration by increasing
      the extracellular calcium influx into the cell rather than the release of calcium
      from an intracellular pool.

PMID- 3697383
TI  - Mucus-glycoproteins (mucins) of the cat trachea: characterisation and control of
      secretion.
AB  - Glycoproteins produced by the tracheae of anaesthetized cats were radiolabelled
      biosynthetically by a pulse administration of Na2 35SO4 and [3H]glucose into the
      tracheal lumen. Subsequently, radiolabelled secretions were washed from the
      tracheal lumen. Repeated doses of pilocarpine and then ammonia vapour were given
      to stimulate secretion. Pilocarpine-stimulated glycoproteins, which came mainly
      from the submucosal glands, were particularly enriched with 35S. Ammonia
      stimulated secretions, which probably came mostly from the microvillous border of
      the surface epithelium, contained mainly 3H radioactivity but little 35S. Two
      negatively-charged glycoproteins of different molecular size were identified in
      the secretions: the larger component was excluded on Sepharose CL-4B and it had a
      higher 3H 35S ratio than the smaller component which was retarded on Sepharose CL
      4B. The relative amount of the smaller component decreased progressively with
      repeated pilocarpine stimulation and it was not detected in secretions induced by
      ammonia. Pilocarpine stimulation caused little alteration in carbohydrate
      composition of the secreted glycoproteins. In response to ammonia, glycoproteins
      were secreted with a high sialic acid content but quantitatively they represented
      a small amount of material compared with that induced by pilocarpine. These
      findings suggest that tracheal glycoproteins from different epithelial-cell
      sources have distinctive chemical compositions and that their secretions may be
      independently regulated. The 35S-rich high-molecular-weight glycoproteins from
      the submucosal glands were of the mucin-type but those derived from the
      microvillus border may represent a different class of airway glycoproteins from
      typical epithelial mucins.

PMID- 3697385
TI  - Ascorbic acid stimulates collagen production without altering intracellular
      degradation in cultured human skin fibroblasts.
AB  - The influence of ascorbic acid on intracellular degradation of collagen
      synthesized by cultured human-skin fibroblasts was examined. In confluent cells
      maintained in 0.5% serum-supplemented medium, ascorbic acid had no significant
      effect on collagen degradation measured with hydroxyproline as the marker.
      Similar results were obtained when collagen degradation was measured with the
      marker hydroxylysine, the cellular synthesis of which is independent of ascorbic
      acid. The stimulatory effects of ascorbic acid on collagen production therefore
      cannot be explained by a change in the rate of degradation. Ascorbic acid acts at
      some as yet undetermined level to increase the rate of collagen synthesis.

PMID- 3697386
TI  - [Characteristics of thermal inactivation of lysozyme in solution].
AB  - In the buffer solution (pH 6,2) at 20-80 degrees, the lysozyme thermoinactivation
      was studied by monitoring of its activity decrease in the lysis of M.
      lysodeicticus cells. Protein inactivation was characterized by effective
      pseudofirst order rate constants which depend on enzyme concentration and are
      described by equation k = k0 . exp [-alpha 0 (1-gamma/T) [E]0], where k0 is
      inactivation rate constant at "infinite" enzyme dilution, [E0] is an initial
      lysozyme concentration, alpha 0 and gamma are the coefficients independent on
      [E0]. By extrapolation of the "k" dependencies on [E]0 the constants k0 were
      determined. In the range 40-70 degrees C, the rate constant k0 is equal 4,0 X
      10(11) . exp (-24 200/RT) sec-1.

PMID- 3697387
TI  - [Luminescence characteristics of mitochondrial actin-like protein].
AB  - Investigations comparing tryptophan fluorescence of mitochondrial actin-like
      protein with that of skeletal and smooth muscle actins have shown that the
      mitochondrial protein is characterized by a fluorescence spectrum peak at a
      longer wavelength (337 nm), by a certain broadening of this peak (56 nm) and by a
      reduction in the lifespan of the excited state of tryptophanyls (2.7 ns). The
      data obtained suggest the existence of peculiarities in the structure of
      mitochondrial actin-like protein.

PMID- 3697388
TI  - [The effect of the intracellular level of free iron on cell proliferation in
      culture].
AB  - Dependence of changes in the intracellular free iron content upon cellular
      proliferation has been studied on mammalian cells in vitro. It has been
      established that picolic acid (PA)--a natural metal chelating agent of variable
      valency--inhibits the proliferation of cultivated pig embryo kidney cells (SPEV).
      Simultaneously the free iron quantity was decreased 2-fold as compared with the
      norm. PA block was removed by substituting PA-containing cultivated media for the
      PA-free one. It was accompanied by complete recovery of the free iron quantity in
      the cells. The regulation of cell proliferation is likely to correlate with the
      intracellular free iron content.

PMID- 3697389
TI  - [Wave-like spontaneous contractions of isolated cardiomyocytes].
AB  - Spontaneous wave-like contractions in single isolated rat cardiomyocytes are
      investigated by means of microcinematography and frame-by-frame analysis. Some
      basic wave patterns are described, as well as the effects of both solution
      components and preceding electrical stimulation. The typical wave velocity is
      found to be about 160 micron/s. Possible interrelation between the wave frequency
      and propagation velocity is discussed.

PMID- 3697390
TI  - [A matrix of connections of mossy fibers with glandular cells in the cerebellum].
AB  - An analytical formulation of known structural data and succeeding calculation are
      used to show that non-zero elements of the mossy-granule connection matrix are
      located near the main matrix diagonal. The width of this "non-zero" matrix strip
      is 10 fibres and 1000 cells in mossy and granula coordinates respectively.
      Depending on this result estimates of mossy-granula mapping informational
      properties are presented.

PMID- 3697391
TI  - [Validity of "lump approximation" for the description of overall brain electrical
      activity using an simulation model].
AB  - Brain rhythmic activity model on the basis of space uniform neuronal network
      consisting of excitatory and inhibitory elements was examined. Network activity
      description by "lump approximation" was compared with simulation model
      computation. Lump approximation parameters dependence on the properties of
      neurons and synapses as well as conditions of the transition between network
      activity types which imitate desynchronous (low voltage fast activity) and
      synchronous (high voltage slow waves) brain activities were obtained.

PMID- 3697393
TI  - [Variation approach to the problem of isoenergetic regulation of movement].
AB  - It was shown theoretically that trajectories of movements might be invariant to
      energy expenditure of the organism. In this instance control parameters are
      changed discontinuously, and force actions of muscles are characterized by
      potentials. The analysis of well-known experimental data, as well as special
      investigations of human walking and forearm rhythmic movements confirmed that the
      activity of the muscle and nervous systems was adapted to the isoenergetic
      control.

PMID- 3697392
TI  - [A model of the regulation of involuntary movements of the eye].
AB  - Within the scope of the concepts on the look control mechanism, i. e. the system
      of interrelated control of head and eye movements a mathematical model is
      considered which described the control system over eye involuntary movements with
      quadratic criterion of its work quality. Assuming the optimal character of the
      control system under study and taking into account the experimental data on the
      eye movements parameters the relationship between the parameters of the criterion
      introduced and retinotopic relation of a locus of lateral geniculate is
      estimated.

PMID- 3697394
TI  - [Interaction of spiral and flat periodic autowaves in an active medium].
AB  - Interaction between the rotating wave and a periodic external source in the model
      of Fitz Hugh--Nagumo type was computed. When the periods of the external source
      are longer than the rotation period of the spiral wave (T greater than Ts) the
      external source does not affect the spiral wave. At T less than Ts autowave
      synchronization effects are observed. The oscillation period predetermined by the
      external source is set in all the points of the medium except the neighbourhood
      of the spiral wave. The dislocation (wavebreak) persists in the medium drifting
      slowly at the angle to the wave vector of the flat waves. After the external
      source is eliminated, the spiral wave with the original period restores from this
      dislocation. When the dislocation reaches the interface, it disappears. In this
      case after the switching off of the external source the resting state is
      established. A theory of the drift is proposed which connects the drift velocity
      with the nucleus size and the rotation period of spiral wave.

PMID- 3697395
TI  - [Analysis of displacement currents in lipid bilayer membranes].
AB  - The time course of a charge transfer through solvent-containing lipid bilayer
      membranes was measured in the range of 5 microseconds and 100 s. It is shown that
      a displacement charge value is proportional to the area of a torus surrounding
      the lipid bilayer membrane, but not to the black membrane area.

PMID- 3697396
TI  - [Relation between the capacitance and electric conductivity of cholesterol
      bilayer membranes].
AB  - Measuring of capacitance and electroconductance of cholesterol bilayers was
      carried out simultaneously at difference concentration of detergents in
      electrolyte. A correlation between magnitudes of conductance and capacitance was
      shown. The most stable bilayers have minimal conductance and maximal capacitance.
      The stable bilayers are supposed to be formed from equimolecular complexes
      cholesterol/detergents. The existence of structural reorganization in bilayers
      brings about a decrease of capacitance and increase of electro-conductance.

PMID- 3697397
TI  - [Evaluation of the amplitude of changes in the distance between membranes in
      contact exposed to an external voltage].
AB  - A quantitative evaluation of the amplitude of changes in the distance between two
      membranes due to changes in transmembrane voltage has been theoretically
      performed. The results are in good agreement with the data of bilayer lipid
      membrane experiments.

PMID- 3697398
TI  - [Angle diagrams of light scattering in the suspension of isolated myofibrils in
      native, contracted and relaxed states].
AB  - An angle diagram of light scattering of myofibril suspensions was extremely
      asymmetric in the range of 0.05 to 10 degrees. The extent of asymmetry increased
      at relaxation and sharply decreased at contraction of myofibrils. Angle diagrams
      for myofibril light scattering calculated according to the approximate formulae
      of Mie theory, were close to those obtained in the experiment. It was shown that
      a high extent of asymmetry of calculated diagrams is determined by a low
      refractive index of myofibrils rather than by great dimensions of myofibrils. It
      is supposed that changes in the shape of scattering diagram and in other optical
      characteristics of myofibril and actomyosin suspensions associated with changes
      in their functional states depend mostly upon changes in the inner arrangement of
      particles rather than in their dimensions.

PMID- 3697399
TI  - [Hydration--a parameter responding to the functional changes in membranes].
AB  - The paper presents the possibilities of the UHF-dielectrometry method in
      investigation of molecular mechanisms of membrane functioning.

PMID- 3697400
TI  - [Changes in the electrical characteristics of bilayer lipid membranes during
      adsorption of heparin in the presence of Ca2+].
AB  - It was shown that a change in conductance and capacitance of BLM can be explained
      by Ca++ BLM--heparin complex organization.

PMID- 3697401
TI  - Phase plane modeling of leg motion.
AB  - Phase plane analysis of dynamical systems, in which variables are plotted against
      their time derivatives, has been recently emphasized as a general method for
      reconstructing system dynamics from data. The purpose of this experiment was to
      develop a model of leg movement in a stepping task using the phase plane
      approach. In this model, the leg is represented as a three-body linkage and the
      motion of the leg is assumed to be planar with four degrees of freedom.
      Experimental data was collected on one subject stepping six times, using a two
      dimensional videomotion analysis system with reflective markers placed on the
      lower limb joints. A computer program able to solve the equations of motion and
      compute the state of the system for a given task was implemented. This computer
      program was written to generate the motion of the leg for a given task using
      inverse kinematics and a preplanned foot path. Foot trajectories with cycloidal,
      constant acceleration/deceleration and sinusoidal velocity profiles were studied.
      From the results, an attempt was made to identify the variables which are
      measured and to determine the motion characteristics during stepping. The
      preliminary results support the concept of a hierarchical control structure with
      open-loop control during normal operation. During routine activity there is no
      direct intervention of the Central Nervous System (CNS). The results support the
      existence of preprogramming and provide a starting point for the study of the
      development of control in multiarticulate movements.

PMID- 3697402
TI  - Motor unit action potential field--modelling results.
AB  - The theoretical field of a motor unit (MU) action potential (MUP) was considered.
      It has been proved that in normal muscles the shape of a smooth threephasic MUP
      curve is determined mostly by the spatial distribution of MU muscle fibres.
      Phenomena called "time dispersion" are of prime importance in pathology, where
      they complicate normal threephasic MUP. Amplitudes and time parameters of model
      threephasic MUP were analyzed as a function of the radial distance R from the
      geometrical centre of the motor unit territory (MUT) and approximated by
      mathematical expressions. It appeared that analysis of radial variability of MUP
      curve allows conclusions to be made about the MUT size and the spatial
      distribution of MU muscle fibres. These anatomical features of a MU are often
      changed in pathological muscles, thus the proposed methods of their evaluation
      could be helpful in diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases.

PMID- 3697403
TI  - A new model of the acoustic reflex.
AB  - A system-type model of the acoustic reflex in man is proposed with the intention
      of sheding light on certain of its nonlinear behaviors. This model is the first
      to incorporate into the multipath structure of the reflex arc the adaptation and
      recovery processes. Parameter distribution in the parallel pathways is based on
      the current knowledge on the stapedius muscle and on motoneuron pool
      organization. A piecewise linear system is used in modeling adaptation at onset
      and recovery at offset. The model is calibrated at 2000 Hz, a frequency for which
      all the important parameters are available. Two nonlinear behaviors of the
      adaptation rate are explained: the frequency and intensity dependence, related
      respectively to the frequency dependence of the feedback gain and to the
      sigmoidal shape of the closed-loop stimulus-response curve. Underlying
      physiological mechanisms are discussed, along with other plausible nonlinear
      models, and extensions of the model to other stimuli are suggested.

PMID- 3697405
TI  - Adjustment errors of feedback guided human forearm movements elicited by random
      position signal sequences.
AB  - The effects of visual and auditory relevant feedback on human forearm movements
      elicited by random position signal sequences were examined. We observed the
      adjustment error sequences when the arm moved briskly and accurately to the
      target position. As the results, the mean adjustment errors for each speed (clock
      interval) of random position signal sequence are different in the left-right
      target positions, and also different in the flexion-extension movements. In
      faster speed (1 s), the adjustment errors are approximately flat as compared with
      those in other speeds, on the other hand, in moderate speed (2 s) or slower speed
      (3 s), these indicate a upward tendency from left to right positions, and also
      indicate a upward tendency from flexion to extension movements. However, in the
      reaction times, the moving times, and the adjusting times, there are no
      significant differences for the left-right target positions and for the flexion
      extension movements.

PMID- 3697404
TI  - Dynamics of chromatic adaptation in cones of freshwater turtle.
AB  - The closer the wavelength of a steady background of monochromatic light is to the
      peak sensitivity of a cone that is being illuminated, the stronger is the
      desensitization of that cone; this is chromatic adaptation. A model of the
      freshwater turtle retina with the neural components of chromatic adaptation via
      negative feedback circuits is used to simulate and study various aspects of
      chromatic adaptation. An internal negative feedback circuit resides solely within
      the cone pedicle and thereby, its adaptive effects are relatively specific, so
      that univariance is maintained. The cone-L-horizontal cell circuit is an external
      negative feedback circuit and its adaptive effects are less specific since all 3
      chromatic cone types are involved, so that univariance is violated. Chromatic
      adaptation is the result of the decrease in the cone gain due to the dependency
      of the gains of the negative feedback circuits on the mean illuminance level. The
      results of the model are consistent with von Kries law, but the changes in gains
      of the cones due to chromatic adaptation are dependent on wavelength, intensity
      of the adapting light and size.

PMID- 3697406
TI  - Extracellular potentials of single active muscle fibres: effects of finite fibre
      length.
AB  - The extracellular action potentials (ECAPs) of single active muscle fibres
      immersed an isotropic volume conductor were investigated. The origination of
      excitation in the motor end-plate and its reaching the fibre end were taken into
      consideration. It was explained why at short radial distances the ECAPs over the
      fibre at points close to the end were similar in shape to the first time
      derivative and at points close to the motor end-plate - to the first time
      derivative of the intracellular action potential (ICAP) taken with minus sign.
      The fibre end changed the ECAP which would be recorded if the fibre was infinite
      and this change called pure termination potential (PTP) was a biphase positive
      negative potential, proportional to the first time derivative of the ICAP at
      points close to the membrane and over the very end. With increasing the radial
      and axial distances PTP decreases in amplitude. Taking into account the PTP, the
      genesis of the terminal positive phase of the ECAPs (Gydikov and Kosarov 1972a,
      b) can be explained. The onset of the fibre or the motor end-plate also changed
      the potential which would be recorded if the fibre was infinite. This change was
      given the term of pure onset potential (POP) - a biphase negative-positive
      potential, proportional to the first time derivative of the ICAP taken with minus
      sign at a point close to the membrane and over the motor end-plate. With
      increasing the radial and the axial distance POP decreased in amplitude. Close to
      the membrane PTP and POP were commensurable with the potential of an infinite
      fibre only at points close to the ends or to the motor end-plate. At long radial
      distances they were commensurable with the potential of an infinite fibre for all
      axial distances.

PMID- 3697407
TI  - Optimized movement trajectories and joint stiffness in unperturbed, inertially
      loaded movements.
AB  - An attempt is made to integrate theoretically the mechanical, electromyographic,
      and psychophysical lines of inquiry into the control of movement by investigating
      the significance of joint stiffness in the reduction of effort. Attention is
      focused on single-joint, unperturbed movements of specified duration performed
      from one specified position to another in the presence of an inertial load. A
      theoretical measure of the sense of effort is formulated in the light of
      psychophysical observations and mechanical considerations. This measure is such
      that it is increased by reciprocal changes in the central drives to opposing sets
      of muscles, as well as by enhancement of joint stiffness. Mathematical analysis
      of the interplay of these factors reveals that, in any given condition, the
      minimization of this measure of effort necessitates a particular value of joint
      stiffness and a particular trajectory of movement. The predicted stiffness and
      trajectory are shown to be in quantitative agreement with available observations.
      In addition, the conditions in which a higher value of stiffness is predicted to
      be advantageous for reducing the effort are shown to be the conditions that are
      known to promote greater coactivation of the agonist and antagonist muscles. It
      is concluded that the seemingly wasteful coactivation may serve to optimize the
      stiffness. The stiffness, therefore, need not be viewed simply as a means of
      resisting imposed perturbations, but as a means of reducing the alterations in
      the central drives necessary for the performance of movement, thereby reducing
      the effort.

PMID- 3697408
TI  - Dynamic shape.
AB  - Many useful notions of partial order and/or similarity and relatedness of
      different geometrical features of smooth shapes that occur in psychologically
      valid descriptions of shape have no equivalents in the usual geometrical shape
      theories. This is especially true where similarities are noted between objects of
      different connectivity: in almost all of the present theories the topological
      type generates the primary categorization. It is argued that such relations find
      a logical place only in shape theories that involve morphogenesis. Any object can
      be embedded uniquely in a morphogenetic sequence if one takes resolution as the
      parameter of the sequence. A theory of measurement is presented that allows one
      to define surfaces and (boundary-) curves on multiple levels of resolution. The
      embedding is essentially unique and is generated via a partial differential
      equation that governs the evolution. A canonical projection connects any high
      resolution specimen to lower resolution versions. The bifurcation set of the
      projection generates natural part boundaries. Singularities of the evolution are
      completely characterized as emergence, accretion and versification processes
      (involving topological change) and singularities by which inflections (inflection
      points for curves, parabolic curves for surfaces) are generated. The latter
      singularities involve a single process for the generation of inflections and
      three other processes by which the existing inflection structure may be changed.
      Relations with existing theories in vogue in robotics and AI, as well as in
      psychophysics are discussed.

PMID- 3697409
TI  - A self-similar stack model for human and machine vision.
AB  - A new model is proposed that not only exhibits the major properties of primate
      spatial vision but also has a structure that can be implemented efficiently in a
      machine vision system. The model is based on a self-similar stack structure with
      a spatial resolution that varies with eccentricity. It correctly reproduces the
      visual cortical mapping function, yet it has the important attribute that it can
      produce invariant responses to local changes in the size and position of image
      features. By proposing a novel purpose for cortical "bar-detectors", the model
      can also produce invariance to more general distortions. The structure of the
      model allows efficient hierarchical search to be made and it naturally embraces
      the concept of "attention area". Exploitation of this model has already confirmed
      these properties and has also revealed its robust ability to control the focus
      and gain of machine vision systems.

PMID- 3697410
TI  - A stochastic model of retinotopy: a self organizing process.
AB  - Following Kohonen and using the Hebb principle, we define a self organizing
      stochastic process, which is a simple modelization of the retinotopy, i.e. the
      establishment of well-ordered connexions between the retina and the cortex. We
      give some mathematical results about convergence of this process. These results
      are illustrated by computer simulations.

PMID- 3697411
TI  - [Identification of various hydrophobic zones in microsomal membranes containing
      cytochrome P-450 binding sites for type I and II substrates].
AB  - Two different phospholipid hydrophobic zones in the membrane associated with
      cytochrome P-450 were identified. One of them exhibits selective sensitivity
      towards the protonated influence of carbonylcyanide-m-chlorophenyl hydrazone and
      possesses binding sites for type I substrates. The second one includes the heme
      group of cytochrome P-450 and herein the binding sites for type II substrates.
      Sodium deoxycholate (0.75-2.0 mM) disrupts both zones. Subsequent incorporation
      of fluorine atoms into a type II substrate (aniline) results in the increase in
      the hydrophobicity of aniline halogenated derivatives and in changes in the
      substrate-binding sites for tetra- and pentafluoroanilines from the heme-iron
      sphere to the apoenzyme of cytochrome P-450.

PMID- 3697412
TI  - [Effect of retinol deficiency on the activity and solubility of various enzymes
      of the endoplasmic reticulum membranes in the rat liver].
AB  - Solubilization by sodium deoxycholate and trypsin of some metabolic enzymes of
      unrelated compounds associated with endoplasmic reticulum membranes was carried
      out. The effects of urea, butanol and detergents on the retinol content in the
      membranes were studied. It was shown that retinol deficiency causes changes in
      the interactions of NADH-arylesterase with microsomal membrane components that
      are manifested in the decrease of the activating effect of butanol and low
      detergent concentrations on the NADH-reductase activity as well as in the
      increase in the damaging effect of urea and high detergent concentrations on the
      enzyme activity. Under conditions of retinol deficiency, the degree of
      solubilization of NADH-reductase, hydroxylase and arylesterase in the presence of
      sodium deoxycholate is enhanced. After treatment of liver microsomes of retinol
      deficient animals with trypsin or with a trypsin-sodium cholate mixture, the
      content of these enzymes in the supernatant becomes much greater than that in
      liver microsomes of vitamin A-deficient rats. It is assumed that retinol
      deficiency causes of weakening of hydrophobic interactions within the membrane as
      well as partial translocation of the enzymes from the hydrophobic to the
      hydrophilic layer.

PMID- 3697413
TI  - [Inhibition of lactate and malate dehydrogenase by dyes containing vinylsulfone
      and chlorotriazine groups].
AB  - The difference spectra of lactate and malate dehydrogenase complexes with four
      native dyes containing vinylsulfonic and triazinic groups (light-resistant yellow
      2KT, red-violet 2KT, etc.) were monitored in 0.1 M phosphate buffer pH 8.2 at 20
      degrees C. The dissociation constants were calculated from the spectral data. The
      most stable complexes were lactate dehydrogenase--light-resistant yellow 2KT and
      malate dehydrogenase--light-resistant yellow 2KT ones. The values of delta H
      degree = 5.75 kcal/mole and standard thermodynamic parameters, delta G degree = 
      6.5 kcal/mole and delta S degree = 41.2 e. u., were calculated from the values of
      association constants for temperature dependence. The thermodynamic
      characteristics confirmed the key role of hydrophobic interactions in lactate
      dehydrogenase--reactive dye complex formation. All the dyes under study
      competitively inhibit lactate and malate oxidation by the corresponding
      dehydrogenases. The inhibition constants of both enzymes by the four dyes were
      determined at 20 degrees C in 0.1 M phosphate buffer pH 8.2. Light-resistant
      yellow 2KT appeared to be the most effective inhibitor of the enzymes.

PMID- 3697414
TI  - [pH-dependent changes in the tryptophan and porphyrin fluorescence of the
      apomyoglobin complex with protoporphyrin IX and methemoglobin].
AB  - The fluorescence of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) complexed with sperm whale
      apomyoglobin as well as the tryptophan fluorescence of this complex and of
      metmyoglobin within the pH range of 3.5-13 was studied. It was shown that an
      increase in pH from 5.3 to 10.8 does not influence the fluorescence of PPIX in
      the complex and causes no essential changes in the fluorescence of Trp residues,
      which occur at more acidic and, correspondingly, alkaline pH values
      simultaneously with the protein denaturation. This is accompanied by a sharp
      increase in the quantum yield of tryptophan fluorescence due to dissociation of
      PPIX from the complex. Similar changes are observed in metMb at pH less than 4.3
      and greater than 12 which is concomitant with absorption changes in the Soret
      band, thus indicating a higher stability of metMb towards the acid and alkaline
      denaturation as compared to the complex. In both cases, a slight alteration in
      the shape of the tryptophan fluorescence spectrum is observed, which precedes
      alkaline denaturation of the Mb molecule and is probably due to changes in the
      conformation of the N-terminal region caused by the break of the salt bridges
      stabilizing the native structure of the protein.

PMID- 3697415
TI  - [Electron transport of metabolites through the internal membrane of rat liver
      mitochondria induced by increase in pH and cytoplasmic glycopeptide].

PMID- 3697416
TI  - [Specificity of interaction of hexokinase isozyme II with mitochondrial
      membranes].
AB  - Study on the mechanism of hexokinase isozyme II adsorption on mitochondrial
      membranes in the presence of 10 mM MgCl2 demonstrated that 0.16% of the total
      proteins of the soluble fraction and the total hexokinase pool are capable of
      reversible binding to the membrane. The plot for the dependence of the degree of
      enzyme adsorption on Mg2+ concentration is hyperbolic. Under these conditions,
      hexokinase competes favourably for the binding sites with lactate dehydrogenase
      and creatine kinase. Analysis of the adsorption capacity of natural and
      artificial phospholipid membranes showed that hexokinase isozyme II is adsorbed
      in much the same way on inner and outer mitochondrial membranes as well as on a
      mixture of membranes obtained from various sources and on lecithin liposomes. The
      adsorption properties of hexokinase isozyme II and of its functional analog-
      isozyme I--point to marked differences in the mechanism of their interaction with
      the membrane. In contrast with isozyme I, isozyme II of hexokinase undergoes
      kinetic alterations. Besides, it was found that mild autolysis of isozyme II is
      accompanied by a loss of the enzyme ability to bind to mitochondrial membranes.
      The data obtained suggest that the specificity of hexokinase isozyme II
      adsorption depends on the structural peculiarities of the protein but not on
      those of the mitochondrial membrane.

PMID- 3697417
TI  - [The role of enzymes of xenobiotic metabolism in the resistance of insects to
      insecticides].
AB  - The activity of three enzymatic systems of xenobiotic metabolism (cytochrome P
      450-dependent monooxygenases, non-specific esterases and glutathione S
      transferases) was studied in sensitive (S) and resistant to tetrametrin (Rtetr.),
      permetrin (Rperm.), mecarbenyl (Rmec.) and chlorophos (Rchlor.) strains of the
      housefly M. domestica L. In Rtetr. and Rmec., the activity of microsomal
      monooxygenases was increased 2.7- and 2.3-fold, respectively, as compared to S.
      The position of maxima of CO-difference spectra of cytochrome P-450 in all
      resistant strains (with the exception of Rchlor.) were shifted towards the short
      wave region by 1-2 nm. The activity of glutathione S-transferase in Rtetr. was
      increased as compared to S. Analysis of the total esterase activity and
      electrophoresis in starch gel revealed quantitative and qualitative differences
      between the strains under study. In all resistant strains, except for Rmec.,
      additional bands corresponding to the esterase activity were observed. The
      experimental results are discussed in terms of resistance of insects to
      insecticides.

PMID- 3697418
TI  - [Enzyme systems of insecticide detoxication in the Colorado beetle].
AB  - The activity of three enzymatic systems of xenobiotic metabolism (cytochrome P
      450-dependent monooxygenases, non-specific esterases and glutathione S
      transferases) was studied at different stages of development of the Colorado
      potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata). Significant sex and ontogenetic
      differences in the content of cytochrome P-450, position of maxima of CO
      difference spectra of the cytochrome P-450 reduced form and substrate specificity
      of cytochrome P-450 were revealed. The activity of non-specific esterases was
      shown to increase depending on the age of larvae. The insecticide 1-naphtholenol
      methylcarbamate which is metabolized by the system of cytochrome P-450-dependent
      monooxygenases is more toxic in the larvae than at the imago stage, which is
      correlated with the activity of this system at different stages of ontogenesis.
      The microsomal monooxygenase inhibitor, piperonylbutoxide, increases the
      insecticide toxicity in the Colorado beetle imago more than 2-fold. The
      experimental results testify to different contribution of the detoxication
      systems to the sensitivity of the Colorado beetle to insecticides at various
      metamorphosis stages.

PMID- 3697419
TI  - [Effect of monovalent cations on the ratio of RNA transcripts from DNA with
      different repetitive sequences in leukemia P-388 cells].
AB  - Using leukemic P-388 cells, it was demonstrated that alterations of the
      intracellular Na+/K+ ratio results in qualitative changes of newly synthesized
      mRNA, which manifests itself as changes in the kinetics of hybridization of
      heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) with DNA. The decrease of the Na+/K+ value from
      3.8:1 to 1:1 leads to inhibition of mRNA synthesis in mRNA cells hybridized at
      10(3) greater than Dot greater than 10(4), but weakly affects the transcription
      of mRNA sequences hybridized with DNA within the Dot interval of 10(3.4)-10(3.8).
      A similar phenomenon is observed during hybridization of hnRNA with homogeneous
      fractions of unique and averagely repeating sequences of DNA. The hybridization
      rate constants of hnRNA synthesized by cells at different values of Na+/K+ and
      the limit values of hybridization (H infinity) were calculated. It was shown that
      the rate constants for RNA hybridization with DNA decrease by more than two
      orders of magnitude during the transition of the averagely repeating DNA fraction
      to the unique one; however, in both cases these constants give equal values for
      the RNA synthesized by cells at different cationic balance. The H infinity values
      for the RNA synthesized by cells at higher Na+ ratio appeared to be 1.5-2.0 times
      as high as compared with those for the RNA in the cells, in which the Na+/K+
      ratio was 1:1. Thus, the monovalent cation ratio seems to exert a strong
      influence on the expression of sequences of different repeatedness in the genome
      and to play a role in the regulation of proliferative activity of the cell.

PMID- 3697420
TI  - [Mechanism of the stabilization of synaptosomes with alpha-tocopherol during
      activation of lipid peroxidation].
AB  - Using the fluorescent probe technique, it was shown that activation of lipid
      peroxidation decreases the value of transmembrane potential of rat brain
      synaptosomes. Depolarization of synaptosomes may be due to the impairment of the
      "barrier" properties of synaptosomal membranes and the decrease in Na,K-ATPase
      activity. alpha-Tocopherol and its model derivative devoid of the phytol chain-
      2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-6-oxychromanol--stabilize the transmembrane potential value
      during inhibition of lipid peroxidation. alpha-Tocopherol acetate causes no
      stabilizing or inhibiting effects. Unlike 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-6-oxychromanol,
      alpha-tocopherol exerts a structuralizing action which manifests itself in the
      stabilization of the synaptosomal membrane potential during incomplete inhibition
      of lipid peroxidation. The previously established ability of alpha-tocopherol to
      protect synaptosomes from the damaging action of phospholipases and the
      experimental results of this work permit to regard vitamin E as a universal
      stabilizer of brain synaptosomal membranes.

PMID- 3697421
TI  - [Non-equivalency of SH groups essential for the activity of mitochondrial
      creatine kinase].
AB  - The properties of SH-groups of mitochondrial creatine kinase existing in solution
      as a hexamer with Mr of (240 +/- 12) X 10(3) Da, were investigated. The number
      and reactivity of SH-groups by specific modifiers--[5.5'-dithiobis-(2
      nitrobenzoic acid), DTNB; 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxo-1.3-diazol, NBD-Cl; 2.2'
      dithiopyridine, DTP] were determined. It was found that each subunit of the
      enzyme hexameric molecule contains two modified SH-groups, only one of which is
      protected against modification by Mg-ADP, Mg-ATP as well as during the formation
      of the transition state analog (TSA)--E-Mg X ADP-NO3-creatine--and is essential
      for the enzyme activity. These six essential SH-groups within the hexameric
      molecule of mitochondrial creatine kinase may be classified into two groups
      according to the rate of their interaction with DTNB, NBD-Cl and DTP. The rate
      constants of modification of three fast and three slow essential SH-groups differ
      4-10 times. The kinetics of enzyme inactivation by iodoacetamide (IAA) is
      biphasic; each phase is characterized by a 50% loss of activity. The inactivation
      constants differ 30 times; both phases being protected by TSA; consequently, the
      inactivation is caused by the binding of IAA to the essential SH-groups. The
      unequal reactivity of essential SH-groups seems to be preexisting. Using a
      computer analysis, the dependence of the amount of residual activity on the
      number of modified SH-groups by NBD-Cl and DTNB was studied. The interaction of
      NBD-Cl and DTNB with the most reactive essential SH-groups in half of the
      subunits results in the inactivation of these subunits as well as in partial or
      complete inactivation of the other half of the non-modified subunits. The degree
      of inactivation of the latter 50% of subunits strongly depends on the nature of
      the modifier. The inactivating effect of the bound modifier is translated from
      one subunit to another in one direction. The experimental results point to
      asymmetrical association of mitochondrial creatine kinase subunits.

PMID- 3697422
TI  - [Heat-shock proteins in the nuclear matrix of Chinese hamster fibroblasts].
AB  - Heating of Chinese hamster fibroblasts (46 degrees C, 10 min) results in sharp
      inhibition of protein biosynthesis in the homogenate, nuclei and, in a lesser
      degree, in the nuclear matrix. The ratio of specific radioactivity of nuclear
      matrix 35S-proteins to the homogenate radioactivity taken for 100% increases
      after the heat shock 2,5-fold. Thus, protein biosynthesis in the nuclear matrix
      is more stable to the damaging action of heat shock than that in the homogenate
      and nuclei. The nuclear matrix was shown to contain heat shock proteins with Mr
      of 82-84, 70 and 26 kD, the 70 kD polypeptide being predominant. This polypeptide
      revealed in 4 hours is intensively accumulated at the 6th hour and remains
      unchanged by the 17-24th hours after cell heating. The 70 kD heat shock
      polypeptide can be separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis into two
      subfractions differing in terms of pI from other proteins revealed within this
      time interval in the unheated cells.

PMID- 3697423
TI  - [Isolation and study of the properties of a protein factor activating
      proliferative processes in nerve tissue].
AB  - The method of isolation and some properties of the neutral protein activator of
      proliferation processes are described. The protein obtained is characterized by
      high lability and easily destroys treated with proteolytic enzymes and stored
      under any conditions. It loses the greater part of activity. Peptides formed
      differ in their properties from the proliferation peptide activators studied
      earlier and are not able to stimulate the proliferation processes in the brain
      tissue cells.

PMID- 3697424
TI  - [Inherent behavioral activity of rats administered different fractions of brain
      specific S-100 proteins].
AB  - The intraventricular injection of brain specific S-100 proteins leads to the
      prolonged heterochronous changes of the inherent rat behaviour forms during the
      period of water and food needs restitution. The effects of various doses of S-100
      proteins fractions on the behavioural activity differs in the degree of
      expression and in time of their onset. The specific influence of some S-100
      proteins fractions on duration of the different inherent forms of rat behaviour
      can be explained by plurality of molecular mechanisms of their effects.

PMID- 3697425
TI  - [Dependence of the blood plasma activity of the diabetogenic factor in animals on
      the functional depression of the anticoagulating system induced by an atherogenic
      diet].
AB  - It has been found that in blood plasma of rats keeping on an atherogenic diet for
      a long time the diabetogenic factor activity appears. The direct dependence
      between the level of the diabetogenic factor activity and the degree of the
      anticoagulating system depression caused by long keeping of the animals on the
      atherogenic diet has been revealed.

PMID- 3697426
TI  - [Characteristics of the structural organization of the phylogenetically new
      fields in the human neocortex].
AB  - The myeloarchitectonics of the specific human fields 40, 39, 37c, 37b of
      neocortex and also fields 17 and 19 which are the cortex end of visual analyzer
      has been studied with the help of neurohistological and quantitative methods.
      According to the character of the fibrous bundles, their diameter, the quantity
      of the fibrous in them and the diameter of the fibrous gradual changes from field
      17 to field 19 and further to field 39 have been shown. It is an evidence of the
      succession between phylogenetically older and younger fields of the cortex. The
      peculiarities of the field quantitative myeloarchitectonics differing in the
      function and genesis are marked by heterochronous growth of these fields square
      in the process of evolution.

PMID- 3697427
TI  - [Effect of stress-inducing factors on monkey behavior. II. Hormonal indices and
      their relation to behavior in the modelling of emotional stress in hamadryas
      baboons].
AB  - The behavioural and hormonal indexes of adult males Papio hamadryas have been
      examined under condition of immobilized stress. The intercommunication between
      the hormonal status of the individual and its position in the hierarchical
      structure of the group is marked. The leader of the group possesses the mostly
      constant hormonal content during the different periods of the stress. The equal
      speed of reconstruction of hormonal concentration and behavioural indexes has
      been found. The different types of correlation between the level of adrenaline,
      cortisol and testosterone secretion and the frequency of aggressive behaviour
      have been observed.

PMID- 3697428
TI  - Thrombopoietic activity in newborn infants.
AB  - Platelet count and thrombopoietic activity were investigated in newborns and in
      infants during their first 4 months of life. Four-day-old newborns, although not
      thrombocytopenic, showed a significantly reduced platelet count as compared to
      that of control adults. Furthermore, a significantly lower thrombopoietic
      activity was found in the sera of newborns compared to that in the sera of
      adults. In addition, the thrombopoiesis-stimulating factor (TSF) activity in cord
      serum was significantly lower than that in the mothers' sera. Since 7 of 37
      newborns examined in the present study showed a very low TSF activity, lower than
      that found in the saline controls, the possibility that an inhibitor for
      thrombopoiesis exists in the newborns is suggested and discussed. The follow-up
      study revealed a low TSF activity in the sera of 1-month-old infants followed by
      a gradually increased activity, reaching in the 4th month levels similar to those
      of adults. Concomitantly with the rise in TSF activity in the serum, an increased
      platelet count was observed.

PMID- 3697429
TI  - Development of the epidermis in the newborn.
AB  - Histological development of the epidermis was studied on skin samples from 169
      infants (gestation 24-40 weeks, age up to 1 year). Gestation markedly influenced
      epidermal development. Before 30 weeks, the epidermis is thin, has few cell
      layers and a poorly formed stratum corneum, but by 34 weeks it has largely
      matured. Postnatal influence on epidermal development is marked in the preterm
      infant, so that histologically the epidermis of the most immature infant
      resembles that of a term infant by 2 weeks of age. These changes in histology
      exactly parallel the development of the barrier properties of newborn skin.

PMID- 3697430
TI  - Amniotic fluid retinol concentrations in late pregnancy.
AB  - The concentrations of retinol (vitamin A) were measured in 36 samples of human
      amniotic fluid obtained near term. Mothers with normal pregnancy had higher
      amniotic fluid retinol levels than patients with diabetes or toxemia. The results
      indicate that some maternal complications during pregnancy affect the transport
      of retinol into amniotic fluid, possibly due to reductions in the uteroplacental
      blood flow.

PMID- 3697431
TI  - Fetal growth retardation in rats from different levels of hypoxia.
AB  - Three groups of pregnant Wistar rats were subjected to 3 different levels of
      hypoxia: 11.6, 10.7 and 9.0%, respectively. Pair-fed and ad libitum fed control
      groups were included to control for the reduced food intake due to hypoxia.
      Within the range studied, fetal body weights decreased with decreased oxygen
      availability. Liver weights were more, brain weights less markedly reduced than
      body weights. Pair-fed but normally oxygenated animals showed slight reductions
      in body and organ weights compared to ad libitum fed controls. The fetuses
      subjected to hypoxia showed a placental hypertrophy relative to their body
      weights, while the least hypoxic fetuses showed an absolute placental
      hypertrophy. Placenta-fetal body ratios that were 150% greater than those
      observed in control animals were documented. In contrast, the fetuses of food
      deprived animals were associated with abnormally small placentas.

PMID- 3697432
TI  - Unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin pigments during perinatal development. I.
      Studies on rat serum and intestine.
AB  - Unconjugated, mono- and diconjugated bilirubin was measured in rat plasma and
      intestine during perinatal development. Bilirubin monoconjugates were present in
      the intestines of 18-day-old fetuses, while diconjugates appeared on the 20th
      day. The concentration of conjugates increased rapidly, reaching 312 mumol/g of
      intestinal tissue 1 day after birth. The absolute concentration of unconjugated
      bilirubin increased in parallel. On the 18th day of fetal life, about 80% of the
      pigment in the intestine was unconjugated, while conjugates largely predominated
      from the 20th day onwards. Conjugation and/or excretion of bilirubin in the
      intestine seems therefore to develop rapidly during the last days of life. The
      plasma concentration of total bilirubin in 18-day-old fetuses was about 2-3 times
      higher than in adult serum, and it increased slightly during the following days.
      2-7% of the pigment was conjugated. Transplacental clearance of bilirubin seems
      therefore to be deficient in this species. On the 1st day of extrauterine life,
      bilirubin concentration increased sharply in plasma, reaching 14.76 mumol/l, 38%
      in the conjugated form. This finding suggests that, unlike humans, an excretory
      defect is predominant in the neonatal rat.

PMID- 3697433
TI  - Biological tests for mental illness: their use and misuse.

PMID- 3697434
TI  - Relationships of the dexamethasone suppression test to clinical severity and
      degree of melancholia.
AB  - Investigators continue to debate whether the Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST)
      reflects clinical severity or degree of melancholia ("endogeneity"). To evaluate
      this question, we studied 73 drug-free inpatients diagnosed with Schedule for
      Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia/Research Diagnostic Criteria (SADS/RDC) as
      having major depressive disorder (MDD). We compared absolute and dichotomous DST
      values (DST suppression versus nonsuppression) with absolute and dichotomous
      measures of endogeneity (as measured by operationally defined RDC items) and with
      Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) scores that were collected
      immediately prior to treatment. We found that degree of endogeneity correlated
      moderately (r = 0.27) but significantly (p = 0.02) with absolute DST values; DST
      nonsuppression increased proportionately with changes in categorical endogenous
      subtype (0% of the nonendogenous patients were nonsuppressives, 52% of probable
      endogenous, and 61% of subjects definitely endogenous); mean values for maximum
      DST concentrations increased steadily with categorical endogeneity
      (nonendogenous, 1.44 microgram/dl; probable endogenous, 7.65 micrograms/dl;
      definite, 10.93 micrograms/dl; p = 0.01); HRSD scores correlated more strongly (r
      = 0.45, p = 0.000) with maximum DST levels than did the degree of endogeneity.
      Age and weight changes did not account for the relationship of endogeneity to DST
      values. These data suggest that maximum postdexamethasone plasma cortisol levels
      reflect overall severity of depression and endogeneity and that endogeneity per
      se is highly confounded with severity.

PMID- 3697435
TI  - Growth hormone response to apomorphine and diagnosis: a comparison of three
      diagnostic systems.
AB  - Our study takes a further look at the apomorphine test in the psychoses and
      affective disorders, with special reference to the use of different diagnostic
      systems. Patients meeting Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) for schizophrenia,
      schizoaffective disorder, or manic disorder were included. In addition to the
      RDC, diagnosis was also made using the DSM-III and ICD-9. All patients underwent
      an evaluation of peak GH response to apomorphine administration. The results show
      that RDC and ICD-9 are similar, in that for both systems, a high GH response
      correlates with a schizoaffective disorder and distinguishes those patients
      significantly from manic patients. The DMS-III brings in some new dimensions, in
      that schizophreniform disorder (6-month cut-off) is distinguished from
      schizophrenia. In addition, patients with affective symptoms and mood-incongruent
      psychoses are more closely related to schizophreniform disorder than to classical
      manic disorder.

PMID- 3697436
TI  - Latency of eye movement and other REM sleep parameters in bipolar depression.
AB  - Parameters of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep were measured in 10 endogenous
      bipolar depressive drug-free patients and in healthy subjects. A significant
      reduction of eye movement latency and larger standard deviations in the values
      for activity and density of eye movement were found in the depressed patients.
      The method applied in this study, embodying an aspect of cybernetic theory in
      pattern recognition, proved very useful for the elaboration of the biological
      data.

PMID- 3697437
TI  - Which endogenous depressive symptoms relate to REM latency reduction?
AB  - In most research dealing with biological abnormalities in depression, the
      clinical diagnosis of depression is made and the occurrence of a biological
      abnormality, for example, reduced REM latency, is documented. In this study, that
      design was reversed; REM latency was used as a grouping variable to assess
      empirically the "biological" priority of Research Diagnostic Criteria endogenous
      symptoms. We found that terminal insomnia, pervasive anhedonia, unreactive mood,
      and appetite loss were most likely to discriminate among "reduced" and
      "nonreduced" REM latency depressions at various threshold values. Contrary to
      expectation, diurnal mood variation was found equivalently in all categories of
      REM latency studied. Implications for clinical decision making based on
      endogenous symptoms are discussed.

PMID- 3697438
TI  - Amitriptyline normalizes tetrabenazine-induced changes in cerebral
      microcirculation.
AB  - The cerebromicrocirculation in the tetrabenzaine (TBZ) model of depression has
      been found to be abnormal with respect to (1) responsiveness of cerebral blood
      flow to increases in arterial CO2 content and (2) the effective permeability of
      the blood-brain barrier to water. Development of these abnormalities temporally
      paralleled the behavioral disturbances and catecholamine depletion induced by
      TBZ. These TBZ-induced changes occurred globally throughout the brain, being
      apparent in the forebrain, cerebellum, and medulla-pons. Pretreatment with the
      antidepressant amitriptyline prevented both behavioral and physiological effects
      of TBZ, whereas amitriptyline administered after TBZ was less effective. The
      results suggest that an important action of tricyclic antidepressants may be
      cerebromicrocirculatory effects.

PMID- 3697439
TI  - Bromocriptine in the treatment of neuroleptic-resistant schizophrenia.

PMID- 3697440
TI  - Synergistic action of alprazolam with tranylcypromine in drug-resistant atypical
      depression with panic attacks.

PMID- 3697441
TI  - L-triiodothyronine-precipitated angina and clinical response.

PMID- 3697442
TI  - Does vanadium play a role in depressive states?

PMID- 3697443
TI  - Free cortisol and the dexamethasone suppression test.

PMID- 3697444
TI  - The effects of physostigmine on memory and auditory P300 in Alzheimer-type
      dementia.

PMID- 3697445
TI  - P300 event-related potential abnormalities in borderline personality disorder.

PMID- 3697446
TI  - Circadian fluctuations in anxiety disorders.

PMID- 3697447
TI  - Lithium and haloperidol.

PMID- 3697448
TI  - DST in chronic schizophrenia.

PMID- 3697449
TI  - Cholinergic-monoamine systems, depression, and panic.

PMID- 3697450
TI  - Postdexamethasone cortisol levels, weight loss, and aging.

PMID- 3697451
TI  - T3 and T4 in unipolar depression.

PMID- 3697452
TI  - Psychogenic polydipsia.

PMID- 3697453
TI  - Disney's "Return to Oz," and ECT.

PMID- 3697454
TI  - Hemispheric asymmetry and emotion: effects of nonverbal affective stimuli.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to investigate the cerebral processing of
      affect by measuring the electroencephalographic activity of the frontal lobes and
      electrodermal activity in response to a series of nonverbal affective stimuli.
      Cognitive and sensorimotor processes were minimized by employing a design that
      did not require subjects to perform any task other than attending to the stimuli.
      Summated frontal alpha activity was determined during nonemotional, positive, and
      negative stimuli. Changes in bilateral skin conductance were also measured during
      the presentation of the stimuli. Results demonstrated that there was bilateral
      activation of the frontal lobes in response to the positive affective stimuli.
      The level of activation of the frontal lobes was the same in response to both
      negative and nonemotional stimuli. There was no evidence of hemispheric asymmetry
      or gender-related differences in patterns of activation. Furthermore, there was
      no evidence of lateralization in the skin conductance response magnitude.

PMID- 3697455
TI  - The role of awareness in the control of frontalis muscle activity.
AB  - An experiment was conducted to evaluate whether awareness of change in frontalis
      muscle activity was necessary and sufficient for voluntary control over the
      muscle. Forty subjects were required to relax, tense and complete both a test of
      awareness and an isometric magnitude production task, using the frontalis muscle.
      Following the completion of these pre-training assessment procedures, one group
      of subjects underwent either: Training in muscular awareness; biofeedback
      training in muscular control; both awareness and muscular control training; or a
      non-training control procedure. Following training, all subjects were again
      evaluated using the pre-training assessment procedures. The results indicated
      that an increase in awareness was not sufficient to produce an increase in
      muscular control, nor was it necessary for an increase in the ability to tense
      the frontalis muscle. These results suggest that Brener's model of voluntary
      control needs to be re-examined.

PMID- 3697456
TI  - Auditory thresholds during continuing sleep.
AB  - Five subjects were asked to respond to a 1000 Hz tone with a standard button push
      response during sleep. A method of limits procedure was used to track their
      auditory thresholds when awake and during various stages of sleep. Subjects
      adapted to the procedure and were able to make consistent responses while their
      EEG indicated stage 1 or stage 2 sleep. While the threshold level at which a
      response was made was directly related to EEG state, there was no significant
      correlation between the interval between responses and the threshold level. It
      was concluded that stable auditory thresholds could be obtained during stage 1
      and stage 2 sleep after little laboratory adaptation and that this behavioral
      response could be a useful indicator of central processing ability during sleep.

PMID- 3697457
TI  - Facial expressions as excitatory and inhibitory stimuli for conditioned autonomic
      responses.
AB  - Several lines of evidence suggest that emotional responses to facial expressions
      of emotion have a biological basis. The present study involved 4 experiments
      where pictures of angry, happy or neutral facial expressions were used as
      conditioned stimuli in aversive Pavlovian electrodermal conditioning. From an
      evolutionary perspective it was expected that an angry face should have an
      excitatory effect on aversively conditioned responses, whereas a happy face
      should have an inhibitory effect. It was also expected that the effect should be
      specific for the stimulus person showing the display. The data showed that the
      stimulus person was a critical mediating factor for obtaining persistent
      conditioning effects, that is to say, responses which showed resistance to
      extinction. Persistent responding was primarily manifested when the stimulus
      person displayed anger during extinction. On the other hand, this effect was
      inhibited when the person displayed a happy face during extinction. Furthermore,
      resistance to extinction was increased or decreased dependent on whether the
      person expressed anger or happiness during acquisition. Thus, consistent with
      predictions, angry and happy faces exhibited an excitatory and inhibitory effect,
      respectively, and these effects were mediated by the stimulus person.

PMID- 3697458
TI  - Influence of skin temperature on latency and amplitude of skin potential
      responses in the cat.
AB  - The effect of skin temperature changes on skin potential response (SPR) amplitude
      and latency was examined in the cat. SPRs were elicited either by stimulating the
      reticular formation or the distal end of the median nerve. At room temperature,
      the latency due to the neuroglandular transmission and to the peripheral effector
      accounts for about half of the total latency of SPR evoked by reticular
      stimulation. This latency increases to several seconds at low skin temperatures
      (approximately 10 degrees C), decreases with temperature, and is minimal (300
      msec) at high temperatures (over 40 degrees C). SPR amplitude increases with skin
      temperature, reaches a maximal value (usually around 30 degrees C) and then
      decreases at higher temperatures. The decrease of latency at higher temperatures
      confirms results previously obtained in humans. However, the mechanisms of
      amplitude decrease for high temperatures remain unclear.

PMID- 3697459
TI  - A method to elicit aggressive feelings and behaviour via provocation.
AB  - A technique is described which elicits hostility via provocation in a competitive
      reaction time task incorporating a predetermined failure rate of 50%. When the
      subject loses he is exposed to a white noise which increases in intensity through
      the experiment. When he wins he is able to administer one of 8 levels of noise to
      his opponent. Heart rate and skin conductance level and fluctuations were
      monitored throughout the experiment. Self-ratings of mood, aggression and anxiety
      were completed both pre and post task. It was found that the task elicited
      hostility which could be measured behaviourally, physiologically and emotionally.

PMID- 3697460
TI  - The effects of age and attention upon reflex inhibition.
AB  - Previous research has suggested that reflex amplitude may be influenced by the
      direction of attention. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the
      effects of an attention-demanding visual reaction time task upon the elicitation
      of reflexes and modification of reflexes by an antecedent prestimulus in young
      and elderly adults. In young subjects, eyeblink inhibition was augmented by the
      task, yet there was no effect upon overall reflex amplitude. Elderly subjects
      showed no effect upon reflex inhibition while overall reflex amplitude was
      diminished by the task, independent of the amount of inhibition. In young
      subjects, the prestimulus also accentuated the initial decelerative component of
      a biphasic heart rate response. The reaction time task also served to augment
      this deceleration. The elderly heart rate response was not affected by the
      experimental conditions. These results provide evidence that reflex inhibition is
      modulated by attention. However, the relationship is complex, developmentally
      sensitive, and involves generalized attentive processes as well as selective
      attention toward specific stimuli or sensory modalities.

PMID- 3697461
TI  - Catecholamines in sow graafian follicles at proestrus and at diestrus.
AB  - Endogenous dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline were detected in the sow
      graafian follicular wall and in the follicular fluid. Noradrenaline represented
      the highest level and adrenaline the lowest. Dopamine and noradrenaline
      concentrations found in the follicular fluid were lower at early proestrus than
      at mid-diestrus, whereas adrenaline levels in the fluid did not differ at either
      stage of the estrous cycle. The sow follicular wall contained less dopamine,
      noradrenaline and adrenaline at early proestrus than at mid-diestrus.
      Concomitantly, a decrement of [3H]-dopamine and [3H]-noradrenaline uptake, and of
      dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity was detected at early proestrus compared to
      levels detected at mid-diestrus. The findings in sow graafian follicles show the
      existence of relationships between hormonal status, dopamine, noradrenaline and
      adrenaline endogenous levels and uptake, and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity.
      Possible links between estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and
      luteinizing hormone (LH) levels during the pig estrous cycle and ovarian
      catecholamines are discussed, as is a plausible involvement of these
      neurotransmitters in the contractile activity of the theca layer and the
      processes of follicular rupture and ovulation.

PMID- 3697462
TI  - Motility characteristics of sperm from the uterus and oviducts of female mice
      after mating to congenic males differing in sperm transport and fertility.
AB  - Motile sperm were videotaped after removal from the uterus and isthmus of the
      oviducts of female mice 1 h after mating with congenic males carrying none, one,
      or two t complexes. Males carrying one t complex (tw32/+) are fertile, and sperm
      carrying the t complex have an advantage in fertilization; males carrying two
      complexes (tw32/t0) are sterile. For each sperm, 2 sec of movement of the head
      midpiece junction were traced from the videotape. For each tracing, five motility
      parameters were used: curvilinear velocity (Vc), and index of the sperm's mean
      swimming speed; coefficient of variation of move length (CVML), an index of speed
      constancy; progressiveness ratio (PR), an index of all deviation of the sperm's
      movement from a straight line; linear index (LI), an index of the straightness of
      the sperm's trajectory; and curvilinear progressiveness ratio (PRc), an index of
      the degree of lateral oscillation about that trajectory. Uterine sperm from
      fertile males were progressive, with straight trajectories and little lateral
      oscillation. There were no consistent differences in any motility parameter
      between uterine sperm from tw32/+ and congenic +/+ males. Uterine sperm from
      sterile tw32/t0 males were extremely slow and showed very little progressive
      movement, which could explain their lack of transport to the oviduct. For all
      fertile males, isthmic oviductal sperm differed significantly from uterine sperm
      in every motility parameter except Vc: isthmic sperm were less consistent in
      swimming speed, and less progressive with less straight trajectories and more
      lateral movement. One or more of these motility characteristics may be related to
      hyperactivation. A large proportion of isthmic sperm from tw32/+ males had
      nonlinear trajectories (LI less than .50); these nonlinear sperm were faster than
      nonlinear isthmic sperm from congenic +/+ males. These motility characteristics
      of isthmic sperm from tw32/+ males may be related to hyperactivation, or to their
      previously observed abnormal transport within the oviduct.

PMID- 3697463
TI  - Chronological changes in fertility, fecundity and steroid hormone secretion
      during consecutive pregnancies in aging rats.
AB  - During aging in female rats the incidence of regular estrous cyclicity decreases
      progressively. Concomitant with this decrease are declines in both fertility and
      fecundity in aged females. The causes for these age-related losses in
      reproductive function are currently unknown. To reveal the biology and
      endocrinology of pregnancy in aging females, we performed a longitudinal study in
      a group of multiparous rats bred once every 2 mo. Beginning at 4 mo and
      continuing through 12 mo of age in the same individual females, we determined the
      chronological changes in estrous cyclicity and fertility; examined the number of
      implantation scars; estimated the fetal resorption rate; and assessed the
      patterns of progestin, androgen, and estrogen secretion during 5 consecutive
      gestations. During each pregnancy, blood samples were obtained from the mothers
      on Days 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 16, and 19 for measurement of steroid hormone
      concentrations. Laparotomies were performed after parturition to count the number
      of implantation scars. To estimate the number of fetal resorptions, the
      difference between the number of implantation scars and the total number of pups
      delivered was calculated for each animal. Fertility during aging followed a
      similar but more dramatic pattern of decline than did the incidence of regular
      cyclicity. While almost all females became infertile when their regular ovulatory
      cycles ceased, an increasing proportion of middle-aged (10-12 mo of age)
      regularly cyclic rats also failed to reproduce successfully. These observations
      indicate that the loss of fertility in aging female rats is due largely, but not
      exclusively, to the cessation of regular ovulatory cycles. Beginning at 8 mo and
      continuing to 12 mo of age, a significant (p less than 0.01) decline in litter
      size was observed in these multiparous rats. This decline was associated with a
      similar decrease in the number of implantation scars. Neither the estimated
      number of fetal resorptions nor the number of dead pups delivered per pregnant
      rat changed significantly during 5 consecutive gestations. There were, however,
      age-related gradual increases in the percentage of fetal resorptions/implantation
      scars and of dead pups/total number of pups delivered. These data indicate that
      the age-related decline in fecundity is due mainly to reproductive failures early
      in gestation. The patterns of decreases in both fertility and fecundity found in
      repeatedly sampled and laparotomized females were similar to those seen in
      untreated multiparous rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3697464
TI  - Length of prolactin priming differentially affects maternal behavior in female
      rats.
AB  - Prolonged exposure to prolactin (Prl) or to ectopic pituitary grafts that secrete
      Prl has been shown to stimulate maternal behavior in steroid-treated,
      hypophysectomized female rats. Since Prl levels in the blood of pregnant rats
      increase beginning 2-3 days prepartum, it was of interest to determine whether
      acute Prl priming prior to exposure to rat young would also stimulate full
      maternal behavior. Hypophysectomized, ovariectomized nulliparous rats were
      assigned to one of three treatments: Group 1, prolonged Prl; Group 2, acute Prl;
      or Group 3, controls/no Prl. All groups were implanted with 3 X 30 mm
      progesterone (P)-filled Silastic capsules s.c. at the time of ovariectomy (ovx)
      on Treatment Day 1. After ovx, Group 1 rats (prolonged Prl) were injected twice
      daily with 0.5 mg Ovine (o) Prl throughout the course of the study. Group 2
      (acute Prl) and 3 (controls/no Prl) females were injected with vehicle alone or
      noninjected from Day 1-10. On Day 11 of Treatment, P implants were removed from
      all rats and each female was given a 2 mm estradiol-17 beta (E2)-filled Silastic
      implant. Starting on Day 11, Group 2 females were injected twice daily with oPrl.
      Group 3 rats continued to receive vehicle only. Behavioral testing began on Day
      12 and was conducted daily through Day 22. Prolonged Prl priming (Group 1)
      stimulated a rapid onset of all aspects of maternal behavior (latencies less than
      1 day, all p less than 0.05-0.001 vs. Group 3 controls). Control latencies ranged
      from 4-10 days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3697465
TI  - Catecholamine content of the preovulatory follicles of the domestic hen.
AB  - The role of catecholamines in ovarian function of the domestic hen has not been
      examined extensively. The aim of this study was first to determine the location
      of catecholamines in the preovulatory follicle of the domestic hen. Second,
      norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (EPI) and dopamine (DA) were measured in the
      isolated theca layer of the five largest preovulatory follicles at specific times
      during the ovulatory cycle and changes in catecholamine content were correlated
      with ovarian events. The five largest preovulatory follicles were removed from
      chickens at 24, 18, 12, 6 and 2 h before ovulation of the largest (F1) follicle.
      Theca and granulosa layers were isolated, frozen, weighed and prepared for
      measurements of catecholamines by the double isotope radio-enzymatic assay.
      Catecholamines were localized primarily in the theca layer with only small
      amounts present in the granulosa layer. Norepinephrine was present in the theca
      layer in concentrations 6- and 30-fold those of EPI and DA, respectively. The
      content of NE and EPI in the theca layer of the F1 follicle was significantly (p
      less than 0.01) higher at 6 h before ovulation than at other times for the F1
      follicle. In contrast, NE and EPI content of the theca layer of second (F2) and
      third (F3) largest follicles did not change during the ovulatory cycle. The
      content of DA was elevated (p less than 0.05) at 12 h before ovulation in F1 and
      F2 follicles. There was a significant reduction in NE in the theca layer of the
      fifth largest (F5) follicle between 24 and 18 h before ovulation of the F1
      follicle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3697466
TI  - Neonatal androgenization in ground squirrels: influence on sex differences in
      body mass and luteinizing hormone levels.
AB  - Female squirrels were injected at birth with 50 or 1000 micrograms testosterone
      propionate (TP); control males and females were treated with oil vehicle.
      Squirrels were gonadectomized at 47 days of age. Body mass was recorded weekly
      and plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) was determined once monthly over the next
      year. Marked annual cycles in body mass were manifested by 30 out of 31
      squirrels. Peak body mass and peak-to-trough differences were greater for control
      male and TP-female squirrels than for control female squirrels. Trough body
      weights did not differ among the groups. Luteinizing hormone was detectable in
      all male and most androgenized females but not in any control female squirrels
      during the first 4 mo after gonadectomy. Peak LH values were significantly
      greater for control male than for control female squirrels and were not
      influenced by neonatal androgenization in females. Testosterone propionate
      treatment also did not affect sex differences in timing of LH peaks or the total
      number of months in which LH was detectable. We conclude that testicular hormones
      secreted during the early postnatal period induce sex differences in the
      circannual pattern of weight change and some aspects of LH secretion. Complete
      masculinization, however, either requires more extensive action of gonadal
      hormones, perhaps both pre- and postnatally, or occurs through some androgen
      independent mechanism.

PMID- 3697467
TI  - Maintenance of testicular function in Turkish hamsters: interaction of
      photoperiod and the pineal gland.
AB  - Adult male Turkish hamsters maintained testicular function when exposed to
      photoperiods of 15, 16, or 17 h of light per day. Photoperiods of less than 15 or
      greater than 17 h of light per day induced a rapid and complete testicular
      regression. As pinealectomy had been shown by others to induce testicular
      regression in long-day Turkish hamsters, we thought that regression on 18 or more
      h of light might be based on the inability of the pineal to generate a daily
      rhythm of melatonin in production and release. This proved not to be the case.
      Animals exposed to 14-18 and 20 h of light per day had a robust nocturnal
      melatonin rhythm.

PMID- 3697468
TI  - Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of endometrial protein in human uterine
      fluids: qualitative and quantitative analysis.
AB  - By combining two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, protein staining and a
      sensitive computer-assisted gel scanning system, it was possible to examine human
      uterine fluid (n = 56) qualitatively and quantitatively for the presence of
      endometrial proteins. The protein concentration of uterine fluids ranged from 0.1
      to 12.0 mg/ml with early secretory phase samples (n = 15) having significantly
      less protein (0.72 +/- 0.2 SEM mg/ml p less than or equal to 0.05) than the
      proliferative phase (n = 57) samples (1.58 +/- .29 SEM mg/ml). Whole blood
      contamination of uterine fluid, as measured by hemoglobin content, averaged 6.2
      +/- 0.88% throughout the menstrual cycle. Human uterine fluids collected
      throughout the menstrual cycle were found to contain serum and up to 24 other
      proteins in addition to those previously described (MacLaughlin and Richardson,
      1983). These proteins represent approximately 1% of the total protein in the gels
      and exhibit isoelectric points from 4.5 to 7.0 and molecular weights in the
      26,000 to 60,000 range. These proteins are absent from human serum, which
      exhibits an identical pattern whether obtained in the proliferative or secretory
      phase of the menstrual cycle. These secreted endometrial proteins now become the
      standard against which to compare proteins identified in vitro using organ, gland
      and cell culture techniques and to characterize proteins that are regulated by
      steroid hormones in vivo.

PMID- 3697469
TI  - Progesterone and testosterone production by dispersed rat placental cells.
AB  - Isopycnic separation and unit gravity sedimentation were employed to identify the
      rat placental cell types capable of producing progesterone and testosterone.
      Subdivision of Day 12-dispersed placental cells in Percoll gradients revealed
      that fractions (less than 1.048 g/ml) containing giant cytotrophoblast cells
      produced greater quantities of progesterone (p less than 0.01) than did fractions
      (greater than 1.048 g/ml) with equal numbers of placental cells but void of giant
      cytotrophoblasts. Unit gravity sedimentation of Day 16-dispersed placental cells
      revealed that when incubated, isolated giant cytotrophoblast cells were capable
      of producing both progesterone and testosterone. Both of the separation studies
      strongly suggested that other cell types also produce steroids. However, the
      biosynthetic capacity of the giant cytotrophoblast cell appeared to be 1000-fold
      greater than that of the other cell types. Incubation of Day 12-dispersed
      placental cells with human chorionic gonadotropin or 3',5'-cyclic adenosine
      monophosphate did not further increase progesterone production as compared to
      untreated control incubates, suggesting rat placental steroidogenesis is not
      under trophic hormone control. Electron microscopic observations of giant
      cytotrophoblast cells revealed a complex ultrastructure suggesting a variety of
      physiological functions.

PMID- 3697470
TI  - [Effect of the mixing conditions of PMMA bone cements on their properties. 3:
      Improved mixing conditions; results and clinical testing].

PMID- 3697471
TI  - A mechanical model for passive behaviour of rats' carotid artery.

PMID- 3697472
TI  - Polymorphic phase behavior of platelet-activating factor.
AB  - Vibrational Raman and 31P NMR spectroscopic experiments have been performed as a
      function of temperature on aqueous dispersions of 1-0-octadecyl-2-acetoyl-sn
      glycero-3-phosphocholine, a chemically synthesized platelet-activating factor. In
      the temperature range of -7 to 30 degrees C, the C(18)/PAF-H2O system is shown,
      upon heating, to undergo two thermal phase transitions centered at 9.2 degrees
      and 18.4 degrees C. The low temperature transition, attributed to the
      interdigitated lamellar gel (II)----gel (I) phase transition, is characterized by
      the breakdown of large lamellar organizations into small, but aggregated, bilayer
      vesicles. The high-temperature transition corresponds to the interdigitated
      lamellar gel (I)----micellar transition. The molecular ordering and packing
      structure of C(18)/PAF in the two lamellar phases and phase transition regions
      are described. It appears that the interdigitated lamellar gel (I) phase is
      unique for C(18)/PAF dispersions when compared with the behavior of other
      chemically closely related phospholipids in excess water.

PMID- 3697473
TI  - X-ray structure study of thermotropic phases in isoacylphosphatidylcholine
      multibilayers.
AB  - Structures of lamellar phases in aqueous dispersions of
      diisoacylphosphatidylcholines (17iPC and 20iPC) were determined by x-ray
      diffraction methods. In agreement with previous DSC studies, subgel, gel, and
      liquid crystal phases were observed in each homolog. The subgel Lc(c') phases of
      both homologs show significant two-dimensional long range order and can be
      described by rectangular lattices. The dimensions of the two rectangular unit
      cells differ in that the side chains are canted (approximately 33 degrees) in the
      20iPC homolog, while in 17iPC the side chains are normal to the bilayer plane.
      The gel L beta phases of 17iPC (Tgg = 17-19.5 degrees C) and 20iPC (Tgg = 44
      degrees C) are similar but not identical and are consistent with a distorted,
      pseudohexagonal lattice for the rotationally disordered side chains. The liquid
      crystal phases of 17iPC (Tgl = 28 degrees C) and 20iPC (Tgl = 52 degrees C) are
      structurally similar and are typical of lipids with fluid side chains.
      Significant but different changes occur in the long spacings at Tgg and Tgl for
      the two homologs. This implies that interfacial states (particularly in the
      subgel phases) differ in the two homologs below the liquid crystal phase
      transition temperature.

PMID- 3697474
TI  - Heme protein fluorescence versus pressure.
AB  - Fluorescence spectra of several ferric heme proteins have been measured vs.
      pressure to 6,000 bars. Sperm whale myoglobin (SW Mb), Aplysia myoglobin,
      leghemoglobin (Lb), and cytochrome P450 all show excitation and emission spectra
      characteristic of tryptophan in proteins with peak emission at 330-340 nm. At one
      bar, the fluorescence is weak due to energy transfer to the heme group, which
      makes the yield a sensitive probe of protein unfolding at high pressure. After an
      initial decrease of a few percent per kbar, the protein shows a large increase in
      fluorescence at high pressure. The increase is pH dependent and the results
      indicate that several high pressure states occur. For SW Mb at 15 degrees C an
      increase of a factor of 20 occurs with midpoint at 2,000 bars at pH 5 and is only
      partially reversible, while the increase at pH 7 occurs at 4,000 bars and is only
      half as large and is completely reversible. Aplysia Mb and Lb show a similar
      effect, but unfold at a higher pressure than SW Mb. P450 also shows a transition
      to a state of higher fluorescence, but the transition in this case is
      irreversible as a stable form, P420, is formed. The fluorescence intensity
      measurements permit an estimation of the increase in the TRY-heme distance in the
      high pressure state.

PMID- 3697475
TI  - Processing and analysis of potentiometric data.
AB  - Potentiometric titration curves have traditionally been collected as the
      difference in absorbance at two wavelengths, and analyzed by plotting voltage vs.
      log (oxidized/reduced). The collection method, designed to monitor changes in
      local peak height, is effective for that purpose only when spectral backgrounds
      do not change slope as voltage changes, and the analysis method is valid only for
      a single isolated component (one whose midpoint potential is far from that of
      anything else in the mixture). Yet these methods are commonly used where such
      restrictions do not pertain, e.g. the study of cytochromes in mitonchondria. In
      this paper, we present more appropriate methods of collection and analysis, and
      suggest that, even with the best available methods, any conclusion should be
      confirmed in several ways. Experimental results are presented in accompanying
      papers.

PMID- 3697476
TI  - Electrokinetic and electrostatic properties of bilayers containing gangliosides
      GM1, GD1a, or GT1. Comparison with a nonlinear theory.
AB  - We formed vesicles from mixtures of egg phosphatidylcholine (PC) and the
      gangliosides GM1, GD1a, or GT1 to model the electrokinetic properties of
      biological membranes. The electrophoretic mobilities of the vesicles are similar
      in NaCl, CsCl, and TMACl solutions, suggesting that monovalent cations do not
      bind significantly to these gangliosides. If we assume the sialic acid groups on
      the gangliosides are located some distance from the surface of the vesicle and
      the sugar moieties exert hydrodynamic drag, we can describe the mobility data in
      1, 10, and 100 mM monovalent salt solutions with a combination of the Navier
      Stokes and nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann equations. The values we assume for the
      thickness of the ganglioside head group and the location of the charge affect the
      theoretical predictions markedly, but the Stokes radius of each sugar and the
      location of the hydrodynamic shear plane do not. We obtain a reasonable fit to
      the mobility data by assuming that all ganglioside head groups project 2.5 nm
      from the bilayer and all fixed charges are in a plane 1 nm from the bilayer
      surface. We tested the latter assumption by estimating the surface potentials of
      PC/ganglioside bilayers using four techniques: we made 31P nuclear magnetic
      resonance, fluorescence, electron spin resonance, and conductance measurements.
      The results are qualitatively consistent with our assumption.

PMID- 3697478
TI  - Examination of the secondary structure of proteins by deconvolved FTIR spectra.

PMID- 3697477
TI  - Geographical distribution and inactivation kinetics in internally perfused
      Myxicola giant axons.
AB  - In some preparations the time constant of Na current inactivation determined with
      two pulses (tau c) is larger over some range of potentials than that determined
      from the current decay during a single pulse (tau h), while in others tau c(V)
      and tau h(V) are the same. Myxicola giant axons obtained from specimens collected
      from coastal waters of northeastern North America display a tau c - tau h
      difference under all conditions we have tested. In these axons tau c(V) and tau
      h(V) are unchanged by reduction of Na current density, addition of K-channel
      blockers, or internal perfusion. Specimens of the same species, Myxicola
      infundibulum, collected from a different geographical location, the south coast
      of England, have been studied under internal perfusion with K as the major cation
      internally, with reduced external Na concentration and in the presence of K
      channel blockers. In these axons tau c(V) and tau h(V) approximately superpose,
      raising the possibility that dramatic differences in Na current kinetics may not
      necessarily reflect basic differences in the organization of the Na channel
      gating machinery.

PMID- 3697479
TI  - Fluorescence decay of ethidium bromide in the presence of the Z-conformation of
      poly(dG-dC) and of poly(dG-dC) modified by chlorodiethylenetriamine platinum(II)
      chloride.

PMID- 3697480
TI  - Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) binding to solubilized material from rat
      liver plasma membranes.
AB  - A non-ionic detergent such as Lubrol-PX extracts in soluble form the VIP-binding
      structures of rat liver plasma membranes. Detergent-solubilized proteins bind
      specifically [125I]VIP and the complex tracer-protein is identified by the use of
      Sepharose 6B columns. The interaction is only possible in the absence of
      detergent (below 0.001%) and is inhibited by native peptide. A molecular weight
      of about 80,000 was estimated for VIP-binding proteins by reference to a series
      of globular markers of proteins. Binding to VIP soluble proteins is specific and
      dependent on time as studied by the Hummel and Dreyer (Biochim. Biophys. Acta
      63:530-532, 1962) assay.

PMID- 3697481
TI  - [Noradrenaline suppression of the spinal efferent component of the pressor
      reflexes].
AB  - Noradrenaline applied to the dorsal surface of spinal cord segments C6-T1
      suppressed the pressor components of the blood pressure reflexes evoked by
      stimulation of radial nerve afferents in anesthetized cats. Noradrenaline applied
      to spinal cord segments L4-S1 suppressed pressor reflexes elicited by stimulation
      of tibial nerve afferents. The increase in noradrenaline concentration from 0.05
      to 0.2% enhanced the duration and intensity of this effect.

PMID- 3697482
TI  - [Locus ceruleus: the regulation of hemato-encephalic barrier function normally
      and under emotional stress].
AB  - To study the role of locus ceruleus in maintaining the blood-brain barrier
      function in conditions of emotional stress, the blood-brain barrier permeability
      was estimated after locus ceruleus damaging with DSP4 (N-2-chloroethyl-N-ethyl-2
      bromobenzylamine). The importance of locus ceruleus for the integrity of blood
      brain barrier functions in control animals and especially in rats exposed to
      emotional stress was revealed. The data obtained prove the homeostatic role of
      locus ceruleus, which is the most prominent in conditions of emotional stress.

PMID- 3697483
TI  - [Role of the thymus in regulating bone marrow hematopoiesis in the stress
      reaction].
AB  - The role of thymus in the regulation of erythropoiesis during stress has been
      studied in experiments on immobilized mice. The development of pronounced
      leukopenia due to stimulation of erythro- and granulocytopoiesis was
      demonstrated. Thymectomy, performed a month before immobilization, abolished the
      phenomenon of erythropoietic cellularity, indicating an important role of thymus
      in the regulation of myelopoiesis during stress.

PMID- 3697484
TI  - [Differences in the reaction of rat and guinea pig hearts to ischemia and
      reperfusion].
AB  - The response of rat and guinea-pig hearts to ischemia and reperfusion has been
      studied in identical conditions. Total 15-min ischemia of isolated rat hearts at
      36 degrees C induced an almost 3-fold rise in isovolumic left ventricular
      diastolic pressure as well as a fall in the developed pressure and heart rate.
      Guinea-pig hearts, in the same conditions, exhibited a more steep fall in heart
      rate, with no rise in diastolic pressure. With constant heart rate produced by
      electrical stimulation at 4 Hz, the difference between two groups remained
      unchanged, while a more rapid fall in developed pressure in guinea-pig hearts
      coincided with a more profound fall in extracellular pH and almost a 2-fold rise
      in extracellular K+ activity. Rapid elimination of K+ and H+ at the early stages
      of reperfusion was followed by fibrillation in the majority of guinea-pig hearts,
      while no fibrillation was observed in rat hearts.

PMID- 3697485
TI  - [Lymphopoietic function of mice with alloxan diabetes].
AB  - Alloxan diabetes (sucrose blood concentration greater than or equal to 14 mmol/l)
      induced lymphocytopenia in noninbred male mice, resulting from the decrease in
      the number of both T and B lymphocytes differentiated by their reaction to acid
      phosphatase. At the same time thymic bone marrow lymphopoiesis in mice with
      diabetes was depressed. Nodular and splenic lymphopoiesis remained virtually
      unchanged. These disturbances became apparent on the 3rd week after diabetes
      induction. Alloxan itself has no inhibitory effect on lymphopoiesis.

PMID- 3697486
TI  - [Effect of irradiation on the size of isolated liver mitochondria].
AB  - The role of external effects in the time course of changes in hepatocyte
      mitochondria size was studied. Suspensions of mitochondria isolated from the
      liver of inbred mice were investigated at various periods after gamma
      irradiation. Statistical analysis of changes in the size of isolated mitochondria
      has shown that irradiation leads to an increase in mitochondria size, reflected
      in the distribution pattern. The changes may be related to the functional
      activity, and distribution shifts may be regarded as manifestations of hepatocyte
      adaptation.

PMID- 3697487
TI  - [Peroxidation crystalline lens damage--a possible cause of the development of
      traumatic cataract].

PMID- 3697488
TI  - [Strengthening of the DNA-protein complex during the stationary aging of cultured
      cells].
AB  - Accumulation of DNA-protein crosslinks during "stationary phase ageing" (i.e.
      with the increase of non-proliferating period) of cultured transformed Chinese
      hamster cells and normal embryonic diploid human fibroblasts was determined by
      the improved method of column chromatography using hydroxylapatite of 14C-valine,
      14C-leucine and 3H-thymidine-labelled cell homogenates. Such an accumulation,
      however, was not observed during "stationary phase ageing" of xeroderma
      pigmentosum human fibroblasts. Possible mechanisms of the above phenomenon are
      discussed.

PMID- 3697490
TI  - [Kinetics of DNA reparative replication in the spleen cells of CBA- and C57BL/6
      strain mice induced by urethane and and the influenza virus].
AB  - Different kinetics of DNA repair replication induced by urethan and influenza
      virus was detected in mice of varying genotypes. Inhibition of repair replication
      was detected in the lymphocytes of C57BL/6 mice, infected with influenza virus
      and treated with urethan. No inhibition of repair replication was noted in CBA
      mice which is characteristic of resistance to influenza virus. However,
      stimulation of repair replication by influenza virus was observed in these cells.

PMID- 3697489
TI  - [Liver cytochrome P-450 system in rats with a varying susceptibility to the
      development of experimental alcoholism].
AB  - The cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase system of the liver was studied in
      laboratory noninbred male rats selected according to the intensity of their
      initial alcohol motivation and the dynamics of these parameters was followed up
      during 10-day alcoholisation. It was shown that in the animals inclined to the
      development of alcoholism the activity of the monooxygenase system (cytochrome P
      450, B5; enzymes: aminopyrine N-demethylase, aniline p-hydroxylase, NADPH
      cytochrome c-reductase) is higher than in the animals noninclined to the
      development of this disease. 10-day alcohol consumption in the free-choice
      situation between water and 15% ethanol solution did not change the parameters
      investigated. The only exception was NADPH-cytochrome c-reductase: its activity
      grew in both the groups of the animals by 40-75%.

PMID- 3697491
TI  - [The enzymes of the metabolism of exogenous compounds in the comparative
      assessment of the toxicity of trichothecene mycotoxins].
AB  - Moderate clinical, biochemical and hematologic signs of intoxication were
      observed in mice after single administration of HT-2 toxin (deacetylated
      derivative of T-2 toxin) in LD50 of 12.75 mg/kg or in 1/5 of LD50 for 7 days. The
      toxin produced no toxic effect when 1/10 and 1/50 of LD50 were administered for
      14 days. With the dose exceeding 1/50 of LD50 a reduction in cytochrome P-450
      content, carboxylesterase activity and increased activity of UDP
      glucuronosyltransferase and glutathione transferase were recorded. T-2 toxin
      produced a more pronounced toxic effect, inhibited UDP-glucuronosyltransferase
      and insignificantly stimulated glutathione transferase activity. Lower HT-2 toxin
      toxicity is believed to depend on its ability to activate conjugation reactions
      to a greater extent than T-2 toxin.

PMID- 3697492
TI  - [Lipid peroxidation in the rat liver during macrophage stimulation].
AB  - The content of malonyl dialdehyde, one of the final products of lipid
      peroxidation, was determined at different stages after zymosan stimulation of
      mononuclear phagocyte system in the rat liver. The gradual increase (with the
      maximum on day 7) of colloidal carbon clearance from the blood and the number of
      nonparenchymal cells, especially their nonphagocytic fraction, was noted in the
      rat liver after zymosan injection. A considerable reduction of hepatic malonyl
      dialdehyde was observed after the initial (on day 1) rising of its level. The
      distinct antioxidant effect developed by day 7 and coincided with maximal
      activity of hepatic macrophages.

PMID- 3697494
TI  - [Ratio of the frequency of chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges
      to the dose of the mutagenic exposure to cyclophosphamide in vivo and in vitro].
AB  - Cyclophosphamide (CP) and its metabolites were used to compare the rate of
      chromosomal aberrations (CA) and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) in the rabbit
      lymphocytes in vivo and in vitro. The dose-dependent increase of cytogenetic
      effects rate appeared to be of linear and exponential dependence for SCE and CA,
      respectively, both in vivo and in vitro. The regression equation coefficients
      coincided in in vivo and in vitro experiments.

PMID- 3697493
TI  - [Effect of the tumor-growth promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate on the
      proliferation of different clones of mouse tumor cells in a semiliquid medium].
AB  - The effect of tumour promoter, 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), on the
      cloning efficiency of different clones of mouse tumour cells was studied in semi
      solid medium. The clones varied in their response to TPA. Inhibition and
      inherited stimulation of colony-formation efficiency in semi-solid medium was
      revealed. One clone did not respond to TPA. The influence of environmental
      factors on the clone structure and tumour progression is discussed.

PMID- 3697495
TI  - [Clonogenic stromal cell count in the bone marrow of mice].
AB  - The number of fibroblast colonies in bone marrow cultures depends on FCFC
      concentration in explanted cells and FCFC cloning efficiency. For mouse bone
      marrow the efficiency of fibroblast colony formation increases in the presence of
      the feeder (irradiated bone marrow of spleen cells). Colony-stimulating feeder
      activity does not depend on the presence of phagocytic and stromal cells in the
      feeder cell population. Trypsinization of the bone marrow leads to the release of
      additional FCFC and the increase of their concentration in bone marrow cell
      suspensions.

PMID- 3697496
TI  - [Transplacental effect of methylcobalamine on the growth of embryonic mouse
      kidney tissue in organotypic cultivation].
AB  - Transplacental growth-stimulating effect of the Cbl-coenzyme methylcobalamine
      (MeCbl) was revealed in organ cultures of embryonic kidney tissue in DBA/2 mice.
      MeCbl improved the survival of embryonic kidney explants and decreased the
      incidence of degenerative damage in cultures. The frequency of regeneration
      development was 30%. Hyperplastic epithelial changes were much more marked after
      transplacental MeCbl administration (71.8%), than in the control (9.0%).

PMID- 3697497
TI  - [In vitro growth of lingual epithelial basal cells as affected by an extract of
      the nodose ganglion].
AB  - Nodose ganglion extract has a stimulating effect on the in vitro proliferation of
      tongue epithelium basal cells. Neurotrophic control of these target cells can be
      realized by mitogen-like chemical factors which are probably synthesized in
      sensory neurons, secreted from afferent nerve terminals and stimulate the
      proliferation of competent cells.

PMID- 3697498
TI  - [Regulation of isoproterenol-induced salivary gland hyperplasia in young and old
      mice by substances affecting the serotonin- and dopaminergic systems].
AB  - Isoproterenol-induced hyperplastic reaction has demonstrated decreased
      proliferative potency of salivary gland tissue in adult mice. Activation of
      serotoninergic mechanisms of lymphoid regulation by serotonin administration also
      decreased salivary gland hyperplastic reaction, predominantly in young mice.
      Dopamine administration enhanced the reaction in adult mice, it reaching the
      level observed in young animals. The number of spleen activated low density
      lymphocytes decreased in the case of serotonin-induced inhibition of hyperplastic
      reaction to isoproterenol and increased in the case of reaction stimulation.
      These lymphocytes have been previously shown to regulate salivary gland tissue
      proliferation in response to isoproterenol.

PMID- 3697499
TI  - [Bone formation in bone marrow organ cultures].
AB  - Bone tissue composed of typical bone trabeculae containing ground substance with
      incorporated osteogenic cells and osteoblast layer was formed in organ cultures
      of bone marrow obtained from adult mice. Electron microscopic properties of the
      bone formed in vitro were identical to those of the bone tissue in vivo. The
      mineralization of the bone took place only in the presence of Na-beta
      glycerophosphate in the culture medium.

PMID- 3697501
TI  - [Inhibin activity of the organs of the male reproductive system in rats treated
      with dihydrotestosterone].
AB  - The content of protein hormone, inhibin, in the rat testis and prostate has been
      studied on preadolescent female mice. Both organs were characterized by a certain
      inhibin activity, it being higher in the prostate. A single injection of 25 mu kg
      dihydrotestosterone (DHT) to rats has been followed by the increase in testicular
      and prostate mass, elevation of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and testosterone
      levels in peripheral blood, and a slight rise in inhibin testicular activity,
      with the lack of these changes in the prostate. The detection of inhibin in the
      prostate confirms possible direct link of the organ with the pituitary body. DHT
      effect on spermatogenesis has been but insignificantly related to FSH depression.

PMID- 3697500
TI  - [Sex hormone receptors in the hypothalamus and their role in the sexual
      differentiation of the brain of male rats].
AB  - The content of receptors to estradiol and testosterone was determined in
      cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of hypothalamus and brain cortex of male rats
      in the early postnatal period. Receptors to both estradiol and testosterone were
      revealed in cytosol and nuclear fractions, with the decrease in their
      concentration observed from days 1 to 5. The data obtained demonstrate that
      receptors to sexual hormones take part in the brain differentiation and
      regulation of hypophysis gonadotropic function by male or female type.

PMID- 3697502
TI  - [Use of a diploid cell line for detecting the toxic components in medical
      immunobiological preparations].
AB  - Besides specific antigens medical immunobiological agents (MIBA) contain chemical
      compounds (formaldehyde, aluminium hydroxide and mercury salt, merthiolate) in
      permissible concentrations. Therefore, the investigation of MIBA and their
      components should involve methods studying the effect of chemical compounds on
      cells and their structural components. For this purpose WHO recommends to use
      cell cultures. The results obtained show that cell cultures (constant and diploid
      lines) allow the differentiation in the degree of toxicity of chemical compounds
      constituting MIBA. Merthiolate had the strongest irreversible lethal effect. The
      technique can prove useful for more accurate evaluation of toxicity in
      inactivated bacterial and viral vaccines as well as in serum preparations. Cell
      culture can be successfully used for the detection of toxic components in
      vaccines and serum drugs, with the final safety tested by their injection to
      animals.

PMID- 3697503
TI  - [Pathomorphosis of experimental pancreatic necrosis treated by a single
      endolymphatic injection of 5-fluorouracil].
AB  - The article describes the morphological basis of the positive effect of the
      treatment of experimental pancreonecrosis, reproduced on dogs, by single
      endolymphatic injection of 5- fluorouracil. The index of the enzymatic activity
      in the pancreas correlated with the morphological data.

PMID- 3697504
TI  - [Morphological research on the effect of vagotomy on the parietal microflora of
      the stomach and duodenum].
AB  - The effect of vagotomy on parietal microflora was studied in intact rats and rats
      with chronic experimental gastric ulcer using stereometry, as well as light,
      transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Vagotomy was found to increase the
      relative amount of parietal microflora on day 30 following denervation,
      especially in the duodenum and pylorus. Chronic gastric ulcers are also
      associated with a rise in the relative amount of parietal microflora.

PMID- 3697505
TI  - [Laser endoscopic destruction of the atrioventricular junction of the heart
      conduction system in an experiment].
AB  - Feasibility and degree of local AV junction destruction were studied prior to the
      induction of complete transversal block on the model of 18 isolated perfused dog
      hearts, using endoscopic laser device, employing cardiofibroscope and laser Ne:
      YAG. Morphological pattern in the destruction zone is presented. The technique
      and device can be used for transvenous AV junction destruction.

PMID- 3697506
TI  - Deformability and intrinsic material properties of neonatal red blood cells.
AB  - Whole cell and membrane deformability are essential for red blood cell (RBC)
      survival and for effective blood flow. Neonatal RBCs display several specific
      properties (eg, large size, high hemoglobin F) that could influence their
      deformation characteristics and contribute to their shortened life span. The
      present study was designed to compare selected rheologic properties (cellular
      deformability, pressure required to aspirate RBC into micropipettes, static and
      dynamic viscoelastic material properties) of neonatal and adult RBCs. RBC
      deformability, as studied by a rheoscope, was similar for neonates and adults
      over a shear stress range of 2.5 to 500 dyn/cm2. The pressure required to
      aspirate RBCs completely into 3.3-micron diameter pipettes was 129 +/- 87 dyn/cm2
      for neonatal RBCs and 71 +/- 37 dyn/cm2 for adult RBCs. The aspiration pressure
      for neonatal and adult RBCs increased with increasing RBC volume, suggesting that
      the increased mean aspiration pressure for neonatal RBCs resulted from their
      larger volume. When RBCs with same volume and diameter were compared, the
      aspiration pressure tended to be smaller for neonatal RBCs than for adult cells.
      To characterize material properties determining RBC deformability, we measured
      membrane extensional (shear) and bending elastic moduli, the time constant for
      elastic recovery from extensional deformation and hemoglobin viscosity (ie,
      cytoplasmic viscosity) of neonatal and adult RBCs. Membrane surface viscosity and
      time constant for recovery from bending deformation were calculated. The
      extensional and bending moduli of neonatal RBCs were slightly smaller (10% and
      16%, respectively) compared with adult cells. This suggests that the static
      resistance of neonatal RBC membrane to deformation and failure in response to a
      given force is slightly smaller. The time constant for recovery from extensional
      deformation of neonatal RBCs was larger by 14%, compared with adult cells. The
      time constant for bending deformation related to the RBC diameter and surface
      area was increased by 18% in the neonates. Membrane surface viscosity and
      hemoglobin viscosity were similar for both cell types. These results indicate
      that the deformability and viscoelastic properties of neonatal RBCs deviate only
      slightly from those of adult RBCs and that the increased aspiration pressure of
      neonatal RBCs is solely due to their large size. Some of the specific deformation
      characteristics observed in this study (increased aspiration pressure, decreased
      resistance to elastic deformation) may contribute to the shortened life span of
      neonatal RBCs.

PMID- 3697507
TI  - Differentiation of cellular processes involved in the induction and maintenance
      of stimulated neutrophil adherence.
AB  - Neutrophil adherence stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) was
      investigated by quantitating the attachment of 51Cr-labeled neutrophils to
      plastic surfaces and to the endothelium of umbilical veins mounted in
      compartmentalized Lucite chambers. PMA-induced adherence could be functionally
      separated into an induction phase requiring cellular metabolism and a Mg++
      dependent maintenance phase that was independent of cellular metabolism. Thus,
      metabolic inhibitors (N-ethylmaleimide, 2-deoxyglucose) blocked adherence when
      added to neutrophils prior to PMA, but did not cause detachment of cells adhering
      as a consequence of prior exposure to PMA. PMA failed to induce adherence of
      neutrophils incubated at low (0.4 degree C) temperature, but temperature
      reduction, even for prolonged periods, did not cause detachment of adherent
      cells. Thus, the attractive forces that mediate stimulated adherence persist
      independently of any sustained metabolic response to the inducing stimulus.
      However, removal of Mg++ from the media above adherent cells resulted in
      immediate detachment, indicating that the cation was required for the persistent
      expression or maintenance of the attractive forces involved. The extent of
      stimulated adherence correlated well with the extent of degranulation when rates
      were varied by limiting the incubation time or stimulus concentration. This
      correlation was not absolute; in the absence of Mg++, PMA induced degranulation
      normally but failed to enhance adherence. To explain these findings, we
      investigated the possibility that PMA-stimulated adherence was maintained by Mg++
      dependent cellular adherence molecules released during exocytosis. Supernatants
      of stimulated neutrophils were devoid of adherence-promoting activity, and only
      weak activity was recovered in supernatants of mechanically disrupted
      neutrophils. PMA effectively stimulated the tight adherence of degranulated
      neutrophil cytoplasts to plastic surfaces and did so in the absence of stimulated
      granule enzyme release. Thus, conditions have been identified under which
      degranulation occurs in the absence of adherence (removal of Mg++) and adherence
      occurs without concurrent degranulation. Since neutrophil cytoplasts do contain
      some granule products and granule material can be identified on cytoplast
      membranes, it is possible that degranulation or granule products may be involved
      in the adherent response. However, hyperadherence was shown to develop in the
      absence of de novo degranulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3697508
TI  - Trisomy 4 identifies a subset of acute nonlymphocytic leukemias.
AB  - We present four patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, one M2 and three M4
      French-American-British (FAB) types and one patient with refractory anemia with
      excess of blasts in transformation who at diagnosis had trisomy of chromosome 4
      as the primary karyotypic anomaly. This chromosome anomaly probably defines a
      previously undescribed subset of acute nonlymphoid leukemias. Hematologic
      characteristics commonly found in these patients were dysplastic features of all
      bone marrow lineages, suggesting that trisomy 4-associated disorders involve the
      early myeloid hematopoietic stem cell.

PMID- 3697509
TI  - In vitro release of physically separable factors from monocytes that exert
      opposing effects on erythropoiesis.
AB  - In order to investigate the capacity of monocytes to release erythroid burst
      promoting activity (BPA), we added media conditioned by homologous monocytes to
      both serum-free human and serum-restricted murine marrow culture. We found that
      soluble, membrane vesicle-free culture medium is a potent source of the growth
      factor. On the other hand, monocyte membranes or exfoliated plasma membrane
      vesicles elaborate a factor that inhibits erythroid burst formation by up to
      100%. Inhibitory activity is expressed in a dose-dependent fashion over a wide
      range of concentrations (0.001 to 10 micrograms/mL) tested. Experiments with
      antilymphocyte plasma membrane IgG, which has been shown to neutralize both
      soluble and membrane-bound lymphocyte-derived BPA in human marrow culture,
      indicate that the expression of soluble BPA by monocytes is unaffected by these
      antibodies. Furthermore, while antimembrane IgG is capable of absorbing BPA from
      LCM supernatants, these antibodies are ineffective in removing BPA from MCM
      supernatants, suggesting that these two soluble growth factors may be
      antigenically distinct. Our findings indicate that while monocytes release
      soluble BPA, they are also a source of membrane-associated factors that exert
      inhibitory effects on erythropoiesis in vitro.

PMID- 3697510
TI  - Fibrinopeptide A and the phosphate content of fibrinogen in venous
      thromboembolism and disseminated intravascular coagulation.
AB  - Concentrations of plasma fibrinopeptide A (FPA) were measured by radioimmunoassay
      in 50 patients with venous thromboembolism or disseminated intravascular
      coagulation or both. A consistent discrepancy was observed in values obtained
      with two anti-FPA antisera. Analysis of extracts from plasma of these patients by
      high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed the presence of a
      phosphorylated and an unphosphorylated form of the A peptide. Differences in
      concentrations of FPA measured with the two antisera could be accounted for by
      their different reactivity with phosphorylated FPA (FPA-P). The differences were
      abolished by treatment with alkaline phosphatase. A good correlation was observed
      between the FPA-P content of free A-peptide material and of fibrinogen in plasma
      as determined by HPLC (r = .88, P less than .001, n = 11). In patients with
      elevated FPA levels, the mean FPA-P content of fibrinogen was significantly
      higher (P less than .002, n = 13) than in patients with normal FPA levels (n = 8)
      and in healthy controls (n = 14). Phosphorus in fibrinogen did not correlate with
      fibrinogen degradation products or fibrinogen levels and became normal on
      adequate anticoagulation. Therefore, blood-clotting activation may lead to a high
      phosphate content of fibrinogen and of free FPA in plasma.

PMID- 3697511
TI  - Transcobalamin II deficiency and oral cobalamin therapy.

PMID- 3697512
TI  - A comparison of static cytofluorometry and flow cytometry for the estimation of
      ploidy and DNA replication in human breast cancer.
AB  - 332 primary invasive breast carcinomas were analysed by static cytofluorometry
      and flow cytometry. The ploidy distributions were similar, and 54% of the tumors
      were judged DNA aneuploid by both methods. The coefficient of variation of the G0
      G1 peaks ranged from 2.0 to 8% with both techniques, but the mean was somewhat
      lower with flow cytometry--4.1%, compared to 4.9% for the static measurements.
      The proportion of S-phase cells was possible to estimate from 80% of the flow
      histograms and 70% of the static histograms. S-phase was not estimated from the
      static histograms if less than 150 tumor cells were measured. With 160 tumors S
      phase was measured by both methods. The range was 0 to 27% with the static
      measurements and 0.7 to 25% with flow cytometry. Corresponding mean values were
      7.6% and 8.2%, which are similar to thymidine labeling index results with breast
      cancers reported in some studies. A close correlation was obtained (r = 0.927)
      comparing S-phase fractions estimated from aneuploid tumors with flow cytometry
      and static cytofluorometry if more than 200 cells were measured with the latter.
      The proportion of S-phase cells was significantly lower for the diploid tumors.
      We conclude that both techniques can be useful for the estimation of DNA ploidy
      and replication in human breast cancer.

PMID- 3697513
TI  - Response to endocrine therapy and breast cancer differentiation.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine whether aspects of tumour
      differentiation are associated with response to endocrine therapy in patients
      with advanced breast cancer. The features studied were the histological type,
      grade, and elastosis content of the primary tumours, and the disease-free
      interval. Statistically significant associations were observed between response
      to endocrine therapy and histological grade and disease-free interval. In
      addition, statistically significant associations were observed between
      histological grade and elastosis and disease-free interval. It is concluded that
      tumours which are more highly differentiated have a better chance of responding
      to endocrine therapy.

PMID- 3697514
TI  - Complete response in metastatic breast cancer.

PMID- 3697515
TI  - Incompetent misdemeanants--pseudocivil commitment.
AB  - Prior to Jackson v. Indiana, psychiatric hospitalization of those found to be
      incompetent to stand trial often led to an inordinately long confinement, a
      particularly invidious consequence if the patient had been accused only of a
      misdemeanor. After a highly publicized murder perpetrated by a patient originally
      in this category, New York State instituted a rather cumbersome set of procedures
      designed to assure several layers of review, including involvement of the legal
      system, prior to increasing privileges or discharging someone committed pursuant
      to a criminal court order. The effect of this new law on patient care is examined
      by looking at the hospital course of 52 incompetent misdemeanants at one state
      facility. They are demographically and clinically quite similar to a control
      group of persons civilly committed, except for an increased length of inpatient
      stay. When compared with those sent to the county penitentiary after conviction,
      the study population differs on several important parameters. Looking like a
      patient, the incompetent misdemeanant is, however, treated more as a criminal
      with no indication that public safety is thereby increased or that individual
      therapeutic objectives are enhanced.

PMID- 3697516
TI  - Medical students as child abusers.
AB  - Medical students may abuse pediatric patients. Not only do such students
      represent a hazard to the patient, but they may themselves be seriously ill and
      in need of psychiatric treatment.

PMID- 3697517
TI  - Ethics and the psychiatric determination of competency to be executed.
AB  - For the last several centuries, most jurisdictions using capital punishment have
      had formal or informal rules that prohibit the execution of the mentally ill. In
      this article, the procedures for such exclusions in Florida are examined. The
      article begins by attempting to answer the question of why legislators and
      judges, at least nominally, have prohibited the execution of the mentally ill.
      Next, Florida's criteria for defining and procedures for excluding mentally ill
      prisoners are examined and found to be vague. We then turn attention to the
      ethical problems created by the statute and its implementation that face the
      participating psychiatrists and the profession. These problems are compounded
      because the physician's findings are not acted upon by politically neutral
      authorities and the inmate has no opportunity to challenge the findings with his
      own panel of experts. Finally, since any exclusion of the mentally ill from
      execution is temporary and the patient will be executed if he recovers, the
      dilemmas facing the treatment staff if the death sentence is not commuted to life
      imprisonment before treatment are discussed.

PMID- 3697518
TI  - False accusations of physical and sexual abuse.
AB  - Child sexual abuse is sometimes mistakenly over-reported. This discussion of
      seven cases focuses on one potential area which can generate a substantial
      segment of false positives: conflicted domestic relations litigation situation.
      Such situations generate striking, regressive affect and behavior especially when
      issues of child custody or visitation erupt. Parental regression has been
      discussed in the literature, but children regress too: behavioral symptoms erupt
      with vegetative and social disruption, and instinctual material regarding both
      sex and anger is more accessible to consciousness than is age-appropriate.
      Heightened instinctual forces in children and regressive loosening of pre
      litigation character defenses in adults, both in the context of stressful family
      breakdown, combine to generate genuine perceptions of abuse but invalid reports.

PMID- 3697519
TI  - Violence against animals and people: is aggression against living creatures
      generalized?
AB  - An association between childhood cruelty to animals and dangerous aggression
      against people at a later age could have important implications regarding early
      detection and treatment, preventive psychiatry, and a social ethic that
      encourages positive attitudes toward living creatures in general. Research
      reports in the literature are inconsistent and inconclusive regarding a possible
      relationship between animal cruelty and aggression against people. Although a
      single act is not predictive of another act, a pattern of substantial animal
      abuse may conceivably be associated with a pattern of recurrent violence directed
      against people. In the present study, extensive interview schedules were
      administered to aggressive criminals, nonaggressive criminals, and noncriminals.
      The nature of abuse was described for each subject who gave a history of
      substantial abuse. A clear relationship was found between early substantial abuse
      and recurrent violence against people. Possible explanations for conflicting
      results in the literature are discussed.

PMID- 3697520
TI  - A methodology for predicting the effects of changes in civil commitment decision
      making.
AB  - We review a three-step civil commitment model and formulas for calculating the
      probability of release from commitment and the relative importance of the three
      steps in determining the outcome. New formulas are developed which enable
      predictions to be made about the effects of changes on the outcome of the three
      steps on the release probability. With the use of data from Oregon's civil
      commitment process, we present an example of the application of the methodology
      and conclude with a discussion of its major administrative and research
      implications.

PMID- 3697521
TI  - The role of the psychiatrist in evaluating a prison mental health system in
      litigation.
AB  - Federal courts during the past 14 years have recognized that many prisons in the
      United States have provided constitutionally inadequate medical and psychiatric
      services. Our recent national survey indicates that at least 20 states have had
      at least one part of their correctional system included in a certified class
      action suit that alleged insufficient mental health services for inmates. This
      article reviews the role of the expert psychiatric witness during the phases of
      litigation that involve proposed remedial plans and compliance in implementing
      remedial plans. Available epidemiologic data about psychiatric disorders among
      prison inmates, standards for correctional mental health care, and various mental
      health system models are briefly reviewed. A comprehensive approach to evaluating
      proposed remedial plans and assessing issues of compliance with accepted plans is
      described. Special attention is directed toward psychiatric issues unique to a
      correctional system.

PMID- 3697522
TI  - Chloroform in tap water and human blood.

PMID- 3697523
TI  - Case-control study on cardiovascular function in females with a history of heavy
      exposure to cadmium.

PMID- 3697524
TI  - Cadmium in blood as an indicator of integrated exposure to cadmium in the urban
      population.

PMID- 3697525
TI  - Improved determination of cadmium in blood and plasma by flameless atomic
      absorption spectroscopy.

PMID- 3697526
TI  - Strain differences in excretion of methylmercury in mice.

PMID- 3697527
TI  - Combined effects of n-hexane and toluene on norepinephrine and dopamine levels in
      rat brain tissues after long-term exposures.

PMID- 3697528
TI  - Aquatic toxicity evaluated using human and monkey cell culture assays.

PMID- 3697529
TI  - Toxicity of essential oils on toxigenic and nontoxigenic fungi.

PMID- 3697530
TI  - Treatment of solids and petroleum hydrocarbons in storm runoff with an on-site
      detention basin.

PMID- 3697531
TI  - Degradation of the herbicide propanil in distilled water.

PMID- 3697532
TI  - Soil water samplers in ion balance studies on acidic forest soils.

PMID- 3697533
TI  - Heavy metals in oyster tissue around three coastal marinas.

PMID- 3697534
TI  - Correlations between lead, cadmium, copper, zinc, and iron concentrations in
      frozen tuna fish.

PMID- 3697535
TI  - Copper treatment of the digestive gland of the slug, Arion ater L. 1. Bioassay
      conduction and histochemical analysis.

PMID- 3697536
TI  - Copper treatment of the digestive gland of the slug Arion ater L. 2.
      Morphometrics and histophysiology.

PMID- 3697537
TI  - Fenitrothion and aminocarb residues in water and balsam fir foliage following
      spruce budworm spraying programs in Quebec, 1979 to 1982.

PMID- 3697538
TI  - Charcoal air sampling tube storage stability and desorption efficiencies of 1,2
      dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) and 1,3-dichloropropene (DCP).

PMID- 3697539
TI  - Response of dog tracheal stretch receptors to high frequency oscillations.
AB  - In eight dogs, anaesthetized and spontaneously breathing, we recorded from thin
      vagal filaments action potentials from eight slowly adapting receptors of the
      extrathoracic trachea. The extrathoracic trachea was cut longitudinally and the
      cut-ends of the cartilage corresponding to the site of the receptor in the
      trachealis muscle were stretched sinusoidally at frequencies from 0.5 to 39.5 Hz.
      The number of spikes per cycle decreased with increasing frequency. At the
      highest frequency (40 Hz), stretch receptors still responded to each oscillation,
      with a single action potential. The number of action potentials per second
      increased with increasing frequency. A decrease in smooth muscle tone, following
      vagotomy, decreased the firing of these endings at rates of oscillations below 20
      Hz. Vice-versa, an increase in smooth muscle tone, due to histamine applied
      topically, increased the receptor discharge at rates of oscillations below 8 Hz.
      These results are consistent with an "in-series" arrangement with the muscle
      fibers. The increase in tracheal stretch receptor activity per second as the
      oscillatory frequency increases might explain the inhibitory influences on
      respiration observed with high frequency ventilation.

PMID- 3697540
TI  - Ventilatory response and pattern of breathing during hypercapnia.
AB  - In an attempt to narrow the definition of normal ventilatory response to
      hypercapnia (SVE), we studied 105 healthy Caucasians, aged from 18 to 80 years
      and living at sea level. The mean and SD of SVE were 2.18 +/- 0.77 1 X min-1 X
      mmHg-1 in males and 1.70 +/- 0.74 in females, narrower than the ranges previously
      reported. The 95% tolerance limits were 0.491-3.735 and 0.241-2.963 respectively.
      SVE was correlated with height, body surface area, static and dynamic lung
      volumes (p less than 0.01), age and weight (p less than 0.05). A prediction
      formula for SVE was derived on the basis of FEV1, which of the above parameters
      best correlated with SVE. The separate measurement of the tidal volume and
      frequency changes (SVT, Sf and SVT/Sf) showed that the SVT and SVT/Sf were
      significantly higher in males than in females even after adjustment for lung
      volume (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.02 respectively), suggesting a
      different pattern of response to hypercapnia between the sexes.

PMID- 3697541
TI  - Morphological aspects, classification and epidemiology of emphysema.
AB  - Emphysema is an anatomically defined disorder, which leads to chronic airflow
      obstruction. Airflow obstruction, however, may also result from bronchial
      disease. Pulmonary function tests, as applicable in population studies, do not
      differentiate between anatomical emphysema and other causes of airflow
      obstruction. Standard radiology of the thorax provides a morphological approach,
      but is only indicative of emphysema in advanced cases. Post mortem studies, in
      which emphysema was quantitated, show that age, smoking habits, sex and
      environment factors are important for the prevalence of pulmonary emphysema.

PMID- 3697542
TI  - Data on oxidants and antioxidants.
AB  - The monovalent reduction of O2 gives rise to highly reactive O2 intermediates,
      such as superoxide radical (O2-.), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical
      (OH.), as well as to singlet O2 (1O2). These O2 metabolites are capable of acting
      on several groups of substances: enzymes to inactivate them, polyunsaturated
      fatty acids to form lipid peroxides and DNA to cause single strand breaks and
      mutations. There are, however, several lines of antioxidant defences, which can
      be enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) or non
      enzymatic (glutathione, vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, etc.). These defences
      are necessary to protect the cell against the intracellular or extracellular
      generation of O2 metabolites. Since O2 intermediates can affect the general
      cellular metabolism and inhibit cell replication or reduce protein synthesis, all
      the biological effects of O2 and its metabolites should therefore be considered
      in the pathogenesis of emphysematous lesions in the lung.

PMID- 3697544
TI  - Past, present and future of the therapy of emphysema.
AB  - Senile atrophic emphysema was for a long time a term used to describe the
      pulmonary structure of elderly people. Since emphysema occurs mostly in elderly
      people, it was understood as the premature occurrence of a more or less normal
      ageing process. Therefore, almost no therapy seemed to be possible. Later
      emphysema was thought to be the consequence of airway obstruction, where the
      narrowed bronchi behave as check valves, so that the trapped air leads to
      overinflation and rupture of the alveoli. Thus bronchodilators were tried in the
      prevention of emphysema. This concept was partially successful, but also without
      bronchial obstruction emphysema can develop and progress. Experiments by Gross
      suggested that emphysema is a self-digesting process in the course of
      inflammatory defence of the body. Thus the inflammatory process itself became the
      target of the therapy. Additional therapy was tried by teaching special types of
      breathing and by breathing exercises, but had rather small success. Today our
      interest is focused on the imbalance of oxidants and antioxidants as the main
      reason for the self-digesting process. We hope to correct this imbalance, but we
      must be careful not to block a useful defence mechanism of the body.

PMID- 3697543
TI  - In vivo oxidants and pulmonary inflammation.
AB  - Endotoxemia is used as a model of the adult respiratory distress syndrome in
      chronically instrumented awake sheep. The toxic effects of endotoxin may be
      mediated through inflammatory cells and the release of toxic oxidants. N
      acetylcysteine (NAC) inhibits the in vivo effects of endotoxemia in chronically
      instrumented unanesthetized sheep. NAC also functions as a free radical scavenger
      in vitro. It is possible that the protective effects of pretreatment with NAC
      result from NAC's ability in vivo to protect against local oxidant injury.

PMID- 3697545
TI  - Modulation of pneumotoxicity by cellular glutathione and precursors.
AB  - The maintenance of intracellular glutathione levels is essential for both the
      normal functioning of cells and their protection from both intra- and
      extracellularly derived oxidative damages. As the lungs are exposed both to
      airborne reactive xenobiotic agents and to inflammatory stress, which may cause
      severe localized depletions of intracellular glutathione (GSH) with resultant
      pathological changes, we have studied the potential of the drug N-acetylcysteine
      (NAC) as a pneumoprotective agent both in vitro and in vivo. These studies have
      demonstrated that, depending upon the route of administration, NAC may elicit
      pneumoprotection through a number of distinct mechanisms. NAC may protect
      cellular integrity by competing with intracellular GSH and reacting directly with
      potentially toxic agents by spontaneous conjugation and/or reduction. However,
      when NAC is given orally, in doses similar to those currently used in the
      treatment of chronic obstructive airways disease, its poor bioavailability, due
      probably to extensive first-pass metabolism, makes it unlikely that it is
      available to organs such as the lung for direct scavenging activity. Despite
      this, oral NAC may elicit pneumoprotection through a 'prodrug' mechanism,
      supporting circulatory GSH levels through extensive metabolism to cysteine in the
      gut. This effect may mimic existing homeostatic mechanisms for the control of
      circulatory GSH levels during peripheral inflammation.

PMID- 3697546
TI  - Bronchial responsiveness in asthmatic children aged 3 to 8 years measured by
      forced pseudo-random noise oscillometry.
AB  - With the forced pseudo-random noise oscillation technique (FOT), resistance (Rrs)
      and reactance (Xrs) of the respiratory system can be measured simultaneously over
      a frequency spectrum of 2-26 Hz. As only passive cooperation of the child is
      needed, FOT is suitable for lung function measurements from the age of 2 1/2
      years. Hence bronchial responsiveness can be measured in children who are not yet
      able to perform spirometry or flow-volume curves. We compared bronchial
      responsiveness to histamine and methacholine obtained with FOT. Threshold dose or
      provocative dose to histamine and methacholine showed a close correlation in
      asthmatic children aged 3.6 to 7.8 years. The 24 hour interval within-subject
      reproducibility of threshold dose and provocative dose to histamine in asthmatic
      children aged 3.9 to 8.5 years proved to be good. Bronchial responsiveness to
      histamine or methacholine measured by FOT was not influenced by baseline lung
      function or by bronchial smooth muscle tone.

PMID- 3697547
TI  - Intraindividual variation and effect of learning in lung function examinations. A
      population study.
AB  - The aims of this study were to analyse the influence of co-operation and
      instruction on inter-and intraindividual variations of normal lung function and
      to provide reference values for intraindividual variation. A sample of 125 non
      smokers (age 30-70 yr) representative of the population of Copenhagen were
      studied with spirometry, complete and partial flow-volume curves, nitrogen
      washout volume, volume of trapped gas and transfer factor. The examination was
      repeated 0.5-6 months later for 112 of the individuals. Much of the variance
      observed at the first examination, i.e. interindividual variation, could be
      accounted for by the sex, age, height and weight of the individuals, whereas
      differences in individual motivation, social status, the ability of the
      technicians to instruct during the examination and interactions induced by the
      subject and the technician being of the same or of opposite sex were negligible.
      The intraindividual difference between the second and the first examinations were
      very small. Factors such as the subjects' sex, age, height, weight, social
      status, motivation, whether the examination was conducted by the same or a
      different technician at the two examinations, and whether the interval of time
      between the two examinations was short or long, were insignificant. It is
      concluded that while much of the interindividual variance of a lung function test
      is influenced by a variety of confounding factors, the intraindividual variation
      is not. Reference values for intraindividual variation are given.

PMID- 3697548
TI  - Apical structure of human respiratory cilia.
AB  - The apical structure of human respiratory cilia was studied using thin and thick
      sectioning techniques. The distal end of the mature cilium is narrowed and
      presents dense material and a crown-shaped glycocalyx. The crown is composed of
      three to seven bristles, having a mean length of 31 nm and showing a periodic
      structure. The capping structure of the apical part of human respiratory cilia is
      composed of a plate and an electron-dense cap tightly bound to the central and to
      each of the nine peripheral A microtubules. Lateral spokes link the peripheral
      microtubules to the internal ciliary plasma membrane and dense filaments radiate
      from the dense cap to the ciliary crown. These ciliary apical structures may be
      involved in several functions associated with microtubule assembly as well as
      ciliary movement and mucociliary transport.

PMID- 3697549
TI  - A computerized method for measuring respiratory mechanics during mechanical
      ventilation.
AB  - In order to monitor respiratory mechanics in anesthetized ventilated subjects, an
      automated method was developed and tested on a physical model. The model was
      composed of an endotracheal tube (curvilinear resistance) coupled to a rigid air
      filled box (elastance). Theoretical resistance was determined during steady-state
      flow experiments and theoretical elastance was estimated from the dimensions of
      the box. The physical model was connected to a volume-cycled ventilator. Pressure
      (P) and air flow (V) were measured at the outlet of the tube, and the time
      integral V of V was calculated. Elastance (E) and curvilinear resistance (R +
      K/V/) were identified by multiple linear regression analysis, for each
      ventilatory cycle, according to equation P = EV + RV + K/V/V. When linear
      regression analysis of P on V, V and /V/V was performed over the entire
      ventilatory cycle, E was found equal to its estimate, whereas R and K appeared
      different from their theoretical values. In order to improve determination of R
      and K, resistive pressure (Pr = P - EV) was calculated using the previously
      obtained value of E, and multiple linear regression of Pr on V and /V/V was
      performed over different fractions of the ventilatory cycle. When determined over
      the expiratory phase corresponding to decreasing flows, R and K were found close
      to their expected values. Such a method to calculate elastance and curvilinear
      resistance should prove convenient and efficient in measuring respiratory
      mechanics during mechanical ventilation.

PMID- 3697551
TI  - Graduate education in the history of medicine: North America.

PMID- 3697550
TI  - [Effect of inhalation of hair spray on the rat respiratory system].
AB  - A study of the effects of inhaled hair-spray was performed on 118 specific
      pathogen free male Wistar rats (71 test animals and 47 controls). Rats were
      exposed for 5 min, three times a day, five days per week, during one to eight
      weeks, in two plexiglas chambers, one for controls and one for test animals. The
      chambers were 20 1 in size, but only the noses of the animals were exposed to
      ambiant air or to a hair-spray aerosol polluted atmosphere. In the test chamber,
      the hair-spray was aerosolized for 30 s at the beginning of each exposure, using
      about 30 g of nebulized product. This hair-spray amount was high, although non
      lethal (70% of DL0, 45% of DL50 and 26% of DL100). The hair-spray exposed rats
      exhibited significant modifications in the antixenic defence mechanisms of their
      respiratory system: diminished ciliary activity of the tracheal epithelium (
      26%), increased number of harvested pulmonary macrophages (+52%), but decreased
      phagocytic ability of these cells (-8%). However we did not observe histologic
      differences in the respiratory system of exposed and control rats.

PMID- 3697552
TI  - Model for chemotactic bacterial bands.

PMID- 3697553
TI  - A model for cooperative ligand binding at complementary sites of DNA.

PMID- 3697554
TI  - An equation for flow in the renal proximal tubule.

PMID- 3697555
TI  - Existence of steady-state probability distributions in multilocus models for
      genotype evolution.

PMID- 3697556
TI  - Dominance of geometric over elastic factors in pulse transmission through
      arterial branching.

PMID- 3697557
TI  - Craniofacial osteotomies to facilitate skull base tumour resection.
AB  - In order to expose deeply situated tumours of the skull base in various regions,
      the concept of osteotomies of segments of the facial skeleton has been developed.
      The portion of skeleton overlying the tumour is removed, the lesion is resected
      and the removed bony structure is then reinserted. This has greatly facilitated
      tumour removal in difficult areas. The advantages of this approach are, to the
      surgeon, total en bloc resection of deeply situated tumours with few
      complications; for the patient, an improvement in the quality of the aesthetic
      result following resection of recurrent or potentially lethal tumours.

PMID- 3697558
TI  - Reconstruction of the ala nasi and the tip of the nose by means of an alar
      columellar flap.
AB  - This paper describes a new technique for reconstructing the nasal ala or the tip
      of the nose. It is useful for defects that are too large for closure with
      composite grafts and gives a good aesthetic result as there are no visible scars.
      An understanding of the vascular anatomy of the alar-columellar flap is essential
      if it is to be used successfully.

PMID- 3697559
TI  - The blood supply of the bone component of the compound osteo-cutaneous radial
      artery forearm flap--an anatomical study.
AB  - This paper reports the results of an investigation into the blood supply of that
      portion of the distal radius which may be incorporated into the fasciocutaneous
      radial artery forearm flap. The findings demonstrate that when detached from its
      medullary blood supply, this segment of bone is supplied predominantly by two
      fascioperiosteal branches of the radial artery augmented by a musculoperiosteal
      plexus at the site of attachment of flexor pollicis longus.

PMID- 3697560
TI  - The effect on the ear of late closure of the cleft hard palate.
AB  - Thirty-three patients with cleft palate are reviewed. The late effects on the ear
      of delayed closure of the hard palate after early soft palate repair are compared
      with the results of simultaneous early closure of both hard and soft palate
      clefts. Delayed closure of the hard palate does not affect the incidence of
      otitis media, the number of insertions of ventilation tubes or the findings on
      otoscopy. The prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss is significantly raised by
      late closure of the hard palate. The reason for this is unknown.

PMID- 3697561
TI  - Three-dimensional nasal morphology in adult bilateral cleft palate patients: a
      morphanalytic study.
AB  - The residual anomalies of the soft and hard tissues of the nose were studied in a
      group of adult bilateral cleft palate patients. Standard morphanalytic techniques
      were used to produce objective and accurate pictorial representations of the mean
      nasal deformities in three dimensions. The spatial positions of these mean
      outlines were tested statistically against normal means. Mean bilateral cleft
      nasal outlines were shown to have symmetric lateral and superior displacement of
      both alae with nasal blunting and retrusion and rounding of the nasal dorsum. The
      analytic techniques used indicated that the reduction in the depth of the
      external nose was confined to its posterior part. The presence of a palatal cleft
      in conjunction with the bilateral labial cleft only slightly increased the degree
      of deformity. In the case of asymmetrically incomplete bilateral clefts the nasal
      deformity in adulthood retained certain asymmetric features.

PMID- 3697562
TI  - The anatomy of the thoracodorsal artery within the latissimus dorsi muscle.
AB  - This paper reports the findings of an anatomical study of the primary and
      secondary muscular branches of the thoracodorsal artery within the latissimus
      dorsi muscle. Twenty latissimus dorsi muscles were studied, harvested from 13
      fresh cadavers and the findings support the hypothesis that it is possible to
      thin safely a latissimus dorsi muscle flap at the time of flap transfer.

PMID- 3697563
TI  - The thinned latissimus dorsi free flap: a case report.
AB  - The clinical use of a thinned free vascularised latissimus dorsi muscle flap is
      described. The ability to thin successfully the latissimus dorsi muscle flap at
      the time of transfer has extended its clinical use to include such recipient
      sites as the face, anterior tibial region and dorsum of the foot.

PMID- 3697564
TI  - Surgery for the psyche: a longitudinal study of women undergoing reduction
      mammoplasty.
AB  - This study suggests that surgery is effective in relieving the psychological
      distress of women requesting reduction mammoplasty for minimal deformity. Eleven
      young women who applied for operation on the NHS completed measures of
      psychoneurosis, mood, self-esteem and body perception. Prior to operation they
      had a distorted body image, low self-esteem and abnormal psychoneurotic profiles.
      Following surgery body image returned to a normal range; their self-confidence,
      and view of their femininity and sexual attractiveness were also enhanced.
      Improvement was maintained during 6 months of follow-up. These results have
      implications for the NHS provision of cosmetic surgery for such patients.

PMID- 3697565
TI  - Some aspects of the burned little finger.
AB  - Compared with the other fingers, the little finger is more often and more
      severely involved by flame and flash burns. The post-burn sequelae found in this
      finger are described and the resulting impairment of hand function highlighted.
      It is suggested that more attention should be paid to the post-burn problems of
      this finger.

PMID- 3697566
TI  - Nerve capping in the treatment of troublesome terminal neuromata.
AB  - Substantial relief in the treatment of painful terminal neuromata can be obtained
      by microsurgically "capping" the exposed nerve end with a free nerve graft after
      resection of the neuroma.

PMID- 3697567
TI  - The place of plastic surgery in the undergraduate surgical curriculum.
AB  - This paper reports the findings of a national survey of Medical Schools and
      Plastic Surgery Units. The survey has shown that plastic surgery is included in
      the undergraduate curriculum of 78% of the Medical Schools in the United Kingdom,
      and that this teaching load is shared by 77% of the Plastic Surgery Units in the
      United Kingdom. The results of a survey of medical students from the University
      of Oxford are also presented.

PMID- 3697568
TI  - Ptosis with blepharophimosis and epicanthus inversus.
AB  - The rare syndrome which includes ptosis, blepharophimosis and epicanthus inversus
      is recorded in one family through five generations. The genetic significance of
      the syndrome is emphasised and the literature on the surgical management of the
      condition reviewed.

PMID- 3697569
TI  - Knee joint salvage utilising a plantar musculocutaneous island pedicle flap.
AB  - A young adult male presented with an open tibia-fibula fracture, extensive
      circumferential soft tissue loss and exposed bone. Although the fracture sites
      were stabilised by an external fixator, chronic infection complicated this 2-week
      old wound. Treatment by amputation was elected. Local skin alone was inadequate
      for coverage of a preferred below-knee amputation. As an alternative to above
      knee amputation, the patient underwent coverage of a below-knee amputation using
      a musculocutaneous island pedicle flap of sensate plantar skin and muscle.

PMID- 3697570
TI  - Coverage of the degloved thumb with twin neurovascular island flaps: a case
      report.
AB  - A simple and useful method is described for resurfacing a distal phalanx of the
      degloved thumb with twin neurovascular island flaps from the ulnar and radial
      aspects of the middle and ring fingers respectively. It provides protective
      sensation and an acceptable cosmetic result.

PMID- 3697571
TI  - Meningocele communicating to the lower eyelid discovered during removal of
      xanthelasmata.
AB  - A patient with an undetectable meningocele communicating with the lower eyelid is
      reported. The condition was first suspected during surgical removal of
      xanthelasmata when liquorrhoea was observed. The diagnosis was confirmed by
      computer tomography.

PMID- 3697572
TI  - The immobilisation of cross arm flaps.

PMID- 3697574
TI  - A scalpel handle with electrocoagulating forceps.

PMID- 3697573
TI  - Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: the problems of surgical management.
AB  - This paper reports the findings of a study of five patients each of whom had a
      dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. The difficulties encountered in making an
      accurate clinical diagnosis and ensuring adequate surgical excision of this
      uncommon skin tumour are discussed. Recommendations are made on methods designed
      to reduce the high recurrence rate normally associated with this locally
      aggressive tumour.

PMID- 3697575
TI  - A modification of the Kilner-Dott mouth gag for improving exposure to the
      nasopharyngeal area.
AB  - A simple modification of the Kilner-Dott retractor consisting of a blade
      retractor and a mounting is described. It improves access to the posterior wall
      of the nasopharynx.

PMID- 3697576
TI  - Long-term survey of prominent ear surgery: a comparison of two methods.
AB  - A retrospective study was undertaken of 191 patients under the age of 16, who
      underwent surgery during the period 1974 to 1978. Using questionnaires,
      acceptance of the 2 most used methods, the Mustarde technique (45 cases) and the
      anterior scoring (101 cases), was assessed and the case sheets of the involved
      patients were collected. Though there was no difference in the final acceptance
      of both methods, a significantly larger number of cases treated with the Mustarde
      technique needed re-operation. The use of non-absorbable material (white silk)
      was the cause of stitch complications in this method.

PMID- 3697577
TI  - The nature and timing of surgery in cleft lip and palate patients. Report of a
      meeting held in London on 25 February 1985.

PMID- 3697578
TI  - The Northwick Park Study of first episodes of schizophrenia. I. Presentation of
      the illness and problems relating to admission.
AB  - Patients referred over 28 months from nine medical centres for a trial of
      prophylactic neuroleptic medication following first episodes of schizophrenic
      illness (462) were assessed with the Present State Examination, WHO scales for
      disability, past history, and sociodemographic factors, and a rating of disturbed
      behaviour; 253 fulfilled the study criteria; of the 209 who did not, 54 did not
      meet the diagnostic criteria, 65 had a history of a previous episode, and in 15
      the psychotic illness was found to have an organic basis. The interval between
      onset of illness and admission varied widely, but was often more than one year
      and associated with severe behavioural disturbance and family difficulty e.g. in
      arranging appropriate care. Current arrangements for initiating management of
      first schizophrenic illnesses are frequently unsatisfactory.

PMID- 3697579
TI  - Expressed emotion and relapse.
AB  - The relatives of 82 patients in a study of first episodes of schizophrenia were
      interviewed within six weeks of the index admission; 77 patients were
      subsequently discharged, and were followed to relapse or readmission. Analysis of
      relapse-free survival time was used to examine whether the components of
      'expressed emotion' predicted relapse or response to neuroleptic medication:
      'critical comments' by relatives was the only component present often enough to
      be used and was inversely related to 'social contact'. When preadmission duration
      of illness, and neuroleptic medication following discharge (identified previously
      as significant predictors of outcome) were taken into account, neither 'critical
      comments' nor 'social contact' were related to outcome nor to response to
      medication. The constellation of factors suggested as pathogenic was present only
      in a minority of cases: many patients lived alone and of those that were with
      families, most were not in high face-to-face contact with other members. The
      failure of the components of 'expressed emotion' to predict outcome or response
      to neuroleptic medication suggests that at best, such factors are weak predictors
      of liability to relapse. Their influence is unlikely to be comparable in
      magnitude to that of neuroleptic medication.

PMID- 3697580
TI  - The 'Italian Experience' reconsidered.
AB  - Our analysis of the problems of the Italian psychiatric services has drawn a
      lively correspondence challenging our findings. In September 1985, we undertook a
      second study tour in Italy. This is now reported, with notes on specific
      criticisms of the earlier paper.

PMID- 3697581
TI  - The general hospital psychiatrist: too many tasks and too few roles?
AB  - What should the general hospital psychiatrist do, and how should he do it? In
      psychiatric settings, psychiatrists may legitimately confine their attention to
      those patients whose disorders can be classified according to ICD-9, but in
      general hospital settings, the same approach defines a very restricted range of
      activities. Evidence is reviewed which highlights the differences between
      psychiatric disorders encountered in psychiatric hospitals and those found in
      primary care or general hospital settings. Different activities proposed for the
      general hospital psychiatrist, and the results of research comparing these, are
      reviewed. A recent study is discussed in which alteration of the psychiatrist's
      method of practice in a general medical unit produced considerable changes in the
      pattern of psychiatric referrals. Evaluation of the efficacy of their
      interventions should remain the ultimate goal of general hospital psychiatrists.
      This can be adequately undertaken only by means of better understanding of the
      process by which general hospital patients attract psychiatric referral.

PMID- 3697582
TI  - An evaluation of a time-limited programme of dynamic group psychotherapy.
AB  - The outcome for a group of outpatients treated daily for 12 weeks in a dynamic
      group psychotherapy programme, was evaluated on both objective and subjective
      parameters. In the post-therapy year, the majority (82%) reduced their dependence
      on psychiatric services and showed considerable change in self-satisfaction, as
      assessed by an attitude test. Those available for follow-up three years later had
      maintained the change. There was a sub-group of patients (17%) who demonstrated
      an increase in service use in the post-therapy year.

PMID- 3697583
TI  - Parental loss by death in the early childhood of depressed patients and of their
      healthy siblings.
AB  - The incidence of parental loss by death before the age of 15 was investigated in
      a series of 200 depressed patients, sub-divided into unipolars, bipolars and
      neurotic-reactive depressives, and in their healthy siblings at risk. The age of
      onset of illness of patients who had lost a parent before 15 was compared with
      that of depressed controls. No excess of parental loss at any age was found in
      any of the patient sub-groups, as compared with their healthy siblings, nor did
      parental loss affect the age of onset of later depression. The results do not
      support the assumption that the loss of either parent by death in early childhood
      is significantly associated with depression in adult life, though parental death
      may be an important variable for individual patients.

PMID- 3697584
TI  - Perceived depriving parental rearing and depression.
AB  - Four groups of depressed patients 47 unipolars, 21 bipolars, 34 with neurotic
      reactive depression, and 39 with unspecified depressive disorder completed, after
      recovery, the EMBU, a Swedish instrument aimed at assessing the experience of
      parental rearing practices. The results for three factors: "rejection",
      "emotional warmth" and "over-protection" and the global judgement scores of
      "severity" and "consistency" in rearing attitudes were compared with those
      obtained from 205 healthy individuals. Depressed patients, particularly in the
      unipolar unspecified groups rated both parents lower than the controls on
      emotional warmth. Patients tended also to rate their parents as less consistent
      in their rearing attitudes. The variables emotional warmth and overprotection
      allowed 64% of the patients and 72 of the unipolar depressives to be classified
      correctly. These results, like those of previous studies, support the hypothesis
      that deprivation of love during childhood represents an important psychological
      risk factor in the background of depressive disorders.

PMID- 3697585
TI  - Affective disorder amongst women in the general population: a longitudinal study.
AB  - This paper reports upon a longitudinal general population survey of psychiatric
      disorder among a sample of women in Edinburgh. The course and outcome of the
      identified disorders, defined according to the RDC, are described. In addition
      the report documents the consequence, for the description of episodes, of
      adopting a diagnostic scheme which embodies hierarchical and inter-episode
      interval rules. Estimates of disease rates per year revealed a period prevalence
      of RDC disorder of 25.2% (17.6% depressive and 7.6% anxiety disorder) and an RDC
      new episode inception rate of 12.6%. In spite of the evident nontrivial nature of
      these conditions, and of the extent to which they were found to endure, contact
      with the psychiatric services was found to be minimal.

PMID- 3697586
TI  - Hospital doctors' management of psychological problems.
AB  - Psychological and social difficulties are common amongst both medical and
      surgical patients, but psychiatrists are able to see only a very small
      proportion, and though hospital doctors have the main responsibility for
      psychological treatment, very little is known of what they actually do.
      Physicians and surgeons in Oxford answered a questionnaire on their attitudes and
      clinical practice: virtually all believed that emotional care is important, but
      what they do and what they would like to do in the assessment, treatment, and
      referral of their patients varied widely. There were associations with the extent
      of responsibility for chronic care, speciality, and seniority.

PMID- 3697587
TI  - 49, XXXXY chromosome anomaly: an unusual variant of Klinefelter's syndrome.

PMID- 3697588
TI  - 49, XXXYY chromosome anomaly in a mentally retarded man.
AB  - A case of 49, XXXYY chromosome anomaly in an adult male is reported. Features of
      Klinefelter's syndrome are predominant among the clinical findings.
      Characteristics suggestive of acromegaly have been associated with this
      chromosomal anomaly. Despite prognathism and an overhanging brow, acromegaly was
      not present in this case. Psychological traits sometimes reported in males with
      the XXY and XYY karyotypes were seen in this patient, but the variability of
      expression of these characteristics calls into question the validity of their
      correlation with the presence of supernumerary sex chromosomes.

PMID- 3697589
TI  - Koro--a psychophysiological dysfunction?

PMID- 3697590
TI  - First episodes of schizophrenia.

PMID- 3697591
TI  - Monoamine oxidase inhibitors.

PMID- 3697592
TI  - Cyproheptadine and antidepressant-induced anorgasmia.

PMID- 3697593
TI  - Depression and urinary free cortisol.

PMID- 3697594
TI  - Training responses of two age groups during treadmill walking.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to use a previously developed treadmill
      walking test to determine training-induced changes within and between two groups
      of untrained men during a six week training period. One group consisted of seven
      middle-aged (mean age, 41.3 yr), and the second group consisted of seven young
      adult (mean age, 19.9 yr), men. Heart rates following training were significantly
      lower at all work intensities for the middle-aged men (p less than 0.005) whilst
      for the young adults only the 12.5% and 15% (p less than 0.025) work levels were
      significantly lower. Blood lactic acid concentrations (p less than 0.005),
      Respiratory Exchange Ratios (p less than 0.05), Ventilatory Equivalents (p less
      than 0.005) and mean Two Mile times (p less than 0.005) were all significantly
      lower after training for the older age group but this was not so for the younger
      adult group. The oxygen cost of the walking test was lower for four of the
      workloads of the middle-aged, but only for the final workload (p less than 0.005)
      for the young adults, after training. The performance test did not disadvantage
      the middle-aged subjects yet the results demonstrated that the test provided a
      common means of reflecting the training state of the two groups whether the level
      of activity took place on the treadmill or on the track.

PMID- 3697595
TI  - Stress fractures of the femoral shaft--four case studies.

PMID- 3697596
TI  - A hydrostatic weighing method using total lung capacity and a small tank.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to establish the validity and reliability of a
      hydrostatic weighing method using total lung capacity (measuring vital capacity
      with a respirometer at the time of weighing) the prone position, and a small
      oblong tank. The validity of the method was established by comparing the TLC
      prone (tank) method against three hydrostatic weighing methods administered in a
      pool. The three methods included residual volume seated, TLC seated and TLC
      prone. Eighty male and female subjects were underwater weighed using each of the
      four methods. Validity coefficients for per cent body fat between the TLC prone
      (tank) method and the RV seated (pool), TLC seated (pool) and TLC prone (pool)
      methods were .98, .99 and .99, respectively. A randomised complete block ANOVA
      found significant differences between the RV seated (pool) method and each of the
      three TLC methods with respect to both body density and per cent body fat. The
      differences were negligible with respect to HW error. Reliability of the TLC
      prone (tank) method was established by weighing twenty subjects three different
      times with ten-minute time intervals between testing. Multiple correlations
      yielded reliability coefficients for body density and per cent body fat values of
      .99 and .99, respectively. It was concluded that the TLC prone (tank) method is
      valid, reliable and a favourable method of hydrostatic weighing.

PMID- 3697597
TI  - Ruptured semimembranosus bursa--an unusual complication following sports injury
      of the knee.
AB  - An exceptional complication of a slight sports injury of the knee with rupture of
      the semimembranosus bursa in a 29-year-old male football player is reported. The
      diagnosis was verified by immediate arthrography, consequently the possibility of
      thrombophlebitis could be ruled out. Anticoagulation is dangerous and
      contraindicated in rupture of the semimembranosus bursa due to the risk of
      developing compartment syndrome. Simple bed-rest for a week gave complete relief
      of pain.

PMID- 3697598
TI  - Peak oxygen uptake in arm ergometry: effects of testing protocol.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to determine if a new proposed arm
      ergometer protocol was advantageous in eliciting higher peak oxygen uptake (peak
      VO2) when compared with two protocols currently referred to in the literature.
      Ten male subjects were tested on three different exercise protocols; a
      discontinuous test (DT), a continuous test (CT) and a new proposed jump-max test
      (JMT). The CT began at a work rate of 33 watts (W) (40 rpm) with the power output
      (PO) being increased 16 W every 3 minutes. The DT began without resistance on the
      ergometer flywheel (50 rpm) and the work rate was increased by 25 W every 3
      minutes with a 1-minute rest between stages. The JMT began with a 3-minute
      pretest to determine a PO which elicited a HR of 120 +/- 5 beat min-1. After a 2
      minute rest, subjects began exercise at the predetermined work rate (80 rpm) with
      the PO being increased 20 W each minute of the test. Oxygen uptake was measured
      minute by minute via open circuit spirometry. Peak VO2 was higher (p less than
      0.05) in the JMT (mean +/- SEM = 2.36 +/- 0.06 l.min-1) when compared with either
      (means +/- SEM = 2.16 +/- 0.07 l.min-1) or the CT (means +/- SEM = 2.04 +/- 0.10
      l.min-1). No difference (p greater than 0.05) existed in peak VO2 between the CT
      and the DT. These data suggest that the proposed JMT may result in a higher
      measured peak VO2 in subjects when compared with either DT or CT of moderate to
      long duration.

PMID- 3697599
TI  - Exercise intensity and perceived exertion in adolescent boys.
AB  - The rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was assessed at power outputs (PO)
      corresponding to 30%, 60% and 90% of predicted maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) on
      a cycle ergometer in 30 adolescent schoolboys (age range 15-17 years). Analysis
      of correlations (r) for heart rate (HR):PO (r = 0.74 p less than 0.01) and rating
      of perceived exertion (RPE): HR (r = 0.74 p less than 0.01) were similar to
      values drawn from adult samples. It was concluded that there is a close
      relationship between RPE, HR and relative exercise intensity in adolescent
      schoolboys.

PMID- 3697600
TI  - Injury prediction in female gymnasts.
AB  - In order to identify injury-proneness in female competitive gymnasts, 20 measures
      of flexibility, hypermobility, spinal posture and anthropometry were performed on
      40 competitive gymnasts and injury scores were derived from the severity and
      extent of previous gymnastic injury and inherent hypermobility traits. Results
      were compared between contrasting groups of "low" and "high" injury gymnasts
      respectively (both N = 10). Nine variables demonstrated significant differences
      between the "low" and "high" injury risk status groups namely, weight (p less
      than 0.001), height (p less than 0.001), age (p less than 0.001), mesomorphy (p
      less than 0.01), Quetelet Index (p less than 0.01), shoulder flexion (p less than
      0.05) and lumbar extension (p less than 0.05), standing lumbar curvature and
      total peripheral flexibility score (both p less than or equal to 0.05). Multiple
      regression analysis was applied to determine the relative contribution of these
      variables to the estimation of injury-proneness as evidenced by previous history
      of injury and hypermobility traits. Using 9 independent variables, multiple
      regression yielded a multiple correlation coefficient (R) = 0.840, accounting for
      over 70% of the observed variance (R2 = 0.706) in injury scores among the total
      group of gymnasts. However, a subset of five variables, (weight, mesomorphy,
      standing lumbar curvature, age and height) yielded a multiple correlation
      coefficient (R) = 0.834 accounting for almost 70% of the observed variance (R2 =
      0.696). This was not significantly different from the larger subset. Using injury
      classification system of "low", "medium", and "high" risk categories, comparisons
      were made between predicted and observed injury scores in the respective risk
      categories. In "high" risk and "low" risk gymnasts, injury scores could be
      classified correctly with 70% and 79% accuracy respectively, so that relative
      risk status could be determined from simple physical tests which may be employed
      by practitioners in the field.

PMID- 3697601
TI  - Regional rates of sweat evaporation during leg and arm cycling.
AB  - The rate of sweat evaporation from the arm, chest, back and thigh, aural
      temperature, skin temperature (arm, chest, back and thigh), heat production
      (derived from measurements of respiratory gas exchange) and heart rate were
      measured in 7 men during 15 minutes of leg or arm cycling at 32% of predicted
      maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max). The regional sweat evaporation rates and changes
      in body temperature were similar during both forms of exercise. The peak rates of
      sweat evaporation from the arm, chest, back and thigh were 15.7 +/- 19.8, 25.0 +/
      21.6, 28.7 +/- 22.7 and 21.0 +/- 18.2 mg.cm-2 hr-1 during leg cycling and 13.2
      +/- 11.6, 22.2 +/- 14.4, 27.6 +/- 14.7 and 19.2 +/- 13.3 (SD) mg.cm-2 hr-1
      respectively during arm cycling. The sweat evaporation rates from the different
      body regions were not significantly different from one another.

PMID- 3697602
TI  - Swimming experiences and abilities of nine year olds.
AB  - As part of a longitudinal study of children, 941 mothers were asked to report on
      their childrens' swimming experiences and abilities. At age nine, twenty-nine per
      cent of the children could swim only a few strokes or not at all. A
      disproportionate number of children who could swim more than a few strokes came
      from high socio-economic backgrounds, from families where one or more of the
      parents could swim, and which scored higher on an index of active recreational
      orientation. There were no significant sex differences in swimming ability. There
      were 97 incidents reported where a child had been in difficulties while in water
      and had to be rescued. The importance of collecting data on such incidents is
      discussed.

PMID- 3697603
TI  - Responses to arm and leg ergometry.
AB  - Arm (A), leg (L) and combined arm and leg (A + L) ergometry modes were compared
      at power outputs of 49, 73.5 and 98 W. Selected cardiorespiratory variables and a
      rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured for 19 males of mean age 25.7
      (+/- 5.5) years. Oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate (HR), minute ventilation and
      rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were all higher (p less than 0.01) in A
      compared with L and A + L. Gross mechanical efficiency was significantly lower in
      A (p less than 0.01) than in L or A + L. No differences were observed in any
      measurements between L and A + L. the correlations between RPE and
      cardiorespiratory variables were higher for A (RPE:VO2, r = 0.87, p less than
      0.01; RPE:HR, r = 0.78 p less than 0.01) than for L and A + L.

PMID- 3697604
TI  - Serious eye injury, resulting in blindness and enucleation of the damaged eye.

PMID- 3697605
TI  - The epidemiology of ice hockey injuries.
AB  - As part of the injury profylaxes in Denmark a questionnaire investigation was
      undertaken in 14 randomly chosen ice hockey teams--out of 266 players, 210
      answered (79%). The injury incidence per player per 1000 hours was 4.7, i.e. 1.5
      in training and 38.0 in match. Half of the injuries were localised to the head
      (28%) and lower extremities (27%), 19% to the upper extremities and 7% to the
      back. Of these 48% were contusions. Knee and elbow injuries were of longest
      duration. The necessity for increased shock absorption in helmets and barriers as
      well as built-in rotational and collateral stabilizers in the existing knee
      protectors for injury prophylaxis is stressed.

PMID- 3697606
TI  - Radiology in Japan.

PMID- 3697607
TI  - Transcatheter embolisation of arterial aneurysms.
AB  - Eleven cases of bleeding aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms, with and without arterio
      venous fistula, involving different vascular territories were treated by
      transcatheter embolisation and the results are reported. Gelfoam was used in two
      cases and steel coils in the remaining nine cases. Embolisation by the steel-coil
      technique proved to be very efficient. The experience in these 11 cases shows
      that it is usually not necessary to embolize the aneurysm cavity but simply to
      occlude the feeding proximal vessel, consequently sparing the weak aneurysmic
      wall the risk of rupture and allowing the aneurysms to clot as a result of
      reduced or occluded blood flow.

PMID- 3697608
TI  - Radionuclide venography: imaging monitor in deep-vein thrombosis of the pelvis
      and lower extremities.
AB  - Seventy-four adults with documented deep-vein thrombosis of the pelvis and/or
      lower extremities had baseline and follow-up radionuclide venography (RNV),
      giving a total of 171 studies. Fifty-nine of the patients had unilateral venous
      thrombosis, of which 36 (61.0%) involved the left side and 23 (39.0%) the right.
      The higher incidence in the left side was attributed to the longer and more
      horizontal course of the left common iliac vein, as well as to compression by the
      right iliac artery and inguinal ligament. In 13 patients bilateral involvement
      was noted. "Normalisation" of the venous circulatory pattern was characterised by
      recanalisation and partial or significant disappearance of abnormal collaterals.
      This occurred in 43/74 patients. In 24 cases, no change was recorded during the
      interval, while seven patients deteriorated.

PMID- 3697609
TI  - Metastatic deposits from a previously treated carcinoma of the lung presenting as
      a renal cell carcinoma.
AB  - Two patients are presented who had each previously undergone resection of a
      primary lung carcinoma. They later developed the classical triad of loin pain,
      haematuria and an abdominal mass suggestive of a primary renal tumour.
      Investigations, including intravenous urography, ultrasound and renal
      arteriography, supported the diagnosis. However, at operation both patients had
      para-aortic lymph node metastases from the lung carcinoma surrounding the renal
      pedicle and invading the renal parenchyma. It is suggested that further
      investigations might allow pre-operative diagnosis and thus avoid the need for
      surgery in such patients.

PMID- 3697610
TI  - Mammographic changes following radiotherapy.
AB  - Fifty-seven patients with carcinoma of the breast were assessed with serial
      mammograms following local excision and radiotherapy. The mammographic
      appearances due to radiotherapy were categorised and the changes in these with
      the passage of time have been studied. Residual tumour was identified on the
      basis of remaining malignant-type microcalcification. Local recurrence was
      identified on mammography. The most useful signs were the development of a mass
      lesion and the increase or development of malignant-type microcalcification.
      Differentiation of radiotherapy changes from recurrence of carcinoma can be made
      when a reaction that is normally due to radiotherapy occurs to an inappropriate
      degree, or with inappropriate timing.

PMID- 3697611
TI  - Precision of measurement of bone density with a special purpose computed
      tomography scanner.
AB  - A new, special purpose, low-dose computed tomography scanner has been developed
      for the precise measurement of bone density in the distal radius. The instrument
      includes an 125I source and four scintillation detectors which are scanned across
      a section of the forearm to produce a cross-sectional image. A number of
      innovative features have been included to improve patient comfort and scanner
      precision. The reproducibility for trabecular bone measurement was 0.5% for
      repeated scans in 22 subjects. The long-term precision in a group of normal
      subjects was better than 5 mg cm-3. The high precision and the separate
      measurement of trabecular bone make this technique suitable for the longitudinal
      study of bone density in metabolic bone disease.

PMID- 3697612
TI  - The potential accuracy of dual-energy computed tomography for the determination
      of hepatic iron.
AB  - Physical experiments are described which simulated the main practical and
      technical problems encountered in estimating iron concentrations in liver by dual
      energy computed tomography. In aqueous solutions located in an oval water
      phantom, the presence of Fe at concentrations of 1 and 2 mg/ml was detected and
      estimated with good accuracy and reproducibility. The main physical problem was
      that water showed a non-zero dual-energy difference reading whose magnitude
      varied with location, but this potential error was largely eliminated by
      measuring the location-specific water values using a technique readily adapted to
      patient studies. Experiments with pieces of bovine tissue in the same system
      suggested that the dual-energy response shown by liver tissue may include an Fe
      independent contribution, reflecting its organic composition (including fat
      content): if attributed to Fe, this would correspond to an error less than +/- 1
      mg/g wet weight in the evaluation.

PMID- 3697613
TI  - Correlation of human NMR T1 values measured in vivo and brain water content.
AB  - A relationship has been demonstrated between nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
      longitudinal relaxation times (T1 values) obtained in vivo in both normal and
      oedematous (peritumoral) brain tissue, and measurements of brain water obtained
      by gravimetric analysis of operative samples. Significant correlations were found
      in seven patients in both cortex (r = 0.97, P less than 0.001) and white matter
      (r = 0.92, P less than 0.001). These findings suggest that NMR may prove a useful
      technique for monitoring brain oedema.

PMID- 3697614
TI  - A method for increasing the resolution of scanned projection radiography and
      other digital X-ray systems.
AB  - A method for increasing the sampling frequency of digital X-ray systems is
      described. The method employs discrete, stepwise magnetic deflection of the focal
      spot and the recombination of the resulting displaced images. The technique was
      applied to a GE CT/T 8800 scanner operating in "Scout View" mode. The hardware
      and software modifications were minor. The transverse resolution was shown to
      improve from 0.63 to 0.9 line pairs per mm, using a test phantom. The effect of
      the improvement in resolution is also illustrated in the human. The possibility
      of further improving the resolution of the system is discussed.

PMID- 3697615
TI  - Report of a randomised pilot study of the treatment of patients with
      supratentorial gliomas using neutron irradiation.
AB  - A randomised pilot study is reported of d(15)+Be neutrons compared with 4 MV
      photons in the treatment of patients with astrocytoma. Sixteen patients were
      treated by photons and 18 by neutrons. Both treatments were well tolerated by
      patients. The median survival after photons was 11 months and after neutrons, 7
      months. It was demonstrated that four of nine patients treated by neutrons had
      evidence at autopsy of radiation-induced brain damage. All had residual cancer.
      No patient treated by photons had signs of radiation-related morbidity. The trial
      was, therefore, discontinued prematurely.

PMID- 3697616
TI  - Radioiodine treatment of solitary functioning thyroid nodules.
AB  - Forty-eight patients with hyperthyroidism due to a single toxic nodule have been
      treated with radioiodine (131I). The mean follow-up period is 37 months. All
      patients were rendered euthyroid and no cases of hyperthyroidism have been
      observed. Forty patients required only one dose of 131I to render them euthyroid,
      six patients required more than one dose and two patients initially rendered
      euthyroid relapsed during follow-up and required further 131I treatment. It is
      concluded that a single fixed dose of 131I is a simple, effective treatment for a
      solitary toxic thyroid nodule and does not cause hypothyroidism.

PMID- 3697617
TI  - The radiosensitivity of microcolony- and macrocolony-forming cells in mouse tail
      epidermis.
AB  - A new microcolony technique is described for measuring the survival of colony
      forming cells in mouse tail epidermis. The survival curve is characterised by D0
      = 2.70 +/- 0.12 Gy. The number of microcolonies per cm2 is similar to the number
      of macrocolonies after high doses, which shows for the first time that all
      microcolonies (greater than or equal to 32 cells) in epidermis develop into
      macrocolonies. At low doses the number of macrocolonies underestimates the number
      of colony-forming cells because of coalescence of microcolonies to form
      macrocolonies. This results in a lower apparent sensitivity of macrocolony
      forming cells by a factor of about 1.5. About 3% of basal cells in tail epidermis
      appear to be capable of colony formation.

PMID- 3697618
TI  - A modified Selectron vaginal applicator.

PMID- 3697619
TI  - Synovial chondromatosis of the hip joint presenting as a pathological fracture.

PMID- 3697621
TI  - Computed tomographic and pathological findings in pulmonary alveolar
      microlithiasis.

PMID- 3697620
TI  - Diagnosis of spontaneous aorto-caval fistula by computed tomography.

PMID- 3697622
TI  - Psammomatous-like calcification in a Brenner tumour of the ovary.

PMID- 3697623
TI  - Intracranial Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 3697624
TI  - Haematuria: a red herring?

PMID- 3697625
TI  - Field coverage in digital grey-scale fluorography of the chest.

PMID- 3697626
TI  - Renal function following surgical correction of vesico-ureteric reflux in
      childhood.
AB  - To assess the effectiveness of the surgical correction of vesico-ureteric reflux,
      current renal function was determined in 56 children with scarred kidneys who had
      undergone ureteric reimplantation between 1978 and 1983. The children were aged
      between 2 and 15 years, had no coexisting urological disease and a glomerular
      filtration rate (GFR) of less than 90 ml/min/1.73 m2. In the 32 patients who had
      bilateral reimplantation of ureters draining bilaterally scarred kidneys the
      improvement in GFR following surgery was highly significant (P less than 0.001),
      with improvement occurring in 75%. The greatest improvement was in patients where
      the GFR was less than 50 ml/min/1.73 m2 (29%). Individual kidney GFR was
      estimated in 42 kidneys and 81% improved after surgery. This improvement was
      highly significant (P less than 0.001).

PMID- 3697627
TI  - Cystometry: unstable bladder and urinary tract infection.
AB  - In order to study the effect of urinary infections upon the incidence of bladder
      instability during cystometric evaluation, 15 women underwent cystometry during
      the course of significant bacteriuria (10(5) organisms/ml) and again 2 weeks
      after treatment. The pre-treatment incidence of bladder instability (53%) dropped
      by 50% following treatment of the infection but other cystometric measurements
      remained unchanged. Urinary tract infections must be treated adequately before
      treating bladder instability.

PMID- 3697628
TI  - Long-term follow-up of detrusor instability following the colposuspension
      operation.
AB  - Pre- and post-operative clinical and urodynamic data have been reviewed in 24
      women with detrusor instability following colposuspension. Follow-up ranged from
      3 to 5 years. Ten women remained asymptomatic throughout; of the remainder, four
      (28.6%) were improved by drug therapy. With one exception, patients who were
      symptomatic at the outset remained so at late follow-up.

PMID- 3697629
TI  - Coincident vesical transitional cell carcinoma and prostatic carcinoma. Clinical
      features and treatment.
AB  - Twenty-two patients with vesical urothelial carcinoma associated with prostatic
      carcinoma were reviewed. They represented 1.5% of the bladder and prostatic
      tumours treated in our department within a 12-year period from 1968 to 1979.
      Their management included several treatment policies, based on the separate
      assessment of each tumour variant. For non-infiltrating bladder tumours,
      transurethral tumour resection was combined with hormonal treatment, external
      radiotherapy or resection of the prostate depending on the stage of the prostatic
      tumour. Radical cystoprostatectomy was performed for two cases of infiltrating
      bladder tumour with well localised prostatic tumours. A conservative primary
      approach seems justifiable in the management of double carcinoma of the bladder
      and prostate. The coincidence of bladder urothelial carcinoma and prostatic
      carcinoma per se is not an adverse prognostic factor; prognosis is more closely
      related to the pathological stage and grade of the bladder tumour.
      Cystoprostatectomy for patients with infiltrating bladder tumours could be
      curative, in selected cases, for the prostatic cancer as well.

PMID- 3697630
TI  - Factors influencing post-operative hospital stay after transurethral resection of
      the prostate gland.
AB  - The influence of 12 clinical and social factors on the length of post-operative
      stay in hospital after transurethral resection of the prostate was investigated
      in 100 patients. Using a multiple binary regression analysis, the factors
      significantly associated with a post-operative stay exceeding 6 days were:
      patient's age greater than 70 years (P less than 0.005), the presence of existing
      cardiovascular disease (P less than 0.005) and the weight of the prostate gland
      resected greater than 10 g (P less than 0.005). The first two factors are useful
      in providing a prediction of prolonged post-operative stay. The results indicate
      that those factors associated with a prolonged post-operative stay are beyond the
      control of the clinician.

PMID- 3697631
TI  - Incidental carcinoma of the prostate: factors influencing prognosis.
AB  - Thirty-four patients with TO carcinoma of the prostate were reviewed in an
      attempt to correlate their clinical progress with the histopathological features
      of the tumour at presentation. Two different grading systems were used. It was
      found that no matter which system was used, the poorer the histopathological
      grade the poorer the prognosis.

PMID- 3697632
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of posterior urethral injury.
AB  - The initial investigation and diagnosis in 28 patients with posterior urethral
      trauma are presented. Twenty-five patients underwent either primary realignment
      for complete rupture or cystostomy alone for partial rupture. The results of
      their management are reported.

PMID- 3697633
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of adenomatoid tumours.
AB  - Four adenomatoid tumours of the epididymis were embedded in paraffin wax,
      sectioned and the sectioned surfaces examined by scanning electron microscopy
      using the secondary electron mode. The solid faces of the sectioned neoplasms
      were damaged by the preparative technique but the depressed luminal surfaces of
      the tubules were well preserved and yielded useful information. Large areas of
      luminal surface were examined and the presence and distribution of microvilli
      were noted. In addition, there was a more complex cell surface pattern of
      intersecting cord-like elevations. Desquamating cells were seen within the
      tubules and the cytoplasmic bridges noted by light microscopy were shown to be
      thin cytoplasmic partitions. These findings are consistent with the mesothelial
      theory of histogenesis. Scanning electron microscopy can provide useful
      information about the internal structure of neoplasms even with simple
      preparative techniques.

PMID- 3697634
TI  - Is a male infertility clinic of any use?
AB  - Two methods of statistical analysis were used to evaluate the results from an
      infertility clinic (the couple-months method and Cox regression analysis). The
      results were in general agreement and validated the couple-months method. The
      total trying time, sperm motility, sperm density and results of the wife's
      investigation were all shown to be highly significant prognostic factors. The age
      of either husband or wife, semen volume, sperm morphology, size of the testes,
      presence of a varicocele, serum LH and serum testosterone all failed to give
      significant additional prognostic information. High serum FSH and testis
      asymmetry both gave weak additional prognostic information. The benefit of
      attendance at the infertility clinic was evaluated in two ways: firstly by
      testing whether the event of clinic attendance altered prognosis and secondly by
      examining the results of a broad range of treatments. The results showed that
      attendance at the clinic with subsequent treatment did not improve the chance of
      fertility. The main benefit from clinic attendance was that the couple could be
      given an accurate prognosis and supportive counseling.

PMID- 3697635
TI  - Fecundability rates from an infertile male population.
AB  - From a computer file of 955 couples attending hospital because of an infertile
      marriage, 279 were identified where the female partner had normal investigation
      results. Follow-up information was available for all couples and the
      fecundability (conception rate per month) for the first year of follow-up has
      been calculated, stratified according to the husband's investigation results. The
      fecundability of couples where the wife had normal investigation results but the
      husband had reduced sperm density ranged from 0.4% for wives with azoospermic
      husbands to 5.9% when the husband had at least 10 million motile sperm/ml. For
      any given number of motile sperm the fecundability was also strongly dependent on
      the duration of involuntary infertility as recorded at the time of initial clinic
      attendance. In view of the lack of effective treatment for most male infertility
      the fecundability rates reported herein are likely to represent those that would
      be found in an untreated population and should be useful as a base line when
      evaluating results of new treatments.

PMID- 3697636
TI  - Penile hypercoagulability during erection: a possible predisposing factor to
      ageing penile vascular changes.
AB  - Haemostatic changes in the penile and systemic blood during erection were studied
      in the Chacma baboon. Dynamic hypercoagulability developed in the penile blood
      and fibrin was deposited on the endothelium of the penile artery and trabeculae
      during erection. These suggest that penile hypercoagulability predisposes to
      ageing penile vascular changes.

PMID- 3697637
TI  - Assessment of collagen film for use in urinary tract surgery.
AB  - This investigation assessed a biodegradable collagen membrane which can be
      sutured around the ureter to prevent urine leakage, thus permitting healing to
      proceed more rapidly while the membrane itself is resorbed. Following an early in
      vitro investigation in which collagen was assessed, a more comprehensive survey
      has now been carried out. Tissue compatibility and biodegradation were assessed
      by implanting the film into the lumbar muscles of rats; it was then used to cover
      experimental ureterotomies in New Zealand White rabbits. The data obtained from
      the rabbits confirmed that a collagen membrane can prevent leakage of urine from
      the ureter during healing while it itself is biodegraded, indicating that a
      collagen membrane could be used to repair the injured urinary tract.

PMID- 3697638
TI  - Evaluation of light sources and light guides for use in transurethral surgery.
AB  - An evaluation of the quality of light sources and guides was carried out in
      response to a demand that sufficient light intensity should always be available
      for transurethral procedures when bleeding occurs. A light monitor was developed
      for the rapid assessment of the source intensity and light guide transmission. A
      simple test protocol was also developed for routine assessment of the sources and
      guides and for evaluation of new sources and guides before purchase. The sources
      and guides were classified in order of merit and coded to permit the selection of
      those of the highest quality; this guarantees a satisfactory level of
      illumination during surgery.

PMID- 3697639
TI  - Significance of dipstick haematuria. 1. Correlation with microscopy of the urine.
AB  - The reliability of a chemical test for haematuria has been evaluated in patients
      referred for investigation of suspected renal or urological disease. Red blood
      cells in concentrations of 10/microliter or greater were found in 24% of urines
      giving a negative dipstick result, 82% of urines giving a trace positive result
      and nearly 100% of urines giving dipstick results greater than this. The accuracy
      of the reagent strip in predicting the presence or absence of significant
      haematuria was improved by testing several urines from each patient. On the basis
      of this study, if significant haematuria is present, reagent strip urine testing
      is an efficient method for its detection.

PMID- 3697640
TI  - Significance of dipstick haematuria. 2. Correlation with pathology.
AB  - In an evaluation of a chemical test for haematuria, all patients with positive
      results or a history of frank haematuria were investigated to determine the
      source of bleeding. In 10 of the 92 patients in whom the diagnosis was unknown at
      the time of admission, the presence of haematuria could not be confirmed. Of the
      remaining 82 patients urinary tract pathology was identified in 74. Of the other
      eight patients, four had exercise-induced haematuria with no other indications of
      significant pathology, and in four patients investigations stopped short of renal
      biopsy because of the patients' age.

PMID- 3697641
TI  - Bilateral ureteric obstruction due to endometriosis presenting with hypertension
      and cyclical oliguria.

PMID- 3697642
TI  - Penile hyperexcitability as the presenting symptom of rabies.

PMID- 3697643
TI  - The G-suit in controlling massive urological haemorrhage.

PMID- 3697644
TI  - Renal carcinoma metastasis in salivary gland.

PMID- 3697645
TI  - Prazosin, priapism and management.

PMID- 3697646
TI  - Pyeloduodenal fistula.

PMID- 3697647
TI  - Chronic retention after extratrigonal phenol injection for bladder instability.

PMID- 3697648
TI  - Brushite lithiasis of prostate.

PMID- 3697649
TI  - Retroperitoneal fibrosis with azotaemia secondary to metastatic breast cancer.

PMID- 3697650
TI  - Malignant penile haemangio-endothelioma.

PMID- 3697651
TI  - The management of massive haemorrhage following transurethral resection of
      prostate in the elderly.

PMID- 3697652
TI  - Iatrogenic bile duct stricture: an avoidable surgical hazard?

PMID- 3697653
TI  - Daily salivary progesterone levels in cyclical mastalgia patients and their
      controls.
AB  - Progesterone levels were measured in samples of saliva collected daily throughout
      the menstrual cycle in patients with pronounced cyclical mastalgia and breast
      nodularity. A control group matched for age, length of menstrual cycle and parity
      was also studied. No significant differences in progesterone levels were detected
      between the two groups for the luteal phase of the cycle. These data indicate
      that cyclical mastalgia is not associated with significant luteal phase
      progesterone insufficiency, as demonstrated by salivary levels and, by
      implication, serum levels of progesterone.

PMID- 3697654
TI  - Adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy in breast cancer.
AB  - Three hundred and twenty-two women with involvement of axillary lymph nodes
      following surgery for operable breast cancer were randomized to receive either
      postoperative radiotherapy, chemotherapy (CMF) or radiotherapy followed by
      chemotherapy. There was an increase in disease free interval in pre- and
      postmenopausal patients receiving radiotherapy and chemotherapy regardless of the
      number of nodes involved. However, there was a trend towards an improvement in
      disease related survival only in those patients with more than three nodes
      involved.

PMID- 3697655
TI  - Increased activities of thymidine kinase isozymes in human mammary tumours.
AB  - Thymidine kinase, the enzyme in the pyrimidine salvage pathway, and its isozymes
      were examined in 10 specimens of normal mammary gland, 10 fibroadenomas and 11
      adenocarcinomas in human breasts. The average thymidine kinase activities in
      fibroadenomas and adenocarcinomas were about 3 and 8 times that in normal mammary
      gland. The mammary thymidine kinase isozymes were separated into two types by
      diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) cellulose column chromatography. The activity of the
      thymidine kinase isozyme eluted with 0.1 M sodium chloride in buffer was twofold
      higher in fibroadenomas and fourfold higher in adenocarcinomas than that in
      normal tissue. In adenocarcinomas, but not fibroadenomas, the activity of the
      other isozyme eluted with buffer alone was increased to 22-fold that in normal
      tissues. As the activity of the latter isozyme was not affected by deoxycytidine
      triphosphate, it may be involved closely in DNA replication.

PMID- 3697656
TI  - Multifactorial study of prognostic factors in differentiated thyroid carcinoma
      and a re-evaluation of the importance of age.
AB  - A multivariate analysis of prognostic factors has been carried out with 375 cases
      of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) treated in the same centre by total
      thyroidectomy and 131I therapy. The patients have been followed for 5 to 23
      years. The isolated prognostic roles of age, sex, clinical stage and histology
      were confirmed, but these factors were found to be strongly interrelated.
      Multifactorial analysis was conducted following Cox's model. It demonstrated that
      the prevalent role of clinical staging (nodular versus lobar or massive form) is
      as important as the initial presence of metastases (P = 0.0001). Histological
      assessment of differentiation, age and sex were of lesser importance. Thus, the
      most significant prognostic variable is clinical stage. These data must be taken
      into account when formulating management protocols for DTC.

PMID- 3697657
TI  - Familial medullary thyroid carcinoma without associated endocrinopathies: a
      distinct clinical entity.
AB  - In an evaluation of 213 patients from 15 kindreds with familial medullary thyroid
      carcinoma (MTC), we detected 41 subjects from two kindreds (L and O) who had MTC
      but no extra-thyroidal manifestations (hyperparathyroidism, phaeochromocytomas or
      mucosal neuromas) of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type IIa or IIb. In
      screening 178 members of the L and O kindreds, we found no evidence that any of
      them had died from MTC. To assess whether the malignancy was relatively indolent
      in these families, 20 selected subjects from the two kindreds were compared with
      33 MEN IIa subjects. Both groups had clinically occult disease which was
      diagnosed biochemically by documenting elevated plasma calcitonin (CT) levels
      following stimulation with intravenous calcium and pentagastrin. There were no
      differences in the peak stimulated plasma CT levels at the time of diagnosis
      (1055 +/- 236 pg/ml versus 1096 +/- 191 pg/ml) or the incidence of regional lymph
      node metastases (0/20 versus 1/33) in the two groups. The mean age at diagnosis,
      however, was significantly higher in patients of the L and O kindreds than in
      patients with MEN IIa (43.1 +/- 3.4 years versus 21.1 +/- 2.2 years; P less than
      0.001) indicating that in the two kindreds the MTC either developed at a later
      age or grew more slowly. This study demonstrates that MTC may occur in a familial
      pattern distinct from its presentation as MEN IIa or MEN IIb. In this setting it
      appears to be the least aggressive form of MTC yet described.

PMID- 3697658
TI  - Parathyroid hormone levels, hyperparathyroidism and acute pancreatitis.
AB  - Since 1971, in Glasgow Royal Infirmary 880 patients with acute pancreatitis (AP)
      have been prospectively studied. Only two (0.23 per cent) have been found with
      associated hyperparathyroidism (HPT), one of whom also had gallstones. During the
      period of study daily serum calcium levels were measured routinely in all
      patients with AP and, in addition, a consecutive series of 200 patients had daily
      mineral metabolism screening of blood and urine in an attempt to identify
      patients with hypercalcaemia as an aetiological factor. A separate group of 90
      patients had sequential daily serum calcium and parathyroid hormone assays (PTH)
      performed for the first five days of their hospital admission and one of the
      patients described in this paper came from this group. She is the first patient,
      to our knowledge, documented in this manner. The overall pattern of the PTH and
      calcium response from all these patients is also recorded according to the
      severity of the AP. Hyperparathyroidism is uncommonly associated with AP and when
      it is other aetiological factors must be excluded.

PMID- 3697659
TI  - Anorectal function following colo-anal sleeve anastomosis for chronic radiation
      injury to the rectum.
AB  - Anorectal manometry and electrophysiological studies of the pelvic floor were
      performed in eight patients who had undergone anterior resection of the rectum
      with mucosal proctectomy and colo-anal sleeve anastomosis for radiation rectal
      injury. There is a severe reduction in the compliance of the neorectum and in the
      maximal tolerable volume. Maximum basal anal canal pressure and physiological
      sphincter length are also significantly reduced although the 'squeeze' pressure
      of the external anal sphincter and the latency of the pudendo-anal reflex were
      unaffected. Four patients had an absent rectosphincteric reflex, four patients
      involuntarily expelled the test balloon at the maximal tolerable volume during a
      proctometrogram and four patients demonstrated increased EMG activity of the
      pelvic floor on straining and on rectal distension. These abnormalities help to
      explain many of the patients' symptoms. Histological abnormalities of the
      myenteric plexus were a prominent feature in all the excised specimens and may be
      responsible for some of the functional abnormalities.

PMID- 3697660
TI  - Intragastric bile acids and scintigraphy in the assessment of duodenogastric
      reflux.
AB  - Following endoscopic gastric juice aspiration, intragastric bile acids were
      measured in 105 patients undergoing routine or review gastroscopy. Subsequently,
      duodenogastric reflux was assessed using 99mTc butyliminodiacetic acid (BIDA)
      scintigraphy and intragastric bile acid levels compared with the grades of reflux
      assessed scintigraphically. There was a significant correlation between both free
      and total intragastric bile acid levels and the degree of radiological bile
      reflux, especially when reflux was severe. Both endoscopic measurements of bile
      acids and BIDA scintigraphy appear to be useful methods for determining
      duodenogastric reflux, but neither may be accurate enough to quantify minor
      degrees of reflux.

PMID- 3697661
TI  - Incidence of bile reflux in gastric ulcer and after partial gastrectomy.
AB  - Duodenogastric bile reflux (DGBR) is reported to be increased in patients with
      gastric ulcer (GU) and following Billroth I partial gastrectomy (BIPG). pH, total
      bacterial counts, and total and free bile acids were measured in gastric juice
      aspirated hourly for 24 h in 6 patients with GU, 7 patients with a BIPG performed
      for GU and in 8 healthy normal controls. Intragastric pH was significantly higher
      in the BIPG group during the day (P less than 0.001) and at night (P less than
      0.001) compared with normals and the GU group. There were no differences between
      GUs and normal patients. Bile acid concentrations in the gastric juice were not
      significantly different between GU and control groups over the 24 h. Median and
      range values were 0.14 (0.06-0.52) mmol l-1 in GU patients and 0.14 (0.05-0.67)
      mmol l-1 in the normals. However total bile acid concentrations were
      significantly greater in the BIPG group (0.23, 0.04-0.84) compared with GU or
      controls. (P = 0.04, P = 0.02). Our data do not support the role of DGBR in the
      pathogenesis of GU, but deoxycholic acid was detected in significantly greater
      amounts in BIPG subjects than controls (chi 2 = 12.94, P less than 0.001) or GU
      subjects (none detected) and may be important in the pathogenesis of gastric
      stump cancer.

PMID- 3697662
TI  - Proximal gastric vagotomy or truncal vagotomy and drainage for chronic duodenal
      ulcer?
AB  - A comparison has been made between truncal vagotomy and drainage (TVD) and
      proximal gastric vagotomy (PGV) performed electively for chronic duodenal
      ulceration from 1968 to 1981 in 209 and 272 patients respectively. The morbidity
      was 23 per cent after TVD and 19.8 per cent after PGV, with a mortality of 0.5
      per cent and 0.4 per cent respectively. Of 163 patients in the former group and
      253 patients in the latter group the follow-up was an average of 5.7 and 6.2
      years respectively; 128 patients (78.5 per cent) and 198 (78.3 per cent)
      respectively had a good functional result, graded as Visick I and II, but 35
      (21.7 per cent) and 55 (21.7 per cent), respectively, had a poor result owing to
      recurrent ulceration in 23 (14.1 per cent) after TVD and 44 (17.4 per cent) after
      PGV. These results were not statistically different. The frequency of diarrhoea
      was 23 per cent and dumping 6.8 per cent after TVD which was significantly
      reduced to 2.0 per cent (P less than 0.005) and 1.2 per cent (P less than 0.025),
      respectively, after PGV. However, only five patients (3.0 per cent) had severe
      symptoms from diarrhoea and two (1.2 per cent) from dumping after TVD. Both
      operations seem to carry an equal incidence of unsatisfactory results, though for
      slightly different reasons it might be concluded that both procedures have an
      equal degree of acceptability.

PMID- 3697663
TI  - Stripping the long saphenous vein: peroperative retrograde saphenography in
      patients with and without venous ulceration.
AB  - Peroperative retrograde saphenography was used to study 80 incompetent long
      saphenous veins (LSV) in 60 patients with primary varicose veins. In 53 limbs
      presentation was uncomplicated (group A, 40 patients); in 27 limbs there was
      ulceration (group B, 20 patients). All limbs in group B had a normal deep system
      as shown pre-operatively by ascending and descending venography. Varicose changes
      were found in 52 (65 per cent) of 80 LSV; the overall mean length of normal vein
      seen was 16 cm. The incompetent LSV appears unlikely to be suitable for arterial
      replacement. All valves identified on operative saphenography above the knee
      appeared incompetent. In only 9 LSV of group B were there recognizable valves
      either above or below the knee, significantly fewer than 34 of group A (P less
      than 0.05). This finding suggests that a deficiency of saphenous valves may
      contribute to the development of venous ulceration. Hunterian perforators of
      variable size were seen on 70 saphenograms (87 per cent) passing directly from
      the LSV to the superficial femoral vein. Stripping of the incompetent LSV will
      disconnect such perforators from an incompetent system and may thus reduce the
      incidence of both recurrent varicose veins and persistent ulceration.

PMID- 3697664
TI  - Radiation-induced soft-tissue sarcoma.
AB  - Twenty patients with soft-tissue sarcomas arising within previously irradiated
      fields have been analysed. The initial radiation dose ranged from 8.8 to 70 Gy,
      comprising either orthovoltage or megavoltage treatment. The latent interval
      following radiotherapy ranged from 7 to 45 years (mean 16.8 years). The commonest
      histological subtype was malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Four patients required
      forequarter amputation. The 5-year survival was only 14 per cent. The high
      morbidity and mortality accompanying post-radiation sarcomas must be borne in
      mind when the choice between therapeutic options for potentially curable cancers
      is finely balanced.

PMID- 3697665
TI  - New method for assessment of anal sensation in various anorectal disorders.
AB  - A new technique for quantifying anal sensation utilizing mucosal
      electrosensitivity is described and has been tested in 97 patients. Normal
      subjects (n = 20) have a sensory threshold varying from 2 to 7.3 mA being most
      acute in the region of the anal valves. Sensory awareness also extends into the
      upper anal canal. Patients with neuropathic incontinence (n = 17) have a sensory
      deficit (P less than 0.002) whilst patients with haemorrhoids (n = 28) have less
      sensitive mucosa displaced into the upper anal canal (P less than 0.0001).
      Patients with acute fissure-in-ano (n = 10) have lower thresholds of sensation at
      the site of the fissure and slow transit constipation patients (n = 22) have
      normal anal sensation. The technique is reproducible and should prove useful in
      the investigation of anorectal disorders.

PMID- 3697666
TI  - Renal parenchymal carcinoma in children.
AB  - A series of 14 cases of renal parenchymal carcinoma in patients under 20 years of
      age is presented and reviewed with the best documented case reports from the
      literature. Unlike its adult counterpart the tumour has an equal sex ratio and
      minor trauma frequently precipitates presentation, otherwise its behaviour is
      similar. The treatment of choice is nephrectomy but, unlike adults, there is
      evidence to support the value of adjunctive radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the
      treatment of local spread. Prognosis is particularly worsened by cellular
      granularity, and vascular or direct extrarenal spread. The 5 year survival rate
      is 52 per cent.

PMID- 3697667
TI  - Vascular Surgical Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Meeting. London, 28-29
      November 1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 3697668
TI  - Local excision of rectal tumours.

PMID- 3697669
TI  - Frozen section of Tru-cut biopsies versus cytology.

PMID- 3697670
TI  - Testicular torsion does not cause autoimmunization in man.

PMID- 3697671
TI  - Cerebral 2-deoxyglucose uptake in rats during ethanol withdrawal and
      postwithdrawal.
AB  - The overt ethanol withdrawal syndrome is associated with a generalized increase
      in cerebral uptake of 2-deoxyglucose. Relatively high elevations of 2
      deoxyglucose were observed in many structures associated with motor function, the
      mamillary body-anterior thalamus-cingulate cortex pathway, many thalamic nuclei,
      and the raphe. Overtly withdrawing rats had higher levels of 2-deoxyglucose than
      postwithdrawing animals that had been abstinent for 1-5 weeks in 96% of the gray
      areas evaluated. Postwithdrawal was associated with increased amounts of 2
      deoxyglucose in comparison to controls in 80% of the gray areas evaluated.
      Postwithdrawal and control rats did not differ in some areas involved with motor
      function and some limbic structures, such as the mamillary body-anterior thalamus
      cingulate cortex pathway. It is concluded that the ethanol-withdrawal syndrome
      results in alterations in cerebral physiology, some of which persist for at least
      5 weeks postwithdrawal.

PMID- 3697672
TI  - Long-term effects of lesions of the tissue surrounding the preoptic recess on
      paraventricular nuclei in rats.
AB  - In this investigation we have observed the effects of withholding water for 5
      days, the effects of long-term (5 weeks) lesions of the tissue surrounding the
      preoptic recess in the anteroventral third ventricle (AV3V region), and the
      interaction of the effects of long-term AV3V lesions and water deprivation on
      paraventricular nuclei. The purpose of these observations was to see if recovery
      of the antidiuretic response after AV3V lesions is associated with recovery of
      fine structural responses in these neurosecretory cells. Paraventricular
      neurosecretory cells of rats deprived of water for 5 days were hypertrophied in
      controls and in rats with AV3V lesions. Areas of cell bodies and their nuclei
      were increased, as were the number of Golgi stacks and electron dense (immature)
      neurosecretory granules. A greater percentage of nucleoli were adjacent to the
      nuclear envelope. Paraventricular neurons of rats with AV3V lesions also had fine
      structural changes characteristic of increased secretory activity, even in
      animals with free access to drinking water. The areas of cells and their nucleoli
      in coronal sections, and the number of Golgi stacks and electron-dense
      neurosecretory granules per cell were significantly increased in both treatment
      groups with AV3V lesions. There was a greater increase in the numbers of Golgi
      stacks and immature neurosecretory granules tended to be more numerous in water
      deprived lesioned rats than in water-deprived controls. We suggest that recovery
      of body fluid balance in rats with chronic AV3V lesions involves enhanced
      secretory activity of neurosecretory cells in paraventricular nuclei, possibly
      stimulated via undamaged descending connections from the subfornical organ and by
      ascending pathways activated by cardiovascular volume receptors.

PMID- 3697673
TI  - Synaptic remodelling in arcuate nucleus after injection of estradiol valerate in
      adult female rats.
AB  - Adult female rats were injected with a single dose (20 mg/kg) of estradiol
      valerate (EV). The number of synapses was evaluated in thin sections of arcuate
      nucleus fixed 3, 8, 16 and 32 weeks after EV treatment and compared with the
      values obtained in the arcuate nucleus of uninjected proestrus control rats. By 8
      weeks after EV treatment a significant (P less than 0.001) decrease was found in
      the number of axo-somatic and axo-dendritic synapses on dendritic shafts, but not
      in the number of axo-dendritic synapses on dendritic spines. However, by 32 weeks
      postinjection, the number of axo-somatic and axo-dendritic synapses had returned
      to control values. This transient decrease in the number of synapses was preceded
      by a massive appearance of neuronal degenerative images by 3 weeks after EV
      injection. These results are interpreted as reflecting a process of circuitry
      remodelling in the arcuate nucleus after a neuronal lesion induced by estrogen.

PMID- 3697674
TI  - The relationship between the auditory cortex and the claustrum in the cat.
AB  - The relationship between the primary auditory cortex and the claustrum has been
      re-examined in the cat with axoplasmic flow and axonal degeneration methods.
      Labelled cells are found in a restricted part of the claustrum after injections
      of HRP or HRP-WGA in the primary auditory cortex, but they are relatively few in
      number and are palely stained. The number of labelled cells and their depth of
      staining are greatest at 72 h (the longest survival time used here), and this
      survival period an occasional labelled cell is also present in the claustrum of
      the contralateral hemisphere. No labelled cells are seen after 24 h. After small
      lesions in the primary auditory cortex, fibre and terminal degeneration are
      present in the part of the claustrum where labelled cells are seen with
      axoplasmic flow techniques. It is concluded that there are reciprocal connections
      between the primary auditory cortex and the claustrum, but the rate of axoplasmic
      flow is unusually slow.

PMID- 3697675
TI  - The identification of some sources of afferent input to the rat nucleus basalis
      magnocellularis by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase.
AB  - Neurons of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBm) of the rat are contained
      within the ventromedial globus pallidus and adjacent internal capsule.
      Horseradish peroxidase injection limited to the ventromedial globus pallidus
      result in sparse neuronal labeling in a variety of brainstem, thalamic and
      hypothalamic nuclei, and the basal nuclei identified after NBm injections. Thus,
      these contiguous regions have comparable subcortical inputs. By contrast, only
      NBm injections yielded a large number of labeled neurons in layer V of NBm
      cholinergic neurons. in addition to the reciprocity observed between NBm and
      frontal cortex, the ventral tegmental area and NBm likewise appear to be
      reciprocally connected.

PMID- 3697676
TI  - Co-cultivation of astroglial and neuronal primary cultures from rat brain.
AB  - A technique is described for a two-cell co-cultivation system which permits in
      vitro evaluation of neuron-glia interactions. Primary astroglial enriched
      cultures from newborn rat cerebral hemispheres, striatum or cerebral cortex,
      grown for 3 days, were co-cultivated with primary neuron-containing cultures from
      15- to 17-day rat embryo cerebral hemispheres, substantia nigra or brainstem,
      respectively, grown for 10 days on polylysine-coated surfaces. The neuronal cells
      were identified morphologically and immunohistochemically by antibodies to neuron
      specific enolase. The two cultures were grown together for 7 days, separated by a
      U-formed 1 mm glass-rod. The results show that neurons exert a morphogenetic
      effect on astroglial cells in the form of extension of cell processes. The co
      culture system allows investigation of potent local humoral interactions between
      astroglial cells and neurons.

PMID- 3697677
TI  - Quantitative investigation of the morphological plasticity of synaptic junctions
      in rat dentate gyrus during aging.
AB  - The morphological plasticity of synaptic junctions was investigated by means of
      quantitative stereology in the dentate gyrus supragranular layer of young (3
      months), adult (12 months) and old (30 months) female Fisher 344 rats. The
      numerical (Nv) and surface (Sv) density and the average surface area (S) of EPTA
      stained synaptic junctions were calculated on 100 EM pictures per age group. We
      found that Nv significantly increased between the young and adult group and
      decreased in old animals when compared both to 3 and 12 months of age. Sv was
      unchanged in young and adult rats, whereas it underwent a significant reduction
      in the old group. The percentage distribution of S showed that at 3 months of age
      the majority of the synaptic population had an average size ranging between 0.12
      and 0.20 micron 2, whereas during adulthood and aging there was a shift towards
      smaller and larger synaptic contacts, respectively. Taking into account Nv, Sv
      and S all together per age group, the present findings demonstrate that the
      morphological aspect of synaptic plasticity is markedly influenced by time and
      that during aging it undergoes a serious impairment. The possible involvement in
      memory and learning processes of these synaptic age-related morphological
      adaptations and the fact that the investigated junctions are supposed to be
      cholinergic is discussed.

PMID- 3697679
TI  - Quantitative effects of NGF on the growth of embryonic frog axons.
AB  - Sparse, dissociated cultures of embryonic Xenopus CNS neurons were grown with and
      without NGF. Under both conditions the same number of neurons survived and
      extended neurites, and under both conditions the neurites moved at approximately
      the same overall rates and with the same degree of straightness. On the other
      hand, neurons in the NGF-supplemented cultures had more neurites and these
      neurites branched 64% more often. Detailed measurements showed that the axons
      elongated 44% faster in NGF and that this increase could be ascribed to a
      selective increase in the stepping rate of axonal elongation. These observations
      raise the possibility that NGF may selectively modulate the rate of movement of
      the core cytoskeleton of the axon.

PMID- 3697678
TI  - Putative pain modulating neurons in the rostral ventral medulla: reflex-related
      activity predicts effects of morphine.
AB  - Three physiologically-defined classes of neurons are found in the rostral
      ventromedial medulla (RVM), a region which contributes to the antinociceptive
      action of opiates. The off-cell exhibits an abrupt pause just prior to the
      occurrence of the tail flick reflex (TF). The on-cell shows a burst of activity
      beginning just prior to the occurrence of the TF. Neutral cell firing does not
      change in relation to the TF. Systemic administration of morphine has been shown
      to produce a consistent increase in the activity of off-cells. In the present
      studies, the effects of systemically-administered morphine on spontaneous and TF
      related activity of on-cells and neutral cells were examined in lightly
      anesthetized rats. Measures of spontaneous activity were obtained before and
      after morphine (1.25-2.5 mg/kg, i.v.). On-cells exhibited an irregular cyclic
      rate of spontaneous discharge similar to that previously reported for off-cells.
      In contrast, neutral cells had a nearly constant level of spontaneous activity.
      After administration of morphine, spontaneous activity ceased for 8 of 8 on
      cells, and heat-related activity was eliminated. Administration of naloxone
      resulted in a return of the periodic firing pattern and the burst associated with
      the TF. Seven of 8 neutral cells showed no change in firing rate and one showed a
      decrease rate after morphine administration. These results show that the effect
      of systemic opiates on an RVM neuron can be predicted based on whether a cell
      increases or decreases its firing just prior to the occurrence of a nocifensive
      reflex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3697680
TI  - Effects of lung inflation on the excitability of dorsal respiratory group
      neurons.
AB  - The effect of lung inflation on the excitability of inspiratory neurons of the
      dorsal respiratory group was studied in decerebrate, paralyzed, artificially
      ventilated cats. Variations in the antidromic latency (AL) were used as a measure
      of the changes in excitability. The antidromic responses of single cells were
      recorded extracellularly during electrical stimulation (20 Hz) of their spinal
      axons. Single-breath test inflations were delivered at the onset of inspiration
      (I) or expiration (E), and then maintained for the duration of that respiratory
      phase. In the absence of inflation during E, most of the inspiratory cells
      underwent progressive lengthening of the AL, indicating inhibition or
      disfacilitation. This effect was stronger in I beta than in I alpha cells but
      there was considerable overlap. In every cell (21 I alpha, 17 I beta), inflation
      during E caused a prompt AL shortening (excitation or disinhibition) that was
      evident in single tests. On average, I beta neurons were more strongly excited by
      the test inflation during E, but again there was considerable overlap. The
      excitation was maintained for the duration of the inflation, indicating that
      pulmonary stretch receptor afferents (PSR) were involved. The response to slow
      inflations (that preferentially excite PSR) was a progressive shortening of the
      AL that mirrored the increase in lung volume. The results emphasize the
      qualitative similarity in the responses of I alpha and I beta neurons to lung
      inflation and in their excitability changes during normal respiratory cycles.

PMID- 3697681
TI  - Behavioral control of breathing in the cat.
AB  - Respiration depends upon brainstem neuronal circuits that produce the respiratory
      rhythm and relay it, via the ventrolateral columns, to motor neurons in the
      spinal cord. This brainstem system produces respiration automatically, i.e.
      without conscious effort, and is responsive to chemical and mechanical stimuli
      that signal imbalances in respiratory homeostasis. In addition to this
      automatic/metabolic respiratory system, there is a voluntary/behavioral system
      that controls the respiratory muscles during speaking, breath holding, and other
      voluntary respiratory acts. It has been proposed that this behavioral system
      involves corticofugal fibers that bypass the automatic system, course in the
      dorsolateral columns, and end at the level of the respiratory motor neurons.
      According to this scheme, the integration of behavioral control with
      automatic/metabolic control occurs at the level of the motor neurons and not
      within the automatic system. This proposed scheme has not been investigated
      experimentally. In the present study, we trained cats to control their
      respiration and recorded the activity of cells within the automatic system in the
      medulla during this behavioral control. We trained the animals to terminate
      inspiration and prolong expiration when a tone sounded. Microelectrode recordings
      from 40 medullary respiratory neurons showed that most cells, inspiratory and
      expiratory, became inactive during the behavioral apneic response. The exceptions
      were some expiratory cells that were activated during the task. These results
      suggest that the integration of behavioral influences occurs within the automatic
      system.

PMID- 3697682
TI  - Locus coeruleus neurons and sympathetic nerves: activation by cutaneous sensory
      afferents.
AB  - The effects of mechanical and thermal cutaneous sensory stimulation on the
      activity of central norepinephrine (NE) neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) and
      on peripheral sympathetic nerve activity (NE-SNA) in a renal branch of the
      splanchnic nerve were studied, using electrophysiological techniques in the
      anesthetized rat. Noxious, mechanical sensory stimulation caused a parallel and
      virtually identical change in central NE-LC activity and peripheral NE-SNA and
      both neuronal systems showed a biphasic excitation-inhibition response. Both non
      noxious and noxious thermal sensory stimulation above 36 degrees C caused a
      parallel increase in NE-LC firing rate and NE-SNA, changes that were accompanied
      by increases in arterial blood pressure and heart rate. The increases in central
      and peripheral NE neuronal activity were linearly correlated. However, the two
      neuronal systems differed in their ability to adapt during prolonged noxious
      thermal stimulation. NE-LC neurons adapted completely and returned to baseline
      firing rate within 5 min during ongoing noxious thermal stimulation. In contrast,
      an increase in NE-SNA remained throughout the stimulation period. In recent
      studies in this laboratory, blood volume depletion was found associated with a
      marked NE-LC activation. In contrast to the present results during prolonged
      noxious stimulation, there was no attenuation of the NE-LC activation during
      prolonged hemorrhage. Taken in conjunction, these data indicate a discriminatory
      capacity of the NE-LC system in monitoring sensory or autonomic stimuli. Thus,
      only those stimuli of imperative importance for the animal were found to be
      associated with continuing robust NE-LC discharge.

PMID- 3697683
TI  - Relationship between amplitude of tremor and reflex responses of the human jaw
      closing system.
AB  - Jaw-closing force was transduced while subjects maintained a biting force of 9.8
      N. To estimate the amplitude of tremor in each subject's force record, the
      average spectrum of the force was computed, and the definite integral of the
      averaged spectrum in the frequency range from 3.5 to 10 Hz was calculated. For
      the same subjects, the amplitude of reflex responses to innocuous mechanical
      stimuli delivered to intraoral and perioral sites was measured as the peak-to
      peak change in jaw-closing force following application of the stimulus. Force
      responses produced by stimulation at each site were used to compute an average
      reflex response measure for each subject. Large intersubject variability was
      observed in the amplitudes of jaw tremor and reflex responses. A correlation
      coefficient computed between the tremor and reflex measures revealed that
      subjects with large amplitude tremor tended also to have large reflex force
      responses. This correlation is consistent with the suggestion that activity in
      cutaneous reflex pathways contributes to tremor of the human mandible.

PMID- 3697684
TI  - Markov-dependency and spectral analyses on spike-counts in mesencephalic
      reticular neurons during sleep and attentive states.
AB  - Spontaneous activities of the mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF) neurons of
      head-restrained cats were recorded to investigate their dynamic properties during
      sleep and waking. The Markov-dependency and spectral analyses were performed on
      the time series of counts converted from the MRF spike-train. During slow-wave
      sleep (SWS), MRF neurons fired with low Markovian properties and had a similar
      spectral-density curve as white noise; during paradoxical sleep (PS), their
      firing pattern showed high Markovian properties owing to low-frequency
      fluctuations, with spectral densities inversely proportional to frequency (the
      l/f spectrum). During the attentive state of bird watching (BW), intermediate
      Markovian properties were observed. These results confirmed both the rest theory
      of SWS and the activation of the brain during PS from the viewpoint of dynamic
      information-processing. Furthermore, the activation of the brain during PS may be
      greater than in BW.

PMID- 3697686
TI  - Strain-dependent effects of shock-induced release of opioids: dissociation
      between analgesia and behavioral seizures.
AB  - Intermittent, but not continuous, footshock resulted in naltrexone-reversible
      analgesia in two strains of mice: C57BL/6 (C57) and BALB/c (BALB). While no
      strain differences were evident in relation to analgesia, a clear strain effect
      appeared when the protective action of intermittent footshock on
      electroconvulsive shock-induced seizures was considered. In fact naltrexone
      reversible protection exerted by intermittent footshock on behavioral seizures
      was much higher in C57 than in BALB mice. The reason of this dissociation between
      the effects of endogenous opioids on analgesia and seizures is discussed.

PMID- 3697685
TI  - Uncoupling effects of 2,4-dinitrophenol on electron transfer reactions and cell
      bioenergetics in rat brain in situ.
AB  - We have examined the effects of uncoupling on electron transfer reactions and
      cell bioenergetics in rat brain in situ. The redox reactions of cyt aa3, cyt c
      and cyt b as well as the levels of phosphocreatine/inorganic phosphate ratio
      (PCr/Pi) were monitored in isolated perfused rat head, using optical and [31P]NMR
      techniques, respectively. In the first series of experiments anesthetized
      (pentobarbital) and mechanically ventilated rats underwent bilateral carotid
      arterial cannulation. The head (skull intact, muscle removed) was perfused with a
      perfluorochemical solution (FC-43), and the animal was then decapitated. By means
      of reflectance spectrophotometry, the redox reactions of cyt aa3, c and b were
      monitored before and after perfusing the head with uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol
      (DNP) as well as after complete anoxia. The second series of experiments was
      performed using [31P]NMR spectroscopy (24.33 MHz; 10.25 in. magnet). PCr/Pi
      ratios were first determined for living rats (in vivo) before and after exchange
      transfusion with FC-43 (Hct less than 0.5%), and then in isolated perfused head
      (in situ) before and after 2,4-DNP addition. Reduction of cyt aa3 (32 +/- 1.4%,
      mean +/- S.E.M.), cyt c (29 +/- 6%), and cyt b (19 +/- 2%) was induced by
      addition of 2,4-DNP. Compared to in vivo aerobic metabolism with a PCr/Pi ratio
      of 3.0-5.0, the value in the uncoupled state in situ was less than 0.1. We
      conclude that in contrast to in vitro, uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation
      induces reduction of intramitochondrial cytochromes in situ.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3697687
TI  - Masera's organ responds to odorants.
AB  - Electroolfactogram (EOG) recordings from the rat septal olfactory organ (SO)
      provide the first demonstration of its broad-range chemosensitivity, and clearly
      establish this structure as a functioning component of the mammalian intranasal
      chemosensory system. SO sensitivity to lower concentrations of at least one
      common test odorant (pentyl acetate) exceeds that at sites located on the septal
      portion of the main olfactory neuroepithelium. Signals from the SO, as first
      proposed, thus could have an alerting function and provide information relevant
      to odor stimulus assessment.

PMID- 3697688
TI  - Antisera to an axolemma-enriched fraction inhibit neurite outgrowth and destroy
      axons in vitro.
AB  - Antisera prepared to an axolemma-enriched fraction derived from rat brain
      inhibited neurite outgrowth and destroyed mature axons in spinal cord-dorsal root
      ganglia cultures. Similar antibody-mediated anti-axon effects may be important in
      some diseases of the human nervous system.

PMID- 3697689
TI  - Features of ligand binding in homogenate and section preparations.
AB  - The binding of [3H]N-methyl scopolamine (NMS) to muscarinic binding sites in rat
      forebrain was compared in two types of preparations: homogenates and slide
      mounted sections. Under standard assay conditions, [3H]NMS bound to the
      muscarinic binding site with an apparent Kd that was almost one order of
      magnitude lower in homogenates (Kd = 0.15 nM) than sections (Kd = 1.25 nM). In
      addition, the muscarinic agonist carbachol inhibited [3H]NMS binding more
      effectively in homogenates (Ki = 5 microM) than sections (Ki = 100 microM). The
      higher Kd observed in sections was dependent upon the thickness of the section
      since the apparent Kd decreased as the thickness of the section was reduced. A
      slower equilibration rate may account, in part, for the higher apparent Kd seen
      in thicker sections. The results support previous evidence that certain ligands
      exhibit different binding profiles in homogenate and section preparations.

PMID- 3697690
TI  - Spinal cord serotonin release and raised blood pressure after brainstem kainic
      acid injection.
AB  - The recently developed technique of in vivo dialysis has permitted us to make
      direct measurements of serotonin release in a specific region of the spinal cord
      and to relate this to changes in blood pressure elicited by chemical stimulation
      of the brainstem. In the present experiments we have shown that chemical
      stimulation of bulbospinal neurons in the region of the B3 cell group in the
      ventromedial medulla, causes an increase in the release of serotonin in the
      thoracic spinal cord and that this release is associated with an increase in
      blood pressure.

PMID- 3697691
TI  - Laminar distribution of tectal, parabigeminal and pretectal inputs to the primate
      dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus: connectional studies in Galago crassicaudatus.
AB  - We have studied the distribution of 3 extraretinal, subcortical inputs to the
      dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the prosimian primate Galago. Our
      connectional findings reveal that axons arising from the superior colliculus and
      the parabigeminal nucleus influence the W-cell system via their innervation of
      the two small-celled geniculate laminae (internal and external koniocellular) and
      the interlaminar zones; parabigeminal axons also innervate each of the 4 non
      tectally innervated layers. Pretectal axons, on the other hand, distribute mainly
      to the parvocellular laminae and thus influence primarily the X-cell system.

PMID- 3697692
TI  - The cortex of the primary auditory area in Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - The cortex of the superior temporal gyrus has been examined in two brains with
      Alzheimer's disease. Numerous neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques that
      are characteristic of the disease, were present in area 38 in the anterior part
      of the gyrus and in area 22 more posteriorly but the primary auditory cortex,
      area 41, was virtually unaffected by these pathological changes. This relatively
      minor involvement of the primary auditory cortex, like that of the primary
      somatic and visual areas, again emphasises the uniqueness of the olfactory system
      in being severely degenerate. The findings are considered to support the
      suggestion that the distribution of the pathological changes in Alzheimer's
      disease has an anatomical basis due to spread of the disease process along
      certain well-defined sets of cortical fibre connections.

PMID- 3697693
TI  - The common inhibitor innervates muscles proximal to the autotomy fracture plane
      in Carcinus maenas.
AB  - The neuron common to proximal leg muscles of the crab Carcinus maenas projects to
      the propus opener nerve. Inhibitory effects include hyperpolarizing postsynaptic
      potentials, prolonged muscle fiber membrane hyperpolarization upon repetitive
      stimulation and suppression of force development by excitatory motorneurons of
      the anterior levator. The soma of the common inhibitor of fifth legs is located
      ventrally along the ganglion midline, contralateral to its axonal projections.

PMID- 3697694
TI  - A peripheral stimulus initiates the collateral reinnervation of cat teeth.
AB  - The ability of trigeminal nerve fibres to sprout across the midline into the
      pulps of denervated contralateral teeth has been examined after removing their
      central terminals by rhizotomy. An extensive transmedian reinnervation developed
      from fibres on the side of the rhizotomy suggesting that the stimulus for
      collateral reinnervation must be sited in the tissues peripherally.

PMID- 3697695
TI  - Choline uptake by glomerular synapses isolated from bovine cerebellar vermis.
AB  - [3H]Choline uptake was investigated in a highly enriched preparation of
      glomerular particles isolated from bovine cerebellar vermis. Kinetic analysis
      indicates that a high-affinity choline uptake system with a relatively low
      maximum uptake velocity is present. At a substrate concentration of 10(-7) M,
      [3H]choline uptake was shown to be sodium-dependent, hemicholinium-sensitive and
      non-reactive to increasing concentrations of unlabeled choline. These findings
      support the presence of a high-affinity choline uptake system in cerebellar
      glomeruli and would seem to be consistent with the suggestion that a small
      proportion of mossy fibers are cholinergic in this brain region.

PMID- 3697696
TI  - Effects of experimental temporal lobe seizures upon hypothalamically elicited
      aggressive behavior in the cat.
AB  - An experiment was performed in order to determine the effects of temporal lobe
      seizures upon hypothalamically elicited aggressive behavior in the cat. Seizures
      were induced by electrical stimulation of the pyriform cortex or those subnuclei
      of the amygdala which had previously been shown to modulate aggressive responses
      at subseizure current levels. The results clearly indicate that a significant
      modification of affective defense thresholds following seizures was a direct
      function of the locus of stimulation. Specifically, seizures generated from the
      pyriform cortex and medial aspects of the amygdala (sites associated with prior
      facilitation of affective defense as determined by subseizure electrical
      stimulation) were followed by a reduction in threshold for this response. In
      contrast, an elevation in affective defense thresholds occurred when seizures
      were generated from the central or lateral nuclei of the amygdala (sites
      associated with prior suppression of affective defense as determined by
      subseizure electrical stimulation). The primary pathway utilized in the
      facilitation of affective defense appears to involve the stria terminalis, its
      bed nucleus, and the anterior medial hypothalamus. Preliminary data suggest that
      seizures generated from the pyriform cortex or amygdala can also modify quiet
      biting attack behavior, but in a manner opposite to that demonstrated for
      affective defense.

PMID- 3697697
TI  - Characterization and quantitative autoradiography of [3H]tryptamine binding sites
      in rat brain.
AB  - [3H]Tryptamine binds with high affinity (Kd = 9.1 nM, Bmax = 54 fmol/mg wet wt.)
      to tissue sections of rat brain. The binding occurs rapidly and is reversible.
      Low concentrations of the beta-carbolines harmaline (IC50 = 25 nM) and
      tetrahydronorharman (tetrahydro-beta-carboline, IC50 = 50 nM) inhibit
      [3H]tryptamine binding. Serotonin (5-HT, IC50 = 2600 nM) as well as the 5-HT
      receptor antagonists methysergide and metergoline displace [3H]tryptamine at much
      higher concentrations from brain slices. The distribution of [3H]tryptamine
      binding sites in sections of rat brain has been analyzed by quantitative
      autoradiography. The highest density of binding sites is found in the nucleus
      (n.) interpeduncularis, a slightly lower one in the locus coeruleus. Moderately
      labelled are the n. accumbens septi, n. septi lateralis, n. medialis habenulae,
      n. tractus olfactorii lateralis, the central region of the amygdala, n.
      caudatus/putamen, n. reuniens and the hippocampal formation. A low density of
      binding sites is detected in the cerebral cortex and the subiculum. Even less
      binding sites are found in the n. dorsalis raphe and the substantia nigra. The
      pattern of distribution of [3H]tryptamine binding sites differs from that of
      [3H]5-HT (5-HT1), [3H]ketanserin (5-HT2) as well as [3H]imipramine binding sites.
      These data suggest unique tryptamine binding sites.

PMID- 3697698
TI  - On the role of seizure activity in the hippocampal damage produced by
      trimethyltin.
AB  - Trimethyltin (TMT) causes a pattern of hippocampal damage in rats that is similar
      to that caused by convulsant chemicals or seen in the brains of some human
      epileptics. Therefore, we investigated the possible role that TMT-induced seizure
      activity might play in the hippocampal damage produced by this organotin. The
      morphologic effects of systemically administered TMT were compared to those of
      kainic acid given by the same route. Unlike kainate, TMT produced seizures in
      only a subset of treated animals and with a latency of days rather than minutes.
      Evaluation of morphology during the acute seizure period revealed that TMT
      induced seizures were associated with a variable pattern of granule and pyramidal
      cell necrosis and acute dendritic swelling in the two associational/commissural
      hippocampal pathways, one from CA3 to CA1-CA3 and the other from the hilus to the
      proximal dendrites of dentate granule cells. The TMT-induced damage contrasted
      sharply with the acute pattern of kainate-induced damage that consisted of acute
      dendritic swellings in the distal granule cell dendrites, hilus and mossy fiber
      region. TMT-treated rats that did not exhibit seizures in the one week after
      injection exhibited minimal pathology during this period. These results suggest
      that at least part of the damage to granule and pyramidal cells produced by TMT
      is mediated by the seizure activity produced by this compound. Although the
      resulting lesions to the CA1-CA3 pyramidal cells may appear similar in both TMT-
      and kainate-treated rats long after injection, evaluation of acute pathology
      during the active seizure phase indicates that these compounds induce seizure
      activity in different hippocampal pathways and cause different patterns of
      irreversible neuronal damage as a result.

PMID- 3697700
TI  - Peripheral sympathectomy and adrenal medullectomy do not alter cerebrospinal
      fluid norepinephrine.
AB  - Despite a blood-brain barrier for norepinephrine, the concentration of
      norepinephrine in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid has been observed to be similar.
      This relationship between plasma and cerebrospinal fluid norepinephrine levels
      suggest that peripheral sympathetic neurons innervating blood vessels to brain
      and spinal cord may contribute significantly to cerebrospinal fluid
      norepinephrine levels, and questions the validity of cerebrospinal fluid
      norepinephrine as an index of central nervous system noradrenergic activity. We
      demonstrate that extensive destruction of the peripheral sympathetic nervous
      system and the adrenal medulla has no effect on rat cerebrospinal fluid
      norepinephrine. It is therefore unlikely that peripheral sources of
      norepinephrine contribute significantly to cerebrospinal fluid norepinephrine
      levels.

PMID- 3697699
TI  - Biochemical evidence for norepinephrine stores outside the sympathetic nerves in
      rat carotid body.
AB  - Adult rats were submitted to pharmacological or surgical sympathectomy. The
      chronic administration of guanethidine caused tremendous reductions in the
      norepinephrine stores in heart and superior cervical ganglion due to the
      destruction of the sympathetic nerve fibers and cell bodies. Guanethidine
      sympathectomy resulted in a 70% loss of norepinephrine in the carotid body,
      whereas the dopamine and DOPAC contents were unaltered. The surgical
      sympathectomy induced by removing the superior cervical ganglion led to similar
      results. The present data indicate that a considerable part of norepinephrine in
      the rat carotid body is stored in the sympathetic nerves. In addition, a
      significant part of norepinephrine resides outside the sympathetic nerves,
      probably within the glomus cells.

PMID- 3697701
TI  - Bidirectional cardiovascular connections between ventrolateral medulla and
      nucleus of the solitary tract.
AB  - Single-unit recording experiments were done in chloralose-anesthetized, paralyzed
      and artificially ventilated cats to identify neurons in ventrolateral medulla
      (VLM) that send efferent axons directly to the region of the nucleus of the
      solitary tract (NTS) and receive cardiovascular afferent inputs from the carotid
      sinus (CSN) and aortic depressor (ADN) nerves and the NTS. Units in VLM were
      identified by antidromic excitation to stimulation of functionally and
      histologically verified sites in the NTS complex. Antidromic potentials were
      recorded from 34 units in VLM. Units responded with a mean antidromic latency of
      4.37 +/- 0.32 ms corresponding to a mean conduction velocity of 0.93 +/- 0.07
      m/s. Of these 34 units, 18 were excited orthodromically by stimulation of the CSN
      and/or ADN. Furthermore, 10 of the 18 units responding to stimulation of the
      buffer nerves were also orthodromically excited by stimulation of NTS. An
      additional 76 units were identified in VLM that only responded orthodromically to
      stimulation of NTS with a mean latency of 9.75 +/- 2.93 ms, of which 33 also
      responded orthodromically to stimulation of the buffer nerves. These data provide
      electrophysiological evidence of a bidirectional connection between neurons in
      VLM that receive and integrate peripheral cardiovascular afferent inputs and send
      efferent axons directly back to the region of NTS. These results suggest that
      neurons in the VLM may be part of a medullary feedback reflex loop through which
      afferent information from cardiovascular receptors exerts an influence on NTS
      neurons involved in the control of the circulation.

PMID- 3697702
TI  - Purification of adult rat sciatic nerve ciliary neuronotrophic factor.
AB  - The ciliary neuronotrophic factor (CNTF), a protein required for the survival of
      cultured avian embryonic parasympathetic ciliary ganglionic neurons, was recently
      purified from extracts of selected chick intraocular tissues. Here we report the
      purification of a mammalian CNTF activity from extracts of adult rat sciatic
      nerve using a fractionation procedure similar to that employed for isolating
      chick eye CNTF. About 2 micrograms of CNTF protein can be obtained from each 1.5
      g batch of nerve tissue. Like the chick CNTF, the mammalian factor displays
      trophic activity for dorsal root and sympathetic as well as ciliary ganglionic
      neurons. The nerve CNTF activity differs from its chick counterpart in molecular
      weight and chromatographic behavior on ion-exchange columns. Unlike purified
      nerve growth factor (NGF), nerve CNTF activity is insensitive to anti-NGF
      antibodies and is unable to support the survival of 8-day chick embryo dorsal
      root ganglion neurons.

PMID- 3697703
TI  - Activity of wrist muscles during step-tracking movements in different directions.
AB  - Human subjects made step-tracking movements of the wrist in 12 different
      directions while electromyographic activity was recorded from the long and short
      heads of the extensor carpi radialis. Three basic patterns of muscle activity
      were observed from a single muscle. The agonist pattern consisted of a large
      burst of activity beginning about 40 ms before movement onset, followed by
      relative inactivity during the movement. The antagonist pattern consisted of a
      large burst of activity beginning at or just after movement onset. The third
      pattern appeared to be a combination of agonist and antagonist patterns in a
      single muscle. These observations lead us to hypothesize that the nervous system
      has simplified the task of generating wrist movements in different directions by
      limiting the patterns of muscle activity to combinations of two basic patterns:
      agonist and antagonist.

PMID- 3697704
TI  - Photochemically induced spinal cord injury in the rat.
AB  - We have developed in the rat a minimally invasive model of reproducible spinal
      cord injury initiated photochemically. With the exposed spinal column intact, 560
      nm irradiation of the translucent dorsal surface induces excitation of the
      systemically injected dye, rose Bengal, in the spinal cord microvasculature. The
      resultant photochemical reaction leads to vascular stasis. Histopathological
      changes at 7 days include hemorrhagic necrosis of the central gray matter,
      edematous pale-staining white matter tracts and vascular congestion. At the level
      of cord irradiation (T8) the entire cord thickness is necrosed except for the
      periphery of the anterior funiculus. Voluntary motor function is consistently
      lost in the subacute phase of injury.

PMID- 3697705
TI  - Reversal of the physiological effects of monocular deprivation in adult dark
      reared cats.
AB  - If kittens are dark-reared for 4 months and subsequently monocularly sutured,
      cells in area 17 become dominated by the experienced eye. We now find that the
      effects of monocular deprivation in adult dark-reared cats can be reversed by
      suturing the experienced eye and allowing the cat to use the deprived eye, an
      effect that has previously been shown only in young kittens. The presence of
      continuous or nearly continuous visual experience during infancy is required for
      the critical period to exhaust itself--brief periods of visual experience will
      not suffice.

PMID- 3697706
TI  - Regulatory changes following kainic acid-induced striatal lesions.
AB  - Kainic acid-induced lesions (KAL) of the striatum produce body weight and
      regulatory deficits in the rat. Unlike lateral hypothalamic rats. KAL rats drink
      more during food deprivation and eat more afterwards as compared to both baseline
      conditions and control rats. The present study investigated these effects
      further. As in previous studies, food deprivation was found to cause polydipsia
      and increased postdeprivational food intake in the KAL animal. Urination and
      defecation, often used as an index of emotionality, were also found to increase
      under these conditions. When the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin was injected,
      all of these differences remained with the exception of postdeprivational feeding
      -KAL rats no longer ate more than controls. These findings suggest that
      psychogenic factors--but not hormonal influences--may play a primary role in the
      regulatory peculiarities seen in the KAL rat.

PMID- 3697707
TI  - Autoradiographic localization of muscarinic receptors in rabbit carotid body.
AB  - Muscarinic receptors in the rabbit carotid body were studied utilizing the
      specific muscarinic antagonist. [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate. Biochemical and
      autoradiographic assays of ligand binding showed that receptor numbers and
      distributions remained unchanged following degeneration of axons and terminals of
      the carotid sinus nerve. The data suggest that muscarinic receptors are
      associated with carotid body parenchymal cells and are absent on afferent nerve
      terminals.

PMID- 3697708
TI  - Influence of changes of tooth temperature on reflex and central activity evoked
      by stimulation of tooth pulp afferents.
AB  - The importance of the temperature of the dentine was studied in teeth prepared
      for electrical stimulation. During experiments with the mouth open, the
      temperature of teeth covered by cement was normal. The digastric EMG and the
      brainstem--evoked response following electrical stimulation of the tooth pulp as
      well as the threshold for eliciting a jaw-opening response remained constant
      throughout prolonged experiments. However, heat produced by the cement used to
      fixate the tooth electrodes could have damaged the tooth if the dentine
      temperature had exceeded 45 degrees C. A careful preparation of the tooth pulp by
      repeated application of thin layers of cement allowed an adequate preparation
      without damage to tooth pulp afferents.

PMID- 3697709
TI  - Retinopetal projections from a subpopulation of ganglion cells of the nervus
      terminalis in the dwarf gourami (Colisa lalia).
AB  - The ganglion cells of the nervus terminalis (NT cells) of the dwarf gourami could
      be classified into type I (giant) and type II (medium to large) cells. After
      unilateral application of cobaltic-lysine to the optic nerve, only the type II NT
      cells on the contralateral side were retrogradely labelled. The dendrites
      ramified near the cell bodies and invaded the olfactory bulb. The axons ran
      caudally, while taking dorsal and ventral courses, through the ventral
      telencephalon and the lateral preoptic area, and entered the optic tract.

PMID- 3697710
TI  - Reconnection of severed nerve axons with polyethylene glycol.
AB  - Severed medial giant axons in crayfish can be rejoined in vitro with polyethylene
      glycol (PEG) to produce axoplasmic continuity and through transmission of action
      potentials. Severed axon-like processes of a mammalian neuroblastoma/glioma cell
      line seem to be rejoined to the cell body using PEG in tissue culture. Our data
      suggest that PEG might be used to rejoin severed axons in vivo in various
      organisms.

PMID- 3697712
TI  - Demonstration of sensory innervation of rat tongue with anterogradely transported
      horseradish peroxidase.
AB  - Wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase injected into the petrosal ganglion
      in rats was transported to the posterior tongue in the glossopharyngeal nerve.
      Labelled fibers innervated the ipsilateral foliate papilla only, but both ipsi
      and contralateral sides of the single circumvallate papilla. Somatosensory fibers
      in the posterior tongue also were labelled. Label crossed transcellularly from
      the afferent fibers into taste bud cells. Use of this method provides more
      detailed knowledge of sensory innervation of the tongue than previously
      available.

PMID- 3697711
TI  - Directional sensitivity of, and neck afferent input to, cervical and lumbar
      interneurons modulated by neck rotation.
AB  - In response to neck rotation of decerebrate, acutely labyrinthectomized cats,
      interneurons in C4 respond far more frequently to nose-up than to nose down
      pitch, whereas the reverse is true for interneurons in L3-L4. These directional
      sensitivities resemble the pattern of extensor excitation in the tonic neck
      reflex. C4 neurons receiving short latency excitation from the C2 dorsal root
      ganglion due to intraspinal pathways have a distribution of directional
      sensitivities to pitch stimuli that is similar to that of the whole population.
      The directional sensitivities of C4 neurons with late excitation, which may be
      due to supraspinal loops, are more broadly distributed.

PMID- 3697713
TI  - Homologous cholinergic efferents spared by partial fimbrial lesions contribute to
      the recovery of hippocampal cholinergic enzymes in adult rats.
AB  - Cholinergic fibers spared by partial lesions of the fimbrial bundle contribute to
      the recovery of enzyme markers for hippocampal cholinergic terminals. This
      recovery, most likely representing structural restoration of cholinergic
      terminals lost to lesion-induced degeneration, is amplified by a 'conditioning'
      lesion. This model of functionally relevant postlesion reconstruction, by and of
      structures within the CNS, is suitable to search for means to enhance homotypic
      collateral sprouting.

PMID- 3697714
TI  - Light microscopic evidence of striatal input to intrapallidal neurons of
      cholinergic cell group Ch4 in the rat: a study employing the anterograde tracer
      Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L).
AB  - Injections of the anterograde tracer Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L)
      were placed in various striatal loci in the rat. Within the globus pallidus, PHA
      L-filled striatofugal axons were seen to approach cholinergic neurons, identified
      with either acetylcholinesterase histochemistry or choline acetyltransferase
      immunohistochemistry, and, apparently, to contact the surface of such cells with
      axonal varicosities. Since these varicosities are thought to mark the sites of
      synaptic terminals, such juxtapositions provide strong light-microscopic evidence
      that intrapallidal cholinergic neurons in the rat receive a direct innervation
      from the striatum and are integrated into the circuitry of the basal ganglia.

PMID- 3697715
TI  - Stimulation of tryptophan uptake into brain microvessels by D-glutamine.
AB  - The uptake of L-tryptophan into isolated porcine microvessels is increased by
      preincubation with L-glutamine as well as with D-glutamine. This could indicate
      that gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase is involved in the stimulation of uptake of
      large neutral amino acids into the brain observed in hyperammonemic conditions.

PMID- 3697716
TI  - Lack of correlation between cortical levels of choline acetyltransferase and
      learning scores in rats with globus pallidus lesions.
AB  - Previous work has shown that rats with lesions of the globus pallidus (GP)
      exhibit a generalized learning impairment. Data are presented suggesting that
      this impairment is not due to inadvertent damage to the nucleus basalis
      magnocellularis. Rats with GP lesions evidenced a significant visual
      discrimination learning loss and a significant reduction in cortical choline
      acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity. However, there was no significant correlation
      between the severity of the learning loss and the amount of reduction of cortical
      ChAT activity.

PMID- 3697717
TI  - Increase in hypothalamic cholecystokinin following acute and chronic morphine.
AB  - Recent evidence supports an antagonistic interaction between cholecystokinin
      (CCK) and opiate peptides. The present study determined the effects of various
      levels of morphine treatment on hypothalamic levels of CCK as determined by
      radioimmunoassay. Acute treatment with morphine sulfate (10 mg/kg) or
      implantation of one morphine pellet (75 mg free base) increased levels of CCK in
      whole hypothalamus. Increased exposure to morphine by either chronic injections
      or implantation of two pellets did not result in a further change in whole
      hypothalamic CCK levels. In samples dissected into hypothalamic subregions, the
      effect of morphine on CCK levels was localized to medial but not lateral or
      posterior regions. These experiments extend earlier in vitro findings and suggest
      that some of the physiological and behavioral effects of opiate peptides may
      result from modulation of endogenous CCK.

PMID- 3697718
TI  - Three-dimensional metabolic mapping of the freeze-trapped brain: effects of
      ischemia in the Mongolian gerbil.
AB  - The effects of unilateral carotid artery (left or right) occlusion on the three
      dimensional metabolic mapping were studied in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones
      unguiculatus). The brain was freeze-trapped by the liquid nitrogen funnel
      technique and was analyzed for the two-dimensional distribution of the reduced
      pyridine nucleotides and oxidized flavoprotein using a time-sharing micro-light
      guide surface fluorometer/reflectometer. The results could be summarized as
      follows. Bilateral carotid artery occlusion induced uniform effects in terms of
      redox state in the cerebral cortex and the olfactory bulbs. After unilateral
      carotid occlusion, the redox state of the ischemic ipsilateral hemisphere was
      higher and was not affected by blood volume changes as evaluated from the
      reflectance signal scanned in several brains. The narrow band of tissue near the
      midline of the ischemic hemisphere connected to the contralateral hemisphere
      blood supply appeared in a large number of gerbils. The anomaly in the redox
      state of the intracellular space also appeared in subcortical structures, as seen
      in all the two-dimensional mappings measured. It seems that blood circulation to
      the two olfactory bulbs is connected to the same blood vessel. It is suggested
      that unilateral carotid artery-occluded gerbils may show large variability inside
      the same hemisphere and therefore results must be evaluated very carefully.

PMID- 3697719
TI  - Elicitation of intraspecific defensive behaviors in the rat by microinjection of
      picrotoxin, a gamma-aminobutyric acid antagonist, into the midbrain
      periaqueductal gray matter.
AB  - Behavioral reactions induced in the rat by microinjections of a gamma
      aminobutyric acid (GABA) antagonist (picrotoxin; 25 and 50 ng in 0.25 microliter)
      into the midbrain periaqueductal gray matter were measured in an open-field test
      and when the animal was confronted by a conspecific introduced into its cage
      (i.e. resident-intruder paradigm). In the open-field, microinjections of
      picrotoxin significantly increased backward locomotion while decreasing self
      grooming. In the resident-intruder paradigm, microinjections of picrotoxin
      selectively increased defensive reactions (defensive uprights, defensive
      sideways, retreat) while offensive behaviors were rather reduced. In addition,
      the actual nature of the effects was found to depend upon the intruder's relative
      position. Defensive reactions were significantly increased when the partner was
      on the side contralateral to the injection site, whereas social approach
      behaviors (fur investigation, anogenital investigation) were decreased when the
      partner was located on the ipsilateral side. These data suggest the involvement
      of GABAergic synapses within the midbrain periaqueductal gray matter in the
      control of intraspecific defensive behaviors in the rat.

PMID- 3697720
TI  - Origin of ascending auditory projections to the nucleus mesencephalicus lateralis
      pars dorsalis in the chicken.
AB  - Ascending auditory projections to the nucleus mesencephalicus lateralis pars
      dorsalis (MLd) were studied in white Leghorn chickens by means of unilateral
      injections of horseradish peroxidase into the MLd and by injections of tritiated
      leucine into nucleus angularis or the combined nucleus magnocellularis and
      nucleus laminaris. The experiments showed that nucleus angularis sends an
      extensive projection to the contralateral MLd and a smaller projection to the
      rostral pole of the ipsilateral MLd; the lagenar region contributes to these
      bilateral connections. Nucleus angularis also projects bilaterally to the
      superior olive and nucleus ventralis lemnisci lateralis and to the contralateral
      nucleus lemnisci lateralis pars ventralis and dorsal nucleus of the lateral
      lemniscus. Projections from nucleus laminaris were demonstrated to the
      ipsilateral superior olive, to the contralateral lemniscal nuclei and a small
      medial region in MLd bilaterally; the contralateral projection is much denser
      than the ipsilateral one. Other nuclei having ascending connections with MLd
      include the contralateral superior olive, the ipsilateral nucleus lemnisci
      lateralis pars ventralis, the contralateral nucleus ventralis lemnisci lateralis
      and the contralateral MLd. The ipsilateral superior olive and nucleus ventralis
      lemnisci lateralis also project to MLd but much more sparsely than in their
      contralateral projection. Although several of these findings correspond with
      auditory connections previously shown in the pigeon brainstem, they differ
      fundamentally in that we find both nucleus angularis and nucleus laminaris
      projecting to different areas of the MLd on both sides of the brain. In
      particular, our observation that the cochlear nucleus has bilateral connections
      with MLd demonstrates an important avian similarity with the brainstem auditory
      pathways of other terrestrial vertebrates.

PMID- 3697721
TI  - Permanent alteration of peptide feedback on dopamine neurons after injection of
      alpha-melanotropin antiserum at a critical period of postnatal development.
AB  - Tonic inhibition of alpha-MSH secretion by the tubero-hypophyseal dopamine (DA)
      neurons of the rat starts at the end of the first postnatal week, after a peak in
      plasma MSH at days 5 and 6. In order to obtain information on the maturation of
      central control, we studied the development of alpha-MSH feedback on DA neurons
      and the possible role of circulating peptide. The characteristic response of
      these DA neurons to i.p. alpha-MSH, i.e., an acute rise in cellular fluorescence
      intensity as determined by microfluorimetry, was not yet detected at day 4 but
      present at day 8. When rats were injected i.v. with antiserum to alpha-MSH on
      days 5 and 6 and tested as adults, their DA neurons failed to react to i.p. alpha
      MSH (2-100 micrograms/kg), but they were still responsive to prolactin (600
      micrograms/kg). The DA system was already unresponsive to alpha-MSH at postnatal
      day 8. Antiserum injection on days 11 and 12, when plasma MSH is low, did not
      affect the reaction of DA neurons to alpha-MSH on day 14. These developmental
      processes were analogous in both sexes. Injections of control serum were
      ineffective. Our observations indicate that the feedback reaction of DA neurons
      to alpha-MSH develops in conjunction with the onset of inhibitory control of MSH
      release. The presence of alpha-MSH during a critical period appears to be
      necessary for the development of the responsiveness of DA neurons to the peptide
      hormone.

PMID- 3697722
TI  - There is less thalamic degeneration in neonatal-lesioned than in adult-lesioned
      cats after cerebral hemispherectomy.
AB  - In order to study age-related processes of degeneration and recovery, the left
      hemitelencephalon was surgically removed in 5 adult cats and 5 neonatal kittens
      which were compared to 5 intact controls. After long survival, brains were
      sectioned in the coronal plane and thionine-stained. Drawings of gross and
      microscopic thalamic structures were made at 4 planes and computer-digitized to
      provide 7 measures: total thalamic area at planes A 7.5 and A 8.5; counts of
      neuroglia, small neurons (31-100 microns2) and large neurons (101-1000 microns2);
      area of neuroglia, small neurons and large neurons. All cellular measurements
      were in the ventrobasal complex at planes A 8.0 and A 10.0. Morphological changes
      were found bilaterally in all lesioned cats. Ipsilateral to the ablation in adult
      lesioned cats, thalamic area, large neuron count and glia cells size were
      markedly and significantly decreased (P less than 0.01), while in neonatal
      lesioned cats these changes were present but significantly reduced in magnitude
      compared to adult-lesioned animals. In addition, adult-lesioned cats showed a
      marked increase in glial cell numbers (P less than 0.01) and a decrease in small
      neuron size (P less than 0.01), while kitten-lesioned animals did not show
      changes in these measures. In the intact side of the brain, the thalamus of adult
      lesioned cats was decreased in size (P less than 0.01), and glial cells were
      decreased in number and size (P less than 0.05), while in kitten-lesioned brains
      there were few changes. In both lesioned groups large neurons showed a
      significant increase in size (P less than 0.01). We conclude that neonatal
      hemispherectomy results in markedly less thalamic atrophy, retrograde neuronal
      degeneration and gliosis than the equivalent lesion in adults. The changes are
      discussed in the context of the increased neuroanatomical reorganization and
      functional recovery which were reported in neonatal- vs adult-lesioned animals.

PMID- 3697723
TI  - Changes in the noradrenergic innervation of the area dentata after axotomy of
      coeruleohippocampal projections or unilateral lesion of the locus coeruleus.
AB  - Lesions of the septal region result in a significant decrease in the
      norepinephrine content of the area dentata. Over a period of one year,
      norepinephrine levels return to normal, presumably due to the proliferation of
      remaining locus coeruleus fibers. Unilateral lesions of the locus coeruleus
      produce reductions in [3H]norepinephrine uptake values of about 70% and 30% in
      the ipsilateral and contralateral area dentata, respectively. By 12 weeks after
      lesion, the noradrenergic fiber density in the contralateral area dentata is
      within the range of control measurements, whereas the area dentata ipsilateral to
      the lesion remains significantly depleted of noradrenergic fibers. At 26 weeks
      postlesion, no further change was observed in the noradrenergic fiber density of
      either area dentata. These results are interpreted in light of the hypothesis
      that locus coeruleus axon proliferation is induced by axotomy and represents the
      expansion of intact collaterals of damaged fibers.

PMID- 3697724
TI  - A Parkinson-like neurologic deficit in primates is caused by a novel 4
      substituted piperidine.
AB  - A neurologic deficit characterized by hypokinesia, postural flexion, and to a
      lesser extent, rigidity, tremor and myoclonus, has been observed in cynomolgus
      monkeys following administration of 1-methyl-4-(1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)-4
      piperidinol (MMPP), a novel 4-substituted piperidine. The syndrome, similar to
      that described for 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), developed
      within 3-7 days after oral or i.v. dosing, and was accompanied by lesions in the
      substantia nigra. The behavioral syndrome was seen to a lesser extent in dogs but
      not in rats. MMPP contains a hydroxyl group on the 4-position of the pyridine
      ring; the corresponding dehydration product was inactive.

PMID- 3697726
TI  - Effect of central noradrenaline depletion on corticosterone levels and gastric
      ulcerations in rats.
AB  - Effects of central noradrenergic depletion on the stress responses of rats were
      explored using the new selective neurotoxin (N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2
      bromobenzylamine (DSP-4)). Noradrenergic depletion using DSP-4 was followed by a
      reduction in basal corticosterone levels after 7 days. Three weeks after DSP-4
      treatment, animals exhibited less severe and fewer gastric ulcerations than
      control animals following 23 h immobilization stress, but stress levels of
      corticosterone were similar for the two groups. No differences could be found in
      the peripheral gastric levels of noradrenaline between experimental and control
      animals, while central noradrenaline was reduced to approximately 30% of control
      levels. The data support previous findings using other methods that central
      noradrenaline is an important factor in stress-induced gastric ulceration. The
      peripheral mechanisms for the protective effects of DSP-4 remain to be
      elucidated, and studies of these may cast light on the efferent pathways between
      the central nervous system and gastric mucosa which are involved in stress
      induced gastric pathology.

PMID- 3697725
TI  - Inhibition of GABA uptake in the rat hippocampal slice.
AB  - Pharmacological manipulations known to inhibit GABA uptake prolonged GABA-evoked
      conductance increases in CA1 pyramidal cells in the rat hippocampal slice
      preparation. Treatments included reduction of extracellular sodium and exposure
      to cis-4-OH-nipecotic acid, nipecotic acid or L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid (all at 1
      mM). These effects contrast with the results obtained with 4-OH-isonipecotic
      acid, an inactive structural analog of nipecotic acid, which had no effect on the
      time-course of GABA responses. 4,5,6,7-Tetrahydroisoxazolo[4,5-c]pyridine-3-ol
      (THPO), an impotent but selective inhibitor of GABA uptake into glia, did not
      prolong GABA-evoked responses. The effect of sodium reduction depended on the
      distance between the source of GABA and its receptors, as predicted for an uptake
      limited response. GABA-receptor agonists that are poor substrates for GABA uptake
      (muscimol, thiomuscimol, piperidine-4-sulphonic acid, isoguvacine and 4,5,6,7
      tetrahydroisoxazolo[5,4-c]pyridine-3-ol (THIP) evoked very long conductance
      changes that were not further prolonged by uptake inhibitors. These results
      demonstrate the presence of a functional GABA uptake system in the hippocampal
      slice. The accessibility of hippocampal GABAergic synapses and the known
      susceptibility of the hippocampus to epileptiform events suggest that the
      hippocampal slice could be a valuable CNS preparation to study the role of GABA
      uptake in synaptic physiology.

PMID- 3697727
TI  - A morphometric analysis of pyramidal tract structures during postnatal
      undernourishment and recovery.
AB  - Rats were postnatally undernourished during the suckling period (up to 20 days)
      and the brainstems of the perfused rats were dissected and prepared for
      electronmicroscopy at 21, 35 and 63 days of age. The effects on myelin were
      relatively mild and consisted primarily of a slight reduction in the relative
      numbers of myelinated fibers, most likely caused by a lag in the rate of loss of
      non-myelinated fibers, and fewer lamellae in myelinated axons of less than 2.5
      micron circumference. Organelles were examined in the interfasicular
      oligodendroglia and in paragigantocellular reticular neurons immediately dorsal
      to the pyramidal tract. The numbers of mitochondrial particles in neuronal
      perikarya were significantly increased by postnatal undernourishment, although
      the numbers of other organelles appeared normal. Increased numbers of
      mitochondria persisted in nutritionally rehabilitated rats. Mitochondrial
      particles in oligodendroglia were not altered.

PMID- 3697728
TI  - Oxytocin potently enhances novelty-induced grooming behavior in the rat.
AB  - Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of oxytocin was followed by an
      enhancement of novelty-induced grooming in male and female rats. This effect was
      dose-dependent, in a dose range of 0.1-10 micrograms. Grooming activity of rats
      injected i.c.v. with 10 micrograms of oxytocin was 9-fold higher than that of
      saline-injected controls. The analysis of behavioral element composition revealed
      an increased occurrence of genital grooming in oxytocin-injected rats. A time
      course study revealed a sustained increase in grooming activity of oxytocin
      treated rats during 45 min of behavioral testing. Intraperitoneal (i.p.)
      injection of the dopamine antagonist, haloperidol, totally suppressed oxytocin
      enhanced grooming. Furthermore, i.p. injection of the opiate receptor antagonist,
      naloxone, was followed by an attenuation but not a suppression of grooming
      enhanced by i.c.v. administration of oxytocin. In addition, a small but
      significant increase in grooming activity was observed after subcutaneous
      injection of oxytocin. These results suggest that oxytocin-enhanced grooming
      behavior involves central mechanisms, e.g. dopamine and opioid transmission in
      the brain.

PMID- 3697729
TI  - The distribution of transferrin immunoreactivity in the rat central nervous
      system.
AB  - Recent studies have demonstrated receptors in the nervous system for transferrin,
      the iron binding and transport protein in the blood. This study using
      immunohistochemistry at the light and electron microscopic levels demonstrates
      that transferrin (Tf) is found predominantly in oligodendrocytes in both the gray
      and white matter of the cerebral cortex, cerebellum and spinal cord. Within the
      cerebral cortex, layer V has more Tf-labeled cells than the other cortical
      layers. In the spinal cord, lamina VII has the highest density of Tf-positive
      cells. Based on location, 3 types of oligodendrocytes can be described:
      perineuronal, interfascicular and perivascular. In addition to oligodendrocytes,
      endothelial cells and possibly some neuronal membranes of layer V pyramidal and
      anterior horn cells label with Tf antiserum. Ultrastructurally, Tf reaction
      product is homogeneously distributed throughout the perinuclear cytoplasm of both
      oligodendrocytes and endothelial cells. The importance of iron in motor and
      behavior function is well established although the mechanism of action of iron in
      the CNS is not well understood. The presence of Tf in oligodendrocytes implies
      that these neuroglia are involved in iron mobilization and storage in the CNS.
      Stored quantities of iron and the ability to mobilize the iron through stored
      transferrin may be the reason for the extreme dietary restrictions necessary to
      induce iron-deficient CNS disorders.

PMID- 3697730
TI  - Patterned stimulation at the theta frequency is optimal for the induction of
      hippocampal long-term potentiation.
AB  - Short, high frequency stimulation bursts (4 pulses at 100 Hz) were applied to
      Schaffer/commissural projections to the CA1 field of rat hippocampal slices at
      0.1, 0.2, 1.0 or 2.0-s intervals to assess their efficacy in eliciting long-term
      potentiation (LTP). Bursts repeated at 2-s intervals induced very little LTP;
      shorter repetition intervals reliably elicited LTP, with the 200-ms repetition
      interval producing the greatest potentiation. A short-term potentiation effect,
      which was maximal 20 s after the last burst and decayed within 10 min, was
      affected differently by the stimulation parameters than was LTP, suggesting that
      the two phenomena are due to different processes. The results indicate that
      patterns of stimulation resembling spike discharge patterns of hippocampal
      neurons in animals in exploratory situations are effective in inducing LTP and
      suggest temporal constraints on the mechanisms involved in triggering synaptic
      plasticity.

PMID- 3697731
TI  - Volitional movement is not preceded by cortical slow negativity in cerebellar
      dentate lesion in man.
AB  - Slow negative potential preceding voluntary self-paced middle finger extension,
      as recorded from scalp electrodes by backward averaging technique, was absent in
      two patients with dyssynergia cerebellaris myoclonica (Ramsay Hunt syndrome); but
      present in two patients with cerebellar cortical degeneration. As the main
      pathological lesion in Ramsay Hunt syndrome is in the dentate nucleus and its
      efferent pathway, the present results are in conformity with the experimental
      finding that the premotor and motor cortices receive strong inputs from the
      cerebellar efferent system.

PMID- 3697732
TI  - Intracellular recordings from pineal cells in tissue culture: membrane properties
      and response to norepinephrine.
AB  - Membrane properties and responsiveness to norepinephrine were studied in
      pinealocytes in tissue culture using both conventional and whole-cell patch-clamp
      techniques. Action potentials could be recorded in normal and tetrodotoxin
      containing saline. Both outward and inward rectification were prominent. Under
      voltage-clamp, depolarizing voltage steps evoked time-dependent outward currents
      showing no inactivation over time. Hyperpolarizing steps evoked slowly developing
      inward currents which did not inactivate. If the holding potential was
      sufficiently negative, depolarizing steps also elicited a transient outward
      current. Iontophoresis of norepinephrine produced a hyperpolarization in 30% of
      cells tested.

PMID- 3697734
TI  - The pattern of functional coupling of brain regions in the awake rat.
AB  - The functional interactions among many regions of the rat brain were
      characterized simultaneously by using a new method for analyzing regional
      cerebral metabolic rates for glucose (rCMRglc). Regional CMRglc, a measure of
      regional functional activity, was determined in 68 brain regions of 24 awake,
      male, 3-month-old Fischer rats by the quantitative autoradiographic
      [14C]deoxyglucose technique. Because rCMRglc for each region varies among
      subjects, the functional coupling of two regions can be assessed by determining
      whether their metabolic rate change in a coordinated manner from rat to rat.
      Positive coupling arises if, for each rat, higher rCMRglc in one region is
      accompanied by a higher metabolic rate in another area; likewise, regions whose
      metabolic rates vary inversely are negatively coupled. A pairwise coupling can be
      quantified by calculating the linear correlation coefficient for points whose
      coordinates represent rCMRglc values for the two regions in each of the 24 rats.
      Correlation coefficients were calculated for each possible region pair among the
      68 areas studied. The technique of partial correlation was used to weight equally
      the contribution of each rat to the correlation coefficient, regardless of its
      overall mean CMRglc. In general, highly positive couplings (R greater than 0.5)
      were found between adjacent or nearby regions, whereas distant region pairs often
      were coupled negatively (R less than -0.5). A large number of positive couplings
      were found between left-right homologous regions and between neocortical areas.
      Similar findings in humans, obtained by positron emission tomography, have been
      reported. This technique uses inter-animal variation in rCMRglc to demonstrate
      functional interactions among brain areas, thus providing a method to explore
      anatomical-functional linkages in a given experimental state.

PMID- 3697733
TI  - Cortical cells driven by the low-threshold tooth pulpal afferent in cats.
AB  - The input pattern and spatial distribution of tooth pulp-driven neurons (TPNs) in
      the cat cortex were studied by recording the unitary activities of these neurons.
      Stimulation was applied to the upper and lower canine and molar tooth pulps. It
      was possible to record activities of TPNs in the deep layers of the areas 3a and
      3b of the coronal gyrus of cerebral cortex. TPNs driven by the ipsilateral tooth
      pulp stimulation were distributed more anteroventrally than those driven by
      contralateral stimulation. Cells driven by bilateral pulp stimulation were
      situated between these two neurons. The threshold intensity for TPNs in the area
      3a was lower than that for neurons in 3b. The majority of TPNs in the area 3a of
      the anterior part of the coronal gyrus received inputs from low-threshold
      masseteric muscular afferents as well as from tooth pulp afferents. The findings
      suggest that TPNs in the area 3a may have a relation to orofacial motor
      functions.

PMID- 3697735
TI  - Response of nucleus raphe magnus neurons to electrical stimulation of nucleus
      cuneiformis: role of acetylcholine.
AB  - There is considerable evidence that cells in the ventral medulla which includes
      nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) and nucleus magnocellularis are involved in a
      descending pain inhibitory system. Anatomical studies indicate a strong
      projection from nucleus cuneiformis (NCF) to the ventral medulla and
      histochemical studies suggest that many NCF neurons are cholinergic. Therefore,
      we investigated the effect of NCF stimulation on NRM unit activity and explored
      the possible role of acetylcholine (ACh) in this interaction. Of 180 NRM neurons
      examined, 43% were excited and 14% were inhibited by NCF stimulation. The average
      latency to the peak excitatory response was about 14 ms with a range of 5-32 ms.
      There was a tendency for the response latencies to cluster around 5 and 14 ms.
      Inhibitory responses were between 10 and 65 ms in duration. The anatomical
      specificity of the effective stimulation site was assessed by determining the
      response of a given NRM neuron to stimulation of areas dorsal and ventral as well
      as within NCF. The most reliable and intense responses of NRM neurons was
      observed with electrode placements within NCF. The most effective NCF region for
      activating NRM neurons corresponded to that region of NCF that contains a large
      population of neurons that project directly to NRM as seen in the present
      histochemical studies. The involvement of ACh in the interaction between NCF and
      NRM was examined with iontophoretic application of ACh and its antagonists. Of
      NRM neurons that responded to ACh, 79% were excited, an effect which was blocked
      by scopolamine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3697736
TI  - Comparison of response properties of dorsal and ventral spinocerebellar tract
      neurons to a physiological stimulus.
AB  - The response characteristics of dorsal spinocerebellar tract (DSCT) neurons and
      ventral spinocerebellar tract (VSCT) neurons to the cutaneous inputs applied to
      footpads were studied in the cat. Three different wave forms were used: step
      displacement of varying amplitudes (0.1-3.5 mm); constant amplitude ramps with
      different slopes (5-120 mm/s); and constant amplitude sinusoidal displacements of
      varying frequencies (1-20 Hz). Both DSCT and VSCT neurons responded phasically to
      cutaneous stimuli of different wave forms. The phasic responses were related to
      both the amplitude and velocity of the peripheral stimulus. However, the
      responses of DSCT neurons were graded over only a very narrow, low range of
      stimulus intensities, whereas the responses of VSCT neurons were graded over a
      larger range of skin indentation up to 3 mm. Only the DSCT neurons exhibited some
      length sensitivity to ramp stimuli, and only DSCT neurons were activated
      repetitively by periodic stimuli. These results suggest both DSCT and VSCT can
      transmit exteroceptive information but respond selectively to different features
      of these stimuli.

PMID- 3697737
TI  - Adaptation to cold antagonizes neurotensin-induced hypothermia in mice.
AB  - Intracerebrally-administered neurotensin produces a marked hypothermia in a
      variety of mammals. In this study, prior adaptation to a cold environment was
      found to significantly antagonize the hypothermia produced by intracisternally
      administered neurotensin in mice. This antagonism required both previous exposure
      to cold ambient temperatures and cold exposure immediately prior to, or
      simultaneously with, neurotensin administration. The antagonism of neurotensin
      induced hypothermia by prior cold-adaptation was blocked by indomethacin, but not
      by acetylsalicylic acid, suggesting that brain prostaglandin synthesis may be
      essential for this newly-discovered phenomenon.

PMID- 3697738
TI  - Pontine pressor sites which release vasopressin.
AB  - Electrical stimulation of sites within the parabrachial nucleus (PBN; 0.2 ms
      pulses at 50 hz for 10 s, 100 microA) of chloralose-anesthetized rats elicited
      increases in mean arterial pressure (+ 34 +/- 2 mm Hg, n = 13). In rats in which
      the electrode tip was located in the dorsal and lateral portions of the PBN,
      electrical stimulation also produced a small increase in plasma levels of
      arginine vasopressin (VP; 6.7 +/- 0.9 pg/ml before stimulation to 16.5 +/- 3.9
      pg/ml after, n = 7, P less than 0.05). No change in VP levels was observed with
      stimulation of more medial and ventral portions of the PBN. Following blockade of
      the autonomic nervous system (by i.v. injection of chlorisondamine plus infusion
      of phenylephrine to prevent hypotension) VP release in response to stimulation of
      the lateral and dorsal portions of the PBN was greatly enhanced (8.8 +/- 1.4
      pg/ml following ganglionic blockade but before PBN stimulation and 82 +/- 27
      pg/ml following stimulation, P less than 0.01) and this increase in VP release
      was sufficient to increase arterial pressure (+ 18 +/- 3 mm Hg, P less than
      0.01). Electrical stimulation of the locus coeruleus (LC) produced a pressor
      response of similar magnitude to that produced by PBN stimulation. LC stimulation
      also increased plasma VP release (5.6 +/- 0.3 pg/ml before stimulation, 13 +/- 3
      pg/ml following stimulation, and 30 +/- 8 pg/ml following stimulation in the
      ganglionic blocked state; n = 5).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3697739
TI  - The sources of extracellular potassium accumulation in the CA1 region of
      hippocampal slices.
AB  - To estimate the relative contributions of pre- and postsynaptic elements, and of
      synaptic and action potential-related currents, to the elevation of interstitial
      potassium ([K+]o) that occurs during neural activation, we measured [K+]o and
      focal electrical potential (Vec) during ortho- and antidromic stimulation, before
      and after blocking synaptic transmission, in the CA1 region of hippocampal tissue
      slices in vitro. Single stimulus pulses could cause delta [K+]o as large as 0.25
      mM in stratum (st.) pyramidale and 0.27 mM in st. radiatum; stimulus trains could
      cause delta [K+]o as large as 10.5 mM in st. pyramidale and 6.25 mM in st.
      radiatum. Stimulus trains also caused negative Vec shifts; these shifts were
      related in a linear fashion to delta [K+]o. For a given increase in [K+]o, the
      change in Vec was greater in st. radiatum than in st. pyramidale. In st.
      pyramidale, the delta [K+]o evoked by antidromic stimulation was 65% of the delta
      [K+]o evoked by orthodromic stimulation (with equal population spike amplitudes).
      Blockade of synaptic transmission by removal of Ca2+ reduced orthodromically
      evoked delta [K+]o in st. radiatum by 52%; delta [K+]o in st. pyramidale was
      abolished. Removal of Ca2+ caused an 11% decrease in the delta [K+]o evoked in
      st. pyramidale by antidromic stimulation. We conclude that in the layer of
      dendritic trees (st. radiatum), approximately half of the K+ ions released into
      the interstitial space during orthodromic stimulation come from presynaptic
      terminals, with the remainder probably resulting from the ion currents of
      postsynaptic potentials. Among the pyramidal cell bodies (st. pyramidale), almost
      all of the excess K+ is released by action potential currents.

PMID- 3697740
TI  - Dopamine receptor-mediated inhibition of serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity
      in retina.
AB  - The possible involvement of catecholamines in the regulation of serotonin N
      acetyltransferase (NAT) activity in retina of the African clawed frog was
      investigated using an in vitro eye cup preparation. Dopamine (10 microM) and
      norepinephrine (50 microM) had no significant effect on NAT activity of eye cups
      incubated in the light. However, dopamine inhibited the increase of retinal NAT
      activity that occurs in eye cups incubated in darkness; the ED50 for dopamine was
      0.3 microM. The effect of dopamine on NAT activity was mimicked by the dopamine
      receptor agonists apomorphine and bromocriptine, but not by agonists of alpha 1-,
      alpha 2- or beta-adrenergic receptors. Dopamine-mediated inhibition of NAT
      activity was antagonized by spiroperidol and by alpha-flupenthixol, but not by
      beta-flupenthixol, phentolamine or timolol. Benztropine, an inhibitor of dopamine
      reuptake, also decreased NAT activity in eye cups incubated in the dark. The
      inhibitory effect of benztropine was antagonized by spiroperidol, suggesting that
      it was mediated by an increase in the extracellular concentration of endogenous
      dopamine. These studies indicate that the regulation of NAT activity in the
      retina is subject to modulation by a dopamine receptor-mediated mechanism and
      suggest that dopamine may play a role in the inhibition of NAT activity by light.

PMID- 3697741
TI  - The role of glial cells in regulation of neurotransmitter amino acids in the
      external environment. II. Mechanism of aspartate transport.
AB  - Active, high-affinity (Km = 4.4 microM) D-aspartate transport in C6 astrocytoma
      cells has been investigated. Uptake of radioactive D-aspartate was competitively
      inhibited by L-aspartate (Ki = 8.5 microM) and L-glutamate (Ki = 0.95 mM) and was
      essentially independent of pH between 6.2 and 7.8. The rate of uptake of labeled
      D-aspartate and its maximum accumulation ratio, [Asp]i/[Asp]e increased as the
      second power of the transmembrane electrical potential (measured by the potassium
      concentration gradient, [K+]i/[K+]e) which indicates that aspartate is
      transported with a net charge of +2. Aspartate transport rate and gradient also
      increased as the second power of the sodium concentration gradient,
      [Na+]e/[Na+]i, indicating that two Na+ are transported inward with each
      aspartate. The maximum gradient measured from total intra- and extracellular
      concentrations of aspartate showed the same dependence on electrical potential
      and sodium concentration gradient as that determined from the distribution of
      [3H]D-aspartate. This indicates that energy for aspartate uptake is provided by a
      combination of transmembrane electrical potential and sodium concentration
      gradient. At physiological [Na+]e (140 mM) and [K+]e (3.5-5 mM) the energy
      available for aspartate uptake substantially exceeded the maximum aspartate
      gradient. It is suggested that aspartate uptake by C6 cells is kinetically
      prevented from attaining high concentration differences and that the excess of
      driving forces over accumulation ratio ensures that glial high-affinity transport
      systems for amino acid neurotransmitters function in vivo predominantly in the
      direction of net uptake.

PMID- 3697742
TI  - Regional [3H]testosterone uptake in the brain of isolated non-aggressive mice.
AB  - Male mice which are housed individually develop a characteristic aggressive,
      'fighting' behavior. A small percentage of mice so isolated fail to become
      aggressive and in fact, behaviorally are strikingly different in that they
      develop a 'timid' behavior. Isolation-induced aggression is an androgen-dependent
      behavior and androgen-sensitive neurons have been identified in mouse brain,
      mainly in the limbic system. When intact isolated aggressive mice and isolated
      and aggregated non-aggressive mice were injected with radioactive testosterone
      and sacrificed after 30 min no remarkable differences in uptake of radioactive
      testosterone occurred in various brain areas. However, in castrated animals the
      uptake of testosterone was greatly enhanced in the isolated non-fighters whereas
      testosterone uptake in the isolated fighters and aggregated non-fighters was in
      the range of the intact animals. This study represents, for the first time, a
      documented hormonal difference between isolated aggressive and non-aggressive
      animals.

PMID- 3697743
TI  - Tectal projection neurons to the retinopetal nucleus in the filefish.
AB  - Following horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injections into the preoptic retinopetal
      nucleus (PRN), neurons in the ipsilateral optic tectum were labeled retrogradely.
      Labeled neurons exhibited a 'Golgi-like' appearance, somata of these neurons were
      pyriform or round, and most of them were located in the stratum album centrale
      (SAC) or the stratum periventriculare (SPV). These neurons had a long apical
      dendrite, which ramified in the upper-half of SGC into horizontally arborized
      dendritic fields. The main trunk of the apical dendrites also gave off several
      branches in the stratum fibrosum et griseum superficiale (SFGS) and reached the
      stratum opticum (SO). These neurons resemble the 'large pyriform neurons' of
      Vanegas et al. (Vanegas, H., Laufer, M. and Amat, J., The optic tectum of a
      perciform teleost. I. General configuration and cytoarchitecture, J. Comp.
      Neurol., 154 (1974) 43-60) except that in the tecto-PRN neurons the axons
      originates from the apical dendritic shaft at or near the level of the SAC.
      Judging from their dendritic patterns, the tectal neurons projecting indirectly
      to the retina may receive non-retinal inputs besides the retinal input.

PMID- 3697744
TI  - The effects of serotonin on the morpho-functional development of rat cerebral
      neocortex in tissue culture.
AB  - The morpho-functional development of the visual area of the cerebral cortex of
      newborn rats and effects of serotonin (5-HT) on these processes were studied in
      long-term (up to 40 days) organotypic cultures. It was shown that systematic
      addition of 5-HT in physiological concentrations to the nutrient medium during
      cultivation of the explants stimulates glia proliferation, neuron
      differentiation, neuropil formation, axon myelination and synaptogenesis.
      Electrophysiological studies of cortical cells in 5-HT-treated cultures showed
      earlier exhibition of spontaneous activity, increased number (by 33%) of
      spontaneously firing neurons and prevalence of periodic (bursting) type of
      discharges. Cultivation of neurons in a medium with 5-HT approximates their
      sensitivity to 5-HT to that observed in situ. The data obtained are indicative of
      the stimulating effects of 5-HT on the morpho-functional development of the rat
      cerebral cortex in tissue culture.

PMID- 3697745
TI  - Duration of plastic change in a modifiable efference copy.
AB  - A modifiable efference copy associated with the motor command that elicits an
      electric organ discharge (EOD) is found in mormyrid electric fish. It is a
      negative image of the expected effect of the afferent input that follows the EOD.
      A change in the afferent input pattern causes, over time, a corresponding change
      in the efference copy. The negative image is retained for at least one half-hour
      when the motor command is artificially silenced.

PMID- 3697746
TI  - Supraspinal modulation of nociception in awake rats by stimulation of the dorsal
      column nuclei.
AB  - Rats with bilateral dorsal column (DC) lesions and chronic placement of
      stimulating electrodes on DC nuclei (DCN) and sham-operated rats were studied
      using the tail immersion test for phasic pain and the formalin test for tonic
      pain. DCN stimulation produced a clear inhibitory effect, through a supraspinal
      loop, in both phasic and tonic pain in awake rats.

PMID- 3697747
TI  - Inhibitory connections between motor neurons modify a centrally generated motor
      pattern in the leech nervous system.
AB  - Both excitatory and inhibitory motor neurons innervate longitudinal body wall
      muscles in the leech Hirudo medicinalis. Each inhibitory motor neuron also
      centrally inhibits the excitatory motor neurons that innervate its same muscle
      field. This central inhibition is strong, probably monosynaptic, and largely a
      function of graded membrane potential changes in the inhibitory motor neurons.
      During leech swimming, both the excitatory and inhibitory motor neurons are
      rhythmically active. Here, we present evidence that the inhibitory motor neurons
      phasically inhibit the excitatory motor neurons during swimming, thereby
      augmenting the amplitude of membrane potential oscillations and the burst
      intensity of the excitors.

PMID- 3697748
TI  - Developmental appearance of light-dark entrainment in the rat.
AB  - Previous studies show that the developing circadian system is entrained by a
      maternal signal during the prenatal and early postnatal period. The present study
      investigated the developmental onset of retina-mediated, light-dark entrainment.
      Juvenile rats were exposed to phase-shifts in the light-dark cycle at different
      ages and the pineal N-acetyltransferase rhythm was monitored on postnatal day 10.
      The results show that retina-mediated, light-dark entrainment begins by postnatal
      day 6 and overrides maternal entrainment by postnatal day 8.

PMID- 3697749
TI  - Is there morphological separation between the spinal cord motor nuclei which
      innervate the heads of a multiheaded muscle?
AB  - Horseradish peroxidase was injected into the individual heads of the pectoralis
      muscles of the dog or applied to the nerve which supplies each of these heads.
      The location and numbers of labeled motoneurons in the spinal cord were studied
      using light microscopy. There was longitudinal overlap of the pectoral nuclei,
      but no separation in their mediolateral or dorsoventral positions. The cutaneous
      trunci muscle motor nucleus is distinctly separate from the motor nuclei of the
      pectoral muscles, even though they share a common nerve supply. The methods of
      horseradish peroxidase application to the cut nerve or injection into the muscle
      are compared.

PMID- 3697750
TI  - Single unit response of noradrenergic, serotonergic and dopaminergic neurons in
      freely moving cats to simple sensory stimuli.
AB  - The response of noradrenergic (NE), serotonergic (5-HT), and dopaminergic (DA),
      neurons to repeated presentations (once/2 s for 64 trials) of phasic auditory
      (click) and visual (flash) stimuli was examined in freely moving cats. All 3
      groups of neurons displayed similar response latencies and somewhat similar
      durations of excitation to both stimulus modalities. 5-HT neurons in the
      mesencephalic raphe nuclei showed no decrease in responsiveness across trials to
      either of the stimuli. DA neurons in the substantia nigra displayed no decrease
      in responsiveness across trials to the auditory stimulus, but did display an
      approximately 50% decrease in response to the visual stimulus. NE neurons in the
      locus coeruleus showed an approximately 50% decrease in responsiveness to both
      the auditory and visual stimuli. These data are consistent with previous studies
      showing that the response of many neurons in the brainstem reticular formation
      habituates to the repetitive presentation of sensory stimuli. They also show that
      the response of reticular formation neurons are heterogeneous and that they can
      be subdivided on the basis of their neurochemical identity. Finally, these data
      provide support for the involvement of NE neurons, and to a lesser extent DA
      neurons, in various forms of behavioral plasticity.

PMID- 3697751
TI  - The Fourier transform of a peristimulus time histogram can lead to erroneous
      results.
AB  - Using the Fourier transform on a peristimulus time histogram (PSTH) to calculate
      spectral components of a spike train can yield erroneous spectral amplitudes.
      This happens because the PSTH is a function defined at discrete points in a way
      that conflicts with the sampling theorem.

PMID- 3697752
TI  - Circadian rhythm in the light response of rat retinal disk-shedding and
      autophagy.
AB  - Under a light-dark cycle, disk-shedding and autophagy in the rat retina peak in
      the early and mid light phase, respectively. Under constant conditions, disk
      shedding and autophagy responses after light stimulation were elicited at
      different time points of a 24-h cycle. The greatest magnitude of response
      occurred in the late dark and early light phase. Thus there is a circadian
      variation of the light response of important metabolic parameters in the
      mammalian retina. Inhibition of dopamine synthesis during the early light phase
      caused a significant dampening of the light responses of both disk-shedding and
      autophagy.

PMID- 3697753
TI  - Direct current potential changes of the vagal nuclear area induced by trigeminal
      stimulation.
AB  - To elucidate the mechanism of the Reilly syndrome (irritation syndrome), direct
      current (DC) potential changes in the medulla oblongata were investigated.
      Ipsilateral and contralateral trigeminal stimulation induced a DC potential shift
      above the vagal nuclear area in the medulla. Maxillary and mandibular nerve
      stimulation showed a summation effect. Continuous stimulation of the tooth pulp
      cavity by croton oil induced a progressively developed DC shift. DC potential
      change by trigeminal stimulation was accompanied by the same process of elevation
      of extracellular potassium concentration. These findings suggest that trigeminal
      stimulation increases the excitability of vagal nuclear neurons and consequently
      provokes the Reilly syndrome.

PMID- 3697754
TI  - In vivo release of corticosterone in discrete brain areas of rats. A push-pull
      perfusion study.
AB  - The spontaneous and depolarization-induced release of corticosterone was studied
      in the medial hypothalamus (MH) and the central amygdala (AC) in vivo, using a
      push-pull perfusion system. Significant variations in the spontaneous release of
      corticosterone could be observed over time (3-8 h). Corticosterone in the brain
      superfusates did not seem to stem from adrenocortical sites since a continuous
      release of the glucocorticoid could also be followed in bilateral
      adrenalectomized rats. Superfusion of MH and AC with depolarizing stimuli led to
      an enhanced release of corticosterone. Of greater general significance is the
      first demonstration that the release of a steroid hormone can be measured in
      discrete brain areas under in vivo conditions.

PMID- 3697755
TI  - Gastric distention increases [14C]2-deoxyglucose uptake in the rat nucleus
      tractus solitarius.
AB  - Stomach balloons were inflated with 20 ml of warm water in anesthetized rats who
      had a left cervical vagotomy. This increased [14C]2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) uptake in
      the commissural and medial portions of the right nucleus solitarius. This effect
      was not present in controls which received 2 ml of water in their stomach
      balloons.

PMID- 3697756
TI  - Bromocriptine inhibits incorporation of [3H]thymidine into rat pituitary tumor
      cells.
AB  - The effects of bromocriptine on GH3 pituitary tumor cell [3H]thymidine
      incorporation were studied. Cells were grown in the presence of bromocriptine,
      then exposed to a short-term pulse of [3H]thymidine in serum-free medium
      containing deoxycytidine (10 microM) to prevent deoxythymidine triphosphate
      (dTTP) pooling. After 48 h exposure to bromocriptine, basal prolactin (PRL)
      secretion during 45 min was inhibited by 50% by 10 microM bromocriptine and
      thyroid releasing hormone-induced PRL stimulation was suppressed. Incorporation
      of radiolabelled thymidine into acid-precipitable DNA increased progressively
      from 15 to 60 min and was abolished by simultaneous incubation with excess
      unlabelled thymidine (100 microM). Bromocriptine (10 microM) inhibited
      incorporation of 5-50 microM [3H]thymidine, but this was not reversed by
      simultaneous incubation with metoclopramide (10 microM). Aminopterin, an
      inhibitor of endogenous de novo DNA synthesis, stimulated [3H]thymidine
      incorporation twofold and this increased DNA salvage pathway activity was also
      blocked by bromocriptine. As incorporation of [3H]thymidine into acid-soluble
      cell nucleotides was also inhibited by bromocriptine, the data suggest that in
      these cells the drug inhibits thymidine kinase activity, a salvage pathway of DNA
      synthesis.

PMID- 3697757
TI  - Periaqueductal gray inhibition of viscerointercostal and galvanic skin reflexes.
AB  - In adult cats anesthetized with urethan-chloralose, effects of descending volleys
      from the mesencephalic periaqueductal gray (PAG) upon the viscerointercostal and
      galvanic skin reflexes were studied. The viscerointercostal reflex (VIR) was
      evoked by electrical stimulation of the greater splanchnic nerve and was recorded
      from the 11th, 12th or 13th intercostal nerve. Conditioning stimuli applied to
      the PAG inhibited the VIR. The inhibition was particularly marked when the
      nucleus raphe dorsalis (NRD) or its immediately adjacent ventromedial PAG was
      stimulated. A train of pulses was required in order to produce a recognizable
      PAG/NRD inhibition of the VIR. When the PAG/NRD was stimulated at 300-500 Hz,
      stimulation-produced inhibition became more pronounced in parallel with increase
      in number of pulses in each train and levelled off at about 5 pulses. The most
      effective frequency of PAG/NRD stimulation was found within this frequency range.
      Degree of PAG/NRD stimulation-produced inhibition of the VIR was dependent upon
      the strength of the test stimulus applied to the splanchnic nerve; the weaker the
      test stimulus, the more marked the inhibition. PAG/NRD stimulation-produced
      inhibition of the VIR was completely eliminated by bilateral section of the
      dorsolateral funiculi. The same section enhanced the VIR per se. It was suggested
      that PAG/NRD stimulation-produced inhibition of the VIR is mediated by descending
      pathways in the ipsi- as well as contralateral dorsolateral funiculi, and that
      the VIR per se is tonically inhibited by descending impulses in these pathways.
      PAG/NRD stimulation inhibited the segmental polysynaptic reflex in the
      intercostal nerve, but had little effect on the segmental monosynaptic reflex in
      the same nerve. Intravenous administration of morphine suppressed the VIR. The
      suppression was antagonized by intravenous naloxone. In contrast, PAG/NRD
      stimulation-produced inhibition of the VIR was unaffected by intravenous
      naloxone. Electrical stimulation of the splanchnic nerve evoked the galvanic skin
      reflex (GSR) from the forepaw pad. The GSR was inhibited by electrical
      stimulation of the PAG/NRD. The PAG/NRD stimulation-produced inhibition of the
      GSR was completely eliminated by intravenous administration of naloxone (0.4
      mg/kg).

PMID- 3697758
TI  - The neuroanatomical basis for the protopathic sensibility of the human glans
      penis.
AB  - The human glans penis is covered by stratified squamous epithelium and a dense
      layer of connective tissue equivalent to the dermis of typical skin. Rete ridges
      of the epidermis are irregular and vary in height depending on location, age, and
      presence or absence of a foreskin. The papillary layer of the dermis blends into
      and is continuous with the dense connective tissue forming the tunica albuginea
      of the corpus spongiosum of the glans penis. The most numerous nerve terminals
      are free nerve endings (FNEs) present in almost every dermal papilla, as well as
      scattered throughout the deeper dermis. FNEs are characterized by an incomplete
      Schwann cell investment, and contain irregularly scattered neurofilaments and
      neurotubules, clusters of mitochondria, vesicles of variable size and various
      inclusions. The ratio of FNEs to corpuscular receptors is approximately 10:1 and
      a similar ratio of small to large axons is seen in dermal nerves. Genital end
      bulbs are present throughout the glans, but are most numerous in the corona and
      near the frenulum. The unique corpuscular receptor of the glans penis consists of
      axon terminals that at an ultrastructural level resemble a tangled skein of FNEs.
      Simple, Pacinian and Ruffini corpuscles were occasionally identified
      predominantly in the corona glandis. Epidermal Merkel nerve endings and other
      types of mechanoreceptors typically found in primate glabrous skin (lip or digit)
      are not present. Rarely, dermal Merkel cells have been identified associated with
      genital end bulbs. The abundance of FNEs in isolated as well as corpuscular form
      can be correlated with the embryogenesis and known neurophysiologic and
      psychophysical parameters of sensory function of the glans penis. Finally, the
      divergence in reported values for the threshold of tactile and painful stimuli
      when applied to glabrous skin of fingertip and glans penis can be considered as
      an example of dissociated sensibility. The anatomical basis for this dissociation
      is the abundance of FNEs and absence of Merkel terminals and typical Meissner
      corpuscles in the covering of the glans, and the converse in glabrous skin of the
      digit.

PMID- 3697759
TI  - The effect of limbic and extralimbic electrical stimulations upon prolactin
      secretion in humans.
AB  - The effect that extra-hypothalamic regions of the brain have upon prolactin
      secretion in humans was evaluated by performing electrical stimulations. Thirty
      nine stimulations were performed, 22 to basolateral amygdala, 12 to hippocampus
      and 5 to orbitofrontal, supplementary motor and cingulate cortex. Only two
      stimulations causing high-frequency widespread limbic afterdischarges were
      followed by significant prolactin elevation. Four low-frequency afterdischarges
      involving amygdala and anterior hippocampus, one amygdala stimulus-dependent
      discharge and 19 amygdala, 8 hippocampal and 5 frontal sub-afterdischarge
      threshold stimulations had no prolactin elevation. These results fail to
      replicate earlier studies. We suggest that there is no evidence that the amygdala
      regulates serum prolactin within physiologic ranges, but that the regulation of
      prolactin may depend primarily upon other sub-cortical structures.

PMID- 3697760
TI  - Inhibition of jaw-closing muscles by electrical stimulation of the ophthalmic
      division in man.
AB  - High-intensity stimulation of the supraorbital region elicits, together with a
      blink reflex, a reflex inhibition of the jaw-closing muscles in normal man. The
      response differs from the well known inhibition obtained by intra- and perioral
      stimulation in two main features. Firstly, it consists of a single late silent
      period (SP), only occasionally preceded by a short and partial decrease of the
      background EMG activity; secondly, the inhibitory response appears at a rather
      high threshold, requiring a stimulus intensity which is 4-fold the sensory
      perception threshold and 3-fold that required to evoke the blink reflex.
      Electrical and mechanical stimulation of the cornea failed to evoke a significant
      inhibitory reflex. The silent period and the blink reflex were similarly affected
      by local anaesthetic infiltration of the supraorbital skin, suggesting that the
      afferents subserving the two reflexes belong to the same fibre group; the higher
      threshold of the supraorbital inhibitory response may be explained by the need
      for a larger spatial summation. The considerable latency gain and relatively
      rapid habituation shown by the supraorbital inhibitory response imply a
      multisynaptic circuit, similar to that responsible for the second silent period
      which occurs following 'oral' stimulation. A common interneuronal net for these
      two reflexes is suggested by the results of interaction experiments employing
      combined supra- and infraorbital stimulation.

PMID- 3697761
TI  - Single unit activity of locus coeruleus neurons in the freely moving cat. I.
      During naturalistic behaviors and in response to simple and complex stimuli.
AB  - The single unit activity of presumed noradrenergic (NE) neurons in the area of
      the locus coeruleus (LC) was recorded in freely moving cats. Consistent with
      previous reports, the activity of LC neurons was found to be state dependent:
      active waking greater than quiet waking greater than slow wave sleep greater than
      REM sleep (virtually silent). The activity of these neurons showed no
      relationship to movement per se. In response to simple sensory stimulation, LC
      units showed a short latency, short duration excitatory response. In response to
      a variety of non-noxious naturalistic stimuli, e.g. rats, food and a conspecific,
      LC unit activity did not increase above an active waking baseline. However, in
      response to noxious stimuli, e.g. pinches, visual threats, emesis, and forced
      treadmill running, LC unit activity increased above that during active waking and
      reached its highest levels. These data, in conjunction with those in the
      following report, are consistent with a general role for NE-LC neurons in the
      organism's adaptive response to environmental and physiological challenges.

PMID- 3697762
TI  - Single unit activity of locus coeruleus neurons in the freely moving cat. II.
      Conditioning and pharmacologic studies.
AB  - A series of experiments were carried out in which the single unit activity of
      presumed noradrenergic (NE) neurons in the area of the locus coeruleus (LC) was
      examined in freely moving cats during two conditioning paradigms and in response
      to pharmacologic manipulations relevant to anxiety. LC unit activity was examined
      during conditioned emotional response (CER) and conditioned food reward (CFR)
      training. During CER training, LC units showed a large increase in activity in
      response to a stimulus paired with a noxious air puff, whereas no increase in
      unit activity was seen in response to a stimulus not paired with the air puff
      (both comparisons relative to their appropriate control conditions). By contrast,
      during CFR training, a stimulus paired with a rewarding food delivery did not
      elicit a significant increase in LC unit activity relative to its appropriate
      control condition. Therefore, NE units in the LC greatly increase their activity
      in response to a stimulus that predicts the occurrence of a noxious event, but
      not in response to a stimulus that predicts the occurrence of a rewarding event.
      Administration of the anxiolytic drug diazepam (0.25 and 2.0 mg/kg, i.p.) had no
      significant effect on the spontaneous activity of LC neurons, but significantly
      reduced the excitatory response of LC neurons to simple stimuli. Administration
      of the anxiogenic drug yohimbine (2.0 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly increased the
      spontaneous activity of LC neurons. These results support the hypothesis that LC
      neurons play a role in aversive but not appetitive conditioning, and are
      consistent with the hypothesis that these neurons may play a role in anxiety.
      These data are discussed within the broader context of LC neurons mediating the
      organism's adaptive response to environmental or physiological challenges.

PMID- 3697763
TI  - The neuronal pathway from the flocculus to the oculomotor nucleus: an
      electrophysiological study of group y nucleus in cats.
AB  - In 17 cats anesthetized by Ketalar, neuronal activities were recorded
      extracellularly by a tungsten microelectrode placed in the group y nucleus of the
      vestibular nuclei. Forty-seven of 139 neurons tested were activated
      antidromically by stimulation of the superior rectus and inferior oblique
      subdivisions of the oculomotor nucleus. Twenty-five of these 47 neurons ceased
      their spontaneous discharges after stimulation of the caudal zone of the
      flocculus. In addition, 18 out of these 25 units responded polysynaptically to
      stimulation of the vestibular nerve.

PMID- 3697764
TI  - Neurotensin actions in the retina: mechanisms and variability.
AB  - The effects of neurotensin on mudpuppy retinal cells were studied using
      extracellular and intracellular electrophysiological recording techniques and
      bath application of the peptide. Ganglion and amacrine cells (but not bipolar or
      horizontal cells) were reversibly depolarized by low micromolar concentrations of
      neurotensin. Depolarizations also occurred with neurotensin application during
      cobalt block of synaptic transmission and were accompanied by decreased input
      resistances. This suggests neurotensin may act directly on amacrine and ganglion
      cells as a conventional excitatory transmitter. However, in many retinas, cells
      responded to light stimuli and to other drugs but not to neurotensin. These
      negative results are important in considering the peptide's normal role in
      retinal function.

PMID- 3697765
TI  - Dermorphin inhibits spinal nociceptive flexion reflex in humans.
AB  - Dermorphin (D) is a potent opiate-like peptide isolated from the skin of some
      species of frogs. Experimental studies in animals indicate that D has a potent
      antinociceptive effect, while no investigation exists about its analgesic
      properties in humans. Our study shows that i.v. infusion of 0.16 mg/kg D induces
      a marked and long-lasting increase in the threshold of nociceptive flexion reflex
      in healthy volunteers. This effect is also evident in a complete chronic spinal
      subject, showing that D depresses the nociceptive transmission mainly acting at
      spinal level. Naloxone, while fully antagonizing the effects of morphine and
      enkephalin analogue, is able to reverse only partly (ca. 50%) the depressive
      effect of D on nociceptive spinal reflex. This fact may suggest that D interacts
      with different spinal opiate receptor populations in inducing analgesia.

PMID- 3697766
TI  - Dorsal horn opiate administration attenuates the perceived intensity of noxious
      heat stimulation in behaving monkey.
AB  - In monkeys trained to detect and discriminate noxious heat stimuli, morphine
      microinjected into the medullary dorsal horn attenuated the perceived intensity
      of noxious heat in a dose- and stimulus-dependent fashion. These data demonstrate
      a pharmacologically specific effect of opiates on the sensory intensity component
      of pain at the earliest central relay pathway transmitting noxious information.

PMID- 3697767
TI  - Tryptamine depletion in the rat striatum following electrolytic lesions of the
      substantia nigra.
AB  - Tryptamine is an indolic compound that occurs naturally in the mammalian central
      nervous system. To test whether tryptamine-containing neurons are present in the
      nigrostriatal system, we investigated effects of unilateral electrolytic lesions
      of the substantia nigra on striatal tryptamine concentrations. Determinations
      were made 7 days after lesioning. Nigral lesions resulted in an ipsilateral
      reduction in accumulation of striatal tryptamine observed after monoamine oxidase
      inhibition. As tryptamine formation is dependent on the activity of the enzyme L
      aromatic acid decarboxylase (L-AAD), which is present in monoamine-containing
      neurons, the reduction in accumulation of tryptamine after nigral lesions may be
      secondary to enzyme loss with the degeneration of dopamine-containing neurons.
      Nevertheless, failure to observe decreases in the accumulation of tryptamine
      after raphe lesions, which deplete striatal 5-HT and L-AAD, indicates that
      tryptamine may be associated specifically with neurons in the nigrostriatal
      system.

PMID- 3697768
TI  - Pertussis toxin blocks the outward currents evoked by opiate and alpha 2-agonists
      in locus coeruleus neurons.
AB  - Pertussis toxin, a substance known to inactivate the inhibitory guanine
      nucleotide regulatory unit of adenylate cyclase, was injected into the lateral
      cerebral ventricle of rats; intracellular recordings were made from locus
      coeruleus neurons in brain slices 1-3 days later. Morphine (an opiate agonist)
      and clonidine (an alpha 2-agonist) produced the expected outward currents (and
      associated hyperpolarization and inhibition of firing) in controls whereas the
      effects of both agonists were blocked in animals pretreated with pertussis toxin.
      These results are consistent with the hypothesis that opiate and alpha 2-agonists
      may depress the firing of locus coeruleus neurons by inhibiting adenylate cyclase
      via a guanine nucleotide regulatory protein.

PMID- 3697769
TI  - Disruption of auditory but not visual learning by destruction of intrinsic
      neurons in the rat medial geniculate body.
AB  - The contribution of intrinsic neurons in the medial geniculate body (MG) of the
      rat to the classical conditioning of emotional responses to acoustic stimuli was
      examined. Injection of ibotenic acid, which destroys cell bodies but not axons of
      passage, into the MG disrupted the conditioned changes in mean arterial pressure
      and emotional behavior elicited by a tone previously associated with footshock.
      Unconditioned responses elicited by the tone and by the footshock were
      unaffected. Moreover, the same animals readily learned to associate a visual
      stimulus with footshock. Thus, destruction of intrinsic neurons in the MG
      selectively disrupts the conditioning of emotional responses to acoustic stimuli.
      The MG appears to be the afferent link in a modality specific emotional learning
      pathway.

PMID- 3697770
TI  - Enhanced neural response by adult rats to odors experienced early in life.
AB  - The enhanced olfactory bulb neural response to familiar odors by young rats
      persists into adulthood. Ninety-day-old rats who had received neonatal odor
      exposure had an enhanced uptake of [14C]2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) when exposed to the
      familiar odor. The odor-familiar rats did not have an increased respiration rate
      during the 2-DG test. A long-lasting change in neuronal response is consistent
      with the observation of behavioral effects of early odor experience persisting
      into adulthood.

PMID- 3697771
TI  - Prenatal and postnatal maturation of medullary 'respiratory centers'.
AB  - During infancy respiratory patterns change with maturation. However, there is no
      documentation of the development of the neurons thought to be related to
      respiratory control. Relevant neurons in the medulla oblongata were examined
      using Golgi impregnation methods. Dendritic spines increased prenatally and
      decreased postnatally in the medullary respiratory centers (i.e., dorsal vagal
      nucleus, nucleus tractus solitarii and reticular formation). The prenatal
      neuronal maturation is earlier in the reticular formation than the vagal nucleus.
      These changes in neuronal dendrites may be related to the development of central
      respiratory control and the occurrence of primary apnea in prematurity and sleep
      apnea in sudden infant death syndrome.

PMID- 3697772
TI  - Development of the optic tract in the cichlid fish Haplochromis burtoni.
AB  - In the teleost fish, Haplochromis burtoni, the optic tract is composed of 3
      distinct components: the marginal tract, which projects to the optic tectum and
      is by far the largest, and the axial and medial tracts which project to
      diencephalic targets. In this paper we report on the normal development of these
      pathways in larval H. burtoni, an African cichlid fish. The earliest optic tract
      fibers are found in what will become the marginal optic tract. These fibers hug
      the wall of the diencephalon in a cohesive bundle. The first fibers in the axial
      tract location appear on day 5, increasing in number between days 6 and 18. Like
      marginal tract fibers, axial tract fibers form a cohesive bundle. It is not clear
      from these experiments whether the first axial tract fibers actually arrive at
      this location at day 5, or whether they are fibers arriving earlier that were
      physically displaced from the marginal tract at day 5. Medial tract fibers are
      not evident until day 6 of development and the number of medial tract fibers also
      increases as the animal gets older. Unlike fibers in the other two pathways,
      medial tract fibers do not travel together in a bundle. Rather, each one follows
      an independent trajectory to its target site. Comparison of this larval
      development with the adult optic tract organization which we have studied earlier
      suggests constraints on the mechanisms of axon guidance.

PMID- 3697773
TI  - Effect of maternal methadone administration on the development of multiple forms
      of monoamine oxidase in rat brain and liver.
AB  - The development of total monoamine oxidase (MAO) and MAO-A and MAO-B in the
      forebrain, brainstem, cerebellum and liver of methadone-treated and normal rats
      were monitored with tryptamine, serotonin and benzylamine, respectively. Daily
      administration of methadone (10 mg/kg, s.c.) to pregnant and nursing rats
      substantially retarded the development of total and the A-form of MAO in the
      brain regions of pups but had no effect on that of MAO-B. The effect of methadone
      on the development of total MAO and MAO-A in the liver was only transient and
      less significant. This finding indicates that the perinatal opiate syndrome
      associated with maternal exposure to methadone is caused by the inhibition in MAO
      A development in monoaminergic neurons in the brain.

PMID- 3697774
TI  - The ontogeny of androgen receptors in the CNS of Xenopus laevis frogs.
AB  - Androgenic steroids have been implicated in the development of sex differences in
      Xenopus laevis frogs. In order to determine when neurons first acquire the
      ability to concentrate androgen, we prepared autoradiograms of CNS in developing
      frogs following injection of tritiated dihydrotestosterone (DHT). X. laevis
      tadpoles and juveniles from stage 60 to 2 months post-metamorphosis (PM) were
      injected with [3H]DHT. Brain and spinal cord autoradiograms from these animals
      were examined for the presence of labelled cells. The pattern of [3H]DHT
      labelling in stage-64 tadpoles and in PM juveniles was similar but not identical
      to that seen in adults. Heavily labelled cells were seen in the motor nucleus of
      cranial nerves IX and X, medullary reticular formation, a presumed sensory
      nucleus of cranial nerve V, pretrigeminal nucleus of the dorsal tegmental area of
      the medulla, laminar nucleus of the torus semicircularis, anterior pituitary,
      ventral thalamus and anterior spinal cord. The vestibular sensory nucleus of
      cranial nerve VIII was the only area that concentrates DHT in adults but did not
      contain labelled cells in young animals. No [3H]DHT-labelled cells were found in
      stage-60 tadpoles. The onset of androgen concentrating capability in X. laevis
      CNS thus probably occurs between stages 60 and 64.

PMID- 3697775
TI  - Developmental changes in choline uptake and acetylcholine metabolism in the
      larval brain of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta.
AB  - The larval brain of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, was maintained in vitro
      and the uptake of labelled and unlabelled choline as well as their subsequent
      metabolism were measured by high-voltage paper electrophoresis. Significant
      levels of choline lipid metabolites, phosphorylcholine and acetylcholine (ACh)
      were noted. Unbound choline reached equilibrium after 6-8 h of incubation, while
      ACh accumulation continued to increase after 24 h indicating that the rate of
      synthesis exceeded the rate of breakdown. An apparent Km could not be determined
      for these whole-organ studies; however, the Vmax for ACh accumulation for days 5
      (70 pmol/brain/h) and 6 (105 pmol/brain/h) of the last larval instar did vary
      significantly while the level of unbound choline in the brain did not change. The
      level of choline uptake was dependent upon the presence of Na+ and Ca2+, while
      the amount of ACh accumulated was affected specifically by the presence of Mg2+,
      the latter ion activating acetylcholinesterase. The determination of levels of
      unbound choline and ACh accumulation in the developing brain during the last two
      larval instars demonstrated increases in acetylcholine accumulation at previously
      reported times of the release of the hormone that initiates the molting process,
      prothoracicotropic hormone. These changes in the patterns of ACh accumulation
      occur during 4-8 h time intervals; this is the first report of such short-range
      changes in neurotransmitter metabolism in whole brains. The intensity of the ACh
      accumulation shift is equivalent to the intensity of the hormone burst. Other
      fluctuations in the levels of ACh accumulation and free choline correlate with
      the development of the brain.

PMID- 3697776
TI  - Development of axon paths of motorneurons after removal of target muscles in a
      holometabolous insect.
AB  - The fate of leg motor neurons and the outgrowth of their axons was studied in
      fleshflies after removal of their target muscles before the onset of axogenesis.
      When a mesothoracic leg imaginal disc was extirpated in the prepupa the
      corresponding leg nerve was missing on the operated side of the five-legged adult
      fly. Horseradish peroxidase and cobalt filling revealed that the target-deprived
      motorneurons survive and their axons grow out through other nerve roots. The
      choice of exit of the axons is variable: adjacent pro- or metathoracic leg nerves
      on the ipsilateral side or nerves supplying thoracic muscles (e.g. indirect
      flight muscles). In order to see whether factors in the mesothoracic leg disc can
      attract mesothoracic motorneurons, implantation of supernumerary leg discs was
      made in prepupae. Motor innervation of the implanted legs was never seen. Our
      data thus indicate that under the present experimental conditions leg motor
      neurons are not dependent on their specific targets for survival. They can track
      along adjacent preexisting axonal paths to innervate other targets. Under normal
      conditions specific markers may be present in the appropriate targets and the
      appropriate preexisting pathways (that we disrupt in our experiments) may lead
      the axons to these markers.

PMID- 3697777
TI  - Developmental changes in synaptic membrane order: a comparison of regions in the
      rat brain.
AB  - Developmental changes in synaptic membrane order were followed in 5 regions of
      the rat brain, the cortex (Cx), cerebellum (Cb), brainstem (BS), lateral
      subcortex (LSCx) and midline subcortex (MSCx). Membrane order was assessed by the
      fluorescence polarization technique, using 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) as
      the probe. The results illustrate that the developmental increase in membrane
      order proceeds from caudal to rostral brain regions. Thus, at the earliest time
      point examined (day 3) steady-state anisotropy (rs) in the BS was significantly
      higher than in the Cx and reached adult values by day 14 while the Cx values were
      still significantly less than the adult value even at day 30. The thermotropic
      behavior of the membranes was investigated over the range of 20-37 degrees C. The
      Arrhenius slopes among the Cx, BS, LSCx and MSCx were similar across all ages
      studied, suggesting that the developmental increase in order primarily results
      from a change in entropy. In contrast, the Arrhenius slopes for the Cb increase
      greater than 100% during development, suggesting that a change in enthalpy is
      important for the increase in membrane order. Multilamellar liposomes prepared
      from membrane lipid extracts generally showed the same developmental changes in
      order as the intact membranes. These data indicate that the increase in membrane
      order results from a marked change in bulk lipid composition rather than a
      secondary lipid matrix change (e.g. in membrane asymmetry) and/or from the
      developmental increase in the protein/lipid ratio.

PMID- 3697778
TI  - Alteration of the primary pattern of central myelin in a chimaeric environment-
      study of shiverer----wild-type chimaeras.
AB  - Using chimaeras produced from the shiverer mutant with a BALB/C background (white
      coat color) and normal mice of the C57BL/6N strain (black coat color) by the
      aggregation method, the morphological patterns of the central myelin sheaths were
      examined by electron microscopy, with special reference to the structure of the
      myelin lamellae of the one genotype in an environment dominated by the other
      genotype. The results obtained may be summarized as follows. The oligodendrocytic
      processes of both genotypes are able to interact independently with the axon
      unrelated to its genotype. The lamellar structure of the myelin sheath, i.e.,
      whether or not it is composed of alternating major dense and intraperiod lines,
      is primarily determined by the genotypes of the oligodendrocytes concerned. The
      processes of shiverer oligodendrocytes can spirally enwrap axons in the chimaeric
      CNS which shows dominance of the normal genotype. In contrast, in the environment
      of shiverer dominance, the spiral arrangement of the oligodendrocytic processes
      of the normal genotype is often disturbed, probably by the oligodendrocytic
      processes of the shiverer genotype. Thus, the primary pattern of the myelin
      sheaths can be altered under the chimaeric condition, and the formation of the
      myelin sheaths depends essentially on the behavior of the oligodendrocytic
      processes, which is determined by the genetic specificity.

PMID- 3697779
TI  - Some effects of early monocular deprivation in the Mongolian gerbil.
AB  - The effects of short- and long-term early monocular deprivation were investigated
      in 4 Mongolian gerbils using interocular differences in grating acuity as a
      measure of deprivation-induced impairment. All gerbils showed acuity deficits in
      the initially deprived eye, ranging in magnitude from 0.24-1.40 octaves. One
      month of monocular deprivation from eye opening proved sufficient to induce a
      permanent acuity impairment.

PMID- 3697780
TI  - Impaired development of individual cerebellar lobules in the diabetes insipidus
      Brattleboro rat.
AB  - The size differences in the midsagittal cerebellum, its individual lobules and
      its layers are studied in homozygous diabetic (HOM) and heterozygous Brattleboro
      rats on postnatal days 12, 24 and 180. As has been reported for total cerebellar
      weight, no significant reduction in cerebellar size in HOM rats occurs at day 12,
      whereas from day 12 onwards the cerebellar growth in HOM rats is significantly
      stunted. The HOM cerebellum shows a particular structural etiology: not all
      cerebellar lobules are equally affected and in 180-day-old rats a sexually
      dimorphic effect is found.

PMID- 3697781
TI  - The effect of kainic acid on the developing chick retina.
AB  - Kainic acid (KA) was given in ovo to 6-day-old chick embryos. Examination of the
      retina after treatment indicated an immediate damage of cell in the ganglion
      layer. One week later, numerous cells died in the middle inner portion of the
      nuclear layer, apparently by the lack of an adequate number of targets in the
      ganglion cell layer.

PMID- 3697782
TI  - Dissociation of the effects of castration and testosterone replacement on sexual
      behavior and neural metabolism of dopamine in the male rat.
AB  - Sexually experienced, adult male rats were either castrated, castrated and
      implanted SC with a Silastic capsule containing testosterone (T), or sham
      operated. Coital performance of castrates gradually declined such that 4 weeks
      after surgery no males in this group ejaculated whereas 89% and 100%,
      respectively, of the rats in the castrated, T-treated and the sham-operated
      groups displayed ejaculation. Males in all three groups were decapitated 33-34
      days post-operatively after 10 min exposure either to the behavioral test
      chamber, with an estrous female restrained in one corner behind a wire mesh
      screen, or to a home cage. Brains were quickly removed and the caudate-putamen,
      nucleus accumbens, septum, and preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus were frozen
      and saved for later estimation of dopamine (DA) and two neural metabolites of DA,
      3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA). The
      concentrations of DA, DOPAC, and HVA, as well as the ratio of DOPAC/DA, did not
      differ significantly in any of the 4 brain regions assayed among males in the
      three endocrine groups, regardless of whether they were killed after exposure to
      an estrous female or a home cage. The results fail to support the hypothesis that
      T-induced alterations in neurotransmission in nigro-striatal, mesolimbic, or
      incertohypothalamic DA pathways mediate the activational effect of this steroid
      on masculine sexual behavior.

PMID- 3697783
TI  - Release of newly synthesized 3H-dopamine in the striatum: an adaptation of the
      push-pull cannula method to awake restrained and anesthetized rats.
AB  - The release of newly synthesized 3H-dopamine (3H-DA) was measured in the rat
      striatum superfused, through a push-pull cannula, with a physiological medium
      enriched in 3H-tyrosine. The level of spontaneous 3H-DA release was dependent on
      the topographical localisation of the cannula in the striatum (anterior parts
      displayed higher levels than posterior ones) and on the anesthetic state
      (halothane anesthetized rats demonstrated higher levels than awake ones).
      Inhibition of DA inactivation processes by local application of benztropine (a DA
      reuptake inhibitor, 10(-6) M) or by IV administration of pargyline (a MAO
      inhibitor, 100 mg/kg) enhanced the detectable outflow of 3H-DA from the striatum
      in both halothane anesthetized and awake rats. Local application of D-amphetamine
      (10(-5) M) or acetylcholine (5 X 10(-5) M) in the presence of eserine (5 X 10(-5)
      M) evoked respectively a fivefold and a 30% increase in spontaneous 3H-DA release
      in halothane anesthetized rats. Inhibition of the firing of dopaminergic neurons
      by IV injection of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (400 mg/kg) produced a 30% decrease in
      striatal 3H-DA release. The present results demonstrate that the push-pull
      cannula method is suitable for the study of DA release in both the anesthetized
      and the awake rat.

PMID- 3697784
TI  - Apomorphine and haloperidol effects on striatal 3H-dopamine release in
      anesthetized, awake restrained and freely moving rats.
AB  - The ability of apomorphine (APO) and haloperidol (HAL) to affect the spontaneous
      release of newly synthesized 3H-DA in the striatum was studied in halothane
      anesthetized, gallamine paralyzed, awake restrained and freely moving rats. The
      striatum was continuously superfused through a push-pull cannula with a
      physiological medium enriched in 3H-tyrosine. Basal levels of 3H-DA release were
      different in the four experimental models: highest in halothane anesthetized
      rats, intermediate in awake restrained and gallamine treated rats and lowest in
      freely moving rats. In all experimental models IV or SC injection of APO (1
      mg/kg) inhibited the release of 3H-DA (30-50%) from 15 to 90 min following its
      administration. In awake restrained and freely moving rats, stereotyped behaviour
      was observed for one hour following the APO injection. In halothane anesthetized
      rats the inhibitory effect of APO on 3H-DA release was prevented by pretreatment
      with HAL (2 mg/kg IV). Injection of HAL (2 mg/kg IV or SC) failed to enhance the
      release of 3H-DA in anesthetized and awake restrained rats, whilst a long-lasting
      increase in 3H-DA release was observed in gallamine treated and freely moving
      animals (55% and 120% respectively). However, catalepsy was observed in both
      restrained and freely moving rats. It is concluded that the modifications of 3H
      DA release produced by HAL but not those produced by APO are dependent on the
      experimental model used, a fact possibly related to the different sites of action
      of these two drugs.

PMID- 3697785
TI  - Loss of 3H-corticosterone binding capacity in hippocampal slices maintained in
      vitro.
AB  - Nuclear uptake of 3H-corticosterone was studied in hippocampal slices subjected
      to varying periods of preincubation before application of steroid. Uptake
      capacity declined rapidly toward nonspecific levels over the course of 3 hours
      from the time of cutting. Glucocorticoid receptors in the cytosol fraction of
      hippocampal slices also were found to decline, and Scatchard analysis indicated a
      loss of corticosterone binding sites rather than a change in binding affinity.
      These results are discussed in terms of the reported effects of corticosterone in
      vitro.

PMID- 3697786
TI  - Regulation of feline aggression by the bed nucleus of stria terminalis.
AB  - The purpose of this experiment was to study the possible modulatory role of the
      bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST) in the regulation of affective defense and
      quiet biting attack reactions in the cat. The experimental paradigm employed
      concurrent electrical stimulation of the hypothalamic attack sites and of the
      BNST. The results of the present study demonstrate that concurrent electrical
      stimulation of the BNST can differentially modulate the two different forms of
      aggressive behavior by facilitating affective defense and by suppressing quiet
      biting attack.

PMID- 3697787
TI  - Cytology of brain stem neurons projecting to the caudal neurosecretory complex:
      an HRP-electron microscopic study.
AB  - Brain stem projections to the neurons in the caudal neurosecretory complex (CNC)
      of Poecilia sphenops (molly) have been studied with HRP retrograde tracing. Using
      light microscopic procedures, HRP-labelled neurons were located in the reticular
      nucleus of the medulla (RMN) and in the vicinity of the nucleus of the medial
      longitudinal fascicle (NMLF). The present study was undertaken to examine the
      cytology of the brain stem neurons that project to the caudal neurosecretory
      complex using combined HRP-electron microscopic methods. Cells in the midbrain
      NMLF containing HRP-filled profiles were located bilaterally close to the midline
      and just beneath the ependyma. HRP reaction product was found additionally in the
      neurosecretory cells of the midbrain dorsal tegmental magnocellular nucleus
      (DTMN) located dorsal to the NMLF. Cells containing HRP-labelled profiles were
      also seen in the RMN and in neurons dorsal-lateral to the RMN. This latter group
      of neurons contained small dense core vesicles in addition to HRP labelled dense
      bodies.

PMID- 3697788
TI  - Cerebellar histamine-H1 receptor distribution: an autoradiographic study of
      Purkinje cell degeneration, staggerer, weaver and reeler mutant mouse strains.
AB  - The distribution of 3H-mepyramine binding sites in cerebellae of normal mice and
      Purkinje cell degeneration, staggerer, weaver and reeler mutant mice was studied
      by light microscopic autoradiography. The binding of 3H-mepyramine to 20 micron
      coronal sections through the cerebellum and medulla had the characteristics
      expected of histamine-H1 receptor labeling. In the cerebellar cortex of normal
      mice, a high density of 3H-mepyramine binding was observed over the molecular
      layer and an intermediate density over the Purkinje cell layer, while the granule
      cell layer and white matter were almost devoid of labeling. The deep cerebellar
      nuclei were labeled to an intermediate density. In the 54 day old Purkinje cell
      degeneration mutant cerebellum, which is depleted of Purkinje cells, a greatly
      reduced labeling of the cerebellar cortex was observed. Labeling in the deep
      cerebellar nuclei was unaffected. In the 27 day old staggerer cerebellum, a
      mutation characterized by Purkinje cells which are almost devoid of spines and
      which do not form synaptic contacts with granule cells, a higher than normal
      grain density was seen over the cerebellar cortex, while normal grain density was
      observed over the deep cerebellar nuclei. The cerebellar cortex of 81 day old
      weaver mice, which is almost devoid of granule cells, had a high grain density
      over medial regions of the cortex, while the portion of the granule cell layer
      which remained relatively unaffected in the lateral parts of the cerebellum was
      unlabeled. The deep cerebellar nuclei had grain densities similar to littermate
      controls. In the 29 day old reeler cerebellae, which contain malpositioned
      Purkinje cells, high grain density regions corresponding to the heterotopically
      located Purkinje cells were observed. The present observations suggest that
      cerebellar cortical histamine-H1 receptors are associated predominantly with
      Purkinje cells. Furthermore, the expression of these H1 receptors appears not to
      be adversely affected by several alterations in the Purkinje cell environment,
      which have previously been shown to dramatically influence Purkinje cell
      morphology.

PMID- 3697789
TI  - Neurogenesis in subnuclei of the rat interpeduncular nucleus and medial habenula.
AB  - Development of the rat habenulo-interpeduncular system is of interest because of
      its highly ordered adult structure, including seven subnuclei within the
      interpeduncular nucleus (IPN), localization of synapses of different types and
      medial habenular (MH) sites of origin within the subnuclei, and differential
      localization of neurochemicals amongst the subnuclei. In order to further
      investigate the mechanisms by which these features are produced, the birthdays of
      neurons within IPN and MH were investigated. All IPN neurons were formed on
      embryonic days (E) 12 to 16. Birthdays varied for the subnuclei of IPN with the
      earliest being the serotonin containing apical subnucleus (p less than 0.0001)
      and the latest being the rostral subnucleus (p less than 0.0001). Rostral lateral
      and lateral subnuclei were approximately simultaneous with apical, and the
      intermediate and central subnuclei, related to each other in a number of other
      ways, had simultaneous birthdays earlier than the rostral subnucleus (p less than
      0.0001) and later than the other subnuclei (p less than 0.0001). The medial
      habenula was found to consist of three regions, termed medial, lateral and
      dorsal, whose neurons undergo their final mitoses on E15-16, 16-17 and 17-18,
      respectively. These findings provide additional support for the validity of IPN
      subnuclei as currently delineated. They suggest mechanisms of development which
      involve early interactions between specific groups of MH neurons and specific
      groups of IPN neurons. It is proposed that a sequence of several control
      mechanisms operates during development to produce this complex system.

PMID- 3697790
TI  - Superior colliculus lesions and flash evoked potentials from rat cortex.
AB  - It is generally assumed that the primary response of the rat flash evoked
      potential (FEP) is activated by a retino-geniculate path, and that the secondary
      response reflects input to the cortex by way of the superior colliculus (SC) or
      other brainstem structures. In the present study, male Long-Evans rats were
      implanted with monopolar screw electrodes placed over the left visual cortex, and
      a pair of twisted monopolar depth electrodes, which were used to produce
      electrolytic lesions, were placed in each SC. One half of the animals did not
      receive the electrolytic treatment (controls). FEP waveforms were obtained from
      all animals prior to treatment, and 2 and 5 days after treatment. Histological
      analysis was performed to verify electrode placement and determine lesion size.
      Electrolytic lesions resulting in massive destruction of the SC produced no
      decrement in any portion of the rat FEP but did produce an increase in amplitude
      of the N2P3 component. The data show that the secondary response is not generated
      by SC in rats, but that SC may modulate amplitude of the response.

PMID- 3697791
TI  - The projections of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus in the rat.
AB  - The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) output pathways are revealed by using
      autoradiographic tracing of tritium labeled Leucine and by the recently
      introduced Phaseolus vulgaris leuco-agglutinin immunocytochemical method.
      Terminal labeling appears in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, nucleus
      ambiguus and in the parvocellular reticular formation at the lower medullary
      level. Mesencephalic labeling is found in the periaqueductal gray at the level of
      the oculomotor nucleus. In the hypothalamus labeled terminal boutons are
      identified in the lateral and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei but also in the
      parvocellular paraventricular nucleus. Furthermore, the circumventricular organs
      are found to receive a dense DMH input, particularly the organum vasculosum of
      the lamina terminalis and the subfornical organ. These findings are discussed in
      relation to the dorsomedial nucleus involvement in the control of feeding and
      pancreatic hormone release. It appears that the DMH participates in this control
      via descending pathways to the preganglionic pancreas innervating neurons but
      also via a neuroendocrine route. The latter connection is indicated by terminal
      labeling in the parvocellular paraventricular nucleus in the area that contains
      the corticotropin-releasing factor positive cells.

PMID- 3697792
TI  - Do peripheral and cerebroventricular injections of angiotensin II act at the same
      site? Studies on additivity of drinking.
AB  - The urge of rats to drink following SC injections of angiotensin II (AII) far
      outlasts the relatively short half life of this hormone in the circulation. When
      water was withheld for 1 hr following SC administration of AII, water intake was
      similar to that of rats administered AII and given immediate access to water.
      Saralasin, the AII receptor antagonist, blocked this delayed drinking response,
      suggesting that AII receptor occupancy is critical to the appearance of the
      delayed drink. In contrast, the urge to drink following cerebroventricular (IVT)
      injection decayed within 30 min. Intravenous (IV) infusion of AII for 1 hr caused
      drinking during the infusion but, when water was withheld until the infusion had
      ended, the urge to drink decayed within 15-30 min. Additional studies tested the
      additivity of the drinking response to two separate doses of AII when
      administered peripherally and IVT. The combined administration of AII SC and IVT
      failed to produce clear signs of additivity over a large range of interstimulus
      intervals. In contrast, the combined administration of IV and IVT AII were
      clearly additive with respect to drinking.

PMID- 3697793
TI  - Central projections of the hamster superior laryngeal nerve.
AB  - The superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) is known to innervate taste buds on the
      epiglottis of several mammalian species. Because of an increasing interest in the
      physiology of the gustatory system of hamsters, the brainstem projections of the
      SLN were investigated in this species. Crystallized HRP was applied to the
      proximal portion of the cut SLN or to one of its five distal branches.
      Anterograde transganglionic transport of HRP revealed afferent fibers of the SLN
      projecting into the ipsilateral solitary tract (ST) from 0.3 to 3.0 mm caudal to
      the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN), with the major area of termination in the
      nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) between 0.6 and 1.6 mm caudal to DCN. Some
      afferent fibers crossed the midline approximately 2.0 mm caudal to DCN to
      terminate contralaterally within the NST. Efferent cell bodies were retrogradely
      labeled within the nucleus ambiguus (NA) and in and around the more rostral
      portions of NST. There were five identifiable distal branches of SLN, termed A1,
      A2, M1, M2 and P, from anterior to posterior. Afferent fibers were carried in A2
      and P, whereas efferent fibers were evident in all five branches. The heaviest
      projection from the NA occurred in the two middle branches (M1 and M2) and that
      from the NST in the posterior branch (P). Afferent projections of the Xth cranial
      nerve, along with those from the VIIth and IXth, into the NST provide a neural
      substrate for the integration of sensory inputs related to a number of oral and
      respiratory reflexes.

PMID- 3697794
TI  - Morphine distribution following infusion into lateral ventricle during
      hibernation and euthermia.
AB  - The intracerebral pattern of diffusion of 3H-morphine was studied
      autoradiographically following continuous infusion (4, 9, and 18 hr; 1
      microliter/hr) into the lateral ventricle during hibernation and euthermia (i.e.,
      not hibernating) in ground squirrels (Citellus lateralis). Morphine diffusion
      into the parenchyma during both states was extensive, resulting in increased
      autoradiographic optical density of 34 structures examined. The zone of
      radiolabeled tissue was primarily ipsilateral, and it expanded with increasing
      duration of infusion. Diffusion into contralateral regions was more evident in
      hibernation, although the total area of radiolabeled tissue was not significantly
      greater than that of euthermic animals. The average optical densities of
      autoradiographs from hibernating brains were significantly greater than those
      from euthermic animals, suggesting greater accumulation of labeled material
      during hibernation. These data suggest that neuroactive compounds released into
      the ventricular space can achieve widespread distribution within the brain during
      hibernation (in which all physiological parameters are profoundly depressed) as
      well as during euthermia. Thus, the apparent lack of development of physical
      dependence to morphine during hibernation is not due to a restricted distribution
      of morphine in the hibernating brain.

PMID- 3697795
TI  - Effect of electrical stimulation on the viability of the hippocampal slice
      preparation.
AB  - Continuous electrical stimulation of rat hippocampal slices at a frequency of 1
      Hz brought about a 50% decline in the evoked population spike amplitude at a rate
      5 times faster than that caused by very low frequency (1/600 Hz) stimulation.
      Within 2 hr after the high frequency stimulation began the evoked response
      totally disappeared. By contrast low frequency stimulated slices maintained an
      evoked response for at least 9 hr. Continuous electrical stimulation, especially
      at high frequency seems to facilitate the deterioration of the in vitro
      hippocampal slice preparation.

PMID- 3697797
TI  - [Spontaneously breathing rabbits and cats with a split brain stem as models for
      studying the regulation of vital functions].

PMID- 3697796
TI  - [Pathology of the neural regulation of respiration and pulmonary circulation in
      experimental pneumonia].

PMID- 3697798
TI  - [Contraction of the tracheal muscle and the activity of stretch receptors in the
      trachea].

PMID- 3697799
TI  - [Graphometric analysis of the cough tachogram].

PMID- 3697800
TI  - [Sensations induced by the stimulation of J receptors].

PMID- 3697801
TI  - [Laryngeal receptors in the expiratory reflex].

PMID- 3697802
TI  - [Changes in cough intensity in nonanesthetized cats with inflammation of the
      respiratory organs induced by croton oil].

PMID- 3697803
TI  - [Changes in the cough reflex after the administration of guaifenesin].

PMID- 3697804
TI  - [Changes in the sound of the cough in patients with chronic bronchitis].

PMID- 3697805
TI  - [Changes in the sound of the voluntary cough in obstruction of the respiratory
      tract induced by acetylcholine].

PMID- 3697806
TI  - [The role of pathologic physiology in the professional and ideological training
      of physicians].

PMID- 3697807
TI  - [The present state of knowledge on the major histocompatibility complex in man-
      HLA 1984. Report on a study trip to Italy].

PMID- 3697808
TI  - Survey of obstetric anaesthesia practice in British Columbia.

PMID- 3697809
TI  - Amide local anaesthetics and malignant hyperthermia.

PMID- 3697810
TI  - The effect of lidocaine on regional blood flows and cardiac output in the non
      stressed and the stressed foetal lamb.
AB  - Lidocaine has been used in obstetrical anaesthesia for many years but there are
      still concerns about possible adverse affects of this drug on the foetus in
      utero. To examine in greater detail the effects of lidocaine in the foetus, the
      following two-part study was done. In Part A, seven pregnant ewes were surgically
      prepared with maternal and foetal arterial and venous catheters. After recovery
      from surgery lidocaine was infused intravenously, initially into the ewe and then
      into both ewe and foetus. Blood lidocaine concentrations were monitored and
      foetal regional blood flows were determined by the radioactive microsphere
      method. In Part B, 14 ewes were prepared as in Part A with the addition of an
      inflatable loop around the umbilical cord. During each study the loop was
      inflated to partially compress the cord and produce foetal acidosis. In all
      animals this cord compression was maintained for 30 minutes. In seven animals a
      lidocaine infusion was given, to examine the effect of lidocaine in the acidotic
      foetus. Organ blood flows were measured and cardiac outputs calculated. The
      normal foetuses in Part A showed no change in organ blood flow or cardiac output
      with arterial lidocaine concentrations of 1.5-3.4 mg X ml-1. In the acidotic
      foetuses, lidocaine concentrations of 1.4-1.5 mg X ml-1 produced a tachycardia
      and an increase in cerebral blood flow compared to the control acidotic foetuses.
      There were no other significant changes. We conclude that arterial lidocaine
      concentrations of less than 3.5 mg X ml-1 do not produce significant alterations
      in organ blood flow in normal foetal lambs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3697811
TI  - Kinetic disposition of morphine in young males after intravenous loading and
      maintenance infusions.
AB  - Loading and maintenance infusions of morphine sulfate were administered to 5
      young male patients 23-34-yr-old prior to elective surgery. Apparent steady-state
      plasma concentrations were achieved 30 minutes after the start of the drug
      infusion. The volume of distribution at steady-state (2.43 +/- 0.48 L X kg-1),
      beta elimination rate constant (0.700 +/- 0.162/h) and plasma clearance (1.66 +/-
      0.33 L X kg-1 X h-1) were similar to values previously determined in young
      healthy subjects receiving a single bolus infusion. These data confirm our
      findings concerning morphine disposition in healthy young subjects and
      demonstrate the feasibility of achieving predictable plasma concentrations of
      morphine for future assessment of pharmacodynamic/pharmacokinetic relationships
      for this drug.

PMID- 3697812
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of meperidine in spinal anaesthesia.
AB  - Five male patients undergoing haemorrhoidectomy received intrathecal meperidine 1
      mg X kg-1 as the sole anaesthetic agent. Plasma concentration-time profiles were
      investigated. The peak plasma concentration of meperidine was 175 +/- 78.8 ng X
      ml-1 (mean +/- SD) and this occurred 90 minutes after intrathecal injection. The
      plasma concentrations generally were lower than those necessary for systemic
      analgesic effects. The terminal elimination half life of meperidine (t 1/2 beta)
      in the plasma was 198 minutes. Intrathecal meperidine produced good surgical
      anaesthesia in all patients studied. The mean duration of sensory and motor block
      was 77 +/- 18.8 and 47 +/- 7.4 minutes respectively. Four patients did not
      require any analgesic supplement during the postoperative period. No patient
      developed clinically evident respiratory depression or neurological sequelae. The
      pharmacokinetic data suggests that intrathecal meperidine provides prolonged
      postoperative analgesia through a regional effect on opioid receptors in the
      spinal cord.

PMID- 3697813
TI  - A prophylactic bolus of thiopentone does not protect against prolonged focal
      cerebral ischaemia.
AB  - Barbiturate coma is still recommended for brain protection during periods of
      temporary focal ischaemia such as during carotid endarterectomy. We tested the
      hypothesis that a single dose of barbiturate given before a period of protracted
      severe focal ischaemia would protect against focal cerebral infarction. Sixteen
      cats had the proximal left middle cerebral artery (MCA) occluded. Eight cats
      received halothane alone titrated to keep their pulse and blood pressure within
      the normal range. Eight cats received, in addition to halothane, a bolus of
      thiopentone sufficient to produce an isoelectric EEG immediately prior to MCA
      occlusion. Six hours after the occlusions the animals were sacrificed and the
      brains scored histologically to assess both size and severity of ischaemia. There
      was no statistically significant difference in the size or severity of the
      infarcts between the groups. We conclude from this study that the extent of the
      histological injury was not reduced by a single prophylactic bolus of thiopentone
      given before prolonged focal cerebral ischaemia.

PMID- 3697815
TI  - A survey of obstetric anaesthesia practice in British Columbia.
AB  - Hospitals and anaesthetists in British Columbia were surveyed by means of
      questionnaires to assess patterns of obstetric anaesthesia practice,
      qualifications and numbers of obstetric anaesthesia personnel, hospital obstetric
      facilities and facilities and protocols for neonatal resuscitation. It was
      apparent that a large proportion of the obstetric anaesthesia service in this
      province was being provided by physicians who were not trained, nor certified, as
      anaesthesia specialists. Preanaesthetic assessment in the obstetric units
      differed in attitude and practice from the standards expected in the general
      operating rooms. There was also in community hospitals a significant incidence of
      failure to follow certain accepted safe practices (in obstetric patients), such
      as preinduction hydration and oxygenation, cricoid pressure during intubation and
      prevention of aortocaval compression. However, administration of general
      anaesthesia without endotracheal intubation, was rare in this survey. Post
      anaesthetic recovery facilities in obstetric units were conspicuously deficient,
      even in the larger hospitals. The majority of community hospitals lacked written
      protocols for neonatal resuscitation; and the number of institutions reporting
      that the neonatal heart rates and temperatures were not routinely monitored is of
      concern. It is recommended that minimum standards for training in obstetric
      anaesthesia should be clearly defined; and provision should be made for revision
      and upgrading of knowledge and skills for physicians practicing anaesthesia in
      smaller community hospitals.

PMID- 3697814
TI  - Succinylcholine, fasciculations and myoglobinaemia.
AB  - The prophylactic effectiveness of a small "self-taming" dose of succinylcholine
      (0.1 mg X kg-1), of d-tubocurarine (0.05 mg X kg-1), and of pancuronium (0.02 mg
      X kg-1) on succinylcholine-induced fasciculations and myoglobinaemia was studied
      in 64 healthy children (ages two to nine years), anaesthetized with halothane,
      nitrous oxide and oxygen. Serum myoglobin was analyzed by radioimmunoassay and
      taken as a tracer of muscle damage. No correlation was found between the serum
      levels of myoglobin and the incidence of muscle fasciculations. Self-taming with
      succinylcholine decreased the incidence of fasciculations (p = 0.001) but did not
      decrease the succinylcholine-induced myoglobinaemia (p = 0.224). D-tubocurarine
      (0.05 mg X kg-1) and pancuronium (0.02 mg X kg-1) both significantly reduced the
      myoglobinaemia and the fasciculations produced by succinylcholine. The
      pancuronium pretreated group presented less variable values of serum myoglobin
      which, when compared to the control group, had a more significant p value (p less
      than 0.001) than for d-tubocurarine pretreated group (p = 0.003). Muscle
      fasciculations and increased myoglobin levels were observed in children less than
      four years old who received succinylcholine. The prophylaxis of acute
      rhabdomyolytic renal failure due to succinylcholine (seven cases reported in the
      medical literature) is considered.

PMID- 3697816
TI  - Cyanosis of the hands following the use of alphaprodine in dental anaesthesia.
AB  - A case is presented of asymptomatic cyanosis of the hands, seen four hours after
      dental surgery under intravenous, local and inhalational anaesthesia.
      Alphaprodine hydrochloride, a synthetic opiate and one of the agents used, may
      produce dilatation of the venous bed with passive venous pooling. Such a
      mechanism is thought to have occurred in this case, manifesting as cyanosis. A
      weakly positive intradermal skin test to alphaprodine suggests immediate type
      hypersensitivity as a possible underlying cause.

PMID- 3697817
TI  - Anaesthesia for the achondroplastic dwarf.
AB  - Over the past three years, 36 anaesthetics were administered to 27 patients with
      achondroplastic dwarfism. Twenty-four patients underwent craniectomy for foramen
      magnum stenosis. Sixteen of the operations were undertaken in the sitting
      position with nine incidents of venous air embolism (VAE), all of which occurred
      in patients under 12 years of age. Six major complications occurred: two C-1
      level spinal cord infarctions, two brachial plexus palsies, one severe
      macroglossia, and one accidental extubation. Intravenous access in the small
      child with achondroplastic dwarfism is made difficult because of the excess, lax
      skin and subcutaneous tissue. Airway management and laryngoscopy were not
      difficult and we found that endotracheal tube size was best predicted by the
      patient's weight and not age. Blood loss was 38 +/- 9 mg X kg-1 in the prone
      position (n = 8) and 18 +/- 4 mg X kg-1 in the sitting position (n = 16), and was
      related to the surgical procedure rather than to dwarfism. Our data indicate that
      complications are more likely to occur in the sitting position, and that these
      complications are of a serious nature, and every precaution should be taken to
      avoid their occurrence.

PMID- 3697818
TI  - Iatrogenic oesophageal perforation due to tracheal or nasogastric intubation.
AB  - Oesophageal perforation, due to a difficult endotracheal or nasogastric
      intubation occurred in a 49-year-old female. Perforation of the oesophagus is a
      rare complication of intubation of the trachea or oesophagus. Endotracheal
      intubation alone is most often blamed for iatrogenic oesophageal trauma following
      surgery. The incidence of iatrogenic oesophageal trauma is similar after
      nasogastric or endotracheal intubation. Iatrogenic oesophageal perforation occurs
      principally over the cricopharyngeus muscle on the posterior wall of the
      oesophagus. Here the oesophagus is thin and is markedly narrowed. Contamination
      of the perioesophageal space with gastric contents leads to diffuse cellulitis
      and infection. Diagnosis is made by evidence of cervical subcutaneous emphysema,
      cervical pain, dysphagia, temperature elevation and leukocytosis. Plain
      roentenograms of the neck and a contrast media swallow will confirm the
      diagnosis. Treatment consists of massive antibiotic therapy followed by surgical
      repair and drainage of the area. Mortality ranges from 10-15 per cent with early
      diagnosis to 50 per cent if surgery is delayed.

PMID- 3697819
TI  - Spinal anaesthesia for minor paediatric surgery.
AB  - Our recent experience using spinal anaesthesia for paediatric surgical procedures
      is reviewed. In 1984, 30 patients aged seven weeks to 13 years were anaesthetised
      in this manner. Lumbar puncture failed in four of 34 patients, 12 required
      sedation during the operative course and 11 required light general anaesthesia to
      complete these procedures. Tetracaine one per cent or bupivacaine 0.75 per cent
      were the drugs used. During the procedure and depending on their age, the
      patients were either sedated or were distracted with the use of Disney cartoons
      played on a video cassette recorder. There were no significant intraoperative or
      postoperative complications.

PMID- 3697820
TI  - The sleep apnoea syndrome and epidural morphine.
AB  - A patient not known in advance to have the sleep apnoea syndrome (SAS) was
      administered a combined epidural-general anaesthetic for a proposed radical
      prostatectomy. After surgery which had to be discontinued due to extensive
      tumoural spread, morphine 5 mg was administered through the epidural catheter for
      analgesia. Severe respiratory depression occurred eight hours later and was
      successfully reversed by repeated injections of naloxone. The potential danger of
      epidural morphine administration to SAS patients is discussed.

PMID- 3697821
TI  - Endotracheal tube connector fracture--an avoidable hazard.

PMID- 3697822
TI  - Haemodynamic reactions to succinylcholine--an alternative hypothesis.

PMID- 3697823
TI  - Single segment combined subarachnoid and epidural block for caesarean section.

PMID- 3697824
TI  - Late venous perforations due to percutaneous central venous cannulation.

PMID- 3697825
TI  - A plan for the anaesthetic management of a patient coming to surgery.

PMID- 3697826
TI  - Cytogenetic analysis of some Brazilian marsupials (Didelphidae: Marsupialia).
AB  - Three species of marsupials from the Amazon region (Marmosa cinerea, Caluromys
      lanatus, and Didelphis marsupialis) and two from the region of Sao Paulo
      (Didelphis marsupialis and Didelphis albiventris) were studied. The G-banding
      pattern of the species with 2n = 14 (M. cinerea and C. lanatus) was very similar,
      as well as the pattern of G-bands in the species with 22 chromosomes (Didelphis).
      All of the autosomes of M. cinerea and D. albiventris have centromeric C-bands
      and the Y chromosome is totally C-band positive. The long arm of the M. cinerea X
      chromosome is completely C-band positive except for a negative band close to the
      centromeric region. In D. albiventris the long arm of the X chromosome is C-band
      positive except for a negative band close to the telomeric region. In M. cinerea
      the silver-stained nucleolar organizer regions (Ag-NORs) are found in the
      acrocentric chromosomes, being located in the telomeric region of one pair and in
      the centromeric region of the other pair. Caluromys lanatus has centromeric Ag
      NORs in one acrocentric and in one submetacentric chromosome pairs. Didelphis
      marsupialis has three chromosome pairs with telomeric Ag-NORs. In D. albiventris
      the Ag-NORs are terminal and located in both arms of one pair and in the long arm
      of two pairs of chromosomes.

PMID- 3697827
TI  - Activity of in situ stellate ganglion neurons of dogs recorded extracellularly.
AB  - Activity was recorded from 145 neurons in the in situ stellate ganglia of 36
      dogs. The activity of 28 of these neurons, most of them located in the ganglia's
      cranial medial region, was related to the cardiac cycle primarily during systole.
      The activity of 16 of these cardiovascular-related neurons was modified by gentle
      mechanical distortion of the superior vena cava (1), heart (4), or thoracic aorta
      (11). Forty-one of the neurons were modified by respiration, with 17 being phase
      locked to the respiratory cycle. Other neurons were activated by gentle
      mechanical distortion of localized regions of the thoracic wall (21% of all
      neurons), neck (18%), skin of the left foreleg (10%), or the mediastinum adjacent
      to the stellate ganglion (3%). Acutely decentralizing the stellate ganglion
      abolished the spontaneous activity of some, but not all, of these neurons
      including the respiratory or cardiovascular-related neurons. In the intact or
      acutely decentralized stellate ganglion, few neurons were activated by single
      short duration (1-4 ms) stimuli delivered to nerves attached directly or
      indirectly to the ganglion; however, most were activated by brief high frequency
      stimuli delivered in trains of 20-200 ms, or by single stimuli lasting 20-200 ms.
      As most cardiovascular, respiratory, or neck-related neurons in the stellate
      ganglion were not activated by single brief stimuli delivered to the
      cardiopulmonary nerves or vagosympathetic trunks, presumably they did not project
      their axons into the neck or thoracic organs. Thus, they were considered to be
      interneurons. It is postulated that interneurons in stellate ganglia can be
      modified by afferent receptors located in tissues of the neck, lungs, heart, or
      great thoracic vessels, whether the ganglion is intact or acutely decentralized.
      In addition, neurons in the stellate ganglion can be modified by mechanoreceptors
      located in the thoracic wall, abdominal wall, foreleg, or adjacent mediastinum.
      The majority of these neurons are activated by trains of impulses rather than
      single short duration impulses.

PMID- 3697828
TI  - Pulmonary toxicity of 1,1-dichloroethylene: correlation of early changes with
      covalent binding.
AB  - Administration of a single intraperitoneal dose of 1,1-dichloroethylene (125
      mg/kg, 1,1-DCE) to mice resulted in bronchiolar injury with selective necrosis of
      Clara cells. Degenerative changes were manifest in Clara cells as early as 1 h
      following 1,1-DCE exposure, and were characterized by marked swelling of
      mitochondria and aggregation of chromatin against the nuclear membrane. Cell
      death was apparent at 2 h; by 8 h, areas of the bronchiolar epithelium were
      devoid of lining cells, and at 24 h, the majority of Clara cells were exfoliated.
      The residual epithelium consisted of flattened cells which formed a thin lining
      for the airway. Necrosis of Clara cells early in the course of 1,1-DCE exposure
      coincided with peak covalent binding of [14C]1,1-DCE and significant depression
      of components of the pulmonary mixed-function oxidase system; cytochrome P-450
      and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity were markedly reduced but not depleted.
      Liver damage involving centrilobular hepatocytes was observed at 24 h in 30% of
      treated animals, and coincided with significant inhibition of aryl hydrocarbon
      hydroxylase activity; cytochrome P-450 content, however, remained unchanged.
      While changes in the liver evoked by 1,1-DCE were less striking, the results in
      lung demonstrate positive temporal correlations between structural damage, peak
      covalent binding and disturbances of monooxygenase enzymes.

PMID- 3697829
TI  - Heart rate and respiratory patterns in mild hypoxia in unanaesthetized newborn
      mammals.
AB  - The heart rate and respiratory patterns in hypoxia are not well documented in
      unanaesthetized intact newborn animals. We studied heart rate and respiratory
      patterns during quiet sleep in 17% inspired O2 in 31 unanaesthetized newborns of
      five species: lamb, piglet, puppy, kitten, and rabbit. There was no significant
      change in mean heart rate and respiratory rate with hypoxia for any species.
      Brief apneas greater than 5 s were frequent (5-8/h), both in 21 and 17% O2 only
      in lambs and puppies. No sustained periodic breathing was induced by hypoxia.
      Thus, mild hypoxia has little steady-state effect on heart rate and respiratory
      rate and pattern in these unanaesthetized newborns. These findings are compatible
      with depressed chemoreceptor threshold, but indicate a remarkably mature
      respiratory pattern in full-term newborns of these species.

PMID- 3697830
TI  - Reactivation processes of three inward current systems involved in the rising
      phase of the action potentials in embryonic chick hearts.
AB  - In embryonic chick hearts during development, there are three inward current
      systems which are involved in the rising phases of the action potentials (APs):
      fast INa, slow ICa, and tetrodotoxin-insensitive slow INa. To assess reactivation
      processes for these three types of inward current channels (fast Na+, slow Ca2+,
      and slow Na+ channels), diastolic recovery of Vmax was examined in embryonic
      chick hearts using a paired-pulse protocol. In all cases, the diastolic
      recoveries were approximated by single exponential functions. The time constants
      of recovery (tau(V)) and T90% (the diastolic interval which allows 90% recovery
      of Vmax of the premature AP) were, respectively, 53.1 +/- 5.2 and 61.5 +/- 8.6 ms
      for Na+-dependent fast AP (n = 10), 376.9 +/- 49.3 and 659.2 +/- 113.1 ms for the
      Ca2+-dependent slow AP (n = 10), and 40.7 +/- 5.3 and 45.6 +/- 12.0 ms for the
      Na+-dependent slow AP (n = 10). In the presence of lidocaine, the recovery
      kinetics also appeared to be single exponentials for diastolic intervals up to
      500 ms (fast APs) or 250 ms (slow APs). The reactivation processes for the Na+
      dependent fast and slow channels were significantly slowed by 100 microM
      lidocaine. In addition, in the presence of 100 microM lidocaine, Vmax was
      depressed in a frequency-dependent manner; the higher the stimulation frequency,
      the greater the depression. Hence, the fast Na+ channels and the slow Na+
      channels had the following similarities: rapid reactivation, reactivation slowed
      by lidocaine, and frequency-dependent depression in the presence of lidocaine.

PMID- 3697831
TI  - The receptors responsible for heat production in brown adipose tissue in the
      young rabbit.
AB  - It is known that adrenergic agonists stimulate thermogenesis in the brown fat of
      the young rabbit but the receptors responsible for mediating the response have
      not been identified. The infusion of either noradrenaline or isoproterenol (1-2
      micrograms . kg-1 X min-1) produced an increase in subcutaneous temperature (0.93
      +/- 0.15 and 1.22 +/- 0.10 degrees C, respectively over the interscapular brown
      fat. At low doses (0.4 microgram . kg-1 X min-1) only isoproterenol was
      effective. The thermogenic response to isoproterenol was blocked by atenolol, a
      beta 1-adrenergic antagonist. Neither salbutamol or terbutaline, both beta 2
      agonists, produced a temperature increase. Collectively, these data suggest that
      stimulation of beta 1-adrenoceptor is primarily responsible for the thermogenic
      activity of brown fat in the rabbit. However, it was found that 53% of the
      increase in temperature could be blocked by prazosin, an alpha 1-antagonist.
      Phentolamine was not effective as a blocker. Although a maximal brown fat
      thermogenic response can be achieved by stimulating the beta-adrenoceptors, the
      alpha-adrenoceptors appears to play at least an auxiliary role in young rabbit.

PMID- 3697832
TI  - Increased metabolic heat production following chronic alpha-methyldopa therapy in
      hypertensives.
AB  - The objective of this study was to measure metabolic heat production in mild
      moderate hypertensives when given chronic alpha-methyldopa for control of
      hypertension and to compare this with hydrochlorothiazide. Four men and one
      woman, age range 29-55 years, euthyroid, and not previously on alpha-methyldopa,
      had their drugs replaced by placebo for 4 weeks, and then alpha-methyldopa or
      hydrochlorothiazide was randomized single blindly to patients. The dose of each
      drug was increased until the ambulatory diastolic blood pressure was less than 95
      mmHg (1 mmHg = 133.322 Pa), and then the dose was maintained for 20-24 weeks. The
      two active drugs were then crossed over, and each medication was again titrated
      to attain diastolic normotension (less than 95 mmHg). Maintenance was for a
      comparable 20-24 weeks. At week 4 (end of placebo period), weeks 20-24 (for
      hydrochlorothiazide or alpha-methyldopa monotherapy), and again at week 40-48
      (end of cross-over period), metabolic heat production (watts), heart rate (beats
      per minute), and blood pressure (millimetres of Hg) were measured in a resting
      sitting position for 1 h in a whole body calorimeter (air temperature 28 degrees
      C and a dew point temperature less than 5 degrees C) for 15 experimental
      sessions. In four out of five patients, metabolic heat production was
      significantly (P less than 0.05) higher when patients were treated with alpha
      methyldopa. We speculate from our data that alpha-methylnorepinephrine, the major
      metabolite of alpha-methyldopa, may be thermogenic and that this should be
      considered when the drug is prescribed.

PMID- 3697833
TI  - Functional anatomy of the canine mediastinal cardiac nerves located at the base
      of the heart.
AB  - The major canine cardiopulmonary nerves which arise from the middle cervical and
      stellate ganglia and the vagi course toward the heart in the dorsal mediastinum
      where they form, at the base of the heart dorsal to the pulmonary artery and
      aorta, the dorsal mediastinal cardiac nerves. In addition, the left caudal pole
      and interganglionic nerves project onto the left lateral side of the heart as the
      left lateral cardiac nerve. These nerves contain afferent and (or) efferent axons
      which, upon stimulation, modify specific cardiac regions and (or) systemic
      pressure. In addition, with the exception of the left lateral cardiac nerve,
      stimulation of each of these nerves produces compound action potentials in the
      cranial ends of the majority of the major cardiopulmonary nerves demonstrating
      that axons in each dorsal mediastinal cardiac nerve interconnect with axons in
      the majority of the cardiopulmonary nerves. Axons in the left lateral cardiac
      nerve connect primarily with axons in the left caudal pole and left
      interganglionic nerves. The dorsal mediastinal nerves project distally onto the
      heart as coronary nerves accompanying the right or left coronary arteries. These
      innervated the ventricular myocardium which is supplied by their respective
      vessels. The left lateral cardiac nerve projects directly onto the lateral
      epicardium of the left ventricle. The dorsal mediastinal and left lateral cardiac
      nerves are the major sympathetic cardiac nerves. Thus, the cardiac nerves located
      in the mediastinum at the base of the heart are not simple extensions of
      cardiopulmonary nerves, but rather have a unique anatomy and function of their
      own.

PMID- 3697834
TI  - Renal metabolism during four types of lactic acidosis in the dog including
      anoxia.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to evaluate the metabolic response of the kidney
      to lactic acidosis. Four types of lactic acidosis were induced in the dog:
      infusion of lactic acid, infusion of lactic acid with phenformin, administration
      of phenformin alone, and hypoxia by breathing 95% nitrogen. In all groups of
      animals, the same degree of acidosis was observed with plasma bicarbonate ranging
      from 12.8 to 14.9 mM. Plasma lactate concentration ranged from 3.0 to 8.1
      mumol/mL. Renal ammoniagenesis failed to be influenced by lactic acidosis. As a
      matter of fact, it fell during anoxia. The extraction of glutamine by the kidney
      rose except during anoxia where it fell. The renal production of alanine rose
      during the infusion of lactic acid with and without phenformin. This coincided
      with the extraction of glutamine. The renal extraction of lactate rose in all
      forms of acidosis as well as the production of pyruvate. In the renal cortical
      tissue, the concentration of malate, pyruvate, and lactate rose. Alanine also
      rose except during anoxia. An important fall in cytosolic redox potential
      (NAD+/NADH lactate dehydrogenase) was observed, as well as a fall in
      mitochondrial redox (NAD+/NADH beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase). Lactate also
      accumulated in the liver and in the muscle. We propose that the kidney is unable
      to respond to lactic acidosis in terms of ammonia production and that this
      phenomenon is explained by transamination of pyruvate and glutamate into alanine
      and also by the observed fall in cytosolic redox potential. It is likely that
      renal gluconeogenesis is also inhibited and this is reflected by the rise in the
      concentration of malate in the kidney.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3697835
TI  - Effects of temperature on the transport of nucleosides in guinea pig
      erythrocytes.
AB  - The initial rate of [14C]uridine transport by guinea pig erythrocytes was
      investigated at different temperatures. At 37, 22, and 10 degrees C the
      concentration dependence of uridine zero-trans influx and equilibrium exchange
      influx was resolved into two components; (a) a saturable component which followed
      simple Michaelis-Menten kinetics and which was inhibited by
      nitrobenzylthioinosine, and (b) a linear component of low magnitude and
      insensitive to nitrobenzylthioinosine inhibition. The maximum velocity, Vmax, of
      zero-trans uridine influx for the saturable transport system was 70-fold higher
      at 37 than 10 degrees C (1.24, 0.20, and 0.018 mmol/L of cells per hour at 37,
      22, and 10 degrees C, respectively). Similarly, the apparent affinity, Km, for
      zero-trans influx decreased as the temperature was lowered (0.27, 0.066, and
      0.038 mM at 37, 22, and 10 degrees C, respectively). In contrast, uridine
      equilibrium exchange influx was less temperature dependent (Vmax, 2.80, 0.89, and
      0.14 mmol/L of cells per hour; apparent Km 0.61, 0.36, and 0.24 mM at 37, 22, and
      10 degrees C, respectively). These results demonstrate that the mobility of the
      empty carrier is impaired to a greater extent than the mobility of the loaded
      carrier temperature decreased. However, the kinetic constants for zero-trans
      uridine influx and efflux at 37 degrees C were similar, indicating that the
      nucleoside transporter exhibited directional symmetry at 37 degrees C. Arrhenius
      plots of the maximum velocity for equilibrium exchange and zero-trans uridine
      influx were discontinuous above 25 degrees C, but between 20 and 5 degrees C the
      plots were linear (Ea = 22 and 30 kcal/mol for equilibrium exchange and zero
      trans influx, respectively.

PMID- 3697836
TI  - Attenuation of the responses to repeated cholinergic interventions in the
      isolated dog atrium.
AB  - In the isolated, blood-perfused canine right atrium, which was pretreated with
      propranolol, negative chronotropic and inotropic responses were evoked by
      stimulation of the intramural parasympathetic nerve fibers or by intra-arterial
      infusion of acetylcholine (ACh). Successive cholinergic interventions were
      applied; first, a conditioning intervention for 2 min was given, then this was
      followed by a test intervention for 4 min. The two interventions were separated
      by a rest period that varied from 15 to 240 s. The cardiac responses to the
      conditioning parasympathetic nerve stimulation quickly reached maximum levels,
      and then they "faded" or progressively diminished back toward the control level.
      The inotropic responses to the conditioning infusion of ACh (1 microgram/min)
      faded slightly but the chronotropic response did not. After the rest period, the
      test nerve stimulation evoked responses that also gradually faded with time. The
      maximal amplitude of the responses to the test stimuli were less than those to
      the conditioning stimuli. This reduction in the maximal amplitude of the cardiac
      responses to the test stimuli was more pronounced with high frequency stimulation
      (30 Hz) than with low frequency stimulation (5 Hz). The decrement was also more
      pronounced the shorter the rest period, and it was greater at earlier times after
      beginning the stimulation. Conversely, the maximal cardiac responses to test
      infusions of ACh were not appreciably less than the responses to the conditioning
      infusions. We conclude, therefore, that the diminution of the cardiac responses
      to the second test stimulation of the parasympathetic nerve fibers was mainly
      ascribable to a prejunctional rather than to a postjunctional mechanism.

PMID- 3697837
TI  - Effect of a volatile anesthetic upon presynaptic excitability in mammalian
      hippocampus.
AB  - Changes in presynaptic terminal axon excitability produced by enflurane in the
      rat hippocampal slice preparation were investigated by stimulation of Schaeffer
      collateral terminal axons and by recording single unit antidromic action
      potentials. Stimulating pulses were preceded by conditioning hyperpolarizing or
      depolarizing current pulses. A plot of net threshold for action potential
      generation against the conditioning pulse yields an "accommodation curve;"
      changes in this curve can be used to assess the mechanism by which changes in
      excitability are produced. Enflurane, at a concentration equivalent to
      approximately equal to 1.3 times the minimum alveolar concentration, reduced
      excitability of terminal axons and increased accommodation in a manner consistent
      with a possible change in the inactivation of gNa.

PMID- 3697838
TI  - Within- and between-modality associations in probed recall: a test of the
      separate-streams hypothesis.

PMID- 3697839
TI  - Logographic reading: is the right hemisphere special?

PMID- 3697840
TI  - Effects of task instructions and contingency on the development of phasic heart
      rate control and its correlates.

PMID- 3697841
TI  - The interaction of complement components with Aeromonas species.
AB  - The interaction of seven serum-sensitive Aeromonas strains with the complement
      system was investigated using a 2-h quantitative assay. Of the strains tested,
      four isolates activated both the alternative and classical pathways, two
      activated only the alternative pathway, and one strain was sensitive to the
      bactericidal action of complement through the classical pathway only. Two of the
      four Aeromonas caviae strains were such efficient activators of the complement
      system that when challenged with human sera deficient in normal concentrations of
      C3 and C4, they were still subject to complement-mediated bacterial lysis. This
      phenomenon, in conjunction with previous studies on complement activation by
      Aeromonas spp., may help account for the decreased incidence observed of systemic
      disease caused by Aeromonas caviae.

PMID- 3697842
TI  - Selective medium for the isolation and enumeration of Mycobacterium avium
      intracellulare and M. scrofulaceum.
AB  - A medium for the selective isolation and enumeration of Mycobacterium avium
      intracellulare and M. scrofulaceum (MAIS) was developed, based upon the ability
      of these mycobacteria to utilize Tween 80 as sole carbon source and grow
      optimally at pH 5.5 on a simple mineral salts medium. Representative MAIS strains
      had higher efficiencies of plating on the Tween 80 medium compared with
      Middlebrook 7H10. It was shown that nonmycobacterial organisms in natural waters
      had lower efficiencies of plating on the Tween 80 medium and smaller colonies,
      thus allowing direct isolation and enumeration of the slowly growing mycobacteria
      without overgrowth.

PMID- 3697843
TI  - Response of the microflora in outdoor experimental streams to pentachlorophenol:
      environmental factors.
AB  - The 2nd year of a 2-year study of the fate of pentachlorophenol in outdoor
      artificial streams focused on details of microbial degradation by a combination
      of in situ and laboratory measurements. Replicate streams were dosed continuously
      at pentachlorophenol concentrations of 0, 48, and 144 micrograms/L, respectively,
      for an 88-d period during the summer of 1983. Pentachlorophenol was degraded both
      aerobically and anaerobically. Aerobic degradation was more rapid than anaerobic
      degradation. Mineralization of pentachlorophenol was concommitant with
      pentachlorophenol disappearance under aerobic conditions, but lagged behind loss
      of the parent molecule under anaerobic conditions. Biodegradation in the streams,
      or in specific stream compartments such as the sediment or water column, was
      characterized by an adaptation period (3-5 weeks for the stream as a whole, and
      reproducible from the previous year), which was inversely dependent on the
      concentration of pentachlorophenol and microbial biomass. The adaptation in the
      streams could be attributed to the time necessary for selective enrichment of an
      initially low population of pentachlorophenol degraders on surface compartments.
      The extent of biodegradation in the streams (percent loss of initial
      concentration of pentachlorophenol) increased with increasing pentachlorophenol
      input, which was explicable by an increase in the pentachlorophenol degrader
      population with increasing pentachlorophenol concentration. The sediment zone
      most significant to overall pentachlorophenol biodegradation was the top 0.5- to
      1-cm layer as shown by pentachlorophenol migration rates and depth profiles of
      degrader density within the sediment. Pentachlorophenol profiles in sediment
      cores taken during and after the adaptation period for degradation showed that
      diffusion of pentachlorophenol into the sediment was rate limiting to degradation
      in this compartment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3697844
TI  - Purification of the thermostable direct hemolysin of Vibrio parahaemolyticus by
      immunoaffinity column chromatography.
AB  - A simple method involving immunoaffinity column chromatography to purify the
      thermostable direct hemolysin of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was developed. The
      thermostable direct hemolysin purified from the culture supernatant of a strain
      isolated from the first reported case of V. parahaemolyticus infection in China
      in 1985 was indistinguishable from the hemolysins purified from strains isolated
      in Japan.

PMID- 3697845
TI  - Phagocytic specificity during sexual development in Dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - During the sexual cycle of Dictyostelium discoideum, zygote giant cells develop
      and serve as foci for further development by chemoattracting and cannibalizing
      hundreds of local amoebae. Previous work has shown that the phagocytic process
      bears similarities to and differences from asexual endocytosis. In the present
      study, sexual phagocytosis in D. discoideum was found to be species and
      developmental stage specific. It was inhibited selectively by glucose and
      concanavalin A. Although a partial, inhibitory effect of mannose on phagocytosis
      was not statistically significant, alpha-methylmannosamine, like alpha-methyl
      glucose, significantly restored the phagocytic competence of giant cells treated
      with concanavalin A. Other sugars (N-acetyl-glucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine,
      and galactose) and lectins (wheat germ agglutinin, Ulex europus type I, and
      Ricinis communis agglutinin type I) had no significant effect on sexual
      phagocytosis. Together these data indicate that a glucose-type receptor is
      involved in selective uptake of D. discoideum amoebae by giant cells.

PMID- 3697846
TI  - Evidence for the presence of a novel biosynthetic pathway for norspermidine in
      Vibrio.
AB  - Enzymatic studies of the cell extracts of Vibrio alginolyticus and V.
      parahaemolyticus provided evidence that there exists a novel biosynthetic pathway
      for norspermidine (NH2(CH2)3NH(CH2)3NH2), a major polyamine species. In this
      pathway, the Schiff base formed between aspartic beta-semialdehyde and 1,3
      diaminopropane is first reduced by a NADPH-dependent enzyme to yield
      "carboxynorspermidine" (NH2(CH2)3NH(CH2)2CH(NH2)COOH), which is in turn
      decarboxylated by a pyridoxal phosphate dependent enzyme to form norspermidine.
      The end product and its intermediate were identified by gas chromatography - mass
      spectrometry. Experiments with L-[U-14C]aspartic acid resulted in appreciable
      incorporation of the label into norspermidine. Putrescine could replace 1,3
      diaminopropane as a substrate to produce spermidine, but at a reduced rate. The
      enzyme activity was greatly enhanced by dithiothreitol. Since the activity of an
      aminopropyltransferase that utilizes decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine as an
      aminopropyl group donor could not be detected in any of the cell extracts by our
      assay method, it was concluded that this novel pathway is primarily responsible
      for producing norspermidine and spermidine in these species.

PMID- 3697847
TI  - What are my chances of understanding biostatistics?

PMID- 3697848
TI  - Anaphylaxis due to vaccination in the office.

PMID- 3697849
TI  - AIDS and fitness for work.

PMID- 3697850
TI  - Medical service in the Reserves: a serious commitment.

PMID- 3697851
TI  - Extra-billing: who's going to suffer?

PMID- 3697852
TI  - Restraints and the elderly.

PMID- 3697853
TI  - Candida and "20th-century disease".

PMID- 3697854
TI  - Cancer patterns in Canada.

PMID- 3697855
TI  - Socioeconomic disparities in risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

PMID- 3697856
TI  - Marital distress among resident physicians.

PMID- 3697857
TI  - Withdrawal of oxyphenbutazone: what about phenylbutazone?

PMID- 3697858
TI  - Dealing with the difficult older patient.
AB  - Physicians are often asked to intervene when elderly patients in acute or long
      term care facilities are disruptive, demanding or abusive. Though medication may
      be the immediate response, it often fails to solve the problem, which, being
      situational and behavioural, calls for a situational and behavioural solution. An
      organized approach to solving such problems is presented that takes into account
      the interactions among the patient, family, staff, setting and circumstances. The
      role of the physician as leader in the process is also discussed.

PMID- 3697859
TI  - Respiratory function of children in homes insulated with urea formaldehyde foam
      insulation.
AB  - A study was carried out to assess the respiratory function of children living in
      homes insulated with urea formaldehyde foam insulation (UFFI). A large data base
      on the effect of environmental variables on the respiratory function of 3500
      children in the Hamilton, Ont., area had been collected from 1978 to 1980. From
      this data base 29 children who lived in UFFI-insulated homes were identified, and
      each was matched with 2 controls according to nine variables that had been shown
      to be strongly predictive of respiratory function. Reported respiratory symptoms
      and results of pulmonary function testing in the year immediately following
      installation of UFFI were examined. No significant differences in any variable
      were found between the subjects and controls. A power calculation indicated that
      the study had adequate power to detect clinically important changes. The authors
      conclude that there was no evidence of respiratory problems resulting from UFFI
      in the sample studied.

PMID- 3697860
TI  - Incidence of active tuberculosis in the native population of Canada.
AB  - We analysed the incidence rates of active tuberculosis reported between 1970 and
      1981 in three groups of people born in Canada: Inuit, registered Indians and
      others (mainly of European origin). While the rates of tuberculosis were quite
      low in the last group, which constitutes about 82% of the population of Canada,
      they were 16 times higher among Indians and 24 times higher among Inuit. Some 20
      to 30 years ago the Inuit had the highest recorded rate of tuberculosis in the
      world; with an intensive program the rate decreased sharply. Such a program has
      not been implemented among the Indian population, and the incidence rate has not
      decreased as rapidly. A major effort is required to satisfactorily control
      tuberculosis among Indians. In addition, we must not allow our efforts to slacken
      in the control of tuberculosis among the Inuit.

PMID- 3697861
TI  - Treatment of a mediastinal parathyroid adenoma by contrast ablation.

PMID- 3697863
TI  - Canada Health Act: unpalatable carrot, unconstitutional stick.

PMID- 3697862
TI  - Trends in hospitalization for pelvic inflammatory disease in Canada, 1971-81.

PMID- 3697864
TI  - Beyond extra-billing...more disputes.

PMID- 3697865
TI  - Physician Manager Institute: reviving MD leadership.

PMID- 3697866
TI  - Advice for physicians considering careers as administrators.

PMID- 3697867
TI  - Are US physicians to be gatekeepers in $1 billion-a-day business?

PMID- 3697868
TI  - Care of the newborn in perinatal units in New Brunswick.
AB  - A survey of 23 perinatal units in New Brunswick hospitals was conducted by means
      of a mailed questionnaire to determine the type of care provided to newborns. The
      results showed various degrees of conformity with published guidelines for the
      care of newborns. Deficiencies were noted in several areas of care: failing to
      give or improperly giving vitamin K1 prophylaxis (in 7 of the units), flushing
      the eyes after silver nitrate prophylaxis (in 10), using hexachlorophene to bathe
      newborns (in 11) and delaying the first feeding up to 12 hours (in 3). It is
      essential to provide appropriate support to newborns as they adjust to a new
      environment and to ensure that alternative practices are in keeping with current
      scientific knowledge.

PMID- 3697869
TI  - Peritonitis during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in children.
AB  - The use of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in children has
      proved beneficial. However, peritonitis remains the major complication. A review
      of the incidence of peritonitis in 55 children (mean age 9.6 years) who underwent
      CAPD between 1978 and 1984 showed that there were 67 episodes of peritonitis (1
      per 9.4 patient-months) in 33 of the 55. Three patients accounted for 22 of the
      episodes. In all cases, treatment with antibiotics, given intraperitoneally, was
      successful. Cephalothin was routinely given for infections due to gram-positive
      organisms, tobramycin for infections due to gram-negative organisms. Peritonitis
      recurred in seven patients, of whom five had to have their catheters replaced
      because of associated chronic infections of the deep peritoneal cuff, the exit
      site or the catheter tunnel. Although peritonitis was a common complication of
      CAPD in this population, it did not affect the success of the technique.

PMID- 3697870
TI  - Repetitive pseudoseizures incorrectly managed as status epilepticus.
AB  - Pseudoseizures should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intractable
      seizures. Incorrect diagnosis may result in incorrect management, with the
      patient unnecessarily exposed to side effects of drugs. The authors report on
      three patients who presented with uncontrolled seizures originally diagnosed and
      managed as status epilepticus. Electroencephalography performed during provoked
      attacks led to a diagnosis of pseudoseizures. Psychiatric assessment revealed
      psychologic disorders. The patients received supportive therapy, and the
      pseudoseizures stopped.

PMID- 3697871
TI  - Acute abdominal distension in lactase deficiency relieved by metoclopramide.

PMID- 3697872
TI  - [Subacute rhinosinusitis due to Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum].

PMID- 3697873
TI  - OMA General Secretary Dr. Edward Moran talks about Bill 94. Ontario Medical
      Association.

PMID- 3697874
TI  - Hinton pulls together to handle train crash victims.

PMID- 3697875
TI  - US legislators scrambling to stop wave of offshore graduates.

PMID- 3697876
TI  - Abandoning fibrocystic disease of the breast.

PMID- 3697877
TI  - Getting physicians involved in hospital management.

PMID- 3697878
TI  - Funds, not just researchers, urgently needed.

PMID- 3697879
TI  - Medical education as preparation for research.

PMID- 3697880
TI  - Risk factors for perinatal mortality in Canada.

PMID- 3697881
TI  - Handling massive regurgitation when vital signs are absent.

PMID- 3697882
TI  - Carbon monoxide poisoning.

PMID- 3697883
TI  - Use of local anesthetics in malignant hyperthermia.

PMID- 3697884
TI  - Routine practices in perinatal care.

PMID- 3697885
TI  - Characteristics of a male homosexual/bisexual study population in Toronto,
      Canada.

PMID- 3697886
TI  - Planning support services for chronically sick in rural areas.

PMID- 3697887
TI  - The immunization status and source of immunization of two-year-old children in
      Montreal.

PMID- 3697888
TI  - Observed effects of media campaigns on restraint use.

PMID- 3697890
TI  - The two highest priorities in public health.

PMID- 3697889
TI  - Domestic air pollution and respiratory function in a group of housewives.

PMID- 3697891
TI  - Septic tank effluent treatment using an anaerobic filter.

PMID- 3697892
TI  - Protozoan parasites in Canadian Far East War Veterans.

PMID- 3697893
TI  - Information on mental illness. The use of newspapers, leaflets or both: a
      comparative study.

PMID- 3697894
TI  - Alcohol and other drug use among Ontario students: an update.

PMID- 3697895
TI  - Wife battering.

PMID- 3697896
TI  - Crisis action and reaction: health care in an Eritrean refugee camp.

PMID- 3697897
TI  - Respiratory diseases.

PMID- 3697898
TI  - Suicide and attempted suicide: legal issues.
AB  - Canadian Federal and Ontario Provincial statutes are reviewed as they relate to
      suicide and attempted suicide. Issues addressed include involuntary committal to
      psychiatric facilities, death by suicide as a legal cause of action, insurance
      exclusionary clauses and coroner's inquests.

PMID- 3697899
TI  - Moral philosophy and suicide.
AB  - There are two main moral issues regarding suicide: first, whether suicide is
      morally permissible, and if so, in what circumstances; and second, whether a
      person who knows that someone is contemplating or attempting suicide has an
      obligation to intervene and if so, how strong that obligation is. With respect to
      the first issue, it is difficult to resist the conclusion that suicide is not
      wrong in itself. To characterize suicide as murder of one's self is incorrect.
      Even if people who commit suicide deprive the community of some good, there is no
      general duty to provide good services to others. Theological objections to
      suicide are not persuasive. And suicide could be rational. For example, if one's
      scheme of values is to maximize the overall value of experience, and if at some
      point in the future negative value outweighs positive value, suicide would be
      rationally indicated. With respect to intervention, different considerations
      apply to persons involved with someone contemplating or attempting suicide,
      professionals, and the general public. Those who are involved have their own
      lives to live and need not alter them even when another person's life is at
      stake. Professionals should not become paternalistic authorities who keep
      subjects alive against their will and miserable for indefinite periods. The
      general public has only a weak duty to save strangers from suicide.

PMID- 3697900
TI  - Correlation of cigarette-induced increase in serum nicotine levels with arginine
      vasopressin concentrations in the syndrome of self-induced water intoxication and
      psychosis (SIWIP).
AB  - Ten patients [9 men and 1 woman; mean age 42.4 +/- 8.5 (+/- SD) years] who were
      smokers and who suffered the complications of self-induced water intoxication and
      psychosis (SIWIP) (8 patients with schizophrenic disorders, 1 patient with manic
      depressive illness, 1 patient with dementia) are reported. Each patient underwent
      serial determinations of parameters of water metabolism including plasma and
      urine osmolality and plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP). The syndrome of
      inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD) was found in each patient. Because of the
      reported effect that cigarette smoking has on antidiuresis, we correlated serum
      nicotine (NIC) levels with plasma and urine osmolality, AVP, and 24-hour urine
      volume (24 degrees-UV). We found no relationship between NIC and plasma or urine
      osmolality, AVP, or 24 degrees-UV. In the presence of SIWIP and SIAD, we infer
      the limbic-hypothalamic neurotransmitters in these psychotic patients are
      sufficiently powerful in stimulating both compulsive water drinking and
      inappropriate release of AVP so as to overshadow any effects that NIC may have on
      water metabolism.

PMID- 3697901
TI  - A preliminary outcome study of a community group treatment programme for
      emotionally disturbed adolescents.
AB  - The treatment of adolescents with psychiatric disturbance remains a highly
      unsuccessful area. Empirical research is limited and treatment decisions are
      often based on theoretical bias rather than proven results. This study reports on
      the results of a multivariate analysis of pre- and post-individual and family
      measures on patients in a community based day and evening programme. The
      programme utilized a broad range of treatment modalities including group and
      family therapy and chemotherapy. An accredited educational programme was also
      provided to the patients attending the day programme. The results of this study
      showed that adolescents were referred to either the day or evening programme
      components based on level of acting out behaviour rather than on DSM III
      diagnosis. Adolescents reported significant positive changes at post testing in
      all areas, but this improvement was not endorsed by parents. Although therapists
      perceived considerable improvement in their families after treatment, this
      improvement did not show up on the family assessment measure chosen. The findings
      of the study endorse the need for further empirical research in adolescent
      treatment and underscores the fallacy of relying on anecdotal evidence to report
      treatment results. Questions are raised as to the operational usefulness of the
      present DSM III criteria in making treatment decisions and the validity of
      associating individual dysfunction with family dysfunction. Some question as to
      the sensitivity of the family measure used was also raised. The study outlined
      strengths and weaknesses in the present treatment programme and underscored the
      importance of further evaluative research, if the treatment of adolescents with
      psychiatric disturbance is to become successful.

PMID- 3697902
TI  - The impact of data-based program modifications on the satisfaction of outpatients
      in group psychotherapy.
AB  - A previous assessment of patient satisfaction in our outpatient clinic indicated
      that patients in group psychotherapy were relatively dissatisfied with services
      in contrast to patients receiving other forms of therapy. A rational analysis on
      the part of program staff identified areas where modifications of the group
      therapy program could be implemented. These program changes are described.
      Satisfaction ratings of group therapy patients from a subsequent assessment
      project were compared to ratings from the initial study. Comparisons indicated
      that an improvement in the level of satisfaction of group patients was evident,
      providing support for the view that our program changes had had the desired
      beneficial impact. Results are discussed with regard to the value of ongoing
      evaluation and data-based modification of delivery services for the continuing
      improvement of patient care.

PMID- 3697903
TI  - Clients' satisfaction survey in a psychiatric inpatient population attached to a
      general hospital.
AB  - A clients' satisfaction survey was undertaken on the population of a psychiatric
      inpatient facility in a general hospital setting. The responses were analysed
      statistically and the results showed that the patients were highly satisfied with
      the services provided. The results are reviewed within the context of the
      literature available, and the methodological issues involved are discussed. It is
      felt that existing questionnaires need to be further refined to make them more
      sensitive to dissatisfaction felt by patients.

PMID- 3697904
TI  - Family violence and psychiatric disorder.
AB  - The relationship between family violence and psychiatric disorders was examined
      using standardized diagnostic interviews of 1200 randomly selected residents of a
      large Canadian city. The results showed that higher than expected proportions of
      those exhibiting violent behavior had a psychiatric diagnosis and the rate of
      violent behaviors in those with diagnoses (54.4%) significantly (p less than
      .0001) exceeds the rate in the remainder of the sample (15.5%). Particularly high
      rates of violence are found in those where alcoholism is combined with antisocial
      personality disorder and/or recurrent depression (80-93%). Also at high risk for
      violence are those who have made suicide attempts (over 50%) and those who have
      been arrested for non-traffic offences (two-thirds). These data suggest that
      psychiatric disorders have a strong relationship to violent behavior, and are not
      in agreement with the predominantly sociological explanations of family violence.

PMID- 3697905
TI  - Socialization scores in psychiatric patients and their implications for the
      diagnosis of personality disorders.
AB  - The distribution scores on the Socialization (So) scale of the California
      Psychological Inventory was examined in a series of 83 admissions to a general
      hospital psychiatric service. The series was divided into groups of low and high
      scorers (Low So and High So). Low So scorers were younger than high scorers and
      had a raised mean Neuroticism score. A strong association was found between So
      scores and the quality of parental care which patients reported receiving from
      their fathers. Other parental attributes are reported. Patients with a clinical
      diagnosis of personality disorder were found in the Low So, but not the High So
      group.

PMID- 3697906
TI  - [The Capgras syndrome].
AB  - A new case of Capgras' syndrome is presented with a short review on the subject.
      Since there are many controversies about the etiology of this syndrome, and since
      some authors explain it with organic factors, others with psychodynamic factors,
      or a combination of the two, one should be careful with this syndrome to
      eliminate the presence of organic factors with a meticulous physical examination
      and appropriate neuropsychological tests. A thorough examination of early
      interpersonal relations is necessary to verify psychodynamic hypothesis, the most
      plausible being the splitting of internalized object representations.

PMID- 3697907
TI  - Suicide: philosophical, legal, theological and medical issues.

PMID- 3697908
TI  - Suicidal patients and the ethics of medicine.
AB  - The moral values of contemporary society present a turmoil of pluralistic, often
      confusing values. In the face of these, what should be the proper attitude of the
      physician towards the suicidal patient? Should he (she) support the patient's
      autonomous right to make such a decision independently, or should he use his
      professional influence to try to sustain the patient's life? This paper discusses
      the social and religious roots of today's medical dilemma and tries to help the
      health professional to avoid the pitfalls of simplistic solutions which do not
      take account of clinical experience.

PMID- 3697909
TI  - Suicide: ethical and moral issues from a theological perspective.
AB  - A historical review of the Jewish, Christian, Islamic, Hindu and Buddist
      attitudes of suicide. The evolution to the contemporary Christian perspective is
      discussed citing contributions of Aristotle, Augustine, Aquinas and Donne. Issues
      raised by life-extension technology are discussed.

PMID- 3697910
TI  - Treatment of metastatic melanoma by 24-hour DTIC infusions and hemibody
      irradiation.
AB  - Forty-three patients with widely metastatic melanoma were studied. Visceral
      metastases were present in 79% of the patient group, including five patients with
      brain metastases. No patients were excluded because of "early death," etc., from
      analysis. All 43 patients received 24-hour DTIC infusions. Dosages for individual
      patients ranged from 350 mg/M2 to 2.5 g/M2, a maximum of 6 courses being given. A
      total of 155 courses was administered. Hemibody irradiation (HBI) was delivered
      after 1 or 3 courses of DTIC to the area of maximum disease in 23 patients.
      Fourteen of the 43 patients responded to DTIC chemotherapy (with one complete
      response), a response rate of 33%. Seven of the chemotherapy responders also
      responded in other sites to subsequent HBI, a response rate of 30% (7/23). No
      patient responded to HBI and not to DTIC. Median survival was 4 months (range, 1
      15), and nine patients are still alive at 3 to 15 months. Toxicity was generally
      mild, although there was one possible treatment-related death. Further
      exploration of DTIC infusion chemotherapy and HBI would be of interest.

PMID- 3697911
TI  - Severe lipemia induced by tamoxifen.
AB  - A 61-year-old woman was treated with tamoxifen for breast cancer and had marked
      hyperlipoproteinemia: high plasma triglyceride levels (2790 mg/dl); increased
      very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol levels (241 mg/dl); and high VLDL
      apoprotein B levels (126 mg/dl). Low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was
      decreased (104 mg/dl) and LDL apoprotein B was at 107 mg/dl. A low activity of
      both postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic triglyceride lipase
      (h-TGL) was also noted. All these observations were reversed following tamoxifen
      withdrawal. Plasma triglyceride levels fell to 361 mg/dl. VLDL cholesterol and
      VLDL apoprotein B decreased to 41 mg/dl (83%) and 21 mg/dl (83%), respectively.
      Meanwhile, LDL cholesterol rose to 194 mg/dl (86%) and LDL apoprotein B increased
      to 138 mg/dl (29%). LPL and h-TGL activities did increase following tamoxifen
      withdrawal. Our observations show that, in some patients, the previously
      described weak hypertriglyceridemic effect of tamoxifen is amplified. That
      observation supports the concept and helps to explain that, in such severe
      induced lipemia, reduction of the activities of LPL and h-TGL might impede the
      conversion of VLDL to LDL, thus causing an amplification of the effect.

PMID- 3697912
TI  - Treatment of plasma cell granuloma of the lung with radiation therapy. A report
      of two cases and a review of the literature.
AB  - Plasma cell granuloma is a rare, benign tumor that affects people at all ages and
      most frequently involves the lung, gastrointestinal tract, and salivary gland.
      They are the most common, isolated, primary lesion of the lung in children less
      than 16 years of age, and usually present as circumscribed, peripheral,
      parenchymal tumors, which may be static or increase slowly in size without
      causing symptoms. Whereas surgical excision is the treatment of choice, there are
      situations in which the lesion cannot be resected without significant morbidity
      because of direct extension into the mediastinum or lymph nodes. In these
      circumstances, radiation therapy may be a better therapeutic option. Two cases of
      plasma cell granuloma that could not be completely resected are described. The
      patients were treated with radiation therapy consisting of 4320 rad in 4.5 weeks
      and 4500 rads in 4.5 weeks, respectively, and both have been cured. Although
      surgery as the primary treatment for most patients is still recommended,
      especially in the young so the potential side effects of radiation therapy can be
      avoided, the authors believe that in rare cases where the lesion is locally
      aggressive and surgically unresectable or resectable only with major morbidity,
      radiation therapy can be an effective alternative. Currently, the recommended
      treatment is 4000 to 4500 rad given in 180 to 200 rad fractions, with the fields
      being carefully tailored to tumor volume in order to minimize the dose to the
      surrounding normal tissue.

PMID- 3697913
TI  - Chromosome abnormalities in familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.
AB  - Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHLH) is an uncommon disorder
      characterized by multiorgan infiltration with phagocytic histiocytes/macrophages.
      It may be inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, but specific associated
      cytogenetic abnormalities have not been documented. The authors describe a 10
      week-old white female without prior family history of FHLH, who fulfilled the
      histologic and clinical criteria for the diagnosis. In addition, cytogenetic
      abnormalities, including the presence of double minute chromosomes and occasional
      loss of chromosomes 7 and 12, were documented in unstimulated peripheral blood
      cells. These karyotypic findings are usually associated with dyserythropoietic
      and leukemic states, and have not been described previously in the context of
      FHLH. It may be useful to do chromosome analyses on unstimulated peripheral blood
      cultures from FHLH patients before treatment to examine the karyotype of
      proliferating cells, which may represent the infiltrative histiocytes seen in the
      disorder.

PMID- 3697914
TI  - Double minute chromosomes. A bone marrow indicator of neuroblastoma metastasis
      and relapse: two case reports.
AB  - Two cases of childhood neuroblastoma are presented. Case 1 was diagnosed as Stage
      IV with metastasis to the bone marrow. During remission, histologic studies of
      bone marrow aspirate and biopsy showed a normocellular marrow with no evidence of
      malignant cells. Concurrent cytogenetic studies of the bone marrow showed the
      majority of the cells to contain double minute chromosomes (DM). The chromosome
      findings indicated the presence of neuroblastoma cells in the marrow prior to
      histologic evidence of relapse. Case 2 was diagnosed as Stage I neuroblastoma
      with no metastasis to the bone marrow. Subsequent cytogenetic studies showed DM
      present in a small number of cells and a deletion of chromosome 1 (1p-) in a
      single cell. The chromosome findings indicated an advanced stage of malignancy
      which was not evident with histologic techniques. These findings suggest that
      cytogenetic analysis of bone marrow can be a valuable aid to the early diagnosis,
      prognosis, and treatment of neuroblastoma.

PMID- 3697915
TI  - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the elderly. A retrospective clinicopathologic study of
      50 patients.
AB  - The pathologic and clinical findings of 50 patients aged 65 or older (median,
      71.5 years) with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) are reported. These patients
      formed 27% of all cases of NHL seen in a single institution over a 7-year period.
      Forty patients presented with nodal and 10 with extranodal NHL. According to the
      Ann Arbor system, 20 were clinical and/or pathologic Stages I and II, and 30 were
      Stages III and IV; of the 10 patients presenting with extranodal NHL, 8 were
      Stages I and II. Histologically, 84% of the cases were of the intermediate and
      high-grade groups according to the Working Formulation; diffuse histiocytic was
      the most frequent histotype (34%) according to the Rappaport classification. The
      pattern was diffuse in 94% of the cases. Five patients received no treatment;
      treatments were conservative (monochemotherapy and/or local radiotherapy) in 19
      patients and aggressive (polychemotherapy and/or extended-field radiotherapy) in
      26. Four patients of the latter group died of toxicity; 22 patients died of
      lymphoma and 13 of other causes; the other 11 (22%) patients are still alive. The
      overall median survival was 2.2 years. A significantly better survival was
      observed in patients with Stages I and II (P less than 0.025) and in those with
      intermediate grade (P less than 0.05) when compared with patients having Stages
      III and IV and high-grade histology, respectively. Apparently, no significant
      difference both in response and survival was found between the groups of patients
      which arbitrarily underwent conservative or aggressive treatments on the basis of
      their general conditions. Randomized clinical trials should be designed in order
      to draw more significant conclusions on the correct management of elderly
      patients with NHL.

PMID- 3697916
TI  - Multiple primary neoplasia of the head and neck and lung. The changing
      histopathology.
AB  - The authors reviewed 1373 consecutive cases of patients with oral head and neck
      cancer or lung cancer and identified 25 patients with multiple primary neoplasia
      (MPN). All 25 MPN cases had squamous carcinoma of the head and neck; however,
      only 40% (N = 10) had squamous carcinoma of the lung. The histologic types of non
      squamous lung carcinoma were: adenocarcinoma 36% (N = 9), small cell carcinoma
      20% (N = 5), and large cell undifferentiated carcinoma 4% (N = 1). Of 927 cases
      of MPN of the head and neck and lung reported in the English language literature,
      only 100 cases (10.78%) demonstrated a histologic discrepancy between the primary
      tumors. Recent reports demonstrate a histologic shift toward non-squamous lung
      carcinoma in MPN that is similar to our data, and that corresponds to the
      increase in non-squamous carcinomas recently seen in lung cancer in general.
      Possible implications of these findings are discussed.

PMID- 3697917
TI  - Primary leiomyosarcoma of the seminal vesicle.
AB  - A leiomyosarcoma of the seminal vesicle, found at an early stage on routine
      rectal examination, is described. The authors believe that this report
      represents, to date, the most conclusive documentation of primary origin of a
      sarcoma in the seminal vesicle. It is also the first report in which electron
      microscopy yielded definitive diagnostic information. Review of the previously
      reported cases suggests that radical surgery may offer a realistic chance for
      cure.

PMID- 3697918
TI  - Hibernoma. A case report and discussion of a rare tumor.
AB  - A case report is presented of a large retroperitoneal hibernoma along with the
      clinical, radiographic, and pathologic findings. Despite the unusual size and
      location of this hibernoma, the case illustrates the salient features of these
      rare tumors of brown fat origin. Pitfalls in preoperative diagnosis are
      discussed. To date, there has been no convincing evidence of malignant potential
      of this tumor, and total excision remains the treatment of choice.

PMID- 3697919
TI  - Age as a prognostic factor in breast cancer.
AB  - The influence of age on survival was studied in an unselected series of 31,594
      females with breast cancer reported to The Cancer Registry of Norway during 1955
      1980. The prognosis was best in patients aged 35 to 49 years, and poorest in the
      older (greater than or equal to 75 years) and the younger patients (less than or
      equal to 34 years). These trends were present in all stages and periods of
      diagnosis. The poor outcome among the older patients may, in part, be related to
      less aggressive treatment, while differences in treatment procedures hardly
      explain the poor prognosis among the younger patients.

PMID- 3697920
TI  - Esophagitis in a population at risk for esophageal carcinoma.
AB  - A previously unreported high incidence of endoscopically identifiable, diffuse,
      largely nonulcerative esophagitis, is described in a selected population of
      Southern African blacks at risk of cancer of the esophagus. This is comparable
      with findings in similar groups in Iran and China. The incidence of dysplasia and
      "early" cancer is still undefined in South Africa.

PMID- 3697921
TI  - Familial aggregation of melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and gastric
      adenocarcinoma.
AB  - A family with four cases of melanoma, seven cases of basal cell carcinoma, and
      two cases of gastric adenocarcinoma, is described. The proband, who had three
      different primary tumors, died of gastric cancer, as did his father. Four of the
      proband's six siblings were affected with melanoma or basal cell cancer, as were
      two of his three children. Both daughters of one melanoma patient developed basal
      cell cancers. No spouses were affected, the cases were widely separated in time
      and place, and no unusual exposures were reported. HLA analysis of affected and
      unaffected first-degree relatives showed no association with antigens previously
      described in familial melanoma or segregation with a specific HLA haplotype.
      Although there was no association with HLA phenotype, these results suggest that
      melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and gastric adenocarcinoma can be inherited in an
      autosomally dominant pattern similar to other familial tumor syndromes.

PMID- 3697922
TI  - Comparison of adrenal cortical tumors in children and adults.
AB  - Morphologic features (abnormal mitoses, necrosis, vascular and capsular invasion,
      broad fibrous bands, cellular pleomorphism, size) previously suggested to be
      predictors of malignant behavior in adrenal cortical tumors were assessed
      individually in 23 (17 benign, 6 malignant) pediatric and 42 (29 benign, 13
      malignant) adult tumors. Of these features, size was the only predictor of
      malignancy in pediatric tumors. All pediatric tumors weighing more than 500 g
      were malignant and all but one weighing less than 500 g were benign. The
      remaining features were present in both benign and malignant pediatric tumors,
      and pediatric benign tumors were significantly more likely to have mitoses (P
      less than 0.01), necrosis (P less than 0.001), broad fibrous bands (P less than
      0.005), and moderate to severe pleomorphism (P less than 0.01) than were adult
      benign tumors. The authors conclude that pediatric tumors are more likely to be
      benign than previously thought, and that size is the only morphologic predictor
      of their biologic behavior.

PMID- 3697923
TI  - Testicular tumors with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.
AB  - The case of a 6-year-old boy with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), gynecomastia, and
      multifocal and bilateral testicular tumors is described. Females with PJS are
      known to be at increased risk for developing gonadal tumors. This case and other
      reports from the literature suggest that males, as well as females, with PJS are
      at risk for developing gonadal tumors.

PMID- 3697924
TI  - Mass screening for colorectal cancer by testing fecal occult blood.
AB  - The validity of screening for colorectal cancer by testing for occult blood on 2
      successive days was evaluated over a 2-year period beginning April 1980 by
      testing 9449 individuals without symptoms. The Shionogi slide (Shionogi
      Pharmaceutical Co., Osaka, Japan), a commercial guaiac-impregnated slide with
      moderate sensitivity, was used for screening subjects under dietary restriction.
      Of the 1401 persons (14.8%) who had a positive reaction for occult blood, 858
      (61.2%) received further diagnostic examinations, and 265 of them proved to have
      one or more abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract. Colorectal cancer was
      detected in 11 persons and polyps in 91 persons. Eight of the cancers were in an
      early stage. This screening method was found to be suitable for large-scale mass
      screening, and appears to have high diagnostic value.

PMID- 3697925
TI  - A method for assessing potential bias among cancer patients recorded as "dead of
      other causes." Application to cases of intraocular melanoma.
AB  - By applying the Cox regression model to 226 cases of intraocular melanoma, the
      authors detected a statistical association between tumor-related measurements and
      42 deaths that were recorded as due to causes other than melanoma within 10 years
      of follow-up. This association may reflect a number of events, including errors
      in assignment of cause of death and confounding from any one of several sources.

PMID- 3697926
TI  - Risk of second cancer after cancer in childhood.
AB  - Against the background of a seemingly short latency period for the majority of
      childhood tumors and the theory of the existence of a prezygotic variation of the
      two-step mutation model prior to tumor development, the risk of second cancer
      after cancer in childhood is examined in the population of Denmark from 1943
      1980. A total of 5319 cases of primary cancer in childhood were followed until
      patient death or the end of 1980, and the number of secondary tumors were
      observed, specifying on diagnosis, age, sex, and time since first tumor
      diagnosis. A total of 23 secondary tumors was observed (O) against an expected
      (E) figure of 6.5, corresponding to an O/E ratio of 4.4. The risk varies greatly
      according to time elapsed since first diagnosis, with the highest risk in close
      relation to the primary tumor. The second tumor is probably more frequently
      localized to the skin and brain than elsewhere, and the risk of a second tumor is
      particularly associated with leukemia and osteosarcoma in childhood. It is
      concluded that the results are compatible with the theory of a prezygotic
      variation of the two-step mutation model.

PMID- 3697927
TI  - Hodgkin's disease in children in Kuwait.
AB  - Between 1968 and 1981, 78 children younger than age 15 years were diagnosed,
      staged, treated, and followed up for a minimum period of 2 years. Most cases
      (64%) were in their first decade and the male-to-female ratio was 1.9:1. Mixed
      cellularity type occurred in 49% and nodular sclerosis in 32%. Lymphocytic
      depletion type was rare and occurred in only 4% of the cases. More than one half
      (53%) had Stages III and IV at presentation. The mediastinum was involved in 38%.
      The treatment of Stages I and II was mainly by radiotherapy, and Stages III and
      IV by combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The total survival was 75%
      and relapse-free survival was 53%. Since 1975, lymphography became a routine
      investigation and staging laparotomy was performed in selected case. The mantle
      field was extended to include the para-aortic bar and spleen in Stage II with
      enlarged mediastinum, Stage IIIs after laparotomy, and cases in which laparotomy
      was thought to be indicated but was not performed. The new policy resulted in
      marked improvement in survival (from 56% to 87%) and relapse-free survival (from
      32% to 70%). The stage at presentation was the main prognostic factor, although
      in the second period of the study, the difference between Stage I and II
      disappeared.

PMID- 3697928
TI  - The role of radiotherapy in the management of maxillary sinus carcinoma.
AB  - From 1971 to 1983, a total of 208 patients with maxillary sinus carcinomas were
      treated at Department of Radiology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, 38 by
      Method I (radiation + surgery + intraarterial 5-fluorouracil [5-Fu] infusion),
      and 170 by Method II (radiation + surgery). Radiation doses ranged from 30 to 50
      Gy over 3 to 5 weeks in Method I and 52 to 58 Gy over 4 weeks in Method II.
      Overall actuarial survival rate at 5 years was 45.6%. No statistical difference
      in survival rates was found between Method I and Method II. With respect to T
      stage, absolute 5-year survival rates were 100% (4/4) for T2, 49.5% (52/105) for
      T3, and 24.4% (11/45) for T4. From our data, no advantage in the use of intra
      arterial 5-Fu infusion was demonstrated; the local failures in Method I developed
      earlier and more frequently than in Method II. The ultimate failures for all
      patients were 46.8%. Since 1980 when treatment planning by using computerized
      tomography scans and immobilization device was initiated, improvement in survival
      rate while reducing an incidence of eye complications has been accomplished.

PMID- 3697929
TI  - Thermoradiotherapy for persistent cancer in previously irradiated fields.
AB  - Among some 300 patients undergoing clinical trails with localized radiofrequency
      hyperthermia, 42 whose cancers had persisted or recurred after conventional
      radiotherapy were selected for additional limited radiation plus hyperthermia.
      There were 10 complete responses to therapy, 13 partial responses and one patient
      was considered nonevaluable. In the remaining 18 patients there was minor
      regression, stabilization or progression of the tumor. After completion of
      treatment, five of the tumors appeared operable and surgical resection was
      accomplished in four. The results of this study support the concept that
      hyperthermia has a potentiating effect when used in conjunction with radiation
      therapy.

PMID- 3697930
TI  - Fournier's gangrene complicating aggressive therapy for hematologic malignancy.
AB  - The authors describe two cases of Fournier's gangrene complicating aggressive
      therapy for hematologic malignancies. Fournier's gangrene is a fulminant
      necrotizing fasciitis of the scrotum and penis, often with an infectious
      etiology. Only one prior case has been reported in a patient receiving aggressive
      chemotherapy for a hematologic malignancy. Unique to these three cases was
      profound granulocytopenia and the culturing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in both the
      blood and necrotic perineal-scrotal tissue. Maintaining a high index of suspicion
      with early recognition and aggressive therapy may decrease the morbidity and
      mortality of this devastating and life-threatening infection in the compromised
      host.

PMID- 3697931
TI  - Correlation of circulating natural killer cell count with prognosis in large cell
      lymphoma.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody recognizing a natural killer (NK) cell-associated antigen
      was used to sequentially quantify numbers of peripheral blood NK cells in a small
      group of patients with large cell lymphoma. Patients with active disease had low
      numbers (less than 100/mm3) of NK cells. Patients in complete remission after
      therapy had normal numbers of NK cells, but those patients who relapsed had a
      fall of NK cell number to less than 100/mm3 preceding or concurrent with clinical
      relapse. A role for NK cells in the surveillance and control of abnormal
      lymphoproliferation is suggested, as is the possible prognostic utility of
      sequential peripheral blood NK cell quantification in patients with large cell
      lymphoma.

PMID- 3697932
TI  - Pure red cell aplasia in association with malignant histiocytosis.
AB  - The authors report a case of malignant histiocytosis complicated with pure red
      cell aplasia. Erythrophagocytic histiocytes were found only rarely and no
      histiocyte ingested erythroblasts. Neither serum immunoglobulin G nor peripheral
      blood T-cells have any inhibitory activity to erythroid colony growth from
      allogeneic bone marrow. Pure red cell aplasia is an unusual complication in
      malignant histiocytosis.

PMID- 3697933
TI  - The in vitro effects of methotrexate on the phagocytosis and intracellular
      killing of Staphylococcus aureus by human neutrophils.
AB  - The in vitro effect of therapeutic concentrations of methotrexate on the
      phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus by circulating
      human neutrophils was assessed. Neutrophils were isolated from whole blood of six
      healthy human volunteers by density centrifugation and incubated with 10(-3) M
      methotrexate. Staphylococcus aureus was opsonized in human serum and added to the
      prepared neutrophils. Phagocytosis was determined by serial dilutions and plating
      of unphagocytized bacteria. After treatment with lysostaphin and trypsin,
      intracellular killing of bacteria was determined at set intervals by serial
      dilutions and platings of viable bacteria released by neutrophil lysis.
      Methotrexate-treated neutrophils phagocytized 56% and control neutrophils 67% of
      bacteria in 15 minutes (P greater than 0.5), and 96% of ingested bacteria were
      killed in 15 minutes by both populations. In these experiments, the in vitro
      incubation of circulating human neutrophils with methotrexate produced no
      significant alterations in neutrophilic phagocytosis or intracellular killing of
      S. aureus.

PMID- 3697934
TI  - DNA content and prognosis in renal cell carcinoma. A comparison between primary
      tumors and metastases.
AB  - Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content was retrospectively determined by single-cell
      cytophotometry in primary tumors and corresponding metastases from 32 patients
      with renal cell carcinoma. In 15 of the primary tumors a diploid/near diploid and
      in 17 an aneuploid DNA content was found. A diploid/near diploid DNA pattern was
      revealed in 10 metastases and 22 were aneuploid. By comparing the DNA content in
      the primary tumors with their metastases, 13 of 32 showed a clear divergency,
      which might illustrate tumor cell heterogeneity of renal cell carcinoma. The DNA
      pattern showed a close correlation to morphologic grading. A correlation between
      DNA content in the metastases and survival time was found. Patients, with
      diploid/near diploid metastases survived significantly longer than those with
      aneuploid DNA contents (mean, 31.1 and 11.5 months, respectively; P = 0.004). In
      contrast to this, no correlation was found between DNA content in the primary
      tumors and survival time.

PMID- 3697936
TI  - Prognostic significance of mean cell volume in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
AB  - Cell volumes of neoplastic lymphocytes collected from lymph nodes of 53 patients
      with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were compared to lymphocytes from 18 patients with
      reactive hyperplasia. The mean cell volume (MCV) and the modal volume (MV) of
      neoplastic lymphocytes were larger than the MCV and MV of lymphocytes from
      reactive hyperplasia. The cell volumes of neoplastic lymphocytes from patients
      with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were more heterogeneous within and among cases than
      observed in volumes from lymphocytes of patients with reactive hyperplasia. The
      cell volumes of neoplastic lymphocytes corresponded to subgroups within the
      Rappaport Classification and the Working Formulation. Cell volumes of neoplastic
      cells from low-grade lymphomas were smaller than intermediate grade lymphomas
      which in turn were smaller than high-grade lymphomas. When cases of NHL were
      placed into three subtypes based on the MCV, large cell lymphomas had a
      significantly shorter survival then small and intermediate cell lymphomas at 12
      months. However, a stepwise multiple regression analysis failed to demonstrate
      any independent value of cell volume in the prediction of survival.

PMID- 3697935
TI  - Improvement of human tumor cloning assay by suspension of fibroblasts into the
      bottom layer of agarose.
AB  - Twenty-nine human tumors were cultured on a soft agarose cloning assay under
      three conditions: (1) standard (control); (2) standard with varying numbers of
      mitomycin C-treated 3T3 Swiss mouse embryonic fibroblasts suspended into the
      bottom layer of agarose; and (3) standard with varying concentrations of
      conditioned medium derived from those same fibroblasts. Suspension of 1 X 10(5)
      fibroblasts into the bottom layer of agarose was found to significantly increase
      the number of colonies formed over control specimens, as did cultures with 30%
      conditioned medium. In addition, compared with control, both of these techniques
      increased the number of specimens which would allow optimal vitro chemotherapy
      sensitivity testing. Specifically, growth of at least 30 colonies per plate
      increased from 7% of specimens treated under control conditions to 36% and 52% of
      specimens treated with 30% conditioned medium and 1 X 10(5) fibroblast
      supplemented agar, respectively. This data indicate that 3T3 Swiss mouse
      fibroblasts improve cloning efficiency when suspended in the bottom layer of
      agarose or when used to produce conditioned medium. As a consequence, these
      techniques may permit a better opportunity to define the role of the cloning
      assay for cancer chemotherapy.

PMID- 3697937
TI  - Clinical value of a multiple biomarker assay in patients with bronchogenic
      carcinoma.
AB  - In 98 newly diagnosed patients with histologically proven bronchogenic carcinoma
      seen at Cuneo Hospital of Chest Diseases from July 1983 to December 1984,
      multiple biomarker assays were performed. Fiftynine cases had more than one
      carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and/or tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) assay
      during the course of the disease, at 3- to 12-week intervals. A total of 209 CEA
      (91 pretreatment), 170 TPA (80 pretreatment), 62 human chorionic gonadotropin
      (HCG)-beta subunits and 60 lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was assayed. In addition,
      serum samples were taken from 141 blood donors and their TPA values were used as
      a control. The percentages of elevated values were, respectively, 37%, 52%, 18%,
      and 25%. In 85% of the patients at least one biomarker was found to be higher
      than normal. Neither significant differences between mean biomarker levels in
      tumors of various histologic types nor positive intermarker correlations were
      found. The number of patients with elevated CEA, TPA, and LDH serum levels and
      their mean values increased significantly according to the disease extent. Among
      evaluated markers TPA showed the highest accordance to tumor burden. The raising
      of two markers was never associated with Stage I-II disease, except in one
      patient. Both CEA and TPA concentrations changed significantly during the course
      of the illness in relation to the clinical status assessment. Abnormal
      pretreatment levels of CEA, LDH, and particularly, TPA were independently and
      significantly associated with a poor outcome. Patients with abnormal levels of
      TPA and LDH and, to a lesser degree, TPA and beta-HCG had shorter survival as
      compared with patients with high TPA values, irrespective of the LDH and beta-HCG
      levels, although not significantly so.

PMID- 3697938
TI  - Susceptibility to carcinogenesis.
AB  - This report examines qualitative and quantitative evidence that the spontaneous
      incidence of a specific type of tumor is one of the many factors which determine
      the incidence of carcinogen-induced tumors of the same type. To avoid selection
      bias in the choice of data for analysis, all suitable data used in a previous
      review on a closely related subject are analyzed. One method of attack consists
      of the mathematical elimination of factors other than spontaneous incidence which
      influence carcinogenesis. When unselected carcinogenesis data are examined
      without such elimination, then the spontaneous incidence often has no apparent
      effect on induced incidence. The explanation appears to be that the spontaneous
      incidence is a weak factor which has incomplete penetrance, and frequently is
      outweighed by other factors. Although the evidence examined is consistent with
      this conclusion, this does not constitute proof. Regarding mechanism, a
      carcinogen is seen to enhance the potential for the conversion of normal
      progenitor cells into cancer cells, which underlies the spontaneous incidence of
      tumors. It follows that carcinogen assays should be most sensitive, when the type
      of tumor induced by the carcinogen has a spontaneous incidence which is overt but
      low, or is just barely subthreshold.

PMID- 3697939
TI  - Adult neuroblastoma. Report of three cases and review of the literature.
AB  - Adult neuroblastoma is an uncommon malignancy. The authors report three
      additional cases and review the 39 reported cases in the world literature.
      Presentation in the abdomen is the most common; a high rate of lower limb
      presentation is also observed. Incidence is equal between sexes with median age
      of presentation of 34 years. Survival is greatest after surgical intervention
      (median, 20.5 months) compared with no surgery (median, 12.5 months).
      Chemotherapy may benefit individual patients but does not have a major impact on
      survival. Radiotherapy is indicated for localized, inoperable primaries or
      painful metastases. The survival rates of this group of patients parallels that
      of childhood neuroblastoma, Stage III-IV.

PMID- 3697940
TI  - Late recurrence of surgically removed prolactinomas.
AB  - The authors observed the clinical course of 24 women with surgically removed
      prolactinomas for a mean postoperative interval of 62 months. The frequency of
      late tumor recurrence and probable factors responsible for the recurrence were
      investigated. Hyperprolactinemia recurred in 4 of 13 patients with microadenomas
      (31%) 3 to 9 months after removal. In the macroadenoma group, relapse of
      hyperprolactinemia occurred in 10 of 11 patients (91%), an average of 26 months
      after the initial postoperative return to normal prolactin levels. Return of
      hyperprolactinemia was accompanied by radiologic evidence of tumor recurrence in
      all patients with macroadenoma, and in one patient with microadenoma. Of 12
      tumors in which adjacent dura was available for histopathologic examination, 7
      showed dural invasion. Although these seven patients had significantly higher
      preoperative levels of serum prolactin than the five without dural invasion,
      there was no significant relation between dural involvement and tumor recurrence.
      The probabilities of tumor recurring from multifocal adenoma or paraadenomatous
      lactotrope hyperplasia could not be assessed using our surgical material. The
      most plausible reason for the high recurrence rate of prolactinomas after
      apparent surgical cure, in the absence of defined anatomic abnormalities within
      the pituitary, is a functional abnormality of hypothalamic-pituitary control
      resulting from a primary hypothalamic disorder.

PMID- 3697941
TI  - Lung cancer detection. Results of a randomized prospective study in
      Czechoslovakia.
AB  - A randomized prospective study of lung cancer detection was begun in 1976 to
      evaluate semiannual screening by radiologic and sputum cytologic study in
      comparison to screening at a 3-year interval, and to no screening. In a high-risk
      population of 6364 men (aged 40 to 64 years), the initial prevalence of lung
      cancer was 0.28% (18 cases), the annual incidence was 0.35% per year (66 cases
      during 3 years), the proportion of Stage I cases was 31% (26/84), and Stage II
      was 17% (14/84), "curative" resections were 27% (23/84), and 5-year survival was
      23% (19/84). The study confirmed the ability of radiologic screening to detect
      lung cancer at an earlier stage when treatment by resection can be accomplished.
      The fate of a high-risk population submitted to screening was better than that of
      a population with no screening where lung cancer was discovered by symptoms,
      accidental x-rays, or at autopsy. A matter of lesser importance was the frequency
      of screening. The absolute numbers of 5-year survivors detected by screening were
      practically the same for either compared screening frequency.

PMID- 3697942
TI  - Report of a family with hereditary site-specific colon cancer.
AB  - A large family with a high prevalence of colorectal cancer, presenting the major
      features of hereditary site-specific colon cancer (i.e., autosomic dominant model
      of heredity, absence of associated adenomatous polyposis, prevalence of right
      sided colonic lesions, and young age of the patients) is described. The lack of
      association with solitary adenomatous polyps, the higher survival rate of
      patients with left-sided colon cancer, and the absence of extracolonic tumors
      were peculiar characteristics of this family. These data, in agreement with other
      reports, appear to suggest that the inherited colon cancer syndromes are not a
      single entity, but a group of related entities linked by their familial
      occurrence.

PMID- 3697943
TI  - Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of bone and soft tissue. A review of 111 cases.
AB  - A series of 111 mesenchymal chondrosarcomas was reviewed. The ages of the
      patients ranged from 5 to 74 years, and approximately 60% of them were in the
      second and third decades of life. There was no significant sex predilection.
      Seventy-two tumors, including 5 that involved multiple skeletal sites, arose in
      bone. Thirty-eight tumors were found in extraskeletal sites. At initial
      diagnosis, multifocal involvement, both in bone and in soft tissue, was observed
      in one case. Roentgenographically, the lesions in bone frequently resembled
      ordinary chondrosarcomas, showing osteolytic and destructive appearances with
      stippled calcification. Tumors in extraskeletal sites were almost always
      identified as calcified masses. Histologically, a combination of cellular zones
      composed of undifferentiated small cells and chondroid zones typically presented
      a bimorphic appearance that was virtually pathognomonic in most cases. Ablative
      surgical treatment seemed to be the procedure of choice. The value of irradiation
      or chemotherapy (or both) was difficult to assess in the current study. Prognosis
      for patients with mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is usually poor, and long-term
      follow-up is necessary. In a group of 23 patients from the Mayo Clinic, the 5
      year survival rate was 54.6% and the 10-year survival rate was 27.3%.

PMID- 3697944
TI  - Do the predictions for cancer incidence come true? Experience from Finland.
AB  - The observed occurrence of cancer in Finland in 1980 was compared with that
      predicted by extrapolation of the trends in cancer incidence by site in 1957 to
      1968. The predictions had been constructed as 90% confidence intervals. Of the
      mutually exclusive 33 incidence predictions, 22 (67%) included the observed
      incidence rate. The incidence rate was successfully predicted for intestinal,
      pancreatic, and urinary cancers, as well as for lymphomas, whereas incidence
      forecasts concerning cancers of the lung, breast, and cervix uteri, and melanomas
      of the skin did not come true. The incidence of male lung cancer did not increase
      as was expected, breast cancer incidence increased even more than expected, and
      the decrease in the incidence of cervical cancer was steeper than expected.
      Because of failure in the population forecast, only 55% of the predictions (90%
      confidence intervals) for the numbers of new cancer cases included the observed
      number. For administrative purposes it would be important for the predictions to
      come true. On the other hand, the successes or failures of the predictions
      related to specific cancers may be used to study the effect of changes in
      etiologic factors, diagnostic methods, or the definition of cancer, as well as
      the effect of mass screening or other intervention measures upon the cancer
      incidence. Extrapolation as a method of forecasting cancer incidence is adequate
      as far as the control of random error is concerned when only short-term
      forecasts, ranging from 5 to 10 years, are needed.

PMID- 3697945
TI  - Lysosomotropic agents reverse multiple drug resistance in human cancer cells.
AB  - Chloroquine, a well-known lysosomotropic amine, partially reversed the resistance
      of multi-drug-resistant KB carcinoma cells to adriamycin, daunomycin,
      vincristine, vinblastine and actinomycin D. Other lysosomotropic amines,
      propranolol, atropine, amantadine and nicotine, also restored the sensitivity of
      multi-drug-resistant cells to the anticancer drugs. The increased rate of
      accumulation of [3H] daunomycin by chloroquine was more prominent in the
      resistant KB-ChR-24 cells than in the parental KB cells. Chloroquine inhibited
      the efflux of daunomycin from the resistant cells. Circumvention of multiple drug
      resistance in human KB carcinoma cells by the agents is discussed in relation to
      lysosomal function.

PMID- 3697946
TI  - The effect of different salts of saccharin on the rat urinary bladder.
AB  - Weanling male F344 rats were fed the sodium, potassium, or calcium salt of
      saccharin or acid saccharin as 5% of the diet by weight for 10 weeks. Sodium
      saccharin induced significant urinary bladder epithelial proliferation as
      determined by the labelling index following [3H]thymidine incorporation and by
      light and scanning electron microscopic evaluation. Potassium saccharin also
      significantly increased the labelling index but less than the sodium salt.
      Calcium saccharin and acid saccharin did not significantly increase the labelling
      index. Similar differences were evident by light and scanning electron
      microscopy. These differences were not due to differences in the level of
      saccharin excretion in the urine following feeding of the various salts.
      Differences in urinary pH and urinary concentration of sodium and calcium were
      observed between rats fed the various forms of saccharin.

PMID- 3697947
TI  - Increased binding of benzo[a]pyrene metabolites to lymphocytes from patients with
      lung cancer.
AB  - This study was performed to determine whether lymphocytes from individuals with
      lung cancer were more likely to bind benzo[a]pyrene (BP) metabolites in an in
      vitro test. The in vitro system consisted of peripheral blood lymphocytes
      incubated with increasing concentrations of [3H] benzo[a]pyrene in the presence
      of beta-naphthoflavone-induced rat liver microsomes and a NADPH-generating
      system. The radioactivity bound to a TCA-precipitate of the lymphocytes was
      determined. The apparent affinity (Km) and maximal binding (Vmax) of this binding
      were calculated from double reciprocal plots of the data. Seven patients with
      primary lung cancer (squamous cell carcinoma and undifferentiated small cell
      carcinoma), none of whom had smoked for at least 2 months, were studied as were
      10 lung cancer free smokers, and the results compared with 13 age- and sex
      matched controls. In lymphocytes from patients with primary lung cancer, Vmax of
      radiolabel bound to TCA-precipitable material was almost double that of non
      smoking controls (205 +/- 19.2 pmol X 2h X 10(6) cells vs. 121 +/- 10.8 pmol X 2h
      X 10(6) cells, mean +/- S.E.M., P less than 0.01). Among individuals without lung
      cancer, smokers did not differ from non-smokers. In addition, there was no
      difference in Km of radiolabel binding to lymphocytes from patients in all 3
      groups. It is concluded that binding of carcinogenic metabolites to cell
      components is increased in patients with lung cancer. Further studies are
      required to determine whether this increased binding is related to individual
      susceptibility of some smokers to lung cancer.

PMID- 3697948
TI  - Lymphocytopenia in high cancer risk population: evidence in automobile pattern
      makers.
AB  - A total of 1454 automobile pattern makers were studied to determine the degree of
      lymphocyte reduction. These occupational workers have been known to be at high
      risk for colorectal cancer. As a group, pattern makers had significantly lower
      lymphocyte counts than the comparison group. The proportion of lymphocytopenia
      (less than 1500/mm3) in pattern makers was 26.2% as compared with 5.6% in the
      comparison group. Continuous monitoring of lymphocyte reduction in pattern makers
      may be worthwhile to evaluate whether these workers face a high risk for
      deficiency in lymphocytes in association with their risk for high rates of
      colorectal cancer.

PMID- 3697949
TI  - Effects of dyes (indigo carmine, metanil yellow, fast green FCF) and nitrite in
      vivo on bone marrow chromosomes of mice.
AB  - Effects of 3 dyes in combination with nitrite were studied on bone marrow
      chromosomes of mice following prolonged oral treatment. The dyes were namely,
      Indigo Carmine and Metanil Yellow, both of which contain a secondary amino group,
      and Fast Green FCF, which has a tertiary amino group. All dyes produced
      aberrations but Metanil Yellow showed stronger clastogenic activity than Fast
      Green FCF and Indigo Carmine. Nitrite alone also induced strong clastogenic
      activity. A combination of dye and nitrite half the normal concentrations
      produced synergistic effects, which may be ascribed to the formation of
      nitrosamines.

PMID- 3697950
TI  - Photohemolysis of human erythrocytes induced by aluminum phthalocyanine
      tetrasulfonate.
AB  - The phthalocyanines are a new class of photosensitizers with promising properties
      for use in photodynamic therapy of cancer [E. Ben-Hur and I. Rosenthal (1985)
      Int. J. Radiat. Biol., 47, 145--147]. The ability of aluminum phthalocyanine
      tetrasulfonate (AlPCS) to cause membrane damage upon light exposure was tested
      using photohemolysis of human erythrocytes as an endpoint. AlPCS was found to be
      quite efficient in causing red blood cell lysis. Photohemolysis dependency on the
      light fluence had a characteristic sigmoidal shape. The light fluence required
      for 50% hemolysis was inversely proportional to AlPCS concentration. Neither
      singlet oxygen nor hydroxyl radicals appear to be involved in the photohemolysis
      induced by AlPCS. This is inferred from the observation that exposure of
      erythrocytes in the presence of D2O or glycerol did not affect the light fluence
      response curve. These data suggest that photosensitization by AlPCS can cause
      membrane damage and that this damage may be responsible for cell killing.

PMID- 3697951
TI  - Ellagic acid binding to DNA as a possible mechanism for its antimutagenic and
      anticarcinogenic action.
AB  - Ellagic acid (EA), a plant phenol, is reported to possess antimutagenic and
      anticarcinogenic activity. In the present study, explants of esophagus, trachea,
      colon, forestomach and bladder from young male Sprague-Dawley rats were incubated
      in medium containing [3H]EA (4.5 mu Ci/ml) for 24 h at 37 degrees C. DNA from
      these explants was extracted, purified and quantitated to determine [3H]EA
      binding to the DNA. Significant covalent binding of [3H]EA to DNA occurred in all
      the explants. Calf thymus DNA incubated in 0.05 M sodium phosphate buffer
      containing [3H]EA covalently bound [3H]EA in a concentration dependent manner.
      Furthermore covalent binding of [3H]EA to calf thymus DNA was inhibited by the
      addition of unlabeled EA that was concentration dependent over a range of 50-150
      microM and by the addition of unlabeled adenosine, cytidine, guanosine or
      thymidine at a concentration of 1.0 mM. These results suggest that one of the
      mechanisms by which EA inhibits mutagenesis and carcinogenesis is by forming
      adducts with DNA, thus masking binding sites to be occupied by the mutagen or
      carcinogen.

PMID- 3697952
TI  - Oral lesions, genotoxicity and nitrosamines in betel quid chewers with no obvious
      increase in oral cancer risk.
AB  - A link between the generation of areca nut-related N-nitrosamines in the saliva,
      the induction of genotoxic damage in the oral mucosa, as judged by an increase in
      micronucleated exfoliated cells (MEC), and a low incidence of oral cancer was
      studied in 2 population groups characterized by their habit of chewing quids
      without tobacco: Guamanians, who chew areca nuts (Areca catechu) with or without
      the addition of betel leaf (Piper betle); Taiwanese, who use areca nut, betel
      leaf or inference and slaked lime. The levels of N-nitrosoguvacoline (NG) in the
      saliva of chewers of fresh green areca nuts were very high (70.8 ng/ml) as
      compared to those reported for individuals using the more complex Indian betel
      quids (0.91 ng/ml or 5.6 ng/ml). None of the other areca nut-related nitrosamines
      (N-nitrosoguvacine (NGC), 3-(methylnitrosamino)propionitrile (MNPN) and 3
      (methylnitrosamino)propionaldehyde (MNPA)) were detected in the saliva of
      Taiwanese betel quid chewers. The addition of slaked lime to the areca nut
      enhances the formation of NG during a chewing session. The frequency of MEC did
      not increase in the oral mucosa of areca nut chewers who do not use slaked lime,
      but showed a small but significant elevation in individuals using lime-containing
      quids. The elevation of MEC in Taiwanese, who are at low risk for oral cancer, is
      relatively small as compared to that found in chewers of Indian betel quids
      (pan), who show a highly elevated oral cancer risk. The results seem to suggest
      that NG may play only a minor role, if any, in the etiology of oral cancer among
      betel quid chewers.

PMID- 3697953
TI  - Differences in the covalent binding of benzo[a]pyrene, safrole, 1'
      hydroxysafrole, and 4-aminobiphenyl to DNA of pregnant and non-pregnant mice.
AB  - The effects of pregnancy on the covalent binding of several carcinogens to DNA
      were investigated in mice. Non-pregnant or timed-pregnant (18th day of gestation)
      ICR mice of similar age were treated with benzo[a]pyrene (BP, 200 mumol/kg),
      safrole (600 mumol/kg), 1'-hydroxysafrole (400 mumol/kg), 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP,
      800 mumol/kg), or trioctanoin (4 ml/kg) per os. Tissue DNA adduct levels at 24 h
      after carcinogen treatment were analyzed via a 32P-postlabeling assay. Pregnancy
      lowered the binding of the ultimate carcinogenic metabolite of BP, 7 beta, 8
      alpha-dihydroxy-9 alpha, 10 alpha-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BPDE
      I), to liver and lung DNA by 29-41%, but not the binding of other metabolites.
      The binding of safrole and its proximate carcinogen, 1'-hydroxysafrole, to liver
      and kidney DNA was increased 2.3-3.5 fold. Pregnancy decreased the binding of 4
      ABP to liver DNA by approximately 18% but increased its binding to kidney DNA by
      67%. The results suggest that exposure to some genotoxic compounds, especially
      those requiring conjugation reactions for metabolic activation, may be more
      hazardous during pregnancy than in the non-pregnant state.

PMID- 3697954
TI  - Modification potentials of ethyl alcohol and acetaldehyde on development of
      preneoplastic glutathione S-transferase P-form-positive liver cell foci initiated
      by diethylnitrosamine in the rat.
AB  - The modification potentials of ethyl alcohol (EA) and acetaldehyde (AA) on
      development of immunohistochemical glutathione S-transferase (placental type)
      positive (GST-P+) liver cell foci were examined in an in vivo short-term assay
      system. Rats were given a single intraperitoneal injection of diethylnitrosamine
      (DEN) and then various concentrations of EA (20, 10, 5%) or AA (5, 2.5%) in their
      drinking water from week 2 till termination in week 6. All rats were subjected to
      two-thirds partial hepatectomy in week 3. Animals given EA (20% and 10%) or AA
      showed significant decrease in liver and body weight. However, only EA caused
      significant dose-related inhibition of development of areas of foci (mm2/cm2),
      but AA had no effect on their development.

PMID- 3697955
TI  - Effect of a high fat diet on the proliferative indices of murine colonic
      epithelium.
AB  - The present study investigated the effect of low (5%) and high (23.5%) corn oil
      diets on the cytokinetic parameters of colonic crypts. C57BL/6J mice were fed the
      designated diets for 10 or 15 weeks. In comparison to the low corn oil group, the
      high corn oil group had an increased number of labelled cells per crypt, with
      increased labelling indices and crypt heights and larger proliferative
      compartments in their colons at both time periods. The findings of the present
      study suggest that a high corn oil diet may exert an enhanced tumorigenic effect
      by altering the cell diversion parameters of the colonic crypts.

PMID- 3697956
TI  - Identification of cholesterol as a mouse skin lipid that reacts with nitrogen
      dioxide to yield a nitrosating agent, and of cholesteryl nitrite as the
      nitrosating agent produced in a chemical system from cholesterol.
AB  - The skin lipids of mice exposed to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and mouse skin lipids
      exposed in vitro to NO2 contain nitrosating agents (NSAs), that react with amines
      to produce nitrosamines. This situation represents a potential hazard of exposure
      to NO2. A principal NSA precursor in mouse skin lipids was purified by thin-layer
      and high-performance liquid chromatography. Each fraction was assayed by bubbling
      in NO2 and determining NSA. The precursor was identified as cholesterol on the
      basis of its chromatographic behavior and spectral properties. In a chemical
      system, cholesterol reacted with NO2 to give 13% yields of an NSA, which was
      identified from its spectral properties as the previously known compound,
      cholesteryl-3-beta-nitrite. These findings and the chromatographic behavior of a
      major NSA in the skin lipids of NO2-exposed mice suggested that this NSA was
      cholesteryl nitrite.

PMID- 3697957
TI  - Genotoxicity studies of benz[l]aceanthrylene.
AB  - The genotoxicity of the cyclopenta-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon,
      benz[l]aceanthrylene (B[l]A), was evaluated in vitro using the L5178Y/TK+/- mouse
      lymphoma assay and in vivo using the mouse peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL)
      culture system. The mutagenicity and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) inducing
      potential of B[l]A was then compared to that of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). B[l]A
      appeared to be slightly less mutagenic than B[a]P at the TK locus, and each
      compound produced both small and large colony mutants indicating that they are
      clastogenic as well as mutagenic. Gross chromosome aberration analysis of treated
      L5178Y/TK+/- mouse lymphoma cells confirmed the clastogenicity of B[l]A in vitro.
      In the mouse PBL system, after administration by gavage, B[l]A was more cytotoxic
      and produced a sharper elevation in SCE frequency than B[a]P.

PMID- 3697958
TI  - Pattern of endogenous lectins of a human sarcoma (Ewing's sarcoma) reveals
      differences to human normal tissues and tumors of epithelial and germ cell
      origin.
AB  - A human sarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, contains activities of endogenous lectins.
      Fractionation of salt and detergent extracts by affinity chromatography on
      columns with immobilized sugars or glycoproteins results in the pattern of
      endogenous lectins for alpha- and beta-galactosides, alpha-mannosyl- and alpha
      fucosyl-moieties. Whereas some lectins are known from normal, non-malignant human
      tissues or from a human epithelial tumor or a human germ cell tumor, a Ca2+
      independent alpha- and beta-galactoside-binding protein at apparent molecular
      weight of 58 kilodaltons has so far not been characterized from any human source.
      The patterns for the tumors and human normal tissues reveal various differences
      in comparison between each other. These differences, documented for the first
      human sarcoma, human tumors of different histogenetic lineage and normal tissues
      are a first step to a lectin-based diagnosis and therapy of certain human cancer
      types.

PMID- 3697959
TI  - Skin tumor initiating activity of therapeutic crude coal tar as compared to other
      polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in SENCAR mice.
AB  - Crude coal tar (CCT), a complex mixture rich in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
      (PAHs) including carcinogens such as benzo[a]pyrene (BP), is widely used
      therapeutically in dermatological practice, particularly in combination with
      ultraviolet radiation in the treatment of chronic dermatoses such as psoriasis.
      In this study we analyzed the tumor initiating activity of therapeutic CCT
      preparation (USP) in a two-stage model system (initiation and promotion) in
      SENCAR mice. The tumorigenicity of CCT was compared with other conventionally
      studied carcinogenic PAHs; 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), 3
      methylcholanthrene (MCA), benzo[a]pyrene 7,8-diol (BP-7,8-diol) and
      benzo[a]pyrene (BP). A single topical application of an initiating dose of CCT
      (20 microliter), DMBA (39 nmol), MCA (746 nmol), BP-7,8-diol (352 nmol) or BP
      (396 nmol) was followed by twice weekly application of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol
      13-acetate (TPA) (3.24 nmol). The first tumor appearance in the CCT treated group
      was at 6 weeks on test as compared with DMBA and MCA (3 weeks) and BP-7,8-diol
      and BP (4-5 weeks). In a total of 20 animals after 8 weeks on test the DMBA, MCA,
      BP-7,8-diol, BP and CCT groups of mice showed 457, 176, 106, 76 and 46 tumors,
      respectively. After 11 weeks 100% of the mice in each experimental group had
      developed tumors and the number of tumors/mouse was 24.3, 15.0 9.8, 6.6 and 3.3
      in the DMBA, MCA, BP-7,8-diol, BP and CCT groups, respectively. These studies
      provide first evidence that a single topical application of a therapeutic
      preparation of CCT possesses skin tumor initiating activity.

PMID- 3697960
TI  - Possible mechanism for differences in sensitivity to cis-platinum in human
      prostate tumor cell lines.
AB  - Two human prostate tumor cell lines which exhibit a 2.4-fold difference in
      sensitivity to cis-platinum (cis-Pt) were found to possess slightly different
      sulphydryl contents, and the presence of a metallothionein-like zinc-binding
      protein was demonstrated in the line exhibiting relative resistance to cis-Pt.
      Although these factors have been postulated to play a role in the mechanism(s) of
      resistance to cis-Pt in other cell types, preliminary data in this report suggest
      that differences found in drug uptake and subsequent binding to DNA are most
      likely responsible for variations in cis-Pt sensitivity displayed by these
      prostate tumor cell lines.

PMID- 3697961
TI  - Enhancing effects of carbon tetrachloride in mouse hepatocarcinogenesis.
AB  - The enhancing effects of 4 or 8 necrogenic doses of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)
      on hepatocarcinogenesis were studied in female B6C3F1 mice previously treated
      with a single dose of N-nitroso-N-diethylamine (NDEA) at 7 days of age. The CCl4
      treatments were given every other week and started either after weaning or at 18
      26 weeks of age, and the animals were observed until 36 weeks of age. The number
      and size of hepatocellular nodules were then scored and analysed. Hepatocellular
      nodules were not observed in mice receiving either 4 or 8 CCl4 treatments without
      NDEA initiation. Both 4 and 8 CCl4 treatments promoted NDEA-initiated
      hepatocarcinogenesis, increasing nodule size but not nodule frequency. Eight CCl4
      doses were more effective than 4 and gave the greatest increase in nodule size
      when administered from 18 to 32 weeks of age. In an additional experiment, 3 mice
      bearing hepatocellular nodules induced by a single infantile NDEA treatment were
      administered CCl4 once and killed 52 h later. Nine neoplastic nodules were
      examined and found to be resistant to the CCl4 induced necrosis, although cells
      in the nodules were actively dividing at the same rate as in the regenerating
      surrounding normal liver parenchyma. The ability of a few necrogenic CCl4 doses
      to enhance hepatocarcinogenesis may be related to a differential cytotoxicity on
      neoplastic and normal hepatocytes and to a similar mitogenic stimulus on both
      cell types.

PMID- 3697962
TI  - Undifferentiated sarcomas induced in Syrian hamsters by subcutaneous injection of
      diethylstilbestrol.
AB  - The carcinogenic effects of weekly subcutaneous injections of dimethylnitrosamine
      (NDMA: 0.05 of the LD50) and diethylstilbestrol (DES: 1.5 mg/kg body wt) or a
      combination of both carcinogens were studied in 64 Syrian hamsters. There was no
      additional tumorigenic effect on NDMA-induced liver tumours in hamsters which
      received DES treatment prior to NDMA treatment. In contrast to the previously
      reported DES effects, 72% of the DES-treated hamsters unexpectedly developed
      undifferentiated sarcomas around the interscapular injection site. This finding
      suggests a local carcinogenicity of DES, which might not be related to its
      hormonal effects.

PMID- 3697963
TI  - The effect of the trichothecene mycotoxin diacetoxyscirpenol on nitrosamine
      induced esophageal cancer in the rat.
AB  - The fact that the only chemicals known to be potent carcinogens for the esophagus
      in animals are certain nitrosamines suggests that these environmental carcinogens
      could be a cause of human esophageal cancer. Epidemiological investigations
      support this concept. The level of exposure alone is not considered sufficient to
      account for the very high incidence of the disease in certain regions, but
      potentiating factors have been shown to have a dramatic effect on nitrosamine
      induced esophageal cancer in animal experiments. A likely enhancing factor is
      consumption of food contaminated by molds, especially by Fusaria spp, a group
      known to produce trichothecene mycotoxins. The effect of simultaneous treatment
      with diacetoxyscirpenol (DS) on methyl-benzyl-nitrosamine (NMBzA)-induced
      esophageal cancer was studied. Feeding a diet containing DS at 10 ppm for 10
      weeks caused thickening of the basal cell layer of the esophageal epithelium, but
      feeding DS (10 ppm) simultaneously with NMBzA (4, 8, 16 ppm) for 10 weeks, or
      feeding a lower dose of DS with NMBzA for a longer period, or administration of
      DS per os at intervals during NMBzA treatment, did not potentiate but possibly
      reduced esophageal tumors. Toxicity, revealed by reduced growth rate of DS-fed
      animals, may have inhibited carcinogenesis. In contrast to the rapid potentiating
      effect of zinc deficiency, DS does not appear to cause an early enhancement of
      esophageal cancer.

PMID- 3697964
TI  - Aldehyde dehydrogenase as a marker for chemically initiated mouse liver tumors.
AB  - The induction of an aldehyde dehydrogenase isozyme (B-ALDH), which uses aromatic
      aldehydes such as benzaldehyde as substrate and NADP as a cofactor was examined
      in normal liver and tumors of B6C3F1 male mice. The tumors were induced by either
      15 or 45 ppm diethylnitrosamine (DENA) in the drinking water for 4 weeks. In some
      cases, the DENA treatment was followed with 500 ppm phenobarbital (PB) in the
      drinking water. DENA increased the percent of the mice that showed B-ALDH
      activity in their livers 14 weeks after termination of DENA treatment. The B-ALDH
      activity was confined mainly in the centrilobular region. Fifty weeks after the
      termination of the DENA treatment the percent of animals with B-ALDH in their
      livers was not different from control mice. However, a larger number of the
      tumors exhibited B-ALDH activity. These studies show that B-ALDH is a good
      histochemical marker for mouse liver tumors and may be useful as a marker for the
      effect of chemical carcinogens in this species.

PMID- 3697965
TI  - Production of nitrosamines from ephedrine, pseudoephedrine and extracts of
      Ephedra foliata under physiological conditions.
AB  - N-Nitrosoephedrine (NEP) and N-nitrosopseudoephedrine (NPEP) were synthesised at
      5 degrees C using different concentrations of various acids. The reaction with
      acetic acid gave the highest yield (85%) of N-nitrosamine. Ephedrine and
      pseudoephedrine were reacted with nitrite under physiological conditions (37
      degrees C, pH 1-3) to form NEP and NPEP. The yield of NEP, which is a known
      carcinogen, and NPEP were the highest (18.5%) at pH 2. Aqueous and alcoholic
      extracts of Ephedra foliata (100 g dry wt), nitrosated under physiological
      conditions, produced 0.77 mg and 8.3 mg, respectively, as total nitrosamines.
      This indicated the potential of the nitrosamine formation from the plant extracts
      specified.

PMID- 3697966
TI  - Intracavitary chemotherapy with activated cyclophosphamides and simultaneous
      systemic detoxification with protector thiols in Sarcoma 180 ascites tumor.
AB  - Activated cyclophosphamides such as 4-sulfoethylthiocyclophosphamide
      (mafosfamide) are suitable for a local intracavitary chemotherapy, whereas
      cyclophosphamide requires a metabolic activation. Mafosfamide administered i.p.
      in mice was less toxic (50% lethal dose, 640 mg/kg) than its i.v. application
      (50% lethal dose, 480 mg/kg). A further remarkable reduction of toxicity with an
      increase of the 50% lethal dose of mafosfamide to 1500 mg/kg was obtained by the
      simultaneous i.v. application of the protector thiol cysteine
      (mafosfamide:cysteine ratio, 1:5 on molar weight basis). In comparison with the
      i.v. injection of mafosfamide, the local i.p. application resulted in a 20 times
      higher concentration versus time product of peritoneal drug levels. The molar
      ratio of sulfhydryl groups to activated cyclophosphamide (resorbed from the
      peritoneal cavity) remained high in blood. Therapy studies on Sarcoma 180 ascites
      tumor of mice revealed that the coadministration of cysteine i.v. in mafosfamide
      i.p. treatment is superior to mafosfamide i.p. application alone. On the
      contrary, the simultaneous i.p. application of cysteine is accompanied by a loss
      of antitumor efficacy. The regimen of local i.p. chemotherapy with activated
      cyclophosphamide and simultaneous systemic detoxification by an appropriate thiol
      allows the reduction of the systemic toxicity of treatment without influence on
      the cancerotoxic activity at the site of local injection and the exposing of the
      intraabdominal tumor to a much higher concentration of the cytostatic agent.

PMID- 3697967
TI  - Increased chemotaxis of leukocytes from mice bearing tumors.
AB  - Increased chemotaxis toward activated serum was demonstrated by leukocytes from
      bone marrow, spleen, and peripheral blood of tumor-bearing mice as compared with
      those of normal mice. Increased chemotaxis was correlated with duration of tumor
      growth, which, in turn, was correlated with size of tumor. Upon surgical tumor
      removal, chemotaxis fell to normal levels unless metastasis had occurred, in
      which case, the extent of chemotaxis was correlated with the volume of the
      metastasis. Increased chemotaxis was seen in relation to the growth of a mammary
      adenocarcinoma as well as that of a chemically induced fibrosarcoma. The major
      chemotactant in serum was shown to be complement derived, and sera from tumor
      bearing and normal animals were equally effective. The presence of a tumor
      resulted in an increase in the percentage of polymorphonuclear cells in the bone
      marrow. The numbers of cells which migrated were independent of the cellular
      composition of the bone marrow in normal mice. In contrast, a negative
      correlation was found between the percentage of lymphocytes present and the
      number of bone marrow cells which migrated toward activated serum when the cells
      originated in a tumor-bearing mouse. The data suggested the increased chemotaxis
      was a property of the cells rather than the soluble substances in the serum.

PMID- 3697968
TI  - Localization and photosensitization of murine tumors in vivo and in vitro by a
      chlorin-porphyrin ester.
AB  - Preparation of the tumor-localizing preparation called hematoporphyrin derivative
      involves a two-step reaction wherein hematoporphyrin is acetylated and the
      reaction product subjected to alkaline hydrolysis. We have proposed that the
      tumor-localizing fraction of this product is composed of hematoporphyrin units
      joined by ester linkages. Using an analogous synthetic procedure, we prepared
      some new sensitizers in which hematoporphyrin is esterified to chlorins (reduced
      porphyrins). Because of the differences in absorption spectra, the porphyrin
      chlorin esters are 5-fold more potent photosensitizers than are the porphyrin
      porphyrin esters, with light of wavelength greater than 600 nm.

PMID- 3697969
TI  - Carcinogenic effects of sequential administration of two nitrosamines in Fischer
      344 rats.
AB  - The carcinogenic effects of sequential treatment of female F344 rats with two
      nitrosamines were studied. The animals received either methylethylnitrosamine
      (NMEA), a strong liver carcinogen, N-nitrosomethylaniline (NMA), a moderately
      strong esophageal carcinogen, or N-nitrosopyrrolidine, (NPyr), a weaker liver
      carcinogen. The sequentially treated groups were given NMEA followed by NMA and
      vice versa, NPyr followed by NMEA and vice versa. The dose and duration for each
      chemical in the sequentially treated groups were identical for the individual
      treatments. The animals were allowed to die or were killed when moribund. The
      animals surviving longer than 110 weeks were sacrificed. The NMEA-NPyr and NPyr
      NMEA groups had a tumor spectrum characteristic for NMEA alone (a mixture of
      hepatic carcinomas and sarcomas with extensive metastases to the lungs). The
      survival was reduced in the NMEA-NPyr group compared to the NMEA alone group. The
      time to death of the NMA-NMEA group was not affected by the NMA treatment, but
      many of the animals had esophageal neoplasms. The NMEA-NMA group survival was
      reduced when compared to the NMEA alone group but the tumor spectrum was
      dominated by NMEA. The data indicate that when the target organ is the same, the
      effect of two nitrosamines is additive with the stronger carcinogen dominating
      the tumor spectrum. When the target organs are different, the initial exposure
      influences the tumor spectrum, although the treatment with the second nitrosamine
      enhances the tumorigenicity of the initial nitrosamine.

PMID- 3697970
TI  - Tumorigenicity of optical isomers of the diastereomeric bay-region 3,4-diol-1,2
      epoxides of benzo(c)phenanthrene in murine tumor models.
AB  - Tumorigenic activities of the (+)- and (-)-enantiomers of the diastereomeric, bay
      region benzo(c)phenanthrene 3,4-diol-1,2-epoxides were evaluated in two mouse
      tumor models. In an initiation-promotion experiment on mouse skin, a single
      topical application of 10, 25, or 75 nmol of the compounds was followed by 20
      weeks of promotion with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Of the four optical
      isomers of the bay-region diol epoxides, (-)-(R,2S,3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-1,2-epoxy
      1,2,3,4-tetrahydrogenzo(c )phenanthrene [(-)-diol epoxide-2] and (+)
      (1R,2S,3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-1,2-epoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo(c) -phenanthrene
      [(+)-diol epoxide-1] had equally high tumor-initiating activity while (+)
      [1S,2R,3R,4S]-3,4-dihydroxy-1,2-epoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo (c)phenanthrene
      [(+)-diol epoxide-2] had less than one-half of the activity of (-)-diol epoxide-2
      and (+)-diol epoxide-1. (-)-(1S,2R,3S,4R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-1,2-epoxy-1,2,3,4
      tetrahydrobenzo(c) -phenanthrene [(-)-diol epoxide-1] was inactive at the doses
      tested. In newborn mice, (-)-diol epoxide-2 was almost 10-fold more active in
      producing lung tumors (average number of lung tumors/mouse) than the next most
      active compound, (+)-diol epoxide-2, at a total dose of 10 nmol. The enantiomers
      of diol epoxide-1 were inactive at this dose. When the total dose of each optical
      isomer was increased to 50 nmol, (-)-diol epoxide-1 was still inactive, and (+)
      diol epoxide-1 produced a significant number of lung tumors (0.9 lung
      tumor/mouse), but this isomer still had less than 10% of the activity of the (+)-
      and (-)-diol epoxide-2 isomers. (-)-Diol epoxide-2, but none of the other optical
      isomers, also produced a significant incidence of hepatic tumors at the higher
      dose, and this compound was found to be the most tumorigenic bay-region diol
      epoxide ever tested in newborn mice. Racemic diol epoxide-1 had approximately 1%
      of the tumorigenic activity of racemic diol epoxide-2 in newborn mice, but both
      racemates had equal tumor-initiating activity on mouse skin. These results
      dramatically illustrate the complexities involved in ranking the relative
      tumorigenic activities of compounds in different tumor models.

PMID- 3697971
TI  - Inhibitory effect of dietary selenium on carcinogenesis in rat glandular stomach
      induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine.
AB  - The influence of dietary selenium on the incidence of stomach carcinoma induced
      by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine was studied in 108 rats that survived for
      over 10 wk. The incidence of glandular stomach cancer in the high-selenium (4.0
      ppm) diet group (20 carcinomas in 54 rats) was lower than in the low-selenium
      (0.1 ppm) diet group (33 carcinomas in 54 rats). The selenium level and
      glutathione peroxidase activity in the blood, liver, and stomach mucosa were
      significantly higher in the high-selenium diet group than in the low-selenium
      diet group. Glutathione peroxidase activity as well as the concentration of
      selenium in the glandular stomach was increased significantly in the high
      selenium diet group.

PMID- 3697972
TI  - Control of cell proliferation: evidence for negative control on estrogen
      sensitive T47D human breast cancer cells.
AB  - The human breast tumor cloned cell lines T47D-A8 and All are estrogen dependent
      for cell proliferation in the nude mouse model. In contrast, these cells
      multiplied at similar rates when grown in serum-free cultures, regardless of the
      presence of 17 beta-estradiol (3 X 10(-11) to 3 X 10(-8) M estradiol). Addition
      of 10% charcoal-dextran stripped human female serum to the culture medium
      resulted in a marked inhibition of cell proliferation. The addition of 3 X 10(
      11) M estradiol overcame the inhibitory effect of serum. Similar results were
      obtained with the human breast tumor C7MCF7 cell line. Both cell lines contain
      similar estrophilin levels. The Kd of the estrophilin-estradiol complex was 0.39
      X 10(-10) M for C7MCF7 cells and 4.4 X 10(-10) M for T47D-A11 cells. Maximal cell
      yields were achieved at 5 X 10(-12) M free estradiol levels in 10% charcoal
      dextran stripped serum supplemented medium. These data are compatible with the
      following interpretation: (a) estradiol-sensitive cells are inhibited from
      proliferating by a serum-borne factor; and (b) estradiol neutralizes this
      inhibitory effect. This mechanism seems not to be mediated by estradiol binding
      to the cellular estrophilins because (a) the free estradiol levels needed for
      maximal response are significantly lower than the estrophilin Kds, and (b)
      maximal proliferation rates occur at similar estradiol concentrations for these
      three cell lines, regardless of the binding properties of their estrophilins.

PMID- 3697973
TI  - Endocrine-responsive pancreatic carcinoma: steroid binding and cytotoxicity
      studies in human tumor cell lines.
AB  - We have begun to investigate the steroid responsiveness of pancreatic cancer by
      comparing human (MiaPaCa, Colo-357, RWP-1, RWP-2) and rodent (AR42j) pancreatic
      tumor cell lines with cultured estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells
      (MCF-7, T47-D). The four human pancreatic tumors contain measurable levels of
      specific estradiol binding sites with dissociation constants (Kd) that range from
      1 to 9 nM, in contrast to the higher-affinity binding sites measured in the
      breast cancer cells (Kd less than or equal to 1 nM). Growth of one pancreatic
      tumor line (MiaPaCa) is stimulated 40% above control by exposure to nanomolar
      concentrations of estradiol, suggesting that the estrogen receptor in these cells
      is functioning like that in MCF-7 and T47-D cells. Glucocorticoids
      (dexamethasone, hydrocortisone) and androgen (fluoxymesterone) stimulate
      proliferation of Colo-357 cells by as much as 30%. Paradoxically, glucocorticoids
      inhibit AR42j cells to less than 50% of control growth. Micromolar exposures of
      estrogen (17 beta-estradiol), antiestrogen (tamoxifen), antiandrogen
      (dehydroxyflutamide), progestins (progesterone, R5020, medroxyprogesterone
      acetate), and inhibitors of steroid-metabolizing enzymes (17 beta-N,N
      diethylcarbamyl-4-methyl-4-aza-5 alpha-androstan-3-one, danazol) impair growth of
      these pancreatic tumors to varying degrees, and with little relationship to
      estrogen receptor content. In general, progestins are slightly more growth
      inhibiting to these pancreatic tumor lines than the other endocrine agents
      tested, including tamoxifen. Only the RWP-2 cells appear completely resistant to
      steroidal therapy, showing less than 25% growth inhibition with exposure to
      therapeutic concentrations (less than or equal to 2.5 microM) of these agents.
      Colo-357, MiaPaCa, and AR42j cells are most responsive to these endocrine agents,
      and their overall pattern of sensitivity suggests that the steroid-dependent
      growth-inhibitory mechanisms of some pancreatic carcinomas may involve both
      receptor antagonism and direct inhibition of steroidal oxidoreductases. 17 beta
      N,N-Diethylcarbamyl-4-methyl-4-aza-5 alpha-androstan-3-one, a potent inhibitor of
      5 alpha-reductase with minimal affinity for androgen receptor, inhibits growth of
      Colo-357 cells to less than 40% of control and also inhibits AR42j and MiaPaCa
      cells. Dehydroxyflutamide, a potent androgen receptor antagonist with no direct
      influence on 5 alpha-reductase activity, inhibits growth of MiaPaCa and AR42j
      cells but has no affect on Colo-357 growth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3697974
TI  - Induction of plasminogen activator by alkylating agents in a repair defective
      human glioblastoma cell strain.
AB  - Alkylating agents, mechlorethamine and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine,
      induce the production of plasminogen activator in U-87MG cells, an alkylation DNA
      repair deficient (Mer-) human glioblastoma strain. Enzyme induction was not
      observed, however, in U-178MG and SH-101 cells, alkylation repair proficient
      (Mer+) glioblastoma strains, or in HeLa cells, which reactivated and supported
      well the growth of alkylation damaged adenovirus 3. In the alkylation repair
      defective U-87MG strain, enhanced production of plasminogen activator occurred in
      a narrow concentration range of treatment with either alkylating agent, causing a
      20 to 50% inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation. Maximum plasminogen
      activator induction was observed between 32 and 48 h after alkylation treatment
      and the levels of enzyme produced were 5 to 10 times those of untreated control
      levels. This alkylation dependent enzyme induction required protein synthesis for
      it did not occur in the presence of cycloheximide. It was hence concluded that
      plasminogen activator induction in alkylation repair deficient human cells is
      caused by unrepaired DNA damage and that it may represent an eukaryotic SOS-like
      function. In addition, plasminogen activator induction may be useful as a
      sensitive assay for the identification of alkylation repair defective human
      tumors for which the susceptibility to alkylation chemotherapy should be expected
      to increase.

PMID- 3697976
TI  - Comparative pharmacokinetics of free doxorubicin and doxorubicin entrapped in
      cardiolipin liposomes.
AB  - The comparative pharmacokinetics of free doxorubicin and doxorubicin entrapped in
      cardiolipin liposomes was evaluated in rats at a dose of 6 mg/kg i.v. Doxorubicin
      was entrapped in cardiolipin liposomes by using 11.2 mumol of drug, 5.6 mumol of
      cardiolipin, 28.5 mumol of phosphatidylcholine, 19.5 mumol of cholesterol, and
      11.1 mumol of stearylamine. The peak plasma concentration with free doxorubicin
      at 5 min was 1.7 micrograms/ml which was reduced to 0.3 micrograms/ml by 1 h.
      With cardiolipin liposomes, the peak plasma concentration of doxorubicin achieved
      at 5 min was 20.9 micrograms/ml. The plasma levels of doxorubicin decreased
      gradually and by 1 h the drug concentration in plasma was 10 micrograms/ml. The
      plasma levels of free doxorubicin and doxorubicin entrapped in liposomes were
      fitted to a 3-compartment computer model. The terminal half-life with free
      doxorubicin in plasma was 17.3 h whereas it was 69.3 h with drug entrapped in
      liposomes. The area under the plasma concentration curve with liposomal
      doxorubicin was 81.4 micrograms X h X ml-1 compared to 1.95 micrograms X h X ml-1
      observed with free doxorubicin. The steady state volume of distribution with free
      doxorubicin was about 23-fold higher than liposomal doxorubicin. The terminal
      half-life with free doxorubicin in cardiac tissue was 17.9 h compared to 12.6 h
      with drug encapsulated in liposomes. The terminal half-lives in liver and spleen
      following administration of liposomal doxorubicin were 15- and 2.3-fold higher,
      respectively, compared to free drug; furthermore, the concentration X time values
      of liposomal doxorubicin in liver were 26-fold higher and in spleen 6-fold higher
      than the free drug. Free doxorubicin and doxorubicin entrapped in liposomes
      demonstrated 17 and 20% excretion in bile of the injected dose, respectively, in
      rats. The present studies demonstrate that liposomal encapsulation of doxorubicin
      significantly alters its pharmacokinetics in plasma and tissues compared to free
      drug.

PMID- 3697975
TI  - Determination of sensitivity of fresh leukemia cells to immunotoxins.
AB  - In clinical practice, sensitivity of malignant cells to a given immunotoxin
      remains hypothetical, since standard test systems such as the protein synthesis
      inhibition assay or the cloning assay are not appropriate. This study evaluated
      the feasibility of a semi-routine procedure based on dye exclusion assay
      enumerating the percentage of living cells after fluorescein diacetate-propidium
      iodide staining. The validity of the method was evaluated using five different
      subclones derived from the CEM cell line, which expressed a wide range of
      sensitivity to T101 A-chain immunotoxin. The comparison between dye exclusion
      assay and standard test systems suggested that this method might allow an easy
      and reproducible semi-quantitative evaluation of the sensitivity of leukemia
      cells. In a series of 21 patients suffering from various blood diseases in which
      the malignant cells expressed the T65 antigen, dye exclusion assay could detect
      clear T101 immunotoxin cell sensitivity in about 50% of the cases. The mean
      density of T65 antigen on malignant cells was found to influence dramatically the
      sensitivity of target cells to T101 immunotoxin.

PMID- 3697977
TI  - Cell cycle-dependent cytotoxicity of alkylating agents: determination of nitrogen
      mustard-induced DNA cross-links and their repair in Chinese hamster ovary cells
      synchronized by centrifugal elutriation.
AB  - Chinese hamster ovary cells were synchronized into the different phases of the
      cell cycle by centrifugal elutriation and treated with nitrogen mustard (HN2) in
      order to investigate the role of DNA damage and repair processes in the cell
      cycle-dependent cytotoxicity of this alkylating antitumor agent. In agreement
      with previous studies, cell populations enriched in G1 were the most sensitive to
      HN2, and those enriched in late S phase-G2 were more resistant, as determined by
      clonogenic assay. Although the variation in surviving fraction through the cell
      cycle in response to a single dose (3 micrograms/ml; 1.0 h) of HN2 was as great
      as a factor of 10, complete dose-response curves generated for the most sensitive
      and most resistant elutriator fractions indicated that such changes could be
      accounted for by a ratio of D0 values of only 1.4 Cells synchronized by this same
      method were also analyzed for their relative levels of HN2-induced DNA cross
      linking using the sensitive technique of alkaline elution. There was no
      significant difference in the levels of either DNA interstrand or DNA-protein
      cross-links induced in the two elutriator fractions described above immediately
      after the HN2 treatment. When the amount of DNA cross-linking in the two
      fractions was measured 6 h after treatment, considerable repair had occurred;
      however, there was no measurable difference in the rate of repair of either type
      of cross-link (i.e., DNA interstrand and DNA-protein) in the different phases.
      Differences in DNA damage and repair processes could not therefore be resolved
      within the confidence limits of available assays and probably cannot account for
      the differential cytotoxicity of HN2 towards cells in the different cell cycle
      phases.

PMID- 3697978
TI  - Role of spontaneous transformation in carcinogenesis: development of
      preneoplastic rat tracheal epithelial cells at a constant rate.
AB  - The rate of spontaneous transformation of normal rat tracheal epithelial (RTE)
      cells to preneoplastic enhanced growth (EG) variants was estimated in serum-free
      culture. Spontaneous transformation of RTE cells has previously been observed,
      but an accurate estimation of the rate of change has not been possible due to the
      use of serum and feeder cells in the cultures which prevents both unlimited RTE
      cell proliferation and an accurate determination of the number of cells at risk.
      RTE cells were plated in serum-free medium and were switched to serum-containing
      medium at various times during the first 23 days of culture. In serum-containing
      medium, normal RTE cells cease proliferation, while EG variants continue to
      proliferate. The fraction of RTE cell colonies which developed into EG variants
      increased with time to a maximum of 15% when selection was imposed 5 to 23 days
      after plating. The number of cells per culture also increased during the same
      time, suggesting a role for cell proliferation in the spontaneous generation of
      EG variants. In contrast to the time-dependent increases in cell number and the
      frequency of EG variants, the rate of development of spontaneous EG variants
      remained constant with time and was estimated to be 7.5 +/- 4.1 X 10(6)
      variants/cell generation. The rate of spontaneous preneoplastic transformation of
      normal epithelial cells reported here, the rates of spontaneous progression of
      preneoplastic and neoplastic cells reported elsewhere, and the association
      between cell proliferation in vivo and increased cancer risk are consistent with
      the hypothesis that spontaneous changes play a role in the multistep progression
      of cells to cancer.

PMID- 3697979
TI  - Double elution analysis of cross-link formation and repair in cycling and
      noncycling 9L spheroid cells.
AB  - We developed the double elution analysis technique, a modification of standard
      alkaline elution techniques, to assess cross-link formation and repair in the
      cycling and noncycling cell populations of multicellular spheroids. DNA cross
      linking from cycling cells was measured using radioisotope incorporation; DNA
      cross-linking from the total cell population was estimated using a fluorometric
      method. Cross-link formation in the noncycling spheroid cells was calculated from
      these DNA measurements and the percentage of cycling cells as determined by
      autoradiography. The isotopic and fluorometric assays yielded equivalent elution
      profiles in cells irradiated with an X-ray dose of 6 Gy, and DNA interstrand
      cross-link formation by nitrogen mustard was equivalent in the cycling and the
      total cell population. The rate of cross-link removal appeared to be faster,
      however, in the cycling cell population. Double elution analysis should be
      applicable for the investigation of a variety of antineoplastic drugs that
      produce cross-links and for measuring damage to cycling and noncycling cell
      populations in tumors from experimental animals, as well as in multicellular
      spheroid tumor models.

PMID- 3697980
TI  - Sequential alterations in growth control and cell dynamics of rat hepatocytes in
      early precancerous steps in hepatocarcinogenesis.
AB  - This set of experiments is the second of a series designed to explore alterations
      in cell dynamics and growth control of new populations of hepatocytes that appear
      to play a role in the carcinogenic process induced in the liver by chemical
      carcinogens. This is part of an ongoing study of the biochemical and molecular
      basis for cancer development. A rat model for hepatocarcinogenesis, the resistant
      hepatocyte model, was chosen with its synchrony of several steps in the process.
      Carcinogenesis was initiated by the administration of a single necrogenic dose of
      diethylnitrosamine. Resistant hepatocytes so induced were stimulated to
      proliferate rapidly to form nodules by a mitogenic stimulus in the presence of a
      brief exposure to dietary 2-acetylaminofluorene sufficient to inhibit the
      proliferation of the majority of uninitiated hepatocytes, the nonresistant
      population. A small subset of these hepatocyte nodules, the persistent nodules,
      was examined at 2, 4, and 6 mo postinitiation. Duration of phases of the cell
      cycle, growth fraction, doubling time, cell death, and cell loss and the
      responses and subsequent recovery after the application of a strong mitogenic
      stimulus, partial hepatectomy, were measured. The first precancerous hepatocyte
      nodule, at 2 mo, showed a "normal" duration of phases of the cell cycle. The
      growth fractions were about 4,4, and 8% at 2, 4, and 6 mo, respectively, as
      compared to 0.4% in the surrounding hepatocytes. Accompanying the increased
      growth fractions were considerable levels of cell loss, measuring about 3% at 2
      mo and 7% at 6 mo. At 6 mo, the hepatocyte nodule population, unlike the
      hepatocytes in the surrounding liver, shows a failure to return to its base-line
      level after stimulation of cell proliferation by partial hepatectomy. The results
      of this study have identified two new steps in the early precancerous phase of
      hepatocarcinogenesis relating to alterations in the control of cell proliferation
      and are consistent with the hypothesis that new and evolving cell populations may
      play an important role in the step-by-step carcinogenic process. These new
      populations appear to acquire alterations in growth control in a seriatim
      fashion, with retention of some "normal" properties.

PMID- 3697981
TI  - Binding characteristics and biological activity of 17 alpha-[125I]iodovinyl-11
      beta-methoxyestradiol, an estrogen receptor-binding radiopharmaceutical, in human
      breast cancer cells (MCF-7).
AB  - 17 alpha-[125I]Iodovinyl-11 beta-methoxyestradiol ([125I]MIVE2), a gamma-emitting
      analogue of estradiol, previously shown to bind to rat uterine estradiol
      receptor, was studied to determine the binding characteristics and biological
      activity in human breast cancer cells. In vitro determination of receptor binding
      by dextran-coated charcoal assays indicates that [125I]-MIVE2 binds specifically
      and with a high affinity to cytosolic estrogen receptors in the human breast
      cancer cell line, MCF-7. [3H]Estradiol binds to the receptor with approximately
      four times the affinity of [125I]-MIVE2 (Kd = 2.55 X 10(-9) M for [125I]MIVE2; Kd
      = 6.4 X 10(-10) M for [3H]estradiol). Unlabeled MIVE2 produces estrogenic effects
      similar to those of estradiol such as progesterone receptor induction and
      increases in thymidine incorporation in MCF-7 cells in culture. Cytosolic
      progesterone receptor levels were elevated 2.8-fold over control levels by 6 X
      10(-9) M MIVE2. Stimulation of thymidine incorporation (approximately 300% above
      control levels) was observed after exposure to 1 X 10(-9) M MIVE2. Preliminary
      data show receptor-mediated uptake by the uterus in biodistribution studies in
      athymic nude mice given injections of [125I] MIVE2 (32-34 microCi). At 4 h,
      uterus:blood ratios are 20.5 and target tissue:nontarget tissue ratios are 12.9.
      In light of the fact that this compound can be prepared with a high specific
      activity, [125I]MIVE2 may have potential as a radiotracer for imaging estrogen
      receptor-positive breast tumors or metastatic lesions in human breast cancer
      patients.

PMID- 3697982
TI  - Assessment of radiogenic cancer initiation frequency per clonogenic rat mammary
      cell in vivo.
AB  - Radiogenic initiation of mammary cancer is here shown to be a common cellular
      event. With the aid of a rat mammary clonogen transplant system designed to
      maximize progression of initiated cells to overt neoplasia, the estimated
      absolute cancer risk per surviving 7 Gy-irradiated mammary clonogen was [4.1 +/-
      1.2 (SE)] X 10(-3), that is (5.8 +/- 1.7) X 10(-4) initiated cells per clonogen
      Gy. To maximize neoplastic progression, all clonogen graft recipient rats were
      glucocorticoid deficient (adrenalectomized with minimal mineralocorticoid
      replacement) and hyperprolactinemic (implanted intrasplenically with pituitary
      tissue and an estrone capsule). Each rat was grafted with 4 X 10(6)
      "morphologically intact" monodispersed mammary cells in the interscapular white
      fat pad. Group A received cells which had been irradiated 1 day earlier with 7 Gy
      137Cs gamma-rays. Groups B and C received unirradiated mammary cells. On day 35
      after transplantation, the graft sites of group B were locally exposed to 7 Gy
      140 kVp X-rays. Kaplan-Meier estimates (11) of the survivor functions were used
      to calculate the final tumor incidences corrected for intercurrent animal loss.
      Estimated mammary carcinoma frequencies so calculated were 65 tumors/131 graft
      sites in group A, 93/119 in group B, and 13/129 in group C. The relative cancer
      risks per rat due to the radiation exposure of the grafted cells were 5.0 for
      group A and 7.8 for group B. These data on neoplasia incidence in grafted mammary
      clonogens and data on autologous neoplasia in the host rat mammary glands were
      subjected to statistical analysis. The results indicate that both neoplasm
      frequency and latency are in large part dependent on initiation target cell
      number. The high frequency of radiogenic initiation per mammary clonogen observed
      in this study is in accord with findings with a similar thyroid clonogen
      transplant system.

PMID- 3697984
TI  - Effect of a new retinoidal benzoic acid derivative on normal human hematopoietic
      progenitor cell growth in vitro.
AB  - 13-cis-Retinoic acid (RA) has been demonstrated to alter hemopoiesis in vitro. We
      compared proliferation and differentiation effects of RA to a synthetic retinoid,
      (E)-4-[2-(5,6,7, 8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl-1
      propenyl]benzoic acid (TTNPB), on human normal bone marrow cells. TTNPB
      stimulated the in vitro growth of erythroid-granulocyte-macrophage progenitors
      and erythroid progenitors. Dose-response curves showed that maximal increments of
      erythroid-granulocyte-macrophage progenitor growth [173 +/- 17% (SE)] and
      erythroid progenitor growth [210 +/- 40%] occurred with TTNPB at 10(-9) M. With
      RA, there was maximal increment (173 +/- 21%) for erythroid progenitors only, and
      that at 10(-8) M. Evaluating clonogenicity of marrow cells in the presence of the
      two retinoic acid derivatives demonstrated that TTNPB and RA enhanced myeloid
      colony (CFU-C) growth; maximal stimulation occurred at 10(-6) M (130 +/- 8% and
      161 +/- 5% increment for TTNPB and RA, respectively). The two retinoic acid
      analogues did not alter the differentiation pattern of myeloid colonies
      (macrophage colonies, granulocytic colonies, or granulocyte-macrophage colonies).
      Replating studies showed that the formation of secondary hemopoietic colonies was
      not altered following incubation of hemopoietic progenitors with TTNPB or RA.
      These data demonstrate that TTNPB is more active than RA in stimulating the
      growth of hemopoietic progenitors from normal marrows. Such findings may have
      therapeutic implications for various hemopoietic disorders.

PMID- 3697983
TI  - Effect of cell cycle position on the survival of 9L cells treated with
      nitrosoureas that alkylate, cross-link, and carbamoylate.
AB  - The relationship between cell cycle position and cytotoxicity was studied in 9L
      rat brain tumor cells treated with nitrosoureas that, depending on their
      structures, can alkylate or alkylate and cross-link DNA and/or carbamoylate
      biomolecules. Because pure populations of G1-, S-, and G2-M-phase cells could not
      be obtained with the centrifugal elutriation methods used, drug sensitivity of
      cells in each phase of the cell cycle was estimated using a mathematical model
      that accounts for variation in enrichment of elutriated fractions. 1,3-Bis(2
      chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea, 1-(2
      chloroethyl)-3-(trans-4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(2,6
      dioxo-3-piperidyl)-1-nitrosourea, which alkylate and cross-link DNA and
      carbamoylate biomolecules, and 2-[3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido]-D
      glucopyranose (chlorozotocin), which alkylates and cross-links DNA but cannot
      carbamoylate biomolecules, killed more cells in G1 and G2-M phases than in S
      phase. N-Ethylnitrosourea, which alkylates and carbamoylates but does not form
      DNA interstrand cross-links, was more toxic to cells in S phase than in other
      phases. Cell kill caused by N,N'-bis(trans-4-hydroxycyclohexyl)-N-nitrosourea, a
      compound that carbamoylates only, increased progressively through the cell cycle
      from G1 to M. Nitrosoureas that cross-link DNA were more cytotoxic than
      nitrosoureas that do not cross-link DNA, although the latter had phase
      specificity. The results suggest that the increased sensitivity of G1- and G2-M
      phase cells to chloroethylnitrosoureas is related to the formation of DNA
      interstrand cross-links.

PMID- 3697985
TI  - Interaction of rat ascites hepatoma cells with cultured mesothelial cell layers:
      a model for tumor invasion.
AB  - Interactions of rat ascites hepatoma cells with primary cultured layers of rat
      mesentery-derived cells were studied. The mesentery-derived cells were isolated
      from rat mesentery and cultured in Eagle's minimum essential medium with a 2-fold
      concentration of amino acids and vitamins supplemented with 10% calf serum. The
      primary cultured cells, consisting mainly of mesothelial cells in polygonal
      shape, forms a "paving stone" sheet. Upon seeding the tumor cells on the
      mesentery-derived cell layers, three different types of tumor cell growth were
      observed. Type 1 was the formation of piled-up tumor cell nests on mesothelial
      cell layers. Type 2 was the formation of flattened tumor cell islands underneath
      mesothelial cell layers. This island formation was clearly observed under a phase
      contrast microscope 2 days after the tumor cell seeding. Protrusion of cellular
      processes of the tumor cells beneath mesothelial cells was occasionally seen.
      Type 3 was the growth of tumor cells in suspension. These types of tumor cell
      growth closely resemble those in the peritoneal cavity observed after i.p.
      implantation of the tumor cells. When the tumor cells recovered from the blood of
      tumor-bearing rats were seeded, flattened tumor cell islands were formed 15 times
      more frequently than when the tumor cells isolated from host peritoneal cavity
      were seeded. Shortly after the appearance of small flattened tumor cell islands,
      a distinct morphological change of mesothelial cells from polygonal to spindle
      shape was seen preferentially at the marginal area of the cell layers (a partial
      retraction of cell edges). The retraction of mesothelial cells was induced not
      only by seeding the tumor cells but by adding the tumor ascites fluid or the
      medium conditioned by the tumor cell culture. The morphological change was
      reversed by changing the culture medium to remove the effectors. These results
      indicate that the system described in this study can provide a useful model to
      study tumor cell invasion.

PMID- 3697986
TI  - Expression and chromosomal localization of the cytochrome P1-450 gene in human
      mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes.
AB  - Genetic differences in aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) (flavoprotein-linked
      monoxygenase EC 1.14.14.1) activity in cultured lymphocytes have been linked with
      individual risk for certain environmentally caused cancers. Cytochrome P1-450 is
      the form of cytochrome P-450 most closely associated with AHH activity. In this
      study the chromosomal localization and the expression of human cytochrome P1-450
      gene were determined in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes. In situ
      hybridization analysis provides assignment of the structural gene for human
      cytochrome P1-450 to chromosome 15q22-q24. Treatment of lymphocytes with
      benzanthracene increased the amount of mRNA hybridized to the cloned cytochrome
      P1-450 gene. The level of cytochrome P1-450 mRNA in these lymphocytes correlates
      well with the induced AHH activity indicating that non-cytochrome P1-450 enzymes
      contribute little to the individual differences in the level of AHH activity in
      the lymphocytes. Southern analyses of genomic DNA from individuals with high and
      low induced AHH activity demonstrated no detectable differences in the pattern or
      intensity of restriction fragments after treatment with benzanthracene from
      either individual. This finding together with the excellent correlation between
      the induced cytochrome P1-450 and AHH activity, suggests that transcriptional
      control rather than gene amplification or gross form of gene rearrangement
      accounts for cytochrome P1-450 induction in man. Measurements of cytochrome P1
      450 mRNA content in cultured lymphocytes provide an alternative approach to the
      assay of AHH activity in assessing AHH phenotype and predicting different
      susceptibilities to deleterious environmental agents.

PMID- 3697987
TI  - Characterization of two highly metastatic variants of Lewis lung carcinoma with
      different organ specificities.
AB  - The biological properties and metastasis of two sublines of the Lewis lung
      carcinoma (3LL) which have maintained a stable pattern of organ-selective
      metastasis have been studied. Subline M-3LL, a lung-specific variant which
      originated from a lung metastasis of the parent line, metastasized only to the
      lung following injection of 10(4)-10(6) tumor cells i.v. or s.c. Lymphatic
      metastases of this tumor were rarely detected. Subline H-3LL which was developed
      from a rare, spontaneous hepatic metastasis of the parent line metastasized
      primarily to the liver, but pulmonary metastases have also been observed. While
      it grew at local s.c. sites, this tumor metastasized to the regional lymph nodes
      draining the tumor site, as determined by histology and by bioassay of the lymph
      nodes following their grafting into new recipient animals. Histologically, the
      two lines were indistinguishable with the exception of a higher incidence of
      giant cells detected in tissue sections and culture monolayers of the liver
      colonizing variant H-3LL. Ten clones derived from each of the variant lines were
      expanded in vitro and inoculated i.v. While none of the ten clones derived from
      line M-3LL gave rise to extrapulmonary metastasis, nine of ten clones derived
      from Tumor H-3LL gave rise to hepatic metastasis. Highly metastatic clones
      selected from each tumor were subsequently used to study the patterns of
      distribution and arrest of radiolabeled tumor cells following their inoculation
      i.v. No correlation could be found between the initial distribution of the
      radiolabeled tumor cells and the organ selectivity eventually noted in the site
      of the metastases.

PMID- 3697988
TI  - Antigens expressed on NIH 3T3 cells following transformation with DNA from human
      pancreatic tumor.
AB  - This report documents that the pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line, HPAF,
      contains oncogene activity detected by transformation of NIH 3T3 cells through
      transfection with HPAF DNA. The HPAF transfected NIH 3T3 cells do not contain
      oncogenes homologous with c-H-ras, c-K-ras, c-N-ras, v-fms, c-myb, c-sis, v-fgr,
      c-mos, c-myc, c-fos, v-fes, v-src, v-erb A, v-erb B, c-N-myc, v-raf, or v-abl,
      other than the endogenous mouse genes. The transfectants do express proteins
      detected by two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis which were not found in nontransfected NIH 3T3 cells. Monoclonal
      antibodies raised against the transfectants recognize proteins not found in
      untransfected NIH 3T3 cells that are antigenically identical to proteins found in
      the HPAF cells. These antigens are also detected on six other human pancreatic
      adenocarcinoma cell lines but show a much more restricted distribution on
      lymphoblastoid, melanoma, prostatic carcinoma, and normal skin fibroblast cell
      lines.

PMID- 3697989
TI  - Human transitional cell carcinoma in the NMRI-nu/nu mouse bladder: a new animal
      model for the in vivo use of monoclonal antibodies and cytotoxic agents.
AB  - Human transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder was successfully transplanted
      into the bladder of the NMRI-nu/nu mouse. Transplantation of a single-cell
      suspension from a human Grade II transitional cell carcinoma had an acceptance
      rate of 33%. The tumors showed invasive growth and could be identified by an anti
      human monoclonal antibody. This tumor model can be valuable as an in vivo test
      system for the local use of cytotoxic agents and monoclonal antibodies in
      diagnosis of and therapy for human bladder carcinoma.

PMID- 3697990
TI  - Human monoclonal antibodies directed against melanoma tumor-associated antigens.
AB  - To analyze the humoral immune response to melanoma, human-mouse hybridomas were
      generated by the fusions of regional lymph node lymphocytes of patients with the
      mouse myeloma cell line M5. Six stable hybridomas were cloned from six separate
      lymphocyte parents obtained from three patients. Ascites were obtained from nude
      mice after i.p. injection with cultured hybridoma cells. The monoclonal
      antibodies, four immunoglobulin Gs and two pentameric immunoglobulin Ms, were
      partially purified to remove mouse immunoglobulin and then conjugated to biotin
      for immunocytochemical and immunohistochemical studies. With the
      avidin:biotin:peroxidase complex method to detect and amplify binding by the
      biotin-conjugated human monoclonal antibodies, we found the six antibodies to be
      reactive against cytoplasmic determinants in five short-term melanoma cultures
      and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded melanoma tumors from four patients. The
      antigenic target of the antibodies identified was not carcinoembryonic antigen.
      Two antibodies, 2-139-1 and 6-26-3, were studied in more detail. Each stained 25
      of 25 specimens of melanomas. Little or no reactivity was detected against fixed
      sections of normal skin, which included tissues such as epidermis, dermis,
      monocytes, lymphocytes, and vascular endothelium. More striking was the absence
      of binding to melanocytes in the basal layer of the skin or to pigmented nevus
      cells. Both antibodies showed cross-reactivity against other tumors, in
      particular colonic and prostatic carcinomas. In the normal colon, reactivity was
      restricted to the surface of the columnar epithelium; no reactivity was detected
      against normal prostatic epithelium. Reactivity was also not observed against
      liver and lung. However, the epithelia of the renal tubules, pancreatic ducts,
      and salivary ducts were all reactive. These human monoclonal antibodies identify
      cytoplasmic melanoma-associated tumor antigens that appear different from the
      membrane antigens defined by serological approaches and by most mouse monoclonal
      antibodies.

PMID- 3697991
TI  - Enhancement in the adhesion of tumor cells to endothelial cells by decreased
      cholesterol synthesis.
AB  - Adhesive interactions between tumor cells and the endothelial cells are presumed
      to be an obligatory step in the metastatic process. Using an in vitro model, we
      have examined the role of endothelial lipids in the regulation of this
      interaction. The cholesterol levels of bovine aorta endothelial cell monolayers
      were inhibited by the addition of compactin, 25-hydroxycholesterol, or 7
      ketocholesterol. Metastatic B16 melanoma cells prelabeled with 14C-amino acid
      mixture were then deposited on this monolayer as a suspension and, at various
      time intervals, the number of cells adhering to the monolayer was determined. The
      results indicated that inhibition of cellular cholesterol caused enhancement in
      cell adhesion. On the other hand, perturbations of the glycosylation in the
      endothelial cells were without any effect on cell adhesion. The presence of
      cholesterol dispersion in the growth medium partially reversed the enhancement in
      cell adhesion caused by the cholesterol inhibitors. Growth in the presence of
      retinol or dexamethasone (1 microM) also caused enhancement in the adhesiveness
      of the tumor cells to endothelial cells, possibly because of their effects on
      cholesterol synthesis. Procaine, a local anesthetic which is known to increase
      membrane fluidity, also increased the tumor cell-endothelial interaction,
      suggesting that the membrane fluidity plays an important role in the regulation
      of cell adhesion.

PMID- 3697992
TI  - Destruction of rat mammary tumor and normal tissue microcirculation by
      hematoporphyrin derivative photoradiation observed in vivo in sandwich
      observation chambers.
AB  - The effect of hematoporphyrin derivative photoradiation on tumor and normal
      tissue microcirculation was studied microscopically in vivo on rats with mammary
      carcinomas transplanted into subcutis in transparent observation chambers. One
      day after i.p. injection of hematoporphyrin derivative (15 mg/kg), chambers were
      exposed to red light (632 +/- 2 nm, eight light dose values, 0 to 270 J/cm2).
      After an initial blanching (ischemia) of the tumor accompanied by apparent
      vasoconstriction, reperfusion was observed with a slowing down of the tumor
      circulation, vasodilatation, and eventually a complete stasis, together with
      diffuse hemorrhages and subsequent necrosis. Besides, in large normal tissue
      vessels, platelet aggregates were observed, but no hemorrhage. Tumor regrowth
      occurred unless the tumor circulation and the adjacent normal tissue circulation
      were both destroyed. Tumor cell viability after treatment was assessed by
      transplanting the tumor from the chamber into the flank of the same animal. Even
      after a combined porphyrin and light dose 4 times the lethal dose for all tissues
      in the chamber, five of five transplanted tumors did regrow. This leads to the
      conclusion that, in our model system, tumor cell death after photoradiation
      occurs secondary to destruction of the microcirculation. In order to obtain
      additional information on normal tissue damage, rat ears were also irradiated.
      For the same light dose, the biological effect was only slightly larger than that
      of the normal tissue in the observation chambers, even though the measured ratio
      of porphyrin concentrations in ears and normal tissue in the chambers (subcutis)
      was about six.

PMID- 3697993
TI  - Regulation of DNA synthesis and growth of cells derived from primary human
      meningiomas.
AB  - We have studied the effects of insulin, epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast
      growth factor (FGF), platelet-derived growth factor, and steroid hormones
      (estradiol, progesterone, and cortisol) on human meningioma cell proliferation
      and DNA synthesis in a serum-free culture system. The growth factors,
      particularly EGF and FGF, increased DNA synthesis in a dose-dependent manner as
      measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation, and they stimulated submaximal cell
      proliferation. No individual factor or combination of factors was able to
      successfully reproduce the effects of 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) on cell growth,
      although a combination of platelet-derived growth factor (5 units/ml) and EGF (10
      ng/ml) synergistically stimulated DNA synthesis to near maximal levels. In
      addition, serum dependency was observed in studies involving the mitogenic
      effects of insulin, EGF, or FGF. Both EGF and FGF (10 ng/ml) maximally stimulated
      cell growth in the presence of 5% FCS. The effects of steroid hormones on cell
      proliferation, individually or in combination with growth factors or charcoal
      treated FCS, were also evaluated. Estradiol (100 nM) significantly increased cell
      number over control values only in the presence of charcoal-treated FCS; no
      effects of progesterone or cortisol on cell proliferation were observed. In
      conclusion, both EGF and FGF stimulated cell proliferation and DNA synthesis in
      human meningioma cultures in a serum-free system, whereas steroid hormones were
      without effect. It appears that additional serum components are required for both
      estradiol-stimulated growth and for maximal proliferation of human meningioma
      cells under serum-free conditions.

PMID- 3697994
TI  - Prevention of doxorubicin myocardial toxicity in mice by reduced glutathione.
AB  - The effect of reduced glutathione (GSH) on acute myocardial toxicity due to
      doxorubicin (DXR) was investigated. At 20 mg/kg i.p. DXR was 100% lethal to
      BALB/c X DBA/2 F1 mice. At 500 or 1000 mg/kg i.p. GSH significantly decreased the
      lethality (P less than 0.01). Electron micrographs of the myocardium from DXR
      treated mice showed narrowing of myofibrils, edematous cytoplasm, and
      mitochondrial swelling which were detectable at day 2, was strongest at day 14,
      but had disappeared by day 56. Light microscopic examination revealed that
      intercellular spaces between myocardial cells were widened at day 56, indicating
      shrinking of myocardial cells. These changes were significantly decreased by
      treatment with GSH (500 mg/kg i.p.). Treatment with DXR (14 mg/kg) significantly
      decreased myocardial non-protein sulfhydryl content (P less than 0.02) and
      administration of GSH (500 mg/kg) prevented the drop of non-protein sulfhydryl
      levels due to DXR treatment. Thus it was considered that administration of
      exogenous GSH contributes to prevention of the acute myocardial toxicity of DXR
      by increasing extracellular GSH levels and intracellular GSH synthesis, which
      detoxifies DXR-oxygen metabolites. The administration of GSH did not interfere
      with the antineoplastic effect of DXR against L1210 mouse leukemia.

PMID- 3697995
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of etoposide in patients with abnormal renal and hepatic
      function.
AB  - Etoposide (VP16) pharmacokinetics was investigated in three groups of cancer
      patients: a control group of 18 patients with renal and hepatic function tests in
      the normal range; a group of 8 patients with renal insufficiency; and a group of
      15 patients with abnormal hepatic function. In the control group plasma clearance
      (Clp), volume of distribution (Vd), and elimination half-life (t1/2 beta) of VP16
      were, respectively, 22.8 +/- 1.0 (SE) ml/min/m2, 11.4 +/- 0.8 liters/m2, and 5.6
      +/- 0.4 h. In patients with renal insufficiency Clp was 12.8 +/- 1.1 ml/min/m2,
      Vd was 20.8 +/- 4.9 liters/m2, and t1/2 beta was 19.2 +/- 4.7 h. A statistically
      significant correlation (P = 0.0000001) was found between VP16 Clp and creatinine
      clearance. In 12 of 15 patients with abnormal liver tests Clp, Vd, and t1/2 beta
      were, respectively, 27.9 +/- 2.7 ml/min/m2, 12.4 +/- 1.5 liters/m2, and 5.4 +/-
      0.6 h and are thus similar to those of the control group. In the other three
      cases with abnormal liver function VP16 plasma levels were very low. In these
      cases VP16 t1/2 beta values were similar (5.1, 4.4, and 5.1 h) whereas Clp values
      (320, 87, and 96 ml/min/m2) and Vd values (142, 33, and 42 liters/m2) were much
      larger than in controls. These results suggest that VP16 doses should be reduced
      in patients with renal function impairment but not necessarily in patients with
      liver impairment. The high VP16 Vd and Clp values found in a subset of patients
      with liver impairment require further elucidation.

PMID- 3697996
TI  - Induction of cell-mediated immunity to autologous melanoma cells and regression
      of metastases after treatment with a melanoma cell vaccine preceded by
      cyclophosphamide.
AB  - There is considerable evidence in animal tumor systems that antitumor immunity is
      modulated by suppressor T-lymphocytes, and that the cytotoxic drug
      cyclophosphamide (CY) can abrogate that suppression. We measured the acquisition
      of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to autologous melanoma cells in 19
      patients with metastatic malignant melanoma. The patients were treated with an
      autologous melanoma cell vaccine, either given alone, or given 3 days after the
      administration of CY, 300 mg/m2 i.v. The DTH responses of CY-pretreated patients
      were significantly greater than those of control (vaccine only) patients. Thus,
      after two vaccine treatments, the median DTH responses (mm induration) were as
      follows: controls, 4 mm; CY pretreated, 11 mm; P = 0.034, Mann-Whitney U test, 2
      tailed. Whereas seven of eight CY-pretreated patients developed DTH to autologous
      melanoma cells of at least 5 mm, only two of seven controls did so (P = 0.034,
      Fisher's exact test). Two patients had significant antitumor responses to
      treatment with CY plus vaccine, consisting of complete disappearance of skin
      metastases and a pulmonary nodule in one, and regression of s.c. and liver
      metastases in the other. Both patients remain free of melanoma after 42 and 33
      mo, respectively.

PMID- 3697997
TI  - Pathological assessment of response to induction chemotherapy in breast cancer.
AB  - Macroscopic and microscopic pathology review was used to assess the degree of
      tumor reduction after preoperative chemotherapy in 90 patients with inflammatory
      and locally advanced breast cancer. Fifteen (17%) patients had no evident
      residual macroscopic tumor on gross pathological examination, and 6 of these 15
      had no residual tumor on microscopic review either. There was no significant
      difference in disease-free and overall survival between the six patients with no
      microscopic disease and the nine patients with only microscopic residual disease
      but no residual macroscopic tumor. These 15 patients with major reduction after
      induction chemotherapy had a longer disease-free survival (DFS) (median not
      reached at 5 yr) than the other 75 patients with lesser degrees of tumor
      reduction (DFS = 22 mo; P less than 0.01). Clinical evaluation of response to
      chemotherapy was a less accurate predictor of outcome than was the pathological
      assessment of response. Complete clinical responders had a 4-yr DFS of 55%,
      whereas patients with non macroscopic residual tumor following preoperative
      chemotherapy, less than one-half of whom had been judged to be a complete
      clinical responder, had a median DFS of greater than 60 mo and a 4-yr DFS of 75%.
      Patients whose mastectomy specimen had no macroscopic residual disease had a 93%
      5-yr survival compared to patients with a less marked response to therapy who had
      a 5-yr survival of 30% (P less than 0.01). No pretreatment patient or tumor
      related variables correlated with the degree of tumor reduction following
      preoperative therapy. Achievement of a mastectomy specimen free of residual
      macroscopic tumor after preoperative chemotherapy is an excellent prognostic
      factor for a prolonged DFS and survival. This information should be considered in
      the selection of postoperative systemic therapy.

PMID- 3697998
TI  - MAM-6 antigen, a new serum marker for breast cancer monitoring.
AB  - Almost all carcinomas contain a cell surface antigen, MAM-6, which has been
      defined by several monoclonal antibodies, including 115D8 (Hilkens et al., Int.
      J. Cancer, 34: 197-206, 1984). A quantitative sandwich radioimmunoassay, using
      115D8 as catcher and as tracer antibody, has been developed to detect MAM-6 in
      serum. To quantitate the MAM-6 level, pooled human milk was used as a standard,
      and arbitrary units were chosen. Less than 5% of the sera of apparently healthy
      individuals contained more than 5 units/ml. In sera of patients with benign
      breast lesions, the same low levels were detected. However, concentrations over 5
      units/ml were found in 24, 21, 43, and 79% of the sera of patients with
      pathological Stages I, II, III, and IV breast cancer, respectively. MAM-6 levels
      were also increased in almost all sera tested from patients with advanced stages
      of ovarian carcinoma, but in a low percentage of sera from patients with other
      advanced cancers. A longitudinal study was carried out to test the MAM-6 assay as
      clinical marker to monitor the therapeutic response of breast cancer. Increasing
      or decreasing MAM-6 serum levels correlated in 93% of the cases with breast
      cancer progression or regression, indicating that the assay can be used to
      monitor the course of the disease during therapy. In some breast cancer patients,
      elevated MAM-6 levels were observed prior to any clinical indication of tumor
      recurrence.

PMID- 3697999
TI  - In vitro hemopoiesis of marrow cells from myelodysplastic patients: effects of
      mitogen-stimulated spleen cell-conditioned medium and vitamin A and D
      derivatives.
AB  - We determined the ability of pokeweed mitogen-stimulated human spleen cells to
      support the growth and proliferation of hemopoietic progenitors from normal and
      myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients, in the presence and absence of the
      maturation-inducing agents 13-cis-retinoic acid (RA) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
      (vit D). The addition of various concentrations of vit D or RA to culture plates
      containing MDS patients' marrow cells stimulated myeloid colony growth. A higher
      number of myeloid colony-forming units-cell was noted in cultures containing vit
      D or RA in addition to pokeweed mitogen spleen-conditioned medium compared to
      these substances and placenta conditioned medium. When colony-forming units-cell
      from MDS patients was incubated with 2 X 10(-8) M vit D the percentage of
      monocyte-macrophage colonies was increased and the number of granulocyte colonies
      was decreased. Neither vit D nor RA affected the number of cells per colony. Our
      findings suggest that pokeweed mitogen spleen-conditioned medium provides a more
      potent source than placenta-conditioned medium for humoral factors that stimulate
      the growth of hemopoietic progenitors from MDS patients and that the use of
      pokeweed mitogen spleen-conditioned medium may improve studies of hemopoiesis in
      MDS patients.

PMID- 3698000
TI  - Free fatty acid concentrations correlated with the available fraction of
      estradiol in human plasma.
AB  - A physiological in vivo increase of plasma free fatty acid concentration after an
      overnight fast was found to be accompanied by a rise of the non-protein bound
      estradiol fraction. A similar increase was observed after lipase activation by
      the i.v. injection of 500 IU heparin in 5 healthy non-fasting subjects. In vitro
      studies showed a direct relationship between non-protein bound estradiol and the
      concentration of linoleate, linolenate, and arachidonate both in undiluted serum
      and in Ringer's solution containing human serum albumin (45 g/liter). Moreover,
      the estradiol sex hormone binding globulin complex bound to a solid concanavalin
      A-Sepharose matrix was markedly dissociated by oleate and even more by linoleate,
      linolenate, or arachidonate. These results suggest that physiological diurnal
      elevations in plasma free fatty acids which are amplified by high fat
      consumption, obesity, and stress may imply major proportional increases of
      available estradiol, exerting a promotional effect on breast and endometrial
      cancer over the years.

PMID- 3698001
TI  - Further characterization of the in vitro tumoricidal activity of staphylococcal
      protein A.
AB  - Treatment of plasma or serum from leukemic patients with solid phase
      staphylococcal Protein A induced leukemic blast cell lysis in vitro, but this
      effect was relatively independent of the amount of immunoglobulin G (IgG)
      removed. Samples with approximately equal cytotoxic activity contained markedly
      different IgG levels, while samples with similar IgG levels had a wide range of
      tumoricidal activity. Assays of plasma samples collected during a perfusion of
      one plasma volume through a Protein A-Sepharose column indicated that the
      duration of the procedure had a greater effect on cytotoxic activity than did the
      amount of IgG removed. Neither added leukemic nor normal IgG significantly
      improved blast cell viability in treated serum. Cytotoxic activity was not
      dialyzable and concentrated in the Mr less than 100,000 fraction of samples
      separated by filtration. Treated cytotoxic serum samples did not have important
      Clq binding activity. These results suggest that the in vitro tumoricidal
      activity of solid phase Protein A is probably due to a toxic substance added to
      serum during immunoadsorption rather than to its immunoadsorptive capacity.

PMID- 3698003
TI  - New screening system for selection of anticancer drugs for treatment of human
      colorectal cancer.
AB  - We report an evaluation of a new radiometric technique (BACTEC assay) as a
      potential screening system for cytotoxic compounds with activity against cancer
      of the large bowel. Exponentially growing cells of nine different human
      colorectal cancer cell lines were exposed to a variety of standard anticancer
      agents with or without documented clinical activity. Each drug was tested in a
      series of 1-h and continuous exposure studies utilizing three different
      concentrations. Antineoplastic effects were analyzed as a function of in vivo
      achievable serum concentrations, namely by a ratio of the concentration required
      to decrease cell growth to 10% of control to one-tenth of the peak plasma
      concentration in humans. Our results suggest that COLO 320DM, OM-1, and Ht-29
      cells manifest responsiveness to anticancer drugs consistent with that noted in
      clinical studies with most agents tested. The radiometric technique provides
      several advantages for a screening system, including reproducibility, a good
      agreement with the cloning assay, speed, and low costs. The combined use of the
      BACTEC technique and the three colon cancer cell lines could prove useful as a
      screen for new anticancer compounds with activity in colorectal cancer.

PMID- 3698002
TI  - Separation of early diffuse alveolar cell proliferation from enhanced tumor
      development in mouse lung.
AB  - A/J mice given urethan (1000 mg/kg) followed by four injections of butylated
      hydroxytoluene (BHT) (400 mg/kg) developed within 4 mo approximately 40% more
      lung tumors than mice treated with urethan and given four injections of corn oil.
      Administration of the metabolic inhibitor piperonyl butoxide prior to BHT
      injection abolished overall alveolar cell proliferation although it did not
      completely suppress type II alveolar cell proliferation. Tumor multiplicity in
      those animals remained significantly higher (29%) than in corresponding controls.
      In mice treated with 3-methylcholanthrene repeated injections of BHT (300 mg/kg)
      increased tumor multiplicity by a much larger factor (500-800). Pretreatment of
      mice with BHT reduced the number of tumors produced by methylcholanthrene and at
      the same time blocked all cell proliferation following additional injections of
      BHT; nevertheless, BHT treatment given after methylcholanthrene again increased
      tumor multiplicity by the same factor (500-800%) seen in animals not made
      tolerant to BHT. It is concluded that the enhancing effect of BHT on lung tumor
      development is not due to the production of diffuse alveolar cell hyperplasia.

PMID- 3698004
TI  - Differential interaction of normal and preneoplastic hamster bronchi with
      adriamycin.
AB  - Advanced bronchogenic carcinoma in humans is notoriously resistant to the
      cytocidal actions of cancer chemotherapy. The experiments reported here were
      undertaken as a first step in examining the mechanisms of resistance of
      carcinogen-altered bronchus to the actions of the commonly used cancerocidal
      agent Adriamycin. Syrian Golden hamsters were treated with an endobronchial
      carcinogen in order to produce bronchial neoplasms or with no carcinogen as
      controls. Hamsters were then given i.v. Adriamycin, and the amounts and
      metabolism of bronchial Adriamycin were determined. Peak uptake values were found
      5 min after Adriamycin administration, and the amounts of Adriamycin in normal
      and carcinogen-altered bronchi were found to be similar. Whereas no metabolism of
      Adriamycin was observed in normal bronchi, 40-60% of total Adriamycin
      fluorescence was found to be due to Adriamycinol and Adriamycin aglycones in
      bronchi with premalignant changes. In separate experiments, the susceptibility of
      normal and carcinogen-altered bronchial extracts to drug-induced lipid
      peroxidation was measured in vitro. A 50% decrease was found in the ability of
      carcinogen-altered bronchi to act as a substrate for lipid peroxidation mediated
      by Adriamycin and an approximately 30% decrease for lipid peroxidation induced by
      t-butyl-hydroperoxide. These results demonstrate two different mechanisms by
      which bronchogenic carcinomas might become resistant to the chemotherapeutic
      actions of Adriamycin. These are by the carcinogen induction of metabolism of
      Adriamycin to less toxic products and by resistance of the bronchi to free
      radical damage.

PMID- 3698005
TI  - Inhibition of human melanoma growth by prostaglandin A, D, and J analogues.
AB  - The relative inhibitory potency of prostaglandin A (PGA) and prostaglandin J2
      (PGJ2) analogues compared to prostaglandin A1 (PGA1) was determined in a
      clonogenic assay system. Three human melanoma cell strains (C8146A, C8146C, and
      C8161), a human melanoma cell line (M1RW5) and a human neuroblastoma cell line
      (IMR-32) were used. Prostaglandin analogues were screened in the clonogenic assay
      system and the dose effect curves were analyzed by linear regression utilizing
      the median effect relationship. The computer-generated 50% and 95% inhibitory
      doses showed that 15-deoxy-16-hydroxyl-16-vinyl-prostaglandin A2 (DHV-PGA2) was
      from two- to three-fold more active than PGA1 in inhibiting the clonogenic growth
      of human melanoma cells. Based on the 50% inhibitory dose, PGJ2 and its analogues
      were from two to five times more potent than PGA1. The delta 12- and delta 12,14
      PGJ2 were the most potent of the prostaglandins tested. However, the 95%
      inhibitory dose for prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), PGJ2 and its analogues against
      neuroblastoma did not show any enhancement in activity in comparison to PGA1,
      suggesting that some tumor specificity in the activity of these analogues may be
      signified by the neuroblastoma data. Prostaglandins which contained a fluoride
      substitution at position 11 were also tested for activity. As we previously
      observed with other analogues which did not contain an alpha, beta-unsaturated
      carbonyl group in the cyclopentane ring, 9 beta, 15 alpha-dihydroxy-11 beta
      fluoroprosta-5-cis-13-trans-dienoic acid and 9 alpha, 15 alpha-dihydroxy-11 beta
      fluoroprosta-5-cis-13-trans-dienoic acid did not inhibit the clonogenic growth of
      human melanoma cells. Administration s.c. to established human melanoma tumors
      growing in athymic nude mice caused a significant growth inhibition. The
      treatment schedules ranged from 1 to 8 days. Injection s.c. of PGA1 at a dose of
      40 mg/kg/day resulted in a 20% suppression in tumor growth. Higher doses (100 and
      200 mg/kg/day) effected an 80% reduction in tumor growth. The higher doses were
      associated with reversible toxicities, diarrhea and skin inflammation.
      Administration of DHV-PGA2 at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day resulted in 40% reduction in
      tumor growth. The increased in vivo potency of DHV-PGA2 corresponds to the
      results obtained in the clonogenic assay system.

PMID- 3698006
TI  - Use of a cell sorter for assays of cell clonogenicity.
AB  - A fluorescence-activated cell sorter has the capability of recognizing,
      categorizing, counting, and sorting cells, and it thus provides a convenient and
      rapid method for "micromanipulation" of known numbers of cells into appropriate
      vessels for cell viability or clonogenicity studies. Subsequent microscopic
      observation of the sorted cells allows discrimination between the separate
      processes of cell attachment (plating efficiency) and clonogenic growth
      (viability). Examples are presented showing the power of these techniques for
      studying the low-dose regions of radiation survival curves for Chinese hamster
      V79 cells grown as monolayers or spheroids, for cells irradiated under aerobic
      versus hypoxic conditions, and for cells of large spheroids exposed to
      Adriamycin, where the slow penetration of the drug results in a differential
      exposure to the various cell subpopulations.

PMID- 3698007
TI  - Effect of sidestream and mainstream smoke exposure on in vitro interferon
      alpha/beta production by L-929 cells.
AB  - A peristaltic pump smoking machine that allows simultaneous generation of
      mainstream (active) and sidestream (passive) smoke from a cigarette was used to
      expose cultures of murine L-929 cells, a potent producer of interferon, to smoke.
      The cigarette used was the University of Kentucky 2R1 reference cigarette. The
      dosages of smoke used for exposure were the highest doses possible that generated
      a minimum toxic effect, and they were serially diluted to lower doses. Dosages
      were determined by the number of smoke puffs generated, the volume of smoke puffs
      generated, and the total particulate matter deposited on Cambridge filters in the
      smoke machine. Viability of exposed cells was equivalent to control cell
      cultures. Interferon-alpha/beta was induced by addition of polyriboinosinic
      polyribocytidylic acid to the cells. Interferon production was substantially
      reduced in viable cells exposed to mainstream or sidestream smoke. Aging of smoke
      by delaying time of exposure of the cells to the smoke, or filtration of smoke
      through activated charcoal substantially decreased the alteration of interferon
      production by smoke exposure. These results suggest that actual exposure of cells
      to mainstream or sidestream smoke can inhibit in vitro interferon-alpha/beta
      induction, but the cells can be protected from these effects by smoke
      manipulation.

PMID- 3698008
TI  - Influence of hypoxia and an acidic environment on the metabolism and viability of
      cultured cells: potential implications for cell death in tumors.
AB  - Hypoxia and an acidic environment are known to occur in regions of solid tumors
      and might be involved in the causation of necrosis. The viability and energy
      metabolism of cells in tissue culture were therefore investigated under hypoxic
      and/or acidic conditions. Acute exposure of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells or
      human bladder cancer MGH-U1 cells to hypoxia plus low pH (6.5 to 6.0) was
      cytotoxic in a time- and pH-dependent manner; surviving fraction was reduced to
      approximately 10(-4) following a 6-h exposure to hypoxia at pH 6.0. There was no
      effect on viability when aerobic CHO cells were exposed for 6 h at pH 6.0, or
      when either cell line was rendered hypoxic for 6 h at pH 7.0; MGH-U1 cells showed
      slight sensitivity to acidic pH in air. Decrease in viability of CHO cells
      incubated under acid conditions was observed over the range of oxygen
      concentrations from 0.2 to 0.05%, similar to the range which causes change in
      cellular sensitivity to radiation. Glucose consumption and lactate production by
      both cell lines were inhibited at low pH under both aerobic and hypoxic
      conditions. Cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and the energy charge
      [(ATP + 1/2 adenosine diphosphate)/(adenosine monophosphate + adenosine
      diphosphate + ATP)] of CHO cells were reduced by about 85 and 25%, respectively,
      after a 6-h exposure to hypoxia at pH 6.0 but were not influenced by hypoxia or
      acid pH alone. Inhibition of glycolysis by incubation of CHO cells under hypoxic
      conditions in the absence of glucose (at pH 7.0) led to a larger fall in cellular
      ATP and energy charge, but cell survival fell to only approximately 10(-2) at 6
      h. These results demonstrate that hypoxia and an acid environment interact to
      cause marked toxicity. A decrease in energy charge of the cells may contribute to
      loss of viability, but additional mechanisms appear to be involved.

PMID- 3698009
TI  - Experimental chemotherapy of human medulloblastoma with classical alkylators.
AB  - Seven classical alkylators were tested for activity against the continuous human
      medulloblastoma cell line TE-671 grown in vitro and as s.c. and intracranial
      xenografts in athymic mice. Drugs tested included melphalan, cyclophosphamide (4
      hydroperoxycyclophosphamide in vitro), iphosphamide (4-hydroperoxyiphosphamide in
      vitro), phenylketocyclo-phosphamide, phenylketoiphosphamide, Asta Z 7557, and
      thiotriethyl-enephosphoramide. All agents were active, with melphalan
      demonstrating the most activity in vitro and in vivo. Comparative studies of
      cyclophosphamide and phenylketocyclophosphamide revealed partition coefficients
      (log P) of 0.73 and greater than 1.69, respectively, and cyclophosphamide
      exhibited greater cytotoxic activity in post- (equitoxic) drug administration
      murine plasma. Hematological toxicity was limited to leukopenia/neutropenia for
      both of these agents. These studies suggest that the classical alkylators may
      have a role in the treatment of medulloblastoma and provide a means to further
      analyze their therapeutic potential.

PMID- 3698010
TI  - Treatment of Dunning R3327-AT rat prostate tumors with photodynamic therapy in
      combination with misonidazole.
AB  - Fischer X Copenhagen rats bearing Dunning R3327-AT tumors were treated with
      hematoporphyrin derivative and red light (630 nm from an argon-driven dye laser)
      alone or in combination with the hypoxic cell radiosensitizer, misonidazole
      (MISO). In vitro studies had suggested that hypoxia might significantly decrease
      the cytotoxicity of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and labeling with [14C]MISO had
      revealed a significant fraction of viable hypoxic cells in this tumor. PDT alone
      resulted in a growth delay of 8.8 days but no tumor cures were observed. The
      administration of MISO (i.p. at 0.5 mg/g) 33 min prior to PDT resulted in an
      average growth delay of 15.2 days and tumor cures (local control at 33 days) in
      20% of animals treated. If MISO at a similar dosage was administered 30 min after
      PDT an average growth delay of 16.3 days was measured and tumor cure was observed
      in 70% of the animals treated. These results suggest that the hypoxic cell
      fraction in R3327-AT tumors might be a limitation to their curability by PDT. The
      addition of MISO and/or other hypoxic cell cytotoxic agents to PDT procedures may
      provide an effective means of treating PDT-resistant hypoxic cells in solid
      tumors.

PMID- 3698011
TI  - Resistance to multiple adenine nucleoside and methionine analogues in mutant
      murine lymphoma cells with enlarged S-adenosylmethionine pools.
AB  - Adenosine and many adenosine analogues exert toxicity to mammalian cells at the
      nucleoside level. The mechanism of action of these agents is controversial.
      Previous experiments suggested that adenosine toxicity could be mediated by the
      accumulation of S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy), a potent inhibitor of S
      adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) dependent methylation reactions. To analyze this
      question genetically, adenosine resistant, adenosine kinase deficient mutant
      clones of a murine T-lymphoma cell line (R1.1) have been selected and analyzed.
      Compared to parental lymphoma cells, the adenosine resistant mutants had
      severalfold elevated levels of AdoMet and an increased AdoMet:AdoHcy ratio. The
      activity of methionine adenosyltransferase was also raised in the mutants. The
      mutant cells were cross-resistant to agents postulated to cause accretion of
      AdoHcy, formation of AdoHcy analogues, impairment of AdoMet synthesis, or direct
      interference with AdoMet dependent reactions. These included 3-deazaadenosine,
      carbocyclic adenosine, carbocyclic 3-deazaadenosine, formycin A, 8-azaadenosine,
      5'-deoxy-5'-methylthiotubercidin, 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine, 5'-deoxy-5'-S
      isobutylthioadenosine, adenine, cycloleucine, L-ethionine, seleno-DL-ethionine,
      and (+/-)-2-aminobicyclo[2.1.1]hexane-2-carboxylic acid. These results suggest
      that diverse purine nucleoside and methionine analogues may block the growth of
      adenosine kinase deficient cells by interference with AdoMet synthesis and
      degradation. An increase in AdoMet pools can render mammalian cells cross
      resistant to multiple drugs affecting this essential metabolic pathway.

PMID- 3698012
TI  - Effector mechanisms of human monocyte-mediated tumor cytotoxicity in vitro:
      biochemical, functional, and serological characterization of cytotoxins produced
      by peripheral blood monocytes isolated by counterflow elutriation.
AB  - Human peripheral blood monocytes, isolated in high purity by centrifugal
      counterflow elutriation from normal donors, release cell toxins, herein termed
      human monocyte toxins (HMTs) upon further stimulation in vitro. The principal
      form of HMTs produced by these human peripheral blood monocytes has been
      subjected to biochemical, functional, and serological characterization. By
      molecular sieving on Sephacryl S-200, HMTs can be resolved into two molecular
      weight classes. The larger, termed alpha, has a molecular weight of about
      120,000, and the smaller, termed beta, has a molecular weight of about 65,000.
      The beta class is by far the most predominant species and has been further
      characterized. Chromatofocusing of beta-HMT indicates a slightly acidic nature,
      since this species is eluted at pH 5.8. Functional characterization of beta-HMT
      suggests that it is not a trypsin-like protease, since neither alpha,N-tosyl-L
      lysylchloromethylketone nor alpha,N-tosyl-L-arginyl methyl ester are capable of
      causing significant inhibition of the cell-lytic activity of the molecule.
      Furthermore, cell lysis induced by beta-HMT appears to be independent of oxygen
      dependent mechanisms, since catalase is incapable of blocking lysis, and since
      hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion are not produced in detectable amounts
      during lysis. Finally, beta-HMT does not appear to be an arginase, since it is
      active in arginine-containing medium and further addition of arginine to the
      assay medium does not inhibit lysis significantly. beta-HMT is serologically
      related to recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (rHuTNF), since its cell lytic
      activity can be blocked by a rabbit antiserum against rHuTNF. However, much
      higher levels of this antiserum are required to achieve neutralization than are
      required to neutralize a comparable number of cell lytic units of rHuTNF.
      Furthermore, the results of preliminary immunoprecipitation experiments using the
      rabbit anti-rHuTNF antiserum suggest that a peptide in the Mr 60,000-70,000 range
      is recognized by this serum, whereas no signal at Mr 17,000 corresponding to
      rHuTNF is detectable. Thus, human peripheral blood monocytes can be triggered to
      release cell toxins, the principal form of which, beta-HMT, appears to be
      functionally distinct from the cytotoxic proteases reported in the murine system
      and appears to be molecularly distinct from, but serologically related to rHuTNF.

PMID- 3698013
TI  - Effects of the bidentate malonate ligand on the utilization and cytotoxicity of
      platinum compounds in the L1210 cell line.
AB  - Previous studies have investigated the cytotoxicity of platinum(II) compounds
      with bidentate leaving ligands, but little is known about their uptake or
      mechanism of action inside the cell. We have compared the uptake and
      intracellular effects of cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexanemalonatoplatinum(II)
      [Pt(mal)(cis-DACH)] and cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexanedichloroplatinum(II) [PtCl2(cis
      DACH)] in the L1210 cell line. In the 3-h colony formation assay, PtCl2(cis-DACH)
      is almost 10 times more cytotoxic than Pt(mal)(cis-DACH). However, when the time
      of incubation with platinum drug is increased from 3 to 24 h the cytotoxicity of
      PtCl2(cis-DACH) changes relatively little while the cytotoxicity of Pt(mal)(cis
      DACH) increases over 10-fold. As a consequence, Pt(mal)(cis-DACH) is only
      slightly less cytotoxic than the dichloro compound by 24 h. These data can
      readily be explained by differences in the time course of uptake. Pt(mal)(cis
      DACH) is initially taken by the cell at a much slower rate than PtCl2(cis-DACH),
      but the uptake continues linearly for at least 24 h with the malonate compound,
      while uptake for the dichloro compound begins to plateau between 5 and 8 h. The
      earlier plateauing of PtCl2(cis-DACH) uptake is most likely to be due to a
      quicker approach to equilibrium between intracellular and extracellular
      concentrations of unchanged drug which is caused by a more rapid inactivation of
      PtCl2(cis-DACH) in the media coupled with the more rapid uptake of PtCl2(cis
      DACH) by the cells. When compared at equal cytotoxicity, the uptake of platinum
      into the intracellular pool of low molecular weight platinum compounds is
      significantly greater for Pt(mal)(cis-DACH) even though the rate of platinum
      incorporation into DNA is essentially the same for both compounds at early times.
      These data suggest that a smaller percentage of the low molecular weight platinum
      is in a reactive form inside the cell for Pt(mal)(cis-DACH). While the inhibition
      of cell survival exactly parallels incorporation of platinum into DNA for both
      compounds, there is a significant lag before the onset of inhibition of DNA
      synthesis for Pt(mal)(cis-DACH). This observation suggests that the conversion of
      monoadducts to diadducts may be slower for platinum compounds with bidentate
      leaving ligands.

PMID- 3698014
TI  - In vitro and in vivo radiation sensitization by the halogenated pyrimidine 5
      chloro-2'-deoxycytidine.
AB  - 5-Chloro-2'-deoxycytidine (Cld/Cyd) is hypothesized to have preferential
      incorporation into tumor DNA on the basis of elevated deoxycytidine-5'-phosphate
      deaminase and deoxycytidine kinase levels in tumors. Radiosensitization by
      Cld/Cyd was evaluated in exponentially growing Chinese hamster ovary cells by
      determining the ratio of radiation doses in control and treated cells to produce
      the same degree of cell killing (sensitizer enhancement ratio). Sensitizer
      enhancement ratios of 1.2-1.8 are seen at Cld/Cyd concentrations of 3-100 microM,
      64 h incubation, and 200-600 cGy irradiation. Coincubation with tetrahydrouridine
      (H4Urd), a proposed inhibitor of Cld/Cyd catabolism by plasma cytidine deaminase
      resulted in no enhanced drug or radiation cytotoxicity. C3H mice given implants
      of RIF-1 tumors received 72-h continuous i.p. infusions of Cld/Cyd with or
      without H4Urd, or 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd). Excised tumors were
      irradiated as single cell suspensions in vitro. Infusions of equimolar (0.4
      mmol/kg/day) Cld/Cyd or BrdUrd resulted in greater radiosensitization by BrdUrd
      with no potentiation of Cld/Cyd by coinfusion with 0.8 mmol/kg/day H4Urd.
      Infusions with equitoxic doses of Cld/Cyd (0.8 mmol/kg/day) or BrdUrd (0.4
      mmol/kg/day) yielded equal BrdUrd and Cld/Cyd sensitizer enhancement ratios of
      1.6, without H4Urd potentiation of Cld/Cyd. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter
      analysis of tumor cell suspensions using a monoclonal antibody reactive with
      BrdUrd and Cld/Cyd disclosed a population of noncycling cells in tumors treated
      with Cld/Cyd/H4Urd that is not seen in tumors exposed to either BrdUrd or Cld/Cyd
      alone.

PMID- 3698015
TI  - Misonidazole-induced chemopotentiation of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1
      nitrosourea toxicity in O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase proficient (Mer+)
      and deficient (Mer-) cell lines.
AB  - The radiation sensitizing agent misonidazole (MISO) was combined with 1-(2
      chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) for the treatment of Mer+ (IMR-90,
      HeLa, and HeLa-S3) and Mer- (EMT-6/Ro, VA-13, and HeLa-MR) cell lines under
      hypoxic conditions in vitro. The magnitude of enhancement achieved by the
      addition of MISO was calculated by comparison with survival curves obtained by
      treating each cell line with CCNU alone, under hypoxic conditions. As expected,
      the Mer+ cells were more resistant to CCNU treatment than were their Mer-
      counterparts. In the presence of 1.0 mM MISO the toxicity of CCNU was enhanced
      (dose enhancement factor, 1.4-1.6) in all three of the Mer- lines. However, the
      Mer+ lines were less responsive to chemopotentiation by MISO. The toxicity of
      CCNU toward two of the Mer+ lines, IMR-90 and HeLa, was not modified by the
      addition of MISO, while a slight enhancement (dose enhancement factor, 1.2) was
      observed in the HeLa-S3 line. Similar results were obtained with IMR-90 and VA-13
      cells treated by postincubation in which aerobic CCNU treatment was followed by
      hypoxic exposure to MISO for up to 6 h. While no correlation was observed between
      Mer status and the hypoxic toxicity of MISO, the data suggest that a relationship
      might exist between chemopotentiation and MISO sensitivity when each phenotype is
      considered separately. These observations suggesting that tumor cells of the Mer+
      phenotype may be less responsive to MISO chemopotentiation have significant
      implications for ongoing and planned clinical trials designed to evaluate the
      potential of chemopotentiation using CCNU and MISO since greater than 75% of
      human tumors are Mer+.

PMID- 3698016
TI  - Growth inhibition of a rat colon tumor by L-canavanine.
AB  - The effects of L-canavanine, a higher plant nonprotein amino acid, on the growth
      of a rat colon carcinoma were assessed. The 1 and 10% lethal dose values
      following a single s.c. injection in Fischer rats were 4.75 and 5.57 g/kg,
      respectively. Rats received s.c. injections of a 10% (w/v) tumor cell suspension.
      When the tumors reached a size of 500 to 1000 mm3, the rats received canavanine,
      2.0 g/kg or 3.0 g/kg s.c. daily for 5 or daily for 9 days. Control animals
      received a 0.9% NaCl solution. Administration of canavanine, 2.0 g/kg for 5 days
      produced a treated versus control of 23%; the treated versus control for 9 days
      was 14%. The 3.0-g/kg dosing regimen resulted in a treated versus control value
      of -13% after 5 days and -8% after 9 days. The negative values indicated
      regression of the tumor. The reduction in tumor volume, expressed as the
      percentage of regression, was 22% in animals receiving canavanine, 3.0 g/kg daily
      for 5 days and 60% in the 3.0-g/kg-daily-for-9-days treatment group. Cumulative
      toxicity caused death in 2 of 5 animals in the 3.0-g/kg-for-9-days treatment
      group; the average weight loss was 31%. The 3.0-g/kg-for-5-days treatment also
      produced undesirable cumulative toxicity as indicated by a weight loss of 19%.
      Cumulative toxicity was reduced greatly when canavanine was administered at a
      dose level of 2.0 g/kg for 5 days (weight loss of 13%). Analysis of the
      relationship of caloric deprivation to tumor growth reduction established that
      canavanine-mediated curtailment of tumor growth was not caused by reduced food
      intake and its associated loss in body weight. Histological examination of
      tissues from rats receiving canavanine, 2.0 or 3.0 g/kg daily for 5 or 9 days
      failed to reveal lesions in any of the examined tissues, except for varying
      degrees of pancreatic acinar atrophy. All other tissues appeared normal. The
      white and red blood cell values of canavanine-treated rats were also normal
      following 1, 3, or 6 injections of canavanine, 2.0 or 3.0 g/kg. The results
      indicated that canavanine induced marked growth inhibition of the rat colon
      carcinoma. Our experiments also disclosed that further studies must be conducted
      to optimize the dosing schedule to enhance drug efficacy and to reduce its
      cumulative toxicity.

PMID- 3698017
TI  - Phenotypic instability of mouse melanomas after propagation in vivo and in vitro.
AB  - This study was designed to evaluate the phenotypic stability of the carcinogen
      induced JB/MS and JB/RH melanomas. The JB/MS melanoma maintained its original
      slow-growing melanotic phenotype during in vivo passage over a 2-yr period.
      However, both melanin production and tumorigenicity decreased rapidly after
      propagation of JB/MS cells in vitro. The JB/RH melanoma became essentially
      amelanotic after the second transplantation in vivo. Cultured JB/RH cells
      produced tumors identical to those obtained by transplantation of JB/RH tumor
      fragments. However, after propagation in vitro for 2 yr, the JB/RH cell line
      decreased in tumorigenicity, requiring 10 times as many cells to produce tumors
      in C57BL/6 mice as did the original cell line. The JB/RH melanoma was highly
      immunogenic in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice, and passage of JB/RH cells through
      immunized mice resulted in tumors that were significantly more tumorigenic in
      normal mice than were JB/RH cells that had been passed through either nude or
      sublethally irradiated mice. These results indicate that, in studies of primary
      mouse melanomas, it is essential to: (a) limit the number of tumor passages; (b)
      choose methods of propagation that will preserve the original phenotype; and (c)
      distinguish those properties produced by technical manipulation from those
      produced by true tumor progression.

PMID- 3698018
TI  - Patterns of DNA methylation and gene expression in human tumor cell lines.
AB  - Restriction endonuclease analysis was used to determine the methylation status of
      collagen, c-Ha-ras, and thymidine kinase genes in human fibroblasts and tumor
      cell lines. When digested with the methylation sensitive enzymes HpaII or HhaI,
      the DNA of each cell line generated a unique banding pattern for each gene
      examined. No generalized trend of gene hypomethylation or decreases in overall
      cytosine methylation were observed in tumor cell lines when compared to
      fibroblasts. Collagen biosynthetic profiles were also determined, and no
      correlations could be made between patterns of type I and type III collagen gene
      methylation and expression. Our findings support those of a previous report in
      which methylation and expression of the chick alpha 2(I) collagen gene were
      examined, and this represents the first such analysis of the pro-alpha 1 (III)
      collagen gene. MspI restriction fragment length polymorphisms were detected
      within c-Ha-ras, pro-alpha 2(I) collagen, pro-alpha 1(III) collagen, and
      thymidine kinase genes. The ras gene polymorphisms can be attributed to variation
      in the number of tandem repeats within a MspI fragment at the 3' end of the gene.
      The other gene polymorphisms may be due to base pair mutations at methylated
      cytosine residues within CCGG sequences.

PMID- 3698019
TI  - Histological study of the effect of hematoporphyrin derivative photodynamic
      therapy on the rat jejunum.
AB  - Hematoporphyrin derivative photodynamic therapy is evolving as a local treatment
      for neoplastic disease. The emphasis of previous research has been on the
      determination of mechanisms of tumoricidal activity and defining the tumoricidal
      porphyrin component in hematoporphyrin derivative. The effect of hematoporphyrin
      derivative photodynamic therapy on normal tissue has received little attention.
      In the following study we examined the morphological changes of normal rat
      intestine exposed to hematoporphyrin derivative and light. In this model a
      segment of rat jejunum was exposed to red light (greater than 590 nm; 360 J/cm2)
      24 or 72 h after the i.v. administration of hematoporphyrin derivative (5 or 10
      micrograms/g body weight). Control groups received either no treatment,
      hematoporphyrin derivative only, or light only. Four h after treatment,
      intestinal segments were removed and examined by light microscopy. Segments
      treated with hematoporphyrin derivative and light showed extensive sloughing of
      the mucosa and submucosa with sparing of the muscular and serosal layers. It
      appears that hematoporphyrin derivative photodynamic therapy is capable of
      causing mucosal and submucosal damage to normal rat jejunum at these doses of
      light and hematoporphyrin derivative.

PMID- 3698020
TI  - Resistance to adriamycin: relationship of cytotoxicity to drug uptake and DNA
      single- and double-strand breakage in cloned cell lines of adriamycin-sensitive
      and -resistant P388 leukemia.
AB  - Cloned lines of Adriamycin (ADR)-sensitive and -resistant P388 leukemia have been
      established from single cell cultures. A marker chromosome M1 was found in all
      cells in the heterogeneous resistant P388/ADR parental line as well as in the
      cloned resistant lines P388/ADR/3 and P388/ADR/7; a different marker chromosome
      M2 was present in the heterogeneous sensitive P388 parental line as well as the
      cloned sensitive line P388/4. Dose-survival studies showed that D0, the dose of
      Adriamycin reducing survival to 1/e (i.e., 37% of the initial population), was 33
      +/- 5 (SE) nM for sensitive P388/4 cells, 169 +/- 17 nM for resistant P388/ADR/3
      cells, and 336 +/- 28 nM for the more resistant P388/ADR/7 cells. Drug uptake in
      sensitive P388/4 cells was 1.6-fold greater than in resistant P388/ADR/3 cells
      and 2.1-fold greater than in resistant P388/ADR/7 cells. The number of DNA single
      strand breaks produced per microM Adriamycin was 131 +/- 9 rad equivalents in
      sensitive clone 4 cells, 41 +/- 8 rad equivalents in resistant clone 3 cells, and
      33 +/- 11 rad equivalents in resistant clone 7 cells. The number of DNA double
      strand breaks per microM Adriamycin was 1721 +/- 126 rad equivalents in sensitive
      cells, 117 +/- 36 rad equivalents in resistant P388/ADR/3 cells, and 194 +/- 16
      rad equivalents in resistant P388/ADR/7 cells. Differences in drug uptake were
      insufficient to explain the higher incidence of DNA single- and double-strand
      breaks in sensitive cells. These findings strongly support the concept that
      resistance to Adriamycin in P388 leukemia cells is multifactorial; however, this
      study did not resolve whether these changes arise from a single pleiotropic
      mutation or from multiple mutations. In sensitive P388/4 cells the number of DNA
      single-strand breaks formed could all be attributed to double-strand breaks.
      However, in both resistant cell lines the level of induction of single-strand
      breaks was in excess of that due to double-strand breaks, and this excess of
      single-strand breaks appeared to vary directly with the degree of resistance,
      being greater in the more resistant clone 7 cells than in the less resistant
      clone 3 cells. In both sensitive and resistant cell lines the ratio of true
      single- to double-strand breaks varied inversely with the concentration of
      Adriamycin. Finally, the cytotoxic activity of Adriamycin appeared to correlate
      more closely with formation of DNA double-strand breaks than with single-strand
      lesions.

PMID- 3698021
TI  - Carcinogenesis in heterotopic respiratory epithelium in canine subcutaneous
      bronchial autografts.
AB  - Short bronchial segments obtained by pneumonectomy were implanted, 9-12 per dog,
      in the subcutaneous tissues of the back of seven dogs. These subcutaneous
      bronchial autografts (SBA) became vascularized, and they contained viable,
      histologically normal respiratory epithelium 4 wk after implantation. From 1-3 mo
      after implantation, 10% methylcholanthrene in steroid suspension medium was
      instilled into 21 SBAs, and 10% methylcholanthrene in a silicone polymer
      sustained release implant was placed in 22 SBAs. Ten SBAs were left carcinogen
      free as controls. SBA contents were examined cytologically at 3-mo intervals.
      Biopsies were done from 2-32 mo after carcinogen implantation. Progressive
      preneoplastic changes were noted in all five dogs which received carcinogen.
      Curetments of five SBAs after 14-mo exposure to methylcholanthrene yielded 10(4)
      10(5) cells from each SBA; 40-70% of the cells obtained were at the same stage of
      atypical squamous metaplasia. At least one SBA in each dog yielded cancer cells
      by cytological criteria by 19-29 mo after instillation. Biopsy of a grossly
      abnormal SBA revealed well-differentiated epidermoid carcinoma at 32 mo. The
      multiple SBA method provides isolated portions of canine respiratory epithelium
      for the study of chemical carcinogenesis and for the production of sizable
      preneoplastic cell populations.

PMID- 3698022
TI  - Substrates for protein kinase C in cytosol of EL4 mouse thymoma cells.
AB  - Phorbol esters trigger production of interleukin 2 by EL4 thymoma cells via an
      interaction with specific receptors, now considered to be identical with protein
      kinase C. Several in vitro substrates for protein kinase C were characterized by
      incubating cytosol from phorbol ester-responsive and -nonresponsive cells with
      [32P]adenosine triphosphate and CaCl2 with or without phosphatidylserine and
      diolein and separating proteins by gel electrophoresis. Phosphorylation of these
      proteins was calcium dependent in the range of 1-100 microM and stimulated by 10
      150 micrograms of phosphatidylserine per ml. Calcium concentrations above 500
      microM inhibited 32P incorporation and decreased phospholipid stimulation.
      Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate stimulated phosphorylation of these proteins,
      with a maximal concentration of 10 nM, providing strong evidence that these are
      protein kinase C substrates. The substrates for protein kinase C coeluted with
      the enzyme after binding to a phosphatidylserine affinity column in a calcium
      dependent manner. Molecular weights of the protein kinase C substrates in
      sensitive cell cytosol were approximately 92,000, 84,000, 70,000, 67,000, 53,000,
      45,000, 40,000, 36,000, and 20,000. A similar EL4 line which has phorbol ester
      receptors and protein kinase C, but does not produce interleukin 2 in response to
      phorbol esters, lacked the Mr 45,000 substrate and often also lacked the Mr
      40,000 and 36,000 substrates. These proteins were also analyzed by two
      dimensional electrophoresis. These results provide evidence of differences in the
      two cell lines in the ability of some proteins to serve as substrates for protein
      kinase C. Four proteins in a highly purified preparation of protein kinase C, at
      molecular weights of 66,000, 74,000, and 78,000 (all with pI 6.5-7.1) and of
      62,000 (pI 6.2-6.4), were protein kinase C substrates, one of which is probably
      protein kinase C.

PMID- 3698023
TI  - 32P-postlabeling assay in mice of transplacental DNA damage induced by the
      environmental carcinogens safrole, 4-aminobiphenyl, and benzo(a)pyrene.
AB  - Transplacental exposure of fetuses to carcinogens is known to induce tumors in
      the offspring, often with a high incidence and short latency. While covalent
      adduction of DNA appears to be essential for tumor initiation, little is known
      about the binding of carcinogens to the DNA of fetal tissues. A sensitive 32P
      postlabeling method enabled us to study the binding of the environmental
      carcinogens safrole (600 mumol/kg p.o.), 4-aminobiphenyl (800 mumol/kg), and
      benzo(a)pyrene (200 mumol/kg) to the DNA of various maternal and fetal tissues
      after administration of test carcinogens to pregnant ICR mice on day 18 of
      gestation. The results show that these carcinogens bound to the DNA of maternal
      and fetal liver, lung, kidney, heart, brain, intestine, skin, maternal uterus,
      and placenta, with organ-specific quantitative and qualitative differences. It
      was possible for the first time to analyze DNA adduct patterns in minute amounts
      of tissue, for example those available from fetal heart. The covalent binding
      index (mumol adducted nucleotides per mol of DNA nucleotides/mumol carcinogen
      administered per g body weight) 24 h after safrole treatment was estimated for
      the different organs and ranged from 0.1 to 247 and 0.1 to 5.8 for maternal and
      fetal DNA, respectively. Covalent binding index values of 0.2 to 13 and 0.1 to
      0.3 for maternal and fetal DNA, respectively, were found for 4-aminobiphenyl.
      Benzo(a)pyrene treatment yielded covalent binding index values of 0.6 to 6.5 and
      0.3 to 0.7 for maternal and fetal DNA, respectively. In both maternal and fetal
      tissues, safrole exhibited preferential binding to liver DNA. 4-Aminobiphenyl
      bound preferentially to DNA of maternal liver and kidney but showed no preference
      among fetal tissues. Benzo(a)pyrene exhibited weak tissue preference in both
      maternal and fetal organs. For all of the compounds studied, the fetal adduct
      levels were generally lower than the corresponding maternal adduct levels,
      especially when the level of maternal adduction was high. The major finding was
      that several carcinogens of diverse structure or their metabolites readily
      crossed the placenta and gave rise to DNA adducts in fetal organs. The resulting
      DNA damage in rapidly proliferating tissues may play a critical role in
      transplacental carcinogenesis.

PMID- 3698024
TI  - Evidence that a slowly cycling subpopulation of adult murine epidermal cells
      retains carcinogen.
AB  - The distribution and persistence of radioactively labeled benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P]
      in the skin of adult female SENCAR mice were investigated by autoradiography of
      epidermal whole mounts and cross-sections at intervals following a single
      initiating application of 200 nmol of either [3H]B(a)P (2 mCi) or [14C]B(a)P (23
      muCi). One day after treatment, the entire thickness of the skin was labeled; the
      grain density was greatest over hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and
      interfollicular epidermis. At 1 and 2 weeks, decreases in the nuclear grain
      density were consistent with the overall pattern of epidermal renewal. One month
      after treatment, carcinogen label-retaining cells made up approximately 2% of the
      interfollicular basal cells. They were also present in the hair follicles,
      approximately 4 and 5% of basal cells in the infundibulum and external root
      sheath, respectively. They were rare in the germ region and dermal papilla.
      Carcinogen label-retaining cells were compared with slowly cycling [3H]thymidine
      label-retaining cells and "maturing" basal cells, two distinct proliferative
      subsets of adult murine epidermis. Carcinogen label-retaining cells were found to
      have characteristics of the slowly cycling cells: (a) most of the carcinogen
      labeled nuclei were found in the central regions of the epidermal proliferative
      units; (b) treatment of the carcinogen label-retaining cells with 2 micrograms of
      12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate elicited labeled mitoses within 1 day, and a
      general decrease in grain density over basal nuclei. In contrast, maturing basal
      cells 4 days after a single injection of [3H]thymidine were found at the
      periphery of the epidermal proliferative units. Within 1 day after treatment with
      2 micrograms of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, maturing basal cells were
      displaced to the suprabasal layers. Double isotope-double emulsion
      autoradiographs demonstrated doubly labeled cells 1 month after continuous
      labeling with [3H]thymidine and [14C]B(a)P and provide evidence that the
      radioactive carcinogen is retained by the slowly cycling [3H]thymidine label
      retaining cells. These observations suggest that a slowly cycling population of
      epidermal cells may be relevant to the initiation phase of two-stage
      carcinogenesis.

PMID- 3698025
TI  - Clearing and release of basement membrane proteins from substrates by metastatic
      tumor cell variants.
AB  - A variety of normal cells and tumor cell lines of differing metastatic potential
      were evaluated for their effect on various substrates consisting of purified
      preparations of the basement membrane-associated proteins fibronectin, laminin,
      and type IV collagen, which were labeled with tritium and/or rhodamine
      isothiocyanate. Different degrees of clearing or release of material from the
      substrate were observed, depending on the cell-protein combination. Normal
      fibroblasts as well as transformed cells and cells of low metastatic potential
      showed extensive clearing of surfaces coated with fibronectin, laminin, and type
      IV collagen. This clearing of protein began at sites of initial cell adhesion and
      was restricted to areas beneath and/or along the apparent paths of cell migration
      and beneath cellular processes. Covalent attachment of adhesion proteins to glass
      coverslips nearly eliminated clearing and release. Studies showed that a
      substantial amount of the fibronectin released from the substrate by HT-1080
      fibrosarcoma cells is due to proteolysis. Release and clearing of substratum
      attached protein is reduced by approximately 50% by antibodies specific for the
      protein on the substrate. Tumor cells with low metastatic potential were found to
      produce higher levels of clearing and release of protein adsorbed to the
      substrate than tumor cells with high metastatic potential. This was true for
      variants of the murine K-1735 melanoma and the UV-2237 fibrosarcoma with high and
      low metastatic capability on all three basement membrane-associated protein
      substrates. The differences in clearing and release between high and low
      metastatic cells were not due to differences in initial cell adhesion to the
      substrates but may be associated with differences in the affinity, type of cell
      substrate interactions, proteases, or other variables.

PMID- 3698026
TI  - Augmentation of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine resistance in human KB
      epidermoid carcinoma cells upon induction of a second resistance to vincristine.
AB  - Human KB epidermoid carcinoma cells (KB/p) and their variant cells (KB/ara-C)
      resistant to 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) that were not cross
      resistant to vincristine (VCR) were exposed to increasing concentrations of VCR
      to establish VCR resistant cells (KB/VCR) and doubly resistant variant cells
      (KB/ara-C/VCR). KB/VCR and KB/ara-C/VCR cells showed a similar increase in
      resistance to VCR (about 337- to 460-fold) over that of the parent KB/p cells.
      KB/ara-C showed a 911-fold increase in resistance to ara-C, while KB/ara-C/VCR
      showed a 60,837-fold increase in resistance to ara-C compared with the parent
      cells. The concentration of ara-C required for 50% inhibition of KB/ara-C/VCR
      cells was much higher (67-fold) than that for KB/ara-C cells, although the
      concentration of ara-C required for 50% inhibition of KB/VCR cells was 12-fold
      that for KB/p cells. Thus the acquisition of resistance to a second drug by these
      human KB cells augmented their resistance to the first drug. Induction of
      resistance to ara-C or VCR resulted in marked decrease in cellular uptake of the
      respective drugs, but there was no difference in cellular uptakes of ara-C by
      KB/ara-C and KB/ara-C/VCR or of VCR by KB/VCR and KB/ara-C/VCR. KB/VCR and KB/ara
      C/VCR cells were cross-resistant to vinblastine, colchicine, vindesine,
      etoposide, mitomycin C, and Adriamycin. Cells of the two groups (KB/p and KB/ara
      C; KB/VCR and KB/ara-C/VCR) differed in sizes and doubling times. In the absence
      of ara-C, the resistance of KB/ara-C cells to ara-C was stable for at least 1
      year, whereas in the absence of VCR resistance to VCR was almost completely lost
      within 1 month.

PMID- 3698027
TI  - Prolongation of fibroblast life span associated with epithelial rat tumor
      development.
AB  - We have examined the proliferative behavior in culture of stromal cells of
      fibroblast morphology taken from various stages in the development of
      experimentally induced epithelial tumors in the rat thyroid. In this model long
      term stimulation by an elevated level of serum thyroid stimulating hormone leads
      first to hyperplasia, then to multiple benign, and finally malignant tumors.
      Fibroblasts from hyperplastic glands, despite having already undergone more
      divisions in vivo, consistently showed a longer life span than normal fibroblasts
      in culture, averaging 16 compared with six divisions before senescing. In the
      three tumor bearing glands studied, all cultures have undergone more than 40
      divisions (in one case over 70) and none has yet shown signs of senescence. We
      conclude that the life span of thyroid fibroblasts observed in culture has been
      reset to a higher limit by growth stimulation in vivo and furthermore that this
      limit may be lost altogether in fibroblasts associated with epithelial tumors.

PMID- 3698028
TI  - Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of LM985 (flavone acetic acid ester).
AB  - We have conducted a Phase I and initial clinical pharmacological evaluation of
      LM985, the first of a series of compounds based on the flavone ring structure to
      be considered for clinical trial in malignant disease. The drug was administered
      i.v. to 26 patients with advanced cancer on an every-21-day schedule. Patients
      were treated at 14 dosage levels ranging from 10 to 1500 mg/m2. Dose limiting
      toxicity was identified as acute reversible hypotension occurring during drug
      infusion; no leukopenia, alopecia, hepatic toxicity, or renal toxicity was
      observed, but at the higher dose range, mild sedation was apparent. Twenty
      patients had measurable disease and were evaluable for response. One patient with
      colorectal carcinoma had stable disease after three courses of LM985; however, no
      other responses were seen. Pharmacokinetic and in vitro drug degradation studies
      imply that the ester LM985 is hydrolyzed to LM975 (flavone acetic acid) rapidly
      in vivo. LM975 is active in a variety of animal tumor models, but it does not
      have the cardiovascular side effects seen with LM985 (hypotension and
      bradycardia) in pithed or anesthetized rats. We would recommend that LM975 be
      considered for clinical trial, because it seems likely that substantially higher
      doses of LM975 than of LM985 can be given without dose limiting cardiovascular
      toxicity.

PMID- 3698029
TI  - Phase I evaluation and clinical pharmacology of tricyclic nucleoside 5'-phosphate
      using a weekly intravenous regimen.
AB  - Tricyclic nucleoside phosphate (TCN-P) was selected for clinical trials because
      of its unusual chemical structure and activity against L1210 murine leukemia and
      MX-1 mammary xenograft. Inhibiting DNA synthesis, TCN-P was more toxic during S
      phase of cell cycle. A phase I study was conducted in 24 patients with advanced
      solid cancers. The drug was given as a slow i.v. injection over 5 min on Days 1,
      8, 15, and 22 of a 42-day cycle with a 2-week rest. Five dose levels ranging from
      12 to 96 mg/m2 were studied with 3 to 12 patients treated at each level; a total
      of 106 doses was administered. The major hematological toxicity was
      thrombocytopenia, with a median nadir occurring at Day 34 of the cycle and first
      appearing at doses greater than 24 mg/m2. Anemia was seen at each dose level
      occurring between Days 8 and 34. Non-myelosuppressive toxic effects included
      stomatitis, anorexia, transient fever, nausea and vomiting, and dose-limiting
      hyperglycemia and diarrhea. The highest tolerated dose was 48 mg/m2. Plasma,
      pleural fluid, urine, and tissue samples were analyzed for TCN-P and tricyclic
      nucleoside (TCN) in selected patients by high-performance liquid chromatography.
      Plasma decay curves revealed extended retention of both TCN and TCN-P. Autopsy
      specimens obtained 61 days after therapy showed the highest residues of TCN-P in
      liver metastases and of TCN in gall bladder, bile, and pancreas. No drug was
      detected in urine samples of two patients. Prolonged retention and erratic plasma
      levels of the drug are probably due to extensive enterohepatic circulation, as
      well as repeated interconversion between TCN-P and TCN within cells. This weekly
      schedule produced unexpected clinical toxicity and should not be pursued.

PMID- 3698030
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of radiolabeled monoclonal antibody B6.2 in patients with
      metastatic breast cancer.
AB  - Thirteen patients with metastatic breast carcinoma were given injections of 50
      1593 micrograms of 131I-monoclonal antibody (MAb) B6.2 immunoglobulin G and
      F(ab')2 for pharmacokinetic evaluation and radioimmunoimaging. Blood clearance of
      the 131I-MAb-B6.2 was biphasic. The mean half-times (t 1/2 alpha, t 1/2 beta) for
      the immunoglobulin G were 3.5 +/- 1.7 and 20.9 +/- 11.0 h, respectively. The t
      1/2 alpha for the F(ab')2 was 1.7 +/- 1.3 h, and the t 1/2 beta was 31.0 +/- 5.7
      h. The percentage of protein bound 131I for the immunoglobulin G and for the
      F(ab')2 at 72 h was 73.7 +/- 11.4% and 58.2 +/- 14.5%, respectively. In vitro
      reactivity of MAb B6.2 with granulocytes isolated from normal subjects and
      patients was demonstrated by cytofluorometric and radioimmunoassays. MAb B6.2 was
      shown to bind with normal cross-reacting antigen, a cell surface antigen known to
      be expressed on normal human granulocytes. Reactivity with normal cross-reacting
      antigen on granulocytes is consistent with the skeletal images obtained during
      immunoscintigraphy of all 13 patients. A specific tumor image was observed in one
      patient. No toxicity was encountered. In spite of extensive preclinical data
      suggesting that 131I-MAb B6.2 would be a useful agent for radioimmunoimaging, the
      clinical utility of this reagent is probably limited because of the reactivity
      with granulocytes.

PMID- 3698031
TI  - Use of a monoclonal antibody to detect elevated levels of a modified nucleoside,
      N-[9-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)purin-6-ylcarbamoyl]-L-threonine, in the urine of
      breast cancer patients.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies to the modified nucleoside N-[9-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)purin
      6-ylcarbamoyl]-L-threonine (t6A) have been produced and characterized. These
      antibodies were utilized in a radioimmunoassay to quantitate the levels of this
      modified nucleoside in the urine of patients with benign breast disease, primary
      breast cancer, and metastatic breast cancer. Eighty-nine % (16 of 18) of patients
      with metastatic breast cancer excreted higher quantities of t6A than did patients
      with benign breast disease or primary breast cancer. This modified nucleoside
      represents a new, potential marker not previously included in similar studies
      using high-performance liquid chromatography. The immunoassay approach for
      quantitating this nucleoside has the advantage over high-performance liquid
      chromatography in that the former is more compatible with a clinical laboratory
      setting, and it does not require pretreatment of the urine or sophisticated
      analytical equipment. The elevation of t6A levels in metastatic breast cancer
      patients indicates that it may be a more sensitive marker than previously studied
      modified nucleosides. Furthermore, t6A might be particularly useful for
      monitoring transition to the metastatic stage in patients already diagnosed as
      having breast cancer.

PMID- 3698032
TI  - Plasma uridine changes in cancer patients treated with the combination of
      dipyridamole and N-phosphonacetyl-L-aspartate.
AB  - Dipyridamole (DP) and N-phosphonacetyl-L-aspartate (PALA) act synergistically in
      vitro against many cell lines and in vivo against human ovarian carcinoma
      xenografts. We have conducted a phase I clinical trial of DP p.o. (50 mg/m2,
      every 6 h) in combination with PALA (starting at 500 mg/m2 i.v. with 300-mg dose
      escalations). Sixty-five patients were entered into this study, and we have
      established the maximum tolerated dose of PALA to be 4.5 g/m2 when combined with
      DP, which is approximately 80% of the previously reported maximum tolerated dose
      for PALA alone. The observed toxicities of DP plus PALA were mild and were
      similar to those reported for PALA alone. Bone marrow toxicities were not evident
      at any PALA dose. Ten patients with a mean pretreatment plasma uridine
      concentration of 3.49 +/- 1.28 (SD) microM had their plasma uridine reduced to
      2.29 +/- 0.70 microM 9 h after DP p.o. A peak plasma DP concentration of 1.86 +/-
      0.99 microM was achieved approximately 2 h after p.o. dosing. Nine patients who
      had a reduced plasma uridine concentration of 2.46 +/- 0.61 microM after 1 week
      of DP had their plasma uridine further reduced by PALA to 0.87 +/- 0.23 microM 7
      h post-PALA. Daily plasma uridine measurements in two patients during their DP
      treatment confirmed the previously described pattern for Day 1, but the data
      suggest a slight recovery (15%) in plasma uridine by Day 2. Daily sampling in two
      other patients after a single PALA dose of 4.2 g/m2 showed that their plasma
      uridine declined 5 h after the PALA dose and remained depressed for 6 days in one
      patient and 11 days in the other. These results suggest that DP worked in synergy
      with PALA to lower circulating uridine in cancer patients. The mechanism for the
      ability of DP to reduce plasma uridine is not known, but there is evidence that
      DP can inhibit cellular efflux of uridine as well as its uptake. DP may reduce
      plasma nucleoside pools in addition to blocking nucleoside salvage and therefore
      have general applicability in other chemotherapy regimens.

PMID- 3698034
TI  - Role of tumor-associated macrophages in lung cancer.
AB  - The percentage of tumor-associated macrophages recovered (TAMR) and antitumoral
      activity of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) were examined in 77 patients with
      resectable primary lung cancer. TAM was obtained by plastic adherence following
      trypsinization. TAMR increased from Stage I to Stage II and decreased in Stage
      III. It also increased in N1 as compared with N0 and N2 but was unrelated to
      tumor size. However, the cytostatic activity of TAM declined with advance in
      stage of the disease and an increase of tumor size, but it was relatively
      unaffected by the presence of metastasis to regional lymph nodes. There was no
      correlation between TAMR and the recurrence rate; however, cytostatic activity of
      TAM was correlated significantly with the prognosis of totally resected cases.
      TAMR and cytostatic activity of TAM tended to be lower in palliatively resected
      cases. These results suggest that the assessment of the antitumor activity of
      TAM, but not merely TAMR, may give prognostic information for lung cancer
      patients.

PMID- 3698033
TI  - Prognostic implications of ploidy and proliferative activity in diffuse large
      cell lymphomas.
AB  - Paraffin-embedded surgical biopsies from 50 patients with newly diagnosed diffuse
      large cell lymphoma (DLCL) were examined for proliferative activity and DNA
      aneuploidy by flow cytometry. These results were correlated with the clinical
      characteristics of these patients and the course of their disease. High
      proliferative activity, defined as less than 80% of cells in G0 or G1, was found
      to be the single most important pretreatment adverse prognostic factor in these
      patients. This relationship remained significant after correcting for poor
      performance status and advanced Ann Arbor stage, the other factors found to be
      associated with a shortened survival. DLCLs with high proliferative activity were
      more probable to present with extranodal involvement than those with lower
      proliferative activity. The mitotic count as determined by light microscopy did
      not correlate with flow cytometry-defined proliferative activity and may be a
      less accurate method for assessing this important biological characteristic in
      DLCL. DNA aneuploidy was detected in 62% of cases but did not appear to have any
      prognostic significance. Biopsies from patients who presented with lymphomatous
      bone marrow involvement, however, invariably demonstrated an aneuploid stemline.
      These results suggest that differences in proliferative activity may be an
      important biological basis for the variable prognosis seen in DLCL.

PMID- 3698036
TI  - Smoking and lung cancer: an overview.

PMID- 3698035
TI  - Significance of DNA abnormalities in primary malignant melanoma and nevi, a
      retrospective flow cytometric study.
AB  - DNA ploidy of melanocytic skin tumors from 87 patients (53 primary melanomas, 34
      nevi) was determined by flow cytometry from routinely prepared paraffin blocks.
      Ploidy data correlated strongly with conventional morphological parameters. Only
      1 of 34 nevi, but 13 of 53 melanomas were aneuploid. Among the melanomas, none of
      21 levels I-III melanomas was aneuploid, but 13 of 32 levels IV and V melanomas
      were aneuploid. There was also a significant correlation between increasing
      Breslow thickness and the presence of DNA aneuploidy. For 33 melanoma patients
      with over 2 yr of follow-up (average, 7.1 yr), only 4 of 23 diploid tumors have
      recurred, but 9 of 10 aneuploid tumors have recurred. We conclude that the
      biological potential of melanocytic skin tumors is strongly linked to DNA
      aneuploidy. Since this parameter can be conveniently determined from paraffin
      blocks, determination of ploidy abnormalities in these tumors may be clinically
      useful.

PMID- 3698037
TI  - I.v. melphalan in carcinoma of the lung: effect of cyclophosphamide priming on
      hematopoietic toxicity.
AB  - Thirty-six patients with lung cancer, 24 with prior chemotherapy and 12 without
      prior chemotherapy, received iv melphalan at doses ranging from 20 to 40 mg/m2 of
      body surface area. Patients who showed moderate myelosuppression and remained in
      the study were also investigated to determine if cyclophosphamide (300 mg/m2)
      administered 1 week before the identical dose of i.v. melphalan modified the
      hematopoietic toxicity of melphalan (cyclophosphamide priming). In this study,
      the activity of melphalan was minimal, four minor responses with no partial or
      complete responses. Three of these minor responses were in previously untreated
      patients. The major toxicity was hematopoietic and the maximum tolerated i.v.
      dose was 20 mg/m2 in the patients previously treated with chemotherapy and 30
      mg/m2 in those without prior chemotherapy. Cyclophosphamide priming did not
      reduce the myeloid toxicity. Myelosuppression was more severe in the course that
      included cyclophosphamide. Recovery, however, appeared to be similar in both
      courses. I.v. melphalan at these doses has minimal activity in lung cancer.
      Cyclophosphamide administered 1 week before i.v. melphalan does not decrease the
      myelosuppression but should be investigated further for its effect on the rate of
      wbc and neutrophil count recovery.

PMID- 3698038
TI  - Cisplatin and 5-FU infusion chemotherapy in advanced, recurrent cancer of the
      head and neck: an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Pilot Study.
AB  - Thirty-four patients with advanced, recurrent head and neck cancer were treated
      with cisplatin (100 mg/m2 on Day 1) and continuous-infusion 5-FU (1.0 g/m2/24
      hours on Days 1-5) every 3-4 weeks. All but one patient had failed prior
      radiation therapy or surgery; 27 had failed both. Two patients were not evaluable
      for response because of death within the first 2 weeks from unrelated heart
      disease. Among 30 patients with squamous cell carcinoma, five achieved complete
      response (CR) (17%) and 13 achieved partial response (PR) (43%). Durations of
      response for patients with a CR and PR were 10.4 and 3.1 months, respectively.
      Median time to disease progression for all patients was 4.5 months and median
      survival was 9.1 months. Median survival times for all responders and for
      complete responders and partial responders were 12.5, 14.2, and 10 months,
      respectively. One additional patient with an adenocarcinoma failed to respond,
      while a second with an adenoid cystic carcinoma achieved a PR for 3.4 months.
      Toxicity was moderate: seven patients experienced Eastern Cooperative Oncology
      Group grade 3 mucositis, and 11 patients had grade 3-4 hematologic toxicity.
      There was one treatment-related death due to nephrotoxicity. This study supports
      other studies that show a relatively high degree of activity of cisplatin and
      continuous-infusion 5-FU in advanced head and neck cancer.

PMID- 3698039
TI  - Combination chemotherapy of cisplatin and 5-FU in advanced colorectal carcinoma.
AB  - Thirty-two patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma were treated with
      cisplatin (100 mg/m2) by infusion over 24 hours on Day 1 and 5-FU (1000
      mg/m2/day) by infusion over 24 hours on Days 2-6 every 28 days. Ten of the 32
      patients had received prior chemotherapy consisting of either 5-FU alone or 5-FU
      combination regimens. Objective response was observed in 13 patients (two
      complete and 11 partial responses). Another 11 patients had stabilization of
      disease. The overall median survival time in this study was 9.53 months. Toxicity
      was generally mild and tolerable. The response rate found in this study indicated
      that continuous infusion of cisplatin-5-FU administered at this dose and schedule
      was moderately active in advanced colorectal carcinoma.

PMID- 3698040
TI  - Trial of droperidol as an antiemetic in cisplatin chemotherapy.
AB  - A trial of droperidol as an antiemetic was undertaken during 48 courses of
      cisplatin chemotherapy in 31 patients with cancer. The optimal loading dose was
      10 mg iv, with a maintenance dose of 4 mg iv every 2 hours for four additional
      doses. Beyond this level, cardiovascular side effects became problematic.

PMID- 3698041
TI  - Alpha-2-interferon/melphalan/prednisone in previously untreated patients with
      multiple myeloma: a phase I-II trial.
AB  - Alpha-2-interferon (IFN) has demonstrable activity in advanced, relapsing, or
      refractory multiple myeloma. Because of the in vitro synergism between the IFNs
      and cytotoxic agents, we conducted a trial of 30 previously untreated patients
      with multiple myeloma utilizing various doses of alpha-2-IFN in combination with
      standard oral doses of melphalan and prednisone. The combination was well
      tolerated without unusual or unexpected toxic effects. The limiting toxicity
      included dose-related myelosuppression, and alpha-2-IFN induced flu-like symptoms
      and fatigue. Response was seen in at least as many patients as would be expected
      with melphalan and prednisone alone. The maximal tolerated dose for a phase II
      III trial was 5.0 X 10(6) IU/m2 of alpha-2-IFN in combination with standard doses
      of melphalan and prednisone. Future trials should utilize this dose of alpha-2
      IFN with dose de-escalation according to tolerance.

PMID- 3698042
TI  - Toxicity of doxorubicin metabolites to human marrow erythroid and myeloid
      progenitors in vitro.
AB  - Doxorubicin and five synthesized metabolites (doxorubicinol, doxorubicin
      aglycone, doxorubicinol aglycone, 7-deoxydoxorubicin aglycone, and 7
      deoxydoxorubicinol aglycone) were evaluated in vitro for their cytotoxic effect
      on human marrow erythroid burst- and granulocytic-monocytic colony-forming units
      (BFU-E, CFU-GM). The IC50 for doxorubicin was 0.39 +/- 0.099 micron and for
      doxorubicinol was 4.6 +/- 0.63 micron. There was no difference in cytotoxicity
      for BFU-E or CFU-GM. Incubation with aglycones in concentrations as high as 5.8
      micron and prolongation of incubation time for as long as 3 hours had no effect
      on the growth of BFU-E and CFU-GM in vitro. We conclude that aglycones are not
      toxic to human marrow erythroid and myeloid progenitors in vitro and do not have
      a role in the development of doxorubicin-induced myelotoxicity. The mechanism of
      the lack of cytotoxicity remains unclear.

PMID- 3698044
TI  - Enhanced effect of systemic cyclophosphamide by local tumor hyperthermia in mice.
AB  - The influence of combined chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, 25 mg/kg) and local
      tumor hyperthermia (42.5 degrees C for 30 minutes) followed by amputation was
      studied on a metastatic tumor model (Lewis lung carcinoma) injected into the
      footpad of BDF1 mice. The tumor was found to be sensitive to heat treatment.
      Neither local tumor heating nor chemotherapy improved life span when "singly"
      combined with later surgery. However, combined chemotherapy and local tumor
      heating followed by later surgical removal of residual tumor did show a
      significant improvement of survival (P less than 0.01). Possible explanations are
      commented on.

PMID- 3698043
TI  - Mechanism of activation of triciribine phosphate (TCN-P) as a prodrug form of
      TCN.
AB  - The tricyclic nucleotide triciribine phosphate (TCN-P) was synthesized as a water
      soluble derivative of the tricyclic nucleoside TCN (L. B. Townsend et al, INSERM
      81:37, 1978). Growth of L1210 cells in vitro was inhibited equally by TCN and TCN
      P. A requirement for adenosine kinase activity for activation of both TCN and TCN
      P was established by the observation that growth inhibition by either compound
      was decreased 200-fold by the adenosine kinase inhibitor 5-iodotubercidin and
      greater than 5000-fold in L1210/T, an adenosine kinase-deficient subline. The
      TCN/TCN-P resistance of L1210/T cells was correlated with lack of formation of
      intracellular TCN-P from either TCN or TCN-P. Thus, it appeared that TCN-P was
      hydrolyzed to TCN and then rephosphorylated intracellularly. Both the horse serum
      containing culture medium and the intact cells possessed nucleotide phosphatase
      activity, which may contribute to the hydrolysis of TCN-P to TCN in the L1210
      cell cultures. The requirement for hydrolysis of TCN-P to TCN for formation of
      intracellular TCN-P from exogenous TCN-P was also shown directly by the
      observation that human erythrocytes, which lack ectophosphatases, readily formed
      intracellular TCN-P from TCN but not from TCN-P when incubated in buffer.

PMID- 3698045
TI  - Mitomycin, doxorubicin, and vinblastine as second-line chemotherapy in patients
      with advanced breast cancer.
AB  - Thirty-seven patients with disseminated breast cancer refractory to previous
      therapy were treated with a combination of mitomycin, doxorubicin, and
      vinblastine (MAV). One complete and eight partial responses were achieved, with
      an overall response rate of 24.3%. The median duration of response was 5+ months.
      The MAV regimen had generally moderate but acceptable toxicity. This study
      indicates that the MAV combination is no better than doxorubicin given as a
      single agent.

PMID- 3698046
TI  - Protracted low-dose cisplatin infusion in advanced colorectal cancer.
AB  - Protracted, 24-hour, continuous-infusion cisplatin at a dose rate of 5 mg/m2/day
      was administered to 25 patients with advanced measurable colorectal cancer. All
      patients had previously received 5-FU administered on the same schedule. Sixteen
      patients received the infusion for greater than or equal to 14 days and were
      considered evaluable for response assessment. No patient achieved a response.

PMID- 3698047
TI  - Mitoxantrone and advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix: a Southwest
      Oncology Group Study.

PMID- 3698048
TI  - Mitoguazone in advanced squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck origin: a phase
      II trial of the Southeastern Cancer Study Group.

PMID- 3698049
TI  - Phase II study of mitoguazone in pancreatic cancer: a Southwest Oncology Group
      Study.

PMID- 3698050
TI  - Phase II evaluation of mitoguazone in cancers of the esophagus, stomach, and
      pancreas: a Southeastern Cancer Study Group Trial.

PMID- 3698051
TI  - Prednimustine in elderly patients with multiple myeloma: a phase II study.

PMID- 3698052
TI  - Bisantrene in non-small cell lung cancer: a phase II trial of the Cancer and
      Leukemia Group B.

PMID- 3698053
TI  - Phase II evaluation of weekly cisplatin in metastatic hormone-resistant prostate
      cancer: a Southeastern Cancer Study Group Trial.

PMID- 3698054
TI  - Nephrotic syndrome after cisplatin plus cyclophosphamide for ovarian carcinoma.

PMID- 3698055
TI  - Q-T interval prolongation and ventricular fibrillation with i.v. domperidone.

PMID- 3698056
TI  - Structures of the carbohydrate moiety attached to one site in the first domain of
      turkey ovomucoid: elucidation by 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy.
AB  - 1H-N.m.r. spectroscopy was used to elucidate the primary structures of the
      carbohydrate moiety attached to asparagine at residue 53 in the first domain of
      turkey ovomucoid, a serine proteinase inhibitor. The carbohydrate moiety is a
      heterogeneous mixture of three structurally closely related complex-type
      oligosaccharides. Of the total carbohydrate moiety, 61% is tetra-antennary with
      terminal galactose and with an intersecting N-acetylglucosamine, and containing
      an additional N-acetylglucosamine (10') attached to mannose (4'). Another 23% is
      tri-antennary with terminal galactose and with an intersecting N
      acetylglucosamine. The remaining 16% is tri-antennary with terminal galactose (6
      and 8 only), with an intersecting N-acetylglucosamine.

PMID- 3698057
TI  - Structural differences of dermatan sulfates from different origins.
AB  - The dermatan sulfates from hog, rat, rabbit, and beef liver, hog, rat, beef, and
      dog spleen, and hog skin were isolated and submitted to structural analysis. All
      of them migrated as single bands, close to the standard position for dermatan
      sulfate in agarose-gel electrophoresis. In polyacrylamide gel, however, each
      dermatan sulfate showed a characteristic electrophoretic migration-pattern: one,
      two, or three polydisperse bands, corresponding to different molecular weights,
      were obtained for the dermatan sulfates according to their origins. Chemical
      analysis showed that all of the dermatan sulfates here described are hybrid
      polymers composed of D-glucuronic and L-iduronic acid-containing disaccharide
      units. The relative position of these units in the polymer chains and the
      presence of 6-sulfated disaccharides were determined with the aid of
      chondroitinases B and AC from Flavobacterium heparinum. These studies show that
      each dermatan sulfate has a unique structure as regards the molecular weight, the
      presence of 6-sulfated disaccharide units, and also the relative amount and
      position of glucuronic and iduronic acid residues in the chains. These findings
      suggests a tissue- and species-specificity for the dermatan sulfates.

PMID- 3698058
TI  - Optimization and limitations of systemic treatment of murine melanoma metastases
      with liposomes containing muramyl tripeptide phosphatidylethanolamine.
AB  - The purpose of these studies was to determine the optimal conditions and
      limitations for the eradication of spontaneous melanoma metastases by the
      systemic administration of liposomes containing MTP-PE. Mice whose primary
      melanoma had been excised were given i.v. injections of liposomes at various
      schedules. Optimal treatment was achieved by twice weekly administration for 4
      weeks (eight i.v. injections). Bioassays failed to reveal the presence of
      melanoma cells in lungs of mice surviving to day 250 of the experiment. The
      success of liposome treatment of metastases diminished when the first i.v.
      injection of liposomes-MTP-PE commenced on day 10 after surgical excision of the
      local melanoma, as compared with day 3 or day 7 after surgery. We conclude that
      the major limitation for macrophage-mediated destruction of metastases is the
      number of tumor cells in the lesions. Because of this limitation, it is unlikely
      that the systemic activation of macrophages could be used as a single modality
      for treatment of advanced metastases.

PMID- 3698059
TI  - Distribution of intact and Fab2(1) fragments of anti-human chorionic
      gonadotrophin antibodies in nude mice bearing human choriocarcinoma xenografts.
AB  - A direct comparative study of the distribution of intact and Fab2(1) fragments of
      mouse monoclonal anti-human chorionic gonadotrophin antibody, W14A, in nude mice
      bearing a human choriocarcinoma xenograft, indicates that the tumour:blood ratio
      is generally improved with fragments. Some parameters which may determine the
      distribution are outlined.

PMID- 3698060
TI  - Diagnosis and therapy of headache.

PMID- 3698061
TI  - Effects of oral potassium supplements on upper gastrointestinal mucosa:
      multicenter clinical comparison of three formulations and placebo.
AB  - In a carefully controlled multicenter investigation of the effects of oral
      potassium chloride (KCl) supplements on the gastrointestinal mucosa, 120 healthy
      men with no endoscopically apparent gastrointestinal lesions were confined to a
      research ward for 18 days. By random assignment, they were given 60 mEq/day (20
      mEq TID) of KCl as either a microencapsulated gelatin capsule, a wax/polymer
      matrix tablet, or a powder-in-liquid formulation or a placebo capsule for two
      weeks. All subjects were given glycopyrrolate concomitantly to delay gastric
      emptying. After treatment was completed, endoscopic examinations of the
      esophagus, stomach, and duodenum were performed and evaluated by specialists
      blinded to the particular treatment given. Mild to moderate gastrointestinal
      irritation, characterized by erythema and edema, was found with similar frequency
      in all four treatment groups. Two of 30 subjects given the microencapsulated KCl
      had a single erosion each. Single or multiple erosions were also observed in
      14/30 men given the wax/polymer matrix tablet, in 7/30 given the powder, and in
      1/30 given placebo. One subject given the wax/polymer matrix tablet had a gastric
      ulcer. The incidence of gastrointestinal injury with the microencapsulated form
      was significantly less (P less than 0.01) than that with the wax/polymer matrix
      tablet and was not significantly different from that seen with either the powder
      or placebo.

PMID- 3698063
TI  - Rociverine for nocturia in the elderly.
AB  - Forty inpatient men and women, between 50 and 80 years of age, with nocturia due
      to bladder instability, resorption of postural edema, or senile involution were
      admitted to a clinical trial designed to test the possibility of reducing or
      eliminating nocturnal voidings by means of a single evening dose of rociverine or
      flavoxate. This six-day crossover trial was divided into three periods of two
      days each: pretrial, treatment with one drug, and treatment with the other drug.
      Either 20 mg of rociverine or 200 mg of flavoxate was given at 8 PM in randomized
      sequence. For each night of the study, the following data were recorded: interval
      between drug administration and first voiding, volume of first voiding, total
      volume of nocturnal urine, total volume of nocturnal urine plus volume of urine
      passed on waking, and total number of nocturnal voidings. The outcome was a
      significant reduction of the number of nocturnal voidings together with a marked
      lengthening of the interval between drug administration and first voiding, with
      no noteworthy differences between the two drugs. Considering the efficacy of
      rociverine and, even more important, the excellent tolerance of elderly patients
      to the drug, further study of rociverine in nocturia and in urinary incontinence
      seems indicated.

PMID- 3698062
TI  - Efficacy of diflunisal versus acetaminophen with codeine in controlling mild to
      moderate pain after arthroscopy.
AB  - An open, randomized clinical study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of
      diflunisal versus acetaminophen with codeine in patients who underwent outpatient
      arthroscopy of the knee. Twenty patients were randomly assigned to each treatment
      group. Nineteen patients in each group successfully completed the study, which
      consisted of both objective and subjective evaluations. The results showed equal
      efficacy between the two drugs. However, a larger percentage of patients viewed
      diflunisal as providing good to excellent results overall compared with
      acetaminophen with codeine.

PMID- 3698064
TI  - Serum drug fluctuations after administration of two sustained-release oral
      theophylline preparations in asthmatic children.
AB  - Serum theophylline levels produced by two bands of sustained-release theophylline
      tablets, TheoDur and Respbid, were compared in a double-blind crossover study in
      13 asthmatic children. The children, aged 9 to 17 years, remained involved in
      their daily school activities throughout the study. Each patient took 250 mg
      every 12 hours of one brand of anhydrous theophylline for five days and the other
      preparation for the remaining five days of the ten-day study. Trough and peak
      theophylline levels at steady state were measured on the fifth and tenth days of
      the study. Results indicated no significant differences between peak and trough
      with either preparation and no difference between the two preparations in mean
      theophylline concentrations.

PMID- 3698065
TI  - One-day treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis with a 500-mg clotrimazole vaginal
      tablet compared with a three-day regimen of two 100-mg vaginal tablets daily.
AB  - In a randomized, double-blind trial, the efficacy and safety of a new single-dose
      clotrimazole vaginal tablet were compared with that of three-day clotrimazole
      therapy. Forty-two patients with clinically and mycologically confirmed vulvo
      vaginal candidiasis received either one 500-mg clotrimazole tablet for one day or
      two 100-mg tablets daily for three days. Follow-up visits were performed
      approximately one week and one month after treatment. Thirty-six patients were
      evaluated for drug efficacy. There was no significant difference in clinical and
      mycological responses to the two regimens (P = 1.00, Fisher's exact test). At the
      final visit, 16 (89%) of the 18 patients receiving one-day treatment showed
      mycological and clinical clearance of infection, as compared to 15 (83%) of the
      18 patients receiving three-day therapy. One patient in the three-day treatment
      group presented moderate edema of the vulva which was judged to be remotely
      related to treatment. The findings indicate that a single 500-mg tablet of
      clotrimazole is as effective and safe in the treatment of vulvovaginal
      candidiasis as a three-day course of 200 mg/day.

PMID- 3698066
TI  - Double-blind comparison of ketoprofen and placebo in the treatment of sprains and
      strains.
AB  - Sixty patients (42 men and 18 women between the ages of 18 and 37 years) with
      grade 2 or grade 3 sprains or elongations participated in a seven-day double
      blind study. By random determination, they were treated with either 100 mg of
      ketoprofen or placebo TID. Pain evaluation, vital signs, concomitant medication,
      and side effects were determined on days 1,3, and 7. Compared with placebo,
      ketoprofen produced statistically significant reductions (P less than 0.05) in
      investigator-rated pain at rest (day 3), on palpation (days 1, 3, and 7), on
      motion (days 1 and 3), and on the subject-rated analog scale (days 1 and 3). It
      also achieved a greater relief of pain (days 1 and 3) and greater overall
      efficacy, as expressed by the statistically significant improvements in the total
      pain scores on motion and on palpation, on the total pain relief score, on the
      total pain analog score, and on the sum of pain intensity differences for pain at
      rest, on palpation, and on motion. Tolerance to the seven-day ketoprofen
      treatment was excellent. Results from the study indicate that ketoprofen is
      efficacious in relieving pain following sprains and strains.

PMID- 3698067
TI  - Effects of diltiazem on PR intervals in healthy young adults.
AB  - The effects of diltiazem on atrioventricular conduction were evaluated in 20
      healthy young men. PR intervals of surface ECG were used as markers of
      atrioventricular conduction. Two hours after the oral administration of 60 mg of
      diltiazem, the PR interval was prolonged by 30 msec or more (range, 30 to 160
      msec) in four subjects, all of whom had long PR intervals (200 to 230 msec)
      before receiving diltiazem. Changes in the axis of the P wave suggesting the
      shift of pacemaker from sinus to atrium were observed in one subject, who was
      excluded from the analysis of PR intervals. The remaining 15 subjects showed no
      statistically significant changes in PR intervals. None of these 15 subjects had
      abnormally prolonged PR intervals before taking diltiazem. A significant
      correlation between PR interval at baseline and the degree of its prolongation by
      diltiazem was observed. Plasma concentrations of diltiazem ranged from 16.3 to
      80.5 ng/ml (mean +/- SD, 29.7 +/- 14.2 ng/ml) two hours after drug administration
      and did not correlate with changes in PR intervals. The heart rate did not change
      after diltiazem administration, even in five subjects with sinus bradycardia. We
      conclude that diltiazem may delay atrioventricular conduction in healthy young
      adults with long PR intervals.

PMID- 3698068
TI  - Airflows after inhalation of terbutaline sulphate aerosol from a 750-ml spacer
      for four weeks.
AB  - Terbutaline sulphate was administered to 40 adult asthmatic patients via an
      ordinary metered-dose inhaler (MDI) or one connected to a 750-ml spacer in an
      open, randomized, crossover study. Spirometry was obtained before the start of
      the study and again after four weeks of treatment with each inhaler. The patients
      recorded on a diary card the severity of their asthma symptoms and the peak
      expiratory flow rate (PEFR) in the morning before and after drug administration
      and in the evening. Preinhalation spirometric values were higher after four weeks
      with the 750-ml spacer than at the start of the study (P less than or equal to
      0.05). Daily morning and evening PEFR values were higher after use of the 750-ml
      spacer than after use of the ordinary MDI (P less than 0.05). Daily symptom
      scores were generally low. A significantly better effect (P less than or equal to
      0.05) with the 750-ml spacer was achieved only in daytime dyspnea. The
      investigators conclude that the attachment of a 750-ml spacer to an ordinary
      metered-dose inhaler can improve the efficacy of terbutaline sulphate in the long
      term treatment of asthma.

PMID- 3698069
TI  - Urinary response to oral potassium citrate therapy for urolithiasis in a private
      practice setting.
AB  - Oral potassium citrate therapy was recently approved for treatment of
      urolithiasis based on results of experiments in a university research setting.
      However, no supporting studies from private practice have been published. The
      present study was undertaken to assess the response to one week of oral potassium
      citrate therapy (60 mEq/day), with respect to urinary risk factors for kidney
      stones, in a private practice setting. A significant rise in urinary pH, citrate,
      and potassium excretion, accompanying a significant fall in calcium excretion,
      were observed. Urinary saturation of calcium oxalate was significantly reduced,
      as some risk factors in urolithiasis were corrected with oral potassium citrate
      therapy. The response to therapy in private practice was comparable to that
      observed in a university research setting.

PMID- 3698070
TI  - Multi-type Galton-Watson process as a model for proliferating human tumour cell
      populations derived from stem cells: estimation of stem cell self-renewal
      probabilities in human ovarian carcinomas.
AB  - A mathematical model for proliferation of tumour cell populations is developed.
      The cell population is assumed to be organized in a hierarchy of decreasing
      proliferative potential and increasing degree of differentiation. Using some
      elements of the theory of Multi-type Galton-Watson processes, a method is
      proposed for the estimation of Psr, the probability of self-renewal of tumour
      stem cells, from the experimental distribution of clonal unit sizes obtained in
      cell culture studies. Six data sets from patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of
      the ovary are used to demonstrate the method. Reasonable estimates are obtained,
      and the theoretical colony size distributions predicted by the model appear to be
      in good qualitative agreement with the experimental ones, and lend support to a
      stem cell model of tumour growth. The possible significance of Psr as a
      prognostic factor is briefly discussed.

PMID- 3698071
TI  - Growth regulation in multilayered cultures of human diploid fibroblasts: the
      roles of contact, movement and matrix production.
AB  - Early subcultures of human embryonic lung fibroblasts are exceptional, as they
      grow far beyond confluence before growth ceases: the stationary dish may well
      contain 3-10 monolayer equivalents. Maximal growth rates, however, occur at about
      one-sixth confluence when doubling times are 15-20 hr; a density at which cell
      contacts begin to become frequent. The fact that a slowing down of growth is
      first apparent at such low densities argues against this regulation being due to
      diffusion effects. Confirmation of the role of short-range or contact
      interactions in growth regulation comes from an experiment using mixed cultures
      of fibroblasts: this shows that growth inhibition is not carried by medium-borne
      influences but depends on short-range (less than 1 mm) interactions. Evidence
      that cells can escape the effects of such contact interactions and so divide
      comes from time-lapse studies of dense cultures: there is a burst of motility
      soon after a fresh-medium change, which is followed by a burst of mitosis
      approximately 20 hr later. A medium change to conditioned medium supplemented
      with 10% foetal calf serum leads to neither the burst of motility nor the
      subsequent burst of mitosis, although this medium is better able to support the
      growth of sparse cells than is fresh medium. Data are also presented to show that
      the amount of collagen deposited in superconfluent cultures affects their growth:
      the stimulation of collagen production with ascorbic acid leads to an
      unexpectedly low stationary cell density and rather less movement in the culture.
      This result suggests that the collagen stabilizes cell contacts that are
      responsible for growth inhibition. The question of why these cells grow more
      slowly as density increases cannot be answered directly by these experiments;
      nevertheless, the results suggest that cell contact affects the permeability of
      the cell membrane to medium.

PMID- 3698072
TI  - Urothelial proliferation in growing mice.
AB  - Developing murine urothelium undergoes pronounced proliferation until at least 10
      days after birth. Thereafter, both mitotic and [3H]TdR-labelling indices fall
      sharply with age. The ratio of labelling to mitotic indices also alters
      dramatically during development, which is probably due to both endoreduplication
      and changes in the relative durations of the DNA synthesis and mitotic phases.
      This ratio reaches stability at 5 weeks of age. The adult labelling and mitotic
      indices were 0.11 and 0.019% respectively, indicating a very slow turnover.

PMID- 3698073
TI  - Influence of growth hormone and thyroxine on cell kinetics in the proximal tibial
      growth plate of Snell dwarf mice.
AB  - In Snell dwarf mice, the influence of short-term treatment with human growth
      hormone (hGH) or thyroxine on the proliferative and sulphation activity of the
      proximal tibial growth plate was studied. By autoradiographic methods, the
      [3H]methylthymidine incorporation after a single injection was measured, after 2
      hr incorporation time. The labelling index was calculated and the number of
      labelled mitoses was counted. In addition, the distribution of the labelled
      nuclei over the proliferating and degenerating zones was determined by continuous
      labelling for 25 and 73 hr. In untreated dwarf mice after [3H]-methylthymidine
      administration, the number of labelled nuclei in the growth plate is low.
      Labelling occurs, as expected, mainly in the cells of the proliferative zones.
      The number of labelled nuclei in control dwarf mice was similar after 25 and 73
      hr continuous labelling. This suggests that many cells are in a resting G0 or
      prolonged G1 phase. Both hGH and T4 treatment induce a significant increase of
      the number of labelled nuclei per growth plate and of the number of mitoses.
      Since hormonal treatment induces a small number of mitoses after 2 hr
      incorporation of the label, the minimal G2 phase of the cell cycle is less than 2
      hr. In addition, treatment with hGH and T4 stimulates chondrocytes in the zone of
      proliferative and hypertrophic cells to actively incorporate [35S]-sulphate.

PMID- 3698074
TI  - A computer model of spermatogenesis in the rat; correlation with flow cytometric
      data based on autoradiographic cell-cycle properties.
AB  - A computer model of rat spermatogenesis was created, based on autoradiographic
      studies of durations of the phases of the cell cycle (G1, S, G2 and mitotic
      phases) of each germ-cell type. With this model it is possible to predict and to
      gain insight into the changes of the DNA content occurring during the normal
      process of spermatogenesis. The relative proportions of haploid, diploid, S phase
      and tetraploid germ cells with increasing age of the rats were calculated.
      Calculated and actual experimental flow cytometry data were compared to test the
      accuracy of the model, and these show good agreement. The present work
      demonstrates that single-parameter DNA analysis of testicular cells is primarily
      a reflection of germ cells in the spermatocyte and spermatid stages of
      development, and of non-germ cells. The FCM single-parameter DNA analysis of
      testicular cells is relatively insensitive to changes in the stem cell and
      spermatogonial stages of germ-cell development.

PMID- 3698075
TI  - Use of bromodeoxyuridine for cell kinetic studies in intact animals.
AB  - A method is described for the use of BUdR for tracing cell proliferation patterns
      in the intestinal mucosa of intact mice. The method has several distinct
      advantages over existing methods.

PMID- 3698076
TI  - Rate of incorporation of [3H]thymidine in various tissues of the mouse. A basis
      for the evaluation of genotoxic effects of chemicals.
AB  - [3H]Thymidine has been extensively used as a selective precursor to DNA in
      studies on the kinetics of cell proliferation. We have become interested in
      measuring early inhibition of the DNA synthesis in various organs of intact
      animals for detecting genotoxic properties of chemicals. Such experiments should,
      for convenience and to achieve a large capacity, be performed in the simplest way
      possible. The present paper deals with some practical aspects on the use of
      [3H]thymidine in vivo. [6-3H]Thymidine was injected intraperitoneally in mice and
      the uptake of radioactivity was evaluated by using whole-body autoradiography and
      liquid scintillation spectrometry. Autoradiograms of sections washed with
      trichloroacetic acid and methanol were compared with those subjected only to
      freeze-drying. Liquid scintillation counting was performed of total, non
      volatile, acid-insoluble and DNA-associated radioactivities. A rapid increase of
      the [3H]thymidine incorporation was seen during the first hour after the
      injection. Further prolongation of the survival time did not result in any
      significant increase of the incorporated radioactivity. Moreover, there were only
      slight differences between the autoradiograms from extracted and non-extracted
      sections. Radioactivities associated with DNA closely correlated to those
      representing acid-insoluble material, indicating that acid-insoluble
      radioactivity provides a good estimate of the [3H]thymidine incorporation into
      DNA.

PMID- 3698077
TI  - Kinetics of cell replacement in the stratum granulosum of mouse tongue
      epithelium.
AB  - Sheet preparations of the stratum granulosum from the epithelium of the ventral
      surface of mouse tongue permit examination of cell replacement of this maturation
      compartment of the tissue. The cell transit rate/day is related to the cell
      desquamation rate and the cell production rate. The latter is approximately 6500
      8000 cells/mm2/day, suggesting a 4-5-fold greater turnover compared with mouse
      dorsal skin epithelium. The use of [3H]IUdR and [3H]TdR at different times of day
      provides evidence for a reutilization of label from [3H]TdR released during
      nuclear degradation in the stratum granulosum. Flooding with unlabelled thymidine
      is not effective in suppressing this reutilization.

PMID- 3698078
TI  - Growth characteristics of human melanoma multicellular spheroids in liquid
      overlay culture: comparisons with the parent tumour xenografts.
AB  - The growth characteristics of multicellular spheroids, derived from human
      melanoma xenografts and cultivated in liquid-overlay culture, were studied and
      compared with those of the parent tumours. Six of the seven melanomas
      investigated formed spheroids, which grew exponentially up to a volume of 1-2 X
      10(7) microns 3 (a diameter of 270-340 microns) before the growth rate tapered
      off. The morphology of the spheroids varied considerably among the melanomas;
      some spheroids grew as densely packed, spherical structures of cells whereas
      others were loosely packed and showed an irregular shape. Central necrosis
      developed when the spheroids attained a diameter of 150-200 microns. The
      histological and cytological appearance of the spheroids was remarkably similar
      to that of the parent xenograft in five of the six cases. The sixth melanoma
      contained two subpopulations with distinctly different DNA content, one of which
      was predominant in the spheroids, the other in the tumours. This gave rise to
      clear histological and cytological differences. The volume-doubling time of the
      spheroids during the exponential growth phase ranged from 1.7 +/- 0.2 to 2.7 +/-
      0.4 days and the fraction of cells in S from 13 +/- 1 to 28 +/- 2%. The volume
      doubling time decreased with increasing fraction of cells in S, indicating that
      the differences in growth rate were due mainly to differences in the growth
      fraction or to differences in the duration of G1. The spheroid volume-doubling
      times did not correlate with those of the parent xenografts (Td = 4.2-22.5 days
      at V = 200 mm3), possibly because the cell loss factors of the xenografts were
      large and varied among the melanomas. The fractions of cells in G1/G0, S and G2 +
      M in the spheroids and the xenografts did not correlate either, but were found to
      be within the same narrow ranges in the spheroids and the xenografts--i.e. 50-80%
      (G1/G0), 10-30% (S) and 10-20% (G2 + M).

PMID- 3698079
TI  - Cytokinetic analysis of the expanding Kupffer-cell population in rat liver.
AB  - Zymosan stimulation in rats provides a useful model for studying the expansion of
      the Kupffer-cell population in liver, which represents the major population of
      tissue macrophages. This study, using tritiated-thymidine-labelling experiments,
      demonstrates that during population expansion at least 90% of the resident
      macrophages (Kupffer cells) develop proliferative activity. The mean duration of
      the cell cycle is estimated to be 52 hr, with an S phase of 7 hr. We have
      calculated that about 75% of population expansion results from local Kupffer-cell
      replication, whereas the remaining growth results from extrahepatic recruitment
      of macrophage precursors. These findings conflict with a concept of the
      mononuclear phagocyte system, which states that resident macrophages are
      (monocyte-derived) non-dividing end-cells.

PMID- 3698080
TI  - Methylmercury effects on cell cycle kinetics.
AB  - Methylmercury (MeHg) effects on cell cycle kinetics were investigated to help
      identify its mechanisms of action. Flow cytometric analysis of normal human
      fibroblasts grown in vitro in the presence of BrdU allowed quantitation of the
      proportion of cells in G1, S, G2 and the next G1 phase. This technique provides a
      rapid and easily performed method of characterizing phase lengths and transition
      rates for the complete cell cycle. After first exposure to MeHg the cell cycle
      time was lengthened due to a prolonged G1. At 3 microM MeHg the G1 phase length
      was 25% longer than the control. The G1/S transition rate was also decreased in a
      dose-related manner. Confluent cells exposed to MeHg and replated with MeHg
      respond in the same way as cells which have not been exposed to MeHg before
      replating. Cells exposed for long times to MeHg lost a detectable G1 effect, and
      instead showed an increase in the G2 percentage, which was directly related to
      MeHg concentration and length of exposure. After 8 days at 5 microM MeHg, 45% of
      the population was in G2. The G2 accumulation was reversible up to 3 days, but at
      6 days the cells remained in G2 when the MeHg was removed. Cell counts and
      viability indicated that there was not a selective loss of cells from the MeHg.
      MeHg has multiple effects on the cell cycle which include a lengthened G1 and
      decreased transition probability after short term exposure of cycling cells, and
      a G2 accumulation after a longer term exposure. There were no detectable S phase
      effects. It appears that mitosis (the G2 accumulation) and probably synthesis of
      some macromolecules in G1 (the lengthened G1 and lowered transition probability)
      are particularly susceptible to MeHg.

PMID- 3698081
TI  - Computer-aided three-dimensional reconstructions of the arrangement of primary
      spermatocytes in human seminiferous tubules.
AB  - With the use of a digital image-processing method three-dimensional
      reconstructions of the arrangement of spermatocytes in human seminiferous tubules
      were performed. With this method it was possible to investigate the cellular
      distribution in the tubule in nearly any given perspective and projection. In
      addition, by means of simple mathematical procedures, such as by transformation
      of Cartesian coordinates into cylindrical coordinates, it was possible to vary
      the shape of a reconstruction, i.e., to convert the cylindrical image of a
      tubular portion into a right-angled r-phi-z-representation. The present work not
      only confirms the existence of a complex helical plan of organization of the
      human seminiferous epithelium but also provides further aspects of the phenomenon
      of physiological germ-cell loss and its integration into the kinetics of
      spermatogenesis.

PMID- 3698082
TI  - A quantitative study of synaptic ribbons in pinealocytes of adult Chinese
      hamsters (Cricetulus griseus) under different photoperiodic conditions.
AB  - Synaptic ribbons (SR) in pinealocytes of adult (120-130 day-old) male Chinese
      hamsters (Cricetulus griseus) were classified into types 1, 2 and 3; these have a
      central dense structure showing rod-like, various and ring-like profiles,
      respectively. The central structure of the type-2 SR usually appeared as round,
      oval or comma-like bodies, and occasionally as plates showing various profiles or
      club-shaped bodies. The quantity of each type of SR, expressed as the SR index,
      was determined over a 24-h period under a light/dark regime (LD) 12:12 or LD
      14:10. On comparing the results obtained from adults with previously published
      data from young (60-70-days-old) animals under LD 12:12, it was found that, in
      both young and adult animals, the type-1 and type-3 SR indices exhibited
      different 24-h variations, whereas the type-2 SR index remained constant over a
      24-h period. In addition, the indices of the type-2 SR, but not those of the
      other SR types, were found to be significantly larger in adult than in young
      animals. In adult animals, the effects of the photoperiod were different between
      the three types of SR. A nocturnal increase in the type-1 SR index was observed
      under both LD 12:12 and LD 14:10, its time course being different for each of
      these photoperiods. Under LD 14:10, the type-2 SR index showed a significant 24-h
      rhythm with larger values during the dark period; this was not observed under LD
      12:12. The type-3 SR index was almost the same under LD 12:12 and LD
      14:10.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3698083
TI  - Development of smooth and skeletal muscle cells in the iris of the domestic duck,
      chick and quail.
AB  - Embryonic development of the avian iris muscle was studied by light and electron
      microscopy in order to clarify the origin of the iridial skeletal muscle cells.
      In normal development of the domestic duck, chick, and quail, the muscle bundles
      appearing in the iris at stage 35 consisted solely of smooth muscle cells.
      Undifferentiated cells appeared at stage 36, and finally skeletal muscle cells
      were observed at stage 37. This sequence suggests that stromal mesenchymal cells
      migrate into the muscle bundles to become skeletal muscle cells. Tissue culture
      of whole irides removed from duck embryos at stages 30 through 34 produced
      skeletal muscle cells while culture of isolated iridial epithelia removed at
      stages 31 and 32 did not. Removal of the midbrain region of duck embryos at stage
      10 frequently produced severe disorganization of the eye concomitant with
      craniofacial deformities typical of a neural crest mesenchymal defect. These
      severely disorganized eyes were devoid of iridial skeletal muscle cells. These
      results also suggest mesenchymal origin of iridial skeletal muscle cells.

PMID- 3698084
TI  - Sex differences in adrenocortical structure and function. XXII. Light- and
      electron-microscopic morphometric studies on the effects of gonadectomy and
      gonadal hormone replacement on the rat adrenal cortex.
AB  - The cytological aspects of sexual dimorphism in the rat adrenal cortex and its
      relationship to the gonads have been investigated. The adrenal glands of mature
      female rats were heavier than those of males, and morphometry showed that this
      was almost exclusively due to conspicuous differences in the volume of cells of
      the zona fasciculata (ZF) and zona reticularis (ZR). Stereology demonstrated that
      the volume of the mitochondrial and lipid droplet compartments, as well as the
      surface area per cell of mitochondrial cristae and smooth endoplasmic reticulum
      tubules, were markedly higher in the ZF and ZR cells of female animals.
      Orchiectomy increased and ovariectomy decreased the adrenal weight, by eliciting
      hypertrophy and atrophy, respectively, of ZF and ZR cells; these effects of
      gonadectomy were reversed by the appropriate gonadal hormone replacement. It is
      suggested that the sexual dimorphism of the rat adrenal cortex may depend upon
      the inhibitory action of testosterone and the stimulatory effect of estradiol on
      the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenal axis.

PMID- 3698085
TI  - Embryonic cholinesterase activity during morphogenesis of the mouse genital
      tract. Light- and electron-microscopic observations.
AB  - In the genital tract of male and female mouse embryos cholinesterase activity is
      described that is independent from innervation. The enzyme activity is localized
      in the mesenchyme at the junction of Wolffian and Mullerian ducts with the
      urogenital sinus. During male development prostate buds and vesicular glands grow
      out into the cholinesterase-active mesenchyme. During female development the
      active mesenchyme participates in the downgrowth of the vaginal anlage.
      Ultrastructurally the cholinesterase activity is localized in the perinuclear
      cisterna and in smooth endoplasmic reticulum of the mesenchymal cells. The enzyme
      activity disappears with definitive differentiation of the tissue. The embryonic
      cholinesterase is a component of a primitive muscarinic system. Its relation to
      the morphogenetic action of testosterone and its possible general functions are
      discussed.

PMID- 3698086
TI  - Distribution of glomerular peripolar cells in different mammalian species.
AB  - Peripolar cells are granulated glomerular epithelial cells that form a cuff
      around the vascular pole of the glomerulus. Quantitation of these cells in 17
      species of mammals (including man, several laboratory animals and a variety of
      other species) indicated that they were detectable by light microscopy in all but
      one of the mammals that were examined (the Australian hopping mouse). In adult
      mammals with detectable peripolar cells, the "peripolar cell index" (the
      percentage of randomly sectioned glomeruli that displayed peripolar cells in
      histological sections of kidney) ranged from 0.15 (for echidna) to 11.86 (for
      sheep). Newborn lambs and rats showed strikingly high values (23.30 and 10.76,
      respectively) compared with their adult counterparts. Using electron microscopy,
      peripolar cells were observed in all species that were examined, including the
      Australian hopping mouse. Morphologically, peripolar cells were similar in all
      species although their size and granule population varied. They showed a
      predominantly outer cortical glomerular distribution and a close anatomical
      relationship with the renin-containing myo-epithelioid cells. These findings
      indicate that peripolar cells are present in a wide variety of species and
      support the view that such cells may play a significant role in the regulation of
      normal renal function.

PMID- 3698087
TI  - Biondi bodies in the choroid plexus epithelium of the human brain. A scanning
      electron-microscopic study.
AB  - Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine choroid plexuses in the
      brain of two human adults aged 44 and 46, respectively, and 12 older subjects
      from 67 to 98 years of age. It was possible to obtain a three-dimensional view of
      the ring-like structures (Biondi bodies) located in the cytoplasm of choroid
      plexus epithelial cells in the older-age group. The filaments forming the rings
      were clearly visible. No such structures were found between epithelial cells. The
      intracellular location of the Biondi bodies and their state of preservation
      compared to other cytoplasmic elements suggest that they may have a destructive
      effect on epithelial cells of choroid plexuses. The same material was examined by
      transmission electron microscopy (TEM); the results obtained were in full
      agreement with the evidence obtained with SEM.

PMID- 3698088
TI  - Organization of filaments underneath the plasma membrane of developing chicken
      skeletal muscle cells in vitro revealed by the freeze-dry and rotary replica
      method.
AB  - Cytoskeletal organization and its association with plasma membranes in embryonic
      chick skeletal muscle cells in vitro was studied by the freeze-drying and rotary
      shadowing method of physically ruptured cells. The cytoskeletal filaments
      underlying the plasma membranes were sparse in myogenic cells at the stage when
      cells exhibited great lipid fluidity in plasma membranes (fusion competent
      mononucleated myoblasts and recently fused young myotubes). Myotubes at more
      advanced stages of development possessed a highly interconnected dense
      filamentous network just underneath the cell membrane. This subsarcolemmal
      network was composed predominantly of 8-10 nm filaments; they were identified as
      actin filaments because of their decoration with myosin subfragment-1. Fine
      fibrils having a diameter of 3-5 nm were found on the protoplasmic surface of the
      plasmalemma at both the early and advanced stages of development. They were
      associated with the subsarcolemmal cytoskeletal filaments. Short 2-5 nm cross
      linking filaments were occasionally seen between filaments in the subsarcolemmal
      network. We conclude that, although the subsarcolemmal cytoskeletal network
      contains many actin filaments, this domain appears to play some role in
      preserving the cell shape in the form of the membrane skeleton rather than
      membrane mobility.

PMID- 3698089
TI  - Shape and disposition of clefts, tubules, and sarcoplasmic reticulum in long and
      short sarcomere fibers of crab and crayfish.
AB  - The disposition of surface invaginations (clefts, Z and T tubules) and of the
      sarcoplasmic reticulum has been examined by electron microscopy at three
      accelerating voltages (100, 200 and 1000 kV) and by phase-contrast light
      microscopy in crustacean muscles infiltrated by the "Golgi stain." In long
      sarcomere, tonic type fibers, an extensive system of invaginating clefts has been
      observed, along with both Z and T tubules. Z and T tubules form interconnections
      with each other, but only T tubules form specific contacts with the sarcoplasmic
      reticulum, which in these fibers forms an extended and continuously fenestrated
      network. In short-sarcomere, phasic type fibers, a ladder-like disposition of an
      abundant T network is found. Z tubules are absent in these fibers. The
      sarcoplasmic reticulum forms more frequent junctions with flattened areas of T
      tubules and with clefts, but has less extensive free surfaces than in the long
      sarcomere fibers.

PMID- 3698090
TI  - Reduced testosterone levels in cluster headache: a stress-related phenomenon?
AB  - The circadian changes in testosterone (T) and cortisol secretion and morning
      luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were evaluated in nine episodic cluster headache
      (CH) patients in active phase and in seven healthy volunteers, with collection of
      blood samples every 2 h for 24 h. CH showed a significant reduction of the 24-h
      integrated mean T value (mesor) (4.4 + 1.1 ng/ml; chi +/- SD) in comparison with
      controls (6.6 +/- 0.8 ng/ml) (P less than 0.01). Both groups had plasma T
      circadian rhythm with peak values in early morning, but in CH single cosinor
      analysis showed its absence in three out of nine CH patients. The rhythm showed
      an acrophase delay of 101 min in CH. Both patients and controls had a significant
      circadian rhythm of plasma cortisol concentration. CH patients, however, showed
      an acrophase delay of 106 min and significantly increased concentrations from
      1200 h to 2000 h. Morning LH values were similar in the two groups. The reduced
      secretion of plasma T in CH patients in the active phase coexisted with an
      acrophase delay of its circadian rhythm. A similar delay was found in 24-h plasma
      cortisol levels. We suggest that stress accompanying attack expectancy in the
      active phase is the mechanism behind the elevated plasma cortisol levels. This in
      turn could reduce T concentrations, acting at the testicular level. These
      disturbances in internal chronoorganization support the hypothesis that cluster
      headache is basically a dyschronic disorder.

PMID- 3698091
TI  - Cluster headache syndrome: interrelationship of autonomic phenomena and pain.

PMID- 3698092
TI  - Methylergometrine, an active metabolite of methysergide.
AB  - In conscious dogs methysergide (MS) caused constriction of the saphenous vein at
      about 3000 times lower doses than methylergometrine (MT) when infused locally,
      but it elicited only a short-lasting venoconstrictor response when injected
      systemically intravenously. MS and MT proved to be equally active venoconstrictor
      agents when administered orally. Analysis of canine plasma by high-performance
      liquid chromatography showed that after both oral and intravenous administration
      of MS large amounts of MT appeared in the plasma, whereas only low and transient
      levels of MS could be detected. It is suggested that one of the first steps in
      metabolism of MS is demethylation at position 1 of the indole, leading to the
      formation of MT, which may be a main active principle of the therapeutic
      effectiveness of MS in the interval treatment of migraine headache.

PMID- 3698094
TI  - Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania: the first possible bilateral case.
AB  - There are three headaches syndromes that are typically characterized by strictly
      unilateral and always same-sided attacks: cluster headache, "cervicogenic"
      headache, and chronic paroxysmal hemicrania (CPH). In rare cases, cluster
      headache also occurs bilaterally; "cervicogenic" headaches probably as well. We
      present a patient with a probable bilateral CPH. To our knowledge no such case
      has previously been described.

PMID- 3698093
TI  - Changes in the dopaminergic control of prolactin secretion and in ovarian
      steroids in migraine.
AB  - Prolactin (PRL) responses to dopamine (DA) blockers and to direct and indirect DA
      agonists have been studied in 23 healthy women, 17 women with catamenial migraine
      and 17 with non-catamenial migraine in both their follicular and luteal phases.
      PRL responses to the DA blockers were greater in the follicular phase of both
      migraine groups than in controls. The inhibitory effect of nomifensine on PRL
      secretion was dampened in the follicular phase of both migraine groups. These
      findings demonstrate an increased PRL reserve in migraine and suggest the
      existence of a dopaminergic supersensitivity of the lactotrophic postsynaptic DA
      receptors. The impaired inhibitory effect of nomifensine on PRL secretion hints
      at a decrease of the presynaptic DA content in tuberoinfundibular DA neurons. In
      migrainous women 17-beta-oestradiol levels are higher in both ovarian phases,
      whereas progesterone concentrations and the progesterone to oestradiol ratio are
      lower than in healthy subjects in the luteal phase. These data suggest the
      existence of a change in the oestrogen-dependent modulation of pituitary DA
      receptors.

PMID- 3698095
TI  - A new etiology for visual impairment and chronic headache. The Tolosa-Hunt
      syndrome may be only one manifestation of venous vasculitis.
AB  - The Tolosa-Hunt syndrome is characterized by recurrent periods of painful
      ophthalmoplegia, dramatically ameliorated by steroid treatment. In half of the
      cases orbital phlebography shows characteristic changes. Ninety-six patients with
      orbital pain characteristic of the Tolosa-Hunt syndrome were submitted to orbital
      phlebography regardless of the existence of other symptoms. A pathologic
      phlebogram with changes typical of the Tolosa-Hunt syndrome was found in 50
      patients. In 17 of these 50 patients the symptoms consisted of orbital pain only
      and no ophthalmoplegia. Twenty patients had pain and ipsilateral decrease of
      vision but no ophthalmoplegia, and 13 had painful ophthalmoplegia. Of 41 patients
      treated with steroid medication 39 responded dramatically with regard to the
      pain. Earlier findings indicate that the phlebographic changes are due to venous
      vasculitis, which thus may cause irreversible visual impairment but also chronic
      headache without ophthalmoplegia. It is concluded that the Tolosa-Hunt syndrome
      may be only one manifestation of a not uncommon disease.

PMID- 3698096
TI  - Characterization of the intron in the phage T4 thymidylate synthase gene and
      evidence for its self-excision from the primary transcript.
AB  - The td gene contains a 735 bp open reading frame within its 1017 bp intron. A 12
      nucleotide stretch may form a stable secondary structure with the putative Shine
      Dalgarno sequence of the intron open reading frame and thus impair its
      translation. SP6 RNA polymerase transcripts of the td gene synthesized in vitro
      at 40 degrees C encompass a 2.7 kb primary transcript, a 1.7 kb mRNA, and a 1 kb
      intron RNA. The excised intron RNA consisted of linear and cyclized forms. RNAase
      H studies and resistance of the cyclized intron to linearization by HeLa cell
      debranching enzyme suggest it to be circular. Self-splicing of isolated td
      primary transcript occurred only marginally at 28 degrees C, but increased
      progressively to 50 degrees C, and required the presence of both Mg++ and a
      guanosine cofactor. An internal guide sequence is evident which may align the 5'
      splice site with the 3' end, presumably for precise exon ligation.

PMID- 3698097
TI  - Adenovirus VAI RNA antagonizes the antiviral action of interferon by preventing
      activation of the interferon-induced eIF-2 alpha kinase.
AB  - The VAI RNA of adenovirus is a small, RNA polymerase III-transcribed species
      required for efficient translation of host cell and viral mRNAs late after
      infection. The growth of a viral mutant that is unable to produce the RNA is
      inhibited by interferon, while wild-type virus is not affected. VAI RNA prevents
      activation of the interferon-induced P1/eIF-2 alpha kinase. This inhibition can
      be reproduced in extracts of interferon-treated cells where purified VAI RNA
      prevents activation of latent kinase by double-stranded RNA.

PMID- 3698099
TI  - Glial growth factor and nerve-dependent proliferation in the regeneration
      blastema of Urodele amphibians.
AB  - After amputation of a limb from Urodele amphibians, division of the blastemal
      cells (the progenitor cells of the regenerate) depends on one or more
      unidentified growth factors provided by the nerve supply. Here we show that glial
      growth factor (GGF), a mitogenic protein previously purified from the bovine
      pituitary, is present in newt nervous system extracts. It is also detectable in
      extracts of the forelimb regeneration blastema, and its level there decreases
      after denervation. We have previously shown that blastemal cells dependent on the
      nerve for division are marked by a monoclonal antibody called 22/18. When
      denervated blastemas are cultured in the presence of partially purified GGF from
      newt brain, or pure GGF from the bovine pituitary, the thymidine labeling index
      of blastemal cells that are 22/18-positive is increased as much as sevenfold.
      These data indicate that GGF plays a role in nerve-dependent proliferation in the
      blastema.

PMID- 3698098
TI  - The role of DNA-mediated transfer of TFIIIA in the concerted gyration and
      differential activation of the Xenopus 5S RNA genes.
AB  - The transcription factor of the 5S RNA gene, TFIIIA, induces gyration of oocyte-
      and somatic-type 5S DNA plasmids in Xenopus oocyte extracts, but oocyte 5S
      gyration requires a 5-fold higher TFIIIA concentration than somatic 5S gyration.
      Concomitant with the differential gyration at intermediate TFIIIA concentrations,
      the oocyte genes are repressed and the somatic genes become activated, a
      situation that mimics the one seen in Xenopus somatic cells. Data obtained with
      plasmids immobilized in agarose indicate that TFIIIA finds its site via a DNA
      mediated transfer mechanism, and that all-or-none gyration is a consequence of
      TFIIIA transfer between 5S DNA sites. Based on these results, we present a model
      that explains the differential all-or-none activation of the 5S RNA genes.

PMID- 3698100
TI  - Postnatal development of a demyelinating disease in avian spinal cord chimeras.
AB  - Xenogeneic spinal cord chimeras were constructed by grafting fragments of quail
      neural primordium into chick embryos at 2 days of incubation. Hatched birds
      displayed normal motor behavior for about 5 to 7 weeks, whereupon they developed
      a neurological syndrome; in the grafted spinal cord the pathological signs of the
      disease were very similar to those of the active plaques of multiple sclerosis
      and of the lesions of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and neuritis,
      including Ia expression by brain capillary endothelia, rupture of the blood-brain
      barrier, leukocytic infiltration in the nervous tissue, and demyelination. In the
      animals at the most advanced stage of the disease an autoimmune attack occurred
      on the host's nervous system with the same histopathological signs.

PMID- 3698101
TI  - v-mil induces autocrine growth and enhanced tumorigenicity in v-myc-transformed
      avian macrophages.
AB  - MH2, an avian retrovirus containing the v-myc and v-mil oncogenes, rapidly
      transforms chick hematopoietic cells in vitro. The transformed cells belong to
      the macrophage lineage and proliferate in the absence of exogenous growth
      factors. Here we analyze a series of MH2 deletion mutants and show that these two
      oncogenes together establish an autocrine growth system in which v-myc stimulates
      cell proliferation, while v-mil induces the production of chicken myelomonocytic
      growth factor (cMGF). We also demonstrate that these two oncogenes cooperate in
      vivo. MH2 efficiently induces monocytic leukemias and liver tumors, while
      deletion mutants lacking either a functional v-mil or v-myc do not.

PMID- 3698102
TI  - A set of proteins showing cell cycle dependent modification in the early mouse
      embryo.
AB  - The pattern of protein synthesis in the mouse egg shows several changes at
      fertilization and during first mitosis. Three groups of newly synthesized
      proteins, with molecular weights of about 30,000, 35,000, and 46,000, show
      variations in mobility on one- and two-dimensional gels that correlate with the
      cell cycle. Each group is composed of a polypeptide that is synthesized in
      unmodified form during interphase but is modified reversibly during meiosis or
      mitosis, by a process involving phosphorylation. Although these proteins cease to
      be synthesized during the second cell cycle, those made earlier persist and
      continue to show the same modifications during the next cell cycle. Like other
      eggs, fertilized mouse eggs show a requirement for protein synthesis in order to
      enter mitosis.

PMID- 3698104
TI  - Differential DNA repair in transcriptionally active and inactive proto-oncogenes:
      c-abl and c-mos.
AB  - DNA repair was examined in the c-abl and c-mos proto-oncogenes in UV-irradiated
      mouse 3T3 fibroblasts using an optimized assay for measuring pyrimidine dimers in
      single-copy nucleotide sequences. We found similar initial dimer frequencies in
      the two genes. Within 24 hr, 85% of the dimers were removed from the 20 kb
      intragenic BamHl restriction fragment of the expressed c-abl gene, while only 22%
      of the dimers were removed from the 15 kb EcoRl fragment that spans the
      transcriptionally inactive c-mos locus. Quiescent and actively growing cells
      showed similar relative efficiencies of repair in the two regions. This is the
      first demonstration of differential DNA repair in two different genes. These
      findings have important implications for the mechanisms of proto-oncogene
      activation.

PMID- 3698103
TI  - Intracellular localization of messenger RNAs for cytoskeletal proteins.
AB  - We have analyzed intracellular distributions of mRNAs for the cytoskeletal
      proteins actin, vimentin, and tubulin by in situ hybridization. Although
      polyadenylated RNA was homogeneously distributed throughout the cell, actin mRNA
      demonstrated a nonhomogeneous distribution in 95% of randomly selected chicken
      embryonic myoblasts and fibroblasts, as detected by isotopic and nonisotopic
      techniques. Actin mRNA concentrations were highest at cell extremities, generally
      in lamellipodia, where grain densities were up to 16-fold higher than in areas
      near the nucleus. Vimentin mRNA, unlike actin mRNA, was distributed near the
      nucleus. Tubulin mRNA appeared most concentrated in the peripheral cytoplasm.
      These results demonstrate that cytoplasmic mRNAs are localized in specific,
      nonrandom cellular patterns and that localized concentrations of specific
      proteins may result from corresponding localization of their respective mRNAs.
      Hence, actin mRNA distribution may result in increased concentration of actin
      filaments in lamellipodia of motile cells.

PMID- 3698105
TI  - Fourth Italian meeting on cell biology and differentiation. Bardonecchia, Italy
      16th-19th October 1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 3698106
TI  - Alteration of the distribution of intermediate filaments in PtK1 cells by
      acrylamide. II: Effect on the organization of cytoplasmic organelles.
AB  - The distribution and motility of cytoplasmic particles was examined in PtK1 cells
      in which intermediate filament networks had been disrupted by acrylamide. In
      these cells, particles (mitochondria and vesicles) accumulated near the cell
      center although saltatory movements continued. This left a broad sheet of
      agranular cytoplasm at the periphery of the cell. Particles were capable of
      movement into this sheet. Intermediate filaments were absent in the peripheral
      cytoplasm although microtubules remained in a normal configuration. Particles
      apparently move along the microtubules. These results indicate that particle
      movement along microtubules is not dependent upon the normal configuration of
      intermediate filaments. It is suggested that intermediate filaments are necessary
      for normal organelle distribution and serve as a matrix with which particles can
      associate to maintain position.

PMID- 3698108
TI  - Abnormal distribution of the periaxonemal structures in a human sperm flagellar
      dyskinesia.
AB  - The spermatozoa from four infertile patients showing a flagellar dyskinesia due
      to abnormal flagellar wave development have been studied by light and
      transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for flagellar morphology. No axonemal
      anomalies were found but modification of the periaxonemal structures was
      observed. The results of a stereological analysis revealed abnormal extension of
      the individual dense fibres along the axoneme in the four cases as compared with
      a control group. The order of termination of those structures was therefore
      altered. However, the overall fibre extension was the same in both groups (ie,
      60% of the principal piece). The number and the location of the longitudinal
      columns were also modified, the predominant anomaly being the presence of a
      single column. The possible influence of those structural anomalies on the
      pattern of sperm movement is discussed. Our observations seem to agree with a
      previous hypothesis of the literature, that the dense fibres might play a role in
      flagellar flexibility. More particularly, we suggest that the abnormal extension
      of dense fibres No. 2, 3, and 4 and the symmetric distribution of the dense
      fibres on both sides of the plane of beating may alter the flagellar curvature
      amplitude and the cell rotation frequency.

PMID- 3698107
TI  - A new model of reticulopodial motility and shape: evidence for a microtubule
      based motor and an actin skeleton.
AB  - Cytoskeletal inhibitors were used as probes to test the involvement of
      microtubules and actin microfilaments in the development, motility, and shape
      maintenance of the pseudopodial networks (i e, reticulopodia) of the foraminifers
      Allogromia sp strain NF and Allogromia laticollaris. Agents that disassemble
      cytoplasmic microtubules (cold, colchicine, and nocodazole) arrest all movement
      but have variable effects on reticulopodial shape. Electron microscopy reveals a
      granulofibrillar matrix but few, if any, microtubules in these motility-arrested
      reticulopods. Allogromiids treated with cytochalasin B or D lose substrate
      adhesion and undergo dramatic changes in shape and motile behavior, highlighted
      by the coalescence of reticulopodial cytoplasm into irregularly shaped bodies
      with chaotic motility. Serial semithick sections of such preparations, viewed by
      high-voltage electron microscopy, document a striking rearrangement of
      microtubules within these cytochalasin-induced bodies. All aspects of
      cytochalasin-altered motility are completely inhibited by colchicine. Actin is
      present in reticulopodia, as determined by staining with rhodamine-phalloidin;
      this staining is not observed in cytochalasin-treated organisms. These data
      provide compelling evidence that microtubules are required for reticulopodial
      motility. An actin-based cytoskeleton is thought to play a role in maintaining
      shape, mediating pseudopod/substrate adhesion, and coordinating the various
      microtubule-dependent processes.

PMID- 3698109
TI  - [Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy].

PMID- 3698110
TI  - [Late results of goniotrepanation].

PMID- 3698111
TI  - [Surgery of cataracts due to goniotrepanation].

PMID- 3698112
TI  - [Chorioretinal folds in hypermetropic eyes].

PMID- 3698113
TI  - [The stereo dots test].

PMID- 3698114
TI  - [The present status of pharmacotherapy in ophthalmology].

PMID- 3698115
TI  - [Occlusive contact lenses in the treatment of amblyopia].

PMID- 3698116
TI  - [Causes of functional failure in the anatomic replacement of detached retinas].

PMID- 3698117
TI  - The influence of prolonged di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate treatment on the dolichol
      and dolichyl-P content of rat liver.
AB  - Dolichols and glycosyl transferase activities were studied in rat liver fractions
      after treatment with the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, an inducer of
      peroxisomes and mitochondria. After a few weeks of treatment with 2% plasticizer
      in the diet, the amount of dolichol is more than doubled in the lysosomes but not
      in the microsomes while dolichyl-P decreased by 50% in the microsomes but not in
      the lysosomes. The isoprenoid pattern for dolichol and dolichyl-P, respectively,
      is modified to longer polyprenols in the two fractions as seen in the percent
      distribution of the individual isoprenes. Dolichyl-P and protein glycosylation by
      N-acetylglucosamine and mannose decreased considerably. Incubation with mixtures
      containing exogenous dolichyl-P did not increase protein glycosylation. Phthalate
      ester treatment for 2 years increased dolichol content above the control values
      even when the dose was decreased a hundred times, to 0.02%. The results
      demonstrate a compartmentalization of dolichol and dolichyl-P distribution, and
      the induction studies suggest that hepatocytes possess separate regulating
      mechanisms for these two compounds.

PMID- 3698118
TI  - Modification of calf thymus DNA by methyl methanesulfonate. Quantitative
      determination of 7-methyldeoxyguanosine by mass spectrometry.
AB  - Quantitation of 7-methyldeoxyguanosine (m7dG) produced in the in vitro methyl
      methanesulfonate (MeMS) action on calf-thymus DNA is achieved by enzymatic
      degradation, liquid chromatographic separation and chemical ionization mass
      spectrometry. The total degree of methylation, measured by uptake of [14C]MeMS
      was 0.35%. Mass spectral analysis shows that m7dG constitutes 84% of the total
      methylated product. It is also shown that tandem mass spectrometry allows
      detection of m7dG, as the protonated base, down to 1 pmol level, suggesting that
      MS/MS analysis can be the method of choice in quantitation of the adducts of in
      vivo DNA modifications.

PMID- 3698119
TI  - Effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on lipid peroxidation in
      microsomal systems in vitro.
AB  - 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) when added to suspensions of rat
      hepatic microsomes in the presence of NADPH has little influence on the
      peroxidation of microsomal lipids unless the system also contains complexed
      ferric ion, in which case TCDD stimulates. This stimulation does not appear to
      require metabolism of the TCDD. Peroxidation was monitored by production of
      thiobarbiturate-reactive substances (malondialdehyde and dienals), production of
      conjugated dienes, and disappearance of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Stimulation
      of lipid peroxidation by TCDD in a mixed lysosome-microsome preparation resulted
      in significantly decreased 'leakage' of acid phosphatase into the medium,
      implying an effect on lysosomal membranes. Consideration both of the present
      results and data in the literature leads to the conclusion that it is premature
      to attempt to define the relationship between enzyme induction, lipid
      peroxidation and TCDD lethality.

PMID- 3698120
TI  - Mechanism of unbalanced growth-induced cell damage. I. A probable role for
      hydrolytic enzymes synthesis.
AB  - This study examines the relationship between cell progress into the state of
      unbalanced growth, hydrolytic enzyme activities and cell survival during the
      exposure of L5178Y cells to hydroxyurea (HU), excess thymidine (dThR),
      hydroxyurea with excess of four deoxyribonucleosides (dNR) or excess dTHR with
      deoxycytidine (dCR). Cell progress into the state of unbalanced growth was
      measured as cell size, protein/DNA ratio and protein content per cell. Activities
      of two lysosomal (acid phosphatase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase) and one
      cytoplasmic non-lysosomal (LDH) enzymes were determined. It has been found that
      in cells arrested by HU or excess dThR, a progressive cell volume increase with
      protein/DNA imbalance is correlated with a progressive increase in lysosomal and
      non-lysosomal hydrolase activities in the cells and in the medium and with a
      marked lethal effect. Cell volume increase, enhancement of enzyme activities and
      cell killing could be prevented in HU-arrested cells by concomitant addition of
      excess dNR (deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, thymidine, deoxycytidine) leading to
      equal inhibition of DNA and protein synthesis. Control-like values of all
      parameters were achieved also in cells in which the dThR-inhibiting effect was
      reversed by dCR addition. It is suggested that a common pathway in the mode of
      action of the chemotherapeutic agents inducing cell killing through the state of
      unbalanced growth can be the over-production, abnormal accumulation and
      progressive leakage of numerous hydrolytic enzymes through the cell membranes,
      leading in consequence to 'lytic' cell death.

PMID- 3698121
TI  - QSAR for upper-respiratory tract irritation.
AB  - A recent paper by Muller and Greff (Fd. Chem. Toxicol., 22 (1984) 661) presents
      QSAR equations for upper respiratory tract irritation by compounds falling into
      various chemical families. In the present paper the relationships are analysed
      further. It is found that a general QSAR equation, covering a diverse range of
      structures, correlates the biological activity reported by Muller and Greff with
      a single physicochemical parameter, TB'. The parameter TB' is the boiling point
      at atmospheric pressure (TB), adjusted for compounds with Trouton constants
      different from 22 cal deg-1 mol-1: TB' = (Tr X TB/22) + 40(1 - Tr/22) where Tr is
      the Trouton constant. Some of the compounds studied were found to be more
      irritant than predicted by the general equation: their enhanced activity can be
      rationalised in terms of their chemical reactivity as electrophiles, their
      metabolism to electrophiles, or their hydrolysis to more irritant products.

PMID- 3698122
TI  - The degradation of 5-iododeoxyuridine and 5-bromodeoxyuridine by serum from
      different sources and its consequences for the use of the compounds for
      incorporation into DNA.
AB  - Enzymes are present in sera that convert 5-iododeoxyuridine (IdU) to deoxyuridine
      (dU) and 5-iodouracil (IU). Although in the presence of serum 5-bromodeoxyuridine
      (BrdU) is not subject to extensive debromination it is converted to 5-bromouracil
      (BrU) at approx. 50% of the rate for IdU. These conversions are likely brought
      about by the enzymes thymidylate synthetase and thymidine phosphorylase. In vivo
      and in culture the dU enters DNA as thymidine 5'-monophosphate (dTMP) via the de
      novo pathway. Deoxyuridine is often found as a contaminant of [3H]IdU and
      [3H]BrdU. For these reasons, complications can arise in the interpretation of
      experimental work using these radioactive compounds. The problems may be overcome
      by purifying the compounds by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
      before use together with identification of the DNA components with which the 3H
      is associated by chromatographic analysis.

PMID- 3698123
TI  - Synthesis of five cholecystokinin-like peptides and determination of their
      analgesic effects.

PMID- 3698124
TI  - Studies on styrene derivatives. I. Synthesis and antiinflammatory activities of
      alpha-benzylidene-gamma-butyrolactone derivatives.

PMID- 3698125
TI  - 5-Fluorouracil derivatives. X. Synthesis and antitumor activities of alpha
      alkoxyalkyl-5-fluorouracils.

PMID- 3698126
TI  - Metabolism of magnolol from Magnoliae cortex. II. Absorption, metabolism and
      excretion of [ring-14C]magnolol in rats.

PMID- 3698127
TI  - Different sensitivities of rat ascites hepatoma AH13 and mouse lymphoid leukemia
      L1210 cells to typical N-nitrosoureas.

PMID- 3698128
TI  - Purification and characterization of multiple forms of rabbit hepatic glutathione
      S-transferase.

PMID- 3698129
TI  - Characterization of cell-surface material released from AH-66 hepatoma ascites
      cells into an isotonic solution.

PMID- 3698130
TI  - Comparison of the effects of feprazone and phenylbutazone on testosterone
      hydroxylations in mouse hepatic microsomes.

PMID- 3698131
TI  - Effects of pu-erh tea on lipid metabolism in rats.

PMID- 3698132
TI  - Studies on acidic arginine esterase excreted in urine. II. Purification and some
      properties of human urinary arginine esterase.

PMID- 3698133
TI  - Cross-linking reaction of a valency asymmetrical hybrid hemoglobin formed in a
      mixture of hemoglobin A and methemoglobin.

PMID- 3698134
TI  - Bioavailability of sugar-coated tablets of thiamine disulfide in humans. I.
      Effect of gastric acidity and in vivo-in vitro correlation.

PMID- 3698135
TI  - Bioavailability of sugar-coated tablets of thiamine disulfide in humans. II.
      Correlation with bioavailability in beagle dogs.

PMID- 3698136
TI  - Physical and chemical changes of medicinals in mixtures with adsorbents in the
      solid state. I. Effect of vapor pressure of the medicinals on changes in
      crystalline properties.

PMID- 3698137
TI  - Effects of the degree of polymerization of oligosaccharides on the properties of
      ground mixtures.

PMID- 3698138
TI  - Dissolution of thioridazine hydrochloride from the coprecipitate with pectin.

PMID- 3698139
TI  - Binding of fluorescent 7-amino-4-nitrobenzoxadiazole derivatives to bovine serum
      albumin.

PMID- 3698140
TI  - Effects of various cathartics and deoxycholic acid on the disposition of
      endogenous bile acids in the bile, portal blood and feces of rats.

PMID- 3698141
TI  - Studies on xanthine derivatives. II. Synthesis of 1,2,3,7-tetrahydro-6H-purin-6
      ones from xanthine hydrolyzates.

PMID- 3698142
TI  - Studies on poisonous metals. XIII. Effect of cadmium on small intestinal
      absorption of L-histidine in rats.

PMID- 3698143
TI  - Hemolysis of human erythrocytes induced by glucose solutions and its prevention.

PMID- 3698144
TI  - New toxic metabolites from a mushroom, Hebeloma vinosophyllum. I. Structures of
      hebevinosides I, II, III, IV, and V.

PMID- 3698145
TI  - Synthesis, calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction of lecithins containing branched
      fatty acid chains.
AB  - Lecithins with branched fatty acid chains were synthesized and characterized by
      differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. The influence of three
      chemical alterations on the phase transition parameters were investigated: length
      of the branches in 2-position of the acyl chains, position of the branches in the
      acyl chains, and position of the branched fatty acid chains in the glycerol
      backbone. The results show that the branched phosphatidylcholines (PCs) have a
      reduced gel-to-liquid-crystalline phase transition temperature (Tm) compared to
      the corresponding straight-chain PCs. Depending on both the length of the
      branches in 2-position of the acyl chains and the position of the branches in the
      acyl chains, the Tm-values pass through a minimum. The systematic change of the
      main-transition temperatures Tm is connected with a modified structural
      polymorphism. If the length of the branches increases three types of polymorphism
      were observed.

PMID- 3698146
TI  - Liposome formation of egg lecithin and its interaction with iodine.
AB  - The sonicated dispersion of egg lecithin (phosphatidylcholine) in water forms 1:1
      molecular complex with iodine, when its concentration is above 1.6 X 10(-5) M.
      The thermodynamic and spectrophotometric properties of this complex have been
      determined. The thermodynamic values are: K (25 degrees C) = 1.6 X 10(3) 1 X mol
      1, delta G degrees = -18.4 KJ X mol-1, delta H degrees = -27.4 KJ X mol-1 and
      delta S degrees = -30.0 J X mol-1 X deg-1. The complex shows two absorption
      bands: one at 293 nm, which is the charge transfer band and the other at 370 nm,
      which is the blue shifted visible iodine band at 460 nm in water.

PMID- 3698147
TI  - [The presence and vector role of Culex bitaeniorhynchus in New Caledonia].
AB  - Culex bitaeniorhynchus, reported from New Caledonia after a single collection of
      larvae in Noumea in 1952, has been found in two other localities, on the south
      west and on the north-east coasts. The morphological features show some
      differences between the local population and the forms from the Oriental Region.
      Adults have been caught during the hot and rainy season, by light traps mainly.
      The females have been very rarely collected on human bait. Though found naturally
      infected by dengue 4 virus, that species is not likely to have an epidemiological
      importance in New Caledonia. It seems doubtful that it has been imported
      recently.

PMID- 3698148
TI  - [How to assess the economic cost of tropical diseases in a rural community].
AB  - Many tropical diseases cause disability and hinder the socio-economic development
      of the Third World countries where they rage. A method of assessment of the
      economic cost of these diseases during epidemiological studies has been suggested
      here. It calls on the following factors: the type of activity of the community,
      the gross income of the community, the cost of treatment and the types of the
      disability (degree of disability, length of disability in relation to the period
      of production, and the degree of men's activity).

PMID- 3698149
TI  - [Epidemiologic study of acute infantile gastroenteritis in New Caledonia].
AB  - In a test area (suburbs of Noumea), a survey on acute infantile gastro-enteritis
      showed an annual incidence of 2.2% and a hospitalization rate of 27.5%. The 0 to
      23 months age group was the most exposed. The factors of severity were: a low
      age, a high frequency of liquid stool, vomits, fever and associated acute
      respiratory infection. The etiologic diagnosis was possible in 76% of cases:
      49.5% enteropathogens (22% bacteria, 27.5% viruses), 26.5% non-intestinal
      infections. The asymptomatic carriers were 11.5% for bacteria and 27.4% for
      viruses. In regard to epidemiology, the housing hygiene, the potable water supply
      and the presence of suitable water closet were over 90%. On the contrary, the
      individual hygiene was neglected, especially the hand washing. The pathogens are
      transmitted by the dirty hands of asymptomatic carriers. Mass media campaigns and
      health education of parents and children are the recommended prophylactic
      measures.

PMID- 3698150
TI  - [Biological assay of ciguatoxin in the chicken: analysis of the symptoms induced
      and toxicity of extracts of ciguatoxic chickens of the island of Saint
      Barthelemy].
AB  - Ciguatera poisoning was studied in the chicken where it gave rise to internal
      hypersalivation, acute motor ataxia, low rectal temperature and arrested growth.
      LD50 figures indicated that the chicken is two to five time at least more
      sensitive to ciguatoxin than the mouse. So the chick is very convenient for
      laboratory studies in ciguatera research.

PMID- 3698151
TI  - [Absence of the antigen H:z66 in 2355 strains of Salmonella typhi from Madagascar
      and several countries of tropical Africa].
AB  - The presence of the new flagellar antigen H:z66 (Guinee, 1981) was investigated
      among 2,355 strains of S. typhi isolated from 1981 to 1985 in Madagascar and some
      countries of tropical Africa: Burundi, Ivory Coast, Gabon, Mauritania, Central
      African Republic, Rwanda, Senegal, Zaire. A method based on the immobilization of
      motile strains in soft agar with immunserum anti-H:d, was used to detect strains
      carrying antigen H:z66. No African and malagazy strains had antigen H:z66,
      irrespective to their biovar, phage-type, drug susceptibility and geographical
      origin. These results were compared with a study of 2,121 indigenous or imported
      strains of S. typhi isolated in France during the same period. Except 4 strains
      from patients contaminated in Indonesia, all of them were also devoid of antigen
      H:z66. Future research is needed for a complete assessment of the geographical
      distribution of S. typhi antigen H:z66.

PMID- 3698152
TI  - [Vaccination against hepatitis B on the Ivory Coast: study of the anti-HBs
      response in healthy adult subjects carrying only anti-HBc antibodies before
      vaccination].
AB  - A total of 103 volunteers, from 18 to 55 years of age, have received the hevac B
      Pasteur 5 micrograms vaccine subcutane on sly; one injection a month during three
      months and one booster injection after one year. The study of the anti-HBs
      reaction of the subjects, with regard to the serological status to the hepatite B
      virus before inoculation, has shown that only 78.8% of the subjects, who are only
      positive towards the anti-HBc antibody, will develop an anti-HBs response of
      primary type with a relatively low value. In contrast, all anti-HBc and/or anti
      HBs subjects, who are positive before inoculation, react with relatively high
      anti-HBs values right after the first injection, of the seronegative subjects
      before inoculation. 93.3% will develop an anti-HBs seroconversion after the
      complete inoculation procedure.

PMID- 3698153
TI  - [Useful predators in the biological struggle against Glossina: neuropterous
      planipenne insects of the family Myiodactylidae endemic in the Australian
      biogeographical area].
AB  - Carnivorous larvae of Nevropterous Planipennes of family Myiodactylidae, insects
      endemic of Australian biogeographical area, hunt by ambush clinging to under face
      of tree leaves: so they are especially fitted for catching Glossines which like
      to seek shelter under leaves. According to their geographical distribution in
      Australian and New Guinea the different species of Myiodactylidae can live in all
      climatic and geographic zones where those Dipters occur. It is necessary to make
      methodical inquiries about possible existence in some of those biotopes of native
      African Planipennes of identical ecology, for avoiding competition harmful for
      them. Man must check, too, if larvae of Myiodactylidae are quick enough for
      catching Dipters beginning to fly very suddenly. Those larvae can attack too
      insects harmful for cultivated plants especially caterpillars, living under their
      leaves. So there is emergency for undertaking practical study of useful
      ecological possibilities resulting of introduction in Africa of Myiodactylidae,
      whose pedunculated eggs are the phase of life cycle most suitable for
      intercontinental transportation.

PMID- 3698154
TI  - Exercise physiology in the 1990's: mechanistically defining the exercise model.
AB  - Definition of the exercise model via a mechanistic approach is a goal which
      should be of high priority among sport researchers in the 1990's, in an attempt
      to further qualify previous phenomenological observations of exercising man.
      Prolonged argument on the "theory-versus-practice" issue is one which is counter
      productive in the advancement of knowledge in our discipline, and must be
      addressed and resolved. With specific emphasis on the neuromuscular control of
      movement, current research literature suggests that the components limiting to
      human performance may reside in the muscle, motoneurone and in the supraspinal of
      movement. Mechanistically defining the limits in each component, related to
      patterns of movement during exercise, may soon herald a reclassification of
      exercise types and their limits, defined by the particular system involved.
      Similarly, new evidence on adaptations throughout the neuromuscular system calls
      for a systematic study of these adaptations, how they influence structure and
      function of cell and organ systems, and their effects on the performance of the
      voluntarily exercising human. A mechanistic approach to these problems, using
      "simple" experimental models to more precisely define cause-effect, are
      justifiable and necessary in our field on the basis of the potential
      applicability of such information in the fields of design of exercise programmes,
      and the evaluation of their effectiveness, for normal and special populations.
      The problems associated with increased academic specialization and the
      communication gap which might result, are not inevitable. An enhancement of the
      proliferation of this knowledge and its interpretation in practical terms will
      result through our own awareness of the necessity of doing this, and through
      sensitization of our students to this issue.

PMID- 3698155
TI  - More on red blood cell genetic variation in Olympic athletes.
AB  - As a follow-up to De Garay et al. (1976) and Chagnon et al. (1984) studies, we
      are reporting on the genetic variation of four red blood cell enzymes in 49
      athletes with isoelectric-focusing and electrophoresis techniques. The athletes
      were Caucasians participating in the 1976 Montreal Olympic Games. They were
      performing in 5 different sports and the sample included 18 women and 31 men. No
      uncommon allele was found and all known alleles were detected for each enzyme.
      Phenotypes and gene frequencies were computed and compared with appropriate
      populations of reference. No significant differences were observed for any of the
      enzymes. Moreover, no association was found between variation in these proteins
      and participation in rowing (N = 25) or track (N = 13) event.

PMID- 3698156
TI  - Personality status of wrestlers of varying abilities as measured by a sport
      specific version of a personality inventory.
AB  - The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between personality and
      ability in wrestling. A wrestling-specific version of the Jackson Personality
      Inventory (JPI-W) was constructed and compared to the parent JPI. Wrestlers were
      categorized as qualifiers (N = 46) or nonqualifiers (N = 52) on the basis of an
      ability classification scheme which involved the previous year's performance at
      specified tournaments. These two groups were then examined for differences on
      eight JPI scales (anxiety, energy level, interpersonal affect, organization, risk
      taking, self esteem, social participation, and tolerance), eight corresponding
      JPI-W scales, wrestling age category (senior, junior, and juvenile), and
      wrestling experience. The results indicated that in comparison to nonqualifiers,
      qualifiers had significantly greater wrestling experience and higher self esteem
      as measured by the JPI-W.

PMID- 3698157
TI  - Physiological profiles of the Canadian Olympic Soccer Team.
AB  - Physiological profiles of elite athletes are becoming increasingly important both
      for the sport scientist and coach, primarily to effectively develop training
      programs and to use as a motivational tool in the pursuit of excellence.
      Descriptive profiles were developed on 16 aspirants of the Canadian Olympic
      Soccer team during their training program at U.B.C. Selected strength measures
      were obtained from a Cybex II isokinetic dynamometer at 30 degrees sec-1.
      Metabolic variables were derived utilizing a Beckman metabolic cart interfaced
      with a Hewlitt Packard 3052A data acquisition system. Protocols involved were the
      following: VO2max (initial velocity 8.05 km X h-1, greater than 0.805 km X min
      1); Anaerobic speed test (AST) (20% grade, 12.8 km X h-1). the nonlinear increase
      in excess CO2 was utilized to determine the anaerobic threshold (AT). (Table: see
      text). Recommendations emphasized maintenance of low body fat, increasing maximal
      aerobic power by approximately 10% and creating a hams/quads ratio of 60%. Also,
      a nutritional survey and periodic evaluation of iron status is necessary for the
      athletes.

PMID- 3698158
TI  - The relationship of individual anaerobic thresholds to total, alactic and lactic
      oxygen debts after a set treadmill run.
AB  - This study investigated the relationship of individual anaerobic thresholds to
      oxygen debt. Anaerobic threshold speed (VTAM) was determined for 21 male
      university students using a continuous ramp treadmill protocol. The onset of
      anaerobiosis was determined by visual inspection of excess CO2 elimination. The
      following week, all subjects ran at the treadmill speed 3.3 m.sec-1 for 10
      minutes (this speed split the group into two halves). Recovery oxygen consumption
      was monitored after this run. Application of double exponential equations by
      computer and subsequent integration was used to calculate total, alactic, and
      lactic oxygen debts. Subjects who ran above their VTAM (group L-VTAM) had
      significantly (p less than .05) higher total, lactic and alactic debts compared
      to subjects who ran below their VTAM (group H-VTAM). The total debt demonstrated
      a significant (p less than .05) negative correlation (r = .77) to VTAM in group L
      VTAM. This appears to be due to increasing lactic debt, that was also
      significantly (p less than .05) negatively correlated (r = -.73) to VTAM. Group H
      VTAM did not exhibit this characteristic. This study demonstrates that VTAM, as
      determined by excess CO2 elimination, is a critical factor in determining oxygen
      debt and therefore, work above this point (which results in the onset of
      metabolic acidosis) may limit the optimal running speed for a given distance.

PMID- 3698159
TI  - Supercompensation of muscle glycogen in trained and untrained subjects.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not trained athletes have
      the same capacity for supercompensation of muscle glycogen as untrained subjects.
      Muscle glycogen was measured in 4 highly trained cyclists and 4 untrained
      controls over a 6 day period of exercise and dietary manipulation. During the
      week prior to the investigation the trained group tapered their training load but
      maintained a high carbohydrate intake as they would in preparation for a major
      competition. Needle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis before and
      after exhaustive cycle ergometry at 73% VO2 max followed by several sprint
      intervals, after 3 days on a carbohydrate-restricted diet and after 2 and 3 days
      on a high carbohydrate diet. All food intake was quantified and plasma insulin
      and glucose were monitored daily. The mean initial glycogen concentration for the
      trained group was 115 mmol X kg-1 wet muscle weight and 92 mmol X kg-1 for the
      untrained group. Both groups showed similar post exercise depletion and recovery
      patterns when expressed as a % of their initial values. Following 3 days of high
      carbohydrate diet, the glycogen concentration for the trained cyclists reached
      174 mmol X kg-1 or 152% of its initial value while the untrained-group reached
      143 mmol X kg-1 or 155% of its initial value. It was concluded that a regimen of
      exhaustive exercise, followed by a period of carbohydrate restriction and a
      period of high carbohydrate intake, results in substantially higher muscle
      glycogen storage than can be achieved by a reduction in training in combination
      with high carbohydrate intake.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3698160
TI  - Squash ball mechanics and implications for play.
AB  - The purpose of this research was to examine how temperature and velocity affect
      coefficient of restitution and how temperature affects the force-deformation
      properties of balls used in the international game of squash. The balls used were
      the international yellow dot and a newly developed double yellow dot. Coefficient
      of restitution increased with temperature and decreased with increases in
      projection velocity. The effect of temperature was most marked at low projection
      velocities. Coefficient of restitution was smallest for the double yellow dot
      ball but differences between balls decreased with increases in both temperature
      and projection velocity. Static tests showed increasing ball stiffness with
      increases in both force applied and temperature, and the yellow dot ball showed
      the greatest stiffness. Static tests indicated that standards published by the
      Canadian Squash Racquets Association are inappropriate. These results are
      discussed in the contexts of play and testing and design criteria for the balls.

PMID- 3698161
TI  - The real time analysis of sport: an overview.
AB  - This paper describes a specific system analytic approach to the coaching and
      teaching of team sports. Computer technology is used to acquire the sequential
      history of critical events that occur during competition. A system is described
      that allows the analyst to enter data directly on a microcomputer and then
      compute relevant statistics for immediate use by the coach or teacher. The
      implications for the microcomputer system's use in high performance sports is
      also discussed.

PMID- 3698162
TI  - Disposition and metabolism of the antitumor glycoside phyllanthoside in mouse and
      beagle dog.
AB  - Phyllanthoside is a naturally occurring glycoside with activity against IP
      transplantable murine tumors. Phyllanthoside administered IV, to mice at a
      nontoxic dose of 16 mg/kg could not be detected in blood or plasma even 30 s
      after administration. There was rapid formation of a less polar metabolite, which
      disappeared with a half-life of about 10 min. When phyllanthoside was
      administered as an IV bolus to beagle dogs at doses of 0.1, 0.5, and 3.0 mg/kg
      the mean half-life of phyllanthoside elimination from plasma was 1.3 min and
      total body clearance 85.8 ml min-1 kg-1. A second phase of elimination was seen
      but could not be accurately defined. Only trace amounts of the less polar
      metabolite were detected in dog plasma. Infusion of phyllanthoside to beagle dogs
      at doses of 0.5 and 3.0 mg/kg over 70 min gave values for an initial half-life of
      0.3 and 0.6 min, a terminal half-life of 99.4 and 16.5 min, and a total body
      clearance of 11.2 and 49.2 ml min-1 kg-1, respectively. The highest nontoxic dose
      of phyllanthoside in dog was 0.1 mg/kg, while doses of 0.5 mg/kg and 3.0 mg/kg
      resulted in ataxia and death of the dog. There was no difference in toxicity to
      dog according to whether phyllanthoside was given by IV bolus or continuous
      infusion. Isolated hepatocytes from rat metabolized phyllanthoside at a rate of
      4.4 micrograms/min per 10(6) cells to form the less polar metabolite. Coculture
      with isolated hepatocytes decreased the cytotoxicity of phyllanthoside to A204
      human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line growing in soft agarose. It is suggested that
      rapid metabolism of phyllanthoside in mouse as against dog might account for the
      lower toxicity of phyllanthoside in mouse, and might also account for the
      reported poor antitumor activity of IV-administered phyllanthoside in the mouse.

PMID- 3698163
TI  - Comparative pharmacokinetics of antitumor Vinca alkaloids: intravenous bolus
      injections of navelbine and related alkaloids to cancer patients and rats.
AB  - The kinetics of distribution and elimination in rats of the antitumor drug
      navelbine and of two of its analogues, Na-formyl navelbine and deacetyl navelbine
      amide, have been studied by radioimmunoassay and compared with the kinetics
      obtained with vinblastine and vincristine. Fitting to two-exponential curves was
      used to derive pharmacokinetic parameters. Clearance was found to parallel
      toxicity for all drugs: it increases from 0.19 1 h-1 kg-1 for vincristine to 0.41
      for Na-formyl navelbine, 1.4 for vinblastine, 2.3 for navelbine, and 2.6 for
      deacetyl navelbine amide. Terminal half-lives were longer for the Na-formyl
      substituted alkaloids (around 13 h) than for the others (8-10 h). We have also
      studied navelbine kinetics in cancer patients entered in recent navelbine
      clinical trials and found that navelbine pharmacokinetics are characterized by
      fast and extensive distribution, high clearance (0.92 +/- 0.27 1 h-1 kg-1), and a
      relatively long terminal half-life (31.2 +/- 4.4 h). Relationships between
      chemical structure, pharmacokinetic properties, and toxicity or therapeutic
      efficiency within the Vinca alkaloid series are discussed, together with the
      relevance of animal models such as the rat in the screening of new antitumor
      drugs.

PMID- 3698164
TI  - Interaction between specific dietary factors and experimental chemotherapy of
      metastatic melanoma.
AB  - The single and combined effects of (a) dietary restriction of phenylalanine and
      tyrosine, (b) levodopa methylester chemotherapy, and (c) megadose sodium
      ascorbate supplementation on experimental metastasis was determined in B16-BL6
      melanoma. Dietary restriction and levodopa methylester therapy inhibited tumor
      outgrowth, whereas ascorbate alone was inactive. In combination, however, the
      effect of dietary restriction and levodopa methylester chemotherapy was augmented
      by sodium ascorbate. Tumor cells surviving this combination therapy (treated
      population) were isolated from the lungs of treated mice, and proved to be
      tumorigenic when inoculated SC into the back of naive mice. The resulting tumors
      grew more slowly than those produced by inoculation of similarly isolated control
      cells (control population), irrespective of whether the diet was adequate or
      deficient in phenylalanine and tyrosine. Failure of the treated tumor cell
      population to exhibit reduced sensitivity to the combination chemotherapy or,
      unlike the control population, to exhibit variation in pigmentation levels,
      suggests that the restriction of phenylalanine and tyrosine during drug therapy
      alters the tumor response to reduce heterogeneity and perhaps interferes with the
      emergence of drug resistance.

PMID- 3698165
TI  - Sequential methotrexate/5-FU: FdUMP formation and TS inhibition in a
      transplantable rodent colon adenocarcinoma.
AB  - Parameters for inhibition of thymidylate synthetase were studied after sequential
      methotrexate/5-fluorouracil (5-FU) administration in a dimethylhydrazine (DMH)
      induced transplantable rat colon carcinoma. Tumor-bearing rats were treated with
      methotrexate (MTX) 40 mg/kg IP Bolus 5-FU, 100 mg/kg IP, was injected after 24 h.
      Micromethods for assay of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylate (FdUMP) and thymidylate
      synthetase (TS) were used to study the in vivo intracellular pharmacokinetics of
      5-FU. Formation of FdUMP was equally rapid in tumors regardless of MTX
      pretreatment, with peak values found at 30 min. Although MTX pretreatment did not
      increase peak FdUMP levels, it appeared to result in increased persistence of
      FdUMP, well in excess of available TS-binding sites, at 24 and 48 h. The
      combination therapy was less effective in terms of TS inhibition over the first 8
      h after 5-FU administration, but may have been associated with improved TS
      inhibition at later time points. Total levels of TS (TStot) steadily increased
      from a pre-5-FU treatment level of 18.8 pmol to more than 40 pmol/g at 24 h. MTX
      per se had no apparent effect on baseline TStot levels or on the 5-FU-mediated
      increases in TStot. We conclude that MTX and 5-FU were antagonistic in terms of
      TS inhibition over the first 8 h after 5-FU in this DMH-induced rat colon
      carcinoma, but were possibly synergistic in increasing persistent levels of FdUMP
      and TS inhibition at later time points. The observation that 5-FU treatment can
      result in progressive increases in TS levels in some tumors suggests that this
      may be an important mechanism of 5-FU resistance.

PMID- 3698166
TI  - The mouse as a model for predicting the myelosuppressive effects of anticancer
      drugs.
AB  - We evaluated 17 clinically used anticancer drugs for their effects on total WBC
      and absolute neutrophil counts in BDF1 mice. These drugs were selected from three
      categories, based on their myelosuppressive effects in man: myelosuppression is
      dose-limiting; myelosuppression occurs but is not dose-limiting; or
      myelosuppression does not occur. The ability of each drug to cause
      myelosuppression in mice was determined by its effect on the neutrophil count 4
      days after single-dose treatment. The neutropenic effect of the maximum tolerated
      dose (LD0-20) of each drug was characterized as marked (greater than 65%
      decreases), moderate (35%-65% decreases), or minimal (less than 35% decreases) to
      correspond with the three clinical categories of myelosuppression. The
      neutropenic effects in mice correctly predicted (true + or true -) the
      myelosuppressive effects in man for 13 of the 17 drugs (76%). Marcellomycin and
      the platinum complexes cisplatin, carboplatin, and spiroplatin did not cause
      neutropenia at maximum tolerated doses. These represent false-negative
      predictions, since the drugs are myelosuppressive in man. The results with the
      platinum complexes indicate that this method is not suitable as a means of
      screening these agents for myelosuppression. Excluding the platinum complexes,
      the predictions were correct for 12 of 13 drugs (92%). Therefore, this model is
      considered a good predictor for the myelosuppressive effects of anticancer drugs
      in man (except platinum complexes) and can be used effectively to screen drugs
      for this toxicity. However, it is important that drugs identified by this system
      as being less myelosuppressive than the reference agent(s) be evaluated further,
      since all the incorrect predictions were false negatives.

PMID- 3698167
TI  - Pharmacokinetic study in a phase I trial with an alkylating agent,
      diacetyldianhydrogalactitol (DADAG).
AB  - Diacetyldianhydrogalactitol (DADAG), a new alkylating hexitol derivative, was
      given in 30-min infusions for 5 consecutive days or as a single high-dose
      administration. The parent drug was eliminated in a biphasic manner, with a
      terminal half-life of 30-40 h. Dianhydrogalactitol (DAG), the main,
      pharmacologically active metabolite, appeared after a lag time of about 0.2-0.6
      h. Its peak concentration was reached 1-2 h after termination of the infusion.
      The terminal elimination of DAG followed that of the parent compound. During the
      5-day schedule slight accumulation was observed, and the plasma concentrations of
      both compounds approached the steady state. Over a dose range of 75-1050 mg/m2
      the daily mean plasma concentrations of DADAG increased by only about 3-4 times.
      Dose-dependent expansions of the distribution volumes of the drug (Vc, V lambda,
      Vss) were observed. The behavior of DADAG and DAG in the body could be adequately
      described by a three-compartment open model. After equilibration the plasma
      levels of the parent compound and its metabolite were determined by the rate of
      return of DADAG from the peripheral compartment and its conversion to DAG.

PMID- 3698168
TI  - Relation between dose, plasma concentration and toxicity in a phase I trial using
      high dose intermittent administration of an alkylating agent,
      diacetyldianhydrogalactitol (DADAG).
AB  - Diacetyldianhydrogalactitol (DADAG), a new alkylating sugar alcohol derivative,
      was administered as single, 30-min infusions in doses ranging from 390 to 1200
      mg/m2. The dose-limiting toxicity was myelosuppression. The median times to WBC
      nadir and regeneration were 16 and 21 days, and to platelet nadir and recovery 20
      and 27, respectively. Nausea and vomiting occurred frequently and were of
      moderate severity. For phase II studies 900 mg/m2 DADAG given every 4-6 weeks is
      recommended. The area under the plasma concentration time curve (AUC) for DADAG
      did not increase in proportion with dose escalation; it changed only from 235.5
      +/- 70.7 to 262.4 +/- 71.5 micrograms h ml-1 between doses of 690 and 1050 mg/m2.
      No correlations between the dose administered and the nadir values for
      haemoglobin concentration, WBC and platelet counts, or the number of episodes of
      vomiting were demonstrable in this dose range. Such an association was revealed,
      however, when the above biological variables were related to the individual AUC
      for DADAG.

PMID- 3698169
TI  - An effective five-drug antiemetic combination for prevention of chemotherapy
      related nausea and vomiting. Experience in eighty-four patients.
AB  - Antiemetics of known efficacy have been shown to block mainly one of three
      neurotransmitter receptors in the brain. A combination of antiemetics, designed
      specifically for outpatient use and consisting of metoclopramide,
      thiethylperazine, diphenhydramine, dexamethasone, and diazepam, is capable of
      blocking multiple sites in the emesis pathway. Eighty-four patients receiving
      highly emetic chemotherapy (85% received cisplatin) completed 200 trials of this
      five-drug combination using two similar regimens. Complete control (i.e., no
      nausea or vomiting) was achieved in 45% and two or fewer episodes of vomiting was
      experienced in 72% of these 200 trials. The mean number of vomiting episodes was
      1.65, the median 1.0, and the range 0-15. Sedation was nearly universal, although
      no serious toxicity was encountered. Thus, this antiemetic combination designed
      for outpatient use proved highly effective in controlling nausea and vomiting
      associated with highly emetic anticancer treatment.

PMID- 3698170
TI  - Clinical pharmacology of intracarotid etoposide.
AB  - Pharmacokinetics studies were performed in ten patients who received VP-16 by
      intracarotid infusion at 100-300 mg/m2. VP-16 was analyzed by high-pressure
      liquid chromatography. ESTRIP and NONLIN were used to characterize VP-16
      pharmacokinetics. VP-16 disappeared biphasically, with a t1/2 beta of 6.1 +/- 1.4
      h; the total clearance was 26.8 +/- 2.8 ml/min/m2, and the Vss was 8.8 +/- 1.6
      l/m2. The pharmacokinetics was not significantly different after administration
      by the IV route. However, at a lower dosage, less than 140 mg/m2, the half-life
      appears to be shorter. This may or may not be significant, since VP-16
      pharmacokinetics is quite variable and the number of patients studied is
      relatively small. Overall, the brain and brain tumor do not appear to have any
      first-pass effect on VP-16 pharmacokinetics.

PMID- 3698171
TI  - Acute neurological toxicity of intrathecal cytosine arabinoside. A case report.
AB  - A patient developed severe neurological toxicity, with peripheral and cerebral
      components and hyponatraemia following one intrathecal injection of 80 mg
      cytosine arabinoside. The severity of his symptoms may reflect heavy prior
      neurotoxic chemotherapy.

PMID- 3698172
TI  - Characterization of cellular lipids in doxorubicin-sensitive and -resistant P388
      mouse leukemia cells.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine whether changes in cellular lipid
      composition accompanied the selection of cells that are resistant to the
      anthracycline doxorubicin. Total cellular lipid extracts from doxorubicin
      sensitive and doxorubicin-resistant P388 murine leukemia cells were prepared and
      separated into neutral glycosphingolipids, gangliosides, phospholipids, and
      neutral lipid families. No significant quantitative differences in total
      cholesterol, lipid-bound sialic acid, neutral hexose, and lipid-bound phosphate
      were found between the two cell lines. Gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of the
      fatty acids derived from each lipid class demonstrated that sensitive and
      resistant cells had essentially identical fatty acid compositions. Qualitative
      evaluation of the four lipid classes by high-performance thin-layer
      chromatography revealed only minor differences in lipid composition between the
      resistant and the sensitive cells. Results from this study indicate that although
      minor differences between the two cell lines are present, no major cellular lipid
      differences are evident to account for the marked differences in the cellular
      pharmacokinetics and cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin between doxorubicin
      sensitive and doxorubicin-resistant P388 murine leukemia a cells.

PMID- 3698173
TI  - Pharmacokinetic basis for the comparative antitumour activity and toxicity of
      chlorambucil, phenylacetic acid mustard and beta, beta-difluorochlorambucil (CB
      7103) in mice.
AB  - This report describes the relationship between the pharmacokinetics, antitumour
      activity and toxicity of chlorambucil (CHL), phenylacetic acid mustard (PAAM) and
      beta, beta-difluorochlorambucil (beta-F2CHL) in mice. Pharmacokinetics were
      studied by HPLC, antitumour activity by a regrowth delay assay using the KHT
      murine sarcoma and toxicity by acute LD50. For both antitumour activity and acute
      toxicity the order of potency was: PAAM greater than CHL greater than beta-F2CHL.
      CHL and PAAM exhibited identical therapeutic indices, whereas that for beta-F2CHL
      was somewhat improved. CHL is metabolized by mitochondrial beta-oxidation to the
      3,4-dehydro derivative (DeHCHL) and PAAM, and the latter is further metabolized
      to its monodechloroethylated derivative DeC-PAAM, presumably by hepatic
      microsomal enzymes. Administered PAAM gave only one metabolite, DeC-PAAM.
      Unexpectedly, despite beta, beta-disubstitution, beta-F2CHL was also beta
      oxidized to give DeHCHL and PAAM, but at reduced rates. Further, metabolic
      switching was demonstrated with the appearance in large amount of 2 new,
      unidentified metabolites, which may be dechlorethylation products. The
      pharmacokinetics of administered CHL, PAAM and beta-F2CHL differ in that the
      plasma clearance was fastest for CHL, slowest for PAAM and intermediate for beta
      F2CHL. For the metabolites, CHL produced peak plasma concentrations of DeHCHL and
      PAAM, respectively, 7-fold and 2-fold greater than those produced by beta-F2CHL.
      However, despite these differences, exposures to total bifunctional nitrogen
      mustards were similar following administration of the 3 drugs and therefore
      cannot account for their differential activity. In contrast, there was a good
      correlation between potency and PAAM exposure, which is highest after treatment
      with PAAM, intermediate after CHL and lowest after beta-F2CHL. In plasma, 3.2% of
      PAAM is present as nonprotein-bound free drug, compared to 1.3% for DeHCHL, 0.9%
      for CHL and 0.45% for beta-F2CHL. We propose the amount of free bifunctional
      nitrogen mustard, itself partly dependent on the extent of metabolism, to be of
      major importance for the in vivo potency of CHL analogues.

PMID- 3698174
TI  - Altered pharmacokinetics in the mechanism of chemosensitization: effects of
      nitroimidazoles and other chemical modifiers on the pharmacokinetics, antitumour
      activity and acute toxicity of selected nitrogen mustards.
AB  - We have studied the effect of misonidazole (MISO) on the antitumour activity,
      normal tissue toxicity and pharmacokinetics of four bifunctional nitrogen
      mustards: chlorambucil (CHL); phenylacetic acid mustard (PAAM), a metabolite of
      CHL; beta, beta-difluorochlorambucil (beta-F2CHL), an analogue which is
      metabolized less efficiently by the beta-oxidation pathway; and melphalan (MEL).
      MISO (2.5 mmol/kg) increased the response of the KHT tumour to CHL, PAAM and beta
      F2CHL by dose-modifying factors (DMFs) of 1.55-1.85, 1.35-1.65 and 1.5-1.8,
      respectively. In contrast, the activity of MEL was not altered. However, with 5.0
      mmol/kg MISO an enhanced response to MEL was observed (DMF = 1.35-1.55).
      Similarly, for CHL and PAAM, but not MEL, acute toxicity was also increased by
      2.5 mmol/kg MISO. The increase in toxicity with CHL and PAAM was similar to the
      increase in antitumour activity, and their therapeutic indices were unchanged.
      Effective chemosensitizers were shown to be powerful inhibitors of drug
      clearance. Thus, potent chemosensitizers such as MISO, the lipophilic analogue
      benznidazole (BENZO), the microsomal enzyme inhibitor SKF 525A, and the parent
      heterocycle imidazole all reduced the plasma clearance of CHL and its metabolites
      and therefore increased drug exposure (AUC). Conversely, the hydrophilic MISO
      metabolite Ro 05-9963 was a poor chemosensitizer and produced only very weak
      pharmacokinetic effects. As the DMFs for chemosensitization agreed very well with
      those for increased AUC, it seems likely that pharmacokinetic changes are the
      major cause of the enhancement of tumour response to CHL. For MEL,
      chemosensitization also appears to be related to pharmacokinetic changes. MISO at
      a dose of 2.5 mmol/kg produced no change in MEL pharmacokinetics and no
      enhancement of tumour response, whereas 5.0 mmol/kg MISO was effective on both
      counts.

PMID- 3698175
TI  - Inhibition of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II)--induced renal toxicity in the
      rat.
AB  - The hydroxyl-containing dithiocarbamates, sodium (di(hydroxyethl)-dithiocarbamate
      (NaY) and sodium N-methyl, N-dithiocarboxy-D-glucamine (NaG), appear to possess
      definite advantages over sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) in reducing the cis
      dichlorodiammineplatinum (Cis-Pt)-induced renal damage in rats given Cis-Pt as an
      IV bolus of 7.5 mg/kg 1 h before the IP administration of the dithiocarbamate.
      Renal damage, as estimated by blood urea nitrogen (BUN) values and serum
      creatinine levels, was less at all times up until sacrifice in animals given NaY
      or NaG than in those given DDTC. An even more effective method for suppression of
      Cis-Pt renal toxicity is to use a combination of procedures. The most efficacious
      combination involves a 24-h pretreatment with DDTC or NaG plus acetazolamide and
      normal saline hydration 30 min before administration of Cis-Pt, followed by post
      treatment with NaG. With this combination therapy renal function can be almost
      completely spared. Although DDTC or NaG pretreatment is highly effective when
      used in conjunction with NaG post-treatment, DDTC or NaG pretreatment alone has
      no renal sparing effect on renal function or renal platinum accumulation. In
      experiments in which antidotes were given 1 h after Cis-Pt and the animals were
      followed up for 75 days, a chronic interstitial nephritis at 75 days, suggesting
      a persistent cell-mediated immune response to Cis-Pt-induced renal damage, may be
      the basis for chronically abnormal renal function resulting from Cis-Pt.
      Treatment with all three dithiocarbamates, NaY, NaG, and DDTC, reduced the
      intensity of this cellular reaction and also reduced platinum levels in the
      kidneys. Although NaY and NaG are effective heavy metal chelators and renal
      function is spared and kidney platinum levels are substantially reduced by the
      dithiocarbamates, no parallel loss of antineoplastic activity by Cis-Pt on the
      rat Walker carcinoma was observed. Since the dithiocarbamates have no known human
      toxicity that would disqualify their clinical use, phase 1 clinical trials are
      indicated.

PMID- 3698176
TI  - The inhibitory effects of 5-fluorouracil on the metabolism of preribosomal and
      ribosomal RNA in L-1210 cells in vitro.
AB  - Addition of 5FU to the culture medium of mouse L-1210 cells resulted in
      inhibition of the maturation process of ribosomal RNA precursors in vitro. In the
      presence of 10(-6) M 5FU for 2 h, the 45S preribosomal RNA was processed to 32S
      preribosomal RNA, but 28S rRNA was not produced. The processing to 18S rRNA was
      intact at this drug concentration. Higher concentrations of 5FU for a longer
      incubation period affected the RNA processing more severely. At 10(-5) M of the
      drug for 24 h the processing to 28S rRNA and 32S preribosomal RNA. When the cells
      were labeled with 14C-UR for 2 h following 3H-5FU at 10(-6) M for 24 h, the
      radioactivities of newly synthesized RNA labeled with 14C-UR accumulated in the
      region of 45S and 32S preribosomal RNA, and no processing to 28S rRNA was
      observed. Radioactivity corresponding to 3H-5FU did not persist in the
      preribosomal RNA region, because further maturation proceeded in the condition of
      depletion of 5FU after the long incubation period. Thus, inhibition of the
      processing of preribosomal RNA to 28S rRNA was not brought about by the
      accumulation of 5FU-substituted 45S preribosomal RNA, but by some other, yet
      unknown, mechanism.

PMID- 3698177
TI  - Metabolic stability of experimental chemotherapeutic agents in hepatocyte:tumor
      cell co-cultures.
AB  - A U.S. National Cancer Institute screening program for new anticancer drugs,
      based on the growth of primary human tumor cells in an in vitro soft agar colony
      formation assay, has resulted in the identification of a number of compounds that
      have cytotoxic activity against primary human tumor cells in vitro but are
      inactive in the conventional in vivo murine P388 leukemia animal model pre
      screen. To investigate whether metabolic inactivation ov the compounds might be a
      factor in the lack of in vivo cytotoxicity we have co-cultured rat hepatocytes
      with A204 rhabdomyosarcoma and murine P388 leukemia cell lines in the soft
      agarose colony formation assay for 24 h during exposure to the compounds. Twenty
      compounds with a range of in vitro activities were studied. Thirteen compounds
      exhibited cytotoxicity against A204 cells in culture; nine of them were less
      active when co-cultured with hepatocytes, two were activated by hepatocyte co
      culture, and two showed no effect of hepatocyte co-culture. P388 cells were more
      sensitive to the antiproliferative effects of the compounds than A204 cells. Two
      compounds that were not active against A204 cells exhibited cytotoxicity against
      P388 cells. One compound was inactivated by hepatocyte co-culture and one showed
      no effect. Five compounds showed no cytotoxicity toward either A204 cells or P388
      cells. Two of the compounds showing hepatocyte inactivation in vitro possess
      activity in one or more in vivo tumor models. Thus, evidence for metabolic
      inactivation in hepatocyte co-culture is not always an indication for lack of in
      vivo antitumor activity. Hepatocyte co-culture methodology provides a simple and
      objective means, amenable to large-scale screening, of distinguishing metabolic
      activation or inactivation of a given compound from other pharmacokinetic and
      pharmacodynamic factors with a minimum of material.

PMID- 3698178
TI  - A rapid chromatographic procedure for the determination of adriamycin, daunomycin
      and their 13-OH metabolites adriamycinol and daunomycinol.
AB  - A rapid chromatographic procedure for the quantitative determination of the
      anthracycline antibiotics adriamycin and daunorubicin and their chief metabolites
      adriamycinol and daunorubicinol in plasma and urine is described. The extraction
      is performed using SEP-PAK silica cartridges. After filtration the eluate is
      chromatographed on a reversed-phase column.

PMID- 3698179
TI  - Cytostatic drug sensitivity test for human multiple myeloma, measuring monoclonal
      immunoglobulin produced by bone marrow cells in vitro.
AB  - An in vitro cytostatic drug sensitivity test for human multiple myeloma has been
      developed, predicting differences in sensitivity of the individual tumor to
      various anticancer drugs. Bone marrow preparations containing the tumor cells
      were incubated with cytostatic drugs and cultured for 10 days. Using an enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay we measured tumor products--monoclonal immunoglobulin
      and beta 2-microglobulin--in the culture supernatants. The reduction of these
      products in vitro due to the drugs administered was compared with the patients'
      further clinical course during treatment with different standard cytostatic drug
      regimens. We found a predictive value of more than 80% for this easily performed
      test.

PMID- 3698180
TI  - Randomized crossover antiemetic study in cisplatin-treated patients. Comparison
      between high-dose i.v. metoclopramide and high-dose i.v. dexamethasone.
AB  - This prospective, randomized, nonblind study comparing the antiemetic
      effectiveness of high-dose IV metoclopramide and high-dose IV dexamethasone was
      performed in 78 advanced cancer patients. Chemotherapeutic treatment consisted in
      cisplatin at a high-dose (120 mg/m2) (HD-CDDP) and at a low-dose (LD-CDDP),
      either alone (60 mg/m2) or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents (50
      mg/m2). The evaluation of the effectiveness of antiemetic therapy was based on
      three parameters: prevention of vomiting ("major protection"), number of emetic
      episodes, and subjective preference. Out of 78 study patients, 67 were evaluable.
      Overall, metoclopramide proved to be statistically superior to dexamethasone in
      preventing vomiting (P less than 0.005), in reducing the median/mean number of
      emetic episodes (P less than 0.001/0.001), and in subjective preference (P less
      than 0.01). The results divided between HD-CDDP and LD-CDDP groups were also in
      favor of metoclopramide for reduction of the median/mean number of emetic
      episodes (P less than 0.001/0.001 for the HD-CDDP group and P less than
      0.001/0.005 for the LD-CDDP group) and in subjective preference (P less than
      0.001 and P less than 0.001 for the HD- and LD-CDDP groups, respectively). No
      statistical differences were noted when LD-CDDP was used in monochemotherapy,
      whereas when LD-CDDP was used in combination chemotherapy, statistical
      differences in favor of metoclopramide were noted again for the median/mean
      number of emetic episodes (P less than 0.01/0.05) and for subjective preference
      (P less than 0.01), even though the effectiveness of both antiemetic agents was
      greatly reduced. The evaluation of previously untreated patients reflected the
      overall results: for the HD-CDDP group all three parameters demonstrated
      statistical significance in favor of metoclopramide; for the LD-CDDP group, of
      all three parameters, prevention of vomiting (major protection) was the only one
      for which there was no significant difference. Mild sedation was the only side
      effect of metoclopramide. No extrapyramidal reactions were noted during this
      trial, but concomitant orphenadrine treatment was given. Dexamethasone was always
      well tolerated. In conclusion, high-dose IV metoclopramide demonstrated its
      superiority over high-dose IV dexamethasone in all subsets of our population
      except the LD-CDDP monochemotherapy group, in which the two antiemetics were
      found to be equivalent in effect.

PMID- 3698181
TI  - Influence of polysorbate 80 (Tween 80) and etoposide (VP-16-213) on the
      pharmacokinetics and urinary excretion of adriamycin and its metabolites in
      cancer patients.
AB  - Polysorbate 80 (Tween 80) is present in the IV pharmaceutical preparation of VP
      16-213 marketed as VePesid (Bristol-Myers) (etoposide 100 mg, benzylalcohol 150
      mg, polyethylene glycol 300 3250 mg, citric acid 10 mg, Tween 80 400 mg and
      absolute alcohol to 5 ml per 100 mg ampule of VP16), to increase its miscibility
      with blood. We have examined the effects of 400 mg/m2 Tween 80 IV and 100 mg/m2
      VP16 on the pharmacokinetics of Adriamycin (ADR, 30 or 40 mg/m2). ADR and
      metabolite concentrations were measured by HPLC. ADR plasma profiles were best
      fitted to a bi-exponential decay and a two-compartment open model. Tween 80 did
      not alter the values of the two ADR half-lives, nor did it affect metabolite
      kinetics of their urinary excretion. However, in a similar manner and
      consistently in all patients, both Tween 80 and VP16 increased the volume of
      distribution of the central compartment for ADR up to 3-fold, decreased the AUC
      of ADR up to 2-fold and increased its clearance by exactly the same amount. These
      effects were due to reduced plasma ADR concentrations during the early phase of
      its kinetics. Urinary excretion of ADR was also increased. In conclusion, VP16 is
      likely to affect the kinetics of drugs administered with it: early plasma
      concentrations will fall due to a general physiological effect of Tween 80 on the
      apparent volume of circulation.

PMID- 3698182
TI  - Methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of squamous and other carcinomas
      of the head and neck.
AB  - Thirty-two patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck and three
      patients with parotid gland carcinomas were treated with methotrexate 40 mg/m2
      followed 1 h later by 5-fluorouracil 600 mg/m2. Treatments were repeated on day
      8, then every 2 weeks, toxicity permitting. Of 30 evaluable patients with
      squamous cell carcinomas, 9 (30%) achieved a partial (8) or complete (1)
      remission. Performance status and prior treatment history appeared to affect the
      probability of response. The original site of the primary had no apparent effect
      on response rate. Six patients having objective tumor regression but less than
      the amount required for classification as partial remission all had marked
      symptomatic relief and had "response" durations and survivals quite comparable to
      those in patients achieving partial remission. One patient with a parotid gland
      carcinoma attained a complete remission, one had a minor response, and one
      refused to return for follow-up. Myelosuppression and stomatitis were dose
      limiting in some patients, although the regimen was generally well tolerated.
      Three patients (9%) developed cerebellar toxicity, suggesting that prior ethanol
      abuse could possibly predispose to this side effect.

PMID- 3698183
TI  - Studies on the mechanism of gastrointestinal absorption of melphalan and
      chlorambucil.
AB  - The uptake of melphalan into tumour cells has been shown previously to involve
      active transport, while that of chlorambucil is by passive diffusion. In view of
      these findings, the mechanism of their gastrointestinal absorption was
      investigated using the in situ rat intestinal model. Segment lengths in all cases
      were (mean +/- SD) 47.2 +/- 4.7 cm. Drug absorption was monitored from control
      intestinal segments and from segments pretreated with the metabolic inhibitors
      2,4 dinitrophenol (DNP) or carbonylcyanide-M-chlorophenyl-hydrazone (CCCP).
      Aliquots of gut-perfusing solution were removed at 5-min intervals over 30 min
      and assayed for drug using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method
      selective for the alkylating agents. Absorption of melphalan by control animals
      was (mean +/- SD) 1.22% +/- 0.25% cm-1 gut length, as against 0.59% +/- 0.13% cm
      1 in DNP- and 0.45% +/- 0.07% cm-1 in CCCP-treated animals. Absorption of
      chlorambucil was 1.47% +/- 0.17% cm-1 (control), 1.49% +/- 0.06 cm-1 (DNP), and
      1.58% +/- 0.23% cm-1 (CCCP). It was clear, therefore, that pretreatment of
      intestinal segments with metabolic inhibitors led to a reduced absorption of
      melphalan (P less than 0.01) but did not influence that of chlorambucil. The
      experimental data suggest that melphalan uptake from the intestine involves an
      energy-dependent system whereas chlorambucil is passively absorbed.

PMID- 3698185
TI  - The pattern of metabolism of 2-acetylaminofluorene in carcinogen-induced
      hepatocyte nodules in comparison to normal liver.
AB  - This study was designed to test further the hypothesis that the special
      biochemical pattern seen in hepatocyte nodules during liver carcinogenesis could
      be of fundamental importance in their selective metabolism of one carcinogenic
      xenobiotic, 2-AAF, as related to their resistance to xenobiotics. Nodules of a
      certain stage were induced using the resistant hepatocyte model. The metabolism
      of a single small dose of 2-AAF in hepatocyte nodules in comparison to normal
      liver was studied at different time intervals up to 30 h. The levels of free 2
      AAF in nodules and in normal liver were approximately the same over the whole
      time period. However, the nodules showed a large decrease in the binding of 2-AAF
      to DNA, RNA and proteins as well as in the metabolic conversion to hydroxylated
      forms, both free and conjugated with glucuronic acid. The patterns of metabolic
      conversion to metabolites and of conjugation of the metabolites are in harmony
      with the known biochemical patterns in nodules, a decrease in phase I components
      involved in the metabolism of carcinogens and other xenobiotics and an increase
      in most phase II components involved in conjugation and detoxification.

PMID- 3698184
TI  - Can food affect the bioavailability of chlorambucil in patients with
      haematological malignancies?
AB  - Pharmacokinetic studies in ten patients with haematological disorders were
      undertaken on the first and second days of one course of chemotherapy. Patients
      received chlorambucil under fasting and non-fasting conditions. Plasma
      concentrations of chlorambucil were determined by a reversed-phase high
      performance liquid chromatography assay. Statistical analysis by the Wilcoxon
      signed rank test for non-parametric data indicated that food caused a significant
      reduction in peak plasma levels (P less than 0.01), elimination rate constants (P
      less than 0.01) and area under the plasma chlorambucil/time curve (P = 0.01).
      Food was also found to prolong the time taken to attain peak plasma levels (P
      less than 0.01). Regression analysis of renal function with elimination rate
      constants showed that chlorambucil elimination was independent of renal function
      (n = 8; r = -0.007; P = 0.72). In view of these results we suggest that
      chlorambucil is given on an empty stomach.

PMID- 3698186
TI  - Effect of methionine and choline on liver tumor promotion by phenobarbital and
      DDT in diethylnitrosamine-initiated rats.
AB  - The effect of the chronic feeding of methionine or choline on liver tumor
      promotion by phenobarbital (PhB) or 1,1 bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane
      (DDT) was studied in rats receiving an initiating dose of diethylnitrosamine
      (DEN). Male weanling rats were injected i.p. with DEN (200 mg/kg body wt).
      Control rats were injected with saline. Five days after the injection, the rats
      were placed on different diets containing 0.05% PhB or 0.05% DDT with or without
      added 1.5% DL-methionine or 1.0% choline chloride. Each diet was administered for
      72 weeks, when the animals were placed on the unsupplemented chow diet for an
      additional 30 weeks. Rats treated with DEN and then fed PhB or DDT developed an
      85-100% incidence of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). Single injection of DEN
      alone produced a 60% incidence of HCCs. Dietary feeding of methionine and choline
      either alone or in combination with PhB or DDT did not have any significant
      effect on the incidence of HCC's. Liver tumor formation was negligible in
      uninitiated rats. Lung metastases developed in 42% and 46% of the DEN + PhB- and
      DEN + DDT-treated groups, respectively. Supplementation of methionine in the diet
      lowered the incidence of lung metastases to 14% in the DEN + PhB-treated rats and
      to 19% in DEN + DDT-treated rats. Choline was not effective in inhibiting the
      development of lung metastases in either case. The injection of DEN alone
      produced a 54% incidence of lung tumors. PhB and DDT feeding lowered the DEN
      induced lung tumor incidence to 23% and 14% respectively. Further, when the data
      from different diet groups were combined it was found that single injection of
      DEN also doubled the incidence of leukemia normally seen in F344 rats. The
      present report constitutes the first evidence that a single injection of DEN
      induces lung tumors and enhances the incidence of leukemia in rats.

PMID- 3698187
TI  - The metabolism of N-nitrosomorpholine by rat liver microsomes and its oxidation
      by the Fenton system.
AB  - The metabolism of N-nitrosomorpholine by rat liver microsomes gave acetaldehyde,
      formaldehyde, glyoxal and N-nitroso-2-hydroxymorpholine. Oxidation of N
      nitrosomorpholine by Fenton's reagent gave acetaldehyde, glycolaldehyde, glyoxal,
      (2-hydroxyethoxy)acetaldehyde and N-nitroso-2-hydroxymorpholine. N-Nitroso-3
      hydroxymorpholine was synthesised. In water the new compound gave mainly
      acetaldehyde, with glycolaldehyde, (2-hydroxyethoxy)acetaldehyde and glyoxal.
      These observations indicated the probability of 3-hydroxylation in the biological
      and chemical oxidations. N-Nitroso-3-morpholone behaved similarly in water to the
      3-hydroxy compound, and gave mainly acetaldehyde, with glycollic acid, (2
      hydroxyethoxy)acetic acid and glyoxal. N-Nitroso-3-morpholone and N-nitroso-3
      hydroxymorpholine reacted with 3,4-dichlorobenzenethiol. The action of light or
      alkali on N-nitrosomorpholine gave glyoxal and labile glyoxal-yielding compounds.

PMID- 3698188
TI  - Loss of adenylate cyclase activity in preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions
      induced in rat liver by N-nitrosomorpholine.
AB  - Adenylate cyclase (AC) activity was demonstrated histochemically using adenylate
      (beta,gamma-methylene)diphosphate as substrate in cryostat sections of livers
      from 45 rats treated for 7-10 weeks with N-nitrosomorpholine (NNM) (120 mg/l
      drinking water) and from nine untreated control rats. The enzyme patterns of
      normal tissue, preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions were characterized and
      correlated with the morphologically defined stages of tumour development in the
      liver. Light microscopically, the enzyme activity of normal tissue was restricted
      to the plasma membrane, and was most pronounced along the bile canaliculi of the
      hepatocytes. In glycogen storage foci and mixed cell foci induced by NNM no, or
      only very weak, AC activity was visible. In the cells of neoplastic nodules and
      hepatocellular carcinomas AC activity was also clearly reduced. However, in small
      parts of the plasma membrane which lined lumina resembling normal bile canaliculi
      and in cytoplasmic vesicles closely associated with these structures, some AC
      activity was occasionally detected by light and electron microscopy. Whereas the
      tissue of normal appearance surrounding the lesions showed a marked increase in
      AC activity in the presence of glucagon, forskolin and cholera toxin. AC activity
      in the preneoplastic and neoplastic liver lesions could not, or could only
      weakly, be stimulated by this treatment. As demonstrated in serial sections of
      the foci, the reduction in AC activity corresponded to changes in the activity of
      other enzymes studied earlier in the same model. Thus the reduction in AC
      activity was accompanied by a decrease in the activity of glucose-6-phosphatase
      and glycogen phosphorylase, and by an increase in the activity of glucose-6
      phosphate dehydrogenase. The results support the concept that the focal changes
      in the activity of many enzymes (including those of carbohydrate metabolism)
      during hepatocarcinogenesis are the consequence of aberrations in superordinate
      regulatory mechanisms of cell metabolism.

PMID- 3698189
TI  - Pituitary regulation of cytochrome P-450-mediated metabolism of steroids and
      xenobiotics in rat liver microsomes.
AB  - In a previous paper we reported on the influence of sex and pituitary hormones on
      the selection of diethylnitrosamine-initiated, enzyme-altered cells by 0.02%
      (w/w) 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) and partial hepatectomy in the resistant
      hepatocyte model (RH-model). The islands of enzyme-altered cells in this model
      grew faster in male than in female rat liver and the growth rate was markedly
      decreased in male rats bearing ectopic pituitary grafts during the 2-AAF
      selection period. Male rats are also generally more susceptible to 2-AAF
      carcinogenesis than female rats. In order to investigate whether the sex
      differentiated response to 2-AAF selection and 2-AAF carcinogenesis might be due
      to pituitary control of xenobiotic metabolism, as previously shown for rat liver
      metabolism of steroid hormones, we have studied the influence of age, sex and
      pituitary hormones on the cytochrome P-450-mediated hydroxylations of 2-AAF and
      benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), O-deethylation of 7-ethoxyresorufin and the metabolism of
      4-androstene-3,17-dione (androstenedione) in rat liver microsomes. Microsomes
      from prepubertal rats had a generally higher capacity to metabolize the
      xenobiotic compounds whereas the capacity for androstenedione hydroxylation was
      low. In adult rats pronounced sex differences and a marked influence of pituitary
      hormones were observed in the microsomal formation of several 2-AAF metabolites
      as well as in B[a]P and androstenedione metabolism. The results clearly show that
      at least the oxidative pathways of 2-AAF and B[a]P metabolism are controlled by
      pituitary hormones in a similar way to the rat liver metabolism of steroids.
      These data do not, however, provide any explanation for the previously mentioned
      sex differences in the RH-model or in 2-AAF carcinogenesis. We therefore suggest
      that the pituitary regulation of other pathways of 2-AAF metabolism must be
      considered in order to clarify the biochemical background behind sexually
      differentiated 2-AAF carcinogenesis in rat liver.

PMID- 3698190
TI  - Interaction of (+/-)-7r,8t-dihydroxy-9t,10t-oxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyre
      ne with purified rat liver chromatin.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that in addition to serving as a target for covalent
      adduct formation, purified DNA catalyzes the detoxification of (+/-)-7r,8t
      dihydroxy-9t,10t-oxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BPDE). To begin to relate
      these in vitro findings with the processes important in carcinogenesis in vivo,
      we have prepared native chromatin from rat liver nuclei and analyzed its
      interactions with BPDE. Using several different methods to follow the hydrolysis
      of BPDE, we find the ability of chromatin to catalyse this detoxification is
      severely reduced relative to purified DNA. The rate of formation of covalent
      adducts is also reduced, although the final level of modification is almost the
      same in chromatin and purified DNA. The difference in rates could be an important
      in vivo protection mechanism, especially in the presence of competing
      nucleophiles, e.g.-SH compounds. In addition, non-covalent, physical binding to
      chromatin is altered, both quantitatively and qualitatively, compared with
      purified DNA. The specificity of covalent binding of BPDE to histone proteins in
      chromatin is identical to the specificity found in intact nuclei.

PMID- 3698191
TI  - U.v. wavelength dependence for the induction of ornithine decarboxylase activity
      in hairless mouse epidermis.
AB  - Induction of mouse epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity by u.v. radiation
      has been studied with a monochromator. Dose-response studies were carried out
      with 10 nm increments between 260 and 320 nm. Time-course studies were carried
      out at 280, 290 and 300 nm. Ornithine decarboxylase activity, assessed at 24 h
      post-irradiation, was induced in a dose-dependent fashion between 260 and 310 nm
      with peak activity at 280-290 nm. These data suggest that the chromophore is a
      protein.

PMID- 3698192
TI  - Genotoxic activity of some water-soluble derivatives of 5-methoxypsoralen and 8
      methoxypsoralen.
AB  - This paper shows some results obtained by assaying the genotoxic activity on
      procaryotic and eucaryotic cells of some water-soluble psoralen derivatives. In
      particular, six newly synthesized derivatives of 5-methoxypsoralen (5-MOP) and of
      8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) were tested; in previous studies they showed a strong
      anti-proliferative activity and a slight phototoxic effect; moreover, in view of
      a clinical use in the therapy of hyperproliferative skin diseases, these drugs
      should be less toxic than their parent compounds because of their good water
      solubility which could lead to a more efficient absorption and excretion. All the
      compounds tested here have shown genotoxic activity on both procaryotic and
      eucaryotic systems: however, on the procaryotic cells the water-soluble
      derivatives were less genotoxic than their respective parent compounds 5-MOP and
      8-MOP. Quite different results were obtained on V79 Chinese hamster cells,
      showing that, in general, the 8-methoxy-derivatives are more mutagenic than the
      methoxy-ones, although the 5-MOP itself was shown to be highly genotoxic in this
      system. This fact confirms that a conclusive estimate of the genotoxic risk
      related to the use of new drugs cannot be drawn from the results obtained on a
      single biological system.

PMID- 3698193
TI  - Identification of 4-(5-amino-2-furyl)thiazole (AFT) as a reductive metabolite of
      the carcinogen 4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)thiazole (NFT).
AB  - The chemical synthesis of 4-(5-amino-2-furyl)thiazole (AFT) and its formation
      during the in vitro reductive metabolism of 4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)thiazole (NFT) by
      rat liver tissues on anaerobic incubation with NADPH were examined. AFT was
      synthesized by catalytic reduction of NFT with 5% palladium on activated carbon.
      Purified AFT, a pale yellow powder, melted at 105 degrees C and had an extinction
      coefficient of 16.3 mM-1 cm-1 at 297 nm in methanol. The proton n.m.r. spectrum,
      i.r. and mass spectra were consistent with the assigned structure. Analysis of
      the ethyl acetate extract, following incubation of NFT with rat liver tissue
      preparations, revealed a metabolite whose chromatographic and mass spectral
      characteristics were the same as those obtained with synthetic AFT, thus
      establishing the structural identity of the metabolite as AFT. These data show
      that AFT is formed on reduction and could act as a precursor for the formation of
      1-(4-thiazolyl)-3-cyano-1-propanone as postulated earlier.

PMID- 3698194
TI  - The histology and development of hepatic nodules in C3H/He mice following chronic
      administration of phenobarbitone.
AB  - Male C3H/He mice were given 0 (control) or 85 mg/kg/day phenobarbitone (PB).
      Groups of five control and five treated animals were killed at 5, 10, 25, 40 and
      55 weeks; additional animals were allowed to live out their natural life span or
      killed at the termination of the experiment at 100 weeks. Small nodules of
      basophilic cells were seen in control animals at 55 weeks. These increased both
      in size and number so that at term nodules were found in 17/35 animals examined.
      Animals given PB showed typical centrilobular hypertrophy. Basophilic nodules
      were also seen in the treated animals and these were similar in form and in
      number to those seen in control animals. The total number of liver nodules seen
      in animals given PB was, however, greater than the number seen in control
      animals. The increased nodule burden was a result of the development of a second
      nodule type that was first seen in animals killed at 40 weeks. These nodules were
      formed of large eosinophilic cells that had a similar appearance to the
      hypertrophied cells of the centrilobular region. In contrast the incidence of
      carcinoma in PB-treated animals was not increased over that of the control group.

PMID- 3698195
TI  - Effect of dose on the induction of urothelial proliferation by N-[4-(5-nitro-2
      furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide and its relationship to bladder carcinogenesis in
      the rat.
AB  - The effect on urothelial proliferation of a urinary bladder carcinogen, N-[4-(5
      nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide (FANFT), fed to male F344 rats at doses of
      0.2, 0.1, 0.05, 0.01, 0.005 and 0.001% of diet for 4 or 10 weeks was evaluated by
      autoradiography, using [3H-methyl]thymidine, and by histopathology. At week 4,
      hyperplasia was induced in 10/11 and 6/11 rats given 0.2% and 0.1% FANFT,
      respectively. The dose-related increase of labeling index in the bladder
      epithelium was significant for the groups given 0.01% or higher doses of FANFT.
      At week 10, histopathologic lesions were observed in groups given 0.05% or higher
      doses of FANFT. This was accompanied by a significant increase in labeling index
      for these groups. The results are consistent with the long-term carcinogenicity
      studies conducted with the same dose levels of FANFT. The interrelationships
      between numbers of cells (hyperplasia), cell proliferation (labeling index) and
      cancer induction are discussed utilizing a computerized model of bladder
      carcinogenesis.

PMID- 3698196
TI  - Monitoring human exposure to ethylene oxide by the determination of haemoglobin
      adducts using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
AB  - Globin samples from ethylene oxide-exposed workers and non-exposed referrents
      were analysed by two methods: (i) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
      determination of Nt-(2-hydroxyethyl)histidine as its methyl ester
      heptafluorobutyryl derivative, after hydrolysis of the protein and isolation of
      the alkylated amino acid by ion exchange chromatography. The internal standard,
      Nt-(2-hydroxy-d4-ethyl)histidine, was added to the protein before hydrolysis.
      (ii) Determination of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)valine after derivatization of the
      protein by a modified Edman procedure, extraction and g.c.-m.s. determination of
      alkylated N-terminal valine in the form of its pentafluorophenylthiohydantoin
      derivative. The internal standard used was in this case a globin with a known
      content of hydroxy-d4-ethylated amino acids. The two methods gave consistent
      results, especially at high levels of alkylated products. The average content of
      hydroxyethylhistidine was 0.6 nmol/g higher than the content of
      hydroxyethylvaline. Higher levels of background alkylation (of unknown origin)
      were recorded with the histidine method as compared with the valine method,
      suggesting that the latter assay should show greater sensitivity for low level
      ethylene oxide exposure monitoring.

PMID- 3698197
TI  - Binding studies of [3H]lyngbyatoxin A and [3H]debromoaplysiatoxin to the phorbol
      ester receptor in a mouse epidermal particulate fraction.
AB  - The preparation of [3H]lyngbyatoxin A by catalytic triton-proton exchange of
      lyngbyatoxin A and [3H]debromoaplysiatoxin by tritiation-debromination of
      aplysiatoxin is described. The dose-response curves for the binding of
      [3H]lyngbyatoxin A and [3H]debromoaplysiatoxin to a mouse epidermal particulate
      fraction are virtually the same as the one previously described for [3H]12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate ([3H]TPA). The specific binding of [3H]TPA, [3H]
      lyngbyatoxin A and [3H]debromoaplysiatoxin to the mouse epidermal particulate
      fraction is inhibited to the same degree by unlabeled TPA, teleocidin,
      lyngbyatoxin A, aplysiatoxin and debromoaplysiatoxin. This study indicates that
      TPA, lyngbyatoxin A and debromoaplysiatoxin bind to the same high affinity
      receptor in mouse skin.

PMID- 3698198
TI  - 2-[(Aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol (WR1065) is anti-neoplastic and anti-mutagenic
      when given during 60Co gamma-ray irradiation.
AB  - We have studied the effect of 2-[(aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol (WR1065) on the
      induction of neoplastic transformation using 10T1/2 cells and on mutation at the
      hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) locus using Chinese
      hamster V79 cells. Here we report the first observations that treatment of 10T1/2
      cells with 1 mM WR1065 for a total of 35 min during irradiation with 60Co gamma
      rays significantly reduces the incidence of neoplastic transformation while
      having no effect on cell viability. In a similar experiment with V79 cells in
      which 4 mM WR1065 was used, we found a significant reduction in mutation
      frequency at the HGPRT locus and significant protection against cell killing.
      These results suggest that WR1065 acts to modulate both acute damage and sub
      lethal processes that lead to mutation and neoplastic transformation. Beyond the
      purely mechanistic approach of these studies, the potential application of these
      agents to minimizing the long-term neoplastic effects of radiation or
      chemotherapeutic agents currently in use for treating potentially curable cancer
      patients should be further investigated.

PMID- 3698199
TI  - In vitro colonization ability appears soon after initiation of
      hepatocarcinogenesis in the rat.
AB  - Hepatocytes were isolated from rat livers at various intervals after initiating
      hepatocarcinogenesis by a single administration of
      methyl(acetoxymethyl)nitrosamine after a partial hepatectomy. Proliferative
      hepatocyte colonies were regularly observed in primary cultures derived from
      initiated livers when these cultures were incubated in medium containing the
      liver tumor promoter, phenobarbital. Fewer colonies generally were observed in
      initiated cell cultures that were incubated without phenobarbital and in
      phenobarbital-induced cultures derived from non-initiated control livers. Because
      in vitro proliferative activity is a characteristic of malignant hepatocytes
      these results suggest that the feature of in vitro colonization may characterize
      a population of carcinogen-altered hepatocytes.

PMID- 3698200
TI  - Mutagenicity of the mononitrobenzo[a]pyrenes in Chinese hamster ovary cells
      mediated by rat hepatocytes or liver S9.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that 1- and 3-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene (NBaP) were
      mutagenic in the Salmonella reversion assay without exogenous activation and that
      1-, 3- and 6-NBaP were mutagenic in the presence of hepatocytes or liver
      homogenate (S9). In the present study, 1-, 3- and 6-NBaP were tested for
      mutagenicity in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells under activation conditions
      similar to those used in the bacterial studies. None of the NBaPs was mutagenic
      without exogenous activation and none was mutagenically activated by hepatocytes
      from unpretreated rats or rats pretreated with Aroclor 1254 or 3
      methylcholanthrene. Benzo-[a]pyrene (BaP), the parent compound, induced a strong
      mutagenic response under all hepatocyte mediation conditions. The NBaPs did
      produce positive mutagenic responses with S9 activation (3- = 1- greater than 6
      NBaP), but these moderate responses were less than those of BaP. The difference
      between the bacterial and CHO results under the variety of activation conditions
      suggests the importance of the endogenous metabolism of the target cell as well
      as the source and the type of exogenous metabolic activation.

PMID- 3698201
TI  - Nitrosamines and nitrosamine precursors in foods from Linxian, China, a high
      incidence area for esophageal cancer.
AB  - Nitrosamines and precursor secondary amines were assayed in foods from families
      in four villages of the esophageal cancer high incidence area of Linxian, Henan
      Province, People's Republic of China. Amines (as tosylamides) and nitrosamines
      were readily detected at p.p.m. and p.p.b. levels, respectively, in all samples.
      In this small preliminary survey (25 families, four villages), however, there
      were no strong correlation between the levels of the carcinogenic nitrosamines or
      the precursor secondary amines with the incidence of esophageal cancer in the
      individual families. The success of the analytical procedures suggests that a
      more extensive study is warranted.

PMID- 3698202
TI  - Comparison of O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase activity based on cellular DNA
      content in human, rat and mouse tissues.
AB  - O6-Alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (alkyltransferase) is the repair protein for
      O6-alkylguanine, a pre-mutagenic adduct formed by a variety of alkylating agents.
      Previous comparisons of the repair capacity of O6-alkylguanine in different
      tissues have expressed the alkyltransferase activity relative to total protein,
      and have asserted that tissues with low levels of activity were at greater risk
      for mutagenic damage than tissues with higher levels of activity. Because the
      alkyltransferase uses DNA as substrate, and because tissues vary greatly in
      protein content, comparisons of tissue alkyltransferase activity may be more
      appropriately based on cellular DNA content. We compared alkyltransferase
      activity relative to tissue DNA content with the activity related to protein
      content in human, rat and mouse tissues. In each species, liver containing the
      highest level of activity using either method. In agreement with the findings of
      others, low levels of alkyltransferase activity relative to protein were seen in
      human brain, rat brain and small intestine, and mouse kidney. However, based on
      alkyltransferase activity relative to DNA content, low levels of activity were
      seen in human bone marrow myeloid precursors, rat bone marrow, brain and
      intestine, and mouse spleen and bone marrow. The range of activity between
      tissues was 18-fold in human, 15-fold in rat and 8-fold in mouse. In general, the
      rank of alkyltransferase activity relative to DNA for each tissue was human
      greater than rat greater than mouse. These results suggest that the mouse is more
      susceptible to nitrosoureas than rat or human. In each species, the organs with
      low levels of alkyltransferase activity relative to tissue DNA content would
      appear to be targets for mutagenic damage following nitrosourea exposure.

PMID- 3698203
TI  - A glutathione transferase in human leukocytes as a marker for the susceptibility
      to lung cancer.
AB  - Leukocyte isozyme(s) of glutathione transferase (GT-tSBO) has been shown to be
      dominantly inherited. The frequency of the phenotypes of this isozyme in
      bronchial carcinoma and control patients matched for age and smoking history is
      reported here. Control smokers showed an increased likelihood of having GT-tSBO
      (59%) compared with lung cancer patients (35%). The lack of GT-tSBO was related
      to the extent of smoking by the lung cancer patients but not to the pathology of
      the lung tumor. It was concluded that the gene expressing this isozyme(s) may be
      a host genetic determinant of susceptibility to lung cancer in smokers.

PMID- 3698204
TI  - Is intercalation a critical factor in the covalent binding of mutagenic and
      tumorigenic polycyclic aromatic diol epoxides to DNA?
AB  - The tumorigenic and mutagenic effects induced by polycyclic aromatic diol
      epoxides are widely believed to involve the covalent binding of these
      electrophilic metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to DNA. Here the
      relationships between the formation of non-covalent intercalation complexes with
      DNA, the DNA-catalyzed reaction rates, the formation of tetraols (which
      constitutes a detoxification pathway) and the level of covalent binding to DNA,
      are examined critically within the context of available experimental results.
      When the rates of reaction of the diol epoxide molecules at DNA binding sites
      dominate over those in the external aqueous solution, the level of covalent
      binding is independent of the intercalative non-covalent binding (association
      constant K, M-1) which precedes the covalent binding reaction. However, under
      conditions in which DNA does not catalyze or enhance the reaction rate of diol
      epoxide molecules (e.g. at high salt concentrations), or when there are efficient
      competitive reaction pathways in the solution external to the DNA, the level of
      covalent binding to DNA is predicted to be directly proportional to K. Since
      these latter reaction conditions are expected to prevail in a cellular
      environment, the ability of a given diol epoxide derivative to form intercalative
      non-covalent complexes with DNA prior to covalent binding should be an important
      factor in determining the biological activities of these compounds. The
      experimental conditions which are suitable for testing the relationships between
      non-covalent intercalative complex formation and covalent binding to DNA in vitro
      are described.

PMID- 3698205
TI  - Transport of dimethylamine, a precursor of nitrosodimethylamine, into stomach of
      ferret and dog.
AB  - Dimethylamine is important because it is a precursor of nitrosodimethylamine, a
      suspected carcinogen in man. Significant quantities of dimethylamine and nitrite
      are found in gastric fluid, and conditions in the stomach are favorable for
      nitrosodimethylamine formation. Little is known about the origins of
      dimethylamine in gastric fluid. Studies were performed to determine whether
      dimethylamine can be transported from blood to gastric fluid. There was no
      diurnal variation of the dimethylamine content in gastric fluid or blood from
      untreated dogs. We administered 50 mg/kg dimethylamine i.v. to dogs and ferrets
      and collected blood and gastric fluid samples at timed intervals. In both species
      we observed similar kinetics of dimethylamine distribution into biologic fluids.
      Dimethylamine concentrations in blood and gastric fluid rose rapidly during the
      first minutes after treatment. Blood dimethylamine concentrations peaked within
      30 min after the dose (rising from 10 to 430 nmol/ml in the dogs, and from 30 to
      430 nmol/ml in the ferrets). Dimethylamine concentrations in blood slowly
      decreased thereafter. Gastric fluid dimethylamine concentrations continued to
      rise for 3 h after the dose (from 40 to 540 nmol/ml in the dogs, and from 40 to
      1056 nmol/ml in the ferrets). Gastric fluid dimethylamine remained elevated for
      more than 5 h. Between 1 h and 5 h after treatment, gastric fluid dimethylamine
      concentrations were significantly higher than blood dimethylamine concentrations
      (by greater than 2.5 X). In gastric fluid from control animals, dimethylamine
      concentration exceeded monomethylamine concentration, which in turn was higher
      than trimethylamine concentration. Administration of dimethylamine transiently
      increased gastric fluid monomethylamine content, but had little effect upon
      trimethylamine concentration. These data demonstrate that dimethylamine is
      efficiently transported from blood into gastric fluid.

PMID- 3698206
TI  - Tumor-promoting activity of benzodiazepine tranquilizers, diazepam and oxazepam,
      in mouse liver.
AB  - The widely used benzodiazepine tranquilizers diazepam and oxazepam promoted
      development of hepatocellular hyperplastic foci and hepatocellular neoplasms
      (adenomas and carcinomas) when they were fed in diet to male B6C3F1 mice after
      initiation by N-nitrosodiethylamine. Diazepam was more effective than oxazepam
      and its effect was proportionate to dose. Both diazepam and oxazepam induced
      hepatomegaly, cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome P-450-dependent aminopyrine N
      demethylase activity in hepatocytes, effects similar to those produced by a well
      known rodent liver tumor promoter, phenobarbital. In view of the importance and
      widespread use of this class of compounds, more work is warranted to examine
      their effects on tumor development in different mammalian species.

PMID- 3698207
TI  - Cell cycle-dependent modulation of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase in
      C3H/10T1/2 cells.
AB  - O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) was measured in partially
      synchronized cultures of C3H/10T1/2 mouse embryo cells as a function of cell
      cycle. The degree of synchrony and progression of the cell cycle were monitored
      by flow cytometry. The MGMT level was significantly reduced prior to the onset of
      S-phase. This reduction was concomitant with the inhibition of in vivo repair of
      O6-methylguanine in DNA of S-phase cells as observed earlier. The recovery of the
      MGMT level paralleled the progression of synchronized cells into G2. S-phase
      cells purified by cell sorting contained approximately 15% of the MGMT present in
      G0 or early G1 cells. A comparison of the in vivo repair of O6-methylguanine and
      MGMT levels suggests that the lack of repair of O6-methylguanine in DNA of the
      mouse embryo cells is due only in part to a temporal loss of MGMT.

PMID- 3698208
TI  - Mutagenic activity and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon levels in urine of humans
      exposed to therapeutical coal tar.
AB  - The urinary mutagenicity and the excretion of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
      (PAH) in three non-smoking male patients, treated for psoriasis with cutaneous
      applications of crude coal tar, were analysed. Mutagenicity of the urinary
      extracts was measured by the plate incorporation assay using Salmonella
      typhimurium strains TA 98 and TA 100 in the presence of liver S9 fraction from
      Aroclor-induced rats with or without beta-glucuronidase. After concentration,
      hydrolysis and reduction of the urine sample, PAH levels were measured by high
      resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Following cutaneous treatment
      with coal tar, the urine of all three subjects showed noticeable levels of PAH
      and/or metabolites and marked mutagenicity both on strain TA 98 and TA 100 in the
      presence of S9 fraction. The addition of beta-glucuronidase increased the
      mutagenicity of the urinary extracts, the maximum values being attained on strain
      TA 100 in the presence of both microsomal fraction and deconjugating enzymes. The
      mutagenicity of urinary extracts from subjects treated therapeutically with crude
      coal tar was correlated (r = 0.788, P less than 0.01) with the total PAH levels
      in their urine. The PAH excreted in urine were mainly low molecular weight
      compounds, while benzo[a]anthracene was present in scarce amounts and the
      excretion of benzo[a]pyrene did not increase following the cutaneous exposure to
      the crude coal tar.

PMID- 3698209
TI  - Carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of chromium compounds: the association between
      bronchial metaplasia and neoplasia.
AB  - Over the last 40 years, experiments with animals and epidemiology of exposed
      human populations have established that certain hexavalent chromium-containing
      compounds are capable of causing cancer whilst trivalent materials are not. More
      recently, a variety of short-term genotoxicity tests (predictive of
      carcinogenicity) have clearly demonstrated that Cr[VI] is genotoxic per se, and
      that all Cr[VI]-containing materials which have been tested are genotoxic. What
      experiments have failed to demonstrate clearly, however, is which of the myriad
      of industrially available hexavalent materials are carcinogenic and which are
      not. In this long-term study we have looked at the incidence of squamous
      metaplasia in the bronchial epithelium of rats exposed to a range of chromium
      containing materials by intrabronchial implantation. Squamous metaplasia is
      generally considered to be a transformed state from which squamous carcinoma may
      arise. We have shown that its incidence is increased in all groups exposed to
      Cr[VI]-materials, and in rats exposed to the reference carcinogen 20
      methylcholanthrene. Squamous metaplasia was not increased in rats exposed to
      Cr[III] materials. Of rats exposed to Cr[VI], only those receiving materials of
      sparing aqueous solubility developed bronchial squamous carcinoma at
      statistically significant levels. These results strongly support the hypothesis
      that although Cr[VI] per se is biologically active, producing genotoxic effects
      and pathological changes which may predispose to the development of cancer, only
      Cr[VI] materials of sparing aqueous solubility seem to be capable of evoking a
      carcinogenic response.

PMID- 3698210
TI  - Artifactual nitrosation in the lung perfusion apparatus.
AB  - Teflon tubing used in the isolated, ventilated and perfused lung apparatus (IVPL)
      was found to yield artifactually high values for nitrosamine formation after it
      had been exposed to nitrite. In contrast to an earlier report, we found that
      submilligram levels of nitrite do not react to form significant quantities of
      nitrosamine in the IVPL apparatus over a period of 1 h if contamination from the
      tubing is prevented.

PMID- 3698211
TI  - Substrate utilization and high energy phosphate levels of hearts from
      hyperdynamic septic rats.
AB  - Experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that the previously
      demonstrated depression in ventricular function of rats with hyperdynamic sepsis
      was a result of depressed high energy phosphate levels or altered myocardial
      substrate utilization. Rats were inoculated with a pooled fecal homogenate, and
      48 hr later their hearts were removed and studied using the Langendorff
      preparation. The coronaries were perfused with a hydrostatic pressure of 90 mmHg,
      and hearts were paced at 310-320 beats/min. Substrate oxidation was determined by
      supplying 14C-labeled glucose, lactate, or palmitate in physiologic
      concentrations, ie, 5.5, 1, and 0.6 mM, respectively. Hearts were frozen either
      in situ or after 40-50 min of perfusion for the determination of tissue
      metabolite levels. Myocardial content of high energy phosphates, total adenine
      nucleotides, and creatine were similar in septic animals and time-matched
      controls both in situ and after perfusion. Oxidation of exogenous substrates
      accounted for the total myocardial O2 consumption in both groups of perfused
      hearts. Palmitate oxidation was responsible for approximately 50% of the total O2
      consumption of the heart, with glucose accounting for approximately 20% and
      lactate for the remainder. The percentage contribution of the three substrates to
      oxidative metabolism was similar in hearts from septic and time-matched controls;
      therefore, myocardial substrate preference was not altered by sustained sepsis.
      These studies also indicate that ischemia and the concomitant fall in high energy
      phosphates do not contribute to the myocardial dysfunction of hyperdynamic
      sepsis.

PMID- 3698213
TI  - Ninth annual conference on shock. Scottsdale, Arizona, Sunday, June 8-Wednesday,
      June 11, 1986. Abstracts.

PMID- 3698212
TI  - Infusion volumes of Ringer's lactate and 3% albumin solution as they relate to
      survival after resuscitation of a lethal intestinal ischemic shock.
AB  - Previously, we have shown improved survival rate with colloid solutions of 2-4%
      concentration compared to 10% solutions or a colloid-free electrolyte solution,
      when given in volumes required to maintain the same intravascular volume
      expansion. This study examines the effect of increasing infusion volumes of
      Ringer's lactate (RL) and 3% albumin on survival time and blood volume expansion
      using the lethal intestinal ischemic shock model in rats. Shock was induced by
      exteriorization of the small intestine with added occlusion of the superior
      mesenteric vessels for 75 minutes. Untreated animals developed hemoconcentration
      to 60% in hematocrit (Hct), representing a plasma volume (PV) decrease to 57% of
      the preshock level. Infusion of 3% albumin increased PV linearly up to 200% above
      shock levels with infusion volumes of 0-45 ml/100 g bwt. RL increased PV linearly
      up to 80% above shock baseline level with infusion volumes up to 50 ml/100g. No
      further PV increase occurred despite increasing volumes of RL. No infusion
      volume, therefore, of RL restored PV to preshock levels. To achieve the same
      volume expansion up to 80% above the shock PV levels, 4.4 times larger volume of
      RL was needed compared to 3% albumin solution. With the same volumes infused (up
      to 45 ml/100 g), 4-5 times more of the 3% albumin volume infused remained in the
      vascular space compared to RL. Also, the excreted volume was larger with albumin
      than with RL, for the same volumes infused. Accordingly, the major portion of the
      infused RL (60-80%) was located in the extravascular space. No control animals
      survived 24 hours. Survival time was prolonged with both RL and 3% albumin
      infusions. The effect on survival time with albumin was obtained with
      approximately 25% of the fluid required for RL.

PMID- 3698214
TI  - Reconstruction of propagated electrical activity with a two-dimensional model of
      anisotropic heart muscle.
AB  - The propagated electrical activity in normal anisotropic cardiac muscle is
      characterized by directionally dependent variations in the rising phase of the
      action potential. An important question concerns the relation between such
      variations and the propagation velocity and extracellular potentials. This
      problem was studied here in a sheet of cells, under conditions of uniform
      intracellular anisotropic resistivity and constant electrical membrane
      properties, through a numerical solution of the two-dimensional propagation
      equation. The numerical solution implies a lumping of the cytoplasmic and
      intercellular resistances into an equivalent junctional resistance to form a
      distributed resistive network representing the intracellular domain. The
      interstitial space is assumed isotropic and unbounded, with a resistivity of 100
      omega X cm. The electrical properties of the cell membrane are represented by a
      Beeler-Reuter model. The stimulus current is applied to a small area of the
      sheet, and attention is focussed on the stable propagated events occurring some 5
      or 6 length constants away from the stimulation site. The numerical solution is a
      good approximation of a continuous uniform structure when the cell size is less
      than 10% of the length constant along both major axes. Conditions of non-uniform
      propagation, with directionally dependent variations in the maximum rate of rise
      and time constant of the foot of the action potential were simulated by
      increasing the cell size to 30% of the length constant in the transverse
      direction of the sheet. Our results indicate that the directional changes in the
      maximum rate of rise correspond to small modifications of the extracellular
      potentials, while the directional changes in time constant of the foot are
      associated with the propagation velocity. The maximum effects are observed along
      the transverse direction as follows: a 19% increase in maximum rate of rise
      corresponds to a decrease of about 6% in the peak-to-peak amplitude of the
      extracellular potential, and a 24% increase in time constant of the foot is
      associated with a decrease of about 7% in the propagation velocity. Under the
      conditions of the present study, however, the simulated directional changes in
      maximum rate of rise are smaller than those experimentally observed so the
      corresponding changes in the extracellular potentials are probably
      underestimated.

PMID- 3698215
TI  - Functional characteristics of intramyocardial capacitance vessels during diastole
      in the dog.
AB  - In order to evaluate the functional characteristics of the intramyocardial
      capacitance vessels during prolonged diastole, we analyzed the response of
      coronary vein flow after stepwise changes of coronary artery pressure in
      anesthetized open-chest dogs by using our newly developed laser Doppler
      velocimeter with an optical fiber. The peripheral portion of the great cardiac
      vein was isolated and the optical fiber tip was inserted into the vessel. The
      left anterior descending coronary artery was cannulated and connected to a
      reservoir to regulate coronary perfusion pressure. Intracoronary adenosine
      administration was carried out to avoid any change in coronary vasomotor tone.
      After 15 seconds of occlusion of the perfusion route, the heart was arrested by
      pacing-off. Two seconds later, coronary perfusion pressure was increased stepwise
      to a preset target pressure. This procedure was repeated by changing target
      pressure at 4 (or 5) different pressure levels (31-105 mm Hg). The great cardiac
      vein flow became zero due to the cardiac arrest and remained at zero for a moment
      (dead time) after the initiation of reperfusion. Then the flow reappeared and
      increased with first order time delay. The presence of dead time indicates the
      existence of unstressed volume, and the first order time delay represents the
      product of resistance and capacitance. The unstressed volume with a minimal
      vasomotor tone for perfusion pressure of 60-90 mm Hg was 5.2 +/- 2.2 ml per 100 g
      left ventricle, which is comparable to coronary blood flow for several beats. The
      capacitance at perfusion pressure of 60-90 mm Hg was 0.08 +/- 0.04 ml/mm Hg per
      100 g left ventricle, while that at low perfusion pressure (30-50 mm Hg) was 0.14
      +/- 0.09 ml/mm Hg per 100 g left ventricle. These results indicate that the
      intramyocardial capacitance vessels have two functional components, and that the
      phasic nature of coronary vein flow is solely the result of the myocardial
      squeezing of the blood in the capacitance vessels.

PMID- 3698216
TI  - Atrial reentry around an anatomic barrier with a partially refractory excitable
      gap. A canine model of atrial flutter.
AB  - We have characterized, in dogs, a model of inducible regular atrial tachycardia
      that resembles atrial flutter. The model involves creating a Y-shaped lesion
      comprised of an intercaval incision and a connected incision across the right
      atrium. It is suitable for serial studies of the effects of pacing or
      antiarrhythmic drugs in chronically instrumented animals studied in the awake
      state for at least several months. The postoperative cycle length of the induced
      tachycardia varies from 143 to 188 msec, depending on the size of the dog. The
      tachycardia cycle length was consistent for each dog, and the rhythm--once
      induced--was very stable until terminated by pacing. The mechanism of the
      tachycardia was reentry due to circus movement based on the ability to induce and
      terminate it by premature impulses or overdrive, the ability to reset the
      tachycardia by single premature stimuli, the pattern of entrainment during
      overdrive stimulation, and the ability to terminate the tachycardia by
      interrupting the conduction pathway. The window of reset determined by the range
      of coupling intervals of premature stimuli that were able to enter and reset the
      tachycardia ranged from 56 to 82 msec. There appears to be incomplete recovery of
      excitability by the end of the excitable gap as evidenced by the fact that even
      late premature impulses that enter the reentrant circuit conduct more slowly than
      the tachycardia impulse, and because stimulation of muscarinic receptors that
      shortens the duration of the action potential and refractoriness also reduces the
      cycle length of the tachycardia. Epicardial and endocardial activation mapping
      during tachycardia showed the reentrant pathway does not merely encircle the
      lesion, particularly over the left atrial epicardium near the intercaval lesion.
      Rather, the impulse appears to travel around the atrial tissue just above the
      tricuspid ring, including a portion that travels through the right side of the
      lower intraatrial septum. Thus, the model involves circus movement around an
      anatomic barrier through normal tissue that contains no depressed segments.
      During the circus movement, there is a relatively long excitable gap during which
      there is incomplete recovery of excitability. This model should be useful for
      studies of the mechanism of antiarrhythmic drug action and the responses to
      premature stimulation in this particular subclass of reentrant rhythms, and for
      comparison with the behavior and responses of other forms of reentry.

PMID- 3698217
TI  - Stimulation of pulmonary vagal afferent C-fibers by lung edema in dogs.
AB  - In anesthetized, open-chest dogs we examined the effect of pulmonary edema on the
      firing frequency of afferent vagal fibers arising from the lung. We recorded
      impulses from slips of the cervical vagus nerves and infused isotonic Krebs
      Henseleit solution (20% of body weight) intravenously to increase net filtration
      pressure in the lung microvasculature. Measurement of extravascular lung water
      (6.0 +/- 0.4 g/g dry lung), and morphological examination of lung tissue
      (revealing various degrees of perivascular and peribronchial cuffing) confirmed
      that edema was present. At the end of the infusion when the lungs were congested
      (lung microvascular pressure, 37 cm water) and edematous, the impulse frequency
      of pulmonary and bronchial C-fibers and rapidly adapting receptors had increased
      5-6 times. The only significant change in slowly adapting receptor activity was
      an increase during deflation. When lung water was still elevated but lung
      microvascular pressure had been restored to control by withdrawal of blood,
      impulse activity of rapidly and slowly adapting receptors reverted to or below
      control. Pulmonary C-fiber activity, although less than during congestion,
      remained significantly above control, several C-fibers being stimulated by
      interstitial edema in the absence of alveolar edema. Bronchial C-fibers were
      stimulated in severely edematous lung showing pronounced peribronchial cuffing
      and alveolar edema, but were not stimulated in milder grades of edema. Our
      results support the hypothesis (Paintal, 1969) that pulmonary C-fibers (J
      receptors) are stimulated by an increase in interstitial pressure secondary to
      edema.

PMID- 3698218
TI  - The effect of pericardiectomy on maximal oxygen consumption and maximal cardiac
      output in untrained dogs.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that the pericardium limits maximal oxygen consumption by
      limiting stroke volume and cardiac output, we studied 10 untrained dogs during
      submaximal and maximal exercise before and after pericardiectomy. Seven
      additional dogs were studied before and after a sham operation. All dogs were
      instrumented chronically with aortic and pulmonary artery catheters. Dogs were
      tested by running on a motor-driven treadmill, 4-6 times before and after
      pericardiectomy or sham operation. We measured cardiac output (dye dilution),
      heart rate, and arteriovenous oxygen difference. Oxygen consumption and stroke
      volume were calculated from these variables. After pericardiectomy, there were
      significant (P less than 0.01) increases in maximal oxygen consumption, maximal
      cardiac output, and maximal stroke volume. Maximal oxygen consumption decreased
      significantly in the sham group. There was no change in maximal heart rate
      following pericardiectomy, or in maximal cardiac output, heart rate, or stroke
      volume following sham operation. Both groups of dogs experienced similar
      significant decreases in hematocrit, arterial and venous oxygen contents, and
      arteriovenous oxygen difference. Neither pericardiectomy nor sham operation had
      any effect on oxygen consumption during submaximal exercise. However, the sham
      group had significant increases in cardiac output and heart rate during
      submaximal exercise, and the pericardiectomy group demonstrated a trend toward an
      increased cardiac output during submaximal exercise. These results support the
      hypothesis that the pericardium limits maximal oxygen consumption by limiting
      stroke volume and cardiac output during maximal exercise in untrained dogs.
      Further, these findings suggest that maximal oxygen consumption is limited by the
      oxygen transport capacity of the cardiovascular system, and not by the oxidative
      capacity of skeletal muscle in the untrained dog.

PMID- 3698219
TI  - Effect of reduced oxygen availability upon myogenic depolarization and
      contraction of cat middle cerebral artery.
AB  - The goal of this study was to determine whether electrophysiological mechanisms
      contribute to the relaxation of cat middle cerebral artery in response to
      decreased ambient Po2 and whether decreased Po2 alters the myogenic
      depolarization and contraction of this vessel in response to elevations in
      transmural pressure. In one series of experiments, arterial segments (200-500
      micron outer diameter) were isolated and mounted in an in vitro tension
      transducer to allow continuous measurement of active tension as bath Po2 was
      reduced. In these experiments, vessel relaxation occurred primarily between 150
      mm Hg Po2 and 40 mm Hg Po2, suggesting that cerebral arteries are sensitive to
      alterations of Po2 in the physiological range. Relaxation did not result from the
      activation of dilator nerves in the vessel wall, since it was unaffected by
      tetrodotoxin. Arterial segments were also cannulated with micropipettes and
      subjected to elevations in transmural pressure during 300 mm Hg Po2 and 50 mm Hg
      Po2 superfusion. During 300 mm Hg Po2 superfusion, cannulated vessels exhibited
      myogenic depolarization and maintained their diameter as transmural pressure was
      increased; 50 mm Hg Po2 superfusion inhibited spontaneous spike activity,
      decreased the slope of the myogenic depolarization, and partially inhibited
      vessel contraction in response to elevated transmural pressure. These effects are
      independent of the parenchymal cell environment and appear to be mediated, at
      least in part, by electrophysiological mechanisms.

PMID- 3698220
TI  - The distribution of functional impairment across the lateral border of acutely
      ischemic myocardium.
AB  - To evaluate the degree and lateral extent of dysfunction in nonischemic
      myocardium adjacent to ischemic muscle, we measured systolic wall thickening with
      sonomicrometers during circumflex coronary occlusion in 12 anesthetized, open
      chest dogs. The locations of the wall thickness measurements relative to the
      perfusion boundary were determined with myocardial blood flow (microspheres) maps
      constructed from multiple, small tissue samples. Five minutes after circumflex
      occlusion, systolic wall thickening in the central ischemic zone decreased from
      3.00 +/- 0.61 (mean +/- SD) mm to -0.61 +/- 0.36 mm (P less than 0.01). In
      nonischemic myocardium greater than 10 mm from the perfusion boundary, systolic
      wall thickening increased from 2.56 +/- 0.57 to 3.24 +/- 0.72 mm (P less than
      0.01). In nonischemic myocardium within 10 mm of the perfusion boundary, systolic
      wall thickening was slightly but significantly reduced compared with control
      (2.72 +/- 0.80 to 2.44 +/- 0.79 mm, P less than 0.05), supporting the concept of
      regional dysfunction in nonischemic myocardium at the lateral borders of an
      ischemic area. Sigmoid curves were fitted to the data to model changes in wall
      thickening as a continuous function of distance from the perfusion boundary. This
      allowed estimation of the extent of dysfunction into nonischemic myocardium which
      averaged less than 8 mm (approximately 30 degrees of endocardial circumference)
      at one border. The level of functional impairment in this zone was relatively
      modest, and systolic wall thickening in the immediate border area was reduced
      more than 50% from control only in tissue characterized by a blood supply of
      mixed ischemic and nonischemic origin. We conclude that a functional border zone
      exists lateral to an acutely ischemic area, but measurement of regional function
      produces relatively small exaggeration of the size of the acutely ischemic zone
      if severe reduction in mechanical performance is used to define the extent of the
      ischemic area.

PMID- 3698221
TI  - Effects of sympathetic tone on vagally induced phasic changes in heart rate and
      atrioventricular node conduction in the anesthetized dog.
AB  - We examined the effects of stellate ganglia stimulation on the phase-dependent
      chronotropic and dromotropic responses to brief vagal bursts in open-chest
      anesthetized dogs. Stellate stimulation affected the phasic vagal effects on
      heart rate by shortening the latent period, shifting the phase at which maximum
      decrease in heart rate occurred to earlier phases, and reducing the maximum
      decrease in heart rate. These effects were due primarily to an increase in the
      basic heart rate. No significant sympathetic-parasympathetic interaction occurred
      for heart rate, indicating that accentuated antagonism did not occur with brief
      vagal bursts. Stellate stimulation primarily decreased the amplitude of the
      phasic vagal effects on atrioventricular nodal conduction, regardless of the
      underlying heart rate, and a significant sympathetic-parasympathetic interaction
      was associated with this effect. The peak of the phase-dependent vagal effects on
      heart rate and atrioventricular nodal conduction were phase-shifted with one
      another. From these findings, we postulate the small changes in sympathetic tone
      might shift the predominant phase-dependent vagal effect from one on heart rate
      to one on atrioventricular nodal conduction. Furthermore, our results suggest
      that dynamic vagal control of heart rate and atrioventricular node conduction
      involves both phase-dependent and phase-independent factors. Sympathetic activity
      appears to affect only the phase-independent factor(s) in the control of heart
      rate, whereas it affects both phase-dependent and phase-independent factors in
      the control of atrioventricular node conduction.

PMID- 3698222
TI  - Mechanical thrombolysis: a new rotational catheter approach for acute thrombi.
AB  - We tested a new rotational thrombectomy catheter in acute thrombi formed both in
      vitro and in vivo. The catheter consisted of a rounded platinum tip, 0.025 inch
      diameter by 0.08 inch long, attached to a flexible steel guidewire supported by
      an external sheath. In vitro, the force required to penetrate thrombus was
      reduced fivefold by rotation of the catheter at 4000 rpm (0.75 +/- 1.2 g rotating
      vs 3.9 +/- 2.1 g static; p less than .001). Fibrin was extracted selectively from
      the thrombus and tightly wound about the shaft (3.8 +/- 1.5 mg rotating vs 0.75
      +/- 0.4 mg static; p less than .001). In vivo, subtotal or complete thrombosis of
      the canine femoral artery was created. Thrombectomy by catheter rotation always
      produced tightly wound adherent fibrin on the catheter shaft. Angiographic
      patency was restored in 20 of 22 (91%) arteries, totally in seven of 22 (32%) and
      partially (greater than 20% increase in lumen diameter) in 13 of 22 (59%). There
      was one arterial perforation (5%). We conclude that this new mechanical catheter
      device reduces the force required to penetrate thrombus. Additionally, by winding
      fibrin about its shaft, the catheter is able to selectively remove the fibrin
      matrix of thrombus. Thus both the ease of initial thrombus recanalization as well
      as physical removal of thrombus are promoted by this new approach. Such an
      approach may be relevant to the treatment of recent thrombosis in acute
      myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3698223
TI  - Electrophysiologic effects of papillary muscle traction in the intact heart.
AB  - In this study we used transmural multipolar electrodes, sonomicrometers implanted
      within the left ventricular wall, and cardiac electrical stimulation techniques
      to examine the effect of transient mechanical posterior papillary muscle traction
      on local myocardial electrophysiologic characteristics. Nine open-chest dogs were
      atrially paced (cycle length 400 msec) followed by insertion of timed premature
      extrastimuli at left ventricular epicardial pacing sites either in the vicinity
      of (traction zone) or remote from (nontraction zone) the site of papillary muscle
      traction. Electrophysiologic recordings were made before and during periods of
      intermittent papillary muscle traction of predetermined timing, application rate
      (25 cm/sec), and duration (170 msec). Papillary muscle traction was applied in
      late diastole just before the last beat of each atrial drive train. In seven of
      nine dogs application of transient papillary muscle traction resulted in
      significantly earlier local ventricular activation (mean activation advancement
      30 +/- 13 msec), altered QRS morphology of the last conducted atrial drive-train
      beat, and relative prolongation of ventricular functional refractory period in
      the traction zone. Conversely, in nontraction zones in these seven dogs, early
      activation did not occur and refractoriness remained unchanged as tested by a
      locally placed extrastimulus. In two of nine dogs traction failed to induce early
      activation and changes in refractoriness did not occur. Alterations in regional
      myocardial blood flow (assessed by radioactive microsphere technique) did not
      appear responsible for the observed changes, since there was no demonstrable
      traction-induced difference in regional blood flow between the traction and
      nontraction zones.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3698224
TI  - Comparison of the defibrillation threshold and the upper limit of ventricular
      vulnerability.
AB  - To examine the relationship between the defibrillation threshold and the strength
      of shocks that induce ventricular fibrillation during the vulnerable period, we
      determined the defibrillation threshold in 22 open-chest dogs using epicardial
      defibrillation electrodes with the cathode at the ventricular apex and the anode
      at the right atrium. We also determined whether there was an upper limit of shock
      strength that induces fibrillation in the vulnerable period by giving shocks of
      various energy through these same electrodes during the repolarization phase of
      paced rhythm. The above determinations were also made with the anode at the
      ventricular apex and the cathode at the right atrium in eight of the dogs and
      with the cathode at the ventricular apex and the anode at the left atrium in
      another eight of the dogs. In all dogs for all electrode configurations, there
      was an upper limit to the shock strength that induced ventricular fibrillation
      during the vulnerable period. Depending on the electrode combination, this upper
      limit of ventricular vulnerability either was not significantly different from or
      was slightly lower than the defibrillation threshold. The correlation coefficient
      between the two was highly significant for all three electrode configurations.
      These results support the hypothesis that successful defibrillation with
      epicardial electrodes requires a shock strength that reaches or exceeds the upper
      limit of ventricular vulnerability and that shocks slightly lower than the
      defibrillation threshold fail because they reinitiate ventricular fibrillation by
      stimulating portions of the myocardium during their vulnerable period.

PMID- 3698225
TI  - Hematologic effects of the high-energy endocardial ablation technique.
AB  - Ablation of atrioventricular conduction is now widely accepted in the management
      of supraventricular arrhythmias. Reports of high temperatures, high pressures,
      and gas production suggest that there may be adverse effects on the blood, the
      electrode, and the cardiovascular system. In this investigation, using samples of
      fresh, heparinized pig blood, we measured hemolytic damage, the liberated gas
      volume and composition, and electrode erosion associated with high-energy
      electrical ablation. The blood was tested in a 10 liter tank at room temperature.
      Impulses of 10 to 400 J were applied to new USCI No. 6F bipolar pacing electrodes
      using both positive and negative polarities. Voltage and current waveforms were
      recorded. The volume of gas liberated with cathodal electrodes was 0.50
      microliter/J up to 50 J and 0.29 microliter/J above 100 J. It was composed
      predominantly of hydrogen and nitrogen, with carbon dioxide and oxygen. With
      positive electrodes, the gas volume was linearly related to energy at 4.34
      microliter/J up to 200 J and also contained carbon monoxide. The hemolysis was
      directly proportional to impulse energy for both cathodal and anodal electrodes,
      being 1.37 microliter/J and 4.48 microliters/J, respectively. Electrode erosion
      was substantial but clinically acceptable. We conclude that there are marked
      differences in the energy conversion processes and, where the same energy can
      achieve a comparable clinical effectiveness, there are advantages in using a
      cathodal electrode polarity. It is also advisable to use lower energies.

PMID- 3698226
TI  - Myocardial relaxation: effects of preload on the time course of isovolumetric
      relaxation.
AB  - We studied the effect of an isolated increase in preload on isovolumetric
      relaxation in the intact dog heart and isometric relaxation in isolated cardiac
      muscle (dog and rat) preparations. In eight anesthetized dogs, 8 to 12 ml of
      blood was infused into the left ventricle during a single diastole. The
      exponential time constant (T) of isovolumetric relaxation was measured in single
      beat experiments in which the left ventricular systolic pressure increased (112
      +/- 2 to 128 +/- 3 mm Hg; p less than .05, n = 62). In a second series of
      experiments, left ventricular systolic pressure was held constant (109 +/- 2 to
      107 +/- 2 mm Hg; p = NS, n = 23) by simultaneous ventricular infusion and aortic
      unloading. In the first protocol, T increased from 28.0 +/- 0.4 to 30.7 +/- 0.4
      msec (p less than .05), whereas in the second protocol (constant systolic
      pressure) there was no change in T. The time course of isometric relaxation was
      also studied in six rat left ventricular papillary muscles and four dog right
      ventricular trabecular muscles. Preload was varied from 30% to 100% of the peak
      of the isometric length-tension curve in each muscle. Over this wide range of
      preload, the isometric force decline recordings were superimposable as long as
      the comparisons were made at equal levels of total load. Thus an isolated
      increase in preload does not influence the time course of isovolumetric
      relaxation.

PMID- 3698227
TI  - Pulmonary vascular effects of hydralazine in a canine preparation of pulmonary
      thromboembolism.
AB  - Pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP)-flow coordinates were obtained in 14
      anesthetized dogs before and after pulmonary hypertension was induced with
      autologous blood clots. Cardiac output (CO) was altered by systemic arteriovenous
      fistulas. The PAP-CO coordinates were always rectilinear. Before emboli, the mean
      vascular closing or outflow pressure (the pressure intercept of the PAP-CO line)
      was 8.8 +/- 2.1 (SD) mm Hg. Emboli increased PAP (15.1 +/- 1.6 to 36.5 +/- 3.5 mm
      Hg; p less than .001) and decreased CO (3.8 +/- 0.6 to 2.4 +/- 0.8 liters X min
      1; p less than .001). Incremental resistance (the slope of the PAP-CO line) only
      increased slightly. On the other hand, the marked increase in PAP was
      predominantly due to an increase in effective outflow pressure (from 8.8 +/- 2.1
      to 28.6 +/- 3.6; p less than .001). Hydralazine was administered in a dose
      sufficient to double CO. This did not affect PAP and caused an inconsistent and
      small decrease in incremental resistance. However, a consistently significant
      decrease in effective outflow pressure, averaging 23%, was observed. In this
      canine preparation of pulmonary hypertension the predominant effect of
      hydralazine appears to be a decrease in the mean vascular closing or outflow
      pressure.

PMID- 3698228
TI  - Therapy with cyclosporine in experimental murine myocarditis with
      encephalomyocarditis virus.
AB  - To explain the progression from infectious viral myocarditis to congestive
      cardiomyopathy an infection/immune hypothesis has been proposed stating that the
      primary viral process incites an excessive or disordered immunologic response
      against the myocardium. To test whether one form of immunosuppressive therapy
      might ameliorate this process, we used cyclosporine in a murine preparation of
      infectious myocarditis (encephalomyocarditis [EMC] virus), which has been shown
      to result in a congestive cardiomyopathy pathologically similar to that seen in
      man. Eight-week-old male DBA-2 mice were infected with EMC virus and randomized
      to a treatment or control group. Cyclosporine (25 mg/kg/day) was administered
      subcutaneously for 3 weeks, starting (1) at 1 week after infection during viral
      replication, and (2) at 3 weeks after infection, after the period of active viral
      replication. In mice treated during viral replication there was a significantly
      higher mortality rate compared with that of control mice (15/21 vs 9/29, p =
      .01). There was no evident reduction in myocardial pathology (inflammation,
      necrosis, or calcification) in the treated compared with the control groups. In
      mice treated after the period of viral replication, there was no improvement in
      mortality (8/22 vs 2/19, NS) compared with control. Treated mice showed no
      reduction in myocardial histopathologic lesions. Furthermore, treated mice had
      significantly greater heart weight/body weight ratios (1.3 +/- 0.4% vs 1.0 +/-
      0.3%, p less than .005), lung weight/body weight ratios (1.1 +/- 0.5% vs 0.8 +/-
      0.3%, p less than .05), and liver weight/body weight ratios (6.0 +/- 0.8% vs 5.4
      +/- 0.6%, p less than .005) than control mice, suggesting more severe myocardial
      failure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3698229
TI  - Failure of superoxide dismutase and catalase to alter size of infarction in
      conscious dogs after 3 hours of occlusion followed by reperfusion.
AB  - Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), enzymes that degrade superoxide
      anion and hydrogen peroxide, respectively, reduce size of infarction in
      anesthetized, open-chest dogs subjected to coronary occlusion followed by
      reperfusion. To evaluate potential protective effects of these enzymes in
      conscious animals, three groups of dogs were instrumented at sterile surgery with
      a hydraulic occluder on the left circumflex (LCX) coronary artery,
      sonomicrometers to measure regional wall thickness, and catheters to monitor
      arterial and left ventricular pressures. Ten to 14 days after surgery, the
      animals were sedated with morphine sulfate (0.5 mg/kg). The LCX artery was
      occluded for 3 hr by inflation of the hydraulic cuff. Infusions of SOD (n = 7),
      CAT (n = 6), or saline (control group, n = 7) were begun 15 min before
      reperfusion and lasted for 45 min of reperfusion. The doses of SOD and CAT were 5
      mg/kg, dissolved in 60 ml of saline, and infused at a rate of 1 ml/min.
      Myocardial blood flow was measured with tracer-labeled microspheres (15 micron
      diameter) before occlusion, after 5 to 10 min of occlusion, after 150 min of
      occlusion, and 5 to 10 min after reperfusion. Size of infarction was measured 24
      hr later by dual-perfusion staining with Evans blue and triphenyl tetrazolium.
      Size of infarction (expressed as a percentage of area at risk) did not differ
      significantly among the three groups: control, 32 +/- 17% (mean +/- SD); SOD, 38
      +/- 17%; CAT, 27 +/- 17%. Hemodynamic parameters and myocardial blood flows
      (measured before infusion of any agents) were not significantly different among
      the three groups. Serum SOD levels in SOD-treated dogs were 19 +/- 2
      micrograms/ml at the onset of reperfusion and 29 +/- 3 micrograms/ml at the end
      of the infusion. Blood assays collected after infusion showed a monoexponential
      decay of SOD levels with a half-life of 22 +/- 6 min. We conclude that myocardial
      protection by SOD or CAT is model dependent. In conscious dogs subjected to 3 hr
      of coronary occlusion followed by reperfusion, SOD and CAT failed to alter size
      of infarction.

PMID- 3698230
TI  - Protective effects of N-2-mercaptopropionyl glycine against myocardial
      reperfusion injury after neutrophil depletion in the dog: evidence for the role
      of intracellular-derived free radicals.
AB  - Reperfusion of the previously ischemic myocardium is associated with the
      production of oxygen free radicals and their metabolites, which contribute to the
      ultimate extent of irreversible myocardial injury. The relative importance of
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes vs intracellular-derived oxygen metabolites has
      remained uncertain. We evaluated the effectiveness of a free-radical scavenger, N
      2-mercaptopropionyl glycine (MPG), in limiting infarct size after
      ischemia/reperfusion in dogs that were depleted of neutrophils with specific
      antisera. Twenty-four urethane-anesthetized open-chest dogs were subjected to 90
      min of ischemia by occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery followed by 6
      hr of reperfusion. Dogs were randomly assigned to receive nonimmune serum,
      neutrophil antiserum, or neutrophil antiserum plus MPG (20 mg/kg intra-atrially
      15 min before reperfusion was initiated and for 45 min after reperfusion).
      Infarct size, as a percent of the area at risk, was reduced by 33% in the
      neutrophil antiserum group as compared with the nonimmune group (30.7 +/- 2.7% vs
      45.6 +/- 3.7%, p less than .01). The combined administration of neutrophil
      antiserum plus MPG reduced the size of infarction by 63% of the area at risk
      compared with that in the nonimmune group (17.0 +/- 2.7% vs 45.6 +/- 3.7%, p less
      than .01). The reduction in infarct size with neutrophil antiserum plus MPG was
      significantly greater than that with the neutrophil antiserum alone (p less than
      .01). The areas at risk did not differ among the groups. Myocardial protection
      could not be explained on the basis of hemodynamic differences. The observation
      that MPG enhances the protective effects of neutrophil depletion suggests that
      both extramyocardial- and intramyocardial-derived oxygen free radicals contribute
      significantly to reperfusion-induced myocardial injury.

PMID- 3698231
TI  - A new challenge for America: the National Cholesterol Education Program.

PMID- 3698232
TI  - The mechanism of disappearance of the physiologic third heart sound with age.
AB  - To study the mechanism of disappearance of the physiologic third heart sound (S3)
      with advancing age, combined phonoechocardiographic and phonomechanocardiographic
      recordings from 165 normal subjects between 6 and 62 years old were
      quantitatively analyzed. Nearly all individuals under 40 years old had a
      recordable S3. Although recordable in 38.6% of the 44 subjects over 40 years old,
      the physiologic S3 found in adults was less intense and occurred later in
      diastole when compared with that in children and adolescents. Marked changes in
      left ventricular filling hemodynamics were observed with aging, including an
      increase in left ventricular wall thickness and mass, a prolongation of the left
      ventricular isovolumetric relaxation period, a decrease in left ventricular early
      diastolic filling and wall thinning rates, and a reduction in the height and
      steepness of the rapid filling wave measured on the calibrated left
      apexcardiogram (linear correlation with age significant at p less than .001 for
      all parameters). Although less pronounced, these changes were very similar to the
      diastolic abnormalities found in patients with pressure overload left ventricular
      hypertrophy. Therefore, the higher pressure load imposed on the left ventricular
      wall due to the well-known gradual increase in blood pressure that occurs during
      normal growth and adulthood appears to be the most likely explanation for the
      observed changes in diastolic filling. It is concluded that the later occurrence,
      the diminishing amplitude, and the eventual complete disappearance of the
      physiologic S3 with age results from a decrease in early diastolic left
      ventricular filling and subsequent deceleration of inflow caused by the
      development of relative left ventricular hypertrophy in adulthood as compared
      with childhood.

PMID- 3698233
TI  - Prognostic significance of electrocardiographic site of infarction after
      correction for enzymatic size of infarction.
AB  - To assess whether the site of myocardial infarction is an independent prognostic
      indicator, the outcome of patients with anterior myocardial infarction was
      compared with that of patients with inferior infarction. A consecutive series of
      patients who had suffered their first myocardial infarction was analyzed (398
      with anterior and 391 with inferior infarction). Patients with anterior
      myocardial infarction had a higher 1 year mortality than those with inferior
      infarction (18.3% vs 10.5%, p = .002). When patients were matched for infarct
      size determined by peak creatine kinase (CK) level expressed as a multiple of the
      upper limit of normal, those with anterior myocardial infarction tended to have a
      higher 1 year mortality than those with inferior infarction for all subgroups of
      peak CK. Early mortality (day 1 to 28 after myocardial infarction) was greater in
      the anterior than in the inferior myocardial infarction group (10% vs 6.4%, p =
      .03); this was most significant when peak CK was greater than four times normal
      (12.4% vs 7.0%, p = .04). Late mortality was also higher in the anterior (8.4% vs
      4.1%, p = .04) than the inferior infarction group and this was most significant
      when peak CK was less than two times normal (15.2% vs 0%, p = .02) or greater
      than eight times normal (10.6% vs 4.1%, p = .04). Multivariate analysis with
      proportional-hazards regression confirmed the prognostic significance of location
      of infarction independent of peak CK level. Thus, infarct location was found to
      be a predictor of prognosis that is independent of infarct size based on peak CK
      levels.

PMID- 3698234
TI  - Is the aorta truly dextroposed in tetralogy of Fallot? A two-dimensional
      echocardiographic answer.
AB  - The embryogenesis of tetralogy of Fallot is still much debated. In particular,
      the dextroposition of the aorta is not considered by all pathologists as a
      genuine abnormality in this congenital heart disease but rather as a false
      impression due to an exaggeration of the normal overriding caused by dilatation
      of the aorta secondary to abnormal hemodynamics. We used two-dimensional
      echocardiography to examine the spatial position of the aortic root in 22
      patients with tetralogy of Fallot (aged 5 days to 24 years, mean 6.4 years) and
      in 23 normal subjects (aged 1 month to 27 years, mean 7.6 years). Using the
      parasternal short-axis view, we determined the percent rightward displacement of
      the aortic root in relation to the plane of the atrial septum, and the
      relationship between the aortic cusps and the atrial septum. We measured the
      value of the angle luminal diameter, which was defined as the angle between the
      plane of the atrial septum and the plane of the left coronary-noncoronary
      commissure and leaflet appositional plane. In the control group, the aortic root
      was displaced to the right by only 23.6 +/- 7.6%; the atrial septum crossed the
      posterior aspect of the aortic root at the middle (n = 19) or at the right half
      of the posterior cusp (n = 4), and the angle luminal diameter had a value of 43.3
      +/- 8.8 degrees. In the 22 patients with tetralogy, the percent rightward shift
      of the aortic root was augmented to 55.5 +/- 9% (p less than .001) and the atrial
      septum was related to the posterior commissure in 14 patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3698235
TI  - Mitral regurgitation: relationship of noninvasive descriptors of right and left
      ventricular performance to clinical and hemodynamic findings and to prognosis in
      medically and surgically treated patients.
AB  - To determine objective predictors of survival, 53 patients with chronic,
      hemodynamically severe mitral regurgitation underwent rest and exercise
      radionuclide cineangiography, echocardiography, treadmill exercise testing, and
      ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring before prospective (average 30 month)
      follow-up. At entry, symptom status correlated best with radionuclide-based right
      ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) and left atrial size, while treadmill
      exercise tolerance correlated best with RVEF during exercise (r = .48, p less
      than .005). Correspondingly, in 23 patients who underwent cardiac
      catheterization, pulmonary arterial systolic and wedge pressures were
      significantly inversely related to RVEF. On the 24 hr ambulatory
      electrocardiogram, nonsustained ventricular tachycardia was present in 29% of
      patients, most frequently when both RVEF and left ventricular ejection fraction
      (LVEF) were subnormal (p = .03 vs other patients). Since entry, 35 patients have
      been managed without surgery for 9 to 57 months (average 28); three of these who
      subsequently underwent operation also are among the 21 patients who have
      undergone mitral valve replacement (MVR). During the average 28 months of
      observation under medical treatment five of 35 nonoperated patients have died;
      all five were among the six nonoperated patients with RVEFs of 30% or less at
      entry, a descriptor that significantly identified those at high mortality risk (p
      less than .0001 vs patients with RVEFs greater than 30%). All five also were
      among the eight nonoperated patients with LVEFs of 45% or less (lower limit of
      normal), a descriptor that also significantly predicted mortality. Three of the
      21 patients who underwent surgery have died, all late after MVR. Among operated
      patients, only age was a predictor of postoperative survival. A trend toward
      improved survival was found in the patients with depressed right or left
      ventricular ejection fraction who underwent surgery compared with those who did
      not.

PMID- 3698236
TI  - Direct evidence from intraneural recordings for increased central sympathetic
      outflow in patients with heart failure.
AB  - Patients with heart failure have increased vascular resistance and evidence for
      increased neurohumoral drive. High levels of circulating norepinephrine are found
      in patients with heart failure, but it is not known whether they reflect
      increased sympathetic neural activity or result from altered synthesis, release,
      or metabolism of norepinephrine. We used microneurography (peroneal nerve) to
      directly record sympathetic nerve activity to muscle (mSNA) and also measured
      plasma norepinephrine levels in patients with heart failure and in normal control
      subjects. Our goal was to determine whether sympathetic nerve activity is
      increased in patients with heart failure and whether plasma norepinephrine levels
      correlate with levels of mSNA in heart failure. Resting muscle sympathetic nerve
      activity in 16 patients with moderate to severe heart failure (54 +/- 5
      bursts/min, mean +/- SE) was significantly higher (p less than .01) than the
      levels of activity in either nine age-matched normal control subjects (25 +/- 4
      bursts/min) or 19 "young" normal control subjects (24 +/- 2 bursts/min). We found
      a significant correlation between plasma norepinephrine levels and mSNA (r = .73,
      p less than .05). Neither mSNA nor plasma norepinephrine levels correlated with
      total systemic vascular resistance, cardiac index, left ventricular ejection
      fraction, or heart rate. However, both mSNA and plasma norepinephrine levels
      showed significant positive correlations (p less than .05) with left ventricular
      filling pressures (r = .80, mSNA vs filling pressures; r = .82, norepinephrine
      levels vs filling pressures) and mean right atrial pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3698237
TI  - Effect of sudden rate acceleration on the human His-Purkinje system: adaptation
      of refractoriness in a dampened oscillatory pattern.
AB  - Although the refractoriness of the human His-Purkinje system (HPS) during
      constant-cycle length pacing appears to be closely related to the cycle length of
      the stimulation, the mode of adaptation of this refractoriness with sudden rate
      acceleration is not well understood. A systematic evaluation of this adaptation
      was performed in 14 patients with normal QRS durations and HV intervals referred
      for electrophysiologic evaluation. The relative refractory period of the HPS (HPS
      RRP) was evaluated by the extrastimulus (S2) method during a constant ventricular
      drive (S1) having a cycle length as close to sinus rhythm as possible. An
      accelerated train of 6 ventricular beats (S1') was then added to the constant
      drive and the HPS-RRP of each successive beat of this train was similarly
      determined. Mean S1 cycle length was 750 +/- 164 msec (range 600 to 1000). Mean
      S1' cycle length was 475 +/- 55 msec (range 400 to 600). The HPS-RRP of each
      successive beat of the accelerated train was significantly shorter than that
      during the S1 drive and behaved in a dampened oscillatory fashion alternating
      from a lower value on the odd-numbered beats to a higher value on the even
      numbered beats. In contrast, the effective and relative refractory periods of the
      ventricular myocardium during the accelerated train behaved in a cumulative
      manner, decreasing progressively with the first 2 beats of the train before
      reaching a plateau value. In conclusion, the data reported here present a new and
      intriguing picture of the mode of adaptation of the HPS refractoriness to sudden
      rate acceleration. At least in the range of the cycle lengths used in this study,
      the refractoriness of the HPS behaves in a dampened oscillatory manner that is
      radically different from the behavior of the ventricular myocardial
      refractoriness.

PMID- 3698238
TI  - Clinical and electrophysiologic characterization of automatic junctional
      tachycardia in adults.
AB  - Junctional ectopic tachycardia has been described in infants but not in adults.
      Five adults with rapid symptomatic paroxysmal junctional tachycardia, distinct
      from the more common slower nonparoxysmal junctional tachycardia, were recently
      evaluated. The tachycardia was irregular (rate 120 to 250) and accompanied by
      periods of atrioventricular dissociation and narrow QRS complexes. A junctional
      origin was documented during electrophysiologic study in four of the five
      patients. Analysis of Holter recordings; the response to exercise, isoproterenol,
      and propranolol; and the effects of atrial and ventricular stimulation appeared
      to implicate abnormal automaticity of a high junctional focus that was
      catecholamine sensitive or dependent as the tachycardia mechanism. All patients
      responded somewhat to beta-blockers, although a combination of procainamide and
      propranolol proved to be the most effective therapy in one patient and another
      chose electrode catheter ablation of the atrioventricular junction rather than
      continued drug therapy. Thus, junctional ectopic tachycardia may occur in adults
      and its mechanism appears to be related to abnormal automaticity that is
      catecholamine sensitive or dependent. Initial therapy should include beta
      blockers but selected patients may require more aggressive management.

PMID- 3698239
TI  - End-systolic measures of regional ventricular performance.
AB  - Dimension change measures of regional ventricular function, such as absolute or
      percent wall thickening (delta T or % delta T) or segmental shortening (delta L
      or % delta L), are highly load dependent. In 16 anesthetized mongrel dogs we
      assessed use of the end-systolic pressure-thickness and end-systolic pressure
      length relationships (ESPTR, ESPLR) as more load-independent measures of regional
      function. We found that the ESPTR and ESPLR could be measured without detectable
      baroreceptor-mediated reflex changes in cardiac contractile state. Systemic
      administration of dobutamine shifted the ESPTR to the right and the ESPLR to the
      left of control, mainly due to a change in the slope (Ees) of the relationships.
      Both delta T, % delta T and delta L, % delta L failed to detect the positive
      inotropic effect of dobutamine because of an associated reduction in preload.
      With systemic administration of propranolol, ESPTR, ESPLR, delta T, % delta T,
      and delta L, % delta L detected the negative inotropic effect. Thus systemic
      propranolol shifted the ESPTR to the left and the ESPLR to the right of control,
      mainly due to a change in Ees. Regional administration of dobutamine shifted the
      ESPTR and the ESPLR in the direction of positive contractility in the region
      receiving the drug, whereas simple dimension change measures of regional function
      failed to detect the inotropic effect because preload fell and the timing of
      regional end-systole was altered. With regional propranolol both the ESPTR, ESPLR
      and simple dimension change measures detected the negative inotropic effect. Thus
      the ESPTR, ESPLR is a reliable measure of regional ventricular function and may
      be better than simple dimension change measures of regional function,
      particularly when loading conditions or the timing of regional systole is altered
      by an intervention.

PMID- 3698240
TI  - Calculation of aortic valve area by Doppler echocardiography: a direct
      application of the continuity equation.
AB  - The continuity equation suggests that a ratio of velocities at two different
      cardiac valves is inversely proportional to the ratio of cross-sectional areas of
      the valves. To determine whether a ratio of mitral/aortic valve orifice
      velocities is useful in determining aortic valve area in patients with aortic
      stenosis, 10 control subjects and 22 patients with predominant aortic stenosis
      were examined by Doppler echocardiography. The ratio of (mean diastolic mitral
      velocity)/(mean systolic aortic velocity), (Vm)/(Va), and the ratio of (mitral
      diastolic velocity-time integral)/(aortic systolic velocity-time integral),
      (VTm)/(VTa), were determined from Doppler spectral recordings. Aortic valve area
      determined at catheterization by the Gorlin equation was the standard of
      reference. High-quality Doppler recordings were obtained in 30 of 32 subjects
      (94%). Catheterization documented valve areas of 0.5 to 2.6 (mean 1.1) cm2. There
      was good correlation between Doppler-determined (Vm)/(Va) and Gorlin valve area
      (r = .90, SEE = 0.23 cm2); a better correlation was noted between (VTm)/(VTa) and
      Gorlin valve area (r = .93, SEE = 0.18 cm2). The data demonstrate the usefulness
      of Doppler alone in the determination of aortic valve area in adults with absent
      or mild aortic or mitral regurgitation and no mitral stenosis. Although the use
      of mean velocity and velocity-time integral ratios requires accurate measurement
      of mitral and aortic velocities, it does not require squaring of these velocities
      or measurement of the cross-sectional area of flow.

PMID- 3698241
TI  - Bayesian analysis versus discriminant function analysis: their relative utility
      in the diagnosis of coronary disease.
AB  - Both Bayesian analysis assuming independence and discriminant function analysis
      have been used to estimate probabilities of coronary disease. To compare their
      relative accuracy, we submitted 303 subjects referred for coronary angiography to
      stress electrocardiography, thallium scintigraphy, and cine fluoroscopy. Severe
      angiographic disease was defined as at least one greater than 50% occlusion of a
      major vessel. Four calculations were done: (1) Bayesian analysis using literature
      estimates of pretest probabilities, sensitivities, and specificities was applied
      to the clinical and test data of a randomly selected subgroup (group I, 151
      patients) to calculate posttest probabilities. (2) Bayesian analysis using
      literature estimates of pretest probabilities (but with sensitivities and
      specificities derived from the remaining 152 subjects [group II]) was applied to
      group I data to estimate posttest probabilities. (3) A discriminant function with
      logistic regression coefficients derived from the clinical and test variables of
      group II was used to calculate posttest probabilities of group I. (4) A
      discriminant function derived with the use of test results from group II and
      pretest probabilities from the literature was used to calculate posttest
      probabilities of group I. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed
      that all four calculations could equivalently rank the disease probabilities for
      our patients. A goodness-of-fit analysis suggested the following relationship
      between the accuracies of the four calculations: (1) less than (2) approximately
      equal to (4) less than (3). Our results suggest that data-based discriminant
      functions are more accurate than literature-based Bayesian analysis assuming
      independence in predicting severe coronary disease based on clinical and
      noninvasive test results.

PMID- 3698242
TI  - Short-term myocardial uptake of lidocaine and mexiletine in patients with
      ischemic heart disease.
AB  - Determination of short-term myocardial drug uptake and subsequent redistribution
      was performed in 27 patients with ischemic heart disease for the antiarrhythmic
      agents lidocaine and mexiletine, using frequent simultaneous measurements of drug
      concentration in aortic and coronary sinus blood, combined with measurement of
      coronary sinus blood flow after intravenous bolus injection of the drug. Maximal
      myocardial drug content per unit resting coronary sinus blood flow (MDC:F) was
      significantly greater in patients in whom coronary sinus pacing at 100 beat/min
      was performed during the initial period of drug uptake. Maximal myocardial drug
      content occurred after 2.4 +/- 0.2 (SEM) for lidocaine and after 5.5 +/- 0.6 min
      for mexiletine (p less than .001), and pacing did not affect time to maximum
      myocardial drug content. In nonpaced, but not paced, patients maximal MDC:F was
      greater in the lidocaine group than that in the mexiletine group. The subsequent
      efflux of lidocaine from the myocardium was more rapid that that of mexiletine in
      both paced and nonpaced groups.

PMID- 3698243
TI  - Diastolic 'locking' of the mitral valve: possible importance of diastolic
      myocardial properties.
AB  - The effects of pharmacologically induced changes in myocardial properties on
      diastolic mitral valve mechanics were studied in five open-chest dogs. After the
      induction of complete atrioventricular block, the dogs were subjected to a
      protocol of programmed pacing. During prolonged diastolic pauses, programmed
      atrial contractions were induced at progressively increasing coupling intervals.
      Echocardiographically determined mitral valve reopening time was established for
      each coupling interval in the control state as well as under the influence of
      calcium or verapamil. Compared with control, calcium caused an increase in
      myocardial tension from 23.8 +/- 3.0 to 30.0 +/- 4.6 g/cm2 (mean +/- SD, p less
      than .005) as well as an increase in mean septal contraction and relaxation
      velocities from 142 +/- 25.9 and 144 +/- 15.2 mm/sec to 188 +/- 21.7 and 174 +/-
      19.5 mm/sec, respectively (each p less than .001). Conversely, verapamil caused a
      decrease in mean myocardial tension from 23.8 +/- 3.0 to 19.4 +/- 5.3 g/cm2 (p
      less than .001) and in mean septal contraction and relaxation velocities from 142
      +/- 25.9 and 144 +/- 15.2 mm/sec to 112 +/- 32.7 and 112 +/- 21.6 mm/sec,
      respectively (each p less than .001). At every coupling interval, calcium
      significantly (p less than .01 to .001) prolonged, whereas verapamil
      significantly shortened (p less than .01 to .001), mitral reopening time compared
      with the control state. These pharmacologically induced changes in mitral valve
      mechanics occurred despite variations in left ventricular volume, as well as left
      ventricular and left atrial pressures that under normal conditions exert opposite
      effects on mitral valve mechanics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3698244
TI  - Relationship of angiographically defined coronary artery disease to serum
      lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in young survivors of myocardial infarction.
AB  - The relationship of serum lipoprotein and apolipoprotein concentrations to
      angiographically determined coronary artery disease was investigated in 105
      consecutive male survivors of myocardial infarction under the age of 45.
      Concentrations and composition of lipoproteins, lipid indexes, and nonlipid risk
      factors (tobacco consumption, hypertension, reduced glucose tolerance, and
      obesity) were related to a recently developed scoring system for semiquantitative
      estimation of diffuse coronary atheromatosis, as well as to the number and
      severity of significant coronary artery stenoses. The concentrations of
      cholesterol in very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein
      (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), in combination with serum triglyceride
      or VLDL triglyceride level, comprised the best set of independent discriminatory
      lipid variables between patients and control subjects. In the patients, LDL
      cholesterol and apolipoprotein B levels showed strong relationships to the extent
      and severity of coronary atheromatosis but not to the number and severity of
      distinct coronary stenoses. HDL2 cholesterol concentration correlated inversely
      with the coronary atheromatosis score, whereas other variables reflecting HDL
      concentration and composition or VLDL lipids were not independently related to
      any of the coronary scores. The LDL triglyceride level, an index of intermediate
      density lipoprotein (IDL) accumulation, was significantly correlated to the
      coronary atheromatosis score in univariate analysis. Nonlipid risk factors were
      correlated neither to coronary atheromatosis nor to severity of stenoses.
      Stepwise multiple regression analyses of data adjusted for age, cumulative
      tobacco consumption, and weight indicated that 18% of the variation in the
      coronary atheromatosis score could be accounted for by levels of apolipoprotein
      B. Addition of other lipoprotein variables or the nonlipid variables hypertension
      and glucose tolerance did not significantly increase the value of R2. When ratios
      of lipoprotein lipids and apolipoproteins were included in the regression model,
      the highest multiple correlation coefficient was obtained with the LDL/HDL
      cholesterol ratio alone (R2 = .22). The present data demonstrate the importance
      of elevated LDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B concentrations for the
      development of coronary atheromatosis in young male survivors of myocardial
      infarction. The lack of correlations between the levels of lipoprotein lipids and
      serum apolipoproteins and the severity of coronary stenoses suggests that
      mechanisms other than disturbances of lipoprotein metabolism may be involved in
      the progression of more advanced coronary lesions.

PMID- 3698245
TI  - Ventricular tachycardia in a young population without overt heart disease.
AB  - Since 1974, 24 young patients presenting with ventricular tachycardia and without
      clinical evidence of heart disease were evaluated and followed. Sixteen patients
      (67%) were symptomatic. Clinical episodes of ventricular tachycardia were
      sustained in 18, incessant in four, and nonsustained in two patients. The rate of
      tachycardia ranged from 130 to 300 beats/min (mean = 200 beats/min). Subtle
      abnormalities of cardiac size or function were present at cardiac catheterization
      in 16 of 23 patients (70%). During electrophysiologic studies, spontaneous
      ventricular tachycardia was present in six patients. The clinical ventricular
      tachycardia was inducible by programmed stimulation in 13 of 18 patients. The
      site of origin of tachycardia based on endocardial mapping in 17 patients was the
      right ventricle in 14, the ventricular septum in one, and indeterminate in two
      patients. Seventeen patients were treated based on results of short-term drug
      testing. During a mean follow-up period of 7.5 years, three patients died
      suddenly; none of these patients were receiving antiarrhythmic medication at the
      time of death. We conclude that in a young population without clinical evidence
      of heart disease, ventricular tachycardia may be the first manifestation of
      cardiomyopathy, since at least two-thirds of these patients have abnormalities at
      cardiac catheterization. Without treatment mortality in this population may be as
      high as 13% over an 8 year period. Presently we recommend treatment of
      ventricular tachycardia in any symptomatic patient, with therapy guided by
      electrophysiologic and treadmill testing. In addition, we recommend treatment for
      any asymptomatic patient with exercise-related tachycardia, since this group
      appears to be at increased risk for sudden death.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3698246
TI  - Geographic origin of the family as a determinant of serum levels of lipids in
      Finnish children.
AB  - Children in the eastern part of Finland have higher serum total and low-density
      lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels than children in the western part of the
      country. This is consonant with the high mortality rate for coronary heart
      disease in eastern Finland. Eastern and western Finns are assumed to have
      different geographic origins; because of this we divided into groups 630 newborns
      and 3554 children and adolescents according to their grandparents' birthplace,
      which, in Finland, reflect the origins of the children. No differences in serum
      lipid levels were found in the newborns but in the 3- to 18-year-old children the
      differences in mean serum total and LDL cholesterol levels were accentuated by
      this division. Boys with grandparents from the extreme eastern part and those
      with grandparents from the western part of the country showed the greatest
      differences. Prepubescent boys 3 to 12 years old living in the west but with
      grandparents from the east had total and LDL cholesterol levels similar to those
      of boys living in and descended of grandparents from the east, despite their diet
      being of the western type. Thus, although diet is known to be a major determinant
      of serum cholesterol level, genetic factors also seem to play a role.

PMID- 3698247
TI  - Abnormal skeletal muscle bioenergetics during exercise in patients with heart
      failure: role of reduced muscle blood flow.
AB  - Using phosphorous nuclear magnetic resonance, we have previously demonstrated
      that patients with heart failure often exhibit abnormal forearm muscle metabolism
      during forearm exercise. To determine if this altered metabolism is due to
      reduced muscle flow, we measured forearm blood flow with plethysmography and
      forearm muscle inorganic phosphate (Pi), phosphocreatine (PCr), and pH with 31P
      nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy at rest and during mild forearm exercise
      (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 W) in 21 men with heart failure and in 12 age-matched normal
      male subjects. The Pi/PCr ratio was correlated with power output and the slope of
      this relationship was used as an index of forearm metabolism. At rest, both
      groups had similar Pi/PCr ratios (normal subjects 0.11 +/- 0.05; patients with
      heart failure 0.11 +/- 0.03; p = NS) and forearm blood flows (normal subjects 2.9
      +/- 1.4 ml/min/100 ml; patients with heart failure 2.6 +/- 1.2 ml/min/100 ml; p =
      NS). In both groups, exercise resulted in a progressive increase in both Pi/PCr
      and forearm blood flow as power output increased. However, the patients exhibited
      a steeper slope of the Pi/PCr-to-power output relationship than did the normal
      subjects (normal subjects 1.4 +/- 0.6 Pi/PCr U/W; patients with heart failure 3.0
      +/- 2.4 Pi/PCr U/W; p less than .03). In contrast, forearm blood flow was similar
      in both groups during exercise (at 0.2 W, 6.3 +/- 3.3 and 6.8 +/- 3.2 ml/min/100
      ml in normal subjects and patients with heart failure, respectively; at 0.4 W,
      8.7 +/- 6.5 and 8.3 +/- 3.3; at 0.6 W, 12.8 +/- 7.9 and 12.0 +/- 4.6; all p =
      NS). Nine of the 21 patients with heart failure had slopes of the Pi/PCr-to-power
      output relationship above the normal range. These nine patients also had forearm
      blood flows comparable to flows observed in the normal subjects. These data
      indicate that forearm muscle metabolism during forearm exercise is altered in a
      subpopulation of patients with heart failure. This metabolic alteration does not
      appear to be due to decreased muscle blood flow, suggesting that other
      mechanisms, such as alterations in mitochondrial population or substrate
      utilization, may be responsible.

PMID- 3698248
TI  - Dynamics of oxygen uptake during exercise in adults with cyanotic congenital
      heart disease.
AB  - The dynamic increase in oxygen uptake (VO2) at the start of exercise reflects the
      circulatory adjustments to metabolic changes induced by the exercise. Because VO2
      measured at the lungs is the product of pulmonary blood flow and arteriovenous
      oxygen difference, pathologic conditions affecting the capacity of these factors
      to change would be expected to alter VO2 kinetics. To determine whether
      measurement of VO2 kinetics can detect conditions in which the pulmonary blood
      flow response to exercise is abnormal, VO2 was measured, breath-by-breath, during
      the transition from rest to exercise in 13 adults with cyanotic congenital heart
      disease (central venoarterial shunting) and in nine normal subjects. The increase
      in VO2 above baseline during the first 20 sec of exercise (phase I), reflecting
      the immediate increase in pulmonary blood flow, was diminished in the patients
      compared with that in normal subjects (14.8 +/- 10.9 vs. 49.8 +/- 19.2 ml of
      oxygen) (p less than .001). The patients' phase I responses correlated with their
      reported physical activity tolerance (p less than .01). In addition, the second
      phase of the VO2 response kinetics was prolonged in patients compared with normal
      subjects (half-time = 63 +/- 13 vs 15 +/- 13 sec) (p less than .001). We conclude
      that striking disturbances in VO2 kinetics occur in patients with cyanotic
      congenital heart disease and that these measurements provide a useful noninvasive
      means of evaluating the degree to which the increase in pulmonary blood flow is
      constrained in response to exercise.

PMID- 3698249
TI  - Effects of vasopressin on the circulation and its baroreflex control in healthy
      men.
AB  - Information on the hemodynamic effects of vasopressin (AVP) in healthy humans is
      very limited despite its known importance in body fluid homeostasis and release
      in pathologic states such as hemorrhage and trauma. Although it is a potent
      vasoconstrictor in vitro, it does not cause the expected rise in arterial
      pressure when given systemically to animals with intact baroreflexes. It has been
      proposed that this is because AVP facilitates baroreflex control of the
      circulation. In this study, we assessed the effect of infusion of AVP on resting
      circulatory variables and on the baroreflex control of forearm vascular
      resistance and heart rate in healthy men. AVP in a dose of 0.4 ng/kg/min, which
      raised plasma level of AVP to 24 +/- 4 pg/ml, a value known to have a significant
      antidiuretic effect, had little hemodynamic effect, producing only mild
      bradycardia and a slight increase in central venous pressure. Reflex changes in
      heart rate during neck suction (-15 and -30 mm Hg) and neck pressure (+15 and +30
      mm Hg) were not altered. Reflex responses to lower body negative pressure and to
      its release were also unchanged by this dose of AVP. In contrast, a higher dose
      of AVP (4 ng/kg/min), which raised plasma levels to 290 +/- 41 pg/ml, a
      concentration known to occur as a result of hemorrhagic hypotension and
      circulatory stresses, did cause hemodynamic changes. There was tachycardia (from
      63 +/- 2 to 68 +/- 2 beats/min), a decrease in pulse pressure (from 62 +/- 2 to
      53 +/- 2 mm Hg), an increase in central venous pressure (from 2.6 +/- 0.5 to 4.1
      +/- 0.4 mm Hg), and surprisingly in view of the known vasoconstrictor effect of
      AVP, an increase in forearm flow (from 4.4 +/- 0.7 to 5.9 +/- 1.2 ml/min/100 ml
      tissue) and a decrease in forearm vascular resistance (from 24 +/- 4 to 18 +/- 3
      U); there was no significant change in mean arterial pressure (from 83 +/- 2 to
      83 +/- 3 mm Hg). Reflex changes in heart rate were unaltered. The maximal
      vasoconstrictor response in the forearm attained during lower body negative
      pressure was not influenced by AVP, but the reflex vasodilator response to the
      sudden release of lower body negative pressure was significantly augmented,
      vascular resistance falling to 23 +/- 4 U before and 13 +/- 2 U during AVP. The
      unanticipated findings in this study include the biphasic changes in heart rate
      with increasing doses of AVP, the absence of a pressor response, and the
      vasodilatation in forearm vessels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3698250
TI  - Effect of activation of the H1 receptor on coronary hemodynamics in man.
AB  - We evaluated the effects of selective activation of H1 receptors on coronary
      hemodynamics in 16 patients divided into two groups: group A, 11 patients with
      atypical angina or valvular heart disease and normal coronary arteries, and group
      B, five patients with spontaneous angina, four of whom had significant (greater
      than 70% stenosis) coronary artery disease and one with normal coronaries.
      Selective H1 receptor stimulation was achieved by infusing 0.5 microgram/kg/min
      of histamine intravenously for 5 min after pretreatment with cimetidine (25
      mg/kg). Heart rate was maintained constant (100 beats/min) by coronary sinus
      pacing and coronary blood flow (CBF) was measured by thermodilution. In group A,
      during histamine infusion mean aortic pressure fell from 99 +/- 5 to 77 +/- 4 mm
      Hg (mean +/- SEM, p less than .001), coronary vascular resistance (CVR) decreased
      from 1.07 +/- 0.17 to 0.82 +/- 0.14 mm Hg/ml/min (p less than .02), and CBF and
      myocardial oxygen consumption remained unchanged. None of the patients in this
      subgroup developed angina during histamine infusion. In group B, while no
      significant average changes in mean arterial pressure, CVR, or CBF were observed,
      two of the five patients (40%) developed angina during histamine infusion,
      accompanied by ST-T elevation, a decrease in CBF, and an increase in CVR. In one
      of these two patients circumflex coronary arterial spasm was angiographically
      demonstrated during histamine-induced angina. Our results suggest that
      stimulation of the H1 receptor induces a reduction of CVR, probably resulting
      from vasodilation of small coronary resistance vessels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3698251
TI  - Oxygen delivery and consumption and P50 in patients with acute myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - We investigated the relationship between oxygen delivery (DO2), oxygen
      consumption (VO2), and influence of oxyhemoglobin dissociation (P50) on VO2 in 40
      patients with complicated myocardial infarction. A decrease in VO2 and an
      increase in P50 were observed as DO2 decreased due to pump failure. In a given
      range of DO2, VO2 was related to P50 in survivors (r values .472 to .647, p less
      than .01). Each millimeter of mercury increase in P50 was associated with a 5.2
      to 6.5 ml/min X m2 increase in VO2 when DO2 was less than 450 ml/min X m2. No
      similar correlation was found for nonsurvivors. Lactate was higher in
      nonsurvivors despite the fact that DO2 and VO2 were similar in the two groups.
      The lack of compensatory increases in P50 may be pathologic in nonsurvivors.
      However, the value of VO2 as an indicator of tissue oxygenation or survival in
      patients with acute myocardial infarction is questionable.

PMID- 3698253
TI  - Rate control of physiologic pacemakers by central venous blood temperature.
AB  - Heart rate and central venous blood temperature (CVT) were measured in 31 people
      with different exercise capacities by means of a thermistor integrated into a
      lead that was placed in the right ventricle. Bicycle ergometric and treadmill
      stress tests with increasing workloads were performed. The maximum increase in
      CVT with ergometric exercise was found to be 1.3 degrees C at 250 W in healthy
      young volunteers and 1.0 degrees C at 125 W in cardiac patients. Despite a
      relatively greater increase in CVT in the elderly patients compared with the
      volunteers, the correlation between the increase in CVT and that in heart rate at
      the end of each exercise stage was found to be very high (r = .9693 in volunteers
      and r = .9864 in cardiac patients), independent of physical fitness. Even with
      everyday activities such as walking there was a marked increase in CVT. Due to
      its close relationship to human metabolism, CVT represents a good parameter for
      physiologic control of pacing rate.

PMID- 3698252
TI  - The prevalence and clinical significance of residual myocardial ischemia 2 weeks
      after uncomplicated non-Q wave infarction: a prospective natural history study.
AB  - Despite having smaller infarct size and better left ventricular function,
      patients with non-Q wave myocardial infarction (NQMI) appear to have an
      unexpectedly high long-term mortality that is ultimately comparable to that of
      patients with Q-wave myocardial infarction (QMI). Patients with NQMI may lose
      their initial prognostic advantage because there is more viable tissue in the
      perfusion zone of the infarct-related vessel, rendering myocardium more prone to
      reinfarction. We tested this hypothesis in a prospective study of 241 consecutive
      patients 65 years of age or younger with acute uncomplicated myocardial
      infarction confirmed by creatine kinase levels (MB fraction). All patients
      received customary care and none underwent thrombolytic therapy or emergency
      angioplasty. Predischarge coronary angiography, radionuclide ventriculography, 24
      hr Holter monitoring, and quantitative thallium-201 (201T1) scintigraphy during
      treadmill exercise were performed 10 +/- 3 days after infarction. Infarcts were
      designated as QMI (n = 154) or NQMI (n = 87) by accepted criteria applied to
      serial electrocardiograms obtained on days 1, 2, 3, and 10. The baseline Norris
      coronary prognostic index, angiographic jeopardy scores, and prevalence of Lown
      grade ventricular arrhythmias were similar between groups despite evidence for
      less necrosis with NQMI vs QMI, reflected by lower peak creatine kinase levels
      (520 vs 1334 IU/liter; p = .0001, 4 hr sampling), higher resting left ventricular
      ejection fraction (53% vs 46%; p = .0001), fewer akinetic or dyskinetic segments
      (1.2 vs 2.4; p = .0001), and fewer persistent 201Tl defects in the infarct zone
      (0.9 vs 1.9; p = .0001). Patients with NQMI also had more patent infarct-related
      vessels (54% vs 25%; p less than .0001) and a shorter time from onset of
      infarction to peak creatine kinase level (16.9 vs 22.5 hr; p = .0001).
      Importantly, the prevalence and extent of quantitatively determined 201Tl
      redistribution within the infarct zone on exercise scintigraphy was greater in
      patients with NQMI vs those with QMI (60% vs 36%, p = .007; and 0.98 vs 0.53
      myocardial segments, p = .0003); when the two groups were stratified on the basis
      of the infarct-related vessel, subset analysis revealed the same findings. During
      30 months median follow-up, cardiac mortality was low, 8.4% in the QMI group and
      9.2% in the NQMI group (p = NS).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3698254
TI  - Rapid suppression of complex ventricular arrhythmias with high-dose oral
      amiodarone.
AB  - Although amiodarone is effective for the suppression of complex ventricular
      arrhythmias, a major problem with its use is the long delay between the
      initiation of therapy and the onset of effective suppression of arrhythmia. To
      test the hypothesis that rapid loading with oral amiodarone to a target serum
      concentration can overcome much of this delay, eight patients with refractory,
      sustained, hemodynamically compromising ventricular arrhythmias and 10 patients
      with potentially life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias were treated with a
      flexible, very high dose, oral loading protocol (800 to 2000 mg two to three
      times a day). Dosage was adjusted on the basis of amiodarone serum concentrations
      to maintain the trough serum concentrations between 2.0 and 3.0 micrograms/ml.
      Comparison of 24 hr Holter electrocardiograms obtained before and during therapy
      revealed statistically significant reductions in premature ventricular complexes
      (PVCs) and paired PVCs beginning the first day of therapy and a reduction in
      ventricular tachycardia (VT) beginning the second day. By day 2, four of eight
      patients with sustained VT and six of 10 patients with nonsustained VT showed no
      VT. Pulmonary arterial catheterization during the first 24 hr (mean amiodarone
      dose 3933 mg) revealed no significant hemodynamic alterations. Minor side effects
      were common (10 patients) but major side effects were rare (one patient). High
      dose oral loading with amiodarone utilizing serum concentration guidelines is a
      safe and effective method of rapidly controlling life-threatening arrhythmias in
      selected patients.

PMID- 3698255
TI  - Surgical ablation of ventricular tachycardia: improved results with a map
      directed regional approach.
AB  - To determine whether a regional approach to surgery for ventricular tachycardia
      would improve on the results of previously reported methods of endocardial
      resection, an analysis was performed of our surgical experience over a 5 year
      period. Of 46 consecutive patients operated on for recurrent sustained
      ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation, 39 patients with ischemic
      heart disease underwent subendocardial resection and/or cryoablation. The mean
      age of the patients was 61 +/- 8 (SD) years, the mean left ventricular ejection
      fraction was 32 +/- 11%, and the mean number of ineffective antiarrhythmic drugs
      was 3.8 +/- 1.2 per patient. In 35 of 39 patients in whom mapping data were
      obtainable, 56 (86%) tachycardias had earliest sites of activation in the left
      ventricle and nine (14%) had earliest sites in the right ventricle. Ten patients
      had 14 tachycardias (21%) mapped to areas outside visible dense scar. Of these 35
      patients, 10 underwent localized subendocardial resection and 25 underwent a
      regional procedure in which all areas activated before the surface QRS during
      ventricular tachycardia were excised and/or cryoablated. In the operative
      survivors of electrophysiologically guided surgery, three of eight (38%) patients
      with the localized and one of 24 (4%) patients who underwent the regional
      procedure had recurrence of ventricular tachycardia during a follow-up period of
      1 to 59 (mean 22 +/- 17) months (p = .04). The favorable outcome of regional
      surgery was not influenced by the presence of multiple morphologies in 54%,
      disparate sites of origin in 29%, or inferior wall foci in 46% of
      patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3698256
TI  - Effects of diltiazem on regional coronary hemodynamics during atrial pacing in
      patients with stable exertional angina: implications for mechanism of action.
AB  - To investigate the mechanism of the antianginal action of diltiazem in stress
      induced myocardial ischemia, we studied 12 patients with stable exertional angina
      and disease of the proximal left anterior descending artery by measuring great
      cardiac vein flow (GVCF) and calculating anterior regional coronary resistance
      (ARCR) during myocardial ischemia induced by atrial pacing before and after
      intravenous administration of diltiazem (0.25 mg/kg in a bolus dose followed by
      continuous infusion of 0.005 mg/kg/min). Diltiazem increased the pacing time to
      angina from 6.9 +/- 3.5 to 10.7 +/- 4 min (p less than .001). At peak pacing
      heart rate was increased after diltiazem (from 128 +/- 17 to 145 +/- 17
      beats/min, p less than .005), while mean arterial pressure was decreased (from
      131 +/- 19 to 113 +/- 17 mm Hg, p less than .025), leaving the double product
      unaltered. At peak pacing no changes were observed in GCVF (from 115 +/- 46 to
      119 +/- 46 ml/min, p = NS), ARCR (from 1.3 +/- 0.4 to 1.1 +/- 0.4 mm Hg/ml/min),
      or myocardial oxygen consumption of the anterior region (from 14.5 +/- 4.2 to
      13.4 +/- 4.7 ml/min). Reduction of myocardial oxygen demand plays a major role in
      the antianginal action of diltiazem in patients with stress-induced myocardial
      ischemia.

PMID- 3698257
TI  - Changes in myocardial metabolism during therapy in patients with chronic stable
      angina: a comparison of long-term dosing with propranolol and nicardipine.
AB  - The long-term effects of antianginal therapy on coronary blood flow and
      myocardial metabolism were studied in 35 patients with chronic stable angina.
      Arterial and coronary sinus blood samples and coronary blood flow measurements
      were obtained before and after 1 month of oral administration of propranolol or
      of the calcium antagonist nicardipine. When the data obtained at a fixed heart
      rate (10% to 15% above the pretreatment sinus rhythm) were compared, no
      significant differences were evidenced between the propranolol and the
      nicardipine groups. Coronary blood flow and myocardial oxygen uptake were
      unchanged with both drugs. Myocardial lactate uptake increased in 11 patients of
      the propranolol group (from -2 +/- 42 to 66 +/- 47 mumol/min, p less than .001)
      and in 11 patients of the nicardipine group (from 0 +/- 36 to 31 +/- 29
      mumol/min, p less than .001). In these 22 patients, the increase in lactate
      uptake was accompanied by reductions in uptake of free fatty acids and by a
      decrease in the coronary sinus concentration of thromboxane B2 from 131 +/- 87 to
      61 +/- 32 pg/ml (p less than .01), whereas the transcardiac release of
      prostacyclin increased. None of these changes in free fatty acids or in
      prostanoid handling were observed in the nine patients (five in the propranolol
      and four in the nicardipine group) in whom lactate uptake was not augmented.
      During pacing-induced tachycardia, the metabolic effects of the two drugs
      appeared different. Myocardial lactate uptake decreased more in the patients
      receiving propranolol than in those receiving nicardipine and the combined
      productions of alanine and glutamine rose by 3.2 +/- 5.8 mumol/min in the
      propranolol group while it decreased by 3.1 +/- 8.2 mumol/min in the nicardipine
      group (p less than .025 propranolol vs nicardipine). In conclusion, long-term
      antianginal therapy with propranolol or nicardipine improved several markers of
      myocardial ischemia in approximately two-thirds of the patients. Although the
      changes observed at low heart rates were similar with the two drugs, the data
      also suggest that better metabolic protection is provided by the calcium
      antagonist during pacing-induced tachycardia.

PMID- 3698258
TI  - Valvular-ventricular interaction: importance of the mitral apparatus in canine
      left ventricular systolic performance.
AB  - As the mitral valvular apparatus tenses during systole, forces transmitted along
      the chordae tendineae to the left ventricular chamber may influence left
      ventricular performance. To test this hypothesis, 10 dogs anesthetized with
      fentanyl were studied during cardiopulmonary bypass. The importance of the mitral
      apparatus in left ventricular systolic function was assessed independent of load
      by means of the slope of the contractile state-dependent left ventricular peak
      isovolumetric pressure-volume relationship (Emax), which was measured at constant
      heart rate and aortic pressure with a micromanometer inside a left ventricular
      intracavitary balloon before and immediately after all chordae tendineae were
      severed. Herniation of the balloon was prevented by a disk secured to the mitral
      anulus. Emax decreased from 11.97 +/- 3.35 (+/- SD) to 6.38 +/- 0.96 mm Hg/ml (p
      less than .001) with chordal severing. The volume intercept (Vo) was unchanged.
      Fluoroscopic studies of the balloon contour in eight additional dogs revealed
      dyskinesia in the area of the papillary muscle insertion and substantial
      alterations in chamber geometry during systole after the chordae were severed.
      Accordingly, we conclude that global left ventricular systolic performance is
      impaired when chordal attachments of the mitral valve are disrupted. Changes in
      left ventricular geometry or loss of inward force normally transmitted to the
      left ventricular wall as the valve tense may underlie these changes. These
      findings suggest that postoperative left ventricular dysfunction after mitral
      valve replacement may be attributable, in part, to excision of the native mitral
      apparatus at the time of surgery and support efforts to spare chordae during
      mitral valve surgery.

PMID- 3698260
TI  - Mechanisms underlying the antiarrhythmic and arrhythmogenic actions of quinidine
      in a Purkinje fiber-ischemic gap preparation of reflected reentry.
AB  - The effects of therapeutic levels of quinidine were studied in an ischemic gap
      preparation of reflected reentry. The preparation consisted of a Purkinje fiber
      mounted in a three-compartment chamber. A narrow central compartment was perfused
      with a solution prepared to mimic the extracellular milieu at a site of ischemia.
      Quinidine in concentrations that exert little effect on normal Purkinje tissue, 1
      to 2 micrograms/ml, greatly impaired conduction and markedly prolonged
      refractoriness across the ischemic gap. The drug effected these changes by (1)
      extending the inexcitable zone within the depressed region, (2) decreasing the
      amplitude of the input signal entering this zone, and (3) decreasing the
      excitability of the tissue beyond the depressed zone (evaluated by current clamp
      techniques). These actions of the drug produced both antiarrhythmic and
      proarrhythmic effects. When the initial level of conduction impairment was high,
      quinidine totally suppressed reflected reentry at all frequencies by
      precipitating complete anterograde conduction block. At intermediate levels of
      block, the drug generally caused a prominent shift of the frequency dependence of
      reentrant activity to lower stimulation rates. Finally, when conduction was
      relatively less impaired, quinidine created the conditions for reflected reentry
      to occur. Our results suggest that the heart rate dependence of reentrant
      arrhythmias might be of prognostic value in the administration of antiarrhythmic
      drugs.

PMID- 3698259
TI  - Effects of varying electrode configuration with catheter-mediated defibrillator
      pulses at the coronary sinus orifice in dogs.
AB  - We compared two methods of delivering single damped sine-wave defibrillator
      pulses to the coronary sinus orifice in 20 dogs. Ten dogs had "unipolar"
      (coronary sinus to precordial disc) and 10 had "bipolar" (coronary sinus proximal
      to coronary sinus distal electrode) discharges. Delivered voltage, current, and
      energy were recorded during each pulse. Electrophysiologic testing was done
      before and 4 weeks after the procedure. Histologic examination of the
      atrioventricular groove was done at 1 mm serial sections. For the unipolar
      configuration a 200 J defibrillator pulse resulted in a peak voltage of 3370 +/-
      125 V, a peak current of 21 +/- 4 A, and a delivered energy of 253 +/- 29 J as
      compared with 3010 +/- 99 V, 70 +/- 4 A, and 144 +/- 18 J, respectively, for the
      bipolar configuration (p less than .001). Three dogs (two with bipolar, one with
      unipolar pulses) had gross coronary sinus rupture and died from acute pericardial
      tamponade. In addition, irrespective of electrode configuration, all dogs showed
      microscopic rupture of the coronary sinus internal elastic membrane. Transmural
      atrial scarring occurred in all 10 dogs that received a unipolar pulse but in
      only two dogs that received a bipolar pulse (p = .0004). Unlike the atrium,
      injury to the left ventricle was limited in both groups. Similarly, injury to the
      periannular myocardium was inconsistent and not transmural in either group. No
      significant electrophysiologic changes were observed. With the present technique,
      unipolar rather than bipolar catheter-mediated defibrillator pulses result in
      transmural atrial injury that might prevent accessory pathway conduction.
      Regardless of electrode configuration, high-energy defibrillator pulses
      consistently cause some degree of coronary sinus rupture, most likely related to
      a barotraumatic mechanism.

PMID- 3698261
TI  - The influence of residual coronary stenosis on size of infarction after
      reperfusion in a canine preparation.
AB  - The effect of a residual coronary artery stenosis on size of myocardial
      infarction was studied in an open-chest canine preparation of coronary occlusion
      and reperfusion. Eighteen male mongrel dogs (16 to 26 kg) underwent left
      thoracotomy under general anesthesia; the circumflex artery was instrumented with
      a hydraulic cuff occluder, a screw clamp, and an electromagnetic flow probe.
      Animals were randomized to one of three groups: group I (n = 6) had a 6 hr
      circumflex occlusion, group II (n = 6) had a 2 hr occlusion followed by 4 hr of
      partial reperfusion through a residual stenosis adjusted to approximately 30% of
      baseline flow, and group III (n = 6) had full reperfusion for 4 hr after a 2 hr
      occlusion. Zones of risk, infarction, and no reflow were defined by staining with
      Evans blue, triphenyl tetrazolium chloride, and fluorescein, respectively. At 6
      hr the hearts were excised and areas of risk, infarction, no reflow, and
      hemorrhage were determined by planimetry of serial transverse heart slices (5 mm
      thick). Infarction as a percent of the risk area was 96 +/- 1% in group I, 90 +/-
      2% in group II, and 79 +/- 4% in group III (p less than .001), and the
      differences between each of the groups were significant. Gross hemorrhage was
      seen in none of the six dogs in group I, two of the six in group II, and five of
      the six in group III, but did not affect infarct size. We conclude that residual
      stenoses may exert a deleterious effect on the outcome of coronary
      reperfusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3698262
TI  - Overestimation of infarct size by quantitative two-dimensional echocardiography:
      the role of tethering and of analytic procedures.
AB  - Analyses of regional left ventricular systolic wall motion or thickening
      overestimate infarct size. We used quantitative two-dimensional echocardiographic
      analysis of systolic thickening and contrast two-dimensional echocardiography to
      evaluate causes for that overestimation. The following possibilities were
      considered: "tethering," defined as dysfunction of contrast-enhancing myocardium
      adjacent to ischemic or contrast-negative regions, and the role of standard
      center of mass analysis algorithms, which may overestimate wall motion
      abnormalities because of the axis shift produced by simultaneous systolic
      expansion of the ischemic segment and systolic contraction of the nonischemic
      segment. In the short-axis view in 12 animals, the echo contrast defect (ECD)
      occupied 32 +/- 7% of the left ventricular circumference. Extent of dysfunction
      by the center of mass analysis was 39 +/- 5% of the left ventricular
      circumference and correlation with ECD size was .68 (SEE = 5.2%). Thus 8 +/- 6%
      of the circumference of the left ventricle was assessed to be dysfunctional yet
      enhanced with contrast. Tethering accounted for only half of this (4 +/- 4% of
      left ventricular circumference) and involved less than 1 cm on either side of the
      ECD. The remaining overestimation by the center of mass analysis correlated
      significantly (r = .89, p less than .01) with the amount of systolic expansion of
      the ECD. This expansion of the ECD (increase in angle subtended by the ECD of 11
      +/- 8%) was produced by the systolic shift in the center of mass toward the
      dysfunctional segment from contraction of the opposite, nonischemic
      segment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3698263
TI  - Erythrocyte aldehyde dehydrogenase: assay of a potential biochemical marker of
      alcohol abuse.
AB  - Erythrocyte aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH; EC 1.2.1.3) may be a new biochemical
      indicator of alcohol abuse. An improved assay for it is described and
      characterized. We found that expression of erythrocyte ALDH activity in terms of
      hemoglobin was valid, and preferable to expression in terms of erythrocyte
      volume. A normal reference interval was determined from results for 375 healthy
      subjects (236 men, 139 women). We compared these data with results for 109 men
      admitted to our alcohol detoxification program. The mean erythrocyte ALDH of the
      alcohol abusers was 30% lower than our mean value for men (p less than 0.001).
      Values did not change between the time the patient presented for admission and
      greater than 48 h later (when blood-ethanol concentration was zero). Other
      variables that affect erythrocyte ALDH activities--changes in pH, temperature,
      other assay conditions, and drug treatments such as disulfiram and nitrate anti
      anginals--are discussed.

PMID- 3698264
TI  - Dry- and wet-ashing techniques compared in analyses for zinc, copper, manganese,
      and iron in hair.
AB  - Preparation of hair specimens for trace-metal analyses is routinely done by wet-
      or dry-ashing. Wet-ashing is more time consuming than dry-ashing and can be
      dangerous. We wished to determine if dry-ashing was a suitable alternative to wet
      ashing with HClO4:HNO3 or HNO3 alone in preparing hair for measurement of zinc,
      copper, iron, and manganese by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Concentrations of
      Zn, Cu, and Mn were not differently affected in hair that was dry- or wet-ashed.
      Analytical recovery of these elements added to hair samples ranged from 102 to
      108%; day-to-day CVs were less than 5%. Fe was lost during dry-ashing of hair,
      and wet-ashing with HNO3 produced results for Fe comparable with those obtained
      with HClO4:HNO3. Therefore we recommend dry-ashing of hair to be analyzed for Zn,
      Cu, and Mn, but wet-ashing with HNO3 for assays of Fe.

PMID- 3698265
TI  - Colorimetric determination of carboxypeptidase A activity in serum.
AB  - This simple, reproducible colorimetric method for determining the activity of
      carboxypeptidase A (EC 3.4.17.1) is based on measuring the absorbance at 505 nm
      of a quinoneimine dye produced from the action of this enzyme on the new
      substrate p-hydroxybenzoyl-glycyl-L-phenylalanine. The enzyme acts on the
      substrate to produce p-hydroxybenzoyl-glycine and L-phenylalanine. The former is
      then hydrolyzed by hippuricase (EC 3.5.1.14) to produce p-hydroxybenzoic acid and
      glycine. Finally, oxidative coupling of p-hydroxybenzoic acid with 4
      aminoantipyrine by sodium periodate forms a quinoneimine dye. The Km for the
      reaction with this substrate is 3.6 mmol/L; the optimum pH is 7.8. Our within-run
      and between-run CVs are 4.3% and 6.6%, respectively. The activity of
      carboxypeptidase A in serum correlates well with that of lipase (r = 0.96) and
      immunoreactive elastase-1 (r = 0.76).

PMID- 3698266
TI  - Turbidimetric assay of IgG with use of single monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - We describe a turbidimetric assay for quantifying total immunoglobulin G (IgG) in
      serum with use of a single monoclonal antibody. The reaction, monitored by a
      centrifugal analyzer, is technically simple, rapid, and precise. Buffer of low
      ionic strength and polyethylene glycol are required for formation of detectable
      antibody-antigen complexes. We measured IgG concentrations in 49 polyclonal sera
      (Group 1) and 84 sera containing monoclonal IgG (Group 2) in assays in which we
      used either of two anti-IgG monoclonal antibodies (HG6 or HG8). Results compared
      well with those obtained with a nephelometric assay involving polyclonal
      antiserum, except for sera from four persons of Group 2 whose immunoglobulins
      were not detected by antibody HG6. HG6 bound IgG from these four sera in a solid
      phase binding assay. HG6 and HG8 recognize epitopes on the Fab and Fc regions of
      IgG, respectively, and they do not compete for binding to the whole molecule.
      However, use of the two monoclonal antibodies combined failed to improve the
      sensitivity or range of the assay. We conclude that light-scattering assays of
      IgG can be validly performed with a single monoclonal antibody.

PMID- 3698267
TI  - Use of purified lyophilized human lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in a study of
      the measurement of lactate dehydrogenase activity.
AB  - We examined the stability of human lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27; LD)
      isoenzymes 1, 2, and 3--purified to specific activities of about 200 kU/g--when
      lyophilized in a buffered stabilized matrix of bovine albumin. Each isoenzyme was
      prepared at two activity concentrations and stored at -20, 4, 20, 37, and 56
      degrees C for as long as six months. LD-1 activity decayed with zero-order
      kinetics, LD-2 and LD-3 with first-order kinetics. The extrapolated half-lives of
      these preparations at -20 degrees C varied between 80 and 530 years. Stability of
      reconstituted samples stored at 4 degrees C was excellent for LD-1 but poor for
      LD-2 and LD-3. We suggest that preparations of human LD-1 be further investigated
      as a possible reference material.

PMID- 3698268
TI  - Association of apolipoprotein E polymorphism, low-density lipoprotein
      cholesterol, and coronary artery disease.
AB  - We determined the frequencies of genetic apolipoprotein E isoforms in 570
      survivors of myocardial infarction, all with demonstrable coronary heart disease,
      as compared with 624 healthy persons. In controls, E-4/E-3 heterozygosity was
      associated with total cholesterol concentrations of 1985 (SD 364) mg/L and low
      density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol concentrations of 1306 (SD 332) mg/L.
      Significantly lower values, 1811 (SD 312) mg/L and 1121 (SD 274) mg/L,
      respectively, were observed for E-3/E-2 heterozygous persons. In survivors of
      myocardial infarction, the respective values were significantly higher than in
      controls, differing between E-4/E-3 and E-3/E-2 heterozygous patients by 233 and
      220 mg/L, respectively. Moreover, E-4/E-3 heterozygosity was accompanied by
      earlier age of myocardial infarction (48.8 +/- 7.4 years) as compared with E-3/E
      2 heterozygosity (53.4 +/- 6.9 years) and E-3/E-3 homozygosity (51.2 +/- 7.7
      years). Evidently, apolipoprotein E polymorphism can contribute to total and LDL
      cholesterol concentrations in serum, thereby affecting risk of coronary heart
      disease and myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3698269
TI  - Liquid-chromatographic measurements of inosine, hypoxanthine, and xanthine in
      studies of fructose-induced degradation of adenine nucleotides in humans and
      rats.
AB  - We applied a sensitive, precise liquid-chromatographic method of analysis for
      inosine, hypoxanthine, and xanthine to the study of fructose metabolism in humans
      and in rats. In the rat, intravenous loading with fructose induced, within
      minutes, substantial increases in the concentrations of inosine, hypoxanthine,
      and xanthine in plasma and urine. In plasma, these concentrations peaked after 5
      min, then practically disappeared within 10 min. As expected, the fructose
      induced increase in hypoxanthine was greatly amplified by pretreating the rats
      with allopurinol, an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. In a healthy human subject,
      intravenous administration of fructose also induced prompt, substantial, and
      rapidly reversing increases in the concentrations of these metabolites of adenine
      nucleotides in plasma. The finding that fructose induced almost-immediate
      increases in the plasma concentrations of inosine, hypoxanthine, and xanthine is
      consistent with previous studies in rats, in which parenteral administration of
      fructose induced almost-immediate decreases of total adenine nucleotides (ATP +
      ADP + AMP) in the liver, and increased concentrations of uric acid and allantoin
      in the plasma.

PMID- 3698270
TI  - Two methods compared for measuring LD-1/total LD activity in serum.
AB  - We present evidence for the utility of an improved assay for the activity of
      lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) isoenzymes 1 and 2 in serum, involving
      inhibition of the H-subunit of LD by pyruvate at pH 7.1. Results correlate well
      with the LD-1/total LD ratio as evaluated by immunological assay and, as an index
      to infarct, the method is superior to either the change in CK-MB activity or to
      the LD-1 activity or to a combination of these tests, as is the percentage of LD
      1 to total LD activity. Moreover, the percentage inhibition of LD activity by
      pyruvate may have an advantage over other methods of isoenzyme fractionation
      because of its smaller population CV for patients with acute myocardial
      infarction than is true of other methods. We also demonstrate how, using a linear
      discriminant analysis, we compared this method with alternative methods. We
      determined that evaluation of CK-MB isoenzyme contributes no information in
      addition to that obtained from the LD-1 isoenzyme.

PMID- 3698271
TI  - Clinical utility of measuring free thyroxin and free triiodothyronine in serum of
      critically ill patients by ultrafiltration.
AB  - Free thyroxin (FT4) measurements by ultrafiltration were compared with results
      obtained by equilibrium dialysis and commercial RIA methods. In a group of
      critically ill patients, the mean +/- 2 SD FT4 value by ultrafiltration (26.5 +/-
      21.4 ng/L) was higher than in the healthy reference population (19.3 +/- 9.8
      ng/L, p less than 0.0001), and correlated well with equilibrium dialysis (23.8 +/
      20 ng/L, r = 0.87). By a two-step RIA method (Clinical Assays), the FT4 value
      was greater in the critically ill (14.7 +/- 9.6 ng/L) than in the reference
      population (12.8 +/- 5 ng/L, p less than 0.001) and was also correlated with
      ultrafiltration results (r = 0.71). FT4 values for the ill patients were lower
      than for the reference population in two one-step RIA methods (Clinical Assays:
      8.6 +/- 7.1 ng/L; Corning Medical: 12.7 +/- 9.4 ng/L), neither of which gave
      results correlated with ultrafiltration (r = 0.16 and 0.22, respectively). The
      concentration of free triiodothyronine (FT3), also measured by ultrafiltration,
      was 4.5 +/- 2.2 ng/L in healthy subjects, 12.5 +/- 14.2 ng/L in hyperthyroidism,
      1.7 +/- 2.0 ng/L in hypothyroidism, 2.2 +/- 1.9 ng/L in the critically ill
      subjects, and 3.8 +/- 0.9 ng/L in pregnancy. Thus, FT4 and FT3 measured by
      ultrafiltration accurately affects assessment of the thyroid status of the
      patient except in critical illnesses in which FT3 values are indistinguishable
      from those in hypothyroidism.

PMID- 3698272
TI  - Differences between young and elderly subjects in seasonal and circadian
      variations of total plasma proteins and blood volume as reflected by hemoglobin,
      hematocrit, and erythrocyte counts.
AB  - Circadian and seasonal rhythms in total plasma proteins were documented in
      healthy young men (around 24 years old), and in elderly subjects (both sexes),
      including senile-dementia patients in their eighties. The concentration of plasma
      proteins within a given group changed predictably (7-13%), depending on the hour
      of sampling and the season. Concentrations decreased noticeably around 04:00 h,
      then peaked around 08:00 h (shortly after waking). The 24-h mean concentrations
      of total plasma proteins were lower in the elderly groups than in the young men.
      But the seasonal variations of the 24-h mean values were strikingly larger in the
      elderly groups (7-8 g/L) than in the young men (2-5 g/L). Moreover, the circadian
      profiles of plasma proteins differed from the profiles of hematocrit, hemoglobin,
      and erythrocyte counts. Evidently, circadian variations of blood volume may not
      be the only element accounting for the variations of plasma protein
      concentrations. We suggest that the rhythms in plasma protein concentrations be
      taken into account when reference values are set. Circadian and seasonal
      variations in plasma proteins may also significantly affect the transport and
      binding of drugs, especially in the aged.

PMID- 3698273
TI  - Progesterone in saliva: pitfalls and consequent implications for accuracy of the
      determination.
AB  - The concentration of steroid hormones in saliva is believed to reflect the
      concentration of free hormone in blood. Because the assay for progesterone in
      saliva has not been rigorously validated, we investigated some of the analytical
      variables involved. Saliva samples were divided into two portions. One was
      centrifuged and the supernate used for extraction; the other was homogenized by
      sonication and used as such for extraction. Progesterone concentrations in
      homogenized whole saliva were double or triple those in supernates. By
      equilibrium dialysis we established that 85% of progesterone was in the free form
      in supernates but only 60 to 70% in homogenized whole saliva, depending upon the
      phase of the cycle of the subjects. Salivary flow was stimulated by crystals of
      citric acid; unstimulated and stimulated saliva samples were obtained from the
      same person. Progesterone concentrations were significantly (p less than 0.02)
      higher in stimulated samples than in unstimulated ones, particularly in samples
      collected during the luteal phase.

PMID- 3698274
TI  - Evaluation of a cystic fibrosis screening system incorporating a miniature sweat
      stimulator and disposable chloride sensor.
AB  - A new sweat test (CF Indicator; Medtronic, Inc.) for cystic fibrosis (CF)
      features a compact, portable configuration of electrodes that dispense
      pilocarpine for iontophoresis. A disposable chloride sensor patch absorbs a
      specified volume of sweat, in which the chloride concentration is immediately
      determined as less than 40, 40-60, or greater than 60 mmol/L. We assessed the
      performance of the system in a five-center study, in relation to the clinical
      diagnosis and to the Gibson-Cooke sweat test (GCST) as a control test. With sweat
      chloride concentrations of less than or equal to 40 mmol/L defined as normal and
      greater than 40 mmol/L as indicating persons at risk for CF, the new system
      showed 91% specificity and 100% sensitivity for CF, as compared with 92.8% and
      100%, respectively, for the GCST. When we used sweat chloride concentrations of
      less than or equal to 60 mmol/L as probably normal and greater than 60 mmol/L as
      probably indicative of CF, the new system showed a 99.1% specificity and 98.6%
      sensitivity, vs 97.8% specificity and 97.9% sensitivity for the GCST test. In
      both procedures, occasionally insufficient sweat was collected, and this appeared
      related to the age of the subject. We conclude that the new sweat test system is
      potentially useful in physicians' offices, in clinics, and similar settings.

PMID- 3698275
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of prolactin in blood spotted on filter paper.
AB  - In this method for estimating prolactin, 50 microL of whole blood obtained by
      finger puncture is spotted onto filter paper and blood-spot samples are "punched
      out" with a 3-mm (diameter) paper punch. The blood is extracted with aqueous
      buffers and the prolactin measured in large batches by radioimmunoassay. Results
      were identical with those for prolactin in serum. Prolactin in blood spots is
      stable at room temperature for up to one week and for several months at -20
      degrees C. This simple technique for obtaining blood samples for prolactin
      estimation has particular potential for field studies of lactating women.

PMID- 3698276
TI  - Myoglobinemia after burn injury: relationship to creatine kinase activity in
      serum.
AB  - Myoglobin is released into the blood after burn injury. We measured it and other
      analytes in blood collected from 22 burn patients two to seven times during their
      recovery. There was a significant correlation between myoglobinemia and creatine
      kinase (CK) activity in serum (r = 0.764; p less than 0.001). In a group of 14
      thermal-burn subjects a correlation was found between burn depth (clinically
      expressed as Unit Burn Surface) and both myoglobinemia (r = 0.825; p less than
      0.01) and CK activity (r = 0.686; p less than 0.01). In eight thermal-burn
      patients who were recovering satisfactorily, myoglobin and CK activity measured
      on days 2, 4, 7, 10, and 13 after injury were significantly increased (p less
      than 0.05) on days 2, 4, and 7. Evidently myoglobinemia and CK activity are good
      biological markers of burn depth, and reflect muscle damage equally well.

PMID- 3698277
TI  - Densitometry and microchromatography compared for determination of the hemoglobin
      C and A2 proportions in hemoglobin C and hemoglobin SC disease and in hemoglobin
      C trait.
AB  - Using both densitometry and anion-exchange microchromatography, we measured
      hemoglobin C (Hb C) and Hb A2 proportions in 11 patients, eight of whom had Hb
      AC, two Hb SC, and one Hb CC. For one patient with Hb SC, we made the
      determinations before and after a transfusion. The mean (and SD) for the sum of
      Hb C + Hb A2 by densitometry and anion-exchange microchromatography for the nine
      patients with Hb AC and Hb CC were 45 (18) and 40 (18)%, respectively (p greater
      than 0.1, r = 0.98); for the three determinations involving the two Hb SC
      patients, the respective proportions were 40 (9.9) and 38 (6.6)% (r = 0.88).
      Electrophoretic analysis of microchromatographic eluates from the Hb AC and Hb CC
      patients showed that 6% of the absorbance of the late high-ionic-strength eluate
      was due to Hb C, which was responsible for the statistically insignificant
      difference between densitometric and chromatographic values for Hb C + A2 values.
      Electrophoresis on cellulose acetate of concentrated eluates of the Hb C + A2
      fraction from the two Hb SC patients revealed no contamination by Hb S.
      Evidently, microchromatography can be used to determine Hb C + A2 in patients
      with Hb C or Hb SC disease or Hb C trait.

PMID- 3698278
TI  - Increased excretion of histidyl-L-proline diketopiperazine by infants receiving
      Pregestimil and Nutramigen formulas.
AB  - Histidyl-L-proline diketopiperazine is excreted in increased amounts by infants
      receiving Nutramigen or Pregestimil. When these formulas are discontinued, its
      excretion becomes undetectable. The compound was isolated from Nutramigen and
      Pregestimil, as well as from the urine of the infants receiving these formulas,
      and was identified by comparison with authentic histidyl-L-proline
      diketopiperazine standard in various chromatographic and electrophoretic systems.
      A neuropeptide widely distributed in the brain and gut and having a variety of
      biological functions, histidyl-L-proline diketopiperazine may have as-yet
      undetermined effects on infants who are receiving these formulas.

PMID- 3698279
TI  - Evaluation of a direct fluorometric method for determination of serum retinol.
AB  - We evaluated the usefulness of a fluorometric method for determining serum
      retinol (Futterman et al., Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1975;14:125-30) in which
      fluorescence (excitation 335 nm; emission 460 nm) of retinol is directly measured
      in unextracted, diluted serum. Using serum from 466 individual donors, we
      compared values so obtained with those by a "high-performance" liquid
      chromatographic method. The correlation coefficient (r) was 0.74. When we
      compared fluorometric retinol values with retinol-binding protein values for the
      466 samples, r was 0.71. About 1% of the 466 samples had markedly higher values
      by fluorometry than by chromatography, the result of positive interferences. For
      two serum pools, we obtained CVs of 1.58% (n = 57) and 1.79% (n = 57) in long
      term precision studies lasting 60 days. Although the fluorometric method of
      Futterman et al. has not been widely adopted, we find that it is simple to
      perform and that results compare favorably with the chromatographic method in
      precision and accuracy. It is unique among commonly used serum retinol methods in
      that the serum need not be extracted with organic solvents.

PMID- 3698280
TI  - Collection of blood on filter paper for measurement of glycated hemoglobin by
      affinity chromatography.
AB  - We present data on a filter-paper collection and assay method for measurement of
      glycated hemoglobin (gHb). Onto filter paper dipped into a solution of glucose
      oxidase (EC 1.1.3.4) and allowed to dry, approximately 20 microL of capillary
      blood was spotted. For analysis, we eluted the dried blood spot from the paper by
      soaking in water for 1 h, then measured the gHb in the eluate by affinity
      chromatography. Because the gHb significantly increased from day 1 to day 14 of
      storage, it was necessary to standardize the day of elution from the paper. We
      found a high correlation between gHb measured from samples stored for 14 days on
      treated paper and gHb measured by affinity chromatography from frozen whole blood
      or hemolysates (r = 0.96). This method is convenient, requiring small amounts of
      blood and little sample handling and assay time, and may be particularly useful
      in certain situations such as large-scale screening for diabetes.

PMID- 3698281
TI  - Simple liquid-chromatographic determination of urinary coproporphyrin in workers
      exposed to lead.
AB  - We developed a simple method for the determination of urinary coproporphyrin (CP)
      in lead workers, using a "high-performance" liquid chromatograph (HPLC) equipped
      with a fluorescence detector. The detection limit of urinary CP in this method
      was 5 micrograms per liter of urine. The working linear range of urinary CP
      concentration was 5 to 1500 micrograms/L. In 41 lead-exposed workers, the urinary
      CP values obtained by the present HPLC method were well correlated with those
      obtained by a conventional spectrophotometric method (r = 0.94). The present
      method is useful for screening workers exposed to lead.

PMID- 3698282
TI  - Importance of simultaneous determination of coproporphyrin and hemoglobin in
      contaminated amniotic fluid.
AB  - To detect the presence of meconium and blood, we determined coproporphyrin and
      hemoglobin in 78 amniotic fluid samples, classified according to their visual
      aspect as clear (n = 45) or meconium-stained (n = 33). Among the 33 samples
      visually judged as meconial, a comparison of the results of their biochemical
      analysis with the mean values for clear amniotic fluids showed that only five of
      the 33 were contaminated solely with meconium. Seven others were exclusively
      bloody, and 19 were meconial and bloody. In two, the contaminant was neither
      meconium nor blood. Evidently, when the fluid is brownish, simple visual
      examination does not suffice for distinguishing meconium from old blood or other
      pigments. We propose a simple, rapid, and reliable method for simultaneously
      measuring contamination with meconium or blood.

PMID- 3698283
TI  - Stability of catecholamines in whole blood, plasma, and platelets.
AB  - Checking catecholamine stability in whole blood, plasma, and platelets, we found
      that specimens stored at room temperature or frozen for periods ranging from 1.5
      h to three weeks show no significant difference in measured catecholamine
      concentration. The implications of these findings are discussed.

PMID- 3698284
TI  - Simplified liquid-chromatographic assay of amiodarone and desethylamiodarone
      after solid-phase extraction.
AB  - We describe a rapid, simplified isocratic "high-performance" liquid
      chromatographic method for simultaneous measurement of the antiarrhythmic drug
      amiodarone and its major metabolite, desethylamiodarone, in small volumes of sera
      (100 microL). Compared with liquid-liquid extraction, the solid-phase method of
      extraction saves time and glassware and improves reproducibility for small sample
      volumes. Amiodarone and desethylamiodarone could be measured at concentrations as
      low as 250 micrograms/L. Standard curves for the drug and metabolite are linear
      over the range of concentrations found in our patients. Within-run CVs (n = 6)
      ranged from 2.7% to 4.5% for amiodarone and from 4.0% to 5.7% for
      desethylamiodarone over the range of 250 to 4000 micrograms/L. Between-run CVs (n
      = 12) were 8.3% and 5.7% for amiodarone and desethylamiodarone, respectively.
      Commonly used cardiovascular medications do not interfere with the assay.

PMID- 3698285
TI  - Liquid-chromatographic assay of cefoperazone from plasma and bile.

PMID- 3698286
TI  - Improved linearity of the calcium-cresolphthalein complexone reaction with sodium
      acetate.

PMID- 3698287
TI  - Assessing the automatic DIAMAT liquid chromatograph for glycated hemoglobins.

PMID- 3698288
TI  - Non-effect of uremia on analytical recovery of aluminum in serum.

PMID- 3698289
TI  - C-terminal radioimmunoassays for parathyrin compared for the diagnosis of primary
      hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 3698290
TI  - Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase double kinetic assay in a
      single channel of the Hitachi 705 analyzer.

PMID- 3698291
TI  - A commercially available paper sample collection method for measuring glycated
      hemoglobin evaluated: are all of these people diabetic?

PMID- 3698292
TI  - Serum lipase and assessment of pancreatic function.

PMID- 3698293
TI  - A semi-automated ELISA for serum ferritin determination.

PMID- 3698294
TI  - Clinical chemistry in the People's Republic of China: 1985.

PMID- 3698295
TI  - Liquid chromatography used in diagnosis of a rare hemoglobin combination:
      hemoglobin S/LeporeBoston.
AB  - "High-performance" liquid chromatography (HPLC), applied to hemoglobin analysis,
      is decidely more sensitive and gives better resolution than do routine
      electrophoretic methods. Here we present a case with a rare double heterozygote
      hemoglobin S/LeporeBoston, originally diagnosed as homozygous hemoglobin S by
      routine electrophoretic methods. Using a gradient elution weak cation-exchange
      HPLC technique, we could separate hemoglobin S and hemoglobin LeporeBoston and
      make the correct diagnosis. This case demonstrates how HPLC can be a useful
      adjunct to routine electrophoresis.

PMID- 3698296
TI  - More on heparin effect on Na measurement.

PMID- 3698297
TI  - A reminder that hyperlipidemia interferes with determination of thyrotropin.

PMID- 3698298
TI  - Lysophospholipids in human semen.

PMID- 3698299
TI  - Se concentrations in serum and angiographically defined coronary artery disease
      are uncorrelated.

PMID- 3698300
TI  - Urinary protein/creatinine index.

PMID- 3698301
TI  - Labetalol analysis with the TOXI-LAB. A Drug-Detection system.

PMID- 3698302
TI  - Increased urinary excretion of retinol-binding protein during normal pregnancies.

PMID- 3698303
TI  - More on in situ monitoring.

PMID- 3698304
TI  - Isoforms of creatine kinase MM and MB in acute myocardial infarction: a clinical
      evaluation.
AB  - Serum creatine kinase (CK, EC 2.7.3.2) isoenzymes MM and MB were resolved,
      respectively, into three (MM1, MM2, MM3) and two (MB1, MB2) isoforms (subforms
      derived from the same isoenzyme) by electrophoresis and the isoform patterns were
      determined in multiple sequential serum samples, timed from the onset of chest
      pain, from 58 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). During the first 3
      h after the onset of chest pain, the serum isoform activity resembled the pattern
      seen in normal volunteers. Specimens obtained 6 h after AMI showed predominantly
      MM3 and MB2 (45% and 11% of the total CK activity, respectively). Between 10 and
      72 h, there was a gradual shift in which MM3, MM2 and MB2 decreased, while MM1
      and MB1 increased. MB2 and MB1 disappeared from the pattern for samples collected
      after 24-48 h, while MM1 was always the most prominent band at the end of the
      observation period (66%, range 41-77%, at 48 h). These data suggest that a single
      determination of CK isoform pattern, drawn between 6 and 48 h after AMI, may
      provide an effective means of predicting the time of onset of necrosis. There
      were no significant differences in the CK isoform patterns according to infarct
      location and functional status of patients.

PMID- 3698306
TI  - Pregnancy-associated alpha 2-glycoprotein (alpha 2-PAG): development of a
      sensitive enzyme-linked immunoassay and comparison of serum concentrations in
      adults and children.
AB  - Using a newly-developed and very sensitive enzyme-linked immunoassay technique,
      we have measured circulating alpha 2-PAG concentrations in 270 adults and 181
      children. In adults, levels increased with age in both sexes and were
      significantly higher in women in each age category studied. In contrast, there
      were no significant differences between the sexes in children and no changes with
      age between 1 and 14 years. At puberty, alpha 2-PAG concentrations increased in
      girls and decreased in boys. The increase in girls is consistent with the known
      stimulatory effects of oestrogen on alpha 2-PAG production. We discuss the
      possibility that androgens may have an analogous inhibitory effect in males.

PMID- 3698305
TI  - Urinary neopterin, a marker of clinical activity in patients with Crohn's
      disease.
AB  - Urinary neopterin excretion was measured in 34 patients with Crohn's disease.
      Neopterin excretion showed a significant correlation with disease activity using
      a clinical activity score. An interacting effect of previous medical or surgical
      therapy on neopterin excretion could be ruled out. Disease localization and
      extent did not exert any influence on neopterin excretion. Neopterin values were
      significantly correlated with disease duration, body weight and the presence of a
      palpable abdominal mass. Multiple stepwise regression analyses identified the
      combination of neopterin, hematocrit, weekly stool frequency, palpable abdominal
      mass and related symptoms as predicting clinical activity better than Crohn's
      Disease Activity Index (CDAI). Thus, neopterin determination may be introduced as
      an additional biochemical parameter in the assessment of disease activity.

PMID- 3698307
TI  - Preparation of 125I-labelled arginine vasopressin for radioimmunoassay.
AB  - Despite the common use of gel chromatography for separation of products from
      radioiodination of arginine vasopressin, reported specific activities of the
      material used as radioimmunoassay label cover a very wide range. We present
      evidence that, while the choice of iodination reducing agent is critical in the
      case of arginine vasopressin, the volume of the gel bed is almost certainly the
      major reason for this discordance. On a suitably large column essentially carrier
      free mono and diiodinated arginine vasopressin are readily separated from other
      iodination products, and when the arginine vasopressin antiserum is primarily
      directed toward the three amino acid tail of the molecule, the diiodinated label
      can be successfully employed in a radioimmunoassay. This observation is of
      particular significance in arginine vasopressin radioimmunoassay, where a
      detection limit less than 1 fmol is required to distinguish subnormal from normal
      plasma concentrations.

PMID- 3698308
TI  - Bromcresol purple method for serum albumin gives falsely low values in patients
      with renal insufficiency.
AB  - In patients with renal insufficiency, the BCP method underestimated the serum
      albumin. In non-renal patients, the BCP method gave albumin results in good
      agreement with the immunological method. The underestimation did not appear to be
      related to the degree of renal impairment. The interferent appears to act by
      preventing the binding of BCP to albumin. The BCG method is much less susceptible
      to this interference.

PMID- 3698309
TI  - Assay of free and total fatty acids (as 2-nitrophenylhydrazides) by high
      performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3698310
TI  - Occurrence of short chain aliphatic diols in human blood: identification by gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry.
AB  - Patients attending a general hospital for various reasons were screened for
      raised serum gamma glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) and positive blood alcohol
      concentration (BAC). The results served as objective biochemical tests of heavy
      drinking. Among 419 individuals, 50 (11.9%) met these requirements and blood
      samples were used to determine the presence of low molecular mass aliphatic
      diols. 1,2-Propanediol, 2,3-butanediol and 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol were
      determined by gas liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In patients
      with blood ethanol concentration less than 2 mmol/l, 1,2-propanediol and 2,2
      dimethyl-1, 3-propanediol mainly occurred together at median concentrations of
      about 200 mumol/l. When blood ethanol was 2-42 mmol/1,2,3-butanediol was also
      present covering a wide concentration range: three patients had concentrations
      between 6 and 10 mmol/l. There was no apparent correlation between the
      concentration of 2,3-butanediol and the concentration of blood ethanol. The diols
      were below the limits of detection in blood from nonintoxicated control
      individuals and hospital in-patients.

PMID- 3698311
TI  - Plasma antioxidants and lipid peroxidation products in Duchenne muscular
      dystrophy.
AB  - Lipid peroxidation (LPX) products in plasma were elevated in Duchenne muscular
      dystrophy (DMD) patients (n = 9) compared with an age- and sex-matched group of
      controls (n = 10). Trichloroacetic acid-precipitable thiobarbituric acid-reactive
      substances (TBARS) were increased by 35% (p less than 0.01), conjugated dienes by
      77% (p less than 0.02) and fluorescent pigments (FP) by 70% (p less than 0.001).
      Plasma alpha-tocopherol was significantly decreased, by 50%, in DMD compared with
      healthy subjects (p less than 0.002). In conjunction with the finding of others
      of a deficiency in DMD of the plasma lipoproteins which normally transport
      vitamin E to the tissues, this may contribute to the increased LPX seen in the
      disease especially if muscle damage also liberates free Fe2+. The major
      circulating antioxidant protein, caeruloplasmin (CP), was significantly increased
      (p less than 0.001) by 25-30% in DMD patients compared with both adult and young
      male controls. In DMD patients only, this increase is correlated with the
      concentration of TBARS and FP suggesting that increased LPX may be a trigger for
      CP synthesis.

PMID- 3698312
TI  - Analysis of volatile free fatty acids in human urine by capillary column gas
      chromatography/mass spectrometry.

PMID- 3698313
TI  - Rapid detection of argininosuccinic aciduria and citrullinuria by fast atom
      bombardment and tandem mass spectrometry.

PMID- 3698314
TI  - Zinc concentrations in mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

PMID- 3698315
TI  - Comparison of zinc contents in human serum and plasma.

PMID- 3698316
TI  - Deficient beta-ketothiolase activity in leukocytes from a patient with 2
      methylacetoacetic aciduria.

PMID- 3698317
TI  - Blood plasma fluoride in haemodialysed patients.
AB  - Blood plasma fluoride was determined in 15 chronic haemodialysed patients (60.2
      +/- 7.2 yr old) before and after a 4-h dialysis using dialysates with very low
      fluoride level, and in two control groups, the first of 20 healthy younger
      subjects (45.9 +/- 3.4 yr old), the second of 8 healthy older subjects (69.1 +/-
      6.8 y old). Before haemodialysis the fluoride concentration (1.31 +/- 0.31
      mumol/l; 24.8 +/- 5.9 micrograms/l), was higher than in both control groups (0.35
      +/- 0.16 mumol/l; 6.6 +/- 3.1 micrograms/l and 0.44 +/- 0.16 mumol/l 8.4 +/- 3.0
      micrograms/l, respectively). During dialysis, the mean fluoride concentration
      fell to 0.94 +/- 0.26 mumol/l, remaining however, significantly higher than in
      control subjects. The use of fluoride-free dialysates seems to partially
      compensate the effect of renal impairment since plasma fluoride is only
      moderately increased in these patients.

PMID- 3698318
TI  - Determination of silicon, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in urine using
      inductively-coupled plasma emission spectrometry and a matrix-matching technique.

PMID- 3698319
TI  - Determination of oxalate in urine by flow injection analysis.
AB  - A method is described for the determination of oxalate in urine using flow
      injection analysis and fluorimetry. Oxalate is precipitated with calcium chloride
      at pH 4.5, redissolved in H2SO4 and measured by flow injection analysis. The
      minimum detection limit is 6 mumol/l. The coefficient of variation is 7%. Results
      are in good accordance with normal values found with traditional oxalate
      analysis.

PMID- 3698320
TI  - The analysis of thiodiglycollic acid by selected ion monitoring.
AB  - A selected ion monitoring assay for thiodiglycollic acid in urine is described.
      Urine samples are analysed by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as
      their dibutyl esters using pimelic acid as an internal standard. Rapid analysis
      was achieved by the simplification of sample preparation. The assay has proved to
      be reliable, with a detection limit of less than 0.5 mumol/l. The excretion of
      large amounts of thiodiglycollic acid in premature babies urine has been
      confirmed, with the greatest excretion occurring from those neonates born with a
      gestational age of 30 wk or less.

PMID- 3698321
TI  - HPLC assay of phenylalanine and tyrosine in blood spots on filter paper.
AB  - Blood spots on filter paper are used to screen for phenylketonuria. We have
      developed a high pressure liquid chromatographic assay of phenylalanine and
      tyrosine after elution of these amino acids from filter paper. The analysis time
      is 20 min. The amino acids are separated using an ion-exchange resin with post
      column ortho-phthalaldehyde derivatization and subsequent fluorescence detection.
      Other common amino acids do not interfere. The assay is linear from 20 pmol to at
      least 2,000 pmol with a coefficient of variation of 3%. The assay is as accurate
      as the determination of phenylalanine by ion-exchange ninhydrin-reactive methods
      currently in use, but is 100 times more sensitive. The method has the advantages
      of avoiding venipuncture, is cost effective, has a high sensitivity, and a rapid
      turnaround.

PMID- 3698322
TI  - A simple enzymatic fluorimetric method for the determination of triglycerides in
      10 microliters of serum.
AB  - An assay for the determination of triglyceride (acyl glycerol) in microliter
      volumes of serum or plasma is described. The method is based on enzymatic
      hydrolysis of triglyceride by lipase from Rhizopus arrhizus followed by enzymatic
      fluorimetric assay of the glycerol so released. Under the conditions of the assay
      the enzymatic hydrolysis is complete for concentrations up to 5 mmol/l in less
      than 15 min at room temperature. The determination of free glycerol and glycerol
      released is based on the formation of dihydroxyacetone in the presence of NAD and
      glycerol dehydrogenase. The NADH which is formed in stoichiometric quantities is
      estimated fluorimetrically. In the presence of the ketone-trapping agent
      hydrazine the reaction goes to completion above pH 9.0. By this method acyl
      glycerol can be measured routinely in a 10 microliters sample of serum or plasma.
      The test is extremely sensitive compared to previously described methods and
      exhibits acceptable precision and reproducibility.

PMID- 3698323
TI  - Grommet insertion: some basic questions answered.
AB  - A very large number of grommets are inserted to improve middle ear ventilation in
      children. A retrospective survey of 1011 admissions for myringotomy and/or
      grommet insertion has been used to answer some basic questions about such
      admissions and the fate of grommets inserted. No attempt has been made to assess
      the benefits of this mode of treatment. The average number of admissions per
      child was 1.6, with 64% being admitted only once. A child aged 3-4 years when
      first listed had the greatest chance of repeated admissions. Nearly 50% of the
      grommets had been extruded within 6 months and 80% within 1 year. Children put on
      the waiting list because of middle ear effusions present in summer months had a
      greater chance of spontaneous resolution in the subsequent few months than those
      listed in winter months. Significant complications occurred in 2.2% of grommet
      insertions.

PMID- 3698324
TI  - Mucociliary function in the nasal cavity of children and adolescents with
      cholesteatoma.
AB  - To assess the mucociliary function in the nasal cavity of children with middle
      ear cholesteatoma, 31 children were tested using the saccharin method. As
      controls, 23 children with chronic otitis media and 29 children with no middle
      ear pathology were tested. It was found that children with cholesteatoma more
      often had mucostasis.

PMID- 3698325
TI  - Unusual polypoidal tumours of the nasal cavity: a clinicopathological review of
      18 cases.
AB  - A variety of nasal conditions may present as simple polypi. Clinically, these
      lesions, some very rare, present a diagnostic problem. Eighteen cases of unusual
      lesions which were thought to be simple polyps on clinical grounds are reviewed
      with the relevant literature. The series includes 2 olfactory neuroblastomas, a
      haemangiopericytoma and a basal encephalocoele. Atypical features from the
      history and examination are highlighted. It is emphasized that every nasal polyp
      must be submitted for histological examination and the pathology report consulted
      when the patient is reviewed. Failure to do so delays appropriate treatment.

PMID- 3698326
TI  - A survey of the non-attendance rate at the ENT clinic of a district general
      hospital.
AB  - A survey of the number of patients who failed to keep outpatient appointments at
      the ENT clinic of a rurally situated district general hospital (Bangour General
      Hospital, West Lothian) was carried out. The results were compared with non
      attendance rates of the general medical clinic of the same hospital and of the
      ENT clinic of a nearby urban hospital (the Royal Infirmary in Edinburgh). A
      particularly high non-attendance rate was demonstrated for the ENT clinic of the
      district general hospital. The reasons for this are discussed in the light of
      currently available literature on the 'no show' patient and possible means of
      improving the situation are suggested.

PMID- 3698327
TI  - Benign lymphoepithelial lesion: a less than benign disease.
AB  - The precise clinical correlate of the benign lymphoepithelial lesion is unclear.
      Thirty-six cases of benign lymphoepithelial lesions (BLL), reported to the
      British Salivary Gland Tumour Panel between 1971 and 1984, have been reviewed.
      Eighty per cent arose in the parotid gland and 20% were bilateral; 83% were in
      females and the mean age at presentation was 55.26 years. Only 50% presented
      with, or developed, symptoms of sicca complex, Sjogren's syndrome or related
      autoimmune disease. Two cases of BLL had, or went on to develop, extra salivary
      lymphomas and 5 cases of BLL had lymphomatous change in the initial biopsy. A
      further case had carcinoma within the benign lymphoepithelial lesion. None of
      those who developed lymphoma had sicca or Sjogren's syndrome but 3 of them had
      rheumatoid arthritis. The incidence of lymphomas (salivary or extra-salivary) in
      this series is very much higher than that reported in Sjogren's patients and
      amounted to 20% overall.

PMID- 3698328
TI  - The morphogenesis of the tympanic part of the temporal bone.
AB  - The aim of this report is to describe the relative movement of the tympanic
      membrane and its supporting structures during embryonic and postnatal life,
      leading to its final position in a vertical plane. Previous studies were based on
      ultra thin sections which led to changes in orientation during development being
      missed. The importance of the present description is to provide a baseline with
      which abnormal ear development in certain congenital syndromes may be compared.

PMID- 3698329
TI  - Genetic control over fragile X chromosome expression.
AB  - The cytogenetic expression of fragile sites is highly variable. Sites are seen in
      differing proportions of cells. To determine if part of this variability is
      genetic, the proportions of lymphocytes manifesting the fragile X were examined
      in a large cohort of males with the fragile X chromosome. The number of fragile X
      cells was solely determined by genetic factors: the heritability as determined
      from the correlation between brothers as well as between cousins was 99.6% and
      94.4%, respectively, as compared with 0% in unrelated males with the fragile X.
      This is consistent with pure genetic determination without any environmental
      influence over the expression of the fragile X chromosome in males.

PMID- 3698330
TI  - Usefulness of a registry of congenital malformations for genetic counseling and
      prenatal diagnosis.
AB  - During three years, 39,924 infants born consecutively in the area covered by our
      registry of congenital malformations were surveyed; 775 had major congenital
      malformations. Recurrence risks for the major malformation was estimated and
      classified as high (greater than 10%, 5.3% of the cases), low (1 to 10%, 85.3% of
      the cases) or occasional (less than 1%, 9.4% of the malformed). Feasibility of
      prenatal diagnosis was considered. On the basis of the recurrence risk of 1% or
      higher and the feasibility of prenatal diagnosis, such a procedure should be
      considered in future pregnancies in 64.1% of the mothers. Genetic counseling has
      to be given to couples at risk of having a malformed child. For this purpose, as
      is shown in our study, the best way is the possibility of using a registry of
      congenital malformations.

PMID- 3698331
TI  - The Cowden syndrome: a clinical and genetic study in 21 patients.
AB  - An analysis of the findings in 21 patients with the Cowden syndrome or the
      multiple hamartoma syndrome is presented. The Cowden syndrome is a cancer
      associated genodermatosis with characteristic mucocutaneous findings and a wide
      array of associated abnormalities including a high incidence of breast cancer in
      female patients. Genetic studies confirmed autosomal dominant inheritance with a
      high penetrance in both sexes and moderate interfamilial and intrafamilial
      differences in the expressivity of a number of symptoms. Familial occurrence was
      present in 4 of the 7 families. There was a strong predominance of female
      patients (6:1), which may be fortuitous. Mucocutaneous changes were the most
      constant (100% incidence) and characteristic findings; they almost invariably
      became manifest in the second decade. Four of our 18 female patients (22%) were
      treated for breast cancer, a lower incidence than reported previously. No
      increased incidence of other types of malignancies was found. Craniomegaly (high
      head circumference) was found to be the most common extracutaneous manifestation
      (80% incidence); craniomegaly appears to be an important early marker. We also
      found high incidences of gastrointestinal polyps (approximately 60%) and
      cutaneous fibromas (76%), while the incidence of thyroid abnormalities, thus far
      regarded as the most common extracutaneous finding, was similar to that reported
      previously (62%). G-banded karyotype and preliminary DNA-repair studies revealed
      no clear abnormalities. No linkage with the loci of HLA, and immunoglobulin
      haplotypes was found.

PMID- 3698332
TI  - Proximal duplications of chromosome 15: clinical dilemmas.
AB  - The apparently rare cytogenetic abnormality of partial trisomy 15 was diagnosed
      by the authors in a patient presenting with developmental retardation,
      macrocephaly with ventricular enlargement and prominent subarachnoid spaces,
      hypotonia, low-set ears, hyperextensible wrists and hands, high arched palate,
      tapering fingers, right esotropia, and bilateral metatarsus adductus. Clinical
      findings in this case are similar to previously reported cases of proximal
      duplications of chromosome 15 and bear some similarity to the Prader-Willi
      syndrome. However, our patient did not have the severe hypotonia, early failure
      to thrive, or genital abnormalities seen in classical Prader-Willi syndrome. This
      case supports the theory that a variety of cytogenetic aberrations in proximal
      15q can cause a "Prader-Willi-like" syndrome. Increased clinical suspicion is
      needed when patients are seen with hypotonia, retarded development and mild
      dysmorphism if the variety of phenotypes are to be delineated.

PMID- 3698333
TI  - Homozygosity for a Y/22 chromosome translocation: t(Y;22) (q12;p12/13).
AB  - A newborn girl, homozygous for a balanced Y/22 chromosome translocation is
      described. This unique karyotype was detected during prenatal chromosome studies
      in the first pregnancy of a 26-year-old woman. Amniocentesis was performed
      because of clinical evaluation of severe fetal growth retardation in the 28th
      week of gestation. The cytogenetic results were confirmed using a lymphocyte
      culture after birth in the 30th week. Subsequent chromosome studies of the
      parents were hampered by the fact that the pregnancy was thought to be the result
      of artificial insemination with donorsperm. Nevertheless both, consanguineous,
      parents were shown to be carriers of the same, singular, chromosome translocation
      and the spermdonor could be excluded from paternity by bloodgroup- and HLA
      studies. Distamycin-A-DAPI chromosome staining and DNA studies of the mother were
      used to confirm the involvement of the Y-chromosome in this translocation. The
      probanda is developing quite normally at the age of 21 months.

PMID- 3698334
TI  - Copper-measurement in a muscle-biopsy. A possible method for postmortem diagnosis
      of Menkes disease.
AB  - A 5-month-old boy showed severe delay in mental and motor development. His hair
      was normal. He died at 18 months from bronchopneumonia. Autopsy of the brain
      revealed meningo-cerebral angiodysplasia with tortuous vessels at the surface of
      the brain. This raised a suspicion of Menkes disease. A muscle-biopsy, the only
      remaining tissue from the patient, showed an increased copper-content, thus
      corroborating the suspicion of Menkes disease. Copper-uptake studies on 2
      independent repeatedly tested fibroblast-cultures from the mother gave normal
      values in 4 and elevated levels in three tests. Such a pattern is often seen in
      carriers of Menkes disease. Furthermore one of the test values was above the
      critical limit. Just one value above this limit for females from families with
      Menkes disease will unequivocally classify a woman as a carrier irregardless of
      her genetic risk. This is to our knowledge the first time copper-measurements in
      tissues have been used to establish a post-mortem diagnosis of Menkes disease.

PMID- 3698335
TI  - Osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome and the ocular form of osteogenesis
      imperfecta.

PMID- 3698336
TI  - Osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome.

PMID- 3698337
TI  - On the nosology of the Cornelia de Lange and Coffin-Siris syndromes.

PMID- 3698338
TI  - Circulating immune complexes associated with decreased complement-mediated
      inhibition of immune precipitation in sera from patients with bacterial
      endocarditis.
AB  - The sera of patients with bacterial endocarditis frequently contain high levels
      of circulating immune complexes. In in vitro assays these sera have been shown to
      be deficient in the complement mediated inhibition of immune precipitation
      (immune complex solubilization) although C3 and C4 levels were often normal. The
      deficiency is due to the presence of a factor which also inhibits the ability of
      normal serum to solubilize immune complexes. This inhibitor is possibly
      rheumatoid factor which is frequently detected in endocarditis. Serial studies on
      16 patients showed the levels of immune complexes, the ability to prevent immune
      precipitation and rheumatoid factor to correlate with disease activity. The
      similarity of the findings to those in rheumatoid arthritis are discussed.

PMID- 3698339
TI  - The effect of normal and rheumatic pregnancy sera on intracellular cathepsin B
      activity in human monocytes.
AB  - In a prospective study of pregnant patients with rheumatic disease and healthy
      pregnant women, the effect of pregnancy serum on human blood monocytes was
      investigated. Intracellular activity of the collagen degrading enzyme cathepsin B
      was found to be significantly depressed in monocyte cultures exposed to pregnancy
      and cord sera, independent of the presence or absence of an inflammatory state in
      the pregnant woman. Enzyme inhibition developed in a dose-dependent fashion over
      3 days in culture. In contrast to cord and pregnancy sera, non-pregnant serum and
      serum from oral contraceptive users displayed enzyme stimulating activity. The
      response of monocytes to the stimulating agent carrageenan was unaffected by
      inhibitory sera. The nature of possible inhibitory factors in pregnancy and cord
      serum is discussed.

PMID- 3698340
TI  - Antibody binding to platelet antigens in acute and chronic idiopathic
      thrombocytopenic purpura: a platelet membrane ELISA for the detection of
      antiplatelet antibodies in serum.
AB  - A solid-phase platelet membrane enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was
      developed for the detection of circulating platelet binding IgG in serum. 18 out
      of 28 (64%) sera from patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
      (ITP) and 10 out of 21 (48%) sera from patients with acute ITP contained more
      platelet binding IgG than the mean +2 s.d. of 25 normal control sera. IgG-F(ab')2
      fragments from two anti-PlA1 sera, from six out of seven positive chronic ITP
      sera and from four out of eight positive acute ITP sera bound to normal platelet
      membrane. When IgG-F(ab')2 preparations, which reacted with normal membrane, were
      tested against glycoprotein IIb-IIIa-deficient platelet membrane obtained from a
      patient with Glanzmann's thrombasthaenia, the reactions of F(ab')2 fragments from
      two anti-PlA1 sera, from three out of four acute ITP sera and from four out of
      six chronic ITP sera were reduced to control levels. It is concluded that IgG
      F(ab')2 antibody binding to platelet specific antigens, some of which are
      associated with the glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex, can be demonstrated not only
      in anti-PlA1 sera or sera from chronic ITP patients but also in sera from some
      patients with acute ITP. Moreover, when the IgG binding to platelet membrane of
      whole sera is tested, positive results may sometimes be ascribed to the presence
      of immune complexes.

PMID- 3698341
TI  - Binding of immunoglobulin classes and subclasses to human neutrophils and
      eosinophils.
AB  - A comparative study of membrane expression of immunoglobin (Fc) receptors on
      human eosinophils and neutrophils has been undertaken using human IgG-1, IgG-2,
      IgG-3, IgG-4, IgA-1, IgA-2, IgM, IgD and IgE myeloma proteins. Sheep erythrocytes
      (E) coated with either human IgG-1, IgG-2, IgG-3 or IgG-4 myeloma proteins formed
      rosettes with human neutrophils and eosinophils. Proportionally more (1 1/2-2
      times) rosettes were observed with neutrophils compared to eosinophils. In
      contrast, E-IgE bound to eosinophils (but not to neutrophils) to a degree that
      was comparable to E-IgG-1. Although IgG and IgE rosettes were inhibited by
      aggregates prepared from their corresponding myeloma protein there was no
      evidence that eosinophils and neutrophils have distinct receptors for IgG
      subclasses. Cells from four patients with hypereosinophilia were separated on
      density (metrizamide) gradients. The percentages of E-IgG-1 and E-IgE rosettes
      with normal- and light-density eosinophils were similar. Neutrophils, but not
      eosinophils, also bound significantly more E-IgA-1 and E-IgA-2 than the E-human
      albumin (E-Alb) control. In contrast, neutrophil and eosinophil rosette formation
      with E-IgM and E-IgD was not significantly different from E-Alb or E alone. These
      experiments indicate that human neutrophils and eosinophils bind homologous IgG
      subclass myeloma proteins, eosinophils, but not neutrophils, bind E-IgE with a
      similar avidity to that observed with E-IgG1, neutrophils, but not eosinophils,
      readily express demonstrable receptors for IgA-1 and IgA-2 and neither
      neutrophils nor eosinophils form E-IgM or E-IgD rosettes in greater numbers than
      the E-Alb controls.

PMID- 3698342
TI  - Electrical charge of hyaline articular cartilage: its role in the retention of
      anionic and cationic proteins.
AB  - The mouse patella with surrounding tissue has been used to study the influence of
      electrical charge of a high-molecular-weight protein on its retention at joint
      structures. Three proteins were used: native anionic bovine serum albumin (BSA),
      and charge modified BSA rendered cationic (pI 8.5) either by methylation (mBSA)
      or amidation (aBSA). Following a 2-hr incubation the two cationic (125I-labeled)
      proteins were strongly retained, both in the intact patellar cartilage and the
      surrounding tissue. Autoradiography revealed deep penetration of the proteins to
      the calcified zone of the articular cartilage, and a high labeling density of the
      cartilage, which is probably related to its high negative fixed charge density.
      Evidence for the electrostatic character of the binding emerged from studies at
      high pH (9.5) and ionic strength (0.5 M). The binding of aBSA, but not mBSA,
      could be prevented by pretreatment with the polycation protamine (pI 10).
      Posttreatment to remove retained aBSA was less effective. As expected, native BSA
      was not retained, unless the tissue was preincubated with antibodies. The
      antibody-mediated retention was more pronounced for the tissue compared with the
      dense patellar cartilage. Diffusion experiments revealed that enough BSA and IgG
      penetrate the surrounding tissue to permit substantial in situ immune complex
      (IC) formation, but the penetration of intact patellar cartilage was very low.
      Forty times more aBSA compared with BSA was taken up by intact cartilage; after
      trypsin treatment, which lowers the negative fixed charge density of the
      cartilage, the difference was reduced to a factor 4. Our data indicate that the
      fixed charge density of a tissue determines the uptake and retention of charged
      proteins, and may be a dominant principle in the occurrence of in situ IC
      formation within a tissue by allowing or preventing penetration of charged IC
      components.

PMID- 3698343
TI  - Cells involved in the immune response. XXXII. Surgical extirpation of the spleen
      in the early memory period following primary i.v. immunization of the outbred
      rabbit results in a marked impairment of a subsequent immune response to the
      specific antigen: an immunological explanation for the overwhelming
      postsplenectomy syndrome.
AB  - Rabbits immunized intravenously(iv) with sheep erythrocytes(SRBC) (primary
      response) pass through a period which begins at about Day 35 postprimary
      immunization and extends to about Day 120 during which time all detectable
      spontaneous AFC (immediate PFC) and memory AFC(cells which generate PFC in
      culture) are detected only in the spleen. Prior to Day 30 postprimary iv
      immunization, large numbers of immediate PFC are detected in the circulation and
      the bone marrow as well as in the spleen. By Day 120 postprimary iv immunization,
      memory cells can be detected in significant numbers in the thymus and the
      popliteal lymph nodes (PLN) as well as in the spleen. The number of memory cells
      in the PLN and thymus increases over the course of the following 6 months.
      Rabbits splenectomized on Day 40 postprimary iv immunization and subjected to
      reimmunization iv with 10(9) SRBC 1, 5, or 8 months later were unable to give
      significant secondary immune responses. Only the thymus and PLN cells, cultured
      in vitro with the antigen(SRBC), 1, 5, or 8 months postprimary immunization,
      generated secondary immune(PFC) responses and these responses were feeble at
      best. The failure of the immunized rabbit to give a significant secondary immune
      response to SRBC if splenectomy was first carried out at a time postprimary iv
      immunization when all memory cells to the original antigen are sequestered only
      in the spleen (i.e., days 40 to 100) constitutes an animal model which provides a
      credible immunological explanation for the postsplenectomy syndrome which affects
      a minority of splenectomized individuals. These individuals, like the rabbits
      splenectomized on Day 40 postprimary immunization, lack the capacity to evoke a
      strong secondary immune response to particular infectious microorganisms and
      succumb in a few days with fulminant septicemia unless aggressive chemotherapy is
      instituted upon initial sign of infection.

PMID- 3698344
TI  - Natural killer cell function and interferon generation in patients with primary
      immunodeficiencies.
AB  - Patients with primary immunodeficiency disorders were evaluated for three aspects
      of natural defense: natural killer (NK) cells which lyse HSV-infected fibroblasts
      [NK(HSV-FS)], NK cells which lyse K562 tumor targets [NK(K562)], and interferon
      alpha generation. In addition, capacity to make interferon upon challenge with
      other commonly used inducers was also evaluated. Most patients with severe
      combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) and deficits of both T- and B-cell
      function demonstrated normal NK function with one or both targets. Six of eight
      SCID patients generated interferon-alpha at or below the lower limit of normal
      while only two made clearly normal levels. Six of 10 patients with Wiskott
      Aldrich syndrome (WAS) had normal NK(K562) and five of 10 generated normal levels
      of interferon-alpha but all had severely deficient NK(HSV-FS). Patients with
      Bruton's agammaglobulinemia demonstrated normal NK and interferon generation, as
      did patients with common variable immunodeficiency, even when subdivided into
      patients with T-cell proliferative deficiencies and those with only
      hypogammaglobulinemia. Natural defense parameters may help categorize patients
      with SCID and WAS and help define these heterogeneous diseases.

PMID- 3698345
TI  - The effect of corticosteroids or nitrogen mustard on aqueous humor chemotactic
      activity induced by intravitreal endotoxin.
AB  - In rabbits intravitreal injection of endotoxin induces potent chemotactic
      activity for monocytes in aqueous humor. We have assessed the effect of
      methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg intramuscularly) or nitrogen mustard (1.75 mg/kg
      intravenously) on the generation of this chemotactic activity. Histologic
      changes, anterior chamber protein extravasation, and aqueous humor cellular
      infiltration were reduced by corticosteroids to a variable degree. However, even
      in animals with a marked reduction in protein extravasation or histologic change,
      chemotactic activity was substantially preserved. Similarly, nitrogen mustard
      induced a leukopenia without affecting the ability of endotoxin to generate
      chemotactic activity in aqueous humor. In contrast, corticosteroids reduced both
      protein extravasation and the generation of chemotactic activity induced by
      intravenously injected endotoxin. The results suggest that the chemotactic
      activity induced in the eye by intravitreal endotoxin may be locally synthesized
      and may be present without a substantial leukocytic infiltrate.

PMID- 3698346
TI  - IgA-associated glomerulonephritides: a study with monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Thirty-six renal biopsies from patients with various glomerulonephritides which
      exhibited prominent IgA deposits were studied by indirect immunofluorescence
      technique utilizing monoclonal antibodies specific for alpha chain (IgA), IgA1
      and IgA2 subclasses, secretory IgA, and secretory component. The ability of the
      IgA deposits to bind free secretory component in vitro was examined in five
      biopsies of IgA nephropathy of Berger and in five biopsies of lupus nephritis.
      All the biopsies revealed IgA1 deposits. Associated IgA2 was found in lupus
      nephritides and hepatic glomerulopathy. Secretory IgA and free secretory
      component were not detected in any biopsy. In situ free secretory component
      binding was demonstrated in IgA nephropathy of Berger but not in lupus
      nephritides. These results indicate that polymeric IgA1 molecules are the chief
      nephritogenic antibodies in IgA nephropathy of Berger, that there is a high
      frequency of association of IgA1 and IgA2 in lupus nephritides and, perhaps,
      hepatic glomerulopathy, and that secretory IgA does not appear to play a role in
      IgA-associated glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 3698347
TI  - Acute interstitial nephritis after a Russell's viper snake bite.

PMID- 3698348
TI  - Long-term prognosis of membranous nephropathy.
AB  - One hundred and four consecutive patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy
      have been followed for 24 years. The actuarial survival rates in 5, 10 and 15
      years were 94.6, 90.0 and 80.3%, respectively. Within the first 5 years clinical
      status improved gradually, but thereafter entered into an equilibrated state,
      when approximately 70% of the patients were in remission of absent (40%) or less
      than 1.0 g/24 hour urinary protein. As for renal function, within the initial 5
      years around 80% of the patients revealed a glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
      greater than 80 ml/min. This percentage reduced approximately to 70 and 50% over
      periods of 10 and 15 years, whereas a mean reduction rate of GFR was only 15
      ml/min over a period of 8 years. The clinical status at the 5th year correlated
      well with its outcome (rs = 0.676, p less than 0.001) and GFR estimated around
      the 5th year with the final estimate (r = 0.796, p less than 0.001). These data
      suggest that membranous nephropathy follows a fairly good clinical course, and
      that the 5th year clinical status and renal function are valuable prognostic
      indices of the disease.

PMID- 3698349
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of warfarin in the nephrotic syndrome and effect on vitamin K
      dependent clotting factors.
AB  - The behavior of warfarin, a drug tightly bound to albumin, was studied in
      patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS) to assess the influence of hypoalbuminemia
      on its pharmacokinetics and its effect on vitamin K-dependent coagulation
      factors. A single dose of warfarin (8 mg) was given orally to 11 nephrotic
      patients with normal or nearly normal renal function and to 11 controls. In every
      subject the following measurements were performed: albuminemia before (t0)
      warfarin administration; plasma warfarin and vitamin K-dependent coagulation
      factors (FII, FVII, FIX, FX) levels, before and at time intervals from 0 to 48 h
      after drug administration; warfarin urinary excretion from 0 to 24 h. Urinary
      warfarin excretion was null in 19 out of the 22 subjects and very low in two
      nephrotic patients and in one control. Low serum albumin in NS patients induced a
      twofold increase of unbound warfarin vs controls (3.5% vs 1.8%, p less than
      0.001) which led to a threefold increase in plasma clearance of warfarin (9.70 vs
      3.26 ml X min-1, p less than 0.001); as warfarin distribution volume showed only
      a slight (non significant) increase in NS patients, the elimination half-life was
      thus markedly shortened in NS patients vs controls (18 vs 36 h, p less than
      0.01). Maximum warfarin effect on vitamin K-dependent factor levels occurred at
      18 h in controls and 24 h in nephrotics, and these lowest values were similar, in
      spite of a higher level at 0 in NS patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3698350
TI  - A method for separation of middle molecules by high performance liquid
      chromatography: application in studies of glucuronyl-o-hydroxyhippurate in normal
      and uremic subjects.
AB  - An efficient separation of middle molecules (Mr 350-2000) was obtained by gel
      permeation HPLC and ion exchange HPLC. These methods were used to analyze
      glucuronyl-o-hydroxyhippurate (GOHH), a metabolite previously identified in
      plasma and urine from uremic patients. The concentrations of GOHH in normal and
      uremic urine and in uremic plasma increased markedly after the ingestion of
      salicylate. Oral ingestion of phenylalanine and tyrosine did not influence GOHH
      in plasma and urine. The results indicate that GOHH is an endogenous metabolite
      in normal and uremic subjects, as well as a novel metabolite of salicylate.

PMID- 3698351
TI  - Plasma concentration and peritoneal clearance of oxalate in patients on
      continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).
AB  - Accumulation of oxalate, resulting in high plasma levels, is a common finding in
      end-stage renal disease. We investigated plasma concentration and peritoneal
      clearance of oxalate in 14 patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
      The plasma oxalate levels in these patients (30.2 +/- 11.2 mumol/l) were as high
      as those in hemodialysis patients before dialysis (31.9 +/- 11.1 mumol/l). There
      was a significant correlation between plasma oxalate and urea nitrogen appearance
      (UNA). Dietary protein seems to be an important oxalate source in these patients,
      because the UNA reflects protein intake in stable patients. The mean peritoneal
      oxalate clearance was 6.64 +/- 1.56 l/day, close to the creatinine clearance.
      These results suggest that the plasma oxalate levels in CAPD patients may be
      sufficiently high to induce calcium oxalate deposition, and that methods of
      increasing oxalate removal and reducing oxalate burden are necessary for CAPD
      patients.

PMID- 3698352
TI  - A family with retinitis pigmentosa and ESRD with late presentation, hypertension
      and absence of polyuria or salt wasting.
AB  - A family is described in which autosomal recessive inheritance of retinitis
      pigmentosa and chronic renal failure occurred. Several features, including late
      onset of renal failure, lack of salt wasting, the presence of hypertension and
      blindness in the sixth decade, are unusual and suggest that this may be a
      previously undescribed syndrome.

PMID- 3698353
TI  - The renal lithium clearance and its correlations with other biological variables:
      observations in a large group of physically healthy persons.
AB  - The lithium clearance (CLi) is a measure of the delivery of fluid from the
      proximal tubules to the loop of Henle. We determined the correlations between CLi
      and a number of variables on 350 occasions in 164 physically healthy persons in
      lithium treatment for manic-depressive illness. CLi was significantly correlated
      (p less than 0.001) with sex, age, body surface, urine flow, sodium clearance,
      potassium clearance, serum lithium concentration, and lithium dosage.
      Correlations with sex, age and body surface lost statistical significance when
      the renal variables and the surface were divided by creatinine clearance; these
      correlations are indirect and caused by common correlations with the filtration
      rate. The findings show that the fractional delivery of fluid from the proximal
      tubules is independent of sex, age and body surface. Correlations with urine
      flow, serum lithium, and lithium dosage could be explained by circumstances
      connected with the lithium treatment. These variables do not seem to affect CLi.
      It is concluded that factors which should be taken into account if the assessment
      of lithium clearance values include the creatinine clearance, the sodium
      clearance, and the potassium clearance.

PMID- 3698354
TI  - Inhibition of microtubule formation by uremic toxins: action mechanism and
      hypothesis about the active component.
AB  - We show in vitro inhibitory effect of a mixture of uremic toxins on tubulin 6S
      polymerization. It proves the existence of a direct interaction protein-toxin
      where micro-tubule associated proteins are not involved. A similar phenomenom
      could occur in uremic neuropathy. The action mechanism of this interaction is
      quite different from that of classical tubulin inhibitors: Vinca alcaloides and
      colchicine. Finally we hypothesize about the active molecule.

PMID- 3698355
TI  - Acute renal failure associated with non-fulminant type-A viral hepatitis.

PMID- 3698357
TI  - Outcome measures and anti-rheumatoid drugs: a critical appraisal.

PMID- 3698356
TI  - Cardiac parasympathetic pathway in chronic uremia patients.

PMID- 3698358
TI  - Non-phagocytic beta-glucuronidase release in Behcet's disease.
AB  - Non-phagocytic beta-glucuronidase release from neutrophils obtained from patients
      with Behcet's disease was assessed using chemotactic peptide as an enzyme
      inducer. Neutrophils from the patients with active Behcet's disease released much
      more beta-glucuronidase than neutrophils from the patients with inactive Behcet's
      disease or from normal healthy people. Beta-glucuronidase release was parallel to
      the activity of the disease and can be used as an indicator for the activity of
      Behcet's disease.

PMID- 3698359
TI  - Smoking and peptic ulcer in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - The prevalence of chronic peptic ulcer among 152 out-patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis attending a district general hospital was found to be 16.4% (25
      patients), as against 6.6% (10 patients) among an equal number of matched control
      out-patients with other diagnoses. There was no evidence that any form of anti
      inflammatory treatment increased ulcer risk, but smoking was significantly
      associated with a higher prevalence of ulcer. This relationship was shown to be
      quantitative and to depend upon an increased frequency of duodenal ulcer in women
      who smoked. It is possible that greater numbers would have shown the effect of
      smoking to apply to both sexes, and that for all patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis abstention from smoking could diminish the high risk of peptic
      ulceration associated with this disease.

PMID- 3698360
TI  - Hypergastrinemia in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Fasting hypergastrinemia was noted in 13-41% of 82 of outpatients with definite
      or classical rheumatoid arthritis. No differences were noted between the
      normogastrinemic and the hypergastrinemic subjects in their age, sex, duration of
      rheumatoid disease, serological status, or medications. The food-stimulated
      gastrin response was 117 mg/L, or 216% above the basal levels, and the integrated
      gastrin response was increased to the level previously reported in patients with
      duodenal or gastric ulcer disease. These results suggest that hypergastrinemia is
      a feature of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, the gastrin response to food may
      be abnormal in some rheumatoid patients.

PMID- 3698361
TI  - Paget's bone disease, anaemia and vitiligo: a case report.
AB  - The coexistence of Paget's bone disease, pernicious anaemia and vitiligo is very
      rare. The pathogenesis of Paget's bone disease remains still unknown. We report
      here a patient having these three entities simultaneously and we suggest that
      some cases of Paget's bone disease be due to autoimmunity.

PMID- 3698362
TI  - Rheumatic fever: a model for the pathological consequences of microbial-host
      mimicry.

PMID- 3698363
TI  - The interplay of microbe and MHC in the pathogenesis of Reiter's syndrome.

PMID- 3698364
TI  - Isolation and characterization of metastatic sublines from a murine transitional
      cell bladder carcinoma.
AB  - Four sublines of a murine N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]-foramide (FANFT)
      induced transitional cell carcinoma (MBT-2) possessing spontaneous metastatic
      ability were isolated via in vivo/in vitro serial selection of metastatic lung
      lesions. Subcutaneous inoculation of the parent cell line (MBT-2) produced
      primary tumors when injected into C3H mice. These primary tumors rarely
      metastasize. A subline designated L3F1 was established from 1 MBT-2 pulmonary
      metastatic tumor. Further in vivo/in vitro selections established three
      additional sublines designated L3F2, L3F3 and L3F4. Serial selection resulted in
      MBT-2 sublines of greater metastatic potential in terms of both incidence of
      metastasis and the number of metastatic tumors per lung. The parent line differed
      from the four sublines in metastatic potential, in vitro cell morphology, and in
      vitro growth parameters. The L3F2 subline was examined for the time of onset of
      metastasis by removal of the primary tumor. Metastasis of the subcutaneously
      transplanted tumor occurred between 14 and 21 days after injection of the L3F2
      subline. The L3F2 primary tumors and lung metastases were morphologically
      characterized by light and electron microscopy.

PMID- 3698365
TI  - Dexamethasone modulation of in vitro growth pattern and of lung colonization
      ability in clones of a metastatic BALB/c mammary carcinoma cell line.
AB  - The expression of steroid receptors and the in vitro responsiveness to steroids
      were used to investigate the cell heterogeneity of a BALB/c mammary carcinoma
      cell line (TS/A) by means of its high- and low-metastatic clones previously
      selected in vitro. All the clones studied contained appreciable levels of
      receptors for oestrogens and for glucocorticoids. The in vitro responses of
      clones to 17 beta-oestradiol were very poor and comparable; conversely, a
      heterogeneous pattern of responsiveness to glucocorticoids was observed. In the
      presence of dexamethasone, the in vitro growth of high-metastatic clones was
      either unaffected or stimulated and dome formation was significantly increased.
      Dexamethasone treatment of low-metastatic clones caused inhibition of in vitro
      proliferation and a morphological shift from a fibroblast-like growth pattern
      towards the epithelial phenotype. One out of the three low-metastatic clones
      tested acquired the ability to form domes in the presence of dexamethasone,
      albeit sporadically. The in vitro treatment with dexamethasone significantly
      increased the lung colonization ability of the two low-metastatic clones studied,
      whereas no significant effect was observed with high-metastatic clones. Data
      presented here suggest that TS/A cell line consists of heterogeneous populations
      with peculiar proliferative and differentiative responses to glucocorticoids.

PMID- 3698366
TI  - Tumor-induced platelet aggregation and growth promoting factors as determinants
      for successful tumor metastasis.
AB  - Two clones isolated from a metastatic variant of mouse colon adenocarcinoma 26;
      the high metastatic NL-17 and the low metastatic NL-44, induced similar platelet
      aggregation in vitro. Heterotypic aggregates of tumor cells and platelets were
      injected i.v. into mice. The lung colonization potential of the NL-17 was
      dependent on the extent of tumor cell platelet aggregation. This clearly
      indicates that the interaction of tumor cells with platelets can lead to enhanced
      tumor metastasis possibly through more efficient intravascular arrest of the
      heterotypic aggregates. The interaction of tumor cells with platelets could thus
      be an important determinant for successful metastasis. NL-44, however, did not
      form pulmonary metastasis even after the tumor cells formed heterotypic
      aggregates with platelets, suggesting that tumor metastasis, is dependent on the
      intrinsic nature of tumor cells. Lung extract enhanced the growth of NL-17 more
      effectively than that of NL-44. These results suggest that, in addition to the
      interaction of metastatic cells and platelets, host factors including growth
      promoting factors might also have an important role in tumor metastasis.

PMID- 3698368
TI  - Twelve years' experience with posterior cruciate-retaining total knee
      arthroplasty.
AB  - The posterior cruciate ligament can be retained with advantage during routine
      total knee arthroplasty. This ligament is virtually always intact and
      functioning, even in rheumatoid patients. It is an important biologic stabilizer
      of the knee, capable of absorbing anterior-posterior shearing forces that
      otherwise must be borne by a constrained prosthesis and hence by the bone-cement
      interface. Its presence allows maintenance of the normal kinematics of the knee.
      Roll-back of the femur on the tibia can occur, enhancing flexion and improving
      the quadriceps moment. Substitution of the posterior cruciate ligament with the
      addition of prosthetic constraint will increase bone-cement reaction forces.
      These prostheses also require significant intercondylar femoral bone stock
      resection. The average range of motion of the early cruciate sacrificing design
      used in Insall's series was 94 degrees, 10 degrees or more less than now
      routinely seen with cruciate preservation. The bone-cement interface of the early
      total condylar knee with limited range of motion absorbed less force than it
      potentially might encounter with greater range of motion and increased function.
      Predictably, at long-term follow-up examination the newer cruciate-substituting
      prostheses that allow more physiologic range of motion might show higher
      radiolucent line rates and higher loosening rates than their cruciate-preserving
      counterparts. Only this information can settle the argument over whether the
      posterior cruciate ligament should be preserved, and if the objective is a knee
      with maximum flexion and maximum functional capability.

PMID- 3698367
TI  - Restoration by recombinant interferon alpha A/D of host defense systems against
      tumor in immunosuppressed mice.
AB  - Recombinant human interferon alpha A/D (alpha A/D) restored or augmented host
      defense systems against tumors in immunosuppressed mice. In normal C57BL/6 mice,
      inoculation of B16 melanoma F1 cells caused few pulmonary metastasis, whereas in
      mice pretreated with cyclophosphamide (CY) it caused a high incidence of
      pulmonary metastasis, leading to earlier death than in the normal mice inoculated
      with the same dose of the tumor. alpha A/D given after the CY treatment
      counteracted the deleterious effects of the CY treatment. Since such restorative
      activity was seen even against the subline of B16 F1 which had been made
      resistant to its direct antiproliferative effect, alpha A/D seems to exert its
      effect indirectly through host defense systems. However, this activity of alpha
      A/D in the mice pretreated with CY was abrogated by inoculation of anti-asialo
      GM1 serum but not by i-carrageenan. The CY treatment reduced NK activity, while
      alpha A/D given after the CY treatment restored or augmented the NK cell activity
      in lung cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, but not in spleen cells.
      These findings suggest that the restoration or augmentation of NK activity in the
      lung and/or peripheral blood might be the major factor leading to the
      antimetastatic activity of alpha A/D in the mice treated with CY.

PMID- 3698369
TI  - Radiographic and scintigraphic evaluation of total knee arthroplasty.
AB  - Various radiographic and scintigraphic methods are used to supplement clinical
      findings in the evaluation of total knee arthroplasty and its complications.
      Serial roentgenograms offer reliable information for diagnosing mechanical
      loosening. Wide and extensive radiolucency at the cement-bone interface and shift
      in position and alignment of prosthetic components can be seen in almost all
      cases by the time revision is necessary. Radiographic abnormalities are usually
      not present in acute infection, but are often present in chronic infection. Bone
      scanning has a high sensitivity for diagnosis of infection or loosening, but is
      nonspecific because increased uptake is often present around asymptomatic total
      knee arthroplasties with normal radiographs. Differential bone and Gallium
      scanning and scanning with Indium 111-labeled leukocytes have a greater
      specificity for diagnosis of infection than does bone or Gallium scanning alone.
      Routine radiographic and scintigraphic studies have shown a high incidence of
      deep vein thrombosis in the calf after total knee arthroplasty. Clinically
      significant pulmonary embolization is infrequent.

PMID- 3698370
TI  - Knee arthroplasty at the London Hospital. 1975-1984.
AB  - In the past ten years, three related prostheses (Freeman-Swanson, ICLH, Freeman
      Samuelson) have been used at the London Hospital. The new findings reported in
      this article are the result of cementless fixation of the ICLH prosthesis has not
      deteriorated with time; the patellofemoral complications and postoperative
      limitation of movement seen with the ICLH prosthesis has been resolved by the
      Freeman-Samuelson design; and cementless press-fit fixation of all three
      components of the Freeman-Samuelson design resulted in a 1.6% (tibial) revision
      rate in the first four years.

PMID- 3698371
TI  - Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty.
AB  - Unicondylar knee arthroplasty is an alternative to tibial osteotomy for the
      treatment of medial or lateral compartment noninflammatory arthritis. It must be
      considered in the context of the other viable surgical options for treatment of
      this disorder. Appropriate patient selection and careful surgical technique will
      provide good to excellent results in over approximately 90% of individuals while
      preserving bone stock and ligamentous structures for revision if necessary.

PMID- 3698372
TI  - Posterior stabilized knee arthroplasty. Six years' experience.
AB  - The posterior stabilized knee arthroplasty, a descendent of the cruciate
      sacrificing total condylar design, is a cruciate-substituting prosthesis that
      achieves motion previously attainable only by cruciate-retaining knee
      arthroplasties. Its clinical success has not been associated with complications
      directly attributable to the design.

PMID- 3698373
TI  - Experience with the variable axis knee prosthesis.
AB  - In an evaluation of 245 variable axis total knee arthroplasties, no significant
      deterioration of results were found five to nine years after implantation. The
      patellar problems originally reported diminished with the use of a patellar
      button, widening of the flange on the femoral component and the increased use of
      lateral retinacular release. The local complications were: severe patellar
      problems, 6.9%; ligamentous laxity, 2.9%; aseptic loosening, 1.2%; deep
      infections, 2.0%; supracondylar fractures, 1.2%; peroneal nerve palsy, 1.6%.

PMID- 3698374
TI  - Total knee arthroplasty without patellar resurfacing.
AB  - Twenty-seven knees treated between 1974 and 1980 had a total condylar type knee
      arthroplasty without patellar resurfacing; the average follow-up period was 5.2
      years. Compared with a previously reported group of 100 consecutive total
      condylar arthroplasties, the overall results in this series were very similar.
      However, there was a significant difference in stair-climbing ability, and one
      third of the patients could not use the operated knee for this activity. In most
      knees the patella could be resurfaced. A working hypothesis assumes that the
      patellar button can be omitted in patients with relatively normal patellar
      cartilage, or relatively young, active, or obese patients who are considered a
      high risk for patellar bone fractures.

PMID- 3698375
TI  - Short-term preventive antibiotics.
AB  - In a study of the duration of antibiotic prophylaxis in elective surgery, 466
      procedures were surveyed over a four-year period. It is difficult to prove the
      efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis when the rate of infection is so low, and,
      although not statistically significant, there is no difference in the infection
      rate whether the antibiotics are given intraoperatively only or for 48 hours,
      three days, or seven days. Per 100,000 patients, the cost savings of giving
      antibiotics intraoperatively rather than for 48 hours would have been $7,700,000;
      with the reduction from seven days to one-dose antibiotics, the savings would
      have been $29,700,000.

PMID- 3698376
TI  - Thoracic spine compression fractures in Finland.
AB  - The incidence and prevalence of thoracic spine compression fractures were studied
      in an extensive population sample of Finnish men and women. A segment of the
      population (57,440 persons) aged 15 years or older participated in the baseline
      health examinations; 17,557 of the 57,440 were reexamined approximately five
      years later. Compression fractures were identified from 100 X 100 mm thorax
      photofluorograms. In the whole Finnish population aged 15 years or older, the
      incidence rate of compression fractures per 100,000 person-years was estimated to
      be 31.6 in men and 36.8 in women, with a prevalence rate of 0.75% in men and
      0.44% in women. In men, the prevalence and incidence increased gradually with
      age, whereas in women an abrupt rise was found after the age of 65; this reflects
      differences in patterns of age-related osteoporosis between the sexes.

PMID- 3698377
TI  - Results with Zielke instrumentation for idiopathic thoracolumbar and lumbar
      scoliosis.
AB  - Thirty-one patients (23 adolescent, eight adult) underwent spinal fusions with
      Zielke instrumentation for idiopathic thoracolumbar and lumbar scoliosis. Their
      curves averaged 55.2 degrees. In most patients the length of fusion did not
      extend beyond the major curve. Correction of scoliosis was 82% in adolescents and
      59% in the adults. The kyphotic component of the curves was corrected from an
      average of 21 degrees to 8 degrees. Correction of the spinal vertebra rotation
      was 46% in the adolescent patients. The tilt angle of the vertebra at the lower
      end of the curve was reduced significantly. The fusion rate was 93.5%. Two of the
      adult patients developed pseudarthrosis. Major complications were not
      encountered. The Zielke instrumentation system in the management of idiopathic
      thoracolumbar and lumbar scoliosis offers the advantages of a relatively good
      correction and minimal segment fusion.

PMID- 3698378
TI  - Long-term survival of a free fat graft in the spinal canal. A 40-month
      postlaminectomy case report.
AB  - In spinal surgery, free fat grafts can be placed to limit the ingrowth
      postlaminectomy fibrous tissue. A specimen of free fat graft recovered from the
      spinal canal of a patient after 40 months showed histological evidence of
      revascularization. The reparative, dense fibrosis surrounding the laminectomy
      site had not penetrated into the spinal canal.

PMID- 3698379
TI  - The simultaneous application of an interspinous compressive wire and Harrington
      distraction rods in the treatment of fracture-dislocation of the thoracic and
      lumbar spine.
AB  - During open reduction of thoracolumbar fracture-dislocation, the normal
      constraints to distraction and lengthening may be ruptured and allow
      instrumentation to exert deleterious traction of the spinal cord. An interspinous
      wire across the unstable segment together with a Harrington rod may be used to
      prevent potential overdistribution of the spinal cord. Thirty-six patients with
      fracture-dislocation of the thoracolumbar spine were treated by open reduction
      with Harrington rods and interspinous wiring. Of 15 patients with a partial cord
      lesion, four made complete recovery, and nine of the remaining 11 became
      ambulators. Six patients with a complete paraplegia did not improve; 15 patients
      remained neurologically intact following the procedure. The compressive wire and
      Harrington rods act in concert and enable correction of kyphosis and restoration
      of vertebral and discal height while protecting the cord against traction. The
      technique is safe and does not add to operative time.

PMID- 3698380
TI  - Clinical results of the Oxford knee. Surface arthroplasty of the tibiofemoral
      joint with a meniscal bearing prosthesis.
AB  - The Oxford method of knee arthroplasty replaces the femoral condyles with convex
      spherical metal components and relines the tibial plateaus with flat metal
      components. Free meniscal bearings of polyethylene, spherically concave above and
      flat below, lie between the fixed metal components, held in place by their
      geometry and ligamentous tension. Advantages of the design include: congruity of
      the articulating surfaces; unconstrained tibiofemoral movement; preservation of
      all the ligaments with facility to tension them accurately from a range of
      bearing thicknesses; minimal bone excision; applicability to unicondylar use.
      Laboratory studies showed that combined rolling and sliding at meniscofemoral and
      meniscotibial interfaces mimic normal joint kinematics and mechanics. One hundred
      twenty-five bicompartmental implants were followed for two to six years. Pain was
      relieved in 90%; mean flexion limit was 99 degrees and mean flexion deformity 7
      degrees. Stability and alignment were recovered in nearly all joints. Six knees
      failed and were successfully arthrodesed (two) or converted to another prosthesis
      (four). Eight knees required revision to replace a dislocated bearing (five) or
      to recement a loose component (three). In knees with an intact anterior cruciate
      ligament, there were no failures and a low revision rate (4.8%). The prosthesis
      is proposed as a reliable and safe alternative to more invasive prostheses in
      rheumatoid and osteoarthritic joints in which the disease is still limited to the
      articular surfaces.

PMID- 3698381
TI  - Osteomalacia in a night nurse.
AB  - A 41-year-old nurse, regularly employed on the night shift, complained of
      generalized bone pain and tenderness, pathologic pseudofractures, and the
      inability to walk. She assiduously avoided sunlight and dairy products and
      habitually ingested barbiturates. A low-serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) level
      reflected her low total body store of vitamin D. A biopsy revealed osteomalacia.
      Years of marginal dietary vitamin D intake, along with lack of sun exposure and
      habitual use of phenobarbital, were possible multifactorial causes of the
      osteomalacia. Her symptoms completely disappeared with vitamin D and calcium
      treatment. Although classical vitamin D deficiency is now rare in Western nations
      of the world, patients with generalized bone pain should be thoroughly
      investigated with respect to diet, medication, and occupational conditions
      contributing to osteomalacia.

PMID- 3698382
TI  - Fractures of the acetabulum. A retrospective analysis.
AB  - A roentgenographic analysis of 204 acetabular fractures is presented. In
      addition, 64 displaced fractures (43 treated surgically) are evaluated clinically
      and roentgenographically (average follow-up period, 3.7 years). Most fractures
      can be adequately evaluated from anteroposterior and oblique roentgenograms of
      the pelvis. The roentgenographic and clinical results correlate closely.
      Fractures must be reduced to a displacement of 3 mm or less, in addition to
      congruent reduction of the femoral head with the weight-bearing dome of the
      acetabulum, to achieve a satisfactory clinical result. Most displaced fractures
      involve the weight-bearing dome and require surgery. With an intact weight
      bearing dome, nonoperative treatment is considered. Quantification of this dome
      with three measurements termed the medial, anterior, and posterior roof arc
      obtained from the standard roentgenograms is valuable in determination of
      appropriate treatment for displaced acetabular fractures.

PMID- 3698383
TI  - Fractures of the acetabulum. Early results of a prospective study.
AB  - One hundred two patients with 105 displaced fractures of the acetabulum were
      treated for fractures involving at least one column of the acetabulum and
      displaced at least 5 mm (rim fractures were excluded). The patients were
      primarily young adults with multiple injuries secondary to motor-vehicle
      associated trauma. Fractures were classified according to the classification of
      Letournel. The most common fractures were the complex associated types with 44
      complete both column, 19 T-shaped, and 18 associated transverse and posterior
      wall. Seventeen fractures were treated closed, and 88 were treated operatively.
      Closed treatment with skeletal traction was undertaken if roof arc measurements
      demonstrated a satisfactory remaining acetabular dome following fracture and in
      some cases of apparent congruence following complete both column fractures.
      Fractures not meeting these criteria were operated upon through the Kocher
      Langenbeck, extended iliofemoral, or ilioinguinal approach. Ninety percent of the
      operations produced a satisfactory reduction of the fracture (3 mm or less
      displacement). A follow-up study longer than one year was obtained for 50
      fractures. Clinical results were 80% satisfactory overall. Operative
      complications included 3% infection, 5% nerve palsy, and 7% significant ectopic
      bone. Operative treatment can produce satisfactory fracture reductions and
      clinical results with an acceptably low complication rate.

PMID- 3698384
TI  - Dercum's disease (adiposis dolorosa). A case report and review of the literature.
AB  - Dercum's disease consists of multiple, painful lipomata and occurs in obese,
      postmenopausal women. A 52-year-old obese woman complained of multiple painful
      "lumps" in the extremities. The diagnosis of Dercum's disease (adiposis dolorosa)
      was established by excisional biopsy of four tumors. There is no effective
      treatment for this condition. Surgical excision, in this case, relieved the
      patient's symptoms locally, but after one year the painful lipomata had appeared
      at other sites. Case reports of this condition were not found in a review of the
      orthopedic literature.

PMID- 3698385
TI  - Bone remodeling phenomena in flexible implant arthroplasty in the
      metacarpophalangeal joints. Long-term study.
AB  - The durability of any implant procedure is related to the host bone tolerance.
      This can be evaluated in part by measuring the cortical bone thickness around the
      device. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the long-term bone response to
      silicone implants at the metacarpophalangeal joint level in a series of 133
      digits with a minimum of five years of follow-up evaluation. A method of bone
      morphometry that can measure cortical bone thickness on radiograms was used. Bone
      remodeling resulted in the formation of a newly formed cortical bony shell around
      the implant stems and maintenance of the shape of the cut end of the bone with
      thickening of the cortical bone at the metacarpal and phalangeal metaphysis.
      Thickening of the phalangeal midshaft was also present. A postoperative decrease
      of the metacarpal midshaft cortical bone thickness was related to the surgical
      reaming and remained permanently. Compared with the initial postoperative length,
      there was no shortening of the proximal phalanx and an average shortening of 9.1%
      in the metacarpal. The shape of the cortical bone in implant resection
      arthroplasty can be maintained and the bone thickness increased.

PMID- 3698387
TI  - The effects of a long-term preservation of the bone inductive capacity of
      hydrochloric acid (HCl)-decalcified matrix.

PMID- 3698386
TI  - The effect of decalcified bone matrix on the osteogenic potential of bone marrow.
AB  - Rabbit bone marrow cells were cultured in diffusion chambers with or without
      decalcified bone matrix. The chambers were assayed after 28 days for alkaline
      phosphatase activity, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), calcium, and phosphorus
      contents. Morphologically, marrow cells incubated with or without matrix
      differentiated to form bone and cartilage. With bone matrix, the calcium and
      phosphorus contents of chambers were significantly higher than control chambers.
      Alkaline phosphatase activity and DNA content were not influenced by inclusion of
      bone matrix. These results indicate that bone matrix constituents exert a
      stimulatory effect on bone formation from marrow cells. This osteogenic
      stimulation could be due to the influence of an osteoinductive factor and/or to
      stimulation of osteoprogenitor cells known to be present in the marrow.

PMID- 3698388
TI  - The results of refractory osteomyelitis treated with surgery, parenteral
      antibiotics and hyperbaric oxygen.

PMID- 3698389
TI  - The accessory soleus muscle.

PMID- 3698390
TI  - Scoliosis in the elderly: idiopathic or osteoporotic?

PMID- 3698391
TI  - The total condylar prosthesis.
AB  - Forty knees with total condylar prostheses have been followed for ten years or
      more. There were five failures, one due to infection and four directly related to
      either improper selection or technical reasons. Thirty-five knees (87.5%) have a
      satisfactorily functioning arthroplasty after ten years. There were no loose
      components and no complete radiolucent lines. Technique and correct alignment are
      most important and, provided that the operation is correctly performed,
      conventional polymethyl methacrylate cement fixation is completely adequate. The
      absence of progressive adverse radiologic changes suggests that knee
      arthroplasties have a considerable life expectancy.

PMID- 3698392
TI  - Noncemented total knee arthroplasty.
AB  - Extensive animal experimentation has proven porous titanium fiber composite to be
      an effective interface for direct attachment of prosthetic devices via bone
      ingrowth. Titanium has demonstrated excellent biocompatibility in long-term
      primate experiments. Utilizing this technology, a cementless total knee system
      has been developed. A pilot study of 34 knees demonstrated the feasibility of
      anchoring the tibial component without cement. A totally cementless unconstrained
      total knee replacement was designed with porous titanium fiber composite
      interfaces. Retention of the posterior cruciate ligament was an essential part of
      the design. A large range of sizes was chosen to allow precise fitting of
      individual patients with distribution of load over the maximum surface available.
      Early clinical results have been very encouraging. Patients have achieved
      excellent pain relief, rapid return of function, and range of motion exceeding
      previous designs.

PMID- 3698393
TI  - Spherocentric arthroplasty of the knee. A long-term and final follow-up
      evaluation.
AB  - The spherocentric knee was designed as an intrinsically stable prosthesis to
      manage the problems of deformity, instability, and metaphyseal bone loss in
      joints too severely involved to use resurfacing arthroplasty. Follow-up
      information has been obtained on 58 of the first 82 knees requiring spherocentric
      arthroplasty. After an average eight-year followup period, the results are
      gratifying with respect to pain, ambulatory ability, deformity, and instability.
      The infection and reoperation rates of 5% and 15% seem satisfactory when one
      considers the severely disabled patient and pathologic conditions of the knee
      joint.

PMID- 3698394
TI  - The problem of surface damage in polyethylene total knee components.
AB  - Observations of surface damage on retrieved total knee polyethylene components
      have been combined with experimental and analytical studies of the contact
      problem to identify important clinical and design factors. The amount and
      severity of damage occurring on the articulating surfaces of knee components
      increases significantly with patient weight and with the length of time the
      component is implanted. The design variables that affect the amount of damage are
      component thickness, the conformity of the articulating surfaces, and the type of
      polyethylene material used. Surface damage will be more severe in thin (less than
      4-6 mm) components and in components with relatively flat tibial articulating
      surfaces. Surface damage is also expected to be more extreme for carbon
      reinforced polyethylene components than for components made from plain
      polyethylene.

PMID- 3698395
TI  - Management of infected total knee arthroplasty.
AB  - A retrospective study of the Mayo Clinic experience with the management of 61
      infected total knee arthroplasties treated between 1970 and 1980 revealed
      rheumatoid arthritis as an underlying diagnosis in 47%. Previous operations had
      been performed in 58%. Arthrodesis was the most frequently utilized salvage
      technique and was successful in 83%. Reimplantation of a new prosthesis was
      successful in 63%. Debridement alone was successful in six knees when performed
      early for acute infections.

PMID- 3698396
TI  - The outcome of failed knee arthrodesis following total knee arthroplasty.
AB  - After failure of total knee arthroplasty, arthrodesis was attempted in 120 cases,
      and unsuccessful in 25 (21%). Failure of arthrodesis was defined as nonunion
      persisting one year after arthrodesis or reoperation to obtain union. The number
      of attempts at arthrodesis ranged from one to four. The most frequent reasons for
      reoperation were persistent pain and instability. Most failures were caused by
      poor apposition owing to bone loss. Union was obtained in ten knees (average
      follow-up period, 44.5 months), but not in 11 (average, 35.3 months).

PMID- 3698397
TI  - The patellofemoral joint in total condylar knee arthroplasty. Pros and cons based
      on five- to ten-year follow-up observations.
AB  - In this report, 100 knees in 77 patients, with an average age of 65, were
      followed for a period between five and 10 years. Rheumatoid arthritis was the
      diagnosis in 43 patients and osteoarthritis in 34 patients. The majority had
      varus, valgus, and biplane deformities. Twenty-one patients underwent bilateral
      procedures; all but one had patellar replacement. Over 90% of the knees were
      rated good to excellent according to The Hospital for Special Surgery Knee
      Disability Score Sheet. Of the 34 osteoarthritic patients (40 knees), 24 or 71%
      could walk ten blocks and beyond. Ten patients, or 29%, could walk between one
      and ten blocks. Further ambulation was restricted only by overall poor health and
      age (most were 74 years of age or older). Twenty-four patients, or 71%, could
      ascend and descend stairs without support, while six (18%) relied on bannister
      support when descending stairs. Four patients (11%) required bannister support
      for both ascending and descending stairs. Among the complications seen in this
      series were one loose patella and another with osteonecrosis of the anterior
      surface. No dislocations occurred, but 14 patellae showed tilt on skyline view
      roentgenograms, indicating a tight lateral retinaculum. In view of the good to
      excellent results achieved in the majority of patients, and the low morbidity
      associated with replacement, it is recommended that the patellofemoral joint be
      replaced in the course of total knee arthroplasty. When careful attention is paid
      to technical details, this procedure improves the quality of the arthroplasty.

PMID- 3698398
TI  - [A sporadic case of distal myopathy with market elevation of creatine
      phosphokinase].

PMID- 3698399
TI  - [Diaphragmatic myoclonus of spinal origin].

PMID- 3698400
TI  - [Limb-kinetic apraxia produced by a localized infarction of the central region
      (Liepmann)--studies on two cases].

PMID- 3698401
TI  - [A case of chronic subdural hematoma with frequent unconscious attacks].

PMID- 3698402
TI  - [Tolosa-Hunt syndrome with enlargement of optic nerve shadow on CT].

PMID- 3698403
TI  - [Electrophysiological study of respiratory function in amyotrophic lateral
      sclerosis].

PMID- 3698404
TI  - [The regional change of thiamine and its phosphate esters levels in thiamine
      deficient rat brain].

PMID- 3698405
TI  - [Higher cerebral disturbances in multiple sclerosis].

PMID- 3698406
TI  - [Frequent painful muscle cramps and elevated serum CK induced by pindolol].

PMID- 3698407
TI  - [Effect of pulse therapy on delayed contrast-enhancing CT scan lesion in a
      patient with multiple sclerosis].

PMID- 3698408
TI  - [Glutamate dehydrogenase and its isozyme activity in spinocerebellar
      degeneration].

PMID- 3698409
TI  - [A case of hypokalemic periodic paralysis with tubular aggregates in type 2A
      fibers and type 2B fibers].

PMID- 3698410
TI  - [Neuro-Behcet's syndrome with contrast enhancement on brain computed tomography].

PMID- 3698411
TI  - [Trihexyphenidyl (THP)-induced respiratory dyskinesia].

PMID- 3698412
TI  - [A case of glossopharyngeal neuraligia with cardiovascular syncope].

PMID- 3698413
TI  - [A case of nemaline myopathy with uniform type I fiber and unique hybrid pattern
      of myosin light chains].

PMID- 3698414
TI  - [Myasthenia gravis with features of the Eaton-Lambert syndrome].

PMID- 3698415
TI  - [Plasma cascade filtration therapy in a case of subacute cerebellar degeneration
      associated with Eaton-Lambert type of neuromuscular block].

PMID- 3698416
TI  - [A case with spinal epidural angioma which showed Brown-Sequard syndrome].

PMID- 3698417
TI  - [Pure anarthria in a dextral due to a small infarction in the right hemisphere].

PMID- 3698418
TI  - [One autopsy case of Levine-Critchley syndrome--clinico-pathological study].

PMID- 3698419
TI  - [A case of congenital antithrombin III deficiency complicated by an internal
      carotid artery occlusion].

PMID- 3698420
TI  - [Spinocerebellar degeneration with slow eye movement--with special reference to
      neuropathological background of disturbance of ocular movement].

PMID- 3698421
TI  - [Two cases of posthemiplegic dystonia and contralateral striatal low density area
      on CT caused by inflammatory vasculitis].

PMID- 3698422
TI  - [A case of Balint's syndrome caused by bilateral cerebral watershed infarction].

PMID- 3698423
TI  - [A case of narcolepsy with vertical slow eye movements].

PMID- 3698424
TI  - The exclusion of pneumothorax by radionuclide lung scan.
AB  - A case is reported in which ventilation lung imaging was useful in excluding a
      large pneumothorax. This technique may be helpful in patients with emphysema in
      whom exclusion of pneumothorax by radiographic criteria might be difficult.

PMID- 3698425
TI  - The continuing impact of thyroid scintigraphy on the diagnosis of thyroid
      enlargement.
AB  - The impact of thyroid scintigraphy on the working diagnosis was evaluated in 204
      consecutive patients referred for thyroid testing. The a priori and a posteriori
      diagnoses were discordant about one third of the time. The differences were
      highly significant (P less than 0.001) in the cases of uninodular and
      multinodular goiter.

PMID- 3698426
TI  - Gastric emptying before and after transverse gastroplasty for morbid obesity.
AB  - Twenty-three morbidly obese patients underwent gastric emptying studies (Tc-99m
      egg salad sandwich--a semisolid meal) preoperatively, and at three months and 12
      months postoperatively to evaluate the effect of transverse gastroplasty on
      gastric emptying and to determine the predictive value of this study for weight
      loss. At three months pouch emptying was variable with nine of 23 patients having
      prolonged half-times, and 14 shortened half-times compared with preoperative
      values, despite both groups having identical weight loss. At 12 months pouch half
      times returned to baseline. The data suggests that this type of gastroplasty
      causes weight loss solely by reducing the gastric volume resulting in reduced
      meal volume. Weight loss is not related to impaired pouch emptying, which might
      result in a prolonged feeling of fullness. Gastric emptying studies neither
      preoperatively nor postoperatively have weight loss predictive value for this
      particular operation.

PMID- 3698427
TI  - Ring-like uptake pattern of a skeletal imaging agent in a huge renal cell
      carcinoma.
AB  - A case of huge renal cell carcinoma with localization of a skeletal imaging agent
      is presented. Two unusual scintigraphic findings of bone agent localization in
      the tumor were observed: a ring-like configuration, and low-intensity uptake. The
      large ring-like appearance of the extraosseous radioactivity may reflect a bulky
      tumor with central necrosis and a less active calcification process.

PMID- 3698429
TI  - The "black beard" sign of monostotic Paget's disease of the mandible.
AB  - Paget's disease of bone can occur in up to 4% of the population over forty. Most
      of these patients are asymptomatic, and will have more than one bone involved.
      The monostotic presentation of the disease is much less common, but not rare.
      Monostotic Paget's disease involving the mandible, however, is very unusual. Only
      six cases have been reported since 1945, and bone imaging did not play a
      significant role in the diagnoses of these reports. A patient with proven Paget's
      disease of the mandible presented with a rather dramatic "bearded" image on a
      bone scan.

PMID- 3698428
TI  - A radionuclide and radiographic diagnosis of sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis.
AB  - Imaging features of a case of sternoclavicular hyperostosis are described, and
      the pathologic and clinical features of this uncommon entity are discussed.

PMID- 3698430
TI  - Bone imaging in the diagnosis of fractures of the femur and pelvis in the sixth
      to tenth decades.
AB  - A review was made of the records of 24 consecutive trauma patients (aged 55-94
      years) who had under gone radiographic examinations and a positive bone image of
      the femur or pelvis. There was considerable discordance between the radiographs
      and the bone images. Initially, 25% of the radiographs were interpreted as
      positive. Even after additional radiographs and retrospective. review, only 38%
      of the x-ray studies were positive. Bone imaging was a useful adjunct in these
      patients, both to confirm or exclude suspected fractures and to detect occult
      fractures. The necessity of delaying bone imaging for several days after the
      trauma was discussed.

PMID- 3698431
TI  - Bone scan appearance of osteogenesis imperfecta in an adult.
AB  - An adult patient with undiagnosed osteogenesis imperfecta presented with a
      history of multiple fractures. Radiographs could not definitively diagnose the
      underlying abnormality. The radionuclide bone image suggested the presence of a
      skeletal dysplasia, and prompted the histopathologic review of fracture
      fragments. The scan appearance of osteogenesis imperfecta in the adult and
      possible underlying mechanisms for the radiopharmaceutical distribution are
      discussed.

PMID- 3698432
TI  - CT and nuclear medicine imaging in vertebral metastases.
AB  - Three cases are presented to illustrate the value of CT in elucidating the
      diagnosis in cancer patients presenting with complaints that are clinically
      highly suspicious for osseous metastases, where isotope bone imaging and
      conventional radiography failed to confirm the clinician's suspicion.

PMID- 3698433
TI  - Extraosseous uptake of technetium-99m MDP in secondary deposits of neuroblastoma.
AB  - Extraosseous uptake of radiophosphate compounds i well recognized in primary
      neural crest tumors. In a review of 32 cases of neuroblastoma presenting over a
      three-year period at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, nine patients were
      noted to have secondary lesions in eleven different sites accumulating
      radiotracer. The extraosseous uptake in metastases included: ascites, liver,
      lung, anterior mediastinum, and posterior mediastinum. These cases are reported
      to emphasize the ability of bone imaging to detect the presence of extraosseous
      soft tissue metastases and primary lesions.

PMID- 3698434
TI  - Liver function tests. A study in patients with imaging-demonstrated metastases.
AB  - Thirty-eight consecutive patients with liver scan evidence of hepatic metastases
      (and confirmation by other modalities) had blood levels of lactate dehydrogenase
      and alkaline phosphatase performed within two weeks. In 38% of the patients with
      small liver metastases, both alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase were
      in the normal range. Even with large metastases present (one or more lesions over
      2.5 cm in diameter), 19% of the patients had both enzyme tests within the normal
      range. Despite the lower cost of these enzyme assays, they failed to detect
      hepatic metastases in an appreciable portion of our patients.

PMID- 3698435
TI  - Regional lung perfusion and ventilation with radioisotopes in cervical cord
      injured patients.
AB  - In general, cervical cord-injured patients present with restrictive pulmonary
      dysfunction resulting from paralysis of the intercostal muscles. Vital capacity
      frequently decreases below 50% of that in normal subjects, and their respiratory
      pattern frequently includes paradoxical movement in which the intercostal spaces
      sink and the abdomen distends at inspiration. Ventilation scintigraphy using Xe
      133 and pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy using Tc-99m macroaggregated albumin
      (MAA) were performed on nine cervical cord-injured patients and four normal
      subjects to investigate regional lung functions in the cervical cord-injured
      patients. Pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy, in which measurement was made in the
      supine position, revealed no differences between the patients and the normal
      subjects. The inhomogeneous ventilation/perfusion distribution was presumed to
      have resulted from change in regional intrapleural pressure due to paradoxical
      movement of the thoracic cage. Washing and washout times were prolonged by
      paralysis of the intercostal muscles. These phenomena were particularly apparent
      in the upper and middle lung regions where compensating action by movement of the
      diaphragm is small.

PMID- 3698436
TI  - Bile leakage over the hepatic surface detected by hepatobiliary imaging.

PMID- 3698437
TI  - Intrahepatic bile leak producing delayed accumulation of technetium-99m DISIDA in
      an amebic liver abscess.

PMID- 3698438
TI  - Gallbladder simulating renal fracture during technetium-99m glucoheptonate
      evaluation for renal trauma.

PMID- 3698439
TI  - Rectus femoris muscle bone-image uptake in a sprinter.

PMID- 3698441
TI  - Myocardial localization of technetium-99m MDP in an infant.

PMID- 3698440
TI  - Technetium-99m DISIDA imaging in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney.

PMID- 3698442
TI  - Demonstration of pulmonary barotrauma on lung imaging.

PMID- 3698443
TI  - Endoscopic detection of peptic ulcer disease in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Abdominal pain is common among cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and may be caused by
      a variety of conditions. Although peptic ulcer disease (PUD) has not been
      emphasized as a common cause of abdominal symptoms in CF, the risk for the
      development of PUD may be increased because of abnormal physiology. Contrast
      radiography appears to be an especially inaccurate method to document PUD in CF
      because the duodenal mucosa typically appears nodular and distorted with poor
      definition of the mucosal folds. These findings may obscure or mimic PUD. The
      first endoscopic diagnosis of PUD is reported in a CF patient. Based on this case
      and a review of the literature, endoscopy is the procedure of choice for
      evaluation of a CF patient who is suspected of having PUD.

PMID- 3698444
TI  - Bart's syndrome: a mechanobullous disease of the newborn. Report of five cases
      and review.
AB  - Bart's syndrome is one among the lesser known presentations of epidermolysis
      bullosa. It is characterized by congenital localized bullae of skin and mucous
      membranes sometimes associated with nail deformities, all of which disappear
      during the neonatal period. Early recognition allows for avoidance of
      inappropriate systemic or local therapy.

PMID- 3698445
TI  - Prognostic significance of urinary findings and renal biopsies in children with
      Henoch-Schonlein nephritis.
AB  - Clinical course and renal biopsy were evaluated as predictors of renal outcome in
      21 children with Henoch-Schonlein nephritis. Persisting heavy proteinuria and
      severe glomerular changes most accurately predicted those patients who were
      likely to develop renal failure. Renal biopsy is recommended only in patients
      with a nephrotic or nephritic/nephrotic picture.

PMID- 3698446
TI  - Severe cardiomyopathy simulating hepatitis in adolescence.
AB  - Two adolescent patients referred for evaluation of severe "hepatitis" were found
      to have clinically unsuspected cardiac failure. Clinical profiles were
      characterized by anorexia, malaise, right upper quadrant pain, mild jaundice,
      initially predominantly indirect hyperbilirubinemia, profound elevations of
      transaminases, and prolonged prothrombin time. Left ventricular failure and low
      cardiac output were documented by clinical examination, echocardiography, and
      measurements of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and cardiac index. Acute and
      chronic intrinsic liver disease was ruled out by appropriate tests. At autopsy,
      pathologic lesions of centrilobular necrosis characteristic of hepatic hypoxia
      were noted, and there was evidence of marked myocardial degeneration. These two
      cases emphasize the need for careful cardiac examination when evaluating acute
      hepatitis.

PMID- 3698447
TI  - Maternal diabetic control and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in infants of diabetic
      mothers.
AB  - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy has been well documented in infants of diabetic
      mothers (IDMs). If this asymmetric septal enlargement is an anabolic result of
      fetal hyperinsulinemia triggered by maternal hyperglycemia during the third
      trimester, maternal glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1) levels, an indicator of
      glycemic control, should then correlate positively at delivery with newborn
      ventricular septal thickness. In this study of 20 infants of well-controlled
      diabetic mothers, no relationship was observed between echocardiographic evidence
      of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and maternal HbA1 levels. Seven babies (35%)
      exhibited exaggerated septal thickening, but none had cardiac-specific symptoms.
      Although 60 percent of the IDMs were large for gestational age and 45 percent
      demonstrated neonatal hypoglycemia, neither of these complications correlated
      with maternal HbA1. In this group of babies of well-controlled diabetic women,
      echocardiographic indicators of cardiomyopathy were common, but clinical evidence
      of cardiac embarrassment was not observed. Moreover, these data do not support
      third trimester maternal hyperglycemia as instrumental in the etiology of
      cardiomyopathy and other complications of IDMs.

PMID- 3698448
TI  - Inheritance of familial primary endocardial fibroelastosis.
AB  - Two related families with 15 children, seven of whom developed endocardial
      fibroelastosis (EFE) are described. Three of the children died during infancy,
      and the disease was confirmed in one of them at autopsy. The survivors, two
      sisters age 5 years and 15 months (Family A) and two sisters age 17 and 14 years
      (Family B), are now symptomless and show a decrease in left ventricular
      hypertrophy. The mode of inheritance of EFE in our two families appears to be
      either autosomal or X-linked dominant with reduced penetrance.

PMID- 3698449
TI  - Duchenne muscular dystrophy in a 46 XY female.
AB  - The most common muscular dystrophy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), is an X
      linked disorder that ordinarily has full clinical expression only in males.
      Reports of typical clinical features in females are rare but have occurred with a
      phenotypically identical autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy as well as in
      females with X-chromosome abnormalities such as the Turner syndrome. A girl with
      full expression of DMD due to a 46 XY karyotype is reported, and other clinical
      conditions in which expression of the DMD gene occurs in females are reviewed.

PMID- 3698450
TI  - Transient erythroblastopenia of childhood presenting with papilledema.
AB  - A 4-year-old boy with transient erythroblastopenia of childhood (TEC) presented
      with papilledema and transient hemiparesis. Upon spontaneous hematologic
      recovery, the papilledema resolved. It is concluded that TEC, like other forms of
      anemia, may present with papilledema and even focal neurologic deficit, from
      which spontaneous recovery may be anticipated.

PMID- 3698451
TI  - Home phototherapy. An alternative to prolonged hospitalization of the full-term,
      well newborn.
AB  - Hyperbilirubinemia in the healthy, term neonate is the most common reason for
      prolonged hospitalization. Expense, separation from a nursing mother, imparting a
      sense of illness to the infant, and disrupting such processes as "bonding" are
      all drawbacks to in-hospital phototherapy. Home Phototherapy Associates in
      Colorado Springs, Colorado has treated 260 newborns from April 1982 to February
      1985. The infants treated by home phototherapy averaged 0.81 days of hospital
      phototherapy before being discharged to home phototherapy for an average of 2.44
      days. Average bilirubin on entry into home phototherapy was 14.19 mg/dl and 10.97
      mg/dl when discontinued. The average age upon entering home phototherapy was 3.97
      days. Home phototherapy was ordered at the discretion of the private physician.
      Parents were given verbal and written instructions on care of the jaundiced
      newborn, kept a record of their baby's progress and signed a consent form. There
      have been no complications in 260 newborns treated at home. There were 17
      rehospitalizations. Home phototherapy is an effective and safe alternative to
      prolonged hospitalization for the healthy, full-term newborn with jaundice.
      Parental satisfaction has been nearly 100 percent. The average daily decrement in
      bilirubin is comparable with that reported by others for in-hospital
      phototherapy. The cost savings, uninterrupted "bonding" process, and the ability
      to keep mother and child united are some of the observable benefits.

PMID- 3698452
TI  - 14 years of experience with home phototherapy.
AB  - This report describes a group of patients with hyperbilirubinemia treated with
      phototherapy at home. An account is made of methods used, advice given, problems
      encountered, and results obtained. It is suggested that home phototherapy can and
      should be carried out by pediatricians as part of routine outpatient pediatric
      care.

PMID- 3698453
TI  - Rapid strabismus screening for the pediatrician.
AB  - "I thought I saw my child's eyes turning" is a frequent observation of parents.
      The Brueckner test is a simple method, easily learned, to determine the presence
      or absence of true strabismus. With some practice, an observer can uncover
      strabismus and amblyopia. This test makes use of a direct ophthalmoscope and the
      same corneal reflexes one is familiar with in pen light testing. The position of
      the corneal light reflex is an important portion of the Brueckner test, but the
      additional, definitive information is derived from the red reflex that fills the
      entire pupil and gives an excellent backdrop to the bright white dot that is the
      corneal light reflex. The eye that is turned in or out will have a brighter, more
      orange-red reflex and the appearance of increased pupil size. Even with
      pseudostrabismus or unusual angle kappas, the equality or inequality of the red
      reflex determines the absence or presence of true strabismus. With practice, the
      Brueckner test can yield the doctor an answer to one of the most common parental
      concerns.

PMID- 3698454
TI  - Abuse of isobutyl nitrite inhalation (Rush) by adolescents.
AB  - Isobutyl nitrite is a volatile liquid sold without a prescription as a "room
      odorizer" but is widely used as an inhalant to produce feelings of euphoria. Of
      the 173 13-22-year-olds (mean age, 16 years) clients of a long-term drug
      treatment facility who completed a questionnaire related to drug use, 74 (43%)
      admitted to having used isobutyl nitrite at least once, 22 (13%) had used the
      substance ten or more times, and eight (4%) used the substance 50 or more times.
      Inhalation of this malodorous substance leads almost universally to dizziness and
      lightheadedness and usually to severe symptoms of vasodilatation such as
      "pounding of the heart," blurred vision, and a "warm feeling." The feeling was
      unpleasant to 44 percent of the users in this study, and most also experienced
      pulsatile headache. In addition, contact dermatitis and irritation of the
      tracheobronchial tree and eyes occurred in some users. The primary use of this
      substance as an euphoric agent warrants consideration of banning its sale
      altogether.

PMID- 3698455
TI  - Recurrence rate of febrile convulsion related to the degree of pyrexia during the
      first attack.
AB  - Ninety-four children consecutively admitted to the hospital between January 1980
      and December 1982 with their first febrile convulsion (FC) were studied to assess
      the influence of the degree of pyrexia on the recurrence rate of FC. Thirty-eight
      of sixty-three children between 6 and 18 months of age (the peak incidence of FC)
      with fever above 40 degrees C were almost seven times less likely to have
      subsequent convulsions with fever, than those whose initial febrile convulsion
      was associated with a lower degree of pyrexia. It is suggested that the degree of
      pyrexia is a factor that influences the recurrence of FC. This may explain why
      some children have a reduced frequency of subsequent FC compared with others who
      appear to be at comparable risk.

PMID- 3698456
TI  - Gaffkya anaerobia infection and recurrent parotitis.
AB  - This is a case report of a child with recurrent parotitis, distortion of
      Stensen's duct, and recovery of Gaffkya anaerobia on one occasion. Cause and
      effect relationships are discussed.

PMID- 3698457
TI  - Sample size calculations for clinical pharmacology studies.

PMID- 3698458
TI  - Comparison of two benzodiazepines with differing accumulation: behavioral changes
      during and after 3 weeks of dosing.
AB  - The effects of diazepam (0.2 mg/kg for 15 days followed by 0.3 mg/kg for 7 days),
      oxazepam (0.8 mg/kg for 15 days followed by 1.2 mg/kg for 7 days), and placebo
      were studied in healthy subjects after the first dose, once a week during chronic
      dosing, and at 48 and 96 hours after withdrawal through a battery of psychologic
      tests. Diazepam produced quick effects followed by relatively rapid recovery,
      whereas the effects of oxazepam appeared slowly and lasted longer. Tolerance
      developed to the effects of both active drugs, so that when the dosages were
      increased, effects did not. There were no symptoms or signs indicative of
      withdrawal reactions. There were also no differences between the effects of the
      two active drugs after repeated dosing, although diazepam is an accumulating drug
      with active metabolites and oxazepam is a slightly accumulating one with inactive
      metabolites.

PMID- 3698459
TI  - Disposition of tin-protoporphyrin and suppression of hyperbilirubinemia in
      humans.
AB  - Tin (Sn4+)-protoporphyrin, a potent competitive inhibitor of heme degradation to
      bile pigment, was cleared rapidly from plasma in normal subjects (t1/2
      approximately 4 hours for plasma levels greater than 5 nmol/ml, with evidence of
      dose-dependent pharmacokinetics at lower plasma concentrations). Small amounts
      were excreted promptly in urine (0.1% to 5.6%) and more gradually in feces (3.7%
      to 11.3%). The only dose-limiting (greater than 1.0 mumol/kg, single dose) side
      effect was mild sensitivity to sunlight and long-wave ultraviolet light.
      Absorption after intramuscular administration was rapid, but there was no
      absorption after oral dosing. In bile duct-ligated rats treated with Sn
      protoporphyrin, there was a substantial (approximately 50%) reduction in plasma
      bilirubin levels compared with levels in ligated control animals. Seven studies
      were carried out in four women with moderate to severe cholestasis secondary to
      primary biliary cirrhosis and in two men with Gilbert's syndrome. In these
      studies Sn-protoporphyrin (total doses of 0.25 to 2.0 mumol/kg body weight)
      reduced plasma bilirubin levels to a varying degree (7% to 43%) promptly after
      its intravenous administration.

PMID- 3698460
TI  - Sedative effects and impaired learning and recall after single oral doses of
      lorazepam.
AB  - Seven healthy subjects received oral placebo, 1.5 mg lorazepam, or 3.0 mg
      lorazepam in a single-dose, three-way crossover study. Plasma lorazepam
      concentrations and subjects' self-rated sedative effects were evaluated at
      multiple points during 24 hours after each dose. Information acquisition and
      recall was studied by use of a 16-item word list at 3 and 24 hours after dosing.
      Lorazepam plasma concentrations were proportional to dose. Self-rated sedation
      was maximal 2 to 3 hours after lorazepam dosing, persisted for 8 hours, and was
      dose dependent in intensity; no significant sedation occurred with placebo. At 3
      hours after placebo dosing, subjects learned a mean 96% of words presented during
      six trials; this was reduced to 79% and 62% after lorazepam, 1.5 and 3.0 mg,
      respectively (F = 6.2; P less than 0.02). Twenty-four hours after placebo,
      subjects recalled 92% of words presented the previous day, then improved to 99%
      after six relearning trials. After 1.5 and 3.0 mg lorazepam, however, only 52%
      and 44% of words were initially recalled from the previous day. Thus single oral
      doses of lorazepam within the therapeutic range produce dose-dependent sedation
      and impairment of information acquisition and recall.

PMID- 3698461
TI  - Interpretation of serum digoxin values in renal failure.
AB  - We have studied three circumstances that have been reported to make
      interpretation of the serum digoxin concentration difficult in patients with
      renal failure: increased biotransformation; endogenous digitalis-like factors
      (DLF); and sudden, unexpected increases in serum digoxin values, even after the
      discontinuation of digoxin. Biotransformation, as estimated by the percent true
      digoxin in serum, was comparable in patients with renal failure who were
      dependent on dialysis and in control subjects (76% vs. 73%). Certain commercial
      immunoassays did not, or rarely, gave values for DLF of clinical significance
      (greater than 0.2 ng/ml digoxin equivalents) in patients with a wide range of
      renal dysfunction who were not receiving digoxin. With a sensitive method, values
      for DLF did not exceed 0.23 ng/ml in 22 dialysis patients dependent on dialysis,
      but were significantly increased in comparison with values in control subjects.
      The case histories of two patients with renal failure, acute illness, and sudden
      unexpected marked increases in serum digoxin concentrations are presented and
      possible explanations are discussed.

PMID- 3698462
TI  - Tolerance and beta-adrenergic blocking activity of flestolol, a short-acting beta
      blocker.
AB  - The tolerance and beta-adrenergic blocking activity of flestolol, a short-acting
      beta-blocker, was investigated in 30 subjects. Flestolol infused intravenously at
      doses up to 100 micrograms/kg/min was found to be well tolerated. A dose
      dependent attenuation of isoproterenol-induced tachycardia and increase in
      systolic blood pressure occurred with flestolol at doses ranging from 0.5 to 15.0
      micrograms/kg/min. The average percent reduction in isoproterenol-induced
      tachycardia (beta-blockade) at each dose of flestolol, 0.5, 2.5, 5.0, 15.0, and
      50.0 micrograms/kg/min, was 15.1%, 45.9%, 67.0%, 85.9%, and 90.3%, respectively.
      The onset of beta-blockade occurred within 30 minutes. After the end of flestolol
      infusion there was a marked reduction in beta-blockade within 6 minutes, with
      complete recovery from beta-blockade within 30 to 45 minutes. There was a
      statistically significant (P less than 0.01) positive correlation between
      flestolol dosage and its blood levels (r = 0.91) as well as between the flestolol
      induced beta-blockade and its dosage (r = 0.62).

PMID- 3698463
TI  - The effect of nonesterified fatty acids and progesterone on bupivacaine protein
      binding.
AB  - We examined the influence of elevations in levels of nonesterified fatty acids
      (NEFAs) and progesterone concentrations on bupivacaine protein binding. The
      addition of NEFAs to isolated binding proteins of bupivacaine (alpha 1-acid
      glycoprotein and serum albumin) resulted in an increased binding to alpha 1-acid
      glycoprotein and an inconsistent decrease in binding to serum albumin. The NEFA
      alteration in the binding of bupivacaine to isolated proteins, however, only
      restored the isolated protein binding to normal whole serum levels. An elevated
      progesterone concentration in whole serum did not alter the binding of
      bupivacaine. It appears from our results that increases in either NEFA or
      progesterone concentrations do not account for the observed decrease in
      bupivacaine protein binding in the term parturient.

PMID- 3698464
TI  - Indomethacin attenuates the hypotensive action of hydralazine.
AB  - To determine whether indomethacin affects the vasodilator action of hydralazine
      in man, we studied nine healthy human subjects in a crossover, double-blind,
      randomized trial. Subjects received either oral indomethacin (200 mg) or placebo,
      after which they received two 0.15 mg/kg doses of intravenous hydralazine given
      30 minutes apart. During the placebo phase there was a prompt hypotensive
      response after the first dose of hydralazine, with concomitant increases in heart
      rate, renal blood flow, and plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine levels but no
      consistent changes in forearm blood flow or vascular resistance. In contrast, the
      hypotensive response in the indomethacin phase occurred only after the second
      dose of hydralazine, and the magnitude of change in blood pressure was less than
      that in the placebo phase. The effects of hydralazine on heart rate, renal blood
      flow, limb blood flow, and plasma catecholamine levels were not affected by
      indomethacin. These results suggest that prostaglandins do play a role in the
      medication of the vasodilator effects of hydralazine, because its hypotensive
      effect was attenuated by indomethacin. However, this interaction must occur in
      vascular beds other than the limb or renal circulations, where no effect of
      indomethacin was observed.

PMID- 3698465
TI  - Salicylate metabolism: effects of age and sex in adults.
AB  - The plasma concentrations and urinary excretion rates of salicylic acid (SA) and
      some of its metabolites (salicyluric acid [SUA] and acyl and phenolic glucuronide
      conjugates) were measured after an oral dose of acetylsalicylic acid to 44
      healthy subjects of both sexes 20 to 78 years old. There was no change in the SA
      absorption rate, and plasma clearance of SA was not affected by age or sex. The
      volume of distribution increased with age in men but not in women. Plasma
      concentrations of SUA rose with age as the renal clearance of this metabolite
      fell. The kinetic parameters Km and Vmax for the SA-to-SUA reaction did not
      change with age; Vmax was significantly higher in women than in men. Urinary
      recovery of SA and its metabolites essentially accounted for the administered
      dose, and was little influenced by age or sex. We conclude that these factors
      play a minor role in the disposition of salicylate.

PMID- 3698466
TI  - Ranitidine at very large doses does not inhibit theophylline elimination.
AB  - While most controlled studies in humans indicate that ranitidine does not alter
      drug metabolism, there is some evidence that ranitidine may have this property.
      If ranitidine does inhibit drug metabolism in a predictable manner, such an
      effect might be expressed at higher ranitidine doses. Our study was designed to
      contrast the effects of large doses of ranitidine (1200 and 4200 mg/day) and
      cimetidine (1200 mg/day) on theophylline elimination. Whereas cimetidine
      decreased theophylline clearance in 11 of 12 subjects by a mean of 19.4%, neither
      ranitidine dose affected theophylline disposition. While case reports indicate
      ranitidine may inhibit theophylline metabolism specifically and drug metabolism
      in general, we were not able in our controlled study to detect any effect of
      ranitidine on theophylline elimination even at ranitidine doses up to
      fourteenfold greater than are generally prescribed.

PMID- 3698468
TI  - No "dose-dumping" with once-a-day Uniphyl.

PMID- 3698467
TI  - Effect of diclofensine, a novel antidepressant, on peripheral adrenergic
      function.
AB  - Diclofensine is a novel antidepressant with equipotent inhibitive effects on the
      neuronal uptake of norepinephrine (NE), serotonin, and dopamine. It is devoid of
      monoamine-releasing or monoaminoxidase-inhibiting properties. The action of
      diclofensine on peripheral neuronal adrenergic function was studied through tests
      of the blood pressure response to NE, tyramine, and phenylephrine (PE). The blood
      pressure response to NE was enhanced and that to tyramine was decreased by
      diclofensine, as a result of its inhibitive action on peripheral neuronal amine
      uptake. PE sensitivity was also enhanced by diclofensine as well as after a
      single dose of desmethylimipramine (DMI). In contrast to the common opinion that
      PE does not interact with the neuronal uptake mechanism, the increase in PE
      induced blood pressure response after diclofensine and DMI suggests that PE, a
      nonbiogenic amine, does indeed enter into the peripheral adrenergic neuron. This
      neuronal uptake may probably be unmasked only by powerful NE uptake inhibitors
      such as DMI or diclofensine.

PMID- 3698469
TI  - Increased type-III/type-I collagen ratios in diabetic human conjunctival
      biopsies.
AB  - The ratio of type-III to type-I collagen is measured in human conjunctival
      biopsies from control and diabetic subjects. The tissue is digested by CNBr and
      the resulting peptides are quantified by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
      The peptides used are alpha 1-(I)CB7 and alpha 1-(III)CB8. In control population,
      of type-III collagen slightly increases with age. In two diabetic populations,
      (juvenile onset diabetes and maturity onset diabetes), the percentage of type-III
      collagen is significantly higher than in age-matched control groups. These data
      plus those previously obtained on genetically diabetic mice indicate that
      diabetes mellitus affects the expression of interstitial collagen phenotype.
      Preliminary results on prediabetic subjects suggest the role of genetic factors
      in such alterations.

PMID- 3698470
TI  - Glutathione redox cycle enzyme activities in erythrocytes of multiple sclerosis
      patients.
AB  - The erythrocytes of multiple sclerosis patients with elevated superoxide
      dismutase levels were tested for the activities of glutathione redox cycle
      enzymes. No differences were observed between multiple sclerosis and normal
      control erythrocytes when the activities were referred to either hemoglobin
      concentration or lactate dehydrogenase content. Our results indicate that no
      adaptative changes occur in the activities of glutathione redox cycle enzymes in
      erythrocytes of multiple sclerosis subjects as a consequence of an elevated
      superoxide dismutase level.

PMID- 3698471
TI  - Significance and clinical usefulness of low density lipoprotein electrophoretic
      mobility for the evaluation of nonenzymatic glycosylation.
AB  - We evaluated low density lipoprotein (LDL) electrophoretic mobility (EM) as an
      index of nonenzymatic glycosylation in 88 insulin-dependent diabetic patients.
      Among well-controlled diabetics, 36% had increased EM and among poorly controlled
      patients, 63% had increased EM. This incidence difference was found to be
      statistically significant by the X2 test. EM can be used as a sufficiently
      reliable index of LDL nonenzymatic glycosylation.

PMID- 3698472
TI  - Studies on vascular permeability in hypertension: action of anthocyanosides.
AB  - The initial phase of renal hypertension induced by ligature of the abdominal
      aorta was accompanied by a transient increase in vascular permeability. This
      permeability increase has not the same intensity in all parts of the organism: it
      is greater in the skin and in the aorta wall than in the brain vessels. Treatment
      of rats with a flavonoid-type drug (anthocyanosides of Vaccinium myrtillus) for
      12 days before the induction of hypertension kept the blood-brain barrier
      permeability normal and limited the increase in vascular permeability in the skin
      and the aorta wall. As previously demonstrated, the collagens of the blood vessel
      walls play an important role in the control of vascular permeability. Interaction
      of these collagens with the drug may be partly responsible for the protection
      against the permeability-increasing action of hypertension observed in the
      treated animals.

PMID- 3698473
TI  - Mechanisms of ferric and ferrous iron uptake by Bifidobacterium bifidum var.
      pennsylvanicus.
AB  - Iron uptake studies in Bifidobacterium bifidum var. pennsylvanicus were carried
      out using ferric citrate at iron concentrations above 0.01 mM and pH 7, ferrous
      iron at concentrations less than 0.01 mM at pH 5. Two ferric iron transport
      systems were distinguished: the temperature-insensitive polymer, and the
      temperature-sensitive monomer uptake. Both showed a saturation phenomenon. The
      transport of ferrous iron at concentrations below 0.01 mM was temperature
      dependent, and its affinity for iron was higher than that of a system operating
      at iron concentrations higher than 0.01 mM. The use of various metabolic
      inhibitors indicated that ferrous iron transport at pH 5 at both high and low
      iron concentrations was mediated by transport-type ATPase. Proton gradient
      dissipators abolished ferrous iron uptakes as well as the ferric monomer uptake.
      Uptake of the ferric polymer was insensitive to metabolic inhibitors. The
      functional significance of the various types of iron transport systems may be
      related to the nutritional immunity phenomenon.

PMID- 3698475
TI  - Perspectives in hand surgery.

PMID- 3698474
TI  - Effect of portacaval anastomosis on rat lipoproteins.
AB  - The distribution of cholesterol (C), triglycerides (TG), phospholipids (PL) and
      protein in the different lipoproteins was studied in male Wistar rats under 2
      conditions: control and 2 months after portacaval anastomosis (PCA). PCA
      decreased the levels of cholesterol and the other components in chylomicrons (
      90%), very low density lipoproteins (-65 to -78%), LDL2 (1.040 less than d less
      than 1.063 g/ml; -51 to -61%) and HDL (1.063 less than d less than 1.21 g/ml),
      whereas no change was observed in LDL1 (1.006 less than d less than 1.040 g/ml).
      Apoprotein C contents were decreased in all lipoproteins. The relative
      proportions of C, TG, PL and proteins in lipoproteins were essentially unchanged
      by the shunt, suggesting a reduced number of lipoprotein particles in plasma
      after PCA. It was concluded that PCA reduced the levels of all lipoproteins
      secreted by liver and/or the intestine without modifying those of intraplasmatic
      origin (LDL1).

PMID- 3698476
TI  - Congenital anomalies--looking ahead.
AB  - The management of upper limb congenital anomalies has been affected by modern
      techniques and technology and shaped by socioeconomic influences. Future
      technologic advances will have a major impact on tomorrow's diagnosis and
      treatment.

PMID- 3698477
TI  - Bone and joint surgery: rheumatoid arthritis--retrospective and contemporary
      techniques.
AB  - A philosophy of treatment and surgical planning for the rheumatoid arthritis
      patient with hand deformities has been outlined. The surgeon should select
      procedures that are reliable and that will build confidence in the patient. The
      surgical goals are pain relief, improved function, prevention of further
      deformity, and cosmesis. The techniques of several surgical procedures advocated
      by the authors are described and they represent the continuum of bone and joint
      procedures from the past to the present.

PMID- 3698478
TI  - Hand rehabilitation--today and looking ahead.

PMID- 3698479
TI  - Microsurgery--looking ahead.
AB  - The evolving areas of microsurgery pertinent to hand surgery are briefly
      described and outlined. The spectacular developments in the recent past are
      merely glimpses of what may yet be ahead for hand surgery. This is illustrated by
      a science fiction story of the management of an amputation injury in outer space
      in which many of the currently evolving technologies are employed.

PMID- 3698480
TI  - Kinetics of glycosylated haemoglobin in uraemia determined on ion-exchange and
      affinity chromatography: no increase in the rate of glycosylation.
AB  - The haemoglobin glycosylation in uraemia was studied by determination of labile
      and stable HbA1 in patients and by kinetical experiments in vitro. The influence
      of uraemia on stable and labile HbA1 was investigated in a clinical study of 32
      non-diabetic and 20 diabetic patients with uraemia compared with controls.
      Glycosylated haemoglobin (GHb) was determined with ion-exchange chromatography
      (IEC). A highly significant elevation of stable as well as labile HbA1 was found
      in uraemic non-diabetics and of stable HbA1 in uraemic diabetics. This elevation
      was not related to blood glucose level. Labile HbA1 does not significantly affect
      the increased total level of GHb. An in vitro study using IEC and affinity gel
      chromatography on erythrocytes sequentially incubated in glucose and saline
      showed identical kinetics of GHb formation and elimination in uraemic and in non
      uraemic patients. No indication of changed glycosylation by the uraemia was
      found.

PMID- 3698481
TI  - Increased blood viscosity in diabetic proliferative retinopathy.
AB  - Blood rheology and haemostasis were assessed in 18 diabetics with proliferative
      retinopathy and in 18 diabetics without proliferative retinopathy, matched for
      age, sex, smoking habit and type, duration and treatment of diabetes.
      Proliferative retinopathy was associated with significantly higher levels of
      blood viscosity at high and low shear rates, which were related to higher levels
      of plasma viscosity and fibrinogen. Blood urea, glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin
      and white cell count were also significantly higher, whereas haematocrit, red
      cell deformability and several other haematological and biochemical variables did
      not differ significantly in the 2 groups. In view of these findings, and of our
      recent demonstration that increased blood viscosity also exists in those patients
      with retinal vein occlusion who develop a similar proliferative retinopathy, we
      suggest that hyperviscosity may contribute to retinal ischaemia and hence
      proliferative retinopathy.

PMID- 3698482
TI  - Factors influencing neonatal morbidity in diabetic pregnancy.
AB  - The influence on neonatal morbidity of factors such as maternal duration of
      diabetes, third trimester blood glucose control, gestational age at delivery,
      mode of delivery, and hypertension in pregnancy was analyzed in 92 consecutive
      diabetic pregnancies (White B35, C22, D26, F9). In a subgroup of 52 diabetic
      pregnancies the analysis was extended to the influence of hemoglobin A1c at the
      start and end of pregnancy, blood glucose control during delivery, and fetal
      insulin secretion at birth. The infants were divided into 3 groups according to
      the degree of neonatal morbidity: either no (n = 37), minor (n = 27), or severe
      morbidity (n = 28). There were no significant differences between the groups with
      no and minor morbidity. Compared to the no-morbidity group, the group with severe
      morbidity had significantly longer duration of maternal diabetes (p less than
      0.05), shorter gestational age at delivery (p less than 0.025), higher frequency
      of cesarean section (p less than 0.05), and higher frequency of toxicosis (p less
      than 0.01). The 3 groups did not differ significantly with regard to maternal
      blood glucose control during pregnancy and delivery. Discriminant analysis
      revealed that the most significant (p less than 0.001) influence on severe
      morbidity came from gestational age at delivery. After correction for this
      factor, there were no other factors with a significant influence on severe
      morbidity. Within the actual range (mean values 3.9-8.5 mmol/l), blood glucose
      control during the third trimester had no significant influence on morbidity.

PMID- 3698483
TI  - Influence of glucose on collagen and protein production in cultured human skin
      fibroblasts from diabetic and non-diabetic subjects.
AB  - The effect of glucose on extracellular production of collagen and protein was
      studied in cultured human skin fibroblasts. Fibroblasts from 8 non-diabetics, 8
      type 1 and 12 type 2 diabetic subjects were cultured. Incorporation of tritium
      labeled proline into medium collagen and protein was studied at glucose
      concentration 1-7 mg/ml (5.6-38.9 mM). A 75% increase in collagen production was
      noted by cells from type 1 diabetics at glucose concentration of 5 mg/ml, as
      compared to 1 mg/ml. A considerably lower although significant increase was also
      noted at this level by cells from non-diabetics. Glucose had no effect on
      collagen and minimal on protein production by cells from type 2 diabetic
      subjects. The results indicate an effect of glucose on extracellular matrix
      formation in diabetes mellitus which might be relevant for diabetic angiopathy.

PMID- 3698484
TI  - Glucose metabolism in the obese hyperglycaemic (C57B1/6 ob/ob) mouse: the effects
      of fasting on glucose turnover rates.
AB  - Rates of glucose turnover and of glucose-carbon recycling in fed and fasted
      C57B1/6 ob/ob mice were measured using D-[6(-3)H/U-14C]-glucose. In both the fed
      and fasted state, obese mice had significantly higher blood glucose
      concentrations than their lean littermates. This hyperglycaemia was a consequence
      of elevated rates of glucose synthesis and of glucose-lactate (Cori cycle)
      recycling.

PMID- 3698485
TI  - Placental glycogen accumulation and maternal-fetal metabolic responses in
      hyperglycaemic non-diabetic rats.
AB  - The effect of maternal hyperglycaemia on glycogen and triglyceride accumulation
      in the feto-placental unit of non-diabetic rats was studied. Hyperglycaemia was
      induced by continuous infusion of a 400 g/l glucose solution at the rate of 2-4
      g/hr/kg, from day 18.5-20.5 of gestation. Hyperglycaemic mothers were
      hyperinsulinaemic; their fetuses were hyperglycaemic but their insulin levels
      were comparable with those of control pregnant rats (infused with a 50 g/l
      glucose solution at the same rate). Fetal pancreas insulin content in the
      hyperglycaemic fetuses was pronouncedly reduced. The hyperglycaemia produced an
      approximately 2-fold increase in placental glycogen content in association with
      increased activities of placental glycogen synthase and phosphorylase. Maternal
      serum triglycerides fell concomitant with the hyperglycaemia. Placental
      triglyceride content of hyperglycaemic rats did not change significantly, whereas
      up to a 2-fold increase in maternal and fetal liver triglyceride concentration
      was observed. There was no change in fetal and placental weight. Since we have
      shown previously an increase in both placental glycogen and triglycerides in
      diabetic rats with hyperglycaemia, concomitant with elevation of plasma
      triglycerides and free fatty acids, the present experiments demonstrate that
      these 2 factors causing placental glycogen and triglyceride accumulation can be
      dissociated. On the other hand, maternal and fetal liver triglycerides accumulate
      in the hyperglycaemic rats probably as a result of local de vovo lipogenesis.

PMID- 3698486
TI  - [Possibilities in using a specific pulse sequence (interlocking sequence) to
      improve the specificity in NMR tomography].
AB  - Methods and possibilities of application of a doubled and interlaced pulse
      sequence ("interlaced sequence") are discussed. This makes it possible to perform
      contrast variations and pulse sequence variations subsequently, as well as to
      determine the parameters proton density, T1 and T2. The selectivity of the
      combination of all three parameters for tissue classification is demonstrated by
      means of an individual case and seems to promise a higher specificity of MR
      tomography.

PMID- 3698487
TI  - [NMR Tomography of the penis].
AB  - The magnetic resonance tomogram visualises the corpus spongiosum, the corpora
      cavernosa, the fascia penis profunda, the septum and the dorsal vein of the
      penis. These structures can be separated from the skin and from the glans penis.
      Changes of shape are still the essential criteria of assessment. At present it
      does not seem possible to be able to differentiate between diseased and healthy
      areas if the connective tissue structures of the penis (e.g. in induratio penis
      plastica) do not show any change of shape. Compared with other imaging methods,
      imaging on different levels offers advantages, and so does the simultaneous
      imaging of the structures of the penis, of its environment and of the adjacent
      organs. We can assume that the magnetic resonance tomogram will supply essential
      additional information for clinical diagnosis and practice in conditions like
      induratio penis plastica, intersexuality, tumours of the prostate gland, and in
      postoperative follow-up, for example after surgery for priapism.

PMID- 3698488
TI  - [Value of computed tomography in acute adrenal failure].
AB  - Three patients with acute adrenal insufficiency of different causes are
      presented. In all three cases the adrenals were grossly enlarged and showed
      additional more specific changes that made a definite CT diagnosis possible in
      spite of the fact that clinical signs were rather non-specific in two of the
      three cases.

PMID- 3698489
TI  - The 10-day recommendation.

PMID- 3698490
TI  - Radionuclide imaging of epithelial ovarian tumours with 123I-labelled monoclonal
      antibody (H317) specific for placental-type alkaline phosphatase.
AB  - A murine monoclonal antibody, H317, specific for placental-type alkaline
      phosphatase was labelled with 123I and assessed as an imaging agent using a gamma
      camera computer system in 18 patients suspected of possible recurrent or
      metastatic ovarian cancer 1-4 years after removal of the primary tumour. Four
      patterns of distribution were visible: (1) normal uptake; (2) focal accumulation;
      (3) diffuse uptake; and (4) 'cold' areas. Six patients, five of whom were
      clinically negative for ovarian cancer, had normal scans; 11 patients, eight of
      whom were clinically positive, had increased uptake. One patient had visibly
      'cold' areas. Findings were confirmed, where possible, at surgery.

PMID- 3698491
TI  - High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in children.
AB  - Magnetic resonance image quality in infants and children has been improved by the
      use of spherical receiver coils and age-adjusted sequences allowing use of a high
      resolution (256 X 256) image reconstruction matrix, provided adequate
      immobilisation is maintained. This increased resolution provides more
      satisfactory demonstration of the cortical mantle and details of sulci, as well
      as pathological processes such as periventricular oedema, infarction and tumours.

PMID- 3698492
TI  - Assessment of bone age: a comparison of the Greulich and Pyle, and the Tanner and
      Whitehouse methods.
AB  - A comparison of two methods of bone-age estimation has been made using the hand
      and wrist radiographs of 66 boys and 58 girls. An estimate made using the
      specialist auxological technique of Tanner and Whitehouse was compared with three
      separate estimates obtained by the atlas matching method of Greulich and Pyle
      (1971). Two of the latter estimates were carried out by two dedicated
      radiologists whose results showed close agreement. The third estimate made using
      the Greulich and Pyle method was derived from the routine reports of a number of
      radiologists at initial presentation. Only in one narrow age-range for girls was
      there a significant inter-observer difference, and the reasons for this are
      discussed. Estimates made using the method of Greulich and Pyle were younger than
      those made using that of Tanner and Whitehouse. There was a linear relationship
      between the two methods for the boys but not for the girls. It is suggested that
      atlas matching methods still have a valuable place in non-specialist hospitals
      concerned with initial diagnosis rather than with the long-term care of growth
      problems.

PMID- 3698493
TI  - Evaluation of the Singh index and femoral calcar width as epidemiological methods
      for measuring bone mass in the femoral neck.
AB  - Epidemiological research into the causes of osteoporosis requires a validated
      radiological measure of bone mass. Ashing studies were carried out on 62 excised
      femoral heads, and a positive correlation was demonstrated between the weight to
      volume ratio of the ash and two radiological indices in the contralateral femoral
      neck: the Singh grade and the femoral calcar width. The repeatability and right
      left concordance of the Singh grading method was also assessed. It is concluded
      that these radiological indices will provide useful epidemiological tools for the
      measurement of bone mass in the proximal femur.

PMID- 3698494
TI  - Coronary angioplasty: a comparison of direct measurement and subjective
      assessment of angiographic narrowing.
AB  - Systematic differences in the assessment by two methods of the severity of
      coronary artery stenosis were evaluated in 38 patients having coronary
      angioplasty. The cine angiograms obtained before and after 45 angioplasty
      procedures and, in 23 of the patients, at the time of a further investigation
      several months later, were assessed by direct manual measurement of the dilated
      stenoses and by simple reading of the radiographs. Comparison was made of the
      most severe estimates of vessel narrowing obtained from any of the projections
      recorded. No significant difference was found between the estimates of the
      severity of narrowing in 45 vessels examined immediately before angioplasty and
      in 23 vessels studied again several months after an initially successful
      dilatation. However, in the 45 vessels examined immediately following angioplasty
      there was a tendency for the results of direct measurement of stenosis severity
      to be greater than those of subjective assessment. These results suggest that in
      patients having coronary angioplasty the manual measurement of stenosis severity
      from coronary angiograms is unlikely to add clinically useful information to that
      obtained from the reading of the radiographs by experienced and informed
      observers.

PMID- 3698495
TI  - Superior vena caval abnormalities: their occurrence rate, associated cardiac
      abnormalities and angiographic classification in a paediatric population with
      congenital heart disease.
AB  - Angiography of the superior systemic veins was performed on 510 patients with
      congenital heart disease. An analysis of these angiograms was carried out and a
      simple angiographic classification of superior vena caval anomalies is presented.
      Eleven per cent of cases had complete bilateral superior vena cavae, a frequency
      of occurrence higher than that previously reported. An analysis of associated
      congenital heart lesions revealed a higher than average association of bilateral
      superior vena cavae with atrioventricular septal defects and double-outlet right
      ventricle, but this was seen rarely in cases of transposition of the great
      arteries. Bilateral superior vena cavae also occurred very frequently (72%) in
      patients with situs abnormalities. Femoral vein catheterisation is likely to
      facilitate diagnosis and appropriate radiological signs are discussed.

PMID- 3698496
TI  - The role of computed tomography in acute and subacute mediastinitis.
AB  - Acute and subacute infection in the mediastinum, though rare, is associated with
      a substantial mortality which increases with delay in diagnosis. The conventional
      radiographic and computed tomographic studies of 14 patients with proven
      infective mediastinitis were reviewed in an attempt to identify their relative
      roles in its diagnosis. Signs of infection demonstrated by computed tomography
      (CT) included abscess formation, mediastinal masses, soft tissue collections
      contiguous with other infected compartments and areas of diffuse mediastinal
      infiltration with fat plane loss without prominent lymphadenopathy. The anatomy
      and extent of the infection was well delineated by CT in all patients. In nine
      cases this information affected clinical management, facilitating percutaneous
      drainage of the abscess in three. In five patients, information from CT did not
      alter clinical management.

PMID- 3698497
TI  - Digital vascular imaging of neck veins for the insertion of chronic venous access
      catheters.
AB  - A new technique using standard radiological methods, non-ionic contrast material
      coupled with digital subtraction angiography, has allowed reliable imaging of the
      external jugular veins, with high patient acceptability and no complications.
      This has enabled easier surgical insertion of chronic venous access catheters.

PMID- 3698498
TI  - Incidence of pulmonary nodules detected by computed tomography in patients with
      bronchial carcinoma.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) is more sensitive in detecting pulmonary nodules than
      conventional chest radiography. The incidence of pulmonary nodules on thoracic CT
      scans, not visible on chest radiographs, in patients with small-cell carcinoma of
      the bronchus (SCCB) was 27%, and in patients with non-small-cell carcinoma (non
      SCCB) the incidence was 28%. Some of these nodules may be malignant. This has
      implications for the surgical staging of patients with lung cancer in the United
      Kingdom, where there is a lower incidence of benign granulomatous nodules than in
      the USA.

PMID- 3698499
TI  - Small bowel masses due to gallstones: report of two cases.
AB  - Two patients are described with solitary small bowel masses due to gallstones.
      Radiographs showed evidence of choledocho-duodenal fistula formation. Even when a
      study with contrast medium is intended primarily for the examination of the small
      intestine, a solitary intraluminal mass should direct attention to the duodenal
      loop where evidence of a fistula should be sought.

PMID- 3698500
TI  - Computed tomography in untreated adults with virilizing congenital adrenal
      cortical hyperplasia.
AB  - Thirteen adult patients with biochemically proven congenital adrenal hyperplasia
      (CAH) were examined by computed tomography (CT). Six patients had never received
      glucocorticoid therapy. In three of those six patients, CT revealed a tumorous
      transformation in one of the hyperplastic adrenal glands. In the seven patients
      with CAH who were treated since childhood, no mass could be demonstrated on CT.
      The development of an adrenocortical tumour due to chronic adrenal cortical
      stimulation by excessive adreno-cortico-trophic hormone (ACTH) production in
      adult patients with untreated CAH may not be a rare occurrence, as is
      demonstrated in this series. It is important not to confuse this entity with a
      primary virilizing adrenal tumour which requires a different form of treatment.
      In case of tumorous transformation in untreated adults with CAH, suppressive
      therapy with CT control should be favoured over surgery, as long as the tumour is
      ACTH-dependent. Moreover, these observations illustrate the desirability of
      lifelong glucocorticoid therapy in patients with CAH, including adult males who
      biochemically may not require suppression of steroid androgen excess.

PMID- 3698501
TI  - The effect on fertility, libido and sexual function of post-operative
      radiotherapy and chemotherapy for cancer of the testicle.
AB  - Forty-six patients treated with post-operative radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy
      for cancer of the testicle were investigated to study the effect of this adjuvant
      treatment on fertility, potency and libido. In general, no change occurred in
      either libido or potency, even when the remaining testis was atrophic. The post
      operative treatment was the cause of sterility in 17 patients known to be
      previously fertile. An atrophic testis after treatment denotes irreversible
      sterility. Current methods of shielding to protect the normal testis using a
      cobalt beam are unsatisfactory, and consideration should be given to treating all
      such patients on a linear accelerator. When normal fertility is retained there is
      no contraindication to parenthood. No evidence of increased abnormality has been
      found in any baby born to a man treated for testicular cancer.

PMID- 3698502
TI  - The treatment of carcinoma of the cervix and poor-risk endometrial carcinoma
      using the Cathetron at the Middlesex Hospital: experience since 1979.
AB  - This study reports on 5 years experience of the treatment of carcinoma of the
      cervix and poor-risk carcinoma of the body of the uterus using a combination of
      external beam radiotherapy and high-dose-rate intracavitary 60Co-brachytherapy
      using the Cathetron since 1979 at the Middlesex Hospital, London. Despite a
      reduction in external beam dose of 20% since 1979, survival rates for both
      diseases remain unchanged and also compare favourably with those of other
      centres; they are 70.02% for carcinoma of the cervix of all stages except Ia, and
      81.17% for 'poor-risk' carcinoma of body of uterus of all stages. The
      complication rates were acceptable. Analysis of the results of treatment by stage
      of disease in those patients with carcinoma of the cervix revealed that, except
      for Stage I cases, the results were comparable with those reported in the
      literature. The reason for the poor results in Stage I was found to be due to the
      high proportion of patients of 35 years of age and under with Stage I disease who
      fared significantly worse than older patients.

PMID- 3698503
TI  - Results of intracavitary radium treatment for adenocarcinoma of the body of the
      uterus.
AB  - Between 1965 and 1970, 160 inoperable patients with adenocarcinoma of the
      endometrium were treated using intracavitary radium alone. Patients were given
      either two insertions (7500 cGy stated dose over 10 days), or one insertion (5000
      cGy stated dose over 4 days) depending on their general condition. The FIGO stage
      and histological degree of differentiation had a significant influence on
      survival. Most patients had Stage 1 disease; 5-year and 10-year corrected
      survival for those having two insertions was 73% and 62% respectively, compared
      with 58% and 34% respectively for those having a single insertion (p less than
      0.015). The primary tumour control rate was greater using two insertions (77%)
      than with a single insertion (67%). Treatment morbidity was low. In this selected
      group of patients, intracavitary radium using a central intrauterine line source
      and vaginal ovoids produced results comparable with other reported radiotherapy
      techniques.

PMID- 3698504
TI  - Post-operative radiotherapy in the management of advanced intra-oral cancers.
AB  - Advanced tumours of the tongue and floor of the mouth have a poor prognosis when
      treated by surgery or radiotherapy alone. The results reported here suggest that
      combined surgery and radical post-operative radiotherapy greatly improve the
      outlook for such patients. When the oral cavity is irradiated, both parotids
      usually receive a radical dose resulting in xerostomia. In this study, shaped
      fields are used to spare the contralateral parotid, thus minimising the reduction
      in saliva production. Previously, radical surgery of oral tumours left the
      patient deformed. Plastic surgery techniques of reconstruction using radial free
      flaps give excellent cosmetic results. Radial free flaps have their own blood
      supply and tolerate a radical dose of radiotherapy.

PMID- 3698505
TI  - The treatment of malignant tumours of the maxillary antrum.
AB  - The problems involved in the treatment of malignant tumours of the maxillary
      antrum are described and the need for a disciplined approach emphasised. The
      overall crude 5-year survival rate for this series of 43 cases was 49%. For the
      34 patients suffering from carcinoma the rate was 44%. It is suggested that
      primary surgery be avoided because in the 23 cases treated by radiotherapy before
      major surgery the 5-year crude survival rate was 60.8%.

PMID- 3698506
TI  - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a survey from a district general hospital.
AB  - We report a retrospective survey of 167 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
      (NHL) seen at a district general hospital between 1 August 1971 and 1 August
      1983. Details of their clinical presentation, histology, therapy, response rates
      and survival are presented. The patient population reported is generally older
      than that seen at specialist centres and has a greater proportion of tumours with
      low-grade histology. Whereas specialist centres see a pre-selected population of
      patients, our data may be from a more representative group and this gives a truer
      incidence of this disease in the general population. The remission rates and
      overall survival of our patients are comparable to those achieved at specialist
      centres. We conclude that it is both feasible and desirable for patients with NHL
      to be assessed and treated in a district general hospital with a radiotherapy
      department.

PMID- 3698507
TI  - Treatment of stages II, III and IV primary surface epithelial ovarian cancers by
      maximum bulk tumour reduction and combined chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide,
      doxorubicin and cisplatin.
AB  - Forty-six patients with Stages II, III and IV ovarian cancer received treatment
      with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and cisplatin. Patient response to therapy was
      assessed 6 weeks after the cessation of therapy. Thirty-three patients (72%) were
      in complete response and six (13%) had a partial response to treatment. No
      relationship was found between the age of the patient, histologic type or grade
      of tumour and survival, although stage and initial debulking were important.
      Treatment had to be discontinued in 11 patients because of progression of the
      disease or serious side-effects. The probability of survival beyond 24 months for
      all patients was 71% and the mean survival overall was 32 months.

PMID- 3698508
TI  - Case report. Infiltrative fibromatosis: a rare cause of fatal haemorrhage.
AB  - A case of infiltrative fibromatosis in a 25-year-old man is described. This is a
      rare, recurring tumour most commonly seen in the shoulder and pelvic girdles,
      whose behaviour seems to justify the opinion that it is a non-metastasizing, low
      grade fibrosarcoma.

PMID- 3698509
TI  - Blood flow in skeletal muscle of tetraplegic man during postural changes.
AB  - Relative changes in blood flow and vascular resistance in arm and leg muscle
      during head-up tilt at 45 degrees were studied in eight patients with complete
      cervical spinal cord transection and in 13 healthy volunteers. Muscle blood flow
      was measured by the local 133Xe washout method. In forearm muscle kept at heart
      level blood flow remained constant in the tetraplegic patients during head-up
      tilt, in contrast to that seen in the normal subjects, where blood flow decreased
      by 30%. In the dependent leg muscle, head-up tilt caused a decrease in blood flow
      of 46% and 40% in the patients and normals, respectively. Abolition of the local
      veno-arteriolar axon reflex, by inducing local counter-pressure to prevent venous
      distension in the dependent leg muscle, reduced the decrease in blood flow to 24%
      and 23%, respectively. Thus, the vascular response to head-up tilt differed
      significantly in forearm muscle between the two groups, whereas no difference was
      seen in the leg muscle. The absence of the vasoconstrictor response in forearm
      muscle indicates that postural sympathetic reflexes to this region depend on
      sympathetic reflexes integrated in centres located rostrally to the spinal cord.
      The results further suggest that local veno-arteriolar axon reflexes as well as
      spinal reflexes contribute to the observed vasoconstriction in the leg muscle.

PMID- 3698510
TI  - Eel calcitonin suppresses plasma human calcitonin levels in medullary carcinoma
      of the thyroid.
AB  - The effects of synthetic [Asu1,7]-eel calcitonin (0.5 MRC unit/kg body weight
      intravenously for 30 min) on circulating levels of human calcitonin, calcium and
      gastrin were investigated in five patients with medullary carcinoma of the
      thyroid. Blood samples were obtained before and 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 min
      after commencement of infusion of [Asu1,7]-eel calcitonin. Plasma levels of human
      calcitonin were measured by radioimmunoassay. Cross-reactivity with [Asu1,7]-eel
      calcitonin in this assay was negligible. On infusion of [Asu1,7]-eel calcitonin,
      the mean plasma level of human calcitonin decreased significantly to 71.0 +/-
      8.7% of the basal level (mean +/- SEM, P less than 0.05) after 30 min and 68.4 +/
      25.4% of the basal level (P less than 0.05) after 60 min. The serum calcium
      level also decreased significantly, but lagged behind the decrease of human
      calcitonin, being 95.1 +/- 0.7% of the basal level (P less than 0.01) at 120 min
      and 94.8 +/- 0.6% of the basal level (P less than 0.02) at 180 min. The mean
      plasma gastrin level did not change significantly on infusion of [Asu1,7]-eel
      calcitonin. In pooled data for all times, the percentage change in human
      calcitonin was not significantly correlated with either the percentage change in
      calcium (r = -0.25, P greater than 0.1) or the percentage change in gastrin (r = 
      0.38, P greater than 0.1).

PMID- 3698512
TI  - Plasma extracellular superoxide dismutase and erythrocyte Cu,Zn-containing
      superoxide dismutase in alcoholics treated with disulfiram.
AB  - Disulfiram has long been used in the treatment of chronic alcoholism. It is in
      vivo partially reduced to diethyldithiocarbamate, which is an efficient inhibitor
      of Cu,Zn-containing superoxide dismutase both in vitro and in vivo. The recently
      described extracellular superoxide dismutase is even more sensitive to
      diethyldithiocarbamate than Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase. To test for the
      possibility that long term treatment with disulfiram leads to inhibiton of the
      superoxide dismutases, plasma extracellular superoxide dismutase and erythrocyte
      Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase were determined in 12 disulfiram-treated alcoholics,
      and compared with 11 non-treated alcoholics and 19 healthy controls. Plasma
      extracellular superoxide dismutase was moderately reduced (about 20%) in the
      disulfiram-treated alcoholics as compared with the non-treated alcoholics and the
      healthy controls. No effect of disulfiram treatment on erythrocyte Cu,Zn
      superoxide dismutase activity was demonstrated.

PMID- 3698511
TI  - Effect of low dose adrenaline and noradrenaline infusions on airway calibre in
      asthmatic patients.
AB  - Airway, cardiovascular and metabolic responses were measured in six asthmatic
      patients with stable asthma during separate adrenaline, noradrenaline and control
      infusions. Four incremental infusion rates (4, 10, 25 and 62.5 ng min-1 kg-1)
      produced circulating catecholamine concentrations within the physiological range.
      Specific airways conductance and maximal expiratory flow rates measured from
      complete and partial flow-volume curves increased significantly (P less than
      0.05) during adrenaline infusion, in a dose-response manner. No changes in
      specific airways conductance or maximal expiratory flow rates were seen during
      the noradrenaline or control infusion. The highest adrenaline infusion rate
      caused a rise in systolic blood pressure (P less than 0.05) and plasma glucose (P
      less than 0.05) and a fall in plasma potassium (P less than 0.05). Noradrenaline
      infusion caused a slight increase in diastolic blood pressure (P less than 0.05)
      but no metabolic changes. No cardiovascular or metabolic changes occurred during
      the control infusion. Infused adrenaline, producing circulating concentrations
      within the physiological range, caused dose-related bronchodilatation in
      asthmatic patients. Circulating noradrenaline does not appear to have a role in
      the control of basal airway tone in asthmatic patients.

PMID- 3698513
TI  - Effect of noradrenaline, vasopressin and angiotensin II on renal prostaglandins
      in man.
AB  - To examine the response of renal prostaglandins (PG) to systemic and renal
      vasoconstriction noradrenaline (NA), arginine vasopressin (AVP) and angiotensin
      II (ANG II) were each infused into eight healthy female subjects for 3 h on
      different days. Urinary excretion of PGE2, PGF2 alpha and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was
      determined hourly. NA and ANG II stimulated excretion of PGF2 alpha
      significantly, but not of PGE2 or 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. AVP stimulated renal PGF2
      alpha and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha significantly, but not PGE2. A weak correlation was
      found between urinary PGF2 alpha and diastolic blood pressure during NA and ANG
      II infusions, but not during AVP infusion. The release of renal PG does not
      appear to constitute an obligatory and concomitant response to the blood pressure
      rise induced by the pressor agonists. The greater response of PGF2 alpha than of
      PGE2 may result from a preferential direct effect on PGF2 alpha secretion or from
      an increased conversion of PGE2 into F2 alpha.

PMID- 3698514
TI  - The effect of chronic hydrochlorothiazide administration on renal function in the
      rat.
AB  - Hydrochlorothiazide was administered at two doses to Long-Evans rats for 7-10
      days. Both doses resulted in an initial natriuresis and diuresis. After 1 day of
      treatment the natriuresis abated, but the diuresis persisted. The mechanisms
      responsible for these chronic effects were investigated by performing clearance
      and micropuncture studies on all animals; collections were made from late
      proximal tubules and from early and late regions of distal tubules. Values for
      total glomerular filtration rate and single-nephron filtration rate in thiazide
      treated rats were not significantly different from those in control animals. The
      delivery of sodium to the end of the proximal convoluted tubule was considerably
      reduced in each group of thiazide-treated rats. Although sodium delivery to the
      early distal tubule was also significantly lower than in control animals, the
      difference had disappeared by the late distal tubule. It is concluded that the
      return of sodium excretion to control levels during chronic hydrochlorothiazide
      administration is a consequence of increased fractional reabsorption by the
      proximal tubules, secondary to a thiazide-induced sodium depletion. This results
      in less sodium being delivered to the nephron site at which thiazides exert their
      major inhibitory effect. Fluid delivery to the end of the proximal convoluted
      tubule and to the early distal tubule was significantly reduced in thiazide
      treated rats; in animals given the higher dose of diuretic it was also
      significantly reduced at the end of the distal tubule. Nevertheless, in both
      thiazide-treated groups urine flow rate was elevated, suggesting that
      reabsorption of water from the collecting ducts is reduced during chronic
      thiazide administration.

PMID- 3698515
TI  - Metabolic rate after massive weight loss in human obesity.
AB  - Resting metabolic rate, measured by the ventilated hood technique in 11 obese
      subjects before weight loss was 6.5 +/- 0.3 kJ/min, not significantly different
      from the value predicted by regression equations relating metabolic rate to body
      weight (established from measurements in 106 subjects). After 34.5 kg mean weight
      loss, and during continued dieting, resting metabolic rate fell an average of 25%
      to 5.0 +/- 0.18 kJ/min, significantly below that predicted for the new slimmed
      weight. The fall in metabolic rate, over and above that expected from weight loss
      alone, suggests that the slimmed obese are hypometabolic compared with subjects
      of the same weight who have not lost weight. The failure of the slimmed obese to
      maintain their weight loss is unlikely to be due solely to this excessive fall in
      resting metabolic rate, since they still had quantitatively higher energy
      expenditure than lean subjects.

PMID- 3698516
TI  - Nicotine does not cause 'bronchitis' in the rat.
AB  - Nicotine is of interest as a major constituent of cigarette smoke and as an
      additive to chewing gum used to help patients to stop smoking. Specific pathogen
      free rats were given an aerosol or injections of nicotine hydrogen (+)tartrate (L
      isomer) for 2 or 3 weeks at three doses and the number of secretory cells in the
      surface epithelium of airways was determined. By aerosol, a dose giving 10 ng of
      nicotine/ml of plasma had no effect on secretory cell number. By injection,
      nicotine had a 'bi-phasic' effect depending on dose: it reduced secretory cell
      number at plasma concentrations of 650 ng/ml of plasma or increased it at 2360
      ng/ml of plasma. Thus nicotine alone, given to rats at doses similar to those
      found in cigarette smokers and those who chew nicotine gum, does not cause
      secretory cell hyperplasia in the conducting airways of the rat.

PMID- 3698517
TI  - Differences in age-independent effects of blood pressure on baroreflex
      sensitivity between normal and hypertensive subjects.
AB  - Inter-relationship between age, systolic blood pressure and baroreflex
      sensitivity index derived from the Valsalva manoeuvre was investigated in either
      combined or separated groups of normal and hypertensive subjects. Both in the
      total population as a whole and in each blood pressure subgroup, the baroreflex
      sensitivity index was significantly inversely related to age and to systolic
      blood pressure. Furthermore, age was significantly related to systolic blood
      pressure except in the hypertensive group. Partial correlation analysis showed
      that, in the total and hypertensive population, the baroreflex sensitivity index
      was significantly related to age and systolic blood pressure independently of
      each other variable. In the normal group, however, the baroreflex sensitivity
      index was not related to systolic blood pressure after adjusting for the effect
      of age, but remained significantly related to age independently of systolic blood
      pressure. The estimates of relative effects of the two variables on baroreflex
      sensitivity by multiple regression analysis were consistent with these results.
      Thus a prevailing concept of the inhibitory effect of blood pressure on
      baroreflex function may be accurate exclusively in hypertensive patients, and
      baroreflex function appears to be more sensitive to age-related changes in this
      system than to those related to blood pressure level, particularly in non
      hypertensive normal subjects.

PMID- 3698518
TI  - Stimulus-induced release of endogenous catecholamines from human washed
      platelets.
AB  - Using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection, we
      have studied the release of endogenous catecholamines from washed platelets
      induced to aggregate by ADP and thrombin. Washed platelets exhibit irreversible
      aggregation with 10 mumol/l ADP and 0.3 unit of thrombin/ml, extents of
      aggregation being 27% and 76% respectively. ADP (10 mumol/l) increased
      noradrenaline release to the medium by 20% and adrenaline by 28%. As observed
      with aggregation, 0.3 unit of thrombin/ml produced a more marked effect on
      release than ADP, noradrenaline and adrenaline being increased by 570% and 169%
      respectively. Values for platelet noradrenaline content were found to mirror
      those for the release from platelets induced by thrombin. A correlation was
      observed between catecholamine release and the concentration of thrombin present
      in incubations. These data reflect the changes observed with platelet
      aggregation. This is the first study to determine catecholamine release from
      platelets by direct measurement. Local catecholamine release after platelet
      aggregation in vivo may have important consequences for tissue perfusion.

PMID- 3698519
TI  - Sympathetic reflex control of subcutaneous blood flow in patients with congestive
      heart failure.
AB  - Central and local regulation of forearm subcutaneous vascular resistance (FSVR)
      during postural changes were studied in congestive heart failure (CHF). Blood
      flow was measured by the local 133Xe-washout technique. Nine patients with severe
      CHF (baseline angiographic ejection fraction, 23 +/- 2%, mean +/- SEM; cardiac
      index, 2.2 +/- 0.2 litres min-1 m-2; increased left ventricular pressures and
      dimensions) were compared with seven control subjects who had normal cardiac
      performance. Baseline FSVR and plasma concentrations of noradrenaline and
      adrenaline were substantially higher in patients with CHF than control subjects.
      However, the patients, like control subjects, increased FSVR by 46 +/- 3% in
      response to increase in local venous transmural pressure and disclosed a normal
      response to decrease in forearm perfusion pressure. Both responses to changes in
      vascular transmural pressure were preserved after either proximal nervous
      blockade or local beta-receptor blockade. Central sympathetic stimulation was
      induced with use of 45 degrees upright tilt. Control subjects developed
      vasoconstriction (FSVR increased by 59 +/- 5%), which was completely abolished
      after proximal nerve blockade. Patients with CHF developed vasodilatation (FSVR
      decreased by 24 +/- 8%), which was not only abolished but reversed after proximal
      nerve blockade (FSVR increased by 22 +/- 7%), probably owing to the increased
      humoral vasoconstrictor activity. The paradoxical vasodilator response to central
      sympathetic stimulation in these patients was reversed after local beta-receptor
      blockade (FSVR increased by 19 +/- 9%). The local vasoconstrictor reflex
      responsiveness and intrinsic vascular reactivity were not affected by the
      augmented baseline sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity in patients with
      CHF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3698520
TI  - [Use of a combination containing the coenzymes of vitamins B1, B6 and B12 in
      support therapy of alcoholic hepatopathy].

PMID- 3698521
TI  - [Atenolol-nifedipine combination in the therapy of exertion angina. An ergometric
      study].

PMID- 3698522
TI  - [Secondary pseudohyperaldosteronism syndrome].

PMID- 3698523
TI  - [Treatment of constipation with lactulose in acute and chronic hepatopathy].

PMID- 3698524
TI  - [Occupational nephropathies].

PMID- 3698525
TI  - [Premenstrual syndrome].

PMID- 3698526
TI  - [Antibiotics].

PMID- 3698527
TI  - [Limited results in the treatment with salmon calcitonin in subjects with renal
      osteodystrophy].

PMID- 3698528
TI  - [Treatment of chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency: comparison of nimodipine and
      dihydroergotoxine].

PMID- 3698529
TI  - [Methods of diagnosing heart diseases in pregnancy].

PMID- 3698530
TI  - [Keeping the aged active].

PMID- 3698531
TI  - [Prevention of drug addiction].

PMID- 3698532
TI  - [Calcitonin and hemocoagulation homeostasis: an anti-platelet aggregation
      effect].

PMID- 3698533
TI  - [Telethermographic evaluation of orgotein treatment by a mesotherapeutic approach
      in arthro-rheumatic diseases].

PMID- 3698534
TI  - [Treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. The experience with bromocriptine].

PMID- 3698535
TI  - [Changes in plasma levels of theophylline in therapeutic combination with
      cimetidine and ranitidine].

PMID- 3698536
TI  - [Essential value of selenium in the metabolism of living organisms. Its
      preventive role in ischemic cardiopathies and neoplasms].

PMID- 3698537
TI  - [Allergy to drugs in pregnancy].

PMID- 3698538
TI  - [Indications, possibilities and limitations of the radiological examination in
      hypertensive patients].

PMID- 3698539
TI  - The diagnosis of infectious diseases: antigen detection. Ireland, May 1985.

PMID- 3698540
TI  - Clinically expedient reporting of rapid diagnostic test information.
AB  - With the development of rapid diagnostic tests in the clinical microbiology
      laboratory has come an awareness of the importance of rapid results reporting.
      Clearly, the potential clinical impact of rapid diagnostic tests is dependent on
      expeditious reporting. Traditional manual reporting systems are encumbered by the
      necessity of transcription of test information onto hard copy reports and then
      the subsequent distribution of such reports into the hands of the user.
      Laboratory computers when linked directly to CRTs located in nursing stations,
      ambulatory clinics, or physician's offices, both inside and outside of the
      hospital, permit essentially instantaneous transfer of test results from the
      laboratory to the clinician. Computer-assisted results reporting, while
      representing a significant advance over manual reporting systems is not, however,
      without problems. Concerns include validation of test information, authorization
      of users with access to test information, mechanical integrity, and cost. These
      issues notwithstanding, computerized results reporting will undoubtedly play a
      central role in optimizing the clinical impact of rapid diagnostic tests.

PMID- 3698541
TI  - Approaches to the detection of enteric pathogens, including Campylobacter, using
      nucleic acid hybridization.
AB  - A previous study of the detection of Campylobacter jejuni in fecal samples
      spotted directly onto nitrocellulose filters before hybridization revealed a
      relatively low sensitivity and some false-positive results. We have investigated
      two factors that interfere with the detection of Campylobacter jejuni in fecal
      samples: interfering substances that create false-positive background signals and
      nonspecificity of the probe. Heterologous deoxyribonucleic acid probes bound
      nonspecifically to partially extracted fecal samples, indicating that the major
      basis for false-positive background was not due to homologous sequences. The
      problem of false-positive results could be reduced, but not eliminated, by
      extensive deoxyribonucleic acid extraction procedures applied to the clinical
      sample. The relative concentration of protein in each sample may be an important
      contributor to nonspecific binding. Other measures, such as sonication, glass
      bead fragmentation, and column separation, were not helpful. Development of a
      species-specific deoxyribonucleic acid probe derived from sequences encoding 16S
      ribonucleic acid is underway.

PMID- 3698542
TI  - Clinical considerations in the diagnosis of antimicrobial agent-associated
      gastroenteritis.
AB  - Most gastrointestinal infections secondary to the use of antimicrobial agents
      that have been documented are related to overgrowth of Clostridium difficile
      which produces a spectrum from severe pseudomembranous colitis to mild diarrhea
      or asymptomatic carriage. The most common inducers of pseudomembranous colitis or
      antimicrobial agent-associated diarrhea are ampicillin, clindamycin, and various
      cephalosporins, but almost all antimicrobials may cause this problem. Symptoms
      vary from watery to bloody diarrhea; the extent and severity of the diarrhea,
      fever, and abdominal cramps and the incidence of complications (such as toxic
      megacolon and perforation of the bowel) and of fatality are variable. Normal
      carriage of C. difficile in infants and asymptomatic carriage in adults who have
      received antimicrobial therapy make it impossible to rely on culture for
      diagnosis. The presence of cytotoxin or enterotoxin produced by C. difficile is
      much more reliable diagnostically, but there may be false-positives with this as
      well, particularly in infants. However, the combination of the appropriate
      clinical picture and background and presence of toxin usually permit accurate
      diagnosis. The definitive method of diagnosis, often not feasible to employ, is
      demonstration by colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy of the pathognomonic yellow,
      elevated plaques on the colonic mucosa. Colonoscopy is preferred since the
      plaques may be restricted to the right colon, particularly in early cases. From
      the practical standpoint, the best diagnostic test is demonstration of C.
      difficile toxin.

PMID- 3698543
TI  - Semiquantitative cultures of intravascular catheters from cancer patients.
AB  - Three-hundred seventy-nine catheter tips were prospectively cultured by both a
      semiquantitative method and by broth culture, over a 2-month period. One hundred
      eleven of the catheters were culture-positive in broth, and 47 of these were also
      culture-positive by the semiquantitative method. Clinical signs of infection were
      reviewed for the 111 culture-positive catheters and for 50 of the 268 culture
      negative catheters. Both culture-positive and culture-negative catheters were
      infrequently associated with local signs of infection (10% and 12%,
      respectively). Culture-positive catheters, however, were more likely to be
      associated with systemic signs of infection than were culture-negative catheters
      (15% and 2%, respectively). Among the culture-positive catheters, those that
      yielded greater than or equal to 15 colonies on semiquantitative culture were
      more likely to be associated with septicemias than were those with less than 15
      colonies (22% and 6%, respectively). Nevertheless, there were five catheter
      related bacteremias that were associated with catheters which were culture
      negative on semiquantitative culture but culture-positive in broth. The
      proportion of patients with culture-positive and culture-negative catheters who
      were febrile was similar (30% and 42%, respectively). Semiquantitative cultures
      of catheters from cancer patients are useful, but the result should be
      interpreted with some caution.

PMID- 3698544
TI  - In vitro activity of DJ-6783 (a keto carboxylic acid) compared with six other
      orally administered antimicrobial agents.
AB  - DJ-6783 is a new keto carboxylic acid having an expanded antimicrobial activity
      when compared with nalidixic acid or cinoxacin. Its usable activity includes the
      following: Enterobacteriaceae (MIC90, less than or equal to 0.06-4.0
      micrograms/ml), Acinetobacter species (MIC90, 0.25-1.0 microgram/ml), Pseudomonas
      species (MIC90, 1.0-2.0 micrograms/ml), P. aeruginosa (MIC90, 16 micrograms/ml),
      Staphylococcus species (MIC90, 1.0-32 micrograms/ml), Haemophilus influenzae
      (MIC900, less than or equal to 0.06 microgram/ml), and Neisseria species (MIC90
      less than or equal to 0.06 microgram/ml). The Streptococcus species were
      resistant to DL-6783 with MIC50 ranging from 16 to greater than 32 micrograms/ml.
      The drug appears to be bactericidal, minimally influenced by increasing inocula,
      but resistant mutants can be selected by serial subinhibitory concentration
      passages of strains in DJ-6783. The resulting resistant organisms also have
      higher MICs to related drugs such as norfloxacin, cinoxacin, and nalidixic acid.
      DJ-6783 was the most active organic acid not having structural characteristics of
      the fluorinated 4-quinolones.

PMID- 3698545
TI  - Inhibition of human neutrophil bacteriocidal activity by extracellular substance
      from slime-producing Staphylococcus epidermidis.
AB  - The role of slime produced by Staphylococcus epidermidis as a virulence factor
      has been investigated by preincubating human neutrophils in fractions of
      extracellular material from cultures of slime-producing and non-slime-producing
      S. epidermidis. Extracellular product (molecular weight greater than 300,000)
      from slime-producing S. epidermidis did not affect neutrophil phagocytosis but
      did produce a generalized loss of bacteriocidal activity which was not found with
      non-slime-producing S. epidermidis, or broth.

PMID- 3698546
TI  - Comparative activity of SCH 34343 against anaerobic bacteria.
AB  - The in vitro activity of SCH 34343 was compared with that of imipenem,
      clindamycin, cefoxitin, and metronidazole against 78 strains of anaerobic
      bacteria in the presence and absence of blood. Wilkins-Chalgren agar was used.
      SCH 34343 and imipenem were the most active agents, inhibiting all strains at
      less than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml. The addition of blood had little effect on
      the activity of any of the agents. Seven strains were unable to grow on Wilkins
      Chalgren agar. Even with the addition of blood, one strain each of Bacteroides
      asaccharolyticus and Bacteroides bivius and two strains of Fusobacterium were
      unable to grow. Sixty-eight of the strains were tested against SCH 34343 and
      imipenem on Brucella lysed blood agar. Minimal inhibitory concentrations tended
      to be somewhat higher on Brucella lysed blood agar than on Wilkins-Chalgren agar,
      and all strains were able to grow on Brucella lysed blood agar.

PMID- 3698547
TI  - Cefpirome (HR810) disk diffusion susceptibility tests: confirmation of
      interpretive criteria using cefotaxime and cefoperazone-resistant strains and
      effects of blood supplemented media.
AB  - Cefpirome (formerly HR810) is a wide-spectrum, beta-lactamase-stable
      cephalosporin with antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas species,
      Enterobacteriaceae, and gram-positive species. Reevaluation of the 30-microgram
      disk diffusion tests with commercially prepared disks using strains resistant to
      "third generation," cephalosporins confirms the proposed susceptibility
      breakpoint zone of greater than or equal to 18 mm (minimal inhibitory
      concentration correlate, less than or equal to 8.0 micrograms/ml) and the
      resistance breakpoint zone of less than or equal to 14 mm (minimal inhibitory
      concentration correlate, greater than or equal to 32 micrograms/ml). Major and
      minor interpretive errors were only 3.8%, and these errors could be further
      reduced (2.3%) by not testing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus species. The
      addition of 5% sheep blood or chocolated blood to Mueller-Hinton agar slightly
      increased the cefpirome zone diameters (17.7-22.2 mm) for nearly 60% of
      Streptococcus faecalis strains tested.

PMID- 3698548
TI  - Screening for bacteriuria with the LN strip test.
AB  - Recently, the LN strip test was introduced for purposes of rapid screening of
      urine specimens for bacteriuria. The LN strip test permits detection of urinary
      leukocyte esterase and nitrite. A total of 2,481 unselected urine specimens from
      three tertiary care hospitals were examined using the LN strip test and the
      results were compared with those obtained with a conventional quantitative
      culture technique. When the results of the leukocyte esterase and nitrite tests
      were combined, the sensitivity and specificity of the LN strip test were 88.8%
      and 71.3%, respectively, based on culture results of greater than or equal to
      10(5) CFU/ml. Test sensitivity decreased at greater than or equal to 10(4)
      CFU/ml, whereas test specificity increased.

PMID- 3698549
TI  - Comprehensive care of the elderly patient with cancer.

PMID- 3698550
TI  - The psychiatrist's view on economics, depression, and pain.

PMID- 3698551
TI  - Sexuality: advising the older patient.
AB  - The need for sexual expression continues until death. Older patients have been
      erroneously denied these feelings by an uninformed society. As a result, older
      individuals either cease to function sexually or else continue to remain active
      with much needless guilt. The informed and caring physician can do much to
      alleviate this unnecessary suffering. Education of both patients and society is
      needed. The normal physiologic changes that occur need to be explained, as does
      the possibility of alternate means of sexual expression. Of course, the moral
      views of the patient must be considered. If the physician is not comfortable
      discussing problems related to sexuality, then he must be willing to refer the
      patient/couple to someone who is.

PMID- 3698552
TI  - Vulvar dystrophies in geriatric patients.
AB  - The term vulvar dystrophies has received international acceptance and replaces
      the confusing terminology formerly used to describe vulvar epithelial disorders.
      The classification is based on histopathologic features and has provided a more
      rational foundation for the use of specific therapies. The risk of malignant
      change is small and depends on the presence or absence of atypical cells.
      Biopsies are mandatory for diagnosis and therapy. Vulvar dystrophies without
      atypia are benign lesions whose primary treatment is medical.

PMID- 3698554
TI  - Gram-negative bacillary pneumonia.

PMID- 3698553
TI  - The aging kidney.

PMID- 3698555
TI  - Side effects of drugs in the elderly.

PMID- 3698556
TI  - Blastomycosis.

PMID- 3698558
TI  - Anaerobic infections of children.

PMID- 3698557
TI  - Genital herpes: clinical features and treatment.

PMID- 3698559
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of cryptosporidiosis in children.
AB  - Clinicians have only recently become aware that Cryptosporidium is a major human
      pathogen, causing a self-limited gastroenteritis in immunocompetent individuals
      and profound enteropathy in the immunocompromised. Among the immunologically
      intact, children appear more prone to clinically significant cryptosporidiosis
      than do adults. Diagnosis is most easily made by a specialized three-step stool
      examination, but mucosal biopsy may also be necessary to establish the diagnosis.
      Although no satisfactory antibiotic therapy exists today, cases of
      cryptosporidiosis in the community and hospital should be identified in order to
      contain human transmission. Only then can spread from immunocompetent individuals
      to immunodeficient individuals be avoided.

PMID- 3698560
TI  - Nosocomial urinary tract infection.

PMID- 3698561
TI  - Small area analysis: creating an area base for environmental monitoring and
      epidemiological analysis.

PMID- 3698562
TI  - Monitoring perinatal mortality and perinatal care with a national register:
      content and usage of the Danish Medical Birth Register.

PMID- 3698563
TI  - Introducing a healthier diet in a small community hospital.

PMID- 3698564
TI  - Medical ethics and resource allocation in the NHS.

PMID- 3698565
TI  - War planning in the Health Service--a survey of community physicians.

PMID- 3698566
TI  - Control measures for anthrax-contaminated hides.

PMID- 3698567
TI  - Sex discrimination at work?

PMID- 3698568
TI  - A pseudo-epidemic of deaths from mental disorder.

PMID- 3698569
TI  - Women and the environment: a study of congenital limb anomalies.

PMID- 3698570
TI  - Transition from school-based to community-based dental services.

PMID- 3698571
TI  - Anthropometric characteristics, blood pressure and lipoprotein lipids in Fiji:
      comparison of an urban and rural population.

PMID- 3698572
TI  - Mothering deskilled? Australian childrearing and the 'experts'.

PMID- 3698573
TI  - Adult consumption of alcohol in Victoria, 1967-83.

PMID- 3698574
TI  - The dietary patterns of shiftworkers on short rotation shifts.

PMID- 3698575
TI  - Halfway to where? A halfway house for employed alcoholics.

PMID- 3698576
TI  - Commonwealth occupational health and safety policy and practice--a critique.

PMID- 3698577
TI  - Politics and pitfalls in evaluation.

PMID- 3698578
TI  - Reexamination of spectral mechanisms in the rat (Rattus norvegicus).
AB  - The spectral mechanisms of the rat were studied in electrophysiological and
      behavioral experiments. The photopic electroretinogram (ERG) was recorded (a) to
      rapidly flickering lights, (b) during the cone phase of dark adaptation, and (c)
      with a flicker photometric procedure. Each procedure indicated the presence of a
      single cone mechanism having a lambda max of about 510 nm. Increment-threshold
      spectral sensitivity functions measured in a behavioral test situation yielded
      the same conclusion. A behavioral experiment failed to produce any evidence for
      the presence of color vision in this rodent. The consistent conclusion from both
      behavioral and electrophysiological experiments is that the rat retina contains
      only a single photopic spectral mechanism.

PMID- 3698579
TI  - Agonistic behavior of the weakly electric fish, Gnathonemus petersii (Mormyridae,
      Osteoglossomorpha).
AB  - The role played by the electric organ discharge (EOD) in eliciting and
      maintaining social behavior was assessed. First, a description of the motor acts
      associated with agonistic encounters between resident and intruder Gnathonemus
      petersii was provided: The temporal distribution of these acts depended on the
      aggressiveness of the resident. Second, half of the residents and half of the
      intruders were rendered electrically "silent" by cutting the nerves to the
      electric organ. Encounters were staged between pairs of intact fish, pairs of
      silent fish, and pairs in which one fish was intact and the other silent. Silent
      residents chased and attacked their opponents less often than the intact fish.
      Silent and intact residents did not differ in their rates of social probing.
      Intact intruders elicited higher rates of social probing, and the silent animals
      elicited more attacks. The effects of the fish's ability to emit EODs and
      perceive conspecific discharges on different motor acts are discussed.

PMID- 3698580
TI  - Acquisition of discrimination learning of patterns identical in configuration in
      macaques (Macaca mulatta and M. fuscata).
AB  - The acquisition of discrimination of five pairs of pattern cues in a Wisconsin
      General Testing Apparatus by 223 naive macaque monkeys was compared. The pairs of
      discriminanda were identical in configuration but varied slightly in either the
      size of the cue or the size of the background plaque; thus, the degree of
      separation of the cue from the fringe of the plaque, the response site, was
      slightly different for each pair of discriminanda. These small differences in cue
      response separation had marked effects on the rate of acquisition of the
      discriminations. Even an increment of separation as small as 0.5 cm resulted in a
      remarkable retardation of the acquisition. This retardation was due entirely to
      prolonged performance at the chance level, and not to a slow rate of improvement
      from the chance to a criterion level. The finding indicates that the difficulty
      in the acquisition learning on pattern tasks depends largely on the difficulty of
      attending to the pattern cues at small cue-response separations.

PMID- 3698581
TI  - Directional responses to sounds in young gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus).
AB  - Three experiments were conducted to determine the ability of infant gerbils to
      approach an auditory stimulus. In the first experiment, gerbil pups, 16-23 days
      of age, were tested in a circular apparatus with a central start area and a
      movable sound source located at one of eight positions around the perimeter.
      Stimuli included high- and low-intensity presentations of a tape-recorded gerbil
      social call, a broad-band white noise stimulus, and a no-stimulus control
      condition. The subjects showed a strong tendency to approach the low-intensity
      social call and a less pronounced tendency to approach the white noise. In the
      second experiment, gerbil pups were tested in the same apparatus with or without
      ear blocks to determine the role of binaural cues in directional approach
      responding. The tendency to approach a low-intensity vocalization was disrupted
      by obstruction of one ear but not by blocking both ears. Thus, binaural balance
      was shown to be important for early sound localization. In the third experiment,
      the tendency to approach a social call was compared at different ages, 12-15, 16
      19, 20-23, and 24-27 days after birth. Approach responses were first seen at 16
      19 days. The responses continued during the 20-23-day period but began to wane at
      24-27 days of age.

PMID- 3698582
TI  - Auditory physiology and behavior in RB/1bg, RB/3bg, and their F1 hybrid mice (Mus
      musculus): influence of genetics, age, and acoustic variables on audiogenic
      seizure thresholds and cochlear functions.
AB  - In the early 1950s, Frings and Frings began a process of selection for audiogenic
      seizure susceptibility and resistance in albino mice. The present study was
      conducted to examine behavioral and cochlear functions in the inbred descendants
      of these mice. The cochlear action potential (AP) thresholds of the susceptible
      RB/1bg inbred mice were abnormally high, and the resistant inbred RB/3bg mice had
      normal AP audiograms. The F1 hybrid showed heterosis for its cochlear function.
      Only the RB/1bg was susceptible to audiogenic seizures on the first acoustic
      exposure. Thresholds for the successive components of their audiogenic seizures
      were determined in response to narrow bands of noise. These paralleled the AP
      thresholds of RB/1bg mice (r = .89). This RB/1bg mouse showed little age-related
      cochlear loss, which probably accounts for its robust sensitivity to audiogenic
      seizures over most of its lifespan. Earlier studies had demonstrated that the
      susceptible RB line had a robust AP, but little or no cochlear microphonic (CM).
      The susceptible RB/1bg had well-defined AP and CM responses at low frequencies.
      The nonsusceptible RB/3bg mice were more resistant to acoustic priming than
      another mouse (CBA/J) strain with a similar audiometric profile.

PMID- 3698583
TI  - Food-search behavior and its relation to the central excitatory state in the
      genetic analysis of the blow fly Phormia regina.
AB  - Dethier (1957) described an aspect of food-search behavior in Phormia regina as
      the blow fly dance. A hungry fly walks in relatively straight lines with its
      proboscis retracted until it encounters food (sucrose). After ingesting even a
      small amount of sucrose, the fly begins making frequent, tight turns, flexes its
      front tarsi to bring more chemosensory hairs into contact with the substrate and
      repeatedly extends and retracts its proboscis. Like the central excitatory state
      (CES), which causes an increase in proboscis extensions to water when a fly is
      stimulated with sucrose, the dance lasts longer in hungrier flies or with higher
      sucrose concentrations. It was considered that dance behavior might be an
      ethologically relevant manifestation of CES. In order to test this hypothesis,
      dance duration in lines selected for high- and low-CES levels was measured. As
      predicted, flies from the high-CES line danced longer than those from the low-CES
      line, and the CES-dance correlation in individual flies was high. This phenotypic
      correlation disappeared in the F2 generation of a cross between the high- and low
      CES lines, a result indicating that the observed variations in CES and dance
      duration were not caused by the same set of genes. Further characterization of
      the underlying genetic system showed that several linked autosomal genes with
      digenic epistatic interactions and a complex pattern of maternal inheritance were
      responsible for the difference in dance durations between the high- and low-CES
      lines.

PMID- 3698584
TI  - Depth perception in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) and spiny mice
      (Acomys russatus and A. cahirinus).
AB  - Depth perception in gerbils and spiny mice was studied with a modified visual
      cliff which varied the height of a platform from 5.08 cm to 25.4 cm and presented
      animals with an apparent drop-off to a patterned or a white field. Time to
      descend from the platform and orienting response frequency were recorded. For
      gerbils neither measure varied significantly between the platforms. Both Acomys
      species increased descent time and orienting response frequency as platform
      height increased. The results suggest that both gerbils and spiny mice can
      perceive depth, though there appears to be a difference between the species' use
      of sensory cues in descending from a visual cliff. The spiny mice appear to rely
      more on visual cues than do the gerbils. The data also reveal subtle behavioral
      differences between the Acomys species that may relate to their successful
      sympatry. The results are discussed by alluding to ecological differences between
      these species in their natural habitats.

PMID- 3698585
TI  - Harderian gland exudates in the male Meriones unguiculatus regulate female
      proceptive behavior, aggression, and investigation.
AB  - Harderian gland secretions exit from the nose of Meriones unguiculatus during an
      autogroom (Thiessen, 1977). The exudates act as an attractant pheromone and as a
      thermoregulatory barrier when spread throughout the pelage. A recent study
      demonstrated that Harderian exudates in the male guide proceptive behavior in the
      female (Harriman & Thiessen, 1985). The present study replicated this finding by
      showing that estrous females direct fewer proceptive acts toward males lacking
      Harderian glands. In addition, it was found that females are more defensively
      aggressive toward Harderianectomized males and prefer to spend more time in the
      vicinity of intact males. It is speculated that Harderian spread allows the
      female to assess the reproductive competence of the male.

PMID- 3698587
TI  - Teaching medical students patient/family involvement in decisions.

PMID- 3698586
TI  - Patient selection: characteristics of the hospice patient.

PMID- 3698588
TI  - Drugs--drug interactions.

PMID- 3698589
TI  - Consensus development summaries. Health implications of obesity. National
      Institutes of Health.

PMID- 3698590
TI  - Public service and ethical norms: the courts are speaking; is the medical
      profession listening?

PMID- 3698591
TI  - Saccharin. Review of safety issues. AMA Council on Scientific Affairs.

PMID- 3698592
TI  - Effect of Tripterigium wilfordii Hook. f. on the fertility of rats.
AB  - Studies were undertaken to assess the effect of the total glycosides extracted
      from Tripterigium wilfordii Hook. f. (GTW), a ready-made Chinese herb medicine,
      on the fertility of both male and female rats. In male rats, GTW was given by
      gastric gavage at a dose of 10 mg/kg per day, 6 days a week for 8 weeks. All the
      treated animals became infertile. The body weight growth was normal and the
      mating behavior was present. There was a drastic decrease in the viability of the
      epididymal spermatozoa, while the decrease in the sperm density, though
      significant, was far less marked. Seminiferous tubular damage was minimal and no
      perceptible change was observed in the Leydig and the Sertoli cells. All other
      parameters examined, including the serum testosterone level and the histology of
      various organs, were normal. In female rats, GTW given orally at a dose of 50
      mg/kg per day on days 1-4 or 7-9 of pregnancy did not significantly affect the
      fertility. It is thus concluded that non-toxic dose of GTW can cause infertility
      in male rats, the mechanism of which may involve and interference in the function
      of the epididymal and/or testicular spermatozoa; in female rats, the dose
      regimens employed do not have significant anti-implantation or early-pregnancy
      termination effect.

PMID- 3698593
TI  - A controlled release form of 16,16-dimethyl-trans-delta 2-PGE, methyl ester for
      early abortion.
AB  - The termination of early pregnancy (less than 56 days amenorrhoea) has been
      investigated using 16,16-dimethyl-trans-delta 2-PGE, methyl ester in a controlled
      release preparation. The onset of crampy abdominal pain was seen after 270 +/- 39
      minutes and bleeding occurred after 603 +/- 95 minutes. Two (15%) patients
      required no pain relief during treatment, however 5 (38%) requested oral
      analgesia, and in 6 (46%) individuals the pain was severe enough to warrant
      parenteral opiates. The overall success rate for complete abortion was 85%. No
      serious adverse effects were seen, but vomiting occurred in 2 (15%) women, and
      diarrhoea in 3 (23%). Although the use of this prostaglandin analogue in slow
      release form provides an effective treatment method for early abortion using a
      reduced total dose of prostaglandin, the acceptability of the drug as an agent
      for menstrual induction continues to be limited by the occurrence of troublesome
      gastro-intestinal side effects.

PMID- 3698594
TI  - The ability of women to recall their oral contraceptive histories.
AB  - Self-reported contraceptive histories were obtained at interview from 99 women
      and compared with prospectively collected data from the Oxford-Family Planning
      Association cohort study. The effect of different memory aids was evaluated and
      an assessment was made of the completeness and accuracy of contraceptive
      histories recorded in general practice notes. Accuracy of recall of total
      duration of use was sufficiently good to establish the presence or otherwise of a
      duration-response relationship and could be improved by the use of a
      contraceptive calendar. Recall of specific brands used was less accurate. In
      studies where accurate information on use of particular preparations is required,
      the use of a photo album is recommended, supplemented by data obtained from
      general practice records to improve the accuracy of dates. General practice
      records on their own are not sufficiently complete to be used as a sole source of
      exposure data in studies in which it is important to obtain a complete oral
      contraceptive history.

PMID- 3698596
TI  - Toxicity of Thermopsis montana in cattle.
AB  - Cattle had severe signs of toxicosis when gavaged dried ground Thermopsis montana
      (false lupine, poison bean, mountain thermopsis) at doses of 0.6-2.8 g/kg/day in
      a water suspension. Signs included depression, anorexia, swollen eye lids, arched
      back, tucked abdomen, rough hair coat, and in extremis a prolonged recumbency
      lasting up to 9 days. Plant potency varied among collections. Total alkaloid
      doses in collections eliciting severe signs varied from 1.1-11.3 mg/kg/day. There
      were 5 major alkaloids in each collection that varied in concentration among the
      collections perhaps accounting for variation in severity of signs elicited. Four
      of the alkaloids were identified by GC retention time, MS fragmentation patterns
      and OR analysis as N-methylcytisine, cytisine, (-)-thermopsine, and (-)
      anagyrine. Measurements showed a very marked increase of 10X-20X in levels of
      certain serum enzymes--SGOT, CPK, and LDH that persisted during the period of
      maximum clinical signs.

PMID- 3698595
TI  - Cervical dilatation with meteneprost vaginal suppositories in first trimester
      abortion.
AB  - Forty nulliparous women were treated with vaginal suppositories containing
      Meteneprost (9-deoxo-16, 16-dimethyl-9-methylene PGE2) (Upjohn Co.) 10 mg or
      placebo prior to termination of first trimester pregnancy in a double-blind
      study. The suppository was inserted three hours before vacuum aspiration. The
      cervical diameter as measured by the size of the largest Hegar dilatator inserted
      without resistance was significantly larger in women treated with Meteneprost.
      The operative blood loss was also reduced in the Meteneprost group.

PMID- 3698598
TI  - Composition of milk from pony mares fed various levels of digestible energy.
AB  - Twenty-two pony mares were fed one of three diets that provided 93.0, 74.8 or
      57.2 kcal of digestible energy (DE) per kg body weight per day. Milk samples were
      taken at 14 day intervals. A total of five samples were taken from each mare. The
      samples were analyzed for total solids, crude protein, lactose, total lipids,
      ash, calcium and phosphorus. Gross energy was calculated from composition data.
      Increases in energy intake decreased the concentration of total solids, protein,
      fat and gross energy of mare's milk. Energy intake had a greater influence on the
      mare's body condition than on milk energy production. It was concluded the
      objective of a feeding program for a lactating mare should be to keep the mare in
      a desirable body condition rather than to influence milk composition or
      production.

PMID- 3698597
TI  - Bile acid metabolism in the pig.
AB  - To study bile acid metabolism in the pig, indwelling catheters were surgically
      placed in the hepatic portal vein and the anterior vena cava of 12-17 kg
      crossbred pigs. The pigs were fed ad libitum for one hr at 0800 and 1600 hrs
      daily. Two weeks after the surgery, 50 microCi of 24[14C] chenodeoxycholic acid
      were infused into the hepatic portal vein. The radioactivity in plasma from the
      two veins was monitored hourly for six hrs following each of six consecutive
      meals over a 3-day period. Fecal and urine radioactivity were determined for 14
      days. It was found that the peak levels of radioactivity in the plasma of both
      veins were reached within two hrs post-feeding. The biological half-life of
      chenodeoxycholic acid was determined to be 6.4 days.

PMID- 3698599
TI  - Embryo transfers from mares in athletic competition.
AB  - The objective of this project was to produce multiple pregnant recipient mares
      during one year from each of four mares which were in athletic training and
      competition. Twenty-six embryos were recovered from the four mares in 38
      collection attempts. Each embryo was surgically transferred to one of 20
      recipient mares. Nine of 10 recipient mares which were transferred to on one
      occasion were detected pregnant at the one week post transfer pregnancy
      examination and six of eight mares which were transferred to on two occasions
      were detected pregnant at one of the one-week post transfer pregnancy
      examinations. Three of the 15 pregnant recipient mares lost their pregnancies by
      day 150. The 12 resulting pregnant recipient mares from the four competing donor
      mares demonstrated that donor mares can remain in athletic competition and at the
      same time provide viable embryos for embryo transfer.

PMID- 3698600
TI  - Anesthetic consideration in dogs with traumatic myocarditis.
AB  - The trauma patient is commonly encountered in veterinary practice. Traumatic
      myocarditis has often been overlooked due to its delayed onset and preoccupation
      with other traumatic problems. The traumatic heart is very sensitive and in
      itself can cause death. Often a trauma patient requires surgery and a proper
      anesthetic protocol must be used which does not increase the incidence of cardiac
      arrhythmias. A review of anesthetic management including preanesthetic
      medications, induction drugs and techniques and maintenance with inhalation
      anesthesia reveals the need for careful selection of medications. Isoflurane was
      shown to be beneficial in reducing the incidence of undesirable responses of
      these patients.

PMID- 3698601
TI  - Experimental intramammary inoculation with Mycoplasma bovis in vaccinated and
      unvaccinated cows: effect on the mycoplasmal infection and cellular inflammatory
      response.
AB  - The effect of vaccination on mycoplasmal infection and the cellular inflammatory
      response was evaluated in 4 vaccinated and 4 control cows experimentally
      challenged in 2 of 4 quarters with live Mycoplasma bovis. In unchallenged
      quarters during the first three weeks after experimental challenge exposure, 6 of
      8 quarters on control cows, and 7 of 8 quarters on vaccinated cows became
      infected with low numbers (10(2)-10(4) cfu/ml) of M bovis. During the same period
      all challenge-infused quarters on both control and vaccinated animals became
      infected with high numbers (10(9) cfu/ml) of M bovis. Thereafter, all quarters on
      vaccinated cows became culture-negative for M bovis, while 2 of 8 unchallenged
      quarters, and 4 of 8 challenged quarters on 3 of 4 control cows remained
      infected. A cellular inflammatory response as measured by the California Mastitis
      Test accompanied the experimental infection in proportion to the infection level
      except in challenged quarters on vaccinated cows after the first three weeks post
      challenge in which the cellular inflammatory response remained high despite the
      advent of negative M bovis culture results. This study indicates that the course
      of experimental M bovis mastitis can be affected by vaccination, and that
      vaccination results in an adverse cellular inflammatory response in challenged
      quarters.

PMID- 3698602
TI  - Metabolic changes due to experimentally induced rupture of the bovine urinary
      bladder.
AB  - Metabolic changes were studied in the serum, saliva and peritoneal fluid of 5
      healthy yearling feedlot steers after experimentally induced urinary bladder
      rupture. There were statistically significant decreases in serum, saliva and
      peritoneal fluid sodium and chloride values and significant increases in serum,
      saliva and peritoneal fluid urea nitrogen, creatinine and phosphorus values.
      Serum calcium, pH, bicarbonate, and base excess decreased significantly.
      Potassium did not change significantly in serum but did increase significantly in
      the saliva. The hemogram and peritoneal fluid analysis failed to provide
      clinicopathologic evidence of peritonitis. The average time of death or
      euthanasia after bladder rupture was 13.6 days with a range of 8-21 days. No
      single biochemical parameter could be identified which would allow prediction of
      the approaching time of death or duration of the disease process. There was no
      peritonitis at necropsy indicating that urine was not irritating to the bovine
      peritoneal cavity. Extracellular replacement fluid with or without sodium
      bicarbonate supplementation appeared to be the fluid of choice for correction of
      fluid and electrolyte imbalances in steers with ruptured urinary bladders. The
      ratio between serum and peritoneal fluid creatinine concentrations appears to be
      valuable for the clinical diagnosis of ruptured urinary bladders in steers.

PMID- 3698603
TI  - The influence of opsonins on the bactericidal effect of bovine alveolar
      macrophages against Pasteurella multocida.
AB  - Monolayers of bovine alveolar macrophages were infected with smooth and rough
      strains of Pasteurella multocida to determine their bactericidal function. Heat
      inactivated normal bovine serum, fresh bovine serum, specific immune serum and a
      combination of specific immune serum and fresh bovine serum were used as
      opsonins. A substantial difference in the bactericidal effect of macrophages
      against the logarithmic and stationary phase p. multocida was observed.
      Opsonization of the rough strain of P. multocida with the combination of specific
      immune and fresh serum increased their association with alveolar macrophages
      compared to those opsonized with either normal serum, fresh serum or specific
      immune serum. Opsonization of the smooth strain of P. multocida with normal
      bovine serum resulted in substantially fewer bacteria associated with macrophages
      at time zero, compared with other opsonins. Regardless of the kind of opsonins
      used in these experiments, the number of the rough strain of P. multocida killed
      by macrophages was always higher than those of the smooth strain.

PMID- 3698604
TI  - The effect of bicycle exercise and atrial pacing on left ventricular volume and
      function in healthy persons and in patients with coronary artery disease. An
      echocardiographic study.
AB  - The haemodynamic response to submaximal exercise and atrial pacing in 30 healthy
      subjects and in 30 patients with coronary artery disease was investigated by M
      mode echocardiography. In healthy subjects, the cardiovascular function after
      atrial pacing was not altered substantially. Exercise, however, caused a marked
      improvement in haemodynamics, which was due to increased myocardial contractility
      and diminished afterload. On the other hand, in patients with coronary artery
      disease, both after exercise and after atrial pacing a significant deterioration
      of left ventricular function was observed.

PMID- 3698605
TI  - Equilibrium radionuclide right ventriculography at rest and during exercise in
      patients with pulmonary hypertension.
AB  - Using the method of equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography (RNV), the right
      ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) at rest and at a standard workload of 250
      kpm per min was determined in 25 control subjects and in 30 patients with
      pulmonary hypertension (8 patients with chronic obstructive bronchopulmonary
      disease, 12 with recurrent pulmonary embolism and 10 with pure mitral stenosis).
      In the same week as RNV, pulmonary artery pressure was registered in patients
      with pulmonary hypertension at rest and at standard workload. RVEF was
      significantly higher (45 +/- 5%) in normal subjects than in patients with
      pulmonary hypertension (33 +/- 5%) and during exercise increased, whereas in
      patients with pulmonary hypertension it did not markedly change or decreased. The
      RVEF correlated at rest (r = -0.6293, p less than 0.001) and during exercise (r =
      0.6980, p less than 0.05) with the degree of pulmonary hypertension at rest and
      during exercise. The results show a good correlation between the RVEF and the
      degree of pulmonary hypertension in patients with pulmonary hypertension at rest
      and during exercise.

PMID- 3698606
TI  - Haemodynamics in patients with chronic post-embolic pulmonary hypertension.
AB  - Haemodynamic studies were undertaken in 30 patients with chronic post-embolic
      pulmonary hypertension (CPEPH), and the findings were compared with those found
      in acute thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery. The study showed that
      radiocardiographic examination is a useful supplementary method for diagnosing
      postembolic lesions of pulmonary arteries and for dynamic examination of patients
      after pulmonary embolism. The appearance of a "single-hump" curve on the
      radiocardiogram was an unfavourable prognostic sign and attested both to an
      increase of pulmonary hypertension or to a latent heart failure. The importance
      of radiocardiographic examination for determining the prognosis of the disease
      and for choosing the most suitable method of its treatment is analysed.

PMID- 3698607
TI  - Changes in the left ventricular function after application of contrast media.
AB  - The authors studied at repeated ventriculographic examinations the changes in the
      left ventricular function after application of routinely used ionic contrast
      medium and of newer nonionic medium. They demonstrated that ionic medium does not
      significantly change the left ventricular volume and ejection fraction, but
      influences the left ventricular diastolic function. Nonionic contrast material
      does not significantly change the left ventricular function. The mechanism of
      side-effects of contrast agents and possible indications for the application of
      nonionic contrast media are discussed.

PMID- 3698609
TI  - Ultrastructural aspects of endomyocardial biopsy in restrictive cardiomyopathy:
      evaluation of elastogenesis.
AB  - Besides elastic and collagen fibres, numerous smooth muscle (SM) cells were found
      in the thickened endocardium in 3 cases of restrictive cardiomyopathy and in 1
      case of congenital endocardial fibroelastosis. In 3 other cases of congenital
      endocardial fibroelastosis, fibroblast-like cells were present besides numerous
      fibres. The former seemed to originate from SM cells. The authors present their
      opinion that both in congenital and acquired endocardial fibroelastosis, the
      lesion develops essentially in the same way. The basic phenomenon consists in
      increased elastoplastic activity of SM cells. In contrast, the aetiology
      (stimulus) of higher, elastogenous activity of SM cells remains obscure and seems
      to be different in individual cases.

PMID- 3698608
TI  - Comparative study of cefamandole versus cephalothin as antibiotic prophylaxis for
      open heart surgery.
AB  - Cefamandole nafate and cephalothin sodium were administered as prophylaxis in a
      randomized, prospective study to 80 consecutive patients undergoing open heart
      surgery. The two groups matched well in age, sex, and type of operation.
      Postoperative infection developed in 2 of 40 patients (5%) in the cefamandole
      treated group and in 11 of 40 patients (27.5%) in the cephalothin-treated group
      (p less than 0.01). The two patients in the former group had respiratory tract
      infections. There were no instance of endocarditis, mediastinitis or bacteraemia
      in any of the two groups. Both antibiotics were well tolerated with no adverse
      reactions. Cefamandole appears to be an effective and preferable prophylactic
      antibiotic for use during cardiac surgery.

PMID- 3698610
TI  - Comparison of the informative value of electrocardiographic criteria of
      myocardial infarction with the use of different lead systems.
AB  - The authors compared the informative value of 39 criteria of myocardial
      infarction with ECG registration using the standard 12-lead system (ECG-12), 24
      criteria according to Frank's orthogonal system (OECG-F), and 32 criteria
      according to the new 4-lead system (ECG-4). 127 patients with myocardial
      infarction (MI) were examined. The sensitivity of the most informative ECG-4
      criteria of MI was higher (44.4%) than OECG-F (39.4%) and ECG-12 (38.6%). With
      the application of quantitative ECG-4 criteria, signs of MI were detected in all
      cases diagnosed by experts using the ECG-12 system. In view of the considerable
      simplicity of its registration technique, the ECG-4 system can be recommended for
      the mass screening ECG examinations aimed especially at detection of MI.

PMID- 3698611
TI  - Outcome of children who are apneic and pulseless in the emergency room.
AB  - Mortality and neurologic morbidity were evaluated in children who were
      successfully resuscitated after being brought to an emergency room with continued
      apnea and pulselessness. Of 34 patients studied from June 1981 through August
      1984, 27 died during the initial hospitalization and seven (21%) survived until
      hospital discharge. Of the seven surviving children who were discharged to a
      chronic care facility, five remain in a vegetative state. Possible explanations
      for this high mortality and neurologic morbidity are discussed.

PMID- 3698613
TI  - Acute bronchospasm resembling status asthmaticus during the neonatal period.
AB  - Recently, we encountered four neonates who developed severe reversible partial
      lower airway obstruction. This communication describes their clinical course and
      the pathogenesis and treatment of acute bronchospasm resembling status
      asthmaticus and leading to life-threatening respiratory acidosis.

PMID- 3698612
TI  - Results of inpatient pediatric resuscitation.
AB  - We retrospectively reviewed the results of 42 cardiopulmonary arrests occurring
      over 1 yr in the general ward of a pediatric hospital. These data were compared
      to those of a similar study done 10 yr previously in the same institution.
      Patients were divided into those having pure respiratory arrest and those who
      also had cardiac arrest. In the most recent series, overall 6-month survival was
      17%; however, only 9% of the cardiac arrest patients survived. Ten years
      previously, the survival rate from cardiac arrest was 11%. In both series, pure
      respiratory arrest had a significantly better outcome than cardiopulmonary
      arrest, and predictors of nonsurvival were a duration of arrest greater than 15
      min and the administration of more than one iv bolus of epinephrine. During the
      more recent series, sepsis and upper airway problems produced fewer arrests.
      There was one neurologically damaged survivor in each study period. Our study
      confirms that the outcome of pediatric cardiac arrest is poor when arrest occurs
      in the hospital.

PMID- 3698614
TI  - Acute cardiopulmonary effects of subarachnoid hemorrhage in monkeys.
AB  - Twenty-eight cynomolgus monkeys had an autologous subarachnoid blood clot placed
      in the basal cisternae via craniectomy. Twenty-three monkeys survived clot
      placement and five animals died within 24 h. An additional eight monkeys
      underwent sham procedures and six acted as anesthetic controls. Cardiopulmonary
      indices were measured before clot placement and 30 to 60 min thereafter, to
      determine if certain changes had prognostic value for immediate outcome. In the
      24-h survivors, heart rate and arteriovenous oxygen content difference increased
      significantly (p less than .05 and .01, respectively), while stroke index (SI) (p
      less than .01), mean pulmonary artery pressure (p less than .001), pulmonary
      artery wedge pressure (p less than .001), and central venous pressure (p less
      than .05) fell. In the 24-h nonsurvivors, cardiac index (CI) (p less than .05)
      and SI (p less than .01) fell to an even greater extent than in the survivors.
      There was a significant (p less than .05) difference between the two groups for
      CI and SI. There were no significant differences in the sham-operated animals. In
      six control monkeys, neither heart rate nor CI significantly increased throughout
      5 h of anesthesia.

PMID- 3698615
TI  - Effect of bronchial blood flow on pulmonary artery wedge pressure with pulmonary
      embolism.
AB  - Discrepancies between pulmonary artery wedge pressure (WP) and left atrial
      pressure (LAP) occur with pulmonary embolism. Theoretically, this discrepancy
      could be affected by the bronchial circulation or by the type of embolus. To test
      this in dogs, we determined the effects of embolism induced by glass beads and by
      air upon the WP with intact vs. ligated bronchial blood flow to the left lower
      lobe. For those animals receiving pulmonary air infusions, the pulmonary artery
      pressure, WP, and pulmonary vascular resistance showed significant (p less than
      .05) elevations with no change in LAP. There were no changes in these values when
      the bronchial blood flow was interrupted. When glass beads (120 mu) were injected
      into the left lower lobe, the pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular
      resistance rose as in the air emboli groups (p less than .05); however, WP
      remained at control values and approximated LAP. Obstructing the bronchial blood
      flow did not change this response. We conclude that the discrepancy between WP
      and LAP depends upon the type of embolus and is not affected by bronchial blood
      flow.

PMID- 3698616
TI  - Nosocomial infection among patients in different types of intensive care units at
      a city hospital.
AB  - Available data on the characteristics of infections in different types of ICUs
      are limited. Between May and July 1984, overall infection rates of patients in
      the ICUs and in the general wards at the Detroit Receiving Hospital were 19.2%
      and 9.8%, respectively (p less than .001). Specific infection rates (number of
      infections/100 admissions in each unit) were 35.2% for surgical unit, 29.8% for
      burn unit, 13.9% for medical unit, and 6.6% for coronary unit. Of the total
      number of patients admitted, only 1.9% patients in the coronary unit became
      infected while 10.9% to 13.6% in the other three units acquired infection. There
      were more infections per patient in the surgical unit than in the others. Device
      related infections involving the urinary and respiratory tracts were the most
      common. Predominant pathogens isolated in order of frequency were Escherichia
      coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus.
      Death rates among the infected patients were high; of those infected, nine
      patients (75%) of 12 in the surgical unit and ten (91%) of 11 in the medical unit
      died. For those who died, the duration from ICU admission to infection was 2 to
      22 days (mean 6.5) and length of survival after becoming infected was 2 to 50
      days (mean 22). The mortality rates between the infected and uninfected patients
      in the medical, surgical, and burn units were significantly different (p less
      than .0005). Awareness of patterns for nosocomial infection in different ICUs is
      of value in the adoption of appropriate infection control policies within each
      unit.

PMID- 3698617
TI  - Simultaneous use of membrane oxygenation and high-frequency jet ventilation in
      acute pulmonary failure.
AB  - A 16-yr-old female suffering acute, rapidly progressive combined respiratory and
      cardiac failure that was unresponsive to conventional volume-cycled ventilation,
      was stabilized with the simultaneous short-term use of veno-venous membrane
      oxygenation and high-frequency jet ventilation. Percutaneously introduced
      cannulas afforded rapid vascular access for membrane oxygenation, minimal wound
      problems during the perfusion, and easy decannulation. This is the first reported
      combined use of high-frequency jet ventilation and extracorporeal membrane
      oxygenation, and the first reported percutaneous initiation of veno-venous
      bypass. The patient remained alive and well 4 months after therapy.

PMID- 3698619
TI  - Transient ischemic attacks at high altitude.
AB  - The precise etiology of transient neurologic deficits at high altitude is
      unclear, particularly since the subjects are not investigated as they would be
      had the events occurred in an urban environment. This report describes two
      subjects who experienced transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) while ascending the
      northeast ridge route of Mt. Everest during the Ultima Thule Everest Expedition,
      and a third subject with TIAs during three separate high-altitude climbs.
      Possible etiologies and treatment for TIAs at high altitude are suggested.

PMID- 3698620
TI  - Coagulation abnormalities in traumatic shock.

PMID- 3698618
TI  - Use of ketamine in asthmatic children to treat respiratory failure refractory to
      conventional therapy.
AB  - We treated two pediatric patients suffering respiratory failure associated with
      status asthmaticus. Neither patient responded to maximal bronchodilatory therapy
      and mechanical ventilation; however, continuous infusion of ketamine (1.0 to 2.5
      mg/kg X h) immediately improved airway obstruction. Ketamine appears to increase
      catecholamine levels and directly relax bronchial smooth muscle. Except for
      increased secretions during the infusion, our patients showed no immediate or
      long-term sequelae from ketamine therapy. However, ketamine should only be used
      for asthmatics whose respiratory failure does not respond to conventional
      management and mechanical ventilation.

PMID- 3698621
TI  - Nonoperative treatment of cardiac tamponade.

PMID- 3698622
TI  - Diagnosing pulmonary embolism during pulmonary artery catheterization.

PMID- 3698623
TI  - Arterial occlusion after femoral artery cannulation.

PMID- 3698624
TI  - Inserting nasoenteral tubes in patients with depressed sensoria.

PMID- 3698625
TI  - A modified endotracheal tube for tracheostomy.

PMID- 3698626
TI  - Efficacy of abdominal computed tomography in evaluation of possible abdominal
      abscess.
AB  - A retrospective analysis was made of all abdominal computed tomography scans
      performed because of clinical suspicion of an abscess at our institution over a
      12-month period. Of 130 patients examined, 45 patients had had abdominal surgery
      within the previous 2-week period. Of these patients, 14 were found to have
      abscesses on computed tomography, with three known false-negative studies. An
      additional nine patients had sterile postoperative collections. Nine patients had
      had an abdominal abscess previously diagnosed, and five of these had a residual
      abscess. A total of seven abscesses were found by computed tomography in 76
      patients who had had no surgery in the previous 2 weeks, with one known false
      negative study. High-risk categories of nonoperative patients were identified.
      Only one positive study occurred in a patient without a high clinical index of
      suspicion for an intraabdominal abscess, although a total of 50 patients fell
      into this low-risk, nonoperative category. The cost-effectiveness of computed
      tomography studies in such low-risk patients is questioned.

PMID- 3698627
TI  - Cerebral vasculitis secondary to Wegener's granulomatosis: computed tomography
      and angiographic findings.
AB  - The central nervous system is rarely involved by Wegener's granulomatosis. A case
      of Wegener's granulomatosis with involvement of the cerebral arteries was
      reported. Computed tomography showed extensive brain edema with angiographic
      demonstration of cerebral vasculitis.

PMID- 3698628
TI  - Diagnosis of bilateral intracavernous carotid artery aneurysms by computed
      tomography.
AB  - Unruptured bilateral intracavernous carotid artery aneurysms are very rare.
      Within the last 30 years only five cases have been diagnosed radiologically and
      reported in the medical literature. We wish to add an additional three cases
      diagnosed during life by computed tomography and confirmed by angiography.

PMID- 3698629
TI  - Neurosarcoidosis involving optic nerves and leptomeninges: computed tomography
      findings.
AB  - A case of neurosarcoidosis with extensive involvement of both optic nerves and
      intracranial leptomeninges is reported. Computed tomography demonstrates diffuse
      enlargement of the optic nerves and extensive nodular contrast medium enhancement
      of the leptomeninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae extending into the
      frontal convexity. Only one such case has been previously reported in the
      computed tomography literature. Marked therapeutic response was obtained
      clinically and demonstrated on a follow-up computed tomography after therapy with
      corticosteroids. Differential diagnosis of computed tomography findings is
      discussed.

PMID- 3698630
TI  - Intraprocedural passage of an obstructing ureteral calculus.
AB  - The passage of a urinary calculus during an enhanced computed tomography
      examination demonstrates the perplexing incongruity one may encounter when there
      is rapid dynamic change in an organ or part during the relatively slow
      acquisition of sectional images.

PMID- 3698631
TI  - Cystic adult medulloblastomas.
AB  - The computed tomography scans of four patients who had a medulloblastoma are
      reviewed. In all the cases, atypical findings were present--specifically, cystic
      or lucent areas within the tumor. The importance of this uncommon finding
      associated with adult medulloblastoma is discussed.

PMID- 3698632
TI  - Orbital involvement by multiple myeloma: case report.
AB  - A case of orbital myeloma in a patient with myelomatosis is discussed.
      Extraskeletal spread to the orbit has rarely been reported. In a patient with
      proptosis and known multiple myeloma, an orbital mass can be presumed to be
      orbital involvement by myeloma.

PMID- 3698633
TI  - Computed tomography for preoperative evaluations of lung cancer.
AB  - Computed tomography was evaluated for its accuracy in diagnosing mediastinal node
      metastases, direct chest wall invasion, and direct mediastinal invasion by lung
      cancer among 61 patients who subsequently underwent surgery. Using 15-mm diameter
      or larger mediastinal lymph nodes as the criterion for metastasis, the
      sensitivity was 36% (8/22); the specificity was 92% (34/37). The accuracy for
      direct chest wall invasion was relatively high, with a sensitivity of 100% (7/7)
      and a specificity of 92% (22/24). Direct mediastinal invasion had a sensitivity
      of 67% (4/6) and a specificity of 91% (10/11). These results suggest that the
      ability of computed tomography to diagnose mediastinal lymph node metastasis when
      such nodal size is used as a criterion is limited.

PMID- 3698634
TI  - Supratentorial ependymomas: computed tomographic and pathologic correlations.
AB  - Of a total of 52 cases of ependymomas, 38 were intracranial, with 15 being
      supratentorial and 23 infratentorial. Pre- and postoperative computed tomographic
      scans were correlated with surgical pathologic findings in four cases of
      supratentorial ependymomas. Pathologic specimens were analyzed from another four
      cases for which only postoperative scans were available. Seven cases had no
      computed tomographic studies, but pathology reports were available. Common
      computed tomography findings for these tumors included para- or intraventricular
      location, one or more cystic areas within the tumor, and calcifications within
      the lesion or around its periphery. Proven subependymal spread of tumor was
      evident by computed tomography in one case. Mixing of ependymoma with
      oligodendroglioma was present in four cases and with both oligodendroglioma and
      astrocytoma in two cases. Microscopic calcifications were more frequently seen in
      ependymomas that were mixed with oligodendroglioma.

PMID- 3698635
TI  - Pancreaticopleural fistula: demonstration by computed tomography and endoscopic
      retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
AB  - Pancreaticopleural fistula is an uncommon complication of chronic pancreatitis or
      pancreatic trauma. Clinical features include pleural effusion and resulting
      pulmonary symptoms. Abdominal pain and other clinical manifestations of
      pancreatitis may be minimal or absent. As in this case, computed tomography and
      endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography may provide complementary
      diagnostic information in the evaluation of this condition. A discussion of the
      pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of pancreaticopleural fistula is
      presented.

PMID- 3698636
TI  - Rapid-acquisition computed tomography demonstration of chronic calcified
      pericardial constriction.
AB  - Dynamic imaging by a new ultrafast computed tomography scanner of a patient with
      chronic calcified pericardial constriction is presented. Images of the heart
      throughout the cardiac cycle demonstrate compression of the right ventricle by
      calcified pericardium. Hemodynamic data was derived from the scan study to
      support the diagnosis of pericardial constriction, which was confirmed on cardiac
      catheterization.

PMID- 3698637
TI  - Exogastric leiomyoblastoma: a rare gastric neoplasm mimicking left hepatic mass
      on computed tomography.
AB  - Leiomyoblastomas are rare gastric neoplasms that may occur as exogastric masses,
      producing difficulty in correct localization and diagnosis. Two exogastric
      leiomyoblastomas were misdiagnosed as primary hepatic lesions due to their
      appearance on computed tomography. A discussion of these rare neoplasms, the
      potential for their erroneous diagnosis, and ways to avoid this computed
      tomography pitfall is presented.

PMID- 3698638
TI  - Fractures of the talus and calcaneus: evaluation by computed tomography.
AB  - Fractures of the talus and calcaneus may be difficult to evaluate using
      conventional imaging modalities. Failure to recognize these fractures or to
      appreciate their extent may result in severe deformity or disability. Patients
      with talar and calcaneal fractures had computed tomography to assess its role in
      the management of these fractures. Computed tomography is superior to other
      imaging modalities in showing the position of the fracture fragments, the number
      of fragments, the relation of the fracture to the articular surfaces, residual
      articular changes, and evidence of healing.

PMID- 3698639
TI  - Computed tomography of oleothorax.
AB  - Oleothorax as therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis was discontinued some 35 years
      ago. An oleothorax may expand and cause respiratory distress. Additional
      complications include bronchopleural fistula and cutaneous fistula. Computed
      tomography has not previously been used to evaluate oleothorax. This case report
      describes the use of computed tomography in a patient with a symptomatic
      oleothorax.

PMID- 3698640
TI  - Vitrification of human monocytes.
AB  - Human monocytes purified from peripheral blood by counterflow centrifugal
      elutriation were cryopreserved in a vitreous state at 1 atm pressure. The
      vitrification solution was Hanks' balanced salt solution (HBSS) containing (w/v)
      20.5% Me2SO, 15.5% acetamide, 10% propylene glycol, and 6% polyethylene glycol.
      Fifteen milliliters of this solution was added dropwise to 1 ml of a concentrated
      monocyte suspension at 0 degrees C. Of this, 0.8 ml was drawn into silicone
      tubing and rapidly cooled to liquid nitrogen temperature, stored for various
      periods, and rapidly warmed in an ice bath. The vitrification solution was
      removed by slow addition of HBSS containing 20% fetal calf serum. The numerical
      cell recovery was about 92% and most of these retained normal phagocytic and
      chemotactic ability. Differential scanning calorimeter records of the solution
      show a glass transition at -115 degrees C during cooling and warming, but no
      evidence of ice formation during cooling. Devitrification occurs at about -70
      degrees C during warming at rates as rapid as 80 degrees C/min. The amount of
      devitrification is dependent upon the warming rate. Freeze-fracture freeze-etch
      electron microscope observations revealed no ice either intra- or extracellularly
      in samples rapidly cooled to liquid nitrogen temperatures except for small
      amounts in some cellular organelles. However, if these cell suspensions were
      warmed rapidly to -70 degrees C and then held for 5 min, allowing devitrification
      to occur, the preparation contained significant amounts of both intra- and
      extracellular ice. Biological data showed that this devitrification was
      associated with severe loss of cell function.

PMID- 3698641
TI  - Effects of pre- and post-thaw cell-to-cell contact and trypsin on survival of
      freeze-thaw damaged mammalian cells.
AB  - When multicellular spheroids, which simulate small bits of tissue, are exposed to
      a freeze-thaw (FT) cycle, the survival of the individual cells in the spheroid is
      higher if the cells of the spheroid are trypsinized and plated as single cells
      immediately after thawing than if the spheroid is allowed to remain intact for 4
      hr and then trypsinized for plating. The results imply either that cell-to-cell
      contact inhibits repair of potentially lethal damage (PLD) or that accumulation
      of additional lethal or sublethal damage during the post-thaw period for cells in
      contact is taking place. Pre- and post-FT trypsinization of single cells indicate
      that trypsin does not enhance repair of PLD caused by a FT cycle.

PMID- 3698642
TI  - Ca2+ transport and permeability in inside-out red cell membrane vesicles after
      freezing.
AB  - To evaluate the effects of freezing and thawing on Ca2+ transport and
      permeability, inside-out red cell membrane vesicles (IORCMV) are examined.
      Exposure to the cryoprotectant Me2SO as well as different cooling regimes on
      unprotected and cryoprotected vesicles do not affect the membrane Ca2+ transport.
      However, freezing and thawing increase the membrane permeability to sucrose.

PMID- 3698643
TI  - The effect of thawing velocity on survival and acrosomal integrity of ram
      spermatozoa frozen at optimal and suboptimal rates in straws.
AB  - The effect of various thawing velocities on the motility and acrosomal
      maintenance of ram spermatozoa frozen at 20 degrees C/min (optimal) or 2 degrees
      C/min (suboptimal) was studied. The freeze-thaw motility and the percentage of
      intact acrosomes of spermatozoa frozen at 20 degrees C/min increased
      progressively with the thawing velocity. In semen frozen at 2 degrees C/min,
      motility of spermatozoa and the percentage of intact acrosomes declined
      drastically when the thawing velocity obtained in air at 20 degrees C was
      increased by thawing in water at 20 degrees C. Thawing at higher temperatures
      markedly increased both motility and acrosomal preservation, but the best results
      with semen frozen at 2 degrees C/min were lower than those obtained with semen
      frozen at 20 degrees C/min. The optimal freeze-thaw conditions for semen
      protected by 4% glycerol were freezing at 20 degrees C/min and thawing in water
      at 60 or 80 degrees C for 8 or 5 sec, respectively. Semen collected from rams
      exposed to a decreasing photoperiod exhibited higher motility after freezing and
      thawing than those exposed to an increasing photoperiod. However, there was no
      effect on acrosomal preservation after freezing at 20 degrees C/min.

PMID- 3698644
TI  - Analysis of the introduction and removal of glycerol in rabbit kidneys using a
      Krogh cylinder model.
AB  - In 1982, Rubinsky and Cravalho described a Krogh cylinder model for the analysis
      of cryoprotectant transport in a perfused organ. By application of the Kedem
      Katchalsky equations, changes in tissue volume caused by movements of water and
      solute were used to predict changes in capillary radius (Cryobiology 19, 70-82,
      1982). We have now measured the changes in vascular resistance that are produced
      when sucrose or glycerol is introduced into the perfusate flowing through rabbit
      kidneys at 10 degrees C, and have analyzed these data by means of the Rubinsky
      Cravalho semiempirical model. The sucrose data provided an estimate of hydraulic
      conductivity and the dimensions of the Krogh tissue units. Three rates of
      addition of glycerol, 10, 30, and 90 mM/min to a final concentration of 3 M, were
      studied. The vascular resistance fell to approximately 40% of its initial value
      (radius approximately 128% of initial value) with all three rates of addition,
      and then returned toward its normal value while the glycerol concentration was
      still increasing. This behavior could be explained either by a sudden change in
      solute permeability at that capillary radius, or by an inverse dependence of
      reflection coefficient upon solute concentration. Evidence is presented that
      favors the latter interpretation. The best fits for the apparent hydraulic
      conductivity and apparent solute permeability for glycerol are 1 X 10(-6) cm/sec
      atm and 6 X 10(-8) cm/sec, respectively, with the reflection coefficient falling
      from 1.0 when the glycerol concentration is zero to 0.1 when it is 3 M. The model
      is used to predict tissue concentrations of glycerol throughout each experiment.

PMID- 3698645
TI  - Fluorescence anisotropy of kidney lipids and membranes of a hibernating mammal.
AB  - The fluorescence anisotropy of lipids and membranes isolated from kidneys of
      European hamsters (Cricetus cricetus L.) has been estimated using 1,6-diphenyl
      1,3,5-hexatriene as a probe. We have compared in this study the results obtained
      for two critical periods for a hibernator: winter (torpid state), and summer
      (active state). The differences were of very low magnitude. A slight increase in
      anisotropy was noticed in the kidney lipids and microsomal membrane preparations
      from torpid animals. In contrast, a small decrease in anisotropy was observed in
      the microsomal lipid extracts of torpid animals. A difference in triglyceride
      content of winter and summer total kidney lipids was detected, as well as a
      difference in microsomal protein content between winter and summer membrane
      preparations. It is hypothesized that the latter observations may explain why the
      behavior of kidney total lipids and microsomal preparations were different from
      that presented by kidney microsomal lipids in respect to fluorescence anisotropy.
      Therefore, only a little, if any, homeoviscous adaptation is exhibited by kidney
      membranes during hibernation of this mammal.

PMID- 3698646
TI  - Advances in the design of special cryosurgical apparatus in China.
AB  - Advances in the design of special cryobiomedical apparatus and a review of the
      trend of developments in the field of cryosurgery in China are discussed. The
      typical structure of two special cryoprobes for treatment deep in the body and
      the technology of designing these probes are presented in detail. Some cases
      which are treated successfully with the above cryoprobes will also be discussed.
      The experimental aspects of heat transfer in frozen tissue and of the temperature
      profiles both of a human brain during surgery and of the cryoprobe are described.
      Other improvements in the field of cryosurgical devices, e.g., four main ways of
      attaching freezing tips to cryoprobes during surgery and an LN2 transfer tube
      with high dexterity are also presented. Finally, the development of commercial
      cryosurgical apparatus in China is also discussed.

PMID- 3698647
TI  - Effect of plasma on the recovery and FDA survival of human granulocytes incubated
      at 37 degrees C after exposure to phosphate-buffered saline or glycerol.

PMID- 3698648
TI  - Anthropological approaches to menopause: questioning received wisdom.
      Introduction.

PMID- 3698649
TI  - Cultural significance and physiological manifestations of menopause. A
      biocultural analysis.
AB  - The perception and experiences of menopause vary cross-culturally. However, the
      lack of physiological symptoms such as hot flashes, in some cultures, calls for
      more explanations beyond social and cultural factors alone. Like other
      developmental events, menopause is a biocultural experience. Therefore, research
      on menopause should consider biocultural factors such as environment, diet,
      fertility patterns and genetic differences that may be involved in the variations
      of menopausal experience.

PMID- 3698650
TI  - Women, menopause, and medicalization.

PMID- 3698651
TI  - The effect of refractive error on pattern electroretinograms in primates.
AB  - The effect of optical blur on the steady-state (6, 8, 10 Hz) counterphase pattern
      electroretinogram (PERG) was measured in three normal cynomolgus monkeys. Blur
      was induced using lenses of -8.00 to +12.00 diopters, and monocular PERGs were
      recorded at a viewing distance of 0.32 meters. A substantial decrease in PERG
      amplitude occurred with a 0.51 cpd grating when +4.00 diopters of blur or greater
      were used. PERG amplitude to a 1.25 cpd grating decreased with lenses greater
      than +2.00 diopters. Minus lenses caused a steep decline in PERG amplitude of
      both spatial frequency gratings. These results indicate that refractive state has
      a significant effect upon the PERG and should be carefully considered in
      electrophysiologic testing of the primate visual system.

PMID- 3698652
TI  - Glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase
      activities in the rhesus monkey lens as a function of age.
AB  - The activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione-S
      transferase were determined in lenses from rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) as a
      function of age. The ages ranged from 137 day old embryos to a 34 year old.
      Glutathione peroxidase activity (units/g lens) occurred at a very low level in
      lenses of fetuses and neonates, but increased dramatically with age, peaking in
      the adult of about 12 to 20 years of age and declining thereafter. Glutathione
      reductase activity (units/g lens) decreased throughout juvenile life, leveling
      off when adulthood was reached (at least 6 years of age). Glutathione-S
      transferase activity showed considerable age-related variation. Calculations show
      that glutathione reductase is rate-limiting in the glutathione redox pathway.

PMID- 3698653
TI  - Interactions of ascorbate and H2O2: implications for in vitro studies of lens and
      cornea.
AB  - The interaction of ascorbate, hydrogen peroxide and oxygen has been examined in
      order to understand the equilibrium between these compounds that exists in the
      aqueous humor of the eye and their influence on function of the corneal
      endothelium. Ascorbate was found to promote corneal swelling when isolated
      corneas were perfused with a medium lacking glucose. This was found to be due to
      the rapid oxidation of ascorbate in the medium, yielding H2O2 which is toxic to
      the endothelial cells. In the absence of oxygen, or if EDTA was added to the
      medium, no H2O2 was produced from ascorbate, but ascorbate reacted with any pre
      existing H2O2. Oxidation of ascorbate in the aqueous humor is limited by the
      presence of glutathione (and, possibly, other compounds) and no significant
      increase in H2O2 concentration occurs on standing in air. Nevertheless, the
      concentration of H2O2 in the aqueous is directly dependent on the concentration
      of ascorbate secreted in the aqueous humor. Therefore, there must be a dynamic
      equilibrium in this fluid between ascorbate, H2O2 and oxygen, and it may be
      modulated by glutathione. Each of these substances is important in redox
      reactions, including free-radical production or scavenging. Consequently, when
      studying the effects on corneal or lenticular function of other agents which
      cause or relieve oxidant stress, it is critical that the modifying effects of
      ascorbate and H2O2, as they occur in vivo, be considered. A perfusion system is
      described which permits an approximation in vitro of stable concentrations of
      ascorbate, H2O2, GSH and O2 similar to those found in the aqueous humor.

PMID- 3698654
TI  - Comparison of controlled-release diazepam capsules and placebo in patients in
      general practice.
AB  - A multi-centre, randomized double-blind parallel study was carried out to compare
      the efficacy and tolerance of a single daily dose of controlled-release (CR)
      capsules of diazepam (10 mg and 15 mg) with placebo under conditions close to
      those of general practice. All patients between 16 and 60 years of age,
      presenting an anxiety syndrome as a result of neurotic disturbance, for whom
      benzodiazepine treatment was indicated for at least 3 weeks, were accepted for
      the study. The results from 231 patients (119 on placebo, 55 on 10 mg and 57 on
      15 mg diazepam) were analyzed after 1 and 3 weeks of treatment. Complaints were
      found to have improved after 1 week and 3 weeks in the controlled-release
      diazepam groups whereas the corresponding results with placebo were clearly less
      favourable. After 1 week, and even more strikingly after 3 weeks, evaluation of
      the general effects of treatment showed better results with diazepam than with
      placebo. The obviously higher rate of drop-outs on placebo confirmed its less
      reliable effect. The controlled-release capsules were well tolerated and notably
      better than placebo. The most frequent side-effect reported on diazepam was
      fatigue, and this was probably due to a relative overdosage from use of a
      standardized dose throughout treatment. Other reported side-effects could not
      definitely be ascribed to the drug. At the end of a week, successful results were
      achieved in 48.2% of the patients on controlled-release diazepam compared with
      only 14.3% of those on placebo. After 3 weeks, these figures were 73.2% and
      30.3%, respectively.

PMID- 3698655
TI  - Evaluation of a vasoactive substance, naftidrofuryl, during the rehabilitation
      phase after an ischaemic insult.
AB  - Sixty-one patients who were undergoing an 8-week course of physical
      rehabilitation, which started on average 30 days after a cerebrovascular
      accident, were entered into a controlled double-blind, randomized study of 600 mg
      naftidrofuryl daily against identical placebo. The following parameters were
      measured before, and at 4 and 8 weeks after onset of treatment: neurological
      examinations by a weighted-assessment system, walking ability, and independence
      in activities of daily living. At the same time, the degree of cerebral lesion
      and brain atrophy were evaluated by CT scan and the size of the EEG deformations
      were estimated. During the first 4 weeks of rehabilitation, the placebo patients
      showed a significant improvement in the neurological symptoms which did not
      continue during the second period of treatment. On the contrary, the
      naftidrofuryl patients showed a continuous improvement in the neurological
      impairment during the whole period of treatment. Thus, at the end of treatment,
      there was a statistical difference between both groups. An explorative analysis
      of the most frequent symptoms showed a significant improvement in the
      naftidrofuryl group in independence in activities of daily living, walking,
      bladder control and sensory syndrome, whilst the changes in the placebo group
      were not statistically significant. Another significant change under treatment
      with naftidrofuryl was found in EEG evaluation which, at the end of the treatment
      period, showed less moderate and severe pathological alterations. Thus the value
      of naftidrofuryl treatment in patients with cerebral vascular accidents may be
      explained by an activation of cerebral metabolism in partially damaged regions of
      the brain, leading to an improvement in learning ability. In this way the
      recovery process that occurs during rehabilitation may be accelerated.

PMID- 3698656
TI  - Treatment of chronic post-traumatic stress disorders.

PMID- 3698657
TI  - Psychotherapy and women: changing issues.

PMID- 3698658
TI  - Psychotherapist malpractice: an emerging risk.

PMID- 3698659
TI  - Malpractice litigation and its impact on physicians.

PMID- 3698660
TI  - Premorbidity and preventive psychiatry.

PMID- 3698661
TI  - Special adolescent diagnosis.

PMID- 3698662
TI  - Functional diagnosis of adult mental disorders.

PMID- 3698663
TI  - Organization of psychiatric services in the U.S.S.R.

PMID- 3698664
TI  - Therapy of epileptic children.

PMID- 3698665
TI  - Psychotherapy and psychoanalysis in neuroses.

PMID- 3698666
TI  - Group psychotherapy and criteria of its efficacy.

PMID- 3698667
TI  - Classification and treatment of endogenous depressions.

PMID- 3698668
TI  - Biologic therapy in a rehabilitation system for mental patients.

PMID- 3698669
TI  - Comprehensive rehabilitation of the mentally ill in the USSR.

PMID- 3698670
TI  - Commentary on the Bekhterev Psychoneurological Institute.

PMID- 3698671
TI  - Systems theory, holism, and psychiatry: a philosophic commentary.

PMID- 3698673
TI  - Institutional therapy for adolescents.

PMID- 3698672
TI  - Child psychotherapy.

PMID- 3698674
TI  - Psychoanalytically-oriented psychotherapy.

PMID- 3698675
TI  - Poetry as therapy.

PMID- 3698676
TI  - Psychotherapy of rape.

PMID- 3698677
TI  - Training psychotherapists for work with ethnic patients.

PMID- 3698678
TI  - The psychoanalytic treatment of older adults with special reference to the
      mourning-liberation process.

PMID- 3698679
TI  - Failure of automated protamine titration to determine the protamine reversal dose
      of systemic heparin: comparison with other methods.

PMID- 3698680
TI  - Mononuclear cells adhere to sites of vascular balloon catheter injury.

PMID- 3698681
TI  - Beneficial effects of magnesium in global myocardial ischemia.

PMID- 3698682
TI  - Primary spontaneous pneumothorax: a community hospital study.

PMID- 3698683
TI  - Shock and the pregnant patient.

PMID- 3698684
TI  - Platelet serology. Research progress and clinical implication. First Canadian
      workshop and conference. Ottawa, April 19-20, 1985.

PMID- 3698685
TI  - Idiosyncratic drug-induced thrombocytopenia.

PMID- 3698686
TI  - Role of lymphocytotoxicity and staph-protein A assays in platelet donor
      selection.

PMID- 3698687
TI  - Random donor platelet cross-matching.

PMID- 3698688
TI  - Myeloproliferative platelet transfusions for alloimmunized patients.

PMID- 3698689
TI  - Did the fat boy snore?

PMID- 3698690
TI  - Smokers' faces. Who are the smokers?

PMID- 3698691
TI  - Ventricular ectopy and diuretic-induced hypokalemia. An alleged association in
      need of clinical and experimental scrutiny.

PMID- 3698692
TI  - Hemodynamic management in clinical acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Dopamine
      vs dobutamine.
AB  - We investigated short-term hemodynamic effects of dopamine and dobutamine in
      eight patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. We tested the hypothesis
      that for a similar increase in cardiac output, left ventricular filling pressure
      (pulmonary capillary wedge pressure [PCWP]) would increase with dopamine and
      decrease with dobutamine. Dopamine increased cardiac output (p less than 0.05),
      stroke volume (p less than 0.05), and PCWP (p less than 0.01). Cardiac output
      increased almost 20 percent when PCWP increased 50 percent with dopamine. In
      contrast, despite a mean 30 percent increase in cardiac output with dobutamine (p
      less than 0.01), PCWP decreased. In six of these patients, left ventricular end
      diastolic volumes and end-systolic volumes were measured using scintigraphic
      techniques. In all patients, end-diastolic volume increased with dopamine (p less
      than 0.05); and in four of six, end-systolic volume increased. In contrast, with
      dobutamine, in five of six patients, end-diastolic volume decreased; and in all
      six patients, end-systolic volume decreased. There was a small increase in
      intrapulmonary shunt with both drugs. We conclude that if an inotropic agent is
      required to increase cardiac output in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory
      failure, dobutamine is probably preferred over dopamine.

PMID- 3698693
TI  - The effect of nifedipine on cardiopulmonary responses during exercise in normal
      subjects.
AB  - We investigated the effects of a single dose of nifedipine (10 mg orally) on
      exercise performance during progressive incremental cycle ergometry in nine
      sedentary normal subjects in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study.
      Maximum work load after nifedipine (213 +/- 42 watts; mean +/- SD) was less than
      after placebo (222 +/- 41 watts; p less than 0.05). Maximum oxygen consumption
      was unchanged. In addition, the drug decreased lactate threshold from 19.7 +/-
      4.9 ml O2/min/kg to 15.5 +/- 5.5 ml O2/min/kg (p less than 0.02); gas exchange
      anaerobic threshold was unaffected. There were higher plasma lactate
      concentrations at low and intermediate exercise intensities after nifedipine
      compared with placebo (p less than 0.05). Systolic blood pressure was lower at
      high work loads (p less than 0.05) and heart rate was higher at low work loads (p
      less than 0.05) after nifedipine. We conclude that the short-term administration
      of nifedipine limits peak performance and increases plasma concentration of
      lactic acid in normal subjects. One or more of the following mechanisms may
      account for these observations: nifedipine decreases blood flow to skeletal
      muscle by diverting blood to nonexercising tissues; nifedipine increases
      catecholamine levels, thereby augmenting lactic acid production; and nifedipine
      decreases skeletal muscular contractility by selectively impairing fatigue
      resistant fibers.

PMID- 3698695
TI  - Ectopic origin of a coronary artery from the aorta. Sudden death in 3 of 23
      patients.
AB  - Ectopic origin of a coronary artery from the aorta is uncommon. In the last
      decade, its importance as a possible cause of sudden death has been documented.
      Initially, only the left coronary artery was implicated. Lately, the ectopically
      arising right coronary artery has also been shown to be involved in cases of
      sudden death. We reviewed the pathologic anatomy in 23 cases of ectopic origin of
      a coronary artery from the aorta. In three of these cases, death could be
      attributed to ectopic origin of a coronary artery. In one case the left coronary
      artery arose from the right aortic sinus, and in two cases the right coronary
      artery arose from the left aortic sinus. In one of these, a scar of healed
      myocardial infarction was present in the inferior wall of the left ventricle. The
      possible mechanism for sudden death in these cases is reviewed and emphasis
      placed on the theory that the acute angle at which the ectopic artery leaves the
      aorta results in a flap-like mechanism at the arterial ostium. Ostial stenosis by
      the flap could be a significant factor in causing myocardial ischemia in some
      patients and also in sudden death.

PMID- 3698696
TI  - Applications of an ultrathin flexible bronchoscope for neonatal and pediatric
      airway problems.
AB  - A new 2.7 mm flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope with a directable tip was used to
      evaluate potential airway problems in 73 pediatric patients. Forty-eight
      laryngoscopies and 47 bronchoscopies were performed over an 18-month period.
      Persistent stridor was the most common indication for laryngoscopy; persistent
      wheezing, the most common indication for bronchoscopy. We obtained diagnostic
      information in 83 procedures, incidental findings in four, and normal results in
      eight. There were four complications and no deaths. This instrument enabled
      patients to be examined who were previously considered too small or who
      previously required rigid bronchoscopy under general anesthesia.

PMID- 3698694
TI  - Absence of benefit of incentive spirometry in low-risk patients undergoing
      elective cholecystectomy. A controlled randomized study.
AB  - To determine the potential benefit of incentive spirometry, which has been
      advocated to prevent pulmonary complications after upper-abdominal surgery, we
      compared a group of patients receiving incentive spirometry to another group
      receiving no specialized postoperative respiratory care. Forty patients in the
      American Society of Anesthesiologists' class 1 and 2 who were undergoing
      cholecystectomy (through right subcostal incision) were included in the study and
      were randomly allocated to one of the two groups. Patients receiving incentive
      spirometry were encouraged by a specialized respiratory physiotherapist to
      breathe deeply for five minutes hourly, 12 times daily, for three postoperative
      days. No statistically significant difference between the two groups was found in
      the radiologic evidence of postoperative pulmonary complications, arterial oxygen
      pressure, spirometric measurement, and clinical evaluation at the second or
      fourth postoperative day (or both). In particular, deterioration on the chest x
      ray film at the fourth postoperative day was observed in eight of 20 patients in
      the group receiving incentive spirometry and in six of 20 in the control group.
      Our study confirms the postoperative deterioration of respiratory function after
      upper-abdominal surgery and demonstrates the lack of therapeutic values of
      incentive spirometry in these patients at low risk for pulmonary complications.

PMID- 3698697
TI  - Respiratory function during pressure support ventilation.
AB  - Pressure support ventilation (PSV) is a pressure assist form of mechanical
      ventilatory support that augments the patient's spontaneous inspiratory efforts
      with a clinician selected level of positive airway pressure. To understand the
      effects of PSV on respiratory function, experiments were performed on 15 stable
      patients requiring synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV), as
      well as on a mechanical model simulating these patients' ventilatory systems. In
      the clinical study, gas exchange, airway pressures, blood pressure and heart rate
      were measured while SIMV was replaced by enough PSV to approximate the baseline
      SIMV tidal volume (VT). Measurements were repeated while this PSV level was then
      reduced in three 5 cm H2O steps every 10 to 15 minutes. It was found that PSV was
      a reasonable form of mechanical ventilatory support in patients with spontaneous
      ventilatory drives. It improves patient comfort, reduces the patient's
      ventilatory work, and provides a more balanced pressure and volume change form of
      muscle work to the patient. The clinical significance of these properties during
      the weaning process remain to be determined.

PMID- 3698698
TI  - A prospective study of acute hypoxic respiratory failure.
AB  - A prospective study of acute hypoxic respiratory failure was carried out by nine
      centers in a collaborative NIH study from 1 September 1975 to 1 March 1977.
      Serious hypoxic respiratory failure was defined in 713 patients by the presence
      of (1) endotracheal intubation and positive airway pressure for at least 24
      hours, and (2) the administration of at least 50 percent oxygen. The 490 patients
      between 12 to 65 years of age had a mortality of 61 percent. Mortality increased
      with increasing organ failure: one organ system failure (lung only) 40 percent;
      two, 54 percent; three, 72 percent; four, 84 percent, five, 100 percent. Only 103
      patients died with isolated lung failure, whereas 353 died of a combination of
      lung and other organ failures. Both the overall mortality (66 percent) and the
      mortality of those with only isolated lung failure (40 percent) were much higher
      than anticipated for the selection criteria.

PMID- 3698699
TI  - Disseminated intravascular coagulation and hypopotassemia associated with blast
      lung injury.
AB  - Forty six people were injured by a large explosive charge detonated in a
      Jerusalem bus. Four were killed instantaneously and 22 needed hospital care. We
      describe our experience in five patients with blast lung injury (BLI), all of
      whom survived in spite of severe respiratory failure requiring mechanical
      ventilation. Disseminated intravascular clotting (DIC) developed in three of the
      five patients and significant hypopotassemia ranging from 2.2 to 2.9 mEq/L in
      four. These two complications have not been previously described in association
      with BLI. Both DIC and hypopotassemia responded to replacement therapy. Vigorous
      treatment of respiratory failure, early recognition, and prompt correction of
      hemostatic and electrolyte abnormalities may have contributed to the avoidance of
      fatalities among the five patients with severe blast injury.

PMID- 3698700
TI  - Pulmonary vascular disease in secundum atrial septal defect with pulmonary
      hypertension.
AB  - Histopathologic and morphometric studies of small pulmonary arteries were
      performed in 16 cases of secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) and severe pulmonary
      hypertension. Besides typical plexogenic arteriopathies found in six cases,
      organized microthrombi and what we call "musculoelastosis," that is,
      proliferation of longitudinal smooth muscle bundles and elastic fibers, were seen
      in small pulmonary arteries in three and four cases, respectively. These changes
      were observed co-existing in the remaining three cases. Thrombi of the small
      pulmonary arteries and musculoelastosis were the forms of pulmonary vascular
      disease characteristically found in the older patients with both ASD and
      pulmonary hypertension. Yamaki's index of pulmonary vascular disease, though
      effective in describing severity of plexogenic arteriopathy, proved to be less so
      for the intimal lesions in old microthrombi and for musculoelastosis. Among the
      cases with plexogenic arteriopathy, there was a positive significant correlation
      between the medial thickness of small pulmonary arteries and peak arterial
      pressure, which, however, was not demonstrated when all the cases of ASD were
      included.

PMID- 3698701
TI  - Breathing patterns in infants utilizing respiratory inductive plethysmography.
AB  - Respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP) is a method that can be used to
      assess breathing patterns in infants without an airway connection. Ribcage and
      abdomen transducers are used which require gain factor calculation for
      calibration. We employed a single position graphic (SPG) calibration technique
      for gain factor calculation in RIP to obtain breathing pattern data for 70
      infants in the quietly awake state. The SPG technique utilizes selection of two
      breaths from a 20s run of breaths with different ribcage/pneumotachograph
      (RC/PNT) and abdomen/pneumotachograph (AB/PNT) ratios for the gain factor
      calculation. Validation of gain factors was performed by comparing volumes
      obtained simultaneously by RIP and PNT. In 46 of the infants, maintenance of gain
      factor accuracy was confirmed following position reversal. Revalidation after
      position change could not be accomplished in 24 infants who were aroused into an
      agitated state. Breathing patterns were collected by RIP alone on the 46 infants
      who remained accurately calibrated in the supine and prone positions. No
      significant correlations were found between breathing pattern data and
      anthropometric characteristics. When the infants were repositioned, no consistent
      pattern of change could be identified. This study suggests that the SPG technique
      provides time-efficient and accurate calibration of RIP in the newborn infant.
      Furthermore, accuracy is maintained through position change if the infant remains
      in the same behavioral state. Breathing pattern data presented is representative
      of normative values in the quietly awake state for our study population.

PMID- 3698702
TI  - Endobronchial tuberculosis revisited.
AB  - Analysis was made of 20 patients with endobronchial tuberculosis proven by
      fiberoptic bronchoscopy and bronchial biopsy. Unlike prechemotherapy reports, the
      disease affects the older age group and more men. Only one half of the patients
      had fever, and the characteristic localized wheeze was found in 15 percent of
      cases. Chest roentgenogram showed typical collapse-consolidation in most cases;
      however, it was clear in 20 percent of patients. Sputum/smear was negative for
      AFB in 85 percent of patients. When the gelatinous granulation tissue was not
      found during bronchoscopy, a diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma was made
      incorrectly in 30 percent of patients. At a mean period of 27 months
      postchemotherapy, all 12 patients recalled for study developed bronchostenosis
      proven by bronchoscopy/bronchography except one. Noninvasive methods such as
      chest roentgenogram and flow-volume loops were insensitive for detection of
      stenosis. Steroid therapy probably did not influence outcome of tuberculous
      endobronchitis.

PMID- 3698703
TI  - Antileukoprotease in sputum during bronchial infections.
AB  - Production of sputum and concentrations of antileukoprotease (ALP) in sputum were
      serially measured in hypersecreting patients with recurrent or chronic bronchial
      infections. Patients with stable continuous mucoid (n = 4) or purulent (n = 5)
      secretions had constant sputum concentrations of ALP and a calculated daily
      production of 1.4 and 1.9 mg of ALP per 24 hours, respectively. In patients with
      overt recurrent bronchial infections, production of sputum and the ALP
      concentration were found to be negatively correlated during treatment with
      antibiotics (n = 14) and during the coming (n = 5) of an exacerbation. Daily
      production of ALP was rather constant in these groups (2.4 and 4.8 mg,
      respectively, per 24 hours). While ALP was not behaving like an acute-phase
      protein, bronchial infection appeared to be a determinant for production of ALP;
      however, between individual patients with comparable severity of disease, total
      production of ALP varied over tenfold. Therefore, bronchial infection is not the
      only factor in determining production of ALP.

PMID- 3698704
TI  - Cardiac surgery in perspective.

PMID- 3698705
TI  - Atrial tachycardia with 4:3 Wenckebach exit conduction.

PMID- 3698706
TI  - Lung mass in a five-year-old girl.

PMID- 3698707
TI  - Uncertainties in the interpretation of abnormal ventricular wall motion.

PMID- 3698708
TI  - Lady's heart.

PMID- 3698709
TI  - Surgical implications of intraoperative postinfarction ventricular rupture.
AB  - This case report documents that ventricular myocardial rupture after acute
      infarction may seal with clot, only to rupture again with potentially lethal
      consequences. At exploration, the clot over a fresh rupture was intact. As
      closure was started, the clot disrupted, causing severe hemorrhage. Rupture was
      successfully repaired and the patient survived.

PMID- 3698710
TI  - Acute diverticulitis following cardiac surgery.
AB  - Gastrointestinal complications requiring surgical correction following
      cardiopulmonary bypass most frequently involve the upper gastrointestinal tract.
      Surgical diseases of the colon are quite unusual in this setting. We recently
      performed cardiac surgery on three patients who developed acute diverticulitis
      requiring laparotomy in the early postoperative period. The presentation and
      management of this disorder after open heart surgery are discussed.

PMID- 3698711
TI  - Amyloid infiltration of the diaphragm as a cause of respiratory failure.
AB  - Respiratory involvement with amyloidosis typically involves the tracheobronchial
      tree or lung parenchyma. We describe a patient with systemic amyloidosis who was
      respirator-dependent because of extensive amyloid infiltration of the diaphragm,
      with no evidence of other pulmonary amyloidosis. Diaphragmatic myopathy from
      amyloid should be considered in respiratory failure in amyloidosis.

PMID- 3698712
TI  - The ethics of technology.

PMID- 3698713
TI  - Role of right heart catheterization.

PMID- 3698714
TI  - Amiodarone pulmonary toxicity.

PMID- 3698715
TI  - Venous thromboembolism: prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Symposium
      proceedings.

PMID- 3698716
TI  - Venous thromboembolism. Scope of the problem.

PMID- 3698717
TI  - Surgical prophylaxis of pulmonary embolism.

PMID- 3698718
TI  - The use of dihydroergotamine and heparin in the prophylaxis of deep venous
      thrombosis.
AB  - Three factors leading to the development of postoperative deep venous thrombosis
      (DVT) are the hypercoagulable state, stasis, and vein wall injury, which occur in
      patients undergoing surgical procedures. Vein wall injury is thought to occur as
      a smooth muscle response to surgical trauma in veins distant from the operative
      site. Heparin and dihydroergotamine (DHE) were combined in an attempt to decrease
      the hypercoagulable factor and minimize stasis. We believe that by maintaining
      venous smooth muscle tone, the degree of endothelial damage is also diminished.
      Low-dose heparin acts through its effect of factor Xa and activation of
      antithrombin III; DHE selectively increases venous smooth muscle tone to
      accelerate venous blood flow velocity and minimize venous pooling. The European
      experience with combination DHE-heparin prophylaxis shows that this combination
      is more effective than either agent alone, and studies on orthopedic patients
      have shown that DHE/5,000 is effective in preventing postoperative DVT in this
      high-risk group. In the US, the Multicenter Trial evaluated postoperative DVT in
      general surgical patients. The combination of DHE/5,000 was statistically more
      effective in the prophylaxis of postoperative DVT than placebo (p = 0.0011). The
      interim results of an ongoing Multicenter Trial on the prophylaxis of
      postoperative DVT in patients undergoing total hip replacement indicate that
      DHE/5000 has significant prophylactic efficacy compared to placebo. It is
      proposed that the mechanism of action of the DHE-heparin combination is
      synergistic, since all 3 limbs of Virchow's triad are potentially affected.

PMID- 3698719
TI  - The use of radioisotopes in the management of venous thromboembolism.

PMID- 3698720
TI  - The diagnosis of clinically suspected pulmonary embolism. Practical approaches.

PMID- 3698721
TI  - Treatment of venous thromboembolism.

PMID- 3698722
TI  - Autoradiographic evidence for penetration of 3H-ceftriaxone (Rocephin) into cells
      of spleen, liver and kidney of mice.
AB  - Ceftriaxone (Rocephin), a broad-spectrum parenteral cephalosporin with an
      exceptionally long elimination half-life, has a marked activity against both
      Salmonella typhimurium infections in mice and typhoid fever in man. This study
      investigates autoradiographically the penetration of ceftriaxone into murine
      cells of liver, spleen and kidney, with emphasis on the cells of the
      reticuloendothelial system (RES). The RES is an important site of localization of
      the pathogenic agent of typhoid fever. An incorporation of ceftriaxone was found
      in several cell types of the three investigated organs, in particular the cells
      of the RES and in precursors, e.g. monocytes of the blood stream, Kupffer cells
      or reticular cells. Besides long biological half-life, satisfactory penetration
      into phagocytes and other tissue cells has been shown, which is essential to the
      good in vivo activity of ceftriaxone against systemic Salmonella infections.

PMID- 3698724
TI  - Effects of rifampin and isoniazid on the isolated perfused rat liver.
AB  - The effect of the antitubercular drugs rifampin and isoniazid on the function of
      the isolated, perfused rat liver was evaluated by monitoring the rate of bile
      flow and sulfobromophthalein (BSP) clearance. The effect of rifampin on bile flow
      was biphasic: rifampin concentration of 100 micrograms/ml increased the flow to
      134% of baseline, while 1,000 micrograms/ml decreased the flow to 58% of baseline
      (p less than 0.01 for both). Rifampin also caused a dose-dependent inhibition of
      BSP removal from the perfusate and excretion in the bile. Isoniazid had no
      adverse effect on bile flow and BSP clearance, and the combination of isoniazid
      and rifampin had the same effects on the perfused liver as rifampin alone.

PMID- 3698723
TI  - Enhancement of NK-cell activity in normal and tumor-bearing mice after
      administration of aclacinomycin.
AB  - Aclacinomycin (ACM) a new cytotoxic antibiotic employed in cancer chemotherapy,
      can either enhance or inhibit the NK-cell activity of the immune system,
      depending on the dose administered. A single intraperitoneal injection of 2-4
      mg/kg of ACM augments the cytolytic activity by spleen and peritoneal exudate
      cells of normal mice and spleen cells depleted of nylon-adherent cells and
      peritoneal exudate cells of tumor-bearing mice. In contrast to the stimulatory
      effect of NK-cell activity by low doses of ACM, a single injection of 8 mg/kg of
      this agent leads to depression in the level of NK-cell activity in both normal
      and tumor-bearing animals. We suggest that the mechanism through which the ACM
      enhances NK-cell activity may be through the deletion of a suppressor cell
      population acting on the NK cells.

PMID- 3698725
TI  - Therapeutic efficacy of cefpiramide and cefoperazone alone and in combination
      with gentamicin against pseudomonal infections in neutropenic mice.
AB  - Cefpiramide and cefoperazone alone and in combination with gentamicin were
      compared for therapeutic efficacy against pseudomonal infections in normal mice
      and in mice made neutropenic by administration of cyclophosphamide. Neutropenic
      mice were more susceptible to infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa than normal
      mice. At all challenge doses, combination therapy with either cefpiramide
      gentamicin or cefoperazone-gentamicin was more effective than that with a single
      agent. Therapy with the cefpiramide-gentamicin combination was significantly more
      active than that with the cefoperazone-gentamicin combination in protecting mice
      from fatal bacteremia. Pharmacokinetic studies in mice showed that cefpiramide
      attained a peak serum concentration of 12 micrograms/ml and a serum half-life of
      40 min, which are higher than attained by cefoperazone with values of 4
      micrograms/ml and 18 min. These factors may have caused the combined cefpiramide
      gentamicin therapy to result in significantly improved survival rates in mice as
      well as in higher bactericidal titers than the cefoperazone-gentamicin
      combination. The results show that cefpiramide when combined with gentamicin is
      effective in treating serious infections with P. aeruginosa in neutropenic mice.

PMID- 3698726
TI  - Single- versus multiple-dose mezlocillin prophylaxis in emergency cesarean
      section.
AB  - 163 patients undergoing emergency cesarean section were prospectively and
      randomized evaluated to determine the effect of mezlocillin in reducing
      postoperative morbidity. We compared a single 5-gram preoperative dose and a
      perioperative 3-dose regimen, each of 2 g, with a placebo. Postoperative
      morbidity was reduced from 65% in the placebo group to 20% in the groups
      receiving mezlocillin (p less than 0.005). The incidences of febrile morbidity,
      endometritis and urinary tract infection were all significantly lower in both
      groups given mezlocillin. There was no difference in the reduction of morbidity
      between the two groups receiving mezlocillin. The main advantages of the
      prophylaxis included a shorter hospitalization and the absence of serious
      infections in the treated groups.

PMID- 3698727
TI  - Ceftriaxone kinetics and cerebrospinal fluid penetration in infants and children
      with meningitis.
AB  - 20 patients (0.4-5.6 years old) receiving ceftriaxone for the treatment of
      bacterial meningitis were studied. Simultaneous serum and cerebrospinal fluid
      concentrations of ceftriaxone were determined by HPLC in 15 patients at 11.4-12.8
      h after an intravenous loading dose of 75 mg/kg. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid
      concentrations ranged from 20.5 to 44.9 (31.3 +/- 7.8) and from 1.1 to 8.0 (3.7
      +/- 1.8) micrograms/ml, respectively. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations ranged
      from 3 to 25% (12 +/- 6%) of the simultaneous serum concentrations. In 6
      patients, serum and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations were determined after
      maintenance doses of 50 mg/kg/12 h. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations
      ranged from 120 to 144 and 2.3-4.9 micrograms/ml at 1.8-5.5 h after the first
      maintenance dose in 2 patients; 74-139 and 5.7-7.9 micrograms/ml at 1.3-5.8 h
      after the second dose in 3 patients and was 101 and 4.1 micrograms/ml at 4 h
      after the 3rd dose in 1 patient. Multiple blood samples were collected after the
      loading dose in 5 patients and after 9-10 days of maintenance doses in 3
      patients. Steady-state peak and trough serum concentrations ranged from 295 to
      440 and 32.6-44.8 micrograms/ml, respectively. After the loading and maintenance
      dose at steady-state, total body clearance averaged 1.17 and 0.64 ml/min (p =
      0.01); apparent volume of distribution averaged 0.37 and 0.26 l/kg (p greater
      than 0.05); and elimination half-life averaged 3.7 and 4.6 h (p = 0.01),
      respectively. These results suggest that (1) adequate cerebrospinal fluid
      concentrations of ceftriaxone can be achieved in patients with meningitis with
      the dosage regimen studied.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3698729
TI  - DSM-III diagnostic classification of 100 preschoolers in a child development
      unit.

PMID- 3698728
TI  - Penicillin concentrations in serum following weekly injections of benzathine
      penicillin G.
AB  - Twelve patients with syphilis were treated weekly with injections of 1.44 g (2.4
      X 10(6) IU) of benzathine penicillin G for up to 3 weeks. Almost daily, serum
      penicillin concentrations were measured by a sensitive microbiological agar cup
      method. An individual and interindividual variation was found. Concentrations
      below the recommended 0.018 micrograms/ml were found 7 days after the first or
      second injection in 5 samples. Shorter intervals between injections are
      recommended.

PMID- 3698730
TI  - The measurement of children's sleep disturbances and somatic complaints following
      a disaster.

PMID- 3698731
TI  - Characteristics of emotionally disturbed children referred for special education
      assessment.

PMID- 3698732
TI  - Psychiatric diagnosis and school placement: a comparison between inpatients and
      outpatients.

PMID- 3698733
TI  - Helping school personnel understand the student with cancer: workshop evaluation.

PMID- 3698734
TI  - [Thoracic closure following open heart surgery with a coated polyester suture.
      Report of experiences in over 2,437 cases].

PMID- 3698735
TI  - [Ureteral rupture caused by blunt abdominal trauma].

PMID- 3698736
TI  - [Fibrous bone dysplasia of the proximal phalanx of the middle finger. Description
      of the disease picture based on a case report].

PMID- 3698737
TI  - [Record-keeping obligation of a resident performing surgery without supervision].

PMID- 3698738
TI  - [Implant material in the skeletal system].

PMID- 3698739
TI  - [Vascular prostheses].

PMID- 3698740
TI  - [Pacemaker models].

PMID- 3698741
TI  - [Key role of the CEA test in the diagnosis and surgical therapy of recurrent
      colorectal cancer].
AB  - Between 1978 and 1984, 87 patients with recurrent colorectal cancer have been
      operated upon. In 10 of 35 patients with locoregional recurrence and 24 of 52
      with distant metastases therapy was potentially curative. Of 87 patients 73 had
      elevated CEA levels (greater than or equal to 5 ng/ml) at the time of diagnosis.
      In 65 of 73 patients the CEA increase preceded the recognition of recurrence and
      in 14 patients the diagnosis could be confirmed only by a second-look operation.
      Patients with metastases (91.3%) showed CEA elevation more often than those with
      locoregional recurrence (71.4%). Patients with operable disease had significantly
      (p less than 0.05) lower CEA values (median 19.7 ng/ml) than those with
      inoperable recurrent carcinomas (median 36.9 ng/ml).

PMID- 3698742
TI  - [Therapy of hydrofluoric acid burns].
AB  - Treatment of hydrofluoric acid burns differs very much from treatment of other
      acid burns. Incorrect anamnestic data caused a delayed specified therapy on one
      of our patients, who had a cardiac arrest several hours after the accident. We
      suggest to control serum-electrolytes frequently in every major acid burn and
      have a chemist analyse the acid at the site of the accident, even if the
      anamnestic statements seem "reliable".

PMID- 3698743
TI  - Stable versus unstable orientations of sex chromosomes in two grasshopper
      species.
AB  - The structural basis of orientation stability was investigated. The stable
      unipolar orientation of the Melanoplus sanguinipes X-chromosome univalent is
      unique in that it is stable without tension created by forces towards opposite
      poles; tension is thought to be the principle component in stabilizing
      kinetochore orientations to a pole. Stable orientation of the X chromosome in
      Melanoplus sanguinipes was compared with unstable X orientation in Melanoplus
      differentialis. Ten cells (five of each species) were studied, firstly in living
      cultures where chromosome behavior was followed, then by serial-section electron
      microscopy where the structural basis for chromosome behavior was examined.
      Microtubules other than kinetochore microtubules were observed impinging on the X
      chromosomes. One end of these microtubules was buried in chromatin, while the
      other ran toward a pole. The X chromosomes of M. sanguinipes had more of these
      microtubules than did M. differentialis X chromosomes. It is suggested that M.
      sanguinipes X chromosomes are less condensed than M. differentialis X chromosomes
      and so allow more microtubules to penetrate the chromosome. The extra
      microtubules impinging on the M. sanguinipes X chromosome probably prevent
      reorientation by inhibiting the turning of the chromosome towards the opposite
      pole, i.e., more force is needed to turn a kinetochore towards the opposite pole
      than can be generated and attempts at reorientation fail. This may be analogous
      to the effect that tension has on the orientation stability of bivalents.

PMID- 3698745
TI  - Loop formation and synaptic adjustment in a human male heterozygous for two
      pericentric inversions.
AB  - Pachytene analysis was undertaken in an infertile male heterozygous for two
      pericentric inversions of chromosomes 1 and 9. The synaptic behaviour of the
      bivalent 1 inversion was the most informative. Analysis of the chromomere pattern
      combined with centromeric heterochromatin staining allowed precise description of
      synaptic initiation and extension leading to the homosynapsed loop. These
      techniques also allowed demonstration of the existence of heterosynapsis
      following alignment of the inverted segments. Non-homologous synapsed bivalents
      had the morphological aspects of straight bivalents with two distant blocks of
      centromeric heterochromatin. The numbering of the autosomal bivalent chromomeres
      at various successive phases of the inversion loop behaviour of bivalent 1
      permitted us an alternative approach to the timing of pachytene.

PMID- 3698744
TI  - Gene mapping on human metaphase chromosomes by in situ hybridization with 3H,
      35S, and 32P labeled probes and transmission electron microscopy.
AB  - A method based on in situ hybridization, autoradiography and transmission
      electron microscopy for mapping genes on human metaphase chromosomes is
      presented. Successful mapping of the tandemly repeated rDNA genes and of two
      nucleic acid probes, N-myc and probe 3 (Kanda et al. 1983), that are amplified in
      a homogeneously staining region (HSR) of the neuroblastoma cell line, IMR-32 is
      described. By using sufficiently thin AgBr emulsions, it is possible to obtain
      observable grains and good resolution with probes radiolabeled with 3H, 35S, or
      32P, but the former gives the best results. We observe that neither of the two
      probes, N-myc and probe 3, has a uniform spatial distribution along the HSR and
      that the distributions of the two probes differ from each other. These
      observations support previous studies which indicated that the formation of an
      HSR is a more complex process than uniform amplification of a single DNA segment
      to form an n-fold set of perfect tandem repeats. The present study shows that the
      electron microscopic method is useful for extending the results of light
      microscopic studies for problems where higher resolution mapping is needed.

PMID- 3698746
TI  - Maternal ageing and nondisjunction: a comparative study of two chromosomal
      techniques on the formation of univalents in first meiotic metaphase oocytes of
      the mouse.
AB  - The incidence of univalents was compared between slides prepared according to two
      clearly different chromosomal methods, i.e. Tarkowski's method and ours, in order
      to examine whether a univalent pair could be formed artifactually at the first
      meiotic metaphase (MI). The oocytes used were obtained from young (2-3 months)
      and old (12-15 months) age groups of both C57BL/6 and dd mice. In Tarkowski's
      method only a single fixative was used, while in our method three different
      fixatives were used successively in order to fix oocytes without their being
      ruptured. Despiralized, fuzzy and loosely associated chromatids were seen
      frequently in the slides prepared by Tarkowski's method, while such features were
      seen less frequently in the slides prepared by our method. The incidence of
      oocytes with univalents in the slides made by Tarkowski's method was much higher
      than in those made by ours in both age and strain groups (P less than 0.05
      0.001). Thus, it was confirmed that the so-called univalents could be produced
      artifactually. The results did not support the production line hypothesis of
      Henderson and Edwards (1968) which was based on their observation of an increased
      incidence of univalents in MI oocytes from aged female mice.

PMID- 3698747
TI  - Male pachytene pairing in single and double translocation heterozygotes and
      spermatogenic impairment in the mouse.
AB  - In order to clarify the relationship between meiotic pairing and progress of
      spermatogenesis, an analysis of male meiotic pairing was carried out in four
      reciprocal translocation heterozygotes and two double heterozygotes for two semi
      identical reciprocal translocations. The reciprocal translocations were chosen to
      range from fertility (T70H/+) through almost complete sterility (T31H/+) to
      complete sterility (T32H/+, T42/H+). If meiotic pairing in the translocation
      multivalent was incomplete, it concerned terminal or probably more often proximal
      chromosome segments (Chain IV). If both segments failed to pair the multivalent
      symbol is Chain III + I. Complete pairing is symbolized by Ring IV. To contrast
      and complement observations of this type, the double heterozygotes were
      introduced. Males of this type in theory possess two heteromorphic bivalents with
      a central area of incomplete meiotic pairing (loop formation). Of the T70H/T1Wa
      double heterozygotes, 36% of the males are capable of inducing at least one
      decidual reaction in two females whereas for T26H/T2Wa, 79% of the males can do
      so. For the reciprocal translocations, it was found that proximity of the
      multivalent to the sex bivalent during pachytene increased in the order Ring IV,
      Chain IV, Chain III + I. The degree of spermatogenic impairment as measured from
      cell counts in histological sections and tubular whole mounts, is positively
      related to the frequency of proximity between the sex chromosomes and the
      translocation multivalent and thus to lack of meiotic pairing within the
      multivalent. The meiotic pairing analysis of the double heterozygotes yielded the
      following findings. For the long heteromorphic bivalents a true loop was never
      seen in T70H/T1Wa and only rarely observed in T26H/T2Wa. Small marker bivalents
      of both types were usually recognizable by the following criteria: pairing
      confined to distal or proximal segments, both distal and proximal segments
      pairing and loop formation and pairing covering the entire length of both
      "homologues" but the longer one often with a "thickened" lateral element. The
      same positive correlation between the absence of pairing (proximal, distal or
      central) and the proximity of the small marker bivalent synaptonemal complex to
      the sex bivalent has been found as for unpaired segments within reciprocal
      translocation multivalents. One unexpected finding was the occurrence of diploid
      spermatids and spermatozoa especially in T32H/+ males (70-91%) but also in T31H/+
      (3-39%).

PMID- 3698748
TI  - Heat shock responses in polytene foot pad cells of Sarcophaga bullata.
AB  - Heat shock induces a single large puff (hs puff) near the tip of chromosome arm
      EL in polytene foot pad cells of fly pupae (Sarcophaga bullata). The inducible hs
      locus is constitutively active, invariably forming a small puff, which can be
      maximally activated in cells of the dorsal epidermis or in trichogen cells at any
      time during the lifetime of mature polytene chromosomes. Both in vivo and in
      cultured food pads, maximal puff induction occurs at 37 degrees C. At the same
      temperature, normal development of puffing patterns continues undisrupted for
      several days. A few specific hs proteins are vigorously induced at 37 degrees C,
      also without disrupting patterns of normal protein synthesis. Rates of normal
      protein synthesis in cultured food pads and rates of pupal development are
      enhanced up to about 39 degrees C. During heat shock at 41 degrees-44 degrees C
      protein synthesis becomes completely dominated by the production of hs proteins.
      The severe or complete suppression of most of the proteins normally made is
      followed by developmental arrest. There is also a decline of transcription
      (chromosomal uridine incorporation) between 37 degrees and 44 degrees C, which
      appears to affect all chromosomal loci proportionally, including the hs locus.
      The hs puff is no longer maximally induced at 41 degrees-44 degrees C, but the
      expanded puff now persists indefinitely, whereas below 39 degrees C, initial puff
      expansion is always followed by at least partial puff regression. The control of
      the duration of the puffing response appears to be entirely independent of
      protein synthesis, e.g., complete inhibition of protein synthesis by
      cycloheximide fails to prolong transient puffing responses. Canavanine also has
      no effect on puff regression. Heat shock above 45 degrees C arrests all RNA and
      protein synthesis within 30 min. RNA synthesis is resumed immediately after shift
      down to 25 degrees C, not only at the hs locus, but at most or all previously
      active loci. Protein synthesis is also resumed immediately, but it is almost
      completely restricted to the production of the major hs protein (hsp-65,
      equivalent to hsp-70 of Drosophila melanogaster). Extreme heat shock also
      triggers maximal puffing responses at the hs locus, but actual puff expansion is
      delayed and only occurs hours after shift-down in the wake of a surge of hsp-65
      synthesis. Following these delayed hs responses pupal thermotolerance starts
      increasing and protein synthesis returns to normal.

PMID- 3698749
TI  - Induction of a heat shock puff by hypoxia in polytene foot pad chromosomes of
      Sarcophaga bullata.
AB  - The single large heat-responsive puff (hs puff) in polytene foot pad cells of fly
      pupae (Sarcophaga bullata) is shown to be inducible by oxygen deprivation but
      not, as in other systems, by reoxygenation following an hypoxic treatment. The
      ambient oxygen concentration must drop below 2% for the hs puff to be maximally
      induced but the puff is fully inducible and transcriptionally active even in the
      complete absence of oxygen. Lack of oxygen is also compatible with continued
      transport of puff materials (formation and dissipation of puff droplets at the hs
      locus). Hypoxia-induced hs puffs persist indefinitely (greater than 2 days) at
      maximal or intermediate size and only regress completely after oxygen is
      resupplied. The induction of the hs puff during hypoxia is highly specific and
      does not seem to involve activation of any other chromosomal loci, yet the
      reaction is not confined to the giant foot pad cells or to specific developmental
      stages. Azide poisoning of cultured foot pads simulates the in vivo effects of
      hypoxia. The induction of the hs puff by azide, heat, or other means is inhibited
      by sulfhydryl reagents (iodoacetamide, arsenite) and fluoride, but not by an
      inhibitor of substrate-linked phosphorylation (arsenate). Instead, arsenate, like
      other uncouplers (2,4-dinitrophenol) is an inducer of the hs locus. The hs puff
      can be fully induced by hypoxia at any temperature between 2 degrees and 45
      degrees C. The rate of puff expansion is strictly temperature dependent and the
      temperature characteristics of this process are remarkably similar to those of a
      promoter RNA polymerase association.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3698750
TI  - Mammalian sex chromosomes. I. Cytological changes in the chiasmatic sex
      chromosomes of the male musk shrew, Suncus murinus.
AB  - The X and Y chromosomes of the musk shrew are the two largest in the complement
      and they regularly form a single chiasma during meiosis. This chiasma is located
      in the short arms of the X and Y, both of which show partial C-banding at
      meiosis. The in vitro incorporation of 5-bromodeoxyuridine/tritiated thymidine
      during late S reveals that the non-C-band region of the Y finishes replication
      later than the C-band positive heterochromatin. During meiosis, the sex bivalent
      opens out early in pachytene to reveal a single chiasma which persists until late
      metaphase-I. In surface-spread, silver-stained meiocytes, the sex bivalent
      morphology changes from a phase of extensive pairing to one which includes a
      visible chiasma through a brief diffuse stage. Observations on C-banded meiocytes
      show a shift in the sex pair from a C-band positive to a negative state as
      compared to their corresponding somatic pattern. Comparable changes are also
      observed in the sex bivalents of other mammals which undergo a chiasmatic
      exchange. This suggests that in addition to pairing homology, an alteration in
      the chromatin configuration may be necessary for crossing over to occur between
      the sex chromosomes.

PMID- 3698751
TI  - The role of nasointestinal intubation in elective colonic surgery.
AB  - One hundred thirty-eight consecutive patients undergoing elective colonic
      resections were treated prospectively and randomly with either a long intestinal
      (Cantor) tube preoperatively, a nasogastric tube placed intraoperatively, or no
      gastrointestinal tube at all. Patients were evaluated for length of hospital
      stay, duration of postoperative ileus, adequacy of intraoperative intestinal
      decompression, gastric dilatation, and operative complications. No significant
      difference could be seen in the tubed or no-tube group.

PMID- 3698752
TI  - Temporary ileostomy for ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Function and complications.
AB  - The function and complications associated with temporary ileostomies were
      reviewed in patients undergoing ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. A series of 180
      patients had temporary ileostomies established (157 loop, 23 Brooke). Patients
      with incomplete fecal diversion had a significantly higher incidence of pouch
      anal anastomotic complications (44 percent) than did those with complete
      diversion (14 percent). Patients with loop ileostomies were more likely than
      patients with Brooke ileostomies to develop technique-related complications (18
      percent vs. 13 percent) and peristomal irritation (54 percent vs. 26 percent).
      The most frequent complications after take-down of the ileostomy were transient
      bowel obstruction (13 percent) and peritonitis (7 percent). These complications
      could not be related to the type of stoma used or the interval to closure.
      Temporary diversion of a pouch-anal anastomosis decreased the incidence of
      anastomotic complications. These ileostomies, however, are associated with a
      significant risk of complications, which can be minimized by meticulous surgical
      technique.

PMID- 3698753
TI  - The role of colonoscopy in the assessment of patients with colorectal cancer.
AB  - A retrospective review of 176 patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon who
      underwent total colonoscopy preoperatively demonstrated synchronous carcinomas in
      3.4 percent and synchronous polyps in 55.1 percent. Full-column barium enemas (68
      patients) failed to identify cancer in 22 percent of patients and synchronous
      polyps in 58 percent of patients, a statistically significant (P less than 0.001)
      number of false-negative examinations. Double-contrast barium enemas (30
      patients) failed to identify cancer in 27 percent of patients and synchronous
      polyps in 42 percent of patients, also a statistically significant (P less than
      0.007) number of false-negative examinations. Full column and air contrast barium
      enemas identified all index cancers with distant metastases. Air-contrast barium
      enemas failed to identify 40 percent of "early" index cancers (confined to the
      bowel wall, negative nodes), and full-column barium enemas failed to identify 32
      percent. The incidence of synchronous carcinoma and polyps underscores the need
      for total colon evaluation when a primary carcinoma is detected. Because of the
      poor accuracy of barium studies, total colonoscopy is the method of choice for
      this evaluation.

PMID- 3698754
TI  - Strictureplasty. A good operation for small bowel Crohn's disease?
AB  - Seven patients with widespread, active, stricturing, small intestinal Crohn's
      disease and two with localized disease were treated by a total of 45
      strictureplasties. They have been followed up for a mean of 20 months (range 6 to
      30). Two patients had early postoperative complications with enterocutaneous
      fistulas, one of which may have been related to a strictureplasty. The two
      patients with localized disease remain well after 16 and 30 months. Of the seven
      patients with extensive small bowel disease, two are well six and 28 months after
      surgery. Recurrent symptoms developed in six patients two to six months
      postoperatively; four of those patients required further surgery. Previous
      reports of strictureplasty in inactive Crohn's strictures suggest it is a safe
      operation with good long-term results. Strictureplasty in active Crohn's disease
      has a much higher recurrence rate of symptoms. Because it is a conservative
      operation, however, we believe it has a place in the surgical treatment of
      Crohn's disease.

PMID- 3698755
TI  - Clinical and operative experience with non-Caucasian patients with Crohn's
      disease.
AB  - Fifteen black patients with Crohn's disease were seen during a ten-year period
      (1975-1985). They represented 11 percent of our experience with Crohn's disease
      during that time. These patients had an earlier age of onset of Crohn's symptoms
      than our white patients, and correct diagnosis was delayed for an average of four
      years. All 15 patients required abdominal surgery, and seven (47 percent)
      suffered recurrences necessitating additional abdominal operations. The five-year
      actuarial estimate of probability of reoperation was 77 percent. Extraintestinal
      manifestations were present in all patients, and six (40 percent) had multiple
      manifestations. These disease manifestations are more severe than those noted in
      series that studied predominantly caucasian Crohn's populations, and suggest that
      Crohn's disease in the black patient is a distinctly aggressive form.

PMID- 3698756
TI  - Local recurrence of adenocarcinoma of the rectosigmoid. Is postoperative adjuvant
      radiotherapy justified?
AB  - Adjuvant postoperative radiation therapy has been suggested for adenocarcinoma of
      the rectum and sigmoid colon to reduce the incidence of local recurrences.
      Determination of this incidence is necessary to optimally employ such adjuvant
      therapies. Ninety-nine patients with adenocarcinoma of the rectum or sigmoid who
      had surgery from 1976-1984 were reviewed. Follow-up ranged from one to eight
      years (average 4.1 years). Twenty-three patients had gross unresected residual
      tumor due to local invasion. Fifteen of the remaining 76 have developed
      recurrences (20 percent). Two patients (2.6 percent) had local recurrences
      without concurrent regional or distant metastases. Thus local recurrences rarely
      are encountered without concurrent regional or distant metastases. Therefore,
      postoperative radiation therapy to prevent local recurrences is not justified,
      given the small number of patients potentially benefited. Treatment modalities
      will need to address regional and distant metastases in addition to local
      recurrences.

PMID- 3698757
TI  - Prognosis of cloacogenic and squamous cancers of the anal canal.
AB  - From 1968 to 1982, 195 patients with invasive cancer of the anal canal were
      treated (average age, 67 +/- 11 years; range, 38 to 85 years; sex ratio
      [women/men]: 5/1). Histology revealed: cloacogenic cancer, 20 cases; squamous
      cancer, poorly differentiated, 30; moderately differentiated, 68; well
      differentiated, 77. The initial size of the cloacogenic cancers was smaller than
      the squamous cancers. Invasion less than half the circumference of the canal was
      90 and 74 percent, respectively. No patients with cloacogenic cancer presented
      with positive inguinal nodes; however, there were 22 unilateral and five
      bilateral positive nodes in the squamous cancers. All 195 patients received
      radiotherapy as the first treatment. There were no differences among the patients
      operated on with respect to sterilized operative specimens, postradiotherapy
      sequelae, perineal recurrences, and/or visceral metastases in the cloacogenic and
      squamous cancers. Five-year survival was better in cloacogenic (62 percent) than
      in squamous cancers (56 percent); this difference was not significant, and was
      related to the initial size of the tumor. The number of patients with no evidence
      of disease and good anal function was significantly related to the initial size
      of the tumor, and was independent of the histologic findings.

PMID- 3698758
TI  - Entrapped ovary syndrome.
AB  - Formulation of pelvic cysts afer proctectomy is an entity which is described in
      this paper with the cause supposed to be due to descent of the ovary from an
      intraperitoneal to an extraperitoneal position at the time of proctectomy. A
      simple surgical technique for fixing the ovary out of the pelvis to prevent this
      complication is described.

PMID- 3698759
TI  - The incidence of amyloidosis complicating inflammatory bowel disease. A
      prospective survey of 177 patients.
AB  - Three cases of secondary amyloidosis are reported, two in patients who had
      unequivocal Crohn's disease and one in whom the clinical course was that of
      Crohn's disease, but with histologic findings that were more suggestive of
      ulcerative colitis. All had evidence of renal failure. A prospective study of 177
      patients with inflammatory bowel disease of greater than five years' duration was
      carried out in an attempt to establish the incidence of secondary amyloidosis,
      using rectal biopsy and simple renal function tests. No new cases were found.
      Neither was there evidence of renal failure due to other conditions. In the
      absence of renal dysfunction, a search for secondary amyloidosis probably is not
      justified.

PMID- 3698760
TI  - "Spermatocele" following abdominoperineal resection and radiotherapy.
AB  - A 60-year-old man developed repeated spermatic fluid collection in the small
      pelvis following abdominoperineal resection and radiotherapy for carcinoma of the
      rectum. The "spermatocele" was due to a fistula originating in the vasoseminal
      vesicle junction. This complication has not been described previously.

PMID- 3698762
TI  - Gallbladder dyskinesia in chronic acalculous cholecystitis.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that there is an early stage of cholesterol gallstone
      formation in man characterized by symptoms of chronic cholecystitis, poor
      gallbladder emptying, and biliary cholesterol crystals, we studied
      cholecystokinin-stimulated gallbladder emptying by DISIDA scintigraphy and
      examined bile for cholesterol crystals in symptomatic patients with normal oral
      cholecystography and gallbladder sonography. Of 36 patients studied, 16 had
      biliary cholesterol crystals; their mean 30-min gallbladder ejection fraction was
      25.9 +/- 14.8%. Among the 20 patients without crystals, the mean ejection
      fraction was 60.3 +/- 23.3%. Fifteen patients, 11 with crystals and four without,
      had cholecystectomy because of persistent symptoms. All with crystals
      preoperatively and three without had chronic cholecystitis histologically. One
      patient without crystals had normal histology. We conclude that poor gallbladder
      contractility, well-established as an etiologic factor in animal models of
      cholesterol cholelithiasis, is now linked to acalculous cholecystitis, an early
      stage of human cholesterol cholelithiasis.

PMID- 3698763
TI  - X-ray diffraction studies of pancreatic calculi associated with nutritional
      pancreatitis.
AB  - The composition of pancreatic calculi in patients with tropical pancreatitis is
      unknown. At present, except for malnutrition, there are no known etiologic
      factors for chronic calcific pancreatitis in the tropics. We report the results
      of an x-ray diffraction study of 41 stones from 26 patients obtained at autopsy
      in the Kerala state in India. Calcite was present in all stones, vaterite in 12%,
      and a central amorphous material in 30%. The latter may be analogous to the
      protein plugs as nuclei for stones described by Sarles et al in patients with
      alcoholic pancreatitis.

PMID- 3698761
TI  - Pigment gallstone composition in patients with hemolysis or infection/stasis.
AB  - The effect of hemolysis and infection/stasis on pigment gallstones was assessed
      by comparing the composition of stones from (1) U.S. patients without hemolysis
      or cirrhosis, (2) U.S. patients with sickle cell disease, and (3) Japanese
      patients with biliary infections. Gallstone composition was quantitated by
      infrared spectroscopy and chemical analyses. Gallstones from patients with sickle
      cell anemia contained more pigment, carbonate, calcium, and measured components
      than stones from U.S. patients without hemolysis (P less than 0.05). However, the
      similar types of calcium salts in black stones from patients with and without
      sickle cell anemia suggested that intermittent hemolysis may be a potential
      mechanism in the formation of black stones found in the general population. In
      Japanese patients with brown pigment stones, there was an absence of calcium
      carbonate, low levels of calcium phosphate, and the presence of calcium salts of
      fatty acids (P less than 0.05). Thus, the accompanying stasis and/or infection in
      this latter group was associated with the formation of a distinctive stone type
      and was not involved in the formation of the black stones. The similarly small
      proportion of cholesterol in each of these groups suggested that it was present
      due to coprecipitation rather than to cholesterol supersaturation.

PMID- 3698764
TI  - Glucuronidated and sulfated bile acids in serum of patients with acute hepatitis.
AB  - The concentrations of glucuronidated and sulfated bile acids in the serum of 15
      patients with acute hepatitis were determined by mass fragmentography. Total
      serum bile acid levels were 13.79-444.10 mumol/liter, and the percentages of
      glucuronidated and sulfated bile acids were in the wide ranges of 1.7-33% and 2.4
      49%, respectively. In four of the five patients for whom serum bile acids were
      analyzed serially from the acute to the recovery stages of acute hepatitis, the
      decrease of the glucuronidated and sulfated bile acids was slower than that of
      nonglucuronidated, nonsulfated bile acids. Thus, the relative proportion of the
      glucuronides and sulfates in total bile acids apparently increased during the
      recovery phase. The mechanism for the relative predominance of bile acid esters
      in serum during recovery is unknown but might reflect an improved excretion of
      the nonesterified bile acids into bile after the rapid recovery of intrahepatic
      cholestasis.

PMID- 3698765
TI  - Arthritis associated with inflammatory bowel disease in children. Relationship of
      joint disease to activity and severity of bowel lesion.
AB  - The records of 102 children with inflammatory bowel disease (44 with ulcerative
      colitis, 58 with Crohn's disease) were reviewed for evidence of joint disease
      unassociated with erythema nodosum. Thirteen children had arthritis, four had
      ulcerative colitis, and nine had Crohn's disease. Arthritis tended to be
      pauciarticular; ankles, knees, elbows and hips were most commonly affected. In
      three patients arthritis preceded bowel symptoms, in two the onset of arthritis
      and bowel disease was concurrent, and in eight arthritis appeared after the onset
      of bowel symptoms. The relationship between arthritis and specific features
      reflecting activity and severity of the bowel disease was examined in detail.
      Twenty-one attacks of arthritis, ranging in duration from two days to 12 weeks
      (mean, 31 days) were documented. Thirteen attacks occurred when the bowel disease
      was symptomatic; nine occurred within one month of a flare of the bowel disease.
      Most exacerbations of bowel disease in patients who had arthritis were
      unaccompanied by joint complaints. None of the features reflecting activity or
      severity of the bowel disease was more common in patients with arthritis than in
      those without arthritis.

PMID- 3698766
TI  - Role of pylorus in mediating cholecystokinin-stimulated satiety in the Zucker
      rat.
AB  - Obese Zucker rats are less responsive than their lean littermates to the effects
      of cholecystokinin-octapeptide on satiety and pancreatic growth and exocrine
      function. We hypothesized that the hyperphagia observed in obese Zucker rats may
      be caused by a decreased pyloric contractile response to cholecystokinin,
      resulting in an increased rate of gastric emptying, decreased postprandial
      gastric distention, and thus decreased satiety. Pyloric muscle strips from six
      obese Zucker rats and six lean littermates were mounted in separate tissue baths
      and isometric contraction was measured in response to acetylcholine and
      cholecystokinin-octapeptide. The dose-response curves for acetylcholine- and
      cholecystokinin-octapeptide-stimulated pyloric muscle contraction were similar
      for both the obese and the lean rats. (For cholecystokinin, D50 obese = 4.0 +/-
      0.6 nM, D50 lean = 3.4 +/- 0.2 nM; P = 0.16). We conclude that the decreased
      satiety response to cholecystokinin-octapeptide observed in obese Zucker rats is
      not secondary to a decreased pyloric responsiveness to cholecystokinin.

PMID- 3698767
TI  - Influence of progesterone on guinea pig gallbladder motility in vitro.
AB  - Experiments were designed to examine the in vitro effect of progesterone (1.6 X
      10(-5) M; 8 X 10(-5) M) on the tone and contractility of guinea pig gallbladder
      smooth muscle. Muscle strips from animals of both sexes were stimulated with
      acetylcholine, cholecystokinin-octapeptide, histamine, and potassium prior to and
      15 min after exposure to progesterone. The results were as follows: progesterone
      at all doses studied completely abolished spontaneous phasic contractions;
      progesterone produced a concentration-dependent decrease in resting tension; the
      hormone significantly decreased the maximal contractile response to each of the
      agonists but had no effect on either the ED50 of the acetylcholine and
      cholecystokinin dose-response curves; and estrogen priming is not necessary to
      demonstrate an inhibitory effect of progesterone. The data suggest that
      progesterone can directly affect the force-generating capacity of gallbladder
      smooth muscle both at rest and in response to stimulation. However, because of
      the relatively high concentration of hormone used, the physiological significance
      of the data must remain speculative.

PMID- 3698768
TI  - Malabsorption of long-chain fatty acid in cholera toxin-induced secretory
      diarrhea.
AB  - The effects of cholera toxin-induced diarrhea on the absorption of fatty acids of
      different chain lengths were investigated using rat small intestine. In the study
      using isolated jejunal loops, the absorption of the long-chain fatty acid,
      linoleic acid, into the intestinal mucosa was significantly impaired 90 min after
      the administration of linoleic acid micelles in the cholera toxin-treated rats.
      This reduction of linoleic acid absorption in the cholera toxin-treated rats was
      not found at 180 min. We could not find any mucosal accumulation of labeled
      linoleic acid or disturbance of triglyceride formation in the intestinal mucosa
      as compared with that of controls. The amount of linoleic acid transported into
      the intestinal lymph was delayed and reduced in cholera toxin-treated rats.
      Furthermore, the absorption of the medium-chain-length fatty acid, octanoic acid,
      was unchanged in the cholera toxin-treated rats. These results suggest that
      intestinal secretion induced by cholera toxin may delay the mucosal uptake and
      lymphatic transport of long-chain fatty acids. Cholera toxin may not affect
      triglyceride formation in the epithelial cells.

PMID- 3698769
TI  - Antagonism of cisplatin-induced emesis by metoclopramide and dazopride through
      enhancement of gastric motility.
AB  - The antiemetic activity, gastric motor activity, and dopamine receptor effects of
      metoclopramide, dazopride, and sulpiride were assessed to establish if
      enhancement of gastric motility or antagonism of central dopamine receptors is
      the predominant action for drug-induced suppression of cisplatin-induced emesis.
      Emesis produced in dogs by cisplatin is antagonized by metoclopramide and
      dazopride. The antiemetic actions of metoclopramide and dazopride are associated
      with their ability to enhance gastric motor activity. Dazopride, unlike
      metoclopramide, has minimal dopamine receptor antagonist properties. Sulpiride is
      a potent dopamine receptor antagonist; however, it had no effect on the stomach
      and was ineffective in suppressing cisplatin-induced emesis.

PMID- 3698770
TI  - Nicotine and smoking do not decrease basal gastric mucosal blood flow in
      anesthetized rats.
AB  - The literature regarding the effect of nicotine and cigarette smoke on gastric
      blood flow is conflicting. The hydrogen gas clearance technique was used to
      measure the effects of nicotine and cigarette smoke on basal gastric mucosal
      blood flow in anesthetized rats. Blood flow was measured before, during, and
      after treatment with either intravenous nicotine (4 or 40 micrograms/kg/min) or
      inhaled cigarette smoke (nicotine or nicotine free). Neither intravenous nicotine
      nor cigarette smoke significantly altered gastric mucosal blood flow. On the
      other hand, hypotension produced by hemorrhage significantly decreased mucosal
      blood flow (P less than 0.05). Thus the technique used could detect a decrease in
      blood flow. These findings indicate that in the anesthetized rats, hypotension
      but not intravenous nicotine or cigarette smoke, in the doses given, reduce
      gastric mucosal blood flow.

PMID- 3698771
TI  - Return of esophageal peristalsis after Heller's myotomy for idiopathic achalasia.
AB  - A 23-year-old male was diagnosed as having idiopathic achalasia on the basis of
      clinical, radiologic, endoscopic, and manometric evaluation. He underwent a
      Heller's myotomy with 180 degrees posterior fundoplication as an antireflux
      procedure, and he did well subsequently. On reexamination one month later, return
      of peristaltic activity throughout the body of the esophagus was shown on
      manometric studies. Two years after the operation, peptic esophagitis was
      diagnosed by esophagoscopy, and the acid reflux test confirmed the existence of
      gastroesophageal reflux. To our knowledge, this represents the first reported
      case of return of esophageal peristalsis in idiopathic achalasia after surgical
      myotomy.

PMID- 3698772
TI  - Yersinia colitis masquerading as pseudomembranous colitis.
AB  - We describe a 15-month-old male who presented with fever and diarrhea 24 hr after
      receiving antibiotics for otitis media. A flexible sigmoidoscopy was initially
      interpreted endoscopically as antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis, and
      the patient was treated with vancomycin. The diagnosis of antibiotic-associated
      colitis was excluded in our patient by the negative stool examination for
      Clostridium difficile toxin, the failure to obtain supportive features on rectal
      biopsy, and the failure to demonstrate sigmoidoscopic improvement with vancomycin
      therapy. Thirteen days later, Y. enterocolitica was cultured from the initial
      stool specimens. In this case, the raised central whitish area on an erythematous
      base was misinterpreted as pseudomembranous colitis.

PMID- 3698774
TI  - Pancreas and cholecystokinin.

PMID- 3698773
TI  - Benign persistent pneumoperitoneum in scleroderma.
AB  - We present a 68-year-old patient who, over a two-year period, was observed to
      have persistent benign pneumoperitoneum. The free air was present in the
      abdominal cavity without gastrointestinal perforation or pneumatosis cystoides
      intestinalis. The persistent pneumoperitoneum was a benign process and was not
      associated with peritonitis or other ill effects. The source of the free air was
      not clear. Conceivably, microperforations occurring in colonic diverticula or in
      distended intestinal wall induced the persistent benign pneumoperitoneum.

PMID- 3698775
TI  - Familial incidence of Crohn's disease in Italy.

PMID- 3698776
TI  - Perforated sigmoid diverticulitis in identical twins.

PMID- 3698777
TI  - Longitudinal assessment of glycosylated blood protein concentrations in normal
      pregnancy and gestational diabetes.
AB  - Longitudinal changes in glycosylated hemoglobin concentration (GlyHb) and
      glycosylated serum protein concentration (GSP) in both normal pregnancy and
      pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes were determined using affinity
      chromatography, a method in which nonenzymatically glycosylated proteins are
      specifically measured. At 7-10 wk gestation, GlyHb in women who developed
      diabetes (N = 21) was higher than GlyHb in normal women (N = 49) (6.7 +/- 0.2%
      versus 5.7 +/- 0.2%, respectively, P less than 0.001) and remained elevated
      throughout gestation. In normal pregnancy, GlyHb decreased to a nadir at 23-26 wk
      and returned to baseline concentration by 31-34 wk. In gestational diabetes,
      there was an initial increase in GlyHb to 7.1 +/- 0.5% at 11-14 wk followed by a
      steady decrease. At 7-10 wk, GSP in women who developed diabetes was not elevated
      compared with normal concentration, although at 11-14 wk there was significant
      difference between the two groups (P less than 0.02). In normal women, GSP
      remained constant throughout gestation. In gestational diabetes, GSP decreased to
      early pregnancy values (P less than 0.02). Glycosylated blood proteins were
      elevated in early gestation in women who developed gestational diabetes and may
      have predictive value in identifying women who will develop diabetes in
      pregnancy.

PMID- 3698778
TI  - Use of beef ultralente for basal insulin delivery: plasma insulin concentrations
      after chronic ultralente administration in patients with IDDM.
AB  - Ultralente has been used as the basal component of intensive insulin therapy
      programs. To determine the degree to which a single daily subcutaneous injection
      of beef ultralente provides stable basal insulin concentrations, plasma free
      insulin concentrations were measured in six insulin-dependent diabetic patients
      over a 40-h period. All short-acting insulin was withheld during this interval.
      Each patient had been maintained on a chronic ultralente based program before
      study. Little if any evidence of a temporal peak in plasma insulin concentrations
      was observed. Although considerable variation in plasma insulin concentrations
      was observed in one individual, beef ultralente provided relatively stable plasma
      insulin concentrations in the group as a whole. Beef ultralente appears to be a
      reasonable insulin preparation to use as the basal component in an intensive
      insulin therapy program.

PMID- 3698779
TI  - Vitreous fluorophotometry in patients with no or minimal diabetic retinopathy.
AB  - Vitreous fluorophotometry was used to estimate fluorescein leakage into the
      posterior vitreous of 20 insulin-dependent diabetic patients with no or minimal
      diabetic retinopathy 60 min after intravenous administration of 14 mg X kg-1
      fluorescein. The permeability coefficient (p), a measure of fluorescein
      penetration through the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) into the vitreous, and the
      diffusion coefficient (D), a measure of fluorescein dispersion within the
      vitreous, were obtained by fitting a mathematical model to the vitreous
      fluorescence scan and plasma free fluorescence curve. A permeability index (PI)
      was also derived by dividing the area under the fluorescence scan by the area
      under the plasma free fluorescence time curve. The fluorescence concentrations at
      discrete distances from the retina were also noted. The mean +/- SD for p, D, and
      PI were 1.95 +/- 1.03 cm X s-1 X 10(-7), 1.74 +/- 1.53 cm2 X s-1 X 10(-5), and
      2.14 +/- 1.21 cm X s-1 X 10(-7), respectively, and were not significantly
      different from values determined in normal subjects. Diabetic patients and normal
      subjects also had similar fluorescence measurements at corresponding distances
      from the retina. Quantitative indices of fluorescein leakage did not correlate
      with either the microaneurysm counts on fluorescein angiograms or the duration of
      diabetes. Vitreous fluorophotometry did not detect any abnormality of the BRB in
      diabetic patients with no or minimal retinopathy on fluorescein angiography.

PMID- 3698780
TI  - Use of plaster casts in the management of diabetic neuropathic foot ulcers.
AB  - Neuropathic foot ulceration is a major medical and economic problem among
      diabetic patients, and the traditional treatment involves bed rest with complete
      freedom from weight-bearing. We have investigated the use of walking plaster
      casts in the management of seven diabetic patients with long-standing, chronic
      plantar ulcers. Although all ulcers healed in a median time of 6 wk, this therapy
      was not without side effects, which are described in detail. We conclude that
      casting is a useful therapy for neuropathic ulcers, although several clinic
      visits, including cast removal and foot inspection, are necessary to avoid
      potential side effects caused by the casting of insensitive feet.

PMID- 3698781
TI  - Role of obesity and fat distribution in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
      in Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites.
AB  - Recent data have suggested that central obesity is related positively to the
      prevalence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). We examined
      whether central obesity (measured by the ratio of subscapular to triceps
      skinfold) was predictive of NIDDM prevalence independently of overall obesity
      (measured by body mass index, BMI) in 1231 Mexican Americans and 939 non-Hispanic
      whites who participated in the San Antonio Heart Study, a population-based survey
      of diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors. Mexican Americans are characterized
      by higher rates of NIDDM, greater overall obesity, and more central body fat
      distribution than age-matched non-Hispanic whites. Using multiple logistic
      regression with age, ethnicity, BMI, and central obesity as covariates, overall
      obesity was positively associated with NIDDM prevalence in both sexes (P less
      than 0.001) but central obesity was related to NIDDM prevalence only in women.
      Our data suggest that the effect of centrality decreases at higher levels of
      centrality. While both BMI and centrality narrow the ethnic difference in NIDDM
      prevalence, Mexican Americans still have an increased risk of NIDDM (odds ratio =
      2.33 in men and 1.80 in women), suggesting that other factors, possibly genetic,
      may also be important determinants of the ethnic differences in NIDDM prevalence.

PMID- 3698782
TI  - Patient perspective on factors contributing to nonadherence to diabetes regimen.
AB  - This study assessed levels of regimen adherence and reasons for nonadherence to
      different aspects of diabetes regimen for persons with type I (insulin-dependent,
      N = 24) and type II (non-insulin-dependent, N = 184) diabetes. Standardized
      questions revealed few differences between type I and type II participants on
      either levels of reported adherence or reasons for nonadherence. Subjects
      reported adhering least well to dietary and physical activity components of the
      regimen. Open-ended questions revealed that the most common reasons for dietary
      nonadherence were the situational factors of eating out at restaurants and
      inappropriate food offers from others. In contrast, negative physical reactions
      were the most frequently reported reasons for exercise nonadherence. The
      implications of these findings for diabetes education are discussed.

PMID- 3698783
TI  - A randomized study of the effects of a home diabetes education program.
AB  - Home health nurses provided individualized instruction in diabetes self-care
      within the home environment of 393 diabetic individuals. Each subject was
      randomly assigned to either the intervention (those receiving home teaching) or
      control (those not receiving home teaching) group. At 6 mo postenrollment,
      intervention subjects showed significantly greater self-care knowledge and skills
      than control subjects, although the actual differences between the two groups in
      terms of self-care skills were probably too small to have any practical meaning.
      The primary objective of the study, which was the reduction of the number of
      preventable diabetes-related hospitalizations (ketoacidosis, ketotic coma,
      nonketotic coma, insulin reaction, and diabetes out of control), was not
      achieved; no differences between the groups were noted after 12 mo of follow-up.
      Similarly, length of hospital stay, foot problems, emergency room and physician
      visits, and sick days were roughly equivalent in both groups during the follow-up
      year. These results suggest that, in the absence of concurrent changes in the
      health-care delivery system and strategies for influencing attitudes toward self
      care, education alone is ineffective.

PMID- 3698785
TI  - Evaluation of a new radioimmunoassay for urinary albumin.
AB  - We have evaluated a new commercially available radioimmunoassay kit for albumin
      determination in urine. The assay is precise; within-run precision (CV) in the
      clinically significant ranges is 1.8-3.5%, between-run, 1.2-8.5%. The minimum
      detection limit was 0.6 micrograms/ml. Analytic recovery of different
      concentrations of albumin added to urine ranged from 98% to 103%. Samples, stored
      in plastic containers, were stable at room temperature for periods up to 7 days.
      Mean albumin excretion rates, measured in 20 normal volunteers for 3-h and 24-h
      periods during the same day were similar (7.1 +/- 4.6 [SD] versus 6.5 +/- 5.0
      micrograms/min). In 8 normal subjects, 3-h excretion rates measured daily for 5
      days showed no significant variability. In eight insulin-dependent diabetic
      subjects, albumin excretion measured in short periods of urine collection (3 h)
      were also in close agreement with 24-h collections (24.7 +/- 28.9 versus 17.6 +/-
      18 micrograms/min). From these results it appears that this commercially
      available kit is suitable for conveniently monitoring microalbuminuria in large
      numbers of patients in research studies as well as for office practice. Such
      widespread use should make it possible to better determine the clinical
      usefulness of this test in the management of diabetic patients.

PMID- 3698784
TI  - Supportive and nonsupportive family behaviors: relationships to adherence and
      metabolic control in persons with type I diabetes.
AB  - The Diabetes Family Behavior Checklist (DFBC) was administered to 54 adults and
      18 adolescents (less than 19 yr of age) with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
      (IDDM). Subjects and family members completed parallel forms of the DFBC at
      initial and 6-mo follow-up home interviews. During each of these periods,
      adherence was assessed via self-report, 1 wk of self-monitoring, and 24-h dietary
      recalls. The results showed reliable differences between adolescents and adults.
      More negative interactions with family members were reported by adolescents and
      their family members, and adolescents were in poorer metabolic control. For
      adults but not adolescents, negative DFBC scores were prospectively predictive of
      poorer regimen adherence over the 6-mo interval for measures of glucose testing,
      insulin injection, and dietary adherence. In addition, higher negative DFBC
      scores for adults were marginally associated with higher HbA1 levels (P less than
      0.10). We conclude that the DFBC is a promising measure of family interaction
      related specifically to the IDDM regimen and that, for adults, higher levels of
      nonsupportive family behaviors may be related to reduced regimen adherence and
      poor control.

PMID- 3698786
TI  - Diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy with normal glucose tolerance.

PMID- 3698787
TI  - Glucose intolerance and plasma lipids.

PMID- 3698788
TI  - Diabetic women and childbearing.

PMID- 3698789
TI  - Immunosuppressive drugs to prevent diabetes.

PMID- 3698790
TI  - Calcium channel blocking agents in the treatment of urticaria.

PMID- 3698791
TI  - Enhancement of fibrinolysis after insulin administration in NIDDM.

PMID- 3698792
TI  - The vitreus, an intraocular compartment of the leptomeninx. Electron microscopic
      observations on rat eyes.
AB  - In the 16-day rat embryo and in 2 and 15 days old postnatal rats the macrophage-
      and fibroblast-like cells of the vitreus are not different from those of the
      developing leptomeninx. There is also no difference in the ultrastructure of the
      developing blood vessels. Both vitreus and leptomeninx are separated from the
      neuroectodermal tissues by a basal lamina. Regarding the embryonic development,
      the entire intraocular cavity except the lens, is a special cleared-out portion
      of the former mesenchymal tissues surrounding the central nervous system
      including the eye cup (meninx primitiva). It may be interpreted as analogous to a
      leptomeningeal cisterna. The largest part of this intraocular cisterna is the
      vitreus. The pathogenesis of diseases occurring simultaneously in the
      leptomeninx, the uvea, and the vitreus, possibly may have some relation to the
      common embryologic origin of the affected tissues.

PMID- 3698793
TI  - Electrofunctional features of the tilted disc syndrome.
AB  - The ERG, EOG and VEPs of 15 patients with tilted disc syndrome were studied. The
      ERG showed abnormal amplitudes in about 1/4 of the eyes and the EOG values were
      pathological in 3 patients. It is probable that the abnormality of the inferior
      nasal portion of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium seen in the tilted
      disc syndrome causes the changes in the ERG and EOG. Pattern VEPs latency was
      delayed in most patients. This finding is probably due to the poor focusing of
      the light in the retina.

PMID- 3698794
TI  - Evaluation of colour vision, mesopic vision, visual evoked potentials and
      lightness discrimination in adult amblyopes.
AB  - This is a study conducted on thirty adult strabismic and anisometropic amblyopes
      using colour vision tests, the lightness discrimination test, mesopic vision and
      visual evoked responses, in order to determine the probable site of the amblyopic
      defect. The results showed that, in its progressed stages, amblyopia is
      associated with eccentric fixation, abnormal hue discrimination, disturbed
      lightness discrimination and mesopic vision, and attenuation of the amplitude of
      the pattern visual evoked response. It is suggested that these abnormalities
      result from a defect involving the extrastriate higher visual association areas
      18 & 19 of Brodmann.

PMID- 3698795
TI  - Statistical evaluation of visual functions in dominant and recessive autosomal
      pigmentary retinopathy.
AB  - A statistical study of the progress of fundus lesions and functional loss in
      relation with age and with inheritance modus was performed in patients with
      pigmentary retinopathy. A three-way interaction was found between following
      parameters: inheritance modus, age and pigment anomalies of the fundus;
      inheritance modus, age and visual field; inheritance modus, age and ERG;
      inheritance modus, vision and ERG; inheritance modus, dark adaptation and visual
      field.

PMID- 3698797
TI  - [Formation of capsid-like structures as a result of expression of the cloned gene
      of the envelope protein of the RNA-containing bacteriophage fr].

PMID- 3698798
TI  - [Functional heterogeneity of the nociceptive system of the parafascicular
      thalamic nucleus in the rabbit].

PMID- 3698796
TI  - Instrument myopia conceptions, misconceptions, and influencing factors.
AB  - The literature on instrument myopia is reviewed, with the review organized around
      three principal objectives. One is to describe and discuss various factors that
      may influence the degree to which instrument myopia is manifested, including
      monocular vs. binocular viewing, age, direction of focus, illumination level,
      fatigue, magnification, astigmatic variations, optical decentration, perceived
      proximity of the target and peripheral surround, and experience. The second
      objective is to discuss the intermediate resting state conception of
      accommodation, its application to instrument myopia, and its strengths and
      weaknesses as applied to the available literature. The third objective is to
      summarize the salient problems in the instrument myopia literature, and to
      present a set of recommendations for guiding future work.

PMID- 3698799
TI  - [Effect of hypophyseal thyrotropic hormone on the dynamics of pH changes in the
      dog duodenum].

PMID- 3698800
TI  - [Quinacrine blocking of post-tetanus hyperemia in cat skeletal muscles].

PMID- 3698801
TI  - [Synchronization of myocardial contraction and respiration during
      thermoregulatory polypnea in the dog].

PMID- 3698802
TI  - [Presynaptic inhibition--an intra-organ mechanism of the regulation of heart
      afferents].

PMID- 3698803
TI  - [Effect of passive immunization against brain-specific proteins (S-100, NP-3,5)
      on the ultrastructure of the developing rat brain].

PMID- 3698804
TI  - [Heat shock proteins in the nuclear matrix of cultured Zajdela hepatoma cells].

PMID- 3698805
TI  - [Phosphorylation and activation of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S
      transferase by cAMP-dependent protein kinase].

PMID- 3698807
TI  - [Correction of immune response by myelopeptides in MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice with
      congenital autoimmune disorders].

PMID- 3698808
TI  - [Mitochondria as an electric cable. Experimental testing of a hypothesis].

PMID- 3698806
TI  - [Generation of active oxygen radicals by plasminogen in a luminol-H2O2 system].

PMID- 3698809
TI  - [Differences in the localization of the active centers of cytochrome P-450 and P
      448 in microsome membranes of the rat liver].

PMID- 3698811
TI  - [Microcirculation systems forming in skeletal muscles around the larva of
      trichina (Trichinella spiralis Garcavi, 1972, Trichinella spiralis Owen, 1835)].

PMID- 3698810
TI  - [Enzyme systems of phospholipid metabolism in nuclear membranes of the liver of
      albino rats].

PMID- 3698812
TI  - Effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on behavior of aged rats.
AB  - Pregnant rats were intubated with alcohol (3.5 g/kg, twice daily) on gestation
      days 11-21. Control animals were intubated with an isocaloric sucrose solution
      and were pair-fed and pair-watered to alcohol-treated dams. At birth, offspring
      were placed with non-treated surrogate dams. When animals were slightly more than
      1 year of age, they were tested for passive avoidance learning, spontaneous
      alternation and activity. Groups did not differ in passive avoidance learning or
      spontaneous alteration but animals prenatally exposed to alcohol were more active
      than controls. Additional studies showed that this increased activity was not
      affected by testing animals in the presence of environmental stimuli such as
      objects which could be manipulated, or by odors from mouse shavings from male and
      female mice.

PMID- 3698813
TI  - Individual differences in the reinforcing and subjective effects of amphetamine
      and diazepam.
AB  - This study explored the relation between the reinforcing properties of different
      drugs and their subjective effects. Preference for a drug (amphetamine or
      diazepam) over placebo was measured in a choice procedure, and mood changes after
      drug administration were monitored by self-report questionnaires. Individual
      differences in behavioral drug preferences were then examined for their
      relationships to subjective drug responses as well as other subject variables. In
      Part I, the subjective effects of amphetamine were compared in those subjects who
      consistently preferred (i.e. chose) amphetamine over placebo, and those who
      preferred placebo over amphetamine. The two subject groups showed markedly
      different subjective responses to the stimulant drug: the choosers reported
      increased positive mood and euphoria, whereas the non-choosers reported only
      increased anxiety and depression. In Part II, the subjective effects of diazepam
      in consistent choosers of diazepam were compared to the subjective effects in
      consistent non-choosers of the drug. The non-choosers showed appreciable
      subjective effects, which were predominantly sedative in quality. In contrast to
      the results with amphetamine, the choosers showed negligible subjective drug
      effects. These results underline the importance of considering more than one
      response measure when attempting to characterize the reinforcing effects of
      drugs.

PMID- 3698814
TI  - The induction of oral ethanol self-administration by contingent ethanol delivery.
AB  - The necessity of delivering a highly reinforcing stimulus (20% sucrose)
      contingent upon ethanol consumption in order to induce ethanol self
      administration in free-feeding rats was investigated. Rats water deprived for 12
      16 h were placed in an environment in which ethanol drinking resulted in the
      presentation of ethanol. This procedure was successful in inducing and
      maintaining ethanol self-administration over concentrations of 5-20% (v/v).
      Compared to a group of rats initially reinforced for drinking ethanol with
      sucrose presentation, contingent ethanol delivery resulted in greater ethanol
      self-administration behavior. When 20% ethanol was available the group trained
      with ethanol had average intake of 0.91 g/kg, whereas the group trained with
      sucrose had a mean intake of 0.69 g/kg in a 30-min session. The results suggest
      that ethanol's reinforcing properties are sufficient to establish ethanol self
      administration within the context of the inducing environment.

PMID- 3698815
TI  - Alcohol consumption and physical symptoms in a Mexican American population.
AB  - The negative health consequences of alcohol consumption are well established. The
      present study examines whether alcohol consumption is also associated with a
      series of self-reported physical symptoms. Analyses were performed on data from a
      three-generation study of Mexican Americans. Using four measures of alcohol
      consumption we found that alcohol consumption was related to physical symptoms
      only in the younger generation. While drinking levels in the older generation did
      not have sufficient variance to enable the assessment of their effects on
      symptoms, drinking levels in the middle generation were comparable to those in
      the younger generation. We hypothesized that the lack of association in the
      middle generation may reflect increased tolerance due to longer exposure to
      alcohol, to possible reduction of alcohol consumption by some middle-aged persons
      because of health problems, and to due possible removal from observation of
      certain middle-aged men whose heavy drinking led to health problems. Although
      alcohol consumption in the younger generation was not strongly associated with
      either psychosomatic or infectious symptoms, it was strongly related to upper
      respiratory symptoms among younger males. Among younger women, alcohol
      consumption was moderately related to physical symptoms with no symptom
      constellation having a particularly strong association with alcohol consumption.

PMID- 3698816
TI  - Use of digoxin-specific Fab fragments in the treatment of digitalis intoxication.
AB  - The narrow margin between therapeutic and toxic effects of digitalis glycosides
      renders patients taking these drugs particularly susceptible to serious
      consequences of accidental or deliberate overdosage, including life-threatening
      arrhythmias. Until recently, the treatment of digitalis intoxication has been
      largely supportive. In the past decade, however, digoxin-specific antibodies have
      been developed and have proven to be effective in rapidly reversing the
      electrophysiologic and metabolic manifestations of digitalis intoxication, both
      in vitro and in vivo. Enzymatic cleavage of the intact antibody population into
      Fab fragments results in a more rapidly effective and less immunogenic antidote
      to digitalis excess. More recently, monoclonal antibodies with high affinity and
      specificity for digoxin have been produced by the technique of somatic cell
      fusion; application of this technique to the production of antidigoxin antibodies
      has potential implications for the production of a highly purified homogeneous
      product, but this approach has not yet been tested clinically.

PMID- 3698818
TI  - Specialization within hospital pharmacy.

PMID- 3698817
TI  - Perspectives on medical specialization.

PMID- 3698819
TI  - Specialization in pharmacy.

PMID- 3698820
TI  - Education and training of the drug information specialist.

PMID- 3698821
TI  - Levels of pharmacy practice.

PMID- 3698822
TI  - Board certification for clinical pharmacy.

PMID- 3698823
TI  - Specialization in pharmacy practice: relevant and irrelevant criteria for the
      assessment of clinical competence.

PMID- 3698824
TI  - Cefoperazone-induced coagulopathy.
AB  - A number of recent articles have reviewed the problem of hypoprothrombinemia and
      bleeding associated with antibiotic therapy. We report three cases in which
      bleeding is believed to be related to a prolonged prothrombin time secondary to
      cefoperazone therapy. Reports of coagulopathies such as these are increasing in
      number and call attention to the need to monitor the prothrombin time during
      cefoperazone therapy.

PMID- 3698825
TI  - Blood pentobarbital concentrations during thiopental therapy.
AB  - The desulfuration of thiopental to pentobarbital has previously been shown to be
      a relatively minor pathway of thiopental metabolism. In two cases, we observed
      significant conversion, resulting in blood pentobarbital concentrations up to 50
      percent of total blood barbiturate (thiopental and pentobarbital) concentrations.
      Both patients received continuous infusions of thiopental and had present a
      condition (hypothermia) or drug (cimetidine) known to inhibit hepatic microsomal
      enzyme activity. It is suggested that inhibition of hepatic microsomal enzyme
      activity may prevent thiopental's metabolism to its major metabolite, a
      carboxylic acid analogue, and increase the amount of thiopental desulfurated to
      pentobarbital. Inhibition of hepatic microsomal metabolism also decreases the
      metabolism of pentobarbital. Until further elucidation of the causes of altered
      thiopental metabolism is available to identify patients more likely to have
      elevated concentrations of pentobarbital, monitoring of blood drug concentrations
      in patients receiving thiopental should include determination of both thiopental
      and pentobarbital concentrations.

PMID- 3698826
TI  - Vinblastine-associated pulmonary toxicity in patients receiving combination
      therapy with mitomycin and cisplatin.
AB  - Two of 33 patients entered in a local pilot study of mitomycin, vinblastine, and
      cisplatin for non-small cell lung cancer developed vinblastine-associated
      pulmonary toxicity. As with other reports of vinca alkaloid-related pulmonary
      toxicity, the regimen included mitomycin. Based on these cases and others
      previously reported, the incidence of abrupt pulmonary toxicity following vinca
      alkaloid administration as part of mitomycin/vinca alkaloid combination appears
      to be three to six percent. Suggestions for management are given.

PMID- 3698827
TI  - Warfarin-griseofulvin interaction.
AB  - A 61-year-old man with a mitral valve replacement who had been therapeutically
      anticoagulated with warfarin for the previous 12 months had a decrease in his
      prothrombin time after starting treatment with griseofulvin. Over a three-month
      period his warfarin dose was gradually increased. An overall increase of 41
      percent was needed to maintain therapeutic anticoagulation. A reduction in the
      griseofulvin dose resulted in an increase in the prothrombin time and,
      subsequently, a lowering of the warfarin dose. No other potential causes for the
      decreased response to warfarin were identified. While there previously has only
      been limited documentation of this interaction, it appears that a substantial
      decrease in the response to warfarin can occur following initiation of
      griseofulvin therapy. Immediate adjustment of the warfarin dose at the onset of
      griseofulvin therapy is not needed. However, the prothrombin time should be
      monitored at weekly intervals and the dose of warfarin increased according to the
      patient's response.

PMID- 3698828
TI  - Evaluation of a quality assurance technique for a pharmacokinetic dosing service.
AB  - A quality assurance (QA) technique that measured process and outcome was tested
      on a clinical pharmacokinetic dosing service (CPDS). The process measurement
      criteria evaluated the CPDS pharmacists' ability to maintain serum aminoglycoside
      levels within the desired range (peak 6-10 micrograms/ml, trough less than 2.0
      micrograms/ml). The outcome measurement criteria evaluated the patients' clinical
      response to the aminoglycoside therapy based on changes in the patients'
      temperature, white blood cell count, bacterial cultures, and other variables. The
      process evaluation found that in a majority of the patients (80 percent), the
      CPDS pharmacist was performing at a level exceeding the process criteria. The
      outcome evaluation found that in a majority of the patients (76 percent), the
      therapeutic outcome criteria were not met. Statistical analysis using Spearman's
      Rho was not able to relate process and outcome measures significantly (p greater
      than 0.05). The patient outcome criteria may not have accurately measured patient
      outcome because of inflexibility, not measuring other patient variables, and the
      lack of a subjective component. Validation of the QA technique was not possible
      in this study.

PMID- 3698829
TI  - Postdoctoral fellowship in pediatric infectious disease pharmacotherapy.
AB  - The first postdoctoral fellowship program in pediatric infectious disease
      pharmacotherapy is described. The fellowship program is designed to train a
      clinical pharmacist to be an independent researcher. The features of this program
      include: (1) two-year duration; (2) about 80 percent of time devoted to research
      related activities and 20 percent to teaching and consultative practice; (3)
      formal course work; (4) training in in vitro and in vivo animal as well as
      clinical studies; and (5) interdisciplinary personnel and laboratory resources.
      This program should help meet the need for clinical scientists in pediatric
      infectious disease pharmacotherapy.

PMID- 3698830
TI  - A proposal for clinical pharmacy and clinical pharmacology collaboration--the
      time has come.

PMID- 3698831
TI  - Comment: Thioridazine bioequivalence.

PMID- 3698832
TI  - Comment: Ranitidine and warfarin interaction.

PMID- 3698833
TI  - Contact allergy to acid and neutral fractions of rosins. Sensitization
      experiments in guinea pigs and patch testing in patients.
AB  - The allergenicity of two different types of rosins (gum rosin and tall oil rosin)
      was compared. The rosins were divided into their neutral and acid fractions. The
      neutral fraction of tall oil rosin failed to induce contact sensitivity in
      animals tested according to the Guinea pig maximization test method (GPMT). The
      neutral fraction of gum rosin as well as the two acid fractions gave significant
      responses. Relatively fewer dermatitis patients reacted to the neutral fraction
      compared with reactions to the unfractionated gum rosin when patch tested. Fewer
      reactions to tall oil rosin than to gum rosin (p less than 0.05) were observed.
      It is concluded that tall oil rosin is less allergenic than gum rosin, which may
      be due to the absence of allergens in its neutral fraction.

PMID- 3698834
TI  - [Trace elements in samples of brittle and nonbrittle finger nails].
AB  - We examined nail samples of 27 adult patients suffering from brittle nails and 15
      persons without nail disorders with respect to the content of trace elements. The
      analysis by atomic absorption spectroscopy disclosed the following values. In
      parentheses values of healthy nails. Ca 44.9 ppm +/- 25.0 (53.6 ppm +/- 22.5), Mg
      182.4 ppm +/- 128.0 (183.1 ppm +/- 83.2), Al 25.6 ppm +/- 10.3 (33.0 ppm +/-
      20.5), Cu 7.9 ppm +/- 3.0 (7.9 ppm +/- 2.7), Zn 80.9 ppm +/- 34.5 (85.0 ppm +/-
      34.9), Fe 53.9 ppm +/- 24.5 (45.7 ppm +/- 24.4). Comparing the two groups no
      significant differences could be found.

PMID- 3698835
TI  - [Tinnitus as a side effect of hyposensitization treatment. Case report].
AB  - One patient showed tinnitus during hyposensitization 5 min after injection,
      resolving without any therapeutical approach within the next 30 min. Moderate
      increase of dosage did not lead to new symptoms. The question of allergy in the
      pathomechanism of diseases of the inner ear is discussed.

PMID- 3698836
TI  - [Psoriasis and sodium chloride].
AB  - It has been recognised that in the sweat (extracellular area) excreted from those
      affected with psoriasis contains twice the amount of sodium and four times the
      amount of potassium in comparison to those not affected with psoriasis. According
      to Saalmann, after light therapy SUP there is a significant reduction of the
      saliva sodium content (intracellular area) not only with psoriasis patients, but
      with all other patients receiving radiation therapy as well. This result has
      never before been described in literature. Therefore, on the one hand, completely
      new aspects of psoriasis diagnosis and therapy can be recognized, and on the
      other hand, the effect of SUP.

PMID- 3698837
TI  - [Compensation for medical services in accordance with the compensation of
      witnesses and experts law].

PMID- 3698838
TI  - [Esophageal carcinoma: transthoracic esophagectomy with regional lymphadenectomy
      and reconstruction with deferred priority].
AB  - In a retrospective analysis the risks were assessed of transthoracic
      oesophagectomy with mediastinectomy and regional lymphadenectomy followed 48-72
      hours later by an abdomino-cervical operation with supra-pancreatic
      lymphadenectomy, retrosternal gastric interposition and cervical oesophageal
      stump anastomosis. Results in this group of 37 patients were compared with those
      in a group of 42 patients who had undergone a transmediastinal oesophagectomy
      (without thoracotomy) and immediate reconstruction. The 30-day death rate was
      8.1% in the former (group I) and 7.1% in the latter (group II), total hospital
      death rate 10.8% and 11.9%, respectively. The complication rate was similar in
      the two groups, as was the recorded operative stress. The results indicate that
      the risk of an oncologically indicated oesophagectomy with regional
      lymphadenectomy is no greater than that of a palliative transmediastinal
      oesophagectomy.

PMID- 3698839
TI  - [Operative treatment of asymptomatic carotid stenosis].
AB  - Over a period of five-and-a-half years 183 patients with high-grade asymptomatic
      carotid stenoses in stage I were operated upon. Postoperative mortality was 0.5%;
      there was no permanent morbidity. Cumulative survival rate after four years was
      68%. The proportion of patients without neurological disorders after five years
      was nearly 100%. Asymptomatic re-stenoses were found in 6% of patients. Principal
      cause of death during the follow-up period was of cardiac origin (9 of 17).

PMID- 3698840
TI  - [Diagnosis of thyroid function following thyroid surgery].

PMID- 3698841
TI  - [Treatment of a functional disorder following thyroid surgery].

PMID- 3698842
TI  - [Pigmentation following the use of a Dermo-Jet pressure injector].

PMID- 3698843
TI  - [Surgical indications in popliteal aneurysm].
AB  - 45 popliteal aneurysms were surgically treated in 35 patients. In 18 cases
      surgery was necessitated by emergency conditions: acute arterial occlusion due to
      thrombosis and (or) embolism (acute critical ischaemia) in 17 cases; rupture of
      an aneurysm in one case. Five major amputations could not be avoided. Elective
      surgical intervention in 27 cases, on the other hand, only resulted in the
      amputation of one leg. Given the high incidence of serious complications such as
      thrombosis and embolism in popliteal aneurysm and the reduced success rate of
      surgery in acute critical ischaemia, surgical correction upon diagnosis is
      recommended.

PMID- 3698844
TI  - [Doppler echocardiographic demonstration of ventricular septum rupture in acute
      myocardial infarct in an intensive care unit].
AB  - Rupture of the ventricular septum after acute transmural myocardial infarction
      occurred in four patients aged between 53 and 79 years. The rupture was verified
      by means of right-side cardiac catheterization. Only in two cases did two
      dimensional echocardiography reveal the rupture; in both cases the rupture site
      located by echocardiography was confirmed at autopsy. In each of the four
      patients the left-to-right shunt could be identified by means of pulsed Doppler
      echocardiography which showed a turbulence in the right ventricle. Furthermore,
      the combination of two-dimensional echocardiography and Doppler echocardiography
      allowed a correct localization of the turbulent left-to-right flow in all cases.
      In view of these findings, the combination of Doppler echocardiography and two
      dimensional echocardiography may be regarded as a suitable method for a readily
      available, non-invasive diagnosis of ventricular septum rupture in patients with
      acute myocardial infarction in an intensive care unit.

PMID- 3698845
TI  - [Familial proximal tubular azotemia. Elevated urea plasma levels in normal kidney
      function].
AB  - A family showed a renal disturbance, characterized by an elevated urea plasma
      concentration while glomerular filtration was found to be normal. A detailed
      study of renal clearance was performed on two members of this family in order to
      define the nature and site of the disorder. Evidence points to an isolated
      impairment of urea elimination, giving rise to a reduced urea concentrating
      ability and thus to a decrease in maximum urine concentration and water
      conservation. The most probable site of this impairment seems to be the proximal
      tubule.

PMID- 3698846
TI  - [Diagnosis and classification of soft-tissue sarcomas].

PMID- 3698847
TI  - [External heart pressure massage].

PMID- 3698848
TI  - [Various recommendations in the prophylaxis of chloroquine-resistant malaria].

PMID- 3698849
TI  - [Endoscopic transpapillary drainage of Wirsung's duct in chronic pancreatitis].
AB  - Endoscopic transpapillary drainage of the main pancreatic duct is a novel, non
      surgical method for the treatment of chronic pancreatitis. It seems to be
      particularly suited for the obstructive form characterized by dilatation of the
      duct system due to stenoses. Up to now drainages could be successfully performed
      in five out of six patients. In three cases a divided pancreas was present. The
      preliminary results are favourable: pain was almost completely eliminated and the
      patients gained weight. Complications due to the intervention have not been
      registered as yet. There was no obstruction or dislocation of catheters over an
      observation period of up to 18 weeks.

PMID- 3698851
TI  - [Diagnosis of bacterial meningitis].

PMID- 3698850
TI  - [Adjuvant chemotherapy in addition to radical surgical treatment of regional
      lymph node metastases in malignant melanoma].
AB  - Thirty-three patients with malignant melanoma and regional lymph node metastases
      who underwent lymph node dissection were additionally given polychemotherapy with
      carmustine, hydroxycarbamide and dacarbazine immediately before surgery and up to
      five times postoperatively. Twenty-nine patients were only treated surgically.
      These two groups were comparable as regards prognostic criteria, in particular
      tumour size, ulceration and the number of lymph nodes affected, although the
      individual follow-up periods varied considerably. The group given chemotherapy
      showed better results than the control group undergoing surgery alone. The log
      rank test yielded a significant difference (P less than 0.05) with respect to the
      probability of relapse-free survival but not as regards probability of survival
      time. Patients with ulcerated primary melanomas and with a large number of
      affected lymph nodes had a less favourable prognosis. The major side effects of
      chemotherapy were transient nausea and bone marrow depression.

PMID- 3698852
TI  - [Therapy of bacterial meningitis].

PMID- 3698853
TI  - [Do pure alcohol and alcoholic beverages induce stimulation of gastric juice
      secretion and gastrin liberation? A current opinion].

PMID- 3698854
TI  - [Diagnostic possibilities of nuclear spin tomography in brain diseases].

PMID- 3698855
TI  - [Therapeutic obligation and the right to refuse therapy].

PMID- 3698856
TI  - [Central nervous system complications after diphtheria vaccination].

PMID- 3698857
TI  - [Cytostatic polychemotherapy in the elderly].

PMID- 3698858
TI  - [Thornapple poisoning].

PMID- 3698859
TI  - [Continuous intravenous or intra-arterial administration via a subcutaneous
      implantable infusion chamber. Preliminary clinical experiences with particular
      reference to intra-arterial chemotherapy].
AB  - An infusion chamber was implanted subcutaneously in 18 patients for intravenous
      systemic treatment and in 20 for intra-arterial treatment of the liver.
      Intravenous catheters were introduced via the cephalic vein, intra-arterial ones
      via the gastroduodenal artery, after exclusion of extrahepatic metastases. Six
      manageable complications were observed during a total implantation time of 102
      months for i.v. treatment and usage over 500 days: three temporary occlusions;
      one infection; two extravasations. The intra-arterial chemotherapy, largely for
      hepatic metastases of breast carcinoma, was undertaken according to a modified
      FAM schema (fluorouracil, adriamycin, mitomycin C): It achieved a high response
      rate with two full and eleven partial remissions. Complications were rare, except
      for 4 temporary occlusions. Systemic side effects were almost completely absent,
      local toxicity was low. One problem was the fixation of the needle which connects
      to the infusion chamber. This was true for both intravenous and intra-arterial
      treatment.

PMID- 3698860
TI  - [Biatrial myxomas--a diagnostic challenge].
AB  - Like isolated cardiac myxoma, biatrial myxoma may manifest itself only by
      extracardiac symptoms over a prolonged period. A 24-year-old patient presented
      over seven years a history of repeated arthalgia with concomitant anaemia,
      elevated blood sedimentation rate, positive antistreptolysin test and
      electrophoretic signs of inflammation. A discrete systolic sound on auscultation
      gave rise to an echocardiographic examination which revealed a biatrial myxoma.

PMID- 3698861
TI  - [Biopsy microbiology and enterocolitis].

PMID- 3698862
TI  - [Fear of hospital trauma, a danger for sick children].

PMID- 3698864
TI  - [Emergency diagnosis in acute respiratory insufficiency].

PMID- 3698863
TI  - [Pulmonary functional disorders in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease].
AB  - Lung functions were tested (by whole-body plethysmography, pneumotachography, CO
      diffusion, blood-gas analysis) in 54 patients with Crohn's disease, 21 with
      ulcerative colitis and 43 healthy subjects. Abnormalities of pulmonary function
      were found in 38% of those with ulcerative colitis and 54% with Crohn's disease,
      significantly more often (p less than 0.005) than in the healthy controls (7%).
      Obstructive disorders were more frequent in patients with ulcerative colitis than
      Crohn's disease (p less than 0.01), the latter having mainly restrictive and
      diffusion abnormalities. The abnormal results were unrelated to previous drug
      treatment as well as duration, activity and site of the disease. The cause of the
      respiratory abnormalities remain unexplained, but they may be extra-intestinal
      manifestations of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.

PMID- 3698865
TI  - [Emergency therapy in acute respiratory insufficiency].

PMID- 3698866
TI  - [Secondary tumors following cytostatic chemotherapy with alkylating agents in
      man; the toxicological viewpoints].

PMID- 3698867
TI  - [Consideration of the epidemiological findings in the therapy of Crohn's
      disease].

PMID- 3698868
TI  - [Regional mortality in Crohn's disease in the Federal Republic including West
      Berlin].

PMID- 3698869
TI  - [Diagnostic criteria in Behcet's syndrome].

PMID- 3698870
TI  - [The changing aspects of drug use in pregnancy].

PMID- 3698871
TI  - [Air purifiers in the treatment of asthma in adults].

PMID- 3698872
TI  - [Pulmonary edema caused by nitrogen oxides in shipbuilding].

PMID- 3698874
TI  - [Psychosomatic disorders and strategic family therapy].

PMID- 3698873
TI  - [Cogan's syndrome in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 3698875
TI  - [Suprascapular nerve entrapment].

PMID- 3698876
TI  - [Subdural hematoma--an insidious complication of spinal anesthesia].

PMID- 3698877
TI  - [Characteristics of the carcinogenic action of methyl(acetoxymethyl)nitrosamine
      and DNA repair in rats of different ages].
AB  - A pattern of DNA methylation and carcinogenesis has been studied in young (3
      month-old) and old (14 month-old) female rats following a single intravenous
      injection (13 mg/kg) of methyl(acetoxymethyl)nitrosamine (DMN-OAc). The incidence
      of various tumours as well as the incidence of tumours in some peculiar sites
      were found to be similar in young and old DMN-OAc-treated rats. The life time of
      old rats was less than that in young animals; the average period of tumour
      detection was also shorter in old rats. In both young and old animals the highest
      concentrations of methylated purines were found in lung and kidney DNA. However,
      the level of DNA methylation in old rats was higher than in corresponding tissues
      of young animals. Efficiency of O6-meG repair in methylated template DNA was
      found to be the highest in liver extracts of 1- and 12-month-old rats. Further,
      by the age of 2 years, the activity of O6-meGT decreased. The findings suggest
      that different age periods could be characterized by different efficiency of DNA
      alkylation, synthesis and repair.

PMID- 3698878
TI  - [Carcinogenesis-modifying properties of aniline, carbon tetrachloride, benzene
      and ethanol].
AB  - Aniline and ethanol properties modifying carcinogenesis were revealed in chronic
      12-month experiment with 500 females of hybrid CBAXC57Bl/6 mice. The drugs were
      administered with water in combination with nitrosodiethylamine. The absence of a
      modifying effect in groups with carbon tetrachloride and benzene is attributed to
      the fact that concentrations of these chemicals used in the experiment were
      similar to those in the environment.

PMID- 3698880
TI  - [Possible role of embryonic surface antigens in forming the autostimulus of tumor
      cell proliferation].
AB  - It is shown that DNA synthesis intesifies in a mixed culture of cells of the
      tumours of different histogenesis, induced by monkey adenovirus SA7(C8) and
      chemical carcinogens, with syngenic and allogenic cells of an early embryo. This
      intensification of the synthesis in tumour cells is due to the contact of
      surfaces participating in the cell response but not to the soluble factors
      because when the embryo cells are placed into the milliporous chamber, the
      described effect is inhibited.

PMID- 3698879
TI  - [Enhancement of the transforming activity of simian adenovirus S5 and of the DNA
      from human adenovirus type I by benzo(a)pyrene and TPA].
AB  - Benz(a)pyrene in a concentration of 2.5 micrograms/ml produced a 3.3-fold
      increase in the transforming activity of simian adenovirus S5 in primary cultures
      of rat kidney cells. Under analogous conditions TPA increased (2.1 times) the
      transforming activity of DNA of human adenovirus of type I (AdI). PX5 cells
      (cotransformed by S5 and benz(a)pyrene) induced tumours in 100% of syngeneic and
      81% xenogeneic animals. PX4 cells (transformed by S5 only) induced tumours in 60%
      of syngeneic animals. Cells transformed by DNA AdI and DNA AdI + TPA did not
      induce tumours in animals.

PMID- 3698881
TI  - [Induction of substances with thymosin-like activity and the potentiation of
      interferonogenesis in the mechanism of prodigiozan inhibition of 3
      methylcholanthrene-induced blastomogenesis].
AB  - It is shown that prodigiosan is an inductor of synthesis of the substances with
      the thymosin-like activity. The suggestion about inhibition of 3
      methylcholanthrene-induced blastomogenesis by prodigiosan which is mediated by
      the substances with the thymosin-like activity and interferon is discussed. We
      present the hypothetical diagram of the development of the above mentioned
      mechanism. The significance of the obtained findings for elaboration of the
      immunotherapy is discussed.

PMID- 3698882
TI  - [Creatine kinase and its isoenzymes in breast tumor tissue].
AB  - The activity and isoenzyme spectrum of creatine kinase (CK) were studied in
      cytosole fraction 60 of the mammary gland carcinoma (MGC) and in the
      corresponding unchanged tissues. The values of the CK activity in MGC were found
      to be highly different (0.05-14.6 unit/g of tissue). The correlation of CK
      activity in MGC with the menstrual function was revealed. Enhancement in the CK
      activity is due to an increase in the BB-isoenzyme activity and an appearance of
      atypical supplementary MM1-isoenzyme is, possibly, of mitochondrial origin. These
      isoenzymes may be nonspecific markers of malignancy and may be used for diagnosis
      of mammary gland carcinoma.

PMID- 3698883
TI  - [Adsorption on charcoal sorbents of the nucleic acids from the blood plasma of
      leukemia patients and from the ascitic fluid of mice with lymphoma NK/Ly].
AB  - Using 3H-thymidine, 14C-orotic acid and ethidium bromide identification of the
      nucleic acid double-stranded structures from biological fluids and the method of
      hemocarboperfusion the data are obtained on the active and irreversible
      adsorption of nucleic acids and nucleoproteins from plasma of leukaemic patients
      and ascitic fluid of mice with lymphoma NK/Ly.

PMID- 3698884
TI  - [Effect of ascorbic acid on the development of a spontaneous lymphoproliferative
      process in SJL/J-strain mice].
AB  - Ascorbic acid (AA) effects on the development of lymphoproliferative process
      according to the type of a reticular variant of Hodgkin's disease have been
      investigated in SJL/J mice. An oral AA injection in a 0.05% aqueous solution for
      6-8 months (0.625 mg/kg) with a total dose of 0.5 per mouse has not produced any
      side effects, has reduced both the rate of tumour process development (from 80.5%
      in control to 68.0% in experiment) and the degree of its extension, and also has
      led to a statistically significant decrease in the frequency of development of
      general amyloidosis.

PMID- 3698885
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the action of oxythiamine and its derivatives on
      animals with Erhlich's ascitic cancer].
AB  - It is found that hydroxythiamine ester with sebacic acid surpassed
      hydroxythiamine in its antitumour effect on Ehrlich ascites tumour in albino
      mice. A linear correlation is observed between the values of activity
      coefficients of hydroxythiamine and its esters with dicarboxylic acids and some
      morphometric data.

PMID- 3698886
TI  - [Modification of the determination of the quantitative characteristics of an
      experimental tumor process].
AB  - Modifications of the main quantitative characteristics of experimental tumour
      processes are proposed for the optimal assessment and comparison of various
      antitumoural effects.

PMID- 3698887
TI  - [Amnesia in thalamic infarction].
AB  - Restricted thalamic infarctions are in man a useful model for investigating the
      consequences of limited diencephalic lesions on memory and verbal or visual
      learning. Two new cases of amnesia with thalamo-sub-thalamic infarctions are
      presented, with a general review of the problem. The gathering of the different
      cases according to the vascular thalamic territories and, as a consequence, to
      nuclear or associative structures concerned, allows a better approach of the
      relations between amnesia and infarctions. Uni or bilateral anterior lesions are
      the cause of more important and pure memory deficits, posterior infarctions are
      more often associated to language involvement or spatial cognitive problems which
      interfere with memorizing.

PMID- 3698888
TI  - [New diagnostic and neuroendocrine approaches to the borderline syndrome].
AB  - The recent literature reflects a growing interest in Borderline Disorders. This
      paper summarizes the recent developments on nosological, genetical and biological
      aspects of the Borderline syndrome. Original neuroendocrine results from our
      group are presented and discussed. They suggest that an endogenomorphic
      depressive spectrum may be associated with the Borderline personality disorders.

PMID- 3698890
TI  - Use of the clinical laboratory in emergency medicine II.

PMID- 3698889
TI  - Combination therapy with haloperidol and orphenadrine in schizophrenia. A
      clinical and pharmacokinetic study.
AB  - The use of anti-cholinergic drugs for counteracting neuroleptic induced
      extrapyramidal side-effects (EPS) is controversial. A possible increase in
      anticholinergic symptoms and a pharmacokinetic interaction are reported in
      literature. In order to determine these points, 22 schizophrenic patients were
      studied. Haloperidol (HL) was administered for 3 weeks and Orphenadrine (ORD)
      only in the second week of treatment. ORD reduced significantly EPS and its
      withdrawal led to a marked deterioration of EPS and psychopathological picture.
      There was an increase in HL plasma levels after starting ORD, and ORD plasma
      levels were positively related to EPS amelioration. Finally, prolactin seemed to
      be higher in those patients with EPS, particularly after ORD withdrawal.

PMID- 3698891
TI  - Osmolality.
AB  - An understanding of the osmotic physiology and colligative properties of a
      solution will benefit the emergency physician in proper ordering and
      interpretation of serum osmolality measurements. Though of use in evaluating
      disorders of water metabolism, the serum osmolality plays a major role in the
      Emergency Department evaluation of impaired mental status, especially in
      alcoholics. A significant discrepancy between calculated and measured values may
      be the earliest laboratory finding in methanol, ethanol, and ethylene glycol
      ingestion.

PMID- 3698892
TI  - Therapeutic drug levels and toxicology screen.
AB  - Toxicologic analysis cannot supplant physician skills in the diagnosis and
      management of poisoning; however, it is a useful adjunct when properly used.
      Laboratory use should reflect critical consideration of clinical contribution as
      well as insight into institutional capability. A detailed historic review and
      interview of multiple sources may provide more useful and expeditious information
      than the blind "drug screen." Test ordering should be limited to that which
      directly contributes to clinical patient management.16 Similarly, test results
      must be interpreted in the clinical context of patient presentation. The reported
      units of measurement must be carefully scrutinized; and the potential for
      laboratory error must be appreciated. Most importantly, communication and
      cooperation must be maintained between the physician and laboratory personnel if
      the resource is to be optimally used.

PMID- 3698893
TI  - Materials for emergency department laboratory.
AB  - Emergency centers with patient volumes in excess of 20,000 visits per year can
      benefit from a stat laboratory within its area. A stat lab can reduce waiting
      time for common emergency center tests. This chapter has attempted to present a
      "how to" approach in establishing a satellite laboratory in the emergency center.
      While an expense of $10,000 to $20,000 is minimum for such a laboratory, the
      authors believe the benefits of improved and timely patient care can offset these
      costs. With the ever increasing financial burdens of modern hospitals, these
      recommendations may be too costly for some departments. An alternative to
      consider is a basic laboratory for physicians maintained by central laboratory.
      The equipment required is listed in Table 2.

PMID- 3698894
TI  - The metabolic clearance rate of and pressor responses to vasopressin in male and
      female rats.
AB  - Recent evidence indicates that the plasma vasopressin concentration is higher in
      males than in females and that this may be due to sexually dimorphic effects of
      the gonadal steroids. However, whether this difference in plasma vasopressin
      levels reflects differences in secretion or metabolism of the hormone could not
      be determined from the available data. Therefore, we measured the MCR of
      vasopressin in conscious male and female rats over a broad range of plasma
      concentrations of the hormone. No differences were observed in MCR either within
      a sex or between the sexes over the ranges of plasma concentrations of
      vasopressin tested. This indicates that the differences in basal plasma
      vasopressin concentration that were previously reported between male and female
      rats reflect differences in secretion. In addition, the pressor responses to
      infused vasopressin were 2 to 3 times greater (P less than 0.01) in male than in
      female rats, even though the plasma vasopressin concentrations achieved in the
      two groups were identical. Although the basal heart rate was higher (P less than
      0.01) in female than in male rats, the decreases in heart rate observed in
      response to the vasopressin infusions were similar between the sexes. The
      mechanisms responsible for the differences in basal vasopressin secretion and
      pressor responsiveness between males and females are uncertain, but could involve
      actions of the gonadal steroids on the central nervous system and the peripheral
      vasculature.

PMID- 3698895
TI  - Thiol regulation of depletion-transformation and release of prolactin by the
      pituitary of the lactating rat.
AB  - We investigated the possibility that thiol-disulfide interchange mechanisms are
      involved in depletion-transformation (loss of tissue PRL detectability) and
      release of PRL from adenohypophyses (AP) of lactating rats. The influence of pH,
      bicarbonate, and Triton X-100 as well as thiol-related compounds on these
      processes was assessed. Tissue PRL was depleted-transformed by the use of three
      different conditions: 1) 30 min of suckling after 8 h of nonsuckling; 2) in vitro
      incubation of APs for 2 h; or 3) in vivo cysteamine (CSH) treatment. Lactating
      rats nonsuckled for 8 h served as controls (no depletion-transformation). The
      depletion-transformation phenomenon was unchanged by extraction with Tris-HCl
      0.1% Triton X-100 buffers but reversed either by extraction with bicarbonate
      buffer (pH 8.2 or 9.7) or by incubation of pH 8.2 homogenates for 3 h at 37 C.
      Reduced glutathione (GSH) added to these homogenates further enhanced PRL
      detectability. At pH 6.5, however, incubation with or without GSH had the
      opposite effect and decreased PRL detectability. In AP incubations, depletion was
      increased in a dose- and time-dependent fashion by the aminothiol CSH, and by
      GSH, dithiothreitol, or mercaptoethanol but not sodium ascorbate. These agents
      also inhibited PRL release. Similar results were obtained after injection of CSH
      (20-120 mg/kg BW) 4 h before death. Depletion and release of PRL in incubated APs
      were prevented by iodoacetamide and N-ethylmaleimide (0.1-5 mM); GSH or CSH
      counteracted these effects. In contrast to the alkylating agents, oxidized
      glutathione and 5,5'-dithio-2-nitrobenzoic acid inhibited PRL depletion but
      stimulated PRL release. Thus, thiols and aminothiols may preferentially lead to
      depletion-transformation of PRL, whereas disulfides may inhibit depletion and
      facilitate PRL release. Although in some experiments increased depletion was
      dissociated from increased release, nonetheless the data support the concept that
      shifts in PRL detectability during depletion-transformation, repletion, and
      release involve thiol-disulfide interchange mechanisms.

PMID- 3698896
TI  - Reversal by thiols of dopamine-, stalk-median eminence-, and zinc-induced
      inhibition of prolactin transformation in adenohypophyses of lactating rats.
AB  - Depletion-transformation of PRL is a decrease in tissue PRL detectability which
      precedes and may often be required for increased PRL release. The present studies
      were designed to determine whether thiol-disulfide interchange mechanisms may be
      involved in PRL transformation and release by the pituitary of the lactating rat.
      Thirds of 8-h nonsuckled lactating rat adenohypophyses were incubated with or
      without thiols (reduced glutathione, the aminothiol cysteamine, or
      mercaptoethanol), in the presence of known inhibitors of transformation and
      release such as dopamine (DA), stalk median eminence (SME) extract, or Zn++. PRL
      concentrations in pre- and postincubated tissues, as well as the amount of
      released PRL, were determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and
      densitometry. In 30-min incubations without additions, 12-22% of the tissue PRL
      was depleted; however, in the presence of 17-50 microM DA, all doses of SME
      extracts tested (0.5-2.0 eq), or 0.1 mM Zn++, depletion was partially or totally
      prevented and PRL release was inhibited 25-60%. On the other hand, when thiols
      were added in addition to the above agents, a complete, dose-related, restoration
      of PRL depletion was obtained. In 120-min incubations, thiols similarly reversed
      the effects of 0.05 mM DA on depletion, but thiols did not reverse the inhibition
      of PRL release caused by DA, SME, or Zn++. Other data indicate that thiols alone
      may inhibit rat PRL release and also facilitate or induce PRL depletion; in
      bovine PRL granules, thiols reverse Zn++ inhibition of PRL release and
      detectability. These data suggest that thiol-disulfide interchange reactions may
      be importantly involved in both depletion-transformation and in secretion. The
      precise thiol sensitivity of the two processes does not appear identical,
      secretion being more sensitive to DA and less sensitive to thiols than depletion
      transformation.

PMID- 3698897
TI  - Role of vasopressin in the cardiovascular response to stimulation of the locus
      coeruleus.
AB  - Hypothalamic vasopressin synthesizing nuclei (paraventricular and supraoptic)
      send vasopressin-containing projections to a number of neural target areas
      thought to be involved in cardiovascular regulation. One area known to receive
      vasopressinergic projections from the paraventricular nucleus is the pontine
      nucleus locus coeruleus. To examine the possible functional participation of
      vasopressin in central cardiovascular regulation, we examined mean arterial
      pressure (millimeters of Hg) and heart rate (beats per min) responses to
      electrical stimulation of the locus coeruleus in conscious, unrestrained
      vasopressin-deficient Brattleboro rats homozygous for diabetes insipidus (DI
      rats) and long Evans (LE) rats. Rats received chronic arterial and venous
      catheters and bipolar stimulating electrodes 3-5 days before experiment.
      Stimulation of the locus coeruleus (100 microA, 10-40 Hz) produced frequency
      dependent increases in mean arterial pressure and heart rate in LE and DI, but
      the responses were significantly less in the latter group. The deficiency in mean
      arterial pressure and heart rate responses to locus coeruleus stimulation in DI
      rats was found to be centrally mediated in that responses to peripherally
      administered phenylephrine were the same as those for LE rats. Ganglionic
      blockade significantly attenuated responses to locus coeruleus stimulation in LE
      rats but had little effect in DI rats. Pretreatment of DI rats with chronic
      intracerebroventricular infusion of vasopressin (osmotic minipump) at a dose that
      had no effect peripherally increased the mean arterial pressure and heart rate
      responses to locus coeruleus stimulation. Our results suggest that vasopressin
      acts in the region of the locus coeruleus to exert a central action on
      sympathetic outflow.

PMID- 3698898
TI  - Growth hormone potentiates colony formation of epiphyseal chondrocytes in
      suspension culture.
AB  - The effect of human GH (hGH) on colony formation of rat epiphyseal plate
      chondrocytes was studied in suspension culture. Chondrocytes were isolated
      enzymatically from epiphyseal plates of the proximal tibia of 28-day-old normal
      male rats, and were cultured in a suspension stabilized with 0.5% agarose. After
      approximately 7 days of culture in the presence of 10% newborn calf serum (NCS),
      chondrocyte colonies developed consisting of varying numbers of cells in matrix.
      No colonies developed in the absence of NCS, and the number of formed colonies
      was proportional to the concentration of NCS (5-20%) in the medium. hGH
      potentiated the formation of large size colonies (diameter greater than 90
      microns) after a culture period of 10 or 14 days. The lowest effective
      concentration of hGH was 10 ng/ml, while 40 ng/ml hGH gave a maximal stimulatory
      effect (40-50%). Higher concentrations of hGH (80 and 160 ng/ml) showed reduced
      potentiation of colony formation. The stimulatory effect of hGH was expressed at
      10-15% of NCS at 14 days of culture. There was a linear relation between the
      number of seeded cells and the number of colonies formed, both in the absence and
      presence of hGH. These results show that GH potentiates colony formation in
      chondrocytes of the epiphyseal growth plate, providing further support for the
      contention that GH exert a direct stimulatory effect on epiphyseal cartilage and
      thus stimulates longitudinal bone growth directly. The finding that GH
      preferentially potentiated the formation of large size colonies suggests that GH
      promoted the differentiation of early proliferative chondrocytes or stem cell
      chondrocytes with an inherent high capacity to proliferate.

PMID- 3698899
TI  - Age-related alterations in the number and function of pituitary lactotropic cells
      from intact and ovariectomized rats.
AB  - We have sought to determine whether the reported age-related increase in in vivo
      and in vitro PRL secretion in intact and/or postpubertally ovariectomized female
      rats results from increased number and/or function of lactotropic cells
      Immunocytochemical staining with antirat-PRL serum, goat antirabbit serum, and
      peroxidase-antiperoxidase using H2O2 and 4-chloro-1-naphthol or 3'3'
      diaminobenzidine hydrochloride as substrates was used to compare the percentages
      of lactotropes in primary suspensions of heterogeneous adenohypophyseal cells
      from groups of intact and 3-day ovariectomized mature (6 to 7 month) Wistar rats
      at estrus (E) or diestrus1-2 (D) with those from the corresponding old (22 to 24
      month) rats in constant estrus (CE) or constant diestrus (CD). For both intact
      and ovariectomized old vs. mature rats, there were small (30-35%) but significant
      (P less than 0.005) increases in lactotrope number. Lactotrope number did not
      differ (P greater than 0.05) between E vs. D rats, or CE vs. CD rats, either
      before or after ovariectomy; moreover, ovariectomy per se did not alter (P
      greater than 0.05) lactotrope number in any of the groups. Electron microscopic
      examination of lactotropic cells derived from ovariectomized CE rats revealed
      ultrastructural changes compatible with estrogenic hyperstimulation; such
      alterations were not observed in cells from the corresponding E rats. Basal and
      17 beta-estradiol (10(-10) M)-stimulated in vitro PRL secretion was measured for
      4 days in primary cultures from each of the above groups of rats. After
      correction for lactotrope number, PRL secretion was greater (P less than 0.01)
      from cells of intact and ovariectomized CD vs. D rats, whereas 17 beta-estradiol
      stimulated (P less than 0.001) but not basal (P greater than 0.05) PRL secretion
      was greater from the corresponding CE vs. E rats. There was no effect (P greater
      than 0.05) of reproductive status or of short term ovariectomy on in vitro PRL
      secretion. These data suggest that aging in the female rat is associated with
      alterations in both the number and function of pituitary lactotropic cells.

PMID- 3698900
TI  - Bioactivity of serum and pituitary prolactin during the rat estrous cycle.
AB  - The availability of a mitogenic bioassay for PRL in which multiple, small samples
      could be analyzed led us to examine circulating and pituitary PRL bioactivity
      during the estrous cycle of the rat. Bio- (B) and immuno (I)-activities were
      compared in individual samples using rat PRL RP-1 standard. B:I ratios ranged
      between 2.3 and 6.8 for serum and 1.4 and 3.2 for pituitaries. Serum bioactivity
      increased 24-fold during the surge of PRL on the afternoon of proestrus, whereas
      pituitary bioactivity decreased almost 5-fold during this time period. Serum B:I
      ratios were significantly (P less than 0.01) elevated on the day of proestrus
      (0900-1800 h) compared to those on diestrous day 2. Pituitary B:I ratios ranged
      from a high of 2.3 +/- 0.3 on diestrous day 2 and 1500 h on proestrus to 1.8 +/-
      0.1 on diestrous day 1. Differences between mean B:I ratios of pituitaries
      obtained at different cycle stages were not statistically significant.
      Interestingly, serum B and I were not correlated (r = 0.55, 0.68) at the peak of
      the proestrous PRL surge when pituitary extracts exhibited the highest
      correlation (r = 0.94). The augmented bioactivity of serum compared to that in
      pituitaries was not due to a synergistic serum effect. It is likely that the
      proestrous PRL surge, similar to the preovulatory LH surge, results from
      secretion of a pool of high biological activity. Since no evidence was found for
      a lactogen synergist in the circulation, the difference between serum and
      pituitary bioactivity could reflect an averaging of releasable and nonreleasable
      pools of PRL with varying degrees of biopotency. That these differences result
      from postsecretion enhancement of PRL biopotency, possibly due to changes in
      molecular structure and/or conformation, also cannot be ruled out. PRL biopotency
      in the circulation of the rat is much higher than that reported for women,
      perhaps reflecting the physiological relevance of PRL to luteal function in the
      rat.

PMID- 3698901
TI  - A single 1- or 5-second light pulse at night inhibits hamster pineal melatonin.
AB  - Adult male Syrian hamsters maintained under 6-h light, 18-h dark cycles (lights
      out daily from 1200-0600 h) were exposed to either 1 or 5 sec light either 8 h
      (at 2000 h) or 12 h (at 2400 h) into the dark phase. The light had an irradiance
      of 32,000 microW/cm2. With both light pulse durations and at both times,
      melatonin levels were depressed to daytime values 30 min after the onset of the
      light pulse. Whereas pineal melatonin production eventually increased to high
      nighttime values in hamsters exposed to 1 sec light at either 2000 or 2400 h and
      in animals receiving a 5-sec light pulse at 2000 h, when the 5-sec light occurred
      at 2400 h, pineal melatonin levels remained low for the remainder of the night.
      Thus, both the placement and the duration of light exposure appear to be
      important in determining the ability of light to depress melatonin production in
      the Syrian hamster.

PMID- 3698902
TI  - The nuclear accumulation of [3H]testosterone and [3H]estradiol in the brain of
      the female primate: evidence for the aromatization hypothesis.
AB  - To identify the metabolites of estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) in nuclei
      obtained from the female primate brain and, hence, to investigate the mechanism
      of their actions on behavior, 9 ovariectomized adult rhesus monkeys were studied.
      Two of these females were injected with 5.5 mCi [3H]T, and 30 min later, samples
      of 14 brain areas, pituitary gland, and peripheral tissues were removed and
      homogenized. Purified cell nuclei and a crude cytosol fraction were prepared,
      extracted with ether, and fractionated by HPLC to identify steroid metabolites.
      In nuclei from the hypothalamus, preoptic area, and amygdala, [3H]E2 formed
      locally was the major form of radioactivity. In nuclei from the clitoris,
      [3H]dihydrotestosterone was the major form of radioactivity, and in nuclei in all
      other brain samples and in the pituitary gland and uterus, [3H]T predominated.
      Two females (controls) were pretreated for 5 days with oil sc, injected with 1
      mCi [3H]E2, and killed 60 min later. In these females, elevated nuclear
      concentrations of [3H]E2 were found in the hypothalamus, preoptic area, amygdala,
      pituitary gland, and uterus. Similar results were obtained in 2 females that were
      pretreated for 5 days with 2 mg/day dihydrotestosterone propionate, sc, and then
      injected with 1 mCi [3H]E2. In 3 females that were pretreated for 5 days with 2
      mg/day T propionate, sc, and then injected with 1 mCi [3H]E2, levels of [3H]E2
      were reduced by 100% (P less than 0.01) in nuclei from preoptic area and amygdala
      compared with control values and by 78% (P less than 0.05) in nuclei from the
      hypothalamus. There were no comparable reductions in steroid levels in cerebral
      cortex, pituitary gland, or uterus. This is the first direct evidence in the
      brain of a female primate that the actions of T and E2 involve the same receptor
      systems.

PMID- 3698903
TI  - Stimulation of creatine kinase activity in rat organs by human growth hormone in
      vivo and in vitro.
AB  - Intraperitoneal injection of human GH (hGH) (4 micrograms/g BW) into 21-day-old
      rats causes, 24 h later, an increase in creatine kinase (CK) specific activity in
      kidney (1.7-fold), liver (1.6-fold), and in epiphyseal cartilage (1.8-fold).
      Similar stimulation was obtained when tissue explants were incubated for 24 h
      with hGH (1 microgram/ml); CK activity rose 1.8-fold in kidney, 1.9-fold in the
      liver, and 2.6-fold in epiphyseal cartilage. Highly significant stimulation of CK
      specific activity was obtained in these same organs in hypophysectomized rats.
      The increase in CK specific activity in the kidney, to some extent in the liver,
      but not in the epiphyseal cartilage, was also obtained on in vivo treatment with
      either human placental lactogen or ovine PRL. Stimulation of CK in these three
      organs by hGH is followed by a parallel increase in DNA synthesis. Dexamethasone,
      which was also found to increase CK activity in rat kidney and liver, did not
      affect the increase of CK by hGH in the kidney, stimulated the effect of hGH in
      the liver, and partially inhibited the effect of hGH in the epiphyseal cartilage.
      Diethylaminoethyl cellulose chromatography revealed that the basal and induced
      activity of CK in all cases was due to the brain type isozyme. On the basis of
      this evidence for a direct effect of hGH on CK brain type activity, we suggest
      that its stimulation is potentially a convenient and sensitive assay for
      biological activity of GH.

PMID- 3698904
TI  - Isolation of a nontransforming bone-derived growth factor from medium conditioned
      by fetal rat calvariae.
AB  - Previous studies have indicated that medium conditioned by 21-day-old fetal rat
      calvariae contains bioactive proteins termed bone-derived growth factors (BDGF) I
      and II. In the present studies we have purified the nontransforming BDGF II by
      dialysis, molecular sieving, three reverse phase HPLC steps, and preparative
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The second HPLC step (HPLC-2) yielded a
      recovery of 22% of the biological activity and achieved a 1500-fold purification,
      resulting in 20 micrograms protein/liter calvarial conditioned medium; the third
      HPLC step was of limited value in the purification of BDGF. Analytical PAGE
      revealed that the majority of the protein in HPLC-2-purified BDGF migrated with a
      relative molecular mass (Mr) of 11,000 and two additional proteins were seen at a
      Mr of 22,000-23,000. On preparative PAGE, the material migrating with a Mr of
      11,000 stimulated parameters of bone and fibroblast growth in vitro, whereas the
      material with a Mr of 22,000-23,000 had less biological activity. Isoelectric
      focusing revealed that BDGF had an isoelectric point (pI) of 5. BDGF enhanced the
      incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA in fibroblast and calvarial cultures and
      of [3H]proline into collagen and noncollagen protein in calvariae. In conclusion,
      fetal rat calvariae secrete a BDGF with an estimated Mr of 11,000 and a pI of 5;
      this material stimulates bone and fibroblast growth in vitro.

PMID- 3698905
TI  - An improved method for the purification of human insulin-like growth factors I
      and II.
AB  - Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) I and II have been purified from Cohn fraction
      IV-1 of human plasma. After acid-ethanol extraction, the consecutive use of
      conventional gel filtration and reverse phase liquid chromatography has permitted
      the rapid isolation of these polypeptides. Purification was monitored by the use
      of specific RIAs. In both chromatography systems, separation was optimized by
      performing it on the same stationary phase but successively with mobile phases of
      different pH or different solute selectivity. The two polypeptides were shown to
      be pure by their unique amino acid composition, particularly by the absence of
      specific amino acids (histidine, tryptophan, and methionine), and their unique
      amino-terminal sequences. In addition, the lack of cross-contamination of the two
      growth factors with each other was established by the unique isoelectric focusing
      patterns of IGF-I at pI 8.25 and IGF-II at pI 6.5. From 900 g Cohn fraction IV-1,
      which is equivalent to 66 liters human plasma, approximately 100 micrograms of
      each IGF can be obtained by our procedure, which can easily be carried out in a
      clinical research laboratory.

PMID- 3698906
TI  - The effects of opioid receptor antagonists suggest that testicular opiates
      regulate Sertoli and Leydig cell function in the neonatal rat.
AB  - beta-Endorphin and other peptides derived from proopiomelanocortin are
      synthesized in testicular Leydig cells. To better understand the possible
      function of these and other endogenous opioid peptides in the testis, the opioid
      antagonists naloxone and nalmefene were administered intratesticularly to
      hemicastrated 5-day-old rats. Both naloxone and nalmefene potentiated testicular
      hypertrophy induced by unilateral orchidectomy at 11 days of age. Unexpectedly,
      at least a 100-fold lower dose of nalmefene was required to produce maximal
      hypertrophy than that previously reported for naloxone. Leydig and Sertoli cell
      functions were evaluated, respectively, by measurement of basal testosterone
      production in vitro and rat androgen-binding protein (rABP) in serum. The optimal
      dose of naloxone for hypertrophy (1 microgram/testis) suppressed testosterone
      production and had a nonuniform effect on rABP secretion (either had no effect or
      produced a slight increase). By contrast, the optimal dose of nalmefene for
      hypertrophy (0.01 microgram/testis) not only suppressed basal testosterone
      secretion, but also uniformly increased rABP levels in serum. Larger doses of
      this opioid antagonist, up to 1 microgram/testis, were not as effective on the
      three parameters measured (hypertrophy, testosterone secretion, and rABP levels).
      These results suggest that this agent has both antagonistic and agonistic
      activities in the testis. At the doses that produced optimal effects on
      hypertrophy, systemic administration of these antagonists produced no effects.
      The results of these studies suggest that intratesticular opiates exert a
      suppressive effect on Sertoli cell growth and rABP secretion. In addition, these
      peptides may modulate testosterone secretion by Leydig cells.

PMID- 3698907
TI  - Ovarian steroid regulation of basal pulsatile luteinizing hormone release between
      the mornings of proestrus and estrus in the rat.
AB  - The aim of this study was to examine the regulation of basal pulsatile LH release
      by ovarian estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) during the interval between the
      mornings of proestrus and estrus in the rat estrous cycle. Pulsatile LH release
      was studied in six groups of rats bled continuously through jugular venous
      cannulae between 0930-1230 h at a rate of 50 microliter whole blood/5 min: 1)
      bled on proestrus; 2) sham ovariectomy (OVX) at 0900-1000 h on proestrus and bled
      on estrus; 3-6) OVX at 0900-1000 h on proestrus, implanted with either empty or
      E2-, P-, or E2- plus P-containing Silastic capsules, and bled 24 h after OVX. In
      our colony, plasma E2 levels peaked at 1300 h, remained high through 1730 h, and
      then declined. Plasma P values increased between 1300 and 1730 h, peaked at 2000
      h, and were rapidly declining by 2400 h. To reproduce the magnitude as well as
      the temporal pattern for these changes in plasma E2 and P levels, E2 capsules
      were inserted at the time of OVX on proestrus and removed at 1830 h. P capsules
      were inserted at 1400 h and removed at 2300 h. Groups of ovariectomized or sham
      ovariectomized control animals had empty capsules implanted and removed at
      comparable times. Capsules producing basal E2 and P levels were not inserted
      after the removal of the original implant, since mean blood LH levels, pulse
      amplitude, and frequency were the same in rats sham ovariectomized or
      ovariectomized at 1830 h on proestrus and bled the next morning between 0930-1230
      h. Mean blood LH levels decreased between the mornings of proestrus and estrus
      due to a reduction in LH pulse frequency as pulse amplitude remained stable. OVX
      at 0900-1000 h on proestrus increased mean blood LH levels 2.5-fold compared to
      values on estrus due to increases in both LH pulse frequency and amplitude.
      Restoration of physiological proestrous levels of only E2 returned LH pulse
      frequency to estrous values, but did not significantly affect LH pulse amplitude.
      P alone also had no significant effect on LH pulse amplitude, but slightly
      reduced pulse frequency, although, unlike E2, not to values seen on estrus.
      Replacing both E2 and P returned LH pulse amplitude to estrous levels and reduced
      LH pulse frequency.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3698908
TI  - Effects of progesterone on decidual prolactin production by organ cultures of
      human endometrium.
AB  - The effects of progesterone on decidual PRL (dPRL) production by human
      endometrium were investigated by culturing explants of proliferative (n = 20) and
      secretory (n = 12) endometrium in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium supplemented
      with 10 mM HEPES buffer, 0.1% gelatin (wt/vol), and antibiotics for 6 days and in
      medium containing 50 ng/ml of progesterone for 6-28 days. The culture medium was
      replaced daily, and the spent medium was assayed for dPRL. Representative
      explants were fixed for histological examination after 1, 2, 7, 14, and 28 days
      in vitro. When explants of endometrium obtained throughout the cycle were
      cultured in the presence of progesterone, dPRL production was stimulated.
      Proliferative endometria required 2-5 days in culture before dPRL was measured in
      the medium. Thereafter, dPRL production increased gradually for the duration of
      the experiment. Progesterone also induced glandular secretion and stromal
      differentiation (decidualization) in these tissues. Cultures of proliferative
      endometrium that did not receive progesterone did not produce detectable amounts
      of dPRL. When explants of secretory endometrium were cultured in DMEM without
      exogenous progesterone, dPRL was released into the medium for 2-5 days; however,
      dPRL production by the cultures that did not receive progesterone declined to
      undetectable levels, while that by the progesterone-treated cultures increased
      steadily. Explants of both proliferative and secretory endometrium that were
      fixed for histological examination after 28 days of culture in the presence of
      progesterone were composed predominately of large stromal cells that resembled
      the decidual cells of pregnancy endometrium.

PMID- 3698909
TI  - Evidence, by in vitro enzymatic iodination of thyroglobulin, that the efficiency
      of coupling is determined by the initial iodide concentration.
AB  - The rate of iodination and the extent and the efficiency of coupling, assessed by
      the T4 residues formed per atom of iodine bound, have been studied by in vitro
      enzymatic iodination of iodine-poor (0.01% I) human goiter thyroglobulin (Tgb; 1
      microM) with varying concentrations of iodide (0.75 X 10(-5)-10(-4) M I-),
      lactoperoxidase (0.1-5 micrograms/ml), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generated
      from glucose (1 mg/ml) and glucose oxidase (0.025-2.5 mU/ml). Under the
      experimental conditions used, variations in the H2O2 concentration affect the
      rate of iodination, but not the extent of coupling. Variations in the peroxidase
      concentration do not affect the rate of iodination or the coupling efficiency.
      Variations in the iodide concentration do not affect the rate of iodination, but
      do affect the coupling efficiency, which is higher the lower the initial iodide
      concentration. Both iodination and coupling take place almost simultaneously.
      They are catalyzed by peroxidase, and iodination is completed earlier the lower
      the iodide concentration. Therefore, once iodination is complete, coupling alone,
      with high efficiency, takes place. This suggests that the active peroxidase
      compounds formed will be mainly directed toward the catalysis of iodination or
      coupling, depending on the actual iodide concentration present in the incubation
      medium. Provided that initially nonlimiting noninhibiting H2O2 and iodide
      concentrations are used and that iodination and coupling are allowed to proceed
      to completion, the extent of coupling is a function of the degree of iodination
      of Tgb achieved, and its efficiency is determined not just by the native
      structure of Tgb, but also by the initial iodide concentration used.

PMID- 3698910
TI  - Formation of behaviorally effective 17 beta-estradiol in the dove brain: steroid
      control of preoptic aromatase.
AB  - The preoptic area (POA) of the male dove is a known target area for separable
      behavioral actions of testosterone and 17 beta-estradiol (E2) and contains an
      active aromatase system. We have examined the regulatory influence of gonadal
      hormones on aromatase using an in vitro microassay that measures conversion of [1
      alpha, 2 alpha-3H]testosterone to E2 in anatomically defined brain samples of
      individual animals. Preoptic aromatase activity, which is higher in males than
      females, is decreased (77%) in both short (30 day) and long term (180 day)
      castrates, indicating that gonadal hormones maintain POA aromatase activity.
      Basal levels of POA activity are not influenced by the period of hormonal
      deficit. Low levels of aromatase activity detected in area basalis are also
      unaffected by castration. Intramuscular testosterone propionate rapidly increases
      aromatase activity (within 12 h) specifically in POA of castrated males. The
      inductive effect of testosterone propionate in castrated doves is not increased
      by limited behavioral interactions in a test situation with sexually active
      females. A nonaromatizable androgen, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, has no effect
      on POA aromatase activity, whereas the activity of this enzyme is restored to
      levels of sexually active males by systemic E2. Diethylstilbestrol has a similar,
      though less potent effect, indicating an estrogenic action on the enzyme. We
      conclude that circulating androgen modulates preoptic aromatase activity. The
      product of the reaction, E2, is also likely to be involved as part of a positive
      feedback system.

PMID- 3698911
TI  - Evidence for the secretion of decidual luteotropin: a prolactin-like hormone
      produced by rat decidual cells.
AB  - Rat decidual tissue contains a PRL-like hormone named decidual luteotropin. We
      have recently revealed some of its physiological and biochemical characteristics.
      However, because rat decidual tissue contains specific binding sites for PRL, it
      was important to demonstrate that the hormone found in the tissue is not locally
      stored and structurally transformed PRL but a hormone actively synthesized by the
      rat decidual tissue. Decidual explants or decidual cells obtained from day 9
      pseudopregnant rats were incubated for different times under either static
      conditions or continuously perifused with medium at a rate of 1 ml/h. Levels of
      decidual luteotropin were measured by a specific radioreceptor assay using luteal
      membranes as source of receptors and [125I]iodo-ovine(o)PRL as a tracer. In the
      static incubation, no proof of hormone production was obtained; levels of
      decidual luteotropin in medium and tissue or cells at the end of the incubation
      were similar to levels found in either cells or tissue before incubation. In
      sharp contrast, decidual cells perifused with media secreted large amounts of
      hormone. This may suggest that an inhibitor of decidual luteotropin production
      was being removed from the culture by the perifusion. For the first 4 h of
      perifusion, no hormone was produced. However by the fifth hour, cells began to
      actively release decidual luteotropin. Secretion of the hormone increased with
      time and reached maximal values between 7-15 h of perifusion. During the 15 h of
      perifusion, decidual cells released approximately 1000 times more decidual
      luteotropin than the amount they originally contained. A dose-response increase
      in hormone secretion was obtained with increased concentrations of decidual
      cells. The net amount of decidual luteotropin released into the medium over an 18
      h period was approximately 6.5 micrograms/30 X 10(6) cells, 3.5 micrograms/10 X
      10(6) cells, and 0.5 micrograms/2 X 10(6) cells. A similar profile of decidual
      luteotropin release was obtained when decidual explants were perifused. However,
      in contrast to decidual cells which secreted no hormone for the first 4 h of
      culture, decidual explants immediately began to release decidual luteotropin in
      the medium. The secretion of decidual luteotropin in vitro was inhibited 75% by
      the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide. In summary, results of this
      investigation demonstrate for the first time that rat decidual cells secrete in
      vitro a PRL-like hormone, decidual luteotropin.

PMID- 3698912
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies recognizing the nuclear binding sites of the avian oviduct
      progesterone receptor.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies which block the binding of the avian oviduct progesterone
      receptor (PR) to nuclear acceptor sites have been prepared. We have previously
      shown that such acceptor sites consist of complexes of specific nonhistone
      proteins and DNA. The antigen was a reconstituted, enriched nuclear site for
      avian oviduct PR formed by reannealing a partially purified acceptor protein to
      pure hen DNA to reconstitute native-like acceptor sites. These reconstituted
      acceptor sites were then partially digested with deoxyribonuclease I and injected
      into BALB/c mice. The spleen cells were fused with NS-1 mouse myeloma cells.
      Hybridomas were then grown and tested for the ability of their culture media to
      1) inhibit PR binding to avian oviduct nucleoacidic protein (NAP) which contains
      the native-like acceptor sites, but 2) to not inhibit PR binding to pure hen DNA.
      Three hybridoma clones produced ascites fluids which inhibited PR binding to
      intact oviduct chromatin and NAP but not to pure hen DNA. Control ascites fluids,
      prepared against other protein antigens, showed no inhibition of PR binding. The
      three positive ascites fluids contained low concentrations of immunoglobulin (0.3
      0.5 mg/ml). The antibodies did not affect the stability of the receptor and did
      not interact with PR when analyzed by sucrose density gradient sedimentation.
      Direct binding of the antibodies to the NAP is shown by an enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay. The monoclonal antibodies display a partial species
      specificity with regard to the source of NAP in that PR binding to hen oviduct
      NAP was inhibited by greater than 90%, while PR binding to human uterine NAP was
      inhibited less than 40% by the antibodies. Further characterization of these
      candidate antiacceptor site monoclonal antibodies with regard to tissue, species,
      and steroid receptor specificities are underway.

PMID- 3698913
TI  - Purification and characterization of a peptidyl glycine monooxygenase from
      porcine pituitary.
AB  - A peptide alpha-amidating enzyme was purified to apparent homogeneity from
      porcine pituitary. This enzyme is a glycoprotein with a mol wt of 64,000, a metal
      prosthetic group, and a dependence upon ascorbate and molecular oxygen. The
      purified enzyme has a strong preference for peptides ending in glycine. It also
      catalyzes the oxidation of valylglycine bonds more rapidly than prolylglycine
      bonds, and demonstrates a primary isotope effect greater than 5 when the alpha
      hydrogens of glycine are replaced by deuterium. Kinetic analysis is consistent
      with a ping-pong or double displacement catalytic mechanism in which both the
      peptide substrate and ascorbate are competitive inhibitors with respect to each
      other. With respect to its kinetic properties, catalytic mechanism, and cofactor
      requirements, the purified amidating enzyme is very similar to dopamine beta
      hydroxylase, a finding which supports the previous suggestion that the peptide
      alpha-amidating enzyme be classified as a peptidyl glycine monooxygenase.

PMID- 3698914
TI  - Dissimilarities between the uterine estrogen receptor in cytosol of castrated and
      estradiol-treated rats.
AB  - The estrogen receptor (ER) in its native state appears oligomeric and can be
      dissociated by salt into a monomer with a mol wt of 50,000-80,000. Lower
      molecular weight fragments have also been observed but are considered to result
      from ER proteolysis by tissue proteases. Three-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats have
      been studied after castration, estradiol treatment (3 days at 25 micrograms/day),
      or during the normal estrus cycle. The uterine cytosol was labeled with
      [3H]estradiol, and the [3H]estradiol-receptor complexes were studied by sucrose
      gradient centrifugation, gel filtration, diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-Trisacryl and
      phosphocellulose chromatography, and kinetic experiments. In low salt buffer in
      presence of molybdate (20 mM), uterine ER of castrated and treated rats could not
      be differentiated by sucrose gradient centrifugation (9.9S), gel filtration (7.7
      nm), or DEAE-Trisacryl and phosphocellulose chromatography, but the dissociation
      rate at 23 C was lower for castrated than for treated rats (t1/2 = 45 and 27 min,
      respectively). In high salt buffer (0.4 M KCl) in presence of molybdate (20 mM),
      no difference was apparent by sucrose gradient centrifugation (3.7S) or gel
      filtration (3.4 nm), but again the dissociation rate at 23 C was lower for
      castrated than for treated rats (t1/2 = 102 and 45 min, respectively). In high
      salt buffer in presence of molybdate and ammonium thiocyanate (0.5 M),
      differences were observed by sucrose gradient centrifugation (3.6 and 3.2S), gel
      filtration (3.2 and 2.6 nm), and dissociation rate assays at 10 C (t1/2 = 24 and
      12 min) for castrated and treated rats. The calculated wts were 50,000 and
      35,000, respectively. Protection from limited proteolysis by molybdate, contained
      in all buffers used, plus various protease inhibitors, particularly leupeptin, as
      well as mixing tissues before homogenization, suggested that the 35,000-dalton
      monomer was not a product of protease action formed after cell breakage. ERs
      covalently labeled with [3H]tamoxifen aziridine also showed different entities of
      62,000 and 47,000 mol wts, respectively, on denaturing polyacrylamide gels. In
      vitro activation and transformation were demonstrated for the two types of
      [3H]estradiol-receptor complexes by sucrose gradient centrifugation analysis and
      affinity for phosphocellulose and purified nuclei. Finally, it has been shown
      that both entities coexisted in different proportions during the diestrous (1:2)
      and proestrous (1:1) phases of the estrus cycle; only the low mol wt component
      was present during the estrous phase.

PMID- 3698915
TI  - In vivo formation of diiodotyrosine by extrathyroidal thyroxine ether-link
      cleavage and effects of mononitrotyrosine on this pathway in the rat.
AB  - The formation of DIT from T4 was quantitatively studied in thyroidectomized (T)
      rats given 16 micrograms synthetic T4 daily. Measurement of the elimination of
      radioiodinated DIT and T4 tracers from serum yielded MCRs of 19.0 ml/h X 100 g
      body weight for DIT and 0.65 ml/h X 100 g body weight for T4. Mean serum
      concentrations +/- SD (nanomoles per liter; n = 8) measured by RIA 24 and 48 h
      after the last T4 administration were as follows: DIT, 0.243 +/- 0.130 and 0.150
      +/- 0.070, respectively; T4, 173 +/- 34 and 97 +/- 20, respectively. In T rats
      which had not received T4, DIT and iodothyronines in serum were undetectable.
      From the results of kinetic studies and RIA measurements, the fraction of
      circulating T4 converted to DIT was calculated to be 3.9-4.3%. After
      administration of the iodotyrosine inhibitor 3-nitro-L-tyrosine (MNT) to T4
      treated T rats at a dosage of 50 mumol/day for 1 week or longer, it was possible
      to observe, on the one hand, the expected delay of DIT tracer elimination from
      serum resulting in a decreased MCR of 9.9 ml/h X 100 g body weight. On the other
      hand, MNT treatment led to a strong decline of DIT serum levels below the
      detection limit in all animal groups. This effect of MNT on the peripheral T4-to
      DIT conversion requires further studies using other experimental systems for
      confirmation and elucidation of its mechanism. It is concluded that peripheral
      DIT formation in the animal model used occurs via ether-link cleavage of
      administered T4 and/or some of its iodothyronine metabolites. On the basis of
      data from recent studies, the peripheral DIT turnover resulting from
      iodothyronine degradation can be estimated to be about 35% in intact rats. Our
      data confirm the in vivo generation of extrathyroidal DIT from T4 in the rat.
      Although the experiments were performed at unphysiologically high T4 serum levels
      and our quantitative data, therefore, cannot be applied to euthyroid conditions
      with absolute certainty, the results suggest that ether-link cleavage of T4
      yielding DIT is not an insignificant pathway of peripheral T4 metabolism in the
      rat.

PMID- 3698916
TI  - Processing of angiotensin II (A-II) and (Sar1,Ala8)A-II by cultured bovine
      adrenocortical cells.
AB  - Bovine adrenocortical cells, cultured in a chemically defined medium, were used
      to study the fate of [125I] iodoangiotensin II ([125I]iodo-A-II) and its
      antagonist (Sar1,Ala8)A-II ([125I]iodo-Saralasin). The binding of both ligands
      was time and temperature dependent. The maximum specific binding at 37 C, which
      was reached within 1 h, was followed by a decline with a half-life of about 2 h
      and 8 h for [125I]iodo-A-II and [125I]iodo-Saralasin, respectively. The decrease
      of the specific binding was parallel to the appearance in the medium of degraded
      ligand. At 4 C, the binding of [125I]iodo-A-II was stable for 12 h and no
      degradation of ligand occurred. Under several experimental conditions, about 70%
      of the total [125I]iodo-A-II bound was internalized, whereas, in the case of
      [125I]iodo-Saralasin, less than 25% of the total bound ligand was internalized.
      These differences in the binding kinetics between A-II and its antagonist were
      mainly the differences in the rate of internalization of the bound ligands, more
      rapid for [125I]iodo-A-II (t1/2 approximately equal to 10 min) than for
      [125I]iodo-Saralasin (t1/2 = 90 min). On the other hand, the rate of degradation
      of internalized ligand was similar for both ligands (t1/2 = 15 min). Ionophore
      monensin enhanced the total cellular uptake of both ligands by increasing the
      amount of internalized ligands. Monensin did not modify the rate of
      internalization of the two ligands but markedly decreased their rate of
      degradation (t1/2 approximately equal to 60 min). These results indicate that
      both A-II and its antagonist are internalized and degraded by adrenocortical
      cells, but the rate of internalization of the antagonist is lower than that of
      the agonist. They also show that receptor-mediated endocytosis is the main
      pathway by which A-II is rapidly degraded by adrenocortical cells. Since A-II
      receptors are present in many tissues, the receptor-mediated degradation could
      explain the very short half-life in plasma of this hormone.

PMID- 3698917
TI  - Modulation of the primary and secondary antifluoresceyl antibody response in rats
      by 17 beta-estradiol.
AB  - Estradiol (E2) enhances humoral immunity, but the quantitative and temporal
      relationship between serum E2 and antibody titers is unclear. The present study
      was therefore designed to determine whether the sex of the animal, ovariectomy
      (OVX), and replacement with various tonic levels of serum E2 influenced the
      primary and secondary antifluorescein antibody titers of rats. Two experiments
      were performed. In Exp I, intact male and intact female Lewis inbred rats were
      given primary and booster (secondary) immunizations with fluorescein-keyhole
      limpet hemocyanin. Primary and secondary bleedings for antifluorescein antisera
      were obtained. In Exp II female Lewis inbred rats were randomly distributed among
      the following treatment groups: sham OVX, sham implanted; OVX, sham implanted;
      and three groups of OVX and implanted with E2-filled Silastic capsules of 0.5,
      1.5, or 5.0 cm lengths. Immunization with fluorescein-keyhole limpet hemocyanin
      and bleedings for antifluorescein antisera followed the same schedule as in Exp
      I. In Exp I, females had significantly higher antifluorescein antibody titers
      than males during the primary and secondary response. In Exp II, OVX
      significantly depressed the primary and secondary antifluorescein antibody titers
      relative to sham OVX controls. During the primary antifluorescein antibody
      response, a significant quadratic relationship was seen between antibody titers
      and serum E2 when measurements included the pharmacological range of the serum E2
      concentrations. A significant linear relationship existed between serum E2 and
      antifluorescein antibody titers when the same data were examined over a range of
      15-130 pg E2/ml. This linear relationship is more significant during the primary
      response than the secondary response. It is concluded that females generate
      higher antifluorescein antibody titers than males; OVX significantly depresses
      the antifluorescein antibody response; E2 is immunoenhancing in the physiological
      range and immunosuppressive in the pharmacological range; and the presence of E2
      during the primary response may be more critical to immunoenhancement.

PMID- 3698918
TI  - Evidence that a decrease in opioid tone may evoke preovulatory luteinizing
      hormone release in the rat.
AB  - We have assessed the effects on LH release of prolonged naloxone (NAL) treatment
      before the critical period on proestrus. When LH secretion was monitored at 5-min
      intervals immediately after the start of continuous NAL infusion (2 mg/0.6 ml
      saline X h iv) at 1000 h, two types of responses were observed. In three of six
      rats, a small increase (1-2 ng rat LHRH-2/ml) during the first hour was followed
      by a sharp rise to 4-5 ng/ml in the second hour and a gradual return to baseline
      levels (0.5-1.00 ng/ml) in the third hour of infusion. In the remaining rats, LH
      responses were small with peak levels reaching 2 ng/ml range. When the effects
      were monitored 1 h after starting NAL infusion at 1000 h, the LH response was
      improved. Peak LH levels observed shortly before or after 1200 h varied between 4
      14 ng/ml and in some rats the levels were comparable to those seen normally in
      the afternoon of proestrus (9-24 ng/ml). However, delaying the start of NAL
      infusion to 1200 h produced LH surges before 1400 h, with peak levels (27.5 +/-
      5.5 ng/ml) in the range of normal preovulatory LH surges (peak levels 16.6 +/-
      2.5 ng/ml), followed by a steady decrease in LH secretion. Additionally, sc NAL
      pellets implanted at 0930 h provoked premature LH hypersecretion with a temporal
      pattern (0930-1430 h) and magnitude (peak levels, 26.3 +/- 4.3 ng/ml between 1100
      1200 h) comparable to the normal preovulatory LH surge observed after 1330 h.
      Since NAL is believed to antagonize the inhibitory effects of endogenous opioids
      on LH secretion, the results of this study imply that a sustained restraint on
      this inhibitory opioid tone can elicit the LH surge before the critical period on
      proestrus. These findings are in accord with our thesis that the neural clock
      that normally triggers the preovulatory LH surge may transiently decrease the
      inhibitory opioid tone to allow expression of crucial neural events which
      culminate in preovulatory LH secretion.

PMID- 3698919
TI  - Estrogen regulation of protein synthesis in the immature rat uterus: the analysis
      of proteins released into the medium during in vitro incubation.
AB  - Immature rats were treated with estradiol (E2) or other steroids before their
      uteri were removed and incubated under in vitro conditions in the presence of
      [35S]methionine. The analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis of the radiolabeled proteins synthesized and released into the
      incubation medium demonstrate that E2 regulates the appearance of two proteins.
      These two proteins have mol wt of 115,000 and 65,000. The concentration of
      proteins in the medium increases linearly with time, suggesting that they may be
      secreted. These two proteins were not produced by several other tissues in
      response to E2 and appear to be specific to the uterus. They also appear to be
      increased only by estrogens (E2 greater than estrone greater than estriol) and
      not by other steroids tested. They are increased in response to a single
      injection within 6 h, and the maximal concentration of proteins occurs
      approximately 24 h after E2 administration. The protein concentrations have
      essentially returned to control values by 72 h after hormone injection. The
      kinetics of the induction is the same for both proteins, suggesting that their
      increase may be coordinated. Based on the tissue and hormone specificity of the
      increase in the 115,000- and the 65,000-dalton proteins, they may serve as
      reliable markers for the study of the uterine response to E2.

PMID- 3698920
TI  - Progesterone receptor replenishment during sustained progesterone treatment in
      the hamster uterus.
AB  - Previous studies have demonstrated that uterine progesterone (P) receptor is
      under dual hormonal control; estradiol (E2) induces the synthesis of cytosolic P
      receptor, and P induces the loss of its own receptor and antagonizes E2-induced P
      receptor replenishment. The objective of this study was to examine the
      contributions of E2 and P in the replenishment of uterine P receptor during
      sustained P exposure. Silastic implants of varying length (0.4, 0.8, 1.5, 2.5,
      and 5.0 cm) were packed with crystalline P and placed sc in the flank region of
      ovariectomized adult female hamsters. The serum P levels obtained with these
      implants (2-22 ng/ml) were within the physiological range observed previously
      during the estrous cycle, pregnancy, and lactation in the Syrian hamster. Control
      animals received a blank implant (1.5 cm). Three, 5, and 7 days after placement
      of the implants, uterine cytosolic and nuclear P receptor levels were decreased
      as serum P level was increased by the P implants. Total cellular P receptor level
      was inversely correlated with serum P level at 3 days (r = -0.996), 5 days (r = 
      0.98), and 7 days (r = -0.99). To distinguish the effect of E2 and P,
      ovariectomized animals were maintained on Silastic implants of P (1.5 cm) or P
      plus E2 (1.0 cm). After 3 days, cytosolic P receptor was determined 0, 8, 16, 24,
      and 48 h after removal of P implants. No difference was observed in cytosolic P
      receptor between P and P plus E2 groups before P withdrawal. E2-maintained
      animals showed a significant rise of cytosolic P receptor at all time points
      after P withdrawal. Although P withdrawal in the absence of E2 showed no
      significant change in P receptor at 8 or 16 h, a significant increase in P
      receptor (equivalent to that of ovariectomized control animals) was observed at
      24 and 48 h. Treatment of ovariectomized animals with cycloheximide significantly
      reduced uterine cytosolic P receptor levels 8, 18, and 24 h after treatment.
      These results suggest that 1) an active receptor replenishment process occurs in
      the absence of E2; 2) this replenishment process does not appear to be P
      dependent, but, rather, constitutively expressed; and 3) the rate of constitutive
      P receptor replenishment is slower and of lower magnitude than that promoted by
      E2. Because P antagonizes E2-induced P receptor, a constitutive P receptor
      replenishment mechanism may play an important role in the maintenance of P action
      during sustained P exposure, such as in pregnancy.

PMID- 3698921
TI  - Cholecystographic agents and sulfobromophthalein inhibit the binding of L
      thyroxine to plasma membranes of rat hepatocytes.
AB  - Cholecystographic agents and sulfobromophthalein (BSP) cause a major discharge of
      labeled T4 from the liver in man in vivo. In the present study we sought to
      determine if this discharge is partially due to inhibition of T4 binding to
      plasma membrane sites. Plasma membranes were isolated from hepatocytes of female
      Sprague-Dawley rats, and 5'-nucleotidase levels were measured to demonstrate
      plasma membrane viability. Specific binding of T4 (Ka, 1.01 X 10(8) M) was
      confirmed by displacement of labeled T4 by unlabeled hormone (10(-10)-10(-5) M).
      Displacement of labeled hormone was also produced by addition of tyropanoate,
      iopanoate, ipodate, or BSP. At 5-mM concentrations of inhibitor, the Ka for T4
      declined to 4.00 X 10(7) M with BSP, 5.07 X 10(7) M with ipodate, 5.62 X 10(7) M
      with tyropanoate, and 7.43 X 10(7) M with iopanoate. Thus, a portion of the
      discharge of hepatic T4 after administration of these agents may be due to
      competitive inhibition of binding to plasma membrane sites.

PMID- 3698922
TI  - A reevaluation of the mineralocorticoid and hypertensinogenic potential of 19
      hydroxyandrostenedione.
AB  - Experiments were done to evaluate whether 19-hydroxyandrostenedione (19-OH-A) is
      a steroid which produces hypertension and amplifies the mineralocorticoid effects
      of aldosterone. No intrinsic mineralocorticoid or adosterone-amplifying effect
      was found in several bioassays using adrenalectomized rats at doses of 100
      micrograms 19-OH-A and/or 0.1 microgram aldosterone or in assays in which urine
      electrolytes were measured daily during a 14-day continuous infusion of 100
      micrograms/day 19-OH-A. In two different experiments, the twice weekly
      administration of 0.1-1 mg 19-OH-A in oil to intact rats' drinking water failed
      to produce a change in blood pressure after 6 weeks. When one kidney was removed
      from these rats and 0.9% saline was substituted for drinking water, the blood
      pressures of rats receiving 1 mg twice weekly of 19-OH-A became significantly
      elevated in only one of the two experiments. At the end of 10 weeks, the average
      19-OH-A pressure (139 mmHg) was significantly (P less than 0.01) greater than
      average control pressure (114 mmHg), but significantly (P less than 0.01) less
      than the mean average pressure of rats receiving 5 mg deoxycorticosterone acetate
      (DOCA) (161 mmHg). In another experiment uninephrectomized rats received 0.5 mg
      19-OH-A or 1 mg DOCA 3 times a week. After 5 weeks the pressure of those
      receiving 19-OH-A was 149 mmHg, significantly greater (P less than 0.01) than
      controls (123 mmHg), but significantly less (P less than 0.01) than that of those
      rats receiving DOCA (189 mmHg). Our data failed to confirm the aldosterone
      amplifying effect of 19-OH-A. We did obtain a small elevation of arterial
      pressure in unilaterally nephrectomized rats receiving saline to drink. The
      differences between our results and those reported for this compound are not
      readily apparent, but may be related to genetic differences within the Sprague
      Dawley strain used in both studies and/or to diet.

PMID- 3698923
TI  - The growth of cultured rabbit articular chondrocytes is stimulated by pituitary
      growth factors but not by purified human growth hormone or ovine prolactin.
AB  - Recent reports describing a direct stimulation by GH of bone and cartilage growth
      led us to compare the in vitro mitogenic effects of highly purified human GH and
      PRL and two pituitary-derived growth factors in rabbit articular chondrocytes.
      These preparations were tested for their ability to promote [3H]thymidine
      incorporation into growth-arrested monolayer chondrocyte cultures and were also
      assayed in cell growth experiments. The factors tested included 22,000-dalton and
      20,000-dalton human GH ovine PRL, glycosylated ovine PRL, bovine pituitary
      fibroblast growth factor (bpFGF), and a partially purified pituitary growth
      factor distinct from bpFGF. We found that no significant mitogenic effect was
      produced by either of the human GH or PRL preparations. Both of the pituitary
      derived growth factors were potent mitogens, with bpFGF active at a final medium
      concentration of 10 pg/ml. These studies support the large body of evidence that
      GH has no significant direct in vitro effect on chondrocyte growth. The very
      potent effects of the pituitary-derived growth factors raise the possibility that
      their presence in GH preparations may be responsible for the in vitro mitogenic
      effects attributed to these preparations.

PMID- 3698924
TI  - Effects of estradiol and progesterone on calcitonin secretion.
AB  - Estrogen therapy has been used to inhibit bone resorption and prevent
      osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Previous studies have disagreed as to
      whether the mechanism of estrogen action involves stimulation of calcitonin (CT)
      secretion. We evaluated the direct effects of 17 beta-estradiol (E2) and
      progesterone (Prog) on CT secretion from the thyroid C cells of 8-day-old rats in
      vitro. Both E2 and Prog caused a significant stimulation of CT secretion within 1
      h, which was progressive for the 3-h observation period. The responses were dose
      related from 10(-7) to 5 X 10(-10) M. There was no CT response to 10(-7) M alpha
      estradiol, estriol, 3-methoxyestriol, estrone, testosterone, or 20 alpha
      hydroxyprogesterone, indicating specificity of the responses to E2 and Prog.
      There was a minimal CT secretory response to 10(-6) M cortisol. The E2 receptor
      antagonist tamoxifen did not inhibit the E2 effect on CT secretion. This
      observation plus the rapid CT response suggest that this hormonal effect may not
      be via the conventional intracellular E2 receptor. Therefore, E2 and Prog can
      stimulate CT secretion by rapid, direct, and specific effects on the thyroid C
      cell. The gonadal hormones may, therefore, be important in inhibiting bone
      resorption via their direct stimulatory effect on CT secretion.

PMID- 3698925
TI  - Hyperglycemic activity in dogs of recombinant DNA-derived 20,000 dalton variant
      of methionyl human growth hormone.
AB  - The recombinant DNA-derived 20,000-dalton variant of N-terminal methionyl human
      growth hormone (20K-Met-hGH) had a hyperglycemic effect in fasted dogs when
      injected 11 hours prior to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). These results
      reported here suggest that 20K-Met-hGH can induce glucose intolerance in dogs
      similar to that produced by recombinant DNA-derived 22,000 dalton N-terminal
      methionyl human growth hormone (22K-Met-hGH) and the normal pituitary-source
      human growth hormone (22K-hGH).

PMID- 3698926
TI  - Protein synthesis in the growing rat lung.
AB  - Developmental control of protein synthesis in the postnatal growth of the lung
      has not been systematically studied. In male Fischer 344 rats, lung growth
      continues linearly as a function of body weight (from 75 to 450 g body weight).
      To study total protein synthesis in lungs of growing rats, we used the technique
      of constant intravenous infusion of tritiated leucine, an essential amino acid.
      Lungs of sacrificed animals were used to determine the leucine incorporation rate
      into newly synthesized protein. The specific radioactivity of the leucine
      associated with tRNA extracted from the same lungs served as an absolute index of
      the precursor leucine pool used for lung protein synthesis. On the basis of these
      measurements, we were able to calculate the fractional synthesis rate (the
      proportion of total protein destroyed and replaced each day) of pulmonary
      proteins for each rat. Under the conditions of isotope infusion, leucyl-tRNA very
      rapidly equilibrates with free leucine of the plasma and of the extracellular
      space of the lung. Infusions lasting 30 minutes or less yielded linear rates of
      protein synthesis without evidence of contamination of lung proteins by newly
      labeled intravascular albumin. The fractional synthesis rate is considerably
      higher in juvenile animals (55% per day) than in adult rats (20% per day). After
      approximately 12 weeks of age, the fractional synthesis rate remains extremely
      constant in spite of continued slow growth of the lung. It is apparent from these
      data that in both young and adult rats the bulk of total protein synthesis is
      devoted to rapidly turning over proteins and that less than 4 percent of newly
      made protein is committed to tissue growth.

PMID- 3698927
TI  - Translocation of particles to the tracheobronchial lymph nodes after lung
      deposition: kinetics and particle-cell relationships.
AB  - One of the pathways for particle clearance from the lung involves the
      translocation of particles from the alveoli to the tracheobronchial lymph nodes.
      Details of the mechanisms involved in this translocation process have not been
      well delineated. In the present study, we: assessed the kinetics of particle
      transfer to the tracheobronchial lymph nodes in the rat over a 30-day period
      following the intrapulmonary deposition of 4 X 10(8), 1.9 micron, fluorescent
      polystyrene microspheres; utilized multiparameter flow cytometric technology to
      quantitatively differentiate between "free" and cell-associated particles that
      accumulated in the lymph nodes; and assessed the role of alveolar macrophages
      (AM) in carrying particles to the lymph nodes by comparing the distributions of
      particles in lavaged AM with distributions of particles found in nodal
      mononuclear phagocytes (NMP). The accumulation of particles, most of which were
      extracellular, in the nodes was biphasic with the most rapid phase occurring
      within the first 24 hr. Over the Day 1-30 period, the numbers of particles in the
      lymph nodes increased linearly to approximately equal to 1.2 X 10(6)
      microspheres, or approximately equal to 0.3% of the originally instilled lung
      burden. The percentages of the nodal particles that were associated with NMP over
      the course of the study were inversely proportional to nodal particulate burdens,
      even though the percentage of cells with engulfed particles increased; the
      percentage of NMP asymptotically approached a maximum value over the range of
      nodal burdens of 6-12 X 10(5) particles. The distributions of the microspheres in
      the NMP were essentially identical on Days 1, 14, and 30. Major differences in
      the distributions of particles in lavaged AM and NMP were not consistent with the
      notion that the latter represented translocated AM.

PMID- 3698928
TI  - Inhibition by oral N-acetylcysteine of cigarette smoke-induced "bronchitis" in
      the rat.
AB  - Specific pathogen-free rats were exposed to the cigarette smoke (CS) of 25
      cigarettes daily for 14 days and concurrently given N-acetylcysteine (Nac) as 1%
      of their drinking water (average daily dose 973 mg/kg). The thickness of the
      epithelium was measured at four airway levels and the numbers of mucus-containing
      secretory cells, stained for neutral or acidic glycoprotein (NGP or AGP
      respectively), were counted in surface epithelium at eight airway levels.
      Cigarette smoke increased the thickness of the epithelium at three of the airway
      levels studied by between 37 and 72%. The number of secretory cells was increased
      at all airway levels distal to the upper trachea by between 102 and 421%.
      Secretory cells containing NGP were reduced in number but this was more than
      offset by a large increase in the number of secretory cells containing AGP at all
      airway levels. N-acetylcysteine inhibited CS-induced epithelial thickening. Nac
      also inhibited the CS-induced increase in the number of secretory cells with AGP,
      but had little effect on the CS-induced reduction in the number of cells with
      NGP. Thus, prophylactic oral N-acetylcysteine led to an overall inhibition of CS
      induced mucous cell hyperplasia and epithelial hypertrophy. The results suggest a
      novel anti-inflammatory action for a drug with known mucolytic effects.

PMID- 3698929
TI  - Inhibition of cigarette smoke-induced airway secretory cell hyperplasia by
      indomethacin, dexamethasone, prednisolone, or hydrocortisone in the rat.
AB  - As the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin has already been shown to
      inhibit cigarette smoke (CS)-induced secretory cell hyperplasia in the airway
      epithelium of the rat, the present study was undertaken to determine the effects
      of prophylactic interaperitoneal injection of indomethacin (4 mg/kg body weight)
      compared with each of three steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs given at comparable
      doses. The results show that dexamethasone (given initially at 4 mg/kg),
      prednisolone (4 mg/kg) and hydrocortisone (4 mg/kg) were also inhibitory.
      Dexamethasone proved to be toxic and its dose had to be reduced to give an
      average dose of 2 mg/kg over the experimental period. Prednisolone and
      hydrocortisone were toxic only when in combination with CS. The order of
      descending effectiveness in inhibiting secretory cell hyperplasia was
      indomethacin, dexamethasone, prednisolone and hydrocortisone. Indomethacin was
      the most effective drug in the trachea, whilst in distal intra-pulmonary airways
      dexamethasone was the most effective. Depending on airway level, inhibition was
      between 69 and 115% of the value obtained after CS alone. The inhibition was
      complete in all but one instance. The results show that steroids also inhibit
      secretory cell hyperplasia but at a comparable dose they are generally less
      effective than indomethacin and may have unacceptable side effects.

PMID- 3698930
TI  - Indomethacin and flurbiprofen speed recovery of rat bronchial epithelium after
      exposure to cigarette smoke.
AB  - The cigarette smoke-induced rat model of chronic bronchitis was used to study the
      time course of the return of cigarette smoke-induced secretory cell hyperplasia
      to the normal and the capacity of two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to
      speed this recovery. Cigarette smoke alone significantly increased (P less than
      0.05) the number of secretory cells in all of the eight airway levels studied to
      between 52-225% above control values. After cessation of exposure, recovery was
      complete by 9 days in the trachea, between 10-21 days in 'proximal'
      intrapulmonary airways and 43-84 days in distal bronchioli. Indomethacin and
      flurbiprofen, given by intraperitoneal injection at 4 mg/kg body weight for 21
      days of the recovery period, significantly reduced the time taken for recovery to
      between 4 and 9 days in intrapulmonary airways but had no effect in the trachea.

PMID- 3698931
TI  - The effect of steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents on granulocyte
      migration into bovine pulmonary artery intimal explants.
AB  - To determine whether steroidal or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents inhibit
      granulocyte migration, we measured granulocyte adherence to and migration across
      the intact endothelial layer of bovine pulmonary artery intimal explants.
      Explants were placed endothelium uppermost in chemotaxis chamber with either
      fetal calf serum (FCS) or zymosan activated plasma (ZAP) in medium 199 in the
      lower well and 5 X 10(6) separated 51Cr labelled granulocytes/ml in medium 199 +
      FCS in the upper well. Methylprednisolone (0.3 and 3.0 mg/ml), indomethacin (5
      and 50 microM) and ibuprofen (10 and 100 microM) were also added to the upper
      well of some chambers. After 30, 60, 120 or 180 minutes of incubation the
      chambers were dismantled. Granulocyte adherence was assessed by rinsing the
      explant in 0.1% trypsin; the number of radioactive counts in the trypsin wash
      represented the number of adherent cells. Those remaining in the explant
      represented the number of granulocytes that migrated into the explant. At each
      time studied, chemotaxin-induced granulocyte migration was 2-3 times that of
      unstimulated or random migration (180 min incubation with FCS = 30.5% +/- S.E.
      2.1; with ZAP in lower well = 61.6 +/- 3.4). Both unstimulated and chemotaxin
      induced migration was significantly decreased from 30 minutes by 3.0 mg/ml of
      methylprednisolone (180 min incubation with ZAP in lower well = 22.3 +/- 5.8),
      but not by 0.3 mg/ml. However, one hour pretreatment of either the granulocytes
      or the explant with 3.0 mg/ml methylprednisolone had no significant effect on
      granulocyte migration. In contrast, granulocyte migration was unaltered by
      treatment with either indomethacin or ibuprofen. Methylprednisolone, indomethacin
      and ibuprofen had little effect on granulocyte adherence. We conclude that
      granulocyte migration across an intact endothelial layer is inhibited by high
      dose corticosteroids but not by cyclooxygenase inhibitors. This suggests a
      plausible rationale for use of high doses of corticosteroids in clinical states
      where granulocytes may mediate tissue injury.

PMID- 3698932
TI  - Synchrony between cortical neurons in normal and epileptogenic cortex of monkey.
AB  - A series of experiments was carried out to test the hypothesis that epileptogenic
      cortex contains a higher degree of synchrony between neurons than does
      nonepileptogenic cortex. Four hundred pairs of neurons were recorded
      extracellularly from precentral cortex of four normal and four epileptic monkeys.
      For each 5 min of recording, a cross-correlation and coefficient of synchrony
      were calculated for each pair of neurons. Although there was some degree of
      synchrony between neurons, there was no apparent increase in synchronous firing
      within the epileptogenic focus.

PMID- 3698933
TI  - Features of seizures and behavioral changes induced by intrahippocampal injection
      of zinc sulfate in the rabbit: a new experimental model of epilepsy.
AB  - Seizure produced by intrahippocampal injection of zinc sulfate in rabbits is a
      new chronic model of experimental epilepsy. In this model, the clinical
      manifestations are easily observed and are expressed not only as partial clonic
      seizures, but also by secondary generalized seizures. The electrohippocampalogram
      (EHG) and electrocorticogram (ECoG) discharges change correspondingly during both
      types of seizures, and last for weeks. The mechanism for induced seizures may be
      partly related to the inhibitory effect of zinc sulfate injections on the
      acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity in the hippocampus. The commonly used
      antiepileptic drugs, such as phenobarbital and phenytoin, afforded protection
      against the zinc-induced secondary generalized clonic seizures and alleviated the
      partial clonic seizures but had no influence on the EHG- and ECoG-monitored
      periodic bursts of spike discharges. Nitrazepam was found to antagonize both
      types of seizures and also transiently restored the EHG and ECoG to normal. D
      penicillamine, a metal chelator, may be the most effective agent for the
      treatment of zinc-induced seizures; the agent, in addition to affording
      protection against both types of seizures, also caused the periodic burst spike
      discharges in EHG and ECoG to disappear.

PMID- 3698934
TI  - Differential conditioning of environmental cues with amygdala kindling.
AB  - Recent evidence suggests that the pairing of environmental cues with kindling
      stimulation can affect the rate at which seizures develop. In the present study,
      the effect of differential conditioning was evaluated. Rats were kindled in
      either a black box or a highly illuminated white box. Half of the subjects in
      each of these groups (discrimination groups) was placed in the opposite box on
      separate days without receiving kindling stimulation. The remaining subjects
      (control groups) were placed only in the box in which they received stimulation.
      Subjects kindled in the white box developed stage 5 (clonic) seizures
      significantly faster than those kindled in the black box. Those subjects that
      received discrimination training with the white box positive kindled faster than
      all other groups. However, after reaching stage 5, both discrimination groups,
      regardless of which box was positive, had significantly shorter afterdischarge
      (AD) durations during threshold testing as compared with the control groups.
      Seizure thresholds did not differ for the different groups. No evidence for
      conditioned seizures was found. The results were discussed in terms of the
      potential facilitory and inhibitory effects of environmental cues on seizures.

PMID- 3698935
TI  - Job stability and family counseling.
AB  - The object of this study is to investigate the possible stabilizing effect of
      family counseling as a variable in (a) length of time spent on the job, (b)
      reported client satisfaction from the employer, and (c) client self-assessment
      through the Washington Psychosocial Seizure Inventory (WPSI). Results indicate a
      significant strength accomplished through family work with families in which one
      of the members suffers from a diagnosed seizure disorder.

PMID- 3698936
TI  - The difficult-to-employ in epilepsy rehabilitation: predictions of response to an
      intensive intervention.
AB  - In this prospective study, 46 adult seizure outpatients with suspected brain
      impairment were referred for vocational services at the University of Washington
      Regional Epilepsy Center and counseled for job placement. Among the demographic,
      intellectual, neuropsychological, and psychosocial variables considered, the
      Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) Digit Symbol subtest and the name
      writing procedure from the neuropsychological battery by Dodrill (1978) were the
      best discriminators of later employability. Using discriminant function analysis,
      these two tests correctly classified 75.0% of the group which ultimately became
      employed (n = 22) and 73.9% of the group which did not attain employment (n =
      26). Implications of these findings are discussed in relation to rehabilitation
      planning.

PMID- 3698937
TI  - Acute effects of lamotrigine (BW430C) in persons with epilepsy.
AB  - Sixteen epileptic patients took single doses of lamotrigine, 120 mg or 240 mg.
      Six photosensitive patients showed reduction (with abolition in two) in
      photosensitivity after lamotrigine administration. Five subjects with frequent
      interictal spikes showed reduction in spike frequency over 24 h after lamotrigine
      administration. The half-life (t1/2) of lamotrigine in subjects taking sodium
      valproate was prolonged, whereas the t1/2 in subjects taking carbamazepine and/or
      phenytoin was reduced. The area under the curve of co-medication plasma levels
      was not affected by a single dose of lamotrigine. Five patients reported mild and
      generally transitory side effects; some of which represented exacerbation of
      preexisting complaints.

PMID- 3698939
TI  - Cerebral arteriovenous malformations and epilepsy: factors in the development of
      epilepsy.
AB  - Sixty-one patients of a population of 343 with cerebral arteriovenous
      malformations (AVMs) were diagnosed with seizures. Their AVMs were larger (p less
      than 0.02) and more frequently superficial (p less than 0.05) as compared with
      the AVMs of patients who were diagnosed with haemorrhage. The factors influencing
      the development of denovo seizures in patients with diagnosed AVMs were surgical
      treatment, a presentation with haemorrhage, and age at diagnosis.

PMID- 3698938
TI  - Purine seizure disorders.
AB  - Developing antiepileptic agents that are specifically tailored to a patient's
      individual biochemistry has long been a goal of neurology. Three patients who had
      hyperuricosuria combined with a seizure disorder that failed to respond to
      traditional anticonvulsants are described. The patients had the best control of
      their seizure disorder when a specific metabolic drug, allopurinol, was used as
      an anticonvulsant. All three patients had onset of the seizure disorder at 22
      months of age, a finding possibly related to maturation of purine enzymes.
      Because elevated uric acid levels in the immediate postictal period may occur in
      seizure patients, the presence of an elevated uric acid clearance in seizure-free
      periods is needed to consider the diagnosis of an allopurinol-responsive seizure
      problem in any individual patient. In the two patients past the onset of puberty,
      lowering (one case) and cessation (other case) of the dose of allopurinol has
      been possible.

PMID- 3698940
TI  - Nonconvulsive status epilepticus: high incidence of complex partial status.
AB  - Nonconvulsive status epilepticus may be subdivided into generalized (absence)
      status and complex partial status. The latter is regarded as a rarity, whereas
      the former constitutes the dominant part of the hitherto reported cases. We
      report 10 consecutive cases of adult patients with nonconvulsive status
      epilepticus, all documented by ictal electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings.
      Five had a complex partial status; the origin of the complex partial status
      appeared to be frontal in four of these patients. Three had recurrent complex
      partial seizures with incomplete recovery between seizures, and two had more
      continuous symptoms. One of the latter exhibited neither motor phenomena nor
      automatisms. The effect of diazepam or clonazepam was immediate in all 10 cases
      though transient in eight. A lasting control of the status was not achieved in
      six patients until i.v. phenytoin was added. The difficulties in the
      differentiation between complex partial status and absence status despite ictal
      EEG recordings are discussed, illustrated by a case with seizure discharges of a
      focal onset which rapidly generalized. The study indicates that complex partial
      status may be more common and the clinical expressions of absence status more
      variable than hitherto recognized.

PMID- 3698941
TI  - Status epilepticus manifesting as reversible Wernicke's aphasia.
AB  - Ictal aphasia in adults is a rare phenomenon, with the majority of reported cases
      showing a nonfluent Broca's or mixed aphasic speech pattern associated with
      disturbances of level of consciousness. There is usually only one prolonged
      episode of aphasia with evidence of lateralized neurological findings and
      structural pathology on CAT scan. We describe a patient with intermittent
      episodes over a 10-year period of a fluent Wernicke's aphasia associated with
      paroxysmal posterior temporoparietal spike-wave activity on the EEG.
      Interictally, the patient was clear of neurologic signs and symptoms. These
      episodes were repeatedly misdiagnosed as psychotic breaks and treated with
      antipsychotic medication and psychiatric hospitalization. Unless language
      performance is assessed, these cases of focal epilepsy may be diagnosed as
      schizophrenic "word-salad," leading to delay of appropriate treatment.

PMID- 3698942
TI  - Statistical analyses for in vitro cytogenetic assays using Chinese hamster ovary
      cells.
AB  - It is a widely held view that objective statistical criteria are needed for the
      evaluation of genetic toxicity assays. This paper presents statistical methods
      for the analysis of data from in vitro sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and
      chromosome aberration tests that use Chinese hamster ovary cells. For SCEs, an
      extensive study of solvent control results demonstrated that there is a
      substantial interday component of variability in the data, and that a Poisson
      sampling model is applicable to data generated via the protocol of Galloway et al
      [1985]. Consequently, a trend test for evidence of a dose response is proposed
      for such SCE data. As an illustration of this statistical method, analysis of
      data previously considered to be negative [Gulati et al, 1985] indicates that
      di(2-ethyl-hexyl) phthalate induces a weak, but reproducible, SCE dose response
      in CHO cells. Monte Carlo methods are used to show that the trend test is more
      sensitive than four other statistical procedures considered for the analysis of
      Poisson-distributed SCEs. A similar trend test for dose response in proportions
      is proposed for chromosome aberration data, where the percent of cells with
      chromosome aberrations is the response of interest. Sensitivity (or power)
      studies indicate that three doses and a control with 50 cells/dose point is a
      reasonable design for an in vitro SCE study that uses the Galloway et al
      protocol. For in vitro chromosome aberrations, however, three doses and a control
      with 100 cells/dose point appears to produce too insensitive an assay; an
      increase to 200 cells/dose point in the Galloway et al protocol seems worthy of
      serious consideration.

PMID- 3698943
TI  - Comparison of multiple parameters of rodent carcinogenicity and in vitro genetic
      toxicity.
AB  - The relationship between chemically induced patterns of tumorigenesis in rodents
      and of in vitro genetic toxicity was evaluated for 73 substances. tumorigenicity
      patterns were defined according to sex and species effects, the induction of
      common or uncommon tumors, and benign or malignant tumors. These results and the
      genetic toxicity results derived from the testing of chemicals under code were
      compared. Chemicals that induced tumors in both sexes of both rodent species
      (trans-sex/species carcinogens) were divided into those that showed multiple
      responses in genetic toxicity assays and those that showed little or no response.
      Some of the nongenotoxic trans-sex/species carcinogens exhibit properties that do
      not necessarily fit classification as only tumor promoters and may involve some
      other mode(s) of action. Those chemicals showing tumorigenicity in only one of
      the four groups exposed (uni-sex/species carcinogens) generally showed little or
      no response in genetic toxicity assays. Uni-sex/species carcinogens may be
      difficult to identify by in vitro assays because of their high tissue
      specificity. Chemicals that are tumorigenic in both sexes of both species are
      logically more likely to be tumorigenic in a third species than are those that
      are tumorigenic in only one sex of the exposed species. Therefore, while positive
      genetic toxicity test results are not predictive of all carcinogens, a consistent
      positive response among the multiple endpoints in these assays is more likely to
      identify chemicals with the potential for trans-sex/species carcinogenesis. Such
      trans-sex/species carcinogens may have the most direct implication for human
      health effects.

PMID- 3698944
TI  - A comparison of mutagenic and embryotoxic effects of cyclophosphamide on the
      chick embryo.
AB  - The cytogenetic and embryotoxic effects of cyclophosphamide (CP) after injection
      on day 3 of single doses ranging from 0.1 to 30 micrograms were investigated in
      the chick embryo. The occurrence of embryotoxicity was checked on incubation day
      8; clastogenic effects as well as mitotic indices were evaluated in primitive
      blood cells 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 hr after the administration of CP. Teratogenic
      doses of CP induced high percentages of aberrant cells with many unstable
      aberrations. Mitotic activity appeared to be inhibited at the early collection
      intervals. Nonembryotoxic doses of CP also increased the incidence of aberrant
      cells without any substantial effect upon mitotic activity. Although the
      clastogenic effects of CP occur at lower doses than the teratogenic effects, the
      thresholds for both effects lie in the lower part of the embryotoxicity dose
      range, as estimated by the Chick Embryotoxicity Screening Test (CHEST).

PMID- 3698945
TI  - Chromosome aberrations in mouse bone marrow cells following treatment in vivo
      with vinblastine and Colcemid.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to determine if chemicals that are capable of
      inducing mitotic arrest and aneuploidy can also induce chromosomal breakage. Two
      chemicals, vinblastine and Colcemid, were selected to be studied. Their
      potentially clastogenic effects were investigated in mouse bone marrow cells in
      vivo. Two doses of vinblastine, 10(-5) M (9 mg/kg) and 10(-6) M (0.9 mg/kg), and
      one dose of Colcemid 10(-4) M (37 mg/kg), were administered to mice as single
      intraperitoneal injections. Bone marrow preparations were made at multiple time
      periods after injections, ie, 17, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr. Both these agents, at
      the concentrations tested, induced mitotic arrest of bone marrow cells within 5
      hr after injection. In recovering bone marrow cell populations, 2-3 days after
      drug administration, significantly elevated levels of chromosomal breakage
      (mainly the chromatid type) were observed. Vinblastine was found to be much more
      potent than Colcemid. Since both of these agents affect mainly microtubules,
      their actions to cause chromosomal breakage are likely to be indirect. Several
      possible clastogenic mechanisms such as interference with DNA synthesis, active
      metabolites, and cytoplasmic endonucleases are discussed.

PMID- 3698946
TI  - Radiographic anatomy of tendon sheaths and bursae in the horse.
AB  - Contrast radiography was used to determine the position, shape, relationship and
      capacity of a number of tendon sheaths and bursae which have clinical
      significance in the horse. It was possible to establish the normal range of
      radiographic anatomy for these structures. Some variation in the extent and form
      of tendon sheaths were found between individual horses and between foals and
      adults.

PMID- 3698947
TI  - Relationship between spinal biomechanics and pathological changes in the equine
      thoracolumbar spine.
AB  - The relationship between spinal biomechanics and pathological changes occurring
      in functionally normal equine thoracolumbar spines was studied in 23 horses.
      Ventrolateral vertebral body osteophytes occurred in 36 per cent of the spines.
      The majority occurred between the 10th and 17th thoracic vertebrae with the
      largest being found between the 11th and 13th thoracic vertebrae, the region of
      the thoracic spine where the greatest amount of lateral bending and axial
      rotation occurs. Impingement of the dorsal spinous processes was detected in 86
      per cent of the spines with most lesions occurring between the 13th and 18th
      thoracic vertebrae. The severity of occurrence of impingement did not appear to
      be related to regional spinal mobility. Degeneration of intervertebral discs was
      observed in three of four specimens that were sectioned sagittally. It occurred
      in the first thoracic and the lumbosacral intervertebral discs and appeared to be
      related to the increased dorsoventral mobility and the increased disc thickness
      of these joints. The characteristic distribution of fractures of the
      thoracolumbar spine is discussed with respect to the biomechanics of the spine.

PMID- 3698948
TI  - Gentamicin dosage in foals aged one month and three months.
AB  - The absorption and disposition kinetics of gentamicin were compared at two dosage
      levels (2 and 4 mg/kg bodyweight [bwt]) in one- and three-month-old foals.
      Following intramuscular (im) injection of single 2 mg/kg bwt doses, the drug was
      absorbed rapidly and produced peak serum concentration (18.2 mu 5.3 +/- g/ml, n =
      8) at 30 mins. Much wider variations were associated with the amount of drug
      absorbed and the serum gentamicin concentrations after administration at the
      higher dosage level. The half-life of gentamicin was similar in the one-month-old
      (3.7 +/- 1.7 h, n = 8) and three-month-old (3.3 +/- 0.8 h, n = 8) foals, and was
      independent of the dose. One-month-old foals did not appear to have a deficiency
      in renal excretion of gentamicin. The minimum inhibitory concentration of
      gentamicin for Corynebacterium equi and certain other equine bacterial isolates
      was less than 0.195 microgram/ml. It was concluded that 2 mg/kg bwt administered
      by im injection at 8 to 12 h intervals, depending on the severity of the
      infection, could be recommended as the dose rate for treatment of systemic
      infections caused by microorganisms that are susceptible to gentamicin.

PMID- 3698949
TI  - Observations on the population dynamics of five cyathostome nematode species of
      horses in northern USA.
AB  - Monthly variations in the magnitude of adult and larval cyathostome burdens were
      observed in 55 horses necropsied over a 15-month period in the northern USA. Peak
      numbers of adult cyathostomes occurred in late winter (March) and late summer
      (September). Larval cyathostomes demonstrated peak numbers from February to April
      and again in October, beginning one month earlier than the spring adult peak and
      one month after the autumn adult peak, respectively. The reproductive status of
      individual female Cyathostomum catinatum, Cyath coronatum, Cylicocyclus nassatus,
      Cylicostephanus goldi and Cylicostephanus longibursatus was classified as
      immature, gravid or spent. Seasonal changes in these classifications were
      monitored as a marker for the age structure of these populations. Each
      reproductive category of female small strongyle was dominant during only one
      period per year and these periods were similarly distributed for all five species
      examined. Immature cyathostomes were most common from late winter to spring
      (March to May); gravid worms were predominant beginning in spring (April/May) and
      continuing into autumn (October to December). Spent females prevailed from autumn
      through winter (October to March/April).

PMID- 3698950
TI  - Temporary bilateral carotid artery occlusion as an aid to nasal surgery in the
      horse.
AB  - One of the major obstacles to successful intranasal surgery in the horse is
      haemorrhage, even minor interferences causing profuse bleeding. Conventional
      techniques for haemostasis are ineffective or inhibit the progress of the
      surgery. Temporary bilateral occlusion of the common carotid artery resulted in a
      substantial reduction in haemorrhage during intranasal surgery in five horses,
      with much improved visibility and facility of operation. The large contribution
      to the circle of Willis by the ventral spinal artery is believed to prevent
      cerebral ischaemia during this procedure. This paper describes the technique of
      temporary bilateral ligation of the common carotid artery and emphasises the
      importance of ancillary techniques such as packing of the nasal cavity and
      general postoperative management.

PMID- 3698951
TI  - Method of investigation of the accuracy of four digitally-displaying heart rate
      meters suitable for use in the exercising horse.
AB  - The measurement of heart rate during exercise in the horse has been recommended
      as a means of prescribing work effort, monitoring the changes in aerobic capacity
      during training and as part of the clinical examination of the performance horse.
      The accuracy of four heart rate meters (PEH 100, PU 10, HR 14 and HRM-7) was
      assessed by comparison with heart rate determined by simultaneous telemetry
      electrocardiography (ECG) using a rapid incremental exercise test on a treadmill.
      Heart rate displayed by all four meters showed significant correlations with the
      ECG heart rate, but only two meters (PEH 100 and HRM-7) had correlation
      coefficients of 0.98 or greater.

PMID- 3698952
TI  - Four cases of traumatic optic nerve blindness in the horse.
AB  - Traumatic optic nerve atrophy is characterised clinically by a unilateral or
      bilateral sudden onset of blindness. Dilated, fixed pupils and a lack of a menace
      reflex are the only abnormalities noted soon after the trauma. Within three to
      four weeks the optic disc becomes paler and the retinal vasculature is markedly
      decreased. The pathological lesion is a rupture of the nerve axons from
      stretching forces produced by the posterior movement of the brain against the
      fixed canalicular portion of the optic nerves. Medical therapy has not been
      successful.

PMID- 3698953
TI  - Desmitis of the fetlock annular ligament in the horse.
AB  - Desmitis of the fetlock annular ligament was diagnosed in 30 horses during a
      period of eight years. Most of the horses had been lame for a prolonged period
      and had chronically distended digital flexor tendon sheaths. Air tendograms
      demonstrated thickened palmar or plantar annular ligaments. In 25 horses the
      ligament was cut longitudinally; of these, 16 horses returned to full work
      without any difficulty and one became sound after a second operation. Follow up
      time varied from three months to seven-and-a-half years. None of the five
      untreated horses returned to work.

PMID- 3698954
TI  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa mastitis in a dry non-pregnant pony mare.

PMID- 3698955
TI  - Diffuse carcinomatosis involving the meninges of a horse.

PMID- 3698956
TI  - Infectious necrotic hepatitis in a horse.

PMID- 3698957
TI  - Nasal granuloma caused by Pseudallescheria boydii.

PMID- 3698958
TI  - Surgical repair of a ruptured uterus in five mares.

PMID- 3698959
TI  - Clinicians guide to equine laminitis.

PMID- 3698960
TI  - Diabetes mellitus: the tip of the iceberg.

PMID- 3698961
TI  - Equine mastitis: comparative lessons.

PMID- 3698962
TI  - Lameness: diagnosing the site of pain.

PMID- 3698963
TI  - Rationale for the use of influenza vaccines in horses and the importance of
      antigenic drift.

PMID- 3698964
TI  - Sitting posture: an old problem and a new one.

PMID- 3698965
TI  - Mental and physical components of sawmill operatives' workload.

PMID- 3698966
TI  - What attracts attention when driving?

PMID- 3698968
TI  - Evaluation of forces on the lumbo-sacral joint and assessment of work and energy
      transfers in nursing aides lifting patients.

PMID- 3698967
TI  - Gender, alcohol, pacing and incentive effects on an electronics assembly task.

PMID- 3698969
TI  - Time-on-task period for unimpaired tracking performance.

PMID- 3698970
TI  - Energy cost of backpacking in heavy boots.

PMID- 3698971
TI  - The energy cost of women walking and running in shoes and boots.

PMID- 3698972
TI  - Relation between time to falling asleep behind the wheel on a closed track and
      changes in subsidiary reaction time during prolonged driving on a motorway.

PMID- 3698973
TI  - The relation between clothing thickness and cooling during motorcycling.

PMID- 3698974
TI  - Methodological prerequisites for drug utilisation studies.

PMID- 3698975
TI  - Paralytic poliomyelitis in children in Ethiopia: a review of 2604 cases.

PMID- 3698976
TI  - Occurrence of hepatitis B surface antigen in various population groups in
      Ethiopia.

PMID- 3698977
TI  - Ocular response to topical corticosteroids among Ethiopians.

PMID- 3698978
TI  - Ascariasis distribution in Ethiopia.

PMID- 3698979
TI  - Utilisation of traditional medicine among hospital patients in Addis Ababa.

PMID- 3698980
TI  - Trichinosis from wild boar meat in Ethiopia: a case report.

PMID- 3698981
TI  - Galactorrhoea and primary hypothyroidism: report of two cases from Khartoum.

PMID- 3698982
TI  - Sympathetic response to maximal bicycle exercise before and after leg strength
      training.
AB  - Plasma catecholamine concentrations at rest and in response to maximal exercise
      on the cycle ergometer (278 +/- 15 watts, 6 min duration) have been measured on
      seven young active male subjects (19 +/- 1 years old; 80 +/- 3 kg; 176 +/- 3 cm)
      prior to and after a eight week leg strength training program (5RM, squat and leg
      press exercise). Strength training resulted in a significant increase in
      performance on squat (103 +/- 3 to 140 +/- 5 kg) and leg press exercise (180 +/-
      9 to 247 +/- 15 kg) associated with a small significant increase in lean body
      mass (64.5 +/- 2.2 to 66.3 +/- 2.1 kg) and no change in maximal oxygen
      consumption (47.5 +/- 1.3 to 46.9 +/- 1.2 ml X kg-1 X min-1). Plasma
      norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) concentrations (pg X mL-1) were not
      significantly different before and after training at rest (NE: 172 +/- 19 vs 187
      +/- 30; E: 33 +/- 10 vs 76 +/- 16) or in response to maximal exercise (NE: 3976
      +/- 660 vs 4163 +/- 1081; E: 1072 +/- 322 vs 1321 +/- 508). Plasma lactate
      concentrations during recovery were similar before and after training (147 +/- 5
      vs 147 +/- 15 mg X dL-1). Under the assumption that the "central command" is
      reduced for a given absolute workload on the bicycle ergometer following leg
      strength training, these observations support the hypothesis that the sympathetic
      response to exercise is under the control of information from muscle
      chemoreceptors.

PMID- 3698983
TI  - The role of learning and coordination in strength training.
AB  - The central changes associated with a period of strength training have been
      investigated in a group of 32 young healthy volunteers. Subjects participated in
      one of three 12 week training programmes, which required different degrees of
      skill and coordination. Study 1 consisted of unilateral isometric training of the
      quadriceps with the contralateral leg acting as a control, the apparatus
      providing firm back support and a lap strap. In Study 2 training consisted of
      unilateral concentric leg-extension with back support and hand-grips. In Study 3
      subjects performed bilateral leg-extension with no back support. Measurements of
      maximum voluntary isometric strength were made at 2-3 week intervals and a
      continual record was kept of the weights lifted in Studies 2 and 3. The largest
      increase in isometric force was seen for the trained leg in Study 1
      (approximately 40%). There was no significant change in strength in the
      contralateral untrained leg. In Studies 2 and 3 there was a large increase in
      training weights (about 200%) associated with smaller increase in isometric force
      (15-20%). It is concluded that a large part of the improvement in the ability to
      lift weights was due to an increased ability to coordinate other muscle groups
      involved in the movement such as those used to stabilise the body. The importance
      of these findings for athletic training and rehabilitation is discussed.

PMID- 3698984
TI  - Urinary excretion of free noradrenaline and adrenaline related to age, sex and
      hypertension in 265 individuals.
AB  - Urinary excretion of free noradrenaline and adrenaline during 24 h in 265
      individuals was determined and related to sex, age, and hypertension as one
      indicator of the average sympathetic drive. Noradrenaline was found to correlate
      positively with age in healthy individuals. Noradrenaline and adrenaline were
      lower in healthy women than in men during the first half of life expectancy.
      Catecholamine excretion was similar in men and women in the second half of life
      expectancy. In hypertensive individuals, catecholamine excretion was slightly
      higher in the first half, and significantly higher in the second half of life
      expectancy. We assume that the differences in catecholamine excretion can
      contribute to the sex-and age-related differences in incidence of cardiovascular
      diseases, such as hypertension and coronary heart disease.

PMID- 3698985
TI  - The mechanical efficiency of locomotion in men and women with special emphasis on
      stretch-shortening cycle exercises.
AB  - The mechanical efficiency of the leg extensor musculature of men and women was
      examined with a special "sledge ergometer". The subjects (ten males and ten
      females) performed pure positive work, pure negative work and a combination of
      negative and positive work (stretch-shortening cycle). The mechanical efficiency
      of pure positive work was on average 19.8 +/- 1.2% for female subjects and 17.4
      +/- 1.2% for male subjects (t = 4.12, P less than 0.001), although the work
      intensity was equal in both groups. The mechanical efficiency of pure negative
      work was slightly lower in women than in men (59.3 +/- 14.4% vs 75.6 +/- 29.3%).
      The mechanical efficiency of positive work (eta +) in a stretch-shortening cycle
      exercise was 38.1 +/- 6.8% in men and 35.5 +/- 6.9% in women. The utilization of
      prestretch was better for female subjects at low prestretch levels, whereas males
      showed greater potentiation of elastic energy at higher prestretch levels.
      Regarding absolute Wel (work due to elasticity) values, male subjects showed
      greater (P less than 0.001) values than females (189 +/- 44 J vs 115 +/- 36 J,
      respectively). Fundamental differences in neuromuscular functions in men and
      women might cause the differences in the results obtained.

PMID- 3698986
TI  - Plasma volume change during heavy-resistance weight lifting.
AB  - Blood samples were obtained from six young men before, and over a 60-min period
      following a bout of heavy-resistance weight lifting to determine changes in
      plasma volume. Weight lifting consisted of three sets of four exercises (arm
      curl, bench press, bent-arm row, and squat) performed using 70% of one-repetition
      maximum for as many repetitions as possible. Plasma volume change was determined
      from haematocrit and haemoglobin concentration. During weight lifting, mean
      oxygen uptake and heart rate were 1.96 L X min-1 and 158 bt X min-1,
      respectively. Plasma volume was decreased -14.3% (p less than 0.05) immediately
      following exercise and -7.0% (p less than 0.05) at 15 min into recovery, but had
      returned to the resting level within 30 min. It was concluded that heavy
      resistance weight lifting elicits a significant decrease in plasma volume, which
      is similar in magnitude to that observed during running and cycling at 80-95% of
      maximal oxygen uptake.

PMID- 3698987
TI  - The mean red cell volume in long distance runners.
AB  - Red cell indices were determined in 6 well trained runners before and after a 100
      km race, and Coulter Counter (CC) determinations compared with calculated values
      derived from centrifuged hematocrit (ctrf), red cell count (CC) and hemoglobin
      measurements. The following changes were observed immediately after the race, as
      compared to values 3 days before: MCV(ctrf) decreased by 4.9% (p less than
      0.001), MCV(CC) increased by 1.9% (p less than 0.05), MCHC(ctrf) increased by 4%
      and MCHC(CC) decreased by 3%. The increase in MCV(CC) suggests that
      intraerythrocyte osmolality was increased, this probably leading to swelling of
      the cells induced by a shift of water from the diluting Coulter Counter solution
      into the red cells prior to the MCV measurement. The decrease in MCV(ctrf)
      immediately after the race was not correlated with the increase in plasma
      osmolality. This suggests that plasma osmolality alone was not the key factor for
      regulation of red cell volume. The changes in MCV(ctrf), which contributed to a
      surprising stability of the hematocrit value and plasma volume, might represent a
      physiological principle for the maintenance of a favourable blood viscosity.

PMID- 3698988
TI  - Sex-related differences in free plasma catecholamines in individuals of similar
      performance ability during graded ergometric exercise.
AB  - Sex-related differences of catecholamine responses were evaluated in nine healthy
      women and six age-matched men at rest and during incremental treadmill exercise.
      Heart rate, oxygen uptake (VO2), glucose and lactate blood levels as well as the
      free plasma catecholamines, noradrenaline and adrenaline, were determined. No
      significant differences were observed for these parameters between the two groups
      at rest. The females had relative VO2max and maximal running velocities similar
      to the males, which points to a comparable dynamic performance ability. However,
      at identical work loads, noradrenaline, adrenaline and glucose levels were
      significantly higher in women than in men. Lactate, heart rate and relative VO2
      showed a similar tendency at submaximal exercise levels, indicating higher strain
      at identical stress levels in women. The reason for the higher sympathetic
      activity in women at identical work loads may be their relatively smaller
      skeletal muscle mass in relation to the loads during this test.

PMID- 3698989
TI  - Physical activity and blood pressure in normotensive young women.
AB  - Blood pressure and heart rate were measured in 22 physically active normotensive
      women, 20 +/- 1.7 years old (mean +/- SD) and in 25 physically non-active
      normotensive women 20.9 +/- 1.7 years old in supine, sitting and standing
      positions. Diastolic and mean blood pressures were found to be significantly
      lower in active women than non-active women. A significant negative correlation
      was found between maximal oxygen consumption and blood pressure, and it is
      suggested that aerobic physical activity could be used as non-pharmacological
      therapy in cases of moderate and borderline hypertension in young women.

PMID- 3698991
TI  - Anemia causes a relative decrease in blood lactate concentration during exercise.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to examine to what degree a reduction in
      systemic oxygen transport capacity influences the absolute and relative levels (%
      of maximal oxygen uptake) of submaximal blood lactate accumulation. Anemia was
      induced by repeated venesections in eight healthy males. After 9-10 weeks of
      anemia, hemoglobin concentration [Hb] was restored by retransfusion of packed
      erythrocytes. The [Hb] values obtained were, before venesections, in control (C)
      = 145 +/- 10, in the anemic state (A) = 110 +/- 8, and after retransfusion (R) =
      143 +/- 8 g X l-1 respectively. In all states, muscle biopsies were taken and
      measurements made of VO2max and VO2 at a running velocity corresponding to a
      blood lactate concentration of 4 mM (upsilon Hla 4.0). In the A condition Vo2max
      decreased by 19% as compared to C (P less than 0.01). upsilon Hla 4.0 was 14%
      lower in A as compared to C and R (p less than 0.01). VO2 at upsilon Hla 4.0 was
      13% lower in A as compared to C (P less than 0.01). However, VO2 at upsilon Hla
      4.0 expressed as a percentage of VO2max was increased (P less than 0.01) in the
      anemic state, the values obtained being C = 83.3%, A = 89.8% and R = 84.8%.
      Ventilation at upsilon Hla 4.0 was higher in A as compared to C and R (P less
      than 0.05). R and C values were not significantly different for any of the values
      presented above. The maximal activity of citrate synthase in muscle did not
      differ between the three different conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3698990
TI  - Blood biochemical factors in humans resistant and susceptible to formation of
      venous gas emboli during decompression.
AB  - Blood biochemical parameters were measured in 12 male human subjects before and
      after exposure to a staged decompression protocol, with simulated extravehicular
      activity, during 3 days. Following the exposure, significant changes occurred in
      several parameters, including increases in blood urea nitrogen, inorganic
      phosphate, potassium, and osmolality, and decreases in uric acid and creatinine.
      Pre-exposure blood samples from subjects who were susceptible to formation of
      venous gas emboli (VGE) during decompression exhibited significantly greater
      levels of total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, potassium,
      inorganic phosphate, calcium, and magnesium. The results indicate that, following
      this decompression profile, small but significant (P less than 0.05) changes
      occur in several blood biochemical parameters, and that levels of certain blood
      factors may be related to susceptibility to VGE formation during decompression.

PMID- 3698992
TI  - Sex- and age-related blood pressure response to dynamic work with small muscle
      masses.
AB  - Four groups of subjects of different ages and sex (group I: 20-29 years, women;
      group II: 20-29 years, men; group III: 30-39 years, women; group IV: 30-39 years,
      men) undertook dynamic one-hand work (load range 40%-80% of maximum voluntary
      contraction, at 60 working cycles/min) to allow a study of cardiovascular
      responses as shown by the resultant changes in blood pressure and heart rate.
      During fatiguing dynamic one-hand work, there was a large increase in systolic
      and diastolic blood pressures in both sexes after a few minutes. For all load
      levels, the systolic blood pressure was found to be higher by about 4 kPa in men
      (groups II and IV) than in women (groups I and III). Other age-related
      differences became evident in the diastolic blood pressure changes. The values
      obtained for the older groups were higher than those in the two younger groups.
      These differences in blood pressure response are possibly due to sex-related
      differences in the release of catecholamines, or to age-related organic changes
      in the vessels.

PMID- 3698994
TI  - Effect of arm position on cardiovascular responses during isometric handgrips.
AB  - Sixteen subjects (eight women and eight men, age 20-25 years) carried out in the
      seated position, isometric contractions sustained until exhaustion of the digital
      flexors. The subject's arm was placed in two positions, high and low. The muscle
      tensions used were 30, 40 and 50% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). Under
      these conditions, for a given relative force, the duration of contraction (limit
      time) was not modified by the arm position. In the male subjects, increases in
      heart rate (HR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were slightly more pronounced
      in the low than the high position, but the differences were not significant.
      Limit times in the high position were similar to those in the low position, and,
      in the absence of an increase in HR and SBP, this seemed to be due to an increase
      in cardiac output consequent upon a transient improvement in venous return
      together with an increase in the coefficient of oxygen utilization.

PMID- 3698993
TI  - Effect of sleep deprivation on cholesterol metabolism and triglyceridaemia in
      male volunteers.
AB  - The effect of 5-day sleep deprivation (SD) on cholesterol metabolism, together
      with triglyceridaemia, was studied in seven healthy male volunteers. A 3-day
      control period was followed by 5 days (120 h) complete SD and 4 days recovery.
      Blood was collected at 9 a.m. and at 9 p.m. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsy was
      performed during the control period, on the 5th day of SD, and on day 3 of
      recovery. The value of muscle cholesterol was related to the non-collagen protein
      content. The plasma triglycerides (TG) varied in a circadian biorhythm, the
      amplitude of which declined gradually during SD. The morning triglyceridaemia was
      significantly decreased on days 3-5 of SD (35%-79% of initial values). On days 4
      and 5 of SD, plasma cholesterol fell significantly to 78% and 88% of control
      values, respectively. The ratio of its esterified to unesterified fractions
      remained unchanged throughout SD. Basal activity of lecithin cholesterol
      acyltransferase (LCAT) showed no diurnal biorhythm; on the last 2 days of SD,
      LCAT activity fell significantly to 71%-80%. In contrast, the decrease in
      fractional esterification rate (FER) was insignificant. In the vastus lateralis
      muscle, total cholesterol (TC) was decreased by 40% at the end of SD, the
      reduction being greater for cholesterol esters (CE) (by 63%) than for free
      cholesterol (FC) (by 36%). The relative proportion of CE significantly decreased
      from an initial 14.7% to 9.2% on the last day of SD. During recovery after SD,
      plasma cholesterol and TG slowly returned to normal. LCAT activity and FER
      recovered quickly, within 48 h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3698995
TI  - Resting muscle glucose metabolites and related compounds in hypercapnia.
AB  - Glucose metabolites (lactate, pyruvate, citrate, malate), alanine, glutamate and
      adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were determined in the resting anterior tibial
      muscle of dogs. The muscle was sampled in anesthetized animals first breathing
      air, and secondly after an hour of breathing a hypercapnic mixture, FICO2 = 0.10
      (experimental subjects n = 6) or air (control subjects n = 6). A decrease in
      concentration of glucose metabolites (lactate: -34%; pyruvate: -24%; Citrate: 
      34%; malate: -54%), glutamate (-43%), alanine (-35%) and ATP (-8%) was observed
      in the resting muscle during acute hypercapnic acidosis. This was not the case in
      control animals breathing air.

PMID- 3698996
TI  - Recovery O2 and blood lactic acid: longitudinal analysis in boys aged 11 to 15
      years.
AB  - Nineteen boys were tested annually from age 11 to 15 years. Recovery O2 (or O2
      debt in l and ml X kg-1) and blood lactate ([La], mmol X l-1) were measured
      following supramaximal treadmill tests (20% grade) designed to stress the
      anaerobic energy systems maximally. The purpose was to describe the rate of
      development of anaerobic capacity (AnC) from pre-puberty to adolescence. AnC
      improved from age 11 to 15 years, as indicated by a tripling of recovery O2 (l),
      80% increase in recovery O2 per kg and 45% in [La]. Changes were similar from
      year to year with average yearly increments in recovery O2 of 0.8 l or 9 ml X kg
      1 and in [La] of 0.9 mmol X l-1. Individual data also were plotted in relation to
      age of peak height velocity (PHV, 12.9 +/- 1.2 years). Changes in the measures of
      AnC were not significantly different when related to biological rather than
      chronological age. Development of AnC did not show a growth function curve and
      was not closely correlated with size, nor was the development of AnC enhanced
      immediately following maturation. Thus, in this longitudinal study, recovery O2
      and [La] as measures of AnC showed large increases from age 11 to 15 years, but
      the gains were similar year to year rather than related to size growth, per se,
      or hormonal influences at maturation postulated to induce qualitative changes in
      glycolytic potential of muscle.

PMID- 3698997
TI  - Hydration during exercise. Effects on thermal and cardiovascular adjustments.
AB  - Five young unacclimatised subjects were exposed for 4 h at 34 degrees C (10
      degrees C dew-point temperature and 0.6 m X s-1 air velocity), while exercising
      on a bicycle ergometer: 25 min work--5 min rest cycles for 2 hours followed by 20
      min work--10 min rest cycles for two further hours. 5 experimental sessions were
      carried out: one without rehydration (NO FLUID) resulting in 3.1% mean loss of
      body weight (delta Mb), and four sessions with 20 degrees C fluid ingestion of
      spring water (WATER), hypotonic (HYPO), isotonic (ISO) and hypertonic (HYPER)
      solutions to study the effects of fluid osmolarity on rehydration. Mean final
      rehydration (+/- SE) after fluid intake was 82.2% (+/- 1.2). Heart rate was
      higher in NO FLUID while no difference among conditions was found in either delta
      Mb or hourly sweat rates. Sweating sensitivity was lowest in the dehydration
      condition, and highest in the WATER one. Modifications in plasma volume and
      osmolarity demonstrated that NO FLUID induced hyperosmotic hypovolemia, ISO
      rehydration rapidly led to plasma isoosmotic hypervolemia, while WATER led to
      slightly hypoosmotic normovolemia. It is concluded that adequate rehydration
      through ingestion of isotonic electrolyte-sucrose solution, although in
      quantities much smaller than evaporative heat loss, rapidly restored and expanded
      plasma volume. While osmolarity influenced sweating sensitivity, the plasma
      volume changes (delta PV) within the range -6% less than or equal to delta PV +
      4% had little effect on temperature adjustments in our conditions.

PMID- 3698998
TI  - Motor unit fibre density in extremely hypertrophied skeletal muscles in man.
      Electrophysiological signs of muscle fibre hyperplasia.
AB  - Single fibre electromyography (SFEMG) was performed on the left quadriceps,
      extensor digitorum communis, and biceps brachii muscles of four highly trained
      bodybuilders (BB). Muscle fibre areas, as assessed from biopsy samples, were
      similar in the BB as in age-matched habitually active male controls despite large
      differences in limb circumferences. This indicates a greater muscle fibre number
      in BB. An abnormally high muscle fibre density (FD) was recorded in two subjects
      exposed to extremely severe exercise for 14 years or longer, while those with
      normal FDs had been training extensively for a considerably shorter time (4-6
      years). The abnormal FD was due either to an ephaptic transmission of action
      potentials between adjacent muscle fibres, or a muscle fibre hyperplasia, or most
      probably a combination of both, in response to a long-term functional overload.
      From the present results one cannot say whether the suggested muscle fibre
      hyperplasia had any major influence on the muscle hypertrophy per se, since all
      BB possessed large muscle volumes.

PMID- 3698999
TI  - Exercise induced increases in muscle fiber number.
AB  - The effect of weight-lifting, which induced muscular enlargement, on fiber number
      was tested in the flexor carpi radialis muscle by operantly conditioning 6 cats
      to flex their right wrist against increasing resistance for an average of 101
      weeks. The left was used as a control. At the end of training, the cats were
      performing "one-arm" lifts with an average of 57% of their body weight. There was
      an 11% greater muscle weight (P less than 0.01) and 9% (P less than 0.02) more
      fibers in the exercised muscles from the right limb than in the left. This study
      using a different method, supports our earlier observations that prolonged weight
      lifting exercise significantly increases the total number of muscle fibers.

PMID- 3699000
TI  - Training-induced changes in neuromuscular performance under voluntary and reflex
      conditions.
AB  - To investigate training-induced changes in neuromuscular performance under
      voluntary and reflex contractions, 11 male subjects went through heavy resistance
      (high loads of 70-120% of one maximum repetition) and 10 male subjects through
      explosive type (low loads with high contraction velocities) strength training
      three times a week for 24 weeks.  A large increase (13.9%, p less than 0.01) in
      voluntary unilateral maximal knee extension strength with only slight and
      insignificant changes in time of isometric force production were observed during
      heavy resistance strength training. Explosive type strength training resulted in
      a small insignificant increase in maximal strength but in considerable shortening
      (p less than 0.05) in the time of force production. A significant increase (p
      less than 0.05) noted in the averaged maximal integrated electromyogram (IEMG) of
      the knee extensors during heavy resistance strength training correlated (p less
      than 0.01) with the increase in maximal strength. No changes were noted during
      training in reflex time components, but significant decreases (p less than 0.05)
      occurred in the peak-to-peak amplitudes of the reflex electromyograms (EMG) in
      both groups. The individual changes during training in the reflex EMG/force ratio
      were related (p less than 0.01) to the respective changes in IEMG/force ratio in
      voluntary contractions. The present observations support the concept of
      specificity of training, and suggest that specific training-induced adaptations
      in the neuromuscular system may be responsible for these changes in performance.

PMID- 3699001
TI  - Daily physical activity levels in preadolescent boys related to VO2max and
      lactate threshold.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate the physical activity levels in
      eleven 9-10 year old boys with reference to aerobic power or lactate threshold
      (LT). Daily physical activity levels were evaluated from a HR monitoring system
      for 12 h on three different days. VO2max, VO2-HR relationship and LT were
      determined by the progressive treadmill test. LT was 36.7 +/- 3.1 ml X kg-1 X min
      1 and 71.0 +/- 6.6% VO2max. Mean total time of activities with HR above the level
      corresponding to 60% VO2max (T-60%) and that above LT (T-LT) were 34 +/- 7 and 18
      +/- 7 min, respectively. VO2max (ml X kg-1 X min-1) correlated significantly with
      T-60% (p less than 0.01), while no significant relationship was found with LT in
      ml X kg-1 X min-1. In conclusion, longer daily physical activities at moderate to
      higher intensity for preadolescent children seem to increase VO2max rather than
      LT.

PMID- 3699002
TI  - Swelling of the foot, its vascular volume and systemic hemoconcentration during
      long-term constrained sitting.
AB  - Swelling of the left foot and changes in its vascular volume (VV) were studied in
      seven healthy subjects during 8 h of seated work without leg movements. Changes
      in total plasma volume (PV) were calculated from hematocrit values. Reference
      values (r.v.) were obtained during a working day requiring intermittent physical
      activity (walking). Significant changes during the first 4 h: the foot swelled by
      3.5% (r.v.: 2.2%) and VV was reduced by 0.5% of the foot volume (r.v.: increased
      by 0.3%). Accordingly, the interstitial fluid volume (IFV) of the foot increased
      by 4.0% (r.v.: 1.9%). The loss of PV was 6.3%. During the last 4 h the only
      significant change was an increase in foot volume by 1.9%. It is concluded that
      (1) foot swelling should be corrected for changes in VV to obtain an exact
      measure of the change in IFV, (2) prolonged elevated pressure, assumed to occur
      in the feet during relaxed sitting, does not imply distension ("delayed
      compliance") of the vascular system as previously suggested, (3)
      hemoconcentration seems to reach complete stability during the initial period of
      quiet sitting, (4) loss of PV during sedentary work may be avoided by a modest
      increase in leg activity.

PMID- 3699003
TI  - Muscular performance during seated work elevated by two different EMG methods.
AB  - As part of a larger ergonomic survey of seated work, the myoelectric activity of
      soleus and erector spinae was studied during typing and desk work while sitting
      on three different office chairs. Muscular performance was evaluated by two EMG
      methods: (1) the frequently used analysis of the amplitude probability
      distribution function (APDF) of the EMG signals, and (2) a recently presented
      method which considers muscular contraction frequencies according to the load
      levels. The latter indicated significant differences in contraction frequencies
      which did not appear from the APDF. Moreover, the APDF illustrated differences in
      load levels which were not evident from the frequency analyses. It is suggested
      that both EMG methods should be used in evaluations of muscular activity.

PMID- 3699004
TI  - Regulation of red cell 2,3-DPG and Hb-O2-affinity during acute exercise.
AB  - Reports from the literature and our own data on red cell 2,3-DPG and its
      importance for unloading O2 from Hb to the tissues during exhaustive exercise are
      contradictory. We investigated red cell metabolism during incremental bicycle
      ergometry of various durations. Furthermore changes in blood composition
      occurring during exercise were simulated under in vitro conditions. The effect of
      a moderate (11.2 mmol X l-1 lactate, pH = 7.127) and severe (18 mmol X l-1
      lactate, pH = 6.943) lactacidosis on red cell 2,3-DPG concentration was compared
      with the effect of similar acidosis induced by HCl. Our data indicate that the
      concentration of 2,3-DPG in red cells depends on the degree of lactacidosis, but
      not on the duration of exercise. During moderate lactacidosis red cell 2,3-DPG
      remains unchanged. This can be explained by an interruption of red cell
      glycolysis on the PK and GAP-DH step caused by a lactate and pyruvate influx into
      the erythrocyte, as well as an intraerythrocytic acidosis and a drop in the
      NAD/NADH ratio. During severe lactacidosis and HCL-induced acidosis a decrease in
      2,3-DPG due to an inhibition of 2,3-DPGmutase and other glycolytic enzymes can be
      found. Mathematical correction of the observed P-50 value for the decrease in 2,3
      DPG occurring during severe lactacidosis showed that a decrease in Hb-O2-affinity
      during strenuous exercise depends on the degree of lactacidosis and temperature
      elevation.

PMID- 3699005
TI  - Muscle metabolism, blood lactate and oxygen uptake in steady state exercise at
      aerobic and anaerobic thresholds.
AB  - Muscle metabolites and blood lactate concentration were studied in five male
      subjects during five constant-load cycling exercises. The power outputs were
      below, equal to and above aerobic (AerT) and anaerobic (AnT) threshold as
      determined during an incremental leg cycling test. At AerT, muscle lactate had
      increased significantly (p less than 0.05) from the rest value of 2.31 to 5.56
      mmol X kg-1 wet wt. This was accompanied by a significant reduction in CP by 28%
      (p less than 0.05), whereas only a minor change (9%) was observed for ATP. At AnT
      muscle lactate had further increased and CP decreased although not significantly
      as compared with values at AerT. At the highest power outputs (greater than AnT)
      muscle lactate had increased (p less than 0.01) and CP decreased (p less than
      0.01) significantly from the values observed at AnT. Furthermore, a significant
      reduction (p less than 0.05) in ATP over resting values was recorded. Blood
      lactate decreased significantly (p less than 0.01) during the last half of the
      lowest 5 min exercise, remained unchanged at AerT and increased significantly (p
      less than 0.05-0.01) at power outputs greater than or equal to AnT. It is
      concluded that anaerobic muscle metabolism is increased above resting values at
      AerT: at low power outputs (less than or equal to AerT) this could be related to
      the transient oxygen deficit during the onset of exercise or the increase in
      power output. At high power outputs (greater than AnT) anaerobic energy
      production is accelerated and it is suggested that AnT represents the upper limit
      of power output where lactate production and removal may attain equilibrium
      during constant load exercise.

PMID- 3699006
TI  - Effect of hydration on some orthostatic and haematological responses to head-up
      tilt.
AB  - Experiments were undertaken to determine the effects of hydration status on a)
      orthostatic responses, and on b), relative changes in intravascular volume and
      protein content, during 70 degrees head-up tilt (HUT). Six men underwent 45 min
      of HUT, preceded by 45 min supine, first dehydrated, and again 105 min later
      after rehydration with water. Heart rate was consistently lower following
      rehydration (p less than 0.01), while supine diastolic pressure was higher (p
      less than 0.02). Systolic pressure fell during dehydrated HUT (p less than 0.01),
      but not during rehydrated HUT. Postural haemoconcentration, which was reduced
      after rehydration (p less than 0.001), was accompanied by a decrease in
      intravascular albumin content (p less than 0.05). Two subjects experienced severe
      presyncopal symptoms during dehydrated HUT, but not during rehydrated HUT. Thus,
      it appears that rehydration after fluid restriction improves orthostatic
      tolerance. Furthermore, extravascular hydration status may be more important than
      intravascular hydration status in determining orthostatic tolerance.

PMID- 3699007
TI  - Subjective comfort vote and air temperature as predictors of performance in
      factory workers.
AB  - Volunteer factory workers performed a series of tests in a mobile climate
      laboratory. The tests simulated factory skills and were performed at 6 degrees,
      12 degrees, 18 degrees or 24 degrees C at low vapour pressures. At each
      temperature four groups of about 30 workers were tested: black men, and women and
      white men and women. A first order polynomial was used to fit the data for
      temperature and comfort vote. The comfort vote predicted about 6% of performance,
      temperature about 11%. On some manual tasks air temperature predicted more than
      40% of performance. There were few differences between the groups.

PMID- 3699008
TI  - Effect of short-term energy intake level and exercise on oxygen consumption in
      men.
AB  - The influence of short-term energy intake and cycle exercise on oxygen
      consumption in response to a 1.5 MJ test meal was investigated in ten young,
      adult men. On the morning after a previous day's "low-energy" intake (LE regimen)
      of 4.5 MJ, the mean resting oxygen consumption increased by 0.7 ml X kg-1 X min-1
      after the test meal (P less than 0.025). After a "high-energy" intake (HE
      regimen) of 18.1 MJ, the resting measurement was unchanged (+0.4 ml X kg-1 X min
      1) after the meal (n.s.). These trends are the reverse of what would be expected
      if oxygen consumption in response to feeding is a factor in the acute control of
      body weight. The mean fasting oxygen consumption during cycle exercise at 56% of
      VO2max (constant work) for both LE and HE prior intakes was not different at 31.1
      ml X kg-1 X min-1. Oxygen consumption during exercise increased after feeding by
      0.5 ml X kg-1 X min-1 on the LE regimen (n.s.) and decreased by 1.2 ml X kg-1 X
      min-1 on the HE regimen (n.s.). These results are also the reverse of what would
      be expected if oxygen consumption in response to exercise is related to short
      term energy intake.

PMID- 3699009
TI  - The influence of weekly training distance on fractional utilization of maximum
      aerobic capacity in marathon and ultramarathon runners.
AB  - This study was designed to examine the interrelationships between performance in
      endurance running events from 10 to 90 km, training volume 3-5 weeks prior to
      competition, and the fractional utilization of maximal aerobic capacity (%VO2max)
      during each of the events. Thirty male subjects underwent horizontal treadmill
      testing to determine their VO2max, and steady-state VO2 at specific speeds to
      allow for calculation of %VO2max sustained during competition. Runners were
      divided into groups of ten according to their weekly training distance (group A
      trained less than 60 km X week-1, group B 60 to 100 km X week-1, and group C more
      than 100 km X week-1). Runners training more than 100 km X week-1 had
      significantly faster running times (average 19.2%) in all events than did those
      training less than 100 km X week-1. VO2max or %VO2max sustained during
      competition was not different between groups. The faster running speed of the
      more trained runners, running at the same %VO2max during competition, was due to
      their superior running economy (19.9%). Thus all of the group differences in
      running performance could be explained on the basis of their differences in
      running economy. These findings suggest either that the main effect of training
      more than 100 km X week-1 may be to increase running economy, or that runners who
      train more than 100 km X week-1 may have inherited superior running
      economy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3699010
TI  - Metabolic and ventilatory responses to steady state exercise relative to lactate
      thresholds.
AB  - The metabolic and ventilatory responses to steady state submaximal exercise on
      the cycle ergometer were compared at four intensities in 8 healthy subjects. The
      trials were performed so that, after a 10 min adaptation period, power output was
      adjusted to maintain steady state VO2 for 30 min at values equivalent to: (1) the
      aerobic threshold (AeT); (2) between the aerobic and the anaerobic threshold
      (AeTAnT); (3) the anaerobic threshold (AnT); and (4) between the anaerobic
      threshold and VO2max (AnTmax). Blood lactate concentration and ventilatory
      equivalents for O2 and CO2 demonstrated steady state values during the last 20
      min of exercise at the AeT, AeAnT and AnT intensities, but increased
      progressively until fatigue in the AnTmax trial (mean time = 16 min). Serum
      glycerol levels were significantly higher at 40 min of exercise on the AeAnT and
      the AnT when compared to AeT, while the respiratory exchange ratios were not
      significantly different from each other. Thus, metabolic and ventilatory steady
      state can be maintained during prolonged exercise at intensities up to and
      including the AnT, and fat continues to be a major fuel source when exercise
      intensities are increased from the AeT to the AnT in steady state conditions. The
      blood lactate response to exercise suggests that, for the organism as a whole,
      anaerobic glycolysis plays a minor role in the energy release system at exercise
      intensities upt to and including the AnT during steady state conditions.

PMID- 3699012
TI  - Antibiotic prophylaxis in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

PMID- 3699011
TI  - Effects of exercise detraining and deacclimation to the heat on plasma volume
      dynamics.
AB  - The effects of the discontinuation (DET) of an endurance training/heat
      acclimation (T/A) program on vascular volumes were studied in 16 adult males.
      Resting and exercise blood volume dynamics were examined prior to and during an
      exercise task performed after completion of T/A (CT1) and again at the end of DET
      (CT2). T/A consisted of cycling at 60% of peak VO2 for 90 min per day, 6 days per
      week, for 4 weeks. Ambient temperature was 20 degrees C for the first 3 weeks and
      40 degrees C for the last week (rh = 30-35%). Subjects were randomly assigned to
      one of the following DET conditions: 1) cycling one day per week at 40 degrees C,
      2) cycling one day per week at 20 degrees C, 3) resting one day per week at 40
      degrees C, 4) control. The exercise tasks consisted of 60 min of continuous cycle
      ergometer exercise at 50% of peak VO2 (Ta = 30 degrees C, rh = 35%). Although
      significant differences were found between CT1 and CT2, there were no
      interactions between the various DET conditions. Resting red cell volume
      decreased 98 ml and plasma volume decreased 248 ml following DET. A reduction in
      plasma protein content accounted for 97% of the decrease in plasma volume.
      Hemoconcentration occurred during exercise in both CT1 and CT2, while there were
      slight increases in plasma [Na+] and [Cl-] and a rapid rise in [K+]. It appears
      that a single exercise and/or heat exposure per week was not different from
      complete cessation of endurance exercise in the heat with regard to maintenance
      of the various vascular volumes.

PMID- 3699014
TI  - Serum bactericidal assay. Technical aspects and clinical correlations.

PMID- 3699013
TI  - Molecular weight of the major outer membrane protein of Legionella pneumophila.

PMID- 3699015
TI  - Comparison of myosins from the masseter muscle of adult rat, mouse and guinea
      pig. Persistence of neonatal-type isoforms in the murine muscle.
AB  - Adult rat, mouse, and guinea-pig masseter muscles display distinct myosin
      electrophoretic patterns. The rat muscle contains four main forms which by
      reference to the myosins of the IIB tensor fasciae latae, of the IIA mylohyoid,
      and of the red and white portions of the sternomastoid muscles, correspond
      respectively to the intermediate-type and to the three fast-type isoforms. The
      mouse masseter muscle contains only three main myosins, the intermediate-type and
      two fast-type isoforms. The guinea-pig muscle also displays only three bands,
      whose assignment is, however, less straightforward than in the murine species;
      their electrophoretic mobilities are not strictly the same as those of their
      homologous forms in rat and mouse. Comparison with the myosins of the tensor
      fasciae latae and of the sternomastoid muscles of guinea-pig allows their
      identification as intermediate and fast-type myosins. In addition to these
      typical adult-type forms, adult murine masseter muscles are observed to contain
      between zero and 30% of neonatal-type myosins. The comparison of the
      developmental transitions of myosins in the rat masseter with those in the
      skeletal muscles of the same animal indicates a delay in the appearance of the
      adult as well as in the disappearance of the neonatal-type myosins in the
      masseter muscle. Both the variability in myosin types with the animal species and
      the atypical presence of neonatal forms in the murine adults suggest that myosin
      expression in the masseter muscle is subjected to unusual regulations.

PMID- 3699016
TI  - On the steric course of the adenosylcobalamin-dependent 2-methyleneglutarate
      mutase reaction in Clostridium barkeri.
AB  - The enzymatically active enantiomer of 3-methylitaconate in Clostridium barkeri
      has (R)-configuration. This was checked by fermentation of the racemate and
      reisolation of the (S)-enantiomer. In addition (R)-3-methylitaconate was
      synthesized by enzymatic isomerisation of 2,3-dimethylmaleate which was
      protonated at the Si-face. 2-Methylene[2-2H1]glutarate was synthesized via (R)-3
      methyl[3-2H1]itaconate by brief incubation of 2,3-dimethylmaleate with a cell
      free extract of Clostridium barkeri in 2H2O. The predominantly monodeuterated
      compound was oxidized to (S)-[2-2H1]succinate as analysed by circular dichroism.
      The results demonstrate that 2-methyleneglutarate mutase catalyses the reversible
      migration of an acryloyl residue from the alpha-carbon to the beta-carbon of
      propionate with inversion of configuration at the alpha-carbon.

PMID- 3699017
TI  - Human gastric lipase. The effect of amphiphiles.
AB  - Human gastric lipase (HGL) activity on tributyrin emulsion was detected only in
      the presence of amphiphiles such as bile salts, proteins (serum albumin, beta
      lactoglobulin or ovalbumin) or phosphatidylcholine. These findings are contrary
      to the strong inhibitory effect of amphiphiles observed on pure pancreatic
      lipase. To reveal HGL activity, amphiphiles should be added prior to HGL. This
      may prevent irreversible interfacial denaturation. HGL activity was found to be
      restricted to a triacylglycerol/water surface tension ranging from 8 dyn/cm to 13
      dyn/cm. All amphiphiles, which decrease the interfacial tension below 8 dyn/cm,
      act as irreversible inhibitors of HGL in the absence and in the presence of bile
      salts. Our results confirm that HGL is capable of hydrolysing triacylglycerol in
      the presence of the physiological concentration of bile salts prevailing in the
      upper small intestine and in the presence of alimentary proteins. These
      observations could explain the high dietary lipid absorption observed under
      pancreatic lipase deficiency.

PMID- 3699018
TI  - Separation of tryptophan pyrrolooxygenase into three molecular forms. A study of
      their substrate specificities using tryptophyl-containing peptides and proteins.
AB  - Tryptophan pyrrolooxygenase from wheat germ was separated into three molecular
      forms by microgranular DEAE-cellulose using a stepwise or a linear gradient
      elution procedure. In the first case molecular forms A and B were eluted with 10
      mM Tris/HCl buffer (pH 7.4) and molecular form C was eluted with 50 mM KCl in the
      same buffer. The same separation could also be achieved with a linear KCl
      gradient (0-100 mM) in 10 mM Tris/HCl buffer (pH 7.4). The three molecular forms
      of tryptophan pyrrolooxygenase oxidized L-, D-, DL-Trp as well as many Trp
      derivatives with formation of N-formylkynurenyl derivatives. They also
      efficiently oxidized Trp-Phe, Trp-Tyr, Trp-Ala, Ala-Trp, Trp-Gly, Gly-Trp, Trp
      Leu, Leu-Trp, Pro-Trp and Val-Trp, although the dipeptides were oxidized at
      different rates by the three molecular forms. A number of tryptophyl-containing
      tetra-, penta-, octa-, nona- and decapeptides were also oxidized. The
      oligopeptides which were known to have a helical conformation were better
      substrates than the smaller oligopeptides which were devoid of the conformational
      factor. The three molecular forms of tryptophan pyrrolooxygenase oxidized the
      tryptophyl residues of lysozyme, pepsin, chymotrypsin, trypsin and bovine serum
      albumin. It was found that molecular form A oxidized the more exposed (or
      hydrophilic) Trp residues of the proteins, while molecular form C also oxidized
      the Trp residues of a more hydrophobic nature. The three molecular forms were
      inhibited by chelating agents (alpha, alpha'-dipyridyl, EDTA and omicron
      phenanthroline), although they differed in their sensitivities to these agents.
      Their optimum temperatures and inactivation rates at 65 degrees C was also
      different.

PMID- 3699019
TI  - Cytosolic rat liver glutathione transferase 4-4. Primary structure of the protein
      reveals extensive differences between homologous glutathione transferases of
      classes alpha and mu.
AB  - The primary structure of the class Mu glutathione transferase 4-4 from rat liver
      was determined. The structural data characterize a class Mu protein within an
      enzyme family for which three classes have been distinguished (Alpha, Mu, Pi).
      The structure was determined by analysis of peptides obtained after treatment
      with trypsin. Glu-specific protease and CNBr. The protein is composed of two
      identical subunits, each with 217 amino acid residues. No evidence for
      microheterogeneity or for the presence of modified residues was encountered. The
      primary structure was found to be strictly homologous with corresponding parts in
      known regions of other class Mu enzymes of rat, mouse, human and bovine origin.
      Relationships to the cytosolic enzyme of other classes (Pi and Alpha) are
      considerably more distant. A comparison with the entire chain of the class Alpha
      subunit 1 from rat liver was carried out by three methods, alignment of amino
      acid sequences, correlation of hydrophilicity plots and predictions of secondary
      structures. All methods reveal weak similarities but also large differences. The
      overall positional identity is only 26%. Combined, the results establish the
      first complete class Mu structure, show distant inter-class relationships, and
      relate subunit 4 (class Mu) and subunit 1 (class Alpha) in a family of enzymes
      rather than in a group of isoenzymes.

PMID- 3699020
TI  - Characterization and structural aspects of the enhanced assembly of tubulin after
      removal of its carboxyl-terminal domain.
AB  - Limited subtilisin cleavage of tubulin results in formation of S-tubulin
      heterodimer and a 4-kDa carboxyl-terminal peptide fragment. This carboxyl
      terminal domain constitutes an essential site for MAPs interaction and plays a
      role in modulating the interactions responsible for tubulin self-assembly into
      microtubules [Serrano et al. (1984) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 81, 5989; and
      Biochemistry 23, 4675]. In the present communication it is shown that addition of
      the 4-kDa peptide fragment from porcine tubulin to porcine S-tubulin in a molar
      ratio of about 2:1 does not affect the assembly of the latter. On the other hand,
      consistent with previous findings on the binding of the 4-kDa peptide by MAP-2,
      the peptide inhibited MAP-2-induced tubulin assembly (molar ratio of peptide to
      tubulin, about 2:1; peptide to MAP-2, about 30:1). Comparison of the amino acid
      composition of the 4-kDa peptide fragment and the C-terminal amino acid residues
      of S-tubulin with the amino acid sequence of tubulin indicated the subtilisin
      cleavage site on the tubulin molecule to be between residues Glu417 and Phe418 of
      the alpha-subunit sequence and between Glu407 and Phe408 of the beta-subunit
      sequence. The circular dichroism of the 4-kDa fragment in water as solvent is
      indicative of a molecule with an unordered structure, but when the solvent is
      changed to a water-trifluoroethanol mixture, the fragment becomes more highly
      structured. The critical concentration for S-tubulin assembly is not affected by
      MAPs nor by polylysine, but is decreased by either taxol of dimethylsulfoxide. S
      tubulin, with its greater propensity for self-association, has a different
      conformation from tubulin as shown by a 50% decrease in alpha-helical content, a
      more hydrophobic environment of at least some of the tryptophan residues as
      judged from fluorimetry, and a greater compaction indicated by f/f0 = 1.3, as
      compared to 1.4 for tubulin. The latter point is supported by the observation
      that the value of the sedimentation coefficient, s20,w = 5.7 S, of the 92-kDa S
      tubulin molecule is not significantly different from that of the 100-kDa tubulin,
      s20,w = 5.8S.

PMID- 3699021
TI  - 31P-NMR investigation of magnetically oriented rod outer segments. Spectral
      analysis and identification of individual phospholipids.
AB  - A 31P-NMR study of magnetically oriented bovine rod outer segments is presented.
      We demonstrate that carefully isolated bovine rod outer segments retain the
      capacity to orient in a magnetic field. Maximal orientation (85-90%) is achieved
      at field strengths over 4.7 T in the NMR spectrometer. The lineshape of the
      'oriented spectra' is totally different from the 'bilayer lineshape' of randomly
      oriented photoreceptor membranes. The oriented spectra consist of two
      phospholipid peaks, a major low-field peak (75-80% of the total intensity) near
      30 ppm, and a minor high-field peak near - 14 ppm as well as two sharp metabolite
      peaks around 0 ppm. The phospholipid peaks are a composite of three narrower
      partially resolved resonances assigned to the individual phospholipid classes
      phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Based on
      the morphology and magnetic anisotropy of the rod outer segment, the major
      phospholipid peak is attributed to the flat part of the disk membranes while the
      phospholipids of the plasma membrane are thought to contribute only to the minor
      peak. Disk rim phospholipids and non-oriented material contribute to the minor
      peak and, in addition, contribute some intensity to the middle part of the
      spectrum. The phospholipid class composition of the major peak is estimated by
      spectral simulation and is consistent with the phospholipid class composition of
      rod outer segment membranes. Hence, 31P analysis of oriented rod outer segments
      resolves the main phospholipids in at least two different membrane pools in the
      rod outer segment and allows the differential investigation of these pools. Most
      of the mobile phosphate metabolite intensity resides in the Pi peak at 3.5 ppm. A
      slight shift in the Pi resonance position indicates a 0.2 pH unit acidification
      upon illumination of rhodopsin. The absence of detectable nucleotide resonances,
      when compared with chemical analysis, indicates that the majority of the
      nucleotide population present is rather immobile and probably bound to the
      membranes.

PMID- 3699022
TI  - Separation and identification of the major constituents of cytoplasmic gels from
      macrophages.
AB  - Proteins which bind to actin filaments in macrophages were investigated by
      developing a procedure for the isolation of cytoplasmic gels. The gels were found
      to consist of five major constituents: actin, filamin and the 105-kDa, 70-kDa and
      55-kDa components. Prolonged exposure of this macromolecular complex to high
      ionic-strength buffer solubilized almost all the proteins, leaving behind the 55
      kDa component along with a large amount of actin. Gel filtration of the
      solubilized extract led to the isolation of five constituents comprising actin,
      filamin, the 105-kDa and 70-kDa polypeptides, plus a molecular species which
      eluted at the position of a 280-kDa globular protein. The biochemical and
      immunological properties of the 105-kDa component were analogous to those of
      alpha-actinin. Although several attempts were made to correlate the three other
      constituents (280-kDa, 70-kDa and 55-kDa) with known cytoskeletal proteins, their
      identity remains to be established. alpha-Actinin, and the 280-kDa and 70-kDa
      species all exhibited the ability to co-sediment with F-actin and to pack actin
      filaments into bundles. The bundling activity of the 70-kDa protein was
      significantly decreased in the presence of micromolar concentrations of calcium,
      while the activity of the 280-kDa protein was not. Such a Ca2+-sensitive protein
      could be very important in controlling the local cytoplasmic viscosity.

PMID- 3699023
TI  - Kinetic studies of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from sheep liver.
AB  - The steady-state kinetics of the oxidative decarboxylation of 6-phosphogluconate
      catalysed by 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from sheep liver in triethanolamine
      and phosphate buffers (pH 7.0) have been reinvestigated. In triethanolamine
      buffer the enzyme is inhibited by high NADP+ concentrations in the presence of
      low fixed concentrations of 6-phosphogluconate. Data are consistent with an
      asymmetric sequential mechanism in which NADP+ and 6-phosphogluconate bind
      randomly and product release is ordered. The pathway through the enzyme--6
      phosphogluconate complex appears to be preferred in triethanolamine buffer. Pre
      steady-state studies of the oxidative decarboxylation reaction at pH 6.0-8.0 show
      that hydride transfer is greater than 900 s-1. After the fast formation of NADPH
      in amounts equivalent to about half of the enzyme-active-centre concentration,
      the rate of NADPH formation is equal to the steady-state rate. Two possible
      interpretations are considered. Rapid fluorescence measurements of the
      displacement of NADPH from its complex with the enzyme at pH 6.0 and 7.0 indicate
      that the dissociation of NADPH is fast (greater than 800 s-1) and cannot be the
      rate-limiting step in oxidative decarboxylation. Coenzyme binding studies at
      equilibrium have been extended to include the determination of the dissociation
      constants for the binary complexes of enzyme with NADPH and NADP+ at pH 6.0-8.0
      and the dissociation constant for NADPH in the ternary enzyme--6-phosphogluconate
      -NADPH complex in triethanolamine buffer, pH 7.0.

PMID- 3699024
TI  - Purification and characterization of (2S)-flavanone 3-hydroxylase from Petunia
      hybrida.
AB  - (2S)-Flavanone 3-hydroxylase from flowers of Petunia hybrida catalyses the
      conversion of (2S)-naringenin to (2R,3R)-dihydrokaempferol. The enzyme could be
      partially stabilized under anaerobic conditions in the presence of ascorbate. For
      purification, 2-oxoglutarate and Fe2+ had to be added to the buffers. The
      hydroxylase was purified about 200-fold by a six-step procedure with low
      recovery. The Mr of the enzyme was estimated by gel filtration to be about
      74,000. The hydroxylase reaction has a pH optimum at pH 8.5 and requires as
      cofactors oxygen, 2-oxoglutarate, Fe2+ and ascorbate. With 2-oxo[1-14C]glutarate
      in the enzyme assay dihydrokaempferol and 14CO2 are formed in a molar ratio of
      1:1. Catalase stimulates the reaction. The product was unequivocally identified
      as (+)-(2R,3R)-dihydrokaempferol. (2S)-Naringenin, but not the (2R)-enantiomer is
      a substrate of the hydroxylase. (2S)-Eriodictyol is converted to (2R,3R)
      dihydroquercetin. In contrast, 5,7,3',4',5'-pentahydroxy-flavanone is not a
      substrate. Apparent Michaelis constants for (2S)-naringenin and 2-oxoglutarate
      were determined to be respectively 5.6 mumol X l-1 and 20 mumol X l-1 at pH 8.5.
      The Km for (2S)-eriodictyol is 12 mumol X l-1 at pH 8.0. Pyridine 2,4
      dicarboxylate and 2,5-dicarboxylate are strong competitive inhibitors with
      respect to 2-oxoglutarate with Ki values of 1.2 mumol X l-1 and 40 mumol X l-1,
      respectively.

PMID- 3699025
TI  - 4-Aminobutyrate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase from Candida. Purification and
      properties.
AB  - An enzyme which catalyzes the transamination of 4-aminobutyrate with 2
      oxoglutarate was purified 588-fold to homogeneity from Candida guilliermondii
      var. membranaefaciens, grown with 4-aminobutyrate as sole source of nitrogen. An
      apparent relative molecular mass of 107,000 was estimated by gel filtration. The
      enzyme was found to be a dimer made up of two subunits identical in molecular
      mass (Mr 55,000). The enzyme has a maximum activity in the pH range 7.8-8.0 and a
      temperature optimum of 45 degrees C. 2-Oxoglutarate protects the enzyme from heat
      inactivation better than pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. The absorption spectrum of the
      enzyme exhibits two maxima at 412 nm and 330 nm. The purified enzyme catalyzes
      the transamination of omega-amino acids; 4-aminobutyrate is the best amino donor
      and low activity is observed with beta-alanine. The Michaelis constants are 1.5
      mM for 2-oxoglutarate and 2.3 mM for 4-aminobutyrate. Several amino acids, such
      as alpha,beta-alanine and 2-aminobutyrate, are inhibitors (Ki = 38.7 mM, Ki =
      35.5 mM and Ki = 33.2 mM respectively). Propionic and butyric acids are also
      inhibitors (Ki = 3 mM and Ki = 2 mM).

PMID- 3699027
TI  - Two acceptor sub-types for dendrotoxin in chick synaptic membranes
      distinguishable by beta-bungarotoxin.
AB  - Using chick synaptic membranes, proteinaceous acceptors were characterized for
      dendrotoxin, a polypeptide from Dendroaspis angusticeps with convulsant activity
      due to its facilitation of transmitter release, resulting from inhibition of A
      current K+ channels in brain. Both equilibrium and kinetic measurements of
      radioiodinated toxin binding showed that two populations of membraneous acceptors
      were discernible with different affinities (Kd approximately 0.5 nM and 15 nM;
      Bmax approximately 90 and 400 fmol/mg protein). Only the high-affinity component
      interacted avidly with beta-bungarotoxin, an inhibitory presynaptic neurotoxin
      whose lighter chain is homologous to dendrotoxin. Facilitatory homologues of
      dendrotoxin from Dendroaspis species antagonised its binding to both acceptor sub
      types in proportion to their central neurotoxicities, whereas various other
      toxins (crotoxin, apamin), trypsin inhibitors and lectins proved ineffective.
      Cross-linking of toxin specifically bound to its membrane acceptors, using bis
      imido esters followed by electrophoretic analysis in the presence of sodium
      dodecyl sulphate, revealed a polypeptide with Mr of 75,000 together with lesser
      amounts of a 69,000-Mr component. Notably, the covalent labelling of each of
      these bands was inhibited partially by low concentrations of beta-bungarotoxin,
      indicating that they are derived from both acceptor species. The demonstrated
      existence of an acceptor form shared by dendrotoxin and beta-bungarotoxin,
      together with another sub-type selective for dendrotoxin, is discussed in
      relation to the known pharmacological interactions of these toxins which exert
      opposite effects on transmitter release.

PMID- 3699026
TI  - Evidence that the development of hepatic fatty acid oxidation at birth in the rat
      is concomitant with an increased intramitochondrial CoA concentration.
AB  - The development of hepatic fatty acid oxidation during the perinatal period in
      the rat was studied using isolated mitochondria. Ketone body synthesis from
      substrates entering at different levels of beta-oxidation was 2-3 times lower in
      mitochondria isolated from term-fetal liver than in 16-h-old newborn or adult
      liver mitochondria. The low rate of palmitoyl-L-carnitine oxidation in term-fetal
      mitochondria was linked neither to the low capacity of the respiratory chain nor
      to the removal of acetyl-CoA in the hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase pathway.
      The 2.5-times lower concentration of CoA found in term-fetal liver mitochondria
      when compared to 16-h-old or adult liver mitochondria might be the factor
      responsible for the low rate of fatty acid oxidation in term-fetal liver
      mitochondria.

PMID- 3699028
TI  - 31P-nuclear-magnetic-resonance study of muscles from Mytilus edulis.
AB  - Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were recorded from freshly
      excised and resting anterior byssus retractor muscles of the mussel Mytilus
      edulis. The absolute concentrations of phosphometabolites measured by NMR compare
      well with the values obtained by a biochemical method. Quantitative measurements
      were achieved in several minutes by applying to the observed NMR signals a
      correction taking the saturation effects into account. The time evolution of the
      phosphometabolite concentrations reveals that the hydrolysis of phosphoarginine
      is a first-order reaction producing inorganic phosphate, whilst the adenosine
      triphosphate level remains constant for more than 10 h. The phosphoarginine
      hydrolysis rate varies as a function of the season and reaches a maximum during
      the reproduction period of the mussel. This increase in phosphoarginine
      consumption could be bound up with the higher excitability of the muscles during
      spring. The activation energy of the phosphoarginine hydrolysis reaction also
      depends on the season and the difference between the value determined in winter
      and that measured in spring is explained by a modification of the mode of action
      or of the proportions of the enzymes involved in the muscular metabolism.

PMID- 3699029
TI  - S protein modulates the heparin-catalyzed inhibition of thrombin by antithrombin
      III. Evidence for a direct interaction of S protein with heparin.
AB  - The interference of S protein with the heparin-catalyzed inhibition of thrombin
      by antithrombin III was studied in a purified system and in plasma. The effect of
      S protein to counteract heparin activity was documented by kinetic analysis of
      the initial phase of the inhibition reaction. Addition of S protein induced a
      concentration-dependent reduction of the inhibition rate, reflected in a decrease
      of the apparent pseudo-first-order rate constant by a factor of 5-8 in the
      presence of a twofold molar excess of S protein over antithrombin III. A non
      competitive interaction of S protein with the thrombin--antithrombin-III--heparin
      inhibition reaction with Ki = 0.6 microM was found. While the association
      constant of thrombin--antithrombin III in the presence of 0.05 U/ml heparin
      amounted to 2.5 X 10(8) M-1, an approximately 200-fold decrease of this value was
      observed in the presence of S protein. The fast formation of the covalent complex
      between thrombin and antithrombin III in the presence of heparin was impaired as
      a result of the presence of S protein, as was shown by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. In the absence of
      heparin the inhibition of thrombin by antithrombin III alone was not influenced
      by S protein. The heparin-counteracting activity of S protein was found to be
      mainly expressed in the range of 0.01-0.1 U/ml heparin, thereby shifting the
      point of 50% inhibition of thrombin from 0.003 U/ml to 0.1 U/ml heparin with a
      second-order rate constant of k2 = 1.4 X 10(6) M-1. A direct interaction of S
      protein with heparin was demonstrated by crossed immunoelectrophoresis with
      purified proteins as well as in plasma and serum. The analysis of plasma and
      serum by crossed immunoelectrophoresis against rabbit anti-(human S protein)
      serum revealed an additional cathodal peak in the serum sample, resulting from
      the interaction of S protein with serum components. These findings not only
      indicate a direct interaction of S protein with heparin in the onset of the
      inhibition of thrombin by antithrombin-III--heparin, but also a contribution of S
      protein during enzyme-inhibitor complex formation.

PMID- 3699030
TI  - Nucleotide exchange between cytosolic ATP and F-actin-bound ADP may be a major
      energy-utilizing process in unstimulated platelets.
AB  - About 40% of the cytosolic ADP of human platelets is tightly bound to protein and
      the complex is precipitated from the cells by 43% ethanol. We show here that this
      ADP is bound to F-actin by three criteria (a) copurification with F-actin, (b)
      specific extraction with water and (c) by specific interaction with DNase I.
      Platelets contain 0.3 mumol/10(11) cells of this F-actin--ADP complex compared to
      the total actin content of 0.8 mumol/10(11) cells, which is consistent with the
      view that actin is maintained in different pools (F-actin--ADP, profilactin, G
      actin). In intact platelets the F-actin-bound ADP turns over rapidly and we have
      determined a turnover rate at 37 degrees C of 0.1 +/- 0.025 s-1 by using a double
      labelling procedure. This rapid turnover indicates that F-actin in intact
      platelets is in a very dynamic state, which may be necessary for rapid responses
      to stimuli. If it is assumed that the source of the ADP bound to F-actin is
      cytosolic ATP, the turnover of F-actin ADP measured represents an ATP-consuming
      process that would account for up to 50% of total ATP consumption in resting
      platelets.

PMID- 3699031
TI  - Early radiologic detection of local recurrence after curettage and acrylic
      cementation of giant cell tumours.
AB  - Five patients with giant cell tumour of bone, treated with curettage and acrylic
      cementation, were suspected of having recurrence of tumour 6 months-6 years after
      surgery. At repeat surgery, recurrence was histologically verified in three
      patients, and excluded in two. A review of the radiologic examinations of these
      patients showed that the only reliable sign of early recurrence was lysis or non
      development of the sclerotic rim adjacent to the radiolucent zone between the
      cement and the cancellous bone, detectable on conventional radiographs and
      tomographs. Angiography and scintimetry were not reliable during the first year
      after the primary surgery.

PMID- 3699032
TI  - Computed tomographic evaluation of morphological and functional condition of left
      ventricle in heart aneurysm.
AB  - Computed tomography is a valuable method for the diagnosis of post-infarction
      aneurysm of the left ventricle of the heart. It gives additional information
      concerning the morphological and functional condition of the left ventricle. The
      suggested method of layer-by-layer scanning improves the diagnostic efficiency of
      CT during examination of patients with heart aneurysm and is noninvasive. Precise
      individual calculation of the peak concentration of contrast medium, defined by
      dynamic scanning, optimises the process of gated CT. CT makes it possible to
      study changes in cavity configuration, left ventricle wall thinning, induration
      and calcification of the myocardium, changes in left ventricle wall mobility,
      decreased thickening of the myocardium at systole and left ventricle cavity
      thrombosis--all changes characteristic of left ventricular aneurysm. CT provides
      important additional information about the condition of the inter-ventricular
      septum. EDV, ESV and EF data obtained using CT produce important information
      about the functional state of the left ventricle. Computed tomography can be used
      as an independent method of left ventricle aneurysm detection, especially in
      those institutions where more complicated investigation methods are not used and
      interventional cardiac procedures are not practised. Complex use of computed
      tomography and left ventriculography in cardiosurgical institutions makes it
      possible to improve significantly the diagnosis of cardiac aneurysm. Calculation
      of integral data about left ventricle pumping function based on CT and LVG data
      gives proper evaluation of the indications for operative intervention in left
      ventricular aneurysm.

PMID- 3699033
TI  - CT features of cardio-pericardial masses.
AB  - The results of dynamic computed tomography (CT) in 13 patients with intracardiac
      filling defects and one with a pericardial lipoma are presented. The intracardiac
      filling defects were due to thrombus in five cases, myxoma in three, hydatid
      cysts in three, haemangiopericytoma in one and sarcoma in one. These kinds of
      lesions are well identified by CT which seems to be superior to echocardiography
      in the characterisation of the components and in the evaluation of the malignant
      spreading masses.

PMID- 3699034
TI  - MR imaging of extracranial hematomas: comparison with CT.
AB  - Thirty MR examinations of twenty-five patients with extracranial hemorrhagic
      lesions were reviewed. Comparative CT studies were available in 11 patients. The
      acute hematomas (less than 3 days old) showed intermediate intensity on the short
      TR (0.5 sec.) and increased in signal intensity on the long TR (2.0 sec.). The MR
      appearance of acute hematoma was not specific. Clot (more than 3 days old)
      demonstrated an intermediate intensity on the short TR and increased markedly in
      signal intensity on the long TR equaling the signal intensity of fat. Serum (more
      than 3 days old) was imaged as a high intensity lesion on both short and long TR.
      It is concluded that MR can be very useful for the differential diagnosis of
      subacute and chronic hemorrhagic lesions from other lesions.

PMID- 3699035
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of the pediatric thorax: initial experience.
AB  - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is particularly useful in the pediatric patient.
      No ionizing radiation is used; there are no complicating side effects; the
      technique is noninvasive and painless. We reviewed our experience using a 0.15 T.
      resistive imager for diagnostic MRI of the pediatric thorax. We studied 16
      children, aged 8 days to 16 years, with various thoracic diseases. Correlation of
      the MRI findings with computerized tomography (CT) was obtained in 10 children
      and with the surgical findings in 8. Spatial resolution was slightly less with
      MRI than with CT. Medium and large vessels are well seen without contrast medium
      injection. Tissue characterization with MRI is superior to CT and the normal
      thymus is well seen. The long scanning time can be a problem in young children
      but can be overcome using intramuscular sedation. Cardiac gated imaging was
      successfully tested.

PMID- 3699036
TI  - Breast pathology in MRI. First results.
AB  - The authors present the first results of the assessment of MRI (0.35 T) with
      adapted surface reel in the exploration of mammary pathology in 90 cases. On a
      morphological level, MRI permits a new analysis of signs of dystrophy. As far as
      MRI is concerned, no specific sign of mammary neoplasia seems to exist. A
      classification is suggested, taking into account morphology and parameters of
      relaxation.

PMID- 3699037
TI  - Ideal imaging in MR: contrast-enhancing pharmaceuticals. Evaluation of tempo
      carboxylic acid as nitroxide diagnostic agent.
AB  - The meglumine salt of TCA, a piperidinyl nitroxide stable free radical
      derivative, was tested as an NMR contrast enhancer. This report of its use in
      animals indicates its usefulness in the enhancement of signal intensity of the
      kidney and bladder.

PMID- 3699038
TI  - Influence of NMR measuring sequences and gradient variation on signals from
      flowing systems. Magnetic resonance tomography on experimental models.
AB  - The influence of flow on MR tomography images and signal intensities has been
      studied using experimental model tubes and an aqueous NiCl2 solution having the
      same relaxation time as human blood. We applied the inversion recovery (IR) and
      the spin-echo (SE) sequence on a .15T MR tomography system. The influence of RF
      pulse distance (tau) in the IR and SE experiment as well as the influence of
      magnetic z-gradient strength on the flow images has been investigated. IR images
      revealed that signals from flowing systems recover more rapidly due to influx of
      non-inverted longitudinal magnetization into the scan slice. SE images in
      presence of flow are characterized by signal intensity loss with increasing time
      caused by the outflow and dephasing of transverse magnetization. With increasing
      strength of the z-gradient, the MR signals of flowing fluids decrease
      drastically. Thus for detection of flow, all the above mentioned parameters are
      of importance.

PMID- 3699039
TI  - Disk processes in MR.
AB  - Disk processes can be differentiated in MR with the introduction of high
      resolution coils and the use of a multi slice technique with a minimal slice
      thickness of 5 mm. By using a sensitive double echo sequence we found that in the
      80 patients examined the size and extent of the posterior herniation could be
      well demonstrated. Sagittal slices show the relationship of the herniation to the
      spinal cord. The pathomechanical parts of a disk process such as ruptured or
      preserved anulus fibrosus, perforated or intact posterior longitudinal ligament
      can be differentiated. For lateral lying processes in connection with the foramen
      intervertebral and the spinal roots an axial slice parallel to the intervertebral
      space is recommended. All CT findings especially in the cervical spine region
      were shown and further qualified.

PMID- 3699040
TI  - Schwannoma of the trachea.
AB  - We recently encountered a tracheal schwannoma presenting as a polypoid mass.
      Computed tomography (CT) was very effective in evaluation of the size, shape and
      site of this rare tumour. Furthermore, CT images in the prone position made it
      easy to exclude tumour extension into the mediastinum.

PMID- 3699041
TI  - The neurofibroma of the oesophagus. Case report.
AB  - A case of oesophageal neurofibroma is reported; its low incidence among the
      benign tumours of the oesophagus is pointed out. The clinical, radiologic and
      histologic features of this very rare tumour are described.

PMID- 3699042
TI  - Pancreatic pseudocyst of the mediastinum. Evaluation by CT.
AB  - This paper describes a case of pancreatic pseudocyst involving the mediastinum.
      Diagnosis was made by CT, which demonstrated the cystic nature of the lesion and
      its communication with an intra abdominal pseudocyst.

PMID- 3699043
TI  - DNA compaction during intense transcription measured by electron microscope
      tomography.
AB  - Thick sections (0.5-1.0 micron) containing pilocarpine-hyperstimulated Balbiani
      ring (BR) genes of Chironomus tentans salivary glands were reconstructed by
      electron microscope tomography (EMT). Six transcription loops were analyzed at
      low resolution permitting a measurement of transcription unit length in situ.
      Comparison of the average transcription unit length with the BR gene coding
      region DNA length yields an estimate of the DNA compaction ratio in situ. The
      estimated DNA compaction ratio (approximately 3-fold) is consistent with a
      significant degree of nucleosome unfolding in the hyperstimulated BR genes.

PMID- 3699044
TI  - Pathways of endocytosis in cultured macrophages. Electron microscopic
      autoradiographic tracing of iodinated plasma membrane proteins.
AB  - Lactoperoxidase-mediated iodination at 4 degrees C--an established method for
      covalent labelling of plasma membrane proteins--and quantitative electron
      microscopic autoradiography were used to follow the pathways of endocytosis in
      mouse macrophages in vitro. Directly after the labelling, the autoradiographic
      grains were concentrated to the cell surface. After warming to 37 degrees C,
      radioactive material was rapidly internalized into cytoplasmic vesicles and
      subsequently transferred to lysosomes as well as to the Golgi complex. Maximum
      grain density (% grains/% volume) over the vesicles was observed after 15 min,
      over the lysosomes after 30 to 45 min and over the Golgi complex after 30 and 90
      min. Throughout the experimental period (120 min), the vesicles showed the
      largest fraction of intracellular grains, but higher grain densities occurred in
      lysosomes as well as in stacked Golgi cisternae and Golgi-associated vesicles. In
      spite of the internalization process, the labelling of the cell surface came to a
      steady state already after 30 min and at all intervals more than 50% of the
      autoradiographic grains were localized to this compartment. About 25% of the cell
      associated radioactivity was lost rapidly with a half-life of 20 to 25 min and
      the remaining 75% slowly with a half-life of 7 to 9 h. The results indicate that
      membrane internalized by endocytosis partly follows a route to the lysosomes and
      that, additionally, there exists a route to and through the Golgi complex. They
      further support earlier notions of a bidirectional traffic between the surface
      and interior of the cell and suggest that recycling of membrane components may
      take place from endocytic vesicles, lysosomes, as well as the Golgi complex.

PMID- 3699045
TI  - Affinity fractionation and characterization of chick brain synaptosomes.
AB  - Chick brain synaptosomes were fractionated by affinity chromatography on
      concanavalin A-Sepharose. Three subfractions were obtained. One, designated UBF,
      was not bound to the affinity adsorbent and represented 36% of the total
      synaptosomal protein treated with the beads. A second fraction, designated BF1,
      adhered to concanavalin A-Sepharose exclusively through its carbohydrate
      recognition site. The third fraction, called BF2, bound to the beads through
      hydrophobic interactions and represented about 20% of the total synaptosomal
      protein. About 20% of the total synaptosomal protein was found to be retarded on
      three ligand-less gels, with potential for only hydrophobic interactions. This
      binding can be reversed, however, by ethylene glycol, a result indicating
      hydrophobic binding sites on the synaptosomes. Enzyme marker studies and electron
      microscopy showed differences between UBF, BF1, and BF2, mainly with respect to
      mitochondrial contamination. Binding studies with [3H]-Con A show the absence of
      Con A-specific carbohydrates from the surface of UBF or BF2. As expected strong
      and specific binding between [3H]-Con A and [3H] BF1 was observed. These findings
      are discussed in relation to a model for the interior working of the
      synaptosomes.

PMID- 3699046
TI  - Atrial pacing in the management of sick sinus syndrome: long-term observation for
      conduction disturbances and supraventricular tachyarrhythmias.
AB  - Atrial pacing (AAI) in sick sinus syndrome (SSS) has been questioned because of
      the risk of distal conduction disturbances (DCD) and atrial tachyarrhythmias. The
      authors studied the incidence of clinically relevant DCD and arrhythmias in 52
      SSS patients with AAI. The observation time was 25-67 (mean 48) months. Invasive
      electrophysiologic investigation was performed preoperatively in 29 cases and
      preoperative atrial pacing to Wenckebach block or to 150 ppm in 23. The
      preoperative investigation showed prolonged HV-time in three cases and Wenckebach
      block at 110 ppm in one case, while six patients had LAH-block, five RBB-block
      and two first degree AV-block. No further DCD developed in any of these patients.
      Second-degree type I AV-block developed in two patients after 2 and 19 months,
      respectively. One had been treated with digitalis and verapamil and was
      asymptomatic. The other patient, who had a low ventricular rate, experienced near
      syncope. These two blocks could not be predicted from the preoperative and
      peroperative investigations. In five patients (10%) permanent atrial fibrillation
      developed during the follow-up period. The incidence of concomitant
      supraventricular tachyarrhythmias in the patients with the bradycardia
      tachycardia syndrome appeared to be unaffected by the pacemaker treatment.

PMID- 3699047
TI  - Ambulatory ECG recording during competitive parachute jumping in apparently
      healthy young men: more evidence for intermittent vagal dominance during enhanced
      sympathetic activity.
AB  - Using two-channel 24-hour ambulatory ECG recording we studied seven healthy young
      men during one day of parachute jumping competition (day 1), as compared to one
      control day (day 2). A symptom limited exercise test was also performed on day 2.
      Maximal heart rates attained during exercise testing were of the same order as
      during parachute jumping. In the phases just prior to 'exit', short periods of
      striking sinus arrhythmia with slow atrial rhythm were present in 3 subjects.
      Only one of these had slow atrial rhythm during the control day. Atrial and
      ventricular premature complexes, when present, disappeared with higher heart
      rates under all circumstances. No AV conduction disturbances were found.

PMID- 3699048
TI  - Radionuclide assessment of a normal left ventricular response to exercise in
      patients without evidence of heart disease.
AB  - The aim of this study was to define normal left ventricular performance at rest
      and during supine bicycle exercise with equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography
      in a normal population other than young healthy volunteers. Thirty-one patients
      (mean age 45 years +/- 9 SD) with chest pain of varying origin and no evidence of
      heart disease proven by means of noninvasive and invasive techniques were
      studied. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at rest averaged 0.64 +/- 0.07
      SD and increased with peak exercise to 0.73 +/- 0.08 SD (P less than 0.005).
      Change in LVEF from rest to maximum exercise ranged within 0-0.19. Six patients
      (19%) failed to augment LVEF with exercise to more than 0.05; none of the
      patients dropped LVEF during exercise. Multivariate analysis revealed no
      significant predictors of LVEF response to exercise. However, there was a
      tendency that resting LVEF and enddiastolic volume index with exercise might
      influence LVEF response to exercise. Peak left ventricular ejection rate (LVER)
      at rest averaged 3.3 s-1 +/- 0.6 SD and increased to 5.1 s-1 +/- 1.1 SD (P less
      than 0.005) with exercise. Peak left ventricular early filling rate (LVFR) was
      2.8 s-1 +/- 0.6 SD at rest and was measured 5.5 s-1 +/- 1.3 SD at maximum
      exercise (P less than 0.005). Left ventricular enddiastolic volume (EDV) did not
      change significantly from rest to maximum exercise, whereas left ventricular
      endsystolic volume (ESV) decreased to 79% +/- 19 SD (P less than 0.01) of the
      value at rest.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3699049
TI  - Reciprocal ST segment changes in acute inferior myocardial infarction: clinical,
      haemodynamic and angiographic implications.
AB  - Reciprocal ST segment changes are frequent during acute inferior myocardial
      infarction, yet their significance remains controversial. In order to investigate
      the implications of these changes, the ECG obtained on admission for 83 patients
      with acute inferior myocardial infarction was compared with the clinical course
      and the results of angiographic and coronary arteriographic studies performed an
      average of 3 weeks after the onset of symptoms. Group 1 consisted of 59 patients
      with at least 1 mm of horizontal on downsloping ST segment depression in at least
      1 of leads V1 to V4. Groups 2 consisted of 24 patients without precordial ST
      depression in this area. Group 1 patients were generally older than group 2
      patients (59.6 +/- 6.4 versus 54 +/- 5.3 yr, P less than 0.01) had higher total
      creatine kinase (CK) levels and MB fractions (1835 +/- 940 versus 875 +/- 305, P
      less than 0.01, 269 +/- 102 versus 95 +/- 35 for MB fraction) and more
      complications during the hospital course (80% versus 38% P less than 0.01) and
      greater left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction 52.2 +/- 6% for group 1
      versus 59.2 +/- 7% for group 2; cardiac index 2.75 +/- 0.41 min-1 m-2 for group 1
      versus 3.25 +/- 0.31 min-1 m-2 for group 2 P less than 0.005). No difference was
      observed on biplane angiography as far as left ventricular wall kinesis was
      concerned.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3699050
TI  - Intravenous acebutolol raises serum potassium in acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - Hypokalaemia commonly occurs in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and may be
      caused by elevated serum levels of adrenaline, allegedly by beta 2-adrenergic
      mediated influx of potassium (K) into cells. We investigated the effect on serum
      K of intravenous acebutolol (a relatively beta 1-selective agent) in 50 patients
      with AMI. Serum K was measured before and 1 hour after drug administration. The
      same measurements were made in a comparable control group of 30 patients who did
      not receive the drug. Mean serum K rose from 3.58 to 3.81 mEq/l (P less than
      0.005) in the treated group. No significant change occurred in the control group.
      The rise in serum K could not be correlated with prior beta-blocker therapy, zone
      of infarction, prior diuretic therapy, or gender of the patient. We conclude that
      the administration of intravenous acebutolol after AMI raises serum K, despite
      the fact that this beta receptor blocking agent is relatively beta 1-selective.
      Since hypokalaemia is associated with an increased risk of ventricular
      fibrillation, it should no longer be assumed from acute intervention trials with
      beta-blockers in AMI which had mortality or arrhythmias as end-points, that
      beneficial effects were necessarily due to limitation of infarct size or to a
      direct anti-arrhythmic action of the drugs. Future trials should take the effect
      on serum K levels into consideration.

PMID- 3699051
TI  - Haemodynamic effects of pharmacological doses of secretin in patients with
      impaired left ventricular function.
AB  - The haemodynamic effects of secretin 4 CU/kg.h was studied in seven patients with
      impaired left ventricular function. Cardiac output (P less than 0.01) and stroke
      volume (P less than 0.05) increased persistently during the infusion period,
      whereas the total systemic resistance fell (P less than 0.01). Heart rate
      increased slightly (P less than 0.01). The systemic arterial pressure was
      unchanged except for a small, transient reduction at the onset of the infusion (P
      less than 0.01). The pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, the pulmonary artery
      pressure and the pulmonary arteriolar resistance were unaltered. In patients with
      depressed cardiac function, pharmacological doses of secretin increased left
      ventricular performance by means of arteriolar dilation and a positive inotropic
      effect is also suggested.

PMID- 3699052
TI  - Effects of intravenous ajmaline on atrial excitability and conduction in man.
AB  - Slow conduction of early extrastimuli and short refractory periods are some of
      the factors underlying atrial fibrillation in man. In order to study the effect
      of ajmaline, a class I antiarrhythmic agent, on these variables, we have
      performed electrophysiologic studies in 13 patients with and without atrial
      arrhythmias, before and after the intravenous administration of 1 mg kg-1 of
      ajmaline chlorhydrate. During paced rhythm with a 600 ms cycle length,
      extrastimuli were applied to the right atrial appendage, and conduction to the
      low septal right atrium and the coronary sinus were measured. Ajmaline prolonged
      P wave duration from 111 +/- 15 to 140 +/- 24 ms (P less than 0.001), conduction
      of baseline stimuli to low septal right atrium from 69 +/- 14 to 95 +/- 21 ms (P
      less than 0.001) and to coronary sinus from 127 +/- 18 to 165 +/- 29 ms (P less
      than 0.001). Atrial effective refractory period increased from 207 +/- 23 to 255
      +/- 27 ms (P less than 0.001). Maximum conduction delay of early extrastimuli
      decreased at the low septal right atrium from 43 +/- 22 to 29 +/- 16 ms (P less
      than 0.25) and at the coronary sinus from 47 +/- 22 to 21 +/- 14 ms (P less than
      0.001). These results show interesting electrophysiologic effects of ajmaline on
      atrial tissue, with reversion of some of the abnormalities underlying atrial
      fibrillation, and suggest an antiarrhythmic effect.

PMID- 3699053
TI  - Mitral valve aneurysm formation documented by cross-sectional echocardiography.
AB  - We report a case of mitral valve aneurysm secondary to Streptococcus viridans
      endocarditis of the mitral valve. Cross-sectional echocardiography demonstrated
      an initial thickening of the anterior mitral leaflet which evolved further into
      an aneurysm. Surgery showed that this lesion had subsequently perforated. This
      case highlights the ability of echocardiography to detect gradual anatomic
      changes in the course of bacterial endocarditis. The diagnosis of such
      abnormalities might have important therapeutical implications and might lead to a
      more aggressive surgical approach.

PMID- 3699054
TI  - An unusual cardiac consequence of pancreatitis.

PMID- 3699055
TI  - Endometriosis of the omentum and borderline ovarian malignancy.
AB  - A symptomatic pelvic-abdominal mass in a 29 year old female was found to be
      bilateral ovarian serous cystadenomata of borderline malignancy. In addition, a
      thickened region of the omentum was removed and proved to be endometriosis.
      Endometriosis of the omentum is rarely reported and this case may mark a unique
      association with ovarian serous cystadenoma of borderline malignancy. The
      possible origins of omental endometriosis include metastasis and metaplasia.
      Omental endometriosis is rare and should be included in the differential
      diagnosis of omental tumors.

PMID- 3699056
TI  - Prevention by hypothermic cap of antiblastic induced-alopecia.
AB  - Adriamycin, one of most effective antitumor drugs, is characterized by high
      toxicity. The adriamycin-induced alopecia is frequent (80-97% of patients) and
      rapidly shows itself (already after first treatment). Such toxic effect, so
      unpleasant particularly to female patients, was largely prevented in our
      experience (Gynecological Oncology Service) with the utilization of hypothermic
      caps. These caps, reducing the drug absorption above the scalp, allows limiting
      the hair loss. The result obtained (reduction of severe alopecia in 34% of
      patients) encourage the use of such a method to improve the life quality of
      patients.

PMID- 3699057
TI  - Evaluation of circulating immune complexes (C.I.C.) in endometrial cancer.
AB  - We evaluated the presence of CIC in 32 patients with histological proven cancer
      of endometrium: 23 stage IA or IB (i.e. localized disease), 9 in stage II or III
      (i.e. advanced disease). The determination of CIC was done at the time of the
      diagnosis before the patients underwent any surgical or medical therapy. The
      presence of CIC was demonstrated in 17% (4/23) of the patients with localized
      disease and in 56% (9/9) of the patients with more advanced disease. Our findings
      indicate that the presence of CIC is higher in patients with advanced endometrial
      carcinoma (stage II, III), than in those suffering of a more limited disease
      (stage IA, IB) and this seems could be consistent with a possible role in
      modulating the immune response against tumour itself.

PMID- 3699058
TI  - Sex steroid receptors in transformed human cervical tissue.
AB  - Investigation of the binding affinity, the concentration and the DNA binding
      ability of the sex steroid receptors in transformed human cervical tissue has
      shown considerable changes in comparison to normal specimens. Lower level of
      hormone receptors and higher dissociation constants are the essential
      characteristics of the majority of analysed transformed tissue specimens. The DNA
      binding of steroid-receptor complexes is in agreement with mentionated data.
      These preliminary results are just one more evidence on the existence of
      relationship between modified properties of sex steroid receptors and different
      histological alterations of their target tissues. Further investigations are
      necessary to make some conclusion about the possible involvement of estrogen and
      progesterone receptors in pathological transformation of the portio vaginalis
      uteri.

PMID- 3699059
TI  - Correlation between mammographic and thermographic patterns. Use of thermography
      as a possible pre-screening procedure in patients at risk for breast cancer.
AB  - The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between mammographic
      patterns according to Wolfe's classification and thermographic vascular patterns.
      The Authors report the results of their experience in 154 cases.

PMID- 3699060
TI  - Value of the new "Endopap" device for the cytological detection of endometrial
      precancerous lesions.
AB  - The efficacy of a new device, "the Endopap" endometrial cell sampler in obtaining
      specimens for cytological examination to detect precursors of malignancy of the
      endometrium was assessed in 140 asymptomatic and sympomatic women. The
      cytological results as compared with hystological diagnosis on curettage
      specimens by Novak cannula. The cytological criteria for diagnosis of samples
      obtained with the Endopap device are presented.

PMID- 3699061
TI  - Verification of Fourier phase and amplitude values from simulated heart motion
      using a hydrodynamic cardiac model.
AB  - Using pusher-plate-type artificial hearts, changes in the degree of synchrony and
      stroke volume were compared to phase and amplitude calculations from the first
      Fourier component of individual-pixel time-activity curves generated from gated
      radionuclide images (RNA) of these hearts. In addition, the ability of Fourier
      analysis to quantify paradoxical volume shifts was tested using a ventricular
      aneurysm model by which the Fourier amplitude was correlated to known increments
      of paradoxical volume. Predetermined phase-angle differences (incremental
      increases in asynchrony) and the mean phase-angle difference calculated from RNAs
      showed an agreement of -7 degrees +/- 4.4 degrees (mean +/- SD). A strong
      correlation was noted between stroke volume and Fourier amplitude (r = 0.98; P
      less than 0.0001) as well as between the paradoxical volume accepted by the
      'aneurysm' and the Fourier amplitude (r = 0.97; P less than 0.0001). The degree
      of asynchrony and changes in stroke volume were accurately reflected by the
      Fourier phase and amplitude values, respectively. In the specific case of
      ventricular aneurysms, the data demonstrate that using this method, the
      paradoxically moving areas may be localized, and the expansile volume within
      these regions can be quantified.

PMID- 3699062
TI  - Prognostic investigations after myocardial infarction: a comparison of
      radionuclide angiography and 201Tl scintigraphy.
AB  - The ability of pre-discharge thallium Tl201 scintigraphy and radionuclide
      angiography (RNA) to predict subsequent cardiac events was investigated in 46
      apparently low-risk survivors of a first acute myocardial infarction. All
      patients underwent selective coronary arteriography at 3 months post-discharge.
      At the time of the initial investigation, half were beta-blocked, and thereafter,
      all patients were given prophylactic beta-blockade. During a mean follow-up
      period of 12 +/- 4 months, 14 patients (30%) experienced cardiac events, i.e.
      recurrent myocardial infarction (3 patients), angina pectoris (13 patients) and
      coronary surgery (8 patients). No patient died during the follow-up period. Of
      the 14 with subsequent cardiac events, 11 were identified by the presence of a
      reversible perfusion defect at 201Tl scintigraphy, while 7 exhibited abnormal
      left ventricular exercise reserve on RNA. The predictive accuracy of 201Tl (85%)
      for subsequent cardiac events exceeded that of RNA (56%; P less than 0.01) and of
      arteriographic multi-vessel disease (65%; P less than 0.05). The sensitivity of
      the non-invasive techniques was not influenced by beta-blockade at the time of
      investigation. Thus, 201Tl scintigraphy appears to be the more accurate technique
      for the assessment of the prognosis of apparently low-risk patients following
      myocardial infarction. The accuracy of the technique was not reduced by beta
      adrenergic blockade.

PMID- 3699063
TI  - Whole-bowel transit in patients with the irritable bowel syndrome.
AB  - The transit of radiolabelled preparations through the stomach, small intestine
      and colon was monitored in ten patients with the irritable bowel syndrome. Five
      patients complained of diarrhoea, and five complained of constipation. The
      preparations comprised a non-disintegrating capsule and a multiparticulate
      system. Both preparations emptied from the stomach together and at the same rates
      in both groups of patients. In the patients complaining of constipation, the
      transit times through the small intestine were the same for both preparations. In
      the patients complaining of diarrhoea, the capsule passed through the small
      intestine slightly faster than the particles, but there were no significant
      differences in the small-intestinal transit rates of the two patient groups.
      Within the colon, the transit of the capsule was faster than that of the small
      particles. Although movement through the colon was, on average, faster in the
      group of patients complaining of diarrhoea, there was considerable intersubject
      variability, and the differences in transit rates between the two patient groups
      were not statistically significant.

PMID- 3699064
TI  - Iodinated cholylglycyltyrosine: a new agent for hepatobiliary imaging.
AB  - The characteristics of radiolabelled cholylglycyltyrosine (CGT), a recently
      synthesised bile acid, were studied. 125I-CGT-Na was found to have a short plasma
      half-life of 1.6 +/- 0.4 min in rats and 3.1 +/- 0.7 min in dogs. Biliary
      clearance studies showed the cumulative biliary output of the tracer over 20 min
      in rats to be 95.7% of the total dose administered, with a mean biliary transit
      time (50% retention time) of 4.0 +/- 0.1 min, i.e. similar to the biliary
      kinetics of taurocholate. 131I-CGT-Na proved to be satisfactory for hepatobiliary
      imaging in rats and dogs at doses of 35 microCi (1.3 MBq) in rats and 90 microCi
      (3.3 MBq) in dogs. Satisfactory hepatic images were also obtained in rats that
      had high bilirubin levels produced by obstruction or the recycling of bile. These
      results show that CGT has better pharmacokinetics than currently used
      hepatobiliary imaging agents, and that this new compound may be useful in
      scintigraphy even in the presence of jaundice.

PMID- 3699066
TI  - Assessment of esophageal transit of liquid.

PMID- 3699065
TI  - Tumor uptake of 67Ga-carrying liposomes.
AB  - The in vivo distribution, excretion, and tumor localization of liposome
      encapsulated 67Ga in normal and Ehrlich tumor (solid form)-bearing mice were
      studied. In normal mice, multilamellar vesicles (MLVs) were taken up mainly by
      the liver and spleen, whereas small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) exhibited a
      broader tissue distribution. When 67Ga was encapsulated in MLVs or SUVs, the
      excretion of the radiotracer in the urine and feces was less than that observed
      for free tracer at 72 h after i.v. administration. In tumor-bearing mice, SUVs
      were found to accumulate preferentially in tumors. The tumor uptake of neutral,
      positive, and negative SUVs was 10%-13% of the administered dose per gram of
      tumor tissue at 24 h after their injection. These values were about three times
      higher than those found for free 67Ga-nitrilotriacetic acid (67Ga-NTA) or 67Ga
      citrate. Significant differences in tumor uptake due to different surface charges
      of liposomes were not observed. Enhanced tumor-to-blood and tumor-to-muscle
      ratios were also observed at 24 h after injection. These results suggest that
      67Ga-carrying liposomes may be a useful for tumor imaging.

PMID- 3699067
TI  - Electrophysiological study of the snout reflex in normal subjects and in
      parkinsonian and pseudobulbar patients.
AB  - The snout reflex appeared to be electrophysiologically present in a great
      majority of normal subjects. Nevertheless, a facilitation of the R2 responses of
      the snout reflex was found in parkinsonian patients while in pseudobulbar
      patients an augmentation of the R1 took place. The snout reflex, therefore,
      seemed to behave in a similar way as the blink reflex. In order to explain the
      reported findings the authors took into account the different effects of the
      lesions of the lateral and ventral motor system upon the oligo- and multisynaptic
      reflexes.

PMID- 3699068
TI  - Sphenoid sinusitis presenting as chronic meningitis.
AB  - Sphenoid sinusitis is a frequently misdiagnosed infection. Delay in recognition
      and treatment carries a very poor prognosis. An unusual case of sphenoid
      sinusitis mimicking a syndrome of chronic meningitis is presented. This case
      emphasizes the diagnostic challenge of sphenoid sinusitis which may present only
      through its complications.

PMID- 3699069
TI  - Kennedy disease in an Italian kindred.
AB  - An X-linked adult-onset neurogenic muscular atrophy, chiefly proximal, with late
      involvement of the distal musculature and medulla oblongata was present in 4
      members of a single kindred. Associated in all patients were gynecomastia,
      impotence and essential tremor. Frederickson type IV hyperlipemia was present in
      1 patient. Hormonal stimulation tests in 2 patients elicited a borderline low
      testicular response in the younger of the 2 and a pathological response in the
      older patient. On the evidence of these and previously reported cases, Kennedy
      disease would appear to be characterized by an X-linked proximal neurogenic
      amyotrophy of adult onset and by a testicular endocrine deficit.

PMID- 3699070
TI  - Diagnostic problems in multiple sclerosis. Two cases with clinical diagnosis of
      MS showing only a diffusely growing malignant astrocytoma.
AB  - Two cases are presented with a long clinical history of multiple sclerosis (MS)
      before the diagnosis of an intracranial brain tumor. In the subsequent brain
      autopsy, however, both cases presented a diffusely growing anaplastic
      astrocytoma, only, and no changes similar to MS were seen. Diffuse tumor growth
      was noted in periventricular brain tissue and extended down to pons or medulla.
      Immunohistochemically, a positive staining for glial fibrillar acidic protein was
      observed in both cases and in the second case, which presented an increased
      amount of cerebrospinal fluid IgG, also a positive staining for immunoglobulins
      was seen. These case histories and subsequent neuropathological findings are
      presented as examples of diagnostic difficulties in MS, especially in cases with
      diffusely growing gliomas.

PMID- 3699071
TI  - Unilateral asterixis: case report and comments.
AB  - Asterixis is usually bilateral. Occasionally, it may appear unilaterally.
      Hemiasterixis following infarction of the contralateral midbrain and thalamus is
      described. Mechanisms of asterixis and brain lesions associated with its
      unilateral appearance are reviewed. The mesodiencephalon is frequently implicated
      by the lesion either directly or indirectly, suggesting the importance of this
      structure in posture regulation.

PMID- 3699072
TI  - Partial disconnection syndrome following penetrating stab wound of the brain.
AB  - A case of callosal disconnection syndrome caused by a penetrating stab wound of
      the brain is reported. A portion of the genu and the inferior splenium of the
      corpus callosum were sectioned by an ice pick without any other significant
      cerebral damage. We could detect incomplete disconnection left visual alexia by
      tachistoscopy. It would now appear that the inferior part of the splenium has a
      significant functional role in transmitting visual verbal codes from the right to
      the left cerebral hemisphere, but the remaining superior fibers of the splenium
      may carry some information, albeit less efficiently than the intact structure.

PMID- 3699073
TI  - [Diagnosis and therapy of Churg-Strauss allergic granulomatosis].
AB  - Three cases of allergic granulomatosis (Churg-Strauss syndrome) are reported. The
      patients all presented 2-10 years after the onset of pulmonary symptoms with a
      mononeuritis multiplex, accompanied by sharp pain in the extremities involved. In
      one patient, the neurological findings improved under treatment with corticoids
      and cyclophosphamide; the other two patients responded to treatment with
      thioguanine and cytarabine. In the first patient, the diagnosis was confirmed by
      a biopsy specimen of the sural nerve.

PMID- 3699074
TI  - Caffeine-induced cerebral blood flow changes in schizophrenia.
AB  - Cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements and mental status examinations were
      performed before and 30 min after oral administration of 250 mg of caffeine or a
      placebo given under double-blind conditions, in two groups of patients with
      schizophrenia. Caffeine produced significant CBF reductions but no changes in the
      patient's clinical condition.

PMID- 3699075
TI  - [Effect of task complexity on cerebral organic reaction impairments--brain damage
      or patient effect?].
AB  - The contradictory results concerning the influence of task complexity on reaction
      time impairments following brain damage were reconsidered in this study. Patients
      with damage of the right or left cerebral hemispheres, as well as neurological
      patients without CNS lesions and normal controls were examined by four reaction
      tasks of varying complexity, a simple visual or auditory task and a choice
      reaction task. While there was no statistical interaction between the task
      complexity and group effects for the brain-damaged and non-brain-damaged
      patients, comparison of the performance of brain-damaged patients and normal
      controls revealed such an interaction. Furthermore, the patients with damage of
      the right cerebral hemisphere showed a more distinct impairment of reaction time
      with the simple visual reaction task, while the patients with damage of the left
      cerebral hemisphere showed a more distinct impairment with the choice reaction
      task. These results are discussed in connection with several self-evaluations of
      the patients' performance and state of health.

PMID- 3699076
TI  - [Ecologic factors and risk of rehospitalization of psychotic patients].
AB  - The present study investigates the relationship between ecological factors and
      the community tenure patients with functional psychoses. Data were gathered from
      the records of three psychiatric hospitals in the city of Hamburg. The analysis
      controls for the effects of sociodemographic variables and variables pertaining
      to the last impatient treatment. Variations in readmission rates can be explained
      by the latter to a certain extent, but only poorly by sociodemographic variables
      and hardly at all by ecological factors. These findings are discussed with
      respect to the methodological limitations of the study and as substantive
      results. Two lines of interpretation are offered. Firstly, equal readmission
      rates may have been caused by different sets of ecological factors; secondly,
      patients released from mental hospital may be relatively insusceptible to the
      impact of ecological factors.

PMID- 3699077
TI  - 100 years of DSM-III paranoia. How stable a diagnosis over time?
AB  - Modified stricter criteria for DSM-III paranoia were fulfilled by 63 (37%) of 169
      Heidelberg probands given a diagnosis of "Case Record Paranoia" (CRP) during a
      100-year period (1878-1977). Clinical findings were chiefly interpreted in light
      of the controversial issues of age, illness duration and type of delusional
      content pertinent to the formulation of a present-day valid definition for this
      disorder. With respect to diagnostic consistency over time, 56% of DSM-III
      paranoia cases with at least one further Heidelberg admission proved to be non
      stable, non-consistency being overwhelmingly due to a change in a DSM-III
      schizophrenic direction.

PMID- 3699078
TI  - Colorectal cancer: incidence, delay in diagnosis and stage of disease.
AB  - In a study of 445 patients with colorectal cancer referred to our center during a
      3-yr period, we investigated the following parameters and their
      interrelationships: sex, marital status, ethnic origin, place of residence, stage
      of disease, delay in diagnosis and factors responsible for delay. Localized
      disease was found in 52% of the patients, regional disease in 29% and metastatic
      disease in 19%. The incidence of colorectal cancer was significantly higher in
      Jews of European (occidental) descent than in Jews of Asian or North African
      (oriental) descent or in Arabs. The median and mean ages were significantly
      higher in the occidental than in the oriental Jewish group and significantly
      lower in the Arabs than in the oriental Jews. Diagnosis was delayed for more than
      6 weeks in 52% of the patients. Responsibility for the delay could be attributed
      to the patient in 54% of these cases and to the physician in 47%. Administrative
      factors were responsible for the delay in 26%. (In 27% of the above delayers
      there was more than one agent responsible for the delay.) On average, patients in
      whom diagnosis was delayed had more advanced disease than those without delay.
      Also, patients with advanced disease had a longer delay on average than those
      with localized disease. The stage of disease at diagnosis was more advanced in
      the oriental than in the occidental Jews. No correlations were found between
      delay in diagnosis and either age or sex. There were more widowers with delay
      (21%) than with no delay (16%). In patients living outside Haifa delay was more
      prolonged than in those residing in the city. Educational programs aimed at the
      population at risk of developing neoplasm and especially at those likely to
      undergo delay in diagnosis are recommended. Postgraduate courses should be
      designed to instruct physicians on how to minimize delay in diagnosis.

PMID- 3699079
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of dianhydrogalactitol DAG in patients: a
      comparison with the human disposition of dibromodulcitol DBD.
AB  - Dianhydrogalactitol (DAG), labelled with 3H, was administered in single
      intravenous or oral doses to six patients (three in each group) with cancer.
      Kinetic parameters were calculated for the unchanged DAG and its
      biotransformation products. Elimination of the drug by metabolism and excretion
      was described by a catenary model. In order to elucidate the role of DAG as a
      mediator of the alkylating action of the cytostatic drug dibromodulcitol (DBD),
      the pharmacokinetic parameters of DAG and DBD were compared. The mean residence
      time for pharmacologically active molecules in the body was six times shorter for
      DAG (1.9 hr) than for DBD (11.4 hr). Alkylating action and metabolic degradation
      proceeded about 8-9 times faster for DAG than for DBD. The process of DBD
      alkylation implies a slow solvolytic conversion of the parent drug into the more
      reactive bromoepoxide and DAG. The preformed DAG would be rapidly consumed by
      intracellular alkylation and degradation, while unchanged DBD could form a depot
      in the cells and exert its cytostatic activity through the epoxides released in
      situ by solvolytic activation. Thus DBD entering the cells in unchanged form may
      have a more important role in its therapeutic effects than had been assumed
      earlier.

PMID- 3699080
TI  - Comparison between VP 16 and VM 26 in Lewis lung carcinoma of the mouse.
AB  - The antitumoral activity and pharmacokinetics of VP 16 and VM 26 were
      comparatively investigated in Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL)-bearing mice. When the
      two drugs were given at equitoxic doses, in single or repeated treatment, the
      superior antitumoral activity of VM 26 was clear. Compared to VP 16, VM 26 had a
      different pattern of distribution, with a larger volume of distribution, a longer
      elimination half-life time and a lower clearance. The tissue to plasma AUC ratios
      indicated that VM 26 concentrated more in tumor and heart while VP 16 gave
      highest concentrations in liver and intestine. Flow cytometry studies showed that
      VM 26 was more potent than VP 16 in causing cell cycle perturbation of 3LL cells
      growing in primary culture. VM 26 displayed cytotoxic activity at a concentration
      in the medium one-tenth that of VP 16. The uptake of VM 26 by 3LL cells was 15
      times that of VP 16.

PMID- 3699081
TI  - Bone marrow toxicity of cyclophosphazenes is related to their structure and the
      treatment schedule.
AB  - For three aziridinyl-substituted inorganic heterocycles belonging to the
      cyclophosphazene group, the tendency for cumulative bone marrow toxicity was
      studied in mice. In a one-day regimen, one of these drugs, gem-N3P3Az4Pyr2 (Az =
      aziridinyl, Pyr = pyrrolidinyl) (AZX), led to an increased death rate after a
      repeated injection, the number of bone marrow stem cells (CFUgm) being decreased
      5 weeks after the second injection of this drug. In a four-day regimen two drugs,
      (NPAz2)2 NSOAz (Soaz) and AZX, led to an increased death rate after the second
      treatment course. In surviving animals leucocyte and thrombocyte counts were
      significantly lower in the second than in the first course. CFUgm counts were
      decreased for both drugs. For the third drug, trans-N3P3(Az)2(NHMe)4 (AZP), no
      evidence of cumulative bone marrow toxicity was demonstrated. It is suggested
      that whereas cytostatic activity of these compounds seems to be comparable, their
      tendency to cause cumulative marrow toxicity may vary.

PMID- 3699082
TI  - Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alkaline phosphatase in progressive colorectal
      cancer with special reference to patient survival.
AB  - The prognostic value of serial CEA tests was evaluated in 175 consecutive
      patients with progressive colorectal cancer who subsequently died of their
      disease. The upper normal plasma CEA limit was determined to be 8 ng/ml from
      serial CEA determinations in 31 patients radically operated on for colorectal
      cancer and observed in median 40 months without evidence of recurrence. A CEA
      value of greater than 8 ng/ml was highly suggestive of residual disease or
      recurrence, even when no clinical evidence was present. Approximately 90% of the
      patients dying from colorectal cancer showed an increase in CEA to greater than 8
      ng/ml during the course of the disease. In 63% of the patients CEA increase
      preceded clinical progression or relapse, with a median time period of 4 months.
      Sixty-eight per cent of the patients had rising CEA values over an extended time
      period of many months, 14% had a preterminal increase, 13% had constantly normal
      and 5% constantly elevated CEA. As 6/9 patients developed a drop in CEA in
      relation to initiation of chemotherapy without clinical response, it is concluded
      that CEA is not a reliable indicator of clinical response to chemotherapy.
      Patients with liver metastases had higher CEA and alkaline phosphatase levels
      than patients with only localized disease. However, no good statistical
      correlation between CEA and serum alkaline phosphatase was found in patients with
      liver metastases (coefficient of correlation r = 0.35). An increase in CEA from
      normal to above 8 ng/ml predicted a decrease in survival time of median 60%
      counted from the time of diagnosis. The numerical CEA value was predictive of
      shortening of survival only when greater than 3000 ng/ml. Such high values were
      observed only in a minority of the patients (12%). Greater than 1000 U/l (27% of
      the patients) alkaline phosphatase predicted an extremely poor prognosis, with a
      median survival of 1 month (range 0.5-4 months). It is concluded that a rise in
      CEA to greater than 8 ng/ml indicates with high degree of certainty relapse or
      disease progression in colorectal cancer patients. CEA is not a reliable
      indicator of clinical response to chemotherapy, and an increase in the CEA level
      is of little prognostic value concerning survival. Alkaline phosphatase seems to
      be a more valuable predictor of a worsening of prognosis.

PMID- 3699083
TI  - In search of excellence: instruction that works in special education classrooms.

PMID- 3699084
TI  - Effective schools, classrooms, and instruction: implications for special
      education.

PMID- 3699085
TI  - Practicing effective instruction: the Exemplary Center for Reading Instruction
      approach.

PMID- 3699086
TI  - Precision teaching--precision learning.

PMID- 3699087
TI  - Classwide peer tutoring.

PMID- 3699088
TI  - Peer social initiations: effective intervention for social skills development of
      exceptional children.

PMID- 3699089
TI  - Learning strategies: an instructional alternative for low-achieving adolescents.

PMID- 3699090
TI  - The human immune response against major allergens from house dust mite,
      Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. II. Idiotypic cross-reactions of allergen
      specific antibodies.
AB  - Antisera were prepared in rabbits against the idiotypic (Id) determinants of
      antiallergen antibodies. These antibodies were isolated from the plasma of 10
      unrelated patients by immunoabsorption. Three major allergens isolated from the
      house dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DPT), were used. The anti-Id
      antisera were rendered specific by successive absorption on insolubilized
      allergens, IgG and IgM from a pool of human sera and Ig from the donor after
      removal of anti-DPT antibodies by absorption. Anti-Id antibodies raised
      essentially against IgG antibodies were found to inhibit the agglutinating
      activity of both IgG and IgM anti-DPT antibodies toward allergen-coated latex.
      These anti-Id antibodies were also able to inhibit partly the binding of
      radiolabeled allergen to IgE anti-DPT antibodies. Matching the anti-Id antisera
      with the various individual anti-DPT antibodies revealed an Id cross-reactivity
      of about 71% for IgG, 61% for IgM and 62% for IgE. A second and predominant type
      of anti-Id antibodies recognized bystander idiotopes as the allergen did not
      inhibit Id-anti-Id reaction. These idiotopes were apparently more specific to
      individuals (private) as the anti-DPT antibodies of a given patient did not
      agglutinate latex particles coated with anti-Id antibodies prepared against Id of
      another patient.

PMID- 3699091
TI  - Apomorphine enantiomers' effects on dopamine metabolism: receptor and non
      receptor related actions.
AB  - The enantiomers of apomorphine (APO) inhibited dopamine synthesis in rat striatal
      synaptosomes, with R(-)-APO being about twice as potent as S(+)-APO. Sulpiride, a
      DA receptor antagonist, partially antagonized the inhibitory effects of only (-)
      APO, suggesting that (-)-APO's, but not (+)-APO's, effects on dopamine synthesis
      may be at least partially receptor-mediated. The addition of 6-methyl-5,6,7,8
      tetrahydrobiopterine (6-MPH4), an artificial cofactor for tyrosine hydroxylase,
      partially antagonized the inhibitory effects of both enantiomers, being
      considerably more effective against the (+)enantiomer. These data suggest that
      the APO enantiomers may directly inhibit enzymes within the synaptosome which
      regulate dopamine synthesis. Furthermore, investigations measuring DA synthesis
      rates in synaptosomes that had been pre-incubated with (-)-APO and then washed to
      remove the (-)-APO in the medium, indicate that (-)-APO may be retained by
      synaptosomes. Preliminary studies measuring the accumulation of [3H](-)-APO by
      synaptosomes also suggest that synaptosomes can accumulate APO. Although both APO
      enantiomers suppressed DA synthesis in vitro, only (-)-APO reduced striatal DA
      metabolite concentrations in vivo, and this reduction was prevented by
      haloperidol, a DA receptor antagonist. In addition, 6-MPH4 prevented the decrease
      in the DA metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) produced by (-)-APO
      but not the decrease in the DA metabolite homovanillic acid (HVA).

PMID- 3699092
TI  - Motor effects of calcitonin administered intracerebroventricularly in the rat.
AB  - In rats treated with salmon calcitonin (CT) administered
      intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v., 85 or 8.5 pmol), spasmodic body movements,
      hopping and tail jerks, collectively termed dyskinesia, appeared within 1 h of
      administration and persisted for at least 24 h. In addition, spontaneous
      grooming, rearing and locomotion occurred less often in CT-treated rats than in
      vehicle-injected animals, while the incidence of both sniffing and nose poking
      remained essentially unchanged. The CT failed to displace either [3H]dopamine or
      [3H]spiperone from striatal membranes, and the behavioral effects were not
      blocked by haloperidol or SCH 23390, suggesting that the peptide did not directly
      affect dopamine receptors. The dyskinesia was not blocked by scopolamine,
      atropine, muscimol, diazepam or ketanserin. These data are consistent with the
      hypothesis that a compound with recognition characteristics similar to those of
      salmon CT may function as a neurotransmitter-modulator in the central nervous
      system.

PMID- 3699093
TI  - Electrophysiological study of alinidine in voltage clamped rabbit sino-atrial
      node cells.
AB  - Electrophysiological effects of alinidine on rabbit sino-atrial node cells were
      examined. Alinidine was applied in concentrations between 0.3 and 100
      micrograms/ml and decreased the spontaneous frequency in a dose-dependent manner.
      The maximum rate of rise and the amplitude of action potentials of the
      spontaneously beating rabbit sino-atrial node were decreased in the presence of
      alinidine concentrations higher than 10 and 100 micrograms/ml, respectively. The
      maximum diastolic potential was depolarized by alinidine at 100 micrograms/ml.
      The main effect of alinidine was a dose-dependent decrease in slope of diastolic
      depolarization (a prolongation of the cycle length) and a delayed repolarization
      of the action potential. In voltage clamp experiments, alinidine suppressed the
      slow inward current (Is) and the outward current (Ik) dose dependently, without
      altering steady-state inactivation of Is (f infinity) and the activation of Ik (p
      infinity). The hyperpolarization-activated inward current (Ih) was also reduced.
      These results suggested that alinidine decreased Is, Ik and Ih due to reduction
      in the conductance of these current systems. The changes in the ionic currents in
      the presence of alinidine can explain the changes in configuration of the action
      potential and must contribute to the negative chronotropic action of alinidine.

PMID- 3699094
TI  - Chronically administered morphine increases dopamine receptor sensitivity in
      mice.
AB  - Chronic morphine treatment has been suggested to cause the development of
      supersensitive dopamine receptors. This increase in sensitivity was detected as a
      hypersensitivity in direct-acting dopamine agonists and as an increase in the
      affinity of dopamine receptors. However, these binding studies were performed in
      animals which had been withdrawn from morphine for a period of 24-48 h prior to
      killing. In the present study mice were implanted with pellets containing 75 mg
      of morphine free base. The pellets were left in situ in all experiments. One
      group of mice exhibited an increased sensitivity to apomorphine 72 h following
      pellet implantation as evidenced by a decrease in the ED50 of apomorphine for
      inducing cage climbing behavior. A second matched group of mice was found to have
      a significant increase in whole brain [3H]spiroperidol binding sites. These
      results suggest that chronic morphine treatment can cause the development of
      central supersensitive dopamine receptors. Lithium administered concurrently with
      the morphine attenuated the increased sensitivity to apomorphine and the increase
      in the number of [3H]spiroperidol binding sites. Concurrent lithium treatment
      also facilitated the degree of analgesic tolerance, and naloxone-induced
      withdrawal hypothermia. The ability of lithium to enhance analgesic tolerance
      while simultaneously attenuating the increase in dopamine receptors suggests that
      alterations in dopamine receptors might modify the degree of analgesic tolerance
      which develops to chronic morphine administration, or might modify the animal's
      response to thermal stimuli. The mechanism by which lithium enhanced naloxone
      induced hypothermia is presently unknown.

PMID- 3699095
TI  - Effect of GABAergic drugs in the behavioral 'despair' test in rats.
AB  - Aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA, 25 mg/kg i.p.), muscimol (2 mg/kg i.p.) and 4,5,6,7
      tetrahydroisooxazol-[4,5-c]-pyridin-3-ol (THIP, 5 and 10 mg/kg s.c.), but not
      baclofen (10 mg/kg i.p.) administered three times (24, 5 and 1 h before the test)
      decreased the immobility time of rats in the behavioral 'despair' test. At these
      doses, AOAA, muscimol and THIP reduced motor activity. Muscimol (2 mg/kg) and
      THIP (5 and 10 mg/kg) exerted the antiimmobility effect even after single dosing
      1 h before the test. Picrotoxin (1 and 2 mg/kg i.p.), but not bicuculline (2
      mg/kg i.p.), prevented the effect of both muscimol and THIP in the behavioral
      'despair' test.

PMID- 3699096
TI  - PK 11195 antagonism of pyrethroid-induced proconvulsant activity.
AB  - The acute administration of 1R,cis, alpha S-cypermethrin, deltamethrin
      fenvalerate and permethrin produced a dose-dependent lowering of the dose of
      pentylenetetrazol required to elicit a seizure in rats. The proconvulsant action
      of cypermethrin displayed stereospecificity in that the 1R, cis, alpha S isomer
      of cypermethrin was the most potent compound tested, while the non-insecticidal
      isomer, 1S,cis, alpha R-cypermethrin, was devoid of proconvulsant activity.
      Pretreatment of rats with PK 11195, an antagonist of the peripheral-type
      benzodiazepine binding site, elicited a complete reversal of the proconvulsant
      actions of both deltamethrin and permethrin. In contrast, pretreatment with
      phenytoin did not alter the pyrethroid-induced proconvulsant activity. These
      results suggest that the effects of pyrethroids on pentylenetetrazol seizure
      threshold are mediated via an interaction with peripheral-type benzodiazepine
      binding sites.

PMID- 3699097
TI  - Tolerance to anti-pentylenetetrazol effects following chronic diazepam.
AB  - Continuous release of diazepam from subcutaneously implanted silastic capsules
      provided significant protection against pentylenetetrazol seizures in rats for up
      to 3 weeks. However, the degree of protection seen after 3 weeks of exposure to
      diazepam was significantly less than after 1 h. These data suggest that
      continuous exposure to constant low levels of diazepam results in the development
      of partial tolerance which is not sufficient to eliminate significant
      anticonvulsant effects.

PMID- 3699098
TI  - Pre- and postsynaptic bradykinin responses in the rat vas deferens: asymmetric
      distribution of the postsynaptic effect.
AB  - The application of bradykinin to isolated segments of the epididymal or prostatic
      portion of the rat vas deferens increased the basal muscular tension mainly of
      the epididymal portion of the organ. Upon low frequency transmural electrical
      stimulation, the epididymal and the prostatic end of the organ both reacted to
      the application of bradykinin with an increase of twitch height. The increase in
      muscular tension observed in the epididymal portion of the ductus was resistant
      to tetrodotoxin but obliterated by 1 microM verapamil or nifedipine. The
      augmentation of the magnitude of the electrically driven muscle twitches was
      blocked by tetrodotoxin but not affected by 1 microM verapamil or nifedipine.
      Preincubation of the segments of the ductus with 10 microM indomethacin
      significantly reduced the increase in basal muscular tension caused by low
      concentrations of bradykinin but did not affect the electrically driven muscle
      twitches. Results suggest the existence of bradykinin receptors in the nerve
      endings of the adrenergic terminals of the organ and in the smooth muscle
      membrane. Whereas the neurogenic response found in both segments of the organ was
      of equal magnitude, the musculotropic response was predominantly found in the
      epididymal half of the organ.

PMID- 3699099
TI  - Nicotine applied into the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus inhibits enhanced
      gastric acid output and mucosal blood flow in rats.
AB  - The effects of nicotine microinjected into several brain regions on the centrally
      elevated gastric acid output and mucosal blood flow (MBF) were examined in
      anesthetized rats. Intravenous administration of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) induced
      increases in gastric acid output and MBF. These increases were inhibited dose
      dependently by nicotine microinjected into the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus
      (NDV) but not into various hypothalamic regions. This effect of nicotine was
      abolished with concomitantly administered hexamethonium and was not observed in
      reserpine-pretreated animals. Electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamic
      area (LHA) induced an increase in gastric acid output. This increase was
      completely inhibited when nicotine was microinjected into the NDV 5 min before
      stimulation. This inhibitory effect of nicotine was abolished by concomitantly
      administered hexamethonium and by intraventricular pretreatment with
      phentolamine, but not with propranolol. These results suggest that activation of
      nicotinic receptors within the NDV releases noradrenaline and that there is a
      resultant inhibition of gastric acid output and MBF.

PMID- 3699100
TI  - Quantitative autoradiography of [3H]piquindone binding sites (dopamine D2
      receptors) in rat brain.
AB  - (-)Piquindone is a new antipsychotic pyrroloisoquinoline derivative that binds to
      dopamine D2 receptors. We used in vitro quantitative autoradiography to determine
      the distribution of [3H](-)piquindone binding sites in rat forebrain. [3H](
      )Piquindone binding to brain slices was sodium dependent, saturable and of high
      affinity (Kd = 5 nM at 0 degree C). In autoradiographic experiments, there was a
      good signal to noise ratio for [3H](-)piquindone binding with nonspecific binding
      representing only about 20% of total binding in caudate putamen. The D2
      antagonists (-)sulpiride and raclopride were much more potent inhibitors of [3H](
      )piquindone binding than the D1 antagonist SCH 23390. Dopamine inhibited binding
      with a potency similar to that previously found with standard membrane binding
      procedures. Autoradiography indicated that binding sites [3H](-)piquindone are
      localized to olfactory tubercle, accumbens nucleus, caudate putamen, cell bridges
      between caudate putamen and olfactory tubercle, and substantia nigra. Binding in
      these areas is stereoselective since we found no specific binding with
      [3H](+)piquindone, the biologically inactive enantiomer. Within caudate putamen,
      there was a lateral to medial gradient in the optical density of [3H](
      )piquindone autoradiograms which might, in part, be attributable to white matter
      density rather than to D2 receptors.

PMID- 3699101
TI  - Evidence for dopaminomimetic effect of intrastriatally injected cholecystokinin
      octapeptide in mice.
AB  - The behavioural effect of intrastriatally injected cholecystokinin sulphated
      octapeptide (CCK-8S), and its interactions with the antagonists Z-CCK-(27-32)NH2
      and proglumide, were investigated in mice. When injected into the right striatum,
      CCK-8S (0.05-1 ng) induced contralateral rotations, as did the dopamine agonist
      apomorphine. Non-sulphated CCK-8 was inactive and sulphated desamino-CCK-7 was
      only weakly active in this respect. CCK-8S-induced turning was antagonized by co
      injected Z-CCK-(27-32)NH2 (0.01-10 ng) or proglumide (0.1-1 micrograms), as well
      as by intraperitoneal injection of the neuroleptic drug haloperidol. These data
      suggest that CCK-8S may, in these conditions, stimulate dopamine-mediated
      neurotransmission, and that Z-CCK-(27-32)NH2, in addition to its peripheral
      effect, is also a very potent CCK antagonist at the striatal level.

PMID- 3699102
TI  - Response of the lens of the galactose-fed rat to YAG laser-induced injury.
AB  - Many investigations have focussed on the response of normal lenses to injury, but
      almost no attention in this regard has been given to the response of cataractous
      lenses. We addressed this subject, particularly in regard to cell proliferation,
      using 'cataractous' lenses from rats fed on a galactose-rich diet. Five days
      after initiation of the 50% D-galactose diet, the anterior aspects of the lenses
      of these animals were injured by Nd-YAG laser. For up to 5 additional days, the
      rats were maintained on a 25% D-galactose diet. Similarly injured, control
      animals were fed on 100% Purina laboratory chow throughout the experimental
      period. The response of the lenses to injury was assessed by gross examination
      and by light microscopic examination of paraffin sections and epithelial whole
      mounts. By the second day post-injury, the anterior aspect of some of the lenses
      from galactose-fed rats was characterized by a band of darkly staining
      structures. Although the average number of mitotic figures of lenses from
      galactose-fed (GF) rats had increased by 2 days after injury, it still remained
      below that of injured lenses from normally fed rats. After 5 days, some of the
      eyes of galactose-fed rats were greatly swollen. At both 2 days and 5 days after
      injury, lenses of GF rats tended to be characterized by a greatly proliferated
      epithelium, destruction of lens fibers, and loss of cortical material. Responses
      of lenses from normally fed rats were far less dramatic. The results suggest
      that, in the case of lenses made cataractous by a galactose-rich diet, injury is
      more deleterious, and the response of epithelial cells more intense, than in
      normal lenses.

PMID- 3699103
TI  - Hormonal modulation of tear volume in the rat.
AB  - The present study examined the influence of hormones on the tear volume of male
      rats. The mean tear volume in a population of 2-3-month-old intact rats equaled
      4.6 +/- 0.2 microliter. This volume, however, varied depending upon the hormonal
      environment of the animal. Orchiectomy induced a significant, 46%, increase in
      the mean tear volume, compared with that of intact rats. Testosterone
      administration to orchiectomized rats reversed this increase and caused a
      significant reduction in tear volume. Of interest, this androgen action was
      prevented if rats were also hypophysectomized. Hypophysectomy alone decrease tear
      volume and this response was not influenced by later castration. Other endocrine
      manipulations, including thyroidectomy, adrenalectomy and estrogen treatment of
      orchiectomized rats had no effect on tear volume. Overall, our results indicate
      that tear volume may be modulated by hormones from the hypothalamic-pituitary
      gonadal axis.

PMID- 3699104
TI  - Carboxyfluorescein. A dye for evaluating the corneal endothelial barrier function
      in vivo.
AB  - The relationship of the cornea-aqueous distribution ratio (r ca) and
      concentration in vitro was established for fluorescein and carboxyfluorescein.
      The value of rca for fluorescein was found to fall from 3.20 +/- 0.25 (mean +/-
      S.D., n V 6) to 1.78 as the concentration of the free fluorescein in the bathing
      medium rose from 5.8 X 10(-8) to 5.9 X 10(-5) g ml-1. For carboxyfluorescein, it
      remained unchanged over the same concentration range, and the average for total
      determinations was 1.29 +/- 0.16 (n = 20). The value of rca for
      carboxyfluorescein determined in vivo was 1.62 +/- 0.23 (mean +/- S.D., n = 6)
      and the corneal endothelial permeability to carboxyfluorescein in normal rabbits
      was 3.31 +/- 0.66 X 10(-4) cm min-1 (n = 11), which was 35% lower than that for
      fluorescein. Because of its lower endothelial permeability and a value of rca
      which is unchanged over a wide range of concentration, carboxyfluorescein may be
      better suited for the in vivo evaluation of the barrier function of the corneal
      endothelium than fluorescein.

PMID- 3699105
TI  - Membrane permeability characteristics of perfused human senile cataractous
      lenses.
AB  - Human cataractous lenses were removed by the cryoprobe technique and were
      maintained for up to 24 hr in a solution of similar ionic composition to human
      aqueous humour. The bimodal distribution of internal sodium concentrations was
      similar to that previously reported for unincubated human lenses. Lenses with
      lower total and free sodium contents had relatively higher membrane potentials
      and they lost 86Rb at a slower rate than lenses with high internal sodium. The
      86Rb efflux in these lenses was stimulated four-fold by removing external
      calcium. The efflux was reduced by increasing external calcium, but was increased
      during a small (60 mosmol) hyperosmotic shock. A similar hyperosmotic shock also
      surprisingly increased 86Rb efflux. Lenses with increasing internal sodium (and
      calcium) levels showed an increasing rate of loss of 86Rb and the stimulation by
      calcium removal was progressively diminished. The efflux from lenses with
      disturbed ion levels was also relatively insensitive to changes in external
      osmolarity and to increasing external potassium. Lenses with raised sodium
      concentrations also had an increased inulin space. Frog, rat and rabbit lenses
      were also exposed to the same range of stimuli and only frog lenses responded to
      the low calcium solution with more than a four-fold increase in efflux rate.
      Although only a two- to four-fold increase in efflux rate was obtained from
      rabbit lenses exposed to Ca-free conditions, this was the only type of animal
      lens so far tested that, like the human lens, responded to both hyperosmotic and
      isosmotic shocks with an increase in efflux rate. All three species of mammalian
      lenses responded with an increase in efflux rate when exposed to a hyperosmotic
      test solution while in the frog, the efflux rate from the lens decreased. The
      glucose efflux from human cataractous lenses was inhibited by cytochalasin B in a
      similar manner to the efflux from rat and frog lenses. It was concluded,
      therefore, that the cryoprobed human lens can be kept for a limited period in a
      relative simple artificial aqueous humour solution. The potassium permeability
      characteristics of low sodium cataracts remained relatively intact and showed a
      unique response (relative to lenses from other animals) when exposed to various
      stimuli that are known to be potentially cataractogenic.

PMID- 3699106
TI  - Effects of bendazac L-lysine salt on X-ray-induced cataract in the rabbit lens.
AB  - The effects of bendazac-L-lysine salt (bendazac-lysine) on some biochemical
      parameters (soluble and insoluble proteins, reduced glutathione, sulphydryl and
      disulphide groups, water content) in rabbit lens at different times after X-rays
      (2000 rads) were studied. The mature cataract (swelling and total lens opacity)
      developed 11-12 weeks after irradiation. In the mature cataract, the irradiated
      lenses not treated with bendazac-lysine (ILNTB) show a 32% increase in water
      content compared with controls; this increase is 12% in irradiated lens treated
      with bendazac-lysine (ILTB). Twelve weeks after irradiation the concentration of
      insoluble proteins in the controls, ILNTB and ILTB is 7.6%, 52.3% and 18.3%
      respectively. After 6, 8 and 12 weeks the concentration of reduced glutathione in
      ILNTB decreases by 23%, 81% and 92% as compared with the controls. In the ILTB
      the decrease is present only 8 and 12 weeks after X-irradiation and is of 55% and
      69%, respectively. The sulphydryl-group content in the soluble proteins in ILNTB
      compared with the controls decreases by 26%, 38% and 47% after 6, 8 and 12 weeks,
      while in the ILTB a decrease is observed only after 8 and 12 weeks and is 6% and
      12%, respectively. The decrease of the sulphydryl groups parallels the increase
      of the disulphide groups. This increase is already significant (P less than 0.01)
      after 6 weeks in the ILNTB, whereas it becomes significant in the ILTB only after
      8 weeks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3699107
TI  - A study of lectin-binding to the water-insoluble proteins of the lens.
AB  - Binding of lectins to the water-insoluble fractions from human, monkey and mouse
      lenses was investigated. Lectins bound to glycoproteins blotted from SDS
      polyacrylamide gels onto nitrocellulose paper. Use of multiple lectins showed
      that glycoproteins with apparent molecular weights of about 120 000 and 90 000
      were present in all species. These proteins were found in the urea-insoluble
      fraction. Multiple lectins also bound to two bands around 67 000 and 63 000
      molecular weight in both human and monkey lens fractions as well as a urea
      soluble band at about 140 000. A 35 000 MW glycoprotein containing N-acetyl
      galactosamine and fucose sugars was present in the capsule-epithelium of monkey
      lenses but was not detected in cortical or nuclear fractions. Glycoproteins from
      normal and cataractous mice were identified using this new methodology and
      compared with previously published work using sodium borohydride labelling of
      glycoproteins. Because of the numerous glycoproteins that can be detected and the
      ability to assign sugar residues to individual proteins, the lectin-binding
      method is a powerful tool to investigate lens glycoproteins.

PMID- 3699108
TI  - Erythropoietic effects of triiodothyronine on the anemia of renal failure in
      rats: comparative studies with testosterone and erythropoietin.
AB  - A pronounced and significant stimulatory effect on erythropoiesis was observed in
      anemic uremic rats receiving either T3 (50 micrograms/kg/day) or Ep (7.5 and 15
      U[units]/day) for ten days. A lack of erythropoietic response was seen after the
      administration of testosterone (5 mg/kg/day) for the same period of time. Renal
      failure and anemia were studied in partially nephrectomized rats that had
      received nephrotoxic doses of kanamycin (500 mg/kg/day). The marked increase in
      red blood cell production produced by T3 and Ep in anemic uremic rats was
      evident, not only from increased hemoglobin and hematocrit values in peripheral
      blood, but also from an elevated number of circulating reticulocytes and
      generally increased absolute counts of nucleated erythroid cells per milligram of
      bone marrow. The effects of T3 on erythropoiesis in anemic rats with renal
      insufficiency are in accordance with our previous report demonstrating the direct
      effect of thyroid hormones on marrow erythroid precursors. This effect can occur
      only when high levels of the free active forms of T3 are present in plasma, as
      can happen in the uremic rats receiving daily doses of T3. Since the possibility
      of producing large amounts of Ep for the treatment of the anemia associated with
      chronic renal failure is unlikely in the near future, utilization of T3, mainly
      compounds without calorigenic effects, may be a potential therapeutic
      alternative.

PMID- 3699109
TI  - Relationship between severity of renal damage and erythropoietin production in
      uranyl nitrate-induced acute renal failure.
AB  - Adult female Wistar rats were injected with 1 mg/kg body weight of uranyl nitrate
      (UN). Evaluation of renal function, histopathology studies, and determination of
      plasma erythropoietin (Ep) titers after exposure to 456 mb for 16 h were
      performed at 1, 2, 7, 10, 15, and 21 days after drug injection. Plasma urea and
      creatinine concentrations markedly increased during the first seven days after
      injection, reaching maximal values on day 7 and decreasing thereafter.
      Significant increases in urine volume and significant depressions in urine
      osmolality also were observed; both alterations were most marked on day 7 after
      injection. A coagulative necrosis of the epithelium of proximal convoluted
      tubules, desquamation of the necrotic cells, and dilation or collapse of the
      tubular lumen were observed; the lesions were more marked on day 7. Plasma Ep
      levels in UN-treated rats exposed to hypobaria were markedly lower than in
      noninjected controls similarly exposed. Measurements were performed one, two, and
      seven days after UN injection, with maximal depression observed on day 7. These
      observations indicate that there is a correlation between the extent of both
      tubule damage and degree of renal dysfunction and plasma Ep production during
      exposure to hypoxia in UN-treated rats. This suggests that the renal Ep component
      is derived primarily from tubular cells.

PMID- 3699110
TI  - Enumeration of stem cells and progenitor cells in alpha-thalassemic mice reveals
      lack of specific regulation of stem cell differentiation.
AB  - Heterozygous alpha-thalassemic (Hbath/+) female mice were investigated for the
      effect of persistent erythropoietic stress on the number of stem cells and
      progenitor cells along the the erythroid (E), granulocyte-macrophage (GM), and
      megakaryocyte (Meg) pathways. At the progenitor cell level, compensatory
      erythropoiesis was demonstrated in the spleen but not in the bone marrow. In the
      spleen, developmentally early progenitor cells (BFU-E) were expanded two- to
      threefold and late progenitor cells (CFU-E) five- to sixfold. A comparable
      expansion of progenitor cells was observed along the GM and Meg pathways. CFU-S
      numbers were increased in the spleen, but not in the bone marrow. The increases
      in GM and Meg progenitor cells appeared to result in an inappropriate
      hemopoiesis: peripheral thrombocyte and monocyte numbers were elevated. However,
      granulocyte numbers were not significantly increased. It is concluded that the
      persistently increased erythropoietic demand results in inappropriate production
      of other hemopoietic cells, most likely because pathway-specific regulatory
      mechanisms do not influence differentiation at the stem cell level.

PMID- 3699111
TI  - Characteristics of hemopoietic stem cells determined by single spleen colony
      transplantation.
AB  - By using a spleen colony transfer technique and sex chromosome determinations as
      a cytogenetic marker, we compared the spleen colony-forming cells of bone marrow
      origin from three strains of mice, i.e., LACA, C57, and (LACA female X C57 male)
      F1. The proliferation potential of spleen colony-forming cells was found to be
      heterogeneous in nature. Some of the cells have the essential characteristics of
      hemopoietic stem cells (Ps-CFUS), i.e., the capacity for sustained proliferation
      and differentiation into myeloid and lymphoid lineages of cells, whereas others
      exhibit the capacity to form gross colonies on irradiated recipient spleen which
      are capable of differentiating different lineages of blood cells, but have lost
      the ability to reconstitute hemopoiesis in lethally irradiated recipients (Pg
      CFUS). The results of studies on spleen colony-forming cells of F1 mice indicate
      the existence of a subpopulation of primitive precursors of spleen colony-forming
      cells (Pre-CFUs) which are not able to form spleen colonies on recipient spleens,
      but, under appropriate stimuli, may assume the properties of Ps-CFUS. Therefore
      the sequential process of blood cell differentiation may be described as follows:
      Pre-CFUS----Ps-CFUS----Pg-CFUS----different lineages of hemopoietic progenitors--
      -different lineages of blood cells.

PMID- 3699112
TI  - 'Stromal cell' colonies produced by non-adherent cells from long-term human
      marrow cultures enhance erythropoietic burst formation.

PMID- 3699113
TI  - Mucociliary clearance in smokers.
AB  - The mucociliary clearance characteristics and the correlation between the extent
      of smoking and bronchial mucociliary dysfunction were studied in 71 smokers (15
      without chronic bronchitis, 16 with simple and 40 with obstructive chronic
      bronchitis). Mucociliary clearance (MC) was measured with 99mTc-tagged human
      erythrocytes. Lung function values were determined by whole body plethysmography.
      All three smoking groups had significantly (p less than 0.001) lower TMC60.min
      rates (total MC in 60 min) on the average than the predicted values. The mean
      TMC60.min rates of heavy smokers with simple and obstructive chronic bronchitis
      were significantly (p less than 0.001) lower than that of light smokers without
      chronic bronchitis. There was no significant difference between the TMC60.min
      rates of smokers with simple and obstructive chronic bronchitis. The decrease in
      the MC rates was more pronounced in the central than in the peripheral airways. A
      significant (p less than 0.001) correlation was found between the extent of
      smoking (pack years) and the decrease of MC. The results suggest that the
      decrease of MC is an early functional abnormality in smokers, which precedes the
      development of symptoms of chronic bronchitis as well as functional detectability
      of airways obstruction.

PMID- 3699114
TI  - Impairment of tracheal mucociliary clearance but not ciliary beat frequency by a
      combination of low level ozone and sulfur dioxide in sheep.
AB  - We used conscious sheep to determine the effect of a combined exposure to ozone
      (O3) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) on tracheal mucus velocity (TMV) and ciliary beat
      frequency (CBF). TMV was measured in vivo by tracking the movement of radiopaque
      particles which had been deposited on the tracheal mucosa. CBF of tracheal
      epithelial cells, obtained by brushing, was measured in vitro with phase contrast
      microscopy. On two separate occasions, six sheep were exposed by mask to either a
      combination of 0.3 ppm O3 and 3 ppm SO2 or air (control) for 5 h on each of three
      consecutive days. TMV and CBF were measured prior to the first exposure, and
      immediately and 24 h after the last exposure. The combination of O3 and SO2
      depressed mean TMV by 40% immediately after and by 25%, 24 h after exposure. Both
      values were different from the corresponding values after air exposure (p less
      than 0.05). However, this depression in TMV was not associated with an impairment
      in CBF. We conclude that in conscious sheep, exposure to a combination of low
      level O3 and SO2 causes a depression in TMV, and changes in CBF are probably not
      a primary cause of this mucociliary dysfunction.

PMID- 3699115
TI  - Occupational lung fibrosis in an aluminium polisher.
AB  - An aluminium polisher developed severe lung fibrosis complicated by bronchial
      carcinoma. Although he was not submitted to the exposure risks usually described
      in aluminium lung (bauxite smelting, use of aluminium powders, aluminium
      welding), he worked in a high concentration of aluminium dust. This was
      demonstrated by mineralogical analyses which revealed large amounts of small
      metallic aluminium particles (0.5 micron - 5 micron) in bronchoalveolar lavage,
      lung tissue and lymph nodes 5 years after the end of exposure. Aluminium
      polishing seems to be a potential cause of aluminium lung.

PMID- 3699116
TI  - Spontaneous detachment of benign mesothelioma into the pleural space and removal
      during pleuroscopy.
AB  - Benign pleural mesothelioma is a rare tumor which is usually diagnosed by
      thoracotomy in a patient with an intra-thoracic mass of uncertain origin. We
      report a case in which both diagnosis and therapy of a small, peripheral coin
      lesion were achieved through thoracoscopy. The latter was performed following the
      observation that the tumor moved freely in the pleural space, because of an
      incidental pneumothorax.

PMID- 3699117
TI  - Position dependence of pulmonary function in a patient with lordoscoliosis.
AB  - In this report we describe a young woman with idiopathic thoracic scoliosis
      associated with marked lordosis. Pulmonary function, tested in the upright
      standing position, showed a restrictive pattern of impairment. However, when the
      patient was tested in the forward-flexed position, pulmonary function was
      dramatically improved. Following surgical partial correction of the thoracic
      deformity, pulmonary function was largely within normal limits. Our report
      emphasizes the detrimental effects of thoracic lordosis on pulmonary function. In
      addition, our patient demonstrated marked position dependence of pulmonary
      function, a feature not previously described in patients with deformations of the
      thoracic spine.

PMID- 3699118
TI  - Prediction of ventilatory function after subtotal lung resection using
      preoperative dynamic spirometry and radiospirometry.
AB  - In 36 patients undergoing subtotal lung resection for a peripheral lung tumour (N
      = 20) or an inflammatory disease (N = 16) the postoperative FEV1 and VC of the
      operated lung were predicted on the basis of preoperative spirometric and
      radiospirometric studies and the number of pulmonary segments resected. For
      comparison, preoperative lung function studies were used in two different ways
      for the prediction: 1) Preoperative dynamic spirometry alone, 2) Preoperative
      dynamic spirometry plus radiospirometrically determined distributions of
      ventilation (V), perfusion (Q) and VC. The actual postoperative FEV1 and VC
      correlated well with the predicted values calculated from preoperative dynamic
      spirometry alone (r = 0.90 and 0.86, respectively). The use of the preoperative
      V, Q and VC proportions of the resected lung determined radiospirometrically did
      not improve the prediction. The results of our study suggest that preoperative
      radiospirometry is not always necessary for patients having a small peripheral
      lesion treated by subtotal lung resection.

PMID- 3699119
TI  - Hyperventilation and aerophagia: a negative report.
AB  - Aerophagia is described as a frequent symptom in the hyperventilation syndrome.
      However, this has never been substantiated. In this study the extent of air
      swallowing was estimated from the size of the gastric air-bubble on the chest X
      ray, in a group of 62 hyperventilators and in a group of 62 normals. No
      differences were found between the mean amounts of gastric air in the two groups.
      Women in both groups seemed to swallow more air than men. The amount of air was
      not related to the time of the day (meals). In 15 hyperventilators the subjective
      complaints of upper abdominal discomfort and of chest pain were quantified: no
      correlation was found with the amount of gastric air.

PMID- 3699120
TI  - Calcium metabolism in sarcoidosis. A follow-up study with respect to parathyroid
      hormone and vitamin D metabolites.
AB  - Calcium metabolism was evaluated in 39 patients with sarcoidosis. Hypercalcemia
      and/or hypercalciuria were found in 18 patients (46%) and serum 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D was elevated in only 4 of 13 patients in whom this could be
      measured. By contrast, in patients with normal calcium metabolism serum 1,25
      (OH)2D varied greatly, but the mean +/- SD value 156 +/- 70 pmol/l (n = 21) was
      also increased. This study provides further evidence for a kidney and parathyroid
      independent abnormal regulation of 1,25-(OH)2D in sarcoidosis. The results of
      follow-up (1-4 years) of untreated (n = 16) and treated (n = 15) patients support
      the suggestion that 1,25-(OH)2D may reflect the systemic granulomatous process
      (disease activity?). The mechanism for abnormal calcium metabolism remains very
      complex and may not result from increased serum levels of 1,25-(OH)2D alone.
      There was no correlation between serum 1,25-(OH)2D and either serum calcium or
      urinary calcium excretion. The sensitivity of target organs to 1,25-(OH)2D may be
      changed, whether or not resulting in abnormal calcium metabolism.

PMID- 3699121
TI  - Fenoterol powder inhaler technique in children: influence of inspiratory flow
      rate and breath-holding.
AB  - The bronchodilator response after three different modes of inhalation of 0.2 mg
      fenoterol from a fenoterol powder inhaler was assessed in ten asthmatic children
      in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. There was a small, but
      statistically significant increase in response when the children inhaled as fast
      as possible, compared with very slow inhalations (16-19 l/min), but a breath
      holding pause of 10 s after the inhalation had no significant effect on
      bronchodilation. Peak inspiratory flow through the inhaler, measured in 150
      normal children aged 3.5-15 years, showed that all the children studied were able
      to generate a sufficient inspiratory flow to benefit from treatment with this
      inhaler. It is concluded that children using a fenoterol powder inhaler should be
      taught to inhale as fast as possible. They need not hold their breath after the
      inhalation.

PMID- 3699122
TI  - Solitary pulmonary metastasis of choroidal malignant melanoma simulating primary
      lung cancer.
AB  - A case is presented of a late solitary pulmonary metastasis from a choroidal
      melanoma, simulating primary bronchogenic carcinoma. The pattern of metastatic
      choroidal melanoma and the mode of therapy are discussed.

PMID- 3699124
TI  - Stenotic tuberculous tracheitis treated with resection and anastomosis.

PMID- 3699123
TI  - Primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the lung.
AB  - We present a 49-year-old man, in whom chest X-ray showed multiple, ill-defined
      densities in both lungs. Diagnosis was obtained by means of examination of biopsy
      specimens from a thoracotomy. By means of immunohistochemical techniques,
      monoclonal lymphoid cells were demonstrated. This finding is conclusive of a
      diagnosis of malignant lymphoma. Due to the multiple localizations, surgical
      extirpation and radiotherapy were not feasible. The patient was given
      chlorambucil for 5 months, followed by six courses of cyclophosphamide,
      vincristine and prednisone.

PMID- 3699125
TI  - Severe mixed acidosis by combined therapy with acetazolamide and timolol
      eyedrops.
AB  - A patient with chronic obstructive lung disease developed a severe mixed acidosis
      after treatment for glaucoma with a combination of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
      and beta adrenergic blocking agent in normal doses.

PMID- 3699126
TI  - Lung tumours in rats and mice after inhalation of PAH-rich emissions.
AB  - Rats and mice were exposed to a PAH-rich emission to test the carcinogenic
      activity. The BaP content of the exposure atmosphere was only 2-3 times higher
      than the concentration of about 30 micrograms/m3 measured in older coke plants.
      Although only half of the rats exposed to the exhaust have been investigated
      histologically up to now, the lung cancer incidence already amounts to 11%, no
      lung tumours were found in the control animals. Also the mice exposed to the
      exhaust with and without additional treatment with BaP, DBahA or urethane to
      induce a "base tumour rate" in the lung, showed a clear exhaust exposure-related
      carcinogenic effect. The lung tumour multiplicity as well as the incidence was
      significantly higher. The epidemiological findings of an increased lung cancer
      risk in coke oven workers can now be supported by the results of this animal
      inhalation study.

PMID- 3699127
TI  - Thymic reticulum of autoimmune mice. I. Ultrastructural studies of the diabetic
      (db/db) mouse thymus.
AB  - The thymus of the db/db mouse, an autoimmune strain with insulin-dependent
      diabetes mellitus and manifesting hyperglycemia, polyuria, glycosuria and
      obesity, was observed by electron microscopy. Its comparison with normal thymuses
      and thymuses from non-diabetic obese mice has revealed two major differences:
      first, the presence of crystal-like structures in some of the numerous clear
      vacuoles in cells, and second, a modification of the cells forming the border of
      cystic cavities. These cells contain two types of granules which are quite
      plentiful. One variety is clear and big, and a second type is small and dense,
      with an aspect similar to that of secretion granules. It is hypothesized that the
      crystalloid formations found in epithelial cells, and the presence of small,
      dense granulations in cells bordering the cystic cavities, are a consequence of
      the abnormal storage of the thymic hormone, thymulin, which results from a
      secretory function defect. These observations suggest a possible role for the
      thymic reticulum in thymic function deficiencies.

PMID- 3699128
TI  - Evidence for an intestinal lithium excretion in rats.
AB  - Renal, biliary, and faecal lithium excretion as well as intracellular lithium
      concentrations in different segments of the intestine were measured
      simultaneously in anaesthetized adult rats following sham operation, after
      ligation of the hilus of one or both kidneys, and after bilateral ligation of the
      renal hilus and additional bile duct ligation. Lithium was administered
      intravenously (300 mumol/100 g b.wt.) and thereafter lithium, sodium and
      potassium were measured up to 3 h in the different biological materials. The
      results give evidence that only one fifth of the lithium determined in faeces
      reached the small intestine via bile. Dependent on the type of restricted
      elimination, an increased lithium content was measured in faeces, which was
      distinctly higher in the colon than in the two small intestine segments. In
      contrast, no changes in biliary lithium excretion were observed. A slower
      decrease in the time course of serum lithium concentrations demonstrated that the
      loss of the other elimination routes cannot be compensated completely by the
      enhanced faecal lithium output. But lithium concentrations were found to be lower
      in serum than in the intestinal tissue segments and were highest in the segmental
      samples of faeces. On this basis an active transcellular transport step for
      lithium must be supposed beside the possibility of a paracellular transfer across
      the intestine. The lithium-induced changes of the sodium and potassium
      concentrations observed in the intestinal tissue and in the faeces support this
      interpretation.

PMID- 3699129
TI  - Developmental potential of ciliated cells of ceractinomorph sponge larvae.
AB  - The fate of the ciliated epithelium of sponge larvae at metamorphosis has been
      the subject of debate for many years. In order to resolve the phylogenetic
      position of the Porifera it must be determined whether these cells migrate
      inwards to become adult choanocytes or are lost at metamorphosis. We report an
      approach to this problem by observing metamorphosing larvae using electron
      microscopy and by assaying the aggregation potential of ciliated and central
      larval cells fractionated on Percoll gradients. Our results indicate that larval
      epithelial cells are phagocytosed during metamorphosis and that they do not have
      aggregation capability. The latter is essential to permit choanocyte chamber
      formation. Larval archaeocytes do possess aggregation capability. We argue that
      larval ciliated cells are dispersal effectors only and are terminally
      differentiated. Thus 'inversion of layers' as claimed by earlier authors does not
      occur. These results are discussed in relation to the role of aggregation
      facilitating systems and to the structure of sponge larvae.

PMID- 3699130
TI  - A charring method for quantitative determination of carbohydrates on thin-layer
      chromatograms.
AB  - A new method for the quantitative determination of carbohydrates on thin-layer
      chromatography has been devised. The method is based on charring the spots with
      sulphuric acid generated from interaction of sulphuryl chloride with water
      vapour, and quantification of carbohydrates by photodensitometry of the
      chromatograms. In contrast to current methods, this one does not require the use
      of several reagents and the charred plates can be stored without fading. The
      method is simple, sensitive and reproducible.

PMID- 3699131
TI  - Immunological characterization of the vitellogenic proteins in Squilla mantis
      hemolymph (Crustacea, Stomatopoda).
AB  - The femal specific proteins (FSP) identified in the hemolymph of Squilla mantis
      females are here proven to be vitellogenins (VTG) by immunological and
      electrophoretical methods. VTG 1 which has a higher molecular weight (MW) and
      only one central form, both in hemolymph and eggs, can be detected
      immunoelectrophoretically. VTG 2 and 3 have similar lower MW and are
      immunologically closely related, their slightly cathodic precipitation are fusing
      with the slightly anodic form. A further cathodic shift of the double arc occurs
      in the corresponding egg proteins. The VTGs are forms of yolk proteins which are
      transported in the hemolymph from the site of synthesis to the ovary where they
      undergo structural variations without involving a change of MW or of their
      number.

PMID- 3699132
TI  - Relation between light responses and dendritic branching in the salamander
      ganglion cells.
AB  - Ganglion cells in larval tiger salamander retina were differentiated into
      different types according to their light response and morphology. Sustained
      hyperpolarizing responses were recorded from ganglion cells branching in the
      sclerad half of the inner plexiform layer (IPL). Sustained depolarizing responses
      were elicited in cells with dendrites confined in the vitread portion of the IPL.
      Transient responses were associated with two types of morphological units sharing
      level of branching, in the middle of the IPL, but differing for soma location
      (inner plexiform or inner nuclear layer).

PMID- 3699133
TI  - Surfactant-induced alterations of permeability of rabbit oral mucosa in vitro.
AB  - The permeability of rabbit oral mucosa to eight nonelectrolytes was measured in
      vitro in the absence and in the presence of 0.025, 0.1, and 1.0% concentrations
      of anionic, cationic, and nonionic surfactants. The anionic surfactant sodium
      lauryl sulfate and the cationic surfactants cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and
      cetylpyridinium chloride caused greater increases in permeability than
      polysorbate 80, a nonionic surfactant. The increases in permeability brought
      about by the surfactants were concentration dependent.

PMID- 3699134
TI  - Acute phase reactants enhance CCl4 induced liver cirrhosis in the rat.
AB  - High levels of acute phase proteins (acute phase reactants, APR) suppress acute
      inflammatory reactions in the rat. As many APR have antiprotease properties,
      including an anticollagenase activity, the effect of APR on the development of
      CCl4-induced liver fibrosis was investigated in rats. APR were provoked by
      repeated injections of epinephrine, inducing a broad spectrum of APR. This
      reaction can be monitored measuring alpha 2-macroglobulin levels in the rat
      (alpha 2-macrofetoprotein, alpha M FP). This protein was found to inhibit both
      acute galactosamine hepatitis and acute CCl4-induced liver toxicity. The animals
      with high levels of APR at the start of CCl4 treatment developed a more severe
      degree of fibrosis and cirrhosis than the control group in which no acute phase
      reaction was induced. Epinephrine alone had no such effects. Additionally, the
      APR positive group showed an initially lower degree of hepatocellular damage when
      compared to control animals. This uncoupling of liver cell damage and subsequent
      fibrosis may demonstrate that higher levels of APR might be important as to the
      development of cirrhosis, possibly based on the anticollagenase activity of these
      proteins.

PMID- 3699135
TI  - Hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, cholesterogenesis, and serum
      lipoproteins in liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy.
AB  - Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy was used as an experimental model
      for studying mammalian cell division and replication. The rate of cell
      proliferation in this hyperplastic model was correlated with hepatic de novo
      synthesis of cholesterol, with the hexose monophosphate shunt pathway of glucose
      metabolism, and with serum lipoproteins. An increase of hepatic cholesterol
      esters and of incorporation of tritiated water in cholesterol esters was observed
      at 24 hr after partial hepatectomy. Partial hepatectomy also resulted in an
      increase of hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and in alteration of serum
      lipoproteins, primarily due to a selective decline in high density lipoprotein
      fraction.

PMID- 3699136
TI  - Experimental arterial loops and arterial atrophy.
AB  - U-shaped arterial loops fashioned in the common carotid artery of rabbits and
      sheep were studied to determine the chronic effects of the altered blood flow,
      and results were consistent. Intimal thickening, predominantly of musculoelastic
      proliferation, was present at the distal aspect of the lesser curvatures of the
      bends where boundary layer separation might be expected. Lipid was found in the
      intimal thickening of the four sheep with U-loops. Along the greater curvature of
      the three bends where blood flow impinges there was considerable fragmentation of
      the internal elastic lamina with very little intimal thickening. In loops of
      longer duration considerable atrophy of the media was also observed and in a few
      specimens there was loss of medial elastica and muscle with slight dilatation.
      Thus both proliferative and atrophic (nonproliferative) lesions can be induced in
      the same vessels at anatomical sites similar to those occurring in the carotid
      siphon in man.

PMID- 3699137
TI  - Effect of DL-6-(N-alpha-pipecolinomethyl)-5-hydroxyindane maleate (PMHI) on the
      reproductive system of a wild rat, Bandicota bengalensis. II. Epididymis and
      accessory sex glands.
AB  - The effect of PMHI on the epididymis and accessory sex glands (ventral prostate,
      seminal vesicle, and coagulating gland) was studied in a wild rodent, the
      bandicoot rat. Animals were given a single subcutaneous injection of PMHI (150
      mg/kg body wt) and were killed 2, 10, or 30 days later. Treatment of PMHI
      resulted in severe alterations in the epididymis of the bandicoot rat with no
      apparent effect on accessory sex glands except for a transitory decrease in
      epithelial height of the seminal vesicle and in peripheral acini of the ventral
      prostate. Changes in the epididymis included a marked involution of the caput,
      Zone I in particular, formation of sperm granulomata, and the distension of the
      "clear" cells in the caudal portion of the duct. Sperms progressively disappeared
      from the lumen and by Day 30, the cauda epididymis became completely azoospermic.
      It appears that the epididymal lesions produced by this compound may play a
      contributory role to induce infertility in the bandicoot rat.

PMID- 3699138
TI  - Induction of stress proteins by lonidamine in human and murine melanoma cells.
AB  - The ability of lonidamine [1-(2,4)-dichlorobenzyl-1H-indazol-3-carboxylic acid],
      to induce a stress response in human and murine cultured melanoma cells has been
      demonstrated. In the M14 and M10 human melanoma cell lines, lonidamine enhances
      the synthesis of a unique set of proteins, characterized by SDS-PAGE by an Mr of
      about 72 kDa. In the B16 murine melanoma cell line, exposure to lonidamine
      increases the synthetic rate of two polypeptides of mol mass 86 and 72 kDa,
      respectively. Lonidamine is a drug which specifically acts on mitochondria.
      Therefore the observation that it can also promote a stress response indicates
      that the mitochondria might be one of the primary cellular targets and postulates
      a causal relationship between an impairment of the energy supply and induction of
      stress protein synthesis.

PMID- 3699139
TI  - Experimental lesions in rats corresponding to advanced human asbestosis.
AB  - Rats inhaling chrysotile asbestos developed a progressive interstitial fibrosis
      similar in most respects to human asbestosis. The earliest lesions were focal
      deposits of fibrous tissue in the walls of respiratory bronchioles and alveolar
      ducts. Later alveolar septa between adjacent bronchioles became progressively
      thickened to produce lesions with similarities to human honeycombing. The
      thickened septa between alveoli or "micro-honeycomb" spaces were mainly surfaced
      with cuboidal epithelial cells although some spaces lined by ciliated columnar
      epithelium were also found. Transmission electron microscopy of these advanced
      lesions showed that the cuboidal epithelial cells retained most of the
      characteristics of type 2 pneumocytes but that they frequently exhibited apical
      cytoplasmic blebs normally associated with the apocrine secretion of Clara cells.
      Columnar cells exhibited all stages from fully cilitated to cells with only an
      occasional cilium among the normal cell surface microvilli. Alveolar or micro
      honeycomb spaces frequently contained clusters of pulmonary macrophages with
      their surface processes interdigitated but with no signs of fusion to giant
      cells. At more than 18 months after the end of dust inhalation these macrophages
      contained no chrysotile asbestos. The basement membranes beneath the epithelial
      layers of thickened septa were irregular and often convoluted as well as being
      much thicker than normal. Microscopic deposits of calcification were frequently
      found within the basement membrane material. Some thickened septa were relatively
      acellular, consisting mainly of masses of collagen fibrils but others were
      cellular and contained many macrophages, fibroblasts, plasma cells and mast
      cells. In these advanced lesions extremely little chrysotile asbestos was found
      and this was present in two sites only. Some chrysotile, always as individual
      fibrils and usually of short length, was present among collagen fibrils in areas
      of fibrosis and some was present within the thickened basement membranes.

PMID- 3699140
TI  - Annulate lamellae in guinea pig Sertoli cells.
AB  - Unilateral torsion of the spermatic cord was surgically induced in 24 Hartley
      strain guinea pigs. Groups of six animals were sacrificed 4, 8, 12, and 16 months
      after the surgery and testes were excised. Nine animals has severely damaged
      testes. Extensive study on the Sertoli cells of each of these nine animals was
      carried out after testicular tissues were processed for electron microscopy
      following the usual procedure. The majority of the affected seminiferous tubules
      contained a single layer of Sertoli cells without any differentiating germ cells.
      The Sertoli cells were vacuolated and contained highly lobulated nuclei. Each
      nucleus contained a nucleolus. The Sertoli cells contained an elaborate annulate
      lamellae system. The membranous portion of the annulate lamellae was associated
      with the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Close association of the
      annulate lamellae with the lysosomes and lipid droplets was found to be a
      consistent feature. Although it was not possible for us to predict the functional
      significance of these annulate lamellae, the present investigation clearly
      established for the first time, the presence of an annulate lamellae system in
      the Sertoli cell of a rodent species.

PMID- 3699141
TI  - Surface charge alterations in mouse fetal astrocytes due to methyl mercury: an
      ultrastructural study with cationized ferritin.
AB  - A brief exposure of low dose methylmercuric chloride to monolayer cultures of
      mouse fetal astrocytes caused a marked shift in the distribution of anionic
      groups on the surface membrane as evidenced by irregular disruption of cationized
      ferritin. It is suggested that one of the earliest changes following methyl
      mercury exposure in embryonic astrocytes includes alterations in the surface
      charge which may in turn trigger cascading toxic actions of methyl mercury in the
      developing brain.

PMID- 3699142
TI  - Pleomorphism of human prostatic cancer cells (DU 145) in culture--the role of
      cytoskeleton.
AB  - The role of cytoskeletal structure in the alteration of cell shape,
      multinucleation, and intracellular transport of human prostatic carcinoma cells
      DU 145 was investigated by light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron
      microscopy, and by immunofluorescence microscopy. It was confirmed that
      alterations in cell shape and surface topography, multinucleation, and
      intracellular transport of these cultured cells were regulated by a microfilament
      system composed of actin. The presence of prekeratin confirmed the epithelial
      nature of these cells. It was noted for the first time that these cells were
      highly motile and contained fewer microtubules, a moderate amount of intermediate
      filaments, and a large amount of microfilaments. "Displastic" cells were quite
      common in long-term culture. DU 145 cells are excellent in vitro models for
      further research on human prostatic cancer cells.

PMID- 3699143
TI  - [Effect of sulodexide on various metabolic risk factors in diabetic
      macroangiopathies].

PMID- 3699144
TI  - 2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone as a redox titrant.

PMID- 3699145
TI  - Opioid peptides. Structure-activity relationships in [OGly4] dermorphin
      tetrapeptides. X.
AB  - We describe the synthesis and preliminary in vitro and in vivo pharmacological
      tests of four [OGly4] tetrapeptide analogues of the opioid heptapeptide
      dermorphin H-Tyr-D-Ala-Phe-Gly-Tyr-Pro-Ser-NH2. The modification obtained by
      substituting aminoxy-acetic acid (OGly) for Gly4 provided analogues with
      substantial reduction of activity.

PMID- 3699146
TI  - Derivatives of 1,2,3,3-tetramethyl-2-azabicyclo-[2.2.2]octan-5-trans-ol with
      antiarrhythmic and other activities. VI.
AB  - The synthesis of a series of alkyl and aryl amides (IV) starting from 5-trans-(3
      aminopropoxy)-N-benzyl-1,2,3,3-tetramethyl-2-azabicyclo [2.2.2] octane is
      described. Some of compounds (IV) showed a moderate hypotensive activity in rats
      and infiltration anesthesia in mice. Effects on heart rate in rats and
      antiarrhythmic activity in mice were practically absent.

PMID- 3699147
TI  - [N-substituted p-fluorobenzencarboxyamides. Evaluation of the in vitro
      antimicrobial activity].
AB  - As part of our investigations on fluorine containing compounds of potential
      pharmacological interest, a series of N-substituted p-fluorobenzencarboxyamides,
      analogs of previously studied p-fluorobenzensolfonamides, was prepared. The in
      vitro antibacterial and antimycotic properties were also assayed. The replacement
      of the sulfonamide group with an isosteric carboxyamide one, was found to confer
      to trifluoromethylsubstituted compounds good activity against some strains of
      yeasts (Candida) and hyphomycetes (Tricophyton, Aspergillus, Microsporum,
      Epidermophyton). These compounds however are not very active against the gram
      positive and gram-negative bacteria on which the corresponding sulfonanilides
      showed significant activity.

PMID- 3699148
TI  - Structure-analgesic activity relationships in a set of 2-aminobenzamide
      derivatives.
AB  - A set of 2-aminobenzamide derivatives designed as analgesic following the
      principles of correlation analysis have been prepared and tested. The analgesic
      effects shown by these products are similar to those of non-narcotic analgesic
      drugs; moreover, they do not show antipyretic effects and are inactive or very
      poor inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis. Quantitative structure-activity
      relationships (QSAR) show that the analgesic potency (writhing test) is a
      function of the octanol-water partition coefficient. The predictive value of a
      correlation equation previously published is clearly demonstrated.

PMID- 3699149
TI  - Presence of cytochrome b-245 in NADPH oxidase preparations from human
      neutrophils.
AB  - The composition of NADPH oxidase purified by Red Sepharose chromatography of
      extracts from human neutrophil membranes was investigated. In contrast to that
      was recently reported by others, the enzyme isolated according to this procedure
      contained a high concentration of cytochrome b-245 and little FAD. The results
      reinforce the belief that cytochrome b-245 is a major component of the NADPH
      oxidase and plays a fundamental role in the formation of O2-by neutrophils.

PMID- 3699150
TI  - ADP-ribosylation of nuclear proteins is increased by phenobarbital.
      Identification of the ADP-ribosylated histone fractions in rat liver nuclei.
AB  - Changes in the ADP-ribosylation of total proteins and purified histones of rat
      liver nuclei after phenobarbital treatment (80 mg/kg, 24 h) have been studied.
      The [32P]NAD incorporation into total trichloroacetic acid precipitated proteins,
      in histone Hl and in core histones was evaluated, the specific radioactivities
      increasing 150, 40 and 8%, respectively. Histones Hl and H2B were the best ADP
      ribose acceptors. Histone H4 did not show any 32P incorporation, as revealed by
      autoradiography after SDS-PAGE of the purified histones, in either the control or
      phenobarbital treated rats. Possible involvement of ADP-ribosylation of nuclear
      proteins in the adaptative response of liver to phenobarbital is discussed.

PMID- 3699151
TI  - Deacylation kinetics of gamma-chymotrypsin in solution and in the crystal.
AB  - The rate of catalyzed hydrolysis of the acyl enzyme analogs indolacryloyl-gamma
      chymotrypsin and furylacryloyl-gamma-chymotrypsin in the crystal has been
      measured by single crystal microspectrophotometry and compared with the rate of
      catalyzed hydrolysis of acyl-gamma-chymotrypsin in solution and acyl-alpha
      chymotrypsin both in solution and in the crystal. The maximal deacylation rate is
      the same for both species and independent of the physical state. However, the pH
      dependence of the deacylation rate of crystalline acyl-gamma-chymotrypsin shows a
      0.9 unit shift in the pK of the catalytic system which is unique and probably
      consequent to specific lattice interactions.

PMID- 3699152
TI  - Low level of lipid peroxidation in newborn rats. Possible factors for resistance
      in hepatic microsomes.
AB  - Hepatic rough and smooth microsomes of newborn rats show less sensitivity to
      ascorbate- and NADPH-induced lipid peroxidation as compared to those of adult
      rats. Though optimum concentrations of Fe2+, ascorbate and Fe3+ significantly
      increase lipid peroxidation in both age groups, the lipid peroxidation observed
      in newborns is much less compared with that of adults. Microsomal fractions from
      newborn rats contain significantly lower amounts of phospholipid, NADPH
      cytochrome c reductase, cytochrome P-450 and a lower degree of unsaturation in
      lipids. These fractions also exhibit high cholesterol:phospholipid ratios. The
      resistance to lipid peroxidation observed in the newborns appears to be due to
      the low availability of substrate and high cholesterol:phospholipid ratio.

PMID- 3699153
TI  - Separation from protein kinase C--a calcium-independent TPA-activated
      phosphorylating system.
AB  - A calcium-independent but 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)- or
      diacylglycerol-activated phospholipid-dependent phosphorylating activity has been
      separated from protein kinase C. This has been made possible by employing calcium
      dependent hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The material bound to phenyl
      Sepharose in the presence of calcium at low ionic strength was eluted with EGTA
      and was protein kinase C. While the unbound material passing through the phenyl
      Sepharose column showed no appreciable protein kinase C activity, instead it had
      a high phosphorylating activity manifested in the absence of calcium and in the
      presence of TPA plus phospholipid. The identification of this phosphorylating
      activity, distinct from protein kinase C, leads to important clues to cellular
      responses monitored by TPA in the absence of calcium.

PMID- 3699154
TI  - Pulsed magnetic fields alter the cell surface.
AB  - Pulsed magnetic fields (PMFS) are routinely used in the medical community to
      facilitate bone repair in clinical cases of non-union or pseudarthoses [(1984)
      Orth. Clin. No. Am. 15, 61-87]. Although this therapeutic regimen appears to be
      reasonably effective, the mechanism of action between specific PMFs and the
      target tissue remains unknown. Adding urgency to the need to understand the
      mechanism are a wide number of reports that have appeared which demonstrate that
      PMFs similar to those in clinical use can alter many basic physiological
      functions. We report that a 24 h exposure to PMFs alters the cell surface of
      Physarum polycephalum amoebae. Further, using the technique of aqueous two-phase
      partitioning, we present evidence for individual magnetic and electric field,
      cell surface effects.

PMID- 3699155
TI  - Crystallographic determination of lanthanide ion binding to troponin C.
AB  - X-ray intensity data to 2.8 A resolution were collected from each of three
      crystals of turkey skeletal troponin C (TnC) that had been soaked individually in
      solutions containing the lanthanide ions europium, thulium and lutetium. Each of
      the resulting difference electron density maps computed for the three data sets
      showed three lanthanide ion-binding sites on the TnC molecule. Two of the sites
      are approximately coincident with the Ca2+ positions in binding loops III and IV
      and the third site is near the Ca2+-free loop I. The mode of ion binding in loop
      I is different from that commonly observed for Ca2+ in the Ca2+-binding proteins.

PMID- 3699156
TI  - Specificity studies on anti-histone H1 antibodies obtained by different
      immunization methods.
AB  - Antibodies were elicited against chromatographically purified histone H1
      subfractions or against their complexes with RNA and their specificity studied by
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results show that complexing of the pure
      protein with RNA does not lead to any significant increase in the antibody titer
      and results in obtaining antibodies predominantly against the common antigenic
      determinants present in the H1 histone class. On the other hand, using pure
      histone fractions for immunization gives rise to antibody populations reacting
      mainly with the subfraction-specific determinants on the histone molecule. In
      view of these results the literature data should be interpreted with caution.

PMID- 3699157
TI  - Energy-linked cardiac transport system for glutathione disulfide.
AB  - The relationship between the rate of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) export and the
      energy state was studied in isolated perfused rat heart. The intracellular GSSG
      level was maintained at saturation for transport (7.5 nmol GSSG X min-1 X g heart
      1) by continuous perfusion with 20 microM t-butyl hydroperoxide. GSSG release was
      substantially restricted upon the addition of inhibitors of mitochondrial
      respiration such as KCN, antimycin A or rotenone. In contrast, no effect was
      observed on GSSG release during potassium-induced cardiac arrest, although
      changes in oxygen consumption and coronary flow were similar to those observed
      with KCN. The dependence of the GSSG transport rate on the cytosolic free ATP/ADP
      ratio reveals that GSSG transport is half-maximal at (ATP/ADP)free approximately
      equal to 10. The capacity of GSSG transport was unchanged by infusion of
      epinephrine, norepinephrine or dibutyryl cyclic AMP.

PMID- 3699158
TI  - Analysis of folding intermediates from the main toxin of Naja naja samarensis
      containing two blocked cysteines.
AB  - The formation of folding intermediates blocked by iodoacetate from the main toxin
      of Naja naja samarensis was monitored by FPLC and the populations were identified
      by amino acid analyses. We have determined conditions allowing for the highest
      yield in the populations with two blocked cysteines. The free cysteines remaining
      under these conditions were labeled with iodo[14C]acetate and localized by
      peptide mapping in one of the products isolated by ion-exchange chromatography
      (NT3III). We have also investigated the effects on the native-like
      characteristics of such molecules of an incubation at equilibrium with a mixture
      of cysteine and cystine. We find that many different molecular populations are
      present during the folding process and that disulfide exchanges allow for the
      reconstitution of native-like products having open disulfides even under strongly
      denaturing conditions.

PMID- 3699159
TI  - Protein phosphorylation in isolated mitochondria and the effects of protein
      kinase C.
AB  - When isolated intact rat liver mitochondria are incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP the
      major phosphorylated proteins are those of 47 and 36 kDa. Phosphorylation of the
      47 kDa protein, but not of the 36 kDa protein, is inhibited by
      carboxyatractyloside, an inhibitor of mitochondrial ATP uptake, while
      phosphorylation of the 36 kDa protein is inhibited by various uncouplers and an
      inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration. Addition of purified protein kinase C to
      the isolated mitochondria leads to the phosphorylation of 69, 37 and 17 kDa
      proteins. As with other substrates for protein kinase C, phosphorylation of these
      proteins is dependent on Ca2+ and markedly stimulated by various tumor promoters.

PMID- 3699160
TI  - Volume-dependent and NEM-stimulated K+,Cl- transport is elevated in oxygenated
      SS, SC and CC human red cells.
AB  - Mechanisms involved in cell volume regulation are important in SS, SC cells as
      they might be involved in determining the extent of sickling and the generation
      of dense cells and irreversibly sickled cells. We have studied in these cells the
      response to cell swelling of the K+,Cl- transporter. We found that Hb SS, SC and
      CC red cells have higher values of a ouabain-resistant, chloride-dependent and
      NEM-stimulated K+ efflux than AA red cells. In contrast, the Na+,K+,Cl-
      cotransport estimated from the bumetanide-sensitive component of K+ efflux was
      not significantly different in SS, SC and CC red cells. The (ouabain +
      bumetanide)-resistant K+ efflux from SS, SC and CC red cells was stimulated by
      cell swelling induced by reduction of the osmotic pressure (300 to 220 mosmol/l)
      and pH (8 to 7) of the flux media (140 mM NaCl). The Cl--dependent K+ efflux
      stimulated by osmotic swelling highly correlated with the NEM-stimulated
      component (r = 0.8, p less than 0.001, n = 22) and the acid-pH-induced swelling
      (r = 0.969, p less than 0.001, n = 22), indicating that it is driven by the K+,Cl
      transporter.

PMID- 3699161
TI  - Limitation in glucose penetration from the liver into blood and other metabolic
      symptoms of ethanol withdrawal in rats.
AB  - Studies were undertaken to determine whether the distribution of glycolytic
      intermediates between the blood and liver in rats would be changed upon ethanol
      consumption and after its withdrawal. More drastic impairment of energy
      metabolism appeared to occur after ethanol withdrawal than upon chronic ethanol
      ingestion. The major metabolic manifestations of withdrawal were severe
      hypoglycemia, hyperlactatemia and dramatic hypopyruvatemia. The liver/blood
      gradient of glucose attained a value of 4.2 after ethanol withdrawal, suggesting
      that glucose penetration from the liver into circulation became limited. Besides,
      glycogen was accumulated in the liver of withdrawn animals despite the severe
      hypoglycemia.

PMID- 3699162
TI  - Blood glucose and liver glycogen in the rat. Effects of chronic ethanol
      consumption and its withdrawal on the diurnal rhythms.
AB  - In rats, chronic ethanol consumption results in moderate hypoglycemia with no
      great changes in the diurnal patterns of blood glucose and hepatic glucose.
      Marked alterations of the diurnal rhythm of liver glycogen were observed in
      ethanol-fed animals, the phase of the rhythm being shifted and the daily mean and
      minimum levels being lowered. After withdrawal of ethanol consumption, blood
      glucose remained at a nearly constant level for 18 h, but then decreased sharply
      causing the liver/blood gradient of glucose to increase up to 4. Liver glycogen
      varied with a small amplitude and a nearly inverted phase in withdrawn rats as
      compared to controls.

PMID- 3699163
TI  - Activation of phosphatidylinositol synthesis by different agonists in a primary
      culture of smooth muscle cells grown on collagen microcarriers.
AB  - Regulation of inositol phosphate synthesis was examined in a primary culture of
      vascular smooth muscle cells grown on collagen-coated microcarriers. In the
      presence of LiCl (10 mM), four agonists [serotonin, angiotensin, (arginine)
      vasopressin and noradrenaline] were found to stimulate the formation of inositol
      phosphates in a dose-dependent manner. All agonists were found to have identical
      and additive effects on the time course of inositol phosphate formation.
      Therefore, our primary cell culture technique was proved to give smooth muscle
      cells suitable for the study of modulation of phosphoinositide metabolism in
      response to physiological effectors.

PMID- 3699164
TI  - Primary structure of a major sialyl-saccharide alditol from human amniotic mucins
      expressing the tumor-associated sialyl-X antigenic determinant.
AB  - A major sialyl-saccharide alditol isolated from mucins of human amniotic fluid
      was purified by high-performance liquid chromatography followed by high
      performance thin-layer chromatography of the methylated derivative and subjected
      to structural analyses which comprised fast atom bombardment and electron impact
      mass spectrometry, methylation analysis, exoglycosidase digestion and CrO3
      oxidation. The structure of a disialylated pentasaccharide characterized by a
      sialyl-X antigenic determinant was established: (formula; see text)

PMID- 3699165
TI  - Acyclic model peptides with ionophoretic activity. Pr3+ transport by N-tBoc-Pro
      Xxx-Ala-NHCH3.
AB  - Two linear synthetic peptides, N-tBoc-Pro-Gly-Ala-NHCH3 and N-tBoc-Pro-D-Ala-Ala
      NHCH3, have previously been shown by us to complex with Ca2+ and form 2:1
      (peptide:calcium) complexes. Here we report their binding to Pr3+ and
      demonstrate, by 1H NMR, the peptide-mediated transport of Pr3+ across
      dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine unilamellar vesicles via a 2:1 ion-sandwich
      complex.

PMID- 3699166
TI  - Oxygen dependence of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase and vitamin K epoxidase.
AB  - A study of the oxygen requirements of the rat liver microsomal vitamin K
      dependent carboxylase and vitamin K 2,3-epoxidase indicated that both enzymes had
      a Km for O2 in the range 60-80 microM. This value was not influenced by vitamin
      concentration, alterations in carboxylase substrate, Mn2+, or dithiothreitol, and
      is consistent with the hypothesis that both activities are catalyzed by the same
      enzyme.

PMID- 3699167
TI  - A step sensitive to pertussis toxin and phorbol ester in human neutrophils
      regulates chemotaxis and capping but not phagocytosis.
AB  - Treatment of human neutrophils with pertussis toxin (PT) abolishes chemotaxis in
      response to either platelet-activating factor (PAF) or f-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP), and
      capping induced via the concanavalin A (Con A) receptor. These functional effects
      are accompanied by the inhibition of calcium mobilization by PAF, FMLP and Con A.
      The agent phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) also inhibits chemotaxis and
      capping as well as calcium mobilization by these receptors. In sharp contrast,
      neither PT, cholera toxin (CT), nor PMA, inhibits the phagocytosis of non
      opsonized and opsonized Candida albicans, sheep erythrocytes or fluorescent latex
      beads. Our results suggest that receptor-initiated chemotaxis and capping involve
      a step that is sensitive to PT and PMA, and that phagocytosis is not regulated in
      a similar fashion.

PMID- 3699168
TI  - Report of the National Symposium on the Clinical Management of Prolactin-Related
      Reproductive Disorders.

PMID- 3699169
TI  - The better prognosis in secondary infertility is associated with a higher
      proportion of ovulation disorders.
AB  - To determine the reason for the higher pregnancy rate in couples with secondary
      infertility, the authors compared 237 infertile couples who had a previous
      pregnancy in the current partnership (secondary infertility) with 135 infertile
      couples in whom the woman had been pregnant only in a previous partnership and
      925 couples with primary infertility. Couples with secondary infertility had the
      highest proportion of ovulation disorders (36%); these couples with secondary
      infertility and an ovulation disorder had the shortest duration of infertility
      (26 months). Cumulative pregnancy rates at 36 months were 56% in secondary
      fertility, 44% in primary infertility, and 42% in pregnancy in a previous
      partnership (P = 0.001). In this study, the better prognosis in secondary
      infertility may be related to the higher proportion of couples with ovulation
      disorders, who had a shorter duration of infertility. Abortion rates in the
      earlier pregnancies with current or previous partners were 37% and 30%,
      respectively; after the period of infertility, the abortion rates were 14% and
      12%, respectively.

PMID- 3699170
TI  - In vitro fertilization in couples with male factor infertility.
AB  - The data from 83 consecutive in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer cycles were
      examined with emphasis on the presence of subfertile male parameters, including
      abnormal sperm density, motility, morphologic features, or an abnormal result in
      the sperm penetration assay (zona-free hamster ova penetration). There were 25
      cycles (21 couples) in which there was a solitary or coexistent abnormal male
      factor. The presence of a male factor was associated with a lower fertilization
      rate and fewer embryos transferred. Statistically important reductions in the
      fertilization rate occurred with reduced sperm density and abnormal motility, but
      not with abnormal morphologic features. The parameter that was most significantly
      associated with human ova fertilizability was the ability to exceed two
      penetrations per egg in the sperm penetration assay.

PMID- 3699171
TI  - Correlation between the zona-free hamster egg sperm penetration assay and human
      in vitro fertilization.
AB  - The association between in vitro fertilization (IVF) and the zona-free hamster
      egg sperm penetration assay (SPA) was studied in 134 couples. The indications for
      IVF were tubal disease in 82 couples, unexplained infertility in 23, male
      infertility in 10, and combined mechanical and male factors in 19. In general, a
      positive SPA was a good predictor of subsequent IVF (91 of 107 couples).
      Specificity (number of couples with fertilization in vitro divided by the number
      of couples with a positive SPA times 100) was 94% for tubal infertility, 76% for
      unexplained infertility, and 46% for male infertility. A negative SPA predicted
      an overall fertilization failure of 78% (21 of 27 couples). Sensitivity of the
      test (number of couples with IVF failure divided by the number of couples with a
      negative SPA times 100) was 100% for tubal and unexplained infertility but only
      63% for male infertility. The high predictive value of the SPA for subsequent IVF
      outcome in tubal infertility and unexplained infertility warrants its routine use
      for prescreening in IVF programs. Because of the lack of association between SPA
      and IVF in oligoasthenospermia, the bioassay should not be relied upon for
      predicting IVF outcome in male subfertility. The overall high association between
      the animal model and human IVF reinforces the use of the SPA for both basic
      research and clinical decision-making.

PMID- 3699172
TI  - Acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa.
AB  - Human spermatozoa were allowed to undergo the acrosome reaction in vitro by
      incubation in media with or without reagents known to accelerate the onset of the
      acrosome reaction. The first observable change before the acrosome reaction was a
      partial decondensation of the acrosomal matrix. This was followed by
      invaginations of the outer acrosomal membrane alone or of both the plasma and
      outer acrosomal membranes, which resulted in formation of many vesicles within
      the acrosomal cap. Subsequently, the plasma and outer acrosomal membranes fused,
      but the fusion was seldom seen in the acrosomal cap region. On the other hand,
      fusion of the two membranes was observed consistently at the anterior end of the
      equatorial segment of the acrosome. Soon after the membranes over the acrosomal
      cap disappeared, many vesicles, which were originally within the cap, were seen
      on or in the vicinity of the inner acrosomal membrane. These vesicles dispersed
      eventually, leaving the inner acrosomal membrane completely exposed. Thus the
      acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa seems to proceed in a way somewhat
      different from that in spermatozoa of most other species, although the end result
      of the reaction is the same.

PMID- 3699173
TI  - Long-term medical therapy and follow-up of pediatric-adolescent patients with
      prolactin-secreting macroadenomas.

PMID- 3699174
TI  - Heterotopic pregnancy after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.
AB  - We have presented a second case of heterotopic pregnancy after IVF-ET. The most
      likely cause is direct extrusion of embryos through the tubal ostia by the
      hydrostatic pressure associated with ET. The diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy must
      be suspected clinically and not ruled out on the sonographic demonstration of an
      intrauterine pregnancy. Early diagnosis is essential for the prevention of
      significant maternal morbidity and mortality after IVF-ET.

PMID- 3699175
TI  - Resectoscopic management of mullerian fusion defects.
AB  - Of the 103 patients taken to the operating room for hysteroscopic resection of a
      septum, 72 underwent successful resection of the septum. The initial hysterogram
      can identify those patients who may benefit from the procedure but cannot
      discriminate between bicornuate and septate uteri. Knowledge of the size and
      contour of the uterus is essential to the final decision to proceed
      transcervically, opposed to transabdominally. In the transcervical repair group,
      at the time this article was written, there were 58 term deliveries and 5 ongoing
      pregnancies greater than 30 weeks (1 had a spontaneous abortion after surgery and
      subsequently conceived a term pregnancy), for a successful pregnancy rate of 86%.
      This correlated well with the pregnancy rates observed after metroplasty.
      Therefore, hysteroscopic resection constitutes a valuable alternative to the
      classical transabdominal approach.

PMID- 3699176
TI  - Correlation of sperm count with frequency of ejaculation.

PMID- 3699177
TI  - Normal penetration of hamster ova by human spermatozoa with dyskinetic motility.

PMID- 3699178
TI  - Semen cryopreservation by cancer patients.

PMID- 3699179
TI  - Preservation of the ovary.

PMID- 3699180
TI  - [Modulation of emotional reactions via biocontrolled readjustment of intercentral
      relations].
AB  - In cats, changes in the feedback between the strength of current used for
      hypothalamic stimulation and the theta--rhythm of temporal cortex exert diverse
      effects on conditioned response of fear evolved by means of combining an auditory
      stimulus with electrical stimulation of the same hypothalamic area. Biocontrolled
      micropolarizattion (BMP) with positive feedback suppresses, whereas BMP with
      negative feedback enhances the conditioned response. The changes in the feedback
      during BMP between excitation of temporal cortex and the hypothalamus seem to be
      a modulation of connections between the centers of conditioned and unconditioned
      stimuli.

PMID- 3699181
TI  - [Permeability of components of the air-blood barrier to water evaluated by the
      radionuclide method].
AB  - Permeability of the pulmonary and bronchial endothelium, interstitium and
      epithelium for triated water was determined on isolated canine lungs.
      Permeability of alveolar epithelium for water is 2.5-fold lower than that of
      endothelium, and water mass transfer occurs primarily through molecular
      diffusion. In the bronchial circulation, diffusion and convection of water takes
      place, and endothelium is the main site of resistance for water transfer across
      the air-blood barrier.

PMID- 3699182
TI  - [Role of afferentation from mechanoreceptors of the aortic arch and carotid
      sinuses in the long-term control of sympathetic tone].
AB  - In anesthetized cats, the enhancement of sympathetic activity and increase of the
      blood pressure in exclusion of afferents (section of vagosympathetic trunks and
      clamping of common carotid arteries) as well as the disappearance of the activity
      in enhanced afferentation, were shown to be transient and to disappear within a
      few minutes-scores of minutes in spite of the going on deafferentation or
      enhancement of afferentation. The afferent influences from the arterial
      baroreceptors seem to have no major significance for the long-term control of
      sympathetic tone.

PMID- 3699183
TI  - [Analysis of the effect of volley stimulation of the vago-sympathetic trunk on
      establishment of the heart rate].
AB  - In electrical stimulation of the frog vago-sympathetic nerve, oscillations of the
      cardiac rhythm depended upon changes of the pacemaker MPs.

PMID- 3699184
TI  - [Response of active microvascular segments in the pial artery system to
      photostimulation of the ey in the rabbit].
AB  - Photomicrography revealed the dynamics of pial ertarial responses, their active
      segments in particular: the sphincters at offshoots of minor arteries from the
      larger vessels, and the precortical arteries. On retinal photostimulation, the
      precortical arteries were found to dilate quite often (72%); the sphincters at
      offshoots in 50%, and the minor arteries in 38% of cases, while the larger pial
      arteries showed no dilatation at all. The dilatation was most pronounced in the
      precortical arteries and in the sphincter areas (25% of the control diameter),
      and less significant in minor pial arteries (10%). The data obtained indicate
      that the precortical arteries are the basic vascular effectors of regulation of
      adequate microcirculation in the cerebral cortex.

PMID- 3699185
TI  - [Role of arteriolar heterogeneity on the development of the organ response of the
      vasculature of the skeletal muscles of the rat to constrictor stimuli].
AB  - A correlation was found between the initial relative thickness of vascular wall
      and the extent of vasoconstriction in response to standard stimulation of
      sympathetic strings. The distribution of vessels within the wall was comprised in
      mathematical model which estimated interrelationships among three variables:
      pressure perfusate expenditure and a conventional dose of vasoconstricting agent.
      The model revealed that intense vasoconstrictory responses entailed a decrease in
      the number of functioning vessels. When perfusing the rat hindlimbs with a
      constant expenditure in maximal vasoconstriction, the number of functioning
      microvessels decreased by 46 +/- 11.9%.

PMID- 3699186
TI  - [Effect of glucocorticoid hormones on the antigen-induced response of the cyclase
      systems of splenic cells in the rat and mouse].
AB  - The cyclic nucleotides level in rat and mouse cells increased after immunization
      with SRBS. These changes were absent in the tolerant mouse spleen. The cyclic
      nucleotides level in the rat spleen cells increased after injection of 0.5-1.0
      mg, but not 5 mg/100 g of body weight of cortisol. Administration of cortisol (1
      5 mg/100 g but not 0.5 mg/100 g) 10 min before immunization with SRBS (1 X 10(9)
      cells) prevents the elevation of cyclic nucleotides level induced by the antigen.
      Adrenalectomy 2 days before immunization results in the inhibition of cAMP
      reaction to antigen. The reaction of cyclic nucleotides of the spleen cells to
      antigen in the whole organism seems to depend on the hormones of the hypothalamus
      hypophysis-adrenal-cortex system. It is possible that some optimal level of these
      hormones is necessary for the normal response of the spleen cells cyclic
      nucleotides to antigen.

PMID- 3699187
TI  - [Effect of folliculin and estradiol-dipropionate on the phagocytic properties of
      the blood neutrophils of the female white rat].
AB  - In the female rat blood, prior to and 5, and 50 days after bilateral ovarectomy
      with the substitutional administration of 50 units of folliculin and estradiol-
      dipropionate subcutaneously every 48 hrs for 50 days, a progressing decrease of
      the phagocytic activity was observed. Under the effect of estradiol--dipropionate
      the phagocytic activity reduced after ovarectomy was gradually returning to the
      initial level, whereas under the effect of folliculin the phagocytic activity
      increased proportionally to the time of incubation of blood with Staphylococcus
      aureus bacterial areas. The phagocytic activity of the blood neutrophiles seems
      to depend on estrogens.

PMID- 3699188
TI  - [Circulation, oxygen and acid-base balance in the extremities in response to
      stimulation of the sympathetic trunk].
AB  - The lumbar part of the dog right sympathetic trunk was stimulated with the 20 Hz
      current. This entailed a rise of general and regional arterial tension, a
      reduction of arterial lumen in the extremity, a decrease of volume blood flow and
      pulse blood content, a retardation of microcirculation, a decline of oxygen
      tension in tissues, a development of metabolic acidemia, a depression of
      oxidative process, an alteration of oxygen utilization in blood. Frequent
      recurrence of the stimulation brought about accumulation of the above changes.

PMID- 3699189
TI  - [Mechanisms of chemical thermoregulation in mature and immature-born animals at
      an early postnatal age].
AB  - The energy contribution of motor activity and gray fat to the total heat
      production was studied in 3-4-day old mice Acomys cochirinus and Wistar rats at
      ambient temperatures 37 degrees C, 34 degrees C and 30 degrees C. At lower
      ambient temperature, the motor activity and the total heat production were found
      to increase. A significant positive correlation was found among the motor
      activity, total heat production and temperature of the gray fat tissue. The
      latter exceeded the rectal temperature by 0.6-1.0 degrees C in all animals in all
      conditions. The 3-4-day old animals produce more heat per unit of motor activity
      than the 8-10-day old animals.

PMID- 3699190
TI  - [Effect of noradrenaline on oxidative metabolism in the golden hamster adapted to
      cold].
AB  - I. m. administration of 0.2 mg/kg noradrenaline enhanced the oxidative metabolism
      both in the whole organism and in skeletal muscles in vivo in golden hamsters. In
      the hamsters adapted to cold (+4 degrees C) during 40 days the effect of
      noradrenaline was particularly obvious. The data obtained suggest a major energy
      power of the skeletal muscles as well as initiation of non-contractile heat
      production in them in the golden hamsters adapted to cold.

PMID- 3699191
TI  - [Multiple measurements of parameters of systemic and regional hemodynamics in the
      alert rat].

PMID- 3699192
TI  - [Changes in sinus rhythm after vagal and total extracardiac denervation of the
      heart].

PMID- 3699193
TI  - Recessive lethal t haplotypes increase the frequency of the partial trisomy of
      chromosome 17 (including the T-t complex) among offspring of T(16;17)43H female
      mice.
AB  - The male-sterile reciprocal autosomal translocation T(16;17)43H displays a high
      frequency of adjacent-2 disjunction in meiosis of translocation heterozygotes.
      One haploid product of this abnormal chromosome segregation leads to viable
      partial trisomy of chromosome 17 after fertilization. The frequency of trisomics
      increases in the progeny of T43H/+ females when the wild-type allelic form of T-t
      complex is substituted for t12, tw32 or t6 recessive lethal haplotypes. Indirect
      evidence supports the idea that the suppression of crossing-over by t haplotypes
      is linked with the increase in adjacent-2 disjunction and subsequent Ts43H
      trisomy. The possible use of Ts43H trisomy for genetic dissection of the T-t
      complex is briefly discussed.

PMID- 3699194
TI  - [Aromatization of androstenedione and 19-nortestosterone in human placenta, liver
      and adipose tissues].
AB  - Aromatization of C-19-steroid (androstenedione; delta 4 A) and C-19 norsteroid
      (19-nortestosterone; NT) was measured in human placenta, liver and adipose
      tissues. The tissue homogenates (0.5 approximately 1.0 g w.w.) were incubated
      with [6, 7-3H]-delta 4 A or [6, 7-3H]-NT (10 microCi) and NADPH (1 mg/ml of 0.1M
      bisodium phosphate buffer) at 37 degrees C for 2 hr in air. The enzyme reaction
      was terminated with 3 volumes of ethyl acetate, and [4-14C]-estrone (E1) and [4
      14C]-estradiol-17 beta (E2) (10,000 dpm, 250 micrograms) were added in the
      incubated sample. The extract with ethyl acetate was subjected to Bio-Rad AG1-X2
      column chromatography. The phenol fraction thus obtained was subjected to thin
      layer chromatography (TLC) (cyclohexane-ethyl acetate = 2:1, V/V and chloroform
      ethyl ether = 4:1, V/V). The resulting E1 and E2 were finally isolated by co
      crystallization to constant specific activity and 3H/14C ratio of crystal crops.
      In human placental microsomes, estrogen formation from delta 4 A and NT was 8.10
      and 1.84 pmol E1 + E2/hr/mg protein, respectively. In adult liver homogenates,
      only E1 (35-76 fmol/hr/g) was formed from delta 4 A, but E1 and E2 were formed
      (70 and 31-61 fmol/hr/g, respectively) from NT. On the other hand, adipose tissue
      had the ability to aromatize delta 4 A to E1 (38-69 fmol/hr/g), but its ability
      to aromatize NT was significantly lower than that for delta 4 A. These results
      show that NT is readily aromatized to estrogens in the liver.

PMID- 3699195
TI  - [Role of renal dopamine receptor in the pathogenesis of hypertension after sodium
      loading].
AB  - The purpose of this study is to clarify the role of renal dopamine receptor in
      the pathogenesis of salt-dependent hypertension. Male Wistar rats were raised
      under three different conditions, control, 1% NaCl loading (NaCl) and 1% NaCl
      plus metoclopramide with a dose of 1.5 mg/kg daily (MC), for 2 weeks. Then, renal
      plasma membranes were prepared by ultracentrifugation method, and maximal binding
      capacity (Bmax) and dissociation constant (Kd) were determined by Scatchard
      analysis using 3H-spiperone. And plasma aldosterone and prolactin concentration
      in these three groups were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: Systolic blood
      pressure measured tail-cuff method significantly elevated in MC group, but not
      control and NaCl group. Bmax of renal dopamine receptor was 535.9 +/- 85.0
      fmol/mg protein, 594.9 +/- 159.3 fmol/mg protein, 529.1 +/- 166.1 fmol/mg
      protein, in control, NaCl and MC group, respectively. Kd of renal dopamine
      receptor in NaCl group was significantly lower than control (p less than 0.05).
      Renal dopamine contents of NaCl and MC group were lower than control. There was a
      negative correlation between renal dopamine content and Bmax of renal dopamine
      receptor in NaCl group (r = -0.95, p less than 0.02). In MC group, plasma
      aldosterone concentration was slightly higher than control and NaCl group, but
      there was no differences in plasma prolactin concentration among these three
      groups.

PMID- 3699196
TI  - [Studies on plasma insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I levels in normal subjects
      and in patients with various endocrine and metabolic diseases using
      radioimmunoassay for synthetic IGF-I (26-46)].
AB  - Determination of plasma IGF-I concentrations is not easily accessible to clinical
      use at present because of extremely limited supply of purified natural IGF-I
      essential for its assay system. Thus, an alternative method has recently been
      introduced by the development of a specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) for IGF-I (26
      46). We examined the specificity and sensitivity of this assay system, and then
      investigated the changes in plasma concentrations of IGF-I in normal children,
      adults and in patients with various endocrine and metabolic diseases. Each plasma
      sample was subjected to acid-ethanol treatment before assay to separate IGF-I
      from its binding protein. The recovery rate of known amount of IGF-I (26-46)
      added to untreated plasma sample was more than 90%. The coefficients of variation
      of intra- and interassay were 9.0% and 13.6%, respectively. This assay system was
      able to detect IGF-I as low as 10 pg/tube. When plasma sample of a patient with
      active acromegaly was applied to Sephadex G-75 column, immunoreactive IGF-I was
      eluted at the position of 7,000 molecular weight. An inhibition curve of plasma
      extract from an acromegalic patient was parallel to that of IGF-I (26-46),
      indicating that the RIA could detect IGF-I. There was no remarkable difference
      between IGF-I values of plasma and serum from the same individual. The value of
      IGF-I concentration of cord plasma was considerably low (144 +/- 6.7 pg/ml, M +/-
      SEM) as compared with that of sera of 49 normal children aged 7-12 12 years (320
      +/- 14.3 pg/ml). The highest value (460 +/- 54 pg/ml) was attained at the age of
      13 years, followed by gradual decrease toward adult age. Plasma IGF-I
      concentration of normal adults between 20 and 69 years of age was 290 +/- 10
      pg/ml. When plasma IGF-I values of adult males and females were separately
      plotted against age group of each decade, the value declined gradually with age
      in males while in females there was a remarkable increase in plasma IGF-I
      concentration at 4th and 5th decades, suggesting the effect of hormonal change at
      menopause on plasma IGF-I levels. There was a good correlation between disorders
      of GH secretion and plasma IGF-I concentrations. In 10 cases of active acromegaly
      the level was 506 +/- 67 pg/ml (285-970 pg/ml). On the other hand in 20 patients
      with pituitary dwarfism it was only 180 +/- 15 pg/ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 3699197
TI  - [Serum thyroglobulin levels in patients with thyroid tumor].
AB  - Serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels were measured in 15 normal volunteers, 69
      patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma, 22 with adenoma, 45 with
      adenomatous goiter, 5 with functioning adenoma and 24 with Graves' disease,
      utilizing a double antibody radioimmunoassay technique. Serum Tg levels in the
      normal volunteers were found to be less than 30 ng/ml as determined from their
      mean value, i.e., 16.9 +/- 13.4 ng/ml (mean + 2SD), whereas serum Tg in the
      patients with various thyroid disorders showed significantly elevated (P less
      than 0.01). Serum Tg of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma without
      distant metastasis was 71 +/- 7 ng/ml (mean +/- SE), that in adenoma 124 +/- 22
      ng/ml, that in adenomatous goiter 147 +/- 19 ng/ml, that in functioning adenoma
      120 +/- 41 ng/ml, and that in Basedow disease 122 +/- 22 ng/ml. Furthermore, it
      appears that Tg concentration in serum is correlated with the size of the nodules
      in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (P less than 0.01) and benign nodules (P less
      than 0.05). Present results suggest that thyroid tumor also release Tg into serum
      in addition to Tg stored in the normal tissue. Furthermore, the level of
      circulating Tg in patient is not correlated to the level of serum TSH. In treated
      differentiated thyroid carcinoma, serum Tg levels were markedly reduced (21 +/- 2
      ng/ml) in patients with no evidence of either recurrences or metastases, but
      significantly elevated in those with recurrences and/or metastases (257 +/- 109
      ng/ml). Therefore, serum Tg measurements in the follow-up of patients treated for
      differentiated thyroid carcinoma are useful in the search for recurrences or
      metastases.

PMID- 3699198
TI  - [Evaluation of the dopaminergic neuroendocrine control of prolactin release
      during labor in humans].
AB  - Eight women with normal term pregnancy were i.v. administered 10 mg
      Metoclopramide (M), dopamine antagonist, before and during labor. Serum prolactin
      (PRL), TSH, GH and cortisol levels were measured at -30, 0, 30 and 60 minutes
      after M administration by specific radioimmunoassay. Basal serum PRL levels
      before labor, 287.5 +/- 28.6 ng/ml (mean +/- S.E.), significantly declined during
      labor to 237.0 +/- 22.4 and 216.4 +/- 22.9 ng/ml (p less than 0.05 at both) at 0
      and 30 minutes before M administration, respectively. The increments in serum PRL
      at 30 and 60 minutes after M administration during labor (209.5 +/- 33.9 and
      120.0 +/- 27.1 ng/ml, respectively) were not significantly different from those
      before labor (202.1 +/- 48.7 and 89.9 +/- 30.1 ng/ml, respectively), suggesting
      that the decline in serum PRL levels during labor is not due to the dopaminergic
      control. Basal serum TSH and GH levels were not significantly changed by labor
      and M administration either before or during labor. Serum cortisol levels tended
      to increase during labor, but these changes were not significant. The data
      suggest that the PRL releases from the pituitary during labor are not controlled
      by the dopaminergic mechanism.

PMID- 3699199
TI  - Asbestos associated disease of the lung and pleura.

PMID- 3699200
TI  - Early pathogenetic mechanisms of asbestos-induced lung injury.

PMID- 3699201
TI  - The occupational physician and the community physician: a team?

PMID- 3699203
TI  - The role of health care personnel in Du Pont's employee health improvement
      program.

PMID- 3699202
TI  - Etiology of carpal: tunnel syndrome.

PMID- 3699204
TI  - Reproductive hazards in the workplace.

PMID- 3699205
TI  - Decision points in occupational medicine.

PMID- 3699206
TI  - [Circumscribed scleroderma--local treatment with a dexamethasone
      dimethylsulfoxide preparation].

PMID- 3699207
TI  - [Case report of lichen aureus].

PMID- 3699208
TI  - [Andrologic aspects of the therapy of hereditary angioneurotic edema].

PMID- 3699209
TI  - [Time course studies on the 8-methoxypsoralen photosensitizing effect on human
      lymphocytes].

PMID- 3699210
TI  - [PUVA therapy of lichen ruber planus--a histological study].

PMID- 3699211
TI  - [Coexistence of psoriasis vulgaris and porphyria cutanea tarda in a patient
      treated with hydroxycarbamid. Case report].

PMID- 3699212
TI  - [Self assessment of the effect of antihistaminics by patients with chronic
      recurring urticaria].

PMID- 3699213
TI  - [Recommendations on the nomenclature of psoriasis].

PMID- 3699214
TI  - [Eruptive disseminated syringomas].

PMID- 3699215
TI  - 'Mondor's phlebitis'--a lymphovascular process. Light and electron microscopic
      indications.
AB  - Histological details of 2 cases of 'Mondor's phlebitis' suggest that we are
      dealing with a process affecting lymphatic vessels. Fibrin thrombus formation
      with mycotic organization and capillary recanalization as well as fibromuscular
      hyperplasia of the vessel wall with infiltration of the surrounding fatty tissue
      determine the pathogenesis of the disease. 'Lymphangiofibrosis thrombotica
      occlusiva' is a more appropriate term.

PMID- 3699216
TI  - Incidence of brittle nails.
AB  - Only few reports exist about the occurrence of brittle nails. We examined 1,584
      persons with respect to the incidence of this anomaly. The patients were from
      five different groups: outpatients of a dental clinic, blood donors, residents of
      an old people's home, patients of a clinic for internal diseases and patients of
      a general practice. Approximately 20% of the subjects examined had brittle nails.
      Women suffered from brittleness of nails much more frequently than men (27 vs.
      13%) with a ratio of men to women from 1:1.6 to 1:7 depending on age. 44% of the
      subjects affected (75% of the females, 25% of the males) had tried one or several
      treatments but only 26% believed in their curative effect. The market for the
      therapy of brittle nails in the FRG is estimated to be between 2 and 4 million
      people.

PMID- 3699217
TI  - Lack of skeletal radiographic changes during short-term etretinate therapy for
      psoriasis.
AB  - We prospectively analyzed radiographic skeletal surveys of eight patients who
      received etretinate therapy for psoriasis at doses ranging from 0.5 to 1.2
      mg/kg/day for 6-18 months. Although subtle skeletal changes could have been
      obscured by some of our patients' other radiographic abnormalities, no bony
      changes that could be attributed to etretinate were detected in any of these
      patients.

PMID- 3699218
TI  - Psoriasis treatment: faster clearance when UVB-dithranol is combined with topical
      clobetasol propionate.
AB  - Fifty patients with plaque psoriasis were treated with dithranol and UVB 5 days
      per week. Twenty-six of these patients also received 13 treatments (once daily in
      the 1st week, every other day in the 2nd week, twice in the 3rd week and once in
      the 4th week) with topical clobetasol propionate. The median time for clearance
      was 2.5 weeks for those on the clobetasol propionate-dithranol-UVB combination
      compared with 4 weeks when only dithranol-UVB was used. Scaling and induration of
      the lesions disappeared during the first 2 weeks of treatment with clobetasol
      propionate-dithranol-UVB which was a significant improvement compared with
      dithranol-UVB alone. The time of remission in patients completely cleared was the
      same in the two groups. Relapses occurred slightly more often in the clobetasol
      propionate treated than in the control group (during treatment 5 of 26 versus 2
      of 24; after 6 months 7 of 18 versus 4 of 15) but the differences were not
      statistically significant. The study shows that addition of topical clobetasol
      propionate according to our schedule to the traditional dithranol-UVB regimen of
      psoriasis results in a more rapid clearance of lesions without undesirable side
      effects.

PMID- 3699219
TI  - Dermatomyositis associated with idiopathic thrombocytopenia.
AB  - A case of dermatomyositis is described with the simultaneous appearance of
      clinical and laboratory features of myositis, skin involvement and idiopathic
      thrombocytopenia with associated anti-platelet antibodies.

PMID- 3699220
TI  - Deafness and vitiligo in an Italian family.

PMID- 3699221
TI  - Evolutionary development of lymphocyte heterogeneity: leucocyte subpopulations in
      the Pacific hagfish.
AB  - Flow cytometric analysis of forward angle versus 90 degree scatter patterns of
      hagfish peripheral blood revealed two distinct leucocyte populations with size
      characteristics analogous to mammalian monocytes/granulocytes (hagfish large
      leucocytes) and small lymphocytes (hagfish small leucocytes). A cell population
      enhanced for the small leucocytes was obtained by density gradient
      centrifugation. Over 70% of the small leucocyte population consistently stained
      with a rabbit antiserum directed against polypeptide determinants on hagfish
      immunoglobulin, while staining of the large cell population was greatly reduced
      (less than 10%). A panel of monoclonal antibodies raised against a crude hagfish
      leucocyte preparation distinguished the two cell populations and revealed the
      existence of subpopulations of both small and large leucocytes.

PMID- 3699223
TI  - Effect of corticosteroids on the thymus of the fish Oryzias latipes.
AB  - Morphology and development of the thymus in fish Oryzias latipes was studied in
      response to corticosteroids. Adult fish were subjected to different
      concentrations of two corticosteroids, deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) and
      cortisone acetate (CA). Histology of the thymus and thymocyte counts in treated
      fish were compared to normal ones. There was no change in histology of thymus due
      to CA treatment even those subjected to 10 mg/l water which is a lethal dose of
      DOCA. In contrast, the effect of DOCA at low doses (0.01 and 0.1 mg/l water) was
      examined and resulted in reduction of thymus volume due to depopulation of
      thymocytes from the entire gland. Thymus subjected to DOCA at a high dose (1 mg/l
      water) caused destruction of all thymocytes and reticular cells resulting in
      complete disappearance of the thymus. There was dose dependent mortality
      associated with DOCA. The maximum lethal dose was 10 mg/l causing death of all
      treated fish within a few hours. This information is relevant to the use of CS in
      fish therapy in response to stress.

PMID- 3699222
TI  - Isolation of pronephros cells which endocytose chemically modified proteins in
      the rainbow trout.
AB  - Modified serum albumin is cleared from the blood by kidney cells in salmonid
      fishes. The present study deals with isolation of cells from pronephros which
      endocytose formaldehyde-treated human serum albumin (fHSA). Radioactively
      labelled fHSA or dinitrophenyl-conjugated albumin (DNP-HSA) were injected
      intravenously into rainbow trouts. Pronephros cells, containing the endocytosed
      protein, were isolated and further separated by centrifugal elutriation and
      density-gradient centrifugation. Most of the radioactive protein was elutriated
      together with small cells. After centrifuging the cells through a Percoll density
      gradient, radioactive protein was located in cells recovered in the upper part of
      the gradient. In mammals, fHSA and other modified proteins are mainly taken up by
      sinusoidal endothelial cells in the liver via a "scavenger receptor"0. Our
      results suggest that a comparable function in salmonids is located in a
      subpopulation of relatively small cells in kidney tissue, possibly sinusoidal
      lining cells. The separation techniques used seemed to be suitable for isolation
      of different populations of pronephros cells.

PMID- 3699224
TI  - Induced autoantibodies to fetal erythroid antigens in the chicken.
AB  - Cornell Obese (OS) (B13B13), Special C (Sp.C) (B13B13) and K-strain White Leghorn
      chickens (B15B15) were examined for both naturally occurring and induced
      autoantibodies directed against erythroid fetal antigens. Obese chickens have
      been reported to produce high levels of autoantibodies to thyroglobulin and to
      occasionally produce antinuclear autoantibodies specific for erythrocytes.
      Despite producing high levels of antithyroglobulin autoantibodies and antibodies
      cross-reactive with erythrocytes, no OS chickens were found to possess naturally
      occurring autoantibodies to fetal-specific antigens on erythrocytes. However,
      such antibodies were induced following immunization with fetal erythrocytes
      derived from a strain allogeneic for the major histocompatibility complex (MHC),
      the B-complex. Challenge with both intact erythrocytes and erythroid membranes in
      Freund's complete adjuvant resulted in production of antibodies specific for
      fetal antigens. The ability to induce autoantibodies to fetal erythrocytes was
      not restricted to the OS-strain; similar antibodies were detected in the Cornell
      K-strain and Special C-strain chickens even when intrastrain immunizations were
      employed. These results suggest that antibodies can be induced to fetal antigens
      on chicken erythrocytes in both autoimmune and normal chickens given the
      appropriate antigen presentation.

PMID- 3699225
TI  - In vitro analysis of delayed immune response in a bat, Pteropus giganteus:
      process of con-A mediated activation.
AB  - In vitro activation of lymphocytes from the bat, Pteropus giganteus with Con A
      has been analysed in terms of blastogenesis, DNA synthesis and the effector
      function, the cytotoxic response. We have observed that lymphocytes of P.
      giganteus are capable of responding to Con A stimulus and the peak of
      blastogenesis, DNA synthesis and cytotoxic response have been found at 120 hours
      with the optimal dose of 10 micrograms X ml-1 Con A; it seems the process of
      activation in the bat's lymphocytes is delayed compared to this in mice.
      Significance of this delay in the process of activation of immune response in the
      bat has been discussed.

PMID- 3699227
TI  - Abstracts. 3rd International Congress of Developmental and Comparative
      Immunology. Reims, France, July 7-13, 1985.

PMID- 3699226
TI  - Estradiol regulates cell surface immunoglobulin in old mice.

PMID- 3699228
TI  - Arginine-vasopressin response to supine-erect posture change: an index for
      evaluation of the integrity of the afferent component of baroregulatory system in
      diabetic neuropathy.
AB  - The arginine-vasopressin (AVP) response to supine-standing postural change was
      evaluated in eight healthy subjects and in fourteen diabetic patients. Plasma AVP
      levels were found to increase in the controls and in nine subjects from the
      diabetic group. In the controls the increase was 139% 5 min. after standing and
      275% 120 min. after standing. In four of the diabetics affected by autonomic
      neuropathy AVP failed to increase in response to standing, thus suggesting
      lesions of the neurogenic pathways connecting baroreceptors to neurohypophysis.
      Consequently, a failure of the afferent limb in the baroregulatory system must be
      taken into account among other localizations of autonomic neuropathy. On this
      basis, AVP measurement both in supine and erect positions could represent an
      additional test for assessing the integrity of the autonomic nervous system.

PMID- 3699229
TI  - [Counterregulatory hormone response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in insulin
      dependent diabetics].

PMID- 3699230
TI  - [Importance of the systematic detection of urinary infections in diabetics].

PMID- 3699231
TI  - [What is the value of HLA typing in diabetology?].

PMID- 3699232
TI  - The effects of hip prosthesis stem cross-sectional profile on the stresses
      induced in bone cement.

PMID- 3699233
TI  - The role of cement in the long term performance and premature failure of Charnley
      low friction arthroplasties.

PMID- 3699234
TI  - Computer aided X-ray picture follow-up of GSB knee prostheses.

PMID- 3699235
TI  - Some gait characteristics of below-knee amputees and their reflection on the
      ground reaction forces.

PMID- 3699236
TI  - Engineering design considerations of the ORLAU Swivel Walker.

PMID- 3699237
TI  - A novel data compression technique for electrocardiogram classification.

PMID- 3699238
TI  - The design and development of an irrigating sucking cutter for neurosurgical use.

PMID- 3699239
TI  - Distribution of trimethoprim and sulfametopyrazine in the female reproductive
      tract.
AB  - A combination of trimethoprim (TMP) 250 mg and sulfametopyrazine (SMP) 200 mg
      (dose ratio 5:4) in capsules was administered to ten patients undergoing
      hysterectomy for uterine leiomyoma. Each patient received a total of 3 of these
      Kelfiprim capsules: 2 capsules in a single administration 36 hours before surgery
      and 1 capsule 24 hours later. TMP and SMP concentrations were analyzed in plasma
      and also in the ovary, Fallopian tube and uterus, removed during surgery. The
      results indicated that in the reproductive organs of the female genital tract TMP
      reaches the same concentrations as in plasma. In contrast SMP is 3 to 3.5 times
      less concentrated in these tissues compared with plasma. At the TMP/SMP ratios
      obtained in these various organs synergism of the two compounds is reported to be
      particularly prominent for most bacterial strains. These findings indicate that
      this TMP-SMP combination may be useful in the treatment of female reproductive
      tract infections.

PMID- 3699240
TI  - The prevention of wound contamination by skin organisms by the pre-operative
      application of an iodophor impregnated plastic adhesive drape.
AB  - Prior to preparing the skin for surgery, samples for bacterial growth were taken
      from 107 patients. The same site was sampled after preparation with povidone
      iodine and at the end of surgical procedure the deep part of the wound was also
      sampled. This demonstrated that the wounds of 15% of patients became contaminated
      by organisms present on the skin prior to disinfection. A comparison was made
      with a further 122 patients undergoing hip surgery in whom an iodophor
      impregnated plastic adhesive drape ('Ioban') was applied to the operation site 24
      hours prior to surgery. Bacterial sampling of the wound at the end of the
      procedure showed that wound contamination was reduced from 15% to 1.6% by this
      method. When patients are to have implant surgery, the protection from
      contamination by skin organisms afforded by 'Ioban' drape is likely to prove a
      valuable tool in the fight to prevent infection.

PMID- 3699241
TI  - A double-blind randomized comparison of the effect and tolerance of Varidase
      versus saline when instilled in the urinary bladder in patients with catheter
      problems.
AB  - Thirty-eight patients with problems with their urinary catheters were randomly
      treated with Varidase or normal saline solution once a day for 10 days.
      Photographs were taken by using a cystoscope before treatment, at day 10 and day
      24 after the commencement of treatment. The photographs were evaluated according
      to the occurrence of pus, debris, coagula and rubor. In the Varidase group the
      improvements from baseline to day 10 and day 24 were statistically significant (p
      less than 0.05) in all parameters while there were no statistically significant
      improvements in the saline group. Comparing the two treatment groups, regarding
      the changes from baseline to day 10 and day 24, it was statistically demonstrated
      that Varidase was significantly more effective than saline in all parameters (p
      less than 0.05). In conclusion, this study shows that Varidase effectively cleans
      the urinary bladder from pus, fibrin, necrotic tissue and blood clots.

PMID- 3699242
TI  - A satellite cell mitogen from crushed adult muscle.
AB  - Single fiber-satellite cell units from skeletal muscle of adult rats were used to
      study the regulation of satellite cell proliferation. The satellite cells
      remained quiescent during culture in serum-containing medium but could be induced
      to enter the cell cycle by exposure to a saline extract of crushed adult muscle.
      The activity in the extract has a molecular weight greater than 30K and is heat
      and trypsin sensitive. The mitogenic activity does not result from transferrin.
      Little or no activity was obtained from crushed extracts of heterologous tissues.
      Proliferation of myogenic cells from rat embryos was also stimulated by the
      muscle mitogen but growth of muscle fibroblasts was not enhanced. The time
      response of satellite cell proliferation after exposure to the muscle mitogen
      showed that the cells enter DNA synthesis after a lag period of 18 hr and
      proliferate with a generation time of 12 hr. This confirms that satellite cells
      in adult muscle are in G0, or an extended G1. The mitogen is also effective in
      stimulating muscle growth and myoblast fusion in vivo when injected into 1-week
      old rat pups. These experiments suggest that muscle regeneration is initiated by
      the release of an endogenous mitogen from traumatized muscle.

PMID- 3699243
TI  - Cell lineage relationships in the development of the mammalian CNS: role of cell
      lineage in control of cerebellar Purkinje cell number.
AB  - This report continues our studies of the cell lineage relationships among the
      cells of the cerebellar Purkinje cell population. It examines the question of
      whether there are cell autonomous factors that regulate cell number during
      mammalian CNS development. Experimental aggregation chimeras were made by the
      joining of two embryos, one wild-type, one lurcher in genotype; both embryos were
      of C57BL/6 genetic background. Since all Purkinje cells of +/Lc genotype will
      degenerate, only wild-type Purkinje cells remain in the cerebellar cortex of the
      adult chimeras. The number of remaining cells does not vary uniformly from zero
      (the lurcher value) to wild-type (92,000 for C57BL/6). Rather the cells occur in
      numerical quanta that represent developmental clones of cells. In an earlier
      work, the Purkinje cell population of the C3H/HeJ inbred strain was shown to
      consist of eight such clones in each cerebellar half. Each C3H/HeJ clone contains
      10,200 Purkinje cells. Evidence is presented in the present study that the
      Purkinje cells of the C57BL/6 strain, exist in 10 clones, of 9200 cells per half
      cerebellum. The findings suggest that a clonal organization exists in the
      Purkinje cell population of at least two inbred strains of mice, that differences
      in adult neuronal number can be due to either the number of clones present or the
      size of each individual clone (i.e., the number of cells per clone), and that the
      number of cells in a clone appears to be an autonomous property of the lineage
      itself and hence, presumably, of the progenitor cell that founded the clone.

PMID- 3699244
TI  - Cell-substratum and cell-cell interactions promote testicular peritubular myoid
      cell histotypic expression in vitro.
AB  - Peritubular cells, prepared from seminiferous tubules from testes of 20-day-old
      rats, were seeded onto different substrata and cultured under varying conditions.
      When plated onto polystyrene or glass surfaces, peritubular cells assumed a
      typical fibroblast-like cell shape and cell association pattern, together with a
      fibroblast-like migration behavior. They maintained high rates of proliferation
      even after achieving confluency. In contrast, when peritubular cells were plated
      onto a seminiferous tubule biomatrix (ST-biomatrix) surface, they spread to form
      a continuous cell layer having a myoepithelioid histotype similar to that of
      peritubular myoid cells in the intact seminiferous tubule. The characteristics of
      the myoepithelioid histotype described include a squamous, polyhedral cell shape;
      a cobblestone-like cell association pattern, with closely apposing or slightly
      overlapping cell borders, and a very low mitotic index. When peritubular cells
      were plated onto laminin, collagen, fibronectin, heparin, or a liver biomatrix, a
      fibroblast-like pattern resulted, indicating that ECM components listed and liver
      biomatrix are unable to substitute for ST-biomatrix in maintaining normal
      myoepithelioid characteristics in vitro. In cocultures of Sertoli cells plated on
      top of peritubular cells, the peritubular cells directly in contact with Sertoli
      cell aggregates developed a myoepithelioid histotype, whereas peritubular cells
      in regions not in direct contact had a fibroblast-like histotype. The data are
      discussed in relation to the possible role of cell-cell interactions, and cell
      substratum interactions, in the acquisition and stabilization of the histotype of
      peritubular cells in the seminiferous tubule during development.

PMID- 3699245
TI  - Injected mRNA does not increase protein synthesis in unfertilized, fertilized, or
      ammonia-activated sea urchin eggs.
AB  - We have investigated whether the rate of protein synthesis in unfertilized and
      fertilization-activated sea urchin eggs is limited by the availability of mRNA by
      injecting eggs, zygotes, and ammonia-activated eggs with globin mRNA. Message
      injected and buffer-injected cells were labeled with radioactive amino acids and
      the proteins separated on a polyacrylamide gel. The relative amounts of newly
      synthesized globin and endogenous proteins were obtained by scanning the gel
      fluorograph. Globin mRNA is translated poorly in Strongylocentrotus
      droebachiensis eggs and does not significantly increase or decrease endogenous
      protein synthesis. In zygotes and ammonia-activated eggs, however, globin mRNA is
      translated well and appears to compete with endogenous mRNAs for the limiting
      component of the translational machinery as it is released. Our results are
      consistent with the hypothesis that either ribosomes or recruitment factors are
      gradually activated after fertilization or ammonia treatment, that such
      components are the rate-limiting factor, and that they impart the typical
      sigmoidal increase in protein synthesis rate observed in fertilized eggs before
      the first cleavage.

PMID- 3699246
TI  - The survival and growth of embryonic proprioceptive neurons is promoted by a
      factor present in skeletal muscle.
AB  - To date, the neurotrophic factor requirements of developing sensory neurons have
      been studied using heterogeneous populations of neurons that innervate a wide
      variety of different sensory structures. To ascertain the particular neurotrophic
      factor requirements of different kinds of sensory neurons and to determine
      whether these requirements are related to the type of sensory receptors
      innervated, it is necessary to study homogeneous preparations of functionally
      distinct sensory neurons. For this reason I have studied the influence of a
      soluble extract of skeletal muscle on the survival and growth of proprioceptive
      neurons isolated from the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus (TMN) of the embryonic
      chick. Explants of the TMN and dissociated glia-free cultures of TMN neurons were
      established from chick embryos of 10 to 18 days incubation (E10 to E18). Skeletal
      muscle extract prepared from E18 chick pectoral muscle and enriched for
      neurotrophic activity by ammonium sulfate fractionation promoted marked neurite
      outgrowth from explants and substantial survival in dissociated cultures
      established during the period of natural neuronal death in the TMN. In these
      latter cultures 70 to 80% of the neurons survived and grew in the presence of the
      extract compared with less than 2% in control cultures. At later ages, following
      the period of natural neuronal death, these effects were less marked. The
      neurotrophic activity of extracts prepared from muscle of different ages
      increased steadily from E10 to E20 (the oldest muscle studied). The active factor
      is heat labile, trypsin sensitive, and non-dialyzable, it is neither functionally
      nor immunochemically related to NGF and it has negligible neurotrophic effect on
      the predominantly cutaneous sensory neuron population of the trigeminal ganglion.
      These findings demonstrate that skeletal muscle contains a neurotrophic factor
      which supports the survival and growth of proprioceptive neurons and suggest that
      this factor has some specificity among functionally distinct kinds of sensory
      neurons.

PMID- 3699247
TI  - Developmental changes in sulphation of chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan during
      myogenesis of human muscle cultures.
AB  - The synthesis and secretion of chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG) was
      examined in human muscle cultures during myogenesis prior to myoblast fusion and
      following myotube formation. Results from this study demonstrate that the major
      CSPG secreted into the medium had a Kav of 0.15 on Sephacryl 500 (exclusion limit
      of 10(7) Da) and contained predominantly unsulphated residues in mononucleated
      cell cultures but these became increasingly sulphated in postfusion cultures.
      Fibroblasts synthesised small amounts of a smaller molecular weight CSPG
      indicating that the Kav 0.15 proteoglycan is solely synthesised by cells of the
      myogenic lineage. These findings illustrate that sulphation of CSPG is
      developmentally regulated during myogenesis of human muscle cells grown under
      differentiating conditions.

PMID- 3699248
TI  - Spatial cue utilization in chronically malnourished rats: task-specific learning
      deficits.
AB  - Rats whose mothers were maintained on either a 25% casein diet or an 8% casein
      diet and who were provided the same diet after weaning were tested on delayed
      spatial alternation or on one of a series of spatial localization problems using
      the Morris maze (Morris, 1981). Malnourished rats demonstrated perseverative
      deficits in the form of strings of consecutive errors on the delayed spatial
      alternation. Performance in the Morris maze indicated spatial localization
      ability and spatial memory processes were not impaired by chronic malnutrition in
      rats. The data suggest that complex processing of spatial information that
      includes flexible use of place cues over short intervals is impaired by
      malnutrition, while spatial localization per se and spatial mapping are not
      affected.

PMID- 3699249
TI  - Developmental changes in salt acceptability in human infants.
AB  - Human infants less than 4 months of age ingested water and moderate
      concentrations of sodium chloride solution (0.10-0.20 M) in equal amounts. In
      contrast, infants 4-24 months of age exhibited heightened acceptance of saline
      solution relative to water. Such a developmental change in salt acceptability is
      consistent with a hypothesis of postnatal maturation of peripheral and/or central
      structures underlying this response. Children 31-60 months of age tended to
      reject saline solution relative to water. This change may in part reflect the
      effects of experience.

PMID- 3699250
TI  - The effect of home cage stimuli on acquisition and retention of an active
      avoidance response in previsual rats.
AB  - The effect of home cage environmental stimuli on learning and the effects on
      retention of the presence or absence of these familiar contextual training
      stimuli during the retention test (Experiment 1) or during the retention interval
      (Experiment 2) were examined using 10-day-old rats, a multidirectional active
      avoidance task, and a 30-min retention interval. Home cage environmental stimuli
      were found to improve learning. A change in stimuli immediately after training,
      during the 30-min retention interval, was found to have a greater impact on
      retention performance than stimulus change introduced at the time of the
      retention test. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to
      ontogenetic differences in retention performance and theories of forgetting.

PMID- 3699251
TI  - An experimental study on developmental changes of maternal discrimination of
      infants in crab-eating monkeys (Macaca fascicularis).
AB  - Individually reared mother-infant dyads of crab-eating monkeys (Macaca
      fascicularis) were observed cross-sectionally in their mother-infant
      relationship. In infants aged from 0 to 5.0 months, rather drastic changes were
      found both at 0.5-1.0 and 2.0-3.0 months of age. For an explanation of these
      changes, developmental processes of discrimination between mother and infant were
      analyzed cross-sectionally by exchanging mother-infant combinations. The results
      indicated that the first 0.5 months postpartum was characterized as a
      behaviorally nondiscriminating stage where nipple discrimination by infants was
      the only exception. The latter half of the first month was the beginning of a
      nonaggressive discrimination stage by mothers, indicated by lipsmacking and
      sniffing and in infants by clinging. When infants reached the age of 2.0-3.0
      months, the mothers' nonaggressive discrimination with lipsmacking decreased, and
      her aggressive discrimination of alien infants increased. In addition to maternal
      visual discrimination of infants' physical appearances, differences in infants'
      odor and/or their method of nipple contact were suggested to affect the mothers'
      differential behaviors.

PMID- 3699252
TI  - Effects of unusually early visual stimulation on the development of homing
      behavior in the rat pup.
AB  - Two studies examined the theory that early limitations on sensory functioning
      contribute to the organization of a structure for perceptual development and
      intersensory functioning. Rat pups' eyelids were surgically opened on Day 7,
      following which the development of homing to their nest site was investigated,
      with each animal alone in its living cage. Control pups increased homing until
      Day 14, and then decreased. Experimental pups showed no such decline, with the
      highest rate of homing evident on the last day of testing. The importance of
      visual cues for this altered development of homing was examined. Visual cues for
      the home were reduced by removing all shavings during testing, while leaving an
      odorous substrate in place. Under these conditions, both groups showed the
      characteristic increase and decline in homing, suggesting that premature eyelid
      opening results in a modification of the distribution of attention to visual and
      olfactory characteristics of the nest.

PMID- 3699253
TI  - Postnatal locomotion development in a neurological mutant of rolling mouse
      Nagoya.
AB  - Postural control skills and quadrupedal locomotor pattern in infant rolling mice,
      a neurological mutant, were observed in the following situations: hindlimb
      support when suspended, rope descent, narrow path traverse, quadrupedal
      locomotion on an inclined corridor, and swimming behavior when entirely
      submerged. Until the second week of age, rolling mice developed primitive
      responses similar to, or somewhat slower than, their unaffected littermates, but
      failed to show mature adaptive and coordinated movements from Days 16-18 onward
      in hinblimb support and rope descent tests. The gait was broadbased and they
      frequently lurched, rolled over on the side in the narrow-path and incline
      situations. Also, swimming behavior was extremely clumsy with varying degrees of
      disturbed rhythm and inconsistent movement of hindlimb paddling. These findings
      might result from an immature development of hindlimb muscle tonus control system
      and distortion of smooth and orderly sequence of hindlimb muscular contractions
      which characterize skillful quadrupedal locomotion.

PMID- 3699254
TI  - Impoverished rearing conditions increase stress-induced irritability in mice.
AB  - Irritability was tested in mice reared in four environmental conditions:
      impoverished (IC), impoverished + overstimulated (ICS), enriched (EC), and
      enriched + overstimulated (ECS) conditions. The test used was a modified "bottle
      brush" test. Both overstimulations and individual housing increased irritability
      interacting positively with each other. Individual housing but not
      overstimulation decreased avoidance behavior in the mice.

PMID- 3699255
TI  - Incidental learning is impaired during early-life undernutrition.
AB  - Rats were either well-nourished (control) or undernourished (PU) during the
      suckling and early post-weaning periods (birth to 45 days), after which all
      animals were fed ad libitum. From 25 to 45 days half of the rats in each group
      were exposed continuously in their home cases to shape stimuli (triangles and
      circles). Half of each of these 4 groups were given "reminders" of the stimuli
      through exposure for 2 h every 10-12 days from 55 to 131 days. Beginning on day
      132, ability to discriminate these same visual stimuli was tested using a
      nonappetitively motivated version of the Lashley jumping stand technique.
      Discrimination learning per se was unimpaired by previous undernutrition (control
      and PU rats not viewing the stimuli prior to training performed equally well).
      However, early-life exposure led to improved learning performance only in control
      rats; it had no effect on the performance of PU rats (significant exposure X
      nutrition interaction). These findings indicate that undernutrition interfered
      with early "incidental learning", that is, learning about features of the
      environment which are not, at the time, biologically relevant. Finally, retention
      of the discrimination was assessed 9 weeks after the rats had attained criterion
      performance. There were no effects of nutrition or prior exposure on long-term
      memory.

PMID- 3699256
TI  - Sex-related behavior of immature wild mountain gorillas.
AB  - Sex-related behavior in immature wild mountain gorillas consisted primarily of
      genital stimulating episodes in which one animal thrusted against the body of
      another. Whereas the immature males used the D-V position predominantly, a single
      immature female that performed as an actor used the V-V position exclusively. All
      episodes of genital stimulating behavior originated in the context of play and
      most actors were older (and larger) than recipients of such behavior. The data
      support the findings of earlier research but suggest that genital stimulating
      behavior among immature gorillas occurs more frequently than previously thought.
      These results in conjunction with comparable data on pygmy and common chimpanzees
      and orangutans suggest that genital-stimulating behavior by immature individuals
      is a species-typical phenomenon in the behavioral development of the great apes.

PMID- 3699257
TI  - Ontogenetic comparison of memory for Pavlovian conditioned aversions to
      temperature, vibration, odor, or brightness.
AB  - Ontogenetic differences in forgetting of Pavlovian conditioning were tested in
      four experiments with 550 rats of ages 12, 18, or 60 days postpartum. The
      experiments had in common the same unconditioned stimulus (US; footshock) and
      procedures for conditioning and testing, but the conditioned stimulus (CS)
      differed. The CS was a particular vibrotactile stimulus (Experiment 1), ambient
      temperature (Experiment 2), odorant (Experiment 3), or brightness (Experiment 4).
      The intent of this study was to assess, in more comparable circumstances than
      previously tested, the possibility of substantial differences in infantile
      amnesia for different sensory modalities. Particular attention was given those
      modalities that mature early and had not been tested in previous studies of
      infantile amnesia. The results verified some degree of infantile amnesia for even
      those sensory modalities used adaptively from birth.

PMID- 3699258
TI  - Acceleration and delay of puberty in female mice via urinary chemosignals: age of
      the urine stimulus.
AB  - Five experiments were conducted to test the effects of the age of urine on the
      acceleration and delay of puberty in female mice resulting from treatment with
      urinary chemosignals. The chemosignal in the urine of male mice that accelerates
      female puberty was not affected by remaining exposed to the air at room
      conditions for up to 7 days, or when dried in air and reconstituted with water.
      The chemosignal in the urine of grouped female mice that delays puberty in
      females and the chemosignal present in the urine of pregnant and lactating female
      mice that accelerates female puberty were affected to varying degrees by exposure
      to room conditions; at 5-to-7 days of exposure the urine samples lost their
      capacity to delay or accelerate sexual maturation. These results are in agreement
      with earlier work indicating that the male chemosignal is not volatile, whereas
      the substances in urine from grouped females and pregnant or lactating females
      are more volatile. The results also have implications for interpretations of how
      the urinary chemosignals may affect the population biology of house mice under
      natural conditions.

PMID- 3699260
TI  - Relative effects of low-frequency amplification on syllable recognition and
      speech quality.
AB  - A moderate-bandwidth master hearing aid was used to study the relationships among
      low-frequency response, syllable recognition scores, and perceived speech
      quality. As measured on KEMAR, this hearing aid provided true high-frequency
      emphasis in all conditions, with three degrees of relative low-frequency de
      emphasis. Subjects were 12 listeners with gradually sloping sensorineural hearing
      loss bilaterally. Contrary to common expectations, increased low-frequency
      response yielded a substantial enhancement in speech quality under both quiet and
      babble conditions, as well as a modest improvement in syllable recognition in
      quiet. Furthermore, low-frequency amplification, as used in this study, resulted
      in no observable degradation in syllable recognition in the presence of
      multitalker babble. The findings have clinical implications in the evaluation and
      selection of hearing aids when optimization of speech quality is desired.

PMID- 3699259
TI  - Development of auditory localization in dogs: single source and precedence effect
      sounds.
AB  - The development of auditory localization in dogs was investigated in a litter of
      12 pups. Behavioral auditory localization consisted of orienting responses to dog
      vocalizations presented from loudspeakers 90 degrees to each side. Sounds were
      presented in two configurations, single source (only one loudspeaker) and
      precedence effect (both loudspeakers, with one slightly leading the other).
      Localization began around 16 days after birth, for single-source sounds. This is
      consistent with previous observations and with findings on dogs' auditory neural
      development. Single-source sounds were localized earlier during development than
      precedence-effect sounds. This ordering resembles findings on human infants and
      can be related to neuroanatomical investigations of mammalian brain structures
      mediating single source versus precedence effect localization.

PMID- 3699261
TI  - Predictability of the required frequency response characteristic of a hearing aid
      from the pure-tone audiogram.
AB  - This paper examines the predictability of the optimal frequency response
      characteristic of a hearing aid from the shape of the pure-tone audiogram. The
      main data were derived from two studies, using 14 and 16 sensorineurally hearing
      impaired ears, representing a wide variety of audiometric configurations. Optimal
      (required) frequency response slopes were estimated from most comfortable
      loudness levels for speech bands after finding that such responses were superior
      to ones derived from other procedures. The low (0.4 or 0.5 to 1.25 kHz), high
      (1.25 to 3 kHz), and total (0.4 or 0.5 or 3 kHz) slopes of the optimal responses
      were analyzed relative to the corresponding audiogram slopes. A moderately strong
      relationship was found between audiogram slopes and required response slopes
      (correlations averaged almost 0.6) and different studies agreed substantially
      regarding the formula describing that relationship. We conclude that it is
      justifiable to select the frequency response of a hearing aid from the pure-tone
      audiogram and that an appropriate formula would be more effective than providing
      a standard frequency response for all clients.

PMID- 3699262
TI  - Progressive sensorineural hearing loss in survivors of persistent fetal
      circulation.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to discover whether sensorineural hearing loss was
      a significant complication in survivors of persistent fetal circulation. Eleven
      patients were followed to 36 months. Hearing assessments were performed on at
      least two occasions using brain stem auditory evoked response testing and
      behavioral audiometry. Three of 11 babies had bilateral, progressive
      sensorineural hearing loss. No clear relationship could be found between hearing
      loss and any of the clinical variables examined in this study.

PMID- 3699263
TI  - Delayed onset hearing loss in a two-year old.
AB  - This paper describes a delayed onset sensorineural hearing loss in a baby known
      to have normal hearing until at least 13 months. A mild high-frequency loss was
      discovered quite by accident at 25 months. The bilaterally symmetrical loss
      progressed over the next 6 months to no measurable high-frequency hearing and a
      70 dB threshold at 500 Hz. To our knowledge this is the youngest completely
      documented case of what has been called hereditary delayed onset hearing loss.
      However, in this instance, and perhaps unsuspected in others, this child had
      bilateral oval and round window fistulas whose repair may have not only arrested
      the progression of her loss, but even improved her residual hearing sensitivity.

PMID- 3699265
TI  - Quality assurance professionals: a national profile.

PMID- 3699264
TI  - High-pass digital filtration of the 40 Hz response and its relationship to the
      spectral content of the middle latency and 40 Hz responses.
AB  - This study analyzed the effects of high-pass filtration on the 40 Hz response
      using zero and standard phase shift digital filtration. Filtration effects were
      compared to the spectral content of the middle latency response (MLR) and 40 Hz
      response. The spectral composition of the MLR was found to contain major response
      energy at 10 and 40 Hz. The major energy of the 40 Hz response was at 40 Hz with
      minor peaks every 40 Hz above the fundamental frequency. The elimination of the
      10 Hz response energy in the 40 Hz response was due to cancellation caused by
      phase differences which occurred in the production of a steady state potential.
      The reduction was confirmed by the minor amplitude effects created by zero-phase
      shift high-phase filtration (cutoff frequency 30 Hz with 36 dB/oct slopes) on the
      40 Hz response as compared to the MLR. The only beneficial effect of high-pass
      filtration was the elimination of the mild undulation of the unfiltered waveform.
      The major effect of phase-shift high-pass filtration on the 40 Hz response was
      the displacement of the high frequency ABR from the peak to the descending slope
      and finally to the trough of the MLR. Shifting of the ABR from the peak of the
      MLR resulted in amplitude loss which may affect response identification at
      threshold. The authors recommend minimal high-pass filtration (i.e., less than 12
      dB/oct slope and a cutoff frequency less than or equal to 15 Hz) when recording
      the 40 Hz response. The spectral analysis of the evoked response may be able to
      predict the optimal rate for eliciting a steady state response in divergent
      subject populations.

PMID- 3699266
TI  - Five principles to simplify the QA process.

PMID- 3699268
TI  - Risk management: minimizing errors and liability.

PMID- 3699267
TI  - Practical QA program meets accreditation challenge.

PMID- 3699269
TI  - Nursing QA program puts patients on a pedestal.

PMID- 3699270
TI  - Medical QA activities: incorporating essential elements.

PMID- 3699271
TI  - Infusion pump programs ensure safe i.v. usage.

PMID- 3699272
TI  - Biotechnology in Canada: the next decade is pivotal.

PMID- 3699273
TI  - Hepatitis B vaccine: key factors affecting acceptance.

PMID- 3699274
TI  - Hepatitis B vaccine: emotion overrides reason.

PMID- 3699276
TI  - Interplay between cost and quality.

PMID- 3699275
TI  - Legionnaires' disease: a challenge for Physical Plant.

PMID- 3699277
TI  - Roles of lab staff.

PMID- 3699278
TI  - Diagnostic x-ray technologists--training for a job or a career?

PMID- 3699279
TI  - A lay person's introduction to computed tomography.

PMID- 3699280
TI  - Dispelling the mystery of new radiology techniques.

PMID- 3699281
TI  - Alberta's trial funding system raises physicians' cost consciousness.

PMID- 3699282
TI  - Monitoring the workload in biomedical engineering.

PMID- 3699283
TI  - Methodology for implementing workload measurement systems.

PMID- 3699284
TI  - Hospital-wide monitoring system essential for improving productivity.

PMID- 3699285
TI  - Revenue-generating activities--a survey of Canadian hospitals.

PMID- 3699286
TI  - Bold step for University Hospital--joint venture begins with HCA.

PMID- 3699287
TI  - Mandatory retirement programs may contravene Charter of Rights.

PMID- 3699288
TI  - Family-centred maternity care--what has happened in five years?

PMID- 3699289
TI  - Parent-infant bonding: a process, not an event.

PMID- 3699290
TI  - Special care for neonates: no longer a sideshow.

PMID- 3699291
TI  - Guidelines for administrators creating smoke-free hospitals.

PMID- 3699292
TI  - Nursing information system helps balance supply and demand.

PMID- 3699293
TI  - Illness related to pregnancy--sick leave or maternity leave?

PMID- 3699294
TI  - Nursing exchange: opportunity for sharing professional skills.

PMID- 3699295
TI  - Clinical engineering program: skills for managing technology.

PMID- 3699296
TI  - Managing people: tips for mastering the art. Part 1.

PMID- 3699297
TI  - Refusal to follow orders isn't always insubordination.

PMID- 3699298
TI  - Experts forecast technological changes for the next 15 years.

PMID- 3699299
TI  - Energy management update: more stats, staff, money needed.

PMID- 3699300
TI  - Tropical malnutrition diabetes.

PMID- 3699301
TI  - The effect of low-dose dopamine on renal haemodynamics in patients with type 1
      (insulin-dependent) diabetes does not differ from normal individuals.
AB  - It is well known that patients with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes exhibit
      both increased glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow, which
      can be found even when these patients are well controlled. Usually this is
      attributed to a decrease in renal vascular resistance and/or to enlarged kidney
      size and glomerular volume. Among the factors which govern glomerular filtration
      rate, renal plasma flow is most important. Renal plasma flow increases if renal
      vascular resistance decreases. The latter might exist in insulin-dependent
      diabetes mellitus because of either a predominantly afferent or a predominantly
      efferent vasodilatation. Dopamine is an agent which causes predominantly efferent
      vasodilatation. Therefore, the effects of infusing a low dose of dopamine on
      glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow in 12 well-controlled
      patients with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes and 28 healthy volunteers were
      compared to investigate whether the increased glomerular filtration rate in Type
      1 diabetes is caused by an efferent vasodilatation. The median increase in
      glomerular filtration rate during dopamine infusion amounted to 13.0% in diabetic
      patients and 12.5% in healthy control subjects (n.s.). It is concluded that the
      elevated glomerular filtration rate in well-controlled Type 1 diabetes is not
      caused by a predominantly efferent vasodilatation.

PMID- 3699303
TI  - First morning urinary albumin concentration is a good predictor of 24-hour
      urinary albumin excretion in children with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes.
AB  - Twenty-four hour urinary albumin excretion was measured in 97 children with Type
      1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes and found to have a geometric mean of 6 mg/day
      (range 1-38 mg/d). The same geometric mean of 6 mg/day (range 1-45 mg/d) was
      found in 120 normal children. The relationship of 24-h urinary albumin excretion
      to the albumin concentration (mg/l) and to the ratio of albumin: creatinine
      (mg:mmol) on first morning urine samples in 64 patients was highly significant (r
      = 0.93 and r = 0.62 respectively, p less than 0.001). In 41 patients, the
      relationship between 24-h urinary albumin excretion and albumin concentration
      upon urine samples at various times was assessed. The correlation was highest on
      the first morning sample (r = 0.86); 09.00 h to 13.00 h, 0.51; 13.00 h to 18.00
      h, 0.68; 18.00 h to 23.00 h, 0.32. High sensitivity and moderate specificity was
      obtained using a first morning albumin concentration of greater than 20 mg/l to
      detect increased albumin excretion. These results show that the measurement of
      albumin concentration on the first morning urine sample can be used for a
      screening test for microalbuminuria in children.

PMID- 3699302
TI  - Determination of human ketone body kinetics using stable-isotope labelled
      tracers.
AB  - In order to avoid the use of radioactive tracers for the determination of human
      ketone body turnover, we have developed a method using a primed-continuous
      infusion of 13C-labelled acetoacetate or D-beta-hydroxybutyrate. Determination of
      the mole percent enrichment of blood acetoacetate and D-beta-hydroxybutyrate was
      performed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. In the post-absorptive state,
      the mean total ketone body appearance rate, determined in four subjects, was 3.74
      mumol X kg-1 X min-1 using [3,4-13C2] acetoacetate and 2.76 mumol X kg-1 X min-1
      using [3-13C]D-beta-hydroxybutyrate, values in agreement with those reported in
      studies with 14C-labelled tracers. In order to evaluate the usefulness of the
      method for determination of ketone body kinetics in non steady-state conditions,
      we infused four subjects with natural sodium acetoacetate and calculated the
      isotopically determined total ketone body appearance rate using a single
      compartment model (volume of distribution 0.20 l/kg; functional pool fraction:
      1). During the tests with [3,4-13C2]-acetoacetate, the actual infusion rates of
      natural acetoacetate were 7.3 +/- 0.3, 14.6 +/- 0.8, 21.9 +/- 1.2 and 10.9 +/-
      0.6 mumol X kg-1 X min-1 whereas the corresponding isotopically determined total
      ketone body appearance rates were respectively 9.2 +/- 1.0, 16.3 +/- 0.7, 23.1 +/
      1.1 and 10.7 +/- 0.8 mumol X kg-1 X min-1. During the tests with [3-13C]D-beta
      hydroxybutyrate, the actual infusion rates were 8.4 +/- 0.5, 16.8 +/- 0.9, 25.2
      +/- 1.4 and 12.6 +/- 0.8 mumol X kg-1 X min-1, and the isotopically determined
      appearance rates respectively 11.1 +/- 0.7, 16.7 +/- 0.7, 25.0 +/- 1.1 and 11.1
      +/- 0.7 mumol X kg-1 X min-1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3699304
TI  - The effect of metabolic control on leucine metabolism in type 1 (insulin
      dependent) diabetic patients.
AB  - Leucine production rate, metabolic clearance rate and oxidation rate were
      measured in 10 Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients after 24 h insulin
      withdrawal, conventional insulin therapy and an overnight insulin infusion to
      maintain normoglycaemia, and in 10 control subjects. In the insulin-withdrawn
      patients, leucine concentration (259 +/- 17 mumol/l), production rate (2.65 +/-
      0.29 mumol . min-1 . kg-1) and oxidation rate (0.69 +/- 0.10 mumol . min-1 . kg
      1) were significantly greater (p less than 0.001; p less than 0.05; p less than
      0.005 respectively) than corresponding values in control subjects (127 +/- 6;
      1.81 +/- 0.12; 0.19 +/- 0.02). Following conventional insulin therapy, leucine
      concentration (162 +/- 12 mumol/l) and oxidation rate (0.43 +/- 0.05 mumol . min
      1 . kg-1) were lower than after insulin withdrawal but were still significantly
      greater than in control subjects (p less than 0.05; p less than 0.005). Although
      leucine concentration, production rate and metabolic clearance rate were normal
      after an overnight insulin infusion, leucine oxidation rate was still greater
      than normal (0.34 +/- 0.06 mumol . min-1 . kg-1; p less than 0.05). These results
      suggest that increased leucine concentration in insulin deficiency is due to
      elevated leucine production rate caused by increased proteolysis, and that
      leucine concentration is restored to normal by insulin treatment.

PMID- 3699305
TI  - The cortical distribution pattern of diabetic glomerulopathy.
AB  - In advanced diabetic nephropathy, all nephrons are affected. However,
      glomerulopathy shows some variation in severity. The aim of this study was to see
      whether the distribution of glomerular lesions bears any relationship to known
      renal anatomical/functional organization. Autopsy material from 12 long-term Type
      1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients was collected retrospectively. Sections
      presenting the whole depth of cortex were subdivided into 3 zones of equal width.
      Two parameters were estimated in the deep and the superficial zones separately:
      in open glomeruli, the volume of red-stained (PAS-positive) material as a
      fraction of the total glomerular volume, and the number of occluded glomeruli as
      a fraction of the total number. The results show that the volume fraction of red
      stained (PAS-positive) material, as well as the frequency of occluded glomeruli,
      are similar in the superficial and the deep zone. In addition, the spatial
      distribution of occluded glomeruli was tested for randomness. The occluded
      glomeruli are not randomly distributed, but show clustering. Furthermore, they
      tend to be located in columns perpendicular to the kidney surface, a tendency
      which cannot be explained by the general tendency for glomeruli to show such an
      arrangement. We conclude that it is unlikely that the combined structural and
      functional differences that exist between the superficial and deep glomeruli play
      a major role in the development of diabetic glomerulopathy. The kidney topology
      influences the process of glomerular occlusion. Several a priori, plausible
      mechanisms for the process are discussed.

PMID- 3699307
TI  - Diet and type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes.

PMID- 3699306
TI  - Progression of subclinical polyneuropathy in young patients with type 1 (insulin
      dependent) diabetes: associations with glycaemic control and microangiopathy
      (microvascular complications).
AB  - The progression of subclinical polyneuropathy over 2.5 years has been studied in
      a representative group of 75 young patients with Type 1 (insulin-dependent)
      diabetes (initial age 16-19 years). The relationships between changes in nerve
      function, glycaemic control and concurrently developing microvascular
      complications (retinopathy, microproteinuria) were investigated. Deterioration of
      motor, sensory and autonomic nerve function, retinopathy and microproteinuria was
      related to poor glycaemic control. In addition, there was an association between
      developing neural and microvascular complications which was not diminished when
      their common relationship to hyperglycaemia was taken into account. These
      findings suggest that, although poor glycaemic control is an essential permissive
      factor in the early development of diabetic polyneuropathy, other influences,
      shared with microvascular complications, must also be important.

PMID- 3699308
TI  - Transdetermination of plant cells.
AB  - Tissues derived from the leaf lamina of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Havana 425
      plants require cytokinin for continuous proliferation in culture, whereas tissues
      derived from the cortex of the stem are cytokinin autotrophic. Both phenotypes
      persist when the two types of cells are cloned, indicating that leaf- and cortex
      derived cells are determined to express different cytokinin requirements in
      culture. We showed that cultures derived from leaf and cortex tissues of plants
      regenerated from cloned leaf and cortex cells exhibit the cytokinin requirement
      of comparable tissues of seed-grown plants. This provides direct evidence that
      plant cells can undergo transdetermination and that this process has an
      epigenetic basis.

PMID- 3699309
TI  - Effect of elevated temperature on catalase and superoxide dismutase during maize
      development.
AB  - Seeds of the inbred maize lines, W64A, R6-67, and D10, were germinated and grown
      at 25 degrees, 35 degrees, or 40 degrees C for up to 10 days. The catalase
      activity in scutella of W64A seedlings grown at 40 degrees C was slightly lower
      than that in seedlings grown at 25 degrees C. The total superoxide dismutase
      activity in scutella was lower in seedlings grown at 40 degrees C than in those
      grown at 25 degrees C during the first 3 days of germination, but thereafter was
      not significantly different at these temperatures. The high-catalase mutant
      lines, R6-67 and D10, grown at 40 degrees C exhibited a developmental pattern of
      catalase activity that was severalfold lower than that seen in seedlings grown at
      25 degrees C. The decrease in catalase activity in R6-67 seedlings grown at 40
      degrees C was correlated with lower amounts of CAT-2 protein, which is normally
      present at significantly high levels in this line. The application of a catalase
      synthesis inhibitor revealed that the low levels of CAT-2 in R6-67 grown at 40
      degrees C were due to slightly higher degradation rates and a significant drop in
      the rate of catalase protein synthesis.

PMID- 3699310
TI  - An ultrastructural study of rat hepatoma cells in culture, their variants and
      revertants.
AB  - We compared the ultrastructure of a well-differentiated rat hepatoma line (H4II)
      and its clonal progeny, including dedifferentiated variant cells, and revertants
      of the variants in which the spectrum of hepatocyte-specific functions is again
      expressed. The cells of the original differentiated lines and the revertants were
      very similar to one another. In addition, they exhibited some of the
      characteristics of fetal and neonatal hepatocytes. Variant cells which fail to
      express hepatocyte functions showed a wide range of morphological alterations
      accompanied by generalized disorganization. It is concluded that the loss of
      hepatocyte differentiation in the variants is not associated with a uniform
      morphological type, and that a wide range of ultrastructural phenotypes can be
      generated in the progeny of a single neoplastic but well-differentiated
      hepatocyte. Also, the expression of hepatocyte functions only occurs within a
      limited and organized morphological framework that includes features of young
      hepatocytes.

PMID- 3699311
TI  - Localization of actin during differentiation of the ameloblast, its related
      epithelial cells and odontoblasts in the rat incisor using NBD-phallacidin.
AB  - Using NBD-phallacidin, which specifically binds to F-actin, we investigated
      changes in the localization of actin during the differentiation of ameloblasts,
      related epithelial cells and odontoblasts in rat incisors. In cryosections
      treated with NBD-phallacidin, intense fluorescence was observed in
      undifferentiated epithelial cells in the apical loop and at the proximal
      extremity of undifferentiated inner enamel epithelial cells. During
      differentiation, the distal extremity began to exhibit strong fluorescence. In
      cross-sections of secretory ameloblasts, the fluorescence took the form of
      polygons of uniform intensity at the proximal end, and of rectangles of non
      uniform intensity at the distal end. At the distal end, the fluorescence was more
      intense at right angles to the long axis of the incisor. At the distal end, this
      pattern was established just before the appearance of the enamel layer. These
      patterns were maintained during the secretory stage of ameloblasts. The location,
      pattern and time of appearance of these sites were identical to those of the
      terminal webs in ameloblasts. NBD-phallacidin weakly labelled the peripheral
      cytoplasm of the cell body of ameloblasts, and also labelled Tomes' process. The
      cells forming the stratum intermedium were mainly labelled at their periphery
      (i.e. forming larger polygons), while the overlying epithelial cells exhibited
      labelling throughout their cytoplasm. Except for the terminal webs, the cell
      bodies of odontoblasts were weakly labelled throughout the period of
      differentiation. Young odontoblasts secreting predentin were first labelled on
      the terminal web, with the fluorescence becoming gradually more intense as the
      thickness of the dentin increased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3699312
TI  - Neuropathology of trimethyltin: a proposed pathogenetic mechanism.
AB  - The pathological changes in the limbic system induced by trimethyltin (TMT) in
      mouse, rat, and neonatal rats were reviewed and compared. It becomes apparent
      that there was an inverse pathological pattern between the fascia dentata granule
      cells and the Ammon's horn CA3 pyramidal neurons. This inverse pathological
      relationship could be demonstrated along the septotemporal axis of the adult
      brain as well as in neonatal nervous system. Thus it becomes apparent that the
      induction of pathological lesion in the Ammon's horn requires the functional
      integrity of the granule cells. The hypothesis of "hyperexcitory" and
      "hyperstimulatory" damage of neurons was proposed. In view that this inverse
      relationship also exists between the entorhinal cortical cells and the fascia
      dentate granule cells as well as between the CA3 and CA1,2 neurons in the Ammon's
      horn, a theory on the hyperexcitory cascade between the entorhinal cortex---
      fascia dentate----CA3----CA1,2 neurons was constructed. The present proposal
      represents a working hypothesis which helps to explain the various patterns of
      pathological lesions induced in the nervous system by TMT.

PMID- 3699313
TI  - Evaluation of the reproductive toxicology of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol in male and
      female rats.
AB  - The toxicity of chlorinated organic compounds which may be generated as a by
      product of drinking water chlorination has been an issue of increasing concern.
      Relatively few data are available concerning their reproductive toxicity. The
      present study was designed to evaluate the reproductive effects of one of these
      compounds, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP), in male and female rats. Adult males were
      treated with either 0, 100, 500, or 1000 mg/kg of TCP (po) for 10 weeks, at which
      time semen evaluations were conducted on ejaculates recovered from the genital
      tract of receptive females. Fertility was assessed in the 0- and 1000-mg/kg
      groups. Females were treated with identical doses for 2 weeks prior to pregnancy
      then throughout gestation. Dams were allowed to litter and pup development was
      monitored until Day 42 postpartum. TCP had no effect on any sperm parameter or
      male fertility. Treatment of females with 1000 mg/kg of TCP produced gross
      maternal toxicity as reflected in increased lethality and decreased weight gains
      in the dams. However, no treatment-related differences were seen in litter sizes
      or pup survival. Male and female birth weights were significantly depressed in
      the 500- and 1000-mg/kg groups; these differences disappeared by Day 4
      postpartum, suggesting that they were a reflection of maternal toxicity. To this
      extent, the reproductive processes of male and female rats do not appear to be a
      primary target for the effects of TCP.

PMID- 3699314
TI  - Toxicokinetics and bioavailability of oral and intravenous 1,1-dichloroethylene.
AB  - Although aliphatic halocarbons have been identified as contaminants of drinking
      water supplies, little definitive information is available on their
      gastrointestinal (G.I) absorption and toxicokinetics. Therefore, a study of a
      representative halocarbon, 1,1-dichloroethylene (1,1-DCE), was undertaken to
      contrast the kinetics of the chemical following iv injection with that following
      oral administration. Four dosage-levels of 1,1-DCE (10, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg BW)
      in 50% aqueous polyethylene glycol 400 were given iv and po to fasted and
      nonfasted male Sprague-Dawley rats. Serial blood samples were taken from the tail
      artery of the lightly etherized animals for up to 490 min after dosing. 1,1-DCE
      concentrations in the whole blood were determined by gas chromatographic head
      space analysis. Evaluation of the iv data revealed that disappearance of 1,1-DCE
      from the systemic circulation followed a triexponential pattern. Light ether
      anesthesia did not appear to alter the pharmacokinetics of iv-injected 1,1-DCE.
      There was no difference between nonfasted and fasted iv rats in biological half
      life (t1/2) or in any other pharmacokinetic parameter. Total body clearance,
      t1/2, apparent volume of distribution and volume of distribution in the central
      compartment did show increases with increasing dose in these animals. Oral dosing
      experiments revealed that 1,1-DCE was absorbed very rapidly and completely from
      the G.I. tract. Peak blood levels were reached 2 to 8 min following oral
      administration of 1,1-DCE as an aqueous suspension. The t1/2 of 1,1-DCE in orally
      dosed rats was somewhat longer than in their iv counterparts. The t1/2 values for
      nonfasted, orally dosed rats were longer than for their fasted counterparts,
      suggesting delayed absorption due to the presence of food in the G.I. tract.
      Bioavailability of 1,1-DCE, as determined by comparing areas under blood
      concentration versus time curves (AUCs), was equivalent in animals given the same
      dose of 1,1-DCE iv and po. AUCs increased with increasing dose in iv and po
      groups, but the increases were not proportional to dose.

PMID- 3699315
TI  - Ultrastructural evaluation of acute nasal toxicity in the rat respiratory
      epithelium in response to formaldehyde gas.
AB  - Ultrastructural lesions were induced by formaldehyde (HCHO) gas in the rat nasal
      respiratory epithelium. Male F-344 rats, 7-9 weeks old, were exposed to 0.5 or 2
      ppm (6 hr/day) for 1 or 4 days and to 6 ppm (6 hr/day) of HCHO for 1 day and
      sacrificed immediately or 18 hr after 1, 2, or 4 days of exposure. Other groups
      were exposed to 15 ppm (6 hr/day) of HCHO for 1 and 2 days. Ultrastructural
      changes to 0.5 or 2 ppm were limited to altered cilia with wing-like projections
      occasionally seen on the tips of the ciliary shafts. Autophagic vacuoles were
      present in some of the basal cells while neutrophils were seen in the basal and
      suprabasal layers after 1 day exposure to 6 ppm of formaldehyde. Hypertrophy of
      goblet and ciliated cells were noted in animals exposed to 6 ppm of formaldehyde
      and sacrificed 18 hours after 1, 2, or 4 days of exposure. Some nonciliated cells
      formed apical blebs containing an abundance of SER. Ciliated-mucous cells were
      observed after 2 and 4 days of exposure to 6 ppm of formaldehyde. Nonkeratinized
      squamous cells containing microfilaments were seen as early as 4 days after
      exposure to 6 ppm and at 1 and 2 days after exposure to 15 ppm. Loss of
      microvilli in ciliated cells occurred in all exposure levels. At 15 ppm for 1 and
      2 days, nucleolar segregation was observed in basal and cuboidal cells and
      internalized cilia were noted. These results demonstrate that short-term exposure
      to 6 or 15 ppm of HCHO caused respiratory epithelial injury which was not cell
      specific, but was dose related in severity.

PMID- 3699316
TI  - An empirical comparison of methods used to estimate carcinogenic potency in long
      term animal bioassays: lifetable vs summary incidence data.
AB  - Two methods for estimating carcinogenic potency from animal carcinogenesis
      bioassays (TD50-defined in the paper) are compared, one based on lifetable data
      and one based on summary incidence data. The lifetable analysis adjusts for the
      differential effects of toxicity among dose groups and for differences in the
      time pattern of tumor incidence, while summary incidence analysis does not.
      However, summary data are all that are usually available in the published results
      of animal cancer tests. Using NCI bioassay results which provide full lifetable
      data, we compare lifetable and summary estimates of potency and their statistical
      significance as well as the estimated shape of the dose-response curve. There is
      substantial agreement between these methods of analysis in terms of potency
      estimation, although lifetable estimates are usually more potent. But, there are
      some notable differences in the estimated shape of the dose-response curve,
      suggesting that both target site selection and method of analysis play an
      important role in risk estimation.

PMID- 3699317
TI  - Toxicities derived from anti-tumor screening data.
AB  - A recent study published by the National Academy of Sciences emphasized an acute
      shortage of data on the toxic effects of chemicals in man and animals. This
      shortage makes risk assessment difficult and impacts seriously on the development
      of a sound environmental policy. The National Cancer Institute, in its search for
      effective anti-cancer agents, has determined quantitative as well as qualitative
      toxicities for a large number of chemicals. Probit analysis was used to derive
      lethalities (LD50s) from data obtained in the process of testing anti-cancer
      agents in mice. These data were compared with those derived from testing those
      same agents in normal mice and it was found that a correlation exists between the
      two toxicities. Toxicities derived from NCI testing in normal animals were
      compared with published values and a similar correlation was found. LD50s were
      derived for all compounds tested in normal mice as well as those tested in mice
      bearing L1210 and P388 lymphocytic leukemias. Over 32,000 LD50s were derived for
      22,597 unique compounds.

PMID- 3699318
TI  - The role of metallothionein in the elevated excretion of copper in urine from
      people living in a cadmium-polluted area.
AB  - Gel chromatographic analysis of urine specimens obtained from three women
      environmentally exposed to cadmium (Cd) was carried out to study the relationship
      between urinary excretion of heavy metals and metallothionein (MT). In one of the
      three Cd-exposed women MT was detected in the fraction corresponding to molecular
      weight of about 10,000 (MT-F) by radioimmunoassay, and Cd and copper (Cu) peaks
      were also observed in the MT-F. However, in the other two Cd-exposed women no
      metal peak was found in the MT-F although MT alone was detected in it. When urine
      specimens from these subjects were treated with 2-mercaptoethanol before
      chromatography, appreciable amounts of Cd and Cu were recovered in the MT-F. In a
      sample to which dithiothreitol was added at the time of urine collection more
      than 60% of both Cd and Cu were recovered in the MT-F. These results support the
      suggestion that MT is so susceptible to oxidation that metals bound to MT can be
      released from it and distribute in high or low molecular weight fractions. It is
      also suggested that most urinary Cd and Cu is excreted with MT and that MT is
      directly involved in the increased excretion of these metals, especially Cu, in
      people environmentally exposed to Cd.

PMID- 3699319
TI  - Preliminary toxicity findings in dogs and rodents given the iron chelator
      ethylenediamine-N,N'-bis(2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) (EDHPA).
AB  - Because of a projected pilot study with EDHPA in Cooley's anemia patients, animal
      studies with emphasis on reversibility of potential toxic signs were performed.
      Young dogs were treated iv with 6-18 mg/kg or orally with 30-240 mg/kg for 14
      days followed by a 16-day recovery period. Drug-induced emesis, elevated BUN
      changes in kidney, spleen, and thymus weights diminished during recovery. One
      deceased dog exhibited nephrotoxicity consisting of tubular necrosis and
      deposition of the iron-EDHPA complex. The latter was observed in the excreta of
      survivors but kidney damage was not evident. Atrophy of the spleen and thymus in
      the deceased dog was consistent with less intense organ weight changes in
      recovered survivors. In the absence of morphologic changes after recovery, the
      precise effect on the immune system is unknown. The iv LD50 was 53 mg/kg for rats
      and mice. No rodent deaths occurred at an oral dose of 6000 mg/kg. An elevated
      BUN and changes in kidney, spleen, and thymus weights were confirmed in rodents
      given iv doses of 5-20 mg/kg or oral doses of 150-600 mg/kg for 5 days. It is
      cautioned that during the use of EDHPA derivatives that the functions of the
      renal and immune systems be monitored.

PMID- 3699320
TI  - Delayed enhancement of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity by general anesthesia using
      diethyl ether or halothane.
AB  - Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is a widely used analgesic/antipyretic drug which is
      enzymatically bioactivated, or toxified, by the cytochromes P-450 to a
      hepatotoxic reactive intermediary metabolite. Brief general anesthesia with
      diethyl ether has been shown to inhibit both the toxifying cytochromes P-450 and
      enzymatic glucuronidation, the latter constituting up to 60% of acetaminophen
      elimination via a nontoxifying pathway. Thus ether potentially could produce a
      temporally differentiated inhibition of bioactivating and "detoxifying" pathways,
      resulting in an enhancement of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity if the balance
      favored bioactivation. To evaluate this possibility, separate groups of male NIH
      strain mice were treated with acetaminophen at different times after 5 min of
      anesthesia with ether. Ether produced a 40-fold enhancement in acetaminophen
      hepatotoxicity as determined by plasma glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT)
      concentrations. This toxicologic enhancement was observed only if acetaminophen
      administration was delayed, with a maximal enhancement when acetaminophen was
      given 6 hr after ether, and no effect with a delay of 16 hr. Similar studies in
      male CD-1 mice were carried out using halothane (Fluothane) as the general
      anesthetic given either over 5 min or over 1 hr. While halothane given over 5 min
      had no effect, a 1 hr anesthetic duration produced a 10-fold increase in
      acetaminophen hepatotoxicity as determined by peak GPT concentration, with no
      observed hepatotoxicity in the halothane controls. Toxicologic enhancement
      occurred only with delayed administration of acetaminophen; however, the maximal
      enhancement observed with a 6-hr delay was still evident with a 12-hr delay.
      Conversely, inhibition of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity was observed if
      acetaminophen was given either 2 hr or 18 hr after halothane.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3699321
TI  - Distribution and pharmacokinetics of physostigmine in rat after intramuscular
      administration.
AB  - The distribution and pharmacokinetics of [3H]physostigmine (Phy) and the
      relationship between the time course of Phy concentration and
      butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibition in plasma was studied in rat after im
      administration (650 micrograms/kg). The concentrations of Phy and its metabolites
      were determined in plasma and brain by high-performance liquid chromatography and
      by counting the radioactivity in the chromatographic fractions. The half-life of
      Phy in plasma and brain was 17 and 16 min, respectively. The brain-to-plasma
      ratio of Phy peaked (1.61) at 22 min. The time course of Phy and its metabolites
      (eseroline, M1 and M2) indicated that Phy was rapidly metabolized and M1 appeared
      to be the major metabolite. The distribution studies showed that the
      concentration of radioactivity per gram of tissue was higher in kidney and liver
      than the other tissues. The time course of BuChE activity and plasma Phy
      concentration showed that the maximum enzymatic inhibition (47%) occurred at
      about the same time (7 min) as the peak plasma concentration (583 ng/ml at 5
      min). The enzymatic activity recovered to 81% at 2 hr and 100% within 24 hr.

PMID- 3699322
TI  - Pain on injection and muscle irritation: a comparison of animal models for
      assessing parenteral antibiotics.
AB  - Pain on injection due to parenteral administration of cephaloridine, cephalothin,
      and cefoxitin with or without 1% lidocaine was examined in a rat paw-lick model
      and the results compared with those obtained in a rabbit intramuscular model of
      irritation. In both animal models, cephaloridine caused similar or a slightly
      greater response than sterile water. Conversely, cefoxitin and cephalothin caused
      a much greater reaction than water in both models. The only major difference in
      the rankings by the two models was with formulations in which an anesthetic agent
      was incorporated into the diluent. As expected, the presence of a local
      anesthetic masked pain on injection but not muscle damage. The rat paw-lick model
      is an alternative to the traditional rabbit muscle irritation model for rapidly
      assessing both pain on injection and muscle irritation of parenteral
      formulations.

PMID- 3699323
TI  - A subchronic dermal exposure study of diethylene glycol monomethyl ether and
      ethylene glycol monomethyl ether in the male guinea pig.
AB  - Diethylene glycol monomethyl ether (DEGME) has been selected as a replacement
      anti-icing additive for ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) in Navy jet
      aircraft fuel. This experiment was performed to determine whether DEGME produced
      similar toxicity to EGME following dermal exposure. Male guinea pigs were
      dermally exposed to 1.00, 0.20, 0.04, or 0 (control) g/kg/day DEGME for 13 weeks,
      5 days/week, 6 hr/day. Another group of animals was similarly exposed to 1.00
      g/kg/day EGME. Body weights as well as testicular and splenic weights were
      reduced as a result of exposure to EGME, DEGME-exposed animals exhibited
      decreased splenic weight in the high- and medium-dose (1.00 and 0.20 g/kg/day)
      exposure groups only. Hematologic changes in EGME-exposed animals included mild
      anemia with increased erythrocytic mean corpuscular volumes and a lymphopenia
      with increased neutrophils. Similar hematological changes were not observed in
      any animals exposed to DEGME. Serum creatine kinase activity was increased in
      animals exposed to EGME, and serum lactate dehydrogenase activity was increased
      in EGME and 1.00 g/kg/day DEGME-exposed animals. In general, DEGME produced
      minimal toxicological changes following dermal exposure, whereas the
      toxicological changes observed following similar exposure to EGME were much more
      profound.

PMID- 3699324
TI  - Subchronic oral toxicity of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether in male rats.
AB  - Adult male rats (Crl:COBS CD (SD)BR) were given undiluted ethylene glycol
      monobutyl ether (EGBE) by gavage in doses of 222, 443, or 885 mg/kg/day, 5
      days/week over a 6-week period. A dose-dependent decrease, which was
      statistically significant at the high dose, was seen in body weight gain. Feed
      consumption was also significantly reduced at the 885-mg/kg dose. The most
      significant toxic effects produced by EGBE were on the red blood cells including
      a significant dose-dependent decrease in hemoglobin concentration, red blood cell
      counts, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. Mean corpuscular
      hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume were increased at all dose levels. Effects
      secondary to the red cell effects included increased spleen weights, splenic
      congestion, and hemosiderin accumulation in the liver and kidneys. Relative liver
      weights and serum alkaline phosphatase (443- and 885-mg/kg doses) and serum
      alanine aminotransferase (885-mg/kg dose) levels were increased. Glucose was
      significantly reduced in the animals given 885 mg/kg/day. EGBE had no adverse
      effects on the testes, bone marrow, thymus, or white blood cells.

PMID- 3699325
TI  - Excretion profiles of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol, following oral and
      intravenous administration to sheep.
AB  - The excretion profiles of deoxynivalenol (DON) and metabolites (DON glucuronide
      conjugate, 3 alpha, 7 alpha,15-trihydroxytrichothec-9,12-diene-8-one (DOM-1), and
      DOM-1 glucuronide conjugate) were defined in male sheep following either
      intravenous (iv) or oral administration of the toxin at levels of 0.5 and 5.0 mg
      DON/kg body wt, respectively. After iv dosing, urinary DON levels declined in a
      biphasic fashion with an average elimination half-life (terminal phase) of 1.2
      hr, diminishing to baseline concentrations by 8 hr. Maximum urinary excretion
      rates for the two major metabolites identified (conjugated DON, conjugated DOM-1)
      occurred 0.5-1.5 hr after dosing, exhibiting elimination half-lives of 2.2 and
      3.1 hr, respectively. Total recovery accounted for only about 66.5% of the dose:
      63.0% in the urine (24.1% DON, 21.2% conjugated DON, 0.5% DOM-1, 17.2% conjugated
      DOM-1) and 3.5% in bile (made up almost completely of conjugated DOM-1). The peak
      biliary excretion rate for conjugated DOM-1 was found to occur within 1 hr
      postdosing, which rapidly declined to baseline levels by 5 hr. Following oral
      administration, urinary excretion rates of the major metabolites (DON, conjugated
      DON, conjugated DOM-1) reached maximum 6-9 hr post-treatment, and declined
      exponentially with t 1/2 values of 3.2, 4.0, and 5.0 hr, respectively. Urinary
      and biliary recovery of administered DON averaged approximately 7.1%: 7.0% in
      urine (2.1% DON, 3.6% conjugated DON, 0.06% DOM-1, 1.2% conjugated DOM-1) and
      0.11% in bile (predominantly conjugated DOM-1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3699326
TI  - The rate of decline of blood lead in lead industry workers during medical
      removal: the effect of job tenure.
AB  - Under the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standard for
      occupational exposure to lead, workers whose blood lead concentration has reached
      or exceeded a specified trigger level are removed from work areas where 8-hr time
      weighted-average air lead concentration is equal to or in excess of a specified
      value, and are returned when two consecutive blood lead concentration
      measurements have been at or below the return trigger level. Initial removal and
      return triggers, of 80 and 60 micrograms/100 g respectively, instituted in 1979,
      were supplanted in a scheduled sequence by 70/50 and later by 60/40 triggers.
      This paper presents a descriptive summary of lead industry-wide experience with
      medical removals from high workplace-lead exposure as mandated by OSHA, and an
      examination of the influence of job tenure on length of removal. Median length of
      removal under the 80/60 triggers was 3.4 months; under the 70/50 triggers, it was
      4.4 months. Median length of removal under the 60/40 triggers can only be
      estimated due to censoring of the data set, but was between 6 and 8 months for
      employees removed during the first 4 months after institution of the 60/40
      triggers. Respirator use and company identity significantly influenced length of
      removal only under the 80/60 triggers. Job tenure did not influence length of
      removal of employees removed and returned within the 18-month limit. However,
      mean tenure of employees reaching 18 months on removal was significantly longer
      than mean tenure of employees removed and returned within 18 months, under all
      three sets of triggers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3699327
TI  - "Potentiation of acute toxicity of 2-sec-butylphenyl N-methylcarbamate (BPMC) by
      fenthion in mice" by Miyaoka et al.

PMID- 3699328
TI  - Acute toxicity studies with oxamyl.
AB  - The acute toxicity of oxamyl, an insecticide and nematicide, has been evaluated
      to establish proper handling guides. The material is highly toxic when given as a
      single oral dose; its LD50 is in fasted rats 2.5 to 3.1 mg/kg, 2.3 to 3.3 mg/kg
      in fasted mice, and 7 mg/kg in guinea pigs. A beagle dog given 30 mg/kg died,
      while 15 mg/kg was not lethal. In all species, clinical signs of cholinesterase
      inhibition (lacrimation, salivation, tremors) were observed. Cholinesterase
      activity was depressed in rats treated with a single oral dose. Atropine, when
      given immediately after oxamyl, was antidotal. When given by intraperitoneal
      injection, oxamyl was highly toxic to rats, mice, and guinea pigs. The material
      is a mild eye irritant with the reaction limited to the conjunctiva and iris, but
      systemic absorption via eye contact makes use of protective equipment essential.
      Oxamyl produces mild skin irritation and the dermal absorption toxicity in rats
      (LD50 is greater than 1,200 mg/kg) and rabbits (740 mg/kg) is relatively high
      suggesting limited absorption. No sensitization was produced when tested in
      guinea pigs. Oxamyl is highly toxic via inhalation with the 1-hr LC50 value in
      rats being 0.17 mg/liter (male) and 0.12 mg/liter (female). The corresponding 4
      hr value is 0.064 mg/liter for male rats which indicates that concentration X
      time is a constant through the time periods tested. Repeated-dose studies, orally
      in rats and dermally in rabbits, showed oxamyl to be noncumulative, with the
      target system being the nervous system mediated through cholinesterase
      inhibition. No specific tissue or organ pathology was seen in either species
      tested.

PMID- 3699329
TI  - Developmental toxicity of diethylene glycol monomethyl ether (diEGME).
AB  - Diethylene glycol monomethyl ether (diEGME) was one of 15 glycols tested in CD-1
      mice using a short-term in vivo reproductive toxicity assay (Chernoff/Kavlock
      test). Because results were strongly suggestive of potential reproductive
      toxicity, a teratology study was conducted in Sprague-Dawley rats. Time-mated
      females were orally dosed on Days 7-16 of gestation with diEGME in distilled
      water. Doses of 0, 1000, 1495, 2235, 3345, and 5175 mg/kg/day were used in a
      preliminary dose-finding study. At 5175 mg/kg/day, two of nine rats died, five of
      five litters were totally resorbed, and maternal extra gestational body weight
      gain was reduced. At 3345 mg/kg/day, six of nine litters were resorbed but there
      were no deaths and extra gestational body weight gain was not affected. Visceral
      and skeletal examinations revealed a dose-related increase in malformations,
      primarily of the ribs and cardiovascular system. Subsequently, pregnant rats were
      similarly dosed with 0, 720, or 2165 mg/kg/day. Neither dose was maternally
      toxic, but fetal body weights and the number of live implantations were
      significantly reduced at 2165 mg/kg/day. Rib malformations were seen in 9.1%
      (control), 42.9% (720 mg/kg/day, p less than 0.05), and 80.0% (2165 mg/kg/day, p
      less than 0.001) of litters. Cardiovascular malformations occurred in 0.0, 4.8,
      and 71.4% (p less than 0.001) of litters. Diethylene glycol monomethyl ether thus
      was teratogenic in rats at all doses tested, producing a dose-dependent series of
      malformations similar to those produced by other members of the glycol ether
      family.

PMID- 3699330
TI  - Genotoxic properties of haloacetonitriles: drinking water by-products of chlorine
      disinfection.
AB  - Chlorinated and brominated haloacetonitriles (HAN), known drinking water
      contaminants which form during chlorine disinfection, were investigated for
      genotoxic activity. The HAN produced DNA strand breaks in cultured human
      lymphoblastic (CCRF-CEM) cells, bound to the nucleophilic trapping agent 4-(p
      nitrobenzyl)pyridine and formed a covalent bond to polyadenylic acid in a cell
      free reaction system. Thus, we have demonstrated that these chemicals are
      genotoxic, which would indicate a potential for carcinogenic activity and for
      human health hazard.

PMID- 3699331
TI  - An in vitro comparison of rat and chicken brain neurotoxic esterase.
AB  - A systematic comparison was undertaken to characterize neurotoxic esterase (NTE)
      from rat and chicken brain in terms of inhibitor sensitivities, pH optima, and
      molecular weights. Paraoxon titration of phenyl valerate (PV)-hydrolyzing
      carboxylesterases showed that rat esterases were more sensitive than chicken to
      paraoxon inhibition at concentrations less than or equal to microM and
      superimposable with chicken esterases at concentrations of 2.5-1000 microM.
      Mipafox titration of the paraoxon-resistant esterases at a fixed paraoxon
      concentration of 100 microM (mipafox concentration: 0-1000 microM) resulted in a
      mipafox I50 of 7.3 microM for chicken brain NTE and 11.6 microM for rat brain
      NTE. NTE (i.e., paraoxon-resistant, mipafox-sensitive esterase activity)
      comprised 80% of chicken and 60% of rat brain paraoxon-resistant activity with
      the specific activity of chicken brain NTE approximately twice that of rat brain
      NTE. The pH maxima for NTE from both species was similar showing broad, slightly
      alkaline optima from pH 7.9 to 8.6. [3H]Diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate (DFP)
      labeled NTE from the brains of both species had an apparent mol wt of 160,000
      measured by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In
      conclusion, NTE from both species was very similar, with the mipafox I50 for rat
      NTE within the range of reported values for chicken and human NTE, and the
      inhibitor parameters of the chicken NTE assay were applicable for the rat NTE
      assay.

PMID- 3699332
TI  - The effect of an 11.5-hr/day exposure schedule on the distribution and toxicity
      of inhaled carbon tetrachloride in the rat.
AB  - This study evaluated the differences in toxicity and tissue distribution for 16
      groups of male rats repeatedly exposed to 100 ppm of 14CCl4 vapors for 8 or 11.5
      hr/day for periods of 1 to 10 days. Serum sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) was also
      evaluated for its sensitivity at detecting CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. Following
      1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 11, and 14 days, one group of rats from each exposure schedule
      was sacrificed and 14C activity in seven tissues and serum SDH levels were
      measured. To compare the effects of CCl4 on the liver and kidney following
      repeated exposure to the two schedules, one group of rats was exposed for 8
      hr/day for 10 of 12 consecutive days and another for 11.5 hr/day for 7 of 12
      consecutive days so that each group received essentially the same dose (8000 ppm
      hr) of CCl4. The 11.5-hr/day exposure schedule, compared to rats exposed 8
      hr/day, produced minor changes in the distribution and concentration of 14C (CCl4
      equivalents) in various tissues. Following 1 and 2 weeks of exposure to either
      schedule, the fat, liver, lungs, and adrenals had the highest concentration of
      CCl4 equivalents. There were no significant differences in CCl4-induced
      hepatotoxicity or nephrotoxicity between rats exposed to the two schedules
      following either 1 or 2 weeks of exposure as measured by histopathology. In
      contrast, rats exposed 11.5 hr/day had significantly higher SDH levels than those
      exposed to the 8-hr/day schedule; thus suggesting that the 11.5-hr schedule did
      produce a measurably greater degree of hepatotoxicity, although it was too subtle
      to detect pathologically. Rats exposed for a fourth and fifth day during the
      second week of the 11.5-hr schedule had a significantly greater concentration of
      14C activity in the fat than rats exposed to the 8-hr/day schedule as well as
      severe fatty infiltration of the liver and higher serum SDH activity. This study
      demonstrated that SDH is a very useful assay for detecting subtle changes in
      liver injury as compared to histopathology. It was also shown that even at
      relatively low vapor concentrations, modest changes in dosage regimen, like those
      involving unusual (e.g., 10- or 12-hr/day) work schedules, can have a measurable
      effect on the distribution of the chemical and the degree of toxicity.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3699334
TI  - Kinetic studies and structure-activity relationships of bispyridinium oximes as
      reactivators of acetylcholinesterase inhibited by organophosphorus compounds.
AB  - The kinetics of the reactivation of acetylcholinesterase inhibited by isopropyl
      methylphosphonofluoridate was studied. The reactivators used include nine
      bispyridinium monooximes and three bispyridinium dioximes. The dissociation
      constant (Kd) and the rate constant (k2) of dephosphorylation of the complex
      formed from the organophosphorus acetylcholinesterase (OP-AChE) and the oxime
      were measured. The reactivation parameters obtained from the in vitro kinetic
      studies were used to elucidate the structure-activity relationships. The
      hydrophobic property of a nonoxime substituent at the 3-position on the
      pyridinium ring can exert a positive effect on their binding affinity to OP-AChE.
      However, the rate constants (k2) of the nucleophilic displacement of OP-AChE by
      oximes depend negatively on these physical and structural factors of the oximes.
      The correlations of the in vivo antidotal efficacy (ED50) of these bispyridinium
      oximes have been analyzed with their pharmacological properties, e.g.,
      reactivation potency, antimuscarinic activities, and antinicotinic activities.
      However, no satisfactory correlations were observed. It may be concluded that the
      detoxication mechanism of poisoning by isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate is
      different from those of pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate and paraoxon.

PMID- 3699333
TI  - Subchronic inhalation toxicity of methyl isoamyl ketone in rats.
AB  - Rats were exposed by inhalation, 6 hr/day, 5 days/week, to target vapor
      concentrations of 2000, 1000, or 0 ppm of methyl isoamyl ketone (MIAK) for 12
      exposures spanning 16 days, and 2000, 1000, 200, or 0 ppm for 69 exposures
      spanning 96 days. Body weights, hematology, and serum clinical chemistry
      determinations were comparable to controls in both inhalation studies. Clinical
      signs of toxicity were lethargy and decreased aural response (2000 ppm, 2-week
      study; 2000 and 1000 ppm, 90-day study) and nasal and eye irritation (2000 and
      1000 ppm, 90-day study). In addition, the excretion of gel-like casts in seminal
      fluid was seen in males exposed to 2000 and 1000 ppm in both studies. Increases
      in absolute and relative liver and kidney weights were observed in both sexes
      following exposure to 2000 and 1000 ppm in the 2-week and 90-day studies. Liver
      weight increases were exposure dependent and in the 90-day study reflected
      hepatocyte hypertrophy observed on microscopic examination. Microscopic kidney
      changes were hyalin degeneration or hyalin droplet formation in males in the 2
      week (2000 and 1000 ppm) and 90-day (2000 ppm) studies; and minor to moderate
      regeneration of tubular epithelium (2000 and 1000 ppm) in both studies. Minor
      tubular epithelium regeneration was seen in females exposed to 2000 ppm for 90
      days. The toxicity of MIAK following inhalation exposure was not as extensive or
      severe as that resulting from a prior study in which male rats were dosed orally
      with 2000 mg/kg/day (a dose comparable to 2000 ppm) for 13 weeks.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3699335
TI  - Type 1 error and power of the linear trend test in proportions under the National
      Toxicology Program's modified pathology protocol.
AB  - This paper investigates the relationship between the probability of detecting a
      statistically significant linear trend in the proportion of animals observed to
      have tumors for the modified pathology protocol currently being employed by The
      National Toxicology Program. We considered over 300 possible dose-response
      relationships and tested at 5% and 1% significance levels. The results indicate
      that a small loss in the probability of detecting a statistically significant
      result will occur when the modified protocol is used instead of the previous
      pathology protocol. This loss varies as a function of the design of the study in
      terms of dose and animal allocation and as a function of the steepness of the
      dose-response relationship. The absolute difference between the probability of a
      statistically significant result for the original pathology protocol and that for
      the modified pathology protocol never exceeded 0.03. This difference was always
      less than 8% of the probability of a statistically significant result for the
      original pathology protocol.

PMID- 3699336
TI  - Preclinical toxicology studies with the lipid-regulating agent gemcadiol.
AB  - Gemcadiol is a medium-length diol moiety with lipid-regulating properties in
      animals and man. The compound was not toxic when single doses were administered
      to rodents with the lethal dose greater than 7000 mg/kg in rats and mice. Rats
      treated for 13 or 52 weeks with 30 to 300 mg/kg had reversible food intake
      suppression and weight gain inhibition, decreased blood cholesterol, slight
      anemia, and generally dose-related but reversible decreases in glucose, and
      increases in alkaline phosphatase and blood urea nitrogen. Liver weights were
      increased, and there was accompanying hypertrophy and increased cytoplasmic
      eosinophilia of hepatocytes with associated peroxisome proliferation. Rats
      treated for 52 weeks also had mild renal tubular dilatation. Dogs given 25 to 300
      mg/kg of gemcadiol for up to 52 weeks tolerated the compound better than rats.
      Effects related to compound administration were elevated serum alanine
      aminotransferase activity in female animals only, and microscopic cytoplasmic
      vacuolation and hyaline body formation in both sexes. Monkeys given 25 to 300
      mg/kg gemcadiol for 13 weeks had slightly decreased serum cholesterol and
      slightly increased serum creatine phosphokinase. Teratology studies in rats or
      rabbits indicated no teratogenic response. Gemcadiol affects principally the
      liver, and the hepatic alterations seen in rats and dogs may reflect compensatory
      manifestations of altered metabolism related to the lipid-regulating activity of
      the compound.

PMID- 3699337
TI  - Decreased extractability of DNA from proteins in the rat nasal mucosa after
      acetaldehyde exposure.
AB  - Acetaldehyde and formaldehyde have been found to induce nasal cancer in two
      species of rodents. To understand the mechanism of carcinogenesis by
      acetaldehyde, studies were carried out to determine whether acetaldehyde can
      react with DNA in target tissues of the rat nasal cavity. When fresh homogenates
      of the nasal respiratory mucosa were incubated with acetaldehyde (distilled under
      N2) at concentrations of 10, 100, or 500 mM, followed by solubilization and
      extraction with a strongly denaturing aqueous-immiscible organic solvent mixture,
      a decrease was observed in the amount of DNA partitioned into the aqueous phase
      at the two higher acetaldehyde concentrations. The absent DNA was recovered from
      the interfacial layer by proteolytic digestion. Similarly, incubation of calf
      thymus nucleohistones with acetaldehyde (100, 300, Similarly, incubation of calf
      thymus nucleohistones with acetaldehyde (100, 300, or 1000 mM) or with
      formaldehyde (10, 30, or 100 mM) followed by precipitation of the DNA with H2SO4
      and analysis of the supernatants by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis resulted in concentration-dependent decreases in the quantities
      of histone proteins released from the DNA. These results indicate that
      acetaldehyde as well as formaldehyde can form DNA-protein crosslinks in vitro. A
      single 6-hr exposure of male Fischer-344 rats to acetaldehyde (100, 300, 1000, or
      3000 ppm) resulted in a significant increase relative to air-exposed controls in
      the percent interfacial DNA from the nasal respiratory mucosa at concentrations
      equal to or greater than 1000 ppm. No increase in the interfacial DNA from the
      olfactory mucosa was detected after a single 6-hr exposure (1000 or 3000 ppm),
      but a significant increase was found in rats hr/day for 5 days) to acetaldehyde
      (1000 ppm). Thus, evidence has been obtained hr/day for 5 days) to acetaldehyde
      (1000 ppm). Thus, evidence has been obtained for the formation of DNA-protein
      crosslinks by acetaldehyde in target tissues of the rat nasal cavity at
      concentrations similar to those that induced nasal cancer.

PMID- 3699338
TI  - Subchronic oral toxicology of 4-chloro-3-nitroaniline in the rat.
AB  - 4-Chloro-3-nitroaniline was given to groups of 20 male and 20 female rats by
      gavage at doses of 3.6, 18, or 90 mg/kg in a 10% corn oil suspension. Doses were
      administered 5 days per week for 90 days. The high dose resulted in reduced body
      weight gain in males, reduced feed consumption and fluctuating feed consumption
      in both sexes, slight hemolytic anemia with Heinz bodies in both sexes,
      enlargement of the spleen due to congestion, hemosiderosis, and increased
      extramedullary hematopoiesis in both sexes, inflammatory changes in the splenic
      capsules of two females, hemosiderin pigmentation of the liver in both sexes,
      bone marrow hyperplasia in both sexes, increased liver weight in females, and
      testicular atrophy. The middle dose produced a fluctuating feed consumption
      pattern in males, Heinz bodies in both sexes, very slight anemia in females,
      splenic hemosiderosis in males, slightly increased splenic extramedullary
      hematopoiesis in females, hemosiderin pigmentation of the liver in males, and
      possibly increased liver weight in females, and inflammatory changes in the
      splenic capsule of one male. The low dose produced Heinz bodies in males and
      possibly females although the Heinz body counts of females were not statistically
      significant. The primary toxicologic damage produced by 4-chloro-3-nitroaniline
      is hemolytic or Heinz body anemia and testicular atrophy. Thus the toxicity of 4
      chloro-3-nitroaniline is similar to that of other aromatic nitro and amino
      chemicals.

PMID- 3699339
TI  - Subchronic inhalation of diethylamine vapor in Fischer-344 rats: organ system
      toxicity.
AB  - Male and female Fischer 344 (F-344) rats were exposed at 0,25 or 250 ppm
      diethylamine (DEA) vapor, 6.5 hr per day, 5 days per week, for 24 weeks in order
      to assess cardiac and other organ system toxicity. Scheduled sacrifices were
      performed following 30, 60, and 120 days of exposure. During the first 2 weeks of
      exposure, the rats exposed at 250 ppm DEA did not gain weight. After 2 weeks,
      however, the rate of weight gain of these rats was greater than that of controls.
      Nevertheless, mean body weights for both sexes of rats exposed at 250 ppm DEA
      remained depressed compared to controls throughout the study. Sneezing, tearing,
      and reddened noses were seen in rats exposed at 250 ppm DEA. Histopathologic
      examinations revealed lesions of the nasal mucosa of rats exposed at 250 ppm DEA
      (rats exposed at 25 ppm were not evaluated). These lesions of the respiratory
      epithelium consisted of squamous metaplasia, suppurative rhinitis, and lymphoid
      hyperplasia. There were no pronounced treatment-related effects on organ weights,
      hematology, or clinical chemistry indices except for blood urea nitrogen which
      was evaluated in rats of both sexes exposed at 250 ppm DEA for 24 weeks. In
      contrast to the high-dose animals, no treatment-related effects were observed in
      rats intermittently exposed at 25 ppm DEA for up to 24 weeks. No evidence of
      cardiotoxicity was seen in rats exposed to either DEA concentration for up to 24
      weeks.

PMID- 3699340
TI  - Effectiveness of physostigmine as a pretreatment drug for protection of rats from
      organophosphate poisoning.
AB  - The effectiveness of physostigmine and atropine pretreatment against the lethal
      effects of sarin was studied in rats given lethal subcutaneous injections (130
      micrograms/kg) of the organophosphate. Pretreatment of these animals with
      physostigmine 30 min prior to injection of sarin reduced mortality to 28% and
      when the drug coadministered with atropine only 4% of the animals died. The
      latter treatment also reduced significantly the extent and duration of symptoms
      due to sarin; however, atropine, pyridostigmine, and neostigmine injected alone
      did not protect animals against the lethal effects of sarin. Physostigmine caused
      only slight inhibition of cholinesterase in blood and skeletal muscle.
      Cholinesterase activity in blood and muscle of rats pretreated with physostigmine
      before sarin administration was significantly higher than in tissues from rats
      injected with sarin alone. In rats receiving sarin following pretreatment with
      physostigmine, twitch potentiation of extensor muscles and maintenance of tension
      during tetanic stimulation of the nerve recovered to near control levels. Muscle
      function recovered despite significant inhibition of cholinesterase. Effective
      protection against lethality by physostigmine could be related to protection of
      cerebral cholinesterase since inhibition of this enzyme by sarin was lowered
      significantly after pretreatment with physostigmine. Alternatively, physostigmine
      may also interact with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ion-channel complex
      directly.

PMID- 3699341
TI  - [Hypobiosis and functional cold temperature resistance].

PMID- 3699342
TI  - [Rheoencephalographic indices of adaptive reactions to neuropsychological loading
      in healthy subjects and in vascular pathology of the brain].

PMID- 3699343
TI  - [Prospects for complex study of the brain using computer tomography on an
      epileptic syndrome model].

PMID- 3699344
TI  - [Mental efficiency of children with different lability of basic nervous
      processes].

PMID- 3699345
TI  - [Reflection of short-term memory processes in electrographic indices].

PMID- 3699346
TI  - [Dynamics of the electrolytic composition of saliva and the excretory function of
      the kidneys during human adaptation to an altered gaseous environment].

PMID- 3699347
TI  - [Complex approach to the study of adaptive systemic reactions and functional
      states in man. I. The temporal factor in the formation of subcomplexes of
      physiologic indices of the dynamics of functional states and provision of
      equipment for the research].

PMID- 3699348
TI  - [Neurophysiology of paroxysmal pathologic states].

PMID- 3699349
TI  - [Responses of neurons and evoked potentials in subcortical structures of the
      human brain during visual recognition. II. Effect of stimulus relevance on evoked
      responses of neurons].

PMID- 3699350
TI  - [Effect of intense mental work during stressful conditions on cardiac activity,
      hemodynamics and cerebral circulation].

PMID- 3699351
TI  - [Thermoencephaloscopy].

PMID- 3699352
TI  - [Changes in heart rate during operator activity among persons with information
      neuroses during speleotherapy treatment].

PMID- 3699353
TI  - [Role of changes in the hormonal status of man during the development of motion
      sickness].

PMID- 3699354
TI  - [Endogenous neuropeptides in the regulation of motor functions of the brain in
      healthy subjects and pathology].

PMID- 3699355
TI  - [Interhemispheric asymmetry during changes in the functional state of the brain].

PMID- 3699356
TI  - [Perception and recall of verbal emotiogenic information among patients with
      neurasthesia with a protracted course].

PMID- 3699357
TI  - [Localization and causes of the development of systolic murmurs in healthy
      children].

PMID- 3699358
TI  - [Heart and respiratory rates with regard to the degree of success in performing
      mental tasks].

PMID- 3699360
TI  - [Prolonged muscular activity and cardiac output at various levels of physical
      work].

PMID- 3699359
TI  - [Circulation in the extremities of persons with normal and abnormal arterial
      pressure].

PMID- 3699362
TI  - [Friction and thixotropy of passive skeletal muscles].

PMID- 3699361
TI  - [Electromyographic analysis of the regulation of respiration during muscular
      work].

PMID- 3699363
TI  - [2-component cortical potential reflecting cessation of movement].

PMID- 3699364
TI  - [Relation between lengthening of the triceps surae and the angles of the ankle
      and knee joints].

PMID- 3699365
TI  - [Changes in the physiologic indices of mental and physical work capacity among
      workers with lung diseases engaged in mental work and participating in various
      exercise programs].

PMID- 3699366
TI  - [Informational approach to the evaluation of changes in the physical
      characteristics of an operator exposed to various work conditions].

PMID- 3699367
TI  - [Relation between the regulation of muscular activity and the biorhythm type of
      the individual].

PMID- 3699368
TI  - [Seasonal dynamics of diurnal rhythms of oxygen consumption and heat production
      among adolescents in Siberia].

PMID- 3699369
TI  - [Dynamics of the systems organization of functions during adaptation to work in
      extreme circumstances].

PMID- 3699370
TI  - [Functional tension of the body and personality traits of operator
      micromanipulators].

PMID- 3699371
TI  - [Evaluation of the functional status of operators according to indices of their
      mental work capacity].

PMID- 3699372
TI  - [Basis of physiologic criteria for evaluating the functional status of the human
      body during exposure to high environmental temperatures].

PMID- 3699373
TI  - [Character of electrocutaneous activity during the transition from wakefulness to
      sleep].

PMID- 3699374
TI  - [Assessment of the size of a contour test image upon identification of the
      masker].

PMID- 3699375
TI  - [Recording of long-latency auditory evoked potentials using biotechnologic theta
      rhythm feedback].

PMID- 3699376
TI  - [Sensitivity of subcutaneous soft tissues of the hand associated with pain].

PMID- 3699377
TI  - [Determination of monoamine oxidase and catechol orthomethyltransferase activity
      of the thrombocytes of healthy subjects of various age groups].

PMID- 3699378
TI  - [Manganese metabolism in healthy subjects at various times of the year].

PMID- 3699379
TI  - [Dynamics of super-slow bioelectrical activity of the brain in operators of
      automated systems].

PMID- 3699380
TI  - [Human adaptation to exposure to antagonistic environmental factors].

PMID- 3699381
TI  - [Concentration of aldosterone in the blood of humans during ontogenesis].

PMID- 3699382
TI  - [Method of describing interactions in a neuronal system].

PMID- 3699383
TI  - [Adaptation of electromyographic analysis to psychological testing problems].

PMID- 3699384
TI  - [Method of statistical evaluation of the variability and structure of the heart
      rate].

PMID- 3699385
TI  - [Does a characteristic hepatic sinusoid pathology exist?].

PMID- 3699386
TI  - [Gastroesophageal 99mTc scintigraphy in gastroesophageal reflux].
AB  - The aim of this study was to compare gastroesophageal 99mTc scintiscanning (GES),
      the pH reflux test (TRA) and esophageal manometry in the assessment of
      gastroesophageal reflux (GER). GES was performed after oral intake of sulfur
      colloid labeled with 99m technetium and 300 ml of water. Calculation of an index
      of reflux gave a semi-quantitative assessment of the GER. Sixty patients with
      symptoms of GER (typical in 51 cases, atypical in 9 cases) had the three tests. A
      GES was also performed in 17 normal volunteers and in 12 patients of the series
      after fundoplication. The diagnostic specificity of GES was 1.0 in GER. GES was
      less frequently positive than the pH reflux test in GER (68.6 p. 100 versus 80.4
      p. 100) but the difference was not significant. These two tests were more
      sensitive than manometry. The index of reflux was higher in patients than in
      control subjects (p less than 0.0005) and returned to normal values after
      fundoplication. A correlation between the index of reflux and the stage of pH
      reflux test was observed. It is suggested that GES can be used in the initial
      assessment of GER as an alternative to TRA and performed repeatedly during the
      follow-up of patients treated surgically.

PMID- 3699387
TI  - [Treatment of rectal cancer with the neodymium-YAG laser].
AB  - Fifty-two non-surgical patients presenting rectal carcinoma were treated
      initially with palliative laser Nd-YAG. Their mean age was 79 years (49-92).
      Thirty patients had a severe diarrheic syndrome, associated with tenesmus in 27
      cases; 20 patients had repeated hematochezia (5 presenting diarrhea as well); 6
      had obstructive signs and one was symptom-free. Thirty lesions were less than 6
      cm in size, 12 were between 7 and 10 cm and 10 were greater than 10 cm. Twenty
      two lesions were circumferential. During the study period, 444 laser sessions
      were performed (mean 8.5/patient). Bleeding was stopped in all cases during the
      first session. Improvement of the diarrheic syndrome, obtained in 24 of the 30
      patients, was correlated with the reduction of tumor volume. Tenesmus disappeared
      after 1 or 2 sessions, regardless of whether the tumor was destroyed or not.
      Failure was observed in 6 patients with lesions larger than 10 cm. Colostomy was
      avoided in 4 of the 6 obstructed patients. Negative biopsies were repeatedly
      obtained after mucosal repair in 9 patients with small lesions (less than 6 cm).
      Mean follow-up is now 8.2 months for the patients still alive. Complications
      were: 2 cicatricial stenosis and 3 hemorrhages (one required blood transfusion).
      Laser Nd-YAG allows palliative but conservative and effective treatment for
      rectal cancers. Although complete destruction is possible for small lesions,
      indications with curative intent are currently limited to patients with major
      contraindications to surgery.

PMID- 3699388
TI  - [A triple association: rectocolonic adenomatosis, gastroduodenal polyposis and
      secreting adrenocortical adenoma].
AB  - A case of adenomatosis coli, gastroduodenal polyps, and functional adrenocortical
      adenoma in a 28 year-old woman is reported. The association of cystic fundic
      gland polyposis and duodenal adenomatosis was demonstrated endoscopically. The
      particular point of interest in this case report is the functional nature of the
      adrenocortical adenoma. Endocrine tumors associated with adenomatosis coli are
      generally discovered at autopsy. No similar case has been previously published.

PMID- 3699389
TI  - [Idiopathic hemochromatosis disclosed after Yersinia infection: 2 new cases].

PMID- 3699390
TI  - [Must gallbladder polyps be surgically treated? Relation of gallbladder adenoma
      and adenocarcinoma].

PMID- 3699391
TI  - [Association of celiac disease and Hartnup's disease? Value of the tryptophan
      loading test].

PMID- 3699392
TI  - The plasma aminogram in inflammatory bowel disease.

PMID- 3699393
TI  - [Acute pancreatitis and acute hyperparathyroidism].

PMID- 3699394
TI  - [Microscopic colitis sensitive to anti-infective agents].

PMID- 3699395
TI  - [21st Forum on Research in Hepato-gastroenterology. 10th French-language seminar
      on Hepatology and Gastroenterology. Nice, 10-14 March 1986. Abstracts].

PMID- 3699396
TI  - Eradication of esophageal varices with repeated injection sclerotherapy in
      inoperable patients.
AB  - Esophageal varices in 50 cirrhotic patients were treated with repeated injection
      sclerotherapy. Eradication of varices was achieved in 27 patients (54.0%) with a
      mean of 4.5 injections (range 2-12) after a mean period of 3.1 months (range 1
      11). There was no variceal bleeding in these 27 patients once eradication had
      been achieved, with a mean follow up period of 5.6 months, although bleeding
      occurred in 5 of the same group before eradication of the varices had been
      achieved, during an average of 3.1 months, and in 6 of the remaining 23 patients
      (10 episodes) with residual varices after a mean of 4.7 injections (range 2-12)
      in a mean period of 12.2 months (range 1-33). Esophageal varices can thus be
      eradicated with repeated injections and bleeding from recurrent esophageal
      varices can be prevented in many patients after eradication has been achieved.

PMID- 3699397
TI  - A clinico-radiological reappraisal of intestinal tuberculosis--changing profile?
AB  - Intestinal tuberculosis is still common in developing countries. In 186 patients
      with intestinal tuberculosis, clinical features, radiological findings and
      complications were carefully recorded and compared with those from earlier
      studies with a view to study any possible changes after the liberal use of
      antitubercular drugs. Sixty two percent of the patients in the present series had
      had prior exposure to antitubercular drugs. The incidence of systemic symptoms
      like fever and anorexia, alternating diarrhoea and constipation, peritoneal and
      lymph node involvements and associated pulmonary lesions were less frequently
      observed. On the other hand, an indolent and complicated course with intestinal
      obstruction (47%) and lower gastrointestinal bleeding (5.5%) and frequent colonic
      involvement (19%) often necessitating surgical intervention appeared to have
      become more frequent than reported in earlier series. Awareness of these changes
      in the clinical profile of intestinal tuberculosis should be helpful in the
      diagnosis and management of the condition.

PMID- 3699398
TI  - Studies on hepatobiliary lymph flow with radioactive colloid--for lymph node
      metastasis resection of carcinoma of the bifurcation of hepatic duct.
AB  - Hepatobiliary lymphoscintigraphy by Technetium 99m-rhenium colloid (99mTc-Re
      colloid) using a fine needle guided by ultrasonography was performed on 12
      patients who underwent resection of the hepatoduodenal ligament lymph nodes.
      Histological examination revealed no lymph node metastasis in 8 patients. In 4
      patients in whom 99mTc-Re colloid was injected into the left medial inferior
      hepatic segment, periarterial lymph nodes showed higher isotope uptake count than
      periductal nodes, and lymph nodes around the common hepatic artery revealed
      higher values than superior posterior pancreatoduodenal nodes. On the contrary,
      in 3 patients in whom the isotope was injected into the right anterior inferior
      segment, periductal lymph nodes had higher values than periarterial nodes, and
      superior posterior pancreatoduodenal lymph nodes showed higher values than those
      around the common hepatic artery. In one patient in whom the isotope was injected
      into both right and left segments, superior posterior pancreatoduodenal lymph
      nodes showed similar values to those around the common hepatic artery. Periportal
      lymph nodes tended to have values between those of periarterial and periductal
      ones. Lymph node metastases were confirmed in 4 patients in whom the
      relationships mentioned above was not always observed, and periportal lymph nodes
      showed the highest values among the three.

PMID- 3699400
TI  - Mechanisms of acute gastric mucosal lesion accompanying obstructive jaundice-
      role of bile acids in plasma.
AB  - The mechanism of acute gastric mucosal lesion (AGML) accompanying obstructive
      jaundice was studied in male Wistar rats, with special reference to the effect of
      bile acids in plasma on mucosubstances in the gastric mucosa. Following ligation
      of the common bile duct, total plasma level of bile acids increased 24 folds over
      the control level, and gastric mucosal mucus contents, measured biochemically or
      histochemically, significantly decreased. Effect of increased bile acids in the
      blood stream on the gastric mucosa was estimated by continuous intravenous
      administration of sodium taurocholate. After 24 hours infusion, both gastric acid
      output and gastric mucus contents significantly decreased. Further imposition of
      restraint and water immersion stress produced AGML significantly earlier than in
      control rats with continuous intravenous infusion of 0.9% NaCl. These data
      suggest that the increased plasma level of bile acids play an important role on
      the reduction of the gastric-mucosal defense mechanism in obstructive jaundice
      directly through their toxic effects, and that this easily results in the
      formation of AGML under additional stresses.

PMID- 3699399
TI  - Effect of intracerebroventricular injection of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
      on systemic blood pressure and pancreatic and gastric secretions in the rat.
AB  - In order to examine the role of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in
      systemic blood pressure and pancreatic and gastric secretions in rats, the
      peptide was given to rats either intravenously (i.v.) through the femoral vein or
      intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) through the lateral ventricle. VIP, when given
      i.v., showed a systemic, hypotensive effect and a stimulatory effect on
      pancreatic secretion in urethane-anesthetized rats. When VIP was given i.c.v.,
      there was no change in systemic blood pressure and pancreatic secretion in
      urethane-anesthetized rats, nor in gastric secretion both in urethane
      anesthetized, stomach-perfused rats and in conscious, chronic gastric fistula
      rats. More research is needed to determine the central effect of VIP in digestive
      secretion.

PMID- 3699401
TI  - A case of Venoplant-induced hepatic injury.
AB  - The first case of hepatic injury induced by Venoplant, extracts of Aesculus
      Hippocastanum, having antiinflammatory activities, was described. A 37 yr-old man
      was admitted for treatment of pathological fracture of the left brachial bone. He
      had been received 65 mg Venoplant at another hospital several hours before
      admission. 17 days later, a liver function test showed mild abnormality and 60
      days after injection, he complained of pruritus and jaundice. Laboratory studies
      revealed moderate elevation of total bilirubin, ALP, gamma-GTP and mild
      eosinophilia. CT studies and ERC showed no signs of extrahepatic obstructive
      jaundice. The lymphocyte stimulation test was positive. The liver biopsy
      demonstrated marked cholestasis with zonal necrosis in the centrilobular areas
      but showed little or no changes in the portal tracts. These features are
      consistent with drug-induced hepatic injury.

PMID- 3699402
TI  - Rapid diuresis in patients with ascites from chronic liver disease: the
      importance of peripheral edema.
AB  - Serial measurements of plasma volume and ascites volume were made during
      treatment with large doses of oral diuretics in 14 patients with stable chronic
      liver disease. Eight patients had pitting edema in addition to ascites.
      Reproducibility of ascites and plasma volume measurements was verified in 10
      control subjects not receiving diuretics. Six patients without edema undergoing
      rapid diuresis lost a mean of 1.2 +/- 0.2 L of ascites and an equivalent amount
      of weight (1.3 +/- 0.4 kg) per day. All had a rise in blood urea nitrogen or
      creatinine, or both, and a fall in creatinine clearance. Eight patients with
      edema undergoing rapid diuresis lost more weight (1.8 +/- 0.5 kg/day, p = 0.06)
      but less ascites (0.7 +/- 0.35 L/day, p less than 0.05) than those without edema,
      and none developed renal insufficiency. After edema disappeared, ascites
      mobilization increased (1.4 +/- 0.7 L/day) and renal dysfunction occurred. Plasma
      volume fell an average of 24% +/- 9% in patients without edema but did not change
      in patients with edema (-0.4% +/- 3%). When edema disappeared, plasma volume fell
      significantly (28% +/- 8%, p less than 0.001). Electrolyte changes including
      hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and hypochloremia were seen only in the group without
      edema. Patients with ascites and no edema are able to mobilize more than 1 L/day
      during rapid diuresis, but at the expense of plasma volume contraction and renal
      insufficiency. Patients with peripheral edema appear to be protected from these
      effects because of the preferential mobilization of edema and may safely undergo
      diuresis at a rapid rate (greater than 2 kg/day) until edema disappears.

PMID- 3699403
TI  - Utilization of alpha-ketoisocaproate for synthesis of hepatic export proteins and
      peripheral proteins in normal and cirrhotic subjects.
AB  - The ratio R, defined as (percent of dose of 14C)/(percent of dose of 3H) in the
      leucine of plasma fibrinogen, albumin, immunoglobulin G (IgG), red cell globin,
      and salivary mucin, was measured in 7 normal adults and in 5 cirrhotic patients
      during continuous intragastric infusion of 1-14C-labeled alpha-ketoisocaproate
      (KIC) and 3H-labeled leucine. The ratio R measured in whole body protein has been
      shown in rat experiments to be a measure of the nutritional efficiency of KIC
      relative to leucine. In normal subjects, R in albumin and fibrinogen became
      constant (0.63 +/- 0.05) after the third hour and were indistinguishable from one
      another. The ratio R in IgG was similar and constant. The ratio R in plasma
      leucine (0.62 +/- 0.06) was significantly lower than R in mucin (0.86 +/- 0.04)
      or globin (0.73 +/- 0.04), indicating that these latter proteins derive a
      significant fraction of their leucine from KIC transaminated locally, rather than
      from circulating leucine. Results in 5 cirrhotic patients were the same, except
      that R in IgG and R in globin were significantly increased. Thus, cirrhosis does
      not alter the efficiency, relative to leucine, with which oral KIC is used for
      synthesis of export proteins by the liver, but increases the efficiency with
      which it is used for the synthesis of some proteins peripherally.

PMID- 3699404
TI  - Significance of megamitochondria in alcoholic liver disease.
AB  - The significance of megamitochondria in the alcoholic liver injury of humans was
      investigated as part of a large Veterans Administration cooperative study of the
      natural history of alcoholic hepatitis. Two hundred twenty patients were
      clinically stratified into the following three groups according to disease
      severity using serum bilirubin and prothrombin time as indicators: Group 1 (mild
      disease), serum bilirubin levels less than 5 mg/dl and prothrombin time prolonged
      for less than 4 s; group 2 (moderate disease), serum bilirubin levels greater
      than 5 mg/dl but prothrombin time prolonged for less than 4 s; and group 3
      (severe disease), serum bilirubin levels greater than 5 mg/dl and prothrombin
      time prolonged for greater than 4 s. Megamitochondria were observed in 20% of the
      patients (45 of 220). Of these, 43 patients were in groups 1 and 2 of severity
      and only 1 patient belonged in group 3. The association of megamitochondria with
      cirrhosis was infrequent (33%, 15 of 45 patients). The differences in severity
      correlated with the differences in mortality: in patients with megamitochondria,
      only 1 had died at 6 mo compared with 40 deaths in patients without
      megamitochondria. By 12 mo, there were two deaths in patients with
      megamitochondria versus 51 deaths in those patients without. No complications
      were present in 72% of patients with megamitochondria versus 39% for those
      without. Infection, gastrointestinal bleeding, pancreatitis, hyperglycemia,
      azotemia, delirium tremens, seizures, and hepatic encephalopathy were all more
      common in patients without megamitochondria. The patients with megamitochondria
      appear to represent a subcategory of alcoholic hepatitis with a milder degree of
      clinical severity, lower incidence of cirrhosis, fewer complications, and good
      long-term survival.

PMID- 3699405
TI  - Nd:YAG laser photocoagulation in colorectal adenoma. Evaluation of its safety,
      usefulness, and efficacy.
AB  - The usefulness, efficacy, safety, and tissue effects of Nd:YAG laser
      photocoagulation were investigated prospectively in 100 patients. Sixty-seven
      elderly patients with colorectal adenoma and 21 patients with rectal stump polyps
      after colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis in familial polyposis were evaluated.
      We subdivided our patients into those with extensive, intermediate, and small
      lesions, and we assessed completeness of tumor ablation, recurrence, and
      complications in all three groups. In the extensive group only 8 patients
      achieved complete (i.e., gross endoscopic and histologic) tumor ablation, whereas
      in 18 patients adenomatous tissue persisted or recurred after a tumor-free
      interval. In the intermediate group complete tumor ablation was achieved in 10 of
      22 patients. Small adenomas were completely ablated in 18 of 19 patients. Five
      instances of carcinoma were detected in each subgroup of nonresponding extensive
      (18 patients) and intermediate (12 patients) lesions at follow-up. Prior to laser
      photocoagulation, symptoms such as watery diarrhea, excessive mucous discharge,
      hypokalemia, dehydration, and hematochezia and iron-deficiency anemia were
      present in 16 of 26 patients with extensive adenoma and in 13 of 22 patients with
      intermediate adenoma. Symptoms subsided during the course of treatment in all but
      1 patient, even with the absence of complete ablation. Major complications,
      consisting of bleeding, symptomatic stenosis, or perforation occurred in 11.6%
      with extensive adenomas, in 9.1% with intermediate adenomas, and in none with
      small adenomas. Minor complications such as transient asymptomatic stenosis,
      minor posttreatment hemorrhage, pain, and "serositis" occurred in 30.9% with
      extensive lesions, in 27.3% with intermediate lesions, and in 10.6% with small
      lesions. There was no mortality. Treatment of multiple tiny polyps in 21 patients
      with familial polyposis was easy and efficient, without retraction and scarring,
      and without complications. We have concluded that laser photocoagulation is safe
      and uniformly effective in the ablation of small colorectal adenoma and in
      recurrent polyps in patients with familial polyposis. In patients with
      intermediate or large adenomas, symptoms are highly responsive to treatment, but
      complete tumor ablation--as documented upon repeated endoscopy and multiple
      biopsies--can only be expected in approximately 40%-50% in long-term follow-up.
      The high incidence of cancers in these two groups (21%) underscores the need for
      continued surveillance and frequent biopsy. Major and minor complications will
      occur in 40% in these sizeable lesions, being of clinical importance in only
      10%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3699406
TI  - Influence of the site of a duodenal ulcer on its mode of presentation.
AB  - The aims of this study were to define the localization of duodenal ulcer and to
      determine whether the site influenced the initial presentation. Eight hundred
      eighty-four duodenal ulcer patients diagnosed by endoscopy in Singapore and
      Sydney were studied. The ulcer was situated on the anterior wall of the bulb in
      49% and the posterior wall of the bulb in 23%. The distribution was not
      influenced by sex, age, or the center of diagnosis. Those situated posteriorly in
      the bulb were more likely to present with hemorrhage than those situated
      elsewhere.

PMID- 3699407
TI  - Effects of different types of stress and of "prokinetic" drugs on the control of
      the fasting motor complex in humans.
AB  - Upper small bowel motility was continuously recorded for 36-48 h in 37 healthy
      ambulant volunteers using twin pressure-sensitive radiotelemetric capsules
      tethered in the small bowel. Each study began with a 24-h period that was free of
      applied stress. The second 24-h period included 7 h of intermittent psychological
      stress during the day and brief episodes of acute stress during the following
      night, except in the members of a control group to whom no stress was applied.
      Stress responses were assessed from cardiovascular status and self-reported
      visual analogue scales. Applied stress during the second day significantly
      inhibited the incidence of fasting migrating motor complexes compared with the
      first day; when no stress was applied there was no reduction in migrating motor
      complexes. Nocturnal stress was less effective in the inhibition of migrating
      motor complexes. All the stressors induced positive cardiovascular and subjective
      stress responses. The stress-induced inhibition of migrating motor complexes was
      reversed by oral metoclopramide; however, the drug did not reverse the
      cardiovascular or subjective response to stress. In contrast, domperidone did not
      inhibit the gastrointestinal effects of stress. Neither drug appeared to
      influence small bowel motility under normal conditions.

PMID- 3699408
TI  - Urinary excretion of polyethylene glycol 3350 and sulfate after gut lavage with a
      polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage solution.
AB  - Ingestion of an electrolyte lavage solution containing polyethylene glycol 3350
      and sulfate is an effective method of cleansing the colon for diagnostic studies.
      Polyethylene glycol and sulfate are considered poorly absorbed from the
      gastrointestinal tract. Because of the quantities administered, concern exists
      about potential toxicity of absorption of even a small percentage, particularly
      for polyethylene glycol. We measured the urinary excretion of both polyethylene
      glycol and sulfate in normal subjects and inflammatory bowel patients. Absorption
      of polyethylene glycol can be assessed by measuring recovery in urine, as 85%-96%
      of an intravenous load is excreted in urine. Similarly, appreciable sulfate
      absorption would exceed renal tubular reabsorption and result in increased
      urinary excretion. Mean percent polyethylene glycol load recovered in urine was
      minimal and similar for normal (0.06%) and inflammatory bowel (0.09%) subjects.
      Urinary sulfate excretion after lavage was also similar for both groups and was
      not different from baseline. These results do not suggest the likelihood of
      toxicity due to polyethylene glycol 3350 or sulfate absorption during gut lavage
      with this solution.

PMID- 3699409
TI  - Pyloric dysfunction in diabetics with recurrent nausea and vomiting.
AB  - Diabetes mellitus has been associated with a variety of gastrointestinal motor
      disturbances. Pyloric activity, however, has not been specifically investigated.
      We have quantified the pyloric manometric profile in 24 diabetics with recurrent
      nausea or vomiting, or both, without evidence of mechanical obstruction. Twelve
      healthy volunteers served as controls. A multilumen pneumohydraulic perfusion
      assembly with five side openings, each 1 cm apart, was positioned
      fluoroscopically across the antroduodenal junction and used to monitor pressure
      activity for 5 h (3 h fasting and 2 h fed). Three patterns of pyloric activity
      were defined and quantified: (a) baseline elevation of greater than or equal to 3
      mmHg for greater than or equal to 1 min (tonic pattern); (b) antral-type phasic
      pressure activity mixed with duodenal phasic activity (phasic pattern); and (c)
      phasic pattern superimposed on tonic activity (combined tonic-phasic pattern).
      The duration of the total pyloric activity before and after the meal was greater
      in diabetics than in controls (p less than 0.005). Furthermore, episodes of
      unusually prolonged (greater than or equal to 3 min) and intense (greater than or
      equal to 10 mmHg) tonic contraction, "pylorospasm," were observed in 14 of 24
      diabetics but in only 1 control (p = 0.025). In diabetics, episodes of
      pylorospasm had a peak amplitude of tonic activity of 13 +/- 1 mmHg and a
      duration of 7 +/- 0.7 min (mean +/- SE). We conclude that pyloric dysmotility
      forms part of the widespread disruption of gut motility that affects some
      patients with diabetes.

PMID- 3699410
TI  - Effect of rabbit anti-pancreatic polypeptide serum on postprandial pancreatic
      exocrine secretion in dogs.
AB  - To determine whether pancreatic polypeptide (PP) is a physiologic inhibitor of
      pancreatic secretion, we have studied the effects of normal rabbit serum and anti
      PP serum on pancreatic secretion during infusion of a physiologic dose of PP or
      intragastric food instillation in dogs. Infusion of 180 pmol/kg X h of PP,
      previously incubated with normal rabbit serum, induced increases in plasma PP
      (220 +/- 21 pmol/L) similar to those after the meal (213 +/- 51 pmol/L) and was
      accompanied by significant inhibition of pancreatic flow rate, bicarbonate
      output, and protein output (p less than 0.05) stimulated by secretin and
      cholecystokinin (n = 6). However, when the effect of exogenous PP was studied
      after in vivo administration of anti-PP serum or after previous in vitro
      incubation with anti-PP serum, no inhibition of pancreatic secretion was found,
      indicating that immunoneutralization of PP blocks the biologic activity of the
      hormone. Intragastric instillation of 400 ml of liver extract resulted in
      significant increases in pancreatic flow rate and outputs of protein and
      bicarbonate (p less than 0.01; n = 8), both during administration of normal
      rabbit serum and anti-PP serum. The postprandial increase in pancreatic secretion
      during administration of anti-PP serum was not significantly different from that
      during administration of normal rabbit serum. We, therefore, conclude that PP is
      not a physiologic inhibitor of postprandial pancreatic secretion.

PMID- 3699411
TI  - Stimulating effect of bombesin on the growth of gastrointestinal tract and
      pancreas in suckling rats.
AB  - The current study examines the effects of bombesin on gastrointestinal and
      pancreatic growth in suckling rats. During a period of 6 days, 7-day-old rats
      were injected twice daily with bombesin tetradecapeptide (20 micrograms/kg) in
      hydrolyzed gelatin or with gelatin alone. At the end of bombesin treatment, the
      weights of stomach, intestine, and pancreas; the heights of fundic and antral
      mucosae; and the density of parietal cells were significantly increased over
      control values. The gastrin cell population also tended to be augmented. The
      surface of glandular stomach, the duodenal mucosal height, and the somatostatin
      cell population were not modified as compared to controls. Electron morphometric
      analysis indicates that the increase in pancreatic weight under bombesin
      treatment was partly due to hypertrophy of acinar cells. This was confirmed by
      biochemical data that also showed that hypertrophy was associated with
      hyperplasia. Storage of secretory granules in acinar cells of the neonate rat
      pancreas under bombesin treatment seemed probable. Chymotrypsinogen and
      trypsinogen pancreatic contents were greatly augmented; lipase and colipase
      contents were not affected, whereas the amylase content tended to decrease. All
      these findings suggest that bombesin might be a general trophic factor for the
      neonatal digestive system in the rat. The mechanism of its action, however,
      remains to be determined.

PMID- 3699412
TI  - Function of a free jejunal "conduit" graft in the cervical esophagus.
AB  - The function of an autotransplanted jejunal graft used to reconstruct the
      pharyngoesophagus was evaluated in 12 patients, 2-40 mo after surgery. On
      clinical assessment most patients swallowed liquids and solids with minimal
      difficulty, although several described a need for liquids to "flush" solids to
      the stomach. Radiologic studies demonstrated a delay in orogastric transit in
      some patients above the lower anastomosis. The mechanism was apparent on motility
      studies: swallows generally failed to induce contractions in the graft, although
      the esophagus below exhibited stripping peristaltic waves. Regular contractile
      activity, characteristic of phase III of the intestinal migrating motor complex,
      was identified in 11 grafts. There was no temporal association between migrating
      motor complexes in the graft and those recorded at the jejunal donor site.
      Instillation of nutrients into the gastric antrum induced a typical "fed" pattern
      of contractions in the intact jejunum but not in the extrinsically denervated
      graft. In conclusion, the graft provides a useful, though generally passive
      conduit. The graft maintains its intrinsic motor repertoire, which is
      asynchronous with that of the donor site. The findings also support the
      hypothesis that extrinsic nerves are required to induce a "fed" pattern of
      intestinal motility.

PMID- 3699413
TI  - Projections of enteric motor neurons in the mouse distal colon.
AB  - This study examined the projections in vitro of excitatory and inhibitory colonic
      motor nerves in the unaffected siblings of mice with hereditary aganglionic colon
      -a strain of animals used as a model of Hirschsprung's disease. Microelectrode
      recordings from the circular muscle layer showed ongoing fluctuations in membrane
      potential (presumably junction potentials) that were sensitive to tetrodotoxin.
      Transmural electrical stimulation of the intrinsic nerves produced cholinergic
      excitatory and inhibitory junction potentials. The latter responses were more
      prolonged when recorded aboral to the stimulating electrodes. Apamin reduced, but
      did not block, these inhibitory potentials. Cholinergic excitatory junction
      potentials were abolished by d-tubocurarine when recording 2 mm from the
      stimulating electrodes; inhibitory junction potentials were recorded up to 10 mm
      in the presence of this drug. Thus, the intrinsic excitatory cholinergic motor
      neurons have relatively short projections to the circular smooth muscle compared
      with the projections of the inhibitory motor neurons.

PMID- 3699414
TI  - 24-hour recording of esophageal pressure and pH in patients with noncardiac chest
      pain.
AB  - Sixty patients with anginalike chest pain of noncardiac origin were studied to
      determine the diagnostic value of 24-h ambulatory esophageal pH and pressure
      monitoring. The results of these 24-h studies were compared with those obtained
      by established methods, including x-rays, endoscopy with biopsy, conventional
      esophageal manometry, and acid perfusion test. Esophageal origin of the chest
      pain was considered to be likely if the familiar pain sensation was reproduced by
      the acid perfusion test, or if the pain occurred during an episode of
      gastroesophageal reflux, severe motor disorders, or both. When the results of
      established methods were combined and interpreted according to predetermined
      criteria, esophageal origin of the pain was shown to be likely in 27% of the
      patients. The 24-h recordings, alone, showed the esophagus to be the likely cause
      of the pain in 35% of the patients. Combination of all conventional examinations
      and of 24-h recordings made esophageal origin of the pain likely in 48% of the
      patients.

PMID- 3699415
TI  - Multifocal small bowel lymphoma and latent celiac sprue.
AB  - Malignant small intestinal lymphoma may complicate or antedate clinical
      recognition of celiac sprue, a disorder becoming increasingly diagnosed as a
      subclinical or occult disease. A 73-yr-old woman with previously resected
      jejunoileal lymphoma and normal proximal small bowel biopsy specimens was given a
      high-gluten diet containing 40 g of added gluten daily for 4 wk. This caused
      small intestinal biopsy abnormalities typical of celiac sprue; the abnormalities
      resolved 6 wk later with a gluten-free diet. This indicates that latent celiac
      sprue may be present in some patients with lymphoma and suggests that the
      association of celiac sprue and lymphoma may be more frequent than is currently
      appreciated.

PMID- 3699416
TI  - Treatment of postoperative bile fistulas by internal endoscopic biliary drainage.
AB  - We report four consecutive cases in which postoperative cutaneous biliary
      fistulas were treated successfully by an endoscopically placed nasobiliary tube
      or an endoprosthesis. This simple and effective method should be considered in
      selected patients as a viable alternative to established surgical procedures.

PMID- 3699417
TI  - Small bowel malignant lymphoma complicating celiac sprue and the mesenteric lymph
      node cavitation syndrome.
AB  - Malignant small intestinal lymphoma may complicate or antedate clinical
      recognition of celiac sprue. However, histologic diagnosis of lymphoma is made
      especially difficult in the presence of small bowel ulceration. A 70-yr-old man
      with celiac sprue and a history of dermatitis herpetiformis was initially seen
      for recurrent diarrhea; panmalabsorption with steatorrhea and protein-losing
      enteropathy were documented. Subsequent studies showed ectopic gastric mucosa in
      the small bowel, hyposplenism with mesenteric lymph node cavitation, and small
      bowel erosions and ulceration. Despite strong clinical suspicion for more than 2
      yr, only 1 of 88 small bowel biopsy specimens was positive for lymphoma. At
      autopsy, shortly after histologic diagnosis of lymphoma, extensive small bowel
      involvement and infiltration were observed. This is the first report of lymphoma
      complicating the recently described nonneoplastic lymphoreticular syndrome
      associated with celiac sprue characterized by splenic atrophy and mesenteric
      lymph node cavitation.

PMID- 3699418
TI  - Removal of ascites: what's the rush?

PMID- 3699419
TI  - Lasers and colon polyps. Technology and pathology: the courtship continues.

PMID- 3699420
TI  - Diagnosis of IBS.

PMID- 3699421
TI  - Esophageal motor abnormality during hiccup.

PMID- 3699422
TI  - Motilin and diabetic gastroparesis: effect of MTC.

PMID- 3699423
TI  - Biliary lipids in gallstone patients.

PMID- 3699424
TI  - Relapse rates are more important than healing rates in determining the long-term
      outcome of duodenal ulcer therapy.

PMID- 3699425
TI  - GI lymphomatous polyposis.

PMID- 3699426
TI  - Urologic resectoscope vs. laser photoablation.

PMID- 3699427
TI  - Pancreas divisum.

PMID- 3699428
TI  - [Therapy and results of the treatment of vulvar cancer. A review of 234 cases
      1951-1976].
AB  - From 1951 to 1976 234 patients with invasive carcinoma of the vulva were treated
      at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School Hannover. 53.3%
      of these patients underwent simple vulvectomy. Radical vulvectomy and
      lymphadenectomy was performed in 17.9%. 45.7% received postoperative
      radiotherapy. -213 patients were followed up 5 years or more. After surgery alone
      the 5-year-survival rate was 56.9%, after operation and radiotherapy 43.4%, after
      exclusive radiation 14.2%. The 5-year-survival rate of all patients was 42.7%.

PMID- 3699429
TI  - [Standardized measurement of urethral pressure with normal values in the
      diagnosis of stress incontinence].
AB  - Standardising guidelines in urethrometry have been set up at the Department of
      Gynaecology of the Frauenfeld "Kantonsspital" hospital in collaboration with the
      Swiss working team for urodynamics. The article gives a detailed description of
      measurement technique, examination procedure and evaluation of curves. The
      standard values for continence, stress incontinence I and stress incontinence
      II/III are calculated. Finally, the article deals with the clinical
      interpretation of the urethral pressure profile.

PMID- 3699430
TI  - [Physical performance in pregnancy].
AB  - To evaluate their physical efficiency, 14 healthy untrained women were examined
      during pregnancy weeks 16-20, 25-29 and 34-38 and 5 to 10 weeks post partum, by
      spiroergometry at various exercise levels on the bicycle ergometer. Besides the
      spiroergometric values, circulatory parameters were measured and serum analyses
      were carried out. The physical efficiency of the subjects was by no means reduced
      in the stages of pregnancy investigated. Indeed, several factors indicated an
      improvement of performance. Thus common features were found regarding the
      physiological effects of pregnancy and endurance training: increase of the
      maximum oxygen uptake, lower lactate production when the aerobic/anaerobic
      threshold was exceeded at high exercise intensity, as well as a relatively lower
      pulse under exercise. The increased metabolic fat utilisation for energy
      production in physical work is likewise similar to the effect of endurance
      training. Many pregnant women occasionally feel that they have reduced physical
      efficiency. Pregnant subjects were subjected to a standardised exercise test to
      appraise these complaints objectively. The study carried out was intended to
      answer the question as to whether the specific processes of adaptation of the
      cardiopulmonary system in pregnancy would lead to an impairment of physical
      efficiency. Furthermore, the question was to be answered as to whether the
      altered metabolic conditions of pregnant women under exercise will influence
      energy production from carbohydrate and fat metabolism.

PMID- 3699431
TI  - [Status of obstetrical anesthesia in Germany].
AB  - A study on actual trends in obstetric analgesia and anaesthesia was conducted on
      data received from 385 German departments of obstetrics with a total of 267441
      deliveries. On the basis of these extensive data quantitative results could be
      obtained about analgesic procedures for spontaneous deliveries, operative-vaginal
      deliveries, Caesarean sections and in cases of foetal or maternal risks. The type
      of analgesics and local anaesthetics used, their side effects and complications
      were recorded. In addition the cooperation and interaction between obstetricians
      and anesthesiologists in practising and monitoring obstetrical analgesia and
      anaesthesia are described.

PMID- 3699432
TI  - [Labor management following previous cesarean section].
AB  - Between January 1, 1982 and March 31, 1984, 300 patients were delivered at Graz
      Gynaecological Clinic who had undergone Caesarean section during their previous
      delivery or deliveries at the clinic. It was possible to deliver 166 patients
      (55.3%) of their children vaginally. The rate of spontaneous labour was as high
      as 91.8% in a group of 61 women who had given birth vaginally once or several
      times either before or since the Caesarean section. Successful vaginal delivery
      occurred in 73.5% or 80.6% if the indication for the previous Caesarean section
      was a breech presentation or a foetal distress, and in 31.7% or 30.6% of those
      patients whose indication for their previous Caesarean section was a
      cephalopelvic disproportion or a prolonged labour. The Caesarean section had to
      be repeated in a total of 134 parturients (44.7%). Of these, the second Caesarean
      section was indicated primarily (electively) in 29.1%, secondarily in 70.9%. A
      rupture in the area of the old Caesarean scar occurred in 5 out of 300 cases
      (1.7%). In four cases this was diagnosed intraoperatively, and once during post
      partum palpation of the uterine cavity.

PMID- 3699433
TI  - [Is rupture of the symphysis a predictable event?].
AB  - A rupture of the symphysis that was complicated by recurrence is described. In
      order to determine possible causes, individual factors are discussed on the basis
      of the literature. In spite of possible early symptoms of increased stress of the
      pelvic girdle during pregnancy, rupture of the symphysis is a rare and
      unforeseeable obstetric complication, whose cause may possibly lie in the
      coincidence of several stress factors, such as increased loosening processes or a
      large fetus.

PMID- 3699434
TI  - [10-year comparison of deposits of heavy metals in the human placenta].
AB  - The environmental influence on the heavy metal's (trace elements) content of the
      human placenta was determined in tissues from three different regions of the FRG
      by different analytical techniques. Besides the mean values and the standard
      deviation the frequency distribution curves of the elements cadmium, lead, zinc,
      copper, cobalt, manganese and nickel are given. Comparing the results with our
      findings from ten years ago it seems that cadmium concentrations in the placenta
      have reached an approximately equal level both in rural and in industrial
      districts. This is equally true for lead.

PMID- 3699435
TI  - [Leiomyosarcoma of the uterus in young identical twins].
AB  - The authors describe the occurrence of a confirmed leiomyosarcoma and a tumor
      suspected of being a leiomyosarcoma in 23-year-old twin sisters. In one of them
      the tumor had caused clinical symptoms; in the second it was detected at the
      presymptomatic stage as a result of increased attention after detection of the
      first tumor. In the first case treatment consisted in an extended abdominal
      hysterectomy, sparing one ovary, with bilateral interiliac lymph node
      extirpation; in the second case, in an extended abdominal hysterectomy with both
      adnexae and bilateral interiliac lymph node extirpation. So far - 13 and 10
      months after the initial treatment, respectively - there are no signs of
      continued tumor growth in either case.

PMID- 3699436
TI  - [Basalioma of the vulva].

PMID- 3699437
TI  - [Skin-bulbocavernosus-fatty tissue flap-plasty in the treatment of postoperative
      vaginal stenosis].
AB  - Successful surgical treatment of a severe postoperative vaginal stenosis by a
      skin-bulbocavernosus-fat flap graft is described with reference to a case
      history.

PMID- 3699438
TI  - Verapamil as an apparent competitive antagonist of the serotonin receptor of
      rabbit isolated aorta.
AB  - The actions of four Ca2+-antagonists (verapamil, diltiazem, nifedipine and
      flunarizine) were tested on serotonin- (5-HT-) induced contraction of rabbit
      isolated aorta. Verapamil produced a dose-dependent, parallel shift to the right
      of the concentration-response curve for 5-HT (pA2 approximately equal to 7.13;
      Schild slope approximately equal to 1.01), indicative of competitive antagonism.
      The effects of diltiazem, nifedipine and flunarizine were much less pronounced
      and best characterized as non-competitive interactions. The effect of verapamil,
      which likely involves its antagonism of smooth muscle 5-HT2-receptors, might be
      useful in explaining its therapeutic actions and/or its side-effects.

PMID- 3699439
TI  - Effects of tizanidine, a centrally acting muscle relaxant, on motor systems.
AB  - Effects of tizanidine were studied with special reference to the effect on motor
      systems. The drug effectively reduced the intercollicular decerebrate rigidity
      and gamma-activity indirectly recorded from muscle spindle afferent discharges
      without showing the direct inhibitory effect on muscle spindles in rats. The drug
      dose-dependently inhibited the phasic responses of alpha-rigidity in anemic
      decerebrate rats without showing marked inhibition of the tonic response.
      Tizanidine effectively depressed the crossed extensor reflex in chicks and
      depressed mono- and polysynaptic reflex potentials in rats; dorsal root reflex
      was increased transiently. Tizanidine had no effect on the neuromuscular junction
      in rats and [3H]diazepam binding in rat brain membrane. It is suggested that the
      depression by tizanidine of gamma-system and spinal reflexes contribute to muscle
      relaxation and anti-spastic effects and that mechanisms of action are different
      from those of other centrally acting muscle relaxants such as mephenesin and
      benzodiazepines.

PMID- 3699441
TI  - Positive inotropic effect of Mg2+ in K+-depolarized isoprenaline-reactivated
      guinea-pig ventricular strip.
AB  - In K+-depolarized isoprenaline-reactivated guinea-pig ventricular strips increase
      in external Mg2+ concentration produced a biphasic inotropic effect i.e. at low
      concentrations (2.5-7.5 mM) a slight negative inotropic effect was observed,
      while at higher Mg2+ concentrations (10-17.5 mM) a strong positive inotropic
      effect become predominant. Variation in extracellular K+ concentration (17-22 and
      25 mM) determined a concentration related reduction in Mg2+-induced positive
      inotropic effect. Increase in extracellular Ca2+ concentration (2.5-3.6 and 5.4
      mM) prevented the development of Mg2+-induced negative inotropic effect but did
      not affect the magnitude of the positive inotropic effect. Mg2+-induced positive
      inotropic effect was unaffected by TTX (3 mg/l) and even enhanced by nifedipine
      (65 nM). Caffeine (0.2-15 mM) antagonized in a concentration dependent manner the
      positive inotropic effect of Mg2+. On the other hand in the presence of Mg2+ (15
      mM) caffeine (0.2 mM) was unable to exert its positive inotropic effect. Mg2+ (15
      mM) determined a "Ca2+ entry blocking"--like modifications of
      electrophysiological parameters of slow action potentials elicited by
      isoprenaline in K+-depolarized preparations. Such effects of Mg2+ were also
      present during the positive inotropic effect. The possible mechanisms responsible
      for these complex inotropic effects of Mg2+ are discussed.

PMID- 3699440
TI  - Intracellular site of "Ca reversal": inhibition of uterine smooth muscle
      contraction in Ca-free medium by a minute amount of Ca ion released from
      mitochondria by drugs.
AB  - Sodium azide (NaN3) and dinitrophenol (DNP) at low concentrations caused "Ca
      reversal", i.e. inhibition of oxytocin-induced tonic contraction of estrogen
      dominated rat uterine smooth muscle in Ca-free solution. This inhibition was not
      due to depletion of ATP by NaN3 or DNP. Higher concentrations of NaN3 and DNP
      caused additional contraction. NaN3 and DNP dose-dependently released Ca ion from
      mitochondria isolated from the estrogen-dominated rat uterine smooth muscle in
      vitro. Electron microscopic studies have shown that in estrogen-dominated rat
      uterine smooth muscle cells, cytoplasmic membranes proliferate, resulting in
      compartmentalization of the myofilament-sarcoplasmic system and its separation
      from the receptor-effector system in the surface folds of the plasma membranes,
      which also contain some mitochondria. It is proposed that low concentrations of
      NaN3 and DNP release a small amount of Ca ion from these outer mitochondria and
      this Ca ion acts on the intracellular "site of Ca reversal" to induce reversal,
      i.e. inhibition. Higher concentrations of NaN3 and DNP are proposed to release a
      large amount of Ca ion from the central mitochondria near myofilaments and so
      induce contraction. The "site of Ca reversal" was shown to be intracellular as
      our previous postulation.

PMID- 3699442
TI  - Effect of acute and chronic morphine administration on brain cholinergic
      muscarinic receptors.
AB  - The binding of [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) to various brain regions was
      determined in rats after acute or chronic treatment with morphine. Morphine and
      naloxone, in vitro, inhibited the binding of [3H]QNB to striatal membranes only
      at high concentrations. Thirty minutes after a single injection, morphine (5 or
      40 mg/kg s.c.) did not alter the Bmax or Kd values for [3H]QNB binding to
      striatal receptors. The binding of [3H]QNB to membranes of different brain
      regions was not changed in morphine tolerant-dependent rats or rats undergoing
      abrupt or naloxone precipitated withdrawal. The results suggest that central
      cholinergic muscarinic receptors are unaffected by acute or chronic treatment
      with morphine, or during abstinence.

PMID- 3699443
TI  - Effects of an i.v. lethal dose of 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) in the dog
      and antagonism by chlorpromazine.
AB  - A high intravenous (i.v.) dose of MDA (20 mg/kg) to mongrel dogs elevated body
      temperature, heart rate, mean arterial pressure and other cardiovascular
      parameters initially, but only the 1st two remained high. Other functions soon
      became quite depressed, and death shortly ensued. Arterial pO2 decreased, but pH
      and pCO2 showed a biphasic response after an initial decrease, Dogs that received
      chlorpromazine (10 mg/kg, i.v.) after MDA showed stabilization of physiological
      parameters, and survival through 48 hr.

PMID- 3699444
TI  - The effect of hydrocortisone and albumin on the synthesis and secretion of
      soluble proteins by isolated hepatocytes.
AB  - Monolayer cultures of hepatocytes were prepared. Supplementation of the
      incubation medium with bovine serum albumin increasing from 150 mg% to 6%
      resulted in an increase in retained and total newly synthesised proteins. No
      clear effects on secretion of soluble proteins were observed. Hydrocortisone
      supplementation of the medium at 13.75 and 27.50 nmol/l resulted in both enhanced
      synthesis and secretion of soluble proteins, an effect found not to be a function
      of concentration. Serum inhibited the effect. Hydrocortisone supplementation
      resulted in enhanced [3H]leucine uptake by the cells, inhibited in the presence
      of anti-rat albumin serum. Hydrocortisone supplementation had no effect on the
      inhibition of synthesis and secretion that resulted from supplementation of the
      medium with anti-rat albumin serum.

PMID- 3699445
TI  - Effects of chronic ethanol ingestion on circulating metabolites and liver
      composition in the lactating rat.
AB  - A model of chronic ethanol administration has been used to study the effects of
      chronic ethanol consumption on the general metabolism of lactating rats on day 15
      after delivery. We have studied the effects of ethanol on calories, food and
      fluid intake, body weight, circulating parameters such as glucose, glycerol, free
      fatty acids (FFA), triacylglycerols (TAG), amino acids (AA), ketone bodies,
      insulin and ethanol levels and liver composition. Chronic ethanol consumption
      markedly increases the levels of circulating B-OH-butyrate (B-OB-B), glycerol and
      FFA, while those of acetoacetate (AcAc), glucose, insulin and TAG remain
      constant. With the only exception of an increase in Glu + Gln levels, plasma AA
      decrease in the alcohol-treated rats, the change being significant for Ala, Pro,
      Lys, Arg, Val, Phe and 4-OH-proline. In the liver ethanol treatment causes an
      increment in TAG concentration and a decrease in glycogen content. In conclusion,
      chronic ethanol consumption produces notable alterations in the metabolism of
      lactating rats, which may diminish the efficiency of lactation, influencing milk
      production and, therefore, the pups' development.

PMID- 3699446
TI  - Effects of compound D600 (methoxyverapamil) on drug-induced contractions of
      isolated dog uterine muscle.
AB  - The contractile responses of the isolated dog uterus to acetylcholine (Ach),
      oxytocin (Ot), histamine (Hist) and barium chloride (Ba2+) were non-competitively
      blocked by compound D600. This compound was significantly more potent against
      Ba2+-induced contractions. Increasing the calcium (Ca2+) concentration from 0.2
      to 2.5 mM reverted the inhibitory effects of D600 against Ach, Ot, Hist and 1 mM
      Ba2+. The blockade produced by D600 against 30 mM Ba2+ was not reversed by
      increasing the Ca2+ concentration. In high K+-depolarizing solution, D600
      produced a parallel and concentration-dependent displacement to the right to the
      concentration-response curves of both Ca2+ and Ba2+. The Schild plot yielded
      similar pA2 values for D600 against Ca2+ and Ba2+.

PMID- 3699447
TI  - Pharmacological characterization of the effects of verapamil and nifedipine on
      isolated guinea-pig lung parenchymal strip.
AB  - Verapamil and nifedipine elicited dose-related relaxations and produced a right
      downward shift of the concentration-response curves to CaCl2, KCl, acetylcholine
      and histamine in the isolated guinea-pig lung parenchymal strip. These Ca-entry
      blockers had greater inhibitory effects on contractions evoked by CaCl2 and KCl
      than against those elicited by acetylcholine and histamine.

PMID- 3699448
TI  - Antagonistic effect between histamine and norepinephrine on isolated guinea-pig
      right atrium.
AB  - Norepinephrine (NE) and histamine (His) cause a dose related increase in the rate
      of the guinea pig isolated right atria. The rate increase induced by both amines
      has been shown to be mediated by pharmacologically different receptors. His
      shifted the NE CEC to the right in a non parallel fashion. Cimetidine (10(-4)
      mol/l) abolished this antagonism. Norepinephrine (3 X 10(-7) mol/l) shifted to
      the right the His CEC also in a non parallel fashion. Practolol (10(-4) mol/l)
      abolished this antagonism. Theophylline (10(-4) mol/l) reverted both: the
      antagonistic action of His related to the NE chronotropic effect and the
      antagonistic action of NE related to the His chronotropic effect. The reversal of
      the antagonism could be the result of the block of purinergic P1-receptors by
      theophylline. This block impairs the chronotropic effect of adenilic compounds
      which can function as a modulater of cardiac rate through a negative feed back
      mechanism.

PMID- 3699449
TI  - Ampicillin concentrations in human serum and periodontal membrane following a
      single oral administration of bacampicillin.
AB  - Ampicillin concentrations in human serum and periodontal membrane after a single
      oral administration of bacampicillin (500 mg) were assayed by the agar diffusion
      (paper disc) method. The peak times of serum and periodontal membrane were nearly
      identical, being approx. 90 min after administration. The peak concentrations of
      serum and periodontal membrane were 12.81 micrograms/ml and 6.97 micrograms/g,
      respectively. The concentration ratio of periodontal membrane to serum at the
      peak time was 0.56.

PMID- 3699450
TI  - Ethanol blocks tetanic and calcium-induced long-term potentiation in the
      hippocampal slice.
AB  - Long-term potentiation (LTP) of the CA1 population spike in the hippocampal slice
      was produced by a tetanic stimulus in the stratum radiatum or by doubling the
      calcium concentration in the medium to 4 mM for 10 min. Ethanol (0.1 M)
      antagonized both tetanic- and ethanol-induced LTP. Since the hippocampus is known
      to be involved with memory, and ethanol interferes with memory and the production
      of LTP, the results are consistent with the notion that LTP may be related to
      memory processes.

PMID- 3699452
TI  - Abstracts of papers presented at the 1986 meeting of the Genetics Society of
      America. Urbana, Illinois, June 8-10, 1986.

PMID- 3699451
TI  - Interaction by bendrofluazide with acetylsalicylic acid.
AB  - The effects of aspirin and bendrofluazide alone and in combination were studied
      on the diuresis, natriuresis, kalliuresis and excretion of salicylates in normal
      human volunteers. The simultaneous administration of both drugs in a sequence of
      aspirin-bendrofluazide was accompanied by a reduction in the kalliuretic effect
      of aspirin without any significant effects on the natriuresis, kalliuresis and
      diuresis induced by bendrofluazide. Concomitant administration of both drugs
      produced marked increases in the amount of salicylate excreted over the
      experimental session, being highest (58.3%) with an aspirin-bendrofluazide
      sequence, and lowest (30.3%) when injected simultaneously (suggesting antagonism
      by bendrofluazide). The results suggest interference by bendrofluazide with the
      excretion of salicylate but not vice versa.

PMID- 3699453
TI  - [Determination of the true aerogenic load of a cancerogen for a population (using
      benz(a)pyrene as an example)].

PMID- 3699454
TI  - [Analysis of quantitative relations between the chemical structure and maximum
      permissible concentrations of hazardous substances in the atmospheric air].

PMID- 3699455
TI  - [Criteria for the hygienic evaluation of road-building binders upon exposure to
      changing temperatures].

PMID- 3699456
TI  - [Basis for the maximum permissible exposure level of betanale taking into account
      its toxicologic hazardousness level].

PMID- 3699457
TI  - [Analysis of morbidity with temporary disability of plasma pipe workers in pipe
      production].

PMID- 3699459
TI  - [Physiologic and hygienic aspects of the adaptation of adolescents in metallurgy
      plants].

PMID- 3699458
TI  - [Comparison of the mutagen sensitivity of somatic cells of various mammalian
      tissues].

PMID- 3699460
TI  - [Hygienic basis for the levels of illumination for students with reduced visual
      acuity].

PMID- 3699461
TI  - [Effect of various biological and social factors on morbidity among preschool
      children].

PMID- 3699462
TI  - [Changes in the number and qualitative characteristics of lymphocytes in chronic
      radiation and chemical lesions in the rat].

PMID- 3699463
TI  - [Organization of sanitary work in railway transport].

PMID- 3699464
TI  - [New standards for industrial noise].

PMID- 3699465
TI  - [Determination of toxic substances in biomedia to establish true chemical
      burden].

PMID- 3699466
TI  - [Circadian curve of adrenaline excretion as an indicator of the functional status
      of the body].

PMID- 3699467
TI  - [Experience of a regional sanitary and epidemiologic station in preventive
      sanitary surveillance].

PMID- 3699469
TI  - [Basis for the hygienic standards for the concentration of heterophos in soil].

PMID- 3699468
TI  - [Combined action of carbophos, high temperature and ultraviolet radiation].

PMID- 3699470
TI  - [Carcinogenic hazard of coal tar].

PMID- 3699471
TI  - [Characteristics of various parameters of the thyroid gland in persons living in
      endemic goiter locales].

PMID- 3699472
TI  - [Concentration of pectins in the diets of workers in contact with heavy metals].

PMID- 3699473
TI  - [Hygienic aspects of safe practices in working with microorganisms and their
      products].

PMID- 3699474
TI  - The elderly as surplus people: is there a role for higher education?

PMID- 3699475
TI  - Family supports in later life: does ethnicity make a difference?

PMID- 3699476
TI  - A symposium on measuring hardship among older Americans during the first four
      years of the Reagan administration.

PMID- 3699477
TI  - Policy changes affecting older Americans during the first Reagan administration.

PMID- 3699478
TI  - Impact of the Regan years on the distribution of income of the elderly.

PMID- 3699479
TI  - Measuring economic hardship among older Americans.

PMID- 3699480
TI  - The elderly poor in the Reagan era.

PMID- 3699482
TI  - Perspectives on measuring hardship: concepts, dimensions, and implications.

PMID- 3699481
TI  - Measuring income and inequality among the elderly.

PMID- 3699483
TI  - Open-ward accommodations in a long-term care facility: the elderly's point of
      view.

PMID- 3699484
TI  - Nursing personnel turnover rates turned over: potential positive effects on
      resident outcomes in nursing homes.

PMID- 3699485
TI  - The effect of single-patient transfers on institutional dependency.

PMID- 3699486
TI  - Crying and depression among older adults.

PMID- 3699487
TI  - [Management of the pregnant cardiopathic patient. Analysis of 144 cases].

PMID- 3699488
TI  - [Correlation of hormonal levels in peritoneal fluid and plasma and the presence
      of follicular rupture].

PMID- 3699489
TI  - [Intraperitoneal transfusion in severe fetal hemolytic disease. Experience at the
      National Institute of Perinatology].

PMID- 3699490
TI  - [Chemotherapy in clinical stage III cancer of the ovary. Use of 1 and 2 agents].

PMID- 3699491
TI  - [Metal poisoning kinetics and its significance for prevention of occupational
      poisoning].

PMID- 3699492
TI  - [Mechanism of the combined effect of metals].

PMID- 3699493
TI  - [Molecular mechanism of the toxic effect of AlAN-1, a new industrial extractant
      of rare and non-ferrous metals].

PMID- 3699495
TI  - [Experimental study on the combined effect of chromium trioxide aerosol and noise
      on the cardiovascular system].

PMID- 3699494
TI  - [Tissue distribution and effect on biochemical parameters of dimethoate entering
      the body through the skin].

PMID- 3699497
TI  - [Use of discriminant analysis in industrial hygiene].

PMID- 3699496
TI  - [Morphofunctional state of the liver during separate and combined action of
      carbon tetrachloride and noise].

PMID- 3699498
TI  - [Use of fragment analysis of aromatic compounds for predicting toxicologic and
      hygienic parameters].

PMID- 3699499
TI  - [Evaluation of the significance of enzyme tests as indicators of the toxic effect
      of inorganic mercury compounds].

PMID- 3699500
TI  - [Materials for deciding the maximum allowable concentration of carbamide in the
      air of the work zone].

PMID- 3699501
TI  - [Effect of low-intensity factors (using aniline as a model) on the growth of the
      C-45 transplantable tumor].

PMID- 3699502
TI  - [Toxicological properties of enzyme preparations resulting from microbiological
      synthesis].

PMID- 3699503
TI  - [Toxicity of water-soluble vanadium cyclopentadienyl complexes].

PMID- 3699504
TI  - [Experimental study of the toxicity of zinc nitrate and carbonate].

PMID- 3699505
TI  - [Evaluation of the local, skin-resorptive and sensitizing action of rubidium
      compounds].

PMID- 3699506
TI  - [Maximum allowable concentrations of harmful substances in the air of the work
      zone, approved by the USSR Ministry of Health in 1983].

PMID- 3699508
TI  - [Method of calculating the comfortable microclimate in tractor and agricultural
      machine cabins].

PMID- 3699507
TI  - [Clinical and immunologic changes in vibration disease].

PMID- 3699509
TI  - [Actograph made from standard units for evaluating the motor activity of small
      laboratory animals].

PMID- 3699510
TI  - [Electron structure, toxicologic parameters and hygienic regulation of halogen
      derivatives of toluene].

PMID- 3699511
TI  - [Biological rhythms and human work activity].

PMID- 3699512
TI  - [Changes in the functional status of normotensive and hypertensive supervisory
      personnel in industry during the work day and work week].

PMID- 3699513
TI  - [Rational work chair for glass polishers].

PMID- 3699514
TI  - [Effect on human physiologic functions of variable noise with different time
      structures].

PMID- 3699515
TI  - [Significance of noise exposure, age, body mass and smoking in the development of
      occupational hearing impairment].

PMID- 3699517
TI  - [New method of preventing the harmful action of local vibration].

PMID- 3699516
TI  - [Integral evaluation of vibration].

PMID- 3699518
TI  - [Visual adaptation disorders and their therapeutic correction in female workers
      of local industrial establishments].

PMID- 3699519
TI  - [Characteristics of the immune response of poultry farmers during the development
      of allergic diseases].

PMID- 3699521
TI  - [Experience in the study of the activities of an industrial physician].

PMID- 3699520
TI  - [Diagnostic value of determining lead in the hair of workers].

PMID- 3699522
TI  - [Experience with the advanced training of physicians on the improvement of work
      conditions and health services for workers in the construction materials industry
      and in the construction industry].

PMID- 3699523
TI  - [Morbidity of teachers in a middle general-instruction school].

PMID- 3699524
TI  - [Arterial hypertension in workers in the oil-refining industry].

PMID- 3699525
TI  - [Relation of cardiovascular and respiratory system reactions to the size of
      active muscles in static work].

PMID- 3699526
TI  - [Status of the peripheral neurovascular system in coal miners in the transpolar
      regions].

PMID- 3699527
TI  - [Effect of vibration and hyperbaric oxygenation on the brain stem reticular
      formation in animals].

PMID- 3699528
TI  - [Threshold and amplitude characteristics of the acoustic reflex of the intra
      aural muscles in workers in the sugar industry exposed to noise].

PMID- 3699529
TI  - [Use of rheoencephalography in the physiological evaluation of radiant heating].

PMID- 3699530
TI  - [Multicomponent plastic operation in combined mitral defect--stenosis and
      insufficiency manifested to the same degree].

PMID- 3699531
TI  - [Developmental defects of the aortic arch and right subclavian artery].

PMID- 3699532
TI  - [1-stage surgical elimination of ectopic atrial tachycardia and accessory
      atrioventricular junction in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome].

PMID- 3699533
TI  - [Angiopulmonography in thromboembolism of the pulmonary arteries].

PMID- 3699534
TI  - [Importance of the biomechanical and structural characteristics of the aortic
      valve in designing bioprostheses].

PMID- 3699535
TI  - [Double branching of the major vessels from a bicameral right ventricle].

PMID- 3699536
TI  - [Vascular picture of the bronchial mucosa in malignant lung tumors].

PMID- 3699537
TI  - [Regional hypertension of the lesser circulation in the surgery of chronic
      nonspecific lung diseases].

PMID- 3699538
TI  - [Function of the respiratory and circulatory systems in patients undergoing
      radical surgery for lung cancer].

PMID- 3699539
TI  - [Causes of recurrence of dysphagie after surgical treatment of cardiospasm].

PMID- 3699540
TI  - [Teratoblastoma of the right atrium].

PMID- 3699542
TI  - [Case of a giant mediastinal tumor].

PMID- 3699541
TI  - [Obstruction of left ventricular ejection in mitral prosthesis].

PMID- 3699543
TI  - [Papilloma of the lower 3d of the esophagus].

PMID- 3699544
TI  - Lithium fluxes across the gastric mucosa after truncal vagotomy and drainage--an
      objective assessment of mucosal injury.
AB  - Gastric mucosal permeability to lithium has been measured in 20 patients with an
      untreated duodenal ulcer, eight patients who were asymptomatic for more than one
      year after truncal vagotomy and drainage, 14 patients with an endoscopically
      proven recurrent ulcer, and 21 patients with an unsatisfactory result from
      truncal vagotomy and drainage for other reasons. Lithium fluxes were lowest in
      the asymptomatic postoperative patients (0.149 +/- 0.028 mmol Li+/15 min), but
      were not significantly different to the measured fluxes in patients with a
      duodenal ulcer before treatment (0.160 +/- 0.020 mmol Li+/15 min) or a recurrent
      ulcer after truncal vagotomy and drainage (0.169 +/- 0.022 mmol Li+/15 min)
      (SEM). By comparison the mean lithium flux in patients who were dissatisfied with
      the results of their previous surgery for reasons other than a recurrent ulcer
      (0.234 +/- 0.019 mmol Li+/15 min) was significantly higher than that observed in
      patients with a duodenal ulcer (p less than 0.05), patients with a recurrent
      ulcer (p less than 0.05) or patients who were asymptomatic after definitive ulcer
      surgery (p less than 0.02). Furthermore, when the lithium fluxes observed in 11
      patients whose major postoperative complaint was bile vomiting (0.243 +/- 0.027
      mmol Li+/15 min) were compared with results from the remaining 52 patients
      included in the study (0.173 +/- 0.012 mmol Li+/15 min) fluxes were significantly
      higher in the 'bile vomiters' (p less than 0.05).

PMID- 3699545
TI  - Is there a biochemical basis for lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) resting
      pressure?
AB  - Myosin plays a fundamental role in the contraction of muscle cells. Some
      structural differences of this protein are related to the different physical
      properties of muscle--that is, speed of shortening. The typical myosin protein
      has a molecular weight of 460 000 daltons and is made up of six subunits: two
      heavy chains (200 000 daltons each) and two pairs of light chains (LC) weighting
      15 000-25 000 daltons each (LC1 and LC2). Myosin was extracted from six specimens
      of human oesophagus in order to find out whether any biochemical differences
      exist between the oesophageal body and the lower oesophageal sphincter, to
      account for their different properties. Myosin was examined by two dimensional
      gel electrophoresis. Peptide mapping of myosin heavy chains was obtained by
      carrying out enzymatic digestion during the electrophoretic run. A quantitative
      difference between LC1 of the oesophageal body and the lower oesophageal
      sphincter was found in the circular fibres, thereby suggesting that two
      populations of muscle fibres exist in the inner coat of the oesophagus. The
      presence of more than one type of myosin strongly implies functional
      differentiation of the two specialised zones.

PMID- 3699546
TI  - Jejunal mucosal enzyme activities, regulatory peptides and organelle pathology of
      the enteropathy of common variable immunodeficiency.
AB  - Jejunal biopsies from six patients having the small bowel enteropathy associated
      with common variable immunodeficiency have been subjected to analytical
      subcellular fractionation and enzymic and regulatory peptide microassay to define
      the organelle pathology of this syndrome. Compared with normal subjects, the
      immunodeficient patients had decreased activities of the three brush border
      enzymes: alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase and alpha-glucosidase.
      The other organelle marker enzyme activities and all the regulatory peptide
      concentrations did not differ from the controls. Density gradient experiments
      showed a complete loss of particulate beta-glucosidase (lactase) with activity
      entirely located in the cytosol. The integrity of other organelles was normal.
      These data indicate that the enteropathy of common variable immunodeficiency is
      associated with abnormalities in the jejunal brush border analogous to those
      present in tropical malabsorption syndrome.

PMID- 3699548
TI  - Why do patients with faecal impaction have faecal incontinence.
AB  - To elucidate the phenomenon of faecal incontinence in impacted patients,
      manometric, radiological and other investigations were carried out in 55 elderly
      patients, who had impacted masses of faeces in the rectum and were incontinent of
      faeces and 36 elderly control subjects with no anorectal problems. Maximum basal
      pressure and the maximum squeeze pressure in impacted patients were not
      significantly different from elderly controls. Sphincter pressures were no
      different after disimpaction than they were with faecal masses in situ,
      suggesting that leakage and soiling were not caused by stretching of the anal
      ring or prolonged reflex inhibition of anal tone by the faecal mass. The
      anorectal angle was more obtuse in impacted patients than in elderly controls
      though there was no greater degree of perineal descent. Anal and perianal
      sensation was impaired in impacted patients compared with controls. Rectal
      sensation was also impaired in the impacted patients in that the volume in a
      rectal balloon that could be perceived by the subject and the volume that gave
      rise to a desire to defecate were much higher in impacted patients than in
      controls. The rectal volume required to cause anal relaxation was lower in
      impacted patients compared with controls though there was no reduction in the
      volume at which anal relaxation failed to recover its resting tone. Rectal
      distension elicited external sphincter contractions in 53% impacted patients
      compared with 80% of controls. In conclusion, faecal soiling in patients with
      faecal impaction is probably related to the combination of an obtuse anorectal
      angle and the low anal pressures, normally found in the elderly and to impaired
      anorectal sensation which prevents conscious contraction of the external
      sphincter when the internal sphincter is relaxed.

PMID- 3699547
TI  - Chronic ethanol consumption selectively stimulates rectal cell proliferation in
      the rat.
AB  - Cell proliferation was examined in the gastrointestinal tract of 30 pair fed rats
      having received an isocaloric liquid diet containing 36% of total calories either
      as ethanol or carbohydrates for four weeks. Utilising the metaphase arrest
      technique with vincristine, cell proliferation was measured as crypt cell
      production rate. This was selectively increased in the rectal mucosa of ethanol
      fed rats (19.1 +/- 2.0 vs 9.1 +/- 1.8 cells/crypt/h; p less than 0.005). There
      was a concomitant increase in proliferative compartment size (48.1 +/- 5.6% vs
      30.1 +/- 8.5% of crypt population size; p less than 0.001). Serum gastrin
      concentrations were also found to be significantly increased after ethanol
      feeding (172 +/- 51 vs 106 +/- 27 pmol/l; p less than 0.01). The ethanol
      dependent proliferative changes in the rectal mucosa are predictive of higher
      susceptibility of this site to carcinogenesis, supporting experimental and
      epidemiological data. Increased gastrin concentrations may partly explain the
      observed rectal hyperproliferation. Other possible causes cannot, however, be
      excluded.

PMID- 3699549
TI  - Reproducibility of the proctometrogram.
AB  - The reproducibility of a method of measuring rectal distensibility by continuous
      controlled fluid inflation with a balloon has been evaluated in 15 patients. The
      volume at sensation threshold, constant sensation and maximal tolerance, the
      pressures at these volumes and rectal compliance were measured. The mean
      coefficients of variation of the seven variables measured ranged from 4.7%-7.9%.
      The expected correlation between rectal compliance and maximal tolerable volume
      was confirmed (r = 0.85, p less than 0.001). The high reproducibility makes this
      investigation reliable for use in clinical practice and research.

PMID- 3699550
TI  - Human colonic smooth muscle: electrical and contractile activity in vitro.
AB  - Extracellular electrical and contractile activities were recorded in vitro from
      strips of human colonic smooth muscle obtained at the time of surgery. Serosal
      electrical activity of longitudinally oriented strips from the taenia and
      intertaenial region was characterised by continuous oscillation at a frequency of
      28 +/- 1/min. Contractions were marked electrically by a series of oscillations
      upon which spikes were superimposed. The electrical activity recorded from the
      submucosal surface of circularly oriented strips exhibited oscillations at 24 +/-
      4/min, a frequency significantly lower (p less than 0.001) than that recorded
      from the serosal surface of similar preparations. The contractile force and
      frequency was dependent upon the part of the colon from which the strip
      originated; the most powerful contractions were recorded from strips of sigmoid
      colon. The contractile frequency of circularly oriented strips from the right
      colon was 6.3 +/- 0.6/min, significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than that of
      strips from the left colon (3.4 +/- 0.3/min). Stretching these strips caused an
      increase in contractile frequency to that of the electrical oscillation.

PMID- 3699551
TI  - Simultaneous measurement of gastric emptying, small bowel residence and colonic
      filling of a solid meal by the use of the gamma camera.
AB  - A method for determining the profiles of gastric emptying, small intestinal
      residence, and colonic filling of a solid test meal, labelled with 250 microCi
      99mTechnetium sulphur colloid has been evaluated in nine healthy volunteers and
      six patients with a disturbance in bowel habit. Mean small bowel transit time was
      determined by deconvolving the rate of colonic filling with the rate of gastric
      emptying. In normal subjects, the stomach appeared to empty exponentially with a
      half time of 1.2 +/- 0.3 hours (mean +/- SD). Food reached the colon by 2.8 +/-
      1.5 hours. The mean small bowel transit time was 4.0 +/- 1.4 hours. In most
      normal subjects, the colon appeared to fill in a linear fashion with
      approximately 16% food residues entering every hour, and the profile of colonic
      filling in normal subjects was similar to the profile of ileal emptying observed
      after feeding a similar radiolabelled solid meal to 14 patients equipped with
      terminal ileostomies. There was a highly significant correlation between the
      onset of breath hydrogen excretion and the appearance of radioactivity over the
      caecum (r = 0.88, p less than 0.01), though in one third of subjects the increase
      in caecal radioactivity preceded the rise in breath hydrogen concentration by
      more than 20 minutes. There was also a highly significant correlation between the
      mean transit time and values for colonic filling but not values for gastric
      emptying. Patients with irritable bowel syndrome who had diarrhoea tended towards
      short small bowel transit and early colonic filling, whereas patients who have
      constipation tended towards long small bowel transit and delayed colonic filling.
      This method offers a novel means of assessing small bowel transit time, small
      bowel residence and the profile of colonic filling in man.

PMID- 3699553
TI  - Crohn's disease involving the penis.
AB  - Perianal complications of Crohn's disease occur in 25-70% of patients but
      perineal and genital lesions are rare. Treatment is controversial and there is a
      risk of recurrent or persistent disease. We report two cases of Crohn's disease
      involving the penis, one with multiple scrotal urinary fistulae, partial
      destruction of the proximal urethra, and ulceration of the penile shaft; the
      other with metastatic cutaneous ulceration of the penile shaft. The second case
      is particularly unusual in that the patient presented at the VD clinic as a case
      of syphilis.

PMID- 3699552
TI  - Effect of glucocorticoids on rectal transport in normal subjects and patients
      with ulcerative colitis.
AB  - The acute effects of single pharmacological doses of glucocorticoid hormones on
      net electrolyte and water transport and electrical potential difference (pd) in
      the rectum was studied in control subjects and in patients with either active or
      inactive ulcerative colitis, using a dialysis technique. Compared with 17 control
      subjects, nine patients with active ulcerative colitis exhibited marked decreases
      in net sodium absorption and rectal pd, while these transport parameters were
      normal in six patients with inactive ulcerative colitis. Intravenous
      administration of hydrocortisone hemisuccinate (100 mg) resulted five hours later
      in significant and quantitatively similar increases in net sodium and water
      absorption and pd in nine control subjects, seven patients with active ulcerative
      colitis, and six patients with inactive ulcerative colitis. Intravenous
      administration of methylprednisolone phosphate (40 mg) to eight control subjects
      produced increases in net sodium and water absorption and pd five hours later,
      which did not differ significantly from those produced by hydrocortisone;
      methylprednisolone induced similar changes in two patients with active ulcerative
      colitis. These results indicate that single pharmacological doses of
      glucocorticoids stimulate acute increases in rectal sodium and water absorption
      in control subjects and in patients with acute ulcerative colitis. The ability of
      systemically administered glucocorticoids to reduce diarrhoea in ulcerative
      colitis may therefore be related to direct effects on distal colonic sodium and
      water transport, as well as to their better known anti-inflammatory action.

PMID- 3699554
TI  - Dermoid cyst: a rare tumour of the appendix.
AB  - Dermoid cyst is a rare but well recognised cause of a mass in the abdomen. As a
      cause of a palpable mass in the right iliac fossa, dermoid and epidermoid cysts
      of the caecum have hitherto been described. We here report a case of a dermoid
      cyst arising from the vermiform appendix.

PMID- 3699555
TI  - Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection associated with cimetidine in an
      immunosuppressed patient: diagnosis by endoscopic biopsy.
AB  - Immunosuppression causes Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection, but other
      factors may also be involved. We report a case of S stercoralis hyperinfection in
      an immunosuppressed patient that followed cimetidine therapy and was diagnosed by
      endoscopic biopsy.

PMID- 3699556
TI  - Crohn's disease in married couples.

PMID- 3699557
TI  - Endoscopic sclerotherapy using absolute alcohol.

PMID- 3699558
TI  - Effect of cimetidine on enzyme actuation ....

PMID- 3699559
TI  - The British Society of Gastroenterology. 1986 spring meeting. 9-11 April 1986.

PMID- 3699560
TI  - Evaluation of the nitrosamine hypothesis of gastric carcinogenesis in
      precancerous conditions.
AB  - A 24 hour gastric aspiration study was carried out on nine Polya gastrectomy,
      eight pernicious anaemia, and nine matched control subjects. Intragastric pH,
      bacteria, nitrite, and N-nitroso compounds were assessed half hourly whilst
      ambulant and hourly when in bed. Both total and nitrate reducing bacterial counts
      were positively related to pH (chi 2 = 279.3; p less than 0.001), as was nitrite
      concentration (F = 19.1; p less than 0.0001). By contrast, total (F = 40.6; p
      less than 0.0001) and stable (F = 257.4; p less than 0.0001) N-nitroso compound
      concentrations were negatively related to pH. Clear differences in these gastric
      juice factors were not apparent between matched control and either pernicious
      anaemia, or Polya gastrectomy because the Polya gastrectomy and matched control
      groups were heterogeneous for gastric acidity. Thus, although eight of eight
      pernicious anaemia subjects were hypoacidic (defined as intragastric pH greater
      than 4 for greater than 50% of both daytime and night time periods), only five of
      nine Polya gastrectomy and two of nine matched control subjects were hypoacidic.
      When subjects were rearranged into hypoacidic (n = 15) and acidic (n = 11)
      groups, bacterial counts (p less than 0.01) and nitrite concentrations (p less
      than 0.01) were higher, whereas N-nitroso compounds tended to be lower (NS) in
      the hypoacidic group. These data suggest that, although hypoacidity predisposes
      to bacterial overgrowth and nitrite generation, it does not enhance nitrosation.
      Instead, this is maximal at low pH, suggesting chemical rather than bacterial
      nitrosation, contrary to the nitrosamine hypothesis of gastric carcinogenesis.

PMID- 3699561
TI  - Function of the anal sphincters after chronic radiation injury.
AB  - Anorectal manometry was done in 10 men with chronic radiation proctitis and
      symptoms of urgency, frequency, and occasional incontinence of faeces. They were
      compared with 10 asymptomatic age and sex-matched controls. The maximum resting
      anal canal pressure and the physiological sphincter length were significantly
      lower (p less than 0.01) in the irradiated group. The rectosphincteric reflex was
      absent in one patient and showed abnormalities of recovery in four others, who
      had received radiotherapy. The squeeze pressure of the external sphincter was not
      significantly different. These results indicate that dysfunction of the internal
      anal sphincter may contribute to patients' anorectal symptoms after pelvic
      radiotherapy. Histological evidence suggests that damage to the myenteric plexus
      is mainly responsible. The manometric function of the external sphincter remains
      relatively unaffected.

PMID- 3699562
TI  - Hirschsprung's disease and idiopathic megacolon in adults and adolescents.
AB  - The distinction between Hirschsprung's disease and idiopathic megacolon in
      childhood dates from the classic clinical, radiological, and histological studies
      of Bodian, Stephens, and Ward. This article describes clinical experience over 15
      years of 94 patients in whom megacolon of these two types was recognised for the
      first time after the age of 10, to illustrate the problems of diagnosis and
      treatment in later years. Just as it is now recognised that patients with the
      clinical characteristics of Hirschsprung's disease may have one of several
      abnormalities of the myenteric plexus, including not only absence of ganglion
      cells, but also patchy or zonal loss, abnormal neurones or neuronal dysplasia, so
      idiopathic megacolon may also be a heterogeneous group of cases. This paper
      suggests on clinical grounds that those patients with idiopathic megacolon whose
      symptoms start in childhood differ from those whose symptoms develop in later
      years.

PMID- 3699563
TI  - Microvascular studies in non-specific inflammatory bowel disease.
AB  - The microvasculature was investigated in the normal bowel and in ulcerative
      colitis and Crohn's disease. Tissue samples from postoperative colectomy
      specimens in which the microvasculature had been perfused with barium sulphate
      suspension were examined. Microradiography was used to study intramural vascular
      pattern which was abnormal in both disease states. A recently described
      radiograph fluorescence system was used to estimate barium concentration and
      hence microvascular volume in tissue samples. Highly significant negative
      correlations were demonstrated between barium concentration and age in normal
      bowel (n = 44; r = -0.669; p less than 0.001) and in segmental Crohn's disease (n
      = 11; r = -0.698; p = 0.017). Barium concentration was significantly reduced (p
      less than 0.05) in segmental Crohn's disease (n = 11) but remained normal in
      diffuse Crohn's disease of the colon (n = 6) and ulcerative colitis (n = 7). It
      is postulated that ischaemia may be a factor in the pathogenesis of segmental
      Crohn's disease in older patients.

PMID- 3699564
TI  - Intestinal transit, deoxycholic acid and the cholesterol saturation of bile-
      three inter-related factors.
AB  - There is considerable evidence that the level of deoxycholic acid in the bile
      influences biliary cholesterol saturation. Deoxycholic acid is formed in the
      colon and absorbed slowly. Hence changes in colonic transit rate might influence
      biliary deoxycholic acid and the cholesterol saturation of bile. When 14
      constipated subjects took standardised senna tablets for six weeks in a dose
      sufficient to lower mean whole gut transit time from 134 to 54 hours, deoxycholic
      acid as a proportion of biliary bile acids fell from 25.9 +/- 8.6 to 17.2 +/-
      8.3% (p less than 0.0001) and deoxycholic acid pool measured by isotope dilution
      fell from 0.64 +/- 0.34 to 0.45 +/- 0.29 g (p less than 0.0001). In those
      subjects (n = 8) whose bile was initially supersaturated with cholesterol, the
      saturation index fell from 1.40 +/- 0.22 to 1.20 +/- 0.19 (p = 0.02). Conversely,
      when 12 normal volunteers took loperamide capsules sufficient to cause
      symptomatic constipation and to prolong mean transit-time from 48 to 103 hours,
      the deoxycholic acid pool increased from 0.40 +/- 0.24 to 0.57 +/- 0.17 g (p =
      0.008). The percentage deoxycholic acid did not alter significantly, because the
      estimated total bile acid pool expanded (from 1.98 +/- 0.61 to 2.81 +/- 0.48 g; p
      less than 0.001), presumably because of loperamide slowing down small bowel
      transit. Despite this expansion of the bile acid pool, loperamide increased the
      cholesterol saturation index from 1.10 +/- 0.31 to 1.20 +/- 0.32 (p = 0.01).
      Changes in colonic transit rate alter the size of the deoxycholic acid pool and
      bile cholesterol saturation. These findings suggest that constipation or slow
      colonic transit might increase the chance of supersaturated bile and hence of
      gall stones.

PMID- 3699565
TI  - Gall stone disease without gall stones--bile acid and bile lipid metabolism after
      complete gall stone dissolution.
AB  - Although bile acid and bile lipid metabolism have been studied in established
      cholelithiasis, little is known about them in patients destined to develop gall
      stones, but in whom the stones have not yet appeared (prestone gall stone
      disease). After confirmed complete gall stone dissolution and withdrawal of
      treatment, gall stones recur frequently. Before the stones reappear, these
      patients have 'poststone gall stone disease'. In 13 such patients we confirmed
      complete gall stone dissolution with two normal cholecystograms and in 11 of the
      13 by normal ultrasonography, measured bile acid and bile lipid composition in
      fasting duodenal bile, bile acid synthesis from marker corrected three day faecal
      bile acid excretion, bile acid pool size using an abbreviated isotope dilution
      technique, 'steady-state' bile lipid secretion using a duodenal amino acid
      perfusion system and then calculated the enterohepatic cycling frequency of the
      bile acid pool and the relationship between pool size and body weight. The
      results confirm that after withdrawal of treatment the biliary cholesterol
      saturation index reverts to levels (1.6 +/- SEM 0.4) comparable with those before
      dissolution therapy first began (1.6 +/- 0.2; NS). The mean bile acid pool size
      in the 13 patients of 4.4 +/- 0.5 mmol was comparable with that in untreated gall
      stone patients. Pool size was significantly smaller in the nine non-obese
      patients (3.5 +/- 0.3), than in the four obese (6.0 +/- 0.8; p less than 0.05).
      It also correlated significantly with body weight (r = 0.72) and with %IBW (r =
      0.79). The coefficients of variation for biliary bile acid, phospholipid and
      cholesterol secretion were high, but the mean hourly secretion rates were of the
      same order as those seen in untreated gall stone patients studied with the amino
      acid duodenal perfusion stimulus. These results provide a baseline for assessing
      the response to postdissolution treatment and may indicate metabolic events
      leading to gall stone formation.

PMID- 3699566
TI  - Effect of modern analgesic drugs (tramadol, pentazocine, and buprenorphine) on
      the bile duct sphincter in man.
AB  - Modern narcotic analgesic drugs, such as tramadol, pentazocine, and buprenorphine
      share similarities of molecular structure with morphine which is widely believed
      to cause spasm of the bile duct sphincter and so impede bile flow. This study
      assessed the effects of intravenously administered analgesics on bile duct
      sphincter motor activity measured by ERCP manometry. Ten minutes after
      pentazocine injection the duration of contractions and baseline pressure of the
      bile duct sphincter rose from 6.2 +/- 0.2 to 8.2 +/- 0.27 s and from 5.1 +/- 0.6
      to 8.8 +/- 0.4 mmHg respectively. Tramadol, buprenorphine and saline showed no
      such effect. These data indicated that the effects of such drugs on bile duct
      sphincter function can be safely assessed by ERCP manometry and that pentazocine
      adversely affects the bile duct sphincter, whilst tramadol and buprenorphine do
      not. We consider therefore that pentazocine is not the premedication of first
      choice for endoscopic procedures involving the sphincter of Oddi and should also
      be avoided in patients with pancreatic and biliary disorders.

PMID- 3699568
TI  - Collagenous colitis--a relapsing and remitting disease.
AB  - We report four cases of collagenous colitis. These show the variable course of
      the disease and emphasise the difficulties that this involves in assessing
      therapy.

PMID- 3699567
TI  - Collagenous colitis.
AB  - Clinical and pathological aspects of six patients with collagenous colitis are
      presented. These patients have been observed for between four and 15 years and
      the evolution of the condition is documented in three (cases 1, 3 and 5).
      Management and possible pathogenetic mechanisms of this enigmatic condition are
      discussed.

PMID- 3699569
TI  - Effect of cimetidine and omeprazole on aspirin and taurocholate-induced gastric
      mucosal damage.

PMID- 3699570
TI  - Diet and drinking habits in alcoholic pancreatitis.

PMID- 3699571
TI  - The potential for optimal (less than or equal to 2 cm) cytoreductive surgery in
      advanced ovarian carcinoma at a tertiary medical center: a prospective study.
AB  - From November 1980 to April 1985, 50 consecutive previously untreated patients
      with FIGO Stage III and IV ovarian cancer were entered into a prospective trial
      to evaluate what percentage of such patients could have their tumors optimally
      cytoreduced (residual cancer less than or equal to 2 cm), what operation is
      required to achieve this goal, and what is the associated morbidity. Optimal
      cytoreduction was achieved in 76% of the 50 cases and in 77% of 18 cases referred
      as "inoperable." To achieve this goal, the six most common operations performed
      in descending order of frequency were bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (100%),
      hysterectomy (98%), omental resection (86%), peritoneal tumor resection (40%),
      intestinal resection (36%), and gastrocolic ligament resection (16%). Fifty-eight
      percent of the patients had no major complications. The most significant
      complications were congestive heart failure in 4% and pulmonary embolus in 4%.
      Ninety-four percent of the patients had chemotherapy initiated in less than or
      equal to 14 postoperative days. It is concluded that approximately three-fourths
      of patients with advanced Stage III and IV ovarian carcinoma can have their
      tumors resected to less than or equal to 2 cm in greatest diameter. The value of
      such therapy on ultimate response to chemotherapy and survival will have to await
      longer follow-up, and will be the subject of a subsequent report.

PMID- 3699572
TI  - Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the retroperitoneum: a light and electron
      microscopic study.
AB  - A large, ovarian-type, retroperitoneal cystic tumor existing in the presence of
      normal ovaries was studied morphologically by light and electron microscopy. The
      cyst was monolocular, having several papillary nodules which measured 0.2-2.0 cm
      in diameter, and protruded into the lumen. Histologically, most of the tumor wall
      was covered by mesothelium-like cells which showed signs of differentiation into
      either a benign endocervical type mucinous epithelium or a mucinous epithelium of
      borderline malignancy, particularly around the nodules. The papillary nodules
      themselves had the histological features of a well-differentiated mucinous
      adenocarcinoma. These light and electron microscopic features resembled those of
      ovarian mucinous tumors. Histogenetically, the tumor appeared to be derived from
      a mesothelial inclusion cyst; some of the mesothelium being transformed by
      metaplastic change into the endocervical type mucinous epithelium and undergoing
      further transformation into either the mucinous epithelium of borderline
      malignancy or the well-differentiated mucinous adenocarcinoma by some unknown
      factors.

PMID- 3699573
TI  - Choriocarcinoma in mother and fetus.
AB  - Choriocarcinoma in mother and child is extremely rare and review of the
      literature revealed only six reported cases. We are presenting the seventh such
      case. Autopsy of the fetus of 39 weeks' gestation revealed metastatic
      choriocarcinoma. Workup of the mother showed an occult choriocarcinoma in the
      uterus. Aggressive chemotherapy was initiated promptly and remission was
      achieved.

PMID- 3699574
TI  - Human cervical and hamster oral epithelial neoplasia--colposcopic similarities.
AB  - Epithelial dysplasias and squamous carcinomas were experimentally produced in the
      cheek pouches of Syrian hamsters. These lesions were observed and photographed in
      the living animals with the aid of a stereoscopic microscope at magnifications of
      20 and 40 times. Very apparent similarities were noted in the vascular patterns
      and epithelial configurations between the hamster oral dysplasias and carcinomas
      and the corresponding lesions seen in published cases of cervical intraepithlial
      neoplasia and invasive squamous carcinoma. It is speculated that these
      similarities reflect common factors in the interaction between neoplastic
      squamous epithelium and its blood supply. These findings are important in
      understanding the biology of cervical neoplasia and may be useful in the
      diagnosis and management of human oral neoplasia.

PMID- 3699575
TI  - In vivo chemosensitivity testing in patients with gynecologic malignancies and
      nude mouse xenografts by monitoring cell kinetic parameters and DNA distribution
      patterns: a preliminary report.
AB  - Using flow cytometry (FCM) and autoradiography we have evaluated changes in DNA
      ploidy patterns as well as cell-cycle perturbations after chemotherapy in 12
      patients with accessible tumors and 22 nude mice xenografts. Gynecologic
      malignancies growing as nude mouse xenografts serve as an experimental model to
      study the effect of chemotherapy at the cellular level. Excellent correlation was
      found between fine needle aspiration (FNA) and biopsy material for either FCM or
      autoradiography. It now appears possible to study the effects of chemotherapy in
      the patient as well as the animal model using serial FNAs as a microsampling
      technique.

PMID- 3699576
TI  - Catheter complications associated with intraperitoneal chemotherapy.
AB  - Intraperitoneal administration of chemotherapy in ovarian carcinoma is currently
      under investigation. Numerous recent publications have described clinical studies
      employing a variety of chemotherapeutic drugs. Little information exists
      regarding the delivery systems employed or the complications encountered. This
      study reviews our experience with "single-use" and "long-term" catheters. Thirty
      three catheters were placed in 28 patients. Of these catheters, 12 were long-term
      Tenckhoff catheters and 21 were temporary single-use catheters. Both types of
      catheters had complications associated with their usage. However, there was a
      dramatic difference in the number and severity of complications when the two
      groups were compared. Sixty-seven percent of the Tenckhoff catheters were
      associated with complications. Nineteen percent of the patients with single-use
      catheters experienced complications. This 19%, however, represented only 3.8% of
      the total number of single-use catheter insertions. In our hands, the temporary
      percutaneous approach has been a safe one, which is technically easy to perform
      with minimal complications.

PMID- 3699577
TI  - Uterine sarcomas: prognostic factors and treatment modalities--study on 209
      patients.
AB  - From 1975 through 1984, 209 patients with uterine sarcoma were studied in 13
      French Oncology Centers. The repartition by histologic type was the following: 31
      patients (PTS) with carcinosarcoma, 81 PTS with leiomyosarcoma, 27 PTS with
      endometrial sarcoma, and 70 PTS with mullerian mixed mesodermal tumors. The
      prognostic factors were analyzed using a proportional hazards regression model.
      The analysis of prognostic factors showed that the strongest predictor of
      survival was menopausal status. Increasing tumor extension and increasing WHO
      performance status were also prognostic factors. No significant difference for
      prognosis was found for histologic type, operability, and age. Two-year survival
      rates were quite similar for all kinds of treatment, being 58.0% for tumor
      extension T1 and T2 and 35.0% for tumor extension T3 and T4. Two-year recurrence
      and metastasis rates were lower with addition of radiotherapy or chemotherapy
      without any benefit on survival rates. Cooperative clinical trials including all
      histologic types should be undertaken to improve survival. The knowledge of the
      prognostic factors can help to refine treatment comparisons.

PMID- 3699578
TI  - Advanced epithelial ovarian cancer: toxicity of whole abdominal irradiation after
      operation, combination chemotherapy, and reoperation.
AB  - Thirty-five patients with advanced ovarian cancer have received, as salvage
      therapy, irradiation consisting of 30 Gy to the entire abdominal contents with
      partial liver/kidney shielding and boosts to 42 and 51 Gy for the
      paraaortic/diaphragmatic and pelvic regions, respectively. These patients had
      received 6 to 25 cycles (median, 11 cycles) of prior combination chemotherapy
      (included cisplatin in 30), with "second-look" laparotomy performed in 33; 24
      (68%) had three or more laparotomies. Acute gastrointestinal toxicity was
      generally mild. Significant hematologic toxicity (leukocytes less than 2000/mm3;
      or platelets less than 100,000/mm3) was seen in 19 (54%); platelet suppression
      occurred in 18 of these 19. Nine patients failed to complete the prescribed
      course of therapy; in seven, this was secondary to hematologic toxicity. Amount
      of prior chemotherapy and advanced age correlated with degree of hematologic
      toxicity. Five patients without evidence of disease (laparotomy confirmed) have
      developed treatment-related bowel obstruction. No other chronic toxicity of
      clinical significance has been observed. Seven patients have developed bowel
      obstruction associated with progressive neoplasm. Irradiation was well tolerated
      symptomatically, but hematologic toxicity associated with prior chemotherapy
      prevented its completion in 20% of patients. Clinical manifestations of radiation
      bowel toxicity have been moderate to date and should be interpreted in the
      context of the aggressive combined modality program.

PMID- 3699579
TI  - Ovarian cancer metastatic to the breast.
AB  - The breast is an uncommon site for metastasis from epithelial ovarian cancer.
      Such lesions are purportedly secondary to blood-borne metastases. The accurate
      classification of ovarian epithelial neoplasms is the cornerstone of decisions
      regarding therapy and prognosis. Taylor, in 1929, reported a hyperplastic variety
      of papillary cystadenoma which, on occasion, produced multiple implants on the
      peritoneum but usually behaved in a benign fashion. The International Federation
      of Gynecologists and Obstetricians adopted a classification of benign
      cystadenomas, cystadenocarcinomas of low malignant potential (LMP), and
      cystadenocarcinomas. The serous tumors of LMP rarely metastasize outside of the
      abdominopelvic cavity. This case, of a serous tumor of LMP with breast
      metastasis, permits an analysis of metastatic breast lesions secondary to
      epithelial ovarian cancer.

PMID- 3699580
TI  - [The reduction of postoperative morbidity in cesarean section by risk-adapted,
      perioperative, short-term antibiotic prevention with special reference to
      anaerobic bacteria].

PMID- 3699581
TI  - [In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer at the Basel University Gynecologic
      Clinic].

PMID- 3699582
TI  - [Endometrium cytology with endoscan].

PMID- 3699584
TI  - Defective platelet aggregation induced by platelet activating factor in
      myeloproliferative disorders: deficiency of an aspirin-independent mechanism?
AB  - Platelets from 6 out of 10 patients with myeloproliferative disorders showed only
      a single reversible wave of aggregation when challenged with platelet activating
      factor (PAF). Preexposure to subthreshold concentrations of adrenaline resulted
      in a full irreversible response to PAF. Aspirin, however, removed this synergism.
      In the remaining 4 patients, PAF induced a full response but aspirin abolished
      the synergism with adrenaline in 2 of them. In platelets from all controls
      aspirin failed to abolish the synergism between PAF and adrenaline. It is
      suggested that patients with myeloproliferative disorders lack - to varying
      degrees - an aspirin-independent mechanism which amplifies the primary response
      to PAF. Such a mechanism could involve the products of arachidonic acid
      metabolism catalyzed by lipoxygenase.

PMID- 3699585
TI  - Plasminogen activator in bronchoalveolar fluid.
AB  - Plasminogen activator was purified from the soluble fraction of bronchoalveolar
      lavage fluid, and biological and immunological characteristics of the activator
      were examined by electrophoretic enzymography. The purified fraction showed a
      single band with a molecular weight of 53,000. The enzyme activity was eliminated
      in the presence of DFP and did not display fibrin affinity. Immunological tests
      revealed that the plasminogen activator reacted with IgG of antiurokinase but not
      with that of tissue-type plasminogen activator. However, the plasminogen
      activator cleaved S-2288 to a greater extent than S-2444 in contrast to
      urokinase.

PMID- 3699586
TI  - Factor XI kinetics after plasma exchange in severe factor XI deficiency.
AB  - Plasma exchange in a patient with factor XI deficiency allowed the determination
      of the factor XI disappearance time. The decay curve showed a biphasic pattern
      with a t1/2 of h. After a loading dose by means of plasma exchange with fresh
      frozen plasma (FFP) up to a factor XI level of 65%, administration of 0.5 liter
      FFP every 12 h was necessary to maintain the factor XI concentration between 40
      and 60%. The clearances of factor XI, calculated from the results of plasma
      exchange and from the maintenance dose, correlated very well and showed that the
      t1/2 of factor XI did not change after surgery. The patient underwent major
      surgery uneventfully but ultimately died 3 1/2 weeks after operation from
      cerebral damage due to cardiac arrest, which occurred on the 2nd postoperative
      day.

PMID- 3699583
TI  - In vitro aggregation of normal platelets: a hypothetical first-approximation
      model for light extinction in platelet-rich plasma.
AB  - Aggregometer tracings of light transmission through platelet-rich-plasma are
      routinely used for the clinical evaluation of platelet function. The analytical
      relation between the changing aggregometer curve tracings of the light extinction
      and the aggregation process remains unknown. A first-approximation equation for
      this relation is proposed, based upon a highly simplified view of the in vitro
      aggregation process for normal platelets. The model described is capable of
      generating curves which show strong resemblance to those predicted by light
      scattering theory as well as those observed experimentally, including biphasic
      structures.

PMID- 3699587
TI  - [Saddle nose--an esthetic and functional problem].
AB  - Twenty per cent of all deformities of the external nose are saddle noses; this
      common deformity is an aesthetic as well as a functional problem. These two
      factors must be respected in planning an operative correction. There are
      different methods applicable depending on the size of the defect and these will
      be demonstrated in this paper.

PMID- 3699588
TI  - [Report of experience in 424 burn injuries 1970 to 1982].
AB  - Third-degree burn management with state-of-the-art surgery and intensive care
      technique has been available in Innsbruck since 1969. This statistical survey
      covers the period 1970 to 1982, with follow-ups on a total of 424 burn patients.
      Dividing the study into two periods, namely 1970-1976 and 1977-1982, permits a
      critical assessment of progress in burn management. A comparison of our results
      with those from other prominent burns units shows that the survival rate is
      considerably lower in Innsbruck, especially in the case of patients with burns of
      over 60% of body surface area. It is essential that similar burns units should be
      set up elsewhere in Austria.

PMID- 3699591
TI  - [Irreducible dislocation of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the index finger].
AB  - Complete dorsal dislocation of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the index finger
      is rare and closed reduction of this peculiar dislocation is usually impossible.
      The injury is produced by striking of the outstretched index against a resistant
      object, usually in a fall on the hand. The base of the proximal phalanx is
      displaced over the dorsum of the metacarpal head. The fibrocartilaginous palmar
      plate remaining attached to the phalanx, is folded into the joint where it
      becomes wedged between the metacarpal head and the base of the proximal phalanx.
      In this type of dislocation closed reduction is unsuccessful. Open reduction
      should be performed through a palmar incision. Description of a typical case.

PMID- 3699589
TI  - [The scapho-capitate fracture syndrome].
AB  - This is an uncommon injury of the carpus showing a fracture of the os scaphoideum
      associated with a fracture of the os capitatum with rotation of the proximal
      fragment of the capitate of 180 degrees. Presentation of a case report.

PMID- 3699590
TI  - [Reconstruction or arthrodesis following injuries of the wrist joint].
AB  - In fractures of the distal radius, standard operations including Kirschner-wire
      fixation, plating and fixation by external fixator may be carried out to restore
      the distal articular surface. Whereas the indication for Kirschner-wire
      osteosynthesis is limited, plating is used in irreducible fractures, in radius
      defects and in the case of a combination with fractures of carpal bones. In
      sprains and comminuted fractures the use of external fixator combined with
      Kirschner-wire and plating is the approved technique. Best results with plating
      can be attained in primary or early secondary treatment within the first two
      weeks after injury. In case of injuries of the radius and the carpal bones
      together with injuries of the soft parts, a two-phase-treatment can be
      recommended--first external fixation and then after recovery of the soft parts,
      arthrodesis with interposition of a cortico-cancellous wedge and osteosynthesis.

PMID- 3699593
TI  - [A new assessment model for the evaluation of late results following a
      decompressive operation of the median nerve].
AB  - Of ninety patients who had undergone carpal tunnel release in the years from 1970
      to 1980, 67% could be reinvestigated after a follow-up period of five years and
      six months (average interval). A new scheme for classification of long-term
      results was used. This was achieved by the use of objective clinical and electro
      physiological observations. Postoperatively 71% could be classified as "cured" or
      "much improved". Only 15% were graded as "improved" and 14% remained "unchanged"
      or "worse".

PMID- 3699592
TI  - [Carpal tunnel syndrome caused by a rare tendon variation].
AB  - The cause of carpal tunnel syndrome in a 51 year-old female patient was the
      attachement of the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon to the palmar
      aponeurosis. Variations of the musculature in the hand are not only of anatomic
      interest, but are also of clinical significance in so far as they may present a
      source of diagnostic and therapeutic errors.

PMID- 3699594
TI  - [Documentation card for hand surgery].
AB  - A punched card for documentation of hand surgery cases is presented. It takes
      into account both malformations as well as the results of injuries and diseases
      of the hand. In addition, it affords an exact registration of the localization
      according to region and topography. Treatment methods in complications are
      likewise documented, so that a combined search by needling the corresponding
      numbers can be carried out easily and exactly. The system proved to be completely
      adequate, inexpensive and practical in the course of testing over seven years.

PMID- 3699596
TI  - [Diabetes and diet].

PMID- 3699595
TI  - [Profile rhinoplasty].
AB  - Profileplasty is an extension of rhinoplasty. It encompasses the minimal
      correction of the shape of the nose, correction of the upper and lower jaws,
      remodelling the contour of the neck as well as the reshaping of the entire neuro-
      and viscerocranium applying the techniques of craniofacial surgery. While the
      patient sets the indication, the surgeon acts as a consultant. Beside technical
      skills in performing a profileplasty, a good sense for harmonious proportions is
      more important than exact measurements. Rhino- and profileplasty come close to
      one of the essential goals of plastic surgery. Form, function and appearance of a
      person may be altered to his advantage without visible scars. Better appearance
      usually initiates a positive development of the personality.

PMID- 3699597
TI  - [Route of antibiotics administration].

PMID- 3699602
TI  - [Treatment of infectious skin diseases by hypnosis].

PMID- 3699600
TI  - [Treatment of scabies by sulfur ointment].

PMID- 3699601
TI  - [First aid to the eye-injured in rural clinics].

PMID- 3699603
TI  - [Lateral sinus thrombosis].

PMID- 3699604
TI  - [Tumors of the larynx in young adults].

PMID- 3699599
TI  - [Serotonin transport by blood platelets of depressive patients].

PMID- 3699605
TI  - [Hoffman's syndrome].

PMID- 3699598
TI  - [Maple syrup urine disease in Israel].

PMID- 3699606
TI  - [Hyponatremic coma with shock after tapwater enema].

PMID- 3699607
TI  - [Hyperbaric oxygen therapy--principles and mechanisms].

PMID- 3699609
TI  - [Survival of patients with cystic fibrosis].

PMID- 3699610
TI  - [Metastatic disease of unknown origin--a rationale for diagnosis and treatment].

PMID- 3699608
TI  - [Inflammatory bowel disease and immunodeficiency states].

PMID- 3699611
TI  - [Renal involvement in rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 3699612
TI  - Siblings' experience of pediatric cancer: interviews with children.
AB  - Most previous research on how a child's cancer affects his or her siblings has
      relied on various methods but has not involved direct interviews with the
      children themselves. In this study of the siblings of young cancer patients,
      youngsters tell their own story, describing their experience of cancer in terms
      of their emotional responses.

PMID- 3699613
TI  - Life vs. death: the value of ethical uncertainty.
AB  - Technological advances, demographic changes, and scarce resources are forcing
      health care professionals to make life-or-death decisions with increasing
      frequency. The author analyzes the dangers of professional control in situations
      involving treatment-or-nontreatment choices, proposes a way of protecting the
      powerless in these situations, and explores the importance of procedures to guard
      against easy certainty.

PMID- 3699614
TI  - Establishing a hospital's employee assistance program.
AB  - Employee assistance programs, hailed as a possible focus for social work in the
      corporate environment, can provide significant services to employees in health
      care settings as well. This description of one hospital's employee assistance
      program illustrates the marketing of social work services for the program and the
      issues arising out of interdepartmental collaboration and competition.

PMID- 3699615
TI  - Violence in America: an emerging public health problem.

PMID- 3699616
TI  - Nursing home consumer advocacy: two points of view.

PMID- 3699617
TI  - The many faces of violence.

PMID- 3699618
TI  - Elder abuse: ethical and practical dilemmas for social work.
AB  - Like other forms of family violence, abuse of the elderly is a long-standing
      problem that is a new focus of public interest. This description of the efforts
      of an acute-care hospital's interdisciplinary team to assess cases of elder abuse
      focuses on the role of the social worker and the dilemmas that arise when the
      problem of elder abuse is confronted by helping professionals.

PMID- 3699619
TI  - How physicians respond to child maltreatment cases.
AB  - A physician may be the first or only person outside an abused child's family who
      comes in direct contact with the evidence of abuse. How do physicians react in
      such cases? Findings of this study suggest that physicians are conservative in
      their attitudes, have a limited knowledge of abuse-related issues, and are
      reluctant to report suspected abuse cases. The implications of this for social
      workers are explored.

PMID- 3699620
TI  - Congenital toxoplasmosis in premature twins.
AB  - In the course of the study "Toxoplasmosis and Prematurity" 330 blood samples from
      twins were examined. Our findings in a series of 21 premature twins (maternal
      sera were also examined) are reported in this paper. Toxoplasma antibodies were
      detected by the Sabin-Feldman test and specific IgM antibodies by the Remington
      test. The classical form of congenital toxoplasmosis was present in five pairs of
      twins, while toxoplasmosis was subclinical at birth in both twins of three pairs.
      The pattern of disease varied very much in seven pairs of twins. In one twin of
      two pairs signs of disease were present, while his cotwin appeared unaffected but
      with strongly positive result of SFT. The most interesting observation, however,
      is that in three pairs, one twin was infected and had evident congenital
      toxoplasmosis, while his cotwin was not, as proven by the disappearance of the
      Toxoplasma antibodies. This finding undoubtedly indicates the importance of
      whether the placenta is intact or not for the transmission of the infection.

PMID- 3699621
TI  - Pathology of experimental Cysticercus bovis infection in the reindeer (Rangifer
      tarandus Linne, 1758).
AB  - In the present study, the tissue reaction of the brain, skeletal muscles and
      heart in experimental C. bovis infection of the reindeer is described. There is
      non-purulent cysticercal leptomeningites with formation of multinucleate
      symplasms in the cerebral meninges, and lymphocytic encephalitis in the
      superficial layers of the cerebral cortex. The tissue reaction around the
      morphologically differentiated cysticercus in the meningeal location is similar
      to that in muscle cysticercosis of cattle. In muscles and heart, larvae die very
      soon after infection and they are resorbed in the course of formation of
      fibroplastic granulation tissue around them. C. bovis reaches the infective stage
      in cerebral localization only. The authors suppose that this phenomenon is due to
      a certain degree of immunological tolerance in the brain.

PMID- 3699622
TI  - Autoradiographic study of kinetics of spermatogenesis in Ascaris lumbricoides.
AB  - The kinetics of meiosis and spermiogenesis in Ascaris lumbricoides in vitro was
      studied by keeping 12 mature males in nutrient medium. The spermatocytes were
      made radioactive by supplementing the medium with 3H-thymidine for 2 h, following
      which they were transferred to fresh medium without 3H-TdR. The nematodes were
      then killed for preparing histological and squash preparations of the testis. An
      analysis of the migration of "hot" spermatocytes till the formation of mature
      spermatozoa, in Kodak AR-10 autoradiograms, suggested that the duration of
      meiosis and spermiogenesis was a little more than 5.5 and 7.6 days, respectively.
      The total duration of these two events was about 13.1 days when radioactive
      spermatozoa were detected for the first time.

PMID- 3699623
TI  - Internal regulatory systems--common consistent patterns in the parasite-host
      relationships with specific parasites.
AB  - While studying the population ecology of cattle warble flies (Diptera,
      Hypodermatidae) in Czechoslovakia, the Soviet Union and Mongolia a firm internal
      regulatory system, determining the population density of parasites and operating
      on the principle of negative feedback, was demonstrated. The negative binomial
      distribution proved to be a suitable model in other parasite groups as well. The
      internal regulatory systems are common consistent patterns in the parasite-host
      relationship with specific parasites. These consistent patterns and the
      methodical approach to them are of wider importance not only for parasitology in
      particular, but for the research of ecosystems in general. This trend of research
      can be therefore considered to be momentous, comparable with other concepts in
      parasitology.

PMID- 3699624
TI  - Some diagnostic, biologic and morphologic characteristics of Francisella
      tularensis strains isolated from the ticks Ixodes ricinus (L.) in the Prague
      agglomeration.
AB  - Four infectious agents were isolated from the ticks Ixodes ricinus (L.) collected
      in the recreational area and park-forest of Prague. On the basis of cultivation,
      staining, biochemical, serologic properties, pathogenicity for animals and
      histological tests they were identified as Francisella tularensis with the
      following features: they are short, gram-negative rods of approximate dimensions
      of 0.3 X 0.8 micron, growing in enriched media after 3-4 day incubation at 37
      degrees C. They form small circular, at first transparent, later greyish turbid
      colonies with regular rims. They are little active biochemically. They are
      susceptible to streptomycin and some broad spectrum antibiotics. They react
      positively with tularemic serum, but in lower titres than those in which this
      serum reacts with standard antigen. The microbes are highly pathogenic for mice,
      guinea-pigs, young rats, in which a massive bacteriemia occurs before death, but
      they do not kill rabbits. They multiply well in chick embryo, but do not grow in
      cell or tissue cultures. The most important histologic changes were observed in
      liver and spleen of mice. No pathologic changes were found in brain, lungs,
      heart, kidneys. Necroses were found in liver and in their marginal zones the
      microbes were present. Conspicuous were changes in numerous hepatocytes which
      became enlarged due to microbial multiplication and finally transformed into
      "sacs" packed with microbes. Histological and electronoptical examination showed
      that these are intracellular parasites fringed with a light lytic zone. Discussed
      is the problem to what extent the properties of the isolated strains are typical
      of F. tularensis as well as the importance of their detection from the aspect of
      epidemiology and differential diagnostics.

PMID- 3699625
TI  - [Antihypertensive effects of SA446, hydralazine and the combination on renal
      hypertensive rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats by long-term treatment].
AB  - SA446 [(2R, 4R)-2-(o-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(3-mercaptopropionyl)-4-
      thiazolidinecarboxylic acid] (30 mg/kg/day), an orally active angiotensin
      converting enzyme inhibitor, lowered significantly indirect systolic blood
      pressure (SBP) of 2-kidney, 1-clip renal hypertensive rats (RHR) by consecutive
      oral administration over a 14 week period. Daily oral dosing of hydralazine (2
      mg/kg/day) for 14 weeks had little or no effect on SBP, but potentiated the
      antihypertensive effect of SA446. One to two weeks after discontinuation of the
      drugs, SBP in SA446 and the combination groups returned to the control level.
      Survival rates were 64%, 30% in the control and hydralazine group, respectively,
      but no death was observed in the SA446 group and the combination group throughout
      the administration period. Twenty-four hour urine volume and water intake tended
      to increase in the hydralazine group through the administration period, but
      increased apparently in the SA446 group and the combination group after
      discontinuation of the drugs. Daily oral dosing of SA446 (45 mg/kg/day) for over
      16 weeks completely prevented the development of hypertension in spontaneously
      hypertensive rats (SHR). Daily oral dosing of hydralazine (2 mg/kg/day) similarly
      prevented the development. The combined effect with SA446 and hydralazine on the
      development was also observed. SBP in the SA446 group and the combination group
      increased gradually after discontinuation of the drugs, but were maintained at a
      low level as compared with the control group 3 weeks after discontinuation, while
      hydralazine gave a rapid return. No influences were observed in 24 hr-urine
      volume and water intake during and after the administration period in
      SHR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3699626
TI  - [Effects of elcatonin, a synthetic analogue of eel calcitonin, on acute gastric
      and duodenal lesions and gastroduodenal function in rats].
AB  - We studied the effects of elcatonin (eel calcitonin), on various gastric and
      duodenal lesions, gastric acid and duodenal alkaline secretion, and gastric
      motility in rats. Elcatonin at 1-30 unit/kg, given subcutaneously, dose
      dependently inhibited the development of HCl-aspirin-, HCl-ethanol-, water
      immersion stress- and indomethacin-induced gastric lesions. This agent also
      significantly prevented the formation of duodenal lesions induced by indomethacin
      plus histamine at 30 unit/kg, although it showed only a tendency of inhibition
      against mepirizole-induced duodenal lesions. 16, 16-Dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (3
      30 micrograms/kg), given orally as a reference drug, showed a potent inhibition
      against all types of lesions tested herein at the dose of 3 micrograms/kg or
      greater. Elcatonin dose-dependently inhibited gastric secretion (volume, acid and
      pepsin output) in pylorus-ligated rats and gastric motility in conscious rats,
      but had no effect on duodenal alkaline secretion in anesthetized rats. On the
      other hand, 16, 16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 at 10 micrograms/kg, given
      intraduodenally, significantly inhibited gastric secretion and motility, but
      stimulated duodenal alkaline secretion. We conclude that elcatonin markedly
      protects the gastrointestinal mucosa from injury induced by stress or various
      irritants. These effects might be in part accounted for by the antisecretory and
      antimotility activities of this peptide, although some other unknown mechanisms
      may be involved in the mucosal protection afforded by elcatonin.

PMID- 3699627
TI  - [Effects of central acting drugs on the mirror staircase test].
AB  - A mirror-covered staircase was erected to study screening methods, and several
      basic experiments were carried out using it. The staircase consisted of 5 steps
      each measuring 15 cm long by 20 cm wide by 6 cm high, fabricated in a wooden
      device measuring 95 cm by 20 cm by 30 cm high. The inner surfaces were all
      mirrored, including steps, floors and walls. At the foot of the stairs, a rat
      weighing about 200 g was placed quietly with the back toward the stairs. The
      frequencies of rearing and climbing on the stairs were recorded for the
      subsequent 3 and 10 min. The recordings were also performed using 2 rats placed
      simultaneously and in a non-mirrored device of the same structure. When mirrored,
      the frequencies of rearing and climbing were much higher, and the average
      duration lasted also longer than when non-mirrored. To compare the results among
      the following 3 qualifications: i) a rat in the mirrored device, ii) 2 rats in
      the mirrored device, and iii) 2 rats in the non-mirrored device, the highest
      frequency of rearing for the first 3 min was observed in i). Effects of
      nitrazepam, phenobarbital and morphine were compared between mirrored and non
      mirrored qualifications. No significant differences between them were observed in
      the drug-induced changes in the behaviors. Although the mirrored-staircase test
      as a screening method was almost identical to the non-mirrored test, it was
      superior in the point of continuation of augmented frequencies. As a fact
      arousing interest, the subject received more potent stimulation from its self
      image exposed on the mirrors than the image of another individual of the same
      species (within the same device).

PMID- 3699628
TI  - [General pharmacological action of 4-(o-benzylphenoxy)-N-methylamine
      hydrochloride (bifemelane hydrochloride, MCI-2016)--influence on the central
      nervous system].
AB  - General pharmacological action of 4-(o-Benzylphenoxy)-N-methylbutylamine
      hydrochloride (bifemelane hydrochloride, MCI-2016) was examined with regard to
      the effects mainly on the central nervous system. MCI-2016, at 30-100 mg/kg,
      p.o., only showed a weak sleep prolongation effect (mice), anti-convulsant action
      (mice) and a moderate facilitation of exploratory behavior, but produced no
      remarkable behavioral changes. Above the doses of 200 to 300 mg/kg, p.o., MCI
      2016 produced a decrease in muscle or body tone, mydriasis and a slight decrease
      of locomotor activity. The drug, however, showed little influence on exploratory
      behavior, conditioned avoidance response and normal body temperature (rats).
      Normal body temperature in rabbits was also little affected by MCI-2016. Effects
      on EEG was characterized by moderate activation of spontaneous EEG and
      potentiation of arousal response by stimulation of the midbrain reticular
      formation (1.5-5 mg/kg, i.v.). The drug, however, did not significantly change
      the sleep-wakefulness cycle and REM-sleep in rats. MCI-2016 also showed little
      influence on spinal reflex potentials and neuromuscular junction at high doses
      (10 mg/kg, i.v.). These results may indicate that MCI-2016 has slight influence
      on overall behavioral and motor changes. Effects of MCI-2016 on acetic acid
      induced writhing, carrageenin edema and corneal reflex were also examined. MCI
      2016 showed moderate analgesic and anti-inflammatory actions at 50-100 mg/kg,
      p.o., and also showed local anesthetic action. The duration of local anesthetic
      action was relatively long but the drug produced no local damage.

PMID- 3699629
TI  - [Effects of 4-(o-benzylphenoxy)-N-methylbutylamine hydrochloride (MCI-2016,
      bifemelane hydrochloride) on coagulation, fibrinolysis, hemolysis,
      hemorheological properties and platelet aggregation].
AB  - MCI-2016 showed little influence on coagulation (APTT) and fibrinolysis (plasma
      clot lysis activated by urokinase) at doses (concentrations) as high as 300
      mg/kg, p.o. or 8.6 X 10(-4) M. Hemolytic action of MCI-2016 was only observed at
      the concentrations above 2 mM. The drug also showed no influence on blood glucose
      level (30-300 mg/kg, p.o.). Effects of MCI-2016 on hemorheological properties
      were studied either in vitro or ex vivo. Above the doses (concentrations) of 100
      mg/kg, p.o. and 10 microM, MCI-2016 suppressed the mechanical hemolysis and
      accelerated the membrane filtration rate. These effects of MCI-2016 were superior
      to those of cinepazide, Ca-hopantenate, meclofenoxate and pentoxyfylline. MCI
      2016 also inhibited platelet aggregation induced by collagen with the IC 50 of 35
      to 60 microM (rabbit and human platelets). Secondary aggregations of ADP and
      epinephrine were also inhibited by MCI-2016. As for reference drugs, bencyclane
      showed inhibitory patterns similar to MCI-2016. Other drugs examined exhibited
      little effect. In summary, it may be suggested that MCI-2016 exhibits beneficial
      influences in the clinical fields of cerebrovascular diseases.

PMID- 3699631
TI  - [Behavioral pharmacological properties of nicergoline. Effects on gross-behavior
      in rats and monkeys and on DRL response, CER, and CAR in rats].
AB  - Whether nicergoline has psychotropic-like pharmacological properties was examined
      through the gross-behavioral and operant behavioral observations in rats and
      monkeys. In gross-behavioral observations, slight decrement of spontaneous motor
      activity, lying on the abdomen and relaxation of abdominal tone were observed in
      rats when nicergoline was administered intravenously (1 mg/kg or more) and
      intraperitoneally (4 mg/kg or more). However, when it was administered orally,
      slight decrement of spontaneous motor activity was observed only at large doses
      of 32 and 128 mg/kg. In monkeys, nicergoline produced decrement of spontaneous
      motor activity, palpebral ptosis, and lacrimation when administered
      intraperitoneally at doses of 1 mg/kg or more. Under a differential reinforcement
      of low rate (DRL) schedule for food reinforcement in rats, nicergoline depressed
      the response at 4 mg/kg, i.p., or 128 mg/kg, orally. In conditioned emotional
      response (CER), nicergoline had no effect on the responses during both the alarm
      and safe periods at doses of 0.25, 1, and 4 mg/kg, i.p., or 8, 32, and 128 mg/kg,
      p.o. In Sidman continuous avoidance response (CAR), nicergoline (0.25, 1, and 4
      mg/kg, i.p., or 8, 32, and 128 mg/kg, p.o.) slightly depressed the response and
      increased the total shock. These results were compared with those of
      chlorpromazine, chlordiazepoxide, pentobarbital, and methamphetamine and the
      following conclusion was drawn: Inhibitory effects of nicergoline on gross and
      operant behaviors seem to be non-specific, and its behavioral pharmacological
      properties are qualitatively different from those of anti-psychotics, anti
      anxietics, hypnotics, and stimulants.

PMID- 3699630
TI  - [Effects of gomisin A, a lignan component of Schizandra fruits, on experimental
      liver injuries and liver microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes].
AB  - Effects of oral administration of gomisin A, one of the components isolated from
      Schizandra fruits, on liver injuries induced by CCl4, d-galactosamine and dl
      ethionine and on liver microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme activities were
      investigated. Gomisin A suppressed the increase of serum transaminase activities
      and the appearances of histological changes such as degeneration and necrosis of
      hepatocyte, inflammatory cell infiltration and fatty deposition in each type of
      liver injury. The repeated administration of gomisin A (30 or 100 mg/kg, p.o.,
      daily for 4 days) induced an apparent increase of liver weight in liver-injured
      and normal rats. Gomisin A decreased serum triglyceride and lipid contents of the
      liver in biochemical studies. Increases of microsomal cytochrome b5 and P-450,
      elevations of NADPH cytochrome C reductase, aminopyrine N-demethylase and 7
      ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activities and decrease of 3,4-benzo(a)pyrene
      hydroxylase activity per cytochrome P-450 were observed after the administration
      of gomisin A. In addition, gomisin A was found to enhance the incorporation of
      14C-phenylalanine into liver protein and to shorten the hexobarbital-induced
      sleeping time. These changes caused by gomisin A were similar to those by
      phenobarbital. However, gomisin A is distinctly different from phenobarbital in
      the finding that phenobarbital lessened the survival ratio of CCl4-intoxicated
      mice, but gomisin A did not. Our observation suggest that gomisin A shows an
      antihepatotoxic action by oral application and also has hypolipidemic (mainly
      triglyceridemic) and liver protein synthesis-facilitating actions and that the
      enlargement of the liver seen with gomisin A is the adaptive hypertrophy which is
      due to the induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes.

PMID- 3699632
TI  - Determination of the relative ciliated cell count in human oviduct epithelium.

PMID- 3699633
TI  - Incidence of ancestral characters in the morphogenesis of specialized structures.

PMID- 3699634
TI  - Histological studies of developmental stages during oogenesis in Culex pipiens
      molestus (Forskal). I. Fourth larval instar and pupal stage.

PMID- 3699635
TI  - A few morphological features of interest in development of the nasal apparatus of
      the magpie (Pica pica L.). Morphogenesis and evolutionary morphology of the nasal
      capsule, the nasal epithelial tube and the organ of Jacobson in sauropsida. XVII.

PMID- 3699636
TI  - Ramification of the coeliac artery in the domestic cat.

PMID- 3699637
TI  - Qualitative picture of the blood-brain barrier in different degrees of cerebral
      ischaemia in the dog.

PMID- 3699638
TI  - Regeneration of changes induced in rabbit tracheal epithelium by a single oral
      dose of a mucolytic agent.

PMID- 3699639
TI  - Effect of vitamin A acetate on selected morphogenetic systems of the chick
      embryo.

PMID- 3699640
TI  - Dose-response relationships in chick embryos exposed to embryotoxic agents.

PMID- 3699642
TI  - Cell proliferation in the developing limb bud of lizard embryos.

PMID- 3699641
TI  - Sensory innervation of the eyelashes and eyebrows in man.

PMID- 3699643
TI  - Histochemical and cytological changes in development of the oocyte of sugar-fed
      females and the resorptive bodies of Sarcophaga lineatocollis (Macq.).

PMID- 3699644
TI  - Cholinergic innervation of camel skin.

PMID- 3699645
TI  - [Splenomegaly. Etiology, diagnosis and therapy from the surgical viewpoint].

PMID- 3699646
TI  - ["Parkinson plus." Multisystem involvement in Parkinson disease].

PMID- 3699647
TI  - [Vasodilation in children with left-right shunt. Effect of tolazoline].

PMID- 3699648
TI  - [Ultrasonic diagnosis: "color Dopplers" are coming. Will heart catheter studies
      soon be unnecessary?].

PMID- 3699649
TI  - [Disorders of electrolyte metabolism in the aged].

PMID- 3699650
TI  - [Psychosomatic aspects of non-epileptic seizures].

PMID- 3699651
TI  - [Local hyperthermia treatment. Pathogenesis of microcirculation disorders in
      malignant tumors].

PMID- 3699652
TI  - [Local hyperthermia. Vital microscopy studies of hamster melanoma].

PMID- 3699653
TI  - [Diethylene glycol. Effects of experimental long-term exposure].

PMID- 3699654
TI  - [Pregnancy hyperlipoproteinemia. Changes in maternal lipid metabolism and their
      nutritive significance for the fetus].

PMID- 3699655
TI  - [Etofibrate in severe diet-refractory cases of hyperlipoproteinemia].

PMID- 3699656
TI  - [Computers and the brain. How can one maintain that both are identical, and yet
      not related to one another].

PMID- 3699657
TI  - [Antithrombin III substitution in acute bacterial meningitis].

PMID- 3699658
TI  - [Musculoskeletal disorders in orchestra musicians].

PMID- 3699659
TI  - [Cartilage transplants. Biomechanical capacity and morphology].

PMID- 3699660
TI  - [Interview: Positive trends in heart failure. Comments on trends in using
      diuretics. Interview by T.U. Keil].

PMID- 3699661
TI  - [Composition and minimal requirements of healthy nutrition. Does modern nutrition
      meet health requirements?].

PMID- 3699662
TI  - [Disorders following esophageal operations].

PMID- 3699663
TI  - [Smoking and peptic ulcer disease].

PMID- 3699664
TI  - [After care in differentiated thyroid cancers. The value of thyroglobulin
      determination].

PMID- 3699665
TI  - [A good mood. What everyone can contribute to its success (I)].

PMID- 3699666
TI  - [Drug therapy in insurance and contract medical care. Commentary on evaluating
      drug prescriptions].

PMID- 3699667
TI  - [Surgical (clinical) pathology. Medical necessity and scientific task].

PMID- 3699668
TI  - [Colonic adenomatosis. Special problems in surgical treatment].

PMID- 3699669
TI  - [Risk reduction in Crohn disease].

PMID- 3699670
TI  - [Therapy of endocrine diseases in childhood and adolescence. 5: Primary
      hypogonadism].

PMID- 3699671
TI  - [An extraction method in the management of neonatal dyspnea using a fixation hook
      -Frey's methods].

PMID- 3699672
TI  - [Passive membrane properties, ionic mechanisms and glucose responsiveness of
      guinea-pig ventromedial hypothalamic neurons: an in vitro study].

PMID- 3699673
TI  - [Natural history of borderline hypertension in the Hisayama Community, Japan. An
      importance of long-term changes in blood pressure as a risk factor of
      cardiovascular disease].

PMID- 3699674
TI  - [Neuronal activity of the monkey amygdala during operant feeding behavior and the
      effects of drugs].

PMID- 3699675
TI  - Timing of surgical intervention in chronic mitral regurgitation.
AB  - Determination of the optimal time for surgical intervention in chronic mitral
      regurgitation has remained controversial. There are similarly important factors
      in favor of temporizing with medical treatment alone as there are in support of
      relatively early surgery (Table 1). Since rheumatic valvulitis may play a
      subordinate role, in contrast to etiologies such as myxomatous degeneration of
      the mitral valve, rupture of chordae tendineae, papillary muscle dysfunction due
      to coronary artery disease and other causes, left ventricular function is
      generally determined by the adaptations of the myocardium to the volume overload,
      or to ischemia or infarction from coronary artery disease rather than to a
      concomitant myocarditis. Based on actuarial survival curves in symptomatic
      patients with combined mitral regurgitation and stenosis or mitral regurgitation
      alone, it can be assumed that surgery can result in improved survival, in
      particular if a reconstructive mitral valve procedure rather than prosthetic
      valve replacement is performed. Medical treatment is carried out with digitalis
      to enhance myocardial contractility, diuretics and vasodilators to reduce pre-
      and afterload with resultant diminished effective mitral orifice area and
      regurgitant volume, lowering of pulmonary artery and pulmonary venous pressures
      and an increase in systemic cardiac output. Presently, however, there is no
      convincing evidence that symptom-status is improved or the natural history
      favorably affected over a number of years. For assessment of left ventricular
      myocardial function the end-systolic pressure/volume or the end-systolic
      stress/volume index appear preferable. Values of the latter less than or equal to
      2.2 are associated with increased postoperative mortality and improbable
      improvement in functional status. Additionally, patients with an ejection
      fraction less than 40% or end-diastolic volume greater than 140 ml/m2 as well as
      those with end-diastolic dimension greater than 8 cm or end-systolic dimension
      greater than 5.5 cm have less favorable postoperative survival or further
      deterioration in ventricular function. Impaired right ventricular function
      secondary to the increased afterload imposed by pulmonary hypertension generally
      can be normalized postoperatively. Depression of right ventricular myocardial
      contractility is not, however, a common pathophysiologic feature in chronic
      mitral regurgitation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3699676
TI  - [Surgical indications in mitral valve stenosis, combined mitral valve defect or
      mitral valve insufficiency. Long-term prognosis of operated or drug-treated
      patients].
AB  - Data obtained from 683 patients with mitral valve disease, NYHA-class III or IV,
      were retrospectively studied by means of a multivariate Cox regression analysis.
      Based on symptoms and hemodynamic findings, surgical intervention had been
      recommended for all patients: closed mitral commissurotomy (n = 361), prosthetic
      mitral valve replacement (n = 241) and prosthetic mitral valve replacement
      together with a corrective procedure for the tricuspid valve (n = 81). While the
      majority of patients underwent surgery during the observation period (n = 528), a
      substantial number of patients continued on medical treatment (n = 155). The mean
      observation periods were 52, 49 and 31 months, respectively, in the three
      collectives. Surgically treated patients in whom closed mitral commissurotomy had
      been recommended had a better prognosis (p less than 0.0003) than those treated
      medically (five-year survival rate 89% vs. 63%). Age, clinical severity, previous
      mitral commissurotomy, pulmonary vascular resistance and right atrial mean
      pressure had no significant influence on prognosis. In patients in whom
      prosthetic mitral valve replacement had been recommended, surgical treatment led
      only to tendencial improvement in prognosis as compared with those treated
      medically (five-year survival rate 78% vs. 61%). Factors with an unfavorable
      influence on prognosis were age more than 49 years (p less than 0.05), pure
      mitral regurgitation (p less than 0.001), NYHA-class IV (p less than 0.02) and
      right atrial mean pressure in excess of 4 mm Hg (p less than 0.01). In patients
      in whom prosthetic mitral valve replacement together with a corrective procedure
      for the tricuspid valve had been considered necessary, surgical treatment had no
      significant influence on prognosis as compared with those treated medically (five
      year survival rate 57% vs. 53%). Patients in whom previous mitral commissurotomy
      had been performed had an extremely poor prognosis (p less than 0.001). Pulmonary
      vascular resistance was significantly reduced both after mitral commissurotomy as
      well as after prosthetic mitral valve replacement; this was associated with a
      significant decrease in right atrial mean pressure and increase in right
      ventricular ejection fraction. The indication for closed mitral commissurotomy,
      thus, appears established in patients with symptoms of class III or IV clinical
      severity. The indication can be established generously since the surgical
      mortality is low and long-term prognosis is good.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 3699677
TI  - Cardio-pulmonary exercise testing in the evaluation of mitral and aortic valve
      incompetence.
AB  - Cardio-pulmonary exercise (CPX) testing can be used to discern the functional
      integrity of the right and left heart and pulmonary circulation in patients with
      chronic mitral or aortic valvular incompetence. The noninvasive determination of
      VO2 max and anaerobic threshold in these patients serves to assess the severity
      of chronic circulatory failure and to predict the maximum exercise cardiac output
      (or cardiac reserve). Invasive monitoring of right heart pressures and left
      ventricular filling (wedge) pressure identifies abnormalities in ventricular
      function and the pulmonary circulation that may not be otherwise apparent.
      Noninvasive and invasive CPX testing is therefore a valuable tool which can also
      be applied to the serial evaluation of these patients. CPX offers several
      advantages over traditional indices of ventricular function (e.g., resting
      cardiac output, filling pressure and ejection fraction) in that it objectively
      identifies the patients functional status, the heart's pumping reserve, and the
      integrity of the cardio-pulmonary unit. The utility of CPX, however, in assessing
      an early and subtle decline in left ventricular function and its ability to
      predict the appropriate timing for valve replacement in chronic mitral or aortic
      valvular incompetence remains to be elucidated.

PMID- 3699678
TI  - [Long-term follow-up of aortic or mitral valve replacement. Comparison of results
      following implantation of a mechanical or biological artificial valve].
AB  - The prognosis of valvular heart disease is favorably influenced by surgical
      treatment in spite of the possible incurrence of early or late postoperative
      complications. The hemodynamic properties of currently implanted bioprostheses
      and mechanical prostheses are essentially similar. It can be assumed that the
      fate of the patient, after having survived the early-postoperative phase, is
      predominantly dependent on the underlying disease and on complications of the
      prosthetic valve, itself, or the inherent necessity for chronic anticoagulation.
      To characterize the longterm course more closely, in this study in patients with
      prosthetic aortic or mitral valves, analysis of the survival rate as well as
      incidence of valvular dysfunction, late endocarditis, thromboembolism and
      bleeding associated with anticoagulant therapy was performed separately for
      patients with Bjork-Shiley prostheses and for those with bioprostheses. The study
      encompasses 407 patients after isolated aortic valve replacement, 226 with Bjork
      Shiley prosthesis and 181 with bioprosthesis, as well as 269 patients after
      isolated mitral valve replacement, 142 with Bjork-Shiley prosthesis and 127 with
      bioprosthesis (Table 2). All patients had valve replacement between 1975 and 1983
      which was performed in the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery at the German
      Heart Center in Munich under comparable conditions, since 1977 with employment of
      cardioplegia. The preoperative characteristics of the groups compared did not
      differ significantly from each other (Table 1). Continuous follow-up was obtained
      in 95% of the patients. The mean observation period of all four compared patient
      groups ranged between 52.1 and 61.3 months. The term "major complication" was
      used to designate late-postoperative death, hemodynamic derangement due to
      prosthetic dysfunction, late endocarditis as well as major thromboembolism or
      bleeding. Prosthetic dysfunction in the case of Bjork-Shiley valves was
      designated as mechanical or due to thrombosis, in the case of bioprostheses as
      valve degeneration or thrombosis. Late endocarditis was diagnosed only on
      documentation of - with a minimum interval of 30 days between valve implantation
      and onset of symptoms - changes in auscultatory findings and a morphological
      substrate on the implanted valve. Thromboembolism was assumed, after ruling out
      bleeding, only if a definitive or highly-probable transient or permanent
      neurologic deficit or a well-established suspicion of acute ischemia in an
      extremity or visceral organ was present. A bleeding complication was considered
      as such only if treatment by a physician was required.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 3699679
TI  - [Recent topics in atherosclerosis].

PMID- 3699680
TI  - [Longitudinal study on circadian rhythms of plasma hormone levels during Japanese
      Antarctic Research Expedition].
AB  - Circadian rhythms of plasma cortisol, aldosterone and testosterone levels were
      studied longitudinally in a member of the 21st Japanese Antarctic Research
      Expedition during periods of one year both in Antarctica and in Hokkaido, Japan.
      Results were as follows. Plasma cortisol, aldosterone and testosterone levels of
      man both in Antarctica and in Hokkaido showed average patterns of rhythmicity
      which were similar to respective Aschoff's standard curves with an exception of
      testosterone rhythm pattern in Hokkaido. Monthly mean plasma cortisol level
      diminished markedly in June, the month of darkness throughout the day, but normal
      circadian rhythm of cortisol level was maintained even during this period.
      However in Japan the seasonal fluctuation of monthly mean plasma cortisol level
      was small and had no correlation with the environmental temperature and solar
      rhythm. Monthly mean plasma aldosterone level increased markedly in July, dark
      winter month and also in December, the month of midnight sun in Antarctica. In
      Japan also the same kind of seasonal fluctuation which showed peaks in winter and
      summer was observed. Monthly mean plasma testosterone level increased markedly in
      June, the month of darkness in Antarctica. However little seasonal fluctuation
      was observed in Japan. These findings suggest that social factors rather than
      light-dark cycle act as a Zeitgeber effective for the maintenance of circadian
      rhythms of human circulating hormone levels.

PMID- 3699681
TI  - [The statistical evaluation of the female breast cancer detected by mass
      screening in Hokkaido].
AB  - In Hokkaido, 113, 612 women were subjected to mass screening of breast cancer
      from 1973 to 1983. Out of them, 74, 285 (56.3%) were examined once and the
      remainder twice or more: 4,798 (4.2%) were advised to receive further precise
      examinations and 99.8% of them underwent the second examination. Breast cancer
      was detected in 377, in which 291 (77.2%) were detected by the first examination
      and 33 (3.8%) were so-called "interval cancer" with the mean interval of 19.3
      months. The detection rate was 0.3%. Histologically non-invasive cancer was seen
      in 26 (6.9% of 377). Despite a recent significant increase in detection rate of
      the earlier stage of breast cancer, the present study showed no evidence of a
      decrease in advanced cancer. The prognosis of the patients who had curable
      operation revealed 86.9% in 5 year survival rate and 40% in 10 year survival
      rate.

PMID- 3699682
TI  - [Studies on the interaction between cells infected with measles virus and anti
      measles antibody. I. Cytotoxic antibody activity of sera obtained from patients
      with natural measles and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis by use of
      chronically infected cell lines].
AB  - Sera obtained from patients with natural measles and subacute sclerosing
      panencephalitis (SSPE) showed cytotoxic activity in the presence of complement on
      cells persistently infected with either measles virus (Schwarz and TYCSA strains)
      or SSPE virus (Halle and Mantooth strains). The cytotoxic activity was
      demonstrated in both IgG and IgM fractions of measles convalescent sera, but only
      in IgG fraction of SSPE sera. Measles convalescent sera completely lost the
      cytotoxic activity to all carrier cell lines, when absorbed with any one of the
      cell lines, indicating that the viral surface antigens of these cell lines
      infected with measles or SSPE virus were identical. On the other hand, the
      cytotoxic activity of SSPE sera could not be readily absorbed with these cells.
      Thus, the affinity of SSPE sera for the viral surface antigens might be lower
      than that of measles convalescent sera.

PMID- 3699683
TI  - [Immunoelectron microscopic studies of IgA nephropathy in children].
AB  - The distribution of IgA, IgG, IgM and C3 in kidney biopsy specimens from 28
      children with IgA nephropathy were examined by immunoelectron microscopy. In all
      28 patients IgA reaction products (RP) were observed within the mesangial matrix,
      corresponding to electron-dense deposits identified by conventional electron
      microscopy. Occasionally IgA-RP were noted along the peripheral glomerular
      capillary loops: subendothelial 26/28 (93%), intramembranous 15/28 (54%) and
      subepithelial 8/28(29%). The pattern of IgG, IgM, and C3-RP observed in glomeruli
      was similar to that of IgA, but the incidence and intensity of these proteins in
      glomeruli were less than those of IgA. These results suggest that IgA and other
      immunoglobulins were deposited as immune-complex in glomeruli.

PMID- 3699684
TI  - [Electron microscopic study of atypical squamous metaplasia of bronchial
      epithelium, bronchial carcinoma in situ and microinvasive carcinoma during
      development of pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma].
AB  - Cytomorphological differences among severely atypical squamous metaplasia of
      bronchial epithelium, bronchial carcinoma in situ and microinvasive carcinoma
      were examined cytologically and electron microscopically. Cytomorphological
      features were studied by a light microscopy and an electron microscopy in
      bronchial brushing and histopathological preparations obtained from a patient
      with bronchial carcinoma in situ and two patients with microinvasive carcinoma.
      Cytologically, carcinoma in situ cells showed about same size and represented
      round to oval nuclei whose chromatin revealed finely granular and uniform
      pattern. Microinvasive carcinoma cells varied markedly in size. Nuclear
      pleomorphism was also marked in cells whose chromatin revealed sometimes coarsely
      granular and irregular pattern. The ultrastructural features of microinvasive
      carcinoma were more irregular in nuclear outline, abundant in the number of
      perichromatin granules and predominant in formation of fibrillar center than
      those of carcinoma in situ. Cytomorphological features were studied by a light
      microscopy and a transmission electron microscopy in bronchial brushing and
      biopsy preparations obtained from bronchial carcinoma in situ and atypical
      squamous metaplasia induced in dogs by means of bronchial submucosal injections
      of 20-methylcholanthrene. Both the carcinoma in situ and the severely atypical
      squamous metaplasia cells showed the same cytologic findings in that cells were
      about same size, nuclei were round to oval in shape and chromatin was finely
      granular, while the nucleoli of carcinoma in situ cells were relatively
      prominent. However, ultrastructural features indicated that there were
      differences, although some similarities exist, between in situ and severely
      atypical squamous metaplasia in nuclear form, number of perichromatin granules
      and enlargement of the nucleoli. From these findings, it was suggested that there
      were cytomorphological differences between carcinoma in situ and microinvasive
      carcinoma from cytological and ultrastructural aspects. We conclude that
      differentiation between carcinoma in situ cells and those of severely atypical
      squamous metaplasia is sometimes difficult when based only on cytologic features
      but there were cytomorphological differences at the ultrastructural level.

PMID- 3699685
TI  - Thyroid status and noradrenaline-induced regulatory thermogenesis in heat
      acclimated rats.
AB  - Adjustments of the obligatory and regulatory thermogenesis upon heat acclimation
      (34 degrees C) and perchlorate treatment were observed in male rats. Resting
      oxygen consumption measured at neutral temperature was reduced, with respect to
      control, by 23, 27, and 34% in heat acclimated, perchlorate treated, and heat
      acclimated-perchlorate treated rats, respectively. Administration of 0.4 mg NA/kg
      increased oxygen consumption by 40, 30, 5 and 1% above resting level in control,
      heat acclimated, perchlorate treated, and heat acclimated-perchlorate treated
      rats, respectively. Whereas significant interaction was found between the effects
      of thyroid hormones and acclimation temperature on obligatory thermogenesis, the
      interaction of these factors on regulatory thermogenesis was not statistically
      significant. Still, hypothyroidism may be considered a thermoregulatory advantage
      during chronic heat exposure.

PMID- 3699687
TI  - Endogenous dopaminergic inhibition of aldosterone and prolactin secretion is
      apparently not increased in primary aldosteronism.
AB  - To examine the previous suggestion that the endogenous dopaminergic activity
      would be increased in patients with primary aldosteronism, dose-response curves
      of aldosterone and prolactin stimulation by the dopamine antagonist
      metoclopramide were established in a pilot study by injecting metoclopramide 1,
      2.5, and 10 mg i.v. consecutively at hourly intervals to 6 patients with primary
      aldosteronism and 14 healthy volunteers. All three metoclopramide doses induced
      clear-cut rises in aldosterone levels both in patients with primary aldosteronism
      and healthy controls. Basal aldosterone concentration was higher in range in the
      patients but the dose-response curves were nearly parallel one with the other.
      Prolactin responsiveness was also very similar. Thus, the present findings do not
      support the hypothesis of an increase in endogenous dopaminergic activity in
      primary aldosteronism.

PMID- 3699686
TI  - Amiodarone inhibits T4 to T3 conversion and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase
      and malic enzyme levels in rat liver.
AB  - Amiodarone has been found to decrease serum T3 by blocking peripheral T4 5'
      deiodinase. This reduction in T3 levels may contribute to the effectiveness of
      this drug in moderating cardiac arrhythmias. To further characterize the effect
      of amiodarone on thyroid hormone metabolism and biological action, male Sprague
      Dawley rats were thyroidectomized and then fed 500 ug T4 or 50 ug T3 and 500 mg
      amiodarone/kg of powdered diet for 6 to 8 weeks. Hepatic and cardiac levels of
      T4, T3, alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) and malic enzyme (ME) were
      used as indicators of thyroid hormone availability and action at the cellular
      level. Conversion of T4 to T3 was measured in liver homogenates. Serum TSH, T4
      and T3 were also measured. Amiodarone reduced hepatic GPD and ME in
      thyroidectomized rats receiving dietary T4. Liver T4 levels were significantly
      increased by amiodarone and the T3/T4 ratio was reduced (P less than .05).
      Amiodarone inhibited hepatic T4 to T3 conversion and decreased serum T3. The
      decreased T3 action at the cellular level, indicated by the reduction in hepatic
      GPD and ME, is not due to pharmacologic effects of amiodarone since these enzyme
      levels were not affected by amiodarone in thyroidectomized rats replaced with T3.

PMID- 3699688
TI  - Glycaemic control and reticulocyte count in diabetic patients.
AB  - Correlation coefficients between glycosylated haemoglobin, mean fasting
      glycaemia, and reticulocyte count have been assessed in 61 diabetic patients.
      When excluding those with overt anaemia and with serum iron below 12.5 mumol/l,
      the correlations became significant. Thus, reticulocyte count may be a useful
      indicator of glycaemic control (paralleling HbgAIc), provided anaemia and low
      serum iron are excluded.

PMID- 3699689
TI  - Origin of the increased plasma concentration of noradrenaline after feeding.

PMID- 3699690
TI  - Effect of exercise on the pancreatic polypeptide response to food in man.
AB  - Modest elevations in pancreatic polypeptide (PP) have been observed during
      exercise while fasting. To determine whether the PP response to a meal is
      similarly affected by exercise, seven healthy subjects were studied on two
      occasions. First, the postprandial PP response was determined during rest and
      then compared to a meal which was subsequently followed by a 45 min period of
      moderate exercise. Postprandial exercise significantly (P less than 0.01)
      enhanced the plasma PP response to peak levels of 182 +/- 22 pM versus 85 +/- 22
      pM at rest. Concomitantly the plasma glucose fell to a nadir of 84 +/- 4 mg/dl
      which was significantly (P less than 0.01) below the rest level of 129 +/- 8
      mg/dl. Although the rise in PP paralleled the fall in glucose, there was little
      relationship (r = 0.27) between the incremental changes in these two parameters.
      Thus, exercise is a natural setting which augments the plasma PP response to a
      meal. The mechanism may be related to the enhanced cholinergic vagal activity
      associated with the attendant fall in glycemia.

PMID- 3699691
TI  - Effect of physical conditioning on measures of thyroid hormone action.
AB  - Serum thyroid function tests (T4, T3, rT3 and TSH levels) and measures of
      peripheral thyroid hormone action (serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity (DBH)
      and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG] were determined in 6 women before and one
      month after initiating an aerobic physical conditioning program. The same
      measurements were made in a control group of 6 women who did not increase their
      activity during this time. In physically conditioned subjects, the resting heart
      rate decreased from 65.1 +/- 3.9 (mean +/- SE) at baseline to 58.0 +/- 2.9 beats
      per minute after one month (P less than 0.025), indicating an appreciable state
      of physical conditioning was achieved. However, there were no statistically
      significant changes in thyroid function test, serum DBH or SHBG levels in either
      the physically conditioned or the control group. These data indicate that being
      physically conditioned has a negligible effect on thyroid status.

PMID- 3699692
TI  - Exercise-induced blood prolactin variations in trained adult males: a thermic
      stress more than an osmotic stress.
AB  - Blood prolactin (PRL) variations have been linked to temperature and osmotic
      changes in several species. The latter factors are here explored to better
      understand blood PRL responses frequently induced during physical exercise. Since
      body heat generated by exercise can lead to marked body fluid shifts, it was
      postulated that PRL changes observed during exercise could be associated with
      variations in body temperature and/or blood osmolality (OSM). A wide range (38.5
      40.5 degrees C) of rectal temperatures (Tr; used here to appreciate core
      temperatures) were theoretically selected and randomly assigned as targets to
      male runners. Measured by thermistor probe, target Tr were obtained by a
      combination of factors: (a) increases heat production by treadmill running, and
      (b) decreases heat losses by appropriate clothing (decreases evaporation) in
      warmed (decreases radiation) and hypoventilated (decreases convection) laboratory
      conditions. For each subject, target Tr was attained not prior to 30 min after
      initiation of running, and had to be maintained for at least 10 min, for a mean
      (+/- SD) running time of 52.6 +/- 10.0 min. In a first protocol, hypohydration
      was provoked in 26 runners (23.9 +/- 4.7 years) by total restriction of water
      intake. In a second protocol (10 different runners: 22.3 +/- 3.3 years),
      euhydration was maintained by water intake (20 ml/kg body weight). Venous blood
      was sampled at rest before and immediately after the run. PRL was assayed by RIA;
      OSM was measured by freezing point depression; sodium was analyzed by flame
      photometry. At rest, before the heat-producing exercise, mean PRL values were 9.4
      +/- 3.4 ng/ml for both eu/hypohydrated groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3699693
TI  - Steroid 5 alpha-reductase deficiency and posterior urethral valves.
AB  - Posterior urethral valves were seen in a 2-year-old boy who also had steroid 5
      alpha-reductase deficiency. This combination has not been reported before and has
      relevance for the physiology of sexual differentiation.

PMID- 3699694
TI  - Analysis of rat uterine estrogen receptors by high-pressure liquid chromatography
      methods.
AB  - Cytosolic (ERc) and nuclear (ERn) estrogen receptors prepared from rat uteri were
      characterized by size-exclusion and ion-exchange HPLC. The oligomeric ERc eluted
      as a single, sharp peak near the exclusion volume of the gel column; ERn eluted
      as a broad peak. When salt-extracted ERn was partially purified sequentially by
      Sephadex G-200, DEAE-cellulose chromatography and polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis, the partially purified receptor moieties were not
      distinguishable by the sucrose gradient method, but showed characteristic
      retention times in the size-exclusion HPLC column. Further distinction in net
      surface charges was observed between ERc and ERn moieties by ion-exchange high
      pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Molybdate-stabilized ERc was eluted as
      sharp peak at 0.27 M salt gradient. In contrast, fresh extracts of ERn emerged as
      a broad peak in the region of 0.1-0.2 M salt gradient. In the absence of
      molybdate, ERc dissociated into several 4-5 S molecules, which were well resolved
      in the DEAE column. This report, therefore, demonstrates the usefulness of size
      exclusion and ion-exchange HPLC for steroid receptor analysis.

PMID- 3699695
TI  - Staging and treatment with cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisone (CVP) in
      advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphomas.
AB  - Twenty-three consecutive patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphomas were submitted
      to staging procedures including lymphangiography, bone marrow biopsy and
      aspiration, peripheral blood morphological examination, peritoneoscopy with liver
      and spleen biopsy, and in selected patients lymph node biopsies. Extracutaneous
      disease (lymph nodes, bone marrow, liver and spleen) was detected in 12 patients.
      Bone marrow was involved in 25 per cent of the patients at presentation (all
      patients had lymph node involvement) and in two of nine patients with advanced
      disease during the follow-up. Peripheral blood was involved in 65 per cent of the
      patients at presentation (ten patients with advanced disease) and in six of nine
      patients with advanced disease during the follow-up. In 16 patients with advanced
      disease (T3-T4 and/or extracutaneous disease), CVP was given with a 50 per cent
      objective response rate and four complete remissions of 47+, 12+, 19 and 19
      months duration. Median survival of patients with advanced disease was 4 years.

PMID- 3699696
TI  - Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in Jordanians: a histopathological study of 231 cases.
AB  - Our hospital admitted 231 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas between June 1976
      and November 1984. Review of these cases revealed the following profile: ages
      ranged from 1 to 70 years (median: 30 years), 156 males, predominantly children
      and adolescents, and 75 females. Diffuse histiocytic lymphoma accounted for 40.6
      per cent of all cases. Seventeen patients (7 per cent) had nodular lymphomas.
      Fifteen patients, predominantly male children and adolescents, had lymphoblastic
      lymphomas and showed high association with mediastinal mass (47 per cent).
      Extranodal lymphomas mostly of the diffuse histiocytic subtype were diagnosed in
      100 cases (43.3 per cent) and most frequently situated in the small intestine (59
      cases). Burkitt's lymphoma--32 patients (14 per cent)--presented most often in
      male patients during the first decade of life and as an abdominal intestinal
      disease (19 cases). There were four cases of Mediterranean abdominal lymphoma
      (IPSID). Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in Jordanians are mostly of the diffuse
      histiocytic type, are rarely nodular, have a high frequency of extranodal
      involvement and tend to occur in younger age groups. Mediterranean abdominal
      lymphoma is less frequent than previously thought. The use of both of the
      Rappaport and Lukes-Collins classifications demonstrated a high degree of
      reproducibility.

PMID- 3699697
TI  - What's wrong with being a famous psychiatrist?

PMID- 3699698
TI  - Treating a young woman with a mix of affective and personality disorders.

PMID- 3699699
TI  - Ethical issues for the admitting psychiatrist.

PMID- 3699700
TI  - The myth of the aged as asexual: countertransference issues in therapy.

PMID- 3699701
TI  - Families of schizophrenics: a movement in jeopardy.
AB  - The family self-help movement in schizophrenia is in danger of losing its
      effectiveness, the authors believe. Many in the movement seem overly concerned
      with being accepted by professionals and others, which means that they become
      less single-minded in their advocacy for their relatives and for their own needs.
      Family groups are having difficulty maintaining their separate and unique
      identity and are including others who tend to undermine their efforts. The family
      movement in schizophrenia would do well to follow the example of the parents of
      the developmentally disabled in their unswerving devotion to their cause, which
      appears to be the key to their success in achieving greatly increased services
      and funding.

PMID- 3699702
TI  - Assessing support and stress in the social networks of chronic patients.
AB  - The social support network of deinstitutionalized chronic mentally ill patients
      can help moderate life stresses and reduce the need for rehospitalization. The
      authors have developed a list of questions that can be used in assessing the
      various characteristics of a patient's social network, including the number of
      people in the network, the types of roles assumed in each relationship, and the
      nature of behavioral exchanges in each relationship. They believe that research
      on the social networks of chronic patients may provide information that will lead
      to more effective intervention.

PMID- 3699703
TI  - Long-term outcome of network therapy.
AB  - Hospital utilization by crisis-ridden chronic mentally ill persons living in the
      community was studied after their participation in a network therapy program,
      which convenes a social network of relatives and friends to provide continuing
      emotional and practical support for mentally ill individuals and their families.
      The study compared the number of psychiatric hospitalizations and total days
      hospitalized for 20 network therapy participants and 20 nonparticipants before
      and after referral to the program. In a follow-up period ranging from six months
      to two years, the number of hospitalizations fell by 74 percent for participants
      and by 19 percent for nonparticipants. The total number of days hospitalized
      decreased by 76 percent for participants, compared with a 112 percent increase
      for nonparticipants. The results suggest that participants benefit from network
      therapy and that its effect is enduring.

PMID- 3699704
TI  - Capital projects funding for psychiatric hospitals, 1972-1981.
AB  - Data on capital projects funding in nonfederal U.S. hospitals in the years 1972,
      1977, 1978, and 1981 were analyzed to identify changes in the number, cost, and
      funding sources of capital projects in public and private psychiatric hospitals
      and to compare them with changes in public and private general hospitals. The
      study identified three major trends over the ten-year period: a larger decrease
      in the number of capital projects and a larger increase in the average cost per
      project in public psychiatric hospitals compared with other types of hospitals,
      and a greater dependence by all types of hospitals on borrowed money to fund
      capital projects. The author suggests that the decreased number and higher cost
      of capital projects in public psychiatric hospitals may be related to the
      hospitals' increasing reliance over the ten-year period on debt financing rather
      than on government funding. Because of the high costs involved in debt financing-
      costs unrelated to the size of the debt--these hospitals may have consolidated
      their building projects.

PMID- 3699705
TI  - Assessing methods of predicting the need for psychiatric beds.
AB  - Actual psychiatric bed utilization in 16 metropolitan areas was compared with
      projected bed needs in those areas derived from seven common methods of assessing
      the need for inpatient psychiatric services. Six methods significantly
      underpredicted actual use, and one significantly overpredicted actual use.
      Methods that relied on multiple sources, including expert opinion, historical
      use, epidemiologic data, and social indicators, predicted need more accurately
      than those that relied exclusively on expert opinion or historical use. The
      author also found that utilization rates of acute beds in general and specialty
      hospitals kept pace with licensed bed rates at or below 45 to 50 beds per 100,000
      population but remained steady if the number of licensed beds went higher. The
      author recommends reliance on local indicators to plan inpatient services.

PMID- 3699706
TI  - A clinical guide for diagnosing and managing patients with drug-induced
      dysphagia.

PMID- 3699707
TI  - Identifying alcoholism in medical patients.

PMID- 3699708
TI  - Geriatric knowledge test.

PMID- 3699709
TI  - Treatment of gamblers.

PMID- 3699710
TI  - NIMH report. Panel recommends comprehensive program for victims of violent crime.

PMID- 3699711
TI  - Schizophrenic patients, their families, and their friends.

PMID- 3699712
TI  - Hypnosis and hypnotizability: implications for clinical intervention.
AB  - Increasing laboratory and clinical research during the past 25 years has greatly
      enhanced understanding of hypnosis. Drawing on this research, the authors
      illuminate the many factors that define the domain of hypnosis, the most crucial
      of which is individual differences in hypnotizability. The important treatment
      ramifications of this factor are discussed, as are its pathogenic and diagnostic
      possibilities. The authors examine hypnotizability from a developmental
      perspective and conclude with an in-depth discussion of the clinical use of
      hypnosis with children, who have been shown to be particularly susceptible to
      hypnotic suggestion.

PMID- 3699713
TI  - The future of the state mental hospital.
AB  - The author reviews the status of the state mental hospital and the chronic mental
      patient within the psychiatric service system and then examines the hospital's
      evolution from a systems perspective. She predicts that the state mental hospital
      will survive as an integral part of the service system, that it will be one of
      several loci of care for the chronic mentally ill, and that it will continue to
      experience financial and identity crises in the near future. She considers it
      essential that the state mental hospital be seen not as a facility of last resort
      but as one of many agencies that meet the varied needs of the chronic mentally
      ill.

PMID- 3699714
TI  - Needed changes in law and procedure for the chronically mentally ill.
AB  - Three areas of legal change have had major effects on the chronic mentally ill:
      substantive and procedural alterations in civil commitment laws, the limited
      implementation of a constitutionally based right to treatment, and the partial
      recognition of a right to refuse treatment. After discussing these changes, the
      authors make recommendations they believe would be beneficial. Revised civil
      commitment laws should allow greater access to both emergency and ongoing
      involuntary treatment, including reintroduction of a need-for-treatment standard
      and use of informal rules of evidence. The right to treatment should be
      implemented beginning with established constitutional minimums of providing
      reasonable care and safety, reasonably nonrestrictive confinement, and treatment
      to prevent clinical deterioration. Legislation should permit medication of
      involuntarily committed patients without their consent.

PMID- 3699716
TI  - Methodological and conceptual issues in research on social support.
AB  - The research literature suggests that social support moderates the harmful
      effects of stressful life events and helps to regulate an individual's mental and
      physical health. However, the author believes that conceptual and methodological
      flaws in the literature should lead mental health professionals to interpret and
      apply research findings with caution. She reviews and analyzes the major problems
      in the literature, including lack of clear definitions, lack of uniform and
      reliable assessment instruments, failure to consider negative and conflictual
      aspects of support relationships, and inattention to the confounding effects of
      life events, individual differences in needs, and environmental factors on social
      support.

PMID- 3699715
TI  - Ten-year follow-up of drug abusers with acute or chronic psychosis.
AB  - To assess whether long-term outcome of former drug abuse patients who had
      psychotic symptoms was related to duration of psychosis before hospitalization,
      the authors rated the psychiatric, occupational, and residential outcome of 101
      former drug abuse patients based on interviews conducted ten years after their
      admission to a psychiatric hospital. At admission, 45 had had psychotic symptoms
      for six months or more; 26 had had psychotic symptoms for less than six months;
      and 30 had not been psychotic. Seventy-one former psychiatric patients who had
      had a psychotic illness but had not abused drugs were also interviewed and rated.
      Drug abusers with chronic psychosis had significantly worse psychiatric outcome
      than the other drug abusers and significantly worse occupational outcome than
      acutely psychotic drug abusers. The authors conclude that drug abusers with
      chronic psychotic symptoms are a distinct subgroup of drug abusers who suffer
      from major psychotic illness.

PMID- 3699717
TI  - Perspectives on patient noncompliance.
AB  - Patient noncompliance can sabotage the best clinical efforts to provide effective
      treatment. Psychiatrists consulting in a medical setting can promote patient
      compliance by using insights from four conceptual models of psychiatry: medical,
      psychodynamic, behavioral, and social. The authors describe the models and
      illustrate their clinical application with examples from their work with diabetic
      patients.

PMID- 3699718
TI  - Short-term nursing therapy: a conceptual model for inpatient psychiatric care.
AB  - As a result of changing perspectives in psychiatric practice and increasing
      fiscal limits imposed by legislative and economic issues, psychiatric nurses have
      found their traditional models of practice challenged by shortened lengths of
      stay and the need for more efficient assessment and treatment. Short-term nursing
      therapy, which draws on the principles of crisis intervention and brief
      psychotherapy, was developed to provide psychiatric nurses with a cohesive,
      comprehensive nursing philosophy for practical application in changing inpatient
      settings. The authors review the development of the short-term nursing therapy
      concept from the perspective of the changing inpatient milieu and nurse-patient
      relationship. They then discuss the assumptions that constitute its framework, as
      well as other key factors in its implementation.

PMID- 3699720
TI  - A psychiatrist's murder in a mental hospital.

PMID- 3699719
TI  - American psychiatry's fundamental policy is to foster the patient's good.
AB  - As long as psychiatrists are human, there will be episodes of unethical
      psychiatric practice and ineffective, sometimes damaging psychiatric treatment.
      The author argues that these incidents do not detract from the overall integrity
      of the profession, the reality of mental illness, or the increasing
      sophistication of psychiatric treatment and knowledge. Rather than being
      oppressive, as a minority of former patients have charged, the policies of the
      American Psychiatric Association related to patient care are broadly worded
      ethical principles intended to foster the patient's good. The author defends the
      need for involuntary treatment and suggests that controversies surrounding
      involuntary treatment, the insanity defense, and the homeless mentally ill are
      essentially social, legal, and legislative issues in which psychiatry has found
      itself in the middle.

PMID- 3699721
TI  - Hospital milieu treatment and optimal length of stay.

PMID- 3699722
TI  - Second opinions.

PMID- 3699724
TI  - Managing violence.

PMID- 3699723
TI  - Caring for the mentally ill.

PMID- 3699725
TI  - Diversification: no cure-all for hospital ills.

PMID- 3699726
TI  - Blues' data bank: more clout, closer ties?

PMID- 3699727
TI  - Growing contract denials dispirit the nation's PROs.

PMID- 3699728
TI  - Early warning systems can reduce liability risk.

PMID- 3699729
TI  - Successful multis keep staff costs to a minimum.

PMID- 3699730
TI  - Will multis take to the air?

PMID- 3699731
TI  - Multis search for jack-of-all-trades.

PMID- 3699732
TI  - GM's managed care program, one year later.

PMID- 3699733
TI  - Senate undoes part of House's tax reform.

PMID- 3699734
TI  - Bonds: a drop in the bucket.

PMID- 3699736
TI  - Philly hospitals join in shared research project.

PMID- 3699735
TI  - Contract management for marketing: a trend?

PMID- 3699737
TI  - PPA activity starts to sprout in the Lone Star state.

PMID- 3699738
TI  - Emergency physician scarcity spurs contracts.

PMID- 3699739
TI  - Lithotripsy: hospitals take a wait-and-see stance.

PMID- 3699740
TI  - Big lithotripter venture helps out small NC hospital.

PMID- 3699741
TI  - Contracts slash costs and expand new technology.

PMID- 3699742
TI  - Silverware, king-size dice augment DME sales.

PMID- 3699743
TI  - Should hospitals get involved in ADL?

PMID- 3699744
TI  - Study: MIS contract management takes off.

PMID- 3699745
TI  - Hospitals hurdle CON barriers differently.

PMID- 3699746
TI  - Regionalization: a good idea, but is it possible?

PMID- 3699747
TI  - Hospitals and nursing homes: tying the knot.

PMID- 3699748
TI  - Plans under way for Alzheimer's center in Illinois.

PMID- 3699749
TI  - Who will win the current consolidation wars?

PMID- 3699750
TI  - Transplant panel wants criteria on performance set.

PMID- 3699751
TI  - Bitter fruit in California contracting boom?

PMID- 3699752
TI  - National health insurance debate brews again.

PMID- 3699753
TI  - London reinsurers: solve the liability crisis or else.

PMID- 3699754
TI  - Mandatory insurance: a cure for indigence?

PMID- 3699755
TI  - Hospitals call a marketing time-out.

PMID- 3699756
TI  - Asset management badly needed, experts claim.

PMID- 3699757
TI  - Diversification hikes asset return.

PMID- 3699758
TI  - Valuation process gives proper support to asset-management methods.

PMID- 3699759
TI  - Utah puts hospital tax-exemption plan on ballot.

PMID- 3699761
TI  - What's happening to the 'maintenance' in HMOs?

PMID- 3699760
TI  - More small, rurals begin using marketing.

PMID- 3699762
TI  - Medical societies forming HMOs.

PMID- 3699763
TI  - Physician group practices are going up for sale.

PMID- 3699764
TI  - FL pharmacy law reactions mixed.

PMID- 3699765
TI  - Denver OR services: an entrepreneurial backlash?

PMID- 3699766
TI  - AIDS ups direct-donation demand.

PMID- 3699768
TI  - Market with videos--your competition does.

PMID- 3699767
TI  - PROs gear up for their changing health care roles. Interview by Jeffrey Finn.

PMID- 3699769
TI  - Falling fuel prices: what's it to you?

PMID- 3699770
TI  - Cost-conscious hospitals look to self-insurance.

PMID- 3699771
TI  - ProPAC's latest appointee sees changes for RNs.

PMID- 3699772
TI  - NYC braces itself for union unrest.

PMID- 3699773
TI  - Congress pushes VA to share other hospital facilities.

PMID- 3699774
TI  - Heyssel leads Johns Hopkins into new era.

PMID- 3699775
TI  - Hospitals join the battle to stop teen suicides.

PMID- 3699777
TI  - Consumers more opinionated about services.

PMID- 3699776
TI  - Philanthropy provides fiscal edge, leverage.

PMID- 3699778
TI  - Group purchasing marketing research: is it competitive?

PMID- 3699779
TI  - Illinois trauma care: bleeding under pressure.

PMID- 3699780
TI  - Experts: trauma systems improve across the nation.

PMID- 3699781
TI  - States seek to curb awards for pain and suffering.

PMID- 3699782
TI  - Family physicians are in greatest demand now.

PMID- 3699783
TI  - Diabetes programs curtail inpatient stays.

PMID- 3699784
TI  - Dental services round out care.

PMID- 3699785
TI  - The McMahon years: consensus and incentives. Interview by Ted Isaacman.

PMID- 3699786
TI  - Prescription versus generic: the debate goes on.

PMID- 3699787
TI  - FDA guidelines for reusing disposable devices speeded up.

PMID- 3699788
TI  - AHA's clearing a path through rehab jungle.

PMID- 3699789
TI  - Publics are paid to be 'dumped' on.

PMID- 3699790
TI  - Texas transfer law still spurs controversy.

PMID- 3699791
TI  - Outreach works in treating homeless youth.

PMID- 3699792
TI  - 1985 brings no respite from economic pressures.

PMID- 3699794
TI  - Tax on revenues gains popularity.

PMID- 3699793
TI  - The old values will survive the new arrangements.

PMID- 3699795
TI  - AHA offers solutions to malpractice crisis.

PMID- 3699796
TI  - Hospitals take photocopying cost issue to court.

PMID- 3699797
TI  - More hospitals join fight against Ohio Blues plans.

PMID- 3699798
TI  - Alliances move too slowly on insurance: members.

PMID- 3699799
TI  - Alliance execs cite tangible returns.

PMID- 3699800
TI  - SunHealth touts new insurance product.

PMID- 3699801
TI  - Business still most often cited coalition member.

PMID- 3699802
TI  - Business works to cure disability problem.

PMID- 3699803
TI  - 2036: a health care odyssey.

PMID- 3699804
TI  - A unifying concept of malignant melanoma: biologic aspects.

PMID- 3699805
TI  - Melanoma: the art versus the science of dermatopathology.

PMID- 3699806
TI  - The biologic forms of malignant melanoma.

PMID- 3699807
TI  - Carcinoma of the large intestine: animal models and human disease.

PMID- 3699808
TI  - Small noncleaved cell lymphoma: an immunophenotypic study of 18 cases and
      comparison with large cell lymphoma.
AB  - Eighteen cases of small noncleaved cell lymphoma (SNCL) were studied with a large
      panel of monoclonal antibodies applied to tissue frozen sections and compared
      with 18 cases of immunoglobulin-expressing diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLCL).
      Immunoglobulin expression was seen in all cases of SNCL, with a predominance of
      cases showing lambda light chain restriction. Expression of mu and delta heavy
      chains was common, but gamma and alpha chain expression was uncommon. In the
      cases of SNCL T015, B1, B2, 41H, BA-1, BA-2, Ia, CALLA, and OKT10 were generally
      expressed, and a large percentage of cells expressed Ki-67. Only rare expression
      of T05, Leu-8, and Leu-9 was seen, and in no case was reactivity with anti-Tac
      antibodies observed. In contrast, the immunoglobulin-expressing DLCLs showed the
      typical predominance of cases of kappa light chain restriction, a lower
      proportion of cases with mu or delta expression, and a higher proportion of cases
      with gamma expression. A lower incidence of Leu-8, T05, and Tac expression and a
      higher incidence of BA-1, CALLA, Ki-67 and OKT10 were seen in the SNCLs as
      compared with the DLCLs. It is concluded that immunologic studies may be of
      considerable aid in the differential diagnosis of SNCL and DLCL.

PMID- 3699809
TI  - Histologic and clinicopathologic features of Chinese patients with HBsAg-positive
      chronic active hepatitis.
AB  - Needle biopsies of both the right and left lobes of the liver were performed
      during peritoneoscopy in 20 male patients with chronic active hepatitis B in
      Taiwan. Microscopic study of these biopsy specimens led to the recognition of
      three groups: 1) five patients in whom the lobular architecture was easily
      recognizable but in whom necrosis and early intralobular fibrosis were present,
      along with severe chronic inflammation of the portal tracts; 2) seven patients in
      whom the livers were characterized by early septal formation and a good
      regenerative response, but few recognizable lobules with normal architecture; and
      3) eight patients in whom the disease had progressed to severe fibrosis with
      septal formation and tiny pseudolobules, indicative of early cirrhosis. The left
      lobe was the more severely damaged in 16 of the 20 patients.

PMID- 3699810
TI  - Microtubular aggregates within rough endoplasmic reticulum: an unusual
      ultrastructural feature of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma.
AB  - Two extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas were examined by electron microscopy. In
      addition to the well-described ultrastructural features indicative of
      chondroblastic origin, both of these chondrosarcomas had unusual parallel
      microtubules packed within rough endoplasmic reticulum. This paper reviews the
      differential diagnosis of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma and discusses
      ultrastructural examination as a valuable adjunct in the diagnosis of this
      uncommon soft tissue tumor.

PMID- 3699811
TI  - Comparative features of esophageal and gastric adenocarcinomas: recent changes in
      type and frequency.
AB  - One hundred sixty consecutive cases of esophageal and gastric carcinoma were
      reviewed to evaluate the impression of recent changes in their types and
      characteristics. Esophageal adenocarcinomas accounted for 34 per cent of all
      esophageal cancers and 60 per cent of tumors confined to the lower third of the
      esophagus; all but one were associated with Barrett's epithelium. Among the
      gastric cancers, previous observations of an increased prevalence of neoplasms
      confined to the cardia were extended. Proximal adenocarcinomas (arising from the
      esophagus, gastroesophageal junction, and cardia) constituted 34 per cent of all
      adenocarcinomas in this series and appeared to be a distinctive group with common
      features. Compared with other gastric cancers, the proximal carcinomas were
      associated with a lower mean age (65 years), higher male-to-female ratio (3.3:1),
      greater frequency of hiatal hernia (40 per cent), greater incidence of smoking
      and alcohol use, and lower prevalence of tumors composed predominantly of signet
      ring cells. Thus, proximal adenocarcinomas may form a specific category
      etiologically different from distal gastric cancers.

PMID- 3699812
TI  - Vaginal adenosis in women born prior to the diethylstilbestrol era.
AB  - Vaginal adenosis was evaluated in 41 women, all of whom had been born prior to
      the diethylstilbestrol (DES) era, and compared with the adenosis commonly
      encountered in DES-exposed progeny. The patients were 24 to 88 years of age
      (median, 44 years). Six of the women were symptomatic, and in four of these six
      the glands were enmeshed in a marked inflammatory infiltrate. In an additional 26
      women the adenosis was discovered as incidental, nonsymptomatic macroscopic
      nodules or cysts. The remaining nine cases of adenosis were discovered by
      pathologists. Three types of epithelia characterized the glands: mucinous,
      tuboendometrial, and embryonic. Mucinous columnar cells resembling the lining of
      the normal endocervix and tuboendometrial cells resembling the lining of the
      normal fallopian tube or endometrium constituted the glands exclusively in 22 and
      eight specimens, respectively, and as a mixture in seven. The glands lined by
      mucinous cells most often presented clinically as cysts or nodules. The specimens
      composed of tuboendometrial cells were most often discovered on microscopic
      examination. The third type of epithelium, composed of embryonic columnar cells,
      was encountered in four specimens. These glands, less than 30 micron in greatest
      diameter, were located at the junction between the lamina propria and the
      squamous epithelium, and were incidental microscopic findings. It is concluded
      that the microscopic appearances of adenosis in women born prior to the DES era
      are identical to those encountered in young women exposed in utero to DES.

PMID- 3699813
TI  - Histologic parathyroid abnormalities in an autopsy series.
AB  - The parathyroid glands from 422 subjects without clinical, biochemical, or
      advanced histologic signs of renal disease were dissected at autopsy. The glands
      were evaluated histologically in relation to the subjects' age, sex, histologic
      renal features, other diseases, and medical therapy. Normal parathyroid glands
      generally had diffuse cellular arrangements, with variable fat cell content.
      Increased nodularity was observed, especially in enlarged parathyroid glands.
      Hyperplasia was present in 7 per cent and adenomas in 2.4 per cent. Hyperplastic
      glands were often nodular and asymmetric, and numbers of oxyphil cells were
      frequently increased. Some large nodules were histologically indistinguishable
      from adenomas. Serum calcium levels were elevated in subjects with adenomas or
      with hyperplastic glands containing large nodules. The findings seem to indicate
      that nodularity of the parathyroid tissue is a sign of abnormality and that
      adenomas may arise from such nodular hyperplasia. Hyperplasia and adenomas were
      more common in elderly subjects and in those with slight or moderate
      nephrosclerosis. Other diseases or medical therapy were not found to be
      correlated with parathyroid weight or histologic features.

PMID- 3699814
TI  - Fetal gonadoblastoid testicular dysplasia.
AB  - The case of a 950-g male infant born at 28 weeks of gestation with bilateral
      gonadoblastoma-like testicular lesions who lived for one hour is presented. The
      infant had a 46, XY karyotype and multiple congenital anomalies.

PMID- 3699816
TI  - Idiopathic arterial calcification of infancy.

PMID- 3699817
TI  - IUD-associated radiate pseudocolony.

PMID- 3699815
TI  - Epithelial membrane antigen in hematopoietic neoplasms.

PMID- 3699818
TI  - Autopsy rate.

PMID- 3699819
TI  - Genetic analysis of human lymphocyte proteins by two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis. VIII. Genetic polymorphism of cytosol polypeptide with molecular
      weight of 20,000.
AB  - We describe a genetic polymorphism of cytosol polypeptide with mol. wt. of 20,000
      detected in lymphocytes and erythrocytes by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
      Three different electrophoretic phenotypes (type 1-1, 2-1, and 2-2) of the
      polypeptide have been identified in a Japanese population. Family studies
      indicate that the phenotypes are determined by two common alleles at a single
      autosomal locus. The polypeptide is present in the cytosol of various kinds of
      cells and is abundant in erythrocytes. The data on a gel filtration of the
      erythrocyte cytosol proteins on a Sephadex G-100 column suggest that the
      polypeptide exists as a dimer in cells. In nine out of 79 individuals, the
      phenotypes of the polypeptide were different from those of glyoxalase 1 (GLO1)
      which has similar properties in subunit size, cell distribution, and allele
      frequencies. These data indicate that the polypeptide with mol. wt. of 20,000 is
      a new polymorphic cellular polypeptide. We propose that the polypeptide be
      temporarily designated as cytosol polypeptide with mol. wt. of 20,000 (CP20) and
      that the gene for CP20 be designated as CP20. The gene frequencies of two common
      alleles (CP20(1) and CP20(2) are 0.955 and 0.045, respectively, in a Japanese
      population.

PMID- 3699820
TI  - Cytogenetic analysis of chorionic villi: a technical assessment.
AB  - Eighty-five samples of chorionic villi from women undergoing prenatal diagnosis
      at 8 to 12 weeks' gestation were subjected to cytogenetic analysis. Samples were
      prepared by a direct technique that permits limited analysis within two hours and
      by a short-term culture technique that permits detailed structural analysis
      within one week. An adequate number of cell divisions for cytogenetic analysis
      was obtained from 96% of living fetuses. Using both the direct technique and
      short-term culture, satisfactory banded chromosomal preparations were made in 93%
      of cases. Eleven of 12 pregnancies (92%) shown by ultrasound to be dead shortly
      before sampling, had cytogenetic abnormalities. Further studies are needed to
      develop banding definition equivalent to that available on cultured amniocytes.

PMID- 3699821
TI  - Familial pericentric inversion of chromosome 12.
AB  - A pericentric inversion in one of the chromosomes 12, found in two families
      living in the same region, is described. This inversion was detected during
      routine chromosomal analysis in two separate laboratories. The breakpoints were
      at 12p112 and 12q13. The inverted segment represented approximately 20% of the
      length of chromosome 12. Twenty nine descendants of carriers of the inversion
      were investigated, and the inversion was present in 23 of them. The other six
      descendants showed a normal karyotype. After correction for sample bias with the
      single selection scheme, a segregation ratio of 3:1 was estimated, indicating
      that the inverted chromosome 12 was preferentially transmitted. All the carriers
      of the inversion were phenotypically normal, without noticeable fertility
      disturbances.

PMID- 3699822
TI  - High susceptibility for diploidy in ovulated oocytes from XO mice.
AB  - Adult female mice of the "sensitive" NMRI/Han strain ovulate diploid oocytes
      after gonadotropin treatment. Other mouse strains are "non-sensitive" with
      respect to the ovulation of such diploid oocytes. In this study we combined the
      impaired ovarian situation in the XO karyotype with the trait "diploidy", which
      is determined genetically, by mating Ta/O (Ta = Tabby) females of C3H X 101
      background to males of the NMRI/Han strain. The adult female F1 hybrids were
      stimulated to ovulation by gonadotropins and identified by their karyotype (XX or
      XO). The cytogenetic analysis of ovulated oocytes revealed a low level of
      diploidy in the XX littermates (1.0%), but a very high level in females with the
      XO karyotype (24.6%). All of the XO females ovulated at least one diploid oocyte.
      We suggest that it is the XO status which drastically impairs meiosis I in our
      "gonadotropin-sensitive" F1 females due to (1) alterations of the developmental
      program within the oocyte, (2) a disturbed communication between oocyte and
      follicle, (3) a preferential maturation and ovulation of "follicles at risk", or
      (4) an exceptional recruitment of many such follicles, by, e.g., a premature
      responsiveness to gonadotropins in our XO females. An interdependence of several
      such mechanisms is possible.

PMID- 3699823
TI  - Chromosome studies in human in vitro fertilization.
AB  - The chromosome constitution of 22 human preimplantation embryos from donor
      oocytes fertilized in vitro by donor sperm was studied to assess the contribution
      of lethal chromosome anomalies to the high failure rate of implantation of in
      vitro fertilized embryos after embryo transfer in infertile women. Evidence was
      found of nondisjunction, resulting in trisomy, monosomy, and nullosomy;
      structural abnormalities; haploidy; and triploidy. Despite the lethality of their
      chromosome complements, these embryos could not be distinguished morphologically
      from those with normal chromosomes.

PMID- 3699824
TI  - Genetic polymorphism of human complement component C81 in the Japanese
      population.
AB  - Genetic polymorphism of human C81 has been investigated using polyacrylamide gel
      isoelectric focusing (PAGIEF) in the presence of 3.1 M urea followed by
      electroblotting with enzyme immunoassay. In 448 individuals phenotypes of C81
      were classified into three common and four rare patterns, and these were
      considered to be controlled by two common alleles, C81 A and C81 B, and three
      rare alleles which were tentatively designated C81 A1J and C81 A2J for acidic
      variants and C81 B1J for the basic variant. The alleles of C81 A2J and C81 B1J
      are new rare alleles, but C81 A1J might correspond to C81 A1 in the former
      studies. Family data were in accordance with the hereditary rules. The gene
      frequencies were estimated as C81 A is 0.6228, C81 B is 0.3672, C81 A1J is
      0.0078, C81 A2J is 0.0011, and C81 B1J is 0.0011, respectively. The gene
      frequencies of the two common alleles agreed approximately with other ethnic
      groups. PAGIEF of neuraminidase-treated plasma samples followed by
      electroblotting with enzyme immunoassay is applicable to the study of
      heterogeneity of C81.

PMID- 3699825
TI  - [10 years' activity of the IUHE (International Union for Health Education)].
AB  - During the 1975-85 decade, health education has taken on a new dimension,
      particularly after the Alma-Ata conference on primary health care (PHC). The
      enlarged concept of PHC has contributed to the evolution of the policy of the
      International Union for Health Education (IUHE). The IUHE has today five main
      objectives: 1) assert the role of health education in the socio-economic
      development of communities; 2) facilitate, by organizing lectures, seminars and
      working groups, exchanges between those responsible for the sanitary aspects of
      socio-economic development; 3) take part in increasing the knowledge concerning
      the role of education in the promotion, protection and recovery of health; 4)
      ensure the international circulation of publications and research pertaining to
      health education; 5) develop working relations with international organizations
      as well as NGOs and governments. The policy of the IUHE has evolved together with
      the concept of health education and this has meant structural changes: involving
      the regionalization of its activities through five regional offices. The IUHE
      services its members today through five regional offices: the one for Africa,
      operational since 1976; the one for North America, created in 1977; the South
      East Asian regional bureau, founded in 1983; the European bureau which was opened
      in 1968; and the bureau for the Northern part of Western Pacific which is only
      one year old and has its headquarters in Seoul (Republic of Korea). This new
      structure has enabled the IUHE to considerably develop its activities throughout
      the world.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3699826
TI  - In the United States. A curriculum framework for preparing health educators.

PMID- 3699827
TI  - [In the Argentinian Republic, health education activities for and with the entire
      community].
AB  - To be efficient, health education must be part of the economic social and
      cultural development of the target populations and must facilitate the
      interdisciplinary and multisectorial participation of the community. Argentina
      with its geographical immensity, heterogeneous cultural and socio-economic
      conditions, makes it necessary to establish health and educational structures
      adapted to each particular region. The Argentinian Committee for health education
      of the populations participates intensively in the training of health teams,
      volunteers and above all teachers. These represent the best distributed socio
      professional category in the country, where they exert a strong influence on
      children and their family and contribute thus to the promotion of a healthy
      youth.

PMID- 3699828
TI  - Media and health must forge a partnership.

PMID- 3699829
TI  - [In Burkina Faso: general mobilization in favor of the "vaccination commando"].
AB  - A vaccination nationwide campaign against measles, meningitis and yellow fever
      was organized in Burkina Faso (former Upper Volta) from November 25 to December
      10, 1984. All children between 0 and 14 years, not yet vaccinated, were to be
      immunized. The campaign called "vaccination commando" was preceded by a study of
      the population's behaviour. This led to the creation of an interministerial
      committee to implement a multidisciplinary and a multi-sectoral approach. Village
      and district committees were set up to establish lists of children to be
      vaccinated, mobilize the community, and organize the vaccination sessions. A
      guide for health workers, schoolteachers and parents was also published. All
      available means of information were used to publicize the campaign. The most
      useful media was radio which covers the entire country. Round table discussions
      took place on television. Slides and short films were used in primary and
      secondary schools. Poems and songs were written for theatre shows. Posters were
      designed and displayed in towns and villages. More than 100,000 fliers were
      distributed. Once the campaign over, an evaluation showed that the vaccination
      rate was almost 100% and that it had become a routine activity for all health
      workers. Health education was an essential factor in the campaign's success.

PMID- 3699830
TI  - Inter-sectoral coordination for primary health care through education.

PMID- 3699831
TI  - Some general principles and opportunities for specific strategies in health
      education.

PMID- 3699833
TI  - The need for health education in Zimbabwe findings from a household survey.

PMID- 3699832
TI  - Attitudes of secondary school students in two countries.

PMID- 3699834
TI  - Health education in Italy.

PMID- 3699835
TI  - Genetic variants of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in the Indonesian
      populations.
AB  - Blood samples from 2,091 individuals representing 14 Indonesian populations (11
      Austronesian and 3 non-Austronesian speakers) have been tested
      electrophoretically for 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD). Two common
      alleles, PGDA and PGDC are found in all populations studied, and the phenotype
      distribution agrees well with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The PGDC gene
      frequency varies from as low as 3.5% in the Galelarese to 29% in the Asmat. In
      general, the PGDC allele seems to decrease in frequency towards the west. A low
      frequency of PGDC in the Galelarese, a non-Austronesian-speaking population, is
      thought to be the result of admixture of Austronesian genes, which has not led to
      language change. In addition to the common alleles, a new variant, PGD A-Lombok,
      is also described.

PMID- 3699836
TI  - Association of red cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase with
      haemoglobinopathies.
AB  - A total of 1,112 randomly selected Saudi Arabs, of both sexes, living in Jeddah
      and the surrounding areas were screened for the phenotypic distribution of red
      cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and 6-phosphogluconate
      dehydrogenase (6PGD). They were also investigated for haemoglobin and for
      thalassaemia. Phenotyping of the haemoglobins and the red cell enzymes was
      carried out by starch gel electrophoresis and the dye-decolouration screening
      test, while the investigation for thalassaemia was carried out by globin-chain
      biosynthesis, followed by column chromatography. The red cell Gd- alleles were
      significantly associated with the sickle-cell gene in both the males (chi 2(1):
      AS-28.80; SS-4.89) and females (chi 2(1): AS-10.99; SS-13.16). A similar
      association was also observed between G6PD deficiency and thalassaemias in males
      (chi 2(1): alpha-thalassaemia - 3.13; beta-thalassaemia - 11.06) and females (chi
      2(1): alpha-thalassaemia - 6.63). However, no such association was detected
      between red cell 6PGD types and haemoglobin genes. The results suggest that the
      red cell G6PD deficiency, sickle-cell and thalassaemia genes might have evolved
      as a result of the same ecological factor, probably malaria.

PMID- 3699837
TI  - Patterns of social and geographical distribution of transferrin subtype
      polymorphism in India.
AB  - Transferrin subtypes have been determined by isoelectric focussing of sera from
      536 individuals belonging to 9 South Indian populations: Vaidic Brahmins and
      Vaysya from Andhra Pradesh; Havik Brahmin, Lingayat and Jenu Kuruba from
      Karnataka; Namboodri Brahmin, Ezhava and Urali from Kerala; and Kallan from Tamil
      Nadu. C1 and C2 alleles are present in all the populations, whereas C4 is totally
      lacking and D1 occurs only in 3 populations. The highest frequency of C1 gene
      (0.814) is found in Havik Brahmins while C2 shows highest incidence among the
      tribe Urali. C1 occurs in slightly higher frequencies among the Hindu castes
      (range 0.724-0.814) than the tribal populations (range 0.698-0.703). C2 is more
      common in the tribes (range 0.281-0.290) compared to the castes (range 0.186
      0.269). Strikingly the C3 allele is absent in all the 3 Brahmin samples but is
      present in 3 non-Brahmin castes and a tribal population. An examination of all
      the available data on Tf subtypes in India reveals no clear-cut decreasing north
      south gradient in C1 gene as suggested by Walter et al. (1983). Interestingly,
      however, the same is observed when tribal populations are considered separately.
      Among the castes, in fact, the opposite trend (increasing north to south) is
      seen. It is suggested that the basic postulate of Walter et al. (1983) will hold
      good only among the tribal populations of the country. The data do not fully
      support the observation of Kamboh and Kirk (1983) that C3 is a specific marker of
      European (Caucasian) populations.

PMID- 3699838
TI  - Glyoxylase I phenotypes in some endogamous populations of Andhra Pradesh, India.
AB  - The distribution of glyoxylase (GLO) I phenotypes in six endogamous subgroups of
      Brahmins and in the Mala and Madiga castes of Andhra Pradesh was investigated.
      The GLO I gene frequencies ranged from 0.2444 to 0.3575. The frequency of 0.3565
      found in the Mala is the highest recorded on the Indian subcontinent.

PMID- 3699839
TI  - 22 new data on the association between the glyoxalase I and haptoglobin loci.
AB  - No association between GLO and Hp was found in three Brazilian samples (153
      Whites, 216 Blacks from Porto Alegre and 564 mixed individuals from Aracaju). In
      a sample of 174 Blacks (settled along the Trombetas river) a moderate (p less
      than 0.02) association was found, but not of the same kind as that observed by
      other authors. Population stratification instead of interactions in fitness may
      explain our findings.

PMID- 3699840
TI  - G1m(1) and G1m(2) allotypes in Albanian towns of Calabria.
AB  - The G1m(1) and G1m(2) allotype distribution was analyzed in a population sample
      from 11 Albanian towns of Calabria. The unusually high frequency of the G1m(1)
      marker already observed in Calabria as well as the presence of the Gm(2)
      phenotype were shown. The Calabrian and Albanian populations were similar, but
      significantly different from other Italian populations.

PMID- 3699842
TI  - C3 variants and disease.
AB  - The distribution of C3 variants in dermatitis herpetiformis, thyroid cancer,
      spinal muscular atrophy, multiple sclerosis and psoriasis was studied, and also
      the Bf phenotype distribution in thyroid cancer. In thyroid cancer there was a
      significant deficit of heterozygotes for the C3 locus, a possible decrease in the
      C3F allele frequency and a significant elevation of frequency of the BfF allele.
      The possible involvement of these alleles in susceptibility to thyroid cancer
      appears worth further examination.

PMID- 3699841
TI  - Haptoglobin phenotypes in dementia of the Alzheimer type.
AB  - Previous investigations of the association of haptoglobin (Hp) with dementia of
      the Alzheimer type (DAT) have reported contradictory results. In the present
      study, we phenotyped 69 patients clinically diagnosed as having DAT and, for
      comparison, 64 cognitively intact individuals. We failed to find a significant
      association between either of the Hp alleles and DAT. Instead, we observed a
      nonsignificant decrease in the Hp-1 gene frequency in the DAT population (0.34)
      as compared to our normal elderly comparison group (0.41).

PMID- 3699843
TI  - [Local therapy of psoriasis with placental extract].

PMID- 3699844
TI  - [Nevus flammeus of the face and correlated syndromes].

PMID- 3699845
TI  - [Pruritus sine materia and prurigo. I. Pruritus sine materia].

PMID- 3699846
TI  - [Patau's syndrome. Description of a clinical case with special reference to its
      dermatologic aspects].

PMID- 3699847
TI  - [Gingival hyperplasia caused by nifedipine].

PMID- 3699848
TI  - [Fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis. Presentation of 2 cases].

PMID- 3699849
TI  - [PUVA therapy and ophthalmologic risk in psoriasis patients].

PMID- 3699850
TI  - [Treatment of cutaneous angiomas with the argon laser].

PMID- 3699851
TI  - [Chilblains: histopathologic considerations on 3 cases].

PMID- 3699852
TI  - Equine leukocyte antigens: relationships with sarcoid tumors and laminitis in two
      pure breeds.
AB  - Frequencies of equine leukocyte antigen distribution were determined by
      complement-mediated cytotoxicity testing among populations of Thoroughbred and
      Standardbred horses, including animals affected with equine sarcoid and
      laminitis. A highly significant association is described between the presence or
      history of sarcoid lesions in Thoroughbreds and the expression of the major
      histocompatibility complex (MHC)-encoded antigens, W3 and B1. No association was
      found between antigenic expression frequencies and laminitis in either breed.
      These findings suggest that a strong relationship exists between the equine MHC
      and a predisposition to sarcoid.

PMID- 3699853
TI  - An evolutionary conserved rabbit T-cell receptor beta-chain variable region.

PMID- 3699854
TI  - Comparison of tablet and liquid antacid in the treatment of duodenal ulcer.

PMID- 3699855
TI  - Pancreatico-colonic fistula.

PMID- 3699856
TI  - Bernard-Soulier syndrome presenting as recurrent exsanguinating haematemesis.

PMID- 3699857
TI  - Double GJ--a possible solution to difficult cases of post gastrojejunostomy
      organic stomal obstruction.

PMID- 3699858
TI  - Pancreatic diabetes mellitus and multiple pancreatic abscesses.

PMID- 3699859
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach.

PMID- 3699860
TI  - Crohn's conundrum in Indians.

PMID- 3699861
TI  - Noncaseating granulomatous inflammatory lesions of experimental tuberculosis in
      dogs and guinea pigs.

PMID- 3699862
TI  - Are there ethnic differences in inflammatory bowel disease?

PMID- 3699863
TI  - Development of in vitro correlate of cell mediated immunity following Japanese
      encephalitis inactivated vaccine among laboratory personnel.

PMID- 3699864
TI  - Humoral immune response in women using intrauterine contraceptive device.

PMID- 3699865
TI  - Cytochemical studies in non-Hodgkin lymphomas.

PMID- 3699866
TI  - Immunopathology & prognosis in Henoch-Schonlein glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 3699867
TI  - Effect of diethylcarbamazine on lipid metabolism of Setaria digitata.

PMID- 3699868
TI  - HDL: total cholesterol & HDL2:HDL3 cholesterol ratios in liver diseases.

PMID- 3699870
TI  - Dermatoglyphic diversity in congenital heart defects.

PMID- 3699869
TI  - Neutrophil chemotaxis in psoriasis.

PMID- 3699871
TI  - Effects of DEC on urinary histamine in patients with tropical eosinophilia.

PMID- 3699872
TI  - Exogenous insulin administration & reversion of altered liver function following
      portacaval shunt construction.

PMID- 3699873
TI  - Efficacy of periodic deworming in an urban slum population for parasite control.

PMID- 3699874
TI  - Antifertility effect of neem oil in female albino rats by the intravaginal & oral
      routes.

PMID- 3699875
TI  - Major factors in diarrhoea related mortality among rural children.

PMID- 3699876
TI  - Effect of feeding Carum copticum seeds on serum lipids, high density lipoproteins
      & serum cholesterol binding reserve in the albino rabbits.

PMID- 3699877
TI  - Utilization of health services in Madras City.

PMID- 3699878
TI  - Side effects of levamisole.

PMID- 3699879
TI  - Effects of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia on vasodilatation in the rabbit.
AB  - Vasodilator substances act either directly on vascular smooth muscle (e.g.,
      adenosine) or indirectly (e.g., acetylcholine) on endothelial cells that respond
      by releasing an unknown powerful, short-lived relaxing factor. To determine
      whether chronic hypertension or hypercholesterolemia or both would alter the
      release of the endothelium-derived relaxing factor, experiments were performed in
      hypertensive rabbits (5-week cellophane wrap perinephritis; mean blood pressure,
      134.7 mm Hg) and normotensive rabbits (mean blood pressure, 80 mm Hg) with a
      Doppler flow transducer and perivascular balloon implanted on the lower abdominal
      aorta. Rabbits were fed either 1% cholesterol or control diet for 4 weeks before
      the experiment. On the day of the experiment, resting hindlimb vascular
      resistance was greatest in hypertensive rabbits fed 1% cholesterol diet, followed
      (in descending order) by hypertensive rabbits, normotensive rabbits fed 1%
      cholesterol diet, and normotensive rabbits. Pharmacological autonomic reflex
      blockade was induced, and steady state intravenous infusion curves to
      acetylcholine, serotonin, and adenosine were constructed. Sensitivity (location
      of effective dose, 50%) to the three vasodilator agents was altered less than
      twofold from the values in normotensive rabbits for any treatment group. The
      maximum vasodilator response to acetylcholine, but not to adenosine or serotonin,
      infusion was reduced significantly in the treated rabbits compared with that in
      normal rabbits. Reactive hyperemic responses to 5 to 80 seconds of ischemia were
      not significantly different among the treatment groups. These results indicate
      that hypertension with or without hypercholesterolemia does not greatly alter the
      responsiveness of the hindlimb resistance vasculature to these three vasodilator
      agents or to ischemia.

PMID- 3699880
TI  - Bumetanide-sensitive sodium-22 transport in vascular smooth muscle cell of the
      spontaneously hypertensive rat.
AB  - The effect of bumetanide, a known probe of Na+, K+ cotransport, on 22Na+ uptake
      and washout was examined in serially passed cultured vascular smooth muscle cells
      of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY), and Wistar
      rats. In Ca2+-deficient medium, the drug exerted the greatest effect on 22Na+
      washout in vascular smooth muscle cells from SHR and the least effect on cells
      from WKY. The respective mean values for the apparent bumetanide-sensitive 22Na+
      washout rate constants (Ke; X 10(-2)/min) were 7.2, 4.3, and 1.7 for cells from
      SHR, WKY, and Wistar rats. In both 1 mM Ca2+ and Ca2+-deficient medium, in the
      presence of 1 mM ouabain, vascular smooth muscle cells from SHR had the highest
      plateau phase of 22Na+ uptake among the three cell preparations. All cells
      exhibited higher 22Na+ uptake in Ca2+-deficient medium than in 1 mM Ca2+ medium.
      Under this condition, bumetanide caused an additional rise in steady state 22Na+
      uptake that was most pronounced in cells from SHR (21.3% versus 16.6% for Wistar
      rats and 4.8% for WKY). This finding indicates that a quantitatively greater
      inhibition of washout than of the uptake component of the bumetanide-sensitive
      22Na+ transport occurs in Ca2+-deficient medium. It is concluded that, in Ca2+
      deficient medium, the bumetanide-sensitive 22Na+ washout is higher in vascular
      smooth muscle cells of SHR than in those of normotensive controls and that this
      phenomenon reflects a higher Na+ turnover in vascular smooth muscle cell in the
      hypertensive rat strain.

PMID- 3699881
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of adenosine in conscious hypertensive and normotensive rats.
AB  - Mean arterial pressure and heart rate were measured during intra-aortic arch
      (i.a.a.), intravenous, and suprarenal artery (s.r.a.) infusions of adenosine in
      conscious, unrestrained normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and spontaneously
      hypertensive rats (SHR) in the absence and presence of ganglionic blockade. In
      both groups, i.a.a. and i.v. infusions of adenosine induced comparatively larger
      dose-dependent reductions in mean arterial pressure than did s.r.a. infusions. In
      WKY, i.a.a. and i.v. infusions of adenosine were equipotent in reducing mean
      arterial pressure. In contrast, i.a.a. infusion of adenosine was approximately
      twice as potent as i.v. infusion in SHR. Also, SHR were approximately 6.5 and 2.6
      times more sensitive to i.a.a. and i.v. infusions of adenosine, respectively,
      than were WKY. Further, i.a.a. and s.r.a. infusions of adenosine caused
      tachycardia in WKY, while i.v. infusions did not alter heart rate. In SHR,
      neither i.a.a. nor s.r.a. infusion of adenosine altered heart rate, but i.v.
      infusion induced a profound bradycardia. In ganglionic-blocked WKY that received
      a norepinephrine infusion to restore blood pressure and heart rate to pre
      ganglionic blockade levels, depressor responses to i.a.a. infusion of adenosine
      were unchanged while the increase in heart rate was abolished. In SHR, ganglionic
      blockade markedly decreased the depressor response to i.a.a. and i.v. infusions
      of adenosine and abolished the bradycardic response to i.v. infusion. These
      results suggest that adenosine is an effective hypotensive agent in both WKY and
      SHR; however, marked between-strain differences exist in the cardiovascular
      response to adenosine. These differences most likely are due to changes in
      adenosine-pulmonary interactions and increases in the importance of adenosine
      autonomic interactions in SHR.

PMID- 3699882
TI  - Evidence for increased levels of a circulating ouabainlike factor in essential
      hypertension.
AB  - The effect of plasma from normotensive and hypertensive subjects on the binding
      of [3H]ouabain on human erythrocytes was investigated. The binding of [3H]ouabain
      on human erythrocytes was saturable and highly specific; linear Scatchard plots
      indicated the presence of a single type of binding site. Human plasma decreased
      the binding of [3H]ouabain on its receptor to a greater extent than could be
      accounted for by the plasma potassium concentration. The level of this
      circulating ouabainlike factor (or factors) was quantitated using a radioreceptor
      assay. Plasma from 22 hypertensive subjects (systolic blood pressure greater than
      160 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure greater than 90 mm Hg) displayed higher
      levels than that from 24 normotensive subjects; furthermore there was a positive
      and significant correlation (r = 0.42, n = 46, p less than 0.004) between the
      ouabainlike content and the individual subject's systolic blood pressure. The
      receptor assay described is relatively simple and should be useful for further
      work on the nature and clinical importance of the endogenous ouabainlike factor.

PMID- 3699883
TI  - The effect of age and sodium depletion on cardiovascular response to orthostasis.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that normal age-related limitations in cardiovascular
      homeostasis may become clinically significant under stress, the cardiovascular
      response to postural change was assessed in six young and six old healthy
      subjects before and after modest diuretic-induced sodium depletion. Before
      diuresis, systolic blood pressure was maintained (from 110 +/- 4 to 113 +/- 6 mm
      Hg) while heart rate increased 22% (from 67 +/- 2 to 82 +/- 5 beats/min) at 3
      minutes after 60-degree upright tilt in young subjects. After a significant
      diuretic-induced weight reduction and natriuresis, the young again maintained
      systolic blood pressure (from 110 +/- 4 to 110 +/- 6 mm Hg) and increased heart
      rate 49% (from 68 +/- 2 to 101 +/- 5 beats/min; p less than 0.05, compared with
      prediuresis values) in response to the same postural stimulus. During the
      prediuresis tilt, the older subjects showed no change in systolic blood pressure
      (from 132 +/- 4 to 134 +/- 6 mm Hg) and a 9% increase in heart rate (from 68 +/-
      3 to 74 +/- 2 beats/min). After a similar significant weight reduction and sodium
      loss, the older subjects showed a significant reduction in systolic blood
      pressure (from 132 +/- 6 to 108 +/- 6 mm Hg; p less than 0.05) and a 17% increase
      in heart rate (from 69 +/- 4 to 81 +/- 3 beats/min; p less than 0.05) during tilt
      compared with values in young subjects. Three of six elderly subjects noted
      postural symptoms. These results suggest that, although the healthy old may
      appear well compensated under optimal conditions, decreased cardiovascular
      reserve renders them susceptible to postural change following mild sodium
      depletion.

PMID- 3699884
TI  - Effect of hemin on the physiology and virulence of Bacteroides gingivalis W50.
AB  - Bacteroides gingivalis W50 was grown in a chemostat under steady-state conditions
      at pH 7.5 +/- 0.2 and a constant growth rate of 6.9 h for periods of up to 6
      weeks (146 bacterial generations) in a complex medium. Hemin was capable of
      limiting the growth of cells up to a concentration of approximately 0.5
      micrograms/ml since higher concentrations of hemin did not increase cell yields;
      cells grew in the absence of exogenously added vitamin K1. Only a limited number
      of amino acids was metabolized during growth, but because none of these was
      totally depleted, the limiting nutrient under hemin excess conditions was
      probably a peptide. A range of fermentation products was produced under all
      conditions of growth; higher concentrations of cytotoxic metabolites such as
      propionate and butyrate were formed under hemin excess conditions, although more
      ammonia was released under hemin limitation. When viewed by electron microscopy,
      cells grown under hemin limitation appeared to be either coccobacillary or short
      rods and possessed few fimbriae per cell, but large numbers of extracellular
      vesicles could be seen both surrounding the cell surface and free in the
      environment. In contrast, cells grown under hemin excess conditions were more
      commonly coccus shaped and were more heavily fimbriated but had fewer
      extracellular vesicles. Marked differences were found in the susceptibility of
      mice to infection with cells grown under different concentrations of hemin. Cells
      transferred to media without any added hemin were avirulent, whereas those grown
      under conditions of hemin limitation (0.33 and 0.40 micrograms/ml) produced a 20
      and 50% mortality in mice, respectively. In contrast cells grown under hemin
      excess always caused 100% mortality in mice, although this virulence was dose
      dependent. When virulent, the bacteria caused an extensive, spreading infection
      with necrosis of the skin and subcutaneous tissues. Collagen disintegration was
      seen histologically, implying a role for collagenase production in the
      pathogenicity of these bacteria.

PMID- 3699885
TI  - Pathophysiology of experimental leishmaniasis: pattern of development of
      metastatic disease in the susceptible host.
AB  - A clear understanding of the etiology of the various forms of leishmaniasis will
      require knowledge of how physiological properties of the parasite and host
      immunity influence the pattern of development of the disease. Of particular
      importance are how these factors affect the growth rate of Leishmania spp. at the
      site of inoculation in the skin, their capacity to disseminate to visceral and
      distant cutaneous sites, and their capacity to multiply once there. This paper
      details the pattern of development of disseminated Leishmania major infection in
      susceptible BALB/c nu/+ and BALB/c nu/nu mice. It was found that the parasite
      disseminates from the hind footpad to distant cutaneous sites soon after
      metastatic foci are established in the liver and spleen. Both mononuclear
      phagocytes and neutrophils may be the vehicles for the transport of the parasite
      in the blood. Once visceral and cutaneous metastases are established, the
      parasites in those foci increase in number progressively. L. major has the
      capacity to multiply at visceral and cutaneous sites at the same rate. Despite
      the presence of viable parasites in a number of skin sites, cutaneous metastatic
      lesions developed almost exclusively on the feet and the tail. Furthermore, these
      lesions appeared to develop preferentially at sites near joints, suggesting that
      factors other than temperature may influence the development of cutaneous
      metastatic lesions.

PMID- 3699886
TI  - Properties of dermonecrotic toxin prepared from sonic extracts Bordetella
      bronchiseptica.
AB  - A toxin with dermonecrotic activity (DNT) was purified from sonic extracts of
      Bordetella bronchiseptica L3 of pig origin at phase I by chromatographic and
      electrophoretic methods. The purification procedure was one developed for
      obtaining the Pasteurella multocida DNT from sonic extracts with some
      modifications. Dermonecrotizing activity of B. bronchiseptica-purified DNT was
      increased by 600-fold compared with that of the crude extract, and the average
      yield was about 3%. The toxin was homogeneous, as determined by Ouchterlony
      double immunodiffusion, crossed immunoelectrophoresis, and disk isoelectric
      focusing in polyacrylamide gels. The toxin gave a single band on polyacrylamide
      disk gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and sodium dodecyl sulfate-SDS PAGE. The
      molecular weight of the toxin was ca. 190,000 +/- 5,000, as determined by SDS
      PAGE. The isoelectric point of the toxin was ca. 6.5 to 6.6. The minimal
      necrotizing dose of the toxin for guinea pigs was about 2 ng of protein per 0.1
      ml, the 50% lethal dose per mouse was about 0.3 micrograms, and the minimal
      cytotoxic dose for embryonic bovine lung cells was about 2 ng/ml. The toxin was
      heat labile and sensitive to inactivation by trypsin, Formalin, and
      glutaraldehyde. The mildly trypsinized B. bronchiseptica DNT preparation
      dissociated into two polypeptide chains, with molecular weights of ca. 75,000 +/-
      4,000 (fragment 1) and ca. 118,000 +/- 5,000 (fragment 2), after treatment with
      dithiothreitol-SDS or urea. Upon removal of dithiothreitol and urea from the
      dissociated DNT preparation, the fragments reassociated, and the DNT that was
      formed was indistinguishable from the native toxin.

PMID- 3699887
TI  - Chemotactic response to formate by Campylobacter concisus and its potential role
      in gingival colonization.
AB  - Cells of Campylobacter concisus 288 were chemotactic toward formate, but not to
      any other compound tested. Chemicals that were not chemoattractants included 20
      sugars, inorganic salts, amino acids, and their derivatives, purines and
      pyrimidines, fatty acids, and natural mixtures such as saliva, serum, crevicular
      fluid, and mucin. Chemotaxis was measured quantitatively by a modification of the
      capillary method. Cells were suspended in 0.01 M Tris buffer, pH 7.5,
      supplemented with 5 mM KCl, 0.1% Na2S2O3, and 0.1 mM dithiothreitol. Whole,
      parotid, and submandibular salivas were also suitable as chemotaxis buffers.
      Optimum response (0.4 X 10(6) to 1.5 X 10(6) cells per capillary) for chemotaxis
      occurred with 5 X 10(-2) M formate at 30 degrees C for 60 min. At 5 to 15 degrees
      C, cells were motile, but chemotaxis was not detected. Glutamine, asparagine,
      homoserine, and methionine inhibited formate chemotaxis at threshold
      concentrations of 0.1 to 1.0 mM, whereas the threshold for all other amino acids
      tested was 50 mM. Sugars and fatty acids at concentrations up to 0.1 M did not
      inhibit formate chemotaxis. C. concisus 484, Wolinella recta 371, W. curva VPI
      9584, and W. succinogenes 602 were also chemotactic to formate, but C. fetus
      subsp. jejuni VPI H641 and C. fetus subsp. intestinalis VPI 1176 were not. Motile
      bacteria harvested directly from subgingival plaque were also chemotactic to
      formate and, to a lesser extent, lactate. Selected sugars, other fatty acids, and
      amino acids did not serve as chemoattractants for these plaque bacteria.

PMID- 3699888
TI  - Serum and salivary antibody responses in rats orally immunized with Streptococcus
      mutans carbohydrate protein conjugate associated with liposomes.
AB  - In this study we describe the preparation of a Streptococcus mutans vaccine
      consisting of a purified polysaccharide antigen, derived from S. mutans OMZ175
      serotype f, covalently coupled through reductive amination to a previously
      isolated 74,000-molecular-weight (74K) cell wall protein which interacts with
      saliva proteins (74K-SR). We also investigated the local and systemic immune
      response to the poly-74K-SR conjugate after oral administration of the conjugate
      associated with liposomes. Intragastric administration of liposome-associated
      poly-74K-SR conjugate in rats produced a local immunoglobulin A (IgA) response
      directed against the polysaccharide and the cell surface protein, whereas
      liposome-associated polysaccharide was unable to induce any detectable local IgA
      response. The antigenicity of the polysaccharide in the conjugate was not
      affected by the coupling reaction, while that of the cell surface protein was
      reduced. We showed that the immunogenicity of S. mutans polysaccharide could be
      improved by chemical coupling with a carrier cell surface protein. If such a
      conjugate were orally administered with liposomes it could constitute a potential
      vaccine against dental caries.

PMID- 3699889
TI  - Outer membrane protein profiles of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae.
AB  - Outer membrane protein profiles of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae were examined by
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Cells were disrupted
      by sonication, and outer membrane-enriched fractions were prepared by
      differential centrifugation and selective solubilization of the inner membrane
      with sodium N-lauroyl sarcosinate. Colony type, growth medium, time of harvest,
      and in vitro or in vivo passage had no appreciable effect on the protein profiles
      of the strains examined. Seven patterns were distinguished among the reference
      strains of the nine capsular serotypes. These patterns were based on the mobility
      of the major outer membrane proteins migrating in the 39,000- to 44,000-molecular
      weight region of the gel, a 16K to 16.5K protein, and a heat-modifiable 29K
      protein. Strains of serotypes 1 and 9 had identical outer membrane protein
      profiles, as did strains of serotypes 2 and 6. The reference strains of the
      remaining five serotypes each had a distinct pattern. The outer membrane protein
      profiles of 95 field isolates belonging to serotypes 1, 5, 7, and 9 from swine in
      the midwestern United States were determined and compared with the reference
      patterns. The results indicate that the population of H. pleuropneumoniae is
      clonal, with three predominant clones distinguished by both serotype and outer
      membrane protein profile responsible for the majority of H. pleuropneumoniae
      disease occurring in swine in the United States.

PMID- 3699890
TI  - Isolation and some properties of exohemagglutinin from the culture medium of
      Bacteroides gingivalis 381.
AB  - Exohemagglutinin was found in the culture medium of Bacteroides gingivalis 381.
      Exohemagglutinin was purified 3,150-fold from culture fluid by
      ultracentrifugation followed by gel filtration on Sepharose CL-4B and by affinity
      chromatography on arginine-agarose. Examination of the final preparation of
      exohemagglutinin by biochemical analysis and sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that the isolated exohemagglutinin
      contained three major proteins but not a detectable lipopolysaccharide.
      Hemagglutination inhibition experiments showed that the activity of
      exohemagglutinin was inhibited by L-arginine and the arginine-containing
      peptides, although the activity was unaffected by the sugars tested. Some protein
      and glycoproteins that were examined also exhibited the inhibitory activity. When
      the bovine submaxillary mucin was chemically modified by beta-elimination and
      bovine serum albumin was modified by guanidination, the inhibitory effects on
      hemagglutination were significantly enhanced. These results suggest that the
      hemagglutination of the isolated exohemagglutinin may be involved in arginine
      residues as components of ligand-binding sites on erythrocytes.

PMID- 3699891
TI  - Ureaplasma infection of cell cultures.
AB  - Studies were performed to characterize the effects of ureaplasmas in HeLa, 3T6,
      and CV-1 cell cultures. The ureaplasmas studied were human Ureaplasma urealyticum
      T960 (serotype VIII), bovine U. diversum T95, simian strain T167-2, ovine strain
      1202, canine strain D1M-C, and feline strains 382 and FT2-B. FT2-B was the only
      ureaplasma to grow in the cell free culture medium, Dulbecco modified Eagle-Earle
      medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. The growth pattern of the ureaplasmas
      varied in the different cell cultures, but each strain grew in at least two of
      the cell cultures, suggesting a requirement for a product of the cell culture and
      for low concentrations of urea. When growth occurred, organisms grew to
      concentrations that approached, but did not equal, those observed in 10B broth.
      Most, but not all, ureaplasmas grew quickly, reaching peak titers 2 days after
      infection. Canine strain D1M-C did not grow in 3T6, but showed rapid growth in
      HeLa and CV-1 cells, killing both cultures, In some systems, e.g., U. urealyticum
      T960 and simian strain T167-2, the infection persisted, and ureaplasmas could be
      recovered from cell cultures four passages after infection, when studies were
      terminated. The cell culture ureaplasmas grew on T agar, but not on mycoplasma
      agar medium.

PMID- 3699893
TI  - Influence of body temperature on bacterial growth rates in experimental
      pneumococcal meningitis in rabbits.
AB  - We examined the role of fever as a host defense in experimental pneumococcal
      meningitis in rabbits. Twelve hours after intracisternal inoculation of an
      encapsulated type 3 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain, body temperature was
      manipulated by using two different anesthetic drugs: pentobarbital, which did not
      affect temperature, and urethane, which mitigated the febrile response to
      infection. Growth rates of pneumococci in cerebrospinal fluid were dramatically
      influenced by modification of the febrile response. Rabbits whose fever was not
      suppressed had mean bacterial doubling times of 2.76 +/- 1.43 h. Animals with a
      blunted febrile response had a significantly faster mean bacterial growth rate
      (doubling time = 1.10 +/- 0.27 h; P less than 0.02). When the antipyretic effect
      of urethane was counteracted by raising the ambient temperature, animals also
      showed a marked reduction in pneumococcal growth rates. In vitro, the pneumococci
      grew well at 37 degrees C in Trypticase soy broth (doubling time = 0.61 +/- 0.05
      h) and in pooled rabbit cerebrospinal fluid (doubling time = 0.85 +/- 0.07 h).
      However, at 41 degrees C neither medium supported growth. Thus, body temperature
      appears to be a critical determinant of pneumococcal growth rates in experimental
      meningitis, and fever could be a host defense in this disease.

PMID- 3699894
TI  - Inhibition of macrophage phagocytosis by Bacteroides fragilis in vivo and in
      vitro.
AB  - A number of investigators have provided experimental evidence for synergistic
      effects in mixed infections with Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis. In
      vitro studies have suggested that competition for serum opsonins and diminished
      subsequent phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes might explain these
      effects. In the present study we evaluated the effect of B. fragilis on
      macrophage phagocytosis. It was shown that peritoneal macrophages from mice
      injected intravenously 6 to 12 h earlier with 10(8) CFU of encapsulated B.
      fragilis were markedly suppressed in their phagocytic ability. Injections of
      laboratory-passaged, less-encapsulated B. fragilis, other bacteria, or latex
      particles were either not suppressive of macrophage phagocytosis or less
      effective. When peritoneal macrophages were treated in vitro for 24 h with the
      same challenge organisms prior to assessing their phagocytic capacity,
      encapsulated B. fragilis also proved significantly more suppressive than
      challenges with other organisms or latex particles. We conclude that suppression
      of macrophage phagocytosis by B. fragilis seems to be an important mechanism
      contributing to synergistic effects described for mixed aerobic and anaerobic
      infections.

PMID- 3699892
TI  - Reduced temperature alters Pseudomonas exotoxin A entry into the mouse LM cell.
AB  - The movement of Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE) into the cytoplasm of mouse LM
      fibroblasts was followed by using inhibition of protein synthesis as a
      biochemical index of toxin activity; biotinyl-PE and avidin-gold colloids were
      used for electron microscopy. At 37 degrees C both specific antitoxin and pronase
      trypsin protected cells against PE toxicity when added within seconds of warming
      cells, whereas methylamine was protective when added during the first 7 min of
      endocytosis. Lowering the temperature to 19 degrees C afforded protection when
      the temperature transition was accomplished within 15 min of the original
      endocytic event. These data suggest that PE enters an acidic compartment before
      reaching a step blocked by shifting cells from 37 to 19 degrees C. PE expressed
      toxicity for LM cells at 19 degrees C, but at a concentration 1 order of
      magnitude higher than that required at 37 degrees C. At 19 degrees C, antitoxin
      or trypsin-pronase protection was rapidly ablated. In contrast cells were fully
      protected by methylamine for 90 min. Using electron microscopy we demonstrated
      that toxin moved normally (30 s) to coated areas at 19 degrees C, but remained at
      this site for up to 20 min before being internalized. The majority of the toxin
      internalized at 19 degrees C remained in endosomes or in Golgi-associated
      vesicles and was not delivered to lysosomes. The results suggest that, under
      physiological conditions (37 degrees C), PE rapidly enters cells through coated
      areas, moves to an acidic compartment (i.e., the endosome), and then probably to
      the Golgi region en route to lysosomes. The evidence suggests that movement of
      toxin from endosomes or Golgi vesicles to lysosomes is blocked at 19 degrees C.
      We hypothesize that the active form of PE enters the cytosol, where it expresses
      its toxicity during fusion of Golgi-derived, toxin-laden vesicles with lysosomes.

PMID- 3699895
TI  - Opsonic requirements for hepatic clearance of pneumococci.
AB  - An in situ isolated, perfused rat liver system was used to evaluate various
      opsonins for hepatic trapping and killing of encapsulated, virulent, type 3
      pneumococci. Pneumococci were rapidly trapped in the liver in the presence of all
      potential opsonins including Hanks balanced salt solution with added colloid.
      However, with some of the potential opsonins the organisms remained viable and
      could be recovered from the liver. With others there was killing of pneumococci.
      The combination of rat antibody and complement was effective as an opsonin and
      produced about the same degree of killing as the same human components. When
      tested separately killing was not promoted by rat complement, human complement,
      or human antibody. However, when ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)
      N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid-Mg2+ was added to block the classical pathway and
      preserve the alternative pathway there was significant pneumococcal killing which
      may have been complement mediated or due to an adverse effect of ethylene glycol
      bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid-Mg2+ on the organisms.
      Fibronectin and C-reactive protein reduced the number of surviving
      microorganisms, although the change was not significant. Immunoglobulin G (IgG)
      IgM, IgG, or IgM with complement, and antibody + the classical complement
      pathway, significantly reduced survival of the organisms. The best killing
      occurred with antibody plus complement plus fibronectin, which reduced mean
      survival to 24% during the 1-h perfusion.

PMID- 3699896
TI  - The surface of virulent Treponema pallidum: resistance to antibody binding in the
      absence of complement and surface association of recombinant antigen 4D.
AB  - The binding of immunoglobulin G present in syphilitic immune rabbit serum,
      syphilitic human serum, and rabbit antiserum to purified recombinant Treponema
      pallidum antigen 4D by T. pallidum, Nichols strain, was studied by immunoelectron
      microscopy. Treponemes were incubated with antiserum under the conditions of the
      T. pallidum immobilization test, in which T. pallidum-specific antibody renders
      the organism nonmotile and avirulent only in the presence of complement after a
      16-h incubation period in an anaerobic environment. Antibody was not demonstrable
      on the surface of T. pallidum incubated with nonimmune rabbit serum or normal
      human serum in the presence of complement. Similarly, in the absence of
      complement, little or no antibody was found on the treponemal surface after
      incubation with syphilitic immune rabbit serum, syphilitic human serum, or rabbit
      antiserum directed against the recombinant 4D antigen. The addition of complement
      to syphilitic immune rabbit serum, syphilitic human serum, and anti-4D antibody
      resulted in immobilization and the deposition of antibody on the entire surface
      of the immobilized organisms. These results corroborate earlier work by other
      investigators demonstrating the resistance of freshly isolated T. pallidum to
      antibody binding in a variety of serological tests. Detection of 4D antigen on
      the surface of immobilized T. pallidum strongly implies that the use of T.
      pallidum immobilization test conditions provides a means to demonstrate the
      association of individual surface antigens on virulent T. pallidum. The
      resistance of T. pallidum to antibody binding may be relevant to the pathogenesis
      of syphilis.

PMID- 3699897
TI  - Variable colonization by oral streptococci in molar fissures of monoinfected
      gnotobiotic rats.
AB  - Germfree Sprague-Dawley rats, fed a high-sucrose diet, were monoinfected with
      strains of Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus sanguis, and Streptococcus mutans.
      Viable cell recoveries from six molar teeth, considered to reflect mainly
      bacterial colonization of intact fissures, were in the order of 10(6), 10(7), and
      10(8) CFU, respectively. Some of the implications of the variation of bacterial
      plaque-forming ability in the rat model are discussed.

PMID- 3699898
TI  - Immunohistochemical distribution of ferritin, lactoferrin, and transferrin in
      granulomas of bovine paratuberculosis.
AB  - Granulomatous lesions of bovine paratuberculosis contained ferritin, lactoferrin,
      and a small amount of transferrin, as demonstrated by the immunohistochemical
      method. Macrophages in the normal bovine ileum did not contain lactoferrin and
      transferrin; however, ferritin was found in individual macrophages of Peyer's
      patches. These results may help elucidate the relationship between intracellular
      growth of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and the presence of iron-binding
      proteins in the granulomas.

PMID- 3699899
TI  - Monoclonal antibody to Streptococcus mutans type e cell wall polysaccharide
      antigen.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody against the polysaccharide antigen of Streptococcus mutans
      serotype e was prepared. It was found that beta-methyl-D-glucopyranoside and
      cellobiose markedly inhibited the precipitin reaction, whereas maltose showed no
      inhibition. The beta-glucosyl moiety of the type e polysaccharide seems to be the
      predominant antigenic determinant of the antigen.

PMID- 3699900
TI  - Scours in pigs.

PMID- 3699901
TI  - Differential diagnosis of nasal discharge in the horse.

PMID- 3699902
TI  - Disbudding and dehorning of goats.

PMID- 3699903
TI  - Treating the everted membrana nictitans in the dog.

PMID- 3699904
TI  - Alternative feedstuffs for horses.

PMID- 3699905
TI  - Hormonal alopecia in dogs and cats.

PMID- 3699906
TI  - Evaluation of tests for heparin control during long-term extracorporeal
      circulation.
AB  - Two coagulation tests, Recalcified Activated Clotting Time (RACT) and Hemochron,
      were compared with the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) in in vitro
      heparinization experiments and in patients heparinized for long term
      extracorporeal circulation (ECC) to determine their suitability as guidelines for
      heparin administration. All tests had good precision, with a small variability
      between methods. There was satisfactory correlation with the heparin level in
      vivo (r = 0.77 for RACT; r = 0.80 for Hemochron and r = 0.82 for APTT) too, while
      the in vitro r was always greater than or equal to 0.94. Nevertheless, APTT
      values for plasma heparin levels higher than 1.5 U/ml were markedly prolonged,
      with a large standard deviation, and often "unclottable". The good correlation
      between the three tests, makes it possible to substitute RACT and Hemochron for
      APTT, during long-term ECC.

PMID- 3699907
TI  - Recovery from a severe attack of acute intermittent porphyria during coated-resin
      hemoperfusion.

PMID- 3699908
TI  - An in vitro study of the interactions of plasma proteins with protein A-sepharose
      CL4B chromatography columns used to remove immunoglobulin G from human plasma.

PMID- 3699909
TI  - Properties of a new carbon film for biomedical applications.
AB  - The physical and chemical properties of carbon films, about 0.5 mu thick,
      deposited at low temperature (40-200 degrees C) by a new physical vapour
      deposition technique are presented, in comparison with those of pyrolytic carbon
      normally used in biomedical devices. Several analytical techniques have revealed
      that the thin carbon films present structural properties similar to those of
      pyrolytic carbon. For example, similar chemical bondings of C atoms are observed
      in both samples. Moreover the data suggest the presence in thin C films of both
      tetrahedral and graphitic bondings, as in the turbostratic structure typical of
      pyrolytic carbon. These results confirm the similar biocompatibility properties
      of both types of materials already established by in vivo experiments.

PMID- 3699910
TI  - Cimetidine and the kidney.

PMID- 3699911
TI  - CAPD today in Italy.

PMID- 3699912
TI  - Dietary protein restriction and the progression of renal failure.

PMID- 3699913
TI  - The functional reserve capacity of the kidney.

PMID- 3699914
TI  - Biocompatibility of different hemodialysis membranes: activation of complement
      and leukopenia.
AB  - The ability of three hollow-fiber dialyzers (Cuprophane [CU],
      polymethylmethacrylate [PMMA], and polyacrylonitrile [PAN]) to activate
      complement and to induce leukopenia was studied prospectively in six patients on
      long-term hemodialysis. CU membranes caused the most intense complement
      activation with C3a, C3d, and C5a levels peaking 15 min after beginning dialysis.
      Total white blood cell (WBC) counts dropped simultaneously by 76%, and the
      decrease in leukocytes was inversely correlated with the levels of C3a and C5a.
      In contrast, PMMA membranes led only to slight complement activation with an
      associated fall in WBC counts of 29%, and PAN membranes induced very little
      complement activation without leukopenia. In vitro studies involving incubation
      of normal human plasma with each of the three membranes corroborated these
      findings. The results suggest that the biocompatibility of PMMA and PAN dialyzers
      is superior to CU.

PMID- 3699915
TI  - Affinity of the aluminium binding protein.
AB  - The affinity for aluminium of the binding protein (transferrin) in serum was
      studied by in vitro ultrafiltration and equilibrium dialysis. It was found that
      the binding of aluminium to transferrin is very tight and cannot be dissociated
      by prolonged dialysis or desferrioxamine (DFO). The tight binding of aluminium to
      transferrin may play a role in the development of microcytic hypochromic anaemia
      in aluminium intoxicated patients despite the presence of adequate iron.

PMID- 3699916
TI  - Complement activation in haemodialysis: a comparison of new and re-used
      dialysers.
AB  - The magnitude of leucopenia and complement activation when reusing cellulose
      based (Cuprophan) and synthetic (polyacrylonitrile AN-69S) haemodialysis
      membranes as well as their modifications by the priming of the dialysers with
      fresh frozen plasma and by the introduction of a period of stagnation during
      haemodialysis were studied using radioimmunoassay (C3a), centrifugal analysis
      (C3d), immunochemical (C3, Factor B) and functional (CH50 and alternate pathway)
      assays. Our findings demonstrate that complement activation and leucopenia
      induced by Cuprophan are linked and are modified when the membrane is reused, or
      primed with plasma protein. However, chemical exposure during reuse to sodium
      hypochlorite modifies these observations. Reuse of the AN-69S membrane resulted
      in no modification of either leucopenia or complement activity, but this membrane
      consistently demonstrated lower levels of C3a than observed with either first use
      or reused Cuprophan membranes.

PMID- 3699917
TI  - A simple coding method for computer storage and handling of drug information.
AB  - An ever-growing body of knowledge in pharmacology has created a need for devising
      improved methods for handling drug information. We have developed an eleven digit
      comprehensive cardiovascular number to represent vital information on the effects
      of a drug on the cardiovascular system. Each digit of the number signifies an
      important cardiovascular phenomenon, and can vary from 0 to 9. This coding method
      provides a simple technique for computer handling of vital information on the
      effects of pharmacoactive agents in a semi-quantitative manner. Using this
      procedure, similar numbers for neuromuscular and immune systems can be easily
      developed.

PMID- 3699918
TI  - A survey of the state of the art of clinical biochemistry laboratory
      computerisation.
AB  - This paper presents the results of a survey which was recently carried out in
      order to clarify the current 'state of the art' regarding the use of computers in
      hospital biochemistry laboratories. Information was obtained by means of a
      questionnaire which was mailed to a sample of United Kingdom hospital
      laboratories. The results obtained from the analysis of the data from the
      questionnaire replies are presented, and conclusions are drawn regarding the
      implications of hospital laboratory computerisation.

PMID- 3699919
TI  - CEUSPEC--a computerized system for fetal home telemetry.
AB  - We have developed a computerized system whereby the fetal heart rate can be
      recorded telemetrically from patients' homes, transmitted over conventional
      public telephone lines, and then computer-processed in real time in the obstetric
      unit.

PMID- 3699920
TI  - Electrophysiological measures of regional neural interactive coupling. Linear and
      non-linear dependence relationships among multiple channel
      electroencephalographic recordings.
AB  - Linear spectral coherence (Sklar et al., 1973) measures have been used in the
      neurosciences to test hypotheses which address the question of whether multiple
      EEG recording sites are independent or whether they are activated by common
      sources of neurophysiological activity. This measure is appropriate when regional
      neural sources interact and thereby electrically activate several recording sites
      through linear transmission pathways which may or may not be different in their
      linear transformation properties. However, if the transmission media are non
      linear, then interactive dependency is not necessarily revealed by a linear
      coherence test. Therefore, if common sources are activating EEG recording sites
      through nonlinear media, evaluating the resulting relationships among the signals
      recorded from these sites requires a test which reveals the presence of such
      nonlinear relationships. In neurophysiological applications, a polycoherence
      cross-spectral measure provides such a test for nonlinear dependency (similar to
      the linear coherence test) among EEG recording sites. The data requirements and
      statistical properties of these linear and non-linear measures are described and
      results of a linear coherence analysis are presented in the context of an EEG
      pilot study of learning-disabled children.

PMID- 3699921
TI  - Microcomputer simulation of antigen-antibody binding at a fixed antigen/antibody
      ratio.
AB  - Computer simulation techniques were used to define the theoretical nature of the
      reaction of antigen with antibody at a constant degree of antigen excess. The
      simulation studies show that binding curves obtained under these conditions have
      unique features which are determined by antibody affinity, affinity heterogeneity
      and the concentrations of antigen and antibody. When analyzed by non-linear least
      squares regression these curves can be used to determine the affinity of antibody
      in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems.

PMID- 3699922
TI  - Thermoregulatory responses during exercise and a hot water immersion and the
      affective responses to peripheral thermal stimuli.

PMID- 3699923
TI  - The effects of high altitude on age at menarche and menopause.

PMID- 3699924
TI  - Platelet count on slow induction to high altitude.

PMID- 3699925
TI  - Estimating outdoor thermal comfort using a cylindrical radiation thermometer and
      an energy budget model.

PMID- 3699926
TI  - Air ionization and circannual fluctuation of anaphylactic sensitivity.

PMID- 3699927
TI  - The effect of positive air ions on reproduction and growth in laboratory rats.

PMID- 3699928
TI  - The Copenhagen case-control study of bladder cancer. II. Effect of coffee and
      other beverages.
AB  - During the years 1979-1981 a population-based case-control study of bladder
      cancer including papilloma was performed in greater Copenhagen. A total of 371
      patients (280 males; 91 females), and a comparable age- and sex-stratified group
      of 771 controls (577 males; 194 females) remained for logistic regression
      analysis. Controls were selected at random from the general population of the
      study area. All persons were questioned about their drinking habits with respect
      to coffee, tea and other beverages, as well as their exposure to a number of
      known or suspected risk factors for bladder cancer. After adjustment for tobacco
      smoking, the relative risk of bladder cancer in relation to coffee drinking was
      not statistically significant among either men or women. A significant
      association was found between bladder cancer and tea drinking among men, but with
      no regular trend for increasing consumption. An association was found between
      risk of bladder cancer and both total daily liquid intake and non-cola soft
      drinks. This population-based case-control study provides no evidence of an
      isolated influence of coffee drinking or caffeine intake on bladder cancer risk.

PMID- 3699929
TI  - A radioimmunoassay for the detection of a human tumor-associated glycoprotein
      (TAG-72) using monoclonal antibody B72.3.
AB  - Monoclonal antibody (MAb) B72.3 was generated against a carcinoma metastasis and
      has been shown to bind with a high degree of selectivity to a tumor-associated
      glycoprotein (TAG-72) found in human colon and breast carcinomas, while showing
      minimal reactivity to any normal adult tissues. Competition radioimmunoassays
      have been developed for the detection of TAG-72 in tumors and sera from both
      athymic mice bearing human carcinoma xenografts and patients with colon, breast
      and other carcinomas. The distribution of TAG-72 in human tumor xenografts was
      restricted to tumors originating from the LS-174T human colon carcinoma, with no
      significant reactivity being detected in human tumor xenografts from a different
      colon carcinoma, a human breast carcinoma, or a human melanoma. The levels of TAG
      72 in clinical material obtained from surgery were examined; high levels were
      found in colon carcinomas and to a lesser extent in breast carcinomas, while no
      detectable levels were found in normal tissues. Sera from apparently normal
      patients contained a mean level of 2.2 units per ml of TAG-72. A level of 3
      standard deviations above the mean level of TAG-72 found in normals was employed
      as a cut-off value to indicate a positive test result in subsequent studies. No
      patient with inflammatory disease or other benign colon disease exhibited
      elevated levels of TAG-72. Seven out of 20 patients with other carcinomas had
      elevated serum levels of TAG-72. The serum TAG-72 levels were compared with the
      serum levels of antigens recognized by the MAbs currently used to screen sera of
      carcinoma patients (CEA, GICA, and OC125). It was clearly demonstrated that TAG
      72 is different from these antigens and can be found in some sera in which no
      antigen is detected by otherwise available MAb RIAs.

PMID- 3699930
TI  - Lymphokine-induced monocyte procoagulant activity is depressed in patients with
      advanced malignancies.
AB  - Fibrin deposition in the microenvironment of tumor cells may be critical to tumor
      growth and metastasis formation. Procoagulant activities of tumor cells
      themselves, or of infiltrating macrophages, activated by the host's immune system
      to the tumor, may both contribute to coagulopathies associated with metastases.
      Lymphokine (LK) supernatant activated procoagulant activity on normal peripheral
      blood monocytes but failed to induce activity on mononuclear cells from 18/22
      patients with locally advanced or disseminated non-lymphoid tumors. Monocytes
      from the remaining patients had very low basal levels of MPCA and were less
      sensitive than normal cells to LK. Monocytes from 4 patients (3 with tumors with
      a high growth fraction) had extremely elevated levels of basal procoagulant
      activity, possibly due to maximal activation in vivo. Neither LK nor bacterial
      lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated procoagulant production of these cells. By
      contrast, cells from 8/13 patients produced procoagulant in response to LPS. This
      study indicated that monocyte function of patients with disseminated cancer is
      suppressed with respect to LK stimulation, but that cells with normal basal
      levels of MPCA respond to LPS. Preactivation of mononuclear procoagulant in vivo
      precluded subsequent stimulation by either LPS or LK.

PMID- 3699931
TI  - Human-human hybridomas for the study of anti-tumor immune response in patients
      with colorectal cancer.
AB  - Human-human hybridoma technology was evaluated for the study of humoral immune
      reactions of colorectal cancer patients against their own tumors. Six fusions
      were carried out with lymphocytes from mesenteric lymph nodes from patients with
      colorectal cancer, using the human B-lymphoma cell line LICR-LON-HMy-2 as fusion
      partner. A total of 294 wells with cell growth were obtained. Supernatants from
      26 of these reacted in enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) with one or
      more colon cancer cell lines. Cells from only one of these wells (D 4213) could
      be cloned. The clone was shown to produce antibody which by immunocytochemical
      analysis reacted with a panel of colon cancer cell lines and melanoma cell lines
      but not with several other cancer cell lines or normal human leukocytes. By
      immunohistochemical analysis on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue this
      antibody reacted strongly with antigen expressed by autologous and allogeneic
      colorectal cancers. Faint staining could occasionally be observed on normal colon
      epithelium. D4213 is a hybrid cell line since it is tetraploid and produces kappa
      and lambda light chains as well as gamma and mu chains, whereas HMy-2 produces
      only kappa and gamma chains. The study produces only kappa and gamma chains. The
      study suggests that patients may possess B cells producing antibody reactive with
      their own malignant cells.

PMID- 3699932
TI  - Biochemical characterization of the monoclonal antibody-defined ovarian carcinoma
      associated antigen SGA.
AB  - The molecular nature of SGA, the ovarian-carcinoma-associated antigen defined by
      the MAb OM-1, has been determined. The cell-surface form of the SGA molecule is a
      glycoprotein with p1 less than 4.2, which on PAGE analysis has an apparent MW of
      approximately 360 kDa. This was the only OM-1-reactive species found on the cell
      surface. The apparent MW was unaffected by reducing conditions. The predominant
      cytoplasmic form of SGA is a non-glycosylated 170-kDa molecule with p1 6.5. Pulse
      chase experiments were complicated by the extremely slow rate of SGA synthesis.
      However, the data indicate that the SGA molecule is synthesized as a 190-kDa
      protein, cleaved to yield a 170-kDa non-glycosylated intracellular form which is
      slowly glycosylated to the 360-kDa cell-surface species. Western blotting
      experiments revealed the presence of the 360-kDa glycosylated molecule in human
      ovarian cell culture supernatants.

PMID- 3699933
TI  - Selective suppression of metastasis but not tumorigenicity of a mouse lung
      carcinoma by cell hybridization.
AB  - Somatic cell hybrids were produced by polyethylene glycol-induced cell fusion
      between metastatic CMT 167 (HGPRT-/OUAR) C57BL/Icrfat mouse lung carcinoma cells
      and 2 non-metastatic cell lines: C3H/He mouse L-M(TK-) cells of mesenchymal
      origin and EJ (OUAS) human bladder carcinoma cells. Fusion of 2 different CMT167
      (HGPRT-) clones with L-M(TK-) cells followed by selection in HMT medium gave rise
      to 14 intraspecific hybrids, which were shown to express H-2 antigens specific
      for both the C57 and C3H mouse strains. Three interspecific hybrids arising from
      fusion of EJ(OUAS) and CMT167(HGPRT-/OUAR) cells were selected in HMT/ouabain
      medium and characterized by human isozyme analysis. All the hybrids produced
      large tumours after subcutaneous inoculation of 5 X 10(5) cells into adult
      athymic nu/nu mice. The intraspecific hybrid tumours were predominantly
      sarcomatous (mesenchymal) in structure but a few contained epithelial acini.
      Metastatic ability (as assessed by production of lung metastases) was completely
      suppressed in 13 of the 14 mouse/mouse hybrid cell clones. These results suggest
      that tumorigenicity, tumour structure and the ability to metastasize are
      expressed independently. The interspecific hybrids, which had not retained a full
      human chromosome complement, produced metastatic tumours that remained epithelial
      in structure.

PMID- 3699934
TI  - Metabolic and morphologic changes in brown adipose tissue from non-growing mice
      with an isogeneic sarcoma. Evaluation with respect to development of cachexia.
AB  - Brown adipose tissue plays a thermoregulatory role influencing energy balance in
      experimental animals and possibly also in humans. In the present study we have
      reevaluated whether brown adipose tissue may contribute to the development of
      cancer cachexia in non-growing mice bearing an isogeneic tumor. Interscapular
      brown adipose tissue mass decreased by 20% in freely-fed sarcoma-bearing mice
      housed at room temperature. Increased mitochondrial density and increased
      oxidation rate of acetate at low acetate concentrations were found in brown fat
      from sarcoma-bearing mice, while the oxidation capacity was unchanged compared
      with that of freely-fed controls. Metabolic and morphologic changes in brown fat
      from sarcoma-bearing mice were similar to those found in weight-paired controls,
      which had experienced the same loss of body weight as the tumor-bearing mice.
      Selective and non-selective B-receptor blockade and surgical removal of
      interscapular brown fat before tumor implantation did not influence the
      nutritional state of freely-fed tumor-bearing mice. Injections of noradrenaline
      caused a proportionately lower increase in oxygen uptake in tumor-bearing animals
      than in freely-fed controls. Exposure to cold (+5 degrees C) doubled food intake
      and led to hypertrophy of brown fat in both sarcoma-bearing mice and control
      animals. Tumor growth was lower although not statistically different in animals
      housed at +5 degrees C compared with animals housed at +25 degrees C. It is
      concluded that brown adipose tissue from sarcoma-bearing mice could not account
      quantitatively for the host wasting in tumor-bearing mice housed at room
      temperature.

PMID- 3699935
TI  - Beliefs about forensic hypnosis.

PMID- 3699936
TI  - The consistency of occurrences of memory distortion following hypnotic induction.

PMID- 3699937
TI  - Finding the hypnotic virtuoso.

PMID- 3699938
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of parenteral ticarcillin formulated with clavulanic acid:
      Timentin.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of a formulation of clavulanate potentiated ticarcillin
      (Timentin) have been investigated following a bolus intravenous injection of 1.2
      g, infusions of 3.2 g over periods ranging from 30 minutes to three hours, and a
      bolus dose of 1.2 g followed by an infusion of 3.2 g. The effect of probenecid
      has also been investigated. The serum levels of clavulanic acid are discussed in
      relation to the microbiology and therapeutic implications.

PMID- 3699939
TI  - Effects of aminoglycoside antibiotics on the neuromuscular junction: Part I.
AB  - The effects of aminoglycoside antibiotics (AGA) including streptomycin (SM),
      kanamycin (KM), gentamicin (GM), dibekacin (DKB), amikacin (AMK) and sisomycin
      (SISO), on the neuromuscular junction were studied by in vivo and in vitro
      experiments. In in vitro experiments, no effect of AGA on rat phrenic nerve
      diaphragm preparations was observed, but the use of the antibiotics at a high
      concentration exerted a slight blocking effect on the neuromuscular junction. The
      blocking effect of SISO and DKB on the neuromuscular junction was marked. These
      antibiotics were definitely found to compete with eserine in terms of the
      blocking effect on the neuromuscular junction, but did not compete with calcium
      chloride. In in vitro experiments with frog sciatic nerve and musculus sartorius
      preparations, DKB and SISO exerted a blocking effect on the NMJ, inducing the
      disappearance of action potentials and the appearance of endplate potentials
      (EPPs). In in vitro experiments with the preparations from Rana catesbiana frogs,
      SM, GM, DKB and SISO exhibited an inhibiting effect on the release of
      acetylcholine (ACh), a chemical neurotransmitter in neuromuscular junction,
      resulting in a decrease in the frequency of miniature endplate potentials
      (mEPPS). In in vivo experiments with rabbit sciatic tibialis anterior muscle
      preparations, SM, GM, DKB and SISO exerted a blocking effect on the neuromuscular
      junction. From the facts that the effect was augmented by the use of magnesium
      chloride combined with these antibiotics and that the antibiotics competed with
      calcium chloride and potassium chloride in terms of the blocking effect on the
      neuromuscular junction, the effects seemed to be due to the inhibition of ACh
      release.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3699941
TI  - Effect of food on bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of theophylline following
      administration of two sustained release dosage forms: Part I.
AB  - Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of theophylline following administration of
      a marketed sustained release tablet (Theo-Dur) and a newly designed sustained
      release tablet (E-0686) have been studied in fifteen healthy volunteers under
      overnight fasting and non-fasting conditions. Higher concentrations at early
      absorption phase under fasting conditions than under non-fasting conditions were
      observed after administration of Theo-Dur, whereas little difference in plasma
      concentrations was noted when E-0686 was administered under fasting and non
      fasting conditions. Bioequivalency was demonstrated depending upon the extent of
      bioavailability of the two preparations. Compared to the theophylline levels in
      non-smokers, significantly lower concentrations at elimination phase and AUC0
      infinity values were observed in smokers in each treatment (p less than 0.05). E
      0686 exhibited almost the same rate constant in dissolution in vitro and in
      absorption in vivo, while Theo-Dur did not. Therefore, it may be concluded that E
      0686 is a well-designed sustained release preparation that releases theophylline
      in vivo at a given rate which can be easily determined in vitro.

PMID- 3699940
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of naproxen at two dosage regimens in healthy volunteers.
AB  - The pharmacokinetic differences between two dosage regimens of naproxen (1000 mg
      once daily vs 500 mg twice daily) were studied at steady-state in seven healthy
      male volunteers. The twice daily regimen resulted in statistically significant
      higher trough serum levels, larger AUC0----24; also the time span with a
      concentration over 50 micrograms/ml was longer. The urinary excretion of naproxen
      metabolites was slightly greater upon once daily dosing. The VDextrap and, to a
      lesser extent the total body clearance, were larger upon the once daily regimen
      with a longer t1/2 beta as a consequence. As yet one can only speculate about the
      therapeutic implications of these findings.

PMID- 3699942
TI  - One name only.

PMID- 3699943
TI  - Primary care in the United States.
AB  - In the United States many of the cardinal features of primary care are absent.
      Medical practitioners usually do not provide services to a defined panel of
      patients and are not distributed according to the extent or type of health needs
      in the population or to population size. Findings from research indicate the
      benefits of longitudinality, comprehensiveness, first contact care, and
      coordination. Some of the new developments in the organization and financing of
      services may facilitate the attainment of some of these characteristics, but the
      implementation of even a rudimentary primary care system will require a greater
      commitment to the training of primary care personnel and better deployment of
      resources. In the absence of a societal commitment to a health system based upon
      levels of care and community orientation, a research agenda to determine the
      benefits and costs of various alternative approaches is suggested.

PMID- 3699944
TI  - Primary care in Australia.
AB  - The Australian health care delivery system is reviewed in this article, with
      special comment on the implications of the financial components of the system and
      government concerns regarding costs and over-servicing. General practitioners'
      perception of their role is not significantly different from the expectation of
      patients, yet the reality may not match the idealized view. There are problems
      related to availability and there are developments which seem to pose some threat
      to the continuing care of patients. New developments have occurred in the way in
      which practice is organized which give an emphasis to continual availability over
      24 hour periods, and these developments pose a challenge to the way in which
      doctors have organized their practices. Population features--Aborigines,
      migrants, and the elderly--present significant problems that are not always well
      met, and the concept of total patient care thereby suffers. The general
      practitioner's apparent failure to fill the expected role in co-ordination of
      services is discussed, as is the need for general practitioners to become more
      actively involved in health education and promotion. The hope for the future lies
      in the Family Medicine Programme of The Royal Australian College of General
      Practitioners, which represents a major attempt to provide appropriate vocational
      training for general practice.

PMID- 3699945
TI  - Lives, liberty, and seat belts in Britain: lessons for the United States.
AB  - By the end of this decade virtually all fifty U.S. state legislatures will have
      debated, and many will have adopted, mandatory seat belt legislation. While the
      debate in the United States has just begun, one can anticipate and preview the
      issues, arguments, and results by examining the British debate over, and
      experience with, a mandatory seat belt law. From this cross-national perspective,
      this article examines the practical, philosophical, and preventive health care
      dimensions and implications of this debate. Based upon personal interviews and
      the Parliamentary record, the author traces the background of the issue, and the
      major arguments for and against mandating seat belt use. Particular emphasis is
      placed upon the libertarian objections to such legislation, and how some British
      Conservatives were able to reconcile their philosophical beliefs with public
      safety needs. The article concludes by suggesting some lessons which U.S.
      proponents of mandatory seat belt legislation might learn from the British
      experience.

PMID- 3699946
TI  - Review of recent Vietnamese studies on the carcinogenic and teratogenic effects
      of phenoxy herbicide exposure.
AB  - The methodology and results of several Vietnamese studies on the possible health
      effects of exposure to herbicides among the Vietnamese during the Second
      Indochina War are reviewed. The results of the studies appear to link either
      paternal or maternal exposure to herbicides to unfavorable outcomes of pregnancy.
      There is some evidence to suggest that the injury to reproduction diminishes over
      time. Two studies found statistically significant odds ratios of 4.6 and 12.0 for
      hydatidiform moles after exposure. One case-control study found a statistically
      significant odds ratio of 5.2 for liver cancer. Elevated odds ratios were also
      found for major externally detectable birth defects. Many of the detailed
      findings are in agreement with the results of animal experiments. Unfortunately,
      the Vietnamese do not have the resources to fully examine the health effects of
      phenoxy herbicides. It is our hope that recognition of the importance of the
      Vietnamese studies will lead to further work in this area.

PMID- 3699947
TI  - The impact of smoking in developing countries with special reference to Africa.
AB  - The health effects of smoking have been well documented in developed countries.
      This article highlights the impact of smoking and tobacco production on health
      and agricultural production in Africa. It shows that smoking represents an
      important current and future health risk to people in Africa, which will place
      stresses on the development of their health services. Tobacco production is shown
      to be associated with food imports, deforestation, and an economic dependence on
      transnational corporations. Possible solutions are proposed.

PMID- 3699948
TI  - The Health Service in England: helping more patients today--planning for the
      patients of tomorrow.

PMID- 3699949
TI  - Unsafe in their hands: Health Service statistics for England. Radical Statistics
      Health Group.

PMID- 3699950
TI  - Candida folliculitis in heroin addicts.
AB  - Three heroin addicts had Candida folliculitis of the scalp, beard, and pubis
      associated with fever, chills, headache, and fatigue. In each case, pseudohyphae
      were found within a hair and yeasts around it and Candida was recovered from
      urine. These facts support a systemic dissemination. Since serious ocular and
      osteoarticular lesions have been described with this type of skin lesion, prompt
      diagnosis may be important to initiate treatment and prevent sequelae.

PMID- 3699951
TI  - Contact hypersensitivity to topical antibacterial agents.
AB  - Three hundred ninety patients with suspected contact dermatitis to topical
      medicaments were patch tested with various commercially available antibacterial
      agents to evaluate the incidence of contact hypersensitivity. The common
      sensitizers were nitrofurazone, neomycin, oxytetracycline, cetrimide, and
      framycetin. The least common sensitizers were sodium fusidate, chlorhexidine
      hydrochloride, and gentian violet. Cross-sensitivity was observed between
      neomycin, framycetin, and gentamicin.

PMID- 3699952
TI  - Deep granuloma annulare in adults.
AB  - Subcutaneous nodules with the histopathologic features of rheumatoid nodules can
      occur in both rheumatic and nonrheumatic diseases. When there is no evidence of
      systemic disease, they often are classified as deep granuloma annulare. While
      there are numerous reports of such nodules occurring in children without systemic
      disease, there are few reports of similarly affected adults. Two adults are
      described with multiple subcutaneous nodules that were overlying joints and were
      histologically similar to rheumatoid nodules. Neither patient had other clinical
      or laboratory manifestations of rheumatic disease. These cases most likely
      represent an adult form of deep granuloma annulare. The wide clinical spectrum in
      which similar nodules can occur and their pathogenesis is discussed.

PMID- 3699953
TI  - Mucosal involvement of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

PMID- 3699955
TI  - Oral leukoplakia.

PMID- 3699954
TI  - Cutaneous lesions of disseminated histoplasmosis in a Haitian man with the
      acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

PMID- 3699956
TI  - Anthralin inhibition of intraepidermal pustule formation.

PMID- 3699957
TI  - Chromomycosis in Zaire.

PMID- 3699958
TI  - What does the dermatologist find by inspecting the entire skin?

PMID- 3699959
TI  - Child abuse.

PMID- 3699960
TI  - Disseminated nevus anelasticus.
AB  - A 23-year-old man presented with a diffuse and fine wrinkling of the skin of his
      back and trunk. Skin lesions had first appeared about 5 years earlier and
      resulted from coalescing of multiple, flat, pinkish-red papules, a few
      millimeters in diameter. A diagnosis of widespread cutaneous elastic hamartoma
      was made. Histology revealed a focal disappearance of elastic fibers within
      circumscribed areas of the dermis. The pattern of the dermal collagen and
      reticulin was normal. No concomitant changes in the bone density were recognized
      by x-ray, excluding the Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome. Therefore, we call this case
      "disseminated nevus anelasticus."

PMID- 3699961
TI  - Pigmented follicular cysts.
AB  - Pigmented follicular cysts are newly described cutaneous cysts with
      characteristic histology. They are usually single pigmented lesions occurring in
      men between 20 and 63 years of age that often are mistaken for nevi. The eighth
      case of this newly described cyst is presented; a brief review of epithelial
      cysts and how they differ from pigmented follicular cysts also is reported.

PMID- 3699962
TI  - Peroral challenge tests with food additives in urticaria and atopic dermatitis.
AB  - Double-blind, placebo controlled challenge tests with benzoic acid
      butylhydroxytoluene, butylhydroxyanisole, beta-carotene, beta-8-apo-carotenal,
      and sodium metabisulfite were made in 44 cases of chronic urticaria, 91 cases of
      atopic dermatitis, and 123 cases of contact dermatitis, as a comparison group.
      Positive reactions were seen in four patients, two of whom had urticaria, one
      atopic dermatitis, and one contact dermatitis. Two of these reactions were caused
      by the placebo, one in a patient with urticaria and the other in a contact
      dermatitis patient. For one patient who reacted to the placebo and one who
      reacted to benzoic acid, the challenges were repeated with positive results in
      both instances. In nine patients, equivocal test results were produced with all
      the active substances and the placebo, but in all nine cases, retesting 4 days
      later produced negative results. This suggests that common food additives are
      seldom if ever of significance as precipitating factors in chronic urticaria or
      atopic dermatitis.

PMID- 3699963
TI  - Psoriasis vulgaris in the Guinea Savanah region of Nigeria.
AB  - Psoriasis vulgaris is an uncommon skin disease among Nigerians. There were only
      44 cases out of a total of about 5,250 skin patients (0.8%) seen during the 7
      year period from 1977 to 1984 at the consultant skin clinic, Ahmadu Bello
      University Teaching Hospital, Kaduna, Nigeria. Males were predominant. The age
      range was 1 1/2 months to 65 years, with a mean age of 29.8 years. The peak
      incidence was in the 21-30-year group. Clinical features were the same as in
      Europeans, but morbidity was very low. Arthropathy and nail involvement were
      rare, comprising only 4.5 and 15.9% of cases, respectively.

PMID- 3699964
TI  - Pityriasis rosea in the Sudan.
AB  - Pityriasis rosea presents in the Sudan with the same picture as it does in other
      countries of Africa. The seasonal incidence is highest in the cold, dry months.
      The erythematous or rosea picture seen in whites is never encountered in blacks.
      The term pityriasis rosea may not be descriptive of the disease as it presents in
      black and brown skins.

PMID- 3699965
TI  - Congenital cartilaginous rests of the neck.

PMID- 3699966
TI  - Anonychia with ectrodactyly of one foot.

PMID- 3699967
TI  - Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis responsive to selenium sulfide.
AB  - Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis of Gougerot and Carteaud (CRP) is a
      distinctive clinicopathologic entity, of unknown etiology, which shows some
      resemblance to pityriasis versicolor. A case of CRP that showed a significant
      therapeutic response to topical selenium sulfide is reported. In previously
      described cases, response to this agent and to other medications, both antifungal
      and keratolytic, has been variable. A review of these cases reveals conflicting
      evidence regarding the questionable role of Malassezia furfur in CRP.

PMID- 3699968
TI  - Subcutaneous phycomycosis.

PMID- 3699969
TI  - Failure of etretinate (RO 10-9359) in lichen amyloidosus.

PMID- 3699970
TI  - Familial keratotic papular lesions of the chin.

PMID- 3699971
TI  - Growth and development of Hymenolepis nana in mice maintained at different
      environmental temperatures.

PMID- 3699972
TI  - Scanning electron microscopic study of Opisthorchis viverrini tegument and its
      alterations induced by amoscanate.

PMID- 3699973
TI  - Immunization of cattle against Boophilus microplus using extracts derived from
      adult female ticks: effects of induced immunity on tick populations.

PMID- 3699974
TI  - Immunization of cattle against Boophilus microplus using extracts derived from
      adult female ticks: histopathology of ticks feeding on vaccinated cattle.

PMID- 3699975
TI  - The development of immunity to Nematodirus battus in lambs.

PMID- 3699977
TI  - Arrested development of the rabbit stomach worm Obeliscoides cuniculi: varied
      responses to cold treatment by the offspring produced throughout the course of a
      single infection.

PMID- 3699976
TI  - Arrested development of the rabbit stomach worm Obeliscoides cuniculi: resumption
      of development of arrested larvae throughout the course of a single infection.

PMID- 3699978
TI  - Populations of Ostertagia circumcincta in lambs following a single infection.

PMID- 3699979
TI  - Acquired resistance in sheep to infection with larvae of the blowfly, Lucilia
      cuprina.

PMID- 3699980
TI  - Nippostrongylus brasiliensis: effect of host hormones on helminth ingestion in
      vivo.

PMID- 3699981
TI  - Intradermal reactions in strongyloidiasis.

PMID- 3699982
TI  - Calcium binding cyclic hexapeptide. Crystal structure of cyclo-(L-prolyl-glycyl)3
      calcium complex.
AB  - The synthetic cyclic hexapeptide (L-prolyl-glycyl)3 forms a 2:1 complex with Ca2+
      ion. The cation is sandwiched between the two peptide molecules. The glycyl
      carbonyls from each of the peptides are octahedrally coordinated to the cation
      with an average calcium oxygen coordination distance of 2.26A. Both the molecules
      coordinating to the calcium ion have three fold symmetry, but show significant
      conformational differences. In one of the peptides of the sandwich, the alternate
      carbonyls point to the opposite sides of the peptide ring while in the other, all
      the six carbonyls point to the same side of the ring. Three NH ... O hydrogen
      bonds between the peptides add to the stability of the sandwich.

PMID- 3699983
TI  - Conformational studies on gastrin related peptides by high resolution 1H-n.m.r.
AB  - The secondary structures of three gastrin analogs, HC1 X H-Trp-Nle-Asp(O-tBu)-Phe
      NH2 (tetragastrin), pGlu-Ala-Tyr-Gly-Trp-Nle-Asp-Phe-NH2 (octagastrin), and H-Leu
      (Glu)5-Ala-Tyr-Gly-Trp-Nle-Asp-Phe-NH2 (minigastrin) were studied by 1H-n.m.r. in
      dimethylsulfoxide and in trifluoroethanol. All three compounds were found to
      assume a random conformation in the former solvent, while some ordered secondary
      structure is present in trifluoroethanol even at the tetrapeptide level. This was
      shown by temperature studies and solvent titrations. At least four amide protons
      were found to be solvent shielded in the longer hormone.

PMID- 3699984
TI  - Extremely fast hydrogen exchange of ribonuclease-(1-118) as compared with native
      RNase A and its implication for the conformational energy state.
AB  - RNase-(1-118) containing native disulfide bonds is similar in fold to native
      RNase A but not of lowest Gibbs energy as compared with the isomers containing
      non-native disulfide bonds. The present n.m.r. studies have indicated a dramatic
      increase in the exchange rate of all of the 'protected' amide protons of RNase-(1
      118) over RNase A. A calculation shows a large increase in the rate of 'opening'
      of the structure. The exchange rate of the protected amide protons of RNase-(1
      120) is slower than RNase-(1-118) but much faster than RNase A. Binding with a
      synthetic complementing fragment (114-124) markedly reduces the exchange rate of
      20 to 25 amide protons of RNase-(1-118). It has previously been shown that
      binding with a complementing fragment of RNase-(1-118) generates a lowest Gibbs
      energy state. Thus, using available thermodynamic information for interpretation,
      we suggest that a) removal of six carboxy terminal residues of RNase A would
      disrupt coupling between these residues and those distant in the structure (loss
      of extra stabilizing energy), b) this would, in turn, alter the enthalpy-entropy
      compensation in such a way that the magnitude of Gibbs energy change favoring
      folding is significantly reduced without a large change of fold and c) in this
      activated state the molecule would be highly motile.

PMID- 3699985
TI  - Theoretical conformational analysis of brain peptides. beta-Melanocyte
      stimulating hormone.
AB  - Using a semi-empirical method, an a priori conformational analysis of the
      octadecapeptide beta-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (beta-MSH) was carried out.
      The spatial structure of beta-MSH can be described by eight low-energy
      conformations, yielded by combinations of the most stable states of the
      respective free fragments. Calculations produced the values of all dihedral
      angles of the backbones and side chains of these forms as well as intra- and
      inter-residue interaction energies.

PMID- 3699986
TI  - Identifications, neoneeds and neosexualities.
AB  - With regard to perversions, the pertinent question is not which acts and which
      object-preferences are to be deemed deviant, but when is deviance to be regarded
      as a simple variation or version of adult sexuality and when is it to be judged
      symptomatic. This paper proposes that only relationships may aptly be termed
      perverse. The term neosexualities is chosen to emphasize the innovative and
      somewhat unreal character of deviant sexual acts and relationships. These are a
      response to incoherent communications and unconscious problems on the part of
      parents. The concept of addictive sexuality or neoneeds is also introduced in
      reference to the compulsivity that invariably accompanies perverse sexuality. Its
      dynamic and economic aspects are summarized as follows: those who have created a
      neoreality in terms of sexual acts and objects in the service of libidinal
      homeostasis, and neoneeds in the service of narcissistic homeostasis, have short
      circuited the elaboration of phallic-oedipal castration anxiety and at the same
      time through disavowing the problems of separateness and of infantile sadism have
      also circumvented what Klein termed the elaboration of the depressive position. A
      clinical vignette is given to illustrate the above theoretical propositions.

PMID- 3699987
TI  - Hamburg congress papers. 34th International Psychoanalytical Congress. Hamburg,
      July 1985.

PMID- 3699988
TI  - Identification and its vicissitudes in the context of the Nazi phenomenon.
AB  - The following vicissitudes of identification predominate among many others in my
      case material: The primary identification, independent of the historical
      background, with the lost mother who returns in the transference and who receives
      the ancillary role of a Nazi victim. The coexistence of contradictory, secondary
      identifications, partly characterized by intrasystemic conflicts, in the ego and
      superego (e.g. the existence of the peaceful and the warlike ege as 'doubles'),
      producing a multiple personality in which the formation of the ego ideal, moulded
      by themes of terror, threatens to exert a transgenerational influence owing to a
      superego identification with the Nazi aspects of the father, while the 'borrowed
      guilt' from the father corresponds to a melancholic identification; the
      regressive concretization in the form of a transitory delusion also belongs to
      the context of the latter. A restitutive, self-curative identification with
      figures in world literature and cultural values capable of linking up with a
      pretraumatic past not personally experienced and of countering the threat of loss
      of orientation to the world--a feature which seems comparable to the struggle for
      attainment of the depressive position as described by Melanie Klein. The Nazi
      Phenomenon can only be defined adequately with reference to delusional anti
      Semitism.

PMID- 3699989
TI  - Identification processes and denial in the shadow of Nazism.
AB  - This paper presents an analysis of the vicissitudes of individual and group
      identification processes during and after the Holocaust. We also examine denial
      as a defence mechanism when confronted with massive traumatization, and in the
      period of readaptation and reintegration to life. Identification with (idealized)
      lost objects and with group myths, in fantasy as well as in action, and denial
      sustained by fantasy, words and acts, were connected to mourning processes which
      helped to initiate the re-individuation process developing in face of danger. We
      consider some of the basic problems of survivors of the Holocaust such as
      avoidance of mourning and rebuilding of self-structure with reemergence of
      superego, in connexion to various processes of identification and denial. We
      focus on the 'Mythos of Survival' which reveals a special way of coping with life
      and death problems, and attempt to show how processes of identification connected
      with it, influence the survivors' way of mourning up to the second and third
      generation. The aim of therapy with children of survivors is to aid the process
      of mourning for lost objects, to free them from the burden of the past, by
      differentiating between their own experiences and that of their parents, thus
      helping them in the process of re-individuation.

PMID- 3699990
TI  - Identification and its vicissitudes in relation to the Nazi phenomenon.
AB  - The author has developed the following theoretical models: autistic
      encapsulation, loss of identifications under the effect of terror, the logical
      pragmatic paradox, which can be applied to other similar ones, but taking into
      account that it is not an exhaustive mechanism to be applied in all cases.
      Carrying out an in-depth study of the subject, we would find two systems, one
      which we might define as the detachment-withdrawal model (loss) and the other,
      the model of autistic encapsulation. Part of the material seems to point to the
      former. In the encapsulation model, there is a shielding of early identifications
      which are later found fairly well preserved (Inge's language and grandparents,
      the name of Moshe and Judaism). As an explanatory model, I would suggest that
      there is a dialectic interplay between two systems: one aiming at encapsulating
      (which does not mean integration but preservation) and thus shielding
      identifications, and another which, in spite of everything, loses valuable
      identifications as a consequence of terror. The inner drama develops between
      these two mechanisms.

PMID- 3699991
TI  - Identification and its vicissitudes as observed in adolescence.
AB  - The author emphasizes two main types of identification processes: primary or
      narcissistic identification prevailing in self-selfobject relationships, and
      implying the use of idealizing libido, before the differentiation self-selfobject
      is achieved; secondary identification occurring at a later developmental phase,
      when there is a clearcut differentiation between self and object. Differing from
      Kohut's point of view on identity, she feels that what is described by self
      psychology as the feeling of 'cohesion, continuity in time and the affective
      colouring of the self' corresponds to the sense of identity. Adolescence is
      viewed, not only as a chronological phase, but primarily as a state of mind, with
      specific characteristics, resulting from the transformations of the self,
      culminating in the establishment of the sense of identity. When there is a
      traumatic disillusionment in the idealized self-object during early development,
      this leads to a fixed adolescent state of mind, independent of chronological age,
      which can be more clearly observed in the analysis of adult patients with self
      pathology. A clinical case of an adult patient illustrates the author's point and
      shows that the processes of idealization, de-idealization and transmuting
      internalizations, occurring both in adolescence and during the analytic
      treatment, are typical of this mental state.

PMID- 3699992
TI  - Identification and its vicissitudes as observed in adolescence: object loss and
      identification.
AB  - This paper presents clinical material from the analysis of a late adolescent
      whose father died when he was just 9 years old. It emphasizes the impact of his
      father's death upon subsequent identifications. It was through a reactivation of
      certain critical issues in the transference that the patient was enabled to mourn
      the loss of his father and to achieve a wider and more mature range of selective
      identifications. Relevant information is presented to demonstrate how his
      primordial development influenced his reaction to his father's death. His later
      identifications were affected by his mother, brother and especially his
      stepfather. The influence of the death upon the analysis and his selective
      identifications with the analyst are explored. A brief review of the relevant
      literature confirms Blum's observation that the splitting of the ego owing to the
      simultaneous denial and acceptance of the reality of parental loss may be
      accompanied by a splitting of both parent and self-representations into idealized
      and denigrated.

PMID- 3699993
TI  - Identification and its vicissitudes as observed in the perversions.
AB  - This paper aims to contribute to the clarification of the different meanings of
      the concept of identification and the different processes involved in the making
      of an identification, by considering the perversions as disorders of
      internalization. The different forms of internalization are regarded as lying
      along a continuum of which identification is at one extreme and involves the
      incorporation of (part of) the object-representation into the self
      representation. The pervert is shown to be unable to carry out the process of
      identification because he is fixated at an early developmental phase which I
      refer to as the 'core complex': instead of identification he has to make use of
      'stimulation' in which the subject unconsciously models himself on (parts of) the
      object. The crucial role the body plays in these dynamics is considered.
      Exploration of these issues highlights how, in order for identification to take
      place, the issues of the core complex need to be adequately resolved in the
      course of normal development.

PMID- 3699994
TI  - Recognition memory and psychophysiological responses to stimuli with neutral or
      emotional content: a study of Korsakoff patients and recently detoxified and
      longterm abstinent alcoholics.
AB  - Possible relations between chronic alcohol abuse and impairments in cognitive
      functioning were tested in six groups of subjects, groups A1, A2, CGy, AA, KO,
      and CGo: The first three groups were about 35 years old, the last three about 50
      years. Groups A1 and A2 each consisted of ten men hospitalized for the treatment
      of alcohol dependency, group A1 having been detoxified for less than one week,
      and group A2 for more than five months. Group CGy constituted the matched control
      group. Group AA consisted of six Alcoholics Anonymous, sober for more than five
      years, nine Korsakoff patients made up group KO, and group CGo was the control
      group matched for groups AA and KO. As the main tests, all subjects were given a
      number of slides showing scenes, humans, or animals, half of which had been rated
      as neutral while the other half was emotionally arousing (in either a negative or
      a positive way). In two tests, one after ten minutes, and one after two days, the
      subjects were required to reidentify those slides which they had seen before, and
      their galvanic skin response was measured simultaneously. Several psychological
      tests including one for paired associate learning were given as well. The main
      results were that alcoholics, whether they had been abstinent for a longer time
      or not, were inferior to nonalcoholics, but that a prolonged period of soberness
      nevertheless most likely leads to the recovery of cognitive functions. Though the
      underlying causes of the cognitive deficits found in the four experimental groups
      (A1, A2, AA, KO) may be due at least in part to different or even contradictory
      underlying causes, they provide support for "simple versions" of the so-called
      continuity and premature aging hypotheses.

PMID- 3699995
TI  - The mathematical basis of population rhythms in nervous and neuromuscular
      systems.
AB  - The mechanism underlying rhythmical aggregate activity of a population of neural
      or neuromuscular elements is examined in this report. By making use of the
      spectral properties of stochastic processes (Papoulis, 1965), it is shown that
      such population rhythms are the inevitable effect of the rhythmical activities of
      the individual elements, irrespective of the phase relations of the latter. This
      result applies to both "discrete" signals, such as spike trains, and "continuous"
      ones, such as membrane potential fluctuations. It has implications regarding the
      generation of common physiological rhythms and the preservation of rhythms when
      converging activity of one of the above two types is transformed into activity of
      the other type.

PMID- 3699996
TI  - Prefrontal cortex excitability in early postnatally malnourished rats.
AB  - The effect of early postnatal malnutrition on the responsiveness of the rat
      prefrontal cortex was studied by determining excitability thresholds and
      fatigability to direct cortical stimulation. Malnutrition imposed during the
      period of rapid brain growth caused a significant increase of cortical chronaxie
      values as well as increased fatigability of direct cortical responses, indicating
      a detrimental effect on the axodendritic synapses. Since the prefrontal cortex
      plays an important role in the temporal organization of behavior, a dysfunction
      of this cortical area could be a causal link between nutritional and behavioral
      deficits.

PMID- 3699997
TI  - Face memory and discrimination: an analysis of the persistent effects of
      penetrating brain wounds.
AB  - This study was designed to examine the effects of penetrating head injury upon
      face discrimination and memory in 213 brain-injured Vietnam veterans and 49
      normal controls. Impairment on tests of face memory was most associated with
      bilateral lesions and with unilateral lesions of the temporal lobe. Impairment on
      a test of face discrimination was most associated with right hemisphere, and with
      bilateral lesions which included either frontal or parietal lobe involvement.
      Performance on these tasks appeared independent of other visuospatial or verbal
      tasks. Cluster analysis revealed a dissociation between performance on facial
      memory and facial discrimination tasks.

PMID- 3699998
TI  - Another look at VIQ-PIQ scores and unilateral brain damage.
AB  - The relationship of WAIS, VIQ, PIQ and Aphasia Screening scores to unilateral
      brain damage was investigated using 18 subjects with left hemisphere damage (LHD)
      and 19 subjects with right hemisphere damage (RHD). Expected VIQ-PIQ difference
      scores were demonstrated only for the RHD subjects. Aphasia was significantly
      associated with PIQ in the LHD group. ANCOVAR using Aphasia Screening as a
      covariate produced significant LHD versus RHD differences on PIQ. These data
      question the utility of VIQ-PIQ difference scores in the diagnosis of unilateral
      brain damage. Second, the data suggest that LHD "non-verbal" deficits are the
      result of underlying language disturbance and not the consequence of impaired
      visuoperceptive or visuospatial processes.

PMID- 3699999
TI  - Parameters of the event-related potential are related to functioning in the
      mentally retarded.
AB  - Event-related potentials were measured in 39 institutionalized profoundly and
      severely retarded clients divided into two groups: clients assigned to sheltered
      workshop (WS); and clients, residentially matched, but not assigned to workshop
      (NSW). Since the groups differed in intelligence (p less than 0.01) the ERP was
      evaluated by analysis of covariance with IQ as the covariate. The WS group had
      significantly shorter latency of components reflecting initial registration (P1)
      and channeling (N1) of sensory input and significantly greater amplitude of
      indices of enhanced perception (P2) and cognitive elaboration (N2). The WS group
      had significantly more complex waves than the NWS group. A modest (r=0.31, p less
      than 0.05) relationship between P2 and IQ was observed. Multiple correlations of
      composite measures of the ERP with IQ were not significant but higher in the NWS
      than WS group. The possibilities that the ERP be used as a supplemental metric
      for functional evaluation or that the workshop experience might stimulate central
      nervous system plasticity were discussed.

PMID- 3700000
TI  - P3b peak latency dependency on the point of information delivery within a
      stimulus.
AB  - An acoustic matching experiment was conducted consisting of three quasirandom
      conditions in which the sequence of tones comprising the second stimulus was
      changed at the beginning, at the end, or not at all. Latency of maximum
      positivity (P3b) was measured for each subject between Pz and the averaged
      mastoids. Evaluation of mismatch conditions demonstrated that peak latency
      depended on the point of information delivery within the stimulus. Further, peak
      latency within both mismatch conditions, when adjusted for the timing of tone
      sequence change, was approximately equally delayed in comparison to match. The
      implications of the results for information processing models of attention are
      discussed.

PMID- 3700001
TI  - Variables which distinguish among classifications of exceptional children:
      learning disabled, emotionally disturbed, and educable mentally retarded.
AB  - The focus of this study was on children in public school classrooms who had been
      designated for special classes or as in need of special attention. It was the
      intent to take as many variables into account as possible relative to these
      children in order to determine significant associations among them. A
      discriminant analysis identified two functions which contributed to the
      separation of the criterion groups: LD, ED, EMR. Eight variables were found to
      significantly contribute to the discriminating power of the functions,
      classifying correctly 84% of the 62 cases.

PMID- 3700002
TI  - Slow brain potentials and the "tunnel effect".
AB  - The present study investigated electrocortical concomitants of the "tunnel
      effect." The tunnel effect refers to the following perceptual phenomenon: if a
      continuously moving object disappears behind a shield ("enters a tunnel") the
      observer has the impression that the same object continues to move with the time
      point of reappearance usually being underestimated. In the present study, an
      object moved across a tv-screen for 6 s; it either disappeared behind a shield
      (tunnel condition), disappeared at once (explosion condition), or remained
      visible until the end of its trajectory (control condition). Subjects had to
      press a button whenever they believed that the object had arrived at its
      trajectory's end. The object's flight was accompanied by a continuously rising
      slow negative shift of the EEG that resembled the contingent negative variation
      (CNV). Either type of object disappearance produced a positive-going potential
      that may reflect brain processes associated with memory rehearsal and/or time
      estimation. A late P300-like positivity was prominent under tunnel conditions
      only. Response latency was shorter under disappearance than under control
      conditions. The positive deflection is discussed as sign of amodal brain
      processing (memory rehearsal and/or time estimation). The P300-like wave elicited
      by the object's disappearance activates these memory representations. Based on
      these considerations, an attempt was made to interpret the premature motor
      responses, which are commonly observed for tunnel conditions but not for other
      time estimation tasks.

PMID- 3700003
TI  - Ultrastructural study of neuromuscular and vascular changes in connective-tissue
      diseases.
AB  - Ultrastructural changes of the neuromuscular and microvascular systems were
      investigated in muscle biopsies obtained from patients with rheumatoid arthritis,
      systemic lupus erythematosus, dermato- and polymyositis and progressive systemic
      sclerosis. Myofibrillar degeneration, Z-disc streaming, mitochondrial
      abnormalities, alteration of the T system and sarcoplasmic reticulum were the
      main ultrastructural alterations observed in biopsy material. At the same time,
      severe peripheral nerve-fibre lesions were also observed. Thickening of the
      basement membrane around capillaries was repeatedly demonstrated, above all in
      rheumatoid arthritis and progressive systemic sclerosis. Immunocomplexes around
      capillaries and small vessels as well as along the sarcolemmal basement membrane
      were also often demonstrated.

PMID- 3700004
TI  - Treatment of skin diseases of mixed aetiology in outpatients.
AB  - Forty patients with skin diseases were treated by the simultaneous application of
      three creams, the respective bases of which were beclomethasone dipropionate,
      sodium fusidate and ketoconazole. The treatment yielded positive results in 92.5%
      of the treated cases with good relief of symptoms, arrest of growth of pathogenic
      agents, and good local and systemic tolerance. No adverse reactions of any kind
      were observed.

PMID- 3700005
TI  - A study of cellular immunity in newborns after prevention of respiratory distress
      syndrome (RDS).
AB  - Cellular immune responsiveness against infections was evaluated in four groups of
      newborns. The first group was composed of preterm newborns whose mothers had
      received betamethasone for prevention of RDS, the second group of preterm
      newborns whose mothers had received ambroxol for prevention of RDS, the third
      group of preterm newborns whose mothers had not received any drug enhancing
      surfactant production, and the fourth group were healthy-term infants. A
      reduction of OKT4+ cells and functional deficits of neutrophils were found in
      preterm infants born to mothers treated with steroids, whereas no functional
      abnormalities of immune-competent cells were observed in preterm infants born to
      mothers treated with ambroxol.

PMID- 3700006
TI  - Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase.
AB  - In acute inflammation the activated leukocytes generate cytotoxic oxygen free
      radicals. The role of these radical species in the cellular damage following an
      acute inflammatory reaction is well known. On the other hand the extent of the
      cellular damage must be dependent on both the rate of the free-radical generation
      and the scavenging capacity of the tissues. Among the enzymes acting in the
      inhibition of this damage, a key role seems to be played by the new selenoenzyme
      phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase. Indeed the reduction of
      membrane hydroperoxides constitutes a secondary line of defence against lipid
      peroxidation, preventing the decomposition of hydroperoxides leading to the
      formation of new radicals. This enzyme inhibits lipid peroxidation and is as
      active as glutathione peroxidase on phospholipid hydroperoxides, on which no
      previously known peroxidase is active. Its protective activity for biomembranes,
      and the kinetic analysis in the presence of detergents, suggest its interfacial
      character. The inhibition of lipid peroxidation in the membranes apparently
      requires this enzyme, along with glutathione and vitamin E, in order to reduce
      the rate of the initiation reactions. This synergism bears out the role of this
      enzyme in the multilevel defence system against free-radical damage in tissues.

PMID- 3700007
TI  - Emigration stress and language proficiency as correlates of depression in a
      sample of Southeast Asian refugees.
AB  - This research evaluated a stress management, coping skills model of adjustment in
      the analysis of depression in a sample of Laotian refugees living in the
      southeastern United States. Stressful events and experiences during emigration
      and a lack of English proficiency were associated with depressive symptoms, while
      demographic variables and social support were not. English proficiency also
      significantly reduced the impact of acculturative stressors on depression,
      suggesting that language skill may act as a stress buffer in the new cultural
      environment.

PMID- 3700008
TI  - Socio-economic status and mental disorder--profile of a Nigerian psychiatric
      inpatient population.
AB  - A study of the socio-economic and diagnostic profile of psychiatric patients
      treated at a mental hospital in Nigeria over a period of six months was
      conducted. Schizophrenia, organic psychosis, and mental sub-normality were found
      to have been diagnosed more often among under privileged persons from lower socio
      economic classes; while affective disorder (manic depression) and neurotic
      illness were commoner among persons from economically more fortunate higher
      social classes. Males exceeded females in the cohort and the patients generally
      exhibited upward social mobility when compared with their parents. Possible socio
      cultural factors contributing to the findings have been discussed. A suggestion
      is made for a more elaborate field work to study the relationship between socio
      economic class and psychopathology in a developing country like Nigeria.

PMID- 3700009
TI  - Psychosocial transitions: an emotional health comparison.
AB  - Utilizing the standardized Symptom Check List-90 (SCL-90), emotional health
      scores of those experiencing psychosocial transitions were compared. Parents
      whose child died approximately 60 months earlier (N = 62) were compared to new
      immigrants living in absorption centers who arrived approximately 8 months
      earlier (N = 122). Even 5 years after the event, the emotional health of bereaved
      parents appeared to be lower than the new immigrant group. The differences
      appeared more pronounced for females and for the 45 + year old groupings (male
      and female). Depression seemed to be contrary. In most instances, no significant
      difference in depression scores were noted.

PMID- 3700010
TI  - Role conflict: an important dimension of the psychiatric residency.
AB  - An attempt is made to demonstrate that role conflict is an integral and important
      part of the psychiatric residency. As suggested, role conflict leads to
      ineffectivenes and may be one variable, among others, of the stress psychiatric
      residents must cope with during their training. Suggestions are provided for
      approaching role conflict from an educational perspective, thereby diminishing
      the emotional impact, and hopefully enhance the learning process during the
      residency.

PMID- 3700011
TI  - The role of psychiatry and psychotherapy in the peace process.

PMID- 3700012
TI  - Long-term in vitro growth of a heterologous mixed Mullerian tumor of the ovary.
AB  - This paper describes the long-term culture and characterization of a human
      ovarian heterologous mixed Mullerian tumor, initially acquired from a nude mouse
      heterotransplant. Microscope examination of the heterotransplants revealed that
      epithelial and heterologous elements of the original tumor were serially
      transplanted. After an initial 2- to 4-day lag period, the cells entered a linear
      growth phase until confluence was reached and the cells passaged. The cells have
      been in culture for 15-18 months, and passaged approximately 8-10 times. DNA flow
      cytometry of the cultures revealed the presence of two hyperdiploid cell
      populations, presumably the epithelial and heterologous portions of the tumor.
      The cells remain tumorigenic in the nude mouse and form colonies on semisolid
      medium, attesting to the maintenance of their neoplastic identity following long
      term culture. Immunofluorescent labeling for collagen revealed the presence of
      types I, III, V. The presence of types I, III and V collagen was also confirmed
      using gel electrophoresis of radiolabeled collagen from these cells. This is
      consistent with bony tissue, since fibroblasts make types I and III,
      chondrocytes, type II. In view of the poor prognosis of patients bearing these
      aggressive tumors, this in vitro tumor cell line could serve as a useful model
      for the study of this type of carcinoma.

PMID- 3700013
TI  - Successful heterotransplantation of human colon cancer cells to athymic animals
      is related to tumor cell differentiation and growth kinetics and to host natural
      killer cell activity.
AB  - Six established human colon carcinoma cell lines with distinct degrees of cell
      differentiation were inoculated into infant (less than 4 weeks) and adult
      (greater than 8 weeks) nude rats. The most differentiated tumor cells (group I)
      had nearly a 100% rate of tumor takes whether inoculated subcutaneously,
      intraperitoneally, or intracerebrally into adult rats; subcutaneous growth
      continued unabated for a 120-day observation period. Cells with intermediate
      differentiation (group II) had nearly an 80% incidence in tumor takes when
      injected subcutaneously and 14-60% when injected intraperitoneally. Subcutaneous
      growth continued only for about 30 days, after which time growth declined, and
      tumors regressed completely. Intracerebral inoculations of group II cells
      resulted in 64-83% tumor takes. Subcutaneous injections of cells from groups I
      and II into 5- to 10-day-old rats resulted in 100% tumor takes; tumors induced by
      group II did not regress, and after about 60 days reached volumes comparable to
      those originated by cells from group I. No tumors developed when cells from group
      III (undifferentiated) were injected either subcutaneously or intraperitoneally
      (and even intravenously) into adult rats. Only when the intracerebral route was
      employed was there a 60-71% incidence of tumor takes. Also, for one of the cell
      lines in this group, subcutaneous injection into infant rats resulted in 100%
      tumor takes. NK cell activity of infant rats against all of the colon cells
      (measured by the 51Cr release assay) was negligible; in adult rats, the activity
      varied according to the cell type, being usually highest against the less
      differentiated tumors. Our data on the incidence of tumor takes, and on the
      dynamics of tumor growth and decline suggest that successful
      heterotransplantation of human colon carcinoma cells into nude rats depends on
      the activity of host NK cells. In turn, this activity seems related to the degree
      of cell differentiation and the growth kinetics of the xenografted tumor cells.
      These observations highlight important differences in biological characteristics
      of human colon carcinoma with important implications for their intrinsic ability
      to grow and metastasize, and, possibly, their response to biological response
      modifiers.

PMID- 3700014
TI  - Relationship of tumor prostaglandin levels to early recurrence in women with
      primary breast cancer: clinical update.
AB  - We have determined the levels of prostaglandin E (PGE) and PGF in 94 and 111
      primary breast carcinoma specimens, respectively. Tumor specimens were obtained
      at the time of surgery for primary breast cancer from women without detectable
      metastatic disease (other than local lymph nodes). Prostaglandins were solvent
      extracted from tissue homogenates, separated into class by silicic acid
      chromatography and PG levels determined by radioimmunoassay. These findings were
      compared to clinically established prognostic indicators. All samples analyzed
      contained measurable amounts of both PG with a high correlation between levels of
      PGE and PGF. No association was seen between PG levels and either degree of lymph
      node involvement, or estrogen receptor. With increasing tumor grade (less
      differentiation, more pleomorphic nuclei, numerous mitotic figures) higher levels
      of both PGs were seen, but this association was not statistically significant.
      These women have been observed for an average of 30 months postsurgery. During
      that period 20% of tumors have recurred. No significant association were seen
      between either prostaglandin and the development of recurrent disease or death
      due to breast cancer. In contrast to published findings, we saw lower than
      average levels of both E and F in tumors metastasizing to the bone.

PMID- 3700015
TI  - Increase in blood serotonin levels in the hepatic venous outflow after
      intraportal tumour cell injection.
AB  - An important role of platelet-liberated serotonin (5-HT) for the hepatic
      lodgement of intraportally injected tumor cells was suggested in previous
      studies. In the present investigation the inferior caval vein was cannulated for
      determination of 5-HT levels in the hepatic venous outflow in association with
      tumour cell lodgement in the liver. A peak of 5-HT could be demonstrated in the
      inferior caval vein 15 min after intraportal tumour cell injection, indicating
      exposition of the liver to high local concentrations of 5-HT in excess of the
      metabolizing capacity of the liver, associated with tumour cell lodgement.

PMID- 3700016
TI  - Morphological and biochemical studies of canine progressive rod-cone
      degeneration. 3H-fucose autoradiography.
AB  - Visual cell pathology and rod outer segment renewal were investigated in normal
      and PRCD-affected miniature poodles using 3H-fucose autoradiography. Twenty-four
      hours following the intravitreal injection of 3H-fucose, label accumulated
      diffusely over cone OS and in a banded pattern at the rod OS base. In normal
      rods, the band of 3H-label was displaced sclerad with time. PRCD-affected rods in
      the early stages of the disease (stages 0-1) also showed a similar 3H-label
      pattern but a significantly (P less than 0.001) reduced renewal rate (control =
      2.35 +/- 0.43 mu/24 hr; affected = 0.99 +/- mu/24 hr). This abnormal renewal rate
      was present in central, equatorial, and peripheral visual cells and was not
      associated with the presence or density of pigment in the RPE cell layer.
      Biochemical studies indicated that the 3H-label was present as an integral
      membrane component in the rod OS and confirmed that canine rhodopsin is a
      fucosylated glycoprotein. The 3H-band in the rod OS layer disappeared in stage 2
      of the disease; diffuse label now was present over rod OS that had decreased
      length and were reduced in number. At this stage of the disease,
      interphotoreceptor space was invaded by phagocytic cells, and photoreceptor
      nuclei were lost from the outer nuclear layer. These late degenerative changes
      were more extensive in the superior and inferior retinal meridians.

PMID- 3700017
TI  - GABA immunoreactivity in the retina.
AB  - Presumed GABA neurons were studied in chick, guinea pig, and rabbit retinae with
      an immunohistochemical procedure aimed at direct demonstration of the endogenous
      GABA. In all species, a subset of amacrine cells was immunoreactive, as well as
      numerous fibers in the inner plexiform layer. In the chick, immunoreactivity was
      also demonstrated in horizontal cells, and single cell processes could be
      distinguished in both plexiform layers. The study indicates that the endogenous
      stores of GABA in GABAergic neurons can be visualized with immunohistochemical
      techniques. This direct approach thus gives additional information and probably
      is less subject to nonspecific staining than the demonstration of enzymes linked
      to GABA synthesis and metabolism. It also gives superior resolution in comparison
      with the autoradiographic techniques currently used for demonstrating GABA
      neurons. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 27:674-678, 1986.

PMID- 3700018
TI  - The teleost cone cytoskeleton. Localization of actin, microtubules, and
      intermediate filaments.
AB  - This laboratory has been using the teleost retinal cone as a model for studying
      the mechanisms and regulation of retinal cell motility. In previous inhibitor
      studies, the authors have shown that dark-induced cone elongation requires
      microtubules, whereas light-induced contraction requires actin filaments. This
      study examines the distributions of actin filaments, microtubules, and
      intermediate filaments in the cone cytoskeleton. Actin filaments have been
      localized in isolated cones by labeling with fluorescent derivatives of
      phalloidin; microtubules were localized by immunofluorescent labeling with anti
      tubulin. Actin, microtubule, and intermediate filament distributions have also
      been examined in detergent-lysed motile cell models of cones fixed with a new
      method that enhances preservation of the cytoskeleton. Longitudinal bundles of
      actin filaments extend from the cone's calycal processes through the ellipsoid
      and into the myoid. No actin filaments are detectable in the perinuclear region
      and axon, but filaments are present in both pre- and post-synaptic components of
      the synapse. Intermediate filaments are numerous in the perinuclear region and
      cone axon but relatively sparse in the myoid. In contrast, microtubule
      distribution is more uniform: numerous longitudinally oriented microtubules are
      present throughout the length of the cell. Thus the cone cytoskeleton reflects
      the highly polarized shape and function of the cell, with actin filaments
      localized to the distal movable part of the cell and intermediate filaments
      localized to the proximal part of the cell, which is anchored in the retina.

PMID- 3700019
TI  - Age-related changes of the retinal pigment epithelium of cats with Chediak
      Higashi syndrome.
AB  - The eyes of 7, 9, and 11-year-old Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS)-affected cats
      were examined by light, fluorescence, and electron microscopy. Numerous round to
      oval bodies of various sizes were associated with the retinal pigment epithelium
      (RPE). These bodies stained positively with periodic acid-Schiff. They also
      displayed a bright yellow autofluorescence and stained positively with a
      prolonged Ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast method for demonstration of lipofuscin,
      suggesting that they contained lipofuscin or a lipofuscin-like material.
      Ultrastructural examination disclosed the bodies to be secondary lysosomes and
      large to giant-sized residual bodies. Many of the residual bodies were
      extracellular and formed drusen-like mounds, covered by deposits of basal lamina,
      beneath the RPE. Also evident were scattered degenerated RPE cells and other RPE
      cells that had detached and migrated into the interphotoreceptor space. The
      presence of drusenoid bodies, and the loss of cells from the RPE monolayer in CHS
      eyes have not been reported previously. Many of the changes in the CHS cat eyes
      resemble those in non-CHS aging eyes of man and other species.

PMID- 3700020
TI  - Absence of degenerative changes in retinal and uveal capillary pericytes in
      diabetic rats.
AB  - Ultrastructural morphometric techniques were used to quantify pericyte
      degeneration in retinal and uveal capillaries of streptozotocin-diabetic rats in
      order to assess the suitability of this small rodent model of diabetes for
      studies of the pathogenesis of microvascular eye disease in diabetic humans.
      Male, Sprague-Dawley rats were killed by intraaortic perfusion of fixative 6 and
      9 mos after induction of diabetes with 50 mg/kg streptozotocin. No differences
      were evident between diabetics and age-matched controls in capillary
      circumference, numbers of endothelial cells per capillary, and capillary
      cytoplasmic area of retinal, choroidal, and iridial vessels. Capillary basement
      membrane width and the percentage of the capillary circumference covered by
      pericytes were increased in retinas of diabetic vs age-matched control rats after
      9 mos of diabetes (P less than 0.05), but no differences were evident in the
      number of pericyte processes per capillary and the percentage of vessels with
      pericyte nuclei. No differences in pericyte distributions were observed between
      control and diabetic rats in the choriocapillaris and iris after 9 mos of
      diabetes. These findings indicate that retinal capillary basement membrane
      thickening precedes any evidence of pericyte degenerative changes and suggest
      that pericyte degeneration analogous to that associated with human diabetic
      microangiopathy does not occur in this experimental animal model.

PMID- 3700021
TI  - Retinal blood flow autoregulation in response to an acute increase in blood
      pressure.
AB  - The response of the retinal circulation to an acute elevation in systemic blood
      pressure was studied in three healthy normotensive volunteers using the
      noninvasive laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) technique combined with retinal
      vessel size measurements. Isometric exercise was employed to induce the acute
      rise in arterial pressure. There was no detectable change in retinal blood flow
      until the mean brachial artery blood pressure was elevated to an average of 115
      mm Hg, which represented an average rise in mean blood pressure of 41% above
      baseline values. Above this value, blood flow increased along with further
      increments in blood pressure. The parallel rise between the ophthalmic artery
      pressure and the brachial artery pressure indicates that the regulation of
      retinal blood flow observed in the above mentioned pressure range is achieved
      through an increase in retinal vascular resistance rather than by a mechanism
      that would act to maintain a constant ocular perfusion pressure.

PMID- 3700022
TI  - Polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E in rat rod outer segments during light
      damage.
AB  - Previous evidence suggests that lipid peroxidation may initiate photoreceptor
      damage induced by constant light exposure. In order to investigate the role of
      the antioxidant vitamin E in light damage, Long-Evans (pigmented) rats were
      atropinized and exposed to constant fluorescent light (Vita-Lite) of 10-20 foot
      candles for intervals up to 5 days. Following light exposure, retinal rod outer
      segments (ROS) were prepared and their lipids extracted. Retinas processed in
      parallel for morphological examination showed progressive ROS deterioration and
      selective loss of photoreceptor cells at 3 and 5 days of constant light. Similar
      to previous observations in undilated albino rats, constant illumination resulted
      in the specific loss of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 omega 3) in the ROS. A novel
      finding in this study was an increase in the content of vitamin E relative to
      lipid phosphorus, stearic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid in the ROS of constant
      light-exposed animals.

PMID- 3700023
TI  - Tissue responses of the monkey retina: tuning and dependence on inner layer
      integrity.
AB  - Recent technical and conceptual advances have made it possible to experiment with
      models of local human inner retinal disease and changes in very small, tissue
      specific signals. Local retrograde degeneration of the ganglion cells was induced
      in four rhesus monkeys by 160 degrees microdiathermy fiber layer burns at the
      nasal or temporal edges of the optic disc. There were no abnormalities of the
      classical electroretinograms (ERGs) during the following 210 days. With nasal
      lesions, pattern-evoked retinal (PERR) and cortical responses over a range of
      grating contrasts and spatial frequencies were largely normal. The authors found
      a cortical spatial tuning peak near 0.5 cycles/deg (cpd) and a retinal peak at
      0.25-0.3 cpd. With temporal lesions, the retinal signals to high frequency
      stimuli (greater than 1.0 cpd) approached zero between 20-60 days. The cortical
      evoked signal declined with a course similar to the retinal components.
      Histological evidence was found for extensive loss of ganglion cells and fibers
      in a central 30-40 degrees temporal area, including the macula, 210 days after
      the temporal lesions. This is strong evidence that local ganglion cell-dependent
      electrical potentials, bearing little relation to the ERG, can be measured in
      response to selected stimuli.

PMID- 3700024
TI  - In vitro production of glycosaminoglycans by retinal microvessel cells and lens
      epithelium.
AB  - Analysis of bovine lens capsules and retinal microvessel basement membranes by
      cellulose acetate electrophoresis, together with treatment by specific enzymes or
      by nitrous acid, reveals that heparan sulfate is the only demonstrable
      glycosaminoglycan (GAG), consistent with the observations of most other
      investigators on basement membrane preparations from several different tissues.
      When bovine retinal microvessel pericytes or endothelial cells or bovine lens
      epithelial cells are grown in culture in the presence of [35S]-sulfate or [3H]
      glucosamine, however, both cellulose acetate electrophoresis and gel filtration
      chromatography reveal that the cultured pericytes synthesize primarily
      chondroitin sulfate, whereas the lens epithelial cells and microvascular
      endothelial cells produce a mixture of GAGs consisting of approximately 60%
      heparan sulfate and 40% chondroitin sulfate. The chondroitin sulfate chains have
      an Mr of 70,000, but the Mr of the heparan sulfate chains is 10,000, based on gel
      filtration chromatography on Sepharose CL-6B. Hence, cell culture conditions may
      produce phenotypic modulation of the biosynthetic capacities of these cells for
      GAGs. However, the difference between the in vitro and in vivo findings may in
      part be explained if many of the chondroitin sulfate GAGs synthesized in vitro
      are cell associated and are not incorporated into the basement membrane.

PMID- 3700026
TI  - Aging of lens fibers. Mapping membrane proteins with monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Lens fiber proteins with apparent molecular weights 57,000, 70,000, 82,000, and
      100,000 were components in urea insoluble, membrane-rich fractions. Monoclonal
      antibodies against these proteins labeled membranes by immunofluorescence
      microscopy of sheep lens cryosections and are thus referred to as membrane
      proteins MP57, MP70, MP82, and MP100. MP70 has previously been localized in fiber
      junctional membranes (Kistler et al 1985, J Cell Biol 101:28-35). Using
      radioimmunoassays, the authors found a different membrane protein composition for
      the cortical and nuclear sheep lens regions. In addition, the membrane protein
      composition altered with the overall lens age. All the above membrane antigens
      were eventually cleaved by proteolysis in older fibers, and their degradation
      patterns could be grouped into distinct classes. The results are of basic
      importance for cataract research.

PMID- 3700025
TI  - Rat lens cultures: MIP expression and domains of intercellular coupling.
AB  - A simple means of establishing a differentiating rat lens culture system is
      presented which exhibits a high degree of both morphologic and biochemical
      differentiation along lens-specific lines. Morphological differentiation includes
      cell enlargement, displacement from the cell substratum, and the loss of
      intracellular organelles. Biochemical differentiation includes the de novo
      synthesis of the Main Intrinsic Polypeptide (MIP), a putative fiber cell
      junctional polypeptide, as well as the synthesis of the beta and gamma
      crystallins. Mapping of domains of intercellular communication as defined by the
      spread of intracellularly injected Lucifer Yellow CH and electrical coupling, are
      compared to the distribution of biochemically and morphologically differentiated
      cells.

PMID- 3700027
TI  - Physical factors in cataractogenesis: ambient ultraviolet radiation and
      temperature.
AB  - A number of environmental cofactors have been implicated in cataracto-genesis.
      Two have received the greatest attention: ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and ambient
      temperature. Unfortunately, both temperature and UVR levels vary similarly with
      geographical latitude. Careful attention to several more refined physical
      variables and the geometry of exposure may permit investigators to separate the
      contributory effects of these two physical agents. This paper briefly reviews the
      available data, estimates the variation of lenticular temperature with ambient
      temperature, and provides measurements of short-wavelength (UV-B) UVR exposure to
      the human eye with different meterological conditions. The study attempts to
      provide epidemiological investigators with more detailed information necessary to
      perform more accurate studies of cataract and other ocular pathologies that
      appear to be related to environmental factors. Ocular UV-B radiation exposure
      levels were measured at nine locations in the USA near 40 degrees latitude at
      elevations from sea level to 8000 ft. Terrain reflectance is shown to be much
      more important than terrain elevation; cloud cover and haze may actually increase
      ocular exposure; and the value of wearing brimmed hats and spectacles varies with
      the environment. Several avenues for future research are suggested.

PMID- 3700028
TI  - Autofluorescence of the lens in diabetic and healthy subjects by
      fluorophotometry.
AB  - Autofluorescence (lambda = 530 nm) of the human lens was determined as a function
      of age by fluorophotometry in insulin-dependent diabetics and in healthy
      controls. Statistical analysis revealed a significant linear age dependency for
      both groups (7.98 ng eq X ml-1 y-1 for diabetic patients, P less than 0.001 and
      6.36 ng eq X ml-1 y-1 for healthy controls, P less than 0.001) and a significant
      dependency on diabetes duration (8.78 ng eq X ml-1 per year of diabetes duration,
      P less than 0.001). The increase with age was found from about zero value at
      early childhood.

PMID- 3700029
TI  - Interocular differences of the visual field in normal subjects.
AB  - One way of judging if a visual field is abnormal, particularly when a patient has
      unilateral or asymmetric disease, is to compare the suspicious visual field to
      that of the normal eye. This assumes that in normal individuals the two visual
      fields are symmetrical. To determine the extent of normal symmetry, the authors
      examined the central visual fields of both eyes of 20 normal subjects with
      program 30-2 of the Humphrey perimeter. The inter-ocular sensitivity difference
      at single pairs of locations ranged from 0 to 9 decibels with large differences
      occurring most frequently in the upper field. Confidence intervals constructed
      from this set of normal data predict that asymmetry exceeding 6 decibels should
      occur in fewer than 1% of test locations and that asymmetry of overall mean
      sensitivity exceeding 1.4 decibels should occur in fewer than 1% of normal
      subjects.

PMID- 3700030
TI  - Visual field defects for vergence eye movements and for stereomotion perception.
AB  - An objective visual field can be mapped in terms of stimulus-induced eye
      movement. The authors used the scleral coil technique to record vergence and
      conjugate eye movements while stimulating different visual field locations with a
      3 X 3 deg target whose image vergence was oscillated. For each of three subjects
      tested there was a visual field location where vergence eye movements were much
      weaker than in a control location of equal retinal eccentricity. On the other
      hand, conjugate eye movements driven from these two locations by lateral motion
      were similar. Field defects for ocular vergence coincided with regions in which
      oscillating retinal disparity failed to produce a sensation of motion in depth,
      although visual responses to static disparity were normal, and psychophysical
      thresholds for lateral motion showed no defect with either binocular or monocular
      viewing. It was concluded, therefore, that the perceptual stereomotion scotomata
      were not due to a monocular loss, but to a defective binocular interaction
      between motion signals from the left and right eyes, and that this defective
      interaction was specific for opposed rather than parallel motion in the two eyes.
      Furthermore, the visual loss was specific for motion rather than for position.
      The correlation between the field defects for ocular vergence and stereomotion
      perception leads the authors to suggest that the same defect in binocular
      interaction is responsible for both the eye movement and sensory abnormalities.
      Two candidate hypotheses are proposed: one is framed in terms of a single
      population, and the other in terms of two populations of cortical neurons.

PMID- 3700031
TI  - Adaptation of tonic accommodation reduces accommodative lag and is masked in
      darkness.
AB  - Tonic aftereffects of accommodation were investigated under three open loop
      conditions; Maxwellian view (pin hole pupil), empty field, and darkness. Duration
      of accommodative aftereffects, following 5 sec of adaptation, ranged within
      several seconds for all three open loop conditions. After adapting for 1 min to a
      2-D stimulus, the duration of accommodative aftereffects increased by
      approximately an order of magnitude for the Maxwellian view and empty field
      conditions; however, they increased modestly for the dark condition. Tonic
      aftereffects of accommodation were also stimulated by convergence with base out
      prism or divergence with base in prism while the accommodative loop was opened.
      The ratio of open-loop aftereffect amplitude/closed-loop accommodative response
      to lenses ranged from 0.95 to 0.48, and it became smaller when the accommodative
      stimulus approached the amplitude of accommodation. The rapid decay of tonic
      aftereffects of accommodation in darkness was reversable when a visible stimulus
      was presented while the accommodative loop was opened by Maxwellian view or empty
      field. Hence, darkness only masked aftereffects that were manifest primarily when
      there was light stimulation of the retina. The amplitudes of accommodative
      aftereffects were reciprocally related to the amplitude of the lag of
      accommodation. During a 2-min adaptation period, accommodative response increased
      gradually for 30-60 sec as it approached the amplitude of the accommodative
      stimulus. This resulted in a reduction of accommodative error or lag. Opening the
      accommodative loop before or after the lag was reduced resulted in a small or
      large aftereffect of accommodation respectively. Accommodative aftereffects
      appear to be related to accommodative lag as prism adaptation is related to
      fixation disparity.

PMID- 3700032
TI  - Shape and distribution of astrocytes in the cat retina.
AB  - Astrocytes in the adult cat retina were stained by immunocytochemical
      localization of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a major constituent of
      the astrocytic intermediate filaments. Their density in whole mounted retinae
      showed a peak of about 2000 astrocytes/mm2 at the optic nerve head and dropped to
      approximately 200 astrocytes/mm2 in the far periphery. At the central area a
      prominent local minimum of astrocyte density was found. The shape of astrocytes
      changed from a stellate form in the outermost retinal periphery to an elongated
      form in the central part of the retina with the majority of astroglial processes
      aligned in parallel with the ganglion cell axons. Results in the cat retina
      suggest a close correlation between astrocytes and optic nerve fibers, the latter
      presumably being involved in the establishment of the astrocytic network.

PMID- 3700033
TI  - A monoclonal antibody that binds to cones.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody that binds to cones has been produced. This antibody, 50
      1B11, binds to the outer segments of cones in rhesus monkeys. Immunohistochemical
      experiments indicate that 50-1B11 binds to a subset of photoreceptors, probably
      cones, in all vertebrate species tested thus far, including man. In vitro
      experiments on chicken retina indicate that the antigen is intracellular and
      associated with the plasma membrane, while electronmicroscopic
      immunohistochemical studies demonstrate that the antigen is contained in the
      lamellae of the outer segments of rhesus cones.

PMID- 3700034
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of fibronectin to the retinal pigment epithelium
      of the rat.
AB  - Fibronectin is an anionic asialoglycoprotein that is found on a variety of cell
      types. This study was undertaken in an attempt to localize fibronectin to the rat
      retinal pigment epithelium with ultrastructural immunocytochemistry. Using Fab
      HRP conjugates specific for fibronectin, reaction product was localized on the
      surface of the apical processes and within the cell to GERL. After treatment of
      tissue by the biotin-avidin method employing ferritin-avidin, ferritin particles
      marked the apical processes in a quasi-regular distribution. Tufts of particles
      were separated by a linear distance of 65-85 nm. Fibronectin was not localized to
      rod outer segments.

PMID- 3700035
TI  - Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein in retinal rod cells and pineal
      gland.
AB  - Immunoelectron microscopic staining demonstrates Interphotoreceptor Retinoid
      Binding Protein (IRBP) in monkey rod cell cytoplasm with virtually none in cone
      cells. The pineal also contains significant amounts of IRBP demonstrating a
      similarity of pinealocytes to rod but not cone photoreceptors.

PMID- 3700036
TI  - Quantitation of differential sensitivity of normal marrow myeloid progenitor
      cells to anthracene derivatives.
AB  - The effect of 3 anthracene derivatives, mitoxantrone, ametantrone, bisantrene, on
      4 normal human bone marrows, was studied using the myeloid stem cell assay
      developed by Pike and Robinson, in order to define to what extent this test could
      be used to predict the relative clinical hematologic toxicity of new anticancer
      agents. For the 3 drugs, an exponential relationship between colony survival and
      drug concentration was found, but was much steeper for mitoxantrone (slope = 
      195.2 +/- 8.8/micrograms/ml) than for ametantrone (slope = 5.1 +/-
      1.0/micrograms/ml, p less than or equal to 0.001) and bisantrene (slope = 7.1 +/-
      0.3/micrograms/ml, p less than or equal to 0.001). The difference of slope
      between ametantrone and bisantrene was of borderline significance (p less than or
      equal to 0.05). The ratios of concentrations inducing a 50% growth inhibition for
      mitoxantrone versus bisantrene and for ametantrone versus bisantrene were close
      to the corresponding ratios of concentrations inducing a 90% growth inhibition.
      The relative in vitro toxicities reproduce very well the relative
      myelosuppression observed in clinical trials with mitoxantrone versus bisantrene
      but the results were less satisfactory for the comparison of these 2 agents with
      ametantrone. In addition, our data suggest that, for these 3 compounds, intrinsic
      myeloid progenitor sensitivity is a major determinant of leukopenia.

PMID- 3700037
TI  - Biochemical and biological activity of the anthracycline analog, 4-demethyl-6-O
      methyl-doxorubicin.
AB  - The chromophore-modified derivative of doxorubicin, 4-demethyl-6-O-methyl
      doxorubicin, has been tested for antitumor activity in a range of experimental
      murine tumor systems. In contrast to the inactive 6-O-methyl derivative of
      daunorubicin, 4-demethyl-6-O-methyl-doxorubicin provided antitumor effects
      comparable to that of the parent compound. In addition, detailed DNA-interaction
      studies showed that the doxorubicin derivative retains the ability to bind DNA by
      the intercalation mechanism. However, the binding affinity was appreciably
      reduced following structural modification in the anthraquinone chromophore. On
      the basis of the proposed models of intercalation, these results could be
      rationalized in terms of steric influence of the bulky methoxy group. The results
      of this study are in agreement with the correlation already observed between DNA
      binding and relative antitumor activity of anthracyclines.

PMID- 3700038
TI  - Comparison of the colony forming ability and invasive potential of six primate
      cell lines treated with retinoic acid.
AB  - Four human and two nonhuman primate cell lines were studied to determine their
      growth characteristics in soft agar, and for invasive characteristics in a muscle
      organ culture assay system. The cell lines ranged from normal human diploid to
      frankly tumorigenic in animal models. Additional studies were performed to assess
      the effects of retinoic acid (RA) on colony forming ability and invasion. The
      results showed a wide range of cloning efficiencies among the cell lines tested,
      as well as the degree of invasiveness. Of the soft agar growth parameters
      studied, colony growth index correlated best with invasion in the organ culture
      assay. RA significantly inhibited the growth of the tumor cells in soft agar, but
      failed to inhibit invasion in the organ culture assay although there was
      inhibition of surface proliferation. The data are consistent with the suggestion
      that cell proliferation and invasion are not necessarily linked characteristics.

PMID- 3700040
TI  - Phase II trial of acivicin in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian
      carcinoma. A Gynecologic Oncology Group Study.
AB  - Twenty-four evaluable patients with epithelial ovarian cancer resistant to
      primary therapy, or relapsing after response to initial therapy, were treated
      with acivicin utilizing a daily X 5 schedule. One patient achieved a partial
      response lasting five months; the remaining 23 patients showed no objective
      response. Profound and dose-limiting neurological toxicity was seen in 11
      patients. Acivicin is inactive in patients with previously treated ovarian cancer
      and has a poor therapeutic index due to neurologic adverse effects in this
      patient population. The profound neurotoxicity may be related to prior therapy
      with cisplatin, to protein binding in ascitic fluid accumulations or to yet
      undefined parameters.

PMID- 3700039
TI  - Novantrone for childhood malignant solid tumors. A pediatric oncology group phase
      II study.
AB  - One hundred one patients with advanced pediatric malignant solid tumors,
      refractory to conventional chemotherapy, were given Novantrone in a Phase II
      study. A dosage of 18 mg/m2 was administered as a short intravenous infusion
      every 3 weeks. One complete and 2 partial responses were observed among 26
      patients treated for rhabdomyosarcoma; one of 22 patients with neuroblastoma
      developed a partial response. Nausea and vomiting were uncommon. Leukopenia
      and/or granulocytopenia developed in 90 of 98 evaluable entries. Two patients
      developed fatal congestive heart failure, which may have been related to the fact
      that these patients previously had received doxorubicin; 3 other patients
      developed evidence of changes in cardiac function, without congestive heart
      failure. Evidence of activity of this agent in patients who had previously
      received doxorubicin suggests that Novantrone should be evaluated in pediatric
      subjects with malignant solid tumors who have had no prior exposure to
      anthracyclines.

PMID- 3700041
TI  - A phase II study of dihydroxyanthracenedione (DHAD, mitoxantrone, NSC 301739) in
      advanced malignant melanoma.
AB  - The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) conducted a phase II trial of
      Dihydroxyanthracenedione (DHAD, Mitoxantrone, NSC 301739) in 28 patients with
      advanced malignant melanoma, none of whom had received prior cytotoxic
      chemotherapy. 27 of 28 patients were ECOG performance status 0 or 1. Mitoxantrone
      was administered at a dose of 12 mg/M2 as a 30-45 minute intravenous infusion
      repeated every 3 weeks as toxicity and response permitted. Dose limiting toxicity
      was myelosuppression. No cardiotoxicity was encountered in this study. In this
      optimal group of patients, only one partial response to Mitoxantrone was
      observed. At this dose and schedule, Mitoxantrone has no clinically worthwhile
      activity against malignant melanomas.

PMID- 3700043
TI  - The effect of varying high pass filter parameters on the detectability of
      isolated pulmonary nodules in digitized chest images.
AB  - The effect of image processing of digital radiographic data on lesion
      detectability in clinical images has not been systematically studied. In this
      experiment, we evaluated a low frequency suppression filter program applied to CT
      digital radiographic localization images (General Electric Scoutview). Three
      different filter parameters affecting edge enhancement and local image contrast
      were applied to a set of digital chest images. A standard observer detection
      experiment comparing the variously filtered digital images and standard chest
      radiographs in the detection of lung nodules (11 peripheral lung fields, one
      superimposed on aortic arch) was performed. Standard chest radiography was more
      sensitive than the digital chest images, although some improvement was noted with
      increase in local image contrast and edge enhancement. Both image formats were
      equally specific. Image processing would be better evaluated using a digital
      imaging system with better performance parameters.

PMID- 3700042
TI  - High dose AZQ in renal cancer. A Southwest Oncology Group phase II study.
AB  - Fifty-seven patients with renal cancer were treated with AZQ, utilizing one of
      three IV push schedules. Only one partial response was seen in 55 evaluable
      patients, and considerable myelosuppression was encountered. Gastrointestinal
      toxicity was more severe in those patients who had received prior treatment. At
      these higher doses AZQ is deemed an inactive agent in patients with renal cell
      carcinoma, at least when the drug is administered as a push schedule.

PMID- 3700044
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging in patients with diplopia. A review.
AB  - Magnetic resonance imaging may be the procedure of choice for evaluating patients
      with diplopia; the absence of signals from cortical bone enables the brain stem
      and individual cranial nerves to be visualized and the imaging planes selected
      easily, and there is excellent contrast resolution of pathologic lesions. A
      clinical assessment of diplopia including the identification of associated
      neurologic disturbances is necessary prior to MR imaging, however, to assure that
      appropriate anatomic areas are studied and imaging sessions kept within
      acceptable time limits. The relevant physiology and anatomy critical to normal
      ocular motility are reviewed and the value of MR imaging for diplopia
      demonstrated by selected patient examples.

PMID- 3700045
TI  - Effects of mitotic activity and water content on the proton relaxation times in
      partially hepatectomized and sham-operated rat livers.
AB  - Proton relaxation times, T1 and T2, water content, and mitotic activity in
      control, sham-operated and partially hepatectomized rat livers were measured
      before surgery, and at 28 hours, 48 hours and six days after surgery. T1, water
      content, and mitotic activity increased after partial hepatectomy, but T1 was
      also elevated after sham operations, whereas neither water content nor mitotic
      activity changed. T2 was unaffected by either procedure. The T1 changed is more
      likely to be the result of surgery related stress than of changes in water
      content or growth rate.

PMID- 3700046
TI  - In vitro long-term perfusion of different materials for biliary endoprostheses.
AB  - An in vitro perfusion of Teflon, polyethylene, polyurethane, and Percuflex TM
      catheters with human bile was performed to estimate the incrustation rate of the
      different materials. Microscopic and chemical analyses revealed the highest
      incrustation rate on Teflon and the lowest on polyurethane (about four times
      lower than on Teflon). For each material the probable minimum value for the
      duration of patency of an endoprostheses of a 3-mm inner diameter was calculated.

PMID- 3700047
TI  - Bone mass measured by photonabsorptiometry and radiogrammetry in Wistar rats. Age
      and sex variations.
AB  - Using radiogrammetric and photonabsorptiometric methods, we determined changes in
      bone mass in Wistar rats as a function of age and sex. In the four age groups
      studied (10-, 18-, 30-, and 78-week-old rats), males displayed greater bone mass
      than females. With increasing age, bone mass also increases up to the 78th week.
      However, the rate of this increase was slower in the 78-week age group. Whereas
      the length and periosteal diameter of the bones studied were increased in old age
      groups, the endosteal diameter decreased in females and increased in males. The
      results show that, unlike human bone, rat bone mass persistently increases with
      aging, and female rats continue to gain bone at the endosteal site. Furthermore,
      these findings demonstrate that radiogrammetric morphometry and
      photonabsorptiometry may be used as an experimental tool to investigate bone mass
      changes in small animals.

PMID- 3700049
TI  - Intracranial mass in a neonate.

PMID- 3700048
TI  - Effect of various contrast media on coagulation, fibrinolysis, and platelet
      function. An in vitro and in vivo study.
AB  - An in vitro and in vivo study of the effect of ionic and nonionic contrast media
      (CM) on coagulation and platelet function is reported. The methods employed were
      tests for extrinsic and intrinsic coagulation together with a fibrinolytic
      parameter and aggregation using ADP and collagen as inducers. The in vivo study
      utilized patients undergoing routine cerebral angiography. The in vitro results
      showed a modest influence of the nonionic CM in contrast to the ionic. The marked
      inhibitory effect of the latter was mainly caused by inherent toxicity,
      osmolality/ionic strength being of minor importance. The in vivo results showed a
      negligible influence of CM on systemic hemostatic parameters, but catheter
      derived samples indicated desirability of premedication with ASA or heparin. The
      nonionic CM caused less discomfort than the ionic CM.

PMID- 3700051
TI  - Pattern recognition in diffuse lung disease. A review of theory and practice.

PMID- 3700050
TI  - Radiologic-pathologic-clinical correlation in mechanisms of disease course.
AB  - The interdisciplinary approach to medical education has often been deficient in
      medical school curricula. Because of the nonintegrated approach to medical
      education, problem solving capabilities are not fostered. The clinical
      presentation of a patient, the imaging modalities used to investigate the
      patient, and the ultimate pathologic diagnosis are frequently not correlated. At
      the University of Miami School of Medicine/Jackson Memorial Medical Center,
      radiology coordinates, along with pathology and the various clinical medicine
      sections, a Mechanisms of Disease course for sophomore students. This course
      serves as a "bridge" between the basic sciences (first two years) and the
      clinical years (last two years). We utilize a Radiologic-Pathologic-Clinical
      (RPC) correlation approach to problem-solving and algorithms to teach proper
      problem-solving techniques.

PMID- 3700052
TI  - Biotechnology--it's alive and well at Iowa.

PMID- 3700053
TI  - Cine CT today only 'tip of the iceberg'.

PMID- 3700054
TI  - A new perspective for UI medical students.

PMID- 3700055
TI  - New UI cure for writers' cramps.

PMID- 3700056
TI  - UI survey explores child health services.

PMID- 3700057
TI  - Otitis media in children: overview of therapeutic and prophylactic regimens.

PMID- 3700058
TI  - Examinations for employees/residents in health care facilities.

PMID- 3700059
TI  - Evidence that the amino acid composition of the particle proteins of plant
      viruses is characteristic of the virus group. I. Multidimensional classification
      of plant viruses.
AB  - The amino acid (AA) contents of the coat proteins of 134 plant viruses and
      strains were classified by principal components analysis. The virus groupings
      that were obtained correlated well with the classification of Matthews. The
      relationships of each virus were dependent on the number of AA residues (axis 1)
      and on the percentage composition of each AA in the proteins (axes 2-4). The
      classification indicated which data were anomalous and needed confirmation. There
      seemed to be more anomalies in estimates of protein size than of protein
      composition.

PMID- 3700060
TI  - Systemic lupus erythematosus in Ireland: a review of 50 patients.

PMID- 3700061
TI  - A comparative study of the behaviour of the neonate following various forms of
      maternal intrapartum analgesia and anaesthesia.

PMID- 3700062
TI  - Salivary progesterone measurements in the normal menstrual cycle.

PMID- 3700063
TI  - Behavioural assessment of the neonate.

PMID- 3700064
TI  - Trends in mortality from cardiovascular diseases in Northern Ireland.

PMID- 3700065
TI  - Menetrier's disease presenting with deep venous thrombosis, iron deficiency
      anaemia and early evolution to atrophic gastritis.

PMID- 3700066
TI  - Torsion of an intra-abdominal seminoma.

PMID- 3700067
TI  - Congenital dislocation of the hip.

PMID- 3700068
TI  - Primary vaginismus (Part 1): Social and clinical features.

PMID- 3700069
TI  - Primary vaginismus (Part 2): Aetiological factors.

PMID- 3700070
TI  - Incidence of varicose ulcers in Ireland.

PMID- 3700071
TI  - Adverse neurological response to amiodarone.

PMID- 3700072
TI  - Juvenile chronic arthritis associated with systemic vasculitis.

PMID- 3700073
TI  - The Baby Doe regulations: another view of change.

PMID- 3700074
TI  - The logical case for "wrongful life".
AB  - Suits that claim that a child would be better off never having been born often
      founder on conceptual and logical dilemmas. However, the correct interpretation
      of "wrongful life" does not require a comparison between existence and
      nonexistence. The New Jersey Supreme Court's decision in the Procanik case to
      limit damages to extraordinary medical expenses, barring recovery for pain and
      suffering, is a reasonable resolution.

PMID- 3700075
TI  - The anencephalic newborn as organ donor.

PMID- 3700077
TI  - How to set a cut off point for the ELISA test.

PMID- 3700076
TI  - Prevention--how misuse of a concept undercuts its worth.
AB  - Some health leaders and researchers have launched mass prevention programs
      without sound biomedical groundwork. They have oversold the benefits of
      prevention and underestimated the secondary effects. Some have forced nonmedical
      concerns into the medical model. Others have blurred the distinctions between
      prevention and other measures such as screening or therapy. Some have transferred
      responsibility for disease to the victim. A few have imputed magical powers to
      certain symbols of prevention, in order to create an illusion of control.

PMID- 3700078
TI  - A schizophrenic decision on Conroy.

PMID- 3700079
TI  - Dissenting views on informed consent.

PMID- 3700080
TI  - Health policy on the town meeting agenda.
AB  - American Health Decisions, a movement that started in Oregon, has spread to
      several other states. Through the media and widespread public discussion, the
      projects aim to increase public awareness about the individual and societal
      dimensions of ethical choices in health care.

PMID- 3700081
TI  - The Baby Doe rule: still a threat.
AB  - Current federal policy, as reflected in the final Baby Doe rule, will have a
      chilling effect on the ability of doctors to care appropriately for severely
      disabled infants. The policy threatens to prolong life unjustifiably for such
      infants. It will force physicians to violate a duty to do no harm without
      compensating benefit. And it raises serious problems for the just distribution of
      health care.

PMID- 3700082
TI  - Male infertility: the sperm penetration assay.

PMID- 3700083
TI  - Prevention of postoperative infections in colon surgery.

PMID- 3700084
TI  - Headache clinics: their role in health care systems and science.

PMID- 3700085
TI  - The diagnostic value of high resolution computerized tomography in post-traumatic
      head pain patients.

PMID- 3700087
TI  - Clinical features of stroke in migraine: a review.

PMID- 3700086
TI  - Dexamethasone suppression test in cluster headache.

PMID- 3700089
TI  - A correlative study of immunoglobulin isotype expression in common migraine.

PMID- 3700088
TI  - A new immunological aspect of cluster headache: the increase of monocyte and NK
      cell populations.

PMID- 3700090
TI  - Migraine, mitral valve prolapse and platelet function in the pediatric age group.

PMID- 3700091
TI  - Unnecessary dental treatment of headache patients.

PMID- 3700092
TI  - Head injury rehabilitation in Edinburgh.

PMID- 3700093
TI  - The chief scientist reports ... head injury and the rehabilitation professions in
      the West of Scotland.

PMID- 3700094
TI  - The appropriate use of diagnostic services: (VI). Which biochemical liver tests
      should we use?

PMID- 3700095
TI  - Are cohort studies on heavy drinkers feasible in general practice?

PMID- 3700096
TI  - A study of attendance patterns in general practice over three years.

PMID- 3700097
TI  - Registered nursing home places caring for the elderly within Scotland.

PMID- 3700098
TI  - A unit for the physiological assessment of colonic and ano-rectal disorders--its
      activities over a two-year period.

PMID- 3700099
TI  - [What happened to Brocq's types of erythroderma congenitalis ichthyosiformis?].
AB  - The group of severe congenital ichthyoses defined as congenital ichthyosiform
      erythroderma by Brocq represents a heterogeneous disease entity including at
      least five genodermatoses.

PMID- 3700100
TI  - [Normal pH value of human skin].
AB  - Today, the term "normal skin pH" is understood to be the pH value of the surface
      of the skin of the lower arm of a healthy adult male Caucasian. Its mean value
      lies in the range 5.4-5.9. In most cases, it is determined by means of a flat
      glass electrode. The parameter "skin pH" depends mainly on the area of skin and
      on age, but it also depends to a lesser extent on sex, race and the time of day
      when values are determined.

PMID- 3700101
TI  - [Latest from American dermatology].

PMID- 3700102
TI  - [Effect of azelaic acid on the growth of melanoma cell cultures in comparison
      with fibroblast cultures].
AB  - Azelaic acid, a linear C9 dicarbonic acid, can effect a reduction in the growth
      of melanoma cells. This was shown in a comparison of two human melanoma cell
      cultures and cultured human skin fibroblasts. The cultures were observed for 24
      days. The reduction in growth effected by azelaic acid showed significant
      differences concerning the dose-effect ratio in both melanoma cell lines
      observed. There was no inhibition of cell proliferation in the fibroblast
      cultures. Morphological and final trypan blue tests suggest that azelaic acid is
      not cytotoxic but cytostatic in a selective way.

PMID- 3700103
TI  - [Acyclovir-corticosteroid therapy in herpes zoster].
AB  - Thirty patients between 60 and 86 years of age (average 73.6 years) [8, 9, 11]
      with high risk of having the disease for an extraordinarily long time or of
      developing neuritis were treated for 5 days with 4-5 mg acyclovir per kilogram
      body weight. They were not immunocompromised and received the drug intravenously
      at 8-h intervals. Of this group, 20 patients received daily 40-80 mg
      methylprednisolone simultaneously. All patients were hospitalized because of
      extensive, hemorrhagic lesions, which in 8 cases were necrotizing. The primary
      site of the disease was the head in 13 patients (43.3%), the neck or trunk in 15
      (50%) and the extremities in 2 (6.7%). In addition, 8 (26.7%) showed generalized
      lesions. The duration of the disease could be reduced by one-third by acyclovir
      treatment, as compared with reference groups, and the methylprednisolone group
      had even better results. Individual pain was more promptly resolved by the
      combined treatment than by acyclovir alone. No persistent neuritis was observed
      in the methylprednisolone-acyclovir group, but occurred in two out of ten
      patients who had received acyclovir alone. No side effects were reported. The
      antiviral effect of acyclovir obviously reduces the risk of possible
      generalization during corticosteroid treatment to negligible amounts. Because of
      the possible selection of resistant strains, acyclovir should usually only be
      given to high-risk zoster patients beyond the age of 60. Administration must be
      initiated in the early phase of the disease, since no effect can be expected
      after viral shedding has been terminated.

PMID- 3700104
TI  - [Recurrent disseminated infundibulofolliculitis].
AB  - A white male patient with disseminated, pruritic, follicular papules on the skin
      is reported. Histologically, an inflammatory infiltration around the
      infundibulum, perifollicular oedema and spongiosis of the follicular epithelium
      were demonstrated. The lesions failed to respond to therapy. On the basis of the
      clinical and histological findings, we suggest that this is a case of
      disseminated and recurrent infundibulofolliculitis, which was first described by
      Hitch and Lund in 1968.

PMID- 3700105
TI  - [Perspectives of reproductive medicine].
AB  - The physiology and pathology of human reproduction constitute the main focus of
      "reproductive" medicine, the major tasks of which lie in the treatment of
      infertile couples and in birth control. The current relevance of research into
      human reproduction is illustrated by the population explosion in developing
      countries, the high rate of abortion in industrialized nations and the technical
      and ethical implications of in vitro fertilization. Since the complex phenomenon
      of reproduction can only be elucidated through the cooperation of many
      disciplines, reproductive medicine is a truly interdisciplinary field.
      Dermatology also plays a role in reproductive medicine via andrology, a
      subspecialty of dermatology. However, in contrast to the worldwide trend, in
      Germany andrology is showing signs of stagnation. Only if andrology gains in
      strength and does not isolate itself, will it be in a position to contribute to
      solving the urgent problems involved in reproductive medicine.

PMID- 3700106
TI  - [Changes in telogen rate, hair density, hair diameter and rate of growth in
      androgenetic alopecia of the male. Simultaneously a contribution to the
      significance of dysplastic hair].
AB  - In a pilot study, comparative measurements of frontal and occipital trichograms,
      hair density, hair diameter and hair growth rate were performed on 26 male
      volunteers (ages 20-33 years) with androgenetic alopecia between stages II and V
      (Norwood scale). In the frontal region, the proportion of telogen hair was, in
      general, pathologically higher and increased according to stage. The density of
      the frontal hair was significantly lower (166 +/- 28/cm2) compared with that of
      the occipital region (193 +/- 24/cm2) and decreased according to stage. The
      average hair diameter in the higher Norwood stages decreased similarly in both
      the frontal and occipital regions, as shown by the correspondence between the two
      measurement points (frontal, 0.068 +/- 0.011 mm; occipital, 0.069 +/- 0.010 mm).
      Anagen and dysplastic hair from both the frontal and occipital regions was
      significantly thicker than telogen hair (0.07 mm vs 0.05 mm). The frontal growth
      rate (0.355 +/- 0.024 mm/day) was significantly lower than that of the occipital
      region (0.389 +/- 0.021 mm/day). In addition, the frontal growth rate decreased
      according to stage. Dysplastic hair exhibited high growth rates and diameters
      similar to those of typical anagen hair. In our opinion, dysplastic hair is
      growing hair, the roots of which have been artificially modified by plucking. -
      These intra-individual comparisons of frontal and occipital regions showed a
      reduction in the anagen phase, density, diameter and growth rate of the
      endangered frontal hair. A reduction in the size and dividing activity of the
      matrix is indicated by our data. It seems that these regressive changes occur
      primarily without a prior indication of accelerated hair growth.

PMID- 3700107
TI  - [Multiple basaliomas in Curschmann-Steinert myotonia atrophica].
AB  - The occurrence of multiple basal-cell epitheliomas in connection with myotonic
      dystrophy has not previously been reported. The possibility of myotonic dystrophy
      being a predisposing factor for different kinds of neoplasms is discussed.

PMID- 3700108
TI  - De minimis environmental radiation levels: concepts and consequences.

PMID- 3700109
TI  - The effects of particle size and moisture content on the emanation of Rn from
      coal ash.
AB  - Measurements of the emanation coefficients of 222Rn from coal ash were performed.
      Samples of coal ash from a stoker-fired furnace were mechanically sized into four
      categories. The mean 226Ra concentration of these categories ranged from 11.82
      16.77 dpm g-1 and increased as a function of decreasing particle size. The mean
      bulk density and mean specific gravity of these categories ranged from 0.488
      0.944 g cm-3 and 2.017-2.390 g cm-3, respectively, and both increased as a
      function of decreasing particle size. Samples of coal ash from four pulverized
      coal-fired furnaces were obtained, and demonstrated mean 226Ra concentrations
      ranging from 6.44-7.59 dpm g-1. The mean bulk density and mean specific gravity
      of these samples ranged from 1.254-1.520 g cm-3 and 2.357-2.588 g cm-3,
      respectively. Construction of chambers and methods for measuring 222Rn emanation
      coefficients are described. The measured emanation coefficient is shown to be
      insensitive to ingrowth time at times greater than three days. Measurements of
      emanation coefficients from ash samples were conducted at moisture contents of 0,
      1.0, 10, 20 and 40% moisture by weight, and showed an increase in the emanation
      coefficient as a function of moisture content up to about 20% moisture by weight.
      Above 20% moisture content, most samples showed a trend toward decreasing
      emanation coefficients. The fractionated ash samples showed an increase in the
      emanation coefficient as a function of decreasing particle size. An experiment
      was also conducted which confirmed that sample depth was insignificant in
      explaining the observed emanation coefficient over the range of depths used in
      the other experiments.

PMID- 3700110
TI  - Root absorption of 222Rn and its transfer into above-ground plant organs.
AB  - Experimental data are given on the content of genetically related pairs of
      radionuclides (226Ra and 222Rn; 224Ra and 220Rn) in soils and the above-ground
      phytomass of plants growing on plots with differing genesis of the higher
      concentrations of natural radionuclides in soils. Methods for determining gaseous
      radionuclides in the above-ground phytomass are described. Different transport
      routes of 222Rn and 220Rn into above-ground plant organs are considered. The
      noted absence of balance between 222Rn and 226Ra in plants as well as higher
      222Rn/226Ra ratios in the above-ground phytomass as compared to that of the root
      containing soil layer (25- to 185-fold) appears to be accounted for by the root
      pathway of 222Rn uptake and transport of this radionuclide to above-ground plants
      organs. The existence of the root pathway for 222Rn uptake is proved by direct
      observations of daily radionuclide movement with bleeding sap in experiments on
      pumpkins. For the short-lived Rn isotopes, 220Rn and 219Rn, the root pathway of
      uptake and transport to the above-ground phytomass is less probable, and this
      causes a notable redistribution of gaseous radionuclides during their movement
      along the soil-plant route.

PMID- 3700111
TI  - Influence of pregnancy and lactation on maternal deposition and perinatal uptake
      of 241Am in the rat.
AB  - To investigate the metabolism of 241Am as affected by pregnancy and lactation,
      female rats were injected with 5 muCi of 241Am intravenously while nulliparous,
      pregnant or lactating. The females and subsequent litters were killed at various
      times after injection to determine 241Am distribution and retention. The temporal
      relationship between injection and pregnancy influenced the tissue retention of
      241Am in both dams and progeny. The half-time of 241Am in livers of pregnant or
      lactating rats was more than twice that of nulliparous rats, although the initial
      uptake was approximately 50% of the activity in all groups. Both spleen and femur
      accumulated more 241Am at 7-10 weeks after injection than at earlier times, but
      this increase could not be related to pregnancy. Approximately 10 times more
      241Am was transferred to offspring from dams that were lactating when exposed
      than was transferred via the placenta when exposure occurred late in gestation.
      Furthermore, more 241Am was transmitted to the progeny via milk if exposure of
      the dam occurred during lactation rather than during pregnancy.

PMID- 3700112
TI  - An epidemiological analysis of the relationship between exposure to Rn progeny,
      smoking and bronchogenic carcinoma in the U-mining population of the Colorado
      Plateau--1960-1980.
AB  - This study investigates the relationship between exposure to radioactive Rn decay
      products during U mining and milling operations, cigarette smoking and age, on
      the incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer among U workers of the Colorado
      Plateau during the 20-yr period from 1960-1980. A case control sample was taken
      from an extensive data base of 9,817 men accumulated by one author (Saccomanno).
      A preliminary hypothesis had been made that a possible synergistic or at least
      additive effect might exist when the risk factors of exposure to Rn decay
      products and smoking were simultaneously present. This study would seem to
      indicate that a synergistic effect is not present. In this work, a total of 489
      cases, defined as men having a cytological diagnosis of moderate or worse
      atypical squamous-cell metaplasia, and a random sample of 992 "non-cases" were
      selected retrospectively from the dynamic cohort of workers. These data analyzed
      from three different perspectives indicate significant effects due to Rn-decay
      product exposure in excess of the expected incidence due to age and smoking
      history. The data also indicate that Rn-decay-product accumulations of less than
      300 working level months (WLM) is not carcinogenic in non-cigarette smokers.

PMID- 3700113
TI  - Population characteristics and absorbed dose to the population from nuclear
      medicine: United States--1982.
AB  - Those in the U.S. population who receive nuclear medicine examinations have been
      characterized by age and sex. Males received 42% of examinations while females
      received 58%. More than one-third of the examinations were done on persons older
      than 64 y of age and more than two-thirds on patients older than 45 y of age. The
      per caput effective dose equivalent from nuclear medicine procedures in 1982 was
      140 muSv (14 mrem); whereas, the per caput age-specific effective dose equivalent
      to the U.S. population was 50 muSv (5.9 mrem). These can be compared with 2 mSv
      (200 mrem) from natural background.

PMID- 3700114
TI  - Efficacy of radioiodine urinalysis.
AB  - Little exists in the literature to support the efficacy of urinalysis for
      demonstrating thyroid uptake of radioiodine. A review was made of a variety of
      kinetic models. Computer analysis and graphics were used to assess the variables
      in the two models chosen for this study. The applicability of each model was
      tested by using data obtained from a group of euthyroid subjects. The results
      indicate that using an integral urine-sampling method and a three-component model
      yields minimum detectable thyroid uptakes which fall well below required
      reporting limits. Furthermore, the results show that integral urine samples
      obtained in the first few hours post exposure may be used to predict major
      thyroid uptakes in time for effective thyroid blocking.

PMID- 3700115
TI  - A poll of radiation health scientists.
AB  - A sampling of 210 university-employed radiation health scientists randomly
      selected from the membership lists of the Health Physics Society and the
      Radiation Research Society was polled in a secret ballot. The results support the
      positions that the public's fear of radiation is substantially greater than
      realistic, that TV, newspapers and magazines substantially exaggerate the dangers
      of radiation, that the amount of money now being spent on radiation protection is
      sufficient, and that the openness and honesty of U.S. government agencies about
      dangers of radiation were below average before 1972 but have been above average
      since then. Respondents give very high credibility ratings to BEIR, UNSCEAR,
      ICRP, and NCRP and to the individual scientists associated with their reports,
      and very low credibility ratings to those who have disputed them.

PMID- 3700116
TI  - A 222Rn monitor using alpha spectroscopy.

PMID- 3700117
TI  - Long-term availability of Cm and Pu to crop plants.

PMID- 3700118
TI  - Comments on 'Analysis of external gamma radiation data around the Savannah River
      Plant'.

PMID- 3700119
TI  - Radon daughter exposures of New Mexico U miners, 1967-1982.

PMID- 3700120
TI  - Portable counter calibration adjustments required to monitor feral swine
      radiocesium levels.

PMID- 3700121
TI  - On the biological hazard of galactic antinuclei.

PMID- 3700122
TI  - When is a dose not a dose?

PMID- 3700123
TI  - Elementary particle theory and health physics.

PMID- 3700124
TI  - Aminoacylase-1 isoenzymes: a comparative study.
AB  - Analysis of aminoacylase-1 (ACY-1) zymograms from 21 species indicated one
      structural locus coding for one dimeric enzyme. Among the various strains of five
      laboratory mammals (Mesocricetus auratus, Cricetulus griseus, Mus musculus,
      Rattus norvegicus, Cavia porcellus) only in Mus musculus-strains genetic
      variability was found. Crosses segregating for ACY-1b/ACY-1c reveal a three
      banded banding pattern typical for the heterozygous state of a dimeric enzyme.
      Electrophoretic comparisons of all species studied indicate a high degree of
      phylogenetic variability at this locus.

PMID- 3700125
TI  - The preferential location of the human Y chromosome in somatic metaphase. I.
      Influence of Y polymorphism.
AB  - The location of the Y chromosome in metaphase figures was studied, with respect
      to its polymorphism, on 700 micrographs from blood lymphocyte cultures from 70
      normal male members of seven Canadian family lines whose polymorphic Y
      chromosomes were inherited in a patrilinear fashion from seventeenth-century
      French ancestors. Three of these family lines were carriers of a long Y
      chromosome, two a small one, one had an average length Y and a seventh one had a
      satellited Y marker. The Y chromosome was peripheral in 75 to 90 per cent of the
      metaphase plates from each individual investigated. The long Y markers were more
      peripheral than the small ones while the average length Y chromosome had an
      intermediate position, whereas the satellited Y chromosome was located within the
      small group. The difference between the location of the long and the small Y
      chromosomes was highly significant. It is hypothesised that a heteromorphic Y
      might affect the nonrandom orientation of metaphasic chromosomes and favour
      meiotic nondisjunction and aneuploidy.

PMID- 3700126
TI  - Interventional neuroradiology: Henry Ford Hospital experience with transcatheter
      embolization of vascular lesions in the head, neck, and spine.

PMID- 3700127
TI  - Muscle pathology in total knee replacement for severe osteoarthritis: a
      histochemical and morphometric study.

PMID- 3700128
TI  - The effect of STA-MCA bypass on regional cerebral blood flow in ischemic foci.

PMID- 3700129
TI  - Recovery following acute pontine hemorrhage.

PMID- 3700130
TI  - Intussusception of the appendix and endometriosis.

PMID- 3700131
TI  - Anti-HLA antibodies complicating infectious mononucleosis with thrombocytopenia
      and neutropenia.

PMID- 3700132
TI  - Catamenial hemoptysis: a case report.

PMID- 3700133
TI  - Postinfarction papillary muscle rupture: a new M-mode echocardiographic sign.

PMID- 3700134
TI  - DNR--a God-like decision.

PMID- 3700135
TI  - The EC-IC bypass study: does it answer the question.

PMID- 3700136
TI  - The dietary intake of added and natural sugars in 405 English adolescents.
AB  - A number of reports have urged a reduction in sugars intake. Implementing this
      advice depends upon knowledge of sugars intake by target groups. This paper
      reports the added and natural sugars intake by one target group--young
      adolescents. The diet of 405 children was recorded using a 3-day diary with
      interview repeated five times between September 1979 and July 1981. Food tables
      (Paul & Southgate, 1978) were used and the values for the sugars content of the
      food items altered to provide both added sugars and natural sugars concentration.
      The mean daily intake of added and natural sugars respectively, for the 193 boys
      was 85 g (s.d. 22), 39 g (s.d. 12), and for the 212 girls was 78 g (s.d. 24), 35
      g (s.d. 12). Added sugars contributed, on average, 69 per cent of total sugars
      and 15 per cent of energy intake. Confectionery, table sugar and soft drinks
      together contained 71 per cent of the added sugars intake, while milk, fruit and
      their products provided the majority of the natural sugars. It is considered that
      major reductions of sugars intake would be possible in these children by
      restricting the intake of a small number of groups of foods of low nutrient
      density. Food labelling of sugars content would enable consumers to make sensible
      choices of foods.

PMID- 3700137
TI  - Dietary management of intestinal lymphangiectasia complicated by short gut
      syndrome.
AB  - The dietary management of a child with intestinal lymphangiectasia complicated by
      short gut syndrome following surgery at the age of 3 weeks is described. Diets
      containing amino acids and peptides were not tolerated due to high osmolality.
      Satisfactory nutrition was achieved by using a feed with low osmolality and
      containing whole whey protein, maltodextrin, medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) and
      a small amount of long-chain triglycerides (LCT) to supply essential fatty acids
      (RD231).

PMID- 3700138
TI  - Depression and food intolerance: a single case study.
AB  - The detection and treatment of psychological dysfunction related to food
      intolerance with particular reference to the problem of objective evaluation is
      discussed. The case is described of a woman with chronic depression who exhibited
      classic signs of food intolerance and yet had remained untreated for over 10
      years. A non-invasive procedure involving systematic monitoring of diet and
      symptoms, systematic eliminations and a double-blind, placebo-controlled re
      introduction is described. Long-term follow-up revealed maintenance of marked
      improvements in psychological and physical functioning.

PMID- 3700139
TI  - Essential element nutritional status in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Serum calcium, magnesium, iron, copper and zinc were measured in 117 patients
      with cystic fibrosis. Apart from serum iron levels, all the other essential
      element levels were well maintained and there was no evidence of a need for
      supplementation. Serum iron was frequently low and the need for iron supplements
      must be considered after further investigation. The subjects studied covered a
      wide age range, had widely varying fat malabsorption and clinical grading, and
      also varying degrees of pulmonary involvement. We found no evidence that any of
      these parameters directly influenced essential element status as assessed by
      serum levels.

PMID- 3700140
TI  - The cost of nutrition and diet therapy for low-income families.
AB  - The DHSS special dietary allowance system for those receiving supplementary
      benefit is explained. The cost of normal and common therapeutic diets are
      calculated. Inadequacies and shortcomings of the current dietary allowance are
      identified.

PMID- 3700141
TI  - Effect of ascorbic acid on iron absorption from different types of meals. Studies
      with ascorbic-acid-rich foods and synthetic ascorbic acid given in different
      amounts with different meals.
AB  - The effect of ascorbic acid on the absorption of non-heme iron was studied in 299
      subjects. Different meals in which the non-heme iron was labelled with two
      different radio-iron isotopes were served with and without ascorbic acid to the
      same subject. Other meals containing foods with a known high content of ascorbic
      acid were also studied. Studies were also made giving different amounts of
      ascorbic acid with different meals. Marked differences in the enhancement of iron
      absorption were seen when ascorbic acid was given in different meals. It is
      suggested that ascorbic acid promotes iron absorption from the diet by reducing
      the negative effect on iron absorption of certain ligands such as phytates and
      tannins present in the diet. This interpretation is supported by observations
      that the most pronounced effects of ascorbic acid were found in meals with a high
      content of ligands known to inhibit iron absorption. Crystalline ascorbic acid
      and native ascorbic acid in foods appeared to have the same effect in promoting
      absorption of iron. The results indicate that ascorbic acid has a key physiologic
      role in facilitating the absorption of non-heme iron from the diet and that about
      50 mg of the vitamin in each main meal is desirable for optimum effect.

PMID- 3700142
TI  - [Tumor-associated hypercalcemia syndrome in patients with squamous cell
      carcinomas of the head and neck. Differential diagnosis of a paraneoplastic
      syndrome].
AB  - Hypercalcaemia in squamous cancer of head and neck is not uncommon. Atypical
      symptoms make the diagnosis difficult. Immediate therapeutic intervention is
      necessary to prevent life-threatening complications. The causes include dietary
      calcium excess, vitamin-D-intoxication, bone metastasis and primary
      hyperparathyroidism. The paraneoplastic syndrome of ectopic hyperparathyroidism
      leading to the hypercalcaemia syndrome is induced by several different hormones.
      Ectopic production of parathyroid hormone or similar substances, increased
      synthesis of prostaglandins and vitamin-D-like steroids are proposed. Two typical
      cases are demonstrated.

PMID- 3700143
TI  - [Diagnosis and operative sequela of rare abnormalities of the inner ear].
AB  - Two cases of congenital unilateral deafness in otherwise normal children are
      presented. X-ray examination showed a partition of the inner ear canal in one of
      them. A review of the literature showed this lesion to be very rare, but it is
      more frequent in combination with other malformations such as the Klippel-Feil
      syndrome, Wildervanck-syndrome and Thalidomide embryopathy. The second child
      showed an extensive malformation of the cochlear and vestibular parts of the
      inner ear and of the internal auditory meatus. The vestibulocochlear nerve was
      absent. An arachnoidal cyst protruding into the tympanic cavity formed the only
      boundary between the middle ear and the cerebrospinal fluid. This resulted in
      relapsing meningitis and a postmeningitic hearing loss on the other side. A
      tympanoscopy and closure of the connection between the tympanic cavity and the
      internal auditory meatus stopped the ascending infections.

PMID- 3700144
TI  - [Current status of detection and treatment of malignant nasal and paranasal sinus
      tumors. 1. Pathology, diagnosis and staging of nasal and paranasal sinus tumors].
AB  - Malignant tumours of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are uncommon
      amounting to 0.3-1% of all tumours and 3%-5% of carcinomas of the upper
      respiratory tract. Modern diagnostic techniques include endoscopy and computer
      tomography. Prognosis and therapy depend on the histological type, site of origin
      and extent of the tumour. The variety of possible treatment modalities demands
      individual therapy planning. A combined surgical and radiotherapeutic approach,
      possibly supplemented by small volume intracavitary brachytherapy or
      polychemotherapy in some defined histological tumour types, has been generally
      accepted, enabling a five year survival rate of 35%-45% to be achieved. The
      causes for failure are firstly local persistence of tumour (18%) or a local
      recurrence (37%). The cumulative recurrence rate after one and two years was 76%
      and 95% respectively. Late recurrences occur in 2.5% of cases. The complication
      rate with combined-modality therapy reaches 27% with minor complications
      occurring in 12% and major complications in 15% especially affecting the
      irradiated homolateral eye. The present statistical results show a number of weak
      points that cast doubt on their validity. We recommend a controlled, prospective,
      randomised, multi-centre and multi-disciplinary study to define the prognostic
      parameters for tumours of the paranasal sinuses and to choose the most effective,
      individually tailored therapy.

PMID- 3700145
TI  - HLA and the chemical senses.

PMID- 3700146
TI  - Should the neuraminidase-1 locus be considered as part of the major
      histocompatibility complex?

PMID- 3700147
TI  - The LMP antigens: a stable MHC-controlled multisubunit protein complex.
AB  - In addition to encoding the well-known class I (H-2), II (Ia), and III
      (complement components C2, C4, and factor B) antigens, the murine MHC controls
      the expression of a large, intracellular protein complex of unknown function.
      This complex is composed of a large number of noncovalently linked low molecular
      weight polypeptide subunits (hence the name, LMP) which are biochemically,
      serologically, and genetically distinct from class I, II, and III antigens. Only
      two of these subunits display electrophoretic polymorphism within the standard
      inbred mouse strains, and both of these polymorphisms map within the H-2 complex,
      between the H-2K and I-A subregions. The remainder of the LMP complex subunits
      have not been mapped, and may be encoded elsewhere in the genome. A biochemically
      similar complex has been detected in human cells, although linkage to HLA remains
      to be established. In this article we will review the biochemistry, serology, and
      genetics of the LMP antigens, and will speculate on their biological function.

PMID- 3700148
TI  - Visually and auditory evoked EEG potentials in carriers of four hereditary EEG
      variants.
AB  - Visually and auditory evoked EEG potentials were studied in 248 healthy
      university students, who were carriers of one of the following hereditary EEG
      variants: Monomorphic alpha-waves; low-voltage-EEG; EEG in which the alpha-rhythm
      was mixed diffusely with beta-waves; and EEG with fronto-precentral beta-groups.
      The study uncovered consistent and statistically significant group differences
      between the EEG-countertypes, monomorphic alpha-waves and the low-voltage EEG:
      subjects with monomorphic alpha-waves showed higher amplitudes and longer
      latencies of most peaks of the visually evoked potential (VEP), and higher
      amplitudes for most peaks of the auditory evoked potentials (AEP). Similar
      differences between EEG types were shown for two measures--overall amplitude
      (oscillation) and average latency--of all peaks for VEPs and AEPs. The results
      are consistent with a hypothesis discussed in an earlier paper in which
      differences between these two EEG types in processing of information in the CNS
      were assumed on the basis of psychological test results and neurophysiological
      theory. The two EEG types with beta-waves in addition to alpha-waves showed
      latencies of evoked potentials in-between those found in the EEG types with
      monomorphic alpha-waves, on the one hand, and the low-voltage EEG on the other.
      There was no significant difference in the frequency of VEP augmenters and
      reducers between EEG types.

PMID- 3700149
TI  - Modulation of the Hoffmann reflex by rapid muscle contraction or release.
AB  - The inhibition of the H-reflex of the Soleus (Sol) muscle that takes place during
      and after voluntary release of Sol muscle has been attributed to presynaptic
      inhibition of autogenetic spindle afferences. In the present study, the time
      relationship between onset of H-reflex depression and termination of Sol
      contraction was investigated to ascertain whether the reflex inhibition is linked
      to the command to release, or whether it is an accompanying phenomenon connected
      to changes in the neural outflow from the periphery. A parallel investigation was
      carried out on the temporal characteristics of the facilitation of the H-reflex
      that precedes onset of Sol contraction, in an attempt to point at the different
      functional organization of the two motor tasks. Voluntary releases from a
      bilateral isometric plantar torque, or bilateral plantar flexions, were performed
      in response to an acoustic stimulus, in a reaction time (RT) situation. The
      intervals from the starting signal to complete termination, or to beginning, of
      the Sol EMG were measured. The H-reflex was evoked at random during the tasks in
      one leg and its amplitude was referred in time to the end, or to the onset, of
      the EMG recorded from the contralateral Sol muscle. The RTs of the termination of
      Sol EMG had an average duration of about 100 ms, being some 20 ms shorter than
      those of the onset of EMG. In the release-task, the H-reflex amplitude was higher
      than that of the controls during the holding phase, and started to decrease about
      20 ms before the cessation of the EMG.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3700150
TI  - Patterns of stimulus- and self-induced slow brain potentials--a sign of task
      specific preparation.
AB  - Does the scalp distribution of slow shifts in human brain potentials depend upon
      the processing demands? The question was approached applying two different
      paradigms. In the first study, the anticipation of haptic tasks presented to
      either of the hands was found to give rise to a contralateral slow negative brain
      potential (SP). The second study demonstrated that comparable hemisphere-specific
      patterns can be self-induced by means of biofeedback training. These results
      suggest that negative SPs (like the CNV) indicate preactivation of those brain
      regions that process the expected task.

PMID- 3700151
TI  - Double fixation of metastatic lesions of the lumbar and cervical vertebral bodies
      utilizing methylmethacrylate compound: report of a case and review of a series of
      cases.

PMID- 3700152
TI  - Incidence of infection from central venous catheterization in a military
      community hospital.

PMID- 3700153
TI  - The surface pattern of the stomach and duodenum in a chronic renal failure
      cohort.

PMID- 3700154
TI  - Childhood diskitis: report of 2 cases and review of the literature.

PMID- 3700155
TI  - Nonsurgical pneumoperitoneum in an elderly woman following orogenital
      insufflation: report of case and review of the literature.

PMID- 3700156
TI  - Subarachnoid hemorrhage during pregnancy and the puerperium: report of 3 cases
      and review of the literature.

PMID- 3700157
TI  - Peritoneovascular shunting: an alternative technique utilizing combined
      shunt/catheter apparatus and cephalic vein entry.

PMID- 3700158
TI  - Acute appendiceal torsion--a rare surgical entity: report of a case and review of
      the literature.

PMID- 3700159
TI  - Thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction utilizing high-dose, short
      term intravenous streptokinase: report of a case and review of the literature.

PMID- 3700160
TI  - Human cancer natural history, radiation induced immunodepression and post
      operative radiation therapy.
AB  - For several types of cancers, post-operative radiation therapy is able to reduce
      the incidence of local recurrences, but has only a relatively small beneficial
      effect on total survival. Conversely to what has been claimed, this discrepancy
      is not due to a detrimental effect of radiotherapy. The data do not substantiate
      the hypothesis that irradiation through an impact on the immune system enhances
      growth of neoplastic foci outside of the irradiated volume. Several sets of data
      show that uncontrolled primary tumors or lymph node metastases can be important
      foci for distant spread. However the analysis of the data shows that post
      operative radiotherapy can prevent metastatic spread only in a small subset of
      patients, those without distant metastases at the initial treatment and in whom
      local recurrences can be a nidus for distant dissemination before being detected
      and treated. The results of the clinical trials carried out on patients with
      breast cancers show that this situation is frequently observed in patients with
      tumors located in the inner quadrants of the breast who are those in whom the
      involvement of the internal mammary chain is relatively frequent.

PMID- 3700161
TI  - Primary radiotherapy of larynx and pharynx carcinoma--an analysis of some factors
      influencing local control and survival.
AB  - An analysis of 950 patients with carcinoma of the larynx and pharynx was
      performed to identify factors of importance for local control and survival other
      than the TNM-classification. All patients were treated with primary radiotherapy,
      with doses ranging between 60-68 Gy in 6-7 weeks. The achievement of local
      regional control by primary radiotherapy was highly correlated with disease-free
      survival (98% actuarial 5 year probability), which was significantly better than
      in patients who failed in the primary treatment but were salvaged by radical
      surgery. Furthermore, occurrence of distant metastases were almost all associated
      with failure to control the primary tumor. Sex was found to be a dominant
      prognostic factor, and in all sites and stages, women had a significantly better
      prognosis both with regard to local control and survival. The degree of
      histopathological differentiation was not significantly correlated with local
      control but with the incidence of distant metastases, which was significantly
      higher in patients with poorly differentiated tumors. In both males and females
      the pre-treatment hemoglobin concentration was correlated with the probability of
      primary tumor control and survival but only in patients with pharyngeal and to a
      lesser degree supraglottic tumors. In these groups, patients with hemoglobin
      levels above 13 g% (females) and 14.5 g% (males) had a significantly better
      prognosis than comparable patients with lower hemoglobin values. Such correlation
      could not be detected in patients with glottic tumors. The influence of tumor
      size was analyzed in a larger group of 1,060 patients with laryngeal carcinoma.
      In this group a notable correlation between tumor size and prognosis was observed
      within the various T-categories, indicating the tumor size as a significantly
      important parameter related to both probability of local control and survival.
      The study reveals that head and neck cancer is a heterogeneous disease and it is
      demonstrated that attention should be given to the various prognostic parameters
      since important therapeutic achievement is otherwise lost.

PMID- 3700162
TI  - Tumor control in definitive irradiation of localized carcinoma of the prostate.
AB  - At the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, 343 patients
      with carcinoma of the prostate were treated with definitive radiotherapy. All
      patients are available for minimal 3 year follow-up; the median period of
      observation is 5.2 years. The incidence of pelvic recurrence with or without
      distant metastases was 0% in 10 patients with Stage A2, 11% in 113 patients with
      Stage B, 34% in 204 patients with Stage C, and 40% in 16 patients with Stage D1.
      There was no significant difference in pelvic tumor control when correlated with
      the degree of differentiation of the tumors in each stage. In Stage B, patients
      who exhibited complete regression 3 months after completion of therapy had a
      pelvic failure rate of 5%, those with 50-75% regression-8% and less than 50%
      regression-18%. In Stage C, patients with more than 50% tumor regression had a
      pelvic failure rate of 25%, in contrast to 37% when less than 50% regression was
      noted at 3 months after completion of irradiation. However, there was no
      correlation between tumor regression and NED survival. In patients with Stage B,
      there was no significant correlation between doses of irradiation ranging from
      6000 to 7000 cGy and pelvic tumor control. In Stage C, patients receiving doses
      higher than 6500 cGy had a probability of failure rate in the pelvis of 25%
      (40/173), in comparison with 44% with doses between 6000-6500 cGy (15/32). The 10
      year NED survival for Stage A2 was 100%, Stage B-70%, and Stage C-40%. In Stage
      B, there was no correlation between local tumor control and 5 year overall
      survival. However, at 10 years 88 patients without evidence of local failure or
      distant metastases had a survival rate of 70% in contrast to only 25% if they
      recurred. In Stage C, 110 patients without local recurrence or distant metastases
      had a 40% 10 year survival in contrast to 20% in 55 patients who had pelvic
      recurrence (with or without distant metastases) and 39 patients with distant
      metastases only. In 105 patients with Stage B tumor controlled in the pelvis, the
      incidence of distant metastases was 16%, in contrast to 50% in eight patients
      with pelvic failure. In Stage C, only 26% of 149 patients with pelvic tumor
      controlled developed distant disease, versus 60% in 55 patients failing in the
      pelvis. Ninety-five percent of the pelvic failures and 80% of the distant
      metastases appeared within 5 years after therapy. The administration of hormones
      did not significantly influence either the probability of pelvic tumor control or
      the appearance of distant metastases.

PMID- 3700163
TI  - Failure patterns in gynecologic cancer.
AB  - In reviewing the literature on the patterns of failure in gynecologic
      malignancies, it is essential to define the type of recurrence resulting from the
      treatment program pursued. Categorizing them into local recurrences, marginal
      recurrences, parametrial recurrences, periaortic lymph node recurrences,
      abdominal recurrences, and distant metastatic disease become an important part in
      the design of new treatment programs in management. Most recurrences are actually
      the result of persistent disease. Therefore, the full extent of disease at the
      time of initial presentation should be determined. Pre-treatment surgical
      exploration obviously defines more precisely the tumor extent than does clinical
      stage alone. Samples of retroperitoneal abdominal lymph nodes in cervical,
      endometrial and ovarian cancer have shown more frequent involvement than
      previously suspected.

PMID- 3700164
TI  - Factors influencing the prognosis in bladder cancer.
AB  - In the categories T1, T2 and T3NxM0 bladder cancer, diameter not exceeding 5 cm,
      the treatment in the Rotterdam Radio-Therapy Institute consists of interstitial
      irradiation with needles containing radioactive material. The results of
      treatment and the role of additional external irradiation are discussed. Category
      T3NxM0 tumors diameter exceeding 5 cm are treated by external irradiation
      followed by cystectomy; the results are presented here. Factors influencing
      prognosis appeared to be degree of differentiation, number of transurethral
      resections (TURs) prior to definitive treatment, intravenous pyelography (IVP),
      vascular invasion, T category after preoperative irradiation, and postsurgical
      histopathologically-assessed T category (pT).

PMID- 3700165
TI  - Ovarian cancer: the challenge of local tumor control and its impact on survival.
AB  - To achieve better understanding of the factors influencing local control of
      ovarian cancer, an analysis of failure in early stages of ovarian carcinoma has
      been carried out. The material consisted of 185 patients diagnosed in early
      stages; 40 of them failed in their disease, 17 with local recurrence, 23 with
      distant metastases. The material was analyzed with respect to age, histology,
      grade, size and surface of the tumor, the surgical procedure and treatment
      modalities, and the time between treatment and recurrence, and recurrence and
      death. In the analysis, both the behavior of the ovarian cancer tumor and the
      pattern of failure was shown to be different for each histological group.

PMID- 3700166
TI  - Cellular growth and metabolic adaptations to nutrient stress environments in
      tumor microregions.
AB  - Heterogeneity of cell subpopulation growth was significantly modulated by
      different oxygen and glucose environments and necrosis in multicellular tumor
      spheroids of rodent and human origin. PO2 profiles within spheroids measured with
      microelectrodes showed major differences associated with different oxygen and
      glucose supply conditions, indicating important interactions of these two
      substrates affecting oxygen consumption rates and cellular viability. Cellular
      interactions in association with the development of growth quiescence and
      differentiation changed oxygen consumption rates and slopes of PO2 profiles
      within spheroids. Protein synthesis in monolayer cells in culture was severely
      inhibited when exposed to extreme hypoxia, but certain proteins were synthesized
      at increased rates. Many of these oxygenated regulated proteins can also be
      induced by glucose deprivation. The data demonstrate cellular and subcellular
      changes in tumor models in vitro because of variations in oxygen and glucose
      supply. Many of these changes would be expected to occur in tumor microregions in
      vivo and could have important consequences for therapeutic responsiveness.

PMID- 3700167
TI  - Flow cytometry as a tool for the prognostic assessment of human neoplasia.
AB  - Flow cytometry permits the quantitative description of neoplastic cell
      populations from the point of view of their cytogenetic and cytokinetic features.
      The advances in preparation of cellular monodispersed samples allow the
      examination not only of in vitro and hematological, but also of surgical, biopsy,
      endoscopic, and lavage specimens. The analysis of cytometric DNA content has
      evidenced the importance of (aneu)ploidy as a remarkable tumor marker. Tumors of
      different sites and, in some cases, stages and/or grades are characterized by a
      differential occurrence of diploid vs. aneuploid cell subpopulations and by the
      eventual presence of different stem cell lines within the same tumor. For certain
      classes of neoplasms, these parameters can be used for the early recognition of
      neoplasia and related to disease evolution and dissemination and to the results
      of therapy. Flow cytometry can also be used to evaluate the fraction of (cycling)
      cells in the S-phase and of proliferating cells (growth fraction). The percent of
      S cells can be extracted from cytometric DNA content histograms. Furthermore, the
      method of Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) incorporation has been recently introduced
      into flow cytometry. BrdUrd labeling in cycling cells can be detected either by
      the induction of quenching or enhancement of specific DNA-dye fluorescence or by
      fluorescent anti-BrdUrd monoclonal antibodies. This approach has been confirmed
      by preliminary comparative tests on cultured cells, normal and malignant bone
      marrow, and human solid tumor specimens. These parameters, together with other
      cytometric parameters of potential importance for the cellular characterization
      of malignancy, offer a reliable and real time-saving tool for the prognostic
      assessment of human tumors and the predicting and monitoring of the results of
      therapy.

PMID- 3700168
TI  - Radioresistant and repair proficient cells may determine radiocurability in human
      tumors.
AB  - Radiosensitivity and repair of radiation damage was studied in 29 human tumor
      cell lines. Nine tumor lines appeared radioresistant (RAD+) and were associated
      with radioincurable tumors. When the ability to repair potentially lethal damage
      was studied in plateau phase cultures, some tumor cell lines derived from
      radioincurable tumors were more efficient in this process (PLDR+). The results
      suggest that the presence of radioresistant or repair proficient cells may be
      responsible for local failure following radiotherapy. Advancements in cell
      culture and molecular biology may lead to predictive assays useful to clinicians.

PMID- 3700169
TI  - Potential for increasing the differential response between tumors and normal
      tissues: can proliferation rate be used?
AB  - Rapid proliferation of malignant cells has not previously been emphasized as a
      major source of failure to control tumors. Evidence is presented that the
      effective doubling times of clonogenic cells in human tumors during multifraction
      radiotherapy are in the range of a few days, that is, similar to the pre
      treatment Potential Doubling Times and much shorter than Volume Doubling Times.
      Evidence from animal tumor studies leads to the same conclusion. Accelerated
      fractionation should be considered for individual human tumors whose LI is
      measured (e.g., by flow cytometry and the BUdR antibody) and found to be too
      high.

PMID- 3700170
TI  - A comparison of the heat and radiation sensitivity of rodent and human derived
      cells cultured in vitro.
AB  - A human lung and breast carcinoma cell line of epithelial origin (A-549 and MCF
      7) were compared with a rodent fibroblast line (V-79) for their sensitivity to
      killing by X rays and heat, in addition, a correlation was sought between loss of
      endogenous thiols and thermosensitivity. Endogenous cellular thiols play a major
      role in many protective, enzymatic and synthetic processes in mammalian cells.
      Glutathione, a key non-protein thiol, not only protects against radiation and
      peroxide-induced damage, but is also a primary intracellular reductant. Thiol
      depletion was achieved using two agents that work by totally different mechanisms
      -one a substrate for glutathione-S-transferase (Diethylmaleate) and the other an
      inhibitor of a key enzyme in the gamma-glutamyl cycle (Buthionine-SR
      Sulfoximine). The results of this study demonstrated that thiol depletion by DEM
      to 50% of the control values had no effect on the response of hamster cells to
      acute (45 degrees C) or chronic (42.5 degrees C) hyperthermia. Substantial
      potentiation of heat damage, however, was seen at thiol levels below 10% at 42.5
      degrees C. Thiol depletion by BSO to levels of 25% of the control values had no
      sensitizing effect on the heat sensitivity of hamster or human lung carcinoma
      cells at 45 degrees C. For any given heat exposure, the human cells were markedly
      more resistant to killing than the hamster cells, however, they were more
      radiosensitive than the V79, line when exposed to 300 kVp X rays (D0's of 1.65
      vs. 2.52 Gy). The results of this study indicate that thiols do not play a
      critical role in mammalian cell thermosensitivity at 45 degrees C and indicate
      that the use of human carcinoma cell lines may better predict heat inactivation
      in human cells in vivo.

PMID- 3700171
TI  - Local control and survival in locally advanced gastrointestinal cancer.
AB  - When conventional modalities (external beam irradiation and chemotherapy +/-
      resection) are used in the treatment of locally advanced gastrointestinal
      malignancies, although useful palliation can be achieved in many patients, local
      control and long-term survival are infrequent. In recent trials, investigators
      have used fractionated external beam doses of 4500-5000 rad in 180 rad fractions
      in combination with irradiation boost techniques of intraoperative electrons, or
      intraoperative or transcatheter brachytherapy (+/- chemotherapy and resection).
      With colorectal and biliary cancer, both local control and long-term survival
      appear to be improved, compared to results achieved with conventional treatment.
      With pancreatic cancer, an apparent improvement has been noted with local control
      and median survival, but long-term survival has not been altered. For partially
      resected gastric cancer, the use of intraoperative irradiation has yielded five
      year survival rates of approximately 20%. With unresectable or residual gastric
      cancer, accelerated fractionation alone or in combination with chemotherapy has
      yielded excellent local control, but patients have died as a result of abdominal
      failure or lung metastases. Prevention of abdominal failures will be necessary to
      improve long-term survival with pancreatic and gastric cancer. Randomized trials
      by site are needed to determine if the observed differences seen in prospective
      nonrandomized trials are real or due to differences in case selection.

PMID- 3700172
TI  - Tumor oxygenation and reoxygenation during radiation therapy: their importance in
      predicting tumor response.
AB  - The degree of oxygenation of a tumor is a major determinant of the effectiveness
      of radiotherapy. From animal experiments, it is known that hypoxia is common in
      tumors, that there can be marked heterogeneity in cellular oxygenation within a
      given tumor, and that the hypoxic fraction is influenced by tumor size and site.
      The three methods used in obtaining such information are discussed. They are not
      applicable to tumors in man, but other kinds of evidence suggest qualitatively
      that the patterns of oxygenation in human tumors are not dissimilar to those in
      animals. Reoxygenation of animal tumors appears to proceed rapidly after single
      conditioning radiation doses, but its rate and extent depend upon the size and
      scheduling of the conditioning dose(s). The importance of reoxygenation in
      determining the outcome of fractionated radiotherapy may be inferred from the
      results of recent tumor growth delay experiments wherein we have found that
      reoxygenation in the RIF-1 sarcoma is nearly complete by 24 hr. after the
      completion of 5 daily 5 Gy fractional doses.

PMID- 3700173
TI  - Tumor radioresponsiveness versus fractionation sensitivity.
AB  - Since the introduction of mammalian cell survival curves, the parameters D0 and N
      have been used as quantitative measures of inherent radiation sensitivity, as was
      the shoulder width Dq. These parameters are more generally applicable at high
      doses. We propose to introduce a measure of tumor radioresponsitivity that is
      more applicable to the clinical treatment schedules that employ small fractional
      doses (1-2 Gy), the ratio alpha/E, derived from the linear quadratic model for
      cell inactivation as the intercept on the reciprocal-dose plot. For tumor-control
      experiments this ratio is the reciprocal of the TCD50 when radiation is given in
      very small fractions or at low dose rates (assuming negligible clonogen
      proliferation). The rationales for this choice are: alpha is a measure of the
      steepness of the initial linear segment of the dose-survival curve. Accordingly,
      at doses per fraction of 1-2 Gy the observed effect increases with alpha. E is by
      definition a positive measure of the clonogen kill required for a specified tumor
      response, e.g., E = -log (surviving fraction of clonogens at the 50% control
      level). Therefore it is also a measure of the number of clonogens present at the
      time of inception of treatment, which for a given dose is a prime determinant of
      the probability of tumor control. This measure of radioresponsitivity is to be
      distinguished from the ratio alpha/beta, which is a measure of fractionation
      sensitivity. A survey of the literature indicates that these do not correlate,
      except in highly hypoxic tumors (e.g., clamped); such tumors are characterized by
      low radioresponsitivity as well as low fractionation sensitivity (high alpha/beta
      ratio). There are at present only limited data for determination of this ratio,
      however, since reciprocal-dose analysis requires tumor control doses for several
      different sizes of dose per fraction.

PMID- 3700174
TI  - Predicting late normal tissue responses.
AB  - One goal of radiation research is to predict, in an individual patient, the
      response of the cancer and relevant normal tissues to a course of radiotherapy
      and to use such information in adjusting the individual's risk-benefit ratio.
      There are four potential types of predictors of radiation response: physical
      dose, biological dose, risk factors and realtime assays. Biological dose, which
      is derived from physical dose and tissue radiobiology, is likely to be the most
      useful predictor for late normal tissue injury, although risk factors are also
      important. For any real-time assay to be useful in predicting ultimate response
      to a conventional regimen, for example, of 30 fractions, it must be both accurate
      and precise, especially if used after only one dose fraction. No sufficiently
      accurate such assays exist and, in any event, they are less critical for normal
      tissues than for tumors, because normal tissues are less heterogeneous in their
      cellular composition and radiation responses than tumors. In order to apply
      recent concepts in biological dosimetry to late normal tissue responses, it is
      important to determine "tolerance" doses of human tissues more accurately; to
      understand and quantify the volume effect; and to determine isoeffect
      relationships for all tissues at doses per fraction less than 2 Gy.

PMID- 3700175
TI  - Impact of improved local control on survival in patients with soft tissue
      sarcoma.
AB  - An estimate has been made of the gain in survival if the local failure rate for
      sarcoma of soft tissue was reduced to zero by the application of new treatment
      methods. The assumption is that the loss, due to distant metastasis and
      intercurrent disease among patients who achieve local control by the current
      treatment, would be the same among new local controls. For patients with stage M0
      disease at diagnosis (all sites, all histological types), the current local
      failure rate is approximately 30%. By eliminating these failures, the overall
      survival rate would be expected to increase by 10-20 percentage points.

PMID- 3700176
TI  - Causes and consequences of inhomogeneous dose distributions in radiation therapy.
AB  - Reasons for delivering a non-uniform dose to the target volume are discussed.
      These include deliberate tailoring of dose to a non-uniform tumor burden or to a
      non-uniform expectation of the presence of disease, and undesired but unavoidable
      non-uniformities due to: technical factors; set-up uncertainty; and the need to
      avoid sensitive organs abutting the target volume. The consequences of non
      uniform dose distributions are reviewed and it is suggested that: tumor control
      may be better characterized by the mean rather than the minimum target absorbed
      dose when the dose non-uniformity is not too great; modest dose deficits to small
      sub-volumes of the target volume may not be too deleterious; and modest dose
      increments to substantial sub-volumes of the target volume may be advantageous.
      Further modeling, and animal experiments in which tumors are non-uniformly
      irradiated are required to validate these hypotheses.

PMID- 3700177
TI  - Competitiveness and human potential.

PMID- 3700178
TI  - Loss and depression in young adults.

PMID- 3700179
TI  - The superego: a revised developmental model.
AB  - The superego is not, as psychoanalytic theory asserts, primarily heir to the
      oedipus complex. Freud proposed two theories of identification and superego
      formation, only one of which is widely known and accepted. The first, which he
      abandoned, argues for the genesis of conscience as compensation for lost
      narcissism. The second explains superego formation as a response to object loss
      and fear of castration. The latter view faces a number of anomalies, including
      the occurrence of preoedipal and postoedipal identifications unrelated to the
      castration complex, and the difficulty in providing a cause for female superego
      development. An alternative theory is proposed that returns to Freud's first
      theory of identification, arguing that gender-specific explanations are
      inappropriate for a phenomenon such as conscience, which occurs in both sexes.
      Prototypical male and female cases are presented alongside a general model of the
      development of ego processes and object relations. Case material is briefly
      examined, and the argument is made for conceptualizing psychosexual development
      as a developmental line rather than as the core of character formation.

PMID- 3700180
TI  - The therapeutic relationship in brief focal psychotherapy.

PMID- 3700181
TI  - Gender differences in the psychology of parenting: psychoanalytic and feminist
      perspectives.

PMID- 3700182
TI  - Use of a Holocaust fantasy for the consolidation of identity.
AB  - The early phases of an analysis are presented to describe a Jewish woman who, in
      her adolescence, chose a Holocaust fantasy as a means of consolidating her sense
      of identity. Her fantasy did what any fantasy or symptom does: it served as a
      compromise formation allowing expression of unacceptable drives while at the same
      time displacing, disguising, and defending against those drives. This fantasy was
      unique, however, because the Holocaust was a real event. Two questions are
      raised: Did the quality of her drives or her fears of them influence her choice
      of this particular fantasy? Once chosen, did the use of a fantasy based on a
      reality contribute to the development of her rigid character structure?
      Similarities between this woman and Holocaust survivors are noted. It was felt
      that she differed from Holocaust survivors in that she could choose this fantasy,
      which would have been too real for a Holocaust survivor, and she could use this
      fantasy constructively to work through intrapsychic conflicts.

PMID- 3700183
TI  - Themes in psychoanalytic understanding of women: some reconsiderations of
      autonomy and affiliation.

PMID- 3700184
TI  - A psychoanalytic approach to ethics.
AB  - The paper addresses some of the problems of the relationship between ethics and
      psychology. Philosophical assumptions which are considered are shown to bear
      directly on the source of the conviction that one ought to behave in some
      particular way. The choice of an "empirical" ethic, i.e., an epistomology which
      rests on psychology, is perceived to be a confusing pseudo-scientific error,
      which has developed in response to increasing guilt. Guilt is seen to play a
      central role in the evolution of the superego and the self, considered from both
      an ontological and and phylogenetic basis. These problems, first presented in
      Civilization and Its Discontents (Freud, 1930), are considered from the
      standpoint of what is known about normal superego development, the influence of
      social and historical forces on such development, and pathological superego
      development. The Kantian assumption of a transcendent moral authority is shown to
      be related to the earliest symbiotic unity of mother and child, in the context of
      the first internalized constraints on the aggressive and libidinal drives. The
      burden of such constraints is seen to be guilt, increasingly less tolerable
      through the interaction of social, historical, and psychological influences. The
      response to this guilt is a major influence in the denial of a transcendent moral
      authority, and the shift toward fewer constraints on the drives. The more obvious
      social and political consequences are considered.

PMID- 3700185
TI  - Psychological and physiological reactions to visual representations of war.
AB  - This paper explores the immediate psychological and physiological effects of
      aversive visual stimuli, represented as pictures of war, in a balanced mixed
      design (n = 24). The moderating effects of individual differences in locus of
      control and sex were examined, along with those of a requirement to report on the
      stimuli presented. The results indicated a fractionation of the autonomic
      response with electrodermal measures (EDA) and salivary function showing a
      sympathetic type response to war slides whilst measures of cardiac activity
      (heart rate and heart rate variability) tended to show increased parasympathetic
      activity over the response to neutral slides. Psychological measures showed an
      increase in self-reported stress, higher disturbance ratings and unprompted
      reports of various coping strategies (postexperimental interviews) in response to
      war slides. Additionally, self reported arousal and EDA's proved sensitive to the
      report requirement and cardiac activity appeared to be tied to individual
      differences in terms of locus of control. Although the physiological results
      could be taken as congruent with Hare's (1972) suggestion that 'morbid curiosity'
      accompanies the viewing of aversive stimuli, psychological measures tended to
      disconfirm this interpretation. The situational determinants of the cardiac
      response are discussed as a solution to the paradoxical cardiac response elicited
      with aversive visual stimuli, along with individual styles of coping with
      aversive situations which may be reflected in individual's locus of control.

PMID- 3700186
TI  - The contingent negative variation (CNV) to fear-related stimuli in acquisition
      and extinction.
AB  - Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) in anticipation of phobic and neutral slide
      material was recorded in Acquisition of a learned association between tone pitch
      and slide type, and in Extinction (following removal of slide presentation). In
      phobic volunteers, no clear CNV differentiation between 'phobic' and control
      condition was apparent in either Acquisition or Extinction. For Control subjects,
      a different pattern entirely has been demonstrated, with anticipation of the
      neutral condition giving rise to a larger CNV than anticipation of the 'phobic'
      condition (in Acquisition). In addition, Extinction led to a reversal of this CNV
      amplitude relationship, with the tone previously associated with the phobic slide
      producing a DC-shift which was larger than that following the tone previously
      paired with the neutral slide. The results are compatible with a dynamic model of
      CNV generation according to which CNV amplitude is positively related to an
      expectancy for reward or non-punishment but inversely related to an expectancy
      for punishment or non-reward.

PMID- 3700187
TI  - Auditory event-related potentials in attention and reading disabled boys.
AB  - Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 4 groups of children: (1)
      reading disabled, (2) attentional deficit disorder with hyperactivity, (3)
      attentional deficit disorder without hyperactivity, and (4) normal controls.
      Subjects were instructed to press a button to a low probability tone (target, P =
      0.168) and to ignore all other events which included a high probability tone (non
      target, P = 0.664) and an unexpected novel sound (P = 0.168). The amplitude of
      several late ERP components and the latency of the P3b component were examined.
      As in a previously reported visual study with the same sample of children, the
      overall amplitude of the P3b component was significantly smaller in all the
      clinical groups than in controls. Two other late components (slow wave and Pc)
      were also smaller in the clinical groups than in controls. P3 latency did not,
      however, differentiate the groups.

PMID- 3700188
TI  - Single-trial decomposition: a new approach to the analysis of neuronal reactions
      during psychological tasks.
AB  - Neurophysiological and statistical assumptions underlying conventional procedure
      of averaging the neuronal responses to sequentially presented stimuli or
      psychological tasks are critically discussed. A new approach to the analysis of
      the neuronal evoked reactions is developed based on the decomposition of the
      single-trial discharge rate patterns into the separate peak-shaped components
      characterised by the latent periods, amplitudes and durations. It is demonstrated
      that using only latent period and signs of each component's amplitude is
      sufficient to detect reliably all the latency intervals where the conventional
      peristimulus-time histograms reveal significant deviations of the neuronal
      discharge rate from the mean background level. The approach suggested enables the
      analysis of the real physiological events within the single trials, obscured by
      the conventional averaging into the peristimulus-time histogram curve.

PMID- 3700189
TI  - Habituation of early and late visual ERP components and the orienting reaction:
      the effect of stimulus information.
AB  - Single trial event-related potentials at Fz, Cz, Pz and Oz were measured
      concurrently with pupil reactions and skin conductance reactions in a habituation
      paradigm. One group of subjects (n = 16) was given 36 simple visual stimuli and a
      second group (n = 16) 36 complex visual stimuli of equal duration, brightness and
      dimensions. No task-relevance was given to the stimuli. Under these circumstances
      we found rapid habituation (within 6 trials) of the vertex N1. Because we used
      long, variable interstimulus intervals, the N1 decrease could not be explained by
      refractory effects. Habituation rates of N1 and the concurrently measured SCR did
      not differ. Although the P3 showed significant habituation over the 12 trials
      (except at Oz), it habituated slower than the N1 and the SCR. The complex
      stimulus condition elicited larger P3b waves. No effect of stimulus complexity
      was found on the N1 and the SCR. The relevance of these results for the OR is
      discussed.

PMID- 3700190
TI  - Persistent methodological problems with evoked potential augmenting-reducing.
AB  - Evoked potential (EP) amplitudes are known to be influenced by changes in the
      intensity of a visual stimulus. These EP amplitude-intensity functions have been
      linked to a wide variety of personality characteristics and neuro- and
      psychopathological conditions. Those individuals whose EP amplitudes increase in
      response to increasing stimulus intensity have been termed Augmenters while those
      exhibiting no amplitude increases or actual amplitude decrements have been
      referred to as Reducers. Serious methodological problems have been found with
      many of the procedures of evoked potential augmenting-reducing. Recently, new
      explanations for the EP augmenting-reducing phenomenon have been offered and
      attempts to counter some of our criticisms of augmenting-reducing methodology.
      Their report is itself characterized by a variety of problems. These problems
      together with those generally prevalent in the augmenting-reducing literature are
      discussed.

PMID- 3700191
TI  - Stressors, coping, and social supports of adolescent mothers.
AB  - This report describes the perceived stressors, coping strategies, and social
      supports of a group of adolescent mothers during their first month at home after
      delivery. In addition to concerns about the baby and the limitations imposed by
      motherhood, many of the young mothers considered their interpersonal
      relationships as problematic. Findings suggest that the puerperium was not a time
      of major distress for most of these young women. Factors contributing to a
      relatively smooth transition to motherhood were the adolescent's use of
      anticipatory coping prior to the birth, their extensive reliance on family
      support once at home, and their past experience with childcare. Sharing childcare
      with the family was an important component of the support received by these
      adolescents, and it is suggested that the adolescent's mobilization of social
      supports may be essential to ther adaptation to motherhood. Professionals were
      infrequently mentioned as sources of support even though a majority of the sample
      participated in special adolescent maternity programs. Finally, findings also
      suggest that problem-focused coping was used more often when dealing with
      concrete stressors, while emotion-focused coping was used more in response to
      interpersonal problems.

PMID- 3700192
TI  - Cooperation with treatment in adolescent cancer patients.
AB  - Twenty-seven adolescent cancer patients were rated by two pediatric oncology
      nurses using a ten-item cooperation questionnaire. Cooperation scores were
      compared with patient ratings of self-image, perception of cancer, health locus
      of control, and knowledge of cancer. Although all patients were generally
      cooperative, younger adolescents appeared to be more cooperative than older
      adolescents. A significant positive relationship was found between cooperation
      and self-image whereas a negative relationship emerged between cooperation and an
      external locus of control orientation. Patients rated high in cooperation
      perceived cancer to be a more life-threatening disease than patients rated low in
      cooperation.

PMID- 3700193
TI  - Pregnant adolescents' health-information needs. Implications for health education
      and health seeking.
AB  - The prenatal health information needs of 142 predominantly black, urban, and low
      income adolescents (mean age = 16.9 years) were assessed by questionnaire early
      in the third trimester of pregnancy. Factor analysis identified three clusters of
      health topics labeled new morbidity, depressed somatization, and pregnancy.
      Relationships of these factors to self-esteem and health seeking were assessed in
      a subset (n = 57). A high score on depressed somatization was associated with low
      self-esteem and missed postpartum visits. Implications for planning prenatal
      education and effecting appropriate health-seeking behaviors are discussed.

PMID- 3700194
TI  - Self-esteem and perceived stress in young adolescents with chronic disease.
      Unexpected findings.
AB  - This pilot study was designed to investigate the relationship between perceived
      stress, self-esteem and "functional" pain in young adolescents with and without
      chronic disease. Twenty children with chronic disease and 15 without who were
      seen in a pediatric outpatient clinic completed a symptom survey, the Piers
      Harris Self-Concept Survey, and Lewis's Feel-Bad Scale. Adolescents with
      significant self-reported complaints of abdominal pain, chest pain, and headaches
      (without documented organic cause) scored higher on the Feel-Bad scale (p less
      than 0.002) and lower on the self-concept scale (p less than 0.02) than those
      without functional complaints. Patients with chronic disease scored higher on the
      self-esteem measure (61 +/- 14 versus 48 +/- 14, p less than 0.01) and lower on
      the stress measure (80 +/- 40 versus 120 +/- 54, p less than 0.02) than those
      without a chronic disease. These findings of lower stress and higher self-esteem
      in adolescents with chronic illness were unexpected. Possible explanations are
      discussed.

PMID- 3700195
TI  - Attitude correlates of weight control among secondary school boys and girls.
AB  - A study of the psychological correlates of weight control, sex, and actual and
      desired weight was performed. A regression analysis of the attitudes of 240
      Australian high school students showed that the girls' responses reflected a
      significantly different concern with how they look, dieting and appearance from
      the boys. The implications of these findings for identifying those at risk to
      weight-related illnesses, including anorexia nervosa, are explored.

PMID- 3700196
TI  - The relationship of locus of control and contraception use in the adolescent
      population.
AB  - In the United States there appears to have been a steady increase in the number
      of sexually active adolescents. Larger numbers of adolescents are confronted with
      a decision regarding the use of contraceptives. Recent research suggests that the
      personality variable, locus of control, may have an important influence on many
      behaviors of the adolescent. Our descriptive study of 66 sexually active female
      adolescents suggests that those with an internal orientation are more reliable
      contraceptive users than those with an external orientation. Other variables such
      as age, religion, social class, or race do not appear to play a significant role
      in reliable contraceptive use. Implications and interventions for contraceptive
      counseling and anticipatory guidance are discussed.

PMID- 3700197
TI  - Evaluation of glycosylated hemoglobin in the management of young patients with
      insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Serial glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1) concentrations were measured in 146
      children and young adults with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Patients were
      randomly divided into two groups. The HbA1 results were made available to the
      physicians and patients of group A but they were withheld from group B for 12-16
      months. The groups were then alternated for an equal time period, with group A
      being blinded and group B unblinded. When the patients were further subdivided
      into those with initial HbA1 levels above or below the group mean (12.7%), it was
      found that the metabolic control of subjects with high HbA1 concentrations tended
      to improve when the values were made available and to remain unchanged when the
      results were withheld. Knowledge of HbA1 concentrations by physician and
      patient/parent appears to be beneficial in patients with relatively poor control.
      In contrast, no improvement was noted in patients with initial HbA1 less than
      12.7% whether or not the results were available to the physician and
      patient/parent.

PMID- 3700198
TI  - What is the relationship between postpartum withdrawal from school and repeat
      pregnancy among adolescent mothers?
AB  - An association between the failure of teenage mothers to return to school
      postpartum and rapid repeat pregnancy (recidivism) has been described. We report
      the postpartum education pursuits and contraceptive practices of 29 teenage
      mothers. Our data, together with the literature, suggest that with close
      postpartum follow-up, young mothers who are not motivated to return to school
      following delivery can effectively postpone pregnancy.

PMID- 3700199
TI  - Intense jaundice in an adolescent. An unusual presentation of infectious
      mononucleosis.
AB  - Hemolytic anemia is an infrequent complication of infectious mononucleosis. The
      hemolysis may result from the temporary production of antibodies directed against
      one or more red-cell antigens. This report describes an adolescent female with
      infectious mononucleosis who presented for evaluation of jaundice. In this
      patient the jaundice resulted from a combination of hemolysis and mild hepatitis.

PMID- 3700200
TI  - Empty sella syndrome in an adolescent.
AB  - Empty sella syndrome (ESS) is a condition in which the sella turcica is partially
      or completely filled with cerebrospinal fluid resulting in a displacement of the
      normal pituitary. The condition is more common and benign in adults, although
      associated endocrine abnormalities have been reported. In children and
      adolescents, the syndrome is rare (27 reported cases), and the clinical picture
      is much less benign, with an increase in familial incidence, associated skeletal
      disorders, and endocrine abnormalities. Definitive diagnosis can be made by CT
      scan of the head. Our case report is of an adolescent who appeared clinically to
      have growth retardation and normal endocrine function. The CT scan of the head
      was compatible with ESS. Further follow-up showed improved growth rate. Although
      our patient did not appear to have symptoms related to ESS, based on the
      literature we agree that this syndrome is much less benign in children and
      adolescents than in adults.

PMID- 3700201
TI  - Sister-sister incest as a manifestation of multigenerational sexual abuse.
AB  - Incestuous child sexual abuse has received increasing attention recently, but
      relatively little attention has focused on the multigenerational dimensions of
      this problem. The case presented places incest into a multigenerational context
      and demonstrates how quickly family relationships may become eroticized in an
      uncommon form: between sisters.

PMID- 3700202
TI  - Increasing well-care office visits by adolescents. A high priority for the
      society for adolescent medicine.

PMID- 3700203
TI  - Validity of triceps skinfold and relative weight as measures of adolescent
      obesity.

PMID- 3700204
TI  - A new office test for high frequency hearing loss?

PMID- 3700205
TI  - Hip dysplasia still a puzzle.

PMID- 3700206
TI  - Pet food certification.

PMID- 3700207
TI  - Pork producers' points of view on residues and certain zoonoses.

PMID- 3700208
TI  - Atrial standstill in a dog.

PMID- 3700210
TI  - Epizootiologic investigations on a sheep farm with Toxoplasma gondii-induced
      abortions.
AB  - During the lambing season of 1983/1984, 8 of 44 purebred Hampshire ewes on a farm
      in Knoxville, Md had reproductive problems. In at least 4 of these ewes, the
      problem was attributed to toxoplasmosis. Necrosis and Toxoplasma gondii
      tachyzoites were found in placental specimens from 3 ewes. Agglutinating antibody
      to T gondii, at a titer of 1:80, was found in pleural fluids of both fetuses
      aborted from 1 ewe; this ewe had an antibody titer of 1:6,400 at the time of
      abortion. In another ewe, the diagnosis was confirmed by the isolation of T
      gondii from the placenta and 1 of her lambs. Of numerous free-roaming adult cats
      on the farm, 16 were trapped, euthanatized, and examined for T gondii.
      Agglutination antibody to T gondii, at titers of 1:4 to 1:64, was found in serum
      samples from all the cats. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from the brain and
      skeletal muscles of 9 of the cats, and from the feces of 1 cat. Blood samples
      obtained from all 78 sheep on the farm 6 months after the episode of abortion
      were examined for antibody to T gondii. Agglutinating antibody titers to T gondii
      were less than 1:16 in 46 sheep, 1:16 in 16, 1:64 in 12, 1:256 in 2, 1:024 in 1,
      and 1:4,096 in 1. Analyses of serologic data in sheep of various age groups
      suggested that the Toxoplasma infection was acquired sporadically, probably from
      feed contaminated with oocysts.

PMID- 3700209
TI  - Colonic perforation in corticosteroid-treated dogs.
AB  - Clinical findings for 5 new cases of colonic perforation in corticosteroid
      treated dogs were presented and 8 other cases from the literature were reviewed.
      Colonic perforation was a fatal complication in all 13 dogs, 12 of which had had
      recent major surgery. Ten dogs were neurosurgical patients, 1 dog received
      medical therapy for head trauma and nonambulatory paresis, and 2 dogs were
      operated on for non-neurologic conditions. Dexamethasone was the most frequently
      used corticosteroid, and 12 dogs received a mean cumulative dose of 6.4 mg/kg
      over an average period of 5.1 days. Depression, anorexia, and emesis, the most
      frequent signs attending colonic perforation, became evident 3 to 8 days after
      surgery. Signs preceded death by an average of 22.3 hours. Correct antemortem
      diagnosis (5 dogs) and surgical intervention (3 dogs) had no effect on eventual
      outcome (mortality = 100%). Colonic perforation most frequently developed in the
      proximal descending portion and always involved the antimesenteric border. Gross
      fecal contamination of the peritoneal cavity and acute generalized peritonitis
      were evident in all but one dog. Adhesions were observed at the lesion site in 6
      dogs, but prevented gross soilage in only one dog.

PMID- 3700211
TI  - Toxoplasma gondii-induced abortion in dairy goats.
AB  - Three of 8 goats on a Maryland farm aborted or had dystocia associated with
      toxoplasmosis during the winter of 1984. Doe 1 aborted a decomposed fetus 30 days
      before term. Modified agglutination test (MAT) antibody titers against Toxoplasma
      gondii were found in pleural fluid of the fetus (1:1,024) and in serum of doe
      (1:4,096 at 31 days after abortion). Doe 2 aborted a fetus 5 days before term;
      MAT antibody was found in the pleural fluid of the fetus (1:16,384) and in the
      doe's serum (1:4,096 on the day of abortion). Placenta from both does had foci of
      necrosis characteristic of toxoplasmosis, and T gondii was identified in lesions.
      Doe 3 had dystocia 7 days before term and a partially decomposed fetus was
      delivered by cesarian section; MAT was found in pleural fluid of the fetus
      (1:1,024) and in serum from the doe (1:4,096 on the day of abortion). Focal
      gliosis and calcification were seen in brain specimens from 2 of the 3 fetuses.
      None of the does produced milk after abortion. Two other does (No. 4 and 5)
      delivered apparently healthy kids transplacentally infected with T gondii; MAT in
      serum of both does was 1:4,096. Doe 4 delivered 3 kids; MAT titer in a serum from
      each kid 38 days after birth was 1:16,384. Doe 5 delivered 1 kid with a serum MAT
      titer of 1:1,024 at 38 days after birth. The 3 remaining does had MAT titers of
      1:256, 1:16, and 1:16, and all delivered healthy kids. Epizootiologic evidence
      suggested that the does acquired T gondii infection from oocysts passed in feces
      of domestic cats on the farm. The MAT titers of 4 cats on the farm were 1:65,356;
      1:1,024; 1:16; and 1:1,024.

PMID- 3700212
TI  - Salmonellosis in hospitalized horses: seasonality and case fatality rates.
AB  - Salmonellosis was studied during an 11-year period (July 1971 through June 1982)
      in 245 hospitalized horses. Ten years' data (207 cases) were analyzed in a time
      series study. Peak seasonality of the disease was from June through September.
      The cycle curve revealed 3 major outbreaks, with no apparent periodicity.
      Eighteen Salmonella serotypes caused clinical salmonellosis in horses, but 84% of
      the cases and 90% of the deaths were caused by 5 serotypes: Salmonella
      typhimurium, S typhimurium var copenhagen, S anatum, S kottbus, and S saint-paul.
      Overall, the case fatality rate was 44.9%. Excluding mixed infections, horses
      infected with S typhimurium and S typhimurium var copenhagen, had a significantly
      higher (P less than 0.001) case fatality rate (60.4%) than those infected with
      other Salmonella serotypes (32.3%).

PMID- 3700213
TI  - Liver function tests in dogs with portosystemic shunts: measurement of serum bile
      acid concentration.
AB  - Sulfobromophthalein excretion and plasma ammonia and serum bile acid
      concentrations were measured in 11 dogs with portal vascular anomalies. The
      fasting serum bile acid concentration was increased in all 11 dogs (78.9 +/- 16.1
      mumol/L; normal, 2.6 +/- 0.4 mumol/L). For values measured in 8 dogs, the 2-hour
      postprandial serum bile acid concentration was increased further (177.0 +/- 26.4
      mumol/L; normal, 7.6 +/- 2.3 mumol/L). The fasting plasma ammonia concentration
      was markedly increased in all 11 dogs (246.9 +/- 40.3 micrograms/dl; normal, 27
      to 15 micrograms/dl). Thirty minutes after the oral administration of ammonium
      chloride, the plasma ammonia concentration was increased further in the 7 dogs
      (510.7 +/- 45.5 micrograms/dl; normal, 57.5 to 20.5 micrograms/dl). Results of
      the sulfobromophthalein excretion test were abnormal in 10 of 11 dogs (12.3 +/-
      1.4%; normal, less than 5% retention after 30 minutes).

PMID- 3700214
TI  - Risk factors for salmonellosis in hospitalized horses.
AB  - A case-control study to identify risk factors associated with isolation of
      Salmonella was accomplished, using data from records of horses hospitalized in
      the period July 1971 through June 1982. Horses in which nasogastric tubes were
      passed were at 2.9 times greater risk of having Salmonella isolated, compared
      with horses that did not undergo this procedure. Horses treated with antibiotics
      parenterally were at 6.4 times greater risk, and those treated with antibiotics
      orally and parenterally were at 40.4 times greater risk of developing
      salmonellosis, compared with horses not receiving such treatment. Horses admitted
      because of colic were 4.2 times as likely to have Salmonella isolated as those
      admitted for other reasons. Breed, age, and type of surgery did not appear to be
      risk factors. The risk factors identified and the magnitude of their association
      with Salmonella isolation were similar to those observed in a preceding study.

PMID- 3700215
TI  - Diskospondylitis in a kennel of dogs: clinicopathologic findings.
AB  - Selected aspects pertaining to the cause and pathogenesis of diskospondylitis
      were investigated in a kennel of 45 Airedale Terriers. Diskospondylitis was
      detected via spinal radiography in 17 male and 14 female dogs. Bacteria isolated
      from the coat, vagina, and urine of affected Airedales were not statistically
      different from those isolated from clinically normal Airedales. Serologic
      evidence of Brucella canis infection was not detected. There was no difference in
      response to thyrotropin stimulation tests between affected and clinically normal
      dogs. Necropsy findings in affected dogs included hypercellular renal glomeruli
      and pulmonary arterial thrombi.

PMID- 3700216
TI  - Iatrogenic lidocaine toxicosis in ewes.
AB  - Lidocaine intoxication developed inadvertently in a group of ewes. Six ewes used
      in a student laboratory session on laparotomy procedures were anesthetized
      locally with lidocaine hydrochloride (20 mg/kg) prior to simultaneous bilateral
      laparotomy. Shortly after the administration of lidocaine hydrochloride, the ewes
      developed muscle tremors and became recumbent, with a variety of neurologic signs
      including dullness, opisthotonos, odontoprisis, mydriasis, blindness, extensor
      rigidity, and convulsions. The ewes were given intravenous fluid therapy, and 90
      minutes after the onset of signs, the ewes were standing, dull, and appetent. The
      laboratory session was rescheduled 2 weeks later, using the same ewes and a
      reduced dosage of lidocaine hydrochloride (10 mg/kg). There were no adverse
      effects and the simultaneous bilateral laparotomy procedure was completed without
      complications. The authors recommend the use of lidocaine hydrochloride at a
      dosage not exceeding 10 mg/kg for ewes requiring extensive local anesthesia.

PMID- 3700217
TI  - Atypical portosystemic shunt in a cat.
AB  - An adult cat with vague signs of gastrointestinal dysfunction was found to have a
      congenital portosystemic shunt. There were no signs of hepatoencephalopathy,
      which is in contrast to what has been reported in other cats with the disease.

PMID- 3700218
TI  - Oral pentobarbital intoxication in a bitch.
AB  - Pentobarbital intoxication in a 5-year-old female Samoyed was confirmed by the
      finding of a high concentration of the drug in serum. The dog apparently had
      consumed one of her pups, which had been euthanatized the day before with a 26%
      sodium pentobarbital solution. She was admitted in a condition consistent with
      light general anesthesia. The dog recovered after gastric lavage supportive
      therapy, and the administration of an alkalinizing solution to hasten drug
      excretion. This case demonstrates the hazards associated with indiscriminate
      disposal of carcasses containing large amounts of euthanasia solution.

PMID- 3700219
TI  - Employment, starting salaries, and educational indebtedness of 1985 graduates of
      US veterinary medical colleges.

PMID- 3700221
TI  - Organization and functions of the AVMA.

PMID- 3700220
TI  - Lapsed licenses.

PMID- 3700222
TI  - Research in the Center for Veterinary Medicine.

PMID- 3700223
TI  - Food hypersensitivity in 30 dogs.
AB  - Food hypersensitivity was diagnosed in 30 dogs. Clinical signs varied, with
      pruritus (97%), erythema (50%), and papules (37%) being the most common.
      Diagnosis was based on resolution of clinical signs when the dogs were fed a
      restricted ("hypoallergenic") diet, and recurrence of signs when fed their
      original diet or other foods. No age, breed, or sex predilection was noticed.
      None of the owners could relate the onset of clinical signs with a recent change
      in diet. Seven dogs had concurrent fleabite, inhalant, intestinal parasite, or
      insulin hypersensitivity.

PMID- 3700224
TI  - Response of pups to modified-live canine parvovirus component in a combination
      vaccine.
AB  - Twenty-eight pups from a general pet population were vaccinated for canine
      parvovirus (CPV) with a combination vaccine every 3 weeks until the pups were 11
      to 16 weeks old. Canine parvovirus antibody titers were measured by serum
      neutralization before each vaccination and greater than or equal to 2 weeks after
      the final vaccination. Eighteen pups that initially were seronegative for CPV
      seroconverted after 1 to 3 doses of modified-live virus CPV vaccine administered
      when the pups were between 8 and 16 weeks old; 16 of 18 seroconverted after the
      1st dose. Of 10 pups that were seropositive for CPV at initial examination, 7 did
      not develop protective titers after 3 doses of vaccine, with the last dose given
      when the pups were 14 to 16 weeks old. Maternally derived antibody was the
      primary cause of vaccination failure.

PMID- 3700225
TI  - Hypercalcemia associated with blastomycosis in dogs.
AB  - Hypercalcemia that could not be explained by previously recognized causes was
      detected in 4 dogs with systemic blastomycosis. A variety of malignancies and
      certain endocrine, metabolic, and renal disorders may cause hypercalcemia, but to
      our knowledge, no infectious diseases have been associated with hypercalcemia in
      dogs. Increased production of calcitriol by mononuclear cells was thought to be
      the mechanism of hypercalcemia in granulomatous disease.

PMID- 3700226
TI  - Prevention of postmetrizamide myelographic seizures in dogs, using 5% dextrose
      solution.
AB  - Diuresis by IV administration of 5% dextrose in a balanced electrolyte solution
      (BES) reduced the frequency of occurrence of postmyelographic seizures in dogs.
      In the first study, a single myelogram was obtained in 8 dogs without dextrose
      diuresis. Two of these dogs weighed greater than 15 kg and both had seizures
      after metrizamide myelography. The remaining 6 dogs weighed less than 15 kg and
      only 2 had seizures. Greater body weight may have increased the risk of
      postmyelographic convulsions. In a crossover study, myelograms were obtained in
      12 dogs weighing 20 to 31 kg. Six dogs were given 5% dextrose in BES (20 ml/kg of
      body weight/hr [diuresed]) and 6 were given BES alone (10 ml/kg/hr [not
      diuresed]). When myelography was repeated 10 days later, the 6 dogs that had been
      given 5% dextrose in BES were given BES only and the 6 dogs that had been given
      BES alone were given 5% dextrose in BES. The frequency of convulsions after
      metrizamide myelography was lower when dogs were given dextrose (33%) than when
      they were not (100%).

PMID- 3700227
TI  - Allogeneic tooth transplantation in the dog.
AB  - Allogeneic tooth transplantation was evaluated as a functional and aesthetic
      treatment for dental fracture in the dog. Of 7 dogs that received tooth
      transplants, 5 were research animals and 2 were clinical patients. Canine teeth
      were transplanted immediately after extraction in the research dogs. Endodontic
      therapy had been performed on the affected canine tooth of one clinical patient.
      The other clinical patient had bilateral maxillary canine fractures 2 months
      earlier. One of the research dog transplants failed at 3 weeks as a result of
      improper surgical technique. Four of the research dogs had a solid implant for 18
      months, after which time the dogs were euthanatized serially. All transplanted
      teeth were anchored firmly into the alveoli, but were nonviable. Root resorption,
      with bone replacement, was first noticed at 24 months. The transplanted tooth in
      the first clinical patient remained functional for 3 months, after which time the
      tooth was fractured. The right canine transplant in the second clinical patient
      failed by 3 months, probably because of preexisting periapical inflammation. The
      left transplanted tooth remains stable at 38 months. It was concluded that
      allogeneic tooth transplantation may have merit as a rapid and inexpensive method
      for replacement of fractured teeth in the dog. Function is compromised gradually
      as a result of root resorption and ankylosis, with tooth fracture likely to occur
      after 2 years.

PMID- 3700228
TI  - Use of brain stem auditory-evoked response to evaluate deafness in a group of
      Dalmatian dogs.
AB  - A group of 18 adult and 28 six-week-old purebred Dalmatian dogs was tested for
      hearing by brain stem auditory-evoked responses. Each ear was tested
      independently. Absence of a response was considered evidence of deafness in that
      ear. Responses from bilaterally hearing adults and pups and unilaterally hearing
      dogs were compared with each other and with responses from normally hearing,
      adult, mixed-breed dogs. Of the 18 adults tested, 5 had normal responses from
      both ears, 6 were deaf in both ears, and 7 had a response from only one side. Of
      28 pups tested, 14 had normal responses from both ears, 9 had a response from
      only one ear, and 5 were bilaterally deaf. Wave peak latencies from all ears that
      responded were within normal limits, except that the 5th and 6th waves from
      unilaterally hearing adults had significantly longer latencies. There were no
      differences between males and females.

PMID- 3700229
TI  - Multicentric nerve sheath fibrosarcomas of multiple cranial nerve roots in two
      dogs.
AB  - Nerve sheath fibrosarcomas of the left 5th through 8th cranial nerve roots were
      diagnosed in 1 dog and of the left 4th through 8th cranial nerve roots in another
      dog. Clinical signs in both dogs included head tilt to the left, circling to the
      left, left hemiparesis and proprioception deficits, rotary nystagmus, left-sided
      atrophy of masticatory muscles, and cutaneous hypalgesia of the left side of the
      face. Cranial nerve roots from both dogs were incorporated in discrete, firm,
      encapsulated, lobulated, tan masses of various sizes that compressed adjacent
      brain stem and cranial nerves. There were no regional or distant metastases;
      however, there was enlargement of nerve roots adjacent to the masses. The masses
      were composed of bundles and sheets of anaplastic, polymorphic to spindle-shaped
      cells that infiltrated cranial nerves and ganglia and extended into the brain
      along nerve roots. Masses contained various amounts of collagen and reticulin
      fibers, but no mucopolysaccharide ground substance. There was no myelin or S-100
      protein associated with neoplastic cells. The tumors appeared to have a
      multicentric origin from cranial nerve sheaths.

PMID- 3700230
TI  - Bilateral hypoplasia of the soft palate and aryepiglottic entrapment in a horse.
AB  - Endoscopic examination of a 7-year-old gelding with weight loss indicated a
      palatal defect with a prominent tissue mass at the caudomedial margin of the
      defect. At necropsy, the condition was determined to be bilateral hypoplasia of
      the soft palate.

PMID- 3700231
TI  - Cutaneous nocardiosis in a cat.
AB  - A 7-year-old cat was found to have multiple cutaneous lesions caused by Nocardia
      asteroides infection. The cat was treated successfully with potentiated
      sulfonamides and a combination of ampicillin and erythromycin.

PMID- 3700233
TI  - Prostatic abscess rupture in three dogs.
AB  - Three dogs developed prostatic abscesses that subsequently ruptured. For various
      reasons, the dogs had been treated with glucocorticoids before abscess rupture.
      Immediately after the diagnosis was made, each dog was taken to surgery. Each dog
      developed septic shock. Two dogs died during surgery and one recovered. A glucose
      insulin-potassium solution was used to treat septic shock in the dog that
      recovered. Few cases of ruptured prostatic abscesses have been reported. The
      purpose in the present study was to review the clinical signs, pathologic
      changes, and management of ruptured prostatic abscesses in 3 dogs.

PMID- 3700232
TI  - Diabetes mellitus associated with bilateral granulosa cell tumors in a mare.
AB  - Both ovaries in a 10-year-old American Saddle Horse mare were determined to be
      larger than normal. The mare had problems with infertility during the preceding 3
      years. Clinical evaluation revealed that the mare was polyuric, polydypsic,
      hyperinsulinemic, and hyperglycemic, and had reduced tolerance to exogenous
      glucose. Bilateral granulosa cell tumors were identified on histologic
      examination of the ovaries. The precise mechanism for the secondary diabetes
      mellitus was not determined; however, the cause was suspected to be a result of
      the synthesis and release of a hormonal substance by the tumor that affected
      carbohydrate metabolism and resulted in decreased peripheral sensitivity to
      insulin.

PMID- 3700234
TI  - Near circumferential retroperitoneal rectal tear in a pony.
AB  - A 13-year-old, 370-kg, Appaloosa gelding with mild colic of 4 days' duration was
      found to have a near circumferential retroperitoneal rectal tear. Accumulation of
      feces at the site of the repair had created a large perirectal cavity. Removal of
      feces and cleansing of the perirectal cavity were performed daily. Sutures were
      placed to stabilize, but not reappose, the torn ends of the rectum. The
      perirectal cavity filled with granulation tissue, and the rectal tear healed.

PMID- 3700235
TI  - Suppurative colitis in a cat.
AB  - A young cat with chronic large bowel diarrhea was found to have suppurative
      colitis. Treatment with sulfasalazine resulted in prompt clinical improvement,
      although histologic abnormalities persisted. Three months later, the cat was
      euthanatized because of effusive feline infectious peritonitis. Histologic
      examination revealed a normal colon.

PMID- 3700236
TI  - Acetaminophen-induced toxicosis in dogs and cats.

PMID- 3700237
TI  - Isolation and structure determination of crisamicin A, a new antibiotic from
      Micromonospora purpureochromogenes subsp. halotolerans.
AB  - A new antibiotic, crisamicin A, with in vitro activity against Gram-positive
      bacteria, B16 murine melanoma cells, and herpes simplex, vaccinia, and vesicular
      stomatitis viruses, has been isolated from Micromonospora purpureochromogenes
      subsp. halotolerans. On the basis of 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic, high
      resolution field desorption mass spectrometric, and circular dichroism studies of
      the antibiotic and several of its derivatives, the structure of crisamicin A has
      been assigned.

PMID- 3700238
TI  - Synthesis and antibacterial activity of novel aminothiazolyl beta-lactam
      derivatives.
AB  - The synthesis and in vitro antibacterial profile of a series of (Z)-(2-amino-4
      thiazolyl)-[(2,3-dialkoxypropoxy)imino]acetyl derivatives of 7
      aminocephalosporanic acid and 3-aminomonobactamic acid are reported.

PMID- 3700239
TI  - Synthesis and antibacterial activity of C-3' isothiazolyl and related
      cephalosporins.
AB  - The synthesis of C-3' isothiazolyl and related cephalosporins is presented. The
      compounds exhibit activity against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative
      organisms.

PMID- 3700240
TI  - Studies on beta-lactam antibiotics. XI. Synthesis and structure-activity
      relationships of new 3-(2,2-dihalovinyl)cephalosporins.
AB  - The synthesis and in vitro antibacterial activity of 7 beta-[(Z)-2-(2-amino-4
      thiazolyl)-2-carboxymethoxyiminoacetamido]- 3-(2,2-dihalovinyl)cephalosporins are
      described. 3-(2,2-Dihalovinyl)cephalosporins exhibited excellent antimicrobial
      activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, especially showed
      higher activity against Staphylococcus aureus than the corresponding 3
      vinylcephalosporin.

PMID- 3700241
TI  - Studies on beta-lactam antibiotics. XII. Synthesis and activity of new 3
      ethynylcephalosporin.
AB  - The synthesis of the orally absorbed 3-ethynylcephalosporin is described. In
      addition, the structure-activity relationships and oral absorption in rats of 7
      beta-[(Z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2- carboxymethoxyiminoacetamido]cephalosporins
      having various aliphatic hydrocarbon groups at the 3-position are discussed. Of
      these cephalosporins, 3-ethynyl-cephalosporin exhibited better activity against
      Staphylococcus aureus than the other cephalosporins and showed moderate oral
      absorption in rats.

PMID- 3700242
TI  - Studies on beta-lactam antibiotics. XIII. Synthesis and structure-activity
      relationships of 7 beta-[(Z)-2-aryl-2-carboxymethoxyiminoacetamido]-3-vinylcepha
      losporins .
AB  - The synthesis, antibacterial activity and oral absorption of the 7 beta -[(Z)-2
      aryl-2-carboxymethoxyiminoacetamido]-3- vinylcephalosporins are described. Of
      these cephalosporin derivatives, 7 beta-[(Z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2
      carboxymethoxyiminoacetamido]- 3-vinylcephalosporin exhibited the highest
      activity against Gram-negative bacteria and showed also good excretion after oral
      administration to rats. In addition, the effects on the antibacterial activity
      and oral absorption of the amino function on the thiazole ring are discussed.

PMID- 3700243
TI  - Chemical modification of herbimycin A. Synthesis and in vivo antitumor activities
      of halogenated and other related derivatives of herbimycin A.
AB  - Several halogenated and other related derivatives of herbimycin A have been
      synthesized and evaluated in vivo for their activities against Ehrlich ascites
      carcinoma. Some of these derivatives show higher activities than herbimycin A.
      Among them the derivatives modified at the 4, 5, 6, and 7-positions of the ansa
      chain showed particularly high activities.

PMID- 3700244
TI  - Structural studies on rhodilunancins A and B.
AB  - Antitumor antibiotics rhodilunancins A and B were isolated from a culture of
      Streptomyces violaceus var. lunanensis var. n. No. 1289 by acidic acetone
      extraction of mycelia and purified by silica gel chromatography. Rhodilunancin A
      is identical to cosmomycin A. Rhodilunancin B is identical to cosmomycin B (=
      rhodomycin Y). Both antibiotics exhibited activities against Gram-positive
      bacteria and inhibition on DNA synthesis of P388 leukemia cell in vitro.

PMID- 3700245
TI  - New mitomycin analogs produced by directed biosynthesis.
AB  - When the normal fermentation medium for the production of mitomycin C with
      Streptomyces caespitosus is supplemented with a number of primary amines, two new
      types of mitomycin analogs described as Type I and Type II are produced. Type I
      analogs are related to mitomycin C with the amine substitution at position C7 on
      the mitosane ring. Type II analogs also contain the same substitutions at C7 but
      the conformation of the mitosane ring is related to mitomycin B having an OH at
      positions C9a and a methyl substituted aziridine. The products obtained from the
      supplementation of the medium with methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine,
      propargylamine and 2-methylallylamine were isolated and characterized. In all
      cases the Type I analogs are more active in a prophage induction test and against
      L1210 lymphatic leukemia in mice. A number of other amines have been tested and
      shown to yield new products that have not yet been isolated. No secondary amines
      are incorporated.

PMID- 3700246
TI  - Chemistry of maduramicin. I. Salt formation and normal ketalization.
AB  - The formation of monovalent and divalent salt complexes of maduramicin is
      described and the 13C NMR chemical shift assignments of these materials are
      tabulated and discussed. In the spectrum of the thallium salt, 20 of the 47
      signals are split due to the thallium-carbon coupling. Similarly the preparation
      of both the free acid and the sodium salt complexes of the normal methyl and
      ethyl ketal derivatives of maduramicin are outlined. Their 13C NMR spectra are
      fully assigned together with discussion of displacements observed due to this
      derivatization.

PMID- 3700247
TI  - Binding of neomycin and calcium to phospholipids and other anionic compounds.
AB  - In order to assess the potential importance of different cellular binding sites
      for the adverse effects of aminoglycosides (i.e. oto- and nephrotoxicity) the
      binding of neomycin and calcium to phospholipids and other anionic cell
      constituents was assayed in vitro. Phospholipids demonstrated binding affinities
      that strongly favored neomycin (Km, 10 to 100 microM) over calcium (Km, 300 to
      1,120 microM). Both neomycin and calcium showed strongest binding to lipids with
      monoester phosphate groups: phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate,
      and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. The lipids bound 0.2 to 0.4 molecules
      of neomycin and 0.5 to 1 molecule of calcium, respectively, per lipid. Anionic
      non-lipid compounds such as melanin, gangliosides or chondroitin sulfate were
      ineffective competitors of neomycin binding to lipids. The results emphasize the
      importance of phospholipids as cellular binding sites for aminoglycosides.
      Furthermore, if one considers extra- and intracellular calcium and neomycin
      concentrations, the relative affinity of lipids for these two compounds suggests
      an explanation for both the reversible and the essentially irreversible toxic
      effects of the aminoglycosides.

PMID- 3700248
TI  - A convenient synthesis of 1-benzhydryl-N-arylsulfonyl-3-oxo-1,2-diazetidine-2
      carboxamides.

PMID- 3700249
TI  - A new anthracycline metabolite D788-1 (10-carboxy-13-deoxocarminomycin) in
      daunorubicin beer.

PMID- 3700250
TI  - Synthesis and antibacterial activity of novel pyrazolinone penicillins.

PMID- 3700251
TI  - Preparation and antibacterial activity of a series of 6 alpha-methoxy
      pyrimidinylureidopenicillins.

PMID- 3700252
TI  - Single-unit response at the round window of the guinea pig.
AB  - In guinea pigs the unit contribution (unit action potential, ap) to the response
      of the round window was computed following the method used by Kiang and co
      workers (1976), i.e., fibre discharges registered by a microelectrode in the
      nerve were used as trigger pulses for the averaging process of the corresponding
      ap registered with a gross electrode at the round window. Normally the ap was
      independent of the fibre-CF, had a diphasic waveform, and its amplitude was about
      0.1 microV. Small inter-animal differences were found in waveform and amplitude
      of the ap. In a pilot experiment exploring pathological influences on ap, the
      auditory nerve was stretched to mimic the effect of some acoustic nerve tumors.
      We found that the waveforms of both ap and compound action potential (CAP)
      changed. The results indicate that in normal guinea pig cochleas the existence of
      an elementary unit waveform can be used in the convolution of the CAP [Goldstein,
      M.H. Jr. and Kiang, N.Y.S. (1958) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 30, 107-114]. In abnormal
      cochleas, however, deteriorated aps may disturb the simple convolution concept of
      the CAP.

PMID- 3700254
TI  - Perinatal growth of spiral ganglion cells in the kitten.
AB  - Spiral ganglion cell growth and myelination in the kitten have been studied by
      means of light and electron microscopy, in one fetus and in kittens of various
      ages. The growth of spiral ganglion cell bodies and nuclei as studied through
      their cross-section modifications show two different periods of increase: a
      period of rapid growth before birth, followed by a slower one after birth up to
      the first postnatal month. After this stage, the diameter decreases slightly in
      the adult. Myelination of the cell body begins before birth for the basal part of
      the cochlea. Myelination is fast during the first postnatal month, then slows
      down during the following months. Comparison of myelination with the growth of
      the cell body and its nucleus shows that the postnatal growth of the cell body is
      due to the increase of the cytoplasmic component of the cell and also to the
      myelin sheath.

PMID- 3700253
TI  - Application of a point process model to responses of cat lateral superior olive
      units to ipsilateral tones.
AB  - A general point process theory is developed to describe discharges recorded from
      lateral superior olivary units of the cat responding to ipsilaterally presented
      tone bursts and continuous tones. Statistical analysis of the stationary portion
      of the sequence of interspike intervals demonstrated that, for most units, the
      duration of each interval is statistically dependent only on the duration of the
      previous interval. A specific point process model is derived based on this
      analysis to describe the measured serial dependence as well as the deadtimes
      observed in interval histograms. The statistical dependence is well described as
      a shift of the interspike interval distribution, the shift depending on the
      duration of the previous interval. This model is then used to simulate the
      initial chopping in the tone burst responses. It is concluded that chopping
      responses and serial dependence do not result from properties of the unit's
      inputs; rather, they are consequences of the inherent characteristics of the
      unit.

PMID- 3700255
TI  - The frequency-following response to continuous tones in humans.
AB  - Previous studies of the frequency-following response (FFR) in man suggest that it
      has multiple sources. Identification of these sources has been complicated by the
      use of tone bursts to evoke FFRs and the lack of precise methods to calculate
      their amplitude and latency. Tone bursts produce transient responses which
      confound measurements of the FFR. The use of continuous tones avoids this problem
      and the Fast Fourier Transform can be used to assess accurately and efficiently
      the presence, amplitude and phase angle of the FFR. In this study we
      systematically examined the frequency and intensity range over which FFRs to
      continuous tones could be evoked using FFRs to tone bursts for comparison. We
      then analyzed FFRs to continuous tones to determine the sources of this
      potential. FFRs to both stimuli have similar thresholds (65-90 dB SPL) and can be
      evoked by the same range of frequencies. Neurogenic FFRs in man occur only below
      1000 Hz. The source for this potential has a latency of 8.2 +/- 0.1 ms (mean +/-
      SD) and is consistent with a midbrain source. At higher frequencies FFRs have a
      latency of less than 1 ms and are most likely cochlear microphonic. The small
      variation in the latency of the neurogenic FFR suggests this as a possible tool
      for assessing neurological disorders.

PMID- 3700256
TI  - Scalp potentials of normal and hearing-impaired subjects in response to
      sinusoidally amplitude-modulated tones.
AB  - None of the current electrical audiometric procedures, alone or in combination,
      has yet achieved the precision of conventional audiometric testing that is used
      to assess hearing in verbally capable children and adults. The reason for this,
      in part, lies in the use of stimuli which have a wide frequency content. We have
      measured scalp potentials which follow the envelopes of sinusoidally amplitude
      modulated tones: a frequency-specific stimulus. In normal subjects such amplitude
      modulation following responses (AMFRs) appear to be generated by two sources. One
      source has a latency of about 30 ms, generates large responses and is only
      observed at modulations below 55 Hz, while the other source has a latency of 7-9
      ms, generates smaller responses, and is only observed at modulations from 100-350
      Hz. The latencies of these two sources are consistent with origins in the cortex
      and midbrain, respectively. We examined AMFRs to low frequency (50 Hz)
      modulations as a possible audiometric tool. In normal subjects, the amplitude of
      the AMFR increased as a function of intensity, decreased as a function of carrier
      frequency, and could be evoked across the whole audiometric range (250-8000 Hz).
      In hearing-impaired subjects, the AMFR amplitudes as a function of carrier
      frequency accurately reflected the pattern of hearing loss on a frequency-by
      frequency basis. In most subjects, the threshold for evoking the AMFR was within
      0-25 dB of hearing threshold. It therefore appears that the AMFR may be a
      potentially useful tool to assess hearing in those unable to undergo conventional
      audiometric testing.

PMID- 3700257
TI  - Effect of monensin on the performance of cattle on pasture or fed harvested
      forages in confinement.
AB  - Three series of trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of monensin on the
      growth performance of cattle. Twenty-four trials were conducted to evaluate the
      addition of monensin at 200 mg/d to limited quantities of supplemental
      concentrate for growing cattle grazing pastures. The pastures ranged from dormant
      end-of-the-season grasses and crop residues to lush green pastures, and were
      located in several different states. Pasture plus supplement supported gains of
      control cattle (without monensin) of .24 to .96 kg, with an average of .56 kg/d.
      The addition of 200 mg monensin to the supplement increased daily gain in all 24
      trials by an average of .09 kg daily (+16.3%). Eleven trials were conducted with
      monensin and energy supplements fed at .907 kg.- head-1 X d-1 to growing cattle
      grazing growing, nondormant pastures for an average period of 117 d. Each trial
      was designed to compare the performance of unsupplemented cattle, cattle fed a
      supplement and cattle fed a supplement with monensin. Cattle on pasture gained
      .50 kg daily. Supplement feeding increased average daily gain by .09 kg and the
      addition of monensin to the supplement further increased gain by .09 kg, for a
      total increase of .18 kg (34.2%). The efficiencies with which supplemental feed
      was converted to extra gain (kg supplement/kg gain) for the supplement-only and
      the monensin treatment groups were 10.1:1 and 5.0:1, respectively. In a series of
      12 trials, monensin was added at a level of 33 mg/kg air-dry diet to limited
      quantities of supplemental feed for cattle fed harvested forages in confinement.
      All trials compared monensin feeding with a nonmedicated control treatment. Hay
      was fed in 8 of the 12 trials, fresh-cut green-chop in two trials and ensiled
      corn stover and ensiled milo stover in one trial each. Monensin reduced feed
      intake by -3.1%, improved average daily gain by .09 kg (+14.4%) and improved feed
      efficiency by 15.3%.

PMID- 3700258
TI  - Administration of monensin in self-fed (salt limiting) dry supplements or on an
      alternate-day feeding schedule.
AB  - Two series of trials were conducted to evaluate alternative methods of
      administering monensin to pasture cattle. In a series of five trials, monensin
      was incorporated into supplements at 440 mg/kg to provide an average intake of
      200 mg X head-1 X d-1 for growing cattle on pasture. Comparisons were made
      between daily and alternate-day feeding of the supplements. A control treatment
      consisting of unmedicated supplement fed daily also was included. Monensin at 200
      mg/d and 400 mg on alternate days increased gain by .077 (P less than .01) and
      .082 (P less than .01) kg/d above control-cattle gains (.54 kg daily). Nine
      pasture trials were conducted to compare the effectiveness of monensin in
      increasing the daily gain of growing cattle when hand-fed daily in a supplement
      or self-fed in supplements that contained salt to regulate supplement intake.
      Desired supplement intakes were approximately .454 kg X head-1 X d-1 in six
      trials, .68 kg/d in one trial and 1.81 kg/d in two trials. Monensin produced gain
      increases of .09 kg daily (P less than .01) with both feeding systems. The daily
      gains of cattle that were hand-fed and self-fed were equal (P greater than .10).
      Self-fed treatments containing monensin required fewer changes in salt level than
      self-fed treatments not containing monensin, and the salt levels required to
      limit intake were generally 25 to 50% lower when monensin was in the supplement.

PMID- 3700259
TI  - Effects of oral doses of corn oil and other factors on preweaning survival and
      growth of piglets.
AB  - Piglets were provided supplemental energy as oral doses of corn oil to find
      whether such treatment might improve survival or weight gains. A total of 1,840
      piglets from 182 litters was used. Piglets were allotted to dosed and control
      treatments within litter on the basis of body weight. Dosed piglets received a
      total of 8 ml of corn oil in four doses during the first 48 h postpartum. The
      survival rate to weaning was high and not affected (P greater than .10) by the
      corn oil doses. Deaths of piglets low in birth weight were delayed by the fat
      doses, suggesting some utilization. The fat doses did not affect piglet weight
      gain. Factors affecting preweaning survival and growth of piglets were also
      evaluated using data from the same piglets. Specific factors investigated were
      sex, parity of dam, birth weight, litter size and the mean and standard deviation
      of piglet birth weights within litters. Male piglets were heavier at birth than
      females, but there was no sex effect on weight at 7 d or at weaning. Small males
      were less likely to survive to 3 d than were small females. Litters from
      primiparous sows were smaller at birth and weaning, but had lower percentages of
      stillbirths and of preweaning deaths than did those from multiparous sows.
      Piglets from primiparous sows were more uniform in birth weight. Piglets that
      were heavier at birth grew faster and were more likely to survive. Litter size
      affected growth but not survival of piglets. A heavier average birth weight in
      the litter reduced slightly the growth rate of individual piglets. An increase in
      variability of piglet birth weight within a litter was associated with an
      increase of the percentages of stillbirths and of preweaning mortality. A few
      litters accounted for a major portion of the mortality. Much of the variation in
      piglet mortality and growth was not explained by factors considered.

PMID- 3700260
TI  - Inability to predict sexual and aggressive behaviors by plasma concentrations of
      testosterone and luteinizing hormone in Hereford bulls.
AB  - The relationships between sexual and aggressive behaviors and levels of plasma
      testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) were examined in Hereford bulls at 18
      and 24 mo of age. Concentrations of hormones in bulls during periods of sexual
      rest (13 blood samples collected from each animal during a 24-h period) were
      compared with individual differences in sexual and aggressive behaviors when
      exposed to restrained females, either individually or in groups. Nearly all
      correlation coefficients were low and nonsignificant. It was concluded that
      individual differences in sexual performance and aggressive behavior cannot be
      predicted based on circulating levels of testosterone and LH in bulls during
      periods of sexual rest.

PMID- 3700261
TI  - Genetic correlation between boars, barrows and gilts for various carcass traits.
AB  - Data from 11 generations of a selection study were analyzed to estimate genetic
      correlations between boars and gilts, boars and barrows, and gilts and barrows
      for carcass traits in the Lacombe and Yorkshire breeds of swine. Genetic
      correlations were estimated to determine if genotype X sex interactions existed
      and to assess the need for separate genetic parameters for boars and gilts in
      selection response equations. Genotype X sex interactions were found for total
      carcass fat/kg of cold carcass weight, area of lean in the ham face/kg of cold
      carcass weight and percent lean in the ham face/kg of cold carcass weight.
      Carcass length, longissimus muscle area/kg of cold carcass weight percent ham of
      side and percent lean in the ham face did not have genotype X sex interactions.
      Selection based on pooled genetic parameters over sex were favored over selection
      based on separate genetic parameters regardless of the presence or absence of
      genotype X sex interactions.

PMID- 3700262
TI  - Growth, carcass and palatability traits of intact males and steers implanted with
      zeranol or estradiol early and throughout life.
AB  - This study was conducted to assess the impact of implanting intact beef males
      with protein anabolic agents at varying intervals throughout life. Ninety-six
      intact males were assigned to three implant treatments: 1) not implanted, 2)
      implanted at 9 wk of age, weaning and at 56-d intervals thereafter with a 36-mg
      zeranol implant or 3) estradiol implant at 9 wk of age and 68 d post-weaning.
      During the 118-d, post-weaning growing period, eight animals per treatment (one
      replication) were castrated. After a 114-d finishing period, cattle were
      slaughtered (average age of 13 to 14 mo). Feedlot performance, carcass and
      palatability data were obtained. Average daily gains and feed efficiency did not
      differ (P greater than .05) between zeranol and estradiol-implanted intact males.
      Regardless of implant treatment, steers had lighter carcass weights (P less than
      .05) and higher (P less than .01) quality grades than intact males. Implanting
      either intact males or steers with zeranol or estradiol resulted in higher (P
      less than .05) numerical yield grades. Quality grades were higher in zeranol
      implanted cattle than the non-implanted or estradiol-implanted cattle. Intact
      males implanted with zeranol were similar in carcass fatness to zeranol-implanted
      steers. No differences (P greater than .05) in tenderness or connective tissue
      were detected. Implanting intact males early and throughout life with zeranol
      made them similar to steers in fatness, while estradiol implantation had few
      effects on carcass and palatability traits of intact males or steers.

PMID- 3700263
TI  - Susceptibility to stress, postmortem muscle metabolism and meat quality of pigs
      after modification of the fluid volume of the vascular and extravascular spaces.
AB  - Stress-resistant barrows were randomly assigned to groups of 15: I, control; II,
      hemorrhage 24 h before antemortem treatment; III, iv infusion of .45% NaCl 30 min
      before antemortem treatment; IV, iv infusion of 6% dextran (molecular weight
      70,000) in saline 1 h before antemortem treatment and V, water deprivation for 48
      h before antemortem treatment. Five barrows each within groups I through V were
      randomly assigned to three antemortem treatments: A, iv infusion 50% MgSO4
      anesthesia; B, a forced walk of 100 m and electrical stunning (80 V for 20 s) and
      C, a forced walk, 5 min restraint with the use of a snare and electrical
      stunning. Postmortem muscle glycolysis was not affected by modification of fluid
      volumes before MgSO4 anesthesia or alteration of red-blood-cell mass in pigs
      exsanguinated under stress. However, an increase in fluid volume of the
      extravascular space accelerated postmortem glycolysis in pigs exsanguinated under
      stress. Thus, level of free water in muscle at exsanguination may control
      postmortem metabolism regardless of other antemortem extra- and intramuscular
      factors.

PMID- 3700264
TI  - Tryptophan requirement of growing swine as determined by the oxidation of an
      indicator amino acid.
AB  - The tryptophan requirement of growing swine was determined using the oxidation of
      L-[1-14C]-phenylalanine as an indicator of the adequacy of the dietary tryptophan
      level. Forty crossbred boars (30 to 45 kg) were fed a basal diet containing 16%
      protein supplied by corn and gelatin. A series of experimental diets containing
      .05, .08, .10, .15, .20 and .25% L-tryptophan were prepared. The diets were
      supplemented with crystalline amino acids to provide 135% of the recommended
      levels. Release of 14CO2 was measured for 1 h following a meal of the
      experimental diet containing 20 microCi 14C phenylalanine. Increasing dietary
      tryptophan from .05 to .13% decreased release of 14CO2. Further increases in
      dietary tryptophan concentration did not significantly influence 14CO2
      production. Regression analysis using a two-phase linear regression crossover
      model indicated that phenylalanine oxidation was minimized by a dietary
      tryptophan concentration of .13%. It was concluded that at a concentration of
      .13%, tryptophan was no longer limiting the retention of the other amino acids,
      thus this is the requirement for maximum protein retention by the young, growing
      boar.

PMID- 3700265
TI  - Effect of diet and exercise on performance, carcass traits and plasma components
      of growing-finishing barrows.
AB  - Twenty-four barrows (approximately 25 kg initial wt) were used in each of three 2
      X 2 factorially arranged trials to study effects of exercise (not exercised vs
      walking 30 min/d, 6 d/wk on a treadmill) and diet (low energy vs high energy) on
      performance during the growing-finishing period. Average daily gain (ADG) of
      barrows not exercised was greater (P less than .07) than that of those exercised.
      Barrows fed the high-energy diet had greater (P less than .05) ADG, lower (P less
      than .01) feed intake and lower (P less than .01) feed-to-gain ratio than barrows
      fed low-energy diets. In trials 1 and 2, pigs were slaughtered when removed from
      test and selected carcass measurements and internal organ weights were obtained.
      Exercise did not significantly affect carcass length, backfat thickness, loin
      muscle area or lean cuts (as a percentage of off-test weight). Pigs fed the high
      energy diet had more (P less than .01) backfat than those fed the low-energy
      diet. Neither the exercise program nor the diet had a significant effect on organ
      weights. Pigs not exercised had a higher (P less than .05) plasma albumin-to
      globulin ratio and lower (P less than .05) plasma creatinine concentration than
      did pigs that were exercised. Also, pigs not exercised had slightly higher (P
      less than .08) plasma albumin and glucose, but lower (P less than .06) plasma
      globulin levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3700266
TI  - Effects of adding fat to the sow lactation diet on lactation and rebreeding
      performance.
AB  - One-hundred-three multiparous sows were randomly assigned to one of two lactation
      diets containing either no supplemental animal fat (C) or 10% added fat (F)
      during two seasons, summer (S) and winter (W), in a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement
      of treatments. Sows were placed on their respective dietary treatments 1 wk prior
      to farrowing and were fed these diets ad libitum throughout the 28-d lactation
      period. Weekly feed intake and total feed intake were not affected by diet or
      season, while weekly metabolizable energy (ME) intake tended to be higher during
      week 1 and 3, and was higher (P less than .04) during wk 2 for sows fed diet F.
      Sow weight loss from farrowing to 21 d of lactation and to weaning (28 d) were
      unaffected by diet or season. Average pig birth weight was .15 kg higher (P less
      than .01) for pigs born during S compared with those born in W. Sows receiving
      diet F had heavier litters at 21 d (P less than .01) and heavier average pig 21-d
      weights (P less than .01). This was primarily due to the 13.1% increase (P less
      than .04) in estimated milk yield and the higher fat concentration (P less than
      .001) of milk consumed by the pigs nursing sows fed diet F. Interval between
      weaning and rebreeding was shortened by 5.9 d (P less than .01) for sows during W
      than during S, and tended to be lower for sows fed diet F (7.3 d) compared with
      that of sows fed diet C (9.7 d).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3700267
TI  - Fate and residues of [4-14C]estradiol-17 beta after intramuscular injection into
      Holstein steer calves.
AB  - Radiocarbon-labeled estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17 beta-diol [4-14C-estradiol-17
      beta; beta-estradiol] was suspended in commercial peanut oil and administered to
      each of three Holstein steer calves (142 to 170 kg body weight) by deep injection
      into neck muscle via 2.0 ml peanut oil carrier. The dosages were equivalent to
      .27 to .29 mg beta-estradiol/kg body weight. After dosing, radiocarbon was
      rapidly and almost totally eliminated in urine and feces. Most of the
      administered radiocarbon had been eliminated after 2 d, and by 11 d after
      treatment no radiocarbon was detectable in urine or feces of any calf. Of the
      total dose, 42.1 +/- 3.8% was excreted in urine and 57.7 +/- 5.2% was eliminated
      in feces. Analysis of noninjection site tissue samples (blood, brain, fat,
      kidney, liver and muscle) collected at sacrifice 14 d after treatment showed that
      none contained detectable radiocarbon residues, with the sensitivity limit for
      most tissues being 6 ppb beta-estradiol equivalent. Certain sections of muscle
      taken from the injection site area did contain detectable radiocarbon residues
      (as much as 69 ppb beta-estradiol equivalent), but total injection site area
      residues in each calf comprised less than .07% of the total administered dose.
      Radiocarbon in urine consisted primarily of alpha-estradiol, with much lesser
      amounts of estrone. Both compounds occurred as nonconjugates and as glucuronides.
      beta-Estradiol was not detected in urine. Radiocarbon in feces included primarily
      alpha-estradiol but also beta-estradiol and estrone, each in non-conjugated form.
      The fact that most of the intramuscular-administered beta-estradiol was
      eliminated in the feces strongly suggests a major role for biliary excretion in
      the disposition of this steroid by steer calves.

PMID- 3700268
TI  - Feedlot performance and tissue residues of cattle consuming diets containing
      aflatoxins.
AB  - A comparative slaughter feeding trial was conducted using crossbred Hereford
      Angus steers. Cottonseed meal known to be contaminated with aflatoxins was
      fortified with long-grain rice cultures of Aspergillus flavus to produce complete
      rations that contained 0, 60, 300 and 600 ppb aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Forty steers,
      weighing approximately 250 kg were randomly assigned to four equal treatment
      groups. Animals were housed in individual pens and fed the assigned contaminated
      ration ad libitum for 155 d. On d 156 all animals were placed on the control
      ration for 14 d. Animals were weighed and blood samples collected every month for
      clinical chemistry analysis. Liver, muscle and fat biopsies were collected at 6
      wk intervals. These samples were stored in liquid N2 prior to analysis for
      aflatoxin M1 and B1 content. Separate liver samples were taken for
      histopathological examination. Aflatoxin was withdrawn from the diet 2 wk prior
      to slaughter. After 1 wk of withdrawal liver, muscle and fat samples were
      collected and assayed for AFB1 and aflatoxin M1 (AFM1). Liver samples also were
      taken for histopathological examination. Growth rates and feed intakes in the 60
      and 300 ppb aflatoxin treatments were not significantly different from controls.
      The 600-ppb treatment group had a decrease in feed intake and rate of gain.
      Rations containing 60 and 300 ppb of aflatoxin had no significant influence on
      blood components and enzyme patterns. The 600-ppb treatment caused a slight, but
      consistent, increase in serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and alkaline
      phosphatase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3700269
TI  - Role of uteroferrin in placental iron transport in swine: relationship between
      uteroferrin levels and iron deposition in the conceptus during gestation.
AB  - This study was to examine the relationship between uteroferrin and Fe, and Fe and
      Cu in the fetal pig. In Exp. 1, conceptus tissues and fluids were obtained on d
      30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 of gestation for Fe and Cu analyses. In fetus minus liver,
      total Fe and Cu increased constantly between d 30 and 90, but Fe and Cu
      concentrations (microgram/g dry tissue) both decreased between d 30 and 45 and
      then remained relatively constant to d 90. For fetal liver, total Fe increased
      from d 30 (27 micrograms) to d 90 (3,222 micrograms), as did total Cu (14
      micrograms on d 30 to 960 micrograms on d 90). Fetal liver Fe concentration
      (microgram/g dry tissue) decreased from d 30 (1,021) to d 60 (472) and then
      increased to d 90 (1,082), whereas Cu concentration increased between d 30 (537)
      and 60 (830) and then decreased between d 60 (471) and 90 (329). In allantoic
      fluid, both total Fe and Cu increased between d 30 and 60 and then decreased to d
      90. Data from this study indicated a close temporal relationship between Fe and
      Cu in the fetal tissues and fluids examined. In Exp. 2, the relationship between
      Fe and uteroferrin in fetal tissues and fluids was studied. Uteroferrin, measured
      indirectly by acid phosphatase activity and Fe in fetal tissues and fluid
      underwent closely related temporal changes between d 30 and 112 of gestation.
      Changes in total Fe and Fe concentration during gestation were similar to those
      described for Exp. 1 in fetus minus liver, fetal liver and allantoic fluid. In
      addition, total Fe and Fe concentration in placental and endometrial tissues were
      analyzed. It was concluded that uteroferrin provides a major source of Fe in
      endometrial secretion and that it may be stored in placental and endometrial
      tissues. The relationship between Fe and Cu in conceptus tissues and
      erythropoiesis also is discussed.

PMID- 3700270
TI  - Anovulation in postpartum suckled beef cows. I. Associations among size and
      numbers of ovarian follicles, uterine involution, and hormones in serum and
      follicular fluid.
AB  - Changes in sizes and numbers of ovarian antral follicles, uterine size and
      weight, serum hormones, and frequency and duration of suckling were examined
      during the postpartum anovulatory period in primiparous, suckled beef cows.
      Twenty-one anovulatory, suckled cows (n = 4 to 6/d) were slaughtered on d 7, 14,
      28 and 42 to 56 after parturition. In addition, a total of 11 postpartum cows
      that had begun cyclic activity were slaughtered on d 28, 42 or 56. Blood was
      collected at 10-min intervals for 6 h 1 d before slaughter for measurement of
      prolactin, cortisol and progesterone in serum. Numbers of medium (4.0 to 7.9 mm)
      follicles increased fourfold (P less than .05) between d 7 and 42 to 56 in
      anovulatory cows, whereas numbers of small (1.0 to 3.9 mm) and large (greater
      than or equal to 8.0 mm) follicles did not change (P greater than .10). Uterine
      involution was complete by d 28. In anovulatory cows, a higher (P less than .05)
      proportion of largest (but not second-largest) follicles was opposite the ovary
      containing the corpus albicans from pregnancy (CAP). In addition, 90% of these
      largest follicles opposite the CAP had concentrations of estradiol greater than
      progesterone. In cyclic cows, however, first ovulations occurred with equal
      frequency on either ovary. Concentrations of prolactin or cortisol in serum or
      duration of suckling were not associated with changes in uterine or ovarian
      measurements. In conclusion, growth and function of the largest (but not second
      largest) follicle were reduced when located on the ovary containing the
      CAP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3700271
TI  - Neonatal calf serum immunoregulation of lymphocyte blastogenic responses.
AB  - The ability of lymphocytes from newborn calves to undergo blastogenic responses
      to the mitogens Concanavalin A (Con A), phytohemagglutinin (PHA), or Pokeweed
      Mitogen (PWM), and immunomodulation of these responses by neonatal calf serum was
      assessed as a function of age. Lymphocytes were obtained from thymus, spleen, and
      mesenteric lymph nodes of 1-, 2- to 3-, 5- to 7-, and 9- to 10-d-old calves,
      aliquoted and incubated (+/- mitogens) in sera from 1-, 2-, 3-, or 7- to 10-d-old
      calves. Lymph-node lymphocytes responded least when cultured in sera from 1-d-old
      calves, regardless of mitogen or age of cell donor; the response increased as age
      of serum donor increased (P less than .05). Splenic lymphocytes responded
      similarly (P less than .005). However, when cultured in sera from older calves,
      splenic lymphocytes from older calves responded greater to PWM than did those
      from younger calves. Thymic lymphocytes responded minimally to PWM and PHA. Their
      response to Con A increased (P less than .005) with age of serum donor calf, but
      the effect was greatest on lymphocytes from 5- to 7-d-old calves. Mixing
      experiments with varying ratios of 1-d-old calf serum: 10-d-old calf serum
      suggested that serum from 1-d-old calves contained suppressive activity. Serum
      cortisol level (measured by radioimmunoassay) was 30 +/- 4.6 ng/ml in calves at 6
      h of age and declined to 5.5 +/- 1.1 ng/ml by 10 d. Charcoal treatment to remove
      steroids did not enhance blastogenesis. Addition of cortisol (50 ng/ml) to
      charcoal-treated sera resulted in inhibition of response to PHA, but no change in
      response to Con A or PWM. Further investigation is indicated to characterize this
      immunosuppressive activity and to establish its relationship to disease
      susceptibility.

PMID- 3700272
TI  - Postprandial trends in estimated ruminal digesta polysaccharides and their
      relation to changes in bacterial groups and ruminal fluid characteristics.
AB  - In a diurnal study, feedstuff and digesta polysaccharides, ruminal bacterial
      carbohydrate-fermenting groups, and selected ruminal fluid characteristics
      (ruminal pH, ammonia and volatile fatty acids) were measured in ruminal
      cannulated Holstein steers fed high- or low-forage diets at maintenance level
      intake once daily. A procedure for the sequential extraction of soluble sugar,
      starch, pectin, hemicellulose and cellulose from feedstuffs was developed to
      measure these carbohydrates in dietary and ruminal digesta samples. Recovery of
      dry matter (determined chemically) using this scheme was 60 to 70%. Data were
      obtained within the ranges of those in the literature for similar feedstuffs
      and(or) by similar methods. Dietary analysis by the sequential method yielded
      total recovery across all carbohydrate fractions of 87 and 81% for the high- and
      low-forage diets, respectively, and similar recoveries were obtained for the
      digesta samples. Analytical variation was small (less than or equal to 15% CV),
      which permitted comparison of the carbohydrate profiles of the digesta over time.
      From these values, total ruminal digesta polysaccharide content was calculated
      and, when plotted over time, indicated that the disappearance per fraction
      corresponded with theoretical curves for ruminal fermentation of major feedstuff
      components. The postprandial variation within the bacterial population
      carbohydrate-fermenting groups was small, but changes were consistent with
      digesta component fermentation. Xylan- and cellulose-fermenting groups followed a
      pattern compatible with the disappearance of these polysaccharides from the
      rumen. In contrast, soluble sugar-fermenting groups predominated at all times
      despite the rapid rise and fall of these components in the digesta. Ruminal fluid
      pH, ammonia and total carbohydrate supported the digesta and bacterial trends
      observed. The data are interpreted to suggest that once daily maintenance feeding
      of high- or low- forage diets permits detection of digesta sugar and
      polysaccharide changes, supports a relatively stable microbial population while
      specific groups increase and decrease with the availability of substrate, and
      results in few differences in ruminal fluid traits.

PMID- 3700273
TI  - Vanadium metabolism in sheep. III. Influence of dietary vanadium on kinetics of
      48V administered orally or intravenously and comparison of compartmental and
      graphical models.
AB  - Radiotracer techniques were used to investigate the influence of dietary stable V
      on the excretion, distribution and blood clearance kinetics of 48V in 14 rams
      averaging 58 kg body weight. Rams were fed a basal diet with added levels of 0,
      50 or 200 mg/kg V as NH4 VO3 for 25 wk before either oral or iv administration of
      the isotope. A three-compartment model was determined by graphical logarithmic
      analysis of blood disappearance data from iv-dosed rams and compared with a
      simultaneous multicompartment model, which made it possible to ascribe
      physiological processes to the components of the graphical model. The principal
      route of excretion of 48V administered iv was via urine, whereas the isotope
      given orally was excreted almost entirely by way of feces, resulting in low
      tissue and urinary 48V levels. Increasing dietary V increased (P less than .05)
      the percentage of dose excreted in urine regardless of dosing route, but dietary
      V had no effect on 48V excreted in feces. Stable dietary V had no effect on blood
      clearance rates of orally or iv-dosed rams. Dietary V addition decreased 48V
      concentration in kidney (P less than .01), liver, spleen, testes and muscle (P
      less than .05) of iv-dosed rams, but had no effect in rams dosed orally. Kidney,
      bone, liver and spleen retained the highest levels of 48V activity 144 h after
      dosing. Dietary V appeared to have a minimal effect on V kinetics in rams.

PMID- 3700274
TI  - Effects of dietary nitrogen level and ileal antibiotic administration on
      digestion and passage rates in beef heifers. I. High-concentrate diets.
AB  - Four beef heifers (211 kg) fitted with ruminal, duodenal and ileal cannulae (T
      type), were fed a high-concentrate diet with a low (L) or high (H) level of N
      (1.71 and 2.18%, respectively), and received daily doses of either saline (S) or
      an antibiotic (A) mixture (2 g neomycin sulfate and .25 g bacitracin) into the
      terminal ileum in a 4 X 4 Latin-square experiment. Added N increased ruminal NH3
      N concentration and tended to increase efficiency of microbial growth and to
      decrease ruminal disappearance of organic matter, starch and protein.
      Administration of antibiotics into the ileum reduced nucleic acid content of
      feces (P less than .05), tended to reduce digestion of organic matter and starch
      in the hindgut and total tract and increased ileal pH (P less than .05). Ileal
      administration of antibiotics increased ruminal escape of feed N by 26 and 42%
      with the low and high N diets, respectively, and increased ruminal passage rate
      of particulates. Ruminal N digestion was inversely related to ruminal particulate
      passage rate (r = -.49; P less than .06). Ruminal liquid passage rate was
      inversely related to rate of fluid passage through the hindgut and was reduced by
      ileal administration of antibiotics with the low N diet, but increased by
      antibiotics with the high N diet. Results indicate that administration of
      antibiotics into the terminal ileum alters digestive function earlier in the
      digestive tract including ruminal passage rates and digestion of N in the rumen.
      Responses were partially modulated by dietary N level.

PMID- 3700275
TI  - Effects of dietary nitrogen level and ileal antibiotic administration on
      digestion and passage rate in beef heifers. II. High-forage diets.
AB  - Four beef heifers (258 kg), fitted with ruminal, duodenal and ileal cannulae (T
      type), were fed a high-forage diet with a low (L) or high (H) level of N (1.44
      and 2%, respectively), and received daily doses of either antibiotics (A; 2 g
      neomycin sulfate and .25 g of bacitracin) or saline (S) into the ileum in a 4 X 4
      Latin-square experiment. Passage of nonammonia-N to the duodenum represented 128,
      142, 92 and 104% of N intake for LS, LA, HS and HA treatments, respectively,
      indicating that administration of antibiotics into the ileum tended to increase
      the output of N from the rumen. Digestion of organic matter, acid detergent fiber
      and starch in the rumen tended to be lower in animals receiving antibiotics in
      the terminal ileum. Administration of antibiotics into the ileum tended to
      increase ruminal ammonia-N (NH3-N) concentration with the H diet, but to decrease
      ruminal NH3-N with the L diet. Particle passage rate from the rumen, estimated
      from marker concentrations in feces, was negatively related to ruminal organic
      matter digestion (r = -.52; P less than .03). Ileal antibiotic infusion tended to
      slow passage of fluid from the rumen and hindgut, but to increase volume of
      digesta in the hindgut.

PMID- 3700276
TI  - Nitrogen utilization and digestibility by growing steers and goats of diets that
      contain monensin and low crude protein.
AB  - Two digestion and metabolism experiments were conducted to determine effects of
      monensin in low-protein diets. Monensin supplementation (27 mg/kg of diet dry
      matter) of steers (303 kg) fed 8.7% crude protein increased (P less than .01)
      apparent N digestibility and N retention and decreased (P less than .01)
      percentage of N apparently absorbed lost in urine. Apparent digestibilities of
      dry matter, gross energy and acid detergent lignin were increased (P less than
      .05). Digestibilities of neutral detergent and acid detergent fibers were not
      affected by monensin. In growing wether goats (15 kg) fed 8.5% crude protein,
      monensin (23 mg/kg of diet dry matter) improved (P less than .01) apparent N
      digestibility and apparent N absorption. However, urinary N excretion also
      increased (P less than .05), resulting in no difference in N retention. Monensin
      did not affect digestibilities of dry matter or gross energy. Efficiency of feed
      conversion and average daily gain were improved with monensin supplementation of
      growing goats fed a low-protein, high-roughage diet. Monensin resulted in typical
      shift of acetate-to-propionate ratio in both experiments. Results suggest that
      improved N utilization may account for some benefits of feeding monensin.

PMID- 3700277
TI  - Effects of dietary chlortetracycline on the antimicrobial resistance of porcine
      faecal streptococcaceae.
AB  - Breeding pigs and one-half of their progeny were fed antimicrobial-free rations;
      the other half of the progeny received rations supplemented with 100 g of
      chlortetracycline (Ctc)/ton. Effects of dietary Ctc with respect to the
      distribution of species and biotypes of faecal Gram-positive cocci and their
      relative resistance to 12 antimicrobial agents were studied. Diversity of
      antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns and modal AMR patterns were determined
      for bacterial species common to all three groups. Numerical taxonomic analysis
      placed 1140 of 1150 isolates (99%) into 10 groups. Three of these were biotypes
      of Streptococcus faecium and contained the largest number of isolates (n = 934,
      81%). Streptococcus faecalis, Strep. morbillorum, Pediococcus halophilus and
      Gemella haemolysans also were isolated. Generally, the proportion of tetracycline
      resistant strains for a species or biotype was greater from pigs fed Ctc,
      although differences were not significant (P greater than 0.05). There was a
      significant difference (P less than 0.05) among all the groups for the percentage
      of penicillin-resistant strains in a biotype of Strep. faecium. Overall, 57 and
      43 different AMR patterns, including 2 to 11 and 1 to 11 resistance determinants,
      were demonstrated in isolates from control pigs and pigs fed Ctc, respectively.
      Modal AMR patterns in species and biotypes were the same from both progeny
      groups, except for Strep. faecium. AMR pattern diversity was decreased for
      strains from pigs fed Ctc. Similar proportions of resistant strains from each
      group of progeny pigs were accompanied by decreased AMR pattern diversity in
      strains from pigs fed Ctc. These results indicated a change in distribution of
      AMR phenotypical patterns, rather than a change in overall frequency of
      individual resistant phenotypes.

PMID- 3700278
TI  - Pyridine nucleotides and redox state regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis in
      Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 3240.
AB  - In vivo regulation of lipid and aflatoxin biosynthesis by pyridine nucleotides
      and their derived functions was studied in Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 3240.
      Aflatoxins, total lipids and pyridine nucleotide content were estimated under
      different growth conditions. Aflatoxin formation was highest in cultures grown in
      sucrose-low salts medium followed by asparagine- and zinc-deficient media. The
      lipid content of the cultures followed an inverse pattern. The levels of oxidized
      nucleotides decreased with age under all culture conditions employed.
      Concentrations of NADPH peaked before the onset of aflatoxin biosynthesis. For
      each medium used, the estimated catabolite reduction charge was constant at all
      stages of growth whereas the anabolic reduction charge varied. A direct
      relationship between the level of extracellular ammonium ions and anabolic
      reduction charge was established. A high anabolic reduction charge was associated
      with increased lipid biosynthesis rather than aflatoxin biosynthesis.

PMID- 3700279
TI  - Comparison of Muller-Kauffmann tetrathionate broth with Rappaport-Vassiliadis
      (RV) medium for the isolation of salmonellas from sewage sludge.
AB  - The Rappaport-Vassiliadis (RV, modification of Rappaport's) medium was superior
      to Muller-Kauffmann tetrathionate broth (MKT) for the enrichment and isolation of
      salmonellas from sewage sludge samples, either naturally contaminated or
      artificially inoculated with salmonella. Isolation rates for RV (42 degrees C)
      were higher even when MKT (43 degrees C) performance was improved by the use of
      brilliant green sul-phamandelate agar. Kinetic results show that the suppression
      of the competing flora was poorer in MKT than in RV. The use of high inoculum to
      medium volume ratios (e.g. 1:5000) increased the isolation rates from RV and
      kinetic data explain why this was so.

PMID- 3700280
TI  - From whole organisms to crystallography: the changing face of the target of beta
      lactam antibiotics.

PMID- 3700281
TI  - The effect of antiseptics and topical antimicrobials on wound healing.

PMID- 3700282
TI  - Sensitivity patterns of coagulase-negative staphylococci from neonates.
AB  - Coagulase-negative staphylococci from neonates on two special care baby units
      were collected and the sensitivity patterns to 18 antibiotics were compared. The
      two units had different antibiotic policies and this correlated with different
      sensitivity profiles for the isolates. Netilmicin was shown to be the most active
      aminoglycoside and cefamandole the most active cephalosporin.

PMID- 3700283
TI  - In-vitro activity of RU 28965, a new macrolide, compared to that of erythromycin.
AB  - The activity of a novel macrolide, RU 28965, was compared to that of erythromycin
      against Gram-positive organisms isolated mainly from cancer patients. RU 28965
      was active against streptococci including Streptococcus pneumoniae and
      streptococcal groups A, B and G. It was also active against methicillin
      susceptible staphylococci, Bacillus cereus and Listeria monocytogenes. Its
      activity against these organisms was generally equal to that of erythromycin. RU
      28965 was moderately active against enterococci and inactive against JK
      diphtheroids and three different species of coagulase-negative staphylococci.
      Organisms resistant to erythromycin were also resistant to RU 28965.

PMID- 3700284
TI  - Antigiardial activity of the bile salt-like antibiotic sodium fusidate.
AB  - Possible antigiardial activity of the bile salt-like antibiotic, sodium fusidate
      has been investigated during 24 h liquid culture of Giardia lamblia trophozoites
      and in 4 h microassays for parasite motility inhibition and viability. Sodium
      fusidate inhibited Giardia growth (ED50 0.2 mM; MIC 0.3 mM) but was considerably
      less potent than metronidazole (ED50 0.002 mM; MIC 0.05 mM). Sodium fusidate and
      metronidazole were active inhibitors of parasite motility (ED50 0.9 and 0.3 mM
      respectively) but were largely without effect in the 4 h viability assay. Sodium
      fusidate was active at concentrations well below its critical micellar
      concentration (2.7 mM) suggesting that its effect was not merely related to its
      membranolytic detergent properties. Its taurine and glycine conjugates were
      markedly less potent and paradoxically stimulated growth at low concentration.
      The studies suggest that sodium fusidate does have antigiardial activity and in
      view of its relative freedom from teratogenic and other toxic effects may be
      useful in pregnancy when other antigiardial agents are contra-indicated or as an
      adjunct in combination therapy when other single agents have failed to eradicate
      infection.

PMID- 3700285
TI  - Comparative in-vitro activity of antibiotics incorporated in acrylic bone cement.
AB  - We compared the persistence of antibacterial activity around antibiotic
      impregnated acrylic bone cement discs which were serially transferred on seeded
      agar plates. On plates inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, CMW1
      discs containing 2.5% by dry weight of cephalothin, coumermycin or fusidic acid
      (as diethanolamine fusidate) produced zones of inhibition for four to eight weeks
      when transferred daily. In contrast, ceftriaxone, cotrimoxazole, rifampicin and
      vancomycin ceased to be inhibitory within a week. Discs made of 'Palacos-R with
      Garamycin,' which contains gentamicin 1.25%, had an intermediate duration of
      activity. When Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 was used as the test organism,
      ceftriaxone and 'Palacos-R with Garamycin' showed activity for almost three
      weeks, cephalothin and cotrimoxazole were briefly inhibitory and the remainder
      not at all. When discs were transferred each week instead of daily, the ranking
      of antibiotics was similar but antibacterial activity persisted for longer. A
      combination of gentamicin plus fusidic acid in CMW1 was active for a much shorter
      time than either fusidic acid alone or 'Palacos-R with Garamycin'. We conclude
      that coumermycin is a promising new agent for incorporation in acrylic cement.

PMID- 3700286
TI  - Macrolides and immunity: effects of erythromycin and spiramycin on human
      mononuclear cell proliferation.
AB  - Macrolides are actively concentrated by leucocytes. The dose-effect responses of
      spiramycin (Sp) and erythromycin (Er) on phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed
      mitogen (PWM) stimulated human mononuclear leucocytes (MNL) were studied. Cell
      viability was not altered at any antibiotic concentration (1-100 mg/l). Both Sp
      and Er showed dose-related inhibition of the proliferative response of PHA and
      PWM stimulated MNL. Very marked effects were observed at high antibiotic
      concentrations and the effects observed at low concentrations (1-10), although
      small, were also significant. Similar results were observed for the mitogen PWM.
      A decrease in tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR) incorporation occurred only if Sp and
      Er were added during the first 8 h of culture. Sp and Er also induced a decrease
      in tritiated uridine (3H-UdR) uptake. These data suggest that Sp and Er
      interfered with an early event in the cell cycle. However Sp did not affect PHA
      binding to MNL. The clinical significance of these findings is discussed.

PMID- 3700287
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of aztreonam in infected patients.
AB  - Pharmacokinetic parameters of aztreonam were determined in 22 patients with
      severe Gram-negative infections, treated with 0.5 or 1 g tid as an infusion of 30
      min duration. Plasma concentrations were determined microbiologically. Most
      patients had various degrees of renal impairment and they showed a wide variety
      of age and body weight. The mean calculated volume of distribution was 17.31 or
      260 ml/kg. The total plasma clearance correlated well with the creatinine
      clearance; the mean plasma clearance was 82 ml/min and the extrapolated
      extrarenal clearance was 9 ml/min. Actually measured half lives of aztreonam
      varied between 1 h 20 min, in a patient with normal renal function, and 9 h 40
      min in a patient with severely impaired renal function. The results differ from
      predictions by other authors. Based on our results a dosage adjustment schedule
      for renal impairment is suggested.

PMID- 3700288
TI  - Activity of penicillin or ticarcillin in combination with clavulanic acid in the
      treatment of experimental intra-abdominal abscess.
AB  - The combination of clavulanic acid (CA) with penicillin or ticarcillin was
      evaluated in a rat intra-abdominal abscess model. Gelatin capsules filled with a
      mixture of Bacteroides fragilis and Escherichia coli were implanted
      intraperitoneally in male Wistar rats. Four different groups of animals with
      appropriate controls were treated with penicillin or ticarcillin alone or in
      combination with CA. The treatment was started either immediately or delayed for
      48 h after peritoneal inoculation. The therapeutic regimen was given for ten days
      at 8-hourly intervals. The mortality rate decreased to almost one-half when
      antibiotic therapy was started within 6 h. Seventy-nine to 89% of animals were
      cured when treated with ticarcillin in combination with CA showing that
      ticarcillin + CA was the most effective regimen of those tested in the treatment
      of experimental intra-abdominal abscess of rats caused by Bact. fragilis and E.
      coli.

PMID- 3700289
TI  - Benzylpenicillin-induced neutropenia.
AB  - Neutropenia is a potentially serious complication of parenteral benzylpenicillin
      administration. It is thought to occur more frequently in patients receiving
      infusions of stored penicillin solutions. We report three cases of neutropenia
      produced after bolus injections of freshly prepared benzylpenicillin. Twenty-five
      other cases were reviewed from the literature and the data summarized.

PMID- 3700290
TI  - Protein binding of antibiotics does affect their antistaphyloccal activity.

PMID- 3700291
TI  - The minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of antibiotics and anti
      ulcer agents against Campylobacter pyloridis.
AB  - The minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of twenty-two antibiotics,
      in liquid and solid media, and three anti-peptic ulcer drugs in liquid media were
      determined against twenty isolates of Campylobacter pyloridis. Camp. pyloridis
      was very susceptible to most antibiotics, more so than Camp. jejuni and Camp.
      fetus, but was resistant to nalidixic acid. The MIC90 of cimetidine against Camp.
      pyloridis was 512 mg/l, and of ranitidine was 6400 mg/l. The difference in
      susceptibility patterns between Camp. pyloridis and other campylobacters may
      indicate that Camp. pyloridis is not a member of the Campylobacter genus.

PMID- 3700292
TI  - Amikacin synergism with beta-lactam antibiotics against selected nosocomial
      pathogens.
AB  - The synergistic interaction between amikacin and several investigational
      antibiotics against seven different genera of nosocomial pathogens was assessed
      using the microtitre checkerboard technique. The greatest percentage of tests
      showing synergy was when amikacin was used in combination with apalcillin and
      azlocillin particularly against Serratia marcescens and Proteus spp. When
      amikacin was combined with several new semi-synthetic cephalosporins, synergy was
      present in a variable percentage of tests. No antagonism was found in any of the
      tested combinations.

PMID- 3700293
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of a syrup formulation of amoxycillin-potassium clavulanate in
      children.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of a syrup formulation consisting of four parts of
      amoxycillin and one part of potassium clavulanate (Augmentin) were studied in 11
      paediatric patients, 3 to 14 years of age. Single oral doses of 25 mg of
      Augmentin per kg body weight (20 mg of amoxycillin per kg plus 5 mg of potassium
      clavulanate per kg, i.e. 1 mg of the syrup per kg) were administered on an empty
      stomach, and were well accepted and tolerated. Mean peak plasma concentrations 60
      90 min after dosing were 7.2 mg/l for amoxycillin and 2.0 mg/l for clavulanic
      acid. Mean terminal phase plasma half-lives were 1.4 and 1.0 h, respectively. It
      is concluded that 25-mg/kg doses of this syrup formulation of Augmentin
      administered three times daily should be adequate therapy for various childhood
      bacterial infections.

PMID- 3700294
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and protein binding of cefazolin and cephalothin in patients
      with cirrhosis.
AB  - The effects of liver disease on the pharmacokinetics and protein binding of
      cefazolin and cephalothin were studied in patients with cirrhosis, chronic active
      hepatitis or normal liver function. The T1/2 and mean residence time of cefazolin
      were significantly shorter in cirrhosis. Cephalothin clearance was decreased by
      cirrhosis. Plasma protein binding of cefazolin, but not cephalothin was
      significantly reduced in cirrhosis. It is suggested that no dose reduction is
      necessary for either drug in severe hepatic impairment.

PMID- 3700295
TI  - Prophylaxis of Candida albicans infection with tuftsin.
AB  - The efficacy of tuftsin, a naturally-occurring immunomodulating peptide, in the
      prophylaxis of disseminated Candida albicans infections in mice was studied. The
      intravenous administration of tuftsin caused prolonged survival at all
      concentrations tested.

PMID- 3700296
TI  - Penetration of mezlocillin into pancreatic juice.

PMID- 3700297
TI  - Chronic sodium cyanate treatment induces "hypoxia-like" effects in rats.
AB  - Three weeks of sodium cyanate (NaCNO) intraperitoneal treatment in rats (n = 15)
      induced high hemoglobin O2 affinity, i.e., low PO2 at 50% hemoglobin saturation
      (P50), 20.5 +/- 1.4 Torr, in comparison with the mean control values, 34.5 +/-
      1.6 Torr (n = 15). NaCNO rats showed a reduction in mean body weight, 376 +/- 27
      g, in comparison with controls, 423 +/- 23 g (P less than 0.001). Despite
      arterial O2 partial pressure (PaO2) within normal limits NaCNO-treated rats had a
      higher systolic right ventricular pressure (SRVP), 33.7 +/- 3.1 Torr, in
      comparison with control value, 29.0 +/- 2.5 Torr (P less than 0.001). Right
      ventricle weights were significantly increased (P less than 0.001). After 60 min
      of an hypoxic challenge (fractional concentration of inspired O2 = 0.10) NaCNO
      treated rats increased SRVP of only 7 +/- 4% compared with 46 +/- 9% in the
      control animals. Inducing high hemoglobin affinity in rats (n = 10; 6 wk NaCNO
      treatment) resulted in increases in hematocrit ratio and hemoglobin concentration
      (P less than 0.001). The characteristics of the red blood cell (RBC) itself
      changed; values of mean cell volume, mean cell hemoglobin, and mean cell
      hemoglobin concentration being significantly increased (P less than 0.001) when
      compared with mean control values. The count of nucleated RBC's appeared to be
      significantly higher from the 2nd wk of NaCNO treatment. Chronic NaCNO treatment
      was demonstrated to exert "hypoxia-like" effects since it induced prevention of
      normal growth, polycythemia, pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular
      hypertrophy, and blunted pulmonary pressor response to acute hypoxia.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3700298
TI  - Cutaneous vascular responses to heat simulated at a high altitude of 5,600 m.
AB  - Six healthy young men were studied in a high-altitude chamber during a 60-min
      heat exposure at a simulated altitude of 5,600 m or 0.5 atmosphere absolute
      (ATA). The heat load was provided by increasing the chamber temperature to 38
      degrees C at the rate of 1 degree C/min after a 60-min equilibrium period at
      thermoneutrality (28 degrees C). Our question was whether or not hypoxia causes
      differential changes in regional cutaneous circulation during heat exposure. Skin
      blood flow in the forearm (FBF) and the finger (FiBF), temperatures of the
      esophagus (Tes) and of the skin, and cardiac output (CO) were measured during the
      heat exposure at 0.5 ATA and at the sea level (1 ATA). During the equilibrium
      period, hypoxia increased the mean skin temperature and mean heat transfer
      coefficient, as well as FBF and forearm vascular conductance. The increased blood
      flow in the cutaneous circulation during the hypoxic exposure may reflect
      cutaneous vasodilation and vasoconstriction in other regions of the body, since
      there was no alteration in CO and total peripheral resistance. During heat
      exposure, Tes rose faster at high altitude than at sea level. However, at the end
      of the 60-min heat exposure, all thermal as well as circulatory parameters showed
      no difference between the two altitudes, except for the FiBF. An attenuated
      vasodilation in the fingers during heat exposure at high altitude suggests
      differential vascular controls and possible impairment of thermoregulation when
      additional stress, such as heat, is imposed. The data suggest that cutaneous
      blood flow during heat exposure is not uniform throughout the entire skin in a
      hypoxic environment.

PMID- 3700299
TI  - Muscle power and metabolism in maximal intermittent exercise.
AB  - Muscle power and the associated metabolic changes in muscle were investigated in
      eight male human subjects who performed four 30-s bouts of maximal isokinetic
      cycling at 100 rpm, with 4-min recovery intervals. In the first bout peak power
      and total work were (mean +/- SE) 1,626 +/- 102 W and 20.83 +/- 1.18 kJ,
      respectively; muscle glycogen decreased by 18.2 mmol/kg wet wt, lactate increased
      to 28.9 +/- 2.7 mmol/kg, and there were up to 10-fold increases in glycolytic
      intermediates. External power and work decreased by 20% in both the second and
      third exercise periods, but no further change occurred in the fourth bout. Muscle
      glycogen decreased by an additional 14.8 mmol/kg after the second exercise and
      thereafter remained constant. Muscle adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was reduced by
      40% from resting after each exercise period; creatine phosphate (CP) decreased
      successively to less than 5% of resting; in the recovery periods ATP and CP
      increased to 76 and 95% of initial resting levels, respectively. Venous plasma
      glycerol increased linearly to 485% of resting; free fatty acids did not change.
      Changes in muscle glycogen, lactate, and glycolytic intermediates suggested rate
      limitation at phosphofructokinase during the first and second exercise periods,
      and phosphorylase in the third and fourth exercise periods. Despite minimal
      glycolytic flux in the third and fourth exercise periods, subjects generated
      1,000 W peak power and sustained 400 W for 30 s, 60% of the values recorded in
      the first exercise period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3700300
TI  - Intramuscular and surface electromyogram changes during muscle fatigue.
AB  - Twelve male subjects were tested to determine the effects of motor unit (MU)
      recruitment and firing frequency on the surface electromyogram (EMG) frequency
      power spectra during sustained maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and 50% MVC of
      the biceps brachii muscle. Both the intramuscular MU spikes and surface EMG were
      recorded simultaneously and analyzed by means of a computer-aided intramuscular
      spike amplitude-frequency histogram and frequency power spectral analysis,
      respectively. Results indicated that both mean power frequency (MPF) and
      amplitude (rmsEMG) of the surface EMG fell significantly (P less than 0.001)
      together with a progressive reduction in MU spike amplitude and firing frequency
      during sustained MVC. During 50% MVC there was a significant decline in MPF (P
      less than 0.001), but this decline was accompanied by a significant increase in
      rmsEMG (P less than 0.001) and a progressive MU recruitment as evidenced by an
      increased number of MUs with relatively large spike amplitude. Our data suggest
      that the surface EMG amplitude could better represent the underlying MU activity
      during muscle fatigue and the frequency powers spectral shift may or may not
      reflect changes in MU recruitment and rate-coding patterns.

PMID- 3700301
TI  - Partial recovery of neutrophil functions during prolonged hypothermia in pigs.
AB  - The changes in circulation and migration of mature and immature neutrophils
      during 12 h of hypothermia have been studied using an experimental pig model. At
      29 degrees C the number of circulating neutrophils fell from 5 +/- 1.1 at 37
      degrees C to 3.5 +/- 0.6 X 10(9)/l and then remained unchanged while hypothermia
      was maintained. The number of circulating immature neutrophils did not fall
      during hypothermia. During hypothermia, hydrocortisone failed to stimulate the
      release of mature and immature neutrophils from the bone marrow. In contrast,
      endotoxin caused a profound neutropenia followed by a gradual increase in the
      number of circulating mature neutrophils, which by 6 h, was similar to the number
      circulating before endotoxin administration. At 29 degrees C the number of
      circulating immature neutrophils also fell following endotoxin but then increased
      over the number circulating before endotoxin administration by approximately 10
      fold. Compared with neutrophil migration at 37 degrees C, very few mature or
      immature neutrophils migrated to an inflammatory site during the 12 h of
      hypothermia (29 degrees C). Unlike hypothermia in vitro, where neutrophil
      function may improve with time in vivo, neutrophil function remains compromised.

PMID- 3700302
TI  - Ontogeny of homeothermy in the immature rat: metabolic and thermal responses.
AB  - Steady-state thermoregulatory responses were measured in the immature rat at 5,
      7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, and 19 days of age. Tests were conducted at controlled
      ambient temperatures (Ta) ranging from 22.5 to 37.0 degrees C. Colonic (Tco) and
      skin (tail, interscapular, abdominal) temperatures were measured, as was O2
      consumption from which metabolic rate (M) was calculated. Significant
      improvements in homeothermic ability occurred from 5 to 19 days of age. Although
      the resting level of M (RMR) increased by 6.9 W/m2 and the lower Ta limit for RMR
      (LCT) decreased by 2.5 degrees C as age advanced from 5 to 19 days, Tco at LCT
      was 36.8-37.1 degrees C at all ages studied. Below LCT the elevation of M to a
      given decrease in Tco was greater the older the animal. A comparable response to
      a change in skin temperature was not age dependent. Improvement in thermal
      insulation was the primary factor responsible for increases in homeothermic
      ability between 5 and 19 days of age.

PMID- 3700303
TI  - Changes in lung volume and rib cage configuration with abdominal binding in
      quadriplegia.
AB  - Previous studies suggest that abdominal binding may affect the interaction of the
      rib cage and the diaphragm over the tidal range of breathing in quadriplegia. To
      determine whether abdominal binding influences rib cage motion over the entire
      range of inspiratory capacity, we used spirometry and the helium-dilution
      technique to measure functional residual capacity (FRC), inspiratory capacity,
      and total lung capacity (TLC) in eight quadriplegic and five normal subjects in
      supine, tilted (37 degrees), and seated positions. Combined data in all three
      positions indicated that, with abdominal binding, FRC and TLC decreased in normal
      subjects [delta FRC = -0.33 + 0.151 (SD) P less than 0.01); delta TLC = -0.16 +
      0.121, P less than 0.05]. In quadriplegia there was also a reduction in FRC with
      binding (delta FRC = -0.32 + 0.101, P less than 0.001). However, TLC increased in
      quadriplegia (delta TLC = 0.07 + 0.061, P less than 0.025). In an additional six
      quadriplegic and five normal subjects, we used magnetometers to define the
      influences of abdominal binding on rib cage dimensions and TLC. In quadriplegia,
      rib cage dimensions were increased at TLC with abdominal binding, whereas there
      was no change in normals. Our data suggest that this inspiratory effect of
      abdominal binding on augmenting rib cage volume in quadriplegia is greater than
      the effect of impeding diaphragm descent, and thus abdominal binding produces a
      net increase in TLC in quadriplegia.

PMID- 3700304
TI  - Time course of muscular blood metabolites during forearm rhythmic exercise in
      hypoxia.
AB  - O2 concentration, PO2, PCO2, pH, osmolarity, lactate (LA), and hemoglobin (Hb)
      concentrations in deep forearm venous blood were repeatedly measured during
      submaximal exercise of forearm muscles. Concentrations of arterial blood gases
      were determined at rest and during exercise. Experiments were conducted under
      normoxia and hypobaric hypoxia (PB = 465 Torr). In arterial blood, data obtained
      during exercise were the same as those obtained during rest under either normoxia
      or hypoxia. In venous muscular blood, PO2 and O2 concentration were lower at rest
      and during exercise in hypoxia. The muscular arteriovenous O2 difference during
      exercise in hypoxia was increased by no more than 10% compared with normoxia,
      which implied that muscular blood flow during exercise also increased by the same
      percentage, if we assume that exercise O2 consumption was not affected by
      hypoxia. Despite increased [LA], the magnitude of changes in PCO2 and pH in
      hypoxia were smaller than in normoxia during exercise and recovery; this finding
      is probably due to the increased blood buffer value induced by the greater amount
      of reduced Hb in hypoxia. Hence all the changes occurring in hypoxia showed that
      local metabolism was less affected than we expected from the decrease in arterial
      PO2. The rise in [Hb] that occurred during exercise was lower in hypoxia.
      Possible underlying mechanisms of the [Hb] rise during exercise are discussed.

PMID- 3700305
TI  - Dexamethasone protects against high-dose endotoxin without loss of tolerance to
      oxygen.
AB  - Endotoxin (500 micrograms/kg)-treated rats are very tolerant to hyperoxia
      (greater than 95% O2, 1 ATA). We have now attempted to determine if dexamethasone
      given to rats 1 h before a usually lethal dose of endotoxin would diminish
      endotoxin's lethality without substantially abrogating its capacity to confer
      tolerance to hyperoxia. Endotoxin (20 mg/kg) given alone killed 70-80% of air- or
      O2-breathing rats within 24 h; dexamethasone (0.6 mg) given 1 h before endotoxin
      decreased mortality at 24 h to 10-15%. About 90% of the rats that were alive 24 h
      after receiving dexamethasone plus endotoxin (20 mg/kg) survived 72 h of
      hyperoxia. Dexamethasone plus endotoxin (10 mg/kg) provided as much protection
      against pulmonary edema resulting from 72 h of hyperoxia as did 500 micrograms/kg
      endotoxin alone. Tolerance to hyperoxia produced by dexamethasone plus high-dose
      endotoxin was accompanied by a rise in the activity in the lung of antioxidant
      enzymes. We conclude that dexamethasone protects rats against the lethal effects
      of high doses of endotoxin without interfering with endotoxin's capacity to
      engender tolerance to hyperoxia.

PMID- 3700306
TI  - Effects of exercise in normoxia and acute hypoxia on respiratory muscle
      metabolites.
AB  - We determined changes in rat plantaris, diaphragm, and intercostal muscle
      metabolites following exercise of various intensities and durations, in normoxia
      and hypoxia (FIO2 = 0.12). Marked alveolar hyperventilation occurred during all
      exercise conditions, suggesting that respiratory muscle motor activity was high.
      [ATP] was maintained at rest levels in all muscles during all normoxic and
      hypoxic exercise bouts, but at the expense of creatine phosphate (CP) in
      plantaris muscle and diaphragm muscle following brief exercise at maximum O2
      uptake (VO2max) in normoxia. In normoxic exercise plantaris [glycogen] fell as
      exercise exceeded 60% VO2max, and was reduced to less than 50% control during
      exhaustive endurance exercise (68% VO2max for 54 min and 84% for 38 min).
      Respiratory muscle [glycogen] was unchanged at VO2max as well as during either
      type of endurance exercise. Glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) rose consistently during
      heavy exercise in diaphragm but not in plantaris. With all types of exercise
      greater than 84% VO2max, lactate concentration ([LA]) in all three muscles rose
      to the same extent as arterial [LA], except at VO2max, where respiratory muscle
      [LA] rose to less than half that in arterial blood or plantaris. Exhaustive
      exercise in hypoxia caused marked hyperventilation and reduced arterial O2
      content; glycogen fell in plantaris (20% of control) and in diaphragm (58%) and
      intercostals (44%). We conclude that respiratory muscle glycogen stores are
      spared during exhaustive exercise in the face of substantial glycogen utilization
      in plantaris, even under conditions of extreme hyperventilation and reduced O2
      transport. This sparing effect is due primarily to G6P inhibition of glycogen
      phosphorylase in diaphragm muscle. The presence of elevated [LA] in the absence
      of glycogen utilization suggests that increased lactate uptake, rather than
      lactate production, occurred in the respiratory muscles during exhaustive
      exercise.

PMID- 3700307
TI  - Effects of hypoproteinemia on lung microvascular protein sieving and lung lymph
      flow.
AB  - Experiments were conducted on five chronically instrumented unanesthetized sheep
      to determine the effects of sustained hypoproteinemia on lung fluid balance.
      Plasma total protein concentration was decreased from a control value of 6.17 +/-
      0.019 to 3.97 +/- 0.17 g/dl (mean +/- SE) by acute plasmapheresis and maintained
      at this level by chronic thoracic lymph duct drainage. We measured pulmonary
      arterial pressure, left atrial pressure, aortic pressure, central venous
      pressure, cardiac output, oncotic pressures of both plasma and lung lymph, lung
      lymph flow rate, and lung lymph-to-plasma ratio of total proteins and six protein
      fractions for both control base-line conditions and hypoproteinemia base-line
      conditions. Moreover, we estimated the average osmotic reflection coefficient for
      total proteins and the solvent drag reflection coefficients for the six protein
      fractions during hypoproteinemia. Hypoproteinemia caused significant decreases in
      lung lymph total protein concentration, lung lymph-to-plasma total protein
      concentration ratio, and oncotic pressures of plasma and lung lymph. There were
      no significant alterations in the vascular pressures, lung lymph flow rate,
      cardiac output, or oncotic pressure gradient. The osmotic reflection coefficient
      for total proteins was found to be 0.900 +/- 0.004 for hypoproteinemia
      conditions, which is equal to that found in a previous investigation for sheep
      with a normal plasma protein concentration. Our results suggest that
      hypoproteinemia does not alter the lung filtration coefficient nor the reflection
      coefficients for plasma proteins. Possible explanations for the reported increase
      in the lung filtration coefficient during hypoproteinemia by other investigators
      are also made.

PMID- 3700308
TI  - Breathing pattern and metabolic behavior during anticipation of exercise.
AB  - The mechanisms responsible for the marked increase in ventilation at the onset of
      exercise are incompletely defined. A conditioned response to exercise
      anticipation has been suggested as an influencing factor, but systematic
      measurements have not been made during the transition from rest to the time when
      exercise is anticipated but has not yet commenced. We tested the hypothesis that
      cortical activity associated with the anticipation of exercise causes hyperpnea,
      which is at least partly responsible for the increased ventilation at the onset
      of exercise. To assess the influence of continuous cortical activity in the
      absence of exercise anticipation the subjects performed mental arithmetic tasks.
      Fifteen subjects performed the two experiments in a random order. Ventilation was
      measured noninvasively using a calibrated respiratory inductive plethysmograph
      and end-tidal CO2 concentration (FETCO2) was monitored at the nasal vestibule.
      Both exercise anticipation and mental arithmetic caused an increase in minute
      ventilation (VI) (P less than 0.01) and mean inspiratory flow (VT/TI, P less than
      0.01), which reflects respiratory center drive, although the derivation differed
      in that the former was volume based, whereas the latter was due to alteration in
      timing. Despite the increase in VI, FETCO2 remained constant in both instances.
      In a complementary study the constant FETCO2 in the face of increased VI was
      shown to be due to increased CO2 output. The results show that the mere
      anticipation of exercise causes an increase in ventilation. The mechanism
      responsible for this hyperpnea cannot be due solely to respiratory center
      activation because of the constancy of FETCO2 and the associated alterations in
      cardiac and metabolic behavior.

PMID- 3700309
TI  - Use of dantrolene plus multiple pulses to detect stress-susceptible porcine
      muscle.
AB  - Twitch characteristics of tibialis anterior muscles in situ were examined in
      stress-susceptible and normal swine. Three groups of pigs were studied: (1)
      purebred Pietrain stress-susceptible, (2) purebred Yorkshire normal, and (3) a
      crossbred (Pietrain-Yorkshire) litter containing both stress-susceptible and
      normal animals. Purebred and crossbred stress-susceptible pigs provided
      qualitatively similar results, as did purebred and crossbred normal pigs. Single
      stimuli produced greater than normal peak tensions and faster rates of tension
      development in stress-susceptible animals. Multiple stimuli (2-6 pulses at 5-ms
      intervals) increased peak tensions and rates of tension development, but did not
      augment differences between normal and stress-susceptible pigs. Intravenous
      administration of dantrolene reduced peak tensions and rates of tension
      development in all groups for single and multiple stimuli. However, the reduction
      was significantly less (P less than 0.01) for stress-susceptible pigs. Multiple
      stimuli (4-6 pulses) plus dantrolene amplified differences (P less than 0.01) in
      contractile properties between normal and stress-susceptible skeletal muscles,
      with stress-susceptible muscles obtaining larger peak tensions and faster rates
      of tension development. Normal and stress-susceptible pigs may, therefore, be
      distinguished by these procedures.

PMID- 3700310
TI  - Validation of tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance method to assess human body
      composition.
AB  - This study was conducted to validate the relationship between bioelectrical
      conductance (ht2/R) and densitometrically determined fat-free mass, and to
      compare the prediction errors of body fatness derived from the tetrapolar
      impedance method and skinfold thicknesses, relative to hydrodensitometry. One
      hundred and fourteen male and female subjects, aged 18-50 yr, with a wide range
      of fat-free mass (34-96 kg) and percent body fat (4-41%), participated. For
      males, densitometrically determined fat-free mass was correlated highly (r =
      0.979), with fat-free mass predicted from tetrapolar conductance measures using
      an equation developed for males in a previous study. For females, the correlation
      between measured fat-free mass and values predicted from the combined (previous
      and present male data) equation for men also was strong (r = 0.954). The
      regression coefficients in the male and female regression equations were not
      significantly different. Relative to hydrodensitometry, the impedance method had
      a lower predictive error or standard error of the estimates of estimating body
      fatness than did a standard anthropometric technique (2.7 vs. 3.9%). Therefore
      this study establishes the validity and reliability of the tetrapolar impedance
      method for use in assessment of body composition in healthy humans.

PMID- 3700311
TI  - Lung fluid balance during acute renal failure in sheep.
AB  - To determine whether uremia changes lung vascular permeability, we measured the
      flow of lymph and proteins from the lungs of acutely uremic sheep. Acute renal
      failure was induced by either bilateral nephrectomy or by reinfusing urine. Both
      models of renal failure increased the plasma creatinine from 0.8 +/- 0.3 to 11 +/
      1 mg/dl in 3 days but caused no significant change in the flow of lymph from the
      lungs. To determine whether uremia increased the protein clearance response to
      elevated pulmonary microvascular pressures, we inflated a balloon in the left
      atrium for 2 h before and 3 days after inducing acute renal failure. In seven
      sheep, before removing the kidneys, the 20 cmH2O elevation of left atrial
      pressure increased the protein clearance 3.9 +/- 3.0 ml/h (from 9.5 +/- 4.9 to
      13.4 +/- 5.4 ml/h). Three days after the bilateral nephrectomy the same increase
      in left atrial pressure increased the protein clearance 6.4 +/- 3.6 ml/h (from
      6.1 +/- 2.1 to 12.5 +/- 5.2 ml/h), which was a significantly larger increase than
      that measured before the nephrectomy (P less than 0.05). Sham nephrectomy in
      seven sheep caused the protein clearance response to the elevated left atrial
      pressure to fall from 4.7 +/- 1.9 ml/h before the sham nephrectomy to 2.6 +/- 1.4
      ml/h 3 days later (P less than 0.05). Uremia due to reinfusion of urine in five
      sheep did not affect the protein clearance response to elevations in left atrial
      pressure. Neither model of acute uremia increased the postmortem extravascular
      lung water volume.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3700312
TI  - Surface forces in lungs. II. Microstructural mechanics and lung stability.
AB  - Recent lung microstructural models describing interactions between alveolar
      surface tension (gamma) and forces in structural elements of the alveolar duct
      predict that the component of lung recoil pressure due to gamma (P gamma) is
      proportional to gamma/V1/3, where V is the total lung volume. This relation is
      tested against experimental data obtained from pressure-volume measurements of
      excised rabbit lungs with different constant values of gamma. It is found that
      for values of gamma less than approximately 18 dyn/cm the data generally agree
      with the model predictions. With higher values of gamma, a mismatch between the
      data and predictions first occurs at low and high volumes and then spreads over
      the entire volume range. The mismatch at the lower volumes coincides with the
      appearance of nonuniformities of lung expansion. The nonuniformities are
      characterized by a coexistence of under- and overexpanded regions of the
      parenchyma referred to as a mixture of phases. These nonuniformities, as well as
      a pressure-volume curve with a shape similar to the shape of measured curves, are
      predicted from an analysis of lung stability. Results of this work indicate that
      if the lung expands uniformly, P gamma proportional to gamma/V1/3 is a good
      approximation over a wide range of volumes. The stability analysis indicates that
      the equilibrium configurations of the lung parenchyma when gamma is independent
      of interfacial area and elevated above normal values are nonuniform states of
      expansion, characterizable as a mixture of phases. This result confirms that a
      dependence of gamma on surface area is normally required to achieve stable,
      uniform states of lung expansion.

PMID- 3700313
TI  - Surface forces in lungs. III. Alveolar surface tension and elastic properties of
      lung parenchyma.
AB  - The bulk modulus and the shear modulus describe the capacity of material to
      resist a change in volume and a change of shape, respectively. The values of
      these elastic coefficients for air-filled lung parenchyma suggest that there is a
      qualitative difference between the mechanisms by which the parenchyma resists
      expansion and shear deformation; the bulk modulus changes roughly exponentially
      with the transpulmonary pressure, whereas the shear modulus is nearly a constant
      fraction of the transpulmonary pressure for a wide range of volumes. The bulk
      modulus is approximately 6.5 times as large as the shear modulus. In recent
      microstructural modeling of lung parenchyma, these mechanisms have been pictured
      as being similar to the mechanisms by which an open cell liquid foam resists
      deformations. In this paper, we report values for the bulk moduli and the shear
      moduli of normal air-filled rabbit lungs and of air-filled lungs in which
      alveolar surface tension is maintained constant at 16 dyn/cm. Elevating surface
      tension above normal physiological values causes the bulk modulus to decrease and
      the shear modulus to increase. Furthermore, the bulk modulus is found to be
      sensitive to a dependence of surface tension on surface area, but the shear
      modulus is not. These results agree qualitatively with the predictions of the
      model, but there are quantitative differences between the data and the model.

PMID- 3700314
TI  - Inhibition of inspiratory upper airway motoneuron activity by phasic volume
      feedback.
AB  - The effects of phasic volume feedback on efferent hypoglossal, recurrent
      laryngeal and phrenic nerve activity were studied in decerebrate, paralyzed
      intubated cats ventilated with a phrenic-driven servo-respirator. The gain of the
      respirator was altered for single inspirations, and the resulting changes in
      neural activities were quantified by comparison with respective neural activities
      without phasic volume feedback. The volume thresholds for suppression of
      hypoglossal and recurrent laryngeal activities were time independent. Above these
      two thresholds and extending over a substantial range, volume feedback caused
      graded inhibition of upper airway motoneuron outputs. At any particular time
      during inspiration the relationships between hypoglossal or recurrent laryngeal
      inhibition and volume were concave to the volume axis. Rate of airflow appeared
      to exert an effect on upper airway motoneuron activity independent of volume.
      These results indicate that for hypoglossal and recurrent laryngeal efferent
      activity 1) volume feedback can cause a sustained graded inhibition throughout
      inspiration; 2) the volume thresholds are time independent; and 3) partial
      inhibition decreases susceptibility to additional inhibition. These actions of
      volume feedback on upper airway motoneuron output differ from those on phrenic
      efferent discharge and show that phasic vagal volume feedback has a marked and
      differential effect on upper airway motoneuron activity. The vagus, in this
      preparation, appears to play a critical role in the regulation of upper airway
      motoneuron activity and therefore maintenance of upper airway patency.

PMID- 3700315
TI  - Effects of methylprednisolone on lung oxygen toxicity in awake sheep.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of high doses of
      corticosteroids on the response to breathing 100% O2 in sheep. Sheep were
      prepared for chronic measurement of vascular pressures, cardiac output, gas
      exchange, and for collection of lung lymph. Tracheostomies were made for accurate
      delivery of gas mixtures. Eight sheep received methylprednisolone 30 mg/kg body
      wt every 6 h for eight doses, four for the first 48 h, and four for the final 24
      48 h of 100% O2 breathing. Eight control sheep breathed 100% O2 without
      methylprednisolone, four sheep breathed compressed air without
      methylprednisolone, and two breathed compressed air and received
      methylprednisolone. Sheep had daily measurements of hypoxic vasoconstriction
      (fractional concentration of O2 in inspired gas = 0.12), gas exchange, lymph
      flow, and lymph and plasma protein concentration. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte
      (granulocyte) function in experimental and control sheep was assessed ex vivo by
      tests of chemotaxis, aggregation, and superoxide production. The number of
      granulocytes in peripheral lung was measured in biopsy tissue taken at the time
      of original surgery and postmortem. Methylprednisolone did not affect the time
      course nor magnitude of gas exchange abnormality, lymph flow and composition,
      loss of hypoxic vasoconstriction, lung granulocyte accumulation, nor postmortem
      lung water caused by 100% O2 breathing. Sheep receiving methylprednisolone had a
      shorter survival by several h, independent of the timing of the drug.
      Granulocytes from methylprednisolone-treated sheep showed normal function ex vivo
      by all three assays. We conclude that high doses of methylprednisolone
      unfavorably affect the rate and progression of lung injury in sheep breathing
      100% O2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3700316
TI  - Maternal hypoxic ventilatory response, ventilation, and infant birth weight at
      4,300 m.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that increased hypoxic ventilatory responsiveness (HVR)
      raised maternal ventilation and arterial oxygenation during high-altitude
      pregnancy and related to the birth weight of the offspring, we studied 21
      residents of Cerro de Pasco, Peru (4,300 m), while eight of them were 36 +/- 0 wk
      pregnant and 15 of them 13 +/- 0 wk postpartum. HVR was low in the nonpregnant
      women (mean +/- SE shape parameter A = 23 +/- 8) but increased nearly fourfold
      with pregnancy (A = 87 +/- 17). The increase in HVR appeared to account for the
      25% rise in resting ventilation with pregnancy (delta VE observed = 2.4 +/- 0.7
      l/min BTPS vs. delta VE predicted from delta HVR = 2.6 +/- 1.7 l/min BTPS, P =
      NS). Hyperoxia decreased ventilation in the pregnant women (P less than 0.01) to
      levels similar to those measured when nonpregnant. The increased ventilation of
      pregnancy raised arterial O2 saturation (SaO2) from 83 +/- 1 to 87 +/- 0%, and
      SaO2 was correlated positively with HVR in the pregnant women. The rise in SaO2
      compensated for a 0.9 g/100 ml decrease in hemoglobin concentration to preserve
      arterial O2 content at levels present when nonpregnant. Cardiac output in the
      36th wk of pregnancy did not differ significantly from values measured
      postpartum. The increase in HVR correlated positively with infant birth weight.
      An increase in HVR may be an important contributor to increased maternal
      ventilation with pregnancy and infant birth weight at high altitude.

PMID- 3700317
TI  - Glucocorticoid cytosol binding in exercise-induced sparing of muscle atrophy.
AB  - Female rats were initially divided into a sedentary or an exercise group that was
      trained by treadmill running to a final work rate of 31 m/min, 100 min/day, for
      13-18 wk. During the last 12 days of training each of these groups were further
      subdivided into groups that received daily subcutaneous injections of cortisol
      acetate (CA) (100 mg/kg body wt) or the vehicle (1% carboxymethyl cellulose).
      Exercise prevented approximately 40% of the gastrocnemius muscle weight loss due
      to CA treatment. Training did not influence glucocorticoid cytosol-receptor
      binding concentrations, using [3H]triamcinolone acetonide (TA) as the labeled
      glucocorticoid in any of the skeletal muscle types investigated. TA-receptor
      binding capacities were depleted by the multiple injections but were higher in
      the red fiber types of the CA-treated trained than those in the CA-treated
      sedentary animals. In a second series of experiments in which receptor depletion
      and repletion rates were studied using a single injection of cortisol, TA binding
      capacities 2 h after the cortisol injection were higher in slow-twitch red soleus
      muscles of trained as compared with sedentary rats (36.4 +/- 2.0 vs. 26.8 +/- 2.5
      fmol/mg protein). Similar patterns of TA binding were also observed at 2 h
      between trained and sedentary animals in the fast-twitch red muscle types,
      whereas no training related differences were observed in white muscle types.
      Total and free serum cortisol concentrations also returned to base-line values
      faster in the trained animals following the single injection protocol.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3700318
TI  - Human diaphragmatic EMG: changes with lung volume and posture during supramaximal
      phrenic stimulation.
AB  - If esophageal and chest wall recordings of diaphragmatic electromyographic
      activity (EMG) accurately reflect neural drive to this muscle, then compound
      muscle action potentials (CMAPs) produced by supramaximal stimulation of the
      phrenic nerve should not alter with changes in diaphragmatic position. Maximal
      CMAPs were therefore recorded 1) during changes in lung volume from near residual
      volume to near total lung capacity, 2) during isovolume maneuvers at different
      lung volumes, and 3) while subjects were lying, sitting, and standing. The areas
      of maximal CMAPs recorded with the gastroesophageal catheter increased 5.1 +/-
      3.6 times (mean +/- SD) between these volumes, increased 2.4 +/- 1.3 times as the
      diaphragm descended during an isovolume maneuver (at functional residual
      capacity), and increased 4.4 +/- 2.4 times between the lying and standing
      positions. Because the stimuli were supramaximal, these changes in EMG reflect
      changes in the relationship between the esophageal electrodes and the
      diaphragmatic muscle fibers. Artifactual changes were also documented for surface
      electrodes on the chest wall. Because of these positional changes in maximal
      CMAPs, previous studies, which used integrated diaphragmatic EMG to document
      "reflex" changes in neural drive, should be reevaluated.

PMID- 3700319
TI  - Hysteresis of the alveolar capillary membrane in normal subjects.
AB  - Weibel and associates (Respir. Physiol. 18: 285-308, 1973), using morphometric
      techniques, demonstrated in the rat that changes in lung volume related to
      inflation and deflation caused a hysteretic variation in alveolar capillary
      membrane which is locally pleated at low pulmonary volume, unfolds during
      inflation but does not immediately refold during deflation, possibly enhancing
      the CO diffusion throughout the membrane. The present study was conducted to
      verify the existence of this hysteresis in human lungs in vivo. Single-breath
      diffusing capacity for CO (DLCO) was measured in five healthy seated subjects
      before and 0, 0.5, 1, 3, and 7 min after an inflation-deflation maneuver (IDM) in
      6 separate days. The value of mean DLCO was 36.4 +/- 3 (SD) before and 42.1 +/-
      2.9, 41.6 +/- 3.3, 40.3 +/- 3.3, 39.2 +/- 3.2, and 38.1 +/- 2.7 ml X min-1 X Torr
      1 after the IDM. Two mechanisms can explain our findings: an active filling of
      the capillary bed, or an unfolding of the alveolar capillary membrane. The first
      mechanism should be accompanied by changes in pulmonary circulation. Therefore,
      right-heart catheterization was performed in two normal subjects and in four
      patients examined for a chest pain syndrome. At the end of the IDM, the values
      for the pulmonary artery pressure and capillary wedge pressure had returned to
      control levels. This suggests that the capillary bed is not directly involved in
      the DLCO increase observed from 0.5 to 7 min after the IDM. The unfolding of the
      alveolar capillary membrane appears to better explain our findings.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3700320
TI  - Effects of pressure on uptake and release of calcium by brain synaptosomes.
AB  - Uptake of radioactive calcium from guinea pig brain fractions enriched in
      synaptosomes could be significantly and reproducibly decreased by exposure to
      high pressure. Calcium efflux from preloaded synaptosomes was unaffected by
      pressure exposure. It was hypothesized that the development of pressure-induced
      encephalopathy may be related to an effect of pressure on the central nervous
      system calcium transport system.

PMID- 3700321
TI  - Phosphate compounds as iron chelators in animal cell cultures.
AB  - We have studied the capacity of a number of phosphate compounds to act in the
      double role as a phosphate source and a detoxifier of ferric chloride hydroxo
      compounds, i.e. as Fe(III) chelators. The tested compounds were: orthophosphate,
      trimetaphosphate, alpha-glycerophosphate, beta-glycerophosphate, phytic acid, and
      phosphorylcholine; the test organism the ciliate protozoon Tetrahymena
      thermophila, an animal cell; and the nutrient medium was synthetic, consisting
      solely of low-molecular-weight compounds. We assessed growth rates of cells in
      two experimental series. First, phosphate-starved cells were exposed to the
      tested phosphate compound as the only phosphate source and the ferric chloride
      concentrations were varied stepwise from 0 to 1000 microM. Second, we offered the
      cells orthophosphate as a phosphate source and selected phosphate compounds as
      chelators. The cell growth results allow the following conclusions:
      orthophosphate, trimetaphosphate, alpha-glycerophosphate, and beta
      glycerophosphate are excellent phosphate sources; trimetaphosphate, alpha
      glycerophosphate, beta-glycerophosphate, and phytic acid are excellent Fe(III)
      chelators; of the tested compounds trimetaphosphate, alpha-glycerophosphate, and
      beta-glycerophosphate are excellent in the double role as a phosphate source and
      a ferric chloride hydroxo detoxifier, i.e. as a Fe(III) chelator.

PMID- 3700322
TI  - Reaggregation of fetal rat brain cells in a stationary culture system. II:
      Ultrastructural characterization.
AB  - Ultrastructural characteristics of fetal rat brain cell aggregates in a three
      dimensional stationary culture system are described. Transmission electron
      microscopy showed immature cells which developed into mature astrocytes,
      oligodendrocytes, and neurons during 20 d in culture. This was accompanied by the
      development of a neuropil where myelinated axons and synaptic complexes were
      observed. In addition to confirming earlier ultrastructural investigations on
      fetal rat brain cell aggregates, the stationary culture system also showed the
      presence of histiotypic regions within the aggregates. These regions consisted of
      ependymal cells where cilia were observed on the cell surfaces. Structures
      resembling subependymal basement membrane labyrinths were also observed.
      Macrophages seemed to be more numerous in the stationary cultures as compared to
      other culture systems. The stationary culture system may provide aggregates that
      are ultrastructurally more complex than those obtained by rotation mediated
      systems.

PMID- 3700323
TI  - Effect of temperature and cell density on cellular protein content in temperature
      sensitive mutants of rat 3Y1 diploid fibroblasts.
AB  - We examined cellular protein content in four temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants
      of rat 3Y1 fibroblasts (3Y1tsD123, 3Y1tsF121, 3Y1tsG125, and 3Y1tsH203) under
      various conditions of culture that affect cell proliferation. When proliferation
      of the ts mutants was inhibited at a nonpermissive temperature (39.8 degrees C)
      in the G1 phase, prominent accumulation of cellular protein occurred in three
      mutants (3Y1tsF121, 3Y1tsG125, and 3Y1tsH203) but not in 3Y1tsD123. The over
      accumulation of protein at 39.8 degrees C in the former three mutants was
      inhibited at high cell densities. At low cell densities there was an upper limit
      in the protein accumulation at 39.8 degrees C. When the three mutants,
      proliferation-arrested at high cell densities at 33.8 degrees C, were replated
      sparsely in fresh medium and shifted to 39.8 degrees C, proliferation was
      completely inhibited, whereas over-accumulation of protein occurred. These
      results indicating dissociation of protein accumulation and cell proliferation
      suggest that the two events are regulated by different mechanisms.

PMID- 3700324
TI  - Cation dependence of guinea pig epidermal cell spreading.
AB  - To understand the earliest phases of epidermal cell spreading we have sought a
      defined in vitro system. We studied the divalent cation dependence of guinea pig
      epidermal cell spreading in media containing varying concentrations of cations.
      No spreading occurred in calcium-magnesium-free Dulbecco's modified Eagle's
      medium (CMF-DME) in the presence of cation-free fetal bovine serum; however,
      significant spreading occurred if the medium was supplemented with Mg++ plus Ca++
      or Mg++ alone. Supplementing with Ca++ alone led to much less spreading. These
      cations in CMF-DME did not support spreading in the absence of serum or the
      presence of serum albumin. Assaying cell spreading in a simple salt solution
      consisting of NaCl, KCl, Tris buffer, pH 7.4 plus dialyzed serum and a series of
      divalent cation supplements (Ca++, Mg++, Mn++, Co++, Zn++, Ni++), showed that
      only Mg++ and Mn++, and to a lesser extent, Ca++, supported cell spreading. In
      contrast to Mg++, however, Mn++ could support spreading in the absence of whole
      serum if serum albumin were present. Although Mn++ plus serum albumin supported
      more rapid spreading at lower cation concentrations than Mg++ plus serum, equal
      concentrations of Ca++ completely blocked the Mn++ effect. In contrast to the
      increasing cell spreading, which occurred in Mg++-containing medium with time,
      cell death occurred in Mn++-containing medium by 24 h. Consonant with studies
      from other laboratories, human foreskin fibroblasts spread in Mn++-containing
      salt solution in the absence of protein supplements. These experiments indicate
      for epidermal cell spreading that Mg++ is the important cation in tissue culture
      media, that under proper cation conditions epidermal cells do not need a specific
      spreading protein (i.e. a protein that has been demonstrated to support cell
      spreading), that Mn++ and Mg++-induced spreading seem to represent different
      mechanisms, that fibroblastic and epidermal cells have different cation
      requirements for in vitro spreading, and that the crucial role cations play in
      cell spreading remains to be elucidated.

PMID- 3700325
TI  - Improved methods for the analysis of trace constituents in natural products.

PMID- 3700326
TI  - Simplified automated procedure for measurement of certain catecholamine drugs
      delivered from aerosol inhalation units.
AB  - An automated colorimetric method is described for the measurement of certain
      catecholamine drugs, such as isoproterenol and epinephrine, in sample solutions
      derived from 2 metered doses delivered from the mouthpiece of aerosol inhalation
      units. The procedure, applicable to the expressed product, involves oxidizing the
      catecholamine with potassium ferricyanide at pH 6 to produce an aminochrome. This
      method is similar to the well known trihydroxyindole reaction procedure but
      differs in that the formed aminochrome is measured spectrophotometrically at 495
      nm instead of being further derivatized by alkaline rearrangement to the
      trihydroxyindole species followed by either spectrophotometric or fluorometric
      measurement.

PMID- 3700327
TI  - Simple colorimetric method for determination of terbutaline sulfate from
      pharmaceutical preparations.
AB  - A simple colorimetric method is described for the determination of terbutaline
      sulfate. The method is based on measurement of a colored species formed when
      terbutaline sulfate is treated with diazotized dapsone and p-nitroaniline at room
      temperature. Compounds such as starch, talc, and common excipients do not
      interfere in the reaction. Statistical validation showed that the method was
      highly precise and accurate. The results agree well with those obtained by other
      methods reported in the literature.

PMID- 3700328
TI  - Indirect spectrophotometric method for determining epicillin.
AB  - A new UV spectrophotometric assay for determination of epicillin in capsules and
      plasma is reported. The method is based on the absorptivity of a degradation
      product obtained from the acidic hydrolysis of the antibiotic. The isolation,
      identification, individual capsule assays, composite assay, and recovery studies
      are described. Also, the proposed method is compared with a dc polarographic
      assay in plasma.

PMID- 3700329
TI  - Rapid and simple determination of oxyphenbutazone in dosage forms by
      biamperometric titration.
AB  - Oxyphenbutazone was determined in the presence of glacial acetic acid,
      hydrochloric acid, and potassium bromide by bromometric titration with
      biamperometric end point indication. The course of the titration was followed
      with double platinum electrode with 100 mV of polarizing voltage.

PMID- 3700331
TI  - Determination of nitrate in forages by using selective ion electrode:
      collaborative study.
AB  - Each of 10 collaborating laboratories analyzed 4 blind duplicate pairs of forage
      samples for nitrate, by using a potentiometric method. Two forage controls and a
      100 000 mg KNO3/L standard were also provided. Nitrate was extracted into an
      aqueous Al2(SO4)3 solution containing 70 mg KNO3/L and quantitated with a nitrate
      selective electrode. Standards were prepared using extracting solution as
      diluent. Nitrate concentrations in forage samples ranged from less than 0.50 to
      4.35% KNO3. Repeatability coefficients of variation (CVo) ranged from 1.74 to
      3.61%, and reproducibility coefficients of variation (CVx) ranged from 6.92 to
      7.66%. Mean recovery of a 0.55% KNO3 spike was 94.5%. The method has been adopted
      official first action.

PMID- 3700330
TI  - Polarographic determination of antihistamines by complexation with Cd(II).
AB  - the polarographic behavior of the complexes formed by Cd(II) ion with
      ethanolamine derivative antihistamines such as diphenhydramine hydrochloride,
      dimenhydrinate, and chlorphenoxamine hydrochloride was studied. Antihistamines
      form spontaneous complexes with Cd(II) ion in the presence of KNO3. In addition,
      pH 8.00 borate buffer was added to increase the differential pulse polarogram
      peak height, and tetraalkyl ammonium salts were added to increase the linear
      range. The method of determination developed has been applied to commercial
      tablet, capsule, elixir, and injection forms of ethanolamine derivative drugs and
      has been compared with official methods.

PMID- 3700332
TI  - Identification of O,O-dialkyl-S-methylphosphorodithioate residues in fish.
AB  - O,O-Dialkyl-S-methylphosphorodithioates were found in Mississippi River buffalo
      fish caught near several chemical plants and oil refineries in Hartford and Wood
      River, IL. These chemicals, which have not been previously recognized as
      environmental or food contaminants, were identified and quantitated by a
      procedure similar to the AOAC multiresidue method for organochlorine and
      organophosphorus pesticides, using gas chromatography (GC) with flame photometric
      detection (FPD). The key to their identification was a GC/FPD retention time
      pattern that was virtually the same as that for the diazomethane reaction
      products of a commercial zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate motor oil additive. GC/mass
      spectrometry (MS) showed that the compound producing the largest GC/FPD peak
      contained butoxy groups. The identification of this compound as O,O-di(2
      methylpropyl)-S-methyl-phosphorodithioate (Compound C) was confirmed by GC/MS
      analysis by comparison with the authentic material. The buffalo fish contained
      0.15 ppm Compound C and 0.5 ppm total O,O-dialkyl-S-methylphosphorodithioates.
      Subsequent analyses of fish from other areas showed that these contaminants were
      not limited to the Hartford-Wood River area. Lower residue levels of Compound C,
      ranging from 0.01 to 0.05 ppm, were found in fish from the Mississippi River at
      Sauget, IL, and from the Delaware River and Newark Bay in NJ.

PMID- 3700333
TI  - Liquid chromatographic determination of basic nitrogen-containing polynuclear
      aromatic hydrocarbons in smoked foods.
AB  - Several smoked foods were analyzed for basic nitrogen-containing polynuclear
      aromatic hydrocarbon (NPAH) content by a relatively rapid liquid chromatographic
      (LC) technique. The analyzed products included both domestic and imported market
      basket commodities. Nanogram quantities of NPAH standards were detected by UV and
      fluorescence detectors connected in series. The NPAHs were extracted from basic
      aqueous ethanolic solution into cyclohexane, extracted from cyclohexane into 6N
      HCl, and extracted back into cyclohexane after neutralization of the acid. The
      NPAHs were then purified by filtering the extract through deactivated basic
      alumina. The eluate from this step was concentrated to dryness, and the residue
      was dissolved in 95% ethanol and analyzed by LC, using a Vydac C-18 column and
      acetonitrile-water (9 + 1) as the mobile phase. Recoveries of 3 NPAHs, 5,7
      dimethylbenz(a)acridine, dibenz(a,j)acridine, and dibenz(a,h)acridine, each added
      to salmon and sausage at the 5 ppb level, ranged from 62 to 101% by fluorescence
      measurement and from 64 to 106% by UV measurement. None of the NPAHs used as
      standards were found by either fluorescence or UV detection at levels greater
      than or equal to 5 ppb in any of the foods analyzed.

PMID- 3700334
TI  - Kinetics of gram-negative bacterial cell elongation as measured by using the
      large rod "Lineola longa".
AB  - Photomicrographic data were collected to measure the kinetics of elongation of
      "Lineola longa," a large gram-negative rod ranging from 5 to 10 microns long,
      during the exponential phase of growth. Its large size makes this organism
      especially well suited for light microscopic observations. Because this organism
      is aerobic, it was necessary to ensure a saturating supply of oxygen during
      growth. Oxygen was supplied by using Chlorella species, in a Wheaton microculture
      slide, as an oxygen donor separated from the bacteria by a thin layer of agar. In
      another set of experiments, water-saturated air replaced Chlorella species, with
      similar results. Statistical analysis of the data showed that "L. longa"
      elongates in an exponential manner. Minicell-like structures, small spherical
      cells lacking DNA, were occasionally seen to be produced by aberrant septation.
      These minicells were seen most often at the end of the exponential-growth phase.
      A model of cell growth is proposed to account for these observations.

PMID- 3700335
TI  - Molybdopterin cofactor from Methanobacterium formicicum formate dehydrogenase.
AB  - The molybdopterin cofactor from the formate dehydrogenase of Methanobacterium
      formicicum was studied. The cofactor was released by guanidine denaturation of
      homogeneous enzyme, which also released greater than 80% of the molybdenum
      present in the enzyme. The anoxically isolated cofactor was nonfluorescent, but
      after exposure to air it fluoresced with spectra similar to those of described
      molybdopterin cofactors. Aerobic release from acid-denatured formate
      dehydrogenase in the presence of I2 and potassium iodide produced a mixture of
      fluorescent products. Alkaline permanganate oxidation of the mixture yielded
      pterin-6-carboxylic acid as the only detectable fluorescent product. The results
      showed that the cofactor from formate dehydrogenase contained a pterin nucleus
      with a 6-alkyl side chain of unknown structure. Covalently bound phosphate was
      also present. The isolated cofactor was unable to complement the cofactor
      deficient nitrate reductase of the Neurospora crassa nit-1 mutant.

PMID- 3700336
TI  - Isolation and reconstitution of iron- and manganese-containing superoxide
      dismutases from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron.
AB  - Superoxide dismutase (SOD) from extracts of anaerobically maintained Bacteroides
      thetaiotaomicron was a dimer of equally sized 23,000-molecular-weight monomers
      joined noncovalently. A preparation with a specific activity of 1,200 U/mg
      contained 1.1 g-atom of Fe, 0.6 g-atom of Zn, and less than 0.05 g-atom of Mn per
      mol of dimer. The apoprotein, prepared by dialysis of iron-SOD in 5 M guanidinium
      chloride-20 mM 8-hydroxyquinoline, had no superoxide-scavenging activity when
      renatured without exogenous metal. Enzymatic activity was restored to the
      denatured apoprotein by dialysis against either 1 mM Fe(NH4)2 or 1 mM MnCl2 in 20
      mM Tris (pH 7.0). The Fe-reconstituted enzyme and the native enzyme were
      inhibited approximately 50% by 0.2 mM NaN3, whereas the Mn-reconstituted enzyme
      was inhibited 60% by 10 mM NaN3. Aeration of the anaerobic cells resulted in a
      fourfold induction of an azide-resistant SOD. The enzyme (43,000 molecular
      weight) isolated from aerated cells was a dimer of equally sized subunits. The
      metal content was 1.0 g-atom of Mn, 0.55 g-atom of Fe, and 0.3 g-atom of Zn per
      mol of dimer. Enzymatic activity of the denatured apoprotein from this enzyme was
      also restored on addition of either iron or manganese. The constitutive Fe-SOD
      and the O2-induced Mn-SOD, tested alone and in combination, migrated identically
      on acrylamide gels, had similar amino acid compositions, and had alanine as the
      sole N-terminal amino acid. These data are consistent with the synthesis of a
      single apoprotein in either anaerobically maintained or oxygenated cells. We have
      observed a similar phenomenon with SOD from Bacteroides fragilis (E. M. Gregory,
      Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 238:83-89, 1985).

PMID- 3700337
TI  - Mevalonic acid is partially synthesized from amino acids in Halobacterium
      cutirubrum: a 13C nuclear magnetic resonance study.
AB  - 13C nuclear magnetic resonance revealed an unusual pathway for the biosynthesis
      of lipids in Halobacterium cutirubrum and H. halobium. Mevalonic acid was not
      synthesized from three acetyl-coenzyme A molecules, as has been suggested
      previously, and the branch-methyl and methine carbons in phytanyl chains were
      derived from neither acetate nor glycerol. Instead, they were supplied by the
      degradation of amino acids, in particular of lysine. Presumably, two different
      types of two-carbon fragments were used simultaneously by halobacteria for the
      biosynthesis of mevalonate. The labeling pattern of squalene supported the above
      conclusions. Based on these data, a general scheme is proposed to account for the
      contribution of lysine-to-lipid biosynthesis.

PMID- 3700338
TI  - Properties and electron transfer specificity of copper proteins from the
      denitrifier "Achromobacter cycloclastes".
AB  - A blue copper protein (Mr 12,000) was purified from cells of "Achromobacter
      cycloclastes" grown as a denitrifier. When reduced, the blue copper protein
      transferred electrons to the copper protein nitrite reductase purified from the
      same cells, whereas a variety of cytochromes from denitrifiers failed to do so.
      Inclusion of a protease inhibitor, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, in the buffers
      employed during preparation yielded purified blue copper protein with 18 more
      amino acid residues and two times more specific enzyme activity than other
      researchers have found.

PMID- 3700339
TI  - Isolation of a surface glycoprotein from Myxococcus xanthus.
AB  - The isolation of a glycoprotein from vegetative cells of Myxococcus xanthus is
      reported. The protein, abbreviated VGP, was first identified during a survey of
      surface proteins as a major protein that could be radioiodinated in vegetative,
      but not developing, cells (P.Y. Maeba, J. Bacteriol. 155:1033-1041, 1983). The
      protein was extracted from membranes with Triton X-100 and subsequently purified
      by DEAE-cellulose chromatography, chromatofocusing, and gel filtration. The
      protein has an Mr of approximately 74,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and an isoelectric point of 3.2 to 3.3. The
      carbohydrate moiety which made up approximately 13.5% of the weight of the VGP
      comprised primarily neutral sugars and smaller amounts of hexosamines and uronic
      acids. The amino acid content revealed no unusual features, but analysis by the
      method of Barrantes (F. Barrantes, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 62:407-414,
      1975) indicated it is likely a peripheral membrane protein. The protein makes up
      approximately 1% of the total cell protein and is a prominent surface structure.
      Because glycoproteins have been implicated in cellular interactions in a number
      of systems, the VGP may play an important role in the social behavior exhibited
      by M. xanthus.

PMID- 3700340
TI  - Entrainment and temperature dependence of the response oscillator in
      Halobacterium halobium.
AB  - Halobacterium halobium spontaneously reverses its swimming direction with a
      frequency of about 0.1 s-1. The self-sustained periodicity can be entrained by
      rhythmic light stimuli within a limited range between 0.13 and 0.3 s-1. Increase
      of temperature increases the reversal frequency and shortens the time to reach
      maximal responsiveness to attractant stimuli during a cycle. Also, the period of
      absolute refractoriness to repellent stimuli is shortened. The results illustrate
      characteristic properties of biological oscillators.

PMID- 3700341
TI  - Treatment of panic disorder and agoraphobia with clonazepam.
AB  - Clonazepam, a high-potency benzodiazepine marketed for the treatment of minor
      motor epilepsy, was used to treat 50 patients with panic disorder (N = 22) or
      agoraphobia with panic attacks (N = 28). Of the 50 patients, 41 had previously
      been poorly responsive to standard pharmacologic therapies. At a mean dose of
      only 1.9 (+/- 1.0) mg/day, 39 patients (78%) responded. No serious adverse
      effects were encountered. This study, although retrospective and uncontrolled,
      suggests that clonazepam, like alprazolam, may be effective in blocking panic
      attacks. A possible common mechanism for the two drugs as high-potency
      benzodiazepines is discussed.

PMID- 3700342
TI  - Relapse in chronic schizophrenics treated with fluphenazine decanoate is
      associated with low serum neuroleptic levels.
AB  - Seventy-three chronic schizophrenic outpatients were studied for 1 year to
      determine if neuroleptic drug levels could be useful in preventing relapse. All
      patients received fluphenazine decanoate i.m., and serum level of neuroleptic was
      determined by radioreceptorassay. Clinical improvement was measured using the
      Global Assessment Scale. Results indicate that serum neuroleptic drug levels may
      be useful in the outpatient management of chronic schizophrenics.

PMID- 3700344
TI  - A comparison of the effects of trazodone and amitriptyline on skills performance
      by geriatric subjects.
AB  - Fifteen healthy adults, aged 60 years and older, participated in a double-blind,
      crossover study of trazodone in comparison with amitriptyline and placebo. A
      battery of laboratory tests was used to measure drug effects on information
      processing, attention, and visual-motor skills. Amitriptyline 50 mg impaired
      vigilance and tracking performance and increased drowsiness. Trazodone 100 mg
      impaired only the most difficult tracking task. This study demonstrates that
      cognition and performance are less adversely affected in geriatric subjects by
      trazodone than by amitriptyline beginning 90 minutes after a single-dosage trial.

PMID- 3700343
TI  - Combination therapy with lecithin and ergoloid mesylates for Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - A 10-week placebo-controlled double-blind crossover protocol of combination
      therapy with lecithin and ergoloid mesylates was conducted in seven patients with
      presenile and senile dementia, Alzheimer's type. The patients' abilities to
      detect spatial arrangements, to recognize faces, and to identify new words on the
      Delayed Recognition Span Test were not significantly improved. Dementia Rating
      Scale scores before treatment were not significantly different from those after
      treatment.

PMID- 3700345
TI  - Electroconvulsive therapy for poststroke depression.
AB  - Of the 193 patients with stroke and depression treated at Massachusetts General
      Hospital from 1969 to 1981, 14 had electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for poststroke
      depression. Among these 14 patients, depression developed less than 1 year after
      stroke in 9 and more than 1 year after stroke in 5. Except for 2 of the patients
      in whom depression developed within a year, all had marked improvement in
      depression after ECT. A transitory cardiac arrhythmia developed in 1 patient, but
      none of the patients had an exacerbation of stroke or a worsening of neurologic
      status. These findings indicate that ECT is safe and effective for poststroke
      depression.

PMID- 3700346
TI  - Assessment of DSM-III personality disorders: the importance of interviewing an
      informant.
AB  - The Structured Interview for DSM-III Personality Disorders was used to interview
      82 patients. In addition, a close relative or friend of the patient was
      interviewed regarding each patient's normal personality. After the informant
      interview, the diagnosis of the presence or absence of any personality disorder
      was changed in almost 20% of the sample. In general, the information given by the
      informants revealed additional pathology in the patients and was less frequently
      used to retract a diagnosis. Despite conflicting information from the patients
      and informants, the reliability of personality disorder assessment remained high.

PMID- 3700347
TI  - Psychopathology in paraneoplastic encephalopathy: an electroclinical observation.
AB  - The psychopathologic, electroclinical, and pathologic signs in a patient
      suffering from paraneoplastic encephalomyelopathy are discussed. The occurrence
      of the syndrome is stressed since this topic is scarcely mentioned in the
      psychiatric literature. If mental disturbances are particularly prominent, as is
      often the case in limbic involvement, they may lead to referral to a psychiatric
      ward and even diagnostic error.

PMID- 3700348
TI  - Anxiety attacks in a patient with a right temporal lobe meningioma.
AB  - The role of neurologic factors leading to the appearance of anxiety attacks is
      incompletely understood. The case of a 69-year-old woman with no previous
      psychiatric illness who began to experience frequent anxiety attacks is
      described. These attacks were later associated with depersonalization and visual
      perceptual disturbances. The symptoms disappeared following the discovery and
      removal of a right temporal lobe meningioma.

PMID- 3700349
TI  - Antidepressant treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

PMID- 3700350
TI  - Low utility of the CSI in depressed elderly patients with medical disturbances.

PMID- 3700351
TI  - Is folate deficiency a side effect of lithium therapy?

PMID- 3700352
TI  - Carbamazepine and ECT: a paradoxical combination.

PMID- 3700353
TI  - Behavioral changes following generic thioridazine.

PMID- 3700354
TI  - Optimization of parameters for maximization of plateletpheresis and
      lymphocytapheresis yields on the Haemonetics Model V50.
AB  - Automated apheresis techniques afford the opportunity of tailoring collection
      parameters for each donor's hematologic profile. This study investigated the
      effect of various settings of the volume offset parameter as utilized in the
      Haemonetics Model V50 instrumentation during platelet- and lymphocytapheresis to
      optimize product yield, purity, and collection efficiency. In both types of
      procedures, increased product yield could be obtained by using an increased
      volume offset for donors having lower hematocrits. This improvement was related
      to an increase in collection efficiency. Platelet products also contained fewer
      contaminating lymphocytes with this approach. Adjustment of the volume offset
      parameter can be utilized to make the most efficient use of donors and provide
      higher-quality products.

PMID- 3700355
TI  - Plateletpheresis: a comparative study of six different protocols.
AB  - Six different protocols were employed in 710 plateletpheresis employing
      Haemonetics 30, Fenwal CS-3000, IBM 2997 dual stage channel, IBM 2997 single
      stage channel, and Haemonetics V-50 "surge pump" method. When Haemonetics 30 and
      IBM 2997 single-stage channel procedures were used, 5.4 to 5.9 X 10(11) platelets
      were collected with significant leukocyte contamination (10.8 to 11.6 X 10(9)).
      With Fenwal CS-3000, dual-stage channel of IBM 2997 and Haemonetics V-50 "surge
      pump" there was less leukocyte contamination in concentrates (0.3 to 0.9 X 10(9))
      as well as a lower platelet yield (3.4 to 4.3 X 10(11)). No difference in yield
      was observed when plateletpheresis was performed with ACD-A or ACD-B employing
      the single-stage channel of IBM 2997. Paresthesias was the most frequently seen
      side effect in donors, with a higher incidence when using ACD-A and IBM 2997.

PMID- 3700357
TI  - Steady-state kinetic analysis of isocitrate lyase from Lupinus seeds:
      considerations on a possible catalytic mechanism of isocitrate lyase from plants.
AB  - Isocitrate lyase catalyzes the reversible cleavage of isocitrate into glyoxylate
      and succinate. The kinetic mechanism of bacterial isocitrate lyase has been
      reported to be ordered uni-bi. Moreover, it has been proposed that isocitrate
      lyase in higher plants may be switched on and off by a
      succinylation/desuccinylation mechanism. Similarly to bacterial citrate lyase, in
      which an acetylation/deacetylation mechanism is operative, succinylation might
      also play a role in the catalytic mechanism of plant isocitrate lyase. We have
      investigated the kinetic mechanism of isocitrate lyase from Lupinus seeds. The
      results reported in this paper show that the system follows a preferentially
      ordered uni-bi pathway in which the succinate is released first. On the basis of
      our results and some other recently reported data, we conclude that it is
      unlikely that bacterial and plant isocitrate lyases have different catalytic
      mechanisms.

PMID- 3700356
TI  - Methylation and demethylation of solubilized chemoreceptors from thermophilic
      bacterium PS-3.
AB  - Methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs) were solubilized from the membrane of
      thermophilic bacterium PS-3 in the presence of Triton X-100. The solubilized MCPs
      could be methylated and demethylated. Methylation of the solubilized MCPs reached
      a steady state, at which the methylation and demethylation rates were equal. The
      solubilized MCPs were purified by anti-MCPs Sepharose 4B column chromatography.
      The purified MCPs could also be methylated and demethylated without
      reconstituting them into liposomes. As suggested by the results of sodium dodecyl
      sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified MCPs, ion
      exchange chromatography showed that MCPs consisted of at least two components.
      Each component appeared on SDS gel electrophoresis as multiple bands in the 64K
      to 70K dalton range or in the 70K to 84K dalton range. The initial rate and level
      of methylation of the solubilized MCPs were increased by the addition of
      attractants: glutamate, L-serine, L-aspartate, D-glucose, etc. The threshold of
      the glutamate concentration for this increase was about 10(-7) M. The rate of
      demethylation was also increased by attractants.

PMID- 3700358
TI  - Changes in membrane properties of rat red blood cells induced by cadmium
      accumulating in the membrane fraction.
AB  - When rat red blood cells were incubated in a cadmium (Cd)-free medium following 1
      h pretreatment with 0.5 mM CdCl2, incorporated Cd was retained in the cell during
      14-h incubation and progressively accumulated in the membrane fraction,
      especially in the cytoskeleton fraction. In parallel to this accumulation, red
      cell filterability decreased and echinocytic cells increased, although
      intracellular ATP was maintained at the control level. The echinocytic shape was
      maintained in ghosts and cytoskeletons prepared from the Cd-loaded cells. In
      addition, the association of bands 2.1, 3, 4.2, and 4.5 with cytoskeletons
      increased and dissociation of cytoskeletal networks at low ionic strength
      decreased as the incubation time increased. Pretreatment of red blood cells with
      Cd also induced a release of small vesicles. These vesicles contained hemoglobin
      but were depleted of spectrin and actin, showing a phospholipid composition
      similar to that of red cell ghosts. These results suggest that the organization
      of cell membranes, especially cytoskeletal networks, is altered by Cd
      accumulation in the cytoskeleton fraction, which results in acceleration of age
      related changes of red blood cells such as shape change and decreased
      filterability.

PMID- 3700359
TI  - Complete amino acid sequence of NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase purified from human
      erythrocytes.
AB  - The complete amino acid sequence of soluble NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase purified
      from human erythrocytes was determined. The enzyme, which contained 8 methionine
      residues, was cleaved by cyanogen bromide. The resulting nine peptides were
      separated by gel filtration and purified further by high-performance liquid
      chromatography. The purified peptides were sequenced by automated Edman
      degradation. Three large CNBr peptides, residues 1-101, 109-151, and 169-231,
      were further fragmented with trypsin, Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease or a
      lysyl endopeptidase of Achromobacter lyticus. The peptides obtained from the
      tryptic digest of citraconylated FAD-depleted apoprotein completed the alignments
      of the other peptides. The enzyme was composed of 275 amino acid residues. The 4
      functionally important cysteine residues were located in the COOH-terminal
      portion. The molecular weight of the protein was calculated to be 31,260 without
      FAD. A prediction of the secondary structure was made by the method of Chou and
      Fasman. The protein was hydrophilic as a whole (43% polarity), but some regions
      were rich in hydrophobic residues. From the sequence homology of this enzyme with
      the pyridine nucleotide-binding sites of other flavoproteins, three candidates
      for the FAD and NADH-binding domains were suggested.

PMID- 3700360
TI  - Chain elongation of fusaric acid and related compounds in rat liver.
AB  - Chain elongation of fusaric acid and related compounds in the presence of rat
      liver preparations was investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The
      mitochondrial fraction catalyzed the elongation of the CoA esters of fusaric acid
      and 5-butyl-2-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid utilizing acetyl-CoA as a C2 donor. The
      microsomal fraction failed to afford elongation products. However, when the CoA
      ester of 3-(5-butyl-2-pyrimidinyl)-3-hydroxypropionic acid was incubated in the
      presence of the mitochondrial or the microsomal fraction, the corresponding alpha
      beta-unsaturated and saturated metabolites were identified in both cases,
      suggesting that the microsomal fraction could not catalyze the condensation or
      the keto-reduction of these heteroaromatic carboxylic acids.

PMID- 3700361
TI  - Bile alcohol profiles in bile, urine, and feces of a patient with
      cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis.
AB  - Bile alcohols in bile, urine, and feces of a patient with cerebrotendinous
      xanthomatosis have been analyzed by a combination of capillary gas-liquid
      chromatography and mass spectrometry after fractionation into groups according to
      mode of conjugation. The presence of at least 18 bile alcohols, which were
      excreted mainly as glucurono-conjugates in bile and urine, and as unconjugated
      forms in feces, was demonstrated. The following bile alcohols were identified
      with certainty by direct comparison with reference compounds: 5 beta-cholestane-3
      alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-triol; (23R)-5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,23
      tetrol; 5 alpha- and 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,24-tetrols; 5
      alpha- and 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,25-tetrols; 27-nor-5 beta
      cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,24,25-pentol; (22R)-5 beta-cholestane-3
      alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,22,25-pentol; (23R)- and (23S)-5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7
      alpha, 12 alpha,23,25-pentols; 3 alpha,12 alpha,25-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestane-7
      one; (24R)- and (24S)-5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,24,25-pentols; 5
      beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,25,26-pentol. Although the bile alcohol
      profile in urine was quite different from those in bile and feces, the
      determination of urinary bile alcohols as well as of biliary and fecal bile
      alcohols could be used for diagnosis of cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis.

PMID- 3700362
TI  - Involvement of a histidine residue in inorganic phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate
      transport across the human erythrocyte membrane.
AB  - The transport of phosphoenolpyruvate across the erythrocyte membrane was compared
      with the transport of inorganic phosphate in resealed ghosts of human
      erythrocytes. Two conditions were employed: in one, the external pH (pHe) was
      varied from 6.0 to 7.5 while internal pH (pHi) was maintained at 7.2 or 6.2,
      whereas in the other, the internal and external pH were adjusted to have the same
      value over a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5. At a constant pHi of 7.2, the pH profile for
      the transport of phosphoenolpyruvate was different from that of inorganic
      phosphate; both pH profiles were similar to those previously observed in intact
      erythrocytes (Deuticke, B. (1970) Naturwissenschaften 57, 172-179; Hamasaki, N.,
      et al. (1978) Biochem. J. 170, 39-46). In the absence of a transmembrane pH
      gradient, the pH profile for phosphoenolpyruvate transport was bell-shaped with
      the maximum at pH 6.8, and essentially the same pattern was seen with inorganic
      phosphate transport. The different pH profiles obtained under the two conditions
      suggests that one or more residues exposed at the inner surface of the membrane
      participate in the transport of inorganic phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate. One
      of the most likely candidates is a histidine residue of the transport protein.

PMID- 3700363
TI  - Solubilization and reconstitution of iodide counterflow activity from the thyroid
      plasma membranes into soybean phospholipid vesicles.
AB  - The activity of I- counterflow was solubilized with n-octyl beta-D
      glucopyranoside from the thyroid plasma membranes and reconstituted into
      phospholipid vesicles made from soybean phospholipids by a detergent dilution
      procedure. The vesicles exhibited apparent "entrance" I- counterflow but no
      apparent Na+-dependent I- transport activity. The activity of I- counterflow was
      saturated by external I- at the concentration of 50-200 microM, indicating the
      substrate specificity of the counterflow-mediating activity for I-. The optimal
      concentration of the detergent for solubilization was near 12.5 mg/ml, as
      reported in solubilization of some sugar transport carriers of E. coli. The
      counterflow of I- was inhibited by externally added SCN- but not by ClO4-. When
      solubilized protein was treated with 0.2-1 mM dithiothreitol and with 2-10 mM 2
      mercaptoethanol prior to reconstitution, dose-dependent inactivation of I-
      counterflow was observed. However, the activity of I- counterflow was fully
      preserved when solubilized protein was treated with these agents in the presence
      of high concentrations of I- (40 and 80 mM). In contrast, treatment with N
      ethylmaleimide at a concentration of as high as 1 mM did not decrease the
      activity. In conclusion, it appears that the I- counterflow activity can be
      solubilized and reconstituted into phospholipid vesicles from the thyroid plasma
      membranes. The counterflow activity may be susceptible to disulfide-reducing
      agents.

PMID- 3700364
TI  - Selectivity and contribution of lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase to plasma
      cholesterol ester formation.
AB  - Selectivity factors (Vm/Km) for human and rat lecithin: cholesterol
      acyltransferases (LCAT) for the transfer of various acyl groups from the 2
      position of phosphatidylcholine were determined. By multiplying these values by
      the proportions of acyl groups at the 2-position of phosphatidylcholine, one can
      predict the proportions of molecular species of cholesterol ester which will be
      synthesized by LCAT. In human subjects fasted overnight, the molecular
      composition of plasma cholesterol ester was found to reflect the LCAT selectivity
      relatively accurately. This result supports the concepts that hepatic acyl
      CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) does not contribute significantly to the
      synthesis of plasma cholesterol ester and that removal of cholesterol ester from
      plasma is not selective with respect to molecular species under these conditions.
      In contrast to the results with humans, the molecular composition of plasma
      cholesterol ester formed in spontaneously hypertensive rats fed a high
      cholesterol diet and then fasted overnight differs from that which is predicted
      from LCAT selectivity and the proportion of various fatty acids at the 2-position
      of phosphatidylcholine: these results suggest that cholesterol ester is formed
      mainly via the ACAT reaction.

PMID- 3700365
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of glyoxylate in rat liver.
AB  - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the
      determination of glyoxylate in the liver. Alpha-keto acids in charcoal-treated
      acid-extract of the liver were converted to the corresponding 2,4
      dinitrophenylhydrazones and purified as the derivatives by successive extractions
      with ethyl acetate and sodium bicarbonate solution. The dinitrophenylhydrazones
      were then quantitatively converted to the corresponding substituted 2
      hydroxyquinoxalines by reaction with o-phenylenediamine, followed by analysis by
      high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. As a control
      to correct the recovery of tissue glyoxylate, an acid-extract of the liver
      prepared with the addition of standard glyoxylate (25-50 nmol/g wet weight of
      tissue) was simultaneously subjected to the analytical procedure. The maximum
      sensitivity of the glyoxylate measurement as 2-hydroxyquinoxaline (the
      quinoxaline derivative corresponding to glyoxylate) was defined as the peak area
      reading five times as high as the blank value obtained without sample and was
      approximately 10 pmol per injection. Glyoxylate in the addition compound with
      tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane was quantitatively recovered as 2
      hydroxyquinoxaline. The addition compounds of glyoxylate with bisulfite and
      cysteine did not react with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine under the conditions
      employed and were not detectable as glyoxylate by this method, while the adduct
      forming substances added to the acid-extract of the liver did not interfere with
      the glyoxylate determination. No glyoxylate was detected when the liver extract
      had been incubated at neutral pH with a large excess of cysteine, indicating that
      little artificial production of glyoxylate occurred during the analytical
      procedure. Among 64 compounds tested for possible artificial production of
      glyoxylate or possible interference with the chromatographic determination of 2
      hydroxyquinoxaline, p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate was the only compound which was
      converted to glyoxylate during the procedure. However, p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate
      was easily removed from the acid-extract of the tissue by charcoal treatment. The
      amount of glyoxylate in the liver of fasted rat was measured by the present
      method to be approximately 5 nmol per g of wet weight.

PMID- 3700366
TI  - Inhibitory effect of 15-oxygenated sterols on cholesterol synthesis from 24,25
      dihydrolanosterol.
AB  - Several 15-oxygenated sterols were examined as to their inhibitory activity
      toward cholesterol synthesis from [24,25-3H]-24,25-dihydrolanosterol in the
      10,000 X g supernatant fraction of a rat liver homogenate. At 40 microM, three 15
      alpha-hydroxylated compounds, 14 alpha-ethylcholest-7-ene-3 beta,15 alpha-diol,
      14 alpha-methylcholest-7-ene-3 beta,15 alpha-diol, and lanost-7-ene-3 beta,15
      alpha-diol, were found to be extremely potent inhibitors (more than 90%
      inhibition) of dihydrolanosterol metabolism. The inhibitory effect of the C-15
      substituents appeared to be in the order of: 15 alpha-hydroxyl greater than 15
      ketone greater than 15 beta-hydroxyl.

PMID- 3700367
TI  - Improved purification of Aspergillus oryzae 1,2-alpha-mannosidase by using mannan
      gel affinity chromatography.
AB  - In order to facilitate the purification of 1,2-alpha-mannosidase from an enzyme
      product of Aspergillus oryzae, we have devised a rapid and simple procedure. A
      partially purified enzyme preparation obtained from the A. oryzae enzyme product,
      by means of ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by CM-Sephadex C-50
      chromatography, was subjected to affinity chromatography with baker's yeast
      mannan gel as an adsorbent. 1,2-alpha-Mannosidase was retarded and well separated
      from the major protein peak on the affinity column. After a second affinity
      chromatography under the same conditions, 1,2-alpha-mannosidase was finally
      purified 7,500-fold with a 22.9% yield. The enzyme preparation thus obtained was
      quite suitable for the structural analysis of glycoconjugates.

PMID- 3700368
TI  - Movement of Fe with respect to the heme plane in the R-T transition of carp
      hemoglobin. An extended x-ray absorption fine structure study.
AB  - Carp Hb undergoes a well known change in kinetics over the pH range 6-9. X-ray
      absorption spectroscopy, in conjunction with refined data analysis procedures,
      shows no difference in iron-ligand distances when carp HbCO is switched from R
      (high affinity) to T (low affinity) states. These distances are 2.015 +/- 0.015 A
      for the average iron-pyrrole nitrogen distance, 2.14 +/- 0.04 A for the iron
      nitrogen (of histidine) distance, and 1.89 +/- 0.05 A for the Fe-C (of CO)
      distance. Examination of the region from 30 to 100 eV above the threshold, called
      the ligand field indicator region, reveals spectral differences, which when
      compared to model compounds suggest that the iron and the heme are less coplanar
      in the T-like forms. These results are consistent with the iron being 0.1 A more
      out of the mean heme plane in both carp HbCO and carp Hb T states, relative to
      the R forms, and that the change in iron position on ligation to either T or R
      state is four times larger than that occurring with the quaternary switch.

PMID- 3700369
TI  - Proteolytic processing of a peptide precursor in Aplysia neuron R14.
AB  - The large neurons of the mollusc Aplysia are useful for studying the biogenesis
      of neuropeptides in single cells. Neuron R14 in the abdominal ganglion
      synthesizes large quantities of a 10-kDa neuropeptide precursor. The amino acid
      sequence of this precursor has been defined by analysis of the nucleotide
      sequence of a cDNA clone. We labeled proteins in vivo by microinjection of
      radioactive amino acids into individual R14 neurons. The labeled peptides were
      fractionated by high performance liquid chromatography and subjected to Edman
      degradation, thus enabling us to determine post-translational processing sites.
      Cleavage of the signal sequence was observed and at two internal sites. Cleavage
      at these internal sites occurs at basic amino acids and results in three
      products, a 2.9-, a 4.9-, and a 1.4-kDa peptide. These studies of protein
      processing serve as a basis for further investigations of the biogenesis and
      physiological activities of the neuropeptides.

PMID- 3700370
TI  - Periodic changes of chromatin organization associated with rearrangement of
      repair patches accompany DNA excision repair of mammalian cells.
AB  - We have used 8-methoxypsoralen to probe the chromatin structure of mammalian
      cells in situ while they repair pyrimidine dimers or bulky lesions in DNA. We
      observed that excision repair of these DNA lesions is accompanied by periodic
      alterations of chromatin organization. In parallel, fluctuations of the rates of
      repair patch synthesis accompanied these structural changes. Taking advantage of
      the accessibility of free DNA domains for psoralen intercalation, we have
      developed a technique to quantitatively isolate the micrococcal nuclease
      sensitive, free DNA fraction of native bulk chromatin. We have determined the
      location of newly synthesized repair patches relative to free DNA domains as a
      function of repair time. Extensive rearrangements of repair patches from these
      domains into micrococcal nuclease-resistant DNA were observed. Our results
      indicate that periodic changes of chromatin organization associated with
      rearrangement of repair patches accompany the process of excision repair in
      mammalian cells.

PMID- 3700372
TI  - Phosphatidylserine biosynthesis in cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells. I.
      Inhibition of de novo phosphatidylserine biosynthesis by exogenous
      phosphatidylserine and its efficient incorporation.
AB  - The effect of phosphatidylserine exogenously added to the medium on de novo
      biosynthesis of phosphatidylserine was investigated in cultured Chinese hamster
      ovary cells. When cells were cultured for several generations in medium
      supplemented with phosphatidylserine and 32Pi, the incorporation of 32Pi into
      cellular phosphatidylserine was remarkably inhibited, the degree of inhibition
      being dependent upon the concentration of added phosphatidylserine. 32Pi uptake
      into cellular phosphatidylethanolamine was also partly reduced by the addition of
      exogenous phosphatidylserine, consistent with the idea that
      phosphatidylethanolamine is biosynthesized via decarboxylation of
      phosphatidylserine. However, incorporation of 32Pi into phosphatidylcholine,
      sphingomyelin, and phosphatidylinositol was not significantly affected. In
      contrast, the addition of either phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin,
      phosphatidylethanolamine, or phosphatidylinositol to the medium did not inhibit
      endogenous biosynthesis of the corresponding phospholipid. Radiochemical and
      chemical analyses of the cellular phospholipid composition revealed that
      phosphatidylserine in cells grown with 80 microM phosphatidylserine was almost
      entirely derived from the added phospholipid. Phosphatidylserine uptake was also
      directly determined by using [3H]serine-labeled phospholipid. Pulse and pulse
      chase experiments with L-[U-14C] serine showed that when cells were cultured with
      80 microM phosphatidylserine, the rate of synthesis of phosphatidylserine was
      reduced 3-5-fold whereas the turnover of newly synthesized phosphatidylserine was
      normal. Enzyme assaying of extracts prepared from cells grown with and without
      phosphatidylserine indicated that the inhibition of de novo phosphatidylserine
      biosynthesis by the added phosphatidylserine appeared not to be caused by a
      reduction in the level of the enzyme involved in the base-exchange reaction
      between phospholipids and serine. These results demonstrate that exogenous
      phosphatidylserine can be efficiently incorporated into Chinese hamster ovary
      cells and utilized for membrane biogenesis, endogenous phosphatidylserine
      biosynthesis thereby being suppressed.

PMID- 3700371
TI  - The bidirectional flux of cholesterol between cells and lipoproteins. Effects of
      phospholipid depletion of high density lipoprotein.
AB  - The bidirectional surface transfer of free cholesterol (FC) between Fu5AH rat
      hepatoma cells and human high density lipoprotein (HDL) was studied. Cells and
      HDL were prelabeled with [4-14C]FC and [7-3H]FC, respectively. Influx and efflux
      of FC were measured simultaneously from the appearance of 3H counts in cells and
      14C counts in medium. Results were analyzed by a computerized procedure which
      fitted sets of kinetic data to a model assuming that cell and HDL FC populations
      each formed a single homogeneous pool and that together the pools formed a closed
      system. This analysis yielded values for the first-order rate constants of FC
      influx and efflux (ki and ke), from which influx and efflux of FC mass (Fi and
      Fe) could be calculated. With normal HDL, the uptake and release of FC tracers
      conformed well to the above-described model; Fi and Fe were approximately equal,
      suggesting an exchange of FC between cells and HDL. HDL was depleted of
      phospholipid (PL) by treatment with either phospholipase A2 or heparin-releasable
      rat hepatic lipase, followed by incubation with bovine serum albumin. PL
      depletion of HDL had little or no effect on ki, but reduced ke, indicating that
      PL-deficient HDL is a relatively poor acceptor of cell cholesterol. The reduction
      in ke resulted in initial Fi greater than Fe and, thus, in net uptake of FC by
      the cells. This result explained previous results demonstrating net uptake of FC
      from PL-depleted HDL. In the presence of an inhibitor of acyl coenzyme
      A:cholesterol acyltransferase, the steady state distribution of FC mass between
      cells and HDL was accurately predicted by the ratio of rate constants for FC
      flux. This result provided additional validation for describing FC flux in terms
      of first-order rate constants and homogeneous cell and HDL FC pools.

PMID- 3700373
TI  - Thermodynamic properties of the heme prosthetic group in assimilatory nitrate
      reductase.
AB  - The oxidation-reduction midpoint potential for the heme prosthetic group present
      in assimilatory nitrate reductase from Chlorella vulgaris has been determined by
      optical potentiometric titrations in the presence of dye mediators. At pH 7, the
      midpoint potential was determined to be -160 mV and corresponds to a reversible n
      = 1 redox process. The midpoint potential was unaltered by the use of NADH as
      reductant, unaffected by the presence of NAD+, cytochrome c, phosphate, cyanide,
      or alkaline pH. In addition, the redox potential of the heme was independent of
      modifications to the enzyme such as substitution of the molybdenum center with
      tungsten, or cleavage and separation of the enzyme into its flavin and
      heme/molybdenum domains. In contrast, the midpoint potential increased on
      decreasing the pH yielding a pH dependence of approximately 20 mV/pH unit within
      the range 5.5 to 7, suggesting the presence of a single, redox-associated,
      ionizable functional group on the protein with pKox = 5.8 and pKred = 6.1. At pH
      7 and within the range 12 to 38 degrees C, the midpoint potential of the heme
      decreased by approximately 1 mV/degree. Values for delta S0 and delta H0 were
      calculated to be -25.6 e.u. and -4.0 kcal/mol.

PMID- 3700374
TI  - Characterization of preprocholecystokinin products in the porcine cerebral
      cortex. Evidence of different processing pathways.
AB  - Using gel, ion-exchange, and reverse-phase chromatography monitored by
      radioimmunoassays specific for five sequences of preprocholecystokinin (prepro
      CCK), its processing products were measured in neutral and acid extracts of
      porcine cerebral cortex before and after incubation with trypsin,
      carboxypeptidase B, and arylsulfatase. Three categories of peptides were found:
      biologically active peptides, i.e. peptides with the alpha-amidated COOH terminus
      Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2, comprising large CCKs, i.e. peptides larger than CCK-58 and
      peptides eluting like CCK-58, CCK-33, and CCK-22; CCK-octapeptides in sulfated
      and traces of nonsulfated forms; and small CCKs, i.e. traces of CCK-7, large
      amounts of CCK-5, and modest concentrations of CCK-4 (the structures of CCK-5 and
      -4 were confirmed by sequence analysis); four NH2-terminal fragments, of which
      the two predominant ones correspond to the desnonapeptide fragments of CCK-58 and
      CCK-33; and COOH-terminal extended peptides corresponding to glycine-extended CCK
      58, CCK-33, and CCK-8 in small but significant amounts. Thus, in addition to CCK
      8 the porcine cerebral cortex synthesizes larger and smaller active CCK peptides
      in quantities of an order similar to those of CCK-8. The occurrence of these
      together with the NH2-terminal fragments and glycine-extended peptides can be
      explained only by the existence of different processing pathways for preproCCK.
      Consequently, the results suggest that cerebral CCK neurons are heterogeneous and
      comprise at least three populations with different biosynthetic machineries.

PMID- 3700375
TI  - Accumulation of nonamidated preprogastrin and preprocholecystokinin products in
      porcine pituitary corticotrophs. Evidence of post-translational control of cell
      differentiation.
AB  - Using gel and ion-exchange chromatography monitored by radioimmunoassays specific
      for sequences essential in the processing of preprogastrin and
      preprocholecystokinin, the products were characterized in extracts of porcine
      pituitary lobes before and after incubation with trypsin, carboxypeptidase B, and
      arylsulfatase. The intermediate and neural lobes contained only fully activated
      (i.e. alpha-amidated) preprogastrin products (component I, gastrin-34, and
      gastrin-17). In contrast, the anterior lobe contained, in addition to traces of
      alpha-amidated gastrin (2 pmol/g), hundredfold higher amounts of a nonamidated
      progastrin (189 pmol/g; Mr approximately 7000) and two nonamidated
      procholecystokinin fragments (75 pmol/g; Mr approximately 7000 and 5000). These
      results show that hormone genes, in spite of translation of their mRNA, are not
      necessarily expressed in functional peptides in cells outside the principal
      production regions. Hence, the study indicates that differentiation of endocrine
      cells may be controlled at the post-translational level.

PMID- 3700376
TI  - The interaction of folylpolyglutamates with deoxyhemoglobin. Identification of
      the binding site.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that pteroylheptaglutamate (PteGlu7) can form a 1:1
      complex with deoxyhemoglobin. The solution and crystallographic studies reported
      in this paper delineate the nature of the PteGlu7 binding site. We find that the
      three structural elements of PteGlu7 (the pteridine moiety, the p-aminobenzoyl
      portion, and the glutamate groups) each contribute to the binding energy by
      interacting with residues in the central cavity between the beta subunits and
      with residues at the alpha 1 beta 1 interface. Identification of the 2,3
      diphosphoglycerate (DPG) binding site as part of the PteGlu7 binding site was
      accomplished in two ways; first by the demonstration of reduced PteGlu7 binding
      to hemoglobin selectively modified by pyridoxylation at this site, and second by
      the finding that DPG and PteGlu7 bind to deoxyhemoglobin in a competitive manner.
      In addition, since analogs of PteGlu7 in which the pteridine moiety is modified
      display reduced binding, it can be concluded that the pteridine group also
      contributes significantly to the binding energy. The crystallographic studies are
      completely consistent with the results determined in solution. A difference
      electron density image at 4.3 A resolution shows that the pteridine and p
      aminobenzoyl groups are nestled against an interior edge of the alpha 1 beta 1
      interface with the pteridine ring interacting with Phe 36 alpha 1 and the p
      aminobenzoyl group positioned against a portion of the H helix between residues
      Lys 132 beta 1 and Ala 135 beta 1. The difference density for the glutamate
      residues is less well resolved (for reasons described in the text), but it is
      clear that some of the carboxylate side chains must interact with residues at the
      DPG binding site.

PMID- 3700377
TI  - Predominant osmotically active organic solutes in rat and rabbit renal medullas.
AB  - The mechanism that concentrates the urine to an osmolality several times that of
      systemic plasma results in high concentrations of solutes (particularly NaCl and
      urea) in extracellular fluid of renal medulla, but not in the labyrinth of the
      renal cortex. Intracellular and extracellular osmolality must be equal in
      animals, but the known intracellular levels of Na and K salts and urea in renal
      medullas are much too low to balance the high extracellular osmolality. The
      purpose of these studies was to identify the other intracellular osmolytes that
      must be present. Cortexes and medullas from rabbit and rat kidneys were analyzed
      by proton nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, and chemical assays to
      determine the identity and amount of organic solutes. Large amounts of
      glycerophosphorylcholine, betaine, sorbitol, and inositol were found in both
      species localized almost exclusively to the inner medulla. In rabbits during
      antidiuresis glycerophosphorylcholine, betaine, and sorbitol were present in the
      inner medulla, at concentrations of 21.1, 34.8, and 20.8 mumol/g wet weight,
      respectively, but were not detected in the cortex. Inositol was present in rabbit
      inner medulla at 10.7 mumol/g wet weight and was also present in the cortex, but
      at lower concentration. None of the above metabolites was present in measurable
      amounts in urine or peripheral plasma. The accumulation in the cells of the inner
      medulla of relatively large amounts of betaine, sorbitol,
      glycerophosphorylcholine and inositol during antidiuresis suggests that they may
      play a significant role in the maintenance of intracellular osmotic balance.

PMID- 3700378
TI  - Renal cysteine conjugate beta-lyase. Bioactivation of nephrotoxic cysteine S
      conjugates in mitochondrial outer membrane.
AB  - Cysteine conjugate beta-lyase activity from rat kidney cortex was found in the
      cystosolic and mitochondrial fractions. With 2 mM S-(2-benzothiazolyl)-L-cysteine
      as the substrate, approximately two-thirds of the total beta-lyase activity was
      present in the cytosolic fraction. The kinetics of beta-lyase activity with three
      cysteine S-conjugates were different in the cytosolic and mitochondrial
      fractions, and the mitochondrial beta-lyase was much more sensitive to inhibition
      by aminooxyacetic acid than was the cytosolic activity. These results indicate
      that the beta-lyase activities in the two subcellular fractions are catalyzed by
      distinct enzymes. Nephrotoxic cysteine S-conjugates of halogenated hydrocarbons
      that require bioactivation by cysteine conjugate beta-lyase (S-(1,2
      dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (DCVC), S-(2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl)-L-cysteine,
      CTFC) were potent inhibitors of state 3 respiration in rat kidney mitochondria.
      Fractionation of mitochondria by digitonin treatment and comparison with marker
      enzyme distributions showed that the mitochondrial beta-lyase activity is
      localized in the outer mitochondrial membrane. Inhibition of the beta-lyase
      prevented the mitochondrial toxicity of DCVC and CTFC, and nonmetabolizable,
      alpha-methyl analogues of DCVC and CTFC were not toxic. Neither DCVC nor CTFC was
      toxic to mitoplasts, indicating that activation by the beta-lyase occurs on the
      outer membrane and may be essential for the expression of toxicity; in contrast,
      the direct acting nephrotoxin S-(2-chloroethyl)-DL-cysteine was toxic to both
      mitochondria and mitoplasts. Thus, the suborganelle localization of DCVC and CTFC
      bioactivation correlates with the observed pattern of toxicity.

PMID- 3700379
TI  - Influenza C virus uses 9-O-acetyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid as a high affinity
      receptor determinant for attachment to cells.
AB  - Identification of the receptor-destroying enzyme of influenza C virus as a
      specific neuraminate O-acetylesterase has suggested that 9-O-acetyl-N
      acetylneuraminic acid is an essential component of the cell surface receptor of
      influenza C virus (Herrler, G., Rott, R., Klenk, H.-D., Muller, H.-P., Shukla, A.
      K., and Schauer, R. (1985) EMBO (Eur. Mol. Biol. Organ.) J. 4, 1503-1506). In
      this report, three common sialic acids, N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc), N
      glycollylneuraminic acid (NeuGc), and 9-O-acetyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid (9-O-Ac
      NeuAc) were compared for their ability to mediate attachment of influenza A, B,
      and C viruses to cells. Human asialoerythrocytes were resialylated to contain the
      three sialic acids in defined sequence on glycoprotein carbohydrate groups using
      purified sialyltransferases and corresponding CMP-sialic acid donor substrates.
      While influenza C virus failed to agglutinate native cells or resialylated cells
      containing NeuAc and NeuGc, resialylated cells containing 9-O-Ac-NeuAc in three
      different sialyloligosaccharide sequences were agglutinated in high titer. In
      contrast, most representative influenza A and B viruses examined preferentially
      agglutinated cells containing NeuAc and NeuGc and failed to agglutinate cells
      containing 9-O-Ac-NeuAc. Cells containing 9-O-Ac-NeuAc were sensitive to the
      action of influenza C virus neuraminate O-acetylesterase which converts 9-O-Ac
      NeuAc to NeuAc. This treatment abolished agglutination by influenza C while
      making the cells agglutinable by several influenza A and B viruses. Finally, the
      ability of influenza C virus to agglutinate the erythrocytes of various species
      correlated with the presence of 9-O-Ac-NeuAc. The results provide direct evidence
      that influenza C virus utilizes 9-O-acetyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid as the primary
      receptor determinant for attachment to cell surface receptors.

PMID- 3700380
TI  - Natural abundance carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of histone and DNA
      dynamics in nucleosome cores.
AB  - Natural abundance carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (67.9 MHz) were
      obtained for native nucleosome cores: cores dissociated in 2 M NaCl and 2 M NaCl,
      6 M urea; and cores degraded with DNase I plus proteinase K. Phosphorus-31 NMR
      spectra of native and dissociated cores and core length DNA were also obtained at
      60.7 MHz. The 31P resonance and spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) of DNA were
      only slightly affected by packaging in nucleosome cores, in agreement with other
      reports, but 13C resonances of DNA were essentially unobservable. The loss of DNA
      spectral intensity suggests that rapid internal motions of DNA sugar carbons in
      protein-free DNA previously demonstrated by 13C NMR methods are partly restricted
      in nucleosomes. The 13C spectrum of native cores contains many narrow intense
      resonances assigned to lysine side chain and alpha-carbons, glycine alpha
      carbons, alanine alpha- and beta- carbons, and arginine side chain carbons.
      Several weaker resonances were also assigned. The narrow line widths, short T1
      values, and non-minimal nuclear Overhauser enhancements of these resonances,
      including alpha- and beta-carbons, show that some terminal chain segments of
      histones in nucleosomes are as mobile as small random coil polypeptides. The
      mobile segments include about 9% of all histone residues and 25% of all lysines,
      but only 10% of all arginines. The compositions of these segments indicate that
      mobile regions are located in amino- or carboxyl-terminal sequences of two or
      more histones. In addition, high mobility was observed for side chain carbons of
      45-50% of all lysines (delta and epsilon carbons) and about 25% of all arginines
      (zeta carbon) in histones (including those in mobile segments), suggesting that
      basic residues in terminal histone sequences are not strongly involved in
      nucleosome structure and may instead help stabilize higher order chromatin
      structure.

PMID- 3700381
TI  - Solubilization of hyaluronic acid synthetic activity from streptococci and its
      activation with phospholipids.
AB  - To date all hyaluronic acid synthetic systems have been of a particulate nature,
      and attempts at solubilization have been unsuccessful. This has hampered attempts
      to elucidate the mechanism by which hyaluronic acid is produced. In this paper we
      demonstrate that the hyaluronic acid synthetic activity from group C
      streptococcal membranes was solubilized using 2% digitonin and that the activity
      was optimized by reconstitution with cardiolipin at an optimum
      phospholipid/protein ratio (microgram/microgram) of 5:1. Furthermore,
      chromatography of the solubilized synthetase demonstrated that it eluted after
      the void volume of a Sepharose CL-6B column. CHAPSO, octyl glucopyranoside,
      sodium cholate, Triton X-100, and zwittergent 314 either inhibited or failed to
      solubilize the synthetic activity. Phospholipids other than cardiolipin also
      reconstituted the activity from the digitonin extract, particularly
      phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine. In our system, the specific
      activity of hyaluronic acid synthetase was increased up to 63 times that of the
      system of the intact membrane. Furthermore, the total activity of the
      reconstituted system was 4.9 times greater than that of intact membranes. The
      soluble enzyme system showed similarities to the membrane-bound synthetase in the
      kinetics of production of trichloroacetic acid-soluble and -insoluble hyaluronic
      acid, and the hyaluronic acid produced was of comparable molecular weight.

PMID- 3700382
TI  - On the structure of albumin-bound bilirubin. Selective binding of
      intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded conformational enantiomers.
AB  - The intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded bichromophoric tetrapyrrole pigments,
      bilirubin-IX alpha and mesobilirubin-XIII alpha, adopt either of two folded,
      intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded, enantiomeric conformations which are in dynamic
      equilibrium in solution. Added human serum albumin binds preferentially, although
      not necessarily exclusively, to one conformational enantiomer, and the solutions
      exhibit bisignate circular dichroism Cotton effects in the region of the
      pigment's long wavelength electronic transition. In contrast, the bichromophoric
      tetrapyrrole pigment mesobilirubin-IV alpha, which is incapable of adopting
      intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded folded conformations, and the monochromophoric
      pyrromethenone, xanthobilirubic acid, show only monosignate induced circular
      dichroism Cotton effects under the same conditions. Application of exciton
      coupling theory indicates a preference for complexation of the right-handed (or
      positive) chirality conformational enantiomer of bilirubin-IX alpha or
      mesobilirubin-XIII alpha to human serum albumin at physiologic pH.

PMID- 3700383
TI  - Catecholamines induce an increase in nerve growth factor content in the medium of
      mouse L-M cells.
AB  - L-M cells, a mouse fibroblast cell line, synthesized and secreted a nerve growth
      factor (NGF). The neurite outgrowth stimulatory activity, immunoreactivity,
      molecular weight, and isoelectric point of L-M cell NGF were identical to those
      of beta-NGF of the mouse submaxillary gland. Treatment of the cells with either
      norepinephrine or epinephrine in the range of 0.05-0.2 mM for 24 h resulted in a
      3-20-fold increase in NGF content in the medium of the L-M cells. The NGF of
      epinephrine-treated cell was identical to that of control cell. The stimulation
      of the increase in NGF content was observed after a 4-h lag time. The rate of
      incorporation of [3H]leucine into trichloroacetic acid-insoluble materials was
      essentially unchanged during the treatment. These results suggested that
      norepinephrine and epinephrine stimulated the de novo synthesis and secretion of
      NGF protein. Evidence is also presented to indicate that the effects of the drugs
      are due to the catechol part of the molecule and not mediated by adrenergic
      receptors.

PMID- 3700384
TI  - In vitro poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of seminal ribonuclease.
AB  - The site of in vitro ADP-ribosylation of seminal ribonuclease was determined.
      Seminal enzyme was found to be a good receptor of [14C]ADP-ribose residues under
      the reaction conditions used. The recovery of [14C]ADP-ribosylated RNase was
      about 65% after purification. After tryptic digestion of modified enzyme, a
      fraction containing [14C]ADP-ribosylated peptides was separated from the others
      by ion-exchange chromatography on M82 resin. Radioactive peptides were then
      purified by affinity chromatography on anti-poly(ADP-ribose)IgG-Sepharose. High
      performance liquid chromatography of a mixture obtained after pronase digestion
      of purified ADP-ribosylated peptides revealed only one radioactive peptide whose
      amino acid composition corresponded to a peptide that has equimolar quantities of
      aspartic acid, serine, and glycine. Carboxypeptidase Y digestion of this peptide
      showed that its amino acid sequence was Asp-Ser-Gly. Only position 14-16 of
      seminal RNase corresponded to this sequence. The chemical stability of the ADP
      ribose/enzyme linkage indicated that aspartic acid 14 is the modification site in
      seminal RNase.

PMID- 3700385
TI  - Altered Ca2+ dependence of tension development in skinned skeletal muscle fibers
      following modification of troponin by partial substitution with cardiac troponin
      C.
AB  - Binding of Ca2+ to the troponin C (TnC) subunit of troponin is necessary for
      tension development in skeletal and cardiac muscles. Tension was measured in
      skinned fibers from rabbit skeletal muscle at various [Ca2+] before and after
      partial substitution of skeletal TnC with cardiac TnC. Following substitution,
      the tension-pCa relationship was altered in a manner consistent with the
      differences in the number of low-affinity Ca2+-binding sites on the two types of
      TnC and their affinities for Ca2+. The alterations in the tension-pCa
      relationship were for the most part reversed by reextraction of cardiac TnC and
      readdition of skeletal TnC into the fiber segments. These findings indicate that
      the type of TnC present plays an important role in determining the Ca2+
      dependence of tension development in striated muscle.

PMID- 3700386
TI  - Differences in expression of a variant actin between low and high metastatic B16
      melanoma.
AB  - The polypeptides of mouse B16 melanoma lines of defined metastatic potential have
      been analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Parent B16 melanoma and two
      independently isolated B16-F1 lines, which are low metastatic, exhibited a new
      polypeptide, Ax (pI 5.2; Mr = 43,000), comprising approximately 30% of the total
      actin, in addition to normal beta- and gamma-actin. The Ax is present in the
      Triton-insoluble fraction (cytoskeleton and nuclear matrix) as well as in the
      Triton-soluble fraction at a constant ratio of about 0.5 to beta- plus gamma
      actin. The Ax polypeptide has been identified as a variant form of actin by
      immunostaining with anti-actin antibody and by a comparison of its tryptic
      patterns with those produced by beta- and gamma-actin polypeptides; the Ax is
      also identified as a component of microfilaments. On the other hand, the Ax
      polypeptide disappears or its expression is very low in high metastatic lines,
      two independently isolated B16-F10s and B16-BL6. By in vitro translation, we have
      identified the mRNA species that code for Ax in B16-F1, but not in B16-F10.

PMID- 3700387
TI  - Lung lamellar bodies maintain an acidic internal pH.
AB  - The internal pH of lung lamellar bodies was investigated with membrane permeable
      basic amines. Isolated granular pneumocytes and isolated lung lamellar bodies
      exhibited fluorescence when exposed to 8 microM quinacrine, suggesting
      accumulation of this dye due to an acidic internal pH. Uptake of [14C]methylamine
      by isolated lung lamellar bodies was measured to quantitate the intralamellar
      body pH. In KCl-ATP (10 mM) medium (pH 7.0), the accumulation ratio of
      methylamine (inside/outside) during 2-min incubation was 8.1 +/- 0.47 (mean +/-
      S.E., n = 8) indicating an internal pH of 6.1. Lamellar bodies accumulated
      methylamine almost 30-fold in K+-free mannitol medium indicating an internal pH
      of 5.6. The pH gradient across the lamellar body membrane decreased when external
      pH was decreased or when ATP was omitted. The pH gradient was also decreased by
      the addition of 10 mM NH4Cl, 2 micrograms/ml nigericin, 0.02 mM N,N'
      dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, or 1 mM N'-ethylmaleimide. These observations indicate
      that lamellar bodies maintain an acidic interior (pH 6.1 or below) which is
      generated by an energy-dependent process.

PMID- 3700388
TI  - Maize phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. Cloning and characterization of mRNAs
      encoding isozymic forms.
AB  - The isozymic forms of maize phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (P-enolpyruvate
      carboxylase) involved in photosynthetic CO2 fixation were shown by protein gel
      blot analysis to consist of 100-kDa subunits. The nonautotrophic isoform found in
      roots is comprised of 96-kDa subunits and is about 50-100-fold less prevalent.
      Further analysis of P-enolpyruvate carboxylase isoforms made use of cloned cDNA
      probes. Two cDNA clones were isolated from a library constructed from maize leaf
      poly(A) RNA. The largest clone was complementary to about 25% of P-enolpyruvate
      carboxylase mRNA, which is 3.4 kilobases in length. The quantity of P
      enolpyruvate carboxylase mRNA in green, mature leaf tissue was estimated to be
      0.20% of poly(A) RNA, whereas P-enolpyruvate carboxylase mRNA in roots was about
      100-fold less prevalent. We used thermal denaturation of a P-enolpyruvate
      carboxylase cDNA probe hybridized to RNA gel blots to estimate the degree of
      sequence difference between mRNAs encoding different P-enolpyruvate carboxylase
      isoforms. There appear to be at least two prevalent P-enolpyruvate carboxylase
      mRNAs in green leaves which are significantly different in sequence, as are P
      enolpyruvate carboxylase mRNAs in roots and shoots. The hybridization pattern of
      maize genomic DNA Southern blots indicates that P-enolpyruvate carboxylase is
      encoded by a small gene family.

PMID- 3700389
TI  - Vinblastine photoaffinity labeling of a high molecular weight surface membrane
      glycoprotein specific for multidrug-resistant cells.
AB  - Photoactive radioactive analogues of vinblastine were used to photoaffinity label
      membranes of Chinese hamster lung drug-sensitive (DC-3F), multidrug-resistant
      sublines selected for resistance to vincristine (DC-3F/VCRd-5L) or actinomycin D
      (DC-3F/ADX), and revertant (DC-3F/ADX-U) cells. A radiolabeled doublet (150-180
      kDa) consisting of a major and minor band which was barely detectable in parental
      drug-sensitive cells was increased up to 150-fold in the drug-resistant variants
      but only 15-fold in the revertant cells. Photoaffinity labeling in the presence
      of 200-fold excess vinblastine reduced radiolabeling of the 150-180-kDa species
      up to 96%, confirming its Vinca alkaloid binding specificity. The radiolabeled
      doublet comigrated with a Coomassie Blue stained polypeptide doublet in the drug
      resistant cells and was immunoprecipitated with polyclonal antibody which is
      specific for the 150-180-kDa surface membrane glycoprotein in multidrug-resistant
      cell lines. The identification of this Vinca alkaloid acceptor in multidrug
      resistant plasma cell membranes suggests the possibility of a direct functional
      role for the 150-180-kDa surface membrane protein in the development of multidrug
      resistance.

PMID- 3700390
TI  - Studies on the active site of succinyl-CoA:tetrahydrodipicolinate N
      succinyltransferase. Characterization using analogs of tetrahydrodipicolinate.
AB  - Cyclic and acyclic analogs of tetrahydrodipicolinate (THDPA) are evaluated in a
      study of the active site of succinyl-CoA:tetrahydrodipicolinate N
      succinyltransferase. In addition to the natural substrate, THDPA, one cyclic and
      several acyclic compounds are also succinylated. 2-Hydroxytetrahydropyran-2,6
      dicarboxylic acid is a potent competitive inhibitor having a Kis of 58 nM. Based
      on the results of this study, a stereochemical model for the succinylation of
      THDPA is proposed. The major features of this model are as follows. 1) The
      succinylase binds THDPA (L-configuration). 2) Hydration of the imine group
      follows to give 2-hydroxypiperidine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid in which the two
      carboxyl groups are trans. 3) Succinylation then occurs and the ring opens to
      give the acyclic product. It is suggested that 2-hydroxytetrahydropyran-2,6
      dicarboxylic acid is a transition state analog by virtue of the fact that it
      structurally resembles the hydrated intermediate.

PMID- 3700392
TI  - Structural characterization of cholylcoenzyme A:glycine-taurine N-acyltransferase
      and a covalent substrate intermediate.
AB  - Bile acid-CoA:glycine-taurine N-acyltransferase was found to catalyze a reaction
      in the absence of glycine or taurine in which the substrate cholyl-CoA is cleaved
      with the release of CoA and the formation of a covalently bound enzyme-cholate
      intermediate. This unstable intermediate was trapped by a rapid mixing and
      denaturation procedure. The denatured protein was digested with trypsin and the
      cholate-labeled tryptic peptide was isolated. This cholate-peptide is considered
      to originate from the active site region of the enzyme based on the following
      criteria: cholyl-CoA does not react with any of the 20 common amino acids, the
      hydrolysis of cholyl-CoA is known to occur on the enzyme, the lack of reaction of
      the enzyme with just cholate, and the fact that labeling is extensive even at low
      (substrate level) concentrations of cholyl-CoA. The isolated cholate-peptide was
      submitted to amino acid analysis. It contained 32 amino acid residues and was
      devoid of cysteine, methionine, and tyrosine. Amino acid analysis of the N
      acyltransferase was conducted. The enzyme was also shown to possess a blocked N
      terminus.

PMID- 3700391
TI  - Structural requirements for porphyrin inhibition of the hemin-controlled protein
      kinase and maintenance of protein synthesis in reticulocytes.
AB  - The role of hemin in the maintenance of protein synthesis in reticulocyte lysates
      was examined by comparing the effects of various porphyrins and metalloporphyrins
      on the protein kinase activity of the hemin-controlled repressor and on protein
      synthesis. The porphyrin requirements for maintenance of protein synthesis were
      relatively specific. Iron and cobalt metalloporphyrins sustained protein
      synthesis whereas other metalloporphyrins, metal-deficient porphyrins, and non
      porphyrin precursor and degradation products of protoporphyrin IX were
      ineffective. These same compounds were examined for their effectiveness in
      inhibiting the protein kinase activity of the hemin-controlled repressor with
      initiation factor 2 (eIF-2). Most of the metalloporphyrins and porphyrins tested
      were inhibitory. The presence of the iron atom in the porphyrin was not essential
      for inhibition, but the maintenance of the integrity of the porphyrin ring was
      imperative. The porphyrins which inhibited the hemin-regulated protein kinase
      contained vinyl groups or ethyl groups, or were protonated in the 2- and 4
      positions of the porphyrin ring, whereas those with bulky or acidic groups in
      these positions were ineffective. Precursor and degradation products of
      protoporphyrin IX and synthetic porphyrins modified at other positions had no
      effect on the enzyme. Both hemin and protoporphyrin IX inhibited phosphorylation
      of eIF-2 exogenously added to a reticulocyte lysate; however, hemin sustained
      protein synthesis in the lysate, whereas protoporphyrin IX did not. These results
      suggest that regulation of the protein kinase phosphorylating the alpha subunit
      of eIF-2 is not the only point at which hemin modulates protein synthesis in
      reticulocytes and reticulocyte lysates, since a correlation between inhibition of
      protein synthesis, inhibition of protein kinase activity, and phosphorylation of
      eIF-2 is not observed with all porphyrins.

PMID- 3700393
TI  - Fluorescent methotrexate labeling and flow cytometric analysis of cells
      containing low levels of dihydrofolate reductase.
AB  - Previous studies have demonstrated the usefulness of flow cytometry in the
      analysis of dihydrofolate reductase (EC 1.5.1.3) gene amplification. However,
      this powerful and potentially sensitive method for analyzing gene expression in
      individual cells has not seen widespread use. This is due in part to the
      difficulty of producing fluorescent methotrexate (Fluo-MTX), which is needed to
      label dihydrofolate reductase in vivo, in yields higher than 1% and of sufficient
      purity to give low nonspecific backgrounds by the published procedures. We have
      significantly improved the synthesis of Fluo-MTX to obtain rapidly a
      chromatographically pure product in 20% yields. In addition, we have found that
      cell volume is a variable which makes direct comparisons of fluorescence
      intensity between cell lines difficult. In order to circumvent this problem, we
      have improved flow cytometric analysis to measure the fluorescence specific
      intensity of individual cells. A survey of various cells commonly used for gene
      transfer shows a significant variability in the efficiency with which they are
      labeled with Fluo-MTX, which appears to be due to variations in their ability to
      transport this reagent.

PMID- 3700394
TI  - Reaction of rat liver glycine methyltransferase with 5'-p
      fluorosulfonylbenzoyladenosine.
AB  - Rat liver glycine methyltransferase is inactivated by 5'-p
      fluorosulfonylbenzoyladenosine (FSBA) in a pseudo-first order fashion at pH 7.5.
      The addition of dithiothreitol (20 mM) to the reaction mixture results in partial
      restoration of enzyme activity. A semilog plot of residual activity after
      dithiothreitol reactivation versus time is also linear, indicating that at least
      two essential residues are present on the enzyme and the modification of either
      of which causes total loss of activity. The inactivation is accompanied by
      incorporation of the radiolabel from adenine-labeled FSBA, but the amount of
      radioactivity fixed is not altered upon treatment with dithiothreitol. From this
      fact and the stoichiometry between the loss of dithiothreitol-sensitive activity
      and the number of sulfhydryl groups disappeared, it is suggested that the
      dithiothreitol-sensitive inactivation is the consequence of the FSBA-mediated
      formation of a disulfide between two sulfhydryl groups in close proximity.
      Although 4 mol of reagent are covalently bound per enzyme subunit, the kinetics
      of modification and inactivation show that the reaction at 1 residue, which is
      identified as tyrosine, is responsible for the dithiothreitol-insensitive
      inactivation. The substrate S-adenosylmethionine provides complete protection
      against both types of inactivation, but the dithiothreitol-insensitive
      inactivation is protected much more effectively with a Kd value comparable to the
      Km value. This suggests that the tyrosine is located at or near the active site
      of the methyltransferase.

PMID- 3700395
TI  - Purification and primary sequences of the major arginine-containing antifreeze
      glycopeptides from the fish Eleginus gracilis.
AB  - An Arg-containing antifreeze glycoprotein from the polar fish Eleginus gracilis
      was isolated, and the major components were purified to homogeneity. The general
      protocol for purification was chromatography of serum on DEAE-cellulose, followed
      by chromatography on a cation exchanger. DEAE-cellulose chromatography resulted
      in two fractions, A and B. Fraction A contained most of the antifreeze
      glycoprotein found in E. gracilis (approximately 80% by weight) and consisted of
      13 distinct components. Unlike antifreeze glycoproteins from other previously
      studied polar fish, Fraction A contained both low and high molecular weight
      antifreeze glycoprotein components. The two major components of Fraction A were
      sequenced and compared with the sequence of antifreeze glycoproteins 7 and 8 from
      both Boreogadus saida and Pagothenia borchgrevinki. The antifreeze glycoproteins
      from E. gracilis were shown to have a similar composition to those previously
      studied, except for an additional Ala-Arg dipeptide at the carbon terminal in the
      major components of Fraction A and the position of Pro in the low molecular
      weight components. The activity of E. gracilis antifreeze glycoproteins is the
      subject of a companion article (Burcham, T. S., Osuga, D. T., Yeh, Y., and
      Feeney, R. E. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 6390-6397).

PMID- 3700396
TI  - A kinetic description of antifreeze glycoprotein activity.
AB  - The antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGP) of polar fish have the ability to depress the
      freezing temperature of water approximately 500 times the amount expected based
      on the number of AFGP molecules in solution; yet AFGP solutions have a purely
      colligative melting point depression. The difference of solution melting and
      freezing temperatures is the antifreeze activity of AFGP. One characteristic of
      AFGP activity that requires further examination is the effect of concentration on
      antifreeze activity, especially whether the activity saturates at high
      concentrations or the measured activity increases ad infinitum. This study first
      surveys the activity of the various antifreeze components from both Pagothenia
      borchgrevinki and the Arg-containing antifreeze glycoprotein from Eleginus
      gracilis (EgAF). It was found that all AFGP components examined have a plateau in
      activity at high concentration, but the actual value of the plateau activity
      differs between the different length AFGP components and between AFGP and EgAF.
      While the low molecular weight components of both AFGP and EgAF lose activity at
      deep supercooling, at high concentration activity is restored. The activity data
      is then shown to fit a reversible kinetic model of AFGP activity, and the
      coefficients obtained are used to compare the activity differences between AFGP
      components and between AFGP and EgAF. The model is also shown to describe the
      activity of the antifreeze protein of the fish Pseudopleuronectes americanus and
      the thermal hysteresis protein of the insect, Tenebrio molitor.

PMID- 3700397
TI  - 3-Deazaguanosine is metabolized to the triphosphate derivative in Chinese hamster
      cells deficient in hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase.
AB  - 3-Deazaguanosine containing a 14C label in the ribose moiety was prepared using
      [U-14C]inosine as the [14C] ribose donor and commercial purine-nucleoside
      phosphorylase (EC 2.4.2.1) both to degrade the inosine, in the presence of
      phosphate, and to synthesize [14C-ribosyl]3-deazaguanosine in reduced phosphate
      and an excess of 3-deazaguanine. Purification was by high-pressure liquid
      chromatography (HPLC). [14C-ribosyl]3-Deazaguanosine was metabolized by Chinese
      hamster ovary cells to two metabolites, one major and one minor, eluting in the
      triphosphate region after HPLC analysis, and appeared to be incorporated into
      perchloric acid-insoluble material. Cell line TGR-3, deficient in hypoxanthine
      guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.8) and resistant to 3-deazaguanine,
      also formed both metabolites. Line TGR-1/DGRR-9, deficient in hypoxanthine
      guanine phosphoribosyltransferase and resistant to both 3-deazaguanine and 3
      deazaguanosine, formed greatly reduced levels of the major metabolite. 3
      Deazaguanosine 5'-triphosphate, prepared enzymically from authentic 3
      deazaguanosine 5'-monophosphate, co-eluted with the major metabolite peak during
      HPLC analysis. Treatment of a metabolite-containing extract with bacterial
      alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) resulted in the formation of 3-deazaguanosine.
      These observations indicate that 3-deazaguanosine can be metabolized, in Chinese
      hamster ovary cells, to the triphosphate derivative in lieu of the action of
      hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase.

PMID- 3700398
TI  - Cytochrome b561 spectral changes associated with electron transfer in chromaffin
      vesicle ghosts.
AB  - The involvement of cytochrome b561, an integral membrane protein, in electron
      transfer across chromaffin-vesicle membranes is confirmed by changes in its redox
      state observed as changes in the absorption spectrum occurring during electron
      transfer. In ascorbate-loaded chromaffin-vesicle ghosts, cytochrome b561 is
      nearly completely reduced and exhibits an absorption maximum at 561 nm. When
      ferricyanide is added to a suspension of these ghosts, the cytochrome becomes
      oxidized as indicated by the disappearance of the 561 nm absorption. If a small
      amount of ferricyanide is added, it becomes completely reduced by electron
      transfer from intravesicular ascorbate. When this happens, cytochrome b561
      returns to its reduced state. If an excess of ferricyanide is added, the
      intravesicular ascorbate becomes exhausted and the cytochrome b561 remains
      oxidized. The spectrum of these absorbance changes correlates with the difference
      spectrum (reduced-oxidized) of cytochrome b561. Cytochrome b561 becomes
      transiently oxidized when ascorbate oxidase is added to a suspension of ascorbate
      loaded ghosts. Since dehydroascorbate does not oxidize cytochrome b561, it is
      likely that oxidation is caused by semidehydroascorbate generated by ascorbate
      oxidase acting on free ascorbate. This suggests that cytochrome b561 can reduce
      semidehydroascorbate and supports the hypothesis that the function of cytochrome
      b561 in vivo is to transfer electrons into chromaffin vesicles to reduce internal
      semidehydroascorbate to ascorbate.

PMID- 3700399
TI  - The effect of anti-Z-DNA antibodies on the B-DNA-Z-DNA equilibrium.
AB  - Four different preparations of rabbit and goat anti-Z-DNA antibodies were
      examined to determine the effects of antibody binding on the B-DNA-Z-DNA
      equilibrium. One of the four antibodies, a goat IgG, caused a marked lowering in
      the ionic strength required for the B-DNA to Z-DNA transition in poly(dG-dC) X
      poly(dG-dC), shifting the midpoint from 2.25 to 2.0 M NaCl. This IgG had a more
      prominent high affinity antibody population than did the other goat IgG, which
      caused little change in the midpoint of this transition. The presence of anti-Z
      DNA antibodies also reduced the degree of negative supercoiling required for the
      formation of Z-DNA in (dG-dC)n sequences inserted into closed circular plasmid
      DNA. The goat IgG with the more marked effect on the salt-induced transition also
      had a greater effect in favoring Z-DNA formation in negatively supercoiled
      plasmids. A shift toward Z-DNA formation was observed in circular dichroism
      measurements upon antibody binding to poly(dG-dC) X poly(dG-dC) in very low ionic
      strength solution as well. We propose that the stabilization of Z-DNA by antibody
      binding in poly(dG-dC) X poly(dG-dC) occurs cooperatively, several antibody
      molecules binding to a single polymer molecule and stabilizing the entire
      molecule in Z-DNA through their combined binding energies. The stabilization of Z
      DNA by antibody binding in a supercoiled plasmid can be significant, and failure
      to consider this effect and to choose appropriate conditions for measurement can
      lead to errors in estimating when Z-DNA will form in response to negative
      supercoiling.

PMID- 3700400
TI  - The amino acid sequence of a delta 5-3-oxosteroid isomerase from Pseudomonas
      putida biotype B.
AB  - We have determined the primary structure of a delta 5-3-oxosteroid isomerase from
      Pseudomonas putida biotype B. The enzyme is a dimeric protein of two identical
      subunits, each consisting of a polypeptide chain of 131 residues and a Mr =
      14,536. The intact S-carboxymethyl protein was sequenced from the NH2 terminus
      using standard automated Edman degradation and automated Edman degradation using
      fluorescamine treatment at known prolines to suppress background. The isomerase
      was fragmented using CNBr, trypsin, iodosobenzoic acid, and acid cleavage at
      aspartyl-prolyl peptide bonds. The peptides resulting from each fragmentation
      were separated by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography and
      sequenced by automated Edman degradation. The full sequence was deduced by the
      overlapping of the various peptides. A search for homologous proteins was
      performed. Only the oxosteroid isomerase from Pseudomonas testosteroni, an
      expected homology, was found to be similar. Comparison of the two proteins shows
      that the region of strongest homology is the region containing the aspartic acid
      at which steroidal affinity and photoaffinity reagents have been shown to react
      in the P. testosteroni isomerase. The P. putida isomerase contains 3 cysteines
      and 2 tryptophans, whereas the P. testosteroni isomerase lacks these amino acids.
      The two proteins are not highly conserved.

PMID- 3700401
TI  - The effect of methotrexate on intracellular folate pools in human MCF-7 breast
      cancer cells. Evidence for direct inhibition of purine synthesis.
AB  - This report details the effects of methotrexate on the intracellular folate pools
      of the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. To achieve this goal, we designed a
      high-pressure liquid chromatography system capable of separating the physiologic
      folates. The folate pools were quantitated following growth and equilibration in
      2.25 microM radiolabeled folic acid. Each of the intracellular folates was
      identified by coelution with standard folates and by chemical/biochemical tests
      unique to each of the various folates. The 10-formyl-H4PteGlu (where H4PteGlu
      represents dl-tetrahydrofolic acid) pool accounted for 20.5% of the total
      intracellular folate pool in untreated cells, whereas 5-formyl-H4PteGlu and
      H4PteGlu accounted for 6.5 and 10.6%, respectively. The levels of these three
      folates remained stable throughout cell growth. The 5-methyl-H4PteGlu pool
      accounted for less than 10% in early growth phase cells but assumed greater than
      60% of the total pool by the mid- and late-log phases of cell growth. When the
      MCF-7 cells were exposed to 1 microM methotrexate, de novo purine synthesis and
      de novo thymidylate synthesis were rapidly inhibited to less than 20% of control
      within 3 h. During this time period, rapid alterations in the folate pools also
      occurred such that dihydrofolic acid levels rose from less than 1% in untreated
      cells to greater than 30% of the total pool. This rise was accompanied by a
      parallel fall in 5-methyl-H4PteGlu. H4PteGlu and 5-formyl-H4PteGlu were
      undetectable following 2 h of methotrexate exposure, but 10-formyl-H4PteGlu, the
      required cosubstrate for de novo purine synthesis, was preserved at greater than
      80% of pretreatment values following a 1 microM methotrexate exposure of up to 21
      h. The rapid inhibition of de novo purine synthesis in these cells following
      methotrexate exposure coupled with a relatively preserved 10-formyl-H4PteGlu pool
      suggests direct inhibition of this synthetic pathway by the temporally coincident
      accumulation of dihydrofolic acid and/or methotrexate polyglutamates. This
      inhibition cannot be ascribed to depletion of the folate cofactor 10-formyl
      H4PteGlu.

PMID- 3700402
TI  - Studies on the quaternary structure of class I major histocompatibility complex
      antigens. Effect of different agents on the interaction between subunits.
AB  - The effect of temperature, urea, guanidine HCl, ionic and nonionic detergents,
      organic solvents, chaotropic salts, pH, and divalent cations has been
      investigated on purified human histocompatibility antigens solubilized by papain
      (HLApap) or solubilized by sodium cholate (HLAchol). HLApap and HLAchol are
      fairly stable proteins to agents acting predominantly on hydrogen bonds
      (temperature, urea) or hydrophobic forces (ionic and nonionic detergents).
      However, agents which affect ionic interactions (pH, salts, divalent cations)
      dissociate the molecules into subunits. A single binding site for beta 2
      microglobulin with an affinity constant of 1.0 X 10(7) M-1 was found for the
      alpha chain of HLAchol. The dissociated subunits can be separated by affinity
      chromatography on Sepharose-rabbit IgG anti-human beta 2-microglobulin and
      reassociate in vitro when incubated under the appropriate conditions. The results
      point toward an important role of ionic interactions between subunits in the
      stabilization of the quaternary structure of HLA.

PMID- 3700403
TI  - The possible role of disulfide bond reduction in transformation of the 10 S
      androgen receptor.
AB  - Dissociation of the 10 S androgen receptor to 8, 6, and 4.5 S forms was dependent
      on temperature, the reducing and ionic environment, and the binding of androgen.
      The [3H]dihydrotestosterone-labeled 10 S receptor was observed at low ionic
      strength using rat Dunning prostate tumor cytosol freshly prepared in the absence
      of an exogenous sulfhydryl reducing agent. Addition of mercaptoethanol caused 10
      S receptor dissociation to 8 S following incubation at 0 degrees C for 30 min, to
      6 S after a 30-min incubation at 23 degrees C at low ionic strength, and to 4.5 S
      at high ionic strength. Mercaptoethanol-induced dissociation required binding of
      [3H]dihydrotestosterone. Treatment with cupric phenanthroline, a disulfide
      forming reagent, stabilized the 10 S receptor in 0.4 M KCl, but the receptor
      remained sensitive to dissociation by mercaptoethanol. Zn2+ (25 microM) and
      sodium molybdate (10 mM) also stabilized the 10 S receptor. A Stokes radius of 96
      +/- 5 A was determined for the 10 S receptor by Sepharose-6B chromatography, with
      a calculated Mr of 396,000. The 10 S receptor was not retained by DNA-Sepharose,
      while dissociated forms displayed binding affinity for DNA. It is proposed that
      the 10 S receptor represents the nontransformed androgen receptor, composed of
      the 4.5 S steroid binding units plus a nonsteroid binding protein, perhaps in a
      tetrameric configuration. Binding of dihydrotestosterone appears to sensitize the
      10 S receptor to disulfide bond reduction, resulting in transformation by subunit
      dissociation.

PMID- 3700404
TI  - Properties of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase bound to and separated from the
      dihydrolipoyl transacetylase-protein X subcomplex and evidence for binding of the
      kinase to protein X.
AB  - Studies were conducted on four pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-containing
      fractions: purified pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, the dihydrolipoyl
      transacetylase-protein X-kinase subcomplex (E2.X.K), a kinase fraction (K
      fraction) prepared from the E2.X.K subcomplex, and a kinase fraction generated by
      limited trypsin-digestion of E2.X.K. We characterized the gel electrophoresis
      properties of dissociated subunits (one-dimensional and two-dimensional), the
      catalytic and ATP binding properties of kinase-containing fractions, and the
      subunit requirements for kinase binding to and being activated by the
      transacetylase-protein X subcomplex (E2.X). A significant portion of protein X
      was retained with the transacetylase core following release of virtually all the
      kinase. The K fraction had four major bands separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      slab gel electrophoresis which corresponded to the dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase,
      protein X, the trypsin-resistant catalytic subunit of the kinase and a
      chymotrypsin-resistant subunit which had a high pI and comigrated in one
      dimensional systems with the chymotrypsin-sensitive alpha-subunit of the pyruvate
      dehydrogenase component. While purified kidney complex contained only about three
      molecules of kinase (determined by [14C]ATP binding), one molecule of E2.X
      subcomplex activated a large number (greater than 15) molecules of kinase
      associated with the protein X-containing K fraction. Sephadex G-200
      chromatography of the K fraction in the presence of dithiothreitol led to
      coelution of protein X and kinase subunits. Limited trypsin digestion converted
      the transacetylase into subdomains and cleaved protein X and the high pI subunit
      of the kinase. Under those conditions, the intact catalytic subunit of the kinase
      did not bind to the large inner domain of the transacetylase but could be
      activated by untreated E2.X subcomplex. Thus, binding of the catalytic subunit of
      the kinase and its activation by E2.X required either protein X or the lipoyl
      bearing outer domain of the transacetylase. In combination, our results suggest
      that protein X serves to anchor the kinase to the core of the complex.

PMID- 3700405
TI  - Protein crystal growth. Growth kinetics for tetragonal lysozyme crystals.
AB  - A method for immobilizing protein crystals has been devised for determining face
      growth rates, and used to investigate the growth kinetics of hen egg white
      lysozyme crystals. Growth rates were determined at 22 degrees C in 0.1 M sodium
      acetate, 5% NaCl, pH 4.0, on the visually identified (110) face of tetragonal
      lysozyme crystals. Protein concentrations ranged from 13 to 57 mg/ml (saturation
      concentration = 1.7 mg/ml). Growth rate data were fit to the equation R = kappa
      sigma ri, where R = rate in cm/s; kappa = constant; sigma i = solute growth
      interface supersaturation; and r = rate dependence upon super-saturation, with
      the result that kappa = 0.146 X 10(-8) cm/s and r = 2.0. A model of the growth
      process was developed and the experimental data were used to determine the
      relative roles of transport and interfacial kinetics in the growth of this
      crystal. Values for the width of the boundary layer delta, the interfacial
      concentration Ci, and growth rate R were determined. The model may be used to
      extrapolate to other growth conditions. The relative role of transport and
      interfacial kinetics can be expressed by the coefficient gamma = (CB - Ci)/(CB -
      Cs), when CB is the bulk concentration and Cs the saturation. Values for gamma
      were found to range from much less than 0.1 for submicron-size crystals to
      approximately 0.15 for cm sizes. The results indicate that attachment or surface
      effects are rate-limiting in lysozyme crystal growth in Earth's gravity because
      solutal convection always provides more transport of solute than can be
      accommodated by the interface. In order to grow such crystals under transport
      limiting conditions, it would be necessary to suppress this solutal convection.

PMID- 3700406
TI  - Phenylalanine transport at the human blood-brain barrier. Studies with isolated
      human brain capillaries.
AB  - The exquisite sensitivity of brain amino acid availability to changes in plasma
      amino acid composition arises from the uniquely high affinity (low Km) of blood
      brain barrier transport sites as compared to cell membrane transport systems in
      nonbrain tissues. The extension of this paradigm from rats to man assumes that
      the Km of blood-brain barrier amino acid transport in the human is low as in the
      rat. This hypothesis is tested in the present studies wherein isolated human
      brain capillaries are used as a model system for the human blood-brain barrier.
      Capillaries were obtained from autopsy brain between 20 and 45 h after death and
      were isolated in high yield and free of adjoining brain tissue. [3H]Phenylalanine
      transport into the isolated human, rabbit, or rat brain capillary was
      characterized by two saturable transport systems and a nonsaturable component.
      The Km values of phenylalanine transport into brain capillaries via the two
      saturable systems averaged 0.26 +/- 0.08 and 22.3 +/- 7.1 microM for five human
      subjects. These studies provide the first evidence for a very high affinity (Km =
      0.26 microM) neutral amino acid transport system at the blood-brain barrier, and
      it is hypothesized that this system is selectively localized to the brain side of
      the blood-brain barrier. The results also show that the transport Km values for
      phenylalanine transport are virtually identical at both the rat and human blood
      brain barrier.

PMID- 3700407
TI  - Complex regulation of collagen gene expression in cultured bovine aortic smooth
      muscle cells.
AB  - Cultured bovine aortic smooth muscle cells display an increase in production of
      type I and type III collagen as a function of the number of days in second
      passage (Beldekas, J. C., Gerstenfeld, L. C., Sonenshein, G. E., and Franzblau,
      C. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 12552-12556). In this study, we report that the
      regulation of these events is highly complex and relates to the growth state of
      the cells. Cultures, seeded at 1.5 X 10(6) cells/75-cm2 flask, produced very
      little collagenous protein early when the cells were proliferating rapidly. As
      they approached confluence at day 6, collagen synthesis began to increase.
      Maximal collagen synthesis was observed at day 14. In contrast, the levels of the
      mRNAs for type I and type III collagen increased only up to the 10th day and
      thereafter decreased. Cell-free translation analyses indicated that the
      translational activity of the collagen mRNAs was increasing over the time course.
      These results suggest that both translational and pretranslational sites are
      involved in the control of collagen production by aortic smooth muscle cells, and
      that collagen synthesis is inversely related to the proliferative state of the
      cells in culture.

PMID- 3700408
TI  - Phosphorylation of a chromaffin granule-binding protein in stimulated chromaffin
      cells.
AB  - A procedure was devised to determine whether in the stimulated chromaffin cell
      phosphate is incorporated into specific proteins ("chromobindins") that bind to
      chromaffin granule membranes in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Cells were preincubated
      with 32P-labeled orthophosphate, then challenged with secretory stimuli. A
      postmicrosomal supernatant fraction was prepared from the cells and incubated
      with unlabeled chromaffin granule membranes in the presence of 5 mM Ca2+.
      Proteins that bound to the membranes were isolated by centrifugation and examined
      for 32P content by electrophoresis and autoradiography. Stimulation by
      carbamylcholine, nicotine, 56 mM K+, or 2 mM Ba2+ led to the incorporation of 32P
      into a 37-kDa protein that had previously been characterized as a substrate for
      protein kinase C in vitro (chromobindin 9, or CB9; Summers, T. A., and Creutz, C.
      E. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 2437-2443). Incorporation of 32P into this protein
      was dependent on extracellular Ca2+ and followed a time course that paralleled
      secretion of catecholamines, returning to base-line levels after 30 min, when
      secretion terminated. 32P was also incorporated into a 58-kDa protein that may be
      tyrosine hydroxylase and into an unidentified 28-kDa protein in response to cell
      stimulation, but neither of these proteins bound to granule membranes in a Ca2+
      dependent manner. Treatment of cells with phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate, an activator
      of protein kinase C, led to 32P incorporation into the 37-kDa protein that was
      only 30% of the level obtained with nicotinic stimulation, suggesting that
      additional kinases may be involved in phosphorylating this protein in the
      stimulated cell.

PMID- 3700409
TI  - Characterization of a DNA primase from rat liver mitochondria.
AB  - A DNA primase was partially purified from rat liver mitochondria and separated
      from the bulk of DNA polymerase gamma and mtRNA polymerase by heparin-agarose
      chromatography. The primase was distinguished from mtRNA polymerase by its
      response to pH, monoand divalent cations, and ATP concentrations. In the absence
      of an active DNA polymerase and using poly(dT) as template, primase synthesized
      mixed polynucleotide products consisting of units of oligo(A) 1-12 alternating
      with units of oligo(dA)25-40. Contributions to these products by contaminating
      DNA polymerase gamma were eliminated by the addition of dideoxy-ATP. Addition of
      50 microM dATP to the primase reaction caused a 50% inhibition of AMP
      incorporation as compared to reactions containing low levels of dATP present only
      as a contaminant of the ATP added. The inhibition was due primarily to a
      reduction of new chain initiations. The dATP did not "lock" the primase reaction
      into the DNA mode of synthesis since the proportion of internal and 3'-terminal
      RNA segments was little affected. However, the addition of both 50 microM dATP
      and exogenous DNA polymerase to the primase reaction greatly reduced the amount
      of internal and 3'-terminal RNA segments, presumably due to the displacement of
      primase by DNA polymerase. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis (Hu, S.
      Z., Wang, T.S.-F., and Korn, D. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 2602-2609) that the
      physiologically significant primer is a mixed 5'-oligoribonucleotide-3'
      oligodeoxyribonucleotide and that the formation of the RNA to DNA junction is
      inherently a primase function.

PMID- 3700410
TI  - A multiprotein form of DNA polymerase alpha from HeLa cells. Resolution of its
      associated catalytic activities.
AB  - The majority of the DNA polymerase alpha activity in HeLa cells has been isolated
      and purified as a multiprotein Mr 640,000 form. The multiprotein form of DNA
      polymerase alpha corresponds to DNA polymerase alpha 2 that was previously
      reported by us (Lamothe, P., Baril, B., Chi, A., Lee, L., and Baril, E. (1981)
      Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 78, 4723-4727). The highly purified DNA
      polymerase alpha 2 has in addition to DNA polymerase alpha-associated DNase,
      primase, and diadenosine 5',5"'-P1,P4-tetraphosphate (Ap4A)binding activities and
      accessory primer recognition proteins C1 and C2. The DNA polymerase alpha and
      associated activities increase coordinately during the G1/S-phase transition of
      the cell cycle. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic
      analysis of the electrophoretically homogeneous DNA polymerase alpha shows that
      it is composed of at least eight polypeptides in the molecular weight range of
      180,000-15,000. Hydrophobic chromatography on butyl-agarose resolves the DNase
      and Ap4A-binding protein from a complex of DNA polymerase alpha, primase, and the
      primer recognition proteins C1 and C2. Hydrophobic chromatography of the latter
      complex on phenyl-Sepharose resolves the C1 protein from a DNA polymerase alpha
      C2 protein-primase complex. Phosphocellulose chromatography of the DNA polymerase
      primase-C2 protein complex resolves the C2 protein from a complex of DNA
      polymerase alpha-primase.

PMID- 3700411
TI  - Control of gene expression by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Multiple
      dioxin-responsive domains 5'-ward of the cytochrome P1-450 gene.
AB  - In mouse hepatoma cells, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) stimulates
      cytochrome P1-450 gene transcription via the formation of TCDD-receptor complexes
      and the accumulation of the complexes in the nucleus. Here, we show that the DNA
      that flanks the 5'-end of the cytochrome P1-450 gene contains at least two
      discrete TCDD-responsive domains. Each domain has properties analogous to those
      of transcriptional enhancers. Each domain requires TCDD-receptor complexes for
      its function. There is no significant nucleotide sequence homology between the
      two TCDD-responsive domains.

PMID- 3700412
TI  - Fluorescence quenching of cytochrome b5 in vesicles with an asymmetric
      transbilayer distribution of brominated phosphatidylcholine.
AB  - Several fluorescence techniques have been used to estimate the depth, in the
      membrane, of the endogenous tryptophans of membrane-bound proteins. We reported
      recently the use of phosphatidylcholines specifically brominated at different
      positions of the sn-2 acyl chain for this purpose (Markello, T., Zlotnick, A.,
      Everett, J., Tennyson, J., and Holloway, P. W. (1985) Biochemistry 24, 2895
      2901). The membranes made from these brominated lipids will have the brominated
      lipid in both monolayers, and so the estimated depth of the fluorophore will be
      relative to either the inner or outer surface of the membrane, but will not
      distinguish between these two extremes. To differentiate between these two models
      vesicles have now been made with an asymmetric distribution of brominated lipid,
      by use of phosphatidylcholine exchange protein. The asymmetric vesicles were
      isolated by virtue of their density, and their asymmetry was established by
      addition of an amphipathic fluorescent carbazole compound. With these vesicles it
      was shown that the tryptophan in the membrane-binding domain of cytochrome b5
      which is quenched by bromolipid is located 0.7 nm below the outer surface of the
      membrane vesicles, rather than 0.7 nm from the inner surface.

PMID- 3700413
TI  - 3-Methylene-substituted androgens as novel aromatization inhibitors. Evidence of
      a requirement for C-3 oxygen in C-19 hydroxylations.
AB  - Substitution of a methylene group for the C-3 oxygen in androstenedione,
      testosterone, and the corresponding 19-hydroxy and 19-oxo derivatives results in
      a new category of inhibitors of estrogen biosynthesis by human placental
      microsomes. The inhibition is of the competitive type with the most effective
      inhibitors being the 17-ketonic compounds, 3-methyleneandrost-4-en-17-one, 19
      hydroxy-3-methyleneandrost-4-en-17-one, and 3-methylene-19-oxoandrost-4-en-17-one
      with apparent Ki values of 4.7, 13, and 24 nM, respectively. The 3-methylene
      derivatives of androstenedione and 19-hydroxyandrostenedione were effective
      substrates for the placental microsomal 17 beta-hydroxy-steroid oxidoreductase
      but were only marginally hydroxylated at the C-19 position to the respective 19
      hydroxy and 19-oxo derivatives. The 3-methylene analogs are thus competitive
      inhibitors of aromatization but are not substrates for this enzyme complex. Time
      dependent inhibition of aromatization by 10 beta-difluoromethylestr-4-ene-3,17
      dione and 10 beta-(2-propynyl)estr-4-ene,3,17-dione was abolished by substitution
      of a methylene function for the C-3 oxygen, suggesting that the presence of an
      oxygen at C-3 is required for an oxidative transformation at C-19, an initial
      step in aromatization. The essential role of the C-19 hydroxylation in
      aromatization is supported by the observation that the 3-methylene derivatives of
      19-hydroxy- and 19-oxoandrostenedione showed time-dependent inhibition, but the
      corresponding 19-methyl compound did not. The 3-methylene androgens are potent
      inhibitors of placental aromatization but are themselves only marginal substrates
      for the enzyme. Their high affinity for and inertness to the placental aromatase
      complex makes them valuable probes of the aromatization process.

PMID- 3700414
TI  - Glucose deprivation and hexose transporter polypeptides of murine fibroblasts.
AB  - The effect of Glc deprivation (starvation) on hexose transporter (GT)
      polypeptide(s) (pp) was studied in 3T3-C2 murine fibroblasts. Cells deprived of
      Glc exhibit 5-fold increases in hexose transport and Glc-displaceable
      cytochalasin B binding. Immunoblots of membranes reveal a Mr 55,000 GT pp in fed
      (4 g of Glc/liter) cells and Mr 55,000 and Mr 42,000 GT pp in starved cells. A 10
      40-fold increase in total GT pp occurs upon Glc deprivation; part of this
      accumulation (2-5-fold) is in the Mr 55,000 GT pp, and the remaining increase is
      in the Mr 42,000 GT pp. During the first 12 h of Glc deprivation only the Mr
      55,000 GT pp accumulates. At later times (24-72 h) the Mr 42,000 GT pp appears
      and constitutes a larger fraction of the total accumulation. Similarly, the Glc
      concentration dependence of these phenomena reveals that the Mr 55,000 GT pp
      accumulates at higher concentrations of Glc (less than or equal to g/liter) than
      the Mr 42,000 GT pp (less than or equal to 0.5 g/liter). Using alternative
      nutrients, sugar analogs, and inhibitors we observed that the accumulation of
      total GT pp is dependent upon both hexose phosphate metabolism and the
      interaction of substrate with the GT. The role(s) of oligosaccharide
      biosynthesis, protein synthesis, and the transport process itself in the Glc
      deprivation-induced accumulation of GT pp were examined. The appearance of the Mr
      42,000 GT pp but not the Mr 55,000 GT pp was dependent upon protein synthesis.
      The Glc deprivation-induced accumulation of GT pp is reversible upon refeeding
      with Glc (4 g/liter, 12 h). This reversal was dependent upon protein synthesis.
      The electrophoretic mobility of the Mr 42,000 GT pp is similar to the GT pp
      observed after tunicamycin treatment. The Mr 55,000 but not the Mr 42,000 GT pp
      binds specifically to agarose-bound wheat germ agglutinin and is sensitive to
      endoglycosidase F digestion. Oligosaccharide-stripped GT pp and the Mr 42,000 GT
      pp have the same Mr. The results suggest that the accumulation of total GT pp
      induced by Glc deprivation is partially independent of the effect of Glc
      deprivation on glycoprotein biogenesis. The appearance of the Mr 42,000 GT pp
      with aglyco characteristics is the result of the latter. The accumulation of
      total GT pp, however, is the result of a specialized and sensitive adaptation of
      the cell to Glc deprivation. The GT pp synthesized during chronic Glc deprivation
      has an Mr of 42,000; fed cells synthesize the Mr 55,000 GT pp. Neither the level
      of in vitro translatable GT mRNA nor the rate of GT pp synthesis are increased by
      Glc deprivation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3700415
TI  - Phycobiliprotein-bilin linkage diversity. II. Structural studies on A- and D-ring
      linked phycoerythrobilins.
AB  - The discovery that the phycocyanobilin group attached to Cys-155 of the beta
      subunit of C-phycocyanin is D-ring linked (Bishop, J. E., Lagarias, J. C., Nagy,
      J. O., Schoenleber, R. W., Rapoport, H., Klotz, A. V., and Glazer, A. N. (1986)
      J. Biol. Chem. 261, 6790-6796) prompted examination of the linkage mode for
      phycoerythrobilin (PEB) groups attached at the corresponding position in other
      biliproteins. Appropriate small peptides were obtained by exhaustive enzymatic
      digestion of Porphyridium cruentum R-phycocyanin (peptide R-PC beta-2TP PEB) and
      B-phycoerythrin (peptide B-PE beta-2TP PEB). These peptides had the following
      structures R-PC beta-2TP PEB Gly-Asp-Cys(PEB)-Ser-Ser B-PE beta-2TP PEB Cys(PEB)
      Thr-Ser. The spectroscopic and chemical properties of these peptides were
      compared with those of P. cruentum B-phycoerythrin peptide alpha-1 PEB, Cys(PEB)
      Tyr-Arg, in which the bilin is A-ring linked (Schoenleber, R. W., Leung, S.-L.,
      Lundell, D. J., Glazer, A. N., and Rapoport, H. (1983) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 105,
      4072-4076). The PEB groups in peptides R-PC beta-2TP PEB and B-PE beta-2TP PEB
      were shown to be D-ring linked on the basis of the following criteria. Secondary
      ion mass spectrometry showed the bilins in these peptides and in alpha-1 PEB to
      have the same mass. The 18'-CH3, 18'-H, and 15-H resonances in the 1H NMR spectra
      of R-PC beta-2TP PEB and B-PE beta-2TP PEB appear significantly upfield from the
      corresponding thioether-linked ring A resonances seen in the spectrum of peptide
      alpha-1 PEB. The CD spectra of the two former peptides showed a strong positive
      Cotton effect at 300 nm. Such a Cotton effect is absent from the CD spectrum of
      peptide alpha-1 PEB and those of other A-ring-linked PEB peptides. Refluxing in
      methanol led to a near-quantitative release of PEB from alpha-1 PEB but no
      release from R-PC beta-2TP PEB and less than 20% release from B-PE beta-2TP PEB.
      In conjunction with earlier studies, these results show that distinctive amino
      acid sequences are found about the attachment sites for A-ring-linked, D-ring
      linked, and dilinked (A- and D-ring-linked) bilins on the alpha and beta subunits
      of cyanobacterial and red algal phycobiliproteins and that the mode of linkage
      can be correctly predicted from inspection of the amino acid sequence.

PMID- 3700416
TI  - Reaction of acetaldehyde with hemoglobin.
AB  - Acetaldehyde reacted with hemoglobin at neutral pH and 37 degrees C to form
      adducts that were stable to dialysis and that were not reduced by sodium
      borohydride. Hemoglobin tetramers having 2, 3, and probably 4 molar eq of bound
      aldehyde were isolated by cation exchange chromatography. The sites of attachment
      of the aldehyde were the free amino groups of the N-terminal valine residues of
      the alpha and beta chains of hemoglobin. Derivatization of the beta chains caused
      a greater increase in the acidity of the hemoglobin than did derivatization of
      the alpha chains. Derivatization of the beta chains was also preferred over that
      of the alpha chains. Acetaldehyde derivatives of the N-terminal octapeptide of
      hemoglobin S (beta sT-1 peptide), Val-Gly-Gly, and tetraglycine were formed
      readily, contained 1 M eq of acetaldehyde/mol of peptide, and were not reduced by
      sodium borohydride. In contrast, Ala-Pro-Gly failed to form a 1:1 adduct with
      acetaldehyde. 13C NMR analysis of the peptide adducts formed with [1,2
      13C]acetaldehyde indicated that tetrahedral diastereomeric derivatives were
      produced. The 13C chemical shifts of the adducts formed between hemoglobin and
      [1,2-13C]acetaldehyde were identical to those of the peptide adducts although
      resonances from the individual diastereomeric adducts at each hemoglobin site
      could not be resolved. The results cited above as well as other evidence indicate
      that acetaldehyde reacts with the amino termini of hemoglobin to form stable
      cyclic imidazolidinone derivatives. An exchange of acetaldehyde residues between
      peptides was also documented.

PMID- 3700417
TI  - Translocation of cytosolic acetylcholine into synaptic vesicles and demonstration
      of vesicular release.
AB  - The rate of translocation of newly synthesized acetylcholine (ACh) from the
      presynaptic cytosol of Torpedo electric organ nerve terminals into synaptic
      vesicles and the extent to which ACh release from these neurons is mediated by a
      vesicular mechanism were investigated. For this purpose the compound 2(4
      phenylpiperidino)cyclohexanol (AH5183), which inhibits the active transport of
      ACh into isolated cholinergic synaptic vesicles, was employed. Preincubation of
      purified Torpedo nerve terminals (synaptosomes) with AH5183 does not affect the
      intraterminal synthesis of [3H]ACh but results in a marked inhibition (85%) of
      its Ca2+-dependent K+-evoked release. By contrast, the evoked release of the
      endogenous nonlabeled ACh is not affected by this compound. When AH5183 is added
      during radiolabeling, it causes a progressively smaller inhibition of [3H]ACh
      release which is completely abolished if the drug is added after the preparation
      has been labeled. These findings suggest that most of the newly synthesized
      synaptosomal [3H]ACh (85%) is released by a vesicular mechanism and that some
      [3H]ACh (15%) may be released by a different process. The translocation of
      cytosolic [3H]ACh into the synaptic vesicles was monitored by determining the
      time course of the loss of susceptibility of [3H]ACh release to AH5183. It was
      found not to be coupled kinetically to [3H]ACh synthesis and to lag behind it.
      The nature of the intraterminal processes underlying this lag is discussed.

PMID- 3700418
TI  - Activation of 2-5A-dependent RNase by analogs of 2-5A (5'-O
      triphosphoryladenylyl(2'----5')adenylyl(2'----5')adenosine ) using 2',5'
      tetraadenylate (core)-cellulose.
AB  - A variety of 2-5A (px(A2'p)nA; x = 2 or 3, n greater than or equal to 2) analogs
      were assayed for their abilities to activate murine 2-5A-dependent RNase
      (subsequently "the nuclease") using a recently developed method. This technique
      consists of immobilizing and partially purifying the nuclease using core
      cellulose [A2'p)3A-cellulose) and then monitoring the breakdown of poly(U)-3'
      [32P]Cp into acid-soluble fragments. Several 5'-adenosinecapped analogs of 2-5A
      (containing a tetra-, tri-, or diphosphate) were analyzed, and it was found that
      reducing the number of phosphoryl groups between the 5' to 5'-diadenosine
      linkages resulted in a progressive loss of activity. Because A5' pppp(A2'p)3A was
      a potent activator of the nuclease yet stable during the assay these results
      suggested that a free 5'-phosphoryl group may not be required for the activation
      of the nuclease. A number of 8-bromoadenosine-substituted analogs of 2-5A were
      also studied. Curiously, the brominations decreased the activities of the 5'-di-
      and triphosphorylated molecules while substantially increasing the activities of
      the 5'-monophosphorylated species. The results indicated that a tri- or
      diphosphate moiety on the 5'-end of 2-5A or the presence of ATP is not absolutely
      required for the nuclease to be active. Furthermore, the ATP analog, beta, gamma
      methylene ATP, did not inhibit the activity of the nuclease. Finally, a 3',5'
      phosphodiester linkage isomer of 2-5A and a 3'-deoxy (cordycepin) analog of 2-5A
      were tested, and both were found to be completely without activity.

PMID- 3700419
TI  - Regulation of catabolism of microinjected ribonuclease A. Identification of
      residues 7-11 as the essential pentapeptide.
AB  - We have identified a pentapeptide region of microinjected ribonuclease A that is
      required for enhanced degradation of this protein during serum withdrawal. We
      introduced reductively methylated [3H]ribonuclease A, [3H]ribonuclease S-protein
      (residues 21-124), and [3H]ribonuclease S-peptide (residues 1-20) into the
      cytosol of human fibroblasts by red cell-mediated microinjection and osmotic
      lysis of pinosomes. The degradative rates of ribonuclease A and ribonuclease S
      peptide are increased 2-fold upon withdrawal of serum, while catabolism of
      ribonuclease S-protein is not regulated in this manner. Certain fragments of
      ribonuclease S-peptide are also degraded in a serum-dependent fashion (residues 1
      14 and 4-13), while other fragments are not (residues 1-10 and 2-8).
      [3H]Ribonuclease S-peptide is cleaved into two smaller radioactive peptides
      during loading into red cell ghosts. We tentatively identified the larger
      fragment as residues 7-11 based on its molecular weight determined by Sephadex
      chromatography in the presence of 8 M urea combined with sequential Edman
      degradation to identify the position of radioactive lysines. The smaller peptide
      fragment appears to be the amino-terminal dipeptide, Lys-Glu, and/or residues 7
      8, Lys-Phe. After microinjection into fibroblasts, the pentapeptide is degraded
      at an enhanced rate in the absence of serum, while degradation of the dipeptide
      is not affected. We confirmed that residues 7-11 constitute the larger hydrolysis
      product of S-peptide by synthesizing this pentapeptide and radiolabeling it by
      reductive methylation. It migrated at the expected position after Sephadex
      chromatography in 8 M urea and was further hydrolyzed only slightly during
      loading into red cells. Finally, degradation of this pentapeptide after injection
      into fibroblasts was enhanced 2-fold upon serum withdrawal. These results,
      combined with our other recent studies (McElligott, M. A., Miao, P., and Dice, J.
      F. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 11986-11993), suggest that the pentapeptide, Lys
      Phe-Glu-Arg-Gln, targets microinjected ribonuclease A to lysosomes for enhanced
      degradation during serum deprivation.

PMID- 3700420
TI  - Implications of distinct inhibitory effects of N-acetylglucosamine on glucose
      uptake by an isolated perfusion system incorporating erythrocytes with livers
      from fed and 48-hour fasted rats.
AB  - Net glucose uptake in a perfusion system including erythrocytes and isolated
      livers from fed rats was inhibited by N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), a competitive
      inhibitor of glucokinase. Net glucose uptake also occurred in the system
      incorporating livers from 48-h fasted rats, but its inhibition by GlcNAc did not.
      This distinction could not be explained on the basis of a different sensitivity
      of glucokinase from fasted compared with fed rats to inhibition by GlcNAc. Nor
      could it be rationalized based on several other hepatic enzymes possibly involved
      in glucose utilization or production. Because erythrocytes were included in our
      system, other explanations were sought related to the total enzymic environment.
      The involvement of an indirect pathway including glycolysis of glucose to lactate
      in erythrocytes followed by conversion of this lactate to glucose-6-P and then
      glycogen in liver was considered. This pathway contributed no more than 17% to
      total net glucose uptake in the system incorporating livers from fed rats. This
      per cent contribution increased when hepatic glucokinase was reduced by fasting
      or through inhibition by GlcNAc. However, it was too small to explain observed
      overall rates of net glucose uptake. We propose that the presence of erythrocytes
      may also promote a greater net glucose uptake by the direct hepatic pathway. An
      enhanced inhibition of hepatic glucose-6-P hydrolysis by some intermediate
      metabolite generated in the presence of lactate infusion from erythrocytes may
      promote net glucose uptake independently of the mechanism of residual hepatic
      glucose phosphorylation. This may explain why we and others who have employed
      liver perfusion systems including erythrocytes have seen greater net glucose
      uptake than have workers using systems devoid of erythrocytes.

PMID- 3700421
TI  - Oxidation of benzo(a)pyrene by extracellular ligninases of Phanerochaete
      chrysosporium. Veratryl alcohol and stability of ligninase.
AB  - Benzo(a)pyrene was oxidized with crude and purified extracellular ligninase
      preparations from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Both the crude enzyme and the
      purified fractions oxidized the substrate to three organic soluble products,
      namely benzo(a)pyrene 1,6-, 3,6-, and 6,12-quinones. These findings support the
      recent proposition that lignin-degrading enzymes are peroxidases, mediating
      oxidation of aromatic compounds via aryl cation radicals. The ligninase which was
      unstable in the presence of hydrogen peroxide could be stabilized by addition of
      3,4-dimethoxy benzyl alcohol to the reaction mixture. The oxidation of
      benzo(a)pyrene was enhanced in the presence of this alcohol.

PMID- 3700422
TI  - Cell cycle regulation of transfected murine dihydrofolate reductase genes.
AB  - We have used the technique of DNA-mediated gene transfer to introduce
      dihydrofolate reductase genes into dihydrofolate reductase-deficient Chinese
      hamster ovary cells. The transferred sequences include: dihydrofolate reductase
      minigenes, dihydrofolate reductase cDNA clones, and genomic DNA from mouse cells
      with highly amplified dihydrofolate reductase genes. The hamster cells were
      capable of utilizing the murine transcription initiation sites, splice junctions,
      and polyadenylation sites in complete murine dihydrofolate reductase genes. Only
      a short region of 5'-flanking sequence (160 base pairs (bp] was sufficient for
      proper initiation of dihydrofolate reductase transcription. In contrast only
      those clones with all of the dihydrofolate reductase introns and extensive
      (greater than 6.5 kilobase pairs) 3'-flanking regions utilized the dihydrofolate
      reductase polyadenylylation sites. Four of nine clones tested regulate the
      transfected genes normally, synthesizing dihydrofolate reductase preferentially
      at the onset of S phase. Regulated genes include one which entirely lacks
      intervening sequences, two with fewer than 420 bp of 5'-flanking sequence, and
      two in which polyadenylylation occurs predominantly in the adjacent hamster
      sequences. Two of the five cell lines which do not exhibit normal regulation
      contain genes which appear to be transcribed primarily from promoters present in
      the flanking hamster DNA. The other genes which fail to regulate do not appear to
      differ significantly in the structure of their transcripts or protein products
      from genes which regulate normally. We conclude that only the coding sequences, a
      region of less than 340 bp of sequence 5' of the translation initiation codon,
      and a short region of 3'-flanking sequence are required for regulated production
      of dihydrofolate reductase. The regulation can be abolished, however, by unknown
      properties of the site of insertion.

PMID- 3700423
TI  - Topography of the interaction of recA protein with single-stranded
      deoxyoligonucleotides.
AB  - recA protein, in the presence of adenosine 5'-(gamma-thio)triphosphate, formed
      stable complexes with single-stranded deoxyoligonucleotides between 9 and 20
      residues in length but not with those 8-residues long. The binding of recA
      protein to a 15-mer and 20-mer completely protected the sugar-phosphate backbone
      of the nucleic acid from digestion by pancreatic deoxyribonuclease I and
      protected the 5'-terminal phosphate from cleavage by calf intestinal alkaline
      phosphatase. Ethylation of the phosphate backbone at any position by
      ethylnitrosourea blocked the binding of recA protein to the 15-mer but not to the
      20-mer. Ethylation of phosphates near the ends of the 15-mer interfered less,
      suggesting a minimum binding site requirement. In contrast to the protection of
      the nucleic acid backbone, recA protein did not protect the N-7 position of
      guanine or the N-3 position of adenine from methylation by dimethyl sulfate, but
      rather enhanced the methylation of guanine. These results indicate that recA
      protein binds primarily to the phosphate backbone of single-stranded DNA, leaving
      the bases free for homologous pairing. We present a model for the organization of
      the presynaptic filament.

PMID- 3700424
TI  - High mobility group proteins 1 and 2 stimulate transcription in vitro by RNA
      polymerases II and III.
AB  - We have used specific in vitro transcription as a functional assay to study the
      effects of the major chromosomal proteins, histones and high mobility group (HMG)
      proteins 1 and 2, on transcription by RNA polymerases II and III. HMG proteins 1
      and 2 can stimulate transcription by both RNA polymerases II and III; maximal
      stimulation (up to 20-fold) is seen when HMG proteins 1 and 2 are mixed with
      template DNA prior to the addition of whole cell transcription lysate. HMG
      proteins 1 and 2 are also able to overcome inhibition of transcription caused by
      histones; maximal enhancement of transcription (at least 60-fold) is seen when
      histones and then HMG proteins 1 and 2 are added to DNA before addition of
      transcription lysate. This suggests that stimulation of transcription by HMG
      proteins 1 and 2 in the presence of histones is not due to a simple competition
      between histones and HMG proteins for binding to DNA. It appears likely that HMG
      proteins 1 and 2 stimulate transcription in a nonspecific manner, perhaps
      altering the template in such a way as to allow increased accessibility of
      transcription factors or rate of elongation for both RNA polymerases II and III.

PMID- 3700425
TI  - Human plasma lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase. An elucidation of the
      catalytic mechanism.
AB  - Human plasma lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) transacylates the sn-2
      fatty acid of lecithin to cholesterol forming cholesteryl ester and lysolecithin.
      Measurement of the phospholipase A2 and transacylase activities of the enzyme
      using proteoliposome substrates and following selective chemical modification of
      serine, histidine, and cysteine residues of pure homogeneous LCAT indicated the
      following catalytic mechanism: HS-Cys-E-Ser-OH + lecithin in equilibrium HS-Cys-E
      Ser-O-FA + lysolecithin, HS-Cys-E-Ser-O-FA in equilibrium FA-S-Cys-E-Ser-OH, FA-S
      Cys-E-Ser-OH + cholesterol-OH in equilibrium HS-Cys-E-Ser-OH + cholesterol-O-FA,
      where FA denotes fatty acid. Modification of 2 LCAT cysteine residues with 5,5'
      dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) or treatment with ferricyanide inactivated the
      transacylase but not the phospholipase A2 activity. Modification of 1 serine
      residue with phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride or 1 histidine residue with diethyl
      pyrocarbonate inhibited cholesteryl ester formation and phospholipase A2
      activity. Proteoliposome substrates protected both activities against chemical
      inactivation. Lecithin alone protected the phospholipase A2 activity against
      phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride inactivation but not the transacylase against 5,5'
      dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) inactivation. Incubation of native LCAT with
      arachidonyl-CoA or the lecithin-apo-A-I proteoliposome resulted in acylation of
      three enzyme sites, only one of which was stable to neutral hydroxylamine after
      denaturation. Fatty acylenzyme oxy- and thioesters were demonstrable in both
      cases. No transfer of arachidonic acid from iodoacetamide-modified LCAT to
      cholesterol occurred, indicating that the fatty-acylated serine residue cannot
      directly esterify cholesterol. Cholesterol arachidonate was formed upon
      incubation of phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride-modified LCAT with arachidonyl-CoA.

PMID- 3700426
TI  - Chromatin structure. Nuclease digestion profiles reflect intermediate stages in
      the folding of the 30-nm fiber rather than the existence of subunit beads.
AB  - Conditions have been found for the isolation of rat liver nuclei which maintain
      chromatin in its native state and suppresses endogenous nuclease activity.
      Chromatin prepared in this way can be dispersed into buffers containing various
      concentrations of monovalent or divalent cations so that the 30-nm fiber is
      either totally or partially decondensed. When probed with micrococcal nuclease,
      the digestion profiles show that although the 30-nm fiber can be cleaved
      periodically to generate superbead-like particles this only occurs under certain
      ionic conditions when the fiber is partially decondensed. It is likely that this
      cleavage pattern reflects the transient exposure of specific nuclease sensitive
      sites as the 30-nm fiber condenses, rather than the existence of a specific
      subunit of a beaded 30-nm fiber. The periodicity of these nuclease-sensitive
      sites appear to be related to the asymmetric distribution of histone H1 molecules
      along the length of the fiber.

PMID- 3700427
TI  - Calmodulin N-methyltransferase. Partial purification and characterization.
AB  - The distribution, properties, and substrate specificity of S
      adenosylmethionine:calmodulin (lysine) N-methyltransferse (EC 2.1.1.60,
      calmodulin N-methyltransferase) of the rat have been studied. This enzyme is
      cytosolic and is found at high levels in tissues with high levels of calmodulin
      and at low levels in tissues with little calmodulin. In liver, heart, and
      skeletal muscle, which have low levels of calmodulin and very low calmodulin N
      methyltransferase activity (a low ratio of calmodulin N-methyltransferase to
      calmodulin), calmodulin was found to be incompletely methylated, as judged by its
      ability to act as a substrate for purified calmodulin N-methyltransferase.
      Calmodulin N-methyltransferase was purified 470-fold with a 33% yield from rat
      testis cytosol, using ammonium sulfate precipitation and chromatography on DEAE
      cellulose, CM-Sepharose, and Sephadex G-100. At pH 7.4, calmodulin N
      methyltransferase did not bind to DEAE-cellulose, but bound strongly to CM
      Sepharose. The enzyme eluted from Sephadex G-100 with an apparent molecular
      weight of 55,000. Purified calmodulin N-methyltransferase was incubated with
      extracts of rat tissues, and [methyl-3H]AdoMet and methylated proteins were
      resolved by electrophoresis in an attempt to discover substances other than
      calmodulin, but this enzyme only catalyzed the methylation of calmodulin,
      indicating a high degree of substrate specificity. Conditions were established
      for the in vitro preparative methylation of des(methyl)-calmodulin from
      Dictyostelium discoideum. Three moles of methyl/mol of calmodulin were
      incorporated into lysine 115 of des(methyl)calmodulin, resulting in the formation
      of 1 mol of trimethyllysine at the site normally methylated in calmodulins from
      most species. Activation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase by
      des(methyl)calmodulin was indistinguishable from activation by in vitro
      methylated or sham methylated Dictyostelium calmodulin, indicating that
      methylation does not affect the ability of calmodulin to activate this enzyme.

PMID- 3700428
TI  - Localization of the high affinity calcium-binding site on tubulin molecule.
AB  - Tubulin is a calcium-binding protein. Two different modes of interaction of
      calcium with tubulin have been described: a high affinity interaction to one or
      two binding sites and lower affinity interactions to several other binding sites.
      In the present study, we have used limited proteolysis of tubulin with trypsin,
      chymotrypsin, and subtilisin to localize the high affinity calcium-binding sites.
      Our results indicate that two sites are located in the carboxyl-terminal region
      of both tubulin subunits, and that tubulin deprived of its carboxyl-terminal
      region is able to polymerize in the presence of 0.5 mM calcium.

PMID- 3700429
TI  - Culture shock. Selective uptake and rapid release of a novel serum protein by
      endothelial cells in vitro.
AB  - A novel protein has been purified from fetal calf serum and from serum-free
      bovine aortic endothelial cell conditioned culture medium. This protein consists
      of a single polypeptide chain of reduced Mr 70,000 (70K protein) and was
      separated from bovine serum albumin and other proteins by ion-exchange
      chromatography and immunoabsorption on Sepharose-coupled anti-70K protein
      antiserum. The 70K protein was shown to be structurally and immunologically
      distinct from bovine serum albumin, alpha-fetoprotein, and vitronectin by one-
      and two-dimensional peptide mapping, amino acid analysis, and enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay and/or immunoblotting. The 70K protein was located in
      endothelial cell cytoplasmic granules of irregular size and distribution.
      Metabolic radiolabeling studies showed that the 70K protein was not a
      biosynthetic product of these cells; its cytoplasmic location was due to a
      selective uptake from the fetal calf serum in which the cells were initially
      grown. After subconfluent cultures of endothelial cells were shifted to serum
      free medium, nearly 80% of the total 70K protein that was measurable in the
      medium was released between 0 and 20 min. Moreover, sparse, rapidly proliferating
      cells released approximately 18-fold more 70K protein within 2 min as compared to
      dense, nonproliferating cultures. The concentration of 70K protein in fetal calf
      serum was estimated to be 400-600 micrograms/ml. Proliferating bovine aortic
      endothelial cells, 24 h after plating at an intermediate density, released
      approximately 250 pg of 70K protein/cell within the first 20 min after exposure
      to serum-free conditions. The data provide evidence for a novel protein in serum
      which is selectively internalized by endothelial cells in vitro and which in turn
      is released rapidly under conditions such as osmotic imbalance due to serum
      removal, or during periods of cellular proliferation, conditions which we term
      "culture shock."

PMID- 3700430
TI  - Effect of wedging on the flow characteristics past tilting disc aortic valve
      prosthesis.
AB  - To evaluate the efficacy of implanting a tilting disc aortic valve prosthesis in
      an angulated (wedged) supra-annular position, an in vitro experimental study was
      performed. The aortic valve prosthesis was mounted in an axi-symmetric valve
      chamber in a wedged position and incorporated in a mock circulatory system.
      Measurements were obtained on the transvalvular pressure gradient, percent
      regurgitation as well as velocity profiles and turbulent normal stresses distal
      to the valve. Our results showed that there was no significant reduction in the
      pressure gradient in mounting a larger sized valve in the wedged supra-annular
      position. On the other hand, the percent regurgitation increased with increase in
      heart rate and wedge angle. The valve failed to function properly above 110 beats
      min-1 at any wedge angle with the normal flow rate. The velocity profiles also
      showed significant changes with an increase in the turbulent normal stress with
      increase in wedge angle. Hence our study suggests that implanting the tilting
      disc prosthesis in a wedged supra-annular position in the aorta is not advisable.

PMID- 3700431
TI  - A mathematical model of the flow in the circle of Willis.
AB  - A mathematical model of the flow in the circle of Willis has been designed and
      the effects of (a) the large anatomical variation of the communicating arteries
      and (b) physiological changes of the resistances of the vertebral arteries have
      been studied. The influence of the posterior perforating arteries on the flow in
      the posterior communicating arteries has been investigated as well, with special
      attention being paid to the possible occurrence of a 'dead point'. In the model,
      the influence of diameters of the communicating arteries on the flow in the
      afferent vessels and the segments of the circle turns out to be considerable,
      especially in the range of the anatomical variation of the diameters. Within this
      range flow reductions due to an increased resistance of the vertebral artery will
      be compensated for by the system. Assuming that the values and ratios of the
      peripheral resistances are within the physiological range, a dead point is not to
      be expected in the flow in the posterior communicating arteries.

PMID- 3700432
TI  - Dynamic modelling for implementation of a right turn in bipedal walking.
AB  - This paper deals with the development of a conceptual model for the control of a
      multilink biped during a turning maneuver. The skeletal model is a seven link
      biped for which the equations of motion are derived. A set of lower limb muscles
      are idealized by simple force actuators with no co-contraction of agonist
      antagonist muscle pairs. A nonlinear control scheme is proposed to guide the
      model along the desired trajectory and to control ground reaction forces. The
      input to the system is a desired set of trajectories as functions of time and the
      patterns of desired ground reaction forces in a turn. One set of such inputs are
      inferred from the existing literature. With this input, the nonlinear control
      strategy allows computation of muscular forces needed for the turning maneuver.

PMID- 3700433
TI  - A fractographic study of human long bone.
AB  - Based on the assumption that bone breaks where it is weakest, so that the
      fracture surface represents the weakest area locally, a fractographic study was
      made of a series of accidental and experimental fractures of human long bones.
      The architecture of the fracture surfaces as a whole, and of the local morphology
      of the fractured microstructure, was examined. This led to a classification of
      the fractographic features observed. Several quantitative characteristics of the
      experimental fracture surfaces were explored, including the number (no), volume
      fraction (po), and average cross-sectional area (Ao) of the osteons. These
      parameters were compared with the same data for cross-sections of the bone
      beneath the fracture surfaces. The results show a short-range fluctuation in the
      microstructural constitution of the diaphysis close to the fracture surface, with
      lower values of no, po and Ao at the fracture surface.

PMID- 3700434
TI  - A mathematical model of the patellofemoral joint.
AB  - A mathematical model of the patellofemoral joint taking into account movements
      and forces in the sagittal plane is described. The system parameters of the model
      are the locations of the attachments of the quadriceps muscle and the patellar
      ligament, the length of the patellar ligament, the dimensions of the patella and
      the geometry of the articulating surfaces. They were obtained from ten autopsy
      knees. The model enables calculation of the relative position of the patella,
      patellar ligament and quadriceps tendon, the location of the patellofemoral
      contact point and the magnitude of the patellofemoral compression force and the
      force in the patellar ligament as a function of the location of the tibial
      tuberosity at different flexion-extension angles of the knee. The model is
      validated by comparing model data with experimentally determined data.

PMID- 3700435
TI  - Measurements of human forearm viscoelasticity.
AB  - In human subjects, stiffness of the relaxed elbow was measured by three methods,
      using a forearm manipulandum coupled to a.d.c. torque motor. Elbow stiffness
      calculated from frequency response characteristics increased as the driving
      amplitude decreased. Step displacements of the forearm produced restoring torques
      linearly related to the displacement. The stiffness was very similar to that
      calculated from natural frequencies at amplitudes above 0.1 rad. Thirdly, elbow
      stiffness was estimated from brief test pulses, 120 ms in duration, by
      mathematically simulating the torque-displacement functions. Stiffness values in
      the limited linear range (under +/- 0.1 rad) were higher than in the linear range
      of the first two methods. A major component of elbow stiffness appears to decay
      within 1 s. The coefficients of viscosity determined from the simulation were,
      however, very similar to those calculated from the frequency response. Test pulse
      simulation was then used to determine joint impedance for different, actively
      maintained elbow angles. Joint stiffness and viscosity increased with progressive
      elbow flexion.

PMID- 3700436
TI  - Pulsatile flow in a catheterised artery.
AB  - A model is presented for the physiological problem of a catheter which is
      inserted in a femoral artery to measure the pressure gradient. As the catheter
      will modify the pressure distribution in the artery, the pressure gradient which
      would be recorded by a perfect pressure transducer attached to it would differ
      from that in the uncatheterised artery. To estimate the magnitude of this error,
      it is assumed that the rates of flow of blood through the catheterised and the
      uncatheterised artery are described by the same known periodic function of time.

PMID- 3700437
TI  - Porosity-geometry interaction in the conservation of bone strength.
AB  - Automated image analysis of a small sample of femoral cross-section radiographs
      has revealed a consistent difference in bone porosity relative to geometry. Two
      sub-periosteal fields were assessed microscopically, with field location
      determined with reference to the principal moment axes (Imax, Imin). The data
      indicate that: (1) porosity is greatest in the direction of maximum geometric
      resistance to bending, along the Imin axis; and (2) porosity differences between
      the Imax and Imin fields decrease as the bone becomes more circular in cross
      sectional shape.

PMID- 3700438
TI  - Comment on 'Passive and active components of the internal moment developed about
      the ankle joint during human ambulation'.

PMID- 3700439
TI  - Retrieval and analysis of a clinical total artificial heart.
AB  - Examination by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and x-ray
      microanalysis of a clinical total artificial heart (TAH) implanted for 112 days
      revealed no evidence of calcification, pannus, or vegetative thrombus. A
      macroscopic thrombus was seen along the suture line in the right atrium but did
      not obstruct blood flow or valve function. Microscopic thrombi (less than 0.1 mm)
      and evidence of microemboli were observed on the pumping diaphragm using SEM.
      Characterization of selected polyetherurethane (PEU) samples from the pumping
      bladders and housing by Curie-point pyrolysis mass spectrometry (Py-MS) revealed
      unexpected differences between postmortem retrieved ventricles. Although the
      origin of these differences could be traced back to batch-to-batch variations in
      the original PEU material (Biomer), the precise nature of the observed
      differences in chemical structure and/or composition is still unknown. Numerical
      comparison between pyrolysis mass spectra from PEU samples exposed to blood or
      tissue and unexposed samples from the same ventricles did not detect evidence of
      biodegradation. Continual improvements in fabrication and quality control should
      minimize surface imperfections and ensure polymer reproducibility; however,
      existing materials and design parameters appear to be adequate for continued
      clinical implantation.

PMID- 3700440
TI  - Ex vivo interactions and surface property relationships of polyetherurethanes.
AB  - Despite the use of polyurethanes in a number of blood-contacting applications,
      little is known about the contributing effects of the various polyurethane
      components in thrombogenesis. In order to investigate blood-polyurethane
      interactions, a number of different polyurethanes were examined in an acute
      canine ex vivo series shunt experiment. Multiprobe surface characterization
      techniques, including contact angle measurements, ESCA, ATR-IR, and SEM were used
      to obtain surface property information on the materials studied. The
      polyurethanes examined included several with different soft segment types, a
      series of materials with different hard segment diisocyanates and chain
      extenders, a series consisting of the same polymer cast from different solvents,
      a zwitterionomer, and a hard segment analog. Two commercial urethanes were also
      examined, and the effect of methanol extraction on these materials was studied.
      The blood-contact and surface characterization results indicated that both the
      surface concentration and type of hard segment were of importance in determining
      blood response. The relative concentration of hard segment on the polymer surface
      was found to affect the observed blood-material interaction, although the extent
      of this effect was found to depend on the hard and soft segment components of the
      copolymer system. Both the surface properties and thrombogenicity of a particular
      polyurethane were changed by casting from different solvents, indicating the need
      to optimize and control fabrication conditions. Methanol extraction was found to
      improve the thromboresistance of the commercial polyurethanes.

PMID- 3700441
TI  - Immobilization of factor XIII on collagen membranes.
AB  - Factor XIII from placenta was successfully grafted onto collagen membranes by the
      acyl-azide procedure. The transamidase activity retained on collagen membranes
      was determined by measuring the increase of fluorescence resulting from
      dansylcadaverine incorporation into casein. We studied the effect of different
      factors on the grafting: concentration and composition of the factor XIII
      preparation in the coupling solution and influence of the preactivation of factor
      XIII by thrombin. Stability studies have shown that the activity of factor XIII
      grafted on collagen membranes was almost constant over a period of 8 months.
      Sterilization by gamma-irradiation of factor XIII revealed a drastic loss of
      activity while the use of high-energized electron bombardment caused a reduced
      loss of activity. The potential of such a material for biomedical use is
      presently under investigation.

PMID- 3700442
TI  - Preserved and foreign cartilage interpositional materials for silastic finger
      joint implant arthroplasty.
AB  - Cartilage grafts were implanted as interpositional materials (IPMs) around the
      stems of silicone finger joint prostheses to protect their surfaces from abrasion
      with the local bone tissue. The knee joints of New Zealand White rabbits were
      implanted with finger joint prostheses and grafted with preserved auto- and
      allografts as well as fresh xenografts. Data were obtained after one month and
      compared to controls that received only the silicone prostheses. The grafting
      procedures did not cause any variations in joint function or differences in the
      amount of lipids absorbed by the prosthesis. A thin fibrous capsule formed about
      the control implants, whereas the capsules of the grafted legs were greater in
      thickness and area. Gross examination of the implant surfaces, weight analyses,
      and light microscopic studies of the number of wear particles found in the
      surrounding tissue capsules all indicated a reduction in prosthetic wear with
      grafting. The cartilage grafts were surrounded by inflammatory cells and were
      losing their proteoglycans. As expected, the xenografts exhibited the most
      degradation. No differences were noted between the preserved grafts. These
      results indicate that at one month, cartilage has provided protection for early
      implant motion. The biodegradable graft was being replaced by fibrous connective
      tissue. Long-term protection needs to be studied in additional experiments.

PMID- 3700443
TI  - The influence of static stress on the corrosion behavior of 316L stainless steel
      in Ringer's solution.
AB  - The decrease in corrosion resistance of 316L stainless steel due to static stress
      was studied in vitro using a 37 degree C Ringer's solution electrolyte. Both
      potentiodynamic polarization and coulometric techniques were used. Cyclic anodic
      polarization tests with highly loaded fracture mechanics samples revealed a
      lowering of breakdown potential and disruption of passive films compared to
      unstressed controls. Measurements of the time-averaged current density due to a
      100 mV anodic overpotential showed that a stress level causing plastic
      deformation increases the current density by more than an order of magnitude
      compared to samples stressed to the yield stress or nonloaded controls. The
      significance of these findings for surgical implant devices in service is
      discussed.

PMID- 3700444
TI  - Quantitative surface analysis of Cardiothane 51 by FT-IR-ATR spectroscopy.
AB  - Surface analysis has been carried out for Cardiothane 51 samples as commercially
      available balloon pumps and cast films prepared from the solution. Silicone
      contents on surfaces have been quantitatively determined by FT-IR-ATR
      spectroscopy coupled with a subtraction technique. The contents on the air-facing
      surface vary from 0.7 to 5.3% among six balloon pumps examined; three of them
      contain less silicone on the air-facing surface than on the substrate-facing
      surface, whereas just the opposite is true for one, and the other two have nearly
      and quite an equal content of it between the two surfaces. Silicone contents on
      surfaces of cast films vary also from a sample to another even when sample films
      were prepared from the same Cardiothane solution, indicating difficulty in
      quality control of Cardiothane surfaces. An appreciable fraction of silicone was
      found not to be covalently bonded to polyurethane in Cardiothane 51 for the cast
      film samples.

PMID- 3700445
TI  - Mechanical properties of polymeric membranes obtained by radiation cast
      polymerization of hydroxyalkyl and hydroxypolyethyleneglycol methacrylate
      monomers.
AB  - Polymeric membranes have been prepared by radiation cast-polymerization of
      hydroxyalkyl and hydroxypolyethyleneglycol methacrylate monomers, and the
      mechanical properties of the membranes before and after swelling have been
      studied as a function of the molecular structure of the monomers. The degree of
      hydration of the polymers from hydroxypolyethyleneglycol methacrylate monomers
      increased with increasing the number of ethyleneglycol units in the monomers, and
      that from hydroxyalkyl methacrylate monomers decreased with an increase in the
      number of methylene units. The mechanical properties such as tensile strength,
      tear strength, Young's modulus, and elongation at break varied with the length of
      the methylene and ethyleneglycol units in the monomers. It was found that
      flexible polymeric membranes having various properties for medical applications
      could be obtained by radiation cast-polymerization of hydroxyalkyl and
      hydroxypolyethyleneglycol methacrylate monomers.

PMID- 3700446
TI  - Adhesion of coagulase-negative staphylococci to methacrylate polymers and
      copolymers.
AB  - Adhesion of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) was studied onto a homologous
      series of methacrylate polymers and copolymers. The materials varied in
      wettability (contact angles) and were either positively or negatively charged
      (zeta-potential). Bacterial adhesion experiments performed in a parallel-plate
      perfusion system showed that positively charged TMAEMA-Cl copolymers
      significantly promoted the adhesion of CNS as compared with all other
      methacrylate (co)polymers tested. The bacterial adhesion rates onto the
      positively charged surfaces are diffusion-controlled, whereas those onto the
      surfaces with a negative zeta-potential are more surface-reaction-controlled due
      to the presence of a potential energy barrier. The bacterial adhesion rates onto
      various poly (alkyl methacrylates) were similar. The number of adhering bacteria
      onto the negatively charged MMA/MAA copolymer did not differ from that onto pMMA,
      indicating that sufficient sites on the copolymer surface with the same potential
      energy barrier as that on pMMA, were available for adhesion. Decreasing rates of
      adhesion of CNS were observed onto MMA/HEMA copolymers with increasing HEMA
      content coinciding with increasing hydrophilicity. Low plateau values for the
      bacterial adhesion were observed on 50MMA/50HEMA, pHEMA, and 85HEMA/15MAA,
      indicating that the adhesion onto these materials was reversible. Four CNS
      strains with different surface characteristics all showed higher numbers of
      adhering bacteria onto 85MMA/15TMAEMA-Cl than onto 85MMA/15MAA and pMMA.

PMID- 3700447
TI  - Grounds for divorce in England and Wales--a social and demographic analysis.

PMID- 3700449
TI  - The trend of the male-female differential in various speed sports 1936-84.

PMID- 3700448
TI  - Attitudes of women of reproductive age to in vitro fertilization and embryo
      research.

PMID- 3700450
TI  - Proximate determinants of fertility in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal: an
      anthropological case study.

PMID- 3700451
TI  - Fertility levels, trends and differentials in Kuwait.

PMID- 3700452
TI  - Environmental and other factors influencing fertility in Sri Lanka.

PMID- 3700453
TI  - Fertility in Pakistan during the 1970s.

PMID- 3700455
TI  - Assortative mating for height in Pakistani arranged marriages. A comment.

PMID- 3700454
TI  - Correlates and implications of breast-feeding practices in Bas Zaire.

PMID- 3700456
TI  - Carcinogenicity of small doses of inhaled N-nitrosoacetoxymethyl-N-methylamine in
      Syrian golden hamsters.
AB  - Male Syrian golden hamsters inhaled 0.5-1 ppm (= 2.7-5.5 mg/m3) of N-nitroso-N
      acetoxy-methyl-N-methylamine 1 h/week, for 14 weeks. The total dose per animal
      was calculated as 150-400 micrograms or 1-3 mg/kg. Four squamous cell carcinomas
      and one mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the nasal mucosa were observed. No such
      tumors occurred in the control group.

PMID- 3700457
TI  - Comparative carcinogenicity of ring-halogenated 3-methyl-1-phenyltriazenes and
      their 3,3-dimethyl analogs at equimolar dose levels in male Sprague-Dawley rats.
AB  - The carcinogenic activity of 3-methyl-1-phenyltriazene and its four 4- and 2-ring
      halogenated derivatives was similar to the previously reported carcinogenicity of
      the corresponding 3,3-dimethyl-1-phenyltriazene analogs tested at equimolar dose
      levels in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. The strongest carcinogens in each
      series were 3-methyl-1-phenyltriazene and 3,3-dimethyl-1-phenyltriazene,
      respectively. The carcinogenic potency of the individual test compounds decreased
      with progressive 4- and 2-halogenation of the phenyl ring. The administration of
      either 3-methyl-1-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)- or 3-methyl-1-(2,4,6-tribromophenyl)
      triazene gave a negligible tumor yield not different from that observed in the
      control animals. Moreover, 3,5-dichloro-2-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)-benzoic acid
      or its ethyl ester, were found to be strong carcinogens that exclusively induced
      kidney tumors.

PMID- 3700458
TI  - Urinary polyamine excretion by tumor-bearing and tumor-free mice exposed to
      cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil and 6-mercaptopurine.
AB  - The effects of cytostatic treatment on urinary polyamine excretion have been
      investigated in tumor-bearing (either Ehrlich carcinoma of S 180 sarcoma) and in
      tumor-free mice. The animals were exposed to single or multiple treatment with
      various doses of cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, or 6-mercaptopurine. Treatment
      invariably enhanced polyamine excretion dependent on dose and effectiveness of
      the cytostatic drug. The most pronounced increases were observed in the excretion
      of spermine and putrescine, with peak excretion usually occurring after 1-2 and 3
      4 days, respectively. The urinary excretion of spermidine was relatively modest
      in untreated mice, but the increases observed following drug treatment were high
      in proportion. Significant differences in urinary polyamine excretion were
      observed between tumor-free and tumor-bearing animals following treatment with
      all cytostatic agents. Peak values were invariably higher in tumor-bearing mice
      even in those with small, barely detectable tumors. After discontinuation of
      treatment polyamine excretion returned to normal values and stabilized in groups
      in which regression predominated, whereas in those groups of animals which showed
      little or no tumor regression urinary polyamine levels gradually increased again
      during a 2-week observation period.

PMID- 3700459
TI  - New derivatives of CNC-amino acids and -oligopeptides: experimental antitumor
      activity.
AB  - The experimental antitumor activity of a series of new nitrosoureas is described
      in which the chloroethylnitrosocarbamoyl (CNC) group is attached to different
      carrier molecules: amino acids and oligopeptides. Of a group of 10 CNC-amino acid
      amide derivatives the majority displayed high therapeutic activity in L 5222
      leukemia. Some compounds, especially the proline and sarcosine derivatives,
      showed favorable therapeutic ratios; 12 CNC-oligopeptides displayed a more or
      less pronounced therapeutic activity in L 1210 leukemia. Compounds bearing a free
      carboxy group were less active than the corresponding unsubstituted or N-methyl
      substituted amides.

PMID- 3700460
TI  - Different autochthonous models of colorectal cancer in the rat.
AB  - Chemically induced (autochthonous) tumors in the rodent are thought to be the
      best models at hand to obtain results transferable to the clinical situation.
      Four different autochthonous tumor models: 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, N
      methylnitrosourea (MNU), N-methyl-N-nitro-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), and N-nitroso
      acetoxymethyl-methylamine (AMMN) which are used worldwide for etiological and
      therapy studies of colon cancer are compared for tumor biology and clinical
      relevance. The four tumor models of colon carcinoma described in the rat are
      different in growth, invasion, and metastases. The choice of the selected tumor
      model for experimental investigations of colon cancer should depend on the
      clinical question.

PMID- 3700461
TI  - Inhibition of Lewis lung tumor growth and metastasis by Ehrlich ascites tumor
      growing in the same host.
AB  - A double tumor model (3LL and EAT) was established in C57BL/6 mice. The primary
      3LL tumor was growth-inhibited by EAT inoculated into the same host. Growth
      inhibition of the 3LL primary tumor depended on the number of EAT cells injected.
      Inhibition of the growth of the primary 3LL tumor was also observed after
      injection of the optimal number (10(7)) of EAT cells 24 h to 7 days before or
      after inoculation of 3LL cells. In contrast, metastasis of the 3LL tumor was only
      inhibited after simultaneous inoculation of 3LL and ETA cells. Moreover, EAT
      cells inhibited the growth of preformed 3LL-derived metastases after resection of
      the primary 3LL tumor. Although the EAT-induced stimulation of a host defense
      system is not excluded, the results are consisted with the continued release of
      growth inhibition factors from EAT cells acting on 3LL cells in the primary tumor
      and in lung metastases.

PMID- 3700462
TI  - Antitumor activity of imidazolium-bisimidazole-tetrachlororuthenate (III). A
      representative of a new class of inorganic antitumor agents.
AB  - The antitumor activity of imidazolium-bisimidazole-tetrachlororuthenate (III)
      against the P388 leukemia and against the B16 melanoma was investigated. The test
      compound showed high activity against these tumor models. The tumor inhibiting
      effect was in the range or better than the effects of the compounds
      cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, or 5-fluorouracil, which were tested as positive
      controls. The effective substance is a new, water soluble, anionic, nitrogen
      heterocyclic coordinated, ruthenium species, exhibiting antitumor activity.

PMID- 3700463
TI  - Application of a subcellular membrane-antibody binding assay for the analysis of
      antigen expression in human tumours.
AB  - A micro-radioisotopic antiglobulin assay has been employed to determine the
      binding of monoclonal antibodies to subcellular membranes adsorbed to the wells
      of Terasaki Microtest Plates. A panel of 15 monoclonal antibodies was tested
      against 22 membrane preparations isolated from normal and malignant colo-rectal,
      breast and lung tissues. The assay provided an objective evaluation of antibody
      reactivity permitting the expression of major antigens in samples from individual
      surgical specimens to be defined.

PMID- 3700464
TI  - Induction of Sertoli cell tumors in the rat ovary by N-alkyl-N-nitrosoureas.
AB  - Relatively high incidences of Sertoli cell tumors of the ovary were induced in
      Donryu rats given a 400 ppm N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea solution as drinking water for
      4 weeks or a single dose of 200 mg/kg N-propyl-N-nitrosourea by stomach tube.
      Typical Sertoli cell tumors were composed of solid areas showing tubular
      formation. Tubules were lined by tall, columnar cells having abundant, faintly
      eosinophilic, often vacuolated cytoplasm, and basally oriented round nuclei. In
      some cases, Sertoli cell tumors were found to be mixed with granulosa cell
      tumors.

PMID- 3700465
TI  - Influence of the carboxylesterase inhibitor bis-p-nitrophenylphosphate on the
      rates of hydrolysis of various alpha-esters of 1-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)
      methanol in vitro and in vivo and on the acute toxicity and carcinogenicity of 1
      (N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-methylacetate.
AB  - The effect of an in vivo treatment with the carboxylesterase inhibitor bis-p
      nitrophenylphosphate (BNPP) on the hydrolysis of 1-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)
      methylacetate (NNMA), 1-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-methylbutyrate (NNMB), 1-(N
      methyl-N-nitrosamino)-methylbenzoate (NNMBz) and 1-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)
      methylpivaloate (NMMP) in rat tissue homogenates was studied. The rates of
      hydrolysis were specific for each compound and different in every organ tested;
      the extent of inhibition of the hydrolysis by BNPP was also substrate and organ
      specific. In some cases no inhibition at all was observed. The rate of
      elimination of NNMA, NNMB, and NNMP from blood was not influenced by BNPP
      pretreatment. The LD50 of NNMA after i.v. application showed a rise of 85% with a
      BNPP pretreatment. BNPP also influenced the carcinogenicity of NNMA, whereby the
      total carcinogenic potency was not altered, but the organotropism had changed
      slightly.

PMID- 3700466
TI  - Three types of low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mutant have pleiotropic
      defects in the synthesis of N-linked, O-linked, and lipid-linked carbohydrate
      chains.
AB  - Biochemical, immunological, and genetic techniques were used to investigate the
      genetic defects in three types of low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor
      deficient hamster cells. The previously isolated ldlB, ldlC, and ldlD mutants all
      synthesized essentially normal amounts of a 125,000-D precursor form of the LDL
      receptor, but were unable to process this receptor to the mature form of 155,000
      D. Instead, these mutants produced abnormally small, heterogeneous receptors that
      reached the cell surface but were rapidly degraded thereafter. The abnormal sizes
      of the LDL receptors in these cells were due to defective processing of the LDL
      receptor's N- and O-linked carbohydrate chains. Processing defects in these cells
      appeared to be general since the ldlB, ldlC, and ldlD mutants also showed
      defective glycosylation of a viral glycoprotein, alterations in glycolipid
      synthesis, and changes in resistance to several toxic lectins. Preliminary
      structural studies suggested that these cells had defects in multiple stages of
      the Golgi-associated processing reactions responsible for synthesis of
      glycolipids and in the N-linked and O-linked carbohydrate chains of
      glycoproteins. Comparisons between the ldl mutants and a large number of
      previously isolated CHO glycosylation defective mutants showed that the genetic
      defects in ldlB, ldlC, and ldlD cells were unique and that only very specific
      types of carbohydrate alteration could dramatically affect LDL receptor function.

PMID- 3700467
TI  - Fc-receptor-mediated phagocytosis occurs in macrophages without an increase in
      average [Ca++]i.
AB  - The calcium ion has been implicated as a cytosolic signal or regulator in
      phagocytosis. Using the Ca++-sensitive photoprotein aequorin we have measured
      intracellular free Ca++ ion concentration ([Ca++]i) in thioglycolate-elicited
      mouse peritoneal macrophages during phagocytosis and IgG-induced spreading.
      Macrophages plated on glass were loaded with aequorin and [Ca++]i was then
      measured from cell populations, both as previously described (McNeil, P. L., and
      D. L. Taylor, 1985, Cell Calcium, 6:83-92). Aequorin indicated a resting [Ca++]i
      in adherent macrophages of 84 nM and was responsive to changes in [Ca++]i induced
      by the addition of Mg-ATP (0.1 mM) or serum to medium. However, during the 15 min
      required for phagocytosis of seven or eight IgG-coated erythrocytes per
      macrophage loaded with aequorin, we measured no change in [Ca++]i. Similarly, the
      ligation of Fc-receptors that occurs when macrophages spread on immune complex
      coated coverslips did not change macrophage [Ca++]i. In contrast, a rise in
      [Ca++]i of macrophages was measured during phagocytosis occurring in a serum-free
      saline of pH 7.85, and as a consequence of incubation with quin2 A/M. We estimate
      that had a change in [Ca++]i occurred during phagocytosis, aequorin would have
      detected a rise from 0.1 to 1.0 microM taking place in as little as 2% of the
      macrophage's cytoplasmic volume. We therefore suggest that either Ca++ is not
      involved as a cytoplasmic signal for phagocytosis or that increases in [Ca++]i
      during phagocytosis are confined to such small regions of cytoplasm as to be
      below the limits of detection by our cellular averaging method. Our data
      emphasizes, moreover, the need for well-defined, nonperturbing conditions in such
      measurements of [Ca++]i.

PMID- 3700468
TI  - Bacterial lipopolysaccharide suppresses the production of catalytically active
      lysosomal acid hydrolases in human macrophages.
AB  - Sub-microgram quantities of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) have been found to
      substantially reduce the intracellular catalytic activities of three
      representative lysosomal enzymes (namely, acid phosphatase, hexosaminidase, and
      beta-glucuronidase) in human monocyte-derived macrophages. This response was not
      associated with a concurrent increase in enzyme catalytic activity in the culture
      supernatant, and hence, could not be explained by mobilization of preformed
      material. By conducting experiments in the presence and absence of indomethacin,
      a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, the reduction in lysosomal enzyme catalytic
      activities was shown not to be dependent on the ability of LPS to induce
      prostaglandin E2 production. The response was not found to be the result of a
      more generalized LPS-dependent reduction in the ability of the cells to
      synthesize protein, since the presence of LPS in macrophage cultures did not
      appreciably affect the amount of [35S]methionine incorporated into total cellular
      proteins. A kinetic analysis of the effect of LPS on the down-regulation of
      enzyme catalytic activities indicated that this was an early response of the
      cells to LPS exposure. An investigation of the effects of blockade of enzyme
      catabolism (using the lysosomotropic weak-base, methylamine) indicated that the
      reduction of catalytic enzyme activities in response to LPS was probably due to a
      decreased rate of production of active product, rather than an enhanced rate of
      enzyme catabolism. This suggestion was confirmed by experiments in which the
      synthesis of pro-hexosaminidase (measured by biosynthetic labeling with
      [35S]methionine and specific immunoprecipitation of labeled pro-hexosaminidase)
      was found to be reduced by 42% after a 24-h exposure to LPS (although the
      synthesis of complement component C3 was stimulated by a factor of 4.5). It is
      suggested that the ability of LPS to regulate the functional expression of
      protein products contributes to changes in the overall functional status of these
      cells in response to this bacterial product.

PMID- 3700469
TI  - Unusual lysosomes in aortic smooth muscle cells: presence in living and rapidly
      frozen cells.
AB  - Unusual tubular structures have been observed in rat aortic smooth muscle cells
      (SMC) grown in culture. These tubular structures have several characteristics
      that strongly suggest that they are lysosomes: they are bounded by a single
      membrane bilayer, contain densely staining material, and acid phosphatase
      activity. Furthermore, these structures are present in living cells, as
      demonstrated by their ability to accumulate the membrane-impermeable fluorescent
      dye lucifer yellow CH. In ultrastructural preparations they are best seen in
      samples that are cryofixed by rapid freezing and then freeze-substituted in
      osmium-acetone solutions. Conventional chemical fixation did not appear to
      preserve these structures to as great an extent as did rapid freezing. Comparison
      of SMC in vitro to the same cells in situ revealed differences in lysosome number
      as well as morphological appearance. Thus, the culturing of rat SMC leads to the
      formation of unusual tubular lysosomes whose ultrastructural appearance is
      particularly sensitive to the methods employed for examination.

PMID- 3700471
TI  - Transcription of alpha-tubulin and histone H4 genes begins at the same point in
      the Physarum cell cycle.
AB  - In naturally synchronous plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum, both tubulin and
      histone gene transcription define periodic cell cycle-regulated events. Using a
      slot-blot hybridization assay and Northern blot analysis, we have demonstrated
      that a major peak of accumulation of both alpha-tubulin and histone H4
      transcripts occurs in late G2 phase. Nuclear transcription assays indicate that
      both genes are transcriptionally activated at the same point in the cell cycle:
      mid G2 phase. While the rate of tubulin gene transcription drops sharply at the
      M/S-phase boundary, the rate of histone gene transcription remains high through
      most of S phase. We conclude that the cell cycle regulation of tubulin expression
      occurs primarily at the level of transcription, while histone regulation involves
      both transcriptional and posttranscriptional controls. It is possible that the
      periodic expression of both histone and tubulin genes is triggered by a common
      cell cycle regulatory mechanism.

PMID- 3700470
TI  - The nonchromatin substructures of the nucleus: the ribonucleoprotein (RNP)
      containing and RNP-depleted matrices analyzed by sequential fractionation and
      resinless section electron microscopy.
AB  - The nonchromatin structure or matrix of the nucleus has been studied using an
      improved fractionation in concert with resinless section electron microscopy. The
      resinless sections show the nucleus of the intact cell to be filled with a dense
      network or lattice composed of soluble proteins and chromatin in addition to the
      structural nuclear constituents. In the first fractionation step, soluble
      proteins are removed by extraction with Triton X-100, and the dense nuclear
      lattice largely disappears. Chromatin and nonchromatin nuclear fibers are now
      sharply imaged. Nuclear constituents are further separated into three well
      defined, distinct protein fractions. Chromatin proteins are those that require
      intact DNA for their association with the nucleus and are released by 0.25 M
      ammonium sulfate after internucleosomal DNA is cut with DNAase I. The resulting
      structure retains most heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) and is
      designated the RNP-containing nuclear matrix. The proteins of hnRNP are those
      associated with the nucleus only if RNA is intact. These are released when
      nuclear RNA is briefly digested with RNAase A. Ribonuclease digestion releases
      97% of the hnRNA and its associated proteins. These proteins correspond to the
      hnRNP described by Pederson (Pederson, T., 1974, J. Mol. Biol., 83:163-184) and
      are distinct from the proteins that remain in the ribonucleoprotein (RNP)
      depleted nuclear matrix. The RNP-depleted nuclear matrix is a core structure that
      retains lamins A and C, the intermediate filaments, and a unique set of nuclear
      matrix proteins (Fey, E. G., K. M. Wan, and S. Penman, 1984, J. Cell Biol.
      98:1973-1984). This core had been previously designated the nuclear matrix
      intermediate filament scaffold and its proteins are a third, distinct, and
      nonoverlapping subset of the nuclear nonhistone proteins. Visualizing the nuclear
      matrix using resinless sections shows that nuclear RNA plays an important role in
      matrix organization. Conventional Epon-embedded electron microscopy sections show
      comparatively little of the RNP-containing and RNP-depleted nuclear matrix
      structure. In contrast, resinless sections show matrix interior to be a three
      dimensional network of thick filaments bounded by the nuclear lamina. The
      filaments are covered with 20-30-nm electron dense particles which may contain
      the hnRNA. The large electron dense bodies, enmeshed in the interior matrix
      fibers, have the characteristic morphology of nucleoli. Treatment of the nuclear
      matrix with RNAase results in the aggregation of the interior fibers and the
      extensive loss of the 20-30-nm particles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3700472
TI  - Two calmodulins in Naegleria flagellates: characterization, intracellular
      segregation, and programmed regulation of mRNA abundance during differentiation.
AB  - Flagellates of Naegleria gruberi contain two calmodulins that differ in apparent
      molecular weight and intracellular location. Calmodulin-1, localized in flagella,
      has an apparent molecular weight of approximately 16,000, approximately the size
      of other protozoan calmodulins, whereas calmodulin-2, localized in cell bodies,
      is 15,300. Both proteins, purified, are calmodulins by several criteria,
      including Ca2+-dependent stimulation of calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide
      phosphodiesterase and affinity for antibodies to vertebrate calmodulin. The
      finding of two calmodulins is unusual. Since the only known difference is
      apparent molecular weight, one calmodulin could be derived from the other, except
      that both calmodulins are synthesized in a wheat germ, cell-free system directed
      by RNA from differentiating Naegleria. Translatable mRNAs encoding calmodulins 1
      and 2, not detected in amebas, appear and subsequently disappear concurrently
      during the 100-min differentiation of Naegleria from amebas to flagellates.
      Furthermore, these mRNAs increase and then decrease in abundance concurrently
      with those for flagellar tubulins, which suggests the possibility that the
      expression of the unrelated genes for calmodulin and tubulin may be under
      coordinate control during differentiation.

PMID- 3700473
TI  - Aster-free spindle poles in insect spermatocytes: evidence for chromosome-induced
      spindle formation?
AB  - Tipulid spermatocytes form normally functioning bipolar spindles after one of the
      centrosomes is experimentally dislocated from the nucleus in late diakinesis
      (Dietz, R., 1959, Z. Naturforsch., 14b:749-752; Dietz, R., 1963, Zool. Anz.
      Suppl., 23:131-138; Dietz, R., 1966, Heredity, 19:161-166). The possibility that
      dissociated pericentriolar material (PCM) is nevertheless responsible for the
      formation of the spindle in these cells cannot be ruled out based on live
      observation. In studying serial sections of complete cells and of lysed cells, it
      was found that centrosome-free spindle poles in the crane fly show neither
      pericentriolar-like material nor aster microtubules, whereas the displaced
      centrosomes appear complete, i.e., consist of a centriole pair, aster
      microtubules, and PCM. Exposure to a lysis buffer containing tubulin resulted in
      an increase of centrosomal asters due to aster microtubule polymerization. Aster
      free spindle poles did not show any reaction, also indicating the absence of PCM
      at these poles. The results favor the hypothesis of chromosome-induced spindle
      pole formation at the onset of prometaphase and the dispensability of PCM in
      Pales.

PMID- 3700474
TI  - Subaxolemmal cytoskeleton in squid giant axon. I. Biochemical analysis of
      microtubules, microfilaments, and their associated high-molecular-weight
      proteins.
AB  - Using the squid giant axon, we analyzed biochemically the molecular organization
      of the axonal cytoskeleton underlying the axolemma (subaxolemmal cytoskeleton).
      The preparation enriched in the subaxolemmal cytoskeleton was obtained by
      squeezing out the central part of the axoplasm using a roller. The
      electrophoretic banding pattern of the subaxolemmal cytoskeleton was
      characterized by large amounts of two high-molecular-weight (HMW) proteins (260
      and 255 kD). The alpha, beta-tubulin, actin, and some other proteins were also
      its major constituents. The 260-kD protein is known to play an important role in
      maintaining the excitability of the axolemma (Matsumoto, G., M. Ichikawa, A.
      Tasaki, H. Murofushi, and H. Sakai, 1983, J. Membr. Biol., 77:77-91) and was
      recently designated "axolinin" (Sakai, H., G. Matsumoto, and H. Murofushi, 1985,
      Adv. Biophys., 19:43-89). We purified axolinin and the 255-kD protein in their
      native forms and further characterized their biochemical properties. The purified
      axolinin was soluble in 0.6 M NaCl solution but insoluble in 0.1 M NaCl solution.
      It co-sedimented with microtubules but not with actin filaments. In low-angle
      rotary-shadowing electron microscopy, the axolinin molecule in 0.6 M NaCl
      solution looked like a straight rod approximately 105 nm in length with a
      globular head at one end. On the other hand, the purified 255-kD protein was
      soluble in both 0.1 and 0.6 M NaCl solution and co-sedimented with actin
      filaments but not with microtubules. The 255-kD protein molecule appeared as a
      characteristic horseshoe-shaped structure approximately 35 nm in diameter.
      Furthermore, the 255-kD protein showed no cross-reactivity to the anti-axolinin
      antibody. Taken together, these characteristics lead us to conclude that the
      subaxolemmal cytoskeleton in the squid giant axon is highly specialized, and is
      mainly composed of microtubules and a microtubule-associated HMW protein
      (axolinin), and actin filaments and an actin filament-associated HMW protein (255
      kD protein).

PMID- 3700475
TI  - Subaxolemmal cytoskeleton in squid giant axon. II. Morphological identification
      of microtubule- and microfilament-associated domains of axolemma.
AB  - In the preceding paper (Kobayashi, T., S. Tsukita, S. Tsukita, Y. Yamamoto, and
      G. Matsumoto, 1986, J. Cell Biol., 102:1710-1725), we demonstrated biochemically
      that the subaxolemmal cytoskeleton of the squid giant axon was highly specialized
      and mainly composed of tubulin, actin, axolinin, and a 255-kD protein. In this
      paper, we analyzed morphologically the molecular organization of the subaxolemmal
      cytoskeleton in situ. For thin section electron microscopy, the subaxolemmal
      cytoskeleton was chemically fixed by the intraaxonal perfusion of the fixative
      containing tannic acid. With this fixation method, the ultrastructural integrity
      was well preserved. For freeze-etch replica electron microscopy, the
      intraaxonally perfused axon was opened and rapidly frozen by touching its inner
      surface against a cooled copper block (4 degrees K), thus permitting the direct
      stereoscopic observation of the cytoplasmic surface of the axolemma. Using these
      techniques, it became clear that the major constituents of the subaxolemmal
      cytoskeleton were microfilaments and microtubules. The microfilaments were
      observed to be associated with the axolemma through a specialized meshwork of
      thin strands, forming spot-like clusters just beneath the axolemma. These
      filaments were decorated with heavy meromyosin showing a characteristic arrowhead
      appearance. The microtubules were seen to run parallel to the axolemma and
      embedded in the fine three-dimensional meshwork of thin strands. In vitro
      observations of the aggregates of axolinin and immunoelectron microscopic
      analysis showed that this fine meshwork around microtubules mainly consisted of
      axolinin. Some microtubules grazed along the axolemma and associated laterally
      with it through slender strands. Therefore, we were led to conclude that the
      axolemma of the squid giant axon was specialized into two domains (microtubule-
      and microfilament-associated domains) by its underlying cytoskeletons.

PMID- 3700476
TI  - Lateral regionalization and diffusion of a maturation-dependent antigen in the
      ram sperm plasma membrane.
AB  - We have used a monoclonal antibody ESA 152 in fluorescence recovery after
      photobleaching (FPR) studies of a maturation-dependent surface antigen of ram
      sperm. The antibody is an immunoglobulin G secreted by a hybridoma derived from
      NS1 mouse myeloma cells. The ESA 152 antigen is not detectable in testicular
      sperm. It is localized on the surface of ejaculated sperm where it is present on
      all regions of the surface, but tends to be concentrated on the posterior region
      of the head. The ESA 152 antigen can be extracted by detergents or chloroform
      methanol. The extracted antigen is sensitive to proteases and migrates with an
      apparent Mr approximately 30,000 in SDS-containing 10-20% polyacrylamide gradient
      gels. FPR measurements of ESA 152 lateral mobility in the membrane yield
      diffusion coefficients in the range 10(-9)-10(-8) cm2/s, values typical of lipids
      but observed for proteins only at the fluid dynamic limit where diffusion is
      controlled by lipid fluidity. Immobile fractions, typical of membrane proteins,
      are observed on all regions. When the antigen is stained by a fluoresceinated Fab
      fragment of the ESA 152 antibody, the diffusibility is highly regionalized, with
      particularly low, but rapid, recovery on the midpiece. Cross-linking of the
      antigen with the intact ESA 152 antibody induces a redistribution in which the
      antigen is excluded from the posterior head region. This cross-linking is
      accompanied by increases in ESA 152 diffusibility on both the anterior head and
      the midpiece.

PMID- 3700477
TI  - Fibrillar organization of fibronectin is expressed coordinately with cell surface
      gangliosides in a variant murine fibroblast.
AB  - NCTC 2071A cells, a line of transformed murine fibroblasts, grow in serum-free
      medium, are deficient in gangliosides, synthesize fibronectin, but do not retain
      and organize it on the cell surface. When the cells are exposed to exogenous
      gangliosides, fibrillar strands of fibronectin become attached to the cell
      surface. A morphologically distinct variant of NCTC 2071A cells was observed to
      both retain cell surface fibronectin and organize it into a fibrillar network
      when the cells were stained with anti-fibronectin antibodies and a fluorescent
      second antibody. A revertant cell type appeared to resemble the parental NCTC
      2071A cells in terms of morphology and fibronectin organization. All three cell
      types were subjected to mild NaIO4 oxidation and reduction with KB3H4 of very
      high specific radioactivity in order to label the sialic acid residues of surface
      gangliosides. The variant had much more surface gangliosides than the parental,
      particularly more complex gangliosides corresponding to GM1 and GD1a. The surface
      gangliosides of the revertant were intermediate between the parental and the
      variant. By using sialidase, which hydrolyzes GD1a to GM1, and 125I-labeled
      cholera toxin, which binds specifically to GM1, the identity and levels of these
      gangliosides were confirmed in the three cell types. When variant cells were
      exposed to sialidase for 2 d, there appeared to be little change in fibronectin
      organization. Concomitant treatment of the cells with the B subunit of cholera
      toxin, which bound to all the surface GM1 including that generated by the
      sialidase, however, eliminated the fibrillar network of fibronectin. In addition,
      exposure of the variant cells to a 70,000-mol-wt fragment of fibronectin, which
      lacks the cell attachment domain but contains a matrix assembly domain, inhibited
      the formation of fibers. Finally, all three cell types were assayed for their
      ability to attach to and spread on fibronectin-coated surfaces; no significant
      differences were found. Our results further establish that the ability of a cell
      to organize fibronectin into an extracellular matrix is dependent on certain
      gangliosides, but they also indicate that cell adhesion to fibronectin is
      independent of these gangliosides. We suggest that matrix organization and cell
      attachment and spreading are based on separate mechanisms and that these
      functions are associated with different cell surface "receptors."

PMID- 3700478
TI  - Studies on the regulation of beta-nerve growth factor gene expression in the rat
      iris: the level of mRNA-encoding nerve growth factor is increased in irises
      placed in explant cultures in vitro, but not in irises deprived of sensory or
      sympathetic innervation in vivo.
AB  - Beta-nerve growth factor (NGF) is a protein necessary for the survival and
      maintenance of sympathetic and sensory neurons that appears to be produced by the
      target tissues of these neurons in vivo. Both denervation and the culture of
      explants of one model target, the rat iris, leads to an increase in the NGF
      content, suggesting that innervating neurons may regulate a step in synthesis or
      turnover of NGF. To determine whether there is a change in synthesis controlled
      at the mRNA level, the rat iris has been assayed for its content of NGF mRNA
      after surgical and chemical denervation and after explant into culture. Using a
      sensitive blot hybridization assay, a large, rapid increase in the content of NGF
      mRNA was observed upon explant of the rat iris. The increase was readily
      detectable within 1 h, reached a maximum increase of 10- to 20-fold by 6 to 12 h,
      and was still evident after 3 d in culture. The distribution of NGF mRNA in
      different areas of the iris does not change during this time. This rapid increase
      in NGF mRNA is also seen in the fully innervated iris in vivo after trauma to the
      anterior chamber. In contrast, denervation to varying degrees in situ had no
      effect on NGF mRNA levels. Neither removal of sympathetic innervation by surgical
      or chemical methods nor combined surgical removal of sympathetic and sensory
      innervation detectably altered NGF mRNA content. Thus, denervation of the rat
      iris in situ does not cause the observed accumulation of NGF by increasing the
      level of NGF mRNA, and the increase in NGF content must be due to other factors.

PMID- 3700479
TI  - Endothelial diaphragmed fenestrae: in vitro modulation by phorbol myristate
      acetate.
AB  - Cultured microvascular endothelial cells isolated from fenestrated capillaries
      have been shown to express many properties of their in vivo differentiated
      phenotype, yet they contain very few diaphragmed fenestrae. We show here that
      treatment of capillary endothelial cells with the tumor promoter, 4 beta-phorbol
      12-myristate 13-acetate, induces more than a fivefold increase in the frequency
      of fenestrae per micron 2 of cell surface, as determined from a quantitative
      evaluation on freeze-fracture replicas. In quick-frozen, deep-etched
      preparations, the endothelial fenestrae appeared to be bridged by a diaphragm
      composed of radial fibers interweaving in a central mesh, as previously observed
      in vivo. These results indicate that diaphragmed fenestrae are inducible
      structures, and provide an opportunity to study them in vitro.

PMID- 3700480
TI  - Structural determinants of the capacity of heparin to inhibit the proliferation
      of vascular smooth muscle cells. II. Evidence for a pentasaccharide sequence that
      contains a 3-O-sulfate group.
AB  - Earlier work from our laboratory demonstrated that heparin inhibited the
      proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in vivo and in vitro. Both
      anticoagulant and non-anticoagulant heparin species were equally effective as
      antiproliferative agents. Previous structure-function studies indicated that
      hexasaccharide and larger fragments retained antiproliferative activity, whereas
      tetra- and disaccharides were inactive. These experiments also suggested that
      both N- and O-sulfates of heparin were necessary for growth inhibitory capacity.
      In this paper, we have further analyzed the structural determinants of the
      antiproliferative activity of heparin. These experiments were done using
      synthetically prepared and therefore chemically defined heparin oligosaccharides.
      We present evidence that a pentasaccharide fragment retains antiproliferative
      activity, and that the 3-O-sulfate on the internal glucosamine residue is
      critical for growth inhibitory capacity of the pentasaccharide. We also show that
      heparins obtained from different manufacturers differ significantly in their
      ability to suppress smooth muscle cell proliferation.

PMID- 3700481
TI  - Expression of phenotypic traits following modulation of colchicine resistance in
      J774.2 cells.
AB  - Development of resistance to colchicine in the mouse macrophage-like cell line
      J774.2 coincides with the expression of a variety of phenotypic traits. A cloned
      subline (J7/CLC-20), maintained in 20 microM colchicine, exhibits reduced steady
      state association with drug, increased presence of a 140,000-145,000 dalton (140
      145 kD) phosphoglycoprotein associated with the plasma membrane, double minute
      chromosomes and cross-resistance to other drugs. While similar phenotypic traits
      are observed in J774.2 cells resistant to taxol and vinblastine, differences in
      the electrophoretic mobilities of the resistance-specific glycoproteins in each
      of the three sublines suggest that multi-drug resistant sublines exhibit
      specificity for individual drugs. In an attempt to elucidate the relationships
      between the phenotypic traits associated with colchicine resistance, the degree
      of colchicine resistance in J7/CLC-20 cells was modulated and the levels of
      expression of the phenotypic traits were quantitated. In the absence of
      colchicine in the growth medium, J7/CLC-20 cells reverted to drug sensitivity
      within 35 days. A decrease in the level of resistance coincided with coordinate
      changes in both the quantity of the resistance-specific glycoprotein and the
      average number of double minute chromosomes. We propose that the emergence and
      disappearance of the resistance-specific glycoprotein and double minute
      chromosomes may be closely linked. However, J7/CLC-20 cells which had regained
      their drug sensitivity after growth in drug-free medium maintained a reduced
      level of steady-state drug association. The persistence of reduced drug
      association in cells that have reverted to a drug-sensitive state suggests that
      this phenomenon, although related to colchicine resistance, need not be the
      primary or only mechanism of drug resistance.

PMID- 3700482
TI  - Immediate effects of serum depletion on dissociation between growth in size and
      cell division in proliferating 3T3 cells.
AB  - Proliferating nonconfluent 3T3 cells become committed to proceed through the cell
      cycle or to enter G0 during the first post-mitotic part of G1 (G1pm). The
      decision to proceed through G1pm is dependent on the presence of serum growth
      factors in the culture medium. Cells that have passed this particular growth
      factor-dependent cell cycle stage are independent of serum growth factors and
      undergo mitosis on schedule. We report here that G1ps, S, and G2 cells cease to
      increase in size when serum is withdrawn. As a result the mitotic cell size after
      8 hours serum starvation is reduced to approximately 60% of the normal mitotic
      cell. This reduced growth in cell size is due to a rapid decrease in protein
      synthesis and some increase in protein degradation. This dissociation between
      growth in size and cell-cycle progression within a single cell cycle provides a
      new approach to study the two processes separately.

PMID- 3700483
TI  - N-myc and c-src genes are differentially regulated in PCC7 embryonal carcinoma
      cells undergoing neuronal differentiation.
AB  - We examined the expression of N-myc, c-myc, and c-src in four embryonic carcinoma
      (EC) cell lines during different states of cell growth and following induction of
      in vitro differentiation. N-myc mRNA was detected in undifferentiated cells of
      four EC cell lines (PCC7, PCC3, PCC4, F9) neither of which showed N-myc gene
      amplification. No N-myc transcripts could be detected in mRNA prepared from a
      murine neuroblastoma cell line and from a murine fibroblast line. The level of N
      myc mRNA decreased by 85% when PCC7 EC cells were induced by retinoic acid and
      cAMP treatment to form nerve-like cells. Six days after induction, the PCC7 cells
      changed into aggregates of neurofilament positive cells with massive neurite
      outgrowths. At this stage DNA replication had been reduced by more than 95%. The
      decreased N-myc expression in induced PCC7 cells was parallelled by 300-500%
      increase in c-src expression. Slowing of cell multiplication by serum starvation,
      on the other hand, did not affect the level of N-myc or c-src mRNA levels in PCC7
      cells. C-myc was expressed in all EC lines except PCC7, which surprisingly did
      not express c-myc even at an exponential rate of proliferation. Chemical
      induction of F9 EC cells to form visceral endoderm or parietal endoderm resulted
      in markedly reduced (85%) levels of N-myc transcripts. A similar decline in c-myc
      expression was found in differentiated F9 cells. No c-src transcripts were
      detected in proliferating or differentiated F9 cells. These results suggest that
      N-myc may be expressed not only in neural development, but also in very early,
      undetermined embryonic cells. The activation of c-src expression when PCC7 EC
      cells differentiate into nerve-like cells shows that the pattern of proto
      oncogene expression may change during a differentiation process, some proto
      oncogenes increasing, others decreasing their representation in the mRNA pool.

PMID- 3700484
TI  - Increased phagocytosis of outer segments in the presence of serum by cultured
      normal, but not dystrophic, rat retinal pigment epithelium.
AB  - Cultured normal rat retinal pigment epithelium (PE) ingested six times more rod
      outer segments in the presence of 20% fetal bovine serum than in serum-free
      medium. PE cultured from Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats with hereditary
      retinal dystrophy, known to have a defect in vivo in the phagocytosis of shed
      outer segment tips, ingested amounts of outer segments comparable to normal PE in
      serum-free medium but did not show an increase in the presence of serum. In both
      strains of rat PE phagocytosis of latex spheres was similar in the absence of
      serum and was six-fold higher in the presence of serum, showing that the RCS
      phagocytic deficiency for outer segments in vitro is not due to a general defect
      in the phagocytic capacity of the cell. Increased phagocytosis of outer segments
      by normal PE was observed in the presence of the high molecular weight fraction
      of ultrafiltered serum but was not seen with serum that was heated at 93 degrees
      C or precipitated with 5% trichloroacetic acid. Bovine serum albumin had no
      effect on phagocytosis. These results are consistent with the idea that the
      phagocytosis of outer segments by cultured normal rat PE, but not by cultured RCS
      rat PE, is increased in the presence of a specific protein or other
      macromolecular component of fetal bovine serum.

PMID- 3700485
TI  - Modulation of smooth muscle cell behaviour by platelet-derived factors and the
      extracellular matrix.
AB  - We have studied the combined effects of platelet-derived soluble factors and
      three types of macromolecular substrata on the proliferation and migration of
      smooth muscle cells in vitro. Bovine aortic smooth muscle cells were plated onto
      three-dimensional gels of type I collagen or onto cell-free extracellular
      matrices deposited on such gels by either bovine aortic endothelial cells or
      smooth muscle cells. The cells were cultured in the presence of whole-blood serum
      (WBS) or platelet-poor plasma (PPP). Smooth muscle cell proliferation on type I
      collagen gels was dependent on the presence of platelet-derived factors, i.e. the
      cells proliferated in the presence of WBS but not in PPP. In contrast, cell
      proliferation on the extracellular matrices occurred at the same rate in PPP and
      WBS. Smooth muscle cells plated onto collagen gels rapidly migrated down into the
      gel matrix; the percentage of cells migrating was inversely proportional to cell
      density. The presence of extracellular matrices did not alter the rate of cell
      migration into the underlying gel matrix. Irrespective of the substratum used,
      smooth muscle cell migration was independent of platelet-derived or plasma
      factors and occurred in the absence of proliferation. These results indicate that
      possible chemotactic, chemokinetic, and/or mitogenic factors produced by the
      vascular cells and deposited within the extracellular matrix may play an
      important role in modulating smooth muscle cell behaviour in the vascular wall.

PMID- 3700487
TI  - Complications in hand surgery.

PMID- 3700486
TI  - Retinoic acid effect on cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases in embryonal
      carcinoma cells: studies with differentiation-defective sublines.
AB  - Retinoic acid induces the differentiation of PCC4.aza 1R and Nulli-SCC1 embryonal
      carcinoma (EC) cells. In response to retinoic acid treatment, the levels of
      cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinases are enhanced in the plasma membrane
      within 17 hours and in the cytosol fractions of these cells within 2 to 3 days,
      as determined by phosphotransferase activity and by 8-azido-cyclic [32P]AMP
      binding to the RI and RII regulatory subunits. PCC4 (RA)-1 and Nulli (RA)-1 are
      mutant EC lines that fail to differentiate in response to retinoic acid. The
      former line, but not the latter, lacks cellular retinoic acid-binding protein
      (cRABP). Basal levels of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activities are elevated in
      PCC4 (RA)-1 cells. When these cells are treated with retinoic acid, neither cAMP
      dependent protein kinase activities nor cAMP binding activities are enhanced;
      rather, there is a decrease in cytosolic kinase activity and RI subunit. On the
      other hand, Nulli (RA)-1 cells exhibit increases both in cAMP-dependent protein
      kinase activities and cAMP binding in response to retinoic acid. These results
      raise the possibility that cRABP mediates the enhancement of regulatory and
      catalytic subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinases in both the membrane and the
      cytosolic fractions of the teratocarcinoma cells. There also might be some
      effects of retinoic acid on the cAMP-dependent protein kinase that are unrelated
      to differentiation and to the presence of cRABP.

PMID- 3700488
TI  - Complications from tourniquet use.
AB  - Complications of tourniquet use are rare, but when they do occur, they may be
      devastating. This article outlines potential complications of tourniquet use and
      recommends measures that can be taken by clinicians using this valuable and
      potentially dangerous tool.

PMID- 3700489
TI  - Complications of phalangeal and metacarpal fractures.
AB  - Most of the complications described in this paper can be prevented by strict
      adherence to well established principles of fracture care in the hand and careful
      attention to detail in the application of those principles. Some complications
      are unavoidable, however, and an attempt has been made here to offer some
      suggestions regarding the management of established complications following
      fractures of the phalanges and metacarpals.

PMID- 3700490
TI  - Complications in tendon injury and surgery.
AB  - Despite continued improvement in the methods used to treat tendon injury,
      problems still arise. Careful attention paid to the details of surgical
      indications, technique, and postoperative management will prevent or reduce the
      effects of complications in this difficult area of hand surgery.

PMID- 3700491
TI  - Complications of vascular conditions in the hand.
AB  - Complications of vascular injuries, diseases, and reconstruction are all
      avoidable. Careful diagnosis and presurgical management, as well as surgical
      management and observation in the postoperative stage, will allow the treating
      physician to pick up impending complications and treat them accordingly. Close
      attention to detail in all three of these areas and close observation will
      prevent these complications.

PMID- 3700492
TI  - Complications of the perionychium.
AB  - The anatomy and physiology of the perionychium are reviewed and complications
      secondary to trauma, to miscellaneous problems (such as neuroma, infections, and
      cysts), and to tumors are discussed.

PMID- 3700493
TI  - Monitoring of individual human exposure to aflatoxins (AF) and N-nitrosamines
      (NNO) by immunoassays.
AB  - Highly sensitive immunoassays have been used to quantitate aflatoxins (AF) and N
      nitrosamines (NNO) in human body fluids and tissues, respectively. This approach
      was taken in order to quantitate environmental exposure to these agents at an
      individual level to facilitate the investigation of their role in the etiology of
      human cancer. In order to analyse AF in human urine, an immunopurification step
      has been developed by using AF-specific antibody bound to AH-Sepharose 4B gel in
      a small (4-ml gel volume) affinity column prior to enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay (ELISA). The ELISA can be used to quantitate aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) over the
      range 0.01 ng/ml to 10 ng/ml and the assay system has been validated by using
      human urine samples spiked with AFB1 over this concentration range. In addition,
      29 urine samples from the Philippines have been analysed and found to contain a
      range of levels from zero to 4.25 ng/ml AFB1 equivalent with a mean of 0.875
      ng/ml. This compared with a mean of 0.066 ng/ml AFB1 equivalent in samples from
      France. Radioimmunoassay of O6-methyldeoxyguanosine (O6-medG) has been performed
      on human oesophageal and cardiac stomach mucosal DNA from tissue samples obtained
      during surgery in Linxian County, People's Republic of China, an area of high
      risk for both oesophageal and stomach cancer. Using the methodology described and
      having 1 mg of hydrolyzed DNA allows the detection of approximately 25 fmol
      O6medG per mg DNA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3700494
TI  - Fine structure of gels prepared from an actin-binding protein and actin:
      comparison to cytoplasmic extracts and cortical cytoplasm in amoeboid cells of
      cortical cytoplasm in amoeboid cells of Dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - We have identified the three-dimensional ultrastructure of actin gels that are
      formed in well-characterized cell extracts and mixtures of purified actin and the
      120K actin-binding protein and compared these to the ultrastructure of the
      cytoplasmic matrix in regions of nonextracted Dictyostelium amoebae that are rich
      in actin and 120K. This ultrastructural characterization was achieved by using
      critical-point-dried whole-mount preparations. All three preparations--gelled
      extracts, purified proteins, and cortical cytoplasm--are composed of filament
      networks. The basic morphological feature of these networks is the presence of
      contacts between convergent filaments resulting in "T" or "X" shaped contacts.
      The finding that actin-containing gels are composed of filament networks, where
      the primary interaction occurs between convergent filaments, reconciles the known
      requirement of F actin for gelation with the amorphous appearance of these gels
      in thin sections. Increasing the molar ratio of 120K dimer to actin monomer
      increases the number of contacts between filaments per unit volume and decreases
      the lengths of filaments between contacts. This indicates that 120K stabilizes
      interactions between filaments and is consistent with biochemical evidence that
      120K crosslinks actin filaments. The cortical network in situ resembles more
      closely networks formed in 120K-rich extracts than networks assembled in mixtures
      of purified 120K and actin. The heterogeneity of filament diameters and variation
      of network density are properties shared by extracts and the cytomatrix in situ
      while networks found in purified 120K-actin gels have filament diameters and
      densities that are more uniform. These differences are certainly due to the more
      complex composition of cell extracts and cortical cytoplasm as compared to that
      of purified 120K-actin gels.

PMID- 3700495
TI  - Reevaluation of the hydrophobic nature of the 110-kD calmodulin-, actin-, and
      membrane-binding protein of the intestinal microvillus.
AB  - A complex of calmodulin (CM) and the 110-kD (110K) subunit composes the helical
      array of cross-bridges linking the microvillus actin filament bundle with the
      membrane. The hydrophobic properties of the 110K protein, assessed by the
      detergent phase partitioning assay [Bordier C: J Biol Chem 256:1604, 1981], are
      highly dependent on the solution conditions used in its isolation. The ATP
      dissociable 110K-CM complex [Howe and Mooseker: J Cell Biol 97:974, 1983]
      exhibits hydrophilic characteristics in this assay. In contrast, the 110K subunit
      extracted from brush borders by Triton X-100, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and sodium
      pyrophosphate (detergent-treated 110K) [Glenney JR, Glenney P: Cell 37:743, 1984]
      behaves as a hydrophobic protein. However, because the soluble hydrophilic 110K
      CM can be rendered hydrophobic by treating the complex with the same detergent
      and salt conditions used in the preparation of detergent-treated 110K, the
      properties of detergent-treated 110K seem likely to be an effect of the solution
      conditions on its native conformation, sedimentability, or exposure of binding
      domains. In addition, the detergent-treated 110K is devoid of calmodulin and no
      longer exhibits the actin-binding activity characteristic of the ATP-dissociable
      110K-CM and of the intact complex in situ. With two partially purified
      preparations of the 110K subunit exhibiting such dramatically distinct
      properties, it seems premature to define the nature of the 110K subunit's
      association with the membrane at this time.

PMID- 3700496
TI  - [Primary choledocholithiasis. Apropos of a case, with review of the literature].
AB  - A case study of recurrent bile duct stones, with history of six operations on the
      bile ducts, is mentioned for his documentary value. The authors give current
      definitions of recurrent bile stones and give some considerations on surgical and
      non surgical procedures to treat primary bile stones. Finally, they discuss
      operative bile duct lesions.

PMID- 3700497
TI  - [Vascular injuries of the limbs. Evaluation of 106 lesions in 76 patients].
AB  - A total of 106 lesions due to vascular injuries (noniatrogenic) to limbs were
      treated in 81 patients at the CHR, Rennes (Cardiovascular and Thoracic Unit)
      between 1970 and 1983. Analysis of data allowed a profile of arterial lesions
      (type and location) to be retraced, and demonstrated the high frequency of
      associated lesions, these varying in distribution according to whether the upper
      limbs (major seriousness of neurologic sequelae) or lower limbs (very high
      incidence of osteoarticular lesions) were involved. Among the "immutable"
      severity factors (related to the injury) emphasis has to be placed on "contending
      or crush injuries", widely displaced lesions, extensive arterial dilacerations
      (middle segments of limbs) and multiple vascular lesions. This study focused
      attention mainly on the tactical and technical factors allowing improvement in
      the always reserved prognosis of these lesions. Firstly, by maximum reduction in
      the duration of ischemia by early diagnosis (to avoid referral to a "second
      hand") and by judicious indication for angiography (conducted preferably in the
      operation room and if necessary repeated after vascular repair surgery).
      Secondly, by repair of lesions in conformity with well established rules and
      principles: bone stabilization initially, formal venous repair surgery for large
      venous trunks, preferably "conservative" surgery of arterial vessels to ensure a
      perfect result initially (any recovery operation results in a very high incidence
      of failures).

PMID- 3700498
TI  - [Absence of the appendix. Apropos of a case].
AB  - A case of congenital absence of the appendix is reported by the authors. It is a
      very rare anatomic finding, the frequency of which is about 1 p. 100 000. The
      awareness of this malformation must not authorize young surgeon to forsake a
      difficult search of the appendix. The diagnosis should not be made unless the
      entire right colon and the ileo-cecal area are mobilized and thoroughly explored.

PMID- 3700499
TI  - [Evaluation of the surgical risk in surgery of aneurysms of the abdominal aorta.
      Therapeutic deductions. Apropos of a retrospective study of 250 surgically
      treated aneurysms].
AB  - A retrospective study of 250 patients operated upon for infrarenal abdominal
      aorta aneurysm provided data for evaluation of the surgical risk as a function of
      three developmental situations: asymptomatic aneurysms, aneurysms evolving by
      subacute symptomatology and ruptured aneurysms. Mortality varied as a function of
      group, being 3% for the asymptomatic group, 21% for evolving aneurysms and 69%
      for ruptured aneurysms. Perioperative mortality was related to age and
      cardiovascular risk factors. Various clinical and pathologic aspects as well as
      means of follow up review are discussed, allowing definition of therapy as a
      function of previous clinical status and evolution of the aneurysm.

PMID- 3700500
TI  - [Surgery of Conn's syndrome. Apropos of 16 cases].
AB  - Operation for tumors responsible for a Conn's syndrome was performed in 16
      patients, 11 women and 5 men, over a period of 13 years, the average time before
      diagnosis being 5 1/2 years. All patients presented hypertension, permanent in 14
      and paroxysmal in 2 cases while blood potassium levels were below 3 mmol/l in all
      patients. Diagnosis was confirmed by elevation of plasma aldosterone and of urine
      tetrahydroaldosterone, associated with low plasma renin activity not responding
      to a stimulus. The tumor was demonstrated by imaging in 15 cases before operation
      and its mean size was 1.7 cm. Investigatory methods for diagnosis and
      localization are discussed. One patient died during the immediate post-operative
      period from decompensated cardiac failure. Long-term review showed persistent
      hypertension in 5 patients but electrolyte disturbances were corrected in all
      cases. Lack of consistency of results of surgical reduction in case of
      hyperplasia suggests that only patients with hyperaldosteronism related to an
      adrenal cortex tumor should be operated upon.

PMID- 3700501
TI  - [Adrenal-posterior pituitary imbalance in digestive cancer patients].
AB  - In a group of 10 patients with a cancer of the digestive tract, some
      investigations, performed before the surgical intervention, showed the evidence
      of an adrenal-postpituitary imbalance in favour of the second term. During a
      water loading, the plasmatic cortisol rates stayed more higher by cancerous
      subjects than by controls (but not the plasmatic aldosterone rates);
      nevertheless, the vasopressin secretion rates could be considered as more higher
      yet in cancerous subjects because the free water clearances were significantly
      lowered by these patients. Such results have to be put in relation with the
      opposite effects of vasopressin and corticoids on the cell mitosis, as well as
      with some therapeutical attempts that end to check this type of endocrine
      imbalance.

PMID- 3700502
TI  - [Infectious complications of diverticular sigmoiditis: can the failure of medical
      treatment be predicted?].
AB  - A retrospective study of case histories of 36 patients with infectious
      complications of sigmoid diverticulitis (excluding peritonitis) compared
      clinical, biologic and radiologic signs in a group responding favorably to
      medical treatment (24 cases) and a group requiring surgery after a mean of 9 days
      of treatment in a surgical ward (12 cases). Six signs were found to be related to
      the course of the disease: a painful left iliac mass on admission, persistence or
      increase in pain after 48 hours, absence of restoration of normal intestinal
      transit, temperature below 36.5 degrees C or above 37.8 degrees C, leucocytosis
      of less than 2,500 or more than 13,500/mm3, evidence of radiologic stenosis by
      simple contrast enema. A prospective study could assess the prognostic value of
      these signs as determinants of failure to respond to medical treatment.

PMID- 3700503
TI  - [Autotransplantation of the spleen. A new possibility in the conservative surgery
      of the spleen].
AB  - Conservative surgery to spleen is an ancient concept brought up-to date by
      improved knowledge of its fundamental roles in immunity and anti-bacterial
      defences. Suture of spleen and partial splenectomy ensure the best possible
      functional results but have technical limitations resulting frequently in
      splenectomy to provide hemostasis. Data from clinical and experimental studies
      and reports in the literature have demonstrated that autotransplantation of
      spleen is a simple, safe and effective method for preventing the true dangers of
      asplenia. Optimal results from autotransplantation of spleen are obtained when
      the injured organ is broken into small fragments which are then implanted into
      small spaces fashioned in the greater omentum. Clinical and biological tests to
      evaluate functional value of these transplants have shown that results approach
      those of a normal or sutured spleen. It is concluded that this procedure, which
      completes other conservative methods of splenic surgery, should definitely
      exclude hemostasis splenectomy from therapy of injuries to spleen.

PMID- 3700504
TI  - [Crossed ilio- and femoro-femoral revascularizations. Apropos of 50 cases].
AB  - Results are reported after a mean follow up of 3 years (max: 8 years) of cross
      over ilio- and femoro-femoral revascularizations performed in 50 patients for
      severe arterial disease of lower limbs. Mean age of the patients was 62 years.
      Operative mortality was nil and immediate permeability 98%. Five year actuarial
      curves showed a survival rate of 76%, and a permeability of 71% globally and of
      85% in patients under 55 years of age. Limb conservation rate was 90%
      (amputations). Tolerance and reliability of these cross-over revascularizations
      are discussed, and precise details given of the anatomic and functional
      conditions of the donor limb that allow use of the method, the technique involved
      and the associated procedures on the donor arterial axis and the place of this
      cross-over type of surgery. It is concluded from analysis of the literature and
      the author's personal experience that ilio- or femoro-femoral bypass surgery is a
      well tolerated rational procedure. Its indication of choice is for iliac
      thromboses (arterial or prosthetic) in elderly patients exposed to the risk of an
      anatomic repair, but its use is also justified in young patients for aortic
      sparing by avoiding immediate performance of an aortofemoral revascularization.

PMID- 3700505
TI  - Ninth International Symposium on Column Liquid Chromatography. Edinburgh (U.K.),
      July 1-5, 1985. Proceedings. Part I.

PMID- 3700506
TI  - Quantitative retention relationships as a function of mobile and C18 stationary
      phase composition for non-cogeneric solutes.
AB  - Twelve non-homologous solutes with a wide range of functional groups were
      chromatographed on a series of well-characterized stationary phases with a range
      of methanol-water mobile phases. Retention correlations were found for quantum
      mechanically calculated molecular parameters. These parameters, the total
      molecular energy, and the maximal excess electronic charge difference, were found
      to be better descriptors of retention than the dipole moment or fragmental
      constants. The implication of these results in terms of retention mechanisms on
      reversed-phase materials are discussed.

PMID- 3700507
TI  - Analysis of tumour-localizing haematoporphyrin derivative by high-performance
      liquid chromatography and fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry.
AB  - Reversed-phase chromatography using a MOS-Hypersil (C8) column with methanol-1 M
      ammonium acetate buffer (pH 4.6) (60:40) as mobile phase has been developed for
      the isolation of tumour-localizing haematoporphyrin derivative (HPD). The system
      effectively resolved the diastereoisomers of haematoporphyrin and its acetyl
      derivatives. The chromatography peaks were identified by fast-atom bombardment
      mass spectrometry and were confirmed by chemical synthesis. The main components
      of HPD before alkaline hydrolysis were diacetylhaematoporphyrin, 8-(1
      acetoxyethyl)haematoporphyrin and 3-(1-acetoxyethyl)haematoporphyrin with small
      amounts of haematoporphyrin, 8-(1-hydroxyethyl)-3-vinyldeuteroporphyrin, 3-(1
      hydroxyethyl)-8-vinyldeuteroporphyrin, 8-(1-acetoxyethyl)-3
      vinyldeuteroporphyrin, 3-(1-acetoxyethyl)-8-vinyldeuteroporphyrin and
      protoporphyrin. After hydrolysis with 0.1 M sodium hydroxide, the main components
      were haematoporphyrin, hydroxyethylvinyldeuteroporphyrins, and protoporphyrin.

PMID- 3700508
TI  - Comparison of reversed-phase and anion-exchange high-performance liquid
      chromatography for the analysis of human growth hormones.
AB  - Separation of human growth hormones (hGH) has been studied by three
      chromatographic methods: gel filtration chromatography, reversed-phase high
      performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and anion-exchange HPLC. Six growth
      hormone preparations were used to characterize the systems: two pituitary
      extracts (an old freeze-dried purified extract A, and a freshly extracted frozen
      pituitary B); two purified forms (hGH20K and dimer); and two chemically modified
      monomeric forms (reduced and deamidated). Gel filtration chromatography (pH 8)
      separated the two pituitary extracts A and B into four components (monomeric,
      dimeric, aggregate and void material), the relative compositions of which were
      very similar in both extracts. Reversed-phase HPLC under acid dissociating
      conditions (pH 2) separated the extracts into four peaks (M1, M2, D and A). The
      first two components are both monomers: M1 contains all those forms where no
      major conformational change has occurred; M2 comprises forms with substantial
      conformational alteration (e.g. disulphide bridge cleavage). Component D includes
      the interchain disulphide dimer, whilst A is an uncharacterized oligomeric form.
      Anion-exchange HPLC (pH 8) separated extract A into four regions of
      immunoreactivity. Region 1 contains hGH20K separated from hGH22K; region 2
      includes other monomeric charge variants; region 3 is a broad peak which includes
      true dimers of hGH20K and hGH22K, as well as loosely aggregated monomer. Region 4
      is another broad peak, presumably containing a higher-molecular-weight hGH form
      or forms. All the hGH forms (identified and unidentified) can be separated by
      sequential use of two out of three chromatographic methods. No two forms found so
      far co-eluted in all three systems.

PMID- 3700509
TI  - Comparison of electrochemical detection methods in liquid chromatography for the
      determination of N-acetylcysteine in plasma.
AB  - Three electrochemical detection systems for the liquid chromatography of N
      acetylcysteine in plasma have been compared: a dropping-mercury electrode
      detector, an amalgamated-gold electrode detector and a system in which iodine is
      generated electrochemically in the column effluent. The last detector approaches
      the reproducibility of the first (R.S.D. = 2%) and is as sensitive as the second,
      with a detection limit of 0.1 micrograms/ml plasma.

PMID- 3700511
TI  - Ninth International Symposium on Column Liquid Chromatography. Edinburgh (U.K.),
      July 1-5, 1985. Proceedings. Part II.

PMID- 3700510
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic screening and confirmation methods for
      chloramphenicol residues in meat with off-line cartridge sample clean-up and on
      line diode array UV-VIS detection.
AB  - Two high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods for the analysis and
      confirmation of residues of the antibiotic chloramphenicol in edible animal
      tissues are described. The first method consists of an aqueous extraction
      followed by purification through an Extrelut cartridge and toluene partition.
      With this simple and rapid method, meat samples can be screened at the 5
      micrograms/kg level. The second, more comprehensive, method is based on ethyl
      acetate extraction, followed by purification through a silica Sep-Pak cartridge
      and partition with buffer-diethyl ether and water-toluene. Confirmation of
      positive peaks at the 10 micrograms/kg level is performed by diode array UV-VIS
      detection. The recoveries for the two methods at the 10 micrograms/kg level are
      58 and 85% respectively, coefficients of variation 5-6%. With the confirmation
      method, glucuronide and sulphate conjugates can be determined. However, in a
      positive reference sample (pig) none was observed.

PMID- 3700512
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic column switching method for the
      determination of hydroxyproline in meat and meat products.
AB  - A method is described for the determination of 4-hydroxyproline in meat and meat
      products. The amino acid is converted to a sensitive fluorescent derivative with
      7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole. Chromatography of other (unwanted) amino
      acid derivatives is avoided by column switching, thereby shortening analysis
      time. The method is suitable for routine analysis and is applicable to the entire
      range of 4-hydroxyproline levels normally encountered in meat and meat products
      (0.05-12.5%).

PMID- 3700513
TI  - Measurement of blood levels of 7-dehydrocholesterol in man by high-performance
      liquid chromatography.
AB  - A high-performance liquid chromatography procedure was established to measure 7
      dehydrocholesterol (7DHC) in the blood. Interference studies were performed using
      20 similar compounds likely to give analytical errors. 7DHC was extracted with a
      methanol chloroform mixture. Extraction recoveries were reproducible and
      acceptable, with low methodological variations from batch-to-batch. Results show
      that 7DHC is not detectable in the blood, contrary to the previous reports.
      Possible explanations for its absence in the blood are: (1) it is confined to the
      skin and is not present in the blood in this form; (2) because the molecule is
      labile, it is destroyed by the methods applied; (3) previous reports on 7DHC
      levels were based on non-specific methods.

PMID- 3700514
TI  - Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of conjugated and
      unconjugated bilirubins in body fluids.
AB  - A novel high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system is described for the
      separation of bilirubin and its conjugates in body fluids. Biliary bilirubin mono
      and diglucuronide can be analysed directly on a C18 reversed-phase column with
      acetonitrile-dimethyl sulphoxide-0.1 M ammonium acetate (pH 5.16) (50:50:85,
      v/v/v) as mobile phase. However, the simultaneous determination of conjugated and
      unconjugated bilirubins in plasma required conversion of the conjugates into
      their methyl esters by alkaline methanolysis before HPLC separation of the C18
      column eluted with acetonitrile-dimethyl sulphoxide-0.50 M ammonium acetate (pH
      4.6) (50:50:40, v/v/v). The method is superior to, and more flexible than,
      previously described reversed-phase systems by allowing precise control of
      retention times by adjustment of pH, buffer concentration and the relative
      proportion of organic modifier in the mobile phase.

PMID- 3700515
TI  - Naturally occurring conjugated bile acids, measured by high-performance liquid
      chromatography, in human, dog, and rabbit bile.
AB  - The aim of this study was to determine the biliary pattern of conjugated bile
      acids after stimulation of their enterohepatic circulation. Conjugated bile acids
      were separated by reversed-phase ion-pair chromatography without prior
      derivatization. A MicroPak SP-C18-IP-4 column was used as non-polar matrix, and
      an ionic alkyl compound, tetrabutylammonium phosphate, was added to the mobile
      phase, which was a mixture of acetonitrile and water. Quantification was made by
      UV absorption at 210 nm with external standardization. In fourteen human patients
      with external biliary drainage after papillotomy there was preferential glycine
      conjugation. The mean values were 36.5% for glycocholic acid, 33% for
      glycochenodeoxycholic acid, and 10.0% for glycodeoxycholic acid. Only 15.2% of
      the biliary bile acids were taurine metabolites. Conjugates of ursodeoxycholic
      acid were below 2.1%. In most cases, conjugated lithocholic acid was not
      detected. Within 4 h after ingestion of a standardized meal there were no
      significant changes in the biliary bile acid pattern. In four dogs (beagles),
      glycine-conjugated bile acids were lacking. The mean values were 74.3% for
      taurocholic acid, 14.9% for taurodeoxycholic acid, and 5.3% for
      taurochenodeoxycholic acid. In six rabbits, 87.4% of biliary bile acids was
      identified as glycodeoxycholic acid and 5.3% as glycocholic acid. In conscious
      dogs, as well as in rabbits, the stimulation of biliary secretion by
      cholecystokinin and/or secretin had no effect on the biliary bile acid spectrum.
      Evidently, there is a difference in the biliary composition of conjugated bile
      acids between humans, dogs, and rabbits. Because of the different physicochemical
      behaviour of glycine- and taurine-conjugated bile salts, it seems difficult to
      compare the therapeutic effect of gallstone dissolution in various species.

PMID- 3700516
TI  - A comparison of methods for the high-performance liquid chromatographic and
      capillary gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of fatty acid esters.
AB  - A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method for the
      analysis of free fatty acids in plasma was compared with a method using capillary
      gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). The same extraction procedure was used for both
      assays. In the RP-HPLC method, the acids were separated as their anthrylmethyl
      esters on a C18 reversed-phase column, and detected by fluorescence. The coupling
      agent 2-bromo-1-methylpyridinium iodide was used with 9
      (hydroxymethyl)anthracene. A mobile phase of acetonitrile-water (98:2) was used
      with flow programming. The derivatives of the C14:0, C16:1 and C18:2 acids could
      not be fully resolved. For capillary GLC, the acids were separated as their
      methyl esters following on-column injection into a 25-m OV-101 glass capillary
      column and detected using flame ionization detection. The esterifying agent used
      was diazomethane. The C18:2 and C18:3 esters were not fully resolved. The
      precision and sensitivity of both methods were similar. In an application of the
      methods, the free fatty acid concentrations in the plasma of a group of diabetic
      patients and their age-matched controls were estimated. Fatty acid concentrations
      tended to be higher in the diabetic group but, in the small number of patients
      studied, wide inter-individual variations prevented a significant difference from
      being detected. Estimates of individual fatty acids were higher by the RP-HPLC
      method. The identity of the acids in the extract was confirmed by gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry of their methyl esters.

PMID- 3700517
TI  - Use of high-performance liquid chromatography in the measurement of in vitro
      acetylation in man.
AB  - Liquid chromatographic methods were developed for the study of the in vitro
      acetylation of the sulphonamide drug sulphamethazine and a series of aniline
      derivatives. The sensitivity of the methods have allowed data on the activity of
      the N-acetyltransferase enzyme(s) in man to be obtained. The use of bonded-phase
      columns with a series of organic mobile phases has been compared with reversed
      phase separation of the acetanilide derivatives, produced in the acetylation
      reaction.

PMID- 3700518
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of oleandomycin in serum and
      urine.
AB  - The determination of oleandomycin in serum and urine by high-performance liquid
      chromatography using erythromycin as internal standard is described. The
      separation was achieved on a reversed-phase C18 column employing acetonitrile
      0.05 M phosphate buffer (30:70), adjusted to pH 7.0, as the mobile phase with UV
      detection at 200 nm. A solid-phase extraction procedure, combined with a simple
      phase-separation step was used prior to chromatographic analysis. Linear
      calibration curves were obtained in the concentration ranges 0.25-5.0
      micrograms/ml (serum) and 1.0-25.0 micrograms/ml (urine). Precise quantitative
      analysis has been achieved at these levels with relative standard deviations of
      less than 5%.

PMID- 3700519
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography of tetracyclines.
AB  - The possibilities of two non-ionogenic resins (XAD-2 and PRP-1) in the
      chromatography of tetracyclines and their degradation products are described. It
      appears that, in contrast to silica-based materials, this type of column material
      produces linear calibration curves, even in the low nanogram range. Two different
      methods of sample pretreatment in bioanalysis of tetracyclines and their
      degradation products are compared with respect to selectivity towards the matrix
      background and recovery.

PMID- 3700520
TI  - Determination of urapidil and its metabolites in human serum and urine:
      comparison of liquid-liquid and fully automated liquid-solid extraction.
AB  - Direct injection of biological fluids into an automated pre-column system for
      high-performance liquid chromatographic quantitation of urapidil and its
      metabolites was compared with sample preparation by liquid-liquid extraction. On
      line sample purification and enrichment proved to be a superior method for
      quantitation of the parent compound and its metabolites in serum, plasma, and
      urine. The automatic procedure circumvents the disadvantages of conventional
      sample work-up by extraction, such as time-consuming and complicated sample
      preparation, the need for large samples, poor recovery, and formation of
      artefacts. Injection of 100 microliters of serum into the automated pre-column
      system, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical
      detection, gave a detection limit for urapidil and metabolites in serum of 5
      ng/ml. For urine samples with injection of 50 microliters the detection limit for
      the same compounds was 100 ng/ml using UV detection, which is adequate for
      evaluating renal excretion. Accuracy as well as precision of the analyses were
      better than 10% for concentrations above 100 ng/ml. In contrast to the direct
      injection method, liquid-liquid extraction requires 1-2 ml of serum, plasma, or
      urine for clean-up. Moreover, the extraction yield for the main human metabolite
      is significantly lower, and its stability after extraction is inadequate for
      using an autosampler. The direct injection method was applied in studying the
      pharmacokinetics and metabolism of urapidil in healthy volunteers and patients.
      So far, ca. 15 000 urapidil samples (both serum or plasma and urine) have been
      analysed by this technique.

PMID- 3700522
TI  - Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the
      determination of potency and impurities in tazadolene succinate bulk drug and
      capsules.
AB  - A reversed-phase assay based on high-performance liquid chromatography with a
      water-acetonitrile-tetrahydrofuran (THF)-triethylamine (TEA)-perchloric acid (pH
      2.5) mobile phase and a Zorbax C8 column has been validated for the determination
      of the purity of tazadolene succinate (I) [E-(+/-)-1-(2
      benzylidenecyclohexyl)azetidine succinate, U-53996H] bulk drug, the potency of
      tazadolene succinate hard-filled capsule formulations and impurity levels in bulk
      drug. The system resolves E- and Z-isomers and other structurally related
      molecules. Retention of these compounds is mainly dependent on the amount of
      acetonitrile and THF in the mobile phase. An amine must be present in the mobile
      phase to bring about elution of I. The potency assay utilizes testosterone as
      internal standard. Potency assays exhibited relative standard deviations (R.S.D.)
      of less than 1%. Quantitative recovery from hard-filled capsules (HFC) is
      obtained by using a simple extraction procedure. Potential process impurities,
      potential degradation products, and formulation excipients are resolved. The
      assay is linear for tazadolene succinate concentrations equivalent to 50-150% of
      the assay concentration. Impurities can be quantitated to levels equivalent to
      about 0.1% by weight with R.S.D. less than 5%. The estimated limit of detection
      for I is about 2 ng for a 20 microliters injection.

PMID- 3700521
TI  - Analysis of 5-(4-acetamidophenyl)pyrazin-2(1H)-one (SK&F 94120) in plasma with an
      Analytichem automated sample processor liquid chromatography module.
AB  - A selective and specific assay for 5-(4-acetamidophenyl)pyrazin-2(1H)-one (SK&F
      94120), a novel inotropic agent, has been developed. The method incorporates a
      liquid-solid extraction step with a C18 Analytichem automated sample processor
      (AASP) cassette, which consists of ten miniature extraction columns. The cassette
      is then loaded into the AASP auto injector, ready for automated liquid
      chromatography with UV detection. The AASP consists of a high-pressure sealing
      chamber which encapsulates each column. The high-performance liquid
      chromatographic mobile phase is directed through the chamber, and the analytes
      are eluted onto the analytical column for subsequent separation and measurement.
      The assay is sufficiently accurate and precise to determine SK&F 94120 at
      concentrations as low as 0.5 mg/l. The mean coefficient of variation for the
      concentration range 0.5-10.0 mg/l was 2% with a bias of +/- 1%. The assay has
      been used for pharmacokinetic and bioavailability studies in several species,
      including rat, dog, and cynomolgus monkey.

PMID- 3700523
TI  - Pharmacopoeial procedure for the determination of tylosin factors by high
      performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A method is described for the determination of the factors in tylosin base and
      tylosin tartrate as raw materials and in dosage forms. The reversed-phase
      chromatographic system is compared with other similar systems in terms of
      selectivity towards the major tylosin factors and an aldol condensation
      degradation product observed in tylosin injection. Experimental conditions
      affecting the separation of the components are discussed, together with
      procedures to demonstrate system validity. It is considered that the methods
      developed provide appropriate procedures for inclusion in pharmacopoeial
      monographs for tylosin, tylosin tartrate, tylosin premix, tylosin soluble powder,
      tylosin tablets and tylosin injection.

PMID- 3700524
TI  - Rapid protein profiling with a novel anion-exchange material.
AB  - A new anion-exchange material has been developed which allows very rapid
      resolution of protein mixtures. The Microanalyzer MA7P matrix consists of small
      (7 micron), spherical, non-porous, polymethacrylate beads with polyethyleneimine
      (PEI) covalently coupled to the surface. When packed 30 X 4.6 mm I.D. columns,
      this matrix is particularly well suited for applications in which 1-300
      micrograms of a protein mixture must be resolved in a minimum of time. Recoveries
      of injected proteins are usually quantitative, even when the amounts of
      individual proteins are in the submicrogram range. Chromatography on
      Microanalyzer MA7P columns is characterized by very narrow bandwidths, even at
      relatively high flow-rates. This is due to the combined effects of short column
      length, high selectivity, and the lack of velocity-dependent bandbroadening
      attributable to diffusion into and out of pores. These columns have no
      discernable gel filtration effects in the molecular weight range from 10(3) to
      10(6) daltons. Columns are very rapidly equilibrated with new solvents, further
      reducing cycle-to-cycle times.

PMID- 3700525
TI  - Development of a stability-indicating assay for nafimidone [1-(2
      naphthoylmethyl)imidazole hydrochloride] by high-performance liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - The rational development of a stability-indicating assay for nafimidone [1-(2
      naphthoylmethyl)imidazole hydrochloride] is demonstrated. It allows resolution of
      the decomposition products, obtained both on melting and resulting from
      decomposition in solution. Ion-pair chromatography was used to elute the solution
      decomposition products before the parent compound, thus producing maximum
      sensitivity of detection of these in the presence of undecomposed reactant.
      Stability data in terms of first-order rate constants were obtained in two
      different buffer solutions both from conventional integrated-rate equations using
      reactant concentration measurements, and by the initial rate method using
      decomposition product concentrations. In the light of this investigation,
      additional criteria for stability-indicating assays are suggested, which exploit
      the sensitivity as well as specificity of high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3700526
TI  - Appraisal of narrow-bore (1 mm I.D.) high-performance liquid chromatography
      columns with view to the requirements of routine drug analysis.
AB  - The potential advantages of using 1-mm bore high-performance liquid
      chromatography columns to replace conventional 4-5-mm bore columns for routine
      drug analysis have been considered in the light of various claims and counter
      claims in the scientific literature. Experimental work has been conducted to
      measure the changes in mass sensitivity when using both UV and electrochemical
      detection. Further work has investigated the coupling of these narrow-bore
      columns in order to achieve high plate counts with particular reference to the
      influence of peak asymmetry. Finally the linking of the narrow-bore columns to a
      mass spectrometer with a moving-belt interface has been examined. All results are
      discussed with reference to the needs of the routine analyst.

PMID- 3700527
TI  - Immuno-affinity partition of cells in aqueous polymer two-phase systems.
AB  - Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was covalently coupled to IgG antibody preparations
      directed against human red blood cells. This modification reduces the tendency of
      the antibody to agglutinate cells and increases its affinity for the upper phase
      in dextran-PEG aqueous two-phase systems. These effects are related to the
      molecular weight of the PEG used for modification and to the number of PEG
      molecules attached to the antibody. Exposure of human red blood cells to PEG
      modified antibody causes a substantial and specific increase in cell partition
      into the PEG-rich phase in a number of PEG-dextran aqueous two-phase systems.
      Pertinent phase-system parameters were examined. Following a single incubation
      with PEG-derivatized antibody, a mixture of sheep and human red blood cells was
      completely separated in 100 min by a 30-transfer countercurrent extraction using
      a two phase system which normally offers little resolution.

PMID- 3700528
TI  - Separation of aromatic heptaene antibiotics by high-performance liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - Thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography have been
      used to separate and characterize representatives of the aromatic heptaene group
      of antifungal antibiotics. Most antibiotics were complex mixtures that could be
      placed in well defined groups. The identity of candicidin and levorin was
      confirmed in one group. Aureofungin, DJ400 and hamycin shared many components in
      common in the second group. The proportion of the individual components of
      lucknomycin and trichomycin was markedly different from each other and from the
      antibiotics in the other two groups. Lucknomycin stood out as the most
      homogeneous of the antibiotics examined.

PMID- 3700529
TI  - [Characterization by thin layer chromatography of benzothiazole derivatives and
      beta-sitosterol leached by disposable syringes].
AB  - A thin-layer chromatographic study of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 2
      (methylthio)benzothiazole, 2-(2-hydroxy-ethylthio)benzothiazole, 2
      hydroxybenzothiazole, zinc 2-mercaptobenzothiazolate, mercaptobenzothiazole
      disulfide, and beta-sitosterol with three developing solvents and eleven spray
      reagents is reported. A simple method is described which highlights the leaching
      of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole and 2-(2-hydroxy-ethylthio)benzothiazole from the
      rubber plunger-seals of disposable syringes: contact of rubber with bidistilled
      water, extraction of this liquid with chloroform, chromatography on silica gel
      with the solvents previously studied and spraying with N-chloro-2,6-dichloro-p
      benzoquinone monoimine. The method may also be used to discriminate those
      syringes sterilized with ethylene oxide, the only ones able to leach 2-(2-hydroxy
      ethylthio)benzothiazole, from those sterilized by irradiation. Owing to the beta
      sitosterol traces leached, it may also be used to investigate whether the plunger
      seals are made of natural rubber. The toxic effects of the compounds leached are
      briefly reported.

PMID- 3700530
TI  - Simultaneous high-performance liquid chromatographic stability-indicating
      analysis of acetaminophen, codeine phosphate, and sodium benzoate in elixirs.
AB  - A stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been
      developed for the simultaneous determination of acetaminophen, codeine phosphate
      and sodium benzoate in an elixir formulation. The reversed-phase paired-ion
      method utilizes UV detection at 214 nm, a C18 column at 50 degrees C and requires
      ca. 10 min per analysis. The method has been validated for use with elixirs
      containing 120 mg of acetaminophen, 12 mg of codeine phosphate and 7.5 mg sodium
      benzoate preservative per 5 ml. The known potential degradation products p
      aminophenol, codeine N-oxide and codeinone are separated for quantitation
      simultaneous with the parent compounds. The method has been shown to be linear,
      reproducible, specific, sensitive and rugged.

PMID- 3700531
TI  - Simultaneous quantitative determination of butizide, potassium canrenoate and
      canrenone in tablets by high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A procedure for the simultaneous quantitative determination and selective
      identification of potassium canrenoate and butizide is proposed. The amount of
      canrenone, the degradation product of potassium canrenoate, is also determined.
      Elution of these compounds is investigated on LiChrosorb RP-18 and RP-8 columns.
      The analysis time was shorter on a RP-8 column while the specific identification
      was still possible. Therefore, the LiChrosorb RP-8 column was chosen. The eluent
      consisted of an acetonitrile--0.05 M phosphate buffer, pH 4 (45:55) mixture.
      Quantitative determination was performed at the absorption maximum of each
      compound: 286 nm for potassium canrenoate and for canrenone, 271 nm for butizide.
      This change in wavelength is performed automatically by the computer that
      controls the spectrophotometric diode array detector.

PMID- 3700532
TI  - Resolution of mouse hepatic cytochrome P-450 isozymes by chromatofocusing.
AB  - Constituent cytochrome P-450 isozymes from mouse hepatic microsomes were
      fractionated by chromatofocusing on Polybuffer Exchanger 94 over the pH range 5.3
      8.3 and characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Eight isozymes were
      detected in fractions from unpretreated mice and seven from phenobarbitone
      pretreated animals. Isozyme-containing fractions were reconstituted and shown to
      produce specific monohydroxy metabolites from both testosterone and delta 9
      tetrahydrocannabinol.

PMID- 3700533
TI  - Tandem purification of IgM monoclonal antibodies from mouse ascites fluids by
      anion-exchange and gel fast protein liquid chromatography.
AB  - A tandem chromatographic procedure was used to isolate rapidly mouse IgM
      monoclonal antibodies. Mouse ascites fluids containing IgM monoclonal antibodies
      were first chromatographed on an anion-exchange Mono Q column connected to a fast
      protein liquid chromatography system. The IgM-rich fractions from the Mono Q
      column were then injected on a gel filtration Superose 6 column equilibrated with
      a low-ionic strength buffer and eluted with a high-ionic strength buffer.
      Assessment of the purity of isolated IgM monoclonal antibodies was performed by
      sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis together with a
      Coomassie Brillant Blue R 250 staining technique. Assessment of the
      immunoreactivity of isolated IgM monoclonal antibodies was performed by a enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay using a solid phase adsorbed antigen against which IgM
      monoclonal antibodies were directed. The chromatographic procedure described
      provides a new method for the rapid purification of mouse IgM monoclonal
      antibodies to a high degree of purity and in a immunoreactive state.

PMID- 3700534
TI  - Determination of polycyclic aromatic amines in skin by liquid chromatography with
      electrochemical detection.

PMID- 3700535
TI  - Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of substituted
      phenolic compounds with a beta-cyclodextrin bonded phase column.

PMID- 3700536
TI  - High-sensitivity amino acid analysis of stained peptides and proteins from a
      sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide slab gel.

PMID- 3700537
TI  - Determination of diethylene glycol in wine. Rapid purification with a Carbopack B
      cartridge and quantitation by gas chromatography.

PMID- 3700538
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of nitrate
      and nitrite in cured meat.

PMID- 3700539
TI  - Determination of sterigmatocystin in feed by high-performance liquid
      chromatography with column switching.

PMID- 3700540
TI  - Analytical affinity chromatography. II. Rate theory and the measurement of
      biological binding kinetics.
AB  - Affinity chromatography can be used to measure equilibrium constants and kinetics
      of biological interactions. The local-equilibrium theory presented in the
      preceding paper is extended to include mass transfer and kinetic effects.
      Solutions for both zonal and frontal elution are presented. For highly nonlinear
      isotherms, the frontal elution method is preferred. Experiments with bovine serum
      albumin binding to immobilized Reactive Blue show that the binding kinetics
      inside the porous gel are several orders of magnitude slower than typical
      biological binding reactions in solution. The temperature dependence of the
      kinetic constants indicate that the binding may still be diffusion-controlled.

PMID- 3700541
TI  - Chiral recognition model for the resolution of ephedrine and related alpha,beta
      aminoalcohols as enantiomeric oxazolidine derivatives.
AB  - The mechanism of chiral recognition has been investigated for a series of
      enantiomeric cis-oxazolidines on a commercially available high-performance liquid
      chromatographic chiral stationary phase (HPLC-CSP). The oxazolidine molecules
      were synthesized through the condensation of ephedrine and ephedrine-related
      molecules with aromatic aldehydes. The resulting molecules are rigid five
      membered rings whose configuration has been determined by proton magnetic
      resonance and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The oxazolidines derived from the
      condensation of ephedrine and aldehydes containing a pi-basic moiety such as
      naphthaldehyde were resolved on the HPLC-CSP as were those oxazolidines
      synthesized by using a pi-acidic aldehyde such as p-nitrobenzaldehyde. However,
      there was a reversal in the elution order for the two types of oxazolidines.
      Oxazolidines resulting from the condensation of ephedrine and a pi-neutral
      aldehyde such as benzaldehyde were not resolved. The results of this study
      suggest a chiral recognition model based on the formation of diastereomeric
      solute-CSP complexes through a single attractive interaction and chiral
      discrimination resulting from the difference in steric fit.

PMID- 3700542
TI  - Mass spectral investigations on trichothecene mycotoxins. III. Synthesis,
      characterization and applications of pentafluoropropionyl and trifluoroacetyl
      esters of simple trichothecenes.
AB  - The pentafluoropropionyl, (PFP) and trifluoroacetyl (TFA) esters of several
      naturally occurring and synthetically modified simple trichothecenes were
      synthesized in nanogram amounts and characterized. Optimum conditions for the gas
      chromatographic (GC) separation of these derivatives and their analysis by
      negative ion chemical ionization (NICI) mass spectrometric technique were
      determined. These perfluoroacyl derivatives under the NICI conditions undergo
      limited but characteristic fragmentations similar to the fragmentations of
      heptafluorobutyryl esters of trichothecenes under the same conditions.
      Characteristic ions for the specific detection and accurate quantification of
      these PFP and TFA derivatives were chosen. Preliminary results indicated that the
      PFP derivatives are better suited for the analysis of simple trichothecenes by GC
      NICI-MS technique. Ultra trace (0.5-2.0 pg) amounts of these PFP derivatives were
      detected by the developed procedure.

PMID- 3700543
TI  - Relationship between isocratic and gradient retention times in the high
      performance ion-exchange chromatography of proteins. Theory and experiment.
AB  - Using isocratic retention parameters, the gradient elution retention time for
      several proteins has been calculated. The gradient retention time calculation is
      based on fitting the isocratic retention data to an equation of the form: log k'
      = m log (1/[Ca2+]) + log K and on applying well-established principles of
      gradient elution. A good correlation between the observed and calculated
      retention times for several test proteins was obtained at various total gradient
      times and column flow-rates. Conversely, isocratic retention parameters
      characterizing protein retention can be calculated from gradient elution
      retention data. However, even with retention data of high quality, small errors
      are amplified by the log-log nature of the ion-exchange isocratic retention model
      employed. Based on the close correlation between predicted and observed gradient
      retention times, no evidence for protein denaturation resulting from
      immobilization of the protein at high initial k' values at or near the column
      inlet was observed.

PMID- 3700544
TI  - Simultaneous determination of the mycotoxins citrinin and ochratoxin A in wheat
      and barley by high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3700545
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of benzyl alcohol and its
      degradation product benzaldehyde in a pharmaceutical cream.

PMID- 3700546
TI  - Optimization by isochronal analysis. II. Changes in mobile phase velocity and
      temperature, and in mobile phase composition and temperature.
AB  - The theory of resolution optimization by isochronal analysis is further extended
      to the cases involving simultaneous changes in mobile phase velocity and column
      temperature, and in mobile phase composition and temperature. In each case, the
      resolution equation, when written in terms of isochronal conditions, shows that
      improvements can be obtained without sacrificing analysis time. Several subcases,
      which relate to the dependence of the selectivity factors on the changed
      parameters, are described. For each system, the contributions of the various
      parameters to the resolution are examined. The results of these discussions are
      plotted as resolution surfaces, on which lines of constant analysis time are
      indicated. The experimental routes that chromatographers must take in order to
      apply isochronal analysis are described.

PMID- 3700547
TI  - Application of retention indices based on the alkylarylketone scale to the
      separation of the local anaesthetic drugs by high-performance liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - The separation of the local anaesthetic drugs by reversed-phase high-performance
      liquid chromatography using a Hypersil ODS column has been examined in order to
      identify critical factors in the establishment of a retention database for
      interlaboratory comparisons. An eluent of methanol-aqueous orthophosphoric acid
      (15:85, v/v) (pH 2.5) containing 0.7% hexylamine has been used. The effects of
      small changes in the eluent composition, pH, temperature and the use of different
      column packing materials on the retentions of the analytes have been studied. The
      use of capacity factors, relative capacity factors and retention indices based on
      the alkylarylketone scale have been compared.

PMID- 3700548
TI  - Influence of tryptophan loading on urinary excretion of anthranilic acid and 3
      hydroxyanthranilic acid by men and women as determined by alkali flame ionization
      gas chromatography.
AB  - A gas chromatographic method with alkali flame ionization detection is described
      for the determination of urinary total (free and conjugated) anthranilic acid
      (AA) and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (HAA) as their pentafluorobenzyl esters. Prior
      to analysis, urine was hydrolysed using hydrochloric acid in a boiling water
      bath. The highest AA and HAA yields were obtained with 4 M hydrochloric acid and
      a hydrolysis time of 4 h. The coefficients of variation of the between-run
      analyses of AA and HAA at the endogenous level were 7.2 and 5.8%, respectively.
      The average recovery for both substances was 84%. The method described has been
      used to study the excretion of AA and HAA in the urine of healthy males and
      females before and after an oral load of tryptophan. Furthermore, the influence
      of oral contraceptives has been investigated. Results indicate that for both
      sexes the excretion of AA in the urine was higher than that of HAA, except after
      tryptophan loading. The excretion of AA by women was higher than by men. For HAA,
      the results of both sexes were comparable. Furthermore, for neither of the sexes
      was a diurnal variation of AA or HAA observed. After tryptophan loading, the
      formation of HAA was increased by more than that of AA. Results obtained for
      women on oral contraceptives indicate a hormonal-induced inhibition of AA
      formation.

PMID- 3700549
TI  - Separation and quantitation of fatty acids by high-performance liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - To facilitate the determination of the fatty acid composition of tissues and the
      investigation of fatty acid metabolism, we developed a method for the rapid
      separation by high-performance liquid chromatography and quantitation (by
      ultraviolet light absorption) of p-bromophenyl esters of fatty acids which vary
      in chain length from 10 to 22 carbon atoms. The utility of the method was
      demonstrated by evaluating the fatty acid composition of human uterine decidua
      vera tissue and human endometrial stromal cells that are maintained in monolayer
      culture.

PMID- 3700550
TI  - Rapid method for measuring plasma low-density lipoprotein turnover using high
      performance gel exclusion chromatography.
AB  - High-performance gel exclusion chromatography using flow-through radioactivity
      monitoring was employed for rapid measurement of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
      turnover. Iodinated LDL was injected into five fasting rabbits. Serial blood
      samples were obtained and small aliquots (0.1-0.2 ml) were injected into the
      chromatographic system using 0.2 M Tris-acetate buffer (pH 7.0). Radioactivity in
      lipoproteins was measured by an on-line gamma counter (Flo-One) attached to the
      high-performance liquid chromatograph and in a regular gamma counter after
      collecting the fractions. Sequential ultracentrifugation was also used to
      separate lipoproteins, and the radioactivity in each fraction was measured. The
      Flo-One method was faster; however, the efficiency of Flo-One varied with the
      amount of radioactivity and therefore it was necessary to inject the same amount
      of radioactivity to get comparable values.

PMID- 3700551
TI  - Kinetics of the formation of biliverdin during the photochemical oxidation of
      bilirubin monitored by column liquid chromatography.
AB  - In the photochemical oxidation of bilirubin, biliverdin is formed as the primary
      product and is further degraded. This photooxidation is especially significant in
      the presence of riboflavin. Column liquid chromatography was used to monitor the
      kinetics of this reaction. The biliverdin concentration amounts to a maximum of
      ca. 38% of the total loss of bilirubin in experiments in vitro. It is probable
      that this mechanism is also operative during phototherapy. The formation of a
      product of the photooxidation of biliverdin that has not yet been identified has
      been observed; the product behaves as a dimer. A method for the determination of
      biliverdin in the blood of newborn infants has been developed. It has been found
      that the biliverdin content increases during hyperbilirubinaemia.

PMID- 3700552
TI  - Densitometric quantification of individual phospholipids. Improvement and
      evaluation of a method using molybdenum blue reagent for detection.
AB  - A densitometric method for simultaneous quantification of individual
      phospholipids based on visualization with molybdenum blue reagent is presented.
      Previously reported problems concerning colour instability have been solved. The
      method is specific for phosphorus-containing compounds and independent of the
      degree of fatty acid unsaturation. The molar absorptivities of most analysed
      phospholipids do not differ more than 10% from that for phosphatidylcholine from
      egg yolk. For cases of greater deviation (sphingomyelin, lysophosphatidylcholine
      and phosphatidylserine), analysis is accomplished by use of appropriate standard
      mixtures. The between-series coefficient of variation is ca. 9%. The method is
      compared to a preparative thin-layer chromatographic assay and another commonly
      used densitometric method.

PMID- 3700554
TI  - Small-column chromatofocusing of cerebrospinal fluid and serum immunoglobulin G.
AB  - Chromatofocusing performed by the Pharmacia fast protein liquid chromatographic
      system equipped with a specially designed small column was applied for
      examinations of submilligram quantities of cerebrospinal fluid and serum
      immunoglobulin G. The separations were based on a pH gradient between 9.5 and
      6.0. Mono- or oligoclonal immunoglobulin G components having pI values within the
      optimal working range of the gradient were easily identified and the findings
      differed clearly from those of normal immunoglobulin G. The capacity to detect
      abnormal immunoglobulin G components compared well with previous experiences from
      the commercially available Mono P column. The small column offers advantages by
      having a shorter separation time, a decreased dilution of sample in the eluate
      and a lower consumption of start and eluent buffers.

PMID- 3700553
TI  - Polyamine distribution in the rat intestinal mucosa.
AB  - As the first step in a study of mucosal polyamine metabolism during intestinal
      adaptation, we have measured mucosal polyamine concentrations at different sites
      along the normal rat intestine. Putrescine, spermidine, spermine and cadaverine
      were measured by spectrofluorometric analysis after thin-layer chromatography of
      their dansylated derivatives. Spermidine was present in the largest amounts at
      each of the sampling sites. The ratio of the concentration of spermidine to that
      of spermine paralleled the established pattern of cellular proliferation in the
      normal intestine as did the putrescine concentration (nmol per 10 cm) which
      decreased from duodenum to colon. These results provide the essential background
      to an assessment of the role of polyamines in the intestinal adaptive response.

PMID- 3700555
TI  - Quantitative determination of N-[trans-2-(dimethylamino)-cyclopentyl]-N-(3',4'
      dichlorophenyl)propan amide, its 2H5-labeled analogue and their N-dealkylated
      metabolites in dog serum by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
AB  - This paper describes the development of a capillary gas chromatographic--mass
      spectrometric method for the determination of N-[trans-2
      (dimethylamino)cyclopentyl]-N-(3',4'-dichlorophenyl)propan amide and its
      metabolites in serum. The method utilizes an automated sample preparation whereby
      drug, metabolites and internal standard are extracted from polar serum components
      by adsorption chromatography onto an XAD-type resin. The N-demethylated
      metabolites are derivatized by acetylation prior to chromatography. Detection is
      by mass spectrometry with chemical ionization. This method was utilized to
      determine levels of unlabeled and pentadeuterated drug and their respective
      metabolites in canine serum after oral co-administration. No significant kinetic
      isotope effects were observed for either absorption or metabolism.

PMID- 3700556
TI  - Sensitive assay of methadone in plasma by using capillary gas chromatography with
      photoionization detection.
AB  - A new gas chromatographic assay for methadone, utilizing a fused-silica capillary
      column, is presented. Extreme sensitivity was reached, compared to nitrogen
      phosphorus and mass spectrometry detection, by employing a photoionization
      detector. Plasma concentrations of methadone as low as 1 ng/ml can easily be
      detected and, by further optimization, 0.1 ng/ml was reached. The minimum
      detectable amount of methadone reaching the detector was 70 fg. The results
      indicate that the photoionization detector has potential as a tool in drug
      monitoring.

PMID- 3700557
TI  - Determination of the urinary metabolites of caffeine and theophylline by high
      performance liquid chromatography. A comparative study of a direct injection and
      an ion-pair extraction procedure.
AB  - Chromatographic separation of methylxanthine metabolites was achieved using a
      Hypersil octadecylsilane column with a simple concave gradient elution programme
      of 0-12.75% acetonitrile in 1% tetrahydrofuran, pH 4.8, and the eluted components
      were detected by monitoring their absorption at 280 nm. An extraction procedure
      involving the formation of an ion-pair complex was developed which gave
      significant improvements over previously described methods including a shorter
      chromatographic run of 20 min. A thorough comparison of this procedure with a
      more convenient alternative involving direct injection of diluted urine specimens
      showed that the latter analysis was adequate for the quantitation of the major
      urinary metabolites of caffeine and theophylline.

PMID- 3700558
TI  - Quantitative determination of acemetacin and its metabolite indometacin in blood
      and plasma by column liquid chromatography.
AB  - A column liquid chromatographic (LC) method using UV detection for the
      determination of acemetacin and its metabolite indometacin in blood is described.
      The lower detection limit for both compounds is ca. 25 micrograms/l, the
      precision (coefficient of variation) is 6% for acemetacin and 10% for
      indometacin. The method is also suited for determination of both compounds in
      plasma, precisions in this case are even better than for blood, i.e. around 3%
      for both acemetacin and indometacin. Blood samples of three volunteers who had
      received 90 mg of acemetacin orally were analysed using the new method and very
      good agreement with results from a thin-layer chromatographic/fluorescence method
      was found.

PMID- 3700559
TI  - Determination of metapramine, imipramine, trimipramine and their major
      metabolites in plasma by reversed-phase column liquid chromatography.
AB  - The determination of metapramine, imipramine, trimipramine and their desmethyl
      metabolites after alkaline diethyl ether extraction from plasma is achieved by
      column liquid chromatography using two internal standards and mu Bondapak C18
      column. Elution is carried out isocratically at 1 or 0.6 ml min-1 with two
      mixtures of acetonitrile-potassium dihydrogen phosphate-distilled water (45:55:10
      for metapramine and its metabolites; 45:50:5 for imipramine, trimipramine and
      their metabolites). Detection is monitored by absorption at 254 nm. The detection
      limit is less than 5 ng ml-1 for each compound. The coefficients of variation
      (within-day and day-to-day) for the eight compounds are less than 11.3%.
      Interference from several possible co-medications is discussed. The technique can
      be used for routine therapeutic monitoring of the antidepressants as well as
      analytical toxicology. However, the three antidepressants cannot be analysed
      simultaneously by this method because metapramine requires a different elution
      system and imipramine interferes with monodesmethyltrimipramine (retention times
      8.90 and 8.60 min, respectively).

PMID- 3700560
TI  - Liquid chromatographic determination of pinacidil, a new antihypertensive drug,
      and its major metabolite, pinacidil N-oxide, in plasma.
AB  - Two procedures are described, one for the determination of pinacidil, the other
      for the determination of both pinacidil and its metabolite, pinacidil N-oxide, in
      plasma. When only parent drug levels are required, the plasma proteins are
      precipitated with acetonitrile, the solids discarded and the supernatant is
      evaporated to dryness. The residue is then reconstituted for analysis. For the
      determination of both drug and metabolite, the analytes are selectively retained
      from plasma on a solid-phase extraction column and eluted with methanol. After
      evaporation to dryness, the residue is reconstituted in mobile phase. Both
      procedures utilize reversed-phase liquid chromatographic separations with
      ultraviolet detection. The limits of detection are 10 ng/ml pinacidil in plasma
      and 5 ng/ml each of pinacidil and pinacidil N-oxide in plasma for the two
      procedures, respectively.

PMID- 3700561
TI  - Investigation of a peptide fraction in the plasma of pain patients by high
      performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3700563
TI  - Analysis of bilirubin conjugates in human bile by column liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3700562
TI  - Affinity of young and old human erythrocytes for alkyl-sepharose 6MB gels.

PMID- 3700564
TI  - Analytical recovery of protein-bound pyridoxal-5'-phosphate in plasma analysis.

PMID- 3700565
TI  - Fractionation of human serum albumin isoforms with chromatofocusing.

PMID- 3700566
TI  - Stereospecific analysis of racemic hexobarbital in rat blood by enantioselective
      capillary gas chromatography.

PMID- 3700567
TI  - Propranolol binding to human serum proteins studied by high-performance liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 3700568
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'
      deoxyuridine and its metabolites in serum, urine and herpes simplex virus type-1
      infected cells.

PMID- 3700569
TI  - Determination of styrene in biological samples by reversed-phase liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 3700570
TI  - Analysis of chlorthalidone in whole blood by high-performance liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 3700571
TI  - Quantification of teniposide in human serum by high-performance liquid
      chromatography with electrochemical detection.

PMID- 3700572
TI  - The determination of nicotine and cotinine in plasma.
AB  - A method to determine plasma nicotine and cotinine simultaneously is described.
      After a simple extraction procedure, the amounts of nicotine and cotinine present
      in a sample are determined by gas chromatography using nitrogen-sensitive
      detection and a fused silica capillary column. The method has been demonstrated
      to detect nicotine and cotinine plasma concentrations within 1 and 9 ng/ml,
      respectively. The accuracy and precision of the method was demonstrated using
      spiked calf and human sera. Data are presented for the direct comparison of the
      present method with other methods of determination for plasma nicotine and
      cotinine.

PMID- 3700573
TI  - A collaborative study to investigate the retention reproducibility of
      barbiturates in HPLC with a view to establishing retention databases for drug
      identification.
AB  - A collaborative study among 10 laboratories has been undertaken to investigate
      the interlaboratory reproducibility of retention measurements in a high
      performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) system for separating barbiturates. The
      system involved an ODS-Hypersil column with an eluent of methanol:phosphate
      buffer (40:60, v/v) at pH 8.5; all laboratories used the same batch of packing
      material. The conventional methods of recording retention properties (retention
      times and capacity factors) gave poor interlaboratory reproducibility. Better
      results were obtained by expressing the retentions relative to a standard
      barbiturate (quinalbarbitone); relative adjusted retention times proved to be
      more effective than straightforward relative retention times. Retention indices
      based on the alkylarylketone scale were not as reproducible as the methods based
      on a single closely related compound. The best reproducibility was obtained using
      corrected capacity factors based on the retention of four barbiturates in a
      standard mixture. The results of the study are discussed with a view to selecting
      the best methods of recording retention in HPLC when considering the
      establishment of databases for drug identification.

PMID- 3700574
TI  - On blind men, elephants, spectrums, and controversies: lessons from rheumatic
      fever revisited.

PMID- 3700575
TI  - A model for assessing the sensitivity and specificity of tests subject to
      selection bias. Application to exercise radionuclide ventriculography for
      diagnosis of coronary artery disease.
AB  - A probabilistic model was developed which allows one to estimate sensitivity and
      specificity of diagnostic tests for coronary artery disease without reference to
      angiography. The feasibility of the model was evaluated first in a series of
      computer simulations, and the model was then applied to the assessment of
      ejection fraction in 933 patients without prior myocardial infarction who
      underwent exercise radionuclide ventriculography. In 196 patients who were
      referred to angiography, the conventional abnormal ejection fraction criterion-
      an absolute rise of less than 0.05 with exercise--had a sensitivity of 79% and a
      specificity of 68% when referenced to coronary angiography. In 737 patients who
      were not referred for angiography and who were analyzed instead by our
      probabilistic model, sensitivity was 63% (p = 0.004 compared to that in the 119
      angiographically diseases patients) and specificity was 79% (p = 0.036 compared
      to that in the 77 angiographic normals). Both the higher sensitivity and lower
      specificity in the catheterized patients are consistent with a preferential
      referral of positive test responders to angiography, and of negative test
      responders away from angiography. The distortion of test sensitivity and
      specificity which results from this selection bias can be circumvented by
      substituting a probabilistic estimate of disease for conventional angiographic
      ascertainment.

PMID- 3700576
TI  - Evaluation of diagnostic tests.

PMID- 3700577
TI  - The natural history of acute rheumatic fever in Kuwait: a prospective six year
      follow-up report.
AB  - One hundred and twenty-six children with the initial attack of acute rheumatic
      fever were followed up prospectively for 6 years. Sixty-six children maintained
      regular secondary prophylaxis (regular group) and 60 were irregular (irregular
      group). Two recurrences developed in the regular group with a recurrence rate of
      0.005/patient/year follow-up, and 71 recurrences developed in the irregular group
      with a recurrence rate of 0.2/patient/year follow-up. These findings demonstrate
      the effect of secondary prophylaxis in reducing the frequency of recurrences. The
      prevalence rate of rheumatic heart disease in children who had carditis in the
      initial attack was 42% in the regular group vs 70% in the irregular group (p less
      than 0.05). These findings demonstrate the deleterious effect of recurrences in
      the evolution of rheumatic heart disease. The prevalence rate of rheumatic heart
      disease in children who maintained regular secondary prophylaxis, was 42% in
      those children who had carditis in the initial attack and 6% in those who had no
      carditis (p less than 0.05). These findings demonstrate the prognostic
      significance of presence or absence of carditis during the initial attack, in the
      subsequent evolution of rheumatic heart disease. The prevalence rate of rheumatic
      heart disease in the 66 children who maintained regular prophylaxis was 23%.
      Comparison of these data with those of similarly designed studies shows that the
      evolution of rheumatic heart disease following the initial attack of acute
      rheumatic fever, seems to behave similarly in the tropics and subtropics as it
      did in temperate climates.

PMID- 3700578
TI  - Misclassification by psychiatric screening questionnaires.
AB  - Two psychiatric screening instruments were applied to a sample of attenders (n =
      875) in three primary medical care clinics in the city of Sao Paulo. The two
      questionnaires were validated in a subsample (n = 260) against the Clinical
      Interview Schedule [8]. The effect of sociodemographic variables on
      misclassification (by both questionnaires) was investigated using Relative
      Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis and linear logistic modelling. Both these
      techniques proved to be useful in this regard, and it is recommended that they be
      more widely used in screening studies. Sex and educational level exerted
      important influences on misclassification. In general, men were more likely than
      women to be classified as false negative, while poorly educated respondents were
      more likely to be classified as false positive. These results are interpreted in
      an illness-behavior context.

PMID- 3700579
TI  - Extensions of analytic methods for nested and population-based incident case
      control studies.
AB  - Nested case-control studies are extracted from cohort data in order to ease the
      burden of analysis or to enable more complete and thorough collection of data. To
      parallel a life table analysis and obtain unbiased estimates of the relative
      hazard (incidence density ratio), controls for each case should be selected
      without replacement from all noncase members of the case's risk set. In
      population-based incident case-control studies (or incident density case-control
      studies) cases are obtained from a well defined population, with matched controls
      selected from members of the population who are disease free at the time a case
      is incident. This type of study may be viewed as a sample from a prospective
      population consisting of successive age or calendar year cohorts and, thus, as a
      type of nested or synthetic retrospective study. With both of these study types
      the relative hazard can be estimated. The link, through the estimability of the
      relative hazard, between these case-control designs and cohort studies enables
      extensions of case-control methodology when there are several disease categories
      (competing risks), e.g. different cancer histologies or multiple disease types,
      and when diseases may recur (multiple incident times), e.g. multiple benign
      breast disease episodes or multiple infections. The application of these methods
      are valid for those situations in which disease incidence follows a proportional
      hazards model and the relative hazard is estimable. For several special cases,
      tests for a null association, homogeneity and trends are derived.

PMID- 3700580
TI  - The use of survival time models with nonproportional hazard functions to
      investigate age of onset in family studies.
AB  - The use of survival time models with non-proportional hazard functions is
      introduced as a method of studying age of onset effects in family studies.
      Statistical methods for investigating non-proportionality of the hazard function
      are described, and the application of these methods is illustrated using data
      from a family study of depression to investigate transmission of age of onset
      between probands and their first degree relatives. The method is broadly
      applicable and useful for many chronic diseases where transmission of a disorder
      in families varies by age of onset of the disorder. It may also be used to
      investigate the effect of other proband factors such as sex on the age of onset
      of disease in relatives.

PMID- 3700581
TI  - Case-control studies for the evaluation of screening.
AB  - The case-control approach has been proposed for the evaluation of the efficacy of
      screening for cancer. It provides information at the level of the individual
      subject and allows direct estimation of the relative risk of not being screened.
      The criteria for the choice of the case and control series are examined, with
      reference to the type of cancer considered and the precise goal assigned to the
      screening programme. The definition of the exposure is discussed, as well as
      criteria for the avoidance of commonly occurring biases. Typical situations where
      case-control studies of screening efficacy appear to be the method of choice are
      presented.

PMID- 3700582
TI  - Cigarette smoking, cancer, statistics, and judgement.

PMID- 3700583
TI  - The relationship of estrogen to placental steroidogenesis in the baboon.
AB  - In previous studies in pregnant baboons, estrogen deprivation produced by the
      administration of the estrogen antagonist MER-25 resulted in a decline in plasma
      progesterone. In the present study, pregnant baboons in whom the corpus luteum
      bearing ovary was removed early in pregnancy were used to distinguish between a
      luteal or placental effect of this estrogen deprivation. MER-25, administered
      from days 35 through 48 of pregnancy, resulted in a significant decline in plasma
      progesterone, indicating a direct placental action of estrogen deprivation on
      progesterone production. In a second experiment using intact pregnant baboons,
      concomitant administration of the nonsteroidal estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES)
      prevented the inhibitory effect of MER-25 on placental progesterone, indicating
      that the effect was due to antiestrogenic action of MER-25 and not to some other
      pharmacological effect of the antagonist. Since DES administration alone had no
      effect on plasma progesterone levels, the role of estrogen may be a permissive
      action. The administration of MER-25 did not inhibit estradiol production in
      intact pregnant baboons with or without corpora lutea. When DES was administered
      to intact pregnant baboons, alone or together with MER-25, there was a
      significant decrease in plasma estradiol concentrations, which was only reversed
      after the cessation of treatment. These studies indicate that estrogen, perhaps
      by different mechanisms, may be important in the regulation of placental
      estradiol and progesterone production in the primate.

PMID- 3700584
TI  - Plasma catecholamines, dietary carbohydrate, and glucose intolerance: a
      comparison between young and old men.
AB  - Catecholamines play an important role in glucose homeostasis. This study was
      designed to determine whether circulating catecholamine changes in the elderly
      play a role in the glucose intolerance of aging and whether these changes are
      related to dietary carbohydrate intake. Plasma catecholamines (epinephrine and
      norepinephrine) and glucose were measured before and for 2 h after the
      administration of 100 g oral glucose in both 18 young (age, 18-39 yr) and 20 old
      (age, 60-82 yr) normal men during ad libitum home diet and after 3-day weight
      maintaining, high or low carbohydrate formula diets in the Clinical Research
      Center. The elderly men had higher plasma norepinephrine levels before and after
      oral glucose than the young men even when eating matched formula diets. Plasma
      epinephrine levels were similar and decreased significantly after oral glucose in
      both groups. There was no relationship between catecholamine levels and degree of
      glucose tolerance. A high carbohydrate diet improved glucose tolerance in both
      old and young subjects. However, changes in dietary carbohydrates were not
      associated with consistent changes in plasma catecholamines. Therefore, we
      conclude that 1) glucose intolerance of aging cannot be explained by changes in
      plasma catecholamines, 2) the age-related increase in plasma norepinephrine is
      unrelated to dietary carbohydrate intake, and 3) there is no effect of age on
      suppression of plasma epinephrine after oral glucose administration.

PMID- 3700585
TI  - Bone mineral content and levels of gonadotropins and estrogens in amenorrheic
      running women.
AB  - Serum gonadotropin and estrogen levels and their relationship to bone mineral
      content in exercise-related amenorrhea were studied in 11 amenorrheic women and
      24 eumenorrheic women, all of whom were runners. Serum estradiol, LH, FSH,
      estrone, and testosterone were measured in serial blood samples obtained at 15
      min intervals for 4 h. The amenorrheic women had lower estradiol, LH, FSH; and
      estrone levels as well as a higher estrone-estradiol ratio than did the
      eumenorrheic women. There was no difference in testosterone levels. The
      amenorrheic women had lower LH pulse amplitudes, whereas no differences were
      found in FSH pulse amplitudes. LH and FSH pulse frequencies did not differ
      between the two groups. Bone mineral content of the lumbar spine was lower in
      amenorrheic women and was positively correlated with estradiol levels in all
      women. There was no difference in bone mineral content of the radius. These data
      suggest that, in exercise-related amenorrhea, low serum LH, FSH, and estrogen
      levels reflect an alteration in the hypothalamic control of gonadotropin release.
      Reduced circulating estrogen levels in amenorrheic running women may be a cause
      of low mineral content of the spine.

PMID- 3700586
TI  - The low density lipoprotein receptor on human peripheral blood monocytes and
      lymphocytes: visualization by ligand blotting and immunoblotting techniques.
AB  - Western blotting and immunoprecipitation techniques were used to study low
      density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors from cultured human monocytes, lymphocytes,
      and fibroblasts. After incubation in lipoprotein-deficient media to allow
      induction, receptors were solubilized, subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, transferred to nitrocellulose paper, and
      detected by incubation with apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins followed by
      radiolabeled antiapolipoprotein B antibody. LDL receptors of identical apparent
      mol wt were demonstrated in monocyte and lymphocyte cell extracts; the receptors
      bound LDL as well as human post-prandial lipoprotein (density, less than 1.0063)
      on Western blots, but did not bind acetyl-LDL. LDL receptors in mononuclear cells
      could also be detected by immunoblotting using immunoglobulin G-C7, a monoclonal
      antibody raised against the bovine LDL receptor. When cell extracts were blotted,
      the mononuclear cell receptors had a lower mol wt than the fibroblast receptor in
      unreduced sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels, with an apparent mol wt
      difference of 5,000 [134,000 +/- 1,400 (+/- SE) for mononuclear cells vs. 139,000
      +/- 1600 for fibroblasts]. Immunoprecipitation and electrophoresis of L
      [35S]methionine-labeled cell extracts revealed more rapid conversion of the
      receptor precursor to the mature receptor in monocytes than in fibroblasts.
      Western blotting of mononuclear cells from a patient with an abnormally high mol
      wt receptor characterized in fibroblasts demonstrated that the same mutation was
      expressed in monocytes and lymphocytes. This report represents the first
      visualization of human mononuclear cell LDL receptors by Western blotting and
      immunoprecipitation. These techniques may find application in population
      screening for LDL receptor variability.

PMID- 3700587
TI  - Electrophoretic analyses of secreted human endometrial proteins: identification
      and characterization of luteal phase prolactin.
AB  - Endometrial protein synthesis and secretion throughout the menstrual cycle was
      studied by slab gel electrophoretic analysis of [35S]methionine incorporation
      into protein during short term culture of human endometrial tissue. A minimum of
      five protein bands that fluctuate during the menstrual cycle were identified on
      one-dimensional gels. Those with mol wt of 28K, 35K, 51K, and 59K decreased in
      the luteal phase, whereas a broad 25K band was induced in the luteal phase. This
      broad band was identified as two species of glycosylated PRL by antihuman PRL
      immunostaining and [3H]glucosamine incorporation.

PMID- 3700588
TI  - Formation of anterior maxillary teeth in 0-3-year-old children with cleft lip and
      palate and prenatal risk factors for delayed development.
AB  - Formation of deciduous and permanent maxillary incisors and canines was studied
      in 361 children with cleft lip and palate. Altogether, 704 occlusal X rays of the
      children aged from 2 weeks to 41 months were assessed using a 13-stage scale. The
      early timing of tooth development was in both dentitions close to that reported
      for healthy children. However, developmental asymmetry was noted between
      contralateral teeth on the cleft and noncleft sides. In the unilateral cleft lip
      and palate group, every tenth cleft-side deciduous central incisor, deciduous
      canine, and permanent central incisor was delayed compared to the corresponding
      contralateral tooth. The formation timing was also compared within 11 prenatal
      and hereditary variables. Risk factors for delayed development were low placental
      weight, short gestation, mother's use of drugs during pregnancy, first in birth
      order, cleft with multiple additional malformations, and relatives having
      malformations other than oral clefts. However, the associations between a risk
      factor and tooth development were weak.

PMID- 3700589
TI  - Changes in the subepithelial mesenchymal cell process meshwork in developing
      facial prominences in mouse embryos.
AB  - We examined temporal and spatial changes in the subepithelial mesenchymal cell
      process meshwork (CPM) in normally developing medial (MNP) and lateral nasal
      prominences (LNP) in mouse embryos by light and scanning electron microscopy.
      Marked changes were found only in the MNP during the fusion of the MNP and LNP.
      The CPM density in the prospective fusion area of the MNP gradually increased as
      the epithelial surfaces approached each other, attained its maximum just before
      contact, and decreased after contact. The CPM density in the prospective fusion
      area of the LNP changed only slightly even when the epithelial surfaces
      approached each other. The increase in CPM density paralleled that in the density
      of mesenchymal cell bodies. The LNP grew more actively toward the line of fusion
      than did the MNP during the progressive fusion of the two prominences. A larger
      number of fusion-associated epithelial morphological changes--the appearance of
      superficial protruding cells and cell degeneration--occurred in the MNP than in
      the LNP. These findings suggest that the increased CPM density is closely related
      to the growth of the facial prominences and the fusion-associated epithelial
      morphology and that the CPM plays an important role in the epithelial-mesenchymal
      interaction during the formation of the upper lip and primary palate.

PMID- 3700590
TI  - Efficacy of and patient preference for three counseling formats.
AB  - Three methods of conveying genetics-related information to parents with children
      who have isolated cleft lip and palate (CL/P) were evaluated for efficacy and
      patient preference. The methods were slide-tape, group counseling, and individual
      (or parental couple) counseling formats. Sixty-one subjects were assigned at
      random to one of the three formats and then quizzed about their pre- and
      postcounseling knowledge and attitudes on CL/P. Long-term retention of
      information was measured by administering a third quiz 6 months after the initial
      counseling session. Comparisons of the mean scores for the three formats within
      each questionnaire revealed no significant differences among them. Based on this
      study, the following conclusions were drawn: Genetic counseling significantly
      improves one's knowledge base about CL/P; no counseling method is detectably
      better or worse than the others in conveying genetic information to counselees;
      group or audiovisual counseling is accepted by counselees as well as or better
      than individual counseling; the audiovisual format presents the same information
      as a counselor in half the time; and genetic counseling for CL/P is an
      underprovided service by San Antonio's CL/P treatment teams.

PMID- 3700591
TI  - Stage-specific response of the mesenchyme to excess vitamin A in developing rat
      facial processes.
AB  - The effects of excess retinol (vitamin A alcohol) on facial process formation
      were examined in cultured rat embryos. The embryos were explanted at day 11 of
      gestation (plug day = 0) and cultured for 72 hr in rat serum containing an
      additional 1 or 10 micrograms/ml retinol. The reduction of outgrowth in the
      facial processes was observed in 1 microgram/ml retinol-treated embryos, and this
      type of malformation was found to be more severe in 10 micrograms/ml retinol
      treated embryos. Histological findings of 10 micrograms/ml retinol-treated
      embryos at the 50-somite stage showed that the nasal epithelium was developed but
      folded. In the mesenchyme, there were necrotic cells. Thymidine incorporation by
      mesenchymal cells in the facial processes was also determined. At the 50-somite
      stage, the uptake was decreased to 66.4% of control value at 1 microgram/ml
      retinol, whereas the addition of the same dose of retinol did not cause the
      inhibition at the 36-, 40-, and 42-somite stages. The uptake at the 50-somite
      stage was decreased to 23.0% as a result of the 10 micrograms/ml retinol
      treatment. These results show that the response of the facial mesenchyme to
      excess retinol is dependent on the development stage and the critical stage of
      the facial mesenchyme for excess retinol in cultured rat embryos is the 42-somite
      stage.

PMID- 3700592
TI  - Presence of gamma-aminobutyric acid in embryonic palates of AJ and SWV mouse
      strains.
AB  - The presence of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the embryonic palate was sought
      as a criterion for its role in regulating palate development. GABA was measured
      by a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) method using the
      heptafluorobutyryl (HFB)-cyclohexyl-GABA derivative, which gave the necessary
      sensitivity and specificity to measure low levels of GABA in the presence of
      contaminating substances. GABA was measured in dissected embryonic palates at
      various times of development in the AJ mouse strain. GABA levels were lower in
      day 14 AJ palates (0.19 +/- 0.01 nmol/mg protein) than at days 13 (0.28 +/- 0.03)
      and 15 (0.30 +/- 0.04). Comparable levels were observed in fore- and hindlimbs at
      day 14, whereas levels were lower in embryonic tongue and higher, as was
      expected, in embryonic brain. To confirm the presence of GABA in the palate, it
      was analyzed in growing palate mesenchymal cells in primary and secondary
      cultures as well as in serum-free medium. In addition, GABA levels were compared
      in the SWV mouse strain; this strain exhibits a more efficient active uptake
      mechanism and diazepam produces a higher frequency of cleft palate in this strain
      than in AJ. SWV contained one and one-half to three times higher concentrations
      of GABA in excised palates and cultured palate cells than the AJ strain.
      Furthermore, when GABA levels in skin fibroblasts of the two strains were
      measured, SWV cells contained 2.7-fold greater GABA than AJ cells. The present
      results provide additional evidence for the role of GABA in palate development.

PMID- 3700593
TI  - Inhibition of secondary cartilage of the intermaxillary suture in Sprague-Dawley
      rats following the enucleation of maxillary molars.
AB  - A single craniofacial suture can undergo several morphologic transformations
      during its development. From 3 to 7 weeks of age, the intermaxillary suture of
      the rat is synchondrotic in character, featuring secondary cartilage; at later
      times, this suture is syndesmotic in character, featuring a fibrous tissue
      interface. Since intermittent mechanical stimulation has been reported to
      initiate secondary cartilage formation, a study was done to determine if the
      functioning dentition were responsible for secondary cartilage formation in the
      intermaxillary suture of the rat. Twenty-two female Sprague-Dawley rats were
      used. At 3 weeks of age, prior to eruption, the maxillary molars were enucleated
      from nine animals. Body weights were recorded weekly. Animals were sacrificed
      weekly from 4 to 7 weeks of age. One hour prior to sacrifice, each rat was
      injected with [35S]sulfate at a dosage of 2 microCi/g body weight. The tissues
      were evaluated by light microscopy and autoradiography. In the experimental
      group, the midpalatal suture did not undergo the normal synchondrotic
      transformation. Instead, this suture remained fibrous with negligible
      metachromatic staining. In the control animals, the peak period of [35S]sulfate
      incorporation was 4 weeks of age and was five times greater than in the
      experimental group. The primary stimulus for the initiation of secondary
      cartilage formation in the midpalatal suture of the rat was molar function. Also,
      functioning molars were found to be important in the maintenance of the palatal
      bone.

PMID- 3700594
TI  - International Neuropsychological Society. Program and abstracts. 9th European
      conference. June 25-28, 1986, Veldhoven, The Netherlands.

PMID- 3700595
TI  - Determination of endotoxin in injectable antibiotic preparations by the
      chromogenic assay method using a Limulus reagent (Tachypleus hemocyte lysate) and
      a chromogenic substrate.
AB  - The effects of 50 antibiotics on the detection and determination of bacterial
      endotoxins by the chromogenic method using a Limulus reagent (Tachypleus hemocyte
      lysate) and a chromogenic substrate of p-nitroaniline derivatives were tested,
      and the antibiotic concentration for 50% inhibition of the chromogenic reaction
      in the presence of 0.5 ng of endotoxin (Escherichia coli 0111:B4) per ml was
      estimated. All the antibiotic preparations were depyrogenized by ultrafiltration
      treatment before they were subjected to the test. The reaction was conducted in
      the presence of a high concentration (0.5 M) of Tris buffer to constantly
      maintain the pH of the reaction mixture, and liberated p-nitroaniline was
      determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Several aminoglycosides
      (amikacin, bekanamycin, kanamycin, and streptomycin sulfate), bleomycin
      hydrochloride, and fosfomycin disodium showed no inhibition of the reaction up to
      20 mg/ml. However, other antibiotics, including penicillins, cephalosporins,
      macrolides, and tetracyclines, inhibited the reaction concentration dependently.
      Polymyxin B sulfate was the most potent inhibitor, with less than 8 micrograms/ml
      for 50% inhibition. It was concluded that the chromogenic method can be applied
      to the detection and determination of endotoxin in most of the antibiotic
      preparations. An application of this method to carbenicillin disodium
      preparations was exemplified.

PMID- 3700596
TI  - Sensitive and specific monoclonal immunoassay for detecting yellow fever virus in
      laboratory and clinical specimens.
AB  - A solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) was developed for the detection of yellow
      fever (YF) virus in infected cell culture supernatant fluid and clinical samples.
      The test employed a flavivirus group-reactive monoclonal antibody attached to a
      polystyrene bead support and a radiolabeled type-specific antibody probe in a
      simultaneous sandwich RIA format. Optimal assay conditions specified a 16-h
      incubation at high temperature (45 degrees C). Monoclonal antibody to tetanus
      toxoid was added to the radiolabeled probe to inhibit nonspecific binding. The
      sensitivity of the assay for cell culture-propagated virus was 2.0 log10 50%
      mosquito infectious doses per 100 microliters or 100 pg of gradient-purified
      virion protein per 100 microliters. Specificity, assessed with human sera from
      512 patients with liver diseases other than YF, including acute viral hepatitis,
      showed a false-positive rate of 0.0 to 0.6%. Sera from experimentally infected
      rhesus macaques containing greater than 3.0 log10 units/100 microliter of YF
      virus were positive by RIA. Sera and liver tissue from human patients were found
      to be positive.

PMID- 3700597
TI  - Morphological variations of Haemophilus parasuis strains.
AB  - Haemophilus parasuis strains isolated from the noses of apparently healthy
      animals and from animals with pathological conditions were examined for the
      presence of a capsule, for their ability to agglutinate in acriflavine or after
      boiling, and for their peptide profile after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      (PAGE). The capsule was identified by precipitation against hexadecyl
      trimethylammonium bromide (Cetavlon), by demonstration of iridescence, and by
      means of a capsule-staining method. We found a group of capsulated strains
      showing a rather coccobacillary morphology compared with the morphology with
      polymorphism, varying from rod-like to filamentous, in strains without detectable
      capsules. The strains of the latter group were agglutinated by acriflavine or by
      boiling. Soluble antigens of capsulated strains reacting with Cetavlon were
      thermostable and resisted proteolytic enzymes, thus suggesting the presence of an
      acidic polysaccharide. A few of the capsulated strains did not precipitate with
      Cetavlon, which indicated that their chemical composition was different.
      Acriflavine-positive strains belonging to a definite PAGE pattern (type II)
      seemed to be associated with pathological conditions more frequently than were
      capsulated strains which were mostly isolated from nasal cavities of apparently
      healthy pigs. We put forward the hypothesis that the agglutinability in
      acriflavine, together with the PAGE profile type II, may be associated with
      particular structures responsible for virulence.

PMID- 3700598
TI  - Evaluation of the MicroScan antimicrobial susceptibility system with the autoSCAN
      4 automated reader.
AB  - The American MicroScan (American MicroScan, Mahwah, N.J.) identification and
      antimicrobial susceptibility system consists in part of an automated reading
      system (autoSCAN-4) with data management capabilities. We evaluated the system
      with 404 gram-negative and 170 gram-positive facultative anaerobic and aerobic
      bacteria. We compared MicroScan results read automatically and visually with each
      other and with the results obtained by the reference method (read visually). The
      overall agreement within +/- 1 log2 dilution was 94.3% when the MicroScan system
      (read automatically) was compared with the reference method (read visually),
      96.4% when MicroScan panels (read visually) were compared with reference panels,
      and 97.4% when the autoSCAN-4 automated reading was compared with the visual
      reading of the MicroScan panels. Total discrepancies (susceptibility
      interpretation category changes) for the MicroScan system compared with the
      reference method were 7%, with 6.2% considered a minor discrepancy. The autoSCAN
      4 and the complete MicroScan system yielded accurate results compared with the
      reference method.

PMID- 3700599
TI  - Ureaplasma urealyticum serotypes in urinary tract disease.
AB  - Ureaplasma urealyticum cultures from 124 patients with urinary tract disease were
      serotyped by indirect immunofluorescence, using antisera to serotypes I to VIII.
      A similar range of serotypes was recovered from first-voided, midstream, and
      bladder-aspiration (SPA) urine, upper urinary tract samples, and vaginal swabs.
      Serotype VI was predominant (44/124) among the samples, whereas serotypes V
      (1/124 samples) and VII (0/124 samples) were uncommon. Twenty of 124 cultures
      contained more than one serotype, and three cultures were untypeable. Serotypes
      cultured from bladder urine were also present in vaginal and urethral samples,
      although these samples often carried additional serotypes. Consecutive SPA
      samples from the same patient invariably contained the same serotype, whereas
      some consecutive midstream urine samples showed a loss or gain of serotypes with
      time. One patient carried the same serotype in SPA urine over a period of 13
      months. The pattern of serotypes recovered from the urinary tract was similar
      irrespective of the sampling site, the site of infection, the clinical diagnosis
      and renal function of the patient, and the presence or absence of other
      microorganisms. Colonization above the urethra and association with urinary tract
      disease appeared to be serotype independent.

PMID- 3700600
TI  - Guanine is a growth factor for Legionella species.
AB  - Evaluation of previously described chemically defined media for the growth of
      Legionella pneumophila showed that these media supported poor growth of several
      strains of L. pneumophila and did not support growth of certain of the Legionella
      species described later. Growth was stimulated by the dialysate from yeast
      extract but not by the nondialyzable fraction. Further investigations indicated
      that the active factors from the yeast extract dialysate were purine or
      pyrimidine derivatives, and certain known purines and pyrimidines were found to
      stimulate growth. Of these, guanine universally stimulated growth of all
      Legionella strains and was a growth requirement for several of the species
      tested. A balanced, N-(2-acetamido)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid-buffered,
      chemically defined medium having guanine or a purine-pyrimidine mix is presented
      for the general growth of Legionella species.

PMID- 3700601
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography of mycolic acids as a tool in the
      identification of Corynebacterium, Nocardia, Rhodococcus, and Mycobacterium
      species.
AB  - High-performance liquid chromatography of bromophenacyl esters of mycolic acid
      was used as an aid to assign a particular organism to one of four mycolic acid
      containing genera. A gradient elution system, with methanol and chloroform, was
      used to distinguish representative mycolic acid patterns for the genera
      Corynebacterium, Rhodococcus, Nocardia, and Mycobacterium.

PMID- 3700602
TI  - Salt-induced filamentous growth of a Salmonella strain isolated from blood.
AB  - A strain of Salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuis serovar paratyphi-A
      isolated from the blood of a febrile patient grew into filaments on a nutrient
      agar containing various salts, such as NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, or
      (NH4)2HPO4, at concentrations of 50 to 400 mM. The filamentous cells were
      nonseptate and multinucleate, and they had colony-forming ability. This mutant
      strain, however, did not show filamentous growth in liquid media which contained
      the same salts. On nutrient agar containing 20% sucrose but no salts, some of the
      cells formed large spheroplasts. Both ampicillin treatment and in vivo
      environment may in part be responsible for the induction of the mutant strain.

PMID- 3700603
TI  - Method for the typing of Clostridium difficile based on polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis of [35S]methionine-labeled proteins.
AB  - A typing method for Clostridium difficile based on the incorporation of
      [35S]methionine into cellular proteins, their separation by sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and their visualization by
      autoradiography is described. On analysis of the radiolabeled-protein profiles,
      nine distinct groups were observed (A to E and W to Z). The method, which is
      simple, reproducible, and readily expandable, has been applied in epidemiological
      studies to demonstrate cross-infection and hospital acquisition of C. difficile.

PMID- 3700604
TI  - Separation of Cryptosporidium species oocysts from feces by using a percoll
      discontinuous density gradient.
AB  - Cryptosporidium oocysts were concentrated by an ether-phosphate-buffered saline
      sedimentation technique and then separated by density gradient centrifugation.
      This two-step method yielded highly concentrated oocysts largely free of bacteria
      and fecal debris.

PMID- 3700605
TI  - Enhancement of Bacteroides intermedius growth by Fusobacterium necrophorum.
AB  - Previous work from this laboratory has demonstrated the persistence of
      Bacteroides intermedius in the livers of mice receiving an intraperitoneal
      inoculum of B. intermedius and Fusobacterium necrophorum. This study was
      undertaken to determine whether F. necrophorum enhanced the in vitro growth of B.
      intermedius. Tryptose phosphate broth did not support the growth of B.
      intermedius alone, but the bacterium did survive in a tryptose phosphate broth
      culture of F. necrophorum. B. intermedius cultured in F. necrophorum-conditioned
      tryptose phosphate broth grew impressively, reaching maximal absorbance at 24 h
      after inoculation. The growth of B. intermedius in F. necrophorum-conditioned
      tryptose phosphate broth was proportional to the amount of conditioned medium
      present. The B. intermedius growth-stimulating factor was detectable in
      conditioned medium 8 h after inoculation with F. necrophorum and could be
      detected throughout the 96-h incubation period. Growth-factor-active fractions
      eluted from a Sephadex G-100 column did not absorb at 280 nm and were retained on
      the column until 4 column volumes were eluted. The growth factor was
      nondialyzable and stable to boiling, lyophilization, extraction with hot aqueous
      phenol, and trypsin digestion. The factor was inactivated by exposure to pH 2.0
      in the pepsin digestion protocol. Significant amounts of hexose, methyl pentose,
      and 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate were detected in pooled growth-factor-active fractions
      eluted from the Sephadex column. This pool was also active in the Limulus lysate
      endotoxin assay. These results suggest that the B. intermedius growth-stimulating
      factor produced by F. necrophorum is a lipopolysaccharide.

PMID- 3700606
TI  - Involvement of coagulase-negative staphylococci in toxic shock syndrome.
AB  - Coagulase-negative staphylococci that produce toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST
      1) or a staphylococcal enterotoxin or both were isolated from various sources.
      Coagulase-negative strains that produce TSST-1 alone or with enterotoxin A were
      the only staphylococci isolated from seven patients with toxic shock syndrome.
      Two other toxic shock syndrome patients had coagulase-positive staphylococci
      also, but only the coagulase-negative strains produced TSST-1. Coagulase-positive
      and coagulase-negative strains that produced TSST-1 were isolated from two other
      toxic shock syndrome patients. In addition, coagulase-negative staphylococci that
      produced toxins were isolated from patients with other staphylococcal infections
      and from food implicated in a case of food poisoning.

PMID- 3700607
TI  - Relationships between alternative complement pathway activation, C-reactive
      protein, and pneumococcal infection.
AB  - In the absence of specific antibody, opsonization of Streptococcus pneumoniae may
      be mediated by the alternative complement pathway (AP) or by C-reactive protein
      (CRP) via C1 binding. To determine the role of these mechanisms in pneumococcal
      (PNC) disease, we studied 19 patients with differing severities of PNC infection.
      C4 and CRP levels and zymosan-induced consumption of 50% hemolytic complement
      (CH50) were measured in specimens obtained acutely and then weekly. In patients
      with complicated illness, the modified mean CH50 in acute sera was 178 +/- 57
      U/ml, significantly lower than the mean CH50 of 331 +/- 80 U/ml in patients with
      uncomplicated illness (P less than 0.05). The values of the two groups on a given
      day approximated each other on days 7, 14, and 23. Consumption of complement by
      zymosan was also lower in acute sera of patients with complicated illness, with a
      mean value of 19 +/- 18 U/ml compared with 58 +/- 30 U/ml in those with
      uncomplicated illness (P less than 0.05). This difference was also seen on day 7
      (P less than 0.05). Disease involving lower-numbered PNC serotypes (less than 10)
      correlated with reduced availability of AP factors in acute sera, independent of
      illness severity. Mean CRP levels were inversely related to zymosan-induced
      complement activation in patients with complicated illness. These data suggest
      that in vivo depletion of AP factors is significantly greater in patients with
      complicated illness and is associated with high CRP levels. CRP may enhance AP
      activation via C3 convertase generation and function with it as a preantibody
      host defense mechanism.

PMID- 3700608
TI  - Microbiological and microhardness evaluation of artificial enamel fissures worn
      intraorally by humans.
AB  - Devices simulating occlusal fissures were constructed from dental enamel and
      bonded to human maxillary molar teeth for 3 weeks. Facilitation of in vivo caries
      research in humans is the long-range goal for this model system. In the present
      investigation, microbial compositions of plaque in the fissural space of the
      model and natural fissural plaque from teeth bearing the devices were compared.
      Plaque from models constructed from either bovine or human enamel was also
      compared. In addition, microhardness of the enamel surfaces was examined before
      and after oral exposure. Plaque in both bovine and human enamel models differed
      significantly from natural fissural plaque in several microbial categories.
      Differences appeared to be related to the increased accessibility of the deep
      fissural contents of the models. For example, levels of the aciduric
      Streptococcus mutans and Veillonella species were higher in the models, although
      levels of a salivary inhabitant, Streptococcus salivarius, were lower. Plaque in
      bovine and human enamel models was similar, and both models showed significant
      decreases in enamel microhardness after oral exposure for 3 weeks. The model
      system should be useful in caries research in that carieslike activity was
      simulated within a relatively short period of time, and the fissural space became
      colonized by high levels of cariogenic bacteria.

PMID- 3700609
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of streptolysin O antibodies.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immumosorbent assay (ELISA), based upon the detection of
      streptolysin O antibodies in human sera, was developed. Disposable polystyrene
      tubes, sensitized with streptolysin O antigen, were used as the test vehicles.
      Corresponding antibodies, present in test sera, were detected by binding of the
      antibodies to goat anti-human immunoglobulin G conjugated to horseradish
      peroxidase. Demonstration of bound conjugate was accomplished by monitoring
      peroxidase activity spectrophotometrically at 450 nm, using 5-aminosalicylic acid
      as the indicator. A total of 97 human sera, previously analyzed by means of the
      anti-streptolysin O titration technique, were evaluated with the ELISA procedure.
      A direct quantitative relationship, found to be statistically significant, was
      demonstrated between Todd units and absorbance values obtained with ELISA.

PMID- 3700610
TI  - Development and persistence of local and systemic antibody responses in adults
      given live attenuated or inactivated influenza A virus vaccine.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure nasal-wash and serum
      isotype-specific hemagglutinin antibody responses in 109 seronegative
      (hemagglutination-inhibiting titer less than or equal to 1:8) adults vaccinated
      intranasally with live attenuated A/Washington/897/80 (H3N2) or
      A/California/10/78 (H1N1) cold-adapted (ca) virus or with licensed subvirion
      vaccine subcutaneously. Live and inactivated virus elicited serum immunoglobulin
      A (IgA) responses in 83 and 96% of vaccinees, respectively, and elicited serum
      IgG responses in 72 and 100% of vaccinees. Inactivated virus induced higher
      titers of serum antibodies than did live virus and stimulated a nasal-wash IgG
      response more often than did live virus (94 versus 59%, P less than 0.01). In
      contrast, only 38% of inactivated virus vaccinees had local IgA responses
      compared with 83% of live virus vaccinees. Serum IgA and IgG and nasal IgG
      antibody titers remained elevated above prevaccination levels for at least 6
      months in most of the live and inactivated vaccine responders, but the mean level
      of local IgA antibody induced by infection with live virus vaccine, in
      particular, decreased substantially. Considered in the context of previous work,
      the finding that live virus vaccine induced relatively long-lasting antibody in
      both local and serum compartments suggested that this vaccine may be a suitable
      alternative to inactivated vaccine for use in healthy persons.

PMID- 3700611
TI  - Resistance of adults to challenge with influenza A wild-type virus after
      receiving live or inactivated virus vaccine.
AB  - The efficacy of live attenuated cold-adapted (ca) reassortant influenza A H3N2
      and H1N1 virus vaccines against experimental challenge with homologous wild-type
      virus 7 months after vaccination was compared with that of licensed inactivated
      virus vaccine in 106 seronegative (hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody titer
      less than or equal to 1:8) college students. The live attenuated virus vaccines
      induced as much resistance against illness as did the inactivated vaccine.
      Vaccine efficacy, measured by reduction in febrile or systemic illness in
      vaccines, compared with that in controls was 100% for ca H3N2 vaccine, 84% for
      inactivated H3N2 vaccine, 79% for ca H1N1 vaccine, and 67% for inactivated H1N1
      vaccine. Less protection was conferred against upper respiratory tract illness;
      there was 50 and 77% protection in ca and inactivated H3N2 vaccines,
      respectively, but there was no protection in ca or inactivated H1N1 vaccinees.
      The duration, but not the magnitude, of H1N1 wild-type virus shedding in both ca
      and inactivated vaccinees was significantly reduced compared with controls. In
      contrast, a significant reduction in the duration and magnitude of H3N2 virus
      shedding was observed in ca vaccinees but not in inactivated vaccines. After wild
      type virus challenge, live ca virus vaccinees demonstrated resistance at least as
      great 7 months postvaccination as did inactivated virus vaccinees. These
      observations indicate that live virus vaccines may be a satisfactory alternative
      to inactivated vaccines for healthy persons.

PMID- 3700612
TI  - Importance of exfoliatin toxin A production by Staphylococcus aureus strains
      isolated from clustered epidemics of neonatal pustulosis.
AB  - Clustered epidemics of pustulosis due to Staphylococcus aureus occurred in two
      geographically distant newborn nurseries. In nurseries A and B an attack rate of
      pustulosis of 0.8 and 2.0 cases per 100 live births occurred, respectively.
      Experimental phage type 1046/1116 belonging to phage group II dominated clustered
      epidemics in nursery A, while group II phage type 3A/3C/55/71 and 3A/3C/55
      occurred in nursery B. Other group II strains also occasionally produced
      clustered epidemics. These epidemic strains were found to be making heat-stable
      dermal exfoliatin toxin A (ETA) which had a pI of 6.8 and a molecular weight of
      32,000 and 33,000. ETA-bearing strains did not make bacteriocin. Children
      infected with ETA-producing strains developed extensive bullous pustulosis.
      Surveillance cultures of personnel revealed an ETA-bearing strain in only one
      person. This strain was not the same phage type as the epidemic cluster. In
      contrast, ETA-bearing epidemic strains were found in the inanimate environment of
      both nurseries. ETA protein acts as an important virulence factor in the
      production of neonatal pustulosis infection and appears to be linked with the
      ability of S. aureus organisms to stick to the inanimate environment.

PMID- 3700613
TI  - Bordetella bronchiseptica phase variation induced by crystal violet.
AB  - A method for effective induction of phase variation in Bordetella bronchiseptica
      by treatment with crystal violet (CV) is presented. When grown in CV-broth, phase
      I cells dissociated into three serial phases. Appearance of variant cells was
      observed simultaneously with the beginning of cell multiplication. The maximum
      effect of CV was obtained at a concentration of 8 micrograms/ml, when the
      proportion of variants in the population reached 100%. The main factors which
      affected phase variation were concentration of CV, culture age, and temperature
      of treatment. The phase variants obtained were phenotypically stable upon serial
      passages on Bordet-Gengou agar plates. By this treatment, no reversion of phase
      descendants to former phases was observed.

PMID- 3700614
TI  - Chemical characterization of Flavobacterium odoratum, Flavobacterium breve, and
      Flavobacterium-like groups IIe, IIh, and IIf.
AB  - The cellular fatty acid, sphingolipid, and isoprenoid quinone compositions of
      Flavobacterium odoratum, Flavobacterium breve, and Flavobacterium-like groups
      IIe, IIh, and IIf were determined, using thin-layer, gas-liquid, and reverse
      phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The fatty acid data showed that
      groups IIe, IIh, and IIf were similar to recognized Flavobacterium species by the
      presence of relatively large amounts of iso-branched hydroxy and nonhydroxy
      acids. Groups IIe and IIh were essentially identical in fatty acid composition
      but were distinguished from group IIf, F. breve, and F. odoratum on the basis of
      minor qualitative and quantitative differences. All strains tested contained
      menaquinone 6 as the major isoprenoid quinone, and all lacked sphingolipids.
      Overall, the chemical data suggest that groups IIe, IIh, and IIf are additional
      Flavobacterium species and are different from sphingobacteria, which contain
      sphingolipid and menaquinone 7 as the major quinone.

PMID- 3700615
TI  - Response of dairy calves to vaccinia viruses that express foreign genes.
AB  - Repeated intradermal inoculations of calves with wild-type vaccinia virus and
      recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing human hepatitis B virus surface antigen
      and herpes simplex virus, type 1, glycoprotein D produced characteristic pox
      lesions at each site of injection. In some instances, calves were inoculated as
      many as five times at intervals from 4 to 7 weeks. The lesions invariably were
      more severe after the second inoculation. Subsequent inoculations produced a less
      severe area of redness, swelling, necrosis, and scab formation. No other signs of
      illness, such as an elevation in temperature, were noted in the calves. Vaccinia
      virus was isolated in low titers from scabs taken at various times after
      inoculation. No lesions were formed at the sites injected with tissue culture
      fluid and cellular debris at the same time that virus inoculations were made.
      Calf contact controls remained normal through the 8-week exposure in isolation
      units with calves inoculated twice with vaccinia virus. No neutralizing antibody
      to vaccinia virus was detected in the contact controls. In contrast, the virus
      inoculated calves developed neutralizing antibody to vaccinia virus and to herpes
      simplex virus glycoprotein D in serum. In all cattle, a second inoculation
      significantly enhanced the neutralizing antibody response within 1 week,
      suggesting that an anamnestic response had occurred. No antibody to hepatitis B
      virus surface antigen was elicited in calves after repeated inoculations with
      vaccinia recombinants that express hepatitis B virus surface antigen and are
      known to elicit in rabbits antibodies reactive with hepatitis B virus surface
      antigen.

PMID- 3700616
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Staphylococcus epidermidis
      antibody in experimental S. epidermidis endocarditis.
AB  - The immune response against Staphylococcus epidermidis, as determined by an
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, was evaluated in experimental S. epidermidis
      infections in rabbits. Antigens from 8 of 10 clinical S. epidermidis strains
      detected significant antibody production in five rabbits immunized with different
      strains of S. epidermidis and in five of six rabbits with experimental
      endocarditis caused by four different strains. The antigens from two strains
      detected antibody production in all rabbits, and strain ATCC 14990 discriminated
      best between positive and negative samples. Consecutive blood samples from
      rabbits with endocarditis and control rabbits with bacteremia, which were
      successfully prevented from developing endocarditis by using prophylactic
      antibiotics, were examined by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and an
      ultrasonic extract of strain ATCC 14990 as the antigen. This assay discriminated
      between rabbits with endocarditis and rabbits with uncomplicated bacteremia.
      Antibody production was detected as early as 3 days after the onset of infection
      in rabbits with endocarditis.

PMID- 3700617
TI  - DNA probes for identification of clinically important Bacteroides species.
AB  - Conventional procedures for identifying gram-negative anaerobes such as
      Bacteroides spp. are cumbersome and time-consuming. A simpler approach would be
      to use DNA probes to identify these organisms. Since many different species of
      gram-negative anaerobes are isolated from clinical specimens, the most useful DNA
      probes would be probes that identify a few clinically significant groups of
      anaerobes. To obtain such probes, we cloned HindIII-digested chromosomal DNA from
      various Bacteroides species and then screened these probes, labeled with 32P by
      nick translation, for hybridization to DNA from various species of Bacteroides,
      Fusobacterium, and other gram-negative bacteria. We identified three DNA probes
      (pBFII-4, pBFII-5, and pBFII-6) that hybridized specifically to DNA from
      Bacteroides fragilis, the species that accounts for about half of all isolates
      from clinical specimens containing anaerobes. We identified one DNA probe (pBE-3)
      that hybridized to all members of the B. fragilis group, a group of species that
      resemble B. fragilis with respect to fermentation pattern and antibiotic
      resistances. We also identified one probe (pBO-21) that hybridized to DNA from
      all Bacteroides sp. strains as well as to DNA from strains of Fusobacterium
      necrophorum and Fusobacterium nucleatum. pBO-21, but not pBE-3, cross-hybridized
      with a cloned Bacteroides sp. 16S rRNA gene. The limit of detection for these
      probes was 10(6) bacteria. The probes could detect B. fragilis in blood culture
      medium and in mixed cultures with other gram-negative bacteria. Attempts to use
      biotin-labeled DNA probes instead of 32P-labeled probes were not successful
      because the Bacteroides sp. extracts contained material that bound the
      streptoavidin-peroxidase detection reagent.

PMID- 3700619
TI  - Intracranial infection by Vibrio alginolyticus following injury in salt water.
AB  - A 20-year-old man presented with an epidural abscess 3 months after a seawater
      diving accident. Cultures of the abscess cavity obtained by surgical drainage
      revealed a pure culture of Vibrio alginolyticus. Marine vibrios may produce
      serious intracranial infection after head injury in salt water.

PMID- 3700618
TI  - Endogenous activity of phospholipases A and C in Ureaplasma urealyticum.
AB  - The results of recent studies support the concept that Ureaplasma urealyticum may
      be a major cause of perinatal infection in both term and preterm infants. It has
      been postulated that phospholipase degradation of placental phospholipids by
      microorganisms triggers the onset of premature labor. Since the presence of
      ureaplasmas in placentas is associated with pregnancy loss, prematurity, and
      neonatal morbidity, we assayed U. urealyticum for the presence of phospholipase
      A1, A2, and C activities. Phospholipase A1 activity was low in lysates of
      exponential-phase cells of U. urealyticum. Phospholipase A2 activity was present
      and was 100-fold higher than the activity of phospholipase A1 in serotypes 3,4,
      and 8. The total activity and specific activity of phospholipase A2 in serotype 8
      were nearly threefold higher than the activities in serotypes 3 and 4. Cell
      lysates of all three serotypes showed the presence of phospholipase C activity
      during the exponential phase of growth, and no significant difference in activity
      was observed among the three serotypes. In stationary-phase cells the
      phospholipase C activity was 10-fold lower than the activity in exponential-phase
      cells. Our results demonstrate that phospholipase activities are present in U.
      urealyticum cells and that the specific activities of phospholipase A2 differed
      among the three serotypes tested, while the activities of phospholipases A1 and C
      were similar.

PMID- 3700620
TI  - Conjunctivitis caused by a nutritionally variant streptococcus.
AB  - We report on a case of conjunctivitis caused by a nutritionally variant
      streptococcus in a newborn infant.

PMID- 3700621
TI  - Comparison of washed nasopharyngeal cells and whole nasal secretions for
      detection of respiratory syncytial virus antigens by enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay.
AB  - We compared washed nasal epithelial cells with unfractionated nasal secretions as
      sources of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) antigens in an indirect enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Of 28 infants positive for RSV by virus
      isolation or direct immunofluorescence or both, 27 (96%) were positive by ELISA
      with whole nasal secretions, whereas only 19 (68%) were positive by ELISA with
      the matching washed-cell fractions. Furthermore, the ELISA absorbances obtained
      with nasal secretions were significantly greater than those seen with washed-cell
      fractions, indicating that whole nasal secretions contain relatively greater
      amounts of RSV antigens as measured by ELISA.

PMID- 3700622
TI  - Single-serum diagnosis of rubella by combined use of the hemagglutination
      inhibition and passive hemagglutination tests.
AB  - We explored the feasibility of using the passive hemagglutination (PHA) test in
      combination with the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test for the single-serum
      diagnosis of rubella. We found by sedimentation analysis of the serum that early
      7S antibody produced within 1 month after the onset of the rash had high HI but
      much lower PHA titers, whereas the PHA titers of antibody produced later were
      slightly higher than the HI titers. (19S antibody in the early serum had some PHA
      activity.) This disparity between the HI and PHA activities of the early 7S
      antibody could be used for the routine diagnosis of rubella. A comparison of the
      HI titers of the test serum with the PHA titers of mercaptoethanol-treated serum
      constitutes a simple method for determining whether the serum sample was taken
      shortly or remotely after the infection.

PMID- 3700623
TI  - Modified extraction procedure for gas-liquid chromatography applied to the
      identification of anaerobic bacteria.
AB  - Chloroform and ether commonly are used as solvents to extract metabolic organic
      acids for analysis by gas-liquid chromatography in the identification of
      anaerobic bacteria. Because these solvents are potentially hazardous to
      personnel, modified extraction procedures involving the use of a safer solvent,
      methyl tert-butyl ether were developed which remained both simple to perform and
      effective for organism identification.

PMID- 3700624
TI  - Radiometric method for the rapid detection of Leptospira organisms.
AB  - A rapid and sensitive radiometric method for detection of Leptospira interrogans
      serovar pomona and Leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni is described.
      Stuart's medium and Middlebrook TB (12A) medium supplemented with bovine serum
      albumin, catalase, and casein hydrolysate and labeled with 14C-fatty acids were
      used. The radioactivity was measured in a BACTEC 460 (Johnston Laboratories).
      With this system, Leptospira organisms were detected in human blood in 2 to 5
      days, a notably shorter time period than that required for the majority of
      detection techniques.

PMID- 3700626
TI  - Detection of pathogenic Campylobacter species in blood culture systems.
AB  - Because differences in recognition of Campylobacter fetus and Campylobacter
      jejuni in systemic infections may be due partially to differences in the ability
      to cultivate these organisms, we studied their growth characteristics in two
      widely used blood culture systems. In the Roche Septi-Chek system (Hoffman-La
      Roche, Inc., Nutley, N.J.), over a broad range of inocula all strains were
      detected in broth within 2 days and on paddles within 3 days. In the BACTEC 6B
      aerobic bottles (Johnston Laboratories, Inc., Towson, Md.), C. jejuni and C.
      fetus took a median of 5 and 3 days, respectively, to reach the growth index
      threshold. However, in the BACTEC 7D anaerobic bottles, C. fetus required a
      median of 2 days to reach the growth index threshold, whereas for C. jejuni the
      median was greater than 10 days. The poor performance of C. jejuni in both BACTEC
      systems may have been due to unfavorable incubation atmospheres and may partially
      explain why C. jejuni bacteremia is so infrequently detected. Overall, the Roche
      Septi-Chek system was excellent for detecting Campylobacter strains in blood
      cultures.

PMID- 3700625
TI  - Serodiagnosis of La Crosse virus infections in humans by detection of
      immunoglobulin M class antibodies.
AB  - Sera from 92 humans with illnesses clinically compatible with those caused by
      California serogroup virus infections were tested for antibody to La Crosse (LAC)
      virus by using the immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody-capture enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (MAC ELISA), the IgG ELISA, and the hemagglutination
      inhibition (HI), complement fixation and serum dilution-plaque reduction
      neutralization tests. On the reported day of onset of illness in 18 individuals,
      94% had IgM antibody, 50% had neutralization antibody, 33% had HI antibody, and
      11% had IgG antibody. Neutralization, HI, and IgG antibody prevalence rates
      increased thereafter, whereas IgM antibody prevalence remained high (92% 2 or
      more weeks after the onset of illness). It was concluded that the MAC ELISA is a
      sensitive test for the presence of antibody to LAC virus. The sensitivity of the
      MAC ELISA and the rapidity with which it can be performed appear to provide a
      powerful tool for the clinically relevant serodiagnosis of LAC virus infections
      in humans.

PMID- 3700627
TI  - Modified ammonia electrode method to investigate D-asparagine breakdown by
      Campylobacter strains.
AB  - An ammonia electrode method has been developed for investigating the deamination
      of amino acids by bacteria. It consists of incubating a standard inoculum of
      organisms in an amino acid solution and then measuring the amount of ammonia
      evolved by the electrode. Two hundred and twelve Campylobacter strains (118 C.
      jejuni and 94 C. coli) were tested for their ability to break down D-asparagine
      by this method. Organism control (bacterial suspension in buffer alone) values
      ranged from 0.44 to 2.0 (mean 0.93 +/- 0.24) ammonia concentration (AC) units
      (one AC unit is equal to 10(-5) mol of ammonia per liter), whereas test values
      ranged from 0.60 to 46.0 units. Test ACs of less than 2 units (97 strains) were
      considered negative, whereas ACs of greater than or equal to 10 (77 strains) were
      considered positive for D-asparaginase; 38 (18%) strains with ACs between 2 and
      10 units were provisionally assigned an intermediate status. The amount of
      ammonia produced by strains with ACs of greater than or equal to 10 increased
      greatly when the inoculum size was increased, whereas this was not a feature of
      strains with ACs of less than 2 units. The presence or absence of an inoculum
      effect was instrumental in classifying strains with intermediate ACs and allowed
      a breakpoint to be defined. When the ammonia electrode method was repeated, 97.6%
      of the 212 strains gave the same positive or negative reaction that they did on
      the first occasion. Thus the test was highly reproducible. Five strains (all
      porcine C. coli from Germany) were unclassifiable because they repeatedly gave
      either a weak-positive or negative reaction. Overall, 12.7% of C. jejuni strains
      and 86.2% of C. coli strains were positive for D-asparaginase. The ammonia
      electrode method was found to be simple and reliable for separating strains on
      the basis of D-asparaginase activity.

PMID- 3700628
TI  - Selective medium for the isolation of Haemophilus aphrophilus from the human
      periodontium and other oral sites and the low proportion of the organism in the
      oral flora.
AB  - We developed a medium for the selective recovery of Haemophilus aphrophilus. The
      medium, designated TSBVF, was composed of 4% tryptic soy agar, 10% heat
      inactivated horse serum, 75 micrograms of bacitracin per ml, 5 micrograms of
      vancomycin per ml, and 50 micrograms of sodium fluoride per ml. TSBVF yielded a
      threefold higher recovery of oral H. aphrophilus than did chocolate agar with 75
      micrograms of bacitracin per ml, which is a medium routinely used to diagnose
      human Haemophilus infections. H. aphrophilus and the few contaminating organisms
      on TSBVF were readily distinguished on the basis of colony morphology. The H.
      aphrophilus isolates exhibited variable fermentation of raffinose and dextrin but
      otherwise were biochemically similar. In a clinical study, H. aphrophilus was
      frequently recovered from supragingival plaque and saliva and occasionally from
      buccal mucosa and the tonsils. It was also isolated from 29 of 56 subgingival
      sites in 11 of 14 subjects. Its proportion of the subgingival microflora averaged
      0.13% for healthy periodontal sites, 0.05% for adult periodontitis lesions, and
      0.03% for localized juvenile periodontitis lesions. We concluded that H.
      aphrophilus is an indigenous bacterium of the human oral cavity. It occurs in low
      proportions in subgingival plaque and plays no apparent role in advanced
      periodontal disease in humans.

PMID- 3700629
TI  - Mycobacterium fortuitum peritonitis associated with continuous ambulatory
      peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - Mycobacterium fortuitum has been isolated from skin and soft tissue lesions with
      increasing frequency. Rarely, however, has it been a documented cause of
      peritonitis in patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. We
      report here the second such case and discuss both the possibility of M. fortuitum
      or similar organisms as one cause of "sterile" peritonitis in this patient
      population and the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing of such
      isolates.

PMID- 3700630
TI  - Separation of cryptosporidium oocysts from fecal debris by density gradient
      centrifugation and glass bead columns.
AB  - A method was developed to obtain purified cryptosporidium oocysts from fecal
      samples. Oocysts were initially collected by centrifugation through a sucrose
      density gradient and further purified by passage through glass bead columns. The
      purified oocysts were antigenically active and sufficiently pure for
      immunological studies.

PMID- 3700631
TI  - Evaluation of a commercial kit for the routine detection of Clostridium difficile
      cytotoxin by tissue culture.
AB  - The Toxi-titer microtiter plate system (Bartels Immunodiagnostic Supplies, Inc.,
      Bellevue, Wash.) is a simplified procedure for detecting the cytotoxin produced
      by Clostridium difficile in stool filtrates. In a parallel study of 74 stool
      specimens, results from the Toxin-titer system compared favorably with those from
      the conventional system. Our experience with the Toxin-titer system in testing
      540 stool specimens was, in general, satisfactory, although a few problems with
      toxin control did occur. The method requires no specialized experience in tissue
      culture techniques and can therefore be adopted for routine use in clinical
      laboratories.

PMID- 3700632
TI  - Quantitative aspects of fecal Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi in foals.
AB  - Quantitative aspects of fecal Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi in newborn foals
      for 12 weeks after birth were investigated on two horse breeding farms. R. equi
      was found in the feces of foals during week 1 of life. The greatest numbers of R.
      equi were present in the feces of foals during the first 8 weeks of their lives,
      which coincides with the age when foals are most liable to be exposed to R. equi.

PMID- 3700633
TI  - False-positive results with hepatitis B virus DNA dot-hybridization in hepatitis
      B surface antigen-negative specimens.
AB  - Three serum samples derived from healthy hepatitis B surface antigen-negative
      subjects were found to be reactive for hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA sequences when
      assayed by DNA dot-hybridization. All three results were shown to be due to the
      presence of sequences which reacted with residual bacterial plasmid vector
      sequences in the DNA probe, and no evidence of HBV markers was demonstrated in
      the sera. This is the first report of a false-positive result with the HBV DNA
      dot-hybridization assay.

PMID- 3700634
TI  - Enhanced isolation of respiratory syncytial virus in cell culture.
AB  - During two winter seasons, we found that the combination of WI-38 or MRC-5 human
      lung fibroblasts plus primary rhesus monkey kidney (RhMK) and HEp-2 cell cultures
      yielded maximal isolation of respiratory syncytial virus. Cytopathic effects
      (CPE) developed earliest in RhMK cells and slowest in the human fibroblast lines.
      In RhMK cells, 50% of ultimately positive cultures showed CPE in 5 days, and 90%
      of positive cultures showed CPE within 7 days during both respiratory syncytial
      virus seasons.

PMID- 3700635
TI  - Septicemia caused by the gram-negative bacterium CDC IV c-2 in an
      immunocompromised human.
AB  - A 37-year-old man with plasma cell leukemia developed nonfatal septicemia caused
      by the gram-negative bacterium CDC IV c-2. Recovery followed appropriate
      treatment with antibiotics. The biochemical features of this organism are
      reviewed.

PMID- 3700636
TI  - American Electroencephalographic Society Guidelines in EEG, 1-7 (revised 1985).

PMID- 3700637
TI  - EEG and event-related potentials in aging and dementia.

PMID- 3700638
TI  - Joint appeal of the American Public Health Association and the USSR Medical
      Workers Union to General Secretary Gorbachev of the Communist Party of the Soviet
      Union and President Reagan of the United States.

PMID- 3700639
TI  - Background paper on universal maternity care. Council on Maternal and Child
      Health, National Association for Public Health Policy.

PMID- 3700640
TI  - The role of statistics in state health policy decisions: the Massachusetts
      experience.

PMID- 3700641
TI  - Impact of cutbacks: alternative futures in public health nursing.

PMID- 3700642
TI  - Toxic chemical information systems and right-to-know.

PMID- 3700643
TI  - Genetic testing and exclusionary practices in the workplace.

PMID- 3700644
TI  - Re-thinking rural mental health services for children and adolescents.

PMID- 3700645
TI  - Preventing the final epidemic: the role of the American Public Health Association
      and the International Epidemiological Association.

PMID- 3700646
TI  - The transformation of alcohol treatment: access to care and the response to
      drinking-driving.

PMID- 3700647
TI  - The 1984-85 Australian doctors' dispute.

PMID- 3700648
TI  - Stimulation of cholesteryl ester synthesis in mouse peritoneal macrophages by
      cholesterol-rich very low density lipoproteins from the Watanabe heritable
      hyperlipidemic rabbit, an animal model of familial hypercholesterolemia.
AB  - Cholesterol-rich very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) from the homozygous
      Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbit induced marked cholesteryl ester
      accumulation in mouse peritoneal macrophages. This WHHL rabbit, an animal model
      of human familial hypercholesterolemia, has severe hypercholesterolemia,
      cutaneous xanthomas, and fulminant atherosclerosis due to the deficiency of the
      low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor. When incubated with mouse peritoneal
      macrophages, the VLDL from WHHL rabbit (WHHL-VLDL) stimulated cholesteryl
      [14C]oleate synthesis 124-fold more than did VLDL from the normal Japanese White
      rabbit (control-VLDL). The enhancement in cholesteryl ester synthesis and
      accumulation of WHHL-VLDL was due to the presence of a high affinity binding
      receptor site on the macrophage cell surface that mediated the uptake and
      lysosomal degradation of WHHL-VLDL. Competition studies showed that the uptake
      and degradation of 125I-WHHL-VLDL was inhibited by unlabeled excess WHHL-VLDL and
      beta-migrating VLDL (beta-VLDL), but not LDL. Furthermore, the degradation of
      WHHL-VLDL was not blocked by either fucoidin, polyinosinic acid, or polyguanylic
      acid, potent inhibitors of the acetylated (acetyl)-LDL binding site, or by acetyl
      LDL. These results suggest that macrophages possess a high affinity receptor that
      recognizes the cholesterol-rich VLDL present in the plasma of the WHHL rabbit and
      that the receptor which mediates ingestion of WHHL-VLDL seems to be the same as
      that for beta-VLDL and leads to cholesteryl ester deposition within macrophages.
      Thus the uptake of the cholesterol-rich VLDL from the WHHL rabbit by macrophages
      in vivo may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in the
      WHHL rabbit.

PMID- 3700649
TI  - Kinetic constants for receptor-dependent and receptor-independent low density
      lipoprotein transport in the tissues of the rat and hamster.
AB  - In this study, carried out in the rat and hamster, the receptor-dependent low
      density lipoprotein (LDL) transport process in each organ was characterized in
      terms of its maximal uptake rate (Jm) and Michaelis constant (Km), while the rate
      of receptor-independent uptake was defined in terms of its proportionality
      constant (P). The highest Jm values of 50-126 micrograms/h per g were found in
      the liver and endocrine glands in both species and receptor-dependent uptake also
      was detected in other organs like spleen, kidney, and intestine. The Km values
      were essentially the same in all of the organs and equaled approximately 90 mg/dl
      in both species. The receptor-independent uptake constants also were similar in
      the two species and were highest in the spleen, liver, and intestine. From these
      values for Jm, Km, and P, it was possible to construct theoretical curves that
      predict the plasma LDL-cholesterol concentration and fractional catabolic rate
      given any alteration in LDL-cholesterol production or the magnitude of receptor
      dependent LDL transport in any organ of the rat or hamster.

PMID- 3700650
TI  - Protein-bound homocyst(e)ine. A possible risk factor for coronary artery disease.
AB  - The development of atherosclerotic changes and thromboembolism are common
      features in homocystinurics. Hence, we postulate a positive correlation between
      the level of homocyst(e)ine in the blood and the occurrence of coronary artery
      disease. Homocysteine is found either as free homocystine, cysteine-homocysteine
      mixed disulfide, or protein-bound homocyst(e)ine. In nonhomocystinuric subjects,
      most homocysteine molecules are detectable in the protein-bound form. Thus,
      protein-bound homocyst(e)ine in stored plasma which reflected total plasma
      homocyst(e)ine was determined in 241 patients with coronary artery disease (173
      males and 68 females). The mean +/- SD total plasma homocyst(e)ine was 5.41 +/-
      1.62 nmol/ml in male patients, 4.37 +/- 1.09 nmol/ml in male controls, 5.66 +/-
      1.93 nmol/ml in female patients, and 4.16 +/- 1.62 nmol/ml in female controls.
      The differences between the patients with coronary artery disease and the
      controls were statistically significant (P less than 0.0005).

PMID- 3700651
TI  - Rates of bone loss in the appendicular and axial skeletons of women. Evidence of
      substantial vertebral bone loss before menopause.
AB  - We made longitudinal measurements of bone mineral density (BMD) in 139 normal
      women (ages 20-88 yr) at midradius (99% cortical bone) and lumbar spine
      (approximately 70% trabecular bone) by single- and dual-photon absorptiometry.
      BMD was measured 2-6 (median, 3) times over an interval of 0.8-3.4 yr (median,
      2.1 yr). For midradius, BMD did not change (+0.48%/yr, NS) before menopause but
      decreased (-1.01%/yr, P less than 0.001) after menopause. For lumbar spine, there
      was significant bone loss both before (-1.32%/yr, P less than 0.001) and after (
      0.97%/yr, P = 0.006) menopause; these rates did not differ significantly from
      each other. Our data show that before menopause little, if any, bone is lost from
      the appendicular skeleton but substantial amounts are lost from the axial
      skeleton. Thus, factors in addition to estrogen deficiency must contribute to
      pathogenesis of involutional osteoporosis in women because about half of overall
      vertebral bone loss occurs premenopausally.

PMID- 3700652
TI  - Kinetics of gentamicin uptake and release in the rat. Comparison of inner ear
      tissues and fluids with other organs.
AB  - The kinetics of entry and release of gentamicin was investigated in fluids and
      tissues of the inner ear of the rat, as well as in renal cortex, and in organs
      that do not share susceptibility to the toxic effects of aminoglycosides. Various
      modes of administration were used to achieve different patterns of drug plasma
      concentrations. Electrophysiological and histological examinations were performed
      to correlate pharmacokinetics and ototoxicity. Results show that: the uptake of
      the drug by the inner ear tissues is dose dependent and manifests a rapid
      saturation kinetics with a concentration plateau of about 1 micrograms/mg of
      protein. The low ratio of the perilymph and endolymph to plasma concentrations
      argues against the concept of an accumulation of the drug in the inner ear over
      drug levels in plasma, which has been considered as the basic mechanism of
      ototoxicity. In renal cortex, the kinetics appears similar to that of the inner
      ear but the concentrations achieved are 10-fold higher than in cochlear tissues.
      In other organs (liver, heart, lung, and spleen), no saturation could be
      demonstrated within the duration of the experiment. Ototoxicity seems to be
      related to the penetration of the drug into compartment(s) from which the half
      life of disappearance is extremely slow. Rapid uptake, early saturation, and long
      exposure of the tissues to the drug may account for the development of toxicity
      in inner ear and kidney.

PMID- 3700653
TI  - Inhibition by lithium of the hydroosmotic action of vasopressin in the isolated
      perfused cortical collecting tubule of the rabbit.
AB  - Because treatment with lithium salts may impair renal concentrating ability, we
      investigated the possibility of a direct effect of lithium ions on the
      permeability to water of the collecting duct epithelium. The coefficient of
      hydraulic conductivity (Lp) of isolated perfused rabbit cortical collecting
      tubules (CCT) was measured in the presence and absence of arginine-8-vasopressin
      (AVP), or 8-bromo (Br) cyclic AMP (cAMP) and/or lithium chloride (Li 10 mM). In
      the absence of AVP, Li in the lumen for 30 min failed to affect basal water
      permeability; however, in tubules preincubated with Li in the lumen for 80 min,
      basal water permeability was reduced to 30% of the value found in control tubules
      (P less than 0.01). In CCT incubated at 25 degrees C with Li in the lumen for 3
      h, the hydroosmotic response to 2.5 microU X ml-1 AVP (Lp = 6.88 +/- 1.54 nl X cm
      2 X s-1 X atm-1) was significantly lower than that in the control tubules (13.98
      +/- 1.59, P less than 0.01); the inhibition was not reversible. When Li was
      present in the peritubular medium only, the hydroosmotic effect of AVP was not
      different from that of the controls. The hydroosmotic effect of 25 microU/ml AVP
      was investigated at 37 degrees C. CCT exposed to Li in the lumen had a 49%
      inhibition of peak Lp under AVP (Lp = 10.98 +/- 1.17) as compared with control
      tubules (Lp = 21.39 +/- 1.51; P less than 0.005). In contrast, the hydroosmotic
      response to 8-Br-cAMP was not affected by lithium. The results are compatible
      with the view that Li inhibits the action of AVP at the level of the regulating
      protein or the catalytic unit of the membrane adenylate cyclase and that the site
      of the interaction can be reached by lithium only from the cytoplasmic side. The
      Li-antidiuretic hormone (ADH) interaction found here may represent the earliest
      pathophysiological event underlying the renal concentrating defect observed after
      Li administration.

PMID- 3700654
TI  - Acute alveolar hypoxia increases bronchopulmonary shunt flow in the dog.
AB  - To study the effects of alveolar hypoxia on canine bronchopulmonary shunt flow, a
      biventricular bypass preparation was employed. The preparation allowed a constant
      and sensitive measure of changes in pulmonary venous blood flow. In 16 of 18 dogs
      with intact bronchial arteries, alveolar hypoxia caused an increase in pulmonary
      venous return both under conditions of constant pulmonary arterial inflow and
      under conditions of no pulmonary arterial inflow, suggesting bronchopulmonary
      shunting. This effect was accompanied by systemic vasodilation despite vagotomy
      and ganglionic blockade, and was abolished by division of all bronchial vessels.
      Ibuprofen, 3 mg/kg, and indomethacin, 15 mg/kg, in dogs with intact bronchial
      vessels, abolished both the increase in pulmonary venous return and the systemic
      vasodilatation caused by hypoxia. Thus, alveolar hypoxia directly augments
      bronchopulmonary flow, most likely through release of one or more vasodilating
      prostaglandins.

PMID- 3700656
TI  - Cognitive development in preterm infants: birth to 8 years.
AB  - This report summarizes the outcome at age 8 of a group of preterm infants
      followed intensively from birth. The study was designed primarily to follow the
      processes of interaction between biological and environmental factors in
      determining the childhood outcome of infants born preterm rather than to report
      the incidence of particular types of outcomes for special subgroups of infants. A
      high percentage of the children were performing within the normal range. Social
      factors played a major role in determining the outcome regardless of neonatal
      complications. Functional assessment of newborn visual attention and sleep
      organization showed a modest relation to outcome. A subgroup of preterm infants
      from Spanish-speaking families, for cultural and language integration reasons,
      followed a somewhat different course from infancy to childhood outcome than did
      the group from English-speaking families. The results suggest that in
      longitudinal studies of preterm infants, different cultural and language groups
      should be analyzed separately so that one may understand the developmental
      processes and outcomes.

PMID- 3700655
TI  - Assay of methylmalonic acid in the serum of patients with cobalamin deficiency
      using capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
AB  - To determine the incidence of elevated levels of serum methylmalonic acid in
      patients with cobalamin deficiency, we utilized a new capillary gas
      chromatographic-mass spectrometric technique to measure methylmalonic acid in the
      serum of 73 patients with clinically confirmed cobalamin deficiency. Values
      ranged from 55 to 22,300 ng/ml, and 69 of the 73 patients had values above the
      normal range of 19-76 ng/ml as determined for 50 normal blood donors. In the
      cobalamin-deficient patients, serum methylmalonic acid was significantly
      correlated with the serum folate level and the degree of neurologic involvement.
      Some patients with pernicious anemia who were intermittently treated with
      cyanocobalamin were found to have elevated serum levels of methylmalonic acid
      while free of hematologic and neurologic abnormalities. A cobalamin-deficient
      patient is described with a normal serum cobalamin and an elevated serum
      methylmalonic acid. We conclude that the ability to measure methylmalonic acid in
      human serum will be useful in studies designed to determine the incidence of
      cobalamin deficiency in various patient populations.

PMID- 3700657
TI  - Locus of control and self-esteem in children with encopresis.
AB  - Children with encopresis were compared to children with other "high prevalence
      low-severity" disorders on measures of locus of control and self-esteem. Children
      with encopresis tended to feel less in control of positive life events, had lower
      self-worth, and were more apt to want to change and be different than children
      with other chronic symptoms. Data tend to contradict traditional interpretations
      of encopresis as a system of unconscious motives involving independence and
      control. Also, this information adds to the clinical impression culled from
      experience that active intensive remediation is the appropriate clinical response
      when treating children with encopresis.

PMID- 3700658
TI  - Measuring difficult temperament in infancy.
AB  - Thirty-four couples rated their 6-month-old first-born infants' temperaments with
      Bates' Infant Characteristics Questionnaire (ICQ) and Carey's Infant Temperament
      Questionnaire (ITQ). Mothers and infants were videotaped in their homes during
      feedings on two consecutive days to assess mother and infant behavior. Results
      indicated that parents had moderate agreement about their own infant's
      temperament on the ICQ. There was little convergence between the ICQ and the ITQ
      measures of infant difficulty. ICQ parent-rated unpredictable infants were rated
      by observers as less responsive during the feedings. These results are discussed
      in the context of the meaning and measurement of infant temperament.

PMID- 3700659
TI  - Further thoughts on temperament.

PMID- 3700660
TI  - On "Reflections on caring for Indochinese children and youths".

PMID- 3700661
TI  - Amnesia or fugue state: a diagnostic dilemma.
AB  - We report the case of a 16-year-old boy whose presenting symptoms were total
      retrograde amnesia. After finding no evidence for organic causes, including toxic
      metabolic derangements, epilepsy, encephalitis, vasculitis, trauma, or CNS
      neoplasm, it was determined that the child experienced a psychogenic fugue state
      with a spontaneous recovery in memory over several days. Although rare, fugue
      state should be considered in the differential diagnosis of amnesia.

PMID- 3700662
TI  - Setting the referral process in motion: a case study with teaching objectives.
AB  - Pediatric collaboration with mental health professionals is necessary due to the
      high prevalence of behavioral and emotional disorders in this population.
      Clinicians frequently encounter parental resistance to acceptance and follow
      through on recommended mental health services. In addition, physicians may have
      difficulty recognizing and referring psychosocial problems due to inadequate
      training or experience. The case presented of a 10-year-old girl with enuresis
      illustrates the process of referring a patient with a behavioral problem from a
      general pediatrician to a mental health specialist. The behavioral pediatrician
      plays a critical role in providing linkage between medical and psychosocial care.

PMID- 3700663
TI  - A treatable language disorder: pharmacological treatment of pervasive
      developmental disorder.
AB  - Results of treatment of four patients are described. All of the patients had
      pervasive developmental disorder (PDD), a tic disorder, and a characteristic
      pattern of speech and language impairment. The patients were treated with
      haloperidol for their tic disorders, and concomitant with the reduction of the
      frequency and severity of tics was marked improvement in language. The patients
      averaged 3 months of language gain for each week of speech therapy directly after
      the initiation of haloperidol treatment for tics. Progress in speech and language
      therapy was extremely slow during the years prior to treatment with haloperidol.
      To the authors' knowledge, no language disorder has been described in the
      literature which shows such a predictable and marked response to pharmacological
      treatment. The authors hypothesize that tic disorders in individuals with PDD may
      be a marker for a more positive response to dopamine antagonists like
      haloperidol.

PMID- 3700664
TI  - Visibility of handicap, self-concept, and social maturity among young adult
      survivors of end-stage renal disease.
AB  - This study examined the relationship between visibility of handicap and both self
      image and social maturity in young adult survivors of end-stage renal disease.
      Ratings of visibility of handicap, social maturity, and a self-report measure of
      self-image were obtained through interviews with 31 patients. Results showed that
      visibility was inversely correlated with identity stability (p less than 0.05),
      social maturity (p less than 0.025), and self-esteem (p greater than 0.10), while
      jointly controlling for patients' age and years since last transplant. Although
      patients with visible handicaps remain at risk for maladjustment, many developed
      positive coping strategies in order to face the developmental challenges of
      adulthood.

PMID- 3700665
TI  - Social skills and irrational beliefs: a preliminary report.
AB  - Recent studies have suggested that irrational beliefs, as measured by the
      Irrational Beliefs Test (IBT), may contribute to social skills deficits. However,
      studies evaluating the correspondence between irrational beliefs and behavioral
      indices of social skills and social anxiety have yet to be reported. IBT data
      obtained from social skill deficit patient populations also have yet to appear in
      the literature. The present study addresses these issues by presenting IBT data
      obtained from a sample of 63 psychiatric patients referred for assessment of
      social skills deficits and evaluating the relationship of these data and
      patients' performance on a standardized behavioral measure of social skills and
      social anxiety, the Simulated Social Interaction Test (SSIT); and, presenting a
      comparison between IBT subscale scores obtained from the psychiatric sample and
      those obtained from a large (n = 897) student sample. A weak relationship was
      found between two IBT subscales and the SSIT. A mean level difference between
      patients' performance and student norms was also found on four subscales of the
      IBT. Implications for further assessment and treatment research with the IBT,
      social anxiety and social skills are discussed.

PMID- 3700666
TI  - Family-member involvement to initiate and promote treatment of problem drinkers.
AB  - The present study evaluated a method of teaching distressed family members of
      problem drinkers how to minimize their own distress, reduce the drinking,
      increase the motivation of the alcoholic to obtain formal treatment and assist in
      the treatment program. Twelve concerned family members were given either
      community-reinforcement counseling or a traditional type of counseling (control
      group). The reinforcement counseling resulted in more alcoholic persons obtaining
      treatment than did the traditional type and a greater reduction in drinking
      before the formal treatment was obtained; drinking was reduced further during the
      joint treatment of the family members and problem drinkers. These results suggest
      that the drinking of unmotivated alcoholic persons can be reduced by counseling
      concerned family members in the use of appropriate reinforcement procedures and
      can lead to the initiation of formal treatment.

PMID- 3700667
TI  - Assertiveness training in the treatment of a child's tics.
AB  - Tic activity has long been an area for clinical intervention by behavior
      therapists. Most techniques have involved approaches that require direct focusing
      on the tic itself (e.g. habit reversal). For some people, however, such a direct
      focus may not be clinically appropriate. This article describes a child who, in
      addition to suffering from tics, was also extremely unassertive. It was observed
      that unassertive behavior often preceded tic activity. Assertiveness training
      provided the child with a self-control technique with which he was able to
      control and eventually eliminate his tic activity.

PMID- 3700668
TI  - The treatment of severe insomnia in a cancer patient.
AB  - A 27-year-old man with severe insomnia secondary to cancer and chemotherapy was
      treated with a combination of somatic focusing and imagery training for five
      sessions. This led to a decrease in the latency of sleep onset and an increase in
      the duration of sleep which was maintained up to a 12-month follow-up. The
      utility of this treatment package is discussed with special reference to cancer
      patients.

PMID- 3700669
TI  - Client-therapist cooperation in the treatment of compulsive handwashing behavior.
AB  - While success rates with obsessive-compulsive disorders have improved greatly,
      debate continues regarding the effective components of behavioral intervention.
      The present study uses techniques of a jointly designed behavioral contract,
      active modeling and response discrimination and delay to treat compulsive
      handwashing. The number of handwashings and time spent at each washing was
      reduced and the time between handwashings was increased. Obsessive-compulsive
      clients may respond more successfully to techniques that emphasize self-control,
      self-definition of appropriateness and client participation in treatment
      planning.

PMID- 3700670
TI  - The use of education to reduce utilization of emergency health care services: a
      case illustration.
AB  - A case study is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of regular educational
      visits in reducing the over-utilization of emergency health care services.
      Frequent emergency room visits and help-seeking telephone calls were reduced
      substantially. The financial cost to the health system overall was reduced by
      50%.

PMID- 3700671
TI  - The reinforcement of calm sitting behavior: a method used to reduce the self
      injurious behavior of a profoundly retarded boy.
AB  - The frequency and intensity of a 14-year-old profoundly retarded male's self
      injurious behavior was significantly reduced by the reinforcement of calm sitting
      behavior. Social validation ratings confirmed the effectiveness of treatment, and
      showed that gains generalized across treatment and non-treatment settings and
      across people associated or not with treatment. Treatment gains were maintained
      at 6- and 12-month follow-ups.

PMID- 3700672
TI  - DNA content and the adenoma-carcinoma sequence in the colorectum.
AB  - DNA content was measured in 269 benign adenomas and 203 adenocarcinomas of the
      large bowel by flow cytometry. Nuclear suspensions were prepared by pepsin
      digestion of paraffin sections, and an adjacent section was graded histologically
      by one observer. Aneuploid adenomas included five of 134 (4%) showing mild
      dysplasia, 19 of 107 (18%) showing moderate dysplasia, and 10 of 28 (36%) showing
      severe dysplasia. The association between aneuploidy and grade of epithelial
      dysplasia was highly significant. This gives support to the adenoma (dysplasia)
      carcinoma hypothesis. Carcinomas showing aneuploidy included 18 of 29 (62%) well
      differentiated, 92 of 144 (64%) moderately differentiated, and 19 of 30 (63%)
      poorly differentiated cases. There was no relation between aneuploidy and grade
      of carcinoma. These findings indicate an important biological difference between
      adenoma and carcinoma.

PMID- 3700673
TI  - Value of mucin histochemistry in follow up surveillance of patients with long
      standing ulcerative colitis.
AB  - It has been suggested that diffuse changes in epithelial mucins may help to
      identify a subgroup of patients with ulcerative colitis who are at increased risk
      of developing colorectal cancer. Colonoscopic biopsy specimens were taken from 11
      colitic patients shortly before colectomies were performed, in which cancer was
      identified. These patients were matched to colitic patients without cancer for
      age, sex, and duration of disease. Sections were stained with high iron diamine
      and alcian blue (HID-AB), mild periodic acid Schiff, and for peanut lectin
      binding sugar sequences. The sections were assessed blindly and graded
      semiquantitatively. Most showed ulcerative colitis in remission or mild active
      disease. There were no differences between the study and control groups.
      Metaplastic foci were more common in the group who had cancer. These showed
      increased staining of mucus by mild periodic acid Schiff and increased binding by
      peanut lectin to the supranuclear (Golgi) zone. Epithelial dysplasia (detected in
      four of the patients with cancer showed focal intense binding by peanut lectin to
      cytoplasm, mucus, and glycocalyx. Although dysplasia differed histochemically
      from normal tissue, special techniques did not facilitate its diagnosis.

PMID- 3700674
TI  - Morphometric study of histological changes in sublabial salivary glands due to
      aging process.
AB  - The sublabial salivary glands were studied by morphometric methods in 68 healthy
      volunteers to establish possible changes related to age in those tissue
      components that are affected in Sjogren's syndrome and connective tissue diseases
      (and which might stimulate Sjogren's syndrome). There was an increase in the
      amount of connective tissue and intralobular ducts with age and a corresponding
      decrease in acinar tissue. During the aging process changes in the intralobular
      ducts occurred: the outer and inner diameters of these ducts and the thickness of
      the epithelium decreased, but the ratio of the outer and inner diameters of the
      ducts remained constant. The amount of diffuse lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate and
      the vascularity of the tissue remains constant with age. In 15 of the subjects,
      however, discrete lymphocytic foci were seen and in six of these more than one
      focus/4 mm2 of salivary tissue was found, which has been described as suggestive
      of Sjogren's syndrome. The volume percentage of lymphocytic foci is constant
      during the aging process. The histological features commonly used to diagnose
      Sjogren's syndrome may occur in normal people, and false positive diagnoses will
      occur if these criteria are rigidly adhered to. Morphometry may provide more
      reliable criteria for distinguishing changes induced by inflammation and related
      to age which occur in salivary tissue.

PMID- 3700675
TI  - Sarcoidosis of the breast.
AB  - Sarcoid granulomata were found incidentally in the mammary lobules adjacent to an
      excised fibroadenoma in a case of sarcoidosis of the breast. The diagnosis of
      sarcoidosis was established by the radiological finding of bilateral hilar
      lymphadenopathy, raised concentrations of serum angiotensin converting enzyme and
      lysozyme, and, finally, by a positive Kveim test.

PMID- 3700676
TI  - Latex agglutination method for IgA deficiency used for large scale screening of
      blood donor sera.

PMID- 3700677
TI  - Pseudomonas maltophilia.

PMID- 3700678
TI  - Lymphoid reaction in chlamydial endometritis.

PMID- 3700679
TI  - 111 Indium labelling of red cells: its clinical use in haemolytic anaemias.

PMID- 3700680
TI  - The Canadian drug regulatory process.

PMID- 3700681
TI  - Controversy I: Patients or healthy volunteers for pharmacokinetic studies?
AB  - Many factors should be considered when choosing an appropriate population for a
      pharmacokinetic trial. Although there are some generalities that apply to most
      studies, each investigation must be judged separately, since the relevant
      considerations will vary depending on the particular study, the nature of the
      drug, and the population that will receive it for therapeutic benefit. Some of
      the most important information that is generated from pharmacokinetic studies
      concerns the pharmacokinetic variability among patients and the factors that can
      influence this variability under the conditions that the drug will be used. This
      information can best be obtained from a combination of baseline studies to define
      the variability within the patient population(s) and comparative studies to
      determine the impact of specific variables on the disposition of the drug and its
      pharmacokinetic variability. These data can provide valuable information to the
      clinician that can be used to individualize drug dosage and optimize therapy as
      well as to identify populations who may be at high risk of therapeutic failure or
      drug toxicity. It is our feeling that baseline studies in patients are necessary
      for understanding the pharmacokinetics of a drug, whereas the objectives of most
      comparative studies can be achieved using healthy volunteers. For most
      comparative studies, the data obtained from healthy volunteers will reflect what
      will occur in patients, especially if the variable of interest is drug
      absorption. This is particularly important when practical and ethical
      considerations preclude the use of patients. When considering studies in the
      elderly, one must decide whether the variable of interest may be influenced by
      age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3700682
TI  - Rising multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of labetalol in hypertensive patients.
AB  - Labetalol, a drug possessing both alpha- and beta-adrenergic blocking activities,
      is used in the treatment of hypertension. The current study was undertaken to
      elucidate the steady-state pharmacokinetics of labetalol following a rising oral
      multiple-dosage regimen. Twelve patients received oral labetalol every 12 hours
      for 18 days. An initial dose of 100 mg was increased at three-day intervals to
      200, 300, 400, and 600 mg q12h. Selected blood samples were taken at various
      times following drug administration at each dose level and analyzed for labetalol
      levels by a specific high-performance liquid chromography assay. The
      pharmacokinetics of labetalol are best described by a two-compartment open model
      with first-order absorption. The half-lives of the absorption, distribution, and
      elimination phases are 0.6, 1.3, and 8.3 hours, respectively. The steady-state
      plasma drug concentrations are predictable from the pharmacokinetic data and are
      in good agreement with the observed values. Steady-state levels are reached by
      the third day at each dose level studied and increase proportionally with dose.

PMID- 3700683
TI  - Dose- and time-dependent binding and kinetics of pindolol in patients with
      congestive heart failure.
AB  - Dose- and time-dependent pharmacokinetics and plasma protein binding of pindolol
      were studied in patients with idiopathic cardiomyopathy who had mild to moderate
      congestive heart failure. The binding and plasma concentrations of pindolol at
      various times following the oral administration of single 5- and 10-mg doses and
      multiple 10-mg doses were determined. The binding of pindolol to plasma protein
      was time-dependent, increasing from 26% on the first day to 31% during the third
      day of treatment (P less than .05); this was probably due to increased alpha-1
      acid glycoprotein concentration. Analysis of the plasma concentration-time data
      indicated dose-independent pharmacokinetics. Pindolol pharmacokinetics were time
      dependent in one patient. Absorption and elimination half-lives ranged between
      0.05 to 0.6 and 1.6 to 7.2 hours, respectively.

PMID- 3700684
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of ranitidine in patients with renal failure.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of ranitidine were studied in ten patients with renal
      failure (creatinine clearance, 6-54 mL/min) after intravenous (IV) (50 mg) and
      oral doses (150 mg). After oral administration, peak plasma concentrations of 378
      808 ng/mL were obtained in two to six hours. Plasma concentrations declined very
      slowly and concentrations greater than 100 ng/mL were obtained for 16 to 20 hours
      after the dose. The elimination half-life following oral administration was 8.5
      +/- 2.8 hours (standard deviation [SD]), and the bioavailability of ranitidine
      was 43.3% +/- 10.5%. After IV administration, the elimination half-life, plasma
      clearance, renal clearance, and volume of distribution were 7.0 +/- 1.0 hours,
      170 +/- 38 mL/min, 36.0 +/- 25.0 mL/min, and 1.3 +/- 0.4 L/kg, respectively.
      About 20% of the IV dose and 9% of the oral dose were recovered unchanged in
      urine. There was a significant correlation between the renal clearance of
      ranitidine and creatinine clearance (r = .74, P less than .05) after IV
      administration. The elimination half-life in patients with renal insufficiency is
      about three times greater than that reported in the literature for healthy
      subjects. Similarly, the plasma clearance in these patients is about 20% of that
      reported in healthy subjects. The results indicate that ranitidine elimination is
      appreciably reduced in renal failure and that an adjustment of dose in patients
      with renal failure is warranted. A dose of 75 mg bid may be adequate in
      maintaining the therapeutic plasma concentrations that are required for adequate
      H2-blocking activity.

PMID- 3700685
TI  - Noninteraction of digoxin and nifedipine in cardiac patients.

PMID- 3700686
TI  - Generic equivalents: issues and concerns.
AB  - Critical questions remain concerning many issues involved in the identification
      of bioequivalent and therapeutically equivalent drugs. They need to be answered,
      and scientists and clinicians should address these issues, in concert with the
      FDA, as soon as possible.

PMID- 3700687
TI  - The basic concept: clearance.

PMID- 3700688
TI  - Bioanalytic considerations for pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutic studies.
AB  - The correct evaluation of pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutic data can only be
      achieved if accurate analytic data are obtained. The accuracy of analytic data
      depends on the criteria used to validate the method. Consequently, careful
      scrutiny of drug stability, assay sensitivity, selectivity, recovery, linearity,
      precision, and accuracy is necessary for the proper interpretation of data. The
      importance of method validation and its influence on pharmacokinetic and
      biopharmaceutic data evaluation and interpretation will be discussed.

PMID- 3700689
TI  - Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling of cibenzoline plasma concentrations
      and antiarrhythmic effect.
AB  - The plasma concentration and antiarrhythmic effect data following multiple,
      ascending oral doses of cibenzoline in four patients with frequent premature
      ventricular contractions (PVCs) were analyzed using pharmacokinetic and
      pharmacodynamic modeling. Three methods of data analysis were tested in the
      analysis of the large amount of arrhythmia frequency data gathered during the
      study: as total-data set, average-data set, and grouped-data set. We have shown
      that the antiarrhythmic effect profile of the drug could be characterized by
      average data when a large number of PVC measurements are involved. Using the
      average-data sets, the plasma concentration of the drug at steady state could be
      correlated to the antiarrhythmic response using pharmacokinetic and
      pharmacodynamic modeling.

PMID- 3700690
TI  - Labetalol in the treatment of essential hypertension: a single-blind dose ranging
      study.
AB  - The hypotensive efficacy of labetalol was evaluated in 29 patients with essential
      hypertension in a single-blind dose ranging study. After a two-week period of
      placebo treatment, labetalol was given in oral doses of 0.6 g/d, 0.8 g/d, and 0.8
      g/d combined with 25-50 mg/d of hydrochlorothiazide. Each regimen lasted four
      weeks. The decrease in blood pressure was dose dependent: 90% of patients showed
      a significant reduction in diastolic blood pressure and 75% showed a significant
      reduction in systolic blood pressure. In 69% of the patients, side effects of the
      drug were noted, and in five patients (17%), treatment was discontinued because
      of the side effects. Seven patients received labetalol intravenously before the
      oral treatment. Their heart rate and blood pressure reductions were similar to
      those found in patients only taking the medication orally. We conclude that
      labetalol is an efficient and safe antihypertensive agent in both oral and
      intravenous administration. However, the high incidence of side effects makes
      labetalol a drug of second choice in uncomplicated hypertensive patients.

PMID- 3700691
TI  - Inhibition of tolbutamide elimination by cimetidine but not ranitidine.
AB  - This study was designed to compare the effects of equivalent therapeutic doses of
      two H2 antagonists, cimetidine and ranitidine, on tolbutamide pharmacokinetics.
      Twelve healthy men were given a 1-g oral dose of tolbutamide on three occasions.
      Subjects were randomly assigned to three treatments in a crossover fashion:
      cimetidine 1,200 mg/d, ranitidine 300 mg/d, and placebo. Cimetidine significantly
      increased the tolbutamide area under the plasma concentration-time curve by 20%
      (range, -5% to 42%), increased the elimination half-life by 17%, and decreased
      the carboxytolbutamide:tolbutamide plasma ratio from 0.042 to 0.036. Ranitidine
      did not significantly alter tolbutamide pharmacokinetics.

PMID- 3700692
TI  - "Look-alikes" and generics.

PMID- 3700694
TI  - View from the Nation's Courts. Informed consent: how little is too little?

PMID- 3700693
TI  - Psychotropic medication and nonfatal cafe coronary.
AB  - Obstructive asphyxia, also known as cafe coronary, has been linked to both
      medicated and nonmedicated psychiatric patients. An 18-month prospective audit of
      choking patients was conducted in a psychiatric hospital. Based upon all
      medications received in the 5 days preceding the event, mean daily chlorpromazine
      and atropine equivalent dosages were also calculated for age, sex, and diagnosis
      matched controls based upon all medications received during their entire hospital
      stay. Paired t-tests showed no significant differences between choking patients
      and their matched controls except that greater mean daily chlorpromazine
      equivalents were present in the severe choking subgroup. Computation of log odds
      of choking risk increases with interaction of increased mean doses of each drug
      type and age, and also with interaction of increased chlorpromazine equivalents
      and increased atropine equivalents. Patients receiving high dosages of drug(s)
      with antidopaminergic or anticholinergic activity are at greater risk of choking
      and should be monitored closely.

PMID- 3700695
TI  - Atypical acute dystonia associated with trazodone treatment.

PMID- 3700696
TI  - Dissociation of depressive mood and vegetative symptoms during treatment with L
      tryptophan.

PMID- 3700697
TI  - The serotonin syndrome: case responsive to propranolol.

PMID- 3700698
TI  - Lithium-induced goiter and voice changes.

PMID- 3700699
TI  - Paradoxical response to nitrazepam in a patient with hypersomnia secondary to
      nocturnal myoclonus.

PMID- 3700700
TI  - Tardive dyskinesia-like disorder due to basal ganglia infarction.

PMID- 3700701
TI  - A difficult alprazolam withdrawal.

PMID- 3700702
TI  - The treatment of impulsive and aggressive behavior with nadolol.

PMID- 3700703
TI  - Relief from catatonic immobility can be maintained.

PMID- 3700704
TI  - Phenelzine in social phobia.
AB  - Phenelzine was administered to 11 patients meeting DSM-III criteria for social
      phobia in open clinical trials. Seven of 11 showed marked improvement, while the
      remaining four experienced moderate benefit. These findings, which require
      replication in controlled trials, suggest that in addition to other actions,
      phenelzine has a direct effect in reducing interpersonal hypersensitivity.

PMID- 3700705
TI  - An analysis of semantic relations between mild dysphasic and nondysphasic
      speakers.
AB  - The availability of different semantic relations between mild anomic dysphasic
      and nondysphasic subjects was investigated using a picture description task.
      Results of the analyses revealed statistically nonsignificant differences between
      the two groups for the variables of total utterances and mean length of
      utterances. Of the different cases examined, a significant difference between the
      two groups of subjects was revealed in their use of the "other" case relation
      category. Also, within the dysphasic group maximum verbal paraphasias occurred
      for the object case. Discussion of the obtained results relate the selective
      availability of specific cases to the possible differences in linguistic coding
      between the two groups. Also, the interrelationship between quantity of verbal
      output and incidence of verbal paraphasia is discussed.

PMID- 3700706
TI  - Tongue strength and alternate motion rates in normal and dysarthric subjects.
AB  - Tongue strength and alternate motion rates were measured in 50 normal subjects
      and in 18 subjects who had different neuropathologic types of dysarthria. The
      dysarthric subjects did not differ significantly from one another on any of the
      test measures. However, as a group they differed significantly from their normal
      counterparts in that they demonstrated weaker tongue strength, reduced and
      unsustained levels of maximum tongue strength effort, and slower alternate motion
      rates. Clinical implications are discussed.

PMID- 3700707
TI  - Markedness analysis of consonant error productions in apraxia of speech.
AB  - This study applied a markedness analysis of consonant error productions to three
      adult aphasic patients with apraxia of speech. Single consonants and initial
      consonant clusters were investigated, employing both naming tasks and spontaneous
      narrative tasks. Results showed that phonemes of lower complexity values tended
      to substitute for phonemes of higher complexity values more than the reverse, and
      successive attempts at self-correction tended to reveal a progression toward the
      target segment in terms of markedness complexity. Theoretical and clinical
      implications are discussed.

PMID- 3700708
TI  - Altered acoustic cue discrimination in Broca's and conduction aphasics.
AB  - The present investigation explored the acoustic cue discrimination abilities of
      eight Broca's and four conduction aphasic patients and nine normal controls. A
      word-discrimination test was used to assess the subjects' ability to discriminate
      selected acoustic cues for distinctive features of phonemes. The words differed
      from one another by a selected minimal feature, such as stop-gap duration,
      duration of fricative noise, direction and extent of final format transition, or
      relative location of friction noise in the spectrum. Results indicated that
      performance for normal and aphasic subjects was poorer for altered temporal
      subtest items than for altered spectral subtest items. Within the spectral
      subtest, fewer Broca's aphasics than conduction aphasics passed the items, while
      90% of the normals passed. Within the temporal subtest, fewer conduction aphasics
      than Broca's aphasics passed the items, while 75% of the normal subjects passed
      this subtest. The results support previous research suggesting that deficiencies
      in auditory processing of selected acoustic cues are not limited to Wernicke's
      aphasic individuals but may be found to a varying degree in several aphasic
      groups.

PMID- 3700709
TI  - Optic tectum of the eastern garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis. V. Morphology of
      brainstem afferents and general discussion.
AB  - Brainstem neurons that project to the optic tectum of the eastern garter snake
      were identified by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. The
      distribution and morphology of tectal afferent axons from the thalamus,
      pretectum, nucleus isthmi, and midbrain reticular formation were then studied by
      anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. Diencephalic projections to the
      tectum arise from the ventral lateral geniculate complex ipsilaterally and the
      ventrolateral nucleus, suprapeduncular nucleus, and nucleus of the ventral
      supraoptic decussation bilaterally. Three pretectal groups (the lentiform
      thalamic nucleus, the lentiform mesencephalic-pretectal complex and the
      geniculate pretectal nucleus) give rise to heavy, bilateral tectal projections.
      Small neurons in nucleus isthmi and large reticular neurons in nucleus lateralis
      profundus mesencephali also give rise to bilateral projections. Caudal to the
      tectum, projections arise bilaterally from the pontine and medullary tegmentum,
      nuclei of the lateral lemniscus, the posterior colliculus, and the sensory
      trigeminal nucleus. A small contralateral projection arises from the medial
      vestibular complex. Tectal afferents from the thalamus, pretectum, nucleus
      isthmi, and midbrain reticular formation had characteristic morphologies and
      laminar distributions within the tectum. However, these afferents fall into two
      groups based on their spatial organization. Afferents from the thalamus and
      nucleus isthmi arise from small neurons with spatially restricted, highly
      branched dendritic trees. Their axons terminate in single, highly branched and
      bouton-rich arbors about 100 micron in diameter. By contrast, afferents from the
      midbrain reticular formation and the pretectum arise from large neurons with
      long, radiate, and sparsely branched dendritic trees. Their axons course parallel
      to the tectal surface and emit numerous collateral branches that are distributed
      widely through the mediolateral and rostrocaudal extent of either the central or
      superficial gray layers. Each collateral bears several small, spatially disjunct
      clusters of boutons.

PMID- 3700710
TI  - Central connections of the lingual-tonsillar branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve
      and the superior laryngeal nerve in lamb.
AB  - Afferent and efferent central connections of the lingual-tonsillar branch of the
      glossopharyngeal nerve (LT-IX) and the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) in the lamb
      were traced with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) histochemistry. After entering the
      brainstem, most LT-IX and SLN afferent fibers turned caudally in the solitary
      tract (ST). Some afferent fibers of LT-IX terminated in the medial nucleus of the
      solitary tract slightly caudal to their level of entry. The remaining fibers
      projected to the dorsolateral, ventrolateral, and interstitial areas of the
      nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) at the level of the area postrema. Superior
      laryngeal nerve afferent fibers terminated extensively in the medial and ventral
      NST at levels near the rostral pole of the area postrema. Further caudal, near
      the level of obex, SLN afferent terminations were concentrated in the region
      ventrolateral to the ST and in the interstitial NST. The caudal extent of LT-IX
      and the rostral extent of SLN terminals projected to similar levels of the NST,
      but only a relatively small proportion of the total projections overlapped.
      Lingual-tonsillar and SLN fibers also coursed rostrally to terminate in the
      caudal pons within and medial to the dorsomedial principal sensory trigeminal
      nucleus. Other labeled afferent fibers traveled caudally in the dorsal spinal
      trigeminal tract to terminate in the dorsal two-thirds of the spinal trigeminal
      nucleus at the level of obex. Large numbers of labeled cells with fibers in the
      LT-IX or SLN were located in the ipsilateral rostral nucleus ambiguus and
      surrounding reticular formation. Fewer labeled cells were observed in the
      inferior salivatory nucleus following HRP application to either the LT-IX or SLN.
      The LT-IX and SLN projections to areas of the NST associated with upper airway
      functions, like swallowing and respiration, suggest an important role for these
      two nerves in the initiation and control of airway reflexes.

PMID- 3700711
TI  - Morphology and physiology of the brainstem nuclei controlling the electric organ
      discharge in mormyrid fish.
AB  - The motoneurons to the mormyrid electric organ are driven from the medullary
      relay nucleus. This nucleus is in turn innervated by an adjacent cell group,
      nucleus C. The goals of this study were to characterize the morphology and
      physiology of neurons in these two nuclei, and to test the hypothesis that
      nucleus C is the command nucleus responsible for initiating the electric organ
      discharge. Medullary relay neurons and nucleus C neurons were recorded
      intracellularly and labeled with horseradish peroxidase. Medullary relay neurons
      have a richly branched dendritic arborization, confined mainly to the nucleus
      itself, and somatosomatic, dendrosomatic, and presynaptic dendro-axonal gap
      junctions have been observed. Medullary relay neuron axons descend to the spinal
      cord without branching. Nucleus C dendrites extend far into the ventral reticular
      formation. Axons of nucleus C neurons have one branch that ramifies densely
      within the medullary relay nucleus, forming large club endings on the medullary
      relay neuron soma. Two additional branches project bilaterally toward the bulbar
      command associated nuclei. Both medullary relay neurons and nucleus C neurons
      fire a double action potential that precedes each electric organ discharge.
      Activity in nucleus C precedes that in the medullary relay nucleus by 100-300
      microseconds. Postsynaptic activity is recorded in nucleus C neurons but not in
      medullary relay neurons. Hyperpolarization of a single nucleus C neuron can lower
      the frequency of the electric organ discharge. Both morphological and
      physiological data indicate that nucleus C is an integrating center where the
      electric organ command is initiated.

PMID- 3700712
TI  - Plasticity in the olfactory cortex: age-dependent effects of deafferentation.
AB  - In order to assess the role of input-target interactions in the development of
      olfactory cortex, the primary afferent fibers from the olfactory bulb to the
      superficial part of layer I of the cortex (layer Ia) were removed in developing
      and mature rats. After survival periods that vary from a few days to 2-6 months,
      changes were assessed in (1) the radial thickness of layer I, (2) the laminar
      distribution of intracortical associational fibers, which normally terminate in a
      deep part of layer I (layer Ib), and (3) the distribution of glia in layer I. The
      findings indicate that the lamination of fibers within layer I is not
      intrinsically prespecified, but gradually becomes "set" during the first month
      after birth. If the fibers from the olfactory bulb are removed, the dendrites of
      cortical cells are capable of accepting inputs from other fiber systems,
      depending on the maturational state of the dendrites and the ingrowing axons.
      Development of the abnormal inputs is associated with relatively normal dendritic
      growth, whereas lack of adequate input results in dendritic atrophy. Thus, after
      neonatal bulb ablation, the intracortical fibers occupy both superficial and deep
      parts of layer I, and a normal synaptic density is established throughout the
      layer. Layer I also develops to nearly its normal adult thickness, although the
      high density of glia that normally characterizes layer Ia is not apparent. With
      bulb ablation at progressively older ages (from postnatal day (P-) 3 to 21), the
      cortical associational fibers show progressively less extension into the
      denervated layer Ia. Layer I continues to grow, but not to the same extent as
      after P-1 ablations. In these experiments the glia distribution resembles the
      pattern present at the time of denervation. After adult olfactory bulb ablation,
      the long intracortical fibers extend very little into layer Ia, which undergoes
      pronounced shrinkage and becomes filled with a high concentration of glia.
      However, partial reinnervation of layer Ia is accomplished by the proliferation
      of a normally sparse native fiber system, which has been identified only with the
      Timm method. These results are interpreted as evidence that the normal
      development of lamination of afferent fibers to the olfactory cortex depends on
      axodendritic interaction during development.

PMID- 3700713
TI  - Identification of distinct topographical distributions of lumbar sympathetic and
      sensory neurons projecting to end organs with different functions in the cat.
AB  - A comparison has been made between the lumbar sensory and sympathetic pre- and
      postganglionic neurons that project in the lumbar splanchnic nerves and those
      that project in the caudal lumbar sympathetic trunk of the cat. The neuron cell
      bodies have been labeled retrogradely with horseradish peroxidase applied to the
      central end of their cut axons near the inferior mesenteric ganglion on one side,
      and the results have been compared with those obtained after labeling the
      contralateral lumbar sympathetic trunk of the same animal (Janig and McLachlan,
      '86). The numbers, segmental distribution, location, and size of the labeled
      somata have been determined quantitatively. The data for individual animals
      confirm in every way those previously reported for separate experiments in
      different groups of animals. In addition, similar experiments were performed in
      which the neurons projecting in the white rami of either L4 or L5 were labeled.
      This procedure labeled populations of neurons that overlapped both splanchnic and
      paravertebral populations. Consideration of the spatial distributions and numbers
      of sensory and preganglionic neurons with destinations in somatic and visceral
      domains has enabled us to describe the different topography of these neuron
      populations with respect to function.

PMID- 3700714
TI  - Functional morphology of insect neuronal cell-surface/glial contacts: the
      trophospongium.
AB  - Ultrastructural studies were carried out on the surfaces of insect nerve cell
      bodies. Some of the neurons were identified, by using physiological criteria,
      before filling with dye. Their surface patterns were compared, to provide data
      needed for understanding dynamic relationships with glial cells, in the
      trophospongium. The data are also needed in connection with interpretation of
      electrical signals recorded from the somata and of their roles in integration and
      in learning and memory. The surfaces were found to be extremely complex and also
      varied, even for neurons of comparable size and function, as well as for
      different regions of the same neuron, suggesting that the surface is constantly
      changing as the neuron receives food and loses waste. There is a variety of
      cytoplasmic types of invagination of neuron somata by glial processes. The
      invaginations were classified into four easily recognized types: regular, chunky,
      filigree, and ridge (present only in axon hillock regions). Motor neurons also
      make reciprocal invaginations into the glial cells that surround them. Some of
      these extend for distances up to 40 microns from the surface. The effective
      surface area is increased, compared with that calculated for a smooth surface, as
      a result of the invaginations, by from as little as 5% for a small interneuron to
      as much as 12-fold for a large motor neuron. The axon hillock region of all types
      of neurons is heavily invaginated.

PMID- 3700715
TI  - Degeneration and regeneration of peripheral nerve in the rat trigeminal system.
      I. Identification and characterization of the multiple afferent innervation of
      the mystacial vibrissae.
AB  - Light and electron microscopic techniques were utilized to examine the sensory
      innervation of the rat mystacial vibrissa. Each vibrissa is innervated by a large
      nerve bundle that enters the hair below the level of the Ringwulst and a smaller
      bundle (conus nerve) that pierces the capsule at the top of the hair. The main
      nerve bundle innervates four types of sensory receptors: (1) free nerve endings
      (FNEs), (2) lanceolate receptors in the connective tissue below the Ringwulst,
      (3) Merkel cell-neurite complexes in the outer root sheath, and (4) lanceolate
      receptors in the intermediary zone. The smaller nerve bundle innervates the area
      of the sinus hair referred to as the conical body and supplies (1) a Ruffini
      corpuscle, (2) FNEs, and (3) lanceolate receptors in the inner conical body. The
      Ruffini complex of the inner conical body and the FNEs of the dense connective
      tissue below the Ringwulst have not been identified in previous morphological
      studies of the rat sinus hair. The Ruffini corpuscle, characterized by the
      compartmentalization of collagen bundles by Schwann cells and fibroblasts (septal
      cells), encircles the hair shaft in a manner analogous to the Ruffini complexes
      of nonsinus hairs. Identification of this receptor in the rat vibrissa provides
      an anatomic explanation for physiological recordings of mystacial primary
      afferents with slowly adapting type II properties in the rat.

PMID- 3700716
TI  - Age-dependent cell death in the olfactory cortex: lack of transneuronal
      degeneration in neonates.
AB  - Adult olfactory cortical neurons in layer IIa undergo fulminant transneuronal
      degeneration after removal of afferent olfactory bulb fibers (Price, '76,
      Neurosci Abst. 2:161; Heimer and Kalil, '78, J. Comp. Neurol. 178:559-609). This
      provides an unusual example of dependence of a mature population of neurons on
      axonal input. In order to investigate whether similar transneuronal degeneration
      occurs in immature animals, a series of rats were subjected to unilateral
      olfactory bulb removal at various ages during the first 3 postnatal weeks. The
      brains were examined for degeneration after short survivals by use of the de
      Olmos cupric silver method, which selectively stains degenerating neurons. In
      addition, animals with long survivals were examined with the HRP retrograde
      tracing method, in order to determine if cells that survive the acute effects of
      deafferentation develop normal patterns of connections. Young neurons are more
      resistant to the effects of olfactory bulb removal than more mature neurons.
      There was little degeneration of cortical neurons after bulb ablation during the
      first 2 postnatal weeks. Although layer IIa does not become distinct from layer
      IIb in these experimental animals, cells that have connections normally
      characteristic of the cells of layer IIa, and are situated at the superficial
      edge of layer II, were identified with the HRP method. The severity of
      transneuronal degeneration increases and becomes adultlike between the second and
      third postnatal weeks. This increase in transneuronal degeneration is temporally
      associated with a progressive reduction in axonal sprouting following
      deafferentation during the first 3 postnatal weeks, as described in the companion
      paper (Friedman and Price, '86). Thus, axon sprouting may "protect" the immature
      IIa neurons from the effects of removal of the fibers from the olfactory bulb. A
      period of normal cell death has also been identified in olfactory cortex by the
      use of the de Olmos cupric silver method. This cellular degeneration is much less
      severe and has a different time course and laminar distribution than the
      transneuronal degeneration produced by olfactory bulb ablation in adults.
      Although normal cell death appears to be potentiated by removal of the olfactory
      bulb on postnatal day 1, it is clearly a different process from the transneuronal
      reaction.

PMID- 3700717
TI  - Growth cones, dying axons, and developmental fluctuations in the fiber population
      of the cat's optic nerve.
AB  - We have studied the rise and fall in the number of axons in the optic nerve of
      fetal and neonatal cats in relation to changes in the ultrastructure of fibers,
      and in particular, to the characteristics and spatiotemporal distribution of
      growth cones and necrotic axons. Axons of retinal ganglion cells start to grow
      through the optic nerve on the 19th day of embryonic development (E-19). As early
      as E-23 there are 8,000 fibers in the nerve close to the eye. Fibers are added to
      the nerve at a rate of approximately 50,000 per day from E-28 until E-39--the age
      at which the peak population of 600,000-700,000 axons is reached. Thereafter, the
      number decreases rapidly: About 400,000 axons are lost between E-39 and E-53. In
      contrast, from E-56 until the second week after birth the number of axons
      decreases at a slow rate. Even as late as postnatal day 12 (P-12) the nerve
      contains an excess of up to 100,000 fibers. The final number of fibers--140,000
      165,000--is reached by the sixth week after birth. Growth cones of retinal
      ganglion cells are present in the optic nerve from E-19 until E-39. At E-19 and E
      23 they have comparatively simple shapes but in older fetuses they are larger and
      their shapes are more elaborate. As early as E-28 many growth cones have
      lamellipodia that extend outward from the core region as far as 10 microns. These
      sheetlike processes are insinuated between bundles of axons and commonly contact
      10 to 20 neighboring fibers in single transverse sections. At E-28 growth cones
      make up 2.0% of the fiber population; at E-33 they make up about 1.0%; from E-36
      to E-39 they make up only 0.3% of the population. Virtually none are present in
      the midorbital part of the nerve on or after E-44. At all ages growth cones are
      more common at the periphery of the nerve than at its center. This central-to
      peripheral gradient increases with age: at E-28 the density of growth cones is
      two times greater at the edge than at the center but by E-39 the density is four
      to five times greater. Necrotic fibers are observed as early as E-28 in all parts
      of the nerve. Their axoplasm is dark and mottled and often contains dense
      vesiculated structures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3700718
TI  - The pattern of spinal and medullary projections from a cutaneous nerve and a
      muscle nerve of the forelimb of the cat: a study using the transganglionic
      transport of HRP.
AB  - The transport of HRP into the spinal cord and medulla in the cat has been
      examined from a forelimb cutaneous nerve, the lateral superficial radial nerve
      (LSR), and from the muscle nerves supplying both heads of the forelimb muscle,
      extensor carpi radialis (ECR). HRP transported by the LSR was widely distributed
      in the spinal cord throughout laminae I-IV in the vicinity of the root entry zone
      and from spinal segments T1 to C5. HRP was also transported from the LSR to the
      medulla where there was intense patchy, discontinuous labelling in the main
      cuneate nucleus. The pattern of labelling in the cuneate nucleus did not follow
      any simple somatotopic plan. Exposure of the muscle nerve to HRP led to labelling
      in the spinal dorsal horn in lamina I, in the deep dorsal horn on the lamina V/VI
      border, and in lateral and medial lamina VI at sites that contain cells of origin
      of spinocerebellar tracts. The medial lamina VI label was contiguous with a
      deposit that extended medially to the central canal. The label in lateral lamina
      VI was patchy and formed a discontinuous column from T1 to C5. HRP transported by
      the muscle nerve also produced label in the more ventral regions of the cuneate
      nucleus where it had a lacy appearance, in part due to its extensive distribution
      around dendrites. A relatively dense, patchy, and discontinuous deposit of
      reaction product was also present in the external cuneate nucleus after muscle
      nerve exposure. This deposit was most intense on the dorsomedial surface of this
      nucleus, but another, less intense, deposit was also present ventrally.

PMID- 3700719
TI  - Glial cells of an insect ganglion.
AB  - The rapid development of the study of insect neurobiology, which is currently
      occurring principally because individual neurons can be re-identified and because
      their activities can be recorded in situ and related to behavior, is generating a
      demand for more knowledge concerning insect glial cells and their functional
      relationships with neurons. This study examines the ultrastructure of glial cells
      in locust metathoracic ganglia in relation to general locale within the ganglion
      and also to specific identified neurons and neuron types. Seven major types of
      glial cell form are recognized, with subdivisions, requiring a new scheme for
      classification. Glial invaginations into neurons are of four different kinds:
      regular, chunky, filigree, and ridge (found only at axon hillocks). They also
      range from only intrusive to fully reciprocal. In addition, some neurons make
      projections of various lengths into surrounding glia and between neighboring
      neuron somata, and some glia make long, branched projections into other glial
      cells. The differences show that insect glial cells develop highly specific
      functional specializations; they may not be interchangeable. The complexity and
      intimacy of relationships of glia with neurons suggest that some glial cells may
      have roles other than that of nursemaids, possibly in modulation of behavior
      determining neural activity, and in learning and other adaptive acts.

PMID- 3700720
TI  - Distribution of GABA-like immunoreactivity in the brain of the honeybee.
AB  - The distribution of GABA-like immunoreactivity in the brain of the honeybee was
      investigated with antisera generated against GABA protein conjugates. The binding
      of the antisera in paraffin serial sections was studied with the peroxidase
      antiperoxidase method. GABA-like immunoreactive fibers appeared in all main
      neuropile areas. The staining of the optic lobes showed pronounced
      stratification. The receptor cells of compound eyes, ocelli, and antennae were
      not labelled. Several prominent fiber tracts showed GABA-like immunoreactivity,
      whereas other tracts were devoid of staining. There are no major immunoreactive
      commissures linking the two brain hemispheres with the exception of small
      commissures that bridge short distances between the beta-lobes and the antennal
      lobes. Several fibers in the cervical connective were also labelled; some of
      those may descend from the suboesophageal ganglion to the thoracic ganglia. The
      dense reactivity seen in the optic and antennal neuropiles implies that GABA is
      more important in mediating local rather than more distant neural interactions.

PMID- 3700721
TI  - Fine structure of the optic fiber termination layer in the tectum of the teleost
      Rutilus: a stereological and morphometric study.
AB  - The stratum fibrosum et griseum superficiale (SFGS) of the Rutilus optic tectum,
      which receives a massive fiber projection from the contralateral retina, was
      studied by electron microscopy. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the
      laterodorsal (LD) portion of the stratum involved both a stereological
      examination of the different elements and a morphometric study of the various
      profiles containing synaptic vesicles (PCSVs). The relative volume of each
      element in the LD SFGS was as follows: myelinated and unmyelinated axons, 6.6%;
      PCSVs, 38%; dendrites without vesicles, spines, and cell bodies, 41.7%; glia,
      10.5%. With the fixation employed, 35% of PCSVs showed spheroidal synaptic
      vesicles. These profiles could be subdivided into three types: (1) S1 (23.5%)
      represented optic terminals, since they degenerated after retinal ablation or
      were labeled after intraocular injection of HRP or [3H] proline. Three subgroups
      of S1 were identified: S1m--profiles containing clear mitochondria;S1c--profiles
      that were contiguous with S1m and lacked mitochondria;S1i--isolated profiles
      without mitochondria. (2) S2 (9.3%) were characterized mainly by their dark
      mitochondria. (3) S3 (2.2%) corresponded to small nonvisual terminals that were
      isolated and lacked mitochondria. The PCSVs with pleiomorphic synaptic vesicles
      (65%) were subdivided into three groups: P1 (38%), P2 (19%), and P3 (8%). P1 and
      P2 were axonal in nature; P2 could be distinguished from P1 by a greater density
      of synaptic vesicles. P3 was of dendritic origin. Analysis of synaptic patterns
      revealed a small number of serial synapses. The presynaptic elements were optic
      boutons, whereas the intermediate profiles were dendrites with synaptic vesicles
      (P3). Results are compared with ultrastructural data obtained in the superficial
      tectal layers of other teleosts and other vertebrate groups.

PMID- 3700722
TI  - Postnatal changes in arborization patterns of murine retinocollicular axons.
AB  - The growth and arborization of murine retinocollicular axons have been studied by
      means of HRP axon filling during postnatal development. Transformations in
      arborization patterns have been correlated with changes in synaptic density in
      the superficial collicular neuropil and with the formation of synapses by HRP
      filled axons. At all postnatal ages axons of the optic projection are
      fasciculated and most follow a rostrocaudally aligned path. On the day of birth
      the axons course through both stratum griseum superficiale (SGS) and stratum
      opticum (SO); during the following 4 days the axon trunks disappear from SGS and
      are subsequently found only in SO. From postnatal day (P) 0 to P3, the majority
      continue far caudally in the colliculus, giving rise to small ascending
      collaterals at multiple points along their course. Ultimately, usually by P3, one
      or two collaterals begin to branch profusely and by P5 the majority of axons give
      rise to a focal terminal ascending arborization. The general configuration of
      most arborizations at P3 approximates that of the mature axon. However, the
      richness of terminal branching increases from P3 through the first 2 postnatal
      weeks. Synaptic density is relatively low in the first postnatal week, and no
      synapses involving HRP-filled optic axons were identified in this interval.
      Subsequently, after elaboration of definitive arbors has begun, synaptogenesis in
      the surrounding neuropil accelerates. Synaptic density in the upper SGS
      approximates adult values early in the third postnatal week. By this time
      synaptic junctions involving the terminal arborizations of optic axons are
      abundant.

PMID- 3700724
TI  - Timing and positioning of reopening of the occluded spinal neurocele in the chick
      embryo.
AB  - Occlusion and reopening of the spinal neurocele are important morphogenetic
      events occurring during rapid brain enlargement in amphibians, birds, and
      mammals. The purpose of the present study, a companion to a previous one on
      occlusion, is to examine reopening. We determined when reopening occurred and at
      what frequency, whether it occurred suddenly or gradually, the extents of the
      neurocele that were patent at particular stages of reopening, and the
      morphological pattern of reopening. Reopening begins at stages 14+ to 15 and is
      virtually complete at stages 16-17. Thus, reopening of the spinal neurocele
      occurs suddenly and occlusion is a relatively short-lived developmental event.
      Because rapid brain enlargement still occurs after reopening, occlusion probably
      functions principally in the initial phases of enlargement prior to closure of
      the posterior neuropore. Further studies on the mechanisms of occlusion and
      reopening are under way.

PMID- 3700723
TI  - A light and electron microscopic analysis of the mossy fibers of the rat dentate
      gyrus.
AB  - The axon collaterals of dentate granule cells have been analyzed with the aid of
      a computerized microscope, following intracellular injections of horseradish
      peroxidase in hippocampal slice preparations. The axon of each granule cell gives
      rise to approximately seven primary collaterals; these collaterals usually divide
      into secondary and tertiary branches, which form an extensive plexus within the
      hilar region of the dentate gyrus. Individual axon collaterals vary greatly in
      length, but most have been found to be between 100 and 300 microns long. On
      average, the summed lengths of the collaterals (exclusive of the parent mossy
      fiber) are approximately 2,300 microns. Except for an occasional collateral that
      is given off by a mossy fiber in the proximal part of field CA3 of the
      hippocampus, the collaterals of the granule cell axons are confined to the hilar
      region; they are rarely seen in the granule cell layer itself and have never been
      observed in the molecular layer. In the longitudinal dimension of the dentate
      gyrus, most of the collaterals are contained within a zone about 400 microns
      wide. The distribution of the collaterals within the hilar region is correlated
      with the location of the granule cell body. Those that arise from cells near the
      tip of the suprapyramidal blade tend to be confined to the region above field
      CA3; those from cells nearer the crest and from the infrapyramidal blade ramify
      widely throughout the hilus. Two types of varicosities are present on the
      collaterals. Numerous small (approximately 2 microns), round varicosities are
      distributed unevenly along the collaterals; in electron micrographs these
      varicosities can be seen to make asymmetric synaptic contacts with dendritic
      shafts. On average, each granule cell collateral plexus has about 160 of these
      varicosities. The second type of varicosity is irregular in shape and ranges from
      2 to 4 microns in diameter; there is usually only one such varicosity per
      collateral. In all respects except size, these varicosities resemble the
      expansions found on the parent mossy fibers. Mossy fiber trajectories in the
      proximal part of field CA3 were studied after extracellular injections of HRP
      into localized regions of the granule cell layer. Granule cells at different
      locations around the blade send their mossy fibers to different depths within the
      pyramidal cell layer in the proximal part of field CA3. However, further
      distally, mossy fibers from all parts of the granule cell layer contribute to the
      suprapyramidal bundle that occupies the stratum lucidum.

PMID- 3700725
TI  - Amino acid labeling patterns in the efferent innervation of the cochlea: an
      electron microscopic autoradiographic study.
AB  - Light microscopic autoradiography and electron microscopic autoradiography were
      used to study the distribution of label in the cochlear efferents following in
      vivo incubation with tritiated amino acids. Two basic patterns of labeling were
      observed. These patterns correspond closely to the lateral and medial superior
      olivary complex (SOC) olivocochlear systems identified by Warr and Guinan ('79,
      Brain Res. 173:152-155). Our electron microscopic observations suggest that, at
      least in the gerbil, the complete separation of outer hair cell (OHC) versus
      inner hair cell (IHC) efferent innervation proposed by these investigators based
      upon light microscopic data does not occur. Rather, our data suggest that while
      the lateral SOC system supplies endings only to the region under the IHC, the
      medial SOC system may supply endings beneath both the IHCs and OHCs.

PMID- 3700726
TI  - The architecture of nerves and ganglia of the ferret trachea as revealed by
      acetylcholinesterase histochemistry.
AB  - The goal of this study was to determine the architecture of the nerves and
      ganglia of the ferret trachea. Tracheas from four newborn ferrets and three adult
      ferrets were stained histochemically for acetylcholinesterase activity and
      analyzed in their entirety as whole mounts. The architecture consisted of one or
      two longitudinal nerve trunks overlying the posterior surface of the trachealis
      muscle, a dense plexus of nerves superficial to the trachealis muscle that
      interconnected these longitudinal nerve trunks, and, on the anterior surface, a
      plexus superficial to the submucosal glands and located between the cartilaginous
      rings. In addition, deep neural plexuses were associated with the trachealis
      muscle and with the submucosal glands. Ganglion cell bodies along the
      longitudinal nerve trunks were large (mean diameter +/- S.E. = 34.3 +/- 0.3
      microns), were usually attached to the nerve trunk by a stalk, and were loosely
      clustered in groups of as many 38 cell bodies. By contrast, those cell bodies of
      the superficial muscle and gland plexuses were significantly smaller (mean
      diameter +/- S.E. = 24.2 +/- 0.3 microns), were never attached by a stalk, and
      were tightly clustered in ganglia of one to four cell bodies. We conclude that
      nerves and ganglia of the ferret trachea constitute one or two longitudinal nerve
      trunks containing ganglia with large cell bodies, two superficial nerve plexuses
      containing ganglia with small cell bodies overlying the smooth muscle and
      submucosal glands, respectively, and two deep nerve plexuses providing the
      terminal innervation to the muscle and glands.

PMID- 3700727
TI  - Cell generation, death, and retinal growth in the development of the hamster
      retinal ganglion cell layer.
AB  - During the early postnatal period in the hamster, the retinal ganglion cell layer
      grows, establishes its central connections, and undergoes substantial cell loss.
      In this study, we describe the development of the retinal ganglion cell layer
      with particular attention to the creation of local specializations in cell
      density. Changes in the number and spatial distribution of cells identified by a
      single 3H thymidine injection were examined through the period of maximal cell
      loss (postnatal days 4-10) and at adulthood. The cells of the retinal ganglion
      cell layer are generated from embryonic day 10 to postnatal day 3. Overall, cell
      number in the ganglion cell layer increases by approximately 108,000 cells (223%)
      from postnatal day 1 to 5, because of continued migration of cells generated
      prenatally. Cell number decreases from postnatal day 5 to 10 (25%), coincident
      with the presence of degenerating cells. Cell type is correlated with day of
      generation: the largest cells, all having retinal ganglion cell morphology, are
      generated on embryonic days 10 and 11; intermediate-sized cells predominantly of
      ganglion cell morphology on embryonic day 12; and smaller cells of displaced
      amacrine or glial cell morphology thereafter. At adulthood, the hamster retina
      shows a streaklike elevation of cell density through central retina. However, at
      the time of maximal cell number (postnatal day 5), cell density is uniform across
      the retina. During the period of cell degeneration, cells are lost in greater
      relative numbers from the retinal periphery. This cell loss occurs principally
      from the first-generated cells (embryonic days 10 and 11), as shown by both
      changes in the distribution of labeled cells and by the spatial pattern of
      labeled degenerating cells. From postnatal day 10 to adulthood, relative cell
      density continues to decline in the periphery of the retina, thus suggesting that
      differential growth completes the production of the adult cell density
      distribution.

PMID- 3700728
TI  - Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumours in three cats and a dog.
AB  - Neoplasms histologically similar to calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour
      (CEOT) of man are described in three cats and a dog. The diagnostic features of
      these neoplasms are their occurrence in the jaw and the histological appearance
      of cords of epithelial cells, amyloid spherules and foci of calcification. The
      histogenesis and behaviour of the tumour are discussed.

PMID- 3700729
TI  - Windswept deformities in poultry.
AB  - "Windswept deformities", involving valgus angulation of one intertarsal joint and
      varus angulation in the contralateral limb, were identified in 75 of 120 turkeys
      and 24 of 120 broiler fowls which had been culled because of lameness, so that
      windswept limb angulation was more common in turkeys than broilers. A proportion
      of cases can be more accurately described as unilateral intertarsal varus
      deformities with physiological valgus angulation of the contralateral limb. In
      other cases, marked angulation of one limb probably results from adoption of an
      altered posture secondary to deformity of the contralateral limb. No correlation
      was found between abnormal bone torsion, limb angulation and dyschondroplastic
      lesions. In broilers, almost 70 per cent of windswept limbs with 20 degrees or
      more intertarsal angulation showed physeal disturbance in the distal tibiotarsus
      or proximal transometatarsus or both. This finding supports the concept that
      windswept deformities are commonly associated with physeal lesions but whether
      the two conditions are causally related is uncertain.

PMID- 3700730
TI  - Rupture of the intercondylar ligament in intertarsal joints of broiler fowls.
AB  - On examination of the intertarsal joints of approximately 150 lame broiler fowls,
      the intercondylar ligament was found to be ruptured, either partially or totally,
      in 22 birds. In some cases, rupture of the intercondylar ligament occurred in
      joints with gross angulation and usually in association with collateral ligament
      instability. In other birds, intercondylar ligament rupture occurred in limbs
      with minimal angulation but often with concomitant ligament or tendon failure in
      the same or contralateral limb. A fibrovascular layer was frequently identified
      between collateral ligaments and their distal tibiotarsal attachment. Haemorrhage
      in the fibrovascular tissue appears to be responsible for the establishment of
      the cyst-like structures which were present in some distal tibiotarsi.

PMID- 3700731
TI  - Mycetoma-like granuloma in a cat caused by Microsporum canis.
AB  - A solitary subcutaneous nodule from a Persian cat consisted of coalescing
      mycetoma-like granulomas containing abnormal hyphae of Microsporum canis.
      Overlying hair follicles were heavily laden with dermatophytes but had little
      associated perifollicular inflammation. The complex classification of
      dermatophyte-induced dermal inflammatory lesions is reviewed.

PMID- 3700732
TI  - Ultrastructural changes in the cerebellum of nursling rats given corynetoxin, the
      aetiological agent of annual ryegrass toxicity.
AB  - Nursling rats were given a lethal dose of corynetoxin and the sequential
      morphological alterations in the cerebellum were examined at daily intervals up
      to 3 days post-inoculation. Ultrastructural changes were those of cerebral
      vascular damage, which was usually focal in affected endothelial cells, and
      resulted in vascular stasis or thrombosis. These changes ultimately constituted a
      failure of perfusion in focal areas of brain parenchyma supplied by these
      vessels, resulting in necrosis.

PMID- 3700734
TI  - Destruction and repair of mammary gland parenchyma of cows infected with foot-and
      mouth disease.
AB  - Bovine mammary gland secretory epithelial cells show signs of infection as early
      as three days after exposure of lactating host dairy cows to pigs infected with
      foot-and-mouth disease. Isolated foci of necrotic alveoli, as observed by
      scanning electron microscopy, increased in area and number with time. Infection
      of individual milk synthesizing cells progressed to involve the entire secretory
      epithelium. Alveolar luminal contents, in contrast to those in control
      preparations, consisted of heavy concentrations of cellular debris and connective
      tissue fragments; few leukocytes were observed. Involutionary changes occurred 10
      days after cow exposure. Significant evidence of repair in necrotic areas was
      present at 15 days, but limited repair occurred earlier. Characteristics of
      replacement secretory epithelium made it possible to differentiate it from older
      mammary gland parenchyma.

PMID- 3700733
TI  - The thickness of the alveolar capillary wall in guinea-pigs at high and low
      altitude.
AB  - The thickness of the alveolar-capillary wall was measured in the lungs of seven
      guinea-pigs born and living at La Raya, in the Peruvian Andes, at an altitude of
      4200 m and in seven sea-level representatives of the same species. This was
      achieved by carrying out morphometric studies on electron micrographs to obtain
      the so-called arithmetic and harmonic mean thicknesses. The arithmetic mean
      thickness was always the larger, this being due to the greater emphasis which the
      technique employed places on the copious amounts of connective tissue in the
      interstitial space of the alveolar capillary wall in this species. These thicker
      portions of the alveolar wall are not concerned with gaseous diffusion. The
      harmonic mean thickness probably gives a more physiologically realistic estimate
      of the magnitude of the diffusion barrier to oxygen. This proved to be smaller in
      the animals from high altitude and may facilitate diffusion of oxygen from
      alveolar spaces to blood, thus making less steep the "oxygen cascade" from
      inspired air to mitochondria.

PMID- 3700735
TI  - Hemiagenesis of the thyroid gland in the quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica).
AB  - Hemiagenesis of the thyroid occurred in a closed population of Japanese quails.
      The unilateral gland was histologically normal, occurred most frequently in
      females, was heavier than individual pairs of glands and the birds showed no
      clinical effects. Comparative aspects are discussed.

PMID- 3700736
TI  - Rapid nontomographic approach to MR myelography without contrast agents.
AB  - A modification of the rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement imaging
      method allows the acquisition of a highly T2-weighted image in 2.5 s. By omitting
      the slice selection gradient, this technique yields a superimposed image of the
      CSF in the spinal canal. This image (magnetic resonance myelogram) contains much
      of the same information as an X-ray myelogram.

PMID- 3700737
TI  - Dichotomy between clinical findings and MR abnormalities in pontine infarction.
AB  - Comparison between cranial CT and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in 10 patients
      with recent pontine infarction indicates a distinct superiority for MR. However,
      MR changes often failed to correlate with the degree of neurological dysfunction.
      Regions of abnormal signal intensity appeared to involve areas with normal
      neurologic function.

PMID- 3700738
TI  - Computed tomography of deep cerebral venous thrombosis.
AB  - We present three cases of deep cerebral venous thrombosis. The CT features and
      their evolution are discussed with review of the literature. New direct and
      indirect CT signs are described.

PMID- 3700739
TI  - Facial nerve neurinoma presenting as middle cranial fossa mass: CT appearance.
AB  - Two cases of large seventh nerve neurinoma presenting as masses in the middle
      cranial fossa are presented. The radiographic findings are discussed with
      attention to CT appearance. In the appropriate clinical context, correlation with
      radiographic studies should strongly support diagnosis of middle fossa neurinoma
      originating from the seventh cranial nerve. Failure of preoperative diagnosis may
      result in unexpected operative loss of facial nerve function.

PMID- 3700740
TI  - CT demonstration of extracranial carotid artery aneurysms.
AB  - Aneurysms arising from the extracranial carotid arteries are uncommon lesions.
      Clinically, they may present as lateral masses in the superior cervical area, as
      medial masses in the tonsillar fossa or parapharyngeal region, or as a mass
      palpable in both areas. Tenderness or pain may or may not be present. Pulsation
      is usually detectable. Embolic neurological episodes are a common event leading
      to discovery of these lesions. Etiologies include trauma, atherosclerosis,
      fibromuscular dysplasia, infection, and congenital predisposing factors. We
      report the CT appearance of this condition in three patients. In all three
      patients (four aneurysms) the CT findings were characteristic. Thus far, we have
      discovered only one account in the English literature that included the CT
      demonstration of an extracranial carotid aneurysm.

PMID- 3700741
TI  - MR imaging of cardiac thrombi.
AB  - This retrospective study of 10 magnetic resonance (MR) examinations in patients
      with cardiac thrombi (eight in left ventricle and two in right atrium) was
      performed to assess the ability of MR for demonstrating cardiac thrombi and
      describe the appearance of cardiac thrombi using the spin echo technique. Cardiac
      thrombi usually had higher signal intensity than the normal myocardium on MR
      imaging, especially on the second echo (TE of 56 or 60 ms) image. Differentiation
      between cardiac thrombus and intracardiac signal resulting from slowly flowing
      blood was possible based on different signal intensity changes using various
      techniques. In conclusion, MI imaging constitutes another noninvasive modality
      for the detection of cardiac thrombus. Further work is needed to determine its
      accuracy compared with that of two-dimensional echocardiography.

PMID- 3700742
TI  - Superior pericardial recess simulating aortic dissection on computed tomography.
AB  - Computed tomography is frequently used in the initial workup of patients with
      suspected aortic dissection to distinguish dissection involving the ascending
      aorta from dissection limited to the descending aorta. We reviewed CT of 19
      patients who were proven by aortography to have normal ascending aortas. In eight
      patients the superior extension of the pericardium was visualized and thought to
      be a potential source of a false-positive diagnosis of type A aortic dissection.

PMID- 3700743
TI  - Evaluation of common bile duct diameter using high resolution computed
      tomography.
AB  - The visibility rate and mean diameter of the common bile duct (CBD) were
      determined in 172 patients scanned with a routine abdominal technique on a GE
      CT/T 9800. Ninety-two (53%) had visible CBDs with the mean diameter measuring 5.3
      mm. The visibility rate varied from 45 to 66% in healthy and ill patients,
      although the CBD diameters were similar (4.5 and 5.1 mm). The CBD was visualized
      more often in patients after cholecystectomy (87%), and the mean diameter was
      larger (8.2 mm). Using high resolution CT it seemed that the CBD could be
      demonstrated more frequently than the previously reported 30%.

PMID- 3700744
TI  - CT characterization of multivesicular hydatid cysts.
AB  - One hundred seventy-eight abdominal multivesicular hydatid cysts were classified
      into three types (A, B, C) based on CT densities and morphology of cysts. The CT
      density of viable daughter cysts was always appreciably lower than those of
      mother hydatid cysts. This density differential between mother and daughter
      hydatid cyst fluid is a useful diagnostic sign.

PMID- 3700745
TI  - CT demonstration of hernia through an iliac crest defect.
AB  - We recently encountered two patients with an unusual hernia through a defect in
      the iliac crest secondary to prior bone graft harvesting. The radiographic and CT
      features of this rare entity are illustrated and pertinent literature reviewed.

PMID- 3700746
TI  - Computed tomography of perirenal metastases.
AB  - The lymphatic and vascular network of the perirenal space is described. Eighteen
      cases of perirenal metastases are reviewed and examples of common pitfalls are
      illustrated. The pathways for metastases to the perirenal areas and explanation
      for other abnormalities are postulated.

PMID- 3700747
TI  - MR imaging of aortoiliac atherosclerosis with 3D image reconstruction.
AB  - A computer program was written to detect blood flow in a sequence of magnetic
      resonance images, using reduction in first echo intensity and prolongation of
      calculated T2 value, and to construct three-dimensional vessel maps from the
      detected flow regions. Reconstructed vessel images were coded to show cross
      sectional area of the lumen and relative flow velocity along the length of the
      vessel. The program was applied to imaging the aorta and iliac arteries in 11
      patients with atherosclerosis and results were compared with angiography. All
      sites of narrowing were identified by the algorithm, but no flow at all was
      detected at one site of partial occlusion.

PMID- 3700748
TI  - MR imaging of hemophiliac arthropathy.
AB  - Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the knee was performed in 10 patients with
      hemophilia. The periarticular and subchondral abnormalities were classified
      according to the signal intensity from these regions on T1- and T2-weighted pulse
      sequences. Periarticular abnormalities were detected in 50% of the hemophiliac
      joints, and fibrous changes were noted in 57% of all the areas of subchondral
      abnormality. Magnetic resonance imaging identifies periarticular and subchondral
      abnormalities in patients with hemophilia and may help in monitoring the progress
      of the disease process.

PMID- 3700749
TI  - CT demonstration of capsuloligamentous lesions of the knee joint.
AB  - Direct CT of the knee joint was performed on 45 patients who subsequently
      underwent surgery for clinically suspected capsuloligamentous lesions. It was
      possible to perform a complete examination on all patients, even those
      immobilized in a cast or with acute clinical symptoms. Computed tomography
      correctly differentiated 32 lesions of the anterior cruciate ligament, five
      lesions of the posterior cruciate ligament, 16 lesions of the collateral
      ligaments, and 43 associated meniscal lesions. In five cases surgery disproved
      the CT diagnosis. Our experience permitted us to identify direct CT signs that
      not only indicate the presence of a capsuloligamentous lesion but also determine
      its site, extent, and seriousness.

PMID- 3700750
TI  - CT appearance of nidus in osteoid osteoma versus sequestration in osteomyelitis.
AB  - Osteoid osteoma is a benign osteoblastic tumor usually diagnosed by conventional
      radiography. Computed tomography can be used preoperatively to localize the nidus
      and avoid unnecessary or misdirected resection. In this report CT appearance of
      the nidus in osteoid osteoma versus sequestration in osteomyelitis is presented.

PMID- 3700751
TI  - Modified method of spinal computed tomography for trabecular bone mineral
      measurements.
AB  - Quantitative CT of vertebral trabecular bone is established as a sensitive
      technique for assessing bone mineral mass in the axial skeleton. We have adapted
      this technique for use in a standard third generation whole body CT scanner
      without requiring any extra equipment or software. By utilizing a maximum area of
      interest in the vertebral trabecular bone, we have developed a method of bone
      mineral content estimation that is precise, accurate, and a more representative
      measurement of the vertebral trabecular bone. Measurements in 70 healthy
      postmenopausal women have shown that our results compare favourably with those
      from other centres. Our findings demonstrate that the technique of quantitative
      CT of bone can be adapted for advanced CT scanners without any modifications
      being required. This should lead to an increase in availability of such
      measurements, resulting in improvements both in the diagnosis of metabolic bone
      diseases and in the efficacy of treatment.

PMID- 3700752
TI  - Measurement of changes in tissue temperature using MR imaging.
AB  - The spin-lattice relaxation time T1 of tissue has been measured as a function of
      temperature using a magnetic resonance imager. Both in vitro and in vivo tissues
      have been heated within the imager using radiofrequency power applied to either
      implanted electrodes or capacitive plates. The temperature distribution was
      monitored with implanted thermocouples and T1 was found to have a linear
      dependence with temperature with a slope of 5-10 ms/degrees C. The uncertainty in
      T1 corresponds to a temperature resolution of 1-2 degrees C, which combined with
      a spatial resolution of 4-5 mm and scan time of 1 min suggests the method should
      be valuable for noninvasive temperature mapping in clinical hyperthermia.

PMID- 3700753
TI  - Artifacts from pulsatile flow in MR imaging.
AB  - Previous investigators have examined the effect of blood flow on the apparent
      blood vessel signal intensity. These studies reported flow brightening and
      darkening effects within vessels. In this paper we have investigated another type
      of flow artifact, which originates from the pulsatile nature of blood flow. These
      flow artifacts have characteristic bright and dark "ghosting" patterns which
      appear close to small vessels, usually arteries, which are bright in slow flow.
      Similar to the amplitude-of-motion artifacts caused by patient motion (e.g.,
      breathing and cardiac motion) the ghosting artifacts due to pulsatile flow are
      best characterized as frequency modulated spectral sidebands. The pulsatile
      artifacts can have both dark and bright structures and usually appear close to
      the "moving" vessel that generates the artifact. In this paper we present a study
      of the chief features of these pulsatile flow artifacts, and we develop a
      theoretical description of their origins in terms of "accidental" velocity
      encodings that occur strongly in most magnetic resonance imaging sequences.

PMID- 3700754
TI  - Applications of multiple quantum coherence to MR imaging.
AB  - Another fundamental type of nuclear spin magnetization, multiple quantum
      coherence, is shown to provide a further means of differentiating materials
      detected in the magnetic resonance (MR) experiment. A sequence using pulsed
      magnetic field gradients and radiofrequency pulses is demonstrated to selectively
      image only lactic acid in a phantom consisting of bottles of water, concentrated
      lactic acid, and corn oil. In particular, since water dominates the signal in the
      body, the double quantum experiment also serves as a strong natural suppression
      technique. These types of experiments are predicted to be useful both in MR
      spectroscopy and imaging when the more dilute metabolites in tissue are to be
      examined.

PMID- 3700755
TI  - Dual energy computed tomography: simulated monoenergetic and material-selective
      imaging.
AB  - A dual beam-quality technique was used to reduce the beam hardening artifact in
      CT and to obtain separate images of osseous and soft-tissue structures in phantom
      and clinical CT studies. Recordings were made with pulsed low and high kVp
      spectra with the Somatom DR2. Conventional polyenergetic and simulated
      monoenergetic images were reconstructed from the measurements. In the
      monoenergetic images the beam hardening artifacts were 60-90% lower than in the
      high kVp polyenergetic images whereas the noise was of the same order of
      magnitude in the two types. Noise in the monoenergetic images was lowest around
      70-80 keV both in body and skull examinations although the contrast in the
      monoenergetic image was rather independent of energy.

PMID- 3700756
TI  - In utero diagnosis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia by CT amniography.
AB  - Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) was diagnosed using CT following
      intraamniotic contrast medium injection. Computed tomographic amniography may be
      helpful when the sonographic diagnosis of CDH is uncertain or prenatal surgical
      repair is being considered.

PMID- 3700757
TI  - Traumatic pulmonary artery aneurysm: CT evaluation.
AB  - We present a patient with penetrating thoracic trauma who demonstrated an ill
      defined, enlarging pulmonary opacity over several days. Computed tomography
      confirmed the clinical suspicion of a pulmonary artery aneurysm.

PMID- 3700758
TI  - CT demonstration of an unusual enteric duplication cyst.
AB  - A case of an unusual noncommunicating duplication cyst in an adult is described
      in which CT allowed a conclusive preoperative diagnosis.

PMID- 3700759
TI  - CT findings in biliary and pancreatic ascariasis.
AB  - In a child with biliary and pancreatic ascariasis CT demonstrated liver abscesses
      and a pancreatic pseudocyst, in addition to air in the biliary tree and main
      pancreatic duct.

PMID- 3700760
TI  - Intrarenal rupture of the abdominal aorta: CT features.
AB  - Computed tomography in patients with a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm usually
      demonstrates the aneurysm with blood in the posterior para- and perirenal spaces.
      Hemorrhage into the adjacent perirenal space occurs because the aorta, via the
      renal vascular pedicle, is in continuum with this compartment. The kidney is
      commonly displaced but not compromised functionally. We report a case of an
      asymptomatic chronic intrarenal rupture of a focal aortic aneurysm that presented
      as a mass in a nonfunctioning kidney.

PMID- 3700761
TI  - Carcinoma of the seminal vesicle: CT appearance.
AB  - We report the CT findings in a case of primary seminal vesicle carcinoma. These
      consisted of unilateral enlargement of a seminal vesicle with associated
      stranding extending into the surrounding fat. This soft tissue stranding
      corresponded pathologically to direct tumor invasion.

PMID- 3700762
TI  - Computed tomography of vaginitis emphysematosa.
AB  - Vaginitis emphysematosa is characterized by multiple gas-filled spaces in the
      vagina and exocervix. Although the diagnosis can be made on physical examination
      and on plain radiography, it is important to recognize its appearance on CT since
      it may constitute a serendipitous finding that should be differentiated from more
      serious diseases that have a similar appearance.

PMID- 3700763
TI  - CT demonstration of aneurysm of a persistent sciatic artery.
AB  - The CT findings in a case of persistent sciatic artery complicated with an
      aneurysm in the gluteal area are reported. If on CT an aneurysm is found in the
      gluteal area, the possibility of an underlying persistent sciatic artery should
      be considered.

PMID- 3700764
TI  - Choroid plexus metastasis: CT appearance.
AB  - Tumors of the choroid plexus are rare, and included among the list of such tumors
      is metastasis. We report a case of lung carcinoma metastasizing to the choroid
      plexus of the lateral ventricle. This mass was isodense on unenhanced CT and
      demonstrated moderate to marked enhancement after intravenous contrast medium
      administration. Follow-up studies over the course of 2 1/2 months showed
      hemorrhage into the mass and periventricular enhancement. Confirmation of the
      diagnosis was made by stereotactic biopsy. The differential diagnosis of choroid
      plexus masses is reviewed.

PMID- 3700765
TI  - CT visualization of thrombus in cerebral artery.

PMID- 3700766
TI  - Computed tomography of left paraduodenal hernia.

PMID- 3700767
TI  - CT appearance of giant sigmoid diverticulum.

PMID- 3700768
TI  - Calcified peritoneal metastases from papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary:
      CT features.

PMID- 3700769
TI  - Castleman disease of the retroperitoneum: CT demonstration.

PMID- 3700770
TI  - Eosinophilic panniculitis: a clinicopathologic study.
AB  - Study of 18 patients with biopsy diagnoses of eosinophilic panniculitis revealed
      diverse patterns of systemic disease, including Wells' syndrome, vasculitis,
      atopy, and erythema nodosum as well as localized panniculitis. Significant
      associated diseases included psychiatric illness, 6 (drug dependency, 4); atopy,
      5 (asthma, 3); malignancies, 5; immune complex vasculitis, 4; thyroid disease, 2;
      Wells' eosinophilic cellulitis, 2; glomerulonephritis and sarcoidosis, 1 each.
      The skin lesions varied from urticarial papules and plaques to purpura, pustules,
      and ulcerative lesions but always included a nodular subcutaneous component,
      frequently as a presenting complaint. Eosinophilic panniculitis is a non-specific
      finding that can signify localized disease, such as an insect bite or injection
      lipophagic granuloma in a drug-dependent patient, or systemic lymphoma or immune
      reactive disease. Eosinophilic panniculitis in erythema nodosum is perhaps its
      most confusing presentation.

PMID- 3700771
TI  - Histopathologic findings in papulovesicular light eruption.
AB  - Papulovesicular light eruption (PVLE) is a distinct clinical and histological
      subset of polymorphous light eruption. Biopsies from 16 patients with PVLE showed
      prominent epidermal and dermal changes consisting of intercellular edema,
      papillary dermal edema and a perivascular and interstitial infiltrate in the
      upper dermis.

PMID- 3700772
TI  - Stewart-Treves syndrome: an histogenetic (ultrastructural and immunohistological)
      study.
AB  - One case of the so-called "Stewart-Treves syndrome" (STS), appearing on a
      lymphoedematous arm complicating radical mastectomy for breast cancer, was
      characterized electronmicroscopically and immunohistologically, in order to
      elucidate its disputed (epithelial vs endothelial) histogenesis. Epithelial and
      endothelial differentiation markers used comprised: antibodies against keratin,
      vimentin, factor VIII-related antigen (F VIII-RA), HLA-DR antigens and the lectin
      Ulex europeaus agglutinin I (UEA I). At the ultrastructural level, neoplastic
      cells were found to contain typical Weibel-Palade bodies, whereas by
      immunohistological techniques they proved to be keratin-negative/vimentin+, F
      VIII-RA+, UEAI+, HLA-DR+. These results rule out a possible epithelial
      differentiation and strongly favour an endothelial one for STS.

PMID- 3700773
TI  - Extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma with cutaneous involvement.
AB  - We report the case of a 13-year-old girl with extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma
      involving the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the upper back. The patient
      underwent wide local excision and right axillary node dissection, and received
      chemotherapy with vincristine, actinomycin D, and cyclophosphamide. There was no
      evidence of recurrence or metastasis in eight months of follow up. Light and
      electron microscopic features were typical for this neoplasm. Tumor cells
      contained abundant glycogen, but failed to stain for desmin, keratin, neuron
      specific enolase, or S-100 protein. We discuss the differential diagnosis of
      extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma as well as theories of its histogenesis.

PMID- 3700774
TI  - Cholinergic attenuation of the electrophysiological effects of forskolin.
AB  - Isoproterenol activates adenylate cyclase indirectly via the beta-receptors.
      Forskolin, on the other hand, directly activates the adenylate cyclase. Both
      compounds can induce slow action potentials (APs) in isolated guinea pig
      papillary muscles, consistent with their ability to activate adenylate cyclase.
      Acetylcholine (ACh), 1-10 microM, depressed or abolished slow APs induced by
      isoproterenol or forskolin. There was no difference between the forskolin- and
      isoproterenol-induced slow APs with regard to their sensitivity to ACh. Similar
      results were obtained in cultured embryonic chick heart cells. We conclude that
      forskolin induces slow APs that are essentially the same as those induced by
      isoproterenol, and that ACh action on depressing slow APs must be either directly
      on the adenylate cyclase complex and/or on another step entirely (e.g., mediated
      through increased cGMP.

PMID- 3700775
TI  - In vitro phosphorylation of 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase by cAMP dependent
      protein kinase.
AB  - Highly purified 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase from pig brain is susceptible to
      phosphorylation by the purified cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit.
      Up to 0.7 moles of phosphate from ATP-(gamma)-32P can be incorporated per mole of
      dimeric holoenzyme. Maximum phosphorylation was observed within about 90 minutes
      at 30 degrees C. Despite the extensive degree of phosphorylation observed, no
      kinetic property of the enzyme was perceptibly altered. Removal of cofactor had
      no detectable impact on the extent of phosphorylation but thermal inactivation of
      the enzyme increased and mild reduction with sodium borohydride decreased the
      phosphorylatability of the aminotransferase. It was possible to separate the
      enzyme into phospho and dephospho forms by the use of DEAE chromatography.
      Validation that the two fractions represented genuine aminotransferase was
      obtained by proteolytic peptide mapping. The phospho form of the enzyme was found
      to possess little or no aminotransferase activity while that of the dephospho
      form exhibited higher specific activity than the purified enzyme prior to
      phosphorylation. Furthermore, the dephospho form of the enzyme could not be
      detectably phosphorylated by reincubation with the kinase following DEAE
      chromatography unless it was subjected to thermal inactivation. The stoichiometry
      of phosphorylation of the fraction containing 32P from DEAE chromatography was
      approximately 1 mole/mole of dimer. These results suggest that the substrate for
      phosphorylation by the kinase is a form of the aminotransferase which is somehow
      inactivated during routine purification even when extensive precautions are taken
      to maximally preserve catalytic activity.

PMID- 3700776
TI  - Cognitive behaviour therapy and its application with adolescents.
AB  - Cognitive Behaviour Therapy is traditionally seen as a treatment for emotional
      disorders in adults. The paper argues that the technique can also be used with
      emotionally disturbed adolescents and younger children provided there is an
      awareness of cognitive and moral developmental processes and that these are taken
      into consideration. The paper discusses some of the advantages and excitement of
      using this technique with adolescents.

PMID- 3700777
TI  - Cognitive processes and violent behaviour in young people.
AB  - Forty-three subjects from secondary school took part in a correlation study
      investigating the nature of cognitive processes involved in the presentation of
      violent behaviour. Measures of violence were scores on "aggression items" of a
      self-report questionnaire. The experimental procedure involved binocular
      tachistoscopic presentation of neutral and violent slide pairs. Descriptions of
      the composite stimuli were scored for violent content. The main finding was that
      subjects who had reported more involvement in violent acts also reported seeing
      more violence in the stimulus array. This association held irrespective of age,
      IQ, socio-economic status and starting mood. It is argued that these findings
      indicate a perceptual, rather than a response, bias. A role for this bias as a
      possible maintaining condition in the presentation of aggressive behaviour is
      presented. The implications of the present findings for interventions with young
      people are discussed. It is suggested that cognitive techniques may prove more
      effective than traditional behavioural programmes.

PMID- 3700778
TI  - Problems of therapeutic community practice in two halfway houses for disturbed
      adolescents: a comparative sociological study.
AB  - Materials gathered from a participant observation study of two therapeutic
      communities for disturbed adolescents were used to highlight the respective
      problems of two contrasting approaches to therapy. Whereas one community pursued
      the principles of programming and instrumental intervention, the other
      community's approach centred on minimal supervision and reality confrontation;
      the two communities mirrored, at a micro-level, wider divisions of practice
      within the therapeutic communities movement.

PMID- 3700779
TI  - A consumer survey of an adolescent unit.
AB  - Details are presented of a consumer survey of 60 adolescents and 67 parents,
      designed to assess attitudes to the treatment components of a regional
      psychiatric unit for adolescents. Two-thirds of the adolescents and nearly one
      half of the parents made a positive valuation of the Unit's treatment. The
      treatment regime with its emphasis on individual responsibility received the most
      positive ratings. Over half of the parents and one third of the adolescents felt
      that the Unit had not been helpful. Parents responded negatively to two
      particular aspects of the Unit: first the treatment regime because of the lack of
      control and care, and secondly the Unit's high family involvement and its use of
      family group therapy. Adolescents criticised the Unit's siting in the grounds of
      a psychiatric hospital for adult patients. Attention is drawn to the difficulties
      faced by a general purpose unit in meeting the specific needs of adolescents and
      their families, and the importance of consumer opinion in the provision and
      planning of services and their delivery is stressed.

PMID- 3700780
TI  - The importance of peer group ("crowd") affiliation in adolescence.
AB  - Many researchers have speculated about the role peer groups play in adolescent
      development, but few have examined teenagers' own perspective on the importance
      of group affiliations. The two studies reported here, involving 1,300 7th to 12th
      graders in three Midwestern U.S. communities, assessed teenagers' valuation of
      belonging to a "crowd" as well as the reasons they cited to support or oppose
      crowd affiliation. The importance of crowd affiliation declined across age.
      Younger adolescents generally favored membership, emphasizing the crowd's ability
      to provide emotional or instrumental support, foster friendships and facilitate
      social interaction. Older respondents expressed dissatisfaction with the
      conformity demands of crowds and felt their established friendship networks
      obviated the need for peer group ties. The importance of crowd affiliation was
      not related to the strength of respondents' sense of identity but did vary
      significantly with their willingness to conform to peers and the centrality of
      their position in peer groups or the type of crowd to which they belonged.
      Findings emphasized that adolescent peer groups can serve multiple functions,
      whose salience shifts with age.

PMID- 3700781
TI  - Adolescent and parent perceptions of family cohesion and adaptability.
AB  - This study examined across 281 families of different aged adolescents the
      similarity of parent-adolescent perceptions of levels of adaptability and
      cohesion in families. Compared to parents, adolescents of almost all age groups
      (13-17 years) were less satisfied with levels of adaptability in families and so
      the ability of the family to change its roles and rules in relation to stress.
      Adolescents judged the present state of the family as more inflexible to changes
      in its structure than did parents. Asked about ideal levels of adaptability,
      fathers with 14 and 16 year old adolescents of both sexes, and fathers with 17
      year old sons were least flexible about changes to the power and role structure
      of families. Scores on cohesion or the emotional bonding in families indicated
      that across family types parents judged the family as more cohesive than did
      adolescents. Adolescents, however, still showed fairly high levels of cohesion,
      although below their parents. Adolescents desire changes to power and roles in
      the family system, but still want a relatively cohesive and supportive family
      environment.

PMID- 3700782
TI  - Fatty acid-binding protein in liver and small intestine of the preruminant calf.
AB  - Cytosol obtained from differential centrifugation of homogenates from liver and
      small intestine mucosa was incubated with 1-[14C] oleic acid or 1-[14C] palmitic
      acid and filtered through Sephadex G-75. Elution profiles for both tissues showed
      radioactivity in two main peaks, the first corresponding to binding of fatty acid
      to high molecular weight proteins and the second to a protein fraction with a
      molecular weight of approximately 12,000 daltons. The low molecular weight
      fraction had high fatty acid-binding activity, which was greater for oleic than
      palmitic acid. The findings demonstrate the presence of fatty acid-binding
      protein in liver and intestinal mucosa of the preruminant calf.

PMID- 3700783
TI  - Radiotelemetry system for continuously monitoring temperature in cows.
AB  - Deep body temperature is an important index of the physiological status of an
      animal. A radiotelemetry system was developed to monitor continuously udder and
      body temperatures in cows under normal housing conditions. Radiotransmitters were
      crystal controlled blocking oscillators operating in the 27 MHz band.
      Functionally, the transmitters turned on and off in a pulsatile fashion with
      temperature encoded as the time interval between two pulses (nominally .5 s at 38
      degrees C). Transmitters were powered by lithium batteries (6-mo lifespan) and
      were encapsulated in paraffin/Elvax (cylinder 6 cm X 3 cm diameter). Signals were
      detected using a radio receiver in the AM mode. Reception frequency was selected
      by computer. Each audio pulse was electronically converted to a digital pulse. A
      PDP 11/23 computer converted intervals between digital pulses to temperature
      values. As finally configured, the computer collected data from 12 transmitters
      every 1.4 min (1024 readings/transmitter/d). Temperatures were graphed
      continuously and stored on magnetic media for future analyses.

PMID- 3700784
TI  - Sire and maternal grandsire effects on calving difficulty and calf mortality in
      Israeli Holsteins.
AB  - Associations among sire and maternal grandsire evaluations for calving difficulty
      and calf mortality were investigated in the Israeli Holstein population.
      Primiparous and multiparous calvings were analysed separately. Genetic
      correlations between calving difficulty and calf mortality were close to unity
      for primiparous calvings but lower for multiparous calvings. Genetic correlations
      between primiparous and multiparous sire evaluations were .94 and .72 for calving
      difficulty and calf mortality. Genetic correlations between sire and maternal
      grandsire evaluations were .6 for primiparous calvings and not-significant for
      multiparous calvings for both traits. These results correspond to findings that
      the direct genetic effect is larger than the maternal effect but that there is a
      slight negative correlation between them. We suggest that sire evaluations for
      calving difficulty of multiparous cows be used as a preliminary prediction of
      heifer calving difficulty and calf mortality and that the separate calving trait
      evaluations be combined into an overall calving selection index.

PMID- 3700785
TI  - Dry cow therapy: effects of method of drug administration on occurrence of
      intramammary infection.
AB  - Two methods of administering a dry cow infusion product were evaluated: 1) full
      insertion of infusion cannula into the teat cistern, and 2) partial insertion of
      infusion cannula into the teat canal. Eighty-six Jersey cows were treated at dry
      off; two quarters of each cow were infused using method 1, and two quarters were
      infused using method 2. The new quarter infection rate for method 1 with major
      intramammary pathogens was 9.9% (17 infections/172 quarters); that for method 2
      was 4.1% (7 infections/171 quarters). Treatment efficacies against major
      pathogens for methods 1 and 2, were 57.9% (11 cures/19 quarters) and 85.7% (12
      cures/14 quarters), respectively.

PMID- 3700786
TI  - Milk iodine residues in herds practicing iodophor premilking teat disinfection.
AB  - The objective was to determine effects of different concentrations of iodophor
      teat dips on milk iodine residues, when teat dips were used both premilking and
      postmilking. Eighty cows in each of seven herds were assigned to one of four
      treatments. Each treatment received postmilking teat dip at .1 or 1% iodophor
      concentration. Two groups received no premilking dip, and the other two groups
      received premilking teat dip at the same concentration as the postmilking teat
      dip. Premilking teat dipping was followed by manual drying of teats. Noniodophor
      postmilking dips and no premilking inodophor udder sanitizers were used during an
      8-d adjustment period. Milk was collected for milk iodine determination from each
      cow from weigh jars or milk meters at p.m. milkings during the last 3 d of the
      adjustment period and d 4, 6, and 8 of the treatment period. Premilking and
      postmilking teat dipping with .1% iodophor dip did not significantly increase
      milk iodine residue above postmilking teat dipping with .1% iodophor dip alone.
      However, 1% iodophor postmilking teat dip significantly increased milk iodine
      residue over use of .1% iodophor dip used as a premilking and postmilking teat
      dip. Adding a 1% iodophor premilking teat dip significantly increased iodine
      residues.

PMID- 3700787
TI  - Significance of the presence of bovine milk beta-glucuronidase in mastitis
      detection.
AB  - The presence of beta-glucuronidase enzyme in bovine milk was related both to the
      existence of major and minor pathogens and to somatic cell counts. The detection
      of this enzyme in whole milk was made possible by the use of p-nitrophenyl-beta
      glucuronide as a substrate. This detection allowed us to determine abnormal udder
      secretions with a high degree of specificity and sensitivity. The particular
      method of enzyme determination was considered important for mastitis detection
      because beta-D-glucuronidase, the most significant enzyme in inflammatory
      processes, is released selectively. The relationship between enzyme, presence of
      pathogens, and somatic cell counts was established in 220 milk samples obtained
      at random from individual quarters of apparently healthy udders of cows from four
      local dairy farms (Santiago del Estero and Tucuman, Argentina). Four of these
      samples were from cows of recent parturition and two from cows with severe
      clinical mastitis. Only 17% of the milk samples were normal with somatic cell
      counts 500,000 cells/ml or less. This ratio is the usual one throughout the area,
      and the remaining 83% showed higher somatic cell counts. Taking the latter as
      100%, the presence of beta-glucuronidase and the positive bacteriological
      analyses represented 76 and 74%, respectively.

PMID- 3700788
TI  - Bacterial cell counts in goat milk and their correlations with somatic cell
      counts, percent fat, and protein.
AB  - Representative milk samples at morning and afternoon milking were collected
      periodically for 5 mo from 32 does in a Prairie View A&M University milking herd
      to test the concentrations of total bacterial, coliform, and staphylococcus
      counts and to determine the correlations among the bacterial cell counts, somatic
      cell counts, percent fat, and percent protein. Bacterial cell counts were assayed
      by microbiogical methods using different nutrient media for the three cell types.
      Somatic cell counts were determined by an automated fluorescent microscopic
      somatic cell counter. Percent fat and protein were analyzed by an automated dual
      beam infrared absorption analyzer. Mean counts for total bacterial, coliform,
      staphylococcus, and somatic cell were 2.54 X 10(4), .966 X 10(3), 3.32 X 10(3),
      and 9.08 X 10(5) cells/ml, respectively. The Nubian goats had higher counts in
      all three bacterial cell types than the Alpines, and the difference in
      staphylococcus counts between breeds was significant (P less than .05). However,
      Alpine milk contained slightly higher somatic cell counts than the Nubians. None
      of the correlation coefficients (r) between somatic cell and bacterial cell
      counts was significant for the pooled data from the two breeds, but r between
      staphylococcus and somatic cell counts for Alpine breed was significant (P less
      than .05). The r between somatic cell counts and percent fat or protein were
      significant (P less than .01) for combined or separated breed data. Bacterial
      cell counts could not explain high somatic cell counts in the goat milk with the
      present testing standards of cow milk.

PMID- 3700789
TI  - Carryover of preformed staphylococcal enterotoxins and thermostable
      deoxyribonuclease from raw cow milk to Khoa--a heat-concentrated Indian milk
      product.
AB  - Preformation of enterotoxins and thermostable deoxyribonuclease by Staphylococcus
      aureus in raw cow milk and their carryover to Khoa--a heat-concentrated (98
      degrees C for 15 to 20 min) Indian milk product--was evaluated. Detectable
      enterotoxins and deoxyribonuclease, as evidenced in the zone diameters of 10 to
      16 mm, were performed in 10 h incubation of milk samples inoculated with strains
      of Staphylococcus aureus at 1 X 10(6) cfu/ml of milk. Both preformed enterotoxins
      and thermostable deoxyribonuclease were carried over to Khoa from raw milk. The
      study implies the use of good quality raw milk free from pathogenic organisms for
      preparation of milk products such as Khoa.

PMID- 3700790
TI  - Extruded blend of soybean meal and sunflower seeds for dairy cattle in early
      lactation.
AB  - An extruded blend of 44% crude protein soybean meal (50%), whole sunflower seeds
      (45%), and premix (5%) was evaluated as a protein and energy source for dairy
      cows in early lactation. Thirty Holstein cows (24 multiparous and 6 primiparous)
      were assigned to either a corn-oats-soybean meal concentrate or a concentrate
      where soy-sunflower blend replaced all soybean meal and portions of corn and
      oats. Dry matter of total mixed diets was 36% corn silage, 21% alfalfa haylage,
      and 43% concentrate. Yields of milk (33.6 and 33.8 kg/d) and 4% fat-corrected
      milk (30.9 and 30.5 kg/d) were similar, and percentages of total solids (11.92
      and 11.38), fat (3.55 and 3.30), and protein (2.91 and 2.74) were lower in milk
      from cows fed soy-sunflower blend. Milk from cows fed soy-sunflower blend
      contained fewer short- and medium-chain fatty acids, more 18-carbon fatty acids,
      and was more unsaturated than from cows fed soybean meal. Intakes of dry matter
      and changes in body weight were not different among diets. Ruminal fluid pH and
      molar ratio of acetate to propionate were higher, and concentrations of total
      volatile fatty acids and ammonia were lower in cows fed soy-sunflower blend.
      Concentrations of essential amino acids in arterial serum, calculated mammary
      uptakes, and transfer efficiencies indicated more desirable amino acid balance in
      cows fed soy-sunflower blend. Methionine appeared to be most limiting with both
      diets.

PMID- 3700791
TI  - Effect of source of carbohydrate and frequency of feeding on rumen parameters in
      dairy steers.
AB  - Four rumen-fistulated, Holstein steers (358 kg) were fed two diets at two
      frequencies (2 and 8 times/d) in a 4 X 4 Latin square design with 28-d periods.
      The two diets consisted of corn silage and a concentrate mixture in a ratio of
      40:60 on a dry matter basis. The two concentrate mixtures (control and dried
      whole whey) contained, as a percentage: ground shelled corn, 87.85, 19.05;
      soybean meal, 9.4, 5.9; dicalcium phosphate, 1.7, 0; trace mineralized salt, 1.0,
      1.0; vitamin A and D premix, .05, .05; and dried whole whey, 0, 74.0,
      respectively. Rumen fluid samples were taken at hourly intervals for 24 h and
      analyzed for pH, volatile fatty acids, lactate, ammonia nitrogen, and protozoal
      numbers. Total concentration of volatile fatty acids in the rumen were not
      affected by treatments. Feeding the control diet resulted in significantly higher
      ruminal acetate and isovalerate but lower butyrate and valerate expressed as a
      molar percentage. Increasing the feeding frequency from 2 to 8 times/d resulted
      in an increase in the molar percentage of acetate and a decrease in the
      concentration of lactate in ruminal fluid. Numbers of protozoa varied
      considerably with time after feeding and tended to be higher on the whey diet.

PMID- 3700792
TI  - Effect of lipids in milk replacers on calf performance and lipids in blood
      plasma, liver, and perirenal fat.
AB  - Various fats (20% of dry matter) were fed in milk replacer to calves, from 3 to
      31 d of age, to compare their effect on calf performance, feed efficiency, and
      lipids in blood plasma, liver, and perirenal fat. Dietary fats tested were tallow
      (control), canola oil, canola soapstocks, corn oil, reclaimed restaurant cooking
      fat, and a high phospholipid waste product. Corn oil plus tallow (1:1) diet
      promoted scours and poor calf gains, but canola oil diet, despite a high content
      of unsaturated fatty acids, gave excellent calf performance and feed utilization
      and no scours. Canola soapstocks plus tallow (1:1) and restaurant waste cooking
      fat lowered gains by 25 and 15% and reduced diet intake. Calves effectively
      utilized high phospholipid (23%) in dietary lipids. Main lipid classes in blood
      plasma were cholesterol esters and phosphatidylcholine, and in liver
      phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. Fatty acid composition of the
      major blood plasma and liver lipids, and of perirenal fat, tended to reflect
      dietary fatty acid concentrations.

PMID- 3700793
TI  - Effect of protein source in calf milk replacers on morphology and absorptive
      ability of small intestine.
AB  - Holstein calves were fed milk or one of four milk replacers with one-third of the
      total protein supplied by casein, soy protein concentrate, soy flour, or fish
      protein concentrate. The remainder of the protein in each replacer was from milk
      sources. Milk and milk replacers (13% solids) were fed at 10% of body weight
      daily. No dry feed or bedding was provided. Absorptive ability of small intestine
      was evaluated by xylose absorption test at 2-wk intervals. With calves under
      general anesthesia, a biopsy of small intestine was taken after each xylose test
      to examine morphological changes in mucosa by scanning electron microscopy. Villi
      were long, tapering, and uniform in calves fed milk. Calves fed casein had
      greater variation in size and conformation of villi. Gradual deterioration in
      villous integrity was seen in calves fed soy proteins. Calves fed fish protein
      concentrate performed poorly and had abnormal villi. Diets were changed to milk
      to test for reversal of effects after marked alterations in intestinal structure
      had been observed. Atrophy was reversed as villi returned toward normal size and
      shape within 2 wk after milk feeding began. The surgical procedure apparently did
      not cause harmful effects of villi. Absorption of xylose and daily gain were
      greater, and feces firmer, in calves fed milk than in those fed milk replacers.

PMID- 3700794
TI  - Removal of glycosaminoglycans from bovine granulosa cells contributes to
      increased binding of hydrogen-3 heparin.
AB  - Granulosa cells from small or large bovine follicles were pretreated with enzymes
      that hydrolyze various glycosaminoglycans, and binding of [3H]-heparin to the
      granulosa was measured. Binding of [3H] heparin increased significantly after
      enzymatic pretreatments with chondroitinase ABC and fungal hyaluronidase, and
      similar results were obtained with granulosa from small and large follicles. No
      changes in binding of [3H] heparin were detected after hydrolyses with
      chondroitinase AC and heparinase in either follicle size. Heparitinase, which
      hydrolyzes heparan sulfate, led to a significant 50% increase in binding of [3H]
      heparin to granulosa from large follicles but was without effect in small
      follicles. These results suggest that the lower binding of [3H] heparin, which
      has been reported with follicular enlargement, may be due to heparan sulfate
      occupying or obstructing binding sites for heparin on granulosa from large
      follicles.

PMID- 3700795
TI  - Postthaw survival and fertility of frozen bull spermatozoa treated with
      antibiotics and detergent.
AB  - Five factorial experiments were conducted, each with 10 bulls, three extenders,
      and six antibiotic treatments to determine safe levels of new antibiotics to add
      to bull spermatozoa. Dicloxacillin, cephapirin, ceforanide, gentamicin, and
      minocin were added at five concentrations to whole milk, egg yolk-Tris, and egg
      yolk-Tris detergent (sodium triethanolamine lauryl sulfate) extenders with
      penicillin and streptomycin as a control. Semen was extended to 20 X 10(6)
      sperm/ml, packaged in .5-ml straws, frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen, and
      thawed at 35 degrees C for 30 s. Two people assessed postthaw percentage of
      motile spermatozoa from two straws per treatment. Bulls and extenders always
      affected sperm motility significantly. Percentage of intact acrosomes of
      spermatozoa was assessed in selected treatments but did not differ in any
      experiment. Sodium triethanolamine lauryl sulfate tended to improve
      cryopreservation of spermatozoa. Percentage of motile spermatozoa in milk
      declined when concentrations of dicloxacillin exceeded 200 micrograms/ml or when
      gentamicin, as Gentocin, exceeded 500 micrograms/ml. Minocin was toxic at all
      levels tested in egg yolk and was nontoxic to sperm in milk extender at
      concentrations less than or equal to 100 micrograms/ml. Cephapirin and ceforanide
      were innocuous at all concentrations tested (200 to 2000 micrograms/ml).
      Fertility with cephapirin (500 micrograms/ml) added to an extender containing
      control antibiotics resulted in a 56-d nonreturn rate of 75.5 versus 72.1% for
      the control.

PMID- 3700796
TI  - Effect of drinking water temperature on heat stress of dairy cows.
AB  - Experiments were to determine the effectiveness of chilled drinking water in
      reducing heat stress of lactating dairy cows. Using a 4 X 4 Latin square
      statistical design, 16 cows (4/treatment) were deprived of water from 0800 until
      1400 h at which time they were given chilled water (10, 16, 22 degrees C) or a
      control water (28 degrees C) ad libitum. Cows were rotated weekly among
      treatments. Eight of the cows (2/treatment) were selected at random and monitored
      continuously for body temperature measured in the middle ear near the tympanic
      membrane. The coldest water (10 degrees C) reduced body temperature (.75 degrees
      C) more than 28 degrees C water (.46 degrees C). The coldest water also reduced
      respiration rate and kept body temperatures lower longer. Chilled water was only
      about 32% effective in reducing body temperature, and it is doubtful if the
      effect was prolonged enough (about 2 h) to keep the body temperature of cows from
      rising above the critical temperature of thermoneutrality. Offering chilled water
      at milking time may provide an incentive for the cows to enter the milking
      parlor.

PMID- 3700797
TI  - Somatic cell counts and infection rates for cows of varying somatic cell count in
      initial test of first lactation.
AB  - Somatic cell counts (log, base 2) and rates of infection in first and subsequent
      lactations were examined by classes of somatic cell count in initial test day of
      first lactation to determine if cows with initially low counts were more at risk
      to subsequent mastitis infection. Classes of initial somatic cell counts were
      less than 100,000, 100,000 to 400,000 and greater than 400,000. Differences among
      initial classes in subsequent cell counts were small, but the initial rank of
      classes was maintained throughout the remainder of first lactations and in
      subsequent lactations. Differences among initial classes for rates of infection
      in first and subsequent lactations consistently favored low initial cell counts.
      Results gave no indication that cows initially low in cell count are at greater
      risk of subsequent mastitis infection.

PMID- 3700798
TI  - Mineral utilization by the lactating cow--chlorine.
AB  - Although used as a condiment and essential supplement since pre-Biblical times,
      chlorine as a part of the molecule salt has received little research effort by
      large animal nutritionists. Its low cost and the continued popularity of salt as
      a condiment and sodium supplement has precluded the appearance of chloride
      deficiencies. There is great variation in the chloride and sodium content of
      feedstuffs fed to lactating cows so that some formulations require no
      supplemental chloride or sodium. Chloride is highly available from feedstuffs,
      and when dietary chloride is low, the cow can reduce sharply her losses of
      chloride in urine, feces, skin secretions, and to some degree in milk. Clinical
      symptoms of chloride deficiency in the lactating cow include pica, lethargy,
      anorexia, lowered milk yield, constipation, and cardiovascular depression.
      Metabolic changes are expressed as a severe primary hypochloremia, secondary
      hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis. Requirement for chloride by the lactating
      cow is about .20%; a working allowance of .25% seems reasonable for cows in
      positive energy balance. With gradual resolution of the requirements for chloride
      and more data on chloride in feedstuffs, use of supplemental salt for either
      sodium or chloride can be reduced greatly.

PMID- 3700799
TI  - Eighty-first annual meeting of the American Dairy Science Association. June 23
      26, 1986. Abstracts.

PMID- 3700800
TI  - Causes of sexual dysfunction: the role of anxiety and cognitive interference.

PMID- 3700801
TI  - Multivariate assessment of sexual dysfunction.

PMID- 3700802
TI  - Treatment of sexual dysfunction.

PMID- 3700804
TI  - Theory and treatment in child molestation.

PMID- 3700803
TI  - Chronic physical illness and sexual behavior: psychological issues.

PMID- 3700805
TI  - Psychosocial outcomes of sex reassignment surgery.

PMID- 3700806
TI  - Efficacy of a social problem-solving therapy approach for unipolar depression.

PMID- 3700807
TI  - Risk principle of case classification and the prevention of residential
      placements: an outcome evaluation of the share the parenting program.

PMID- 3700808
TI  - Behavioral and cognitive effects of a moral reasoning development intervention
      for high-risk behavior-disordered adolescents.

PMID- 3700809
TI  - Psychiatric ward behavior and length of stay in adolescent and young adult
      inpatients: a developmental approach to prediction.

PMID- 3700810
TI  - Multimodal assessment of impulsiveness in abusing, neglecting, and nonmaltreating
      mothers and their preschool children.

PMID- 3700811
TI  - Maternal perceptions of child maladjustment as a function of the combined
      influence of child behavior and maternal depression.

PMID- 3700812
TI  - The hopelessness scale for children: psychometric characteristics and concurrent
      validity.

PMID- 3700813
TI  - After analysis: a study of transference dreams following treatment.

PMID- 3700814
TI  - Factor analysis of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory.

PMID- 3700815
TI  - Diagnostic interview for borderlines: psychometric properties and validity.

PMID- 3700816
TI  - Differential impact of brain damage and depression on memory test performance.

PMID- 3700817
TI  - Situational influences on the predictive value of client behavior: implication
      for Bayesian prediction.

PMID- 3700818
TI  - Can religion make you crazy? Impact of client and therapist religious values on
      clinical judgments.

PMID- 3700819
TI  - Playroom observations of activity level and sustained attention: two-year
      stability.

PMID- 3700820
TI  - National study of the effects of clients' socioeconomic status on clinical
      psychologists' professional judgments.

PMID- 3700821
TI  - Laser controversy.

PMID- 3700822
TI  - Chemical face peeling.

PMID- 3700823
TI  - Merkel cell carcinoma: a challenge.
AB  - A 70-year-old man presented with an enlarging, recurrent tumor of the left
      buttock which, on initial biopsies, was interpreted as a histiocytic malignant
      lymphoma. Further biopsies showed numerous monomorphic, hyperchromatic,
      noncohesive cells, arranged in compact sheets, throughout the dermis, the fat,
      and the underlying muscle. Neuron specific enolase stain for neuroendocrine
      granules was positive. Electron microscopy showed cytoplasmic perinuclear
      microfilaments and round membrane-bound dense core granules. The histologic,
      enzymatic, and ultrastructural findings confirmed the diagnosis of Merkel cell
      carcinoma. Early diagnosis and treatment are imperative for a favorable outcome.

PMID- 3700824
TI  - Carcinoma in situ of the glans penis and distal urethra.
AB  - A case is presented of erythroplasia of Queyrat involving the distal glans penis
      surrounding the urethral meatus. Therapy with topical 5-fluorouracil was followed
      by recurrence within 14 months. Treatment by excision utilizing the Mohs
      technique demonstrated carcinoma in situ of over 5 cm of the distal urethra.
      Plastic surgical reconstruction produced a cosmetically and functionally normal
      penis.

PMID- 3700825
TI  - Cranial invasion by basal cell carcinoma.
AB  - The direct spread of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) into the bones of the cranium
      takes a long period. In its early stages, it may not be detectable by radiography
      or computerized tomography, but can be visible as pitting during surgery.
      Invasion through the thickness of the calvarium due to extension of a BCC of the
      scalp, or involvement of the cribriform plate by spread from an intranasal
      lesion, is serious. Examples of cranial invasion by BCC are presented. The
      methods used in diagnosis and treatment are outlined.

PMID- 3700826
TI  - Micrographic surgery for satellites and in-transit metastases of malignant
      melanoma.
AB  - Satellites and in-transit metastases do not always forebode the systemic
      dissemination of malignant melanoma. Five patients with varying numbers of these
      lesions were successfully treated with the fixed-tissue technique of micrographic
      surgery. This method permits the excision of these embolic foci with a minimal
      risk of further dissemination. It is important that the lesions be detected and
      removed as early as possible.

PMID- 3700827
TI  - Psoriasis: disease of epidermis or dermis?
AB  - Psoriasis is considered a disease of the epidermis. Two lesions of basal cell
      carcinoma in patches of psoriasis were excised by Mohs microscopically controlled
      surgery. As healing occurred by second intention, reepithelization of the surface
      must have taken place from the surface epidermis of the surrounding psoriatic
      skin. The scarred areas remained free of psoriasis for many years. This
      emphasizes the role of a dermal factor in the development of psoriasis.

PMID- 3700828
TI  - Nonsurgical management of an electrical burn of the scalp.
AB  - The remarkable regenerative capability of the scalp reduces the need for skin
      grafting in electrical burns of this area. We report on a deep 7.5 cm electrical
      burn of the scalp which healed completely under conservative management with 20%
      urea compresses, benzoyl peroxide gel, and systemic erythromycin.

PMID- 3700829
TI  - Spontaneous regression of metastatic malignant melanoma.
AB  - Spontaneous regression of metastatic malignant melanoma is rare. A case is
      presented here. The primary lesion, a lentigo maligna melanoma of the face,
      recurred after excision and metastasized to the parotid and upper cervical lymph
      nodes, and to the lungs. The patient declined further therapy. There was no
      clinical or radiologic evidence of metastasis 1 year later.

PMID- 3700830
TI  - Tinea nigra masquerading as acral lentiginous melanoma.
AB  - Tinea nigra is a superficial mycosis that may mimic serious pigmentary lesions. A
      lesion recently encountered on the foot was suspected of being a malignant
      melanoma. Histologic and mycologic studies, done after a biopsy was obtained,
      demonstrated Exophilia werneckii in the stratum corneum. Tinea nigra should be
      considered in the diagnosis of pigmented lesions of the hands and feet. A KOH
      examination is a simple and rapid means of demonstrating this entity.

PMID- 3700831
TI  - Metastatic basal cell carcinoma.
AB  - Metastatic basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is rare and the cutaneous lesions in such
      cases are long-standing and grossly neglected. In order to establish the
      diagnosis, certain criteria have to be satisfied. A case of BCC of the scalp that
      metastasized to the lungs is here reported.

PMID- 3700832
TI  - Hutchinson's sign.
AB  - Hutchinson's sign--pigmentation of the periungual tissues--is a valuable clue to
      the diagnosis of subungual melanoma. When present, this sign indicates malignant
      melanoma, however minimal the pigmentation or the histology may be. An
      illustrative case is presented.

PMID- 3700833
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma in hemangioma of lip.
AB  - A deeply invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the right vermilion border of the
      lip superposed on a nevus flammeus (port-wine stain) was excised by the Mohs
      micrographic surgery, fixed-tissue technique. The course was uneventful and the
      final cosmesis was good.

PMID- 3700834
TI  - [New criteria for the evaluation of microorganism response to environmental
      pollution with heavy metals].

PMID- 3700835
TI  - Sodium balance and osmolarity in burn patients.
AB  - In 12 severely burned patients the input of fluid and sodium, as well as sodium
      concentration in plasma and urine, was studied. The osmolarity in plasma and 24-h
      urine was measured. The high initial sodium input is noted. Plasma sodium levels
      stay within the normal range when the amount of sodium given during the further
      treatment is reduced. The importance of urea production in affecting plasma
      osmolarity is demonstrated.

PMID- 3700836
TI  - Continuous clinical monitoring with ion-selective electrodes. A feasible or
      desirable objective?
AB  - Ion-selective electrodes have been developed for the continuous monitoring of
      blood cations and pH. The background to this development, technical requirements
      for these systems and possible advantages and disadvantages of their use are
      discussed.

PMID- 3700837
TI  - Inhalation of a minitracheotomy tube.
AB  - Inhalation of a minitracheotomy tube during sputum aspiration in a patient with
      sputum retention is reported. Precautionary measures in the insertion and
      management of a minitracheotomy tube are discussed.

PMID- 3700838
TI  - Hemoperfusion in severe dimethoate poisoning.

PMID- 3700839
TI  - Acute renal failure.

PMID- 3700840
TI  - Improvement of cardiac output estimation by the thermodilution method during
      mechanical ventilation.
AB  - The reliability of cardiac output estimation by thermodilution during artificial
      ventilation was studied in anesthetized pigs at the right side of the heart. The
      estimates exhibited a cyclic modulation related to the ventilation. The amplitude
      of the modulation was independent of the level of positive end-expiratory
      pressure, ventilatory pattern and volemic loading of the animals. However, a non
      constant phase relation existed between the ventilatory cycle and the modulation.
      Single observations at a fixed moment in the ventilatory cycle are therefore not
      appropriate for estimation of mean cardiac output nor for studying its relative
      changes. The averaging of estimates spread equally over the ventilatory cycle led
      to a much larger reduction in the deviation of the averages from the mean cardiac
      output than an averaging procedure of randomly selected estimates. The accuracy
      of estimation of mean cardiac output by two estimates equally spread in the
      ventilatory cycle was equal to the accuracy obtained by averaging five randomly
      selected estimates. Averaging four estimates, equally spread in the cycle,
      appeared to be the optimal procedure. For 89% of all averages an accuracy of 5%
      around the mean was obtained and for 99% an accuracy of +/- 10%.

PMID- 3700841
TI  - Study of hypotonic polyuria after trans-sphenoidal pituitary adenomectomy.
AB  - We have studied the postoperative diuresis patterns in 116 patients following the
      removal of a pituitary adenoma using the trans-sphenoidal approach. We observed a
      normal diuresis (ND) in 55 patients and a hypotonic polyuria (HP) in 61 patients,
      consisting of water elimination (WE = 45 cases) and transient diabetes insipidus
      (DI = 16 cases). We investigated the problem of predicting these patterns from
      eight pre-operative factors by applying stepwise logistic discriminant analysis.
      We demonstrated that DI was significantly associated with a posterior
      localization of the adenoma in the pituitary gland and that WE was more
      frequently observed in cases of suprasellar expansion, in young patients, and in
      prolactin secreting tumors. Finally, we discuss the pathogenic role of these
      factors in the occurrence of HP, taking into account inhibition of vasopressin
      secretion and possible fluid overload.

PMID- 3700842
TI  - Attentional bias in emotional disorders.

PMID- 3700843
TI  - Glossolalia as learned behavior: an experimental demonstration.

PMID- 3700844
TI  - Social support and psychopathology: interrelations with preexisting disorder,
      stress, and personality.

PMID- 3700845
TI  - Attentional versus absorptive processing in hypnotic time estimation.

PMID- 3700846
TI  - Diagnostic criteria for the borderline and schizotypal personality disorders.

PMID- 3700847
TI  - Specificity of depressotypic cognitions in clinical depression.

PMID- 3700848
TI  - Hypnotic analgesia and stress inoculation in the reduction of pain.

PMID- 3700849
TI  - Expressed emotion and communication deviance in the families of schizophrenics.

PMID- 3700850
TI  - Schizophrenic memory-search performance involving nonverbal stimulus properties.

PMID- 3700851
TI  - Use of a metacontrast and a paracontrast procedure to assess the visual
      information processing of hypothetically schizotypic college students.

PMID- 3700852
TI  - Children's judgments and attributions in response to the "mentally retarded"
      label: a developmental approach.

PMID- 3700853
TI  - Effects of methylphenidate on normal children's mood, event-related potentials,
      and performance in memory scanning and vigilance.

PMID- 3700854
TI  - Depression and the response of others: reevaluating the reevaluation.

PMID- 3700855
TI  - Standing wave patterns in the human ear canal used for estimation of acoustic
      energy reflectance at the eardrum.
AB  - Standing wave patterns were measured in the unoccluded ear canals of 13 human
      subjects, for applied pure tones of 3 to 13 kHz. Measurements were made, using a
      probe microphone technique, over a region which could be approximated as a duct
      of constant cross-sectional area. Analysis of the patterns allowed the reflective
      properties of the middle ear to be determined in terms of an acoustic energy
      reflection coefficient, or reflectance, at the eardrum. Over all subjects the
      trend of the results was for the energy reflection coefficient to rise from about
      0.3 at 4 kHz up to 0.8 at 8 kHz, and continue at this value to 13 kHz. There was,
      however, significant intersubject variation, especially at frequencies greater
      than 7 kHz.

PMID- 3700856
TI  - Frequency selectivity of single cochlear-nerve fibers based on the temporal
      response pattern to two-tone signals.
AB  - The physiological basis of auditory frequency selectivity was investigated by
      recording the temporal response patterns of single cochlear-nerve fibers in the
      cat. The characteristic frequency and sharpness of tuning was determined for low
      frequency cochlear-nerve fibers with two-tone signals whose frequency components
      were of equal amplitude and starting phase. The measures were compared with those
      obtained with sinusoidal signals. The two-tone characteristic frequency (2TCF) is
      defined as the arithmetic-center frequency at which the fiber is synchronized to
      both signal frequencies in equal measure. The 2TCF closely corresponds to the
      characteristic frequency as determined by the frequency threshold curve.
      Moreover, the 2TCF changes relatively little (2%-12%) over a 60-dB intensity
      range. The 2TCF generally shifts upward with increasing intensity for cochlear
      nerve fibers tuned to frequencies below 1 kHz and shifts downward as a function
      of intensity for units with characteristic frequencies (CF's) above 1 kHz. The
      shifts in the 2TCF are considerably smaller than those observed with sinusoidal
      signals. Filter functions were derived from the synchronization pattern to the
      two-tone signal by varying the frequency of one of the components over the
      fiber's response area while maintaining the other component at the 2TCF. The
      frequency selectivity of the two-tone filter function was determined by dividing
      the vector strength to the variable frequency signal by the vector strength to
      the CF tone. The filter function was measured 10 dB down from the peak (2T Q 10
      dB) and compared with the Q 10 dB of the frequency threshold curve. The
      correlation between the two measures of frequency selectivity was 0.72. The 2T Q
      10 dB does change as a function of intensity. The magnitude and direction of the
      change is dependent on the sharpness of tuning at low and moderate sound-pressure
      levels (SPL's). The selectivity of the more sharply tuned fibers (2T Q 10 dB
      greater than 3) diminishes at intensities above 60 dB SPL. However, the
      broadening of selectivity is relatively small in comparison to discharge rate
      based measures of selectivity. The selectivity of the more broadly tuned units
      remains unchanged or improves slightly at similar intensity levels. The present
      data indicate that the frequency selectivity and tuning of low-frequency cochlear
      nerve fibers are relatively stable over a 60-dB range of SPL's when measured in
      terms of their temporal discharge properties.

PMID- 3700857
TI  - Auditory filter shapes in subjects with unilateral and bilateral cochlear
      impairments.
AB  - The shape of the auditory filter was estimated at three center frequencies, 0.5,
      1.0, and 2.0 kHz, for five subjects with unilateral cochlear impairments.
      Additional measurements were made at 1.0 kHz using one subject with a unilateral
      impairment and six subjects with bilateral impairments. Subjects were chosen who
      had thresholds in the impaired ears which were relatively flat as a function of
      frequency and ranged from 15 to 70 dB HL. The filter shapes were estimated by
      measuring thresholds for sinusoidal signals (frequency f) in the presence of two
      bands of noise, 0.4 f wide, one above and one below f. The spectrum level of the
      noise was 50 dB (re: 20 mu Pa) and the noise bands were placed both symmetrically
      and asymmetrically about the signal frequency. The deviation of the nearer edge
      of each noise band from f varied from 0.0 to 0.8 f. For the normal ears, the
      filters were markedly asymmetric for center frequencies of 1.0 and 2.0 kHz, the
      high-frequency branch being steeper. At 0.5 kHz, the filters were more symmetric.
      For the impaired ears, the filter shapes varied considerably from one subject to
      another. For most subjects, the lower branch of the filter was much less steep
      than normal. The upper branch was often less steep than normal, but a few
      subjects showed a near normal upper branch. For the subjects with unilateral
      impairments, the equivalent rectangular bandwidth of the filter was always
      greater for the impaired ear than for the normal ear at each center frequency.
      For three subjects at 0.5 kHz and one subject at 1.0 kHz, the filter had too
      little selectivity for its shape to be determined.

PMID- 3700858
TI  - Frequency discrimination as a function of tonal duration and excitation-pattern
      slopes in normal and hearing-impaired listeners.
AB  - Frequency difference limens were determined as a function of stimulus duration in
      five normal-hearing and seven hearing-impaired subjects. The frequency DL
      duration functions obtained from normal-hearing subjects were similar to those
      reported by Liang and Chistovich [Sov. Phys. Acoust. 6, 75-80 (1961)]. As
      duration increased, the DL's improved rapidly over a range of short durations,
      improved more gradually over a middle range of durations, and reached an
      asymptote around 200 ms. The functions obtained from the hearing-impaired
      subjects were similar to those from normal subjects over the middle and longer
      duration, but did not display the rapid changes at short durations. The paper
      examines the ability of a variation of Zwicker's excitation-pattern model of
      frequency discrimination to explain these duration effects. Most, although not
      all, of the effects can be adequately explained by the model.

PMID- 3700859
TI  - Auditory profile analysis of irregular sound spectra.
AB  - The discrimination of changes in the shapes of sound spectra is reported. The
      change was always an intensity increment to the 948-Hz component of a multitone
      complex. First, the ability of naive listeners to learn to discriminate a change
      in a "regular" background or reference spectrum (equal-level tones equally spaced
      in logarithmic frequency) was measured as a function of the number of trials. On
      the average, threshold improved about 10 dB over 3000 trials, with about 50% of
      the decrease in threshold occurring during the first 750 trials. In a subsequent
      series of experiments, the overall pattern of spectral shape of the background
      was varied randomly. Two kinds of perturbations in spectral shape were employed:
      Randomly choosing the frequencies of the reference spectra and randomly choosing
      the amplitudes of the components of the reference spectra. The experimental
      manipulations involved fixing the random spectra across a block of trials,
      varying the reference spectra from interval to interval of each trial, and
      providing extensive practice in discriminating specific randomly perturbed
      reference spectra. The results of the spectrum-learning and random perturbation
      experiments provide insight into the roles of critical band filtering, sensory
      variability, and short-term and long-term memory representations in auditory
      profile analysis. Further, the appropriateness of the generalization of a simple
      energy detection model is discussed.

PMID- 3700860
TI  - Critical modulation frequency based on detection of AM versus FM tones.
AB  - The ratios between the modulation index (eta) for just noticeable FM of a
      sinusoidally modulated pure tone and the degree of modulation (m) for just
      noticeable AM at the same carrier and the same modulation frequency were measured
      at carrier frequencies of 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 kHz. Signal levels
      were 20 dB SL and 50 dB SPL or 80 dB SPL. At low modulation frequencies, for
      example, 8 Hz, AM and FM elicit very different auditory sensations (i.e., a
      fluctuation in loudness or pitch, respectively). In this case, eta and m show
      different values for just noticeable modulation. Since both stimuli have almost
      equal amplitude spectra if eta equals m (m less than 0.3), the difference in
      detection thresholds reflects differences in the phase relation between carrier
      and sidebands in AM and FM. With increasing modulation frequency, the eta-m ratio
      decreases and reaches unity at a modulation frequency called the "critical
      modulation frequency" (CMF). At modulation frequencies above the CMF, the same
      modulation thresholds are obtained for AM and FM. Therefore, it can be concluded
      that the difference in phase between the two types of stimuli is not perceived in
      this range. At center frequencies below 1 kHz, where phase errors caused by
      headphones and ear canal presumably are small, the CMF is useful in estimating
      critical bandwidth.

PMID- 3700861
TI  - Temporal integration in two species of Old World monkeys: blue monkeys
      (Cercopithecus mitis) and grey-cheeked mangabeys (Cercocebus albigena).
AB  - Changes in auditory sensitivity as a function of signal duration were studied in
      two species of Old World monkeys. Testing was conducted under free-field
      conditions with pure tones 250, 800, 1600, and 4000 Hz in frequency. Test stimuli
      ranged in duration from 35-2000 ms. The results showed that the temporal
      integration functions for the blue monkeys were similar to those reported for
      rhesus monkeys [T. D. Clack, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 40, 1140-1146 (1966)], but
      differed significantly from those for mangabey monkeys and human subjects tested
      in the same apparatus, by the same procedure. Integration functions for humans
      and mangabeys did not differ. It was concluded that some taxonomic groups of
      primates exhibit temporal integration times that are much longer than those
      characteristic of humans, while others do not, and that interspecific differences
      in temporal integration are not readily related to species differences in their
      vocal repertoires.

PMID- 3700862
TI  - The use of acoustical test fixtures for the measurement of hearing protector
      attenuation. Part I: Review of previous work and the design of an improved test
      fixture.
AB  - This paper gives a comprehensive progress report on the development of objective
      methods for measuring the attenuation of hearing protection devices (HPD's), and
      focuses on the use of acoustic test fixtures (ATF's), i.e., artificial heads.
      While there are many publications on ATF's for the evaluation of circumaural
      HPD's (earmuffs), only one serious attempt to construct an ATF for the evaluation
      of intra-aural HPD's (earplugs) could be found. Consequently, no ATF for testing
      earplugs has been standardized so far, while two standardized ATF's currently
      exist for testing earmuffs [see ANSI S3.19-1974 (1975) and ISO/DIS 6290 (1983)].
      Both ATF's are suited, however, only for production testing and are not designed
      for HPD-type testing. It is believed that both ATF's do not provide sufficiently
      high accuracy for HPD-type testing. A new ATF with appropriate circumaural and
      intra-aural flesh simulations was constructed, including a suitable ear simulator
      and a cast of an average pinna. Objectives for design and construction of the new
      ATF are discussed. The effect of using artificial flesh on the insertion loss of
      earmuffs (max. 5 dB at 125 and/or 250 Hz) and the effect of using a pinna (max.
      12 dB lower insertion loss at 2 kHz) were evaluated.

PMID- 3700863
TI  - Envelope detection of amplitude-modulated high-frequency sinusoidal signals by
      skin mechanoreceptors.
AB  - High-frequency (1000-2000 Hz) sinusoidal vibrations of the skin, which are
      normally imperceptible, induce distinct sensations when amplitude modulation is
      applied in the frequency region around 200 Hz. This phenomenon appears to be
      initiated in the mechanoreceptor, as a result of rectification in the
      mechanoelectrical transduction process. The curve for sensitivity to modulation
      frequency resembles the frequency-sensitivity curve of the Pacini receptor
      system. The low-frequency slope is flatter than that of comparable psychophysical
      frequency-threshold curves for sinusoidal stimuli. This finding suggests that
      mechanical filtering (in the capsule of the Pacinian corpuscle and the
      surrounding skin tissue) contributes to the detection threshold. The
      characteristics of such a mechanical filter are estimated.

PMID- 3700864
TI  - A perceptual model of vowel recognition based on the auditory representation of
      American English vowels.
AB  - A quantitative perceptual model of human vowel recognition based upon
      psychoacoustic and speech perception data is described. At an intermediate
      auditory stage of processing, the specific bark difference level of the model
      represents the pattern of peripheral auditory excitation as the distance in
      critical bands (barks) between neighboring formants and between the fundamental
      frequency (F0) and first formant (F1). At a higher, phonetic stage of processing,
      represented by the critical bark difference level of the model, the transformed
      vowels may be dichotomously classified based on whether the difference between
      formants in each dimension falls within or exceeds the critical distance of 3
      bark for the spectral center of gravity effect [Chistovich et al., Hear. Res. 1,
      185-195 (1979)]. Vowel transformations and classifications correspond well to
      several major phonetic dimensions and features by which vowels are perceived and
      traditionally classified. The F1-F0 dimension represents vowel height, and high
      vowels have F1-F0 differences within 3 bark. The F3-F2 dimension corresponds to
      vowel place of articulation, and front vowels have F3-F2 differences of less than
      3 bark. As an inherent, speaker-independent normalization procedure, the model
      provides excellent vowel clustering while it greatly reduces between-speaker
      variability. It offers robust normalization through feature classification
      because gross binary categorization allows for considerable acoustic variability.
      There was generally less formant and bark difference variability for closely
      spaced formants than for widely spaced formants. These findings agree with
      independently observed perceptual results and support Stevens' quantal theory of
      vowel production and perceptual constraints on production predicted from the
      critical bark difference level of the model.

PMID- 3700865
TI  - Phoneme boundaries in normal and hearing-impaired ears.
AB  - Two experiments are reported which explore variables that may complicate the
      interpretation of phoneme boundary data from hearing-impaired listeners. Fourteen
      synthetic consonant-vowel syllables comprising a/ba-da-ga/ continuum were used as
      stimuli. The first experiment examined the influence of presentation level and
      ear of presentation in normal-hearing subjects. Only small differences in the
      phoneme boundaries and labeling functions were observed between ears and across
      presentation levels. Thus monaural presentation and relatively high signal level
      do not appear to be complicating factors in research with hearing-impaired
      listeners, at least for these stimuli. The second experiment described a test
      procedure for obtaining phoneme boundaries in some hearing-impaired listeners
      that controlled for between-subject sources of variation unrelated to hearing
      impairment and delineated the effects of spectral shaping imposed by the hearing
      impairment on the labeling functions. Labeling data were obtained from
      unilaterally hearing-impaired listeners under three test conditions: in the
      normal ear without any signal distortion; in the normal ear listening through a
      spectrum shaper that was set to match the subject's suprathreshold audiometric
      configuration; and in the impaired ear. The reduction in the audibility of the
      distinctive acoustic/phonetic cues seemed to explain all or part of the effects
      of the hearing impairment on the labeling functions of some subjects. For many
      other subjects, however, other forms of distortion in addition to reduced
      audibility seemed to affect their labeling behavior.

PMID- 3700866
TI  - Resonances of a bent vocal tract.
AB  - Analyses of wave propagation in a vocal tract invariably assume the tract to be a
      variable area tube with a straight axis. No estimates appear to be available of
      the effect of curvature of the tract on its resonances (or, equivalently, on its
      transfer function). For arbitrarily varying cross section, the computation is
      difficult. However, one can choose an idealized bent vocal tract with a uniform
      cross section for which the wave equation is separable. The resonance frequencies
      for such a bent tract are computed and compared to those of the corresponding
      straight tract. The comparison shows that for typical dimensions of the tract the
      shift in the resonance frequencies below 4 kHz is in the range of 2%-8%.

PMID- 3700867
TI  - Reactions of bowhead whales, Balaena mysticetus, to seismic exploration in the
      Canadian Beaufort Sea.
AB  - The behavioral reactions of bowhead whales to distant seismic vessels not under
      our control, a controlled approach by a seismic vessel, and controlled tests with
      a single airgun were observed. On 21 occasions in the summers of 1980-84, general
      activities of bowheads exposed to pulses of underwater noise (107-158 dB re: 1 mu
      Pa) from seismic vessels 6-99 km away were observed. Activities were
      indistinguishable from those without seismic noise; there was no detectable
      avoidance. Hints of subtle changes in surfacing, respiration, and diving behavior
      were unconfirmed, but were consistent with reactions to stronger noise pulses
      from closer seismic boats. In a test with a full-scale seismic boat (30 airguns
      totaling 471, source level 248 dB re: 1 mu Pa, closest point of approach = 1 1/2
      km), bowheads began to orient away when the airgun array began to fire 7 1/2 km
      away. However, some whales continued apparent near-bottom feeding until the
      vessel was 3 km away. Whales were displaced by about 2 km. Reactions were not
      much stronger than those to any conventional vessel. Tests with one 0.66-1 airgun
      showed that some bowheads move away from sources of strong seismic impulses even
      in the absence of boat noise, and that bowheads can detect the direction from
      which seismic impulses arrive. In general, bowheads exhibit avoidance reactions
      when they receive seismic pulses stronger than about 160 dB re: 1 mu Pa. Evidence
      of reactions to lower received levels remains inconclusive.

PMID- 3700868
TI  - Articulatory asymmetries.
AB  - Tongue contact patterns for /s/ and /l/ were investigated using dynamic
      palatography. Both spatial and temporal asymmetries were commonly found extending
      into the vocalic transitions for these consonants. Implications for the adequacy
      of tongue motion data taken in a single midsagittal plane are discussed, as well
      as for articulatory interpretation of speech signals and speaker recognition
      applications.

PMID- 3700869
TI  - Visual feedback during speech production.
AB  - The question of whether visual information can affect ongoing speech production
      arises from numerous studies demonstrating an interaction between auditory and
      visual information during speech perception. In a preliminary study, the effect
      of delayed visual feedback on speech production was examined. Two of the 13
      subjects demonstrated speech errors that were directly related to the delayed
      visual signal. However, in the main experiment, providing immediate visual
      feedback of the articulators did not diminish the effects of delayed auditory
      feedback for 11 speakers.

PMID- 3700870
TI  - Fundamental frequency patterns during spontaneous picture description.
AB  - This study was conducted to determine if fundamental voice frequency (F0)
      decreases throughout the course of spontaneously produced sentences, and if so,
      to compare the declination pattern associated with spontaneously produced
      sentences to the declination pattern which is reliably found when speakers read
      isolated sentences aloud. A picture description task was used to elicit original
      sentences of the speakers' own formulation while still providing considerable
      experimental control over the semantic content and syntactic structure of the
      sentences. Five speakers each formulated and produced five sentences in the
      picture description task and read aloud five matched sentences. F0 declination
      reliably occurred in one- and two-clause sentences in spontaneous speech and oral
      reading. There were no differences between the declination slopes in the two
      speech modes. We concluded that the domain of F0 declination is not strictly
      limited to read speech. Comparison of these findings with other recent reports
      suggests that declination is characteristic of sentences spoken in isolation but
      not of lengthy passages, independent of whether the speaker is reading aloud or
      speaking spontaneously.

PMID- 3700871
TI  - A distribution based definition of impulse noise.
AB  - Determining when a worksite exposure should be considered impulsive is a problem
      which has complicated both research into mechanisms of auditory pathology and
      protection of the exposed worker. An ideal solution requires that a definition of
      impulsive noise be developed which is independent of specific characteristics
      such as duration and amplitude. As an alternative to duration independence, a
      fixed time window over which a statistic is calculated may also serve as a basis
      for classification. Additionally, selecting this window on the basis of TTS
      production in the ear provides a biological basis for the definition of
      impulsiveness. Classification of impulsiveness based on the sample kurtosis meets
      the requirements of a generally applicable impulse definition.

PMID- 3700872
TI  - The 111th meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, Cleveland, Ohio, 12-16
      May 1986. Abstracts.

PMID- 3700873
TI  - Stress management: evaluating a preventive approach for college students.

PMID- 3700874
TI  - Computer training programs for health center personnel: a program that works.

PMID- 3700875
TI  - An overview of the medical problems of musicians.

PMID- 3700876
TI  - "Rationality" as a moderator between life events and illness.

PMID- 3700877
TI  - A longitudinal health care study: international versus domestic students.

PMID- 3700878
TI  - Symbiosis between educational and clinical goals.

PMID- 3700879
TI  - The importance of monitoring carbon monoxide levels in indoor ice skating rinks.

PMID- 3700880
TI  - Mental health confidentiality on the small campus.

PMID- 3700881
TI  - Remembering reality: alcohol and drugs.

PMID- 3700882
TI  - Ethical issues in college health: athletic medicine.

PMID- 3700883
TI  - Serum alkaline phosphatase in diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase concentration in patients with diabetes
      mellitus has been observed for several years, but the source and reasons are
      unknown. We report our experience with 39 diabetics, 38% of whom had an
      unexplained elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase. Isoenzyme determinations
      revealed bone fraction as the predominant species. Mean fasting serum glucose was
      significantly higher in the group with elevated alkaline phosphatase, supporting
      an association between the severity of diabetes and diabetic bone disease.

PMID- 3700884
TI  - Magnesium status in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
AB  - We assessed the magnesium status in 67 children with insulin-dependent diabetes
      mellitus (IDDM) in various degrees of diabetic control and its changes during the
      evolution of the disease. This was done by measuring fasting serum magnesium and
      24-hr urinary magnesium clearances when patients were first studied, as well as
      subsequently on follow-up. In 23 of these patients the retention of intramuscular
      magnesium was also assessed in relation to the degree of diabetic control and the
      duration of the illness. The mean +/- SD serum magnesium levels were
      significantly lower in diabetic children as compared to nondiabetic controls
      (1.91 +/- 0.22 vs 2.12 +/- 0.26 mg/dl, p less than 0.001). Serum magnesium in
      diabetic children correlated with glycosylated hemoglobins (r = -0.358, p less
      than 0.001), but not with 24-hr glycosuria (r = -0.296). On follow-up of
      patients, serum magnesium significantly increased when IDDM control improved and
      decreased when the control worsened. Diabetic patients had increased urinary
      magnesium clearances compared to nondiabetic subjects (5.26 +/- 3.58 vs 3.60 +/-
      1.36 cc/min, p less than 0.05). All but five of the 23 patients given the
      magnesium load retained more than 40% of the dose, with a mean +/- SD retention
      of 58.7 +/- 5.1%. There was no correlation between the amount of retained
      magnesium and the duration of the illness, degree of diabetic control, amount of
      glycosuria, magnesuria, magnesemia, glycosylated hemoglobins, or serum lipids.
      The data confirm that lower than control serum magnesium levels occur frequently
      among children with poorly controlled IDDM. Moreover, there might be magnesium
      deficiency in IDDM, as indicated by the high retention of magnesium when given
      intramuscularly. The deficiency of this ion may or may not be accompanied by
      decreased serum magnesium levels and may result from increased urinary magnesium
      losses in children with IDDM.

PMID- 3700885
TI  - Alpha- and gamma tocopherol concentrations in human serum.
AB  - Vitamin E (alpha- and gamma-tocopherol) and total lipid concentrations were
      determined in the serum of 451 healthy human male and female subjects ranging in
      age from 19 to 70 years. Mean serum alpha-tocopherol concentration (microgram/ml)
      was 8.82 +/- 2.84 (SD) and gamma-tocopherol concentration was 1.35 +/- 0.70. The
      concentration of alpha-tocopherol increased significantly with age, as well as
      with total lipid; gamma-tocopherol concentration remained unchanged with age. The
      data also indicated that subjects with higher serum alpha-tocopherol had lower
      gamma-tocopherol levels and vice versa for subjects with higher gamma levels. A
      close interrelationship and competition appeared to exist between these two
      vitamers.

PMID- 3700886
TI  - Position Statement: American Academy of Allergy and Immunology. The remote
      practice of allergy.

PMID- 3700887
TI  - The heart in anaphylaxis.

PMID- 3700888
TI  - Pupillary responses and airway reactivity in asthma.
AB  - Pupillary responses to phenylephrine and carbachol and airway reactivity were
      determined in 19 drug-free persons with mild allergic asthma, 21 nonatopic
      control subjects, and six asymptomatic atopic control subjects. The concentration
      of phenylephrine required to dilate the pupil 1 mm, obtained by interpolation on
      the dose-response curve, was taken as a measure of alpha-adrenergic sensitivity.
      This concentration was significantly lower for subjects with asthma than for
      atopic or nonatopic control subjects (1.11 +/- 0.68% [mean +/- SD], 1.86 +/-
      0.81%, and 1.52 +/- 0.67%, respectively; p less than 0.05 by analysis of
      variance). The concentration of carbachol required for pupillary constriction of
      1 mm, obtained by interpolation on the dose-response curve, was taken as a
      measure of cholinergic sensitivity. This value was significantly lower for
      subjects with asthma than for atopic or nonatopic control subjects (0.23 +/-
      0.12%, 0.41 +/- 0.14%, and 0.35 +/- 0.19%, respectively; p less than 0.05 by
      analysis of variance). Pupillary alpha-adrenergic and cholinergic sensitivity
      were significantly correlated (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, Rs =
      0.42, p less than 0.05). Both alpha-adrenergic and cholinergic sensitivity of the
      pupils correlated with airway reactivity expressed as concentration of
      methacholine causing a 20% fall in FEV1 (Rs = 0.35, p less than 0.05, and Rs =
      0.45, p less than 0.05, respectively). The autonomic aberrations cannot be
      attributed to drug use or significantly abnormal pulmonary mechanics. Autonomic
      abnormalities are associated with allergic asthma and may contribute to the
      airway reactivity characteristic of the disease.

PMID- 3700889
TI  - Analysis of plasma histamine: a modification of the enzymatic isotopic assay.
AB  - The enzymatic isotopic analysis of histamine requires extraction and
      concentration of [3H]-1-methylhistamine from the reaction mixture. The assay was
      modified to include enzymatic reaction at 0 degrees C to reduce blank values and
      direct application of protein-free reaction mixture to a thin-layer
      chromatography plate for isolating of the product. The analysis was quantitative
      down to 100 pg/ml of histamine, adequate for monitoring plasma histamine content.

PMID- 3700890
TI  - Seasonal variation of airway function in allergic rhinitis.
AB  - We set out to examine seasonal variation in airway bronchoconstriction in
      patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Airway conductance and response to
      methacholine challenge were measured during pollen season, as well as in winter
      when pollen exposure was not present. Airway conductance and spirometry were
      performed on 17 subjects during allergy season and in winter. In eight of these
      subjects the measurements were repeated in the successive allergy season.
      Methacholine bronchoprovocation was performed on 17 of the subjects in winter and
      in eight subjects in allergy season. We found airway constriction in both allergy
      seasons as evidenced by specific airway conductance (SGaw) of 0.188 +/- 0.06 and
      0.203 +/- 0.03. In contrast, SGaw during winter was 0.27 +/- 0.11. When winter
      and summer seasons were compared, both summer SGaw values were significantly
      lower than winter SGaw, p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.05, respectively. Mean
      airway sensitivity to methacholine during allergy season was 16.1 breath units
      and not different than out of season 11.7 breath units; p = NS. The reactivity to
      methacholine (slope of the dose-response curve) and spirometry (FVC, FEV1,
      FEV1/FVC) in and out of allergy season were likewise not different. The data
      indicate that patients with allergic rhinitis have unique physiologic behavior
      separating them from patients with asthma or normal subjects. They develop
      seasonal bronchoconstriction unassociated with clinical bronchospasm, but this
      seasonal bronchoconstriction does not potentiate their sensitivity to
      methacholine. However, they have increased airway sensitivity to methacholine,
      and this feature distinguishes them from normal subjects.

PMID- 3700891
TI  - A qualitative and quantitative analysis of proteins found in vespid venoms.
AB  - Diagnosis and immunotherapy with venom extracts of patients sensitive to
      Hymenoptera stings has led to the problem of improving the standardization of
      Hymenoptera venom products. Current methods of standardization use the Lowry
      protein determination and a radial-diffusion assay for hyaluronidase activity.
      This study demonstrates that the results of these analyses do not always
      correlate with the actual quantity of allergenic protein present in the extracts.
      A method of standardization is examined herein that uses polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis to quantitate phospholipase A, antigen 5, and hyaluronidase, the
      proteins that together comprise most allergenic protein present in the venoms.
      Also discussed in this study is the biochemical variability of phospholipase A
      and antigen 5 in the venoms of the different vespid species examined.

PMID- 3700892
TI  - Some indications for depot methylprednisolone for asthma or other severe allergic
      disease.
AB  - Corticosteroid-dependent asthma is asthma of such severity that function of the
      patient cannot be maintained without long-term corticosteroid therapy.
      Occasionally, the optimal alternative day single-dose prednisone regimen that is
      preferable is not possible because of the inability of patients to comply with
      such a regimen. We describe cases in which we have to advise depot
      methylprednisolone to prevent potentially fatal asthma or vasculitis, although
      this type of therapy is suboptimal in terms of avoiding sustained corticosteroid
      levels in tissue, adrenal cortical suppression, and potential side effects. The
      decision to use depot corticosteroids was made after exhausting other
      alternatives and considering the risk and benefit ratio.

PMID- 3700893
TI  - In vivo study of the complement system during infusion of radiographic contrast
      media.
AB  - It has been claimed that activation of the complement system may play a role in
      reaction to radiographic contrast media (RCM) infusion. In order to clarify the
      effects of RCM on the complement system, three different parameters (CH50, C3a,
      and C1 inhibitor) were measured in 20 patients undergoing intravenous pyelography
      for diagnostic purposes. We found no significant changes in C3a levels, but CH50
      and C1 inhibitor fell significantly at the different sampling times; however, the
      decreases lost significance when the data were corrected for hemodilution with
      the total protein content of each sample as a reference. We conclude that RCM
      infusion does not activate the complement system.

PMID- 3700894
TI  - Positive allergy prick tests associated with bronchial histamine responsiveness
      in an unselected population.
AB  - Bronchial responsiveness to histamine and skin prick test reactions to airborne
      allergens were measured in a random population sample of 891 adults and 1293
      schoolchildren. Total serum IgE concentrations were measured in a subset of 389
      adults. The prevalence of bronchial histamine responsiveness (BHR) in the adults
      increased from 5.8% in those who did not respond to allergen prick tests to 22.2%
      in those who responded to all five allergen groups (p less than 0.00001).
      Similarly, the prevalence of BHR in the children increased progressively from
      3.5% to 35.3% as the number of positive allergen responses increased from zero
      through five (p less than 0.0001). In adults for whom IgE data were also
      available, those with BHR had a significantly higher total serum IgE
      concentration (p less than 0.002).

PMID- 3700895
TI  - Enhanced eosinophil luminol-dependent chemiluminescence in allergic rhinitis.
AB  - Eosinophils were isolated from patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis, and
      their functional activity was evaluated by their luminol-dependent
      chemiluminescence (CL) response to opsonized zymosan and phorbol 12-myristate 13
      acetate (PMA). We found that eosinophils from patients with allergic rhinitis
      produced a significantly greater CL response to opsonized zymosan than did normal
      cells. Eosinophils from both subjects with allergic rhinitis and control subjects
      were isolated to a purity of 95% and elicited peak values of 1,101, 901 +/-
      133,708 cpm/5 X 10(5) cells (n = 7) and 417,278 +/- 25,910 cpm/5 X 10(5) cells (n
      = 5), respectively. The enhanced eosinophil CL to zymosan was found at times when
      the patients were maximally symptomatic with hay fever symptoms to ragweed pollen
      and again when they were asymptomatic. Eosinophils from these patients with
      allergic rhinitis also had enhanced CL to PMA (0.01 mcg/ml), but this increased
      activity was largely limited to times of hay fever symptoms. No correlation was
      found between enhanced eosinophil CL activity and the number of circulating
      eosinophils in allergic individuals. In contrast to the increased eosinophil
      activity, neutrophil CL to zymosan and PMA was similar in allergic and normal
      individuals throughout the study. These data provide evidence for the existence
      of enhanced oxidative metabolic function in eosinophils from patients with
      allergic rhinitis and raise the possibility that this particular activity is
      important in hay fever.

PMID- 3700896
TI  - Evaluation of the cause of nasal and ocular symptoms associated with lawn mowing.
AB  - A number of individuals with perennial or seasonal rhinoconjunctivitis state that
      their symptoms may suddenly worsen on exposure to lawn mowing. Many allergists
      have believed that this was related to the agitation of molds deposited on the
      grass. We studied 50 consecutive new patients with rhinitis using history, skin
      testing, total and specific IgE assays, and nasal smears. Twenty-five patients
      gave histories of minimal or no change in their nasal symptoms with exposure to
      lawn mowing, whereas 11 patients had definite, but mild, symptoms, and 14
      patients had severe symptoms. Positive skin tests to grasses, trees, and weed
      pollens were more frequent in those patients with symptoms exacerbated by lawn
      mowing (p less than 0.03). Symptomatic patients also had higher serum
      concentrations of total IgE (p less than 0.008) and grass-pollen specific IgE (p
      = 0.0004). The frequencies of positive skin tests to ragweed pollens, house dust,
      molds, and grass leaves, as well as the percentage of nasal eosinophils, were not
      different in the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups. No significant association
      was found between symptoms and IgE antibodies to molds or grass-leaf extract. We
      believe that the increased nasal and ocular symptoms coincident with lawn mowing
      are allergic phenomena significantly associated with skin test sensitivity and
      specific IgE antibodies to grass pollens but not with sensitivity or specific IgE
      to molds or grass-leaf extract.

PMID- 3700897
TI  - Guidelines for venom immunotherapy.

PMID- 3700898
TI  - Hyperosmolarity as the stimulus to asthma induced by hyperventilation?
AB  - Hyperosmolarity of the epithelial fluid of the large airways caused by
      evaporative water loss (wloss) has been proposed as the stimulus to exercise
      induced asthma. The aim of this study was to compare the wloss during hyperpnea
      with a theoretical wloss from a known hypertonic stimulus in order to determine
      whether comparable volumes of wloss will induce the same response. Since wloss
      also occurs during isocapnic hyperventilation (ISH), we decided to compare the
      airway response to ISH with the response obtained after inhaling 4.5% NaCl
      aerosol. Changes in FEV1 were measured in 17 subjects with asthma in response to
      increasing rates of ventilation (ISH) and increasing doses of 4.5% NaCl aerosol.
      For ISH, wloss was calculated at 29 mg/L of expired air and for 4.5% NaCl, at 4.0
      ml/l ml of aerosol inhaled, as this is the volume of water that will bring the
      periciliary fluid to normal tonicity. Two dose-response curves were drawn for
      each subject. These curves were similar both in position (PD20) and in shape
      (i.e., the slope of the curve as estimated by the ratio of wloss for maximum
      recorded percent fall in FEV1 [PDmax] to PD20). There was no significant
      difference in the PD20 (ISH, 10.3 ml, 95% confidence limits 7.5 and 13.9; 4.5%
      NaCl, 12.3 ml, 95% confidence limits 8.9 and 17.1) or between the ratio of log
      PDmax:log PD20 (ISH, 1.19 +/- 1 SD, 0.14; 4.5% NaCl, 1.17 +/- 1 SD, 1.17; p = not
      significant). These findings support the concept that airway hyperosmolarity may
      be the mechanism for ISH and exercise-induced asthma.

PMID- 3700899
TI  - Occupational allergy to honeybee-body dust in a honey-processing plant.
AB  - We studied a honey-plant employee who developed severe asthma coincident with the
      seasonal honey-packing process. Symptoms correlated with duration of exposure
      inside the plant during the honey pack and improved in other environments during
      that season. The patient was asymptomatic inside the plant at other times of the
      year. Skin tests to seasonal outdoor aeroallergens were negative, as were
      inhalation challenges with two insecticides used inside the building during the
      honey pack. Skin test, RAST, and bronchial provocation test with honeybee whole
      body extract were positive. We used high-volume air samplers to collect ambient
      airborne particles on filter sheets outside the patient's home and inside the
      honey plant, both during and after the honey pack. Skin tests, RASTs, and
      bronchial provocation tests with eluates from these filters were positive only to
      eluate from the filter exposed inside the plant during the honey pack. The
      patient's positive honeybee whole body RAST could be inhibited by preincubation
      of her serum with this filter eluate but not by preincubation with eluate from a
      filter exposed outside the patient's home. Collectively, these data support an
      IgE-mediated, seasonal, occupational sensitivity to honeybee-body dust.

PMID- 3700900
TI  - Eosinophilic vasculitis with atypical features.

PMID- 3700901
TI  - Prevalence of house dust mites in nursing homes in southwest Ohio.
AB  - Dermatophagoides spp house dust mites were found to be prevalent in geriatric
      nursing homes in southwestern Ohio. Mite density was lower in nursing homes than
      in private homes in comparable dust-sampling areas and at similar times of the
      year. Generally, fewer mattresses, floors, and articles of furniture were mite
      positive in nursing homes by comparison to private homes. Lower institutional
      mite levels were attributed to frequent linen and mattress cover changes and
      rigorous cleaning practices, coupled with the lack of a favorable mite
      environment provided by high ambient temperatures, low relative humidity, tiled
      or vinyl-covered floors and furniture, and covered or encased mattresses.

PMID- 3700902
TI  - The decay of optimism: the opportunity for change.

PMID- 3700903
TI  - Issues in the classification of pervasive developmental disorders: history and
      current status of nosology.

PMID- 3700904
TI  - Clinical and multivariate approaches to the nosology of pervasive developmental
      disorders.

PMID- 3700905
TI  - Follow-up of "atypical" children--a brief report.

PMID- 3700906
TI  - An evaluation of DSM-III criteria for infantile autism.

PMID- 3700907
TI  - Toward a neuropsychological model of infantile autism: are the social deficits
      primary?

PMID- 3700909
TI  - New diagnostic criteria for autism and related behavioral disorders--guidelines
      for research protocols.

PMID- 3700908
TI  - Issues in the classification of pervasive and other developmental disorders:
      toward DSM-IV.

PMID- 3700910
TI  - The military family in review: context, risk, and prevention.

PMID- 3700911
TI  - School phobia: the overlap of affective and anxiety disorders.

PMID- 3700912
TI  - Overrepresentation of epileptics in a consecutive series of suicide attempters
      seen at a children's hospital, 1978-1983.

PMID- 3700913
TI  - Outcome of child psychotherapy as a function of frequency of session.

PMID- 3700914
TI  - A comparison of symptoms and diagnoses in Hispanic and black children in an
      outpatient mental health clinic.

PMID- 3700915
TI  - Child psychiatric discharges against medical advice.

PMID- 3700916
TI  - Brief child psychiatric evaluation: parental satisfaction and compliance.

PMID- 3700917
TI  - Eating disorders in adolescents with cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 3700918
TI  - Acculturation and eating attitudes in adolescent girls: a comparative and
      correlational study.

PMID- 3700919
TI  - The neuroleptic malignant syndrome in an adolescent.

PMID- 3700921
TI  - Food allergies and sensitivities.

PMID- 3700920
TI  - Side effects of fenfluramine in autistic children.

PMID- 3700922
TI  - Identifying a limited number of foods important in supplying selected dietary
      nutrients.
AB  - Three methods were developed to identify a limited number of foods that are
      important dietary contributors of fat, dietary fiber, and vitamins A, C, and E.
      In the first method, foods were ranked by the amount of each nutrient supplied
      per person per day and the effect each food had on the relative ranking of
      individuals with respect to the intake of those nutrients. Foods scoring high on
      both scales for a given nutrient were selected as important dietary contributors
      of that nutrient. In the second method, foods were selected according to the mean
      nutrient contribution per consumer (nonconsumers of a food were eliminated from
      this estimation procedure). In the third method, foods were selected that
      contributed a relatively large percentage of the total dietary intake of a given
      nutrient. The three methods were applied to data from an extensive dietary
      questionnaire. The authors then compared the limited lists of foods identified by
      each method. Generally, the methods yielded similar food lists. Regression
      analysis was then employed to test the ability of the selected foods to predict
      the nutrient totals calculated from the original, more extensive dietary
      questionnaire. The results suggest that a limited number of foods may have strong
      predictive ability, but that has not been tested in any other population.

PMID- 3700923
TI  - Cluster analysis of food consumption patterns of older Americans.
AB  - This study uses data from the 1977-78 Nationwide Food Consumption Survey (NFCS)
      to develop a classification scheme for differentiating individuals into groups
      that have similar patterns of food consumption. The article examines the
      nutritional adequacy of those food patterns and identifies the socioeconomic
      factors associated with each pattern. Cluster analysis is used to identify the
      food consumption patterns of a nationally representative sample of persons aged
      65 through 74 years. The results indicate that the food patterns of older persons
      can be well categorized as light eaters, heavy eaters, or consumers of large
      amounts of alcoholic beverages, salty snack products, animal fat products,
      legumes, or sweets and desserts. Following those different food patterns leads to
      noteworthy differences in nutrient intakes. Ethnic group membership and residence
      status are found to be the most important socioeconomic factors associated with
      differences in the food patterns followed.

PMID- 3700924
TI  - Vitamin E effect on symptoms and laboratory values in the elderly.
AB  - The effect of vitamin E use on selected medical disorders and laboratory
      parameters was studied in a large ambulatory elderly population. Information
      obtained from a standardized questionnaire concerning reports of numerous
      clinical disorders, such as hypertension, fatigue, and vaginal bleeding, was used
      to determine whether the use of vitamin E predisposed to those conditions. During
      a 2-year period, information was available on 369 vitamin E users and 1,861 non
      users. No differences were noted in the prevalence of reported clinical disorders
      between the two groups, except that men using vitamin E complained more often of
      shortness of breath (p less than .04) and angina (p less than .03). There were no
      significant differences between vitamin E users and controls in any hematologic
      parameters studied. After the groups had been adjusted for age and sex
      differences, only one biochemical parameter, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic
      transaminase (SGOT) in men, was found to be significantly different in vitamin E
      users as compared with controls. Use of vitamin E by the participants in this
      study appeared to have little influence on clinical disorders or hematologic or
      biochemical parameters.

PMID- 3700925
TI  - Gastric partitioning for morbid obesity: postoperative weight loss, technical
      complications, and protein status.
AB  - The study of 325 patients who underwent gastric partitioning (stapling) was
      undertaken to assess the complications and weight-loss records over a 5-year
      period. A subgroup of 15 patients was studied to determine protein status
      preoperatively and 2, 4, and 6 months after surgery. Laboratory tests,
      anthropometric measures, and food records were used to assess patient health and
      nutritional status. Four operative techniques have been used by a surgeon in
      Reno, NV, since 1979. The main postoperative complication in the first two
      procedures, a nonreinforced horizontal staple line (Groups 1 and 2), was staple
      line disruption and, therefore, poor weight-loss results. The staple line was
      reinforced in the next 193 patients (Group 3), and the patients followed a
      blenderized diet for 8 weeks postoperatively. Persistent vomiting was the most
      common problem in that group; 24% required dilatation of the stoma via
      gastroscopy. The vertical staple procedure was adopted for the next 48 patients
      (Group 4) to further minimize disruption and severe vomiting. Other operative
      complications were relatively few. At 48 and 18 months, respectively, Groups 3
      and 4 showed an average weight loss of 27% of the preoperative weight. Eating
      patterns and food tolerances changed dramatically postoperatively, and protein
      intake dropped significantly. Mean protein intakes below standard recommended
      dietary allowance (RDA) were observed in a subgroup of Groups 3 and 4. However,
      the mean total lymphocyte count and albumin values demonstrated that patients
      were not compromising visceral proteins. The mean creatinine height indexes and
      arm muscle areas showed no significant difference in somatic protein
      status.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3700926
TI  - Labor time spent in foodservice activities in one hospital: a 12-year profile.
AB  - Labor minutes per meal equivalent and percentage of time spent in direct work,
      indirect work, delay time, and total time were determined in an annual study of
      foodservice workers in a community hospital. Twelve activity sampling studies
      (from 1973 through 1984) were conducted for 7 days (Monday through Sunday),
      usually during the second week of February. The conventional foodservice, with
      the cook/hot-hold method of food production and service, averaged about 10
      minutes for direct work, 1 minute for indirect work, 2 minutes for delay time,
      and 13 total labor minutes per meal equivalent for the 12 years. The data were
      similar to those of the study in the 1960s, of conventional hospital
      foodservices, with high productivity, which averaged about 11 minutes for direct
      work, 1 minute for indirect work, 2 minutes for delay time, and 14 total labor
      minutes per meal equivalent. Data averaged from the 1973 through 1984 studies
      compared with the data from the 1960s study showed that transportation, cleaning,
      and service required the most labor time (total of 58% in this study and total of
      62% in the 1960s study). Methods reported in this article may be applied in other
      foodservices to identify labor time spent in work and delay activities to
      establish productivity guidelines for a foodservice department.

PMID- 3700927
TI  - Carnitine nutriture of dialysis patients.
AB  - Hemodialysis patients often experience muscle weakness, cardiac arrhythmias, and
      hypertriglyceridemia, along with other conditions that may lead to
      atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. A contributing factor in the etiology
      of the symptoms may be carnitine deficiency. Patients undergoing renal dialysis
      treatment are at risk for developing a carnitine deficiency. The small carnitine
      molecule can be easily lost into the dialysate. A diseased kidney may lead to a
      decrease in the endogenous supply of carnitine since the kidney is a major site
      of carnitine biosynthesis. The diet of dialysis patients may be limiting in
      preformed carnitine as well as in the precursors and micronutrients required for
      carnitine biosynthesis. Both oral and intravenous supplementation of L-carnitine
      have been shown to alleviate muscle weakness, reduce the incidence and severity
      of arrhythmias, and decrease plasma triglyceride levels, along with alleviating
      other complications noted in dialysis patients. Health care professionals must be
      aware of the possible benefits of providing carnitine supplementation for renal
      dialysis patients.

PMID- 3700928
TI  - Developing strategies for food vendor intervention: the first step.

PMID- 3700929
TI  - DOTS: a new tool for teaching the diabetic food exchange system.

PMID- 3700930
TI  - Consistency of energy and nutrient intakes of older adults: 24-hour recall vs. 1
      day food record.

PMID- 3700931
TI  - Results of the 1985 dietetic technician needs assessment survey.

PMID- 3700932
TI  - Effective low dose tricyclic antidepressant treatment for depressed geriatric
      rehabilitation patients. A double-blind study.
AB  - The efficacy of low doses (10 to 20 mg daily) of doxepin in the treatment of
      depressive disorders in elderly inpatients was assessed by a double-blind study
      in 24 patients. The patients were treated for a three-week period to test for an
      early response. The Hamilton Depression Scale and the Geriatric Depression Scale
      were used to quantify symptoms of depression. The patients treated with doxepin
      had a significantly greater reduction in depressive symptoms than did those who
      received a placebo. No side effects were found and there were no major
      differences in the degree of physical dependency between the doxepin and placebo
      groups. A depressive disorder is a common occurrence among elderly inpatients and
      the effectiveness of low dose doxepin therapy without demonstrable side effects
      argues for the active treatment for this condition.

PMID- 3700934
TI  - Effects of age and blood pressure on the cardiovascular responses to the Valsalva
      maneuver.
AB  - The present study was performed to obtain basic information as to the influences
      of two fundamental variables, age and blood pressure, on the circulatory
      responses during the Valsalva maneuver. Although a positive linear relationship
      between age and resting systolic blood pressure was present in the study
      population of 90 normal and uncomplicated hypertensive subjects, the pressure
      overshoot and the change in R-R intervals during phase 4 in the Valsalva maneuver
      were significantly inversely related to age or resting systolic blood pressure
      independently of each other variable. Furthermore, age was related negatively to
      the maximum R-R interval in phase 4 and positively to the decline of blood
      pressure post-Valsalva release in phase 3 even after adjusting for the effect of
      blood pressure, but age-independent relationships between these two indexes and
      resting systolic blood pressure were not statistically significant. The data
      indicate that changes in circulatory responses to the Valsalva maneuver occur
      with aging and high blood pressure, suggesting that the sympathetic
      vasoregulation and the baroreflex control of heart rate in the maneuver are
      impaired by these two variables. Such alterations appear to be more strongly
      related to age than to blood pressure level.

PMID- 3700933
TI  - Hyposomatomedinemia in the nursing home patient.
AB  - Plasma somatomedin C (SmC) concentration was compared in three groups of men: 58
      healthy independent men aged 26 to 45 years; 28 independent men aged 52 to 87
      years; and 50 male nursing home residents aged 51 to 95 years. Somatomedin C
      (mean +/- SE) was 0.73 +/- .04 U/mL, 0.41 +/- .03 U/mL, and 0.33 +/- .03 U/mL in
      these three groups, respectively (P less than .05 for the differences between all
      three groups). Somatomedin C less than 0.25 U/mL, a range consistent with severe
      growth hormone deficiency in children, occurred in 0% of the independent younger
      men, in 15% of the independent elderly, and in 37% of the nursing home men.
      Somatomedin C was inversely correlated with age in the independent elderly, but
      the excess of hyposomatomedinemia in the nursing home men was not explained by
      age.

PMID- 3700935
TI  - Rehabilitation home visits.
AB  - This chart review study describes 40 geriatric hip fracture patients focusing on
      the in-home functional and environmental assessment done before discharge from a
      rehabilitation hospital. Patients were aged 65 to 96 years. Before
      hospitalization all ambulated independently and three-quarters required limited
      or no social support. On discharge, none ambulated independently and all required
      support. Discharge plans for three patients were changed by the home visit,
      resulting in two nursing home placements. The role and structure of the
      rehabilitation home visit are outlined together with the common safety
      recommendations and equipment needs. The home visit assessment form is presented.
      The rehabilitation home visit is a practical tool to help achieve successful home
      discharge for elderly hip fracture patients. It is particularly useful in
      discharge planning for elderly patients with hip fracture, amputation, or stroke.

PMID- 3700936
TI  - Dementia of Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Is there a difference?

PMID- 3700937
TI  - "Multi-infarct" dementia. A real entity?

PMID- 3700938
TI  - Rowing together: OARS and teamwork.

PMID- 3700939
TI  - Wife-beating: everyday mayhem and murder.

PMID- 3700940
TI  - Women and AIDS.

PMID- 3700942
TI  - Perspectives on a case of multiple incestuous relationships.

PMID- 3700941
TI  - Financing GME: will residents be paid?

PMID- 3700943
TI  - Attitudes toward women in radiology.

PMID- 3700944
TI  - Gender and the emotional impact of internship.

PMID- 3700945
TI  - Why would a girl go into surgery?

PMID- 3700947
TI  - Visual acuity: an unimportant visual function?

PMID- 3700946
TI  - Thank you, Dr. Bernstein.

PMID- 3700948
TI  - Eye and vision care in Japan.

PMID- 3700949
TI  - Professionalism in optometry.

PMID- 3700950
TI  - Visual disorders in emotionally disturbed children.

PMID- 3700951
TI  - Visual acuity screening of infants and young children with the acuity card
      procedure.
AB  - A new acuity test for infants and young children between 1 and 36 months of age
      is described. The test was used to evaluate the acuities of 66 infants and young
      children during a one-day vision screening. At least one estimate of visual
      acuity was obtained from 63 of the 66 children. Fifty-two of the children
      completed two monocular acuity tests (or two monocular tests plus a binocular
      test). The average total test time for these 52 children was less than 15
      minutes. Results indicate that the acuity card procedure can be used as a
      complement to standard optometric tests for large-scale screening of infants and
      young children.

PMID- 3700952
TI  - Refractive error and preferential looking visual acuity in human infants: a pilot
      study.
AB  - A clinical pilot study comparing refractive error and preferential looking (PL)
      visual acuity in infants 2 to 12 months of age is described. The PL visual acuity
      of 30 normal infants without significant visual disorders was assessed using the
      Acuity Card Procedure. Near retinoscopy was used to determine refractive error.
      Infants of this sample had monocular PL visual acuities similar to those
      established by McDonald et al. in a laboratory setting. Statistical analysis of
      the data for this sample of infants showed that refractive error did not change
      systematically from 2 to 12 months of age. We have found that results obtained
      with the Acuity Card Procedure in a clinical setting agree with infant visual
      acuity as described in the research literature. Refractive error did not
      correlate with changes in PL visual acuity in infants 2 to 12 months of age.

PMID- 3700953
TI  - Ophthalmic applications of circular polarizers.
AB  - Circular polarizing filters have recently been introduced in several ophthalmic
      applications. These applications include clinical instruments for ophthalmoscopy,
      slit-lamp specular microscopy, and fundus photography, as well as consumer
      products such as 3-D movie projection and viewing systems and glare-control
      screens for computer visual display terminals. The nature of circularly polarized
      light and mode of operation of the circular polarizing filters in various
      applications are discussed. In view of the advantages of circular polarizers in
      vectographic applications, the current linearly polarized vectographic systems
      used for binocular testing and visual training should be replaced with circular
      polarizing systems.

PMID- 3700954
TI  - The effect of protective sports eyewear on peripheral visual field and a
      peripheral visual performance task.
AB  - Seven different types of protective sports eyewear were tested to determine
      whether peripheral awareness as measured with a visual performance task were
      affected. Goldmann perimetry and the Wayne Saccadic Fixator with Stik-Up
      attachments were utilized in a repeated measures research design. The sports
      glasses did restrict visual field, but no one pair of glasses were least
      restrictive. The restrictions did not translate into significant differences on
      the performance task. Peripheral visual factors should be taken into account when
      prescribing protective sports eyewear. The importance of proper eye protection in
      sports is also discussed.

PMID- 3700955
TI  - Pictorial cues and enhancement of patient recall of instructions or information.
AB  - Optometrists utilize handouts and pamphlets to facilitate information and
      instruction recall by their patients. A study was conducted to determine the
      effect of using pictorial cues. Thirty-six college students learned fifteen nouns
      in numerical order. In one condition subjects perceived the nouns alone, in
      another they perceived the nouns with illustrations. Half of the subjects in each
      condition were tested immediately after stimuli presentation; the remaining
      subjects were tested after a one-hour delay. It was determined that a picture
      word association occurred, and decreased memory decay (longer memory) occurred
      for compound stimuli. This indicated that visual stimuli can facilitate word
      memory and pictorial cues would, therefore, be beneficial.

PMID- 3700956
TI  - Failure to warn.

PMID- 3700957
TI  - Rehabilitation efforts aid practice growth.

PMID- 3700958
TI  - Effect of donor age on the levels of activity of rat, hamster and human liver S9
      preparations in the Salmonella mutagenicity assay.
AB  - Liver S9 fractions were prepared from male and female Syrian Golden hamsters and
      Sprague-Dawley rats, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months of age, which were either uninduced
      (corn-oil treated) or induced with Aroclor 1254 suspended in corn oil. These
      preparations were compared at varying protein levels for their ability to
      metabolize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (benzo(a)pyrene, 3
      methylcholanthrene, 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene), aromatic amines (N-2-acetyl
      aminofluorene, beta-naphthylamine, benzidine), and nitroso compounds (N-nitroso
      diethylamine, nitrosopyrrolidine, nitrosodiethylmethylurea) to products mutagenic
      to Salmonella typhimurium. With 3-methylcholanthrene or benzo(a)pyrene in the
      presence of S9 preparations from Aroclor-treated male rats, the numbers of
      revertant colonies decreased with increasing age of the animals. Mutagenicity of
      aromatic amines was not affected by the age of the donor animals from which the
      S9 was prepared. The use of liver S9 from 1-month-old hamsters produced the
      highest number of revertant colonies with nitrosodiethylamine. This number
      decreased with preparations from animals of increasing age. The greatest number
      of revertant colonies with nitrosopyrrolidine occurred with preparations from
      male hamsters. A decrease in numbers of revertant colonies with increasing age
      was observed with the S9 preparation from Arcolor-treated male rats. Nitroso
      diethylmethylurea was mutagenic only in the presence of S9 from male or female
      Aroclor-treated hamsters and the metabolic activity of the S9 preparations did
      not change with age. S9 preparations from livers of 50-70-year-old humans were
      compared for their ability to produce mutagenic metabolites at a number of
      protein levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3700959
TI  - The effect of composite oral treatment for internal contamination with several
      radionuclides on 131I thyroid uptake in humans.
AB  - The efficiency of a composite oral treatment on 131I thyroid uptake was
      investigated in three adult volunteers. The treatment consisted of 10 g of
      calcium alginate, 3 g ferrihexacyanoferrate(II), 130 mg of potassium iodide and 5
      g of Zn-DTPA. This mixture when administered 30 min before 131I almost completely
      blocked the 131I thyroid uptake. This indicates that simultaneous administration
      of other antidotal agents do not cancel or decrease the effect of potassium
      iodide on 131I thyroid uptake. The finding deserves attention since composite
      oral treatment is the recommended therapy in cases of accidental environmental
      exposure to several radionuclides.

PMID- 3700960
TI  - Detection of andromedotoxins for the diagnosis of Rhododendron poisoning in
      animals.
AB  - A method for the detection of andromedotoxin in plant material and relicta from
      cases of poisoning due to Rhododendron and other members of the Ericacea is
      described. This method, which overcomes the problems associated with basing the
      diagnosis on the clinical signs exhibited and untrained identification of plant
      materials, has been successfully applied to the investigation of a number of
      field outbreaks of Rhododendron poisoning in animals.

PMID- 3700961
TI  - Penetration of nicotine and nitrosonornicotine across porcine oral mucosa.
AB  - The use of smokeless tobacco (chewing tobacco or snuff) results in contact
      between this material and the lining of the mouth over relatively long periods of
      time. As tobacco contains nicotine and a carcinogen, nitrosonornicotine (NNN)
      there is a likelihood of systemic absorption of both these compounds under these
      conditions. This study measured the penetration of nicotine and NNN across skin
      and various regions of oral mucosa. Specimens of porcine skin, keratinized
      gingiva and non-keratinized floor of mouth and cheek mucosa were placed in
      perfusion chambers and the flux across these tissues of isotopically labeled
      water, nicotine and NNN was determined; permeability constants were calculated
      for each compound and for each region and the values compared statistically. Skin
      showed a lower permeability than the oral regions to all compounds and floor of
      mouth was generally the most permeable site. Nicotine passed across oral mucosa
      almost as rapidly as water, the most permeable region being floor of mouth,
      whereas gingiva and buccal mucosa showed a similar, but lower, permeability. The
      non-keratinized oral regions were most permeable to NNN and this can be related
      to the known distribution of oral carcinomas, regions with the higher
      permeability being sites that show the greatest tendency to develop such lesions.

PMID- 3700962
TI  - Lung development and postnatal survival for rats exposed in utero to a high
      boiling coal liquid.
AB  - Previous studies performed in this laboratory indicated that exposure of rat
      fetuses to high-boiling coal liquids from 12-14 days of gestation (dg) induced a
      number of major malformations, including cleft palate, diaphragmatic hernia and
      small lungs. The study reported here was designed to determine postnatal
      viability and development of survivors following in utero exposure to Harmarville
      process solvent (HPS), a wide-boiling-range (150 to greater than 455 degrees C)
      coal liquid. For this study, 0.74 g kg-1 of the coal liquid was administered (by
      intragastric intubation) to rats from 12 to 14 dg. Offspring were evaluated for
      postnatal survival, growth and lung and thymus weights. Randomly selected pups
      from control and treated litters were killed and necropsied at 1, 3, 7 and 21
      days postpartum. In addition, data for control pups were obtained at 0.25 and 0.5
      days postpartum for comparison with body, lung and thymus weights of pups that
      died during this interval. Fifty-four per cent of the exposed pups and 9% of the
      control pups died between birth and 3 days postpartum. Of the treated pups that
      died, 10% (6/5; pups/litters) had cleft palate, 27% (17/9) had small lungs and
      33% (21/8) had both cleft palate and small lungs. No gross malformations were
      observed in the remaining 30% of the dead pups. Microscopic examination of lungs
      from HPS-treated pups revealed no evident histological abnormalities. Body, lung
      and thymus weights for treated animals that died were significantly less than
      those of controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3700963
TI  - Neurotoxicity assessment of O-ethyl-O'-(2-diisopropylaminoethyl)
      methylphosphonite (QL) in hens.
AB  - O-ethyl-O'-(2-diisopropylaminoethyl) methylphosphonite (QL), an intermediate in
      the formation of ethyl S-2-diisopropylaminoethyl methylphosphonothiolate, was
      evaluated for neurotoxicity in the adult hen. Birds were given a single oral dose
      of QL ranging from 635 to 6080 mg kg-1. The QL-treated hens were observed for up
      to 24 h after dosing for acute toxicologic effects and over a 24 d post-dose
      period for evaluation of delayed neurotoxicity. The oral LD50 in hens is 1186 mg
      kg-1. Neurologic dysfunction, as evidenced by motor incapacitation, was observed
      at 6 days and thereafter after treatment with QL. Neurotoxic esterase (NTE)
      activity was not inhibited at 24 h after exposure to compound. Neural damage,
      multifocal in nature, was noted in the peripheral nervous system of QL-treated
      hens at dose levels greater than or equal to 635 mg kg-1, oral dose. These
      findings indicate neural damage tendencies following QL exposure.

PMID- 3700964
TI  - The role of the red blood cell in the transport of carbon disulfide.
AB  - When rats were exposed to 2 mg l-1 (approximately 640 ppm) of carbon disulfide
      (CS2) for 4 h, the concentration of free CS2 in the red blood cells (RBCs)
      approached a plateau within 2 h. Free CS2 in plasma reached a steady state
      concentration within 15 min of exposure. More than 90% of the free CS2 in blood
      was found in the RBCs regardless of the length of exposure. In vitro studies
      showed that about 90% of the free CS2 partitioned into the RBCs regardless of
      whether the CS2 was added first to the plasma or directly to the RBCs. Hence, it
      appears that the RBC is the major carrier of CS2 in blood. It was found that 98%
      of the free CS2 in red blood cell lysates was associated with hemoglobin. Free
      CS2 in RBCs was readily partitioned into olive oil (RBCs/oil = 1/6), less readily
      into the plasma (RBCs/plasma = 12/1), and only to a small extent into phosphate
      buffer (RBCs/buffer = 39/1). The extraction of free CS2-loaded RBCs into albumin
      solution increased with increasing albumin concentrations. CS2 can be extracted
      with buffer, protein solution, and oil, indicating that CS2 in RBCs can be
      transferred to the medium in which the RBCs contact. It is proposed that RBCs may
      also play an important role in the transport of CS2 from lung to tissues and vice
      versa. The possible role of RBCs in the transport of other organic solvents in
      the blood is also discussed.

PMID- 3700965
TI  - The effects of chronic ozone exposure on pulmonary collagen content and collagen
      synthesis in rats.
AB  - Male rats were exposed to 0.125, 0.25 or 0.5 ppm of ozone or clean air for up to
      1 year. During this exposure period there was little evidence for collagen
      accumulation in the lungs. However, the rate of incorporation of tritiated
      proline into both lung collagen and total lung protein was accelerated. These
      data suggest that exposure to ozone under these conditions results in an increase
      in the turnover of collagen as well as other lung proteins.

PMID- 3700966
TI  - The teratogenic effect of phenobarbital on the embryonic chick heart.
AB  - Phenobarbital was observed to produce cardiovascular malformations in embryonic
      chicks. Malformations included simple ventricular septal defect, ventricular
      septal defect associated with dextroposition of the aorta, double outlet right
      ventricle, and several types of aortic arch anomalies. Embryos were exposed to
      phenobarbital at doses of 1-25 mumol on day 4 of incubation (Hamburger-Hamilton
      developmental stage 24). Doses equal to and greater than 5 mumol phenobarbital
      (26 mg/kg egg) significantly increased the frequency of embryos with
      cardiovascular malformations compared with lesser doses and with saline. A
      significant reduction in heart rate and abnormal rhythm of the heart were
      observed in embryos treated with teratogenic doses of phenobarbital. No
      arrhythmia nor significant changes in heart rate were observed in embryos exposed
      to subteratogenic doses of phenobarbital or to saline.

PMID- 3700967
TI  - Neural regulation of adrenal chromaffin cell function in the mouse: fate and
      distribution of [3H]dopamine in denervated adrenal medulla.
AB  - The distribution and time course of appearance and decline of radioactivity in
      denervated adrenal medulla of mice injected with [3H]dopamine was examined by
      autoradiography. Radioactivity irradiated from [3H]dopamine was increased from
      7.5 min to 30 min, then decreased rapidly in both adrenaline-storing (A) cells
      and noradrenaline-storing (NA) cells of either intact or denervated adrenals. In
      subcortical A cells, the incorporation of radioactivity was increased by
      denervation while in NA cells and in A cells in the center of the medulla, the
      increment was not significant. In the denervated adrenals, the decline of
      [3H]dopamine-derived radioactivity was slower than that in the intact gland. The
      denervation increased the gradient in radioactivity from the surface to the
      center of the medulla. The present results suggest that the sensitivity to
      neuronal suppression of dopamine uptake in subcortical A cells is different from
      that in A and NA cells in the rest of the gland. The results also indicate a
      functional heterogeneity within a single type of chromaffin cells.

PMID- 3700968
TI  - Anatomical evidence for the interaction of sympathetic and parasympathetic
      neurons in the cardiac ganglion of Necturus.
AB  - Evidence of a direct interaction between sympathetic and parasympathetic elements
      in a cardiac parasympathetic ganglion is presented in this study. Experiments
      were done using acutely dissected or organ cultured parasympathetic cardiac
      ganglion preparations from Necturus maculosus (mudpuppy). The glyoxylic acid
      induced fluorescence technique was used to visualize catecholamine-containing
      cells and fibers. Numerous long brightly fluorescent varicose fibers form a
      complex network over clusters of parasympathetic ganglion cells and strands of
      cardiac muscle. In addition to these fibers, there are numerous small brightly
      fluorescent interneurons (SIF cells) interspersed between individual
      parasympathetic ganglion cells. Long fibers and processes from the interneurons
      join to form bundles which arborize over groups of parasympathetic cells. In
      peripherally located smaller groups of ganglion cells there are no interneurons,
      but some of these parasympathetic cells appear to receive innervation from the
      long continuous fluorescent axons. Two experimental procedures were applied to
      support the conclusion that these long fibers were indeed sympathetic
      postganglionic axons: explants of cardiac ganglia were maintained for varying
      times to produce degeneration of any severed axons: chemical sympathectomy was
      produced by injection of 6-hydroxydopamine. The intrinsic SIF cells were
      apparently unaffected by both procedures. After 8 days in culture or after 6-OH
      dopamine treatment, all of the long continuous brightly fluorescent fibers, which
      normally intermingle with clusters of ganglion cells or innervate cardiac muscle,
      were absent. This indicates their extra-ganglionic origin. All of the isolated
      groups of parasympathetic ganglion cells not containing SIF cells were totally
      devoid of any catecholamine-containing fibers.

PMID- 3700969
TI  - Early inhibition and changes in diurnal rhythmicity of the pituitary-thyroid axis
      after superior cervical ganglionectomy of rats.
AB  - The effect of superior cervical ganglionectomy (SCGx) on the pituitary-thyroid
      axis was examined in rats. SCGx decreased serum thyrotropin (TSH) and thyroxine
      (T4) levels for up to 4 days after surgery, during and immediately after
      completion of anterograde degeneration of regional sympathetic terminals. At
      later times TSH levels in control and SCGx rats did not differ, but a significant
      increase of serum T4 was found two weeks after SCGx. A diurnal rhythm in serum
      TSH and T4 levels with maxima at 11.00 h (TSH) and at 14.00 and 22.00 h (T4) was
      found in sham-operated rats 3 days after surgery. At this time SCGx evoked a
      general depression of TSH levels as well as a shift of 3 h in their maximum. A
      similar shift of the afternoon peak and abolition of the nocturnal peak in serum
      T4 were detectable in SCGx rats. In SCGx animals examined during anterograde
      nerve degeneration, i.e. 14 h after surgery, injection of the alpha 1
      adrenoceptor blocker phenoxybenzamine negated denervation-induced changes of TSH
      and counteracted partially T4 effects. The beta-adrenergic blocker propranolol
      did not modify serum TSH levels in SCGx rats but further decreased serum T4
      concentration. Treatment with both drugs simultaneously did no affect TSH release
      compared to SCGx, phenoxybenzamine-treated rats but effectively decreased serum
      T4. These results further support the involvement of superior cervical ganglion
      neurons in the control of thyroid function.

PMID- 3700970
TI  - Cardiac vagal action during hypoxia in adult and fetal sheep.
AB  - The effects of hypoxia on the potential for the vagus to slow the heart, and on
      resting heart rate, were compared in anesthetized, vagotomized adult and fetal
      sheep, and in a chronically catheterized fetus in utero. In adults, the action of
      the cardiac vagus was potentiated at and below an arterial pO2 in the range 13-27
      mm Hg. In contrast, in the fetus and the neonate, vagal action was not
      potentiated as pO2 fell through this range to 10-12 mm Hg. Below 10-12 mm Hg
      baseline heart rate fell markedly, and the effect of the cardiac vagus on heart
      rate was diminished, but its effect on pulse interval was not consistently
      changed. It is concluded that potentiation of vagal action during hypoxia occurs
      in adult but not fetal sheep and the bradycardia seen in the fetus during severe
      hypoxia is probably due to direct myocardial depression.

PMID- 3700971
TI  - Somatic depressor reflexes: results of specific 'depressor' afferents' excitation
      or an epiphenomenon of general anesthesia and certain decerebrations?
AB  - In chloralose-urethane anesthetized cats and unanesthetized decerebrate cats
      graded electrical stimulation of the tibial nerve A-afferents was performed and
      the resulting changes in the tibial nerve compound action potentials, heart rate
      and systemic arterial pressure were recorded. Three subgroups of the tibial nerve
      A delta-afferents were distinguished and their excitability, conduction velocity
      and relation to the circulatory reflexes were characterized. Stimulation of the
      same A-afferents evoked only tachycardic reflexes in high-mesencephalic
      unanesthetized cats while both tachy- and bradycardic reflexes developed in
      anesthetized brain-intact cats. The volleys of A beta-afferents elicited
      depressor reflexes in 50% of anesthetized cats but were ineffective in the other
      anesthetized brain-intact cats and in all the unanesthetized decerebrate cats. In
      anesthetized cats, the volleys of two low-threshold subgroups of A delta
      afferents evoked only depressor reflexes and volleys of high-threshold A delta
      afferents evoked both depressor and pressor reflexes in dependence on the
      deepness of anesthesia. In unanesthetized cats, effects of A delta-stimulation
      depended on the level of decerebration, being exclusively pressor when the most
      high-threshold A delta-fibers were stimulated in high-mesencephalic cats, both
      pressor and depressor when only low-threshold subgroups of A delta-fibers were
      stimulated in these cats, and exclusively depressor in prebulbar cats. The
      dependence of the direction of reflex blood pressure changes on the level of
      decerebration and anesthesia is incompatible with the classical concept of the so
      called somatic depressor afferents. Moreover, general anesthesia is shown to
      suppress and invert not only excitatory effects of spinal A-afferents' volleys on
      sympathetic vasoconstrictor and cardioaccelerator neurones but the inhibitory
      effects of these afferents' signals on the vagal cardioinhibitory neurones, too.
      Contrary to this concept, we regard the 'somatic depressor reflexes' and
      accompanying bradycardia not as a result of 'specific' afferents excitation, but
      as an epiphenomenon of general anesthesia and certain decerebrations. This
      hypothesis is founded: (1) on the results of electrophysiological investigations
      of somato-sympathetic and somato-vagal reflexes indicating the existence of
      parallel excitatory and inhibitory interneuronal pathways between the spinal
      afferents and sympathetic and vagal neurones; and (2) on the assumption of
      unequal sensitivity of these pathways to certain anesthetics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3700972
TI  - Photographic planning for maxillary mandibular osteotomies.

PMID- 3700973
TI  - The care and preservation of scientific drawings.

PMID- 3700974
TI  - Image permanence: the videodisc, a hope for the future.

PMID- 3700975
TI  - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: is the medical photographer at risk?

PMID- 3700976
TI  - Pancreatic polypeptide response to a protein-rich meal in diabetic patients with
      and without neuropathy.
AB  - A protein-rich meal and insulin-induced hypoglycemia (ITT) are two of the most
      important stimuli on pancreatic polypeptide (PP) secretion in diabetic patients.
      Previous studies have shown a reduced PP response to ITT in diabetic patients
      with autonomic neuropathy (AN). Twelve patients without AN (mean age 44 +/- 10.8
      yr, mean duration of diabetes 11 +/- 5.6 yr), 9 with AN (51.4 +/- 6 yr, 15.8 +/-
      6.9 yr) and 9 controls (N) were studied. AN was assessed by the evaluation of the
      beat-to-beat variation of the heart rate during deep breathing. PP secretion was
      stimulated by a protein-rich meal (200 g meat, 150 g milk). All insulin-dependent
      diabetic (IDD) patients lacked circulating PP antibodies. All diabetic patients
      showed a significant reduction in the early vagal phase compared to controls.
      This behavior was more evident in diabetic patients with AN and the secondary
      phase of these two groups overlapped with the response of controls. These data
      may be explained by the initial alterations of vagal functions not detectable by
      current methods.

PMID- 3700977
TI  - Thyroid hormone modulation of VIP's induced salivary secretion in the
      submaxillary glands of rats.
AB  - The effect of changes in thyroid function upon vasoactive intestinal peptide
      (VIP) induced secretion of saliva were studied in male Wistar rats.
      Hyperthyroidism was induced by the sc administration every 12 h of 10
      micrograms/100 g bw of I-triiodothyronine; hypothyroidism was induced by surgical
      thyroidectomy 2 weeks before the experiments. Preganglionar parasympathetic
      denervation was induced by sectioning the chorda tympani on the left side. The
      dose-response curves to increasing doses of VIP showed in the hypothyroid animals
      increased salivary secretion, while in the hyperthyroid ones the dose-response to
      the drug was reduced. This effect was seen on both sides, the denervated and the
      control ones. In the denervated glands there was a marked hypersensitivity to the
      administration of VIP producing greater responses with the same doses, in the 3
      groups of animals. The negative modulation by thyroid hormones of the salivary
      response to VIP administration is compared with the positive modulation they
      induce in the salivary response to beta-adrenergic and cholinergic drugs.

PMID- 3700978
TI  - Plasma sex hormone profile in Gentile di Puglia ewes during the estrus cycle.
AB  - The profiles of estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), and androstenedione (A), have
      been studied for the first time in cyclic Gentile di Puglia ewes. Estradiol peaks
      at estrus whereas progesterone levels are high during the luteal phase.
      Androstenedione does not show meaningful cyclic fluctuation. All hormones
      examined show also a pulsatile pattern when plasma was collected hourly.

PMID- 3700979
TI  - Taste responses from the chorda tympani nerve in young and old Fischer rats.
AB  - To determine whether neurophysiological taste responses are different in young
      and old rats, recordings were made from the whole chorda tympani nerve which
      innervates taste buds on the anterior tongue. Fischer 344 male and female rats in
      three age groups were studied: 5 to 7 months, 23 to 25 months, and 29 to 32
      months. Chemical stimuli included single concentrations of five salts, two acids,
      sucrose and quinine hydrochloride, and concentration series of the five salts.
      Neural response magnitudes were expressed as ratios relative to the NaCl(0.1M)
      response. Substantial neural responses were obtained to all chemicals at all
      ages. Response ratios for NH4Cl and sucrose, however, increased significantly
      with age; ratios for MgCl2 and citric acid decreased. Ratios for HCl decreased
      when data from either sex were analyzed separately. Shapes of
      response/concentration functions for NaCl, but not other salts, also differed
      with age. In general, though, the magnitudes of all age-related differences were
      small and neural recordings demonstrate that the peripheral taste system
      functions well in old age.

PMID- 3700980
TI  - Quantitative anatomical study of taste buds in fungiform papillae of young and
      old Fischer rats.
AB  - To determine if differences in neural taste responses relate to taste bud loss in
      old age, taste buds were counted in fungiform papillae of Fischer 344 rats aged 4
      to 6 months, 20 to 24 months, and 30 to 37 months. Papillae anterior to the
      intermolar eminence on one half of the tongue were examined in serial sections.
      Presence or absence of a taste bud was noted and taste bud diameter was measured.
      Average percentages of papillae that contained a taste bud in the three groups
      were 99.6, 99.3, and 94.7%. This is a significant age-related difference but
      actual number of taste buds lost in the oldest rats was small. Taste bud diameter
      did not differ with age and general anatomical characteristics of buds were
      similar in all groups. Thus, anatomical observations on taste bud maintenance in
      rats over a wide age range, coupled with neurophysiological data, demonstrate
      that the integrity of the peripheral gustatory system is not altered greatly in
      old age.

PMID- 3700981
TI  - Age differences in plasma norepinephrine kinetics in humans.
AB  - To determine if the increased plasma norepinephrine (NE) of older individuals is
      due to greater plasma NE appearance rate and/or decreased NE clearance,
      arterialized plasma NE kinetics were measured in 25 healthy young (27 +/- 6 yr, M
      +/- SD) and 18 healthy older volunteers (68 +/- 5 yr) using a tritium-labeled NE
      isotope dilution technique. Basal NE levels were 54% greater in the older
      participants (282 +/- 24 vs. 183 +/- 11 pg/ml, M +/- SEM, p less than .001). The
      mean plasma NE appearance rate was 32% higher (0.33 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.25 +/- 0.02
      microgram/m2/min, p less than .016) and NE clearance was 19% lower (1.21 +/- 0.08
      vs. 1.49 +/- 0.06 L/min/m2, p less than .006) in the older participants. There
      was a close correlation between NE appearance rate and NE levels (r = .76, p less
      than .001, N = 43), but only modest inverse correlation between NE clearance and
      NE levels (r = -.37, p less than .01, N = 43). Stepwise multiple linear
      regression analysis revealed that NE appearance rate and clearance explained 80%
      of the variance in NE levels and that 57% of the variance was attributable to NE
      appearance, F (1,41) = 54.8, p less than .001, compared with only 14% by NE
      clearance, F (1, 41) = 6.5, p = .01. We conclude that the principal factor
      accounting for the higher plasma NE levels of older individuals is an increase in
      plasma NE appearance rate.

PMID- 3700982
TI  - Reduced serum calcium and inorganic phosphate levels in normal elderly women.
AB  - Because published data on the effect of normal aging on serum calcium and
      phosphate levels are scanty and contradictory, we measured these parameters in 36
      normal women over the age of 65 and compared these values with those obtained
      previously and concurrently in younger women. We found a significant decline in
      both serum calcium and phosphate levels after the age of 65. We also measured
      corrected total serum calcium, serum ultrafiltrable calcium, and serum ionized
      calcium levels in all of the elderly women and in 29 of the younger women and
      concluded that the decline in total serum calcium levels seen with aging was
      attributable in part to decreased levels of protein bound calcium but that there
      was also a slight reduction of ionic calcium levels. Data obtained in elderly
      women with proven parathyroid adenomas are included to illustrate how the
      recognition of these age related changes in total serum calcium levels may aid in
      the identification of slight but clinically important hypercalcemia in elderly
      adults.

PMID- 3700983
TI  - Environmentally-induced analgesia: age-related differences in a hormonally
      mediated, nonopioid system.
AB  - In order to study the age-related differences in analgesia produced by
      environmental stimuli, 3-month-old, 11-month-old, and 23-month-old rats were
      immersed in 6 degrees C water for 5 min. Prior to cold-water exposure, different
      groups of rats were injected (i.p.) with 7 mg/kg of naltrexone or saline or had
      adrenalectomies performed. Following cold-water immersion, pain sensitivity was
      measured for 2 hr. In the saline-treated groups, there was a progressive increase
      in the analgesia displayed after cold-water exposure as the age of the group
      increased. For each age group, naltrexone did not attenuate the analgesia
      produced by cold water whereas adrenalectomy potentiated the analgesia. The
      effects of naltrexone and adrenalectomy confirm that cold-water exposure produces
      a hormonally-mediated, nonopioid analgesic response. Thus, these results
      demonstrate that aged animals display an enhanced analgesic response to cold
      water stress that is similar to other neuroendocrine indexes of increased
      hormonal response to stress in aged organisms.

PMID- 3700984
TI  - Comprehensive health screening of well elderly adults: an analysis of a community
      program.
AB  - We examined the yield of a health screening program in a free-standing community
      senior citizen center and identified factors associated with patient compliance
      with referral recommendations. Of elderly individuals screened, 94% had some
      positive finding requiring advice or intervention, and 54% were referred to a
      physician for further evaluation. The most prevalent findings were skin disorders
      (52%), genitourinary disorders (44%), and eye-ear-nose-throat disorders (33%). Of
      individuals referred to a physician, 70% complied with the referral. Of those who
      complied, 38% reported receiving treatment for the referred condition--15% of the
      entire group of clients screened. Factors positively associated with compliance
      with physician referral included the specific type of referred problem, the
      perceived seriousness of the problem, and absence of financial barriers to
      medical care. Though controlled trial data are lacking, this and other published
      studies indicate that many remediable problems can be identified among apparently
      healthy elderly individuals in community geriatric screening programs.

PMID- 3700985
TI  - Old age stereotypes: reconciling contradictions.
AB  - This study tested the hypothesis that age stereotyping with specific targets
      would occur when targets were disabled, when information was minimal, when the
      context was commonplace, and when the measuring instruments were psychometrically
      sound. In addition, greater compatibility was anticipated between specific and
      generalized target evaluations when rating scales were anchored to a fixed
      comparison point. Using between-subject designs, 208 students completed two
      judgment tasks and reported on the impact that age had on their evaluations. The
      traditional stereotyping paradigm revealed both positive and negative stereotypes
      of old age when the target was generalized but not when the target was specific.
      The qualitative data are used to suggest shortcomings in the use of the
      traditional stereotyping paradigm with specific targets.

PMID- 3700986
TI  - Fractionated myotatic reflex times in women by activity level and age.
AB  - A lifetime habit of participation in vigorous physical exercise has been
      associated with the maintenance of efficient neuromuscular performance into old
      age. During test sessions on three consecutive days, measures of fractioned
      patellar (knee-jerk) reflex times under normal and Jendrassik conditions were
      obtained from 60 female participants classified as old inactive, old active,
      young inactive, or young active. A three-factor analysis of variance showed that
      age/activity group differences were present for reflex latency, but not for
      reflex motor time or total reflex time. Age differences were demonstrated for
      degree of reflex facilitation resulting from the Jendrassik maneuver. The results
      demonstrate that the functional reflex is well maintained into the sixth decade,
      but that sensitivity to Jendrassik facilitation of the pathway is diminished with
      age.

PMID- 3700987
TI  - Prior retrieval effects in young and old adults.
AB  - Previous work has shown that successful recall boosts subsequent retrieval of the
      recalled items. Two experiments tested the hypothesis that this benefit from
      prior retrieval would be less strong in older adults. Contrary to expectation,
      the older adults showed as great a benefit from prior retrieval as did the young
      adults in both experiments. It is suggested that successful cued recall may act
      like an orienting task at encoding, to guide retrieval processes effectively, and
      that the benefit obtained from a successful retrieval is a function of the
      information used to guide the retrieval process.

PMID- 3700988
TI  - Subjective memory assessment and test performance in elderly adults.
AB  - The everyday memory of a group of elderly adults was assessed using techniques
      developed for use with younger head-injured people (Sunderland et al., 1983). The
      participants completed a memory questionnaire and a daily checklist; their
      spouses gave their assessment using a separate questionnaire. These subjective
      methods showed only moderate agreement, and the questionnaire had low test-retest
      reliability. It appears that these methods of subjective memory assessment have
      little validity when used with normal elderly adults. Two positive findings did
      emerge: As in previous studies, a story recall test was the strongest predictor
      of reported memory performance; and despite a universal belief among elderly
      adults that their memory had deteriorated with age, very few of them felt that
      they were at all handicapped by forgetfulness in everyday life.

PMID- 3700989
TI  - Memory changes in the Benton Visual Retention Test between ages 70 and 75.
AB  - The influences of education and activity on memory of Japanese older adults were
      investigated. The Benton Visual Retention Test was given to 302 individuals (145
      men and 157 women) aged 69 to 71 (average age 70) living in a suburb of Tokyo.
      Participants were retested 5 years later (average age 75). Memory as evaluated by
      Benton correct scores declined in both men and women during the 5 years. The
      influence of the first time Benton score, education, activity, and sex on the
      second-time Benton score was analyzed by multiple regression analysis. The second
      Benton score was strongly influenced by the initial score. Level of education and
      activity contributed to memory after 5 years. No difference in the magnitude of
      memory changes was found between men and women. The first time Benton score by
      education term showed a weak but negative contribution.

PMID- 3700990
TI  - Well-being scales do not measure social desirability.
AB  - To examine the contention that well-being scales are contaminated by socially
      desirable responding, three well-being measures were correlated with peer ratings
      of neuroticism before and after controlling for Edwards' social desirability in a
      sample of 62 adult men and women. Because social desirability was correlated with
      rated neuroticism, "correcting" for social desirability bias decreased, rather
      than increased, the validity of well-being measures as judged against an external
      criterion. Findings support the position that self-reports of well-being can
      generally be taken as veridical assessments.

PMID- 3700991
TI  - How much income is enough? Measuring the income adequacy of retired persons using
      a survey based approach.
AB  - This paper uses survey data and a new method proposed by Dutch social scientists
      to estimate minimum income amounts and income equivalence scales for retired
      individuals and couples. The method is based on responses to survey questions
      about the amount of family income needed to achieve various levels of living. The
      minimum income amounts for retired families obtained using this method do not
      differ much from comparable official measures of income adequacy. The equivalence
      scales obtained using this method, however, do differ from official scales and
      indicate a need to target greater resources to retired persons living alone.

PMID- 3700992
TI  - Recent trends in the relative economic status of older adults.
AB  - Contrary to theoretical expectations and previous empirical research based on
      modernization and aging theory, this study demonstrates that there has been no
      decline in the relative income of the older population from 1945 to 1980.
      Furthermore, recent increases in the relative earnings of older workers between
      1967 and 1977 are documented, independent of structural changes in educational
      and occupational levels. Rather than representing a reversal of previous trends,
      conceptual and measurement issues appear to account for the differences in
      findings. Although each older cohort does experience a decline in relative
      earnings between 1967 and 1977, newer cohorts entering old age have higher
      relative earnings than the older cohorts whom they replace, accounting for
      aggregate improvements in relative earnings.

PMID- 3700993
TI  - Intergenerational solidarity: an examination of a theoretical model.
AB  - This study provided an empirical test of a widely cited proposed model of
      intergenerational solidarity. The model emphasizes that association, affect, and
      consensus are interdependent dimensions of solidarity and offers an explanatory
      rationale for parent-child solidarity. Path analysis techniques were used with a
      sample of 279 older rural-transitional parents. The results showed little support
      for the model, but the data indicated that residential propinquity and mutual
      helping behavior were strong predictors of intergenerational association. The
      importance of the indirect effect of sex linkage via mutual help to associational
      solidarity also received strong support. The results showed that the proposed
      model was useful in explaining objective solidarity (association) but not
      subjective solidarity (consensus and affection) and that these variables were not
      dimensions of one construct.

PMID- 3700994
TI  - Age and sex differences in perceptions of grandparenting.
AB  - This study considered age and sex differences in grandparenting satisfaction and
      in perceived grandparenting responsibilities. Two hundred seventy-seven
      grandparents in three age groups (45 to 60, 61 to 69, 70 to 90) completed
      measures of perceptions of grandparenting experience. An Age group X Sex
      multivariate analysis of variance indicated that younger grandparents expressed
      greater responsibility for disciplining, caretaking, and offering childrearing
      advice. Grandfathers also expressed greater responsibilities for caretaking and
      offering childrearing advice, but less satisfaction with grandparenting. When
      number of grandchildren and grandchildren's ages were statistically controlled,
      younger grandparents and grandfathers expressed greater responsibility for
      offering childrearing advice; grandfathers also expressed greater responsibility
      for caretaking but less satisfaction with grandparenting. Findings are discussed
      with respect to possible developmental changes in grandparenting and cohort
      differences in perceptions of grandparenting.

PMID- 3700995
TI  - [Artificial induction of labor. Results apropos of a consecutive series of 20% of
      induced labors].
AB  - The authors report on a series of 1 838 deliveries of which 358 (19.5%) were
      induced. The caesarean section rate when induction was undertaken for social
      convenience (delivery on pre-set dates) was 1.7%, but when induction had to be
      carried out the caesarean section rate was 10%. Fetal and maternal morbidity when
      induction was carried out on social grounds was the same as for the general
      population. The number of inductions that were performed was not sufficiently
      large to alter the work rate in the labour ward and the ways in which this could
      be evened out are discussed. We have considered the different techniques to ripen
      the cervix, particularly when premature induction by rupture of the membranes is
      required.

PMID- 3700996
TI  - [Prenatal surveillance and outcome of pregnancy according to the origin of women
      born outside continental France].
AB  - From national surveys on representative samples of births, in France, in 1972 and
      in 1981, prenatal care and outcome of pregnancy among immigrant women--having
      been born outside continental France--have been studied. In spite of an increase
      in the number of prenatal visits, between 1972 and 1981, foreign women born in
      North Africa or in other non-European countries in 1981 had still less prenatal
      visits than women born in continental France. Few differences in outcome of
      pregnancy according to the women's birthplace in 1981 are shown, preterm
      deliveries' and birthweight less than 2,500 g rates had decreased between 1972
      and 1981 among most groups of women. Nevertheless, in 1981 stillbirth was more
      frequent among foreign women, especially women born in North Africa.

PMID- 3700997
TI  - [An integrated histogenetic concept of internal and external endometriosis].
AB  - The authors have studied the embryology of the uterus and have studied the
      comparative morphology of the internal foci of endometriosis, as well as the
      endometrium itself during the menstrual cycle. These studies have led them to
      think that the foci of endometriosis, whether they are internal or external, come
      from cells of coelomic mesothelium that persists in the transitional zone between
      the myometrium and the endometrium of the uterus, or in the mesothelium that
      covers the ovary, the tube and the pelvis under the stimulus of substances that
      are present in degenerate endometrial tissues during menstruation. This unitary
      idea of histogenesis makes it possible to consider under one heading, if not to
      unite, all endometriosis occurring anywhere according to their histogenic
      presentation under the same conditions of the tissues that surround them. It also
      makes it possible to explain the morphological similarity of endometriosis with
      the endometrium, although the biological behaviour of the two tissues is
      different. There is therefore a relationship between endometrium and
      endometriosis but not a filial one.

PMID- 3700998
TI  - [Contribution of the male component to the infertility of couples in Kinshasa
      (Zaire)].
AB  - A prospective study was carried out on infertility of the couple in Kinshasa by
      analysing the male component as derived from 278 sperm counts carried out on 95
      patients. In 36.8% of couples the man was responsible. The mean age was 32.42
      years of age +/- 4.89 (Standard Deviation). Previous gonorrhoea was responsible
      for this state of affairs in 47.3% of cases. The physical examination was marked
      by a large percentage of abnormal testes (36.8%) and of varicoceles in 18.9% of
      cases. The parameters that were most changed in the sperm counts were the total
      number in 72.6%, the distribution of the types of sperm in 51.7% and the pH of
      the seminal plasma in 40%.

PMID- 3700999
TI  - [Can neonatal anemia be predicted by analysis of the fetal cardiac rhythm?].
AB  - It is difficult to diagnose the severe pathological condition of fetal anaemia
      before birth. 30 cases of neonatal anaemia were compared with a control group who
      had normal haemoglobins after attempts at screening using fetal cardiotocography
      (CTG). Half all anaemic fetuses had a normal CTG trace and in 11 others (37%)
      though the abnormalities were serious they were not specific. Four fetuses (13%)
      had a sinusoidal cardiac rhythm which does seem to be the only specific sign of
      anaemia of any value as a predictive sign. Unfortunately this sign is not a
      sensitive one. It therefore appears that CTG is only of very limited value in
      screening for neonatal anaemia.

PMID- 3701000
TI  - [Cervical screening and surveillance of the cervix uteri before the age of 20].
AB  - The authors record a sample of 2,234 adolescents who were aged 20 years or less
      and who had systematic cervical screening. This was carried out in a Social
      Service gynaecological department and the reason for it was mainly to research in
      the epidemiology. The authors have analysed the results of 870 cervical smears
      and 62 colposcopies. They found that in this young population there were 11%
      dysplastic smears; 59% viral type smears (condylomata or herpes); 11% mild or
      moderate dysplasias and 16% flat condylomata that were proven histologically. The
      authors review the recent literature and their results and the risk factors for
      cancer of the cervix in adolescents and demonstrate the value of early screening
      of this population.

PMID- 3701001
TI  - [Current aspects of engagement dystocia].
AB  - It seems likely, in view of the large number of caesarean operations that are now
      being carried out and that too have complications, that the mechanism of
      obstetric procedures will sooner or later become of interest again to
      obstetricians. This study looks at a consecutive series of cases where dystocia
      in the upper part of the pelvis occurred and tries by analysing different
      obstetrical parameters to work out the best time for carrying out different
      obstetrical manoeuvres. It is possible to come to two conclusions, so long as
      both the mother and the fetus are watched carefully during the labour: the trial
      of delivery of the fetal head using the obstetric ventouse will bring about a
      significant reduction in the numbers of caesarean operations. it is always
      rewarding to be patient and it does not seem sensible to intervene too quickly.
      Two important results come from this approach: mechanical dystocia has
      practically disappeared, as it now only occurs in about 1% of labours. on the
      other hand, particularly in primiparous women, dystocia in the upper straight of
      the pelvis is quite common.

PMID- 3701002
TI  - The effects of raising intracranial pressure on breathing movements, eye
      movements and electrocortical activity in fetal sheep.
AB  - Extra-dural or cerebroventricular intracranial pressure was measured in 7
      unanaesthetized fetal sheep (123-137 days gestation). Basal intracranial pressure
      was 6.7 +/- 1.7 mmHg, but there were many transient increases of pressure in
      association with spontaneous changes of amniotic pressure, fetal intrathoracic
      pressure, and particularly when the fetal nuchal muscles were active. These
      spontaneous increases of intracranial pressure were often associated with
      cessation of breathing movements and change of the electrocorticogram from low to
      high voltage activity. To test whether increased intracranial pressure influenced
      breathing movements and electrocortical activity, intracranial pressure was
      raised either by occluding the superior vena cava for 1 min with an implanted
      extravascular cuff, or by extra-dural injection of 0.3-1.0 ml of 0.9% NaCl.
      Increasing the intracranial pressure 5-15 mmHg by either method during low
      voltage electrocortical activity caused cessation of breathing movements, electro
      ocular activity, and change of the electrocorticogram from low to high voltage in
      a significant proportion of trials. We propose that natural fluctuations of
      intracranial pressure caused by compression of the fetal body or skull, by body
      movements or by uterine activity, may cause changes in electrocortical activity
      and breathing movements.

PMID- 3701003
TI  - Angiotensin I and II in the assessment of baroreceptor function in fetal and
      neonatal sheep.
AB  - In fetal and neonatal sheep intravenous injections of angiotensin I, angiotensin
      II and noradrenaline each increased mean blood pressure and decreased heart rate
      in a dose-dependent manner. Blood pressure responses to given doses of
      angiotensin I and II were larger in neonatal than fetal animals while the reverse
      was true for noradrenaline. In both sheep groups angiotensin II was more pressor
      than angiotensin I. Baroreceptor function was assessed by correlating blood
      pressure response to angiotensin II with corresponding changes in either heart
      rate or heart period. A more sensitive baroreceptor reflex was found in the fetal
      group in that a given blood pressure response resulted in a significantly larger
      bradycardia and the calculated gain of the reflex was higher. In those fetuses
      subjected to either bilateral vagotomy or cervical cord transection pressor
      responses to both angiotensin II and noradrenaline were enhanced but a
      significant change was only seen in the cervical cord transection fetuses. Heart
      rate responses to these drugs were essentially unchanged in the cervical cord
      transected fetuses while in vagotomized fetuses the bradycardia with each drug
      was replaced by a tachycardia. It is concluded that the baroreflex is more active
      in the fetus than the neonate and is mediated by autonomic effector mechanisms
      similar to those found in the adult.

PMID- 3701004
TI  - Simultaneous observations of iodothyronine content in the thyroid gland, serum
      and thyroxine 5'- and 5-monodeiodinase activity in liver, during the neonatal
      period of the pig.
AB  - Serum T4 and rT3 were high at about 4-12 h after birth, then they decreased to a
      nadir on day 3 (rT3) and day 7 (T4). Serum T3 concentration fell immediately
      after birth but then increased to a relatively stable level during the next 2-6
      weeks, then fell after weaning. Reciprocal concentration profiles of T4, T3 and
      rT3 in the thyroid were found. The thyroidal iodothyronine content increased
      significantly after weaning. In the liver, 5'-monodeiodinating activity, low
      after birth, rose until day 3 and then decreased concomitantly with T3 in serum.
      The 5-monodeiodinating activity, high at birth, fell to a nadir at about 3 weeks.
      No changes in 5- and 5'-deiodinase activity after 3 weeks were observed. Opposite
      to the variations in absolute content, the iodothyronine relative proportion in
      thyroid tissue was practically unchanged until weaning time (6 weeks), when they
      rose. Serum T3/T4 and rT3/T4 ratios increased with age until weaning. The post
      weaned pigs had T3/T4 and rT3/T4 ratios about two times smaller than 6-weeks-old
      pigs. Serum rT3/T3, high after birth, decreased with age. Summarizing, the
      results indicate that neither changes in the thyroid iodothyronine content nor in
      the liver T4-monodeiodinating activity can solely account for variations in serum
      TH during the early neonatal period in the pig. It is suggested that the rapid
      variations in serum TH levels can reflect changes in the thyroidal secretory
      activity in preferential T3 secretion and/or blood disappearance rates.

PMID- 3701005
TI  - Thoracic duct lymph flow: a comparative study in newborn and adult sheep.
AB  - To understand better developmental changes in body fluid dynamics, we studied
      thoracic duct lymph flow in 9 newborn and 5 adult sheep. The experiments were
      carried out under general anaesthesia following bilateral ligation of the renal
      vessels and ureters. After a 30 min control period, we administered three
      successive 5-min intravenous infusions of isotonic saline equivalent to 2% of
      body weight each, at 30-min intervals. The average basal lymph flow rate was
      0.157 +/- 0.033 (SEM) ml.min-1.kg-1 and 0.046 +/- 0.018 ml.min-1.kg-1 in newborns
      and adults respectively (p less than 0.05). Fluid overloading resulted into
      similar intravascular retentions at the end of each 30-min period in both groups
      although the increase in lymph flow was repeatedly more than three times higher
      in the newborns. The more pronounced lymph flow response in the newborns could
      not be accounted for only on the basis of a difference in capillary filtration.
      We speculate that interstitial forces and/or the lymphatic pumping activity play
      a greater role in facilitating fluid movements in the newborn lamb than in the
      adult ewe. Overall, the higher capacity of the newborn to eliminate excess
      interstitial fluid constitutes a significant factor in the body's defense against
      oedema.

PMID- 3701006
TI  - Perinatal changes in adenine nucleotide content of developing rat kidney.
AB  - Adenine nucleotides have been measured in fetal and newborn kidneys of rat using
      the luciferine-luciferase method. In fetuses, between days 18 and 21 of gestation
      there is a drop of the relative amount of ATP in the renal nucleotide pool.
      Consequently, the kidneys of 21 days-old fetuses have lowered ATP/ADP ratio (3.6)
      and energy charge (0.80) compared with values found on day 18 (6.9 and 0.91,
      respectively); this relative energy deficit is heightened in progesterone induced
      postmaturity. One hour after delivery whether the gestational stage is 21, 22 or
      23 days, there is a rise in ATP and a decrease in AMP content which restore a
      high energy level in kidney of the newborn and a 30% increase in the total
      adenine nucleotide pool.

PMID- 3701007
TI  - Competition versus regulation: some empirical evidence.
AB  - In response to dramatic rises in health care costs, policymakers have been
      debating the relative merits of regulatory and competitive strategies as a means
      of containing costs. One major activity espoused by proponents of competition is
      the growth of health maintenance organizations (HMOs) which, in their opinion,
      will result in the market better determining efficient levels of utilization and
      costs. Extending this argument, the larger the percent of the population in a
      market area who enroll in HMOs, the greater the market-forcing effect of HMOs in
      reducing overall hospital expenditures; that is, if HMOs are providing lower-cost
      care, then the fee-for-service system will be forced to reduce costs in order to
      be competitive. The authors studied the 25 largest SMSAs from 1971-1981, and
      controlling for environmental conditions in each market, they examined the impact
      of both HMO growth and regulatory activity on costs and utilization. They
      conclude that neither competition nor regulation had a significant impact in
      reducing overall hospital costs. While there may have been some impact in
      specific communities, no generalizable effect could be observed. However, the
      authors did find that increases in costs and utilization were essentially driven
      by supply factors such as the number of hospital beds or medical specialists in a
      given community.

PMID- 3701008
TI  - The impact of health maintenance organizations and competition on hospitals in
      Minneapolis/St. Paul.
AB  - The Healthcare Educational and Research Foundation (HERF) in Minneapolis
      undertook a two-year research project to study the effects of health maintenance
      organizations (HMOs) and competition on the hospital industry in Minneapolis/St.
      Paul. This article summarizes HERF's major findings surrounding three key
      questions: (1) do the HMOs in Minneapolis/St. Paul use fewer hospital resources
      relative to conventional payers?; (2) do recent overall community trends in
      inpatient use suggest evidence of hospital utilization-reducing effects
      attributable to HMOs?; and (3) given the highly visible competitive process among
      Minneapolis/St. Paul providers, do hospital cost and revenue data suggest any
      evidence of cost-containment? The findings (based on data through 1982) indicate
      that for comparable patients, Twin Cities HMOs appear to use fewer medical care
      resources per hospitalized patient. There was, however, no clear evidence of
      community-wide, utilization-reducing effects directly attributable to the
      "competitive effect" of HMO introduction and development in the market. In
      addition, there was no empirical evidence that HMOs (which had enrolled 25
      percent of the consumer market by 1982), or other large buyers of inpatient
      services, have selected hospitals on the basis of price as hypothesized by
      competition advocates.

PMID- 3701009
TI  - The AIDS epidemic and gay bathhouses: a constitutional analysis.
AB  - Some legal scholars propose that the right of privacy articulated by the United
      States Supreme Court should be extended to protect homosexual activity. In light
      of the advent of AIDS, should that extension include constitutional protection
      for homosexual men who frequent gay bathhouses? The author argues that although
      the government has the power to close the baths in the name of public health, it
      should not do so without careful and conscious balancing against the privacy
      rights infringed upon by its actions. Balancing the tension between public health
      policy and individual rights applies not only to the specific situation of the
      baths, but also to insurance companies' aim to test all single, young, male life
      and health policy applicants for exposure to the putative AIDS virus; to
      potential health department releases of names of those testing antibody-positive
      for HTLV-III; to the military's rumored plans to discharge all personnel
      suspected of having AIDS; and to school districts seeking to exclude children
      with AIDS.

PMID- 3701010
TI  - Ownership conversions in health care organizations: who should benefit?
AB  - Because equity capital is becoming an important financing source for health care
      organizations, the conversion of many such organizations from nonprofit to for
      profit status is a significant public policy issue. Since many states require
      converting nonprofits to repay the "community" for its investment during the
      nonprofit status period, three questions arise: (1) How much is the entity worth?
      (2) How much of that worth should be returned to the community? (3) In what form
      should it be returned? The paper addresses these questions, and demonstrates why
      responsible public policy calls for them to be carefully considered if community
      interests are to be preserved.

PMID- 3701011
TI  - Crohn's disease of the esophagus.
AB  - Crohn's disease only rarely affects the esophagus, usually producing strictures
      and fistulas. Superficial lesions such as erosive esophagitis are infrequent.
      Histological proof of esophageal Crohn's disease is only exceptionally obtained
      with endoscopic biopsies. In a 4-year period we have followed 500 patients with
      Crohn's disease. Esophageal involvement was recognized in nine patients, usually
      because of painful dysphagia. Esophagoscopy revealed large aphthoid lesions. The
      clinical picture was characterized by: (a) involvement of multiple segments of
      the gastrointestinal tract, (b) extraintestinal manifestations, and (c) critical
      illness of the patients. Esophageal lesions and symptoms disappeared quickly with
      therapy. Routine histology of esophagoscopic biopsies revealed granulomas in only
      two patients, but additional sections showed granulomas in another five.

PMID- 3701012
TI  - Managing the cancer risk in chronic ulcerative colitis. A decision-analytic
      approach.
AB  - Chronic ulcerative colitis is associated with a high risk of colon cancer. The
      most appropriate management--prophylactic proctocolectomy or medical surveillance
      -is, at present, unclear. Recent reports suggest that the presence of colonic
      dysplasia or "precancer" on endoscopic biopsy may be a reliable predictor of
      concurrent or future colon cancer. To assess the value of colonic dysplasia in
      managing colitis patients, I applied decision analytic techniques to currently
      available data regarding the sensitivity and specificity of colonic dysplasia in
      colitis patients. Such analysis shows that management based on biopsy for colonic
      dysplasia, rather than prophylactic proctocolectomy for all colitis patients,
      will maximize 5-year survival. Sensitivity analysis suggests that management is
      primarily determined by the sensitivity of biopsy-diagnosed dysplasia--elective
      prophylactic surgery would be preferred only when sensitivity of dysplasia on
      biopsy is less than or equal to 0.70 at 20 years, or less than or equal to 0.85
      at 30 years of colitis, and changing surgical mortality and survival benefit from
      early diagnosis within a range established by previous studies affects management
      decisions only when sensitivity of dysplasia is at the lower end of its reported
      range.

PMID- 3701013
TI  - Chronic esophageal ulceration after endoscopic sclerotherapy.
AB  - Ulceration at the site of injection is a common sequel of endoscopic
      sclerotherapy. Most postsclerotherapy ulcers heal spontaneously, usually within 3
      weeks. We report a patient who developed a large esophageal ulcer after
      sclerotherapy, which did not heal despite 2 years of aggressive medical therapy.
      He bled twice from the ulcer. This is the first report in which such an ulcer has
      been followed sequentially for 2 years and has remained unhealed.

PMID- 3701014
TI  - Cholestatic hepatitis after dicloxacillin-sodium therapy.

PMID- 3701015
TI  - Mural thrombi of the right atrium and acute bacterial endocarditis complicating a
      LeVeen shunt.
AB  - A cirrhotic woman with a LeVeen shunt developed right atrial thrombi, acute
      bacterial endocarditis, and a major pulmonary embolus. The right atrial mural
      thrombi and resultant pulmonary emboli arose as a result of the placement of the
      venous end of the LeVeen shunt within the right atrium. This untoward event must
      be added to the growing list of complications associated with the placement of
      such catheters.

PMID- 3701016
TI  - Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis associated with an intrauterine device.
AB  - Intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUD) have been associated with the induction
      of chronic anaerobic endometritis as well as superimposition of exogenous
      sexually transmitted diseases and unilateral tubo-ovarian abscesses. We report an
      unusual case of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in a patient with ascites and
      an IUD. Bacteriological data support the concept that the source of infection was
      a chronic mixed endometritis induced by prolonged use of an IUD (16 years). In
      the presence of ascites, a localized endometritis with its reservoir of bacteria
      provided the medium for systemic disease.

PMID- 3701017
TI  - Bioecology of the parasites of high altitude homeothermic host-parasite systems.
      I. Influence of season and temperature on infections by strobilocerci of three
      species of Hydatigera in Indian house rat.
AB  - Seasonal fluctuations in the infrapopulation size of strobilocerci of Hydatigera
      balaniceps (Hall, 1911), H. laticollis (Rudolphi, 1819) and H. parva (Baer, 1926)
      infesting liver lobes of Indian house rat populations at high altitude (1400 to
      1600 m) appear to be correlated with climatic oscillations in temperature.
      Greater susceptibility of Rattus rattus to infection was evident at lower
      temperatures. The distribution of strobilocerci in rodent populations could be
      described by the Poisson model (P less than 0.20-P less than 0.001).

PMID- 3701018
TI  - Bioecology of the parasites of high altitude homeothermic host-parasite systems.
      II. Infections by strobilocerci of Hydatigera balaniceps (Hall), H. laticollis
      (Rudolphi) and H. parva (Baer) in relation to sex, size and weight of Indian
      house rat.
AB  - The influence of sex, size and weight of the Indian house rat (Rattus rattus) on
      concurrent liver infections with Hydatigera balaniceps (Hall), H. laticollis
      (Rudolphi) and H. parva (Baer) has been discussed. A significant inverse
      relationship was recorded between cestode infection and rat size. Parasitization
      index and mean worm burden-host weight ratio decreased with increase in rodent
      weight.

PMID- 3701019
TI  - The life-cycle of Syphacia muris Yamaguti (Nematoda: Oxyuroidea) in the
      laboratory rat.
AB  - The life-cycle of Syphacia muris is described in primary infections of Wistar
      rats. The life-cycle of S. muris is completed within seven days and no moults
      were discovered inside the egg. Instead each of two moults were observed outside
      the egg up to 24 and 40 hours after infection, and TEM studies suggest a third
      moult occurs up to 64 hours. The development and maturation of the larval stages
      are described for the first time using both light and electron microscopy.
      Differences in the size and growth of female S. muris compared with previously
      published figures could be due to differences in the strains of rats used.

PMID- 3701020
TI  - Studies on naturally-occurring ovine fascioliasis in the Sudan.
AB  - Haematological, biochemical and pathological changes were investigated in 214
      sheep naturally infected with Fasciola gigantica in an endemic area in the Sudan
      together with 82 uninfected controls. Infected animals showed a clear decrease in
      erythrocyte counts, haemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume, a
      normochromic, normocytic anaemia, leucocytosis and eosinophilia. Serum
      concentrations of the enzymes glutamate dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase and
      glutamate oxaloacetic acid transaminase were also elevated in the infected group,
      indicating hepatic damage. This was confirmed by histopathological changes, which
      comprised degenerative and necrotic changes in hepatocytes associated with
      haemorrhage, fibrosis, increased lobulation of the liver, mononuclear cell
      infiltration with haemosiderin deposition in fluke tracks and portal areas and
      the formation of granulomata around fluke eggs and fluke remnants. In the
      infected group there was slight hyperglobulinaemia and a marked hypoalbuminaemia,
      with a decrease in A/G ratio. A slight rise in the level of serum bilirubin was
      also observed.

PMID- 3701021
TI  - Studies on heterologous resistance between Schistosoma bovis and Fasciola
      gigantica in Sudanese cattle.
AB  - Using the local strains of Schistosoma bovis and Fasciola gigantica, it was shown
      that Sudanese zebu calves with mature primary infections of F. gigantica were
      highly resistant to challenge with S. bovis cercariae, and vice versa. Liver
      enzyme tests showed that, in both cases, the primary infections had caused some
      liver damage. Primary infection with irradiated S. bovis cercariae, which did not
      cause significant liver damage, did not protect significantly against challenge
      with F. gigantica.

PMID- 3701022
TI  - Thermotaxis in third and fourth-stage Dirofilaria immitis larvae.
AB  - Third-stage and fourth-stage Dirofilaria immitis larvae exhibited positive
      thermotaxis when placed in a thermal gradient. Negative thermotaxis was not
      observed. Positive thermotaxis may be important for the successful transmission
      and for directing third and fourth-stage larval migration toward predilection
      sites in the host.

PMID- 3701023
TI  - Studies on the cryopreservation of Dictyocaulus viviparus (Nematoda) third-stage
      larvae.
AB  - Various cooling (0.1-5,100 degrees C min-1) and warming (20-6,800 degrees C min
      1) rates, stepped cooling schedules and four cryoprotective additives (dimethyl
      sulphoxide, methanol, ethanediol and glycerol) were investigated in
      cryopreservation studies with Dictyocaulus viviparus third-stage larvae.
      Exsheathment with sodium hypochlorite was essential to achieve significant
      survival. With uninterrupted cooling, highest survival (30% normally motile) was
      achieved with rates of 10-70 degrees C min-1. Survival was higher (50-75%) using
      1 degree C min-1 to -10 degrees C followed by plunging into liquid nitrogen. The
      optimum warming rate was 6,800 degrees C min-1. The use of cryoprotectants led to
      marginally lower survival while varying the suspending media had no significant
      effect on survival. X-irradiated, exsheathed third-stage larvae cryopreserved by
      the optimum protocol yielded 38.3 +/- 4.2% survival. Two calves each infected
      with 45,000 (15,000 viable) exsheathed, unirradiated, cryopreserved third-stage
      larvae harboured 494 worms (1.1% infectivity) and 355 worms (0.8%) at necropsy.
      Numbers of first-stage larvae in the faeces reached 420/g and 105/g respectively
      27 days after infection.

PMID- 3701024
TI  - Duchenne muscular dystrophy. A rational approach to disease comprehension and
      therapy.

PMID- 3701025
TI  - Prevention of childhood injuries: an open agenda.

PMID- 3701026
TI  - Mushroom poisoning. A few words of caution for those adventurous mycophagists.

PMID- 3701027
TI  - Sick sinus syndrome. Report of a case with an unusual central nervous system
      symptom.

PMID- 3701028
TI  - Growth patterns and histochemical characterization of bovine mammary corpora
      amylacea.
AB  - Corpora amylacea in bovine mammary tissue were quantified across a range of size
      differentials for histochemical properties, lactation age, and lactation stage,
      in an attempt to characterize amyloid nucleation and growth. At all size
      classifications, corpora stained positively for amyloid, calcium deposits, and
      glycoprotein, while staining negatively for mucopolysaccharides. Prevalence of
      corpora amylacea among the size differentials was unrelated to age of lactating
      animals, although no corpora were observed in quarters of primiparous heifers at
      parturition. Corpora amylacea were most abundant during the later stages of
      lactation for all size differentials, and least abundant during late involution
      and early lactation. The majority of corpora were observed in alveolar lumens at
      all stages of lactation. Our results suggest that corpora amylacea development is
      not restricted to a particular stage of lactation, although their nucleation
      appears to occur within the alveolar lumens. Gradual increases in both size and
      numbers of corpora from parturition to late lactation suggest that development of
      these structures accelerates as lactation progresses. Morphological relationships
      between corpora amylacea and mammary parenchymal tissue during the later stages
      of lactation suggest that these structures may have a role in the involutionary
      process. These findings provide the foundation for additional immunocytochemical
      techniques to determine the origin of amyloid fibril components.

PMID- 3701029
TI  - Localization of a dermatan sulfate proteoglycan (DS-PGII) in cartilage and the
      presence of an immunologically related species in other tissues.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody to a core-protein-related epitope of a small dermatan
      sulfate-rich proteoglycan (DS-PGII) isolated from adult bovine articular
      cartilage (22) was used to localize this molecule, or molecules containing this
      epitope, in bovine articular cartilages, in cartilage growth plate, and in other
      connective tissues. Using an indirect method employing peroxidase-labeled pig
      anti-mouse immunoglobulin G, DS-PGII was shown to be present mainly in the
      superficial zone of adult articular condylar cartilage of the metacarpal
      phalangeal joint. In fetal articular and epiphyseal cartilages, the molecule was
      uniformly distributed throughout the matrix. By approximately 10 months of age it
      was confined mainly to the superficial and middle zones of articular cartilage
      and the inter-territorial and pericellular matrix of the deep zone. DS-PGII was
      not detected in the primary growth plate of the fetus except in the proliferative
      zone, where it was sometimes present in trace amounts. In contrast, it was
      present throughout the adjacent matrix of developing epiphyseal cartilage. In the
      trabeculae of the metaphysis, strong staining for DS-PGII was seen in decalcified
      osteoid and bone immediately adjacent to osteoblasts. Staining was also observed
      on collagen fibrils in skin, tendon, and ligament and in the adventitia of the
      aorta and of smaller arterial vessels in the skin. These observations indicate
      that DS-PGII and/or molecules containing this epitope are widely distributed in
      collagenous tissues, where the molecule is intimately associated with collagen
      fibrils; in adult cartilage this association is limited mainly to the narrow
      parallel arrays of fibrils which are found in the superficial zone at the
      articular surface. From its intimate association and other studies, this molecule
      may play an important role in determining the sizes and tensile properties of
      collagen fibrils; it may also be involved in the calcification of osteoid but not
      of cartilage.

PMID- 3701030
TI  - Light and electron microscopic localization of D-galactosyl residues in capillary
      endothelial cells of the canine cerebral cortex.
AB  - Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCA-I), a lectin that binds to D-galactosyl
      residues, intensely stained capillaries in cryostat sections of canine cerebral
      cortex when evaluated by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. Of seven
      lectins tested, only RCA-I gave strong staining of vessels and capillaries with
      little staining of other cortical cells. Ultrastructural studies using ferritin-,
      biotin-, and peroxidase-labeled RCA-I indicated that this lectin was bound to the
      luminal membrane of the cerebral capillary endothelial cell and that lectin
      receptors were distributed continuously along this membrane. Plasmalemma
      invaginations that bound RCA-I were also present in endothelial cells. Primary
      cultures of cerebral capillary endothelial cells grown on plastic or gelatin
      coated glass substrates demonstrated staining of the cell membrane and
      perinuclear structures which appeared to be the Golgi complex and secondary
      lysosomes. These staining characteristics were retained when the cells were
      subcultured and were confirmed by ultrastructural studies. In contrast, light
      microscopy showed that fibronectin was more widely distributed in the cytoplasm,
      a finding consistent with its occurrence in the endoplasmic reticulum. This work
      provides support for the concept that lectins may be useful endothelial cell
      markers in both intact tissue and cell culture.

PMID- 3701031
TI  - Methyl green-pyronin stain distinguishes proliferating from differentiated
      nonproliferating cell nuclei after acid denaturation of DNA.
AB  - We applied methyl green-pyronin (MG-P) stain, which is usually used for the
      selective staining of DNA and RNA, to frozen sections of rat jejunal and
      esophageal mucosa, following digestion with RNase and treatment with various
      concentrations of HCl. The pyroninophilia of the nuclei increased with increasing
      strength of the acid, but the susceptibility of the nuclei to acid differed among
      cell populations. In the jejunal epithelium, at an appropriate acid strength the
      nuclei in the crypts of Lieberkuhn were less acid-sensitive and remained blue
      green, whereas those in the villi were more pyroninophilic and stained lavender.
      Under the same conditions, the nuclei in the basal layer of the esophageal
      epithelium were blue-green and those in the spinous and granular layers were
      increasingly lavender. These results suggest that in cell-renewal systems the
      differentiated, nonproliferating cells are more sensitive to acid denaturation of
      DNA than the undifferentiated, actively proliferating cells. MG-P stain, which is
      able to distinguish double-stranded from single-stranded DNA, may be used as a
      tool to stain proliferating and nonproliferating cell nuclei differentially in
      tissue sections.

PMID- 3701032
TI  - Cytochemical localization of malate synthase in amphibian fat body adipocytes:
      possible glyoxylate cycle in a vertebrate.
AB  - The adipocytes of amphibian abdominal fat bodies contain typical
      microperoxisomes, as indicated by their fine structure. Electron microscopic
      cytochemistry showed that these organelles contain the enzymes catalase, typical
      for peroxisomes, and malate synthase. The latter is an enzymatic component
      characteristic of the glyoxylate cycle, a biochemical pathway known to exist in
      plant glyoxysomes (peroxisomes). This metabolic pathway makes possible the net
      conversion of lipid to carbohydrate. Toad adipocytes may represent yet another
      example of vertebrate peroxisomes which contain one of the marker enzymes (malate
      synthase) characteristic of the glyoxylate shunt.

PMID- 3701033
TI  - Cationic colloidal gold--a new probe for the detection of anionic cell surface
      sites by electron microscopy.
AB  - Particles of colloidal gold were coated with poly-L-lysine to prepare cationic
      colloidal gold. Monodispersed colloidal gold with a particle diameter of 5, 8, or
      15 nm and poly-L-lysine with a molecular weight of 350,000 or 1500-8000 were
      used. The resulting complexes were used to label red blood cell membranes. The
      labeling was sensitive to neuraminidase treatment or acid hydrolysis,
      demonstrating that cationic colloidal gold binds preferentially to anionic cell
      surface constituents. Cationic colloidal gold can be used at physiological pH
      values and ionic strength, as well as at low pH values, making it a flexible
      probe for detection of anionic cellular components.

PMID- 3701034
TI  - Spectrophotometric determination of intracellular pH with cultured rat liver
      epithelial cells.
AB  - A spectrophotometric method using 6-carboxyfluorescein (CF) was developed to
      determine intracellular pH in anchorage-dependent monolayers of control cells of
      rat hepatic origin. Until now, such studies have been carried out with ascites
      cells in suspension, which lack specific controls for comparative studies. The
      rat cell line is grown on plastic Leighton tube slides which fit directly into 3
      cm spectrophotometer cuvettes. One sample, without CF, serves as a control for
      the light-scattering properties of the cell monolayers. Steady-state
      determinations show a decline in intracellular pH from 7.3 to 6.8 ten minutes
      after the addition of glucose and quercetin. Kinetic determinations show that
      with the addition of glucose to substrate-free cells the rate of acid formation
      is -0.02 pH units/min; the addition of quercetin results in a further
      acceleration of the kinetic rate to -0.10 pH units/min. In both types of
      analyses, the change in intracellular pH is standardized with nigericin and
      external buffers, based on the decrease in the maximum absorption of CF at 492
      nm. The results demonstrate that even with anchorage-dependent monolayers of a
      control hepatocyte line which produces very little acid, this spectrophotometric
      method permits determinations sufficiently sensitive for analysis of
      intracellular pH.

PMID- 3701035
TI  - Simultaneous autoradiographic and histochemical analysis of bone formed in vitro.
AB  - The simultaneous histochemical demonstration of alkaline phosphatase activity and
      autoradiographic demonstration of [3H]-thymidine uptake is valuable for study of
      bone cell kinetics in vivo or in vitro. By use of this technique, it has been
      possible to detect changes induced by a single dose of dexamethasone (10(-7) M)
      in the time course of alkaline phosphatase activity, the number of alkaline
      phosphatase-positive cells, and [3H]-thymidine labeling in bone formed in vitro.

PMID- 3701036
TI  - The protection of infant mice from colonization with Campylobacter jejuni by
      vaccination of the dams.
AB  - Intraperitoneal vaccination of female mice, before mating, with a whole cell,
      heat-killed (62 degrees C) vaccine of Campylobacter jejuni allowed the mother to
      confer immunity to her young, challenged orally 4-6 days after birth with the
      homologous strain. There was no protection against a strain of another serotype.
      Heating the vaccine to 100 degrees C destroyed its protective properties. A
      vaccine prepared from an aflagellate variant of the original strain was as
      protective as the original vaccine against challenge with the flagellated strain.
      Anti-flagellar serum antibody titres of the dams did not correlate with
      protection of their young.

PMID- 3701037
TI  - Campylobacter jejuni in broilers: the role of vertical transmission.
AB  - The role of broiler eggs in the transmission of Campylobacter jejuni to broiler
      grow-out flocks was investigated. Six breeder flocks supplying broiler eggs to
      hatcheries were examined for cloacal carriage of C. jejuni. Of 240 birds tested,
      178 (74%) were C. jejuni-positive. Eggs from these birds examined for C. jejuni
      penetration of the egg shell indicated that 185 of 187 were campylobacter-free.
      Eggs from breeder flocks of unknown C. jejuni status were also examined for C.
      jejuni shell penetration. C. jejuni was not isolated from 142 eggs examined. A
      further 193 hatchery eggs incubated and hatched in the laboratory were
      campylobacter-free. Six farms containing the progeny of C. jejuni-positive
      breeder flocks were monitored. Eight hundred and forty birds from 14 flocks in
      these grow-out farms were campylobacter-free during their 6-week grow-out period.
      Experimental egg-penetration studies indicated that C. jejuni transmission via
      the egg is not easily effected. Of 257 eggs surface-challenged with C. jejuni,
      162 hatched; all were campylobacter-free. Of 167 eggs injected with C. jejuni, 12
      hatched; 2 of these were colonized with C. jejuni. Our data do not support a role
      for vertical transmission of C. jejuni in commercial broiler production.

PMID- 3701038
TI  - Experimental plague infection in South African wild rodents.
AB  - Susceptibility studies were undertaken to determine the response of some South
      African wild rodent species to experimental plague (Yersinia pestis) infection. A
      degree of plague resistance was found in three gerbil species captured in the
      plague enzootic region of the northern Cape Province, these being the Namaqua
      gerbil, Desmodillus auricularis, (LD50 1 X 10(6) organisms), the bushveld gerbil,
      Tatera leucogaster, (LD50 9.1 X 10(5)) and the highveld gerbil, T. brantsii (LD50
      4 X 10(2)). Animals from a population of the four-striped mouse, Rhabdomys
      pumilio, captured in the plague area of Port Elizabeth, proved moderately
      resistant to experimental plague infection (LD50 1.3 X 10(4)) while those from
      another population of the same species captured in a plague-free area of the
      Orange Free State were extremely susceptible (LD50, 5 organisms). The response of
      both populations however was a heterogeneous one. Marked differences in
      susceptibility were also found between two populations of multimammate mice,
      Mastomys natalensis (2n = 32) although both originated from areas outwith the
      known distribution of plague in southern Africa. The 50% infectious dose was
      relatively high in T. leucogaster (3.2 X 10(2)) and D. auricularis (1.7 X 10(3)),
      but was low (2-16 organisms) in the other rodent species tested. The plague
      antibody response, determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), was
      extremely short-lived in T. leucogaster, only 10% of inoculated animals remaining
      seropositive at low titres after 11 weeks. Antibodies persisted for only slightly
      longer in the sera of T. brantsii which were reinoculated with 2 X 10(3) plague
      organisms 6 weeks after initial challenge. The demonstration of the existence of
      both susceptible and resistant populations of R. pumilio and M. natalensis
      indicates that these species must be considered as potential plague reservoir
      hosts in parts of South Africa. The results suggest that resistance to plague
      infection in previously epizootic hosts in the northern Cape Province such as
      Tatera sp. and D. auricularis has arisen through continual selective pressure of
      the organism. If the findings are applicable to gerbil populations in other
      plague enzootic regions of South Africa it is probable that acquired plague
      resistance has been responsible for the absence of gerbil epizootics and
      consequently for the dramatic decline in human plague outbreaks in South Africa
      since 1950.

PMID- 3701039
TI  - Microbiology of beef carcasses before and after slaughterline automation.
AB  - The bacterial status of beef carcasses at a commercial abattoir was monitored
      before and after slaughterline automation. Bacterial counts did not differ
      significantly overall (P greater than 0.05) between the original manual line and
      the automated line for either morning or afternoon slaughter. On the manual line
      counts in the morning were lower than those from carcasses slaughtered in the
      afternoon, but on the automated line there was no difference between morning and
      afternoon counts. Due to highly significant line X sample site interaction for
      both morning and afternoon counts, overall differences among sample sites were
      not found by analysis of variance. However, principal components analysis
      revealed a significant shift in bacterial contamination among some sites due to
      slaughterline changes. The incidence of Enterobacteriaceae increased marginally
      following automation.

PMID- 3701040
TI  - The cellular fatty acid composition of Campylobacter species isolated from cases
      of enteritis in man and animals.
AB  - The cellular fatty acid composition of 41 strains of suspected Campylobacter
      jejuni, 23 from human cases of gastroenteritis and 18 from animals, was examined
      by gas-liquid chromatography. Three of the 23 human isolates and 2 of 18 animal
      isolates did not contain 19:0 cyclopropane fatty acid and were identified as C.
      laridis. The remaining 36 strains had cellular fatty acid profiles consistent
      with C. jejuni but could be divided into three groups on the ratio of the
      concentration of 18:1 and 19:0 cycloproprane. Most human isolates (85%) were in
      groups II or III whereas most animal isolates (56%) were in group I. It is
      proposed that gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of cellular fatty acids is a
      relatively easy method for epidemiological typing of C. jejuni isolates.

PMID- 3701041
TI  - Molecular epidemiology of human rotavirus.
AB  - The epidemiology of human rotavirus (HRV) in north-east Scotland was investigated
      between 1982 and 1984. During this period 708 HRV infections were recorded. The
      majority (83%) of the infections were in children less than 5 years of age
      although some were recorded in adults. The peak incidence occurred in the winter
      months although a high number of HRV infections was reported during the summer of
      1983. A total of 840 faecal specimens containing rotavirus were screened for HRV
      genome RNA by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Seven hundred (83%) specimens
      gave RNA profiles suitable for establishing the HRV electrophoretype. Twenty-five
      different electrophoretypes were identified, of which 21 had 'long' RNA profiles
      and four had 'short' RNA profiles. There was extensive co-circulation of distinct
      electrophoretypes although during any one epidemic period the majority of viruses
      belonged to a relatively small number of types. Comparison of viruses collected
      from hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients showed no differences in
      electrophoretype distribution. HRV was identified in faecal specimens from a wide
      age group and no correlation was demonstrated between age of patient and
      electrophoretype of the infecting virus.

PMID- 3701042
TI  - Institutional outbreaks of rotavirus diarrhoea: potential role of fomites and
      environmental surfaces as vehicles for virus transmission.
AB  - To assess the potential of fomites and environmental surfaces as vehicles in the
      transmission of rotaviral diarrhoea, disks (1 cm diameter) of various porous and
      non-porous materials were contaminated with about 10(5) plaque-forming units of
      the Wa strain of human rotavirus (HRV) suspended in faecal matter. The
      contaminated disks were then held for 10 days at either room temperature (22 +/-
      2 degrees C) or 4 degrees C with the relative humidity (RH) at the high (85 +/-
      5%), medium (50 +/- 5%) or low (25 +/- 5%) level. Survival was longer on non
      porous surfaces at the lower temperature and at lower humidity. In contrast,
      survival on porous surfaces was very variable; better on cotton-polyester than on
      poster card or paper currency on which HRV survived very poorly. These results
      suggest that under the right environmental conditions, HRV-contaminated objects
      could play a role in the transmission of rotavirus infections in hospitals,
      nursing homes and day-care centres.

PMID- 3701043
TI  - Rubella epidemiology in South East England.
AB  - Analyses of data collected in a large survey (sample size greater than 3000) of
      rubella antibody in South East England, finely stratified according to age,
      reveal age-dependent changes in the pattern of virus transmission. The rate or
      force of infection changes from low in the young children to high in the 5- to 15
      year-olds and back to low again in the adult age classes (there is a 50%
      reduction between the 5- to 15-year-olds and the 20+-year-olds). Raised levels of
      immunity are recorded in the teenage and young adult female segments of the
      population as a consequence of the UK rubella immunization programme. Mean
      antibody concentrations show a decline with age and are, on average, lower in
      vaccinated females when compared with unvaccinated males of the same age. The
      interpretation of horizontal cross-sectional serological data and future research
      needs are discussed.

PMID- 3701044
TI  - Quantitative investigations of different vaccination policies for the control of
      congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in the United Kingdom.
AB  - The paper examines predictions of the impact of various one-, two- and three
      stage vaccination policies on the incidence of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS)
      in the United Kingdom with the aid of a mathematical model of the transmission
      dynamics of rubella virus. Parameter estimates for the model are derived from
      either serological data or case notifications, and special attention is given to
      the significance of age-related changes in the rate of exposure to rubella
      infection and heterogeneous mixing between age groups. Where possible, model
      predictions are compared with observed epidemiological trends. The principal
      conclusion of the analyses is that benefit is to be gained in the UK, both in the
      short and long term, by the introduction of a multiple-stage vaccination policy
      involving high levels of vaccination coverage of young male and female children
      (at around two years of age) and teenage girls (between the ages of 10-15 years),
      plus continued surveillance and vaccination of adult women in the child-bearing
      age classes. Model predictions suggest that to reduce the incidence of CRS in
      future years, below the level generated by a continuation of the current UK
      policy (the vaccination of teenage girls), would require high rates of
      vaccination (greater than 60%) of both boys and girls at around two years of age.
      Numerical studies also suggest that uniform vaccination coverage levels of
      greater than 80-85% of young male and female children could, in the long term (40
      years or more), eradicate rubella virus from the population. The robustness of
      these conclusions with respect to the accuracy of parameter estimates and various
      assumptions concerning the pattern of age-related change in exposure to
      infections and 'who acquires infection from whom' is discussed.

PMID- 3701045
TI  - Infection with influenza A H1N1. 1. Production and persistence of antibody.
AB  - Three outbreaks of influenza caused by influenza A H1N1 occurred in a boys'
      boarding school in 1978, 1979 and 1983. The serological response to infection
      with variants of the H1N1 virus was studied by radial haemolysis and
      haemagglutination inhibition after primary infection and reinfection. The
      persistence of this antibody was also studied. Infection in 1978 resulted in the
      production of persistent antibody to both the haemagglutinin and neuraminidase of
      the homotypic strain. Antibody which cross-reacted with later variants of the
      virus was less frequently produced, the peak response was delayed and such
      antibody persisted less well. Infection in 1979 resulted in a similar response to
      that observed in 1978 after primary infection. Reinfection resulted in a broad
      response in all cases. In 1983 all infected boys produced antibody which reacted
      with the homotypic strain but only approximately one-third of primary infections
      produced antibody which reacted with the A/USSR/92/77 strain. The neuraminidase
      of the A/USSR strain failed to detect one third of the primary infections.
      Reinfection again resulted in a broad response.

PMID- 3701046
TI  - Infection with influenza A H1N1. 2. The effect of past experience on natural
      challenge.
AB  - Following its reintroduction in 1978 influenza A H1N1 spread widely in the child
      population. By the autumn of 1979, 75% of 11-year olds entering a boys' boarding
      school had detectable antibody. The protective effect of previous experience
      could be assessed during two outbreaks in the school. In the first outbreak in
      1979, 90% of those known to have been infected in the previous year were
      protected against reinfection. In 1983 after strains of the H1N1 subtype had
      undergone antigenic drift a large outbreak occurred. It was estimated that past
      infection conferred protection against clinical influenza in 55%. Where past
      infection resulted in the presence of antibody which reacted with the outbreak
      strain the attack rate was further reduced. A large number of sub-clinical
      infections was detected in all groups.

PMID- 3701047
TI  - Biological monitoring of environmental pollution and human exposure to some trace
      elements.
AB  - The extent of environmental pollution and resulting human exposure to hazardous
      toxic chemicals in the environment is often difficult to assess. One of the
      possible alternative approaches to this problem is the use of the biological
      indicators to demonstrate environmental pollution. This approach appears to be
      particularly suitable for demonstrating exposure to potentially toxic trace
      elements. In addition to analyses of plant and animal specimens the element
      content of human hair as an indicator of exposures to arsenic, mercury, cadmium,
      lead, antimony, manganese, nickel and cobalt has been repeatedly confirmed as
      reliable, provided the analyses were carried out and evaluated on group
      diagnostic basis and were done in groups of individuals occupationally not
      exposed to these metals. Preferably groups of 10-year-old children are to be used
      when only environmental pollution is to be taken into account. Hair samples are
      incomparably easier to collect, transport and store than the alternative
      biological material such as blood and urine used commonly to demonstrate exposure
      to various toxic agents. Biological monitoring of environmental pollution cannot
      replace the standard procedures of measuring air, water and soil pollution;
      however, the technique appears to have the potential of being an effective tool
      search for the extent of environmental pollution and for delimitation of
      territorial boundaries of areas affected most by hazardous emissions containing
      potentially toxic trace elements.

PMID- 3701048
TI  - A case of human cryptosporidiosis in Czechoslovakia.
AB  - A case of human cryptosporidiosis, the first one reported in Czechoslovakia, is
      described. The disease was diagnosed by the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts
      in the feces. The methods used independently to identify oocysts were the fecal
      flotation technique employing a saturated solution of sucrose and the microscopic
      examination of stained fecal smears. The patient was a 4-year-old boy with watery
      diarrhea of 5 days' duration who was kept on a diet and treated with a suspension
      of Endiaron N Spofa. Excretion positivity for Cryptosporidium oocysts in the
      feces was detectable at 3 and 5 days after appearance of first clinical
      manifestations. Bacteriological examination was repeatedly negative. This finding
      leaves little doubt as to existence of human cryptosporidiosis in Czechoslovakia,
      but what remains obscure is its overall contribution to the etiology of diarrheal
      diseases encountered in the population.

PMID- 3701049
TI  - Physico-chemical and toxico-hygienic aspects of using ethylene oxide for the
      sterilization of articles for medical use. Part 2. Toxicity and risk of ethylene
      oxide entering the organism by non-inhalation routes.
AB  - Results of investigation of toxicity of ethylene oxide (EO) entering the organism
      by routes other than inhalation (subcutaneous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal,
      intravenous) have demonstrated that the substance causes intoxication
      characterized by polytropic effect on many vitally important organs and systems.
      The changes in most of the indices under study show a phasic character and dose
      time dependence. In both the acute and chronic effect, impairment of the state of
      the nervous system, the liver, kidney, blood and reactivity of the organism come
      to the foreground. After one single entrance, EO becomes manifest as a low-risk
      (class 4) compound (Limac for subcutaneous, intraperitoneal and intravenous
      routes being 5.0, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg, respectively); after repeated exposure as a
      high-risk (class 2) compound (Limchr for subcutaneous and intraperitoneal route
      being 1.0 and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively). In comparison with the subcutaneous
      route, the intravenous and intraperitoneal routes are more dangerous. The
      obtained parameters of EO toxicometry can be used as a basis for the calculation
      of safe levels of residual quantities of the compound in articles for medical
      use.

PMID- 3701050
TI  - Results and perspectives of collaboration of CMEA member countries in the field
      of developing sanitary-chemical methods of determining toxic compounds in the air
      and biomedia.
AB  - Some theoretical and practical problems of controlling industrial environment and
      biological substrates in the CMEA countries are discussed. Particular attention
      has been paid to the unification of methodological instructions concerning common
      requirements and methods of supervision, as also to the coordination and
      unification of the methods of determining some chemical compounds in the air of
      the working zone and in biological materials.

PMID- 3701051
TI  - Experimental study of combined effect of solvents and noise.
AB  - Experimental studies of simultaneous exposure of the organism to chemical
      compounds and other unfavourable occupational and social factors are of great
      importance for the understanding of the mechanisms of combined effect and the
      detection of the dose-effect dependence. On a total number of 2000 made Wistar
      rats, 7 series of experiments were carried out in which the combined effect of
      solvents widely used in industry (acetone, carbon disulphide, trichloroethylene)
      and noise at varying levels (1-2, 10 Limchr for the solvents and 85, 95 dB A for
      noise) and duration of exposure (1 1/2-2 and 4 months) was studied. Biological
      effect was evaluated dynamically using a complex of indices reflecting the state
      of the principal systems of the organism--the nervous, cardiovascular, endocrine
      and immune systems. Results of the studies were analysed using a linear model by
      means of which the types of interaction of the factors could be classified. In
      all the series of experiments, an antagonistic type of combined effect was found
      to predominate according to most different indices. The mechanisms underlying the
      antagonistic interaction between the solvents showing narcotic effect, and noise
      are discussed.

PMID- 3701052
TI  - Effect of work load on the content of carboxymyoglobin in the heart and skeletal
      muscles of rats exposed to carbon monoxide.
AB  - Female albino rats were exposed to carbon monoxide in concentrations ranging from
      130 to 1030 mg/m3 for a period of 40 minutes. During the last 20 minutes of
      exposure, the rats were subject to forced run on a flat treadmill moving at a
      rate of 400 m/hour. Immediately after termination of exposure, the concentration
      of carboxyhemoglobin and lactic acid in blood, as also the concentration of
      carboxymyoglobin in the heart and skeletal muscles were determined. Work load did
      not influence the level of carboxyhemoglobin in blood, though inducing an
      increase in the concentration of carboxymyoglobin in both the heart muscle and
      the skeletal muscle. The increase in the concentration of lactic acid in the
      blood was observed only in rats exposed to carbon monoxide in an average
      concentration of 1030 mg/m3 and simultaneous work load. Results of the
      observations demonstrate that simultaneous effect of carbon monoxide and work
      load can induce more severe tissue hypoxia than could be expected on the basis of
      carboxyhemoglobin concentration in the blood.

PMID- 3701053
TI  - Theoretical substantiation and recommendations of a system of biochemical
      criteria for the evaluation of the pre-pathological state due to the membrane
      damaging effect of environmental factors.
AB  - Generalizations derived from experimental studies of enzymic disorganization and
      stability of membranes of cellular structures (microsomes, mitochondria,
      lysosomes, cytoplasmic membrane) of various organs and systems (liver, kidney,
      lung, brain, placenta, gonads, alveolar macrophages and others) due to hepato-,
      neuro-, gonado-, embryotoxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effect of chemical
      pollutants of the environment are presented. Evaluation of the membrane-damaging
      effect taking into account the stage of labilization of biomembranes (according
      to severity of manifestation) and compensatory defence reactions at the moleculo
      cellular level (alveolar macrophages) is recommended. Classification of
      biochemical methods (according to priority) is proposed for the evaluation of
      early functional changes during the examination of the health state of the
      population in dependence on the effect of environmental factors.

PMID- 3701054
TI  - Results and perspectives of unification of regulating the chemical factor in
      industrial environment.
AB  - Some scientific-organizational problems of coordinating work within the framework
      of CMEA and the perspectives of further unification of hygienic standards of
      chemical factors in industrial environment are expounded.

PMID- 3701055
TI  - Arbovirological survey in Silica plateau area, Roznava District, Czechoslovakia.
AB  - The serosurveys conducted in the Silica plateau area of the Slovak karst region
      revealed the presence of specific neutralizing antibody against tick-borne
      encephalitis (TBE) virus in 18% of local inhabitants (33 examined, mostly goats
      and sheep farmers), 54% of goats (26 examined), 18% of sheep (120 examined) and
      13% of cattle (60 examined), against Lipovnik (LIP) virus in 30% of inhabitants,
      88% of goats, 55% of sheep and 45% of cattle, and against Bhanja (BHA) virus in
      27% of inhabitants, 46% of goats, 29% of sheep and 23% of cattle. The results of
      hemagglutination-inhibition tests with TBE and BHA antigens were analogous. A
      detailed analysis of these serologic data points to a recent enhancement of the
      circulation of LIP and BHA viruses and to a very low TBE virus activity in this
      natural focus of arboviral infections. The immunological surveys of the 32 former
      "Roznava disease" patients, conducted 25 years after an extensive epidemic of a
      TBE virus infection that originated in Roznava in 1951, revealed the presence of
      neutralizing (and also hemagglutination-inhibiting) antibodies against TBE virus
      in as many as 78% of cases. Antibodies against LIP and BHA viruses were also
      detectable in the sera of 16% and 9%, respectively, of these individuals.
      Populations of the ectoparasites examined for the presence of arbovirus comprised
      231 Ixodes ricinus, 806 Dermacentor marginatus and 204 Haemaphysalis punctata
      ticks and 117 specimens of the louse-flies Melophagus ovinus. Two strains of
      arbivirus that were antigenically related to Lipovnik and Tribec viruses
      belonging to a group of Kemerovo viruses were isolated from male and female I.
      ricinus ticks collected from cattle.

PMID- 3701056
TI  - Intestinal parasitic infections in pre-school children in the Niger Delta.
AB  - Stool specimens from 1,062 pre-school children in the Niger Delta were examined
      for the presence of intestinal parasites. Of that number, 77.6% harboured one or
      more than one species of intestinal parasites. Ascaris lumbricoides (51.9%) and
      Trichuris trichiura (41.7%) were the most prevalent species recorded. Other
      parasites harboured by these children included Hymenolepis sp. (18.3%), Giardia
      lamblia (9.2%), Entamoeba histolytica (4.6%), Strongyloides stercoralis (1.4%).
      Hookworm, Taenia sp., Isospora sp. and Trichostrongylus sp. occurred in less than
      1% of the children examined. These high rates of infection are associated with
      poor sanitary conditions prevalent in the area. Improvement of environmental
      sanitation is advised to reduce human sufferings caused by parasites in that area
      particularly among children.

PMID- 3701057
TI  - Suppression of the respiratory burst of human monocytes by a synthetic peptide
      homologous to envelope proteins of human and animal retroviruses.

PMID- 3701058
TI  - Role of the Sm antigen in the generation of anti-Sm autoantibodies in the SLE
      prone MRL mouse.
AB  - MRL/Mp-+/+ (+/+) and MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr (lpr) mice spontaneously produce the SLE
      specific anti-nuclear antibody, anti-Sm. Previous work on the clonality and
      specificity of the anti-Sm response has suggested that the Sm antigen itself
      induces this autoantibody. In the present work, we have directly investigated the
      immunogenicity of Sm. In short-term cultures, Sm antigen was shown to be
      important for the de novo generation of anti-Sm PFC in vitro. The addition of
      purified Sm to cultures of spleen cells from anti-Sm-positive lpr mice augmented
      the number of anti-Sm PFC on day 4. Also, the addition of Fab anti-Sm to such
      cultures inhibited the generation of anti-Sm PFC, probably by blocking
      determinants on endogenous Sm. The ability of the autoantigen to initiate anti-Sm
      generation in vivo was investigated by hyperimmunizing +/+ mice with Sm from
      rabbit or mouse sources. Such mice specifically produced antibodies that
      recognized both rabbit and mouse Sm as determined by ELISA. The IgG subclass
      distribution of these induced antibodies was similar to that of spontaneous anti
      Sm antibodies found in older mice of the same strain. Our data indicate that the
      Sm antigen can both initiate and augment production of the anti-Sm autoantibody.
      These findings provide additional evidence that the spontaneous anti-Sm response
      in SLE is antigen driven.

PMID- 3701059
TI  - Heterogeneous profiles of a factor that renders neutrophils cytotoxic obtained
      from a concanavalin A-stimulated spleen cell culture in partial purification
      process.
AB  - Concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated rat spleen cells were cultured in a serum-free
      conditioned medium. This culture supernatant contained a certain factor(s) that
      renders neutrophil cytotoxic for various tumor cells. The factor was tentatively
      termed neutrophil-activating factor (NAF). Rat NAF was partially purified from
      the serum-free culture supernatant by using ion exchange chromatography of DEAE
      Sephadex A-50, gel filtration of Sephadex G-100, and affinity chromatography of
      Con A-Sepharose 4B. NAF activity was eluted in broad fractions by the ion
      exchange chromatography and the gel filtration. Moreover, on the Con A column,
      some NAF activities were bound to the column, but other activities passed through
      the column. These results showed the heterogeneity or polydispersity of NAF
      activity in both molecular size and charge-based separation properties.
      Monoclonal antibodies were produced by fusing BALB/c myeloma cells (P3-X63
      Ag8.653) with spleen cells from syngeneic mice immunized with partially purified
      NAF (pNAF) obtained from the gel filtration. Absorbent beads which were linked
      with one monoclonal antibody (ANAF-10) partially absorbed NAF activity from
      supernatants of a Con A-stimulated spleen cell culture. Further purification of
      pNAF was performed with the use of affinity chromatography of ANAF-10-linked
      Sepharose. Through these procedures, the NAF activity was concentrated about
      10,000-fold. Heterogeneity of NAF activity, however, did not disappear in even
      this affinity chromatography. On the other hand, 125I-labeled material of the
      final product migrated to one major band corresponding with an m.w. of about
      20,000 as determined by SDS-PAGE analysis, and NAF activity was detected in the
      same band.

PMID- 3701060
TI  - Apolipoprotein E is a biologically active constituent of the normal
      immunoregulatory lipoprotein, LDL-In.
AB  - A normal plasma lipoprotein, termed LDL-In, has been shown to be a potent
      inhibitor of mitogen-driven human lymphocyte proliferation in vitro and of
      primary antibody responses in the mouse. To determine whether the
      immunoregulatory activity of LDL-In resided with the protein rather than the
      lipid constituents of LDL-In, one of the apoproteins of LDL-In, apoprotein E, was
      isolated from plasma and was analyzed for its inhibitory activity. Apoprotein E,
      isolated after delipidization of lipoproteins with either methyl ethyl ketone or
      ethanol and ethyl ether, was immunosuppressive. Furthermore, the characteristics
      of inhibition of cellular [3H]thymidine uptake by isolated apoprotein E were
      identical to those characteristics obtained with suppression by LDL-In.
      Inhibition by apoprotein E and LDL-In required preincubation of the cells with
      either apoprotein or lipoprotein for 24 hr before exposure of the cells to
      mitogen for maximal expression of suppressive activity, and this inhibition could
      not be reversed by removal of non-cell-associated inhibitor before stimulation.
      Neither apoprotein E or LDL-In was inhibitory when they were added to the cells
      after mitogen stimulation. The only difference noted between suppression by
      apoprotein E and LDL-In was that of dose. Compared with quantitative estimates of
      the apoprotein E content of LDL-In, significantly more isolated apoprotein E was
      required than lipoprotein-associated E for comparable levels of suppression. The
      potency of apoprotein E could be increased by adding it to cells in the presence
      of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine/cholesterol vesicles. The data suggesting that
      phospholipid increased the specific activity of apoprotein E by altering its
      molecular dispersion was obtained from analyses of the interaction of apo E with
      cells, as well as the plastic culture vessels. The results suggested that the
      molecular dispersion and perhaps organization of isolated apoprotein E in an
      aqueous system is critical to its interaction with lymphocytes and subsequently
      its biological activity.

PMID- 3701061
TI  - The kinetics of clearance of human antibody/dsDNA immune complexes from rabbit
      circulation. Effects of dsDNA size, rheumatoid factor, and reduction and
      alkylation of the antibodies.
AB  - We have conducted in vivo investigations of the rate of clearance of prepared
      antibody/dsDNA immune complexes from the circulation of rabbits and have
      correlated the results with some in vitro immunologic properties of the
      complexes. Those complexes that fix complement most efficiently in vitro (as
      manifested by their complement-mediated binding to human red blood cells or
      rabbit platelets) are cleared most rapidly. Factors that decrease this binding
      such as reduction and alkylation of the antibodies or the use of dsDNA of a lower
      m.w. also tend to prolong the circulation times for the complexes. This study
      provides additional evidence in support of a complement-mediated platelet immune
      complex clearance mechanism in non-primates that parallels the erythrocyte immune
      complex clearance mechanism in primates first described by He bert. Finally, the
      implications of our findings with respect to the importance of dsDNA size in the
      pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus are discussed.

PMID- 3701062
TI  - The immune response towards beta-adrenergic ligands and their receptors. VI.
      Idiotypy of monoclonal anti-alprenolol antibodies.
AB  - Four murine monoclonal antibodies specific for alprenolol, a synthetic beta
      adrenergic ligand, with different binding properties towards alprenolol and other
      beta-adrenergic antagonists and agonists (as described in a previous report) were
      used to induce anti-idiotypic responses in rabbits and mice. Three of the rabbit
      anti-idiotypes inhibited, and one increased the binding of tritiated
      dihydroalprenolol to the Ab1 against which they were induced. The syngeneic mouse
      anti-idiotypes all had an inhibitory effect on the ligand binding to their
      corresponding Ab1. Cross-reactivity tests of the xenogeneic and syngeneic anti
      idiotypes were positive only for two monoclonal anti-alprenolol antibodies. Cross
      reaction could be shown neither on a panel of 15 other monoclonals, nor on
      polyclonal anti-alprenolol antibodies of the BALB/c and the C57BL/10 mice. These
      results suggest that the immune response against alprenolol results in antibodies
      with mostly private idiotypic determinants. Moreover, the properties of the anti
      idiotypic response against the same monoclonal antibody seem to be different
      according to the species used for anti-idiotypic induction.

PMID- 3701063
TI  - Induction of monocyte-macrophage procoagulant activity by transformed cell lines.
AB  - Human peripheral blood monocytes and mature macrophages were found to produce
      significant procoagulant activity (PCA), identified as tissue factor, on exposure
      to a variety of human (K562, HL60, Raji) and murine (TU5, NS-1) transformed cell
      lines. The monocyte procoagulant response was vigorous, generating PCA to a level
      nearly comparable to the response to endotoxin, a known stimulant for monocyte
      PCA. The response was rapid and could be fully elicited, in a dose-dependent
      fashion, within 4 hr with HL60 and Raji cell lines and within 14 hr with K562,
      TU5, and NS-1 cells. The monocyte PCA-inducing activity was found to reside in
      the membrane fraction of transformed cells. Other transformed human (Laz 509, Laz
      221, Laz 156, U937, CEM) and murine (L1210, P815, TLX9, WEHI 164) cell lines had
      little, if any, activity. The induction of monocyte PCA by transformed cells most
      probably was not due to an allogeneic signal, as 1) the K562 and HL60 cell lines
      were potent PCA inducers despite the lack of class II histocompatibility antigen
      expression, whereas Laz 156, which did express HLA antigens, was ineffective; 2)
      mouse peritoneal macrophages responded with the production of strong PCA to the
      syngeneic transformed cell lines TU5 and NS-1. The monocyte-macrophage
      procoagulant response to transformed cell lines appeared to be independent of T
      lymphocytes. Indeed, monocytes purified on the basis of reactivity with
      monoclonal antibody Mo2 and sorting or depleted of contaminating T cells by anti
      T3 antibody and complement responded similarly to conventional monocyte
      preparations. The production of tissue factor by monocyte-macrophages in response
      to exposure to some tumor cells may represent a mechanism whereby blood
      coagulation is activated in malignancy.

PMID- 3701064
TI  - Effect of altered membrane structure on NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. II.
      Conversion of NK-resistant tumor cells into NK-sensitive targets upon fusion with
      liposomes containing NK-sensitive membranes.
AB  - There is a large body of evidence that supports the notion that NK cells exert
      important immune surveillance functions in vivo, against a variety of virus
      infected and neoplastic cells. However, certain targets are not susceptible to
      lysis by NK cells. The exact mechanism by which resistance or sensitivity is
      conferred on target cells is not known. We investigated whether the selectivity
      to NK lysis is a property of the membrane of the target cell. This was examined
      by the application of a recently developed method which is aimed at changing the
      membrane structure of the target cell by cell-liposome fusion. Our studies
      demonstrate that NK-resistant tumor cells acquired sensitivity to lysis by NK
      cells after fusion with reconstituted vesicles which contained membrane
      components derived from NK-sensitive target cells. The fusion required the
      presence of Sendai virus envelope glycoproteins and exogenous lipids (soybean
      lecithin and cholesterol) for maximal efficiency. This finding was demonstrated
      in both the human system (with U937 and Raji as NK-sensitive and -resistant cell
      lines, respectively) and the rat/murine system (with YAC-1 as NK-sensitive target
      and P815 and YAC-asc as NK-resistant targets). Both the 51Cr-release assay and
      the single cell assay showed lysis of the modified target cells in a 3-hr
      incubation period. The magnitude of the cytotoxic activity was found to depend on
      the concentration of reconstituted vesicles used in the fusion step. The effect
      seen was specific because target cells were not lysed when fused with vesicles
      which contained membrane constituents derived from either NK-resistant targets or
      NK-sensitive targets from another species (human vs mouse). The resistance of
      modified target cells to lysis by xenogeneic NK cells was not due to failure of
      membrane fusion, as detected by immunofluorescence, or to failure to form
      conjugates. These results demonstrate the feasibility of converting a resistant
      NK target to a sensitive target by cell-liposome fusion. Furthermore, the data
      indicate that susceptibility to lysis by NK cells is a property of the membrane
      composition of the target cell. The significance of these findings is discussed.

PMID- 3701065
TI  - A monosaccharide precursor of Escherichia coli lipid A has the ability to induce
      tumor-cytotoxic factor production by a murine macrophage-like cell line, J774.1.
AB  - A monosaccharide precursor of Escherichia coli lipid A, designated lipid X, which
      is a diacylglucosamine 1-phosphate with beta-hydroxymyristoyl groups at positions
      2 and 3, was shown to have the ability to induce the production of tumor necrosis
      factor (TNF)-like tumor-cytotoxic factor by a murine macrophage-like cell line,
      J774.1. This cytotoxic factor was released from J774.1 cells grown in the
      presence of lipid X and related compounds, and it was assayed as to its lytic
      activity against [3H]thymidine-labeled L929 cells. Dose-response studies revealed
      that lipid X induced the production of smaller amounts of the tumor-cytotoxic
      factor than LPS at low concentrations, but it induced that of considerable
      amounts at and over 1 microgram/ml. Elimination of 1-phosphate or 3-O-beta
      hydroxymyristoyl group from lipid X completely prevented the induction of
      producing this factor by the macrophages. Therefore, it is suggested that both 1
      phosphate and 3-O-beta-hydroxymyristoyl groups are essential for the biologic
      activity of lipid X, as to the induction of the tumor-cytotoxic factor production
      in the macrophages.

PMID- 3701066
TI  - Location of the interchain disulfide bonds of the fourth component of human
      complement (C4): evidence based on the liberation of fragments secondary to thiol
      disulfide interchange reactions.
AB  - Treatment of human C4 with chemical denaturants and heat produces rapid,
      autolytic peptide bond cleavage of the alpha-chain. These alpha-chain fragments
      are linked to the parent C4 molecule through disulfide bonds. On more prolonged
      heating, however, there is liberation of several peptides, including the beta
      chain, the gamma-chain, and a C-terminal alpha-chain fragment. This reaction is
      inhibited by iodoacetamide. By using a fluorescent thiol reagent and 14C
      iodoacetamide, the thiol group present on each peptide was analyzed. The results
      suggest that the thiol residue exposed by cleavage of the thioester bond induces
      thiol-disulfide interchange reactions to liberate the peptides. Based on the
      identification of fragments liberated, the kinetics of their appearance, their
      sulfhydryl content, and the reported primary structure of human C4, a model of
      the interchain disulfide bonds is proposed in which the amino terminal portion of
      the alpha-chain is disulfide-linked to both the beta- and gamma-chains, whereas
      the carboxyl terminal portion of the alpha-chain is disulfide-linked to only the
      gamma-chain.

PMID- 3701067
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies recognizing single amino acid substitutions in hemoglobin.
AB  - Four monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to non-human primate hemoglobin referred to as
      Cap-4, Cap-5, Rh-2, and Rh-4, and two mAb to human hemoglobin, referred to as H-1
      and H-3 were isolated and were partially characterized. Binding studies with
      these mAb on a panel of hemoglobins and isolated alpha and beta globin chains
      revealed a unique reactivity pattern for each mAb. Amino acid sequence analysis
      of the antigens used to generate the binding data suggests that the specific
      recognition of certain hemoglobin antigens by each mAb is controlled by the
      presence of a particular amino acid at a specific position within the epitope.
      The use of synthetic peptides as antigens confirmed this observation for five of
      the mAb. No synthetic peptides were tested with the sixth mAb, Rh-2. The amino
      acids required for binding of mAb Cap-4, Cap-5, Rh-4, and Rh-2 to hemoglobin are
      alanine at beta 5, threonine at beta 13, glutamine at beta 125, and leucine at
      alpha 68. The non-human primate hemoglobin antibodies require a specific amino
      acid that is not present in human hemoglobin. The amino acid required for binding
      of Cap-4, Cap-5, and Rh-4 could arise by a single base change in the beta globin
      gene, whereas the amino acid required for Rh-2 binding would only occur if two
      base changes occurred. Thus these mAb are candidate probes for a somatic cell
      mutation assay on the basis of the detection of peripheral blood red cells that
      possess single amino acid substituted hemoglobin as a result of single base
      substitutions in the globin genes of precursor cells.

PMID- 3701068
TI  - A solid-phase luminescent immunoassay for human chorionic gonadotropin using
      Pholas dactylus bioluminescence.
AB  - A solid-phase luminescent immunoassay (LIA), based on the light emission produced
      as a result of the oxidation of Pholas dactylus luciferin by horseradish
      peroxidase (HRP) in the presence of molecular oxygen, was developed for human
      chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). The light emitted in the presence of
      diethyldithiocarbamate permitted the detection of 0.1 fmol HRP. HRP retained most
      of its light-emitting capacity after coupling with purified anti-hCG antibody by
      glutaraldehyde. The LIA involved immobilization of the antigen in plastic tubes
      coated with purified anti-hCG antibody and detection of the immunocomplex by
      light emission in the presence of Pholas luciferin. Light emission was linear for
      antigen concentration within the range 0.5-100 ng/ml. LIA correlates reasonably
      well with RIA and has a comparable sensitivity (0.5 ng hCG/ml).

PMID- 3701069
TI  - Amidolytic assay for procoagulant activity of lymphoid and tumor cells.
AB  - Among the effector molecules induced in monocytes by the cellular immune response
      is tissue factor (TF), the initiating receptor/cofactor of the extrinsic
      coagulation protease cascade that is also frequently observed on human tumor
      cells. Other cellular activators have also been described on monocytes and tumor
      cells. Analyses of the cellular immune procoagulant response would be aided by a
      simple and efficient form of quantitation. An assay for cellular procoagulant
      activity (PCA) induction and expression was developed utilizing the chromogenic
      thrombin substrate tosyl-Gly-Pro-Arg-p-nitroanilide acetate. The constitutive or
      induced PCA of a variety of cells was analyzed. Peripheral blood mononuclear
      cells, peritoneal exudate cells, 13762 Mat B (III) mammary carcinoma cells, 1591
      RE fibrosarcoma cells, the macrophage cell line WEHI-265, a detector of PCA
      inducing lymphokines, or mixtures of these cells were incubated with or without
      stimuli, e.g., endotoxin, in 96-well microplates. After incubation the cells were
      assayed for PCA by addition of the chromogenic substrate for thrombin using
      fibrinogen depleted plasma as a source of the coagulation proteins factors VII,
      X, V and prothrombin. The absorbance at 405 nm was determined. Spontaneous
      cleavage of the chromogenic substrate restricted the assay to total analysis
      times of less than 14 min. The 13762 Mat B (III) rat tumor which constitutively
      expressed tissue factor-like procoagulant activity induced measurable substrate
      hydrolysis with as few as 100 cells/well. It was observed that the chromogenic
      substrate assay was approximately twice as sensitive as conventional clotting
      assays for procoagulant activity. Endotoxin stimulated human peripheral blood
      mononuclear cells and mouse peritoneal exudate cells were readily analyzed. The
      procoagulant activity of approximately 280 LPS-stimulated human monocytes
      generated sufficient thrombin to provide a significant measurable signal within
      10 min. Also supernatants from mixed lymphocyte cultures as well as from immune
      lymphocyte responses to syngeneic tumor cell cultures induced procoagulant
      activity in the macrophage like cell line WEHI-265 as determined with the assay
      for thrombin generation. The hydrolysis of the substrate was attributed to
      thrombin formation since the induced cleavage was abolished by hirudin, the
      highly specific active site inhibitor of thrombin. This chromogenic thrombin
      assay can be used for measuring induction of viable cell expression or total
      cellular procoagulant activity rapidly and efficiently in large replicate numbers
      suitable for a variety of analyses of cellular immune responses including clonal
      analyses of gene induction.

PMID- 3701070
TI  - Rat monoclonal antibodies. VI. Production of IgA secreting hybridomas with
      specificity for the 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP) hapten.
AB  - A simple method to obtain rat hybridomas producing specific IgA antibodies is
      reported. By fusing the IR983F rat myeloma cell line with mesenteric lymph node
      cells from LOU/C rats immunized via the Peyer's patches with DNP-Salmonella
      typhimurium, twenty hybrids secreting monoclonal IgA antibodies specific for DNP
      were produced and maintained as highly secreting transplantable ascitic tumors.
      The monoclonal IgA antibodies were easily purified by affinity chromatography on
      a DNP-immunosorbent and were found to comprise both monomers and polymers.

PMID- 3701071
TI  - A radioimmunoassay for thymosin alpha-1.
AB  - A new radioimmunoassay (RIA) is described for the quantitation of thymosin alpha
      1 (alpha-1). The assay employs an antiserum specific for the COOH-terminal half
      segment 15-28 of alpha-1, synthetic alpha-1-(15-28) as the hormone standard, and
      a radioiodinated N alpha-acetyltryrosyl-alpha-1-(15-28) as the tracer. Since
      alpha-1-(1-28) lacks a phenolic ring for direct radioiodination, the N alpha
      acetyltyrosyl-alpha-1-(15-28) was synthesized by the solid-phase method. The
      peptide bears a Tyr in place of Lys in position 14 of the natural peptide. It
      showed full alpha-1-(15-28) immunoreactivity and its radioiodinated derivative
      served as tracer in the RIA. An anti-alpha-1-(15-28) antiserum was raised in a
      rabbit and was shown to recognize alpha-1-(15-28) or its tyrosyl analogue, and
      the peptide, alpha-1-(1-28). But it did not recognize other thymic hormones or
      the biologically active segment 32-36 of thymopoietin, or structurally unrelated
      peptides. It could also detect natural alpha-1 cross-reacting material in the
      cytoplasm of cultured human thymic epithelial cells as measured by indirect
      immunofluorescence. In the RIA, as little as 9 pg of alpha-1-(15-28) equivalents
      in a 50 microliter sample could be detected. In addition, alpha-1-(1-28)-like
      immunoreactivity was quantitated in 6 human thymus homogenates and ranged from
      0.5 to 4.5 ng/mg of protein.

PMID- 3701072
TI  - Improved methods for purification and depletion of monocytes from bovine
      peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Functional evaluation of monocytes in
      responses to lectins.
AB  - We have compared different techniques for the enrichment and depletion of
      monocytes from bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Adherence to plasma
      coated gelatin was the most efficient and reproducible method for enrichment of
      monocytes (80% monocytes), whereas depletion of peripheral blood mononuclear
      cells of monocytes (0.3% monocytes and less) was best achieved by defibrination
      of the blood from which the PBM were separated. In both instances, purity of the
      cell population could be improved further by an additional step, namely, FACS
      sorting with a monocyte-specific monoclonal antibody to purify monocytes (97%
      monocytes and more), and adherence to polystyrene to remove residual monocytes
      from defibrinated PBM (0.1% monocytes and less). Depletion of monocytes abolished
      the response of PBM to concanavalin A and phytohaemagglutinin. The lectin-induced
      response could be restored by adding gelatin/plasma purified monocytes. This
      activity of monocytes could be replaced by 2-mercaptoethanol.

PMID- 3701073
TI  - Analysis of serum antibody repertoires by isoelectric focusing and capillary
      blotting onto nitrocellulose paper.
AB  - A rapid method for the analysis of antigen-specific human serum antibodies is
      described. After isoelectric focusing on thin agarose gels, serum proteins are
      transferred to nitrocellulose paper by capillary blotting. The kinetics of
      transfer indicated that ca. 90% of 125I-labelled isolated human immunoglobulins
      (IgG, IgA and IgM) are transferred to the nitrocellulose paper within 10 min.
      Probing of the nitrocellulose blot with 125I-labelled tetanus toxoid antigen
      followed by autoradiography reveals the total serum anti-tetanus toxoid antibody
      repertoire, including high molecular weight IgM. This procedure is rapid (results
      can be obtained in less than 12 h), sensitive and should prove very useful for
      detailed studies and analysis of antibody repertoires in body fluids and extracts

PMID- 3701074
TI  - A dot screening procedure on nitrocellulose for detecting anti-idiotopes in
      hybridoma supernatants.
AB  - A dot assay on nitrocellulose was developed for screening hybridoma fusions for
      the presence of anti-idiotopes. The technique involves spotting of hybridoma
      supernatants onto nitrocellulose filters, and detection of anti-idiotope with an
      alkaline phosphatase-coupled idiotype.

PMID- 3701075
TI  - Fluorometric ELISA for the detection and quantitation of metallothionein.
AB  - The development of a heterogeneous fluorometric ELISA for the detection and
      quantitation of metallothionein (MT) is described. A radioimmunoassay (RIA)
      previously developed in our laboratory is used as a reference assay to
      characterize the performance of the ELISA. The standard curves (logit-log
      regressions) that are typical of either assay have similar ranges (customarily
      from 20 000 to 100 pg of competing antigen); both assays are capable of
      quantitating MT in unknowns with 5-10% accuracy. Aspects of MT measurement in
      cytosols and physiological fluids are discussed.

PMID- 3701077
TI  - A procedure to increase the sensitivity of solid-phase immunoassays.
AB  - A strategy to increase the sensitivity of antibody detection is described. In
      this method, streptavidin is used as a cross-bridge between a biotin-conjugated
      second antibody and a DNA plasmid simultaneously labelled with biotin and 32P.
      With this simple approach antibodies can be detected with a significantly higher
      sensitivity as compared to the standard procedures using an 125I-labelled second
      antibody.

PMID- 3701076
TI  - A sensitive kinetic latex agglutination immunoassay adapted to centrifugal
      analysis.
AB  - Latex reagents for HCG obtained from commercially available pregnancy test kits
      were adapted for use on Instrumentation Laboratory's Multistat III Plus
      centrifugal analyzer. The clearance rate of an agglutinating reaction mixture can
      be measured by absorbance over a time period of 15 min. The automated system has
      a sensitivity of less than 5 mIU HCG/ml in buffer or urine with a range of up to
      100 mIU HCG/ml. Statistical analyses on urine samples indicated CVs of between
      7.6% and 10.7% for within-run precision and between 6.8% and 10.8% for between
      run precision. The correlation between the centrifugal latex agglutination method
      and two commercially available RIAs was found to be about 87%.

PMID- 3701078
TI  - Re: Evaluation of the proliferative response of lymphocytes by measurement of
      intracellular ATP.

PMID- 3701079
TI  - A profile of patients attending private psychiatric clinics.

PMID- 3701081
TI  - Jejunal leiomyosarcoma.

PMID- 3701080
TI  - Behcet's syndrome.

PMID- 3701082
TI  - Eventration of diaphragm.

PMID- 3701083
TI  - An ameboma--lest we forget.

PMID- 3701084
TI  - Myxoedema and psychosis.

PMID- 3701085
TI  - Pachyonychia congenita.

PMID- 3701086
TI  - Giant vesical calculus.

PMID- 3701087
TI  - Leiomyoma in the first part of duodenum.

PMID- 3701088
TI  - Uterus didelphys with one-half of a septate vagina imperforate.

PMID- 3701089
TI  - Angiomyolipoma of kidney in a patient without tuberous sclerosis.

PMID- 3701090
TI  - Naevus of Ota.

PMID- 3701091
TI  - A case of apenia, urachal fistua and anorectal agenesis.

PMID- 3701092
TI  - Fine needle aspiration as a primary adjunct in diagnosis of palpable breast
      lumps.

PMID- 3701093
TI  - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

PMID- 3701094
TI  - Evaluation of MCH services in Bikaner District.

PMID- 3701095
TI  - What should we do with our science graduates?

PMID- 3701096
TI  - Infections after craniotomy: a retrospective study.
AB  - A retrospective study was performed to evaluate the rate of infection directly
      related to craniotomy. Of 246 craniotomies performed in 1981, 234 could be
      evaluated. The overall incidence of infection was 8.1% (19 infections in 18
      patients). The infection rate was 15.2% after insertion of a ventricular shunt
      (seven infections after 45 ventriculostomies). Staphylococcus aureus,
      Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes were the most frequent
      isolated micro-organisms. We recommended a double-blind prospective study to
      evaluate the possible benefit of antibiotic prophylaxis in craniotomies.

PMID- 3701097
TI  - Incidence, clinical observations and risk factors in the severe form of
      Mediterranean spotted fever among patients admitted to hospital in Marseilles
      1983-1984.
AB  - Seven of 142 cases (5%) of Mediterranean spotted fever admitted to hospital in
      Marseilles in 1983 and 1984 were severe. All of them were confirmed by specific
      laboratory tests. The disease resembles Rocky Mountain spotted fever with
      purpuric exanthem, confusion, renal insufficiency, hypoxaemia, thrombocytopenia,
      hyponatraemia and hypocalcaemia. Two patients died. The predisposing factors for
      severity were old age, alcoholism, heavy smoking, respiratory insufficiency and
      glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.

PMID- 3701099
TI  - The prevalence of hepatitis B serological markers in dental personnel.
AB  - There is a need to assess the risk to members of the dental profession in the
      U.K. of acquiring hepatitis B from patients. Towards this end a study was
      performed in order to determine the degree of carriage of serological markers of
      hepatitis B in a sample of dental workers in and around Edinburgh. Of a total of
      88 persons tested only one, a dental assistant, was positive. She had evidence of
      past infection but did not give a history of previous jaundice. We conclude that
      in the Edinburgh area the risk of dental personnel acquiring hepatitis B from
      patients is very small and that routine active immunisation is not necessary.
      Those who volunteer to treat known hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers should be
      offered immunisation and the recommendations of the expert group of the Health
      Departments of Great Britain on the treatment of HBV carriers should be
      implemented.

PMID- 3701098
TI  - Prevalence in human beings of antibodies to Chlamydia IOL-207, an atypical strain
      of chlamydia.
AB  - Samples of serum from 18353 persons from the U.K. and abroad, were tested for
      type-specific antibodies to Chlamydia spp. Antibodies to an atypical strain,
      Chlamydia IOL-207, were detected in each population tested. Overall, the
      prevalence of these antibodies (19.9%) was similar to that of antibodies to C.
      trachomatis (21.6%). In the U.K., antibodies to C. IOL-207 were rare in children
      under the age of 5 years but became more common with increasing age. In adults
      the prevalence of these antibodies increased annually between 1979 and 1984.
      Antibodies to C. IOL-207 were not associated with sexually transmitted disease
      and only rarely with ocular disease. Their association with a common complaint
      such as mild respiratory illness is postulated. The presence of these antibodies
      within a population may lead to the over-diagnosis of C. trachomatis infections
      or psittacosis if only genus-specific serological tests are used.

PMID- 3701100
TI  - Invasive mucormycosis in a non-immunocompromised patient.
AB  - Primary invasive cutaneous mucormycosis in a non-immunocompromised patient is
      described. Cultures from the infected tissues yielded a zygomycete which was
      identified as Saksenaea vasiformis. The patient was successfully treated with
      debridement of the lesion and amphotericin B.

PMID- 3701101
TI  - Haemophilus meningitis complicating pituitary microsurgery.

PMID- 3701102
TI  - Prediction of a fatal outcome in Staphylococcus aureus septicaemia and
      endocarditis.

PMID- 3701103
TI  - Pseudomonas stutzeri infection of the hip joint.

PMID- 3701104
TI  - Selection for resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis in
      field and laboratory populations of the mosquito Aedes aegypti.

PMID- 3701105
TI  - Lysis-centrifugation-direct plating technique for isolation of group DF-2 from
      the blood of a dog bite victim.

PMID- 3701106
TI  - Toxin involvement in toxic shock syndrome.
AB  - Cultures for Staphylococcus and sera from 434 individuals with confirmed or
      probable toxic shock syndrome (TSS) were studied. Three hundred forty-eight
      (91.6%) of the staphylococcal isolated produced TSS toxin-1 (TSST-1) alone or in
      combination with one or more staphylococcal enterotoxins. Isolates producing both
      staphylococcal enterotoxin C and TSST-1 had a higher association with
      nonmenstrual and fatal cases than did any other toxin combination. The sera of
      284 patients with TSS were tested for antibodies to TSST-1, and 234 (82.4%) had
      no detectable level of antibody compared with 80 (77.7%) of 103 healthy controls
      having antibody levels of greater than or equal to 1:800. The sera from patients
      with TSS also had lower levels of antibody to staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B,
      and C than did the controls, a result indicating that these subjects may have an
      immunodeficiency that inhibits the production and/or maintenance of antibodies to
      the staphylococcal enterotoxins and TSST-1.

PMID- 3701107
TI  - Influence of fungal surface components on the interaction of Coccidioides immitis
      with polymorphonuclear neutrophils.
AB  - Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) possess phagocytic and fungicidal activity
      against Coccidioides immitis that declines during maturation from arthroconidia
      to round cells, is lost throughout spherule maturation, and returns when
      endospores are released from ruptured spherules. Studies of PMN
      chemiluminescence, iodination, and degranulation give similar results.
      Phagocytosis of forms other than spherules is strain dependent and enhanced by
      immune serum. The absence of adequate PMN-spherule interaction may be attributed
      to the production of an extracellular fibrillar matrix, glycoprotein in
      composition, that restricts intimate PMN-spherule contact. When the spherule
      ruptures, PMNs enter to phagocytose endospores that are themselves invested by a
      matrix derived from the inner spherule wall. The immunochemical relationship
      between the outer matrix and the inner matrix remains to be discovered.
      Nevertheless, presence of the outer matrix may help to explain the long-standing
      histopathologic observation that PMNs fail to attack spherules until they release
      their endospores.

PMID- 3701108
TI  - Clindamycin treatment of experimental chronic osteomyelitis due to Staphylococcus
      aureus.
AB  - Clindamycin was used alone for treatment of experimental osteomyelitis due to
      Staphylococcus aureus in rabbits. Treatment with 30 mg/kg of body weight three
      times a day for 14 days was ineffective in sterilizing infected rabbit bones. In
      contrast, when given for 28 days, clindamycin sterilized the infected bones of 16
      (84%) of 19 rabbits treated. Only one of 14 isolates of S. aureus from rabbits
      treated for two weeks developed resistance to clindamycin (minimal inhibitory
      concentration, greater than 100 micrograms/ml); none of three isolates from
      rabbits in which treatment failed in the four-week treatment group showed
      resistance to clindamycin. The results of four weeks of treatment with
      clindamycin for chronic experimental staphylococcal osteomyelitis were
      significantly better than those obtained with any other single agent used in
      prior studies and were generally as good as those with combination therapy that
      included rifampin.

PMID- 3701109
TI  - Analysis of the DNA of hepatitis B virus in the sera of Chinese patients infected
      with hepatitis B.

PMID- 3701110
TI  - Bacteremia caused by group G streptococci in parenteral drug abusers:
      epidemiological and clinical aspects.

PMID- 3701111
TI  - Production of toxic-shock-syndrome toxin-1: effect of magnesium ion.

PMID- 3701112
TI  - Magnesium and the production of toxic-shock-syndrome toxin-1 by Staphylococcus
      aureus.

PMID- 3701113
TI  - Treponemal infections: progress toward a better understanding.

PMID- 3701114
TI  - Polymicrobial early postpartum endometritis with facultative and anaerobic
      bacteria, genital mycoplasmas, and Chlamydia trachomatis: treatment with
      piperacillin or cefoxitin.
AB  - A protected, triple-lumen transcervical culture method was used to recover
      organisms from the endometrium. At least one facultative or one anaerobic species
      of bacteria was recovered from 82% of the patients, and genital mycoplasmas were
      recovered from 76% of the women with endometritis. Bacteria together with genital
      mycoplasmas were present in 61% of the women, bacteria alone were present in 20%,
      genital mycoplasmas alone were present in 16%, and Chlamydia trachomatis was
      isolated from 2% of the patients. The most common organisms included Gardnerella
      vaginalis, Peptococcus spp., Bacteroides spp., Staphylococcus epidermidis, group
      B Streptococcus, and Ureaplasma urealyticum. A randomized, double-blind regimen
      of either piperacillin or cefoxitin was equally successful in treating the
      postpartum endometritis.

PMID- 3701115
TI  - Endometrial cultures obtained by a triple-lumen method from afebrile and febrile
      postpartum women.
AB  - Transfundal endometrial cultures obtained from afebrile women who delivered
      vaginally were uniformly free of bacteria and contained Ureaplasma urealyticum in
      only 2 of 14 women. A protected triple-lumen transcervical method to obtain an
      endometrial culture recovered organisms from 6 (43%) of the 14 women. Compared
      with cultures from afebrile women, organisms were recovered from 51 (93%) of 55
      febrile postpartum women by using the triple-lumen transcervical culture method
      (P less than .001). Among febrile women there was a correlation between the
      recovery of group B Streptococcus, enterococcus, Gardnerella vaginalis,
      Staphylococcus aureus, and anaerobic bacteria from the cervix and their recovery
      from the endometrium. Protected transcervical methods used to obtain postpartum
      endometrial cultures reduce cervical contamination, but semiquantitation of the
      culture is useful to further increase culture specificity.

PMID- 3701116
TI  - Urogenital challenge of primate species with Mycoplasma genitalium and
      characteristics of infection induced in chimpanzees.
AB  - Eighteen male and eight female primates, representing five subhuman species, were
      inoculated urogenitally with Mycoplasma genitalium, a microorganism recovered
      from men with nongonococcal urethritis. Male rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and
      cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis) monkeys apparently were resistant. Female
      squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) and female tamarins (Saguinus mystax)
      exhibited low-level, genital-tract infections. Male chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
      developed an obvious genital-tract infection, with some shedding organisms for 21
      weeks. M. genitalium was recovered from the blood of two of the male chimpanzees,
      usually when large numbers of organisms were in the urethra. Female chimpanzees
      generally shed organisms for 12-15 weeks. Most chimpanzees colonized with the
      organism exhibited increased numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the
      genital tract and developed a significant antibody response. The results offer
      substantial evidence for the pathogenicity of M. genitalium for the urogenital
      tract of higher primates and suggest the microorganism may have a role in human
      genital-tract infections.

PMID- 3701117
TI  - A model for predicting nephrotoxicity in patients treated with aminoglycosides.
AB  - We have previously identified risk factors for nephrotoxicity in 204 patients
      receiving aminoglycosides. We added data on an additional 134 patients from the
      University of Chicago who were treated for longer periods (13.1 +/- 9.4 days) to
      determine if duration of therapy was also a risk factor. In the combined
      populations, nephrotoxicity developed in 59 (17.5%) of 338 patients, and duration
      of therapy was the factor most strongly associated with nephrotoxicity (P less
      than .0001). A new predictive model was developed that was then tested
      prospectively on 175 consecutive medical and surgical patients who had plasma
      levels of aminoglycoside measured. The new model accurately identified 14 of 15
      patients with nephrotoxicity (sensitivity = 93%) and 106 of 160 without
      nephrotoxicity (specificity = 66%). A bedside scoring system accurately
      identified high-risk and low-risk patients. We believe these data add to the
      understanding of the clinical correlates of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity and aid
      in the identification of high-risk patients.

PMID- 3701118
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and protein binding of cefamandole and its 1-methyl-1 H
      tetrazole-5-thiol side chain in subjects with normal and impaired renal function.
AB  - The 1-methyl-1 H-tetrazole-5-thiol (MTT) side chain present on several new
      cephalosporins may be an important factor in coagulopathy observed during therapy
      with these antibiotics. To determine the plasma kinetics and protein binding of
      the side chain and to test the hypothesis that renal failure alters these
      parameters, we gave six normal volunteers and six anuric patients a single iv
      dose of 15 mg of cefamandole/kg. Plasma concentrations of cefamandole and free
      MTT were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography 14 times during the
      48-hr period after the dose was given. A compartment-independent pharmacokinetic
      analysis showed that MTT was rapidly removed from the plasma of normal subjects,
      but that peak concentrations of MTT were nearly three times greater and persisted
      for 48 hr in patients with renal failure. Further, renal failure caused a
      significant MTT protein-binding defect. If a relation exists between
      hypoprothrombinemia and plasma concentrations of MTT side chain, patients with
      reduced renal function may be at increased risk for this adverse effect.

PMID- 3701119
TI  - Specific immunoglobulin-secreting human blood cells after peroral vaccination
      against Salmonella typhi.
AB  - Studies on intestinal immunity in animals have suggested that lymphocytes, after
      sensitization in Peyer's patches and maturation in regional lymph nodes, home via
      the circulation to the intestinal wall, where they secrete antibodies into the
      lumen. To detect such homing cells in the blood of human volunteers given oral,
      attenuated Salmonella typhi vaccine, we used the solid-phase enzyme-linked
      immunospot assay for S. typhi-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASCs). ASCs were
      found in eight of 10 individuals after the third postvaccination day, peaked in
      level on day 7, and were undetectable on day 14. Of the cells secreting specific
      immunoglobulin, approximately 62% produced IgA, 32% IgM, and 6% IgG. Antibodies
      could not be demonstrated in serum, saliva, or feces. This technique might give
      an opportunity to follow the response to antigens entering the body via mucous
      membranes. It will be of interest to correlate these findings with protection
      against diseases after peroral vaccination.

PMID- 3701120
TI  - Impact of infection control strategies on the incidence of dialysis-associated
      hepatitis in the United States.

PMID- 3701121
TI  - Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in tissue culture and cervical scrapings by in
      situ DNA hybridization.

PMID- 3701122
TI  - Defects in vitamin K-dependent carboxylation associated with moxalactam
      treatment.

PMID- 3701123
TI  - Circulating interferon in patients with acute hepatitis A.

PMID- 3701124
TI  - Clostridium difficile in diarrheal disease.

PMID- 3701125
TI  - Reevaluation of the associations between sex, age, and acute infection with
      hepatitis B virus in Yupik Eskimos.

PMID- 3701126
TI  - Systemic candidiasis in heroin abusers.

PMID- 3701127
TI  - Selective defect of phagocyte responsiveness to N-f-Met-Leu-Phe in a familial
      syndrome of recurrent cold abscesses.

PMID- 3701128
TI  - Two molecular weight forms of human 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase have
      different activation requirements.
AB  - Ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography were used to purify partially a
      33,000-dalton (33 kD) 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase and a 110,000-dalton (110
      kD) 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase from HeLa cells treated with alpha-interferon
      (IFN-alpha). The 33-kD enzyme was optimally activated only when double-stranded
      RNA was added in 100 to 1000-fold excess of the concentration activating the 110
      kD enzyme. Certain double- or triple-stranded RNAs, which were observed to
      activate the 110-kD enzyme, failed to activate the 33-kD enzyme, even when added
      at high concentration. The 110-kD enzyme manifested an alkaline pH optimum of 7.5
      or more and the 33-kD enzyme an acidic pH optimum of 6.0 or less. The results
      suggest that intracellular activation of the two forms of 2',5'-oligoadenylate
      synthetase may occur under markedly different conditions.

PMID- 3701129
TI  - [Estrogen production by epithelial ovarian tumors and dermoid cyst].
AB  - The estrogen-producing activity was investigated in subjects with common
      epithelial tumors and dermoid cysts, which were not included in the category of
      hormone-producing tumors. Serum estradiol (E2) in peripheral blood of patients
      with ovarian tumors were assayed pre-and post-operatively. In addition,
      cytological examinations of vaginal smears and histological examinations of the
      endometrium were carried out. The results were as follows: The mean of
      preoperative serum E2 levels in postmenopausal cases (16) was 230.9 +/-
      248.5pg/ml, which was significantly higher than the control of the same age group
      (p less than 0.01). In seven (63.3%) out of 11 cases followed up, a distinct
      postoperative decline was indicated in the serum E2 level. The mean of
      preoperative serum E2 levels in 28 cases of premenopause collected in the early
      follicle phase was 135.6 +/- 148.8pg/ml, which was apparently higher than the
      level in normal females in the follicle phase. Also, an evident decline was
      observed postoperatively in the E2 level in 8 (40%) out of 20 cases. The
      cytological observations of vaginal smears in 44 cases of postmenopausal ovarian
      tumor provided the following results: The karyopyknotic index was 12-23% on the
      average in each age group, which was comparatively higher than that of the
      control. The maturation index also indicated a deviation to the right compared to
      the control. The following were the results of histological examinations of the
      endometrium carried out in 23 cases of postmenopausal ovarian tumor: 5 cases
      (21.7%) of proliferative endometrium; 3 cases (13.0%) of cystic hyperplasia and 2
      cases (8.7%) of adenomatous hyperplasia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3701130
TI  - [Lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in the pregnant rat].
AB  - The hyperlipemia of pregnancy consists primarily of an increase in triglycerides.
      In this study a comparison was made of the changes in the level of serum lipid
      concentration and the major lipoprotein subfraction in pregnant and non-pregnant
      SHR and Wistar rat. The results obtained were as follows. The serum triglyceride
      concentration is significantly high in the last period of pregnancy, i.e. 8.9
      fold in Wistar rat and 13.0 fold in SHR. The atherogenic Index in the last period
      of pregnancy was 0.92 in Wistar rat and 2.54 in SHR. These figures show a 1.2
      fold and a 3.4 fold increase over the non-pregnant level. Lipoprotein metabolism
      in pregnancy is characterized by an increase in cyromycrone and VLDL which is a
      major carrier of triglycerides. The amount of triglycerides in cyromicrone
      fraction was increased 9 times in Wistar rat and 64 times in SHR, and
      Triglycerides in VLDL fraction was not significantly different between Wistar rat
      and SHR during pregnancy. From the above results, SHR is a strain which easily
      manifests hyperlipemia and hyperlipoproteinemia during pregnancy when compared to
      the Wistar rat.

PMID- 3701131
TI  - [A basic study on the initiation of human parturition--contribution of amniotic
      fluid and fetus to the initiation of human parturition].
AB  - In order to clarify the mechanism of initiation of human parturition, the
      relationship of amniotic fluid and fetus to prostaglandin synthesis was
      investigated. Phosphatidylinositol (PI) in amniotic fluid and phospholipase C
      (PLase C) activity in amniotic fluid, amnion tissue and neonatal urine were
      measured. The results are as follows. PI in amniotic fluid began to increase from
      around 30 to 36 or 37 weeks of gestation, and then gradually decreased toward
      term. PLase C activity in amniotic fluid was demonstrated. The activity was low
      before 30 weeks of gestation, but gradually increased toward term. PLase C
      activity in 105,000 X g supernate of amnion tissue homogenate was 43 fold higher
      than that in amniotic fluid. High PLase C activity was demonstrated in neonatal
      urine, which was 58 fold higher than that in amniotic fluid. The molecular weight
      of PLase C from neonatal urine was estimated to be 33,000 daltons. PLase C
      activity in neonatal urine has enough activity to produce arachidonic acid in
      amniotic fluid. It was concluded that the fetus relates to the onset of labor by
      producing arachidonic acid in amniotic fluid as a result of the reaction between
      PI from the lung and PLase C from the urine.

PMID- 3701132
TI  - [Studies on surface tension of amniotic fluid with special emphasis on evaluating
      fetal lung maturity].
AB  - In order to establish a simple and rapid test for the determination of fetal lung
      maturity, surface tension (ST) of lipid extracts prepared from amniotic fluid
      samples obtained from 54 women was measured by Wilhelmy's method. The patterns of
      ST were classified into three types. Type I: ST of 45 dyne/cm or more at 200
      microliters of extract and 36 dyne/cm or more at 350 microliters. Type II: ST of
      45 dyne/cm or more at 200 microliters and less than 36 dyne/cm at 350
      microliters. Type III: ST less than 45 dyne/cm at 200 microliters. L/S ratio was
      2 or more (greater than or equal to 2) in 7 of 23 cases (30.4%) with Type I
      patterns, 2 of 6 cases (33.3%) with Type II patterns, and 24 of 25 cases (96.0%)
      with Type III patterns. ST of mature amniotic fluid centrifuged for 10 min. at
      5,000 X g and 10,000 X g was higher than ST of mature amniotic fluid centrifuged
      at 450 X g and 1,000 X g, but ST of immature amniotic fluid showed no significant
      difference in ST at different centrifugal forces. Contamination with meconium and
      blood was found to lower ST of immature amniotic fluid remarkably. ST of amniotic
      fluid lipid extract appeared to be a simple, rapid and reliable method for the
      assessment of fetal lung maturity.

PMID- 3701133
TI  - [Study on placental L-glutamine transport mechanism using microvilli vesicles].
AB  - Using microvillous (brush border) membrane vesicles prepared from human term
      placenta, the uptake of L-glutamine was studied using a rapid filtration
      technique. The uptake of L-glutamine into the vesicles was osmotically sensitive.
      A Na+ electrochemical gradient (extravesicular greater than intravesicular)
      stimulated the initial rate of L-glutamine uptake and the Na+ dependent uptake of
      L-glutamine into vesicles showed a typical overshoot phenomenon. This overshoot
      and the initial rate of uptake were markedly increased when the intravesicular
      space was rendered electrically more negative by membrane diffusion potentials,
      induced by the use of highly permeant anions. A similar stimulation of L
      glutamine uptake was observed when membrane potential (inside negative) was
      imposed by K+ diffusion potentials via valinomycin. These results indicated that
      a sodium dependent uptake of L-glutamine into the microvillous membrane vesicles
      was dependent on the electrical potential difference of membrane. The initial
      rate of L-glutamine transport exhibited saturation kinetics with respect to L
      glutamine concentration; the apparent Km of 0.42 mM and Vmax of 1.54 nmol/mg
      protein/20 sec were calculated. The uptake of L-glutamine into the vesicles was
      competitively inhibited by L-alanine.

PMID- 3701134
TI  - [Clinical and experimental studies on the FHR sinusoidal pattern].
AB  - Fetal heart rate records of 22 patients were analysed with a computerized
      digitizer. A sinusoidal pattern (SP), selected by using Maeda's tentative
      criteria, was observed in 8 patients, and a wavy pattern (WP) in 14 patients.
      There were no significant differences between SP and WP cases in the mean
      amplitudes and frequencies, but in SP cases both coefficients of variation of
      amplitude and frequency were respectively smaller than those in WP. The
      sinusoidal pattern index (SPI) was over 22 in SP and below 21 in WP. Therefore,
      the SPI was a useful parameter in the detection of SP. SP cases showed such poor
      prognosis as intrauterine fetal death, neonatal death, and fetal distress in
      labor. Most cases of SP and WP observed in the antepartum period showed abnormal
      courses in labor, but all cases observed during labor were normal. The heart rate
      patterns of adult rabbits were investigated in an experimentally induced hypoxic
      state in 3 cases, acute anemic state in 7 cases, and hypoxia combined with anemic
      state in 7 cases. SP was observed in 5 cases in the third group, and the blood
      pressure was about 20 mmHg during SP without synchronous change. It was suggested
      that a combination of anemic and hypoxic states was closely related to the
      sinusoidal heart rate pattern, and that it was induced by the dysfunction of the
      central nervous system in a hypotensive condition.

PMID- 3701135
TI  - [Histologic analysis of carcinoma of the cervix uteri in situ with graphic
      reconstruction].
AB  - With 38 selected conization specimens of histologically confirmed carcinoma in
      situ (C.I.S.), detailed graphic reconstructions were prepared in the form of
      schematic drawings to obtain exact information about the nature and extent of
      epithelial lesions in the cervix uteri. Because of a noticeable diversity from
      the accepted view, the results obtained by extensive histologic analysis were
      reported as follows. C.I.S. was divided into 2 groups, one originating from
      surface epithelia (14 cases) and the other arising from cervical glands (24
      cases). C.I.S. developing from surface epithelia formed a single peak-shaped
      extent of epithelial lesion with one-side maturation toward the portio. The
      characteristic of intraepithelial spreading resulted in a "moving backward"
      extension. The criterion of the rate of spread depended upon the finding of
      involvement of the entire circumference of the external cervical os with a rather
      smaller area of lesions and adjacent epithelial repair to the C.I.S. C.I.S.
      arising from cervical glands disclosed an irregularly shaped extent of epithelial
      lesions. Convincing evidence of cervical glandular origin indicated lateral
      invasion of glandular involvement and the existence of glandular involvement just
      beneath intact surface columnar epithelia. Intraepithelial spread of C.I.S.
      extending from glandular involvement also displayed "moving backward" extension.
      C.I.S. lesions extending over a wide field of the cervix were compatible with
      slow growing type and long term staying in Stage O.

PMID- 3701136
TI  - [Histologic analysis of microinvasive carcinoma of the cervix uteri with graphic
      reconstruction].
AB  - To seize the aspect of microinvasive carcinoma in relation to C.I.S., graphic
      reconstruction of 37 cases, comprising 31 cases of Stage Ia and 6 cases with
      confluent invasion to a depth of 5mm or less, were represented in detailed
      schematic drawings. From a new approach to analysis, the following conclusions
      could be drawn. Only 1/37 cases (2.7%) revealed the transition from C.I.S. to
      Stage Ia. Configurations of the remaining 36 cases were quite different from
      those of C.I.S. Their distinctive features were represented in transversal linear
      spread, parallel to the S.C.J. line. Their extent and multiple foci regulated
      ramified lesions. According to the degree of ramification, 36 cases were divided
      into zonal type (33 cases) and multiple type (3). Inceptive foci of invasion from
      glandular involvement were noticed in 28/33 cases (84.8%). In 17/33 cases
      (51.5%), lesions were limited to the columnar epithelia region. They provided
      evidence of the origin of a sub-opening cleft area. The ratio of numbers of early
      stromal invasion to those of glandular involvement indicated the speed of
      progression. Early stromal invasion from surface epithelial lesion was
      discernible in 9/33 cases (27.3%). In the 5 cases without any early stromal
      invasion from glandular involvement, they might originate from surface epithelia.

PMID- 3701137
TI  - Catecholamines and gonadotropin secretion in sterile women.
AB  - We studied changes in catecholamines, as related to estrogen positive feedback
      mechanisms, and we measured two catecholamine metabolites (DOPAC, MHPG) in the
      plasma, using high performance liquid chromatography. In the case of the mean
      MHPG level, the mean values for two groups in which LH levels were from 100 to
      200 percent of the basal level of LH and under the basal level of LH were
      significantly higher than that of a group in which the LH level was double the
      value for the basal level of LH. But the mean basal DOPAC level showed no
      significant difference among the three groups. In the good LH reaction group, the
      MHPG level at 24 and 48 hours after estrogen injection was significantly higher
      than the mean basal MHPG level. But in other two groups, the mean MHPG levels
      showed no significant differences. In the case of DOPAC, there was no significant
      difference in any group. All these observations taken together suggested that in
      vivo, catecholamines may influence the secretion of gonadotropins.

PMID- 3701138
TI  - [Menstrual disorders during puberty and adolescence].

PMID- 3701139
TI  - [The differentiation antigen of trophoblast expressed on trophoblastic neoplasms
      (choriocarcinoma and hydatidiform mole) detected by monoclonal antibodies].
AB  - To analyse the differentiation and malignant transformation of human
      trophoblasts, attempts were made to establish monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) that
      react with cells at a certain stage of the trophoblast differentiation process.
      Two MoAbs, TM7-3 and TM3-8, were obtained by immunizing BALB/c mice with a human
      choriocarcinoma cell line, BeWo. In the cellular radioimmunoassay with 125I
      labelled F(ab')2 of goat anti-mouse IgG, they reacted with nine out of ten
      choriocarcinoma cell lines and five of sixteen non-choriocarcinoma cell lines but
      not with twenty-six lymphoblastoid cell lines tested. Immunofluorescence and
      immunoperoxidase stainings showed that these MoAbs reacted predominantly with
      cytotrophoblast-like, but not syncytiotrophoblast-like components in the tissue
      of choriocarcinoma or hydatidiform mole, in the normal chorionic villi,
      cytotrophoblasts were very weakly positive but syncytiotrophoblasts were
      negative, and in a variety of normal tissues tested, only a part of the urinary
      tubules of kidney and the ducts of pancreas reacted to these MoAbs. These results
      suggest that TM7-3 and TM3-8 detect a differentiation antigen of human
      trophoblasts, which appears to increase with the malignant transformation of
      cytotrophoblasts. Thus, TM7-3 and TM3-8 may be useful in the study of human
      trophoblast differentiation.

PMID- 3701140
TI  - [Obstetric factors associated with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in premature
      infants and antenatal prediction of ICH].
AB  - Obstetric factors associated with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) were evaluated in
      98 inborn premature infants of less than 1,500 gm birth weight or less than 32
      weeks of gestation. ICH was detected in 25 (25.5%) of these infants by ultrasound
      sonography and/or computed tomography. No association of obstetric factors such
      as maternal age, parity, gravidity, premature rupture of the membrane, toxemia,
      placenta previa, fetal position, mode of delivery or fetal sex with ICH was
      noted. But the ICH group showed a higher incidence of placental abruption,
      infarction, infection and incompetent cervix than the non-ICH group. In addition,
      gestational ages and birth weights were less in the ICH group than in the non-ICH
      group, although differences were not significant except for the group with
      incompetent cervix (p less than 0.05). However, Apgar scores and FHR scores
      according to Krebs et al. for the ICH group were significantly lower than those
      for the non-ICH group. The two groups were distinguished by multivariable
      discriminant analysis of FHR scores, birth weights and gestational ages
      (discriminant efficiency, 3.74: F-value, 20.6: true positive ratio, 81.3%). These
      results suggested that antenatal prediction of ICH in premature infants was
      possible, but further studies are needed to elucidate the reliability of its
      prediction.

PMID- 3701141
TI  - [Studies on Campylobacter and Salmonella in feces of pregnant women and newborn
      infants].
AB  - Fecal cultures from five thousand four hundred and twenty-seven pregnant women,
      who were delivered at Osaka National Hospital from January 1, 1980 to December
      31, 1984, were examined to detect intestinal Campylobacter and Salmonella during
      30 and 36 gestational weeks. In addition, the feces of newborn infants were
      cultured three days after delivery to check for the presence of Campylobacter and
      Salmonella. During pregnancy, Campylobacter was detected in the feces of 116
      women (2.14%), and Salmonella in 99 cases (1.82%). By administering antibiotics
      to the affected cases, the number of women whose fecal cultures were positive for
      Campylobacter and Salmonella at the time of delivery was reduced to 8 and 15,
      respectively. Neonatal fecal cultures revealed that Salmonella infection occurred
      in two among fifteen (13.33%) and Campylobacter infection in three among eleven
      (27.27%) infants whose mothers had been affected. These findings suggest the
      importance of adequate management for these bacterial infections during pregnancy
      and the perinatal period to prevent danger to the newborn.

PMID- 3701142
TI  - [C21-steroid profiles in pregnancy associated with intrauterine growth
      retardation].
AB  - To study the steroidal profiles in pregnancy associated with IUGR, maternal serum
      steroids which included pregnenolone (P5), 16 alpha OH-P5, progesterone (P4) and
      16 alpha OH-P4 levels were measured by RIA at 30-41 weeks of gestation and the
      levels were compared with those obtained from normal pregnancies. Thirty-three
      pregnancies were diagnosed as IUGR after delivery and 36 pregnancies were used as
      controls. The levels of P4 and 16 alpha OH-P4 were significantly lower in IUGR
      pregnancies than those in normal pregnancies, while the levels of P5 and 16 alpha
      OH-P5 tended to be higher in IUGR than in normal subject. A significant
      difference was observed between the 16 alpha OH-P4/16 alpha OH-P5 ratio in IUGR
      and normal pregnancy. When the levels of 16 alpha OH-P5 and 16 alpha OH-P4 were
      taken into account, 14 of 17 cases of IUGR were discriminated from normal
      subjects. These results demonstrated for the first time the clinical importance
      of measuring 16 alpha OH-C21 steroids in case of IUGR. Low delta4/delta5 steroid
      ratios also indicate that the placental 3 beta HSD activity might be impaired in
      IUGR pregnancy.

PMID- 3701143
TI  - [Study on changes in placental L-alanine transport activity during gestation
      (using microvillous membrane vesicles].
AB  - Using microvillous membrane vesicles prepared from human normal early and full
      term placenta, we investigated the transport mechanism of L-alanine and the
      change in its transport activity during gestation. We estimated the purity of
      microvillous membrane vesicles prepared from human placenta from the relative
      specific activities (microvilli versus homogenate) of the membrane's maker
      enzymes, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), 5'-nucleotidase, and gamma
      glutamyltranspeptidase ( gamma-GTP). In early pregnancy (12-15 weeks gestational
      age), the relative specific activities (microvilli versus homogenate) were
      calculated to be: ALP: 15.3, 5'-nucleotidase: 14.0, gamma-GTP: 8.3, and in full
      term pregnancy (37-40 weeks gestational age) the relative specific activities
      (microvilli versus homogenate) were calculated to be: ALP: 16.0, 5'-nucleotidase:
      14.8, gamma-GTP: 7.5. The uptake of L-alanine into microvillous membrane vesicles
      was Na+ electrochemical gradient (extravesicular greater than intravesicular)
      dependent and this Na+ dependent uptake was membrane-potentially sensitive both
      in early pregnancy and in full term pregnancy. The kinetics parameter of the
      initial L-alanine uptake into microvillous membrane vesicles were calculated to
      be: Km: 0.78 +/- 0.20 mM, Vmax: 0.62 +/- 0.21 nmol/mg protein/20 sec in early
      pregnancy, Km: 0.80 +/- 0.24 mM, Vmax: 3.53 +/- 0.70 nmol/mg protein/20 sec in
      full term pregnancy. In conclusion, the placental transport mechanisms of L
      alanine in both early and full term pregnancy were the same, and the L-alanine
      transport activity of full term pregnancy was much greater than that of early
      pregnancy.

PMID- 3701144
TI  - [Significance of immunosuppressive acidic protein in the diagnosis and follow-up
      of patients with ovarian cancer, in particular as a marker for chemotherapeutic
      effects].
AB  - Serum immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) was determined in patients with
      ovarian cancer and was examined as a marker for ovarian cancer when, chemotherapy
      in particular, was applied. Samples were sera obtained from 68 ovarian cancers,
      74 benign ovarian tumors, 54 cervical cancers, 57 uterine myomas and 88 healthy
      controls. Elevated levels of IAP were found in 89.5% of patients with ovarian
      cancer and this high positive ratio was not affected by tumor histologic
      features. The measurement of the serum IAP level is useful for the initial
      diagnosis of ovarian cancer because of low false positive rates (8.1%) in benign
      ovarian tumors and high positive rates even in the early stage of ovarian cancer.
      Serial determinations of serum IAP levels were well correlated with the response
      to the treatment (chemotherapy in particular) and the prognosis of cancer
      patients, even in the case of patients with leucocytopenia induced by the
      intensive chemotherapy. In case of recurrent patients (whose lesions were
      observed in the intraperitoneal space), IAP values tended to increase earlier
      than other conventional tumor-derived markers. Therefore, IAP may also be a
      useful follow-up marker for patients with ovarian cancer (particularly, for the
      early detection of recurrence).

PMID- 3701146
TI  - Steroid receptors in uterine cervical cancers.
AB  - In cervical cancers, the estrogen receptor (ER) and progestin receptor (PR) were
      characterized in the cytosol protein. Receptor levels were determined in cytosol,
      nuclear KCl extract, and nuclear KCl unextractable fraction in various cervical
      cancer tissues. The androgen receptor (AR) was also similarly characterized. In
      the cytosol, the estrogen (E2)-ER complex and the promegesterone (R5020)-PR
      complex were sedimented at approximately the 5S and 8S or the 4S and 8S regions,
      respectively, by 5-20% linear sucrose gradient centrifugation. A steroid
      specificity study showed the presence of an estrogen-specific and a progestin
      specific binder. The dissociation constant of the specific binder for estrogen
      (ER), progestin (PR), or androgen (AR) was approximately 10(-10) to 10(-9)M in
      cytosol, nuclear KCl, and nuclear KCl unextractable fraction in detected cases.
      Levels were determined by Scatchard analyses, using the dextran-coated charcoal
      (DCC) adsorption method for the former two and the washing method for the latter
      one. ER, PR, or AR was detected in some cases of determined cervical cancers (27
      cases of squamous cell carcinoma, and 7 cases of adenocarcinoma); regardless of
      the histological types, ER was detected in almost all cases. PR was not detected
      in the given cases of cervical adenocarcinoma. It is suggested that estrogen
      stimulation of PR synthesis in cervical adenocarcinoma may be damaged.

PMID- 3701145
TI  - [Prenatal diagnosis and treatment of intrauterine growth retardation].
AB  - A diagnosis of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) was made in 150 pregnancies
      on the basis that the estimated fetal body weight was less than -1.5 SD of the
      intrauterine growth curve for the Japanese population in two consecutive
      measurements. The estimation of fetal body weight was made from the biparietal
      diameter and abdominal circumference using the formula of Shepard et al. Maternal
      plasma estriol, urinary estriol and plasma hPL were determined, and routine
      instructions to take daytime bedrest and a high protein diet were made. 75
      optionally selected cases were given oral allylestrenol 30 mg/day until the time
      of delivery (the medicated group), and the other 75 cases (control group) were
      given no medication. Ultrasonic and biochemical measurements were repeated every
      two weeks thereafter. The estimated fetal weight calculated from Shepard's
      formula was of sufficient accuracy to make it possible to predict the fetal
      weight before delivery. In the control group, the estimated fetal weight averaged
      1,281 grams at the initial measurements at an average of 32.7 weeks' gestation
      when the diagnosis of IUGR was made, and 2,498 grams at the final measurements at
      an average of 38.7 weeks gestation immediately before delivery. In the medicated
      group, the estimated fetal weight averaged 1,242 grams at the initial
      measurements at 32.8 weeks' gestation, and 2,826 grams at the final measurements
      at 39.0 weeks' gestation. Statistically significant increases in the fetal body
      weight were noted in the medicated group. Maternal plasma estriol, urinary
      estriol and plasma hPL concentrations rose significantly in the medicated group
      when compared with the control group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3701147
TI  - Human corticosteroid-binding capacities in normal, high-risk or pregnancies with
      an abnormal outcome.
AB  - To determine whether or not the serum corticosteroid binding capacity (CBC) level
      is related to the outcome of pregnancy or fetal well-being, a total of 124
      determinations of CBC were performed in 96 pregnant individuals, using
      hydrophobic resin adsorption methods. The serum CBC values were elevated with
      progression of gestation. On the other hand, high-risk pregnancies or those with
      an abnormal outcome were among the low CBC group, below the mean value (p less
      than 0.001), whereas normal pregnancies were more often in the high CBC group,
      over the mean value, in comparison with the low CBC group below the mean value (p
      less than 0.001), after 28 weeks of gestation. In addition, the ratios of birth
      weight/placental weight and maternal weight/placental weight were slightly but
      not statistically high in the low CBC group, in comparison with the high CBC
      group. Thus, various events related to placental growth might be important
      factors regulating the serum CBC level. While there are many determinants of
      corticosteroid binding globulin production and excretion, assessment of CBC
      levels seems to be a reliable indicator of the outcome of pregnancy, including
      high-risk pregnancy, in the 3rd trimester.

PMID- 3701148
TI  - The difference in sex hormone dependence for gap junction formation in the
      muscles of uterine leiomyoma and normal myometrium.
AB  - Gap junction is reported to be initiated by changes in levels of steroid hormones
      in the smooth muscle cells of myometrium. In order to clarify the difference in
      sex hormone dependence for gap junction formation in the muscles of uterine
      leiomyoma and normal myometrium, uterine leiomyoma and myometrial gap junctions,
      and serum estradiol and progesterone levels were determined simultaneously in 23
      women who had undergone simple hysterectomy for leiomyomas of the corpus uteri.
      In all tissues of the myometrium from 23 women, at least three gap junctions were
      found between muscle cells in the series of photographs. On the other hand, there
      were 7 out of 23 uterine leiomyomas in which not even one gap junction was
      detected between muscle cells in the series of photographs. The phasic change in
      the number of gap junctions related to the menstrual cycle was detected in the
      muscles of uterine leiomyoma as well as normal myometrium. Uterine leiomyoma was
      characterized by less correlation between the number of gap junctions in the
      muscles and the concentration of serum sex steroids, compared with those of
      normal myometrium. Sex steroids may have a trophic effect on some uterine
      leiomyoma, but the sex hormone dependence of uterine leiomyoma for gap junction
      formation may be less than that of normal myometrium. The present study also
      showed that the increased gap junction formation in myometrial muscles from women
      with dysmenorrhea may be formed between myometrial cells in response to
      physiologic or pathologic stimuli, such as the production of local
      prostaglandins, and may result in hypercontraction of the uterus.

PMID- 3701149
TI  - [Nocturnal prolactin (PRL) levels and PRL release by metoclopramide in
      normoprolactinemic anovulation, and effects of bromocriptine in induction of
      ovulation].

PMID- 3701150
TI  - [Placental oxytocin].

PMID- 3701151
TI  - [A case report of pregnancy associated with Crohn's disease].

PMID- 3701152
TI  - [Guideline for diagnosis of cervical cancer in the aged].

PMID- 3701153
TI  - [38th annual meeting of the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology.
      Abstracts].

PMID- 3701154
TI  - [An experimental study of microarterial grafts to arteries--compared with
      microvenous grafts].
AB  - In spite of all the successful advances in microvascular surgery, the use of
      arterial graft is still a subject of controversy. To elucidate the advantages and
      indications of arterial grafts in microsurgery, venous and arterial grafts were
      transplanted to the femoral artery of the rat, and the former was investigated
      histopathologically one, two, three, four, six and eight weeks, and the latter
      one, two, three and four weeks after transplantation. As the results, intimal
      thickening was noted in neither of the two grafts. In the venous grafts,
      endotherial cells were almost separated two weeks after transplantation, and the
      media showed fibrous replacement. In contrast, the intima remained unchanged and
      the media maintained its layers of smooth muscle cells in the arterial grafts.
      The arterial grafts showed little post-transplantation change and maintained
      their pre-transplantation structure, retaining contracting and dilating function.
      Based on these results, arterial grafts might be applied clinically in
      microsurgery.

PMID- 3701155
TI  - [Clinical study and pathology of compression myelopathy].

PMID- 3701156
TI  - [In vitro immune response to acrylic cement particles in patients with cemented
      joint replacements].
AB  - Immunological reaction to bone cement in tissue could be considered one of the
      important causes to induce the loosening of the prosthesis in patients with
      cemented prostheses. To study whether or not bone cement is immunogenic in human
      in vitro, the effect of acrylic cement particles on specific or non-specific
      blastformation reaction of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) or of non
      adherent cells (NAC) was studied. Acrylic cement particles showed neither
      mitogenic nor cytotoxic effect on human PBM. No statistically significant
      enhancing effect of acrylic cement particles was found on specific or non
      specific blastformation reaction of PBM or NAC from patients with cemented
      prostheses. No significant difference in those reactions to cement was seen
      between patients with loosened prostheses and with non-loosened prostheses. In
      some cases, however, acrylic cement particles showed significant enhancing
      effects on some macrophage-dependent blastformation reaction systems. As many of
      them were patients with cemented prostheses, it is highly possible that bone
      cement could induce significant macrophage-dependent immunological reaction in
      some particular population.

PMID- 3701157
TI  - [Changes in skeletal muscle blood flow after nerve blockade--an experimental
      study].
AB  - The effect of nerve blocking on the blood flow through the skeletal muscle during
      and after contraction was examined. Muscle blood flow was measured by heated
      thermocouple technique on the rabbit quadriceps muscle stimulated by tetanic
      currents of various strengths and lengths of time. Femoral nerve division in weak
      and prolonged contraction and also epidural anesthesia in weak and brief
      contraction resulted in a significant decrease in peak flow through the muscle.
      In strong contraction, however, blocking the sympathetic nerve did not affect the
      blood flow during contraction. This results suggest that the main mechanism
      producing the hyperemia during contraction is not dependent on the sympathetic
      nervous system but at least in some part autonomic nervous system may play a role
      in the dilator reaction.

PMID- 3701158
TI  - [Complications following total knee replacement].
AB  - Complications of total knee replacement were studied by following up 218 cases
      operated in our clinic. The average follow-up time ranged from 24 months to 101
      months (mean 44.3 months). The three most serious types of complication were:
      significant loosening in 8 knees; deep infection in 5 knees; and fracture in 7
      knees. Patellar dislocation and extension mechanism rupture were found in 13
      knees, restriction of ROM and instability in 20 knees, and other complications in
      7 knees. The incidence of complications in the rheumatic group tended to be
      greater than that in the osteoarthritic group. The incidence of complications was
      significantly higher in the severely deteriorated group than in the not severely
      deteriorated group; and the incidence of complications in the group treated in
      combination with Anametric, Total Condylar and GUEPAR prosthesis was also
      significantly higher than in the group treated with the Kinematic Knee
      Prosthesis. Though 32 reoperations were performed in 23 knees, functional
      prognosis was not good in most cases.

PMID- 3701159
TI  - [The relationship between cell kinetics and histological features of giant cell
      tumor of the bone].
AB  - This study was undertaken to clarify the relationship between the proliferative
      activity and histological findings of the giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone by means
      of an epi-illumination cytofluorometer (NIKON SPM-RF1-D). Fresh tissues of GCT
      were surgically obtained from two cases. In both cases, small pieces of tumor
      tissues were obtained from several different regions based on the macroscopic
      characteristics of the cut surface, and processed for single cell preparation
      using enzymatic method. These isolated cells were smeared and stained with
      acridine orange, and then analyzed cytofluorometrically to determine
      simultaneously DNA and RNA contents of the individual cells. The results showed
      that the proliferative activity of tumor cells was much higher in the regions
      composed of both many histiocytic stromal cells having polygonal or ovoid shape
      and many multinucleated giant cells, than either in the regions composed of
      fibrocytic stromal cells accompanying abundant collagen fibers or in the regions
      composed of foamy cells.

PMID- 3701160
TI  - [The result of the author's screening system of scoliosis in elementary and
      junior-high schools].
AB  - Since 1978 school screening of scoliosis has been performed every year by the
      system established by the author consisting of 4 step examinations in Niigata
      City. The initial examination is carried out with forward bending test associated
      with swing maneuver by school nurses or school doctors in all school boys and
      girls from the 4th grade of elementary school to the 3rd grade of junior-high
      school. The incidence of scoliosis with deformity of more than 20 degrees has
      been nearly constant ranging from 0.06% to 0.09% in elementary school, and 0.35%
      to 0.40% in junior-high school. The author compared the number and treatment of
      the patients of Niigata City seen in our scoliosis clinic in the period of 7
      years before and after starting this program. After this program started, the
      number of the patients with scoliosis of more than 20 degrees has increased by 4
      times. The number of surgery in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, on the contrary,
      has markedly decreased.

PMID- 3701161
TI  - [Surgery and biomechanics of patello-femoral joint diseases].

PMID- 3701162
TI  - [Nuclear DNA content in breast cancer--relation between ploidy and lymph node
      metastasis].

PMID- 3701163
TI  - [Radiotherapy of maxillary antrum carcinoma].

PMID- 3701164
TI  - [Correlation between histological grading of malignancy of squamous cell
      carcinoma of the tongue (by modified Willen's method) and the incidence of
      cervical lymph node metastasis].

PMID- 3701165
TI  - [Effect of hydroxy tamoxifens against human breast carcinomas transplanted into
      nude mice].

PMID- 3701166
TI  - [The hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) phototherapy in roentgenologically occult
      cancer in the trachea and bronchus].

PMID- 3701167
TI  - [Treatment of chemo-endocrine therapy in recurrent breast cancer].

PMID- 3701168
TI  - [Anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid--problems in diagnosis and treatment].

PMID- 3701169
TI  - [Study of lymphatic flow of the mammary gland by application of activated carbon
      emulsion (CH44)].

PMID- 3701170
TI  - [Clinical features and significance of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy presenting
      abnormal Q waves associated with ST segment elevation].

PMID- 3701171
TI  - [A case of severe hypernatremia (200 mEq/l) complicated with rhabdomyolysis
      during treatment].

PMID- 3701172
TI  - [Systemic lupus erythematosus in identical twins: report of a pair of concordant
      and another pair of discordant twins].

PMID- 3701173
TI  - [Congenital dysfibrinogenemia in a patient with left internal carotid artery
      occlusion].

PMID- 3701174
TI  - [A case of asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis with chronic thyroiditis and
      triple cancers].

PMID- 3701175
TI  - [Adult Still's disease: two case reports and its diagnosis in fever of unknown
      origin].

PMID- 3701176
TI  - [A case of systemic lupus erythematosus demonstrating basal ganglia
      calcifications, coronary stenosis and selective IgA deficiency].

PMID- 3701177
TI  - [Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries without any
      associated defects in a long-lived man].

PMID- 3701178
TI  - [Estimation of lesion of coronary artery and left ventricular asynergy by T
      potential distribution in patients with coronary heart disease].

PMID- 3701179
TI  - [A case of smoldering multiple myeloma: long-term follow-up study].

PMID- 3701180
TI  - The value of the postcoital test in predicting the fertilization of human
      oocytes.
AB  - The relevance of the postcoital test (PCT) in relation to the fertilization rate
      of oocytes was determined in an analysis of 66 couples in an in vitro
      fertilization (IVF) program. The test is routinely performed in the workup of all
      IVF patients and is accurately timed to the immediate preovulatory period by
      daily hormonal, cervical mucus, and ultrasound monitoring. Cases demonstrating
      antispermatozoal antibodies in the serum of either partner, in cervical mucus, or
      in semen were excluded. There was no significant difference in the fertilization
      rate of oocytes whether the PCT result was negative, equivocal, or positive, and
      the finding was the same in both normospermic and oligospermic groups. It is
      concluded that the PCT is of no value in predicting the outcome of IVF and,
      conversely, IVF should be considered as a therapeutic option for couples with a
      negative PCT.

PMID- 3701182
TI  - Congress of future aspects in human in vitro fertilization. Vienna, Austria,
      April 2-4, 1986. Abstracts.

PMID- 3701181
TI  - Identical twins and in vitro fertilization.

PMID- 3701183
TI  - Preliminary laparotomy for in vitro fertilization.

PMID- 3701184
TI  - The use of synthetic culture medium and patient serum for human in vitro
      fertilization and embryo replacement.
AB  - The use of heat-inactivated patient serum as both fertilization and embryo
      replacement medium was compared in a prospective randomized study with a fully
      synthetic culture medium containing human serum albumin without serum addition
      (B3 INRA Menezo). Another series of the author's IVF program was analyzed
      retrospectively when a commercially available synthetic medium with bovine serum
      albumin (B2 INRA Menezo) or B3, as mentioned above, was used without serum
      addition for fertilization but with 50-100% patient serum as embryo replacement
      medium. Fertilization rates were significantly higher in the synthetic culture
      media (70%) than in serum (57%). The rate of polyploid fertilization was
      significantly lowest in B3 medium. There was a clear trend toward better
      pregnancy rates when high-percentage or 100% patient serum was used for embryo
      replacement, no matter if one, two, three, four or more embryos were replaced. We
      conclude that there should be no need for any kind of serum addition to
      fertilization media. The present study proves our previous observation that the
      use of serum seems to be beneficial as embryo replacement medium. This might well
      be explained by a "protein stick effect" due to the high macromolecular contents
      of serum rather than by viscosity measurements, since no significant increase in
      viscosity was observed when a high percentage of serum was added to culture
      media.

PMID- 3701185
TI  - A model to show human uterine receptivity and embryo viability following ovarian
      stimulation for in vitro fertilization.
AB  - A comparison of the implantation rates following in vitro fertilization (IVF) and
      embryo transfer (ET) for four major groups indicates differences in the
      implantation rates as well as in the incidence of multiple implantation. By
      assuming that the probability of implantation is the product of two variables,
      uterine receptivity (U) and embryo viability (E), estimates for U and E are
      derived for each of the four IVF groups using maximum likelihood methods. The UE
      model is tested using chi-squared goodness-of-fit methods for predicted
      implantation rates versus observed. The possibility that differences in U values
      between groups are due to different ovarian stimulation protocols is discussed,
      as is the value of the UE model in highlighting differences between IVF groups
      and its importance in predicting multiple pregnancy rates.

PMID- 3701186
TI  - The chromosome complement of first-cleavage mouse embryos after in vitro
      fertilization.
AB  - A comparison of the first cleavage-stage chromosome complements of 1022 in vivo
      fertilized mouse embryos and 1033 in vitro fertilized mouse embryos is reported.
      The chromosome analysis of first-cleavage embryos allows us to study directly the
      chromosome complement of the sperm and oocyte that contribute to the embryo,
      since both chromosome clusters remain separate when an antimitotic agent is used
      to prevent syngamy. In this paper we show that the sex ratio and the incidence of
      aneuploidy are similar, irrespective of the fertilization system used. Male and
      female gametes have the same levels of aneuploidy. Triploidy is more frequent in
      the in vitro fertilized embryos and the difference can be ascribed to a higher
      incidence of polyspermy and diploid spermatozoa.

PMID- 3701187
TI  - Erythrocyte antioxidants and membrane vulnerability.

PMID- 3701188
TI  - Ascites kinetics in cirrhosis: relationship to plasma-ascites hydrostatic-oncotic
      balance and intensity of renal sodium retention.
AB  - The factors controlling ascites formation and reabsorption, as well as the
      relationship of ascites dynamics to renal sodium retention complicating
      cirrhosis, are not defined. We measured, using labeled albumin, the ascites
      albumin clearance rate, the plasma-ascites and ascites-plasma albumin filtration
      rates, the ascites albumin exit rate, and the plasma-ascites and ascites-plasma
      albumin transfer rates in seven patients with cirrhosis and ascites. Wedged
      hepatic vein pressure (WHVP), right atrial pressure (RAP), ascites pressure (AP),
      and serum and ascites oncotic pressure (SOP, AOP) were used to calculate the net
      hydrostatic (WHVP - AP), oncotic (SOP - AOP) and hydrostatic-oncotic pressure, or
      "transfer" pressure, favoring ascites formation [(WHVP - AP) - (SOP - AOP)], and
      the net hydrostatic pressure favoring ascites reabsorption (AP - RAP). Over 4
      hours: the ascites albumin exit rate greater than the plasma-ascites albumin
      transfer rate greater than the ascites-plasma albumin transfer rate (P less than
      0.05), and the ascites albumin clearance rate greater than the plasma-ascites and
      ascites-plasma albumin filtration rates (P less than 0.05). The ascites-plasma
      albumin filtration rate was inversely related to ascites volume (r = 0.91, P less
      than 0.01). Calculating the ascites-plasma albumin transfer rate from the
      extrapolated ascites-plasma albumin filtration rate at an ascites volume of 0
      (0.031 L/hr/m2) produced values similar to the mean plasma-ascites albumin
      transfer rate (0.20 + 0.11 gm/hr/m2 vs. 0.24 + 0.13 gm/hr/m2, not
      significant).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3701190
TI  - Host-associated iron transfer factor in normal humans and patients with
      transfusion siderosis.
AB  - A low molecular weight iron-binding substance that promotes bacterial growth in
      vitro by increasing iron availability was identified in human blood and urine.
      Partial purification and physical characterization indicate that this factor is
      similar to the host-associated iron transfer factor (HAITF) previously isolated
      from mammalian tissue. HAITF was found to be significantly elevated in the blood
      of patients with thalassemia who have transfusional siderosis. The level of HAITF
      in the blood of these patients was also found to correlate with that of serum
      iron and serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) but not with that of
      serum ferritin. Thus, elevated blood levels of HAITF may explain the increased
      susceptibility to infection seen in patients with iron overload. Its physiologic
      role, however, may involve the transport of iron within cells.

PMID- 3701189
TI  - Intestinal surface acid microclimate in vitro and in vivo in the rat.
AB  - The presence of the intestinal surface acid microclimate (ISAM) has long been
      suggested. Controversy, however, still exists as to the existence, general
      characteristics, and requirements of this microclimate. We examined the existence
      and distribution of the ISAM along the rat small intestine and colon and
      determined its general characteristics. The results clearly demonstrate the
      existence of the ISAM in vitro and in vivo. Glucose and sodium in the incubation
      medium, as well as normal intracellular metabolism, are essential requirements
      for the formation and maintenance of the ISAM. We conclude that the ISAM is a
      normal physiologic phenomenon of the luminal surface of the intestine.

PMID- 3701191
TI  - Cell growth and sodium content in the serum of uninephrectomized and renal
      hypertensive dogs.
AB  - The long-term cellular metabolic effects of serum factors from renal hypertensive
      and uninephrectomized normotensive dogs were investigated. Mouse fibroblastic L
      cells were cultured in M199 tissue culture medium supplemented (to 15%) with
      serum obtained from dogs before and after the induction of one-kidney one wrapped
      hypertension or with serum obtained from normotensive dogs before and after
      unilateral nephrectomy. At confluency, the protein, water (3-O-methyl-14C-D
      glucose space), Na, K, and Mg content and 3H-thymidine uptake of cells were
      measured. Growth curves were derived for cells growing in serum obtained before
      and after uninephrectomy from normotensive and hypertensive dogs. Postnephrectomy
      serum from both normotensive and hypertensive dogs resulted in increased recovery
      of protein, increased water, K, and Mg content of cells, and increased cell
      numbers. 3H-thymidine uptake at confluency in postnephrectomy serum was the same
      as in prenephrectomy serum. The one important qualitative difference between
      postnephrectomy serum from normotensive and hypertensive dogs was the reduced Na
      content and concentration of cells cultured in the serum of hypertensive dogs.
      The growth-promoting serum factor in postnephrectomy blood was detected for up to
      8 weeks after uninephrectomy; therefore, it did not appear to be renotropin. In
      experimental renal hypertension, there appear to be previously unidentified serum
      factors that enhance transmembrane Na gradient.

PMID- 3701192
TI  - Recognition of deficiency of vitamin B12 using measurement of serum
      concentration.
AB  - Of 504 patients with low concentrations of vitamin B12 in serum by microbiologic
      assay (less than 120 pg/ml) in whom clinical information was available to
      evaluate vitamin B12 status, 109 (22%) were found to have clinically important
      deficiency of vitamin B12, and another 10 had pernicious anemia with deficient
      serum levels of both vitamin B12 and folate. Serum from patients deficient in
      vitamin B12 was assayed by several commercially available assay techniques. These
      used either purified or impure preparations of gastric intrinsic factor as
      binder, extracted cobalamins with either heat or alkali ("no boil") and separated
      bound from free vitamin B12 either with activated charcoal or by binding the
      intrinsic factor to glass beads ("solid state"). These kits were purchased
      commercially from Becton-Dickinson Co. (SimulTrac), BioRad Corp. (Quantaphase),
      Amersham Corp. (Vitamin B12/folate radioassay) and Corning Medical and Scientific
      (Immophase). Serum vitamin B12 concentrations assayed in sera from patients
      deficient in vitamin B12 overlapped the normal range in 6% of all samples assayed
      by techniques using purified intrinsic factor assays (BioRad, Amersham, and the
      "blocked" SimulTrac assay), but no such overlap was found between deficient and
      nondeficient sera assayed with the solid-state pure intrinsic factor assay
      (Corning), the "unblocked" SimulTrac, or Euglena gracilis. It would appear that
      (1) radiodilution assays extracting serum by boiling and binding vitamin to
      binder fixed on a solid matrix may be the most reliable available at this time.
      These may be as reliable as microbiologic assay for separation of patients with
      deficiency from those without deficiency.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3701194
TI  - Cognitive retraining and rehabilitation.

PMID- 3701193
TI  - 19S IgM rheumatoid factor-7S IgG rheumatoid factor immune complexes isolated in
      patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Sera of 12 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who had positive IgM
      rheumatoid factor (RF) tests were separated by use of immunoabsorbent columns
      (goat anti-human C3 [alpha HC3] and rabbit anti-human C1q [alpha HC1q]) and
      polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation-protein A affinity chromatography to
      isolate their immune complexes (IC). The isolated fractions were assayed for 19S
      IgM RF and 7S IgG RF by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The sera were
      further analyzed by preparative isoelectric focusing (IEF). The alpha HC1q and
      alpha HC3 columns were sequentially eluted with barbital buffer, 0.02 mol/L EDTA,
      0.5 mol/L NaCl, and 1 mol/L propionic acid. All 12 patients had IgM RF and IgG RF
      in the EDTA fractions from both immunoabsorbent columns, but only IgM RF in the
      NaCl fractions. The PEG precipitation-protein A preparations were eluted with 0.5
      mol/L glycine HCl and 3.5 mol/L MgCl2. All 12 patients had significant titers of
      19S IgM RF (greater than or equal to 1:192) and 7S IgG RF (greater than or equal
      to 1:96) in the acid-eluted fraction. Analysis of the sera by preparative IEF
      revealed IgM RF with a polyclonal spectrotype pattern with pH of 3.0 to 10.0, but
      predominantly acidic proteins with isoelectric points of 4.0 to 5.5 IgG RF were
      found in the same restricted spectrotypic pattern. These studies demonstrated
      that IC can be detected in the sera of patients with RA by isolation with alpha
      HC1q and alpha HC3 immunoabsorbent columns and PEG precipitation-protein A
      affinity chromatography.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3701195
TI  - Lyme disease in Kentucky.

PMID- 3701196
TI  - Long-term tympanic ventilation by Per-Lee tube.
AB  - The fate of 32 Per-Lee ventilation tubes inserted by a single surgeon for
      secretory otitis media in children and adults is analysed over a 15-year period.
      There were no extrusions and 25 tubes were still functional at the time of the
      survey. The total ventilation time achieved by the 32 tubes was over 157 years.
      Seven tubes were removed on account of either obstruction or infection.
      Spontaneous healing of the tympanic membrane was uncertain following removal of
      the tube and a considerable degree of scarring was inevitable. Hearing
      improvement occurred while the tube was functioning and there were no cases of
      hearing deterioration. It is concluded that the Per-Lee tube is a suitable
      prosthesis for long-term middle-ear ventilation.

PMID- 3701197
TI  - The use of Per-Lee ventilation tubes in the management of refractory secretory
      otitis media.
AB  - Per-Lee ventilation tubes have been used successfully for long-term ventilation
      in 35 ears, and none have been extruded although the maximum follow-up period is
      now in excess of 56 months. It is suggested that the benefits of this type of
      tube outweight any technical difficulty in insertion and that, if possible, the
      flange should be left untrimmed and the tube itself placed anterior to the
      malleus.

PMID- 3701198
TI  - Surgery of chronic otitis media in young patients.

PMID- 3701199
TI  - Stapedius reflex after stapedectomy with preservation of the stapedius tendon.
AB  - Stapedectomy with preservation of the stapedius tendon was carried out on 25
      patients. Impedance measurements confirm that the stapedius muscle does function
      thereafter. The results of stapedius reflex tests are shown by an x-y plotter on
      an Amplaid 702 for permanent records. The compliance of the drum is also
      increased by about 50 per cent. The characteristics of the reflex are reported
      and discussed as well as its clinical value. There is better speech
      discrimination and no pseudorecruitment.

PMID- 3701200
TI  - Sonotubometry in the investigation of objective tinnitus and palatal myoclonus: a
      demonstration of eustachian tube opening.

PMID- 3701201
TI  - The Francis alae nasi prop and nasal resistance to airflow.

PMID- 3701202
TI  - A prospective study of nasal fractures.
AB  - A prospective survey of 60 patients requiring manipulation under anaesthetic for
      nasal fractures has been carried out using pre- and post-operative photographs in
      conjunction with a standardized proforma. The results are presented and
      discussed.

PMID- 3701203
TI  - Effect of denervation on primate laryngeal muscles: a morphologic and
      morphometric study.
AB  - Primate intrinsic laryngeal muscles studied consisted of Type I and Type II
      fibres. Type II fibres were larger than Type I fibres. The coefficient of
      variance of these muscles suggested that the fibre-size variation was similar in
      all of these muscles. Denervation resulted in shrinking of Type II fibres at two
      weeks in all the muscles, while at four weeks the thyroarytenoid showed an
      inflammatory reaction and far greater reduction in size than the other muscles.
      At eight weeks, however, all the muscles were fibrosed. We conclude that
      laryngeal muscles begin to show evidence of denervation at two weeks and are
      fibrosed in eight weeks. The thyroarytenoid muscle showed inflammatory
      degeneration, while the posterior cricoarytenoid and cricothyroid muscles showed
      classical changes of denervation. These findings should have clinical
      significance in the timing of reinnervation procedures.

PMID- 3701204
TI  - Merkel cell tumour of the skin.
AB  - Two cases of a rare neuroendocrine skin tumour (Merkel cell carcinoma) are
      reported. The tumour affects mainly old women and men. It has a great tendency to
      metastasize to lymph nodes and distant sites. The primary treatment is surgical
      but radiotherapy has an important role to play. Merkel cell tumours are capable
      of producing NSE and have also been documented to secrete calcitonin and ACTH.
      Difficulties in histological diagnosis are frequent. The definitive diagnosis can
      only be made by electron microscopic examination.

PMID- 3701205
TI  - Serum phosphohexose isomerase levels in patients with head and neck cancer.
AB  - Serum phosphohexose isomerase (PHI) levels were estimated in 28 patients with
      head and neck cancer. The mean value was significantly higher when compared to
      the controls. There was no difference in mean PHI value with respect to the
      character of the lesion or with the histopathological type of growth. The
      activity was increased with the advancement of the stage of cancer. With
      radiotherapy, a gradual and significant decrease in serum PHI activity was
      observed.

PMID- 3701206
TI  - Oto-laryngeal histoplasmosis.

PMID- 3701207
TI  - Nominal aphasia following a radical mastoidectomy.
AB  - A rare complication of a radical mastoid operation is described. Possible reasons
      for such a complication are mentioned. All clinical manifestations subsided
      spontaneously.

PMID- 3701208
TI  - Primary laryngeal tuberculosis (a case report).

PMID- 3701209
TI  - Rhabdomyoma of the larynx.
AB  - Since 1897 a total of 37 cases of extracardiac rhabdomyomas of the fetal type
      have been reported in the literature. Only two of these were localized in the
      larynx. We report an additional case of extracardiac rhabdomyoma localized in the
      larynx, and the pertinent literature is discussed. Although rare, its existence
      should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of laryngeal tumours.

PMID- 3701211
TI  - The price of special education.

PMID- 3701210
TI  - Cartilaginous neoplasms of the head and neck (a report on four cases).
AB  - The presenting features and management of three cases of chondroma and one of
      chondrosarcoma in different head and neck sites are described. The rarity of this
      tumour is emphasized by a brief review of the literature. The fact that all the
      above cases presented within two years to one District General Hospital makes
      this series very unusual indeed.

PMID- 3701212
TI  - Labeling theory as applied to learning disabilities: survey findings and policy
      suggestions.

PMID- 3701213
TI  - Assessment: projections of its decline and fall with suggestions for its
      resurrection.

PMID- 3701214
TI  - Performance of normal and dyslexic readers on the Kaufman Assessment Battery for
      Children (K-ABC): a discriminant analysis.

PMID- 3701215
TI  - A comparison of the Minnesota Perceptual Diagnostic Test Revised and the Bender
      Gestalt.

PMID- 3701216
TI  - An evaluation of a non-visual method.

PMID- 3701217
TI  - Special education students in regular classes: what happened to the pyramid?

PMID- 3701218
TI  - Arithmetic automatization failure in children with attention and reading
      disorders: associations and sequela.

PMID- 3701220
TI  - The efficacy of a mnemonic technique for learning disabled and nondisabled
      adolescents.

PMID- 3701219
TI  - Intellectual, academic and neuropsychological performance levels in learning
      disabled adults.

PMID- 3701221
TI  - Word processors and the acquisition of writing strategies.

PMID- 3701222
TI  - Student assessment: a teacher's approach, Part I.

PMID- 3701223
TI  - Accuracy of piezoelectric accelerometers measuring displacement of a spinal
      adjusting instrument.
AB  - The accuracy and reproducibility of an electronic system to measure the
      displacement of a spring-loaded chiropractic adjusting instrument was examined.
      The electronic system included a piezoelectric force transducer, piezoelectric
      accelerometer transducers and a digital oscilloscope. Accuracy was studied by
      comparing electronic measurements with the expansion allowed by the mechanically
      limiting expansion-control knob of the instrument. The results suggested
      improvements for future accuracy verification checks and detected accuracy within
      about 10% of the expansion of the commonly used expansion-control-knob
      revolutions. Preliminary experiments are presented to show application of the
      system to studies on thrusts into the spine. The impedance-head-equipped spring
      loaded Activator chiropractic adjusting instrument had a low velocity when used
      on the patient and appeared to cause bone movement and a measurable EMG response.

PMID- 3701224
TI  - Benign intracranial hypertension: diagnosis and conservative management.
AB  - The clinical features of benign intracranial hypertension are described.
      Pathological components are discussed and are contrasted against the current
      theoretical model of pain production in benign intracranial hypertension.
      Diagnosis and associated conditions are discussed from a review of the
      literature, and conservative management is outlined.

PMID- 3701225
TI  - Radiological differentiation of tuberculous and pyogenic osteomyelitis: a case
      report.
AB  - A case report is presented in which tuberculosis of the spine (Pott's disease) is
      identified radiographically and is compared with pyogenic osteomyelitis. Physical
      examination findings, as well as laboratory evaluation of these conditions, are
      differentiated.

PMID- 3701226
TI  - Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a case report.
AB  - A case of cervical spondylotic myelopathy is presented, and the literature
      reviewing its etiology is discussed. Computed tomography is believed to be the
      most accurate method to use in order to confirm a diagnosis of cervical
      spondylotic myelopathy. Manipulation of the cervical spine is contraindicated for
      this condition.

PMID- 3701227
TI  - Scientific basis for the chiropractic subluxation complex.

PMID- 3701228
TI  - Sex and young people: leaving them alone to cope is not the answer.

PMID- 3701229
TI  - Mammography: the hope for survival of breast cancer.

PMID- 3701230
TI  - Cold remedies and heart disease.

PMID- 3701231
TI  - Relationships between plasma progesterone levels and testicular testosterone
      production in the rat fetus: effects of maternal ovariectomy.
AB  - The present study was performed to examine whether circulating progesterone
      regulates testicular testosterone production in the fetal rat. Progesterone
      levels in fetal plasma were found to increase from day 14.5 to day 16.5;
      thereafter they reached a plateau between days 16.5 and 18.5 (80 nmol/l) and
      decreased threefold between days 18.5 and 21.5. The addition of progesterone,
      within the range of normal plasma concentrations, induced a dose-dependent
      increase in testosterone produced in vitro by the testes on days 16.5 and 18.5
      but not on day 20.5. However, in 18.5-day-old fetuses, individual plasma
      progesterone levels were not correlated with testicular testosterone production
      in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, maternal bilateral ovariectomy induced a
      significant fall in plasma progesterone in 18.5-day-old fetuses; this was not
      associated with a reduction in plasma testosterone nor in testicular testosterone
      content, although the amount of testosterone secreted by the testis incubated in
      vitro was slightly but significantly reduced. It is concluded that circulating
      progesterone does not regulate testicular testosterone production in vivo
      although the testis may use plasma progesterone as a substrate. On day 18.5 after
      maternal ovariectomy, the decrease in plasma progesterone levels was similar in
      fetuses and mothers, suggesting that most fetal progesterone originates from
      maternal plasma.

PMID- 3701232
TI  - Seasonal changes in concentrations of plasma hormones in the male ring dove
      (Streptopelia risoria).
AB  - Seasonal changes in concentrations of plasma LH, prolactin, thyroxine (T4), GH
      and corticosterone were measured in captive male ring doves exposed to natural
      lighting at latitude 56 degrees N. Plasma LH levels decreased steeply in autumn
      when the daylength fell below about 12.5 h but increased in November as the birds
      became short-day refractory. In comparison with plasma LH concentrations in a
      group of short-day refractory birds exposed to 6 h light/day from the winter
      solstice, plasma LH levels in birds exposed to natural lighting increased further
      in spring after the natural daylength reached about 12.5 h. There were no
      seasonal changes in plasma prolactin concentrations and plasma T4 concentrations
      were at their highest during December, January and February, the coldest months
      of the year. The seasonal fall in plasma LH levels in September was associated
      with a transitory increase in plasma T4, a transitory decrease in plasma
      corticosterone and a sustained increase in plasma GH. It is suggested that in the
      ring dove, short-day refractoriness develops rapidly in November to allow the
      bird to breed when the opportunity arises, during the winter and early spring.
      The annual breeding cycle is synchronized by a short-day induced regression of
      the reproductive system in the autumn, the primary function of which may be to
      enable the birds to meet the energy requirements for the annual moult. The
      changes in plasma T4, corticosterone and especially of GH at this time of year
      are probably concerned with the control of moult or the associated changes in
      energy requirements.

PMID- 3701234
TI  - Regulation of stages VI and VIII of the rat seminiferous epithelial cycle in
      vitro.
AB  - Plasminogen activator (PA) is secreted cyclically (in stages VII and VIII) by rat
      seminiferous tubules. To investigate whether this can be maintained and
      influenced in vitro, tubule segments from stages VI and VIII of the epithelial
      cycle were cultured for 3 days in chemically defined medium supplemented with
      testosterone, FSH, or a combination of testosterone, FSH, insulin and retinoic
      acid (4F). Morphological and flow cytometric analyses of stage VI tubules
      suggested a roughly normal differentiation to stage VIII. They developed an
      increased PA secretion on day 3 of culture. Stage VIII tubules, however, did not
      develop all the characteristics of stage XII. Step 8 spermatids did not elongate
      and step 19 spermatids failed to develop into spermatozoa. Secretion of PA on day
      3 was not significantly different to that on day 1. The 4F combination very
      significantly stimulated PA secretion in both stages, but FSH alone was effective
      only in stage VIII. Most of the secreted PA had a molecular weight of 43,000 in
      both stages, suggesting that it is of urokinase type. The results suggest that
      stage VI is more able to differentiate in vitro for 3 days than stage VIII; the
      cyclic secretion pattern of PA was partially maintained in tubule segments from
      stage VI. Follicle-stimulating hormone had an effect on PA secretion only in
      stage VIII, whereas the 4F combination was stimulatory in both stages. The
      retinoic acid in this combination may be of importance in the regulation of PA
      secretion by seminiferous tubules.

PMID- 3701233
TI  - Prolactin release, oestrogens and proliferation of prolactin-secreting cells in
      the anterior pituitary gland of adult male rats.
AB  - Relationships among the release of prolactin, the effect of oestrogens and the
      proliferation of prolactin-secreting cells were studied under several
      experimental conditions. Administration of sulpiride or oestradiol released
      prolactin and stimulated cell proliferation in the anterior pituitary gland of
      adult male rats. Clomiphene completely abolished the rise in cell proliferation,
      but did not interfere with the sulpiride-induced release of prolactin. Treatment
      with oestradiol plus sulpiride significantly increased serum prolactin
      concentrations and the mitotic index compared with the sum of the stimulation
      produced by both drugs separately. Bromocriptine abolished the stimulatory effect
      of oestradiol on the serum prolactin concentration and on cell proliferation. In
      oestradiol- and/or sulpiride-treated rats, 80% of the cells in mitoses were
      lactotrophs. The remaining 20% did not stain with antisera against any of the
      pituitary hormones. The number of prolactin-secreting cells in the anterior
      pituitary gland significantly increased after the administration of oestradiol or
      sulpiride. The results demonstrate that treatment with sulpiride and/or
      oestradiol increases the proliferation and the number of lactotrophs in the
      anterior pituitary gland of the rat.

PMID- 3701235
TI  - Influence of hypothyroidism on the lipolytic activity of norepinephrine in the
      newborn lamb.
AB  - The effects of hypothyroidism on the lipolytic activity of norepinephrine were
      assessed in the newborn lamb. Lambs were separated into three groups: group A
      were controls; groups B and C were made hypothyroid by administration of
      benzylthiouracil from birth until 11 days of age. In control lambs, plasma free
      fatty acid concentrations, used as an index of lipolytic activity, increased
      significantly (plus 0.45 mmol/l) during the infusion of norepinephrine, whereas
      they did not change in hypothyroid lambs (group B). Adding thyroxine and tri
      iodothyronine to the infusion medium (group C) immediately restored the free
      fatty acid response to norepinephrine in hypothyroid lambs (plus 0.41 mmol/l).
      These results suggest that thyroid hormones could modulate the lipolytic activity
      of catecholamines in the newborn lamb without a latent period.

PMID- 3701236
TI  - Evidence for granulosa-theca interaction in the secretion of oxytocin by bovine
      ovarian tissue.
AB  - We have examined the ability of granulosa cells, from carefully selected
      preovulatory bovine follicles, to secrete oxytocin in vitro. Although cells from
      83% of follicles underwent functional luteinization (greatly increased
      progesterone secretion) in serum-supplemented culture, only 69% had cells capable
      of oxytocin secretion. Secretion followed a similar time course in all cultures,
      with the peak appearing on day 3. Oxytocin, but not progesterone, output could be
      consistently increased by addition of pieces of theca interna tissue, or theca
      conditioned medium, to the cultures. The effect could be achieved by exposure to
      theca tissue at any time prior to peak output without altering the time course of
      secretion. Oxytocin could not be detected in follicular fluid from any of the
      selected follicles, nor in medium from theca cultured alone. We conclude that the
      potential for oxytocin secretion is a feature of follicular maturation which is
      lost during atresia and that the stimulus to secretion is associated with
      luteinization but not with progesterone output. Finally, the intermixing of
      follicular cells during corpus luteum formation may provide a mechanism for the
      enhancement of oxytocin secretion within a predetermined time frame.

PMID- 3701237
TI  - Measurement of lipogenesis in isolated preputial gland cells of the rat and the
      effect of oestrogen.
AB  - Lipogenesis was measured in isolated preputial gland cells of female rats after
      ovariectomy and after the administration of oestradiol benzoate. Ovariectomy
      decreased preputial gland cell lipogenesis and also altered the pattern of lipid
      synthesis, producing a relative decrease in the proportion of polar lipids and an
      increase in the proportion of 'triglycerides'. Although daily administration of 2
      or 10 micrograms oestradiol benzoate for 7 days produced slight increases in
      preputial gland cell lipogenesis in ovariectomized rats, the effects were not
      significant. A single injection of 10 micrograms oestradiol benzoate, however,
      produced significant increases in preputial gland cell lipogenesis of
      ovariectomized rats at both 2 and 24 h and, moreover, at 24 h the pattern of
      polar lipid and triglyceride labelling was restored to normal. Prior
      administration of actinomycin D reduced the lipogenic effect of oestradiol
      benzoate. Oestradiol benzoate had little or no effect on preputial gland cell
      lipogenesis in male rats. These results confirm that oestrogen is able to
      stimulate preputial lipogenesis in female rats. Whether this action of oestrogen
      is related to its pheromone-producing effect on the preputial glands is not yet
      known.

PMID- 3701238
TI  - Bilateral maintenance of rabbit corpora lutea by the feto-placental unit.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to determine whether the rabbit feto-placental
      unit maintains corpora lutea systematically and/or locally and the
      interrelationships between conceptus number, luteal weight, luteal progesterone
      concentrations and serum progesterone levels. Thirty-three does were divided into
      the following treatment groups: (I) bilaterally pregnant, two ovaries; (II)
      unilaterally pregnant, two ovaries; (III) bilaterally pregnant, one ovary; (IV)
      unilaterally pregnant, one ovary, contralateral and (V) unilaterally pregnant,
      one ovary, ipsilateral. Blood samples were obtained from all rabbits on days 6,
      9, 12, 15, 18 and 21 post coitum. Does were killed on day 21, and the percentage
      of viable fetuses, fetal weights, and luteal weights recorded. Blood samples and
      corpora lutea were analysed for progesterone. Serum progesterone levels were
      similar for all groups until day 9 post coitum. Levels in groups III, IV and V
      declined significantly between days 9 and 12 following removal of one ovary at
      day 9. Fetal viability, fetal weights and luteal progesterone concentrations did
      not differ among any of the groups. Luteal weights did not differ among groups I,
      III, IV and V, but luteal weights of animals in group II were lower than those of
      group I (P less than 0.05). Ratios of viable fetuses to number of corpora lutea
      ranged from 1:11-10:5. No differences were observed in serum progesterone, luteal
      weights or luteal progesterone concentrations among animals with two conceptuses
      and those with seven or more, but serum progesterone levels in does with only one
      conceptus were lower than those in does with more (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3701239
TI  - Morphological changes in the pituitary and thyroid of the rat in hypobaric
      hypoxia.
AB  - When a group of adult male Wistar rats was exposed to a barometric pressure of
      380 mmHg for 28 days in an hypobaric chamber, profound changes occurred in their
      hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroidal axes in comparison with normobaric controls. The
      thyroid glands of the hypoxic animals had an inactive appearance, comprising
      large colloid-filled follicles lined by low epithelium. The thyrotrophs of the
      pars distalis of the pituitary glands were markedly decreased in number. They
      occupied only 0.41% of the total cell population in contrast with 1.34% in the
      controls (P less than 0.001); a total population which is itself decreased in the
      hypoxic animals. Classical 'thyroidectomy cells' were not seen. These
      observations support previous studies which indicate suppression of thyroid
      function in an hypoxic environment, and tend to suggest that this is a
      consequence of a direct effect of hypoxia on the hypothalamus or pituitary gland,
      rather than on the thyroid itself.

PMID- 3701240
TI  - Testosterone sensitivity of the seminal sacs of tree sparrows (Spizella arborea)
      in different reproductive states.
AB  - Testosterone sensitivity of the seminal sacs of castrated tree sparrows from each
      of three reproductive states was evaluated by measuring the change in seminal-sac
      mass per unit change in the logarithm of replacement or plasma testosterone.
      Birds were exposed to exogenous testosterone for 38 days. Replacement doses less
      than 0.17 mumol or plasma concentrations less than about 0.7 nmol/l did not
      induce seminal-sac growth in photosensitive castrated birds held on short days,
      in photosensitive castrated birds transferred from short to long days, or in
      photorefractory castrated birds retained on long days. Higher replacement doses
      or plasma concentrations, however, stimulated log dose-dependent growth of the
      seminal sacs in castrated birds from all three reproductive states. The change in
      seminal-sac mass per unit change in the logarithm of the dose of replacement
      testosterone was less (P = 0.0495) in photosensitive castrated birds held on
      short days than in photosensitive castrated birds transferred to long days. A
      more critical test of sensitivity (i.e. the change in seminal-sac mass per unit
      change in the logarithm of mean plasma testosterone concentration) indicated,
      however, that sensitivity of the seminal sacs to testosterone is independent of
      reproductive state. That result, when considered in the context of the plasma
      testosterone profile of intact males during a simulated reproductive cycle,
      argues that the seminal sacs of sexually quiescent (photosensitive or
      photorefractory) tree sparrows are small not because of their insensitivity to
      androgens, but because of a deficiency of circulating androgens.

PMID- 3701241
TI  - A testosterone-independent reduction in net photoperiodic drive triggers
      photorefractoriness in male tree sparrows (Spizella arborea).
AB  - An experiment was performed to determine whether photorefractoriness in male tree
      sparrows is triggered by a testosterone-independent reduction in net
      photoperiodic drive or by a photoperiod-induced hypersensitivity of the
      hypothalamic-pituitary axis to testosterone negative feedback. Photosensitive
      male tree sparrows were transferred from 8 h light:16 h darkness (8L:16D) to
      20L:4D. Birds were castrated bilaterally on day 28 of photostimulation. Beginning
      on day 33 and weekly thereafter until day 54, birds were given replacement
      testosterone (0-1.49 mumol) in s.c. polydimethylsiloxane capsules. Plasma samples
      collected on days 36, 43, 50 and 57 were assayed for LH. Plasma LH concentrations
      in birds without replacement testosterone were regarded as reflecting net
      photoperiodic drive in the absence of testosterone feedback, and the slopes of
      curves relating the logarithm of plasma LH concentration to dose of replacement
      testosterone were taken as quantitative measures of testosterone feedback
      sensitivity. The results showed that a testosterone-independent reduction in net
      photoperiodic drive beginning between days 43 and 50 preceded any change in
      sensitivity to testosterone negative feedback. Such results provide compelling
      evidence that a testosterone-independent mechanism triggers the photorefractory
      state in male tree sparrows.

PMID- 3701242
TI  - Sexual dimorphism of messenger RNA isolated from neonatal rat brain.
AB  - The rat brain is sexually dimorphic with respect to structure and function, and
      there is evidence that these differences are effected in the fetus through
      changes in protein synthesis, some of which may result from the intervention of
      gonadal steroids. To investigate this, messenger RNA (mRNA) from the limbic
      system and cerebellum of neonatal rats was prepared, translated in a rabbit
      reticulocyte system in vitro and the products were analysed by two-dimensional
      electrophoresis and fluorography. Some of the results were further analysed using
      image analysis. There was a striking sexual dimorphism in the patterns of
      incorporation of [35S]methionine into proteins using mRNA from the limbic system,
      in that groups of proteins were apparently present in male-but not in female
      derived fluorograms and vice versa. One protein, tentatively identified from its
      coordinates as alpha-tubulin, was more abundant in male-derived fluorograms.
      Although there were no clear-cut qualitative sex differences using mRNA derived
      from the cerebellum, that derived from the male cerebellum appeared to be
      consistently more active. These results provide direct evidence for a sexual
      dimorphism at the transcriptional level in the neonatal limbic system of the rat.

PMID- 3701243
TI  - Central adrenergic activity in the mediobasal hypothalamus is temporally related
      to surge outputs of gonadotrophins in oestrogen-stimulated infant female rats.
AB  - In the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) of pro-oestrous rats or acutely
      ovariectomized oestrogen-treated adults a marked but short-lived increase in
      adrenergic activity occurs at 16.00 h, 2 h before the oestrogen-dependent surge
      of gonadotrophins at 18.00 h. In this study oestrogen-stimulated (noon on day 1)
      22-day-old female rats were used which are known to produce surge levels of
      prolactin at 18.00 h on day 2 and surges of both prolactin and LH at 18.00 h on
      day 3; although similar treatment of 18-day-old animals or oil-treated 22-day-old
      rats failed to produce these effects. Radioenzymatic assays of adrenaline
      concentrations and of the activity of its synthesizing enzyme (phenylethanolamine
      N-methyl transferase; PNMT, EC 2.1.1.28) in the MBH of oestrogen-treated 22-day
      old rats showed significant (P less than 0.05-0.01) increases in both parameters
      at 16.00 h (i.e. 2 h before surge levels of gonadotrophins) on days 2 and 3 when
      compared with other times of day. Such effects were not seen in oil-treated 22
      day-old animals or in oestrogen-treated 16-day-old rats. Noradrenaline and
      dopamine concentrations in the MBH of oestrogen-treated 22-day-old rats remained
      at baseline levels on days 2 and 3 with the exception of noradrenaline at 17.00 h
      on day 3 when levels appeared higher (P less than 0.05) than at either 15.00 or
      16.00 h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3701244
TI  - Neonatal testosterone potentiates stimulated prolactin secretion in adult
      oestrogen-primed rats.
AB  - Blood samples were collected from oestrogen-primed gonadectomized adult rats
      before and after electrical stimulation of the preoptic part of the hypothalamus.
      Six groups of rats were used for the experiments. These were (a) males castrated
      on the first day of life, (b) males castrated after puberty, (c) females
      ovariectomized after puberty and (d), (e) and (f) females given testosterone
      propionate at birth (1.25, 0.125 and 0.0125 mg/rat respectively). Neonatal
      exposure of the female rats to testosterone caused a dose-dependent increase in
      the amounts of prolactin released to levels significantly (P less than 0.01)
      higher than those observed in male animals and in untreated females. The results
      indicate that although neonatal testosterone inhibits oestrogen-stimulated
      prolactin secretion in adult rats, the neuroendocrine apparatus controlling
      secretion of the hormone is capable of being activated to greater effect after
      exposure to androgens at the time of birth.

PMID- 3701245
TI  - Characterization of a soluble prolactin-binding activity in rat liver cytosol.
AB  - Soluble binding activity for lactogenic hormones has been detected in high-speed
      cytosolic preparations from the livers of 21-day-old male and female rats. No
      lactogenic hormone binding was detected in cytosols from rat heart, kidney,
      skeletal muscle or adipose tissue. Liver cytosol binding of 125I-labelled human
      growth hormone or ovine prolactin was dependent on time, temperature, and protein
      and calcium concentrations. Binding was specific for lactogenic hormones and not
      somatotrophic hormones. Scatchard analysis revealed linear plots with an affinity
      of 2.9-4.6 litres/nmol. By gel filtration the molecular weight of the lactogen
      binding activity was greater than 450,000. The cytosolic binding activity may be
      an internalized form of the membrane-bound lactogen receptor, which has similar
      binding characteristics, or alternatively it may be a distinct binding species,
      with a defined role in mediating intracellular effects of prolactin in the liver.

PMID- 3701246
TI  - Calcium-independent stimulation of glycogenolysis by arginine vasotocin and
      catecholamines in liver of the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) in vitro.
AB  - Arginine vasotocin (AVT) caused a concentration-dependent increase of glycogen
      phosphorylase alpha activity, breakdown of glycogen and release of glucose, when
      added to pieces of axolotl liver in organ culture. The concentration causing half
      maximal response (EC50) was about 1 nmol/l. These actions of AVT were unaffected
      by the adrenergic antagonists propranolol, yohimbine and prazosin, but were
      blocked by equimolar amounts of d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVT, a synthetic antagonist of
      vasopressin. Arginine vasotocin similarly caused glycogenolysis in isolated
      perfused axolotl liver where the EC50 was about 0.1 nmol/l. The glycogenolytic
      action of AVT (10 nmol/l) was sustained for at least 3 h in Ca2+-free perfusion
      and longer in organ culture. No increase in Ca2+ concentration in the effluent
      perfusion medium was apparent during AVT-induced glucose release. Omission of
      Ca2+ from the medium, together with addition of EGTA (2.5 mmol/l) to the organ
      culture, had only a slight inhibitory effect upon the rate of glycogenolysis
      brought about by AVT and did not inhibit the glycogenolytic action of
      catecholamines. Addition of the calcium ionophore A23187 (5 mumol/l) neither
      caused glucose release nor abolished the glycogenolytic action of AVT added
      subsequently. Nevertheless, A23187 caused increased loss of 45Ca from Ca2+-loaded
      liver pieces whereas AVT was without effect. There was a slight accumulation of
      cyclic AMP (cAMP), but not cGMP, in axolotl liver pieces cultured in the presence
      of 0.1 mumol AVT/l and this was accentuated in the presence of phosphodiesterase
      inhibitors. We conclude that, in contrast to the position in mammals, Ca2+ is not
      involved in the glycogenolytic actions of AVT or catecholamines in axolotl liver.
      Preliminary experiments suggest that the same is true in the carp and we suggest
      that the involvement of Ca2+ in regulation of hepatic glucose release may not
      have evolved until after the amphibians separated from the ancestors of the
      mammals.

PMID- 3701247
TI  - Effects of porcine relaxin on the length of gestation and duration of parturition
      in the rat.
AB  - Experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of porcine relaxin on the
      course of gestation and delivery in the rat. Plasma relaxin was maintained at
      approximately 600 nmol/l from day 19 to day 23 of gestation by i.v. infusion from
      chronically implanted minipumps. Relaxin significantly (P less than 0.001)
      prolonged the length of gestation in 17 rats compared with controls, without
      causing dystocia or affecting the number of live births. Six rats gave birth
      during relaxin infusion. In these animals there was a significant (P less than
      0.001) increase in the interval between successive deliveries compared with
      control animals, resulting in prolonged labour. The remaining 11 rats gave birth
      after the infusion was completed, when the interval between successive deliveries
      was significantly (P less than 0.025) shorter than controls. The results are
      consistent with the hypothesis that relaxin has a central action suppressing the
      release of oxytocin as well as a peripheral action on the myometrium and cervix.

PMID- 3701248
TI  - Colloidal carbon blocks oestrogen-induced migration of eosinophils to the uterus
      and the uterine water imbibition response.
AB  - Oestrogen induces a migration of eosinophil leukocytes to the uterus where, it is
      suggested, these cells mediate several responses to hormone stimulation. To
      investigate the mechanism of the recognition of the uterus by the eosinophils,
      the present study describes the effect of a blockade of the rat reticulo
      endothelial system with colloidal carbon on oestrogen-induced uterine
      eosinophilia, and other responses to oestrogen stimulation that, it has been
      suggested, are mediated by eosinophils. In the absence of oestrogen colloidal
      carbon induced an increase in the number of eosinophils in mesometrium but not in
      endometrium with myometrium, and a slight oedematous reaction in deep
      endometrium. Colloidal carbon abolished the oestrogen-induced increase in the
      number of eosinophils in endometrium with myometrium and drastically decreased
      the oestrogen-induced increase in uterine wet weight and the endometrial
      oedematous responses 6 h after the administration of oestrogen. The present
      results agree with the hypothesis that most uterine water imbibition is mediated
      by eosinophils and suggest a possible mechanism for the interaction of colloidal
      carbon with eosinophil migration to the uterus.

PMID- 3701249
TI  - Eye movements and the perceptual span in beginning and skilled readers.
AB  - Four experiments are reported which examined the size of the perceptual span in
      second-, fourth-, and sixth-grade children, as well as adult skilled readers. The
      results indicated that the perceptual span in beginning readers is slightly
      smaller than the perceptual span of skilled readers. Using a moving window
      technique, it was found that the perceptual span of beginning readers extends
      about 11 character spaces to the right of fixation; for skilled readers, the span
      extends 14-15 spaces to the right of fixation. Beginning readers apparently
      devote more of their processing to the foveally fixated word than more proficient
      readers, but their perceptual span appears to be asymmetric to the right of
      fixation as is the case for skilled readers. The results of the experiments also
      indicated that the size of the perceptual span is variable and can be influenced
      by the difficulty of the text. It is concluded that the size of the perceptual
      span does not cause beginning readers' slow reading rates.

PMID- 3701250
TI  - Self-recognition: a study of a population without mirrors.
AB  - The study of the influence of familiarity with mirrors on children's capacity to
      identify their reflected images permitted differentiation between two problems
      that confront the child in the mirror situation: (a) the identity of the image
      and (b) the capacity to relate mirror space to real space. Sixty children, 6 to
      26 months old, without previous experience with mirrors, were observed
      systematically while discovering their mirror image and a reflected object. Their
      behavior was compared to a control group with habitual mirror familiarity. The
      results suggest that (a) self-recognition in the mirror is independent of the
      child's familiarity with reflecting surfaces and (b) the capacity to relate
      mirror to real space seems to be strongly influenced by previous experience with
      mirrors.

PMID- 3701251
TI  - Newborns' discrimination of chromatic from achromatic stimuli.
AB  - Two experiments assessed newborns' ability to discriminate chromatic from
      achromatic stimuli. In Experiment 1, newborns differentiated gray from green,
      from yellow, and from red: For each of these hues they preferred chromatic-and
      gray checkerboards over gray squares matched in mean luminance, even though the
      luminance of the gray checks was varied systematically over a wide range so as to
      minimize nonchromatic cues. However, newborns showed no evidence of
      differentiating gray from blue: At some luminances they showed no preference for
      a blue-and-gray checkerboard over a gray square. In Experiment 2, newborns
      differentiated red from gray but appeared not to differentiate blue from gray:
      Following habituation to a series of gray squares of varying luminance, they
      looked longer at a red square than at a gray square of novel luminance but showed
      no such pattern of recovery to a blue square. The results imply that newborns
      have some, albeit limited, ability to discriminate chromatic from achromatic
      stimuli and hence, that they are at least dichromats.

PMID- 3701252
TI  - Dimensional salience and speeded sorting of orientation by kindergarten and
      fourth-grade children.
AB  - Perceptual sensitivity and cognitive processing hypotheses relating to
      orientation perception in kindergarten and fourth-grade children were tested.
      Assessment of dimensional salience for orientation and form revealed that
      subjects at both grade levels identified geometric figures as being alike on the
      basis of form regardless of orientation condition. The effects of dimensional
      salience and orientation condition on speeded sorting were then investigated.
      Kindergarten results supported the cognitive processing prediction that
      orientation sorting times would vary as a function of orientation condition, but
      no differences were obtained for the fourth-grade subjects. In addition, the
      results indicated a substantial improvement in kindergarten performance when
      sorting on the basis of form as compared with orientation. Dimensional salience
      had much less effect on fourth-grade sorting times.

PMID- 3701253
TI  - Secretion of HLA-A and -B antigens via an alternative RNA splicing pathway.
AB  - Human class I major histocompatibility antigens (HLA-A, -B and -C) are integral
      membrane protein heterodimers, which are anchored in the membrane via a stretch
      of hydrophobic amino acids near the carboxyl terminus of the heavy chain. It has
      previously been shown that a mutagenized cell line secretes a water soluble form
      of the HLA-A2 antigen, due to a pattern of RNA splicing that removes exon 5
      (encoding the transmembrane hydrophobic amino acids) from mature, HLA-A2-
      encoding transcripts. The present study was undertaken to assess whether a
      similar process might be operative in nonmutagenized cells. It is shown that
      water soluble class I molecules (primarily HLA-A24) are secreted by the T
      leukemic cell line HPB-ALL, and that alternative splicing removes exon 5 from a
      fraction of HLA-A24--encoding transcripts. It is further shown that class I
      molecules are secreted, possibly in an allele-specific fashion, from a variety of
      tumor cells and normal cells. The possible relationship between these findings
      and previous reports of HLA-A and -B antigens in human serum is discussed.

PMID- 3701254
TI  - Organization and evolution of D region class I genes in the mouse major
      histocompatibility complex.
AB  - Chromosome walking has been used to study the organization of the class I genes
      in the D and Qa regions of the MHC of the BALB/c mouse and in the D region of the
      AKR mouse. Five and eight class I genes are found in the D and Qa regions of the
      BALB/c mouse, respectively, while the AKR mouse contains only a single class I D
      region gene that has been identified by transfection as the Dk gene. Restriction
      map homologies and crosshybridization experiments suggest that the multiple class
      I genes in the D region of the BALB/c mouse have been generated by unequal
      crossing-over involving class I genes from the Qa region. The expanded D region
      of BALB/c and other H-2d haplotype mouse strains appears to be metastable, since
      evidence for gene contraction in the Dd region has been found in two mutant
      strains. Thus the D region and also the Qa region class I genes are in a dynamic
      state, evolving by gene expansion and contraction.

PMID- 3701255
TI  - Autoantibodies against alanyl-tRNA synthetase and tRNAAla coexist and are
      associated with myositis.
AB  - The sera of six patients with autoimmune disease, predominantly myositis with
      pulmonary fibrosis, contain antibodies of the PL-12 specificity. These
      autoantibodies react with both protein and RNA components of human cells. The
      protein has a subunit molecular mass of 110 kD, and the RNA comprises a group of
      bands in the tRNA size class. Aminoacylation experiments identify the antigens as
      alanyl-tRNA synthetase and its corresponding tRNAs, tRNAAla. Anti-tRNA antibody
      can be absorbed out without depleting antisynthetase activity, showing that the
      antigens are recognized independently by separable antibodies that coexist in
      these sera. The concurrence of separate antibodies to the two components suggests
      that the autoimmune response may be mounted against the charging enzyme-tRNA
      complex. However, the antisynthetase antibody fails to coprecipitate tRNA with
      the enzyme, suggesting that the antibody reacts with its target only when it is
      not complexed with tRNA.

PMID- 3701256
TI  - Oncogene expression in autoimmune and normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
AB  - PBMC from patients with autoimmune diseases and from normal controls were studied
      for the expression of several cellular oncogenes. Gene expression was assessed by
      Northern blot analysis of poly(A)+ RNA obtained from leukapheresis samples.
      Patients with SLE expressed significantly more c-myc protooncogene RNA than did
      normal controls. Increased expression of the N-ras protooncogene was found in
      that subset of patients whose autoimmune disease was very active. Cells from
      individuals with SLE, but not from those with other autoimmune illnesses, showed
      significantly decreased levels of the c-myb and c-fos protooncogenes. To examine
      the implications of these findings, B and T cells were purified from apheresis
      samples donated by normal volunteers. When mitogen was used to activate the B
      cells in vitro, their pattern of protooncogene expression changed to resemble
      that found in freshly isolated cells from lupus patients. These results suggest
      that the differences detected in the expression of protooncogenes by patients
      with SLE may be due to the abnormal activation of their B cells in vivo. The
      pattern of protooncogene expression found in patients with other autoimmune
      illnesses is consistent with the activation of additional cell types in those
      diseases.

PMID- 3701257
TI  - Tolerance to drug-induced (poly I:C) natural killer cell activation: congruence
      with a Pavlovian conditioning model.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to assess the role of conditioning factors on the
      tolerance of drug-induced natural killer (NK) cell activity. A protocol in which
      mice were given four weekly injections of the immunostimulatory synthetic
      polynucleotide (poly I:C) paired with a complex environmental stimulus produced a
      reliable tolerance effect. The sensitivity of the observed tolerance to known
      decremental conditioning procedures--extinction (Experiment 1) and preexposure to
      the conditioning stimulus (latent inhibition, Experiment 2)--was investigated.
      The results indicated that posttreatment exposure to drug-signaling cues (i.e.,
      extinction) significantly reversed tolerance such that NK cell activity was at a
      level comparable to that for controls receiving the drug for the first time
      (Experiment 1). In a similar fashion, pretreatment exposure to the drug-signaling
      cues (CS preexposure) inhibited the development of tolerance (Experiment 2).
      These results provide initial evidence that nonpharmacological manipulations of
      drug-signaling environmental cues can affect tolerance to the immunostimulatory
      effect of poly I:C, as would be expected with a conditioning analysis of such
      tolerance.

PMID- 3701259
TI  - Retention interval and intertrial interval in a serial learning or delayed
      discrimination task.
AB  - In each of four experiments, rats were provided with the same three-event
      decreasing series (18-1-0) of 0.045-g food pellets in a runway. Tracking, running
      fast to 18 pellets and running slow to 1 and 0 pellets, was investigated as a
      function of the temporal interval elapsing between the events of the series (the
      retention interval), shifts in retention interval, and number of trials each day
      (or the intertrial interval), a trial being defined as presentation of each of
      the three events of the series. Neither retention interval, which varied from 15
      s to 30 min in various investigations, nor shifts in retention interval affected
      tracking when only one trial was given each day. But when more than one daily
      trial was given, tracking was acquired more slowly and was disrupted by a shift
      in retention interval from 15 s to 5 min. Tracking was also disrupted by a shift
      from one to two trials each day. These results indicate that when given one 18-1
      0 trial each day, the rat partitions events on a first-event/subsequent-event
      basis; that little forgetting occurs even at long retention intervals; that
      somewhat different memories signal events when one or more than one 18-1-0 trial
      occurs each day; and that retention interval deficits can arise owing to the same
      or similar memories' signaling different events. The results described limit the
      generality of three hypotheses suggested in two recent investigations: that as
      retention interval increases, rats find it increasingly difficult to remember and
      utilize serial position cues; that tracking in serial tasks is not influenced by
      number of trials each day; and that there are specific stimuli associated with
      each retention interval which, when changed, necessarily disrupt performance.

PMID- 3701258
TI  - Pavlovian second-order conditioned analgesia.
AB  - Three experiments with rat subjects assessed conditioned analgesia in a Pavlovian
      second-order conditioning procedure by using inhibition of responding to thermal
      stimulation as an index of pain sensitivity. In Experiment 1, rats receiving
      second-order conditioning showed longer response latencies during a test of pain
      sensitivity in the presence of the second-order conditioned stimulus (CS) than
      rats receiving appropriate control procedures. Experiment 2 found that extinction
      of the first-order CS had no effect on established second-order conditioned
      analgesia. Experiment 3 evaluated the effects of post second-order conditioning
      pairings of morphine and the shock unconditioned stimulus (US). Rats receiving
      paired morphine-shock presentations showed significantly shorter response
      latencies during a hot-plate test of pain sensitivity in the presence of the
      second-order CS than did groups of rats receiving various control procedures;
      second-order analgesia was attenuated. These data extend the associative account
      of conditioned analgesia to second-order conditioning situations and are
      discussed in terms of the mediation of both first- and second-order analgesia by
      an association between the CS and a representation or expectancy of the US, which
      may directly activate endogenous pain inhibition systems.

PMID- 3701260
TI  - Retrospective coding in pigeons' delayed matching-to-sample.
AB  - In this study we examined how coding processes in pigeons' delayed matching-to
      sample were affected by the stimuli to be remembered. In Experiment 1, two groups
      of pigeons initially learned 0-delay matching-to-sample with identical comparison
      stimuli (vertical and horizontal lines) but with different sample stimuli (red
      and green hues or vertical and horizontal lines). Longer delays were then
      introduced between sample offset and comparison onset to assess whether pigeons
      were prospectively coding the same events (viz., the correct line comparisons) or
      retrospectively coding different events (viz., their respective sample stimuli).
      The hue-sample group matched more accurately and showed a slower rate of
      forgetting than the line-sample group. In Experiment 2, pigeons were trained with
      either hues or lines as both sample and comparison stimuli, or with hue samples
      and line comparisons or vice versa. Subsequent delay tests revealed that the hue
      sample groups remembered more accurately and generally showed slower rates of
      forgetting than the line-sample groups. Comparison dimension had little or no
      effect on performance. Together, these data suggest that pigeons retrospectively
      code the samples in delayed matching-to-sample.

PMID- 3701261
TI  - Schedule constraint on the average drink burst and the regulation of wheel
      running and drinking in rats.
AB  - Two experiments compared predictions of a molar-pattern model and a general molar
      behavior regulation model by requiring rats to wheel run for access to water. In
      both experiments schedule parameters constrained the baseline average burst
      length of drinking without constraining total drinking. Five levels of schedule
      constraint were imposed on time spent per drinking burst (Experiment 1) or the
      number of drinks per burst (Experiment 2). The results of both experiments
      supported the general molar behavior regulation view but not the molar-pattern
      model by showing no increase in total wheel running and no decrease in total
      drinking under schedule constraint. However, both experiments also showed local
      effects of drink burst constraint, including a direct relation between the degree
      of constraint and the local rate of drinking, and an approximation of the
      temporal distribution of baseline drinking under all degrees of schedule
      constraint. Most local changes support the view that rats defend the baseline
      temporal distribution of responding under schedule constraint, though some
      changes appear related to disruption of local response pattern characteristics.

PMID- 3701262
TI  - Fixed and variable ratios and delays: further tests of an equivalence rule.
AB  - A discrete-trial procedure was used to measure pigeons' choices between fixed and
      variable ratio schedules and between fixed and variable delays before
      reinforcement. A peck at a green key produced a reinforcement schedule that was
      constant within a condition but varied across conditions. A peck at a red key
      produced a ratio schedule (or, in other conditions, a simple delay) whose size
      was increased or decreased many times a session, depending on the subject's
      previous choices. The purpose of these adjustments was to estimate an
      indifference point--a ratio size (or delay duration) at which the subject chose
      each key about equally often. The results were used to test a simple "equivalence
      rule" for choices between fixed and variable schedules (Mazur, 1984). This rule,
      which was applied without using free parameters, predicted the major trends in
      the obtained indifference points from both ratio and delay conditions. However,
      some small but consistent deviations from the predictions were apparent. Better
      predictions were generated with a more complex equation, which included
      parameters reflecting the subjects' sensitivities to delay of reinforcement and
      to events of different probabilities. It was concluded that a successful
      equivalence rule must include parameters that can be adjusted to describe the
      effects of delay and probability in a given experimental setting. Once these
      parameters are estimated, however, choices involving both fixed and variable
      delays and fixed and variable ratios can be accurately predicted with the same
      equation.

PMID- 3701263
TI  - Control of fluid palatability by exteroceptive Pavlovian signals.
AB  - Tastes elicit a set of palatability-dependent orofacial and somatic responses in
      rats. We investigated whether discrete auditory conditioned stimuli that signal
      the availability or onset of unconditioned taste stimuli (sucrose, quinine) can
      control orofacial responses in the absence of those unconditioned stimuli. In
      Experiment 1, one auditory stimulus (CS+) was paired with the delivery of a
      sucrose solution to the magazine floor, and another auditory stimulus (CS-) was
      never followed by sucrose. Following conditioning, oral infusions of water that
      were preceded by the CS+ were found to elicit more ingestive (sucrose-typical)
      orofacial responses than did water alone or water preceded by the CS-. In
      Experiment 2, the conditioned ingestive reactions to a signal for sucrose
      observed in Experiment 1 again occurred, and conditioned aversive (quinine
      typical) orofacial responses occurred in response to water infusions preceded by
      a former signal for quinine. These data suggest that perceived palatability may
      be influenced by Pavlovian associations involving exteroceptive conditioned
      stimuli. Further, they illustrate the importance of supporting stimuli in
      modulating the effects of Pavlovian associations upon behavior.

PMID- 3701264
TI  - Categorical shape and color coding by pigeons.
AB  - Categorical coding is the tendency to respond similarly to discriminated stimuli.
      Past research indicates that pigeons can categorize colors according to at least
      three spectral regions. Two present experiments assessed the categorical coding
      of shapes and the existence of a higher order color category (all colors).
      Pigeons were trained on two independent tasks (matching-to-sample, and oddity
      from-sample). One task involved red and a plus sign, the other a circle and
      green. On test trials one of the two comparison stimuli from one task was
      replaced by one of the stimuli from the other task. Differential performance
      based on which of the two stimuli from the other task was introduced suggested
      categorical coding rules. In Experiment 1 evidence for the categorical coding of
      sample shapes was found. Categorical color coding was also found; however, it was
      the comparison stimuli rather than the samples that were categorically coded.
      Experiment 2 replicated the categorical shape sample effect and ruled out the
      possibility that the particular colors used were responsible for the categorical
      coding of comparison stimuli. Overall, the results indicate that pigeons can
      develop categorical rules involving shapes and colors and that the color
      categories can be hierarchical.

PMID- 3701265
TI  - Effects of contingency violations on the extinction of a conditioned fear
      inhibitor and a conditioned fear excitor.
AB  - Rats were used in a conditioned-suppression paradigm to assess the effects of
      contingency variations on responding to a conditioned inhibitor (CS-) and a
      conditioned excitor (CS+). In Experiment 1, various unconditioned stimulus (US)
      frequencies were equated across the presence and absence of a CS- in the context
      of either background cues (continuous-trial procedure) or an explicit neutral
      event (discrete-trial procedure). With both procedures, a CS-alone treatment
      enhanced inhibition, whereas treatments involving 50% or 100% reinforcement for
      the CS- eliminated inhibition without conditioning excitation to that CS. The
      latter outcome also occurred in Experiment 2, with discrete-trial training
      equating considerably reduced US frequencies for the presence and absence of the
      CS-. In further evidence that inhibition was eliminated without conditioning
      excitation to the CS-, Experiment 3 showed that a novel CS did not acquire
      excitation when 25%, 50%, or 100% reinforcement was equated across the presence
      and absence of that CS in the context of a discrete-trial event. Using the
      procedures of Experiment 1, Experiment 4 showed that a CS+ was extinguished by a
      CS-alone treatment but was substantially maintained by treatments involving 50%
      or 100% uncorrelated reinforcement. These effects for a CS+ and a CS- implicate
      CS-US contiguity, rather than contingency, as the factor determining the
      extinction of a CS.

PMID- 3701266
TI  - Drug interference with urine protein determination.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to detect the possibility of drug interference in
      the estimation of urine protein in patients receiving therapeutic doses of
      penicillin G, ampicillin, methicillin, cefoxitin, cefazolin, gentamicin, co
      trimoxazole, phenothiazines, glibenclamide and acetazolamide. Five different
      methods for urine protein determination were compared in these patients, when
      different amounts of albumin were added to urine in vitro, and in a control group
      of patients not treated with drugs known to interfere with these methods. The
      techniques included two semi-quantitative tests--a strip test (Albustix) and heat
      and acetic acid turbidity test; and three quantitative tests--sulphosalicylic
      acid test, trichloroacetic acid test and a test based on a formation of Ponceau S
      dye-protein complex (Urin-Pak). The only significant interference found was that
      of gentamicin with the Ponceau S dye test.

PMID- 3701268
TI  - Catalytic enzyme activity concentration in thoracic duct, liver, and intestinal
      lymph of the dog, the rabbit, the rat and the mouse. Approach to a quantitative
      diagnostic enzymology, II. Communication.
AB  - In the mixed body lymph of the thoracic duct and in the defined organ lymph of
      the liver and the intestine, the catalytic activity concentrations of up to
      sixteen enzymes and the concentrations of albumin and protein were determined, as
      well as the transport rate of these substances and their lymph/plasma ratio.
      Thoracic duct lymph specimens were obtained from an extracorporeal lymph shunt in
      anaesthetized and conscious dogs and from short-term fistulas in anaesthetized
      rabbits, rats and mice. Additionally, rabbits and rats underwent passive motion
      of the hind limbs in another experimental trial. Thoracic duct flow in
      anaesthetized dogs is only half that seen in conscious dogs, due to bypassed
      muscular lymph. A similar flow change is seen during passive motion of hind limbs
      in anaesthetized rabbits and rats. From a literature review of flow in the four
      main lymphatics of the body, it is concluded that the thoracic duct flow should
      account for 50-70% of total body lymph flow. In the anaesthetized state, flow is
      mainly of visceral origin. In the conscious state and during passive motion the
      increased flow is of muscular origin. In the latter case, the catalytic
      activities of enzymes like lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, creatine
      kinase, aldolase and phosphohexose isomerase, increase in lymph as does their
      lymph/plasma ratio. These enzymes have high catalytic activities in muscle. Their
      transport into the blood increases 2-3-fold, due to a doubling of lymph flow.
      Reported data for anaesthetized and immobile animals therefore far underestimate
      the significance of thoracic duct enzyme transport. Liver lymph was obtained from
      anaesthetized dogs and rabbits. Our finding that lymph catalytic activity for
      several enzymes is higher than in plasma is not compatible with the proposed
      delivery of plasma proteins directly into the sinusoidal space without prior
      mixing with the Space of Disse. Enzymes in liver lymph should derive from
      parenchymal and endothelial lining cells. Their site of delivery from the
      hepatocyte seems different from that of proteins. Liver lymph is an important
      transport route of enzymes into the blood. Intestinal lymph was sampled from
      anaesthetized dogs, rabbits and rats. It was shown that most enzymes from the
      intestine are primarily released into the interstitial space and from there are
      transported via the lymph into the blood.

PMID- 3701267
TI  - Catalytic enzyme activity concentration in plasma of man, sheep, dog, cat,
      rabbit, guinea pig, rat and mouse. Approach to a quantitative diagnostic
      enzymology, I. Communication.
AB  - For the most convenient laboratory animals in experimental medicine such as the
      sheep, dog, cat, rabbit, guinea pig, rat and mouse, the catalytic concentrations
      of seventeen enzymes and the protein and albumin concentrations in plasma were
      determined. The corresponding data for man were taken from the literature. The
      experimental conditions were selected so as to minimize the influence on
      catalytic activity, variance and statistical distribution pattern of such factors
      as handling procedures, the choice of blood drawing technique, the choice of
      anaesthetic agent for distinct species and the preparation procedure of plasma
      from the blood specimen. Because these considerations have been largely neglected
      to date in experimental enzymology, normal values for most enzymes require
      revision and were in some instances established for the first time in certain
      species. Our use of assay conditions, which were identical for all animal
      species, satisfies current requirements in clinical chemistry with respect to
      standardization and optimization of enzyme catalytic activity concentration
      measurement, and allowed comparison of these enzymes. The catalytic activities
      established this way will be the basis for a later comparative study of their
      kinetics of adjustment in plasma.

PMID- 3701269
TI  - Enzyme release from the perfused rat heart. The functions of the cytoskeleton
      under cell-pathological conditions.
AB  - The mechanism of enzyme release from Langendorff-perfused rat hearts was studied
      under the injury conditions of the Ca2+ paradox and 2,4-dinitrophenol poisoning.
      During perfusion with Krebs-Ringer buffer or in buffered sucrose sarcoplasmic
      enzymes were massively released when Ca2+ was reintroduced to the perfusion
      medium (Ca2+ paradox). Mitochondrial matrix enzymes were released to a very small
      extent. Only the cytoplasmic isoenzyme of the bilocular enzyme malate
      dehydrogenase was released. The release kinetics of various enzymes with greatly
      differing molecular weights showed no significant differences. Qualitatively the
      same results were obtained under 2,4-dinitrophenol poisoned conditions in Ca2+ 
      free sucrose media. Sarcoplasmic enzymes were massively released, mitochondrial
      enzymes did not appear in the perfusate. 2,4-Dinitrophenol poisoning alone was
      not sufficient to cause enzyme release. An additional swelling under these
      conditions was necessary. ATP from the extracellular space was able to enhance
      the enzyme release, which was brought about by 2,4-dinitrophenol and cell
      swelling. A hypothesis is presented that enzyme release is produced by initiating
      a membrane blebbing process. An elevated intracellular Ca2+ concentration is a
      necessary prerequisite. In the presence of ATP, active membrane blebbing is
      caused by contractions of the membrane-anchored cytoskeleton. In the absence of
      ATP passive membrane blebbing is induced by cell swelling, provided that the
      cytoskeleton has been crosslinked by Ca2+.

PMID- 3701270
TI  - Catalytic enzyme activity concentration in tissues of man, dog, rabbit, guinea
      pig, rat and mouse. Approach to a quantitative diagnostic enzymology, III.
      Communication.
AB  - The catalytic activity of up to fifteen enzymes was investigated in the liver,
      heart, skeletal muscle, kidney (medulla, cortex), brain, lung, duodenum, spleen
      and pancreas from man and animals. Human specimens were obtained from autopsies
      and immediately post-mortem from dogs, rabbits, guinea pigs, rats and mice. The
      differences between our results and previous reports of considerably lower
      activities for structural enzymes (e.g. creatine kinase) and for enzymes partly
      of mitochondrial origin (e.g. glutamate dehydrogenase, aspartate
      aminotransferase, malate dehydrogenase), is attributed to our use of a detergent
      extraction technique. The superiority of the detergent technique with regard to
      enzyme yield is exemplified by a comparison of various methods of extraction in
      rat liver, heart and skeletal muscle. Use of standardized assays allows a
      qualitative inter-species comparison of results. The influence of autolysis on
      catalytic activity of human autopsies is considered of minor importance.

PMID- 3701271
TI  - Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and plasma proteins, chemiluminescence response and
      protein contents of polymorphonuclear leukocytes from blood and lavage fluid in
      traumatized patients.
AB  - The technique of bronchoalveolar lavage was used to obtain serial samples of
      lavage every two days from non-contused lung areas of seven traumatized patients
      and four normals; blood was drawn simultaneously. Urea, total protein, albumin,
      alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor, alpha 2-macroglobulin, lactate dehydrogenase, beta
      N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, myeloperoxidase, and elastase enzyme activity, as well
      as complexed and total elastase concentrations were determined in bronchoalveolar
      lavage fluids and plasma samples. Lavage fluid cell pattern was counted.
      Polymorphonuclear leukocytes were isolated from lavage fluids and blood samples.
      Granulocyte contents of elastase enzyme activity, complexed and total elastase
      concentrations, and myeloperoxidase and lactate dehydrogenase activity were
      determined. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte stimulatory functions were measured by
      luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence. The following results were obtained for the
      patient group: Patterns of lavage fluid cells were shifted in favour of
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes and lymphocytes. The protein determinations of
      bronchoalveolar lavage fluids and plasma samples gave information about the
      extent of alterations of permeability of the capillary-interstitial-alveolar
      space (albumin/urea and alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor/urea ratios) as well as
      about the amounts of cytoplasmic and lysosomal enzymes released by phagocytes
      (lactate dehydrogenase/urea, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase/urea, elastase/urea
      ratios). Polymorphonuclear leukocytes isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluids
      contained a decreased content of myeloperoxidase and elastase enzyme activities
      and total elastase concentration; the content of complexed elastase was found to
      be increased more than 100 fold. From chemiluminescence measurements there was
      evidence for decreased zymosan-induced stimulatory function, while the photon
      emission rate of polymorphonuclear leukocytes after passage into the alveolar
      space was increased.

PMID- 3701272
TI  - Ascorbate interference in the estimation of urinary glucose by test strips.
AB  - Currently used test strip methods for the detection of glucose in urine are
      influenced by ascorbate and may thus give false negative results, e.g. in
      screening for diabetes. Six different test strips for urine glucose were
      evaluated for interference by ascorbate in vitro. Interference by ascorbate
      varied markedly, being highest at low glucose concentrations. Interference
      coefficients for the individual tests were calculated to serve as an approximate
      index of interference by ascorbate. A new test (BM 33.071, Boehringer Mannheim
      GmbH, currently used in Combur-9-Test/Chemstrip-9 and other multiple test strips
      of Boehringer Mannheim) was clearly much less influenced as no urine containing
      5.5 mmol/l glucose was read as negative even at very high ascorbate
      concentration. Readability of test strips differed due to patchy colour
      reactions. Precision was good within-test strip and within-urine but markedly
      less between urines.

PMID- 3701273
TI  - The use of reversed phase cartridges (C18) in processing plasma for analysis of
      indomethacin by high performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - The purpose of these studies was to develop a high performance liquid
      chromatographic (HPLC) assay for plasma levels of indomethacin. A reversed phase
      (C18 Sep-Pak) cartridge was used to process plasma for absorption of
      indomethacin, the internal standard, and impurities. The recovery of plasma
      indomethacin and the added internal standard was quantitative from 0.5 ml of
      plasma. The assay was linear from 50 micrograms/l to 10 mg/l without
      concentration of the effluent from the Sep-Pak cartridge. The intra-assay
      coefficients of variation, for ten injections each to calibrate points at 0.15,
      0.30, 0.50 and 1.00 mg/l, were 8.15%, 6.29%, 5.47% and 5.39%, respectively and
      for duplicates of duplicate calibration points were 7.51%, 6.32%, 4.41%, and
      2.05%, respectively. The inter-assay coefficients of variation were 8.49%, 6.48%,
      5.10%, and 2.22%, respectively. The sensitivity of the assay can be increased by
      a 3-5 fold concentration of the effluent from the Sep-Pak and preliminary
      experiments have indicated that as little as 100 microliter of starting plasma
      can be utilized in the assay. The assay can be used to determine the
      concentration of indomethacin in small volumes of plasma. Since C18 Sep-Pak
      cartridges were employed to remove contaminating substances, sensitivity and
      reproducibility were both high while column longevity and efficiency were
      excellent.

PMID- 3701274
TI  - Pediatric reference values for calcium, magnesium and inorganic phosphorus in
      serum obtained from Bhattacharya plots for data from unselected patients.
AB  - Pediatric reference values for total calcium, magnesium and inorganic phosphorus
      are given. The values were determined by using Bhattacharya plots for unselected
      data. The reference values for calcium (from 8320 values from patients) and
      magnesium (from 1231 values from patients) show only minor dependence on age.
      Reference values for ages up to 20 years for calcium were 2.14-2.64 mmol/l and
      for magnesium 0.57-1.12 mmol/l. However, for inorganic phosphorus (3349 values
      from patients) a gradual decrease in concentration occurred throughout childhood
      from 1.56-2.29 mmol/l (less than 1 year) to 1.03-1.78 mmol/l (greater than 15
      years).

PMID- 3701276
TI  - Conference of the German Society for Clinical Chemistry. Mechanisms and control
      of pH homeostasis. Titisee/Black Forest, Germany, May 12-13, 1986.

PMID- 3701275
TI  - An optimized micromethod for determining the catalytic activity of serum
      ribonuclease.
AB  - An optimized assay is described for the catalytic activity determination of serum
      ribonuclease, using polycytidylic acid as substrate and measuring the released
      acid-soluble ultra-violet absorbing products. Recommended final reaction
      concentrations are 0.3 mmol/l polycytidylic acid, 200 mmol/l imidazole/HCl
      buffer, pH 7.0, and 50 mmol/l NaCl. Optimal concentrations for the precipitation
      procedure, guaranteeing sufficient precipitation and minimal decomposition of
      unreacted substrate, are 160 mmol/l perchloric acid and 4 mmol/l lanthanum
      nitrate. Coefficients of variation for the method (within series and between
      days) ranged from 2.2 to 7.9%. No sex-related differences of catalytic activity
      were observed. In 63 blood donors with normal values of serum creatinine, the
      upper limit of the reference intervals (99th percentile) was 33.7 kU/l.

PMID- 3701277
TI  - Toward increased patient autonomy and choice of terminal care options.

PMID- 3701278
TI  - Breast feeding and jaundice.

PMID- 3701279
TI  - Somatization and alexithymia.

PMID- 3701280
TI  - Noise-induced hearing loss: a preventable occupational disease.

PMID- 3701281
TI  - A critical review of adult health maintenance. Part 2. Prevention of infectious
      diseases.

PMID- 3701282
TI  - Utilization by family physicians of support services for elderly patients.
AB  - Some elucidation of the functioning of the primary care physician in the role as
      gatekeeper to health and social services for elderly patients is provided by a
      survey of family practice preceptors. Analysis of knowledge and utilization
      patterns of 37 types of services by 38 family physicians revealed high
      utilization of most health services, but there were some gaps for respite, meal
      site, alert system, and insurance counseling programs. The recommendations of
      respondents for increasing knowledge and referral coordination could facilitate
      the access of elderly patients to the needed services.

PMID- 3701283
TI  - Advance directives in family practice.
AB  - Advance directives have emerged in medicine as an important method by which
      patients can express future treatment wishes. The major reasons medical
      professionals have been reluctant to use advance directives are not because of
      theoretical defects with advance directives, but because of procedural
      difficulties. Confusion over types of advance directives and their legal status
      will ease with increased knowledge of advance directives by health professionals.
      Additionally, that they are often formulated in ambiguous terms and under
      situations where the patient's competence is in question can be minimized. More
      widespread and effective use of advance directives will occur if the family
      physician takes an active role in identifying patients for whom an advance
      directive would be desirable, effectively communicating information about advance
      directives, advising their patients about the most effective way to state their
      directive in medically precise terminology, and explaining when necessary the
      patient's wishes to other medical specialists and family members.

PMID- 3701284
TI  - Family practice and internal medicine clinical judgment in a university setting.
AB  - There were no significant differences between family practice and internal
      medicine residents in the proportion of total diagnoses that were reasonable (72
      percent and 77 percent, respectively) and unreasonable (14 percent and 15
      percent, respectively) or average number of consultations requested per
      examination (.15 and .16, respectively). There was a significant difference
      between the two types of physicians in the average number of laboratory tests
      requested per examination (1.42 per family practice and 1.88 per internal
      medicine) and average number of x-ray examinations requested per examination
      (0.35 for family practice and 1.02 for internal medicine). The average length of
      examination for internal medicine tended to be longer than for family practice.
      Although generalizability of this study is limited, the results suggest that
      there may be important differences in the practice patterns of family practice
      and internal medicine with implications for training programs.

PMID- 3701285
TI  - Imported malaria: problems with diagnosis and prevention.

PMID- 3701286
TI  - Ethical aspects of the physician surplus: implications for family practice.
AB  - Higher costs, increasing technology, and more physicians are the three
      predominant influences facing medicine today. These three forces in turn present
      three groups of ethical issues for physicians: competition and changed fiscal
      incentives, effects of organized practice on autonomy and confidentiality, and
      the problems of the interface between primary and consultant physicians. Family
      physicians must learn to adapt their practices in ethical ways to the rapid
      changes that are occurring. Thoughtful insight is essential to the process.

PMID- 3701287
TI  - Obesity--a killer disease?

PMID- 3701288
TI  - Physicians' attitudes toward the uses of computers in office practice.

PMID- 3701289
TI  - Family medicine in Latin America.

PMID- 3701290
TI  - Development of pronuclei from human spermatozoa injected microsurgically into
      frog (Xenopus) eggs.
AB  - Human spermatozoa were demembranated with Triton X-100 (TX) and injected into the
      mature eggs of Xenopus laevis. The nuclei of these spermatozoa decondensed and
      developed into pronuclei. Chromosomes did not appear in the eggs until the end of
      a 5-hr incubation period. When the demembranated human spermatozoa were further
      treated with dithiothreitol (DTT) before they were injected into the eggs, the
      sperm nuclear decondensation and pronuclear development took place considerably
      faster than in spermatozoa treated with the detergent alone. By the end of the 5
      hr incubation period, decondensed chromatin threads or chromosome-like structures
      appeared, but none of the eggs cleaved. When human spermatozoa were injected into
      full-grown ovarian oocytes with intact germinal vesicle (GV) or oocytes which had
      matured without GV, the nuclei of a proportion of TX-treated and all TX-DTT
      treated sperm decondensed but showed no sign of developing into pronuclei. Sperm
      nuclei injected into maturing oocytes formed condensed chromatin fragments as
      long as the oocytes were not activated, but they transformed into pronuclei when
      the oocytes were stimulated with electric shock. These results indicate that the
      cytoplasmic factors responsible for the decondensation of human sperm nuclei are
      present in egg cytoplasm independent of GV-materials. We also suggest that the
      factors controlling development of decondensed sperm nuclei into pronuclei are
      dependent on GV materials.

PMID- 3701291
TI  - Reprograming of murine blastocoele formation.
AB  - The present study shows that there is communication between reaggregated
      asynchronous cleavage stage blastomeres that regulates blastocoele formation.
      Individual blastomeres from eight-cell murine embryos were transferred to empty
      zonae pellucidae, intact two-cell embryos, or enucleated two-cell embryos, and
      were examined over a period of 75 hours for development of cavitation. It was
      found that the isolated blastomeres cavitated concurrently with intact control
      eight-cell embryos, while intact control two-cell embryos cavitated 24 hours
      later. However, the embryos resulting from combining a two-cell embryo and a
      blastomere from an eight-cell embryo cavitated at a time in between the eight-
      and two-cell controls.

PMID- 3701292
TI  - Capacitated, acrosome reacted but immotile sperm, when microinjected under the
      mouse zona pellucida, will not fertilize the oocyte.
AB  - We have devised a procedure for mechanically inserting intact, acrosome reacted
      spermatozoa under the mouse zona pellucida, and have examined the ability of
      sperm so inserted to fertilize the mouse oocyte. Sperm immobilized by a variety
      of different methods are unable to fertilize the egg, despite the fact that
      electron microscopy confirms that they are acrosome reacted. Control experiments
      show that the oocytes are capable of being fertilized by motile sperm after the
      microinjection procedure, and that the immobilized sperm are able to form male
      pronuclei after injection directly into the ctyoplasm. These results indicate
      that in addition to its importance for penetration of egg investments, sperm
      motility is required for fusion of the gametes. Alternatively, the findings
      suggest that the enzymatic machinery required for sperm motility is very similar
      to that utilized for gamete fusion, and that destruction of one is likely to lead
      to inactivation of the other.

PMID- 3701293
TI  - Labelling of living mammalian spermatozoa with the fluorescent thiol alkylating
      agent, monobromobimane (MB): immobilization upon exposure to ultraviolet light
      and analysis of acrosomal status.
AB  - Living spermatozoa of seven mammalian species were treated with the thiol
      alkylating fluorescent labelling compound, monobromobimane (MBBR). MB-labelling
      alone had no effect on sperm motility, nor on the time course or ability of
      golden hamster spermatozoa to undergo the acrosome reaction when capacitated in
      vitro. Exposure of MB-labelled spermatozoa to ultraviolet (UV) light and
      excitation of the MB fluorochrome resulted in virtually immediate immobilization
      of the spermatozoa without affecting acrosomal status. UV exposure of unlabelled
      spermatozoa for up to 30 sec had no effect upon motility. Immobilization of MB
      labelled spermatozoa depended on the midpiece being irradiated, as irradiation of
      the head alone, or of the more distal parts of the principal piece, had little or
      no effect upon motility. Labelling with MB followed by immobilization of
      individually selected spermatozoa was most useful for detailing the course and
      site of occurrence of the acrosome reaction during penetration of the cumulus
      oophorus by golden hamster spermatozoa in vitro. In these often hyperactivated
      spermatozoa, precise determination of the acrosomal status could not often
      otherwise be made due to the difficulty in visualizing the acrosomal region of a
      vigorously thrashing, hyperactivated spermatozoon. This technique should prove
      valuable in a variety of studies on sperm motility, capacitation and
      fertilization, and could also be extended to other cell systems.

PMID- 3701294
TI  - Normal development of hamster and rabbit eggs fertilized by spermatozoa labelled
      with the fluorescent thiol alkylating agent, monobromobimane.
AB  - Cauda epididymal spermatozoa of the golden hamster were labelled with the thiol
      alkylating reagent, monobromobimane (MB). Female hamsters underwent uterine
      insemination with labelled spermatozoa at laparotomy under metofane anesthesia.
      All 12 females examined between 5 and 54 h postinsemination yielded a total of
      83/100 (83%) eggs in the process of fertilization or embryos. Under ultraviolet
      (UV) exposure all exhibited a fluorescent tail which, in the 4- and 8-cell
      embryos, could be seen to be fraying or disintegrating. As cleavage progressed,
      labelled tail components came to be restricted among the blastomeres such that at
      the 4- and 8-cell stage the tail could be seen in only one to three blastomeres.
      To study complete development and pregnancy another 12 females received uterine
      insemination. After recovery from anesthesia (approximately equal to 4 h) these
      females were mated with a vasectomized male bearing a dominant genetic marker
      (black eyes) to allow unequivocal determination of paternity in the fetuses and
      young produced. Seven became pregnant with one female losing her pregnancy about
      Day 7 of gestation. Two females sacrificed on Day 13 produced 17 normal fetuses
      and one resorption. Four females delivered 16 young, all normal at birth and in
      subsequent growth and fertility. In addition, insemination of female rabbits with
      MB-labelled spermatozoa yielded normal embryos (50/52 96%) from 3 does on Day 2
      and (38/64 60%) from 4 does on Days 4 or 5. Two normal litters (9 bunnies) have
      delivered from 3 does allowed to carry to term.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3701295
TI  - Cortical granule exocytosis is coupled with membrane retrieval in the egg of
      Brachydanio.
AB  - Activation of the teleost (Brachydanio) fish egg includes the exocytosis of
      cortical granules, the construction of a mosaic surface consisting of the
      unfertilized egg plasma membrane and the limiting membranes of the cortical
      granules, and the appearance of coated and smooth vesicles in the cytoplasm
      (Donovan and Hart, '82). Unfertilized and activated eggs were incubated in
      selected extracellular tracers to (1) determine experimentally if cortical
      granule exocytosis was coupled with the endocytosis of membrane during the
      cortical reaction, and (2) establish the intracellular pathway(s) by which
      internalized vesicles were processed. Unfertilized eggs incubated in
      dechlorinated tap water or Fish Ringer's solution containing either horseradish
      peroxidase (HRP; 10 mg/ml), native ferritin (12.5 mg/ml), or cationized ferritin
      (12.5 mg/ml) were activated as judged by cortical granule breakdown and elevation
      of the chorion. Cells treated with HRP and native ferritin exhibited a delay in
      cortical granule exocytosis when compared with water-activated eggs lacking the
      tracer. Each tracer was internalized through the formation of a coated vesicle
      from a coated pit. Since coated pits appeared to be topographically restricted to
      the perigranular membrane domain of the mosaic egg surface, their labeling,
      particularly with cationized ferritin, strongly suggested that the retrieved
      membrane was of cortical granule origin. Cationized ferritin and concanavalin A
      (Con A) coupled with either hemocyanin or ferritin labeled the surface of the
      unactivated egg and both domains of the mosaic egg surface. Transformation of the
      deep evacuated cortical granule crypt into later profiles of exocytosis was
      accompanied by increased Con A binding. Within activated egg cortices, HRP
      reaction product, native ferritin, and cationized ferritin were routinely
      localized in smooth vesicles, multivesicular bodies, and autophagic vacuoles.
      Occasionally, each tracer was found in small coated vesicles adjacent to the
      Golgi and within Golgi cisternae. The intracellular distribution of HRP, native
      ferritin, and cationized ferritin suggests that internalized membrane is
      primarily processed by organelles of the lysosomal compartment. A second and less
      significant pathway is the Golgi complex.

PMID- 3701296
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of postdiscogram discitis and osteomyelitis in the
      lumbar spine: case report.

PMID- 3701297
TI  - Destruction and reorganization of the receptor membrane in labellar chemosensory
      cells of the blowfly. Long-lasting latent action of colchicine.
AB  - Electron micrographs of sections of the labellar chemosensilla of the blowfly,
      Phormia regina, showed that treatment with sodium deoxycholate (DOC; 7.2 mM for 2
      min) destroyed the distal processes of the receptors from up to 10 microns from
      the tip of the sensillum, but these processes regenerated almost completely
      within 0.5 h. However, when DOC treatment was preceded by colchicine treatment
      (25 mM for 2 min), greater than 10 h was required for complete regeneration.
      Sugar receptor responses supported these findings and disclosed a more detailed
      time course of regeneration after DOC treatment: without colchicine pretreatment,
      the destroyed distal process completely regenerated in 0.3-1.0 h, but with
      pretreatment, regeneration began at 3 h and reached the chemosensillar tip at 8 h
      at the earliest. Hardly any depression of the response was observed for 8 h after
      treatment with colchicine alone, but a transient depression was detected at 12 h.
      Based on these results, the role of microtubules in the maintenance of the
      receptor membrane is discussed.

PMID- 3701298
TI  - Catecholamine-induced transport systems in trout erythrocyte. Na+/H+
      countertransport or NaCl cotransport?
AB  - It has previously been shown (Baroin, A., F. Garcia-Romeu, T. Lamarre, and R.
      Motais. 1984a, b. Journal of Physiology. 350:137, 356:21; Mahe, Y., F. Garcia
      Romeu, and R. Motais. 1985. European Journal of Pharmacology. 116:199) that the
      addition of catecholamines to an isotonic suspension of nucleated red blood cells
      of the rainbow trout first stimulates a cAMP-dependent, amiloride-sensitive
      Na+/H+ exchange. This stimulation seems to be transient. It is followed by a more
      permanent activation of a coupled entry of Na+ and Cl-, which is inhibited by
      amiloride but also by inhibitors of band 3 protein (DIDS, furosemide, niflumic
      acid). The coupled entry of Na+ and Cl- could therefore result from the parallel
      and simultaneous exchange of Na+out for H+in (via the cAMP-dependent Na+/H+
      antiporter) and Cl- out for HCO3- in (via the anion exchange system located in
      band 3 protein). However, in view of the following arguments, it had been
      proposed that NaCl uptake does not proceed by the double-exchanger system but via
      an NaCl cotransport: (a) Na+ entry requires Cl- as anion (in NO3- medium, the Na
      uptake is strongly inhibited, whereas NO3- is an extremely effective substitute
      for Cl- in the anion exchange system); (b) Na uptake is not significantly
      affected by the presence of HCO3- in the suspension medium despite the fact that
      in red cells, Cl-/HCO3- exchange occurs more readily than the exchanges of Cl-
      for basic equivalents in a theoretically CO2-free medium (the so-called Cl-/OH-
      exchanges). The purpose of the present paper was a reassessment of the two models
      by using monensin, an ionophore allowing Na+/H+ exchange. From this study, it
      appears that NaCl entry results from the simultaneous functioning of the Na+/H+
      antiporter and the anion exchange system. The apparent Cl dependence is explained
      by the fact that, in these erythrocytes, NO3- clearly inhibits the turnover rate
      of the Na+/H+ antiporter. As Na+/H+ exchange is the driving component in the salt
      uptake process, this inhibition explains the Cl requirement for Na entry. The
      lack of stimulation of cell swelling by bicarbonate is explained by the fact that
      the rate of anion exchange in a CO2-free medium (Cl-/OH- exchange) is roughly
      equivalent to that of Na+/H+ exchange and thus in practice is not limiting to the
      net influx of NaCl through the two exchangers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3701300
TI  - Measles virus RNA detected in Paget's disease bone tissue by in situ
      hybridization.
AB  - Morphological and immunocytological studies have demonstrated the presence of
      paramyxovirus antigens in Paget's bone disease tissue and in particular antigens
      related to measles virus and respiratory syncytial virus. To examine the
      relationship between measles virus and Paget's bone disease we used in situ
      hybridization and a cloned measles virus DNA probe specific for the nucleocapsid
      protein to detect and locate measles virus RNA sequences in Paget's bone tissue.
      In five patients with the disease, measles virus RNA sequences were detected not
      only in 80 to 90% of the multinucleated osteoclasts where there is morphological
      and immunocytological evidence of measles virus activity but also in 30 to 40% of
      mononucleated bone cells, mainly osteoblasts, osteocytes, fibroblasts and lympho
      monocytes. In contrast, no hybridization was observed in bone tissue from three
      control patients without signs of Paget's bone disease. These results indicate
      that the host cell range for measles virus in Paget's disease is more widespread
      than has been supposed. They also demonstrate the usefulness of the in situ
      hybridization method to detect viral genetic information in cells where viral
      antigenic activity is not detectable. These observations further support the
      hypothesis that measles virus is involved in the pathogenesis of Paget's bone
      disease.

PMID- 3701299
TI  - Ionic conductance pathways in the mouse medullary thick ascending limb of Henle.
      The paracellular pathway and electrogenic Cl- absorption.
AB  - Net Cl- absorption in the mouse medullary thick ascending limb of Henle (mTALH)
      involves a furosemide-sensitive Na+:K+:2 Cl- apical membrane symport mechanism
      for salt entry into cells, which occurs in parallel with a Ba++-sensitive apical
      K+ conductance. The present studies, using the in vitro microperfused mouse
      mTALH, assessed the concentration dependence of blockade of this apical membrane
      K+-conductive pathway by Ba++ to provide estimates of the magnitudes of the
      transcellular (Gc) and paracellular (Gs) electrical conductances (millisiemens
      per square centimeter). These studies also evaluated the effects of luminal
      hypertonicity produced by urea on the paracellular electrical conductance, the
      electrical Na+/Cl- permselectivity ratio, and the morphology of in vitro mTALH
      segments exposed to peritubular antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Increasing luminal
      Ba++ concentrations, in the absence of luminal K+, produced a progressive
      reduction in the transcellular conductance that was maximal at 20 mM Ba++. The
      Ba++-sensitive transcellular conductance in the presence of ADH was 61.8 +/- 1.7
      mS/cm2, or approximately 65% of the total transepithelial conductance. In
      phenomenological terms, the luminal Ba++-dependent blockade of the transcellular
      conductance exhibited negative cooperativity. The transepithelial osmotic
      gradient produced by luminal urea produced blebs on apical surfaces, a striking
      increase in shunt conductance, and a decrease in the shunt Na+/Cl-
      permselectivity (PNa/PCl), which approached that of free solution. The
      transepithelial conductance obtained with luminal 800 mM urea, 20 mM Ba++, and 0
      K+ was 950 +/- 150 mS/cm2 and provided an estimate of the maximal diffusion
      resistance of intercellular spaces, exclusive of junctional complexes. The
      calculated range for junctional dilution voltages owing to interspace salt
      accumulation during ADH-dependent net NaCl absorption was 0.7-1.1 mV. Since the
      Ve accompanying ADH-dependent net NaCl absorption is 10 mV, lumen positive,
      virtually all of the spontaneous transepithelial voltage in the mouse mTALH is
      due to transcellular transport processes. Finally, we developed a series of
      expressions in which the ratio of net Cl- absorption to paracellular Na+
      absorption could be expressed in terms of a series of electrical variables.
      Specifically, an analysis of paired measurement of PNa/PCl and Gs was in
      agreement with an electroneutral Na+:K+:2 Cl- apical entry step. Thus, for net
      NaCl absorption, approximately 50% of Na+ was absorbed via a paracellular route.

PMID- 3701302
TI  - Detection by ELISA of immunoglobulin G subclass-specific antibody responses in
      rotavirus infections in children.
AB  - IgG subclass-specific antibody responses to a human subgroup 2 rotavirus were
      studied in 26 children by ELISA by use of monoclonal antibodies specific to the
      four human IgG subclasses. One hundred twenty-nine serum samples were obtained
      before, during, and after an episode of rotavirus-induced diarrhoea in these
      patients. When these sera were investigated, an increase in IgG1 and IgG3
      subclass-specific antibodies was detected in all 26 patients. IgG3 antibodies
      reached a peak concentration 1 week after rotavirus was detected in faecal
      samples and then progressively declined over the following months, whereas the
      peak concentration of IgG1 subclass antibodies was found 2 months later and
      seemed to persist thereafter. IgG2 rotavirus-specific subclass antibodies were
      never found and IgG4 subclass antibodies were detected only in sera from seven of
      the 26 patients.

PMID- 3701301
TI  - Diagnostic significance of anti-HBc IgM (RIA) in healthy HBsAg carriers and in
      chronic hepatitis B.
AB  - The diagnostic significance of IgM antibody against hepatitis B core antigen
      (anti-HBc) in healthy hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers and in
      subjects affected by chronic hepatitis B was evaluated. IgM anti-HBc was sought
      and found in all nine patients examined who were affected by acute HBsAg-positive
      hepatitis. It was also detected in 2 out of 18 patients with HBsAg-positive
      chronic persistent hepatitis and in 12 out of 42 patients affected by HBsAg
      positive chronic active hepatitis. The absence of this marker was noted in all 26
      HBsAg healthy carriers and in the subjects with HBsAg-positive cirrhosis. No
      relationship was found between the presence of IgM anti-HBc and the degree of
      inflammatory activity in the patients with HBsAg-positive chronic active
      hepatitis. A correlation was not found between the presence of IgM anti-HBc and
      the presence of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) in the same patients. These data
      show that the absence of IgM anti-HBc may be useful in identifying healthy
      carriers of HBsAg. The presence of this antibody may be a suitable indication of
      acute HBsAg-positive hepatitis. In patients with chronic active hepatitis B the
      presence of IgM anti-HBc cannot be used as diagnostic tool in predicting the
      severity of liver disease.

PMID- 3701303
TI  - Different immune responses after intradermal and intramuscular administration of
      vaccine against tick-borne encephalitis virus.
AB  - A single multisite intradermal (ID) administration of the same dose used for
      regular intramuscular (IM) immunisation with vaccine against tick-borne
      encephalitis virus (TBEV) resulted in seroconversion of all vaccinees within
      three weeks: with the regular IM schedule, two vaccinations were necessary for
      all vaccinees to seroconvert. After the first ID vaccination, antibodies of the
      IgM class against TBEV (anti-TBEV-IgM) were observed in all vaccinees; after the
      first IM vaccination, only three out of nine vaccinees showed an IgM response.
      The geometric mean titer (GMT) of anti-TBEV-IgM in seropositives was 5-20-fold
      higher in the ID group and similar to that after natural infection. The GMT of
      antibodies of the IgG class against TBEV (anti-TBEV-IgG) was also higher in the
      ID group but with a less marked difference. Hemagglutination-inhibiting (HI)
      antibodies appeared earlier and persisted longer after one or two ID injections;
      after a third vaccination, HI antibody levels were similar in both groups. Side
      effects after ID vaccination were limited to local reactions. These results
      indicate that follow-up injections may be omitted or at least reduced after ID
      administration of the vaccine dose usually used for IM vaccination schedules.
      However, additional studies in larger groups of vaccinees are necessary before ID
      vaccination can be recommended for general use.

PMID- 3701304
TI  - Serum HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBe, and hepatitis B viral DNA in asymptomatic carriers
      in Taiwan.
AB  - Plasma samples from 89 asymptomatic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive
      volunteer blood donors were titrated for HBsAg by radioimmunoassay using the
      parallel line method. HBsAg titers ranged widely from 0.01 to 325 micrograms/ml.
      The titers correlated well with hepatitis B viral DNA (HBV DNA) and hepatitis B e
      antigen (HBeAg) in the serum. The HBsAg titers in 55 HBV DNA positive carriers
      were 90.7 +/- 61.7 micrograms/ml (Mean +/- SD) vs. 6.3 +/- 12.2 micrograms/ml in
      the 34 carriers without HBV DNA in the serum. The titers were 93.9 +/- 59.1
      micrograms/ml in 56 carriers with HBeAg, 6.4 +/- 10.1 micrograms/ml in 24 anti
      HBe-positive carriers, and 4.9 +/- 4.6 micrograms/ml in 9 HBeAg/anti-HBe-negative
      carriers. 50 (89.3%) of the 56 HBeAg-positive carriers had HBV DNA, in contrast
      to four (16.7%) of 24 anti-HBe-positive carriers. The study indicated that high
      titered HBsAg carriers were much more likely to be infectious, and confirmed that
      HBeAg is a practical marker of infectivity. Absence of HBeAg, however, did not
      exclude infectivity in asymptomatic HBsAg carriers, inasmuch as one-sixth of the
      carriers had HBV DNA.

PMID- 3701305
TI  - Development of responsiveness to conspecific scent in house mice: effects of
      preweaning and postweaning experiences.
AB  - Responses to male conspecific odors (soiled bedding) presented in an alleyway
      were compared among five groups of adult male albino house mice with different
      rearing histories. Both isolated mice that had as pups been fostered onto a rat
      mother and normally nursed mice that had been group housed since weaning showed
      reduced attraction to conspecific odor. Preweaning paternal presence, a factor
      known to affect the development of response to male conspecific scent in rats and
      gerbils, had no reliable effect with mice.

PMID- 3701306
TI  - Facilitation in letter detection with sequentially presented homophonic strings.
AB  - A consistent phonology between sequentially presented pseudoword quadrigrams was
      found to improve performance in a letter-detection task. Each of 8 subjects was
      required to judge whether an M appeared in either the initial or terminal
      position of letter strings. The letter N was used as a foil. For each
      presentation, two quadrigrams appeared sequentially, the first for 20 ms and the
      second for a duration that allowed approximately 75% overall accuracy. The
      strings differed only by the letter next to the one on the opposite end of the
      string from the M or N. Subjects were not told that two strings were exposed on
      each presentation, and when asked, none reported having been aware of this.
      Nevertheless, detection was significantly better when the two strings were
      homophones (e.g., SERM, SIRM) than when they were not (e.g., SARM, SORM). Results
      are discussed in terms of phonological access to the mental lexicon.

PMID- 3701307
TI  - Persistence of learned helplessness in humans.
AB  - The duration of the effects of a common learned helplessness induction procedure,
      exposure to insoluble concept-formation problems, was assessed by varying the
      interval between the induction procedure and subsequent exposure to soluble
      anagrams. Participants tested immediately or 30 min after the induction procedure
      exhibited reliable helplessness deficits on all dependent measures. These
      effects, relative to the performance of a nonhelpless control group, were absent
      in subjects who experienced delays of 2 or 6 hr before anagram testing. The
      implications of these results for the development of more enduring helplessness
      effects and for the conducting of research into analogue intervention are
      discussed.

PMID- 3701308
TI  - Influence of a 14-day regimen of electrical stimulation involving large portions
      of the cerebral mass on later habit acquisition in the rat.
AB  - Four groups of rats, one of which served as a normal, nonoperated group, were
      used. The other three groups were operated and fitted with an electrode carrier
      of eight electrodes of varying lengths arranged in a 7.5 mm X 5 mm rectangle.
      About 10 or 12 days after surgery, the following groups of animals underwent a 14
      day regimen wherein each animal spent 15 min in a deep, metal, electrically
      insulated cylinder: Group A, normal, nonoperated group, with no intervention;
      Group B, stimulated each day with 45 trains of rectangular biphasic pulses (3
      trains per min) at the rate of 20 pulses per second (pps); Group C, the same but
      at the rate of 100 pps; Group D, the same but 180 pps. After a 48-hr fast and
      without benefit of shaping, each animal was placed for 60 min in a lever-pressing
      device and was rewarded with a pellet after each three to four presses. The
      resulting performance curves showed no improvement in pressing rate for Group A;
      marginal improvement for Group B; definite improvement for Group C; and the
      greatest improvement for Group D, the terminal rate being almost twice that of
      Group C.

PMID- 3701309
TI  - The role of radiotherapy in the management of skin tumors.

PMID- 3701311
TI  - Morbid obesity.

PMID- 3701310
TI  - Medicine strives for continued autonomy.

PMID- 3701313
TI  - Diabetes: Part IV. Detection and prevention of kidney problems.

PMID- 3701312
TI  - Epidural morphine for analgesia after cesarean section.

PMID- 3701314
TI  - Strategies of disattention and auditory hallucinations in schizophrenics.
AB  - Disattentional strategies used by schizophrenics to attenuate auditory
      stimulation from the environment were proposed as extraordinary conditions of
      attention which facilitate the misperception of lexical thought as a voice and
      create an auditory hallucination. Two strategies were studied. The switching
      strategy involved concentration upon an external visual display to prevent a
      clearly audible list of words from registering. The holding strategy required
      mentally repeating a word in the list so as to ignore the words that followed.
      Process (N = 32) and reactive (N = 32) schizophrenics, 46 of whom had a history
      of auditory hallucinations, served as subjects. Effectiveness of the two
      disattentional strategies was tested by subsequent inability of the schizophrenic
      to recognize words from the taped list. Process schizophrenics with auditory
      hallucinations were able to use switching effectively but not holding. In
      contrast, reactive schizophrenics suffering auditory hallucinations successfully
      used holding but not switching. Both effects were confirmed relative to
      hallucinating controls given standard memory instructions. Strategy effects were
      not apparent in nonhallucinating schizophrenics. These results suggest that
      different disattentional strategies may have been practiced by hallucinating
      schizophrenics in keeping with their premorbid status and style of attention
      deployment. A proposal functionally relating disattention to the genesis of
      auditory hallucinations was suggested.

PMID- 3701315
TI  - Distractibility and discourse failure. Their association in mania and
      schizophrenia.
AB  - Manic (N = 18) and schizophrenic (N = 23) patients were evaluated with a
      linguistic assessment of reference failures and were tested with a digit span
      distraction task. It was found that, although manics and schizophrenics did not
      differ in their distraction performance, there were differential relationships
      between task performance and reference performance across the two subject
      samples. Both distraction and nondistraction performances were related equally to
      discourse failures in manics while distraction performance was a much better
      predictor of discourse failure than nondistraction performance in the
      schizophrenic sample. The fact that susceptibility to the effects of distraction
      seemed to be an important and specific predictor of discourse failures in
      schizophrenia is discussed in terms of recent developments in research and theory
      regarding schizophrenic speech disorders.

PMID- 3701316
TI  - Life change events among adolescents. An empirical consideration of some
      methodological issues.
AB  - Recent critiques in the stress literature have identified several methodological
      shortcomings, including ignoring control over event occurrence, the confounding
      of life event and outcome measures, the lack of consistent and reliable measures,
      and few cross-validational studies. Each of these problems is addressed
      empirically by examining two independent samples of adolescents. A 39-item life
      event measure, developed previously in one sample of 1018 adolescents, was
      administered to a second sample of 376 teenagers. Second-order factors of six
      stress scales were clustered into controllable and uncontrollable events, both of
      which were related to psychological distress. Poor health was significantly
      related to an uncontaminated factor of uncontrollable events. Means and
      covariances of the seven stress factors were compared between the derivation
      sample and an age-matched subset of the cross-validation sample. Correlates of
      the scales with drug use and personality revealed interpretable associations
      within the cross-validation sample and were quite similar to those in the
      original sample. Finally, few sex differences were evident, whereas scores on
      controllable events scales increased with age.

PMID- 3701317
TI  - DSM-III diagnoses in chronic pain. Confusion or clarity?
AB  - The assessment of patients with chronic pain is receiving increasing attention by
      psychiatrists. Recent publications have put forward the concept of the "pain
      prone disorder" as a variant of depressive illness. This study describes a series
      of 50 consecutive patients with chronic pain in terms of the five axes of the DSM
      III nosology. Diagnoses were made after a 90- to 120-minute psychiatric
      interview, and a check on diagnostic reliability was made on a small subsample.
      Psychological factors affecting physical condition were diagnosed in 34% and
      dysthymic disorder was diagnosed in 28%, while major depression, psychogenic pain
      disorder, somatization disorder, and anxiety disorders were each respectively
      diagnosed in 8%. Only 6% had no diagnosis on axis I and 4% had no diagnosis on
      axis III. Personality disorder was diagnosed in 40%, and traits of dependence,
      compulsiveness, and anxiety were common. Overall, the patients had experienced a
      high degree of psychosocial stress with fair to poor adaptive functioning. The
      notion of chronic pain as a variant of depressive disease is questioned on the
      basis of these findings. The author suggests that although pain-proneness is a
      useful psychodynamic concept, the case for its establishment as a new
      psychobiological disorder is not proven. Furthermore, the concepts of pain
      proneness, depression, and psychogenic pain have become confused. The author
      argues that the current classification is adequate to deal with the varieties of
      depression associated with chronic pain and that psychogenic pain disorder should
      be remerged with conversion disorder for the sake of clarity.

PMID- 3701319
TI  - Musical hallucinations, acquired deafness, and depression.
AB  - Musical hallucinations associated with acquired deafness are rarely reported in
      the psychiatric literature. In the few cases studied no evidence of psychiatric
      disturbance is noted. The authors describe two patients with musical
      hallucinations while in a state of nonpsychotic depression. One of these suffered
      from acquired deafness and no organic pathology was demonstrable in the other.
      Cessation of musical hallucinations occurred concomitantly in both patients with
      improvement of the affective state. Depression might have a contributory role in
      the occurrence of such hallucinations.

PMID- 3701318
TI  - Schizophrenia and mania in identical twin brothers.
AB  - Each of a pair of identical twin brothers was independently remanded for mental
      health assessment. The results of the assessment reliably revealed schizophrenia
      in one twin and mania in the other. The implications for genetic models of mental
      disorder are discussed.

PMID- 3701320
TI  - Histamine-induced prolactin release and activity of tuberoinfundibular
      dopaminergic neurons in male rats.
AB  - The role of tuberoinfundibular dopamine (DA) in the histamine-induced rise of
      plasma prolactin was studied in male rats. Right lateral ventricle (icv)
      histamine injection (30 micrograms/rat) caused a significant rise of plasma
      prolactin at 15 and 30 min; at 60 min values returned to basal levels. Histamine
      does not modified steady-state DA concentrations. For turnover evaluation,
      histamine was icv injected immediately or 30 min after the tyrosine hydroxylase
      inhibitor alpha-methyltyrosine (250 mg/kg i.p.) and DA concentration in the
      median eminence was measured at 0, 1 and 2 hours after the inhibitor injection.
      Rate constants of DA decline and DA synthesis rates were found similar in both
      controls (cerebrospinal fluid) and histamine-injected rats. These results
      indicate that the stimulatory action of histamine on prolactin release might not
      be associated to DA. It would be due mainly to its action on prolactin-releasing
      factors and to a minor extent, to changes in the dopaminergic system.

PMID- 3701321
TI  - Effects of tranylcypromine enantiomers on monoamine uptake and release and
      imipramine binding.
AB  - Studies were carried out in vitro to determine effects of tranylcypromine
      enantiomers ([+]- and [-]-TCP) on uptake and release of 5-HT, DA and NA in rat
      synaptosomes and on imipramine binding to rabbit platelets. (+)-TCP was more
      potent than (-)-TCP as inhibitor of 5-HT uptake and imipramine binding, whereas (
      )-TCP was more potent than (+)-TCP as inhibitor of DA and NA uptake. The
      enantiomers differed only slightly in their effects on monoamine release. The
      findings agree with previous reports on the stereo-selectivity of monoaminergic
      mechanisms toward TCP enantiomers, and support the notion that the 5-HT uptake
      site may be associated with the imipramine binding site.

PMID- 3701322
TI  - Dietary choline augments associative memory function in Limax maximus.
AB  - Previous clinical and experimental work has shown that increased dietary intake
      of choline elevates blood choline and brain acetylcholine levels. This change in
      neuronal acetylcholine concentration may augment learning and memory functions.
      We tested this prediction using the mollusc Limax maximus, an animal which can be
      readily conditioned to avoid food odors. In our experiments, initial learning of
      a food avoidance task was not augmented by the high choline diet. However, the
      duration of memory retention was prolonged. In previous studies, we have shown
      that intake of the choline enriched diet significantly increases blood choline
      and amplifies transmission at an identified cholinergic synapse in Limax.
      Together, these results support the involvement of cholinergic synapses in the
      memory retention mechanism.

PMID- 3701323
TI  - Modulation of a respiratory motor program by peptide-secreting neurons in
      Aplysia.
AB  - Respiratory pumping of the gill and siphon of Aplysia californica is a fixed
      action pattern coordinated by a defined set of interneurons and motor neurons. In
      semi-intact preparations of the gill and siphon innervated by the abdominal
      ganglion, respiratory pumping is facilitated for a prolonged period following
      activation of the peptidergic bag cell neurons. The induced changes in
      contractile behavior of the gill and siphon correlate with cell-specific actions
      of the bag cells on motor neurons regulating these organs. Our results suggest
      that peptidergic neurons can alter the expression of a fixed pattern of behavior
      by modulating the excitability of motor neurons controlling the behavior.

PMID- 3701324
TI  - Morphology and physiology of a hair plate sensory organ located on the antenna of
      the rock lobster Palinurus vulgaris.
AB  - At the level of the J1 joint of each antenna of the rock lobster Palinurus
      vulgaris a hair plate sensory organ (hp) similar to those described in insects
      has been observed. The hp is located on the internal side of the S2 segment of
      the antenna, close to the soft articulating membrane of the J1 joint. It is
      formed by a triangular surface of cuticle about 3mm2 in area, covered with
      numerous hairs of different lengths (Figs. 1 and 2). Details of the hp were
      studied by scanning electron microscopy (Fig. 2). Physiological stimulation of
      the hp hairs occurs during medial movement of the J1 joint. Under this condition
      the soft articulating membrane rolls over the hairs and bends them progressively
      back onto the cuticle. Flexion of all the hairs corresponds to a medial movement
      of the J1 through 40 degrees. During this type of movement, the number of
      successively flexed hairs increases linearly (Fig. 3). Electrophysiological
      recordings of the hp sensory nerve correlated with selective mechanical
      stimulation of individual hairs demonstrated that each hair is innervated by a
      single sensory fiber. This sensory neurone responds phasically when the hair is
      flexed back onto the cuticle (as during an S2 medial movement) and when it
      returns to its resting position (as during an S2 lateral movement). Most of the
      sensory neurones are sensitive to the movement velocity of the hairs (Figs. 4 and
      5). When the hair is maintained flexed its sensory neurone discharges tonically
      (Fig. 4). Electrical stimulation of the hp sensory nerve induced reflex actions
      in the external and internal rotator muscles of the segment S1. These effects
      were found to selectively activate the tonic motor command of these muscles (Fig.
      6).

PMID- 3701325
TI  - Tubulin synthesis in the regenerating rat superior cervical ganglion: a biphasic
      response.
AB  - Axotomy of a major cranial post ganglionic branch of the superior cervical
      ganglion of an adult rat resulted in increased radiolabeling of tubulin and
      microtubule-associated proteins after an in vitro 5-h incubation with [14C]
      methionine. The increased incorporation of the radiolabel began at day 1
      postoperatively and exhibited a biphasic response, peaking at days 3 and 8.

PMID- 3701326
TI  - In vitro classical conditioning of a gill withdrawal reflex in Aplysia: neural
      correlates and possible neural mechanisms.
AB  - An in vitro preparation consisting of the siphon, mantle, gill, and abdominal
      ganglion undergoes classical conditioning when a weak tactile stimulus (CS)
      applied to the siphon is paired with a strong tactile stimulus to the gill (UCS).
      When the stimuli are paired, the CS comes to evoke a gill withdrawal reflex (GWR)
      which increases in amplitude with training. Only when the stimuli are paired in a
      classical conditioning paradigm does the CS come to evoke a GWR. With classical
      conditioning training there is an alteration in the synaptic efficacy between
      central sensory neurons and central gill motor neurons. Moreover, these changes
      can be observed in sensory neurons not activated by the CS. The changes observed,
      as evidence by the number of action potentials evoked in the gill motor neuron do
      not completely parallel the observed behavioral changes. It is suggested that in
      addition to changes in the synaptic efficacy at the sensory-motor neuron synapse,
      other changes in neuronal activity occur at other loci which lead to the observed
      behavioral changes.

PMID- 3701327
TI  - Effect of pH on the speciation and solubility of divalent metals in human and
      bovine milks.
AB  - Computer models estimated the ligand speciation and solubility of calcium,
      magnesium, zinc, and copper over a pH range for low molecular weight fractions
      characteristic of either human or bovine milks. Above pH 4 calcium is the only
      metal predicted to precipitate. Most of the remaining soluble calcium, magnesium,
      and zinc should be complexed with citrate. The solubility of calcium, magnesium,
      and zinc in human and bovine milks was measured experimentally from pH 2 to 7.
      The solubility of all three metals decreased as the pH increased. Calcium and
      zinc were soluble over a narrower pH range in bovine milk than in human milk.
      Increasing the levels of either calcium or inorganic phosphate alone in
      decaseinated human milk did not affect the solubility of zinc, but when both
      calcium and inorganic phosphate were added at levels comparable to bovine milk
      the solubility of zinc decreased at the higher pH's. The decreased solubility of
      zinc in skimmed milks in pH's characteristic of the small intestine is likely due
      to coprecipitation of zinc with calcium phosphate--a reaction not predicted for
      milk systems from known chemical solubility product data.

PMID- 3701328
TI  - Depolarization-dependent protein phosphorylation in rat cortical synaptosomes:
      characterization of active protein kinases by phosphopeptide analysis of
      substrates.
AB  - Depolarization of synaptosomes is known to cause a calcium-dependent increase in
      the phosphorylation of a number of proteins. It was the aim of this study to
      determine which protein kinases are activated on depolarization by analyzing the
      incorporation of 32Pi into synaptosomal phosphoproteins and phosphopeptides. The
      following well-characterized phosphoproteins were chosen for study:
      phosphoprotein "87K," synapsin Ia and Ib, phosphoproteins IIIa and IIIb, the
      catalytic subunits of calmodulin kinase II, and the B-50 protein. Each was
      initially identified as a phosphoprotein in lysed synaptosomes after incubation
      with [gamma-32P]ATP. Mobility on two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels and
      phosphorylation by specific protein kinases were the primary criteria used for
      identification. A technique was developed that allowed simultaneous analysis of
      the phosphopeptides derived from all of these proteins. Phosphopeptides were
      characterized in lysed synaptosomes after activating cyclic AMP-, calmodulin-,
      and phospholipid-stimulated protein kinases in the presence of [gamma-32P]ATP.
      Phosphoproteins labelled in intact synaptosomes after incubation with 32Pi were
      then compared with those seen after ATP-labelling of lysed synaptosomes. As
      expected from previous work, phosphoprotein "87K," and synapsin Ia and Ib were
      labelled, but for the first time, phosphoproteins IIIa, IIIb, and the B-50
      protein were identified as being labelled in intact synaptosomes; the calmodulin
      kinase II subunits were hardly phosphorylated. From a comparison of the
      phosphopeptide profiles it was found that cyclic AMP-, calmodulin-, and
      phospholipid-stimulated protein kinases are all active in intact synaptosomes and
      their activity is dependent on extrasynaptosomal calcium. The activation of
      cyclic AMP-stimulated protein kinases in intact synaptosomes was confirmed by the
      addition of dibutyryl cyclic AMP and theophylline which specifically increased
      the labelling of phosphopeptides in synapsin Ia and Ib and in phosphoproteins
      IIIa and IIIb. On depolarization of intact synaptosomes, a number of
      phosphopeptides showed increased labelling and the pattern suggested that cyclic
      AMP-, calmodulin-, and phospholipid-stimulated protein kinases were all
      activated. No new peptides were phosphorylated, suggesting that depolarization
      simply increased the activity of already active protein kinases and that there
      was no depolarization-specific increase in protein phosphorylation.

PMID- 3701329
TI  - Mononucleotide metabolism in the rat brain after transient ischemia.
AB  - Nucleotide metabolism was studied in rats during and following the induction of
      10 min of forebrain ischemia (four-vessel occlusion model). Purine and pyrimidine
      nucleotides, nucleotides, and bases in forebrain extracts were quantitated by
      HPLC with an ultraviolet detector. Ischemia resulted in a severe reduction in the
      concentration of nucleoside triphosphates (ATP, GTP, UTP, and CTP) and an
      increase in the concentration of AMP, IMP, adenosine, inosine, hypoxanthine, and
      guanosine. During the recovery period, both the phosphocreatine level and
      adenylate energy charge were rapidly and completely restored to the normal range.
      ATP was only 78% of the control value at 180 min after ischemic reperfusion.
      Levels of nucleosides and bases were elevated during ischemia but decreased to
      values close to those of control animals following recirculation. Both the
      decrease in the adenine nucleotide pool and the incomplete ATP recovery were
      caused by insufficient reutilization of hypoxanthine via the purine salvage
      system. The content of cyclic AMP, which transiently accumulated during the early
      recirculation period, returned to the control level, paralleling the decrease of
      adenosine concentration, which suggested that adenylate cyclase activity during
      reperfusion is modulated by adenosine A2 receptors. The recovery of CTP was slow
      but greater than that of ATP, GTP, and UTP. The GTP/GDP ratio was higher than
      that of the control animals following recirculation.

PMID- 3701330
TI  - Subdivision of mouse brain [3H]imipramine binding based on ion dependence and
      serotonin sensitivity.
AB  - The specific binding of [3H]imipramine to mouse brain membranes in an assay
      containing 120 mM NaCl and 5 mM KCl was similar in regional distribution and
      pharmacological specificity to that reported previously in rat and human brain.
      However, the absence of ions decreased the density of the specific binding of
      [3H]imipramine and did not affect the equilibrium dissociation constant. Sodium
      was the only cation, and halides were the only anions tested that enhanced the
      specific binding of [3H]imipramine. Chloride did not increase the density of
      binding in the absence of sodium. The ion-sensitive binding of [3H]imipramine was
      regionally dependent and was highly correlated with the uptake of 5
      hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) into synaptosomes from brain regions. 5-HT
      did not inhibit the binding of [3H]imipramine in the absence of ions.
      Antidepressants inhibited binding in the absence and presence of ions, but in the
      presence of ions inhibition curves were shifted to the left and the apparent
      complexity of inhibition was increased. Quantitative analysis of the inhibition
      of [3H]imipramine binding by antidepressants conducted in the presence of ions
      was consistent with two binding sites. Lesion of the serotonergic input to the
      cerebral cortex by 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine suggested that both the 5-HT-sensitive
      and ion-sensitive binding of [3H]imipramine were associated with serotonergic
      nerve terminals. [3H]Imipramine binding displaced by desipramine, but insensitive
      to 5-HT and ions, was not affected by the lesion. Thus, the binding of
      [3H]imipramine that is displaced by desipramine, the most common assay for
      [3H]imipramine binding, includes a component that is not associated with brain
      serotonergic nerve terminals and 5-HT uptake, and, in addition, a separable
      component that is highly correlated with serotonergic function. These data have
      important implications for studies of serotonergic neurons and for the
      interpretation of imipramine binding data.

PMID- 3701331
TI  - Acetylcholinesterase activity in regions of the rat brain following a convulsion.
AB  - The effects of electroconvulsive shock on the levels of acetylcholinesterase in
      several brain regions of the rat were studied. Hippocampus, mesencephalon,
      cortex, and striatum exhibited rapid changes in acetylcholinesterase activity
      during the first few minutes following the convulsion, whereas brainstem and
      basal forebrain levels remained unchanged. In both hippocampus and midbrain there
      was a sustained decrease in activity: the total acetylcholinesterase activity was
      decreased by up to 40% within 2 min of the convulsion and did not return to
      control values for another 3 h. Thirty minutes after a flurothyl-induced
      convulsion there was a similar fall in acetylcholinesterase activity in both
      these regions, whereas a subconvulsive electric shock produced no change. It is
      concluded that a convulsion produces significant short-term decreases in
      acetylcholinesterase activity in areas of the rat brain that are involved in the
      generation and propagation of seizures, and the question is raised of whether
      this is related to the increase in seizure threshold that follows a convulsion.

PMID- 3701332
TI  - Purification and characterization of a soluble and a particulate glutamate
      dehydrogenase from rat brain.
AB  - Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity was determined in high-speed fractions
      (100,000 g for 60 min) obtained from whole rat brain homogenates after removal of
      a low-speed pellet (480 g for 10 min). Approximately 60% of the high-speed GDH
      activity was particulate (associated with membrane) and the remaining was soluble
      (probably of mitochondrial matrix origin). Most of the particulate GDH activity
      resisted extraction by several commonly used detergents, high concentration of
      salt, and sonication; however, it was largely extractable with the cationic
      detergent cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in hypotonic buffer solution. The
      two GDH activities were purified using a combination of hydrophobic interaction,
      ion exchange, and hydroxyapatite chromatography. Throughout these purification
      steps the two activities showed similar behavior. Kinetic studies indicated
      similar Km values for the two GDH fractions for the substrates alpha
      ketoglutarate, ammonia, and glutamate; however, there were small but significant
      differences in Km values for NADH and NADPH. Although the allosteric stimulation
      by ADP and L-leucine and inhibition by diethylstilbestrol was comparable, the two
      GDH components differed significantly in their susceptibility to GTP inhibition
      in the presence of 1 mM ADP, with apparent Ki values of 18.5 and 9.0 microM GTP
      for the soluble and particulate fractions, respectively. The Hill plot
      coefficient, binding constant, and cooperativity index for the GTP inhibition
      were also significantly different, indicating that the two GDH activities differ
      in their allosteric sites. In addition, enzyme activities of the two purified
      proteins exhibited a significant difference in thermal stability when inactivated
      at 45 degrees C and pH 7.4 in 50 mM phosphate buffer.

PMID- 3701333
TI  - Real-time monitoring of the secretory function of cultured adrenal chromaffin
      cells.
AB  - A system to discriminate the real-time dynamics of the secretory function in
      cultured adrenal chromaffin cells, using a cell bed perfusion technique and an
      amperometric detector, was established. Examination of basal conditions revealed
      that the electrode potential and flow rate are crucial factors for monitoring
      precise dynamics of the secretory process. Stimulation of the cells either with
      acetylcholine (ACh) or with high K+ concentration caused a transient current
      response. The current responses showed concentration dependence for both stimuli,
      and also showed a high correlation with the amount of catecholamines (CA) in the
      respective peak fraction of perfusate. Either prolonged cholinergic stimulation
      or maintained depolarization produced a transient response, which is not
      attributable to a depletion of releasable storage of CA as indicated by double
      stimulation experiments. Stimulation with high K+ concentration evoked an
      additional release of CA even after the cellular response to prolonged ACh was
      inactivated, whereas maintained depolarization with high K+ produced both
      facilitatory and inhibitory effects on the cell responsiveness to ACh. Most
      probably the transient natures of the secretory responses to ACh and to high K+
      are mediated by different mechanisms. All the results suggest that the direct
      monitoring is profitable for studies on the regulatory mechanisms of the
      secretory function.

PMID- 3701335
TI  - Spontaneous release of gamma-aminobutyric acid formed from putrescine and its
      enhanced Ca2+-dependent release by high K+ stimulation in the brains of freely
      moving rats.
AB  - The spontaneous release of [3H] gamma-aminobutyric acid ([3H]GABA) in various
      areas of rat brain injected with [3H]putrescine was examined using a push-pull
      perfusion technique. The release in a 25-min perfusate was highest in the caudate
      putamen. The effect of high K+ stimulation on the release of [3H]GABA formed from
      [3H]putrescine was examined in the caudate-putamen. The release was enhanced by
      high K+ solution in a Ca2+-dependent manner.

PMID- 3701336
TI  - Acetylation and phosphorylation of histones and nonhistone chromosomal proteins
      in neuronal and glial nuclei purified from cerebral hemispheres of developing rat
      brain.
AB  - The processes of acetylation and phosphorylation of histones and nonhistone
      proteins (NHPs) in neuronal and glial nuclei purified from cerebral hemispheres
      of rats at 1, 10, and 30 days of age were investigated. Purified neuronal and
      glial nuclei were incubated in the presence of [3H]acetyl-CoA and of [gamma
      32P]ATP. Histones and NHPs were extracted and fractionated by gel
      electrophoresis. Densitometric and radioactive patterns were obtained. The
      results showed an increase of acetylation and phosphorylation from 1 to 10 and 30
      days of age in both neuronal and glial nuclei in almost all histone and NHP
      fractions. Among the histones, the H3 fraction was always more labeled than the
      other fractions and showed the most remarkable differences during postnatal
      development. In the NHP fractions, the increase in acetylation from 1 to 10 and
      30 days of age was more evident in the low-molecular-weight region of neuronal
      nuclei than in the corresponding fraction of glial nuclei. The appearance of
      highly phosphorylated proteins (70,000-90,000 daltons)--absent at 1 day,
      appearing at 10 days, and more evident at 30 days of age--was observed in both
      neuronal and glial nuclei.

PMID- 3701334
TI  - Effect of modification of membrane phospholipid composition on phospholipid
      methylation in aggregating cell culture.
AB  - The effect of the presence of nitrogenous bases in the growth medium of fetal rat
      brain aggregating cell cultures was investigated. The presence of either N
      methylethanolamine (MME) or N,N-dimethylethanolamine (DME) in the growth medium
      resulted in significant increase of the corresponding phospholipid, phosphatidyl
      N-monomethylethanolamine (PMME) or phosphatidyl-N,N-dimethylethanolamine (PDME).
      They represented 28% and 32% of the total phospholipids, respectively. The
      presence of the new phospholipids was accompanied by a significant decrease of
      phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC). Cells grown in the
      presence of ethanolamine or choline had only barely detectable amounts of PMME
      and PDME. Intact cells previously grown with the bases were incubated with
      [methyl-3H]methionine. Incubation of cells previously grown in presence of the
      bases MME and DME resulted in a marked increase of radioactivity in the
      corresponding phospholipids possessing one additional methyl group, PDME and PC
      respectively. The incorporation of S-adenosyl[methyl-3H]methionine (AdoMet) was
      examined in cell homogenates incubated in presence or absence of either PMME or
      PDME acceptors. The addition of these exogenous phospholipids caused a three-or
      fourfold stimulation of radioactivity incorporated into the total phospholipids
      of cells grown in the absence of nitrogen bases. The cells grown in presence of
      either MME or DME in the culture medium did not show an increased incorporation
      of methyl groups from AdoMet into the total phospholipids after addition of
      exogenous acceptors. This work suggests that MME and DME incorporated into the
      corresponding phospholipids function as effective substrates for phospholipid-N
      methylation.

PMID- 3701337
TI  - Studies on analogues of succinic semialdehyde as substrates for succinate
      semialdehyde dehydrogenase from rat brain.
AB  - The methyl ester of succinic semialdehyde (SSA) was examined as a substrate for
      succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) from rat brain. It was found that
      the ester can be oxidized by the enzyme. Values of Km for SSA-Me were higher than
      for those for SSA, and for this substrate the enzyme showed a substrate-dependent
      inhibition. This finding suggests that the carboxylate group of SSA is not
      essential in the process of inhibition of SSADH by the substrate. Cyclopropyl
      analogues of SSA, cis- and trans-1-formyl-cyclopropan-2-carboxylic acids, were
      also individually tested as substrates of SSADH. Only the trans isomer was found
      to be oxidized to the corresponding dicarboxylic acid; it inhibited the enzyme in
      the same range of concentrations as SSA. The above data suggest that, as for
      gamma-aminobutyric acid, SSA is present in an unfolded, transoid conformation at
      the active site of SSADH.

PMID- 3701338
TI  - Characterization of curaremimetic neurotoxin binding sites on membrane fractions
      derived from the human medulloblastoma clonal line, TE671.
AB  - Studies were conducted on curaremimetic neurotoxin binding to the nicotinic
      acetylcholine receptor present on membrane fractions derived from the human
      medulloblastoma clonal line, TE671. High-affinity binding sites (KD = 2 nM for 1
      h incubation at 20 degrees C) and low-affinity binding sites (KD = 40 nM) for
      125I-labeled alpha-bungarotoxin are present in equal quantities (60 fmol/mg
      membrane protein). The kinetically determined dissociation constant for high
      affinity binding of toxin is 0.56 nM (k1 = 6.3 X 10(-3) min-1 nM-1; k-1 = 3.5 X
      10(-3) min-1) at 20 degrees C. Nicotine, d-tubocurarine, and acetylcholine are
      among the most effective inhibitors of high-affinity toxin binding. The quantity
      of toxin binding sites and their affinity for cholinergic agonists is sensitive
      to reduction, alkylation, and/or oxidation of membrane sulfhydryl residues. High
      affinity toxin binding sites that have been subjected to reaction with the
      sulfhydryl reagent dithiothreitol are irreversibly blocked by the nicotinic
      receptor affinity reagent bromoacetylcholine. High-affinity toxin binding is
      inhibited in the presence of either of two polyclonal antisera or a monoclonal
      antibody raised against nicotinic acetylcholine receptors from fish electric
      tissue. Taken together, these results indicate that curaremimetic neurotoxin
      binding sites on membrane fractions of the TE671 cell line share some properties
      with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of peripheral origin and with toxin
      binding sites on other neuronal tissues.

PMID- 3701339
TI  - Fish eye-lens reagents: sex-specific agglutination of human erythrocytes.

PMID- 3701340
TI  - Loliolide from Salvia divinorum.

PMID- 3701341
TI  - 6-methoxyflavonoids from Decachaeta ovatifolia.

PMID- 3701342
TI  - Limonoids from the seeds of Melia azedarach.
AB  - Evidence is presented for the structure of a new limonoid glycoside, 6-acetoxy-11
      alpha-hydroxy-7-oxo-14 beta, 15 beta-epoxymeliacin-1,5-diene-3-O-alpha-L
      rhamnopyranoside, which occurs together with salannin and meldenin in the seeds
      of Melia azedarach. The glycoside shows antibacterial activity against four
      organisms.

PMID- 3701343
TI  - Clinical signs in the Wernicke-Korsakoff complex: a retrospective analysis of 131
      cases diagnosed at necropsy.
AB  - A recent necropsy study has shown that 80% of patients with the Wernicke
      Korsakoff syndrome were not diagnosed as such during life. Review of the clinical
      signs of these cases revealed that only 16% had the classical clinical triad and
      19% had no documented clinical signs. The incidence of clinical signs in this and
      other retrospective pathological studies is very different from that of
      prospective clinical studies. This discrepancy may relate to "missed" clinical
      signs but the magnitude of the difference suggests that at least some cases of
      the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome may be the end result of repeated subclinical
      episodes of vitamin B1 deficiency. In order to make the diagnosis, clinicians
      must maintain a high index of suspicion in the "at risk" group of patients,
      particularly alcoholics. Investigations of thiamine status may be helpful and if
      the diagnosis is suspected, parenteral thiamine should be given.

PMID- 3701344
TI  - Primary pontine haemorrhage: clinical and computed tomographic correlations.
AB  - The clinical and computerised tomographic findings in 40 patients with primary
      pontine haemorrhage were reviewed. Twenty-nine patients were hypertensive. Four
      patients had angiographic or necropsy evidence of vascular malformations. In 33
      cases, there was rapid deterioration to maximal neurological deficit; whereas in
      seven cases, there was sudden onset but subsequent progression to maximal deficit
      24 hours to 5 days following the initial ictus. Seven patients had clinical
      features considered atypical for pontine haemorrhage. Five patients survived and
      four of these were capable of performing activities of daily living within 3
      months of the haemorrhage. In all cases CT showed a hyperdense non-enhancing
      brain stem haematoma. There was evidence of ventricular extension in 27 cases.
      There was CT evidence of subarachnoid blood in only two patients who also had
      vascular malformations. In 26 cases, there was CT evidence that the haematoma
      extended to the midbrain and in four cases to the thalamic region. In six cases
      CT was repeated 6 to 21 days after the initial scan and it showed resolution of
      the haematoma in size and density; none of the haematomas showed post-contrast
      enhancement on initial or follow-up CT.

PMID- 3701345
TI  - The surgical treatment of cervical myelopathy due to spondylosis and disc
      degeneration.
AB  - A personal prospective study of the surgical treatment of cervical myelopathy due
      to spondylosis and disc protrusion is presented. One hundred and thirty-seven
      patients with severe disability have undergone surgery according to a protocol
      involving both the anterior approach of Cloward and decompressive laminectomy.
      Fifty-two percent of patients have returned to full employment, 39% to light
      employment and 9% remained disabled though improved from their pre-operative
      status. The pathenogenesis, natural history and treatment are discussed and
      reasons advanced to suggest that the disability resulting from severe forms of
      the condition may be alleviated in the majority of cases.

PMID- 3701346
TI  - Ideational agraphia: a single case study.
AB  - A case study investigates the writing, spelling and praxic skills of one patient
      who was found to have a selective impairment in his ability to write letters and
      words in the absence of difficulty in copying these same letters and words. He
      appeared to have difficulty accessing the correct motor programmes or sequences
      for writing which we term "ideational agraphia" analagous to the syndrome of
      ideational apraxia. These findings are related to Margolin's information
      processing model of writing.

PMID- 3701347
TI  - Depression in Parkinson's disease: a quantitative and qualitative analysis.
AB  - Depression is a common feature of Parkinson's disease, a fact of both clinical
      and theoretical significance. Assessment of depression in Parkinson's disease is
      complicated by overlapping symptomatology in the two conditions, making global
      assessments based on observer or self-ratings of doubtful validity. The present
      study aimed to provide both a quantitative and qualitative description of the
      nature of the depressive changes found in Parkinson's disease as compared with
      normal elderly subjects and arthritis patients. As with previous studies, the
      patients with Parkinson's disease scored significantly higher than normal
      controls on various self-ratings of depression and anxiety but, in this study,
      did not differ from those with arthritis. Qualitatively, both the Parkinson's
      disease and the arthritis groups had depression characterised by pessimism and
      hopelessness, decreased motivation and drive, and increased concern with health.
      In contrast, the negative affective feelings of guilt, self-blame and
      worthlessness were absent in both patient groups. This pattern of depression was
      significantly associated with severity of illness and functional disability.
      However, these factors account for only a modest proportion of the variability in
      test scores. Probable unexplored factors are individual differences in coping
      style and availability of support.

PMID- 3701348
TI  - Low plasma concentrations of adrenaline and physiological tremor in man.
AB  - Finger tremor was measured in six normal subjects during intravenous infusions of
      adrenaline (10 ngkg-1min-1 and 50 ngkg-1min-1) resulting in venous plasma
      adrenaline concentrations within the physiological range (0.77 +/- 0.08 and 2.28
      +/- 0.18 nmoll-1). Tremor amplitude significantly increased after 15 and 25
      minutes infusion at the higher dose of adrenaline. The lower dose of adrenaline
      increased tremor in three of the six subjects.

PMID- 3701349
TI  - Exposure times for colour discrimination in the parafoveal field: a new procedure
      to detect subtle visual dysfunction in multiple sclerosis patients.
AB  - A new procedure to test colour discrimination in the parafoveal field is
      described. This method was used on 25 healthy controls and 25 subjects having a
      definite clinical or laboratory-supported diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, with
      or without a previous history of optic neuritis. The test proved to be sensitive
      in detecting visual dysfunction even in some patients in whom the standard
      technique of pattern-reversal evoked potential recordings yielded a normal
      result.

PMID- 3701350
TI  - Intracranial stimulation of the trigeminal nerve in man. I. Direct motor
      responses.
AB  - Direct electrical stimulation of the intracranial portion of the trigeminal nerve
      was performed in 23 subjects undergoing retrogasserian thermocoagulation for the
      treatment of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia. In 16 subjects, who were having the
      operation for the first time, neurological examination was normal, as was
      neurophysiological testing of trigeminal function. Seven subjects were being
      operated for the second time, owing to a recurrence of symptoms. In all the
      subjects being operated for the first time, direct motor responses were obtained
      from ipsilateral temporalis, masseter and anterior belly of the digastric. The
      motor conduction velocity was equal for the fibres directed to all three muscles.
      This was estimated to be 54m/s in the masseteric nerve and 55-68 m/s in the
      intracranial portion of the trigeminal nerve. Patients who had undergone previous
      thermocoagulation had a considerably slower conduction velocity. It is supposed
      that myelin sheaths had been damaged at the first operation.

PMID- 3701351
TI  - Intracranial stimulation of the trigeminal nerve in man. II. Reflex responses.
AB  - The reflex responses evoked by direct electrical stimulation of the intracranial
      portion of the trigeminal nerve have been studied in 16 subjects undergoing
      percutaneous retrogasserian thermocoagulation for the treatment of trigeminal
      neuralgia affecting the second or third division. In the obicularis oculi muscle,
      early and late responses similar to the R1 and R2 components of the blink reflex
      were recorded. The former could be evoked only by stimulation of the second
      division and its latency was consistent with intermediately fast afferents. A
      late reflex (50-70 ms) was occasionally recorded from the anterior belly of the
      digastric muscle. The response was sometimes followed by a later activity and
      showed the features of a polysynaptic reflex. No response was obtained in the jaw
      elevators when fully relaxed. With the subject voluntarily clenching his teeth,
      both an early "H-like" response and two silent periods in the background EMG were
      obtained. The second silent period was similar in the muscles ipsi- and
      contralateral to intracranial stimulation, while the first silent period was
      longer in the ipsilateral muscles. Possible mechanisms contributing to the
      inhibition following stimulation of the mixed portion of the nerve are discussed.

PMID- 3701352
TI  - The effect of isovolaemic haemodilution and intravenous glycerol on the sequelae
      of middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat.
AB  - The therapeutic potential of isovolaemic haemodilution and osmotherapy on the
      sequelae of middle cerebral artery occlusion has been studied in an animal model.
      The territory of the middle cerebral artery that failed to fill with a carbon
      black intravascular marker after intracranial occlusion for 30 minutes in the
      anaesthetised rat was reduced by 50% by isovolaemic haemodilution to a
      haematocrit of 30%. An intravenous infusion of 10% glycerol prevented swelling of
      the ischaemic hemisphere, though it did not further improve vascular perfusion.
      These findings support the use of isovolaemic haemodilution and osmotherapy in
      the acute aftermath of stroke.

PMID- 3701353
TI  - Comparison of fast flow and initial slope index values for cerebral blood flow
      following subarachnoid haemorrhage.
AB  - Forty five patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage proved by lumbar puncture
      underwent serial measurements of cerebral blood flow and central conduction time.
      When the initial slope index (ISI) value for cerebral blood flow is considered
      there is a clear relationship between reduction of cerebral blood flow and
      deteriorating clinical grade. This relationship is not so clearly demonstrated
      using the fast flow (f1) value for cerebral blood flow. When cerebral blood flow
      is compared to central conduction time those patients with a central conduction
      time longer than 6 X 4 ms have a significantly lower CBFisi but not a significant
      lower CBFf1. Furthermore, using the ISI value, there is a linear relationship
      between the fall in cerebral blood flow and the lengthening of CCT below a
      threshold blood flow of about 35 ml/100 g/min. This relationship is not
      demonstrated with the CBFf1 value. It therefore appears that the ISI value for
      cerebral blood flow shows a greater correlation between clinical and
      electrophysiological events than the f1 value.

PMID- 3701354
TI  - Multiple intracranial enterogenous cysts.
AB  - The case of a 40-year-old woman with increasing ataxia is described. Although the
      clinical presentation and evoked response studies raised the possibility of
      multiple sclerosis, further investigation revealed multiple cystic intracranial
      lesions. Surgical excision of one of the lesions relieved the patient's symptoms.
      Histological examination revealed that this was an enterogenous cyst. Although
      single cysts of this type have rarely been reported occurring in the posterior
      cranial fossa, the occurrence of multiple lesions, some in the supratentorial
      compartment, appears to be unique.

PMID- 3701355
TI  - Distant extradural haematoma complicating removal of frontal tumours.
AB  - The authors report two patients who developed occipito-parietal extradural
      haematomas following removal of large frontal meningiomas. In both, CT scanning
      aided diagnosis and subsequent management. Although rare, this complication
      should be considered when patients deteriorate or fail to improve after removal
      of frontally situated tumours or inexplicable brain swelling is encountered at
      the time of original surgery.

PMID- 3701356
TI  - Pantomime agnosia.
AB  - Visual agnosia is impaired visual recognition not explained by defective visual
      acuity, visual fields, attention, or general mental ability. Two nonapraxic
      patients with lesions in the left occipital lobe could imitate pantomimes they
      could not recognise. Although both patients had a hemianopia, sparing of gesture
      imitation shows that no visual defect accounts for their inability to recognise
      pantomimes. Both patients were amnestic and alexic but had no general impairment
      of cognitive ability to account for a pantomime-recognition disorder. These
      patients seem to have agnosia for pantomime. From the computed tomograms from
      these patients, we propose that inferior visual association cortex is critical
      for gesture comprehension, whereas superior portions of these structures are
      critical for imitating or performing pantomime to an object presented visually.

PMID- 3701358
TI  - Ideomotor apraxia arising from a purely deep lesion.

PMID- 3701357
TI  - Dynamic spelling alexia.
AB  - A 59-year-old, right-handed, college-educated male examined after stroke
      presented spelling alexia with relative sparing of writing. He was not aphasic. A
      striking feature of the alexia was preserved recognition of letters printed in
      view by the clinician. He was able to read words through letter-by-letter oral
      spelling when letters were presented in this dynamic fashion. We describe this as
      a dynamic form of spelling alexia. Head CT scan showed a large left hemisphere
      posterior lesion infringing on the corpus callosum, and a right hemisphere
      opercular lesion. We suggest that sparing of the right parietal-occipital cortex
      may contribute to the remarkable sparing of dynamic letter reading.

PMID- 3701359
TI  - Unusual EEG pattern in rubella encephalitis.

PMID- 3701360
TI  - Carotid-ophthalmic artery aneurysm masquerading as optic neuritis.

PMID- 3701361
TI  - Orbital apex syndrome caused by rheumatoid nodules.

PMID- 3701362
TI  - Intramedullary dermoid of the cervical spinal cord in a child.

PMID- 3701363
TI  - A case of recurrent idiopathic ophthalmoplegic neuropathy (Miller Fisher
      syndrome)

PMID- 3701364
TI  - Primary amyloidosis in a patient with myotonic dystrophy.

PMID- 3701365
TI  - Clinical-anatomic study of a family with bulbo-spinal muscular atrophy in adults.
AB  - Four cases are presented, with bulbo-spinal muscular atrophy characterised by
      adult onset and rapid evolution. They belong to a family in which the type of
      inheritance is probably dominant. Two cases were studied histologically. The most
      striking feature was the disappearance of neurons in the lower motor nuclei of
      medulla and of the spinal anterior horns. An electron microscopic study was
      carried out in one case. Accumulation of neurofilaments was a general
      characteristic, in addition to the picture of different sized spheroids. The
      clinical-pathological relationship is discussed.

PMID- 3701367
TI  - Antibodies to proteolipid apoprotein in chronic relapsing experimental allergic
      encephalomyelitis.
AB  - Titers of serum antibodies to proteolipid apoprotein (PLP) were determined in
      chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) of strain 13
      guinea pigs sensitized with whole central nervous system tissue. Levels of the
      antibodies were slightly higher in the animals with relapse than those without
      relapse during the early chronic stage (days 40-99 postinoculation). The titers
      were significantly higher in the relapsed animals during the chronic stage (days
      100-199). Although the clinical course was polyphasic, the humoral response to
      PLP was monophasic. Since PLP alone causes chronic EAE with widespread
      demyelination in guinea pigs (Yoshimura et al. 1985), the high titers of anti-PLP
      antibodies seem to have something to do with the immunologic mechanisms of
      chronic relapsing EAE.

PMID- 3701366
TI  - Dilute solutions of phenylephrine and pilocarpine in the diagnosis of disordered
      autonomic innervation of the iris. Observations in normal subjects, and in the
      syndromes of Horner and Holmes-Adie.
AB  - A standardized method of testing irideal sensitivity to 1% phenylephrine and
      0.05% pilocarpine is described, and a quantitative basis for pupillary
      neurotransmitter "supersensitivity" established. In a normal 20-year-old subject
      the pupillary diameter increases in bright light by no more than 2.1 mm 1 h after
      ocular application of phenylephrine; this figure should be adjusted for age since
      "phenylephrine sensitivity" of the iris increases by 0.23 mm per decade. The
      pupillary diameter, when measured in darkness, has normally decreased by less
      than or equal to 1.4 mm within 30 min of administration of pilocarpine.
      Differences in drug-induced diameter alterations between pairs of pupils should
      not normally exceed 0.7 mm for phenylephrine or 0.4 mm for pilocarpine. Seventy
      one percent of sympathetically denervated or decentralized (Horner's) pupils and
      41% of parasympathetically denervated ("tonic") pupils are abnormally responsive
      or "supersensitive" to dilute solutions of phenylephrine and pilocarpine
      respectively. Supersensitivity to these agents is therefore a useful but not
      invariable diagnostic feature of disturbed irideal innervation.

PMID- 3701368
TI  - The clinical versus radiological diagnosis of alcoholic cerebellar degeneration.
AB  - We report the clinical characteristics of 65 patients with alcoholic cerebellar
      degeneration as verified by computerized tomography of the brain. Thirty-two
      patients (49%) had clear clinical signs of the disease such as broad-based
      staggering gait, impaired heel-to-toe walking, terminal oscillations in heel-knee
      test and slow (3/s) leg tremor. These signs were virtually absent in 33 patients
      (51%) who, nevertheless, had radiological signs of cerebellar degeneration.
      Traumatic brain injuries were more frequent in those patients who had both
      clinical and radiological signs of alcoholic cerebellar degeneration.
      Furthermore, this group showed longer periods of heavy drinking, more severe
      cerebral atrophy and more profound neuropsychological impairment than a control
      group of 92 alcoholics with neither clinical nor radiological signs of cerebellar
      disease. We conclude that careful clinical neurological examination is needed to
      diagnose alcoholic cerebellar degeneration which is apparently a more common
      disease than first realized. Subclinical cases can be diagnosed with the help of
      computerized tomography of the brain.

PMID- 3701370
TI  - The refractory period of the visual evoked potential produced by pattern reversal
      in multiple sclerosis.
AB  - Refractoriness of the visual evoked potential to pattern-reversal stimulation has
      been studied using a light-emitting diode stimulator, the effect on a test P100
      of a conditioning pattern reversal being determined for conditioning-test
      intervals of 20 ms, 50 ms and 100 ms. In 20 normal subjects, the latency of the
      test P100 was increased by a mean of 9.8% (SD 5.0%) with the 20-ms interval, 5.8%
      (SD 6.6%) with the 50-ms interval, and 2.8% (SD 4.7%) with the 100-ms interval.
      Patients with clinically definite multiple sclerosis were divided into 3 groups
      based on the latency of P100 in the conventional VEP: within 2 SD of the normal
      mean (7 patients), plus 3-6 SD (7 patients), and greater than 10 SD (7 patients),
      representing normal, mildly abnormal and grossly abnormal latencies,
      respectively. Only 4 patients had "abnormal" results in the conditioning-test
      paradigm, 2 of whom were in the "grossly abnormal" group and 1 in each of the
      other two groups. The prolongation in latency tended to be greater the longer the
      control P100. The conditioning-test paradigm did not reveal evidence of a
      significantly prolonged refractory period of demyelinated axons in the optic
      nerve, and did not assist in the identification of changes "typical of
      demyelination" in patients with normal or mildly abnormal control P100s. It is
      concluded that testing the refractoriness of the VEP may not enhance the
      diagnostic yield of the VEP in multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 3701369
TI  - Prevention of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by ganglioside GM4. A
      follow-up study.
AB  - The myelin-specific ganglioside GM4, when incubated with myelin basic protein
      prior to inoculation, prevents experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the
      guinea pig. The monosialoganglioside GM1, the predominant ganglioside of
      mammalian myelin, also prevents experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, whereas
      a mixture of neural gangliosides rich in polysialogangliosides causes enhanced
      disease. Guinea pigs inoculated with both myelin basic protein and GM4 develop
      serum IgG antibodies against basic protein, but not against GM4.

PMID- 3701372
TI  - Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA. Activity and amount in dystrophic
      hamster muscle.
AB  - The activity and amount of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in
      muscle of young dystrophic hamsters was reduced to approximately half the level
      found in control animals. No changes in brain or liver enzyme activity were
      found. Several other glycolytic enzyme activities and creatine kinase activity in
      muscle were unchanged, except for modest decreases in aldolase and pyruvate
      kinase. To assess the synthesis of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, the
      poly(A)+ RNA was isolated from muscle polysomes of dystrophic and control animals
      and its activity was assessed in an mRNA-dependent translation system. The
      translatability of the mRNA for GAPDH found in the dystrophic muscle preparations
      also was half of that found in the control muscle preparations. Decreases were
      also found in the translatability of mRNA for tropomyosin.

PMID- 3701373
TI  - Somatosensory evoked potentials after head injury. The significance of the double
      peak.
AB  - The calculation of central somatosensory conduction time by subtracting the peak
      latency of the cervical potential from that of the initial cortical response in
      patients in posttraumatic coma provides both a reliable indication of outcome
      plus an assessment of brain damage. The interpretation of such recordings is
      confounded in a minority of patients by the presence in the cortical SEP of a
      biphasic cortical negativity, giving the impression that the initial cortical
      response (N20) has bifurcated into two subcomponents. Depending upon which
      subcomponent is assumed to be N20, an individual recording may ambiguously appear
      to have a central conduction time either within normal limits or very abnormally
      prolonged. The aetiology and significance of this double peak phenomenon was
      studied in 30 patients with severe head trauma. It is concluded that the first of
      the subcomponents invariably represents the genuine N20 potential irrespective of
      its relative amplitude. The second subcomponent is assumed to be N25, a minor
      cortical potential which can be recorded in only a limited number of normal
      subjects. The double peak effect appears to be created by a distortion in the
      early cortical waveform probably due to the characteristic reduction in its
      amplitude following head injury.

PMID- 3701374
TI  - Neurological complications of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis.
AB  - Forty four cases of the neurological complications of acute haemorrhagic
      conjunctivitis (AHC) seen in India during 1981 epidemic are reported. The disease
      predominantly affected adult males. The preceding attack of AHC, a latent period,
      prodromal symptoms of fever, myalgia and root pains followed by acute onset of
      lower motor neurone paralysis of limbs and/or cranial nerves formed the classical
      picture of neurological involvement. The recovery was poor and nearly half of the
      patients remained severely handicapped. Electrophysiological studies showed early
      appearance of widespread fibrillations and fasciculations, large polyphasic
      potentials of increased amplitude and reduced interference pattern. Nerve
      conduction studies were normal in most of the cases. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
      examination revealed lymphocytic pleocytosis and rise in protein content.
      Significant antibody titres against enterovirus type 70 (EV 70) were demonstrated
      in the serum and the CSF. HLA studies showed low occurrence of A2 and B15 HLA
      antigens. Muscle biopsies revealed neurogenic atrophy and sural nerve biopsies
      were histologically unremarkable. The similarities of this disease with
      poliomyelitis and its pathogenesis are discussed.

PMID- 3701371
TI  - Neutrophil function in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
AB  - Spontaneous migration, chemotactic and bactericidal activity and nitroblue
      tetrazolium (NBT) reduction by neutrophils from patients with Duchenne muscular
      dystrophy were evaluated using quantitative techniques. Significant reductions in
      spontaneous migration and chemotaxis were found in the DMD group when compared
      with a control group of subjects. No significant differences were found in
      bactericidal activity or NBT reduction. The findings suggest that there is a
      defect in the contractile system or cell membrane function of neutrophils in DMD
      and that the genetic defect is expressed in leucocytes as well as other tissues.

PMID- 3701375
TI  - Shy-Drager syndrome and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Cytoarchitectonic and
      morphometric studies of sacral autonomic neurons.
AB  - In order to elucidate the morphological correlates of bladder-rectal dysfunctions
      in Shy-Drager syndrome, the sacral spinal cord was cytoarchitectonically studied
      and 3 groups of sacral motor neurons, the posterolateral motor neuron column
      (PL), inferior intermediolateral nucleus (IML) and cell group X of Onuf (Onuf),
      were morphometrically quantitated at the S3 level (5 cases), after which the
      results were compared with those from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (5 cases) and
      an age-matched control group (4 cases). The sacral autonomic preganglionic
      nucleus of IML was localized chiefly in the S3-4 segments and was maximally
      developed in the caudal one-third of S3. The cell group X of Onuf was localized
      between the middle of S2 and the rostral one-third of S3 as a longitudinal
      slender column in the ventral horn. Between these two nuclei at the rostral S3
      level, a connecting cellular bridge of neurons of intermediolateral cell type was
      identified. Morphometry disclosed a marked deprivation of IML, Onuf and somatic
      motor neurons in Shy-Drager syndrome and a severe loss of somatic motor neurons
      and a modest deprivation of IML neurons in ALS. These results imply that these
      two disorders distinguished by different clinical manifestations share a common
      loss of somatic motor and parasympathetic motor neurons at least in the sacral
      cord. There are, however, certain gradients in the severity of involvement in
      these heterogeneous cell groups.

PMID- 3701376
TI  - Bupivacaine-induced muscle injury. The role of extracellular calcium.
AB  - To investigate the role of extracellular calcium in bupivacaine-induced muscle
      injury, the effects of the drug on creatine kinase (CK) release and muscle
      ultrastructure were studied in the isolated rat soleus in the presence and
      absence of calcium and of the Ca-channel blockers verapamil and nifedipine.
      Control muscles maintained a constant CK release rate and normal morphology for
      at least 3 hours. CK release rates increased markedly after exposure to 1.5 mM
      and 5 mM bupivacaine and electron microscopy showed evidence of damage to
      mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum and the plasmalemma of muscle fibres with
      disruption of the Z-lines, I-bands and M-lines of myofibrils. When calcium was
      omitted from the incubation medium, there was a 3-fold reduction in CK release
      rates; the morphological changes were less severe initially but by 120 min were
      comparable to those in muscles incubated with bupivacaine and calcium. Neither
      10(-6) M verapamil nor 10(-6) M nifedipine reduced CK release or muscle fibre
      damage. Verapamil (10(-5) M) reduced CK release but not the severity of muscle
      damage. The findings indicate that extracellular calcium plays a part in
      mediating the muscle damage caused by bupivacaine but that other factors must
      also be involved, and that Ca-channel blockers do not prevent muscle damage.

PMID- 3701377
TI  - The treatment of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis with interferon: a case
      report.
AB  - A child with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) received intraventricular
      alpha interferon (IFN) as experimental treatment. The course was monitored by
      colleagues in pediatric neurology, neuro-opthalmology and clinical psychology,
      also by monthly EEGS and brain CT scans. Two courses of IFN were administered.
      During the first course, improvement occurred nearly to the premorbid level of
      function. About 1 month after this trial was stopped, a severe recrudescence
      rapidly produced a thalamic state. A second trial of IFN resulted in less
      improvement. When the brain CT showed severe degeneration, the second trial was
      stopped. Intraventricular administration of alpha IFN was well tolerated in both
      courses of therapy. Alpha IFN has promise in the treatment of SSPE but the
      optimal dosage and duration of treatment are undetermined.

PMID- 3701378
TI  - Emery-Dreifuss syndrome.
AB  - A young adult male is described with muscular dystrophy of probable X-linked
      recessive inheritance. An onset of muscle weakness in late adolescence was
      preceded by contractures of the neck and elbows dating back to childhood. The
      distribution of muscle weakness was proximal in the upper limbs and both proximal
      and distal in the lower. The mixed pattern of muscle involvement in the legs
      favours the view that cases of Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy with proximal
      weakness in both the upper and lower limbs and X-linked scapuloperoneal muscular
      dystrophy represent the same disorder. A muscle biopsy in the present case showed
      unique appearances.

PMID- 3701379
TI  - Selective rhizotomies for spinal root pain and neuralgia of the inguinal region.
AB  - Our recent experience stimulated a review of selective rhizotomies for the
      alleviation of localized pain. Three patients with postoperative neuralgia in the
      inguinal region and two with neoplastic root compression were treated. Results
      were good and long-lasting in two cases, moderate in two and poor in one case.
      The relief appeared to better, the more clearly the pain was localized. In
      lesions distal to the spinal root it is necessary to undertake selective
      paravertebral root blocks with local anaesthetics. Experimental data are
      discussed that help in an understanding of pain recurrence after rhizotomy.

PMID- 3701380
TI  - The brain diseases causing senile dementia. A morphological study on 54
      consecutive autopsy cases.
AB  - Brains from 54 patients with organic dementia were examined systematically. As in
      previous investigations a predominance of Alzheimer type changes was observed.
      Seventeen patients showed Lewy bodies in the nucleus basalis, the substantia
      nigra and the locus coeruleus as well as other lesions of parkinsonian type. In 5
      cases these changes were thought to be responsible for dementia. In 8 patients no
      convincing morphological substrate of dementia was found. These patients were
      older than average; therefore age per se might have been responsible for
      dementia. It is emphasized that subjective judgements are almost unavoidable in
      assessing the cause of organic dementia.

PMID- 3701381
TI  - Localization of the precentral gyrus in the computed tomogram and its clinical
      application.
AB  - In 30 patients the anatomical configurations of the precentral and central sulcus
      and gyrus were examined by computed tomography and could be determined with great
      accuracy. The distances between the coronal suture and the central and precentral
      fissure, and the angle between the longitudinal fissure and the central fissure
      were measured. These data are used in the precise localization for a surgical
      approach to a mass lesion.

PMID- 3701382
TI  - Some remarks on computer-aided clinical electromyography based on experience with
      the Polish ANOPS minicomputer.
AB  - The author evaluates the application of the Polish minicomputer Analyser of Noise
      of Periodic Signals (ANOPS) in practical electromyography (EMG) and compares the
      diagnostic yield of ANOPS with that of manual quantitative EMG. The advantages of
      ANOPS--at least in the past--include speed, large samples, new data, reduced
      examiner bias, quantified evaluation of maximal effort record and online
      recording. The most important limitations of ANOPS are absence of complex
      potentials due to distortion of signals, loss of phase evaluation, and lack of
      comparability of amplitude with other methods. ANOPS is compared with other
      automated methods applied to evaluation of interference pattern and parameters of
      single motor unit potentials (MUPs). Most of the latter are based on pattern
      recognition. ANOPS does not meet all of the criteria which an automatic method
      should meet to be accepted in EMG practice. The most important problem is the
      distortion of properties of the EMG signal. Further search for computer-aided EMG
      methods and their careful testing in practice are necessary.

PMID- 3701383
TI  - Stapedius reflex in multiple sclerosis.
AB  - The stapedius reflex (StR) was studied in humans by impedance audiometry.
      Ipsilateral and contralateral reflexes, obtained from 48 multiple sclerosis (MS)
      patients and 26 controls, were analysed. MS patients showed smaller reflex
      amplitudes, longer onset latencies and higher contralateral reflex thresholds.
      Using onset latencies, 33% of all MS patients had at least two abnormal ipsi-
      and/or contralateral StRs. If the diagnosis was MS of the definite type, this
      figure was 39%. The StR is therefore a useful tool for detecting a subclinical
      lesion in the brainstem and can contribute to the early diagnosis of MS.

PMID- 3701384
TI  - Oculographic diagnosis of hemineglect in patients with homonymous hemianopia.
AB  - Two patients with complete dense left homonymous hemianopia of acute onset are
      presented. There was a striking difference in visuospatial orientation between
      them in the early stages of their disease, due to additional left hemineglect in
      the second patient. While eye movement patterns known to be typical for
      homonymous hemianopia were found in the first patient by means of infrared
      reflection oculography, the second showed several findings which could be
      attributed to hemineglect. Based on these observations and those described in
      earlier literature, oculographic criteria are listed that enable hemineglect to
      be detected in the presence of homonymous hemianopia. The practical importance of
      diagnosing hemineglect with objective and quantitative methods is stressed.

PMID- 3701385
TI  - Usefulness and technique of axillary dissection in primary breast cancer.

PMID- 3701386
TI  - Karnofsky memorial lecture. The oncologic end game.

PMID- 3701387
TI  - Complete axillary lymph node dissection for stage I-II carcinoma of the breast.
AB  - We reviewed the complete axillary dissection specimens of 136 patients with stage
      I-II breast cancer to clarify the distribution of axillary lymph node metastases
      in this disease. Our series included 71 patients undergoing axillary dissection
      as part of a modified radical mastectomy (MRM) and 65 patients undergoing
      axillary dissection in conjunction with conservative surgery of the breast and
      definitive postoperative breast radiotherapy (CAD). These two groups of patients
      were comparable according to age, menopausal status, tumor size, and clinical
      stage. In all patients the pectoralis minor muscle was excised and all axillary
      tissue removed. Each specimen contained a median of 23 lymph nodes. The axillary
      levels (I, II, III) were determined according to the relationship of axillary
      tissue to the pectoralis minor muscle (lateral, inferior, medial). Thirty-nine
      percent of the lymph nodes were contained in level I, 41% in level II, and 20% in
      level III. There were no significant differences noted in the number of lymph
      nodes or in the distribution of lymph nodes according to axillary level between
      dissections performed as part of the MRM or those done as a single procedure
      (CAD). Sixty-five patients (47.8%) had one or more positive lymph nodes in their
      axillary specimen. The clinical and pathologic stage was determined and compared
      for all patients. Among patients judged to have a clinically negative axilla,
      37.6% had histologically positive lymph nodes (clinical false-negative rate). For
      patients with a clinically positive axilla, 11.1% had, histologically, no
      evidence of metastatic disease (clinical false-positive rate). When the
      distribution of lymph node metastases according to axillary level was studied, it
      was found that 29.2% of lymph node-positive patients (or 14.0% of all patients)
      had metastases only to level II and/or III of the axilla, with level I being
      negative (skip metastases). This incidence of skip metastases was greater among
      clinically node-negative than among clinically node-positive patients, but was
      not related to the size or location of the primary tumor in the breast. In
      addition, it was found that 20.0% of lymph node-positive patients (or 9.6% of all
      patients) were converted from three or fewer to four or more positive nodes by
      analysis of lymph nodes contained in levels II and III. This conversion from
      three or fewer to four or more positive nodes was due primarily to information
      contained in level II, with level III contributing to a smaller degree.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3701388
TI  - Preoperative chemotherapy followed by surgery with possible postoperative
      radiotherapy in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: evaluation of the
      chemotherapy component.
AB  - Twenty-four patients with squamous cell cancer of the esophagus were entered into
      a treatment protocol consisting of preoperative chemotherapy (CT), surgical
      resection (SR), and possible postoperative CT or radiation therapy (RT) beginning
      August 1981. CT consisted of two cycles of 5-fluorouracil, 1,000 mg/m2, by
      continuous intravenous infusion for 4 days and cisplatin, 100 mg/m2, on day 4
      with mannitol-induced diuresis at 4-week intervals. Postoperatively, RT was
      administered when resection margins were minimal or if paraesophageal nodes were
      abnormal; the RT consisted of 5,000 to 5,400 cGy to the tumor area plus a 800- to
      1,200-cGy boost to known abnormal tumor margins. Nineteen of 24 patients were
      resectable (79%). There was one SR death (5%). One of 22 had a normal barium
      swallow post-CT, no visible tumor at SR, and no pathologic evidence of any
      residual disease. There was complete radiologic and gross clinical disappearance
      of tumor post-CT or post-SR in ten of 22 patients (45%). Four of 22 (18%) had
      greater than or equal to 50% regression, and five of 22 (23%) had no response.
      Toxicity of CT was mild. Eight of 19 patients (42%) received RT, and six of 19
      (32%) received CT postoperatively. Sixteen of 24 (67%) are alive with a median
      duration of observation of 9.5 months. Eight of 24 (33%) are dead, five of whom
      had not responded to preoperative CT. Ten of 14 responders are alive and disease
      free. The mean survival time for nonresponders was 6.70 months and for
      responders, 20.40 months, with the longest survivor disease free at 45 months.

PMID- 3701389
TI  - Long-term survivors in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: an Eastern
      Cooperative Oncology Group Study.
AB  - Between December 1979 and June 1983 the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG)
      treated 893 good-performance status patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung
      cancer (NSCLC) on one of seven phase III combination chemotherapies. The overall
      median survival was 23.5 weeks with no significant differences between
      treatments. One hundred sixty-eight patients (19%) survived greater than 1 year
      and 36 (4%) for greater than 2 years. The etoposide-platinum combination had the
      highest proportion of 1-year survivors (25%). Mitomycin-vinblastine-platinum
      (MVP), which had demonstrated the highest response rate, had significantly fewer
      1-year survivors (12%) than any other regimen (P = .003). Analysis of
      pretreatment characteristics that distinguished patients who survived greater
      than 1 year from those who did not demonstrated that an initial performance
      status of 0, no bone metastases, female sex, no subcutaneous metastases, non
      large-cell histology, less than 5% prior weight loss, no symptoms of shoulder or
      arm pain, and no liver metastases were predictors of longer survival. Of
      particular interest was the finding that response duration was significantly
      longer (P = .002) for those patients who experienced a longer time to best
      response. In addition, patients who survived greater than 1 year experienced
      greater degrees of nonlethal toxicity, in particular, gastrointestinal and
      hematologic, than patients who did not survive 1 year, (P = .006). A detailed
      chart review of 32 2-year survivors and 32 matched controls demonstrated that
      maintenance or improvement of performance status and maintenance of serum albumin
      levels at 3 months from the initiation of treatment were both important
      predictors of longer survival.

PMID- 3701390
TI  - Emergency prebiopsy radiation for mediastinal masses: impact on subsequent
      pathologic diagnosis and outcome.
AB  - From 1968 to 1983, 19 patients were treated at the Joint Center for Radiation
      Therapy for symptomatic mediastinal masses before a biopsy was obtained. This
      study evaluates the impact of radiation on the ability to establish a pathologic
      diagnosis and the results of subsequent empirical therapy if no diagnosis was
      established. Eight of the 19 (42%) patients were not able to have a histologic
      diagnosis established at the time of biopsy. Seven of these eight patients went
      on to receive empiric therapy for what was thought to be the most likely
      diagnosis on clinical grounds. Four of the seven have not relapsed; three who
      have relapsed were found to have the diagnosis for which they were empirically
      treated. The untreated patient relapsed with seminoma. Thus, the use of emergency
      irradiation for mediastinal masses is sometimes associated with the loss of
      pathologic diagnosis. These patients likely have a radioresponsive disease (ie,
      lymphoma or seminoma) that may be treated successfully on the presumed clinical
      diagnosis even when the histologic diagnosis is lost secondary to prebiopsy
      irradiation.

PMID- 3701391
TI  - A prospective study of 123I-labeled monoclonal antibody imaging in ovarian
      cancer.
AB  - Thirty patients presenting with a pelvic mass were entered into a prospective
      study on the use of radioimmunoscintigraphy with the 123I-labeled monoclonal
      antibody HMFG2. The imaging data was obtained without knowledge of the clinical
      data and compared with subsequent surgical findings. A false-positive diagnosis
      of ovarian cancer was made in five of ten patients subsequently shown not to have
      ovarian cancer; thus the technique cannot be used as a screening test. A true
      positive diagnosis was made in 19 out of 20 patients shown subsequently to have
      ovarian cancer. In 18 of these patients the distribution of uptake closely fitted
      the surgical findings. Methods of improving these results are described. In
      conclusion, radioimmunoscintigraphy is of no use in determining whether a pelvic
      mass is due to ovarian cancer, but has benefit in the evaluation of chemotherapy
      and may, in the future, prevent the need for second-look operations in some
      circumstances.

PMID- 3701392
TI  - Abdominal regional hyperthermia with an annular phased array.
AB  - Twenty-eight patients with advanced upper-abdominal malignancy were treated at
      the University of Utah on a pilot protocol involving regional hyperthermia (HT)
      produced by the BSD-1000 HT system and the annular phased array applicator (AA),
      usually driven at 60 MHz. Eighty-two percent of the patients had widespread
      metastatic disease, and the mean tumor burden was 2,900 cc. Seventy-nine percent
      of the patients received concurrent radiotherapy. Acute toxicity consisted
      primarily of pain within the AA aperture (43%), systemic stress (43%), and nausea
      or vomiting (29%). Systemic stress was the most frequent power-limiting factor
      (46%). There were two treatment-related complications: sciatic neuritis from
      intramuscular injection (one) and pleural effusion from thermometry probe
      placement (one). Detailed thermal mapping and thermal dosimetry were performed on
      26 patients. The mean thermal dosimetry parameters were quite low. Concurrent
      radiation doses were also quite low (mean, 1,500 rad) to avoid toxicity of
      sensitive organ systems within the abdomen. The objective response rate was only
      18%, all partial, but 43% of the patients achieved effective symptomatic
      palliation. The five objective responders did survive significantly (P = .02)
      longer than the 23 nonresponders.

PMID- 3701393
TI  - Long-term use of indwelling multipurpose silastic catheters in pediatric cancer
      patients treated with aggressive chemotherapy.
AB  - We studied the complications related to the use of 53 multipurpose silastic
      catheters (MSC) placed in 46 pediatric cancer patients over a 1-year period. We
      documented the longest duration of catheter placement in the pediatric oncology
      literature. There were 7,650 Broviac days (range, 9 to 365 days; mean, 163 days)
      with 255 patient months of catheter use and a mean of 5.5 months per catheter. Of
      the 53 MSCs, 90% were Broviacs (72% adult size, 18% pediatric size) and 10%
      Hickman. There were 23 episodes of bacteremias or 0.31 episodes per 100 days of
      catheter use. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were isolated in 20% of the
      episodes of bacteremia. Only 34% had an absolute granulocyte count (AGC)
      (Polymorphonuclear cells [PMN] + band cells) less than 500 in the 23 MSCs with
      bacteremia. Ten percent were removed: 4% for mechanical problems, 6% for
      bacteremia unresponsive to appropriate antibiotic therapy. There were no deaths
      related to bacteremia, embolism, or vascular damage. This study demonstrated that
      despite the recent use of more aggressive immunosuppressive therapy, the
      incidence of MSC bacteremias was 43%, similar to earlier National Cancer
      Institute studies (39%) American Society of Clinical Oncology, (abstract C-219,
      1982). Based on these findings, we have currently modified our MSC care and have
      recently throughout the past 6 months reduced our infectious complication rate by
      50%.

PMID- 3701394
TI  - Intravenous infusion of high doses of liposomes containing NSC 251635, a water
      insoluble cytostatic agent. A pilot study with pharmacokinetic data.
AB  - In patients with resistant malignant tumors, we performed a pilot trial of
      intravenous infusion of a water-insoluble cytostatic agent, NSC 251635, entrapped
      in large volumes of liposomes made of egg yolk lecithin, cholesterol, and
      stearylamine (4:3:1). Forty liposome infusions were given to 14 patients in 38
      courses. The volume of liposomes (20 mg of lipids/mL) varied from 205 to 1,000 mL
      or 124 to 617 mL/m2 of body surface, and amounts of NSC 251635 varied from 82 to
      456 mg/m2. Three patients received repeated single courses. Liposomal therapy was
      very well tolerated. Side effects observed during some infusions were mild
      sedation, fever, chills, lumbar pain, urticarial rash, and bronchospasm. In all
      patients investigated, an important activation of the complement system was
      observed. No objective regression of the tumors was observed. The limiting factor
      in the phase I study was not toxicity but the volume of liposomes that could be
      prepared at once because of the long time required for its preparation.
      Pharmacokinetic data showed that maximal serum phospholipid and NSC 251635
      concentrations were obtained at the end of the liposome infusion. The drug's peak
      was followed by a decreasing phase leading to a kind of plateau and a prolonged
      presence of the drug in the blood until 120 hours after its administration.
      Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of phospholipids and NSC 251635 suggests a
      rather rapid dissociation of the drug from the liposome.

PMID- 3701395
TI  - Carcinoembryonic antigen.

PMID- 3701396
TI  - Plasticity of medial gastrocnemius motor units following cordotomy in the cat.
AB  - Experiments were performed in adult cats to determine the effects of lumbar
      cordotomy on synaptic potentials, motoneuron membrane electrical properties,
      muscle-unit contractile properties, and whole-muscle histochemical properties of
      a heterogeneous skeletal muscle. Medial gastrocnemius (MG) motor units were
      examined 1 wk to 7 mo following complete transection of the lumbar spinal cord
      (cordotomy). Motor units were classified on the basis of their contractile
      properties as type FF, FI, FR, or S (8, 68). Muscle fibers were classified as
      type FG, FOG, or SO on the basis of histochemical staining (59). Motoneuron
      electrical properties (axonal conduction velocity, action-potential amplitude,
      rheobase, input resistance, afterhyperpolarization), group I EPSPs, and muscle
      unit contractile properties (unpotentiated and potentiated twitch, unfused and
      fused tetanus, fatigability) were measured. Reduced numbers of type FR motor
      units and increased numbers of types FI + FF motor units were found in
      electrophysiological experiments 2 wk to 7 mo following cordotomy. Corroborative
      data were obtained from histochemical studies of the same MG muscles. Electrical
      properties of the motoneurons of each motor-unit type were normal following
      cordotomy. The close correspondence between motoneuron electrical properties and
      muscle-unit contractile properties found in normal MG muscle (68) was preserved
      following cordotomy. Contractile strength of muscle units of all types was
      severely reduced following cordotomy; partial recovery occurred 4-7 mo following
      cordotomy. Cross-sectional area of muscle fibers was reduced at all times
      investigated (2 wk to 7 mo). In three cats, homonymous group Ia single-fiber
      motoneuron EPSPs were studied 1 or 2 mo following cordotomy at spinal level L4-5
      or L5. EPSP amplitude and afferent-to-motoneuron projection frequency were
      normal. In 12 other cats, composite heteronymous group I EPSPs were studied 2 wk
      to 7 mo following cordotomy at various levels. Amplitude of these EPSPs was
      increased, dependent upon level of cordotomy and postoperative time. Hypotheses
      concerning the influence of motoneurons on muscle, and of muscle on motoneurons,
      are presented as possible mechanisms whereby the close relation between
      motoneuron electrical and muscle-unit contractile properties is preserved in the
      face of redistributed motor-unit populations.

PMID- 3701397
TI  - Mechanical sensitivity of group III and IV afferents from posterior articular
      nerve in normal and inflamed cat knee.
AB  - Recordings were performed from sciatic nerve or dorsal root filaments in 28 cats
      to study single group III (conduction velocity 2.5-20 m/s) and group IV
      (conduction velocity less than 2.5 m/s) units supplying the knee joint via the
      posterior articular nerve (PAN). In seven of these cats the knee joint had been
      inflamed artificially. Recordings from sciatic nerve filaments revealed responses
      to local mechanical stimulation of the joint in only 3 of 41 group IV units and
      in 12 of 18 group III units from the normal joint. In the inflamed joint 14 of 36
      group IV units and 24 of 36 group III units were excited with local mechanical
      stimulation. In recordings from dorsal root filaments (normal joint) 4 of 11
      group IV units and 7 of 13 group III units were activated by stimulating the
      joint locally. In the normal joint four group IV units (recorded from dorsal root
      filaments) responded only to rotations against the resistance of the tissue,
      whereas the majority of the fibers did not respond even to forceful movements.
      Group III units with local mechanosensitivity in the normal joint reacted
      strongly or weakly to movements in the working range of the joint or only to
      movements against resistance of the tissue. In the inflamed joint, group IV
      fibers (recorded in sciatic nerve filaments) with detectable receptive fields
      responded strongly to gentle movements or only to movements against resistance of
      tissue. Some did not react to movements. Group III units reacted strongly or
      weakly to gentle movements or only to movements against resistance of the
      tissue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3701398
TI  - Mechanoreceptors in rat glabrous skin: redevelopment of function after nerve
      crush.
AB  - In the glabrous skin of the rat's hindfoot the same triple set of low-threshold
      mechanoreceptors is present as has been found in other mammals: slowly adapting
      (SA), rapidly adapting (RA), and very rapidly adapting Pacinian corpuscle-like
      (PC) receptors. Their functional characteristics were examined in normal rats and
      compared with those of sensitive mechanoreceptors found in the glabrous skin of
      the foot 2-24 wk after crush of the plantar nerves, resulting in regeneration of
      the transected nerve fibers. After 2 wk of nerve regeneration, low-threshold RA
      and SA cutaneous mechanoreceptors reappeared in the foot skin. Responses of PC
      receptors were recorded again after 3 wk, at which time the proportion of fibers
      that could be identified as low-threshold cutaneous mechanoreceptors had regained
      control level. Discharge patterns of regenerated cutaneous mechanosensitive
      receptors were very similar to those of normal skin mechanoreceptors. Their
      sensitivity to controlled mechanical stimulation was, however, still reduced 4 wk
      after the lesion. After 8 wk RA and SA receptors had regained their normal
      dynamic sensitivity, i.e., the responsiveness to the velocity of skin
      indentation. The static sensitivity of SA receptors, i.e., responsiveness to
      maintained skin indentation, was not consistently reestablished within 24 wk. No
      shift in sensitivity could be deduced from tuning curves of PC receptors examined
      3-24 wk after nerve crush. In addition to the low-threshold mechanoreceptors,
      high-threshold (HT) mechanoreceptive fibers were found in controls and in animals
      with regenerating nerves. This type of fiber was most frequently found 1 wk after
      the nerve crush, when reinnervation of the foot started. They probably represent
      fibers not connected to specific mechanoreceptor end organs. Thus, functional
      restitution of the highly specific cutaneous mechanoreceptors occurs fairly soon
      after invasion of the original territory by the regenerating nerve. It is assumed
      that the underlying mechanism is the rapid reconnection of fibers with the end
      organs that have either survived during the period of denervation or regenerated
      subsequent to reinnervation of the skin.

PMID- 3701399
TI  - Activity of pars reticulata neurons of monkey substantia nigra in relation to
      motor, sensory, and complex events.
AB  - The behavioral involvement of neurons in the pars reticulata of the substantia
      nigra (SNpr) in sensory and motor processes was investigated in order to
      contribute to the understanding of behavior-related neuronal mechanisms in the
      basal ganglia, of which the SNpr is a major output station. Electrophysiological
      properties of SNpr neurons were studied with extracellular recordings from single
      neurons in monkeys performing in a behavioral GO/NO-GO paradigm, employing
      significant auditory and visual stimuli, forelimb reaching movements, and mouth
      movements. Neurons in the SNpr discharged impulses of 0.6 to 1.0 ms in duration,
      at rates of 23 to 145/s (median 68/s). They contrasted with dopaminergic pars
      compacta neurons of substantia nigra, which discharged longer impulses at rates
      below 8/s. Two-thirds of more than 100 quantitatively and statistically evaluated
      SNpr neurons showed changes with temporal relationships to at least one of the
      events of the behavioral task. One-fifth of all neurons covaried with more than
      one event. The largest group of task-related neurons increased or decreased
      activity with contralateral forelimb movements (46% of all neurons). Most of them
      covaried with large forward reaching of the arm, and only the minority covaried
      with distal forearm manipulation. None of the SNpr neurons resembled in their
      changes the timing of activity of single muscles. Many neurons also showed
      changes with ipsilateral movements, in a similar fashion as on the contralateral
      side. Changes began rarely before and mostly with or after onset of muscle
      activity in prime movers. Changes were quantitatively moderate, rarely exceeding
      a doubling of discharge rate with increases and reductions by 50% with decreases.
      Movement relations did not appear to be due to somatosensory input. Some neurons
      increased or decreased their activity in relation to mouth movements (16% of all
      neurons). Changes were quantitatively moderate as in the case of movement
      relationships. Nine percent of all neurons decreased their activity after an
      acoustic preparatory signal and 9% after a light stimulus indicating the GO or NO
      GO situation. Latencies were 50-150 ms (median 90 ms) for the auditory and 80-200
      ms (median 120 ms) for the visual responses. Twelve percent of all neurons
      increased or decreased their activity during the waiting and preparation period,
      which lay between an initial sensory signal and the permission to move for
      reward.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3701400
TI  - Central input to primary afferent neurons in crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus,
      is correlated with rhythmic motor output of thoracic ganglia.
AB  - A preparation is described in which the thoracic ganglia of the crayfish are
      isolated together with the thoracocoxal muscle receptor organ (TCMRO) of the
      fourth leg. This preparation allows intracellular analysis of both centrally
      generated and reflex activity in leg motor neurons (MNs). The isolated thoracic
      ganglia can spontaneously generate a rhythmic motor pattern resembling that used
      during forward walking (Fig. 4). This involves the reciprocal activity of
      promotor and remotor MNs, with levator MNs firing in phase with promotor bursts.
      Stretch of the TCMRO in quiescent preparations evokes a resistance reflex in
      promotor MNs (Fig. 6). In more active preparations the response is variable and
      often becomes an assistance reflex, with excitation of remotor MNs on stretch
      (Fig. 7). When rhythmic motor patterns occur, the neuropilar processes of the S
      and T fibers receive central inputs that are strongly correlated with the
      oscillatory drive to the MNs and probably have the same origin (Figs. 8 and 9).
      Central inputs to the S and T fibers occur in opposite phases within a cycle of
      rhythmic motor output. The S fiber is depolarized in phase with promotor MNs and
      the T fiber in phase with remotor activity. The input to the T fiber is shown to
      be a chemical synaptic drive that has a reversal potential approximately 14 mV
      more depolarized than the fiber's resting membrane potential. This input
      substantially modulates the amplitude and waveform of passively propagated
      receptor potentials generated by TCMRO stretch (Fig. 11). It is argued that the
      central inputs to the TCMRO afferents will modulate proprioceptive feedback
      resulting from voluntary movements.

PMID- 3701401
TI  - Phase-dependent reversal of reflexes mediated by the thoracocoxal muscle receptor
      organ in the crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus.
AB  - Both negative feedback, resistance reflexes and positive feedback, assistance
      reflexes are mediated by the thoracocoxal muscle receptor organ (TCMRO) in the
      crayfish, depending on the central excitability of the preparation. In this paper
      we present evidence that the velocity-sensitive afferent T fiber of the TCMRO may
      elicit either resistance or assistance reflexes in different preparations. In
      preparations displaying assistance reflexes, the S and T fibers of the TCMRO
      exert reciprocal effects on leg motor neurons (MNs). The S fiber excites promotor
      MNs (negative feedback) and inhibits remotor MNs, the T fiber excites remotor MNs
      (positive feedback) and inhibits promotor MNs. During reciprocal motor output of
      promotor and remotor MNs, reflexes mediated by the TCMRO are modulated in a phase
      dependent manner. The TCMRO excites promotor MNs during their active phases
      (negative feedback) but inhibits them during their reciprocal phases. Remotor MNs
      are excited by the TCMRO during their active phases (positive feedback). It is
      proposed that depolarizing central inputs that occur in the S and T fibers at
      opposite phases of the motor output cycle (21) facilitate the output effects of
      each afferent in alternation, effectively mediating a phase-dependent shift
      between the effects of one afferent and the other. The implications of central
      modulation of reflex pathways and the possible functions of positive and negative
      feedback reflexes during locomotion are discussed.

PMID- 3701402
TI  - Effects of unilateral frontal eye-field lesions on eye-head coordination in
      monkey.
AB  - We studied the effects of unilateral frontal eye-field (FEF) lesions on eye-head
      coordination in monkeys that were trained to perform a visual search task. Eye
      and head movements were recorded with the scleral search coil technique using
      phase angle detection in a homogeneous electromagnetic field. In the visual
      search task all three animals showed a neglect for stimuli presented in the field
      contralateral to the lesion. In two animals the neglect disappeared within 2-3
      wk. One animal had a lasting deficit. We found that FEF lesions that are
      restricted to area 8 cause only temporary deficits in eye and head movements. Up
      to a week after the lesion the animals had a strong preference to direct gaze and
      head to the side ipsilateral to the lesion. Animals tracked objects in
      contralateral space with combined eye and head movements, but failed to do this
      with the eyes alone. It was found that within a few days after the lesion, eye
      and head movements in the direction of the target were initiated, but they were
      inadequate and had long latencies. Within 1 wk latencies had regained
      preoperative values. Parallel with the recovery on the behavioral task, head
      movements became more prominent than before the lesion. Four weeks after the
      lesion, peak velocity of the head movement had increased by a factor of two,
      whereas the duration showed a twofold decrease compared with head movements
      before the lesion. No effects were seen on the duration and peak velocity of
      gaze. After the recovery on the behavioral task had stabilized, a relative
      neglect in the hemifield contralateral to the lesion could still be demonstrated
      by simultaneously presenting two stimuli in the left and right visual hemifields.
      The neglect is not due to a sensory deficit, but to a disorder of programming.
      The recovery from unilateral neglect after a FEF lesion is the result of a
      different orienting behavior, in which head movements become more important. It
      is concluded that the FEF plays an important role in the organization and
      coordination of eye and head movements and that lesions of this area result in
      subtle but permanent changes in eye-head coordination.

PMID- 3701403
TI  - Motoneuron electrophysiological and muscle contractile properties of superior
      oblique motor units in cat.
AB  - Intracellular techniques were used to study single motor units of the trochlear
      nucleus and superior oblique muscle in the cat. Motoneuron electrophysiological
      properties were correlated with muscle-unit contractile characteristics assessed
      under isometric conditions. Two distinct motor-unit types were identified and
      designated as twitch and nontwitch. Nontwitch units made up 5% of the total
      population studied. They responded only to tetanic stimulation with graded force
      that increased as stimulus frequency was increased up to 300-400 Hz. These units
      made up a homogeneous population in that they were innervated by slowly
      conducting axons, produced weak tetanic tensions, and were extremely fatigue
      resistant. Twitch units made up the majority (95%) of units studied. These units
      responded to single pulse stimulation with typical twitch contractions. The
      contraction speed and tension ranges for these units were comparable with those
      obtained from other extraocular muscle single units. Superior oblique twitch
      units, mechanically comparable with multiply innervated conducting units,
      identified in the cat inferior oblique muscle (31) were not observed. The twitch
      unit population was heterogeneous in terms of neuromuscular fatigue resistance.
      Unit fatigability was inversely related to maximal tetanic tension. Motoneuron
      conduction velocity was related to muscle-unit contractile properties in a way
      similar to that seen in extremity motor units. The slowest twitch units were
      weak, fatigue resistant, and innervated by slow conducting axons. The fastest
      units were, in general, innervated by faster conducting axons, produced greater
      tetanic tensions, and were more susceptible to fatigue. Correlations among input
      resistance, rheobase, and conduction velocity were also observed. At present,
      subdivisions of the twitch-unit population on the basis of any one or combination
      of unit properties does not seem appropriate.

PMID- 3701404
TI  - Histamine decreases calcium-mediated potassium current in guinea pig hippocampal
      CA1 pyramidal cells.
AB  - The action of histamine on CA1 pyramidal cells was studied in a hippocampal slice
      preparation. In the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX) and tetraethylammonium (TEA),
      histamine had little effect on the calcium spikes. Using the single-electrode
      voltage-clamp technique, the actions of histamine on membrane currents were
      tested. In TTX, histamine (1 microM) decreased outward current only at potentials
      more depolarized than approximately -50 mV, where calcium-mediated potassium
      current is predominant. In the presence of manganese, histamine was without
      effect. Histamine (10 microM) did not affect the transient outward potassium
      current (A-current), the inward M-current resulting from small hyperpolarizing
      steps, or the inward Q-current elicited by larger hyperpolarizing steps. Blocking
      potassium currents with TEA or replacing calcium with barium revealed a slow
      inward current normally carried by calcium. With TTX present to block sodium
      currents, histamine (10 microM) did not reduce the inward current. The outward
      current reduced by a maximally effective concentration of histamine (10 microM)
      can be further decreased by manganese. The results support the conclusion that
      histamine selectively decreases the calcium-mediated potassium conductance in CA1
      pyramidal cells of hippocampus. The possibility is raised that there is a
      component of calcium-mediated potassium current that is insensitive to histamine.

PMID- 3701405
TI  - Voltage-clamp analysis of synaptic inhibition during long-term potentiation in
      hippocampus.
AB  - The excitatory synaptic response evoked by stimulating the mossy fiber synaptic
      input to hippocampal CA3 neurons in normally accompanied by concomitant
      feedforward or recurrent inhibition. The purpose of the present study was to
      determine whether a decrease in the inhibitory conductance of this mixed synaptic
      response contributes to the enhanced synaptic efficacy observed during long-term
      potentiation (LTP). Intracellular recordings were made from CA3 neurons of rat
      hippocampal brain slices. Current- and voltage-clamp measurements of the mixed
      excitatory/inhibitory evoked synaptic response were made, using a single
      electrode clamp system. Outward and inward rectification were reduced,
      respectively, by intracellular injection and bath application of Cs+. Biophysical
      analysis of the evoked synaptic conductance sequence was performed before and 15
      min to 1 h after inducing LTP. As expected, measurements made in the early part
      of the conductance sequence, which represents primarily the monosynaptic
      excitatory input, demonstrated an increase in the slope conductance during LTP.
      Measurements made later in the conductance sequence, when the excitatory
      component appeared to have declined to a negligible value, revealed no decrease
      in the slope conductance of the inhibitory component of the mixed response. We
      conclude that a decrease in the conductance associated with the inhibitory
      component of the mixed synaptic response plays little or no role in the increase
      in synaptic efficacy observed during LTP of this synaptic system.

PMID- 3701406
TI  - Multiple time axes for representation of echo delays in the auditory cortex of
      the mustached bat.
AB  - The properties of the orientation sound (pulse) of the Jamaican mustached bat,
      Pteronotus parnellii parnellii is the same as the Panamanian mustached bat, P.p.
      rubiginosus. It consists of four harmonics, each containing a long constant
      frequency (CF) component followed by a short frequency-modulated (FM) component.
      Thus, there are eight components in total: CF1-4 and FM1-4. The combination
      sensitive area of the auditory cortex in P.p. parnellii consists of two major
      divisions (FM-FM and CF/CF areas) as in P.p. rubiginosus. The FM-FM area projects
      to the dorsal fringe (DF) and other areas. Response latencies of neurons in the
      DF area are longer than those in the FM-FM area. The distribution of latencies is
      unimodal for the FM-FM area, but bimodal for the DF area. In this
      electrophysiological study of the response properties of neurons in the DF and FM
      FM areas, our aim was to find out how signal processing might be different
      between the two areas. Both the FM-FM and DF areas consist of three types of FM
      FM combination-sensitive neurons: FM1-FM2, FM1-FM3, and FM1-FM4. They do not
      respond or respond poorly to pulse alone, echo alone, single CF tones or single
      FM sounds. But they show strong facilitation of response to the echo when it is
      delivered with particular delays from the pulse. The essential elements in the
      pulse-echo pair for facilitation are the FM1 of the pulse and FM2 or FM3 or FM4
      of the echo. In both the FM-FM and DF areas, the great majority of neurons show
      short-lasting facilitation, and other neurons show long-lasting facilitation. FM
      FM neurons are tuned to particular echo delays, i.e., target ranges. In both the
      FM-FM and DF areas, the width of a delay-tuning curve is linearly related to the
      value of a best delay. There is no sign that processing of range information is
      more specialized in the DF area than the FM-FM area. In both the FM-FM and DF
      areas, three types of FM-FM neurons form independent clusters. Along the major
      axis of each cluster, best delays for facilitative responses of neurons
      systematically change according to the loci of the neurons. The more posterior
      the location, the longer the best delay is. Therefore, there are six time (i.e.,
      range) axes in total. The time axis in the DF area is shorter than that in the FM
      FM area.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3701407
TI  - A role for action-potential activity in the development of neuronal connections
      in the kitten retinogeniculate pathway.
AB  - The role of action potentials in the development of proper synaptic connections
      in the mammalian CNS was studied in the kitten retinogeniculate pathway. Our
      basic finding is that there is improper segregation of retinal inputs onto LGN
      cells after prolonged retinal action-potential blockade. Retinal ganglion cell
      firing was silenced from birth by repeated monocular injections of TTX. The
      resulting ganglion cell connections in the LGN were studied
      electrophysiologically after the action-potential blockade was ended. Most cells
      in the deprived LGN layers received excitatory input from both ON-center and OFF
      center type ganglion cells, whereas LGN cells normally receive inputs only from
      ON-center or OFF-center ganglion cells, but not from both types. Improper
      segregation of ON and OFF inputs has never been reported after other types of
      visual deprivation that do not block ganglion cell activity. Control experiments
      showed that receptive fields in the nondeprived LGN layers were normal, that
      ganglion cell responses remained normal, and that there was no obvious ganglion
      cell loss. We also showed that individual LGN cells with ON and OFF excitatory
      inputs were not present in normal neonatal kittens. Two other types of improper
      input segregation in response to action-potential blockade were also found in the
      deprived LGN layers. (1) A greater than normal number of LGN cells received both
      X- and Y-type ganglion cell input. (2) Almost half of the cells at LGN layer
      borders were excited binocularly. Recovery of LGN normality was rapid and
      complete after blockade that lasted for only 3 weeks from birth, but little
      recovery was seen after about 11 weeks of blockade. The susceptibility to action
      potential blockade decreased during the first 3 postnatal weeks. These findings
      may result from axon-terminal sprouting or from the failure of axon terminals to
      retract. The results are consistent with the idea that normally synchronous
      activity of neighboring ganglion cells of like center-type may be used in the
      refinement of retinogeniculate synaptic connections.

PMID- 3701408
TI  - Retinal ganglion cells in goldfish: a qualitative classification into four
      morphological types, and a quantitative study of the development of one of them.
AB  - In this paper we describe the dendritic morphology of ganglion cells that have
      been retrogradely stained with HRP taken up by the cut optic nerve. This
      technique produces an extensive Golgi-like filling of the cells. From their
      appearance in the retinal whole-mount, they were classified as four types,
      according to the sizes of the soma and dendritic field, the thickness of the
      primary dendrites, and the density of the arbors. Each type was subdivided
      according to the level(s) of stratification of the dendrites within the inner and
      outer plexiform layer(s) to yield a total of 15 subtypes (four for three types,
      three for the other). The retina of the goldfish grows by a balloon-like
      expansion, and by the addition of new neurons, in annuli, at the margin.
      Therefore, a similar cell type may be examined at a variety of stages of
      development in the same retina, as well as in the retinae from fish of various
      ages. We have used a computer-assisted microscope to do so, quantitatively, for
      one large and easily identified subtype. In small fish (ca. 4 cm long), the
      number of dendritic branch points, the total dendritic length, and the dendritic
      field sizes of these cells are constant inside a central zone extending to 70-80%
      of the retinal radius. The magnitudes of all three numeric descriptors decrease
      closer to the margin. In large fish (ca. 14 cm long), the central zone extends to
      more than 90% of the retinal radius, and the same pattern holds. The area of the
      dendritic fields and the total dendritic lengths are both greater in the central
      zone of the large fish than in the small, but the number of branches is the same
      in both. This suggests that once a cell has achieved the "mature" number of
      dendritic branches, further growth is interstitial. A comparison of dendritic
      morphologies across the retina shows that the pattern of dendritic outgrowth in
      peripheral retina is initially directed parallel to the margin, and, later,
      toward the margin. This suggests that dendritic growth is impeded by the
      dendrites present in more central retina and proceeds preferentially where they
      are absent. Cells of the same age are at different distances from the optic disk
      in the small and large retinae. In some cases, they have quite different
      dendritic morphologies. This implies that dendritic development depends not only
      on the age and subtype of the cell, but on extrinsic factors as well.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3701409
TI  - Dynamic changes in the dendritic geometry of individual neurons visualized over
      periods of up to three months in the superior cervical ganglion of living mice.
AB  - We describe a means of visualizing the same neuron in the superior cervical
      ganglion of young adult mice over intervals of up to 3 months. The dendrites of
      these neurons change during this interval; some branches retract, others
      elongate, and still others appear to form de novo. Thus, neuronal dendrites in
      this part of the nervous system are subject to continual change beyond what is
      usually considered the developmental period. The remodeling of postsynaptic
      processes further implies that the synaptic connections made onto these cells
      undergo substantial rearrangement well into adulthood.

PMID- 3701410
TI  - Synaptic functions in rat sympathetic neurons in microcultures. I. Secretion of
      norepinephrine and acetylcholine.
AB  - This is the first of a series of four papers that describes the use of a
      sensitive "microculture" procedure for examining the neurotransmitter profile of
      a neuron by assaying the transmitter(s) it releases. Sympathetic principal
      neurons isolated from the superior cervical ganglia of neonatal or adult rats
      were grown for 10 d to several months on small islands of cardiac myocytes
      (island diameter, ca. 0.5 mm). To assay transmitter status a neuron and a myocyte
      in the same microculture were impaled with microelectrodes, the neuron was
      stimulated and the pharmacology of the effect(s) on the group of electrically
      coupled myocytes, and on the neuron itself, was investigated. Because the growing
      axonal processes were confined to the island, the innervation of the myocytes
      became dense; transmission from neuron to myocytes occurred reliably and was
      often intense. Most experiments were done on islands containing only a single
      neuron so that the observed effect(s) on the myocytes could be confidently
      assigned to that neuron. After the physiological assay, the fine structure or
      cytochemistry of the neuron was often examined. With single-neuron microcultures
      the physiology and anatomy of the neuron, including the fine structure of its
      synaptic endings and varicosities, could be correlated unambiguously. During the
      course of this work, we have observed five pharmacologically distinct effects
      exerted on the myocytes by either neonate- or adult-derived neurons. Three of
      these effects, one exerted at least in large part by adenosine and the others by
      agents still under study (one appears to be 5-HT), are described by Furshpan et
      al. (1986), Matsumoto et al. (in press), and D. Sah and S. G. Matsumoto
      (unpublished observations). This paper is concerned with evidence for secretion
      by these neurons of norepinephrine (NE) and acetylcholine (ACh). The
      physiological effects of the secretion of these two substances onto the myocytes
      (excitation and inhibition, respectively) were generally similar to those
      reported in vivo. The minimal latencies of the responses were short, probably due
      to the high density of innervation. ACh secreted by a neuron onto itself, at
      autapses, evoked fast nicotinic EPSPs. We have not detected autaptic effects
      attributable to the secretion of NE. A minority of the neurons were detectably
      only adrenergic or only cholinergic. The incidence of these transmitter states
      was strongly dependent on culture age and culture conditions; in a heterogeneous
      group of about 300 reasonably well-characterized neurons about 17% (12% of
      neonate-derived) were apparently purely adrenergic and about 10% (13% of neonate
      derived) were apparently purely cholinergic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3701411
TI  - The representation of peripheral nerve inputs in the S-I hindpaw cortex of rats
      raised with incompletely innervated hindpaws.
AB  - The hindpaws of 1-d-old rats were partially denervated by transection and
      ligation of the sciatic nerve. Following growth to adulthood, the topographical
      organization of the hindpaw representation in primary somatosensory (S-I) cortex
      was studied with neurophysiological mapping techniques and compared to the
      organization of previously studied normal adult rats and adult rats that had
      sciatic transection. The goals were (1) to determine how the topographical
      organization of the hindpaw representation is affected when development occurs
      with an incomplete set of peripheral inputs, and (2) to identify possible
      differences in the capacity of neonatal and adult CNSs to adjust to loss of
      inputs. The rat hindpaw is relatively immature on the day of birth. Neonatal
      transection and ligation of the sciatic nerve stunted gross development of the
      hindpaw and resulted in a permanent loss of low-threshold mechanoreceptor inputs
      from hindpaw zones normally innervated by the sciatic nerve. A comparison of the
      cortical representations of neonatally denervated and normal rats indicated that
      early loss of sciatic inputs caused several changes in the topographical
      organization of the hindpaw cortex, including (1) a loss of the representation of
      hindpaw skin areas innervated by the sciatic nerve, (2) a limited infringement of
      cutaneous inputs from the hindquarter into the cortical zone deprived of sciatic
      hindpaw inputs, (3) increased variability in the topographical relationships of
      the hindpaw and hindquarter representations, and (4) a decrease in the size of
      the cortical area responsive to cutaneous inputs. A comparison of the cortical
      representations of neonatal and adult denervates indicated that the general
      cortical reaction to sciatic injury at both ages was similar: Neurons in some
      parts of the deprived hindpaw cortex were activated by cutaneous inputs from
      uninjured nerves, whereas neurons in other parts of this cortex were unresponsive
      to cutaneous stimulation. The topographical organization and size of projection
      zones of uninjured peripheral inputs were different, however, after denervation
      in neonatal and adult rats. From these findings we suggest that (1) development
      of a normal, topographically organized hindpaw representation requires
      integration of hindpaw inputs in a spatially specific manner, (2) more than one
      pattern of cortical adjustment occurs after sciatic injury, and age is an
      important determinant of the pattern that is established.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 3701412
TI  - Regional properties of calcium entry in barnacle neurons determined with Arsenazo
      III and a photodiode array.
AB  - Calcium changes were simultaneously measured at many positions on individual
      neurons from the supraesophageal ganglion of the barnacle by detecting absorbance
      changes of the indicator dye Arsenazo III with a 10 X 10 photodiode array. These
      changes were correlated with positions on the stimulated cell determined from
      Lucifer yellow injections. Absorbance signals were found at all locations on the
      cells, demonstrating that calcium channels were distributed on the somata, axons,
      and neuropil processes. By comparing the amplitude of the signal with the
      membrane area in each region, we could measure the calcium entry per impulse per
      unit of surface in each part of the cell. Assuming that the properties of the
      calcium channels are the same in all regions, we determined that calcium channels
      were distributed uniformly along the commissural axon of one cell and were found
      at higher density in the neuropil. Because significant calcium changes are only
      detected when cells are depolarized above about -20 mV, the presence of
      absorbance signals indicates membrane depolarization above this level. We used
      this fact to show that calcium spikes propagate along the axon and into the
      neuropil of one cell, along the axon of another, and not at all in a third.
      Differences in time course of calcium transients were observed in different
      regions of cells. The recovery time course was faster at the edge of the cell
      body than in the center and faster in the neuropil than in the axon or soma.
      During trains of action potentials or during wide action potentials in
      tetraethylammonium (TEA) saline, the calcium signal reached a plateau in the
      neuropil while continuing to rise in the axon and soma.

PMID- 3701413
TI  - Relationships between horizontal interactions and functional architecture in cat
      striate cortex as revealed by cross-correlation analysis.
AB  - Anatomical studies in the visual cortex have shown the presence of long-range
      horizontal connections with clustered axonal collaterals, suggesting interactions
      over distances of several millimeters. We used cross-correlation analysis in cat
      striate cortex to detect interactions between cells over comparable distances.
      Using one cell as a reference, we recorded from other cells with a second
      electrode at varying distances and looked for correlated firing between the two
      recording sites. This technique allowed us to combine a physiological measure of
      the strength and type of connection between cells with a characterization of
      their receptive field properties. The observed interactions were excitatory, and
      extended over horizontal distances of several millimeters. Furthermore, the
      interactions were between orientation columns of like specificity, resulting in a
      waxing and waning in the strength of interaction as the electrodes passed through
      different orientation columns. We studied relationships between strength of
      correlation and other receptive field properties and found a tendency for
      facilitatory interactions between cells sharing the same eye preference. A large
      proportion of our correlations was due to common input. This feature, and the
      similarity of interactions between cells in the same column with the reference
      cell, suggest a high degree of interconnectivity between and within the columns.
      As the distance between the two electrodes increased, the overlap of the
      receptive fields of the cells participating in the interactions gradually
      diminished. At the furthest distances recorded, the cell pairs had nonoverlapping
      receptive fields separated by several degrees. The distribution and range of
      these interactions corresponded to the clustering and extent of the horizontal
      connections observed anatomically.

PMID- 3701414
TI  - Involvement of serotonin in the excitation of phrenic motoneurons evoked by
      stimulation of the raphe obscurus.
AB  - Short-latency averaged responses in the C5 phrenic nerves to electrical
      stimulation (2.5-80 microA; 5-80 Hz; 150 microseconds pulse duration) of raphe
      pallidus (RP) and raphe obscurus (RO) were investigated in anesthetized,
      paralyzed, and artificially ventilated cats. The responses to stimulation of RO
      were excitatory, whereas a mixture of inhibitory and excitatory responses of
      lesser magnitude were observed after stimulating in RP. The maximal response was
      obtained from the ventral part of RO and consisted of early and delayed
      excitatory responses that were of equal magnitude in both left and right C5
      phrenic nerve roots. The mean latency for the early response was 2.5 +/- 0.1 msec
      and for the delayed response was 7.0 +/- 0.2 msec. Both responses were elicited
      during inspiratory phase stimulation, but only the delayed response was present
      during expiratory phase stimulation. The stimulus threshold of the early response
      was 5 microA; the delayed response was elicited at currents as small as 2.5
      microA. Early and delayed responses were affected in different ways by increasing
      stimulus current and by increasing stimulus frequency. Intravenous administration
      of serotonin receptor antagonists methysergide (0.1-0.7 mg/kg), metergoline (33
      244 micrograms/kg), and cinanserin (1.5-9.0 micrograms/kg) caused significant
      dose-related reductions in the magnitude of the delayed response, but did not
      significantly affect the early response. These data suggest that the early and
      delayed excitatory responses are mediated by different neuronal pathways. The
      early response does not involve serotonin release, while the later response is
      mediated at least in part by activation of a serotonergic pathway.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3701415
TI  - Microcircuitry of beta ganglion cells in cat retina.
AB  - We reconstructed from electron micrographs of 189 serial ultrathin sections a
      major portion of the dendritic tree of an on-beta ganglion cell through its sixth
      order of branching. One hundred three contacts from three cone bipolar cells were
      identified. Forty-seven contacts were from a single CBb1 cone bipolar. These were
      distributed widely over the dendritic tree but were frequently found on the
      slender "basal tuft" dendrites. Twenty-two additional contacts from a second CBb1
      cell were found but not studied in detail. Thirty-four contacts were from a
      single CBb2 cone bipolar; these also were distributed widely but were primarily
      on the branches of the main dendritic arborization. A major portion of the
      dendritic tree of an off-beta cell was also reconstructed through its seventh
      order of branching. Thirty-five contacts from two cone bipolar cells were
      identified. Twenty-three contacts were from a single CBa1 cone bipolar and 12
      widely distributed over the off-beta cell dendritic tree. We propose that the
      photopic receptive field center of a beta cell corresponds to the envelope of the
      receptive fields of the bipolar cells that connect it to the cones. The center
      response of a beta cell may be generated by a "push-pull" mechanism. For the on
      beta cell there would be excitation at light on from CBb1 and disinhibition from
      CBb2 and the reverse at light off. For the off-beta cell there would be
      inhibition at light on from CBa2 and withdrawal of excitation from CBa1. Should
      the bipolars have antagonistic surrounds (so far reported only for CBb1), the
      beta cell surrounds as well as their centers might be generated by this push-pull
      mechanism.

PMID- 3701416
TI  - Pattern and motion vision in cats with selective loss of cortical directional
      selectivity.
AB  - Neurons in the visual cortex of cats reared in 8 Hz stroboscopic illumination
      show a profound loss of directional selectivity, but no detectable deficits in
      orientation selectivity, contrast sensitivity, and temporal frequency response,
      and only a slight reduction in spatial resolution. In the present study, spatial
      vision, temporal resolution, and a variety of motion detection and discrimination
      thresholds were examined behaviorally in such cats. These psychophysical
      measurements revealed nearly normal spatial and temporal vision, but severe
      abnormalities in visual discriminations based on differences in stimulus
      direction. Specifically, strobe-reared cats showed normal orientation
      discrimination and temporal frequency resolution, nearly normal contrast
      sensitivity at low spatial frequencies, and a slight reduction of sensitivity to
      high spatial frequencies. At high contrasts, the cats were able to discriminate
      opposite directions of motion over a wide range of visible speeds, and their
      performance was indistinguishable from that of normal cats. However, a comparison
      of contrast thresholds for detecting moving gratings and for discriminating their
      direction of motion revealed severe abnormalities in strobe-reared animals. At
      low spatial frequencies (0.28 cycles/deg), normal cats could discriminate the
      direction of grating motion at contrasts that were just barely visible, whereas
      the strobe-reared cats could detect the grating at contrasts similar to those
      required by normal cats, but required contrasts about 10 X the threshold to
      identify the direction of motion. Normal cats showed nearly identical contrast
      sensitivity for detecting and discriminating gratings of high spatial frequency
      at high temporal frequency (drift rates), but when the temporal frequency was
      low, their sensitivity for detection exceeded that for direction
      discrimination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3701417
TI  - Binaural response organization within a frequency-band representation of the
      inferior colliculus: implications for sound localization.
AB  - The auditory system of the mustache bat (Pteronotus parnellii) contains a
      disproportionately large representation of a narrow frequency band, corresponding
      to the dominant, 60 kHz component of its echolocation signal. In the inferior
      colliculus (IC), the 60 kHz representation comprises an architectonically
      distinct region called the dorsoposterior division (DPD), which is accessible for
      detailed physiological study. We examined the topographic distribution of
      binaural responses within this one frequency-band representation of the inferior
      colliculus. We describe two primary results. First, neurons with different
      binaural response properties are spatially segregated into one of four binaural
      response-specific regions of the DPD: a large region of monaural (EO) responses;
      two regions containing neurons excited by sound from both ears (EE); and a region
      containing neurons excited by one ear and inhibited by the other (EI). Regions
      dominated by 60 kHz EI responses are also found in the lateral extremity of the
      IC, probably within the external nucleus. These results demonstrate functionally
      defined subdivisions in a single frequency-band representation of the IC.
      Moreover, they suggest that brain stem auditory projections to the DPD and/or
      intrinsic connections within the DPD are highly organized. Second, within the EI
      region of the DPD, there is a systematic shift in the sensitivity of EI multiunit
      responses to interaural intensity disparities (IIDs). Dorsally, EI neurons are
      suppressed only by relatively loud ipsilateral sounds, and there is a systematic
      decrease in the relative ipsilateral intensity required for suppression at more
      ventral recording sites. This result demonstrates that neurons sensitive to a
      sound localization cue are systematically organized within a frequency-band
      representation of the inferior colliculus. It has implications for the manner in
      which the location of a sound source is encoded within the primary auditory
      pathway.

PMID- 3701418
TI  - Prenatal development of cat retinogeniculate axon arbors in the absence of
      binocular interactions.
AB  - During prenatal development of the cat's retinogeniculate projection, inputs from
      the ganglion cell axons of the two eyes are initially intermixed with each other
      within the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). As development proceeds, the inputs
      sort out to give rise to the eye-specific layers characteristic of the adult.
      During this sorting out process, individual axons undergo a stereotyped sequence
      of morphological changes that ultimately produce the characteristic pattern of
      arborization in which axon arbors are restricted in extent only to those layers
      of the LGN appropriate for the eye of origin (Sretavan and Shatz, 1984, 1986).
      Here, we examine whether binocular interactions between retinal ganglion cell
      axons from the two eyes are required for the formation of this restricted pattern
      of terminal arborization. To examine this question, one eye was removed at
      embryonic day 23 (E23), when ganglion cell axons have not yet reached the optic
      chiasm, and the ganglion cell axons from the remaining eye were allowed to
      develop in the complete absence of binocular interactions. At E59, when
      segregation into eye-specific layers is normally almost complete, the
      retinogeniculate projection from the remaining eye was then examined both by
      anterograde transport following intraocular injections of 3H-leucine and by the
      in vitro filling of individual ganglion cell axons with HRP. Results from the
      intraocular injections showed that in the absence of one eye, the remaining eye
      is still capable of forming both ipsilateral and contralateral optic tracts;
      however, the projection was distributed diffusely throughout each LGN, rather
      than being confined to normal eye-specific territories. When individual HRP
      filled axons were reconstructed and examined, it was remarkable to find that the
      pattern of terminal arborization was virtually indistinguishable from normal
      axons. As usual, arbors were restricted to the distal portion of each axon trunk,
      and measurements showed that the total linear length of axon contributing to each
      arbor was within the normal range (enucleated, 2310 +/- 920 microns; normal, 2520
      +/- 810 microns). Furthermore, the terminal arborizations of axons appeared to be
      organized into a series of tiers within the LGN in a pattern surprisingly similar
      to the pattern of eye-specific layers normally present by E59. Also unchanged was
      the normally occurring loss of axons from the remaining optic nerve: Counts at
      E59 showed that about 2.3 X 10(5) axons were present in enucleated animals as
      compared to 2.5 X 10(5) axons in controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3701419
TI  - Long-term results in transsphenoidal removal of nonfunctioning pituitary
      adenomas.
AB  - Little has been written about the long-term results of transsphenoidal treatment
      for clinically nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. The records of 100 patients who
      had undergone a transsphenoidal procedure for excision of such tumors were
      reviewed. Immunocytology for pituitary hormones was performed in all cases. The
      group consisted predominantly of null-cell adenomas, although a small number of
      prolactinomas and gonadotropic tumors were found. The mean diameter of the tumors
      at the time of detection was slightly more than 2 cm. In most cases, the
      presenting symptoms were due to the mass effect of the tumor (that is, visual
      symptoms in 72 patients, hypopituitarism in 61, headache in 36, and cranial nerve
      disturbance other than visual loss in 10). Radiation therapy was recommended for
      patients in whom subtotal removal of the adenoma was expected. Six patients
      developed symptomatic tumor recurrence, and 10 patients demonstrated radiographic
      recurrence during the 48 to 100 months (mean 73.4 months) of follow-up
      observation. Only three of 10 deaths during the follow-up period were due to
      pituitary disease or treatment.

PMID- 3701420
TI  - Intracranial cavernous angioma: presentation and management.
AB  - Thirteen cases of cerebral cavernous angiomas are reported, and their
      radiological and pathological features are reviewed. The clinical presentation
      was variable: 53.8% of patients had seizures, 30.8% intracerebral hemorrhage, and
      15.4% focal neurological signs, including one unusual case that presented as a
      cerebellopontine angle tumor. The computerized tomography (CT) scans were
      abnormal in all cases. Angiography was positive only when there was mass effect
      due to associated hematoma. Surgery was performed in 12 cases with good results.
      The prognosis of the 13 cases was favorable, with no mortality in this series.
      These data suggest that the combination of a recent seizure disorder with a
      hyperdense intracerebral nodule on the CT scanning should alert the neurosurgeon
      to the possibility of a cavernous angioma.

PMID- 3701421
TI  - Neurological manifestations of intracranial dural arteriovenous malformations.
AB  - The authors describe their experience with four cases of dural arteriovenous
      malformation (AVM) which led them to analyze the clinical aspects of these
      lesions in an attempt to understand their pathophysiology. An additional 191
      previously reported cases of dural AVM's were reviewed with special attention to
      the mechanism of intradural, central, and peripheral nervous system
      manifestations. Apart from the peripheral cranial nerve symptoms, which are most
      likely due to arterial steal, the central nervous system (CNS) symptoms appear to
      be related to passive venous hypertension and/or congestion. Generalized CNS
      symptoms can be related to cerebrospinal fluid malabsorption due either to
      increased pressure in the superior sagittal sinus, to venous sinus thrombosis, or
      to meningeal reaction resulting from minimal subarachnoid hemorrhages. These
      phenomena are not related to the anatomical type of venous drainage. On the other
      hand, focal CNS symptoms are specifically indicative of cortical venous drainage.
      Seizures, transient ischemic attacks, motor weakness, and brain-stem and
      cerebellar symptoms can be encountered depending on the territory of the draining
      vein or veins. Therefore, the localizing value of focal CNS symptomatology
      relates to the venous territory and not to the nidus or to the arterial supply
      characteristics of dural AVM's. Furthermore, the venous patterns of various dural
      AVM's at the base of the skull are expressed by differences in their clinical
      presentation. Dural AVM's of the floor of the anterior cranial fossa and of the
      tentorium are almost always drained by the cortical veins and, therefore, have a
      high risk of intradural bleeding. The remarkable similarities in the
      manifestations of dural and brain AVM's and the differences in the manifestations
      of dural and spinal dural AMV's are pointed out. High-quality angiograms and a
      multidisciplinary approach to the study of dural AVM's will provide the best
      understanding of their symptoms and, therefore, the most appropriate treatment
      strategy.

PMID- 3701422
TI  - The transtorcular embolization of vein of Galen aneurysms.
AB  - Vein of Galen malformations are a diverse group of deeply located high-flow
      vascular lesions that are difficult to eradicate with standard surgical
      techniques. New nonsurgical interventional techniques offer encouraging results
      as alternative therapeutic choices in these complicated vascular shunts. Use of a
      new procedure of transtorcular embolization with Gianturco embolic coils is
      described in three patients harboring vein of Galen aneurysms. Two of the three
      patients had a satisfactory outcome. This technique is simple and quick, and can
      produce progressive thrombosis in these high-flow vascular fistulas.

PMID- 3701423
TI  - Correlation of radiological features to failure of lumbar intervertebral disc
      chemonucleolysis.
AB  - Chemonucleolysis was performed in 103 patients for lumbar disc prolapse. Multiple
      (two) interspaces were injected in only seven patients. Radiographically, all
      patients had myelographic or computerized tomography evidence of disc prolapse.
      Eighty-seven of 100 patients who were available for follow-up review had
      improved. Ten of 13 patients with persistent symptoms required a laminectomy.
      Altered spinal alignment was evident in five of the 13 patients with persistent
      symptoms: retrolisthesis in three and myelographic disc defect on the convex
      aspect of the scoliosis in two. Review of radiographic studies was carried out in
      an attempt to establish guidelines for patient selection so as to decrease the
      rate of failure in chymopapain treatment.

PMID- 3701424
TI  - Effect of naloxone on cerebral perfusion and cardiac performance during
      experimental cerebral ischemia.
AB  - Transient global cerebral ischemia (TGI) was induced in awake rats using the
      "four-vessel" occlusion model of Pulsinelli and Brierley. Blood pressure,
      arterial blood gases, cerebral blood flow, and cardiac output were measured
      during the acute (up to 2 hours) and chronic (2 to 72 hours) postischemic time
      periods. Coincident with the onset of TGI, cardiac output and caudate blood flow
      were depressed. The former returned to baseline within 30 minutes after the
      conclusion of TGI, and the latter progressed to hyperemia at 12 hours (81.8 +/-
      4.9 vs 68.6 +/- 3.9 ml/min/100 gm tissue (mean +/- standard error of the mean]
      and oligemia at 72 hours (45.5 +/- 4.8 ml/min/100 gm tissue) post-TGI in the
      untreated control rats. Arterial blood gases and blood pressure were unchanged.
      Naloxone (1mg/kg) given at the time of TGI or as late as 60 minutes post-TGI and
      every 2 hours thereafter for 24 hours or bilateral cervical vagotomy prevented
      the depression in cardiac output and blocked the hyperemic-oligemic cerebral
      blood flow pattern that was predictive of stroke in this rat model. Changes in
      cardiac output after TGI in this model appear to be mediated by parasympathetic
      pathways to the heart from the brain stem. Opiate receptor blockade probably
      blocks endogenous opioid peptide stimulation of these brain-stem circulatory
      centers, which results in inhibition of parasympathetic activity and improvement
      in cardiac output. The usefulness of naloxone in the treatment of experimental
      stroke may be a function of its ability to improve cerebral perfusion in pressure
      passive cerebrovascular territories. Variations in cardiac output during
      experimental stroke may explain the dissimilar responses to naloxone treatment
      reported by other investigators of experimental stroke.

PMID- 3701425
TI  - Effects of fluid-percussion brain injury on regional cerebral blood flow and pial
      arteriolar diameter.
AB  - The effects of two levels of fluid-percussion brain injury on cerebral blood flow
      (CBF) and pial arteriolar diameter were investigated in cats. Regional CBF was
      measured using the radioactive microsphere technique. Experimental brain injury
      resulted in changes in arterial blood pressure, CBF, and pial arteriolar diameter
      that were related to the severity of the injury. Low-level injury (1.88 +/- 0.11
      atm, mean +/- standard error of the mean) resulted in a slight transient increase
      in CBF which had returned to preinjury levels by 30 minutes. High-level injury
      (2.68 +/- 0.19 atm) resulted in larger, statistically significant (p less than
      0.01) increases in whole-brain CBF, decreases in cerebrovascular resistance, and
      increases in pial arteriolar diameter 1 minute postinjury. One hour after injury,
      CBF had returned to preinjury levels while cerebral perfusion pressure was
      significantly (p less than 0.01) reduced. There was no evidence of reduced CBF in
      any region studied. Pial arterioles dilated during the posttraumatic hypertensive
      period and then returned to control diameters within 1 hour after injury. Changes
      in the diameter of pial arterioles were significantly correlated with
      posttraumatic changes in CBF.

PMID- 3701426
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy in experimental brain edema
      in a rat model.
AB  - Many aspects of the use of high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
      imaging in the examination of brain edema have not been fully explored. These
      include the quantitation of edema fluid, the ability to distinguish between
      various types of edema, and the extent to which tissue changes other than a
      change in water content can affect NMR relaxation times. The authors have
      compared NMR relaxation times obtained by both in vivo magnetic resonance imaging
      (MRI) and in vitro NMR spectroscopy of brain-tissue samples from young adult rats
      with cold lesions, fluid-percussion injury, hypoxic-ischemic injury, bacterial
      cerebritis, and cerebral tumor. Changes in relaxation times were compared with
      changes in brain water content, cerebral blood volume, and the results of
      histological examination. In general, both in vivo and in vitro longitudinal
      relaxation times (T1) and transverse relaxation times (T2) were prolonged in the
      injured hemispheres of all experimental groups. Water content of tissue from the
      injured hemispheres was increased in all groups. A linear correlation between T2
      (but not T1) and water content was found. Changes in the values of T1 and T2
      could be used to distinguish tumor from cold-injured tissue. Cerebral blood
      volume was reduced in the injured hemispheres and correlated inversely with
      prolongation of T1 and T2. The results of this study suggest that, in a clinical
      setting, prolongation of T2 is a better indicator of increased water content than
      prolongation of T1, yet quantitation of cerebral edema based solely upon
      prolongation of in vivo or in vitro T1 and T2 should be undertaken with caution.

PMID- 3701427
TI  - Papillary meningioma involving the oculomotor nerve in an infant. Case report.
AB  - A 6-month-old child with an isolated oculomotor nerve palsy was found to have a
      papillary meningioma infiltrating the nerve along its intracranial course
      adjacent to the midbrain. The clinical implications of this unusual histological
      variant are discussed.

PMID- 3701428
TI  - Delayed brain abscess related to a retained foreign body with culture of
      Clostridium bifermentans. Case report.
AB  - Although it is well documented that retained foreign bodies are associated with
      delayed intracranial abscess, there are few reports of anaerobic organism growth.
      A case is presented in which a left parieto-occipital abscess surrounded a
      metallic fragment implanted when a mortar shell exploded in Vietnam 15 years
      before. The diagnostic evaluation and surgical management of this case are
      presented.

PMID- 3701429
TI  - Table-fixed retractor system for noncranial surgery. Technical note.
AB  - A retractor system based on the principle of table fixation of the retraction
      device has been fabricated and utilized in a broad range of noncranial
      procedures. Based on the refinement of self-retaining brain retractor methods,
      this device allows an atraumatic fixed exposure without the danger of "self
      retained devices" impaling soft tissue and the compromises of hand-held
      retractors.

PMID- 3701430
TI  - A new microclip for vascular occlusion. Technical note.
AB  - A new microclip for use on blood vessels 300 mu to 1 mm in diameter is described.
      This clip is suitable for either temporary or permanent occlusion and has been
      used in experimental applications. Potential clinical applications are described.

PMID- 3701431
TI  - Miniclips and microclips for surgical hemostasis. Technical note.
AB  - The authors have designed a miniclip and a microclip for occlusion of small
      perforating vessels deep in the operative wound. These clips are intended for
      permanent occlusion but may be for temporary hemostasis.

PMID- 3701433
TI  - Brain damage from boxing.

PMID- 3701432
TI  - Free-fat transplants and adhesions.

PMID- 3701434
TI  - Intracranial arachnoid cysts in children.
AB  - The clinical and radiographic findings, surgical treatment, and outcome in 16
      pediatric patients with intracranial arachnoid cysts are reviewed. The clinical
      presentation reflected the anatomical location of the lesions. Computerized
      tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scans were diagnostic in all cases. Of
      the nine cysts treated primarily or secondarily by craniotomy for fenestration
      and drainage into the basilar cisterns, five recurred. Cyst-peritoneal shunting
      led to diminished cyst size and clinical improvement in all seven cases in which
      it was used as the initial treatment and in all four cases in which fenestration
      had been unsuccessful. The results in this series show that cyst-peritoneal
      shunting is the treatment of choice for most intracranial arachnoid cysts in
      children.

PMID- 3701435
TI  - Suprascapular nerve entrapment. A summary of seven cases.
AB  - The suprascapular nerve, formed from the upper trunk of the brachial plexus, can
      be entrapped at the suprascapular notch and result in significant patient
      morbidity. Seven patients with suprascapular nerve palsy are presented, and their
      evaluation, treatment, and outcome over a mean follow-up period of 24 months are
      described. Six of these patients were treated surgically and one medically; all
      experienced good results. In a review of the relevant literature, this entity is
      distinguished from other causes of shoulder pain, the typical presenting signs
      and symptoms are outlined, and the appropriate management of these patients is
      addressed.

PMID- 3701436
TI  - Arteriovenous malformations of the posterior fossa. Clinical presentation,
      diagnostic evaluation, and surgical treatment.
AB  - Infratentorial arteriovenous malformations (AVM's) represent only 5% to 7% of all
      AVM's in major series. Since 1977, 32 patients with intracranial intradural
      malformations of the brain stem or cerebellum have been evaluated at the
      University of Texas Health Science Center, 30 of whom underwent surgical
      treatment. Twenty-three patients presented with intracranial hemorrhage, which
      was recurrent in 11 cases, and nine patients were evaluated for progressive brain
      stem or cerebellar deficits. A history of progressive deficits was unusual in the
      group that presented with hemorrhage, and a prior or subsequent hemorrhage was
      rare in the patients initially evaluated for progressive deficits. Seventeen of
      these AVM's were located in the vermis, seven within the cerebellar hemisphere,
      two in the tonsil, two in the cerebellopontine angle, and four within the brain
      stem. Operative intervention was directed at primary resection in 15 cases,
      staged resection in seven, embolization and resection in five, and evacuation of
      hematoma in three. Operative mortality in this surgical series was 7%, with
      significant morbidity in 13%. Use of modern microsurgical techniques in removal
      of posterior fossa AVM's may offer results better than the natural history of the
      disease process, especially in patients who present with hemorrhage.

PMID- 3701437
TI  - Management of arteriovenous malformations of the brain stem.
AB  - In a series of 250 intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVM's), 12
      malformations involved the brain stem. Nine of these lesions were treated
      surgically, with complete obliteration in eight. There were no operative deaths,
      and only two patients were made worse by surgery. In the nonsurgically treated
      group, one patient had embolization therapy and two patients underwent radiation
      therapy. Results in these three patients have not been satisfactory. These data
      indicate that brain-stem AVM's can be surgically removed with acceptable
      morbidity.

PMID- 3701438
TI  - Operative management of tumors involving the cavernous sinus.
AB  - In the past, neurosurgeons have been reluctant to operate on tumors involving the
      cavernous sinus because of the possibility of bleeding from the venous plexus or
      injury to the internal carotid artery (ICA) or the third, fourth, or sixth
      cranial nerves. The authors describe techniques for a more aggressive surgical
      approach to neoplasms in this area that are either benign or locally confined
      malignant lesions. During the last 2 years, seven tumors involving the cavernous
      sinus have been resected: six totally and one subtotally. The preoperative
      evaluation included axial and coronal computerized tomography, cerebral
      angiography, and a balloon-occlusion test of the ICA. Intraoperative monitoring
      of the third, fourth, sixth, and seventh cranial nerves was used to assist in
      locating the nerves and in avoiding injury to them. The first major step in the
      operative procedure was to obtain proximal control of the ICA at the petrous apex
      and distal control in the supraclinoid segment. The cavernous sinus was then
      opened by a lateral, superior, or inferior approach for tumor resection.
      Temporary clipping and suture of the ICA was necessary in one patient. None of
      the patients died or suffered a stroke postoperatively. Permanent trigeminal
      nerve injury occurred in three patients; in two, this was the result of tumor
      invasion. One patient suffered temporary paralysis of the third, fourth, and
      sixth cranial nerves, and in another the sixth cranial nerve was temporarily
      paralyzed. Preoperative cranial nerve deficits were improved postoperatively in
      three patients. Radiation therapy was administered postoperatively to four
      patients. These seven patients have been followed for 6 to 18 months to date and
      none has shown evidence of recurrence of the intracavernous tumor.

PMID- 3701439
TI  - Assessment of nutritional requirements of head-injured patients.
AB  - A nomogram is presented for estimation of energy expenditure at the bedside in
      comatose patients during the first 2 weeks after brain injury. In analysis of 312
      days of energy expenditure in 57 patients, a combination of Glasgow Coma Scale
      (GCS) score, heart rate (HR), and days since injury (DSI) was found with multiple
      regression analysis to provide good prediction of resting metabolic expenditure
      (RME) according to the following relationship: %RME = 152 - 14(GCS score) +
      0.4(HR) + 7(DSI) (n = 111, r = 0.7, p less than 0.001). In non-comatose patients,
      predictive ability was less strong due to inability to measure truly rested
      values, but HR and GCS score could be used to predict energy expenditure by this
      relationship: %RME = 90 - 3 (GCS score) + 0.9 (HR) (n = 135, r = 0.47, p less
      than 0.001). In six patients, paralysis was found to decrease energy expenditure
      to between 100% and 125% of expected. Movement or stimulation had little effect
      on energy expenditure in patients who could localize stimuli but increased rested
      values by 20% in posturing patients. Analysis of fasted balance periods of
      nitrogen excretion in 22 patients based on 273 days of measurement showed a
      significant relationship between creatinine-height index (an index of muscle
      mass) and nitrogen excretion, but no relationship between nitrogen excretion and
      weight, temperature, and RME. Levels of retention of nitrogen with feeding could
      not be predicted by any of these variables. Feeding of the individual comatose
      patient is best guided at present by estimation of energy expenditure using a
      nomogram and periodic measurement of urinary nitrogen excretion.

PMID- 3701440
TI  - Risk factors for postoperative neurosurgical wound infection. A case-control
      study.
AB  - A case-control analysis was performed to evaluate the association of 15 potential
      risk factors with postoperative infection in neurosurgical patients. All
      infections that developed postoperatively on the neurosurgical service at the
      University of Minnesota from January, 1970, to March, 1984, were identified.
      Among the 9202 operations performed during that time, 101 infections occurred for
      a rate of 1.1%. Three risk factors showed significant association with
      postoperative infection: cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, concurrent noncentral
      nervous system (CNS) infection, and perioperative antibiotic therapy. The
      presence of a CSF leak and a concurrent non-CNS infection increased the estimated
      relative risk of infection to 13:1 and 6:1, respectively. The use of
      perioperative antibiotics was associated with a decrease in the risk of infection
      to approximately 20% of the control level. Three other risk factors (paranasal
      sinus entry, placement of a foreign body, and use of a postoperative drain)
      appeared to be associated with increased risk of infection, although statistical
      significance was not demonstrated. None of the remaining nine risk factors
      studied showed any suggestion of increased risk of infection.

PMID- 3701441
TI  - Reduced platelet function in subarachnoid hemorrhage.
AB  - The hypothesis that abnormalities of platelet function may relate to the
      occurrence or recurrence of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has been examined.
      Seventy patients with SAH and 65 control individuals were studied. The adenosine
      diphosphate (ADP) threshold for secondary platelet aggregation was significantly
      higher in the SAH group than in the controls. In tests using 4.0 micrograms/ml
      ADP, the percent platelet aggregation (at 2 minutes) and the maximum rate of
      platelet aggregation (over 20 seconds) were significantly lower in the SAH
      patients. There was no difference in total platelet count between the two groups.
      Platelet adhesiveness was lower in the SAH patients when compared to controls.
      Circulating microaggregates did not differ between the two groups. The results
      indicate that reduced platelet function does relate to SAH and may either
      contribute to aneurysmal rupture in cases of SAH or be a consequence of it.

PMID- 3701442
TI  - BSS Plus: a potential irrigating solution for neurosurgery.
AB  - BSS Plus is a pH-stable balanced salt solution similar to glutathione bicarbonate
      Ringer's solution. Extensively used in ophthalmology, it is of potential value in
      neurosurgery. In comparative tests of its effectiveness, 28 cats underwent
      bilateral irrigation of the surface of the cerebral cortex with normal saline on
      one side and BSS Plus on the other. After 2 hours, a marked decrease was seen in
      the surface pH of the hemisphere irrigated with normal saline but not of the
      hemisphere treated with BSS Plus. Blood-brain barrier changes (measured with
      Evans blue dye techniques) were more evident following saline irrigation.
      Somatosensory evoked potentials and cerebral blood flow were not significantly
      altered. Conventional light microscopy using three standard stains did not reveal
      a significant difference. Transmission electron microscopy studies were performed
      in 14 animals and scanning electron microscopy in six. In five animals both
      transmission and scanning electron microscopy studies were conducted after
      irrigation with both agents without a cottonoid cover and with immediate harvest
      of superficial layers from the living brain and immersion-fixation in
      glutaraldehyde. Tissue preservation was superior on the BSS Plus side in all
      studies. This agent may represent an improved irrigation solution for
      neurosurgery, but further studies are required.

PMID- 3701443
TI  - Laser photochemotherapy of rhodamine-123 sensitized human glioma cells in vitro.
AB  - The photochemotherapeutic effect of the mitochondria-specific dye rhodamine-123
      (Rh-123) on human glioma cells in culture was studied. Cultured U-251MG glioma
      cells were incubated for 30 minutes in 10 micrograms/ml of Rh-123 and then
      exposed to blue-green light between 488 and 514.5 nm using a continuous-wave
      argon laser. Cells that were treated with Rh-123 and the argon laser at power
      densities less than 200 mW/sq cm demonstrated increasing tumor-cell killing with
      increasing time of exposure to laser light. Tumor-cell killing achieved with
      power densities of light less than 200 mW/sq cm was shown to be due solely to a
      photochemical effect and not to a direct (thermal) effect of the laser. The
      photochemical effect was dependent upon the intracellular concentration of Rh-123
      and the length of light exposure, and not the intensity of light. The selective
      retention of Rh-123 by glioma cells and its exclusion from normal cells in
      conjunction with its photoactivated cytotoxicity suggest that Rh-123 may be a
      useful photosensitizing drug for the treatment of malignant gliomas in situ.

PMID- 3701444
TI  - Reaction of rabbit lateral periventricular tissue to shunt tubing implants.
AB  - The reaction of the periventricular tissue of the lateral ventricle to silicone
      rubber shunt tubing was studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy.
      Nonfunctioning shunt tubing was implanted bilaterally into the frontal horns of
      rabbits, which were then sacrificed at postoperative intervals of 3 days to 16
      weeks. Colchicine was used to study mitotic activity at the 3-day to 4-week
      postimplantation intervals. Reactive changes that occurred in the periventricular
      tissue correlated with the degree of contact with the implant and also with the
      duration of the postoperative period. Ependymal cells underwent progressive
      attenuation and sloughed completely in the most severely affected areas.
      Prominent gliosis in the subependyma accompanied the ependymal changes. The
      ventricular surface directly adjacent to holes in the implant developed ependyma
      covered glial evaginations which grew into the implant holes beginning 1 week
      postimplantation. In the region of the outgrowths, ependymal mitotic activity was
      significantly increased at 1 and 2 weeks postimplantation. and astroglial mitotic
      activity was increased at 3 days and 1 week. Proliferation of ependymal and glial
      cells in the area touching the shunt tubing and mechanical factors contributed to
      the development of cellular outgrowths which may be a factor in the pathogenesis
      of shunt obstruction in human hydrocephalus.

PMID- 3701445
TI  - Effect of vasopressin on cold-induced brain edema in cats.
AB  - Centrally released arginine vasopressin (AVP) has been implicated in the
      regulation of intracranial pressure (ICP) and brain water, and is elevated in the
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of some patients with pseudotumor cerebri or
      subarachnoid hemorrhage. The authors have examined the relationship of AVP levels
      in CSF to ICP and brain water content in three experimental groups of cats with
      and without cold-induced vasogenic edema. With the cats under general anesthesia,
      a cold lesion was made and cannulas were placed in the cisterna magna, lateral
      ventricle, and aorta. Subsequent central and systemic measurements were made
      while the animals were awake and free-roaming. In Experiment 1, endogenous AVP
      levels in CSF were measured every 12 hours over a 48-hour period by
      radioimmunoassay in cats with sham craniotomy, mild edema, or moderate edema; no
      significant difference was found between groups although a diurnal variation was
      seen (range 2 to 18 pg/ml). In Experiment 2, either carrier solution or AVP, in
      doses of 1.5 or 30 ng, was administered via a lateral ventricle every 2 hours
      over 24 hours in unlesioned cats. In Experiment 3, cats received 2 or 35 ng of
      carrier solution or AVP in a similar manner, but coupled with a cold lesion. The
      CSF AVP levels ranged from an average of 100 to 681 pg/ml and 1.4 to 11.9 ng/ml
      in the two dose groups in both experiments. Neither the low nor the high dose had
      an effect on brain water content in normal white matter (Experiment 2), but both
      doses increased brain water content in edematous white matter (p less than 0.05
      in Experiment 3), as determined by wet and dry weight measurements of
      standardized pieces of white matter. The ICP was decreased by high-dose AVP in
      normal cats (p less than 0.01 at 24 hours), but in lesioned cats was unchanged by
      low-dose and increased by high-dose AVP (p less than 0.05 at 18 hours). The
      authors conclude that pharmacological doses of central AVP facilitate the
      production of vasogenic edema.

PMID- 3701446
TI  - Radiological and pathological aspects of dural arteriovenous fistulas. Case
      report.
AB  - A case of dural arteriovenous (AV) fistula is presented with detailed
      radiological and pathological findings. The complex hemodynamic alterations that
      may result from dural AV fistulas are described. Pathological examination in this
      case demonstrated widespread occlusion of the superior sagittal sinus with
      multiple abnormal fistulous communications between abnormal arteries and
      arterialized veins. A portion of the lesion resembled a recanalized blood clot,
      in support of the theory proposed by others that dural AV fistulas are acquired
      lesions.

PMID- 3701447
TI  - Primary leptomeningeal ependymoblastoma. Case report.
AB  - Ependymoblastoma is considered to be a primitive malignant glioma with ependymal
      differentiation. This rare tumor occurs in very early life and shows rapid growth
      and a diffuse infiltration through the leptomeningeal space. The tumor cells are
      highly immature, with numerous mitoses and multilayered ependymal rosettes. The
      ependymoblastoma described in this report was found in a 17-year-old girl. In
      spite of detailed clinical and postmortem examinations, no definite primary site
      was identified in the neuraxis. The lesion spread predominantly throughout the
      leptomeningeal space. Histological analysis strongly suggested that this tumor
      originated from a heterotopic glial nest in the subarachnoid space. The absence
      of immunohistochemical neural tissue markers, glial fibrillary acidic protein, S
      100 protein, neuron-specific enolase, and neurofilaments ruled out neuronal or
      glial differentiation. The authors were unable to find any previous report of
      primary leptomeningeal ependymoblastoma.

PMID- 3701448
TI  - Large intramedullary lipoma of the cervical cord and posterior fossa. Case
      report.
AB  - A large intramedullary lipoma of the cervical cord extending into the posterior
      fossa is reported in a 7-year-old boy. Magnetic resonance imaging was very useful
      for delineation of the anatomy of the lipoma as an aid in planning the operation.

PMID- 3701449
TI  - Temporalis myofascial repair of traumatic defects of the anterior fossa.
      Technical note.
AB  - Bilateral temporalis myofascial flaps in continuity with frontal periosteum can
      be used in repairing extensive dural and bone defects of the anterior cranial
      fossa floor. The technique of preserving and using this flap is described and
      offers an alternative to the use of frontal pericranial tissue for repair of
      anterior dural defects.

PMID- 3701450
TI  - Tremor following peripheral nerve injury.

PMID- 3701451
TI  - "High-dose" methylprednisolone and CNS injury.

PMID- 3701452
TI  - False-negative results from intraoperative SSEP's.

PMID- 3701453
TI  - Pneumocephalus in patients with CSF shunts.

PMID- 3701454
TI  - Social responsibilities of nutritionists.

PMID- 3701455
TI  - Effects of excess dietary tyrosine or certain xenobiotics on the
      cholesterogenesis in rats.
AB  - Comparison of the effects of excess dietary tyrosine, DDT, chlorobutanol
      (Chloretone) or butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) on serum cholesterol, hepatic
      activities of the rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterol synthesis,3-hydroxy-3
      methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (EC 1.1.1.34) and in vivo rates of the
      hepatic cholesterol synthesis measured by 3H2O incorporation were investigated in
      rats. Serum cholesterol concentration was significantly higher in rats fed the
      DDT, chlorobutanol, BHA or excess tyrosine diets than in rats fed the control
      diet for 7 days. Serum cholesterol concentration remained higher compared to
      control rats when excess tyrosine was fed for 21 d. When rats were fed a basal
      diet after feeding a tyrosine excess diet for 2 wk, liver weight and serum
      cholesterol level returned to normal within 7 d. The incorporation of 3H2O into
      liver cholesterol and the activity of liver 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A
      reductase were greater in rats fed excess tyrosine or certain xenobiotics than in
      control rats. Present results suggested that the increase in serum cholesterol
      concentration due to excess dietary tyrosine or certain xenobiotics is mainly
      attributable to the stimulation of liver cholesterol synthesis.

PMID- 3701456
TI  - The influence of high glycine diets on the activity of glycine-catabolizing
      enzymes and on glycine catabolism in rats.
AB  - Male albino rats were adapted to isocaloric purified diets that differed mainly
      in their glycine and casein contents. Controls received a 30% casein diet. In
      experimental diets gelatin or gelatin hydrolysate was substituted for half of the
      30% casein. An additional group was fed a glycine-supplemented diet, which
      corresponded in glycine level to the gelatin diet but in which the protein level
      was nearly the same as that of the casein control diet. Another group received a
      15% casein diet. Rat liver glycine cleavage system, serine
      hydroxymethyltransferase and serine dehydratase activities were measured. 14CO2
      production from the catabolism of 14C-labeled glycine was measured in vivo and in
      vitro (from isolated hepatocytes). Serine dehydratase and glycine cleavage system
      activities were higher in animals fed 30% casein diets than in those fed 15%
      casein diets. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase activity of the cytosolic and
      mitochondrial fractions was highest when a high glycine diet (glycine
      administered as pure, protein bound in gelatin or peptide bound in gelatin
      hydrolysate) was fed. 14CO2 formation from [1-14C]- and [2-14C]glycine both in
      vivo and in isolated hepatocytes was higher when a high glycine diet was fed than
      when a casein diet was fed. These results suggest that glycine catabolism is
      dependent on and adaptable to the glycine content of the diet. Serine
      hydroxymethyltransferase appears to play a major role in the regulation of
      glycine degradation via serine and pyruvate.

PMID- 3701457
TI  - Effect of metabolizable sugars on the mucosal surface pH of rat intestine.
AB  - In a layer juxtaposed to the mucosal surface of distal duodenum and of jejunum,
      and designated as "acid microclimate," the proton concentration is significantly
      higher than in the bulk phase of the intestinal lumen. The aim of the present
      study was to quantify the effect of different sugars on the mucosal surface pH
      value when these substrates were either added to the in vitro preparation of rat
      distal duodenal and mid-jejunal segments or administered by intragastric
      intubation and by i.v. infusion. All pH measurements were carried out in vitro by
      surface microelectrodes in oxygenated phosphate buffer. Glucose, fructose,
      mannose, galactose and 3-O-methylglucose were applied in vitro, glucose, maltose,
      fructose, galactose, 3-O-methylglucose and whey protein for the intragastric
      intubation and glucose, fructose and galactose for the intravenous infusion. Only
      substrates that could be metabolized in the intestinal epithelia were able to
      depress surface pH to a considerable extent. Substrate concentration at which
      half-maximum decrease of surface pH was obtained (K delta pH) was calculated to
      be 4.5 mM for glucose, 14.5 mM for fructose and 34.5 mM for mannose. The study
      was the first to demonstrate that metabolizable sugars are not only able to lower
      surface pH of intestinal epithelia when they are added in vitro but that they are
      also effective after intragastric intubation or i.v. infusion. It is plausible
      that generation of the protons, which are secreted into the acid microclimate
      zone, is closely related to the intracellular metabolization of glucose. The
      existence of a high proton concentration on the immediate mucosal surface could
      be of considerable significance for the absorption of weak electrolytes, a group
      to which different nutrients belong.

PMID- 3701458
TI  - Interaction of dietary carbohydrate, ascorbic acid and copper with the
      development of copper deficiency in rats.
AB  - The effects of dietary carbohydrate and ascorbic acid on the development of
      copper deficiency were investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 48) were fed
      one of eight diets in a 2 X 2 X 2 factorial design for 21 d. These diets varied
      in copper (1.11 or 8.96 micrograms Cu/g diet), carbohydrate (sucrose or
      cornstarch, 62.3%) and ascorbic acid (0 or 1%). Compared to controls, copper
      deficient rats had lower hematocrit and ceruloplasmin levels, lower levels of
      copper and iron in several tissues, higher heart weights and lower spleen
      weights. During copper deficiency, liver iron levels were higher than control
      levels when cornstarch, but not sucrose, was the carbohydrate source, while liver
      and gastrointestinal tract weights were higher with sucrose compared to
      cornstarch. Copper-deficient rats fed ascorbic acid had significantly (P less
      than 0.05) lower hematocrits when fed sucrose compared to starch [29.6 +/- 1.2
      vs. 36.8 +/- 1.2 g/dl (mean +/- SEM), respectively]. In copper-deficient rats,
      sucrose tended to lower the apparent absorption of copper compared to cornstarch,
      while ascorbic acid reduced the apparent absorption of iron. Thus, sucrose and
      ascorbic acid appeared to reduce hematocrit levels through effects on mineral
      absorption.

PMID- 3701459
TI  - The response of selenium-deficient mice to Candida albicans infection.
AB  - The effects of selenium deficiency on the responses to Candida albicans infection
      were examined in mice. When selenium-deficient and selenium-supplemented mice
      were given i.v. injections of 0.1 ml suspensions of 1 X 10(5) or 5 X 10(4) C.
      albicans in 0.9% sterile saline, deaths in the selenium-deficient animals started
      after 2.5-3.5 d compared with 7-8.5 d in the selenium-supplemented animals.
      Further studies demonstrated that 3 d after an i.v. injection of 1 X 10(5) C.
      albicans, significantly more of the microorganisms were found in the kidneys (P
      less than 0.001), livers (P less than 0.025) and spleens (P less than 0.01) of
      the selenium-deficient mice compared with the same organs of selenium
      supplemented animals. Selenium deficiency was also demonstrated to impair the
      ability of mouse neutrophils to kill C. albicans in in vitro tests. The possible
      relationships of this defect in function to decreased resistance to C. albicans
      infection is discussed.

PMID- 3701460
TI  - Tissue distribution and excretion of copper-67 intraperitoneally administered to
      rats fed fructose or starch.
AB  - It has been suggested that impaired gut absorption of copper is the cause of the
      exacerbated copper deficiency signs in rats fed fructose when compared to rats
      fed starch. The present study was designed to examine how rats fed fructose or
      starch diets, either copper-deficient or supplemented, distributed and excreted
      67Cu when the isotope was administered i.p. Intraperitoneal administration was
      chosen in an effort to circumvent primary gut absorption as a factor in the
      metabolism of 67Cu. After 7 wk of dietary treatment, rats received an i.p.
      injection of 67Cu and were placed in metabolic cages for 4 d. Regardless of
      dietary carbohydrate, copper-deficient rats retained similar levels of
      radioactivity in various tissues and excreted similar amounts of 67Cu in feces
      and urine. This similarity in copper metabolism in copper-deficient rats fed
      either fructose or starch when the gut was circumvented for isotope
      administration suggests that the gut could be responsible, at least in part, for
      the exacerbated signs associated with the copper deficiency in rats fed fructose.
      The possibility is discussed that alterations in metabolism may increase the
      requirement for copper when fructose is the main dietary carbohydrate.

PMID- 3701461
TI  - Glucose absorption and hepatic gluconeogenesis in dairy cows fed diets varying in
      forage content.
AB  - One dry and four lactating Holstein cows were prepared with chronic catheters in
      the mesenteric, hepatic and portal veins and used to study glucose absorption and
      hepatic gluconeogenesis. The dry cow was used in a preliminary assessment of the
      methods. In the main experiment high concentrate and high forage diets, providing
      equal energy intake, were delivered in hourly portions from an automatic feeder
      as total mixed rations. A few data were collected with the high concentrate
      ration fed ad libitum in early lactation. A few additional observations were made
      with limited feed intake by using the same cows subsequent to the main
      experiment. Portal and hepatic vein blood flow rates were determined by using
      para-aminohippuric acid. Glucose entry rates were significantly higher during ad
      libitum feeding of the high concentrate diet than during feeding of the two diets
      with restricted intake. There was no difference between high concentrate and high
      forage diets when fed at equal energy intakes. Net glucose appearance in portal
      blood was demonstrated. Data from this study and from the literature were used to
      develop general relationships between digestible energy intake and 1) portal vein
      blood flow, 2) rate of portal appearance of glucose and 3) total splanchnic
      glucose entry rate.

PMID- 3701462
TI  - Long-term validation of 1 g of protein per kilogram body weight from a
      predominantly vegetable mixed diet to meet the requirements of young adult males.
AB  - Eight healthy young men participated in a 90-d metabolic balance study designed
      to assess the adequacy of 1 g of protein (N X 6.25) per kilogram body weight per
      day provided by a predominantly vegetable diet. The mean gross energy intake of
      the subjects was 49 kcal/(kg X d). The individuals received the experimental diet
      for eleven 8-d experimental periods. Three isoenergetic, isonitrogenous meals
      were served at 0800, 1200 and 1900. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical
      determinations in blood were made at the beginning of the study and afterwards at
      regular 15-d intervals. Body weight was measured daily. The mean overall weight
      change for the group was -0.8 kg. The mean daily urinary nitrogen output
      decreased from an initial value of 134.6 mg/(kg X d) to a final figure of 115.1
      mg/(kg X d) (P less than 0.01), while the daily fecal N decreased from 31.5 to
      26.3 mg/(kg X d) (P less than 0.05). Mean cumulative nitrogen balances were
      slightly positive for seven out of the eight individuals with an overall mean
      nitrogen balance value of +6.7 mg N/(kg X d). Biochemical and hematological
      values showed no significant changes throughout the study, except for a decrease
      in serum cholesterol. It is concluded that the "Chilean" mixed diet fed at the
      level of 1 g of protein per kilogram body weight per day with sufficient energy
      meets the long-term protein-energy needs of healthy young men, thus supporting
      the 1984 FAO/WHO/UNU safe recommended daily protein allowance of 0.75 g of
      reference protein, with a correction for the lower digestibility of vegetable
      sources.

PMID- 3701464
TI  - Very low calorie diets: getting sick or remaining healthy on a handful of
      calories.

PMID- 3701463
TI  - Oral and intraperitoneal administration of N-acetylneuraminic acid: effect on rat
      cerebral and cerebellar N-acetylneuraminic acid.
AB  - Rat pups were administered N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA) by i.p. injection or
      via a feeding catheter for eight consecutive days beginning on d 14 of life. All
      pups were given the identical dose: 1.0 mg on d 1 and 2 and 1.2 mg on the
      remaining days, or approximately 20 mg/kg body weight per day. A control group
      was injected i.p. with glucose instead of NANA. On the morning of d 25, pups were
      decapitated, and the heads were frozen immediately in liquid nitrogen. The brains
      were later dissected and analyzed for both cerebral and cerebellar ganglioside
      and glycoprotein NANA. Administration of NANA by both oral and i.p. routes
      resulted in significantly more cerebral and cerebellar ganglioside and
      glycoprotein NANA than did glucose injection (with the exception of cerebellar
      glycoprotein NANA after NANA intubation). There were no significant differences
      in NANA concentration in these brain fractions for the two routes of NANA
      administration.

PMID- 3701466
TI  - Role of corporate policy in the control of reproductive hazards of the workplace.
AB  - Corporations are responsible for providing workplaces that will not cause harm to
      employees. Other than in very small companies, there is a recognized need for the
      corporation to establish and make known policies on various subjects. A policy
      statement about employee exposures is recommended, along with several paragraphs
      describing the methods of implementing the policy statement. This information is
      important in large corporations so that all concerned know the intent of those
      responsible for the affairs of the corporation. Special attention is given to the
      subject of potential hazards to reproductive functions of employees or to their
      unborn children.

PMID- 3701465
TI  - Essentiality of histidine and muscle carnosine in adult mice.

PMID- 3701467
TI  - Inhibition of esterase activity and an undercounting of circulating monocytes in
      a population of production workers.
AB  - A cross-sectional review of routine employee health status examinations has
      identified an undercounting of circulating monocytes associated with an
      inhibition of a surface monocyte esterase, alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase. It
      is postulated that this inhibition is associated with an organophosphate used in
      the production process. Correlation with routine measures of health status are
      presented.

PMID- 3701468
TI  - The prevalence of health risks in an employed population.
AB  - To optimize use of the limited resources of the Tennessee State Employee Health
      Service, health risk and abnormality rates were tabulated for employees screened
      in the multiphasic screening program in 1983. Histories and health questionnaires
      revealed many more preventable or correctable health risks and abnormalities than
      did laboratory or physiologic tests or physical examinations. No previously
      unknown abnormalities were located by physical examination alone. The authors
      conclude that health history, risk appraisal, and counseling may be the most
      productive elements of a preventive screening program for employed groups, as
      well as for the general population.

PMID- 3701469
TI  - ICWU cancer control education and evaluation program: research design and needs
      assessment.
AB  - The International Chemical Workers Union is implementing a 3-year nationwide
      field experiment in cancer prevention education. The educational program includes
      three stages: generalized cancer control education, education tailored to each
      local union, and an interactive monitoring system designed to provide ongoing
      communication and reinforcement for desired cancer control behaviors among local
      unions and their members. These alternative educational approaches will be
      systematically evaluated using a randomized factorial study design involving more
      than 120 local unions. The need for such a program is demonstrated by the results
      of a needs assessment survey of 690 union members. Respondents expressed strong
      concern regarding possible carcinogen exposures at the work site, combined with
      generally low ratings of co-worker knowledge of and adherence to appropriate
      cancer control behaviors. Engineering controls and personal protective equipment
      were reported to be inadequate in many work sites.

PMID- 3701470
TI  - Health insurance claims of petrochemical company employees.
AB  - This paper describes a morbidity data base for epidemiologic studies which uses
      information from health insurance claims. Strengths of the data base include
      completeness and relatively low cost. A limitation is the length of time needed
      for all claims to be received and processed: rates generated using current
      information are lower than they will be after all claims are processed.
      Nevertheless, internal comparisons can presently be made using such rates.
      Examples illustrate differences in claims experience according to employees'
      smoking habits and according to kind of job.

PMID- 3701471
TI  - Visits to a hospital-based employee health service.

PMID- 3701472
TI  - A mortality evaluation of employees with potential exposure to methyl isocyanate.

PMID- 3701473
TI  - Colon cancer in the automobile industry.

PMID- 3701474
TI  - Isocyanate effects.

PMID- 3701475
TI  - Hospitalizations for accidents and injuries in the US Navy: environmental and
      occupational factors.
AB  - An epidemiologic analysis of accidental injury hospitalizations was conducted to
      determine if risk varied by seniority, cause, or duty status for major
      operational and support activities in the US Navy. Computerized archival medical
      data were used to select all male enlisted personnel who were hospitalized due to
      an accidental injury during the period 1977 to 1979 (N = 21,295). Comparison of
      hospitalization rates between shore-based and sea-based personnel revealed that
      duty aboard destroyers, replenishment ships, and conventional carriers
      significantly increased an individual's risk of injury. An inverse relationship
      was observed between injury risk and seniority. Athletic, automobile, and
      motorcycle accidents accounted for 63% of all off-duty hospitalizations;
      machinery, falls, and miscellaneous accidents were the most frequent (56%) causes
      of on-duty hospitalizations. A positive and significant correlation observed
      between on-duty and off-duty hospitalizations suggests that common personal
      attributes may operate in both settings to exacerbate injury risk. Identification
      of high-risk groups will help focus preventive and corrective efforts.

PMID- 3701476
TI  - Risk of hepatitis B in hospital personnel.
AB  - Between Jan 1, 1981, and Aug 31, 1983, 1,323 Ohio State University Hospital
      employees were screened for hepatitis B. There were 105 employees (cases) with
      present or past evidence of hepatitis B virus infection, and 210 randomly
      selected employees (controls) with no evidence of hepatitis B virus infection.
      Using logistic regression analyses to develop a risk index, the best predictive
      model indicated that nonwhites, males, discontinuity of employment, and frequency
      of contact with blood products constituted the most important risk factors in
      acquiring hepatitis B virus infections. Those with no blood product contact were
      at higher risk than those exposed to blood products. Thus, although there was a
      gradient of risk among those exposed to blood products, the findings suggest
      other factors may contribute more substantially to the risk than the exposure
      variables tested.

PMID- 3701477
TI  - Energy costs of simulated stair climbing as a job-related task in fire fighting.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to determine the energy requirement of
      simulated stair climbing. Metabolic costs of climbing stairs in getting to the
      scene of a fire can be very demanding for fire personnel. Heart rate and oxygen
      consumption were measured on 17 fire fighters during each of three conditions:
      (1) stair climbing without fire-fighting uniform or equipment, (2) stair climbing
      with fire-fighting uniform and equipment, and (3) pedaling a bicycle ergometer in
      a graded maximal exercise test. These three conditions were designed to determine
      (1) baseline reference values, (2) actual work task measures, and (3) maximum
      reference values. Results showed that climbing stairs with an 8-inch rise at 60
      steps per minute with fire fighter's uniform and equipment (86.5 pounds) for five
      minutes required heart rates to reach 95% (84 to 100) of maximum effort, and
      oxygen consumption measures were found to be 80% (63 to 97) of maximum. It was
      concluded for the personnel studied that the rate of energy cost of climbing a
      simulated staircase with uniform and equipment required an ability to consume at
      least 2.7 L of oxygen per minute and 39 mL/kg/min.

PMID- 3701478
TI  - Investigation of lung cancer among female cosmetologists.
AB  - Using a population-based cancer registry to identify subjects, a case-control
      study of female cosmetologists in Los Angeles County was conducted to investigate
      possible occupational and environmental causes for the elevated lung cancer risk
      found in this group. A standardized questionnaire was administered to proxy
      informants for decreased lung cancer patients and decreased nonpulmonary cancer
      control patients. No associations between lung cancer and specific beauty shop
      tasks, beauty product use, or environmental exposures were observed in the crude
      analysis or after controlling for smoking status. Case subjects had held more
      jobs outside of cosmetology than control subjects, but these jobs did not appear
      to be associated with any known hazardous exposures. Despite the elevated risk of
      lung cancer among female cosmetologists, researchers were unable to relate this
      excess to any specific occupational tasks or exposures. The excess of lung cancer
      in cosmetologists is most likely accounted for by a higher frequency of smoking
      in this occupational group.

PMID- 3701480
TI  - Establishing eligibility for examination in the specialty of occupational
      medicine.

PMID- 3701479
TI  - Cumulative exposure to arsenic and its relationship to respiratory cancer among
      copper smelter employees.
AB  - To explore the role of arsenic as a human carcinogen, the respiratory cancer
      mortality experience (1938 to 1977) of 8,045 while male smelter employees in
      Montana was examined relative to cumulative exposure to arsenic trioxide and was
      compared with that of the white male population of the same region. Exposure to
      arsenic was estimated for various work areas from industrial hygiene reports of
      average concentrations present in the smelter. Respiratory cancer mortality was
      analyzed further by time period of first employment and maximum lifetime exposure
      to arsenic trioxide. When exposure was estimated with arithmetic means of
      measured concentrations among men first employed prior to 1925, respiratory
      cancer mortality increased linearly with increasing cumulative exposure group,
      ranging from two to nine times expected; among those first employed in the period
      1925 to 1947 it also increased linearly with increasing cumulative exposure
      group.

PMID- 3701482
TI  - The analysis of matched studies.

PMID- 3701481
TI  - Perception of blackness.
AB  - We sought to measure the mechanisms underlying the perception of blackness in the
      following way. A central spot (45') of fixed luminance was surrounded by a dark
      ring (7.5'), and surrounding all was an annular zone (30') of light. This
      stimulus was presented in Maxwellian view for 0.5 sec every 3 sec. The radiance
      of the annulus required to make the central area (spot and ring) appear uniformly
      black was measured for different wavelengths (440-660 nm) of the annulus. These
      measurements were made for test spots that were either broadband or of wavelength
      480, 500, 580, or 660 nm. In all conditions the measured spectral efficiency of
      induced blackness matched the inverse of the V lambda function. Using the same
      stimulus, we have also measured increment-threshold functions. For a fixed
      luminance of the spot, the radiance of the surrounding annulus required to bring
      the central spot to threshold was measured. These increment-threshold functions
      do not match the V lambda or blackness functions. Our results show that induced
      blackness is inversely related to the luminous efficiency function and that the
      spectral efficiency of induced blackness is distinct from the increment-threshold
      function measured under these conditions. Furthermore, blackness appears to be
      independent of the wavelengths of the inducing annulus as well as of the central
      spot. Thus these results link induced blackness to the luminance pathway and
      argue against the involvement of the chromatic pathways in the perception of
      blackness.

PMID- 3701483
TI  - Nutrition and its relationship to runners.

PMID- 3701484
TI  - [Meniere's disease among the aged].

PMID- 3701485
TI  - [Cytologic diagnosis of laryngeal diseases].

PMID- 3701486
TI  - [On the ethmoidomaxillary plate].

PMID- 3701487
TI  - [Hearing after tympanomastoidectomy].

PMID- 3701488
TI  - [A cytological study of effusions in children with otitis media with effusion].

PMID- 3701489
TI  - [Histopathological study of parotid adenolymphoma].

PMID- 3701490
TI  - The validity of negative necropsy reports for metastases in solid organs.
AB  - This communication concerns the statistical significance of negative reports,
      when solid organs are examined for metastases deep to their surfaces, by standard
      slicing techniques at necropsy. By taking into account factors influencing tumour
      detection including slice thickness, metastatic tumour size and number, the
      probabilities of incidence of false negative reports may be calculated and values
      for the undetected tumour bulk may be obtained. A graph is reproduced which
      facilitates the assessment.

PMID- 3701491
TI  - Light and ultrastructural features of lymphoepithelial lesions of the salivary
      glands in Mikulicz's disease.
AB  - This investigation deals with the histogenesis of the so-called 'epimyoepithelial
      islands' in Mikulicz's disease of the major salivary glands and is based on light
      and electron microscopic study in six patients. The 'epimyoepithelial islands'
      represent collapsed acini prior to their complete involution and disappearance,
      the intraductal cellular proliferation, stratification and differentiation into
      luminal and peripheral myoepithelial cells with partial and complete obliteration
      of their lumina and finally, cord-like proliferation and formation of nests of
      residual pluripotential cells showing squamous metaplasia and occasional
      myoepithelial cell differentiation. A pink, homogeneous and hyaline material on
      light microscopic examination is multilayered and extracellular and is in close
      association with the basal lamina when viewed with electron microscope.

PMID- 3701492
TI  - Distinguishing chordoma from chondrosarcoma by immunohistochemical techniques.

PMID- 3701493
TI  - DNA flow cytometry of histological material from human gastric cancer.
AB  - DNA flow cytometry was performed on fixed embedded histological material from 56
      radical gastrectomies for human gastric cancer. The ploidy and proportion of
      cells in the DNA synthetic phase of the cell cycle (S phase fraction) were
      estimated and the results correlated with histological features. DNA aneuploidy
      was encountered in 73 per cent of cases. Aneuploid and diploid tumours both had
      significantly higher fractions of cells in S phase than normal mucosa. S phase
      fractions for aneuploid tumours were higher than diploid tumours. There was a
      trend for tumours exhibiting an infiltrating mode of growth and poor tubule
      formation to have a diploid DNA content and low S phase fraction. No difference
      was observed between the results obtained from tumours with or without lymph node
      metastases. Early uniform fixation greatly improved the quality of the flow
      cytometry results measurable by a reduction in the mean coefficient of variation.

PMID- 3701494
TI  - The significance of myocardial bridge upon atherosclerosis in the left anterior
      descending coronary artery.
AB  - The relation between myocardial bridges (MB) and atherosclerosis in the left
      anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was explored using morphometric methods
      in 642 hearts. The location of myocardial bridges in the LAD was classified
      according to distribution as proximal, middle and distal. Myocardial bridges were
      found in 48 per cent of males and 36 per cent of females. When proximal
      myocardial bridging was present intimal thickening and macroscopic raised lesion
      were increased just before the bridge as compared with the corresponding site in
      the other two categories. Underneath bridges eccentric plaques and raised lesions
      are absent although there is often concentric intimal thickening. The overall
      frequency of myocardial infarction was the same in patients with and without
      myocardial bridges. However, when infarction occurred in the patients having
      bridges, it was almost confined to those in the proximal group despite this being
      infrequent in the general distribution of myocardial bridges in the left anterior
      descending artery. It is postulated that hypertension may enhance infarction in
      the case of myocardial bridges in the very proximal left anterior descending
      artery. It is concluded that the location of myocardial bridges greatly alters
      the distribution of physical force against the arterial wall and influences the
      extent of atherosclerosis.

PMID- 3701495
TI  - Injection of free radical generators causes premature onset of tissue damage in
      malaria-infected mice.
AB  - Lymphoid and liver damage does not usually occur in Plasmodium vinckei-infected
      mice until parasitaemias reach 70-80 per cent and the mice are showing signs of
      illness. We report here that these changes can be induced in mice of healthy
      appearance and lower parasitaemia by injecting divicine or tertiary-butyl
      hydroperoxide, two generators of free oxygen radicals. The same or larger doses
      of these radical generators did not induce this tissue damage in normal mice.
      Phagocytic leukocytes are activated in P. vinckei-infected mice, and secretion by
      these cells of toxic oxygen metabolites has been suggested to be part of this
      process. Additive effects of these free radicals and those generated from
      divicine and t-butyl hydroperoxide could account for the increased susceptibility
      of parasitized mice to tissue damage by these agents.

PMID- 3701496
TI  - Histogenesis of acinic cell carcinoma of the major and minor salivary glands. An
      ultrastructural study.
AB  - This study describes the light microscopic, histochemical and electron
      microscopic findings of 10 acinic cell carcinomas from the major and minor
      salivary glands. Ultrastructurally, four cell types were identified: secretory
      acinar cells, intercalated duct-like cells, pluripotential reserve/stem cells and
      myoepithelial cells. This cellular composition suggests that the tumours are
      derived from neoplastic proliferation, cytodifferentiation and functional
      maturation of pluripotential reserve/stem cells which normally reside at the
      acinar-intercalated duct junctions and/or in the intercalated ducts proper of
      adult salivary glands. This study further supports the concept that different
      salivary gland tumours recapitulate various developmental stages in the normal
      embryogenesis of the salivary glands.

PMID- 3701497
TI  - Drug dependency and the family.

PMID- 3701498
TI  - Drug dependency and the family.

PMID- 3701499
TI  - Diagnostic criteria for codependency.

PMID- 3701500
TI  - Boundary inadequacy in drug dependent families.

PMID- 3701501
TI  - Sabotaging siblings: an overlooked aspect of family therapy with drug dependent
      adolescents.
AB  - Successful family therapy for drug dependence on the part of an adolescent must
      include sensitivity to the roles that other siblings play in the family system.
      Therapists must be aware of the possible infectiousness of substance abuse from
      an older sibling to a younger sibling. The sabotaging positions and roles that
      siblings play in relationship to the drug abuser must receive the kind of
      attention in family therapy that allows a loosening of these roles. What too
      often happens is a tightening of the grip on these positions when the drug
      dependent adolescent is identified as the patient, client or the one with the
      problems as well as the one who is responsible for the family's pain. Without an
      emphasis on confronting needed changes by others in the sibling subsystem, the
      recovering adolescent will experience a deep discouragement from a lack of
      genuine support from brothers and sisters. Feelings of failure and inferiority
      will point in the direction of rejection and a likely return to an identity as
      sick, bad and delinquent. Sabotaging siblings understandably fear changes in the
      familiar family positions and functions. However, in order for these brothers and
      sisters to welcome the former scapegoat back home, they must make room for the
      returning member, not as a drug abuser but as a person. They must allow him/her
      to find a new role of achievement, success identity and inclusion within the
      total family system, and provide acceptance as a truly valued sibling.

PMID- 3701502
TI  - A workable system of family therapy for drug dependence.

PMID- 3701503
TI  - Preparing a family for intervention.

PMID- 3701504
TI  - Family therapy in a hospital setting: a model for time-limited treatment.

PMID- 3701505
TI  - Drug abuse and the adolescent sex offender: a preliminary analysis.

PMID- 3701506
TI  - Codependency.

PMID- 3701507
TI  - Family environment: implications for sexual dysfunction and methaqualone
      dependence.

PMID- 3701509
TI  - Pulmonary assessment of children after chlamydial pneumonia of infancy.
AB  - We evaluated the pulmonary status of 18 children 7 to 8 years after their
      hospitalization for chlamydial pneumonia of infancy. Pulmonary function tests
      (PFTs) and respiratory questionnaire results in this group were compared with
      those in a control group of 19 comparable children from the same community, and
      with values that other investigators have reported for normal children.
      Significant limitations of expiratory airflow were found (FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEF,
      and FEF 25%-75%), as well as signs of abnormally elevated volumes of trapped air
      (FRC and RV/TLC ratios). These obstructive patterns were responsive to inhalation
      of isoproterenol. Moreover, a significantly greater number of patients had
      physician-diagnosed asthma than in the control group. The obstructive PFT
      abnormalities could not be accounted for by recognized risk factors, such as
      exposure to smoking at home or family history of atopy. Our results show that
      chlamydial pneumonia of infancy is associated with PFT abnormalities and
      respiratory symptoms 7 to 8 years after recovery from the acute illness.

PMID- 3701508
TI  - Spectrum of IgG2 subclass deficiency in children with recurrent infections:
      prospective study.
AB  - Serum immunoglobulins and IgG subclasses were measured in 30 children with
      recurrent infections. Seven patients had low IgG2 concentrations (less than 3SD
      below the geometric mean for age). Four of these seven patients had normal
      concentrations of IgG, IgA and IgM, and thus would have been considered
      immunologically normal by routine criteria. The seven children with IgG2
      deficiency had more severe infections than the 23 children with normal IgG2. Five
      children had recurrent pneumonia or sinusitis, one had recurrent invasive
      Haemophilus influenzae type b infections, and one had severe pneumococcal
      meningitis. Their immunologic abnormalities were heterogeneous. Two children had
      isolated IgG2 deficiency, two had IgG2-IgG4 deficiency, one had IgG2-IgG4-IgA
      deficiency, one had IgG2-IgA deficiency, and one had severe IgG1-IgG2 deficiency
      with abnormal T cell function and thrombocytopenia. Thus IgG2 deficiency occurs
      frequently among children with recurrent infections, and is associated with a
      variety of clinical and immunologic abnormalities.

PMID- 3701510
TI  - Quantitative levels of C-reactive protein in cerebrospinal fluid in patients with
      bacterial meningitis and other conditions.
AB  - We measured levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) in the cerebrospinal fluid in 145
      children, using a solid-phase radioimmunoassay. The CRP levels in 49 patients
      with culture-proved bacterial meningitis ranged from 0 to 51,000 ng/ml (median
      1460 ng/ml). In 33 patients with aseptic meningitis, values were much lower range
      0 to 438 ng/ml; (median 17 ng/ml). In patients with CSF pleocytosis (greater than
      10 WBC/microliter), CRP greater than 100 ng/ml was 95% accurate in identifying
      those with bacterial meningitis. However, a few patients with bacterial
      meningitis and little or no CSF pleocytosis had low levels of CRP at admission.
      Among the 63 patients with nonmeningitic conditions, those with bacterial
      infections frequently (10 of 13 had CRP greater than 100 ng/ml, whereas CRP
      elevations were infrequent (seven (18%) of 40) in patients with viral infections
      and other conditions. CRP diffuses into the CSF as readily as other proteins, but
      in bacterial meningitis the CSF/serum ratio of CRP was lower than that of albumin
      and IgG. The measurement of CRP in CSF is potentially a very useful diagnostic
      tool, but certain inherent limitations must be recognized, because some patients
      may fail to mount a prompt inflammatory response.

PMID- 3701511
TI  - Maternally derived measles immunity in era of vaccine-protected mothers.
AB  - Measles hemagglutinin-inhibiting and neutralizing antibody titers are lower in
      women young enough to have been immunized by vaccination than in older women. In
      the children of both young and older mothers the antibody is concentrated 1.7
      fold across the placenta, and the child's initial titer remains proportional to
      that of its mother. The transferred antibody is diluted by the baby's growth and
      degraded with a mean half-life of 48 days. By 8 1/2 months of age, 95% of the
      children of the mothers born since 1963 would have become susceptible to measles
      and responsive to immunization; the same level of susceptibility is not reached
      by children of mothers born before 1958 until 11 1/2 months of age. Among the
      offspring of younger mothers, a small group remains, about 2% of the total, with
      titers high enough to provide protection for 12 months, and these children would
      be poorly served if the age for vaccination were reduced for all. However,
      selective early vaccination of children of young mothers who have low antibody
      titers would eliminate an important focus of measles susceptibility.

PMID- 3701512
TI  - Milk consumption and hydration status of exclusively breast-fed infants in a warm
      climate.
AB  - To assess the hydration status of 40 exclusively breast-fed Peruvian infants,
      their milk intake and urinary volume and concentration were measured during 8
      hour daytime observations. Maximum home temperatures ranged between 26 degrees
      and 33 degrees C; environmental relative humidity ranged between 49% and 96%. The
      infants consumed between 105 and 528 gm milk during the observation period; the
      standardized intakes ranged between 4.0 and 12.1 gm/kg body weight per hour (mean
      +/- SD 7.5 +/- 1.7 gm). The infants voided between 0.9 and 6.3 ml urine per
      kilogram of body weight per hour (mean +/- SD 3.4 +/- 1.3 ml). The maximum
      urinary specific gravity in each infant ranged between 1.003 and 1.017. We
      conclude that healthy infants can maintain adequate hydration status while
      exclusively breast-fed under these environmental conditions.

PMID- 3701513
TI  - Cognitive deficits in iron-deficient and iron-deficient anemic children.
AB  - Eighteen- to 60-month-old iron-deficient anemic children given iron therapy (n =
      25) and a control group matched for mother's educational level showed no
      significant difference in mean mental development score at baseline. The control
      group's mean score was increased significantly over baseline score at 3 and 6
      months and was significantly higher than the experimental group's mean score at 3
      months. Although the experimental group demonstrated hematologic correction over
      6 months, mean mental development score showed no significant improvement. Scores
      for an iron deficient not anemic group given iron (n = 22), despite complete
      hematologic correction over the six months of observation, and for its control
      group, did not change significantly. Baseline scores for an iron-deficient not
      anemic placebo group (n = 23) and for its control group were not significantly
      different. At 3 months the control group score had increased significantly,
      whereas that for the experimental group had not. When experimental and control
      subjects were matched on baseline mental development score, the control subjects
      experienced increases in scores over time, further confirming an impaired ability
      to improve scores with repeated testing in the experimental groups. Behavioral
      rating data (responsiveness to examiner, responsiveness to environment, and
      emotional tone) revealed significant differences between the iron-deficient
      anemic group and its control group at 3 and 6 months, with the control group
      rated more responsive, suggesting that iron deficiency, alone or in association
      with anemia, may have some lasting effect on behavior and development. Group
      differences were also found between the mean number of occurrences of multiple
      stressful events. Failure to show improvement in scores in the iron-deficient
      anemic group may reflect the fact that those children were less testable than
      were children in the control group, despite repeated testings, a theory supported
      by the infant behavior rating data. This may be related to some irreversible
      behavioral deficit or to an adverse environmental milieu (e.g., stress).

PMID- 3701514
TI  - Celiac disease in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Jejunal biopsy was performed without selection in 110 of 201 children with
      insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; serum reticulin antibody, antigliadin
      antibody by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and serum IgA were studied in all
      201 children. Seven children had severe jejunal villous atrophy, giving a
      prevalence of celiac disease of at least 3.5%. Of the serum tests used,
      antigliadin antibody with ELISA was the most sensitive. Four patients adhered to
      a gluten-free diet, and their jejunal structure became normal; three had
      subsequent gluten provocation, and the jejunal mucosa relapsed in every one. Six
      had HLA-B8 and -DR3 antigens, and one had B15 and -DR4 phenotypes. In most
      patients, a gluten-free diet had little effect on insulin dosage, urinary
      excretion of glucose, or serum level of hemoglobin A1.

PMID- 3701515
TI  - Pubertal growth in patients with androgen insensitivity: indirect evidence for
      the importance of estrogens in pubertal growth of girls.
AB  - Spontaneous pubertal growth was studied in eight patients with the syndrome of
      androgen insensitivity to obtain information on the growth-promoting action of
      estrogens. In one additional patient (who had a gonadectomy before puberty), the
      effect of exogenous estrogens was studied. Mean age at peak height velocity (12.7
      years) was closer to that in normal girls than to that in normal boys. Mean peak
      height velocity (7.4 cm/yr) was as in normal girls (7.3 cm/yr), but was lower
      than in normal boys (9.3 cm/yr). Bone age corresponded better to male standards.
      Mean adult height (172.3 cm) was lower than in normal men (-0.6 SD), but higher
      than in normal women (+1.4 SD). In the patient who had a gonadectomy, estrogen
      replacement caused a higher peak height velocity (12 cm/yr), but lower adult
      height (160.5 cm) than in the patients with intact gonads who received no
      treatments. We conclude that in normal girls, the pubertal growth spurt also
      results from the action of estrogens rather than of adrenal androgens. To ensure
      normal pubertal growth, physiologic estrogen replacement in hypogonadal females
      should be started at a bone age of about 11 years, and should not be delayed in
      the hope of achieving a greater mature height.

PMID- 3701516
TI  - Unilateral epicanthal fold: diagnostic significance.
AB  - The dysmorphologic evaluations of 56 children with torticollis and plagiocephaly
      were reviewed. Half of the children were referred because of the cranial
      asymmetry, and the remainder because of other structural defects or developmental
      delay. A unilateral epicanthal fold was present in 22 of 54 fully documented
      cases (41%). In 78% of these, the fold was ipsilateral to the area of occipital
      flatness. Because most infants are examined in an en face position, the presence
      of a unilateral epicanthal fold should prompt further investigation for a readily
      treatable torticollis.

PMID- 3701517
TI  - Survival of a hydropic infant with homozygous alpha-thalassemia-1.

PMID- 3701518
TI  - Normal long-term survival with alpha-thalassemia.

PMID- 3701519
TI  - Incidence of Salmonella bacteremia in infants with Salmonella gastroenteritis.

PMID- 3701520
TI  - Vasculopathy with renal artery stenosis in a child with sarcoidosis.

PMID- 3701521
TI  - Severe neutropenia caused by copper deficiency in a child receiving continuous
      ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

PMID- 3701522
TI  - Elevated concentration of IGF II in brain tissue from an infant with
      macrencephaly.

PMID- 3701523
TI  - Frequency and mechanism of neonatal thrombocytopenia.
AB  - We performed a 1-year prospective study of 807 consecutive infants admitted to a
      regional neonatal intensive care unit to determine the frequency, natural
      history, mechanism(s), and cause of thrombocytopenia. Thrombocytopenia developed
      in 22% of the infants. The platelet count nadir usually occurred by day 4 and
      resolved by day 10. Possible mechanisms responsible for the thrombocytopenia were
      assessed by comparing mean platelet volume, platelet-associated IgG (PAIgG), and
      coagulation test results in those infants whose platelet count fell below 100 X
      10(9)/L (n = 97) with values in age-, weight-, and disease-matched control
      infants without thrombocytopenia (n = 80). In some thrombocytopenic infants,
      111In-labeled-platelet survival, an estimate of megakaryocyte number in bone
      marrow biopsy specimens obtained at autopsy, and response to platelet infusions
      were also assessed. The thrombocytopenia was caused by increased platelet
      destruction, as shown by short 111In-labeled-platelet survival (12 to 128 hours),
      a rising mean platelet volume during the first week of life, normal numbers of
      megakaryocytes, and a poorer than predicted response to platelet infusions. A
      potential cause for the thrombocytopenia could be found in the majority of
      infants: 52% had elevated levels of PAIgG, 21% had laboratory evidence of
      disseminated intravascular coagulation, and 12% had had exchange transfusions. In
      contrast, the control infants had normal coagulation assay results, and only 15%
      had elevated levels of PAIgG. Birth asphyxia was identified as an associated risk
      factor for thrombocytopenia. This study demonstrates that transient, destructive
      thrombocytopenia develops in a large proportion (22%) of infants admitted to a
      neonatal intensive care unit, and that birth asphyxia is an important risk
      factor.

PMID- 3701524
TI  - Effects of chronic in utero hypoxemia on rat neonatal pulmonary arterial
      structure.
AB  - Idiopathic persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn infant (PPHN) is
      characterized by intrauterine structural remodeling of the pulmonary arterial
      bed, consisting of precocious development of muscle in intraacinar arteries,
      proliferation of adventitial connective tissue, and sometimes medial hypertrophy
      of preacinar arteries. To evaluate whether gestational hypoxemia causes these
      changes, we studied pulmonary arterial structure in two groups of newborn rats:
      one control, the other exposed to hypoxemia produced by maternal hypoxia during
      the second half of gestation. Morphometric analysis of the pulmonary arterial bed
      was performed after barium injection into the pulmonary arteries and formol
      saline expansion of the air spaces. Birth weight was similar in each group.
      Hematocrit was elevated in the hypoxemia group (51% +/- 1.0% vs 46% +/- 0.8%, P
      less than 0.005). The structure of preacinar and intraacinar arteries was similar
      and normal in both groups. Chronic fetal hypoxemia in the rat does not produce
      the pulmonary arterial structural changes identified in fatal cases of PPHN in
      human infants.

PMID- 3701525
TI  - Effects of oral calcium carbonate on control of serum phosphorus and changes in
      plasma aluminum levels after discontinuation of aluminum-containing gels in
      children receiving dialysis.
AB  - Orally administered calcium carbonate was evaluated as a phosphate binding agent
      in 15 children, ages 0.6 to 17.2 years, receiving maintenance dialysis. Changes
      in plasma aluminum concentration were assessed after discontinuation of treatment
      with aluminum-containing gels. The mean daily dose of calcium carbonate was 5.1
      +/- 2.5 gm (384 +/- 315 mg/kg/day), and correlated inversely with body weight (r
      = 0.72, P less than 0.01) and age (r = 0.71, P less than 0.01). Mean serum
      calcium, phosphorus, and bicarbonate values were unchanged throughout the study.
      Plasma aluminum concentration fell from 90 +/- 51 to 34 +/- 22 micrograms/L (P
      less than 0.005). Dietary phosphorus intakes were 44 +/- 21 and 42 +/- 19
      mg/kg/day during the control period and at the end of the study, respectively.
      Transitory hypercalcemia was the only side effect in 92% of the patients. In none
      of the patients did uncontrolled hyperphosphatemia, metabolic alkalosis,
      diarrhea, or symptoms or signs of hypercalcemia develop. Our data indicate that
      calcium carbonate is an effective phosphate binding agent in children receiving
      dialysis, and should be used in lieu of aluminum-containing gels in young
      children with renal failure.

PMID- 3701526
TI  - Methylprednisolone for chemotherapy-induced emesis: a double-blind randomized
      trial in children.

PMID- 3701527
TI  - Hypertension associated with naloxone treatment for clonidine poisoning.

PMID- 3701528
TI  - Heart block with viral myocarditis.

PMID- 3701529
TI  - Behavior in girls with true precocious puberty.

PMID- 3701530
TI  - Outcome of home mechanical ventilation.

PMID- 3701531
TI  - Wegener granulomatosis.

PMID- 3701532
TI  - Pulmonary infection in cystic fibrosis: current status.

PMID- 3701533
TI  - Lung defense against infection.
AB  - The human lung has an exquisitely effective and complex defense against
      infections. Mucus prevents attachment of bacteria to the epithelium, and those
      bacteria that cannot cross the mucus are cleared by exhalation or by the mucus
      ciliary escalator. Alveolar macrophages dispatch microbes that reach the
      peripheral barriers of the lung. The pulmonary phagocytic system immobilizes,
      kills, and walls off invading bacteria. The phagocytic system, developed in bone
      marrow, includes alveolar macrophages, granulocytes, and monocytes. The
      phagocytic system is amplified by humoral factors, including inflammatory
      mediators, acute-phase reactants, and opsonins that allow rapid engulfment and
      killing of microbes. Highly mobile polymorphonuclear granulocytes reinforce the
      macrophages when invading organisms reach tissue. Sterility of the lower
      respiratory tract in the normal host is evidence that the defense systems of the
      lung are highly effective and potently bactericidal. The oxidative and
      nonoxidative microbicidal mechanisms of alveolar macrophages and granulocytes are
      lethal for most ordinary microbes. However, certain pathogens have means of
      preventing phagocytosis, and obligate intracellular species have evolved
      mechanisms of intracellular survival. Successful biologic detente between microbe
      and host is the usual situation in the normal human lung, but the relationship is
      unfortunately short-lived in patients with cystic fibrosis. Mucus is not an
      adequate barrier in these patients. Bacterial pathogens colonize respiratory
      tissue and, as a consequence, compromise lung function. Better understanding of
      local defenses in normal human lungs and of the defects in lung defenses in
      patients with cystic fibrosis should lead to methods that will provide these
      patients with successful defense against invading microbes.

PMID- 3701534
TI  - Antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas species.
AB  - Pseudomonas species are highly versatile organisms with genetic and physiologic
      capabilities that allow them to flourish in environments hostile to most
      pathogenic bacteria. Within the lung of the patient with cystic fibrosis, exposed
      to a number of antimicrobial agents, highly resistant clones of Pseudomonas are
      selected. These may have acquired plasmid-mediated genes encoding a variety of
      beta-lactamases or aminoglycoside modifying enzymes. Frequently these resistance
      determinants are on transposable elements, facilitating their dissemination among
      the population of bacteria. Mutations in chromosomal genes can also occur,
      resulting in constitutive expression of normally repressed enzymes, such as the
      chromosomal cephalosporinase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Pseudomonas cepacia.
      These enzymes may confer resistance to the expanded-spectrum beta-lactam drugs.
      Decreased cellular permeability to the beta-lactams and the aminoglycosides also
      results in clinically significant antibiotic resistance. The development of new
      drugs with anti-Pseudomonas activity, beta-lactam agents and the quinolones, has
      improved the potential for effective chemotherapy but has not surpassed the
      potential of the organisms to develop resistance.

PMID- 3701535
TI  - Kinetics of antimicrobial activity.
AB  - Assessment of antimicrobial activity from standard in vitro minimum inhibitory
      and minimum bactericidal concentration determinations alone is incomplete. Rate
      of bacterial killing, effect of increasing concentration, sub-MIC effects, and
      degree of suppression of bacterial growth after limited exposure (post-antibiotic
      effect) more precisely describe the course of antimicrobial activity.
      Aminoglycoside antibiotics exhibit concentration-dependent bactericidal activity
      and a prolonged post-antibiotic effect. beta-Lactam antibiotics demonstrate more
      time-dependent killing and lack post-antibiotic effects, except with
      staphylococci. Most bacteriostatic antimicrobial agents also produce post
      antibiotic suppression of growth. Studies in different animal infection models
      with a variety of organisms suggest that beta-lactams are more efficacious with
      continuous dosing, whereas the efficacy of aminoglycosides is relatively
      independent of dosing regimen, even when administered once daily. Knowledge of
      the kinetics of antimicrobial action is useful in predicting optimal dosage
      regimens.

PMID- 3701536
TI  - Antibiotic activity in sputum.
AB  - Pulmonary infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) is primarily a purulent
      tracheobronchitis. Antibiotics are available that are active in vitro against
      bacteria isolated from sputum from patients with CF. Despite efficacious
      antibiotic concentrations in serum, however, the results of treatment are
      frequently suboptimal. A widely accepted explanation for this limited efficacy is
      poor penetration of orally or intravenously administered antibiotics into
      respiratory secretions. The bioactivity of antibiotics in respiratory secretions
      is not identical to that found in vitro. Laboratory conditions are standardized
      and selected to approximate serum. Deviations from these conditions can markedly
      influence the results. Differences in composition between sputum and laboratory
      culture media, as well as variation in growth and metabolism of the pathogen in
      respiratory secretions, must be considered when predicting in vivo activity in
      sputum. Thus, when defining criteria for antibiotic susceptibility or resistance
      in the treatment of pulmonary infection in patients with CF, the concentrations
      achievable in bronchial secretions as well as the bioactivity in this environment
      should be considered.

PMID- 3701537
TI  - USP standards process.

PMID- 3701538
TI  - An approach to setting particulate matter standards for small volume parenterals.

PMID- 3701539
TI  - Microwave sterilization of vials.

PMID- 3701540
TI  - FDA's compendial--related activities.

PMID- 3701541
TI  - Endemic canine and feline histoplasmosis in El Paso, Texas.
AB  - Seventeen cases of histoplasmosis involving 2 dogs and 15 cats have occurred in
      the Upper Rio Grande Valley of El Paso since 1978. The diagnosis, based on
      clinical signs and radiographic findings, was confirmed by one or more of the
      following laboratory procedures: demonstration of intracellular Histoplasma
      capsulatum yeast cells in tissue, positive serology, or isolation of H.
      capsulatum from various organs of necropsied animals. H. capsulatum was isolated
      also from a bat cave and soil in the vicinity of some of the houses where the
      affected animals had resided. Skin-tests of 97 persons for histoplasmosis
      indicated a 14% positive prevalance in this locale.

PMID- 3701542
TI  - Phialemonium obovatum infection in a burned child.
AB  - Phialemonium obovatum is reported for the first time as an opportunistic fungal
      pathogen of man. The fungus was recovered from biopsy specimens consisting of
      cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue obtained from thermal burn wounds antemortem
      and from spleen tissue and three burn sites postmortem. The hyaline hypae of P.
      obovatum were seen invading viable tissue and blood vessels. The taxonomy of the
      genus Phialemonium and the criteria for determining fungal burn wound invasion
      are discussed.

PMID- 3701543
TI  - Systemic zygomycosis caused by Apophysomyces elegans.
AB  - A case of systemic zygomycosis caused by Apophysomyces elegans in a 56-year-old
      man is described. The left kidney and the bladder showed presence of broad,
      nonseptate-to-infrequently septate hyphae in both the bladder lesion and in the
      septic kidney. Surgical debridement and treatment with amphotericin B cured the
      infection. No underlying immune defect was ever demonstrated, and the patient was
      not hyperglycemic or acidotic at any time. This zygomycetous fungus closely
      resembles Absidia corymbifera, but is distinguished by its distinctive
      morphological features.

PMID- 3701544
TI  - Comparison between magnetic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MELISA) and
      complement fixation test (CF) in the diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis.
AB  - MELISA and CF were compared using sera from paracoccidioidomycosis patients
      before treatment and patients undergoing antimycotic treatment. With MELISA it
      was possible to distinguish different antibody levels in both groups of patients
      whereas such distinction was not observed by using CF tests. MELISA is thus an
      advantageous alternative to CF in the diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis,
      including the possibility of testing sera with anticomplementary activity.

PMID- 3701545
TI  - Tinea capitis among children of Ethiopian immigrants.
AB  - The incidence, clinical appearance and causative agent of tinea capitis among
      children of Ethiopian immigrants, was studied. Out of 124 children examined, 36
      had scalp lesions and 32 cases were confirmed as scalp-ringworm on direct
      microscopy. Culture showed the dermatophyte to be Trichophyton violaceum. The
      clinical presentation, resembling seborrheic dermatitis, without clinically
      apparent hair invasion, was atypical.

PMID- 3701546
TI  - Gastric volvulus in three children with asplenic syndrome.
AB  - Gastric volvulus was surgically corrected in three patients with asplenic
      syndrome associated with severe cardiac anomalies. One patient, whose stomach was
      necrotic, died postoperatively with an intra-abdominal abscess. The other two
      patients have remained well. Four intra-abdominal abnormalities were found in the
      three asplenic patients: (1) absent gastrophrenic ligaments; (2) absent
      gastrosplenic ligaments; (3) deficient fixation of the pylorus, and (4) proximity
      of the pylorus to the cardia. Cardiac surgeons and pediatricians who treat the
      asplenic syndrome should be aware of extracardiac anomalies, especially
      malfixation of the stomach, which can lead to acute gastric volvulus.

PMID- 3701547
TI  - Tapering duodenoplasty for megaduodenum associated with duodenal atresia.
AB  - Six neonates with duodenal atresia and megaduodenum were treated with tapering
      duodenoplasty in addition to duodenoduodenostomy. This technique is simple and
      helps restore effective peristalsis in the proximal duodenal pouch.

PMID- 3701548
TI  - Total colonic aganglionosis with or without small bowel involvement: an analysis
      of 137 patients.
AB  - A total of 137 patients with total colonic aganglionosis involving or not
      involving the small intestine (TCSA) were analyzed to clarify the recent trends
      of TCSA in Japan. The percent of TCSA out of all types of Hirschsprung's disease
      was 8.4%. Male to female ratio in TCSA was 1.5:1. Open biopsy was relatively
      frequent for diagnosis, the rate being 40.9%. A total of 67.4% of the TCSA
      patients were diagnosed in the first month of life. Seventy-two percent of the
      patients underwent enterostomy in the neonatal period. Definitive operations were
      performed in 67 patients. Sixty underwent retrorectal transanal pull-through,
      most of which were Martin's procedure (56 cases). Mortality rate after Martin's
      procedure was 12.5%. Sixty-four percent of the patients with enterostomy alone
      did not survive. This study shows the recent trends of TCSA and indicates there
      is still much room for improvement in the clinical management of TCSA.

PMID- 3701549
TI  - The role of second-look laparotomy in necrotizing enterocolitis.
AB  - The mortality in newborns with necrotizing entercolitis (NEC) remains
      unacceptably high. To attempt to improve survival, the most critically ill 14 (of
      32 total) newborns with NEC and perforation underwent planned second-look
      laparotomy 24 to 36 hours after initial exploration to reassess questionably
      viable bowel and resect if necessary, irrigate purulent material, and search for
      further perforation. Survival was 10/14 (71%) with, and 12/18 (66%) without
      second-look laparotomy. Culture-positive pus was found in 14 cases, while in 6
      necrotic bowel, and in 2 others a perforation was found at second look. These
      data suggest that aggressive second-look laparotomy can improve survival in the
      critically ill neonate with NEC and perforation.

PMID- 3701550
TI  - Does splenectomy predispose to meningococcal sepsis? An experimental study and
      clinical review.
AB  - Splenectomy is a recognized factor predisposing to the late complication of
      serious sepsis. The meningococcus has been listed as an important organism in
      postsplenectomy infection. A survey of the literature, however, revealed a total
      of only 13 documented case reports over a 31-year period, including ten pediatric
      cases. No documented cases of meningococcal sepsis in children following
      splenectomy for trauma were found. In an experimental mouse meningococcal
      infection model, the intraperitoneal LD50 was similar between normal and
      splenectomized mice (4 X 10(8) v 4 X 10(7) cfu, respectively; P = not
      significant). Bacteremic patterns were similar in both groups. Uniform survival
      was seen in normal and splenectomized mice after various intravenous challenge
      doses of meningococci up to 10(6) cfu. This was associated with efficient
      bacterial clearance in both groups. It appears unlikely that the defect resulting
      from splenectomy alone is an important predisposing factor in meningococcal
      sepsis.

PMID- 3701551
TI  - Multiple intestinal atresia and amyoplasia congenita in four unrelated infants: a
      new association.
AB  - Four unrelated infants with multiple segments of nonduodenal intestinal atresia
      and amyoplasia congenita are described. The extreme rarity of each of these
      conditions as a single entity indicates that their concurrent incidence in four
      separate unrelated patients is of significance with respect to pathogenesis. The
      nature of the relationship between the two conditions is unknown.

PMID- 3701552
TI  - Experience with single stage hypospadias reconstruction.
AB  - Our experience with single stage primary hypospadias repair in 96 patients over a
      12-month period is reviewed. The ages ranged from 7 months to 14 years with an
      average of 3.5 years. Seventeen patients were 18 months or younger at the time of
      operation. Meatal advancement and glanuloplasty (MAGPI) was performed in 46
      patients mainly with coronal and glanular hypospadias. There was a fistula rate
      of 4%. The modified Mathieu and Mustarde operations were used for subcoronal and
      distal hypospadias. The transverse preputial island flap technique was found to
      be very versatile and was employed in 33 patients. The fistula rate was 18% and
      proximal urethral stricture rate 9%. These complication rates are considered
      quite acceptable in busy centers where surgeons in training are involved in these
      operations. It is concluded that by mastering a relatively limited number of
      techniques, single stage hypospadias reconstruction can be undertaken in almost
      all cases at the optimal time.

PMID- 3701553
TI  - Use of low intensity roentgen ray imaging for determination of tube and catheter
      placement in the young primate: implication for use of the Lixiscope in the
      surgical neonate.
AB  - The new technology of low intensity roentgen ray imaging offers promise in rapid
      bedside location of tube and catheter placement in the surgical neonate. Using
      the Lixiscope we have been able to accurately detect in an animal model the exact
      location of various tubes and catheters used routinely in pre and postoperative
      neonatal care. Minimal training is required to be able to use the device. We
      think the Lixiscope offers detection of the positions of standard tubes and
      catheters with increased speed, as well as a reduction in the radiation exposure
      for patients and staff in the neonatal unit.

PMID- 3701554
TI  - Splanchnic bed vascular malformations and the development of portal hypertension.
AB  - The vascular lesions, angiomas, and arteriovenous malformations are known to be
      associated with a number of complications. These lesions, when present in the
      liver, may precipitate heart failure in infants. Recent reports suggest that
      although the prognosis is good for the majority of infants who survive the
      neonatal period, the lesions are capable of causing portal hypertension later in
      life. We have encountered three patients whose vascular lesions were in
      continuity with the portal circulation who subsequently went on to develop portal
      hypertension. One patient had angiomas of the liver, one splenic and colonic
      angiomas, and the third had diffuse arteriovenous malformations of the intestine.
      Data are presented and literature is reviewed, which suggest that any vascular
      lesion that is capable of substantially increasing portal blood flow may lead to
      the development of portal hypertension. The treatment of such lesions should be
      aggressive. If surgical management is not possible, alternative treatments such
      as embolization should be attempted early in order to increase the chance for
      successful therapy.

PMID- 3701555
TI  - Congenital diaphragmatic hernia in monozygotic twins.
AB  - This is the third reported instance of identical twins, each with left-sided
      posterolateral congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) (Bochdalek type), who have
      been operated upon successfully. The associated anomalies were mirror image
      undescended testicles. Comparative review of familial and sporadic cases of CDH
      revealed that males were more commonly affected in the former, while females were
      more commonly affected in the latter. There was no known etiology in either type.
      Both familial and sporadic cases shared a high incidence of associated anomalies
      (40% to 50%). Three anomalies were equally found in both types, mainly pulmonary
      hypoplasia, intestinal malrotation, and patent ductus arteriosus. Central nervous
      system anomalies were highly prevalent in the sporadic cases (55% to 75%), while
      cardiovascular and genitourinary anomalies (30% each) were the more common
      anomalies encountered in the familial cases.

PMID- 3701556
TI  - Cervical focal myositis in a child.
AB  - Focal myositis is a self limited, benign, inflammatory pseudotumor of skeletal
      muscle, which spontaneously regresses. A 10-year-old girl presenting with
      localized swelling of the left sternocleidomastoid muscle was seen with
      subsequent biopsy proven focal myositis. This is the second report of this
      distinct disease presenting in the neck and the first in the pediatric age group.
      Biopsy is the only diagnostic and therapeutic modality necessary.

PMID- 3701557
TI  - Salmonella ileocecal lymphadenitis masquerading as appendicitis.
AB  - Salmonella infection requiring surgical intervention is rare. A case of localized
      ileocecal lymphadenitis due to Salmonella newport is reported. A review of the
      literature demonstrates that this is one of a spectrum of conditions of tissue
      infection by Salmonella in the ileocecal region. The outlook is good, and no
      untoward effects have arisen from surgery so that awareness of this condition
      should not alter the operative approach to a patient with a clinical diagnosis of
      acute appendicitis.

PMID- 3701558
TI  - Torsion of the vermiform appendix.

PMID- 3701559
TI  - Forme fruste choledochal cyst.

PMID- 3701560
TI  - Phasic blood flow patterns in the common umbilical vein of fetal sheep during
      umbilical cord occlusion and the influence of autonomic nervous system blockade.
AB  - The blood flow pattern in the common umbilical vein is under normal conditions
      nonpulsatile in contrast to the flow in the fetal inferior vena cava. We observed
      pulsatile flow patterns in the common umbilical vein of fetal lambs during
      changes in the fetal hemodynamic equilibrium. These pulsations may influence the
      mixing of oxygen-rich ductus venosus blood and oxygen-poor inferior vena cava
      blood. This study deals with the phasic changes in umbilical venous blood flow
      during cord occlusion. The experiments were performed in eight chronically
      instrumented fetal lambs between 114 and 133 days gestation (term 146 days).
      Umbilical venous blood flow was measured with an electromagnetic flow transducer
      around the intraabdominal common part of both umbilical veins. The fetuses were
      provided with catheter in the fetal abdominal aorta and with electrodes for
      monitoring arterial blood pressure and heart rate. Occlusion of the umbilical
      cord was performed by means of an inflatable balloon occluder around the total
      cord (occlusion time 20 to 90 seconds). Occlusions were performed in fetuses with
      an intact autonomic nervous system and after blockade of the alpha-adrenergic,
      beta-adrenergic or cholinergic part of the autonomic nervous system.

PMID- 3701561
TI  - Temperature regulation in healthy and resuscitated newborns immediately after
      birth.
AB  - Oxygen consumption (VO2) is a sensitive and reliable indicator of any
      disturbances of thermoregulatory adaptation in the newborn. This study has been
      carried out in a attempt to find out, if there is any difference between the
      thermoregulatory processes of healthy and resuscitated neonates. To this end,
      both VO2 and rectal temperature (RT) were continuously measured in 31 healthy and
      13 resuscitated neonates respectively, within the first 140 postnatal minutes and
      during 30 minutes from the second until the fifth day of their lives. In the
      healthy neonates, the VO2 used to decrease over the study period. The high
      initial VO2 observed postnatally is due to mechanisms of thermoregulation
      beginning immediately after delivery as soon as the newborn child is exposed to
      chilly environmental temperatures. The brown adipose tissue (BAT) is supposed to
      be the essential site of non-shivering thermogenesis (NST). The thermogenetic
      function of this tissue may be shown by local measuring of temperature. In the
      resuscitated neonates, VO2 was lower than in the healthy children. Hypoxia
      results in an ineffective capillary blood supply of the BAT owing to a
      redistribution of circulating blood volume, thus leading to a disturbance of
      thermoregulation. Since the activity of the BAT is dependent on oxygen supply
      hypoxia might be regarded as the limiting factor. In the presence of an
      isothermal environment, the RT measured in the healthy children differed from
      those determined in the resuscitated neonates. This clearly shows that
      thermoregulatory processes may be impaired by a difficult birth.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3701562
TI  - Fetal lung maturity assessment by a modified A650 determination.
AB  - This paper presents an evaluation of a modified absorbance method for estimating
      fetal lung maturity. Absorbance at 650 nm in combination with a two-step
      centrifugation procedure was used in an attempt to focus more directly on
      lamellar bodies and evaluate the contribution of residual absorbance due to non
      lamellar body materials. Absorbance values after centrifugation at 250 X g for 5
      minutes (A250) and 10,000 X g for 20 minutes (A10,000) were taken as estimates of
      total absorbance due to lamellar bodies plus non-lamellar body material and that
      due to non-sedimentable, non-lamellar body material respectively. These values
      were used to generate two new parameters: delta A (A250-A10,000), to better
      estimate absorbance due to lamellar bodies, and %A (delta A/A250 X 100), to
      express lamellar body absorbance in terms of total observable absorbance and
      thereby minimize effects of dilution. The three parameters (A250, delta A, %A)
      were used in combination to create a battery (ABatt) of absorbance values for
      each fluid sample. Absorbance after centrifugation at 2,000 X g for 10 minutes
      (A2,000), a widely used standard method, was also evaluated for purposes of
      comparison. A250 was designated as mature if greater than or equal to 0.350,
      delta A was called mature if greater than or equal to 0.250, and %A was
      considered mature if greater than or equal to 75%. If any of the parameters was
      immature, ABatt was called immature. The range of values for A250, A2,000, and
      A10,000, increased with gestational age in the total population as well as the
      corrected population (excluding amniotic fluid contaminants, and pregnancies with
      isoimmunization or diabetes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3701563
TI  - [The influence of thermal constraints on the liberation of the active principal
      from the suppository form: the case of acetylsalicylic acid].

PMID- 3701564
TI  - [Bioavailability of vinburnine in man: importance of combination with ascorbic
      acid].

PMID- 3701565
TI  - [Analysis of methotrexate and its impurities and metabolites with high
      performance liquid chromatography].

PMID- 3701566
TI  - Spectrophotometric determination of catecholamines.

PMID- 3701567
TI  - [Stability of alkaloid constituents (hyoscyamine, atropine) of belladonna and
      hyoscyamine syrups].

PMID- 3701568
TI  - Self-promotion is not ingratiating.
AB  - Pairs of subjects participated in two unstructured conversations spaced one week
      apart. In the second session, one subject of the pair was asked to participate
      either as an ingratiator or as a self-promoter. Naive target subjects clearly
      distinguished between presenters attempting to appear likable or competent. As
      verified by observer subjects, ingratiators used reactive verbal and nonverbal
      behaviors, whereas promoters used proactive behaviors. Preparation time did not
      produce differential behavioral tactics. The results are discussed in terms of
      the use of conversational resources to produce the attributions of likability and
      competence.

PMID- 3701569
TI  - Social influences on creativity: the effects of contracted-for reward.
AB  - Three studies were conducted to examine the effects of reward on children's and
      adult's creativity. The primary hypothesis was that explicitly contracting to do
      an activity in order to receive a reward will have negative effects on
      creativity, but receiving no reward or only a noncontracted-for reward will have
      no such negative effects. All three studies provided support for this hypothesis.
      Moreover, this support appears to be strong and generalizable across different
      subject populations, reward types, reward presentations, and creativity tasks.
      Possible mechanisms for the phenomenon are discussed.

PMID- 3701570
TI  - Intimacy maturity and its correlates in young married couples.
AB  - Intimate relationships, like the individuals who participate in them, are
      conceived of as following developmental processes. Five dimensions of intimacy-
      that is, relationship orientation, caring-concern, commitment, sexuality, and
      communication--are identified, and an approach to assessing relationship maturity
      on each of these dimensions is described. In a study of 31 young married couples,
      scores on each dimension of intimacy maturity were analyzed in relation to
      gender, gender role (as assessed through an adaptation of the Bem Sex Role
      Inventory; Bem, 1974), and marital adjustment. There were no significant
      differences between husbands and wives on any of the intimacy or marital
      adjustment scales and only a marginal difference on one gender role scale
      (agency). Patterns of correlations among intimacy, marital adjustment, and gender
      role scores varied by gender. Not only do there appear to be two marriages (his
      and hers) in every marriage, but the correlates of these marriages also vary.

PMID- 3701571
TI  - Openness to experience, identity flexibility, and life change in adults.
AB  - The personality trait of openness to experience was used to predict identity
      flexibility, the tendency of adults to evaluate alternative identity commitments
      in the area of family and work. Openness to experience was also used as an
      independent variable to predict the occurrence of actual life change 12 months
      after identity flexibility was ascertained. A sample of 57 adults (34 women and
      23 men) ranging in age from 24 to 61 (M = 41 years) was tested twice over the 12
      month period. Age and openness to experience significantly predicted identity
      flexibility, whereas only years of education predicted life change. Identity
      flexibility was significantly related to life change. It was concluded that both
      personality and perceived and actual social resources are predictors of
      flexibility and life change in adulthood.

PMID- 3701572
TI  - Expectancy versus absorption in the prediction of hypnotic responding.
AB  - The Absorption Scale, a measure of imaginative involvement, was administered to
      64 subjects in the context of a hypnosis experiment and to an additional 64
      subjects in a context unrelated to hypnosis. Expectancies of responding to
      hypnotic suggestions were assessed both before trance induction and after trance
      induction but before administration of hypnotic test suggestions. Hypnotic depth
      was assessed on the Long Stanford Scale (LSS) before the administration of test
      suggestions, and on the Inventory of Hypnotic Depth (IHD) after the hypnosis
      session. Absorption was correlated with hypnotic responsivity and expectancy, but
      only when assesed in the hypnotic context. Completing the Absorption Scale in a
      hypnotic context appeared to affect hypnotic responsiveness by altering subjects'
      expectancies. Only postinduction expectancies were uniquely predictive of
      response to hypnotic test suggestions, and all variables except the LSS were
      predictive of IHD scores. Results of path analysis supported the hypothesis that
      trance inductions alter expectancies for responding to hypnotic suggestions and
      that these altered expectancies determine subsequent hypnotic behavior.

PMID- 3701573
TI  - Excitatory strength of expressive faces: effects of happy and fear expressions
      and context on the extinction of a conditioned fear response.
AB  - In a recent study, Orr and Lanzetta (1984) showed that the excitatory properties
      of fear facial expressions previously described (Lanzetta & Orr, 1981; Orr &
      Lanzetta, 1980) do not depend on associative mechanisms; even in the absence of
      reinforcement, fear faces intensify the emotional reaction to a previously
      conditioned stimulus and disrupt extinction of an acquired fear response. In
      conjunction with the findings on acquisition, the failure to obtain extinction
      suggests that fear faces have some of the functional properties of "prepared"
      (fear-relevant) stimuli. In the present study we compared the magnitude of
      conditioned fear responses to happy and fear faces when a potent danger signal,
      the shock electrodes, are attached or unattached. If fear faces are functionally
      analogous to prepared stimuli, then, even in the absence of veridical support for
      an expectation of shock, they should retain excitatory strength, whereas happy
      faces should not. The results are consistent with this view of fear expressions.
      In the absence of reinforcement, and with shock electrodes removed, conditioned
      fear responses and basal levels of arousal were of greater magnitude for the fear
      face condition than for the happy-face condition.

PMID- 3701574
TI  - Gender schema theory and sex role inventories: some conceptual and psychometric
      considerations.
AB  - In this study we assessed whether the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) and the PRF
      ANDRO are appropriate for investigations of gender schema theory (Bem, 1981a).
      Because these instruments were developed for entirely different theoretical
      purposes, it is important to empirically examine the validity of these measures
      for investigating the construct of gender schema. On the basis of the
      propositions of gender schema theory, we made several predictions about the
      psychometric properties that should be exhibited by a valid measure of this
      construct. Responses to the PRF ANDRO and the BSRI were factor analyzed
      separately for sex-typed and non-sex-typed groups. Results show consistent and
      theoretically predictable differences in the factor solutions of these two
      groups. The sex-typed or gender-schematic group obtained bipolar factors, with
      masculine items loading with one sign, whereas feminine items loaded with the
      other sign on each factor. Also, sex of subject loaded highly on almost every
      factor for this group. The non-sex-typed group, however, obtained few such
      distinctly dichotomous factors, and sex of subject loaded only on the weaker
      factors. Results are interpreted as providing support for the construct validity
      of at least the BSRI and the PRF ANDRO for use in researching the implications of
      this approach.

PMID- 3701575
TI  - Trait memory and behavior memory: the effects of alternative pathways on
      impression judgment response times.
AB  - Carlston (1980a) and Lingle (1983) argued that remembered behaviors, previous
      trait inferences, or both may be accessed and used in making new trait
      inferences, depending on a variety of factors. In this article we relate this
      argument to a spreading activation model of memory and suggest factors that
      should affect the relative accessibility of inferences and behaviors during trait
      judgment processes. In our study we varied several of these factors and assessed
      accessibility, using response-time methods. The results of this study strongly
      support the model's prediction that prompting inference formation facilitates
      subsequent trait judgment response times, but only when relevant behavior
      memories have not been recently primed. We theorize that the inference
      manipulations used in this study strengthened the direct pathway to a relevant
      trait concept, but that the strength of this pathway was immaterial to judgment
      response times when a "proximal prime" directed retrieval efforts along an
      alternative "behavioral" route to the trait information. The results also suggest
      that the proximal behavior prime facilitated trait responses among subjects who
      had not been induced to make trait inferences, but slowed trait responses among
      subjects who had previously been induced to make trait inferences.

PMID- 3701576
TI  - On the automatic activation of attitudes.
AB  - We hypothesized that attitudes characterized by a strong association between the
      attitude object and an evaluation of that object are capable of being activated
      from memory automatically upon mere presentation of the attitude object. We used
      a priming procedure to examine the extent to which the mere presentation of an
      attitude object would facilitate the latency with which subjects could indicate
      whether a subsequently presented target adjective had a positive or a negative
      connotation. Across three experiments, facilitation was observed on trials
      involving evaluatively congruent primes (attitude objects) and targets, provided
      that the attitude object possessed a strong evaluative association. In
      Experiments 1 and 2, preexperimentally strong and weak associations were
      identified via a measurement procedure. In Experiment 3, the strength of the
      object-evaluation association was manipulated. The results indicated that
      attitudes can be automatically activated and that the strength of the object
      evaluation association determines the likelihood of such automatic activation.
      The implications of these findings for a variety of issues regarding attitudes-
      including their functional value, stability, effects on later behavior, and
      measurement--are discussed.

PMID- 3701577
TI  - Electromyographic activity over facial muscle regions can differentiate the
      valence and intensity of affective reactions.
AB  - Physiological measures have traditionally been viewed in social psychology as
      useful only in assessing general arousal and therefore as incapable of
      distinguishing between positive and negative affective states. This view is
      challenged in the present report. Sixteen subjects in a pilot study were exposed
      briefly to slides and tones that were mildly to moderately evocative of positive
      and negative affect. Facial electromyographic (EMG) activity differentiated both
      the valence and intensity of the affective reaction. Moreover, independent judges
      were unable to determine from viewing videotapes of the subjects' facial displays
      whether a positive or negative stimulus had been presented or whether a mildly or
      moderately intense stimulus had been presented. In the full experiment, 28
      subjects briefly viewed slides of scenes that were mildly to moderately evocative
      of positive and negative affect. Again, EMG activity over the brow (corrugator
      supercilia), eye (orbicularis oculi), and cheek (zygomatic major) muscle regions
      differentiated the pleasantness and intensity of individuals' affective reactions
      to the visual stimuli even though visual inspection of the videotapes again
      indicated that expressions of emotion were not apparent. These results suggest
      that gradients of EMG activity over the muscles of facial expression can provide
      objective and continuous probes of affective processes that are too subtle or
      fleeting to evoke expressions observable under normal conditions of social
      interaction.

PMID- 3701578
TI  - Similarity and uniqueness: the effects of attribute type, relevance, and
      individual differences in self-esteem and depression.
AB  - On the basis of a self-validation perspective, it was predicted that distortions
      in consensus estimates would vary as a function of attribute type (opinions
      versus abilities), relevance of the attribute, and individual differences in self
      esteem and depression. Students rated themselves on seven opinion and ability
      dimensions using 5-point Likert scales. Then they estimated the percentage of the
      other students who held each opinion/ability position, and rank ordered the
      opinions/abilities for personal relevance. Absolute and directional accuracy
      scores were computed (comparing estimated percentages with actual percentages in
      the sample), as well as false consensus (FCE) scores (comparing estimates of
      subjects holding and not holding a particular position). Subjects overestimated
      consensus for their opinions and low abilities, but underestimated consensus for
      their high abilities. Although subjects exhibited a larger FCE on opinions than
      abilities, there was a reliable FCE for both attributes. Relevance affected the
      magnitude of these biases. Higher opinion relevance was associated with increased
      accuracy, lower FCE scores, and smaller overestimates. Higher ability relevance
      was associated with decreased accuracy, greater overestimation on low abilities,
      and greater underestimation on high abilities. Finally, low self-esteem and
      depressed subjects overestimated consensus on opinions and underestimated
      consensus on abilities less than high self-esteem and nondepressed subjects.

PMID- 3701579
TI  - Social network development and functioning during a life transition.
AB  - A 12-week longitudinal study of the development of social support networks among
      college freshmen is presented. Eighty-nine male and female students who lived
      either in university residence halls or at home with their parents completed a
      series of questionnaires in which they described their social networks while
      attending college and their adaptation to university life. In accord with an
      ecological view of social support, the structural and functional characteristics
      of the freshmen's networks were found to vary with the focal individual's gender,
      living situation, and the temporal stage of the network. Further, network
      characteristics were significantly associated with the freshmen's successful
      adaptation to college, though the relative adaptiveness of particular network
      characteristics varied over time.

PMID- 3701580
TI  - Sexual arousal in response to aggression: ideological, aggressive, and sexual
      correlates.
AB  - In two experiments we assessed the impact of aggression on nonrapists' sexual
      arousal. In the first, both male subjects (n = 37) and female subjects (n = 43)
      reported more sexual arousal in response to nonaggressive than to aggressive
      depictions when the portrayals were sexually explicit, but the opposite occurred
      when the portrayals were nonsexual. Only male subjects (N = 359) participated in
      the second experiment. On the basis of their self-reported sexual arousal to the
      use of force, they were classified into the no arousal, moderate arousal or high
      arousal from force groups. To evaluate the veridicality of this classification,
      we assessed some subjects' (n = 118) penile tumescence in response to various
      depictions. The findings generally replicated those of the first experiment and
      confirmed the accuracy of the arousal-from-force classification. The no arousal
      and the moderate arousal from force subjects were less sexually aroused by
      aggressive than by nonaggressive portrayals, but the opposite was found for the
      high arousal from force group. Using the entire sample (N = 359), we also
      assessed differences on various factors among these three groups. We found strong
      differences on ideological factors, including acceptance of violence against and
      dominance over women. We also found differences in acceptance of nonsexual
      aggression and in subjects' beliefs that they might actually use force against
      women. In contrast, differences were not found on sexuality factors. The data's
      implications for theories on the causes of rape are discussed.

PMID- 3701581
TI  - Sex differences in interaction style as a product of perceived sex differences in
      competence.
AB  - Males' and females' interaction styles were observed while they worked in four
      person, mixed-sex groups on a discussion task. In some groups, members were only
      given information about each others' names and gender. In this circumstance, men
      were perceived by themselves and other group members to be higher in competence
      than women. Further, men engaged in a greater amount of active task behavior than
      women (e.g., giving information, giving opinions), and women exhibited a greater
      amount of positive social behavior than men (e.g., agreeing, acting friendly). In
      other groups, members' competency-based status was manipulated by providing false
      feedback that they were high or low relative to their group in intellectual and
      moral aptitude. High status members were then perceived to be more competent than
      low status ones and, further, high status individuals engaged in more active task
      and less positive social behavior than low status ones. In this condition, no sex
      differences were obtained on perceived competence or on active task or positive
      social behavior. Overall, these findings support the idea that the gender
      differences obtained in interaction when status was not specified were partially
      a function of group members' belief that the sexes differ in competence. Direct
      information concerning members' intellectual and moral competence apparently
      blocked the perceived gender-to-competence link, and status alone affected
      perceived competence and interaction style.

PMID- 3701582
TI  - Objective determinants of perceived social support.
AB  - Objective characteristics of people's social networks were examined as
      determinants of the perceived availability of social support in two populations:
      elderly adults (n = 50) and mothers of 1-year-olds (n = 71). Number of network
      members and frequency of contact with network members, computed separately for
      kin and nonkin were examined as predictors of loneliness, overall social support,
      and the six components of social support proposed by Weiss (1974). Kin were found
      to be more effective providers than nonkin of some aspects of social support.
      Network characteristics were better predictors of perceived social support for
      the elderly than for the mothers, but a maximum of 30% of the variance in
      perceived social support was attributable to the objective network
      characteristics in either sample. It is recommended that future research on the
      determinants of perceived social support consider actual interpersonal behaviors,
      their contexts, and personality characteristics that affect the facilitation an
      interpretation of supportive behaviors.

PMID- 3701583
TI  - Counselor and client personality as determinants of counselor expectancy effects.
AB  - Seventy-eight students enrolled in summer-session college courses were randomly
      assigned to serve either as counselors or as clients for a 20-min, role-played
      peer counseling session. All of the subjects completed a battery of standardized
      personality measures. Each counselor interacted with two clients. Prior to the
      sessions, the counselor was led to believe that one of the clients was especially
      introverted and that the other client was especially extraverted. Dependent
      measures were based on clients' change scores on a mood adjective rating scale
      administered before and after the peer counseling sessions. Analyses showed that
      counselors who were more successful at biasing their clients in the direction of
      their expectancies (a) scored higher on measures of Dogmatism, Nurturance, and
      Social Recognition, (b) scored lower on Impulsivity, and (c) were more likely to
      be women. Clients who were more susceptible to counselor bias scored higher on
      the Self-Monitoring Scale, the Self-Monitoring Other-Directedness subscale, and
      Social Recognition. These results are discussed in light of previous research and
      their implications for research on interpersonal expectancy effects.

PMID- 3701584
TI  - Artistic creation as stimulated by superimposed versus combined-composite visual
      images.
AB  - The creative role of homospatial thinking in visual art was assessed in an
      experiment with 39 highly talented young artists. In order to compare the
      creative effects of visual elements occupying the same space with identical
      elements arrayed in a combined foreground and background organization,
      superimposed slide images were presented to a randomly selected portion of the
      subject group, and the other portion of the subject group viewed the same slide
      images constructed into a figure-ground composite. Both groups produced three
      drawings stimulated by the slide stimuli, and these drawings were independently
      judged by three art experts. Results were that drawings produced by the group
      exposed to the superimposed images were rated higher in creative potential than
      those stimulated by the figure-ground controls. These results extend previous
      experimental findings of a tendency toward homospatial thinking in creative
      individuals in literature and visual art.

PMID- 3701585
TI  - Interpersonal betrayal and cooperation: effects on self-evaluation in depression.
AB  - Despite numerous studies demonstrating that depressed people are generally self
      critical, little is known about interpersonal stressors that may activate or
      increase this negative self-evaluation. In this study, the effect of
      interpersonal betrayal and cooperative social interaction on self-evaluation
      processes in depressed and nondepressed women was assessed. Depressed subjects
      who experienced interpersonal betrayal were more critical of their performance on
      a subsequent task than were nondepressed subjects or depressed subjects who had
      experienced a cooperative interaction. Depressed subjects in the betrayal
      condition also behaved more aggressively toward their betraying partner than did
      nondepressed betrayed subjects. Depressed subjects were more critical of their
      own personality characteristics than were nondepressed subjects, regardless of
      condition. Results suggest that some negative cognitive schema among depressed
      persons may be altered by interpersonal factors, although it is not clear whether
      such effects are secondary to increases in self-criticism after conflict or to
      decreases in self-critical tendencies after positive interaction. Given the
      variability in results with different measures of self-evaluation, researchers
      are urged to use multiple, diverse measures of self-evaluation in future efforts
      to study variability in self-appraisal.

PMID- 3701586
TI  - Type A behavior pattern and the judgment of control.
AB  - We investigated the control judgments of Type A and B actors and observers after
      five tasks in which actual response-outcome contingency and success were varied
      systematically. Results indicated that, overall, actors provided higher control
      judgments than did observers, and both actual contingency and success influenced
      judged control. Type A and B actors did not differ in their self-perceptions of
      control but observers judged the Type A actors to have exerted more control than
      the Type B actors, primarily on positive contingency tasks. These findings
      suggest that Type As, because of their more active, dynamic style, may be
      credited by observers with more control or competence than is warranted. By
      contrast, the more relaxed style of the Type B may lead to lower than warranted
      evaluations of control or competence. Lastly, Type As were found to learn the
      contingencies better than Type Bs with important implications for the actual
      exercise of control.

PMID- 3701587
TI  - Postperformance attributions and task persistence among type A and B individuals:
      a clarification.
AB  - We examined task persistence and postperformance attributions by Type As and Bs
      on tasks that varied in level of difficulty. On the basis of past research, we
      hypothesized that Type As would be more self-serving than Type Bs in their
      attributions for success and failure. We also hypothesized that task persistence
      would differ among Type As and Bs and would be dependent on task difficulty and
      perceived task diagnosticity. Type As and Bs attempted multiple sets of anagrams
      that were either easy or difficult. We measured persistence by the number of
      anagram sets attempted, and, after task performance, we assessed attributions for
      success and failure. Results supported both hypotheses. Type As took more credit
      for success than for failure, whereas Type Bs did not provide reliably different
      attributions for success and failure. Furthermore, Type As persisted longer at
      the task when it was difficult and when it was viewed as relatively low in
      information value. Type Bs persisted longer at the task when it was difficult but
      viewed as relatively high in information value. Results are discussed in the
      context of current debates regarding the responses of Type As and Bs to
      performance settings.

PMID- 3701588
TI  - Determinants of sexual and dating behaviors among adolescents.
AB  - The study of adolescent sexual development has typically focused on the incidence
      and age of onset of particular behaviors. Recent developments in the analysis of
      covariance structures permit more powerful simultaneous tests of the determinants
      of adolescent sexual behavior. These new methods allow the assessment and
      evaluation of the interrelatedness between unobserved, latent constructs. Data
      were obtained from 183 males and 193 females ranging in age from 12 to 18 years
      old, selected from three birth cohorts using a stratified random sample. Eight
      latent constructs--Sexual and Dating Involvement, Self-Acceptance, Feminist Sex
      Role Attitudes, Deviant Social Network, Importance of Dating, Lack of
      Heterosexual Competence, Sexually Active Social Network, and Stressful Change
      Events--were hypothesized to explain the variance in 26 observed variables.
      Several causal models were tested that specified structural relationships among
      the latent constructs. A theoretically meaningful model was arrived at that
      linked the eight, error-free factors.

PMID- 3701589
TI  - Expectation of success following noncontingent punishment in introverts and
      extraverts.
AB  - Recent findings indicate that extraverts are more likely than introverts to
      continue responding in the face of punishment and frustrating nonreward (Newman &
      Kosson, 1984; Tiggemann, Winefield, & Brebner, 1982). The current study
      investigates whether extraverts' expectations for success are, similarly,
      resistant to interruption and alteration. To test this hypothesis, 50 introverted
      and 50 extraverted male undergraduates were exposed to pretreatment with either a
      50% level of noncontingent reward or a 50% level of noncontingent punishment. As
      predicted, there were significant Group X Pretreatment interactions on all
      dependent measures. In comparison to those introverts who received the punishment
      pretreatment, extraverts exposed to the same pretreatment placed larger wagers on
      their ability to succeed, and reported higher levels of perceived control. In
      addition, relative to their estimates for the pretreatment task, extraverts
      exposed to noncontingent punishment increased their expectation for success,
      whereas introverts exposed to noncontingent punishment decreased their
      performance expectations. No differences were observed between the two groups
      following pretreatment with noncontingent reward. The results suggest that
      extraverts are characterized by a distinctive reaction to punishment involving
      response facilitation as opposed to response inhibition.

PMID- 3701590
TI  - Persistence of inaccurate beliefs about the self: perseverance effects in the
      classroom.
AB  - The perseverance of erroneous self-assessments was examined among high school
      students. Subjects were first exposed to either highly effective or thoroughly
      useless filmed instruction, leading, respectively, to their consequent success or
      failure. No-discounting subjects received no assistance in recognizing the
      relative superiority or inferiority of their instruction. Discounting subjects,
      by contrast, were subsequently shown the opposite instructional film,
      highlighting the obvious differences in instructional quality. Subsequent
      measures revealed that all subjects recognized the effectiveness or
      ineffectiveness of their instruction, although this contrast was clearer for
      discounting subjects. Nevertheless, both discounting and no-discounting subjects
      continued to draw unwarranted inferences--in line with their initial outcomes-
      about their personal capacities, immediately afterward. Dissociated and disguised
      measures of academic preferences and perceptions completed weeks later produced
      even more dramatic results: The continuing impact of initial outcomes was
      generally greater for discounting than no-discounting subjects.

PMID- 3701591
TI  - Sex typing and division of labor as determinants of marital change across the
      transition to parenthood.
AB  - This investigation examines the proposition that wives who describe their
      personality in ways that deviate from sex stereotypes will become less positive
      and more negative about their marriage from before to after they become mothers,
      particularly when the transition to parenthood is accompanied by an increase in
      the traditionalism of marital roles. Sixty-one couples were studied
      longitudinally from the last trimester of pregnancy through the third postpartum
      month. The wives completed the Personal Attributes Questionnaire (Spence &
      Helmreich, 1978), which measures the extent to which they ascribe personality
      attributes stereotyped as "masculine" (i.e., instrumental, agentic) and
      "feminine" (expressive, affectional) to themselves, and several questionnaires
      assessing the marital relationship at both times of measurement. Results revealed
      that the more division of labor changed toward traditionalism, the greater the
      decline in wives' evaluations of the positive aspects of marriage and that
      changes in wives' evaluations of both positive and negative aspects of marriage
      can be significantly predicted by the interaction of the wives' expressivity and
      changes toward increased traditionalism in division of labor. Additional analyses
      showed that wives who do not ascribe female sex-typed attributes to themselves
      (relative to those who see themselves in sex-stereotyped ways) are more apt to
      evaluate their marriage less favorably from before to after parenthood when roles
      shift toward greater traditionalism.

PMID- 3701592
TI  - Mitigating circumstance information, censure, and aggression.
AB  - One hundred men received one of two levels of mitigating circumstance information
      either before or after being insulted or not insulted by a co-worker.
      Participants were then provided with an opportunity ostensibly to deliver
      aversive noise to the co-worker under either high or low social censure
      conditions. Physiological data and self-report measures revealed that
      participants who learned of mitigating circumstance information before being
      provoked exhibited smaller increases in physiological arousal and reported less
      annoyance than did those who learned of mitigating circumstance information after
      insult. Aggression data showed that angered participants evaluated their provoker
      more favorably and retaliated less when they learned of mitigation before rather
      than after being insulted. These findings supported attribution theory
      assumptions that mitigating circumstance information known before the provoking
      incident influences the individual's interpretation of harm, thereby reducing
      anger and the instigation to aggression. The reduced impact of information on
      aggression that is acquired after provocation may reflect the provoked
      individual's shift of attention from cues surrounding harm to a consideration of
      inhibitory factors for aggression.

PMID- 3701593
TI  - Appraisal, coping, health status, and psychological symptoms.
AB  - In this study we examined the relation between personality factors (mastery and
      interpersonal trust), primary appraisal (the stakes a person has in a stressful
      encounter), secondary appraisal (options for coping), eight forms of problem- and
      emotion-focused coping, and somatic health status and psychological symptoms in a
      sample of 150 community-residing adults. Appraisal and coping processes should be
      characterized by a moderate degree of stability across stressful encounters for
      them to have an effect on somatic health status and psychological symptoms. These
      processes were assessed in five different stressful situations that subjects
      experienced in their day-to-day lives. Certain processes (e.g., secondary
      appraisal) were highly variable, whereas others (e.g., emotion-focused forms of
      coping) were moderately stable. We entered mastery and interpersonal trust, and
      primary appraisal and coping variables (aggregated over five occasions), into
      regression analyses of somatic health status and psychological symptoms. The
      variables did not explain a significant amount of the variance in somatic health
      status, but they did explain a significant amount of the variance in
      psychological symptoms. The pattern of relations indicated that certain variables
      were positively associated and others negatively associated with symptoms.

PMID- 3701594
TI  - Sex role identity in young adults: its parental antecedents and relation to ego
      development.
AB  - This study, inspired by Block's (1973) work, was designed to enable one to
      examine how ego development and socialization experience interact in relation to
      sex role identity. Sex role identity was measured via the Bem Sex Role Inventory,
      and socialization practices were measured via the Block Child-Rearing Practices
      Report. Both measures were scaled so as to yield scores on agency, communion, and
      androgyny. Ego development was assessed via Loevinger's Sentence Completion Test
      of Ego Development. The sample consisted of 120 young adult men and women,
      married and single. Analyses revealed that the predictive power of the variables
      differed by sex. Ego development was predictive of sex role identity in men but
      not women, whereas socialization practices were predictive of sex role identity
      in women but not men. The results were seen as supporting Chodorow's (1974)
      position regarding the differing socialization experiences of men and women.

PMID- 3701595
TI  - Effects of punishment on response latency in extraverts.
AB  - Previous findings indicate that in comparison to introverts, extraverts are prone
      to form responses that are resistant to interruption by punishment. Because the
      tendency to stop and reflect following punishment may be crucial for subsequent
      learning, the present study was designed to examine differences between
      introverts' and extraverts' reactions to punishment using response latency on the
      trial following punishment as the dependent variable. Sixty-six extraverted and
      66 introverted male undergraduates performed a pattern-matching task in which
      they received noncontingent 50% success and 50% failure feedback under three
      incentive conditions including reward only, punishment only, or both. As
      predicted, a significant interaction was found in the both condition, reflecting
      the tendency of extraverts to respond more quickly and introverts more slowly
      following punishment feedback than following reward feedback. No significant
      effects were found in the other two conditions; however, a tendency was noted for
      extraverts to respond more quickly overall when only reward was given. A second
      experiment using reward-only and punishment-only feedback replicated this finding
      and yielded a significant interaction of Group X Condition. The results indicate
      that in contrast to introverts, extraverts are activated by the availability of
      reward and, paradoxically, that punishment may facilitate rather than interrupt
      extraverts' reward seeking behavior.

PMID- 3701596
TI  - [Miscellaneous contributions to the essential oils of plants from various
      territories. XLVII. On the components of essential oils of Cinnamomum sieboldii
      Meisn].

PMID- 3701597
TI  - [Synthesis and antiviral activity of bis(alkylaminoalkoxy-2-benzofuranyl)ketone
      derivatives and bis(acyloxy-2-benzofuranyl)ketone derivatives].

PMID- 3701598
TI  - [An improved method for the determination of hydroxyproline].

PMID- 3701599
TI  - [Application of fatty alcohols to pharmaceutical dosage form. III. Percutaneous
      absorption of indomethacin from fatty alcohol and propylene glycol (FAPG) bases
      consisting of a mixture of fatty alcohol and propylene glycol].

PMID- 3701600
TI  - [Role of metal stearates in preparation of Eudragit RS-microcapsules containing
      sulfamethizole by evaporation process in water phase].

PMID- 3701601
TI  - [Stability of disodium latamoxef in aqueous solution and in the admixtures of 5%
      glucose solution].

PMID- 3701602
TI  - [The synthesis and absolute stereochemistry of(-)-R-1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-[(3,4
      dimethoxyphenethyl)amino]ethanol (denopamine)].

PMID- 3701603
TI  - Kinetic models of induction: I. Persistence of the inducing substance.
AB  - A kinetic model for induction is presented which includes the pharmacokinetics of
      the inducing agent. When simulations based on this model are carried out, they
      demonstrate situations where the observed rate constant governing the change from
      the basal to the induced state, or from the induced to the basal state, differs
      substantially from the true turnover rate constant. This arises from the
      confounding influences of the accumulation or persistence of either the inducing
      agent itself or some intermediary metabolic process. Depending on the
      relationships between the kinetic constants, there are four experimental subsets
      which require various interpretative schemes to obtain a correct estimate of the
      turnover rate constant. These interpretive schemes point out the necessity of
      measuring the pharmacokinetics of the inducer in all experiments.

PMID- 3701604
TI  - Kinetic models of induction: II. Decreased turnover of a product or its
      precursor.
AB  - Reduction of the turnover rate constant for a substance or its metabolic
      precursor is a mechanism for induction which differs markedly in its kinetic
      characteristics from induction resulting from a direct stimulation of synthesis.
      The unique aspect of induction following inhibited turnover is that the time
      course of recovery from the induced to the basal state is more rapid than the
      time course for induction itself. A general set of kinetic equations is presented
      here which represents the complete chain of events for such an induction; namely
      the kinetics of the inducer, the kinetics of a synthesis precursor to the induced
      product, and the kinetics of the induced product itself. These equations have
      been used to simulate examples of this type of induction and resemble induction
      experiments from the literature.

PMID- 3701605
TI  - The hepatic sinusoid is not well-stirred: estimation of the degree of axial
      mixing by analysis of lobular concentration gradients formed during uptake of
      thyroxine by the perfused rat liver.
AB  - Two general models have been proposed for predicting the effects of metabolism,
      protein binding, and plasma flow on the removal of drugs by the liver. These
      models differ in the degree of plasma mixing assumed to exist within each hepatic
      sinusoid. The venous equilibrium model treats the sinusoid as a single well
      stirred compartment, whereas the sinusoidal model effectively breaks up the
      sinusoid into a large number of sequentially perfused compartments which do not
      exchange their contents except through plasma flow. As a consequence, the
      sinusoidal model, but not the venous equilibrium model, predicts that the
      concentration of highly extracted drugs will decline as the plasma flows through
      the hepatic lobule. To determine which of these alternative models best describes
      the hepatic uptake process, we looked for evidence that concentration gradients
      are formed during the uptake of [125I]thyroxine by the perfused rat liver.
      Autoradiography of tissue slices after perfusion of the portal vein at
      physiologic flow rates with protein-free buffer containing [125I]thyroxine
      demonstrated a rapid exponential fall in grain density with distance from the
      portal venule, declining by half for each 8% of the mean length of the sinusoid.
      Reversing the direction of perfusate flow reversed the direction of the
      autoradiographic gradients, indicating that they primarily reflect differences in
      the concentration of thyroxine within the hepatic sinusoids rather than
      differences in the uptake capacity of portal and central hepatocytes. Analysis of
      the data using models in which each sinusoid was represented by different numbers
      of sequentially perfused compartments (1-20) indicated that at least eight
      compartments were necessary to account for the magnitude of the gradients
      seen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3701606
TI  - Apparent dose dependency of the hepatic (S)-acenocoumarol clearance in the rat: a
      study using open liver biopsies.
AB  - Saturable hepatic uptake processes may account for the apparent dose-dependent
      clearance of 4-hydroxycoumarins. We investigated the dose dependent clearance and
      dose dependent liver distribution of the (S)-enantiomer of acenocoumarol (4
      hydroxy-3-[1-4-nitrophenyl)-3-oxobutyl]coumarin) in the rat applying the in situ
      liver biopsy technique. The drug was administered by constant-rate infusion. At
      infusion rates below 0.6 microgram/min, blood clearance appeared to be dose
      dependent, i.e., clearance of (S)-acenocoumarol declined gradually from 6.5
      mL/min at a 0.15 microgram/min infusion rate to 3.9 mL/min at a 0.6
      micrograms/min infusion rate. From 0.6 microgram/min up to the highest input
      tested, i.e., 15 micrograms/min, clearance was almost constant, 3.5 mL/min. At
      low infusion rates the steady-state liver concentration of (S)-acenocoumarol rose
      steeply in a convex way with infusion. Scatchard analysis of steady-state liver
      concentrations in relation to steady-state blood concentrations revealed a
      hepatic binding site for (S)-acenocoumarol, exhibiting a capacity of 1.4
      microgram/g of liver tissue.

PMID- 3701607
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of pentaerythritol tetranitrate following intra-arterial and
      oral dosing in the rat.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,3
      propanediol tetranitrate, 1) were studied in rats following a single intra
      arterial or oral dose (2 mg/kg) of the 14C-labeled drug. Blood levels of the
      tetranitrate and its metabolites were determined using a thin-layer
      radiochromatographic procedure. The apparent systemic clearance of 1 was 0.61 +/-
      0.16 L/min/kg (mean +/- SD, n = 6) which exceeded the value of normal cardiac
      output in rats. The steady-state volume of distribution was 4.2 +/- 1.1 L/kg (n =
      6), and the elimination half-life was estimated at 5.8 +/- 0.6 min (n = 6). Blood
      levels of 1 were only detectable (higher than 4.0 ng/mL) in three of the six rats
      examined after the oral dose. The trinitrate derivative (2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)
      1,3-propanediol trinitrate, 2) the active metabolite of 1, was not detectable
      following oral dosing with the tetranitrate. The oral bioavailability of 1 was in
      the range of 0-8%. In spite of the low water solubility of 1 (i.e., 1
      microgram/mL), a rather high fraction of the radioactive oral dose [25.7 +/-
      10.3% (n = 4) versus 62.4 +/- 14.5% (n = 4) from the intra-arterial dose] was
      recovered in the urine. A significant portion of the intra-arterial dose (32.7 +/
      11.0%, n = 4) was eliminated in feces, indicating enterohepatic recycling of
      radioactivity. Analysis of the metabolite pattern in urine indicated extensive
      metabolism of 1, 2, and the dinitrate derivative 3 (2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,3
      propanediol dinitrate). Less than 0.2% of the dose was recovered as unchanged
      drug and 2 following either route of administration.

PMID- 3701608
TI  - Sustained-release delivery systems, II: In vitro dissolution of 4,4'
      sulfonylbisbenzamine (dapsone)--N-dodecanoyl-4,4'-sulfonylbisbenzamine comelts.
AB  - An approach under investigation in our laboratory is the development of slowly
      dissolving particles containing an active drug, mixed or coated with a less
      soluble derivative or derivatives, that may hydrolyze back to the active drug
      following solution. Such particles have potential for sustained release by a
      number of routes of administration, including intramuscular injection. In the
      present work, the in vitro dissolution of particles of 4,4'-sulfonylbisbenzamine
      (dapsone) (1) and various comelts of 4,4'-sulfonylbisbenzamine (dapsone) (1) and
      N-dodecanoyl-4,4'-sulfonylbisbenzamine (the monolauryl derivative of dapsone) (3)
      was studied using a continuous flow-through cell under laminar flow conditions.
      Dissolution of particles of dapsone showed a biphasic pattern when plotted
      according to the Hixson-Crowell cube root equation. Dissolution rates of dapsone
      (1) from the comelts were found to correlate with the physical state of 1 in the
      solid binary dispersion. Comelts of 1:3 with a content higher than 36.5% w/w 1
      (the eutectic mixture) had initial rates of dissolution which appeared to be
      dependent on the porosity of the particles. However, once this initial phase
      passed, the total amount dissolved increased as the amount of noneutectic 1-rich
      solid solution in the comelt increased. This suggests that 1 in the eutectic
      mixture has a slower dissolution rate than when present in the noneutectic, or
      excess 1-rich solid solution form. The comelts with a content of dapsone at or
      below the eutectic mixture dissolved more slowly and their dissolution rates were
      less dependent on concentration of 1. The mechanism of release of 1 from 1:3
      comelts appeared to be matrix diffusion-controlled.

PMID- 3701609
TI  - Comparison of gastrointestinal pH in dogs and humans: implications on the use of
      the beagle dog as a model for oral absorption in humans.
AB  - Gastrointestinal pH as a function of time was recorded for 4 beagle dogs and 10
      human subjects using radiotelemetric pH measuring equipment. Results indicated
      that in the quiescent phase, gastric pH in the dogs (mean = 1.8 +/- 0.07 SEM) was
      significantly (p less than 0.05) higher than in humans (1.1 +/- 0.15). No
      significant difference in the time for the pH monitoring device to empty from the
      stomach was noted for the two species (99.8 +/- 27.2 min for dogs, 59.7 +/- 14.8
      min for humans, p greater than 0.05). The fasting intestinal pH in dogs was
      consistently higher than in humans, with an average canine intestinal pH of 7.3
      +/- 0.09 versus 6.0 +/- 0.14 for humans. The implication of these observations
      for extrapolation of drug absorption data from dogs to humans are discussed.

PMID- 3701610
TI  - Allopurinol absorption from different sites of the rat gastrointestinal tract.
AB  - Allopurinol exhibits good bioavailability (78-90%) after administration of oral
      dosage forms to humans and rabbits; however, it is not absorbed rectally from any
      of the dosage forms to any significant extent. Oral administration of allopurinol
      in a polyethylene glycol suspension, to which allopurinol may be reversibly
      complexed, to rabbits has been shown to produce erratic and poor absorption of
      allopurinol. This suggests the possibility of differential absorption of
      allopurinol from various sites of the GI tract. The mechanism of allopurinol
      absorption was investigated in rats using the in situ Levine technique. The
      allopurinol absorption rate was 0.56 +/- 0.10 microgram/min/cm from the upper
      portion of the small intestine and was 0.48 +/- 0.12 microgram/min/cm from the
      midgut. The absorption from the lower portion of the small intestine was 0.33 +/-
      0.14 microgram/min/cm and from the upper and lower large intestine segments was
      negligible (0.04 +/- 0.06 microgram/min/cm). The normalization of these
      absorption rates for surface area yielded flux values (normalized absorption rate
      as microgram/min/cm2) with significant differences in permeability between small
      and large intestine for allopurinol. The allopurinol absorption rate increased
      with increases in the dose, and there was a linear relationship between dose and
      absorption rate. Thus, allopurinol absorption, although specific to particular
      sites, is not dose dependent in the dose range from 0.25 to 2.5 mg/mL.
      Differences in the rates of absorption may be due to anatomical differences of
      the various parts of the GI tract or due to physicochemical properties of the
      drug itself.

PMID- 3701611
TI  - Isopilocarpine binding to muscarinic cholinergic receptors.
AB  - Isopilocarpine coexists with pilocarpine in nature, and it is present in varying
      degrees in commercial pilocarpine preparations. Using muscarinic cholinergic
      receptors from bovine ciliary muscle tissue, we measured the relative binding
      affinity of isopilocarpine and pilocarpine. The binding affinity of
      isopilocarpine was approximately one-tenth that of pilocarpine. Because of the
      relatively low concentration of isopilocarpine found in commercial pilocarpine
      preparations, and the low binding affinity of isopilocarpine for the muscarinic
      receptors, the practical effect of isopilocarpine contamination is small.

PMID- 3701612
TI  - Effect of particle dissolution rate on ocular drug bioavailability.
AB  - Aqueous ophthalmic drug solutions typically exhibit low bioavailability due to
      various loss processes such as drainage, tear turnover, nonproductive absorption,
      and protein binding. Suspensions may improve bioavailability, but because of a
      short residence time and a low corneal permeability rate constant, the
      dissolution rate of the drug and its intrinsic solubility must be considered. The
      relationship between the various parameters affecting the relative dissolution
      rate have not heretofore been examined with respect to the eye. In the present
      study, a kinetic model that predicts ocular tissue drug levels for suspensions
      has been developed and tested using a steroid, fluorometholone, as the test drug
      suspension. The proposed model is able to predict the effects of particle size,
      concentration, and changes in drainage rate such that a reasonable a priori
      prediction of drug levels can be made.

PMID- 3701613
TI  - Determination of chenodiol bioequivalence using an immobilized multi-enzyme
      bioluminescence technique.
AB  - Measurement of the bioequivalence of formulations of chenodiol, a bile acid which
      is used for gallstone dissolution, is difficult because its high first-pass
      clearance results in low plasma levels after ingestion of usual dosages. To solve
      this problem, a new method was developed to determine the bioequivalence of
      several chenodiol formulations. The method included the following steps:
      isolation of all bile acids from serum by absorption to a hydrophobic resin,
      elution of bile acids from the resin by methanol, separation of the unconjugated
      bile acid fraction by an ion-exchange procedure, and bioluminescence measurement
      of the unconjugated 7 alpha-hydroxy bile acids using Sepharose beads containing
      co-immobilized 7 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, diaphorase, and luciferase.
      The isolation method gave complete recovery, and the bioluminescence procedure
      was simple, rapid, and sensitive. The peak level of systemic chenodiol occurred 1
      to 2 h following oral ingestion and ranged from 4 to 8 microM. This method
      appears superior to previously reported methods for determining the
      bioequivalence of chenodiol preparations. In principle, the method is suitable
      for measurement of the bioequivalence of other bile acids provided the
      appropriate hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase is available.

PMID- 3701614
TI  - An investigation of some factors influencing plug formation and fill weight in a
      dosing disk-type automatic capsule-filling machine.
AB  - The progressive formation of plugs resulting from successive tamps in a dosing
      disk-type automatic capsule-filling machine was investigated for three fillers:
      anhydrous lactose, dicalcium phosphate, and microcrystalline cellulose. An
      evaluation of seven compaction parameters revealed that all tamping stations and
      all piston positions within a station, with the exception of station #1,
      contribute equally to plug formation. Model calculations suggesting that fill
      weight could be achieved in only three tamps were supported by direct
      experimental observation. The effective available fill volume was shown to be
      greater than the nominal volume of the dosing disk cavity. This was verified by
      using a modified scrape-off at station #5, which eliminated the powder head over
      the disk at that station. Here, increases in tamping force resulted in harder
      plugs, as measured with an improved plug mechanical strength tester, with fill
      weights remaining unchanged. However, plug segments did not increase in
      mechanical strength when additional segments were compressed over them using the
      same force. For one excipient (microcrystalline cellulose), the fill weights and
      the mechanical strengths of systems containing 0, 0.10, 0.25, and 0.50% magnesium
      stearate were measured. The 0.10% level was found to be optimum in that it
      resulted in maximum plug mechanical strengths and fill weights, regardless of the
      number of tamps used and/or their intensity.

PMID- 3701615
TI  - Effect of shear on the apparent viscosity of amorphous carbonate ion containing
      aluminum hydroxide suspensions.
AB  - The application of shear to carbonate ion containing aluminum hydroxide
      suspensions caused a change in the apparent viscosity by two possible mechanisms:
      change in the surface charge because of desorption of specifically adsorbed
      carbonate ion, and aggregate dispersal and formation of more extensive particle
      networks. The desorption of specifically adsorbed carbonate ion is related to the
      expansion of the air-liquid interface during shear. Shear-inducing processing
      equipment which generates a minimal amount of new air-liquid interface was found
      to produce the least change in pH and, consequently, in surface charge. However,
      viscosity increases caused by aggregate dispersal and formation of more extensive
      particle networks may occur without a shear-induced change in surface charge.

PMID- 3701616
TI  - Tricyclo[4.2.2.0(2,5)]dec-9-ene-3,4,7,8-tetracarboxylic acid diimide: formulation
      and stability studies.
AB  - The experimental antitumor drug, tricyclo[4.2.2.0(2,5)]dec-9-ene-3,4,7,8
      tetracarboxylic acid diimide, NSC 284356, was formulated as the disodium salt in
      a stable freeze-dried form suitable for parenteral administration. The stability
      of the drug was determined in buffers at various temperatures using liquid
      chromatography. The drug was found to undergo hydrolysis in aqueous solutions.
      The rate of hydrolysis followed pseudo-first-order kinetics and is accelerated by
      increases in temperature and pH of the solutions. The hydrolysis product was
      isolated, and its structure was determined by unambiguous chemical methods.

PMID- 3701617
TI  - Intramolecular nucleophilic amino attack in a monobactam: synthesis and stability
      of (2S,3S)- 3-[(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido]-2-methyl-4-oxo-1- azetidinesulfo
      nic acid.
AB  - The potentially orally bioavailable arylglycine-substituted monobactam, (2S,3S)-
      3-[(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido]-2-methyl-4-oxo-1- azetidinesulfonic acid, was
      prepared as a crystalline solid. No significant antibacterial activity [i.e.,
      MICs were greater than 128 (micrograms/mL)] was found when the monobactam was
      tested against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Solution instability
      (greater than 2,000 times less stable than aztreonam) due to intramolecular
      nucleophilic amine attack on the beta-lactam is believed to be a contributing
      factor to the poor microbiological activity.

PMID- 3701619
TI  - Spiromustine analogues. Relationships between structure, plasma stability, and
      antitumor activity.
AB  - Spiromustine is a hydantoin-containing nitrogen mustard currently in Phase I
      clinical trial. Since the in vitro plasma half-life of this compound (6.4 min, 37
      degrees C, pH 7.4) appeared to be influenced by the hydantoin ring, analogues
      containing 2-5 methylene spacer groups between this ring and the nitrogen mustard
      moiety were prepared and evaluated for hydrolytic stability and antitumor
      activity. Stability correlated with structure and pKa values. The proximity of
      the hydantoin ring to the mustard function was a stabilizing factor. Activity
      against murine P-388 leukemia was demonstrated and a gradual decrease in this
      activity was observed as the hydrolytic instability increased. A relationship
      between analogue structure and a mass spectral rearrangement ion was identified.

PMID- 3701618
TI  - 11-Deoxy-11 alpha,12 alpha-methanoprostaglandin E2, a potent, short-acting
      bronchodilator.
AB  - 11-Deoxy-11 alpha,12 alpha-methanoprostaglandin E2 (1b) and the corresponding
      methyl ester 7a were highly potent, but short acting, bronchodilators both by the
      intravenous (80 and 10 times PGE2, respectively) and aerosol (2 and approximately
      1 times PGE2) routes, as measured by the Konzett-Rossler assay. The 11 beta,12
      beta-methano compound 15a was two orders of magnitude less active than 7a. In
      rhesus monkeys anesthetized by aerosol administration, 1b was 10-50% as potent
      as, and had a duration of action similar to, PGE1 in the inhibition of
      methacholine-induced increases in airway resistance. At doses effective in
      preventing the methacholine response, 1b increased the heart rate (less than or
      equal to 30%) and precipitated mild upper airway irritation.

PMID- 3701620
TI  - Plant anticancer agents XXXIX: Triterpenes from Iris missouriensis (Iridaceae).
AB  - Employing the roots of Iris missouriensis, two known triterpenes, iso
      iridogermanal and zeorin, were isolated and identified. As presently reported,
      they were found to demonstrate cytotoxic activity toward cultured P-388 cells
      (ED50 = 0.1 and 1.1 microgram/mL, respectively). Additionally, a new triterpene
      that demonstrated an ED50 of 8.5 micrograms/mL was isolated. On the basis of
      spectral analysis and chemical correlation with zeorin, the structure was shown
      to be 6 6 alpha-hydroxy-A'-neogermmacer-22(29)-en-30-oic acid (missourin).

PMID- 3701621
TI  - Convection-dispersion modeling of hepatic elimination.

PMID- 3701622
TI  - Pedal radiographic manifestations of the seronegative spondyloarthritides. Part
      I: Reiter's syndrome.

PMID- 3701623
TI  - Fixation versus non-fixation of osteotomies of the foot.

PMID- 3701624
TI  - Principles of arcuate (crescentic) osteotomies.

PMID- 3701625
TI  - Oblique talus. A separate diagnosis.

PMID- 3701626
TI  - Giant cell tumors of the tendon sheath.

PMID- 3701627
TI  - The effects of soft and semi-rigid orthoses upon rearfoot movement in running.

PMID- 3701628
TI  - Analysis of capsular bag defects and intraocular lens positions for consistent
      centration.
AB  - Radial anterior capsular tears frequently occur in posterior-chamber iris-plane
      phacoemulsification cases. These tears extend to the capsular bag equator and can
      allow the knee of an in-the-bag posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) to
      unfold a smaller anterior capsular remnant. This unfolding can allow the knee of
      the IOL loop to extend beyond the capsular equator, leading to IOL decentration.
      Typical anterior capsular radial tear configurations along with guidelines for
      IOL design selection and orientation after recognition of these tears are
      presented. Proper IOL centration was achieved in 255 of 262 patients (97%) in a
      study observing these guidelines.

PMID- 3701629
TI  - Clinical and pathologic evaluation of a flexible silicone posterior chamber lens
      design in a rabbit model.
AB  - Flexible silicone posterior chamber intraocular lenses made of a proprietary
      formulation were implanted in rabbits following planned extracapsular lens
      extraction. The lenses were of three designs: unfenestrated, partially
      fenestrated, and fully fenestrated haptics. Biostability and tissue reactivity of
      the silicone lenses and another manufacturer's polymethylmethacrylate lenses
      appeared equivalent as evaluated clinically by slitlamp biomicroscopy and by
      light microscopy. The frequency and distribution of lens precipitates were
      evaluated grossly and by scanning electron microscopy and appeared notably less
      prominent on the surfaces of the hydrophobic silicone lenses.

PMID- 3701630
TI  - Two-year postoperative results of Galand lens implantation.
AB  - The Galand lens is a closed J-loop implant for capsular-bag fixation. We present
      a retrospective study of 214 eyes implanted with this lens. Eyes were examined at
      three months, six months, one year, and two years after surgery. Results indicate
      that 82.2% of eyes obtained a visual acuity of 20/40 or better at two years after
      implantation. If patients with other ocular pathology were excluded, the
      percentage of those whose visual acuity was 20/40 or better at two years was
      93.7%. Although this implant avoids "spring action" within the capsular bag, the
      rate of dislocation into the posterior chamber was low (0.93% in this series).
      Early stability, before sealing of the capsular leaflets, was obtained by
      limiting the anterior capsulectomy to the pupillary area. No late zonular rupture
      was observed. Secondary posterior capsulotomy has been performed in 9.8% of the
      eyes.

PMID- 3701631
TI  - Laser retinometry versus clinical estimation of media: a comparison of efficacy
      in predicting visual acuity in patients with lens opacities.
AB  - One hundred eyes with lens opacities requiring cataract extraction were examined
      preoperatively by laser interferometry. Sixty-eight of these eyes were also
      clinically evaluated by estimating media clarity with a direct ophthalmoscope.
      The predicted acuities obtained from these tests were compared to the actual
      postoperative Snellen acuity achieved. Both tests were found to be useful
      predictors; correlation coefficients for interferometry and media estimation were
      .91 and .88, respectively. Each test was less dependable in patients with the
      densest cataracts, with poorer correlation coefficients reflecting this;
      interferometry r = .49 and media estimation r = .19. These results confirm that
      both tests are useful predictors, but their strengths and weaknesses must be
      understood.

PMID- 3701632
TI  - Results in patients with high and low power intraocular lenses.
AB  - Seventy patients who received lens implants of unusually high or low power were
      studied retrospectively. There were 36 myopes and 34 hyperopes. All were followed
      a minimum of two years. Although both groups of patients presented technical
      problems at surgery, the visual acuity and general results were good.

PMID- 3701633
TI  - Bacterial recovery from automated cataract surgical equipment.
AB  - Internal tubing involved in the venting and vacuum mechanism of CooperVision's
      models 8000-V, 7500, and 6500 units were cultured. Several species of bacteria
      were found including Staphylococcus epidermidis. The clinical implications of
      this are discussed as well as a solution to the possibility of intraoperative
      bacterial contamination from the reported source.

PMID- 3701634
TI  - Preoperative orders for cataract and IOL surgery.

PMID- 3701635
TI  - Aspiration pressure of phacoemulsification tips.

PMID- 3701636
TI  - Using the argon laser to cut sutures.

PMID- 3701637
TI  - Posterior peribulbar anesthesia: an alternative to retrobulbar anesthesia.
AB  - Posterior peribulbar anesthesia is a safe alternative to retrobulbar anesthesia
      for ophthalmic surgery. Because the anesthetic is deposited outside the muscle
      cone, the potential for intraocular or intradural injection is greatly minimized.
      Furthermore, intraconal hemorrhage and direct optic nerve injury is avoided. We
      illustrate the details of our technique for posterior peribulbar anesthesia and
      describe our experience in over 1,600 cases.

PMID- 3701638
TI  - Intraocular lens implant exchange and resolution of cystoid macular edema.
AB  - Cystoid macular edema is a recognized complication of cataract extraction and
      intraocular lens implantation with an incidence of 5.2% to 50.0%. We have
      recently performed lens implant exchange in an eye with cystoid macular edema
      which suffered recurrent hyphema (UGH syndrome). In addition to resolution of the
      patient's recurrent hyphema, we observed the resolution of cystoid macular edema
      in this eye.

PMID- 3701639
TI  - Precision capsulotomy with a Sharpoint blade.
AB  - The use of a Sharpoint blade to perform anterior capsulotomy eliminates the
      problem of capsular tags superiorly and facilitates removal of cortical remnants.
      The crisp, clean edge of the superior portion of the capsulotomy enhances
      visualization and aids in intraocular lens placement in the capsular bag.

PMID- 3701640
TI  - Stereoselective behavioral effects of the isomers of pentobarbital and
      secobarbital in the pigeon.
AB  - Little information is available on the contribution of the isomers of
      pentobarbital and secobarbital to the behavioral effects of the racemic mixtures.
      To determine the contribution of each isomer on food-maintained behavior, pigeons
      were trained to respond under either a multiple fixed-ratio 30, fixed-interval
      600 (mult FR30 FI600) schedule, or a multiple fixed-ratio 30, variable-interval
      60-sec (mult FR30 VI60) schedule under which every response under both the FR and
      VI components also produced a brief electrical shock (punishment). Dose-response
      curves were determined separately for each isomer of pentobarbital (1-17.5 mg/kg
      i.m.) and secobarbital (1-17.5 mg/kg i.m.). Under the mult FR30 FI600 schedule,
      the S-(-)-isomers of pentobarbital and secobarbital were slightly less than 2
      fold more potent than the R-(+)-isomers, but both isomers produced qualitatively
      similar effects on responding. The S-(-)-isomers of both barbiturates produced
      increases in punished responding under the mult FR30 VI60 at lower doses than the
      R-(+)-isomers. At high doses (greater than 10 mg/kg), the S-(-)-isomers
      suppressed responding early in the session resulting in a lower average rate of
      punished responding for the session than the R-(+)-isomers. The peak increase in
      punished responding was observed after 10 mg/kg of the R-(+)-isomers of
      pentobarbital and secobarbital. These results indicate that the effect of the
      isomers of pentobarbital and secobarbital on mult FR30 FI600 responding and on
      suppressed responding are qualitatively similar.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3701641
TI  - Taurocholate and steroid glucuronides: mutual protection against cholestasis in
      the isolated perfused rat liver.
AB  - Estradiol-17 beta-(beta-D-glucuronide) (E217G) was shown to be cholestatic in the
      isolated perfused female rat liver. Doses of 0.85, 1.3, 1.7 and 2.1 mumol
      decreased bile flow maximally at 15 to 30 min by 29, 37, 68 and 76% respectively.
      Approximately 95% of a dose of [3H]E217G was cleared from the perfusate in 30 min
      and was secreted in bile, with 93, 85, 71 and 55% of the dose appearing in bile
      within 120 min after doses of 0.85, 1.3, 1.7 and 2.1 mumol, respectively. Neither
      vehicle nor 1.7 mumol of estradiol-3-(beta-D-glucuronide) (E23G) significantly
      altered bile flow. Infusion of taurocholate at 40 and 60 mumol/hr, respectively,
      partially and completely protected against the cholestasis induced by 1.7 mumol
      of E217G. The log dose-response curve for E217G-induced cholestasis was much
      steeper and was shifted to the right in the presence of a 60 mumol/hr infusion of
      taurocholate. Infusion of taurocholate at 80 mumol/hr in the absence of E217G or
      E23G decreased bile flow by 79%. However, addition of 1.7 mumol of either E217G
      or E23G offered marked protection against taurocholate-induced cholestasis and
      increased bile acid secretion. Higher doses (3.4 mumol) of E217G or E23G further
      increased bile flow and bile acid secretion. A model system is presented to
      explain the mutual protection against cholestasis.

PMID- 3701642
TI  - Inhibition of amino acid transport by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a
      model for predicting relative therapeutic potency.
AB  - Indomethacin has been shown to inhibit selectively the rate of alpha
      (methylamino)-isobutyric acid (MeAIB) uptake by the "A" transport system in
      several cell types. This study was undertaken to determine if this activity was
      shared by other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), if the inhibition
      of MeAIB transport was unique to drugs with anti-inflammatory activity and
      finally if it could be correlated with their in vivo potency in humans and in
      animal test systems. Utilizing BRLT rat hepatocyte cultures (hepatocytes cloned
      from Buffalo rats); it was found that all of the acidic NSAID tested inhibited
      MeAIB uptake in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values in the low to
      midmicromolar range. The amount of inhibition was dependent on cell density, time
      of incubation with drug, the media pH and its concentration of protein and amino
      acids. The order of potency of the acidic NSAID in inhibiting MeAIB uptake was
      found to be correlated closely with their potency in the inhibition of
      prostaglandin synthesis in vitro, the suppression of induced inflammatory
      reactions in rats and the maximum recommended daily doses in humans.
      Pharmacologically inactive metabolites of several NSAID had little or no effect
      on MeAIB transport at concentrations up to 10 times greater than active parent
      compounds. Other compounds tested, including glucocorticoids, were found to have
      little effect on the rate of MeAIB uptake. These studies indicate that the
      inhibition of MeAIB uptake in BRLT cells may represent a reliable and rapid
      screen for predicting the therapeutic potency of newly developed NSAID.

PMID- 3701643
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of melphalan in isolated perfusion of the limbs.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of melphalan (L-phenylalanine mustard) in isolated perfusion
      treatment of patients with melanoma in the limbs have been studied at
      standardized pseudo-physiological perfusion conditions. Perfused tissue volumes
      ranged from 2.1 to 16 liters as measured by water displacement. A fixed dose of
      10 mg of the drug per liter of perfused tissue was applied. The resulting
      variation in total melphalan dosage gave rise to varying drug concentrations in
      the perfusate as the extracorporeal system was operated with a fixed volume of
      priming fluid. Perfusion with melphalan was applied for 60 min. Concentrations of
      intact drug were assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The melphalan
      concentrations vs. time for each patient were fitted to a biexponential equation
      using a nonlinear least-squares computer program. Mean half-lives of 4.7 +/- 0.3
      and 53.0 +/- 1.6 min were obtained for the alpha and beta phase, respectively.
      The hybrid constant alpha remained virtually constant with increasing dose (i.e.,
      increasing drug concentration) and beta also appeared independent of dose levels.
      With increasing tissue volume plasma clearance was found to diminish per unit of
      tissue volume. This phenomenon, and a levelling off of the steady-state
      distribution volume with increasing volume of perfused tissue, are discussed in
      terms of a possibly restricted transfer of drug from intravascular to the
      extracellular space and of the possibility of saturation of cellular uptake
      systems in the bulk of the limb tissues.

PMID- 3701644
TI  - Halothane-cooling contractures of mammalian muscles.
AB  - Mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles exposed to halothane
      concentrations (0.3-2.0%) that, at room temperature, have no effect on either
      resting or twitch tension, develop transient contractures when cooled to 2-10
      degrees C. The halothane-cooling contractures (HCC) are reproducible and their
      amplitudes can be graded by both the halothane concentration and the temperature
      of cooling. Under identical conditions the HCC is significantly larger in soleus
      as compared to extensor digitorum longus muscles. The maximal HCC in soleus
      muscles (1-2% halothane, 2 degrees C) reaches 42% of the tetanic tension recorded
      at 24 degrees C; in extensor digitorum longus the maximum is 12% of tetanic
      tension. This difference is ascribed to the predominance of slow-twitch fibers in
      the soleus muscle. Neither membrane depolarization with high [K]0 solutions nor a
      short (2 min) exposure to Ca-free media inhibits the HCC. The contractures are
      depressed, however, when the muscles are preequilibrated for 30 min with Ca-free
      solutions; under these conditions, the muscle twitches and the caffeine-cooling
      contractures are also depressed. These effects are ascribed to partial depletion
      of the Ca content of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The HCC is abolished by 4 mM
      procaine, partially inhibited by 4 to 10 mM procainamide and potentiated by 4 mM
      lidocaine, but it is not significantly affected by dantrolene (40 microM). It is
      proposed that the HCC results from synergistic interaction of halothane and low
      temperature inhibiting Ca-sequestration by the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the
      muscle fibers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3701645
TI  - Development and application of a specific radioimmunoassay for trifluoperazine
      N4'-oxide to a kinetic study in humans.
AB  - A hapten derivative of prochlorperazine N4'-oxide, 7-(3-carboxy-propionyl)
      prochlorperazine N4'-oxide, was synthesized and coupled to bovine serum albumin.
      Immunization of New Zealand White rabbits with this conjugate generated
      antibodies which were utilized to develop a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the
      quantitation of trifluoperazine N4'-oxide (TFPNO). This assay enabled for the
      first time the quantitation of TFPNO in plasma, and 20 pg can be measured in a
      200-microliter plasma sample with a coefficient of variation less than 5%.
      Statistically, indistinguishable results were obtained by the assay procedure
      with or without the selective extraction of TFPNO, and also in the presence or
      absence of an excess of trifluoperazine (TFP) and other major metabolites, such
      as trifluoperazine sulfoxide and 7-hydroxytrifluoperazine. This RIA and a
      previously reported RIA for TFP were used to directly determine plasma
      concentrations of TFP and TFPNO after administration of a single 5-mg p.o. dose
      of TFP to six healthy male volunteers. The mean +/- S.D. for the peak
      concentration, time to peak concentration, area under the curve from 0 to 72 hr
      and the elimination T1/2 for the terminal portion of the plasma concentration vs.
      time curve for TFPNO were found to be 3.7 +/- 0.7 ng/ml, 3.2 +/- 0.4 hr, 51.1 +/-
      9.8 ng X hr/ml and 26.9 +/- 14.0 hr, respectively, whereas the corresponding
      values for TFP were found to be 2.7 +/- 0.7, 3.1 +/- 0.8, 42.2 +/- 6.9 and 21.9
      +/- 6.5, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3701646
TI  - Competition of organic anions for furosemide and p-aminohippurate secretion in
      the rabbit.
AB  - The excretion of [14C]- or [35S]furosemide and [3H]-p-aminohippurate (PAH)
      injected within 4 min into the left renal artery of rabbits was measured under
      brisk mannitol diuresis. The estimated rate of furosemide secretion during the
      first pass through the left kidney was lower than that of PAH when neither of the
      two transport processes were saturated: 7.9 and 12.9% of the total amounts
      injected were secreted per minute, respectively. Different competitive inhibitors
      were injected i.v. Probenecid (50 mg/kg) inhibited furosemide and PAH secretion
      by 95 and 80%, respectively. Pyrazinoate at plasma concentrations of 3 to 5 mM
      had no effect on either anion. Indomethacin (10 mg/kg) depressed furosemide
      secretion by 24% but had no effect on PAH secretion. PAH at a concentration of 9
      to 17 mM in plasma depressed furosemide secretion by only 44 to 66%. Furosemide
      did not inhibit PAH secretion when infused into the left renal artery at a rate
      5000 times higher than PAH. It was concluded that furosemide is secreted partly
      by the transport system secreting PAH, for which it had only a low affinity, and
      partly by a transport system for which indomethacin had some affinity. This
      latter transport system, in turn, differs from that secreting pyrazinoate. The
      furosemide-induced natriuresis, in both kidneys, was proportional to the urinary
      excretion rate of furosemide until the fractional excretion of Na+ reached an
      apparent maximum of 20 to 30%.

PMID- 3701647
TI  - Transport of calcium by the placenta of the rat.
AB  - Transport of 45Ca and of radioactively labelled inert saccharides across the
      intact or perfused placenta was measured in the rat on day 21 of pregnancy, the
      day after mating being day 1. The values of permeability--surface area product
      (PS) of the intact placenta to radioactive mannitol, sucrose, raffinose, and
      methoxyinulin were approximately proportional to their diffusion coefficients in
      water. This suggests that diffusion of inert hydrophilic molecules across the rat
      placenta takes place through wide aqueous channels. Net flux of Ca from mother to
      fetus, estimated from the increase of the fetal Ca content between day 20 and day
      21 is 100 +/- 4 nmol min-1 (the limits here and below are S.E. of means). The
      unidirectional maternal-fetal flux of Ca (Jmf) in non-anaesthetized animals,
      estimated from the flux of 45Ca, is 100 +/- 7 nmol min-1. The similarity of the
      two values suggests that the fetal-maternal flux (Jfm) is small The umbilical
      vascular bed of the rat placenta was perfused in situ with Krebs-dextran fluid.
      Jmf estimated from the transfer of 45Ca from maternal plasma to perfusate was 81
      +/- 4 nmol min-1. PS of the perfused placenta to radioactive sucrose was 2.6 +/-
      0.3 microliter min-1. Jmf decreased reversibly when the placenta was perfused
      with 0.5 mM-dinitrophenol or 1 mM-CN-, which is consistent with the presumed
      active nature of the maternal-fetal transport of Ca. Jmf did not decrease when
      the placenta was perfused with Na-free fluids (substitution with Tris, Li or
      sucrose), indicating that Na-Ca exchange across the fetal border of the placental
      trophoblast is not involved in maternal-fetal transport of Ca. Transport of 45Ca
      to the perfusate was reduced to about 60% when maternal plasma concentration of
      Ca was doubled. This suggests that the affinity of the maternal-fetal transport
      system to Ca is high. Jmf did not change when the umbilical concentration of Ca
      was varied between 0.1 and 3 mM. There thus seems to be no rapid feed-back
      between umbilical concentration of Ca and transport of Ca from mother to fetus.
      Fetal-maternal transfer of Ca, estimated from the steady-state extraction of 45Ca
      from the umbilical perfusate, is only about 20% of the maternal-fetal transfer.
      Umbilical extraction of 45Ca changed only little when umbilical concentration of
      Ca was varied between 0.1 and 3 mM. This suggests that either most of the fetal
      maternal transport of Ca is diffusional or the fetal-maternal transport system
      has a very low affinity to Ca.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3701648
TI  - Lamina VIII interneurones interposed in crossed reflex pathways in the cat.
AB  - The location of a group of interneurones projecting to contralateral motor nuclei
      has been established using retrograde transneuronal transport of horseradish
      peroxidase conjugated with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA-HRP). After labelling the
      motoneurones of semitendinosus, medial gastrocnemius or quadriceps muscles,
      interneurones which were secondarily labelled were found in lamina VIII and in
      the neighbouring narrow strip of lamina VII. They were found to be distributed
      from the 4th lumbar to the 1st sacral segments, with the highest concentration in
      the 6th and 7th lumbar segments and at the border between the 4th and 5th lumbar
      segments. The electrophysiological properties of lamina VIII interneurones of the
      6th lumbar segment have been investigated using both extracellular and
      intracellular recording. Many of these interneurones could be antidromically
      activated following weak stimuli applied in contralateral motor nuclei. Post
      synaptic potentials were evoked from a variety of primary afferents including
      group I muscle afferents. However, when present, the post-synaptic potentials
      (p.s.p.s) of group I origin were of considerably smaller amplitudes than p.s.p.s.
      evoked from higher threshold muscle or cutaneous afferents and smaller than
      p.s.p.s. which followed stimulation of the spinal cord at the thoracic level.
      P.s.p.s. from the latter two sources appear to constitute the main input to
      lamina VIII interneurones. Group I input has been found in forty lamina VIII
      interneurones. These were usually affected by either ipsilateral or contralateral
      group I afferents and only exceptionally by both. Excitatory post-synaptic
      potentials (e.p.s.p.s) from ipsilateral afferents were evoked in about twice as
      many neurones as e.p.s.p.s from the contralateral afferents. E.p.s.p.s were often
      accompanied by inhibitory post-synaptic potentials (i.p.s.p.s). Group Ia
      afferents appeared to contribute to both e.p.s.p.s and i.p.s.p.s, whether these
      were evoked from ipsilateral or from contralateral afferents. In several cases Ia
      afferents were as effective as all group I afferents while in other cases Ib
      afferents appeared to be an important or even the exclusive source of the
      p.s.p.s. The latencies of e.p.s.p.s indicated that they were evoked mono-, di- or
      trisynaptically from ipsilateral group I afferents and di- or trisynaptically
      from contralateral afferents, I.p.s.p.s appeared to be evoked via pathways with
      only one additional interneurone. About one-third of all the intracellularly
      investigated lamina VIII interneurones were both affected by group I afferents
      and antidromically activated from the contralateral motor nuclei.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3701649
TI  - Effects of frequency on the wave form of propagated slow waves in canine gastric
      antral muscle.
AB  - Experiments were performed to test the effects of frequency on the wave form of
      electrical slow waves in canine antral circular muscle. At frequencies between
      3.0 and 5.6 cycles per minute antral slow waves revealed an alternating wave form
      pattern. At physiological frequencies antral muscle was incapable of consistently
      propagating mechanically productive slow waves. Two components of the slow wave
      were identified on the basis of propagation refractory period. At inter-slow-wave
      intervals of 3-14 s, the amplitude and duration of the plateau phase wave
      decreased, but the upstroke phase of the slow wave was minimally affected.
      Intervals of 2.5-4 s resulted in a normal upstroke event but abolished the
      plateau. At shorter intervals the upstroke phase of the slow wave was greatly
      reduced or abolished. The absolute propagation refractory period averaged 2.8 +/-
      0.9 s (n = 7) following repolarization of a 'conditioning' slow wave. Slow waves
      failed to propagate within the absolute propagation refractory period.
      Acetylcholine decreased the interval required for the plateau phase of the slow
      wave to recover and permitted conduction of mechanically productive slow waves at
      or above physiological frequencies. The data presented suggest that gastric
      motility is modulated by extrinsic and intrinsic factors which regulate slow-wave
      frequency.

PMID- 3701650
TI  - Enzyme activities in single electrophysiologically identified crab muscle fibres.
AB  - The superficial muscle fibres in the proximal part of the closer muscle in the
      crab Eriphia can be separated into four fibre groups (I-IV) on the basis of
      electrophysiological and histochemical characteristics. The activity levels of
      glyceraldehydephosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),
      citrate synthase (CS), NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA
      dehydrogenase (HAD), determined in single electrophysiologically identified
      fibres, differed significantly among the different fibre groups. In addition,
      fibres belonging to the same group, with similar electrophysiological
      characteristics, demonstrated variability with regard to metabolic enzyme
      activities. Nevertheless, comparison of absolute enzyme activities and enzyme
      activity ratios permitted the discrimination of at least three groups. These
      groups corresponded with those defined according to electrophysiological and
      histochemical characteristics. The group I fibres (tonic fibres) are intermediate
      in oxidative potential and show the lowest values of glycolytic enzymes. The
      group II and group III fibres can be regarded as fast oxidative fibres. The high
      ratio between activity levels of enzymes for glycolytic and oxidative metabolism
      found for group IV fibres (fast fibres) demonstrated that this group depends
      strongly on anaerobic metabolism.

PMID- 3701652
TI  - Stimulation of pulmonary C fibres decreases coronary arterial resistance in dogs.
AB  - A constant-flow preparation was used to assess coronary arterial resistance while
      activating pulmonary C fibres in chloralose-anaesthetized dogs. A Gregg cannula
      was passed through the left common carotid artery until the tip fitted snugly in
      the left circumflex coronary artery. The cannula was perfused with blood from the
      left femoral artery and blood flow through the cannula was maintained constant
      with a perfusion pump. Perfusion pressure in the coronary artery was measured
      from a side arm in the cannula, and resistance in that vessel was calculated as
      the ratio of pressure to blood flow. Capsaicin (10-20 micrograms/kg), injected
      into the right jugular vein, produced significant (P less than 0.05) decreases in
      heart rate, systemic arterial pressure, coronary arterial pressure and coronary
      arterial resistance. These responses were abolished by bilateral vagotomy.
      Neither left atrial injections of capsaicin nor acutely decreasing the systemic
      arterial pressure by occluding the inferior vena cava had a significant effect on
      the coronary arterial pressure or resistance. Additionally, overdrive pacing of
      the heart had no effect on the reflex decreases in coronary arterial pressure and
      resistance that were evoked when capsaicin was injected into the jugular vein.
      alpha-Adrenergic blockade reduced the reflex decrease in coronary arterial
      pressure and resistance evoked by capsaicin by 31 and 38%, respectively. Combined
      alpha-adrenergic and cholinergic blockade reduced the reflex decreases in both
      coronary arterial pressure and resistance by approximately 89%. These results
      indicate that activation of pulmonary C fibres produces a reflex decrease in
      coronary arterial resistance, and that this response is due to the combined
      effects of increased parasympathetic cholinergic activity and withdrawal of alpha
      adrenergic tone.

PMID- 3701651
TI  - Fluid reabsorption by the proximal convoluted tubule of the kidney in lactating
      rats.
AB  - Using free-flow micropuncture techniques, the rate of reabsorption from the
      proximal convoluted tubules was measured in virgin, 19-day-pregnant and 6- to 7
      day-lactating Sprague-Dawley rats. In separate groups of animals proximal
      convoluted tubules were filled with silicone rubber, dissected out and their
      lengths measured. Single nephron glomerular rate was increased in pregnant and
      lactating animals. The rate of reabsorption per unit length of the proximal
      convoluted tubule was decreased in pregnant animals but similar in virgins and
      lactating rats. The proximal convoluted tubule was increased in length in
      pregnant and lactating animals. As a result the total reabsorption by the
      proximal convoluted tubule was similar in virgin and pregnant animals but
      increased in lactating animals. The amount reabsorbed by the loop of Henle and
      distal parts of the nephron is greater in pregnant and lactating animals than in
      virgins.

PMID- 3701653
TI  - Sympathetic innervation and excitability of arterioles originating from the rat
      middle cerebral artery.
AB  - The densities of the adrenergic innervation of the internal carotid and middle
      cerebral arteries and their extracerebral branches have been determined using
      fluorescence histochemistry. The density of the nerve plexus on the internal
      carotid artery was greater than that of the middle cerebral artery. The density
      of the plexus on the middle cerebral artery decreased with increasing distance
      from its origin. The density and the peripheral extent of the nerve fibre plexus
      on the arterioles arising from the carotid artery were greater than those arising
      from the middle cerebral artery. On any arteriole the density of innervation
      decreased with increasing distance from its origin. The passive electrical
      properties of proximal and distal middle cerebral arteriolar segments were
      compared. Both proximal and distal arteriolar segments had similar resistances
      and time constants in the order of 100 M omega and 250 ms respectively. Small
      regenerative responses could be elicited in all proximal middle cerebral
      arteriolar segments but only in a proportion of corresponding distal segments.
      The addition of external tetraethylammonium ions (TEA) provided much larger
      regenerative responses. Action potentials in proximal middle cerebral arteriolar
      segments had larger peak amplitudes and faster rise times than those of
      corresponding distal segments. Distal carotid arteriolar segments had similar
      voltage-dependent excitability as proximal segments of middle cerebral arterioles
      but generated less inward current for a given voltage step. There was a direct
      correlation between the density of innervation and the voltage-dependent
      excitability of arteriolar smooth muscle cells. The possibility that the presence
      of nerves is correlated with the density of calcium channels is discussed.

PMID- 3701654
TI  - Red nucleus inputs to retractor bulbi motoneurones in the cat.
AB  - Rubral projections to retractor bulbi motoneurones were investigated by
      intracellular recording in the accessory abducens nucleus in the cat. Their post
      synaptic effects were compared with those of trigeminal afferent pathways. Post
      synaptic potentials evoked by stimulation of the contralateral red nucleus were
      predominantly excitatory, with latencies in the monosynaptic range. Post-synaptic
      potentials evoked by stimulation of the ipsilateral red nucleus, at threshold,
      were predominantly inhibitory with latencies indicating a di- or trisynaptic
      pathway. At above threshold intensity, an earlier excitatory post-synaptic
      potential (e.p.s.p.) preceded the inhibitory post-synaptic potential (i.p.s.p.)
      in about half the recorded neurones. Convergence of rubral and trigeminal inputs
      was also observed in other neurones, not identified as retractor bulbi
      motoneurones, but situated within the accessory abducens nucleus.

PMID- 3701655
TI  - Mechanical properties of skin and responsiveness of slowly adapting type I
      mechanoreceptors in rats at different ages.
AB  - Slowly adapting type I (s.a. I) cutaneous mechanoreceptors were studied in young
      (3-4 months old) and adult (9-11 months old) rats. Trains of thirty repetitive
      mechanical stimuli with 0.1 s rise time, 1.9 s plateau phase, and 0.7 s
      interstimulus interval were applied. A feed-back mechanism maintained the force
      of stimulation at 20 mN during the plateau phases of stimuli and the contact
      force between stimuli at 0.5 mN. During the first few stimuli in a train residual
      indentation at contact force increased rapidly. Maximal indentation required to
      maintain the force of stimulation of 20 mN increased as well but to a smaller
      extent. Thus, the stroke amplitudes of individual stimuli decreased with
      increasing stimulus number. All displacement values in the group of adult rats
      were consistently reduced to 62 +/- 3% of the respective values in the group of
      young rats, indicating a linear decrease in skin compliance in the force range of
      0.5-20 mN. Nervous responses to individual stimuli decreased from about 200
      impulses for stimulus number 1 to about 60 impulses for stimulus number 30.
      Significant differences in the number of impulses between young and adult rats
      were observed from stimulus number 9 to number 16 only. It is concluded that the
      design of the s.a. I receptor allows maintained high tactile sensitivity in
      response to force-related stimuli irrespective of age-induced changes in
      mechanical properties of the skin and underlying tissues.

PMID- 3701656
TI  - Responsiveness and ultrastructure of slowly adapting type I cutaneous
      mechanoreceptors in vitamin A deficient rats.
AB  - Single-unit recordings were made from afferent nerve fibres supplying slowly
      adapting type I (s.a. I) cutaneous mechanoreceptors in anaesthetized vitamin A
      deficient and control rats. Trains of thirty repetitive mechanical stimuli with
      0.1 s rise time, 1.9 s plateau phase, and 0.7 s interstimulus interval were
      applied. A feed-back mechanism maintained the force of stimulation at 20 mN
      during the plateau phases and the contact force between stimuli at 0.5 mN. All
      displacement values in the group of vitamin A deficient rats were significantly
      larger than the corresponding control values. Residual indentations were
      increased by 70-100% while maximal indentations were only about 40% higher. These
      results indicate a non-linear increase in compliance of the skin and underlying
      tissues. S.a. I receptors were found to be significantly less responsive in
      vitamin A deficient animals. Mean numbers of impulses were about 25% lower in the
      vitamin A deficient group than in controls throughout the entire train of thirty
      stimuli. In vitamin A deficient rats, Merkel cells and adjoining nerve terminals
      showed signs of degeneration of a variety of cell organelles, particularly the
      mitochondria. Degenerative changes induced by vitamin A deficiency especially in
      the Merkel cells appeared to be a major cause of the reduction of responsiveness
      in s.a. I receptors.

PMID- 3701657
TI  - Facilitation of vergence changes by saccades: influences of misfocused images and
      of disparity stimuli in man.
AB  - When confronted with randomly presented targets demanding change in mean visual
      direction (version of 4.5-7 deg) as well as a change in vergence (1.5-2.5 deg)
      both naive and experienced subjects can make short-latency saccades which differ
      markedly and appropriately in the excursion of the two eyes, and which thereby
      achieve a large fraction of the required change in vergence. Mean values for the
      portion of vergence change occurring during the saccades, over all target
      positions, ranged from 41 to 70% for the five subjects tested, but subject
      specific directional biases in performance were also conspicuous. When such
      targets were presented randomly during monocular viewing, so that only
      accommodation cues could induce vergence change, a consistent fraction (13-48%)
      of the resulting vergence movement also occurred during the saccades. These data
      indicate that on average about one-quarter of the intra-saccadic vergence change
      achieved during binocular viewing could have been due to accommodation stimuli
      perceived by one eye. The monocular results indicate that the direction of image
      misfocus (nearer vs. farther), which guides accommodation-vergence, can be
      correctly distinguished for targets which are about 6 deg from the centre of the
      fovea, and that this assessment can be made within the 200-300 ms latency for
      saccadic eye movements, and hence without trial-and-error refocusing. The
      binocular inequality of saccades during monocular viewing involved conspicuous
      subject-specific right-left asymmetries, as well as consistently positive within
      subject correlations between intra-saccadic vergence change and finally realized
      accommodation-vergence movement, and consistent correlations between phoria
      before the saccade and intra-saccadic vergence change.

PMID- 3701658
TI  - Modulation by applied electric fields of Purkinje and stellate cell activity in
      the isolated turtle cerebellum.
AB  - Quasi steady-state electric fields were applied across the isolated turtle
      cerebellum to study the relationship between applied field, neuronal morphology
      and the modulation of the neuronal spike firing pattern. Spiking elements were
      identified electrophysiologically using extracellular recording methods and by
      subsequent horseradish peroxidase injection, which revealed their dendritic
      morphology and orientation. The electric field was precisely defined by measuring
      the voltage gradients induced in the cerebellum by 40 s constant-current pulses.
      The field was constant in the vertical (dorso-ventral) axis and zero in the
      horizontal plane, in agreement with theory. Neurones were modulated by applying a
      sinusoidal field at frequencies between 0.05 and 1.0 Hz. Modulated cells
      exhibited an increase in firing frequency and fell into one of four classes,
      depending on the direction of the field that produced the modulation. Thus
      neurones were excited by: ventricle-directed fields (V modulation), pia-directed
      fields (P modulation), both of the above (V/P modulation) or showed no consistent
      modulation (non-modulation). Most Purkinje somata and primary dendrites (nineteen
      out of twenty-eight) and most Purkinje dendrites (eighteen out of thirty), were V
      modulated with maximum rate proportional to the peak field intensity. The
      dendrites of these cells were consistently oriented toward the pia. Among the
      stellate cells, the lower molecular layer stellates, with dendrites extending
      predominantly towards the pia, were mostly (nineteen out of thirty-two) V
      modulated. The mid-molecular layer stellates, which showed much variability in
      dendritic orientation, were distributed among all four of the modulation classes.
      The upper molecular layer stellates, with a mostly horizontal dendritic
      alignment, were mainly (nine out of sixteen) non-modulated. All groups of spiking
      elements showed a correlation between patterns of modulation by applied fields
      and dendritic orientation, which suggests the degree of differential polarization
      of the extended cable elements of the neurone by the applied field as the basic
      mechanism for field-induced excitation or inhibition. The threshold for
      modulation among all neurones was 15-20 mV/mm, which is similar to the fields
      that modulate other nervous tissues. This suggests that many neurones can be
      modulated by fields of the order of 10-20 mV/mm.

PMID- 3701659
TI  - [A neurochemical study of rat brain maldevelopment induced by MAM treatment at
      different stages of gestation].
AB  - The regional levels of several cell marker proteins in the brain and the ability
      of operant discrimination learning on a multiple fixed ratio (FR), fixed interval
      (FI) schedule were determined in rats with microencephaly induced by prenatal
      treatment with methylazoxymethanol (MAM), an antimitotic agent, on the 11 th to
      13 th days (Group A) or on the 15 th day (Group B) of gestation. The cell marker
      proteins were determined with a sensitive enzyme immunoassay. Neuron-specific
      enolase (NSE; gamma gamma-enolase) had a significantly lowered level in the
      neocortex anterior in Group A. Non-neuronal enolase (NNE; alpha alpha-enolase)
      was significantly reduced in the superior colliculus, lateral geniculate body and
      optic nerve, but increased 1.5 fold in the retina in Group A. S-100b protein, a
      marker of astroglial cells, showed no significant change. As for the learning
      performance, the Group B animals showed an elevated behavioral activity and made
      evident discrimination between the FI and FR schedule. But Group A animals had
      prolonged FR components requiring responses to light on, and their spontaneous
      activity counts recorded by Automex showed an inhibition of behavior in light
      environments. These findings suggest a causative role of some developmental
      abnormality in the central visual system, indicated by the aberrant cell marker
      levels, in the disturbed learning ability of the Group A animals.

PMID- 3701660
TI  - Repeated measurement of peak blood lactate after exhaustive treadmill exercise in
      men.

PMID- 3701661
TI  - Sentential structure and the perceptual spans of two samples of disabled readers.
AB  - The constructs of accuracy and speed were adopted as performance criteria against
      which to define two clinical samples of disabled readers. Accuracy-disabled
      subjects had failed to achieve reliable age-appropriate word recognition skills.
      Rate-disabled readers were age-appropriate in word recognition accuracy but
      deficient on measures of contextual accuracy and reading speed. When their eye
      voice spans were measured under different text manipulations, accuracy-disabled
      and rate-disabled children differed in the magnitude of their perceptual spans
      during the act of reading. The two samples did not differ in the extent to which
      they availed themselves of contextual constraints to extend their spans in the
      reading of connected text. Both samples of disabled readers appeared able to use
      syntactic information as an independent source of sentential information in
      reading, even the sample whose reading disability was associated with oral syntax
      deficits. Comparisons with a previous sample of normal beginning readers
      suggested both types of disabled readers to be reading with perceptual spans of
      reduced dimensions.

PMID- 3701662
TI  - Children's knowledge of prepositional phrase structure: an experimental test.
AB  - A test of prepositional phrase structure in 4- to 6-year-old children's language
      is reported. Children's productions of PP and verb-particle sequences were
      elicited. Children produced pronominal and full NP objects of sequences
      corresponding to PPs and verb-plus-particle in the adult grammar. Prepositions
      freely took both pronominal and full NP objects ("He's jumping over it." "He's
      jumping over the table"). In particle verb constructions, pronominal objects were
      placed immediately after the verb in all but a few cases ("He's pushing it over"
      not "He's pushing over it"). With full NP objects, the preference was to place
      the verb after the particle ("He's pushing over the table"). These facts support
      an analysis in which if the child constructs a PP-over-P--NP structure for
      prepositional phrases but not for verb-particle sequences, and follows adultlike
      rules for these structures.

PMID- 3701663
TI  - Blepharospasm and Meige syndrome: a review of diagnostic, aetiological and
      treatment approaches.

PMID- 3701664
TI  - Expression of positive emotion by people who are physically ill: is it evidence
      of defending or coping?
AB  - Content analysis scales were used to explore whether the expression of positive
      emotion by patients is better interpreted as defending or coping. This intensive
      study of the psychological states of a large sample of hospitalised patients
      showed that positive emotion was associated for them with expressions of
      competence and reports of satisfying interpersonal relationships. Positive
      emotion was also associated with relatively little depression or indirectly
      expressed anger. This support for the assumption that positive emotion occurs as
      a result of effective coping was reinforced by other findings. Positive emotion
      was also found to be associated with little interference with their interpersonal
      relationships by the patients' illness and with support perceived to be available
      from family and community. These findings are discussed in terms of the value of
      positive emotion for patients and their implications for the management of
      patients while they are hospitalized.

PMID- 3701665
TI  - Differential reactions of type A and type B males to negative feedback about
      performance.
AB  - Psychological and physiological reactions to a failure experience were studied in
      type A males and type B males both during task and no-task periods. Before
      failure was induced, no difference in sympathetic reactivity was found, neither
      during task nor during no-task periods. After an experience of failure type A
      subjects showed higher sympathetic activation and effort to perform well,
      compared to type B subjects. The higher activation in type A subjects was even
      more prominent during no-task periods. The results are related to differences in
      coping strategy between type A and type B individuals, and the situational
      dependency of increased activation in type A subjects is discussed.

PMID- 3701666
TI  - An assessment of psychological state associated with the menstrual cycle in users
      of oral contraception.
AB  - Reports of state in relation to the menstrual cycle were investigated using daily
      measures of state in a group of 65 family planning clinic attenders without pre
      existing menstrual complaint. Women reported significant changes in their
      physical and psychological state prior to menstruation which reverted to "normal'
      levels 3-5 days after the onset of menstruation. No statistically significant
      differences were found between the patterns of oral contraceptive users and non
      users.

PMID- 3701667
TI  - Self-referral to primary care: symptoms and social factors.
AB  - Previous analyses of data obtained from a comparative study of Health Centre
      consulters and controls have indicated that the influence of social and
      demographic factors upon consulting behaviour is slight compared with that of
      symptom severity. However, the samples were very heterogeneous and some variables
      may be influential for certain sub-groups but not for others. Subjects were
      classified according to whether they thought their symptoms were caused by
      internal physical, external physical or psychological factors. For all groups the
      likelihood of consultation was highest for those who said they had no idea what
      caused their ill-health and for those who thought it had an internal physical
      cause. A significant interaction between marital status and attributed cause
      showed that the reduced likelihood of consultation amongst women living in a
      stable relationship with husband or cohabitee, did not apply to those who
      attributed their symptoms to an external physical cause. Changes in patients'
      concepts of causation following the consultation with their doctor supported the
      idea that the GP often succeeds in reassuring patients who cannot understand
      their symptoms or who, without reason, fear they may be suffering from serious
      physical illness.

PMID- 3701668
TI  - The relationship between nocturnal motility and the enuresis alarm device.
AB  - The mode of action of the enuresis alarm is not clear. Earlier work suggested
      that the wire mesh itself may alter sleep and in this way affect nocturnal
      enuresis. Seven healthy males have been studied within a two-period cross-over
      design in which their nocturnal motility, on and off an enuresis wire mesh, was
      recorded using a motility bed. There were no order, treatment or day effects in
      any of the variables studied. However, the mean hourly motility for each subject
      averaged over the three nights shows a substantial trend towards increased
      motility on the mesh. This lends some support to the hypothesis and merits
      further study.

PMID- 3701669
TI  - Stress and hopelessness in the promotion of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia to
      invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix.
AB  - Stress and hopelessness have been associated with the development of invasive
      cervical cancer by previous research. Subjects in this study were recruited from
      a colposcopy clinic awaiting work-up of an abnormal pap smear and from those
      admitted to an in-patient gynecology ward for cone biopsy of the cervix or
      hysterectomy to treat a symptomatic pelvic mass thought to be uterine leiomyomas.
      After data collection, pathology reports and colposcopic findings were used to
      determine group assignment independent of subjects' knowledge of their diagnosis.
      A modest stress-promotion correlation was derived, which was greatly enhanced by
      significant interactions with low levels of cooperative coping style and for high
      levels of premorbid pessimism, future despair, somatic anxiety, and life threat
      reactivity. These stress-moderator interactions are discussed in terms of immune
      system deficit with concomitant enhancement of promotion of CIN to invasive
      squamous cell cervical cancer.

PMID- 3701670
TI  - The psychosocial adjustment to illness scale (PAIS).
AB  - The current report introduces the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS)
      and its self-report version the PAIS-SR. The PAIS is a multi-dimensional, semi
      structured clinical interview designed to assess the psychological and social
      adjustment of medical patients, or members of their immediate families, to the
      patient's illness. The report reviews and discusses the concepts that form the
      foundation for the development of the PAIS. In terms of psychometric
      characteristics, both internal consistency and interrater reliabilities are
      presented and a series of predictive and convergent validity studies are
      reviewed. Six normative illness groups are described and discussed, and
      contributions to construct validity for the scale from factor analytic and other
      studies of internal structure are presented.

PMID- 3701671
TI  - [The empty delta sign. A useful or misleading sign in cerebral x-ray computed
      tomography?].
AB  - One case of bifidity of the superior sagittal sinus, resulting in a false "empty
      delta sign", is presented. The authors emphasize the importance of the indirect
      signs of sinovenous thrombosis, i.e. cerebral edema and multiple or bilateral
      hemorrhagic infarcts, in the diagnosis of true empty delta sign.

PMID- 3701672
TI  - [The upper urinary tract intermittent obstruction syndrome].

PMID- 3701673
TI  - [Pericardial effusion with involvement of the superior aortic recessus of the
      pericardium. An x-ray computed tomographic case].
AB  - Computed tomography imaging in a patient with a pericardial effusion showed fluid
      collection in the superior recessus of pericardium confirmed by mediastinoscopy.
      Topographic and morphologic criteria and anatomic bases of the radiologic
      diagnosis are described, and emphasis placed on the fact that because of density
      variations in pericardial effusions the latter has to be added to the already
      long list of abnormal opacities of Barety's space.

PMID- 3701674
TI  - [Pelvimetry by digitalized radiography].
AB  - We studied the ability of digital radiographs generated on a computed tomography
      scanner to replace conventional pelvimetry. Two digital radiograph's and one CT
      section permit us to measure the maternal pelvis. The anteroposterior digital
      radiograph allows measurement of the maximum transverse and median transverse
      diameters of the pelvic inlet. These two distances are corrected for
      magnification after reference to the lateral digital radiograph and to a graph
      determined owing to a phantom. The anteroposterior digital radiograph also
      permits to perform a CT section passing through the ischial spines with direct
      measurement of the inter spinous diameter. The lateral digital radiograph gives
      us the true values for the anteroposterior diameter of the pelvic inlet, the low
      sagittal diameter, the cord and the rise of the sacrum. The dosimetry studies
      demonstrated that maternal skin doses and fetal gonad doses were very low.
      Pelvimetry using digital radiography is a simple and rapid to perform procedure
      which offers the advantage of low radiation exposure to both fetus and mother and
      a high accuracy of measurement.

PMID- 3701675
TI  - [Immediate paper prints for publications and exhibits].
AB  - A simple method for immediate paper printing of documents with film illustrations
      uses a contact print of the mask of the original.

PMID- 3701676
TI  - [Lateral thought, a pilot for vertical thought].
AB  - Vertical thought represents the trunk of all thoughts common to training received
      and experiences acquired by the examiner. It is logical and constructive, and
      easily blocked. Lateral thought is perceptible. It disorients or reorients
      vertical thought due to scientific perceptions of the discipline of imagery.

PMID- 3701677
TI  - Abdominal pregnancy. Case report and review of the literature.

PMID- 3701678
TI  - Athetosis in typhoid fever.
AB  - A case of typhoid fever with neuropsychiatric features is described. These
      comprised confusion and delirium, meningism, a single major convulsion and
      bilateral athetoic movements. Athetosis has not previously been described in
      typhoid fever and must now be added to the long list of neuropsychiatric
      manifestations of this disease.

PMID- 3701679
TI  - Malignant melanoma arising de novo within a T.A.B.T. inoculation site.
AB  - A case of malignant melanoma arising in a T.A.B.T. inoculation site is reported.
      Any progressive change within a inoculation scar, or immunisation site, should be
      thoroughly evaluated and treated appropriately after tissue diagnosis.

PMID- 3701680
TI  - A study of the selection and control of exercise casualties for hospital
      collective training.
AB  - A project sponsored by HQ AMS TA and executed by an experienced TA Commanding
      Officer enhanced the effectiveness of Hospital Collective Training by improving
      the standard of selection and documentation of the input of exercise casualties,
      and set up the basis of a comprehensive library of casualty cards for future use.

PMID- 3701682
TI  - A cheap, efficient nebuliser for use at home.

PMID- 3701681
TI  - Attitudes to the administrative management of service patients with epilepsy and
      related disorders among army physicians.
AB  - The case histories of ten patients suffering from epilepsy or related disorders
      were sent to all serving Consultant Physicians and Senior Specialists in Medicine
      in the Army. They were asked their opinions on the PULHEEMS Grading and
      restriction of duty in each case. In many cases there was a wide range of opinion
      on the management. Clearer guidelines concerning the diagnosis and administrative
      management of patients need to be drawn up to allow Service physicians to be
      consistent and fair to their patients.

PMID- 3701683
TI  - Combat stress disorder and the military physician. An approach to a category of
      post-traumatic stress disorder.
AB  - The paper addresses the clinical entity of Combat Stress Reaction as it occurs in
      its immediate, undifferentiated form as well as its well-defined form - PTSD.
      Some aspects, such as the adaptive function of the syndrome and its relationship
      to physical injury, which may be of particular interest to the general military
      physician are touched upon.

PMID- 3701684
TI  - An outbreak of gastroenteritis in an airmobile unit.
AB  - An infantry battalion as part of an Airmobile Brigade took part in a field
      exercise in Germany during mid summer 1984. During the exercise the battalion
      suffered from an outbreak of gastroenteritis which affected at least 64 men, some
      10% of its total strength. The follow up investigation revealed that it was
      likely that the origin of the outbreak was uncontrolled drinking of polluted
      water from two streams. This paper seeks to underline the lesson that poor water
      discipline can have serious consequences for units in the field.

PMID- 3701685
TI  - Attitudes of general practitioners towards premenstrual symptoms and those who
      suffer from them.
AB  - General practitioners' views about premenstrual symptoms and about the women who
      suffer from them were sought by means of a postal questionnaire. An hormonal
      aetiology was favoured by the majority of the doctors and significantly more
      female than male doctors held this view. There was a diversity of opinion about
      the most appropriate management; the most favoured treatments were with
      progesterone analogues, pyridoxine and diuretics. Approximately half of the
      practitioners thought that women who suffer from premenstrual symptoms are no
      different from women in general. Those practitioners who felt that differences do
      exist claimed that sufferers from such symptoms are more likely than women in
      general to be more hypochondriacal, introverted and intelligent, as well as being
      more likely to be married, to have small families and to be from a higher social
      class. In general, the views of the doctors were not related to their years of
      experience, their practice base (that is, rural or urban) or their sex.

PMID- 3701686
TI  - Contraceptive care and family planning in an urban general practice.

PMID- 3701687
TI  - Use of management-by-objective for the case finding and treatment of
      hypertension.
AB  - A management-by-objective approach was used by the health care administration of
      the Kupat Holim Sick Fund to improve the detection and quality of treatment of
      hypertension in 20 family practices in Ashdod, Israel. The number of hypertensive
      patients in each practice was estimated from the age-sex register and this was
      compared with the actual number. The combined prevalence in the 20 practices was
      only 20.8% of the expected prevalence, and of those treated the blood pressure of
      29.6% was not under control (diastolic pressure 95 mmHg or over). The practice
      teams committed themselves to improving the detection of hypertension by active
      case finding. Once every six months for three years the health care consultant
      reviewed the results of detection and treatment with each team. After three years
      the number of hypertensive patients had increased from 977 patients (20.8% of
      expected prevalence) to 2914 patients (62.1%) - a three-fold increase. The
      percentage of treated patients whose blood pressure was not under control
      (diastolic pressure 95 mmHg or over) did not change substantially (from 29.6% to
      27.9%). A management-by-objective approach, when accompanied by regular feedback,
      appears to motivate primary care teams to improve the detection of hypertension
      in their patients.

PMID- 3701688
TI  - A medical record folder for the Lloyd George envelope.
AB  - A summary card in the form of a four page folder is described for use in the
      standard medical record envelope. It holds the current continuation card, has
      space for basic patient data, a problem list and a simple biography and provides
      an aid to regular screening and other preventive measures.

PMID- 3701689
TI  - Current involvement of university departments of general practice in the final
      qualifying examinations of medical schools in the UK.

PMID- 3701690
TI  - Postherpetic neuralgia.

PMID- 3701691
TI  - The case for developmental gerontology--Thompson's octad.

PMID- 3701692
TI  - Divine healing: the Christian view.

PMID- 3701693
TI  - Testicular torsion presenting with abdominal pain.

PMID- 3701694
TI  - Outcomes research in general practice.

PMID- 3701695
TI  - Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy--a view from general practice.
AB  - An open-access upper gastrointestinal endoscopy service for general practitioners
      is described. Between July 1981 and May 1985, 391 endoscopies were performed on
      354 patients. In contrast to the results of other studies, demand for endoscopy
      and the pick-up rate for major lesions has remained steady, and the number of
      requests for barium meals has fallen by almost a quarter. Major lesions - cancer,
      gastric and duodenal ulcers and severe oesophagitis - were found in 33% of
      patients. Oesophagitis accounted for 28% of positive endoscopies and 18% of
      positive endoscopies in patients with barium negative dyspepsia. With scarce
      resources there may, however, be a case for ;selective' access to upper
      gastrointestinal endoscopy in the future.

PMID- 3701696
TI  - Prolactin administration during the luteal and follicular phase of the oestrous
      cycle of gilts.
AB  - In Exp. I infusions of prolactin (0.5 mg in 2 ml sterile saline) were repeated
      every 2 h for 36 h on Days 12-13 of the cycle. In Exp. II infusions of prolactin
      were administered from Days 17 to 19 (60 h) at 2-h intervals. Control gilts were
      given 2 ml sterile saline at similar intervals during the same period. Basal
      prolactin concentrations before initiation of infusions ranged from 1.3 +/- 0.1
      to 5.6 +/- 2.2 ng/ml in both experiments. By 5 min after a prolactin infusion,
      mean plasma prolactin concentration ranged from 74.9 +/- 5.8 to 113.0 +/- 9.5
      ng/ml, but then declined to approximately equal to 10 ng/ml just before the next
      infusion of prolactin. Administration of prolactin during the luteal phase of the
      oestrous cycle of the gilts had no effect on basal levels of progesterone,
      oestradiol or LH. During the follicular phase there were no differences (P
      greater than 0.05) between control and prolactin-treated gilt progesterone and LH
      concentrations, but oestradiol plasma values were decreased (P less than 0.05) on
      the 2nd and 3rd day of prolactin treatment. Our results would indicate that
      prolactin does not play a major role in the regulation of the oestrous cycle of
      the pig.

PMID- 3701697
TI  - Chlorpromazine inhibits the mitotic index, cell number, and formation of mouse
      blastocysts, and delays implantation of CBA mouse embryos.
AB  - Chlorpromazine, administered to pregnant CBA mice 56 h after copulation in single
      doses of 10 or 15 mg/kg bodyweight, inhibited the compaction of embryos,
      formation of blastocysts, and reduced the mitotic index and cell number of
      embryos 86 h after copulation but did not adversely influence their viability or
      induce structural chromosomal aberrations. Blastocyst formation was more severely
      affected than embryo compaction. When 86-h embryos were treated with
      chlorpromazine (10 or 15 mg/kg) and subsequently cultured for 120 h, there was
      delayed hatching from the zona pellucida, delayed attachment to the culture dish,
      outgrowth of the trophoblast and expansion of the inner cell mass. Mice treated
      identically and evaluated on the 18th day of gestation had fewer implanted
      embryos than did controls, and the fetuses weighed less. No resorptions,
      malformations or significant differences in intrauterine deaths were found.
      Chlorpromazine given in the same manner but at 0.5 mg/kg did not affect any of
      the aforementioned criteria. When 56 h embryos were cultured in vitro in the
      presence of 50 microM-chlorpromazine for a further 40 h, embryo compaction,
      blastocyst formation, the mitotic index and the total cell number were
      significantly reduced compared with controls. Blastocyst formation was again more
      severely affected than embryo compaction. The inhibition of embryo compaction,
      blastocyst formation, and reduction in mitotic index and cell number associated
      in this study with chlorpromazine in vivo and in vitro indicate that the drug
      inhibits the development of cleavage-stage embryos in the mouse. These effects
      might be mediated by antagonistic effects of calmodulin.

PMID- 3701698
TI  - Regional differences in the testosterone to dihydrotestosterone ratio in the
      epididymis and vas deferens of adult mice.
AB  - The concentrations of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were measured in
      the testis and in different segments of the epididymis and vas deferens of adult
      mice. There were marked regional variations in the concentrations of testosterone
      and DHT from the testis to the caudal part of the vas deferens. In the testis,
      testosterone was the predominant androgen (364 +/- 90 ng/g) while DHT was weakly
      represented (8 +/- 2 ng/g). Qualitative and quantitative changes occurred in
      epididymis: DHT was the main steroid in the caput (29.3 +/- 2.7 ng/g) and corpus
      (33.1 +/- 4.4 ng/g) while testosterone and DHT were in similar quantities in the
      cauda (18.6 +/- 2.6 and 19.0 +/- 2.7 ng/g, respectively). The proximal region of
      the vas deferens contained higher amounts (71.4 +/- 8.0 ng/g) of androgens
      (testosterone + DHT) than did the caput epididymidis (39.1 +/- 3.3 ng/g).
      Testosterone was the predominant androgen in each part of the vas deferens and
      its concentrations decreased from the proximal (64.5 +/- 7.5 ng/g) to the caudal
      (26.9 +/- 4.3 ng/g) region. Castration and section of the efferent ducts of the
      testis showed that the epididymis received testosterone essentially via the blood
      supply and that epididymal DHT was produced locally from circulating
      testosterone.

PMID- 3701699
TI  - Reproductive biology of the male Cape porcupine, Hystrix africaeaustralis.
AB  - The reproductive tract of the male Cape porcupine is morphologically and
      histologically similar to that of New World hystricomorph rodents. Males are
      reproductively active throughout the year and attained sexual maturity (complete
      spermatogenesis) at an age of 8-18 months. Testes weight, epididymides weight and
      seminiferous tubule diameter attained asymptotic values at the age of 23-30
      months. A tendency towards seasonality in the activity of accessory glands,
      preceded and accompanied by an increase in circulating plasma testosterone
      values, may be considered as a factor enforcing seasonal breeding in females.
      Testosterone concentrations in pubertal males were significantly higher than
      those recorded in sexually mature males.

PMID- 3701700
TI  - Functional anatomy of the ovaries of pregnant and lactating Cape porcupines,
      Hystrix africaeaustralis.
AB  - The constituent cell types of the ovary of the porcupine were similar to those of
      New World hystricomorph rodents and accessory corpora lutea and luteal bodies
      were formed through the luteinization of the membrana granulosa or theca interna
      of antral follicles. All luteal bodies were histologically similar. The total
      volume of luteal tissue per female was not affected by fetal age and was
      unrelated to circulating concentrations of maternal plasma progesterone. Maternal
      plasma progesterone concentrations were correlated with fetal age. Follicular
      activity occurred throughout pregnancy but was not affected by fetal age or
      related to circulating values of oestradiol-17 beta. The formation of accessory
      corpora lutea during pregnancy is regarded as important in supplementing
      progesterone during pregnancy.

PMID- 3701701
TI  - Flow cytometry and sorting of meiotic prophase cells of female rabbits.
AB  - We present a new, flow cytometric method by which cells in various stages of the
      meiotic prophase can be quantitated and sorted in partly enriched fractions.
      Ovarian cells of 3-16-day-old rabbits were mechanically dispersed and fixed in
      ethanol and aldehydes. The cell suspension was stained with the DNA fluorochrome
      mithramycin and analysed and sorted in a FACS IV cell sorter according to the
      fluorescence and forward light scatter distribution. Cells sorted onto slides
      were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and differentially counted in the
      microscope. In the diploid fraction, preleptotene cells were more fluorescent
      than somatic cells. Leptotene cells were found throughout the S fraction and the
      tetraploid fraction. Zygotene and pachytene cells caused a major peak in the
      tetraploid region with 10-25% more fluorescence than somatic cells. Cells in
      diplotene had 5-15% more fluorescence than somatic cells. Mitotic cells were 20
      40% more fluorescent than somatic cells and scattered the light more intensely
      than did meiotic cells with the same fluorescence.

PMID- 3701702
TI  - Development of fertilized embryos transferred to oviducts of immature mice.
AB  - The in-vitro culture of fertilized 1-cell mouse embryos to the blastocyst stage
      is associated with subsequent decreased viability. In this study, 1-cell embryos
      were cultured for 3 days in the reproductive tract of immature female mice as an
      alternative to in-vitro culture. Embryos that spent 3 days in immature females
      were developmentally more advanced, had higher cell numbers and better viability,
      as measured by development to mid-gestation, after transfer to pseudopregnant
      recipient females than did embryos maintained for the same period in culture.
      Embryos that developed in immature females had lower cell numbers but comparable
      rates of development and subsequent viability when compared with embryos
      transferred to synchronous pseudopregnant females for the same preimplantation
      period. The immature mouse oviduct is therefore a suitable alternative
      environment to in-vitro culture or a pseudopregnant host for complete
      preimplantation development and has the additional advantage that synchrony
      between embryo and temporary host is not necessary. This method will allow for
      evaluation of manipulation procedures while maintaining viability before the
      embryos are finally committed to a foster mother for development to term.

PMID- 3701703
TI  - Gonadotrophin in the term placenta of the dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), the
      Californian sea lion (Zalophus californianus), the grey seal (Halichoerus grypus)
      and man.
AB  - Chorionic gonadotrophin activity in extracts of the term placenta of a dolphin, a
      sea lion and a grey seal was measured by its effectiveness in increasing uterine
      weight in the mouse and by solid-phase RIA using hCG as immunogen and labelled
      antigen. Bioreactive (B) gonadotrophin was found in these placentae and, compared
      to the human term placenta, the concentration of CG in the dolphin was higher, in
      the sea lion similar and in the grey seal lower. The biological activity in each
      species was neutralized with a rabbit anti-hCG serum. All placental extracts
      contained material active in the hCG immunoassay (I). The ratio B/I was
      significantly higher for the CG in the placental extracts of the marine mammals
      compared with that of the human term placenta. Results of in-vivo bioassay, RIA,
      electrophoretic and gel-chromatographic studies indicate structural similarities
      between CG in the placentae of the marine mammals and human CG.

PMID- 3701704
TI  - Effects of incubation temperature and bicarbonate on maturation of pig oocytes in
      vitro.
AB  - Pig oocytes cultured at 39 degrees C had a higher percentage of polar body
      formation than did those cultured at 37 degrees C. A culture medium based on
      Medium 199 with Earle's salts and supplemented with 15% serum from a young
      castrated boar was just as good as the same formulation containing additional
      pyruvate, lactate and insulin, and superior to a modified Krebs-Ringer
      bicarbonate medium. When the bicarbonate buffer system (Earle's salts) of Medium
      199 was replaced with a phosphate buffer system (Hank's salts), the rate of polar
      body formation was decreased. When the Hank's based medium was supplemented with
      a bicarbonate buffer system, polar body formation was restored to the level in
      Earle's based medium. This suggests that CO2/bicarbonate may be important for the
      normal maturation of pig oocytes.

PMID- 3701705
TI  - Permeability of rat ovarian follicles to LH during development and luteinization.
AB  - A 'double isotope' technique has been used to describe the temporal relationship
      between plasma and follicular concentrations of LH after injection of 51Cr and
      125I-rat LH into immature rats. Radiolabelled LH was detectable in all follicles
      1 min after injection. Concentrations in small antral and large preovulatory
      follicles were not significantly different at any time and reached a maximum of
      34.2 +/- 3.0% of plasma concentrations at 40 min. Concentrations of LH in
      preovulatory follicles exposed to an ovulatory dose of hCG 4 h previously were
      significantly greater (P less than 0.05) than those in small antral and
      preovulatory follicles at all times, and reached a maximum of 46.2 +/- 1.7% of
      plasma concentrations after 1 h. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and
      immunoprecipitation with an antibody specific for rat LH indicated that
      radioactivity in plasma and follicular fluid represented radio-iodinated LH.
      Steroidogenic activities, light microscopy and measurements of follicular volume
      of each class of follicle confirmed that small antral, preovulatory follicles and
      preovulatory follicles exposed to an ovulatory dose of hCG in vivo could be
      isolated specifically. Based on these findings it is possible to calculate that,
      during an endogenous pulse of LH secretion, follicular concentrations of LH never
      exceed 20% of peak plasma concentrations. Pronounced increases in functional
      activities during antral growth were not correlated with increased follicular
      permeability. Only after acute exposure to an ovulatory dose of hCG in vivo was
      permeability significantly increased. We conclude that entry of LH into antral
      follicles is restricted and that exposure to an ovulatory dose of hCG results in
      greater amounts of LH entering preovulatory follicles.

PMID- 3701706
TI  - Cellular composition of the sheep corpus luteum in the mid- and late luteal
      phases of the oestrous cycle.
AB  - Corpora lutea (CL) from naturally cycling Corriedale ewes were obtained in the
      mid- and late luteal phases of the oestrous cycle (Days 9 and 13; 5 ewes per
      group). The cellular composition of these CL was compared by ultrastructural
      morphometry to determine whether there were changes in numbers of large and small
      luteal cells consistent with differentiation of some small luteal cells to large
      luteal cells during the last part of the luteal phase. No differences between
      Days 9 and 13 were detected in luteal volume, plasma progesterone concentration,
      or volume density of any component of the luteal tissue. Large luteal cell
      numbers (mean +/- s.e.m.) were lower per unit volume of luteal tissue on Day 13
      than on Day 9 (14.1 +/- 0.5 vs 18.4 +/- 1.3 X 10(3)/mm3, P less than 0.05). Mean
      volume of the individual large luteal cells was greater on Day 13 than on Day 9
      (19.65 +/- 0.72 vs' 15.60 +/- 1.34 micrograms 3 X 10(3), P less than 0.05).
      However, there were no significant differences in numbers or volumes of small
      luteal cells between Days 9 and 13, and total numbers of large luteal cells per
      CL were not different between these two days. These results provide no support
      for the hypothesis that small luteal cells differentiate into large luteal cells
      during the oestrous cycle of the sheep.

PMID- 3701707
TI  - Opioid modulation of LH secretion in the ewe.
AB  - Administration of opioid agonists and antagonists and measurement of resulting
      hormone changes were used to study the possible effects of opioids on
      reproductive function in the ewe. Intravenous administration of the long-acting
      methionine-enkephalin analogue FK33-824 (250 micrograms/h for 12 h) to 3 ewes
      during the follicular phase of the oestrous cycle depressed episodic LH
      secretion. This effect was reversed by administration of the opiate antagonist
      naloxone (25 mg/h) in combination with the FK33-824 treatment; in fact LH
      secretion was enhanced by the combined regimen. Naloxone (25 mg/h for 12 h)
      administered alone to 3 ewes in the follicular phase also enhanced LH secretion.
      In 3 animals treated with FK33-824 during the follicular phase, progesterone
      remained basal for 14 days after treatment, suggesting that ovulation was
      blocked. Jugular venous infusion of naloxone (25, 50 or 100 mg/h for 8h) into 5
      ewes during the early and mid-luteal phase of the cycle resulted overall in a
      significant increase in mean plasma LH concentrations and LH episode frequency.
      To investigate whether endogenous opioids suppress LH release in seasonally
      anoestrous sheep, naloxone was infused intravenously into mature (25, 50 or 100
      mg/h for 8 h) and yearling ewes (12 . 5, 25 or 50 mg/h for 8 h) during early, mid
      and late anoestrus and plasma LH concentrations were measured. In the mature
      ewes, there was a trend for naloxone to increase LH values during the early
      anoestrous period but naloxone was without effect during mid- and late anoestrus.
      In the yearlings, naloxone infusion consistently increased plasma LH
      concentrations as a result of a significant increase in LH episode frequency.
      These experiments indicate that endogenous opioid peptides probably modulate
      gonadotrophin secretion during both the follicular and luteal phases of the
      oestrous cycle. However, the follicular phase of the sheep cycle is of short
      duration, and there may be residual effects of luteal-phase progesterone during
      this period. Secondly, there may be an age-dependent effect of naloxone on LH
      secretion during seasonal anoestrus in the ewe, with opioids playing a part in
      the suppression of LH in young but not in mature animals.

PMID- 3701708
TI  - Ovarian steroid involvement in endogenous opioid modulation of LH secretion in
      seasonally anoestrous mature ewes.
AB  - In June, 16 mature ewes were ovariectomized and allocated to four groups: 1,
      saline; 2, naloxone; 3, progesterone implant plus naloxone; 4, oestrogen implant
      plus naloxone. Steroids were implanted at the time of ovariectomy. At 5 days
      after ovariectomy, the animals were intravenously infused with saline for 8 h and
      naloxone (50 mg/h) in saline for 8 h the following day. Three intact ewes were
      given naloxone in a similar way. During infusions and for 8 h on the day after
      naloxone, jugular venous blood samples were taken every 15 min and assayed for
      LH. Naloxone resulted in significant increases in mean LH concentration (P less
      than 0.01), LH episode frequency and episode height (P less than 0.05) in Group 3
      ewes, but was without effect in any other group. These results provide evidence
      that the progesterone status of the ewe affects its response to naloxone, that
      progesterone negative feedback on LH release may be mediated by an opioid system,
      and that increased oestradiol negative feedback during seasonal anoestrus is
      unlikely to work via increased opioid inhibition of LH.

PMID- 3701709
TI  - Morphogenic change in the cervix of the ewe after prolonged exposure to
      oestradiol-17 beta.
AB  - This study examined the effects of prolonged exposure to oestradiol-17 beta on
      the morphology of the cervix of the ewe. Merino ewe lambs were implanted
      subcutaneously with 3 Silastic capsules which released a total of approximately
      300 micrograms oestradiol-17 beta per day. After exposure for 200 days the uterus
      was more markedly bicornuate, and the cervix was broader and softer, than in
      controls. The cervical folds were shorter and contained many stromal cells. The
      amount of lamina propria under the folds was increased and altered so that it
      contained tubular glands and more stromal cells. The endocervix thus came to
      resemble endometrium. This appearance developed within 80 days of exposure, and
      remained for at least 170 days after implant removal. In a second experiment,
      mature multiparous Merino ewes were ovariectomized and implanted with 1, 2 or 4
      similar oestradiol capsules for 140 days. Similar features developed in these
      ewes, and the degree of change was almost as great with 1 implant as with 4.
      Changes of a similar nature can be produced in other species by oestrogen given
      during organogenesis but not during adult life. The changes indicate that the ewe
      has an ability to display a degree of morphogenic response to oestradiol during
      adult life.

PMID- 3701710
TI  - Sperm factors related to failure of human in-vitro fertilization.
AB  - Two groups of men were retrospectively selected according to their observed
      success in in-vitro fertilization. Seminal and post-migration sperm samples from
      a low fertilization rate group (less than or equal to 33% cleaved embryos) have
      been compared to results obtained from a high fertilization rate group (greater
      than or equal to 66%). It was found that a low mean value of the amplitude of
      lateral sperm head displacement and an increased percentage of abnormal acrosomes
      were related to in-vitro fertilization failure. None of the individual sperm
      factors studied was found to determine in-vitro fertilization success with
      certainty; only when they were considered in combination was it possible to
      predict the likelihood of successful in-vitro fertilization of human oocytes.

PMID- 3701711
TI  - Inhibin secretion by the sheep ovary.
AB  - An in-vitro bioassay for inhibin based on FSH content or release by rat pituitary
      cells was validated for measuring inhibin activity in ovine plasma and lymph.
      Dose-dependent increases in inhibin activity were detected in peripheral plasma
      of 4 ovariectomized ewes 1 min after i.v. injections of ovine follicular fluid,
      and the half-life of inhibin in plasma for 2 ewes was 45 and 50 min,
      respectively. Inhibin was detected in ovarian lymph but not in ovarian or jugular
      venous plasma, even after treatment of ewes with PMSG to induce folliculogenesis.
      Destruction of visible follicles (greater than 0.5 mm diameter) on the ovaries of
      4 PMSG-treated ewes by electrocautery was followed by a rapid and sustained
      decline in secretion of inhibin in ovarian lymph for up to 4 h. Ovarian lymph
      flow rates were either unchanged or slightly increased after cautery. Oestrogen
      concentrations in peripheral venous plasma declined within 15-30 min of cautery,
      but concentrations remained well above baseline. There was a significant decrease
      in peripheral progesterone concentrations in these same samples, but not until 2
      3 h after cautery. FSH in peripheral plasma was depressed or non-detectable in
      PMSG-treated ewes and neither FSH nor LH concentrations in peripheral plasma were
      significantly altered up to 4 h after cautery of ovarian follicles. It is
      concluded that (a) antral follicles (greater than 0.5 mm) are the source of
      inhibin present in ovarian lymph, and (b) the ovarian lymphatic system is a route
      by which inhibin could reach the peripheral circulation, particularly in the
      luteal phase when ovarian lymph flow rates are high.

PMID- 3701712
TI  - Oocyte recovery and fertilization rates in women at various times after the
      administration of hCG.
AB  - Volunteer women requesting laparoscopic sterilization were subjected to a fixed
      schedule of ovulation induction and oocyte recovery. Follicle aspiration was
      carried out in four groups: those to whom hCG was not administered and 12, 24 or
      36 h respectively after the administration of hCG. For each group oocytes were
      cultured in vitro for 42 h, 30 h, 18 h and 6 h respectively, before insemination
      with donor spermatozoa. Oocyte recovery rates improved with longer hCG-to
      recovery intervals (36% with no hCG to 81% 36 h after hCG). Although there was a
      slight reduction in fertilization rates when oocytes were not exposed to hCG in
      the follicle, normal cleavage was noted in more than 50% of oocytes in all four
      groups. It therefore appears that the final maturation stages of the human oocyte
      are not dependent on the midcycle gonadotrophin surge, provided the oocyte is
      matured in vitro before insemination. However, it was also evident that the
      fertilization rates were reduced when oocytes were removed from less mature
      follicles, as reflected by high androstenedione/oestradiol ratios.

PMID- 3701713
TI  - Semen assessment, fertility and the selection of Hereford bulls for use in AI.
AB  - Nineteen young Hereford bulls were used to study the relationship between semen
      characteristics and fertility in artificial insemination following 15 320
      inseminations. Seven measures of sperm motility, morphological abnormalities, the
      release of hyaluronidase, ATP content and sperm head measurements were examined
      as predictors of fertility (49-day fixed-interval non-return rate). Two
      assessments of motility, three categories of abnormal spermatozoa, acrosomal
      changes and the release of hyaluronidase had predictive power. Multiple
      regression analysis showed that a combination of sperm motility after dilution in
      saline, motility after thawing and the proportion of coiled tails and proximal
      protoplasmic droplets provided the best prediction of fertility and allowed bulls
      to be ranked in order of observed non-return rate (%) with a Spearman correlation
      better than +0.80.

PMID- 3701714
TI  - Maternal recognition of pregnancy. Proceedings of a symposium of the Society for
      the Study of Fertility. Aberdeen, July 1985.

PMID- 3701715
TI  - Results of an epidemiologic study of postdate pregnancy.
AB  - Obstetric and neonatal data on 18,610 deliveries between 1975 and 1982 were
      analyzed to determine the risks associated with postdate pregnancy in an era of
      routine fetal heart rate monitoring. Thirteen percent of the deliveries occurred
      between 42 and 43 weeks' gestation, and 1% occurred at 44 weeks or later. There
      was a nonsignificant rise in the perinatal mortality rates for 38-41-week
      deliveries as compared to those delivered at 42 weeks or later. However, the
      perinatal mortality rate was six times higher for small-for-gestational-age
      infants. There was a significant rise in the perinatal morbidity in infants
      delivered at or beyond 42 weeks (5% incidence). This finding implies that the
      sensitivity of currently used screening tests for perinatal mortality is good but
      that it is unsatisfactory for the detection and prevention of morbidity.

PMID- 3701716
TI  - Correlation of vaginal hormonal cytograms with cervical mucus symptoms as
      observed by women using the ovulation method of natural family planning.
AB  - The first study was done in which vaginal hormonal cytograms were correlated with
      cervical mucus symptoms as charted by women using the ovulation method of natural
      family planning. Daily vaginal smears obtained by 67 women during 78 menstrual
      cycles provided the basis of the study. The women had used the ovulation method
      for at least three cycles and were not breast-feeding. All vaginal smears
      examined cytologically had a microbiologic diagnosis of lactobacilli. All the
      vaginal hormonal cytograms revealed ovulatory-type patterns. Karyopyknotic index
      (KPI) peak correlated with peak mucus day +/-2 days in 74, or 94.9%, of the
      cases, with a mean of peak mucus at +0.14 days. The average number of mucus days
      prior to the KPI peak was 6.1. Seven women also provided daily blood specimens
      for bioassay of luteinizing hormone (LH). KPI peaked with a mean of 0.7 days
      after the LH peak.

PMID- 3701717
TI  - The nonlaboring transverse lie. A management dilemma.
AB  - During a one-year period, 29 patients at 37 weeks' gestation or later were
      referred to the breech version clinic at Los Angeles County/University of
      Southern California Medical Center and found to have sonographic evidence of a
      transverse lie. Because of the relative instability of the lie and the high
      probability of spontaneous conversion, the patients were not considered
      candidates for version and were returned to their referral agencies for
      subsequent prenatal care. The subsequent outcomes in these patients were
      reviewed. Twenty-four (83%) spontaneously converted to a longitudinal lie and
      presented in labor with either a vertex (15 [52%]) or breech (9 [31%])
      presentation. The five (17%) remaining patients presented in labor with a
      persistent transverse lie. Overall, the cesarean section rate was 13 of 29, or
      45%. The indications for cesarean section were breech presentation, eight (62%),
      and transverse lie, five (38%). Major complications included two prolapsed cords,
      one spontaneous uterine rupture and one neonatal death. Based on a review of our
      experience, it appears reasonable to consider external version in any patient
      with a persistent transverse lie around 39 weeks. The high rate of subsequent
      cesarean section and major morbidity associated with expectant management of
      these patients suggests that if version is unsuccessful, strong consideration
      should be given to elective cesarean section.

PMID- 3701718
TI  - Automobile safety restraints for pregnant women and children.
AB  - Automobile safety restraints were introduced into the United States over 20 years
      ago but continue to be utilized by a minimum number of automobile passengers.
      Universal usage could reduce highway crash fatalities by an estimated 9,000
      15,000 lives per year. Although women generally utilize automobile safety
      restraints more than do men, there is a dramatic diminution during pregnancy,
      when usage rates approximate those of men. In pregnant women the largest single
      cause of maternal death is automobile crashes. In infants and small children the
      restraint efficiency approaches 90% protection. Health care providers should
      become actively involved in seeing that automobile safety restraints are properly
      utilized on pregnant women, infants and children.

PMID- 3701719
TI  - Fetal supraventricular tachycardia refractory to digoxin cardioversion. A case
      report.
AB  - Fetal cardiac arrhythmias are being diagnosed with increased frequency through
      ultrasonography and electronic fetal heart rate monitoring. Although many of them
      are benign, some, particularly supraventricular fetal tachycardia, have been
      associated with a poor outcome. Fetal hydrops and other evidence of fetal cardiac
      failure resulting from the elevated heart rate have been reported on. Although
      several modes of treatment have been described, the mainstay of cardioversion in
      utero continues to be digoxin. This case report demonstrates the need for prompt
      delivery when in utero cardioversion fails.

PMID- 3701720
TI  - Separation of the pubic symphysis. An underrecognized peripartum complication.
AB  - A retrospective review of symphysial separations during pregnancy revealed an
      incidence of 1:600 deliveries over the previous five years. This figure reflects
      an occurrence 40-fold or more frequent than the current literature suggests. All
      the cases in our 11 patients suffering peripartum pubic rupture occurred after
      spontaneous vaginal deliveries. Maternal age, parity, clinical pelvimetry and
      fetal weight did not play a clear role in the development of symphysiolysis.
      Rapid descent of the presenting part in the second stage, however, was a common
      feature. Nonoperative treatment of pubic diastasis and expectant management of
      subsequent deliveries seem advisable.

PMID- 3701721
TI  - Lymphocytic hypophysitis in a patient with amenorrhea and hyperprolactinemia. A
      case report.
AB  - Lymphocytic hypophysitis is a rare condition reported to occur only in women. A
      patient with amenorrhea and hyperprolactinemia was thought to have a pituitary
      microadenoma but was subsequently found to have lymphocytic hypophysitis and
      pituitary-specific autoantibodies. Photomicrographs taken upon transsphenoidal
      surgical exploration revealed the lymphohistiocytic infiltrate of the pituitary.
      The pituitary reserve was tested. Autoimmune hypophysitis should be included in
      the differential diagnosis of amenorrhea and galactorrhea.

PMID- 3701722
TI  - Clinical findings and ancillary studies on identical twins exposed to
      diethylstilbestrol in utero. A case report.
AB  - Diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure in utero in twin gestations has been reported
      on infrequently. In this case, both twins had colposcopically proven and biopsy
      proven evidence of cervical adenosis. Infertility was discordant.

PMID- 3701723
TI  - Prospective evaluation of thyroid function in patients with systemic sclerosis
      (scleroderma).
AB  - A consecutive series of 77 ambulatory, clinically euthyroid patients with
      systemic sclerosis was evaluated for clinical, chemical and serologic evidence of
      thyroid disease. Measurements of baseline serum thyroid function tests and the
      thyroid stimulating hormone response to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) were
      made. We classified 18 (23%) patients as abnormal, including 8 (10%) who were
      chemically hypothyroid and 10 (13%) with normal baseline studies but an
      exaggerated response to TRH injection. The remaining 59 (77%) patients were
      euthyroid by all measurements. Antithyroid antibodies were present in only 4 of 8
      (50%) of the hypothyroid group. There were no differences between the 3 patient
      groups with regard to the extent of scleroderma, the presence of internal organ
      involvement, or the frequency of common signs or symptoms of hypothyroidism.
      Abnormal thyroid function in systemic sclerosis is frequent, often unsuspected
      clinically, and may occur without markers of autoimmune thyroid disease.

PMID- 3701724
TI  - Further observations on the response of synovial lymphocytes to viral antigens in
      rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Synovial lymphocyte responses to viral antigens were measured in repeated tests
      over periods of up to 3 years in 4 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, one of
      whom was rheumatoid factor positive. Consistent responses to adenovirus, mumps
      and cytomegalovirus were demonstrated. Responses of peripheral blood lymphocytes
      were almost always much less than synovial lymphocyte responses. Synovial
      lymphocyte phytohemagglutinin responses were greatly reduced and usually less
      than synovial lymphocyte antigen responses.

PMID- 3701725
TI  - Familial aggregation in seronegative spondyloarthritis of enterogenic origin. A
      family study.
AB  - A family study of 2 probands, suffering from seronegative spondyloarthritis with
      ileocolonoscopic evidence of chronic inflammation of the ileum, is presented. On
      the father's side 2 brothers carry the HLA-Bw62 antigen. One developed typical
      Crohn's disease, the other showed chronic inflammatory signs of the ileum on
      biopsy. These lesions have frequently been demonstrated in reactive arthritis and
      ankylosing spondylitis (AS) with peripheral arthritis, in the absence of
      gastrointestinal symptoms. On the mother's side there were no clinical or
      histological signs of ileum inflammation, or spondyloarthritic features, although
      the mother carries the HLA-B27 antigen. The 4 children are all HLA-Bw62 and B27
      positive, but only 2 of them have developed seronegative spondyloarthritis
      associated with histological evidence of chronic ileum inflammation. The familial
      aggregation of the seronegative spondyloarthritides is demonstrated. The lesions
      found on ileal biopsy in reactive synovitis and AS with peripheral arthritis may
      be related to Crohn's disease.

PMID- 3701726
TI  - Histamine levels in human synovial fluid.
AB  - Histamine levels have been measured in plasma and synovial fluid (SF) obtained
      from patients with various arthritides, using a radioenzymatic assay procedure.
      The concentration of the amine in the plasma of these patients was, in general,
      found to be considerably greater than that seen in a group of control patients
      without inflammatory joint disease. SF always contained higher levels of
      histamine than corresponding plasma samples. The results of our preliminary study
      suggest that the production of histamine within the synovium may be an important
      factor in the genesis of joint effusions.

PMID- 3701727
TI  - Delayed evoked potentials in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.
AB  - Visual, brainstem auditory and somatosensory evoked potentials were studied in 30
      patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Twenty-four patients were male and 6
      were female. The mean age was 44 years and the mean duration of AS was 16 years
      (range 1-34 years). Evoked potential abnormalities affecting the visual pathways
      were recorded in 18 (60%) patients. Somatosensory evoked potentials were abnormal
      in 19 (63%) patients, and 9 patients had impaired function on brainstem auditory
      evoked potentials. The pathophysiology of these abnormalities is unknown. We
      recommend that caution be exercised in interpreting delayed evoked potentials if
      multiple sclerosis is suspected in a patient with AS.

PMID- 3701728
TI  - The collagenous architecture of articular cartilage--a synthesis of
      ultrastructure and mechanical function.
AB  - The fibrillar ultrastructure within the general matrix of articular cartilage has
      been examined in the stressed root region of predetermined notches propagating
      under tension in directions both perpendicular and parallel to the articular
      surface. From the different ultrastructural responses induced by the 2 notch
      geometries, it has been possible to further clarify the relationship between
      structure and load bearing function in normal articular cartilage, and identify
      features of the collagenous architecture that seem directly related to a loss of
      load bearing function associated with both osteoarthritis and nonprogressive
      degeneration.

PMID- 3701729
TI  - Computed tomography with multiplanar reformation and 3-dimensional image analysis
      in the preoperative evaluation of ischemic necrosis of the femoral head.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) with multiplanar reformation and 3-dimensional image
      reconstruction were utilized preoperatively to assess the extent of infarction
      and collapse of the femoral head in 15 patients with ischemic necrosis.
      Polyethylene models of the diseased femoral heads were constructed from 3
      dimensional contouring of CT data, and compared with resected specimens in
      patients who underwent subsequent total hip arthroplasty. Information provided by
      this imaging strategy was valuable in both the selection and the planning of the
      most appropriate surgical procedure, and models were found to represent resected
      head configurations with reasonable accuracy. CT combined with multiplanar
      reformation and 3-dimensional analysis may be the optimal preoperative means for
      evaluating advanced ischemic necrosis involving the femoral head.

PMID- 3701730
TI  - Degradative changes in human articular cartilage induced by chemotherapeutic
      agents.
AB  - We determined the effects of cytotoxic drugs on human articular cartilage by
      studying patients who received cancer chemotherapy. Tissue morphology and the
      biochemical findings of the "treated" cartilage were compared with those of
      "normal" human cartilage. The histological and ultrastructural studies showed
      that degeneration and repair occurred simultaneously. Degenerative changes
      included: chondrocytic alterations, collagen network disruption, decreased
      safranin-O staining at the superficial layer and pericellular area of the
      midlayer chondrocytes. Repair was shown by cartilage hypercellularity and clone
      formation. Some chondrocytes showed intense perilacunar metachromasia. Abnormal
      biochemistry included increased amounts of DNA content; total neutral
      collagenolytic enzyme and metalloproteoglycan-degrading enzyme (NMPE) activities;
      and the active form of the neutral collagenolytic enzyme. The cartilage
      proteoglycan content was lower in treated patients than in controls. Thus,
      chemotherapeutic agents can induce cartilage changes similar to those of early
      osteoarthritis. The reversibility of these changes and drug effects on diseased
      cartilage remain to be determined.

PMID- 3701732
TI  - Pernicious anemia associated with systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - We describe a young black female with systemic lupus erythematosus who developed
      pernicious anemia. She had a positive Schilling test which became normal after
      steroid therapy in spite of persistence of intrinsic factor antibody and
      depression of serum complement levels.

PMID- 3701731
TI  - Presence of fibronectin in articular cartilage in two animal models of
      osteoarthritis.
AB  - Fibronectin content was determined in articular cartilage in a spontaneous dog
      model and in a meniscectomy rabbit model of osteoarthritis. Determination of the
      fibronectin content of urea extracts of articular cartilage by an enzyme linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA) disclosed that degenerated cartilage contained from
      10- to 40-fold more fibronectin than normal cartilage. The finding that cartilage
      fibronectin content was increased in both animal models suggests that elevated
      cartilage fibronectin content is a general feature of the osteoarthritic process.
      Immunoperoxidase studies disclosed that fibronectin was distributed throughout
      the matrix in hyaluronidase treated normal and osteoarthritic cartilage from both
      animal models, but quantitative differences in fibronectin were not observed by
      these techniques.

PMID- 3701733
TI  - Arthritis associated with gluten-sensitive enteropathy.
AB  - A 15-year-old girl, with synovitis of the knees and ankles for 3 years before a
      diagnosis of gluten-sensitive enteropathy, is described. The enteropathy was
      confirmed histologically and on the basis of a clinical response to a gluten-free
      diet. The arthritis also resolved promptly, suggesting that it was associated
      with the bowel disorder.

PMID- 3701734
TI  - Probenecid induced immune hemolytic anemia.
AB  - We report a patient who, while receiving probenecid and colchicine for acute
      gouty arthritis, developed severe hemolytic anemia in association with a
      generalized rash. The hemolysis was immune mediated as shown by a positive direct
      Coombs' test. In vitro hematologic studies showed that a probenecid dependent
      antibody was present.

PMID- 3701735
TI  - Pentazocine induced myocutaneous sclerosis.
AB  - A patient who developed myocutaneous sclerosis as a result of aggressive
      parenteral administration of the analgesic pentazocine is described and the
      literature reviewed. In addition to the dermatopathologic and myopathic
      abnormalities usually present in this disorder, our patient manifested unique
      features of brachial plexus neuropathy and radiographically evident soft tissue
      calcification. Our report serves as a reminder that caution should be employed
      when the use of pentazocine as a longterm analgesic agent is considered.

PMID- 3701736
TI  - Pharmaceutical marketing practices: a victim's perspective.

PMID- 3701737
TI  - Gold induced thrombocytopenia.

PMID- 3701738
TI  - Tophaceous gout presenting with bilateral hand contractures and carpal tunnel
      syndrome.

PMID- 3701739
TI  - Nasal septal perforation in dermatomyositis.

PMID- 3701740
TI  - Digital gangrene in a patient with angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia.

PMID- 3701741
TI  - Complement activation by 19S IgM rheumatoid factor: relationship to disease
      activity in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - 19S IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are polyclonal
      autoantibodies directed against the Fc piece of IgG. Rheumatoid patients with RF
      tend to have aggressive synovitis, nodules, and extraarticular manifestations.
      Although RF titer does not correlate with disease activity, RF activates
      complement (C) by the classical pathway. Thus, we postulated that selective
      stimulation of cell clones producing efficient C activating RF molecules might be
      associated with disease flares, independent of changes in serum RF concentration.
      To address the question, 42 patients with RA were evaluated prospectively. Serum
      RF concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and C activating activity
      by hemolytic assay. We then calculated the mean hemolysis (MH) of sensitized
      sheep erythrocytes (SRC) produced/ml of RF serum (MH/ml) and MH/microgram of RF
      as an expression of RF C activating properties (CAP). The following observations
      were made: RF CAP varied among the patients studied; RF CAP varied over time in
      individual patients; RF CAP differences varied in both groups independently from
      RF concentration; RF CAP correlated with both systemic and articular disease
      activity; and total RF concentration correlated with articular findings and
      nodules but less well with systemic disease activity.

PMID- 3701742
TI  - The inheritance of Felty's syndrome in a family with several affected members.
AB  - A family in which 3 siblings had Felty's syndrome is described. All affected
      family members shared the common haplotype HLA-A2, B15, Cw3 and DR4. In addition,
      all affected siblings possessed the A2 and ABO phenotype. Four unaffected
      siblings possessed either the HLA-A2, B15, Cw3 and DR4 haplotype or the A2 ABO
      phenotype or neither but not both. We believe our data support the hypothesis
      that multiple genetic factors are involved in the predisposition of family
      members to Felty's syndrome.

PMID- 3701743
TI  - Mineral metabolism in postmenopausal women with active rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Serum and urinary variables of bone mineral metabolism were studied in 49
      postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Results were compared to
      those in a sex, age and menopausal age matched control group. No patient took
      corticosteroids, or had any disease other than RA which might affect bone. Total
      serum calcium was low in patients with RA compared to controls (9.0 +/- 0.5 mg%
      vs 9.3 +/- 0.3 mg%, p less than 0.005), but was normal when corrected for albumin
      (9.5 +/- 0.6 mg% vs 9.3 +/- 0.4 mg%, NS). Serum phosphorus was significantly
      higher in patients with RA than in controls (3.6 +/- 0.3 mg% vs 3.3 +/- 0.4 mg%,
      p less than 0.001) as well as serum alkaline phosphatase activity (107.6 +/- 27.2
      IU/l vs. 9.6 +/- 28.91 IU/l). Serum creatinine, vitamin D and parathyroid hormone
      levels were comparable in both groups. Urinary hydroxyproline and
      mucopolysaccharide excretions were higher in patients with RA than controls, both
      for fasting (respectively 0.089 +/- 0.028 vs 0.039 +/- 0.023, p less than 0.001
      and 0.072 +/- 0.027 vs 0.047 +/- 0.019, p less than 0.001) and for 24 h values
      (50.3 +/- 17.9 mg vs 36.2 +/- 15.4 mg, p less than 0.001 and 54.6 +/- 26.0 mg vs
      41.7 +/- 16.5 mg, p less than 0.05). Urinary calcium excretion was comparable in
      the 2 groups. Our findings of raised serum phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase
      activity, raised urinary hydroxyproline and mucopolysaccharides excretion suggest
      that in patients with RA there is a higher metabolic activity of bone. In none of
      the patients could any indication of osteomalacia or of parathyroid overactivity
      be found.

PMID- 3701744
TI  - Comparison of immune complexes and complement components in arterial and venous
      blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Immune complexes (IC) are frequently found in the venous blood and synovial fluid
      of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although IC are claimed to have a
      pathogenetic role in RA, there is generally poor correlation between different IC
      tests and between individual tests and clinical features. We have therefore
      sought differences in the levels of IC detected by the Clq binding assay (ClqBA)
      and the indirect polymorphonuclear phagocytosis test (IPPT) in the arterial and
      venous blood of 16 patients with RA and 6 disease control subjects to determine
      which IC are pathogenetically important. Complement components, IgA, IgG, and
      rheumatoid factor were also measured. Eight of 10 patients with clinically active
      RA had higher ClqBA results in arterial blood while IgA IC in the IPPT and most
      complement components were higher in venous blood. No such differences were seen
      in patients with inactive RA or controls. These results suggest that IC other
      than those containing IgA are not formed in limb tissues including the synovium
      and may explain the variable results previously seen in patients with RA.

PMID- 3701745
TI  - Lymphocytes--dolphins for enlightening rheumatological investigators?

PMID- 3701746
TI  - How lupoid is lupoid hepatitis?
AB  - The records of 89 patients with hepatitis B surface antigen, negative severe
      chronic active hepatitis and antinuclear antibody (ANA) positivity were reviewed
      to assess the degree of clinical similarity between this disorder and systemic
      lupus erythematosus (SLE). Although immunologic abnormalities, such as antibodies
      to native DNA and positive lupus erythematosus cell preparations were common, few
      patients with ANA positive chronic active hepatitis had clinical features to
      suggest SLE. The 1971 preliminary criteria and the 1982 revision of the American
      Rheumatism Association criteria for classification of SLE were 93 and 91%
      specific, respectively. We conclude that despite laboratory similarities, ANA
      positive chronic active hepatitis and SLE differ substantially in their clinical
      presentations.

PMID- 3701747
TI  - Effect of scleroderma serum on human fibroblast collagen production: possible
      selection through proliferation.
AB  - The effects on cell proliferation and on collagen and protein synthesis of
      prolonged exposure of control and scleroderma skin fibroblasts to control and
      scleroderma serum were studied. The previously described mitogenic effect
      originally noted at 3 days was observed to a lesser degree at 21 days, at which
      time a doubling of protein synthesis and a 3-fold increase in collagen synthesis
      were noted. Since earlier studies of shorter exposure times did not show effects
      on protein or collagen synthesis, the prolonged exposure of heterogeneous mass
      cultures of dermal fibroblasts to the mitogenic effects of scleroderma serum may
      result in the emergence of high collagen producing cells.

PMID- 3701748
TI  - Looking for patients at risk because of their drinking.

PMID- 3701749
TI  - Why doctors don't use computers: some empirical findings.
AB  - The attitudes of 148 medical students, 141 residents, and 644 practising
      physicians towards computer applications in medicine were studied. The results
      indicate that physicians recognize the potential of computers to improve patient
      care, but are concerned about the possibility of increased governmental and
      hospital control, threats to privacy, and legal and ethical problems. In general,
      all three groups are uncertain as to the potential effects of computers on their
      traditional professional role and on the organization of practice. Practising
      physicians, however, express more concern about these potential effects of
      computers than do medical students and residents. While attitudes appear to be
      somewhat independent of prior computer experience, they significantly affect the
      extent to which physicians use a computer-based hospital information system. This
      may be a major reason for the slow introduction of clinical computer systems.

PMID- 3701750
TI  - Abdominal tuberculosis: still a problem today.
AB  - Thirty cases of abdominal tuberculosis were diagnosed over an 18-year period, 26
      being in immigrants; the mean age at presentation was 33 years. There were 25
      cases of tuberculous peritonitis, two of tuberculous mesenteric lymphadenitis,
      and one each of gastric tuberculosis, colonic tuberculosis and tuberculous
      ischiorectal abscess. The presenting symptoms were of vague ill-health and not
      diagnostic, and the most common findings were of pyrexia, abdominal tenderness
      and ascites. The most common haematological abnormalities were raised ESR (22
      patients) and mild anaemia (15 patients). Most commonly, diagnosis was made by
      formal laparotomy (19 cases) with biopsy (18 cases); histological examination
      gave a positive diagnosis in all 18 cases, but bacteriological examination
      yielded the tubercle bacillus in only 10 (56%). There were 2 deaths in the
      series, not directly related to the abdominal tuberculosis. In view of its
      infrequent and vague presentation, care is required to avoid overlooking the
      diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis, particularly in the immigrant population.

PMID- 3701751
TI  - Using simulation to plan Health Service resources: discussion paper.

PMID- 3701752
TI  - The 'holding function' of dynamic psychotherapy in a custodial setting: a review.

PMID- 3701753
TI  - Quality of life measurements in patients with malignant disease: a review.

PMID- 3701754
TI  - Thyrotoxicosis: gross acropachy and pretibial myxoedema.

PMID- 3701755
TI  - Azathioprine hypersensitivity manifesting as acute focal hepatocellular necrosis.

PMID- 3701756
TI  - Obstructive jaundice secondary to carcinoma arising in Brunner's glands.

PMID- 3701757
TI  - Leiomyoma of the broad ligament in an obturator hernia presenting as a lump in
      the groin.

PMID- 3701758
TI  - Spontaneous sternal fracture--a misnomer.

PMID- 3701759
TI  - Spinal complications of ankylosing spondylitis.

PMID- 3701760
TI  - Multifactorial nature of renal impairment in heroin addicts.

PMID- 3701761
TI  - The cause of death.

PMID- 3701762
TI  - Quality of care: RCGP initiative.

PMID- 3701763
TI  - Another ten years in education.

PMID- 3701765
TI  - Familial association between coeliac disease and ulcerative colitis: preliminary
      communication.
AB  - One hundred and twenty patients who were members of the Nottinghamshire Coeliac
      Group completed a questionnaire about the occurrence of coeliac disease,
      ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease amongst first-degree relatives. Siblings
      were at a 20-fold risk of developing coeliac disease and a 15-fold risk of
      developing ulcerative colitis, and significantly increased risks for these two
      conditions were also seen in other family members. The relatives of patients with
      coeliac disease are at increased risk not only of developing coeliac disease but
      also ulcerative colitis. This provides further support for a possible role of a
      dietary allergen in the development of ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 3701764
TI  - Driving after a stroke.
AB  - Four hundred and thirty-eight stroke patients from a community register covering
      a period of 28 months were interviewed at one year post-stroke. Of 144 (34%)
      living at home who had been driving prior to their stroke, 82 (58%) did not
      resume post-stroke. Assessments of arm function, walking, functional ability and
      IQ showed ex-drivers to be significantly more disabled than drivers. Stopping
      driving was associated with a loss of social activities and with a higher
      frequency of depression amongst ex-drivers when compared with drivers. This was
      despite 79% of ex-drivers having easy access to alternative car transport.
      Extending mobility allowance to the 49 (60%) ex-drivers over 65 years old at the
      time of their stroke might ease their situation. More appropriate assessments
      would be needed to establish whether ex-drivers would benefit from retraining or
      car adaptations to enable them to return to driving.

PMID- 3701766
TI  - Dietary history and nutritional state in treated coeliac patients.
AB  - The gluten content and nutritional adequacy of the diet of a group of adult
      coeliac patients supposedly following a gluten-free diet for at least one year
      were assessed. Results were considered in relation to the nutritional state of
      these patients, determined by anthropometric measurement, and the histological
      appearance of jejunal biopsies taken at the time of nutritional assessment.
      Imperfect gluten avoidance, mild malnutrition and mild histological abnormalities
      on jejunal biopsy were frequent findings. A careful dietary and nutritional
      assessment when considered in light of histological findings at jejunal biopsy
      helps to identify the causes of persisting symptoms or malnutrition in treated
      coeliac patients. A normal jejunal biopsy in a malnourished patient whose dietary
      compliance is good should prompt a search for an alternative diagnosis.

PMID- 3701767
TI  - Fournier's gangrene: non-clostridial gas gangrene of the perineum and diabetes
      mellitus.
AB  - Three successfully managed cases of Fournier's gangrene, all with diabetes, are
      reported. A simple bacteriological classification is offered and the importance
      of diabetes mellitus as a predisposing factor is stressed.

PMID- 3701768
TI  - Motor neuron disease--a challenge to medical ethics: discussion paper.

PMID- 3701769
TI  - Atypical presentation of craniopharyngioma associated with Moyamoya disease.

PMID- 3701770
TI  - Eruptive elastolysis: a new manifestation of pancreatic carcinoma.

PMID- 3701771
TI  - Interstitial nephritis associated with frusemide.

PMID- 3701773
TI  - Acute glomerulonephritis without proteinuria.

PMID- 3701772
TI  - Coexisting organo-axial gastric volvulus and volvulus of the sigmoid colon.

PMID- 3701774
TI  - Erythema multiforme associated with menstruation.

PMID- 3701775
TI  - Erythema ab igne: a sign of organic disease.

PMID- 3701776
TI  - Unilateral ischaemic optic neuropathy following systemic hypotension.

PMID- 3701777
TI  - New alpha-methylene gamma-lactone derivatives of substituted nucleic acid bases
      as potential anticancer agents.

PMID- 3701778
TI  - Molecular electrostatic potential of orthopramides: implications for their
      interaction with the D-2 dopamine receptor.
AB  - The electronic properties of orthopramides, a group of selective D-2 dopamine
      receptor antagonists, were investigated by calculating molecular electrostatic
      potentials (MEP) of model compounds with the ab initio STO-3G MO method. The
      various substitution patterns of the aromatic ring are characterized by a
      positive region comprising the H-bonded 2-methoxy group and ring positions 2, 3,
      and 4 and a negative region comprising the CONH group, 5-substituent, and ring
      positions 5 and 6. The regions of positive and negative potential are separated
      by a "curtain" running along the longitudinal axis of the molecule. At shorter
      distances from the plane of the aromatic ring (1.75 and 2.0 A), this "curtain" is
      quite sinuous, but at greater distances (2.5 and 3.0 A) it tends toward
      rectilinearity. We postulate that this longitudinal separation, together with the
      single positive maximum and the three negative minima perceptible at 3.0 A,
      constitute a distance pharmacophore responsible for the recognition and proper
      alignment of the ligand. The more complex MEP at 1.75 and 2.0 A are equated with
      a contact pharmacophore. Comparison of the MEP of orthopramides and dopamine
      reveals some analogies and suggests a possible mode of binding of these
      antagonists to the D-2 receptor.

PMID- 3701779
TI  - Aminoglycoside antibiotics. 6. Chemical reactions of aminoglycosides with
      disodium carbenicillin.
AB  - Aminoglycoside antibiotics including kanamycin A, tobramycin, and the gentamicin
      C complex reacted with 1 mol of disodium carbenicillin to give products derived
      from acylation of their amino groups by the beta-lactam function of the
      carbenicillin. Amikacin was acylated by two carbenicillin units. Chromatographic
      analysis of fragments from the acid hydrolysis of these derivatives showed that
      the preferred site of acylation was in the 2-deoxystreptamine unit of the
      aminoglycosides. The two sites of acylation in amikacin were the 6'-amino group
      and the amino group in the aminohydroxybutyryl substituent. The derivatives had
      almost no antibacterial activity, and they were not toxic.

PMID- 3701780
TI  - Inhibition of chicken liver dihydrofolate reductase by 5-(substituted benzyl)-2,4
      diaminopyrimidines. A quantitative structure-activity relationship and graphics
      analysis.
AB  - The inhibition of chicken liver dihydrofolate reductase by a series of
      substituted benzylpyrimidines has been investigated. From the inhibition
      constants a quantitative structure-activity relationship has been formulated.
      This mathematical model is compared with molecular graphics models constructed
      from the X-ray crystallographic coordinates of trimethoprim and 5-(3,4-dimethoxy
      4-isopropenylbenzyl)-2,4- diaminopyrimidine bound to the enzyme. There is good
      correspondence between the two types of models.

PMID- 3701781
TI  - Synthesis and evaluation of phenyl- and benzoylpiperazines as potential
      serotonergic agents.
AB  - The binding of a series of phenylpiperazines (3) and benzoylpiperazines (4) to
      central serotonin (5-HT) sites was investigated. Several derivatives of 3
      displayed nanomolar affinities for 5-HT1 sites, whereas derivatives of 4 were
      essentially inactive both at 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 sites. 1-(2-Methoxyphenyl)piperazine
      (2-MPP, 3a) was found to possess an affinity (Ki = 35 nM) for 5-HT1 sites
      comparable to that of the recognized 5-HT agonist 1-[3
      (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]piperazine (TFMPP) (Ki = 20 nM); 3a also displayed a 100
      fold selectivity for 5-HT1 sites (as compared to 8-fold for TFMPP). In tests of
      stimulus generalization using rats trained to discriminate TFMPP (ED50 = 0.17
      mg/kg) from saline, 3a was found to be nearly equipotent (ED50 = 0.22 mg/kg) with
      the training drug. These results suggest that 3a may be a novel and more
      selective 5-HT1 agonist than TFMPP.

PMID- 3701782
TI  - Bipyridine cardiotonics: the three-dimensional structures of amrinone and
      milrinone.
AB  - The cardiotonic drug milrinone (1,6-dihydro-2-methyl-6-oxo-[3,4'-bipyridine]-5
      carbonitrile) is superior to its analogue amrinone (5-amino-[3,4'-bipyridin]
      6(1H)-one) by virtue of its greater potency and reduced side effect profile. We
      confirmed initial reports on the potencies of milrinone and amrinone and found
      that after intravenous administration to phenobarbital anesthetized dogs, the
      drugs had cumulative inotropic ED50's of 37 and 1891 micrograms/kg, respectively;
      relative effects on heart rate and blood pressure were comparable. There are two
      structural differences between amrinone and milrinone: (1) milrinone has a
      pyridone 2-methyl substituent and (2) the pyridone 5-amino substituent of
      amrinone is replaced with a nitrile in milrinone. We confirmed structure-activity
      studies that indicated that the 2-methyl substituent appears to be primarily
      responsible for the dramatic difference in the potencies of amrinone and
      milrinone. A plausible explanation for the effect of the methyl substituent is an
      altered molecular topology resulting from its steric interaction with the 3',5'
      hydrogen atoms. Consequently, we probed the three-dimensional structures of these
      two compounds by X-ray crystallography. The dihedral angle between the planes
      formed by the two aromatic rings of amrinone was 1.3 degrees. In marked contrast,
      the corresponding angle for milrinone was 52.2 degrees. Moreover, 1H NMR studies
      revealed conformational differences in solution. Whereas the 2-methyl substituent
      undoubtedly produces some electronic and hydrophobic perturbations in the
      bipyridine cardiotonic series, the most significant effect, from a global
      viewpoint, is the altered molecular topology.

PMID- 3701783
TI  - Synthesis of delta 3-1-methylene-1-carbacephems.
AB  - The total synthesis of (+/-)-1-methylene-2,2- dimethyl-7-amino-1-carbacephem-4
      carboxylic acid (1) is described. The reaction scheme was essentially that
      described by Christensen et al. for the synthesis of (+/-)-1-carbacephems. In
      vitro antibacterial activities of the 7-phenoxyacetyl and 7-D-alpha-phenylglycyl
      derivatives of 1 were compared with those of 7
      (phenoxyacetamido)desacetoxycephalosporanic acid and cefalexin. Derivatives of 1
      were 2-4 times less active against most of the sensitive organisms than the
      corresponding 7-aminodesacetoxycephalosporanic acid analogues. The activity of
      the 7-D-alpha-phenylglycyl derivative of 1 however was about 20 times lower than
      that of cefalexin when measured against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P.

PMID- 3701784
TI  - Synthesis and biological activity of several amino nucleoside-platinum(II)
      complexes.
AB  - Several platinum(II) complexes of 3',5'-diamino-3',5'-dideoxythymidine (compound
      1), 5'-amino-5'-deoxythymidine (compound 2), and 3'-amino-3'-deoxythymidine
      (compound 3) and the respective 2'-deoxyuridine amino nucleoside complexes, 4-6,
      have been synthesized. Whereas compounds 1, 2, and 4-6 had no inhibitory effect
      on the replication of murine L1210 cells in cell culture, compound 3 [(3'
      AdThd)2PtCl2] inhibited these cells with an ED50 of 0.8 microM. Incubation of
      L1210 cells with 10-20 microM compound 3 for 2 h produced less than 18%
      inhibition of RNA, DNA, or protein synthesis, which is of questionable
      significance. However a 16-h incubation resulted in an increased uptake of
      labeled thymidine into DNA (77%), labeled uridine into RNA (17%), and labeled
      amino acids into protein (100%). These unexpected results indicate that
      inhibition of macromolecules may not be involved in the inhibition of the
      replication of L1210 cells. The increased incorporation of labeled metabolites
      into macromolecules may be related to the increase in cell volume after a 2-h
      incubation of L1210 cells with compound 3 plus a marked increase after 2 h in the
      proportion of cells in their S phase. Compound 3 appears to delay the progression
      of cells through their cell cycle. A marked inhibitory effect on the transport of
      methionine or aminoisobutyric acid into L1210 cells was found with compound 3,
      which was slightly greater than that produced with cisplatin. Compound 3 had a
      dose-dependent effect on the survival of mice bearing the L1210 ascites neoplasm,
      with a T/C X 100 of 175 at a dose of 320 mg/kg. Investigation of the kinetics of
      decomposition in aqueous systems demonstrated that the primary UV-absorbing
      decomposition product is 3'-amino-3'-deoxythymidine and that only a limited
      amount of the compound is formed (less than 8%). Although 3'-amino-3'
      deoxythymidine could account for a part of the inhibition of the replication of
      L1210 cells in culture, it cannot account for the inhibition of amino acid
      transport by compound 3, the platinum complex of 3'-amino-3'-deoxythymidine.
      Compound 3 has been shown to limit part of the amino acid uptake into L1210 cells
      in a similar manner to cisplatin.

PMID- 3701785
TI  - Synthesis and antitumor activity of cyclophosphamide analogues. 4. Preparation,
      kinetic studies, and anticancer screening of "phenylketophosphamide" and similar
      compounds related to the cyclophosphamide metabolite aldophosphamide.
AB  - Phenyl ketone phosphorodiamidates [C6H5C(O)CH2CH2OP(O)NHR1NR2R3] were synthesized
      in conjunction with an ongoing investigation into the effects of substituents on
      the dynamical solution chemistry of the metabolites of cyclophosphamide (1a). In
      contrast to aldophosphamide (3a), which readily interconverts with its cyclic
      isomer 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide (2a), phenylketophosphamide (14a: R1 = H, R2 =
      R3 = CH2CH2Cl) exhibited an apparent "resistance" toward an intramolecular
      addition reaction such that 4-hydroxy-4-phenylcyclophosphamide (13a) could not be
      detected either spectroscopically (31P or 13C NMR) or chemically (NaCN trapping
      experiment). Control studies that compared the relative reactivities of 14a and
      methylketophosphamide [20: CH3C(O)CH2CH2OP(O)NH2N-(CH2CH2Cl)2] revealed that the
      factors that modulate the ring closure/opening reactions were not peculiar to the
      phenyl group; however, differences between phenyl and methyl profoundly
      influenced the rates of fragmentation of 14a and 20. 31P NMR spectroscopy was
      used to determine the rates at which each compound generated a cytotoxic
      alkylating agent. Under a standard set of reaction conditions [1 M lutidine
      buffer with added Me2SO (8:2), pH 7.4, 37 degrees C], the half-lives of 2a/3a,
      14a, phenylketoifosfamide (14b: R1 = R2 = CH2CH2Cl, R3 = H),
      phenylketotrofosfamide (14c: R1 = R2 = R3 = CH2CH2Cl), and 20 were 72, 66, 63,
      56, and 173 min, respectively. Analogues 14a and 14b exhibited good anticancer
      activity against a variety of test systems.

PMID- 3701786
TI  - Preparation and evaluation of radioiodinated (iodophenyl)cholines and their
      morpholinium and piperidinium analogues as myocardial perfusion imaging agents.
AB  - A series of nine radioiodinated quaternary ammonium salts related to
      phenylcholine were synthesized, characterized, and radiolabeled by exchange.
      These compounds were evaluated as myocardial perfusion imaging agents in mice,
      pigs, and humans. Mice biodistribution studies showed that five of the nine
      compounds were taken up in the heart to the same extent as 201Tl+ at 5 min. At 60
      min myocardial retention was significantly better than 201Tl+ for six of the
      compounds. Several of the compounds showed more favorable heart/blood and
      heart/liver ratios when compared to 201Tl+. Evaluation of three of the more
      promising compounds in pigs and humans however revealed no selective myocardial
      uptake.

PMID- 3701788
TI  - Improved glucose tolerance in rats treated with oxazolidinediones.
AB  - 5-(2-Chloro-6-methoxyphenyl)oxazolidine-2,4-dione (49) is the most potent agent
      selected from a series of 5-substituted oxazolidinediones that were found to
      cause improvements in glucose tolerance in previously fasted rats and
      potentiation of insulin release in response to a glucose challenge. These
      compounds were unique in not producing hypoglycemia below the normal fasting
      glycemia levels. Substituent effects at positions 2-6 of the phenyl ring were
      investigated. Optimal positions for substitution were found to be the 2-, 5-, and
      6-positions. Variations in the oxazolidinedione ring generally lead to loss of
      activity. The synthesis and structure-activity relationships of this series are
      detailed.

PMID- 3701787
TI  - 4-Amino-2-(substituted methyl)-2-butenoic acids: substrates and potent inhibitors
      of gamma-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase.
AB  - 4-Amino-2-(substituted methyl)-2-butenoic acids, where X (the substituted group)
      = F, Cl, OH, are synthesized from Cbz-protected tert-butyl 4-aminobutanoate.
      Successive substitutions at the alpha-carbon by phenylseleno and hydroxymethyl
      groups, followed by elimination of the selenoxide and halide substitution at the
      hydroxymethyl group, afford the compounds in good yields. An unexpected degree of
      stereoselectivity is observed in the selenoxide elimination step, which yields
      the desired E isomer as the sole product. These compounds complement two
      previously reported series of compounds (Silverman, R. B.; Levy, M. A. Biochem.
      Biophys. Res. Commun. 1980, 95, 250-255; J. Biol. Chem. 1981, 256, 11 565-11 568)
      and are used in an approach to map a section of the active site of gamma
      aminobutyric acid aminotransferase (GABA-T). None of these compounds is a time
      dependent inactivator of GABA-T, but all are potent competitive reversible
      inhibitors; the hydroxy compound has a Ki value of 5 microM. That these compounds
      are not inactivators suggests that either elimination of X does not occur or that
      there is no active site nucleophile in the appropriate position for reaction
      following elimination. With use of the fluoro analogue, enzyme-catalyzed fluoride
      ion release is demonstrated, indicating that elimination does occur. Unlike the
      previous two series of compounds (op. cit.) in which exclusive elimination occurs
      when the substituent is a halogen but exclusive transamination prevails for the
      hydroxyl-substituted analogues, in the series described here, the fluoro analogue
      gives a 4:1 ratio of elimination to transamination. This suggests that the 2,3
      double bond stabilizes the product of azallylic isomerization of the Schiff base
      between the fluoro compound and pyridoxal phosphate. The results described here
      indicate that the design of a mechanism-based inactivator for GABA-T should not
      be based on electrophile generation near the 2-position of enzyme-bound GABA.
      Furthermore, substitution of an inhibitor with a 2-hydroxymethyl group (or other
      hydrogen-bonding substituent) and a 2,3-double bond may lend auspicious binding
      properties to the molecule for GABA-T.

PMID- 3701789
TI  - Crystal structures of alpha- and beta-funaltrexamine: conformational requirement
      of the fumaramate moiety in the irreversible blockage of mu opioid receptors.
AB  - alpha- and beta-funaltrexamine (alpha- and beta-FNA, 1a and 1b) are naltrexone
      derivatives differing only in chirality at C(6). Both epimers bind to mu opioid
      receptors in GPI and MVD preparations, but only the beta-epimer irreversibly
      blocks these receptors in both preparations. In an effort to investigate the
      reasons for this difference, we have determined the molecular structures of 1a
      and 1b by X-ray diffraction techniques. The two epimers have almost identical
      conformations in the fused ring system except for ring C, which is observed in a
      twist-boat conformation in alpha-FNA and a chair in beta-FNA. As a result the
      electrophilic fumaramate moieties are equatorial in both structures and
      orthogonal to one another when the fused rings are superimposed. In the crystal
      structure of beta-FNA there is a close intermolecular contact between a phenolic
      oxygen and the fumaramate double bond that can serve as a model for nucleophilic
      attack on the fumaramate group. When 1a and 1b are superimposed, the fumaramate
      double bond of 1a is more than 2 A away from that in its epimer 1b and in the
      wrong orientation for nucleophilic attack from the proposed direction to take
      place. The results of this study are consistent with a model that postulates the
      involvement of two consecutive recognition steps leading to the irreversible
      blockage by beta-FNA (Sayre, L. M.; Larson, D. L.; Fries, D. S.; Takemori, A. E.;
      Portoghese, P. S. J. Med. Chem. 1983, 26, 1229) and underscores the importance of
      the second recognition step in conferring selectivity in the Michael addition of
      a nucleophile to the fumaramate group.

PMID- 3701790
TI  - Zwitterionic 3'-O-acyl derivatives of thymidine 5'-phosphate as potential sources
      of intracellular thymidine 5'-phosphate in cells in culture.
AB  - A convenient route is described for attachment of acyl groups
      CO(CH2)nN(Et)2(CH2)mNH(Et)2 (n = 3, m = 2; n = 4, m = 2-4),
      CO(CH2)nN(Et)2(CH2)mNEt3 (n = 4, m = 2-4), or CO(CH2)4N(CH2CH2)3N(CH2)nCH3 (n = 1
      or 9) to O-3' of thymidine 5'-phosphate (TMP). The compounds are prototypes of 5'
      nucleotide derivatives in which the two anionic charges could become partially
      masked in intramolecular anionic-cationic interactions and which might be able to
      diffuse into mammalian cells to furnish intracellular antimetabolite 5'
      nucleotides by hydrolytic loss of a dicationic 3'-O-acyl group. At pH 7.6, 37
      degrees C, hydrolyses of the 3'-ester linkages were pseudo first order with t1/2
      values in the range 28-85 h. Paper chromatography in n-PrOH-H2O at pH 7.6 showed
      that type 1 or 2 derivatives were equally or slightly less hydrophobic than TMP
      (Rf 0.24), whereas the n-decyl type 3 compound (Rf 0.66) was markedly more
      hydrophobic, apparently because chain branching in group 3 is less than in 1 or
      2. A sensitive and specific assay was developed for liberation of intracellular
      TMP in cultured mouse L fibroblasts in which synthesis of TMP and, hence, of DNA
      was suppressed by a combination of aminopterin and 5'-amino-5'-deoxythymidine (5'
      NH2-dT). The TMP derivatives (100 microM) stimulated DNA synthesis, but omission
      of 5'-NH2-dT increased stimulation 6.5-fold, suggesting that stimulation occurred
      via degradation of the derivatives to dT. In confirmation, derivatives of type 2
      (n = 4, m = 2 or 4) (100 microM) or type 3 (n = 9) (200 microM), in the presence
      of aminopterin, did not stimulate DNA synthesis in the LM(TK-) strain of L cells,
      which is genetically deficient in dT kinase. TMP (1 mM) stimulated DNA synthesis
      2-3-fold and appeared to enter LM(TK-) cells without dephosphorylation, because
      dT (1 mM) gave no stimulation. If TMP is assumed to enter solely by passive
      diffusion, the inactivity of the TMP derivatives can be ascribed in part to their
      2-fold higher molecular weight which can be expected to reduce flux through
      natural membranes ca. 16-fold.

PMID- 3701791
TI  - Organic phosphorus compounds. 1. 4-(Benzothiazol-2-yl)benzylphosphonate as potent
      calcium antagonistic vasodilator.
AB  - A series of 4-(benzothiazol-2-yl)benzylphosphonic acid dialkyl ester derivatives
      were synthesized and evaluated for coronary vasodilatory activity by
      Langendorff's method in the isolated guinea pig heart. Many of the phosphonic
      acid dialkyl esters exhibited vasodilatory activity and calcium antagonism
      comparable with those of diltiazem hydrochloride, whereas phosphonic acid 1b and
      its nonphosphonated precursor 7a were inactive. These results indicate the
      necessity of the diethoxyphosphinyl moiety for vasodilatory activity.
      Substitution of the benzothiazole ring with a variety of substituents did not
      significantly enhance the activity of the unsubstituted compound. Compound 10b
      (KB-944) was chosen for detailed pharmacological evaluation.

PMID- 3701792
TI  - Agents for the treatment of brain edema. 2. [(2,3,9,9a-Tetrahydro-3-oxo-9a
      substituted-1H-fluoren-7-yl)oxy]+ ++alkanoi c acids and some of their analogues.
AB  - Our initial paper discussed brain edema resulting from traumatic head injury and
      the need for specific and effective agents to treat the disorder and disclosed a
      novel approach for the discovery of a drug of this kind. The current study
      describes the synthesis of a series of [(2,3,9,9a-tetrahydro-3-oxo-9a-substituted
      1H-fluoren-7-yl)oxy]alk anoic acids and their analogues. These compounds were
      evaluated in an in vitro cerebrocortical tissue slice assay for their relative
      potencies in inhibiting K+ + HCO3- induced swelling. Structural modification at a
      number of sites in the "lead" compound revealed that significant biological
      activity was inherent only within a very narrow range of structural types. The
      observation that nearly all the biological activity resided in one of the two
      enantiomers demonstrated the marked stereospecificity of the most active
      compounds. One of the most potent compounds, (R)-(+)-[(5,6-dichloro-2,3,9,9a
      tetrahydro-3-oxo-9a-propyl-1H-fluoren -7-yl) oxy]acetic acid ((+)-5c), exhibited
      a dose-response relationship in the in vivo acceleration/deceleration brain edema
      assay, and the data from the two highest doses were statistically significant.
      Electron microscopic examination demonstrated that the perivascular astroglial
      swelling that arises from this procedure is abolished in the animals treated with
      (+)-5c. This compound is currently being evaluated for its clinical efficacy and
      safety in the treatment of traumatic head injury.

PMID- 3701793
TI  - 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors. 5. 6-(Fluoren-9-yl)-
      and 6-(fluoren-9-ylidenyl)-3,5-dihydroxyhexanoic acids and their lactone
      derivatives.
AB  - A limited study was conducted to determine the biological consequences of
      rendering the phenyl rings of the previously reported 7-(3,5-disubstituted [1,1'
      biphenyl]-2-yl)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-heptenoic acids coplanar. Such constraint
      substantially diminished intrinsic HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity.

PMID- 3701794
TI  - 4-Aroyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-ones: a new class of cardiotonic agents. 2.
      Effect of 4-pyridoyl substituents and related compounds.
AB  - A group of 4-pyridoyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-ones was prepared and tested for
      inotropic activity in the anesthetized dog. Positive inotropic effects as well as
      increases in heart rate and decreases in blood pressure were noted for most of
      these compounds. One of the compounds (8) is currently undergoing clinical trials
      for the treatment of congestive heart failure.

PMID- 3701795
TI  - Allergenic alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactones. Study of the capacity of beta
      acetoxy- and beta-hydroxy-alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactones to induce allergic
      contact dermatitis in guinea pigs.
AB  - (+/-)-Tulipalin B was prepared in six steps from phenyl sulfide and ethyl 2
      bromopropionate. The sensitizing power in the skin of (+/-)-tulipalin A (1a) and
      B (1b) and of the beta-acetoxy derivatives (1c) was studied. All are able to
      induce allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and give cross-reactions. gamma,gamma
      Disubstituted analogues (with a -(CH2)5- chain in the gamma-position) were
      synthesized and used to induce ACD in guinea pigs: they all were sensitizers and
      cross-reacted. However no cross-reaction was demonstrated between gamma,gamma
      unsubstituted and gamma,gamma-substituted compounds showing a great specificity
      of ACD.

PMID- 3701796
TI  - Epidemiological models of tick-borne infections (Acari: Ixodidae and Argasidae).

PMID- 3701797
TI  - Influence of moonlight and gonotrophic age on biting activity of Anopheles
      farauti (Diptera: Culicidae) from Papua New Guinea.

PMID- 3701798
TI  - Laboratory evaluation of commercial and experimental repellents against
      Ornithodoros parkeri (Acari: Argasidae).

PMID- 3701799
TI  - Methoprene dust for flea (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae) suppression on ground
      squirrels (Rodentia: Sciuridae).

PMID- 3701800
TI  - Dispersal patterns of Aedes sollicitans (Diptera: Culicidae) at the east end of
      Fire Island National Seashore, New York, USA.

PMID- 3701801
TI  - Effect of two insect growth regulators on the camel tick, Hyalomma dromedarii
      (Acari: Ixodoidea: Ixodidae).

PMID- 3701802
TI  - Successful colonization of the sand fly Lutzomyia trapidoi (Diptera:
      Psychodidae), with enhancement of its gonotrophic activity.

PMID- 3701803
TI  - Phenology of horn fly populations (Diptera: Muscidae) in Iowa, USA.

PMID- 3701804
TI  - Aedes (Stegomyia) bromeliae (Diptera: Culicidae), the yellow fever virus vector
      in East Africa.

PMID- 3701805
TI  - A rapid house-dust allergen test: preliminary results.

PMID- 3701806
TI  - Transovarially acquired Lyme disease spirochetes (Borrelia burgdorferi) in field
      collected larval Ixodes dammini (Acari: Ixodidae).

PMID- 3701807
TI  - Hyalomma (Hyalommina) arabica, the Arabian goat and sheep tick) distribution and
      abundance in Saudi Arabia.

PMID- 3701808
TI  - Intervals to blood feeding following emergence and oviposition in Aedes
      triseriatus (Diptera: Culicidae).

PMID- 3701809
TI  - Increasing the graduation rates of minority medical students.
AB  - The University of Illinois College of Medicine has operated a program since 1969
      to recruit minority students into the college and to increase the graduation
      rates of these students once they enroll. Known as the Medical Opportunities
      Program (MOP) until 1978, the program was expanded in 1978 and renamed the Urban
      Health Program (UHP). The authors of the present paper discuss the results of
      these programs, particularly the effect of granting minority students delays in
      completing graduation requirements. The MOP (1969 through 1978) increased
      graduation rates for minority students from 55 percent for those who graduated on
      time to 81 percent for both on-time and delayed graduates. Under the first seven
      years of the UHP (1979 through 1985), more minority students have been offered
      places, and more have enrolled than in the 10 years of the MOP. The retention
      rate under the UHP, if it holds, will be higher than that under the MOP. For the
      combined MOP-UHP period, the retention rate for minority students was 88 percent;
      69.8 percent of the graduates were on time, and 30.2 were delayed.

PMID- 3701810
TI  - A look by medical students at medical practice in the future.
AB  - Ninety-six first- and second-year students (97 percent) at the University of
      Minnesota, Duluth, School of Medicine responded to a questionnaire on their
      career choices and their perceptions of changes in the organization and financing
      of medical care. Their responses indicated a great deal of student concern
      regarding the future of medical practice. Overall, the students were the most
      concerned about a perceived loss of practice autonomy and inadequate financial
      rewards. In the face of these perceptions, the students reported changes in
      career preferences: from smaller to larger communities, from solo or partnership
      arrangements to group practice settings, and from generalist to specialist
      practices. A student's anticipated debt level was the most important predictor of
      whether the student changed career goals.

PMID- 3701811
TI  - Effect of two preclinical curricula on NBME Part I examination performance.
AB  - The Michigan State University College of Human Medicine conducts two preclinical
      medical education programs. In Track I (lecture-based), students attend classes
      24 hours per week, and lecture time totals 908 hours over a 50-week period. In
      Track II (problem-based), students attend classes only 12 hours per week, and
      lecture time totals 112 hours over the same 50-week period. Institution of the
      Part I examination of the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) as a
      graduation requirement provided an opportunity to compare the performances of
      students in both tracks. When students from each track with similar Science
      Problems subtest scores on the Medical College Admission Test were compared, no
      significant differences were observed in the students' total scores or pass rate
      on the NBME examination. However, there were significant differences in scores on
      the microbiology subtest of the NBME examination, with the Track I students
      achieving higher scores. The 1984 report of the Project Panel on the General
      Professional Education of the Physician and College Preparation for Medicine of
      the Association of American Medical Colleges stressed the need to examine
      critically and consider reducing the scheduled instructional and lecture hours in
      preclinical medical education programs. In the study reported here, the authors
      demonstrated that reduction of scheduled instructional time, when replaced by a
      guided problem-solving program, is not detrimental to students' performance on
      the NBME Part I examination.

PMID- 3701812
TI  - Satisfaction of patients with medical student's clinical skills.
AB  - A patient satisfaction-dissatisfaction rating scale was developed to measure
      patients' perceptions of the attitudes and communication skills of medical
      students. An 11-item questionnaire was completed by trained patients following an
      end-of-year clinical assessment of the first- and third-year students of a five
      year training program. The patients rated 80 percent of the first-year students
      and 90 percent of the third-year students as acceptable as future doctors. The
      patients showed a statistically significant preference for the third-year
      students (p less than 0.05). To assess the reliability over time of patient
      reactions, two consecutive third-year student groups were compared, and no
      significant differences in patient satisfaction-dissatisfaction were apparent.
      The patients tended to perceive female students as more satisfactory than male
      students. A weak positive correlation between faculty assessments of students and
      those of the patients was observed. These results suggest that patients are
      capable of detecting small general improvements in students' attitudes and
      general manner across years of training and that the patients' ratings are
      reliable over time.

PMID- 3701813
TI  - The impact of reading a clinical study on treatment decisions of physicians and
      residents.
AB  - The study presented here reports on the impact of newly published clinical
      research on physicians' decisions. Eighty-three pediatricians, pediatric
      residents, and family practitioners were presented with a common, potentially
      serious problem, an infant with a high fever, and were required to estimate the
      probabilities of bacteremia and of acquiring meningitis and to choose from
      management options. The participants then read a published scientific report
      addressing the risks of meningitis in febrile infants and were asked afterward to
      answer again the questions relating to the clinical problem. After reading the
      study, the participants significantly increased their probability estimates of
      the patient acquiring meningitis. Only 14 percent of the participants would have
      hospitalized the patient before reading the article, but 47 percent would have
      done so after reading the article. Pediatricians were more likely than family
      practitioners to use antibiotics after reading the article. These decisions were
      not based not based on logical processing of information, as there was no
      correlation between the physicians' estimate of the risk of meningitis and the
      underlying risk of bacteremia and no correlation between the participants'
      decisions to hospitalize or use antibiotics and their estimated risk of the
      patient developing meningitis. Physicians appear to have considerable difficulty
      in using probability data and appear to base estimates of serious disease and
      subsequent management on intuition rather than calculation.

PMID- 3701814
TI  - Screening for cancer by residents in an internal medicine program.
AB  - A study was conducted by the authors to explore screening for cancer by internal
      medicine residents in a primary care clinic. The charts of 151 patients over 40
      years of age followed by residents in the outpatient clinic of an innercity
      hospital were reviewed for documentation of screening on initial evaluation or on
      follow-up within 12 months of the initial visit. The residents were unaware of
      the chart review, and cancer screening had received no special emphasis in their
      training program. Screening was more frequently performed on male patients than
      female patients: smoking history (61 percent of males, 34 percent of females);
      alcohol history (64 percent of males, 26 percent of females); occupational
      history (48 percent of males, 15 percent of females); and testing for hidden
      blood in stools (73 percent of males, 41 percent of females). Breast examination
      and Pap smears were done on 33 percent and 29 percent of the women patients,
      respectively, with women residents performing them slightly more frequently than
      male residents. This low rate of cancer risk screening suggests the need for
      intensive education of residents on the potential for cancer prevention through
      early detection.

PMID- 3701815
TI  - Affective changes in faculty development fellows in family medicine.
AB  - The authors investigated the perceptions of 20 faculty development fellows in
      family medicine to determine whether they were more comfortable in clinical
      teaching roles after completing a fellowship. The fellows were asked to rate
      themselves and the ideal clinical teacher at the beginning and end of the
      fellowship. Comparisons of the fellows' pretest and posttest results were made on
      each of three factors (authority, sensitivity, and capability) that had been
      identified as characteristic of the ideal clinical teacher in family medicine.
      The results of the ratings indicated that the fellows changed their perceptions
      of themselves as clinical teachers substantially on two of the factors during the
      fellowship. In addition, on the posttest the fellows' perceptions of themselves
      matched their own profiles of ideal clinical teachers and on two of the factors
      matched the profile of an ideal clinical teacher of a sample of 215 clinical
      teachers in family medicine.

PMID- 3701816
TI  - A comparison of the first-year medical school performances of students admitted
      with and without interviews.

PMID- 3701817
TI  - Teaching the residency application process to third-year medical students.

PMID- 3701818
TI  - Disaster medicine training through simulations for fourth-year students.

PMID- 3701819
TI  - Problem-based learning of social sciences and humanities by fourth-year medical
      students.

PMID- 3701820
TI  - Development of a preprinted medical literature filing system.

PMID- 3701821
TI  - Implications for medical education of nonrational prescribing by residents.

PMID- 3701822
TI  - Adjustments and opportunities for academic medical centers under health care
      competition and cost containment.

PMID- 3701823
TI  - Residency and career plans and indebtedness of 1985 medical school graduates.

PMID- 3701824
TI  - Charges by residents and teachers.

PMID- 3701825
TI  - The importance of certification/registration in expanding engineering career
      opportunities.
AB  - The difficulties of the engineering profession in exploiting to the full the
      opportunities available to it are not due to the oft-repeated and reputed lack of
      academic/industrial orientation and liaison. I am convinced that the reasons are
      due to present-day attempts to guide the profession in a characteristically
      multiprofessional world by inapplicable, restrictive and inhibitive uni
      professional concepts and principles. The Engineering Council in particular
      should evolve active, rather than passively reactive means of recognizing and
      encouraging multi-professional team efforts on a much wider spectrum of
      activities than at present. This spectrum should, in particular, recognize the
      Health Service as the industry pertinent to biomedical engineering. The way
      forward lies in pre-experience registration of the newly qualified, followed by
      training 'on-the-job' accredited by the professional Institutions, culminating in
      'certified' specialties. The process of accreditation/certification should be
      flexibly designed so as to permit changes of specialty orientation and even that
      of total career content.

PMID- 3701826
TI  - A standard microcomputer linked to a volume-controlled infusion pump for patient
      controlled analgesia research.
AB  - A patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) system is described. The system based on the
      Apple IIe microcomputer linked to an Imed 929 computer controllable infusion
      pump. The system provides a method for the collection, storage, plotting and
      analysis of data for PCA research.

PMID- 3701827
TI  - A miniature external fixator for the metacarpals and phalanges.

PMID- 3701828
TI  - An inexpensive r.m.s. ammeter for use with electrosurgical units.
AB  - A true r.m.s. reading rf ammeter utilizing low-cost integrated circuits has been
      developed for use in measurements of the power output and rf leakage of
      electrosurgical units. The meter is sufficiently accurate for most clinical
      applications without the drawbacks of the thermal ammeter.

PMID- 3701830
TI  - Anaesthetic machine servicing.

PMID- 3701829
TI  - Evaluation report: defibrillators.

PMID- 3701831
TI  - Effect of anti-inflammatory agents on the haemorrhagic response of mouse skin to
      Bordetella pertussis heat-labile toxin.
AB  - Bordetella pertussis heat-labile toxin (HLT) was assayed by the haemorrhagic
      response produced by subcutaneous injection into weaned mice. Young mice, 3-5
      weeks old of either sex, were highly responsive but they became resistant to HLT
      as they matured. Two anti-inflammatory agents, prednisolone and meclofenamate,
      inhibited the skin reactions in young mice. When given intraperitoneally,
      prednisolone was most inhibitory if it was injected just before, or at the same
      time as, HLT challenge. Prednisolone given 3 h after challenge, when the skin
      reactions had started to develop, did not significantly attenuate the final
      response. Both drugs were even more effective when mixed with the HLT challenge
      and injected subcutaneously. These findings are discussed in relation to the
      possible mechanism of action of HLT and to the reported beneficial effects of
      corticosteroids in the treatment of whooping cough.

PMID- 3701832
TI  - A new scheme for serotyping group-G streptococci.
AB  - Ten antisera, prepared against nine selected strains of group-G streptococci and
      a strain of group-A streptococci of M-type 12, were used to serotype 102 isolates
      of group-G streptococci by means of precipitation reactions between the sera and
      hot-acid extracts of the streptococci. Fifty-six (54.9%) of the streptococci
      could be typed; eight serotypes were identified, of which type VIII was the most
      common (18.6%). The M12 and the R28 antigens, previously recorded in group-G
      streptococci, were not detected. The type antigens were trypsin sensitive and
      resembled the M antigens of group-A streptococci.

PMID- 3701833
TI  - Serum opsonic activity after pneumococcal vaccination in splenectomized
      individuals as measured by a nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction micromethod.
AB  - 19 children who were splenectomized after traumatic rupture and 15 healthy
      siblings were vaccinated with a 14-valent pneumococcal vaccine (Pneumovax). The
      serum opsonic activity against types 3, 6A, 7F, 14, 19F and 23F was evaluated
      before the vaccination and after 2 and 12 months by a new micromethod based on
      nitroblue tetrazolium reduction of granulocytes. Before the vaccination, opsonic
      activity was found more often in the splenectomized than in the controls, 38 and
      29%, respectively. However, patients and controls responded similarly to the
      vaccine. The serum opsonic activity changed from negative to positive after
      vaccination in 31% of the splenectomized, as well as the controls. The results
      indicate that the protection against pneumococcal infection after vaccination may
      not be adequate against all pneumococcal types in all patients.

PMID- 3701834
TI  - Sequential studies of NK cell activity in human pregnancy.
AB  - We have assessed maternal NK cell function sequentially during and after 14
      uncomplicated human pregnancies. As the pattern of response varied in different
      individuals, a single examination may not provide reliable information. Normally,
      there was depression of NK cell activity throughout pregnancy, most obvious in
      the first trimester. In one individual, no depression was seen at any stage.
      Cryopreservation of peripheral blood leucocytes had no effect on NK activity. In
      contrast to previous reports, we found no consistent effect of pregnancy serum or
      plasma on the NK cell activity of control normal lymphocytes.

PMID- 3701835
TI  - Reduction of passive extension and radiographic evidence of degenerative knee
      joint diseases in cage-raised and free-ranging aged rhesus monkeys (Macaca
      mulatta).
AB  - The knee joints of aged (greater than or equal to 15 years) rhesus macaques
      raised and maintained in individual cages were compared with those of formerly
      free-ranging monkeys using radiographs and measures of passive joint flexion and
      extension. Free-ranging monkeys had a significantly higher prevalence (p less
      than 0.01) and severity (p less than 0.0003) of degenerative joint diseases
      (osteoarthritis and/or pseudogout) based on radiographic findings and
      significantly (p less than 0.02) more restricted passive knee joint extension
      than caged animals of the same age.

PMID- 3701836
TI  - Infant survival and litter size in primigravid and multigravid Galagos.
AB  - Eighteen years of birth records for three species of Galago at the Duke
      University Primate Center were examined to determine the effect of gravidity
      status on neonatal mortality and litter size. Multiparous Galago senegalensis
      moholi and G crassicaudatus, but not G garnettii, had significantly higher infant
      survival rates. Gravidity status had no effect on the percentage of multiple
      births for any of the three species of Galago.

PMID- 3701837
TI  - Host defense deficiency in newborn nonhuman primate lungs.
AB  - We have investigated two major aspects of the pulmonary host defense mechanism-
      alveolar macrophage function as a "first line of bacterial defense" and induced
      neutrophil migration into the lung as a "back-up defense." Chemotactic and
      phagocytic/killing assays revealed a functional deficiency in the alveolar
      macrophages of newborn primates. Serial bronchoalveolar lavage investigations
      revealed diminished neutrophil migration into the newborn primate lung. The
      overall pulmonary host defense capability in newborn primates was deficient. The
      results of this investigation may have direct clinical relevance to the
      susceptibility of newborns to infections and pneumonia.

PMID- 3701838
TI  - Effects of intravenous epinephrine on macaque platelets.
AB  - Blood was obtained from three species of macaques for a study of platelets. A
      rapidly mobilizable platelet pool was demonstrated in rhesus macaques given
      intravenous epinephrine. The number of platelets/ml of blood increased about 30%
      3 to 5 min after epinephrine was given. The size distributions of the platelets
      were similar before and after injection. Platelet aggregability was increased
      after injection. Basal platelet aggregabilities, as measured by platelet
      aggregate ratios, were similar in rhesus macaques. Celebes black macaques, and
      human subjects, but were significantly greater in cynomolgus macaques than in the
      other three species.

PMID- 3701839
TI  - Water exchange through erythrocyte membranes: nuclear magnetic resonance studies
      on resealed ghosts compared to human erythrocytes.
AB  - The water diffusion across human erythrocyte membrane has been studied on intact
      cells and resealed ghosts by a doping NMR technique. Although the water exchange
      time of ghosts was longer than that of erythrocytes, no significant differences
      in their diffusional permeability were noticed for temperatures in the range 2-43
      degrees C. Contrary to what was previously noticed in erythrocytes, no
      significant increase in the water exchange time of ghosts in the acid range of pH
      occurred.

PMID- 3701840
TI  - Measurements of amino acid transport in internally dialyzed giant axons.
AB  - It is shown that the axoplasmic composition of acidic and neutral amino acids can
      be controlled effectively by the method of internal dialysis. Direct assay for
      specific binding and measurement of diffusion coefficients in axoplasm show that
      there is no significant binding or compartmentalization of amino acids. The
      dependence of amino acid efflux on substrate concentration can be measured under
      well-defined, true steady-state conditions. The taurine efflux-concentration
      relation in the Myxicola giant axon conforms to a second-order Hill equation.
      This fact is consistent with either a cooperative process or a mechanism in which
      membrane translocation is not the rate-controlling step. The effluxes of taurine
      and glycine from squid axon are an order of magnitude smaller than in Myxicola.
      The efflux-concentration relations are essentially linear up to 200 mM substrate
      concentration. This result may be produced by specific transporters which have
      very high asymmetry, or by simple diffusive leak in the absence of specific
      transporters.

PMID- 3701841
TI  - Binding of chloride and a disulfonic stilbene transport inhibitor to red cell
      band 3.
AB  - The effect of chloride on 4,4'-dibenzamido-2,2'-disulfonic stilbene (DBDS)
      binding to band 3 in unsealed red cell ghost membranes was studied in buffer
      [NaCl (0 to 500 mM) + Na citrate] at constant ionic strength (160 or 600 mM), pH
      7.4, 25 degrees C. In the presence of chloride, DBDS binds to a single class of
      sites on band 3. At 160 mM ionic strength, the dissociation constant of DBDS
      increases linearly with chloride concentration in the range [Cl] = 10 to 120 mM;
      at 600 mM ionic strength, the DBDS dissociation constant saturates hyperbolically
      with half-saturating [Cl] = 450 mM. The observed rate of DBDS binding to ghost
      membranes, as measured by fluorescence stopped-flow kinetic experiments,
      increases with chloride concentration at both 160 and 600 mM ionic strength. The
      equilibrium and kinetic results have been incorporated into the following model
      of the DBDS-band 3 interaction: (formula; see text) The equilibrium and rate
      constants of the model at 600 mM ionic strength are K1 = 0.67 +/- 0.16 microM, k2
      = 1.6 +/- 0.7 sec-1, k-2 = 0.17 +/- 0.09 sec-1, K'1 = 6.3 +/- 1.7 microM, k'2 = 9
      +/- 4 sec-1 and k'-2 = 7 +/- 3 sec-1. The apparent dissociation constants of
      chloride from band 3, KCl, are 40 +/- 4 mM (160 mM ionic strength) and 11 +/- 3
      mM (600 mM ionic strength). Our results indicate that chloride and DBDS have
      distinct, interacting binding sites on band 3.

PMID- 3701842
TI  - Transport of alkali cations through thin lipid membranes by (222)C10-cryptand, an
      ionizable mobile carrier.
AB  - The kinetics of K+ and Na+ transport across the membrane of large unilamellar
      vesicles (L.U.V.) were compared at two pH's, with two carriers: (222)C10-cryptand
      (diaza-1,10-decyl-5-hexaoxa-4,7,13,16,21,24-bicyclo[8.8.8.]+ ++hexacosane) and
      valinomcyin, i.e. an ionizable macrobicyclic amino polyether and a neutral
      macrocyclic antibiotic. The rate of cation transport by (222)C10 saturated as
      cation and carrier concentrations rose. The apparent affinity of (222)C10 for K+
      was higher and less pH dependent than that for Na+ but resembled the affinity of
      valinomycin for K+. The efficiency of (222)C10 transport of K+ decreased as the
      pH fell and the carrier concentration rose, and was about ten times lower than
      that of valinomycin. Noncompetitive K+/Na+ transport selectivity of (222)C10
      decreased as pH, and cation and carrier concentrations rose, and was lower than
      that of valinomycin. Transport of alkali cations by (222)C10 and valinomycin was
      noncooperative. Reaction orders in cation n(S) and carrier m(M) varied with the
      type of cation and carrier and were almost independent of pH; n(S) and m(M) were
      not respectively dependent on carrier or cation concentrations. The apparent
      estimated constants for cation translocation by (222)C10 were higher in the
      presence of Na+ than of K+ due to higher carrier saturation by K+, and decreased
      as pH and carrier concentration increased. Equilibrium potential was independent
      of the nature of carrier and transported cation. Results are discussed in terms
      of the structural, physiocochemical and electrical characteristics of carriers
      and complexes.

PMID- 3701843
TI  - Phlorizin binding to isolated enterocytes: membrane potential and sodium
      dependence.
AB  - Phlorizin binding is studied in isolated intestinal epithelial cells of the
      chick. Cells are ATP depleted to allow extensive manipulation of ionic gradients
      and membrane potential (delta psi). Phlorizin binding is assayed at steady state.
      Carrier specific phlorizin binding is defined as D-glucose (90 mM) inhibitable
      binding. Specific binding displays simple Michaelian kinetics as a function of
      phlorizin, indicating the presence of a single homogeneous binding site. Sodium
      concentrations and delta psi modify the apparent binding affinity but not the
      maximum number of binding sites. In contrast, the activation curve as a function
      of sodium concentrations is sigmoid and the apparent maximum number of binding
      sites at saturating sodium is phlorizin dependent. The rate of phlorizin
      association is both delta psi and sodium-concentration dependent. Dissociation is
      sodium-concentration dependent but not delta psi dependent. Theoretical analysis
      indicates binding order of substrates is random. In addition, data suggests that
      the phlorizin/sodium stoichiometry is 2:1. The delta psi dependence can be
      explained by two models: either translocation is the delta psi-dependent step and
      the free carrier is anionic, or sodium binding is the delta psi-dependent step.

PMID- 3701844
TI  - Compartmentation of newly synthesized phosphatidylethanolamine in rat brain
      microsomes.
AB  - The compartmentation of the phosphatidylethanolamine newly synthesized in brain
      microsomes in vitro either by base exchange or net synthesis has been studied,
      using difluorodinitrobenzene as a chemical probe. The experimental results
      demonstrate that in rat brain microsomes the phosphatidylethanolamine molecules
      synthesized by base exchange and the bulk membrane lipid belong to different
      pools. Ca2+ bound to microsomes seems to be involved in the maintenance of the
      compartmentation of phosphatidylethanolamine. In the presence of Ca2+ the newly
      synthesized phosphatidylethanolamine molecules react with difluorodinitrobenzene
      as though they are organized in clusters. After biosynthesis in vivo or in vitro
      through the cytidine pathway, the compartmentation of the newly formed
      phosphatidylethanolamine appears less marked than after the synthesis through
      base exchange.

PMID- 3701845
TI  - Miscibility of phosphatidylcholine binary mixtures in unilamellar vesicles: phase
      equilibria.
AB  - Miscibility among phospholipids with different lipid chain-lengths or with
      different head groups has attracted a number of research efforts because of its
      significance in biological membrane structure and function. The general consensus
      about the miscibility of phosphatidylcholines with varying lipid chain-lengths
      appears to be that binary mixtures of phospholipids with a difference of two
      carbon atoms in the lipid chain mix well at the main phase transition.
      Miscibility between phosphatidylcholines with differences of four carbon atoms
      appears to be inconclusive. Previous reports on the phase transition of binary
      phospholipid mixtures are concerned mainly with multilamellar vesicles and are
      mostly limited to the main transition. In the present study, unilamellar vesicles
      were used and miscibility in binary systems between dimyristoyl-, dipalmitoyl-
      and distearoyl-phosphatidylcholines at pretransition as well as main transition
      temperatures was evaluated by constructing phase diagrams. Two methods were used
      to monitor the phase transitions: differential scanning microcalorimetry and
      optical absorbance methods. The optical method has the advantage that unilamellar
      vesicles of dilute phospholipid concentrations can be used. The liquidus and
      solidus phase boundaries were determined by the onset temperature of heating and
      cooling scans, respectively, because the completion temperature of a phase
      transition has no meaning in binary solutions. Dimyristoyl- and distearoyl
      phosphatidylcholines, where the difference in the lipid chain-length is four
      carbon atoms, mixed well even at pretransition temperature.

PMID- 3701846
TI  - Rat heart gap junctions as disulfide-bonded connexon multimers: their
      depolymerization and solubilization in deoxycholate.
AB  - Unproteolyzed gap junctions isolated from rat heart and liver were analyzed for
      the presence of inter-subunit disulfide bonds by sodium dodecylsulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Rat cardiac junctions contained multiple
      disulfide bonds connecting the Mr 47,000 subunits of the same connexon and of
      different connexons. Inter-subunit disulfide bonds were absent in liver
      junctions. Unproteolyzed rat heart gap junctions were resistant to deoxycholate
      in their oxidized state, but dissolved readily in the detergent when the
      disulfide bonds were cleaved with beta-mercaptoethanol. Disulfide bonding in
      proteolyzed cardiac junctions was limited to pairs of Mr 29,500 subunits. These
      junctions were not soluble in deoxycholate even in the presence of beta
      mercaptoethanol. These results show that heart and liver junctions differ in
      their quarternary organization.

PMID- 3701847
TI  - WAIS profiles in mentally retarded adults.
AB  - The present study investigated WAIS indices of scatter in a sample of 83 mentally
      retarded adults (FIQ, means = 58). Overall subtest scatter was significantly
      correlated with VIQ, PIQ and FIQ. There was no significant relationship between
      the discrepancy score (absolute value of the difference between VIQ and PIQ), and
      VIQ, PIQ and FIQ. The scatter and discrepancy score means were surprisingly
      large. Analysis of VIQ and PIQ configuration revealed that VIQ greater than PIQ,
      and PIQ greater than VIQ occurred with nearly equal frequency.

PMID- 3701848
TI  - The autism-fragile-X syndrome (AFRAX): a population-based study of ten boys.
AB  - This study reports on the neuropsychiatric findings in a population-based series
      of ten infantile autistic boys, aged 2-17 years, who also showed the fragile-X
      (q27) chromosome marker. Epilepsy, brainstem dysfunction and a range of
      psychiatric symptoms not inherent in the autism diagnosis were present.
      Theoretical and practical issues are discussed.

PMID- 3701849
TI  - Staff's estimations of the performance of mentally handicapped adults on a test
      of moral knowledge.
AB  - This paper reports an investigation to determine whether staff in an Adult
      Training Centre could estimate the performance of adults who are mentally
      handicapped on a test of moral knowledge. It also sought to discover whether
      estimations are more accurate in instances where staff claim to have a closer
      knowledge of the subjects. Not only do the results indicate that training staff
      are unable to estimate accurately, but they overestimate knowledge in this
      subject area. The degree of knowledge of the subjects made no difference to the
      accuracy of staff estimations. The implications of these results are considered
      in terms of the training needs of staff in Adult Training Centre and the use of
      assessment criteria prior to the entry of students into specific training
      programmes.

PMID- 3701850
TI  - Psychiatric and behaviour disturbance in mental handicap.
AB  - This study reports on the relationship between behavioural and psychiatric
      perceptions of mentally handicapped subjects. A Standardised Psychiatric
      Interview schedule was found to characterise psychiatric problems in the mentally
      handicapped along eight dimensions: depression, neurasthenia, psychoticism,
      phobias, histrionic elation, hypochondria, mental retardation and medication
      effects. A Behavioural Disturbance Scale characterised disturbances along six
      dimensions: aggressive conduct, mood disturbance, withdrawal, antisocial conduct,
      idiosyncratic mannerisms and self-injury. The relationships between the two modes
      of assessment were investigated using multiple regression. Clinical features were
      not expressed in behaviour disturbances, nor were they related to age, sex or
      hospitalisation. The communicativeness of an interviewee was, however, found to
      limit the detection of depression.

PMID- 3701851
TI  - Comprehensive fire-safety training for adult mentally retarded persons.
AB  - Proficiency in emergency fire-safety skills is important for developmentally
      disabled persons, especially if they are to live independently in the community.
      In this study, nine mentally retarded adults were taught functional repertoires
      for (a) exiting a burning building, (b) reporting a fire to the proper
      authorities and (c) extinguishing a fire on one's self or another person using
      the 'stop, drop and roll' technique. In a two-part study, five residents from one
      group home were taught these behaviours by skilled trainers using a training
      package consisting of instructions, modelling rehearsal, feedback, and social and
      descriptive reinforcement. In the second part, two residents from another group
      home were taught by the trainers, and an additional two subjects were taught by a
      staff member of the group home using the same training procedures. The results
      showed that developmentally disabled adults can be trained in emergency fire
      safety skills by both skilled trainers and by direct-care staff.

PMID- 3701852
TI  - Cognitive changes after social skills training with young mildly mentally
      handicapped adults.
AB  - There have been several recent reports which indicate that social skills training
      may be a useful technique for helping mentally handicapped adults who have social
      defects. These reports have focused on the acquisition of skills and abilities
      and there has been a relative lack of emphasis on cognitive factors. In general
      clinical work, the author has been aware that cognitions are crucial in the
      social performance of mildly mentally handicapped people and this paper uses
      three case studies to illustrate the importance of cognitions in their social
      functioning. The case studies provide examples of poor self concept, lack of
      confidence, anxiety-related self statements and antagonistic attitudes towards
      interaction. They also illustrate that it is not necessary for patients to change
      their social skills for there to be concurrent cognitive changes.

PMID- 3701853
TI  - Strategy and abilities training for prose recall and comprehension in mentally
      retarded children.
AB  - This study compared the effects of training conditions, abilities, strategies,
      and a combination of abilities and strategies on the recall and comprehension of
      prose passages. The subjects were 45 educable mentally retarded children divided
      equally into the three conditions. Although there was significant pre- to post
      test improvement within each condition for factual recall, no differences were
      observed among the conditions for either factual recall or comprehension.

PMID- 3701854
TI  - Cryo-electron microscopy and three-dimensional reconstruction of actin filaments.
AB  - Actin filaments have been examined by electron microscopy whilst in a frozen
      hydrated state. Filaments embedded in a vitreous water layer are basically
      similar to those prepared by negative staining and show characteristic helical
      substructure, where the pitches of the helices are about 70 nm and 6 nm.
      Variability in spacing between long pitch helix cross-over points has been
      observed, which is consistent with intrinsic angular disorder between successive
      filament subunits. Fourier transforms of the most ordered filaments show four
      strong layer lines that index as the first, fifth, sixth and seventh orders of a
      35 nm repeat. A three-dimensional helical reconstruction, calculated to a
      resolution of about 4 nm, shows the individual subunits to be orientated with
      their long axes roughly perpendicular to the filament axis. Each subunit is
      somewhat curved and is resolved into two domains. Most connections between
      successive subunits appear to be made close to the filament axis. We also report
      on the performance of the specimen holder (Philips PW 5699) used in this work.

PMID- 3701855
TI  - Community exercise programs: follow-up difficulty and outcome.
AB  - The use of follow-up assessments to determine maintenance following behavior
      change programs is widely recognized as essential. It is often difficult to
      contact all previous participants, and evidence from alcohol abuse programs
      suggests that data from those people most readily contacted are not
      representative of overall outcomes. This study examines the relationship between
      the difficulty of follow-up and the reported maintenance of regular physical
      activity 6 months after the completion of a community-based fitness program.
      Ninety percent of 372 participants were contacted, and those easier to contact
      reported a significantly greater amount of current exercise. It is concluded that
      as large a percentage of former participants as possible must be contacted in
      order to conduct meaningful follow-up studies.

PMID- 3701856
TI  - Familial aggregation of type A behavior.
AB  - This research examined the relationship of children's Type A behavior pattern, as
      measured by the Matthews Youth Test for Health, to parents' Type A behavior
      pattern, as measured by the Jenkins Activity Survey, Form C. A total of 115
      families with boys and 106 families with girls enrolled in the fourth through
      sixth grades participated. There were no significant correlations between the
      Pattern A scores of fathers and those of their children, but there was evidence
      for a maternal influence on the development of children's Type A behavior. The
      results are compared with results from studies of familial aggregation previously
      reported in the literature.

PMID- 3701857
TI  - Definitional issues in the study of anticipatory nausea in cancer chemotherapy.
AB  - Biobehavioral research investigating anticipatory nausea in cancer chemotherapy
      has been hampered by the lack of a consistent and conceptually defensible
      definition of this phenomenon. The most frequently employed definitions have
      failed to account for the possibility that reports of pretreatment nausea might
      be attributable to pharmacological factors. One possibility is to restrict the
      definition of anticipatory nausea to instances of nausea or vomiting experienced
      prior to a treatment on Day 1 of a new chemotherapy cycle. The impact of this and
      previous common definitions of anticipatory nausea on research addressing the
      issues of prevalence rates and characteristics associated with the development of
      anticipatory nausea is illustrated and discussed. Overall, researchers are
      encouraged to reduce inappropriate criterion group heterogeneity through careful
      consideration of how the presence or absence of anticipatory nausea is defined.

PMID- 3701858
TI  - Cardiovascular responses in type A and type B men to a series of stressors.
AB  - Fifty-six healthy adult males were administered the Type A Structured Interview
      and assessed as exhibiting either Type A (N = 42) or Type B (N = 14) behavior
      pattern. They were monitored for systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure
      (DBP) and heart rate (HR) responses during a series of six challenging tasks:
      Mental Arithmetic, Hypothesis Testing, Reaction Time, Video Game, Handgrip, and
      Cold Pressor. The results indicated that Type A subjects exhibited greater
      cardiovascular responses than did Type B subjects during some (Hypothesis
      Testing, Reaction Time, Video Game and Mental Arithmetic) but not all (Handgrip
      and Cold Pressor) of the tasks. These results are discussed in terms of
      previously reported findings on conditions that do and do not produce differences
      in Type A/B cardiovascular stress responses.

PMID- 3701859
TI  - Empirically derived pain-patient MMPI subgroups: prediction of treatment outcome.
AB  - Fifty-seven male chronic pain patients admitted to an inpatient multimodal pain
      treatment program at a Midwestern Veterans Administration hospital completed the
      MMPI, Profile of Mood States (POMS), Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (TSCS), Rathus
      Assertiveness Schedule (RAS), activity diaries, and an extensive pain
      questionnaire. All patients were assessed both before and after treatment, and
      most also were assessed 2-5 months prior to treatment. No significant changes
      occurred during the baseline period, but significant improvements were evident at
      posttreatment on most variables: MMPI, POMS, TSCS, RAS, pain severity, sexual
      functioning, and activity diaries. MMPI subgroup membership, based on a
      hierarchical cluster analysis in a larger sample, was not predictive of
      differential treatment outcome. Possible reasons for comparable treatment gains
      among these subgroups, which previously have been shown to differ on many
      psychological and behavioral factors, are discussed.

PMID- 3701860
TI  - Social insecurity, the type A behavior pattern, and sympathetic arousal.
AB  - Social insecurity is a psychological orientation that has been found to be
      associated significantly with both coronary atherosclerosis and psychological
      distress. Although sympathetic arousal has been assumed to be a cause of coronary
      atherosclerosis and an effect of psychological distress, neither of the prior
      studies included a measure of sympathetic arousal in its design. The present
      study fills this gap by examining social insecurity in relation to blood
      pressure, as an index of sympathetic arousal. The results, derived from 50 male,
      medical/surgical patients, are consistent with the pattern of findings in
      previous studies in that social insecurity was independent of the Type A pattern
      and additive to it in its association with blood pressure. Differences between
      social insecurity and the Type A pattern are discussed in terms of their
      differential associations with systolic versus diastolic pressure and their
      differential trait-like and state-like patterns of association with blood
      pressure.

PMID- 3701861
TI  - Comparison of behavioral treatments for Raynaud's disease.
AB  - Induced vasodilation by classical conditioning was compared to biofeedback
      therapy as treatment for idiopathic Raynaud's disease. Classical conditioning
      therapy consisted of 54 10-min immersions of both hands in water (43 degrees C)
      simultaneously with whole-body exposure to cold air (0 degrees C), given three
      times per day, 3 days per week, for 6 weeks. Biofeedback therapy consisted of
      eight sessions of electromyograph feedback (frontalis) while listening to
      relaxation tapes, followed by 10 sessions of digital thermal feedback while
      listening to relaxation tapes. Both groups received 10-min cold stress tests of
      whole-body exposure to 0 degrees C before and after treatments. Results indicated
      that both therapies significantly increased the digital temperature response to
      cold. Although no differences between classical conditioning and biofeedback were
      found at the end of training, a 1-year follow-up indicated that classical
      conditioning was more effective.

PMID- 3701862
TI  - Temporomandibular pain and dysfunction syndrome: the relationship of clinical and
      psychological data to outcome.
AB  - A prospective study of 60 patients with the temporomandibular pain and
      dysfunction syndrome (TMPDS) was done using the General Health Questionnaire, the
      Crown-Crisp Experiential Index, and the Parental Bonding Instrument. Three months
      after an initial visit 59 patients were reassessed: 18 patients were completely
      better or improved a lot, 27 were improved a little, and 14 were the same or
      worse. Patients' outcomes were not related to the severity or duration of
      symptoms at the initial presentation. Thirty-five percent of the patients had not
      received any therapy in the 3-month interval. The outcomes of these patients were
      not different from the outcomes of patients who had received treatment. A
      significant relationship was found between initial psychological test scores and
      outcome (multivariate F = 3.80, P less than 0.05). This relationship was
      curvilinear: the group with the worst outcomes scored highest, that with the best
      outcomes scored in the middle, and that with intermediate outcomes scored lowest.
      These results imply that mild psychological distress may facilitate a successful
      outcome, whereas either excessive psychological disturbance or minimal
      psychological complaint is associated with poor results.

PMID- 3701863
TI  - Sequence relationships of three human satellite DNAs.
AB  - The simple sequence components of three human classical satellite DNAs have been
      defined, and some segments of each satellite have been sequenced. Each of the
      classical satellites I, II and III was found to contain, as a major component, a
      single family of simple repeated sequences. The three simple-sequence families
      have been called satellites 1, 2 and 3, to indicate the enrichment of each in one
      of the classical satellites I, II and III, and to differentiate them from these
      classical satellites, which also contain other repeated components. Satellite 3,
      the simple sequence component of classical satellite III, when digested with the
      restriction endonuclease HinfI, forms a ladder based on a repeat of five base
      pairs, 5' A-T-T-C-C. The HinfI ladder was shown to be composed of repeated
      elements with the general sequence 5' (A-T-T-C-C)n-A-TC-T-C-G-G-G-T-T-G.
      Satellite 2, the simple sequence component of classical satellite II, is digested
      by HinfI into a large number of very small fragments, of length 10 to 80 base
      pairs. These were found to contain the simple repeat 5' A-T-T-C-C, in a highly
      diverged form. Analysis of satellite 2 sequences suggested that the five base
      pair repeat was originally amplified as a higher-order repeat like that of
      satellite 3. However, the main tandemly repeated segments of satellite 2 in the
      human genome are much longer, and the simple sequence elements on which they are
      based are quite degenerate. Satellite 1, the simple sequence component of
      classical satellite I, is digested by the restriction endonuclease RsaI into a
      ladder of fragments less than 150 base-pairs in length. These ladder fragments
      were found to be formed by the loss of RsaI sites from two related A + T-rich
      sequences, A (17 base-pairs) and B (25 base-pairs), arranged in alternating
      arrays, -A-B-A-B-A-. Analysis of a large number of cloned fragments from the RsaI
      ladder of satellite 1 showed that the tandem arrays, -A-B-A-B-A, have a more
      complex arrangement, with apparent amplification of segments containing
      particular sequence variants of the repeat units, A and B. No sequence
      relationship was evident between the repeat elements of satellite 1 and those of
      satellites 2 and 3.

PMID- 3701864
TI  - Characterization of the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana.
AB  - The small crucifer Arabidopsis thaliana has many useful features as an
      experimental organism for the study of plant molecular biology. It has a four
      week life-cycle, only five chromosomes and a genome size less than half that of
      Drosophila. To characterize the DNA sequence organization of this plant, we have
      randomly selected 50 recombinant lambda clones containing inserts with an average
      length of 12,800 base-pairs and analyzed their content of repetitive and unique
      DNA by various genome blot, restriction digestion and RNA blot procedures. The
      following conclusions can be drawn. The DNA represented in this random sample is
      composed predominantly of single-copy sequences. This presumably reflects the
      organization of the Arabidopsis genome as a whole and supports prior conclusions
      reached on the basis of kinetics of DNA reassociation. The DNA that encodes the
      ribosomal RNAs constitutes the only major class of cloned nuclear repetitive DNA.
      It consists of approximately 570 tandem copies of a heterogeneous 9900-base-pair
      repeat unit. There is an average of approximately 660 copies of the chloroplast
      genome per cell. Therefore, the chloroplast genome constitutes the major
      component of the repetitive sequences found in A. thaliana DNA made from whole
      plants. The inner cytosine residue in the sequence C-C-G-G is methylated more
      often than the outer in the tandem ribosomal DNA units, whereas very few
      differences in the methylation state of these two cytosine residues are detected
      in unique sequences.

PMID- 3701865
TI  - Three-dimensional structure of the regular surface layer (HPI layer) of
      Deinococcus radiodurans.
AB  - The low-resolution structure of the regular surface layer of Deinococcus
      radiodurans has been determined from negatively stained specimens by three
      dimensional electron microscopy. The layer has P6 symmetry, a lattice constant of
      18 nm and a thickness of 6.5 nm. Three-dimensional reconstruction was performed
      by a hybrid real space/Fourier space approach that incorporates partial
      compensation of lattice distortions: The model obtained is discussed in the light
      of independent information about the surface structure of this layer, derived
      from metal shadowing and surface relief reconstruction. While agreement is quite
      satisfactory for the apparently more rigid inner surface, the outer surface shows
      severe flattening effects. The structure of the HPI layer is compared with other
      bacterial surface layers using a classification scheme that is outlined in the
      Appendix.

PMID- 3701866
TI  - Principles of organization in S layers.

PMID- 3701867
TI  - Structure determination of Panulirus interruptus haemocyanin at 3.2 A resolution.
      Successful phase extension by sixfold density averaging.
AB  - The three-dimensional structure of Panulirus interruptus haemocyanin has been
      determined at 3.2 A resolution by X-ray diffraction techniques. Starting from a
      double isomorphous replacement map at 4 A resolution, the phases of the 32,709
      reflections were first improved by six cycles of sixfold molecular averaging and
      solvent flattening. This also generated phase for 3078 reflections with no
      isomorphous replacement data. Next, phases for the reflections between 4.0 A and
      3.2 A were obtained by a stepwise expansion procedure. In each expansion step
      2000 to 3000 new reflections were added to the set of already phased reflections,
      followed by a few cycles of density averaging and solvent flattening at constant
      resolution. The eventual map at 3.2 A was calculated with 63,843 reflections with
      an average Sim weight of 0.75 and an overall R-factor of 23.5%. The polypeptide
      chain could be traced without any problems, while the dinuclear copper site,
      disulphide bridges and the first three moieties of the carbohydrate chain were
      clearly visible. Each subunit consists of three distinct domains. The first
      domain is mainly helical, containing one disulphide bridge and the carbohydrate
      chain. The second domain is also predominantly helical and contains the dinuclear
      copper site at its centre. The core of the third domain is an anti-parallel beta
      barrel with the same topology as in the immunoglobulins and Cu,Zn-superoxide
      dismutase. This domain contains two disulphide bridges. Two long loops extend
      from the beta-barrel and have numerous interactions with the other two domains.
      The two copper ions are at approximately 3.7 +/- 0.25 A from each other and co
      ordinated by six histidines, which are strictly conserved in all seven
      arthropodan haemocyanins with known amino acid sequences. No bridging protein
      ligand is present in the electron density distribution. Hydroxyl groups from
      tyrosines, which are invariant among arthropodan haemocyanins, are 17.4 A or more
      removed from the centre of the two copper ions. The closest Panulirus tyrosine
      hydroxyl is 10.6 A from the copper ions. So, it appears unlikely that tyrosine is
      involved in the co-ordination of the coppers either in the deoxy or in the oxy
      form of arthropodan haemocyanins.

PMID- 3701868
TI  - Self-association of haemoglobin Olympia (alpha 2 beta 2 20 (B2) Val----Met). A
      human haemoglobin bearing a substitution at the surface of the molecule.
AB  - Oxygenation measurements at equilibrium were carried out for solutions of pure
      haemoglobin (Hb) Olympia (alpha 2 beta 2 20 (B2) Val----Met) at 200 microM (haem)
      and revealed a high oxygen affinity (P50 = 4.2 torr at pH 7.20, 25 degrees C)
      compared to HbA (P50 = 5.6 torr), with the Hill coefficient (eta H) reduced from
      the normal value of 2.9 to 2.5 for Hb Olympia at neutral pH. 2,3
      Diphosphoglycerate and chloride effects were normal, but measurements of the
      alkaline Bohr effect indicated an excess Bohr effect of about 20% for Hb Olympia.
      Precise determinations of the oxygen binding curves gave the unexpected finding
      of a dependence of co-operativity on pH with eta H rising from 2.4 at pH 6.8 to
      3.0 at pH 8. Moreover, the Hill coefficient was dependent upon the concentration
      at alkaline pH and fell to 1.8 in low concentration solutions (approximately 30
      microM-haem) of the haemoglobin variant; at this concentration the Bohr effect
      was normal. This effect of concentration on co-operativity could be accounted for
      fully by the allosteric model, with introduction of Hb Olympia self-association.
      In this case the allosteric constant L' for the supramolecular species has the
      value of the allosteric constant L for the tetramer species, raised to a power
      equal to the number of molecules in the aggregates and modulated by the ratio of
      the dissociation constants of the aggregates, DNR/DNT. Model curves with N
      tetramers per aggregate (where N approximately 2 at pH 7.5 and N approximately 4
      at pH 8.0) fully represented the concentration dependence for Hb Olympia of the
      eta H values and the detailed shape of the experimental curves for eta H as a
      function of log[y/(1-y)], the first derivative of the Hill plot. These curves are
      much steeper when supramolecular species are present. Direct measurements of the
      protein aggregation by centrifugation confirmed the presence of aggregates in the
      solutions of Hb Olympia. Hb Olympia is therefore one of the few examples of
      mutant human haemoglobins that self-associate with functional consequences in
      terms of oxygen binding properties.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3701869
TI  - Local mobility of nucleic acids as determined from crystallographic data. II. Z
      form DNA.
AB  - Directions and magnitudes of the local mobility of the Z-DNA hexamer duplex
      CpGpCpGpCpG have been determined by crystallographic refinement of anisotropic
      displacement parameters using the observed X-ray diffraction data. The cytidine
      and guanosine residues demonstrate different modes of mobility, implying that a
      dinucleotide is the smallest repeating unit in terms of flexibility as well as
      structure. Directions of librational and translational mobility of the cytidine
      and guanosine residues of Z-DNA are similar to those observed for the same
      nucleotides in B-DNA. This suggests that the local mobility of DNA is primarily
      determined by the individual nucleotide type and by the constraints of Watson
      Crick base-pairing, rather than by helical form. Differences in the magnitudes of
      mobility may be responsible for some of the different physical properties of B
      DNA and Z-DNA. The B to Z transition is discussed in terms of the observed
      flexibilities of these two helical forms.

PMID- 3701870
TI  - Influence of amino acid and peptide counterions on the conformation of DNA.
AB  - We describe fibre diffraction studies on the interaction of DNA with different
      amino acids and peptides. The B form of DNA, with ten base-pairs per turn, is
      always found at high levels of humidity. We suggest that this pitch is observed
      because the DNA molecules are maintained in a straight position. In solution, the
      DNA molecules are bent and may have a larger pitch. The A form of DNA is never
      found upon dehydration. Instead, the B form may be either stabilized by the
      counterions or altered so that the number of base-pairs per helical turn
      decreases upon dehydration. Alteration is favoured either by small counterions
      that have a single charge or by large basic polypeptides and proteins.
      Stabilization is favoured by small counterions that have several charged groups.
      A third type of behaviour is found with some amino acids that contain hydrophobic
      groups, which destabilize the secondary structure of DNA, probably due to a
      modification of its intramolecular interactions. We have not detected any
      specific effect of amino acid side-chains, although the amino acid sequence has a
      clear influence on the interaction. We think that these observations are of
      interest in the pursuit of more detailed crystallographic studies on protein-DNA
      interactions.

PMID- 3701871
TI  - Morphology and function of the tongue and hyoid apparatus in Varanus (Varanidae,
      Lacertilia).
AB  - The morphology and function of the tongue and hyoid apparatus in Varanus were
      examined by anatomical and experimental techniques. Morphological features unique
      to Varanus include a highly protrusible tongue that has lost a roughened dorsal
      surface, an exceptionally strong and mobile hyobranchial apparatus, a well
      defined joint between the ceratohyal and anterior process, and a series of
      distinct muscles inserting at the anterior hyobranchial region. Varanus is also
      unusual among lizards in a number of feeding behaviors; it ingests prey entirely
      by inertial feeding, as the tongue does not participate in food transport.
      Further specializations include an increased reliance on hyobranchial movements
      in drinking and pharyngeal packing and compression. The long, narrow tongue is
      most likely related to the mechanics of tongue protrusion; the increased amount,
      strength, and complexity of hyobranchial movement is related to the fact that the
      hyobranchium in Varanus replaces the tongue in many functions. Previous
      hypotheses for the origin of these adaptations are discussed, and the
      difficulties of attributing these specializations to any specific scenario of
      adaptation or constraint are emphasized.

PMID- 3701872
TI  - Zymogen granule size in pancreas of nursing rats.
AB  - Dramatic depression in granule volume density and size was measured in acinar
      cells of postnatal rat pancreas following the initiation of feeding. Volume
      density decreased about threefold from 45% at birth to 16% 2 days thereafter.
      Mean granule diameter decreased from 1.50 micron to 0.80 micron, an 85% decrease
      in corresponding granule volume. At the same time, numerical density
      approximately doubled. At 2 days after birth, cells with smaller granules had
      lower volume densities, and differences in mean granule volume between cells
      accounted for most of the differences in volume density. Although the
      distribution of granule diameter in newborns was lognormal, the distribution at 2
      days was heavily skewed to larger sizes. This was the result of skewed
      distributions within individual cells and not an artifact of sampling. The
      results corroborate the central role of granule volume in determining changes in
      the volume density of zymogen granules in the pancreas and suggest that zymogen
      granules can act as capacitors that can change size as a function of the enzyme
      contained within.

PMID- 3701873
TI  - An atlas of the brain of the horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus.
AB  - An atlas of the brain of the horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus is developed. All
      of the neuronal groups are identified and named, and regions of neuropil are
      segregated and named where possible. The nomenclature incorporates functionally
      neutral earlier names and assigns geographical names to newly distinguished
      structures. The atlas provides a basis for correlating the results of
      neuroanatomical, neurophysiological, and neurochemical studies, which yield
      information about individual neurons or groups of neurons in this species.

PMID- 3701874
TI  - Use of a monoclonal antibody to classify neurons isolated from the head region of
      Hydra.
AB  - A mouse monoclonal antibody (JD1) to Hydra attenuata using the peroxidase
      antiperoxidase (PAP) method revealed unipolar, bipolar, and multipolar sensory
      and ganglion cells in the head region of H. littoralis. Neurons isolated from
      macerated hypostomes and tentacles were classified according to the number of
      their cytoplasmic processes and the position of the cilium, when present,
      relative to the perikaryon. PAP-stained sensory cells had an apical ciliary cone,
      whereas ganglion cells did not. Neurons with cytoplasmic processes longer than 50
      microns stained faintly, whereas those with processes shorter than 50 microns in
      length stained mainly dense brown. Unipolar neurons had an oval, crescent, round,
      or elliptic perikaryon with a single short axon. The perikaryal shape of bipolar
      neurons varied from round to tall triangular, short triangular, crescent, oval,
      or elliptic with two oppositely directed symmetric or asymmetric processes.
      Asymmetric processes were present in a bipolar sensory cell with a long apical
      cilium typical of gastrodermal sensory cells. One type of bipolar ganglion cell
      had a short perikaryal cilium. Another type had neurites longer than 50 microns.
      We found seven morphological variations of multipolar neurons, including one with
      an apical knob, two with a short perikaryal cilium, two with cytoplasmic loops
      near the perikaryon, one with perpendicular processes projecting from the major
      neurites, and one with a branched process longer than 50 microns opposite a
      tangled mass of neurites.

PMID- 3701875
TI  - Comparison of plasma cholinesterase depression among workers occupationally
      exposed to organophosphorus pesticides as reported by various studies.
AB  - A number of studies have reported on the inhibitory effects of organophosphorus
      pesticides (OPs) on the enzyme cholinesterase (ChE) among agricultural workers.
      With the increasing use of OPs, surveys of blood ChE activity on exposed workers
      may help to identify workers at greatest risk and to provide insight into the use
      history--e.g., mixing, loading, application, and harvesting--that might lead to a
      hazardous situation. Although it does appear that measurements of ChE activity
      are valuable in worker surveillance programs, it is difficult to interpret
      findings from various studies since they are dependent on the method of assay and
      the emphasis is usually placed on statistical tests (i.e., p values) that depend
      on the number of subjects studied. In the present paper a method is presented to
      compare ChE values reported in several studies utilizing various methods and
      units of measurement, and to assess the impact of OP exposure as a percentage of
      subjects with ChE values depressed below normal limits.

PMID- 3701876
TI  - Hypersensitivity to antimuscarinic agents following brief exposure to Soman and
      Sarin.
AB  - Behavioral responses to atropine in rats exposed to the potent anticholinesterase
      agents Soman and Sarin were studied. Atropine itself produced limb-shakes and
      certain stereotyped activities, in a dose-dependent manner. The neurotoxicity
      elicited by Soman and Sarin was antagonized by atropine, while at the same time
      the responses induced by the latter were attenuated. In contrast, where rats were
      challenged with atropine 6-72 h after giving single doses of Soman or Sarin, the
      limb-shake myoclonus was markedly enhanced. The atropine-induced stereotypies
      were not, however, significantly affected, except for an increase seen at 24 h
      after Sarin treatment. Repeated treatment with Soman for 3 wk also led to similar
      supersensitivity of atropine-induced responses. The peripheral muscarinic
      receptor antagonist, methylatropine, produced no such hyperactivity on its own or
      at any time after anticholinesterase exposure. The rapid occurrence of
      hypersensitivity to antimuscarinic compounds following exposure to these
      anticholinesterases, therefore, suggests the need for observation of subjects who
      are poisoned with such agents and treated with antimuscarinics, for adverse
      reactions such as myoclonus during the critically sensitive period, especially if
      repeated antimuscarinic therapy is carried out.

PMID- 3701877
TI  - Effect of ozone and histamine on airway permeability to horseradish peroxidase in
      guinea pigs.
AB  - Airway permeability was studied in groups of male guinea pigs at 2, 8, and 24 h
      after a 1-h exposure to 1 ppm ozone or at 2 h after a 1-h exposure to filtered
      air (control). Intratracheal administration of 2 mg horseradish peroxidase (HRP)
      was followed by blood sampling at 5-min intervals up to 30 min. The rate of
      appearance of HRP in plasma was significantly higher at 2 and 8 h after ozone
      exposure than that found in animals examined 2 h after air exposure or 24 h after
      ozone exposure. A dose of 0.12 mg/kg of subcutaneous histamine given after the 15
      min blood sample significantly increased the already elevated permeability seen
      at 2 h post ozone, but had no effect on animals exposed to filtered air 2 h
      earlier or to ozone 24 h earlier. No difference was seen in the amount of
      subcutaneous radiolabeled histamine in the lungs of animals exposed 2 h earlier
      either to air or to ozone. These data indicate that a short-term exposure to
      ozone produced a reversible increase in respiratory epithelial permeability to
      HRP in guinea pigs. The potentiation of this increased permeability by histamine
      may be another manifestation of ozone-induced hyperreactivity.

PMID- 3701878
TI  - Effects of ozone and sulfuric acid aerosol on gas trapping in the guinea pig
      lung.
AB  - Four groups of 20 guinea pigs were sequentially exposed by inhalation to either
      air followed by sulfuric acid aerosol, ozone followed by sulfuric acid aerosol,
      ozone followed by air, or air followed by air to determine whether ozone
      preexposure sensitizes guinea pigs to the airway constrictive effects of sulfuric
      acid aerosol. All first exposures to ozone or air were 2 h in duration; all
      second exposures to sulfuric acid or air were for 1 h. All ozone and sulfuric
      acid exposures were 0.8 ppm and 12 mg/m3, respectively. Animals were observed for
      respiratory distress during exposure, and excised lungs were quantitated for
      trapped gas and wet/dry ratios. None of the guinea pigs developed dyspnea, and
      wet/dry ratios were not altered. Ozone significantly (p less than 0.05) increased
      trapped gas volumes, which were 44% (ozone-acid) to 68% (ozone-air) greater than
      in the air-air group. Trapped gas volume was 23% greater in the ozone-acid group
      than in the air-acid group, but the difference was not statistically significant
      (p less than 0.20). Thus, ozone increased gas trapping but did not significantly
      sensitize guinea pigs to the bronchoconstrictive action of sulfuric acid.

PMID- 3701879
TI  - Cytotoxic effects of four types of welding fumes on macrophages in vitro: a
      comparative study.
AB  - The effects of fume particles given off by the manual metal arc (MMA) and metal
      inert gas (MIG) welding of stainless steel (SS) and mild steel (MS) were studied
      on rat alveolar macrophage cultures in vitro. The fumes were generated by
      welding, and particulate material obtained was collected on membrane filters. The
      macrophage cultures were exposed to the total dust and to its water-insoluble
      fractions. Cell variability and the release of both lactate dehydrogenase and one
      lysosomal enzyme from the cells to the medium were measured after an exposure
      period of 24 h. The cytotoxic control dust was DQ 12 quartz, and the inert
      control dust was pure titanium dioxide. According to the parameters studied,
      SS/MMA and MS/MMA welding fumes were cytotoxic to rat alveolar macrophages. The
      cytotoxic effect of SS/MMA welding fumes decreased after the samples had been
      washed with phosphate-buffered salt solution. The MIG welding fumes of SS and MS
      had markedly smaller effects on the cells. Diluted solutions of potassium
      chromate were also tested in order to investigate its role in the cytotoxicity of
      SS/MMA welding fumes. The results suggest that hexavalent chromium may be
      responsible for the cytotoxicity of SS/MMA.

PMID- 3701881
TI  - Sex and age differences in mercury distribution and excretion in methylmercury
      administered mice.
AB  - Sex differences in mercury distribution and excretion after single administration
      of methylmercury chloride (MMC, 5 mg/kg) were studied in mice. A sex difference
      in urinary mercury excretion was found in sexually mature mice (age of 7 wk) of
      C57BL/6N and BALB/cA strains. Males showed higher mercury levels in urine than
      females, though no significant difference was found in fecal mercury levels 24 h
      post exposure to MMC. The higher urinary excretion rates in males accounted for
      significant lowering of mercury levels in the brain, liver, and blood, but not in
      the kidney, which showed higher values. At 5 min, however, these sex difference
      was found only in the kidney, showing higher levels in males. Changes in mercury
      distribution with time were studied in C57BL/6N mice. The brain mercury increased
      in both sexes up to 3 d, and decreased only in males on d 5. Liver and blood
      mercury decreased with time in both sexes, and these were constantly higher in
      females than in males. Renal mercury in males decreased to similar levels to
      females on d 3. The sex differences at various ages were studied with C57BL/6N
      mice 24 h after dosing. Two-week-old mice, the youngest in this study, did not
      show significant sex difference in the mercury distribution and excretion, and
      their urinary mercury levels were much lower as compared to the older mice. Then,
      urinary mercury excretion in both sexes increased at 4 wk of age and then
      decreased at 45 wk of age. At 4, 7, 10, and 45 wk of age, males showed higher
      urinary mercury levels than females. These studies demonstrated sex and age
      differences in the mercury distribution and urinary excretion after methylmercury
      administration in mice. From these findings, it has been suggested that urinary
      mercury excretion may be related to sex hormones, especially androgens.

PMID- 3701880
TI  - Immune function of young adult mice following in utero exposure to
      cyclophosphamide.
AB  - Long-lasting organic damage has been reported following in utero exposure to
      certain environmental or therapeutic agents. The sensitivity of the developing
      immune system to chemical insult during organogenesis or histogenesis was
      evaluated in mice employing the known immunosuppressive agent cyclophosphamide
      (CY). Experiments were conducted employing one of the following treatment
      regimens: (1) 1 microgram/g X d intravenously on d 9-12 or 14-17 of gestation;
      (2) 5 micrograms/g intravenously on 12 of gestation; (3) 1, 2.5, or 5
      micrograms/g X d intraperitoneally on d 12 of gestation; or (4) 5, 10, or 20
      micrograms/g intraperitoneally on d 17 of gestation. There were no surviving pups
      born to mothers administered CY by schedule 2; otherwise, numbers of surviving
      offspring were not affected by drug treatment, and no gross terata were observed.
      Employing this variety of exposure protocols, consistent enhancement or
      suppression of cell-mediated or humoral immune function was not observed in
      offspring of treated dams. Reduced body weight in 5- and 8-wk-old progeny was
      noted after exposure to 20 micrograms/g on gestational d 17. Increased in vitro B
      lymphocyte blastogenic response to lipopolysaccharide occurred in 5-wk-old
      animals, and production of antibody to sheep erythrocytes was increased in 8-wk
      old offspring exposed to CY at 20 micrograms/g on d 17 of gestation. The T
      lymphocyte parameters were relatively unaffected by in utero exposure to CY,
      suggesting either that cell-mediated immune function was not affected by
      treatment or that homeostasis was restored prior to immunologic evaluation of
      offspring.

PMID- 3701882
TI  - Resistance of the rat to development of lead-induced renal functional deficits.
AB  - Lead nephropathy, characterized functionally by depression of effective renal
      plasma flow (ERPF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and maximum glucose
      reabsorption rate, is associated with prolonged occupational exposure to lead.
      Production of comparable lead-related renal functional deficits in rats has been
      difficult to achieve. We have examined in rats some of the factors that might be
      expected to influence the development of lead-induced renal functional damage,
      using GFR (as inulin clearance), ERPF (as para-aminohippurate clearance), and
      maximum glucose reabsorption rate as indices of renal functional competence.
      Although lead produces a significant weight loss, this can be accounted for by
      reduced food intake and is not associated with reduction in renal function. Even
      exposure to large amounts of lead in conjunction with other factors, such as
      controlled diet (NIH-07 and AIN-76) and early age of initial exposure, that might
      have been expected to increase the rats' susceptibility has not resulted in the
      development of renal functional deficits. It is unlikely that the rat can be
      successfully exploited as an animal model of human lead nephropathy with
      accompanying functional deficits.

PMID- 3701883
TI  - Subchronic feeding study of decarboxyfenvalerate in rats.
AB  - Groups of 30 male and 30 female Fischer-344 rats were fed dietary concentrations
      of 0, 30, 100, 300, 3000, or 10,000 ppm decarboxyfenvalerate (DC-FEN) for up to
      13 wk. An interim kill of 10 rats/sex X group was performed at 7 wk. Following 7
      or 13 wk of dietary treatment, groups of rats were necropsied, which included
      evaluation of hemocellular, hemochemical, and uretic parameters, selected
      absolute and relative organ weights, and macroscopic and microscopic
      observations. DC-FEN did not affect mortality. Body weight was decreased in male
      rats fed 10,000 ppm DC-FEN. Statistically and toxicologically significant
      differences in clinicopathologic parameters were observed at either the highest
      or two highest exposure levels. Some statistically significant differences were
      noted in some hemocellular and/or hemochemical parameters at either 100 or 300
      ppm. These subtle changes were either not dose-related, inconsistent, or not of
      sufficient difference to be determined to have biological significance. Absolute
      and relative liver weights of male and female rats fed greater than or equal to
      300 ppm DC-FEN were all higher than control values except for absolute weights in
      female rats (300 ppm) at the interim kill. Consistent significant increases in
      absolute or relative kidney weights were observed in male and female rats fed
      3000 or 10,000 ppm DC-FEN. Other statistically significant differences in
      absolute and/or relative organ weights were seen primarily where the higher doses
      had caused decreased carcass weight. Macroscopic treatment-related liver
      enlargement (hepatomegaly) was observed in male and female rats fed 3000 or
      10,000 ppm DC-FEN. Only one female rat fed 300 ppm DC-FEN had hepatomegaly at the
      terminal kill. Significant treatment-related microscopic effects were limited to
      glomerulonephrosis in male and female rats fed 10,000 ppm and hepatocellular
      hypertrophy and other associated liver changes in male and female rats fed 3000
      or 10,000 ppm DC-FEN. Liver effects at doses less than 3000 ppm were indicative
      of a physiologic adaptive response and were not toxicologically significant.
      Therefore, the biologically significant no-effect level was 300 ppm.

PMID- 3701885
TI  - Neurite-promoting activity from fetal skeletal muscle: partial purification of a
      high-molecular-weight form.
AB  - Neurite extension from sensory neuroblasts dissociated from chick embryo dorsal
      root ganglia can be stimulated by precoating the polylysine culture surface with
      extracts of skeletal muscle from bovine fetuses. The active factor(s) may be
      partially purified from cytosolic extracts of muscle by chromatography on
      Sepharose 6B and affinity chromatography on wheat germ agglutinin or Helix
      pomatia agglutinin columns. Extract concentrations of 10-50 micrograms protein
      per 1 ml were active in promoting neurite extension when the neurons were
      cultured without serum or nerve growth factor (beta NGF). However, levels of 1-10
      micrograms/ml produced dramatic neurite extension when 10% (v/v) fetal or newborn
      calf serum or 0.5 ng/ml beta NGF was added to the medium. The biological activity
      was not blocked by antiserum that was raised against purified mouse laminin and
      that abolished the neurite-promoting activity of mouse laminin. The activity of
      the muscle extract was destroyed by trypsin or heparitinase, in contrast to the
      biological activity of purified mouse laminin, which was not abolished by
      heparitinase treatment. The activity could be resolved into two broad peaks on a
      Sepharose 2B column (apparent Mr between 2 X 10(6) and in 10 X 10(6) in native
      form). Treatment with dithiothreitol was necessary to dissociate the factor for
      electrophoresis in 4.25% polyacrylamide-SDS gels, revealing three major
      polypeptide bands at Mr = 160,000, 195,000 and 200,000. This preliminary
      characterization indicates that the neurite-promoting activity from bovine
      skeletal muscle tissue consists of a high-molecular-weight complex, one essential
      component of which is a heparan sulfate.

PMID- 3701884
TI  - Neuroimmunology of gangliosides in human neurons and glial cells in culture.
AB  - Gangliosides (sialic-acid-bearing glycolipids) have received attention in recent
      years because of their role in cell recognition phenomena, synaptic transmission,
      memory generation, and nerve regeneration in the fields of neurosciences. It is
      suggested that each brain region or each neural cell type may contain a specific
      and characteristic set of gangliosides. We have investigated the
      immunocytochemical localization of several classes of gangliosides that include
      GM1, GM4, GD3, and GQ gangliosides on the cell surface of various cell types
      found in human neural cell cultures with antibodies specific for these
      gangliosides. Cell cultures were obtained from adult human brains and fetal human
      dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord and cultured in vitro for the period up to 6
      months and utilized for the ganglioside immunocytochemistry. It was demonstrated
      that GM1 ganglioside was present in all galactocerebroside-positive
      oligodendrocytes and most of glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP)-positive
      astrocytes (80%), most of neurofilament-positive neurons (80%), 50-70% of Schwann
      cells, and 5-10% of fibronectin-positive fibroblasts; GM4 ganglioside could be
      detected in all oligodendrocytes, 80% of astrocytes, and 50% of Schwann cells,
      while no staining was found in neurons or fibroblasts; GD3 ganglioside was
      present in all oligodendrocytes and 5-10% of astrocytes but not in neurons,
      Schwann cells, or fibroblasts; and all of fetal CNS neurons and approximately 80
      90% of fetal dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons and a small percentage of
      astrocytes (10-20% in fetal and less than 1% in adult astrocytes) was labeled by
      A2B5 antibody which is specific for GQ ganglioside, while this antibody did not
      stain cell surface of oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells, or fibroblasts. Three
      classes of gangliosides, GM1, GM4, and GD3 were found to be definite components
      of fetal and adult human oligodendroglial plasma membrane, while GM1 and GM4
      gangliosides were detected on the surface of most astrocytes. Only a minor
      population of astrocytes from both fetal and adult human CNS contained GD3 and GQ
      gangliosides. Two classes of gangliosides, GM1 and GQ, were detected on the
      surface of fetal human neurons. More than half of fetal Schwann cells reacted to
      GM1 and GM4 antibodies but did not to GD3 or GQ antibodies. We recognized the
      presence of a specific and characteristic set of gangliosides on the cell surface
      of different human neural cell types and these findings should facilitate further
      investigation of the precise biological activity of these gangliosides.

PMID- 3701886
TI  - Tissue culture analysis of neurite outgrowth in the presence and absence of
      serum: possible relevance for central nervous system regeneration.
AB  - A tissue culture model has been developed to examine the hypothesis that axons
      can only regenerate when their growing tips are surrounded by extracellular fluid
      containing proteins derived from the blood. Fetal rat cerebral explants were
      cultured in serum medium for 10 days, followed by serum-free (SF) medium (from
      which serum had been removed) until 18 days in vitro (DIV). All explants cultured
      in serum medium for 0-10 DIV exhibited greater than 77% neurite viability
      (neurite viability ratio, NVR, 3.10). This degree of neurite viability was
      maintained for those explants exposed to serum until 18 DIV (NVR 2.82 at 18 DIV).
      By contrast, explants maintained in SF medium from 10-18 DIV had a much lower
      NVR, which, by 18 DIV, had declined to 0.30 (7.5% viability). Transmission
      electron microscopic analysis of explants fixed at 18 DIV confirmed these phase
      contrast results and also showed a predominance of axonal profiles within the
      neurite population. In the center of explants, tissue viability was in excess of
      75% in both the serum and SF media, suggesting that serum is of primary
      importance for axonal extension rather than neuronal survival. These data
      strengthen the hypothesis that blood-derived proteins may be needed for prolonged
      regeneration.

PMID- 3701887
TI  - Cellular effects of a brain extract factor or factors inhibiting neuroblastoma
      cell growth in vitro.
AB  - The mechanism of inhibition of neuroblastoma cell proliferation in vitro by
      extract prepared from the brains of newborn mice was partially elucidated. Flow
      cytometric analysis of propidium iodide-stained cells showed that a significant
      increase occurred in the pre-G0/G1 cell population after exposure to the extract
      for 24 hr. Fluorescence microscopy indicated that the pre-G0/G1 cells had small
      "micronuclei" in association with their nucleus, whereas post-G2/M cells had
      enlarged propidium iodide-staining nuclei. 3H-thymidine incorporation was
      unchanged from that of control cells, in cells exposed to the extract for either
      6 or 24 hr. No effect was seen on choline acetyl transferase activity or on
      morphology. These results suggest that the inhibitor blocks neuroblastoma cell
      proliferation either by inducing an uneven distribution of DNA at the time of
      cell division or by altering its packaging within the nucleus.

PMID- 3701888
TI  - Rates of amino acid incorporation into particulate proteins in vivo and in slices
      of young and adult brain.
AB  - Incorporation of a flooding dose of valine into brain proteins was measured in
      vivo and in brain slices, according to subcellular fraction and to solubility. In
      particulate fractions in vivo in the immature brain, soluble cytosol proteins had
      the highest synthesis rates (2.0% per hr), followed by microsomes (1.7%),
      mitochondria, nuclei (1.4%), and synaptosomes (0.85%). In adult, the rates were
      about half of those of immature animals except for microsomes, which were the
      same. In young, rates of incorporation into particles in brain slices were about
      80% of in vivo rates, and adult rates were 10-20% of the in vivo rates. When
      brain proteins were fractionated into four groups--isotonic soluble, hypotonic
      soluble, Triton X-100 soluble, and the remainder solubilized in 0.2% SDS--in both
      young and adult brain in vivo, the isotonic fraction had the highest rate of
      protein synthesis, followed by the Triton-soluble fraction, the SDS-soluble
      fraction, and the hypotonic fraction. Also, with this method of separation in
      vitro rates for immature brain were 10-20% lower than in vivo rates, while in
      vitro adult rates were 80-90% lower. The results indicate that the most proteins
      are synthesized at a higher rate in the immature brain, and that the difference
      between in vivo and brain slice protein synthesis is not as great in the immature
      as in the mature brain in all the fractions examined.

PMID- 3701889
TI  - Ultrastructural evaluation of the damage of postsynaptic elements after kainic
      acid injection into the rat neostriatum.
AB  - Injury to the nervous tissue was studied in the electron microscope after
      unilateral stereotaxic injection of kainic acid into the rat striatum.
      Progressive degeneration of neurons and selective injury of dendritic processes
      was noted. On the third day of the experiment three types of degeneration of the
      postsynaptic elements could be distinguished: shrinkage of the dendritic spines
      and swelling or increase of electron density of the postsynaptic dendrites. Most
      axonal boutons did not show morphological changes.

PMID- 3701890
TI  - Increased lung capillary permeability after trauma: a prospective clinical study.
AB  - Pulmonary dysfunction and permeability were prospectively studied in a group of
      severely traumatized patients. Ventilatory parameters (i.e., PaO2/FiO2, dynamic
      compliance, per cent shunt, and A-a DO2) and extravascular lung water (EVLW)
      measurements were compared with scintigraphic determinations of pulmonary albumin
      extravasation. Albumin extravasation data demonstrated a pulmonary capillary
      permeability increase occurring shortly following trauma. The median albumin
      extravasation value in the patients within 24 hours of trauma was 3.6 X 10(
      5)/sec, compared to a control value of -0.1 +/- 0.7 X 10(-5)/sec. Intermediate
      levels of albumin extravasation were found in patients studied within 48 hours of
      total hip replacement (1.6 +/- 0.9 X 10(-5)/sec). Eighty per cent of patients
      studied within the first 48 hours of their trauma had albumin extravasation
      values exceeding the upper limit of normal as determined by the control value + 2
      S.D. In contrast to albumin extravasation values, the PaO2/FiO2, dynamic
      compliance, per cent shunt, A-a DO2, and EVLW did not begin to deteriorate
      significantly until at least 48 hours after trauma. We conclude that severe
      multiple trauma induces an early increase in pulmonary capillary permeability as
      measured by albumin extravasation scintigraphy. This change is not detectable
      with other commonly used measures.

PMID- 3701891
TI  - A biochemical basis for depressed ketogenesis in sepsis.
AB  - Several investigators have demonstrated a diminished rate of ketogenesis during
      inflammatory or infectious states despite the availability of free fatty acids
      supplied to the liver. The biochemical mechanism for this effect is unknown.
      Malonyl-CoA has been proposed to be a regulator of ketogenesis. Malonyl-CoA
      levels are low in states of rapid ketogenesis such as starvation or diabetes and
      high in states of reduced ketogenesis such as carbohydrate feeding. In the
      present study, the effect of an intra-abdominal abscess on the level of hepatic
      malonyl-CoA was investigated in four groups of animals (fed control, sterile
      inflammation, small chronic septic abscess, large chronic septic abscess). Liver
      samples were frozen in situ 5 days following the intraperitoneal introduction of
      a rat-fecal agar pellet inoculated with a known bacterial flora which generated
      an abscess [sterile inflammatory; B. fragilis 10(8)/ml + E. coli 10(2)/ml (small,
      0.8 ml or large, 1.5 ml) abscess pellet]. The level of malonyl-CoA in normal fed
      rats was 5.0 +/- 0.6 nmol/gm wet wt (n = 9). The malonyl-CoA level was not
      altered in animals with a sterile inflammation. However, hepatic malonyl-CoA
      levels were significantly increased in small (10 +/- 1 nmole/gm wet wt) (p less
      than 0.05; n = 9) or large (12 +/- 1 nmol/gm wet wt) (p less than 0.01; n = 14)
      septic abscess rats compared to control fed and sterile inflammatory rats.
      Hepatic ketone bodies (beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate) did not increase in
      sepsis over control or sterile inflammation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3701892
TI  - Acute rupture of the diaphragm in blunt trauma: analysis of 60 patients.
AB  - During a 9-year period, 60 patients with acutely ruptured diaphragms following
      blunt trauma were treated in our institution. Diaphragmatic injury was detected
      within 24 hours of hospital admission in all but two patients. The diagnosis was
      suggested by upright chest X-ray in 40% of the patients. Diaphragmatic tears were
      discovered at laparotomy for hemoperitoneum in the remaining patients. At initial
      evaluation hypotension was present in 67% of the patients, and respiratory
      distress was evident in 52%. In contrast to traditional teaching, there was a 30%
      incidence of right hemidiaphragmatic disruption. One patient experienced
      bilateral diaphragmatic rupture, and two had isolated tears of the pericardial
      diaphragm. Intra-abdominal organs were herniated through the diaphragmatic defect
      in only 32% of the patients. There was a 90% incidence of associated intra
      abdominal injuries. The diaphragmatic tear was repaired via the abdomen in 53
      patients, through a thoracoabdominal incision in five patients, and through the
      chest in only two cases. All defects were closed primarily. Twelve patients also
      required thoracotomy for resuscitation and/or correction of intrathoracic injury.
      Atelectasis was the most frequent postoperative complication, occurring in 65% of
      the patients. The mortality was 26.7% and was related to associated injuries in
      all cases.

PMID- 3701893
TI  - Acute subdural hematoma: direct admission to a trauma center yields improved
      results.
AB  - We studied 128 patients admitted over a 12 1/2-year period to the Cook County
      Hospital Trauma Unit with acute subdural hematoma (ASDH): 82 were admitted
      directly and 46 were admitted after transfer from another hospital; 59% of the
      entire group died and only 27% obtained a functional recovery. As a group, the
      transferred patients, who suffered delays of several hours before receiving
      definitive surgical care, fared significantly worse than the patients with
      equivalent trauma who were admitted directly. The mortality of the transferred
      patients was 76%, compared to 50% of the direct admit patients. The outcome was
      also worse for transfer patients who experienced a 'lucid interval' or with
      alcohol intoxication. We conclude that the delays associated with failure to
      admit patients with ASDH directly to a head trauma center cause an excessive
      mortality and morbidity which could potentially be avoided by proper triage.

PMID- 3701894
TI  - Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): the prophylactic effect of
      neurodepressant agents.
AB  - It has been suggested that acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is induced
      by a cybernetic imbalance of the central nervous system secondary to alarm
      reaction-provoked intravascular coagulation into cerebral microvessels. The brain
      metabolic and electrical resting state through the use of neurodepressant drugs
      might theoretically reduce the intensity and duration of the alarm reaction, thus
      diminishing the possibility of self-induced secondary brain lesions. In this
      work, Wistar rats were submitted to central (anterior hypothalamic electrolytic
      lesion) and peripheral (scald burn) trauma as effective models of reproducing an
      ARDS-like syndrome. Pretreatment of these animals with the following
      neurodepressant drugs: morphine, pentobarbital sodium, haloperidol, diazepam,
      chlorpromazine, and urethane, resulted in significant attenuation of the
      evolution of the ARDS-like syndrome, reinforcing the suggestion of a centrally
      based origin of such pathologic manifestations.

PMID- 3701895
TI  - Distribution and severity of injuries associated with hip dislocations secondary
      to motor vehicle accidents.
AB  - The injuries associated with traumatic hip dislocations and their quantitated
      morbidities were evaluated in this retrospective study of 38 patients. Ninety
      five per cent of the patients had associated injuries severe enough for
      hospitalization on their own merit. Head, chest, and abdominal injuries were seen
      most frequently. Central dislocations were associated with the most morbidity,
      but were not different in distribution of injuries. Using eight different
      measurements of morbidity, including the Injury Severity Score, hip dislocations,
      in general, had more morbidity than the national injury rates.

PMID- 3701896
TI  - Intestinal perforation due to blunt trauma in children in an era of increased
      nonoperative treatment.
AB  - Over the past decade, nonoperative management of most pediatric blunt abdominal
      trauma has emerged as accepted practice. It is possible that treatment of
      associated hollow visceral disruption might be missed or delayed because of this
      nonoperative approach. In a review of all cases of intestinal perforation from
      blunt trauma seen over the past 6 years, we found 12 cases of intestinal
      disruption in more than 600 cases of significant blunt trauma. Child abuse caused
      eight cases and four were motor vehicle related (MVR). Seven of eight battered
      children had a delay of more than 48 hours from injury to hospital presentation.
      Three of four MVR patients had an 18-hour delay from injury to operation. Ten of
      12 patients survived. The two children who succumbed were both battered and were
      moribund and unstable when first seen and failed to respond to aggressive
      stabilization and surgery. Serial physical examinations, contrast radiographic
      studies, and peritoneal lavage were the most helpful diagnostic modalities. There
      were no significant complications and no patient required more than one operation
      (except for ostomy closure). All surviving patients are well at followup and
      seven of ten have been followed for more than 3 years; two are not yet 1 year
      from surgery and one is lost to followup. Several principles have emerged from
      this review: 1) motor vehicle trauma and child abuse are the major etiologic
      factors in childhood blunt trauma; 2) accurate and rapid diagnosis of intestinal
      perforation in children is difficult; 3) recovery in the presence of stable vital
      signs can be expected, even with the long delays; and 4) abused children must be
      carefully evaluated for abdominal trauma.

PMID- 3701897
TI  - The effect of trauma on serum C3 activation and its correlation with injury
      severity score in man.
AB  - The sera of 12 patients with mechanical trauma were studied to determine C3
      levels and activation. The injury severity score (ISS) was then related to serum
      C3 levels and activation. It was found that in the immediate postinjury period,
      serum C3 activation occurred in cases where ISS was greater than or equal to 12.
      The mean ISS of patients with complement activation was 25.2. In comparison, in
      patients with nonactivation of complement, the mean ISS was 9.5 (p less than
      0.05). Serum C3 levels were inversely related to ISS. The mean serum C3 level of
      patients with ISS greater than or equal to 12 was 73.3 mg% and mean serum C3
      level with ISS less than 12 was 109.4 mg%. This difference was again
      statistically significant (p less than 0.05). There is indication that complement
      depletion occurs in the immediate postinjury period in moderate to severe injury
      (ISS greater than or equal to 12). This finding could explain, in part, the
      immunosuppressive effect of trauma and can be used as a marker to predict
      possible septic complications.

PMID- 3701898
TI  - The potentiation of the response to blunt cardiac trauma by ethanol in dogs.
AB  - Acute changes in mechanical performance and electrical activity were followed
      after blunt cardiac trauma, ethanol infusion, and ethanol infusion and blunt
      cardiac trauma in 21 anesthetized dogs. Impact was delivered to most of the
      pericardium with an impact velocity of 10 m/sec and a contact compression of 5
      cm. Impact alone caused transient arrhythmias and significant reductions in all
      hemodynamic parameters with ultimate recovery of rhythm and cardiac performance
      within 60 minutes after impact. Intravenous infusion of ethanol (average blood
      alcohol concentration, 65 +/- 1 mg %), resulted in no significant alterations in
      either mechanical performance or electrical activity but, when combined with
      trauma, caused a mortality rate of 67%. All animals died from excitation
      contraction decoupling; a dissociation of electrical from mechanical activity
      such that an electrical event does not elicit a mechanical event strong enough to
      sustain life. It is concluded that even low blood alcohol concentrations can
      significantly reduce cardiac performance in the presence of otherwise nonfatal
      cardiac injury.

PMID- 3701899
TI  - An unusual rotational fracture-dislocation of the thoracic spine without
      neurologic sequelae internally fixed with a combined anterior and posterior
      approach.
AB  - A rare complete lateral dislocation of the thoracic spine with preservation of
      neurologic function is reported. Anatomic reduction was obtained using an
      anterior approach and Harrington distraction rods for reduction followed by a
      broad plate and subsequent posterior segmental fixation and fusion. Long-term
      followup showed an excellent result.

PMID- 3701900
TI  - Traumatic pseudoaneurysm following blunt trauma.
AB  - Traumatic aneurysms of the superficial femoral (SFA) and superior medial
      geniculate artery (SMGA) demonstrated late expansion of previously well contained
      hematomas which were pulsatile and remarkable for the presence of bruits. Injury
      to the SFA resulted in a cool, pulseless distal extremity. Direct exploration of
      the pseudoaneurysm cavity following proximal and distal control of the main
      arterial segment resulted in optimal exposure and successful repair of the
      arterial defect. Blunt trauma may result in pseudoaneurysm formation. Persistent
      swelling at a focus of injury despite normal distal pulsation is an early
      indicator of major vascular injury.

PMID- 3701901
TI  - A unique case of high-pressure injection injury of the hand.
AB  - A unique case of high-pressure injury to the hand is described with extension of
      the injectate to the elbow. Diagnosis includes the need for high levels of
      suspicion and evaluation by radiography. Meticulous debridement and copious
      saline lavage, and decompression of the carpal tunnel space, followed by split
      thickness grafting, were successful in this case.

PMID- 3701902
TI  - Pneumoperitoneum resulting from tracheal rupture following blunt chest trauma.
AB  - Pneumoperitoneum usually implies perforation of the gastrointestinal tract,
      although the tracheobronchial tree has been recognized as a source for free
      intraperitoneal air. We report a case of pneumoperitoneum resulting from
      tracheobronchial rupture following blunt chest trauma, which was successfully
      treated by surgical repair.

PMID- 3701903
TI  - The use of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) in the management of carbon monoxide (CO)
      poisoning.

PMID- 3701904
TI  - Fatal rattlesnake envenomation in Arizona: 1969-1984.
AB  - Case histories of the last nine fatalities (1969-1984), in which the cause of
      death on the State of Arizona Certificate of Death was snakebite, were reviewed.
      Six males and three females ranged in age from 2 to 77 years, and were bitten
      between 0800-2100 hours from April to September. Bites in three adult males were
      "illegitimate" and of these, two were by captive Mojave rattlesnakes, Crotalus s.
      scutulatus. The latter two victims had been bitten previously and remained at
      home, refusing treatment. In the other seven victims, the snakes involved were
      not identified. However, all localities where bites occurred were within the
      geographical and altitudinal range for Crotalus atrox and C. s. scutulatus. The
      apparent cause of death was prolonged hypotension with major organ system failure
      in five, intestinal hemorrhage in one, and was unknown in three. Major organs
      were involved as follows: cardiac failure (two); noncardiac pulmonary edema
      (two); renal failure (two); unconsciousness with airway obstruction and brain
      damage (two); and coagulopathy with multiple hemorrhage sites (one). Seven of the
      nine deaths appeared to be preventable. Four delayed going to a medical facility
      and six did not have hypotension corrected. Antivenin was not administered early
      (first four hours) or in adequate amounts (10 vials or more) because of delayed
      arrival in five or physician's decision in four. Pre-existing cardiac disease
      contributed to death of two victims. Rattlesnake bite victims should not delay
      travel to a medical facility and hypotension must be treated aggressively and
      appropriately.

PMID- 3701905
TI  - Diquat intoxication: treatment by charcoal haemoperfusion and description of a
      new method of diquat measurement in plasma.
AB  - A 24-year old man was exposed to a diquat aerosol and developed systemic symptoms
      and mild non-oliguric renal failure. A method of measurement of diquat was later
      developed and serial diquat levels during and after haemoperfusion showed that
      the technique was relatively ineffective in removing diquat.

PMID- 3701906
TI  - Fatal poisoning with selenium dioxide.
AB  - Two hours after suicidal ingestion of an unknown amount of selenium dioxide, a 17
      year-old male was admitted to hospital with asystolia and apnea. Attempts at
      resuscitation failed and the patient was pronounced dead. Findings at autopsy
      included congestion of lungs and kidneys, diffuse swelling of the heart, and
      brain edema. The most impressive finding was an orange-brown discoloration of the
      skin and all viscera, probably due to hemolysis and/or pigmentation related to
      ingestion of selenium dioxide. Selenium blood and tissue levels were increased by
      a factor of 100-1000 as compared to normal. The highest concentrations were found
      in pancreas, spleen, liver, and adipose tissue. For elucidation of the chemical
      nature of selenium in tissues, a new analytical method which was based on carbon
      disulfide extraction was developed. Carbon disulfide is a good solvent for non
      polar selenium compounds like elemental selenium and selenium disulfide, but not
      for polar compounds like selenite and selenoproteins. A major fraction of
      selenium in tissues was extractable by carbon disulfide, which seems to indicate
      the presence of elemental selenium and/or selenium disulfide. The color of these
      substances is red and orange, respectively. This might explain at least part of
      the discoloration of skin and tissues. In vitro experiments suggested that trace
      amounts of hydrogen selenide, which is an intermediate of selenite metabolism,
      probably induced hemolysis. For evaluation of the therapeutic value of
      hemoperfusion in selenium poisoning in vitro hemoperfusion experiments were
      performed, which revealed only a moderate effect on selenium blood levels.

PMID- 3701907
TI  - Adjunctive therapy of phenytoin overdose--a case report using plasmaphoresis.
AB  - Phenytoin is widely used as an anticonvulsant. In overdose situations phenytoin
      demonstrates saturable metabolic kinetics making treatment difficult. Phenytoin's
      high protein binding makes it a poor candidate for hemodialysis or hemoperfusion.
      We report a case of an attempted suicide in which plasmaphoresis was used in an
      attempt to lower plasma levels and reduce toxicity. A review of the use of
      plasmaphoresis in acute intoxications is included.

PMID- 3701908
TI  - Intravenous lidocaine overdosage in a child.
AB  - A six-year-old child inadvertently received an IV solution containing lidocaine
      HCl. An estimated total dose of 1.2 gm. was administered over approximately an
      hour. The child had asystole and grand mal seizures associated with lidocaine
      serum concentration of 19.2 mcg/ml. The pharmacokinetics of lidocaine overdose
      and treatment are discussed.

PMID- 3701909
TI  - Serum osmolal gap and ethanol concentration: a simple and accurate formula.
AB  - The estimation of serum ethanol concentration by measurement of serum osmolality
      has been re-evaluated. A formula for calculation of serum osmolality was first
      validated in 193 patients who had not ingested ethanol. The mean difference
      between measured and calculated osmolality ("osmolal gap") was 1.5 mOsm/Kg +/-
      5.3 mOsm/Kg (1 S.D.). In 37 sera from 35 patients who had ingested ethanol, the
      osmolal gap was highly correlated with measured serum ethanol (r = 0.994). The
      serum ethanol (mmol/L) was related to osmolal gap (mOsm/Kg) by the formula:
      Ethanol = 0.83 X osmolal gap. The factor 0.83 indicated that the behavior of
      ethanol in serum did not conform to that expected from ideal solutions. This
      equation accurately predicted serum ethanol in 32 additional samples (r = 0.988).
      We propose that the formula above be used in place of those that have been
      previously proposed. The previous formulas involved unwarranted assumptions of
      ideality and had not been experimentally derived from studies of ethanol in
      serum.

PMID- 3701911
TI  - A preliminary study of the effects of metoclopramide on equine gut activity.

PMID- 3701910
TI  - Management of acute PCP intoxication with verapamil.

PMID- 3701912
TI  - Combined intramuscular oxytetracycline and oral tiamulin treatment of sheep in
      the elimination of urogenital ureaplasmas.

PMID- 3701913
TI  - Absorption and pharmacokinetics of phenylbutazone in Welsh Mountain ponies.
AB  - The disposition of phenylbutazone (4.4 mg/kg), administered intravenously to six
      Welsh Mountain ponies, was described by a two-compartment open model.
      Pharmacokinetic parameters were not significantly different after morning dosing
      in comparison with afternoon dosing. When phenylbutazone (4.4 mg/kg) was
      administered orally to the same ponies, marked variations in time to peak
      concentrations were produced with different feeding schedules. When access to hay
      was permitted before and after dosing, the mean time to peak concentration was
      13.2 +/- 1.2 h and double peaks in the plasma concentration-time curve were
      common. Double peaks were also encountered when phenylbutazone was given to
      ponies deprived of food prior to, and allowed access to hay after, dosing. In
      this circumstance, mean times to peak concentration were much shorter (3.8 +/-
      1.3 h after morning dosing and 5.3 +/- 1.5 h followed afternoon dosing).
      Absorption was more regular and double peaks were less apparent when food was
      withheld both before and after dosing. In order to explain these findings, it is
      tentatively postulated that, whereas some of the administered dose of
      phenylbutazone may be absorbed quickly, some may become adsorbed on to the feed
      and subsequently released by fermentative digestion in the large intestine and/or
      caecum. The consequences of delayed absorption in fed animals for toxicity and
      clinical efficacy, and for the use of phenylbutazone in equestrian sports, are
      considered. Delayed absorption in ponies given access to hay was not accompanied
      by a significant reduction in total absorption. Bioavailability was estimated to
      be approximately 69% in fed and 78% in unfed ponies. Estimates of bioavailability
      gave similar values for morning (72%) and afternoon (71%) dosing.

PMID- 3701915
TI  - The effect of albendazole and triclabendazole on colchicine binding in the liver
      fluke Fasciola hepatica.
AB  - Albendazole (ABZ) and its sulfoxide (SX) and sulfone (SO) metabolites inhibit the
      binding of 3H-colchicine, a ligand with high affinity for tubulin to homogenate
      preparations of the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica. The relative potency of these
      compounds is SX greater than ABZ greater than SO. The benzimidazoles
      (cambendazole, parbendazole, oxibendazole and mebendazole), when tested at a
      concentration of 10 microM, also inhibited colchicine binding to fluke
      homogenates. However, a potent new benzimidazole flukacide, triclabendazole
      (TCB), was without effect on colchicine binding to F. hepatica homogenates. When
      intact flukes were exposed in vitro to 10(-5)M SX for as little as 5 min the
      subsequent binding of 3H-colchicine to fluke homogenates was significantly
      reduced. However, flukes recovered from sheep either 12 or 24 h after treatment
      with ABZ did not have a decreased ability to bind colchicine, although the non
      specific binding was higher in flukes from treated sheep, suggesting some
      interaction of drug with tubulin in vivo. ABZ, SX and SO were effective in
      preventing embryonation of fluke eggs at doses as low as 0.01 microM, but TCB was
      without effect at concentrations as high as 10 microM. The results suggest that
      ABZ exerts at least part of its anthelmintic effect by interaction with fluke
      tubulin.

PMID- 3701914
TI  - Dermal reactivity to histamine, serotonin and bradykinin in relation to allergic
      skin reactions of the horse.
AB  - The reactivity of horse skin to intradermal inoculation of histamine, serotonin
      and bradykinin was investigated, and the resulting reactions compared with those
      produced in the same horses by a 1% whole-body extract of Culicoides. Both
      histamine and bradykinin produced large reactions, but there was no significant
      correlation between the dermal responsiveness to insect allergen and either
      histamine or bradykinin. Two anti-histamine drugs (promethazine hydrochloride and
      tripelennamine hydrochloride) were effective in reducing the reaction produced by
      the insect extract.

PMID- 3701916
TI  - Sulfatroxazole: pharmacokinetics, metabolism and urinary excretion in goats and
      pigs.
AB  - The disposition of sulfatroxazole (STZ) has been studied in goats and pigs after
      intravenous administration of a single dose. The percentage of protein-binding
      decreased with increasing plasma concentration in both species. At 100
      micrograms/ml about 85% was bound to plasma proteins in goats, while the
      corresponding value was only 55% in pigs. Two metabolites of STZ were isolated
      from urine and identified as N4-acetyl-STZ and 3-sulfanilamido-4-methyl-5-hydroxy
      methyl-isoxazole (5'-OH-STZ). The goats excreted about 80% of the dose in urine.
      The majority (64%) was excreted as unchanged STZ, while N4-acetyl-STZ and 5'-OH
      STZ made up 19% and 18%, respectively. The pigs excreted 95% of the dose in
      urine. Unchanged STZ amounted to 30% and N4-acetyl-STZ to 70% of the urinary
      excretion in pigs, while there were only traces of 5'-OH-STZ.

PMID- 3701917
TI  - Loperamide: evidence for a centrally mediated opioid effect on rumen motility in
      conscious goats and sheep.
AB  - Loperamide inhibited the frequency and amplitude of cyclical contractions of the
      rumen in conscious goats (100 micrograms/kg, i.v. and sheep (250 micrograms/kg,
      i.v.). In goats, the inhibitory effect of loperamide could be prevented by
      pretreatment with the opiate antagonist naltrexone (greater than or equal to 12.5
      micrograms/kg, i.v.) but not by pretreatment with the dopaminergic antagonist
      domperidone (500 micrograms/kg, i.v.). Intracerebroventricular administration of
      1 microgram/kg loperamide in goats significantly depressed ruminal contraction
      frequency, whereas intravenous administration of 10 micrograms/kg loperamide did
      not affect cyclical motility. Administered via the carotid artery, loperamide (4
      micrograms/kg) depressed both frequency and amplitude of cyclical contractions of
      reticulum and rumen, whereas the same dose was ineffective via the coeliac
      artery. In vitro, loperamide (10 nM-100 microM) had no influence on spontaneous
      activity or tone of the reticular longitudinal muscle strips. It is concluded
      that loperamide inhibits cyclical ruminal contractions through a central opioid
      pathway.

PMID- 3701918
TI  - Penetration of oxytetracycline into tissue-cages in calves.
AB  - Concentrations of oxytetracycline (OTC) in serum and tissue-cage fluid (TCF) from
      subcutaneous tissue-cages were determined after single and repeated intravenous
      and intramuscular doses of 10 mg/kg to calves. Intravenous administration
      resulted in higher levels, and greater area under curve (AUC) in TCF, than did
      intramuscular administration. However, the penetration measured as the ratio of
      AUC in TCF to AUC in serum was equal, and therefore independent of the route of
      administration. A linear relationship between AUC in serum and AUC in TCF could
      be demonstrated. Half-lives of OTC in serum were 4.9 +/- 3.1 h after intravenous,
      and 6.1 +/- 2.0 h after intramuscular administration. In TCF the half-lives were
      21.5 +/- 4.4 h and 24.5 +/- 11.5 h after intravenous and intramuscular
      administration, respectively. Repeated dosing resulted in accumulation of OTC in
      TCF. Lesser accumulation in older cages indicated altered characteristics of the
      cages with the passage of time. In serum, no substantial accumulation was seen
      after repeated i.v. dosing until the dosing interval was shortened to 6 h.

PMID- 3701919
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of the anabolic agent zeranol. III. Zeranol concentrations in
      the faeces of steers implanted with zeranol (Ralgro).
AB  - Using a monoclonal antibody raised against zeranol, a radioimmunoassay has been
      validated for the determination of zeranol residues in the faeces of treated
      steers. The limit of decision defined as the mean apparent concentration of
      zeranol in the faeces of untreated cattle + 3 SD was 1 ng/g faeces. In a trial in
      which 27 steers were implanted with zeranol (36 mg) at the base of the ear and
      six steers were sham implanted, the mean maximum concentration of zeranol in
      faeces was 5.8 ng/g on Day 15 following implanting, declining to 1.67 ng/g on Day
      34 following implanting. During this period there was a marked variation between
      animals sampled on the same day following implanting. At no time during the trial
      did the apparent concentration of zeranol in the faeces of untreated animals rise
      above 0.91 ng/g, which is below the limit of decision for this assay.

PMID- 3701920
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of the anabolic agent zeranol. IV. The determination of zeranol
      concentrations in the edible tissues of cattle implanted with zeranol (Ralgro).
AB  - Rapid solvent extraction combined with a radioimmunoassay using a monoclonal
      antibody raised against a derivative of zeranol has been used to measure the
      residues of the anabolic agent zeranol in the edible tissues (muscle, liver,
      kidney and fat) of cattle treated with Ralgro. Calibration curves, both with and
      without, tissue extracts exhibit good parallelism. Regression analysis for the
      extraction of zeranol from tissues dosed with standard amounts of zeranol have
      correlation coefficients of 0.979, 0.991, 0.986 and 0.985 for muscle, liver,
      kidney and fat, respectively. The limits of decision defined as the mean value +
      3 SD for the concentrations apparently observed (noise) in tissues from animals
      not treated with Ralgro were 278, 121, 373 and 110 ng/kg for muscle, fat, liver
      and kidney, respectively. In the tissues of 4 cows implanted with Ralgro (36 mg),
      and sampled 70 days after implanting, the highest concentration of zeranol in
      each tissue was 232 ng/kg (muscle), 391 ng/kg (liver), 287 ng/kg (kidney) and 293
      ng/kg (fat), and residues were detected in all samples of fat (4), 3 kidney
      samples and 1 liver sample.

PMID- 3701923
TI  - Specific proteins synthesized during the viral lytic cycle in vaccinia virus
      infected HeLa cells: analysis by high-resolution, two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis.
AB  - The proteins synthesized in vaccinia-infected HeLa cells have been analyzed at
      different times after infection by using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
      Vaccinia-infected cells present up to 198 polypeptides (138 acidic, isoelectric
      focusing; 60 basic, nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis) not detected in
      control cells. Cells infected in the presence of cycloheximide show 81 additional
      polypeptides after cycloheximide removal, resulting in a total estimate of 279
      proteins induced after vaccinia infection. The glycoproteins made at various
      times postinfection were also analyzed. At least 13 proteins labeled with
      [3H]glucosamine were detected in vaccinia-infected HeLa cells.

PMID- 3701921
TI  - Isolation of a retroviruslike sequence from the TL locus of the C57BL/10 murine
      major histocompatibility complex.
AB  - Two retroviruslike sequences have been isolated from the TL locus of the major
      histocompatibility complex of C57BL/10 mice. One sequence (TLev2) hybridizes only
      with probes derived from the pol region of the murine leukemia provirus AKR; the
      other sequence (TLev1) hybridizes with gag, pol, and env AKR region probes. This
      9-kilobase endogenous, TL region-associated virus (TLev1) has been further
      characterized. The TLev1 genome has been shown to contain murine leukemia virus
      related sequences bounded by retroviruslike, VL30 long terminal repeats.
      Hybridization of TLev1-derived probes to mouse genomic digests reveals multiple
      copies which show distinct patterns compared with those observed with murine
      leukemia virus probes. The study of TLev1 may prove significant with respect to
      the interaction of retroviral sequences within the genome, expression of genes
      within the TL locus, and polymorphisms within the major histocompatibility
      complex.

PMID- 3701922
TI  - Pre-S1 antigens and antibodies early in the course of acute hepatitis B virus
      infection.
AB  - The presence of the two "large" surface proteins of hepatitis B virus (HBV), P39
      and GP42 of pre-S1-hepatitis B surface antigen, was assayed in the serum of an
      experimentally infected chimpanzee by using antibodies to a pre-S1-specific
      fusion protein synthesized in Escherichia coli. The immune response to pre-S1
      hepatitis B surface antigen was monitored by using the pre-S1 fusion protein as
      an antigen. pre-S1 proteins were detected in the serum early in the course of
      infection and prevailed as long as hepatitis B surface antigen did, together with
      hepatitis B e antigen and viral DNA. Thus, the pre-S1 antigen can be considered a
      novel diagnostic marker for acute HBV infection. Antibodies to pre-S1, both
      immunoglobulin M and G classes, were also detected early in infection, shortly
      after the appearance of the pre-S1 antigen, suggesting its strong immunogenicity
      in vivo. The anti-pre-S1 antibodies therefore also represent an early serological
      marker for acute HBV infection and, owing to their early appearance and
      persistence, may play a role in the neutralization of the virus.

PMID- 3701924
TI  - La Crosse virus small genome mRNA is made in the cytoplasm.
AB  - The cellular site of La Crosse virus S genome mRNA synthesis was examined by
      pulse-labeling infected cells for various times and determining the amount of
      labeled S mRNA in both the cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions. With pulse times as
      short as 3 min, La Crosse virus S genome transcription was found to be localized
      in the cytoplasm.

PMID- 3701925
TI  - Characterization of two influenza A viruses from a pilot whale.
AB  - Influenza A viruses of the H13N2 and H13N9 subtypes were isolated from the lung
      and hilar node of a pilot whale. Serological, molecular, and biological analyses
      indicate that the whale isolates are closely related to the H13 influenza viruses
      from gulls.

PMID- 3701926
TI  - Establishment of a Vero cell line persistently infected with African swine fever
      virus.
AB  - A Vero cell line persistently infected with African swine fever virus was
      established by infecting the cells in the presence of 10 mM NH4Cl (Vero-P cell
      line). The virus derived from the Vero-P cultures infected Vero cells, and virus
      titers were comparable to those obtained in Vero cells acutely infected with
      African swine fever virus. The structural proteins of the virus from Vero-P cells
      were similar to those of the virus produced in lytic infections. Virus production
      was low when the Vero-P cells were growing logarithmically and increased
      considerably in confluent cultures when lysis appeared in a fraction of the cell
      population.

PMID- 3701927
TI  - Localization and fine structure of a vaccinia virus gene encoding an envelope
      antigen.
AB  - The major antigen on the envelope of extracellular vaccinia virus particles is a
      polypeptide with an apparent molecular weight of 37,000 (p37K; G. Hiller and K.
      Weber, J. Virol. 55:651-659, 1985). The gene encoding p37K was mapped in the
      vaccinia virus genome by hybrid selection of RNA followed by in vitro
      translation. p37K was then identified among the in vitro translation products by
      immunoprecipitation with a monoclonal antibody. The gene is located close to the
      right-hand end of the HindIII F fragment. The corresponding region of the DNA was
      sequenced, and an open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 41,748 daltons was
      observed. The 5' end of the mRNA, as defined by nuclease S1 analysis, maps within
      only a few nucleotides of the translation initiation codon. Examination of the
      DNA sequence around the putative initiation site of transcription revealed a
      characteristic sequence, TAAATG, which includes the ATG translation initiation
      codon and which is conserved in all but one late gene so far analyzed. It is
      therefore likely that this sequence is an important regulatory signal for late
      gene expression in vaccinia virus.

PMID- 3701929
TI  - Pathogenicity of antigenic variants of murine coronavirus JHM selected with
      monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - To analyze the pathogenesis of the neurotropic murine coronavirus JHMV, we used
      monoclonal antibodies to the E2 viral glycoprotein to select antigenic variant
      viruses. Monoclonal antibodies J.7.2 and J.2.2 were shown to bind to
      topographically distinct regions of the E2 molecule, and the variants selected
      with the two antibodies demonstrated very different disease pictures in mice.
      Variants selected with J.7.2 were, like the parental virus, highly virulent and
      caused an acute encephalitic illness. By contrast, J.2.2-selected variants
      predominantly caused a subacute paralytic disease clinically and extensive
      demyelination histologically. Antigenic differences among the variants and
      parental virus were readily demonstrable with anti-E2 monoclonal antibodies.
      However, no differences between the viruses could be shown in binding studies
      with monoclonal antibodies directed against either E1 or N, the other two JHMV
      structural proteins. Since only J.2.2 selected demyelinating variants with
      reduced neurovirulence, it is likely that this monoclonal antibody recognizes a
      subregion of the E2 molecule that is particularly important in JHMV pathogenesis.

PMID- 3701928
TI  - Evidence for H-2-linked control of retrovirus production in Friend virus-induced
      tumor cell lines.
AB  - In Friend leukemia virus-induced tumor cell lines derived from mice congenic with
      respect to the H-2 complex, most cell lines expressing the H-2k haplotype
      continuously produced infectious exogenous virus in culture, whereas most cell
      lines expressing the H-2b or H-2d haplotype stopped producing virus during in
      vitro passage. This apparent H-2-linked control of virus production did not
      appear to be the result of alteration of the provirus or resistance to
      superinfection. The implications of this finding with respect to virus-induced
      leukemogenesis are discussed.

PMID- 3701930
TI  - Characterization of murine-specific leukemia virus receptor from L cells.
AB  - The host cell receptor for Moloney murine leukemia virus was solubilized from
      murine L-cell membranes and characterized. In initial studies designed to
      identify a receptor-rich cell line, different mouse cells were screened for
      binding to Moloney gp70, the viral envelope glycoprotein which determines host
      cell-binding specificity. gp70 binding to murine L cells was specific and
      saturable, with an apparent affinity constant (Ka) of 4 X 10(8) M-1, and the
      number of receptors per cell (6 X 10(5)) was similar to that of other mouse
      fibroblast cell lines. Characterization of the gp70 receptor with regard to
      extraction by detergents, protease sensitivity, and heat denaturation suggests
      that the receptor is an intrinsic membrane protein. Upon extraction of L-cell
      membranes with 0.2% deoxycholic acid and precipitation with acetone, specific and
      saturable binding of gp70 could be detected. The solubilized gp70-binding
      component was eluted upon gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300 into a species with
      an approximate molecular weight of 110,000.

PMID- 3701932
TI  - Hepatitis delta virus: protein composition of delta antigen and its hepatitis B
      virus-derived envelope.
AB  - Hepatitis delta virus (HDV)-associated particles were purified from the serum of
      an experimentally infected chimpanzee by size chromatography and by density
      centrifugation. Hepatitis delta antigen (HDAg) was detected after mild detergent
      treatment at a column elution volume corresponding to 36-nm particles and banded
      at a density of 1.25 g/ml. The serum had an estimated titer of 10(9) to 10(10)
      HDV-associated particles and had only a 10-fold excess of hepatitis B surface
      antigen (HBsAg) not associated with HDAg. Therefore, HDV appears to be much more
      efficiently packed and secreted than is its helper virus, hepatitis B virus
      (HBV), which is usually accompanied by a 1,000-fold excess of HBsAg. The protein
      compositions of the HDAg-containing particles were analyzed by immunoblotting
      with HDAg-, HBsAg-, and hepatitis B core antigen-specific antisera and monoclonal
      antibodies to HBV surface gene products. The HBsAg envelope of HDAg contained
      approximately 95% P24/GP27s, 5% GP33/36s, and 1% P39/GP42s proteins. This protein
      composition was more similar to that of the 22-nm particles of HBsAg than to that
      of complete HBV. The significant amount of GP33/36s suggests that the HBsAg
      component of the HDV-associated particle carries the albumin receptor. Two
      proteins of 27 and 29 kilodaltons which specifically bound antibody to HDAg but
      not HBV-specific antibodies were detected in the interior of the 36-nm particle.
      Since these proteins were structural components of HDAg and were most likely
      coded for by HDV, they were designated P27d and P29d.

PMID- 3701931
TI  - Nucleotide sequence and genome organization of human parvovirus B19 isolated from
      the serum of a child during aplastic crisis.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of an almost-full-length clone of human parvovirus B19
      was determined. Whereas the extreme left and right ends of this genomic clone are
      incomplete, the sequence clearly indicates that the two ends of viral DNA are
      related by inverted terminal repeats similar to those of the Dependovirus genus.
      The coding regions are complete in the cloned DNA, and the two large open reading
      frames which span almost the entire genome are restricted to one strand, as has
      been found for all other parvoviruses characterized to date. From the DNA
      sequence we conclude that the organization of the B19 transcription units is
      similar although not identical to those of other parvoviruses. In particular, we
      predict that the B19 genome may utilize a fourth promoter to transcribe mRNA
      encoding the major structural polypeptide, VP2. Analysis of the putative
      polypeptides confirms that B19 is only distantly related to the other
      parvoviruses but reveals that there is a small region in the gene probably
      encoding the major nonstructural protein of B19, which is closely conserved
      between all of the parvovirus genomes for which sequence information is currently
      available.

PMID- 3701933
TI  - End structure and mechanism of packaging of bacteriophage T4 DNA.
AB  - We analyzed by restriction enzyme digestion the end structure of T4 phage DNA by
      comparing mature, concatemeric, first-packaged, and incompletely packaged DNAs.
      The structure of mature DNA was also studied using 3' end labeling with terminal
      transferase. Our data support the hypothesis that T4 DNA packaging is not
      initiated at specific packaging initiation sequences on the concatemeric
      precursor (cos or pac site mechanisms) but by a different packaging mechanism.

PMID- 3701935
TI  - Clonal origins of lymphoproliferative disease induced by Epstein-Barr virus.
AB  - Analysis of immunoglobulin gene rearrangements in 16 B-cell lineages clonally
      propagated from two mononucleosis patients supported the notion that
      mononucleosis is a polyclonal B-lymphoproliferative disorder. Three of seven cell
      clones from a patient with a fatal B lymphoma revealed the same pattern of
      immunoglobulin gene rearrangement, indicating that this patient's disease was
      oligoclonal. The three similar clones were propagated from two sites (blood and
      spleen), indicating that they represent a metastatic cell lineage which arose
      during the patient's fatal B lymphoproliferation.

PMID- 3701934
TI  - Chromosomal locations of members of a family of novel endogenous human retroviral
      genomes.
AB  - Human cellular DNA contains two distinguishable families of retroviral related
      sequences. One family shares extensive nucleotide sequence homology with
      infectious mammalian type C retroviral genomes (T. I. Bonner, C. O'Connell, and
      M. Cohen, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79:4709-4713, 1982; M. A. Martin, T. Bryan,
      S. Rasheed, and A. S. Khan, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78:4892-4896, 1981). The
      other family contains major regions of homology with the pol genes of infectious
      type A and B and avian type C and D retroviral genomes (R. Callahan, W. Drohan,
      S. Tronick, and J. Schlom, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79:5503-5507, 1982; I. M.
      Chiu, R. Callahan, S. R. Tronick, J. Schlom, and S. A. Aaronson, Science 223:364
      370, 1984). Analysis of the human recombinant clone HLM-2 has shown that the pol
      gene in the latter family is located within an endogenous proviral genome (R.
      Callahan, I. M. Chiu, J. F. H. Wong, S. R. Tronick, B. A. Roe, S. A. Aaronson,
      and J. Schlom, Science 228:1208-1211, 1985). We show that the proviral genome in
      HLM-2 and the related recombinant clone HLM-25 are located, respectively, on
      human chromosomes 1 and 5. Other related proviral genomes are located on
      chromosomes 7, 8, 11, 14, and 17.

PMID- 3701936
TI  - Deterioration of venous function in normal lower extremities during daily
      activity.
AB  - The change in venous function during the course of the day was studied
      noninvasively in 50 normal lower extremities of 25 physically active normal
      subjects. Venous refilling time, measured by photoplethysmography, was
      significantly shorter (p less than 0.0001), and venous capacitance, measured by
      impedance plethysmography, was significantly reduced (p less than 0.04) after 5
      hours or more of daily activities performed in the upright position. Abnormally
      short venous refilling time (less than 18 seconds) developed in 21% of the
      extremities, which had a normal venous refilling time earlier in the same day.
      Lower extremity symptoms of ache, pain, or swelling were reported more frequently
      in extremities that developed an abnormal venous refilling time. There was a
      trend toward a greater change in venous refilling time during the day in
      symptomatic lower extremities than in asymptomatic limbs (p = 0.07).

PMID- 3701937
TI  - Improved results in the treatment of civilian vascular injuries associated with
      fractures and dislocations.
AB  - Patients with vascular injuries associated with fractures or dislocations of the
      extremities were managed according to a standard protocol, which included the
      liberal use of preoperative arteriography, early fasciotomy when indicated,
      individualization of timing and type of orthopedic procedures, arterial
      reconstruction primarily with interposition reversed saphenous vein grafts,
      repair of major venous injuries, routine completion arteriography, and regular
      postoperative monitoring of Doppler-derived ankle/brachial indices. Adherence to
      these principles led to a limb salvage rate of 97% in 38 patients with such
      injuries.

PMID- 3701938
TI  - Conventional repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm in the high-risk patient: a plea
      for abandonment of nonresective treatment.
AB  - Recent reports in the literature have promulgated nonresective treatment of
      abdominal aortic aneurysm as a safer procedure than conventional aneurysmectomy
      with graft replacement in high-risk patients. This review of 106 high-risk
      patients who underwent conventional aneurysm repair between 1980 and 1985 was
      undertaken to compare the relative risks, perioperative morbidity, and operative
      mortality of these patients to that reported for patients treated by nonresective
      therapy. Excluded were those patients who had rupture initially or underwent a
      concomitant renovascular procedure. Patients were considered to be at high risk
      if they met one or more of the following criteria: age equal to or greater than
      85 years; receiving oxygen at home, PO2 less than 50 torr, or forced
      midexpiratory flow less than 25% of predicted; serum creatinine equal to or
      greater than 3 mg/dl; biopsy-proven cirrhosis with ascites; retroperitoneal
      fibrosis; or New York Heart Association functional class III-IV angina, left
      ventricular ejection fraction less than 30%, recent congestive heart failure,
      complex ventricular ectopy, large left ventricular aneurysm, severe valvular
      disease, recurrent congestive heart failure or angina after coronary artery
      bypass grafting, or severe unreconstructed coronary artery disease confirmed by
      angiography. The mortality rate for conventional aneurysm repair in high-risk
      patients was 5.7%, compared with a reported 7% mortality rate for nonresective
      therapy. In those patients with severe cardiac dysfunction, intraoperative
      pharmacologic manipulation and the selective use of intra-aortic balloon
      counterpulsation appeared helpful in achieving survival.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3701939
TI  - Surgical management of infected abdominal aortic grafts: review of a 25-year
      experience.
AB  - Eighty-four patients with infected abdominal aortic grafts managed from 1961
      through February 1985 were reviewed. Thirty-three patients had associated
      aortoenteric fistula formation. Twenty-eight infections (33%) and 13 aortoenteric
      fistulas (39%) originated at The Cleveland Clinic, yielding an incidence of
      aortic graft infection of 0.77% (28 of 3652 grafts) and aortoenteric fistula
      formation of 0.36% (13 of 3652 grafts) at this center. Staphylococcus organisms
      alone or in combination with other organisms were isolated from 34% of the
      series. Management consisted of graft removal and extra-anatomic bypass in 54
      patients (64%), graft removal alone in 14 (17%) patients, partial graft removal
      and extra-anatomic bypass in seven (8%) patients, and miscellaneous operations in
      nine (11%) patients. Twenty-three patients (27%) required major amputations, nine
      of which were bilateral. Life-table analysis yielded 30-day and 1-year survival
      rates of 72% and 42%, respectively. Thirty-day survival of the aortoenteric
      fistula subset (49%) was less than that (86%) of the nonaortoenteric fistula
      subset (p = 0.003). One-year survival of patients treated since 1980 (54%) was
      superior to that of patients treated before 1980 (31%, p = 0.035). No difference
      in operative or 1-year survival was demonstrated between the group treated with
      extra-anatomic bypass and subsequent graft removal and another in which both
      procedures were performed simultaneously, although the staged group experienced
      substantially fewer (p = 0.04) amputations (7%) than the combined group (41%).

PMID- 3701940
TI  - Cardiac dysfunction during abdominal aortic operation: the limitations of
      pulmonary wedge pressures.
AB  - The mortality rate for elective abdominal aortic operations remains between 3%
      and 8% despite careful hemodynamic monitoring, and half of these deaths are
      cardiac in origin. An extensive evaluation of ventricular function was performed
      during abdominal aortic operation to detect subtle abnormalities in systolic or
      diastolic ventricular function that could precipitate progressive ischemic
      cardiac injury. Twenty-three patients undergoing elective abdominal aortic
      operations (14 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm [AAA] and nine patients
      with aortoiliac occlusive disease [AIOD] ) had hemodynamic and nuclear
      ventriculographic measurements performed preoperatively, during aortic clamping,
      and immediately after aortic declamping. No differences were found in the
      hemodynamic response to operation between patients with AAA or AIOD. Volume
      loading was performed at each time period to assess ventricular function.
      Myocardial performance (the relation between cardiac index and end-diastolic
      volume index) and systolic function (the relation between systolic blood pressure
      and end-systolic volume index) were depressed during aortic clamping (p less than
      0.05), suggesting decreased contractility, but returned to baseline values after
      declamping. Diastolic compliance (the relation between pulmonary capillary wedge
      pressure and end-diastolic volume index) decreased after declamping (p less than
      0.05), suggesting early myocardial ischemia. The decrease in diastolic compliance
      rendered pulmonary capillary wedge pressure a poor index of left ventricular
      preload after declamping. Higher pressures were required to maintain adequate
      diastolic volumes. Despite careful hemodynamic monitoring, potentially ischemic
      ventricular dysfunction was found during abdominal aortic operation.

PMID- 3701941
TI  - Carotid endarterectomy in the octogenarian: is it appropriate?
AB  - To evaluate the role of carotid endarterectomy (CE) in patients 80 years and
      older an 8-year study of 172 nonrandomized cases of octogenarians with
      cerebrovascular disease was done. Ninety octogenarians underwent CE whereas 82
      octogenarians, with arteriographically established carotid artery disease, were
      not operated on and served as a control series. The stroke rate after CE was 6%.
      In follow-up extending to 8 years the late stroke rate was only 2%, whereas the
      cumulative long-term stroke rate in the nonoperated group was 16%. These late
      strokes were appropriate to the side of the arteriographically demonstrated
      disease. In 1008 nonoctogenarians who underwent CE during this same time
      interval, the stroke rate after CE was 2% and the mortality rate was 0.6%. In the
      octogenarian population, however, the mortality rate after stroke was an alarming
      40% in the operated group and 62% in the nonoperated control group.
      Arteriographic flow-limiting (greater than 75% stenosis) intracranial occlusive
      disease was identified in 53% of the octogenarians undergoing operation and in
      all patients who suffered a postoperative neurologic deficit. This incidence of
      severe intracranial disease was nearly five times that of the nonoctogenarian
      patients undergoing CE. Although the stroke rate after CE in the octogenarian
      patient was 6%, the late stroke rate was only 2% compared with the cumulative
      stroke rate of 16% in the nonoperated octogenarian patients. Severe intracranial
      occlusive disease and, therefore, flow deprivation may play a more significant
      role as a cause of postoperative deficits than in younger patients, but CE is
      appropriate for selected octogenarians on the basis of physiologic rather than
      chronologic age.

PMID- 3701942
TI  - Durability of endarterectomy and antegrade grafts in the treatment of chronic
      visceral ischemia.
AB  - Several techniques have been used to revascularize the visceral circulation.
      Although initially successful, these repairs often have a significant rate of
      late occlusion. To determine the durability of transaortic endarterectomy (TEA)
      and antegrade aortovisceral grafting, we reviewed the last 67 consecutive
      patients operated on at the University of California, San Francisco for chronic
      visceral ischemia. The patients were principally middle-aged (mean, 59 years)
      women (76%) with atherosclerotic disease involving at least two major visceral
      arteries. Forty-seven patients underwent TEA; 22 patients had associated renal
      endarterectomy, and 15 patients had simultaneous aortic reconstructions. Twenty
      patients had an aortovisceral antegrade bypass placed as their only
      reconstruction. Two of these had concomitant aortic reconstructions. There were
      five perioperative deaths. Of the 62 patients available for follow-up, 60
      patients who had a total of 111 major visceral branch repairs have been followed
      up for 6 months to 14 years (mean, 4.4 years). Four patients (7%) have had
      recurrent visceral ischemia. Two patients had recurrent symptoms and have been
      asymptomatic for nearly 5 and 6 years, respectively, after successful
      reoperations. Two patients had intestinal infarction and died as a result. Thirty
      four patients have had follow-up aortography that showed 58 widely patent
      reconstructions, two asymptomatic single-vessel stenoses, and one asymptomatic
      occlusion. TEA and antegrade visceral bypass provided long-term relief of
      symptoms and prevented visceral gangrene in 56 of 60 patients (93%). The
      prolonged patency of these reconstructions is attributed to the following: They
      originate from undiseased or endarterectomized aorta, they provide optimal,
      nonturbulent flow, and they avoid the inherent technical pitfalls of retrograde
      grafting.

PMID- 3701943
TI  - On the arterial consequences of smoking.

PMID- 3701944
TI  - Celiac artery aneurysmectomy with pancreatectomy.
AB  - A case of symptomatic celiac artery aneurysm with pancreatic involvement treated
      by excision, 85% pancreatectomy, and direct reanastomosis of the common hepatic
      artery with restoration of arterial continuity is reported. This is the first
      reported case, of which we are aware, in which celiac artery aneurysm resection
      also required partial pancreatectomy. Pancreatic involvement by celiac artery
      aneurysm is discussed. The rationale for early diagnosis and recommended
      treatment is presented.

PMID- 3701945
TI  - Reduced aortic cross-clamp time in high-risk patients with abdominal aortic
      aneurysm.

PMID- 3701946
TI  - Self-retaining retraction in vascular surgery.

PMID- 3701948
TI  - Epidemiologic study to examine amateur boxers' potential risks.

PMID- 3701947
TI  - Clinical importance and management of splanchnic artery aneurysms.

PMID- 3701949
TI  - AIDS and the donation of blood in Saudi Arabia.

PMID- 3701950
TI  - The preliminary communication 'Transcutaneous temporary pacing in the operating
      room'.

PMID- 3701952
TI  - Screening and health fairs.

PMID- 3701951
TI  - Tetracycline and staining of the teeth.

PMID- 3701953
TI  - Screening for melanoma and skin cancer.

PMID- 3701954
TI  - Remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema.

PMID- 3701955
TI  - Polysorbates and renal oxalate crystals in the E-Ferol syndrome.

PMID- 3701956
TI  - Cushing's syndrome associated with adrenomedullary hyperplasia.

PMID- 3701957
TI  - The disposal of low-level radioactive waste.

PMID- 3701958
TI  - Colchicine and disk disease.

PMID- 3701959
TI  - Anesthesia for cataract surgery.

PMID- 3701960
TI  - Facial urination due to congestive heart failure.

PMID- 3701961
TI  - Retinal injury and detachment in boxers.
AB  - From March 1983 to October 1985, the members of the Retina Service of the Wills
      Eye Hospital treated nine boxers with traumatic retinal injuries. Eight of these
      had retinal detachments requiring scleral buckling procedures. The ninth had a
      large tear without subretinal fluid that was treated with cryotherapy alone. In
      this article the authors describe the type and location of retinal injury,
      initial and follow-up treatment, and associated ocular findings and the mechanism
      of injury.

PMID- 3701962
TI  - Injuries associated with three-wheeled, all-terrain vehicles, Alaska, 1983 and
      1984.
AB  - From January 1983 through December 1984, twenty deaths and at least 534 injuries
      in Alaska were associated with three-wheeled, all-terrain vehicles. Age at death
      ranged from 12 to 53 years; 15 deaths (75%) were in the 15- to 34-year age group.
      Of the 20 fatalities, 12 (60%) might have been prevented had the riders been
      wearing a helmet. Alcohol use was detected or highly suspected as the major
      contributing cause of the fatal crash for 12 of 15 drivers and three of five
      female passengers. Potential risk factors for injuries associated with all
      terrain vehicles include alcohol use, failure to use helmets, rider inexperience
      and inattention, and excessive speed.

PMID- 3701963
TI  - Failure to use seat belts in the United States. The 1981-1983 Behavioral Risk
      Factor Surveys.
AB  - Although seat belt use could prevent thousands of highway deaths and save
      billions of dollars annually, most Americans do not routinely buckle up. To
      understand better this phenomenon and other health-related behaviors, 28 states,
      the District of Columbia, and the Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, surveyed
      over 22,000 US adults from 1981 through 1983. Overall, 76% of US adults reported
      not using seat belts. Blacks, 18- to 24-year-olds, persons with no more than a
      high school education, and persons with other risk behaviors (especially drunk
      driving) were least likely to use seat belts. Legislation by the states and
      education by physicians can increase seat belt use and reduce morbidity and
      mortality due to motor vehicle collisions.

PMID- 3701964
TI  - Preservation of normal lung regions in the adult respiratory distress syndrome.
      Analysis by computed tomography.
AB  - In this report, we challenge the commonly held assumption that the adult
      respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a homogeneous process associated with
      generalized and relatively uniform damage to the alveolar capillary membrane. We
      studied 13 patients with ARDS, comparing the pulmonary parenchymal changes seen
      by standard bedside chest roentgenograms with those seen by computed tomography
      of the chest. Three patients demonstrated generalized lung involvement by both
      radiologic techniques. In another eight patients, despite the appearance of
      generalized involvement on the standard chest x-ray film, the computed
      tomographic scans showed patchy infiltrates interspersed with areas of normal
      appearing lung. Two patients showed patchy involvement by both techniques. The
      fact that ARDS spares some regions of lung parenchyma is useful knowledge in
      understanding the gas-exchange abnormalities of ARDS, the variable responsiveness
      to positive end-expiratory pressure, and the occurrence of oxygen toxicity. The
      problem of regional inhomogeneity should also be kept in mind when interpreting
      lung biopsy specimens or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with ARDS.

PMID- 3701965
TI  - Deferred consent. A new approach for resuscitation research on comatose patients.
AB  - Methodological constraints inherent in the rapidly growing field of resuscitation
      research have created an apparent conflict with newly promulgated federal
      regulations, especially those concerning informed consent requirements. We
      propose that two new concepts be applied to resuscitation research to satisfy the
      current federal regulations governing biomedical research. The first of these
      concepts is "minimal differential risk," ie, in resuscitation medicine, the
      difference between the risk of an undesirable outcome when standard, commonly
      accepted therapy may be used and the risk of an undesirable outcome with
      experimental therapy is minimal. The second concept is "deferred consent," ie,
      obtaining consent to continue with an experimental therapy after administration
      of that therapy has already begun. We believe that the emergency exception to
      informed consent applies to resuscitation research. Recognition of the
      applicability of these concepts to resuscitation research should allow compliance
      with federal and state regulations that otherwise might inhibit or preclude such
      research endeavors.

PMID- 3701966
TI  - On boxing and liberty.

PMID- 3701967
TI  - Making boxing safer. The Swedish model.

PMID- 3701968
TI  - Boxing should be banned in civilized countries--round 3.

PMID- 3701969
TI  - My dear colleague: are you considering suicide?

PMID- 3701971
TI  - Commercial hair analysis: science or scam?

PMID- 3701970
TI  - Traduttore, traditore.

PMID- 3701972
TI  - Sniffing gasoline.

PMID- 3701973
TI  - Human anisakiasis: an update.

PMID- 3701974
TI  - What stalked through the post office? What intellect, what calculation, number,
      measurement, replied?

PMID- 3701975
TI  - Changing patterns in the practice of carotid endarterectomy in a large
      metropolitan area.
AB  - Changes in the practice of carotid endarterectomy were studied by review of all
      endarterectomies performed in the greater Cincinnati area during 1980 and from
      July 1983 through June 1984. The number of operations rose from 431 to 750 (74%
      increase). The perioperative stroke rate fell from 8.6% in 1980 to 5.1% in 1983
      1984; operative mortality declined from 2.8% to 2.3%; and the combined stroke or
      death rate declined from 9.5% to 6.5%. Asymptomatic carotid artery disease was
      the indication for 50% of the endarterectomies during both time periods. The
      combined stroke or death rate for asymptomatic patients declined from 6.9% to
      5.3%, but both rates were higher than the 3% suggested as acceptable for
      prophylactic carotid endarterectomy. We conclude that carotid endarterectomy is
      becoming an increasingly common procedure, that morbidity continues to decline,
      and that mortality continues to be significant. Citywide surgical morbidity and
      mortality remain excessive for patients with asymptomatic carotid disease.

PMID- 3701976
TI  - Organizing an academic nursing home. Impacts on institutionalized elderly.
AB  - In March 1984, a program for an academic nursing home was established at the
      Sepulveda Veterans Administration Medical Center. The program was designed to
      improve care of nursing home patients, provide interdisciplinary training for
      medical house staff and allied health students, and stimulate research. Geriatric
      faculty physicians were appointed, medical house staff were assigned as primary
      physicians to groups of patients, and geriatric nurse practitioners were hired to
      provide day-to-day care. A two-phase evaluation of the impact of the academic
      nursing home on patient care was conducted. Beneficial developments associated
      with the program in concurrent comparison with the standard nursing home unit
      included a significant decrease in patient transfers to the acute-care hospital
      and significant improvements in functional status, patient satisfaction, and
      morale. A trend toward improved survival was nonsignificant. Longer-term follow
      up revealed a significantly increased rate of discharge for patients completing
      long-term rehabilitation. Overall, the costs of nursing home care were only
      minimally increased by the program. Results suggest that programs like the
      academic nursing home can lead to improved process and outcomes of nursing home
      care.

PMID- 3701977
TI  - A proposal for a combined family practice--internal medicine residency.
AB  - Both family practice and internal medicine currently train graduates for primary
      care. A single, four-year program is proposed that combines the strengths of
      family practice and internal medicine, incorporates community needs into the
      curriculum, and addresses the physician's changed role in a revolutionized health
      care provision system. Specific training recommendations and the societal and
      professional advantages of such a program are detailed.

PMID- 3701978
TI  - Training primary care physicians for the 21st century. Alternative scenarios for
      competitive vs generic approaches.

PMID- 3701979
TI  - Centrilobular hepatic fibrosis following acetaminophen-induced hepatic necrosis
      in an alcoholic.

PMID- 3701980
TI  - Education of the primary physician: a time for reconsideration?

PMID- 3701981
TI  - Family practice and general internal medicine: what kind of cooperation makes
      sense?

PMID- 3701982
TI  - Cutaneous granuloma formations in Crohn's disease.

PMID- 3701984
TI  - Violence hits public health: Surgeon General.

PMID- 3701983
TI  - New center for torture victims seeks to aid the politically abused.

PMID- 3701985
TI  - Child mistreatment remains an ugly problem.

PMID- 3701986
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Ciguatera fish poisoning--Vermont.

PMID- 3701987
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Cytotoxicity of volcanic ash: assessing the risk for
      pneumoconiosis.

PMID- 3701988
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Restaurant-associated scombroid fish poisoning--Alabama,
      Tennessee.

PMID- 3701989
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Behavioral risk-factor surveillance--selected states, 1984.

PMID- 3701990
TI  - Validation of a model to identify young patients for lymph node biopsy.
AB  - A model to identify 9- to 25-year-old patients with malignant or granulomatous
      lymphadenopathy demonstrated a sensitivity/specificity of 0.95/0.96 in the
      original sample. This study tests the performance of the model in three new
      samples (n = 34, 87, 46) of young patients with peripheral lymphadenopathy.
      Patient charts were reviewed for the biopsy diagnosis and for the three variables
      in the model (lymph node size, recent ear-nose-throat symptoms, and chest
      roentgenogram). Prevalence rates of malignancy or granuloma in the three samples
      were 0.71, 0.37, and 0.37. The model's sensitivity/specificity in the three
      samples were 0.96/1.00, 0.88/0.80, and 0.82/0.83. Receiver operating
      characteristic curve areas for the model ranged from 0.87 to 0.98, indicating
      excellent discrimination. Likelihood ratios were calculated for all scores to
      allow adjustment of the model's predictions for population differences in the
      prevalence of malignancy or granuloma. We conclude that the model performs well
      and can help physicians to select those young patients with peripheral
      lymphadenopathy who should undergo biopsy.

PMID- 3701991
TI  - Recent changes in attack and survival rates of acute myocardial infarction (1975
      through 1981). The Worcester Heart Attack Study.
AB  - A communitywide study was conducted in all 16 acute general hospitals in the
      metropolitan Worcester, Mass, area during the calendar years 1975, 1978, and 1981
      to examine time trends in the attack and case-fatality rates of patients
      hospitalized with validated acute myocardial infarction as well as of the
      occurrence of out-of-hospital coronary heart disease (CHD) deaths. Between 1975
      and 1981, there was an increase in the age-adjusted attack rates of initial
      events of acute myocardial infarction (1975, 254/100,000; 1981, 280/100,000) as
      well as recurrent events (1975, 133/100,000; 1981, 156/100,000). These overall
      increases were due to an increase among those 65 years of age and older, with no
      significant changes observed in those less than 65 years old. The age-adjusted in
      hospital case-fatality rates declined from 22.1% in 1975 to 20.3% in 1978 and
      17.4% in 1981. In examining long-term prognosis, no significant differences were
      seen over an eight-year follow-up period between patients discharged in 1975,
      1978, and 1981. The age-adjusted mortality rates of out-of-hospital CHD deaths
      significantly declined between 1975 (229/100,000) and 1981 (147/100,000). The
      results of this population-based survey suggest that recently observed declines
      in the mortality rates of CHD may reflect decreases in out-of-hospital coronary
      deaths and improving trends in the in-hospital survival of patients with acute
      myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3701992
TI  - Evaluating individual hospital quality through outcome statistics.
AB  - Case abstract data are routinely collected by hospital abstracting services, peer
      review organizations, and some state agencies. These data have proved invaluable
      in the analysis of patterns of performance across large numbers of hospitals and
      have shown, for example, the inverse relation between diagnosis- or procedure
      specific volume and outcome. Routinely collected data also appear to be an
      attractive means for identifying hospitals, and perhaps physicians, with
      particularly good or poor outcomes for their patients. Unfortunately, problems of
      small numbers of patients and relatively low rates of poor outcomes make it
      difficult to be confident in the identification of individual performers. Recent
      data for cardiac catheterization patients are used to illustrate this problem.

PMID- 3701994
TI  - Physicians and human rights.

PMID- 3701993
TI  - A 34-year-old woman with persistent cough and diarrhea.

PMID- 3701996
TI  - The evaluation of hospital death rates.

PMID- 3701995
TI  - Medical ethics and the issue of torture.

PMID- 3701997
TI  - No easy answers in public CPR training.

PMID- 3701998
TI  - 'Silent ischemia' challenges diagnostic, treatment skills.

PMID- 3701999
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Rocky Mountain spotted fever--United States, 1985.

PMID- 3702000
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Rubella vaccination during pregnancy--United States, 1971
      1985.

PMID- 3702001
TI  - Surveillance for sudden unexplained death syndrome.

PMID- 3702002
TI  - The management of hyperlipoproteinemia.

PMID- 3702003
TI  - Doctor's orders.

PMID- 3702004
TI  - Walkman pinna.

PMID- 3702005
TI  - Postmenopausal bleeding associated with corticosteroid administration.

PMID- 3702006
TI  - Panic attacks and idiopathic cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 3702007
TI  - Administration of intratracheal epinephrine by cricothyroid needle puncture.

PMID- 3702008
TI  - Names for aneurysms.

PMID- 3702009
TI  - CPR 1986: what's new.

PMID- 3702010
TI  - Caring for elderly: challenge for now and 21st-century medicine.

PMID- 3702011
TI  - It's elemental: research forges climate/health link.

PMID- 3702012
TI  - "Sick building" syndrome plagues workers, dwellers.

PMID- 3702013
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Tornado disaster--Pennsylvania.

PMID- 3702014
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Hurricanes and hospital emergency-room visits--Mississippi,
      Rhode Island, Connecticut.

PMID- 3702015
TI  - Ethical dilemmas for house staff physicians.

PMID- 3702016
TI  - Spontaneous rupture of a pacemaker battery.

PMID- 3702017
TI  - The 'hatband' sign in Horner's syndrome.

PMID- 3702018
TI  - How far should a physiatrist go?

PMID- 3702019
TI  - Mammography.

PMID- 3702020
TI  - A case of massive diphenhydramine abuse and withdrawal from use of the drug.

PMID- 3702021
TI  - An exacerbation of SLE after visiting a tanning salon.

PMID- 3702022
TI  - Tumor DNA content in the prognosis of colorectal carcinoma.
AB  - Tumor DNA content has been described as having prognostic significance in
      patients with colorectal carcinoma. It has been unclear, however, whether tumor
      ploidy as a prognostic factor is independent of various standard prognostic
      variables such as depth of invasion and lymph node involvement by the tumor. We
      retrospectively examined 77 patients who were diagnosed between 1974 and 1980 as
      having had resectable Dukes' stage A, B, or C colorectal carcinomas. The DNA
      content of each tumor was analyzed by flow cytometry on paraffin-embedded
      specimens. Both for aneuploid stage B tumors and for the entire group of
      aneuploid tumors, the disease-free and overall survival times of the patients
      were significantly shorter than those of patients with diploid colorectal
      carcinomas. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that aneuploidy was an
      independent prognostic variable in predicting recurrent disease as well as death
      from the colorectal cancer. Tumor ploidy was, in fact, the single most important
      prognostic factor among all of the clinical and pathologic variables studied.
      Thus, the DNA content of colorectal carcinoma appears to play an important role
      in indicating the biologic aggressiveness of the disease.

PMID- 3702023
TI  - Exogenous sex hormone exposure and the risk for major malformations.
AB  - Several studies have suggested that maternal use of exogenous sex hormones during
      early pregnancy may be associated with various congenital malformations. We
      conducted a case-control study of first-trimester sex hormone exposure among
      mothers of 1,091 infants with Down syndrome or at least one of 11 major
      malformations. For each malformation category, the infants with other
      malformations served as the control group. Associations were found between
      esophageal atresia and any sex hormone exposure (odds ratio, 2.84); progestins
      (odds ratio, 2.87); nonspecified sex hormones (odds ratio, 2.99); and hormonal
      pregnancy tests (odds ratio, 2.81). We found no potentially confounding variables
      for these associations. We found no statistically significant association between
      any malformation category and oral contraceptive exposure. Even if the
      relationship between esophageal atresia and noncontraceptive sex hormone exposure
      is causal, the absolute risk would be low, on the order of six per 10,000 exposed
      live births.

PMID- 3702024
TI  - Differential outcome of pure manic, mixed/cycling, and pure depressive episodes
      in patients with bipolar illness.
AB  - We found significant differences in time to recovery and rates of chronicity in
      155 patients with bipolar illness when the episodes were subtyped into those with
      manic symptoms alone (pure manic), depressive symptoms alone (pure depressed), or
      symptoms of depression and mania (mixed or cycling) up to the time of entry into
      a clinical research study. Most of the patients in all three groups who did not
      recover received levels of somatotherapy that were generally consistent with
      current recommendations for intensity of treatment appropriate to each condition.
      Based on a median follow-up of 18 months, the life-table estimate of the
      probability of remaining ill for at least one year was 7% for the pure manic
      patients compared with 32% in patients who entered the study with episodes that
      were mixed or cycling. Purely depressed patients had a 22% probability of
      remaining ill, approximating rates found in patients without bipolar illness who
      have episodes of depression. Different clinical variables were found to predict
      time to recovery in each of these groups. We propose that this subtyping of
      episodes may be a clinically useful part of the classification of bipolar
      disorders.

PMID- 3702025
TI  - Death and injury by firearms: who cares?

PMID- 3702026
TI  - Value and limitations of continuous-wave Doppler echocardiography in estimating
      severity of valvular stenosis.

PMID- 3702027
TI  - Treatment of hepatic metastases in ocular melanoma. Embolization of the hepatic
      artery with polyvinyl sponge and cisplatin.
AB  - Patients with ocular melanoma have a high incidence of hepatic metastases, which
      primarily determine their length of survival. In an attempt to control the
      neoplastic disease in the liver, embolization of the hepatic artery with a
      combination of polyvinyl sponge (Ivalon) and a suspension of cisplatin was
      performed in two patients with hepatic metastases from ocular melanoma. Dramatic
      regression of the hepatic metastases, lasting 19 and six months, occurred in
      these two patients after one or two such treatments. Our preliminary, albeit
      successful, experience with this therapeutic approach suggests that it may offer
      relatively prolonged periods of remission and warrants further investigation.

PMID- 3702028
TI  - Pneumocephalus as a consequence of barotrauma.

PMID- 3702029
TI  - Toward the prevention of torture.

PMID- 3702030
TI  - Measuring DNA in human cancer.

PMID- 3702031
TI  - Idiopathic sustained ventricular tachycardia responsive to verapamil: clinical
      electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic considerations.
AB  - Fifteen cases of idiopathic VT responsive to verapamil were studied to examine
      its clinical, electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic features. All patients
      were male, aged 15-49, average age 28. Initial onset of VT occurred at ages 9-48
      (average 21). Time from onset of VT to first admission was 1-20 years (average
      8.2 years), and patients had been followed for 17-40 months (average 27 months).
      13 cases had palpitations, 5 had faintness, 1 had syncope, but no deaths were
      reported. ECG's at time of VT exhibited CRBBB + LAD pattern in 12 cases, CRBBB +
      RAD pattern in 1, and LBBB in 2. VT rate was 130-200 bpm (average 163 bpm), with
      QRS width of 0.11 - 0.16 sec (average 0.14 sec). ECG's during sinus rhythm
      revealed no ST/T abnormalities, although in 6 cases they were found post-VT. 5
      cases had recognizable H waves during VT, and HV intervals were shorter than that
      during sinus rhythm. VT could be induced by programmed electrical stimulation in
      14 cases. VT or RVR could be induced by atrial pacing in 6 of 14, single RV extra
      stimuli in 12 of 14, paired pulses in 5 of 12, RV overdrive pacing in 7 of 14,
      and burst pacing in 6 of 14 cases. VT could be terminated by RV burst pacing in
      14 of the 15 cases, while single RV stimuli were effective in 5 out of 12 cases.
      Among the 12 cases in which VT could be induced by single RV extra-stimuli, the
      relationship between changes in premature interval for the induction of VT and
      the echo interval of VT (extrastimulus to first VT complex) was examined. 8
      showed an inverse relationship, 3 showed a concordant relationship and 1 case
      could not be assessed. An inverse relationship was found between changes in paced
      cycle length and echo interval for the 2 cases in which VT could be induced by
      rapid pacing. Verapamil terminated sustained VT in 12 out of 13 cases, and in
      another case had a pronounced decelerating effect. Prior to termination, VT rate
      was drastically reduced (from 163 +/- 29 bpm to 128 +/- 29 bpm). Verapamil was
      able to prevent the induction of VT in 6 out of 14 cases, while in 6 cases the VT
      zone was expanded and in 2 cases the VT zone was narrowed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 3702032
TI  - Electrophysiological and pharmacological studies on the mechanisms of ventricular
      tachycardia.
AB  - Employing electrophysiological and pharmacological methods, the mechanisms of
      recurrent ventricular tachycardia were studied in 31 patients, 18 with old
      myocardial infarction and 13 with idiopathic ventricular tachycardia. In the
      cases of ventricular tachycardia with old myocardial infraction, the initiation
      and termination of the tachycardia could be achieved by programmed electrical
      stimulation in 13 out of 18 patients. Endocardial mapping showed that the
      earliest excitation site during tachycardia was at the border zone of infarction,
      where the diastolic fragmented activity was detected. Programmed electrical
      stimulation sometimes provoked more than two kinds of QRS morphology of
      tachycardia in the same patient. Class IA antiarrhythmic agents were effective in
      terminating tachycardia. These data suggest that there are multiple reentrant
      pathways consisting of partially depressed fast fibers at the border zone of
      infarction. In the cases with idiopathic ventricular tachycardia, the induction
      and termination of tachycardia was effected by electrical stimulation in 8 out of
      13 patients. For the termination of tachycardia, long overdrive pacing was
      sometimes necessary. The diastolic fragmented activity could not be detected by
      endocardial mapping. A class IV drug such as verapamil was more effective for the
      termination of tachycardia than class I drugs, and there were repetitive short
      runs of ventricular extrasystole observed until the final termination. These data
      support the reentrant pathways containing slow with enhanced automaticity as the
      circuit of idiopathic ventricular tachycardia.

PMID- 3702033
TI  - Effects of intravenous injection of isosorbide dinitrate on the cardiovascular
      system.
AB  - An assessment of the acute hemodynamic effect of intravenous isosorbide dinitrate
      (ISDN) was performed with a Mikro-tip angiocatheter in 10 patients during the
      diagnostic cardiac catheterization. Both left ventricular (LV) systolic pressure
      (SP) and end-diastolic pressure (EDP) were decreased by 2 mg of ISDN. Cardiac
      index, stroke work index and heart rate did not change significantly, and neither
      systemic vascular resistance nor pulmonary arteriolar resistance was reduced.
      Isovolumic phase and ejection phase indices of contractility were not altered.
      End-diastolic stress, an accurate index of preload, was reduced significantly
      (47.0 +/- 27.6 to 28.7 +/- 24.6 g/cm2, p less than 0.01), and mid-systolic
      stress, an index of afterload, was also reduced (371 +/- 102 to 332 +/- 85 g/cm2,
      p less than 0.05). No undesirable side effects were noted during this study. We
      concluded that bolus intravenous (IV) ISDN safely reduced both preload and
      afterload. As 2 mg of IV ISDN had no significant change on SVR, a larger dose of
      ISDN bolus injection might be needed for a significant arterial vasodilating
      effect. Bolus IV ISDN seems to be very effective in cases in which rapid
      reduction of LV filling pressure is mandatory.

PMID- 3702034
TI  - Cardiotonic activity of a new inotropic agent, 3,4-dihydro-6-[4-(3,4
      dimethoxybenzoyl)-1-piperazinyl]-2(1H)- quinolinone (OPC-8212), in the dog with
      and without beta-blocker and Ca++-antagonist pretreatment.
AB  - Hemodynamic effects of a new inotropic agent, OPC-8212 (2(1H)-quinolinone
      derivative) were studied in anesthetized open chest dogs pretreated with
      propranolol and diltiazem. Three doses (1, 3 and 10 mg/kg) of OPC-8212 were
      administered intravenously and the net hemodynamic effect (% change) was obtained
      by subtraction of the effect of the solvent from the gross effect, since the
      vehicle has a transient, but significant hemodynamic effect. The maximal
      inotropic effect occurred 3 minutes after administration: LV dP/dt max and
      cardiac output (CO) increased by 19 +/- 2.5% and 28 +/- 8.5%, respectively, at 3
      mg/kg. These cardiotonic effects were dose-dependent, whereas heart rate, peak LV
      pressure (PLVP) and mean aortic pressure were minimally changed at any dose.
      Accordingly, systemic vascular resistance (SVR) decreased in a dose-dependent
      manner although the decrease was much less than that in administration of
      isoproterenol. The inotropic effect was not blocked by beta-adrenoceptor blockade
      (propranolol 1 mg/kg), indicating that the cardiotonic action of this agent is
      not due to beta-adrenergic stimulation. Thus, this agent could reverse beta
      blocker-induced heart failure. During infusion of diltiazem (0.1 mg/kg/min
      following bolus intravenous administration of 0.5 mg/kg), the increases in LV
      dP/dt max and CO due to OPC-8212 were similar to those in the control study. In
      contrast to the effects under beta-adrenoceptor blockade, however, decreased PLVP
      was restored by OPC-8212. Neither chronotropic nor rrhythmogenic effects were
      observed in the control or with either pharmacological intervention. These
      results indicate that OPC-8212 has a potent inotropic action with modest
      vasodilatory effect even with propranolol or diltiazem pretreatment.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3702035
TI  - Five cases of arrhythmogenic left ventricular aneurysm unrelated to coronary
      occlusion.
AB  - Five among 19 cases of sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) treated in the last
      two years had left ventricular aneurysms, but the patients denied any previous
      attack of chest pains that would indicate acute myocardial infarction. Laboratory
      findings including serum electrolytes were normal and no signs of inflammation
      were found. Coronary angiograms were normal but the left ventriculograms showed
      aneurysms in four patients and akinetic to aneurysmal wall motion in one patient.
      Electrophysiologic studies (EPS) were done in four patients. VT was induced
      reproducibly by programmed electrical stimulation in three patients and it was
      terminated by programmed stimulation within 30 seconds. The foci of VT were
      determined by EPS. One case who showed acceleration of the VT rate following the
      second induction of VT developed a fulminant course; Adams-Stokes attacks from
      VT, more than ten times a night in spite of intravenous administration of a large
      dose of procainamide, were terminated by DC shock. VT was determined to originate
      from the aneurysm that was resected operatively. In the other two cases, the foci
      were resected and the intraoperative EPS confirmed the preoperative foci. The
      postoperative EPS showed no inducibility of VT in three surgical cases. Though
      the induction of VT may not be indicated in every case of VT, we believe that EPS
      is required to determine the focus for the operation and to evaluate the precise
      drug efficacy in rapid VT. It is further stressed that the sustained VT of our
      patients including the present five, lasted for several hours until it was
      terminated in the hospital.

PMID- 3702036
TI  - The mechanism of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia--PSVT due to peri-AV
      nodal reentry.
AB  - To evaluate the role of perinodal tissue in the genesis of atrioventricular (AV)
      nodal reentry, echo beats were induced by programmed stimulation in nine
      superfused rabbit AV nodal preparations which included the crista terminalis (CT)
      input, interatrial septal (IAS) input and perinodal atrial tissues in addition to
      the AV node. Two patterns of AV reentry were observed: In six preparations,
      premature response was blocked within the AV node, but anterograde conduction
      continued along the perinodal fibers and entered the AV node by way of another
      input region. Reentry occurred via retrograde nodal conduction to the initial
      input and subsequently conducted within the perinodal region. In three
      preparations, premature beat elicited by CT stimulation was blocked in the
      perinodal tissues near the CT, conducted slowly in an anterograde fashion through
      the AV node. To complete the reentry circuit, it exited at the IAS region and
      conducted in retrograde fashion via the perinodal tissues to reenter the node at
      the CT. Moreover, in four other preparations, surgical interruption of the
      perinodal tissue prevented reinitiation of reentrant phenomena. Thus, the
      critical role of the perinodal tissues as a necessary link in AV nodal reentry
      was demonstrated in this preparation.

PMID- 3702037
TI  - Circus movement tachycardia induced by a single premature stimulus on the
      ventricular sheet--evaluation of the leading circle hypothesis in the canine
      ventricular muscle.
AB  - Mechanisms of ventricular tachycardia induced by local application of a properly
      timed premature stimulus were studied with routine microelectrode technique and
      extracellular recordings on a ventricular sheet. Thinly sliced preparations
      obtained from subepicardial muscle of the canine ventricle were used as an
      approximation of a two-dimensional model. On these preparations, spontaneously
      sustained tachycardia easily induced by a single premature stimulus. Since
      delayed after-depolarizations were never evoked by frequent stimulations even in
      the K+-free and high-Ca++ media, these tachycardias seemed to be induced by re
      entrant and circus movement mechanisms. To analyse the re-entrant mechanisms,
      action potentials generated by normal driving stimuli were recorded from multiple
      points (40 approximately 50 points) and the spreads of the depolarization and
      repolarization phases of the action potentials were mapped. The depolarizing wave
      front on the map always showed a circular or elliptical pattern. Whenever the
      pattern of spread of the repolarizing wave was similar to that of the
      depolarizing wave, sustained tachycardia was never brought about by any premature
      stimulus. On the other hand, when the map of the spread of the repolarizing wave
      was very complicated and mixed with that of the depolarizing wave, sustained
      tachycardia was frequently induced. From the above results, it is suggested that
      the nonuniform recovery of excitability plays a role in the generation of
      sustained tachycardia. Moreover, a portion of the unidirectional block of the
      premature impulse was determined by calculated using the conduction velocity of
      the premature impulse and the effective refractory period in each cell; then a
      route of re-entry for the premature impulse was simulated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3702038
TI  - Induction and termination of ventricular tachycardia by programmed electrical
      stimulation in a 7-day-old canine myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3702039
TI  - Endocardial mapping of ventricular tachycardia in one-day-old myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - Endocardial mapping of ventricular tachycardia (VT) was performed in one-day-old
      myocardial infarction using a matrix electrode (6 X 7 = 42) placed on the
      endocardial surface of the perfused isolated canine heart. Spontaneous focal VT
      was observed in all 7 dogs. It was neither affected nor terminated by electrical
      stimulation. Focal VT was induced in 5 dogs by constant pacing or premature
      programmed stimulation of the main left bundle. It was terminated by electrical
      stimulation and induction of the VT was suppressed by verapamil (5 X 10(-7)).
      Endocardial mapping of the spontaneous focal VT and induced focal VT showed
      initiation of activation from the surviving Purkinje fiber in the infarcted or
      border zone with subsequent circular expansion of excitation. Reentrant VT was
      induced in 3 dogs by bursts of rapid pacing and deteriorated into ventricular
      fibrillation. Endocardial mapping showed a continuous arc of functional
      conduction block and slowly circulating activation front around the block. It is
      suggested that in experimental one-day-old myocardial infarction VT resulted from
      abnormal automaticity and triggered activity in the surviving Purkinje fiber and
      reentry in the subendocardial muscle layer.

PMID- 3702040
TI  - A study on entrainment in various forms of tachycardias.
AB  - In order to study the entrainment phenomenon in various forms of clinical and
      experimental tachycardia, overdrive pacing was performed in clinical paroxysmal
      supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (6 cases),
      atrial flutter (AF-6 cases), ventricular tachycardia (VT-2 cases), experimental
      AF induced by Rosenblueth's method (5 dogs), and in VT induced by aconitine (5
      dogs). Progressive fusion was demonstrated in all but aconitine-induced VT. After
      cessation of pacing, the first tachycardia complex showed no fusion at all, but
      the timing of the complex varied depending on the recording sites of the
      electrogram. The tachycardia complex occurred at the pacing rate only when the
      electrogram was recorded at the upstream of the pacing site along the reentry
      circuit in PSVT and experimental AF. In clinical VT, the complex appeared
      progressively later as the pacing rate was increased. In aconitine-induced
      experimental VT, the complex occurred at its original tachycardia rate
      originating from the site where aconitine was applied. In reentrant tachycardia,
      entrainment could be observed even when all three of the diagnostic criteria
      proposed by Brugada et al. were not fulfilled. The mechanism of tachycardia can
      be assessed by entrainment, although the proposed criteria should be reevaluated.

PMID- 3702041
TI  - The electrophysiological characteristics of various types of paroxysmal
      tachycardias.

PMID- 3702042
TI  - [The histo-pathological changes in the epidural space and changes in the effect
      of anesthesia after long-term continuous epidural block].

PMID- 3702043
TI  - [Reproductive and teratologic effects of long-term exposure to nitrous oxide and
      halothane in mice].

PMID- 3702044
TI  - [Effect of temperature on oxygen equilibrium curves for fresh and stored human
      whole blood].

PMID- 3702045
TI  - [Cardiovascular changes associated with epidural anesthesia and the infusion of
      plasma expander].

PMID- 3702046
TI  - [Intra-operative monitoring of somatosensory evoked potentials in patients with
      abdominal aortic aneurysm].

PMID- 3702047
TI  - [Hypothermic anesthesia with enflurane for tracheal plastic surgery in an
      infant].

PMID- 3702048
TI  - [Anesthetic management for carinal resection].

PMID- 3702049
TI  - [Pyogenic psoas abscess during continuous epidural block].

PMID- 3702050
TI  - [Anesthetic management of chronic pulmonary embolectomy].

PMID- 3702051
TI  - [New theoretical analysis of cardiac function curves. 1. Venous return curve with
      ventricular function curve, derived from Guyton's formula].

PMID- 3702052
TI  - [Ampicillin suppository].

PMID- 3702054
TI  - In vitro susceptibility of Pseudomonas maltophilia to antimicrobial agents.
AB  - Reports on the isolation and pathogenicity of some species of Gram-negative and
      glucose-nonfermentative bacilli have appeared in the literature since 1962. The
      infections caused by those organisms have become important problems as an
      opportunistic infection in immunosuppressed patients. Pseudomonas maltophilia is
      a glucose-nonfermentative aerobic Gram-negative rod widely dispersed in nature.
      The role of Pseudomonas maltophilia as an opportunistic pathogen is not
      thoroughly established, but a few papers on clinical infections associated with
      P. maltophilia have been published. P. maltophilia is considerably less
      susceptible to certain of the most commonly-used antibiotics. We have reviewed
      the susceptibilities of P. maltophilia to antimicrobial agents currently
      available and yearly changes of the strains in resistance to the antibiotics that
      have been extensively used.

PMID- 3702053
TI  - [Clinical studies on the biliary excretion of mezlocillin, especially in cases
      with liver dysfunction].
AB  - To investigate efficacy of mezlocillin (MZPC) in the treatment of biliary tract
      infection, the time course concentrations of MZPC in the bile of patients with,
      in particular, liver dysfunction were measured. MZPC concentrations in the bile
      decreased with the increase in the severity of liver dysfunction. However, the
      bile concentration was maintained more than 50 micrograms/ml even in cases of
      severe cholangitis with obstructive jaundice. These results indicate that MZPC is
      an useful antibiotic for the treatment of biliary tract infection.

PMID- 3702055
TI  - [Study of concentrations of clindamycin phosphate in bone marrow blood and
      tissue].
AB  - Clindamycin phosphate (CLDM) was administered to 33 surgical cases in orthopedics
      to treat or prevent infection (600 mg in 15 cases and 1,200 mg in 18 cases by
      intravenous drip infusion over 60 minutes) and the concentrations of CLDM in the
      bone marrow blood and tissue of the operative field as well as in venous blood
      were determined with the cup plate method of bioassay by collecting specimens
      immediately after completion of infusion or 30 or 60 minutes later. The
      concentration of CLDM in bone marrow blood averaged 104.3 approximately 105.5% of
      the corresponding concentration in venous blood in the cases receiving 600 mg and
      101.3% in those receiving 1,200 mg. The concentration of CLDM in bone marrow
      tissue averaged 154.0 approximately 163.7% of the corresponding concentration in
      venous blood in the group receiving 600 mg but 78.8 approximately 86.2% in the
      group receiving 1,200 mg. This difference between the 2 groups was considered to
      reflect largely the difference in specimens collected. Thus, the concentration of
      CLDM in bone marrow tissue was interpreted as the amount of drug penetrating and
      remaining in bone marrow tissue and its adjacent area. The MIC75 of CLDM for
      clinical isolates were 0.20 micrograms/ml for S. aureus, 0.78 micrograms/ml for
      B. fragilis and 0.20 micrograms/ml for Peptostreptococcus spp. The concentrations
      of CLDM attained in bone marrow blood and tissue and its adjacent area after
      administration of 600 mg or 1,200 mg were thus sufficient to eliminate these
      organisms. The above results indicate that CLDM is a useful antibiotic for
      treatment and prevention of infection in orthopedics.

PMID- 3702056
TI  - [Investigation on effectiveness and safety of fosfomycin in treatment of patients
      with allergy induced by antibacterial agents].
AB  - Twenty-four patients with urinary tract infections were treated with fosfomycin
      (FOM) to evaluate its effectiveness and safety. They all had shown allergic
      reactions, mainly to beta-lactams. Lymphocyte stimulation test (LST), leukocyte
      migration inhibition test (LMT), passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and the
      precipitin reaction were performed to test whether FOM would also cause an
      allergic reaction. FOM was judged by the physician-in-charge to be effective in
      all 6 patients (100%) with acute simple cystitis and 8 (72.7%) of 11 patients
      with chronic complicated urinary tract infections. The drug was also effective in
      15 (83.3%) of 18 patients with epididymitis, etc. Regarding the usefulness of
      FOM, it was judged to be useful in 21 (91.3%) of 23 patients. FOM was very useful
      in 8 (34.8%) of these 23. In patients tested for LST, the value was lower in
      cases given FOM than in cases given ampicillin (ABPC), cefazolin (CEZ) or
      latamoxef (LMOX); there was an especially significant (p less than 0.01)
      difference with ABPC. All the drugs tested were negative for the LMT, PCA and
      precipitin reaction tests. No subjective or objective abnormalities were
      attributed to the FOM treatment, and there were also no abnormal laboratory test
      values. FOM was evaluated to be an effective and safe antibacterial agent without
      in vitro or clinical allergic reactions.

PMID- 3702057
TI  - [Clinical studies on doxycycline treatment of urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis
      infections].
AB  - Nineteen patients of male NGU and 8 patients of female NGC were treated with
      doxycycline (DOXY, 200 mg/day for 14 days). C. trachomatis positive rate of male
      NGU was 12/19 (63%), and that of female NGC was 4/8 (50%). C. trachomatis
      positive rate of male NGU after treatment of DOXY for 3 days, 7 days and 14 days,
      was 83%, 17% and 0%, respectively. Serous discharge after treatment of DOXY for 3
      days, 7 days, 14 days, was continued in 100%, 33%, 0%. Administration of DOXY
      (200 mg/day for 14 days) was considered good treatment for male C. trachomatis
      positive NGU.

PMID- 3702058
TI  - [Effect of S6472 and cefaclor on bacterial flora in adult human feces].
AB  - S6472 is a mixture of cefaclor (CCL) granules with gastric-soluble coating and
      those with enteric-soluble coating at the ratio (in potency) of 4 to 6. With
      administration of this formulation, a prolonged blood level of CCL is obtained.
      S6472 and CCL were administered orally to 19 healthy male volunteers between 20
      and 27 years of age (mean: 23 years) weighing between 51 and 80 kg (mean: 64.7
      kg). Four subjects were given 2 capsules and 5 subjects were given 4 capsules
      each containing 187.5 mg of S6472, 30 minutes after breakfast and supper for 5
      days. Five subjects were given 1 capsule and 5 subjects were given 2 capsules
      each containing 250 mg of CCL 30 minutes after breakfast, lunch and supper for 5
      days. The number of fecal bacteria was examined 5 days before the start of
      administration, the day of the start of administration, 3 and 5 days after the
      start of administration, and 3, 5 and 10 days after the end of administration.
      Concentration of CCL in feces and susceptibility of isolated fecal bacteria (at
      the inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml) to CCL were examined. Adverse reactions and
      the effects on laboratory test values were also checked. In 4 subjects receiving
      375 mg of S6472 twice a day, the mean population of E. coli was 10(7)-10(9)
      cells/g feces on all days of observation. There was no effect on the population
      of Klebsiella sp., Citrobacter sp. Enterobacter sp. and other Enterobacteriaceae.
      The mean population of all Enterobacteriaceae was 10(8)-10(9) cells/g feces on
      all days of observation. The population of other Gram-negative bacilli did not
      show a consistent change, either. There was no effect on the population of Gram
      positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus sp., Enterococcus, sp., Micrococcus sp.,
      and of Candida sp. Among anaerobic bacteria, Bacteroides sp. showed the mean
      population of 10(10) cells/g feces on all days of examination. C. difficile was
      isolated from 2 subjects out of 4 at the level of 10(2)-10(3) cells/g feces 5
      days after the start of administration and 3 days after the end of
      administration. However, there was no production of toxin in either of the 2
      subjects. In another subject, C. difficile was isolated at 10(2)-10(4) cells/g
      feces with a toxin titre of 10(-3)-10(-4) 3 and 5 days after the start of
      administration and 10 days after the end of administration. The total population
      of anaerobic bacteria was 10(10)-10(11) cells/g feces on all days of
      examination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3702059
TI  - [Toxicological studies on (2''R)-4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin, a new
      antitumor antibiotic. Acute toxicity study in mice].
AB  - A new antitumor anthracycline antibiotic; (2''R)-4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin
      hydrochloride (THP) was administered to ddY mice via different routes for acute
      toxicity studies. The LD50 values were calculated from mortality rates during a
      14-day observation period, and were 14-21 mg/kg when i.v., i.p. or s.c. route was
      used and 420-570 mg/kg when the drug was given p.o. Upon administration of the
      drug, mice showed depression of spontaneous activity, anorexia, diarrhea and
      slight alopecia. Autopsy of the mice killed by the drug revealed atrophy of
      thymus, spleen, testes, uterus and ovaries, and congestion and hemorrhage in the
      intestines. The mice which survived through the observation period, however,
      showed only atrophy of thymus and sexual organs.

PMID- 3702060
TI  - [Toxicological studies on (2''R)-4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin, a new
      antitumor antibiotic. Its acute toxicity in rats].
AB  - (2''R)-4'-O-Tetrahydropyranyladriamycin (THP), a new antitumor antibiotic of
      anthracycline derivative, was given to Jcl-SD strain rats through intravenous
      (i.v.), intraperitoneal (i.p.), subcutaneous (s.c.) or oral (p.o.) administration
      routes and the animals were observed in respect of mortality, clinical signs and
      body weight for 21 days. Autopsy was done and histopathology on the tissues
      showing macroscopic abnormality was performed. The results were summarized as
      follows. Values of LD50 were 18.09 mg/kg i.v., 22.58 mg/kg i.p., 25.39 mg/kg s.c.
      and above 1,013 mg/kg p.o. for males and 18.07 mg/kg i.v., 20.30 mg/kg i.p.,
      21.76 mg/kg s.c. and above 1,013 mg/kg p.o. for females. No significant
      difference was found in LD50 values of different sexes. When higher than lethal
      dose levels of THP was given to animals, their clinical signs grew worse and
      weight loss occurred in about 5 days after the administration of the drug.
      Thereafter, deaths were observed. Macroscopic and microscopic observations on
      dead and survived rats revealed atrophy of spleen and thymus, whity clouding of
      spleen capsule, hemorrhage in mucosa of glandular stomach and congestion and
      hemorrhage in testes. These results suggest that THP shows weaker acute toxicity
      to rats than doxorubicin does, but the toxic effect of THP is approximately the
      same as that of other anthracycline derivatives.

PMID- 3702061
TI  - [Toxicological studies on (2''R)-4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin, a new
      antitumor antibiotic. Its acute toxicity in beagle dogs].
AB  - (2"R)-4'-O-Tetrahydropyranyladriamycin (THP), a new antitumor antibiotic of
      anthracycline derivative, was given intravenously to male and female Beagle dogs,
      followed by observations for 2 weeks. The doses were 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0
      mg/kg. Observations were performed on mortality, clinical signs, body weight and
      temperature, food and water consumption, ECG, ophthalmoscopy, testicular
      measurement, hematology, serum biochemistry, urinalysis, autopsy, histopathology
      and electron microscopy. The results were as follows. All animals of 1 mg/kg
      treated group died but there were no deaths in other groups. All the levels of
      doses caused vomiting and diarrhea. Furthermore, the highest dose caused bloody
      diarrhea and decreases in food consumption, motility and body weight, followed by
      death. These effects may be related to histopathological changes in mucosa of
      digestive tract. Some changes in water consumption, urine volume and renal
      histopathology were sporadically observed after treatment, but they were not
      treatment-related. These results suggest that a treatment with THP does not
      significantly cause renal disturbance. There were no treatment-related changes in
      body temperature, ophthalmoscopical observation and testicular measurement. THP
      produced flattening of T wave and prolongation of QRS interval only at high doses
      of more than 0.5 mg/kg for males and of 1 mg/kg for females but did not cause any
      histopathological or electron microscopical changes in hearts. It seems that the
      abnormalities caused by THP in ECG traces are due to the deterioration of general
      conditions rather than the direct effect on heart. High doses produce the
      significant changes in platelet, WBC, Hb, Neutro. (Seg.), Mono., Hb, RBC and
      Lymph. and further regressive changes in thymus, spleen and bone marrow. These
      results suggest that THP causes some effects on hemopoietic tissues. The sporadic
      changes in serum biochemistry and urinalysis were neither related to the
      treatment nor to the changes in organ weight, autopsy, histopathology and
      electron microscopy. Therefore, it is likely that THP does not cause
      toxicological effect on the other tissues and organs except hemopoietic tissues.

PMID- 3702062
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of cefoperazone concentration in human lung tissue].
AB  - In 11 patients, the concentration of cefoperazone (CPZ) in the lung tissue were
      studied after a 2 g intravenous bolus injection. Samples of lung tissue and blood
      were taken during surgery at 15, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240, and 300 minutes after
      administration of CPZ. All samples were assayed by the paper disc method using
      Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341 as the indicator strain. All assay results of lung
      tissue were corrected for the amount of blood contained in the tissue samples by
      the hemoglobin content in the homogenate of lung tissue. The CPZ levels in the
      lung tissue were 116.2 micrograms/g at 15 min., 94.1 micrograms/g at 30 min.,
      74.6 micrograms/g at 60 min., 67.9 micrograms/g at 120 min., 54.6 micrograms/g at
      180 min., 29.2 micrograms/g at 240 min. and 22.7 micrograms/g at 300 min. after
      administration, respectively. These values were higher than MIC90 values of CPZ
      for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and
      Enterobacteriaceae. The level of CPZ in the lung tissue was higher than 50% of
      the level in the serum until 180 minutes after administration of CPZ.

PMID- 3702064
TI  - [59th congress of the Japanese Society for Bacteriology. Nagoya, March 27-29,
      1986. Abstracts].

PMID- 3702063
TI  - [Clinical studies of cefoperazone in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].
AB  - Clinical studies of cefoperazone (CPZ) were performed in 65 patients of
      obstetrics and gynecology, and the following results were obtained. When
      comparing the fever index of cases treated by CPZ to those by another
      prophylactic antibiotics, CPZ showed the lowest level comparable to CMX and LMOX.
      Clinical effects: The effectiveness of CPZ was 75% (excellent in 3 cases, good in
      3 cases, poor in 2 cases) in 8 infectious cases. No side effects due to CPZ were
      noted.

PMID- 3702065
TI  - [Development of the fertilized egg--protein synthesis in the early phase].

PMID- 3702066
TI  - [Control of the induction of differentiation in Friend leukemia cells].

PMID- 3702067
TI  - [Abnormal nucleic acids in neoplastic cells].

PMID- 3702068
TI  - [Destruction of neoplastic cells].

PMID- 3702069
TI  - [Combined modality therapy of malignant lymphoma].

PMID- 3702070
TI  - Malignant lymphoma in Manila--a clinicopathologic study at the University of the
      Philippines-Philippine General Hospital Medical Center.
AB  - An analysis is presented of the histopathologic, clinical and prognostic features
      of malignant lymphomas (MLs) treated at the University of the Philippines
      Philippine General Hospital Medical Center, Manila, between 1975 and 1981. There
      were 434 malignant lymphomas, constituting 3.86% of all cancers studied at this
      institute during this period. Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas accounted for 82%. Among
      these, nodular lymphomas constituted 8% of the group and diffuse lymphomas 92%.
      In diffuse lymphomas, poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphomas (31%) and
      histiocytic lymphomas (30%) were predominant. Pleomorphic lymphomas, which are
      frequently observed in southwestern Japan and are now known to be a peculiar type
      of adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia, were not found in this group. Hodgkin's
      disease constituted 18% of all the malignant lymphomas, among which there were
      52% mixed cellular type and 21% lymphocytic depletion type. These data were
      correlated with those of other countries.

PMID- 3702071
TI  - Diversity of acute non-lymphocytic leukemia analyzed with monoclonal antibodies
      reactive with myeloid differentiation antigens.
AB  - The expression of myeloid differentiation antigens on acute nonlymphocytic
      leukemia cells (ANLL) was analyzed with four distinctive monoclonal antibodies
      (MoAbs); YM-1, HL-1, 20.2 and 20.3. These four MoAbs were shown to recognize
      different stages of differentiation of myeloid progenitor cells (CFU-GM) and/or
      mature myeloid cells. Consequently, leukemia cells of 68 adult patients with ANLL
      were able to be divided into four groups according to their expression of the
      antigens defined by these MoAbs: group 1 HL-1(-), YM-1(-), 20.2(-), 20.3(-) (13
      cases); group 2 HL-1(+), YM-1(-), 20.2(-), 20.3(-) (16 cases); group 3 HL-1(+),
      YM-1(+), 20.2(-), 20.3(-) (13 cases) and group 4 HL-1(+), YM-1/20.2/20.3(+/(-))
      (26 cases). This classification elucidated not only the maturation stages of ANLL
      but also the diversity of ANLL. When compared with the morphological
      classification, acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) cases (M1 and M2 of the FAB
      classification) were evenly distributed among all four groups. These data suggest
      that the AML group was composed of heterogeneous leukemias which expressed
      surface phenotypes of different maturation stages ranging from the most immature
      stage to the mature stage. In contrast, the mature type (group 4) was composed of
      not only AML (M1 and M2), but also acute monocytic leukemia (M4) and acute
      myelomonocytic leukemia (M5). The clinical courses of these 68 patients revealed
      that the complete remission rate, remission duration and survival time were not
      significantly different among the four groups.

PMID- 3702072
TI  - Primary neoplasm in a vesical diverticulum: analysis by step-sectioning.
AB  - A primary neoplasm arising in a vesical diverticulum was cystectomized and
      analyzed by step-sectioning of the whole bladder in an attempt to determine the
      carcinogenic process. Serial sections of the cystectomy specimen revealed a small
      area of mild dysplasia in the mucosa of the bladder and the diverticulum without
      a tumor. Most of the mucosal cells in the tumor-bearing diverticulum were
      desquamated, but a small area of dysplasia in the remaining cells was also
      observed.

PMID- 3702073
TI  - [Identification of the origin of ventricular tachycardia by body surface
      mapping].

PMID- 3702074
TI  - [Lymphokines in the host defense against infection].

PMID- 3702075
TI  - [Nerve conduction velocity in collagen disease].

PMID- 3702076
TI  - [An explanation of CT examinations--with special reference to the abdomen].

PMID- 3702077
TI  - [Detection of lymphocyte surface markers by the direct monoclonal antibody
      rosetting (DMAR) method using Terasaki's plate].

PMID- 3702078
TI  - [Determination of amino acids in plasma by high performance liquid
      chromatography. III. Dynamics of plasma amino acids in liver disease of
      children].

PMID- 3702079
TI  - [Clinico-pathological study of cholesterol polyp of the gallbladder].

PMID- 3702081
TI  - [Preparation of factor VII-deficient plasma].

PMID- 3702080
TI  - [Evaluation of the lymphocyte percentage measured by automated blood cell
      counters].

PMID- 3702082
TI  - [PIVKA-II in patients with liver diseases].

PMID- 3702083
TI  - [Laboratory examinations for inborn errors of metabolism].

PMID- 3702084
TI  - [Clinical laboratory examination of multiphasic health testing].

PMID- 3702085
TI  - [Population screening for cancer and diagnostic cytology].

PMID- 3702086
TI  - [The detection of anti-platelet antibody in serum using micro-ELISA].

PMID- 3702087
TI  - [Assay for activity of heparin-antithrombin III complex during treatment of DIC
      with heparin and its clinical significance].

PMID- 3702088
TI  - [Studies on urinary procoagulant assay method with chromogenic substrates (S
      2222)].

PMID- 3702089
TI  - [The properties of urinary sulfosalicylic acid soluble mucoproteins].

PMID- 3702090
TI  - [High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of gliclazide (oral
      hypoglycemic agent) in serum--trial of sensitive fluorometric determination].

PMID- 3702091
TI  - [Quantitative studies on the follicle lumen of the normal thyroid, adenoma and
      adenomatous goiter].

PMID- 3702092
TI  - [A new method to measure arterial pulse wave velocity].

PMID- 3702093
TI  - [Cumulative delta check method for detecting specimen mix-up].

PMID- 3702094
TI  - [Fatty acid composition of total lipid and mode of distribution of fatty acid in
      lipid classes of blood serum in healthy subjects].

PMID- 3702095
TI  - [Radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal cancer].

PMID- 3702096
TI  - [Multiple intracranial lipomas with partial agenesis of the corpus callosum:
      report of a case].

PMID- 3702097
TI  - [Cranial computed tomography of xeroderma pigmentosum].

PMID- 3702098
TI  - [Treatment of hemoptysis by bronchial artery embolization--a case report].

PMID- 3702099
TI  - [Calcification of the portal vein wall].

PMID- 3702100
TI  - [Calcification of the portal and splenic veins in liver cirrhosis].

PMID- 3702101
TI  - [Splenorenal shunt].

PMID- 3702102
TI  - [A case of successful transcatheter splenic arterial embolization (TSAE) in
      traumatic injury of the spleen].

PMID- 3702103
TI  - [Scintigraphic localization of metastatic neuroblastoma using 131I-MIBG].

PMID- 3702104
TI  - [A case of infiltrating angiolipoma].

PMID- 3702105
TI  - [A case of acute renal failure after angiography--with interesting CT findings].

PMID- 3702106
TI  - [A case of congenital agenesis of the gallbladder associated with right
      hypoplastic kidney and bilateral ureterocele].

PMID- 3702107
TI  - [A case of Crohn's disease of the colon with chief complaints due to ileus].

PMID- 3702108
TI  - [Niche-like protrusion in x-ray images of the colon].

PMID- 3702109
TI  - [T-type (Takada) tube set for a small intestine double contrast method].

PMID- 3702110
TI  - [Computed tomography of Wallerian degeneration].

PMID- 3702111
TI  - [Scintigraphy evaluation of bone metastases in post-operative primary lung cancer
      patients].

PMID- 3702112
TI  - [Diagnosis of pheochromocytoma by I-131 MIBG scintigraphy].

PMID- 3702113
TI  - [Computed tomography of the thymus in childhood].

PMID- 3702114
TI  - [Computed tomographic evaluation of pancreatic and peripancreatic cystic masses].

PMID- 3702115
TI  - [Clinical diagnosis of the asplenia syndrome and polysplenia syndrome by
      abdominal CT examination].

PMID- 3702117
TI  - [Radiotherapy of carcinoma of the biliary system].

PMID- 3702116
TI  - [Significance and indications in radiation therapy of patients with breast
      cancer].

PMID- 3702118
TI  - [Right upper and middle lobe torsion].

PMID- 3702119
TI  - [Quantitation of dermal elastic fibers in age-related skin. Computerized digital
      image analyses].

PMID- 3702120
TI  - [Dermatofibroma, it's clinical, histopathological and electron microscopical
      study].

PMID- 3702121
TI  - [Stereological estimation of zymogen granules in pancreatic acinar cells and its
      clinical significance].

PMID- 3702123
TI  - [A case of familial hyperlipemia with recurrent episodes of attacks like acute
      pancreatitis].

PMID- 3702122
TI  - [A case of iatrogenic hemobilia with an intrahepatic pseudoaneurysm treated
      successfully with angiographic embolization].

PMID- 3702124
TI  - [Determination of minerals in the hair from patients with chronic liver diseases
      by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry].

PMID- 3702125
TI  - [Lewis antigens in blood and saliva in alcoholic chronic pancreatitis and
      digestive system cancers].

PMID- 3702126
TI  - [Measurement of pancreatic main ductal pressure and myoelectrical study of
      papillary sphincter in monkeys].

PMID- 3702127
TI  - [Experimental studies on mechanism of gastric acid secretion--ultrastructural
      changes of parietal cells in the isolated gastric glands from guinea pigs
      stimulated with histamine].

PMID- 3702128
TI  - [Gastric mucosal hemodynamics and oxygen sufficiency in patients with liver
      cirrhosis assessed by reflectance spectrophotometry].

PMID- 3702129
TI  - [Chronological effect of histamine H2 receptor antagonist ranitidine as serum
      gastrin response in gastric ulcer patients].

PMID- 3702130
TI  - [Abnormal bile acid metabolism in patients with ileal disease and ileal resection
      -effect of oral ursodeoxycholic acid administration].

PMID- 3702131
TI  - [Urinary calculi associated with total proctocolectomy].

PMID- 3702132
TI  - [The histological and functional studies of experimental gastritis in rats].

PMID- 3702133
TI  - [Renal handling of amylase. Renal tubular reabsorption of salivary-type
      isoamylase].

PMID- 3702134
TI  - [Contact pH of the rectal mucosa in patient with ulcerative colitis].

PMID- 3702135
TI  - [Analysis of hepatic microcirculation by simultaneous monitoring of tissue
      perfusion and oxygenation].

PMID- 3702136
TI  - [Studies on cholesterosis of the common bile duct].

PMID- 3702137
TI  - [Effect of gastrin-releasing peptide on the pancreas. I. Stimulatory mechanism of
      pancreatic exocrine secretion].

PMID- 3702138
TI  - [A case of jejunal leiomyosarcoma with metastasis to the liver accompanied by
      intraperitoneal hemorrhage treated by transcatheter arterial embolization].

PMID- 3702139
TI  - [Reye's syndrome in an adult].

PMID- 3702140
TI  - [Improvement of nephrotic syndrome associated with chronic hepatitis B after
      treatment with interferon--a case report].

PMID- 3702141
TI  - [A new gastrointestinal-specific antigen prepared by a monoclonal antibody].

PMID- 3702142
TI  - [Study of concentration correction for the first pass method--application to
      right ventricular ejection fraction].

PMID- 3702143
TI  - [Radioiodinated peanut agglutinin (PNA): a potential new tumor seeking agent].

PMID- 3702144
TI  - [Discrepancy between rest and delayed Tl-201 myocardial images in stress exercise
      test].

PMID- 3702145
TI  - [Various factors affecting the measurement of serum free T3 concentration using
      radioimmunoassay].

PMID- 3702146
TI  - Simultaneous determination of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of
      chlorpromazine in the brain of mice.
AB  - The direct correlation analyses between the distribution of chlorpromazine
      (pharmacokinetics) and the biochemical effects of the drug on monoamine
      metabolisms (pharmacodynamics) are reported. Both samples for quantitative
      determination of CPZ and of monoamine transmitters and metabolites were obtained
      by organic extraction procedures from the same sample. The determinations were
      carried out by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical
      detection. CPZ affected the concentrations of metabolites of noradrenaline,
      dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine, but not those of the monoamine transmitters
      themselves. However, simultaneous assay demonstrated differences in effects of
      the drug on the transmitter systems. The concentrations of HVA and DOPAC were
      increased over a wide range of intracerebral concentrations of the drug, but
      those of MOPEG, in the range of higher concentrations. On the other hand, CPZ did
      not reveal any correlations between the intracerebral concentrations of the drug
      and 5-HIAA. These results suggest that CPZ affected primarily the dopaminergic
      system rather than the serotonergic one in the early stage of its biochemical
      actions. The proposed procedure is demonstrated to be simple and useful as a new
      approach in biochemical pharmacology. The same procedure can be applicable for
      other centrally acting drugs.

PMID- 3702147
TI  - Diabetes mellitus-induced hypersensitivity of mouse skeletal muscles to
      acetylcholine and succinylcholine.
AB  - The myopathy in skeletal muscles of genetically diabetic male KK-CAy mice or
      alloxan-induced diabetic mice was investigated. In these diabetic mice, nerve
      stimulated twitch tensions of in situ sciatic nerve-gastrocnemius muscle
      preparations were inhibited by intraarterially administered succinylcholine
      (SuCh) to a greater extent than in normal (non-diabetic) ones. Despite the high
      blood glucose level, at one week after alloxan administration, no
      hypersensitivity to SuCh was induced in mice, but mice at 2 weeks and 4 weeks
      after alloxan showed greater sensitivities. In isolated diaphragm muscles of
      diabetic KK-CAy mice, the acetylcholine (ACh, iontophoretically applied)
      potential amplitude was greater than in KK-CAy prediabetic muscles. SuCh in
      diabetic KK-CAy muscles inhibited ACh potentials to a greater extent than in
      normal ddY muscles. Hill coefficients obtained from the inhibition curve by SuCh
      of the nerve-stimulation response were decreased by the diabetic state. The
      sensitivities to d-tubocurarine and alpha-bungarotoxin were the same in both
      kinds of muscles. Both extrajunctional ACh receptors in denervated muscles of
      normal ddY and diabetic KK-CAy mice revealed the lower sensitivity to SuCh than
      junctional receptors in non-denervated normal muscles. In conclusion, diabetic
      muscles showed the hypersensitivity restricted to SuCh. These phenomena are
      neither due to glycosylation nor to denervation supersensitivity.

PMID- 3702148
TI  - Time course of the development of pre- and postjunctional supersensitivity in the
      rabbit ear artery after decentralization.
AB  - Changes in the sensitivity of the rabbit ear artery to exogenous norepinephrine
      and potassium and to sympathetic nerve electrical stimulation were examined in
      vitro following decentralization which was performed by removing the unilateral
      preganglionic nerve proximal to the superior cervical ganglion. The contralateral
      side was left intact as a control. The postjunctional supersensitivity to
      exogenous norepinephrine and potassium had fully developed one week after the
      decentralization and was sustained for at least 8 weeks; the arteries
      decentralized for 1-8 weeks were about 2.1- and 1.3-fold supersensitive to
      norepinephrine and potassium, respectively, as compared with the contralateral
      control arteries. The frequency-response curve of the electrically stimulated
      decentralized artery shifted gradually to the left of the control within weeks
      after decentralization. Since the response to electrical stimulation was
      attributed to endogenous norepinephrine released from the sympathetic nerve
      terminals within the adventitial-medial junction, the leftward shift of the
      frequency-response curve in the decentralized artery probably reflects a gradual
      increase in the released norepinephrine per pulse by electrical stimulation,
      i.e., the prejunctional supersensitivity to electrical stimulation. It is
      concluded that the prejunctional sympathetic supersensitivity to electrical
      stimulation develops slower than the postjunctional nonspecific supersensitivity
      in the rabbit ear artery. The change in the sensitivity of the denervated
      postganglionic neuron, including the superior cervical ganglion is also discussed
      with regard to the "law of denervation supersensitivity".

PMID- 3702149
TI  - Differences in acquisition of discrete lever-press and shuttle avoidance
      responses in 6 strains of mice.
AB  - Characteristics of the acquisition processes of discrete lever-press and shuttle
      avoidance responses (intertrial interval = 25 sec, warning duration = 5 sec with
      an escape contingency, and 1 session = 1 hr training/day) as well as those of the
      ambulatory activity were investigated in 6 strains of mice (dd, ICR, BALB/c,
      C57BL/6, C3H/He and DBA/2). In the lever-press avoidance situation, the dd,
      BALB/c and DBA/2 strains demonstrated a good avoidance response, showing average
      avoidance rates of higher than 80% within 10-15 sessions of the training. The
      C3H/He also demonstrated a good avoidance response, though 20 sessions or more of
      the training were required to attain to the level. The ICR and C57BL/6 strains
      demonstrated a poorer avoidance response than the other 4 strains, and achieved
      average avoidance rates of 30-40%. The dd, BALB/c, C3H/He and DBA/2 strains also
      demonstrated a good shuttle avoidance response when they were trained in an
      experimental box of 50 cm in width. In contrast, the ICR and C57BL/6 strains
      demonstrated an extremely poor avoidance response in this situation, showing an
      average avoidance rate of less than 10%. However, when the dd, ICR and C57BL/6
      strains were trained in a shuttle box of 30 cm in width, they rapidly acquired
      the avoidance response, and the average avoidance rates finally achieved were
      much higher than those of the mice trained in the shuttle box of 50 cm in width.
      In particular, the C57BL/6 strain exhibited the best avoidance response among the
      3 strains. The ambulatory activity of the C57BL/6 strain was less than those of
      the other 5 strains.

PMID- 3702150
TI  - Effects of 15(R)-15-methyl prostaglandin E2 (arbaprostil) on gastric secretion
      and various gastric lesions induced in rats.
AB  - We studied the effects of 15(R)-15-methyl prostaglandin E2 (arbaprostil) on
      gastric secretion and various acute and chronic gastric lesions produced in rats.
      Arbaprostil significantly inhibited gastric secretion in 4 hr-pylorus-ligated
      preparations when given intraduodenally in a dose of 30 or 100 micrograms/kg. The
      agent, however, significantly stimulated gastric secretion of rats with either a
      ligated or intact pylorus when given orally in doses of 3-100 micrograms/kg.
      Orally administered arbaprostil dose-dependently prevented the development of HCI
      ethanol-, histamine-, water-immersion stress-, or indomethacin-induced gastric
      erosions. Intraduodenally administered arbaprostil also dose-dependently
      prevented the development of aspirin-induced gastric erosions in pylorus-ligated
      rats. Arbaprostil, given orally in doses of 1-100 micrograms/kg twice daily for 2
      weeks, had little or no effect on the healing of acetic acid-induced gastric
      ulcers. However, oral administration of the agent in a dose of 3 or 10
      micrograms/kg twice daily for 4 weeks significantly accelerated the healing of
      acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers. The increase in doses up to 100 micrograms/kg
      twice daily for 4 weeks had no effect on ulcer healing. These results indicate
      that arbaprostil, at either antisecretory or even acid stimulating doses, is
      effective in preventing the development of acute gastric erosions and in
      accelerating the healing of chronic gastric ulcers.

PMID- 3702151
TI  - Effects of cytochrome b5 on aniline hydroxylation catalyzed by a reconstituted
      system containing acetone or 2,2'-bipyridine.
AB  - Cytochrome b5 did not exert any effect on NADPH-dependent aniline hydroxylation
      in the absence of acetone or 2,2'-bipyridine, whereas cytochrome b5 exhibited a
      stimulatory effect on the reaction in the presence of acetone or 2,2'-bipyridine.
      In addition, cytochrome b5 did not have any significant effect on the cumene
      hydroperoxide-dependent reaction in the presence of acetone or 2,2'-bipyridine.

PMID- 3702153
TI  - The Japanese Pharmacological Society: the 59th general meeting. Niigata, April 1
      4, 1986. Abstracts.

PMID- 3702152
TI  - Modification of cisplatin toxicity by antioxidants.
AB  - cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum II (cisplatin) is a potent anticancer
      chemotherapeutic agent. The major limitation in its use is nephrotoxicity, caused
      by an unknown mechanism. Injection of cisplatin into rats caused a decrease in
      body weight and an increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN). These effects were
      modified by giving a radical scavenger, alpha-tocopherol, before the cisplatin
      injection. N-N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, another powerful radical scavenger,
      also attenuated the increase in BUN induced by cisplatin. These results suggest
      that the toxic effects of cisplatin may be related to free radical induced
      damage.

PMID- 3702154
TI  - [Reconstruction of the trachea and bronchus].

PMID- 3702155
TI  - [An experience of bronchial collateral interception by transcatheter embolization
      after repair of extreme tetralogy of Fallot].

PMID- 3702156
TI  - [Surgical repair of coarctation of the aorta in the extremely premature infant].

PMID- 3702157
TI  - [Serous fluid leakage following systemic-to-pulmonary shunt operations using
      expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (EPTFE) tubular grafts].

PMID- 3702158
TI  - [Aortic implantation and mitral annuloplasty in children with an anomalous origin
      of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery].

PMID- 3702159
TI  - [A case report of successful reoperation of recurrent aortic coarctation between
      the left carotid artery and left subclavian artery].

PMID- 3702160
TI  - [A case of atrial septal defect associated with fistulous connections of sinus
      node artery to the right atrium].

PMID- 3702161
TI  - [Ventricular septal perforation complicating myocardial infarction: report of 2
      cases in the aged].

PMID- 3702162
TI  - [A case of pulmonary chondroma].

PMID- 3702163
TI  - [A case of right atrial myxoma in a newborn infant].

PMID- 3702164
TI  - [Primary pulmonary leiomyosarcoma--report of a case].

PMID- 3702166
TI  - [The problem of temperature correction of values measured by the blood gas
      analyzer].

PMID- 3702165
TI  - [A case of idiopathic fibrosing mediastinitis with superior vena cava syndrome].

PMID- 3702167
TI  - [A protector for the prevention of sternal fracture following median sternotomy].

PMID- 3702168
TI  - [Pitfalls in the diagnosis and treatment of hyperosmolar non-ketotic diabetic
      coma following open heart surgery].

PMID- 3702169
TI  - [A case of endocardial resection for the treatment of ventricular arrhythmia with
      left ventricular aneurysm].

PMID- 3702170
TI  - [A case of chondrosarcoma of the sternum].

PMID- 3702171
TI  - [Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection to the azygous vein with intact
      atrial septum].

PMID- 3702172
TI  - [A successful case of supraarterial myotomy for myocardial bridging].

PMID- 3702173
TI  - [Benign schwannoma of the intrathoracic vagus nerve].

PMID- 3702174
TI  - [Report of a case with successful one-stage operation for ASr and iatrogenic
      pseudoaneurysm of rt. subclavian artery].

PMID- 3702175
TI  - [Rhabdomyosarcoma of the left ventricle].

PMID- 3702176
TI  - [Total anomalous pulmonary venous return of mixed type].

PMID- 3702177
TI  - [Surgical treatment of mitral regurgitation caused by mitral valve prolapse--a
      comparative evaluation of mitral valve replacement and valve repair].

PMID- 3702178
TI  - [Limitation of IABP and application of ventricular assist device in treatment of
      profound heart failure].

PMID- 3702179
TI  - [Pending stand by-IABP and pending stand by LVAD (time loss and MOF)].

PMID- 3702180
TI  - [Clinical and hemodynamic evaluation of IABP and LVAD].

PMID- 3702181
TI  - [Clinical application of left ventricular assist device].

PMID- 3702182
TI  - Ultrastructural studies on muscular atrophy in Marek's disease. I. Denervation
      atrophy in chicken skeletal muscle. A light and electron microscopic study.

PMID- 3702183
TI  - Ultrastructural studies on muscular atrophy in Marek's disease. II. Muscular
      lesions in spontaneous cases.

PMID- 3702184
TI  - [Use of ATP to arrest supraventricular tachycardias].

PMID- 3702185
TI  - [Changes in the ECG related to alcohol drinking and its abuse].

PMID- 3702186
TI  - [Heart rate and arterial pressure among workers in different categories of heavy
      labor].

PMID- 3702187
TI  - [Non-invasive diagnosis of congenital aortic bicuspid valve in adults].

PMID- 3702188
TI  - [Various recommendations for obese patients].

PMID- 3702189
TI  - [Indications for implantation of a permanent artificial cardiac pacemaker].

PMID- 3702190
TI  - [Apropos of the article by Iu. I. Dan'ko, Iu. I. Kuznetsov and V. G. Loginov,
      "Effect of positive emotions on the T wave amplitude of the ECG of athletes with
      myocardial dystrophy as a result of chronic physical overexertion"].

PMID- 3702191
TI  - [Congestive cardiomyopathy (pathologo-anatomic study of the heart)].
AB  - A pathomorphologic study of 40 cases of congestive cardiomyopathy (CCMP)
      demonstrated that circulatory insufficiency was the cause of death in 70% of
      cases, while sudden death occurred in 25%. Morphometric investigation identified
      3 CCMP patterns: cardiosclerosis-free and accompanied with small-focal (diffuse)
      and large-focal cardiosclerosis. The mean duration of the disease and the mean
      age at death were the smallest in the cardiosclerosis-free group where the
      dilatation of heart cavities was found to be the greatest. A direct relationship
      was demonstrated between the duration of the disease and the myocardial fibrous
      tissue content. Blood flow deceleration due to circulatory insufficiency in CCMP
      cases was shown to be conducive to thrombogenesis both in heart cavities, and in
      minor pulmonary arteries and myocardial veins.

PMID- 3702193
TI  - [Variants of the echocardiographic picture of chronic alcoholics in the early
      stages of the disease].
AB  - An M-echocardiographic study of 72 young patients (mean age: 33.8 years) with
      second- or third-stage chronic alcoholism revealed asymmetric and symmetric left
      ventricular hypertrophy and increased myocardial weight in a large proportion of
      the cases so that two echocardiographic patterns could be identified in patients
      with early chronic alcoholism.

PMID- 3702192
TI  - [Senile amyloidosis of the heart].
AB  - A morphologic study of 376 hearts from individuals who died between 75 and 98
      years of age demonstrated senile amyloidosis of the heart in 307 (82%) of the
      cases, using the Congo red stains for polarized light studies and the thiosine
      red for luminescent microscopy. The frequency of cardiac amyloidosis detection
      increased with age, and reached 100% in those above 90. Clinico-anatomical
      correlations showed repolarization changes to be the most common findings (80%),
      followed by arrhythmia (over 50%), conductivity disorders and reduced voltage of
      electrocardiographic waves. Chronic heart failure was less common (about 10%). In
      most cases, moderately marked coronary atherosclerosis was also found at autopsy.
      Amyloidosis was thought to be making a more significant contribution towards
      myocardial lesions, as compared to atherosclerosis, in elderly people above 85
      years of age.

PMID- 3702194
TI  - [Features of the course and evaluation of the efficacy of surgical treatment of
      adhesive pericarditis with constriction].
AB  - Two groups of patients with constrictive pericarditis were identified on the
      basis of clinical and instrumental examination including echocardiography and
      computerized tomography of the heart: patients with complete obliteration of the
      pericardial sac and constriction, and those with exudative/adhesive pericarditis
      and constriction. Part of the patients were subjected to subtotal pericardectomy.
      An improvement of left-ventricular diastolic function and hemodynamic parameters
      was demonstrated 1 to 1.5 months after the operation. Postoperative
      echocardiography showed persistent disorders of interventricular septum movement
      and multilayer abnormal echoes in the left-ventricular posterior wall area.

PMID- 3702195
TI  - [Use of lipostabil to correct lipid metabolism disorders in patients with
      ischemic heart disease].
AB  - A comparative study of biochemical and immunologic patterns showed lipostabil
      treatment to be effective in less than half of the patients with unstable angina.
      A method is developed for in vitro testing of individual blood mononuclear
      sensitivity to lipostabil effects. The proposed set of biochemical and immune
      assays allows the selection of patients subject to lipostabil treatment and
      provides additional criteria for the assessment of its efficiency.

PMID- 3702196
TI  - [Laser angioplasty: effect of laser energy on human coronary arteries].
AB  - An experimental study of rationed action of laser emission energy (LEE) on human
      coronary arteries (autopsy specimens) identified major aspects of LEE interaction
      with biological tissues of atherosclerotically-affected vessels under "dry" and
      "wet" conditions. An impulse laser with a 1.06 micron wave-length was used as the
      LEE source. The results suggest that controlled LEE action on atherosclerotically
      affected vessels for recanalization purposes (laser angioplasty) may prove a
      promising approach to the treatment of cardiovascular occlusions.

PMID- 3702197
TI  - [Problems and prospects for the training of cardiology specialists in the USSR].

PMID- 3702198
TI  - [Value of determination of myoglobin concentration in blood in the diagnosis and
      prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction].
AB  - Seventy-seven patients with large-focal myocardial infarction (MI), admitted to
      the intensive-care ward within 5 hours after the attack, were studied. Their
      serum myoglobin (MG) levels and MB CPK activity were monitored through 3 or 4
      days of the disease. All MI patients showed a considerable rise in their serum MG
      within the first hours of infarction. In addition to its high diagnostic value,
      the measurement of serum MG can be helpful in assessing the severity and
      prognosis of the disease. The obtained evidence of a high linear dependence
      between cumulative MB CPK activity and the area under the MG curve, as well as a
      high correlation coefficient between the areas under serum MG and MB CPK curves,
      point in favor of using MG levels as a measure of the extent of the necrotic
      focus.

PMID- 3702199
TI  - [Effect of physical loading on serum enzyme activity in post-myocardial infarct
      patients].
AB  - The study of patterns of serum AST, ALT, CPK, LDH, and glycogen phosphorylase
      (GP) activity following bicycle ergometry in 26 male patients 1 to 1.5 months
      after myocardial infarction demonstrated no increase in AST, ALT and CPK
      activity, whereas total LDH activity was increased, with a tendency to elevated
      LDH-1 and LDH-2 fractions, as compared to the baseline, in those cases where
      exercise was discontinued because of ST depression. Patients with favorable
      response to bicycle ergometry that continued until the submaximum heart rate for
      a given age was achieved showed a tendency to elevated LDH-5 that may be a
      physiological response to exercise. The demonstrated increase in total GP
      activity, both in patients with exercise-induced ST depression and in those with
      elevated ST from the leads corresponding to the site of myocardial infarction,
      may reflect stress-induced reversible ischemia.

PMID- 3702200
TI  - [Features of the hemodynamics of myocardial infarct patients undergoing the most
      widely used rehabilitation programs].
AB  - Integrated body rheography, radiocardiography and radionuclide ventriculography
      were used to investigate hemodynamic changes in 101 myocardial infarction
      patients during the hospital stage of the disease. Changes in major hemodynamic
      parameters were demonstrated by the end of the 1st week and when walking was
      resumed. At the resumed-walking stage, the mechanism of declining stroke and
      cardiac indices was shown to depend on physical activation rates. Hemodynamic
      response is mostly conditioned by myocardial insufficiency when walking is
      resumed rapidly during the 2nd week, and by smaller venous return due to
      hypovolemia where it is resumed slowly during the 4th week. Expanding motion
      regimens at slow rates results in persistent hemodynamic disturbances in
      myocardial infarction patients.

PMID- 3702201
TI  - [Condition of the tissue oxygen regime of patients with essential hypertension
      with different types of hemodynamics].
AB  - Systemic and regional hemodynamic parameters were investigated using
      echocardiography, venous-occlusion plethysomography, and tissue oxygen regimen
      was studied polargraphically, in 51 patients with essential hypertension. Tissue
      oxygen supply becomes increasingly inadequate as the disease progresses, as
      reflected in limited oxygen delivery to tissues, its reduced utilization, and
      smaller reserve capacities of oxygen transport at the microcirculatory level. In
      patients with hyperkinetic circulation, increased blood stroke volume was
      combined with a significant increase in baseline tissue oxygen tension and the
      capillary-to-tissue oxygen diffusion rate, while changes in the resistive
      vascular element were basically functional. Changes in regional hemodynamics and
      tissue oxygen supply were particularly severe in patients with hypokinetic
      circulation.

PMID- 3702202
TI  - [Isolated coronary stenosis: clinical picture, contractile function of the left
      ventricle and central hemodynamics].
AB  - Clinical manifestations of coronary disease, medical history, left-ventricular
      segmental contractility and central hemodynamics were examined in 54 patients,
      aged 32 to 45, with an isolated 75-99% stenosis of a major coronary artery. The
      most common isolated stenosis in the anterior interventricular branch (AIVB) of
      the left coronary artery is associated with more severe clinical coronary
      symptoms. Total damage to the coronary channel is twice as great where AIVB is
      affected as it is with lesions of the right (RCA) or the circumflex (CA) coronary
      artery. AIVB stenosis results in more serious disorders of left-ventricular
      segmental contractility and central hemodynamics, with the end diastolic index
      showing the most dramatic rise. Isolated AIVB stenosis is associated with a
      higher risk of myocardial infarction, as compared to the RCA or CA stenosis.

PMID- 3702203
TI  - [Evaluation of the cardiorespiratory system during rehabilitation of patients
      after prosthesis of the mitral and annuloplasty of the tricuspid valves].
AB  - Twenty-five patients undergoing rehabilitation for 2 to 3 years after surgery
      were examined. External respiratory parameters were investigated by means of
      bicycle spiroergometry, and the pump and contractile functions of the heart were
      assessed using tetrapolar chest rheography. In addition to positive clinical
      developments and improved functional class, physical working capacity of the
      patients was found to be increased. External respiratory function was improved
      accordingly. The efficacy of surgical correction of the defect was evidenced
      early after surgery by the normalization of minute flow volume and only slightly
      reduced stroke volume at rest. Hemodynamic support of physical working capacity
      that increases progressively in the course of rehabilitation is characterized by
      overstrain of inotropic mechanisms, uneconomically increased minute volume, and
      insufficiently increased stroke volume, mostly due to the incompetence of the
      Frank-Starling mechanism associated with tachycardia that is inadequate to the
      effort.

PMID- 3702204
TI  - [Effect of alternating pressure on thrombin-stimulated thrombocytes].
AB  - The effect of alternating pressure on circulating platelet function was studied
      with particular reference to changes in platelet shape, aggregation and release
      reaction, MDA synthesis and intracellular calcium redistribution. Pressure
      effects were dependent on the magnitude of pressure impulses, platelet suspension
      storage time and the interval between the exposure to pressure and the challenge
      of platelets.

PMID- 3702205
TI  - [Electric potential of the erythrocyte membrane in essential hypertension and
      symptomatic hypertensions].
AB  - Electric potential was studied in erythrocytes of patients with essential (20)
      and renal (16) hypertension and in those with the Icenko-Cushing disease (9
      patients) by means of fluorescent dye diS-D3-(5). A decrease of membrane
      potential was found in erythrocytes of essentially hypertensive patients as
      compared to the normotensive controls (27). No differences were demonstrated in
      the values of membrane potential between normotensive individuals and patients
      with secondary hypertension.

PMID- 3702206
TI  - A role for oxygen free radicals in aminonucleoside nephrosis.
AB  - The cellular processes responsible for the proteinuria induced by the
      aminonucleoside of puromycin (PA) remain inadequately defined. Hypoxanthine is
      both a metabolic breakdown product of PA as well as a substrate for xanthine
      oxidase, which catalyzes its enzymatic conversion to xanthine and uric acid,
      yielding the superoxide anion in the process. We examined whether oxygen free
      radical production contributes to the development of proteinuria in this model.
      Seven groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were studied. Proteinuria was
      quantitated and histology examined 7 days after rats were treated with PA
      intravenously over 5 min. PA-treated animals received either saline, dimethyl
      sulfoxide, superoxide dismutase, or catalase over 30 min prior to and 30 min
      following PA administration. Another group received allopurinol over 4 hr prior
      to PA. The superoxide dismutase and allopurinol treatment groups had a
      significant suppression of urinary protein excretion compared to the PA control
      group. There were also less severe glomerular morphologic changes in the
      superoxide dismutase group vs. the PA controls, which demonstrated a pathologic
      pattern that included epithelial cell blebbing, segmental mesangial cell
      proliferation and matrix expansion, loss of glomerular capillary lumina, and
      occasional adhesions between the glomerular tuft and Bowman's capsule. The
      allopurinol group exhibited normal glomerular morphology on light microscopy,
      with the exception of occasional epithelial cell blebs. All groups showed
      spreading of the epithelial cell cytoplasm along the glomerular basement membrane
      with loss of foot processes, focal areas of lifting of the epithelial cell from
      the glomerular basement membrane, cytoplasmic vacuolization, and protein
      reabsorption droplets; however, allopurinol-treated animals demonstrated these
      changes to a lesser extent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3702207
TI  - Effects of indomethacin on glomerular hemodynamics in experimental diabetes.
AB  - The glomerular hemodynamics were studied in streptozotocin diabetic rats 3 months
      after the induction and in age-matched normal animals. Indomethacin infusion
      failed to cause changes in glomerular hemodynamics in normal rats but produced
      striking effects in the diabetic rats: The afferent arteriolar hydraulic
      resistance increased substantially while the efferent resistance rose moderately
      causing large reductions in single nephron blood flow and in the hydraulic
      pressure in the glomerular capillaries. Consequently, single nephron glomerular
      filtration rate (SNGFR) was reduced significantly below normal. The
      ultrafiltration coefficient of the glomerular membrane was significantly lower in
      the diabetic than in the normal animals (2.8 versus 5.0 nl min-1 mm Hg-1) and
      remained unchanged during indomethacin infusion. Our results suggest that the
      prostaglandin system compensates for the changes in the glomerular hemodynamics
      induced by diabetes by reducing the arteriolar resistances to increase the
      glomerular capillary pressure making it possible to maintain normal values of
      SNGFR and nephron blood flow.

PMID- 3702208
TI  - Modification of renal cortical subcellular membrane phospholipids induced by
      mercuric chloride.
AB  - Administration of mercuric chloride (HgCl2, 6 mg/kg) to rabbits produced renal
      failure, with changes in serum creatinine from 1.01 +/- 1 in controls to 6.46 +/-
      0.91 mg/dl 24 hr after administration. Mitochondria isolated from HgCl2-treated
      rabbits exhibited alterations in acceptor control ratios, with reduction to 1.9
      +/- 0.2 from 3.9 +/- 1.2 in controls. Ultrastructurally, the mitochondria showed
      swelling and loss of inner mitochondrial membranes. Total lipids from
      mitochondria of control and treated rabbits were obtained by modified Folch
      extraction and phospholipids analyzed by TLC. Brush border membranes and
      basolateral membranes were prepared from control and HgCl2-treated kidneys 2 and
      24 hr after HgC12 administration. At 24 hr mitochondria showed a 36% fall in
      phosphatidylcholine (PC), a 36% fall in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and a 27%
      fall in cardiolipin. Brush border showed a decrease in phosphatidylserine (PS) of
      29% and in PE of 40%. The basolateral membranes showed a reduction only in PE of
      35%. At 2 hr post HgCl2, early changes are confined to the BBM and consist of a
      reduction in PE in this membrane. This changes in membrane phospholipids may be
      important in the functional derangements that occur at the cellular level after
      HgCl2 administration.

PMID- 3702209
TI  - Long-term renal responses to high dietary protein in dogs with 75% nephrectomy.
AB  - It has been proposed that ingestion of large amounts of dietary protein leads to
      sustained renal hyperperfusion and progressive glomerulosclerosis in rats. This
      hypothesis was tested in dogs, with 75% reduction in renal mass, maintained for 4
      years on either 56, 27, or 19% dietary protein. Twelve of 21 dogs survived 4
      years, and death due to renal failure was not correlated to diet. Dogs fed 56 and
      27% protein had increased GFR and CPAH before and after reduction of renal mass
      compared to the 19% group. A pattern of deterioration of renal function,
      including proteinuria, was not found in any diet group. Nine of 11 dogs, fed 56,
      27, or 19% protein had minimal glomerular lesions, including mesangial
      proliferation, GBM irregularities, adhesions, and sclerosis. Two other dogs, fed
      56% protein, had more severe glomerular lesions. No significant ultrastructural
      differences were found in glomeruli among the three diet groups. These results do
      not support the hypothesis that high protein feeding had a significant adverse
      effect on either renal function of morphology in dogs with 75% nephrectomy.

PMID- 3702210
TI  - Tubuloglomerular feedback and glomerular morphology in Goldblatt hypertensive
      rats on varying protein diets.
AB  - The present experiments were performed to examine the effect of variation in
      protein intake on renal function and morphology in the non-clipped kidneys of
      Goldblatt hypertensive rats. After renal artery clipping, rats were put on diets
      containing 5 (LP), 17.5 (NP), or 51% (HP) protein. After 4 to 5 weeks, all rats
      had developed hypertension. GFR was directly correlated with protein intake (1.47
      +/- 0.15 in HP, 1.19 +/- 0.14 in NP, and 0.93 +/- 0.08 ml/min in LP), as was
      SNGFR (44.2 +/- 1.89, 39.1 +/- 2.23, and 27.9 +/- 0.86 nl/min in HP, NP, and LP
      rats). The response of SNGFR to changes in loop of Henle flow rate was attenuated
      in NP and HP rats: the maximum decrease was reduced (30.0 +/- 5.2% in NP, 22.1 +/
      4.2% in HP) and higher tubular flow rates were required to elicit responses
      (V1/2, the flow rate at which the response is half-maximum, was 28.9 +/- 2.6
      nl/min in NP and 28.2 +/- 1.4 nl/min in HP). In LP rats, the maximum response was
      a decrease of 47.7 +/- 2.5%, and V1/2 was 18.1 +/- 1.2 nl/min, values similar to
      those found in normal control rats. The weights of the non-clipped kidneys were
      0.96 +/- 0.04 g (LP), 1.06 +/- 0.05 g (NP), and 1.36 +/- 0.06 g (HP). In the LP
      rats there was no difference between the non-clipped and clipped kidneys. Light
      microscopic evaluation showed a high incidence of focal glomerulosclerosis in non
      clipped kidneys of HP rats, but no glomerular lesions in the non-clipped kidneys
      of LP rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3702212
TI  - Toward individual prognosis of IgA nephropathy.
AB  - The individual prognosis of adult IgA nephropathy patients was studied using the
      proportional hazards model for the time from biopsy until endstage renal disease.
      After selection of the most relevant prognostic factors, the 75 patients were
      stratified with respect to hypertension and its treatment. In these strata,
      individual prognosis was based on the initial age-adjusted glomerular filtration
      rate, the initial proteinuria, the presence/absence of gross hematuria, and the
      presence/absence of microscopic hematuria. Using the scores of a patient on these
      variables, the probability of surviving any given period of time can be estimated
      either graphically or by calculation. Prediction is feasible up to about 10
      years. Attention has been given to supply all relevant estimates with confidence
      limits. For each patient the estimated 5-year survival probability as predicted
      by the model was compared with the actual outcome.

PMID- 3702211
TI  - Lipid alterations in LLC-PK1 cells exposed to mercuric chloride.
AB  - We have studied the effects of HgCl2 on the lipids of LLC-PK1 (pig kidney)
      epithelial cells. Our results show that treatment of cells with HgCl2 caused a
      rapid accumulation of unesterified fatty acids (particularly arachidonic acid)
      and lysophospholipids. A 27-fold increase in unesterified arachidonic acid and a
      17-fold increase in lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) was accompanied by a 26%
      decline in the mass of phosphatidylethanolamine as determined by gas
      chromatography and lipid phosphorus assay. Similar changes were seen following
      HgCl2 treatment of cells whose lipids were labelled with 14C stearic acid, 3H
      arachidonic acid, or 14C acetate, but the radiolabelling techniques also
      identified an increased content of label in lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and a
      corresponding decrease in phosphatidylcholine. These alterations were accompanied
      by the formation of blebs on the plasma membrane and irreversible injury as
      indicated by electron microscopy. The possible role of unesterified fatty acids
      in the pathogenesis of injury was studied by adding fatty acids to the cells. The
      addition of unsaturated fatty acids (oleic, linoleic, or arachidonic acids) to
      the cells caused plasma membrane blebbing and loss of viability. Similarly, the
      addition of LPC or LPE to the cells resulted in cell death; however, plasma
      membrane blebbing did not result.

PMID- 3702213
TI  - Glomerular IgA deposition in pulmonary diseases.
AB  - Glomerular changes of 70 cases of pulmonary diseases and 25 control cases among
      1100 consecutive autopsy cases were studied by light, immunofluorescence, and
      electron microscopy. These pulmonary diseases consisted of 11 cases of chronic
      obstructive bronchiolitis (COB), 15 cases of bronchopneumonia, 4 cases of acute
      interstitial pneumonia, 22 cases of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP), and
      18 cases of lung cancer free from IIP. Bacteriological examination of the lung
      was performed in these cases including control cases on autopsy. Mesangial IgA
      deposition was predominant in 25 out of the 70 study cases (36%) frequently
      accompanied by C3, whereas slight mesangial IgA deposition was observed in one of
      the control cases. Incidence of IgA deposition was 64% in IIP, 54.5% in COB,
      13.3% in bronchopneumonia, 16.7% in lung cancer and 25% in acute interstitial
      pneumonia. The results of the present study suggest that recurrence or
      persistence of inflammatory processes of the lung leads to IgA-mediated immune
      abnormalities and to mild mesangial changes with predominant IgA deposition,
      which are similar to the immunopathologic features of IgA nephropathy.

PMID- 3702214
TI  - Effect of dietary protein intake on albumin homeostasis in nephrotic patients.
AB  - Animals with experimental renal disease maintained on diets restricted in protein
      develop less severe renal lesions and less proteinuria than do animals maintained
      on a normal or high protein diet. To determine whether restriction of dietary
      protein will reduce urinary albumin excretion in patients with established
      nephrosis and whether such dietary restriction will result in decreased albumin
      pools, we performed paired studies on nine nephrotic patients. They were fed
      sequential diets with a protein content of 1.6 and then 0.8 g/kg body wt, each
      for 2 weeks. Caloric intake remained constant at 35 Kcal/kg. In six patients the
      high protein diet was fed first; in three the order of dietary administration was
      reversed. Urinary albumin excretion was reduced on the low protein diet in all
      patients regardless of dietary order. Both the renal clearance of albumin and the
      fractional renal albumin clearance were reduced significantly on the low protein
      diet. The rate of albumin synthesis was greater on the high protein diet, but so
      was the rate of albuminuria. Despite the higher rate of albumin synthesis during
      the period of high protein intake, serum albumin concentration and plasma albumin
      mass were both less than during the period of low protein intake. Thus, dietary
      protein restriction in patients with established nephrosis results in decreased
      urinary albumin excretion in excess of any reduction in creatinine clearance.
      Total albumin mass is preserved and plasma albumin mass is actually increased
      during the period of dietary protein restriction. Protein restriction may be
      feasible in nephrotic patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3702215
TI  - Procoagulant activity in normal human urine associated with subcellular
      particles.
AB  - Procoagulant activity (PCA) in normal human urine was found to be sedimented by
      centrifugation at X 100,000g. Therefore, studies were done to identify the
      structures associated with the procoagulant activity. Transmission electron
      microscopy of the X 100,000g pellet revealed numerous membrane-bound vesicles as
      well as fibrous material. Filtration of normal urine through a 0.2-micron filter
      removed more than 90% of the procoagulant activity. Scanning electron microscopy
      of the filter surface revealed 0.1 to 1.1 micron particles and fibrous material.
      By centrifugation at pH 3 and 5 the fibrous material and particles were
      separated. The procoagulant activity remained with the particles in each case.
      The fibrous material was shown to be Tamm-Horsfall protein by SDS-PAGE and
      Western blotting using anti-Tamm-Horsfall protein serum. Purified Tamm-Horsfall
      protein itself was not procoagulant. Therefore, PCA in normal human urine is
      associated with particles 0.1 to 1.1 micron in diameter which appear to be lipid
      membranes in various arrangements.

PMID- 3702216
TI  - Renal and cardiovascular dysfunction in liver disease.

PMID- 3702217
TI  - Abstracts: Italian Society of Nephrology. Lecce, Italy, June 12-15, 1985.

PMID- 3702218
TI  - The effects of daily cyclophosphamide administration on the development and
      extent of primary experimental interstitial nephritis in rats.
AB  - We examined the effects of daily cyclophosphamide administration on the
      development and extent of tubulointerstitial nephritis produced in rats injected
      with tubular basement membranes in adjuvant. 15 mg/kg/day of cyclophosphamide
      completely blocked the development of interstitial lesions, while 2 mg/kg/day
      enhanced the degree of interstitial injury. When cyclophosphamide in the higher
      dose was started early in disease, 12 days after immunization, protection from
      progression was also observed as well as significant reductive improvement. If
      cyclophosphamide was administered late in disease, 21 days after immunization, no
      further progression was demonstrable, but substantial injury remained. In the
      latter two experiments, the beneficial effects of cyclophosphamide could not be
      explained by a reduction in anti-tubular basement membrane antibodies bound to
      the kidney. In groups of immunized rats that were tested, however,
      cyclophosphamide was able to non-specifically impair the delayed-type
      hypersensitivity response to tubular antigen and PPD. We conclude, therefore,
      that cyclophosphamide, in high but not low dosage, if given before damage is
      extensive and prolonged, may successfully inhibit the cellular immune response
      producing primary interstitial nephritis.

PMID- 3702219
TI  - Hematopoietic inhibitors in chronic renal failure: lack of in vitro specificity.
AB  - To assess the potential role of retained inhibitors in the pathogenesis of the
      anemia of chronic renal failure, we have studied simultaneously the effects of
      increasing concentrations of normal or uremic sera on the growth of erythroid
      colonies (from CFU-E), granulocyte-macrophage colonies (from CFU-GM), and
      megakaryocytic colonies (from CFU-Meg) in mouse marrow cell cultures. As compared
      to normal human serum, increasing concentrations of uremic sera induced a dose
      dependent inhibition in the growth of all colony types. Significant correlations
      (P less than 0.001) were found between the ability of any individual uremic serum
      to support CFU-E, CFU-GM, and CFU-Meg growth, and, whenever significant
      inhibition was seen, all three progenitor types were affected. The inhibitory
      effect on CFU-E growth was significantly greater (P less than 0.01) in patients
      with serum creatinine concentrations greater than or equal to 7 mg/dl, but no
      correlation was found between CFU-E inhibition and hematocrit. Likewise,
      inhibition of CFU-GM and CFU-Meg growth was not associated with leukopenia or
      thrombocytopenia, respectively. Sera from patients undergoing chronic
      intermittent hemodialysis were assayed before and after one hemodialysis session.
      In each case, the degree of inhibition of CFU-E and CFU-GM growth decreased after
      hemodialysis, but improvement in CFU-Meg growth was more variable. These data
      indicate that uremic sera contain dialyzable inhibitors of in vitro hematopoiesis
      which increase with the severity of renal dysfunction, but these inhibitors lack
      specificity. If uremic inhibitors of erythropoiesis are of pathophysiologic
      significance in vivo, there must be unrecognized repair mechanisms for
      granulopoiesis and thrombopoiesis.

PMID- 3702220
TI  - Phosphate depletion arrests progression of chronic renal failure independent of
      protein intake.
AB  - Following 5/6 nephrectomy, 18 rats were fed a normal diet. After 30 days, serum
      creatinine (SCr), urine protein excretion and urine volume were increased
      compared to pre-nephrectomy (0.27 +/- 0.1 vs. 1.62 +/- 0.6 mg/deciliter, 17.0 +/-
      10.3 vs. 257.6 +/- 13.4 mg/24 hr, and 16.6 +/- 4.4 vs. 39.2 +/- 11.7 ml/24 hr,
      respectively, all P less than 0.001). At this time, when serum phosphorus (SPi)
      and serum calcium (SCa2+) were normal, the rats were separated into two groups,
      matched and paired by body weight and SCr, and housed separately in metabolic
      cages. Animals of one group ingested a normal diet supplemented with
      dihydroxyaluminum aminoacetate (DHAAA), 15 g%, to induce phosphate depletion
      (PD). The second group ingested the same diet supplemented with 7.5% glycine and
      was the phosphate replete (PR) group. All rats were pair fed throughout the study
      to maintain similar caloric, protein, carbohydrate, vitamin, and mineral intakes.
      At six weeks after separation, SPi was decreased in PD vs. PR group (2.85 +/- 0.8
      vs. 6.71 +/- 1.2 mg/deciliter, P less than 0.001) and SCa2+ was increased in the
      PD group (11.98 +/- 0.7 vs. 10.03 +/- 0.7 mg/deciliter, P less than 0.001). Urine
      urea nitrogen, body weight, and sodium, potassium and solute excretion were
      similar between the groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3702221
TI  - Rat renal papilla: comparison of two techniques for x-ray analysis.
AB  - Major differences in elemental and water content in cells of rat papillae have
      been reported by investigators using the frozen hydrated/frozen dried method
      versus that using external standards for x-ray microanalysis. These differences
      could not be ascribed to either cryosectioning at warmer temperatures or to the
      analytical algorithm used by either group. In this study, six paired left and
      right renal papillae were subjected to x-ray analysis. The frozen hydrated/frozen
      dried method was used on undipped papilla, while both methods were applied
      simultaneously to contralateral papillae dipped in albumin standard. No
      significant differences were seen between the physiologic state of the left and
      right kidneys prior to freezing. Our results demonstrated two major problems with
      application of an albumin peripheral standard: 1) albumin dipping significantly
      changed elemental and water content in papillary collecting duct cells,
      epithelial cells and interstitium, but interstitial cells were not affected; 2)
      the peripheral albumin standard itself also changed water and elemental content
      in a direction consistent with movement of Na and Cl from tissue to standard, and
      water from standard to tissue.

PMID- 3702222
TI  - Simultaneous comparison of techniques for x-ray analysis of proximal tubule
      cells.
AB  - Major differences in elemental and water content in cells of rat papillae in
      antidiuresis have been reported using x-ray microanalysis. The reason for these
      reported differences in unknown. In order to determine if the differing
      microprobe techniques used in these reports could account for the differences
      measured, we analyzed elemental concentrations in rat proximal tubule cells using
      both methods simultaneously on the same cells. Both methods provided comparable
      results. Furthermore, no differences in element or water content of proximal
      tubule cells cryosectioned with albumin at -53 degrees C and those cells
      cryosectioned at -80 degrees C were seen. Therefore, the differing values
      previously reported for elemental analysis of rat kidney cannot be ascribed to
      either cryosectioning at a warmer temperature or to the analytical algorithm used
      by either group.

PMID- 3702223
TI  - An active pathway for serotonin synthesis by renal proximal tubules.
AB  - Serotonin (5HT) has significant effects on renal metabolism and glomerular
      function and is a potent renal vasoconstrictor. In this study we describe and
      localize a highly active biosynthetic pathway for serotonin in the kidney. Rat
      kidneys were dissected into cortical and medullary fractions; in some experiments
      the cortex was also separated into subfractions enriched with glomeruli or
      proximal tubules. Serotonin and tryptophan hydroxylase (TyOH) were measured by
      radioenzymatic techniques. (table; see text) Renal denervation did not alter
      tryptophan hydroxylase activity. In kidneys from human cadaveric donors, cortical
      tryptophan hydroxylase (4.13 +/- 0.68 nM/30 min/g) exceeded that in the medulla
      (1.96 +/- 0.86 nM/30 min/g). Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase, the remaining
      enzyme for serotonin synthesis, is present in both rat renal cortex and medulla;
      however, we found 15-fold greater decarboxylase activity in proximal tubular
      (2070 nM/30 min/g) as compared to glomerular (131 nM/30 min/g) subfractions. We
      were able to demonstrate that under physiological conditions, free urine
      serotonin reflects actual biosynthesis by the kidney. Thus, although serotonin
      stores retained by the kidney appear small and relatively localized to the
      medulla, the enzymatic activity for the synthesis of serotonin in the kidney is
      comparable to that in the brain, with the complete pathway localized to renal
      cortical proximal tubules. These data suggest that further studies of renal
      serotonin metabolism may contribute to our understanding of renal function in
      health and disease.

PMID- 3702224
TI  - Effect of energy intake on nitrogen metabolism in nondialyzed patients with
      chronic renal failure.
AB  - Dietary energy requirements were evaluated during 16 studies that were carried
      out in six clinically stable nondialyzed chronically uremic patients who lived in
      a clinical research center and were fed diets providing 45, 35, 25 or 15
      kcal/kg/day. Each diet was fed for 23.7 +/- 5.7 SD days and provided about 0.55
      to 0.60 g protein/kg/day. Nitrogen balance after equilibration and adjusted for
      changes in body urea nitrogen, and change in body weight each correlated directly
      with energy intake. Correcting for estimated unmeasured nitrogen losses of about
      0.58 g/day, nitrogen balance was negative in one of four patients fed 45
      kcal/kg/day, one of five patients receiving 35 kcal/kg/day, three of five
      patients ingesting 25 kcal/kg/day and both patients fed 15 kcal/kg/day. The urea
      nitrogen appearance (UNA), the UNA divided by nitrogen intake, and several plasma
      amino acids, determined after an overnight fast, each correlated inversely with
      dietary energy intake. Resting energy expenditure measured by indirect
      calorimetry did not differ from normal and averaged 0.012 +/- 0.0033 kcal/kg/min
      with the different diets. These observations suggest that although some
      clinically stable nondialyzed chronically uremic patients ingesting 0.55 to 0.60
      g protein/kg/day may maintain nitrogen balance with energy intakes below 30
      kcal/kg/day, a dietary intake providing approximately 35 kcal/kg/day may be more
      likely to maintain neutral or positive nitrogen balance, maintain or increase
      body mass, and reduce net urea generation.

PMID- 3702225
TI  - The importance of renal net acid excretion as a determinant of fasting urinary
      calcium excretion.
AB  - To evaluate the effects of changing rates of fixed acid production on fasting
      urine Ca/creatinine, we studied five healthy men fed constant diets during
      control conditions (serum HCO3 27.3 +/- 2.6 SD mEq/liter and blood H+ 40.4 +/-
      1.5 microEq/liter) and then during the administration of NH4Cl 3.0 mEq/kg/day
      (serum HCO3 22.5 +/- 4.9 mEq/liter; P less than 0.025, and H+ 46.8 +/- 2.3
      mEq/liter; P less than 0.005). In addition to the expected increase in daily
      urinary Ca excretion from 5.2 +/- 2.0 to 12.5 +/- 3.0 mmole/day; P less than
      0.001 as daily urinary net acid excretion was increased from 48 +/- 32 to 257 +/-
      33 mEq/day; P less than 0.001 we observed that fasting urinary net
      acid/creatinine excretion also increased from 2.9 +/- 1.2 to 11.1 +/- 1.2
      mEq/mmole creatinine; P less than 0.001 and fasting urine Ca/creatinine increased
      from 0.158 +/- 0.111 to 0.456 +/- 0.109 mmole/mmole creatinine; P less than
      0.005. The additional Ca appearing in the urine during acidosis ultimately
      reflected augmented net bone resorption since daily urinary hydroxyproline
      excretion was increased from 0.232 +/- 0.062 to 0.377 +/- 0.108 mmole/day; P less
      than 0.01. Since variations in diet composition can cause fixed acid production
      and thus renal net acid excretion to vary from about zero to 200 mEq/day, such a
      range could cause fasting Ca/creatinine to vary from 0.09 to 0.37 mmole/mmole
      (0.03 to 0.13 mg/mg) and should be taken into account in the evaluation of
      fasting Ca/creatinine.

PMID- 3702226
TI  - 23Na NMR spectroscopy of proximal tubule suspensions.
AB  - Intracellular sodium concentrations in proximal tubule suspensions of rat kidney
      were measured by NMR spectroscopy. A simple method for the preparation of
      proximal tubule suspension is described. Examination by light microscopy revealed
      these preparations to contain 93.6 +/- 0.6% (N = 5) proximal tubules, and
      electron microscopy demonstrated that the tubules were open. When incubated with
      trypan blue for five min, only 2% of tubules picked-up the dye. The basal oxygen
      consumption rate was 0.42 +/- 0.01 microliter min-1 mg protein-1 (N = 6).
      Addition of succinate (5 mM) resulted in a fivefold increase in the rate of
      oxygen consumption. The 23Na spectra were obtained in proximal tubules incubated
      for 30 min in the aqueous shift reagent dysprosium tripolyphosphate Dy(PPPi)2(7
      ). The NMR observable sodium concentration was 34.1 +/- 1.8 mM at room
      temperature and 16.3 +/- 0.6 mM (P less than 0.001) at 37 degrees C. Addition of
      ouabain (10(-4) M) at 37 degrees C resulted in an increase in intracellular
      sodium to 30.9 +/- 2.9 mM (P less than 0.001), while nystatin increased the
      concentration of sodium to 72.0 +/- 9.1 mM (P less than 0.001), compared to basal
      concentration. Thus NMR permits the measurement of intracellular concentration of
      sodium in proximal tubules under basal conditions and to monitor, in the same
      preparation, the changes that occur under various experimental conditions without
      interfering with the morphologic integrity of the cells.

PMID- 3702227
TI  - Lactic acidosis.

PMID- 3702228
TI  - [Chemotherapy of bacterial meningitis in childhood].

PMID- 3702229
TI  - [Effect of respiratory therapy on cardiac, peripheral and cerebral impedance in
      premature infants with respiratory disorders].

PMID- 3702230
TI  - [Cerebral seizures in ambulatory practice. Causes, complications, therapy].

PMID- 3702231
TI  - [Emergencies in childhood. 1. Definition, age peculiarities and causes].

PMID- 3702232
TI  - [Mycological extended surveillance of outpatient and inpatient children with
      malignant diseases during and after long-term polychemotherapy].

PMID- 3702233
TI  - [Methods of improving the results in treating patients with incarcerated
      abdominal hernias].

PMID- 3702234
TI  - [Changes in motor function of the large intestine in nonspecific ulcerative
      colitis].

PMID- 3702235
TI  - [Condition of the small intestine in nonspecific ulcerative colitis after
      different types of surgical intervention].

PMID- 3702236
TI  - [Reconstructive surgery of the colon].

PMID- 3702237
TI  - [Characteristics of the surgical treatment of cancer of the anal canal].

PMID- 3702238
TI  - [Surgical treatment of insufficiency of the anal sphincter].

PMID- 3702239
TI  - [Surgical treatment of anorectal atresia in boys].

PMID- 3702240
TI  - [Determining the degree of surgical risk in emergency abdominal surgery].

PMID- 3702241
TI  - [Problems of improving the results in the surgical treatment of incarcerated
      abdominal hernias in elderly patients].

PMID- 3702242
TI  - [Cytochemical evaluation of the viability of the small intestine in its
      experimental obstruction].

PMID- 3702243
TI  - [Treatment of postoperative ventral hernia in a central regional hospital].

PMID- 3702244
TI  - [Incarcerated internal ventral hernias].

PMID- 3702245
TI  - [Reconstructive-restorative operations in patients with colostomy after extensive
      left-side resection of the large intestine].

PMID- 3702246
TI  - [Colostomy in non-neoplastic diseases of the rectum and pararectal tissue].

PMID- 3702247
TI  - [Surgical treatment of complicated proctological diseases].

PMID- 3702248
TI  - [Liquid-crystalline thermography in the diagnosis of acute paraproctitis].

PMID- 3702249
TI  - [Restorative operations in nonspecific ulcerative colitis on the article by Iu.V.
      Baltaitis].

PMID- 3702250
TI  - [Surgical treatment of chronic abdominal ischemia].

PMID- 3702251
TI  - [A method of studying motor function of the large intestine].

PMID- 3702252
TI  - [Classification, diagnosis and treatment of postgastrectomy diseases of the small
      intestine].

PMID- 3702253
TI  - [Endoscopic method of replacing immersion transhepatic drainage tubes in the bile
      ducts].

PMID- 3702254
TI  - [Antegrade method of endoscopic papillosphincterotomy through a drainage tube or
      fistula of the cystic duct].

PMID- 3702255
TI  - [Histochemical diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease].

PMID- 3702256
TI  - [Simultaneous operations on organs of the abdominal cavity].

PMID- 3702257
TI  - [Effectiveness of peritoneal dialysis and intraperitoneal infusion of antibiotics
      in the treatment of diffuse suppurative peritonitis].

PMID- 3702258
TI  - [The state of the erythrocyte membrane and acid hydrolase activity in mechanical
      intestinal obstruction].

PMID- 3702259
TI  - [Unilateral disconnection of incompletely formed external fistulas of the small
      intestine].

PMID- 3702260
TI  - [Perforation of the small intestine in typhoid].

PMID- 3702261
TI  - [Infection of the abdominal cavity after radical operations in diffuse polyposis
      of the large intestine].

PMID- 3702262
TI  - [Surgical treatment of exacerbation of paraproctitis in functioning rectal
      fistula].

PMID- 3702263
TI  - [Perforation of an echinococcal cyst into the abdominal cavity].

PMID- 3702264
TI  - [Computerized tomography in the diagnosis of echinococcosis of the liver and
      abdominal organs].

PMID- 3702265
TI  - [Preventive use of antibiotics in planned abdominal surgery].

PMID- 3702266
TI  - [Should surgical tactics in acute and chronic appendicitis be revised?].

PMID- 3702267
TI  - [The time of operation in acute cholecystitis].

PMID- 3702268
TI  - [Hazards and complications of fundoplication by the Nissen method].

PMID- 3702269
TI  - [Postoperative intestinal infarction].

PMID- 3702270
TI  - [Use of a multi-component collagen preparation and low-frequency ultrasonics in
      gastrointestinal surgery].

PMID- 3702271
TI  - [Detailed neurologic findings in speech-disordered school children].
AB  - We report upon school-children with speech disorders who were examined by a
      standardized neurological examination. Compared with normal school-children the
      speech disturbed children show a higher degree of minor nervous dysfunction. The
      results can be interpreted as a focal disturbance resp. as a developmental
      deficit of the CNS. Our findings are congruent with those known in literature. We
      propose to use the discriminating neurological subtests of the mentioned
      examination as a screening for speech and motor disturbances even in preschool
      age.

PMID- 3702272
TI  - [Progressive ataxia and distal muscular atrophy--differential diagnostic
      considerations on Roussy-Levy syndrome].
AB  - The Roussy-Levy-Syndrome ist generally considered a pheno-typic variant of the
      hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type I (HMSN I), i.e. the classic Charcot
      Marie-Tooth-neuropathy, and is thus nosographically distinguishable from
      Friedreich's ataxia. While posterior column symptomatology, dementia and rapid
      progression are recognized as diagnostic criteria for Friedreich's ataxia and
      HMSN I is clinically defined by the typical features of a progressive
      polyneuropathy, the symptom triad "gait disturbance, areflexia and pes cavus" of
      the Roussy-Levy-Syndrome has comparatively little diagnostic specifity. Because
      of the variability of clinical symptoms as shown by two case reports, the
      diagnosis of Roussy-Levy-Syndrome in childhood should be made only with great
      caution. For early genetic counselling and prognostic evaluation, bioptic and
      neurophysiologic results are of decisive importance.

PMID- 3702273
TI  - [Articulation disorder as the initial manifestation of facioscapulohumeral
      muscular dystrophy in childhood].
AB  - A five year old boy who had received logopedic treatment for more than two years
      was seen as an outpatient because of speech retardation. He presented with
      myopathic face, incomplete closure of both lids and severe weakness of facial
      muscles, bilateral winging of scapulae and hyperlordosis. Extraocular and
      pharyngeal muscles were not affected. Motor and sensory nerve fibre conductions
      and electromyography were within normal limits. CPK was moderately elevated (320
      U/I). Muscle biopsy of right deltoid muscle revealed unspecific myopathic
      changes. The patients brother aged 7 also presented with facial weakness,
      elevated CPK and neurogenic changes in EMG of deltoid muscle. Both parents were
      clinically and electrophysiologically unremarkable. Although problems to speak
      distinctly are usually not the first manifestation, we found in this family facio
      scapulo-humeral muscular dystrophy.

PMID- 3702274
TI  - ["Primary" pulmonary hypertension and systemic lupus erythematosus in
      adolescence].
AB  - Report is given on a 15 years old girl suffering from severe "primary" pulmonary
      hypertension (PPH) of the plexogenic type without underlying pulmonary
      parenchymal or cardiac disease. Diagnosis was established by cardiac
      catheterization and lung biopsy. At the same time she had clinical symptoms and
      laboratory signs of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Looking back there had
      been for some years symptoms suggestive of both diseases. PPH is characterized by
      several histopathological criteria whereas its aetiology is unknown. A causal
      connexion between PPH and connective tissue diseases, especially SLE, is probable
      because of their repeatedly observed coincidence. Raynauds phenomenon, sometimes
      included in some connective tissue syndrome, and vascular alterations in PPH
      could be explained by sustained vasoconstrictive mechanisms caused by
      hyperractive pulmonary vessels. Another possible pathogenetic role relates to
      immune complexes causing vascular changes. It is assumed that, besides the
      classical pulmonary involvement, vascular changes of "primary" pulmonary
      hypertension themselves may represent a typical albeit rare pulmonary
      manifestation of SLE or other connective tissue disease.

PMID- 3702275
TI  - [The hypersensitive respiratory system in childhood].
AB  - Aetiological factors and mechanisms of bronchial hyperreactivity are discussed.
      The hypothesis of increased permeability of the bronchial mucosa--caused by
      either endogenous or exogenous stimuli--as the most plausible explanation for the
      connection between hyperreactivity and childhood asthma bronchiale is emphasized.
      Finally, unspecific inhalative provocation tests for proof of bronchial
      hyperreactivity, its indications and contraindications as well as the criteria of
      judgement are mentioned.

PMID- 3702276
TI  - [Diagnostic procedure in neurodegenerative diseases with a chronic course].
AB  - In our view, diagnostic work-up in chronic neurometabolic disorders should depend
      on history, age and sex of the patient, and on particular clinical signs, which
      often have to be looked for specifically. The value of screening methods is
      briefly discussed. As regards special investigations emphasis is given on the
      value and limits of cranial computed tomography and on ultrastructural
      examination of skin and conjunctival biopsies.

PMID- 3702277
TI  - [Lipid storage diseases (lipidoses): genetic, biochemical and clinico-chemical
      aspects].
AB  - Lipidoses are genetic diseases due to disease-specific defects in the enzymatic
      catabolism of lipids, with accumulation of the respective lipid substrate in the
      nervous system and/or peripheral tissues. The clinical chemical diagnosis of
      lipidoses can be accomplished by demonstration of the enzyme defect and/or
      substrate accumulation in body fluids (urine, blood serum), leukocytes, cultured
      fibroblasts, amniotic fluid cells, or amniotic fluid, respectively. These assays
      are important with regard to: 1. the specific detection or exclusion of diseases,
      which are difficult to diagnose by their clinical presentation, 2. prenatal
      diagnoses, 3. detection of (clinically inconspicuous) heterozygotes (essential
      for individual genetic counselling), and 4. the biochemical control of dietary
      treatment in Refsum's disease.

PMID- 3702278
TI  - [Abnormalities of the central nervous system in the area of the posterior cranial
      fossa--neuroradiologic and clinical aspects].
AB  - Since the introduction of CT, the assessment of ventricular enlargement and
      follow-up examinations after shunt surgery have become easier. By means of CT
      coronary and sagittal reconstructions as well as nuclearmagnetic resonance, the
      pathologic-anatomic changes in malformations with Arnold-Chiari II deformity and
      Dandy-Walker syndrome are clearly demonstrated. With nuclear magnetic resonance
      the morphology of structures in the posterior cranial fossa are demonstrated
      three-dimensionally, and in comparison with CT the method has the advantage that
      it involves no exposure to radiation. On the other hand, dynamic conditions of
      the CSF circulation can be evaluated better on the computerized tomogram
      following intrathecal injection of contrast medium. On the basis of our
      experience we believe that the different methods are complementary and can often
      be combined when planning surgery.

PMID- 3702279
TI  - Lyme arthritis: clinical features, serological, and radiographic findings of
      cases in Germany.
AB  - The clinical manifestations, serological data, and radiographic findings of ten
      cases of Lyme arthritis in Germany are summarized. Qualitative assessment shows
      that the characteristics of the disease in Germany do not differ fundamentally
      from those reported in the USA. However, since a serological test for antibodies
      to the causative spirochete is now available, the great variety of the clinical
      features of Lyme arthritis can be described more precisely. The cases of chronic
      Lyme arthritis without prior erythema chronicum migrans, hitherto the most
      important diagnostic hallmark of the disease, may have been underestimated. One
      of the cases reported provides evidence that the disease was transmitted via a
      fly bite. Radiographic abnormalities consisting of marked juxta-articular
      osteoporosis and osseous erosions were found in two patients with chronic
      arthritis. Three patients were treated with high-dose intravenous penicillin, two
      did not respond to the therapy.

PMID- 3702280
TI  - [Amiodarone therapy--behavior of serum and fatty tissue concentrations].
AB  - Thirty-eight patients with refractory supraventricular and ventricular
      tachyarrhythmias were administered a mean oral dosage of 400 mg amiodarone daily
      (200-600 mg). A high-pressure liquid chromatography method was used to measure
      serum concentrations of amiodarone and its metabolite desethylamiodarone after
      one week, one month, three months, and then at 6-month intervals. In 24 patients
      subcutaneous fatty tissue concentrations were also measured. The mean follow-up
      was 9 months (4 days to 29 months). A linear correlation was found between
      amiodarone and its metabolite in serum (r = 0.56, p less than 0.001) as well as
      in subcutaneous fatty tissue (r = 0.67, p less than 0.001). While serum
      concentrations were dose dependent, tissue concentrations accumulated during
      chronic therapy (p less than 0.01, both). Clinical efficacy was achieved in 84%
      of the patients. No statistically significant difference was found between
      responders and non-responders as regards serum and subcutaneous fatty tissue
      concentrations. Side effects of amiodarone occurred in 63%. The incidence of
      adverse effects was related to significantly higher serum and subcutaneous fatty
      tissue concentrations of amiodarone and its metabolite (p less than 0.001, both).
      Thus, although the determination of serum and subcutaneous fatty tissue
      concentrations does not seem to be helpful for assessing clinical efficacy of
      this antiarrhythmic drug, these values may predict the occurrence of adverse
      effects.

PMID- 3702281
TI  - Sensitivity of 125J-fibrinogen uptake test for diagnosis of established venous
      thrombosis in heparinized patients.
AB  - The sensitivity of the radiofibrinogen test was investigated to determine the
      accuracy of the test in diagnosis of venographically proven venous thrombosis in
      70 heparinized patients. 125J-fibrinogen was administered between 2 h and 4 days
      (mean: 1.5 days) after initiating heparin therapy. There were two criteria for a
      positive test: if the difference between the counts for adjacent points on the
      same leg or equivalent sites on opposite legs was at least 15%; and/or if there
      were three adjacent points each with counts greater than 5% that of the same
      three points on the other leg. The fibrinogen uptake test was positive at the
      first examination in 67 of 70 patients, giving a sensitivity of 96%. The
      respective frequencies of truly abnormal results for the 3 X 5% and the 1 X 15%
      criteria were 94% and 71%. As far as localization and extension of thrombosis
      were concerned, the fibrinogen uptake test agreed with phlebography in 73% of the
      cases, when the counts in the groin and the upper third of the thigh were
      ignored. The 125J-fibrinogen uptake test is an accurate method for detecting
      established deep leg vein thrombosis even in anticoagulated patients.

PMID- 3702283
TI  - Do different ischemic brain lesions have different hemorheological profiles?
AB  - The following hemorheological parameters were determined in 68 patients with
      ischemic brain lesions and in 28 controls: yield shear stress, erythrocyte
      aggregation, erythrocyte rigidity, plasma viscosity, and hematocrit. The patients
      were classified into various groups on the basis of etiological criteria. The
      results revealed differences between certain hemorheological variables
      (erythrocyte aggregation, plasma viscosity) in some of the stroke groups. Plasma
      viscosity was significantly higher in patients with Binswanger's disease and
      significantly lower in the control group compared with values measured in
      patients with macroangiopathy and microangiopathy. Erythrocyte aggregation was
      significantly lower in the controls than in the other groups. Discriminant
      analysis revealed that plasma viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation and hematocrit
      were the most useful variables for classification.

PMID- 3702282
TI  - Treatment of non anti-GBM-antibody mediated, rapidly progressive
      glomerulonephritis by plasmapheresis and immunosuppression.
AB  - A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of plasmapheresis in
      combination with different immunosuppressive drugs ("pulse" therapy, azathioprine
      or cyclophosphamide together with steroids) in nine patients presenting with
      rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) not mediated by antibody to
      glomerular basement membrane. Six of these patients had to be initially dialysed.
      All patients underwent renal biopsy, which revealed that seven patients had a
      minimum of 80% crescents and five had interstitial fibrosis. Recovery of renal
      function was observed in seven patients (78%). All patients without interstitial
      fibrosis were recompensated for at least 14 months after the acute onset of RPGN.
      Those who presented with interstitial fibrosis declined to endstage renal failure
      after 13 months requiring chronic hemodialysis treatment or cadaveric kidney
      transplantation. On the basis of these findings interstitial fibrosis seems to be
      a limiting factor for the prognosis of non-anti-GBM-antibody mediated RPGN.

PMID- 3702284
TI  - [Determination of reference ranges of rheologic parameters: study of 653 randomly
      selected probands of the Aachen district].
AB  - To determine reference ranges for rheologic parameters (hematocrit, plasma
      viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation, erythrocyte rigidity) a randomized study
      involving 653 subjects was carried out. Conditions of sampling, transportation
      and storing of blood specimens were established prior to the survey. Only 283
      subjects met the criteria for enrollment in the study; the others were rejected
      because of inconspicuous history, normal findings in physical and Doppler
      sonographic examination and absence of the risk factors hypertension, diabetes
      mellitus, overweight, rheumatic diseases, and smoking. The reference range for
      hematocrit was determined by an impedance-measuring device to equal 39-52% for
      males and 34-50% for females. The reference range for plasma viscosity, measured
      by a capillary-tube-plasma viscometer, was found to vary from 1.14 mPas to 1.34
      mPas. The reference values for the standardized erythrocyte aggregation index was
      determined with the mini erythrocyte aggregometer to range from 8 to 21.
      Erythrocytes measured with the selecting-erythrocyte rigidometer showed a
      rigidity reference range between 0.83 and 1.19. Analysis of the results revealed
      that the parameters were independent of age (except in young children) and sex
      (with the exception of hematocrit).

PMID- 3702285
TI  - Concentrations of 7S collagen and laminin P1 in sera of patients with diabetes
      mellitus.
AB  - Specific radioimmunoassays were used to quantify two basement membrane
      components, 7S collagen and laminin P1, in sera of 70 patients suffering from
      diabetes mellitus types I and II with and without clinical signs of chronic
      diabetic complications. Serum levels of both antigens were increased in diabetics
      compared to controls (p less than 0.001). Concentrations of 7S collagen were
      significantly different in diabetics with signs of microvascular damage compared
      to those without small vessel disease (p less than 0.05). The difference between
      laminin P1 concentrations in the two groups of diabetics was not significant (p
      less than 0.2). The augmented levels of circulating 7S collagen and laminin P1
      may reflect alterations of basement membrane metabolism. Thus, the measurement of
      concentrations of these basement membrane components in serum may be a useful
      tool for monitoring the development of chronic diabetic complications.

PMID- 3702286
TI  - [Nitrate therapy and tolerance].

PMID- 3702287
TI  - [Chronic gastritis in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 3702288
TI  - [Clinical characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis in relation to sex and age].

PMID- 3702289
TI  - [Effectiveness of dekaris in treating patients with various forms of erysipelas].

PMID- 3702290
TI  - [A case of ventricular fibrillation in chronic pyelonephritis].

PMID- 3702291
TI  - [A case of intravital diagnosis of primary systemic amyloidosis].

PMID- 3702292
TI  - [Stomach cancer manifested by metastases to the skin of the neck].

PMID- 3702293
TI  - [Practical problems of pharmacodynamics].

PMID- 3702294
TI  - [Diagnostic and treatment problems in acute pneumonia].

PMID- 3702295
TI  - [Tasks and means of accelerating scientific and technical progress in public
      health].

PMID- 3702296
TI  - [Cardiac rhythm disorders in bronchial asthma patients based on ECG monitoring
      data].

PMID- 3702297
TI  - [Central hemodynamics in patients with primary arterial hypotension].

PMID- 3702299
TI  - [Errors in diagnosing acute myocardial infarct in patients at the prehospital
      stage].

PMID- 3702298
TI  - [Clinical and diagnostic aspects of cardiac myxomas].

PMID- 3702300
TI  - [Rapid electrocardiographic diagnosis in outpatient care].

PMID- 3702301
TI  - [Coronary arteriosclerosis and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol].

PMID- 3702302
TI  - [Course of hypertension in patients with an implanted pacemaker].

PMID- 3702303
TI  - [Borderline hypertension].

PMID- 3702304
TI  - [Hemostasis in ischemic heart disease patients undergoing hyperbaric
      oxygenation].

PMID- 3702306
TI  - [Mathematic modeling of the processes of water and salt metabolism].
AB  - This paper describes mathematical modeling of fluid-electrolyte metabolism and
      fluid homeostasis in real and simulated microgravity. At the first stage
      physiological reactions to provocative tests were simulated. The assumptions made
      yielded satisfactory results, particularly with respect to the excretion of the
      most important electrolytes in different time intervals of bed rest and recovery.
      The development of models of fluid homeostasis, taking into consideration tissue
      elasticity and plasticity and fluid buffering capacity, is discussed.

PMID- 3702305
TI  - [Electromagnetic radiation in the radiofrequency range: radiation safety].
AB  - Existing safety standards for electromagnetic radiation in the radio frequency
      range, including microwave radiation, adopted in the USSR, Great Britain, Poland,
      Czechoslovakia, USA, Canada, FRG and recommended by IRPA/INIRC are described. It
      is proposed to use the value 0.4 W/kg as the basic value of an absorbed dose rate
      which corresponds to the energy flux density 100 W/m2 for frequencies over 2 GHz.
      The concepts of an effective dose rate and effective dose are discussed. Various
      questions of how to provide safety of those working with electromagnetic
      radiations are considered.

PMID- 3702308
TI  - [Human cardiac activity during the 1st hours and days of exposure to
      antiorthostatic hypokinesia (according to the results of echocardiography)].
AB  - Six healthy volunteers (aged 19-24) were exposed to head-down tilt (at-10
      degrees) for 7 days. The study revealed phasic changes of intracardiac
      circulation and the pump function which were not accompanied by contractility
      disorders. On the whole, the changes represented a manifestation of
      cardiovascular adaptation to hemodynamic shifts that are typical of this type of
      simulated weightlessness. The echocardiographic parameters varied similarly
      during the head-down tilt test and the joint Soviet-French experiment onboard
      Salyut-7.

PMID- 3702307
TI  - [Venous pressure in the jugular vein system and the efficiency of venous return
      to the right heart during 120-day antiorthostatic hypokinesia].
AB  - Study of time-course variations of venous pressure in the jugular veins can be
      used to identify individual adaptation to prolonged head-down tilt. The method of
      measuring blood return to the right heart presented here can be employed to
      evaluate the efficacy of countermeasures during head-down tilt and to predict
      orthostatic tolerance after it.

PMID- 3702309
TI  - [Free amino acids in human blood during the initial period of exposure to
      antiorthostatic hypokinesia].
AB  - The concentration of 17 free amino acids in plasma of 6 test subjects, aged 20,
      who were for 7 days exposed to head-down tilt and remained on a controlled diet,
      was measured. The study revealed an increase in the concentration of most amino
      acids by the end of day 3 and all amino acids by the end of day 7. This indicates
      that the diet used is a good source of the required amino acids and that there
      are processes which facilitate an increase of amino acids during the first days
      of exposure. The concentration of most amino acids returned to the baseline level
      on the 7th recovery day.

PMID- 3702310
TI  - [Paramecium test for toxic substances in the blood of humans exposed to
      conditions simulating weightlessness].
AB  - The Paramecium test was for the first time used to measure the build-up of toxic
      substances in the healthy man exposed to simulated weightlessness. The most
      distinct changes were seen on bed rest days 3 and 7-8 in all test subjects (41
      subjects). After bed rest day 8 the parameter reached a plateau, the toxicity
      level stopped to increase, but the Paramecium test time remained shorter than
      normal. It can therefore be suggested that the prognosis of any disease that may
      develop in this situation will be worse. In view of this it is important to
      improve the prophylaxis and treatment of endogenous and exogenous intoxications
      during space flight and to provide active detoxication based on the purification
      of biological fluids by sorption.

PMID- 3702311
TI  - [Philosophical aspects of the theory of adaptation].
AB  - This paper discusses the general concepts of the problem of adaptation from the
      dialectic point of view which, according to F. Engels, is the most important
      pattern of thinking in natural sciences. Dialectics provides an analog and
      therefore a method for interpreting developmental processes, universal
      relationships in nature, transition from one area of research to another. From
      the point of view of dialectic laws adaptation acts as a contradictory process of
      habituation to various environments. The contradictory pattern of the adaptive
      process and its result is very distinct in terms of heredity and variability. A
      logical enlargement of the concept of adaptation is the transition to the study
      of homeostasis which is assumed to be its mechanism, a property which has
      developed in the course of evolution and fixed in heredity. This adaptive
      property is contradictory in its essence because homeostasis is a unity of
      stability and instability, a fluctuating constancy. In addition to the law of
      constancy of the inner melieu, there is a law of homeostatic deviations. This
      concept can be understood through an analysis of the system theory that includes
      a continuous variation and conservation of structure which indicates its ordered
      oscillation, that is, its rhythmicity. This clarifies the relationship between
      homeostasis and biological rhythmicity as a method of maintaining the former.
      Thus, a consistent analysis of the problem of adaptation can help identify
      transition from one area of research to another, specifically to the study of
      oscillatory processes in living systems, including such oscillatory processes
      that have characteristics of universality and necessity. Such processes are
      biological rhythms with a period of about 24 hours, that is, circadian rhythms.

PMID- 3702312
TI  - [Typologic characteristics of central hemodynamics in the monkey in reclining and
      upright positions].
AB  - By tetrapolar rheography central hemodynamics was investigated in 74 rhesus
      monkeys in the reclining and orthostatic position. The basic hemodynamic
      parameters were examined in relation to the entire sample, to the groups with a
      higher or lower blood pressure (BPmean), and to four states of central
      circulation in orthostatic animals. The typological circulatory differences in
      the orthostatic state were shown to be determined by qualitatively different
      hemodynamic mechanisms responsible for BPmean. The hemodynamic characteristics in
      the reclining and orthostatic position were found to be reciprocally related. It
      is recommended to take into consideration the typological differences of
      hemodynamics that can modify cardiovascular responses to various effects.

PMID- 3702313
TI  - [Features of the capillarization of the skeletal muscles of the white rat during
      adaptation to high altitude in the Pamir Mountains and the Antarctic].
AB  - The capillary-myofiber quantitative relations were examined morphometrically in
      180 white male rats exposed for 1.5 month to altitudes of 3488-4000 m above sea
      level (Antarctic and Pamir highlands). During the first three weeks of adaptation
      drastic changes in the parameter were seen. It is suggested that one of the
      factors responsible for them is a shift in the functional status of muscles
      produced by the method of transportation of the animals to the high altitude
      environment.

PMID- 3702314
TI  - [Effect of prolonged storage on various indices of the fatty components of freeze
      dried products].
AB  - The effect of prolonged storage at the temperature 20 +/- 5 degrees C and
      relative humidity 70-80% on the freeze-dried food products packed in a three
      layer polymer was investigated. The organoleptic parameters, fat content and fat
      physicochemical properties were determined in the freshly prepared foods and
      foods stored for 6, 10 and 14 months. The fat component of cereals and vegetables
      was found to change during storage: the acid and peroxide numbers increased,
      products of secondary oxidation accumulated, and non-saturated fatty acids
      decreased. Among the foodstuffs examined the buckwheat cereal and mashed potatoes
      proved to be most stable and edible after 14 months of storage.

PMID- 3702315
TI  - [Viability of embryos and nestlings after the exposure of quail eggs to gamma
      radiation and vibration at various times during egg storage].
AB  - The viability of quail embryos and nestlings from the incubation eggs exposed
      (in) to gamma-radiation at a dose of 300 cGy and stored for 15 days or (ii) to
      gamma-radiation at a dose of 300 cGy and stored for 30 days or (iii) to vibration
      with the acute egg end oriented contrary to the vibration front and stored for 30
      days did not decrease as compared to that of the controls stored for the same
      time period. The viability diminished if the radiation dose was increased to 600
      1200 cGy of if the egg orientation during vibration was changed.

PMID- 3702316
TI  - [Regeneration of sanitaro-hygienic water during long space flights by reverse
      osmosis].
AB  - Experiments on the purification of wash water by means of reverse osmosis
      membranes MGA-100 were performed. The membrane selectivity with respect to the
      major components (catamine AB, amine oxide and sodium chloride) was close to 100%
      whereas membrane permeability was not lower than 70% that of distilled water. The
      results of a field study in which 330 1 of repeatedly used wash water were
      reclaimed showed that reverse osmosis can be effectively employed for that
      purpose.

PMID- 3702317
TI  - [Mathematic model of the cupuloendolymphatic system for various densities of
      cupula and endolymph].
AB  - This paper presents a mathematical model of time-course variations of the cupulo
      endolymphatic system which can be described by the Steinhauzen phenomenological
      equation for the case of a unidimensional toroid, assuming that the densities of
      the cupula and endolymph are identical. If the densities are different, the time
      course variations of the cupuloendolymphatic system may aggravate and manifest at
      the powered stages of space flight.

PMID- 3702318
TI  - [Method of determining phospholipase activity in duodenal contents].

PMID- 3702319
TI  - [Polarographic method of determining the products of lipid peroxidation in the
      plasma and erythrocytes in man and the rat].

PMID- 3702320
TI  - Receptivity in Mongolian gerbils: dose and temporal parameters of ovarian hormone
      administration.
AB  - The dose and temporal effects of oestrogen and progesterone treatment on the
      induction of receptivity in female Mongolian gerbils were investigated. One group
      of animals was primed with 10 micrograms oestradiol benzoate (OB) 48 and 24 h
      prior to testing and received 500 micrograms progesterone (Pr) 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 9,
      12, 15, 18, 21 or 24 h prior to testing. These subjects were found to exhibit
      high levels of receptivity from hour 2 to hour 18. This is similar to the
      reported duration of heat during natural oestrus. A second group of animals were
      primed with 10 micrograms OB and were then given either 0, 10, 50, 100, 250 or
      500 micrograms Pr 3 h prior to testing. Results indicated that the administration
      of 100 micrograms Pr could elicit high levels of receptivity. A final group of
      animals were given either 0.5, 1.0, 5.0 or 10.0 micrograms OB 48 and 24 h before
      testing and then 100 micrograms Pr 3 h prior to testing. It was found that only
      the 10 micrograms dose of OB elicited high levels of receptivity in these
      animals.

PMID- 3702321
TI  - Spontaneous hyperplastic and metaplastic duct epithelium in the sublingual
      salivary glands of Wistar rats.
AB  - Focal epithelial hyperplasia and metaplasia were observed in the intralobular
      ducts of the sublingual salivary glands of 302 out of 1142 Wistar rats. These
      rats (aged 16-145 weeks) served as controls in toxicological experiments. The
      ductal changes varied from small groups of irregular cylindrical cells with
      basophilic cytoplasm and vesicular nuclei, with often prominent nucleoli, to
      large areas of non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium with marked mitotic
      activity and necrotic superficial cells being released in the lumen. Mononuclear
      inflammatory cells were often present in fibrous tissue surrounding altered
      ducts. Within certain limits the degree and incidence of the changes increased
      with increasing age; their aetiology is unknown.

PMID- 3702322
TI  - A procedure for arterial blood sampling in the rabbit.
AB  - The ear vessels in the rabbit appear to be easily accessible for blood
      puncturing. Several measures are described to overcome problems of vascular spasm
      and uncontrolled movements of the animal during injection.

PMID- 3702323
TI  - Long-term effects of partial ileal bypass on the health status of rabbits.
AB  - Partial ileal bypass (PIB) surgery is a method for the treatment of familial
      hypercholesterolaemia in man. Since the rabbit is frequently used as an animal
      model in experimental studies on PIB, we have investigated the long-term effects
      of this surgical procedure on the health status of rabbits. Forty-eight weeks
      after surgery plasma and liver cholesterol levels were decreased by about 40%.
      The inner diameter of the bypassed ileum was drastically reduced, unlike its
      length. The bypassed segment did not show clear histological abnormalities. The
      microflora of the caecum was similar in control and PIB rabbits. PIB did not
      influence liver histology. The bile of the rabbits with PIB was less lithogenic
      than that of control animals. Blood haemoglobin levels, haematocrit values and
      plasma concentrations of alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma
      glutamyl transferase and lactate dehydrogenase were not changed after PIB. Plasma
      levels of albumin, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, vitamin B12 and folic acid
      were not significantly affected by PIB. Rabbits with PIB had significantly higher
      plasma levels of bilirubin and zinc than control rabbits, but plasma vitamin E
      concentrations were significantly lower. These results may be of importance for
      further studies on the effects of PIB in rabbits.

PMID- 3702324
TI  - Effect of partial ileal bypass on ileum morphology in cholesterol-fed pigs.
AB  - We have studied ileum morphology in pigs 3.5 months after partial ileal bypass
      (PIB) surgery. PIB caused a reduction in the length of the bypassed ileum by 60%,
      while the circumference was decreased by about 70%. We did not find evidence for
      dilatation of the functional, neo-terminal ileum. These results in pigs are
      contrary to those found earlier in rabbits. This may be of importance concerning
      the choice of animal model to study the effects of PIB.

PMID- 3702325
TI  - A new variant of the Es-1 locus in the rat.
AB  - A new prealbumin plasma esterase was demonstrated by the use of miniaturized
      polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. Genetic analysis indicated that the new
      variant is controlled by the Es-1 locus and this gene was designated Es-1c. Among
      11 rat strains only one strain, WJ, possessed the gene. Two random-bred stocks,
      Jcl:Wistar and Jcl:SD, also maintained it in their populations. Miniaturized
      polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis showed that the ES-1 band consisted of
      two close bands with the cathodal one staining darker.

PMID- 3702327
TI  - Towards the computerized animal house: the Newcastle University Animal House
      Management System.
AB  - A suite of computer programs (available from the Laboratory Animal Science
      Association) has been written to carry out much of the routine administration of
      a central animal house facility. Principal functions include stock control and
      accounting. The programs are fully portable and can be implemented on almost any
      microcomputer. They are protected against data-entry errors and can be used by
      staff who have little or no computer experience. In 10 months' use at the
      Comparative Biology Centre, the Newcastle University Animal House Management
      System has become an indispensable management tool. The system has also been
      successfully implemented at Bath University.

PMID- 3702326
TI  - An improved procedure for obtaining germ-free laboratory mice.
AB  - The economy of time and effort accruing from the use of laminar air-flow cabinets
      to obtain germ-free mice has already been established. However, a further
      modification of the technique, utilizing small intermediate isolators, has made
      it possible to transfer to the large, recipient isolators only those litters
      which are viable and demonstrably free from contamination.

PMID- 3702328
TI  - Variation in pentobarbitone sleeping time in mice. 1. Strain and sex differences.
AB  - A set of 23 inbred strains of mice was tested for their sleeping time under
      sodium pentobarbitone anaesthetic. Highly significant strain differences were
      found. Estimates of the proportion of the variation accounted for by genetic
      differences ranged from 28% to 42%. In general, males slept longer than females
      but the size of the sex differences was not consistent across strains. Sleeping
      times on different test days also varied, indicating that environmental factors
      were affecting the results. A specially designed experiment failed to detect any
      differences in within-strain variation.

PMID- 3702329
TI  - Variation in pentobarbitone sleeping time in mice. 2. Variables affecting test
      results.
AB  - The effect of some environmental factors on the pentobarbitone sleeping time
      (PST) in inbred strains of mice has been investigated. Age, dose level and
      fasting before the test significantly altered the PST while the source of the
      drug and regular handling of the mice had no effect. None of these factors
      affected strains differentially. Unsystematic effects such as litter differences
      contributed only a small proportion of the total variation in the experiments.
      The strain rankings were different from those obtained in some previous
      experiments. The effects of some of the environmental factors on the PST did not
      always agree with previous work. The implications of these results for the design
      of similar experiments and the relevance of baseline values in laboratory animals
      are discussed.

PMID- 3702330
TI  - Exophthalmos in ageing rats with Harderian gland disease.
AB  - Exophthalmos was found in aged rats in several longevity studies. Four cases were
      due to malignant Harderian gland neoplasia whilst others were associated with
      severe Harderian gland inflammation, less severe inflammation being found in rats
      without exophthalmos.

PMID- 3702331
TI  - Contamination of transplantable murine tumors with lymphocytic choriomeningitis
      virus.
AB  - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) was isolated from a transplantable
      tumor after mice bearing the tumor began to die prematurely. Tumor lines, mice
      and laboratory personnel that had an association with the index laboratory were
      tested for LCMV infection. Testing of tumor lines from the index laboratory and
      four other laboratories revealed that 16 of 55 tumor samples used in vivo and one
      of eight tumor samples maintained in vitro were contaminated with LCMV.
      Laboratory personnel and uninoculated mice that were exposed to infected tumors
      had no LCMV antibody. The use of carefully monitored seed stocks is recommended
      to protect transplantable tumors that may be inadvertently contaminated by
      viruses.

PMID- 3702332
TI  - Epidemiology of naturally occurring rotavirus infection in rabbits.
AB  - The epidemiology of naturally acquired rotavirus infection in commercial
      rabbitries was studied. Antibody titers to rotavirus were determined by an enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Studies of antibody levels over time within
      individual rabbit litters and in a colony of rabbits of different ages showed
      that transplacentally derived maternal antibodies had declined to low levels by
      about one month of age. More than half of the 88 rabbits 1 to 2 months of age had
      antibody titers of less than 1/100. All 98 rabbits over 2 months old had titers
      above 1/100 and 83 had titers over 1/1000. Rotavirus was detected in 25% of
      diarrheic feces and in 10% of normal feces.

PMID- 3702334
TI  - The effect of recipient age on the success of embryo transfer in mice.
AB  - Eight-hundred-sixteen morulae and blastocysts were transferred to the uteri of
      102 recipients of various ages on Day 3 or 4 of pseudopregnancy (Day 1 is the day
      of the vaginal plug). Day 3 recipients had significantly higher pregnancy rates
      and embryo survival rates than Day 4 recipients. Recipient age had little effect
      on pregnancy rates, but had a significant effect on embryo survival in Day 3
      recipients. Day 3 recipients of 11-13 weeks of age had the highest pregnancy rate
      (100%) and embryo survival (75%). The results suggest that recipient age should
      be considered an important factor in embryo transfer experiments.

PMID- 3702333
TI  - Stimulation of colonic goblet cells by cecal filtrates from rabbits with
      experimental mucoid enteropathy.
AB  - Mucoid enteropathy was induced experimentally by ligation of the cecum, and
      sterile filtrates were prepared from cecal contents of sick and control rabbits.
      Explants were prepared from the colons of normal rabbits and were maintained in a
      short-term organ culture system. Cecal filtrates from rabbits with experimental
      mucoid enteropathy when added to the culture medium, stimulated mucus secretion
      and discharge from goblet cells. This was exhibited by an increase in number of
      visible goblet cells, presence of mucus in crypt lumen and/or presence of a
      significant amount of mucus blanketing the surface epithelium. The results
      indicated that a mucus-stimulating substance, a goblet cell secretagogue, was
      produced in the cecum of affected rabbits.

PMID- 3702335
TI  - Enclosure design and reproductive success of baboons used for reproductive
      research in Kenya.
AB  - Three 125mz enclosures were designed to enable collection of urine from female
      baboons (Papio sp.) during early pregnancy, while maintaining them in close
      continuous social contact to permanent breeding groups. Attached to each
      enclosure were individual cages to which females were confined for urine
      collections. Over the 18-month period following group formation, 60 of 67 females
      became pregnant and then 51 reconceived following surgical termination of
      pregnancy. A total of 181 pregnancies were recorded. Over 75% of reconceptions
      occurred within the first two cycles following surgery. The enclosures have
      proved to be extremely versatile, allowing sampling of individual animals
      maintained in group conditions with the ability to interact socially.

PMID- 3702336
TI  - Selected coagulation reference values for adult and juvenile baboons.
AB  - Sodium citrated blood samples were collected from clinically normal baboons of
      various ages. Prothrombin times, activated partial thromboplastin times and
      quantitative fibrinogen levels were determined using current, widely available
      techniques. Arithmetic mean values and observed ranges were determined for 61
      animals.

PMID- 3702337
TI  - Diagnostic exercise: head tilt in a gerbil.

PMID- 3702338
TI  - Francisella tularensis infection in captive, wild caught prairie dogs.
AB  - An adult, wild caught prairie dog was found dehydrated and ataxic, with severe
      diarrhea. Gross necropsy lesions consisted of scattered pinpoint white foci
      throughout the liver and spleen. A massive, purulent bronchopneumonia was found
      also. Direct fluorescent antibody tests and culture of spleen and liver samples
      confirmed a diagnosis of tularemia.

PMID- 3702339
TI  - A technique for repeated sampling of pure cerebrospinal fluid from the conscious
      rabbit.
AB  - For the study of drug pharmacokinetics' a reliable method for repeated sampling
      of uncontaminated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from a conscious rabbit was
      established. The subdural space was punctured between a spinous processes of the
      lumbar vertebrae. A catheter was inserted through a cannula and pushed up to the
      region of the cisterna magna. After removing the cannula, the distal end of the
      catheter was sealed and placed subcutaneously until the onset of the experiments.
      Ten days after the insertion, samples of clear and colorless CSF up to 1 ml could
      be withdrawn.

PMID- 3702340
TI  - Establishment of a Chinese hamster breeding colony.
AB  - A colony of outbred Chinese hamsters, Cricetulus griseus, was established.
      Attempts to use previously published methods of physically protecting the males
      were unsatisfactory. Rather, females were selected for nonaggressive behavior.
      Breeding was among pairs allowed to cohabit for 5 1/2 days. Production was
      typically in excess of 180 offspring per month, with an average breeder
      population of 44 females and 30 males. Litters were weaned at 3 weeks of age. At
      that time, appropriate numbers of offspring of female parents with a history
      including nonaggressive behavior, fecundity and freedom from seizures were
      retained for use as future breeders. Females were first bred at 8-12 weeks of age
      and males at 8-12 months. The remaining animals were maintained in groups of like
      sex littermates until used. With these methods, mortality among breeder males due
      to overly aggressive female behavior was reduced to 3%. Animal husbandry
      procedures and record keeping requirements were relatively simple, not labor
      intensive and would be easily adaptable to most facilities.

PMID- 3702341
TI  - Use of the chicken heart in a Langendorff preparation.
AB  - Hearts isolated from healthy chickens were perfused with oxygenated Krebs
      Henseleit buffer. Balloons were inserted into the left ventricle, filled with
      saline and attached to a pressure transducer for measuring left ventricular
      pressures. A bipolar electrogram was obtained between the atria and ventricles.
      Hearts so perfused manifested mechanical alternans for approximately 15 minutes,
      after which they sustained a regular sinus rhythm without mechanical alternans
      for at least 60 minutes. By infusing 0.1 ml increments of saline into the balloon
      located within the ventricle, Frank-Starling curves could be generated. This
      preparation has potential for use in pharmacologic evaluations.

PMID- 3702342
TI  - Complement and neutrophil-mediated injury of perfused rat lungs.
AB  - It has previously been shown that systemic complement activation in rats leads to
      acute lung injury. We have now employed an ex vivo model of perfused rat lung
      which allows a more detailed examination of the role of circulating blood
      elements and pulmonary vascular pressure changes in the acute lung injury that
      occurs following cobra venom factor (CVF)-induced complement activation. In whole
      blood perfused lungs CVF infusion resulted in lung leukocyte sequestration,
      pulmonary vascular constriction, and acute lung injury. Lung injury was measured
      by quantitating the accumulation of [125I]-bovine serum albumin in lung
      parenchyma and alveolar lavage fluid. A histologic analysis of CVF-induced lung
      injury revealed the development of intravascular aggregates of platelets and
      accumulation of neutrophils, extensive bleb formation of pulmonary capillary
      interstitial endothelial cells, and interstitial and intraalveolar edema and
      intraalveolar hemorrhage. Experiments in lungs perfused with salt solution to
      which various blood elements were added showed that the development of lung
      injury was dependent on neutrophils and the interaction of CVF with heat-labile
      plasma components. The lung injury was not dependent on the presence of platelets
      or the pulmonary artery pressor response. Addition of catalase or erythrocytes to
      the lung perfusate significantly attenuated the acute lung injury. Like the
      development of lung injury, the pulmonary artery pressor response was dependent
      on the interaction of CVF with heat labile plasma components and neutrophils. The
      increase in PA pressure was not attenuated by the addition of catalase to the
      lung perfusate. These studies suggest that intravascular activation of the
      complement system leads to an acute microvascular injury which is dependent on
      neutrophils and the production of toxic oxygen metabolites. Pulmonary vascular
      constriction occurs independently of the associated lung injury and does not
      appear to be dependent on hydrogen peroxide production.

PMID- 3702343
TI  - Varied effects of experimental diabetes on the autonomic nervous system of the
      rat.
AB  - Disorders of the autonomic nervous system are a frequent late complication of
      human diabetes. They have been extensively studied clinically, yet their
      pathologic aspects are still poorly understood. Also, reports on the autonomic
      nervous system in animal models for diabetes are scanty. Therefore we have
      investigated sympathetic preganglionic and postganglionic nerve fibers, vagal
      fibers, as well as sympathetic and enteric neurons of male Wistar rats 1 year
      after streptozotocin or vehicle injection. By light and electron microscopic
      morphology we observed: various degenerative changes in sympathetic neurons and
      in Schwann cells of the sympathetic fibers; intraaxonal glycogen deposits in all
      fiber types; and a large amount of lipoid material in intraganglionic and
      endoneural mesenchymal cells. By morphometry, the cytoplasmic area and perimeter
      as well as the cytoplasmic to nuclear ratio were significantly reduced in the
      sympathetic neurons of diabetic rats. Further we found axonal dwindling, enlarged
      myelin-axons space and an increased number of Schwann cell pi-granules in the
      sympathetic preganglionic fibers of diabetic animals. Axonal glycogenosomes were
      absent in the vagus of control and were present in that of diabetic rats. By
      stereology, the mitochondria and smooth endoplasmic reticulum were reduced in the
      sympathetic neurons of diabetic rats, whereas in the same animals the volume
      density of the Golgi complex was increased in the sympathetic neurons and
      decreased in the enteric neurons. In conclusion, relevant changes occur in the
      sympathetic preganglionic nerve fibers which suggest a causal relationship
      between fiber and neuronal lesions. Further, the stereologic findings imply
      decreased cellular activity and imbalance between cellular synthesis and
      secretion in the sympathetic neurons.

PMID- 3702344
TI  - Coronary and aortic atherosclerosis in young men from Tokyo and New Orleans.
AB  - Comparisons of atherosclerotic lesions in 25- to 44-year-old men from Tokyo,
      Japan and New Orleans, Louisiana, by age and cause of death, show significantly
      more extensive involvement with raised lesions in the coronary arteries and
      abdominal aorta of black and white men from New Orleans than in men from Tokyo.
      New Orleans white men have approximately 3-fold the raised lesion intimal surface
      involvement of their Japanese counterparts in both the aorta and coronary
      arteries. These findings suggest the need for more extensive and detailed
      comparisons of atherosclerotic lesions to provide the background information
      necessary for effective preventive efforts in these two industrialized,
      technically advanced societies.

PMID- 3702345
TI  - Effect of lactate, pyruvate, and pH on secretion of angiogenesis and mitogenesis
      factors by macrophages.
AB  - Macrophages secrete substances that stimulate angiogenesis and mitogenesis at
      wound sites. To test whether metabolic characteristics of the wound such as high
      lactate concentration and low pH may regulate the expression of these substances,
      macrophages were cultured in lactalbumin hydrolysate and then in increasing
      concentrations of lactate, pyruvate, and hydrogen ions, and cell-free
      supernatants were collected. Cultures incubated in concentrations of lactate
      approximating those observed in wounds secreted an angiogenesis factor or
      factors, but cultures incubated in equivalent concentrations of pyruvate or at pH
      6.2 did not. These observations seem to be specific to macrophages because
      capillary endothelial cells and fibroblasts failed to secrete an angiogenesis
      factor when cultured under hypoxic conditions or in high concentrations of
      lactate. None of these conditions changed the expression of macrophage mitogens.

PMID- 3702346
TI  - The analysis of ethanol in serum, blood, and urine: a comparison of the TDx REA
      ethanol assay with gas chromatography.
AB  - Studies were performed to evaluate two Abbott TDx ethanol assays, one which is
      commercially available (TDx-INT) and the other which is under experimental trial
      (TDx-MTT). Both assays employ radiative energy attenuation (REA) and differ only
      in the dye used for the chromogen. TDx-INT and TDx-MTT were compared to a
      headspace gas chromatographic method of analysis. Four types of specimens were
      studied: serum, urine, postmortem blood, and blood from intoxicated drivers
      (DWI). Specimens not containing ethanol were also analyzed. Statistical
      evaluation by least square regression analysis revealed good correlation (greater
      than 0.98) for each group when ethanol values obtained by either TDx method were
      compared to the value obtained by gas chromatography. The slopes of the lines
      ranged from 0.96 to 1.02.

PMID- 3702347
TI  - The determination of commonly used iodinated contrast media in postmortem samples
      using HPLC and TLC.
AB  - A rapid micro method is described for the determination of diatrizoic,
      iothalamic, ioxaglic, and iopanoic acids in postmortem liver and blood. The
      compounds were extracted with methanol and analyzed by high performance liquid
      chromatography using a C18 column. The mobile phase consisted of methanol:PIC A
      with ultraviolet detection at 232 and 242 nm. Recoveries of about 85% were
      obtained. A thin layer chromatographic system is described which separates the
      four compounds. The spots were hydrolyzed and sprayed with a diazonium coupling
      reagent to produce colored spots with sensitivities of 0.02 to 0.1 micrograms.
      Postmortem levels are given for two deaths involving diatrizoic acid.

PMID- 3702348
TI  - A rapid method for the identification of acidic, neutral, and basic drugs in
      postmortem liver specimens by Toxi-Lab.
AB  - A rapid, qualitative method for the identification of drugs and drug metabolites
      in postmortem liver specimens has been developed using the Toxi-Lab drug
      screening system. A single-step liquid-liquid extraction, using
      heptane/dichloromethane, was employed for acidic/neutral drugs. Basic/neutral
      drugs were extracted with 1-chlorobutane and subjected to back-extraction and
      lipid clean-up. Chromatographic separation and drug identification required no
      further modifications of the Toxi-Lab procedure. The method, including tissue
      preparation, requires approximately 2 hr, is compatible with GLC analysis, and
      utilizes minimal sample size. The assay allows detection of 5 to 20 micrograms of
      drug/g of tissue. The use of this assay in forensic analyses is discussed.

PMID- 3702349
TI  - A sensitive method to monitor trace quantities of benzanthrone in workers of
      dyestuff industries.
AB  - Dyestuff workers coming in contact with benzanthrone (an intermediate used for
      the synthesis of a variety of dyes) develop skin lesions, gastritis, liver
      malfunctions, and sexual disturbances. A highly sensitive fluorometric method to
      monitor trace quantities of benzanthrone in urine, serum, and biological tissues
      for experimental studies, has been developed. Coupled with simple extraction and
      resolution, optimum fluorescence is obtained in an equal mixture of
      chloroform:methanol, detecting as low as 2 ng benzanthrone. This method is
      approximately 250 times more sensitive than currently available colorimetric
      assay.

PMID- 3702351
TI  - Alcohol and safety in industry.

PMID- 3702350
TI  - Distribution of prilocaine in body fluids and tissues in lethal overdose.
AB  - A case of lethal overdose by prilocaine, a local anaesthetic, is presented. The
      patient died in the dental office during treatment, and the time course of events
      was documented. The drug concentration in blood, urine, and liver was measured.

PMID- 3702353
TI  - The clinical manifestations of byssinosis in Indian textile workers.

PMID- 3702352
TI  - Respiratory cancer in a Scottish industrial community: a retrospective case
      control study.

PMID- 3702354
TI  - Occupational asthma caused by nickel salts.

PMID- 3702355
TI  - The circumstances of working children in a soap factory in Nigeria.

PMID- 3702356
TI  - Respiratory effects of arc welding.

PMID- 3702357
TI  - patterns of occupational health nursing practice.

PMID- 3702358
TI  - Object grouping strategies by adults: evaluating a class act.
AB  - Eighty unimpaired adult subjects were exposed to the iconic-symbolic (I-S)
      subtest (Muma & Muma, 1979), an instrument designed to provide evidence regarding
      object grouping processes in clinical populations. I-S instructions and a revised
      (REV) instruction were employed. Subjects were also asked to provide a rationale
      statement for each object grouping. The 2,880 rationale statements thus generated
      were analyzed on the isomorphism between the statements and the object grouping
      criteria presumed by the I-S test design. Significantly higher isomorphic levels
      occurred under REV instructions, although fewer than one-half of the REV subjects
      performed at the cognitive (i.e., symbolic) stage defined and predicted by the I
      S protocols. Subjects demonstrated an overwhelming preference for the formation
      of taxonomic classes rather than for schematic-based object groupings as has been
      argued by some writers. Analysis of rationale statements strongly suggested that
      three major strategies were employed by individual subjects in the establishment
      of object classes: an intensional, an extensional, and a mixed intensional
      extensional strategy. It was concluded that adult subjects show a range of
      classification strategies, those strategies are best described by using something
      other than an iconic-symbolic dichotomy, and classification tasks devoid of a
      rationale component may foster incomplete and potentially distorted conclusions
      concerning grouping abilities and underlying processes.

PMID- 3702359
TI  - Relationship between pure-tone and speech loudness discomfort levels among
      hearing-impaired subjects.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate how accurately pure-tone (250-6000
      Hz) loudness discomfort levels (LDLs) predict speech (CID Test W-22) LDLs. One
      ear was tested in each of 50 elderly subjects with mild-to-moderate sensorineural
      hearing loss. The results revealed poor-to-fair correlations (r = 0.00 to 0.42)
      and large standard errors of estimate (approximately 9.5 dB). Thus, it was
      concluded that pure-tone LDLs are not accurate predictors of the speech LDL, and,
      if the clinician wants to ascertain the upper intensity for listening to speech,
      this measurement must be made directly.

PMID- 3702360
TI  - The use of perceptual methods by new clinicians for assessing voice quality.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of using
      perceptual ratings for assessing voice quality in patients with vocal fold
      nodules or polyps. A 13-dimension perceptual rating system was modeled after
      systems currently in clinical use. To meet the criterion of 80% mean interjudge
      reliability, eight hours of training were required for four previously
      inexperienced listeners. Extended vowel phonations of patients and controls were
      then rated blindly by the same listeners. Interjudge reliability was greater than
      .90 for three dimensions judged in the pathological phonations, while intrajudge
      test-retest agreement was less than 75% on five dimensions. Validity was
      demonstrated with 100% correct assignment to group by computing a discriminant
      function employing all dimensions. Despite the extensive training procedures
      used, our reliability data were not comparable to those reported when highly
      experienced judges have been used, suggesting that the task of perceptually
      rating voice quality is difficult and requires extensive professional experience.

PMID- 3702361
TI  - Evaluation of a simile recognition treatment program for hearing-impaired
      students.
AB  - The investigation incorporated a changing criterion design to demonstrate the
      effectiveness of a treatment program designed to increase recognition of similes
      by two hearing-impaired students. Results indicated that the treatment program
      increased the students' ability to correctly match similes and descriptive
      passages. Implications for practitioners and suggestions for future research are
      discussed.

PMID- 3702362
TI  - Characteristics of children with phonologic disorders of unknown origin.
AB  - Descriptive data are presented from three studies of children referred for
      assessment of a developmental speech disorder of unknown origin. Group findings
      indicate that these children have involvements in mechanism, cognitive, and
      psychosocial areas that warrant attention in theoretical explication of and early
      intervention for their communication deficits. The reliability, learnability, and
      efficiency of a diagnostic classification system that attempts to provide
      characteristic speech profiles for diagnostic subtypes is also considered.

PMID- 3702363
TI  - Effect of monaural hearing aid use on dichotic test results for individuals with
      high-frequency hearing impairment.
AB  - It is well documented that the majority of individuals with normal hearing have a
      right ear advantage for dichotic speech material. There is evidence, however,
      that individuals with flat sensorineural hearing loss demonstrate a left ear
      advantage after they have used amplification on the left side. The present study
      examined whether these findings could be extended to a population with high
      frequency hearing impairment. The subjects were administered dichotic consonant
      vowel syllable tests prior to a monaural hearing aid fitting, and the tests were
      repeated after 1 month and again after 6 months of hearing aid use. The results
      revealed a group right ear advantage prior to the hearing aid fitting, although
      there was considerable individual variability. No consistent changes in the test
      scores were shown to be associated with monaural hearing aid use in either the
      right ear or the left ear.

PMID- 3702364
TI  - Airway resistances of Blom-Singer and Panje Low Pressure tracheoesophageal
      puncture prostheses.
AB  - Airway resistances were calculated for two newly commercialized tracheoesophageal
      (TE) puncture prostheses: the Panje Low Pressure Voice Button and the Blom-Singer
      Low Pressure device. The airway resistances of newly commercialized Panje Low
      Pressure devices could not be distinguished from those calculated for previously
      commercialized, Regular Pressure Voice Button devices. Airway resistances of Blom
      Singer Low Pressure devices increased systematically as a function of flow rate.
      Findings are compared with existing data to provide readers with an opportunity
      to evaluate the relative efficiency of air shunting among contemporary TE
      puncture prostheses. Results are interpreted in relation to their implications
      for selecting surgical-prosthetic options for laryngectomized patients.

PMID- 3702365
TI  - Subcortical crossed aphasia: a case report.
AB  - A 74-year-old, right-handed woman suffered acute aphasia and left hemiplegia
      secondary to a cerebral infarction in the right cerebral hemisphere. The lesion
      was located deep in the parietal lobe and extended to the posterior limb of the
      internal capsule and the head of the caudate nucleus. The patient's aphasia was
      characterized by severe impairment in auditory and visual comprehension and
      auditory retention span, as well as by anomia, agraphia, and dyscalculia. She
      showed rapid recovery from her aphasia, with residual deficits in writing,
      naming, calculation, and memory.

PMID- 3702366
TI  - The labeling problem in aphasia: an illustrative case.
AB  - Twenty-five "experts" on neurogenic motor speech disorders participated in a
      tutorial exercise. Each was given information on M, a patient who had
      communication difficulties as the result of stroke, and asked to complete a
      questionnaire about his problem. The information included a detailed case
      description, an audiotape of M's speech obtained at 4, 9, 13, and 17 days post
      stroke, and test results from the Western Aphasia Battery, the Token Test, and a
      battery for apraxia of speech. The experts were in excellent agreement on M's
      primary problem, although it was called by seven different names. The experts
      were in poor agreement on his secondary problem(s), e.g., the presence and type
      of aphasia and dysarthria. The results suggest that labeling is difficult, even
      for "experts." Furthermore, the practicing clinician needs to be sensitive to the
      likelihood of more than one coexisting problem.

PMID- 3702367
TI  - A response to Goehl and Kaufman (1984) "Do the effects of adventitious deafness
      include disordered speech?".

PMID- 3702368
TI  - Stuttering as involuntary loss of speech control: barking up a new tree.

PMID- 3702369
TI  - Prevalence of speech and language disorders in 5-year-old kindergarten children
      in the Ottawa-Carleton region.
AB  - A representative sample of 5-year-old kindergarten children was assessed for
      speech and/or language disorder. Of the 1,655 children tested, 180 were
      identified as having speech or language impairment. It is estimated that within
      the total reference population, between 16.2% and 21.8% would show some
      impairment; for the boys, the rate would be 15.5% to 20.7% and for the girls,
      between 19.1% and 25.1%. Most of these children would show some language
      impairment as opposed to speech problems only. Approximately 36% of the
      identified boys and 30% of the girls would have speech problems only, the
      remainder having speech and language problems or language problems only. Followup
      studies of these children are needed to ascertain their outcome and language
      status in middle childhood.

PMID- 3702370
TI  - Changes in aerodynamic characteristics of stutterers' fluent speech associated
      with therapy.
AB  - Stuttering frequency and four aerodynamic measures of articulatory events within
      perceptually fluent voiced and voiceless intervocalic intervals were obtained
      from 15 stutterers prior to and at the termination of a concentrated program of
      stuttering therapy. Three of the four aerodynamic variables showed group changes
      over the course of therapy concomitant with improvements in fluency. Additional
      correlational analyses suggested that one of the aerodynamic variables was
      specifically related to stuttering frequency. It is argued that both fluency
      enhancing and ancillary components of therapy operate to influence the
      intervocalic interval.

PMID- 3702371
TI  - Effects of direction and rate of ear-canal pressure changes on tympanometric
      measures.
AB  - The effects of the direction (ascending and descending) and rate (12.5, 25.0, and
      50.0 daPa/s) of ear-canal pressure changes on three tympanometric measures (peak
      static admittance, shape, and tympanometric peak pressure) were studied in 24
      adults with normal middle-ear transmission systems. Susceptance, conductance,
      admittance, and phase angle data for the six conditions both at 226 and 678 Hz
      were obtained using a general purpose computer. Peak static admittance was
      significantly affected by both the rate and direction of pressure change as
      evidenced by a decrease in phase angle for ascending and for fast rates of ear
      canal pressure change. Tympanometric shape was broader for descending pressure
      changes with less frequent notching both for descending and for slow rates of
      pressure change. Finally, the difference in peak pressure for the two directions
      of pressure change increased with the rate of ear-canal pressure change.

PMID- 3702372
TI  - Conversational replies of children with specific language impairment.
AB  - Conversational replies were examined in two groups of children with comparable
      vocabularies and speech limited to single-word utterances: children with specific
      language impairment, ages 2:10 to 3:6 (years:months); and children, ages 1:5 to
      1:11, who were developing language normally. In interactions with adults the
      language-impaired children produced a greater number and variety of replies to
      both questions and statements than the normal-language children. The findings
      suggest that language-impaired children can serve as responsive
      conversationalists when syntactic skill is not a factor and that comprehension,
      world knowledge, and/or experience with conversations permit considerable
      variability in conversational skill even within the same level of expressive
      language ability.

PMID- 3702373
TI  - Application of ABRs to the hearing-aid selection process: preliminary data.
AB  - This paper describes preliminary data on the use of click-evoked ABRs in the
      hearing aid selection process. Four normal-hearing and 4 hearing-impaired
      subjects were tested with a hearing aid set at three different frequency response
      settings. Estimates of gain were calculated using shifts in Wave V thresholds,
      shifts in Wave V latency-level functions, acoustic-reflex measurements, coupler
      gain measurements, and measurements of functional gain. Results suggest that the
      click-evoked ABR does not distinguish between differing amounts of low-frequency
      gain, although reasonable estimates of high-frequency gain appear possible. Also
      discussed are technical factors that must be considered when using the ABR in the
      hearing aid evaluation process.

PMID- 3702374
TI  - Sample size and type-token ratios for oral language of preschool children.
AB  - This study investigated the stability of five type-token ratios (TTRs) in 50
      utterance oral language samples segmented into nine lengths. The samples were
      obtained from 83 children, 3, 4, and 5 years of age. The five TTRs included the
      basic type-token ratio, the corrected type-token ratio, the root type-token
      ratio, the bilogarithmic type-token ratio, and the Characteristic K. The sample
      segment sizes consisted of the first, second, third, and fourth 50-word segments;
      the first and second 100-word segments; the first 150-word segment; the first 200
      word segment; and the total 50-utterance sample. Based on the results of this
      study, TTR measures on the language of young children should not be compared for
      samples that differ in number of words. Further, TTR measures for sample size of
      50 and 100 words have reliabilities that are judged to be inadequate for research
      or clinical purposes. The size of the language sample needed for minimum
      reliability of .70 is 350 words. Greater reliability requires larger word-sample
      size.

PMID- 3702375
TI  - Communicative interactions of mildly delayed and normally developing preschool
      children: effects of listener's developmental level.
AB  - The communicative interactions of mildly delayed and normally developing
      preschool children were recorded during free play as they interacted with
      children at different developmental levels in a mainstreamed program. Analyses of
      syntactic complexity, semantic diversity, functional aspects of speech, and the
      use of selected discourse devices indicated that mildly delayed children adjusted
      important characteristics of their speech in accordance with the cognitive and
      linguistic levels of their companions. Specifically, speech addressed to less
      developmentally advanced children was less complex, more diverse, and consisted
      of a greater proportion of behavior requests but contained proportionally fewer
      information requests or information statements. These adjustments appeared to be
      well suited for improving communicative effectiveness and were similar in
      magnitude and direction to those of normally developing children. In addition,
      both mildly delayed and normally developing groups were generally successful in
      obtaining responses to their behavior and information requests. The implications
      of these findings were discussed in relation to the communicative competence of
      young children and to early childhood mainstreaming.

PMID- 3702376
TI  - Middle-latency and 40-Hz auditory evoked responses in normal-hearing subjects:
      click and 500-Hz thresholds.
AB  - Click and 500-Hz tone-burst thresholds were determined by four independent judges
      from sequentially recorded auditory brain stem responses--middle-latency
      responses (ABR-MLR)--and from 40-Hz event-related potentials (ERP) in 10 normal
      hearing subjects. The thresholds determined from the two electrophysiologic
      methods were compared to each other and to behavioral pure-tone thresholds by
      means of matched-pair t tests (alpha less than or equal to .016 for each
      comparison). Thresholds estimated from both techniques closely approximated
      behavioral audiometric thresholds. The general trend was for the 40-Hz ERP
      thresholds to be lower than the MLR thresholds. However, the statistical analysis
      indicated that the differences between the two electrophysiologic thresholds and
      pure-tone audiometric thresholds were not significant. At threshold, the
      amplitudes of the 40-Hz ERPs were almost twice as large as the MLR amplitudes for
      clicks and only slightly larger than the MLR amplitudes for the 500-Hz tone
      bursts. It was concluded that the MLR and the 40-Hz ERP techniques are equally
      viable procedures for threshold estimation in adults.

PMID- 3702377
TI  - Articulation development in preschool children: consistency of productions.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to describe the consistency of productions of
      /theta, r, l, s, t, f, t, k/ in releasing and arresting position for 2 1/2- to 5
      year-old children. The Coarticulation Assessment in Meaningful Language (Kenney &
      Prather, 1984) was given to 360 children, 60 at each of six age levels. A four
      way multivariate analysis of variance with repeated measures on the last two
      factors was used to test for main effects and interactions among age, sex,
      phoneme, and position. These children produced /theta, t, l, f/with greater
      accuracy in the releasing position, but articulated /k, s, t/ at similar levels
      of accuracy in both positions. They produced /r/ with greater accuracy as a
      vocalic allophone. Further patterns and interactions are discussed.

PMID- 3702378
TI  - Intraoral air pressure and oral air flow under different bleed and bite-block
      conditions.
AB  - Intraoral pressures and oral flows were measured as normal talkers produced /p
      lambda/ and /si/ under experimental conditions that perturbed the usual
      aeromechanical production characteristics of the consonants. A translabial
      pressure-release device was used to bleed off intraoral pressure during /p/. Bite
      blocks were used to open the anterior bite artificially during /s/. For /p/,
      intraoral pressure decreased and translabial air leakage increased as bleed
      orifice area increased. For /s/, flow increased as the area of sibilant
      constriction increased, but differential pressure across the /s/ oral
      constriction did not vary systematically with changes in its area. Flow on
      postconsonantal vowels /lambda/ and /i/ did not vary systematically across
      experimental conditions. The data imply that maintenance of perturbed intraoral
      pressure was more effective when compensatory options included opportunity for
      increased respiratory drive and structural adjustments at the place of consonant
      articulation rather than increased respiratory drive alone.

PMID- 3702379
TI  - Speech waveform perturbation analysis: a perceptual-acoustical comparison of
      seven measures.
AB  - The performance of seven acoustic measures of cycle-to-cycle variations
      (perturbations) in the speech waveform was compared. All measures were calculated
      automatically and applied on running speech. Three of the measures refer to the
      frequency of occurrence and severity of waveform perturbations in special
      selected parts of the speech, identified by means of the rate of change in the
      fundamental frequency. Three other measures refer to statistical properties of
      the distribution of the relative frequency differences between adjacent pitch
      periods. One perturbation measure refers to the percentage of consecutive pitch
      period differences with alternating signs. The acoustic measures were tested on
      tape recorded speech samples from 41 voice patients, before and after successful
      therapy. Scattergrams of acoustic waveform perturbation data versus an average of
      perceived deviant voice qualities, as rated by voice clinicians, are presented.
      The perturbation measures were compared with regard to the acoustic-perceptual
      correlation and their ability to discriminate between normal and pathological
      voice status. The standard deviation of the distribution of the relative
      frequency differences was suggested as the most useful acoustic measure of
      waveform perturbations for clinical applications.

PMID- 3702380
TI  - Tinnitus induced by tones.
AB  - Noisy sounding tinnitus was induced in 11 normally hearing subjects following
      monaural presentation of intense pure tones. The sensation level of a comparison
      noise, matched in loudness to the tinnitus by the subjects, was found to increase
      first rapidly and then slowly before dying away within about 90 s. The peak level
      of the tinnitus increased with the level of the inducing tone but was unaffected
      by its duration or frequency; the duration of the tinnitus was positively related
      to the frequency but not to the level or duration of the tone. Temporary
      threshold shift measured with pulsed noise generally occurred after, rather than
      during, the tinnitus. Substantial individual differences, particularly in the
      duration of the tinnitus, were apparent.

PMID- 3702381
TI  - Relationship between intraoral air pressure and vocal intensity in children and
      adults.
AB  - Intraoral air pressure (Po) varies as a function of age. Specifically, children
      produce significantly higher Po values than adults. The higher Po produced by
      children has been discussed in relation to age-related volumetric differences of
      the subglottal and vocal tract, to lung compression differences, and to the fact
      that children's "comfortable" speaking level might exceed that of adults. The
      present study was undertaken to evaluate the hypothesis that children (vs.
      adults) and women (vs. men) produce higher Po values when sound pressure level
      (SPL) is held constant. Measurements were made of Po generated by children and
      adults during a connected speech task completed at three intensity levels. The
      findings of the study indicated that peak Po values increased as vocal intensity
      increased for all subject groups, peak Po values were higher for voiceless stops
      than for voiced stops, and peak Po values were not significantly different for
      adults than for children or for men than for women. These results were
      interpreted to show that despite physical and physiological differences between
      male and female, and between adult and child vocal tracts, all groups use the
      same Po mechanism for achieving a given vocal intensity level.

PMID- 3702382
TI  - Development of conversational repair strategies in response to requests for
      clarification.
AB  - Conversational repair sequences are an important aspect of communicative
      interaction. These sequences may occur in the event of communication failure if a
      listener requests clarification of a previous aspect of the speaker's message.
      The purpose of this study was to investigate the repair strategies employed in
      conversation by children at four age levels. Ten linguistically normal children
      were sampled from each of the following age levels: 2:7 to 3:10, 4:10 to 5:10,
      6:10 to 7:10, and 8:10 to 9:10 (years:months), resulting in a total of 40
      subjects. Each subject was asked to describe a series of action pictures for an
      examiner who was seated behind a screen. At regular intervals, the examiner
      responded to the child's description by initiating a stacked repair sequence.
      Results indicated that subjects at all age levels complied with the initial
      request for clarification the majority of the time. However, with increasing age,
      subjects became more adept at handling the stacked sequence of requests for
      clarification. Older children were more responsive to the requests, and 9-year
      old subjects demonstrated a wider range of strategies in providing repairs.

PMID- 3702383
TI  - Comparison of pure-tone audibility thresholds obtained with audiological and two
      interval forced-choice procedures.
AB  - Audibility thresholds were measured at 500 and 4000 Hz with a standard clinical
      procedure and a two-interval, forced-choice (2IFC) adaptive procedure for 72
      normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners, age 17 to 83. Psychometric
      functions were obtained for clinical, 2IFC, and Yes-No procedures. A measure of
      response bias was obtained from the Yes-No procedure. The 2IFC adaptive
      thresholds were 6.5 dB lower than audiological thresholds. The psychometric
      functions for the forced-choice procedures were generally shallower than those
      for the clinical procedure and were shifted to lower sound pressure levels.
      Response bias played a small role at best in accounting for the magnitude of the
      difference in threshold estimated by the adaptive and clinical procedures or for
      the differences among the psychometric functions.

PMID- 3702384
TI  - Acoustic-reflex growth for multitone complexes.
AB  - The effects of activator spectral density on the growth characteristics of the
      acoustic reflex were evaluated in normal-hearing subjects. Reflex-growth dynamics
      were evaluated for computer-synthesized activators composed of 2 to 50 components
      and bandwidths wider and more narrow than the reported critical band for loudness
      summation. Although acoustic-reflex characteristics varied with activator
      bandwidth, there were no significant differences in reflex-growth patterns as a
      function of activator density (number of components). The findings suggest that,
      like loudness summation, growth or magnitude characteristics of the acoustic
      reflex are unaffected by the spectral density of the signal.

PMID- 3702385
TI  - A computer-controlled vowel corrector for the hearing impaired.
AB  - The Vowel Corrector is a visual aid to be used in speech training of the hearing
      impaired. The display provides information about the identity of vowels spoken in
      isolation or in monosyllables. Vowels appear on a screen as differently located
      areas in a space, the coordinates of which are obtained from a dimensional
      analysis of vowel spectra. Resolving properties of the device, indexed by a
      measure of area overlap, are examined in detail. In particular, implications for
      differentiating utterances of male, female, and child speakers are studied.
      Results show that the device has promising features and is especially useful for
      exploring the vowel space as well as for learning a global differentiation of the
      vowels. The discrimination of spectrally similar vowels is limited, however.
      Ideas for future improvements are discussed.

PMID- 3702386
TI  - Trophic effect of amniotic fluid on fetal gastrointestinal development.
AB  - To determine if amniotic fluid or its constituent trophic factors influence fetal
      gastrointestinal tract development we developed models of fetal esophageal
      ligation to prevent swallowing of amniotic fluid and fetal esophageal cannulation
      with infusion of various substances to mimic fetal swallowing. A total of 43
      fetuses was studied. Esophageal ligation resulted in a 32% reduction in gastric
      weight and a 40% reduction in serum gastrin level, compared to unoperated
      controls, whereas intestinal and liver weights were unchanged. Gastric acid
      concentration averaged 43.4 +/- 7.7 mumole/ml in control fetuses, but only 0.5 +/
      0.5 mumole/ml following esophageal ligation. Infusion of Ringer's lactate
      solution intragastrically did not prevent the changes in gut development seen
      after esophageal ligation. In contrast, infusion of bovine amniotic fluid
      resulted in relatively normal gut development, with a gastric acid concentration
      of 28.5 +/- 6.9 mumole/ml and liver and gastric weights and serum gastrin levels
      no different from control. Epidermal growth factor had a potent trophic effect on
      both somatic and gastrointestinal fetal growth and resulted in a mean gastric
      acid concentration of 35.2 +/- 6.6 mumole/ml. In contrast, pentagastrin, although
      restoring gastric weight to control values, had no effect on gastric acid
      secretion, with a mean of 0.1 +/- 0.1 mumole/ml. We conclude that fetal
      swallowing of amniotic fluid is essential in fetal gastrointestinal development,
      possibly via luminal trophic actions of peptides such as epidermal growth factor
      and gastrin.

PMID- 3702387
TI  - Effect of thromboxane synthetase inhibition on canine autogenous vein grafts.
AB  - This study examined the effect of an orally active thromboxane (TXA2) synthetase
      inhibitor (TSI) on the patency, TXA2 production, and platelet accumulation of
      reversed autogenous vein grafts. Ten dogs received TSI (U-63557A) 10 mg/kg po q8
      hr for 6 weeks, beginning 24 hr prior to surgery, while 15 control dogs were
      untreated. One jugular vein was harvested and stored in 37 degrees C saline for 1
      hr to induce mild endothelial injury (stored). Normal and stored jugular vein
      grafts (8 cm) were then implanted in opposite femoral arteries while 3-cm
      segments of the same veins were implanted in the carotid arteries. Femoral graft
      flow was restricted with a 5 Fr distal arterial stenosis and patency determined
      by arteriography at 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks. Vein graft endothelial surface TXB2
      production was measured by RIA at graft implantation and in carotid grafts
      harvested at 1 week. 111In-labeled platelets were given iv 24 hr prior to carotid
      graft harvest to determine graft-platelet deposition. TSI treatment improved
      early (1 week) femoral vein graft patency from 63 to 89% (P less than 0.05), a
      trend that persisted for 6 weeks. Warm saline storage reduced 1-week graft
      patency from 83 to 63% (P less than 0.05), a difference that decreased with time.
      TSI treatment resulted in a marked decrease in TXB2 production, but was not
      associated with decreased 111In-labeled platelet deposition in carotid vein
      grafts. Warm saline storage increased graft-platelet deposition which was
      predominant at the arterial anastomoses. TSI treatment may improve early vein
      graft patency during the transient period of endothelial injury.

PMID- 3702388
TI  - Transfemoral placement of intraluminal polyurethane prosthesis for abdominal
      aortic aneurysm.
AB  - Because of the significant mortality associated with the conventional surgical
      approach to abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) in the high risk patients and in
      those with ruptured aneurysms, we have developed a new approach to this problem,
      intraluminal aneurysm exclusion. This was achieved by an intraluminal prosthesis
      which approximated the diameter of the aorta above and below the aneurysm and is
      inserted through the femoral artery. The prosthesis consisted of biomedical grade
      elastomeric polyurethane with a NITINOL and/or stainless steel frame and was
      designed in such a configuration that it could be compressed inside a 15 F
      catheter and then regain its original shape after being discharged inside the
      aorta. The polyurethane prosthesis tolerated static pressures in excess of 300
      Torr. Aneurysmal aortas were created in three adult sheep using large knitted
      Dacron pathches (6 X 9 cm) sewn onto a longitudinal aortotomy. After 4-6 weeks,
      an intraluminal prosthesis was passed transfemorally to the location of the
      aortic aneurysm. Following satisfactory placement and expansion of the
      prosthesis, a laceration was produced in the aneurysmal wall. No bleeding
      developed, which confirmed the integrity of the prosthesis in excluding the
      aneurysm from the aorta proper. Pulsation in the iliac arteries indicated the
      presence of aortic blood flow through the prosthesis. Autopsy examination
      demonstrated directly that the prosthesis was open and that its two ends were
      fixed in the aorta above and below the aneurysm. The study has demonstrated that
      intraluminal AAA exclusion could be achieved with an intraluminal polyurethane
      prosthesis inserted through the femoral artery.

PMID- 3702389
TI  - Hexosaminidase: a marker for healing after ischemic gut injury.
AB  - Serum hexosaminidase activity (HEX) is elevated with ischemic gut injury. To
      determine if subsequent decreases in HEX correlate with gut healing, 97 weanling
      rats were subjected to laparotomy at which alternate vascular bundles were
      ligated along the base of the entire anterior mesenteric artery arcade. Fifteen
      rats served as preoperative controls. After recovery, rats were allowed ad lib
      food and water. Groups were then killed at intervals, blood was drawn for HEX
      determination, and samples of small bowel were taken for histological evaluation.
      Microscopically, focal ischemic necrosis began at 6 hr. Between 12 and 48 hr,
      cellular changes were consistent with progressive ischemic injury. Evidence of
      healing was apparent beginning at 5 days and these histological changes
      correlated with changes in HEX. Thus HEX proves useful as a marker for gut
      healing in this model.

PMID- 3702390
TI  - Evaluation of adenosine deaminase activity in patients with head and neck cancer.
AB  - ADA is a key enzyme in the mammalian purine salvage pathway. The lack of ADA
      activity has been linked to a lack of cellular immunity in various immune and
      myeloproliferative disorders. Data on its role in patients with solid tumors are
      scant and inconclusive. In this report, we have evaluated the activity of this
      enzyme in the peripheral lymphocytes of patients with head and neck squamous cell
      cancer (HNC). The mean ADA activity in Stage IV patients (0.57 +/- 0.08 SEM, n =
      12) was significantly lower than that of controls (1.55 +/- 0.25 SEM, P less than
      0.05, n = 14) and also significantly lower that the mean ADA activity in patients
      with Stages I, II, and III (1.14 +/- 0.10 SEM, P less than 0.05, n = 17).
      Fourteen out of 19 controls, Stage I, II, and III patients had positive skin
      tests compared to 7 out of 10 Stage IV patients. These differences were not
      statistically significant. There was also no correlation between ADA activity and
      the absolute lymphocyte counts. Our results indicate that ADA activity in
      lymphocytes of patients with advanced HNC is lower than that of controls or
      patients with earlier stages of the disease. ADA may be a more sensitive
      indicator of suppressed cellular immunity than delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity
      reactions, or monitoring absolute lymphocyte counts.

PMID- 3702391
TI  - Peripheral tissue metabolism in man with varied disease states and similar weight
      loss.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of tumor burden and benign
      inflammatory disease on peripheral tissue metabolism independent of antecedent
      weight loss. This was accomplished by comparing forearm substrate flux profiles
      in cachectic cancer and benign disease patients to those of normal subjects
      before and after 10 days of total protein calorie depletion. Tumor-bearing
      patients (CA), benign disease patients (BD), and starved (ST) normal volunteers
      had similar weight loss. Resting energy expenditure was not significantly
      different between the study populations. Efflux of total amino acids (TAA
      [nmole/100 ml tissue-min]) decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) in the
      normals after 10 days of starvation (-886 +/- 185 postabsorptive (PA) vs -278 +/-
      60 (ST]. CA patients had TAA efflux of -428 +/- 52 which was significantly (P
      less than 0.05) less than PA normals. In contrast, BD patients had a
      significantly (P less than 0.05) elevated TAA efflux of -895 +/- 165 compared to
      ST normals. CA patients had a significantly (P less than 0.05) elevated glucose
      uptake and lactate efflux compared to ST normals (glucose: +1.12 +/- 0.21 (CA) vs
      +0.11 +/- 0.09 (ST), lactate: -0.84 +/- 0.13 (CA) vs -0.38 +/- 0.13 (ST)
      [mumole/100 ml tissue-min]). The data suggest that tumor-bearing patients are
      able to maintain their peripheral tissue protein sparing adaptation to
      nutritional depletion in the presence of accelerated glucose utilization.
      However, clinically stable patients with benign disease do not demonstrate this
      adaptation and may be at greater risk for lean tissue dissolution than previously
      appreciated.

PMID- 3702392
TI  - Glycosyltransferase levels in familial polyposis coli.
AB  - Glycosyltransferase levels have been reported to be decreased in the tumor mucosa
      of adenocarcinoma of the colon. The purpose of this study was to determine if
      similar changes are present in the polyp mucosa of patients with Familial
      Polyposis Coli (FPC). The levels of eight glycosyltransferases were determined by
      measuring transfer of a radiolabeled sugar from a nucleotide sugar donor to a
      glycoprotein acceptor. The levels of four of the enzymes were significantly
      different in the mucosa of tumors and the polyp mucosa of patients with FPC as
      compared to the colonic mucosa of persons without known neoplastic disease. The
      changes were specific for these four enzymes and occurred to the same degree in
      tumor mucosa and the polyp mucosa. These changes in glycosyltransferase levels
      are a marker of the malignant transformation of the cell and since they occur in
      the histologically benign cells of FPC may serve as a key to understanding the
      neoplastic process.

PMID- 3702393
TI  - The Vanderbilt Burn Center: the first 18 months.

PMID- 3702394
TI  - Competitive strategies in the Memphis health care industry.

PMID- 3702395
TI  - American medicine: the subject is change.

PMID- 3702396
TI  - Unexplained tachycardia in an elderly patient.

PMID- 3702397
TI  - Chest pain following Thanksgiving dinner.

PMID- 3702398
TI  - Don't take off with your fuel tanks half full.

PMID- 3702399
TI  - A measles scenario--possible but not actual.

PMID- 3702400
TI  - Recent advances in steroid biochemistry. Proceedings of the Seventh International
      Symposium of the Journal of Steroid Biochemistry. Seefeld, Tyrol, Austria, 9-12
      June 1985.

PMID- 3702401
TI  - Structural analyses of progesterone receptors.
AB  - Progesterone receptors of T47Dco human breast cancer cells consist of two
      equimolar hormone-binding proteins of mol. wt approximately 85,000 (A protein)
      and 115,000 (B protein). Both proteins can be demonstrated in intact cells by in
      situ photoaffinity labeling; that is, in cells treated with the synthetic
      progestin [3H]R5020, irradiated 2 min with 300 nm u.v., solubilized directly in
      SDS and subjected to electrophoresis under denaturing conditions. These proteins
      are 6000-10,000 dalton heavier than the corresponding proteins of chick oviducts.
      This difference has been measured by direct comparison of photolabeled chick and
      human receptors on SDS-PAGE and by immunoblotting with the 9G10 antibody prepared
      against chick protein B. The antibody binds to a protein of mol. wt approximately
      106,000 in human cells that is smaller than the hormone-bound B protein and
      larger than the hormone-bound A. In T47Dco cells, in situ photolabeled,
      untransformed receptors, as well as transformed nuclear-bound receptors, have
      equimolar amounts of A and B proteins. This ratio remains stable during a 1 h 37
      degrees C in vitro incubation. Analysis of the in situ labeled receptors on
      gradient gels shows that the untransformed B protein exists as a doublet of mol.
      wt approximately 115,000 and 119,000 while the A protein is a singlet. After
      [3H]R5020 treatment, nuclear receptors change further: during the first 30 min in
      the nucleus the B protein shifts entirely to the heavier, mol. wt = 119,000 form.
      Between 30 and 60 min after nuclear binding, the A protein first becomes a
      doublet of 85,000 and 89,000 dalton then shifts entirely to the 4000 dalton
      heavier form. Later, nuclear processing leads to the simultaneous disappearance
      of both proteins without generation of smaller molecular weight fragments.
      Cleveland mapping studies show that the A and B proteins are closely related;
      despite the initial difference in the molecular weight of A and B, digestion with
      S. aureaus V8 protease yields identical fragmentation patterns for each, with
      sequential peptides of mol. wt approximately 49,000, 39,000, 26,000 and
      14,000.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3702403
TI  - Studies on the possible existence of two 5 alpha-reductases in the rat prostate.
AB  - In the first group of experiments, the in vitro metabolism of labelled
      testosterone has been studied in the ventral prostate of young (2 months) and old
      (15 and 22 months) male rats. It has been found that the prostate of 2-month-old
      animals converts testosterone into dihydrotestosterone (5 alpha-androstane-17
      beta-ol-3 one, DHT) and into the diols (5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha-17 beta-diol
      and 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol) with considerable yields. The
      prostate of young animals is also able to convert testosterone into delta 4
      androstenedione (delta 4-A), 5 alpha-androstanedione (5 alpha-A) and androsterone
      (A); however, the amounts of these metabolites are lower than those of DHT and
      the diols. It has been found that ageing induces major alterations in the
      prostatic metabolism of testosterone. In particular, a progressive and
      significant decrease in the formation of DHT and of the diols has been found in
      animals of 15 and 22 months of age. Advancing age induces, on the contrary, an
      increase of the formation of delta 4-A and of the 5 alpha-reduced metabolites of
      the 17-keto series (5 alpha-A + A). In the second group of experiments, the
      effects exerted by 4-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione (4-OH-A) on the in vitro
      metabolism of labelled testosterone and delta 4-A in the ventral prostate of
      adult male rats have been studied. It has been found that 4-OH-A, when added to
      the incubation media, decreases the formation of DHT and of the diols, when
      labelled testosterone is used as the substrate. The presence in the media of this
      steroid enhances the formation of delta 4-A and of 5 alpha-A. The transformation
      of labelled delta 4-A into 5 alpha-A is not modified by the presence in the
      medium of 4-OH-A. From the two groups of experiments, it is concluded that in the
      ventral prostate of the rat there are two different 5 alpha-reductase isoenzymes,
      one sensitive to age and to the inhibitory effect of 4-OH-A (and which is
      responsible for the conversion of testosterone into the 5 alpha-reduced
      metabolites of the 17-OH series, DHT and the diols), and a second one,
      insensitive to age and to the effects of 4-OH-A, which affects the conversion of
      delta 4-A into 5 alpha-A.

PMID- 3702402
TI  - An estrogen-regulated protein in normal and malignant endometrium.
AB  - The presence and distribution of a protein with a mol. wt of 24,000 (24K) was
      determined in endometrial biopsies from regularly cycling women and in women with
      endometrial carcinoma. This protein, of as yet unknown function and originally
      found in a breast cancer cell line, was detected by immunohistochemistry using a
      monoclonal antibody. In regularly cycling women, the 24K protein began to appear
      in the glandular epithelium during the late proliferative phase and decreased
      after ovulation. In contrast, in the superficial epithelium, the strongest
      immunostaining was observed during the secretory phase. Superficial epithelial
      cells expressed maximal 24K immunoreactivity around day 21 of the cycle and it
      was clearly seen in the bulbous projections of the apical cytoplasm. These
      results suggest that the 24K protein may be a marker for hormonal events in the
      endometrium during the menstrual cycle. In endometrial carcinoma, 24K was
      correlated with low tumor histologic grade, few mitotic figures, few nucleoli and
      a low degree of nuclear pleomorphism. These data suggest that 24K may be a
      potential marker of tumor differentiation.

PMID- 3702404
TI  - An automatic multidimensional chromatography system for purification of human
      uterine progesterone receptor and induction of polyclonal antibodies.
AB  - This paper reports on the synthesis of Org2058-bonded microparticulate silicas
      and their use in affinity chromatography as the first step for the purification
      of human progesterone receptor. The development of microprocessor-controlled
      instruments allows all the various steps to be performed automatically. The
      various steps used for the purification of human progesterone receptor were
      carried out with the FPLC system: affinity chromatography, desalting of eluate on
      Sephadex G-25, anion-exchange chromatography using a Mono Q column. With this
      procedure the receptor was purified approx. 10,000-fold within 24 h. The yield of
      receptor was generally 85-95%. Investigations with induced anti-progesterone
      receptor antibodies obtained after the fourth immunization show their
      immunoreactive behaviour towards progesterone receptor in crude cytosol, which
      was proved by sucrose density gradient centrifugation and by gel filtration on
      the FPLC system using a Sepharose 12 column. This implies that progesterone
      receptor was efficiently purified by our purification procedure.

PMID- 3702405
TI  - Transformation of the chick oviduct progesterone receptor in the absence of
      hormone.
AB  - Chicken oviduct progesterone receptor in cytosol was found to be transformed from
      the 8S to 4S form by incubation at 25 degrees C as well as by 0.3 M KCl in the
      absence of hormone. Heat transformation of ligand-free receptor took place at a
      much slower rate than that of ligand-bound receptor. The eventual percentage of
      transformation, however, was almost the same. The 4S form of the receptor
      transformed by KCl in the absence of hormone could bind to DNA-cellulose, but not
      to nuclei. However, upon exposure it acquired the ability to bind to nuclei. It
      was shown that the transformed ligand-free receptor could bind to progesterone to
      form the normal activated steroid-receptor complex. Conversely, when activated 4S
      progesterone-receptor complex was treated with DCC to peel off the hormone, a
      resulting ligand-free receptor was formed which behaved just like the KCl
      transformed receptor in the absence of hormone.

PMID- 3702406
TI  - Estrogen responsiveness of fetal guinea pig uterine cells in culture.
AB  - Cells from the uterus of the guinea pig fetus have been grown as a monolayer
      culture in serum-containing medium. Cells from the first subculture showed high
      concentrations of progesterone receptor (PR; 9.3-13.8 pmol/mg DNA) even after 9
      days in medium containing charcoal-treated serum and estradiol did not induce any
      further increase. The antiestrogens, tamoxifen and monohydroxytamoxifen, both had
      an inhibitory effect which could be overcome by estradiol. The progestins,
      progesterone and R5020, as well as the antiprogestin, RU38486, also decreased the
      PR concentration. Estrogen receptor (ER) levels did not vary with the compounds
      tested but were found to be low compared to concentrations found in the fetal
      guinea pig uterus at 55-65 days of gestation. None of the compounds tested had
      any effect on the growth of the fetal uterine cells so that the modulation of PR
      concentrations was dissociated from the regulation of cell growth. It is
      concluded that estrogens are necessary but not sufficient factors in the control
      of PR levels in fetal uterine cells. The establishment of a culture system for
      separate types of fetal uterine cells will permit us to study in vitro the
      factors involved in the growth effects of estrogens and the control of PR
      synthesis.

PMID- 3702407
TI  - Molecular biology of androgen action: testosterone/dihydrotestosterone receptor
      and androgen 5 alpha-reductase in the human foreskin.
AB  - Receptors for testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) as well as the
      tissue specific androgen-5 alpha-reductase (A5R) were studied in the foreskin of
      52 healthy boys (ages 1-14 years), in order to gain molecular endocrinological
      data and information about the ontogeny and cytogeny, respectively, of androgen
      specific target organs. Enzyme determinations were carried out in tissue
      homogenates by an enzyme kinetic method for the evaluation of Km- and Vmax
      values. Reactions velocities were calculated from the turn over rates of T to
      DHT, 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol and 5 alpha-androstane-3,beta,17
      beta-diol. The precursor (T) was used in increasing concentrations, ranging from
      8 to 208 nM. Separation of reaction products was done by thin-layer
      chromatography and verification of specific radioactivity of metabolites by means
      of radio gas chromatography on capillary columns. Results of the enzyme analyses:
      Km = 94.9 +/- 3.5 [nM], and Vmax = 15.8 +/- 1.9 [pmol/mg.h]. Receptors were
      examined in the cytosolic and nuclear fractions of the tissue specimens.
      Saturation analyses and calculation of binding data led to specific receptors for
      T and DHT in the cytosolic (T: Kd = 1.56 +/- 0.12 [nM], Nmax = 122.4 +/- 11.6
      [fmol/mg]; DHT: Kd = 1.9 +/- 0.1 [nM], Nmax = 493.3 +/- 77.8 [fmol/mg]) and the
      nuclear fractions (T: Kd = 1.43 +/- 0.13 [nM], Nmax = 28.7 +/- 3.5 [fmol/mg];
      DHT: Kd = 1.37 [nM], Nmax = 196.9 +/- 22.5 [fmol/mg]), Kd-values proved to be
      quite homogenous (coeff. var. = 0.15-0.21), whereas maximum specific receptor
      binding activities (Nmax) showed age dependent fluctuations (coeff. var. = 0.35
      0.45). Binding capacities of both T- and DHT-receptor, respectively, in cytosolic
      and nuclear fractions showed peak values in the age group 10-11 years and
      additional "spikes" of binding rates at age 4-5 years. It is noteworthy that Vmax
      values also reached maximum levels in the latter age group. Concerning the
      ontogeny of the androgen receptor a change of binding properties from the cytosol
      to the nuclear fraction was observed with the onset of puberty. A comparison of
      enzyme- and receptor data lead to the theory, that subcellular hormone actions
      depend on interrelational regulatory mechanisms between androgen receptors (T as
      well as DHT) and specific enzyme systems (A5R).

PMID- 3702408
TI  - The effect of exercises on the content and reception of the steroid hormones in
      rat skeletal muscles.
AB  - Two peaks of hormone concentration in blood and skeletal muscles (SM) were found,
      immediately after intensive physical exercises (PE) and the late period of rest.
      Immediately after PE testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) concentration in SM
      increased on 36 and 430%, returning to the initial level in 2 h. E2 and
      androstenedione content in SM increased from 33 +/- 7 to 89 +/- 3 and from 563 +/
      58 to 767 +/- 38 pg/g tissue accordingly in 48 h, returning to the initial level
      in 72 h. T content increased in blood 3.7-fold in SM 2.2-fold in 72 h after PE.
      Androgen receptor (AR) contents in SM cytosol increased (on 28%) in 2 h, then
      returned to the control level and increased again in 72 h (from 0.6 +/- 0.4 to
      1.2 +/- 0.2 fmol/mg protein) after PE. Kd did not change significantly and were
      0.33 +/- 0.03 nM. The experiments on female rats showed the same tendency, but T
      increasing was more marked compared to male rats. The obtained results showed
      that the hormonal regulation of metabolic processes in SM has a cyclic character
      and is connected with the changing of hormonal content and hormonal SM receptors.

PMID- 3702409
TI  - Interaction of rat liver glucocorticoid receptor with lectins: is the
      glucocorticoid receptor a glycoprotein?
AB  - Although glucocorticoid receptors have been extensively studied in a variety of
      tissues, the precise nature of the receptor protein still remains unknown. To
      further characterize this protein we assessed the effects of various lectins on
      [3H]dexamethasone binding to prepurified preparations of rat liver glucocorticoid
      receptor. Among the lectins tested only Ulex europeus and Lens culinaris induced
      a concentration-related decrease in [3H]dexamethasone binding. Following Ulex
      europeus or Lens culinaris exposure Scatchard analysis showed that these lectins
      led to a 3-fold reduction in receptor affinity without influencing the
      concentration of binding sites. These results provide new experimental evidence
      that rat liver glucocorticoid receptor would possess alpha-L-fucosyl and alpha-D
      mannopyranoside residues in close proximity to the glucocorticoid receptor
      binding domain.

PMID- 3702410
TI  - Anatomical resolution of two types of corticosterone receptor sites in rat brain
      with in vitro autoradiography and computerized image analysis.
AB  - The rat brain contains two receptor systems for corticosterone (CORT): the
      glucocorticoid (GR) and corticosterone or mineralocorticoid-like (CR) receptor
      sites. We have studied the localization of these receptors by in vitro
      autoradiography and by in vitro cytosol binding assays in microdissected brain
      areas. In vitro autoradiography revealed that CR receptor sites are almost
      entirely restricted to the septal-hippocampal complex, whereas the presence of GR
      extends throughout the brain. Highest levels of GR are present in the lateral
      septum, hippocampal, cortical and thalamic regions and the paraventricular
      nucleus. In vitro determination of binding of 3H-labelled steroids to CR and GR
      in cytosol of "punched out" brain tissue revealed a similar neuroanatomical
      distribution as observed with the autoradiographic analysis. In addition, it was
      found that CORT binds to CR (KD approximately 0.5 nM) with 5-10-fold higher
      affinity than to GR (KD approximately 2.5-5 nM).

PMID- 3702411
TI  - Steroid hormones induce cell proliferation and specific protein synthesis in
      primary chick oviduct cultures.
AB  - A rapid method to obtain large amounts of tubular gland cells from chick oviduct
      was developed. Combined collagenase and trypsin treatment allowed within 1.5 h
      complete dissociation of the magnum portion of the oviduct. By differential
      attachment of cells, fibroblasts were separated from tubular gland- and ciliated
      cells. Tubular gland cells attached within 18 h to plastic Petri dishes, had
      large secretory granules and grew very actively. The responsiveness of cells to
      hormones and/or antihormone was tested by measurement of cell proliferation and
      specific protein synthesis. After 7 days of culture in the presence of estradiol
      (50 nM) or progesterone (100 nM), cell growth was increased by approximately 50
      and 35% respectively. Tamoxifen (100 nM) inhibited the estradiol induced growth
      stimulation, but had also negative effects of its own. The anti-progesterone (in
      mammals) RU 486, inactive per se, did not antagonize progesterone induced growth.
      Ovalbumin- and conalbumin synthesis after 4-5 days of cultures under different
      hormonal conditions was assessed after immunoprecipitation of newly synthesized
      [35S]methionine labelled proteins. In the presence of estradiol (50 and 100 nM),
      progesterone (50 nM), and both estradiol and progesterone together (50 nM of
      each), ovalbumin and conalbumin synthesis was increased, when compared to control
      cultures without hormones, or to oviduct fibroblasts. Hormonal stimulation of
      ovalbumin synthesis was also shown in cell supernatant and culture medium after
      gel electrophoresis.

PMID- 3702412
TI  - Estrogen-induced protein in the rat uterus: association with actin.
AB  - The affinity of the estrogen-induced protein, IP, for reconstituted F-actin in
      uterine homogenates was investigated. The results demonstrate that a significant
      proportion of a 46 K protein, of which the rate of synthesis is increased by
      estrogen, two properties of BB-CK, co-sedimented with in vitro re-polymerized
      actin.

PMID- 3702413
TI  - The regulation of the biologically available fractions of oestradiol and
      testosterone in plasma.
AB  - The albumin bound fractions of oestradiol and testosterone have been measured in
      samples of plasma obtained over a 24 h period from women with breast cancer or
      polycystic ovarian disease and from pre- and postmenopausal control subjects and
      related to plasma levels of free fatty acids. For most subjects changes in the
      fraction of oestradiol bound to albumin were related to changes in plasma levels
      of free fatty acids. A significant decrease in the albumin bound testosterone
      fraction during the night was associated with increased plasma levels of
      cortisol.

PMID- 3702414
TI  - Effect of ketoconazole (an imidazole antimycotic agent) and other inhibitors of
      steroidogenesis on cytochrome P450-catalyzed reactions.
AB  - The effects of Ketoconazole, an orally active imidazole antimycotic agent, and
      other known inhibitors of steroidogenesis were examined in the reconstituted
      steroid monooxygenase system which consists of adrenodoxin, its reductase and
      purified P450. We found that: Ketoconazole completely inhibits the hydroxylation
      of deoxycorticosterone (DOC) at the 11 beta and 18-positions; Ketoconazole also
      inhibits the 18-hydroxylation reaction that converts corticosterone to form 18
      hydroxycorticosterone; both Trilostane (4,5-epoxy-17-hydroxy-3-oxoandrostane-2
      carbonitrile) and o,p'-DDD do not inhibit either the 11 beta or 18-hydroxylase
      activities of the reconstituted P450(11 beta) system (NADPH-adrenodoxin reductase
      activity is also not inhibited by either drug); Ketoconazole inhibits the
      conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone in a dose-dependent fashion, and is a
      more potent inhibitor than metyrapone (2-methyl-1,2-di-3-pyridyl-1-propanone) in
      the P450scc-catalyzed reaction system; other inhibitors fail to show any
      inhibitory effects in this system.

PMID- 3702415
TI  - Estradiol regulation of the secretory immune system in the female reproductive
      tract: IgA in uterine and vaginal secretions of rats following portacaval
      anastomosis.
AB  - The uterine immune system is under the control of estradiol which acts to
      increase the levels of both IgA and secretory component (SC) in uterine
      secretions. The objective of the present study was to determine whether serum is
      the primary source of the IgA which enters uterine secretions in response to
      estradiol. To examine this, serum IgA levels in rats were surgically elevated by
      portacaval anastomosis which prevents hepatic clearance of IgA. Under these
      conditions, IgA levels in serum were 2- to 4-fold higher than those of intact or
      sham-operated animals. Levels of IgA in uterine secretions of portacaval animals,
      however, were significantly lower than those measured in controls when animals
      were ovariectomized and treated with estradiol. IgA in vaginal secretions of
      portacaval animals was greater than that in sham-operated or intact rats. To
      determine whether IgA had leaked from the uterus into vaginal secretions, a
      second group of animals had their uteri ligated at the utero-cervical junction
      prior to hormone treatment. Following estradiol stimulation, uterine IgA levels
      in portacaval animals were the same as those measured in intact and sham-operated
      animals. When free SC was measured in uterine secretions of ligated rats, levels
      were the same in all three groups. These studies indicate that elevated levels of
      serum IgA did not lead to a rise in uterine IgA. Further, since SC, which is
      thought to be a receptor for transporting IgA into mucosal secretions, remained
      unchanged, it appears unlikely that IgA movement into the uterine lumen was
      transport limited. These studies suggest that the presence of IgA in uterine and
      vaginal secretions is not due exclusively to serum contributions but may involve
      local synthesis of IgA.

PMID- 3702416
TI  - The effects of antimineralocorticoids on synthesis of aldosterone metabolites in
      target tissues.
AB  - [3H]Aldosterone is transformed into several metabolites by subcellular fractions
      of rat kidney. 80-90% of the metabolites synthesized by nuclei and plasma
      membranes are 5 alpha-DHAldo and 3 alpha,5 alpha-THAldo in ratios of 1:2 and 1:1
      respectively; small quantities of 3 beta,5 alpha-THAldo are also synthesized. In
      contrast, kidney cytosol metabolizes Aldo principally to 5 beta-reduced products
      with co-chromatograph with 5 beta-DHAldo and 3 alpha,5 beta-THAldo. Several polar
      neutral metabolites, as well as sulfate and acidic metabolites are also
      synthesized by the cytosol fraction. Similar 5 alpha-reduced metabolites, 5 alpha
      DHAldo, 3 alpha,5 alpha-THAldo and 3 beta,5 alpha-THAldo are also synthesized
      when [3H]aldosterone is incubated in vitro with toad urinary bladder for 1 and 5
      h. Significant quantities of 5 beta- and 20 beta-reduced products and sulfate and
      acidic metabolites are also synthesized. The metabolism of [3H]aldosterone in
      both target tissues is significantly inhibited by aldosterone antagonists.
      Several of the reduced metabolites of aldosterone synthesized in kidney and toad
      bladder possess significant mineralocorticoid activity. 5 alpha-DHAldo and 3
      alpha,5 alpha-THAldo possess 1/10 and 1/30 and 3 alpha,5 beta possesses 1/80
      1/100 of the antinatriuretic activity of Aldo. It is suggested that the
      metabolism of Aldo in its target tissues may be linked to regulation or
      expression of the hormone's actions.

PMID- 3702417
TI  - The use of andriol in treatment of androgen deficiency in transsexual women.
AB  - In search of a non-invasive, long-term acting form of androgen to be used in
      female-to-male transsexuals, testosterone undecanoate (Andriol, Organon) was
      investigated from clinical and laboratory points of view. The therapy resulted in
      a significant elevation of androgens with a considerable increase of the free
      testosterone fraction, desired virilization and somatic changes to a masculine
      phenotype. Testosterone undecanoate provides sufficiently high androgen levels
      without significant influence on the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis. The
      treatment impaired neither liver function nor glucose tolerance. It is concluded
      that this drug is suitable for hormonal preparation before the reconstructive
      therapy to males.

PMID- 3702418
TI  - Effect of estriol, estriol-3-sulfate and estriol-17-sulfate on progesterone and
      estrogen receptors of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells.
AB  - The levels of progesterone receptors (PR [cytosol (Cy) and nuclear (N)] and
      estrogen receptors (ER) [cytosol and nuclear; occupied and unoccupied specific
      binding sites] were evaluated in the MCF-7 cancer cell line incubated with
      estriol (E3), estriol-3-sulfate (E3-3-S) or estriol-17-sulfate (E3-17-S) for 7
      days in culture. Cells were grown in MEM medium containing 2 mM glutamine, 10%
      v/v dialysed calf serum and penicillin-streptomycin (100 U/ml) in the absence
      (control) or in the presence of 5 X 10(-8) M E3, E3-3-S or E3-17-S. The total PR
      (Cy + N) concentration which was 0.47 +/- 0.10 (SE) pmol/mg DNA in the non
      treated cells, increased to 1.95 +/- 0.48 in the E3 and to 1.55 +/- 0.26 in the
      E3-3-S treated cells. No effect (PR: 0.47 +/- 0.15 pmol/mg DNA) was observed with
      the E3-17-S treatment. Total ER (Cy + N, occupied + unoccupied binding sites) in
      pmol/mg DNA +/- SE, were as follows: control 0.79 +/- 0.17; + E3: 0.33 +/- 0.09;
      +E3-3-S: 0.90 +/- 0.18 and +E3-17-S: 1.82 +/- 0.58. The measurement by
      radioimmunoassay of unconjugated estriol in the culture medium indicated that
      after incubation with E3-3-S, a fraction (0.5-1%) of the sulfate was hydrolyzed
      but no hydrolysis was observed in the incubations with E3-17-S. It is concluded
      that in the MCF-7 human mammary cancer cell line E3 and E3-3-S stimulate PR very
      significantly, but it is suggested that E3-3-S acts through the hydrolyzed E3. On
      the other hand, E3-17-S is inactive because it is not hydrolyzed. Consequently,
      E3-3-S can play an important role in the biological responses of this mammary
      cancer cell line.

PMID- 3702419
TI  - Metabolism of [3H]oestradiol in vivo by normal breast and tumour tissue in
      postmenopausal women.
AB  - Tumour and normal breast tissue was obtained from postmenopausal breast cancer
      patients following [3H]oestradiol infusion (50 mu Ci over a 12 h period). The
      fraction of radioactivity present as oestradiol or oestrone was measured and the
      results expressed both as the ratio of oestradiol-oestrone and as the percentage
      oestrogen present as oestrone, and the findings compared with in vitro
      measurements of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. Concentrations of
      5-androstene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol, dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulphate and
      testosterone were measured and related to oestradiol metabolism. The study
      demonstrated that tumour tissue is less able to metabolise oestradiol to oestrone
      than is normal breast tissue and indicated that the ability of the tissue to
      detoxify oestradiol may be dependent on cofactor availability. The results also
      supported the possibility that increased tissue concentrations of adrenal
      androgens inhibit oestradiol and thus increase tissue exposure to oestradiol.

PMID- 3702420
TI  - Induction of progesterone receptor in an estrogen, progesterone receptor-negative
      breast cancer cell line.
AB  - In MCF-7 cell culture, some sera endow estradiol-17 beta with strong growth
      promoting properties ("active" sera) while other fail to display this property
      ("inactive" sera). Passage from "inactive" to "active" sera are shown here to
      induce the appearance of a progestin binding capacity in the receptor negative
      line Evsa-T. Competition with various unlabeled steroids established the
      specificity of this binding reaction. The induction of progesterone receptor
      required neither estrogens, nor ER and failed to confer major growth sensitivity
      to hormonal steroids: only medroxyprogesterone acetate was slightly inhibitory at
      high concentration. These observations disclose the influence of seric factors
      independent of estrogens and of ER-related mechanisms on PgR induction.

PMID- 3702421
TI  - Assessment of progestin receptor polymorphism by various synthetic ligands using
      HPLC.
AB  - Tritiated R5020 and [3H]ORG-2058 were utilized to investigate apparent
      polymorphism of progestin receptors by vertical-tube gradient centrifugation and
      HPLC in size exclusion (HPSEC), ion-exchange (HPIEC) and chromatofocusing (HPCF)
      modes. Rapid centrifugation (3 h) following molybdate stabilization (1 h) showed
      mainly 8-9S receptor species with 90-96% recovery. [3H]R5020 appeared to
      associate with a receptor isoform sedimenting faster than that bound to [3H]ORG
      2058. Excess unlabeled R5020 did not eliminate all of the [3H]R5020 binding by
      the 8-9S component suggesting some nonspecific association while excess unlabeled
      ORG-2058 suppressed this binding by either ligand. Separate labeling of cytosol
      with each ligand and mixing prior to gradient separation showed at least two
      receptor species isoforms sedimenting in the 8-9S region with mol. wt of 190,000
      and 173,000 D. Sephacryl S-300 chromatography revealed two radioactive peaks with
      either ligand but with slight molecular weight differences. HPSEC confirmed the
      presence of isoforms with different molecular size and shape as a function of the
      radioactive ligand employed. HPIEC showed the presence of two labeled receptor
      species irrespective of the ligand used. The first peak appeared at the void
      volume of the column (10 mM), co-eluted with free ligand, indicating the
      possibility of ligand stripping by the column. The second peak bound both
      steroids specifically and eluted with 100 mM phosphate. HPCF identified a single
      specific receptor eluting at a pH of 5.6-6.1, but with free steroid in the void
      volume irrespective of the ligand used. [3H]ORG-2058 appeared to be less prone to
      the stripping phenomenon than was [3H]R5020. These data suggest these ligands
      either bind to different progestin receptor species or they modify receptor
      characteristics in a fashion that allows separation based upon size and shape.

PMID- 3702422
TI  - Steroids and cancer: faecal bile acid screening for early detection of cancer
      risk.
AB  - The analyses of faecal bile acids in colorectal cancer patients, breast cancer
      patients and healthy control subjects is described. Faecal excretion of total
      bile acids was similar in the three groups. The major bile acids detected were
      lithocholic acid (LCA) and deoxycholic acid (DCA) and the proportions of these
      (LCA:DCA ratio) were diametrically opposed in the colorectal cancer patients
      (1.91 +/- 0.33) and control subjects (0.90 +/- 0.09). Patients with
      adenocarcinoma of the breast also exhibited a higher LCA:DCA ratio (1.24 +/-
      0.10) than the control group. The faecal LCA:DCA ratio is an important marker of
      cancer risk especially cancer of the large bowel and it is suggested that it may
      be a useful adjunct to future screening procedures.

PMID- 3702423
TI  - Antiestrogen binding within different pituitary cell populations. Comparison with
      androgen and estrogen receptors.
AB  - Gonadotrope-enriched populations were prepared from 42-day old male rats by
      centrifugal elutriation. They contained 4.8 +/- 0.7% of the cells, 51 +/- 10% of
      the LH and less than 3% of the PRL (n = 4). Gonadotrope-depleted fractions were
      also obtained that contained most of PRL cells. Specific antiestrogen binding
      sites (AEBS) were quantitated in these populations after destruction of estrogen
      receptor. Results showed the presence of a distinct, specific high affinity
      binding site for antiestrogen in dispersed pituitary cells and in enriched
      fractions. However, AEBS are not specific of a pituitary cell type. Thus, AEBS
      appear different from estrogen receptors in pituitary gland: by the thermal
      stability of AEBS, by the localization of AEBS in particulate material, by the
      uniform distribution of AEBS in different populations which differ markedly for
      E2 binding sites. Whereas the ratio of binding AE/E2 averaged 11.4 in the initial
      cell suspension it reached only 2.9 in the gonadotropes. The dissociation
      constants for AEBS were in the same range (1.16 - 2.27 X 10(-9) M) for the
      different populations.

PMID- 3702424
TI  - Androgens increase osteoblast-stimulating activity of human breast cancer cells
      in vitro.
AB  - Bone metastases of breast cancers produce not only osteolytic but also
      osteosclerotic lesions. The latter are often observed after androgenic treatment
      of the tumor. Potential production of osteoblast stimulating activity (ObSA) in
      breast cancer cell lines, and possible androgen control of this activity have
      been investigated. Conditioned media (CM) collected from 4 breast cancer cell
      lines (MCF-7, ZR75, MDA-MB 231, BT20) was tested in vitro on ROS 17/2,8
      osteoblast-like cells and on osteoblasts derived from human bone biopsies. The
      parameters monitored in osteoblasts were [3H]thymidine incorporation, alkaline
      phosphatase activity, and osteocalcin secretion. Serum-free media conditioned
      during 24 h by MCF-7 cells presented the highest ObSA. CM decreased thymidine
      incorporation in DNA and increased alkaline phosphatase activity in a dose
      dependent manner. Bone GLA protein (osteocalcin) secretion by human osteoblasts
      was not increased however in the presence of CM. MCF-7 cells were cultured in the
      presence of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) [1-100 nM] for 5 days. Serum-free, DHT-free
      CM collected after an additional 24 h, contained alkaline-phosphatase stimulating
      activity which was DHT dose-dependent. Estradiol and 1,25(OH)2D3 failed to elicit
      a comparable increase of the ObSA in the CM. In conclusion, MCF-7 cells product
      factor(s) that interfere with bone remodeling. The DHT modulation of ObSA
      parallels the estradiol control of MCF-7 cells osteolytic lesions in relation
      with Prostaglandin E secretion. Sex hormones at physiological and pharmacological
      levels might thus control both osteosclerotic and osteolytic lesions observed in
      bone deposits of hormone dependent cancers.

PMID- 3702426
TI  - Increased acetylation of histones at an early stage of oestradiol-mediated gene
      activation in the liver of immature chicks.
AB  - The vitellogenin system of chicken was used to examine alterations in the
      microheterogeneity of chromosomal proteins in the course of steroid hormone
      mediated gene expression. After administration of oestradiol-17 beta there is a
      dramatic increase in the number of copies of vitellogenin m-RNA in the liver of
      male oviparous animals, like Xenopus and chicken. According to earlier reports
      the rapid increase in transcriptional activity starts after a lag of 4 h. The
      system has also been examined as to the number of DNase I hypersensitive sites
      which appear to correlate with the degree of differentiation and hormonal
      activation. The time course of [3H]acetate incorporation into the histone
      fraction was monitored and the microheterogeneity of histones analysed by acid
      Triton-urea gel electrophoresis. The results show that there is an increased
      degree of acetylation of histones in the liver of immature chicks as a result of
      oestradiol-17 beta administration. The change in the modification pattern of
      histones was found to be an early event, correlated with the time course of
      appearance of new DNase I hypersensitive sites and the onset of vitellogenin m
      RNA synthesis. These observations are in agreement with an earlier report about
      the increase in the acetylation of histones in fetal guinea pig uterus after
      oestradiol treatment [1]. The results suggest that the acetylation of histones
      might be a prerequisite for the removal of structures for efficient gene
      repression and the establishment of DNase I hypersensitive sites.

PMID- 3702425
TI  - Mechanisms of biphasic action of glucocorticoids on alpha-lactalbumin production
      by rat mammary gland explants.
AB  - The highly selective Type II glucocorticoid ligand RU28362 showed a clear
      biphasic effect on alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA) production in rat mammary gland
      explants, with a peak at 1 nM and a return to basal levels at 30-300 nM;
      dexamethasone showed a similar profile. Corticosterone, which has a higher
      affinity for Type I than Type II receptors, produced a variable response. In six
      out of eleven studies this was biphasic, with a maximum at 300 nM; in five no
      increase above baseline was seen. Classical Type I receptor ligands--aldosterone
      and deoxycorticosterone--showed responses parallel to their Type II agonist
      activity. We interpret these data as follows occupancy of Type I receptors does
      not increase alpha-LA production the response to selective Type II receptor
      ligands is truly biphasic and one explanation of this pattern may be the
      existence of both "turn-on" and "turn-off" acceptor sites in the nucleus.

PMID- 3702427
TI  - Liver lesions in BALB/C mice induced by an anabolic androgen (Decadurabolin),
      with and without pretreatment with diethylnitrosamine.
AB  - Male BALB/C mice were treated with the anabolic androgen Decadurabolin (17 beta
      hydroxy-19-nor-androst-4-ene-17 beta-n-decanoate) (DecaD) with and without
      pretreatment with diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Treatment with DEN alone caused
      development of severe hepatocytic dysplasia in all animals; 11/11 had
      cystadenomas and 3/11 haemangiomas, both of which were benign. Mice treated with
      DecaD alone developed only moderate to severe hepatocytic dysplasia. Treatment
      with DecaD after DEN induced neoplasms in the livers; 15/15 had severe dysplasia;
      14/15 had cystadenomas, 2/15 had haemangiomas, and 4/15 developed nodular
      proliferation. Single hepatomas were seen in 4/15 livers, two of which also had
      multiple hepatomas. Control animals had normal liver histology. We conclude that
      DecaD enhances the hepatocarcinogenicity of DEN, especially with respect to
      neoplastic lesions in hepatocytes.

PMID- 3702428
TI  - Molecular organization of the sex steroid-binding protein (SBP) of human plasma.
AB  - Several years ago this laboratory presented evidence that SBP is a dimer composed
      of two subunits having similar molecular weights. The question of whether or not
      these subunits are identical and therefore products of a single gene remained
      unanswered. We now report that the two polypeptide chains are identical and that
      SBP is a homodimer. The experimental approach was to reduce and [14C]alkylate
      cystine residues in human SBP, digest the product with trypsin or cyanogen
      bromide and determine the number of unique amino acid sequences around each
      [14C]carboxymethylcysteine residue. Only four unique sequences were found when
      all the radioactive peptides were analyzed. Since there are eight half-cystine
      residues per dimer, the results support a homodimeric structure.

PMID- 3702429
TI  - Estrogenic feminization of the LH response to orchidectomy: association with
      prolonged nuclear estradiol receptor retention and induction of cytoplasmic
      progestin receptors in brain and pituitary.
AB  - A sex difference in the LH rise after gonadectomy is clearly observable in the
      rat. While male rats respond with an early (10-12 h) increase in LH after
      orchidectomy, a delayed response (2-3 days) is recorded after ovariectomy. In
      this study we tested the hypothesis that the delayed response to gonadectomy in
      the E2-treated males is due to a more prolonged retention of E2 (when compared
      with the corresponding male feedback signal, testosterone) within specific
      central nuclear receptor sites. Orchidectomized (ORDX) animals implanted with
      either empty or E2-filled Silastic capsules were sacrificed at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h
      after ORDX or E2-capsule removal. LH levels in ORDX rats rose several-fold by 24
      h, whereas E2-treated, ORDX rats, showed no changes in peripheral LH levels until
      72 h after E2-capsule removal. At the time of E2-capsule removal (0 h) large
      increases in nuclear estradiol receptor (NER) levels were seen in anterior
      pituitary, preoptic area, and hypothalamus (HYP). Twenty-four hours after E2
      capsule removal, NER levels were still high in the 3 areas, and by 48 h NER
      values had returned to control (ORDX) levels, with the exception of HYP where
      they were slightly but significantly elevated. The increase in NER, as well as
      the subsequent decline after E2-capsule removal was paralleled by similar changes
      in cytosolic progestin receptor (CPR) levels in all three regions. Cytosolic
      testosterone levels were not changed by the E2-treatment. The results indicate
      that the feminized response to orchidectomy observed in E2-implanted males is
      related to a prolonged retention of the E2-receptor in nuclear sites. Further,
      they indicate that E2-treatment in males, as is the case in females, can induce a
      marked increase in progestin receptor levels within specific brain regions as
      well as in the pituitary. The reduction in NER and CPR levels to castrate values
      precedes the first detectable increase in peripheral LH levels. In conclusion,
      the pattern of LH rise after gonadectomy in the rat is dependent upon the
      steroidal milieu at the time of removal of the gonads.

PMID- 3702430
TI  - Responses to estradiol in a human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line
      (Ishikawa).
AB  - A human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line (Ishikawa) has been found to be
      estrogen responsive. The growth stimulatory effects of estradiol (10(-8) M) could
      be clearly demonstrated when cell cultures containing the hormone were compared
      with the maximal cell density achieved in control cultures. The approx. 3-fold
      increase in cell density observed 2-3 weeks after plating, with frequent medium
      changes, could by blocked by a 100-fold molar excess of the antiestrogen trans-4
      monohydroxytamoxifen. When added to hormone-free cultures that had reached a
      plateau level of cell numbers on day 14 after plating, estradiol (10(-8) M)
      caused the resumption of proliferation: after 6 days in the presence of the
      hormone, the cultures contained nearly twice the cell numbers of controls.
      Effects of estradiol on Ishikawa cells were also evident from the several-fold
      increases in the levels of specific progesterone binders provoked by the hormone
      at 10(-9)-10(-6) M concentrations. Cells injected into nude mice formed tumors
      which contained estrogen and progesterone binders. The availability of a fast
      growing (doubling time approx. 30 h) endometrial cancer cell line responsive to
      estradiol at near physiologic levels will facilitate biochemical studies of
      hormonal effects on the human endometrium.

PMID- 3702431
TI  - Aromatase inhibitors and the treatment of breast cancer.
AB  - Inhibition of aromatase to reduce estrogen production by peripheral and ovarian
      tissue could be a useful approach to treating hormone-dependent breast cancer.
      Several C19, 17 keto steroids have been identified as aromatase inhibitors. The
      most potent of these cause rapid competitive inhibition followed by enzyme
      inactivation. Injections of the compounds caused inhibition of peripheral
      aromatization in monkeys. In rats, these treatments result in inhibition of
      ovarian aromatase and estrogen secretion, accompanied by marked regression of
      carcinogen(DMBA or NMU)-induced mammary tumors. To date, 60 postmenopausal
      patients with advanced metastatic breast cancer and unselected for the presence
      of estrogen receptors have been treated with once weekly injections of 4-OHA. The
      mean estradiol level measured in 14 patients was significantly reduced to 36% of
      pretreatment values after 1 month and remained at this level for up to 4 months.
      There was no effect of treatment on gonadotropin levels. Although all patients
      had relapsed from previous therapy, complete or partial tumor regression occurred
      in 30% of patients while 15% had static disease. The results indicate that in
      these patients the responses are due to inhibition of peripheral aromatization
      and that 4-OHA may be of value in treating postmenopausal breast cancer.

PMID- 3702432
TI  - Biological responses of tamoxifen in the fetal and newborn vagina and uterus of
      the guinea-pig and in the R-27 mammary cancer cell line.
AB  - The biological and morphological responses of tamoxifen were studied in two
      models: the uterus and vagina of fetal and newborn guinea-pigs: R-27 cells--a
      mammary cancer cell line (tamoxifen resistant) derived from the MCF-7 cancer cell
      line. Tamoxifen (TAM) alone or in combination with estradiol (E2) was
      administered to pregnant (50-52 days of gestation) or to newborn (2-day-old)
      guinea-pigs for a long period (12 days). TAM alone produced a great trophic
      effect on the uterus and vagina which was markedly enhanced when TAM was
      administered together with E2. Histological studies showed that TAM provokes
      morphological changes in both the endometria and the myometria and this effect
      was also greater when TAM was administered together with E2. In the fetal uterus
      and vagina, the ultrastructural studies showed that TAM induces morphological
      alterations in different cytoplasmic organelles. This effect was much more
      intense in newborns where TAM provoked a significant vacuolization of the
      epithelial cells. Concerning progesterone receptor (PR) in the fetal or newborn
      tissues (uterus or vagina) TAM provoked a less intense effect than those provoked
      by E2, but TAM did not block the effect provoked by E2. It was observed that
      [3H]TAM binds specifically to the estrogen receptor (ER) of fetal guinea pig
      uterus and this complex is partially recognized by a monoclonal antibody which
      recognizes the activated form of this receptor, supporting the suggestion that
      the biological action of TAM is mediated by the ER. The biological and
      ultrastructural effects provoked by TAM (1 X 10(-6) M), estriol (E3)(5 X 10(-8)
      M) and the combination of TAM + E3 were studied in the R-27 mammary cancer cell
      line in culture. E3 stimulated the PR content by 7-10 times. However, TAM did not
      provoke a significant decrease in the concentration of PR, and in the mixture of
      TAM + E3 the concentration of PR was of the same order as that in E3 treatment.
      Ultrastructural observations indicate an intense concentration of ribosomes in
      the pericytoplasmic area after exposure to E3 and with exposure to TAM an
      increase in vacuoles and a significant enlargement of the size of the
      mitochondria were observed. It is concluded that TAM in the target tissues of
      fetal and newborn guinea pigs acts as a real estrogen and in the R-27 mammary
      cancer cell line TAM does not block the effect provoked by E3, however it does
      provoke intense ultrastructural modifications.

PMID- 3702433
TI  - Enucleation of human endometrial cells: nucleo-cytoplasmic distribution of DNA
      polymerase alpha and estrogen receptor.
AB  - Nucleo-cytoplasmic distribution of estrogen receptors and DNA polymerase alpha
      activity in human endometrial adenocarcinoma cells (HEC-50 line) was evaluated
      after separation of nuclei following either homogenization or enucleation with
      cytochalasin B. About 30% of the estrogen receptor was found in the nuclear
      fraction after homogenization whereas 86% was found in the karyoplasts after
      enucleation. The total amounts of estrogen receptor per cell after homogenization
      and enucleation were not significantly different (14,000-17,000 binding
      sites/cell). Receptor measurements were carried out using the hydroxylapatite
      method after labeling with [3H]estradiol (5 nM [3H]E2 +/- 500 nM E2) at 30
      degrees C for 3 h. About 20% of the DNA polymerase alpha activity was found in
      the nuclear fraction after homogenization, whereas 96% was found in the
      karyoplasts after enucleation. The average total activity (0.84 Units/10(6)
      cells) in homogenized cells was about 1/8 of the activity in karyoplasts. These
      results indicate that estrogen receptor and DNA polymerase alpha activity reside
      in the nucleus in intact HEC-50 cells. DNA polymerase alpha is translocated to
      the cytoplasmic fraction and inactivated after homogenization.

PMID- 3702434
TI  - Non-stoichiometric nuclear-cytoplasmic redistribution of estrogen receptor in
      adult rat uterus, following estradiol injection.
AB  - In immature and ovariectomized rats acutely injected with estradiol (E2),
      accumulation of estradiol receptor complexes (E2R) from the uterine cytosol to
      the nucleus has been shown to be quantitative by numerous investigators. In the
      present study, translocation of E2R from the cytosol to the nuclear fraction in
      adult and ovariectomized estrogen prestimulated rats was analyzed. Twenty
      micrograms of E2, dissolved in saline containing 10% ethanol and 1 g% bovine
      serum albumin (B.S.A.) were injected intraperitoneally to the animals and 2 h
      later E2R in the cytosol and crude nuclear fractions were assayed by exchange
      techniques. Unlike a 91% recovery of the depleted cytosol E2R in the nuclear
      fraction of ovariectomized rats, only 39.2 and 27.5% were recovered in the adult
      and ovariectomized estrogen prestimulated rat uterus respectively. Moreover,
      depending on the temperature and duration of nuclear suspension incubation, from
      18 up to 80% of the recovered nuclear E2R were solubilized in the incubation
      medium and nuclear post-incubation washes and could be measured by
      hydroxylapatite treatment (HAP). Saturation assays showed a plateau from 12 nM E2
      3H onwards up to 80 nM. The Kd values computed for the receptors in the nucleus
      and HAP in all the three groups were of the order of 2 X 10(-9) M. In conclusion,
      after E2 administration to adult or ovariectomized estrogen prestimulated rats, a
      stoichiometric recovery of the depleted cytosol E2R in the nuclear fraction was
      not observed, even when leakage of nuclear receptor into the medium in course of
      exchange was taken into account. Chronic estrogenization appeared to modify the
      dynamics of uterine receptor.

PMID- 3702435
TI  - Steroid sequestration and tightly bound oestrogen-protein complexes in human
      breast tumours and a breast cancer cell line.
AB  - Homogenates of breast tumours taken at surgery were prepared in phosphate
      buffered medium in the presence or absence of the protease inhibitors N-alpha-p
      tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester (TAME, 10 mM) or soy bean trypsin inhibitor (STI, 1
      mg/ml). Aliquots (0.25 ml) were incubated in 5 ml medium, with the addition of
      excess trypsin (2 mg/ml) to experimental flasks. Oestrogen was measured by means
      of a radioreceptor assay (RRA) based on rat or human uterine cytosolic oestradiol
      receptor. In oestrogen receptor positive (ER +ve) tumour homogenates, TAME
      decreased while STI increased ethyl acetate extractable oestrogen in these
      preparations. The addition of trypsin enhanced yields of oestrogen in the TAME,
      but not in the STI or control (no inhibitor) preparations. None of these
      treatments affected RRA detectable oestrogen in homogenates of ER -ve tumours.
      Suspensions of ZR-75-1 cells, prepared in Krebs Ringer bicarbonate (KRBG)
      incubated with trypsin also gave greatly enhanced yields of extractable
      oestrogen. Fractionation of oestrogens from both tumour homogenates and from the
      cell line showed coincidence of RRA detectable steroid with oestradiol and
      oestrone, and, particularly in trypsin flasks, very non-polar components were
      also found. In the cell-line extracts, HPLC fractionation combined with specific
      radioimmunoassays confirmed the presence of both oestradiol and oestrone. The
      major extracted component was oestrone. The data suggest the existence within
      breast tumour tissue of sequestered pools of steroid requiring proteolytic action
      for their release. One possibility, consistent with reports in the literature, is
      that the steroids may themselves be directly conjugated to protein. Their
      presence in ER +ve but not ER -ve tumours strongly suggests some relationship to
      the development of hormone-sensitive disease. Alternatively, the phenomenon may
      be associated with the rigid compartmentalization of the paracrine function of
      the tissue.

PMID- 3702436
TI  - Nuclear interactions of zearalanol-oestrogen receptor complexes in rat liver: a
      comparison with oestradiol-17 beta.
AB  - Nuclear interactions of alpha-zearalanol (P-1496) and oestradiol-17 beta (E2)
      were compared following binding of these compounds to cytosolic oestrogen
      receptor. A single dose of P-1496 (400 micrograms) or E2 (25 micrograms) given
      subcutaneously to ovariectomized female rats resulted in two peaks of nuclear
      oestrogen-receptor concentrations at approx. 0.5 and 4.5 h and showed no
      qualitative differences between the two compounds. Under in vitro cell-free
      conditions, [3H]P-1496 was also able to cause oestrogen receptor retention by
      liver nuclei. Moreover, analysis of salt-extracted nuclear-bound receptor on
      sucrose gradients gave similar results to those obtained using [3H]E2 with a main
      peak of radioactivity sedimenting at 5S. Using [3H]P-1496, the time-course of
      nuclear retention was examined in both males and females. These studies showed no
      sex difference with nuclear-bound radioactivity reaching a plateau between 20-30
      min. The ability of oestrogen-receptor complexes to bind to DNA was examined by
      DNA-cellulose chromatography. Using either [3H]E2 or [3H]P-1496 as the ligand,
      qualitative sex differences were shown in the number of peaks present. A
      comparison of chromatographic patterns obtained with the two ligands suggested
      close similarities in non-covalent DNA binding between the two compounds, in both
      males and females. These studies indicate that P-1496 is capable of causing
      retention of oestrogen receptor by liver nuclei and it binds to DNA in a manner
      similar to E2. Hence, our data do not explain the marked difference in
      oestrogenic activity observed in vivo between E2 and P-1496.

PMID- 3702437
TI  - Evidence that a non-aromatizable metabolite of norethisterone induces estrogen
      dependent pituitary progestin receptors.
AB  - Neutral reduced metabolites of norethisterone (NET) specifically interact with
      intracellular estrogen receptors in target organs. To determine if this
      interaction can effectively initiate estrogen-dependent cellular responses, the
      effects of an A-ring-reduced NET derivative upon the induction of cytosol-located
      pituitary progestin receptors (PR) and uterine growth were studied in adult
      castrated female rats. Different doses of 17 alpha-ethynyl-5 alpha-estran-3 beta,
      17 beta-diol (3 beta, 5 alpha-NET) were s.c. administered to ovariectomized
      animals for 6 days. 17 beta-Estradiol (E2) and oil-treated rats served as
      experimental controls. Pituitary PR were labeled in vitro by a post-gradient
      technique using [3H]ORG-2058 as the ligand. PR binding specificity was determined
      by the use of an excess of radioinert steroids. The results demonstrated that
      administration of 3 beta, 5 alpha-NET induced specific 8-9S pituitary cytosol PR
      in a dose-dependent manner. Binding properties of the 3 beta, 5 alpha-NET-induced
      progestin binding sites (Kd = 1.0 X 10(-9) M; NBS = 1.2 X 10(-9) M) appear
      indistinguishable from those induced by E2. In addition, 3 beta, 5 alpha-NET
      administration resulted in a significant increase in uterine weight at the
      expense of myometrium and endometrium growth in a similar fashion to that
      observed in the E2-treated group. When 3 alpha, 5 alpha-epimeric alcohol (3
      alpha, 5 alpha-NET) was administered, induction of pituitary PR and uterine
      growth were also observed although to a lesser extent. Inasmuch as the results
      demonstrate that neutral non-aromatizable NET metabolites induce biochemical and
      morphological estrogenic responses, they offer an alternative explanation for the
      mechanism of estrogen-like action of this synthetic contraceptive progestin.

PMID- 3702438
TI  - 17 alpha-allyl estradiol analogues as candidates for development of high-affinity
      fluorescein-estradiol conjugates.
AB  - In order to develop stable, high-affinity fluorescein-estradiol conjugates, the
      fluorescein moiety must be leashed to the estradiol molecule at a point which
      interferes least with estradiol's binding to the receptor. Because of the high
      affinity of 17 alpha-substituted estradiol (e.g. ethynyl estradiol), we
      investigated a series of 17 alpha-substituted estradiol compounds to determine
      the optimal properties of a leash at this position. Twelve estradiol derivatives
      bearing a three-carbon 17 alpha side chain with or without a terminal functional
      group and with varying degrees of unsaturation were synthesized. Initial
      comparison of the receptor binding affinities of some of these derivatives
      suggested that three factors might reduce affinity: internal hydrogen bonding of
      the 17 beta-hydroxyl proton with an oxygen atom of the 17 alpha side chain;
      hydrophilicity of the ligand; or steric interference of the side chain with
      receptor binding. Further comparisons were designed to evaluate the relative
      contribution of these factors. The results suggest that the relative affinities
      of these 17 alpha-substituted estradiol derivatives are influenced primarily by
      the steric interference of the side chains and also by their hydrophilicity.
      Internal hydrogen bonding involving the 17 beta-hydroxyl proton does not seem to
      have a profound effect.

PMID- 3702439
TI  - The temperature dependence of the binding of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone,
      testosterone and estradiol to the sex hormone globulin (SHBG) of human plasma.
AB  - The binding of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), testosterone and estradiol to
      the sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and albumin in human plasma has been
      studied at 4, 20 and 37 degrees C using the method of equilibrium partition in an
      aqueous two-phase system based on dextran, poly(ethylene glycol) and water. The
      intrinsic association constants for the binding to SHBG and the apparent
      association constant for the binding to albumin have been determined from
      Scatchard-type binding plots. The affinity of SHBG for DHT is 1.2-1.3 times
      higher than that for testosterone and 4 times higher than that for estradiol. The
      affinity of SHBG for the steroids decreases with increasing temperature. The mean
      values of the free energy of binding, delta G degree, in the temperature range
      used are -52.3, -51.7 and -48.9 kJ X mol-1 for the binding of DHT, testosterone
      and estradiol, respectively, to SHBG. The corresponding values of the enthalpy
      change, delta H degree, are 73.7, 70.0 and 99.0 J X mol-1 X K-1. These values are
      discussed in terms of the difference in the structure of the steroids. The
      affinity of albumin for testosterone and estradiol is almost equal and is lower
      than that for DHT. The delta G degree for the binding to albumin is about 55%
      lower than that for the binding to SHBG.

PMID- 3702440
TI  - Gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of salivary testosterone with
      reference to diethylstilboestrol-treated prostatic cancer patients.
AB  - Testosterone has been quantified in saliva by gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry with selected ion monitoring of the t-butyldimethylsilyl ether
      (TBDMS) of the oxime derivative. High specificity of instrumental analysis has
      been complemented by immunoadsorption for extraction of the analyte. The
      sensitivity of the detection is approx. 4 pmol/l and the precision of
      quantification is 3.4% CV for a value of 160 pmol/l and 11% for a value of 25
      pmol/l. Female subjects had salivary concentrations of testosterone of 14-52
      pmol/l, while testosterone was not detected in the saliva of prostatic cancer
      patients treated with diethylstilboestrol (DES).

PMID- 3702441
TI  - Regulation of estradiol and progesterone receptor concentrations in cat uteri
      following chronic progesterone administration.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the early effect of progesterone (P)
      on the estradiol (E2) and P receptor systems in cat uteri. Ovariectomized animals
      were treated with E2 for 7 days. Animals were then treated for up to 48 h with E2
      and P, treated with P while being E2 withdrawn, or just E2 withdrawn. P treatment
      resulted in a significant decrease in P cytosol receptor (PcR) and a significant
      increase in P nuclear receptor (PnR) at all times included in this study when
      compared to levels measured in the E2-treated animal. E2 cytosol receptor (EcR)
      and E2 nuclear receptor (EnR) levels were significantly lower after 12 h of P
      treatment and remained so for the duration of this study. When EcR and EnR levels
      were compared after 48 h of P treatment in the presence or absence of E2, or
      after 48 h of E2 withdrawal, the loss of EnR following P treatment appeared to be
      independent of any changes in EcR levels or serum E2 levels, and only dependent
      on the presence of P. These results clearly illustrate that the chronic
      administration of P decreases the uterine concentration of its own receptor, and
      suggests that P decreases the E2 receptor system by a selective action within the
      nucleus which diminishes their ability to retain EnR.

PMID- 3702442
TI  - Correlation between the malate dependent progesterone and citrate biosynthesis in
      the mitochondrial fraction of human term placenta. The stimulatory effect of ADP
      and ATP.
AB  - The relationship between malate dependent conversion of cholesterol to
      progesterone and citrate biosynthesis in human term placental mitochondria has
      been investigated. It has been shown that ADP and ATP (but not AMP) stimulate,
      significantly, both progesterone and citrate formation. The stimulatory effect of
      these adenine nucleotides was dependent on the presence of Mn2+ in the incubation
      medium. When Mn2+ was omitted or replaced by Mg2+ only negligible stimulatory
      effect of ADP and ATP was observed. Atractyloside and oligomycin were without
      effect on ADP and ATP stimulated progesterone and citrate production. Other
      dinucleotides tested as: GDP, UDP and CDP stimulated both progesterone and
      citrate formation only slightly. In all the experiments presented the rate of
      progesterone biosynthesis was found to be significantly correlated with the rate
      of citrate production. The experimental results presented in this paper suggest
      that the stimulatory effect of ADP and ATP on malate dependent progesterone
      biosynthesis is a consequence of an increased conversion of malate to
      tricarboxylic Krebs cycle intermediates. The possible mechanism by which ATP and
      ADP stimulate the citrate formation in human placental mitochondria is discussed.

PMID- 3702443
TI  - Metabolism of 4-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione by rat hepatocytes.
AB  - 4-[14C]HAD was rapidly metabolized (99% after 5 min) by hepatocytes from
      phenobarbital-treated rats. An array of phase I metabolites was formed, variously
      involving one and two reductions, hydroxylation, hydration and hydroxylation plus
      one or two reductions. Some of the metabolites were identified by synthesis and
      others tentatively by mass spectrometry. After 10 min, approximately 30% of the
      original radioactivity was present in HAD glucuronide and, after 15 min,
      approximately 60% was present in the total glucuronide fraction which contained
      several components. Only one of the phase I metabolites (2-hydroxy-HAD) exhibited
      significant aromatase inhibitory activity (45% of that of HAD).

PMID- 3702444
TI  - Free fatty acids: a possible regulator of the available oestradiol fractions in
      plasma.
AB  - Consumption of dietary fats has been linked to the high incidence of breast
      cancer found in Western women. In vitro studies we have carried out show that
      unsaturated free fatty acids can increase the biologically available oestradiol
      fractions in plasma. It is possible therefore that the increased risk for breast
      cancer associated with a diet high in fats may be related to an elevation in the
      biologically available oestradiol fractions in plasma.

PMID- 3702445
TI  - Influence of castration and androgen treatment on the synthesis of prostatic
      binding protein and the concentration of its mRNA in the rat ventral prostate.
AB  - The regulation by androgens of the synthesis of prostatic binding protein (PBP),
      an abundant secretory protein of the rat ventral prostate, was studied by
      measuring the rate of incorporation of [3H]leucine into total protein and into
      PBP by prostatic tissue in vitro. PBP-specific synthesis dropped to 30% of the
      intact level after 3 days and to 5.5% after 7 days. Administration of androgens
      to 7 day-castrated rats reversed these changes: 36% of the control value was
      reached after 3 days of treatment and 70% after 5 days. The mRNAs of PBP were
      measured under similar conditions by means of dot hybridization, using C1-, C2-
      and C3-specific cDNA-clones. The 3 mRNAs followed a parallel course. They
      decreased to about 18% on the third day after castration and to about 2% after 7
      days. Androgen treatment of 7-day castrated rats produced a small increase of
      these levels after 1 day. After 3 days 15% of the intact level was reached. The
      general similarity of the time course of PBP synthesis and PBP mRNA levels in
      castrated and androgen treated rats supports a transcriptional regulation
      mechanism, although there also is some evidence for an influence on protein
      synthesis in general.

PMID- 3702446
TI  - Possible synthesis of steroid-protein for immunization with a fixed narrow range
      of the hapten-protein ratio.
AB  - A comparison of two methods for synthesis of a steroid-protein conjugate
      (progesterone-11 alpha-hemisuccinate-BSA) has been made. Under the conditions of
      the method described, using tetrahydrofurane as a medium for the coupling
      reaction, stable intermediate products were obtained. The resulting conjugate had
      a narrow range of the hapten-protein ratio (18-20 steroid molecules per molecule
      of BSA), very good solubility in water and almost no unreacted BSA in the sample.
      Antisera raised against this conjugate, applied in low dose (50 micrograms), had
      quite satisfactory characteristics concerning their titre and specificity. The
      tests for recovery, sensitivity and the range of measurement established the
      possibility of using such antisera for the radioimmunoassay of progesterone.

PMID- 3702447
TI  - Proliferative response of seminal vesicle cells to androgen and estrogen in
      neonatally castrated mice.
AB  - Proliferation and death of androgen- and estrogen-responsive cells in seminal
      vesicles were compared between neonatally and adult (on Day 60 after birth)
      castrated mice. Daily injections of either testosterone propionate (TP) or
      estradiol-17 beta (E2) were started on Day 90 after birth; the incorporation of 5
      [125I]iodo-2'-deoxyuridine ([125I]IdUrd) into the whole seminal vesicles was used
      as an index for proliferation. Although the peak of [125I]IdUrd uptake was
      observed 3 days after starting TP injections in both neonatally and adult
      castrated mice, the peak was lower and the period of proliferation was much
      longer in the former than in the latter. When TP injections were stopped, the
      fraction of surviving cells that synthesized DNA on Day 3 of TP injections was
      much larger in neonatally than adult castrated mice. The difference was
      attributed to the presence of TP-induced proliferation of fibromuscular cells in
      the neonatally castrated mice but not in the adult castrated mice; only the
      fibromuscular cells but not epithelial cells survived after stopping TP
      injections. Although injections of E2 increased the proliferation of epithelial
      cells but did not the weight of seminal vesicles in adult castrated mice, the
      same procedure increased the proliferation of both epithelial and fibromuscular
      cells and the weight in neonatally castrated mice. The E2-induced fibromuscular
      cells seemed to survive in the presence or absence of E2. The present results
      seem to indicate that androgen- and estrogen-induced proliferation of
      fibromuscular cells is irreversible in seminal vesicles of neonatally castrated
      mice and that the depletion of androgen in the seminal vesicle during neonatal
      and prepubertal periods is at least in part compensated by the administration of
      androgen, even after 90 days of age.

PMID- 3702448
TI  - Regulation of avidin accumulation by prostaglandins in chick oviduct culture.
AB  - Regulation of avidin accumulation by prostaglandins (PGs) and their inhibitors
      was studied in chick oviduct organ culture. Avidin was induced neither by
      progesterone nor PGF2 alpha in the oviduct of immature chicks. By progesterone
      and PGs, a high avidin synthesis was induced when the chicks received
      diethylstilbestrol (DES) for 7 days. Enhanced avidin production was observed by
      PGF2 alpha, PGE1 and PGE2, whereas PGA2 and PGB2 had a slight inhibitory effect
      and PGA1 and PGB1 had no effect on avidin production. PGF2 alpha was most
      effective at a concentration of 10-20 micrograms/ml. The effects of progesterone
      and PGF2 alpha were not additive. Mefenamic acid, at concentrations of 40 and 60
      micrograms/ml, inhibited 50 and 85%, respectively, of the avidin synthesis
      induced by progesterone, whereas the inhibition of the total protein synthesis
      was only 20%, and this only by the higher concentration of the drug. Tolfenamic
      and meclofenamic acid were also inhibitory in the case of progestin-induced
      avidin synthesis. These studies indicate that the PGs (F2 alpha, E1 and E2) might
      be involved in the avidin induction in the chick differentiated oviduct. The
      specific inhibition of the progesterone-dependent avidin synthesis by the PG
      inhibitors suggests that PGs may be connected with the progesterone action in the
      oviduct. We propose that the avidin synthesis by the chick oviduct might be
      considered as a model system for studying PG effects on the synthesis of a
      specific protein.

PMID- 3702449
TI  - Corticosteroid receptors in rat hippocampal sections: effect of adrenalectomy and
      corticosterone replacement.
AB  - Rat brain sections, located at the hippocampal level, were used to study the
      effect of bilateral adrenalectomy, with or without corticosterone treatment, on
      the number and affinity of corticosteroid binding sites. Adrenalectomy induces an
      increase of corticosterone receptor binding sites whereas adrenalectomy followed
      by in vivo corticosterone treatment produces a 50% decrease of binding site
      number. Increases and decreases of binding site number were not associated with a
      significant modification of the affinity for corticosterone. The present data
      show that in vivo corticosterone modulates its own number of binding sites
      demonstrated by in vitro binding on brain sections, in a manner which is
      reminiscent of changes in cytosol receptors demonstrated by conventional
      biochemical methods. Thus, this in vitro method provides an alternative way to
      study the plasticity of hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors.

PMID- 3702450
TI  - Transport and intracellular localization of cortisol-asialotranscortin complexes
      in rat liver.
AB  - The influence of desialylation of human transcortin on transport of the
      transcortin-cortisol complex into the liver cells and its intracellular
      distribution was investigated in perfused rat liver. Under experimental
      conditions used the half-time of cortisol in perfusion medium was decreased more
      than 200 times in presence of asialotranscortin compared to that of native
      transcortin. Experiments with [3H]cortisol and [131I]asialotranscortin
      demonstrated a simultaneous uptake of cortisol and asialotranscortin by the
      hepatocytes. Distribution of [3H]cortisol and [131I]asialotranscortin in
      subcellular fractions showed the following pathway of cortisol-asialotranscortin
      complex: cell membrane, lysosomes, cytoplasm. The complex dissociates in
      lysosomes.

PMID- 3702451
TI  - The effect of colchicine on cholesterol processing by the progesterone-producing
      cells of the luteinized ovary.
AB  - Previously, we indicated that luteal cells from colchicine-treated superovulatory
      (luteinized) rats show decreased capacity for progesterone production. The
      current study investigates the possibility that colchicine exerts this effect by
      interfering with the mechanism by which cholesterol is processed and/or
      synthesized by luteal cells. To this end, animals were treated with saline or
      colchicine after which the luteinized ovary or isolated luteal cells were assayed
      for their cholesterol content, their ability to synthesize cholesterol
      endogenously, or their ability to utilize lipoprotein-delivered cholesterol for
      the production of progesterone. The results show that animals treated with
      colchicine show a number of changes in luteal cell cholesterol metabolism: namely
      a 60% decline in stored cholesterol, a 3-fold rise in the activity of the
      cholesterol synthesizing enzyme HMG CoA reductase (although no change occurs in
      other cholesterol metabolizing enzymes), and a 3-fold rise in the capacity of the
      cells to incorporate precursor [14C]acetate into cholesterol. On the other hand,
      cells of animals treated with colchicine or cells treated with colchicine under
      in vitro circumstances are unable to fully utilize cholesterol provided by high
      density lipoproteins (HDL): this occurs despite the fact that the binding of HDL
      particles to luteal cells is quite normal after colchicine treatment. These
      findings are consistent with the view that a primary effect of colchicine on
      luteal cell progesterone production is in preventing the normal uptake of HDL
      cholesterol.

PMID- 3702452
TI  - A transplantable rat Leydig cell tumor--3. Isoproterenol and prostaglandin E1
      (PGE1) responsive adenylyl cyclase (AC). Regulatory effects of nucleotides and
      magnesium.
AB  - The activity of the membrane bound adenylyl cyclase (AC), the effects of
      nucleotides, Mg2+-cations and its responsiveness to isoproterenol and
      prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) were examined in a transplantable rat Leydig cell tumor
      (H-540). Both isoproterenol and PGE1 caused activation of the AC in Leydig cell
      tumors. The degree of activation by PGE1 (4-5-fold) was approximately twice that
      of isoproterenol (2-3-fold). The addition of both AC agonists simultaneously was
      not additive indicating that they activate AC of the same cell. Increasing
      concentrations of ATP (0.025-2.0 X 10 mM) caused a concentration dependent
      increase in both the basal and hormone stimulated AC activity, and the activation
      by isoproterenol and PGE1 (relative response) revealed a slight but significant
      increase with increasing ATP concentrations. Lineweaver-Burke analysis of these
      data indicated an apparent Km for ATP (Mg X ATP) of 0.16 mM. Free magnesium did
      not influence the apparent Km of the AC for ATP. Increasing concentrations of
      free Mg2+ (0.24-13.2 mM) also caused a concentration dependent increasing
      activation of AC activity up to a concentration of approx 6 mM in excess of Mg2+
      binding ingredients. Higher concentrations of free Mg2+ (13.1 mM) caused a small
      but significant decrease in both basal and agonist stimulated AC activity. In
      contrast to other reports, activation by isoproterenol and PGE1 was in general
      not influenced by the concentration of Mg2+. Both GTP and GMP-P(NH)P stimulated
      basal and hormone stimulated AC activity (Kact 1 microM), but with different
      kinetics. In the presence of GTP, AC activity was almost constant for 90 min. In
      the presence of GMP-P(NH)P, AC activity was much higher, but constant AC activity
      occurred after a certain lag time (7-10 min), which was reduced by PGE1 and
      isoproterenol. In conclusion, cAMP production in Leydig cell tumors is stimulated
      by both PGE1 and isoproterenol. The AC activity and activation by these agonists
      are regulated by Mg2+ and nucleotides in a slightly different manner from most
      other cells. The association between AC activation and stimulation of steroid
      production by Leydig cell tumors remains to be investigated.

PMID- 3702453
TI  - The effect of dithiothreitol on the kinetics of dissociation of dexamethasone
      from the non-transformed mammary cytosolic glucocorticoid receptor.
AB  - Sulfhydryl reducing agents such as dithiothreitol are required for maximum
      binding of dexamethasone to the mammary cytosolic glucocorticoid receptor, but
      little is known concerning the effects of dithiothreitol on the kinetics of the
      binding reaction. In this report we have examined the influence of dithiothreitol
      on the dissociation kinetics of dexamethasone from the non-transformed
      glucocorticoid-receptor complex at 0-4 degrees C under various experimental
      conditions. Without dithiothreitol, the rate of dissociation of dexamethasone
      remains essentially the same (t1/2 approximately 17 h) regardless of the method
      chosen to monitor dissociation. With dithiothreitol, however, there is a marked
      acceleration in the rate of dissociation of receptor-bound dexamethasone when an
      excess of unlabeled dexamethasone is used to study dissociation (t1/2
      approximately 5 h) but not when dissociation is investigated by removal of free
      labeled dexamethasone by charcoal adsorption (t1/2 approximately 21 h);
      dithiothreitol also accelerates the observed rate of dissociation when a
      combination of these methods is used. An acceleration in the rate of receptor
      bound dexamethasone is also observed when an excess of the synthetic progestin,
      R5020, is used in the dissociation assay. The possible reasons and importance
      underlying these findings have been discussed.

PMID- 3702454
TI  - Characterization of estrogen binding proteins in mouse liver cytosol: absence of
      sexual dimorphism.
AB  - Estrogen binding proteins in mouse liver cytosol were characterized by separation
      on Sephadex G-75 columns, by Scatchard plot analysis, and by hormonal competition
      studies. A high affinity receptor (56-70 fmol/mg cytosolic protein) with a mol.
      wt greater than 75,000, Kd of 5.7-8.4 X 10(-10) M was identified in male and
      female C3H liver. A second high capacity low affinity (HCLA) binder (200-300
      fmol/mg cytosolic protein) with a mol. wt of about 50,000, Kd of 1.7-7.2 X 10(-8)
      was also identified. Following partial purification of the estrogen binders by
      ammonium sulfate precipitation, Scatchard plot analysis revealed selective
      removal of HCLA. On Sephadex G-75 filtration, the purification also resulted in
      selective removal of the 17 beta-estradiol binding component with a mol. wt of
      50,000. Comparison with rat cytosol separations show that the sexual dimorphism
      in HCLA binding proteins (5 times higher in male than female rat liver) was
      absent in the mouse liver. These studies document the presence of a specific high
      affinity estrogen binding protein in mouse liver and indicate that the sexual
      dimorphism in HCLA proteins is not a universal feature of all rodent species.

PMID- 3702455
TI  - Identification of two forms of progesterone receptor from chick oviduct cytosol
      using non-denaturing gel electrophoresis.
AB  - Non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and non-denaturing agarose gel
      electrophoresis have been used to resolve [3H]R5020-binding components from chick
      oviduct cytosol. From both gel systems 2 peaks of bound radioactivity are
      resolved which display these properties of authentic progesterone receptor:
      binding of R5020: steroid specificity, saturability, and restriction to target
      tissues. The two peaks are approximately equal in magnitude, and there is no
      evidence for interconversion of the 2 peaks. The presence or absence of 10-20 mM
      sodium molybdate during cytosol preparation had no effect on the magnitude or
      mobility of either peak. Neither peak contains salt-dissociable components which
      affect its electrophoretic properties, suggesting a possible alteration of native
      receptor forms during electrophoresis.

PMID- 3702456
TI  - Hormone independent activation of rat uterine estrogen receptor by exposure of
      isolated uteri to anaerobic conditions.
AB  - Incubation of isolated rat uteri under anaerobic conditions, which consisted of
      either an atmosphere of carbon monoxide or nitrogen, caused an increase in
      nuclear estrogen binding which was not dependent on added estrogen. The
      incubation of uteri in the absence of added estrogen under aerobic conditions
      (atmosphere of oxygen or oxygen-carbon dioxide [95-5%]) did not increase uterine
      nuclear estrogen binding levels. High salt (0.5-M KCl) extracts of the nuclear
      estrogen binding moiety induced by anaerobiosis were shown to possess a
      sedimentation coefficient on sucrose-glycerol gradients of 4.8S, a binding
      specificity restricted to estrogens and an apparent affinity constant of 1.35 nM.
      These data confirm that the nuclear binding moiety induced by anaerobiosis
      possesses the characteristics of an estrogen receptor. The enhanced nuclear
      estrogen receptor retention induced under anaerobic conditions could be accounted
      for by a significant increase in nuclear receptor extracted by high salt (0.5 M
      KCl) and by ethanol (salt resistant fraction). Furthermore, sequential extraction
      of nuclear estrogen receptor from uteri exposed to aerobic conditions in the
      presence of added estradiol paralleled the results obtained with anaerobiosis.
      Total receptor retained under anaerobiosis represented 25% of that observed under
      aerobic conditions in the presence of estrogen. These results indicate that
      anaerobic conditions can cause an activation of uterine estrogen receptor. This
      activation process represents a pathway for receptor activation which does not
      require steroid.

PMID- 3702457
TI  - The kinetic mechanism of the anterior pituitary progesterone 5 alpha-reductase.
AB  - An analysis of the kinetic mechanism of the microsomal NADPH-linked progesterone
      5 alpha-reductase obtained from female rat anterior pituitaries was performed.
      Initial velocity, product inhibition and dead-end inhibition studies indicate
      that the kinetic mechanism for the progesterone 5 alpha-reductase is equilibrium
      ordered sequential. Analysis of the initial velocity data resulted in
      intersecting double reciprocal plots suggesting a sequential mechanism [apparent
      Km(progesterone) = 88.2 +/- 8.2 nM; apparent Kia(NADPH) = 7.7 +/- 1.1 microM].
      Furthermore, the plot of 1/v vs 1/progesterone intersected on the ordinate which
      is indicative of an equilibrium ordered mechanism. Additional support for ordered
      substrate binding was provided by the product inhibition studies with NADPH
      versus NADP and progesterone versus NADP. NADP is a competitive inhibitor versus
      NADPH (apparent Kis = 7.8 +/- 1.0 microM) and a noncompetitive inhibitor versus
      progesterone (apparent Kis = 9.85 +/- 2.1 microM and apparent Kii = 63.2 +/- 12.5
      microM). These inhibition patterns suggest that NADPH binds prior to
      progesterone. In sum, these kinetic studies indicate that NADPH binds to the
      microsomal enzyme in rapid equilibrium and preferentially precedes the binding of
      progesterone.

PMID- 3702458
TI  - Characterization of estrogen binding sites in the liver of the newt Pleurodeles
      waltl (Urodela:Amphibia): demonstration of a sex-linked heterogeneity.
AB  - Saturation analysis over a wide range of [3H]estradiol-17 beta concentrations (1
      40 nM) in cytosols prepared from liver of the newt Pleurodeles waltl of both
      sexes revealed a sex-linked heterogeneity of the estradiol-17 beta binding sites.
      In females, one type of binding site has been identified as a classical receptor.
      It exhibited a high affinity for estradiol-17 beta (Kd = 9 X 10(-9) M), had a
      high specificity for estrogenic compounds and was stabilized by monothioglycerol.
      In males, in addition to the receptor found in females, a second estrogen binding
      component was detected, not observed in female cytosols. It exhibited a Kd of 4.8
      X 10(-8) M for estradiol 17 beta, higher capacity and displayed the same highly
      specific estrogen binding as does the estrogen receptor. It was affected by
      monothioglycerol and its binding was found to be significantly increased on
      cytosol dilution, as well as by estrogen-treatment.

PMID- 3702459
TI  - Physicochemical characteristics of human sex hormone binding globulin: evidence
      for two identical subunits.
AB  - We have developed a rapid protocol for the purification of human sex hormone
      binding globulin (SHBG) which allows the protein to be purified from pregnancy
      serum within 48 h. This minimizes any possible degradation of the protein by
      serum proteases, and has enabled us to re-examine some important and
      controversial aspects of its structural composition. Our physicochemical data are
      consistent with the hypothesis that SHBG is a dimeric glycoprotein composed of 2
      protomers that exhibit size heterogeneity (approximately 50 and approximately 52
      K daltons). The dimeric SHBG molecule appears to contain only approximately 8%
      carbohydrate, and sequence information indicates that an N-linked oligosaccharide
      chain may be attached to residue 7 (asparagine) from the NH2-terminal amino acid
      (leucine). When compared with earlier reports, differences in the relative
      amounts of heavy (approximately 52 K) and light (approximately 50 K) protomers,
      and the microheterogeneity of NH2-terminal amino acids, have led us to conclude
      that they may be caused by proteolytic degradation in vivo as well as during the
      storage of blood samples prior to protein purification. However, the NH2-terminal
      amino acid sequence data indicate that the primary structures of the heavy
      protomers, which evidently interact to form the majority of SHBG dimer in serum,
      are similar and may even be identical. Evidence to support this is provided by
      the observation that a monoclonal antibody, which recognises a configurational
      epitope, interacts with two epitopes per native dimeric form of human SHBG.

PMID- 3702460
TI  - Interaction of the calf uterine estrogen receptor with acceptor sites in
      heterologous chicken target cell nuclei.
AB  - Estrogen receptor (ER) from chicken liver and calf uterus were used to study the
      capacity and the characteristics of the receptor binding sites (acceptor sites)
      in chicken target cell nuclei. Binding studies were performed at a physiological
      salt concentration of 0.15 M KCl. Binding of liver ER to liver nuclei was
      temperature-dependent, showing a 9-fold increase between 0 and 28 degrees C. The
      maximal number of acceptor sites measured in this cell-free system (280
      sites/nucleus) was considerably lower than measured in nuclei after in vivo
      administration of estrogen (820 sites/nucleus). Moreover incubation of nuclei
      with the liver ER preparation resulted in a substantial breakdown of nuclear DNA,
      making this ER less suitable for DNA binding studies. The temperature-activated
      calf uterine receptor bound to liver nuclei at 0 degrees C, at which temperature
      no DNA degradation was measured. To all chicken cell nuclei tested, the receptor
      bound with a high affinity (Kd = 0.4-1.0 nM). Nuclear binding displayed tissue
      specificity: oviduct greater than heart, liver greater than spleen greater than
      erythrocytes and was salt dependent. Calf uterine ER binding in liver nuclei
      ranged from 3000-6000 acceptor sites per nucleus when assayed under conditions of
      a constant protein or a constant DNA concentration. Nuclei isolated from estrogen
      treated cockerels bound a 2-fold lower number of calf uterine ER complexes when
      compared to control nuclei. Incubation of nuclei with a fixed concentration of
      [3H]ER from liver and increasing concentrations of uterine non-radioactive-ER
      also resulted in a reduced binding of the liver receptor. Both types of
      experiments suggest that liver and uterine ER compete for a common nuclear
      acceptor site. Our data demonstrate that the ER from calf uterus is very useful
      as a probe to examine the nature of the acceptor sites in heterologous chicken
      target cell nuclei. The assay system functions at 0 degrees C, a temperature at
      which no DNA degradation occurs.

PMID- 3702461
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of 5-androstene-3 beta,17 beta-diol in plasma and in breast cyst
      fluid.
AB  - A simple and reliable radioimmunoassay for the determination of 5-androstene-3
      beta, 17 beta-diol in peripheral plasma and in breast cyst fluid, after a
      chromatography on Celite microcolumn has been described and evaluated. The
      antiserum used was raised in rabbits injected with dehydroepiandrosterone-15
      alpha-(O-carboxymethyl)-bovine serum albumin. In men below 40 years of age the
      levels ranged from 0.85 to 2.80 ng/ml (mean +/- SEM: 1.52 +/- 0.11; n = 24) and
      from 0.50 to 2.20 ng/ml (mean +/- SEM: 0.93 +/- 0.09; n = 20) in men aged between
      41 and 62 years. The mean level was significantly different (P less than 0.001)
      between the 2 groups. A significant correlation (r = -0.56; P less than 0.01) was
      demonstrated between age and all male levels. In females the mean plasma level
      was in the follicular phase: 0.81 +/- 0.07 ng/ml (range: 0.40-1.50; n = 17; age:
      19-41 years) and in the luteal phase: 0.83 +/- 0.05 ng/ml (range: 0.40-1.30; n =
      29; age: 18-43 years). No cyclical change and no correlation with age could be
      evidenced. A significant difference (P less than 0.001) was shown between females
      and the young male group. In breast cyst fluid the levels ranged from 0.05 to
      13.70 ng/ml (mean +/- SEM: 2.36 +/- 0.86; n = 20) whereas the sulfate
      concentrations ranged from 75 to 7500 ng/ml (mean +/- SEM: 1891 +/- 565; n = 15),
      thus demonstrating very wide inter-individual variations.

PMID- 3702463
TI  - Testosterone metabolism by isolated human axillary Corynebacterium spp.: a gas
      chromatographic mass-spectrometric study.
AB  - Transformations of [4-14C]testosterone have been studied in Corynebacterium spp.
      isolated from the axillae of men. Metabolites have been separated by TLC and
      capillary gas chromatography and have been identified by gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry (GC-MS). The introduction of a clean-up step using Florisil columns,
      prior to TLC, removed Tween-80 which co-extracted from the medium with the
      metabolites. This procedure greatly improved TLC resolution. Testosterone was
      converted enzymically to 5 alpha- and 5 beta-DHT, identification being assisted
      by the inclusion of [3,4-13C]testosterone in some incubations. Other metabolites
      formed enzymically were 4-androstene-3,17-dione, 5 beta-androstane-3,17-dione, 3
      beta-hydroxy-5 beta-androstan-17-one and 5 beta-androstane-3 alpha .17 alpha
      diol. Some spontaneous breakdown of [14C]testosterone occurred giving rise to 5
      alpha (beta)-DHT, androstanediol and a monohydroxy-diketo-androstene, the latter
      being reduced enzymically to 2 monohydroxy-diketo-androstanes. Under the
      conditions used, no clear evidence has been obtained for the formation of 5 alpha
      androst-16-en-3-one, an odorous steroid that occurs in the axillae of men; the
      possible reasons why we were unable to prove the biosynthesis of this compound
      are discussed.

PMID- 3702462
TI  - The effects of diethyl-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5 alpha-androstane-17 beta
      carboxamide (4-MA) and (4R)-5,10-SECO-19-norpregna-4,5-diene-3,10,20-trione
      (SECO) on androgen biosynthesis in the rat testis and epididymis.
AB  - We have investigated the effects of two 4-ene-steroid 5 alpha-reductase
      inhibitors, diethyl-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5 alpha-androstane-17 beta-carboxamide
      (4-MA) and (4R)-5,10-seco-19-norpregna-4, 5-diene-3,10,20-trione (SECO), on
      testicular and epididymal androgen biosynthesis. Kinetic analyses revealed that
      both compounds inhibited epididymal DHT biosynthesis. 4-MA was a competitive
      inhibitor of epididymal nuclear and microsomal 4-ene-steroid 5 alpha-reductases
      (3-oxo-5 alpha-steroid: NADP 4-ene-oxidoreductase EC 1.3.1.22) with Kiapp values
      of 12.8 and 15.1 nmol/l compared to the respective Kmapp values of 185 and 240
      nmol/l. Values for the Vmaxapp were always within 70-130% of the control. SECO at
      1.0 mumol/l, also inhibited epididymal nuclear and microsomal 4-ene-steroid-5
      alpha-reductases, causing respectively 2.9 and 5.2-fold increases in Kmapp. The
      Vmaxapp values were unchanged. However, SECO concentrations of 5 and 25 mumol/l
      abolished 4-ene-steroid 5 alpha-reductase activity at all testosterone
      concentrations. To examine the specificity of these compounds, we investigated
      their effects on the enzymes that convert pregnenolone to testosterone. Rat
      testis microsomes converted pregnenolone to testosterone via the 4-ene-3-oxo
      pathway, with the major metabolites being progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, 4
      androstenedione and testosterone; some 17-hydroxypregnenolone was also formed.
      Very small amounts of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and 5-androstenediol were
      detected. SECO, at a concentration that completely inhibited epididymal 4-ene
      steroid 5 alpha-reductase activity, did not alter the metabolic profile of
      pregnenolone metabolism. However, 4-MA prevented the appearance of 4-ene
      steroids, and large quantities of 17-hydroxypregnenolone and DHA accumulated,
      suggesting that inhibition of the 3 beta-hydroxysteroid: NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase
      (EC 1.1.1.51) and 3-oxosteroid 5-ene-4-ene-isomerase (EC 5.3.3.1) [3 beta
      hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-isomerase] was occurring. Optimal conditions for the
      microsomal conversion of DHA to 4-androstenedione were determined; kinetic
      analyses of the 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-isomerase activity revealed
      that 4-MA inhibited this reaction non-competitively, reducing Vmaxapp values to
      25% of the control. The Kiapp determined from the intercept replot, was 121
      nmol/l, and the Kmapp was always between 90 and 130% of the control value. It is
      concluded that SECO is more specific than 4-MA in its effects on androgen
      biosynthesis in the testis and epididymis and that both these drugs should
      provide useful tools in assessments of the relative contributions of 5 alpha
      reduced androgens to androgen dependent processes.

PMID- 3702464
TI  - Androstenedione metabolism in human lung fibroblasts.
AB  - Human lung fibroblasts in culture metabolized [3H]androstenedione to a number of
      different compounds, including testosterone, 5 alpha-androstanedione,
      androsterone, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, isoandrosterone, and 5 alpha
      androstane-3 alpha,-17 beta-diol. The major products were 5 alpha-androstanedione
      and testosterone. Estrone, estradiol-17 beta and 5 beta-reduced steroids were not
      formed. The production rates of testosterone and 5 alpha-androstanedione from
      [3H]androstenedione by lung fibroblasts were studied both as a function of
      incubation time and substrate concentration. The rates of formation of
      testosterone and 5 alpha-androstanedione remained linear with time up to 4 h. The
      apparent Km of human lung fibroblast 5 alpha-reductase was 1 microM, and that of
      17 beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase was 11 microM. The findings of this study
      suggest that mesenchyma may contribute to the metabolism of androstenedione in
      human lung tissue.

PMID- 3702465
TI  - Prediction and detection of ovulation by the measurement of urinary pregnanetriol
      3 alpha-glucuronide. A multicentre study.
AB  - The urine excretion pattern of pregnanetriol 3 alpha-glucuronide (PT-3G)
      throughout the menstrual cycle in 26 normal ovulating women was evaluated in a
      multicentre study. The concentration of PT-3G was measured by radioimmunoassay in
      daily samples of early morning urine (EMU) from 20 women for three consecutive
      cycles and from 6 women who conceived during the period of study. PT-3G was also
      measured in 24-h urine samples from 5 additional women. The peak of urine LH was
      used as a reference point for ovulation (Day 0). The EMU concentration of PT-3G
      in the follicular phase of 60 normal ovulatory cycles was 5.10 mumol/l +/- 0.11
      (arithmetic mean +/- SE). The first PT-3G defined rise (CUSUM analysis) occurred
      during the late follicular phase (Days -3 to 0) with a PT-3G maximum excretion
      (9.69 mumol/1 +/- 0.55) on Day 0, whereas a PT-3G excretion peak occurred during
      mid-luteal phase (Days +5 to +9). The overall PT-3G excretion during the luteal
      phase (8.06 mumol/1 +/- 0.17) was significantly higher than that of the
      follicular phase (P less than 0.001). A further sustained increase in PT-3G
      excretion was noted after day +11 in the conceptional cycles. The 24-h excretion
      profile of PT-3G was similar to that obtained in EMU samples. No inter-centre
      significant variation was noticed in terms of PT-3G concentration values. The
      results were interpreted as demonstrating that the PT-3G excretion profile
      throughout the cycle exhibits a close resemblance to that of serum 17-OH
      progesterone. The data also indicates that although the immunoanalytical
      measurement of this urine steroid metabolite does not give an early sign for the
      occurrence of ovulation, it can be used for both the immediate prediction and the
      detection of ovulation.

PMID- 3702466
TI  - Characterization of the androgen-dependent 22Kdalton glycoprotein from rat
      ventral prostate.
AB  - Oxidation by molecular oxygen converted the 22Kdalton glycoprotein from rat
      ventral prostate into a 34K species and this reaction could be reversed by thiol
      reducing reagent. Measurement of the level of the 22Kdalton glycoprotein in
      prostatic cytosol by the radial immunodiffusion technique showed that changes in
      the 22Kdalton glycoprotein concentration in response to androgen withdrawal and
      replacement were slow in comparison to androgen regulated levels of mRNA coding
      for the protein. (3) Charcoal absorption steroid binding assays of the 22Kdalton
      glycoprotein revealed that the protein did not bind testosterone, estradiol,
      progesterone or corticosterone. These results indicate that the 22Kdalton
      glycoprotein is metabolically stable, not steroid-binding, and exists as an
      oligomer through disulfide crosslinking.

PMID- 3702467
TI  - Experimental model for pharmacokinetic studies during continuous peritoneal
      dialysis in the rabbit.
AB  - An experimental model permitting continuous peritoneal dialysis in rabbits, very
      close to continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) as performed in humans,
      is described. Animals were carefully monitored before and during dialysis for
      plasma, urine, and dialysate biochemical parameters, and electrocardiogram, body
      temperature, weight, and white cell count in dialysate. Dialysis was performed
      successfully for 21 days without failure. Difficulties in setting up the final
      model are reported. The suitability of the model for pharmacokinetic and
      pharmacodynamic studies was borne out by administering atenolol (i.v. before
      CADP, i.v. after one week of CAPD, and i.p. one week later) and analyzing the
      findings.

PMID- 3702468
TI  - The nonstop transvesical cystometrogram in urethane-anesthetized rats: a simple
      procedure for quantitative studies on the various phases of urinary bladder
      voiding cycle.
AB  - A new cystometric procedure that involves a nonstop transvesical (through a
      needle inserted into the bladder dome) infusion of saline in urethane
      anesthetized rats is described. This permits the obtainment of a series of
      repetitive voiding cycles in both male and female rats. Recording at high-chart
      speed permits quantitative measurements of the various phases of the voiding
      cycle. Micturition was almost invariably associated with appearance, during a
      sustained increase of intravesical pressure, of a series of high-frequency
      oscillations, which were paralleled by a stream-like emission of the infused
      fluid. Micturition was not observed after topical tetrodotoxin, after bilateral
      transection of pelvic nerves, or in acute spinal rats. Intravenous hexamethonium
      produced a dose-related impairment of the voiding cycle, and, at high doses,
      suppressed micturition, and overflow incontinence ensued. The experimental
      procedure described herein appears to be suitable for physiopharmacological
      studies dealing with regulation of voiding cycle.

PMID- 3702469
TI  - In vitro evaluation of nucleoside transport inhibition in vivo.
AB  - A method is described which permits rapid evaluation of the effects of nucleoside
      transport inhibitors on [3H]thymidine uptake into mouse whole blood cells. The
      uptake is measured after 15-20 sec by withdrawing 100 microliters of blood from
      the orbital sinus into microcapillary pipets that have been prelabeled with
      [3H]thymidine. Blood cells are rapidly separated from plasma by centrifugation
      through a layer of dibutyl phthalate using an Eppendorf microcentrifuge. The acid
      soluble radio-activity associated with the cell pellet is then determined.
      Treatment of mice with the nucleoside transport inhibitors dipyridamole or p
      nitrobenzylthioinosine 5'-monophosphate reduces uptake of the radioisotope into
      the cells. The assay allows for estimation of the dose- and time-effect
      relationships for inhibition of nucleoside transport by these agents. Advantages
      of the method are its simplicity, its speed, and the fact that the biological
      sample and drug are not diluted before measurement of the drug effect.

PMID- 3702470
TI  - A new model for biological pattern formation.
AB  - Various non-equilibrium growth models have been used to explore the development
      of morphology in biological systems. Here we review a class of biological growth
      models which exhibit fractal structures and discuss the relationship of these
      models to a variety of other phenomena.

PMID- 3702471
TI  - The significance of over- and underdominance for the maintenance of genetic
      polymorphisms. II. Overdominance and instability with random mating.
AB  - Part I of the present series demonstrates that globally stable polymorphic
      equilibria may show underdominance in Darwinian fitness. Hence, overdominance in
      fitness can no longer be conceived of as a necessary condition for the stability
      of a polymorphism. In the present paper, the question is posed as to whether
      overdominance is at least sufficient for this stability. A population of randomly
      mating individuals is considered, where selection operates uniquely through
      differential fecundities of particular mating types and may generate either a
      heterozygote excess or deficit relative to Hardy-Weinberg proportions. It turns
      out that both unstable central overdominance and stable central underdominance
      are possible and that their occurrence is strongly related to an excess or a
      deficiency of heterozygotes in the vicinity of the regions of instability or
      stability. As one consequence, the above suggested sufficiency of heterozygote
      superiority is not valid, even in random mating populations. Based on the results
      of both papers of this series, which demonstrate the inadequacy of over- and
      underdominance as indicators of stability or instability, a modified
      overdominance principle is discussed. This principle states that a biallelic
      polymorphism is maintained if the heterozygote is superior in its degree of
      "heterogamous self-replication" to the degrees of "autogamous self-replication"
      of the corresponding homozygotes. It is derived with the help of fractional
      fitnesses, and it is pointed out that certain ratios of these may be more useful
      for finding evolutionary constants which govern the maintenance of genetic
      polymorphisms than are ratios of total fitnesses.

PMID- 3702472
TI  - Axiomatization of genetics. 1. Biological meaning.
AB  - Axiomatization is a trend in science to settle and reduce fundamental assertions,
      from which all the others are deducible. Classical genetics has been extensively
      axiomatized and formalized by Woodger (1952), who resorted to 53 axioms and 12
      theorems. The molecular settlement of modern genetics provides the basis for a
      different axiomatic theory. In this paper 3 axioms and 14 theorems are informally
      expressed. They cover a few elementary laws of "chromosome genetics" in
      Eukaryotes. The biological problems connected with the further development of
      this first attempt are discussed.

PMID- 3702473
TI  - Ontogenetic model of ageing and disease formation and mechanisms of natural
      selection.
AB  - It is known that increased mortality due to environmental hazards results, in the
      course of natural selection, in the shortening of maximum life span and
      acceleration of sexual maturation in a population subjected to an intensified
      pressure from external environment. As a consequence, the prereproductive
      period/maximum life span ratio appears to be approximately the same in each
      species. Mechanisms responsible for this are not clear yet. Since maximum life
      span is limited by both ageing and formation of certain diseases (in humans, the
      so-called main noninfectious diseases), the paper discusses four possible models
      of development of ageing and age-linked disease--ecological, genetic,
      degenerative (metabolic) and ontogenetic. It was found that it is the ontogenetic
      model only that can adequately account for the development of moderate shifts in
      the duration of both sexual maturation and maximum life span. It also provides
      the rationale for the pleotropic activity of genes during the development of the
      organism, its ageing and formation of age-connected diseases.

PMID- 3702474
TI  - The use of computed tomography in the evaluation of mediastinal masses.
AB  - A retrospective analysis was conducted to ascertain whether computed tomography
      had increased diagnostic accuracy while decreasing the number of tests needed in
      the preoperative assessment of patients with mediastinal masses. A total of 42
      patients were entered into the study: Fifteen patients were evaluated before the
      advent of computed tomography (No CT) and 27 patients had computed tomography
      during their evaluation (CT). The No CT group comprised 10 male and five female
      patients (2:1 ratio); the age range was 8 months to 61 years. The CT group
      included 15 male and 12 female patients (1.25:1.0 ratio), the age range being 21
      to 70 years. In each group, both invasive and noninvasive studies were done.
      Although the CT group had 40 noninvasive tests, 27 were computed tomographic
      scans. The additional 13 noninvasive tests and the five invasive tests added no
      significant diagnostic information. In the No CT group, preoperative evaluation
      as to the cystic or solid nature of the mass was correct only four of 13 times
      (31%). In the CT group, 22 of 25 patients had accurate assessment as to the
      cystic or solid nature of the lesions (88%). In addition, extension of the mass
      into other structures, consistent with malignancy, was correctly diagnosed
      preoperatively in nine of the patients in the CT group. Two had extension of the
      mass at operation not preoperatively diagnosed (82% accuracy). None of the No CT
      group was given an assessment of possible mass extension preoperatively. The
      results suggest that mediastinal masses can be evaluated by computed tomography
      with a high degree of accuracy for predicting the nature, size, location, and
      involvement of other organs by the mass. The use of other tests before resection
      generally yields little additional information.

PMID- 3702475
TI  - Costs and results of cardiac operations in infants less than 4 months old. Are
      they worthwhile?
AB  - From 1979 through 1983, 328 of 1,388 pediatric cardiac operations involved
      patients undergoing their first procedure at less than 4 months of age. Of these,
      220 patients had 265 nonductal procedures, and their case histories are reviewed
      for results and total hospital cost. Initial operative mortality was 20% (43
      patients). Infants with lower operative age and operative weight tended to have
      closed procedures. Mortality and cure were not related to gestational age, birth
      weight, age at operation, number of operations, or type of operation. Lower
      operative weight was associated with a greater mortality. Evaluated survivors
      (142 patients) were followed for a mean of 24 months. Fifteen percent (33
      patients) died during follow-up. Of survivors, 80% (114 patients) had optimized
      general health; a subset of 29% had normal cardiac function, and 17% were cured.
      Lower birth weight was associated with curable lesions and normalcy (p less than
      0.04). Longer preoperative hospital stay and lower weight at operation were
      associated with higher hospital cost (p less than 0.05). Hospital cost was not
      related to type of operation, gestational age, birth weight, age at operation,
      mortality, cure, or normalcy. Acquired neurologic dysfunction and long-term
      disability were uncommon. The mean hospital cost for surviving infants was
      +80,000 (1984 dollars). Effective hospital cost per survivor was +110,000.
      Mortality, cure, and normal function after cardiac operations in infants less
      than 4 months of age were not related to gestational age, birth weight, or age at
      operation. Mortality was higher in patients with a lower weight at operation.
      Separation into distinct fiscal cost groups is not reasonable in this series.
      Because most survivors are in normal or optimized cardiac health, intensive
      cardiovascular care in this population is justified.

PMID- 3702476
TI  - Bronchogenic carcinoma associated with upper aerodigestive cancers.
AB  - Of 1,450 patients with upper airway cancers, 189 (13%) had additional cancers.
      There were 60 cases in which lung cancer occurred after upper airway cancer and a
      single case in which it preceded upper airway cancer. The occurrence of upper
      airway plus lung cancer in 61 patients was referred to as multiple airway
      cancers. The overall incidence of multiple airway cancers was 4.1%, or 1:112
      patient-years at risk. The highest incidence of lung cancer was 1:70 patient
      years, and this was associated with laryngeal cancer. The mean diagnostic
      interval between upper airway and lung cancers was 6.1 (0 to 23) years, including
      nine cases (14.8%) in which the two were synchronous. Triple endoscopy revealed
      occult lung cancer only once. The use of mediastinoscopy (n = 9) and other
      surgical staging procedures (n = 9) was limited, because previous treatment of
      upper airway cancers made such procedures impractical and also because
      interpretation of findings would have been difficult. Past reports have indicated
      that lung cancer in association with upper airway cancer is almost invariably
      squamous cell and almost always develops in men. By contrast, among our 61
      patients, the incidence of adenocarcinomas was 24%, and 16 patients or 26% were
      women. Among patients whose records could be evaluated in this regard, symptoms
      were present in 27 of 55 (49%); the cancers were in Stage III at presentation in
      51%. Outcome was related to symptomatology and to lung cancer stage. The median
      survivals for symptomatic and asymptomatic patients were 6 and 25 months,
      respectively (p less than 0.001); the median survivals for patients with Stage I,
      II, and III lesions were 26, 9, and 6 months, respectively (p less than 0.05).
      Post-thoracotomy management after surgical-radiation therapy of upper airway
      cancers (n = 22) was inordinately challenging because of preexisting impairment
      of the upper airways. We have reached the following conclusions: Patients with
      upper airway cancer are at high risk for lung cancer of all cell types. When
      multiple airway cancers occur together, the prognosis is poor; nonetheless, cure
      of each cancer can be achieved if it is completely and adequately treated. When
      multiple airway cancers occur synchronously, the more life-threatening cancer
      should be treated first. When the option exists, the lung cancer should be
      treated before the upper airway cancer to avoid the impact of previous
      irradiation and/or surgical treatment of the upper airway cancer upon post
      thoracotomy management.

PMID- 3702477
TI  - Effect of small-amplitude electrical activity on myocardial preservation in the
      cold potassium-arrested heart.
AB  - Recent reports indicate that small-amplitude electrical activity may be present
      in the cold potassium-arrested heart. Twenty-four mongrel dogs were placed on
      cardiopulmonary bypass and cooled to a rectal temperature of 26 degrees C.
      Myocardial preservation was provided with a combination of systemic hypothermia
      26 degrees C. potassium (20 mEq/L) crystalloid cardioplegic solution (10 ml/kg)
      infused initially and every 30 minutes during 90 minutes of ischemic arrest, and
      topical hypothermia. Myocardial temperature was maintained between 8 degrees and
      10 degrees C. Electrical activity and transmural myocardial temperature were
      monitored with specially designed plunge electrodes. Left ventricular stroke work
      index, cardiac index, and maximum rate of rise of left ventricular pressure were
      measured before bypass and 45 minutes after ischemic arrest. Biopsy specimens
      were taken before bypass and at 15 and 45 minutes after ischemic arrest. The
      specimens were used to measure adenosine triphosphate and to analyze electron
      microscopic ultrastructure. Small-amplitude electrical activity was present in 16
      of 24 animals during cardioplegic arrest. Cardiac index decreased 18 ml/min/kg
      (not significant), left ventricular stroke work index fell by 0.28 +/- 0.1 gm
      m/beat/kg (p less than 0.007), and maximum rate of rise of left ventricular
      pressure decreased 409 mm Hg/sec (p less than 0.01) in the eight animals without
      small-amplitude electrical activity. Adenosine triphosphate concentration was
      unchanged and electron microscopic ultrastructure was well preserved. In
      contrast, small-amplitude electrical activity (16 animals) resulted in a decrease
      in cardiac index of 67 ml/min/kg (p less than 0.001), a decrease in left
      ventricular stroke work index of 0.79 +/- 0.8 gm-m/beat/kg (p less than 0.001),
      and a fall in maximum rate of rise of left ventricular pressure of 775 mm Hg/sec
      (p less than 0.001). Adenosine triphosphate concentration decreased from 25 to 21
      mumol/gm (p less than 0.04) and electron microscopic ultrastructure was poorly
      preserved (p less than 0.001). This study demonstrates that small-amplitude
      electrical activity in the cardioplegia-arrested heart at 10 degrees C impairs
      myocardial preservation.

PMID- 3702478
TI  - Long-term results after Fontan procedure and its modifications.
AB  - The Fontan procedure is an effective method of treatment for patients with
      tricuspid atresia, univentricular heart, and other complex lesions. Modifications
      of the Fontan procedure have been developed to treat various anatomic
      malformations. From 1975 to 1984, 31 patients (17 male and 14 female) have
      undergone 35 Fontan operations. The youngest patient was 4 and the oldest 26
      years of age (average 12.2 years). Sixteen patients had tricuspid atresia, and 15
      univentricular heart. Twenty-three patients had undergone 37 palliative
      operations before the Fontan procedure. The original Fontan procedure was
      performed in 10 patients until 1977, and there were three early deaths (30%).
      After that time, the operative technique was modified and the early mortality
      dropped to 12% (3/25 patients). A valved prosthetic conduit was used in 11
      patients (right atrium to pulmonary artery in five; right atrium to right
      ventricle in six), a valveless conduit in 14 patients (right atrium to pulmonary
      artery in nine; right atrium to right ventricle in five), and direct anastomosis
      (right atrium to pulmonary artery) in 10 patients. Postoperative cardiac
      catheterization was performed in 20 patients and revealed excellent results in
      15. The remaining five had reduced oxygen saturation; three of them had had a
      Glenn anastomosis 8 and 10 years before the Fontan procedure, and one had an
      anomaly of the coronary sinus with a shunt to the left atrium. This patient
      required reoperation. Three other patients underwent reoperation because of
      calcified stenotic and/or outgrown conduits. Postoperative mean right atrial
      pressure varied from 10 to 20 mm Hg. The hemodynamic ventricular parameters were
      within the normal range. We conclude that in patients with tricuspid atresia,
      univentricular heart, and other complex cardiac lesions, inactivating the right
      ventricular pump function by means of the Fontan procedure does not adversely
      affect the systemic ventricle. Although the response to exercise was abnormal,
      the clinical condition of these patients was good to excellent.

PMID- 3702479
TI  - Results of surgical treatment of coarctation of the aorta in the critically ill
      neonate. Including the influence of pulmonary artery banding.
AB  - During a 7 year period, 64 consecutive neonates (less than 30 days of age)
      underwent surgical repair of coarctation of the aorta. There were no
      intraoperative deaths, four (6%) postoperative deaths, and seven (12%) late
      deaths. Improvement in the survival rate in this study can be attributed to
      improved perioperative care, avoidance of hypothermia during the operation, use
      of prostaglandin E1 to stabilize the patient's condition before the operation,
      emergency cardiac catheterization and operations, adequate relief of the aortic
      obstruction, and appropriate use of pulmonary artery banding. The last of these
      factors may further reduce the mortality. Banding of the pulmonary artery in
      patients with complex cardiac lesions associated with a ventricular septal defect
      has significantly lowered the mortality compared with the mortality of those
      without pulmonary artery banding. In contrast, the absence of pulmonary artery
      banding in those with a large ventricular septal defect did not affect the
      mortality or postoperative ventilator requirements as compared to patients having
      banding and coarctation repair. One late death was related to complications of
      the pulmonary artery band.

PMID- 3702480
TI  - Recurrent obstruction after subclavian flap repair of coarctation of the aorta in
      infants. Can it be predicted or prevented?
AB  - Recoarctation is a problem in some patients after subclavian flap aortoplasty. To
      investigate the reason for recoarctation, we reviewed the records of 26 infants
      who underwent subclavian flap repair for symptomatic coarctation of the aorta at
      less than 3 months of age between June, 1979, and December, 1983. Age at repair
      ranged from 2 to 65 days (median 16 days) and weight from 2.1 to 4.9 kg (median
      3.4 kg). In 14 patients the coarctation was associated with significant
      intracardiac defects (complex in six). There were two intraoperative deaths and
      one early death (surgical mortality 12%). The survivors were followed from 6
      weeks to 66 months (median 12 months). Five survivors (22%), all operated on at
      less than 14 days of age, developed severe recoarctation 6 weeks to 6 months
      (median 5 months) after repair. The obstruction appeared to be due to lumen
      obliteration by shelf-life posterior wall tissue. Morphometric analysis of
      preoperative angiograms showed no correlation between recoarctation and distance
      between the left subclavian artery and the site of coarctation, length of the
      isthmus, diameter of the isthmus, combined cross-sectional area of the left
      subclavian artery and isthmus, or the ratio of the combined cross-sectional area
      of the left subclavian artery and isthmus to the cross-sectional area of the
      descending thoracic aorta. Recoarctation did not correlate with weight at
      operation, but it correlated significantly with age at aortoplasty (p = 0.02).
      The results suggest that intrinsic abnormalities of the periductal aortic wall
      are responsible for recoarctation after subclavian flap aortoplasty. Particular
      attention to this abnormal tissue at repair may prevent early recurrence in young
      infants.

PMID- 3702481
TI  - The Damus-Stansel-Kaye procedure. Should the aortic valve or subaortic valve
      region be closed?
AB  - Two patients (one with transposition of the great arteries and another with
      Taussig-Bing anomaly) underwent the Damus-Stansel-Kaye procedure (Group I).
      Significant aortic valve insufficiency developed postoperatively in both
      patients. In contrast, seven patients with a univentricular heart and subaortic
      stenosis from a variety of reasons underwent creation of an aortopulmonary window
      (Group II), a procedure very similar to the proximal main pulmonary artery-aortic
      root anastomosis of the Damus-Stansel-Kaye procedure. Aortic valve insufficiency
      had not developed after up to 7 years of follow-up in this group (average 43
      months). Postoperative angiograms suggest that aortic valve incompetence in Group
      I may have been caused by prolapse of the aortic valve. The valvular structures
      are subjected to high systolic pressures and face a dilated, low-pressure right
      ventricle. Aortic root distortion may have contributed, as well. In Group II
      patients, the aortic valve structures face a small, thick-walled chamber. The
      orientation of the aortic valve vis-a-vis the right ventricle changed
      postoperatively in Group I but not in Group II patients. Our experience suggests
      that the aortic valve or subaortic valve region should be closed at the initial
      repair in patients with low pulmonary vascular resistance who are undergoing the
      Damus-Stansel-Kaye procedure, to minimize the need for reoperation for aortic
      valve insufficiency.

PMID- 3702482
TI  - Late results of mitral valve replacement with the Bjork-Shiley prosthesis in
      children under 16 years of age.
AB  - The late results of isolated mitral valve replacement were evaluated in 37
      children under 16 years of age receiving a Bjork-Shiley prosthesis for the
      treatment of rheumatic mitral lesions. Three patients died, one during the
      operation and the others 2 months postoperatively. Of the latter two, one had a
      cerebral hemorrhage and the second had septicemia. The survivors were followed up
      for a mean of 4.7 years (range 2.8 to 8.9 years). After the operation, all
      patients were placed on a strict anticoagulant regimen with acenocoumarol. The
      actuarial survival rate was 92% at the end of the follow-up period. Before valve
      replacement two patients were in New York Heart Association Class I, 15 in Class
      II, 18 in Class III, and two in Class IV. After treatment 33 were in Class I and
      one in Class II. No instances of thromboembolism or infective endocarditis were
      observed in the survivors. Twenty-one patients underwent cardiac catheterization
      2 to 7 years after the operation for evaluation of surgical results. The mean
      pulmonary artery systolic pressure decreased significantly after operation (p =
      0.001), and the mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure decreased to normal values
      (p = 0.001). A mild mean diastolic gradient across the mitral valve at rest was
      found after the operation (4.9 +/- 2.4 mm Hg). During isometric exercise this
      gradient increased to 6.5 +/- 4.6 mm Hg. In two patients a discrete paravalvular
      leak was demonstrated by cineangiography, but the pulmonary wedge pressure was
      normal in both. The overall results with the Bjork-Shiley prosthesis are
      encouraging in patients in whom reconstructive operations cannot be performed.

PMID- 3702483
TI  - Increased production of peroxidation products associated with cardiac operations.
      Evidence for free radical generation.
AB  - We investigated the degree and time course of neutrophil sequestration into human
      lungs during cardiac operations. At the same time, measurement of the
      concentration of peroxidation products in the plasma was used as an index of
      oxidant free radical activity. The study was performed in two groups of patients.
      Group A (n = 11) had studies extending over the entire operative period and
      showed a highly significant sequestration of neutrophils into the lung, together
      with a highly significant (p less than 0.001) rise in peroxidation products from
      2.8 +/- 0.12 nmol/ml(mean +/- standard error of the mean)before bypass to a peak
      of 5.05 +/- 0.13 nmol/ml at the end of bypass. As these changes occurred only
      during the time after release of the aortic cross-clamp, we investigated this
      period in more detail in a second group of patients (Group B, n = 7). Results
      from this group showed that significant release of peroxidation products occurred
      at the same time as pulmonary neutrophil sequestration. This study has produced
      evidence of increased oxidant activity in the lung associated with cardiac
      operations. Nevertheless, it is not known whether the neutrophils sequestered
      into the lung alone induced the increased activity. Similarly, whether neutrophil
      derived oxidant species are the sole cause of lung tissue injury remains
      unproved.

PMID- 3702484
TI  - Endocardial excision versus encircling endocardial ventriculotomy. A comparison
      of effects on ventricular structure and function.
AB  - Although endocardial excision and encircling endocardial ventriculotomy are being
      performed in patients with extensive triple-vessel disease and compromised
      ventricular function, long-term effects of the operative intervention on
      structure and function of the left ventricle have not been determined. These
      procedures were performed in healthy dogs in three groups: control
      (ventriculotomy alone), endocardial excision, and encircling endocardial
      ventriculotomy (five dogs per group). Six weeks later, through a left
      thoracotomy, an arterial line, left atrial line, and Swan-Ganz catheter were
      inserted. Cardiac output measurements permitted calculation of left ventricular
      stroke work index, and gated nuclear ventriculograms permitted calculation of
      left ventricular volume indices. Myocardial performance (stroke work index/end
      diastolic volume index relation), systolic elastance (systolic blood pressure/end
      systolic volume index relation) and diastolic pressure-volume relationship (left
      atrial pressure/end-diastolic volume index relation) were determined from volume
      loading studies. In the endocardial excision group, the left atrial pressures
      were increased at similar end-diastolic volumes (p less than 0.05 by performance
      and systolic elastance were similar in the three groups. On completion of
      hemodynamic studies, the hearts were excised. Gross and light microscopic
      examination showed that the inner layer of myocardium was scarred in the area of
      intervention after both endocardial excision and encircling endocardial
      ventriculotomy. In neither group was there significant morphologic change
      elsewhere in the myocardium. Both endocardial excision and encircling endocardial
      ventriculotomy have little effect on long-term structure and function when
      performed in healthy canine hearts.

PMID- 3702485
TI  - Thoracic surgical implications of the yellow nail syndrome.
AB  - Idiopathic lymphedema associated with yellow discoloration of the nail beds
      constitutes the yellow nail syndrome. Pleural effusions and chronic sinusitis are
      also frequently present. This report describes a case of yellow nail syndrome in
      a 65-year-old woman.

PMID- 3702486
TI  - Lengths of different routes for esophageal replacement.
AB  - The lengths of the orthotopic, retrosternal, and subcutaneous routes for
      esophageal replacement were measured in 20 patients at autopsy. The subcutaneous
      route is 1.8 cm longer than the retrosternal route, which is 1.9 cm longer than
      the orthotopic route. The difference between the subcutaneous and the orthotopic
      route is 3.7 cm.

PMID- 3702487
TI  - Modified subclavian-pulmonary artery shunts.

PMID- 3702488
TI  - Treatment of pericardial effusion.

PMID- 3702489
TI  - Detection of depression and facilitation of quantal electromyographic responses
      in man.
AB  - Quantal EMG responses in human muscles and methods of evoking and recording them
      are described briefly. Techniques and statistical tests for the analysis of
      quantal H-reflexes are derived from probit analysis: to give a precise estimate
      of reflex threshold; to characterize the responding motoneurones; to assess
      threshold shift. With these techniques, the precision of the threshold estimate
      is usually better than +/- 2%. A probability profile and its associated
      cumulative sum chart are constructed from quantal response data to assess the
      latency and time course of conditioned changes in response probability. The
      application of these techniques is illustrated using recordings from recent
      experiments in man.

PMID- 3702490
TI  - A simple circuit for producing vertical arrays of analogue signals and dot raster
      displays of nerve and muscle action potentials.
AB  - It is often helpful to display analogue signals such as electromyograms,
      electroencephalograms, nerve action potentials, etc., in a regular vertical
      array. A special case of this display is the widely-used dot raster. This paper
      describes a simple circuit which enables up to 31 analogue signals to be thus
      displayed on an analogue storage oscilloscope screen or X-Y plotter. A
      modification permits up to 255 trials to be displayed. The same circuit produces
      a standard, dot raster display from standard pulses representing nerve or muscle
      cell action potentials.

PMID- 3702491
TI  - A miniaturized cryoprobe for functional neuronal blockade in freely moving
      animals.
AB  - We have developed a miniature cryoprobe for blockade of neuronal structures. The
      cryoprobe uses Freon as a cooling medium and consists of concentric double
      stainless steel cannulae, a shaft heater coil and a tip thermocouple. The
      cryoprobe tip temperature is controlled by adjusting Freon flow supplying the
      cryoprobe by an automobile fuel injector and electronic control circuit, and is
      displayed on a temperature monitor. Tissue temperatures, determined by
      thermocouples, ranged from 8.5 degrees C near the cryoprobe tip to 20 degrees C
      2.5 mm distal to the tip. The cryoprobe shaft is maintained at body temperature
      by means of a shaft heater coil and a heater control circuit. The cryoprobe
      offers advantages of ease of construction, and allows cooling of neuronal
      structures in freely moving animal preparations.

PMID- 3702492
TI  - Apolipoproteins and coronary artery disease.
AB  - In this study, we compared the relative utility of plasma levels of cholesterol,
      triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and apolipoproteins in
      identifying men with angiographically significant coronary artery disease in a
      combined sample of consecutive male patients undergoing coronary angiography (N =
      304) and healthy, normal male control subjects (N = 135). The plasma
      apolipoprotein levels were measured by using specific radioimmunoassays. We found
      that plasma levels of apolipoprotein A-I, followed by those of apolipoproteins A
      II and B, were better discriminators than plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, or
      HDL cholesterol levels for identifying those with coronary artery disease. In
      confirmation of previous findings, the presence of coronary artery disease
      resulted in lower levels of apolipoproteins A-I and A-II and HDL cholesterol and
      higher levels of apolipoprotein B, cholesterol, and triglycerides. Linear and
      quadratic discriminant function analysis demonstrated that by using the age of
      the patients and apolipoprotein A-I, A-II, and B levels, one could correctly
      classify patients either as being normal or as having angiographically
      significant coronary artery disease in more than 75% of the cases. Thus, plasma
      apolipoprotein levels (especially A-I and A-II) may be considerably better
      markers for coronary artery disease than traditional lipid determinations.

PMID- 3702493
TI  - Video x-ray progressive scanning: new technique for decreasing x-ray exposure
      without decreasing image quality during cardiac catheterization.
AB  - A newly developed video x-ray progressive scanning system improves image quality,
      decreases radiation exposure, and can be added to any pulsed fluoroscopic x-ray
      system using a video display without major system modifications. With use of
      progressive video scanning, the radiation entrance exposure rate measured with a
      vascular phantom was decreased by 32 to 53% in comparison with a conventional
      fluoroscopic x-ray system. In addition to this substantial decrease in radiation
      exposure, the quality of the image was improved because of less motion blur and
      artifact. Progressive video scanning has the potential for widespread application
      to all pulsed fluoroscopic x-ray systems. Use of this technique should make
      cardiac catheterization procedures and all other fluoroscopic procedures safer
      for the patient and the involved medical and paramedical staff.

PMID- 3702494
TI  - Colorectal polyps and the risk of subsequent carcinoma.
AB  - Of 323 patients with colorectal polyps that either were larger than 1 cm in
      diameter or were 1 cm or smaller but had been subjected to biopsy or excision, 20
      (6%) had subsequent development of a colorectal carcinoma, an incidence rate of
      4.6 per 1,000 person-years of follow-up. These 20 cases of cancer compared with
      7.38 cases expected; thus, the risk of colorectal carcinoma in these patients was
      2.7 times that in the general population (P less than 0.001). Although risks were
      greater for certain subgroups of patients, the differences detected were usually
      modest. We conclude that patients with large colorectal polyps (more than 1 cm in
      diameter) should be closely followed up after treatment of the initial polyp,
      regardless of the size, site, or histologic type of the polyp, the age or sex of
      the patient, or the type of initial treatment (excision or fulguration). Those
      patients with more than one polyp, especially if more than one segment of the
      colon is involved, need special attention. Examination of the entire colon is
      important because the site of development of carcinoma may be distant from the
      site of the initial polyp.

PMID- 3702495
TI  - Mass lesions of the liver.
AB  - Each of the six most common mass lesions of the liver may vary with respect to
      pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, natural history, usefulness of diagnostic
      tests, and the need for and value of surgical treatment. Despite these many
      variables, one broad generalization can be made: three lesions (cysts, cavernous
      hemangiomas, and focal nodular hyperplasia) usually are incidental findings that
      can be ignored, whereas three other tumors (adenomas, malignant hepatomas, and
      metastatic lesions) involve a threat to life that may be modified by surgical
      removal. This generalization, however, is not a guide to specific management
      because exceptions, atypical manifestations, diagnostic difficulties, and
      variations in the risks and limitations of surgical therapy are so common. The
      widespread use of new techniques for "imaging" has changed the responsibility of
      both the medical and the surgical hepatologist. Lessons of the past learned from
      the management of clinically evident symptomatic lesions have little usefulness
      in the management of small, "early," or indeterminate lesions. In these
      circumstances, physicians, surgeons, and radiologists must work in concert when a
      lesion is first found. Only then will clinically relevant tests be done that will
      ensure proper treatment of the patient.

PMID- 3702496
TI  - Fine-needle aspiration of the breast.
AB  - One of the numerous controversial issues related to the clinical management of
      breast cancer is the role of fine-needle aspiration (FNA). Despite its
      enthusiastic use in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules, its application to breast
      abnormalities has been accepted reluctantly. Breast FNA necessitates technical
      and interpretative skill and continual practice and is not 100% accurate. It also
      entails an additional, although moderate, expense. To assess the accuracy and
      determine the possible role of FNA at our institution, we performed both FNA and
      excisional biopsy in 100 unselected women with palpable breast nodules and
      correlated the cytologic and histologic findings. Our results were similar to
      those in previously published studies. FNA had a false-negative rate of 6%, no
      false-positive results, and an accuracy of 94%. After reviewing the potential
      assets and liabilities of this technique, we believe that breast FNA may add a
      measure of confidence in the diagnosis of benign breast lesions, provides a
      safeguard for preventing misdiagnosis of malignant lesions, and might expedite
      and reduce the cost of managing both primary and recurrent breast cancer.

PMID- 3702497
TI  - Soft-tissue coverage for the treatment of osteomyelitis of the lower part of the
      leg.
AB  - For treatment of chronic osteomyelitic wounds of the lower part of the leg, a
      three-stage approach is necessary: (1) adequate debridement of bone and soft
      tissue, (2) control of infection by open packing with frequent dressing changes
      and use of intravenously administered antibiotics, and (3) healthy soft-tissue
      coverage and obliteration of dead space. If the bone is unstable, it can be
      immobilized temporarily by means of external fixation. Bone grafting can be
      accomplished by use of conventional bone grafting after healing of the soft
      tissues, a vascularized bone graft, or open bone grafting. Soft-tissue coverage
      is provided by a local muscle flap or a free muscle flap. We prefer to cover the
      muscle with a skin graft. The muscle flaps described in this article obliterate
      dead space, provide soft-tissue coverage, act as a bed for skin grafts, and
      improve the vascularity of the wound.

PMID- 3702498
TI  - Trauma prophylaxis: every physician's responsibility.
AB  - Recognition of trauma as a major national health problem during the past 2
      decades has led to concerted efforts to combat the devastating consequences of
      accidental death and disability. Although many medical advancements in the care
      of injured patients have been achieved, trauma continues to take its toll.
      Unfortunately, little has been accomplished in actually reducing the incidence of
      traumatic events that lead to serious injury. In fact, many types of accidents
      are becoming more frequent. The time has come to begin treating trauma as any
      other disease process--that is, prevention is undoubtedly the best cure.
      Physicians are in a unique position to assume a leadership role in this regard.
      Armed with anecdotal experiences in the care of trauma victims and with factual,
      epidemiologic data, all physicians, regardless of specialty, should actively
      support legislation and changes in social values aimed at trauma prophylaxis.

PMID- 3702499
TI  - Cardiovascular risk--what should be measured?

PMID- 3702500
TI  - Thyroiditis mimicked by metastatic carcinoma to the thyroid.

PMID- 3702502
TI  - "Risk" factors affecting readmission of the elderly into the health care system.
AB  - One hundred one patients, 70 years and older, who were discharged to the
      community from an acute-care hospital were followed for 1 year to isolate risk
      factors affecting the probability of readmission. A total of five interviews were
      conducted with each patient. Postdischarge outcome at any point in time was
      defined as either readmission to a health care institution or continuous survival
      in the community. At 1 year, 47 individuals had experienced at least one
      unplanned readmission. Logistic regressions were used to study risk factors
      influencing the probability of readmission at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year after
      release from the hospital. In the short run, sex, being widowed, a weighted
      severity-of-illness factor, and life satisfaction were significant; previous
      hospitalization and admission and discharge location were additional variables
      significant in the long run. An explanation is offered for why some risk factors
      useful in postadmission studies do not function as well as risk factors in post
      discharge studies.

PMID- 3702501
TI  - Long-term adult use of ambulatory services provided by physicians in a Canadian
      medical care plan.
AB  - Utilization of physician services by initial subscribers to a Canadian consumer
      sponsored medical care plan was examined for the period 1965-1979. After
      stratification by sex and age, 1,046 individuals aged 18-44 years were sampled
      and their records abstracted to yield the annual number of in-plan physician
      visits. The most frequently attending 10% of patients generated almost 30% of all
      visits. Moreover, those who initially made most frequent use of physician
      services persisted in doing so over the 15-year period. Utilization patterns
      differed between the sexes. Women, with a median of 40 visits, made more frequent
      use of services than men, with a median of 27 visits. Among men, the group that
      was oldest at enrollment utilized services more heavily than their younger
      counterparts, and this increased relative utilization became more pronounced with
      time. Corresponding effects were not seen in women, even after adjustment for
      prenatal visits. Adjustment for prenatal visits also had only a minimal effect on
      the frequency and duration of nonattendance. Ascertainment of out-of-plan
      utilization indicated that for the most recent year of follow-up, 20% of the
      patients made at least one out-of-plan visit. Although this had little effect on
      patients' relative utilization status, it had a substantial effect on the
      identification of nonattenders.

PMID- 3702503
TI  - Predicting and understanding influenza vaccination behavior. Alternatives to the
      health belief model.
AB  - Recent reviews indicate that attempts to validate the Health Belief Model (HBM)
      have produced only modest support for it and that the HBM may be incomplete in
      its organization and development as an expectancy-value model. As an alternative,
      the Fishbein and Triandis models are discussed. The author investigated the
      utilities of the Fishbein and Triandis models as predictors of behavioral
      intention and behavior, using obtaining versus not obtaining an influenza
      vaccination as the health behavior. Eligible participants were patients at high
      risk for flu complications, registered at the Seattle VA Medical Center's Medical
      Comprehensive Care Unit (MCCU) clinic. A random sample of 439 patients was
      selected to participate in a two-wave longitudinal survey in which the Fishbein
      and Triandis model components were assessed at the beginning of the 1983 flu
      season, and a measure of flu shot-getting behavior was obtained at the end of the
      season. Both models accounted for significant and substantial proportions of
      variance in intentions and behavior. Comparisons of these models revealed that
      the three-component Triandis Intention model and the overall Triandis model were
      superior to the Fishbein model in predicting intention and behavior. The
      potential use of this model for developing interventions is discussed.

PMID- 3702504
TI  - Classifying function for health outcome and quality-of-life evaluation. Self-
      versus interviewer modes.
AB  - Validity assessment and the underreporting of dysfunction have been major
      problems in health-related quality-of-life measurement, including collecting data
      for analysis by the General Health Policy Model, using the Quality of Well-being
      scale (QWB). This analysis compares the results of self- versus interviewer modes
      of measurement and short, direct-answer questions versus probing algorithms in
      the QWB. The comparisons are made in terms of 1) correlations; 2) aggregate
      frequencies; 3) individual subject classifications; and 4) the actual state,
      established using evidence from multiple sources. Despite extremely high
      correlations between QWB scores from the two modes (greater than 0.98), the
      lowest interviewer mode sensitivity (0.86) and predictive value dysfunctional
      (0.91) were substantially superior to the highest self-classification
      characteristics (0.66 and 0.73). In the populations studied, specificities and
      predictive values functional were equivalent (greater than 0.94) for the two
      modes. The probe pattern of the interviewer mode was also less susceptible to
      false reports of dysfunction. These results are consistent with the
      underreporting of dysfunction noted by several major investigations of health
      status measurement. The authors conclude that interviewer-administered
      instruments using question algorithms are necessary if health-related quality of
      life is to be measured with sufficient reliability and validity to evaluate major
      clinical trials and follow-up studies.

PMID- 3702505
TI  - Aggressive or non-aggressive tumor therapy.

PMID- 3702506
TI  - The cold pressor test during radionuclide ventriculography: a feasibility study
      in cancer patients.
AB  - To monitor the use of cardiotoxic drugs, adequate assessment of myocardial
      function is required. Although serial radionuclide left ventricular ejection
      fraction (EF) studies allow a simple and rapid assessment of the myocardial
      function without risk or discomfort to the patient, they appear not to be
      sensitive enough. Determination of the EF during cold application may be more
      sensitive. In this study we tested the feasibility of the cold pressor test (CPT)
      in relation to EF determination in 23 cancer patients. Only minor side effects
      were recorded. The response of heart rate to cold was similar to the response
      reported in healthy volunteers and patients with coronary artery disease. In
      selected cases EF determination during CPT appeared to be more sensitive than EF
      at rest. EFCPT may be an attractive alternative for EFexercise in cancer patients
      who cannot perform enough exercise to stress cardiac function adequately, but for
      a more definite conclusion a prospective comparative study is required.

PMID- 3702507
TI  - Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of N4-behenoyl-1-beta-D
      arabinofuranosylcytosine.
AB  - A phase I study of N4-behenoyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (BHAC) was
      conducted in 66 patients, 41 with solid tumors and 25 with hematological
      malignancies. The patients received either a 2-h single intravenous (i.v.) drip
      infusion (Schedule 1) or consecutive daily 2-h i.v. infusions (Schedule 2). In
      Schedule 1 the daily dose was initiated with 1.5 mg kg-1 which was escalated up
      to 7 mg kg-1. Side-effects were mild, and included nausea, vomiting, epilation,
      and hot flushes. Because of the presence of the solvent vehicle, HCO-60 and in
      consideration of the mechanism of action of BHAC, the dose escalation was stopped
      at 7 mg kg-1. In Schedule 2, the daily dose was started with 1.5 mg kg-1 which
      was escalated up to 8 mg kg-1 and given for 2-16 days. Myelosuppression was found
      to be dose-limiting toxicity. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) in patients with
      non-hematological solid tumors was assumed to be 5 mg kg-1 daily X 5 days. The
      plasma disappearance curve of BHAC looked biphasic, and when 4 mg kg-1 of BHAC
      were administered the half-lives of the initial phase (t1/2 alpha) and the second
      phase (t1/2 beta) were calculated as 0.798 and 5.76 h respectively. In Schedule 2
      complete remission was observed in 5 out of 21 patients with acute leukemia, one
      partial remission in Hodgkin's disease, and one 1-B response (Karnofsky) in
      thyroid papillary adenocarcinoma.

PMID- 3702508
TI  - TNO-6 has no effect in gastrointestinal cancer: N-acetyl-glucosaminidase shows
      renal damage.
AB  - Twenty-five patients, 16 with gastric cancer and nine with colonic cancer,
      received TNO-6 30 mg m-2 every four weeks. No objective tumour response was
      recorded. Nausea and vomiting occurred in 21 patients and was severe in 17.
      Severe marrow suppression developed in five patients. Renal function was
      unaffected in all but one patient who developed renal failure, probably as a
      result of septicaemia. However, the renal tubular enzyme N-acetyl-beta-D
      glucosaminidase was measured in six patients and showed a rise in all. In this
      study TNO-6 had no anti-tumour activity in gastrointestinal malignancy, but
      produced significant renal tubular damage.

PMID- 3702509
TI  - Effects of retinoids on in vitro differentiation of bone marrow cells in the
      myelodysplastic syndrome.
AB  - The effect of retinoids on cell differentiation in the myelodysplastic syndrome
      was studied in short-term liquid cultures of bone marrow from 13 patients. After
      incubation with 13-cis-retinoic acid there was a significant decrease in the
      percentages of promyelocytes and in Leu-M3-binding cells. Lue-M3 is mainly a
      monocyte marker, and retinoids thus seem to induce a shift from monocytoid to
      myeloid differentiation. Patients with refractory anemia with an excess of blasts
      responded the most, and did also show a significant decrease in OKIa1-binding
      cells. Etretinate, on the other hand, did not show any differentiation-inducing
      activity. The results support earlier reports that retinoic acid might be useful
      in the treatment of the myelodysplastic syndrome. Whether this in vitro technique
      offers a possibility to predict the clinical outcome remains to be shown.

PMID- 3702510
TI  - A proposal regarding the reporting of post-remission induction therapies in acute
      nonlymphocytic leukemia.

PMID- 3702511
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies from mice bearing human colorectal carcinoma xenografts.
AB  - We have examined the serological response in immunosuppressed mice bearing
      xenografts of the human colorectal carcinoma line HT29. The sera of such animals
      contain antibodies which bind to HT29 cell membrane components. This antibody
      activity was not completely absorbed by either human lymphocytes or red blood
      cells suggesting that at least part of this activity is directed against tumour
      associated antigens. By fusing the spleens from tumour-bearing animals to an
      established myeloma line we were able to produce 34 monoclonal antibodies which
      bound to HT29 cells. The specificity of these antibodies in binding assays
      against membrane preparations from a variety of normal and malignant tissues and
      cell lines was determined. Twenty-seven bound to components present on both
      normal and malignant human cell membranes; 4 to tumour membranes only, whilst 3
      bound specifically to membranes prepared from colorectal carcinoma tissue or cell
      lines. Thus despite immunosuppression the xenograft-bearing mouse was able to
      recognise a number of antigens present on the tumour surface.

PMID- 3702512
TI  - [Etiological review of 241 cases of the hypersomnia-periodic respiration
      syndrome].

PMID- 3702513
TI  - [Primary health care in the rural environment: comparison with the urban
      environment].

PMID- 3702514
TI  - [Cold thyroid nodule: criteria for malignancy apropos of 382 cases].

PMID- 3702515
TI  - [Sleep apnea syndromes].

PMID- 3702516
TI  - [Inflammatory cancer of the breast. Study of 4 cases in prolonged remission].

PMID- 3702517
TI  - [Acute myocardial infarct of embolic origin in a patient with mitral
      valvulopathy].

PMID- 3702518
TI  - [Impotence caused by hydrochlorothiazide].

PMID- 3702519
TI  - [Indigenous malaria: yes, but...].

PMID- 3702520
TI  - [Non-lineal kinetic behavior of theophylline. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 3702521
TI  - [Bacteremia in 6 Spanish hospitals].

PMID- 3702522
TI  - [Granulocytosis induced by lithium. Possible clinical applications].

PMID- 3702523
TI  - [What does it mean to have a blood infection?].

PMID- 3702524
TI  - [Extramedullary plasmacytoma of retroperitoneal localization].

PMID- 3702525
TI  - [Self-limiting hepatic and febrile manifestation of Q fever].

PMID- 3702526
TI  - [Idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. Analysis of a series of 30 cases].

PMID- 3702527
TI  - [A study of meteorotropism in diseases and birth rate].

PMID- 3702528
TI  - [Blood theophylline in patients treated with intravenous aminophylline].

PMID- 3702529
TI  - [How do we use theophyllines?].

PMID- 3702530
TI  - [Ascites of pancreatic origin].

PMID- 3702532
TI  - [Capillaroscopy].

PMID- 3702531
TI  - [Pancreatic ascites. Study of 3 cases and review of the literature].

PMID- 3702533
TI  - [A 52-year-old woman with subcutaneous nodules in the left arm and intracranial
      tumors].

PMID- 3702534
TI  - [Neurological involvement in Still's disease in the adult].

PMID- 3702535
TI  - [Etiology of non-hospital pneumonias].

PMID- 3702536
TI  - [Hypermineralocorticism syndromes caused by the topical use of steroids].

PMID- 3702537
TI  - [Anasarca as the form of presentation of exogenous hypermineralocorticism caused
      by 9 alpha-fluoroprednisolone].

PMID- 3702538
TI  - [Sarcoidosis of the salivary glands, oropharynx and nasal mucosa].

PMID- 3702539
TI  - [Primary extra-lymph node lymphoma of the adrenal glands].

PMID- 3702540
TI  - Proceedings of a Symposium on Current Problems in Testing and Evaluation of
      Experimental and Clinical Effects of Immunomodulators. May 12-14, 1985.

PMID- 3702541
TI  - Antitumor activity on line 10 hepatoma in strain 2 guinea pigs and pharmaceutical
      properties of quinonyl-MDP preparations.
AB  - The pharmaceutical properties of quinonyl-MDP-66 were discussed with special
      reference to the stability of oil-in-water emulsion, distribution capacity into
      regional lymph nodes and tumor regressive activity. The oil-in-water emulsion of
      quinonyl-MDP-66, which was prepared by treatment of quinonyl-MDP-66 with squalane
      (25 x) and emulsified with aqueous solution of 5% HCO-60 and 5.6% d-mannitol, was
      kept in lyophylized state and used after reconstitution by the addition of water
      before use. The reconstituted suspension of quinonyl-MDP-66 in oil-in-water
      emulsion was stable for more than 24 hrs. The oil-in-water emulsion of quinonyl
      MDP-66 as prepared above was effective for the distribution of quinonyl-MDP-66
      into regional lymph node in rats and for the regression of line 10 hepatoma in
      strain 2 guinea pigs by intralesional injection.

PMID- 3702542
TI  - Enhancement of serum antibody production in mice by oral administration of
      lipophilic derivatives of muramylpeptides and bacterial lipopolysaccharides with
      bovine serum albumin.
AB  - Lipophilic derivatives of muramylpeptides, namely N alpha-(N-acetylmuramyl-L
      alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl)-N epsilon-stearoyl-L-lysine [MDP-Lys (L18)] and 6-O-(2
      tetradecylhexadecanoyl)-MDP (B30-MDP), were demonstrated to significantly enhance
      anti-bovine serum albumin (BSA) antibody production when they were incorporated
      in liposomes with BSA and administered by gastric intubation to BALB/c mice on
      days 0 and 1 (the primary immunization) and on days 27 and 28 (booster). N
      acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP) itself showed negligible activity
      under the same experimental conditions. A stearoyl derivative of sodium beta-N
      acetylglucosaminyl-(1-4)-N-acetylmuramyl- L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-(L)
      stearoyl(D)-meso-diaminopimelic acid-(D)-amide-D-alanine (GM-53) that was
      isolated by enzymatic degradation of L. plantarum cell wall peptidoglycans showed
      a powerful adjuvant effect by oral administration in liposomes with BSA. Similar
      or stronger adjuvant effects were observed by oral administration of LPS
      preparations, KO3 LPS isolated from K. pneumoniae (a noncapsulated mutant, LEN
      1), Bacto lipopolysaccharide W derived from E. coli (O127:B8) and BIOSTIM F1
      fraction derived from K. pneumoniae (O1:K2). Liposomes as a vehicle for oral
      administration were not always required for the manifestation of the adjuvant
      effects of MDP-Lys (L18) and BIOSTIM F1. These compounds, but not B30-MDP, showed
      a powerful adjuvant effect when orally administered with BSA in phosphate
      buffered saline.

PMID- 3702543
TI  - Symposium on current problems in testing and evaluation of experimental and
      clinical effects of immunomodulators.

PMID- 3702544
TI  - [Self-fixed endoprosthesis for biliary tract drainage without surgery].

PMID- 3702545
TI  - [Coronary artery spasm causing 2 heart infarcts in a patient. Angiographic
      examination verifying the case].

PMID- 3702547
TI  - [Postpartum retroperitoneal abscess. A complication of pudendal anesthesia?].

PMID- 3702546
TI  - [Glomerulonephritis and organic solvents].

PMID- 3702548
TI  - [Vaccination against rubella in Sweden--a follow-up].

PMID- 3702549
TI  - [Ink aerosol allergy from ink-jet recorders--2 persons getting asthmatic
      disorders associated with ECG recording].

PMID- 3702550
TI  - [Decreased length of stay for pregnant diabetics as the result of the special
      diabetic midwife].

PMID- 3702551
TI  - [The couvade syndrome--pregnancy disorder in the father-to-be].

PMID- 3702552
TI  - [An inventory of alcohol drinking habits--a new questionnaire for the
      differential diagnosis of alcoholism].

PMID- 3702553
TI  - [Diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage--lumbar puncture or computerized
      tomography?].

PMID- 3702554
TI  - [A literature review. Breast-saving treatment gives psychosocial advantages-
      personal knowledge or pure belief?].

PMID- 3702555
TI  - [The first fatal Swedish case report of dog bite contaminated by a new
      bacterium].

PMID- 3702556
TI  - [Calcium carbimide together with light wine as the cause of heart infarction].

PMID- 3702557
TI  - [Percutaneous estrogen treatment instead of oral treatment--a alternative in
      preventing side effects?].

PMID- 3702558
TI  - [An unusual case of orbital abscess caused by penetration by a car radio
      antenna].

PMID- 3702559
TI  - [Patients with hemarthrosis should always be followed-up at orthopedic clinics].

PMID- 3702560
TI  - [Injuries to car occupants caused by collisions with elks].

PMID- 3702561
TI  - [Control of tuberculosis in Sweden--a suggestion].

PMID- 3702562
TI  - Sphenoethmoidectomy: the case for ethmoid marsupialization.
AB  - The authors report 510 sphenoethmoidectomies performed on 255 patients between
      1969 and 1985. An overall polyp recurrence rate of 19.2% and less than a 1%
      complication rate are reported during that time. In patients followed jointly by
      the otolaryngologists and allergist, including 374 consecutive
      sphenoethmoidectomies on 187 patients who had this operation performed by the
      senior author, there was an overall polyp recurrence rate of 15% and a
      complication rate which was again less than 1%. Recent improvements in recurrence
      rates and diminished complication rates are attributed to better visualization
      and adherence to the concept of complete exenteration or marsupialization of the
      ethmoid labyrinth including middle turbinate resection in every case. Cooperation
      between the otolaryngologist and allergist is stressed, along with the
      realization that pulmonary and sinus diseases are frequently interrelated and may
      both be benefited by the performance of sphenoethmoidectomy in the patient with
      hyperplastic rhinosinusitis.

PMID- 3702563
TI  - Manifestations of Pott's disease in the head and neck.
AB  - Tuberculosis (TB) of the spine, or Pott's disease, is a rarely encountered
      clinical disorder in the United States today. However, Pott's disease should be
      strongly suspected in a person who presents with a destructive lesion of the
      spine involving adjacent vertebrae or a retropharyngeal mass which extends across
      the midline. The most common presenting signs and symptoms are pain and spinal
      deformity. The PPD skin test is usually positive, but unlike TB of the larynx,
      the chest roentgenogram is almost always negative. Diagnosis may be confirmed by
      needle aspiration or incisional biopsy and culture. The otolaryngologic
      literature has not previously addressed this clinical entity, thus, our
      experience with a patient with a retropharyngeal mass and quadriplegia diagnosed
      as Pott's disease will be presented. Subsequent medical therapy, stabilization,
      and odontoidectomy resulted in resolution of his neurological deficit. The
      incidence, pathogenesis, clinical features, and management of Pott's disease will
      be discussed.

PMID- 3702564
TI  - Predictive value of laboratory tests in "autoimmune" inner ear disease:
      preliminary report.
AB  - The purpose of this prospective, controlled study was to estimate the prevalence
      of immune-mediated (autoimmune) inner ear disease in a high-risk patient
      population, in order to determine the predictive value of a positive lymphocyte
      transformation test. The high-risk group was defined as any dizzy patient with
      unilateral or bilateral-asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss, who had not
      previously received immunotherapy. From more than 400 consecutive patients with a
      chief complaint of dizziness, 58 were entered into the study over an 8-month
      period. The control group consisted of 15 normal volunteers. Thirteen patients
      (22%) one control (7%) had positive lymphocyte transformation tests. The data
      suggest that positive results in "high-risk" patients are more common than
      previously believed. Assuming test sensitivity is 96%, specificity 93%, and
      disease prevalence 22% in high-risk patients, the predictive value of a positive
      lymphocyte transformation test using inner ear membranes is 79%. That is,
      approximately three fourths of all positive results are true positives. Positive
      results in suspected patients, therefore, should be considered true positives,
      and treatment recommended. Future research should attempt to refine the putative
      antigen(s), further define "high risk" patients, and prospectively verify these
      preliminary results.

PMID- 3702565
TI  - Pulmonary edema and acute upper airway obstruction.
AB  - Pulmonary edema following the relief of acute upper airway obstruction is unusual
      and unpredictable. The cause is usually attributed to pulmonary and hemodynamic
      changes resulting from high negative intrathoracic pressures during obstructed
      respiration. The incidence of this problem is not known. Why pulmonary edema
      develops in only certain patients is also unclear. We reviewed the records of 27
      consecutive adult patients admitted and treated for acute upper airway
      obstruction. Three of 27 (11%) developed pulmonary edema. Age, sex, diagnosis,
      duration of obstruction, history of cardiopulmonary disease, and perioperative
      fluid administration were evaluated. No differences were noted between those who
      did and those who did not develop pulmonary edema. Pulmonary edema following
      acute upper airway obstruction appears to be more common than is generally
      appreciated, however, no specific factors seem related to its occurrence.

PMID- 3702566
TI  - Tracheotomy in infants and young children: the changing perspective 1970-1985.
AB  - One hundred fifty-three children 3 years of age or younger who had tracheotomies
      performed during the past 15 years are reviewed. During this time, short-term
      endotracheal intubation for airway obstruction from acute infections and long
      term intubation for patients on ventilators have replaced early tracheotomy for
      these conditions. The number of tracheotomies decreased during each of three 5
      year periods, from 73 to 55 to 25, respectively. Improvements in medical
      management resulted in prolonged survival of children with multiple abnormalities
      and resulted in more prolonged tracheotomies. Early complications occurred in 12%
      of patients and late complications occurred in 26%. In spite of changes in the
      indications, basic fundamentals of pediatric tracheotomy management remain
      unchanged.

PMID- 3702567
TI  - Composite hyoid-sternohyoid interposition graft revisited: UCLA experience 1974
      1984.
AB  - The surgical correction of severe laryngotracheal stenosis remains a challenging
      problem. We report on a series of 20 patients treated with the composite hyoid
      sternohyoid interposition graft (HSIG). They range in age from 1 to 66 years and
      all had severe subglottic stenosis refractory to dilatation and stenting
      procedures. The major cause of stenosis was prolonged endotracheal intubation
      (16/20); the majority of patients (13/20) had severe medical illness complicating
      their airway management. Postoperative results were judged on the basis of
      decannulation, voice strength, and quality as well as activity tolerance. Follow
      up periods were over 24 months in all cases. Twelve patients were decannulated
      and three keep their tracheotomy tubes permanently plugged. All have socially
      acceptable voices and good activity tolerance. Seven patients who were aphonic
      had voice improvement. There were three complete failures; one secondary to
      infection, one due to severe scleroderma, and one because of graft displacement.
      Each patient underwent an average of four postoperative endoscopies for airway
      evaluation and removal of granulation tissue. CAT scanning was useful in
      diagnosing postoperative problems, especially graft displacement, which was
      impossible to diagnose by endoscopic examination. We conclude that the composite
      hyoid-sternohyoid interposition graft is a useful and reliable tool in the
      treatment of subglottic stenosis.

PMID- 3702568
TI  - Otogenic pneumocephalus.
AB  - Fifty-four previously reported cases of otogenic pneumocephalus were analyzed in
      addition to five new cases which are presented in detail. Forty-one males and 18
      females were included with 95% of the patients being over 12 years of age. The
      most common presenting symptom was headache, and the ventricular system was the
      intracranial space most commonly involved. Tension pneumocephalus was present in
      40 (66%) cases. Trauma (36%) was the most common etiologic factor, while otitis
      media (30%), otologic surgery (30%), and congenital defects (2%) accounted for
      the rest. The overall mortality was 12% with all patients succumbing to causes
      other than pneumocephalus. Because of its lack of specific symptoms,
      pneumocephalus was usually unsuspected and the diagnosis made only after
      radiographic evaluation. Despite its rarity, pneumocephalus has to be considered
      whenever the dura is violated, especially if associated with a CSF leak.
      Management depends on the degree of tension, symptomatology, and underlying
      cause. When associated with trauma or surgery, bedrest and close monitoring may
      suffice, although needle aspiration or re-exploration may be needed. When
      secondary to otitis media or a congenital defect, control of any infection and
      repair of the defect are mandatory.

PMID- 3702569
TI  - Acoustical analysis of the underlying voice differences between two groups of
      professional singers: opera and country and western.
AB  - An acoustical analysis of the speaking and singing voices of two types of
      professional singers was conducted. The vowels /i/, /a/, and /o/ were spoken and
      sung ten times each by seven opera and seven country and western singers. Vowel
      spectra were derived by computer software techniques allowing quantitative
      assessment of formant structure (F1-F4), relative amplitude of resonance peaks
      (F1-F4), fundamental frequency, and harmonic high frequency energy. Formant
      analysis was the most effective parameter differentiating the two groups. Only
      opera singers lowered their fourth formant creating a wide-band resonance area
      (approximately 2,800 Hz) corresponding to the well-known "singing formant."
      Country and western singers revealed similar resonatory voice characteristics for
      both spoken and sung output. These results implicate faulty vocal technique in
      country and western singers as a contributory reason for vocal abuse/fatigue.

PMID- 3702570
TI  - Adolescent versus adult thyroid carcinoma.
AB  - Several significant differences exist between adolescent and adult thyroid
      carcinoma. The incidence of malignancy in nodular goiter is higher in children
      than it is in adults. Thyroid cancer in childhood and adolescence has a slightly
      lower predilection for female than for male subjects, as compared to adult
      patients. The younger patients have a predominance of well-differentiated
      carcinomas which are more likely to be papillary. The lesions in the young age
      group tend to be more advanced locally and systemically at the time of diagnosis,
      but are associated with a much better prognosis. Previous irradiation to the head
      and neck is considered to be an important pathogenetic factor of thyroid
      carcinoma in children as well as in adults. The epidemiological, clinical,
      pathological, and surgical findings in eight patients with thyroid carcinoma
      younger than 20 years compared to the findings in 96 patients with the same
      disease older than 20 years are reported.

PMID- 3702571
TI  - Pseudotumor of the pterygomaxillary space presenting as anesthesia of the
      mandibular nerve.
AB  - Pseudotumor is a term used to describe a space occupying inflammatory lesion
      which mimics a true neoplastic process in its clinical presentation. In this
      paper, we report a pseudotumor of the pterygomaxillary space that presented with
      anesthesia and paralysis of the mandibular nerve. The importance of this case is
      to call attention to pseudotumors as a clinical entity and to document a case of
      an extraordinarily aggressive variant that required a surgical approach usually
      reserved for malignant tumors.

PMID- 3702572
TI  - Reconstruction of the anterior oral cavity using the platysma myocutaneous island
      flap.
AB  - The platysma myocutaneous island flap has demonstrated high versatility and
      reliability when used to close defects in the oral cavity in a series of ten
      patients. The surgical technique for this one-stage reconstructive procedure is
      described. The advantages and disadvantages of this flap, the results, and
      complications are discussed.

PMID- 3702573
TI  - Clinical implications of orbital cellulitis.
AB  - Periorbital and orbital cellulitis are clearly two distinct disorders with
      different etiologies. Periorbital cellulitis is well-documented as a more common
      infectious process limited to the eyelids in the preseptal region. In contrast,
      orbital cellulitis represents a more severe, but less common, infection of the
      orbit posterior to the septum with or without subperiosteal abscess, orbital
      abscess, or cavernous sinus thrombosis. A retrospective review of the clinical
      and laboratory data of 137 cases of orbital and periorbital cellulitis was
      performed. Periorbital cellulitis was documented in 98 cases (71%), in contrast
      to orbital cellulitis which was noted in 39 (28%) patients. All patients with
      orbital cellulitis received intravenous antibiotics, however, surgical therapy
      was necessary for progression of orbital cellulitis in 49% of patients. The
      majority of patients underwent incision and drainage of an abscess in the orbit.
      Complications as a result of orbital cellulitis occurred in nine (23%) of the
      patients. A distinction is made between the clinical entity of periorbital
      cellulitis and orbital cellulitis. Separating these clinical entities on the
      basis of physical examination and radiographic studies is important because the
      medical and surgical management of these two disease processes is different.

PMID- 3702574
TI  - Template for frontal osteoplastic flap.

PMID- 3702575
TI  - Control of venous bleeding in otologic surgery.

PMID- 3702576
TI  - Clinical application of Botulinum A toxin to spastic disorders of the eye and the
      head and neck region.

PMID- 3702577
TI  - The effect of dapsone in high and normal dosage on the clinical and cell-mediated
      immune status of patients with borderline (BT-BL) leprosy.

PMID- 3702578
TI  - A study of drug interactions in leprosy--1. Effect of simultaneous administration
      of prothionamide on metabolic disposition of rifampicin and dapsone.

PMID- 3702579
TI  - A method to determine pressure distribution of the hand.

PMID- 3702580
TI  - Adhesive zinc tape treatment of uncomplicated ulcers amongst leprosy outpatients.

PMID- 3702581
TI  - Dapsone syndrome occurring in two brothers.

PMID- 3702582
TI  - Fatal dapsone agranulocytosis in a Melanesian.

PMID- 3702583
TI  - Oily injections of dapsone; an acceptable form of treatment?

PMID- 3702584
TI  - Response to lepromin unaltered by application of zinc to the skin in lepromatous
      leprosy patients.

PMID- 3702585
TI  - Supplies of thalidomide for use in leprosy.

PMID- 3702586
TI  - Failure of specific antigen presentation in lepromatous leprosy.

PMID- 3702587
TI  - Lipid peroxidation in cataract of the human.
AB  - Lipid peroxidation was investigated as one of the possible mechanisms of
      cataractogenesis in the human. Malondialdehyde (MDA), a major breakdown product
      of lipid peroxides, was significantly higher in cataractous lenses as compared to
      that in normal lenses. 2-Thiobarbituric acid-reactive material, isolated from
      cortical cataracts and purified by Sephadex G-10 column chromatography, was
      identified as MDA. In cataractous lenses the enzymic defenses against reactive
      species of O2 were impaired as evidenced by the significant decrease in
      activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Hydrogen
      peroxide in aqueous humor and vitreous humor of human eyes associated with
      cataract was increased 2-3 fold. It is possible that carbonyl groups of MDA could
      interact with primary amino groups of proteins and phospholipids of lenticular
      plasmalemmae by a cross-linking reaction forming Schiff-base conjugates and these
      mechanisms might be involved in the pathogenesis of cataract.

PMID- 3702588
TI  - Diurnal variations in plasma arginine vasotocin (AVT) concentrations in the ovine
      fetus.
AB  - Previously we have demonstrated the presence of AVT in the blood of fetal sheep.
      The source is not clear, but AVT has been identified in fetal pineal and
      pituitary glands. In view of the circadian secretory pattern of the pineal gland,
      we questioned whether fetal plasma AVT levels might vary diurnally. Plasma
      samples from five chronically catheterized ovine maternal ewes and fetal lambs
      129-135 days' gestation were obtained at 3-19 hourly intervals for 1-2 days (mean
      +/- S.E.M. = 35 +/- 6 hours. Plasma AVT levels were determined by
      radioimmunoassay. Results were analyzed by nonlinear curve fitting procedures to
      relate hormone levels with time of day. Plasma AVT values for maternal ewes did
      not vary during the day in response to light/dark periods. The curve for mean
      fetal plasma AVT plotted against time showed oscillations with a period of about
      25 hours (p less than 0.05). Peak fetal AVT levels were observed at 1600 hours
      and minimal levels at 0400 hours. These results indicate that ovine fetal AVT
      secretion varies diurnally. The site of AVT secretion may be the pineal gland;
      however, confirmation of this and identification of the physiological stimuli for
      secretion of fetal plasma AVT require further information.

PMID- 3702589
TI  - Biological activities of angiotensin II-(1-6)-hexapeptide and angiotensin II-(1
      7)-heptapeptide in man.
AB  - Biological activities of angiotensin II-(1-6)-hexapeptide [ANG-(1-6)] and
      angiotensin II-(1-7)-heptapeptide [ANG-(1-7)] were studied in 5 normal men and 3
      patients with Bartter's syndrome. The angiotensins were infused iv in each
      subject from 0900 h to 0915 h at a rate of 21 nmol(16.8 micrograms)/kg X min and
      18 nmol(16.2 micrograms)/kg X min for ANG-(1-6) and ANG-(1-7), respectively. In
      the normal men a significant rise in blood pressure was observed by the infusions
      of both peptides. Average increments of blood pressure for ANG-(1-6) were 17/14,
      23/18, 22/15 and 17/14 mmHg at 2, 5, 10 and 15 min, respectively, and those for
      ANG-(1-7) were 19/15, 20/17, 13/13 and 15/13 mmHg at 2, 5, 10 and 15 min,
      respectively. The duration of pressor actions after the cessation of the
      infusions (T) was 10 min for ANG-(1-6) and 20 (for systolic) and 30 (for
      diastolic) min for ANG-(1-7). T for ANG-(1-6) was shorter than and T for ANG-(1
      7) was similar to T for Ile5-angiotensin II (Ile5-ANG II) reported previously in
      7 normal men 5 of whom were the same as examined in the present study. On the
      other hand, both peptides did not cause a rise in blood pressure in the 3
      patients with Bartter's syndrome. Both angiotensins did not cause an increase in
      plasma aldosterone but did cause a significant decrease in plasma renin activity
      both in the normal men and in the patients. From these results and our previous
      observations of inactivity of angiotensin II-(5-8)-tetrapeptide, a pressor action
      of angiotensin II-(4-8)-pentapeptide, and pressor, renin-suppressing and
      steroidogenic actions of angiotensin II-(3-8)-hexapeptide in normal men, it is
      thought that ANG-(1-6) and ANG-(1-7) are bound to angiotensin II (ANG II)
      receptor in the peripheral arterioles and show pressor actions (less than 0.024%
      and less than 0.028% of Ile5-ANG II, respectively) and suppress renin mainly via
      short loop feedback and that the shortest biologically active ANG II molecules
      for pressor, renin-suppressing and steroidogenic actions are Tyr-Ile-His, Val-Tyr
      Ile-His and Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe, respectively, in man. It is also evident
      that ANG-(1-6) is more rapidly metabolized than ANG-(1-7) or Ile5-ANG II in man.

PMID- 3702590
TI  - Calcitonin secreting property of ipriflavone in the presence of estrogen.
AB  - Calcitonin secretion is influenced by estrogen. In the present study, basal and
      calcium-stimulated serum calcitonin levels were reduced in ovariectomized rats,
      and replacement estrogen administered for 3 weeks increased both calcitonin
      levels to those in intact rats. Ipriflavone, 7-isopropoxy-3-phenyl-4H-1
      benzopyran-4-one, alone did not influence either calcitonin level. However,
      ipriflavone and subeffective doses of estrogen administered simultaneously
      increased both levels; the increase depended upon the dose of ipriflavone.
      Furthermore, pretreatment with estrone resulted in greater calcitonin release in
      response to various doses of calcium and pretreatment with estrone and
      ipriflavone caused an even greater release. These findings indicate that
      ipriflavone increases the sensitivity of the thyroid gland to estrogen to secrete
      calcitonin in response to calcium.

PMID- 3702591
TI  - Alcohol and acetaldehyde in rat's milk following ethanol administration.
AB  - Alcohol and acetaldehyde were measured in milk and peripheral blood in chronic
      alcoholic rats, at 5 and 15 days of lactation. Ethanol in blood increased
      throughout lactation and the levels of acetaldehyde were much higher than in
      nonlactating alcoholic rats. The concentration of acetaldehyde in milk was always
      ca. 50% of that in blood, whereas that of ethanol varied within the range of 44
      80% of the blood levels. Blood alcohol levels in the corresponding sucking pups
      were much lower than in maternal blood and increased throughout lactation. The
      time course of ethanol and acetaldehyde concentration in blood and milk were
      determined in normal lactating rats after cyanamide (40 mg/kg) and ethanol
      administration (2 or 4 g/kg). Milk alcohol reached higher concentrations than in
      blood within the first hour of ethanol administration, decreasing and remaining
      constant thereafter at ca. 65% of those in blood. Acetaldehyde levels in milk
      were always 35-45% lower than in blood. No alcohol dehydrogenase activity was
      found in homogenates of mammary tissue; however there was some aldehyde
      dehydrogenase activity. A significant decrease in mammary tissue aldehyde
      dehydrogenase was found in chronic alcoholic rats. The role of this enzyme is
      discussed.

PMID- 3702592
TI  - Adrenal-mediated depression of N-acetyltransferase activity and melatonin levels
      in the rat pineal gland.
AB  - N-acetyltransferase (NAT) is believed to be the rate-limiting enzyme in the
      synthesis of melatonin from serotonin in the pineal gland. Norepinephrine
      released from sympathetic nerve endings within the pineal gland stimulates NAT
      activity and, therefore, melatonin synthesis. When an animal is subjected to a
      stressful stimulus, it would be expected that the increase in plasma stimulus, it
      would be expected that the increase in plasma catecholamines originating from the
      adrenal medulla and/or the sympathetic nervous system would result in a
      stimulation of pineal NAT activity. Adult male rats were given a 1.5cc injection
      of physiological saline subcutaneously into the back leg. Compared to non
      injected controls, animals stressed in this manner were shown to have
      significantly lower pineal melatonin content 10 min after the saline injection
      late in the light phase of the light/dark cycle (at 18.30 h-lights on at 07.00
      h). To test this more thoroughly, a time course study was conducted during the
      dark phase (at 02.00 h-5 hours after lights out) when pineal NAT activity and
      melatonin levels are either increasing or elevated. NAT activity and melatonin
      levels in the pineal were significantly depressed in stressed animals as compared
      to controls by 10 min after the saline injection, and remained so until 60 min
      after injection. By 90 min they had returned to control values. In the next study
      the nighttime response of the pineal to stress was compared in intact and
      adrenalectomized rats. Adrenalectomy prevented the changes in NAT activity and
      melatonin content associated with the saline injection. Some factor, such as a
      catecholamine or corticosterone from the adrenal, seems to be eliciting the
      response in the pineal to the saline injection. It is not known if the factor is
      acting centrally or directly on the pineal gland.

PMID- 3702593
TI  - Properties of a local anesthetic receptor in rat brain.
AB  - Saturable binding of local anesthetics in rat brain homogenates was demonstrated
      using (14C)-lidocaine and (3H)-bupivacaine. Saturation analyses revealed a single
      class of binding sites for lidocaine and bupivacaine. A series of drugs with
      local anesthetic properties inhibited this binding, while drugs without local
      anesthetic activity did not affect the specific binding. Specific binding of
      lidocaine and bupivacaine was maximal from pH 8 to 10; the pH versus binding
      profile was similar to that reported for local anesthetic blocking of peripheral
      nerve conduction. These characteristics suggest that binding of local anesthetics
      to this or similar sites mediates their pharmacological activity.

PMID- 3702594
TI  - Amphetamine withdrawal: a behavioral evaluation.
AB  - The effects of withdrawal from long-term amphetamine treatment of intracranial
      self-stimulation, forced swim-induced immobility, shuttle escape performance,
      acoustic startle and locomotor activity were evaluated. Mice implanted with
      stimulating electrodes in the lateral hypothalamus demonstrated stable and
      reliable rates of self-stimulation responding. After exposure to a chronic
      schedule of amphetamine treatment response rates were severely depressed. In
      addition to modifying intracranial self-stimulation responding, amphetamine
      withdrawal increased the duration of immobility in a forced-swim situation.
      Although chronic amphetamine exposure induced pronounced behavioral changes in
      the intracranial self-stimulation and forced swim tasks, drug withdrawal had
      little effect on shuttle escape performance, acoustic startle and locomotor
      activity. Based on these findings it was suggested that the development of post
      amphetamine depression in the self-stimulation and forced swim paradigms was not
      related to variations in motoric or arousal mechanisms resulting from amphetamine
      withdrawal, but rather involved drug-induced changes in motivational processes.

PMID- 3702595
TI  - Epithelial and mucosal preparations of canine proximal colon in ussing chambers:
      comparison of responses.
AB  - A novel epithelial preparation from proximal canine colon, devoid of its
      underlying muscularis mucosa, was studied in Ussing chambers and its responses to
      added agonists compared with those of a conventional full mucosal preparation. We
      assumed that the responses elicited from the former would reflect direct action
      of agonists on epithelial cells, and from the latter both direct and indirect
      effects mediated by functioning nerves in the attached submucosal plexus.
      Responses of the two preparations to tetrodotoxin, ouabain, scorpion venom, and
      field stimulation were different, the differences being explicable on the basis
      of functioning nerves in the mucosal preparation. Histamine stimulated both
      preparations; the increase in short-circuit current seen with the mucosal but not
      the epithelial preparation was inhibited by tetrodotoxin. Serotonin was a better
      stimulant of the epithelial preparation. Basal absorptions of both Na+ and Cl-
      were seen in both mucosa and epithelium, but net absorptions were significantly
      greater in the latter, suggesting tonic neuronal inhibition of absorption in the
      mucosa. These two preparations would prove useful in analysing direct and
      indirect effects of agonists on colonic transport.

PMID- 3702596
TI  - Neurons in the brain of fetal rhesus monkeys accumulate 3H-testosterone or its
      metabolites.
AB  - Autoradiography was used to map sites in the primate brain at which testosterone
      may have sexual differentiating actions on brain function and behavior during
      fetal development. Two female rhesus monkey fetuses were injected in utero on
      days 112 and 114 of gestation respectively with 3H-testosterone, and were killed
      30 and 60 minutes later. Thaw-mount autoradiography of the brains revealed the
      accumulation of radioactivity, representing 3H-testosterone or its metabolites,
      in neurons of the medial preoptic-anterior hypothalamic area, bed nucleus (n.) of
      the stria terminalis, ventromedial hypothalamic n., and corticomedial amygdala.
      Thus, it appears that steroid receptors are present in a circumscribed system in
      the brain of the primate fetus at this stage of development.

PMID- 3702597
TI  - Reversal of sulfamerazine inhibition of rat hepatic uroporphyrinogen synthesis by
      folic acid.
AB  - The ability of rat hepatic uroporphyrinogen cosynthase to direct formation of
      uroporphyrinogen III and the synthesis of uroporphyrinogen in vitro was impaired
      by sulfamerazine. Inhibition was reversed by the addition of folic acid.
      Administration of a single, oral dose (1 g/kg) of sulfamerazine to rats was
      associated with elevated levels of hepatic uroporphyrin I isomer. These results
      suggest that sulfonamides may interfere with the biosynthesis of uroporphyrinogen
      III.

PMID- 3702598
TI  - Are Alzheimer neurofibrillary tangles insoluble polymers?
AB  - The two methods currently available for the bulk isolation of Alzheimer tangles
      of paired helical filaments (PHF) are based on a brief treatment of a neuronal
      enriched preparation with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) (Method I) and on heating
      of whole brain homogenate with SDS and beta-mercaptoethanol (Method II). PHF were
      isolated from the same Alzheimer brain by these two methods, subjected to SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immuno-labelled with monoclonal antibodies
      to PHF after transferring from the gel to nitrocellulose paper. The PHF isolated
      by method I revealed the presence of 45 kilodalton to 62 kilodalton PHF
      polypeptides, whereas the PHF isolated by method II were excluded from the gel.
      However, PHF isolated by both methods were digested with proteinase-K, though the
      degradation of PHF of method I was considerably more rapid than that of PHF
      isolated by method II. These findings should establish that the solubility of PHF
      might depend on the methods employed for their isolation and that they might not
      be insoluble polymers of covalently crosslinked polypeptides which accumulate
      irreversibly in the brain of patients with Alzheimer disease.

PMID- 3702599
TI  - The concentration in brain of octopamine and tyramine after portal-systemic
      bypass in rats: neuroamine concentrations determined simultaneously by methane
      chemical ionization gas chromatography mass spectrometry.
AB  - The concentration in brain of both octopamine (OCT) and tyramine (TYR) was
      significantly increased in rats 8 weeks after portal-systemic bypass. This
      suggests that the increase in OCT is secondary to increased decarboxylation of
      tyrosine to TYR. However, the role these neuroamines, particularly OCT, play in
      the development of hepatic encephalopathy remains controversial.

PMID- 3702600
TI  - The effect of thioridazine on haloperidol induced behavioral hypersensitivity.
AB  - Behavioral Hypersensitivity (BH) to dopamine agonists occurs following chronic
      treatment with most neuroleptics including haloperidol. In the present study we
      observed that the concurrent administration of thioridazine and haloperidol
      prevented the development of BH. In contrast, another neuroleptic, fluphenazine,
      coadministered with haloperidol, potentiated the degree of BH relative to animals
      treated with haloperidol only. In rats already made hypersensitive by chronic
      treatment with haloperidol, a 4 week subsequent treatment with normal saline,
      thioridazine alone of thioridazine in combination with haloperidol, produced
      normal behavioral responsiveness. These results suggest that thioridazine
      prevents the development of BH and can reverse the expression of haloperidol
      induced BH.

PMID- 3702601
TI  - 3H-xylamine binds to presynaptic rat striatal membranes.
AB  - 3H-xylamine (3H-XYL), an irreversible catecholamine uptake inhibitor, was
      incubated with rat striatal synaptosomes, and the membrane fraction was examined
      by fluorography of a sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel. A number of
      peptides were labeled. To determine their location, the striatal dopaminergic
      presynaptic nerve terminals were destroyed by unilateral electrolytic lesions
      through the nigrostriatal fibers prior to 3H-XYL exposure. The 3H-XYL bound to
      membranes from lesioned striata was about 29% of that bound to control membranes,
      which is consistent with the 83% reduction in dopamine (DA) uptake and the 68%
      reduction in DA content in the lesioned tissue. The decrease in peptide-bound 3H
      XYL paralleled the decrease in DA content, with the exception of a 45% decrease
      in binding to a 45K peptide. These data show that 3H-XYL binding is predominantly
      localized in the dopaminergic presynaptic nerve terminals of the striatum.

PMID- 3702602
TI  - Aliphatic chain saturation and polar region influence amphiphile effects on
      sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium sequestration.
AB  - Calcium sequestration by skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles was
      enhanced by the addition of C18 saturated fatty acid to the reaction, while the
      cis-monounsaturated fatty acid and corresponding amine were potent inhibitors.
      The effects of these amphiphiles were found to depend on the degree of aliphatic
      chain saturation, the nature of the polar group, and the ratio of
      amphiphile:membrane phospholipid present in the reaction.

PMID- 3702603
TI  - Regional serotonin receptor studies: chronic methysergide treatment induces a
      selective and dose-dependent decrease in serotonin-2 receptors in mouse cerebral
      cortex.
AB  - Compared with the well described supersensitization responses of dopaminergic and
      beta-adrenergic receptors to pharmacologic antagonists and denervation, the
      regulation of serotonin-1 (S-1) and serotonin-2 (S-2) receptors is poorly
      understood. In an effort to modulate S-1 and S-2 receptors in mouse brain, male
      C57BL/6J mice were treated chronically with methysergide, a serotonin antagonist
      with nanomolar affinity for both S-1 and S-2 receptors. Methysergide treatment
      had no influence on the affinity or density of S-1 receptors as measured by
      binding of (3H)-5-HT in cerebral cortex, hippocampus or hypothalamus. In
      contrast, the S-2 receptor specific binding of (3H)-spiperone in the cerebral
      cortex decreased in a dose dependent fashion, a direction of change opposite to
      that usually seen in catecholamine pathways chronically exposed to antagonists.
      The effect was selective for the S-2 serotonergic receptor since the D-2
      dopaminergic receptor specific binding of (3H)-spiperone in the caudate nucleus
      was unaffected by drug treatment. These results suggest that either serotonin
      receptors respond atypically to chronic receptor blockade by antagonist or that
      in vivo, methysergide may have additional pre-synaptic effects on serotonin
      uptake or release.

PMID- 3702604
TI  - Endogenous opioids inhibit the in vitro release of endogenous dopamine
      preferentially in the neural lobe of the rat neurointermediate lobe.
AB  - The release of endogenous dopamine (DA) from the in vitro incubated combined
      neurointermediate lobe (NIL) or isolated neural lobe (NL) was studied. In the
      presence of the DA uptake inhibitor GBR 12921 (200 nM), electrical stimulation of
      the pituitary stalk caused an increase of the outflow of DA from the NIL in a
      frequency-dependent manner. Naloxone (1 microM) enhanced the DA release from the
      NIL evoked by electrical stimulation at 7 or 15 Hz by about 40%, but had no
      effect on DA release evoked by stimulation at 3 Hz. When the electrical
      stimulation was carried out at 15 Hz, the evoked DA release (expressed as
      fraction of the DA tissue content) from the NL amounted to only 15% of that from
      the combined NIL. Naloxone (1 microM) increased the evoked DA release from the
      isolated NL by 242%. Thus, the effect of naloxone on DA release from the combined
      NIL may be confined mainly to the NL. In conclusion, DA release from the NL is
      under inhibitory control of endogenous opioids released from the NL during
      stimulation at 7 or 15 Hz. Beta-Endorphin, known to be released spontaneously at
      a high rate from in vitro incubated NILs, appears to lack inhibitory effects on
      DA release from the NIL.

PMID- 3702605
TI  - Retention of radioactive substances in the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, and
      reproductive organs of male rats after 3H-melatonin administration.
AB  - Radioactive concentrations were determined in serum, lung, hypothalamus, anterior
      pituitary, testis, and accessory sex organs of adult male rats at 2, 20, 30 and
      60 min after intravenous 3H-melatonin administrations. The retention patterns of
      3H-melatonin and other radioactive substance (3H-non-melatonin) in these tissues
      were compared. The anterior pituitary demonstrated best tissue retention with
      highest concentration of 3H-melatonin. The testis and prostate gland accumulated
      3H-non-melatonin in an increasing manner from 2 to 60 min. The radioactive
      substances were also preferentially and progressively located in the nuclear
      fraction of the anterior pituitary, hypothalamus, testis, and prostate gland.
      This study leads to the following suggestions: the anterior pituitary is another
      target organ of melatonin; melatonin is converted into other active material
      which exerts its action in the testis and prostate gland; melatonin and its
      active derivative exert their action through the nuclei of their respective
      cells.

PMID- 3702606
TI  - A sensitive capillary GC assay for the determination of sparteine oxidation
      products in microsomal fractions of human liver.
AB  - A sensitive method for the assay of sparteine oxidase activity in vitro by
      microsomal fractions of human liver is described. The activity of sparteine
      oxidase was assessed by the formation of 2- and 5-dehydrosparteines, which were
      estimated by capillary gas chromatography with N2-FID detection. The limit of
      detection of the two metabolites, 2- and 5-dehydrosparteine, was 10 pmol (2.3 ng)
      per sample. Sparteine oxidase activity was linear with microsomal protein
      concentration ranging from 25 to 200 ug and with incubation times between 5 and
      60 minutes. Omission of NADPH on incubation under an atmosphere of carbon
      monoxide inhibited formation of both metabolites, thus indicating that
      aforementioned metabolites arise in reaction catalyzed by cytochrome P-450. In
      three liver samples from humans classified as extensive (EM) metabolizers the
      formation of 2- and 5-dehydrosparteines was observed, 2-dehydrosparteine being
      the major metabolite. In these samples sparteine oxidase activity was
      characterised by Vmax = 136 +/- 53 pmol/min/mg and Km = 44 +/- 12 microM for 2
      dehydrosparteine formation. For 5-dehydrosparteine formation the following values
      were obtained: Vmax = 57 +/- 18 pmol/min/mg and Km = 42 +/- 26 microM. In a liver
      sample from a poor metabolizer (PM) only the formation of 2-dehydrosparteine was
      detected with the method of analysis used. In this sample a great increase in Km
      (Km PM = 3033 microM) was noted, while Vmax was very similar to those obtained
      for 2-dehydrosparteine formation in EM subjects (Vmax PM = 147 pmol min/mg).

PMID- 3702607
TI  - Learning is improved by a soybean oil diet in rats.
AB  - A semi-synthetic diet containing 20% polyunsaturated fat (soybean) oil was fed to
      young male hooded rats for 21 days. These animals exhibited improved performance
      on an environmentally-cued testing paradigm which is thought to reflect cognitive
      learning skills (i.e., Place Navigation Water Task). Other rats fed the same base
      diet but containing 20% saturated fat (lard) showed no such improvement compared
      to chow-fed (4.5% mixed fat) controls. The animals fed soybean oil also exhibited
      a transient resistance to extinguish this learning. This improved learning could
      not be explained by changes in general motor activity, basal body temperature,
      energy consumption, body weight, or in the brain activity of choline
      acetyltransferase, the marker enzyme for cholinergic neurons. These findings
      constitute the first evidence that short-term variations in the quality of
      dietary fat can enhance mammalian learning.

PMID- 3702608
TI  - Failure of N-acetylcysteine to protect against cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II)
      induced hematopoietic toxicity in mice.
AB  - In view of the results showing a decrease in cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II)
      (cis-DDP) nephrotoxicity after administration of thiol donors, this study was
      carried out to test the possibility that N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was active
      against myelodepressive effects of the anticancer drug. Cis-DDP (15.5 mg/kg body
      weight, i.v.) was administered to control mice and to mice treated simultaneously
      or 1 h later with NAC (800 mg/kg body weight, i.v.). At various times after
      treatment, up to 11 days, assessments were made of peripheral blood cell levels
      and bone marrow progenitor cell (CFUs and CFUc) concentrations. Cis-DDP caused a
      decrease in hemopoietic precursor cells in the order of that caused by other
      hemopoietic precursor cells in the order of that caused by other myelodepressive
      drugs, whereas there was only a slight decrease in peripheral blood WBC. In this
      experimental setting, NAC administration did not afford significant protection
      against platinum toxicity on bone marrow precursors or peripheral blood cells.

PMID- 3702609
TI  - Effect of portal branch ligation on polyamine metabolism in rat liver.
AB  - The activity of ornithine decarboxylase and the intracellular concentrations of
      putrescine and spermidine in the non-ligated lobes of the liver increased after
      portal branch ligation. These changes were followed by increased [3H]thymidine
      uptake into the acid-insoluble fraction of the liver. The induction of ornithine
      decarboxylase and changes in intracellular polyamines are important biochemical
      events in liver regeneration, so our results suggest that portal branch ligation
      causes formation of some stimuli that trigger liver regeneration. Changes were
      less with ligation than with partial hepatectomy.

PMID- 3702610
TI  - Dietary fish oils reduce plasma levels of platelet activating factor precursor
      (lyso-PAF) in rats.
AB  - The object of this study was to develop an assay for platelet activating factor
      (PAF) in rat plasma, and to utilise this to determine the effects of dietary fish
      oil on PAF in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Measurement of
      platelet activating factor in blood plasma has proved difficult because of its
      rapid hydrolysis in vivo to lyso PAF. We describe here a method based on the
      prior acetylation of lyso PAF extracted from plasma to PAF before bioassay using
      14C-serotonin labelled platelets. The active material found in acetylated plasma
      extracts was characterized as PAF by its chromatographic mobility, the action of
      phospholipases A2, C and D and by cross-desensitization studies with rabbit
      platelets. Rats fed dietary fish oil ('max EPA') had significantly decreased
      plasma lyso-PAF levels compared to control animals fed hydrogenated coconut oil
      (HCO). Serum thromboxane B2 (TXB2) levels were also significantly lower in
      animals fed the 'max EPA' diet. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) had
      significantly lower plasma lyso-PAF levels than their normotensive Wistar Kyoto
      (WKY) controls maintained on the same diets. It is proposed that dietary
      alterations in PAF synthesis may influence platelet behaviour in addition to the
      well described effects of dietary fish oil on the proaggregatory prostanoid TXA2.
      Rat strain differences in lyso-PAF synthesis occur, but are unlikely to be
      related to the maintenance of hypertension in SHR.

PMID- 3702611
TI  - Comparative study of the molecular species of chloropropanediol diesters and
      triacylglycerols in milk fat.
AB  - In an effort to establish the origin of the fatty acid esters of 3
      chloropropanediol, which recently have been isolated in small amounts from goat
      milk, we compared the molecular species composition of the chlorohydrin diesters
      and of goat milk triacylglycerols. The chloropropanediol diesters were found to
      be composed of molecular species containing C10-C18 fatty acids and corresponded
      closely in carbon number to those calculated for the long chain sn-1,2
      diacylglycerol moieties of goat milk triacylglycerols. The molecular species of
      goat milk total triacylglycerols contained C4-C18 fatty acids. It is suggested
      that triacylglycerols and chloropropanediol diesters are derived from the same
      pool of long chain fatty acids. A molecular distillate of bovine milk fat did not
      contain chloropropanediol diesters, while the available samples of human milk fat
      were shown to contain alkyldiacylglycerols as the major components of a neutral
      lipid fraction corresponding in polarity to the chloropropanediol diesters.

PMID- 3702612
TI  - Phospholipid requirement of alkylglycerol monooxygenase from rat liver
      microsomes.
AB  - The alkylglycerol monooxygenase catalyzing the cleavage of the ether bond in
      alkylglycerol resides in rat liver microsomes. The enzyme preparation was freed
      of phospholipids by sodium deoxycholate treatment followed by gel filtration in
      the presence of deoxycholate. The removal of phospholipids markedly decreased the
      alkylglycerol monooxygenase activity. The activity of the delipidated enzyme,
      however, could be completely restored by the addition of phospholipid vesicles
      without detergent. When individual phospholipids were added, anionic
      phospholipids such as phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol were the
      most effective. These findings, along with our previous observation of a similar
      effect of liposomes on the purified enzyme, indicate that the amphipathic nature
      of the protein is responsible for the lipid dependence of enzymatic activity.

PMID- 3702613
TI  - Brown adipose tissue triacylglycerol fatty acids of obese and lean mice: in situ
      and in transplants.
AB  - The triacylglycerols of white adipose tissue (WAT) from animals with high rates
      of lipogenesis, such as obese hyperglycemic mice or hypothalamically lesioned
      rats, contain high proportions of palmitoleic acid (16:1) and low proportions of
      linoleic acid (18:2). These differences appear to result from dilution of dietary
      18:2 by synthesized fatty acids, particularly 16:1. To test this we have
      investigated the triacylglycerol fatty acid composition of brown and white
      adipose tissue of lean and obese mice, as brown adipose tissue (BAT) has a higher
      lipogenic rate than WAT and lipogenesis is faster in obese than in lean mice.
      Between three and eight weeks of age the proportions of fatty acids in the
      tissues changed, with a marked fall in milk-derived lauric and myristic acids.
      From 8 to 16 weeks they were more stable and the proportions of 16:1 and 18:2 in
      the different tissues were as expected, with the highest and lowest proportions,
      respectively, in BAT from obese mice. When BAT from obese mice was transplanted
      under the kidney capsule of lean mice, or vice versa, for one month, the fatty
      acid composition of the grafts changed toward that of the host BAT. The
      proportions of 18:2 and, to a lesser extent, 16:1 were slightly higher in the
      grafts than in the hosts but since this also occurred in lean-to-lean and obese
      to-obese grafts it was probably a transplantation artifact. Overall, the results
      confirm that the physiological environment, rather than the source of the adipose
      tissue, is the major determinant of its fatty acid composition.

PMID- 3702614
TI  - Effect of chlorphentermine on incorporation of [14C]choline in the rat lung
      phospholipids.
AB  - The effect of chlorphentermine (CP) treatment (50 mg/kg/day, per os [po]) on the
      incorporation of [14C]choline into rat lung phospholipid was studied. Total
      phospholipid content was increased 2.0-fold and 1.7-fold after seven and 14 days,
      respectively, compared with the pair-fed rats. The incorporation of [14C]choline
      into phosphatidylcholine (PC) was significantly inhibited by either seven or 14
      days of CP treatment. Nevertheless, the PC content was significantly increased by
      day 7 and stayed elevated at day 14 of CP treatment. Choline and
      phosphorylcholine contents were significantly decreased by the CP treatment.
      These results suggest that the higher accumulation of PC is due to inhibition of
      enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of phospholipids rather than to a stimulation
      of the phospholipid synthesis.

PMID- 3702615
TI  - Partial specific volume and preferential hydration of low density lipoprotein
      subfractions.
AB  - We have determined the partial specific volume (v-) for five low density
      lipoprotein (LDL) subfractions (n = 5-7) and evaluated preferential hydration (n
      = 2) for LDL subfraction 3 in normolipoproteinemic subjects in order to
      characterize these highly atherogenic components of the human plasma lipoprotein
      spectra. Values for v- at 1 g were determined by sixth place density measurements
      of the solvent and lipoprotein solutions and carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen (CHN)
      absolute mass of the lipoprotein concentrations. Mean values for v- were 0.9757
      +/- 0.0019, 0.9701 +/- 0.0007, 0.9674 +/- 0.0016, 0.9616 +/- 0.0016 and 0.9550 +/
      0.0025 ml/g for subfractions 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. However, molecular
      densities (sigma) obtained from rho (rho) = 1/v- for respective LDL subfractions
      were 1.0249, 1.0308, 1.0337, 1.0399 and 1.0471 g/ml, respectively. The
      preferential hydration of lipoprotein subfraction 3 (n = 2) in NaCl/H2O solutions
      was 2.9-4.8 wt percent, whereas values were much lower (0.3-0.6 wt percent) in
      NaCl/NaBr/H2O solvent system. Unhydrated densities for LDL subfraction 3 (n = 2)
      at 1 g (sixth-place density meter) were 1.0287 and 1.0269 g/ml, whereas at
      200,000 X g (used in D2O flotation eta F degrees vs rho determinations) both
      values were 1.0308 g/ml, indicating that these similar LDL fractions have 23 and
      53% higher compressibility than the solvent at 200,000 X g force. It was observed
      that the linearity of eta F degrees vs rho may not be valid for solvents
      NaCl/NaBr/H2O of density as high as 1.4744 g/ml. Thus, flotation velocity data
      using extreme salt concentrations (1.4744 g/ml and higher) may be viewed with
      caution.

PMID- 3702616
TI  - Complete separation of phospholipids from human heart combining two HPLC methods.
AB  - The separation of phospholipid classes from human heart was achieved in two steps
      by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a silica column with an
      ultraviolet spectromonitor at 206 nm. A complete partitioning of
      phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), phosphatidylinositols
      (PI), phosphatidylserines (PS), cardiolipins (CL), lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC)
      and sphingomyelins (Sph) was obtained for further analysis.

PMID- 3702617
TI  - Simultaneous analysis of low plasma levels of deuterium-labeled saturated and
      unsaturated fatty acids as t-butyldimethylsilyl esters.
AB  - A sensitive and accurate method for detection and quantitation of deuterated
      fatty acids in the presence of large amounts of unlabeled fatty acids is
      described using mass fragmentography in combination with the preparation of
      tertiarybutyldimethylsilyl esters (t-BDMS). The method has been applied to
      determination of deuterated stearic, oleic, elaidic and linoleic acids in human
      plasma lipoproteins following duodenal perfusion with a micellar mixture of
      acids. Over a concentration range of 10-1000 ng/ml, the average coefficient of
      variation for the linoleate was 3% and for the oleate (elaidate) ester was 2%.

PMID- 3702618
TI  - The hydrolysis of very low density lipoproteins and chylomicrons of intestinal
      origin by lipoprotein lipase in ruminants.
AB  - The hydrolysis by lipoprotein lipase of a very low density
      lipoprotein/chylomicron fraction, obtained from the intestinal lymph of sheep,
      has been studied in vitro. Rapid hydrolysis of triacylglycerols, with an
      accumulation of free fatty acids, was observed. After an initial lag period,
      phosphatidylcholine also was hydrolyzed. No specificity for particular fatty
      acids in the triacylglycerols (or phosphatidylcholines) was observed.

PMID- 3702619
TI  - Soft tissue sarcomas: etiology and diagnosis.

PMID- 3702620
TI  - Complete recovery from profound hypothermia associated with DIC.

PMID- 3702621
TI  - The banking and clinical use of human skin allograft in trauma patients: clinical
      use of allograft skin.

PMID- 3702622
TI  - Physician recognition of CHD risk factors in high-risk patients.

PMID- 3702623
TI  - Elective pericardiectomy for tuberculous pericarditis: should the snappers be
      snipped?

PMID- 3702624
TI  - Clinical guidelines for using two dichotomous tests.
AB  - Building on the threshold model developed by Pauker and Kassirer for a single
      test, the authors describe a decision analytic model for two tests with
      dichotomous outcomes. The model includes ten decision strategies that differ
      depending on which tests are performed, whether the tests are performed together
      or in sequence, and the definition of a positivity criterion used to make the
      treatment decision when the test results disagree. Formulas derived from the
      model are used to compute the preferred option as a function of disease
      probability and to calculate test and test-treatment thresholds. General
      guidelines developed from the model can be used without calculation to identify
      relative preferences for alternative options and to predict threshold effects.

PMID- 3702625
TI  - Probabilistic analysis of decision trees using Monte Carlo simulation.
AB  - The authors describe methods for modeling uncertainty in the specification of
      decision tree probabilities and utilities using Monte Carlo simulation
      techniques. Exact confidence levels based upon the underlying probabilistic
      structure are provided. Probabilistic measures of sensitivity are derived in
      terms of classical information theory. These measures identify which variables
      are probabilistically important components of the decision. These techniques are
      illustrated in terms of the clinical problem of anticoagulation versus
      observation in the setting of deep vein thrombosis during the first trimester of
      pregnancy. These methods provide the decision analyst with powerful yet simple
      tools which give quantitative insight into the structure and inherent limitations
      of decision models arising from specification uncertainty. The techniques may be
      applied to complex decision models.

PMID- 3702626
TI  - Probabilistic analysis of decision trees using symbolic algebra.
AB  - Uncertainty in medical decision making techniques occurs in the specification of
      both decision tree probabilities and utilities. Using a computer-based algebraic
      approach, methods for modeling this uncertainty have been formulated. This
      analytic procedure allows an exact calculation of the statistical variance at the
      final decision node using automated symbolic manipulation. Confidence and
      conditional confidence levels for the preferred decision are derived from
      gaussian theory, and the mutual information index that identifies
      probabilistically important tree variables is provided. The computer-based
      algebraic method is illustrated for a problem previously analyzed by Monte Carlo
      simulation. This methodology provides the decision analyst with a procedure to
      evaluate the outcome of specification uncertainty, in many decision problems,
      without resorting to Monte Carlo analysis.

PMID- 3702627
TI  - [Basis of parameters of a rheographic catheter for intravascular studies].
AB  - A technique of examining large arteries with the rheographic catheter is
      described. The selection of catheter's parameters is based on analysis of a
      mathematical model for the catheter inserted into a vessel. The technique has
      been clinically verified, results are presented.

PMID- 3702628
TI  - [Use of non-linearly transformed speech signals for studying the auditory
      analyzer].
AB  - An opportunity to apply non-linearly transformed speech signals for investigation
      of auditory analyzer in health and disease is analysed. Possible types of non
      linear transformations preserving semantics of initial speech signals are
      discussed and analytic expressions are derived. Some circuitry problems related
      to performing these types of transformations are examined. The results of psycho
      acoustic experiments on perception of non-linearly transformed speech signals are
      given.

PMID- 3702629
TI  - [Indicator volume spirometers].
AB  - Pointer volume-spirometers are shown to be of great importance in mass health
      screening. Considerations are given to design and operational parameters of some
      state-of-the-art models.

PMID- 3702630
TI  - [Operational tests of "MOST", a new membrane oxygenator].
AB  - Functional and service characteristics of a Soviet membrane oxygenator are
      determined and compared with analogous foreign models. Results of hygienic
      examinations including medico-chemical and toxicological trials made it possible
      to evaluate oxygenator effects on a living organism.

PMID- 3702631
TI  - [Standardizing the number of electricians for the technical maintenance of
      medical technological products based on individual or brigade forms of work
      organization].

PMID- 3702632
TI  - [Operational effectiveness of the "Elektronika" x-ray mammographic microfocusing
      device].
AB  - Operational efficiency of the X-ray microfocal mammographic device is analysed.
      Diagnostic capabilities of the device are specified with due regard to an
      exposure dose rate for patients and personnel. Data on the throughput of the
      device are presented.

PMID- 3702633
TI  - [Supplementary device for a dynamometer to evaluate and register muscular
      endurance indices].
AB  - In practice of psychophysiologic research muscular endurance index is used for
      estimation of CNS function. Muscular endurance index is defined as relative time
      needed for maintaining the preset muscular effort. The described device widens
      the possibilities of a digital dynamometer for automatic estimation and recording
      of muscular endurance index in real time.

PMID- 3702634
TI  - [System for indirect determination of cardiac stroke volume by intra-aortic
      balloon pumping].
AB  - Indirect measurements of the ejection fraction by using an intra-aortic pump
      balloon allow the simultaneous assessment of myocardium contractility force and
      rate. They improve the qualitative evaluation of the cardiac muscle state. Errors
      in detecting the ejection fraction with the above technique do not exceed 10%
      when using a specially designed electric driver. The system should be recommended
      for use in biomedical research as it provides a wide range of output adjustments
      and high stability.

PMID- 3702635
TI  - [Perforator for punching side holes in drainage tubes].
AB  - The perforator gives a substantial increase in punching rate as against a Dufaut
      needle when punching side holes in drainage tubes.

PMID- 3702636
TI  - [VTM-5 and VTM-10 medical video-telephones].

PMID- 3702637
TI  - [Multifunctional recorder with ultraviolet-sensitive paper].
AB  - The first domestic recorder with UV-sensitive, directly developed paper is
      described. It records both slow and fast physiological processes in eight
      operating modes, and meets the requirements of medical theory and practice.

PMID- 3702638
TI  - ["Ul'traton" supersonic therapeutic device].

PMID- 3702639
TI  - [Microwave intracavitary irradiator for the external and middle ear areas].

PMID- 3702640
TI  - [Sterile catheters for newborn infants].
AB  - The use of sterile gastroenterologic and umbilical catheters in clinical practice
      considerably reduces bacterial contamination and postsurgical complications, they
      may find application in emergency cases as well. Delivery of sterile catheters in
      sealed packages saves time of medical personnel engaged in obstetric services,
      ensures long-term storage of products in a sterile form.

PMID- 3702641
TI  - [Clamps for cardiovascular surgery of children].
AB  - Brief information on auricular clamps, rack-type clamps for temporary hemostasis
      of blood vessels, clamps for compressing and joining aortal ends together, clamps
      for catching blood vessels is given. The instruments are available in 12 types,
      all are atraumatic and easy to use.

PMID- 3702642
TI  - Effects of iron deficiency on endurance and muscle enzyme activity in man.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of iron deficiency
      on enzyme activities and endurance. Iron deficiency was induced in 9 healthy male
      subjects by repeated venesections. After a period of 9 wk (range, 8-11 wk) when
      the subjects had become iron deficient as defined by laboratory parameters, blood
      was retransfused to reestablish the control hemoglobin concentration. In this
      state it was possible to evaluate the effect of iron deficiency isolated from
      anemia. In samples secured by muscle biopsies, glycolytic, oxidative, and iron
      depending enzymes were analyzed in the control (C) and anemic (A) states and
      after retransfusion (R). There were no significant changes in the maximal
      activities of any of the enzymes studied. The capillary/fiber ratio remained
      unchanged between C (1.92) and R (1.94). Times to exhaustion on treadmill tests
      were 49 min, 11 s in C, 26 min, 33 s in A, and 52 min, 3 s in R. Vo2max was 4.55
      1 X min-1 in C, 3.74 1 X min-1 in A, and 4.45 1 X min-1 in R. An artificially
      induced iron deficiency defined by conventional laboratory parameters did not
      affect endurance when transfusion of red blood cells was performed in order to
      exclude the influence of a low hemoglobin concentration. A 4-wk period of
      severely depleted or absent tissue iron stores did not affect the maximal
      activities of various enzymes in human skeletal muscle.

PMID- 3702643
TI  - Training for cross-country skiing and iron status.
AB  - Effects of iron supplements and training for cross-country skiing on
      hematological and iron status were studied in nine men and ten women from the U.
      S. Nordic ski team. Four men and five women received a multiple vitamin, multiple
      mineral supplement containing 18 mg iron for 8 months while five men and five
      women received a placebo. Fasting blood samples were taken from all skiers prior
      to supplementation (May) and in August, November, and January. Hemoglobin,
      hematocrit, plasma iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), percentage of
      transferrin saturation, serum ferritin, free erythrocyte porphyrin, and
      haptoglobin were measured on each sample. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, and TIBC were
      higher in November when both men and women skiers trained at altitude than in
      August. In January TIBC was further increased, haptoglobin was increased,
      hemoglobin for the men fell below May levels, and hematocrit returned to May
      levels. Skiers receiving iron had lower TIBC levels in November and January than
      the placebo group. Six women and two men had ferritin levels below 28 ng X ml-1,
      which suggests prelatent iron deficiency. Free erythrocyte porphyrin levels above
      100 micrograms X dl-1 RBC were found in all skiers at some point during training.
      The results suggest that multivitamin, multimineral supplements containing iron
      have little effect on the iron status of cross-country skiers.

PMID- 3702644
TI  - Hemoglobin desaturation in highly trained athletes during heavy exercise.
AB  - It has been generally accepted that during exercise at sea level, the pulmonary
      system of normal, healthy individuals is capable of maintaining arterial oxygen
      tension at near resting levels. However, recent evidence questions whether this
      generalization applies to the highly trained endurance athlete who is capable of
      achieving very high levels of metabolic demand. Hence, the purpose of these
      experiments was to examine the relationship between maximal oxygen consumption
      (VO2max) and arterial oxygen-hemoglobin saturation (%SaO2) during short-term
      heavy exercise in trained athletes and untrained individuals. Ten trained
      distance runners and 7 untrained males exercised at 95% of VO2max for 3 min.
      Minute-by-minute measurement of %SaO2 was obtained via ear oximetry. The
      correlation coefficients between %SaO2 and VO2max during exercise were r = -0.68,
      r = -0.74, and r = -0.72 (P less than 0.05) for minutes 1 through 3,
      respectively. In general those individuals with the highest VO2max showed the
      greatest decrease in %SaO2. By comparison there was no difference (P greater than
      0.05) in resting %SaO2 between the trained (96.3 +/- 0.2% [SE]) and the untrained
      (96.3 +/- 0.4%) subjects. However, at minute 3 of exercise, %SaO2 was
      significantly lower (P less than 0.05) in the trained subjects (87.0 +/- 0.7%)
      than in the untrained subjects (92.6 +/- 0.7%). These data demonstrate that
      arterial desaturation occurs in healthy, highly trained endurance athletes during
      heavy exercise and that the level of the arterial desaturation is inversely
      related to VO2max.

PMID- 3702645
TI  - Erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and serum enzyme concentrations in trained and
      sedentary men.
AB  - The acute effect of exercise on the intraerythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate
      concentration and on various serum enzymes and some related variables was
      investigated in 14 male athletes before and after a 50-min cross-country run and
      compared at rest to 15 sedentary subjects. Compared to the sedentary subjects,
      the athletes had higher resting levels of serum creatine phosphokinase, plasma
      myoglobin, and renin substrate but had a lower plasma renin activity. The red
      blood cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentration increased after exercise in the
      runners and was not different at rest between the athletes and the sedentary
      subjects. Our data therefore suggest that the resting plasma renin activity is
      reduced in athletes when compared to sedentary subjects. Training seems however
      not to alter the resting level of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in the red blood cells.

PMID- 3702646
TI  - Effect of intravenous caffeine on liver glycogenolysis during prolonged exercise.
AB  - Ingestion of caffeine has been reported to enhance performance during prolonged
      endurance exercise. This effect on performance has been attributed to a caffeine
      induced enhancement of lipid oxidation, thereby sparing muscle glycogen. The
      purpose of this experiment was to determine the effect of caffeine on the rate of
      liver glycogenolysis during exercise. Adult male rats were given an intravenous
      injection of caffeine (5 mg X kg-1) or of 0.9% NaCl. One h later they were run on
      a motor driven treadmill at 28 m X min-1 up a 15% grade for 45 or 90 min. Liver
      and muscles were frozen, and blood was collected for analysis. No significant
      differences were found between caffeine- and saline-injected rats in liver or
      muscle glycogen, plasma free fatty acid, insulin, glucagon, blood glucose, or
      blood glycerol. Liver adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate was essentially the
      same in caffeine- and saline-injected rats after 90 min of exercise. In a
      separate study, injection of 5 or 25 mg caffeine per kg body weight immediately
      prior to a 60-min bout of exercise had no effect on the rate of liver muscle
      glycogenolysis or on any of the hormones and metabolites studied. We conclude
      that in the rat, blood levels of caffeine in the range of 3.7 to 29 micrograms X
      ml-1 have no effect on liver adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate or the rate of
      liver glycogenolysis during prolonged treadmill running.

PMID- 3702647
TI  - Exercise training effects on serum lipids of prepubescent boys and adult men.
AB  - The effects of 10 wk of exercise training at low (40% VO2max) or high (75%
      VO2max) intensity on serum lipids and lipoproteins were compared in prepubescent
      boys and adult men. The final sample size consisted of: 8 boys (mean +/- SE age =
      8.5 +/- 1.96 yr) and 8 men (36.6 +/- 3.18 yr) in low; 12 boys (8.0 +/- 1.40 yr)
      and 12 men (36.6 +/- 4.09 yr) in high; and 10 boys (9.0 +/- 2.08 yr) and 10 men
      (36.7 +/- 4.82 yr) in control. Training involved walking/jogging/running 3 d X wk
      1 at a distance which progressed from 2.4 km X d-1 in the first week to 4.8 km X
      d-1 from the fifth week. Fasting blood samples, collected on 2 d during both pre-
      and post-training, were assayed for triglycerides, total cholesterol (CHOL), and
      high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Maximum aerobic power (VO2max) was
      determined from a treadmill test. Additionally, dietary intake was assessed from
      a 3-d dietary record and body composition from the sum of 6 skinfolds. The only
      statistically significant (P less than 0.05) changes occurred in HDL-C and CHOL
      for the high groups. HDL-C decreased following training. CHOL was lower for high
      than the other groups for the first day post-training only. There were no
      differences in the changes in HDL-C/CHOL ratio among the groups. VO2max only
      increased in the high groups. Dietary intake and body weight did not change.
      Further statistical adjustment in lipids for changes in sum of 6 skinfolds did
      not alter the results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3702648
TI  - Recovery energy expenditure for steady state exercise in runners and
      nonexercisers.
AB  - This study examined the effects of intensity, mode of exercise, and aerobic
      fitness on the energy expended during recovery (recovery oxygen consumption, or
      rec VO2) following steady state exercise. Eight runners (4 males, 4 females; 22
      32 yr) walked at 3.2 and 6.4 km X h-1 and ran at 8.1 and 11.3 km X h-1 (18, 33,
      50, and 68% peak VO2). All subjects completed 3.2 km of walking or running each
      session. Eight sedentary adults (4 male, 4 female; 21-33 yr) completed the 6.4 km
      X h-1 test. For the runners, net rec VO2 for 3.2, 6.4, 8.1 and 11.3 km X h-1
      exercise was (X +/- SE) 12.52 +/- 3.00, 29.53 +/- 5.41, 28.64 +/- 2.91, and 44.27
      +/- 5.32 ml X kg-1, respectively, for the recovery period (18-48 min).
      Differences among group means were significant (P less than 0.05), except between
      6.4 and 8.1 km X h-1 walking (29.53 +/- 5.41 and 35.09 +/- 9.39 ml X kg-1).
      Statements attributing substantial energy expenditure to the recovery period may
      be misleading to people exercising at levels similar to those described in this
      study, since the recovery energy expenditure only amounted to approximately 13-71
      kJ (3-17 kcal).

PMID- 3702649
TI  - Influence of supplemental oxygen on the physiological response to the PO2 aerobic
      exerciser.
AB  - Acute physiological responses to the "PO2-Aerobic Exerciser" (AE), a partial
      rebreathing device designed to stimulate training at altitudes, were studied in
      seven healthy men [mean VO2max = 56.1 +@- 10.1 (SD) ml X kg-1 X min-1] who
      performed cycle ergometer exercise to exhaustion in three experimental
      situations: a control test (C) breathing normal atmosphere: a test with the
      device (AE); and a test with the AE air supplemented with oxygen (AEO2').
      Arterial oxygen saturation at rest for C, AE, and AEO2' studies was 97 +/- 1, 95
      +/- 2, and 97 +/- 1%, respectively (P less than 0.05 for C vs AE and AE vs
      AEO2'), while at exhaustion it was 95 +/- 1, 87 +/- 2, and 95 +/- 1%,
      respectively (P less than 0.05 for C vs AE and AE vs AEO2'). Maximum work rate
      decreased from a control value of 1738 +/- 184 kg X min-1 to 1371 +/- 147 kg X
      min-1 during AE and remained below control levels during AEO2'; 1554 +/- 110 kg X
      min-1 (P less than 0.05). Beyond 60% of maximum work rate during AE, inspired CO2
      increased to 0.026 +/- 0.005. Mouth pressure swings of up to -19.2 +/- 10.2 and
      12.7 +/- 5.7 cm H2O were recorded during AE. While the PO2 aerobic exerciser
      induced a hypoxic stress, the pertubation imposed was not explained fully by
      arterial oxygen desaturation. Other factors such as hypercapnia and a flow
      resistive increase in the work of breathing appear to have influenced work
      capacity during the use of the device.

PMID- 3702650
TI  - Validation of body composition models for high school wrestlers.
AB  - This study investigates the utility of two equations for predicting minimum
      wrestling weight and three equations for predicting body density for the
      population of high school wrestlers. A sample of 54 wrestlers was assessed for
      body density by underwater weighing, residual volume by helium dilution, and
      selected anthropometric measures. The differences between observed and predicted
      responses were analyzed for the five models. Four statistical tests were used to
      validate the equations, including tests for the mean of differences, proportion
      of positive differences, equality of standard errors from regression, and
      equivalence of regression coefficients between original and second sample data.
      The Michael and Katch equation and two Forsyth and Sinning equations (FS1 and
      FS21) for body density did not predict as well as expected. The Michael and Katch
      equation tends to overpredict body density while FS1 underpredicts. The FS2
      equation, consisting of a constant adjustment to FS1, predicts well near the mean
      but not at the ends of the sample range. The two Tcheng and Tipton equations
      produce estimates which slightly but consistently overpredict minimum wrestling
      weight, the long form equation by 2.5 pounds and the short form by 3.8 pounds. As
      a result the proportion of positive differences is less than would be expected.
      But based on the tests for the standard errors and regression coefficients, the
      evidence does not uniformly reject these two equations.

PMID- 3702651
TI  - Optimal pedalling rate in prolonged bouts of cycle ergometry.
AB  - This study was designed to investigate the variables which contribute to the
      determination of optimal pedalling rate in cycling. Five trained bicycle racers
      were used as subjects for the study. The experiment consisted of five 20- to 30
      min tests at about 85% of each subject's pre-determined VO2max. Pedal rates of
      40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 rpm were used. In the experiment, efficiency, heart
      rate, and perceived exertion measures were obtained at 10 and 20 min of exercise.
      Blood lactate concentration and plasma levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine
      were measured at rest, during the exercise sampling periods, and at 5 min of
      recovery following the exercise bout. When compared across pedal rates, gross
      efficiency, heart rate, and perceived exertion all were minimal at 60 or 80 rpm
      for each sampling period. Blood lactate showed the same relationship to pedal
      rate as the preceding variables at 10 min of exercise but not late in the test.
      The catecholamine values appeared to follow a similar trend but not
      significantly. The experiment showed that for this group of cyclists an optimal
      pedal rate existed for a prolonged period of exercise and was evident in measures
      of both efficiency and perceived exertion. The experiment indicates that, for
      researchers and for cyclists who use high power outputs, the choice of pedal rate
      is an important one.

PMID- 3702652
TI  - Maintenance of body orientation in the flight phase of long jumping.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to examine the contributions of the various
      body segments to the maintenance of body orientation during the flight phase of
      the long jump. Proper maintenance of body orientation was defined to be achieved
      if the net angular displacement of the head-and-trunk segment was zero during the
      flight phase of the long jump. To achieve a zero net angular displacement of the
      head-and-trunk segment a long jumper needs to execute appropriate arm and leg
      movements relative to the head-and-trunk segment to counteract the effects of the
      whole body transverse centroidal angular momentum imparted at takeoff. The
      contributions of arm and leg movements to the maintenance of body orientation are
      discussed for the specific cases of a sail and a 2 1/2 hitch-kick long jump.
      Inherent weaknesses of the sail and hitch-kick techniques, as well as specific
      weaknesses of two athletes executing these techniques, are discussed with
      reference to body orientation during the flight phase of the long jump.

PMID- 3702653
TI  - Coordination of segments in the vertical jump.
AB  - Three general patterns of segmental coordination (i.e., sequential [SEQ],
      simultaneous [SIM], and modified simultaneous [MSIM]) have been hypothesized for
      jumping. The purposes of this study were to describe the pattern of segmental
      coordination used in vertical jumping and to determine if skilled jumpers
      displayed distinguishing patterns of coordination. Maximum vertical jumps were
      performed in the counter movement (CMJ) and static jump (SJ) conditions by a
      heterogeneous group of 20 lean, adult subjects (AS). Smoothed, digitized film
      records provided the data for four segments: head-arms-trunk, trunk, thighs, and
      shanks. For each segment the phase of positive contribution was considered to
      begin with initiation of extension and end with maximum angular velocity.
      Bisegmental and multisegmental variables were defined to assess the extent of
      simultaneity. Skill was determined by the effective integration of the legs
      (ratio of peak upward velocity of CMJ and SJ) and by the use of stored elastic
      energy. Although 13 AS had MSIM patterns, the amount of flexion was small (less
      than or equal to 1 degree) so these AS were reclassified. With multisegmental
      analyses the number of AS with SIM patterns ranged from 13 to 17; about half the
      time was SIM. Using bisegmental analyses all 20 AS had SIM patterns; about three
      fourths of the time was SIM. Skilled AS initiated extension and reached maximum
      velocity of the segments in proximal to distal order and with very small delays
      between adjacent segments.

PMID- 3702654
TI  - [Strangulated inguinal hernia. Apropos of 138 cases in adults].
AB  - The following practical conclusions are based upon a study undertaken by the
      authors on a series of 138 strangulated groin hernias: the necessity of a basic
      medical education for rural population that will lead to treatment of hernias
      before complications as well as early treatment of complicated hernias; careful
      clinical examinations of the elderly patient in order to screen eventuel colic or
      rectal obstructions capable of creating symptomative strangulation; to adapt
      therapeutic attitude towards the location and extent of the lesion.

PMID- 3702655
TI  - [Population survey of a pediatric department in Dakar].
AB  - The survey includes 4.876 children registered in 1983 and 1984. Girls appear to
      be less frequently admitted than boys (42% and 58% respectively) but they die
      significantly more often. Lethal rates, all ages merged, are respectively 19 and
      15.4%. For both sexes, this rate reaches 47% during the only first month. It is
      during the hot season that mortality is evidently the highest, because diarrhea,
      malnutrition and malaria are much more frequent during this season. In 40% of the
      cases, death occurs during the first 24 hours of hospitalization. A better
      monitoring during pregnancy and nutrition education would certainly reduce such
      an over-mortality.

PMID- 3702656
TI  - [Morbidity and mortality in a pediatric department in Dakar].
AB  - The authors study, for the year 1983, the morbidity and the mortality in a
      pediatrics department in Dakar. Despite the fact that the patients admitted
      belong to a privileged group of the senegalese population, the mortality rate is
      high (17%), mainly during the neonatal period (51.5%), and within the age group
      of 1 to 23 months (21%). Seasonal influence is obvious. Admissions and deaths are
      significantly more numerous from june to december. The diseases of concern are
      still diarrhea, malnutrition and respiratory diseases.

PMID- 3702657
TI  - [Importance peritoneal puncture-lavage in blunt injuries of the abdomen].
AB  - In a series of 67 peritoneal lavages undertaken on 112 polytraumatized patients,
      the authors were able to demonstrate the diagnostic value of this method in few
      of a difficult or ambiguous clinical examination. Laparotomy was performed on 27
      patients for whom the lavages were positive. The authors aimed at demonstrating
      the method's simplicity and value in the absence of other expensive diagnostic
      methods, aside from its simplicity.

PMID- 3702658
TI  - [Anorectal tuberculosis disclosed by hemorrhoidal thrombosis].
AB  - The authors report on a case of anorectal tuberculosis. Revealed by an
      hemorroidal thrombosis with febrile symptoma and purulent discharge, its
      macroscopic aspect was the one of anal mucous membrane ulceration, irregular with
      elevated border. The diagnosis was confirmed by anatomopathologic exam. The
      course was favourable under specific treatment. Etiologic investigation did not
      show any other localisation. Then, present aspects of anorectal tuberculosis are
      discussed, as well as possible relationships with hemorroidal disease and its
      complications, particularly the fissural ones.

PMID- 3702660
TI  - [Post-partum myocardiopathies].
AB  - In a selected vulnerable group, this affection, revealed after post-partum,
      exists in a woman out of 3,000. The characteristic of this disease is to be cured
      completely. But it might also evoluate either to chronicity or even to death.
      Early screaning is a favourable factor of recovery. The author is of opinion that
      M.P.P. is the clinical emergence of possible myocardic incompetence in any normal
      post-partum. Such an emergence is accelerated by some risk factors: anemia,
      malnutrition, excess of table salt, or work overload, etc.

PMID- 3702659
TI  - [Acute poisoning by ingestion of ditakh. Apropos of 8 cases].
AB  - In connection with eight pediatric observations, the authors recall the existence
      and its feature of acute intoxication by Detarium Sp (Heudelotianum), toxic
      variety of Ditakh (Detarium senegalensis) which is a fruit commonly consumed in
      Senegal. They stress on the importance of interrogation taking in account the
      diagnosis of this intoxication which may be fatal.

PMID- 3702661
TI  - [Double heterozygotism SC. Clinical features].
AB  - Sickle cell hemoglobin C (SC) disease and homozygous sickle cell anemia (SS)
      share the same pathophysiology and most of their clinical manifestations. SC
      disease is marked by mild anemia, propensity to thrombotic complications and
      increased frequency of severe bacterial infections. These manifestations are
      usually less frequent and less severe than in the homozygous SS status.
      Nevertheless, two features require special comment: the proliferative retinopathy
      and the bone lesions (aseptic necrosis). These two "degenerative" complications
      are reported to be more frequent than in SS disease and may be related to the
      longivity of the SC patients. Although, SC disease generally runs a benign
      course, severe complications can occur at any age and a close follow-up is
      justified.

PMID- 3702662
TI  - Extraintracranial anastomosis performed by means of biological gluing materials:
      experimental and clinical study.
AB  - A new surgical technique of extraintracranial anastomosis (EIA) is reported. End
      to-side microvascular anastomosis is performed by applying four crossed-fixing
      sutures and by mantling a hemostatic sponge muff (eg, Spongostan) impregnated
      with fibrinogen-thrombin glue. Histopathological studies of microvascular
      anastomosis in animals and clinical results of 70 EIA operations showed that this
      surgical technique of anastomosis has certain advantages, namely that it reduces
      the number of sutures needed, is less traumatic to the vascular wall, ensures
      elastic vascular junction, and the glue and Spongostan used possess high
      biological inertness that provides a better physiological connection of vessels
      than conventional suturing. The highly hermetic vascular junction and absence of
      blood flow at the anastomosis site are achieved without additional suturing. The
      duration of the operation is significantly reduced. A full EIA function sets in
      comparatively early.

PMID- 3702663
TI  - The inner prosthetic surface structure and re-endothelialization: an experimental
      study in the rat using two types of microvascular prostheses for aortic
      implantation.
AB  - Two types of microvascular prostheses were implanted in the rat infrarenal aorta.
      Operations were carried out with clean, nonsterile instruments under ether
      anesthesia. Anastomoses were made with a continuous 8-0 suture. In group A, a 1
      cm-long piece of expanded polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) and in group B a 1-cm
      long fibrous polyurethane prosthesis were implanted. Both groups consisted of 18
      rats. Three rats from each group were killed at days 3, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 60
      postimplantation. Prostheses were examined by scanning electron and light
      microscopy for the re-endothelialization. All prostheses in both groups were
      patent at the time of death. Re-endothelialization started in both types of
      prostheses the fifth day after implantation and had advanced 1-3 mm in the PTFE
      prostheses at day 60. However, in the fibrous polyurethane prostheses, re
      endothelialization progressed and a complete new lining was achieved between days
      20 and 40 postimplantation. The endothelium/neointima in the fibrous prosthesis
      was firmly anchored onto the prosthetic wall by means of cellular protrusions
      between the polyurethane fibers. In contrast to this observation, the
      endothelium/neointima developed in the PTFE prostheses was not anchored to the
      wall of the prosthesis. It is emphasized that the development of a new lining in
      a prosthesis may reduce the risk of endogenous, hematogenous infections. From the
      results of this study, we have concluded that there is a correlation between the
      inner surface structure and the extent of the re-endothelialization of a
      prosthesis. A prosthesis with a fibrous structure is much more rapidly and
      completely re-endothelialized than an expanded PTFE prosthesis.

PMID- 3702664
TI  - Simultaneous reconstruction of bone and skin defects by free fibular graft with a
      skin flap.
AB  - It has been very difficult to accomplish simultaneous reconstruction of a massive
      defect of the long bone associated with a large skin defect. Yoshimura et al
      reported a new procedure using a vascularized free fibular transplant with a
      monitoring flap. This procedure was used in four cases that had resulted in
      massive bone and skin defects after wide resection of benign and malignant bone
      tumors occurring in the long bones. Our results using the composite vascularized
      fibular graft were gratifying.

PMID- 3702665
TI  - Microsurgical reconstruction of the biliary duct: experimental study in rats and
      dogs.
AB  - Surgery of the biliary ducts remains a problem in traumatologic and iatrogenic
      injuries as well as in liver transplantation. The purpose of this study was to
      perfect microsurgical technique of anastomosis of the common bile duct and to
      study the healing and tissue reaction at the anastomotic site. The healing of
      microsurgical closure of longitudinal choledochotomies was studied as well. Light
      microscopic and scanning electron microscopic examination were performed at
      different intervals after operation. The permeability of the anastomosis was
      studied by transduodenal retrograde choledochography. Reepithelialization was
      obtained in 2 weeks. Microsurgery offers an interesting perspective to
      reconstructive biliary and transplantation surgery.

PMID- 3702666
TI  - Effect of different irrigating solutions on the endothelium of small arteries:
      experimental study in rats.
AB  - The effects of four different irrigating solutions (normal saline, Ringer's
      solution, renal transplantation solution, and C solution) on the endothelium of
      small arteries were studied, with the femoral artery of rats being used as an
      experimental model. Perfusion was carried out for 30 minutes in all groups and
      the influence of exposition and clamping alone was also studied for control, the
      animals being killed 48 hours, and 1, 2, and 4 weeks postoperatively, depending
      on the subgroup. A total of 116 rats was operated upon. Morphological studies
      included light microscopy and transmission and scanning electron microscopy.
      Increasing degrees of lesion, namely cytoplasmic alterations in the endothelial
      cells, focal discontinuity of the endothelium, various degrees of subendothelial
      edema, blood cell aggregation, and blood clotting, were observed consecutively
      with normal saline, Ringer's, renal transplantation unit (RTU), and C solutions.
      Normal saline and C solutions were concluded to have the least and the most
      deleterious effects, respectively.

PMID- 3702667
TI  - The double gammopathies. Clinical and immunological studies.
AB  - A retrospective review of 1135 patients with paraproteinemias recorded 28 (2.5%)
      as having two M components. This group included 11 patients with myeloma, 6 with
      lymphoproliferative disease, 5 with a nonlymphoproliferative malignancy, and 6
      with a double gammopathy of undetermined significance. In 13 cases in which the M
      components were measured over a period of time, three distinct patterns were
      observed, which may reflect the cellular and subcellular origin of the two
      proteins: 1) In 2 cases the minor component remained relatively stable while the
      dominant protein changed with time and treatment, suggesting the origin to be two
      cell lines--the minor arising from a quiescent clone of the monoclonal gammopathy
      of undetermined significance, and the major M component arising from a more
      rapidly proliferating plasma cell line; 2) a discordant pattern was seen in 4
      patients, suggesting that the two M components arose from two separate plasma
      cell clones; 3) seven cases in which the proteins behaved in a concordant manner
      probably arose from a single plasma cell clone with incomplete class switching,
      producing two M components with different heavy chains.

PMID- 3702668
TI  - Jaw claudication in primary systemic amyloidosis.
AB  - Amyloid deposits in the temporal artery were observed 40 years ago, but the
      presence of vascular ischemic symptoms in patients with amyloidosis has been
      infrequently recognized. We examined 22 patients who had typical jaw claudication
      with biopsy-proven primary amyloidosis. In none was vasculitis a contributing
      cause of the claudication. However, two patients were misdiagnosed initially as
      having temporal arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica and were treated with
      corticosteroids, which resulted in significant toxicity. Subsequent temporal
      artery biopsy revealed extensive amyloid deposits in both patients. Jaw
      claudication was associated with other ischemic vascular symptoms, such as arm or
      calf claudication. The median survival for the subset of patients with
      amyloidosis and jaw claudication was 42 months, and that for the entire group of
      patients with amyloidosis was 12 months. Appropriate staining of temporal artery
      biopsy specimens is necessary for the correct diagnosis in such cases.

PMID- 3702669
TI  - Classification of residential facilities for individuals with mental retardation.

PMID- 3702670
TI  - Health education and mental retardation.

PMID- 3702671
TI  - Planning for generalization and maintenance in parent training: parents need
      I.E.P.s too.

PMID- 3702672
TI  - Staff response to maladaptive behavior in public and community residential
      facilities.

PMID- 3702673
TI  - The effect of varying carbohydrate content of a very-low-caloric diet on resting
      metabolic rate and thyroid hormones.
AB  - Twelve obese women were studied to determine the effects of the combination of an
      aerobic exercise program with either a high carbohydrate (HC) very-low-caloric
      diet (VLCD) or a low carbohydrate (LC) VLCD diet on resting metabolic rate (RMR),
      serum thyroxine (T4), 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine
      (rT3). The response of these parameters was also examined when subjects switched
      from the VLCD to a mixed hypocaloric diet. Following a maintenance period,
      subjects consumed one of the two VLCDs for 28 days. In addition, all subjects
      participated in thrice weekly submaximal exercise sessions at 60% of maximal
      aerobic capacity. Following VLCD treatments, participants consumed a 1,000 kcal
      mixed diet while continuing the exercise program for one week. Measurements of
      RMR, T4, T3, and rT3 were made weekly. Weight decreased significantly more for LC
      than HC. Serum T4 was not significantly affected during the VLCD. Although serum
      T3 decreased during the VLCD for both groups, the decrease occurred faster and to
      a greater magnitude in LC (34.6% mean decrease) than HC (17.9% mean decrease).
      Serum rT3 increased similarly for each treatment by the first week of the VLCD.
      Serum T3 and rT3 of both groups returned to baseline concentrations following one
      week of the 1,000 kcal diet. Both groups exhibited similar progressive decreases
      in RMR during treatment (12.4% for LC and 20.8% for HC), but values were not
      significantly lower than baseline until week 3 of the VLCD. Thus, although
      dietary carbohydrate content had an influence on the magnitude of fall in serum
      T3, RMR declined similarly for both dietary treatments.

PMID- 3702674
TI  - Plasma catabolism of human apolipoprotein E isoproteins: lack of conversion of
      the doubly sialylated form to the asialo form in plasma.
AB  - Apolipoprotein E (apoE) circulates as a mixture of sialylated and asialylated
      forms. In this study the catabolic fate and the plasma turnover rate of the
      different apoE forms have been investigated in vivo in humans. Asialo apoE (E)
      and doubly sialylated apoE (Ess) were isolated by preparative isoelectrofocusing
      from the VLDL of subjects homozygous for the E3 allele. 131E3 and 125E3ss were
      injected simultaneously into three hypertriglyceridemic subjects, and plasma
      samples were collected up to the sixth day. VLDL were isolated by
      ultracentrifugation, and the apoE forms were separated by isoelectrofocusing. Gel
      bands corresponding to E3 and E3ss were cut out and counted for the associated
      radioactivity. Residence times in plasma for 131E3 and 125E3ss were 0.95 +/- 0.16
      and 0.74 +/- 0.16 days, respectively. As determined from the gel count
      distribution up to 24 hours, no conversion of the injected sialylated form to the
      correspondent asialylated form was detected.

PMID- 3702675
TI  - Endogenous hypertriglyceridemia in a nonobese rat model: plasma lipoproteins and
      dietary sensitivity.
AB  - Sprague-Dawley male rats from the Ivanovas-Sieve colony (IVA-SIV) show higher
      plasma triglyceride levels compared to the standard Charles River (CR) rats. The
      triglyceride enrichment occurs primarily in the very-low-density lipoproteins
      (VLDL), otherwise of a normal % composition, suggesting that the number of
      particles is increased, rather than their triglyceride (TG) content. High-density
      lipoprotein (HDL) particles, corresponding to HDL1, appear to be increased in the
      IVA-SIV rats, as confirmed by rate-zonal ultracentrifugation. The apoprotein
      composition of isolated lipoproteins (apo B content and isoelectric focusing
      pattern), does not differ in the two strains. The IVA-SIV rats are remarkably
      more TG inducible, compared to the standard CR. This can be shown with fructose
      loading and with a cholesterol-cholic acid diet. The plasma TG increase, after
      Triton administration, indicative of the VLDL-TG production, is fourfold higher
      in the IVA-SIV, compared to the CR rats. These findings provide evidence for some
      similarities between the IVA-SIV rat and human endogenous hypertriglyceridemia,
      and suggest an increased TG biosynthesis in this model.

PMID- 3702676
TI  - Effect of dichloroacetic acid on rat hepatic messenger RNA activity profiles.
AB  - We have previously suggested that the ability of glucose to induce rat hepatic
      lipogenic enzymes is mediated by the mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate. In
      part, this hypothesis is supported by the finding that an activator of pyruvate
      dehydrogenase, dichloroacetic acid (DCA), is capable of inducing malic enzyme in
      hepatocyte cultures. In order to further test this hypothesis, we compared the
      mRNA responses induced by carbohydrate feeding in vivo and by glucose
      administration to hepatocytes in culture with those mRNA responses induced in DCA
      both in vivo and in culture. DCA administration to rats resulted in a significant
      increase in liver:body weight ratio. It was, in addition, a potent inducer of
      malic enzyme. Hepatic mRNA activity profiles were examined by two-dimensional gel
      electrophoretic analysis of in vitro translation products. Six of the seven mRNAs
      altered by carbohydrate feeding were similarly altered by DCA feeding in vivo. In
      cultured hepatocytes 10 mmol/L DCA significantly increased four of six glucose
      induced mRNAs. The mRNA for malic enzyme was among those mRNA sequences induced
      both in vivo and in culture. Increasing glucose concentrations in the culture
      medium resulted in an expected rise in pyruvate levels, whereas DCA caused a
      significant decrease in the concentration of this intermediate. It is likely,
      therefore, that augmentation of the flux of pyruvate through pyruvate
      dehydrogenase rather than alterations in pyruvate levels per se, is a proximal
      event leading to the induction of multiple mRNAs. The marked overlap in mRNA
      response to both carbohydrate and DCA indicates that the signal regulating the
      content of the carbohydrate responsive mRNAs is derived from mitochondrial
      pyruvate oxidation.

PMID- 3702677
TI  - Vitamins and coenzymes. Part G.

PMID- 3702678
TI  - Glutathione dehydrogenase (ascorbate).

PMID- 3702679
TI  - Cation-exchange high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of vitamin B6.

PMID- 3702680
TI  - Modified purification of pyridoxamine (pyridoxine) 5'-phosphate oxidase from
      rabbit liver by 5'-phosphopyridoxyl affinity chromatography.

PMID- 3702681
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to vitamin B6.

PMID- 3702682
TI  - Prohistidine decarboxylase from Lactobacillus 30a.

PMID- 3702683
TI  - Pyridoxal phosphate-dependent histidine decarboxylase from Morganella AM-15.

PMID- 3702684
TI  - Determination of thiamin and its phosphate esters by high-performance liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 3702685
TI  - Purification of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide by ion-exchange and
      high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3702686
TI  - Desalting of nucleotides by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3702687
TI  - Simultaneous photometric determination of oxygen consumption and NAD(P)H
      formation or disappearance using a continuous flow cuvette.

PMID- 3702688
TI  - Separation of flavins and flavin analogs by high-performance liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 3702689
TI  - Separation and determination of thiamin and its phosphate esters by SP-Sephadex
      chromatography.

PMID- 3702690
TI  - Preparation, properties, and separation by high-performance liquid chromatography
      of riboflavin phosphates.

PMID- 3702691
TI  - Isolation of avian riboflavin-binding protein.

PMID- 3702692
TI  - Fluorometric titration of urinary riboflavin with an apoflavoprotein.

PMID- 3702693
TI  - 1H NMR spectral analysis of the ribityl side chain of riboflavin and its ring
      substituted analogs.

PMID- 3702694
TI  - Dimethylglycine dehydrogenase and sarcosine dehydrogenase: mitochondrial folate
      binding proteins from rat liver.

PMID- 3702695
TI  - Separation of pteridines from blood cells and plasma by reverse-phase high
      performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3702696
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of ascorbic acid, erythorbic
      acid, dehydroascorbic acid, dehydroerythorbic acid, diketogulonic acid, and
      diketogluconic acid.

PMID- 3702697
TI  - Determination of pterins by liquid chromatography/electrochemistry.

PMID- 3702698
TI  - Preparative electrochemical reduction of pteroylpentaglutamate.

PMID- 3702699
TI  - Preparation and analysis of pteroylpolyglutamate substrates and inhibitors.

PMID- 3702700
TI  - Purification of folate oligoglutamate: amino acid transpeptidase.

PMID- 3702701
TI  - Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase from pig liver.

PMID- 3702702
TI  - Purification of 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase from Clostridium
      formicoaceticum.

PMID- 3702703
TI  - Separation of biotin and analogs by high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3702704
TI  - Purification of avidin and its derivatives on 2-iminobiotin-6-aminohexyl
      Sepharose 4B.

PMID- 3702705
TI  - Use of avidin-iminobiotin complexes for purifying plasma membrane proteins.

PMID- 3702706
TI  - Preparation of [14C]pyridoxal 5'-phosphate.

PMID- 3702707
TI  - Vitamins and coenzymes. Part H.

PMID- 3702708
TI  - Purification of interstitial retinol-binding protein from the eye.

PMID- 3702710
TI  - Isolation and identification of vitamin D metabolites.

PMID- 3702709
TI  - Quantification of physiological levels of retinoic acid.
AB  - The methods discussed here are versatile procedures that have been effective for
      the quantification of retinoic acid and retinol in plasma or serum, cells in
      culture, and animal tissues. They are capable of measuring a wide range of
      concentrations: the GC/MS assay for retinoic acid is especially useful when low
      amounts of retinoic acid are to be accurately quantified and is unrivaled for
      sensitivity and specificity; the HPLC assays are less sensitive, but are more
      convenient, more accessible, and preclude the need for the expensive and
      demanding technology of GC/MS. With these procedures, retinoic acid has been
      measured in human plasma (approximately 4.9 ng/ml), rat serum (approximately 2
      ng/ml), fetal bovine serum (approximately 2 mg/ml), and rat tissues (0.05-1.0
      microM). In the first two cases, all-trans-retinoic acid accounts for
      approximately 75% of the total. The proportion of all-trans-retinoic acid in
      other cases has not yet been determined.

PMID- 3702711
TI  - Analysis of cobalamin coenzymes and other corrinoids by high-performance liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 3702712
TI  - A new pathway of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 metabolism.

PMID- 3702713
TI  - Measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1-alpha-hydroxylase activity in mammalian
      kidney.

PMID- 3702714
TI  - An HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of retinol and alpha-tocopherol
      in plasma or serum.

PMID- 3702715
TI  - Assay of coumarin antagonists of vitamin K in blood by high-performance liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 3702716
TI  - Assay of K vitamins in tissues by high-performance liquid chromatography with
      special reference to ultraviolet detection.

PMID- 3702717
TI  - Analysis of bacterial menaquinone mixtures by reverse-phase high-performance
      liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3702718
TI  - Radioisotopic assay of acetylcarnitine and acetyl-CoA.

PMID- 3702719
TI  - Short-chain acylcarnitines: identification and quantitation.

PMID- 3702720
TI  - Purification and assay of carnitine acyltransferases.

PMID- 3702721
TI  - Purification of B12-binding proteins using a photodissociative affinity matrix.

PMID- 3702722
TI  - Determination of the specific activity of long-chain acylcarnitine esters.

PMID- 3702723
TI  - Synthesis of radioactive (-)-carnitine from gamma-aminobutyrate.

PMID- 3702724
TI  - Reflectance spectrophotometric and surface fluorometric methods for measuring the
      redox state of nicotinamide nucleotides and flavins in intact tissues.

PMID- 3702725
TI  - Spectrophotometric determination of iron in heme proteins.

PMID- 3702726
TI  - Affinity chromatography of heme-binding proteins: synthesis and characterization
      of hematin- and hematoporphyrin-agarose.

PMID- 3702727
TI  - Affinity chromatography of heme-binding proteins: synthesis of hemin-agarose.

PMID- 3702728
TI  - Porphobilinogen synthase: a specific and sensitive coupled-enzyme assay.

PMID- 3702729
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of porphyrins and their isomers
      with radial compression columns.

PMID- 3702730
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography of porphyrin methyl esters.

PMID- 3702731
TI  - Isotachophoretic analysis of porphyrin precursors: 5-aminolevulinic acid
      derivatives.

PMID- 3702732
TI  - Preparation of stereospecifically labeled porphobilinogens.

PMID- 3702733
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography of uroporphyrin and coproporphyrin
      isomers.

PMID- 3702734
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of the bilirubin isomers.

PMID- 3702735
TI  - Purification of hepatic mitochondrial 5-aminolevulinate synthase.

PMID- 3702736
TI  - Purification and characterization of mammalian and chicken ferrochelatase.

PMID- 3702737
TI  - Purification and characterization of bacterial ferrochelatase.

PMID- 3702738
TI  - Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase purification from chicken erythrocytes.

PMID- 3702739
TI  - Purification of solubilized chlorophyllase from Chlorella protothecoides.

PMID- 3702740
TI  - Purification of porphobilinogen synthase from bovine liver.

PMID- 3702741
TI  - Purification of 5-aminolevulinate synthase.

PMID- 3702742
TI  - Enzymatic synthesis and separation of retinyl phosphate mannose and dolichyl
      phosphate mannose by anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3702743
TI  - Separation and quantitation of retinyl esters and retinol by high-performance
      liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3702744
TI  - Separation of geometric isomers of retinol and retinoic acid in nonaqueous high
      performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3702745
TI  - Use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique for quantitation of serum
      retinol-binding protein.

PMID- 3702746
TI  - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of retinoids.

PMID- 3702747
TI  - Examination of disease names using non-Abelian symbolic logic.

PMID- 3702748
TI  - Remission control of pre-post treatment comparisons by two-sample symmetry
      testing.

PMID- 3702749
TI  - Graphical access to medical expert systems: I. Design of a knowledge engineer's
      interface.

PMID- 3702750
TI  - Building an expert critiquing system: ESSENTIAL-ATTENDING.

PMID- 3702751
TI  - Modelling medical organizational systems with nets.

PMID- 3702753
TI  - Echinoderm gametes and embryos.

PMID- 3702752
TI  - Laboratory culture of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus adults, embryos, and larvae.

PMID- 3702754
TI  - Tubulin-containing structures.

PMID- 3702755
TI  - Simple methods and devices for handling echinoderm eggs.
AB  - This article describes several simple methods and easily made devices that have
      proved useful in experimentation on echinoderm eggs. It may be that some of the
      suggestions will prove useful for teaching purposes as well as for research.
      Beyond providing detailed instructions for a few methods, it is just as important
      to stress that simple, direct methods can still yield valuable data in important
      areas of experimentation.

PMID- 3702756
TI  - Electrophoresis of eggs and blastomeres.

PMID- 3702757
TI  - Determination of mechanical properties of the egg surface by elastimetry.

PMID- 3702758
TI  - Determination of mechanical properties of the egg by the sessile drop method.

PMID- 3702759
TI  - Ion measurements in sea urchin sperm.

PMID- 3702760
TI  - Oestrogens and bone metabolism: a hypothesis.
AB  - The explanations so far proposed for the effects of oestrogens on bone metabolism
      in post-menopausal women have been based on the changes seen in calciotrophic
      hormones. However, we demonstrated in a previous study [6] that there is a
      decrease in the concentration of somatomedin (an insulin-like growth factor) and
      an increase in that of growth hormone (GH) in oestrogen-treated post-menopausal
      women. On the basis of those findings and the relevant data published in the
      literature, we advance a hypothesis to the effect that the bone-metabolism
      changes that occur in post-menopausal women following oestrogen replacement
      therapy come about via changes in serum somatomedin and growth hormone
      concentrations.

PMID- 3702761
TI  - Women's attitudes toward the menopause: an update.
AB  - A sample of 244 pre-, peri-, post-menopausal and hysterectomized women were
      administered a 10-item Menopause Attitude Questionnaire which assessed women's
      agreement with several controversial menopausal issues (i.e., whether the women
      subscribed to a view of menopause as a normal developmental stage or as a
      deficiency disease; attitudes toward hormonal replacement; and whether female
      sexuality was perceived as compromised during and subsequent to menopause).
      Results revealed that even a fairly homogeneous population of well-educated women
      held a considerable diversity of beliefs about the menopause. Respondents were
      clearly divided regarding the issue of hormone replacement therapy and its
      associated risks, but were united in holding optimistic beliefs about maintaining
      their femininity and sexuality subsequent to menopause. The implications of this
      research are discussed in terms of the current zeitgeist regarding menopause.

PMID- 3702762
TI  - Ovarian and peripheral androgen and oestrogen levels in post-menopausal women:
      correlations with ovarian histology.
AB  - Ovarian and peripheral plasma levels of oestrone (E1), oestradiol (E2),
      androstenedione (A) and testosterone (T) were assayed in 58 post-menopausal women
      who underwent hysterectomy and oophorectomy (35 for endometrial carcinoma and 23
      for benign gynaecological diseases). No significant difference between the two
      groups was seen when they were matched for percentage of ideal weight. However,
      significant differences were found between the ovarian and peripheral levels of
      the four steroids investigated. To facilitate analysis of the data, 40 of these
      women were classified into three groups (1, 2 and 3) according to degree of
      stromal hyperplasia of the ovary. Group 1 comprised those with atrophic ovaries,
      group 2 those with slight stromal hyperplasia and group 3 those with moderate or
      marked stromal hyperplasia. Ovarian levels of A and T were significantly higher
      than peripheral levels in all three groups, but the ovarian/peripheral oestrogen
      differences were significant only in groups 1 and 2. The ovarian steroid levels
      in group 3 were significantly higher than those in groups 1 and 2 in the cases of
      E1 (P less than 0.01), E2 (P less than 0.001) and A (P less than 0.001), but not
      in that of T. It was concluded that ovaries showing marked stromal hyperplasia
      can produce significant amounts not only of androgens but also of E2, and hence
      that any evaluation of the hormonal pattern in post-menopausal women must also
      take into account the microscopic characteristics of the ovary.

PMID- 3702764
TI  - Organon OD 14 (tibolone) and menopausal dynamic hormone profiles.
AB  - Hormonal profiles were studied in 15 post-menopausal women, 7 of whom had been
      treated with Organon OD 14 (Tibolone) and 8 with placebo tablets for 3 yr. In the
      Tibolone-treated group, the sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels were
      significantly lower, while the estimated free testosterone levels, the
      testosterone/SHBG ratio and the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) response to
      thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) were significantly higher than in the
      placebo group. Prolactin and triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations were lower in
      the actively treated group, although the differences were not statistically
      significant. No significant differences were observed with respect to thyroxine
      (T4), TSH, basal cortisol or cortisol response to synacthen.

PMID- 3702763
TI  - Regional skin temperature changes in a rat model for the menopausal hot flush.
AB  - Administration of naloxone to morphine-dependent male and female rats produced a
      significant rise in both tail skin temperature and foot temperature with a
      subsequent fall in colonic temperature. The magnitudes of the skin temperature
      surges were similar in the two regions, with the elevation in foot temperature
      preceding the rise in tail skin temperature. These regional skin temperature
      surges were similar in magnitude, duration and temporal pattern in both the male
      and female rat, and are similar to those exhibited in men and women undergoing
      flushing episodes. Castration of males did not alter these temperature responses.
      The only difference in response between male and female rats was the more
      pronounced fall in colonic temperature observed in morphine-dependent female rats
      following administration of naloxone. Neither the administration of naloxone to
      placebo-treated animals nor that of saline to morphine-dependent animals produced
      any changes in skin or colonic temperature in either male or female rats. These
      results suggest that the pattern of skin temperature alterations associated with
      morphine withdrawal in both the male and female rat is similar to the pattern of
      skin temperature surges associated with the hot flush in men and women, which
      provides additional evidence for the morphine-dependent rat as a model for women
      who exhibit flushing episodes. Additionally, this is the first report of a
      potential model for men who exhibit flushing episodes.

PMID- 3702765
TI  - Distribution patterns of blood flow in the rabbit tenuissimus muscle in response
      to brief ischemia and muscular contraction.
AB  - The distribution of the microvascular blood flow in the tenuissimus muscle of the
      rabbit was examined by intravital microscopy during postocclusion (reactive)
      hyperemia (RH) elicited by 5 min of circulatory arrest and postexercise
      (functional) hyperemia (FH) elicited by 1 min of muscular contraction. The main
      feeding arterioles in this muscle supply two vascular areas--the muscle
      capillaries and vessels in adjacent connective tissue. From flow measurements
      made at two different sites in these arterioles, the fractional distribution of
      the blood flow between the muscle capillaries and the connective tissue at rest
      and during hyperemia was determined. Both stimuli elicited profound hyperemic
      responses lasting for approximately 3 min with peak flow values of 7.6 (RH) and
      5.5 (FH) times the control flow. There was no major change in the fractional
      distribution of the hyperemic blood flow in response to the brief ischemia from
      that observed under resting conditions. Muscular contraction, on the other hand,
      resulted in a considerably greater increase in the flow to the muscle capillaries
      than in that to the connective tissue. Differences in reactivity between larger
      and smaller arteriolar segments within the muscle tissue were considered to
      underlie the fractional redistribution seen in response to this stimulus.
      Differential control of arteriolar blood supply and capillary perfusion may thus
      be exerted by these vascular segments and may be of functional importance in the
      adjustment of flow to increased tissue oxygen demand.

PMID- 3702766
TI  - Relative effects of static muscle contraction on digital artery and nailfold
      capillary blood flow velocities.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that a decrease in blood flow to the finger is not
      necessarily accompanied by a corresponding change of blood flow in nailfold
      capillaries. The purpose of this study was to determine if nailfold capillary
      blood flow remains relatively stable during a decrease in finger blood flow
      induced by muscle contractions. Four male subjects 20 to 30 years of age exerted
      2-min periods of static calf muscle contraction at levels of 7.5, 15, 30, and 45%
      of their maximum voluntary contractile force (MVC) while systemic blood pressure
      (BP), and flow velocities in the digital artery (VEL-A) and nailfold capillaries
      (VEL-C) were measured by, respectively, Doppler ultrasound and video
      densitometry. Each subject repeated the series five times. There was a
      significant linear decrease in VEL-A with increasing force of contraction for
      each subject individually (P less than or equal to 0.009) and for the group as a
      whole (P less than or equal to 0.0001); whereas VEL-C did not significantly
      change during muscle contraction. These results indicate that the initial
      cutaneous constrictor response in the finger during the onset of leg muscle
      exercise is not reflected to the nailfold capillaries.

PMID- 3702767
TI  - Tissue fluid pressure, lymph pressure, and fluid transport in rat intestinal
      villi.
AB  - Tissue fluid pressure (Pt) and lymph pressure (Pl) as well as fluid transport
      between initial lymphatics and tissue matrix were determined in the villi of the
      jejunum in vivo and in vitro. When the intestine was absorbing fluid, free tissue
      fluid as a micro pool appeared in the villi. Pt and Pl were 2.4 +/- 0.7 and 2.9
      +/- 0.8 mm Hg (mean +/- SE), respectively, in the villi in vivo (26 villi of 5
      rats) or 0.8 +/- 0.4 and 1.2 +/- 0.5 mm Hg, respectively, in the villi in vitro
      (30 villi of 5 rats). Pl was significantly (P less than 0.01) higher than Pt.
      When Evans blue in saline was continuously infused into an initial lymphatic, dye
      rapidly leaked out into the tissue matrix, but when it was infused into the free
      tissue fluid, dye did not enter the lymphatics but leaked out of the epithelial
      layer, apparently due to low hydraulic conductance of the tissue matrix to fluid
      transport in this direction. Furthermore, in the villi with fat absorption, a
      retrograde flow of chylous lymph out of the villous tips always occurred,
      indicating that there are large pores at the villous tips to allow free passage
      of fluid and chylomicrons. From these findings and other evidences, it is
      inferred that during fluid absorption a fraction of the lymph may be formed by
      the transport of the luminal fluid directly into the terminal end of the initial
      lymphatics via large pores at the villous tips presumably by inhibition of the
      tissue matrix or by lymphatic suction or both.

PMID- 3702768
TI  - Use of flow cytometry to extend and improve in vivo determinations of microvessel
      hematocrit and cell flux.
AB  - The use of fluorescent-erythrocyte tracer methods for estimating microvascular
      variables has been extended and improved by using flow cytometry. With cell
      tracer methods, the precision of estimates of cell flux, hematocrit, etc. is
      dependent on the labeled-cell fraction (p). In larger arterioles, high cell flux
      and the requirement to identify each labeled cell mandate the use of very low
      labeled-cell fractions. Precise microvascular estimates require high total cell
      counts in the estimation of p. This is not practical to do manually, but can be
      accomplished by flow cytometry. Determinations of p in experimental samples were
      made by both flow cytometry and microscopy. These values were compared to each
      other and to calculated values. In the range 0.0045 less than p less than 0.075,
      where manual counting statistics give CV(p) less than 0.12, counts by microscopy
      and flow cytometry were not significantly different. This confirms that flow
      cytometry identifies the same cell population as seen in vivo. Flow cytometry
      counts will resolve p greater than 0.00001 for rhodamine-labeled-cell fractions
      and p greater than 0.0002 for fluorescein-labeled-cell fractions. Rhodamine
      labeled-cell fraction samples analyzed when fresh or after 1-3 weeks storage in
      RPMI 1640 media (GIBCO) gave p values which agreed to within 4%. We identify the
      use of rhodamine-labeled cells as a simple yet powerful method of rare-event
      analysis for many in vivo applications.

PMID- 3702769
TI  - Effect of dispersion of vessel diameters and lengths in stochastic networks. I.
      Modeling of microcirculatory flow.
AB  - A microvascular network model is proposed with random arrangement and random
      dimensions of vessels. In addition to stochasticity of the topological
      characteristics of the model networks, as previously introduced by Fenton and
      Zweifach (1981, Ann. Biomed. Eng., 9, 303-321), the vessel diameters and lengths
      are treated as random variables following certain probability distributions for
      each vascular order. Flow and pressure distributions are calculated for each
      network configuration assuming a linear relationship between the blood flow rate
      and pressure drop for each vascular segment. The mean, coefficient of variation,
      skewness, kurtosis, and histograms of the hemodynamic variables are computed
      using an ensemble of random networks. The results indicate that dispersion of
      vessel diameters and lengths may significantly affect the distributions of
      microvascular variables such as capillary flow and pressure, and the flow
      distribution at bifurcations. It is shown that the dispersion of vessel diameters
      causes a decrease of total flow whereas the dispersion of lengths causes its
      increase.

PMID- 3702770
TI  - Effect of dispersion of vessel diameters and lengths in stochastic networks. II.
      Modeling of microvascular hematocrit distribution.
AB  - A microvascular network model described in the preceding paper (B. Dawant, M.
      Levin, and A. S. Popel, 1986, Microvasc. Res. 31, 203-222) featuring random
      distribution of vessel diameters and lengths, is extended to calculate the
      distributions of red blood cell flux and discharge hematocrit throughout the
      network. A relationship between red blood cell fluxes and blood flow rates at
      vascular bifurcations is incorporated into the model, and the effect of the form
      of this relationship on RBC distribution is investigated. The mean capillary
      discharge hematocrit is sensitive to the variation of parameters describing this
      relationship; thus detailed experimental information is required for bifurcations
      of different sizes and types.

PMID- 3702771
TI  - Surgical exposure induces formation of an arteriovenous permeability gradient for
      macromolecules in the microcirculation of muscle.
AB  - Rous and his colleagues (P. Rous, H. P. Gilding, and F. Smith, 1930, J. Exp. Med.
      51, 807-830, F. Smith and P. Rous, 1931, J. Exp. Med. 53, 195-217) uncovered
      evidence for an arteriovenous gradient of permeability in exchange vessels of
      muscle. After injecting vital dyes intravenously in laboratory animals, including
      mice and rats, they examined escape of the dyes from exchange vessels of
      abdominal muscles, prepared for observation by reflection of the overlying skin.
      They noted that a particular class of dyes, termed "poorly diffusible," escapes
      from venules but not from arterioles and capillaries a few minutes after
      injection. We now assume that the "poor" diffusibility of the dyes stems from
      their binding to plasma proteins. We repeated similar experiments in mice and
      rats, using Evans blue as tracer, and also observed leakage of Evans blue from
      venules but not from other exchange vessels. We made three additional
      observations. (1) Evans blue leaks from venules only after the skin overlying the
      abdominal muscles is reflected. (2) Reflection of the skin initiates
      degranulation of mast cells in the muscles. (3) Leakage of Evans blue from
      venules is inhibited by administration of promethazine, a histamine and serotonin
      antagonist, to the animals prior to reflection of the skin. On the basis of our
      observations, we conclude that the arteriovenous permeability gradient for poorly
      diffusible dyes in the microcirculation of muscle represents response to tissue
      injury resulting from reflection of overlying skin.

PMID- 3702772
TI  - Streamline pattern and velocity components of flow in a model of a branching
      coronary vessel--possible functional implication for the development of localized
      platelet deposition in vitro.
AB  - A simplified model of the left descending coronary artery was perfused with a
      suspension of tungstic acid particles in dimethyl sulfoxide/water solution. To
      visualize the streamline pattern within the main tube, flow was illuminated with
      laser light using the dark field technique. Moving particles appeared as points,
      or, when illuminated with pulsating light, as a series of points. They were
      photographed and evaluated with respect to the velocity vector normal (vl) and
      parallel (v =) to the vessel wall. Wall shear stress (tw) was calculated from (v
      =) and fluid viscosity. At Reynolds (Re) numbers comparable to the in vivo
      situation, defined flow disturbances were observed in the main tube: (i)
      Separation of the flow on the wall facing the opening of the side branch and (ii)
      development of a stagnation point flow at defined locations. Comparison of our
      results with experiments using platelet suspensions, allowed those hydrodynamic
      conditions to be determined which are responsible for the deposition of platelet
      microthrombi in vitro. These conditions were identified as being positive
      velocity components toward the wall (vl greater than 0).

PMID- 3702773
TI  - Stability of the hexagonal lattice structure formed by an R-form
      lipopolysaccharide of Klebsiella: decrease in the stability by electrodialysis
      and recovery by addition of the magnesium.
AB  - The R-form lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Klebsiella strain LEN-111 (O3-:K1-)
      forms a hexagonal lattice structure with a lattice constant of 14 to 15 nm when
      it is precipitated by addition of two volumes of 10 mM MgCl2-ethanol. When the
      LPS was suspended in various buffers (50 mM) at pH 2 to 12 for 24 hr at 4 C, at
      pH 2 and 3 pits of the hexagonal lattice structure markedly disappeared, at pH 4
      to 8.5 the lattice structure was stable, and at pH 9 to 12 it tended to loosen
      somewhat. The LPS from which cations were removed by electrodialysis retained the
      ability of hexagonal assembly, although the lattice constant of the hexagonal
      lattice of the electrodialyzed LPS was large. The lattice structure of the
      electrodialyzed LPS was much more labile than that of the non-electrodialyzed LPS
      at alkaline pH levels and the former was completely disintegrated into ribbon
      like structures when the LPS was suspended in 50 mM Tris buffer at pH 7.7 or
      higher. However, the electrodialyzed LPS formed a hexagonal lattice structure in
      Tris buffer at pH 8.5 containing 0.1 to 100 mM MgCl2. The lattice constants of
      the hexagonal lattice formed by the electrodialyzed LPS at 10 or 100 mM MgCl2
      were very similar to that of the lattice of the non-electrodialyzed LPS. From
      these results it is concluded that the lability of the hexagonal lattice
      structure of the electrodialyzed LPS at alkaline conditions is due to removal of
      Mg2+ by electrodialysis.

PMID- 3702774
TI  - Stability of the hexagonal lattice structure formed by an R-form
      lipopolysaccharide of Klebsiella: study of long-range stability.
AB  - The R-form lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Klebsiella strain LEN-111 (O3-:K1-)
      forms a hexagonal lattice structure with a lattice constant of 14 to 15 nm when
      it is precipitated by addition of two volumes of 10 mM MgCl2-ethanol. The
      stability of this hexagonal lattice structure in long-term incubation at 4 C was
      investigated. The hexagonal lattice structure was stable for at least 220 days
      when the LPS was suspended in distilled water, but it had been disintegrated into
      a rough mesh-like structure when the LPS was suspended in 50 mM
      tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) buffer, pH 8.5, at 4 C for 60 days. Half
      of the Mg bound to the LPS was released when the LPS was suspended in Tris buffer
      for 60 days, whereas Mg was not released when it was suspended in distilled water
      even for 220 days. By contrast, it was stable for at least 220 days in Tris
      buffer containing 5 mM MgCl2. The LPS suspended in Tris buffer for 60 days, at
      which time the structure had been disintegrated, could be restored to the
      original hexagonal lattice structure within 24 hr by addition of 5 mM MgCl2. From
      these results it is concluded that the hexagonal lattice structure of the LPS
      retains long-range stability if Mg bound to the LPS is not released from the LPS.

PMID- 3702775
TI  - Relationship between luminous fish and symbiosis. II. Chemical composition of
      lipopolysaccharides isolated from symbiotic luminous bacteria in the luminous
      marine fish, Physiculus japonicus.

PMID- 3702776
TI  - [Morphological changes in a chemostat culture of Candida utilis undergoing cyclic
      changes of pH and pO2].
AB  - The effect of cyclic pH and pO2 changes on the morphology of Candida utilis was
      studied with time intervals measured in minutes. The pH was varied from 4.5 to
      2.6, the pO2 from 70% of the saturation to 0%. The morphology was studied both
      visually and using the technique of optical-structural computer analysis. The
      regime with pH changes increased the biomass yield. However, the averaged
      morphological characteristics showed that the growth was slightly inhibited.
      Therefore, the yeast population was very heterogeneous, some cells were inhibited
      while other cells were stimulated, which made the economic coefficient rise. The
      cells were also inhibited when they were exposed in the conditions of oxygen
      deficiency for a short period of time. However, the cells could not be inhibited
      if, at the same time, the pH was extremely low. Changes in the morphology were
      detected earlier than either the inhibition or stimulation of growth was recorded
      by measuring the weight of biomass.

PMID- 3702777
TI  - [Comparative study of the physicochemical and biological properties of Bacillus
      thuringiensis phages].
AB  - Two phages of the polylysogenic Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleriae 1-97
      culture differ in the morphology of their particles. A comparative study of their
      antigenic properties has shown the possibility of cross serological reactions of
      neutralization with antiphagal sera. The results imply that there is an antigenic
      relationship between these phages. The data indicate that the nucleic acid
      component of the both phages is DNA. The sensitivity of phage 1-97 A to some
      physical factors has been studied.

PMID- 3702778
TI  - [Process of Candida tropicalis adaptation to L-arabinose].
AB  - When biotin (an essential growth factor) is removed from the mineral Rieder
      medium, a mutation process is induced, particularly, if a nutrition source
      (glucose) is present in the medium. Hence, a mutation process can be induced
      under the conditions of an unbalanced 'organism--medium' system.

PMID- 3702780
TI  - [Numerical taxonomy of pseudomonads of the diminuta group].
AB  - The taxonomy of the "diminuta" group is discussed. The method of numerical
      taxonomy was used to characterize 135 strains of 10 species belonging to
      Pseudomonas, Gluconobacter and Acetobacter in terms of sixty phenotypical
      features. The similarity coefficients of the strains were calculated with
      computers. According to the data of numerical analysis, the species P. diminuta
      and P. vesiculare represent a single phenon different from Pseudomonas,
      Gluconobacter and Acetobacter species.

PMID- 3702779
TI  - [Biological properties of the alpha-mannanase of Rhodococcus erythropolis].
AB  - When Rhodococcus erythropolis is cultivated under the submerged conditions in a
      medium containing yeast mannan as a sole carbon source, it synthesizes
      exocellular alpha-mannanase which hydrolyzes alpha-1,2 and alpha-1,3 bonds in a
      mannan molecule. The alpha-mannanase of R. erythropolis exerts distinct lectin
      properties under the conditions which entirely exclude its enzyme activity.

PMID- 3702781
TI  - Assessment of hip and knee joint activity using an angular displacement activity
      monitor.

PMID- 3702782
TI  - A technological assessment of the current and future status of hemodialysis.
AB  - The principles of hemodialysis and the technology of hemodialysis, as currently
      practiced, have been described in some detail. Future trends in the development
      of these devices have been considered briefly. For the immediate future, the
      trend that is expected to have the greatest influence is the trend towards
      shorter durations of treatment. Patient preference and economic pressures have
      already set this trend in motion.

PMID- 3702784
TI  - Interactive hemodialysis control system for improved cardiovascular stability.

PMID- 3702783
TI  - Water purification for hemodialysis.

PMID- 3702785
TI  - Systems and devices used for peritoneal dialysis.

PMID- 3702786
TI  - Convective mass transport for the artificial kidney: technical considerations.

PMID- 3702787
TI  - Organ preservation: current and future perspectives.

PMID- 3702788
TI  - Accidental hypothermia in skiers.

PMID- 3702789
TI  - Overdose--a problem that is still with us.

PMID- 3702790
TI  - Tempting Providence.

PMID- 3702791
TI  - Hypothermia among resort skiers: 19 cases from the Snowy Mountains.
AB  - Even in relatively temperate environments, accidental hypothermia is a
      potentially lethal complication of exposure. We have reviewed our experience of
      accidental hypothermia among recreational alpine skiers at an Australian resort
      during the 1983 and 1984 seasons. There were 19 cases of accidental hypothermia,
      which occurred in 10 men and nine women who were aged between six and 47 years
      (mean age, 15.9 years) and who had rectal temperatures that ranged from less than
      35 degrees C to 36 degrees C. The temperature at presentation to the Ski Injury
      Clinic was less than 35 degrees C in seven cases. One patient presented to the
      Clinic with a gastrointestinal haemorrhage in addition to hypothermia, and one
      was initially thought to be suffering from alcohol intoxication. Two patients
      were lost in the snow overnight. All patients were removed from the snow, changed
      into warm dry clothes where necessary, and their body temperatures allowed to
      return to normal spontaneously (17 patients), or were exposed to heat actively by
      means of inhaled, heated, humidified air (two severely obtunded patients). All
      patients responded satisfactorily. There were no deaths and no sequelae. We
      conclude that all skiers should be advised to wear effective thermal insulation,
      and to ski with a partner to ensure that adequate care is taken to prevent
      accidental hypothermia. Inhalational "warming" is effective in the treatment of
      hypothermia in obtunded patients.

PMID- 3702792
TI  - Study of the immunogenicity and infectivity of hepatitis B-containing stabilized
      plasma-protein solution.
AB  - In early 1984, five patients who were undergoing plasmapheresis at a Melbourne
      hospital developed a transient hepatitis B surface antigenaemia. A common batch
      of stabilized plasma-protein solution (SPPS) that was included in the replacement
      therapy for each patient was found to contain hepatitis B surface antigen
      (HBsAg). A follow-up study was undertaken of these patients and others who were
      known to have received SPPS from the same batch (in total, 10 patients were
      followed for a median of 46.5 weeks). No patient developed evidence of hepatitis,
      although one patient developed antibody to surface antigen. It was concluded that
      the manufacturing process was effective in destroying the infectivity of the
      HBsAg-positive plasma that was used in this batch of SPPS and that the final
      product was poorly immunogenic in these patients.

PMID- 3702793
TI  - A prospective comparison study of premenstrual symptoms.
AB  - A study in which two groups of women were compared prospectively has been carried
      out. One group (n = 31) complained of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) whereas the
      other group (n = 12) denied suffering from PMS. It was found that premenstrual
      symptoms increased significantly in women who complained of PMS although some
      symptoms (irritability, abdominal swelling) increased significantly in the other
      group as well. The group that complained of PMS showed significantly greater
      premenstrual increases in some symptoms than did the comparison group, but not in
      anxiety, irritability, tension or breast tenderness. In the late follicular phase
      statistically significant baseline differences occurred between the two groups in
      depression, anxiety, tension and irritability. Significant correlations between
      baseline and premenstrual scores in the PMS group were found for most of the
      symptoms that were studied, particularly for tension, anxiety, sleeplessness and
      depression. These results suggest that women who complain of premenstrual
      syndrome may require therapy for their generally higher levels of anxiety and
      depression throughout the entire menstrual cycle rather than for the premenstrual
      exacerbation alone.

PMID- 3702794
TI  - Cot deaths in Australia, 1985.
AB  - A survey has been carried out of the pathology of cot deaths in Australia.
      Infection seems to play a bigger role in deaths in Melbourne than in some other
      areas such as Western Australia, but a smaller role than in the United Kingdom.
      The number of subclinical lesions that are found in infants who have suffered a
      cot death seems to be similar to that in the United Kingdom. The high cot death
      rate in Tasmania appears to be a truly elevated rate and not due to diagnostic
      variables. The "possibly preventable" postperinatal death rate in several areas
      is high. Many individuals are carrying out excellent research related to cot
      deaths in different parts of the Commonwealth. However, many appear to be working
      almost in isolation, and a need exists for one or more centres in Australia to
      carry out and coordinate studies of the background factors and of the pathology
      of all postperinatal deaths.

PMID- 3702795
TI  - Accidental coadministration of intravenous aminophylline and theophylline by
      mouth: a hazardous practice.
AB  - Eight patients who inadvertently received theophylline by mouth and aminophylline
      by the intravenous route together were reviewed by the Clinical Pharmacology
      Service of the Royal Adelaide Hospital because their serum theophylline levels
      were in excess of the stated therapeutic range. Six of these patients were
      severely compromised by their high theophylline level, and two of them, who had
      advanced obstructive lung disease and respiratory failure, died shortly after the
      drug levels were detected. Oversights of this nature can arise during the early
      stages of a patient's hospital admission and when medical staff changes occur.
      All patients who receive aminophylline by the intravenous route must be kept
      under close surveillance to ensure that theophylline formulations are not given
      by mouth concurrently.

PMID- 3702796
TI  - Venous thromboembolism to the heart. A case report and review of treatment.
AB  - Venous thromboembolism to the heart is a rare and often fatal condition that is
      now being recognized more frequently owing to the widespread use of two
      dimensional echocardiography. Death may be due to embolic obstruction of the
      tricuspid or the pulmonary valves, or to further migration of the embolus to the
      pulmonary arteries. The incidence of early recurrent pulmonary embolism is high.
      When used as primary treatment, medical treatment (anticoagulation or
      fibrinolytic therapy) failed in eight of 13 reported cases. Only one of eight
      patients died when surgical embolectomy was undertaken. We believe that an
      echocardiographic diagnosis of venous thromboembolism to the heart is sufficient
      evidence to warrant urgent surgical embolectomy. An undue delay in definitive
      treatment is often fatal.

PMID- 3702797
TI  - RSI.

PMID- 3702798
TI  - Fluoride, bone and repetitive strain injury.

PMID- 3702799
TI  - Frozen shoulder.

PMID- 3702800
TI  - Plasma exchange as sole treatment for chronic inflammatory demyelinating
      polyneuropathy.

PMID- 3702801
TI  - Alternative medicine.

PMID- 3702802
TI  - Fourth international symposium: Epidemiology in occupational health. Invited
      lectures & abstracts. Como, Italy, 10-12 September 1985.

PMID- 3702803
TI  - Dram-shop liability--II.

PMID- 3702804
TI  - [Summer dermatoses].

PMID- 3702805
TI  - [Acid barrier of the gastric mucous membrane].

PMID- 3702806
TI  - [Refractive errors of the eye].

PMID- 3702807
TI  - Amiodarone.

PMID- 3702808
TI  - Drugs that cause photosensitivity.

PMID- 3702809
TI  - Optical factors affecting the detective quantum efficiency of radiographic
      screens.
AB  - Parameters related to the detective quantum efficiency (DQE) of several
      representative screens of different thicknesses, phosphor grain sizes, and
      optical properties were measured by the scintillation spectrum method, using
      monoenergetic x rays produced from x-ray fluorescence. The experimental results,
      including those for spectral shape and average light energies (EA) emitted, are
      compared with conventional theories of the operation of screens. It was hoped
      that this would vindicate the theory of the effect of optical properties and so
      permit the simple calculation of all parameters related to DQE from standard x
      ray attenuation tables. Rather more substantial energy-dependent deviations of EA
      are found than was previously realized, which preliminary analysis suggests are
      due to both optical effects and photoelectron escape. We conclude that although
      DQE for a single energy can be calculated by simplified methods to within +/-
      10%, the effective DQE when polyenergetic beams are used is much less accurately
      estimated and requires a fuller theoretical treatment.

PMID- 3702811
TI  - Applications of time-varying gradients in existing magnetic resonance imaging
      systems.
AB  - This paper describes several applications of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
      with time-varying gradients within the framework of existing imaging systems. An
      alternative form of slice selection is shown where a time-varying gradient is
      used, during the reception interval, to isolate the slice of interest (the
      reconstruction of the slice itself is treated by the conventional techniques).
      This system allows for precise control of the slice, thinner slices (less than 1
      mm) and the ability to select multiple, closely packed slices using a single
      imaging sequence. All this is done by postprocessing so the slice(s) of interest
      can be selected after the measurements have been completed. It is also shown how
      time-varying gradients can be used to generate the signals required for
      conventional projection-reconstruction and two-dimensional Fourier transform
      techniques (yet achieving higher resolution and using a resonant gradient
      system). In addition to cross-sectional imaging, this same approach provides a
      simple system for projection imaging of the entire volume. All of these
      techniques constitute a good starting point for the exploitation of time-varying
      gradients for fast, high-resolution MRI with existing imaging systems.

PMID- 3702810
TI  - Scatter rejection by electronic collimation.
AB  - An electronic scanning-slit technology is under development which involves
      replacing paired fore and aft slits for scatter rejection with only one fore
      slit. As the slit scans across the portion of the patient to be imaged, pulsed x
      ray exposures produce images of the slit in successive positions, which are
      digitized and stored in computer memory. Software techniques are used for
      tracking the slit image, and discriminating against scatter and veiling glare
      lying outside the slit image. Such "electronic collimation" does not require
      synchronization between the slit-scanning and detector readout, which makes it
      much simpler than alternative methods and potentially adaptable to any digital
      fluorography system. The performance characteristics of a prototype unit are
      described and images of a low-contrast phantom are presented.

PMID- 3702812
TI  - The precision of TR extrapolation in magnetic resonance image synthesis.
AB  - We present a model of noise propagation from acquired magnetic resonance (MR)
      images to TR-extrapolated synthetic images. This model assumes that images
      acquired at two repetition times TR1 and TR2 are used to generate synthetic
      images at arbitrary repetition times TR. The predictions of the model are
      compared with experimentally acquired phantom data, and show excellent agreement.
      The model is utilized in an analysis of two applications of MR image synthesis:
      scan time reduction and multiple-image synthesis. Scan time is reduced by
      acquiring data at two short repetition times, and synthesizing at a longer
      repetition time, with TR1 + TR2 less than TR. For T1 = 800 ms, a reduction of 20%
      in scan time results in a 45% reduction in signal-to-noise ratio SNR, when
      compared to direct acquisition. Reducing scan time by much more than 20% produces
      large noise levels in the synthetic image, and is unlikely to be useful. In
      multiple-image synthesis, images are synthesized at any repetition time in the
      range 0 to TR1 + TR2, for contrast optimization. If T1 = 800 ms, and TR1 + TR2 =
      2000 ms, the optimum combination of TR1, TR2 results in synthetic images whose
      SNR is at worst 22% less than the SNR of directly acquired images. For many
      values of TR, the synthetic images have SNR superior to that obtainable by direct
      acquisition.

PMID- 3702813
TI  - Flow-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.
AB  - A new technique for detecting blood flow in magnetic resonance imaging is
      proposed. This technique is tailored to enhance areas containing flow while
      suppressing static and nonsignal areas with the objective of optimizing the
      contrast of vascularized tumors. Unlike flow phase imaging, in-plane flow
      directionality (parallel versus antiparallel to applied flow gradient) is removed
      by the proposed method to reduce phase cancellation of flow signals. This signal
      loss is apt to occur in instances of complicated vascularity patterns consisting
      of many small vessels having multiple flow directions. The new flow-enhanced
      imaging method is compared to flow phase imaging by computer simulation of simple
      objects containing many small vessels. The results indicate that flow-enhanced
      imaging yields significantly greater detectability of regions of complicated
      small-vessel patterns than phase imaging.

PMID- 3702814
TI  - Toward an automated analysis system for nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. I.
      Efficient pulse sequences for simultaneous T1-T2 imaging.
AB  - Simultaneous T1 and T2 images have been obtained using multiple-echo self
      normalizing sequences. Differential T1 and T2 discrimination for two of these
      sequences, double saturation recovery and inversion-saturation recovery, have
      been explored in detail. The inversion-saturation recovery sequence exhibits T1
      discrimination comparable to, and in many cases better than, that of optimal T1
      weighted conventional pulse sequences, but is poor for T2 imaging. The double
      saturation recovery sequence yields comparable tissue discrimination for T1 and
      T2 imaging, but is poor compared to optimal T1 weighted and T2 weighted
      conventional pulse sequences. Simultaneous T1 and T2 images represent
      quantitative maps of intrinsic tissue properties, and hence form a natural basis
      for an automated image analysis and tissue classification system.

PMID- 3702815
TI  - Fluence perturbation in photon beams under nonequilibrium conditions.
AB  - The perturbation effect in parallel-plate ionization chambers used for buildup
      measurements has been investigated. The fluence perturbation due to electrons
      emitted through the side walls are thoroughly investigated by measurements using
      film and extrapolation chambers and by calculations. The electron fluence varies
      both with side wall material and chamber geometry. In order to obtain a small
      perturbation effect, the chamber should have a large guard width compared to the
      electrode separation and the side walls should have as large an angle as possible
      with the central axis. The side wall should be of the same material as the rest
      of the chamber. The perturbation effect is also dependent on the electron
      contamination of the beam and angular distribution of the electron fluence. It is
      thus not possible to correct the perturbation effect in one parallel-plate
      chamber with fixed plate separation with correction factors obtained with
      extrapolation chambers of other dimensions. In order to make accurate surface
      dose measurements extrapolation chambers are therefore strongly recommended in
      favor of fixed parallel-plate chambers.

PMID- 3702816
TI  - Interface effects in the Monte Carlo simulation of electron tracks.
AB  - An analog of Fano's theorem for ionization in cavities is shown to hold for the
      stepwise representation of electron paths used in Monte Carlo computer models of
      electron transport. This brings to light an error in the distribution of electron
      paths and hence energy deposition which is induced by interrupting steps which
      cross the interface between media of different densities. The magnitude of the
      error depends on the shape of the cavity and its size relative to the electron
      path length in the cavity gas. In a typical calculation of a cylindrical chamber
      exposed to 60Co radiation, if the electron step size is taken as 10% of the
      remaining path, then a 3% energy deficit in the cavity results. An algorithm for
      crossing an interface is described which does not produce this error.

PMID- 3702817
TI  - Correlation of microdosimetric measurements with relative biological
      effectiveness from clinical experience for two neutron therapy beams.
AB  - Microdosimetric measurements were made for the neutron therapy beams at the
      University of Chicago and at the Cleveland Clinic with the same geometry and
      phantom material using the same tissue-equivalent spherical proportional counter
      and standard techniques. The energy deposition spectra (dose distributions in
      lineal energy) are compared for these beams and for their scattered components
      (direct beam blocked). The model of dual radiation action (DRA) of Kellerer and
      Rossi is employed to interpret these data in terms of biological effectiveness
      over this limited range of radiation qualities. The site-diameter parameter of
      the DRA theory is determined for the Cleveland beam by setting the biological
      effectiveness (relative to 60Co gamma radiation) equal to the relative biological
      effectiveness value deduced from radiobiology experiments and clinical
      experience. The resulting value of this site-diameter parameter is then used to
      predict the biological effectiveness of the Chicago beam. The prediction agrees
      with the value deduced from radiobiology and clinical experience. The biological
      effectiveness of the scattered components of both beams is also estimated using
      the model.

PMID- 3702818
TI  - Dosimetric considerations of d(15) + Be and p(26) + Be neutron beams from an
      isocentric cyclotron facility.
AB  - To select the optimum therapeutic neutron beam available from a CS30 medical
      cyclotron (manufactured by the Cyclotron Corporation, Berkeley, California),
      central axis depth dose data and output dose rates were compared for the
      bombardment of beryllium with either the proton or deuteron beams available from
      the machine. The effect on these parameters of filtering the beams with either
      pure polyethylene, polyethylene loaded with 5% boron, or polyethylene loaded with
      10% lithium was studied. A 4-cm, 10% lithiated filter used with a 26-MeV proton
      beam was selected for therapeutic use. Buildup curves, beam profiles at several
      transverse planes for different field sizes, and comparison of beam profiles with
      60Co are given.

PMID- 3702819
TI  - Theoretical analysis of regional blood flow studies.
AB  - Regional blood flow measurements were analyzed using a two-compartment model. The
      distribution of injected tracer between blood and tissue was assumed to be in
      equilibrium only at the beginning of the experiment. Equations for the
      determination of the partition coefficient of injected radionuclides from in vivo
      measurements were derived. These equations can also be used for estimation of the
      relative blood content of a tumor or an organ. The results were applied to
      experiments, where three diffusible radionuclides were injected simultaneously
      into patients with diagnosed tumors.

PMID- 3702820
TI  - Thermodynamic considerations of acrylic cement implant at the site of giant cell
      tumors of the bone.
AB  - A discussion of the thermodynamic aspects of a relatively new treatment method
      for giant cell tumors of the bone is presented in this paper. The advantages of
      implanting methylmethacrylate acrylic bone cement into a curetted tumor site are
      briefly discussed and placed in perspective relative to more prevalent surgical
      treatments. As the bone cement self-heats while curing, the possibility of heat
      necrosis in the bone exists. However, the damage due to heat may be beneficial in
      reducing the rate of tumor recurrence. A thermodynamic consideration of the
      treatment situation appears to be warranted. After a general introduction and a
      brief literature review, the theoretical thermodynamic equations are developed.
      Once the basic equations for the heat transfer from the cement or the bone are
      derived, there is then a discussion of the various characteristics of bone and
      methylmethacrylate crucial to the analysis, such as, thermal conductivity,
      specific heat, density, and heat generation parameters. Finally, in order to
      reduce the theory to a form which may be used practically, the equations derived
      are written in terms of finite-difference equations, which approximate them
      numerically. Different equations are written for each type of heat transfer
      condition encountered in the cement-bone system as spacial variances in material
      and geometry occur. The equations derived may be used to model the system
      allowing one to predict the time-dependent temperature distribution in bone
      during the curing of acrylic cement. Using computer techniques to reduce the
      equations obtained from this analysis, and knowing the temperature at which
      adjacent cells die, a zone of necrosis may be mapped surrounding the acrylic
      impact.

PMID- 3702821
TI  - Absorbed dose calorimetry: bridge nulling and voltage analysis techniques.
AB  - A theoretical analysis is made of the conventional calorimeter approach utilizing
      a two-thermistor Wheatstone bridge--an approach which requires balancing the
      bridge by adjusting variable resistances. However, with the current availability
      of computers and digital precision measuring instruments, the conventional
      calorimeter approach can now be readily replaced by an automated, nonmechanical,
      electrical systems approach called differential calorimetry. The analytical
      theory outlining such an approach is also presented.

PMID- 3702822
TI  - Magnetic resonance fast Fourier imaging.
AB  - A new method for fast magnetic resonance imaging is presented. It provides a more
      rapid data acquisition than two-dimensional Fourier imaging (2DFI) by a factor
      which may be chosen depending on the required signal-to-noise ratio of the image.
      In addition to the readout gradient of 2DFI, the present method employs an
      oscillating modulation gradient. In this way, a curved alternating trajectory in
      k space is sampled after each spin excitation. For a p-times accelerated data
      acquisition, the trajectory consists of p periods, where p is of the order of 2
      to 8 for low-frequency gradient modulation but can be chosen higher if certain
      hardware requirements are met. Adequate sampling density in k space is obtained
      by scanning shifted trajectories after subsequent spin excitations. The method
      can be combined with volume imaging (3DFI) and multiple slice 2DFI. It was
      implemented on a standard Philips Gyroscan system without any hardware
      modifications. Results obtained for an acceleration factor p = 4 are shown.

PMID- 3702823
TI  - Characterization of the point spread function and modulation transfer function of
      scattered radiation using a digital imaging system.
AB  - A digital radiographic system was used to measure the distribution of scattered x
      radiation from uniform slabs of Lucite at various thicknesses. Using collimation
      and air gap techniques, [primary + scatter] images and primary images were
      digitally acquired, and subtracted to obtain scatter images. The scatter
      distributions measured using small circular apertures were computer fit to an
      analytical function, representing the circular aperture function convolved with a
      modified Gaussian point spread function (PSF). On the basis of goodness of fit
      criterion, the proposed Gaussian function is a very good model for the scatter
      PSF. The measured scatter PSF's are reported for various Lucite thicknesses.
      Using the PSF's, the modulation transfer functions are calculated, and this
      spatial frequency information may have value in analytical scatter removal
      techniques, grid design, and air gap optimization.

PMID- 3702824
TI  - Using ion chambers with wedge-shaped absorbers for electron energy measurements.
AB  - A parallel-plate ionization chamber placed behind a wedge-shaped absorber and
      exposed to a radiotherapeutic electron beam exhibits an energy-dependent
      response. Such a device designed to produce a linear energy dependence has been
      built and tested. The device yields results during exposure, and the difficulties
      of film handling, associated with similar procedures, have been eliminated. The
      precision of the device makes it suitable for use as a routine means of
      monitoring energy for quality assurance purposes.

PMID- 3702825
TI  - Performance characteristics of a widely used orthovoltage x-ray therapy machine.
AB  - Experimental results sufficient to provide a data base for the Philips RT 250 x
      ray machine are presented. A representative selection of operating conditions
      covering the working range of the machine from 75 to 250 kVp, were used. Beam
      quality, depth dose data, field flatness, and filtration characteristics were
      studied, and selected results are reported.

PMID- 3702826
TI  - Errors in wedged field isodose distributions.
AB  - A combination of wedged field and beam rotation can result in treatment planning
      errors. A simple formula is given which describes this effect.

PMID- 3702827
TI  - Left intraventricular pressure-impedance diagrams (DPZ) to assess cardiac
      function. Part I: morphology and potential sources of artifacts.
AB  - Left ventricular function can be assessed with pressure-volume diagrams (DPV).
      Since there exists a relationship between ventricular volume changes and changes
      in intraventricular impedance (ZIV), we propose a diagram, DPZ, obtained from the
      intraventricular pressure (PIV) and the ZIV signals. This method was tested in 10
      anesthetized mongrel dogs (morphine, sc, 30 mg/kg, and pentobarbital, sc, 5-7
      mg/kg). PIV was measured with a Millar microtip catheter advanced under
      fluoroscopy via the femoral artery. ZIV was measured with a laboratory impedance
      meter (100 microA rms constant current, 12 kHz) in a tetrapolar configuration
      using another intraventricular catheter. ECG, aortic pressure and basal ZIV were
      also recorded to help identification of the different cardiac cycle phases on the
      diagram. Single-beat and multiple-beat loops were obtained in bradycardia and
      tachycardia to test for repeatability. These loops were always of a quadrangular
      like shape with clockwise rotation. No attempt was made to calibrate the
      impedance axis in terms of volume. Apparent small volume changes in the
      isovolumic phases were probably due to ZIV catheter bending and/or movement. It
      is suggested that DPZ can serve in itself as a complementary evaluation tool of
      ventricular function by application of different maneuvers (physical,
      physiological of pharmacological).

PMID- 3702828
TI  - Left intraventricular pressure-impedance diagrams (DPZ) to assess cardiac
      function. Part II: determination of end-systolic loci.
AB  - By means of tetrapolar intraventricular impedancimetric measurements and by
      modifying the aortic impedance with a brief volume unit step afterload increase,
      with a balloon catheter, we obtained the geometric locus of the end-systolic
      pressure-admittance points (PES-YES) from the beat to beat pressure-impedance
      diagram (DPZ), usually three or four beats after inflation. Six experiments in
      five anesthetized mongrel dogs (average weight 21.6 kg, SD 2.5) were carried out
      under control conditions and after a slow infusion (4 micrograms/kg/min) of
      epinephrine to change the myocardial inotropic state. In control, the PES-YES
      points fell in all cases on a straight line (average correlation 0.968, SD
      0.033). After epinephrine, linearity was still good in four experiments (average
      correlation 0.938, SD 0.059). All animals showed displacements of the regression
      lines after epinephrine with respect to control. However, the direction of the
      shifts was not always consistent: three dogs yielded an upward-leftward shift;
      one showed a crossing point between the two regression lines with an increase in
      slope after epinephrine; in the remaining two experiments (same dog in different
      days), the post-epinephrine regression lines of the pressure-admittance end
      systolic points were displaced downwards and rightwards. Five out of the six
      experiments increased the slopes of the lines after infusion of epinephrine. IN
      CONCLUSION: the method supplied the end-systolic point locus obtained from simple
      cardiac catheterization and this locus was altered by inotropic intervention.

PMID- 3702829
TI  - Cephalometry with a video display computer.
AB  - A new technique to develop cephalometric analyses for orthodontic problems is
      illustrated. A digital analyzer of images is employed in our laboratory, and this
      allows us to get the X-ray picture digitized and displayed on both a black and
      white and a colour TV screen. All the cephalometric points are selected by an
      operator who watches a coloured cross which can be moved on the colour TV screen
      by means of a keyboard. A suitable software was developed to calculate linear and
      angular measurements. The cephalometric coloured lines appear at the top of the X
      ray image and the data are displayed on a monitor, from which a print-out is
      obtained. Such a technique has some advantages: the X-ray image can be processed
      before the cephalometric analysis to enhance details, thus making the analysis
      more accurate; the cephalometric lines can be seen on the X-ray image displayed
      on the colour TV screen and can be photographed or stored on floppy or rigid
      disc.

PMID- 3702830
TI  - Three-channel color generator for vision research.
AB  - A simple, relatively inexpensive technique for adequate stimulation of the visual
      system is described. A combination of continuous interference filters and light
      fibers in one compact instrument allows individual stimulation of the color
      channels with narrow band light in mosaic or homogeneous compositions.
      Effectively all parameters of stimulation may be separately controlled and used
      for studies of Psycho- and Neurophysiology.

PMID- 3702831
TI  - Multichannel tetrapolar admittance meter (MY) for intracardiac volume
      measurements in animals.
AB  - With an 8-electrode catheter, this instrument measures simultaneously five
      intraventricular sections of admittance and, also, total admittance, the latter
      obtained as the sum of five component sections. It injects through the two
      outermost electrodes of the catheter a constant current (828 microA rms) of high
      frequency (14 kHz). Actually, the instrument measures the mathematical inverse of
      the resistive component (conductance) of the impedance seen by the voltage
      sensing electrodes. The sensitivity per channel was adjusted to 25 V/mho,
      resulting in an overall sensitivity of 5.28 V/mho for the total intraventricular
      admittance. Nonlinearity in any single channel was less than or equal to 3.4%
      while, for the total admittance, it was less than or equal to 1.5%. The
      difference between any two individual channels when the same calibration resistor
      was connected, relative to the expected value, was less than or equal to 4.8%.
      The equipment demonstrated good performance in animal experiments and showed the
      possibility of detecting localized dysfunctions. Human applications still remain
      to be done.

PMID- 3702832
TI  - Technical aspects and clinical results of an esophageal pick-up for better
      recording of posteriorly generated heart sounds.
AB  - A miniature esophageal microphone has been constructed. It has a cylindrical
      shape with 5-mm outer diameter and 25-mm length. It is a type of accelerometer
      that detects vibration from the esophageal wall. It has a resonance frequency of
      2.1 kHz and an acceleration charge sensitivity of 2.8 pCm-1s2. The upper limit of
      the useful frequency range is about 1 kHz. It has directional sensitivity which
      reaches a maximum perpendicular to the plane of the crystal. With the esophageal
      microphone cardiovascular sound is recorded simultaneously with other tracings:
      external phonocardiogram, E.C.G., carotid pulse and M-mode echocardiogram. The
      great advantage of the application of the esophageal microphone is that it can be
      positioned in the esophagus close to the mitral valve and the left atrium by use
      of fluoroscopy, so that sounds and murmurs originating from that part of the
      heart are recorded in detail. In a case of a shunt between aorta and pulmonary
      artery the microphone was used at different levels in the esophagus, showing
      different amplitudes of a continuous murmur. In all other cases the probe was
      situated in the esophagus just above the level of the mitral valve behind the
      left atrium. In 2 cases the advantage of the esophageal microphone (revealing
      signs of slight mitral incompetence) over the body surface microphone is shown.
      In 3 patients with artificial valves in the aortic and mitral orifices (where
      left heart catheterisation and left ventricular angiography is a considerable
      risk), the esophageal microphone also improved the postoperative evaluation and
      diagnosis of mitral valve regurgitation considerably.

PMID- 3702833
TI  - [Juvenile hypothyroidism].

PMID- 3702834
TI  - [Recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis in childhood].

PMID- 3702835
TI  - [Essential headache in growing children: illustration of a personal case. I:
      Psychopathologic aspects].

PMID- 3702836
TI  - [Thalassemia major. Presentation of a long-surviving case with numerous
      complications of hemosiderosis (diabetes, dwarfism, hypogonadism, severe
      myocardiopathy, cholelithiasis)].

PMID- 3702837
TI  - [A case of Bourneville's tuberous sclerosis with elephantiasis (caused by
      lymphedema) of the left leg].

PMID- 3702838
TI  - [Fibrodysplasia ossificans. Presentation of a case of exceptional severity].

PMID- 3702839
TI  - [Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in relation to delivery method and gestational age].

PMID- 3702840
TI  - [Trisomy 18 and mosaicism. Description of a clinical case].

PMID- 3702841
TI  - [Partial trisomy 9q: comparison of the syndrome in 2 sisters].

PMID- 3702842
TI  - [Gonadal dysgenesis and Fanconi-like phenotype in a 15.3-year-old girl].

PMID- 3702843
TI  - [Clinical experience with bamifylline in children with asthmatic bronchitis or
      bronchial asthma].

PMID- 3702844
TI  - [Clinico-metabolic study of a new modified milk].

PMID- 3702845
TI  - [New erythrocyte parameters in the study of anemia].

PMID- 3702846
TI  - [Intrauterine exposure to drugs. Analysis of a sample of newborn infants
      pretreated with anticonvulsants].

PMID- 3702847
TI  - Depression in the chronically mentally ill elderly.

PMID- 3702848
TI  - Life tasks and developmental issues of the chronically mentally ill elderly.

PMID- 3702849
TI  - Continuum of care for the chronically mentally ill elderly.

PMID- 3702850
TI  - The use of psychotropic drugs in elderly patients with chronic mental illness.

PMID- 3702851
TI  - Psychiatric symptoms caused by medical illness in the chronically mentally ill
      elderly.

PMID- 3702853
TI  - [86th annual meeting of the Japan Surgical Society. Abstracts].

PMID- 3702852
TI  - Support groups for family caregivers of dementia victims: questions, directions,
      and future research.

PMID- 3702854
TI  - A theoretical study of the binding of phenothiazine derivatives to residues 82-93
      of calmodulin.
AB  - A theoretical study was performed of the interaction of four phenothiazine
      derivatives, promethazine, promazine, trifluopromazine, and trifluoperazine, with
      a fragment (82-93) of calmodulin, held in the alpha-helical conformation. The
      computations were performed in the framework of the SIBFA 2 procedure (sum of
      interactions between fragments computed ab initio), which uses analytical
      formulas based on ab initio self-consistent field computations. The interaction
      energy is the sum of the intermolecular phenothiazine-oligopeptide interaction
      energy and of the separate intramolecular energy variations of the phenothiazine
      and of the side chains of the oligopeptide upon complex formation. The ordering
      of interaction energies of the four investigated phenothiazines parallels the
      ordering of their experimentally measured affinities for calmodulin, with a
      maximum affinity for trifluoperazine. The principal features of the
      trifluoperazine complex are a short hydrogen bond between the piperazinium proton
      and one anionic oxygen of Glu 87, and hydrophobic interactions between the
      piperazinium ring and Val 91 and between the methylene chain and Ala 88, together
      with partial insertion of the phenothiazine ring and the--CF3 substituent between
      Phe 89 and Phe 92.

PMID- 3702855
TI  - Effects of amiloride and ouabain on contractile state, Ca and Na fluxes, and Na
      content in cultured chick heart cells.
AB  - Amiloride has been reported to reduce the positive inotropic and toxic actions of
      cardiac glycosides in patients as well as in experimental animals. To investigate
      the mechanism by which amiloride interacts with glycosides at the cellular level,
      we examined the effect of amiloride and ouabain on cellular Na content and
      uptake, Ca flux via Na-Ca exchange, and contractile state. Amiloride (1 mM)
      reduced cellular Na content by 16% (p less than 0.05) under normal conditions and
      by 45% in the presence of 1 mM ouabain compared to respective control values
      observed in the absence of amiloride. Amiloride (1 mM) reduced the initial rate
      of 45Ca uptake by 40% in ouabain (1 mM)-treated cells. This reduction of 45Ca
      uptake could be mimicked by lowering cellular Na content by 42%. Amiloride (1 mM)
      did not alter significantly the initial rate of 24Na uptake under normal
      conditions but reduced it by 32% in the presence of 3 microM ouabain. Amiloride
      (1 mM) produced a transient increase followed by a gradual decrease in the
      amplitude of cell motion over 60 min to 10% of control level. At other
      concentrations between 0.1 and 3 mM, amiloride produced negative inotropic
      effects only. Amiloride increased the concentration of ouabain needed to produce
      rhythm disturbances and contracture, and reduced Na-free contracture amplitude by
      18%. These results are consistent with the view that amiloride antagonizes the
      arrhythmogenic effects of ouabain by inhibiting the glycoside-induced elevation
      in cellular Na content and, consequently, the increases in [Ca]i that occur via
      Na-dependent pathways. The reduced cellular Na content appears to be due to
      decreased Na influx via Na-H exchange.

PMID- 3702856
TI  - Alteration of cytosine-guanine interactions due to N7 metal cation binding: a
      structure-activity relationship for cisplatin analogues.
AB  - Metal cation binding to N7 of guanine (G) and the resulting altered interaction
      with cytosine (C) were investigated by ab initio quantum chemical calculations
      for the ions Li+, Na+, B+, Be2+, and Mg2+. It was found that the CG H-bonding
      interaction becomes more stable and the stacking interaction less stable as the
      charge density for the ion (ion charge/ionic radius) increases. From this
      observation a hypothesis is presented for a structure-activity relationship,
      which is supported by in vivo animal data, that may permit the design of less
      toxic analogues of the antitumor agent cisplatin.

PMID- 3702857
TI  - Differences in the metabolism and metabolic effects of the carbocyclic adenosine
      analogs, neplanocin A and aristeromycin.
AB  - Neplanocin A and aristeromycin are carbocyclic adenosine analogs that differ only
      in that neplanocin A contains a double bond in the carbocyclic ring, whereas this
      ring in aristeromycin is saturated. We have compared the metabolism and some of
      the metabolic effects of neplanocin A and synthetic (+/-)-aristeromycin (C-Ado)
      in murine leukemia L1210 cells in culture. C-Ado, as shown earlier, was not only
      converted to its own phosphates but also was metabolized to phosphates of
      carbocyclic guanosine. Both rapidly proliferating and slowly proliferating or
      resting cells phosphorylated C-Ado, but C-Ado was not converted to phosphates of
      carbocyclic guanosine in detectable amounts in cells whose growth had reached a
      plateau. When the metabolism of neplanocin and C-Ado was examined in the same
      experiment, both analogs were converted to the triphosphate analogs of ATP; no
      conversion of neplanocin A to the corresponding carbocyclic analogs of guanine
      nucleotides was detected, whereas C-Ado was converted to the carbocyclic analog
      of GTP in amounts that approximated the GTP pool. This difference in metabolism
      was associated with a marked difference in effects of the two analogs on the
      utilization of hypoxanthine and guanine which was inhibited by C-Ado but not by
      neplanocin. The failure of neplanocin A to be converted to analogs of guanine
      nucleotides apparently is the result of poor capacity of its monophosphate to
      serve as a substrate for AMP deaminase; the Vmax for deamination of neplanocin-5'
      monophosphate by this enzyme was only 5% of that for C-Ado monophosphate. In
      contrast, neplanocin A was a better substrate than C-Ado for adenosine deaminase.

PMID- 3702858
TI  - Analogues of chloramphenicol as mechanism-based inactivators of rat liver
      cytochrome P-450: modifications of the propanediol side chain, the p-nitro group,
      and the dichloromethyl moiety.
AB  - The importance of the p-nitro group, the propanediol side chain, and the
      dichloromethyl moiety of chloramphenicol in regulating its effectiveness and
      selectivity as a mechanism-based inactivator of rat liver cytochromes P-450 has
      been examined. 1-p-Nitrophenyl-2-dichloroacetamidoethane, 1-p-nitrophenyl-2
      dibromoacetamidoethane, and 1-phenyl-2-dichloroacetamidoethane were as effective
      as chloramphenicol at inactivating the major phenobarbital-inducible isozyme of
      rat liver cytochrome P-450, whereas 1-p-nitrophenyl-2-difluoroacetamidoethane
      caused no enzyme inactivation. Unlike chloramphenicol, 1-p-nitrophenyl-2
      dichloroacetamidoethane and 1-phenyl-2-dichloroacetamidoethane also inactivated
      the major beta-naphthoflavone-inducible isozyme of rat liver cytochrome P-450.
      Alkaline hydrolysis of the adducts formed upon in vitro incubation of liver
      microsomes from phenobarbital- and beta-naphthoflavone-induced rats with [14C]-1
      p-nitrophenyl-2-dichloroacetamidoethane resulted in the release of 4-nitro-1
      phenethyl-1,2-dicarboxylic acid amide and oxalic acid. Enzymatic digests of the
      radio-labeled protein produced by incubation of a reconstituted system containing
      the major isozymes induced by beta-naphthoflavone or phenobarbital with [14C]-1-p
      nitrophenyl-2-dichloroacetamidoethane led to the release of 4-nitro-1-phenethyl
      1,2-dicarboxylic acid amide and 4-nitro-1-phenethyl oxamyl lysine. These results
      suggest that a single oxamyl chloride intermediate is responsible for the
      covalent modification and, hence, inactivation of both isozymes by 1-p
      nitrophenyl-2-dichloroacetamidoethane.

PMID- 3702859
TI  - Hydroxylation of p-nitrophenol by rabbit ethanol-inducible cytochrome P-450
      isozyme 3a.
AB  - The hydroxylation of p-nitrophenol to 4-nitrocatechol was investigated using
      rabbit hepatic microsomes and six purified isozymes of cytochrome P-450. The
      microsomal activity was maximal at pH 6.8 and at 100 microM p-nitrophenol. At
      higher substrate concentrations inhibition was observed. At pH 6.8 and 100 microM
      p-nitrophenol, isozyme 3a exhibited the highest activity of the purified
      isozymes: 3.4-fold more active than isozyme 6, and 8-fold more active than
      isozymes 2 and 4. The isozyme 3a-catalyzed hydroxylation reaction was stimulated
      2.4-fold by the addition of a 4:1 ratio of cytochrome b5/P-450. At optimal
      concentrations of cytochrome b5, isozyme 3a was 8- to 9-fold more active than
      isozymes 2 and 6 and 20-fold more active than isozyme 4. Under the same
      conditions, isozyme 3a-catalyzed butanol oxidation was inhibited 40%. Antibodies
      to isozyme 3a inhibited greater than 95% of the p-nitrophenol hydroxylase
      activity of microsomes from untreated or from ethanol- or acetone-treated
      rabbits. The microsomal hydroxylase activity was linearly correlated with the
      microsomal concentration of isozyme 3a (correlation coefficient of 0.94) and had
      an intercept near zero. The results from reconstitution, antibody inhibition, and
      correlation experiments indicate that isozyme 3a is the principal catalyst of
      rabbit microsomal p-nitrophenol hydroxylation. The ability of the ethanol
      inducible isozyme to catalyze catechol formation may be important in the ethanol
      enhanced toxicity of aromatic compounds such as benzene.

PMID- 3702860
TI  - Mechanisms of action of inhibitors of prolactin secretion in GH3 pituitary cells.
      I. Ca2+-dependent inhibition of amino acid incorporation.
AB  - Post-transcriptional protein synthesis by GH3 cloned pituitary cells, which
      secrete prolactin and growth hormone, is dependent on Ca2+. The effects of
      antagonists of prolactin secretion were examined on overall protein synthesis in
      GH3 cells as a function of cellular Ca2+ depletion and restoration at varying
      concentrations of extracellular Ca2+. Leucine incorporation by Ca2+-depleted
      cells during short incubations was reduced by 80-90%. Trifluoperazine at
      micromolar concentrations inhibited leucine incorporation in a Ca2+-dependent
      manner. The extent of inhibition varied with extracellular Ca2+ concentration and
      was fully reversed at higher Ca2+ concentrations. Similar patterns of inhibition
      of leucine incorporation were observed with nifedipine, verapamil, calmidazolium,
      chlorpromazine, bromocriptine, ergotamine, and the (+)- and (-)-isomers of
      butaclamol, but dopamine, apomorphine, and chlorpromazine sulfoxide were not
      inhibitory. Muscarinic agonists decreased incorporation in a Ca2+-dependent
      manner, but lesser degrees of inhibition were obtained. Inhibitions were observed
      for a broad spectrum of polypeptide species, could not be explained by effects on
      Mg2+ availability or amino acid uptake, and were rapidly and fully reversed by
      Ca2+. Production of prolactin and growth hormone was decreased by secretory
      inhibitors to the same extent and with the same Ca2+ concentration dependence as
      was observed for inhibition of amino acid incorporation. It is proposed that
      these substances inhibit protein synthesis in GH3 cells through alterations in
      intracellular Ca2+ metabolism rather than through mechanisms mediated by
      calmodulin or dopamine receptors.

PMID- 3702861
TI  - The binding of the anthelmintic pyrvinium cation to deoxyribonucleic acid in
      vitro.
AB  - Pyrvinium pamoate, an anthelmintic drug with mutagenic activity, binds to duplex
      DNA in vitro. Binding markedly enhances the intrinsic fluorescence of the drug,
      permitting a characterization of the binding reaction to be performed directly
      through fluorimetric analysis. The monopyrvinium salt, pyrvinium iodide, binds
      cooperatively to native calf thymus DNA with an intrinsic binding constant of 1.1
      X 10(4) M-1 as determined fluorimetrically and 1.4 X 10(4) M-1 as determined by
      equilibrium dialysis. The respective binding site was estimated to be 2.5 base
      pairs. A change in the absorption of bound drug as a function of the binding
      ratio identifies secondary, nonfluorescent binding which is essentially ionic in
      character. The binding of pyrvinium removes negative supercoils from PM2-ccc-DNA
      with an experimental efficiency greater than that observed for the intercalating
      drug chloroquine. Electron microscopy shows that molecules of pBR322 DNA treated
      with pyrvinium increase in length by as much as 18% over controls, consistent
      with an increase in DNA base pair separation upon binding. The evidence indicates
      that the primary interaction of pyrvinium with DNA involves intercalation.

PMID- 3702862
TI  - Quantitative structure-activity relationships and molecular graphics in ligand
      receptor interactions: amidine inhibition of trypsin.
AB  - Quantitative structure-activity relationships have been formulated for four sets
      of amidine inhibitors of trypsin. The quantitative results from these equations
      are compared with qualitative models constructed from the X-ray crystallographic
      coordinates of a benzamidine bound to trypsin. The good agreement between the
      mathematical and graphics models provides further support for the use of
      substituent constants and regression analysis in the study of enzyme-ligand
      interactions.

PMID- 3702863
TI  - The binding of L-[3H]nicotine to a single class of high affinity sites in rat
      brain membranes.
AB  - The binding of optically pure L-[3H]nicotine to rat brain membrane preparations
      was studied using a rapid filtration method. The binding properties observed
      depended on the method used for tissue isolation. The most consistent results
      were obtained with membranes prepared in the presence of protease inhibitors,
      without divalent cations. Binding was saturable, reversible, and stereospecific.
      Scatchard analysis revealed a single class of high affinity sites with an average
      KD of 2 nM and a Bmax of approximately 200 fmol/mg of protein. The Hill
      coefficient was near unity. The KD calculated from the kinetic rate constants for
      association (k1 = 0.012 min-1 nM-1) and dissociation (k-1 = 0.04 min-1) was
      around 3 nM, in good agreement with the dissociation constant determined from
      equilibrium binding. In competition studies, cholinergic agonists were generally
      the most effective in inhibiting L-[3H]nicotine binding, whereas antagonists were
      relatively ineffective. The D-isomer of nicotine was about 60-fold less potent
      than the L-isomer in inhibiting binding. The results were unaffected by
      temperature, with the exception that Bmax was somewhat lower at 37 degrees. The
      equilibrium binding properties of these sites were essentially identical in adult
      male and female brain. However, Bmax was lower in fetal brain tissue. The present
      findings are consistent with the idea that there is a single class of high
      affinity nicotinic binding sites in rat brain with cholinoceptive properties.

PMID- 3702864
TI  - [Standard structures in protein molecules. I. Alpha-beta hairpins].
AB  - Structures formed by consecutive alpha-helices and beta-strands which are packed
      approximately antiparallel into alpha-beta-hairpins are considered. It is shown
      that there is a limited number of standard conformations for the alpha-beta
      hairpins having not more than six peptide units in connecting regions. The
      features of the amino acid sequences encoding the alpha-beta-hairpins are
      analyzed. It is shown that each standard alpha-beta-hairpin has a strictly
      definite order of hydrophobic, hydrophilic and glycine residues in the sequence.

PMID- 3702865
TI  - [Standard structures in protein molecules. II. Beta-alpha hairpins].
AB  - Standard conformations of polypeptide chains folded into beta-alpha-hairpins are
      considered in the paper. It is shown that there is a limited number of standard
      beta-alpha-hairpins having relatively short connections in the proteins and each
      beta-alpha-hairpin has a strictly definite order of hydrophobic, hydrophilic and
      glycine residues in the amino acid sequence coding for it.

PMID- 3702866
TI  - [Conformational aspects of beta-trypsin interactions with substrates and
      pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. II. Structure of tetrahedral adducts and
      acylenzyme].
AB  - Theoretical conformational analysis of the tetrahedral complexes of trypsin with
      the N-acetyl-L-lysine methyl amide, which are formed at the acylation and the
      deacylation stages of the catalytical act has been carried out. The lowest energy
      conformations are shown to be productive ones. All favorable structures of N
      acetyl-L-lysyl-trypsin and N-acetyl-L-arginyl-trypsin acylenzymes have been
      analysed. The global conformations of both complexes are found to be very similar
      with the structures providing for a transition to the second tetrahedral state.
      Conformations of the nonbonded, tetrahedral and acyl complexes with N-acetyl-L
      lysine methyl amide are compared and the differences in orientation of atomic
      groups participating in the catalysis are revealed. All changes of optimal
      structures of the complexes indispensable for the catalytical process are shown
      to proceed in a spontaneous way without introduction of any intramolecular
      strain.

PMID- 3702867
TI  - [Conformational aspects of beta-trypsin interaction with substrates and
      pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. III. Catalytic act of trypsin and its inhibition].
AB  - Basing on the results of the theoretical conformational analysis of the nonbonded
      and valence complexes of trypsin with substrate molecules, the catalytical act of
      the enzyme is described in details as a spontaneous process. Conformational
      aspects of interactions of trypsin with pancreatic trypsin inhibitor are
      analysed. The complete inhibition process and the geometry of the enzyme
      inhibitor complex are described in details. The point amino acid replacements,
      which will provide for an exclusion of BPTI inhibition and will radically change
      the specificity of the enzyme are proposed.

PMID- 3702868
TI  - [Electron structure of the heme of reduced cytochrome P450 and P420 from the data
      of low-temperature magnetic circular dichroism].
AB  - Magnetic circular dichroism spectra (MCD) of reduced cytochromes P450 and P420
      from rabbit liver microsomes have been recorded and analyzed for the 350-600 nm
      spectral region in the temperature interval from 2 to 290 K. The shape, intensity
      and temperature dependence of the MCD of reduced P450 in the Soret region are
      quite different from that of other high-spin ferrous hemoproteins, whose heme
      iron is coordinated to the imidazole of histidine (deoxymyoglobin,
      deoxyhemoglobin, reduced peroxidase and cytochrome c oxidase). Assuming that in
      the reduced P450 as well as in its CO-complex the protein-derived ligand is
      mercaptide (RS-) the differences can be explained by the existence of two
      electronic transitions in the Soret region: the common for hemoproteins pi----pi
      porphyrin transition and sulfur to porphyrin charge-transfer transition, p+(Sp)--
      -eg (pi). The unusual spectral characteristics of the CO-complex of P450 have
      been ascribed earlier to strong configurational interaction of these two
      transitions. From the similarities of the Soret MCD and their temperature
      dependences for the reduced P420 and for other high-spin ferrous hemoproteins one
      can conclude that heme iron of the reduced P420 is high-spin and is coordinated
      to the imidazole of histidine. The zero-field splitting parameter D of the spin
      Hamiltonian has been estimated from the MCD temperature dependences. The obtained
      splitting of approximately 30 cm-1 for P450 and of approximately 10 cm-1 for P420
      exceeds that for myoglobin and hemoglobin (approximately 5 cm-1).

PMID- 3702869
TI  - [Comparison of the heme electron state of reduced cytochrome P450 and P420 in
      equilibrium and non-equilibrium protein conformations. The nature of the protein
      heme ligand].
AB  - Magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectra of reduced cytochromes P450 and P420 in
      equilibrium and non-equilibrium protein conformations are compared at 4.2 K for
      the 350-800 spectral region. Non-equilibrium forms have been produced by
      photolysis of CO-complexes at 4.2 K. The differences between MCD spectra of
      proteins in equilibrium and non-equilibrium conformations, in particular for the
      visible region, show clearly the structural changes in the heme iron coordination
      sphere to occur on ligand binding. The comparison of the Soret MCD spectra of
      reduced proteins in their equilibrium and non-equilibrium forms with those of
      other high-spin ferrous hemoproteins suggest that mercaptide (RS-) is the protein
      ligand of the heme iron in reduced P450, as well as in its CO-complex, and that
      imidazole of histidine is the fifth ligand of the iron both in reduced P420 and
      its CO-complex. The thermal recombination of the photoproducts with CO have been
      studied. When temperature rises from 4.2 to 77 K for two hours both proteins have
      similar temperature characteristics during the recombination processes. The
      recombination begins at T approximately equal to 10 K and is completed at
      approximately equal to 50 K. The temperature at which half of the total
      photolyzed molecules are restored to the CO-form is equal to 25 K. For products
      of photolysis of CO-complexes of myoglobin and hemoglobin under the same heating
      conditions these temperatures are equal to 35 and 23 K respectively. Thus, the
      photoproducts of P450, P420 and hemoglobin have similar parameters of low
      temperature recombination and the kinetics of this process is faster than for
      photodissociated myoglobin.

PMID- 3702870
TI  - [alphaC domains of fibrinogen molecules as the structures accelerating fibrin
      assembly].
AB  - Preparation of monomeric fibrin lacking intact alpha C-domains (monomeric X1
      fragment), but fully clottable, is described. The assembly process of both
      monomeric fibrin and monomeric X1-fragment has been studied by electron
      microscopy and light scattering methods. It was shown that both proteins form
      similar fibrils with characteristic cross-banding. Upon dilution a sharp
      elevation of the differences between the assembly rates of monomeric X1-fragment
      and monomeric fibrin was revealed. The results obtained show that alpha C-domains
      take part in fibrin clot formation not as structural components but as the factor
      accelerating the ordered assembly of complex fibrin structure. The possible
      mechanism of alpha C-domains participation in fibrin clot formation are regarded.

PMID- 3702871
TI  - [Heme-heme interactions in circular dichroism spectra].
AB  - Using the theory of optical activity by Kirkwood and Tinoco, the CD spectra of
      the heme peptides in mono- and dimeric forms have been calculated according to
      the simple spectral model of heme of Simpson.

PMID- 3702872
TI  - [Changes in the ultrastructure of inactive circular nucleoli from mature rat
      lymphocytes at early stages of blast transformation].
AB  - We studied the ultrastructure of lymphocyte nucleoli from rat peripheral blood
      within the first 6 hrs of their cultivation in the presence of
      phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). In the mixed population of intact lymphocytes there
      were observed several types of nucleoli, the localization and the ratio of
      individual nucleolar components being different. This seems to reflect functional
      peculiarities of these nucleoli. Some nucleoli are characteristic of the presence
      of several sites of intranucleolar condensed chromatin. However, all these
      nucleoli could be related to the so-called ring-shaped nucleoli with a fibrillar
      center surrounded by fibrillar and granular RNP-components, which points out to
      their low synthetic activity. The major changes in the nucleoli of stimulated
      lymphocytes were observed after the action of PHA within 1 hr. These changes were
      expressed in the elevation of electron density of the fibrillar centre and the
      loss by it of clear borders and correct shape, in the appearance of large zones
      of the dense fibrillar component with acquired an increased electron density, and
      also in the disappearance of condensed chromatin sites. By that time, there was
      revealed a peculiar shape of nucleoli with a "fragmented" fibrillar centre and
      the presence of vacuoles and strands consisting of fibrillar and granular RNP
      components. The different types of changed nucleoli in the population of
      stimulated lymphocytes seem to be the consequence of a gradual transition of ring
      shaped nucleoli to active nucleolonema-like ones. So, it is obvious that changes
      in the ultrastructure of nucleoli occur already by 1 hr after the PHA action.
      This points out to the intensification of pre-rRNA transcription that takes place
      by that time.

PMID- 3702873
TI  - Characterization of the serotype e polysaccharide antigen of Streptococcus
      mutans.
AB  - The structure of the Streptococcus mutans serotype e polysaccharide was studied
      in order to determine the chemical basis of the immunological cross-reactions
      observed between it and the streptococcal group E polysaccharide. The chemical
      structure was established using methylation analysis, periodate oxidation,
      partial methanolysis and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The polysaccharide was found to
      consist of a polyrhamnose backbone of alternating 2- and 3-linked alpha-L
      rhamnose units and sidechain beta-D-glucosyl units linked to the 2-position of
      rhamnose units in the backbone. This structure of the oligosaccharide repeating
      unit of the S. mutans serotype e polysaccharide was identical to that of the
      group-specific polysaccharide of group E Streptococcus. Possible explanations for
      the previously reported differences in these two polysaccharides are discussed.

PMID- 3702874
TI  - Purification and characterization of IgE produced by human myeloma cell line,
      U266.
AB  - Human IgE was isolated for the first time from the supernatant of the culture
      fluid of a human myeloma cell line, U266. The purification procedure consisted of
      salting out from the supernatant with ammonium sulfate, affinity chromatography
      on a lysine-Sepharose 4B column, ion exchange chromatography on a DEAE-Sephacel
      column, gel filtration and recycling chromatography on a Sephacryl S-300 column
      and removal of bovine proteins on an anti-bovine serum rabbit IgG-Sepharose 4B
      column. One hundred and twenty eight milligrams of IgE was recovered from 461 of
      culture fluid. The purification was extremely simplified by the introduction of
      immunoaffinity chromatography using the monoclonal antibody prepared by
      immunizing a mouse with an IgE preparation obtained by the above method: about
      3.3 mg was recovered from 960 ml of culture fluid. The purified preparation was
      homogeneous as judged by the double-immunodiffusion test and end group analysis.
      The amino acid and carbohydrate compositions of the preparation coincided with
      those reported on other preparations obtained from the sera of myeloma patients.
      Our preparation, however, showed two bands with apparent mol. wts of 240,000 and
      230,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. When it was
      reduced with dithiothreitol and analyzed by electrophoresis, it gave two heavy
      chains and one light chain with apparent mol. wts of 80,000 and 76,000, and
      28,000, respectively. On the other hand, the IgE molecule that was synthesized
      and secreted into the medium in the presence of tunicamycin (0.5 microgram/ml)
      gave only one heavy chain and one light chain with apparent mol. wts of 62,000
      and 28,000, respectively. These results demonstrated that the two IgE molecular
      species contained in our preparation differed from each other in the carbohydrate
      moiety in their heavy chains.

PMID- 3702875
TI  - Use of synthetic peptides in the production and characterization of antibodies
      directed against predetermined specificities in rat immunoglobulin E.
AB  - Two peptides, P123 and P124, representing amino acid sequences His 542-Lys 557
      and Tyr 459-Arg 472, respectively, of the CH4 domain of rat IgE and predicted to
      be located on accessible regions of the protein were synthesized by a solid-phase
      procedure. Rabbits were immunized with the peptides conjugated to KLH and their
      antisera were tested for reactivity with free peptide and rat IgE by inhibition
      ELISA. Each animal produced antibodies which reacted specifically with its
      immunizing peptide (titre greater than 1/62,500), but not with other synthetic
      peptides of similar chain-length and composition. Antisera directed against
      peptides P123 and P124 specifically bound purified rat IgE (IR 162) and IgE in
      whole myeloma serum (greater than 1/6400), but showed no reaction with normal rat
      serum proteins and only very low binding to purified human IgE. In addition the
      binding of anti-peptide sera to rat IgE could be completely inhibited with either
      homologous peptide or purified rat IgE, but not by other peptides or purified
      human IgE. Heating rat IgE for 1 hr at 56 degrees C enhanced its binding to anti
      peptide antibodies by between 4- and 60-fold, but markedly reduced its reactivity
      with a rabbit anti-rat IgE (Fc) serum. These results suggest that antibodies
      directed against the synthetic peptides employed recognize and specifically bind
      to sites within the CH4 domain of rat IgE represented by their respective
      immunizing peptides. Furthermore, these antibodies are capable of detecting
      subtle alterations in structural conformation resulting from heating at 56
      degrees C. Epitopes represented by peptides P123 and P124 may contribute to the
      heat-sensitive cytophilic region of rat IgE.

PMID- 3702876
TI  - Production and characterization of a rat monoclonal antibody against leu5
      enkephalin.
AB  - A rat X mouse hybridoma line producing a monoclonal antibody against leu5
      enkephalin has been obtained. The monoclonal antibody belongs to the IgG2b class
      and has an affinity constant of 8.0 X 10(8) M-1 at 4 degrees C. This antibody
      exhibits approximately 40% cross-reactivity with 1-6 dynorphin but very weak
      cross-reactivities with met5 enkephalin (1.4%), 1-13 dynorphin (1.3%) and beta
      endorphin (0.0045%). The detailed study, by competitive assay, of the interaction
      between this antibody and various enkephalin derivatives shows that the carboxy
      terminal part of the molecule and, particularly, the leu side chain constitutes
      the immunodominant group. Nevertheless, the tyrosyl residue also contribute
      considerably to the binding, probably via a peculiar conformation effect,
      although we can not exclude the tyrosyl residue acting as a secondary contact
      residue. This monoclonal antibody has been used in a radioimmunoassay to
      determine leu5 enkephalin like immunoreactive material present in rat brain and
      hypothalamus.

PMID- 3702877
TI  - [Dermatitis solaris in newborn infants following phototherapy with a halogenide
      radiation unit].
AB  - Two cases of dermatitis solaris in newborns after phototherapy with a halide
      burner gave reason to measure the UV-B radiation emitted by the instrument used.
      Values between 0.8 microW/cm2 and 1.8 microW/cm2 were found. In small areas under
      the lamp housing the intensities of the UV-B radiation reached up to 10
      microW/cm2. These high intensities are caused by the design of the lamp housing.
      Especially in connection with aluminium foil used to increase the efficacy of the
      therapy skin leasons as described may be produced.

PMID- 3702878
TI  - [Experiences with 2-dimensional Doppler echocardiography in children with
      congenital and acquired heart defects].
AB  - In patients with congenital and acquired heart disease clinical applications of
      Two dimensional Doppler Echocardiography were discussed, and the literature was
      reviewed. Clinical applications and limitations in patients with congenital and
      acquired heart disease were discussed. Different views of the combined two
      dimensional echo and pulsed wave Doppler transducer are proposed: The apical four
      chamber view was used to measure inflow velocities into both ventricles, the
      apical two chambers view to get signals from the left ventricular outflow tract
      (sometimes a suprasternal or a subxiphoidal approach was necessary). Right
      ventricular outflow was obtained from a short axis parasternal view. For the
      spectrum of the descending aorta a subxiphoidal cross sectional plane was used.
      The typical Doppler images for stenotic valves, regurgitations, shunts,
      coarctations and total anomalous pulmonary veins were shown. Calculations of
      stroke volume, flows, shunts and pressure-gradients were discussed. Potential
      misinterpretation sources as touching valves or walls by the sample volume, and
      wrong settings of filters and gain systems, as well as limitations of the
      equipment were described.

PMID- 3702879
TI  - [Klinefelter syndrome: is early diagnosis by screening study necessary?].
AB  - Diagnostic procedures and care for patients diagnosed as Klinefelter's syndrome,
      as well as the patients' coping with this situation, are examined on the basis of
      two case reports. Specifically, the screening for X-chromatin positive males
      (buccal smear) is considered. Besides necessary diagnostic procedures as careful
      somatopsychological examination remains of utmost importance. In cases with
      etiologically unclear and genetically not explainable learning disabilities,
      especially with reduced capacity for verbalization, the sex-chromatin examination
      is indicated. Because of its possible effect as a "self-fulfilling prophecy", a
      newborn screening is not recommended. Treatment and care should take into account
      all aspects of somatic and psychic datas. Educational and supportive
      psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy (Testosteron) should be combined. Co-operation
      should be interdisciplinary.

PMID- 3702880
TI  - [Intracranial hemorrhages in mature and premature infants. Computer tomography
      and clinical follow-up studies].
AB  - The findings of CT-follow-up-studies on a group of 94 infants, who had suffered
      intracranial hemorrhage, were correlated with the clinical and neurological
      outcome. Purpose of the retrospective study was to work out prognostic criteria
      dependent on the typ and location of the hemorrhage. Among the infants with
      intraventricular hemorrhage, there was a direct relationship between the severity
      of the hemorrhage and major handicaps on the one hand and the mortality rate on
      the other hand. Neurologic sequelae were noted in 16.5% of the infants with
      tentorial hemorrhages, in 56% of the infants with intracerebral hemorrhages and
      37.5% of the infants with subarachnoid hemorrhages. Our results indicate, that
      the outcome of infants with intracranial hemorrhages is not dependent on the typ
      and severity of the bleeding only, but is also influenced by additional factors,
      like perinatal asphyxia.

PMID- 3702881
TI  - [Late results following 2d and 3d degree burns in childhood with special
      reference to the Lorthioir-Thielen method of debridement].

PMID- 3702882
TI  - [Immunoreactive neurotensin in children with gastrointestinal diseases].
AB  - Neurotensin is a 13-amino acid hormonal peptide, localized to specific areas in
      both the brain and gastrointestinal tract of many mammalian species. It has been
      described as causing a wide variety of central and peripheral actions. At present
      there is almost no information concerning the possible physiological and
      pathophysiological significance of this peptide especially in childhood.
      Therefore we investigated plasma concentrations of neurotensin-like
      immunoreactivity in 113 healthy and 103 children suffering from various
      gastrointestinal diseases. The fasting levels (48.7 +/- 17.4 pg/ml) were slightly
      lower (p less than 0.05) than our postprandial concentrations (72.9 +/- 28.1
      pg/ml) 2-3 hours after breakfast. There was no age distribution. Significantly
      elevated levels were found in CF-patients (185.4 +/- 96.1 pg/ml; p less than
      0.0001) and three children with active coeliac disease (252.3 pg/ml), whereas
      patients with Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and abdominal pain had normal
      values. Children after large bowel resection showed elevated plasma levels of
      neurotensin-like immunoreactivity (87.3 +/- 36.4 pg/ml), however, the differences
      were not significant.

PMID- 3702883
TI  - [Varicella and herpes zoster].
AB  - The identity of the virus for herpes zoster and chickenpox has long been guessed
      by pediatricians and eventually proven in 1958. The patients are infectious 2
      days before the rash appears until 7 days later. Specific antibodies are found 2
      days after the rash appeared. Varicella induce life long immunity which can
      weaken in old age or during immuno suppressive therapy, so that reactivation of
      the virus, most likely located in the spinal ganglia, causes the clinical
      symptoms of herpes zoster. About 7% of women in child-bearing age have no
      antibodies against the virus. Varicella during pregnancy may induce abortion or
      especially during the first 3 months severe embryopathies with organic lesions.
      Therefore young women who have not had the illness should be tested along with
      the test for rubella-antibodies, and subsequently vaccinated, at least 3 months
      before any planned pregnancy. The rather expensive varicella vaccination is
      justified in immunodeficient patients without varicella-antibodies, or in
      patients under immunosuppressive therapy without varicella-antibodies (minimal
      requirements of 1200 lymphocytes, interruption of cytostatics one week before and
      until 1 week after the vaccination, no irradiation for 3 months), or in women
      planning pregnancy, personnel caring for pregnant women or personnel who has no
      antibodies in intensive-care units for hematological-onkological patients.

PMID- 3702884
TI  - [Gastrin, secretin, VIP and motilin in children with mucoviscidosis and Crohn
      disease].
AB  - The number of peptide hormones which have been localized in the gut and in
      neurons of the central and peripheral nervous system has increased considerably.
      As there is almost no information about their importance in children with
      gastrointestinal diseases, we developed highly sensitive radioimmunoassays and
      measured postprandial serum/plasma levels of gastrin, secretin, vasoactive
      intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and motilin in 112 healthy children (N), 28 patients
      with cystic fibrosis (CF) and 17 children with Crohn's disease (CD). Gastrin
      values were not pathologic in children with CF nor those with Crohn's disease (N
      = 56.2 +/- 29.6 pg/ml; CF = 57.0 +/- 34.2 pg/ml; CD = 43.6 +/- 26.6 pg/ml). A
      significant age dependency was established for secretin and VIP. These peptides
      were elevated in CF-patients. In children with Crohn's disease only Secretin was
      increased. Motilin was elevated in all patients: N = 78.0 (49.1-124.0) pg/ml; CF
      = 148.0 (70.8-309) pg/ml; CD = 153.0 (87.6-266).

PMID- 3702885
TI  - [Psychological sequelae of abortion based on fetal indications].
AB  - Prenatal diagnosis is based on the concept of selective abortion. The termination
      of a pregnancy for genetic reasons means a great emotional loss followed by grief
      and mourning. The case reports of two women are presented, who chose to abort
      after the prenatal diagnosis of trisomy X. One of them showed psychological and
      psychosomatic symptoms as a sign of a pathological grief reaction. The depth of
      her grief is also shown by the published empirical investigations. Four analogous
      situations are discussed: abortion for psychosocial reasons, miscarriage,
      stillbirth and the death of premature or newborn babies. In comparison, the
      specific aspects of abortion for genetic reasons are: the intensive relationship
      to the child at the time of termination; the strains and anxiety engendered
      during pregnancy by medical investigations; the conflict situation without a
      simple solution; the personal decision and responsibility for the abortion; the
      compounded task of grieving and dealing with feelings of guilt. A routine follow
      up for the affected women would be desirable.

PMID- 3702886
TI  - [Tuberculosis of the knee joint in a BCG-vaccinated child].
AB  - The case of a 17-month-old boy with tuberculosis of the knee is presented.
      Problems in diagnosis and treatment of this uncommon joint disease are pointed
      out. This complication is becoming nearly unknown, so that nowadays the diagnosis
      and therapy are almost regularly delayed. In every case of disease of the knee
      all diagnostic methods have to be used to recognize it. In this case, 5 months of
      therapy elsewhere passed before the diagnosis was made at a surgical exploration
      with biopsy of the joint. After drainage, inmobilisation and chemotherapy the
      healing was uneventful. The patient has no complaints and has full range movement
      of the knee 1/2 year after the end of therapy.

PMID- 3702887
TI  - [Acute skin damage caused by "X-prep"].

PMID- 3702888
TI  - [Prospective observation study on the clinical course of chronic juvenile
      arthritis (JCA)].
AB  - A non-randomized follow-up study of 106 children with juvenile chronic arthritis
      was conducted for two years starting from the onset of the disease. All subgroups
      - with the exception of seropositive polyarthritis - showed a decrease in the
      number of joints affected, and activity of the disease in a number of patients.
      Instant remission and therapeutic effects cannot distinctly be differentiated.
      Radiological changes are proper criteria for early diagnosis in children with
      intense progressive joint-findings. X-ray examinations of the joints affected are
      therefore indicated at regular intervals especially, in the seropositive,
      occasionally in the seronegative polyarthritic subgroup.

PMID- 3702889
TI  - [Parental and childhood height development. Corrected percentile standards for
      German children between the age of 2 and 9].
AB  - The conventional centile standards allow a judgement of children's height
      according to age-groups. It is equally important, however, to take the parental
      height into consideration. In 1970 Tanner ascertained for the British population
      the correlation between children's height and the mid-parent height (i.e. the
      average of father's and mother's height). From these results he set up centile
      standards that allow the judgement of children's height at successive ages in
      terms of the mid-parent height. Several conditions should be fulfilled for their
      application within other populations: identical correlation coefficients of
      parents' and children's heights which were shown in Tanner's international study;
      the accordance of the average height and the standard deviations, respectively,
      of children in each of the age groups as well as the conformity of the mid-parent
      height. Our investigations showed that the 3 parameters which were last mentioned
      differed from those of the British population. Therefore, proper standards for
      correction were set up. The calculations were worked out for children at ages 2
      to 9 years. The methodical procedure will be shown in detail. The correction
      standards allow a statement as to whether the height of a child can be classified
      as normal or not within the framework of his family. This is particularly
      advantageous in regards to the diagnostic clarification of short stature, since
      it is often due to constitutional, genetic factors; if, for example, according to
      age the height of a five-year-old boy as well as the mid-parent height coincide
      at the 3rd centile, then the child's height centile will be 32nd. in
      consideration of these hereditary components. So the differential diagnosis of
      genetic short stature is made considerably more straightforward by the use of the
      present charts.

PMID- 3702890
TI  - [Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in children and adolescents].
AB  - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is a relatively new blood
      purification method applicable as an alternative to intermittent hemodialysis in
      the treatment of end-stage renal disease. In this report we discussed the results
      of more than five years of CAPD in 32 children and adolescents aged 0.1 to 18
      years treated for up to 22 months as well as the advantages and disadvantages of
      this technique in comparison to hemodialysis. Technical survival after one year
      of treatment increased from 48% in patients treated before 1983 to 84% in
      patients treated thereafter. Simplicity of technical procedure and lack of pain
      are considered the major advantages. Thus home dialysis can be performed even
      under adverse conditions (e.g. in infants). Infections of the abdominal cavity
      and the catheter tunnel are severe complications of CAPD. In the course of the
      last two years the frequency of peritonitis dropped to one episode per treatment
      year. We want to stress that successful treatment can be achieved by adequately
      training patients and their parents to perform home dialysis on their own and by
      surveying patients regularly according to standardized treatment guidelines in a
      pediatric nephrology unit.

PMID- 3702891
TI  - [Exchange transfusion via a peripheral arteriovenous vascular access in premature
      infants].
AB  - Exchange transfusions were performed in two very low birth weight infants using
      peripheral arteries and veins. Patient 1, a 1020 g infant of 34 weeks gestation
      developed cholestatic jaundice with plasmatic coagulation disturbance and
      hyperkalemia, patient 2 a 820 g preterm baby of 26 weeks gestation manifested
      hyperbilirubinemia. After cannulation of the radial artery blood was withdrawn
      from the arterial catheter, while simultaneously equal volumes of warmed donor
      blood were replaced by a second operator through a venous catheter. Subependymal
      hemorrhage which was demonstrated by ultrasound in both patients prior to the
      exchange transfusion did not enlarge.

PMID- 3702892
TI  - [Follow-up of a pediatric prolactin-producing hypophyseal tumor].
AB  - At the age of 10 years a prolactin-producing pituitary tumor was diagnosed in a
      boy now aged 16 1/2 years. After surgical removal with a relapse after 1 year, a
      second surgical intervention and pituitary radiation were necessary. In the cause
      of further hyperprolactinemia, Pravidel treatment (Bromocriptine) was started
      with success. After 4 1/2 years medical treatment was discontinued for 1 week,
      but remains of active tumor tissue activity with increased prolactin
      concentrations were found, so that further treatment with Pravidel is necessary.

PMID- 3702893
TI  - [Femur head necrosis in sickle cell anemia].
AB  - The clinical course and therapy of femoral head necrosis after a minimal trauma
      in a 14 year old Turkish girl with sickle cell anemia is described. In this
      hemoglobinopathy one must be aware of complicated clinical courses even after
      minor accidents. The immediate start of therapy in an acute crisis and the early
      diagnosis of bone infarction and femoral head necrosis are necessary to avoid
      large bone defects.

PMID- 3702894
TI  - [A diagnostic problem: hearing disorder in childhood].
AB  - Hearing losses of different etiology can impair the individual development during
      the entire childhood. Especially moderate hearing losses are difficult to
      diagnose because they rather present as speech or learning disorders. From the
      paedaudiologist's view methods are printed out for an early detection of hearing
      loss during childhood.

PMID- 3702896
TI  - Analysis of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in familial and sporadic multiple
      sclerosis.
AB  - The levels of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were calculated in 17 multiple
      sclerosis (MS) patients (14 familial and 3 sporadic cases) and 16 healthy
      controls matched for sex and age. The SCEs were significantly increased for MS
      patients (p = 0.0002), while there was no statistically significant difference
      between men and women and between younger and older subjects in both groups. Such
      factors as familial occurrence and severity of MS, smoking habits, and
      distribution of lymphocyte subpopulations were discussed. Although there was a
      significant difference between the MS patients taking medication and the patients
      taking none (p = 0.038), the latter were still significantly different from the
      controls (p = 0.035), supporting the fact that the disease itself increases SCEs.
      Our study, done with 2 doses of BrdU, also shows that the increased SCEs in MS
      patients are not due to a hypersensitivity to this substance known to be an
      inducer of SCEs. Thus we suggest that the increased SCEs found are probably
      disease-related.

PMID- 3702895
TI  - Altered CTP synthetase activity confers resistance to 5-bromodeoxyuridine
      toxicity and mutagenesis.
AB  - A V79 Chinese hamster fibroblast cell line selected for resistance to the toxic
      effects of 5-fluorouracil (Kaufman, 1984b) was found to be cross-resistant to the
      toxic effects of the thymidine analog 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd). When tested
      for sensitivity to BrdUrd mutagenesis, the fluorouracil-resistant cells were
      found to be resistant to mutagenesis induced by high concentrations of BrdUrd in
      the medium (INC mutagenesis) but not to mutagenesis induced by the replication of
      DNA containing 5-bromouracil (REP mutagenesis). Analyses of deoxyribonucleoside
      triphosphate pools indicated that high endogenous dCTP levels in the mutant
      prevented the high BrdUTP/dCTP ratio associated with INC mutagenesis. However,
      the mutant phenotype had no effect on the nucleotide pool imbalance associated
      with REP mutagenesis. This mutant provides further genetic evidence for the
      existence of two independent mechanisms for BrdUrd mutagenesis in mammalian
      cells.

PMID- 3702897
TI  - Effect of 3-aminobenzamide on the process of ultraviolet-induced DNA excision
      repair.
AB  - The effect of 3-aminobenzamide, a potent inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation, on
      UV-induced DNA excision repair was investigated. HeLa cells were treated with DNA
      replication inhibitors, hydroxyurea (HU) and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl cytosine
      (araCyt), before and after ultraviolet light (UV) irradiation, to accumulate DNA
      single-strand breaks. The activity of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation measured in the
      permeable cell system of HeLa cells was enhanced in a UV dose-dependent manner
      after the combined treatment with HU and araCyt in vivo. However, DNA repair
      synthesis in vitro was not affected by addition of 1 mM 3-aminobenzamide or
      nicotinamide, while incorporation of [3H]NAD in the same system was completely
      inhibited. Furthermore, neither the magnitude of UV-induced DNA single-strand
      breaks accumulated by the combined treatment of HU and araCyt nor the rate of
      their rejoining after release from the HU and araCyt block were influenced even
      in the presence of 10 mM 3-aminobenzamide. As the cytotoxicity of UV irradiation
      was significantly potentiated by 5 mM 3-aminobenzamide, these results suggest
      that poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is involved in a process other than DNA excision
      repair induced by UV irradiation.

PMID- 3702898
TI  - Evaluation of the mouse mutant "wasted" as an animal model for ataxia
      telangiectasia. I. Age-dependent and tissue-specific effects.
AB  - The wasted mouse, an animal model proposed for the genetically transmitted human
      disease ataxia telangiectasia (AT), was examined for its biological, cytogenetic
      and biochemical properties. In affected homozygotes, a marked age-dependent
      decrease in the ratio of spleen and thymus to body weight, and a slight but
      significant decrease in the liver to body weight ratio were observed while no
      such change was found in the kidney. An age-dependent increase was observed in
      the frequency of both spontaneous and gamma-ray-induced chromosomal aberrations
      in bone marrow cells of wasted mice. In littermate control mice, neither of these
      alterations was observed in an age-dependent manner. The activity of a primer
      activating enzyme, which has been reported to be deficient in AT cells, also
      decreased with age in spleen cells, but not in liver cells of affected mice.
      However, alterations in apurinic DNA endonuclease activity were not detected in
      the developmental stages examined. These data indicate that this mouse mutant may
      serve as a useful animal model for studying the relationships between DNA repair
      and lymphoid tissue differentiation.

PMID- 3702899
TI  - An examination of the weak mutagenic response of 1-nitropyrene in Chinese hamster
      ovary cells.
AB  - Incubation of suspension cultures of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells with 1
      nitropyrene for as long as 2.5 h failed to induce mutations at the hypoxanthine
      guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) locus, while incubation with 1
      nitrosopyrene, a reduced derivative of 1-nitropyrene, resulted in a strong
      mutagenic response. Examination of the metabolites produced during these
      incubations indicated that 1-nitrosopyrene was rapidly reduced to 1-aminopyrene
      while 1-nitropyrene was not detectably metabolized. Both compounds produced a
      single major DNA adduct, N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-1-aminopyrene, in the CHO cells
      and a strong linear relationship was found between mutation induction and the
      extent of DNA binding. The low level of adducts produced by 1-nitropyrene was
      consistent with the weak mutagenic response produced by this compound. These
      results indicate that both 1-nitropyrene and 1-nitrosopyrene are reduced to a
      reactive electrophile, presumably N-hydroxy-1-aminopyrene, which produces
      potentially mutagenic DNA damage in CHO cells. Comparison of the relationship
      between N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-1-aminopyrene formation and mutation induction in
      CHO cells with the levels of 1-nitropyrene-induced DNA damage associated with
      positive responses in other assays of genetic toxicity and with the number of
      mutations associated with the DNA adducts produced by other agents in CHO cells
      suggests that the CHO/HGPRT assay may be relatively insensitive to 1-nitropyrene
      induced DNA damage. The poor capability of CHO cells in reducing 1-nitropyrene
      and the relative insensitivity of the assay to the DNA damage produced by this
      compound may contribute to the weak mutagenic response of 1-nitropyrene in CHO
      cells.

PMID- 3702900
TI  - Detection and repair of a UV-induced photosensitive lesion in the DNA of human
      cells.
AB  - Irradiation with UV light results in damage to the DNA of human cells. The most
      numerous lesions are pyrimidine dimers; however, other lesions are known to occur
      and may contribute to the overall deleterious effect of UV irradiation. We have
      observed evidence of a UV-induced lesion other than pyrimidine dimers in the DNA
      of human cells by measuring DNA strand breaks induced by irradiating with 313-nm
      light following UV (254-nm) irradiation. These breaks, measured by alkaline
      sucrose sedimentation, increased linearly with the dose of UV light over the
      range tested (10-40 J/m2). The breaks cannot be photolytically induced 5 h after
      a UV dose of 20 J/m2 in normal cells; however, in xeroderma pigmentosum variant
      cells, the breaks are inducible for up to 24 h after UV irradiation. Xeroderma
      pigmentosum group A cells in the same 5-h period show an increase in the number
      of strand breaks seen with 313-nm light photolysis from about 2 to 4 breaks/10(9)
      dalton DNA. These breaks can then be induced for up to 24 h. These data suggest
      that, in normal cells, the lesion responsible for this effect is rapidly repaired
      or altered; whereas, in xeroderma pigmentosum variant cells it seems to remain
      unchanged. Some change apparently occurs in the DNA of xeroderma pigmentosum
      group A cells which results in an increase in photolability. These data indicate
      a deficiency in DNA repair of xeroderma pigmentosum variant cells as well as in
      xeroderma pigmentosum group A cells.

PMID- 3702901
TI  - The elimination of mutagenic lesions induced by alkylating agents and UV in V79
      Chinese hamster cells.
AB  - The mutagenicity of MNU, EMS, BMS and UV light was compared by analyzing the dose
      response curve just before and after the replicative process of the HGPRT gene in
      synchronized V79 Chinese hamster cells. This system makes it possible to compare
      a 10-h period for repair of different mutagenic lesions with no time for repair.
      Additional time for repair in synchronized V79 cells resulted in a reduced
      response for MNU and UV, but not for EMS and BMS. This result suggests that an
      error-free repair process operates on mutagenic lesions in methylated DNA and on
      thymine dimers, but not on ethylated and butylated DNA. Based on these results,
      it is concluded that the repair capacity of V79 cells to remove mutagenic lesions
      is characterized as low for UV, moderate for MNU and not detectable for the
      mutagenic lesions induced by EMS and BMS.

PMID- 3702903
TI  - The relationship between the induction of SCEs and mutations in Chinese hamster
      cells. I. Experiments with hydrogen peroxide and caffeine.
AB  - Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and caffeine were examined for their capacity for
      inducing SCEs and mutations at the HPRT locus in V79 Chinese hamster cells.
      Although, under standard conditions, both substances induced SCEs neither caused
      gene mutations. The SCE induction by both H2O2 and caffeine is influenced by
      BrdUrd substitution. Whereas H2O2 also induces lesions leading to SCEs in normal
      DNA, the SCe induction by caffeine depends on the replication of BrdUrd
      substituted DNA. In cells with BrdUrd-substituted DNA, H2O2 induces mutations at
      the HPRT locus parallel to its SCE induction, whereas caffeine in the presence of
      BrdUrd only has an influence on the SCE rate. It is shown that the experimental
      conditions of the two test systems can play a decisive role when contradictory
      results are obtained.

PMID- 3702904
TI  - Higher incidence of spontaneous sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and X-ray
      induced chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes during pregnancy.
AB  - In vitro cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes from human and muntjac (barking
      deer) females who were at an advanced stage of pregnancy (32-37 weeks pregnant
      women and 20-24 weeks pregnant muntjacs) showed an enhanced frequency of SCEs and
      X-ray-induced chromosome aberrations when compared with those of nonpregnant
      females. Lymphocyte cultures of nonpregnant females to which sex hormones
      progesterone, oestrogen and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) were added
      together exogenously also showed higher frequency of SCEs. The plausible
      reason(s) for such high incidence of SCEs during pregnancy is discussed.

PMID- 3702902
TI  - Potentiation of sulphur mustard or cisplatin-induced toxicity by caffeine in
      Chinese hamster cells correlates with formation of DNA double-strand breaks
      during replication on a damaged template.
AB  - Caffeine inhibited the elongation of nascent DNA and induced breaks in the
      template DNA of sulphur mustard-treated Chinese hamster cells. The sizes of
      template and nascent DNAs, as indicated by alkaline sucrose gradient
      sedimentation, were similar suggesting that incision of template DNA occurred
      opposite gaps formed in nascent DNA by the action of caffeine, forming,
      effectively, double-strand breaks in DNA. Double-strand break formation was
      demonstrated, by means of elution of labelled DNA through polycarbonate filters
      at neutral pH, in both sulphur mustard- and cisplatin-treated cells when they
      were incubated in the presence of caffeine for 24 h. Double-strand breaks were
      only formed in that DNA which had been replicated in the presence of caffeine
      after treatment with sulphur mustard or cisplatin. Non-toxic concentrations of
      cycloheximide abolished the potentiation by caffeine of sulphur mustard-induced
      toxicity to Chinese hamster cells and at the same time abolished the formation of
      the low molecular weight nascent DNA, and as a consequence of its inhibitory
      effect on DNA synthesis, and the formation of double-strand breaks in DNA.
      Potentiation of the lethal and clastogenic effects of genotoxic agents by
      caffeine is therefore due to effects on the rate and mode of DNA synthesis which
      lead finally to double-strand breaks in DNA.

PMID- 3702905
TI  - Formation of 4,8-DiMeIQx from the model system fructose, alanine and creatinine.
      Comparison with the isomeric 5,8-DiMeIQx.
AB  - In a previous paper, the main mutagenic compound isolated from the model reaction
      system D-fructose, DL-alanine and creatinine was tentatively identified as 4,8
      DiMeIQx. Its mutagenic activity and spectral characteristics have now been
      compared with those of the isomer 5,8-DiMeIQx. The comparison clearly
      demonstrates that the isolated compound was indeed 4,8-DiMeIQx. This finding is
      in agreement with the hypothesis that sugars, amino acids and creatinine present
      in meat may be the precursors of the mutagenic imidazoquinolin- and
      imidazoquinoxalin-2-amines (IQ compounds).

PMID- 3702906
TI  - The effect of caffeine in the in vivo SCE and micronucleus mutagenicity tests.
AB  - Caffeine which was administered per os to outbred mice either twice, 30 and 6 h
      before sacrifice or once, 30 h before sacrifice, at dose levels of 50, 75 or 100
      mg/kg body weight only caused a weak induction of micronuclei at the highest
      dose. Again a level of 100 mg caffeine per kg body weight was required before a
      weak but not significant effect could be observed in the micronucleus test using
      a mutagen-sensitive inbred strain of mice. In Chinese hamsters caffeine doses of
      45, 75, 150 or 300 mg/kg body weight either given once or twice per os at the
      same time schedule as used for the mice also caused a clear cut induction of
      micronuclei only at the highest dose level. In the SCE test with Chinese hamster
      again 300 mg of caffeine were necessary to obtain a mutagenic effect although
      this test is considered to be more sensitive to mutagenic damage than the
      micronucleus test. It can therefore be concluded that caffeine causes DNA damage
      only at dose levels in the LD50 range which is higher for hamsters than for mice.

PMID- 3702907
TI  - Chromosome aberrations in F1 from irradiated male mice studied by their
      synaptonemal complexes.
AB  - Possible implications of surface-spread synaptonemal complex (SC) karyotyping in
      analysing the causes of sterility of F1 from irradiated male mice are
      demonstrated in this work. After irradiation by 137Cs gamma-rays at a dose of 5
      Gy the males were mated to unirradiated females and genetic analysis of fertility
      in the F1 progeny was carried out. Males with abnormal fertility were examined
      for the presence of chromosome aberrations in diakinesis-metaphase I and in
      pachytene by the method of surface-spread SC karyotyping. In most cases, SC
      karyotyping provides additional information and permits the detection and
      analysis of aberrations that are not revealed in diakinesis. Two reciprocal
      translocations, one X autosomal and one nonreciprocal translocation were
      discovered in five F1 males studied. It is concluded that the method is efficient
      in detecting translocations in pachytene in partially fertile F1 hybrids of
      irradiated and normal mice.

PMID- 3702908
TI  - Relative frequency of acentrics to dicentrics caused by radiation and by chemical
      action on human lymphocytes.
AB  - Various concentrations of sodium iothalamate were added to human blood samples
      before exposure to X-rays, in order to investigate the dependence of the
      frequency ratio of acentrics to dicentrics on treatment with radiation, the drug
      and a combination of the two. The results show that this ratio is markedly
      influenced by the relative action of the two agents, at low radiation dose,
      because of the enhancement of the acentric frequency caused by the chemical
      substance with respect to the spontaneous level. This paper presents the
      experimental yields of aberrations corresponding to the various treatments, and
      the calculated frequency ratios of acentrics to dicentrics as a function of X-ray
      dose, after correction for the physical effect of dose enhancement due to the
      presence of iodine in the drug.

PMID- 3702909
TI  - Mutagenicity of quercetin in Chinese hamster lung cells in culture.
AB  - Quercetin, a flavonol that is widely distributed in edible plants, was assayed
      for cytotoxic and mutagenic activities on Chinese hamster lung cells in culture,
      using diphtheria toxin resistance as a selective marker. Results showed that it
      was cytotoxic, and induced a dose-dependent increase in the number of diphtheria
      toxin-resistant mutants in the absence of a metabolic activation system.

PMID- 3702910
TI  - Electrophysiologic assessment of a median nerve injury in the palm.
AB  - In median nerve lesions of the hand, electrophysiologic evaluation of the second
      lumbrical muscle can help to differentiate between lesions of the common digital
      nerves and the proper digital nerves, as illustrated by this case report. Median
      nerve conduction studies to the second lumbrical muscle can be performed by
      placing an active recording electrode just radial to the midpoint of the third
      metacarpal and stimulating the median nerve at the wrist or elbow.

PMID- 3702911
TI  - The ischemic exercise test in normal adults and in patients with weakness and
      cramps.
AB  - Data from 23 normal men and women were used to derive 95% confidence limits for
      maximum changes in ammonia and lactate values following ischemic forearm
      exercise. Most normal subjects raised serum lactate and ammonia concentrations
      more than 20 mg/dl and 100 micrograms/dl, respectively, over baseline values. No
      significant correlations were found among age, sex, duration of exercise, or
      estimate of work performed and the maximum ammonia and lactate values achieved.
      When 70 patients with complaints of weakness, fatigue, or cramps were evaluated,
      the ischemic exercise test identified 5 patients who proved to have defects in
      glycolysis or purine metabolism. The test also distinguished those patients with
      type III glycogen storage disease who lacked debrancher enzyme activity in
      muscle.

PMID- 3702913
TI  - Newsletter for progressive lateral sclerosis patients.

PMID- 3702912
TI  - Decreased water permeability of erythrocyte membranes in patients with Duchenne
      muscular dystrophy.
AB  - The water proton relaxation times of erythrocytes (T'2a) from 15 Duchenne
      muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients and age-matched controls have been determined
      by a pulse nuclear magnetic resonance technique. Statistically significant higher
      values of T'2a were noted for the DMD erythrocytes, both in the presence or
      absence of p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate, a potent inhibitor of water
      diffusion through erythrocyte membrane. As the values of T'2a are inversely
      related to the water permeability, the results indicate a decreased permeability
      of erythrocyte membrane in DMD. The findings are discussed in relation to the
      molecular mechanisms of water diffusion across erythrocyte membrane and in regard
      to the general problem of membrane abnormalities in DMD.

PMID- 3702914
TI  - Cellular mediators of anti-histoplasma immunity: I. Protective immunity and
      cellular changes in spleens of mice immunized by sublethal infection with yeast
      cells of histoplasma capsulatum.

PMID- 3702915
TI  - Tinea capitis in school children in Eastern Nigeria.

PMID- 3702916
TI  - Prediction of familial predisposition to retinoblastoma.
AB  - Retinoblastoma is a childhood cancer, predisposition to which is inherited as an
      autosomal dominant trait. We used restriction-fragment-length and isozymic
      alleles of loci on chromosome 13 in five families predisposed to retinoblastoma,
      to provide identification before illness of persons likely to have tumors. The
      likelihood of disease was predicted in two cases, and freedom from disease in
      three. The calculated predictive accuracy was greater than 94 percent in cases
      with informative loci flanking the retinoblastoma (RB1) locus, and our prediction
      has been fulfilled in each such instance. A case that was informative at several
      loci indicated the occurrence of meiotic recombination, and accurate prediction
      was based on data obtained with DNA markers and isozymic forms of esterase D. The
      calculated predictive accuracy in another case, which was informative only for
      loci distal to the retinoblastoma locus, was about 70 percent. This patient was
      expected to acquire the disease but had not done so at the age of one year,
      illustrating the need for more markers that are also more informative and
      genetically closer to the retinoblastoma locus. These studies provide the basis
      for prenatal and postnatal prediction of susceptibility to inherited cancer using
      arbitrary recombinant DNA markers. Such predictions should make genetic
      counseling for familial retinoblastoma more accurate and lead to earlier tumor
      detection and more effective therapy.

PMID- 3702917
TI  - Bacterial adherence to bladder uroepithelial cells in catheter-associated urinary
      tract infection.
AB  - To assess the role of bacterial adherence to uroepithelial cells in the
      pathogenesis of nosocomial urinary tract infection, we prospectively studied 55
      patients with indwelling urinary catheters. We obtained uroepithelial cells from
      the bladder and urine for culture on the patients' entry into the study and every
      two to four days during catheterization. In all, 235 collections of uroepithelial
      cells from these patients were used in an in vitro adherence assay with six gram
      negative bacterial strains. With uroepithelial cells from patients who did not
      have bacterial infections, the adherence of the bacteria used in the assay
      differed significantly according to species. The least adherence occurred with
      Escherichia coli GR12; the adherence increased with (in order) Proteus mirabilis,
      E. coli J96, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, and Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa. With cells collected just before the onset of bacteriuria, adherence
      of these gram-negative strains was higher in patients in whom gram-negative rod
      infections developed than in those with gram-positive coccal infections (P =
      0.005). Analysis with the Cox proportional-hazards model demonstrated that a
      significant increase in bacterial adherence to uroepithelial cells in the bladder
      occurred two to four days before the onset of bacteriuria, but that adherence
      returned to base-line values with the onset of bacteriuria. These results suggest
      that a transient increase in the adherence of gram-negative bacteria to bladder
      epithelial cells may be an important early event in the development of catheter
      associated bacteriuria.

PMID- 3702918
TI  - Progress against cancer?
AB  - We assessed the overall progress against cancer during the years 1950 to 1982. In
      the United States, these years were associated with increases in the number of
      deaths from cancer, in the crude cancer-related mortality rate, in the age
      adjusted mortality rate, and in both the crude and the age-adjusted incidence
      rates, whereas reported survival rates (crude and relative) for cancer patients
      also increased. In our view, the best single measure of progress against cancer
      is change in the age-adjusted mortality rate associated with all cancers combined
      in the total population. According to this measure, we are losing the war against
      cancer, notwithstanding progress against several uncommon forms of the disease,
      improvements in palliation, and extension of the productive years of life. A
      shift in research emphasis, from research on treatment to research on prevention,
      seems necessary if substantial progress against cancer is to be forthcoming.

PMID- 3702919
TI  - Phlebotomy for diagnostic laboratory tests in adults. Pattern of use and effect
      on transfusion requirements.
AB  - Although anemia is a frequently observed complication of phlebotomies for
      laboratory tests in neonates, this problem has received little attention in adult
      populations. We analyzed the phlebotomy records of 100 hospitalized patients and
      found that 50 patients who spent all of their hospitalization in general wards
      had blood samples drawn an average of 1.1 times a day. A mean volume of 12.4 ml a
      day was drawn, and the total volume drawn during their entire hospitalization was
      175.0 ml. In contrast, 50 patients who spent part or all of their hospitalization
      in an intensive care unit were phlebotomized a mean of 3.4 times a day, for a
      mean volume of 41.5 ml of blood drawn a day and a total volume of 762.2 ml.
      Patients in the intensive care unit who had arterial lines had more blood drawn
      (944.0 ml), more often (4.0 times a day), than patients in the intensive care
      unit who did not have such lines (300.9 ml; 1.9 times a day). Of 36 patients who
      received transfusions, 17 (47 percent) had large losses from phlebotomy (greater
      than 180 ml of red cells) that contributed to their transfusion requirements. We
      propose the use of sample tubes of the size used in pediatrics, batching of
      requests for laboratory tests, and review of the cumulative volume of blood
      removed from individual patients as approaches to reducing blood loss from
      phlebotomy.

PMID- 3702920
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 18-1986. A 44-year-old woman with substernal pain and pulmonary
      edema after severe emotional stress.

PMID- 3702921
TI  - Retinoblastoma and cancer genetics.

PMID- 3702922
TI  - Medical vampires.

PMID- 3702923
TI  - Hepatitis B in a general psychiatric hospital.

PMID- 3702924
TI  - Topical chlorhexidine phosphanilate for prophylactic treatment of burns.

PMID- 3702925
TI  - L-tryptophan in drug-induced movement disorders with insomnia.

PMID- 3702926
TI  - Structure and function of low-density-lipoprotein receptors in epimerase
      deficient galactosemia.

PMID- 3702927
TI  - Bearing the news: should doctors tell it all?

PMID- 3702928
TI  - The autopsy as a measure of accuracy of the death certificate.

PMID- 3702929
TI  - Molecular analysis of the inheritance of phenylketonuria and mild
      hyperphenylalaninemia in families with both disorders.
AB  - Clinical phenylketonuria and mild hyperphenylalaninemia represent two different
      phenotypes of phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency. To determine the genetic
      relation between these two phenotypes, we studied two families in which one
      member had phenylketonuria and other members had mild hyperphenylalaninemia. We
      identified restriction-fragment-length polymorphisms that differentiated the four
      phenylalanine hydroxylase alleles in each family. Phenylketonuria and mild
      hyperphenylalaninemia were found to be allelic; certain pairs of alleles induced
      the more severe phenylketonuria phenotype, and other pairs induced the less
      severe hyperphenylalaninemia phenotype. Several of the alleles that were
      identified can contribute to either phenylketonuria or mild
      hyperphenylalaninemia. These results demonstrate that there are multiple and
      distinct mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene, with different levels
      of severity, and that various combinations of the mutant alleles can result in
      different phenotypes of the metabolic disorders of hyperphenylalaninemia.

PMID- 3702930
TI  - Renal histopathologic alterations in patients treated with cyclosporine for
      uveitis.
AB  - To evaluate abnormalities of renal morphology associated with long-term
      cyclosporine therapy, we obtained percutaneous renal biopsy specimens from 17
      patients who had been treated for autoimmune uveitis with cyclosporine for an
      average of two years. For comparison, we also analyzed renal biopsy specimens
      from patients with idiopathic hematuria who had not received cyclosporine. The
      atrophic and sclerosing glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesions in the
      specimens were assessed to derive a chronicity index. The specimens from the
      patients treated with cyclosporine showed a significantly higher chronicity index
      than those from the controls (P less than 0.00005). All patients who had received
      cyclosporine had interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy, or both. A good
      functional predictor of the abnormalities in renal morphology was the length of
      time that a patient's serum creatinine had exceeded the base-line value by more
      than 50 percent. Chronic pathologic alterations were seen even in patients who
      had normal renal function at the time of the biopsy. In conjunction with
      sequential measurements of renal function, renal biopsy may have an important
      role in defining the type and degree of nephrotoxicity that can develop in
      patients receiving long-term cyclosporine therapy for autoimmune disease.

PMID- 3702931
TI  - How patients appraise physicians.

PMID- 3702932
TI  - The right kind of paternalism.

PMID- 3702933
TI  - Treatment of infantile nephropathic cystinosis with cysteamine.

PMID- 3702934
TI  - Halothane hepatitis.

PMID- 3702935
TI  - Congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

PMID- 3702936
TI  - Chromosome 5q35 breakpoint in malignant histiocytosis.

PMID- 3702937
TI  - Unsuccessful search for anaerobic bacteria in thrombophlebitis associated with
      peripheral venous catheters.

PMID- 3702938
TI  - Bowl-game pulmonary embolism.

PMID- 3702940
TI  - Residencies for foreign medical graduates.

PMID- 3702939
TI  - Madarosis from cocaine use.

PMID- 3702941
TI  - Comparing the means of several groups.

PMID- 3702943
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 20-1986. A 68-year-old man with a malabsorption, chylous ascites,
      and mesenteric mass.

PMID- 3702942
TI  - Familial idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Evidence of lung inflammation in
      unaffected family members.
AB  - We evaluated 17 clinically unaffected members of three families with an autosomal
      dominant form of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis for evidence of alveolar
      inflammation. Each person in the study was examined by gallium-67 scanning for a
      general estimate of pulmonary inflammation, and by bronchoalveolar lavage for
      characterization of the types of recovered cells and their state of activation.
      Eight of the 17 subjects had evidence of alveolar inflammation on the lavage
      studies. Supporting data included increased numbers of neutrophils and activated
      macrophages that released one or more neutrophil chemoattractants, and growth
      factors for lung fibroblasts--findings similar to those observed in patients with
      overt idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Four of these eight also had a positive
      gallium scan; in all the other clinically unaffected subjects the scan was
      normal. During a follow-up of two to four years in seven of the eight subjects
      who had evidence of inflammation, no clinical evidence of pulmonary fibrosis has
      appeared. These results indicate that alveolar inflammation occurs in
      approximately half the clinically unaffected family members at risk of inheriting
      autosomal dominant idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Whether these persons with
      evidence of pulmonary inflammation but no fibrosis will proceed to have
      clinically evident pulmonary fibrosis is not yet known.

PMID- 3702944
TI  - Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

PMID- 3702945
TI  - Why saying no to patients in the United States is so hard. Cost containment,
      justice, and provider autonomy.

PMID- 3702947
TI  - More on AIDS in patients on dialysis.

PMID- 3702946
TI  - The Painful Prescription: a procrustean perspective?

PMID- 3702948
TI  - Dietary calcium and colonic cancer.

PMID- 3702949
TI  - Vitamin E deficiency and neurologic dysfunction in children.

PMID- 3702950
TI  - Anticardiolipin antibodies in pregnant patients with systemic lupus
      erythematosus.

PMID- 3702951
TI  - In utero exchange transfusion by direct intravascular injection in severe
      erythroblastosis fetalis.

PMID- 3702952
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 21-1986. Recent development of pulmonary hypertension seven years
      after an aortic valve replacement.

PMID- 3702953
TI  - Bleeding after cardiopulmonary bypass.

PMID- 3702954
TI  - Erythroblastosis fetalis: closing the circle.

PMID- 3702955
TI  - Stopping long-term dialysis.

PMID- 3702956
TI  - Screening mammography.

PMID- 3702957
TI  - AIDS, blood transfusions, and directed donations.

PMID- 3702958
TI  - Dysplastic carcinoid tumor and AIDS-related complex.

PMID- 3702959
TI  - Toxic keratopathy associated with suramin therapy.

PMID- 3702960
TI  - Anti-basement-membrane antibodies in the serum of healthy subjects.

PMID- 3702961
TI  - Screening for biotinidase deficiency.

PMID- 3702962
TI  - Prognostic importance of hypodiploid hemopoietic precursors in myelodysplastic
      syndromes.
AB  - It has been suggested that a poor prognosis and the development of leukemia in
      patients with myelodysplasia may be related to chromosomal abnormalities. We
      measured the DNA content of bone marrow cells with flow cytometry in 19
      hematologically normal subjects and in 70 patients who had recently been
      diagnosed as having myelodysplasia. Thirty-four of the patients were found to
      have aneuploidy. This was not related to the percentage of blast cells in the
      bone marrow, and there was no demarcation in terms of DNA content between
      patients with a high percentage of blast cells and those with a low percentage of
      such cells. Patients with hypodiploid marrow cells had a significantly shorter
      survival time than other patients (P = 0.001). Patients with hyperdiploid marrow
      and those whose marrow had a normal DNA content had similar survival times.
      Hypodiploidy appears to be a better indicator of poor survival than the marrow
      blast-cell count. Patients with sideroblastic anemia invariably had cells with a
      normal or high DNA content; none of these patients died during the study. Our
      data suggest that there is a relation between the loss of chromosomal material
      and progression toward a leukemic phenotype. It is tempting to speculate that
      this process may involve a loss of negative regulatory genes ("anti-oncogenes").

PMID- 3702963
TI  - Dyssynchronous breathing during arm but not leg exercise in patients with chronic
      airflow obstruction.
AB  - Some patients with chronic airflow obstruction experience dyspnea with mild arm
      exercise but not with more-intense leg exercise. To investigate why these
      patients have limited endurance during arm exertion, we studied ventilatory
      responses to exercise with unsupported arms in 12 patients with chronic airflow
      obstruction (mean [+/- SD] forced expiratory volume in one second, 0.68 +/- 0.28
      liters). Unloaded leg cycling was also studied for comparison. In the five
      patients who had the most severe airflow obstruction, arm exercise was limited by
      dyspnea after 3.3 +/- 0.7 minutes, and dyssynchronous thoracoabdominal breathing
      developed. In the other seven patients, arm exercise was limited by the sensation
      of muscle fatigue after 6.1 +/- 2.0 minutes (P less than 0.05), and
      dyssynchronous breathing did not occur. None of the 12 patients had
      dyssynchronous breathing during unloaded leg cycling. Maximal transdiaphragmatic
      pressure, a measure of diaphragmatic fatigue, declined similarly after arm and
      leg exercise in both groups. During unsupported arm work, the accessory muscles
      of inspiration help position the torso and arms. We hypothesize that the extra
      demand placed on these muscles during arm exertion leads to early fatigue, an
      increased load on the diaphragm, and dyssynchronous thoracoabdominal
      inspirations. This sequence may contribute to dyspnea and limited endurance
      during upper-extremity exercise.

PMID- 3702964
TI  - Antitrust implications of medical technology assessment.

PMID- 3702965
TI  - Is estrogen preferable to surgery for postmenopausal women with primary
      hyperparathyroidism?

PMID- 3702966
TI  - Exercise training in pulmonary rehabilitation.

PMID- 3702967
TI  - Recurrence of thoracic lymphadenopathy in sarcoidosis.

PMID- 3702968
TI  - Hemodynamically mediated acute renal failure.

PMID- 3702969
TI  - Normal value for blood lead.

PMID- 3702970
TI  - Magnetic field hazard.

PMID- 3702971
TI  - Toad toxicity.

PMID- 3702972
TI  - Teaching medicine in an ambulatory setting.

PMID- 3702973
TI  - For-profit enterprise in health care. The Institute of Medicine Study.

PMID- 3702974
TI  - The influence of portal vein occlusion on liver mitochondria in rats after
      releasing biliary obstruction.

PMID- 3702975
TI  - Histopathological study on the prognosis of pT2 gastric cancer.

PMID- 3702976
TI  - The effect of cimetidine and hypoxia on the gastric macromolecular glycoprotein
      in rat.

PMID- 3702977
TI  - Osseous lesions of the hand and foot in diabetes mellitus: correlation between
      magnification roentgenographic findings and clinical findings.

PMID- 3702978
TI  - Isolates from faba bean and soybean with lowered content of phytic acid and
      activity of the trypsin inhibitors.
AB  - For obtaining protein isolates, water, whey, and waste effluents from a potato
      processing plant were used as extraction solvents. Isolates obtained on
      laboratory conditions were subjected to chemical and organoleptic tests. It was
      shown that proper steering of the processing allowed for obtaining isolates with
      lower phytic acid content and decreased activity of the trypsin inhibitors,
      although the efficiency of the process decreased also. Modified processing was
      more efficient for elimination of the phytic acid from soybean isolates compared
      to faba bean. It was also shown that isolate neutralization considerably improved
      their solubility and decreased the activity of trypsin inhibitors.

PMID- 3702979
TI  - [The formation of dental plaque in relation to the ingestion of food].
AB  - The formation of dental plaque during the consume of hard, normal and soft diet
      was examined on 100 children (4-6 years old) per diet group. No tooth-brushing
      was done during the test for two days. The average of plaque-index (by Quigley
      and Hein) after two days was 2.52 on hard diet, 2.69 on normal diet and 2.93 on
      soft diet. The differences are significant (t-test by Student, p = 0.01). The
      effect of physiological self-cleaning of oral cavity by diet is discussed.

PMID- 3702980
TI  - [Binding of lead and copper ions to ethanol-insoluble substances from cooking
      potatoes].
AB  - The binding of Pb2+- and Cu2+-ions to ethanol-insoluble substances from three
      sorts of raw or cooked table potatoes in aqueous suspension is investigated.
      Moreover, analogous tests on the binding of Pb2+-ions to glucose-6- and glucose-1
      phosphate as well as to phosphoric acid are performed. The determination of the
      free cations in the equilibrium solutions is directly carried out by means of ion
      specific electrodes in consideration of the pH-influence. In view of nutrition
      physiology raw and cooked potatoes are capable, as well as vegetables, of binding
      Pb2+ and Cu2+ ions, due to their content of pectins with an esterification degree
      found to be in the range of 50-56% and 42-48%, respectively. The binding capacity
      of the ethanol-insoluble substances does not only base on their content of pectin
      carboxyl groups but also on other macromolecular components. Among the metabolic
      degradation products of potato starch only free phosphoric acid is capable of
      binding Pb2+ ions.

PMID- 3702981
TI  - Trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor activities in plant foods from Vietnam and
      Hungary.
AB  - A method for the determination of chymotrypsin inhibitor activity and a screening
      test for evaluating higher activities of trypsin inhibitor were elaborated. The
      protease inhibitor activities of the most important plant foods from Vietnam and
      Hungary were determined. In cereals and legume seeds the activity of chymotrypsin
      inhibitors is generally lower than that of the trypsin inhibitors. In various soy
      products (isolates, texturates) the extent of lowering of chymotrypsin inhibitor
      activity was less than that of trypsin inhibitor related to raw soy bean. The
      cooking process according to the usual kitchen technique of Vietnam has more
      effect on the higher trypsin inhibitor level of soy bean than on other legumes of
      average activity.

PMID- 3702982
TI  - [Mutagenic substances in amino acid and protein pyrolysates and in heat-treated
      food].
AB  - Information on the recent knowledge of occurrence and formation of heterocyclic
      substances as results of the pyrolysis of amino acids and protein as well as of
      heat-treatment of food is given. Positive results obtained by means of the Ames
      test point to the possibility that the tested substances might also have
      mutagenic or carcinogenic effect on man. Up to now a corroboration of possible
      delayed lesions could not be definitely proved in animal experiments. It may be
      taken for granted that the preparation and especially the heat treatment of foods
      could induce the formation of products being injurious to health. Chemical
      substances being known in this respect are specified with reference to their
      occurrence.

PMID- 3702983
TI  - Thermodynamic compatibility of proteins in aqueous media. Part 3. Studies on the
      role of intermolecular interactions in the thermodynamics of compatibility of
      proteins according to the data of dilution enthalpies.
AB  - The flow microcalorimetric method was used to determine the enthalpies of
      diluting solutions of ovalbumin, bovine serum albumin, casein, soybean globulin
      fraction, thermotropic aggregates of ovalbumin, mixtures of ovalbumin-bovine
      serum albumin, casein-soybean globulin fraction, and ovalbumin-thermotropic
      aggregates of ovalbumin in water. The calorimetric data obtained were compared
      with the data on phase equilibrium in the systems Water-Ovalbumin-Bovine serum
      albumin, Water-Casein-Soybean globulin fraction, Water-Ovalbumin-Thermotropic
      aggregates of ovalbumin. Intermolecular interactions have been shown to play a
      significant role in the thermodynamics of protein compatibility.

PMID- 3702984
TI  - Sensoric and chemical limits in lowering the dose of sodium nitrite in the
      process of pork curing.
AB  - The specific cured meat odour and taste stimulus thresholds in pork containing
      different quantities of sodium nitrite were determined in relation to the
      residual nitrite level and relative contents of nitrosylpigments in meat. It was
      stated, that the specific odour and taste detection thresholds were equal to 10
      and below 10 mg NaNO2/kg of meat, respectively, and the specific odour and taste
      recognition thresholds were equal to 26 and 21 mg NaNO2/kg of meat, respectively.
      The detection and recognition thresholds corresponded to 2.4 and 8.5 mg of
      residual nitrite in meat, respectively. In all the cases the relative contents of
      nitrosylpigments were above 50%. Taking into account the maintening of specific
      cured meat odour and taste, the dose of sodium nitrite in pork curing may be
      lowered to 30 mg/kg.

PMID- 3702986
TI  - Forty-five years of cancer incidence in Connecticut: 1935-79.

PMID- 3702985
TI  - Inhibition of tumor growth with possible immunity by Egyptian garlic extracts.
AB  - Garlic bulbs (Allium sativum) were extracted with distilled water or ethanol. The
      extracts were then incubated with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells at 37 degrees C
      for 1 h. These pretreated cells were injected into swiss albino mice which
      survived over 12 weeks. To the contrary, tumor cells which were pretreated with
      garlic extracts, produced ascites tumor in all mice that died 2 or 4 weeks after
      intraperitoneal injection. When mice were treated twice at intervals of 7 days
      with freshly prepared tumor cells exposed to watery or ethanolic extracts of
      fresh garlic, they acquired resistance against a challenge with Ehrlich ascites
      tumor cells. Administration of garlic extracts to mice for at least 2 weeks
      before tumor transplantation, caused a slight delay of 10-20 days in tumor growth
      and animal death. Generally, the ethanolic extract of garlic gave more pronounced
      effect as tumor inhibitor as well as immunity induction than watery extract. No
      change in serum electrophoretic pattern was detected in mice, whether the tumor
      cells injected were incubated or not with garlic extract. In animals treated with
      unincubated tumor cells, albumin and globulin percentages as well as albumin:
      globulin ratios (A/G) were decreased as compared to normal mice. A/G ratio was
      also decreased in immunized mice, pretreated with garlic extract, due to the
      increase of gamma globulin and unchanging of albumin.

PMID- 3702987
TI  - UK medical research. Charity begins at home.

PMID- 3702988
TI  - Dioxin exposure at Monsanto.

PMID- 3702989
TI  - Brain death in Japan.

PMID- 3702990
TI  - Embryo research.

PMID- 3702991
TI  - Cell biology. Consensus in exocytosis.

PMID- 3702992
TI  - Neuroanatomy. Problems in pineal physiology.

PMID- 3702993
TI  - Relationship of Blym genes to repeated sequences.

PMID- 3702994
TI  - Orientation-specific cortical responses develop in early infancy.
AB  - Neurones in the visual cortex of higher mammals differ from those elsewhere in
      the visual pathway in that the majority respond selectively to particular edge or
      bar orientations in the stimulus. We have developed a visually evoked potential
      (VEP) technique which isolates the response of orientation-selective mechanisms
      from that of cortical or sub-cortical neurones which lack orientation
      selectivity. We are unable to find such orientation-selective responses in
      newborn human infants within the sensitivity of our method, but repeated
      longitudinal testing of individual infants shows that measurable responses emerge
      around 6 weeks of age. This result is consistent with the idea that human
      cortical visual function is very immature at birth, but develops rapidly in the
      first two postnatal months.

PMID- 3702995
TI  - Visual discrimination of target displacement remains after damage to the striate
      cortex in humans.
AB  - Damage to the striate cortex usually causes blindness in those regions of the
      visual field which map to the area of neural damage. Nonetheless, there are
      reports that some patients with such damage can localize and perform certain
      visual discriminations between light stimuli presented within the 'blind' area of
      the visual field. Experiments on animals with different brain areas ablated
      suggest that visual function is served by two principal projection pathways from
      the retina. That to the striate cortex is primarily responsible for fine
      discrimination between stimulus parameters such as colour and spatial pattern,
      whereas that to the superior colliculus in the midbrain is responsible for visual
      localization of stimuli. The residual visual functions in patients with cortical
      damage are usually attributed to the non-striate retinal projection to the
      superior colliculus. We now present measurements of spatial discrimination in two
      observers with large visual field defects (scotomata) caused by damage to the
      striate cortical region. Both exhibit a near normal ability to discriminate
      displacements of targets when two lights are flashed sequentially in their
      defective visual field, but they are unable to discriminate spatial pattern or
      size. We argue that these results are consistent with the 'two visual systems'
      interpretation of ablation studies on non-human species.

PMID- 3702996
TI  - Benefits of inaction.

PMID- 3702997
TI  - Visual system. Mapping of motion perception.

PMID- 3702998
TI  - Growth factor A-chain back in train.

PMID- 3702999
TI  - Discrepancies in length of myosin head.

PMID- 3703000
TI  - Large adjustments in visually guided reaching do not depend on vision of the hand
      or perception of target displacement.
AB  - When we reach towards an object that suddenly appears in our peripheral visual
      field, not only does our arm extend towards the object, but our eyes, head and
      body also move in such a way that the image of the object falls on the fovea.
      Popular models of how reaching movements are programmed have argued that while
      the first part of the limb movement is ballistic, subsequent corrections to the
      trajectory are made on the basis of dynamic feedback about the relative positions
      of the hand and the target provided by central vision. These models have assumed
      that the adjustments are dependent on seeing the hand moving with respect to the
      target. Here we present evidence that a change in the position of a visual target
      during a reaching movement can modify the trajectory even when vision of the hand
      is prevented. Moreover, these dynamic corrections to the trajectory of the moving
      limb occur without the subject perceiving the change in target location. These
      findings demonstrate that visual feedback about the relative position of the hand
      and target is not necessary for visually driven corrections in reaching to occur,
      and the mechanisms that maintain the apparent stability of a target in space are
      dissociable from those that mediate the visuomotor output directed at that
      target.

PMID- 3703001
TI  - Reduction in number of immunostained GABAergic neurones in deprived-eye dominance
      columns of monkey area 17.
AB  - The primary visual cortex (area 17) of the Old World monkey is divided into
      alternating right- and left-eye dominance columns that are highly modifiable by
      visual experience during a critical period in development but display little
      morphological or physiological plasticity during adult life. However, changes in
      immunocytochemical staining for a calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase
      occur in visual cortical neurones of adult monkeys after brief monocular
      deprivation and concentrations of putative neurotransmitters or their related
      enzymes can be altered with changes in neuronal activity in other systems. We
      therefore examined the effects of monocular deprivation on the immunocytochemical
      staining for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and its synthetic enzyme, glutamic
      acid decarboxylase (GAD), in adult monkey area 17. The staining for GABA and GAD
      in neuronal somata and terminals was markedly reduced within ocular dominance
      columns associated with a removed or a visually deprived eye, suggesting that the
      GABA concentration in cortical neurones may depend on their levels of activity.
      Thus area 17 of adult monkeys may retain a greater degree of plasticity than
      previously recognized and sensory experience can profoundly affect transmitter
      levels, in the cortex, apparently by regulating levels of a synthetic enzyme.

PMID- 3703002
TI  - GABA and GAD immunoreactivity of photoreceptor terminals in primate retina.
AB  - Within the vertebrate retina, two types of photoreceptor cells--the rods and
      cones--transduce visual signals and convey this information through synapses with
      bipolar and horizontal cells. Although the neurotransmitter at these first-order
      synapses has not been identified, electrophysiological studies suggest that it
      might be excitatory. In the present study, however, we have found photoreceptor
      terminals in the rhesus monkey retina which are immunoreactive with antibodies to
      either gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) or L-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD, an
      enzyme involved in the synthesis of GABA). In the perifoveal region of the
      retina, approximately 25% of presynaptic profiles having ultrastructural
      characteristics of either rod or cone terminals are immunoreactive with one or
      the other antibody. This evidence for a putatively inhibitory neurotransmitter in
      photoreceptor terminals challenges present understanding of retinal synaptic
      function.

PMID- 3703003
TI  - Evidence that axons are mitogenic for oligodendrocytes isolated from adult
      animals.
AB  - Recovery from demyelinating events in the adult central nervous system (CNS) may
      depend in some situations on the generation, by cell division, of new
      oligodendrocytes (ODCs). Adult ODCs, identified by morphological criteria, have
      been shown to divide in vivo in response to induced demyelination or to physical
      trauma, although the factors that elicit this response are unknown. Adult ODCs do
      not proliferate in vitro under normal conditions (ref. 4 and P.M.W., unpublished
      observations). Encouraged by observations that axons provide a mitogenic stimulus
      for Schwann cells and support the proliferation of embryonic ODC progenitors, we
      have studied the response of adult ODCs, identified by immunocytological
      criteria, to axons of dorsal root ganglion neurones in culture. We have now found
      that adult ODCs proliferate in vitro when neurones are present but not when
      neurones are absent, suggesting that neurons can elicit ODC division under the
      conditions prevailing in our culture system.

PMID- 3703004
TI  - PITC derivatives in amino acid analysis.
AB  - Refined methods for separating PTC-amino acids on reverse phase columns may pose
      a challenge to traditional ion exchange techniques.

PMID- 3703005
TI  - Analysis in the ion exchange tradition.
AB  - Amino acid analysis by ion exchange chromatography is just as important an
      analytical tool in 1986 as it was in the late 1950s, when Moore and Stein first
      described an automated AAA instrument.

PMID- 3703006
TI  - Amino acids challenge chromatography.
AB  - Spurred on by advances in liquid chromatography and derivative chemistry, amino
      acid analysis systems are beginning to make their mark. Here is a sampling of
      amino acid specialists along with all-purpose separation supplies.

PMID- 3703007
TI  - Cell biology: origins of the cytoskeleton.

PMID- 3703008
TI  - Animal protection: critics assail West German law.

PMID- 3703010
TI  - Spectrin assembly in avian erythroid development is determined by competing
      reactions of subunit homo- and hetero-oligomerization.
AB  - Erythroid differentiation entails the biogenesis of a membrane skeleton, a
      network of proteins underlying and interacting with the plasma membrane, whose
      major constituent is the heterodimeric protein spectrin, composed of two
      structurally similar but distinct subunits, alpha (relative molecular mass (Mr)
      240,000) and beta (Mr 220,000), which interact side-on with each other to form a
      long rod-like molecule. Interaction of this network with the membrane is mediated
      by the binding of the beta subunit to ankyrin, which in turn binds to the
      cytoplasmic domain of the transmembrane anion transporter (also referred to as
      band 3). Purified alpha and beta subunits of spectrin from the membrane of mature
      red blood cells will spontaneously heterodimerize, suggesting that assembly of
      the spectrin-actin skeleton is a simple self-assembly process, but in vivo
      studies with developing chicken embryo erythroid cells have indicated that
      assembly in vivo is more complex. We now present evidence that newly synthesized
      spectrin subunits in vivo or in vitro rapidly adopt one of two competing
      conformations, a heterodimer or a homo-oligomer. These competing reactions seem
      to determine the overall extent of spectrin assembled during erythroid
      development by determining which conformation will assemble onto the membrane
      skeleton (the heterodimer) and which conformations are targeted for degradation
      (the homo-oligomers).

PMID- 3703011
TI  - AIDS in India: pool of infected women?

PMID- 3703009
TI  - Neural control of the forms of acetylcholinesterase in slow mammalian muscles.
AB  - The 'heavy', collagen-tailed form of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), having a
      s(0)20,w of 16S in mammals, occurs at vertebrate muscle endplates and has been
      widely regarded as a marker of neuronal influence on muscle in vivo. However, an
      interesting exception has been described by Bacou et al., in a previous report in
      Nature. They found, in a slow-twitch muscle of the rabbit, that after denervation
      the 16S form of AChE increases markedly, rather than disappearing. Such a
      phenomenon would modify current concepts of neuromuscular regulation. We report
      here, however, that this exception is apparent rather than real in terms of
      endplate AChE regulation.

PMID- 3703012
TI  - Biotechnology: DNA fingerprints go commercial.

PMID- 3703013
TI  - AIDS in California: state aid offered for vaccine.

PMID- 3703014
TI  - Protein translocation: a common mechanism for different membrane systems?

PMID- 3703015
TI  - Steroid receptors: oncogenes as hormone receptors.

PMID- 3703016
TI  - A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia phase-shifts the mammalian
      circadian clock.
AB  - Between 5 and 20% of the adult population in Western countries suffer from
      insufficient and/or unsatisfying sleep, often associated with certain psychiatric
      disorders or with certain types of professional activities (for example, shift
      workers) and travel schedules (for example, jet lag). The benzodiazepines are at
      present the drug treatment of choice for the management of anxiety and stress
      related conditions as well as insomnia. Benzodiazepines are thought to act by
      potentiating the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a
      widely distributed transmitter in the central nervous system. The circadian
      system has a key role in the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle, and at least
      some forms of insomnia may be the result of a disorder of the circadian sleep
      wake rhythm. Similarly, at least some forms of depression may also involve
      disruption of normal circadian rhythmicity. A central pacemaker for the
      generation of many circadian rhythms in mammals, including the sleep-wake cycle,
      appears to be located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, and recent research
      indicates that both cell bodies and axons containing GABA are present within the
      bilaterally paired suprachiasmatic nuclei. These findings raise the possibility
      that the benzodiazepines, commonly prescribed for sleep and mental disorders, may
      have an effect on the central circadian pacemaker. Here we report that the acute
      administration of triazolam, a short-acting benzodiazepine commonly prescribed
      for the treatment of insomnia, induces a phase-shift in the circadian rhythm of
      locomotor activity in golden hamsters. This suggests a role for GABA-containing
      neurones in the mammalian circadian system.

PMID- 3703017
TI  - [Visual cells of the vertebrate retina. Renewal processes, rhythms, and light].
AB  - Vertebrate visual cells represent a system in an extraordinarily dynamic state.
      Major parts of the photoreceptors are continually degraded and resynthesized,
      thus, the cell's morphological and functional integrity is maintained. Some
      components of visual cell renewal processes follow an endogenous, circadian
      rhythm driven by an ocular oscillator. Regulative mechanisms of these circadian
      rhythms may comprise interactions between the neurohormone melatonin and the
      putative retinal neurotransmitter and neuromodulator dopamine.

PMID- 3703018
TI  - [Chorion biopsy--a new method of prenatal diagnosis].
AB  - Chorionic villi are derivates of the trophoectoderm and therefore have the same
      genetic constitution as the embryo. The recently developed techniques of
      chorionic villi sampling in the 9th to 11th week of pregnancy and the cytogenetic
      analysis of this material open a new field in the prenatal diagnosis of
      chromosomal aberrations. With this method, a result is obtained about 8 weeks
      earlier than with the classical procedures performed by amniocentesis. This
      offers major advantages to both patient and physician.

PMID- 3703019
TI  - Sodium-dependence of the saturability of carrier-mediated noradrenaline efflux
      from noradrenergic neurones in the rat vas deferens.
AB  - The carrier-mediated transport of 3H-noradrenaline out of noradrenergic neurones
      was studied in vasa deferentia obtained from rats after pretreatment with
      reserpine and pargyline (to inhibit vesicular storage and monoamine oxidase,
      respectively). The tissue was first preincubated with various concentrations of
      3H-noradrenaline (0.3--100 mumol/1; 30 min) and then washed out for 110 min with
      amine-free medium. During the last 10 min of washout, carrier-mediated neuronal
      efflux of 3H-noradrenaline was elicited by exposure to either Na+-free medium or
      100 mumol/l veratridine; it was measured at 1-min intervals. While the peak rates
      of carrier-mediated 3H-noradrenaline efflux elicited by Na+-free medium were
      linearly related to the 3H-noradrenaline content of the tissue (which cannot be
      raised beyond a certain maximal value, since uptake is saturable), those evoked
      in response to veratridine approached saturation as the 3H-noradrenaline level in
      the tissue was raised. Hence, saturation of 3H-noradrenaline outward transport
      was demonstrated at high (exposure to veratridine), but not at low (exposure to
      Na+-free medium) intraneuronal Na+ concentrations. The results indicate that the
      Km for the mediated outward transport of noradrenaline across the plasma membrane
      of noradrenergic neurones is inversely related to the internal Na+ concentration,
      just as the Km for the mediated inward transport of noradrenaline (i.e., the
      neuronal noradrenaline uptake) is inversely related to the external Na+
      concentration.

PMID- 3703020
TI  - Evaluation of the binding of the A-1 selective adenosine radioligand,
      cyclopentyladenosine (CPA), to rat brain tissue.
AB  - The binding of [3H]-Cyclopentyladenosine (CPA), an N6-substituted analog of
      adenosine, was examined in vitro. CPA bound with high affinity (Kd = 0.48 nmol/l)
      to rat brain membranes. Specific binding, which represented 90-97% of the total
      counts bound at a ligand concentration of 1 nmol/l, was saturable, reversible and
      sensitive to protein denaturation. The pharmacology of binding was consistent
      with the labeling of an A-1 receptor, the R- and S-diasteromers of N6
      phenylisopropyladenosine (PIA) showing a sixteenfold difference in their ability
      to displace CPA. The prototypic A-1 selective adenosine agonist, N6
      cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) was twofold less active than CPA in displacing
      radiolabeled CPA. Comparison of the ability of cold CHA and CPA to displace [3H]
      CPA gave rate dissociation constants of 1.88 and 1.80 X 10(4) s-1, respectively
      suggesting that both CHA and CPA bound to the same recognition site. In contrast
      however, comparison of the binding of [3H]-CPA with that of [3H]-CHA showed
      distinct differences. The Kd for CHA was approximately twice that of CPA while
      the apparent Bmax was 60% greater. In comparing the pharmacology of CPA binding
      with that of CHA, it was found that CHA, S-PIA and the antagonist, PACPX were
      more active in displacing CHA than CPA. In general however, CPA has a binding
      profile very similar to that observed with CHA.

PMID- 3703022
TI  - [Risks of estrogens in the prevention of osteoporosis].

PMID- 3703021
TI  - [Hemoptysis in children: an alarming symptom].

PMID- 3703023
TI  - [Sexuality and diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 3703024
TI  - [Is resection justified in patients with a cardia carcinoma and lymph gland
      metastasis?].

PMID- 3703025
TI  - [Consensus conference on osteoporosis].

PMID- 3703026
TI  - [Intussusception of the rectum: imagination or reality?].

PMID- 3703027
TI  - [A radiological study of the mechanism of rectal prolapse and the results of
      posterior proctopexy].

PMID- 3703028
TI  - [Propranolol poisoning].

PMID- 3703029
TI  - [Euthanasia, law and medical ethics].

PMID- 3703030
TI  - [Anemia due to practicing sports; an innocent 'side effect' of a healthy hobby].

PMID- 3703031
TI  - [Provisional position on the new virostatic agent acyclovir].

PMID- 3703032
TI  - [Nursing home, hospital, graying].

PMID- 3703033
TI  - [The administration of corticosteroid ointments and creams].

PMID- 3703034
TI  - [Alternative nutrition].

PMID- 3703035
TI  - [Alcohol injection into the hypophysis for pain relief in metastasized malignant
      conditions].

PMID- 3703036
TI  - [Pain in cancer].

PMID- 3703037
TI  - [In vitro fertilization: cooperation between peripheral hospitals and a central
      laboratory].

PMID- 3703038
TI  - [Characteristics of nursing home patients].

PMID- 3703039
TI  - [The treatment of cystic fibrosis].

PMID- 3703040
TI  - [Treatment of patients with carcinoma of the head of the pancreas].

PMID- 3703041
TI  - [Milk-alkali syndrome].

PMID- 3703042
TI  - [Doctor, I have a hernia; can I get a shot?].

PMID- 3703043
TI  - [The extra-intracranial bypass operation: results of an international randomized
      study].

PMID- 3703044
TI  - [The impending loss of screening for cervix uteri carcinoma in the Netherlands].

PMID- 3703045
TI  - [Chemonucleolysis in the treatment of lumbar nucleus pulposus hernia in young
      patients].

PMID- 3703046
TI  - [Localization of the gene for the adult form of polycystic kidneys on the short
      arm of chromosome 16].

PMID- 3703047
TI  - [Psychological aspects of gastric partitioning, surgical treatment of patients
      with extreme obesity; preliminary results].

PMID- 3703048
TI  - [Benefits of routine determinations at the time of admission to a clinic for
      internal medicine].

PMID- 3703049
TI  - [Depression: out of the family, into the hospital].

PMID- 3703050
TI  - [AIDS in the Netherlands, 1982-1985].

PMID- 3703051
TI  - What we as doctors can do to save lives: safety belt usage.

PMID- 3703052
TI  - Nontuberculous mycobacteria: a case report and review of the literature.

PMID- 3703053
TI  - The twenty-five most common multiple congenital anomaly syndromes in Nebraska.

PMID- 3703054
TI  - Pediatric gastroenteritis associated with Aeromonas sobria and Campylobacter
      jejuni.

PMID- 3703055
TI  - Abdominal roentgenographic findings in acute pancreatitis.

PMID- 3703056
TI  - Angiosarcoma of the breast: a case report and review of the literature.

PMID- 3703057
TI  - Percutaneous marrow injection for an ununited tibia.

PMID- 3703058
TI  - Business of medicine vs. medicine as a business.

PMID- 3703059
TI  - Results of treatment of chronic pain at a multidisciplinary pain center.

PMID- 3703060
TI  - Neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

PMID- 3703062
TI  - Delayed-type hypersensitivity skin reaction in the chronically uremic mouse:
      influence of severity and duration of uremia on the development of response.
AB  - A technique of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin reaction to a contact
      sensitizing agent, oxazolone, was used to assess the effects of uremia on cell
      mediated immunity in chronically uremic mice and, for comparison, sham-operated
      and normal controls. The first objective was to establish that DTH responses are
      reduced in animals with renal failure. To do this, mice were made uremic by a
      combination of electrocoagulation of the entire surface of one kidney and
      subsequent contralateral nephrectomy; studies included biochemical and
      hematological evaluation using blood urea nitrogen level and hemoglobin
      concentration as routine indices to assess the degree and consequence of uremia,
      respectively. The second objective was to apply the technique to observe and
      compare changes during uremic states of varying severity and duration. A modest,
      although significant, decrease in both the induction and maintenance of DTH
      responses was observed in the mice with severe renal failure only (BUN above 100
      mg/dl). This immunosuppressive effect was manifest early and persisted unchanged
      throughout the entire observation period (3-9 weeks). This study presents new
      evidence that severe uremia readily produces in the mouse sustained, albeit mild,
      changes in cell-mediated immunity. Furthermore the ability to elicit DTH skin
      reaction in the chronically uremic mouse offers a versatile system for studying
      changes in cell-mediated immunity occurring during uremia with a broad range of
      potential applicability.

PMID- 3703061
TI  - Is current research into basement membrane chemistry and ultrastructure providing
      any new insights into the way the glomerular basement membrane functions.

PMID- 3703063
TI  - Pathologic fractures associated with idiopathic amyloidosis of bone in chronic
      hemodialysis patients.
AB  - Amyloid bone lesions were found in 2 chronic hemodialysis patients presenting
      with pathologic hip fractures. These amyloid deposits were noted as lytic defects
      on plain skeletal radiographs. No evidence for disseminated amyloidosis was
      discovered on physical examination, skin biopsy, or bone marrow biopsy. Myeloma,
      other plasma cell dyscrasia, and preceding chronic inflammatory states were not
      found in either patient. The amyloid deposits had staining characteristics
      suggestive of secondary amyloid based on the potassium permanganate reaction.
      Isolated amyloid bone deposits should be included in the differential diagnosis
      of lytic bone lesions or pathologic fractures in chronic dialysis patients.

PMID- 3703064
TI  - Contrasting effects of amphotericin B and the solvent sodium desoxycholate on
      peritoneal transport.
AB  - To distinguish amphotericin B effects on peritoneal transport from those of the
      solvent, sodium desoxycholate, dialyses in intact rabbits with either substance
      added intraperitoneally were compared to controls. Powered amphotericin B added
      to instilled dialysis fluid increased peritoneal ultrafiltration from 0.31 to
      0.44 ml/kg/min (p less than 0.02), but did not affect mass transport (e.g. urea
      clearance changed from 0.86 to 1.04 ml/kg/min). In contrast, 10 mg of
      desoxycholate induced peritoneal irritation and raised clearances of urea (0.76
      1.34 ml/kg/min), potassium, phosphate and dextrose, but did not affect
      ultrafiltration. Intraperitoneally, 1 mg/kg of desoxycholate changed clearances
      inconsistently, but lowered the ultrafiltration rate from 0.33 to 0.21 ml/kg/min.
      The dialysate-plasma dextrose gradient dissipated faster with 10 mg/kg of
      desoxycholate. Amphotericin B tended to raise ultrafiltration per osmotic
      gradient and mass transport of sodium. Selective increase in fluid flux results
      from amphotericin B, not its solvent.

PMID- 3703065
TI  - Glomerulonephritis in diabetic patients and its effect on the prognosis.
AB  - Renal biopsies were obtained from 164 patients with diabetes mellitus. Their
      histological changes were evaluated together with clinical findings and
      prognosis. In 36 patients, various types of glomerulonephritis were complicated:
      mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (17 patients), membranous
      glomerulonephritis (8), endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis (5),
      membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (4) and minimal change nephrotic
      syndrome (2). Superimposed glomerulonephritis was suspected in diabetic patients
      with a short history of less than 5 years, persistent proteinuria, occasional
      hematuria and no retinopathy. They may, however, produce little effects on the
      long-term prognosis of diabetic patients except membranoproliferative
      glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 3703066
TI  - Silicon metabolism. I. Some aspects of renal silicon handling in normal man.
AB  - Renal silicon handling was investigated in 23 healthy adults using electrothermal
      atomic absorption techniques. The mean urinary silicon excretion was 33.1 +/-
      3.85 mg/day; the mean renal silicon clearance was 88.6 +/- 7.94 ml/min; the mean
      fractional excretion of silicon was 86.35 +/- 8.1%, and the mean urine silicon
      concentration was 0.265 micrograms/ml. Using multiple correlation analysis, the
      urinary silicon was found to be highly significantly correlated with the urine
      magnesium concentration (p less than 0.001) and also with urinary sodium and
      urinary osmolality (p less than 0.01). 24-hour urinary silicon excretion was
      highly significantly correlated with fractional excretion of silicon (p less than
      0.001), sodium (p less than 0.001), phosphorus (p less than 0.001), magnesium (p
      less than 0.001), and osmolar load. In split urine studies in 7 subjects urinary
      silicon was correlated highly significantly with urinary magnesium in all 7 and
      with urinary osmolality, urine calcium, and urine creatine concentration in 6 of
      7. There was a highly significant correlation between renal silicon clearance and
      fractional excretion of silicon (p less than 0.0005), with magnesium excretion (p
      less than 0.01), and with sodium excretion. It is suggested that ion pairing of
      orthosilicate and magnesium may explain some of these urinary findings.

PMID- 3703068
TI  - A new possibility to analyse urinary proteins: isoelectrofocusing with
      immobilized pH gradients.
AB  - As a new method for the analysis of proteinuria isoelectricfocusing with
      immobilized pH gradients is introduced. Ths new approach has several advantages
      over the conventional methods. The applicability is demonstrated by analysing the
      long-term changes in proteinuria of a 5/6 nephrectomized rat. Soon after 5/6
      nephrectomy, a glomerular pattern of protein excretion predominates which later
      on is followed by a tubular pattern.

PMID- 3703067
TI  - Plasma from uninephrectomized rats increases 32P incorporation into phospholipids
      of renal cortical slices.
AB  - Incorporation of 32P into phospholipids of renal cortical slices was studied in
      vitro after addition of plasma from uninephrectomized or sham-operated rats.
      Plasma from uninephrectomized rats increased the labeling of phospholipids when
      obtained within the first hour after uninephrectomy. With different amounts of
      added plasma a graded response in labeling of phosphatidic acid and
      phosphatidylinositol was obtained. Phosphatidylcholine labeling also showed a
      graded response but only if the incubation was prolonged. The results suggest
      that an early alteration in phospholipid metabolism, particularly of inositol
      lipids, may play a role in initiation of compensatory renal growth by humoral
      factor(s).

PMID- 3703069
TI  - Osmotic fragility of red blood cells, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and uremia.

PMID- 3703070
TI  - Zinc deficiency and haem synthesis: an additional problem in uraemia.

PMID- 3703071
TI  - Intraocular pressure and hemodialysis.

PMID- 3703072
TI  - Hemodialysis via Shaldon catheter for 40 months: an unique experience in a 24
      year-old patient.

PMID- 3703073
TI  - Decreased prostaglandin-9-ketoreductase activity in erythrocytes of patients on
      maintenance hemodialysis.

PMID- 3703074
TI  - Amyloid deposits and maintenance haemodialysis.

PMID- 3703075
TI  - Chemiluminescence and lymphocyte transformation of immune cells in experimental
      uremia.

PMID- 3703076
TI  - Ethanol-induced water diuresis: one of a spectrum of renal defects resulting from
      ethanol toxicity.

PMID- 3703077
TI  - [Segmentation of the lumbar radicular canal].
AB  - The lumbar CT horizontal sections identification requires three levels to be
      defined of each vertebra: The arthropedicular level (upper third) describes an
      (omega) at the back with its dense bone structures. At each side of the canal is
      the upper part of the lateral recess, the narrowest and therefore the most
      threatened part of the nerve root passage. The isthmopedicular level (middle
      third) describes a complete bone ring around the vertebral canal. On this non
      articular level, the congenital dysplasia is most clearly observed. The
      subpedicular level (lower third) with its muscular surrounding, shows a floral
      outline. A fourth level, intervertebral or discal, is added. It is very similar
      to the last one and of course is the most common point of disco-radicular
      conflict. Each level appears to be specific, both by the silhouette outlined by
      the ligament and bone structures and by the relationship which they have with the
      meninges. Each of them has its own pathology which precisely directs the surgical
      approach.

PMID- 3703078
TI  - [Technical considerations on lumbar disk surgery. Results of a survey of 49
      centers].
AB  - The lumbar discectomy, how do you see it? That could be the title of this inquiry
      which 49 neurosurgeons answered. At first we discuss the timing of the operation
      (as a rule sooner than the conventional indication of the third month) the use of
      operative microscope which is still uncommon (11 surgeons out of 49) and the
      operative policy. The more specific technical features regarding the different
      stages of the operation are then analysed. Opinions of neurosurgeons differ on
      many points particularly on the ligament and bone removal which exposes the disco
      radicular conflict: whereas one third of the neurosurgeons refuse to open the
      lumbar facet joint, one third always open it widely and the remaining third take
      a mid-way position. On the whole, this inquiry points cut both a great diversity
      in technical details, but also a stagnation because this operation hardy improved
      and only slightly benefited from the technical progress.

PMID- 3703079
TI  - [Treatment of disk sciatica by chemonucleolysis. Apropos of 166 cases].

PMID- 3703080
TI  - [Differential diagnosis between epiduritis and constraint of hernial origin].

PMID- 3703081
TI  - [Reoperation after treatment of a disk hernia. Comparison between radiology and
      surgical findings in 18 cases].
AB  - Eighteen patients with recurrent sciatica after lumbar disc surgery were
      investigated by both, myelography and computed tomography (CT) before
      reoperation. The radiological diagnosis according to the original x-ray report
      was correlated with the surgical findings at reoperation. Myelography reports
      describe morphological changes but often contain no definite diagnosis. CT
      reports usually contain detailed tissue diagnosis, but correlation with surgical
      findings is generally poor. Review of the original x-ray films leads to the
      following conclusions: At present, myelography is always indicated, except in
      suspected extreme lateral disc herniation. CT should be reserved for particular
      clinical or myelographic problems.

PMID- 3703082
TI  - [X-ray computed tomography of the intervertebral foramen].

PMID- 3703083
TI  - [Neuropsychological and mental profiles in severe post-traumatic diffuse brain
      lesions. 103 cases].
AB  - By studying a series of 103 head severe injured patients who survived and were
      not vegetative, following post-traumatic diffuse brain damage with clinical signs
      of axial impairment, the authors stress the importance of using a
      neuropsychological assessment in order to approach the outcome quality, that the
      common outcome scales cannot disclose by themselves. They are leading to be
      careful with regard to the disorders specificity and the merely traumatic origin
      of sequelae. Moreover they stress the difficulty in predicting the morbidity
      during the acute stage and only retain the quality of the awake stage and the
      ventricular size evaluated 3 months following the trauma, as reliable predicting
      factors. The results point out the disorders heterogeneity observed by that type
      of head injured patients, despite of the striking constancy of memory defect.

PMID- 3703084
TI  - [Extreme lateral lumbar disk herniation. Apropos of a series of 25 cases].
AB  - Twenty-five cases of extreme lateral disc herniation (ELDH) were identified
      amongst 680 operated lumbar discs (3.7%). Their anatomical, radiological and
      clinical features are presented. They were found at all levels between L3 and S1.
      At the L5-S1 level 12 ELDH occurred amongst 253 disc herniations (5%), at the L4
      L5 level, 8 ELDH amongst 400 herniations (2%), and at the L3-L4 level, 5 ELDH
      amongst 21 herniations (24%). No clinical features were encountered which could
      allow to differentiate between an ELDH and a classical disc herniation of the
      above level. Twenty-three patients underwent lumbar myelogram. This was normal in
      6. In 12 it showed a slight shortening and widening of the above situated nerve
      root sleeve. The same abnormality can be found with downward migration of a
      classical herniation of the above situated disc or with a lateral recess
      stenosis. Twenty-five patients underwent computed tomography (CT.). In 24, the
      ELDH could be unequivocally identified. Disc material occupied the intervertebral
      foramen or the extravertebral space just beyond it, replacing the normal fat. In
      order to identify an ELDH, CT has to be done whenever myelogram is normal or
      equivocal. If the patient is to be investigated by CT only, slices through the
      intervertebral foramen and the disc below the clinically suspicious level have to
      be included. Operation in all cases consisted in total or partial unilateral
      laminectomy with facetectomy.

PMID- 3703085
TI  - [External and internal hydrocephalus caused by an arteriovenous malformation in
      an infant].
AB  - In a 9 month-old infant, who displayed an epileptic seizure, the Brain CT-Scan
      shows a ventricular enlargement and a bilateral pericerebral effusion, associated
      with a left parieto-temporal arterio-venous malformation. Angiogram reveals a
      small angioma shunting the blood flow from the left middle cerebral artery into
      the lateral sinus. Intracranial pressure, recorded with a fontanellar transducer,
      is borderline. The angioma is excised and the operation, during which the
      subarachnoid location of the pericerebral effusion is confirmed, is followed by
      gradual subsiding of the internal and external hydrocephalus, that was caused by
      enhancement of the pressure in the venous sinuses. This case belongs to an
      infantile form of Benign Intracranial Hypertension, in which CT-Scan has to be
      interpreted cautiously, to avoid the pitfall of a wrong diagnosis of brain
      atrophy.

PMID- 3703086
TI  - [Dorsal vertebral chordoma with intrathoracic invasion. Surgical treatment of a
      case].
AB  - A case of thoracic spinal chordoma extending into the postero-inferior
      mediastinal region is reported. This case was treated by sub-total surgical
      removal and subsequent radiotherapy. The radiologic features and the possible
      surgical treatment of this particular tumor with intrathoracic extension are
      discussed.

PMID- 3703087
TI  - [Value of the mobilization of the orbito-zygomatico-malar flap].
AB  - The authors describes the technique of mobilization of orbito-zygomatico-malar
      bloch. In some affections it is justiciable to use this approach which provides
      an excellent view of the lateral region of the skull base and permits the access
      to the base of the tumour in some indications and always extracerebral approach.

PMID- 3703088
TI  - [Extraperitoneal approach to the lumbar spine and lumbosacral region].
AB  - Lumbar surgery is currently benefiting from the development of anterior approach
      to the spine and the possibilities of body reconstruction by plate and bony
      graft. The anterior extraperitoneal approach enables access to the spine. The
      Fraser approach expose the lumbar and the lumbo sacral spine.

PMID- 3703089
TI  - [The extra-spinal disk hernia: diagnostic pitfalls and surgical approach].

PMID- 3703090
TI  - Prenatal ethanol exposure in rats does not alter maze exploration or impair
      visual discrimination with or without distracting stimuli.
AB  - The effects of in utero exposure to ethanol on maze exploration and visual
      discrimination and reversal with and without distracting tactile stimuli present
      were examined in rats. Three groups were compared on all measures. An ethanol
      treated group was the offspring of dams receiving a liquid diet throughout
      pregnancy with 35% of the calories supplied as ethanol. Subjects in a pair-fed
      group were the offspring of dams fed the same diet except that the caloric
      equivalent of maltose-dextrin was substituted for the ethanol. Subjects in a
      third group were the offspring of dams fed ad lib lab chow and water throughout
      pregnancy. All pups were nursed by foster mothers who received ad lib lab chow
      and water throughout pregnancy and nursing. Relative to the control groups, the
      ethanol treated group was not found to be significantly more active in the maze
      at 41-45 days of age or deficient in visual discrimination or reversal with or
      without the distracting stimuli present at 46-77 days of age. These results are
      consistent with many studies suggesting that behavioral deficits resulting from
      in utero ethanol exposure become less evident with age.

PMID- 3703091
TI  - Toluene-induced ototoxicity by subcutaneous administration.
AB  - Inhalation exposure of rats to toluene causes irreversible hearing loss (e.g.,
      Pryor et al.). To determine whether noise emanating from the inhalation system
      was a major contributing factor and whether exposure by a noninhalation route
      would cause a similar effect, weanling, male Fischer-344 rats were injected SC
      twice daily in a quiet environment with PEG-300 (control) or with 1.5 or 1.7 g/kg
      of toluene for 7 days. After being trained to perform a multisensory conditioned
      avoidance response (CAR) task, tone intensity-response functions were generated
      at 4, 8, 12, and 20 kHz, and behavioral auditory response thresholds were
      estimated. Toluene caused a dose-related hearing loss at frequencies of 8 kHz and
      above, with no effect on performance of the CAR in response to light, nonaversive
      footshock, or the 4-kHz tone. The similarity of this effect to that observed
      following inhalation exposure indicates that noise is not a major factor in the
      toluene-induced hearing loss, although possible interactions between noise and
      toluene remain to be investigated. These results also demonstrate that direct
      penetration of the toluene vapors through the external ear structure, as might
      occur during inhalation exposure, is not a necessary condition for inducing the
      hearing loss.

PMID- 3703092
TI  - Effects of short-term prenatal alcohol exposure on maze, activity, and olfactory
      orientation performance in rats.
AB  - Long-Evans rats were gavaged twice each day with 4 g/kg/day, of ethanol on days
      10-14 of gestation. Ethanol and control offspring were reared by untreated
      surrogate dams to minimize possible postnatal maternal treatment influences.
      Ethanol-exposed offspring exhibited delayed olfactory orientation
      (discrimination) to home cage scent and delayed lower incisor eruption compared
      to pair-fed or ad lib fed controls. After weaning, the ethanol offspring
      exhibited increased open-field section entries, particularly of centrally located
      sections, and facilitated swimming performance in a water maze. Ethanol exposure
      significantly decreased weight gain and increased postnatal, but not prenatal,
      mortality in the progeny. The female ethanol offspring also showed delayed
      vaginal patency development. This was due to large delays in vaginal development
      in a small number of individuals in this group; no such lag was seen in any
      members of either control group. The data confirm that short-term prenatal
      alcohol exposure can produce many of the behavioral effects previously reported
      when alcohol is administered throughout most or all of pregnancy.

PMID- 3703093
TI  - Postnatal neurobehavioral development in rats exposed in utero to caffeine.
AB  - Potential behavioral and teratogenic effects of caffeine were studied in Charles
      River CD albino rats. Caffeine in distilled water was given by gavage to pregnant
      rats (dams) at doses of 5, 25, 50 or 75 mg/kg on Days 3-19 of gestation.
      Concurrent controls received distilled water gavage (10 ml/kg) on the same days.
      Dams were allowed to deliver normally. Physical and behavioral observations were
      made on dams during gestation and lactation and on F1 offspring through 9 weeks
      of age. Caffeine decreased body weights and food intake and increased water
      intake in gestating dams but these effects dissipated during lactation.
      Spontaneous locomotor activity (PAC) and open field (OF) were increased
      immediately after caffeine gavage but not before. Parturition was slightly
      delayed. With analyses of data based on individual pups the following effects
      were noted. Pre- and post-weaning offspring body weights were decreased in
      females at 50 and 75 mg/kg and in males at 75 mg/kg. Incisor eruption was delayed
      in females at 5, 50 and 75 mg/kg and in males at all doses. Auditory startle
      developed earlier in the 5 mg/kg dose group but was delayed at 75 mg/kg for males
      only. Eye opening was delayed in both sexes at 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg. In females,
      vaginal opening was delayed at 5, 25 and 75 mg/kg and 9-week ovary weights were
      increased at 75 mg/kg. In postweaning males, food intake was decreased and water
      intake was increased with increasing dose. In males, PAC was decreased at 75
      mg/kg only on Day 12. At 7 weeks of age, step-down passive avoidance was
      decreased at 5 and 25 mg/kg but increased at 50 and 75 mg/kg, and at 8 weeks of
      age, shuttlebox active avoidance was decreased with increasing dose. Maternal and
      offspring behaviors were only weakly correlated. Correction for litter effect in
      developmental data yielded fewer significant results and only at 50 and 75 mg/kg.
      The issue of whether it is always appropriate to correct for "litter effect" is
      discussed.

PMID- 3703094
TI  - Altered pyramidal cell dendritic development in the motor cortex of lead
      intoxicated neonatal rats. A Golgi study.
AB  - Neonatal Long-Evans rat pups were given the standard dose, 600 mg of lead acetate
      per kg of body weight every 24 hours beginning one day after birth until a
      cumulative dose of 2400 mg/kg (4 doses) had been administered via stomach
      intubation. Blood lead levels in lead treated rats averaged 526.35 micrograms/dl
      at 10 days of age. Blood lead values in age-matched controls averaged 0.079
      microgram/dl. The body weights of the lead treated rats were not significantly
      different than control rats at 30 days of age. The brain weights were
      significantly greater than those of control rats at 30 days. Camera lucida
      drawings of pyramidal cells from motor cortex of control rats contained
      significantly (54%) more secondary and tertiary branches extending laterally from
      the primary apical dendrite than pyramidal cells of lead treated rats. The
      dendritic branches were numbered according to their branching point away from the
      soma. There was a significant reduction in the number of 4, 5, 6, and 7th order
      branches extending from the apical dendrite and 3 and 4th order branches
      extending from the basal dendrites in the leaded-rats. The mean dendritic length
      was reduced by 19% in basal dendrites and by 28% in apical dendrites.
      Measurements of dendritic material by the Scholl method revealed 17% reduction in
      the basal dendrites and a 36% reduction in the apical dendritic material in
      treated rats. These results suggest that neonatal lead exposure alters the
      dendritic development of pyramidal cells of rat motor cortex.

PMID- 3703095
TI  - The effects of postnatal lead toxicity on the development of cerebellum in rats.
AB  - Long-Evans hooded rat pups were given 600 mg/kg body weight lead acetate every 24
      hours via stomach intubation beginning one day after birth until an accumulative
      dose of 2400 mg/kg was administered. The body weights of the lead treated rat
      pups at 10 and 30 days of age were not significantly decreased when compared to
      controls. The brain weights at 10 and 30 days of age in the lead exposed rats was
      significantly greater than those of the control rats. Blood lead levels averaged
      526.35 micrograms/dl at 10 days of age in lead treated rats and 0.079
      microgram/dl in controls. Quantitative histological examination and Golgi
      analysis of the cerebellum revealed a number of alterations in the lead treated
      rats. Lead exposure resulted in a significant decrease in the molecular layer
      width (72%). The granule cell density was depressed in the lead exposed rats,
      despite the observation that the granule cell layer width did not differ
      significantly in the two groups. This suggests that the granule cell packing in
      this layer was decreased. The Golgi study revealed a reduction in the dendritic
      arborization of these cells in the treated rats at 30 days of age. There was a
      20% reduction in height and a 14% reduction in width in the Purkinje cells
      dendrites of the lead exposed rats when compared to Purkinje cells of age matched
      controls. Estimation of the amount of dendritic material by the Scholl method
      revealed a 40% decrease in the dendritic arborization of Purkinje cells following
      lead exposure.

PMID- 3703096
TI  - Behavioral effects of mid-pregnancy administration of lidocaine and mepivacaine
      in the rat.
AB  - Sperm-positive female Long-Evans hooded rats were injected with 6 mg/kg lidocaine
      (with epinephrine), 6 mg/kg mepivacaine, or saline, into the masseter muscle of
      the jaw on Day 11 of gestation. Birth, growth, and litter composition were
      unaffected by the drug treatment, as was shuttle box acquisition. Offspring of
      drug-treated dams had longer latencies than controls on the first day of negative
      geotaxis training, and were more sensitive to electric footshock. Lidocaine-dosed
      offspring responded less in the presence of the correct cue in the visual
      discrimination task, and mepivacaine-dosed animals were hypoactive in the open
      field. In a second study, offspring of lidocaine-dosed dams were slower to
      develop the righting reflex, made more errors in acquiring a water maze, had
      longer suppression times in a conditioned suppression task, and had longer
      latencies in the tail flick test. Dosing had no effect upon birth and growth,
      shuttle box, or footshock sensitivity. These data demonstrate that midgestational
      exposure to lidocaine or mepivacaine at a dose near the limits of permissible
      human exposure produces significant behavioral changes in the offspring. This
      preliminary study suggests that development of some portion of the central
      nervous system is altered by such exposure. Further work is required to determine
      the parameters and the extent of the effect.

PMID- 3703097
TI  - Neuromotor function in rats during subchronic dietary exposure to triphenyl
      phosphate.
AB  - The possibility that dietary exposure to triphenyl phosphate (TPP) may result in
      detectable neuromotor dysfunction was investigated. Young male Sprague-Dawley
      rats were fed diets containing TPP at levels of 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 or 1.0% for 4
      months. At approximately monthly intervals, a battery of behavioral tests was
      administered to assess different facets of neuromotor function including
      motility, balance, coordination and muscular strength. Treatment-related
      decrements in growth, in the absence of changes in food consumption, were found
      at all dietary levels above 0.25%. However, none of the behavioral measures used
      in this study were affected by the dietary treatment. It was concluded that there
      is no evidence of neuromotor toxicity following subchronic dietary exposure to
      TPP in the rat.

PMID- 3703098
TI  - Behavioral effects of 0 and 0.05% blood alcohol in male volunteers.
AB  - Five behavioral tests were evaluated to determine their sensitivity to the subtle
      central nervous system (CNS) depressant effects produced by ingestion of ethanol.
      Twenty-one adult male volunteers received 0 and 1.4 ml 100 proof vodka/kg body
      weight according to a "double-blind" crossover design. Behavioral tests were
      conducted between 15 and 65 minutes after ethanol ingestion, when blood alcohol
      concentrations (BAC's) were between 0.05 and 0.06%. Tests evaluated were
      Archimedes spiral, digit span memory, critical flicker fusion, stabilometry and
      tachistoscope. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) using composite scores
      representing the individual tests indicated that the battery as a whole was
      sensitive to ethanol effects. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) on
      each test indicated that critical flicker fusion, stabilometry and tachistoscope
      contributed more to the overall sensitivity of the battery than did digit span
      memory and Archimedes spiral.

PMID- 3703099
TI  - Regulation and evolving science: neurobehavioral toxicology.
AB  - A number of policy and scientific issues are associated with the introduction of
      emerging or non-traditional scientific disciplines into the governmental
      regulatory apparatus. The present discussion derives from the issue of the extent
      of toxicological testing required for the evaluation of the health and safety
      aspects of pesticides and other compounds at the Environmental Protection Agency.
      The area of neurobehavioral toxicology is used as a case study for the
      introduction of a new biological endpoint into the regulatory arena. In that
      context, this paper addresses the following policy/regulatory issues: why expand
      the endpoints for toxicity testing from those currently in use; what is the
      current regulatory situation; what are the alternative means by which a new
      endpoint could be incorporated into the regulatory process; what would be the
      consequences of requiring examination of new endpoints? In the process of
      evaluating those issues, scientific issues involved with the selection of test
      systems are discussed. They include the selection of particular tests, the
      testing strategy, and the validity, reliability and sensitivity of the tests.

PMID- 3703100
TI  - Acute and sub-acute effects of deltamethrin and chlordimeform on schedule
      controlled responding in the mouse.
AB  - The effects of deltamethrin (0.03-3 mg/kg) and chlordimeform (0.3-56 mg/kg) were
      examined on schedule-controlled responding in the mouse. The response
      (interruption of a photocell beam) was maintained under a fixed-interval (FI) 60
      sec schedule of milk delivery. Acute doses of deltamethrin larger than 0.1 mg/kg
      decreased responding in a dose-related manner. The ED50 was approximately 1
      mg/kg; 3 mg/kg abolished responding. Repeated administration of 3 mg/kg (once
      daily for 10 days) did not result in a change in the rate-decreasing effects of
      that dose; however, daily (pre-injection) control response rates decreased about
      50%. When dosing was discontinued, rates of responding failed to completely
      return to pre-drug control levels. Acute doses of chlordimeform larger than 10
      mg/kg decreased responding in all mice, but in mice not previously receiving
      drugs lower doses had a greater rate-decreasing effect. The ED50 was between 10
      30 mg/kg; 56 mg/kg abolished responding. Repeated administration of 3 and 10
      mg/kg had little effect. Repeated administration of 30 and 56 mg/kg abolished
      daily (pre-injection) control performances completely after 5-6 days. Responding
      gradually returned to control levels after dosing was discontinued. The
      behavioral toxicity of both chlordimeform and deltamethrin was augmented by
      repeated administration.

PMID- 3703101
TI  - A simplified radioimmunoassay of plasma nortriptyline in depressed patients
      compared with high-pressure liquid chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography.
AB  - Antiserum to nortriptyline was generated in male New Zealand rabbits innoculated
      with n-succinylnortriptyline-bovine serum albumin conjugates. The antiserum was
      used at a final dilution of 1:4000 and tritiated imipramine was used as the label
      antigen. An accurate, sensitive, and specific radioimmunoassay of depressed
      patients' plasma or serum nortriptyline is described. The accuracy was good with
      a recovery range of 90-100% with a mean of 94%. The method can be used to measure
      nortriptyline concentration in the range of 0.1 microgram/liter to 100
      micrograms/liter without prior extraction and purification of plasma or serum.
      Results of this method correlate well with those obtained by high-pressure liquid
      chromatography (r = 0.979) and by gas-liquid chromatography (r = 0.98). The
      specificity of the antiserum was examined by studying the cross-reactivity of 20
      different psychopharmacological compounds, including nortriptyline's metabolites.

PMID- 3703103
TI  - Turnover of palmitic and arachidonic acids in the phospholipids from different
      brain areas of adult and aged rats.
AB  - [3H]Palmitic acid and [14C]arachidonic acid were injected together into the
      cerebral ventricle of 4-month and 24-month-old rats. At different time intervals
      from the injection, the distribution of these fatty acids in the lipids from
      different brain areas was examined. The fatty acids were rapidly incorporated
      into the lipids through different mechanisms. The time-specific activity
      relationship indicate that the utilization of the fatty acid differs according to
      the different areas and aging decreases the utilization of both the fatty acids.
      The decline of arachidonic acid incorporation into phospholipids is particularly
      evident, indicating that aging affects mainly the utilization of polyunsaturated
      fatty acids.

PMID- 3703102
TI  - Reduced labeling of brain phosphatidylinositol, triacylglycerols, and
      diacylglycerols by [1-14C]arachidonic acid after electroconvulsive shock:
      potentiation of the effect by adrenergic drugs and comparison with palmitic acid
      labeling.
AB  - The effect of electroconvulsive shock on the labeling of phospholipids and
      neutral lipids in mice brains was examined after intracerebral injection of [1
      14C] arachidonic acid or [1-14C]palmitic acid. Electroconvulsive shock reduced
      greatly the removal of radiolabeled arachidonic acid from the free fatty acid
      pool. At the same time, the incorporation of arachidonic acid was partially
      inhibited in triacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, and phosphatidylinositol, whereas
      the incorporation of [1-14C]palmitic acid was not affected. Pretreatment with
      desipramine and pargyline potentiated the lipid effect of electroconvulsive shock
      in neutral glycerides. These electroconvulsive shock-induced changes reflect
      alterations in the metabolism of intracerebrally injected arachidonic acid, but
      not of similarly injected palmitic acid. From the available data whether
      decreased ATP, enzyme inhibition or other factors are involved cannot be
      ascertained. Moreover, the electroconvulsive shock-enhanced endogenous free
      arachidonic acid may possibly dilute the injected radiolabeled fatty acid, thus
      decreasing its availability for arachidonoyl-coenzyme A synthesis. Hence, a
      partial inhibition of the activation-acylation of these fatty acids, primarily
      arachidonic acid, also may be involved in the seizure-induced accumulation of
      free fatty acids in the brain.

PMID- 3703104
TI  - The subcellular distribution of a membrane-bound calmodulin-stimulated protein
      kinase.
AB  - Incubation of subcellular fractions isolated from rat cerebral cortex with [gamma
      32P]ATP results in the phosphorylation of a number of proteins including two with
      apparent molecular weights of approximately 50,000 and 60,000 daltons. These
      phosphoproteins were shown to be the autophosphorylated subunits of a calmodulin
      stimulated protein kinase by a number of physicochemical criteria, including
      their mobility on non-equilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis, their
      phosphopeptide profiles and phosphorylation characteristics. When a crude
      membrane fraction obtained following osmotic lysis of a P2 fraction was labeled
      and subsequently fractionated on sucrose density gradients, approximately 80% of
      the autophosphorylated kinase was associated with fractions enriched in synaptic
      plasma membranes. Other substrates of calmodulin kinase(s) were similarly
      distributed. Detergent extraction of synaptic plasma membranes to produce
      synaptic junctions and post-synaptic densities indicated that the majority of the
      autophosphorylated kinase was solubilized, apparently as a holoenzyme. The major
      post synaptic density protein (mPSDp) was not readily extracted by detergents and
      was largely unlabeled under the conditions used for phosphorylation, and yet this
      protein is structurally closely related to the kinase subunit. It is possible
      that this lack of labeling is due to the mPSDp being attached to the PSD in a
      different way or being present there in a different isoenzymic form from that of
      the readily autophosphorylated enzyme subunit. Thus, the data suggest that, in
      vitro at least, a number of pools of calmodulin kinase exist in neuronal
      membranes.

PMID- 3703105
TI  - Induction of a heat shock protein in the isolated mammalian retina.
AB  - The effects of elevated ambient temperature and addition of the psychotropic drug
      LSD on protein synthesis in the isolated rabbit retina were investigated. Two
      dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by fluorography of proteins synthesized
      in vitro demonstrated that synthesis of a heat shock protein of molecular weight
      74,000 (74K) was induced by the elevation of temperature and not by the addition
      of LSD. The appearance of this heat shock protein was shown to be dependent upon
      the synthesis of new RNA as shown by the addition of actinomycin-D to the
      incubation medium. The newly synthesized heat shock protein was associated with
      both nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions.

PMID- 3703106
TI  - Peroxisomal oxidation of lignoceric acid in rat brain.
AB  - The oxidation of [1-14C]lignoceric acid was studied in different subcellular
      fractions of rat brain. The highest specific activity for oxidation of [1
      14C]lignoceric acid to acetate was observed in the light mitochondrial fraction.
      The oxidation of [1-14C]lignoceric acid had an absolute requirement for CoASH and
      ATP. It was stimulated by NAD and FAD by 400 and 280 percent, respectively,
      whereas addition of carnitine and KCN had no effect. These properties suggest
      that in brain [1-14C]lignoceric acid is oxidized in peroxisomes.

PMID- 3703107
TI  - Antagonism of phencyclidine-induced hyperactivity by glycine in mice.
AB  - We tested the effect of glycine on phencyclidine (PCP)-induced hyperactivity in
      mice. Glycine antagonized the locomotor stimulating effect of PCP. Correlation
      was found between the degree of antagonistic effect and the size of the increase
      in glycine in the brain. The antagonism is not due to changes in uptake, since
      the elevation of glycine in plasma and brain had no effect on the cerebral uptake
      of PCP. This pharmacological action of glycine appears to be a central effect,
      but some peripheral effect can not be excluded. Since glycine is not toxic at
      levels needed for PCP antagonism, it could be considered for ameliorating PCP
      psychosis. The locomotor stimulating effect of PCP is strain dependent in mouse.
      Some strains are responsive, such as BALB/cBy and CXBK, and some are
      unresponsive, such as C57BL/6 and CXBH.

PMID- 3703108
TI  - Cerebellar metabolism of phosphatidylcholine and its hydrosoluble precursors
      during bicuculline-induced convulsive seizures.
AB  - The cerebellar incorporation of labeled choline into phosphatidylcholine (PC) and
      its hydrosoluble choline-containing precursors has been examined during the
      course of bicuculline-induced convulsive seizures. The labeling of phosphocholine
      and of PC diminished in these conditions whereas that of cytidine-5'-diphosphate
      choline (CDP-choline) was practically unaffected. Moreover, the cerebellar pools
      of phosphocholine and CDP-choline increased by 75-100% after 6 min of
      convulsions; these compounds were formed from lipid through the action of
      phospholipases or through the reverse action of choline phosphotransferase. From
      the data reported in this paper it should also be inferred that the
      cytidylyltransferase reaction was activated. It is therefore concluded that the
      cerebellar metabolism of PC and its precursors was affected in various ways by
      the bicuculline-induced convulsive seizures.

PMID- 3703109
TI  - Atrial muscarinic receptors: effect of Triton X-100 on guanine nucleotide and
      ammonium ion modulation.
AB  - Membranes isolated from bovine atria were labeled with [3H]quinuclidinyl
      benzylate (3H-QNB), in control conditions and after 0.02% Triton X-100. This
      treatment inactivated about 20% of muscarinic receptor sites without loss of
      protein. The remaining 80% sites showed no changes in affinity, as determined by
      equilibrium or kinetic binding. Competition experiments with carbachol showed no
      differences in IC50 and Hill number between the control and detergent-membranes,
      suggesting that the different populations of agonist binding sites are
      inactivated in equal proportions by the detergent. In binding experiments, done
      in the presence of carbachol and guanine nucleotides, the detergent treated
      membranes were slightly more sensitive to the enhancing action of the nucleotide.
      The inhibition caused by ammonium ions was also more marked in the Triton X-100
      treated membranes. The decay of binding with thermal inactivation was faster in
      the detergent treated membranes and this effect was enhanced in the presence of
      ammonium ions. These results may be interpreted as an indication that the
      receptors, remaining after the mild Triton X-100 treatment, are equally sensitive
      to the inactivation. We suggest that, while maintaining the heterogeneity of
      sites, the detergent produces a perturbation that could affect the molecular
      interactions between the receptor and other components of the membrane.

PMID- 3703111
TI  - A radiometric microassay for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transaminase.

PMID- 3703110
TI  - Subcellular distributions of calcium/calmodulin-stimulated and guanine nucleotide
      regulated adenylate cyclase activities in the cerebral cortex.
AB  - The subcellular distribution of Ca2+/calmodulin-stimulated adenylate cyclase
      activity was studied in comparison with that of guanine nucleotide-stimulated
      cyclase activity. The distributions of these activities were similar among the
      crude fractions but differed among the purified subsynaptosomal fractions. The
      specific activity of Ca2+/calmodulin-stimulated cyclase was highest in a light
      synaptic membrane fraction, which has few, if any, postsynaptic densities,
      whereas that of guanine nucleotide-stimulated cyclase was highest in a heavier
      synaptic membrane fraction rich in postsynaptic densities. These results suggest
      that the Ca2+/calmodulin-stimulated cyclase has, at least in part, a different
      cellular or subcellular location than the guanine nucleotide-stimulated cyclase.

PMID- 3703112
TI  - [Technical problems in intraoperative monitoring of sensory evoked potentials].
AB  - Recent advances in both the equipment and the recording technique of sensory
      evoked potentials (EP) have brought high levels of versatility and reliability of
      objective measurement to the assessment of nervous system function. They have
      also allowed the use of intraoperative evoked potentials. The operating room,
      however, is usually considered a hostile environment, where various kinds of
      artifacts from surgical manipulation and generated by electrical armamentaria
      disturb electrophysiological recordings. Although several authors have reported
      on intraoperative EP monitoring, they have described few of the practical details
      of recording techniques. Having developed an intraoperative recording technique
      for evoked potentials over the past 3 years, we present the technical measures
      taken to overcome interference and obtain sufficiently stable and reliable EP
      recordings for intraoperative monitoring. All electrical equipment used in the
      operating rooms must, of course, be grounded securely. Even after grounding in
      the usual manner, however, artifacts appeared intermittently. The source was
      found to be a Mayfield-Kees three-pin head rest and a self-retaining retractor,
      both of which seemed to pick up electromagnetic radiation originating from
      electrocauteries and others. These artifacts could be minimized by grounding the
      head pins all each point of insertion into the patient's head and by use of a
      silicon-coated spatula rather than a metal one. In addition automatic artifact
      rejection by voltage overload sensing seems to be indispensable to eliminate the
      effect of extraneous mechanical and electrical interference which occur
      inevitably in surgical procedures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3703113
TI  - [CT-myelography of cervical cord injury].
AB  - We reported seven cases of acute cervical cord injuries who were examined by CT
      Myelography (CTM) within 7 days after trauma. The presence or absence of spinal
      cord enlargement, the initial neurological status and the neurological prognosis
      of these patients were studied. The neurological status of each patient was
      graded by the method of Frankel who defined five grades from A to E according to
      the severity of neurological deficits. Seven patients were all males. The
      youngest was 18 and the oldest was 73 years old, with a mean age of 40.7 years.
      Follows up periods ranged from 7 to 23 months. RESULT: CTM revealed the
      enlargement of spinal cord in two cases, who had severe neurological deficits and
      were graded to A. No neurological improvements were obtained in these cases. Five
      cases without cord enlargement were graded to A in one patient, B in one patient
      and C in three patients. Four of these five patients improved neurologically. One
      grade C patient remained grade C. Complete block of subarachnoid space was
      observed in two out of seven cases. Cord enlargement was present in one of them.
      Another case of complete block improved from C to D. CONCLUSION: We consider the
      presence of cord enlargement which can be demonstrated by CTM well correlates the
      severity of the cord damage and presume poor neurological prognosis. Internal
      decompression, such as posterior longitudinal myelotomy may be recommended to the
      case of cord enlargement. When the cord enlargement is absent, improvement of
      neurological grade is expected although the initial neurological status shows
      severe deficits.

PMID- 3703114
TI  - [Incidence and characteristics of cerebrovascular disorders in children--critical
      analysis of 120 cases experienced at a children's general hospital].
AB  - Cerebrovascular disorders in children is a rare clinical entity, epidemiologic
      studies of which are very scarce in Japan. Hence this study analyzed 13,131 sick
      children admitted to Children's General Hospital in light of the incidence of
      cerebrovascular accident in children and its specific characteristics. In this
      paper, the cases of cerebral infarct are analyzed with special reference to their
      developmental outcomes. The results show that one hundred twenty children (0.85
      percent of all sick children) had cerebrovascular disorders documented both in
      clinical pictures and CT scans. This number accounted for 2.5% of 4,738 CT
      examinations performed for these sick children. There were 79 cases of
      intracranial hemorrhage, 24 of cerebral infarction and 17 of vascular anomalies,
      65.8%, 20.0% and 14.2% respectively. In the intracranial hemorrhage group, there
      was a different pathophysiology in each age group. The fact that intraventricular
      hemorrhage occurred in premature neonates, subarachnoid or posterior fossa
      subdural hemorrhage in mature neonates and infants, and intracerebral hematoma in
      elder children due to different causes was very striking. In the cerebral infarct
      group, the middle cerebral artery was most commonly affected (11 out of 24
      cases); others had various lesions such as lacunar stroke, internal carotid
      artery occlusion and so on. The most impressive but disappointing fact in those
      children was that their clinical pictures were quite miserable, revealing low
      IQs. Nine out of 24 children with cerebral infarct had IQs below 20. In the
      abnormal vessels group, there were Moyamoya disease, arteriovenous malformation,
      intracranial aneurysm, Sturge-Weber syndrome, Menkes disease and coiling of the
      internal carotid or vertebral arteries each demonstrating unique angiographic
      findings.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3703115
TI  - [Ascending limb of the N20 component of somatosensory evoked potential--an
      analysis on direct recording from the human midbrain].
AB  - Somatosensory evoked potential elicited by median nerve stimulation at the wrist
      was recorded from five loci on the trajectory of stereotactic rostral
      mensencephalic reticulotomy. Four distinct positive waves followed by one
      negative wave, the peak latency being 16.3 msec, were recorded from the rostral
      midbrain reticular formation near the medial lemniscus. The four positive waves
      were named as I, II, III, and IV respectively. Peak latency of these positive
      waves was 12.6, 13.7, 14.7 and 15.8 msec respectively. The first two positive
      waves (I, II) corresponded to P13 and P15 recorded over the scalp. The other two
      positive waves (III, IV) changed their polarity to negative at the level of the
      ventral thalamus and formed the ascending limb of N20 recorded over the scalp.
      N16 was most prominent at the level of nucleus ventrocaudalis externus. These
      findings suggest that the ascending limb of N20 is composed of at least three
      components, wave III, IV, and N16. The present report is compatible with the
      investigations by Abbruzzese et al.2) and Eisen et al.11) that there are several
      distinct dipoles between P15 and N20 of somatosensory evoked potential in man.

PMID- 3703116
TI  - [Familial cerebral aneurysms in three families, with two sibling pairs].
AB  - The authors describe two pairs of siblings and a mother-son with cerebral
      aneurysms and the characteristics of familial intracranial aneurysms are briefly
      discussed. Family 1: A 54-year-old hypertensive woman (case 1) developed
      subarachnoid hemorrhage and a saccular aneurysm at the proximal portion of the
      left anterior cerebral artery was demonstrated on the angiogram. An azygos
      anterior cerebral artery was found as an associated anomaly. A 53-year-old
      hypertensive woman (case 2), a younger sister of case 1, suffered from
      subarachnoid hemorrhage and a saccular aneurysm at the distal portion of the
      right anterior cerebral artery was found on the angiogram. Vertebral angiogram
      showed bilateral fenestration of the extracranial vertebral arteries as a
      coincidental anomalies. Neck clipping for the aneurysms were successfully done in
      these two cases. Family 2: A 52-year-old hypertensive woman (case 3) suffered
      from subarachnoid hemorrhage and vertebral angiogram demonstrated a saccular
      aneurysm at the distal portion of the right posterior inferior cerebellar artery.
      The aneurysm was re-bled before surgical intervention and she died five days
      after admission. A 65-year-old hypertensive woman (case 4), an elder sister of
      case 3, was admitted with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Vertebral angiogram showed a
      saccular aneurysm on the proximal portion of the left posterior inferior
      cerebellar artery at the junction of the vertebral artery and a massive
      extravasation of the contrast medium from the aneurysm. The patient died three
      days after the onset before surgical intervention.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3703117
TI  - [A ruptured cerebral aneurysm of the fronto-orbital artery and a coexisting
      anastomosis with the anterior ethmoidal artery--a case report].
AB  - The authors present a case with a ruptured saccular aneurysm of the left fronto
      orbital artery and the coexisting anastomosis with the left anterior ethmoidal
      artery, accompanied by subarachnoid hemorrhage and intracerebral hematoma in the
      left frontal lobe. A 44-year-old male, whose past history had been uneventful,
      was admitted complaining severe headache and vomiting, followed by confusion. CT
      examinations revealed subarachnoid hemorrhage and intracerebral hematoma in the
      left frontal lobe. Left carotid angiograms disclosed a saccular aneurysm
      described above. Emergency operation in a state of grade 3 according to Hunt and
      Kosnik revealed a saccular aneurysm and its parent artery which was thought to be
      proximally a left fronto-orbital artery and distally a left anterior ethmoidal
      artery, which was seen to penetrate the anterior cranial fossa at the lamina
      cribrosa. Then the aneurysm was excised following clipping of the neck.
      Thereafter, the patient showed favorable recovery. The histological examination
      revealed absence of the media and the internal elastic lamina in the wall of the
      aneurysm with slight infiltration of round cells. Generally speaking, distal
      anterior cerebral artery aneurysms, which arise on branches beyond the anterior
      communicating artery, occupy 2-5% of all cerebral aneurysms, and most of them are
      found at the branching site of the pericallosal artery. As far as the authors
      know, there was few or no report referring to the aneurysm arising on the fronto
      orbital artery, as shown in this case. Also, as for the aneurysm arising on the
      anterior ethmoidal artery, there are a few reports.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3703118
TI  - [Cerebral cysticercosis--report of an operated case].
AB  - A rare case of cerebral cysticercosis is reported. The patient, a 49-year-old
      man, had been to Central America several times since 1963. He had an episode of
      seizure in March 1980 and again in August 1983, and was admitted to our hospital.
      Skull X-ray, cerebral angiography, scintigraphy, EEG, CSF examination, Chest X
      ray, blood and urine examinations were all normal. CT scan only revealed a small
      lesion in the left frontal lobe as a well circumscribed round low density area
      with ring-like enhancement. An operation was performed for a suspected brain
      tumor. However, a cyst was found in the left frontal lobe and was totally
      extirpated. The microscopic examination revealed a scolex, hooks, and a cyst
      characteristic of cysticercosis. Postoperative examinations, X-ray of
      extremities, abdominal CT and immunological reactions of cysticercosis showed no
      abnormal findings. Cerebral cysticercosis, a rare disease in Japan, may increase
      proportionally with the increase of world travel. In this case, CT scan was
      useful for the diagnosis of cysticercosis.

PMID- 3703119
TI  - [A meningioma associated with AVM: a case report].
AB  - This paper reports a case of meningioma associated with AVM. A 67 years old lady
      showed transient rt. lower hemiparesis with severe headache, nausea and
      consciousness disorder. Bilateral carotid angiogram and CT scan revealed lt.
      convexity meningioma and AVM. Lt MCA and ACA entered into the AVM from which
      several draining vessels entered into the deep venous system. These two lesions
      were removed by one stage. It is quite rare that cerebral tumor associates with
      intracranial AVM. Only two cases of meningioma associated with AVM have been
      reported.

PMID- 3703120
TI  - [Intracranial hemorrhage associated with pregnancy--4 case reports and a review
      of the literature].
AB  - Four cases of intracranial hemorrhage associated with pregnancy are reported.
      They were a ruptured anterior communicating aneurysm, a ruptured AVM of
      cerebellar hemisphere, a lt-thalamic and putaminal hemorrhage and brain stem
      hemorrhage. As the mode of hemorrhage, one case was a subarachnoid hemorrhage,
      one case was a subarachnoid hemorrhage combined with a cerebellar hemorrhage and
      other two cases were intraparenchymal hemorrhage. The mean age of these 4 cases
      was 29.5 years of age from 25 to 35. One case was occurred the intracranial
      hemorrhage during the first trimester but other 3 cases was occurred during the
      third trimester. It was, thus, considered the intracranial hemorrhage associated
      with pregnancy was more frequently occurred during the third trimester.
      Primigravida and multigravida were equally occurred on each two cases. It was not
      related to parity. Consciousness levels were drowsiness; one case, semicoma; two
      cases and deep coma; one case. A case of ruptured anterior communicating aneurysm
      underwent neck clipping of aneurysm through the rt-fronto-temporal craniotomy on
      the first day of the attack. This case fully recovered, but the other three cases
      of severely impaired consciousness level were dead. Maternal prognosis was
      related to consciousness level. We mentioned the preferred neurosurgical and
      obstetrical management to the intracranial hemorrhage associated with pregnancy.

PMID- 3703121
TI  - [Facial neurectomy of essential blepharospasm (Meige syndrome)].

PMID- 3703122
TI  - [Significance probability mapping of brain electrical activity--its problem and
      specified z-statistic mapping].
AB  - Significance probability mapping (SPM) of brain electrical activity first
      described by Duffy et al. is useful tool for studying functional aspects of brain
      disease. Z-statistic SPM is able to identify the area of brain electrical
      activity deviated with statistic significance from the control group. The problem
      of this method is, however, that the nature of deviation, i.e., whether it is
      increase or decrease of electrical activity, can not be displayed. From this
      point of view, we attempted to use modified z-statistic method. Statistically
      deviated region and its nature can be clearly displayed on the same picture by
      analyzing EEG with this method. This method can be applied to SPM of evoked
      potentials. SPM is not yet complete method for the assessment of brain electrical
      activity, but there is much room for adopting other statistic method that is more
      suitable for the aim of the study. Functional aspects of the brain will be more
      readily clarified by the use of modified SPM and by combination with findings of
      CT scan, NMR and PET that can give morphological and metabolic information.

PMID- 3703123
TI  - [The effect of artificial hypotension on postischemic cerebral edema in the
      reperfusion of middle cerebral arterial occlusion in cats--experimental study].
AB  - The effect of hypotension on postischemic cerebral edema was studied by the
      occlusion-reperfusion model of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) of a cat. The
      middle cerebral artery was transorbitally occluded for 3 hrs and reperfused for 3
      hrs. We chose cats whose CBF decreased lower than 10 ml/100 g/min by the MCA
      occlusion. We studied 10 cats as a control group and 6 cats as the hypotension
      group. The mean arterial blood pressure was lowered artificially about 50 mmHg
      from the previous value using ATP and dipyridamole just before and during the
      reperfusion. The CBF was measured by the hydrogen clearance method and extradural
      pressure was recorded. The water content of cerebral hemisphere was measured by
      the drying-weighing method after sacrifice. In the control group the preocclusive
      value of CBF was 65.9 +/- 20.6 ml/100g/min and the value just after reperfusion
      was 35.0 +/- 21.5 ml. The value 3 hours after reperfusion was 8.2 +/- 11.0 ml. In
      the hypotension group, these values were 53.9 +/- 14.0 ml, 40.6 +/- 19.6 ml and
      18.1 +/- 12.2 ml respectively. The ICP increased from 9.1 +/- 8.6 to 90.0 +/-
      22.6 mmHg in the control group and in the hypotension group from 4.5 +/- 6.5 to
      37.7 +/- 10.1 mmHg. The water content of the affected hemisphere was 79.7 +/-
      0.5% in the control group and 79.1 +/- 0.5% in the hypotension group. The
      hypotension didn't change the CBF just after reperfusion and also maintained it
      more than the control until 3 hrs after the reperfusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3703124
TI  - [Clinical characteristics of contrast medium extravasation from intracranial
      aneurysms during cerebral angiography: studies on personal experience and review
      of the literature].
AB  - Angiography is essential to diagnosis and treatment for the patients with
      ruptured intracranial aneurysm in early stage, but on the other hand angiography
      always involves a risk that extravasation (EV) occurs from the aneurysm during
      angiography. Once EV occurs, the patient's outcome is poor and, in general, the
      patient tends to be regard as hopeless of recovery. Over the past 5 years, in 154
      patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysm angiography was performed, and in 7
      of them EV occurred. We performed neck clipping for ruptured aneurysm in 3 of 7
      patients and were able to save the life of 2 patients. We investigated factors to
      cause EV and to decide outcome in 7 cases and 75 cases of literature, totally 82
      cases. Following results were obtained. Occurrence of EV seems to be related to
      the causal factors of the time interval (within 6 hours) from SAH to angiography
      and the severity of disturbance of consciousness prior to angiography. It is
      considered that the patient's outcome is related to age, pre-angiographic
      severity of disturbance of consciousness, and also time interval from SAH to
      angiography, but the extent of EV and the number of past history of SAH are not
      important as the factors related to the outcome. Consequently, the utmost care
      must be taken for cerebral angiography particularly in patients within 6 hours
      after the onset of SAH, and in patients with severe disturbance of consciousness.
      Even if EV should occur, there is a fair chance for life-saving by an emergency
      surgery in cases with mild disturbance of cerebral function before angiography.

PMID- 3703125
TI  - [Foramen magnum tumor--the diagnosis and surgical approach].
AB  - The seven cases of the foramen magnum tumors were presented with the clinical
      manifestations and surgical consideration. Early clinical symptoms of the cases
      with extramedullary lesions were suboccipital neck pain followed by dysesthesia,
      clumsiness of hand and weakness. On the other hand, early symptoms of the cases
      with intramedullary lesions were dysesthesia, often followed by swallowing
      difficulty or hoarsness, which may have some difference from the clinical course
      of the extramedullary tumor cases. CT scan was remarkably useful in the diagnosis
      of the foramen magnum tumor. Surgical treatment was done to 6 cases: Five of
      these cases were operated by suboccipital craniectomy, and one case with an
      anteriorly located meningioma in the foramen magnum region was operated by
      transoral approach. Total removal could be performed in the case without damage
      to the medulla or spinal cord. The surgical treatment was reviewed, and the
      approach appropriate to tumor location around the foramen magnum should be
      selected.

PMID- 3703126
TI  - [Influence of hemisphere lesions on the contralateral blink reflex].
AB  - Electrically elicited blink reflexes were investigated in 28 patients with
      unilateral hemispheral lesion. The reflex evoked by electrical stimulation of the
      supraorbital nerve contralateral to the side of the hemispheral lesion was absent
      or depressed in 14 out of 28 cases. The abnormal patterns of the blink reflexes
      were devided into four different types (Type AB, Type AD, Type EB, and Type AB
      EB). The Type AB, recorded in 4 cases, consisted of bilateral absence of late
      component (R2) when the supraorbital nerve on the non-lesion side was stimulated.
      In contrast, the reflex responses were almost normal bilatarally when the
      stimulus was applied to the nerve on the lesion side. The Type AD was observed in
      2 cases. When the stimulus applied on the non-lesion side, both ipsilateral and
      consensual R2 were markedly delayed in latency. The Type EB was seen in one case.
      In this type the absence of the late component (R2) was confined to the
      clinically affected side independent of the side of stimulation. The Type AB-EB
      was observed in 4 cases. This type consisted of bilateral absence of R2 component
      after stimulation on the non-lesion side as seen in Type AB. However, when the
      stimulus applied on the lesion side, R2 component was only elicited on the
      ipsilateral side of stimulation. Based on our results, the authors emphasize that
      abnormality of the contralateral blink reflex in the patients with unilateral
      hemispheral lesion showed not only Type AB or Type AD but also Type AB-EB which
      may indicate lowered excitability of bulbar lateral reticular formation of the
      lower brain stem as well as spinal trigeminal system. This type was presumably
      due to loss of facilitatory influences associated with the contralateral
      hemispheral lesion, closely correlated with the lower postcentral region
      advocated by Ongerboer de Visser.

PMID- 3703127
TI  - [A mechanism of development and resolution of vasogenic brain edema].
AB  - To investigate the mechanism of development and resolution of vasogenic brain
      edema, authors have infused the mock CSF containing 35S-sodium thio-sulfate via a
      thin needle into the white matter of either normal cat's brain or into the
      edematous brain. The animals which were used in these experiments were divided
      into four groups (L20, L45, C20, C45). In the groups of animals subjected to a
      cold lesion (L20, L45), a small craniotomy was performed over the right frontal
      pole. A cold injury edema was produced 24 hours prior to the experiment. Na
      Fluorescein (2 ml/kg) was given intravenously just prior to the cold lesion to
      later visualize the extent of the edema. For the positioning of the four needles
      in the brain, the coordinates were used according to the Horsley-Clark method and
      the atlas of Reinoso-Suarez. The location of tissue infusion (TIP) corresponds to
      a point approximately 3.0 mm before the frontal apex of the right lateral
      ventricle. The infused artificial CSF was mixed with 35S sodium-thiosulfate and
      stained with Evans Blue to check the extent of propagation of the infused
      solution. This solution was infused into the tissue at the point TIP with a rate
      of 0.20 ml/hr in groups C20 and L20 and 0.45 ml/hr in groups C45 and L45. Both
      lateral ventricles and cisterna magna were cannulated, and a ventriculo-cisternal
      perfusion with an artificial CSF was established through the right lateral
      ventricle with a perfusor. The perfusion rate was 2.25 ml/hr. The cisternal
      outflow was collected during every 15 min. for the activity and volume
      measurement. Tissue water content was determined by the drying method.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3703128
TI  - [Ultrastructure of capillary permeability in human brain tumors. 2: Mechanisms of
      contrast enhancement in gliomas].
AB  - In order to elucidate the mechanism of contrast enhancement on computerized
      tomography (CT), the alteration of capillary permeability was studied in 3 cases
      of medulloblastoma, 2 cases of ependymoma, 5 cases of glioblastoma and 5 cases of
      astrocytoma. The surgical specimens were studied with conventional ultrathin
      section and freeze-fracture replica techniques. Contrast enhancement on CT scan
      defined in order of medulloblastoma, ependymoma, glioblastoma and astrocytoma. In
      the medulloblastomas and glioblastomas, the cell junctions of the capillaries
      were short, elongated, and, in fact open. Other capillary abnormalities included
      endothelial hyperplasia with extensive vesicular formation, surface infolding of
      endothelial cells, irregularity of the basal lamina, and a large extravascular
      space. Tight junctions were seen as one or twe strands. These tight junctions
      presented irregular lining of intramembranous particles. In the astrocytomas, the
      blood vessels appeared relatively normal, and the tight junction were seen as
      networks of seven strands. The particles lines were not disrupted. In the
      ependymomas, the tight junctions in one area were seen as a network of six
      strands, but in the other areas as three strands, and the fenestrae were observed
      in the replicas but not confirmed in the ultrathin sections. The conclusion drawn
      from this study is that osmotic opening of the tight junctions that have fewer
      strands play an important role in the marked contrast enhancement of the gliomas,
      in addition to transcellular transport of increased pinocytotic vesicles and
      fenestrations. The irregular basal lamina and large perivascular space also
      increase extravasation of contrast medium.

PMID- 3703129
TI  - [Ultrastructure of capillary permeability in human brain tumors. 3: Mechanisms of
      contrast enhancement in non-glial tumors].
AB  - In order to elucidate mechanisms of contrast enhancement on computed tomography
      observed in non-glial tumors, tumors vessels were studied with conventional
      ultrathin section and freeze-fracture replica techniques. The materials were
      obtained from surgically removed specimens in 19 cases of tumors (6 of
      meningioma, 6 of hemangioblastoma, 5 of pituitary adenoma, and 2 of acoustic
      neurinoma). The following results were obtained. The common findings of these non
      glial tumor vessels in ultrathin preparations were surface infoldings, increased
      pinocytotic vesticles and many fenestrations of endothelial cells, irregularity
      of basal laminae, and enlarged perivascular spaces. In freeze-fracture replicas
      of vascular endothelium, pinocytotic vesicles and fenestrations were 22 and 26
      per micron2 on the average respectively. Tight junctions between endothelial
      cells were composed of one or two strands which appeared to be a discontinuous
      array of particles. As for the each non-glial tumor, menigiomas showed
      endothelial thickness and finger-like projections, variable lengths of tight
      junctions and marked enlargement of perivascular space which contained many
      collagen fibrils. Thinning of endothelium and many fenestrations were observed in
      hemangioblastomas, pituitary adenomas, and acoustic neurinomas. Fenestrations
      were most frequently observed in pituitary adenomas. The results indicate that
      extravasation of contrast material through fenestrations has an important role in
      marked contrast enhancement of non-glial tumors, in addition to the osmotic
      opening of tight junctions by contrast material. The irregular basal lamina and
      large perivascular space may also contribute to an increased extravasation of
      contrast material.

PMID- 3703130
TI  - [Magnetic resonance imaging in moyamoya disease].
AB  - Ten patients, seven children and three adults, with "moyamoya" disease were
      examined by MR-CT. MRI findings in these patients were compared with X-ray CT
      findings to study the features of the ischemic lesions in "moyamoya" disease and
      the following results were obtained. Old cerebral infarct, cortical atrophy and
      intracerebral hematoma in "moyamoya" disease were better delineated by image of
      the spin echo method. It is possible to differentiate the ischemic lesions such
      as ischemic edema, or acute or chronic cerebral infarct by calculating the T1 and
      T2 value from the T1 and T2 image. Ischemic lesions in "moyamoya" disease most
      often occurred in the watershed area of the anterior cerebral artery-middle
      cerebral artery or the middle cerebral artery-posterior cerebral artery, and
      these ischemic lesions were classified into three types according to the location
      of the lesion, i.e. cortical ischemic, subcortical ischemic and combined type.
      "Moyamoya" disease in the advanced stage, which was often seen in children,
      showed the combined type with poor outcome. From the above results, it might be
      concluded that MRI is superior to X-ray CT as a diagnostic aid to detect ischemic
      lesions in "moyamoya" disease.

PMID- 3703131
TI  - [One-stage bilateral STA-MCA anastomosis in multiple occlusive cerebrovascular
      disease].
AB  - Out of 12 cases of bilateral stenosis of the internal carotid (IC) system
      underwent unilateral STA-MCA anastomosis on the symptomatic side, no ischemic
      signs recurred in 8 cases, while, in the remaining 4, symptoms appeared
      postoperatively, requiring the anastomosis of the contralateral side.
      Preoperative findings of CT scan, CAG and r-CBF were reviewed and compared. It
      has, consequently, become evident that, in the latter 4 cases, angiography showed
      stenotic lesion of over 50% of the ICA lumen, between the mastoid-mandibular line
      (MML) and the circle of Willis, on the initially asymptomatic side. Furthermore,
      in the same 4 cases, multiple thrombotic foci were more liable to be demonstrated
      on the CT scans and r-CBF was lowered in both hemispheres without significant
      difference in laterality. In additional 7 cases presenting such characteristics
      as stated above, one-stage bilateral STA-MCA anastomosis was carried out with a
      successful result.

PMID- 3703132
TI  - [Nocardia brain abscess and ventriculitis--resistance of Nocardia to sulfonamides
      and susceptibility to beta-lactams].
AB  - A 31-year-old man had been healthy until the end of August, 1984 when he
      developed a sore throat, rhinorrhea, and high fever (39 degrees C). He was found
      to have hematuria and leukocytosis, though his complaints were not severe, and
      was not absent from his work. From the September 30, he experienced continuous
      pains on both temple regions and the neck. On October 6, he visited our hospital
      without any inflammatory signs. A screening CT scan demonstrated a ring-like
      enhancing mass with remarkable perifocal edema in the right temporal lobe. On
      emergency admission on October 9, a low grade fever (37.4 degrees C) and slight
      leukocytosis were noted, but not other primary lesions were present. He had
      normal immunological function of both humoral and cellular types. A provisional
      diagnosis of malignant brain tumor was made, but a possibility of brain abscess
      was not completely ruled out. He was initially treated with antidiuretics and
      steroid with prophylactic antibiotics, and underwent follow-up CT scanning. After
      a 10-day period with no obvious changes in CT scan, he suddenly complained of
      severe headache and fever, and became stuporous. A subsequent CT scan showed
      signs of ventriculitis, and contrast-enhancing multiloculated capsules. A lumber
      puncture revealed an increased number of cells, and concentration of protein in
      the CSF. An emergency trephination and drainage of an abscess was performed. Gram
      positive, acid fast, and branching fungi were found in both the smear of pus, and
      the samples from surrounding brain tissues. These were later identified as
      Nocardia asteroides in bacteriological studies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3703133
TI  - [Three cases of giant aneurysm of the distal posterior inferior cerebellar
      artery].
AB  - Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysms constitute approximately 3
      6% of all intracranial aneurysms. Especially, aneurysms which originate from
      distal portion of PICA are very rare. We experienced 4 cases of distal PICA
      aneurysm, 3 cases of which were giant sized. The clinical and radiological
      features of cases of a giant aneurysm of distal PICA are analyzed in this study.
      They consisted of 2 male and 1 female, ranging in age from 37 to 66. They had
      suffered from headache, disturbances of cranial nerves, cerebellar disorders and
      dementia, caused by subarachnoid hemorrhage and mass effects of aneurysms.
      Aneurysmal cavity without organization was shown as a large hyperdensity area in
      enhanced CT scans, but organized cavity was not enhanced. Angiograms showed that
      two giant aneurysms in our cases originated from the cranial loop of PICA.
      Vascular abnormalities such as the vertebral artery terminating as PICA in one
      case and multiple aneurysms in another case were also seen. As for the treatment,
      in two cases proximal ligation resulting no neurological deficit was performed.
      In another case, because of complete organization of the aneurysmal cavity and
      adhesion between the aneurysm and the brain stem, extirpation of the aneurysm
      could not be done. In one patient who had symptomes of cerebellar disturbance,
      removal of the thrombus resulted in good recovery.

PMID- 3703134
TI  - [Ependymal cyst--case report].
AB  - An eleven-month-old male infant with an ependymal cyst is reported. He was born
      after full-term pregnancy and vacuum extraction. His growth and development was
      somewhat retarded and he could control his head at the age of five months. He was
      admitted to our hospital because of the enlargement of his head and the paretic
      right upper limb. On admission he was found to be a well-nourished infant with
      the head circumference of 54.5 cm and the height of 75.5 cm. Physical examination
      disclosed slight weakness in the right upper extremity but no signs of increased
      intracranial pressure. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a huge low density area
      in the left frontoparietooccipital region which extended to the right across the
      midline. Another low density area was seen in the quadrigeminal cistern. CT
      findings also suggested an association with agenesis of the corpus callosum. The
      huge supratentorial cyst was isolated from the ventricles and subarachnoid space,
      which was shown by administration of metrizamide into the cyst. Carotid
      angiograms showed displacement of both anterior cerebral arteries to the right,
      which were dissociated from each other. This fact and an association with
      agenesis of the corpus callosum supported the idea that the cyst originiated in
      the interhemispheric fissure and expanded into both hemispheres. Cyst fluid was
      watery clear and protein and sugar contents were 13 mg/dl and 56 mg/dl
      respectively. The patient underwent a left frontal craniotomy and partial removal
      of the cyst wall was performed to make a communication with the ventricle. His
      postoperative course was uneventful and the weakness of the right upper extremity
      gradually improved.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3703135
TI  - [Trigeminal neurinoma associated with suprasellar arachnoid cyst].
AB  - A rare case of trigeminal neurinoma associated with suprasellar arachnoid cyst is
      reported. A 49-year-old female had been suffering from character change, memory
      disturbance and mild headache for three years prior to admission. On admission,
      there were bilateral choked disc and binasal lower quadrant anopsia. Visual
      acuity was 20/200 on the left side and 10/200 on the right side. Facial and
      auditory nerves were intact. Cerebellar sign was not present. In plain skull
      roentgenograms, there were destruction of the right apex of the pyramis. However,
      the internal auditory meatuses were normal. Computed tomography revealed a
      contrast enhanced mass at the right cerebellopontine angle and a large cystic
      lesion in the suprasellar region. The relation between both lesions was clearly
      demonstrated in the coronal computed tomography and the NMR imaging of the
      sagittal section. The patient was operated on through subtemporal approach. The
      well-defined yellowish tumor was totally removed and the cyst was opened. The
      tumor and the cyst were distinguished separately. Post-operative course was
      uneventful except for the right trigeminal palsy. Mental symptoms disappeared.
      The mechanism of the appearance of symptoms in the case is considered as follows.
      That is, the slowly expanding tumor progressively compressed the cyst and the
      cyst enlarged, then the various symptoms appeared. The possibility that the
      suprasellar arachnoid cyst was a secondary arachnoid cyst due to the trigeminal
      neurinoma is also discussed.

PMID- 3703136
TI  - [Spinal dural AVM--report of three cases].
AB  - A new type of spinal AVM is reported. The characteristics are as follows: All the
      patients are male over 50-years-old. Their symptoms are insiduous and progressive
      ischemic pattern. All the lesions locate at the thoracic and lumbar levels.
      Selective intercostal angiography shows a fistulous AVM adjacent to the
      intervertebral foramen fed by spinal dural branch and drain into tortuous veins
      on the spinal cord via radiculomedullary vein. No typical hair-pin configuration
      by radiculomedullary and spinal cord arteries contributes to the AVM. This type
      of spinal AVM must be distinguished from so-called singled coiled type spinal
      cord AVM since pathophysiological features presumably are different from each
      other; the former is "dural" on anatomical basis, whereas the latter is "pial".
      Embolization should be recommended as a first choice of treatment to spinal dural
      AVM.

PMID- 3703137
TI  - [A case showing angiographically moyamoya vessels combined with intracranial
      calcification].
AB  - This case was 36-year-old female with the past history of pulmonary tuberculosis
      on her 10 years old. During the treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis, transient
      tetraparesis appeared, and improved completely. She was admitted to our hospital,
      complaining sensory disturbance of left face and arm on July 25, 1983. Plain
      skull roentogenogram showed calcification at the base of brain. Computerized
      tomography (CT scan) showed dilatation of lateral and third ventricles. Cerebral
      angiograms revealed an occlusion of the right internal carotid artery and the
      left middle cerebral artery, the stenosis of the basilar artery and bilateral
      posterior cerebral arteries, transdural anastomosis (so-called vault moyamoya),
      leptomeningeal anastomosis and moyamoya vessels at the base of brain. Four days
      after the admission, left hemiplegia appeared suddenly. Because the findings of
      CT scan and angiogram showed no change, conservative treatment was performed and
      motor disturbance improved. Biopsy of the calcified mass was carried out and
      histological findings suggested an old inflammation. Based on the clinical course
      and examination, it was considered that moyamoya vessels of this case had been
      formed as a result of tuberculous meningitis. Up to now, only 6 cases with
      moyamoya vessels at the base of brain coursed by tuberculous meningitis Up to
      now, only 6 cases with moyamoya vessels at the base of brain coursed by
      tuberculous meningitis have been reported. In our case, neurological symptoms
      appeared 26 years after tuberculous meningitis and occlusive changes were seen in
      bilateral carotid system and vertebrobasilar system.

PMID- 3703138
TI  - [Radiation-induced bilateral common carotid artery stenosis--a report of a case].
AB  - A case of radiation-induced bilateral common carotid artery stenosis is reported.
      This 60 years old housewife was hospitalized in 1982 because of sudden onset of
      mild left hemiparesis. Twenty-five years ago, she underwent radiation therapy of
      approximately 5,000 rads to the anterior cervical region because of thyroid
      cancer. Angiograms in 1982 revealed bilateral common carotid artery stenosis,
      especially in the right common carotid artery, the legion of which were included
      within the field of radiation performed in 1952. Right thromboendarterectomy was
      performed in 1983. At operation, slight periarterial fibrosis with calcified
      arteriosclerotic change was found, and dissection between the thickened intima
      and the media was not so difficult. Histological change of resected
      thromboendarterium was similar to the one observed in the pure arteriosclerotic
      disease.

PMID- 3703139
TI  - [Intracranial lipoma of the temporal lobe--report of a case and review of the
      literature].
AB  - A 52-year-old female was admitted to our clinic with chief complaint of headache
      since 2 months ago. Plain computed tomography (CT) revealed low density mass in
      her right temporal lobe beneath the sylvian fissure with mean Hounsfield number
      of -52. On admission, no neurological deficit was found. This low density mass
      had no enhancement region. No abnormal finding was seen in plain skull
      roentgenogram and right carotid angiography. No epileptic pattern was found
      electroencephalographically. Right fronto-temporal craniotomy and total removal
      of tumor was performed to confirm the histological nature of this tumor. The
      tumor was elastic soft with yellowish color and totally removed. Histological
      examination revieled typical fatty cells and many capillaries. Her postoperative
      course was uneventful and was discharged with no neurological deficit.
      Intracranial lipoma is one of rare brain tumors with incidence of 0.03% or 0.046%
      in all brain tumor. These tumors are most frequently located in the midline
      structure, especially in the corpus callosum. After introduction of CT scan,
      however, lipomas of the extraaxial locations are also reported. From review of
      literature, location of the lipomas may be divided into 2 groups: the one is
      located in the midline or paramedian structures of the brain and the other is the
      extraaxial region such as the sylvian fissure or the cerebellopontine angle. The
      former group is often associated with anomalies of the central nervous system
      related to dysraphism. However, the latter group is seemed to have rare
      association with dysraphism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3703140
TI  - [A case report of neoplastic aneurysm due to metastatic choriocarcinoma].
AB  - A twenty-year-old female, who had multi-agent chemotherapy for eighteen months
      after surgical resection of a choriocarcinoma originating from the left adnexa,
      was hospitalized because of a cerebrovascular accident. Her complaints were
      unconsciousness, generalized convulsion and left hemiparesis. Although both plain
      and contrast enhanced CT scans demonstrated only acute subdural hematoma in the
      right frontoparietal region associated with midline shift, no tumor shadow was
      recognized over the cortex or intraparenchymally. A carotid angiogram revealed a
      large and irregularly shaped aneurysm at a peripheral branching of the angular
      artery. Evacuation of the hematoma, resection of the aneurysm and
      revascularization for the defect of the parent artery by transplantation of a
      part of STA by means of microsurgical anastomosis were done at an emergency
      operation. Nevertheless the graft did not prove to be patent on the post
      operative angiogram. Due to retrograde filling of the distal portion of the
      angular artery through collateral channels, the patient has been completely free
      of neurological deficit and her performance of daily activities has been
      excellent. No appearance of other intracranial metastasis of the tumor has been
      detected for six months thereafter. Histological examination of the resected
      aneurysm demonstrated that choriocarcinoma composed of cytotrophoblasts and
      syncitiotrophoblasts filled the lumen of the aneurysm. The van Gieson's staining
      clarified the invasion of the tumor into the vascular wall causing disruption of
      lamina elastica beneath the fairly intact adventitia. Microscopic findings of the
      specimens taken from adjacent brain tissue and overlying dura mater confirmed
      absence of metastatic lesion in them.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3703141
TI  - [Lumbosacral lipoma: computed tomographic scan findings and surgical correction].
AB  - Display of the specific anatomic derangements by high-resolution computed
      tomographic (= CT) scan provides an important basis for planning corrective
      surgery of lumbosacral lipoma. In this paper, analysis of four infants and a
      child with lumbosacral lipoma revealed following discrepancy between the image by
      CT scan and operative finding. Most of lipoma showed a sharply outlined area of
      low density (approximately -100 H.U.) in the CT scan. Lipoma in the spinal cord
      parenchym represented intermingled fatty and neural tissue. There were also
      relatively high density areas in some cases and correspondingly, there were very
      fibrous lipomas, which could be identified by microscopic histological
      examination. Although there was a general correlation between the site of
      lumbosacral skin abnormality and underlying intraspinal lesion, some case does
      not match perfectly. In conclusion, a removal of the lumbosacral lipoma for the
      tethering effect always preferable to a total extirpation even though with
      technological advances in operative magnification and surgical instrumentation
      and a removal of the compressing lamina is necessary for adequate decompression.

PMID- 3703142
TI  - [Maffucci's syndrome with intracranial manifestation and chromosome abnormalities
      -a case report].
AB  - The patient was a 52-year-old woman who was initially admitted to our hospital
      with a recent history of diplopia, ptosis and visual impairment on the right,
      adding to 6 years history of the right orbital pain and temporal headache. She
      had gradually developed pain and fatigue of the right knee since childhood and
      had been suffered from multiple subcutaneous tumor in the both hands and the
      right foot from youth onward. On neurological examination, she has had right
      exphthalmos and 3rd and 6th cranial nerve palsies on the right. Skull X-ray and
      CT scan showed parasellar calcified mass on the right. In chromosome examination,
      the inversion of the No. 1 chromosome was disclosed by the Q- and C-band dyeing
      of her leucocytes and skin culture. Cavernous hemangioma of her skin lesion and
      enchondroma of the skeletal lesion were diagnosed by X-ray examination and
      histological specimen, indicating so-called Maffucci's syndrome. One year and a
      half later, she was readmitted to our institution, because of progressive visual
      loss on the right and left hemiparesis. Malignant change of the parasellar lesion
      was suspected by the clinical course and neuroradiological findings and was
      confirmed histologically by the second peration. During postoperative course,
      intratumoral hemorrhage had occurred twice and the patient died, and postmortem
      examination confirmed her clinical affair. This is the case which was clarified
      malignant transformation of enchondroma in the parasellar region, and is the
      first case verified the chromosome abnormalities in Maffucci's syndrome.

PMID- 3703143
TI  - [Cerebellar astrocytoma presenting with cerebellar hemorrhage: a case report].
AB  - A rare case of cerebellar astrocytoma presenting with cerebellar hemorrhage is
      reported. On reviewing the literature, we could collect only four other cases of
      spontaneous hemorrhage in cerebellar astrocytomas. CASE: On April 5, 1984, a 15
      year-old boy noted a sudden onset of headache, vomiting and vertigo and became
      lethargic and confused. He was admitted on the next day. General examinations,
      including bloodpressure, temperature and laboratory tests, were found to be
      normal upon admission. The patient was in somnolence with nystagmus and left
      dysdiadochokinesis. The result of the left nose to finger test was poor.
      Computerized tomography revealed a mass leison with calcification and hemorrhage
      in the paramedian part of the cerebellum. Fourty days after admission,
      suboccipital osteoplastic craniotomy was performed. A hematoma was found in the
      paramedian part of the cerebellum. A tumor mass with rich vascularity was
      completely removed together with the hematoma. Histologically this tissue was a
      low grade fibrillary astrocytoma accompanying calcification and hemosiderin
      suggesting tumoral hemorrhage. He regained his neurological functions
      satisfactorily and was discharged 2 months later.

PMID- 3703144
TI  - [Spinal epidural arteriovenous malformation fed by bilateral internal iliac
      arteries].
AB  - A rare case of a spinal epidural AVM fed by bilateral internal iliac arteries is
      reported. The patient was a 50 years old female with symptoms of slowly
      progressive paraparesis and sensory disturbance below L-2 associated with
      sphincter disorders. Myelography disclosed a serpiginous filling defect at the
      lumbar region. Selective internal iliac arteriograms disclosed an AVM fed by
      bilateral lateral sacral arteries. The nidus was excised totally, then a gradual
      improvement of those symptoms followed. Reviewing the literature, only 9 cases of
      spinal AVM of this type have been reported. In the majority of these cases,
      symptoms progressed slowly from the lower sacral level up to a level close to the
      end of the drainer. These symptoms were considered to be caused by steal
      phenomenon as well as by venous congestion due to arterialized intradural
      draining veins.

PMID- 3703145
TI  - [Multiple and familial cavernous angiomas in the brain and extremities--case
      report].
AB  - This is a case report of intracranial multiple cavernous angioma occurred in a
      member of a lineage of familial cavernous angioma. This lineage had manifested
      multiple small angiomata in the extremities on seven members in her family. The
      patient, somewhat retarded 19-year-old woman, was admitted to Fukuoka University
      Hospital because of convulsive seizure and headache occurred several months
      before admission. She had a large head and her IQ was 71. Bilateral mild hearing
      disturbance and a vascular anomaly in the left eyeground were noted. There were
      multiple hypodermic nodules on four extremities. EEG showed spike and wave focus
      in the right parietal region with irregular background. Plain skull X-ray
      disclosed scattered small calcifications. CT scan revealed multiple high density
      areas in the bilateral cerebral hemispheres and splenium and cerebral angiograms
      presented avascular mass in the right parietal region. The tumor in the right
      parietal lobe which seemed to be epileptogenic focus and the hypodermic nodules
      of the upper extremities were removed. Pathological findings of intracranial mass
      and hypodermic nodule were similar, these were cavernous angioma. The mother and
      a younger brother of the patient had similar hypodermic nodules on the
      extremities, and brother's nodule was removed and confirmed cavernous angioma.
      Eight families of familial cavernous angioma were described in the literature.
      This presented case is a peculiar one on the view-point of occurrence in the
      central nervous system among the familial hypodermic manifestation on the
      extremities and coexistence of retinal vascular anomaly.

PMID- 3703146
TI  - [Cystic cerebral tuberculoma--a case report].
AB  - A case of cystic cerebral tuberculoma is presented. A 63-year-old man was
      admitted initially to a sanatorium in May, 1983, for the treatment of pulmonary
      tuberculosis. He developed headache and vomiting, and suddenly had a right
      hemiconvulsion on September 27, 1983. Gradually he developed right hemiparesis
      and motor aphasia. CT scan revealed a well defined, ring-like enhanced mass with
      multiloculated cysts in the left fronto-parietal lobe. So, he was transferred to
      our hospital on February 3, 1984. Neurological examination revealed that he had
      motor aphasia and right hemiparesis. Left carotid angiogram showed light tumor
      stain in the left fronto-parietal lobe, and 99mTc brain scan detected increased
      uptake in this area. A left fronto-parieto-temporal craniotomy was performed and
      a subcortical mass was excised en bloc. The mass had multiloculated cysts
      containing xanthochromic fluid. Histologically, the mass was cystic cerebral
      tuberculoma. Cystic cerebral tuberculomas have rarely been reported even before
      the introduction of antituberculous chemotherapy. The pathogenesis of the cysts
      in this particular case was considered that the caseous material would have
      undergone liquefaction by enzymes liberated from degenerated and fragmented
      inflammatory cells.

PMID- 3703147
TI  - [A case of pituitary adenoma combined with Rathke's cleft cyst].
AB  - A case of pituitary adenoma associated with Rathke's cleft cyst is reported. A 35
      year-old woman suffering from visual disturbance, polydipsia-polyuria and
      amenorrhea galactorrhea was admitted. Since 3 years before admission, she had
      been administered thyradin under the diagnosis of primary hypothyroidism. Visual
      acuity was 0.1 on the right and 0.06 on the left, and visual field examination
      showed bitemporal hemianopsia. Endocrinological study disclosed primary
      hypothyroidism and moderate hypopituitarism. CT scan showed a low density mass
      with ring-like enhancement extending in the enlarged sellar cavity and in the
      suprasellar region. MRI showed a cystic mass in the sellar cavity extending to
      the suprasellar region, and a solid mass in the left posterior part of the sellar
      cavity, and the later was thought to be pituitary adenoma. On August 27, 1984,
      right frontal craniotomy was performed. The right optic nerve was compressed
      upward, and the right carotid artery laterally with a grayish bulging mass. About
      3 ml of grayish colloidal fluid was aspirated and the capsule of the cyst was
      excised. Postoperative course was uneventful. The visual acuity and visual field
      defects were improved. Endocrine examination revealed panhypopituitarism.
      Histologically, the cyst wall was composed of ciliated columnar cells and
      partially stratified squamous cells. The solid part showed typical pituitary
      adenoma. There are 5 reports in the literature on the combination of a pituitary
      adenoma and a Rathke's cleft cyst. In our case, it is thought that the long
      standing hypothyroidism induced pituitary adenoma. Therefore, our case with
      combination of a pituitary adenoma and a Rathke's cleft cyst should be regarded
      as an occasional coexistence rather than the entity of the transitional cell
      tumor.

PMID- 3703148
TI  - [Three cases of Eagle's syndrome].
AB  - Recently microvascular decompression surgery has been performed for trigeminal
      neuralgia or glossopharyngeal neuralgia with remarkable success. In differential
      diagnosis of such neuralgia, a lot of atypical facial pain must be taken into
      consideration, one of which is so-called Eagle's syndrome. This syndrome is
      characterized by elongated styloid process or calcified stylohyoid ligament
      compressing the Vth and/or IXth cranial nerve. In the present paper we report
      three cases of Eagle's syndrome and discuss the mechanism, differential diagnosis
      and surgical treatment of the facial pain in this syndrome. The first case was a
      40-year-old man. He complained of continuous dull pain on the right face.
      Sometimes he also suffered from radiating pain into the orbit and maxillary
      region. A-P and lateral projection of plain skull film showed elongated styloid
      process measuring about 4.5 cm in length. This process curved medially and was
      palpable in the tonsillar fossa. Above mentioned radiating pain was released by
      the injection of local anesthesic agent into the tonsillar fossa. From these
      findings, diagnosis of Eagle's syndrome was made. He was performed partial
      styloidectomy by transoral approach with complete relief of the facial pain. The
      second case was a 49-year-old woman. She complained of continuous or periodic
      pain that radiating from the right subauricular area to the right neck. Lateral
      view of plain skull film showed elongation of her right styloid process measuring
      about 4 cm in length. In the right tonsillar fossa, the elongated styloid process
      was palpable, compression of which induced radiating pain. By injection of
      anesthesic material into the right tonsillar fossa the pain disappeared
      temporarilly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3703149
TI  - [Pineocytoma--a case report].
AB  - A report on a rare case of pineocytoma is presented. A 27-year-old woman visited
      our clinic because of a 3-month history of intermittent headaches and nausea. A
      CT scan revealed the presence of a marked obstructive hydrocephalus and mass
      without any contrast enhancement in the pineal region. Immediately, V-P shunting
      was performed and resulted in relief of all symptoms. Ventriculography showed a
      complete occlusion at the aqueductus Sylvii and filling defect at the posterior
      part of the 3rd ventricle. The patient was operated on in the prone position via
      infratentorial supracerebellar approach by suboccipital craniectomy on November
      9, 1982. A grayish red-colored, well-defined solid tumor located at the pineal
      region was removed partially. The histopathological appearance of this tumor
      resembled the pattern of the normal pineal gland. Many cells exhibited a polar
      form, eosinophilic cytoplasm with the process often being directed toward a blood
      vessel. The cells around the central areas occupied by pale eosinophilic material
      were arranged like a "rosette". Combined chemo-radiotherapy was carried out after
      surgery. That is, a total dose of 4,825 rads to the whole brain was irradiated,
      and ACNU 140 mg and VCR 6 mg in total were administered intravenously and
      intermittently. After irradiation therapy, the tumor increased in size producing
      a ring-like enhancement effect as shown on repeated CT scans. During this time,
      she started to complain of blurred vision with Parinaud's sign. A second
      operation via interhemispheric approach by right parietal craniotomy was
      undergone, and the tumor was partially resected again on March 29, 1983.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3703150
TI  - [Radiosensitive meningioma--report of a case].
AB  - The patient was a 24-year-old male who was admitted to the Dept. of Neurosurgery
      of Miyazaki Medical College in April of 1982 with a history of generalized
      convulsive seizures. Neurological examination on admission revealed slight mental
      disturbance, bilateral marked papilloedema and homonymous right upper
      quadrantanopsia. Plain skull X-ray films showed a destructive change of the bone
      in the left sphenoid ridge and sella floor. CT scan showed a huge mass of
      slightly high density in the left anterior and middle fossae with a marked
      enhancement with contrast media. It was fed mainly by the left anterior and
      middle cerebral arteries and partly by the left middle meningeal artery on
      angiogram. The tumor was considered to be a type of malignant meningioma
      originating from the left sphenoid ridge. Total removal of the tumor without any
      morbidity was thought to be difficult because of its size, hypervascularity and
      location. From clinical and radiological features, this tumor was thought to be
      an angioblastic meningioma of hemangiopericytoma type and to be radiosensitive.
      Cobalt-60 irradiation to the tumor was attempted with a total dose of 49 Gy for
      over a period of 6 weeks. CT scan performed at the stage of 23 Gy-irradiation
      showed high radiosensitivity of the tumor and CT scan two weeks after the
      completion of irradiation showed a marked reduction of its volume to one third.
      The patient became free from headache and memory disturbance after radiotherapy.
      On the forty eighth day after completion of the irradiation, the tumor was
      totally removed with ease and minimal bleeding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3703151
TI  - [A case of multiple cerebellar hemangioblastomas with congenital deafness,
      juvenile diabetes mellitus and retinal angioma].
AB  - It has already been noted that hemangioblastoma is occasionally complicated with
      various diseases, especially retinal angioma, cysts of kidney and/or pancreas,
      vascular disorders, and furthermore about 10% of hemangioblastoma are multiple.
      The authors report here a case of multiple cerebellar hemangioblastomas
      accompanied with congenital deafness, juvenile diabetes mellitus and retinal
      angioma. The patient, a 38-year-old man who complained of disturbance of
      consciousness, headache and vomiting, admitted to our hospital on October 6,
      1982. He was born in consanguineous marriage family and his elder sister was also
      suffered from congenital deafness and juvenile diabetes mellitus, but no
      angiomas. CT and angiography showed a left side cystic and a right side small
      cerebellar lesions with remarkable ventricular enlargement. Ventriculo-peritoneal
      shunt and suboccipital craniectomy & removal of the tumors were performed on
      October 6, and November 8, 1982 succeedingly. From a point of view of hereditary
      occurrence, the authors investigated these complicated lesions recognized in this
      patient. It revealed that this case did not belong to any other categories of
      hereditary syndromes which were already reported and so authors considered that
      this was an extremely rare condition. Moreover, in case of multiple hemangiomas,
      cerebral angiography could be a more useful method than CT scan to detect
      multiplicity of the lesions in the posterior fossa.

PMID- 3703152
TI  - [Surgery of acoustic neurinoma in a hemodialyzed patient].
AB  - Successful surgical treatment of acoustic neurinoma in a case of hemodialyzed
      patient is reported. A 42-year-old female patient, who had been treated by
      hemodialysis, was diagnosed as having a C-P angle tumor by CT scan. She was
      refered to our clinic on June 24, 1983. Laboratory examinations on admission
      showed severe anemia and renal dysfunction. Every possible treatment was done in
      order to improve the laboratory data preoperatively. Another big problem in this
      case of hemodialyzed patient was brain edema and bleeding tendency. In order to
      cope with brain edema, intravenous administration of glycerol and slow
      hemodialysis for three days were performed preoperatively. These treatments were
      thought to be effective to reduce bleeding tendency also. During operation,
      however, heavy swelling of the cerebellum forced us to resect one third of the
      hemisphere to remove the tumor totally. In addition to this, postoperative mild
      bleeding in the cavity after tumor resection, subcortical hemorrhage around the
      shunt tube and oozing from the wound were observed. The patient was discharged
      from the hospital four months after surgery without any neurological deficit. The
      way of recovery, however, was not uneventful, because the patient developed
      various kinds of postoperative complications as mentioned above. In the
      postoperative managements, we felt almost as if we were treading on thin ice.
      Neurosurgical management in hemodialyzed patients is not yet very common. We
      should improve the postoperative management by adding new experience with similar
      cases.

PMID- 3703153
TI  - Neuronal alterations in hippocampus following severe hypoglycaemia: a light
      microscopic and ultrastructural study in the rat.
AB  - Because they induce similar neuropathological changes (ischaemic cell change with
      microvacuolization), it has been suggested that ischaemia, status epilepticus and
      hypoglycaemia produce cell death by similar mechanisms, especially those
      resulting from intracellular calcium accumulation. We have recently demonstrated
      microvacuolation of neurons, mitochondrial swelling (the electron microscopic
      correlate of microvacuolization) and massive mitochondrial calcium sequestration
      (using the pyroantimonate technique) following ischaemia or status epilepticus.
      We therefore studied the selectively vulnerable neurons of rat hippocampus by
      light and electron microscopy (including the pyroantimonate technique) following
      30 and 60 min of EEG isoelectricity resulting from insulin hypoglycaemia. The
      neuropathology at the light and EM level is unique and different from that
      following status epilepticus or ischaemia. The most constant finding is dark cell
      change of the granule cells at the tip of the dentate gyrus. In contrast to
      status epilepticus and ischaemia, hippocampal pyramidal neurons are far less
      frequently involved. Microvacuoles are rarely seen and, when present, their
      ultrastructural correlate is swollen Golgi apparatus, not dilated mitochondria.
      No intracellular calcium accumulation is demonstrable with pyroantimonate
      technique. Thus the cellular alterations produced by hypoglycaemia differ in
      character and distribution from those produced by anoxia-ischaemia. Mitochondrial
      calcium accumulation is not prominent in cell death from hypoglycaemia. Whether
      calcium toxicity plays another, subtler role in hypoglycaemic brain injury is
      unknown.

PMID- 3703154
TI  - Regeneration in cellular and acellular autografts in the peripheral nervous
      system.
AB  - The regeneration that occurs in cellular autografts of sciatic nerve has been
      compared with that seen in acellular models prepared either by cycles of
      alternating freezing and thawing, or by detergent-extraction. The responses to
      either fresh or pre-degenerate grafts (cellular and acellular) have been examined
      electron microscopically. It was found that whereas neurites grew into a fresh
      autograft and rapidly re-established functional relationships with vital Schwann
      cells lying in bands of Bungner within the graft, penetration of acellular grafts
      was less efficient. Many basal lamina tubes in the acellular grafts remained
      either empty or filled with debris-laden macrophages for the first 2 weeks after
      suture, although subsequently reinnervation did occur. The roles of Schwann
      cells, macrophages and basal laminae during reinnervation are discussed.

PMID- 3703155
TI  - Radiation induced damage in the choroid plexus of the rat brain: a histological
      evaluation.
AB  - Early and late histological changes have been investigated in the choroid plexus
      after the local irradiation of the brain of rats with single doses of 17 X 5-25
      Gy of X-rays. Changes were seen in epithelial cells within 1 week of irradiation.
      This was characterized by vacuolation, blebbing and partial lysis of the
      cytoplasm. Oedema in the underlying connective tissue was also seen after 1 week.
      A marked reduction in the number of endothelial cells, lining the walls of blood
      vessels, was found after 12 weeks; the severity was dose related and increased
      with time after irradiation. Slight atrophy of the epithelium was seen after 12
      weeks. The reduction in endothelial cell number was associated with an attempt at
      regeneration as indicated by endothelial nuclear enlargement, nuclear pairs or
      groups and by the appearance of mitotic figures. Evidence or epithelial
      regeneration was not seen until week 26. Interstitial fibrosis was seen from 26
      weeks after irradiation with the severity being both dose and time related. These
      late fibrotic changes were associated with basal membrane thickening,
      degenerative changes in the tunica media of arterioles and the appearance of
      thrombi. These changes are compared and contrasted with those seen in other
      normal tissues after irradiation and are discussed in terms of their relevance to
      the development of late radiation damage to the central nervous system.

PMID- 3703156
TI  - Human African trypanosomiasis (T.b. gambiense): a study of 16 fatal cases of
      sleeping sickness with some observations on acute reactive arsenical
      encephalopathy.
AB  - The principal clinical and pathological findings in 16 fatal cases of human
      African trypanosomiasis caused by T.b. Gambiense are described. The changes in
      the brain took the form of a non-specific lymphoplasmacytic meningo-encephalitis
      of varying intensity. Other features included morular cells, diffuse microglial
      hyperplasia, and large reactive astrocytes in the white matter. Carditis was
      identified in 10 cases. Acute reactive arsenical encephalopathy appeared to be
      the principal cause of death in 10 patients. Convulsions figured prominently in
      this type of encephalopathy in seven patients and were sufficiently severe to
      produce hypoxic brain damage. In three cases of acute reactive arsenical
      encephalopathy the structural changes in the brain were those of acute
      haemorrhagic leucoencephalopathy.

PMID- 3703157
TI  - Leigh's disease--several nosological entities with an identical histopathological
      complex?
AB  - Although Leigh's disease corresponds to a quite distinct histopathological
      complex, clinical and biochemical findings may be very divergent. By the
      description of classical and borderline cases and by the comparison with cases
      from the literature, it is suggested that Leigh's disease encompasses several
      nosological entities related to different disorders of the energy metabolism.
      They produce an identical histopathological complex. New evidence for a cerebral
      mitochondriopathy is also given.

PMID- 3703158
TI  - Increased plasma vasopressin in sinoaortic denervated rats.
AB  - The main purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in plasma arginine
      vasopressin (AVP) associated with arterial baroreceptor deafferentation. Food and
      water intake of sham-operated (SO) rats was matched to that of sinoaortic
      denervated (SAD) rats, and blood samples were collected from groups of SAD and SO
      rats 15 min, 1-4 h, 24 h and 4-7 days after operation. Plasma AVP was 2-4 times
      higher in SAD than SO rats at each of the times studied during the 1st week (p
      less than 0.001); at those times no significant differences in hematocrit, plasma
      sodium or osmolality were found. Three weeks after surgery, plasma AVP was
      similar in both groups of rats. Mean arterial pressure, measured in additional
      groups of rats, was approximately 35 mm Hg higher in SAD than SO rats for the
      first 4 postsurgical hours, remaining about 20 mm Hg higher at the later times.
      Administration of an AVP pressor antagonist to SAD rats caused a small (8-11%),
      statistically significant reduction in the elevated pressure of SAD rats during
      the first 4 postsurgical days. Thus, AVP contributes modestly to the elevation of
      arterial pressure caused mainly by neurogenic mechanisms in SAD rats during the
      early postoperative period. Ingestive behavior was monitored in additional SO and
      SAD rats. SAD rats had significantly reduced food and water intake for 5 days
      after surgery, however, by day 6 intake was comparable to that of SO rats.
      Preoperative body weight was not regained until 2 weeks after surgery.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3703159
TI  - Effects of chronic hyperprolactinemia on sexual arousal and erectile function in
      male rats.
AB  - Studies were conducted to determine if the inhibitory effects of chronic
      hyperprolactinemia on sexual behavior in male rats occur through reduced sexual
      arousal as opposed to reduced erectile function. Pituitary-grafted
      (hyperprolactinemic) and sham-operated, gonadally intact male rats were given
      standard tests of copulatory behavior, mounting behavior tests after genital
      anesthetization and penile reflex tests while restrained in a supine position.
      Beginning 7 days after pituitary transplantation, the number of erections
      displayed in penile reflex tests was significantly reduced in the pituitary
      grafted animals. Increased intromission latencies and reduced intromission rates
      in tests of copulatory behavior were also observed at this time. Beginning 3-4
      weeks after surgery, mounting rates were inhibited in hyperprolactinemic animals
      in both the copulatory behavior tests and tests of mounting behavior after
      genital anesthetization. Prolactin levels were significantly elevated in the
      pituitary-grafted animals, but serum testosterone levels were unaffected. To
      determine if the effects of hyperprolactinemia on erectile function occurred
      through changes in supraspinal input to neurons in the spinal cord controlling
      erectile function, pituitary-grafted and sham-operated male rats were subjected
      to spinal transection (between vertebral levels T6 and T9). Beginning 7 days
      later, penile reflex performance was re-examined. Hyperprolactinemic animals
      displayed significantly fewer erections during the initial test, but not in tests
      performed 10 and 13 days after spinal transection. The pituitary-grafted animals
      also showed a significant reduction in latency to the first erection with each
      successive test, suggesting a delayed recovery from increased supraspinal
      inhibitory input.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3703160
TI  - Increased tumor cell multiplication after radiofrequency lesions in median
      hypothalamus in the mouse and rat.
AB  - A significant increase of cell multiplication in inoculated ascitic and solid
      tumors was demonstrated in both DBA/2 and C57BL/6 mice as well as in Wistar rats
      after radiofrequency lesions in the median hypothalamus (ventromedial and
      dorsomedial nuclei; part of arcuate nucleus). The following tests were performed:
      mitotic and metaphasic index, doubling time of tumor, incorporation of tritiated
      thymidine into DNA, cell cycle parameters and growth fraction. The increased rate
      of cell proliferation measured was predominantly due to the higher speed of DNA
      biosynthesis with a minor contribution by an increase of the growth fraction. In
      the animals with hypothalamic lesions we demonstrated a slight decrease in the
      secretory activity of the adenohypophysis. Because it is generally stated that
      failure of hypophysis function hinders cell multiplication in normal and
      neoplastic tissues, we think that heightened cell proliferation after
      hypothalamic lesions is due to suppression of an inhibitory mechanism located in
      the hypothalamus and which is independent of the hypophysis.

PMID- 3703161
TI  - Central adrenergic control of vasopressin release.
AB  - The role of central adrenergic receptors in the control of vasopressin release
      was studied in the conscious rat. Norepinephrine (10 micrograms) and the alpha-1
      agonist, phenylephrine (50 micrograms), administered intracerebroventricularly
      resulted in significant increases in the plasma vasopressin concentration and
      blood pressure. The alpha-2 agonist, BHT 933 (50 micrograms) and the beta
      agonist, isoproterenol (10 micrograms) both caused a significant decrease in the
      plasma vasopressin concentration with only small changes in blood pressure. The
      central administration of the alpha-1 antagonist corynanthine (20 micrograms) had
      no effect on the plasma vasopressin concentration; however, increases in plasma
      vasopressin levels were observed when either the alpha-2 antagonist yohimbine (20
      micrograms) or the beta antagonist propranolol (20 micrograms) were given. It is
      concluded that central noradrenergic pathways may play an important role in the
      control of vasopressin release and that this control may involve alpha-1, alpha-2
      and beta adrenoreceptors.

PMID- 3703162
TI  - Effects of red dim illumination and surgery on prolactin secretion during the
      estrous cycle and early pseudopregnancy in the rat: different regulatory
      mechanisms for prolactin secretion.
AB  - The effects of surgery and red light on prolactin (Prl) secretion were
      investigated in cycling and in pseudopregnant (PSP) rats. Secretion patterns of
      Prl were determined at hourly intervals from 07.00 to 22.00 h. Different
      regulatory mechanisms for Prl secretion were hypothesized for three time periods:
      a nocturnal (07.00-11.00 h), a prediurnal (14.00-17.00 h), and a diurnal (19.00
      22.00 h) period. The results demonstrate that red light can affect significantly
      Prl secretion, in particular nocturnal and prediurnal Prl secretion in estrous,
      diestrous day 1 and PSP rats. The effect of surgery varied with the time of the
      day and was dependent upon whether the animals, during the dark period, were
      maintained under full darkness or constant red dim illumination. In PSP rats the
      regulation of Prl secretion was different for the three time periods. In PSP day
      0 rats there was a prediurnal surge of Prl secretion, comparable in timing and
      regulation to a prediurnal surge in estrous rats. This prediurnal surge was not
      evident on the other days of PSP. The regulation of nocturnal as well as diurnal
      Prl secretion was similar in PSP rats, but differed from cycling rats. The
      afternoon surge of Prl secretion on proestrus lasted the full afternoon and was
      basically one surge, distinct from all other surges. In diestrous rats Prl levels
      were low but showed a circadian variation. In summary, the effects of red light
      and surgery on Prl secretion varied with the physiological state and with the
      time of the day, indicating that the regulation of Prl secretion is complex and
      multimodal in nature.

PMID- 3703163
TI  - Modulation by social status of the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid and
      serum cortisol levels in male talapoin monkeys.
AB  - Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cortisol were measured by radioimmunoassay in
      male talapoin monkeys living in social groups. The slopes of the regressions
      between cortisol in the two compartments were significantly less in dominant than
      either the most subordinate males or those of intermediate rank. Furthermore, the
      dominants' CSF also contained proportionately more cortisol than was predicted
      from the overall regression analyses of the groups of which they were members.
      There was no difference in the proportion of 'free' cortisol (that is, not bound
      to serum proteins) between the serums of dominant or subordinate males. These
      findings point to an association between social status and the distribution of
      cortisol between blood and CSF in these monkeys.

PMID- 3703164
TI  - Subcellular localization of immunoreactive thyroid-stimulating hormone in the rat
      hypothalamus.
AB  - Hypothalamic tissue contains TSH-like material which is biologically,
      immunologically, and physicochemically similar to pituitary TSH. Immunoreactive
      thyroid-stimulating hormone (IR-TSH) is released from hypothalamic tissue in
      vitro by depolarizing concentrations of potassium or veratridine by a calcium
      dependent mechanism. In the present study, we investigated the subcellular
      localization of IR-TSH using equilibrium density centrifugation. Tissue
      homogenates from intact, hypophysectomized or thyroidectomized rats were
      centrifuged at 150 g at 4 degrees C for 10 min and the supernatants were layered
      onto continuous sucrose gradients (1.00-1.27 g/ml) and centrifuged at 100,000 g
      (max) for 16 h. IR-TSH in pituitary supernatants from intact and thyroidectomized
      rats showed high equilibrium density peaks with a modal density around 1.2 g/ml.
      Fractionation of the supernatant from ventral or dorsal hypothalamic homogenates
      resulted in a bimodal distribution of IR-TSH. In supernatants from both tissues,
      IR-TSH containing particles were found at the top of the gradient in a low
      equilibrium density peak between 1.0 and 1.08 g/ml. In addition, IR-TSH
      containing particles were found in ventral and dorsal hypothalamic supernatants
      with modal densities at 1.16 and 1.25, respectively. These high density IR-TSH
      particles were present in tissue taken from hypophysectomized rats, and were not
      appreciably affected by thyroidectomy. Homogenization of the tissue in a hypo
      osmotic medium disrupted the high density IR-TSH particles resulting in a single
      low density peak at the top of the gradient. These data suggest that hypothalamic
      IR-TSH is stored in membrane bound particles which have densities similar to that
      of secretory granules.

PMID- 3703165
TI  - In vitro release of vasopressin and oxytocin from rat median eminence tissue.
AB  - Release of vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) from rat median eminence and
      posterior pituitary tissue was studied in vitro by incubation in Krebs-56 mM KCl
      buffer. Both total tissue content and releasable pool of each hormone was
      measured in control rats, adrenalectomized rats and dexamethasone-treated rats.
      Adrenalectomy resulted in significantly increased release of AVP, but not OT,
      from median eminence tissue, whereas dexamethasone treatment failed to affect
      release of either hormone. Neither treatment had any effect on AVP or OT release
      from posterior pituitary tissue. Similarly, neither treatment caused any
      significant changes in total median eminence or posterior pituitary AVP and OT
      contents relative to controls, although dexamethasone-treated rats had a
      significantly lower posterior pituitary OT content than adrenalectomized rats.
      KCl-stimulated hormone release from median eminence tissue most likely represents
      an estimate of AVP and OT in zona externa terminals rather than in zona interna
      axons, because release was blocked by CoCl2 indicating calcium-dependent
      exocytosis. Immunohistochemical staining of median eminence tissue correlated
      well with the results of in vitro hormone release, in that increased AVP staining
      in the zona externa of adrenalectomized rats was also the only significant change
      noted using this methodology. Since increased levels of releasable AVP in the
      median eminence probably reflects similarly increased AVP levels in the
      hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal vessels of adrenalectomized rats, these results
      support a potential physiologic role for median eminence AVP, but not OT, in the
      chronic stimulation of adrenocorticotropin hormone secretion following
      adrenalectomy.

PMID- 3703166
TI  - Serotonin-containing elements of the rat pituitary intermediate lobe.
AB  - The source and location of serotonin in the intermediate lobe of the rat
      pituitary were determined by high performance liquid chromatography and
      immunohistochemistry. Serotonin is present in the intermediate lobe in nerve
      fibers and terminals, in mast cells and in elements in the blood circulating in
      vessels on the surface of the lobe.

PMID- 3703168
TI  - Task-specific effects of nicotine in rats. Intracranial self-stimulation and
      locomotor activity.
AB  - The acute effects of nicotine (0.03-1.0 mg/kg) were studied in a locomotor
      activity procedure and in a series of intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS)
      paradigms. Nicotine produced a dose-dependent decrease in locomotor activity.
      When animals were trained to lever-press for intracranial self-stimulation on a
      continuous reinforcement schedule (CRF), the drug was ineffective except at the
      1.0 mg/kg dose, which produced a moderate decrease in the rate of responding.
      However, when animals were tested in a fixed-ratio:15 (FR:15) paradigm, nicotine
      produced a steep, biphasic dose-response curve. At the 0.1 mg/kg dose, the
      response rates were increased to approx. 60% above baseline, while at the 1.0
      mg/kg dose, response rates were decreased to approx. 90% below baseline values.
      The effects of nicotine were also studied in an auto-titration procedure which
      measured the rewarding value of the stimulus. There was a decrease in performance
      at larger doses similar to that observed in the continuous reinforcement
      procedure, but there were no significant changes in the threshold for
      reinforcement. Nicotine did not produce any change in the detection threshold for
      stimulation of the brain. In acute studies, therefore, nicotine produced both
      stimulation and disruption of behavior, effects that were brought to light by the
      fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement, and this may relate to the rewarding
      effects of nicotine.

PMID- 3703167
TI  - Sensitivity to the narcotic cue in non-dependent, morphine-dependent and post
      dependent rats.
AB  - Using a food-reinforced two-lever operant procedure, 12 rats were trained to
      discriminate 10 mg/kg (i.p.) of morphine from saline. Five animals were given
      daily non-contingent exposure to morphine (20 mg/kg on saline, or no-test days,
      and 10 mg/kg on drug days) from the beginning of the experiment; the others
      received injections of saline. In the morphine generalization tests, the
      dependent rats showed an increased sensitivity to the narcotic cue as compared
      with non-dependent animals (ratio of the ED50 values: 2.30). This increased
      sensitivity was still present 3 months after discontinuing the non-contingent
      treatment with morphine (ratio of the ED50 values: 1.98). The results of the
      present study, together with other results reported in the literature, suggest
      that the experimental procedure plays a role in determining whether tolerance, no
      tolerance or enhanced sensitivity to the discriminative stimulus properties of
      narcotics, is observed.

PMID- 3703169
TI  - Effect of chronic treatment with clorgyline on the relative concentration of
      specific proteins in the hippocampus and parietal cortex of the rat.
AB  - The effect of the chronic administration of clorgyline, a type A inhibitor of
      monoamine oxidase, on the relative concentration of proteins from the brain of
      the rat was examined by analysis of two-dimensional electrophoretic gels. The
      results from this study showed that the administration of clorgyline for 3 weeks
      produced a significant elevation in the relative concentration of two proteins in
      the parietal cortex (mol. wt 23,000 and 30,000) and one protein in the
      hippocampus (mol. wt 25,000). In contrast, the relative concentration of three
      proteins (mol. wt 31,000, 42,000 and 45,000) was significantly reduced in the
      parietal cortex by chronic treatment with clorgyline. No protein in the
      hippocampus was found to be significantly reduced by treatment with clorgyline.
      Since a previous study has indicated that the relative concentration of three
      different proteins were significantly altered by the repeated administration of
      desipramine, the results from the present experiment indicate that different
      changes in proteins are produced by repeated treatment with the type A monoamine
      oxidase inhibitor, clorgyline, as compared to those produced by the tricyclic
      antidepressant, desipramine. These results support previous suggestions that
      different classes of antidepressant compounds may exert their effects through
      different mechanisms of action.

PMID- 3703170
TI  - Effects of lead in the laboratory mouse--2. Development and social behaviour
      after lifelong administration of a small dose of lead acetate in drinking fluid.
AB  - Administration of 0.13% lead acetate solution as drinking fluid to breeding mice
      was without significant effect on the numbers of live or dead births or on weight
      of pups at 1 day. The appearance of fur was delayed and the body weights at 21
      days and 31-38 weeks were smaller than in controls. On weaning, the treated
      offspring received 0.13% lead acetate as drinking fluid. Concentrations of lead
      in bone and brain were markedly raised above control levels at 18 and 34 weeks,
      being greatest at 34 weeks. There were no significant sex differences. The
      behaviour of the treated offspring in social encounters was shown by ethological
      procedures to differ from that of controls. The most consistent change after
      treatment with lead was enhancement of social and sexual investigation. This was
      seen in females at 26-27 weeks when encountering male partners, in isolated males
      at 32-33 weeks encountering male partners and in group-housed males and females
      in single sex encounters at 17-18 weeks. At 17-18 weeks, the duration of this
      behaviour was increased in treated females in the first 3 min and in treated
      males in the final 5 min of the 20 min period of observation. Behavioural changes
      in juvenile mice at 6--7 weeks occurred only during the final 5 of the 20 min
      observation. At 3--4 weeks only a marginal difference in behaviour was
      detectable, this being in the treated females. Overall the behavioural effects of
      lead differed between males and females and were different in juveniles from
      those seen in adulthood.

PMID- 3703171
TI  - Low doses of muscimol produce anticonflict actions in the lateral septum of the
      rat.
AB  - Muscimol microinjected into the lateral septum of the rat produced a dose
      dependent increase in punished responding over the dose range of 100 pg-5 ng. The
      higher doses used (10 ng and 1 microgram) produced sedation and ataxia, markedly
      reducing the number of approaches to the water spout. This steep, biphasic dose
      response curve for the anticonflict actions of muscimol may explain contradictory
      findings in the literature concerning GABAergic involvement in the anxiolytic
      actions of benzodiazepines. The low dose of muscimol needed to produce a
      significant anticonflict effect in the lateral septum suggests that this nucleus
      may be a critical site in anxiety-related behaviors.

PMID- 3703172
TI  - Muscarinic receptors in slice cultures of rat brain.
AB  - Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in organotypic slice cultures of hippocampus
      of the rat, have been examined using the tritiated muscarinic antagonist
      quinuclidinylbenzilate [( 3H]QNB) as a as a marker. Maximum specific binding of
      [3H]QNB in mature explants of hippocampus amounted to 316 fmol/mg protein and a
      dissociation constant (KD) of 185 pM was determined. Scatchard analysis suggested
      binding to one single binding site. In younger cultures smaller KDs were
      registered. This decrease in ligand affinity in maturer cultures possibly
      reflects a decrease in the turnover of acetylcholine. Muscarinic antagonists
      inhibited the total binding of [3H]QNB significantly, whereas muscarinic agonist,
      nicotinic antagonists and cholinesterase inhibitors had no influence whatsoever
      on the total binding of [3H]QNB. The content of muscarinic acetylcholine
      receptors varied between cultures with explants from different brain areas:
      hippocampus greater than striatum greater than septum greater than spinal cord
      greater than cerebellum. These in vitro results are generally in good agreement
      with results obtained in situ by other investigators and suggest that the binding
      of [3H]QNB observed in these cultures is indeed correlated to specific muscarinic
      receptor sites.

PMID- 3703173
TI  - The "antidementia drug" pantoyl-gamma-aminobutyric acid increases high affinity
      uptake of choline by slices of rat brain.
AB  - Studies were made on the effects of an "antidementia drug", pantoyl-gamma
      aminobutyric acid (pantoyl-GABA), on high affinity uptake of choline by slices of
      rat brain. Depolarization caused by increasing the K+ concentration to 25 mM for
      30 min before incubation with [3H]choline enhanced the uptake of radioactivity by
      slices of cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum during a 5 min incubation in
      the presence of 1 microM [3H]choline. Pantoyl-GABA (1 mM) increased the
      depolarization-induced uptake of radioactivity by the slices of cortex and
      hippocampus, but not by the slices of striatum; it had little effect on the
      uptake when the slices were not depolarized. It also had no effect when the
      slices were depolarized in the incubation medium without Ca2+. Since the high
      affinity uptake of choline is considered to be a regulatory step in the synthesis
      of acetylcholine (ACh), these results suggest that pantoyl-GABA increases the
      synthesis of ACh in cholinergic terminals in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus.
      This action may be involved in its effect as an antidementia drug, because
      cholinergic deficits are assumed to occur in Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 3703174
TI  - Effects of phencyclidine on ventral tegmental A10 dopamine neurons in the rat.
AB  - Extracellular single unit recordings were used to determine the effects of
      systemically and iontophoretically applied phencyclidine on
      electrophysiologically-identified A10 dopamine neurons within the ventral
      tegmental area of the rat. Intravenous injections of phencyclidine inhibited, as
      well as excited A10 cells. Approximately 42% of the inhibitions induced by
      phencyclidine were completely reversed by an injection of haloperidol. The
      excitatory effects of phencyclidine most often resulted in a state of depolarized
      inactivation and were not sensitive to haloperidol. The alteration of the
      activity of A10 cells by systemically-applied phencyclidine was effectively
      prevented in all animals pretreated with a combination of reserpine and alpha
      methyl-p-tyrosine, which depleted stores of central catecholamines by over 90%.
      In contrast to the data obtained with intravenous injections, iontophoretic
      applications of phencyclidine produced only inhibition of the activity of the A10
      cells and, in a few of these cases the decreased firing rate was accompanied by
      an increase in the amplitude of the action potential. A comparison of the
      response patterns of dopaminergic neurons to systemically- and iontophoretically
      applied phencyclidine would suggest that excitations induced by phencyclidine are
      not mediated at the level of the A10 cell bodies but through a site outside the
      ventral tegmental area. The results of this study also indicate that some of the
      effects of phencyclidine on the activity of A10 neurons are clearly dependent
      upon an interaction with dopamine and thus, would support the hypothesis that
      phencyclidine can act as an indirect dopamine agonist. However, other effects of
      phencyclidine which are not apparently linked to dopamine may represent the
      response of a pharmacologically-distinct subpopulation of A10 neurons to
      phencyclidine.

PMID- 3703175
TI  - Effect of chronic administration of the 6-aza analogue of mianserin (Org. 3770)
      and its enantiomers on behaviour and changes in noradrenaline metabolism of
      olfactory-bulbectomized rats in the "open field" apparatus.
AB  - Following its chronic administration, the racemic mianserin analogue of Org. 3770
      attenuated the hypermotility of bilaterally olfactory-bulbectomized rats in the
      "open-field" apparatus, over the dose range of 0.5-2 mg/kg; only the largest dose
      of the drug was found to reduce the motility of the sham-operated animals. The
      activity of this compound would appear to reside in its S(+)isomer; the R(
      )isomer being inactive. Bulbectomy was associated with a slight decrease in the
      concentration of noradrenaline and its major metabolite MHPG in the amygdaloid
      cortex and mid-brain. Following chronic administration of Org. 3770, the
      concentration of noradrenaline and MHPG returned to control levels. When the
      enantiomers were tested, it was found that the behaviourally-inactive R(-)isomer
      was most effective in normalizing the deficit in this neurotransmitter. Thus, no
      correlation could be found between the behavioural activity of the enantiomers of
      Org. 3770 and changes in the metabolism of noradrenaline in the amygdaloid cortex
      and mid-brain.

PMID- 3703176
TI  - The ability of PK 8165, a quinoline derivative, to reduce responses to a
      stressful situation in a double-blind study in man.
AB  - A double-blind and cross-over study was carried out in order to explore the
      effects of PK 8165 (a quinoline derivative) on the heart rate, respiratory rate
      and motor reflex responses produced by an experimental model of stress in 8
      healthy volunteers. The stress was induced by repetitive sequences of
      anticipation of pain (stressful stimulus: S) spaced by resting periods (R). In a
      control session, the cumulative effects of S resulted, in all subjects, in a
      progressive increase in heart and respiratory rates; 5 subjects showed a
      cumulative facilitation in the H reflex (motor reflex response) while the 3
      others exhibited a cumulative depression in this motor parameter as a function of
      repetition of S during the session. The three doses (50, 100, 150 mg) of PK 8165
      produced a very significant dose-dependent reduction in these responses during
      both stressful periods and resting sequences. Furthermore, the baseline values of
      respiratory and especially heart rate were also significantly reduced in a dose
      dependent fashion by PK 8165. In contrast, the treatment with placebo did not
      significantly modify these parameters, compared to control values. The functional
      implications of these data are discussed in terms of stress-induced activation of
      some CNS structures and of the possible mechanisms of the "anti-stress" effect of
      PK 8165.

PMID- 3703177
TI  - A reassessment of the binding of [3H]rauwolscine to membranes from the rat
      cortex.
AB  - In order to fully resolve the binding profile of [3H]rauwolscine to membranes
      from the cortex of the rat, saturation, competition and association-dissociation
      data were analysed by means of computerised curve-fitting techniques. The binding
      isotherm for [3H]rauwolscine was best fitted to a two-component model consisting
      of a high-affinity, saturable site (approx. Kd 1.8 nM) and a low-affinity,
      apparently non-saturable, component. Displacement experiments revealed shallow
      inhibition curves for both antagonist and agonist ligands with a rank order of
      potency indicative of an interaction at the alpha 2-adrenoceptor. Inclusion of
      spiroperidol, but not prazosin, markedly steepened the antagonist, but not the
      agonist inhibition curves. In addition, spiroperidol attenuated, but did not
      eliminate, the low-affinity component in saturation experiments. Dissociation and
      association data revealed a biphasic paradigm, the more slowly
      associating/dissociating component of which was sensitive to spiroperidol. It was
      concluded that [3H]rauwolscine binds to two sites on membranes of the rat cortex;
      a high-affinity site corresponding to alpha 2-adrenoceptors and a low-affinity,
      spiroperidol-sensitive component. The possible identity of the low-affinity site
      is discussed with particular emphasis on displacement data for [3H]rauwolscine
      and the interaction with rauwolscine in isolated organs.

PMID- 3703178
TI  - Rapid induction of dependence to morphine in rats.
AB  - The rate of development of dependence to morphine was studied in female rats
      which were given increasing concentrations of morphine sulphate in their drinking
      fluid (5% sucrose solution). The occurrence of physical dependence was determined
      by the naloxone-precipitated withdrawal syndrome at various times during the 3
      week experimental period. It was found that a significant degree of the
      withdrawal syndrome precipitated by naloxone was evident at 24 hr after starting
      administration of morphine; the syndrome reached its greatest intensity after the
      rats had received the opiate for 7 days. This study shows that dependence on
      morphine can be induced in rats by administration of the opiate in drinking fluid
      for a period shorter than 7 days.

PMID- 3703179
TI  - Drug interactions with ethanol. Effects on body temperature and motor impairment.
AB  - Single doses of d-amphetamine, chlorpheniramine or diazepam were combined with
      ethanol under two conditions: (i) in drug-naive mice and (ii) in mice which had
      been given a single dose of ethanol 72 hr previously. Ethanol was administered
      orally at doses of 6.0, 3.0 or 1.5 g/kg; doses of d-amphetamine, chlorpheniramine
      or diazepam were given intraperitoneally. Three parameters were measured; changes
      in rectal temperature, forced motor coordination, as evaluated by rotarod
      performance and concentrations of ethanol in blood. d-Amphetamine and
      chlorpheniramine attenuated the hypothermia induced by ethanol but had no effect
      on the motor-impairing effect of ethanol. Hypothermia induced by diazepam was
      unaffected by ethanol, but the combination appeared to impair maximally rotarod
      performance. Concentrations of ethanol in blood did not differ between ethanol
      naive mice and mice which had received the same dose of ethanol 72 hr previously.
      Changes in body temperature and intoxication have been attributed to central
      actions of ethanol; however, the differential results obtained from the
      interactions between these drugs suggest differing sensitivities of the various
      systems which are affected by ethanol.

PMID- 3703180
TI  - Increased number of hypothalamic [3H] (+)-amphetamine binding sites in
      genetically obese (ob/ob) mice.
AB  - In genetically obese (ob/ob) mice the development of obesity was correlated with
      the binding of [3H] (+)-amphetamine to the hypothalamus. In 39-day-old ob/ob
      mice, which had obtained a body weight greater than 150% of their lean
      littermates, hypothalamic [3H] (+)-amphetamine binding had increased by
      approximately 60% above levels of their lean littermates. This increased number
      of hypothalamic [3H] (+)-amphetamine binding sites appeared during the onset of
      obesity and then remained elevated following the most prominent weight gain.
      Since ob/ob mice are markedly hyperglycemic throughout their life, the increase
      in [3H] (+)-amphetamine binding site density in the hypothalamus may be secondary
      to elevated blood glucose.

PMID- 3703181
TI  - Pipecolic acid enhancement of GABA response in single neurons of rat brain.
AB  - Using unit recording and microelectrophoresis, influence of pipecolic acid (PA),
      a major metabolite of lysine in the brain, on GABA and glycine responses was
      studied in the cerebral cortical and hippocampal pyramidal neurons of rats. With
      small currents, PA had no effect on the single neuron activities but enhanced
      GABA response without affecting glycine response. The finding provides a new
      evidence that PA may have a connection with central GABA system.

PMID- 3703183
TI  - Oxytocin facilitates the sexual receptivity of estrogen-treated female rats.
AB  - Oxytocin (OXY) and arginine-vasopressin (AVP) are widely distributed within the
      brain and have a number of behavioral effects resulting from central
      administration. We have previously found that central OXY administration
      accelerated the onset of maternal behavior in ovariectomized (OVXed) estrogen
      treated nulliparous rats. We now report that intracerebroventricular (ICV)
      injections of OXY enhance lordosis behavior in OVXed estrogen-treated rats. After
      treatment with 0.15, 0.20, or 0.25 micrograms EB IM for three days, OXY (800 ng)
      infusion ICV on the fourth day produced a significant increase in lordosis
      behavior between 20 and 90 minutes after administration. Doses of OXY between 0.8
      and 5 micrograms injected ICV significantly increased lordosis behavior in
      animals pretreated with 0.5 micrograms EB for three days. In other OVXed rats
      treated with 0.5 micrograms EB for three days, ICV injections of 1 micrograms OXY
      or an equimolar dose of AVP significantly increased lordosis while equimolar
      doses of ACTH1-10, ACTH4-10, arginine-vasotocin, GnRH and alpha-MSH did not
      significantly increase lordosis behavior over saline vehicle levels. ACTH1-24
      significantly lowered lordosis quotients. We have concluded from these data that
      central administration of OXY (and possibly AVP) enhance female sexual
      receptivity. This effect is estrogen dependent, dose related and under our test
      conditions, specific to OXY and AVP.

PMID- 3703182
TI  - Leu-enkephalin content in rat brain during prolonged treatment with imipramine or
      amitriptyline.
AB  - Male Wistar rats were treated with imipramine /IMI/ /2 or 10 mg/kg, p.o./ or
      amitriptyline /AMI/ 10 mg/kg, p.o./ by drinking water. Each drug was given once
      or over periods of 1, 3, 4, 6 and 9 months. Leu-enkephalin /LENK/ content was
      measured by radioimmunoassay in the striatum, hypothalamus and brain perfusates
      after different periods of the treatment with antidepressants. A single 10 mg/kg
      dose of IMI increased the level of LENK in the striatum and decreased it in the
      hypothalamus. Six months after IMI treatment the level of LENK in the striatum
      was decreased after a 2 mg/kg dose and increased after 10 mg/kg; in the
      hypothalamus a dose-dependent increase of LENK content was observed. In brain
      perfusates the level of LENK was decreased 3 months after IMI treatment, but
      highly increased after a 9-month administration. This indicates that during
      prolonged treatment with imipramine the central enkephalinergic activity is
      dynamically changed and can affect the psychopharmacological effects of IMI.
      After the prolonged treatment with AMI a decrease of LENK level in the striatum
      was observed only after 4 months of the drug administration, and no changes were
      seen in the hypothalamus. It is suggested that both antidepressants studied have
      different action on the central enkephalinergic system.

PMID- 3703184
TI  - Inhibition of feeding by the C-terminal tetrapeptide fragment of cholecystokinin
      in a novel environment.
AB  - Several doses of the C-terminal tetrapeptide fragment of cholecystokinin
      octapeptide (CCK-5-8) were injected intraperitoneally (ip.) and
      intracerebroventricularly (icv.), and their effects on the feeding of 24-hr food
      deprived rats in familiar and novel environments were studied. In the familiar
      environment, CCK-5-8 ip. or icv. had no effect on the food intake of the rats. In
      the novel environment (i.e. in an open field), CCK-5-8 showed merely slight
      effects on the main open-field parameters: only ip. administered CCK-5-8 enhanced
      the incidence of grooming. Of the feeding parameters tested in the open field,
      mainly the food intake/approach to food ratio was depressed by CCK-5-8 ip. or
      icv. The 24 mumole/kg ip. dose of CCK-5-8 decreased the food intake, while the 8
      pmole icv. dose increased the number of approaches to food. After the treatments
      found to be the most effective, the latency to first bite was also enhanced. The
      results suggest that CCK-5-8 can amplify the arousal enhancement elicited by
      novelty through a central mechanism.

PMID- 3703185
TI  - Nimodipine and chronic vasospasm in monkeys: Part 3. Cardiopulmonary effects.
AB  - A subarachnoid hemorrhage was induced in 30 cynomolgus monkeys by the placement
      of a 6- to 7-ml blood clot through a frontotemporal craniectomy (Day 0). The
      monkeys underwent a 1-week-long, randomized, blind trial comparing various doses
      of nimodipine to placebo, sham, and no treatment. The treatment groups were:
      nimodipine, 3 mg/kg every 8 hours (n = 6), 6 mg/kg every 8 hours (n = 6), and 12
      mg/kg every 8 hours (n = 6); placebo (polyethylene glycol 400), 0.33 ml/kg every
      8 hours (n = 6); and no treatment (n = 6). An additional sham group underwent
      craniectomy without clot placement (n = 6) so that 36 animals in total were
      operated upon. Differences in cardiopulmonary indices between Day 0 and Day 7
      were compared within and between groups. No significant differences were obtained
      in the sham and no treatment groups. The nimodipine 6- and 12-mg/kg groups showed
      significant decreases in blood pressure (P less than 0.04 and P less than 0.015).
      Systemic vascular resistance was increased in the placebo and 3-mg/kg groups (P
      less than 0.02) and decreased in the 12-mg/kg group (P less than 0.015). Stroke
      index was increased in the 12-mg/kg group (P less than 0.05). Cardiac index and
      stroke index correlated positively with nimodipine dosage (r = 0.99, P less than
      0.05). There were no pronounced changes in pulmonary artery wedge pressure,
      central venous pressure, alveolar-arterial oxygen pressure difference,
      arteriovenous oxygen content difference, and percentage of shunting.

PMID- 3703186
TI  - Effect of the barbiturate methohexital on cerebral vessels and intracranial
      pressure.
AB  - Reactions of pial arteries and veins as well as intracranial pressure (ICP) and
      mean arterial pressure during intravenous administration of methohexital were
      observed in two groups of cats totaling 24 animals in order to investigate
      hypothesized direct barbiturate effects on cerebral vascular volume. Group 1 had
      bolus injection of 1 mg/kg followed by infusion of 0.1 mg/kg/min over 60 minutes.
      This induced a 6 to 7% arterial dilatation at 50 to 60 minutes (not significant);
      a 20% reduction of pial vein calibers was observed (P less than 0.01). In Group
      2, the same treatment protocol administered under conditions of ICP elevation to
      20 mm Hg by the cisternal infusion of mock cerebrospinal fluid resulted again in
      consistent, although less extensive, venous caliber reduction (5 to 7%, P less
      than 0.01). In Group 2 controls, pial arteries dilated by 15 to 20%; this
      reaction was suppressed in the methohexital-treated animals. After stopping
      methohexital, however, arteries in the methohexital group dilated to almost the
      same extent as in controls. Mean arterial pressure remained stable in both
      groups. ICP was not reduced by methohexital. EEG-activity was slightly increased
      during treatment. We conclude that methohexital has a direct effect on vessel
      caliber and thus cerebral blood volume via absolute diminution of venous vessels
      and suppression of ICP-induced autoregulative arterial dilatation. This direct
      vascular effect, however, seems to be counterbalanced by unknown intracranial
      mass effects that prevent a reduction in ICP.

PMID- 3703187
TI  - Potential roles for early revascularization in patients with acute cerebral
      ischemia.
AB  - The risk of carotid endarterectomy in acute cerebral ischemic situations is well
      documented. By using the superficial temporal or occipital artery, it is possible
      to provide relatively low flow revascularization conduits, potentially avoiding
      the risk of postoperative hemorrhage. Eighteen patients at The University of
      Texas Health Science Center at Dallas, Texas, have been treated recently with
      extracranial to intracranial bypass in the setting of acute neurological deficit,
      stroke in evolution, or recent completed infarction. Angiographic causes of these
      deficits included cervical carotid occlusion in 5 patients, carotid siphon
      disease in 2 patients, middle cerebral stenosis or occlusion in 3 patients, and
      delayed cerebral ischemia following subarachnoid hemorrhage in 8 patients.
      Neurological improvement was demonstrated within 24 hours following
      revascularization in 15 cases (83%); 3 patients were unchanged following bypass,
      and no patient's condition was worsened. The only case of postoperative
      intracerebral hemorrhage occurred 1 week following a long saphenous vein graft
      from the subclavian to the middle cerebral artery. After an average follow-up of
      19 months, 7 patients are neurologically normal, 8 patients have mild to moderate
      deficits, and 3 patients have died. Low flow revascularization procedures appear
      to be safe in the setting of acute cerebral ischemia and may in selected patients
      boost regional cerebral blood flow from levels of symptomatic ischemia into a
      range compatible with normal neuronal function.

PMID- 3703188
TI  - Occipital lobe infarction caused by tentorial herniation.
AB  - Occipital lobe infarction caused by tentorial herniation was described based on
      computed tomography findings in nine patients. The whole area of the occipital
      lobe was involved in five patients; some areas were spared in the others.
      Infarction other than the ipsilateral occipital lobe was seen in four areas of
      nine patients: the ispsilateral posterior limb of the internal capsule,
      contralateral Ammon's horn, and two contralateral occipital lobes. Hemorrhagic
      infarction was seen in two patients.

PMID- 3703189
TI  - Experience in the management of odontoid process injuries: an analysis of 128
      cases.
AB  - The authors present a retrospective analysis of 128 cases of odontoid process
      injury treated at the University of Minnesota and affiliated hospitals between
      the years 1967 and 1983. Of these 128 cases, 110 were acute fractures, while 18
      patients suffered from old, unstable odontoid injuries. Motor vehicle accident
      was the leading cause of injury, and the largest group of patients was in their
      second decade. Type II fractures were the most commonly encountered type of
      injury, and anterior subluxation was the most common displacement. Posterior
      subluxation, however, had the highest incidence of associated neurological
      deficit. Regarding treatment, the 110 acute fracture patients fell into the
      following groups: 16 patients died during the acute phase, 14 patients underwent
      early posterior cervical fusion, and 80 patients underwent a course of external
      skeletal fixation. The remaining 18 patients with old unstable injuries underwent
      posterior cervical fusion. An analysis of the results in these groups led to the
      elucidation of certain factors that likely are important in determining the
      treatment of each individual patient. These factors include age of the patient,
      type of odontoid fracture, direction and degree of fracture displacement, and
      diagnostic delay. Fracture reduction and halo immobilization are the treatments
      preferred for patients who are diagnosed within 1 week of injury, who are less
      than 65 years of age and who have anteriorly, nondisplaced, or minimally
      posteriorly subluxed (less than 2 mm) Type II fractures, or who have any Type III
      injury.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3703190
TI  - Rehabilitative neurosurgery.
AB  - The neurosurgical role in rehabilitation rehabilitation was studied. Over a 5
      year period, 850 individuals were referred to a rehabilitation center after
      initial acute care. Surgery was indicated for 66 patients. There were 28
      quadriplegic or paraplegic individuals with intractable spasticity. Percutaneous
      radiofrequency foramenal rhizotomies were found to be 98% effective in relieving
      posttraumatic spasticity. In 14 patients with cognitive impairment, intellectual
      improvement had reached a plateau level. These persons underwent computed
      tomography scanning and cisternography, revealing significant communicating
      hydrocephalus. After surgical shunt therapy, cognitive improvement was noted in
      86%. Nineteen individuals were sent for rehabilitation following spine fracture
      or progressive quadriplegia; 17 were found to have persistent spinal instability
      requiring surgical stabilization by fusion. This was successful in all cases
      without complications. Two persons required decompressive spinal operations,
      resulting in neurological stabilization or improvement. Five patients developed
      pain, spasticity, ascending neurological deficit, or autonomic dysreflexia due to
      posttraumatic syrinx. These symptoms were stabilized or improved following
      syringosubarachnoid shunting. The authors submit that comprehensive neurosurgical
      reevaluation is desirable in patients received for rehabilitation. Periodic
      neurosurgical follow-up is recommended. The neurosurgeon's role is not limited to
      the acute process.

PMID- 3703191
TI  - Cervical spine fractures with major associated trauma.
AB  - A detailed review of 88 consecutive patients placed in skeletal tong traction for
      cervical fractures by the University of Louisville Neurosurgical Service during a
      5-year period from July 1, 1979, through June 30, 1984, was carried out. Of this
      group, 60% of the patients had a major associated injury consisting of major
      facial and skull fractures, cerebral contusions or intracerebral blood clots,
      cardiac or pulmonary contusions, major thoracic injuries including rib fractures
      and hemo- or pneumothoraces, intra-abdominal injuries, and major extremity
      fractures. An additional 24% of the patients had minor associated injuries,
      including facial or scalp lacerations, general body lacerations, or abrasions and
      cerebral concussions. Only 16% of patients with cervical fractures had no
      evidence of any other associated injury. Acute cervical spine fractures require
      prompt assessment and resuscitation by personnel from multiple specialties,
      usually available only in major trauma centers where experienced personnel
      capable of handling diverse injuries are always present.

PMID- 3703192
TI  - Efficacy of vincristine and cyclophosphamide in the therapy of recurrent
      medulloblastoma.
AB  - We conducted a Phase II study of combination therapy with vincristine and
      cyclophosphamide in the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic
      medulloblastoma. Fourteen patients were treated with vincristine 2 mg/m2 (2.0-mg
      maximal dose) by intravenous bolus on Day 1 and cyclophosphamide 1 g/m2 by
      intravenous infusion on Days 1 and 2, with cycles repeated every 4 weeks. All 4
      patients with extraneural disease (biopsy-proven bony metastases) responded
      (duration of responses 2+, 6+, 8, and 16+ months) and 4 of 8 evaluable patients
      with neuraxis disease responded (duration of response 2, 2+, 2+, and 21+ months).
      Toxicity was limited to neutropenia without any episodes of infection. These
      therapeutic results compare favorably with other reports of therapy for recurrent
      medulloblastoma and support the inclusion of vincristine and cyclophosphamide in
      randomized adjuvant therapy trials of patients with medulloblastoma.

PMID- 3703193
TI  - Surgical treatment of sagittal synostosis.
AB  - A technique for the correction of scaphocephaly is described. It is safe, is
      technically straightforward, and rapidly corrects the deformity. The results of a
      standardized operative procedure in 50 patients are reviewed.

PMID- 3703194
TI  - Percutaneous placement of ventriculoatrial shunts: four-year case experience.
AB  - During the past 4 years, we have used percutaneous placement of the atrial
      catheter in 39 patients who have undergone ventriculoatrial shunting. The age
      range of our patients has been from 9 to 74 years of age, with routine
      indications existing. Both subclavian and internal jugular venous access have
      been utilized, with the latter being our preferred route of access for reasons of
      safety. Average operative time has been approximately 35 to 40 minutes. Both
      traditional and split-sheath introducer catheters have been used. Patient follow
      up has been up to 4 years. Intraoperative complications have been limited to
      puncture of the carotid artery on two occasions; neither affected the ultimate
      performance of the procedure. Postoperative complications have been limited to
      those peculiar to shunt procedures in general and have required revision in four
      instances. One patient suffered an infection secondary to shunting. The benefits
      of this procedure seem to include safety, decreased operative site exposure, and
      decreased operative time, all factors that may contribute to a lower than normal
      infection rate and may warrant consideration of this procedure in adolescents and
      adults for whom ventriculoatrial shunting is indicated.

PMID- 3703195
TI  - Aneurysm arising from the medial branch of the superior cerebellar artery.
AB  - A case is presented of an aneurysm arising from the distal portion of the medial
      branch of the superior cerebellar artery. The aneurysm was discovered after a
      subarachnoid hemorrhage and was clipped successfully. We found no similar
      distally located aneurysm in a review of the literature. The close relationship
      between the superior cerebellar artery and the posterior cerebral artery is
      discussed to facilitate the proper choice of surgical approach.

PMID- 3703196
TI  - Transient neurological deficit after therapeutic embolization of the arteries
      supplying the medial wall of the hemisphere, including the supplementary motor
      area.
AB  - A 27-year-old, right-handed woman underwent intraoperative embolization for a
      left parasagittal arteriovenous malformation as part of a two stage plan that
      included subsequent surgical resection of the arteriovenous malformation. This
      report describes the neurological syndrome that developed after the first
      procedure. The relation of these deficits to localization of function within the
      supplementary motor area are correlated with recent advances in our understanding
      of this region.

PMID- 3703197
TI  - Syringomyelia and syringobulbia associated with an ependymoma of the cauda equina
      involving the conus medullaris: case report.
AB  - A patient with syringomyelia and syringobulbia secondary to an asymptomatic
      ependymoma of the cauda equina involving the conus medullaris is described.
      Delayed metrizamide computed tomography myelography was decisive for making the
      diagnosis of a highly extended syrinx associated with the tumor. Syringomyelic
      symptoms improved remarkably following the removal of the tumor, and the syrinx
      was not visualized in a postoperative study. The pathogenesis of syringomyelia
      associated with a caudally located spinal cord tumor is discussed.

PMID- 3703198
TI  - Myiatic scalp and skull infection with diptera Sarcophaga: case report.
AB  - The authors describe an unusual infestation of an ulcerative squamous cell
      carcinoma of the scalp and skull with Diptera Sarcophaga larvae. Human myiasis is
      rare in temperate zones and presents a rather unique neurosurgical challenge. The
      clinical presentation and treatment of human myiasis are briefly discussed.

PMID- 3703199
TI  - Primary leptomeningeal gliomatosis and "numb, clumsy hands": a case report.
AB  - A 48-year-old man presented with the numb, clumsy hand syndrome. Evaluation
      revealed a high cervical cord lesion. Surgical exploration discovered
      leptomeningeal gliomatosis with no discernible intraparenchymal component. The
      clinical features of the case, the neuroimaging studies including magnetic
      resonance scanning, and the most unusual pathological nature of the lesion are
      discussed.

PMID- 3703200
TI  - Pyogenic abscess of the medulla oblongata.
AB  - Pyogenic brain stem abscess is rare. A case of spontaneous abscess of the medulla
      oblongata is reported in which the diagnosis was made preoperatively by computed
      tomography. Surgical drainage resulted in good functional recovery and
      radiological resolution of the lesion. This is the first reported case of
      survival in a patient with an abscess of the medulla oblongata. The
      pathophysiology, clinical symptoms, and radiological appearance of the entity are
      discussed. Prompt diagnosis and drainage are emphasized as important factors
      influencing survival.

PMID- 3703201
TI  - Bilateral traumatic leptomeningeal cysts.

PMID- 3703202
TI  - Subarachnoid hemorrhage and AVM.

PMID- 3703203
TI  - Moyamoya disease.

PMID- 3703204
TI  - Acrylic prosthesis and wire.

PMID- 3703205
TI  - Experimental primate stroke model.

PMID- 3703206
TI  - EC-IC bypass and refractory vasospasm.

PMID- 3703207
TI  - Neurogenic claudication and ependymoma.

PMID- 3703208
TI  - Acute middle cerebral artery occlusion: experience with volume expansion therapy.
AB  - Five consecutive patients with acute neurological deficits after middle cerebral
      artery (MCA) occlusion were given emergency treatment with colloidal volume
      expansion. In each case, the diagnosis was confirmed promptly by computed
      tomography and cerebral angiography. Aggressive volume expansion therapy was
      started 2 to 18 hours (mean, 11 hr) after the onset of the neurological deficit.
      The mean colloidal volume used was 920 ml/day for an average of 4 days. During
      volume expansion, the mean cardiac output increased 57% from 4.6 +/- 0.6 to 7.2
      +/- 1.9 litres/min (P less than 0.05). The mean hematocrit decreased 19% from 46
      +/- 3% to 37 +/- 4% (P less than 0.01). The mean arterial blood pressure remained
      stable, and the pulmonary artery wedge pressure was maintained at less than 15 mm
      Hg. Three patients improved dramatically with volume expansion therapy and have
      returned to their previous life-styles. Two patients made partial recoveries and
      manage at home with nursing care. The three patients who improved dramatically
      were young (aged less than 34) and, when compared to the older patients, they had
      greater increases in cardiac output (67% vs. 19%). No major complications or
      deaths were attributed to the volume expansion therapy. We propose that
      intravascular volume expansion and its concomitant augmentation of the
      cardiovascular dynamics may be effective in the treatment of acute neurological
      deficits after acute MCA occlusion.

PMID- 3703209
TI  - Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: three patients diagnosed by brain
      biopsy, with prolonged survival in two.
AB  - Since 1980, three immunocompromised patients have been proved to have progressive
      multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) by brain biopsy at the University of Alabama
      at Birmingham. Two patients presented with focal neurological findings, and the
      third presented with dementia. Computed tomography (CT) revealed white matter low
      density lesions in areas appropriate to the neurological abnormalities. Brain
      biopsy of areas that were abnormal on CT produced diagnostic tissue in all three
      patients. No patient suffered ill effects from the biopsy. Neuropathological
      findings on light microscopy were compatible with PML in each case, although
      there was diversity within the group. Involvement of gray and white matter was
      present in all biopsy specimens; oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and neurons were
      affected. Electron microscopic demonstration of particles compatible with polyoma
      virus confirmed the diagnosis in each case. Immunosuppressive medication was
      discontinued in two of the patients; these two have survived more than 2 years
      after diagnosis. One of these two has gradually improved and is independent in
      simple activities of daily life. Brain stem and cerebellar involvement and
      seizure disorders have been present in all reported cases. PML can be accurately
      and rapidly diagnosed by brain biopsy, enabling therapeutic manipulations that
      may prolong survival.

PMID- 3703210
TI  - Hemorrhagic infarction after vasospasm due to ruptured cerebral aneurysm.
AB  - Hemorrhagic infarction after vasospasm is a rare condition in patients with
      aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Induced hypertensive therapy is used
      for patients with vasospasm, but this treatment has a risk of inducing
      hemorrhagic infarction. A total of 221 patients whose first computed tomographic
      (CT) scans were examined within 2 weeks after SAH were investigated for this
      study. There was symptomatic vasospasm in 99 (45%), cerebral infarction in 37
      (17%), and hemorrhagic infarction in 13 (6%). Hemorrhagic infarction usually
      occurred 20 to 30 days after aneurysmal rupture; this period corresponds with the
      remission stage of the vasospasm. On CT scans, the hemorrhagic infarction was
      revealed as a leaky hemorrhage in a low density area in 11 cases, and a massive
      hemorrhage with mass effect was seen in 2 cases. These findings suggest that
      hemorrhagic infarction after vasospasm may sometimes be fatal. Cerebral blood
      flow autoregulation in patients with vasospasm was normal or of a hypertensive
      type during the remission stage of vasospasm, when hemorrhagic infarction usually
      appeared. This finding shows that induced hypertension therapy is ineffective
      during this stage; it should be stopped by this stage because it is ineffective
      and also may aggravate hemorrhagic infarction.

PMID- 3703211
TI  - Neurocysticercosis: surgical and medical management with praziquantel.
AB  - Eight cases of neurocysticercosis were encountered at the two major neurological
      centers affiliated with McGill University in Montreal in 4 years. All patients
      were immigrants who had been in Canada for a period of 1 to 18 years and came
      from South America (three cases), Haiti (three cases), and Greece (two cases).
      Five patients had parenchymal cysts and presented with epilepsy; three had the
      racemose form and presented with hydrocephalus. Four patients with parenchymal
      cysts were treated by removal of the cysticercus and did well. One patient with
      numerous cysts was treated with praziquantel with good clinical and radiological
      results. Two patients with the racemose form were treated by cyst aspiration,
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion, and praziquantel and did well. Another
      patient with the racemose form, seen before the advent of praziquantel, died of
      cysticercosis infection. Neurocysticercosis is not uncommon in the immigrant
      population of large North American cities. Single symptomatic cysts can be
      evacuated surgically with good results; multiple parenchymatous cysts can be
      treated with praziquantel. Patients with the racemose form who are treated with
      CSF diversion and praziquantel do well, although those who are only treated
      surgically die of their disease.

PMID- 3703212
TI  - Failure of naloxone to improve spinal cord blood flow and cardiac output after
      spinal cord injury.
AB  - It has been reported that the narcotic antagonist, naloxone, can improve spinal
      cord blood flow (SCBF) and clinical recovery after experimental spinal cord
      injury produced by the weight-dropping technique. The purpose of the present
      study was to determine the effect of naloxone on SCBF, cardiac output (CO) and
      blood flow to other organs following clip compression injury. Rats were
      anesthetized, paralyzed and ventilated, with mean systemic arterial pressure
      (MSAP) recorded continuously. After a C-7-T-1 laminectomy and a 1-minute acute
      compression injury with a 50-g clip at T-1, rats were given injections of
      radioactive microspheres for measurement of SCBF, CO, and blood flow to other
      organs. The first determination was made 15 minutes after injury and a second was
      made after a 1-hour treatment with naloxone. Treated animals each received an
      intravenous bolus injection of naloxone (10 mg/kg) followed by a 1-hour
      intravenous infusion (2 mg/kg/hour). Naloxone failed to improve posttraumatic
      SCBF in the injured spinal cord. In addition, naloxone did not prevent
      posttraumatic hypotension or the progressive decline in CO seen between 15 and 75
      minutes after injury. Thus, this study does not support the previous claims of a
      beneficial effect of naloxone on posttraumatic SCBF and MSAP.

PMID- 3703213
TI  - Relationship between posttraumatic ischemia and hemorrhage in the injured rat
      spinal cord as shown by colloidal carbon angiography.
AB  - Adult female Wistar rats underwent extradural clip compression injury of the
      spinal cord at T-1. A force of 40 g was applied for 1 minute; this moderately
      severe injury renders animals paraparetic. We performed colloidal carbon
      angiography with Aquablak on four animals at 15 minutes, 2 hours, and 24 hours
      after injury. The entire spinal cord was then removed, frozen, and sectioned
      serially at 250 micron. The sections were examined microscopically for patterns
      of ischemia and hemorrhage at the site of compression injury and at adjacent and
      remote sites in the spinal cord. There was a marked lack of filling of the
      arterioles, capillaries, and venules at the injury site. In addition, there was a
      specific anatomical distribution of the ischemic areas in that ischemia of the
      white matter occurred in areas supplied by arteries that traversed adjacent
      hemorrhagic gray matter. For example, ischemia of the ventral funiculus was
      consistently seen adjacent to hemorrhage in the ventral gray matter. Similarly,
      ischemia of the dorsal white columns was related to hemorrhagic lesions
      surrounding the feeding vessels in the dorsal gray matter. This study also
      demonstrates the usefulness of a new colloidal carbon suspension (Aquablak) for
      documenting the pathophysiology of posttraumatic ischemia of the spinal cord. The
      results suggest that ischemic lesions in the white matter are anatomically
      related to hemorrhagic lesions in the gray matter. The pathophysiology of this
      relationship is unknown, but may include thrombosis, vasospasm, or direct injury
      of the feeding vessels.

PMID- 3703214
TI  - Caudate hemorrhage.
AB  - Thirteen patients with caudate hemorrhage are described. All the hemorrhages were
      in the head of the caudate nucleus, and all the hemorrhages but one ruptured in
      the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle. In 9 patients, the hemorrhage was
      related to hypertension and the patients were older. In the other 4 patients, the
      hemorrhage resulted from rupture of an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) and the
      patients were under 40 years old. Clinical manifestations were nearly the same in
      both groups, suggestive of subarachnoid hemorrhage and including hemiparesis in
      most patients. In patients with hypertension, good recovery was obtained by
      conservative treatment and in those with ruptured AVMs, resection of AVMs through
      an anterior transcallosal approach may be safe and recommended.

PMID- 3703215
TI  - Long term survival of a patient with an intracranial ependymoma: case report.
AB  - A patient with a posterior fossa ependymoma who has survived for over 49 years is
      presented. Inspection of the original specimen from 1936 and comparison to
      subsequent biopsies show no change in the benign morphology of the tumor. This
      case is unique not only in the patient's length of survival, but also in the
      sequential histological examination of the tumor.

PMID- 3703216
TI  - Spontaneous arteriovenous fistulas of cerebral vessels in association with
      fibromuscular dysplasia.
AB  - Four cases of spontaneous arteriovenous fistula seen in association with
      fibromuscular dysplasia of the parent artery are presented. In two patients, the
      fistula was between the carotid artery and cavernous sinus; in two others, the
      fistula involved the vertebral artery and paravertebral veins. It is postulated
      that the angiopathy was responsible for the fistula. Treatment by detachable
      balloon embolization was successful in each case; however, the presence of the
      fibromuscular dysplasia made treatment more difficult.

PMID- 3703217
TI  - Carotid occlusion in a 27-year-old man: a case report.
AB  - A 27-year-old man developed premature carotid atherosclerosis some 15 years after
      mantle radiation to the head and neck for nasopharyngeal lymphoepithelioma.

PMID- 3703218
TI  - Isolated C-2 osteomyelitis of hematogenous origin: case report and literature
      review.
AB  - A case of hematogenous Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis isolated to the 2nd
      cervical vertebra is presented. To our knowledge, this is the second case to be
      reported of hematogenous infection involving only the body and odontoid process
      of the axis. The first report was published prior to the advent of computed
      tomography, bone scans, and halo orthosis. The pathophysiology of blood-borne
      atlantoaxial infection is described, as well as methods of diagnostic evaluation
      and therapeutic recommendations. The use of computed tomography to define the
      extent of the lesion is illustrated.

PMID- 3703219
TI  - A case of moyamoya disease accompanied by an arteriovenous malformation.
AB  - It is well known that moyamoya disease sometimes is accompanied by cerebral
      aneurysm; however, no case of moyamoya disease with arteriovenous malformation
      has previously been published. We report such a case. A 33-year-old man suffered
      from transient left motor weakness and visual disturbance. Plain computed
      tomography (CT) showed a low density area in the left parietooccipital cortex.
      Enhanced CT revealed a ribbon-shaped enhanced area in the right temporooccipital
      cortex and a spotty enhanced area in the right frontal subcortex. Cerebral
      angiography revealed moyamoya disease. On the basis of Suzuki's angiographic
      classification, the patient was diagnosed as Stage III. Right carotid angiography
      revealed an arteriovenous malformation fed by basal moyamoya vessels and draining
      to the vein of Trolard and the sylvian vein of the right frontal lobe. This
      arteriovenous malformation consisted of feeders, the nidus, and drainers.
      Trolard's vein, which was one of the draining veins of the arteriovenous
      malformation, flowed to the moyamoya vessels of the right parietal vault.

PMID- 3703220
TI  - Cerebral salt wasting after pituitary exploration and biopsy: case report.
AB  - We report a case of hyponatremia associated with volume depletion after pituitary
      exploration and biopsy. The presence of clinical dehydration precluded diagnosis
      of the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. The absence
      of a hypoadrenal state and the patient's response to volume reexpansion were
      consistent with a diagnosis of primary cerebral salt wasting.

PMID- 3703221
TI  - Supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage after posterior fossa operation.
AB  - Three cases of supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage after posterior fossa
      operation are described, and nine other cases reported in the literature are
      reviewed. The possible causes are discussed, but in eight cases no definite cause
      could be found. All eight patients were operated on in the sitting position, and
      all had hematomas in the subcortical white matter. A possible cause might be
      changes in intracranial dynamics in the sitting position with disruption of
      subcortical veins. Other authors mention the possibility of occlusion of carotid
      or vertebral vessels in the neck by improper positioning of the head leading to
      intraoperative infarction and to hemorrhage within the infarcted brain after
      repositioning of the patient. With the patient in a lateral or semilateral
      position, this complication should be preventable.

PMID- 3703222
TI  - Subdural hematomas in abused children: report of six cases from Japan.
AB  - In abused children, subdural hematoma is one of the most common causes of damage
      to the central nervous system. We report six Japanese cases of child abuse with
      subdural hematoma and discuss differences from those in the United States. The
      majority of abused children with subdural hematomas in Japan have suffered direct
      violence to the face and head, resulting in external signs of trauma. Failure to
      detect these external traces of trauma, however, might result in an incorrect
      diagnosis of infantile acute subdural hematoma attributed to accidental trivial
      head injury. Child abuse with subdural hematoma in the United States is
      frequently caused by whiplash shaking injury in which external signs of trauma
      may not be evident. In the United States, retinal hemorrhage and subdural
      hematoma together suggest child abuse; some cases of infantile acute subdural
      hematoma might be mistakenly diagnosed as child abuse. Thus, the constellation of
      retinal bleeding and subdural hematoma combined with the absence of visible signs
      of trauma is differently interpreted in the United States and Japan.

PMID- 3703223
TI  - Resolution of hemifacial spasm after posterior fossa exploration without vascular
      decompression.
AB  - A 57-year-old woman who had hemifacial spasm on the left side for 5 years
      underwent exploration of the cerebellopontine angle region for the purpose of
      microvascular decompression. At operation, however, no artery, vein, or other
      abnormality was noted at the facial nerve root exit zone. Consequently, the
      exploration was completed without additional manipulation or the placement of a
      protective barrier, but the patient awoke from the operation completely free of
      the spasm. The cause of the hemifacial spasm in this patient could not be
      explained by the currently predominating vascular compression theory.

PMID- 3703224
TI  - Familial mixed oligodendrocytic-astrocytic gliomas.
AB  - We present the first reported cases of mixed oligodendrocytic-astrocytic gliomas
      to occur in two members of the same family, a father and a son. These tumors had
      common biological and histological characteristics, and their occurrence supports
      the concept of genetic determination in some gliomas.

PMID- 3703225
TI  - Filamentous Histoplasma capsulatum involving a ventriculoatrial shunt.
AB  - We describe the first case, to our knowledge, of filamentous Histoplasma
      capsulatum infection in a ventriculoatrial shunt. A review of the literature on
      the incidence, etiologies, and symptomatology of shunt-related infections is
      presented. The pathogenesis and treatment of the fungus-infected shunts are also
      discussed.

PMID- 3703226
TI  - Total stabilization of the cervical spine in patients with cervical spondylotic
      myelopathy.
AB  - Certain patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy demonstrate instability in
      the upper cervical vertebral column associated with marked narrowing of the
      vertebral canal in the neighboring lower cervical segments. This combination of
      causative mechanisms creates difficulty in using routine surgical procedures,
      especially in elderly and severely debilitated patients. We present three cases
      that typify this situation and illustrate marked resolution of debilitating
      myelopathy through total posterior fusion of the cervical spine usually
      incorporating the occiput.

PMID- 3703227
TI  - Identification of a retained surgical sponge using magnetic resonance imaging.
AB  - We report a patient who had a spinal abscess due to a retained surgical sponge.
      Through the use of magnetic resonance imaging, the sponge was identified.
      Postoperative foreign body complications are discussed.

PMID- 3703228
TI  - Spontaneous intracerebral pneumocephalus after ventriculoperitoneal shunting in
      patients with posterior fossa tumors: report of two cases.
AB  - Two cases of pneumocephalus after ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement in
      patients with posterior fossa tumors were reported. In each instance, air entered
      the ventricles through a porencephalic cavity in the temporal lobe that
      communicated with the mastoid air cells. Thinning of the petrous bone may occur
      secondary to chronic hydrocephalus or congenital factors. The decrease of
      intracranial pressure after a shunt might play a role in causing pneumocephalus.
      The early discovery of the site of air entrance by computed tomographic scan and
      the direct repair of the bone and dural defect should be mandatory.

PMID- 3703229
TI  - Atrophic brain at high risk in neurosurgery: report of a case complicated by
      postoperative intracerebral hemorrhage and tension pneumocephalus.
AB  - The author reports a patient whose postoperative course was complicated by the
      coexistence of subcortical hematoma contralateral to the operative site and
      tension pneumocephalus. This case report and review of the literature suggest
      that these two complications are both attributed to the intraoperative procedure,
      which rapidly and greatly relaxes the brain. The potential risk of neurosurgical
      procedures for an atrophic brain, in which such complications are apt to occur,
      is discussed.

PMID- 3703230
TI  - Methods in neuropsychology.

PMID- 3703231
TI  - The clinical examination for motor apraxia.
AB  - The signs and symptoms of motor apraxia are described both for ideomotor and
      ideational apraxia. Typical errors are described. For ideomotor apraxia a list of
      tasks is given. The many conceptual and psychometric problems that still await an
      answer are briefly discussed.

PMID- 3703232
TI  - Event-related potentials of the brain and cognitive processes: approaches and
      applications.
AB  - Event-related potentials (ERPs) are recordings of the electric field which the
      brain produces in fixed time-relation to an event. ERPs open a time and space
      window onto covert steps of brain information processing which need not be
      accompanied by overt behavior or private experiences. ERPs are the only
      noninvasive method which resolves the dynamic pattern of events in the human
      brain down to the millisecond range. Early ERP components are valuable tools in
      clinical testing of the afferent sensory systems in the absence of anamnestic or
      clinical pathology. Later components (e.g. the 'P300') index intermediate, covert
      steps of information processing and have clarified the time course and the
      contingencies of processes in attention, decisions and language. ERP waveshapes
      show electric potential differences between two recording points. Conventional
      analysis often ignores the fact that there is no unique voltage amplitude or
      signal latency for a single point, and interprets ambiguous results. Although
      important insights have emerged with such strategies, full utilization of ERP
      data requires unambiguous ERP assessment and converging evidence from
      neuropsychological and cognitive experimentation. Sequences of field distribution
      maps offer an unbiased display of ERP data. Spatial analysis yields unambiguous
      values for further comprehensive assessment, and should precede analysis over
      time. Examples of spatial analysis have shown that different ERP field
      configurations follow the presentation of noun and verb meaning of homophone
      words; that the ERP effects to subjective contours resemble those to attention in
      time course and topography; that the 'cognitive' P300 component reflects the
      specific stimulus location; and that subliminal information influences the
      configuration of late ERP fields.

PMID- 3703233
TI  - Superselective intracerebral chemotherapy of malignant tumours with BCNU.
      Neuroradiological considerations.
AB  - Early experience shows that: Superselective intra-arterial catheterization above
      the ophthalmic artery minimizes the orbital complications. Catheterization in a
      distal branch may lead to the non-infusion of a part of the tumor territory. A
      much higher concentration of the drug is achieved by superselective intra
      arterial infusion than by intravenous injection. Longer infusions seem more
      efficacious than bolus injection. Early trapping of the drug appears to be
      essential for therapeutic efficacy.

PMID- 3703234
TI  - Bilateral paramedian thalamic infarctions: a CT study.
AB  - We describe eight patients with bilateral paramedian thalamic infarction on CT
      scanning. Clinically, these patients had infarctions of either the paramedian
      thalamus alone or the paramedian thalamus with a variable extension to contiguous
      structures. A single occlusion may result in bilateral paramedian thalamic
      lesions because of the common occurrence of a single trunk of origin for the
      paramedian thalamic arteries.

PMID- 3703235
TI  - Spin-echo MR imaging of intracranial hemorrhage.
AB  - This retrospective study was performed to describe the appearance of intracranial
      hemorrhagic lesions on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging at 0.35 tesla using the
      spin-echo technique, and define the present clinical role of MRI in this
      particular pathology. Forty-eight examinations of forty-three patients with forty
      seven intracranial hemorrhagic lesions (39 true hematomas and 8 hemorrhagic
      lesions mixed with other tissues) were reviewed for this study. Comparative CT
      studies were available for all the patients. In our limited experience with acute
      hematomas (less than 3 days old), low or isointense signal was seen with a short
      TR (0.5 s), but a relative increase in signal intensity was observed with a long
      TR (2.0 s). This appearance of acute hematoma was not specific. Chronic hematomas
      (more than 3 days old) were imaged as foci of bright signal intensity on both
      short and long TR. This pattern was characteristic of chronic hematoma. With a
      short TR (0.5 s), two hemorrhagic lesions (5 and 7 days old) were displayed as an
      isointense signal surrounded by a rim of high intensity signal. This peripheral
      zone most likely represented liquefaction at the clot's periphery and the initial
      formation of methemoglobin. T1 and T2 relaxation times were found to be very long
      for acute hematomas (first two days). T1 values of chronic hematomas (more than 3
      days old) were comparatively short and in the same range as T1 of white matter.
      T2 values of chronic hematomas decreased also but remained very long.

PMID- 3703236
TI  - Quantitative analysis of the cervical spinal canal by computed tomography.
AB  - Computed tomography measurements of the AP diameter, width, and cross-sectional
      area of the bony cervical canal were derived from cervical spine examinations of
      fifty-two normal adults. These quantitative parameters were then used to evaluate
      80 patients with various cervical abnormalities to determine the clinical
      usefulness of the measurements. With the exception of spinal stenosis,
      quantitative cervical canal analysis was found to be of limited usefulness since
      normal measurements frequently occurred in the presence of significant cervical
      pathology.

PMID- 3703237
TI  - Lumbar disc disease evaluated by myelography and postmyelography spinal computed
      tomography.
AB  - Five- and ten-millimeter-thick transverse axial computed tomography (CT) scans
      were obtained at lumbar disc spaces in 81 patients with suspected lumbar disc
      disease. Scans were obtained following metrizamide myelography. CT and
      myelography findings were compared and correlated with clinical and surgical
      findings. Postmyelography CT scan was superior to myelography in 68% since it was
      able to demonstrate even small herniations. It was especially valuable in the L5
      S1 space where the wide epidural space can hide the disc herniation without it
      being demonstrated by myelography. Also other kinds of pathology which may
      simulate or complicate disc herniation were readily evaluated by postmyelography
      CT. Although noncontrast CT scans are usually diagnostic and sufficient, the
      improved anatomical details obtained by postcontrast CT scans, increase the
      diagnostic accuracy, and selected, complicated cases may need the CT study with
      intrathecal metrizamide.

PMID- 3703238
TI  - Gas in spinal articulations.
AB  - The purpose of this review is to illustrate, some for the first time, a variety
      of gas collections in lumbar facet joints and intervertebral discs and in the
      sacroiliac joint.

PMID- 3703239
TI  - CT of the normal pituitary gland.
AB  - Retrospective evaluation of the pituitary gland on coronal post-contrast CT scan
      in 251 patients demonstrated that the pituitary gland is somewhat larger in
      females than in males. In males, glands measuring greater than 7.7 mm should be
      considered abnormal; in females, a statistically significant decline of gland
      height occurs with increasing age, the upper limit of normal for female gland
      height decreasing from 9.2 cm for a 20-year-old to 6.0 cm for a 90-year-old.
      Focal low densities greater than 3 mm are rare in males and probably should be
      considered abnormal.

PMID- 3703240
TI  - Mobile myelographic filling defects: spinal cysticercosis.
AB  - Cysticercosis usually affects the brain and is easily demonstrated by CT. Spinal
      cysticercosis is much rarer and is usually diagnosed only at surgery.
      Myelographic demonstration of multiple rounded filling defects, some of which
      were mobile, allowed diagnosis of spinal extramedullary cysticercosis in an
      unsuspected case. The literature on spinal cysticercosis is briefly reviewed.
      Diagnosis is important in view of the recent development of medical treatment.

PMID- 3703241
TI  - Physiological calcification of the septum pellucidum.

PMID- 3703242
TI  - Supreme anterior communicating artery.

PMID- 3703243
TI  - Temporal bone fractures and their complications. Examination with high resolution
      CT.
AB  - A total of 84 patients with 89 fractures of the temporal bone were examined with
      high resolution CT (HRCT) a few hours to 21 months after the initial trauma.
      Axial HRCT disclosed 63 longitudinal, 13 transverse, 10 complex and 3 atypical
      fractures. The diagnosis of a temporal bone fracture was established by axial
      HRCT in almost every case. However, for the precise topographic analysis of the
      course of the fracture, additional coronal HRCT proved helpful. The most common,
      surgically treatable complication of temporal bone fracture is disruption of the
      ossicular chain. Twenty-three such lesions were demonstrated by combined axial
      and coronal HRCT; 22 lesions of the facial canal could be demonstrated in 27
      patients presenting with facial nerve palsy. The most common site of injury to
      the facial canal was the region of the geniculate ganglion. The only life
      threatening complication of a temporal fracture may be otorhinoliquorrhea. This
      was present in 9 cases. The most common site of leakage identified was the tegmen
      tympani. With Metrizamide-HRCT precise localisation of the dural laceration was
      possible in 7 of these 9 cases.

PMID- 3703244
TI  - Coordination of arm movements in three-dimensional space. Sensorimotor mapping
      during drawing movement.
AB  - In this paper data are presented concerning the motion of limb segments during
      drawing movements executed in different planes in free space. The technique used
      allows the determination of the wrist and elbow positions in space as well as the
      measurement of the elbow angle of extension. Other kinematic variables are
      determined trigonometrically. Elbow and shoulder torque is also calculated. For
      circles and ellipses, it was found that the motion at the wrist is sinusoidal in
      two orthogonal directions in the plane of motion. Angular motion, when described
      by a set of angles previously identified psychophysically as constituting an
      appropriate coordinate system, is also sinusoidal. Although the number of degrees
      of freedom of the arm affords many possible ways of performing the task, there is
      a fixed phase relation between the angles of elevation of the upper arm and
      forearm for naturally executed movements in all planes of space. Also, the phase
      of the yaw angles of the upper arm and forearm relative to the angles of
      elevation are related to the plane of motion and to the slant of ellipses in a
      fixed manner. There is a simple mapping between angular motion and intended wrist
      trajectory. Because this mapping is not valid for all planes of space, the actual
      trajectory can deviate from the intended one. However, the subject has no
      cognizance of the distortion. The calculated torque deviates substantially from
      sinusoidal and does change significantly when the same movement is executed in
      different planes. Results of simulations and mathematical analysis indicate that
      the fixed phase relationship between angles of elevation leads to a minimal
      distortion from sinusoidal motion at the wrist in an average sense and that the
      characteristic distortions observed in the sagittal plane result inevitably from
      this constraint on the phase relations. The results support the assumption that
      the topology of the sensorimotor map used for the production of the movement and
      for its perception is the same. The problem of invariant relationships between
      kinematic parameters is discussed and the suggestion is made that they represent
      a general constraint, leading through learning and practice to an optimal
      solution in an average sense.

PMID- 3703245
TI  - Path constraints on point-to-point arm movements in three-dimensional space.
AB  - In this paper data are presented concerning the kinematic and dynamic
      characteristics of point-to-point arm movements which are inwardly or outwardly
      directed in three-dimensional space. Elbow and wrist position as well as elbow
      angle of extension were measured. From these data, other angles were computed
      trigonometrically and elbow and shoulder torques were calculated. Some of the
      angles describing arm and forearm motion were found to be linearly related for
      any given movement. Changes in shoulder and elbow torque were found to be similar
      to those described for movements restricted to one degree of freedom. Shoulder
      and elbow motions were not affected when it was required that the orientation of
      the hand in space remain constant. These observations were taken to indicate that
      shoulder and elbow motions are tightly coupled for movements in three-dimensional
      space and that wrist motion has no influence on this coupling. Linear relations
      between angles express such coupling. They are taken to result from functional
      constraints and may facilitate the mapping between extrinsic and intrinsic
      coordinate systems. Some of the observations pertaining to the torque lead to the
      hypothesis of a further constraint limiting the number of possible trajectories
      in a point-to-point movement.

PMID- 3703246
TI  - Serial reconstruction of Lucifer yellow-labeled supraoptic nucleus neurons in
      perfused rat hypothalamic explants.
AB  - Intracellular recordings from supraoptic nucleus neurons in perfused explants of
      rat hypothalamus were followed by intracellular injections of the fluorescent
      dye, Lucifer yellow. Following fixation, 40 microns sections were processed for
      whole cell light-microscopic reconstruction in the horizontal or coronal plane.
      The somata of most supraoptic neurons were elongated (mean 25 X 13 microns) with
      1-3 sparsely branched dendrites (length 30-725 microns) that displayed numerous
      spines. Most (95%) dendrites turned in the ventral direction to end in the glial
      lamina along the base of the nucleus. Each neuron had one axon: in 60% of cells,
      the axon arose from a dendritic profile and immediately assumed a varicose
      appearance; in the other 40% of cells, the axon appeared to arise directly from
      the soma and demonstrated in its initial 80-200 microns numerous spines and few
      varicosities, i.e. the morphological features of a dendrite. All axons coursed in
      a dorsomedial direction over the optic tract. At this point, most axons revealed
      smaller secondary processes 2-15 microns in length. Axons then turned ventrally
      towards the basal hypothalamus; some could be followed for up to 2100 microns
      from the cell somata. This approach to the light microscope morphology of
      supraoptic neurons provides a surprising array of detail on soma, dendrite and
      axon characteristics, while retaining the overall relationship between individual
      neurons and neighboring structures, including the boundaries of the nucleus
      itself.

PMID- 3703247
TI  - Analysis of cardiovascular effects of morphine in the cat.
AB  - In cats anaesthetized with chloralose, the effect of morphine on arterial blood
      pressure and heart rate was examined by injecting the drug through different
      routes. When injected into the cerebral ventricles, it acted on structures in the
      walls of the third ventricle and produced a naloxone resistant tachycardia
      through a sympathetic discharge to the heart. When injected into the cisterna
      magna or subcutaneously, it produced a naloxone sensitive long-lasting fall in
      blood pressure and bradycardia resulting from inhibition of sympathetic tone to
      blood vessels and heart; increased vagal tone played a minor role in the
      development of bradycardia. When injected intracisternally or subcutaneously,
      morphine acted near the obex at the dorsal surface of the medulla, because it
      produced the same circulatory effects but in much smaller doses when applied to
      this region on a piece of filter paper. Conversely, small doses of naloxone
      similarly applied abolished or prevented the circulatory effects of subcutaneous
      morphine. The action of morphine may be on the commissural nucleus of the tractus
      solitarius. Intravenous naloxone restored the circulatory effects of
      intracisternal and subcutaneous morphine and sometimes produced a pronounced
      overshoot, but without a preceding injection of morphine, naloxone had no effect
      on circulation. It is suggested that inhibition of sympathetic tone to the
      cardiovascular system by an action on structures near the obex is the mechanism
      by which morphine produces in man orthostatic hypotension and its beneficial
      effect in left ventricular failure.

PMID- 3703248
TI  - Coordination of arm muscles during flexion and supination: application of the
      tensor analysis approach.
AB  - In order to obtain a good understanding of the coordination of the motor system
      several problems have to be solved. Two major issues are: (1) that muscles do not
      form an orthogonal coordinate system, and (2) that the number of muscles that may
      contribute to a movement in general exceeds the number of degrees of freedom of
      the movement. The latter allows the movement to be executed by an infinite
      variety of muscle activations. A theoretical solution to these problems has been
      elaborated by Pellionisz and Llinas. However, convincing experimental support for
      this theory is still lacking. In this paper the theory has been applied to the
      activation of arm muscles which contribute to flexion/extension and
      supination/pronation of the arm. Motor unit activity was recorded with fine wire
      electrodes. As reported in previous papers, the recruitment threshold of motor
      units in arm muscles during isometric contraction depends on a combination of
      forces in flexion and supination directions. This dependence is characteristic
      for motor units in a single muscle, but is very different for motor units in
      different muscles. The theoretical results are in good agreement with the
      behavior of the recruitment threshold for flexion, which decreases (such as m.
      biceps brachii), or increases (such as for m. brachialis and m. brachioradialis)
      with force in supination direction. The theory also correctly predicts how the
      recruitment threshold for motor units changes as a function of the angle between
      forearm and upper arm. These results give firm support to the hypothesis that the
      central nervous system uses a tensorial approach for the activation of the motor
      system, as originally proposed by Pellionisz and Llinas.

PMID- 3703249
TI  - Histogenesis of the striopallidal system in the rat. Neurogenesis of its neurons.
AB  - This study discusses the histogenesis of the structures of the extrapyramidal
      system. The first part based on [3H]thymidine autoradiography provides data on
      the time of origin of the various neuronal populations that characterize
      different structures of the extrapyramidal system. Such data are essential to any
      further study dealing with the localization of the different sites of origin of
      the neurons along the ependymal matrix and with their migration during the
      histogenetic sequences leading to their definitive pattern of adult distribution.
      The neurons of globus pallidus and of the entopeduncular nucleus are generated on
      days 12-15 and days 11-14, respectively. A peak of neurogenesis occurs on day 12
      for the entopeduncular nucleus and on day 14 for the globus pallidus. In the
      pallidum, the first neurons to form on day 12 settle caudally, while neurons
      generated on day 15 settle in the rostral extremity. The genesis of the medium
      sized neurons of the neostriatum extends from day 12 to at least postnatal day 2.
      A peak is obvious on day 15. Although the neurogenesis of these neurons follows a
      mild caudorostral gradient, a more careful examination reveals four different
      patterns of settlement according to the area involved and the period of
      gestation. At the level of the caudal neostriatum, the neurons display a clear
      mediolateral spatiotemporal gradient. More rostrally, the neurons generated on
      days 13, 14 and 15 show two patterns of settlement. On the one hand, many neurons
      settle rather densely along the external capsule on day 13, occupying more
      rostral levels on days 14 and 15. On the other hand, in the body of the
      neostriatum, clusters of isochronically generated neurons are obvious. Later,
      newly generated neurons display a rather homogeneous distribution in the
      structure. A parallel is drawn between these patterns of development and the
      patterns of distribution of afferent terminals or neurotransmitters. The large
      chromophilic neurons of the neostriatum appear exclusively during the early
      period. Two peaks of neurogenesis are apparent. The one on day 13 comprises
      neurons that settle caudally. It is contemporaneous to the neurogenesis of the
      adjacent basal nucleus. The second peak occurs on day 15 and corresponds to that
      of the medium-sized neurons.

PMID- 3703250
TI  - Histogenesis at the level of the basal forebrain: the entopeduncular nucleus.
AB  - This study shows that the neurons of the entopeduncular nucleus are derived from
      a longitudinal slab of isochronically generated neurons on day 11 and 15 h of
      gestation. Many neurons of this longitudinal slab which we have named the basal
      forebrain cell column, originate from an ependymal matrix closely associated with
      the ventral diencephalic sulcus and later become associated with the basal
      forebrain bundle. Other neurons also originate from the ependymal matrix at the
      site of emergence of the optic recess and keep close relationships with the optic
      chiasma through the following stages of development to form the retrochiasmatic
      nucleus. During the second half of day 12 of gestation, the mantle layer of the
      forebrain shows an early zone of differentiation along its ventrolateral aspect.
      At this stage, the basal forebrain cell column extends unbroken from the
      tuberculum posterius to the chiasmatic plate primordium (site of generation of
      the retrochiasmatic nucleus). At the level of the caudal aspect of the optic
      stalk however, the basal forebrain cell column divides in two limbs associated to
      the ventral and dorsal edges of the optic stalk as it emerges from the forebrain.
      On day 14 of gestation, the neurons of the dorsal limb of the basal forebrain
      cell column occupy the mantle layer of the neural tube at least as far rostrally
      as the ventricular elevation in front of the optic stalk in the floor of the
      foramen of Monro. The neurons derived from the basal forebrain cell column begin
      breaking up into a series of more definite nuclei at later stages of development.
      The main finding of this study is the disclosure of the fact that the
      entopeduncular nucleus as well as other cell groups as dissimilar as the lateral
      preoptic area, the central, medial and anterior cortical amygdaloid complex and
      neurons of the dorsal hypothalamic area appear to be embryologically related, as
      they are all derived from a common longitudinal slab of the matrix of the
      forebrain.

PMID- 3703251
TI  - Dissociation of crossed and uncrossed nigrostriatal projections with respect to
      site of origin in the rat.
AB  - In the present study we have investigated the relative rostrocaudal position of
      the neurons in the substantia nigra, which project to the ipsilateral or
      contralateral neostriatum. The retrograde tract tracer horseradish peroxidase was
      implanted into the striatum on one side. The substantia nigra, ventral tegmental
      area and retrorubral area ipsilateral and contralateral to the site of
      implantation were examined for labeled cells. The distributions of the cells
      which give rise to the crossed and uncrossed nigrostriatal projections were found
      to be inverse. More labeled cells were found in the rostral than the caudal part
      of the substantia nigra ipsilateral to the site of horseradish peroxidase
      implantation. In contrast, there was a greater likelihood of finding labeled
      cells in the middle and caudal parts of the contralateral substantia nigra than
      in the rostral part. Sparse projections from the ipsilateral and contralateral
      retrorubral area and ventral tegmental area were also found.

PMID- 3703252
TI  - Interruption of projections from the medial geniculate body to an archi
      neostriatal field disrupts the classical conditioning of emotional responses to
      acoustic stimuli.
AB  - We have previously found that the coupling of changes in autonomic activity and
      emotional behavior to acoustic stimuli through classical fear conditioning
      survives bilateral ablation of auditory cortex but is disrupted by bilateral
      lesions of the medial geniculate nucleus or inferior colliculus in rats. Auditory
      fear conditioning thus appears to be mediated by the relay of acoustic input from
      the medial geniculate nucleus to subcortical rather than cortical targets. Since
      the medial geniculate nucleus projects, in addition to auditory cortex, to a
      striatal field, involving portions of the posterior neostriatum and underlying
      archistriatum (amygdala), we have sought to determine whether interruption of
      connections linking the medial geniculate nucleus to this subcortical field also
      disrupts conditioning. The conditioned emotional response model studied included
      the measurement of increases in mean arterial pressure and heart rate and the
      suppression of exploratory activity and drinking by the acoustic conditioned
      stimulus following delayed classical conditioning, where the footshock
      unconditioned stimulus appeared at the end of the conditioned stimulus. The peak
      increase in arterial pressure and the duration of activity and drinking
      suppression were greater in unoperated animals subjected to delayed conditioning
      than in pseudoconditioned controls, where the footshock was randomly rather than
      systematically related to the acoustic stimulus. Increases in heart rate,
      however, did not differ in conditioned and pseudoconditioned groups. While the
      arterial pressure and behavioral responses therefore reflect associative
      conditioning, the heart rate response does not. Rats were prepared with bilateral
      lesions of the medial geniculate nucleus, bilateral lesions of the striatal field
      or asymmetrical unilateral lesions destroying the medial geniculate nucleus on
      one side and the striatal field on the contralateral side. The latter preparation
      leaves one medial geniculate nucleus and one striatal field intact but
      disconnected and thus produces a selective auditory deafferentation of the intact
      striatal field. Control groups included animals with unilateral lesion of the
      medial geniculate nucleus, with unilateral lesion of the medial geniculate
      nucleus combined with lesion of the ipsilateral striatal field, unilateral lesion
      of the medial geniculate combined with lesion of the contralateral anterior
      neostriatum (a striatal area outside of the medial geniculate nucleus projection
      field).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3703253
TI  - A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the distributions of cells in the
      spinal cord and spinomedullary junction projecting to the thalamus of the rat.
AB  - Horseradish peroxidase retrograde transport has been used to locate and make a
      quantitative study of neurons of the rat spinal cord which project to the
      thalamus. Across the grey, labelled cells were found in the head and neck of the
      dorsal horn (in three locations, but not the substantia gelatinosa); in the
      region of the internal basilar nucleus of Ramon y Cajal; in the intermediate grey
      zone; in the lateral cervical nucleus and funiculus; and in the ventral horn. The
      latter contains the largest population of neurons projecting ipsilaterally. The
      most significant finding concerns the craniocaudal distribution of the cells.
      More than 50% of the thalamically projecting neurons are confined to the upper
      four cervical segments, where every population is represented. Some populations
      are continuous with thalamically projecting populations in the lower medulla. The
      cervical enlargement contains less than 5% of spinothalamic cells. The lumbar
      enlargement contains 33%, most of which are in the region of the internal basilar
      nucleus. This population is also marked in the upper cervical segments. Thus, in
      the rat, the origin of the spinothalamic tract is distributed along the cord in a
      very uneven manner. This may indicate that sensory information delivered to any
      one segment of the spinal cord by a primary afferent is not always relayed direct
      to the thalamus by a local second order neuron; that different parts of the body
      are not represented to the same extent in the spinothalamic system; or that these
      two factors combine to produce the observed distribution.

PMID- 3703254
TI  - Transneuronal changes in the myenteric ganglia of the monkey following vagotomy.
AB  - This study describes the ultrastructural changes in the myenteric ganglia at the
      gastro-oesophageal junction of the monkey (Macaca fascicularis) after unilateral
      cervical vagotomy. Degenerating vagal fibres occurred within the ganglia and they
      represented only a small fraction of the endings present. The most striking
      finding at days 1-3 after vagotomy, was that some dendrites of myenteric neurons
      had a distinctly increased electron density which ranged from a moderate
      darkening of the cytoplasm to an almost complete blackening of the profile. This
      regressive change was widespread; however, apparently, it did not affect more
      than one dendrite in any neuron. Darkened dendrites were no longer found at 5-7
      days after vagotomy, and they were not present in control ganglia. It is
      concluded that the degeneration of vagal endings is accompanied by transneuronal
      regressive changes that are very rapid in onset, are short lasting and possibly
      fully reversible, and affect only one dendrite of the neuron. It is suggested
      that the process observed represents a novel form of transneuronal influence.

PMID- 3703255
TI  - Effects of dopamine and its agonists and antagonists on the receptive field
      properties of ganglion cells in the rabbit retina.
AB  - We investigated the effects of dopamine and its agonists and antagonists on the
      receptive field properties of ganglion cells in the isolated eyecup preparation
      of the rabbit. In general, dopamine (20-250 microM) reduced the overall
      sensitivity of ganglion cells to light stimuli while increasing the spontaneous
      activity of off-center cells and decreasing the spontaneous activity of on-center
      cells and on-off directionally selective cells. Neither(-)-apomorphine (8-82
      microM) nor the selective D-2 agonist LY 141865 (7-85 microM) mimicked the
      effects of exogenous dopamine. Instead, both drugs altered the responses of
      ganglion cells in a manner similar to that of the selective D-1 antagonist SCH
      23390. The latter at 4-41 microM: (1) selectively reduced the antagonistic
      surround responses of off-center cells; (2) changed the sustained excitatory
      responses of on-center sustained cells to spots of light into sustained
      inhibitory responses; (3) selectively reduced the leading edge responses of on
      off directionally selective cells to moving light stimuli, and (4) decreased the
      spontaneous activity of off-center cells while increasing the spontaneous
      activity of on-center cells. The effects of the selective D-2 antagonist S
      sulpiride (37-116 microM) on the responses of on-center cells resembled those of
      exogenous dopamine, while for off-center cells the effects of S-sulpiride were
      similar to those of (-)-apomorphine and LY 141865. Results were compared with
      those obtained previously with dopamine antagonists haloperidol, fluphenazine and
      cis-flupenthixol on ganglion cell responses in the intact rabbit eye. These three
      drugs were clearly acting at D-1 receptors. The present findings support a
      physiological role for D-2 receptors in visual processing in the rabbit retina,
      in particular the hypothesis that endogenous dopamine release is modulated by
      inhibitory D-2 autoreceptors. They also suggest that one function of dopaminergic
      neurons may be to modulate the sensitivity of ganglion cells to light stimuli.

PMID- 3703256
TI  - Ultrastructural demonstration of nonsynaptic release sites in the central nervous
      system of the snail Lymnaea stagnalis, the insect Periplaneta americana, and the
      rat.
AB  - Release of neuronal secretory products by exocytosis was studied
      ultrastructurally in the central nervous systems of three different species (the
      snail Lymnaea stagnalis, the cockroach Periplaneta americana and the rat).
      Tissues were fixed with: (1) a mixture of glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide,
      (2) the tannic acid-glutaraldehyde-osmium tetroxide (TAGO) method, and (3) the
      tannic acid-Ringer incubation (TARI) method. Especially after TARI-treatment,
      release of the contents of the secretory vesicles by exocytosis could be clearly
      demonstrated in: (1) synapses, (2) neurohaemal axon terminals (L. stagnalis), and
      (3) neuronal processes without morphological synaptic specializations
      (nonsynaptic release sites). Release from nonsynaptic release sites occurs in
      most cases over a large area of the plasma membrane of a neuronal process facing
      several neural elements. On the basis of the differences in morphology of the
      secretory vesicles at nonsynaptic release sites, it is proposed that various
      types of (peptidic) messenger are released from such sites. In some neurones of
      L. stagnalis nonsynaptic release sites have been found together with synapses, or
      with neurohaemal axon terminals (caudodorsal cells, light green cells and light
      yellow cells). The possibility that nonsynaptic release sites represent the
      morphological correlates of nonsynaptic communication in the central nervous
      system has been discussed.

PMID- 3703257
TI  - Survival of children with brain tumors: SEER Program, 1973-1980.
AB  - Eight hundred eighty-seven children with brain tumors were identified by the SEER
      registries (1973-1980). Twenty-five percent were low-grade supratentorial
      astrocytomas, medulloblastomas were 23%, cerebellar astrocytomas 12%, high-grade
      supratentorial astrocytomas 11%, brainstem gliomas 9%, and ependymomas 8%. The
      worst survivals were in children less than 2 years of age, and the best were in
      those aged 10 to 14 years. Five-year survivals of children with cerebellar
      astrocytomas were 91%, low-grade supratentorial astrocytomas 71%, high-grade
      supratentorial astrocytomas 35%, medulloblastomas 39%, ependymomas 28%, and
      brainstem gliomas 18%.

PMID- 3703258
TI  - Prognostic factors in brainstem gliomas.
AB  - Although brainstem gliomas carry the worst prognosis of any brain tumor in
      children, with median survivals of 9 to 12 months, there may be a subgroup of
      long-term survivors. We have identified 12 children with brainstem gliomas, 5 of
      whom have survived greater than 6 years and 6 less than or equal to 12 months.
      Another child, alive and well 3 years following diagnosis, was considered in the
      long-term survivor group. Favorable prognostic factors included
      neurofibromatosis, symptoms greater than or equal to 12 months before diagnosis,
      calcification on CT, exophytic location, and pathology suggesting a low-grade
      tumor. Recognition that certain patients with brainstem gliomas may have
      prolonged survivals even in the absence of definitive treatment must be taken
      into consideration when new treatment regimens are being formulated.

PMID- 3703259
TI  - The lateralizing significance of versive head and eye movements during epileptic
      seizures.
AB  - We studied 37 patients who had head and eye turning during 74 spontaneous
      epileptic seizures. Videotapes and EEGs were analyzed independently. Turning
      movements were classified without knowledge of EEG or clinical data as either
      versive (unquestionably forced and involuntary, resulting in sustained unnatural
      positioning) or nonversive (mild, unsustained, wandering, or seemingly
      voluntary). Videotape observations were then correlated with the EEG location of
      seizure onset. Contralateral versive head and eye movements occurred during 61
      seizures in 27 patients, but ipsilateral versive movements did not occur.
      Nonversive lateral head and eye movements occurred ipsilaterally and
      contralaterally with equal frequency and were nonlocalizing, but versive movement
      was a reliable lateralizing sign.

PMID- 3703260
TI  - Myasthenia gravis: monoclonal antihuman acetylcholine receptor antibodies used to
      analyze antibody specificities and responses to treatment.
AB  - We investigated the heterogeneity of serum antibodies to acetylcholine receptor
      (AChR) by competition with nine antihuman monoclonal antibodies in a cross
      sectional study of 36 patients with myasthenia gravis (MG), and in three who
      showed clinical improvement associated with decrease in total anti-AChR following
      immunologic treatment. Two specificities were more prevalent in patients without
      thymoma, an done of these was more prevalent in cases beginning before age 40.
      Some specificities were stable during serial studies, whereas other fluctuated.
      We found evidence of three groups of antibody specificities that had different
      control mechanisms and may define different regions of the receptor.

PMID- 3703261
TI  - The treatment of passively transferred experimental myasthenia with anti
      idiotypic antibodies.
AB  - Experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) was induced in chickens by
      passive transfer of a monoclonal antibody (mcAb) specific for the cholinergic
      binding site of the acetylcholine receptor (AChR). Specific anti-idiotypes raised
      in rabbits against this antisite mcAb (5.5) were demonstrated to prevent the
      induction of EAMG by a subsequent injection of mcAb 5.5. Also, administration of
      anti-idiotypes against mcAb 5.5 to chickens in which EAMG has been induced by
      mcAb 5.5 led to a recovery from myasthenic symptoms. These results suggest that
      passive transfer of the appropriate anti-idiotypes may have potential in the
      regulation of myasthenia.

PMID- 3703262
TI  - Normal tactile threshold in monkeys with neglect.
AB  - To learn whether animals with parietotemporal lesions have sensory inattention or
      defective intention, we trained monkeys to respond with the contralateral limb to
      a threshold tactile stimulus. After parietotemporal lesions that induced neglect,
      the monkeys continued to respond normally to threshold stimuli on the side
      opposite the lesion (the neglected side), but made errors when stimulated on the
      normal side (ipsilateral to the lesion), often failing to use the contralateral
      extremity. On this learned task, there was no abnormality of sensory input or
      sensory attention. The problem was attributed to an impaired preparation to
      respond (intention).

PMID- 3703263
TI  - Relation between size of compound sensory or muscle action potentials, and length
      of nerve segment.
AB  - In 24 median nerves from 12 healthy subjects, antidromic digital sensory
      potentials progressively diminished in size, averaging 40.4, 37.0, 30.7, and 23.9
      microV X msec with stimulation at the palm, wrist, elbow, and axilla,
      respectively. In contrast, compound muscle action potentials changed minimally,
      measuring 19.4, 19.8, 19.0, and 18.2 mV X msec, respectively. Similar studies of
      the ulnar and radial nerves showed identical trends. Physiologic temporal
      dispersion can mimic conduction block of sensory nerves by summating the peaks of
      opposite polarity generated by fast- and slow-conducting axons. This type of
      cancellation affects muscle responses much less because motor unit potentials of
      longer duration superimpose nearly in phase, given the same latency shift as the
      sensory potentials.

PMID- 3703264
TI  - Electrical stimulation of Wernicke's area interferes with comprehension.
AB  - Arrays of subdural electrodes were placed over the lateral convexity of the
      dominant hemisphere for propositional language in four patients with epilepsy as
      part of an evaluation prior to cortical resections. Stimulation was performed
      over several days. When we stimulated the posterior temporal language area,
      reading and comprehension of complex verbal information were impaired, but
      comprehension of nonverbal and simple verbal data was not affected. Impairment
      produced by stimulation seemed to be due to language comprehension difficulties,
      rather than impaired praxis or initial word storage.

PMID- 3703265
TI  - Personality of patients with pseudoseizures.
AB  - We studied personality features of 19 patients with pseudoseizures (PS) only.
      Scores on a personality inventory (MMPI) were compared with those of adults with
      generalized seizures and correlated to cognitive measures (Halstead-Reitan). Mean
      MMPI scores did not differ significantly, and no profile distinguished PS and
      epilepsy patients. MMPI abnormalities of PS patients were diverse and seldom
      characteristic of hysteria. Eight PS patients had cognitive impairment, two
      without MMPI evidence of personality disorder. These findings suggest that the
      etiology of pseudoseizures is multifactorial, involving different
      psychopathologies and sometimes cerebral dysfunction.

PMID- 3703266
TI  - Lipoprotein disorder, cirrhosis, and olivopontocerebellar degeneration in two
      siblings.
AB  - Two siblings had olivopontocerebellar degeneration, failure to thrive, hepatic
      fatty change and cirrhosis, and a dyslipoproteinemia characterized by low
      cholesterol and elevated triglycerides. This condition was distinct from other
      cerebellar atrophies and ataxias and was not due to malabsorption or
      malnutrition. Cerebellar degeneration progressed rapidly during the first year of
      life, and both children died from intercurrent infections and surgical
      complications at 11 and 17 months. Stereotyped clinical and pathologic findings
      in the two patients suggest a previously unreported genetic metabolic disorder
      affecting the liver and the CNS.

PMID- 3703267
TI  - Adynamia episodica and paralysis periodica paramyotonica.
AB  - We studied hyperkalemic attacks in one family with adynamia episodica (AE) and
      one family with paralysis periodica paramyotonica (PPP). Under exercise, serum
      potassium increased as in healthy subjects. Thiazide did not affect this
      increase. Thirty minutes after exercise, a second potassium increase occurred,
      but could be prevented by thiazide and not by mexiletine. After cooling, muscle
      relaxation time was normal in AE but increased up to 100 times in PPP; this
      cooling effect was prevented by mexiletine. Although hyperkalemic attacks are
      similar in AE and in PPP, the membrane defect in PPP seems more complex.

PMID- 3703268
TI  - Autosomal dominant osteosclerosis associated with familial spinal canal stenosis.
AB  - We studied a family with autosomal dominant osteosclerosis associated with
      familial spinal canal stenosis. The propositus, a 44-year-old Japanese woman, had
      a 9-month history of occipitalgia and left tinnitus, and also had a 2-month
      history of pain and numbness of the right upper limb. Radiographic skeletal
      survey showed osteosclerotic changes in the neurocranium, diaphysis of the long
      bone, mandible, shoulder, clavicle, and ribs. Serum alkaline phosphatase was
      normal, and no periosteal excrescences were seen. The inheritance pattern was
      autosomal dominant. The propositus and her daughter, both with severe
      osteosclerosis, showed spinal canal stenosis, but her son, whose osteosclerosis
      was moderate, did not. This is the first report of autosomal dominant
      osteosclerosis associated with familial spinal canal stenosis.

PMID- 3703269
TI  - Myosin light chains and muscle pathology.
AB  - We evaluated the isoform composition of heavy and light chains of myosin in
      single muscle fibers from patients with Duchenne dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy,
      or polymyositis. In all myopathic muscles, there was an increase in the
      proportion of intermediate fibers which, by analysis of myosin isoforms, fell
      into two subpopulations, one that contained both fast and slow myosin and another
      that contained myosin molecular hybrids. The increased proportion of intermediate
      (or transitional) fibers suggests changes in the equilibrium between fast and
      slow motor units. These changes could result from regeneration and subsequent
      maturation of fibers or from direct transformation of mature fibers of one type
      into the opposite.

PMID- 3703270
TI  - Neurologic sequelae of chronic solvent vapor abuse.
AB  - Neurologic abnormalities were seen in 13 of 20 patients with a history of chronic
      solvent vapor (primarily toluene) abuse for 2 or more years. The patients were
      evaluated after an abstinence period of at least 4 weeks, to avoid neurologic
      effects of acute intoxication. Neurologic signs included cognitive (60%),
      pyramidal (50%), cerebellar (45%), and brainstem/cranial nerve (25%) findings.
      Eight of nine CTs revealed diffuse atrophy of cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum,
      and brainstem. BAERs were abnormal in three of four patients, and EEG
      abnormalities were seen in three of seven patients. Chronic exposure to solvent
      vapor may cause persistent neurologic impairment.

PMID- 3703271
TI  - Editorial on multiple sclerosis treatments.

PMID- 3703272
TI  - Mesencephalic hemorrhages: clinical and computed tomographic correlations.
AB  - We reviewed the clinical and CT findings in six patients with mesencephalic
      hematomas. All patients were normotensive. Headache and vomiting preceded
      impairment of consciousness. In all patients, unequal pupils reacted poorly to
      light but retained the near response. Upgaze was impaired in all patients. CT
      showed a unilateral nonenhancing midbrain hematoma in all cases and
      intraventricular blood in five. Four-vessel angiography in all cases showed no
      neoplasm, angioma, or aneurysm. All patients survived with persistent pupillary
      abnormalities and restriction of upward gaze.

PMID- 3703273
TI  - Cerebral vasculitis and ulcerative colitis.
AB  - We describe morphologically documented necrotizing cerebral vasculitis in a young
      man with ulcerative colitis. This case supports the evolving concept that
      ulcerative colitis may be accompanied by systemic vasculitis. The cerebral
      vasculitis was treated successfully with immunosuppressive therapy.

PMID- 3703274
TI  - Childhood dermatomyositis in monozygotic twins.
AB  - Identical twins who developed childhood dermatomyositis 2 weeks apart following
      upper respiratory infections are reported. Observations suggest that genetic
      influence on host susceptibility may play a role in childhood dermatomyositis and
      that a combination of host and environmental factors is most likely necessary to
      produce the disease.

PMID- 3703275
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid findings in healthy siblings of multiple sclerosis patients.
AB  - We studied six families in which two or more siblings were affected by MS. CSF
      analysis was available on 37 subjects: 9 with MS and 28 healthy siblings. Five of
      28 healthy siblings (17.8%) had abnormal CSF immunoglobulins. These findings
      affect family studies of MS.

PMID- 3703276
TI  - Prednisone-induced worsening of neuromuscular function in myasthenia gravis.
AB  - In patients with myasthenia gravis who received single doses of prednisone orally
      (40 to 100 mg), we found acute inhibition of neuromuscular function as manifest
      by increased decremental responses to repetitive nerve stimulation, reduced
      twitch tension, and lowered maximum voluntary contraction strength. The time
      course of these changes correlated with plasma methylprednisolone levels,
      implying direct drug effects on neuromuscular function.

PMID- 3703277
TI  - Migraine with tardy pleocytosis.

PMID- 3703278
TI  - Two visual systems in mental imagery.

PMID- 3703279
TI  - Neuropathy after pyridoxine or toxic contaminants.

PMID- 3703280
TI  - Levodopa pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in fluctuating parkinsonian
      patients.
AB  - We investigated levodopa intravenous infusion rates, plasma concentrations, and
      clinical responses in 23 parkinsonian patients with a fluctuating response to the
      drug. There was a linear relationship between rate of levodopa infusion and
      plasma concentration when carbidopa was coadministered. Minimum-therapeutically
      effective plasma concentrations of levodopa ranged from 3 to 12 nmol/ml. The
      duration, but not the magnitude, of clinical response was linearly related to
      plasma concentrations. The clinical response lagged behind the rise and fall of
      plasma levodopa. There was no evidence of idiosyncratic pharmacokinetic or
      pharmacodynamic responses to levodopa to explain the fluctuating response.

PMID- 3703281
TI  - Neurologic complications of carcinoid.
AB  - We reviewed the records of all patients treated for carcinoid tumors at Memorial
      Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center from 1974 through 1984. Of 219 patients, 90
      developed metastatic complications, and of these, 36 developed neurologic
      complications. Metastases, the most common neurologic complication, included
      epidural spinal cord compression (14 patients), intracranial metastases (13
      patients), leptomeningeal metastases (1 patient), and peripheral nerve lesions (5
      patients). Nonmetastatic complications were hepatic encephalopathy (six
      patients), herpes zoster infection (two patients), cerebral infarction due to
      septic emboli (one patient), superior sagittal sinus thrombosis (one patient),
      and carcinoid myopathy (one patient). The carcinoid syndrome was seen in eight
      patients (4%). Response of neurologic metastases to conventional radiation
      therapy was usually favorable. We conclude that (1) the frequency and type of
      neurologic complications associated with carcinoid tumors are similar to those
      seen with other systemic cancers; (2) CNS metastases are relatively common in
      patients with metastatic carcinoid (29%); and (3) the carcinoid syndrome is less
      common than CNS metastasis.

PMID- 3703283
TI  - Clinical correlates of abnormal P14 in median SEPs.
AB  - Recording median somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) from scalp and neck in
      separate channels with the use of an ear reference, 52 patients had abnormal
      scalp-recorded P14 associated with normal cervical-recorded N13. The patients had
      multiple sclerosis or other brainstem or high cervical cord lesions. Evidence of
      brainstem lesions was found in 35 patients on clinical examination or by
      brainstem auditory evoked potentials or blink reflex. Abnormalities of P14 were
      correlated highly with brainstem dysfunction, but high cervical cord lesions
      could not be excluded by this finding. The localizing value of SEP is improved by
      measuring the N13 and P14 peaks separately and assessing the cervical cord
      brainstem conduction time.

PMID- 3703282
TI  - Tetrahydrobiopterin in dystonia: identification of abnormal metabolism and
      therapeutic trials.
AB  - The pteridine cofactor of tyrosine and tryptophan hydroxylases,
      tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), is concentrated in the striatum and other sites of
      brain monoamine synthesis and is a regulatory factor in the rate-limiting step of
      catecholamine synthesis. CSF content was decreased in eight patients with
      dystonic disorders (mean, 13.0 +/- 0.8 pmol/ml CSF compared with 20.6 +/- 1.4 in
      age-matched normals). We gave several trials of synthetic BH4 intravenously to 10
      dystonic patients with benefit for 2 subjects with diurnally fluctuating
      dystonia, 1 with hemidystonia and parkinsonism, and 1 with generalized torsion
      dystonia. The findings of biopterin abnormality and the observed clinical
      improvements may point to a role for the cofactor in the pathogenesis and,
      possibly, the treatment of some forms of primary dystonia.

PMID- 3703284
TI  - Very long-chain fatty acids in erythrocyte membrane sphingomyelin: detection of
      ALD hemizygotes and heterozygotes.
AB  - We used mass fragmentography to analyze a very long-chain fatty acid composition
      of erythrocyte membrane sphingomyelin. The content of hexacosanoic acid (C26:0),
      tetracosanoic acid (C24:0) and docosanoic acid (C22:0) in adrenoleukodystrophy
      (ALD) hemizygotes and heterozygotes was significantly higher than in controls.
      Although the ratio of C26:0 to C22:0 in 18 of the 46 controls was in the range of
      ALD heterozygotes, the absolute content of C26:0 and C24:0 in controls did not
      overlap with ALD hemizygotes or heterozygotes. The content of C26:0 and C24:0 is
      more reliable for detection of ALD hemizygotes and heterozygotes than the ratio
      of C26:0 to C22:0 when red cell sphingomyelin is used for diagnosis.

PMID- 3703285
TI  - Abnormal sensory evoked potentials in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
AB  - We have reviewed sensory evoked potential (EP) findings in 17 patients with
      amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Somatosensory EPs were abnormal in 7 of 16
      patients after lower-extremity stimulation and in 2 of 16 patients after upper
      extremity stimulation. Brainstem auditory EP abnormalities were found in 2 of 12
      patients. No abnormalities were noted on pattern reversal visual EPs in 12
      patients. Overall, 47% of all ALS patients studied had at least one EP
      abnormality. EP evidence of CNS sensory dysfunction in ALS is more frequent than
      that noted clinically or pathologically and offers further support to previous
      observations of sensory system involvement in ALS.

PMID- 3703286
TI  - How many neurologists?

PMID- 3703287
TI  - Far-field potentials from peripheral nerve: generated at sites of muscle mass
      change.
AB  - Using a forearm-sternal referential recording montage, three peripheral nerve far
      field potentials, P4, P7, and P9, were elicited by median nerve stimulation. The
      latencies correlated with the distances between the stimulating cathode at the
      wrist and the proximal forearm, mid-upper arm, and the shoulder, respectively. At
      these sites, the electrophysical characteristics of the surrounding volume
      conductor suddenly changes. Altered girth of muscle mass seemed to be a factor.

PMID- 3703288
TI  - Epileptic aphasia.
AB  - We document a case of isolated epileptic aphasia with clear correlation between
      episodic clinical and electrographic events. This disorder is rarely recognized,
      perhaps because it is obscured by ictal motor activity or speech arrest, or by
      the lack of clinical manifestations if the seizure occurs when the patient is not
      attempting to speak.

PMID- 3703289
TI  - Hyperkinetic mutism: bilateral ballism and basal ganglia calcification.
AB  - We studied a 70-year-old woman with a unique combination of hyperkinesia and
      mutism. These findings differed from akinetic mutism because there was continuous
      bilateral ballism and dystonia--hence the term "hyperkinetic mutism." CT
      demonstrated bilateral calcifications in the basal ganglia, and MRI indicated
      bilateral watershed infarcts. Different dopaminergic mechanisms may underlie the
      hyperkinesia and mutism.

PMID- 3703290
TI  - Multiple sclerosis: magnetic resonance imaging, evoked responses, and spinal
      fluid electrophoresis.
AB  - Magnetic resonance images (MRI), evoked responses (ER), and CSF findings were
      compared in 39 patients with possible, probable, or definite MS. MRI disclosed
      multiple lesions (72%) more often than ERs (55%) in the total group of patients.
      In possible MS, MRI showed multiple lesions in 71%, and ER abnormalities were
      found in 41%. MRI is the preferred test for patients with suspected MS, but ERs
      are useful when MRI is normal and in the evaluation of optic nerve or spinal cord
      lesions.

PMID- 3703291
TI  - A prevalence survey of 'incapacitating headache' in the People's Republic of
      China.
AB  - Two Chinese populations over age 15 were surveyed as to the point prevalence of
      "incapacitating" headaches in an urban population of 1,525 persons and a rural
      one of 1,203. Personal interviews were carried out by a team of instructed
      interviewers; there was 100% cooperation. In both populations, prevalence in
      women was twice that in men except in the urban population in the youngest age
      group. Prevalence in the urban was almost exactly twice that of the rural
      population, with the highest figure occurring in traders.

PMID- 3703292
TI  - Asymptomatic children with epilepsy: little benefit from screening for
      anticonvulsant-induced liver, blood, or renal damage.
AB  - In a prospective study of 199 asymptomatic children receiving anticonvulsant
      drugs, we evaluated routine screening for liver, renal, and hematologic toxicity.
      Urinalysis, CBC, differential, platelets, SGOT, bilirubin, and alkaline
      phosphatase (plus amylase and fibrinogen in patients taking valproate) were
      obtained between 0 and 24 months. Compliance was excellent. Urine was always
      normal. Six percent of patients had transient minor abnormalities of blood
      studies necessitating rechecks. All were normal on repeat. Two children had major
      blood abnormalities recognized, leading to drug changes that proved to have been
      unnecessary. Baseline determinations and prompt attention to symptoms of toxicity
      should replace routine screening of blood and urine.

PMID- 3703293
TI  - Posttraumatic seesaw nystagmus abolished by ethanol ingestion.
AB  - We describe a patient who was left with a midchiasmal injury and bitemporal
      hemianopia after head trauma. Four months later, she developed typical seesaw
      nystagmus and moderate hydrocephalus. Lumbar punctures did not affect the
      nystagmus, but a temporary cessation was documented after ingestion of ethanol.

PMID- 3703294
TI  - The neurologic manifestations of fat embolism.
AB  - We reviewed the clinical features of 12 patients with fat embolism seen in 10
      years. Based on neurologic manifestations, patients were grouped into those with
      focal cerebral syndromes and those with diffuse encephalopathy. Patients with
      focal signs tended to present earlier with neurologic findings alone, did not
      have fever, and had less risk of pulmonary disorder than patients with
      encephalopathy.

PMID- 3703295
TI  - Guillain-Barre syndrome with ophthalmoplegia: clinicopathologic study of the
      central and peripheral nervous systems, including the oculomotor nerves.
AB  - The neuropathologic findings are described in a fatal case of Guillain-Barre
      syndrome with ophthalmoplegia. Demyelination was found in the oculomotor nerves,
      which were dissected to the terminal branches in the ocular muscles, and in other
      peripheral nerves. The CNS was intact except for occasional chromatolytic lesions
      in some motor nerves.

PMID- 3703296
TI  - Acute cerebellar hemorrhage and CT evidence of tight posterior fossa.
AB  - We studied 14 patients with cerebellar hemorrhage and a tight posterior fossa,
      defined by the following CT criteria: effacement of the basal cisterns and
      ventricular enlargement consistent with obstructive hydrocephalus. In 10
      patients, the fourth ventricle was not seen; in 4, it was enlarged and filled
      with blood. Six patients died before surgery, and eight were treated surgically.
      Six patients with cerebellar hemorrhage but no CT evidence of a tight posterior
      fossa survived without surgery.

PMID- 3703297
TI  - Asymptomatic tight stenosis of the internal carotid artery: long-term prognosis.
AB  - We followed 38 patients with a neck bruit due to symptomless internal carotid
      artery (ICA) stenosis greater than 90% for a mean period of 48 months. The annual
      rate of death or stroke was 7.2%. The cardiac death rate was 5.3% per year. Each
      year 1.7% of the patients had an unheralded ipsilateral infarct; after transient
      ischemic attacks, the proportion increased to 4.2%, and symptoms correlated with
      occlusion of the ICA. The low risk of unheralded ipsilateral infarct questions
      the usefulness of prophylactic endarterectomy. Diagnosis and treatment of risk
      factors and heart disease seem more important.

PMID- 3703298
TI  - Multimodal agnosia after unilateral left hemisphere lesion.
AB  - Agnosia is an abnormality of recognition that is not explained by sensory or
      cognitive disorders. We studied a patient who had combined visual-tactile agnosia
      without prosopagnosia after a left hemisphere infarct. Although he copied figures
      presented visually and he performed intramodal or crossmodal visual-tactile
      matches, he could not indicate recognition by either sight or touch. The lesion
      involved areas of the occipital and temporal lobes that may be important for
      human performance of tasks that require construction and application of meaning
      to percepts presented both visually and tactually.

PMID- 3703299
TI  - Jactatio nocturna after head injury.
AB  - Nocturnal head banging or body rocking often occurs in childhood in relation to
      sleep, and is generally considered a developmental or behavioral disorder. A few
      cases of jactatio nocturna have been considered manifestations of sleep disorder,
      and an analogy to somnambulism and pavor nocturnus has been suggested. We
      observed episodes of jactatio nocturna in a patient with global encephalopathy
      and frontal lobe dysfunction after closed head injury, and successfully treated
      these with imipramine. Sleep disorders are increasingly recognized after head
      injury; jactatio nocturna must be differentiated from post-traumatic seizures,
      and may represent partial or defective arousal during light non-REM sleep,
      analogous to the parasomnias of deeper sleep and possibly representing
      dysfunction of frontal arousal mechanisms.

PMID- 3703300
TI  - Normal fibroblast mitochondrial malic enzyme activity in Friedreich's ataxia.
AB  - Mitochondrial and cytoplasmic malic isoenzymes were assayed fluorometrically in
      digitonin-fractionated fibroblasts from three patients with Friedreich's ataxia
      (FA). Normal activity was found, failing to verify an earlier report of reduced
      fibroblast mitochondrial malic enzyme activity in FA. The previously reported
      disturbance in fibroblast mitochondrial malic enzyme may be an epiphenomenon in
      patients with the FA phenotype. Further studies are necessary to define the
      primary genetic defect in this inherited disorder.

PMID- 3703301
TI  - Fatal metabolic acidosis, hyperglycemia, and coma after steroid therapy for
      Kearns-Sayre syndrome.
AB  - Two adolescent boys with Kearns-Sayre syndrome (progressive external
      ophthalmoplegia, heart block, elevated CSF protein, and ragged-red muscle fibers)
      developed lethargy, increasing somnolence, polydipsia, polyphagia, and polyuria
      after a brief course of steroid therapy. Both had hyperglycemia and acidosis.
      Nonketotic, lactic acidosis was present in one and ketosis in the other. Severe
      respiratory failure developed, and both patients died. Postmortem revealed fatty
      infiltration of the pancreas in addition to a diffuse spongiform encephalopathy.

PMID- 3703302
TI  - Plasma exchange and prednisone in GBS: evaluating efficacy.

PMID- 3703303
TI  - Epileptic gaze deviation and nystagmus.

PMID- 3703304
TI  - Time course of a single oral dose of propranolol in essential tremor.

PMID- 3703305
TI  - [Effect of d-tubocurarine on the lower esophageal sphincter. Intraoperative
      electromanometric study].

PMID- 3703306
TI  - [Can Billroth II gastric resection associated with non-functioning of the
      anastomotic segment prevent the gastric pathology caused by reflux? Our
      experience in 108 cases].

PMID- 3703307
TI  - [Our experience in the surgical treatment of biliary lithiasis with special
      reference to calculosis of the choledochus and associated papillary diseases].

PMID- 3703308
TI  - [Cholecystectomy and carcinoma of the colon. Retrospective study].

PMID- 3703309
TI  - [Effect of imecromone and hyoscine N-butylbromide in endoscopic
      cholangiopancreatography].

PMID- 3703310
TI  - [Leiomyoma of the stomach. Our cases].

PMID- 3703311
TI  - [A rare example of a neoplastic polyp of the stomach: tubulo-villous adenoma].

PMID- 3703312
TI  - [Early cancer of the stomach].

PMID- 3703313
TI  - [Long-term survival after distal subtotal gastrectomy for cancer. Considerations
      on 335 cases].

PMID- 3703314
TI  - [Lipomatosis of the ileocecal valve].

PMID- 3703315
TI  - [Colo-rectal carcinomas. Findings in 506 cases].

PMID- 3703316
TI  - [Anastomosis dehiscence in surgery of the colon].

PMID- 3703317
TI  - [Gastric endoscopic polypectomy. Critical review of 42 cases].

PMID- 3703318
TI  - [Treatment with ranitidine in reflux esophagitis].

PMID- 3703319
TI  - [Telethermographic image in normal subjects and subjects with liver pathology].

PMID- 3703320
TI  - [Operative considerations on a broad case study of hepatic biopsies].

PMID- 3703321
TI  - [Possible therapeutic uses of lactulose other than in porto-systemic
      encephalopathy].

PMID- 3703323
TI  - [A case of alloalbuminemia (familial congenital bisalbuminemia) in a subject with
      hepatic cirrhosis].

PMID- 3703322
TI  - [Clinico-epidemiologic aspects of hepatic cirrhosis in Campania. Relevance of the
      compensated forms].

PMID- 3703324
TI  - [Ascaridiasis in a gastroresected patient: infrequent endoscopic finding.
      Presentation of a clinical case].

PMID- 3703325
TI  - [Gastroesophageal prolapse. Description of a special case].

PMID- 3703326
TI  - [Acquired double pylorus. Description of a clinical case].

PMID- 3703327
TI  - [Clinical decision analysis].

PMID- 3703328
TI  - [Indications for surgical intervention in patients with pulmonary cancer.
      Observations on 714 cases].
AB  - Selection modes for surgery were studied in a group of lung cancer patients.
      Selection is based: on the certain diagnosis of the disease, its histological
      classification and stage respiratory function tests and the assessment of any
      surgical indications. A total of 714 lung cancer cases were examined. Of these,
      28.4% were at stage 1, 19.8% at stage 2 and 51.8% at stage 3. Only 141 patients
      or 19.8% of all cases examined were judged fit for radical exeresis. In the
      absence of metastasis all three stages of epidermoid carcinomas and
      adenocarcinomas were judged operable. In the case of microcytomas indication to
      surgery was limited to very few cases and only those in the first two stages. In
      the presence of metastasis to the hilar lymph nodes, surgery was only indicated
      where the metastasis was small. Exeresis was also indicated in the presence of
      single metastases to mediastinal lymph nodes on the same side as the neoplasia
      especially if these were considered intranodal. The difficulty of precise
      assessment of metastases to the hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes even with the
      aid of modern techniques like CAT scanning and mediastinoscopy was also noted. In
      87 of 141 patients operated it was possible to check the result which was radical
      in 84 cases. In all, 19 pneumonectomies, 49 lobectomies and 16 bilobectomies were
      performed. The operative mortality rate was 3.4%. The various surgical
      indications were also examined in relation to the diverse clinical situations
      presented by lung cancers. In conclusion the modalities to be followed in order
      to enhance the value of radical resections in lung cancer are outlined. Above all
      diagnostic means must be refined to a point where the disease can be staged with
      maximum precision, patients for surgery must be selected with the utmost care and
      diagnosis must be as early as possible.

PMID- 3703329
TI  - [Use of citicoline in high dosages in acute cerebrovascular disease].
AB  - The use of large doses (1 g) of citicoline was experimented in 30 patients with
      acute cerebrovascular disturbances. The treatment proved effective in resolving
      both mental disturbances and the focal condition.

PMID- 3703330
TI  - [Distribution and prognostic value of CEA and TPA in cancer of the lung].
AB  - Serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and tissue polypeptide antigen
      (TPA) were investigated in 53 lung cancer patients. The higher percentage of
      patients with serum CEA positivity was observed within the anaplastic lung cancer
      group. TPA serum positivity was found in similar percentage in all the examined
      groups. Relationship between serum CEA positivity and/or serum TPA positivity and
      survival were then carried out.

PMID- 3703331
TI  - [Cancer of the gastric stump. Review of endoscopic case records].
AB  - An endoscopic series of 4610 patients examined for dyspeptic symptoms has been
      reviewed. The purpose was to verify the prevalence of gastric stump cancer. In
      266 patients previously gastrectomized for benign peptic ulcer, 10 cases of
      gastric carcinoma were found (3.61%) whereas in 4344 not previously
      gastrectomized patients 157 gastric carcinomas were diagnosed (3.75%). Among the
      10 patients affected from gastric stump carcinoma, 5 had been operated before,
      and 5 after, the age 45. The statistical comparison between the two groups showed
      a significant difference (p less than 0.02) as for the mean time intervals
      between surgical intervention and onset of gastric stump carcinoma, whereas the
      mean ages of onset of gastric stump carcinoma resulted substantially identical.
      We conclude that advanced age, rather than a previous gastrectomy, confers a
      major risk of gastric carcinoma.

PMID- 3703332
TI  - [Incomplete fundoplication in the treatment of pathological gastroesophageal
      reflux].

PMID- 3703333
TI  - [Problems of lymphatic spread in the surgical treatment of esophageal cancer].

PMID- 3703334
TI  - [Benign tumors of the esophagus: leiomyoma].

PMID- 3703335
TI  - [Usefulness of manometric study and pH measurement in the diagnosis of the
      achalasic megaesophagus and in the postoperative follow-up].

PMID- 3703336
TI  - [Combined long-term (24 hours) esophagogastric pH measurement in studying
      scleroderma patients].

PMID- 3703337
TI  - [Transmucosal gastroesophageal potential difference (PD) in Barrett's esophagus].

PMID- 3703338
TI  - [Recurrent calculi are more frequent than residual ones in reinterventions on the
      biliary tract for lithiasis].

PMID- 3703339
TI  - [Rapid dissolution of residual biliary calculi with tert-butyl methyl ether.
      Preliminary data].

PMID- 3703340
TI  - [Combination of monooctanoin and cicloxilic acid in treating secondary
      choledochal calculi. Preliminary data].

PMID- 3703341
TI  - [Value of CEA in the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer recurrence in the light
      of second-look results].

PMID- 3703342
TI  - [CEA and TPA in bladder carcinoma].

PMID- 3703343
TI  - [5-year results of a chemo-immunotherapeutic treatment in stage-I and -II
      malignant melanoma].

PMID- 3703345
TI  - [Early appearance of pigmented biliary calculi in a patient undergoing
      jejunoileal bypass for severe obesity].

PMID- 3703344
TI  - [Gastroplasty and jejunoileal bypass in the surgical treatment of severe
      obesity].

PMID- 3703346
TI  - [Blood amino acid values in the terminal phase of irreversible liver failure in a
      female patient undergoing termino-lateral jejunoileal bypass for severe obesity.
      The diagnostic and prognostic implications].

PMID- 3703347
TI  - [Preoperative instrumental diagnosis of papillitis].

PMID- 3703348
TI  - [Current surgical trends in the therapy of hepatic echinococcosis. Our
      experience].

PMID- 3703349
TI  - [Surgical therapy of chronic pancreatitis. An evaluation of our experience].

PMID- 3703350
TI  - [Nonparasitic cysts of the spleen].

PMID- 3703351
TI  - [Hemorrhage from an ulcer of the posterior duodenal wall].

PMID- 3703352
TI  - [Pranotherapy. Reality or fantasy].

PMID- 3703353
TI  - [Criminal law and pranotherappy].

PMID- 3703354
TI  - [Histological examination of tissue dehydrated by pranotherapy].

PMID- 3703355
TI  - [Instrumental angiological findings on the skin of a pranotherapist and of
      volunteer subjects during pranotherapy].

PMID- 3703356
TI  - [Pranotherapy and the telethermographic findings].

PMID- 3703357
TI  - [Effects of pranic exposure on Tenebrio molitor larvae].

PMID- 3703358
TI  - [Culture from peritoneal drainage as an indicator of active infection].
AB  - The present retrospective study reports the results of a survey conducted on 130
      patients given elective abdominal and urinary surgery together with the
      cultivation of routine intraperitoneal drainage material. The parameters
      considered were the type of pathology, the condition of the wound, any
      serohaematic material drained, the presence and duration of postoperative
      temperature increases and pre and post-operative leukocytosis levels. These
      parameters were considered in relation to the positive or negative results of the
      cultural examination. The aim was to demonstrate that routine drainage causes no
      appreciable infective or mechanical complications.

PMID- 3703359
TI  - [The role of the urinary hydroxyproline level in the screening for collagen
      diseases].
AB  - Modifications in urinary hydroxyproline concentrations were studied in various
      collagen degradation diseases. A significant increase in hydroxyprolinuria was
      found in both men and women with Paget's disease in all age groups considered.
      Significant increases were found in men with the same pathologies. Rheumatoid
      arthritis also increased urinary hydroxyproline in both males and females. It
      therefore seems that bone tissue pathologies are reflected in the metabolism of
      hydroxyproline as are articular connective tissue pathology strictly related to
      it.

PMID- 3703360
TI  - [Tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) as a tumor marker in disorders of the digestive
      tract: comparison with CEA].
AB  - TPA and CEA were both assayed in a population of 352 diseases of the
      gastroenteric tract and control subjects. The results show that TPA though
      sensitive has no predictive value or specificity comparable to CEA. However
      should specific tumour markers prove negative TPA may be an extremely useful aid
      in monitoring patients with gastrointestinal neoplasias.

PMID- 3703361
TI  - [Statistical study of 428 Piedmont residents suffering from bronchial asthma of
      allergic etiology].
AB  - This 6-year (1979-1984) study was conducted on subjects with allergic bronchial
      asthma diagnosed by scarification skin tests. The skin tests identified 428
      subjects with bronchial asthmatic symptoms including 228 females and 220 males
      (females/males = 1.04). In the 6-15 age range there was a clear predominance of
      males over females (42 against 24 or males/females = 1.75). At the time of
      testing, 309 subjects (72.2%) were in the 6-35 age range. In terms of symptoms,
      61 subjects (14.2%) presented bronchial asthma alone. The most common combination
      of symptoms encountered was asthma-rhinitis-conjunctivitis found in 317 subjects
      (74.1%). Symptoms were seasonal in 305 patients (71.3%) while 123 (28.7%)
      presented asthmatic symptoms throughout the year. 382 patients (89.25%) presented
      pollen allergy with grass pollen accounting for the highest percentage (328
      subjects or 76.6%). 46 subjects (10.7%) were allergic to tree pollen and 103
      (24.1%) to flower pollen. 197 patients (46%) were allergic to permanent inhalants
      (domestic inhalants, epithelia, mycophytes) with Dermatophagoides Farineae
      accounting for the largest number (33.4%). 55 subjects (12.9%) were sensitive to
      at least one of the epithelia tested while mycophyte sensitivity was negligible
      (10 subjects or 2.3%).

PMID- 3703362
TI  - [Allergy to insect venoms. Study of a population of apiculturists].
AB  - The results of a study conducted on a group of local beekeepers are presented.
      Total IgE and specific IgE for bee and wasp venom were assayed and these data
      correlated with anamnestic details obtained by means of a questionnaire.

PMID- 3703363
TI  - [Cytogenetic aspects of habitual abortion].

PMID- 3703364
TI  - [Infertility in "normal" couples. Occurrence, characteristics and prognosis].

PMID- 3703365
TI  - [Histo-cytologic study on the development of moderate cervical dysplasia
      (cervical intraepithelial neoplasm 2) followed in 267 cases].

PMID- 3703366
TI  - [Post-cesarean hysterectomy. Clinico-statistical considerations].

PMID- 3703367
TI  - [Asymptomatic appendectomy in gynecology].

PMID- 3703368
TI  - [Antibacterial activity of meclocycline (Mecloderm) in non-specific vaginitis.
      Study of 262 cases].

PMID- 3703369
TI  - [Microsurgery in the treatment of female mechanical infertility].

PMID- 3703370
TI  - [Transmission electron microscopy study of the thrombogenicity of arterial
      microanastomoses].

PMID- 3703371
TI  - [The arterial patch in venous microanastomosis. Experimental study].

PMID- 3703372
TI  - [Use of the laser in termino-terminal microanastomosis of the uterine horn in
      rats].

PMID- 3703373
TI  - [Tubo-ovarian histofunctional study in the rabbit after bilateral isthmus tubal
      sterilization and subsequent reanastomosis].

PMID- 3703374
TI  - [Experimental microsurgery of the fetus].

PMID- 3703375
TI  - Postnatal development of vasopressin mRNA content in supraoptic and
      paraventricular nucleus of the Wistar rat.
AB  - Levels of mRNA coding the vasopressin precursor (VP mRNA) were determined in the
      supraoptic and paraventricular nucleus during the first month of postnatal
      development of the Wistar rat by solution hybridization assay and Northern blot
      analysis. The supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei showed a marked increase in
      VP mRNA to adult levels during that period. These results indicate an
      upregulation of vasopressin gene expression in supraoptic and paraventricular
      nuclei after birth, a period in which vasopressin starts to become involved in
      kidney function.

PMID- 3703376
TI  - Cortical and tectal afferent terminals in the suprageniculate nucleus of the cat.
AB  - The suprageniculate nucleus (Sg) of the cat was observed electron microscopically
      after wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) injection into the
      anterior ectosylvian visual cortical area (AEV) and superior colliculus (SC).
      Small axon terminals filled with round synaptic (RS) vesicles were labeled with
      HRP injected into the AEV and SC, whereas large axon terminals containing round
      synaptic (RL) vesicles were labeled after HRP injection in the SC. After
      producing a lesion in the AEV and adjoining orbito-insular cortex and injecting
      WGA-HRP into the SC, degenerated terminals and HRP-labeled RS terminals were
      occasionally found to make synaptic contacts with a single dendritic profile of
      Sg neurons.

PMID- 3703377
TI  - Rat adrenal chromaffin cells become sensitive to alpha-latrotoxin when cultured
      in vitro: the effect of nerve growth factor.
AB  - Previous studies showed that in the intact rat chromaffin cells are insensitive
      to the presynaptic stimulatory toxin, alpha-latrotoxin (alpha-LTx). In contrast,
      primary cultures of rat adrenal chromaffin cells respond to alpha-LTx by
      releasing stored catecholamines. The toxin-induced response was greater in
      cultures from young (8-10-day-old) than adult (40-50-day-old) animals, and
      increased when the time of culturing was prolonged from 4 to 20 days. Even
      greater responses were observed in cells cultured in the presence of nerve growth
      factor, a treatment which induces a neuronal-like phenotype. Acquisition of
      sensitivity to alpha-LTx appears to be an early marker of chromaffin cell
      commitment to differentiate towards a neuron.

PMID- 3703378
TI  - Heterogeneity of glial membranes in the rat olfactory system as revealed by
      freeze-fracturing.
AB  - The membranes of glial cells in the adult rat olfactory system were investigated
      by freeze-fracture. The astroglia-related glial cells in the olfactory nerve are
      interconnected by gap and tight junctions. Their membranes are free of orthogonal
      arrays of particles (OAP) which are generally believed to be reliable markers of
      astrocytes within the central nervous system. Likewise, the membranes of the
      superficial glial cells in the olfactory bulb which ensheath the olfactory fiber
      bundles lack OAP. In contrast, the astrocytes in the olfactory bulb reveal OAP.
      The results are discussed with regard to the role of glial membrane architecture
      in the process of central fiber regeneration.

PMID- 3703379
TI  - Inhibitory influence of monoamines and brainstem monoaminergic regions on the
      medullary swallowing reflex.
AB  - Swallowing is a polysynaptic reflex organized by a neuronal network localized
      mainly within the lateral region of the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS).
      Monoamine microinjections (serotonin, noradrenaline; 1 nmol, 50 nl) within the
      swallowing region of the NTS produced a significant decrease in the number of
      swallows elicited by repetitive stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve.
      Stimulation, with concentric bipolar electrodes, of several brainstem structures
      overlapping monoaminergic regions such as the nucleus raphe magnus, the nucleus
      raphe pallidus, the lemniscus medialis, the ventrolateral reticular formation,
      the locus coeruleus and the nucleus commissuralis, induced an inhibition of the
      laryngeal-initiated swallowing. These results indicate the existence, within the
      NTS, of a monoaminergic inhibition of the swallowing reflex which might originate
      from monoaminergic brainstem regions.

PMID- 3703380
TI  - The effects of intracerebroventricular administration of compound 48/80 on
      behaviour and regional brain amine concentrations in the rat.
AB  - The intracerebroventricular injection of the mast cell degranulator, compound
      48/80 (C48/80, 10 micrograms/kg), produced a marked behavioural syndrome in rats
      which included head and body shakes, paw tremor, excessive grooming, unusual
      posture and gait, mild diarrhoea, piloerection, extreme agitation and
      irritability to touch, sedation and catatonia. Fifteen minutes after C48/80, the
      histamine concentrations were decreased significantly in all brain regions
      examined, i.e. the cortex, cerebellum, midbrain, medulla oblongata-pons (MO-P)
      and hypothalamus. The noradrenaline (NA) concentrations were decreased in the
      cerebellum, hypothalamus and MO-P, whereas the dopamine (DA) content was
      decreased in the MO-P only. The concentrations of serotonin were not affected. As
      such, the behaviours following the acute degranulation of brain mast cells by
      C48/80 may result predominantly from the release of histamine and possibly NA and
      DA.

PMID- 3703381
TI  - Postnatal changes of the number and lobular distribution of acid phosphatase
      positive and lipid granule-containing cells in the cerebellum of
      hyperbilirubinemic Gunn rats.
AB  - Developing homozygous (jj) and heterozygous (j+) Gunn rat cerebella were examined
      histologically from postnatal days 5 to 60. Sagittal sections of the cerebellar
      vermis of jj rats revealed that the anterior and medial lobes were significantly
      smaller in area than in j+ rats on and after postnatal day 10. However, the
      nodulus did not display significant differences in jj rats. Two classes of acid
      phosphatase (ACPase)-positive cells (L cells and S cells), and lipid granule
      containing S cells were recognized exclusively in the jj rat cerebellum during
      the postnatal period studied. S cells, which are probably microglia, had an oval
      dark nucleus and contained many lysosomes, some of which contained lipid
      droplets. They appeared in all the lobules except the nodulus on day 5 and
      reached maximum in incidence by day 15. They were distributed all over the
      cerebellar layers including the white matter. Lipid granule-containing S cells
      appeared on postnatal day 10 and were most abundant in severely affected lobules,
      such as the declive and tuber, on day 30. Purkinje cells of jj rats showed
      vacuolation in their cytoplasm on and after postnatal day 5. After 20 days of
      life, the number of Purkinje cells in anterior- and medius-lobus were markedly
      decreased. Some severely damaged Purkinje cells became L cells with an extremely
      high ACPase activity. They appeared initially on postnatal day 15 and increased
      in number until day 30. No L cells were observed in the nodulus. These show that
      the severely damaged Purkinje cells and ACPase-positive and lipid granule
      containing microglia cells are most abundant in the late- and intermediate
      maturing regions of the vermis. Since they are either rare or absent in any
      earlier-maturing region, the nodulus, these data suggest toxic effects of
      bilirubin in the cerebellum are closely related to the ontogenic development of
      the individual cerebellar lobules.

PMID- 3703382
TI  - Electron microscopic study of mossy fiber endings in the hippocampal formation of
      rats after picrotoxin administration.
AB  - The hippocampal mossy fiber endings of rats were examined with electron
      microscopy, following the administration of picrotoxin. In the control group,
      many small round clear vesicles (40-60 nm in diameter) filled the nerve endings.
      Further, it was noted that large dense-core vesicles (80-100 nm in diameter) in
      small numbers were scattered among these small clear vesicles. After
      administration of picrotoxin, the large dense-core vesicles increased in number
      and accumulated next to the presynaptic membrane. These vesicles were often fused
      to the presynaptic membrane, in the form of omega-shaped profiles.

PMID- 3703383
TI  - The presence of extraganglionic fluorescent neurons in the myenteric plexus of
      the guinea pig small intestine.
AB  - Fluorescent histochemical observations of the small intestine of the guinea pig
      demonstrated that single fluorescent cell bodies, separate from the ganglia, were
      present in the myenteric plexus. These cell bodies gave rise to single processes
      which entered the ganglia or the interganglionic strands. They were of a very
      small size, and the intensity of their fluorescence increased by pretreatment
      with L-DOPA and nialamide. Interruption of extrinsic nerve pathways to the small
      intestine caused a disappearance of the meshwork of fluorescent fibers in the
      myenteric plexus; but in some areas a fluorescent fiber which supplied its
      terminal to the ganglion was seen to remain. A photograph taken from the
      denervated myenteric plexus revealed that a long process arising from an
      extraganglionic cell entered the ganglion and ramified into terminal branches.

PMID- 3703385
TI  - The nutritional re-emergence of starchy foods. The Eleventh Marabou Symposium.

PMID- 3703386
TI  - The future of carbohydrates in human nutrition.

PMID- 3703384
TI  - Responses of serotonergic and non-serotonergic neurons in the rat nucleus raphe
      magnus to systemic lysergic acid diethylamide.
AB  - Serotonergic and non-serotonergic neurons in the nucleus raphe magnus were
      identified by conduction velocities and spontaneous discharge rates. Eight of 13
      serotonergic neurons were depressed by lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
      administration (40-50 micrograms/kg, i.p. or i.v.), while the others were non
      responsive. Among 38 non-serotonergic neurons, 5 were depressed, 4 were excited
      and 29 were unaffected by systemic LSD at the same doses. It is thus concluded
      that LSD could act differently on serotonergic and non-serotonergic neurons in
      nucleus raphe magnus.

PMID- 3703387
TI  - Simple and complex carbohydrates.

PMID- 3703388
TI  - The role of carbohydrates in lower gut function.

PMID- 3703389
TI  - Carbohydrates: energetics and performance.

PMID- 3703390
TI  - Carbohydrates, plasma triglycerides, and coronary heart disease.

PMID- 3703391
TI  - Effect of dietary carbohydrate on the metabolism of patients with non-insulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3703392
TI  - Nutritional aspects and safety of modified food starches.

PMID- 3703393
TI  - Radiation risks.

PMID- 3703394
TI  - Jogging: cardiovascular benefits and risks.
AB  - The cardiovascular benefits and risks of jogging are frequently debated. This
      article presents information on the effects of jogging and other aerobic exercise
      on heart rate, cardiac output, tissue oxygen consumption and blood pressure. The
      indirect effects of jogging on cardiac risk factors, such as serum lipids, blood
      clotting and glucose metabolism, are discussed. Along with the positive outcomes
      from jogging, the risks to the cardiovascular system are presented. These risks
      include a sudden drop in blood pressure at the cessation of intense jogging,
      cardiac arrhythmias and ischemia. The primary care nurse practitioner can play an
      important role in prescribing a level of exercise that is safe and will enhance
      physical fitness, particularly cardiovascular fitness. Guidelines for prescribing
      an exercise program for a variety of patient populations are reviewed, and the
      need for exercise monitoring by the individual is stressed.

PMID- 3703395
TI  - Elder abuse screening and intervention.
AB  - Elder abuse and neglect are forms of family violence, a growing societal concern.
      Estimates suggest that 500,000 to 1.5 million cases of abuse and neglect occur
      annually in this country. This article describes the nurse practitioner's legal
      liability for reporting suspected cases of elder abuse and neglect. In addition,
      specific screening guidelines for this problem are outlined. Assessment
      parameters for evaluating suspected cases of elder abuse are described.

PMID- 3703396
TI  - Prenatal nursing assessment of the expectant family.
AB  - This article provides a guide for the nurse practitioner conducting a prenatal
      pediatric visit with expectant parents. With their backgrounds in biological and
      social sciences, nurse practitioners are uniquely prepared to assess families
      prenatally and to plan strategies and interventions which will promote their
      optimal adjustment to parenthood. Major content areas of the prenatal visit
      include health assessment of the pregnant woman and the family; assessment of the
      family; assessment of the readiness to parent; and assessment of the provider
      parent fit. Special focus is placed on the problems encountered and appropriate
      interventions indicated in assessing and working with high-risk families.

PMID- 3703397
TI  - Catherine Cassidy, R.N., Ph.D., N.P.: discovering the challenge of occupational
      health.

PMID- 3703398
TI  - Revolution in dosage forms.

PMID- 3703399
TI  - AIDS and employment issues.

PMID- 3703400
TI  - Obstetric and gynecologic operations in the United States, 1979 to 1984.
AB  - An in-depth analysis of numbers of obstetric and gynecologic operations from 1979
      to 1984 was performed using data from the National Center for Health Statistics.
      During the study period, there was a decrease in total numbers of obstetric and
      gynecologic procedures of 1%. During the same five-year period the numbers of
      physicians who label themselves as obstetrician-gynecologists increased 22%. In
      1983, a total of 809,000 cesarean sections were performed. It has become the most
      common hospital-based operation in this country. Twenty-one percent of all live
      births are now by cesarean section. The second most common obstetric and
      gynecologic operation is hysterectomy (673,000), and diagnostic dilation and
      curettage of uterus (632,000) third. These operations are also the second and
      third most common procedures performed in the United States. In 1983, obstetric
      and gynecologic operations represented 23% of all surgery completed in this
      country. These figures demonstrate the dynamics of obstetric and gynecologic
      surgical practice. They show that numbers of obstetric and gynecologic operations
      have decreased over the last five years, in spite of constantly increasing
      numbers of obstetrician-gynecologists. If current trends continue, future
      individual operative workloads, on average, will decrease with possible adverse
      effects on quality of obstetric-gynecologic surgical care.

PMID- 3703401
TI  - Declining surgical case-load of the obstetrician-gynecologist.
AB  - The National Hospital Discharge Survey indicates that rates of obstetric and
      gynecologic operations in the United States plateaued from 1979 to 1984, despite
      an increase in the number of obstetricians-gynecologists. Thus, the average
      surgical case-load of the obstetrician-gynecologist has declined. During this
      interval, rates of diagnostic dilation and curettage fell by nearly one-third,
      while rates of cesarean delivery and infertility operations continued to
      increase. As surgical case-loads decrease, obstetricians-gynecologists are likely
      to direct greater attention toward primary prevention, including prevention of
      cervical neoplasia, tubal infertility, unplanned pregnancy, and osteoporosis. In
      the years ahead, social gynecology may emerge as a discipline of equal stature as
      surgical gynecology in the United States.

PMID- 3703402
TI  - Value of routine dilation and curettage at the time of interval sterilization.
AB  - Four hundred thirty-four patients underwent tubal ligation at the Beth Israel
      Hospital during a 27-month period. In 272 cases (62.7%), a dilation and curettage
      was performed as a routine part of the tubal ligation procedure to ensure that
      luteal phase pregnancy, if present, would be interrupted. Pathology reports on
      the curettings from all diagnostic dilation and curettages were reviewed.
      Evidence of pregnancy was found in seven, but only two (0.8%) proved to be of
      recent nidation. This series demonstrates that routine dilation and curettage at
      the time of sterilization may not be cost effective or efficient. Hormonal
      pregnancy testing, combined with accurate menstrual history and timing the tubal
      sterilization to occur during the follicular phase, if possible, are proposed as
      alternatives to operative intervention.

PMID- 3703403
TI  - Diagnostic conization of the cervix: review of 460 consecutive cases.
AB  - During a five-year period, 460 patients underwent cervical conization on the
      Gynecology Service at Memorial Hospital. The pertinent medical history of the 393
      patients was reviewed as it related to the diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial
      neoplasia. All patients had repeat Papanicolaou smears and 94.4% had complete
      colposcopic examination using standard colposcopic procedures, endocervical
      curettage, and directed biopsies. For the purpose of this review, patients were
      separated into seven groups according to the primary and most significant
      indication for conization. The indications for the procedure and the
      histopathologic findings are discussed for each category. The usefulness of
      conization in the authors' institution varied according to the indication for
      which it was carried out. In this series of 393 patients, 18 patients (4.7%)
      initially diagnosed to have only intraepithelial disease, were found to have
      invasive carcinoma.

PMID- 3703404
TI  - Birth injury as the cause of mental retardation.
AB  - Mental retardation, on initial impression, may appear to be caused by the birth
      process, but may be disproved by later clinical or autopsy examination. However,
      information often is lacking as to the basic pathology that may have been
      responsible for attributing the cause of the mental retardation to traumatic
      birth. From a 39-year period (1944 to 1983) 1146 records were evaluated at a
      state hospital for mentally retarded persons to determine how the intake
      impression compared with the final clinical and autopsy diagnoses of perinatal
      damage. Clinical evaluations provided some corrections of the intake diagnoses;
      autopsies provided more, but a combination provided the most reliable final
      diagnoses. Of 258 patients diagnosed as birth injury on intake, only 49.2% were
      confirmed by the best clinical and/or autopsy diagnoses. Although the cause of
      mental retardation was not ascertainable by either clinical or autopsy studies in
      14.8% of cases, 31.4% were corrected to prenatal influences, and 4.6% to
      postnatal brain damage. Patients with perinatal cause of mental retardation
      usually were institutionalized at a young age and died young. If they do not
      require institutionalization until they are older, their life expectancy is
      longer, although still much less than that of normal persons.

PMID- 3703405
TI  - Early repair of an external sphincter ani muscle and rectal mucosal dehiscence.
AB  - Little information is available to assist in the management of a dehiscence
      subsequent to a fourth degree episiotomy repair. Delayed repair of the external
      sphincter ani muscle and rectal mucosa may result in weeks or months of
      disability and inconvenience for these women. A series of eight women is
      presented whose fourth degree episiotomy repair dehiscence was managed by early
      puerperal repair. The details of wound and bowel preparation, the operative
      technique, and postoperative care are described. Because all eight women had a
      successful repair, the authors believe that early surgical correction is an
      acceptable treatment for this puerperal complication.

PMID- 3703406
TI  - Oxytocin and prolactin responses associated with nipple stimulation contraction
      stress tests.
AB  - Levels of oxytocin in plasma of pregnant women in the third trimester undergoing
      nipple stimulation-contraction stress tests were found, by parametric (paired t
      test) statistical analysis to be elevated. No differences in the plasma increases
      in oxytocin levels were found between those patients undergoing successful and
      those undergoing unsuccessful nipple stimulation-contraction stress tests. No
      significant differences in plasma levels of prolactin were associated with nipple
      stimulation in these patients.

PMID- 3703408
TI  - Genetic counseling for teratogen exposure.
AB  - A consecutive series of 200 patients referred for genetic counseling after
      teratogen exposure was evaluated. One hundred four patients (52%) had exposure to
      more than one potentially teratogenic agent. One-third of the patients had a
      positive family history for genetic disease and 10% were of advanced maternal
      age. Genetic counseling was altered for the majority of patients when all risk
      factors (age, family history, and multiple teratogen exposure) were considered.
      Failure to evaluate all aspects of potential risk results in incomplete
      counseling. The majority of patients (97%) elected to continue their pregnancies
      after complete counseling. Three of five pregnancy terminations resulted from
      exposure to documented human teratogens. Precise risk assessment for the
      teratogen-exposed patient requires thorough genetic counseling to maximize
      successful pregnancy outcome.

PMID- 3703407
TI  - Fetal outcome with oligohydramnios in the second trimester.
AB  - Thirty-four cases of oligohydramnios in the second trimester were diagnosed by
      ultrasonography. Nine of these pregnancies were associated with fetal anomalies
      including Potter syndrome (three), atrioventricular dissociation (two),
      congenital absence of thyroid (one), and multiple anomalies (three). There were
      ten unexplained stillbirths, one demise due to abruptio placentae, eight with
      perinatal morbidity after premature labor or abruptio placentae, and six with
      live-born term infants. Although oligohydramnios in the second trimester is
      associated with increased perinatal morbidity, this finding is not associated
      with a universally poor outcome.

PMID- 3703409
TI  - Obstetric decision-making: responses to patients who request cesarean delivery.
AB  - The right of patients to be actively involved in treatment decisions is now
      widely accepted. A survey of 112 obstetricians was conducted to determine their
      responses to several cases in which a laboring woman asks for a cesarean section,
      even though the obstetrician has recommended a continued trial of labor/vaginal
      delivery. In 12 of the 19 cases there was substantial variation among respondents
      in the decision to agree with the patient. There was also no agreement, in many
      of these cases, on the presence or absence of a medical indication for abdominal
      delivery. The ethical aspects of this problem are explored.

PMID- 3703410
TI  - Electrical accidents during pregnancy.
AB  - Electrical accidents during pregnancy are relatively infrequent, and reports are
      rare. Six pregnant women who suffered an electrical injury during pregnancy are
      presented here. For all, the current path through the body was from hand to foot.
      Changes that occurred in fetal movements and development as well as the outcome
      of the pregnancies, are presented. After delivery, the placenta and cord were
      carefully examined in all cases. From an analysis of the published cases and the
      present findings, it seems that there are no specific clinical and pathological
      signs of fetoplacental damage. Medical examination, shortly after the accident,
      may reveal a dead fetus. However, when it is found alive, oligohydramnios or
      growth retardation may develop later, and a close follow-up seems advisable.
      Pregnant women should be warned to notify their attending physician in all cases
      of electrical shock, no matter how apparently minor.

PMID- 3703411
TI  - Severe obstetric complications after aggressive treatment of Asherman syndrome.
AB  - Thirty-three cases of Asherman syndrome from Yale-New Haven Hospital are
      presented. Restoration of menses occurred in 91% of patients with pregnancy
      resulting in 79% of all treated patients. Spontaneous abortion occurred in only
      one patient (4%), whereas viable pregnancies resulted 96% of the time. Severe
      obstetric complications excluding premature labor occurred in three cases (12%)
      and included placenta increta, uterine sacculation, and a paper-thin uterine
      fundus (ie, uterine dehiscence). These cases are discussed to reinforce
      considering treated patients with Asherman syndrome to be a high-risk obstetric
      population, and to counsel and manage these patients accordingly.

PMID- 3703412
TI  - Diet, blood pressure, and hematologic variables of nulliparous women attending a
      prenatal clinic.
AB  - Diet, hematology, and blood pressures of 1800 black and white nulliparous women
      were surveyed at a prenatal clinic. Although black women had higher blood
      pressure and lower hemoglobin and hematocrit means that white women, no racial
      differences were found for prevalence of anemia or hypertension. White women
      reported less adequate intakes of protein/iron and vitamins B and C compared with
      black women. No associations between dietary intake and anemia or hypertension
      were found in univariate analysis. Failure to find racial differences in
      prevalence of hypertension and anemia may reflect improvements in the dietary
      supplementation and health care available to lower socioeconomic, black women in
      the last decade.

PMID- 3703413
TI  - Worker training, preparation essential in respirator fit testing.

PMID- 3703414
TI  - Treating chemical skin burns varies between acids and alkalies.

PMID- 3703415
TI  - Adequate planning prevents heat stress at asbestos abatement site.

PMID- 3703416
TI  - Failure to comply with industry standards can spell negligence.

PMID- 3703417
TI  - Proper fire extinguisher selection cuts, costs, prevents excess damage.

PMID- 3703418
TI  - Emission characterization enhances control of exposure.

PMID- 3703419
TI  - As AIDS hysteria spreads, so does need for cool-headed education.

PMID- 3703420
TI  - Consistent, accurate data needed for preparing the MSDS.

PMID- 3703421
TI  - Complying with right-to-know is a state versus federal problem.

PMID- 3703422
TI  - Product liability lawsuits result from incomplete warnings on labels.

PMID- 3703423
TI  - EtO requires special precautions according to a fetotoxicity study.

PMID- 3703424
TI  - OCAW objects to random drug testing.

PMID- 3703425
TI  - Common sense measures ensure profitable abatement.

PMID- 3703427
TI  - Complete CPR training is an important objective at the worksite.

PMID- 3703426
TI  - Spirometer use helps detect lung disease in time for treatment.

PMID- 3703428
TI  - With a little innovation, health promotion need not be costly.

PMID- 3703429
TI  - Someplace to go.

PMID- 3703430
TI  - Allied professionals: flexing their muscles.

PMID- 3703431
TI  - Rebuilding Camelot. The story of the Commission on Interprofessional Education.

PMID- 3703432
TI  - Hypertension in the geriatric patient: rationale for drug selection.

PMID- 3703433
TI  - Generics--is the price too high?

PMID- 3703434
TI  - Physicians Insurance Company of Ohio.

PMID- 3703435
TI  - Ophthalmologists provide eye care for elderly in nationwide project.

PMID- 3703436
TI  - Patient's informed consent.

PMID- 3703437
TI  - [Organization of the detection and treatment of ocular pathology in preschool
      children under the annual outpatient care in Moscow].

PMID- 3703438
TI  - [Methodology for performing mass prophylactic eye examinations in preschool
      institutions].

PMID- 3703439
TI  - [Prophylactic work experience in protecting the vision of preschool children in
      Donetsk Province].

PMID- 3703440
TI  - [Dispensary care results with young children at risk for strabismus and
      amblyopia].

PMID- 3703441
TI  - [Experience with ophthalmological outpatient care of nursery-aged children].

PMID- 3703442
TI  - [Our experience in conducting prophylactic examinations of the preschool
      population in Rovno Province].

PMID- 3703443
TI  - [Visual acuity of children and adolescents living under different ecological
      conditions].

PMID- 3703444
TI  - [Research on the AC/A ratio (accommodative convergence/accommodation)].

PMID- 3703445
TI  - [Classification of heterophoria in children].

PMID- 3703446
TI  - [Combined treatment of children with disbinocular amblyopia using chromatic
      objects].

PMID- 3703447
TI  - [Sympathetic reaction against a background of complicating factors in the post
      traumatic period].

PMID- 3703448
TI  - [Etiology, clinical forms and outcome of optic nerve diseases].

PMID- 3703449
TI  - [Circulating immune complexes in the blood of diabetics with diabetic
      retinopathies].

PMID- 3703450
TI  - [Objective method for the quantitative evaluation of the chromaticity of the
      optic disk].

PMID- 3703451
TI  - [Organization and methodology of prophylactic ophthalmological examinations for
      children].

PMID- 3703452
TI  - [Apilac in the treatment of traumatic lesions of the cornea].

PMID- 3703453
TI  - [Epithelial and stromal dehydrogenases of the human cornea in severe herpetic
      keratitis].

PMID- 3703454
TI  - [Method of enucleation with the formation of a mobile base for the prosthesis].

PMID- 3703455
TI  - [Modified alloscleroplasty].

PMID- 3703456
TI  - [Potential use of the gustatory tear test].

PMID- 3703457
TI  - [Methodological approaches to the prognosis of myopia in children].

PMID- 3703458
TI  - Managing minimal residual malignant disease.
AB  - So-called complete remission of acute leukemia and other tumors frequently leaves
      minimal residual disease cells, sometimes causing an inflammatory response and
      often relapse. Although the remaining cells often have long generation times or
      may even be in G0 condition, they may form a new tumor mass. This can be
      explained by cell kinetics alone, or by an escape from immunologic or other
      control mechanisms, or by a new promoting event. Maintenance chemotherapy beyond
      the first 6 months seemed only to have an effect where induction chemotherapy was
      weak and palliative, but not since it has become intensive and sometimes
      curative: it only increases the relapse incubation time, not the survival.
      Relapse cells may be refractory to cytostatics previously not given, in part
      because of alternative metabolic pathways or enzyme induction, in part because of
      tumor cell progression, and any chemotherapy seems to be able to play a
      significant role in this progression. The result is a relatively high residual
      tumor mass and a short duration of rare second remissions. Adjuvant
      immunotherapy, despite controversies about its results, seems to work in some
      tumors, but the statistical methods applied and the monitoring have been
      criticized. The strategy proposed for potentially 'curable' tumors (leukemias,
      lymphomas, embryomas) with short cell generation times is therefore intensive
      remission induction aiming at the smallest possible residual disease cell number.
      It is conceivable that this induction might mean accepting risks comparable to
      those accepted for transplant patients. Manipulation of the bioimmunological
      response can be effective even against cells in the G0 phase. New methods are
      proposed to manage residual disease of solid tumors with long generation times,
      and only maintenance chemotherapy active on cells with a long generation time is
      suggested.

PMID- 3703459
TI  - Circulating immune complexes in malignant melanoma: serial studies in 130
      patients.
AB  - We evaluated the ability of repeated measurements of circulating immune complexes
      (CIC) to predict for tumor recurrence in 130 patients with malignant melanoma.
      Twenty-two patients had level 2, 45 had level 3, and 51 had level 4/5, stage I
      disease in remission at the start of monitoring, while 12 had stage II disease.
      The polyethylene glycol precipitation assay was used for serial studies, based on
      an initial comparative evaluation with the Clq-binding and Raji assays. The study
      averaged 22 +/- 11 months (6-43 months) and an average of 22 +/- 5.3 assays were
      performed per patient (range 3-36), with a follow-up of 4 years. CIC were present
      in sera in recurrent, irregular 'bursts' of activity. Serial measurements doubled
      the incidence of CIC compared to single determinations. Only 23% of these bursts
      of activity were clearly related temporarily to documented recurrences, while 34%
      occurred with treatment events such as surgery or immunotherapy, and 42% occurred
      without correlation to either recurrence or treatment. CIC activity was greater
      and more closely related to recurrence in high-risk stage I (level 4,5) and stage
      II patients. Whether analyzed as positive sera or as bursts of elevated CIC
      activity, CIC assays predicted for recurrence at the 5% significance level. The
      assay was highly sensitive (97%), but with poor specificity (21%) with many false
      positives (79%). The assay was helpful at ruling out recurrences (95%), but poor
      at ruling them in (29%). The advantage was seen only in high-risk stage I and II
      patients, and there was no advantage to serial assays over random single
      determinations. Although generally, CIC in the sera of melanoma patients were
      found to predict for recurrence, the use of serial CIC measures monitoring of
      individual patients cannot be recommended.

PMID- 3703460
TI  - Evaluation of carcinoembryonic antigen levels in gastric juice, stomach mucosa
      and plasma in high-risk and gastric cancer patients.
AB  - The aim of this study is to compare the levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
      in the gastric juice, stomach mucosa and plasma of gastrectomy patients at risk
      of developing cancer with those in normal controls and gastric cancer subjects.
      Blood samples, gastric juices and biopsy material were taken from 52 patients (8
      normal, 10 gastric carcinomas, 24 gastroresected according to Billroth II and 10
      according to Billroth I). No significant correlation was found between age, sex
      or smoking habits and CEA levels in plasma, gastric juice or stomach mucosa. A
      significant correlation between CEA levels in gastric secretion and those in
      tissue emerged from out data (n = 52; r = 0.67; p less than 0.01). A minor
      correlation was found between tissue and plasma CEA values (r = 0.34; p less than
      0.05). The mean levels of CEA in plasma did not show significant differences
      between controls and neoplastic risk subjects. The average level of CEA in
      gastric secretions and in tissue were significantly lower in normal controls than
      in neoplastic and gastroresected patients; in this latter group, we have observed
      a correlation between the severity of the histological lesions and the levels of
      CEA in the biopsy specimens; no correlation was found with the type of operation
      (Billroth I or Billroth II). The level of CEA in gastric juices and in biopsy
      material, therefore, appears to be more useful than in plasma in recognizing
      cancer risk subjects.

PMID- 3703461
TI  - Changes in peripheral lymphocyte subsets during radiotherapy for lung cancer
      patients.
AB  - In order to better understand the immunologic effects of irradiation, blood
      levels of lymphocyte subsets were sequentially monitored in 37 patients before
      and during irradiation treatment for lung cancer. During irradiation, the
      peripheral blood levels of each T cell subgroup, OKT3-reactive (OKT3+), OKT4+,
      OKT8+ and OKT11+ lymphocytes showed similar radiosensitivity. No selective
      depletion of either OKT4+ or OKT8+ lymphocytes was seen. The levels of OKT6+ and
      OKT9+ lymphocytes were different depending on the case. At the end of
      irradiation, the percent of lymphocytes bearing the OKT10 antigen increased
      significantly. As to OKM1+ and OKIa1+ lymphocytes, the levels were almost
      consistent but showed a rather big standard deviation.

PMID- 3703463
TI  - Chemotherapy-induced malignancies in rats after treatment with cisplatin as
      single agent and in combination: preliminary results.
AB  - 6 groups of 24-50 BD IX rats, each, were treated with cis
      diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP)-(II) alone or in combination chemotherapy. The
      animals were either bearing transplanted adenocarcinomas of the stomach or large
      bowel, or were treated without having any tumors, to study the long-term
      consequences of the chemotherapy. CDDP was given within 3 weeks either as 9 X 1
      mg/kg body weight, or 9 X 2 mg/kg. Autopsy findings revealed fibrosarcomas of the
      kidneys and/or leukemias in each of the six groups, while the 77 animals of the
      control group, which did not receive chemotherapeutic agents, did not show any
      malignancies in postmortem examinations. In one group of rats, which received
      CDDP in combination with 1-methyl-1-nitroso-urea (MNU), 50% of the animals that
      survived chemotherapy for more than 100 days died of malignancies, mainly of
      fibrosarcomas of the kidneys and leukemias. In another group, 24% of the animals,
      which survived more than 100 days after chemotherapy with CDDP alone, had
      developed myeloic leukemias. We therefore may presume that a carcinogenic risk in
      cancer chemotherapy with CDDP is also present in humans.

PMID- 3703462
TI  - Acute leukemia after treatment for ovarian cancer. Report of four cases and
      review of the literature.
AB  - Four cases of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) following ovarian cancer are
      reported. All patients received alkylating agents and had a preleukemic phase.
      Seventy-nine additional cases of ANLL following therapy found in the literature
      are also reviewed. All but 2 patients received alkylating or alkylating-related
      agents alone or in combination. Mean duration of chemotherapy was 31.4 +/- 19.4
      months. Eighty-eight percent of the patients presented with preleukemia with a
      mean duration of 10 +/- 10 months. Mean interval between cancer and ANLL was 57.3
      +/- 26 months. Cytogenetic abnormalities were found in 71% among patients who had
      a karyotype. Long-term alkylating agent therapy seems to have a significant role
      in the development of ANLL and should be avoided in ovarian cancer.

PMID- 3703464
TI  - Failure to boost the increased clearance of embolic tumor cells from the lung
      with dose scheduling: Corynebacterium parvum studies.
AB  - Initial suboptimal, optimal and supraoptimal doses of intraperitoneal
      corynebacterium parvum were followed by 'booster' doses injected
      intraperitoneally 5, 10 and 25 days later. Mice were challenged intravenously 4-6
      days after the booster doses with [125I]IUrd-labeled B16 tumor cells and the
      extent of clearance of these cells from the lungs analyzed 4 h later. In a second
      experiment, mice were given booster doses of C. parvum on days 4, 7 and 10 and
      then challenged on day 14 with labeled B16 tumor cells. In each experiment, the
      peak response, in the form of tumor cell clearance, to C. parvum occurred between
      day 5 and day 10. In no instance was a peak response to any of the initial
      injections of C. parvum increased by a booster dose. Instead, in some instances,
      the peak response was abrogated. By day 25 but not day 10, it was possible to
      restore the response to its peak level with a second optimal dose of C. parvum,
      but not to increase it.

PMID- 3703465
TI  - Three alkaloids as selective destroyers of cancer cells in mice. Synergy with
      classic anticancer drugs.
AB  - Alstonine, serpentine and sempervirine, when used at appropriate concentrations
      cure a relatively important proportion of BALB/C mice inoculated with
      transplantable YC8 lymphoma ascites cells, as well as Swiss mice bearing Ehrlich
      ascites carcinoma cells. The development of some solid tumors was only partially
      prevented. However, when one alkaloid was administered in association with either
      5-FU, daunorubicin, 1-(2-chloroethyl) nitrosourea (CCNU) or cyclophosphamide (CP)
      to mice bearing either ascites carcinoma cells or solid tumors, a high rate of
      cure was obtained without toxicity. The role of the three alkaloids in the curing
      of mice and prevention of carcinogenesis is discussed.

PMID- 3703466
TI  - Electron microscopic study of the parathyroid gland of the gecko, Gekko
      japonicus, in the spring and summer season.

PMID- 3703467
TI  - The ascending pharyngeal artery of the dog.

PMID- 3703468
TI  - Facial artery of the rabbit.

PMID- 3703469
TI  - Histological observations on polyovular follicles in the domestic chicken, Gallus
      domesticus.

PMID- 3703470
TI  - Scanning electron microscopic observations of the vascular system of rat molar
      pulps.

PMID- 3703471
TI  - [Factors determining the frequency and pathways of the parthenogenetic
      development of ethanol-activated mouse oocytes].
AB  - Ethanol activates the eggs inside the mother upon intraperitoneal, rather than
      intragastric, injection. The eggs are also activated and engaged into
      parthenogenetic development when the eggs or the whole oviducts with the ovulated
      eggs are placed in a culture medium with ethanol. The intensity of the activating
      effect of ethanol in vitro and ways of parthenogenetic development depend both on
      the ethanol concentration and temperature. At a temperature below 17 degrees
      ethanol did not activate the mouse eggs. There is a temperature optimum for each
      ethanol concentration studied (from 2 to 6.6%), at and ways of parthenogenetic
      development depend both on the ethanol concentration and the ability of
      parthenogenetic embryos to develop until the blastocyst stage are determined by
      the efficiency of activation and depend on the selection of optimal conditions
      for the action of ethanol. Cytochalasin B or D did not enhance the activating
      action of ethanol on the mouse eggs. The mechanisms of ethanol action on the eggs
      are discussed.

PMID- 3703472
TI  - [Chronology and dynamics of the development of female genital organs of cattle
      fetuses].
AB  - The chronology and dynamics of the female germ cell development, of the mitotic
      activity of oogonia, and of the chromosome rearrangements at prophase I of
      meiosis have been quantitatively estimated in 30 cow embryos and foetuses at the
      age of 1.5 to 9 months. The sexual differentiation of the gonads was shown in a
      1.5 month old embryo. The oocytes at the stages of preleptotene chromosome
      condensation and decondensation occurred in the 1.5 month old embryos and their
      maximum number was observed in the 2-5 month old foetuses. The leptotene oocytes
      were found in the 2-2.5 month old foetuses. The transition to zygotene and
      pachytene was also recorded in the 2-2.5 month old foetuses but their maximum
      number was observed in the 4-6 month old foetuses; their number was reduced to
      single oocytes thereafter. The first diplotene oocytes appeared in the 3 month
      old foetuses but the active transition of the oocytes to diplotene was observed
      after four months of development. The formation of a layer of follicle cells
      takes place around the diplotene oocytes. The vast majority of degenerating germ
      cells are the oocytes in zygotene-pachytene and in diplotene. The population of
      germ cells is formed by the mitotic division of oogonia in the cow foetuses,
      mainly at the age of 1.5 to 4 months of development.

PMID- 3703473
TI  - [Distribution of radioactivity in subcellular fractions of genital tract tissue
      and skeletal muscles of guinea pig embryos after administration of 1 alpha,2
      alpha-3H(n) testosterone in vitro].
AB  - The dynamics of radioactivity in subcellular fractions of the reproductive system
      and muscle has been studied in the guinea pig embryos from the 21st day of
      development till birth after the preincubation in a medium containing 1 alpha,2
      alpha-3H(n) testosterone (T-3H). The total uptake of T-3H per mg tissue is higher
      in the reproductive system than in the muscle and attains the highest values
      during the period of differentiation of target organs by the male type (30-33
      days). The nucleocytoplasmic ratio of radioactivity is shifted towards its
      increase in the nucleus with maximum on the 41st-45th days and by the moment of
      birth. Radioactivity in the microsomal fraction is higher than in the cytosol
      (soluble proteins). From the 27th day of development on, when the hormone uptake
      becomes selective, the radioactivity in the cytosol from the reproductive organs
      is higher than in the muscle tissue. The data obtained suggest the importance of
      processes in microsomes for differentiation and organogenesis of reproductive
      system.

PMID- 3703474
TI  - [Morpho-functional characteristics of septum pellucidum cells in a tissue culture
      in newborn rats].
AB  - In the conditions of cultivation of the transparent septum cells of newborn rat
      all cell types, inherent in this structure in vivo, are preserved and
      differentiate. The bioelectric activity is expressed in generating continuous
      pulse activity from the 9th day of cultivation on, thus suggesting the
      organotypic culture maturation.

PMID- 3703475
TI  - [Development of glomerular capillaries of the definitive kidney in the prenatal
      ontogenesis of man].
AB  - The morphology of development of the glomerular capillaries in the human
      definitive kidney has been studied during prenatal ontogenesis. They are laid
      down in two ways: in the renal corpuscule rudiment from the migrated angioblasts
      and by ingrowth of the capillaries from the precapillary branchings of afferent
      arterioles into the nondifferentiated aggregate of nephrogenic cells. Both types
      of glomerulogenesis are observed after the afferent arterioles reach the
      corpuscule rudiments.

PMID- 3703476
TI  - Silicone oil particles trapped in the subretinal space: complications after
      substitution of the vitreous.
AB  - Silicone oil particles trapped in the subretinal space, following total
      replacement of the vitreous by oil, were found in the aphakic eye of a 51-year
      old man. The eye had been operated on two times for retinal detachment in other
      institutes which resulted in a grade D-1 proliferative vitreoretinopathy. The
      silicone particles resembled beads and were slightly mobile among subretinal
      strands by changing the eye position. The particles freely moved into the
      vitreous cavity through a retinotomy site and were removed with the silicone from
      the vitreous cavity because of ocular pain. Subconjunctival granulation was
      removed and histological examination showed silicone oil particles in the
      vitreous cavity, and cellular infiltration.

PMID- 3703477
TI  - Two Japanese cases of battered child syndrome with retinal hemorrhage.
AB  - We present 2 cases of battered child syndrome with retinal hemorrhage. Case 1 is
      a 6-year-old boy who was blinded in both eyes following abuse by his mother's
      common-law husband. Retinal hemorrhages and optic atrophy were found in both
      eyes. Case 2 is a 6-month-old boy who developed dyspnea following episodes of
      abuse by his mother's common-law husband. Retinal hemorrhages were visible in
      both fundi. We believe that retinal hemorrhage is the most frequent clinical
      finding in abused children and its presence should alert the ophthalmologist to
      suspect battered child syndrome.

PMID- 3703478
TI  - Familial optic atrophy with sex-influenced severity. A new variety of autosomal
      dominant optic atrophy?
AB  - A family is described with 20 members in three successive generations affected by
      optic atrophy without other ocular or extraocular manifestations. The anomaly was
      transmitted as an autosomal-dominant character. There was a clearly bimodal
      distribution of severity: 4 male patients complained of severe impairment of
      vision since childhood while 16 other subjects (7 males and 9 females) were
      completely asymptomatic. This family could be an example of a new variety of
      autosomal dominant optic atrophy characterized by sex-influenced severity.

PMID- 3703479
TI  - [NMR-tomography of the human eye].
AB  - The NMR relaxation data of tissue are the basis of an appropriate adjustment of
      NMR imaging parameters. The relaxation data of ocular tissues are presented, and
      the relaxation behaviour of the eye is discussed. NMR imaging of eyes with
      intraocular silicone and pseudophakia are shown. Up to the present time, neuritis
      of the optic nerve is not detectable by NMR tomography whereas intraocular
      melanoma are clearly distinguishable.

PMID- 3703480
TI  - Paranasal sinus adenocarcinoma causing proptosis.

PMID- 3703482
TI  - In vivo experiments with the excimer laser--technical parameters and healing
      processes.
AB  - In vivo experiments on rabbit corneae with the excimer laser (lambda = 193 nm)
      are presented. A new delivery system using total-reflecting prisms is described.
      For corneal surgery a repetition rate of about 50 Hz seems to be optimal. Healing
      processes of the cornea are demonstrated. It is supposed that the corneal
      incisions by excimer laser have not to be as deep as those induced by knives to
      change corneal curvature.

PMID- 3703481
TI  - Interferon-beta treatment of herpes simplex keratitis.
AB  - We tested a new preparation of interferon-beta (IFN-beta) to determine its
      efficacy and tolerability in the treatment of herpetic keratitis. The 20 patients
      admitted to the trial were selected from patients who had not received any
      previous treatment with virustatic agent; they were treated in a comparative,
      randomised open trial with eye drop containing IFN-beta or iododesoxyuridine (10
      vs. 10). Examination of the data show that 10 out of 10 patients treated with IFN
      beta respond positively to the treatment, furthermore it showed that IFN-beta
      produce no local or general toxicity.

PMID- 3703483
TI  - Inheritance of Brown's syndrome.
AB  - Two families are described with members affected by Brown's syndrome. Another
      case of Brown's syndrome is described in a dizygotic twin. The authors suggest a
      hypothesis for the influence of heredity in Brown's syndrome.

PMID- 3703484
TI  - What is the most suitable grid for computer perimetry in glaucoma patients?
AB  - 100 eyes with suspected or proven glaucoma were examined with the Humphrey Field
      Analyzer 620 with 30-1 and 30-2 threshold tests, complementary 6 degrees grids
      which combine to a 4.2 degrees grid. The two tests were compared with each other
      in the resulting 68 pathological fields. 29 of them showed obvious differences in
      detection of scotomas. In 11 fields, the differences were so great that isolated
      consideration would have led to an incorrect staging of the glaucoma. Therefore,
      at present both tests should be applied in glaucoma cases. The frequency of
      different scotoma detection per test location was more than 10 times higher in
      the center than in the periphery. It is suggested that a program is developed
      with a 3 degrees grid within 10 degrees eccentricity, a 4.2 degrees grid between
      10 degrees and 20 degrees and a 6 degrees grid between 20 degrees and 30 degrees
      eccentricity.

PMID- 3703485
TI  - Seasonal variations in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment as related to
      meteorological factors.
AB  - The seasonality of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was investigated in 363
      consecutive patients over the period 1974-1983 and compared to meteorological
      parameter variations over the same period. A highly significant correlation
      between rhegmatogenous retinal detachment incidence and light flux values was
      found. Light is suggested to act as a precipitating factor for rhegmatogenous
      retinal detachment in a damaged retina. The possible mechanisms by which the
      light could be responsible for retinal detachment occurrence are discussed.

PMID- 3703486
TI  - Cohen syndrome with bull's eye macular lesion.
AB  - The Cohen syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder which is characterized by
      hypotonia, obesity, mental deficiency, and facial, oral and ocular anomalies.
      During a twelve-year period of observation, the authors' patient manifested
      pigmentary retinal degeneration and a bull's eye macular lesion. The Cohen
      syndrome must be included in the differential diagnosis of syndromes with
      retinitis pigmentosa.

PMID- 3703487
TI  - Carriers of X-linked retinitis pigmentosa. A fluorophotometric determination of
      the permeability of the blood-retinal barrier.
AB  - The blood-retinal barrier permeability to fluorescein was studied in a single
      family with X-linked retinitis pigmentosa by an elaborate vitreous
      fluorophotometric method. Affected males showed a ten times increase of
      permeability compared with normals. In a group of seven obligate carriers the
      mean permeability was significantly increased by 45% compared with the mean
      permeability in a group of normals. Five of the seven carriers had permeabilities
      higher than the normal mean permeability + 2 SD, while two carriers had a
      permeability within the normal mean +/- 2 SD. Thus, this study supported that
      carriers of X-linked retinitis pigmentosa show deterioration of the blood-retinal
      barrier. However, the phenomenon is not present in all carriers and the
      permeability cannot be used as a completely safe indicator of the carrier state.

PMID- 3703488
TI  - Retinoblastoma in Lebanon.
AB  - The data on 58 patients with retinoblastoma managed at the American University of
      Beirut, Medical Center over the last 35 years is reviewed. The epidemiology,
      genetics and clinical features of this tumor appear to be the same in the Middle
      East as well as the rest of the world. The notable difference between the data in
      this study and that from other studies is the marked delay in diagnosis of the
      tumor in this part of the world leading to a higher incidence of extraocular
      extension, a more advanced stage of the disease and poorer survival rates. This
      seems to be a feature of medically underdeveloped societies. Increased public
      awareness of the early signs and symptoms of the disease, as well as routine
      fundoscopy on all infants are advocated to improve early detection, leading to
      improved survival rates and prevention of unnecessary enucleations.

PMID- 3703489
TI  - Patterned dystrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium.
AB  - The authors describe a family presenting with a patterned dystrophy of the
      retinal pigment epithelium. The aspect of the macular area is granular to
      reticular with a tendency to a butterfly shape. Visual functions are normal or
      near-normal. A review of the literature is given.

PMID- 3703490
TI  - Autosomal dominant cone-rod dystrophy associated with sickle-cell trait in a
      Sicilian family.
AB  - Three Sicilian siblings had a typical cone-rod dystrophy. The same ocular anomaly
      was probably present in their mother and in the maternal grandmother. The three
      probands were also carriers of Hb S, but this last anomaly was also present in an
      unaffected brother. It is concluded that the cone-rod dystrophy of this family is
      inherited as an autosomal dominant character and that its association with sickle
      cell trait is coincidental.

PMID- 3703491
TI  - Morning glory syndrome with chronic simple glaucoma.
AB  - A 42-year-old woman had morning glory syndrome of the fundus of the right eye.
      The finding was related to chronic simple glaucoma and without pulsation of the
      staphyloma. The clinical symptoms and echographic pattern during the endocular
      hypertensive phase with normal intraocular pressure was studied after appropriate
      medication. This associated disease is attributed to the presence of a congenital
      malformation of the anterior chamber angle.

PMID- 3703493
TI  - Bietti's crystalline retinopathy.
AB  - The authors reported a case of Bietti's crystalline retinopathy in 1981. In the
      present paper they report three additional cases studying the stages of this
      disease and the clinical findings at each stage. Conclusions obtained are as
      follows: This disease is a type of total RPE-choriocapillaris dystrophy, the
      process of which starts at the posterior pole. This disease can be divided into
      three stages, based on the clinical findings: Stage 1: RPE atrophy with uniform
      fine white crystalline deposits is observed at the macular area. Stage 2: RPE
      atrophy extends beyond the posterior pole. Choriocapillaris atrophy in addition
      to the RPE atrophy appears markedly at the posterior pole. Crystalline deposits
      in the lesion vary in shape and size and have a tendency to conflue. The number
      of crystalline deposits is less in the advanced atrophic areas of the RPE
      choriocapillaris complex. Stage 3: RPE-choriocapillaris complex atrophy is
      observed throughout the fundus. The total number of crystalline deposits
      decreases because the crystalline deposits that disappear number more than those
      that appear in Stage 3. Crystalline deposits which are observed at the corneal
      limbus are possibly prominent in the advanced stage of atrophy of the RPE
      choriocapillaris complex.

PMID- 3703492
TI  - Hereditary congenital nystagmus. A Japanese pedigree.
AB  - A Japanese pedigree of congenital nystagmus compatible with an X-linked irregular
      dominant transmission is described. An absence of male-to-male transmission, and
      skipping of a generation were noted. Genetic counseling for congenital nystagmus
      is difficult because of the irregular pattern of inheritance.

PMID- 3703494
TI  - The precarious future of american institutional ophthalmology.

PMID- 3703495
TI  - The use of intravitreal thrombin to control hemorrhage during vitrectomy.
AB  - The ability of intravitreal bovine thrombin to control intraoperative bleeding
      was investigated by a prospective double blind study of 28 consecutive patients
      with vascularized preretinal membranes undergoing vitrectomy for diabetic
      retinopathy. Addition of thrombin (100 units/ml) to the vitrectomy infusate was
      associated with a significantly reduced intraocular bleeding time after cutting
      vascularized membranes. The mean bleeding time without thrombin was 111.5
      seconds, compared to 12.3 seconds with intravitreal thrombin (P less than
      0.0001). Patients receiving thrombin had less overall bleeding during surgery and
      less vitreous hemorrhage on the second postoperative day. Intravitreal bovine
      thrombin was associated with increased postoperative intraocular inflammation in
      20% of patients receiving thrombin. This inflammation could be controlled by use
      of frequent topical steroids.

PMID- 3703496
TI  - Timing of vitrectomy for active proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
AB  - Eyes with active proliferative diabetic retinopathy with dense sub-hyaloid
      hemorrhage and significant visual loss represent an appropriate indication for
      prompt vitrectomy. Twenty-six such eyes in 22 patients were operated. The results
      are compared to 49 diabetic eyes undergoing vitrectomy for other complications of
      diabetic retinopathy. The results demonstrated both an improved anatomic success
      rate (85% compared to 73%) and a higher rate of reading visual function (54%
      compared to 18%) in the early vitrectomy group, substantiating the study
      hypothesis.

PMID- 3703497
TI  - Prognostic indicators of success and failure in vitrectomy for diabetic
      retinopathy.
AB  - Results of pars plana vitrectomy for complications of diabetic retinopathy were
      analyzed by logistic regression analysis in 1007 eyes to determine the
      preoperative and intraoperative factors associated with visual success or
      failure. Preoperative factors associated with a poorer visual outcome (final
      visual acuity less than 5/200) include preoperative iris neovascularization,
      cataract, visual acuity less than 5/200 and traction or rhegmatogenous retinal
      detachment. Intraoperative factors associated with a greater chance of a poor
      visual result include use of intravitreal gas or air and creation of an
      iatrogenic retinal break or detachment. The presence of any one of these factors
      resulted in a 1.5 to 3.9 times greater risk of a poor final visual result. The
      regression coefficients may be combined to predict the likelihood of obtaining
      final acuity greater than or equal to 5/200 in eyes with various preoperative
      characteristics.

PMID- 3703498
TI  - Treatment of the acute retinal necrosis syndrome with intravenous acyclovir.
AB  - We treated 13 eyes of 12 patients with the acute retinal necrosis syndrome (ARN)
      with intravenous acyclovir (1500 mg/M2/day) for an average of 10.9 days. All
      patients were also treated with oral aspirin or Coumadin. in an attempt to
      prevent thrombotic complications and nine of twelve patients were treated with
      oral prednisone after intravenous acyclovir had been initiated. Regression of
      retinal lesions was first seen on average 3.9 days after initiation of therapy
      and required 32.5 days on average for completion. No eye developed new retinal
      lesions or progressive optic nerve involvement 48 hours or more after initiation
      of therapy, although progression within the first 48 hours was occasionally seen.
      Treatment did not ameliorate vitritis or prevent retinal detachment, which
      occurred in 11 of 13 eyes, an average of 59 days after the initiation of therapy.
      There were no evident ocular or systemic complications of therapy. Our data
      suggest the need for a prospective randomized clinical trial to evaluate the
      efficacy of intravenous or oral acyclovir in the treatment of the acute retinal
      necrosis syndrome.

PMID- 3703499
TI  - The effect of changes in intraocular pressure on corneal curvature after radial
      keratotomy in the rabbit eye.
AB  - Standard radial keratotomy was performed in both eyes of 18 rabbits. Intraocular
      pressure (IOP) was raised by injection of saline solution into the vitreous
      cavity at different times after surgery: 8 eyes at one, two, and six weeks and 12
      eyes at four months. Keratometric readings at 10, 20, 40, 60, and 80 mmHg were
      recorded by three independent observers in a masked fashion. The same procedure
      was performed in eight eyes that had no surgery, as controls. Increments in IOP
      correlated with significant reductions in corneal power at all times after
      surgery and for all IOP values in the operated eyes. No changes were observed in
      the control eyes. The results indicate that variations in IOP, even within
      physiological limits, may cause changes in corneal curvature after radial
      keratotomy, and that patients with wide fluctuations in IOP could present a
      higher risk for postoperative fluctuation in visual acuity after this refractive
      procedure.

PMID- 3703500
TI  - Corneal changes in familial iris coloboma.
AB  - We recently studied members from a family with autosomal dominant iris coloboma.
      All affected members had either unilateral or bilateral iris coloboma and
      bilateral peripheral corneal changes indistinguishable from those seen in
      aniridia. The corneal changes consisted of well-demarcated pannus-like growths
      extending from the limbus onto the peripheral cornea for 360 degrees without any
      stromal vascularization. In one adolescent member, bilateral lenticular opacities
      limited to the meridian of the colobomata were seen. No members had primary
      glaucoma, macular or optic disc hypoplasia, nystagmus, or extraocular
      malformations. The coexistence of iris coloboma and aniridia-like corneal changes
      may imply that ocular coloboma and aniridia comprise a continuous spectrum of the
      same developmental defect or, alternatively, such corneal changes constitute a
      nonspecific manifestation of iris developmental defects in general.

PMID- 3703501
TI  - Corneal hydrops in Terrien's marginal degeneration.
AB  - We present four cases of Terrien's marginal degeneration that developed
      spontaneous ruptures in Descemet's membrane resulting in corneal hydrops. In all
      cases, the hydrops was characterized by a clear intracorneal pocket of aqueous
      humor rather than by stromal clouding. In two cases, the pocket extended
      peripherally to form a conjunctival filtering bleb. Although a lamellar corneal
      patch graft was used in one case for severe astigmatism, hypotony, and impending
      perforation, most cases were merely observed without treatment.

PMID- 3703502
TI  - Snailtracks of the corneal endothelium.
AB  - An unusual pattern of corneal endothelial cell alterations has been observed at
      the slitlamp in eyes following intraocular surgery. Because of their appearance,
      we have called these changes "snailtracks". We have commonly seen these
      snailtracks following extracapsular cataract extraction. Similar changes have
      been noted in cadaver corneas stored in McCarey-Kaufman (M-K) medium. This study
      presents information which suggests that these changes represent corneal
      endothelial cell damage.

PMID- 3703503
TI  - Optic disc cupping in arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy resembles
      glaucomatous cupping.
AB  - Five cases of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy secondary to biopsy-proven giant
      cell arteritis are presented. In each case, cupping of the optic disc, which
      closely resembled glaucomatous cupping, was observed in the affected eye. The
      presence of glaucoma was ruled out on the basis of normal intraocular pressures
      and normal tonographic measurements of facility of outflow. These cases indicate
      that arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy can result in optic disc cupping, which
      closely resembles glaucomatous cupping. The similarities in the appearance of
      cupping of these discs with that seen in eyes with glaucoma suggest that the
      pathogenesis of cupping in glaucoma and in arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy
      may share some common mechanisms.

PMID- 3703504
TI  - The effect of argon laser trabeculoplasty on the rate of filtering surgery.
AB  - We examined the impact of argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) on the overall rate
      of filtering surgery on a resident service. From 1981 through 1984, 121 eyes
      underwent ALT for treatment of uncontrolled primary open-angle glaucoma despite
      maximum tolerated medical therapy. Mean intraocular pressure decreased from 27 +/
      4 mmHg to 20 +/- 5 mmHg (median follow-up, 9 months). From 1978 through 1981,
      the mean annual rate of filtering surgery was 16. Only one filtering procedure
      was performed in 1982, the first full year of ALT use. However, 15 filtering
      procedures were performed in 1983 and 18 were performed in 1984. Despite a large
      number of apparently effective ALT treatments and despite an overall reduction in
      outpatient visits of 20%, the rate of filtering surgery has returned to the pre
      ALT level. This suggests that ALT may be effective in delaying the need for
      surgery, but in many cases it probably does not prevent surgery.

PMID- 3703505
TI  - Combined cataract extraction and guarded sclerectomy. Reevaluation in the
      extracapsular era.
AB  - Thirty-four eyes of 25 patients underwent a guarded sclerectomy in combination
      with either an intracapsular or extracapsular cataract extraction. The
      intraocular pressure was well-controlled in the early postoperative period in all
      but one case, and only one eye developed a flat anterior chamber that required
      surgical reformation. However, there was a high incidence of intraoperative and
      postoperative complications in both the intracapsular and extracapsular groups.
      These observations, as well as experience with extracapsular cataract extraction
      and posterior chamber lens implantation alone in glaucomatous eyes, have led to a
      reevaluation of the criteria for combined cataract and glaucoma surgery.

PMID- 3703506
TI  - Esterman disability rating in severe glaucoma.
AB  - Forty-two patients with severe visual loss from glaucoma were assigned an
      Esterman visual function score according to their performance on a binocular
      visual field test using an automated perimeter. (The Esterman score has been
      adopted by the AMA as a new standard for rating visual field disability.) The
      visual function score was correlated with patient responses to questions about
      perceived visual disability. Monocular visual field results from both eyes using
      automated suprathreshold static and manual kinetic perimetry were also compared
      to the binocular Esterman test results. The binocular Esterman test rapidly
      provided information concerning visual field disability which correlated well
      with combined monocular results, and with an objectivity lacking in patient
      responses to a disability questionnaire.

PMID- 3703507
TI  - Space-occupying orbital masses in children. A review of 250 consecutive biopsies.
AB  - A review was done of 250 consecutive biopsies for orbital space-occupying lesions
      in children. Benign cystic lesions were by far the most common, accounting for
      52% of the lesions. Inflammatory lesions, usually biopsied to exclude the
      diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma, accounted for 16%. Among the 250 biopsies there
      were 14 primary malignant tumors (6%), ten of which were rhabdomyosarcoma.
      Although rhabdomyosarcoma is not the most common space-occupying orbital lesion
      in children, clinicians should be familiar with its clinical features and proceed
      with immediate biopsy followed by appropriate irradiation and chemotherapy if the
      diagnosis is established. However, biopsy should only be undertaken if there is
      reasonable suspicion that the lesion could be rhabdomyosarcoma or other childhood
      orbital malignancy.

PMID- 3703508
TI  - Functional visual loss in children.
AB  - Twenty-three children (16 girls, 7 boys, aged 6-17 years) who presented with the
      specific complaint of blurred vision were diagnosed as having functional visual
      loss. Symptoms were intermittent in seven children. Associated signs and symptoms
      were common and included headaches, visual field loss, diplopia, micropsia,
      voluntary nystagmus, and spasm of the near reflex. Our treatment consisted of
      reassurance and follow-up. Resolution of symptoms occurred within 24 hours in one
      third and within two months in three-quarters of our patients. Parental support
      and encouragement were associated with more rapid resolution. Recurrence of
      symptoms and late onset of somatic complaints were rare. Conflicts related to
      family or school environment were common. Four children had been sexually or
      physically abused. Our experience suggests that, regardless of the duration or
      severity of symptoms, functional visual loss in children can usually be treated
      with reassurance. We believe that psychiatric referral is not necessary for most
      patients. Sexual or physical abuse should be considered as a possible
      predisposing factor.

PMID- 3703509
TI  - Hyperglycemic acidotic coma and death in Kearns-Sayre syndrome.
AB  - This paper presents the clinical and metabolic findings in two young boys with
      long-standing Kearns-Sayre syndrome. Following short exposure to oral prednisone,
      both boys developed lethargy, increasing somnolence, polydipsia, polyphagia, and
      polyuria. Both presented in the emergency room with profound coma, hypotension,
      severe hyperglycemia, and acidosis. Nonketotic lactic acidosis was present in one
      and ketosis without a known serum lactate level was present in the other.
      Respiratory failure rapidly ensued and both patients expired in spite of efforts
      at resuscitation. We believe these two cases represent a newly described and
      catastrophic metabolic-endocrine failure in the Kearns-Sayre syndrome.

PMID- 3703510
TI  - Retinal and choroidal vascular occlusion following intralesional corticosteroid
      injection of a chalazion.
AB  - Unilateral visual loss following periocular corticosteroid injection is a
      reported complication of injections of tonsillar, nasal, scalp, and retrobulbar
      sites. This is the first reported case, to our knowledge, of intralesional
      corticosteroid injection of a chalazion producing ipsilateral microembolization
      and infarction of retinal and choroidal vasculature. An eight-year-old boy
      underwent reexcision of an upper lid chalazion under general anesthesia.
      Intraoperatively, 0.5 ml of depot-steroid preparation was injected into the
      excision site. Postoperatively, vision was unilaterally reduced to light
      perception only. Examination revealed an afferent pupillary defect, retinal and
      choroidal emboli, retinal edema, and a macular "cherry red spot". Anterior
      chamber paracentesis, carbon dioxide rebreathing, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
      and ocular massage failed to change the embolic pattern. No visual recovery
      resulted. Fundus photography and fluorescein angiography demonstrated occlusion
      of the retinal and choroidal vasculature. Extreme care should be exercised during
      and immediately following intralesional corticosteroid injection of chalazia.

PMID- 3703511
TI  - The inadvertent injection of gas beneath the retina in a pseudophakic eye.
AB  - Gas injected through the pupil to tamponade a detached retina in a pseudophakic
      eye inadvertently made its way beneath the retina and augmented the detachment. A
      transparent membrane posterior to an iris-supported lens prevented the gas from
      entering the vitreous and diverted it laterally behind the iris, to the ciliary
      body, where is dissected between layers of ciliary epithelium and entered the
      subretinal space.

PMID- 3703512
TI  - The fat adherence syndrome and strabismus after retina surgery.
AB  - The etiology of persistent strabismus after retina surgery has been poorly
      understood. Seven patients with acquired restrictive strabismus after retina
      surgery were surgically explored for the cause of the strabismus. In each case,
      the fat adherence syndrome was identified as playing a significant role in
      causing the restriction. In four patients, restriction secondary to the fat
      adherence syndrome was the sole cause of the strabismus. Other contributing
      causes included a misplaced muscle in two patients and a sponge under a muscle in
      one patient. Our conclusion is that the fat adherence syndrome is an important
      cause of restrictive strabismus after retina surgery and that this complication
      can be minimized by avoiding surgical maneuvers that violate Tenon's capsule and
      expose extraconal fat.

PMID- 3703513
TI  - Improved detection of oculomycoses using induced fluorescence with cellufluor.
AB  - Cellufluor, a fluorochrome with affinity for chitin and cellulose, was
      retrospectively compared to gram and giemsa stains for detection of human
      oculomycoses. From culture-proven specimens, this chemofluorescent stain detected
      hyphae or yeasts on 50% of smears previously considered negative. Cellufluor is a
      useful adjunct in the detection and confirmation of fungal elements from ocular
      specimens.

PMID- 3703514
TI  - Pachymeter or pachometer.

PMID- 3703515
TI  - A new method to perform the cover test.
AB  - A new method is presented to perform the cover/uncover test and the alternate
      cover test. With the subject's head in a chin rest, he fixates an object at
      either near or far distance, and one eye is illuminated from above with a
      collimated infrared beam. A high-sensitivity infrared TV camera observes the
      first and fourth Purkinje images from below. The examiner covers the
      nonilluminated eye and, viewing a TV monitor, compares the relative positions of
      the two images before and after covering. By changing the incident angle of the
      beam, the amount of deviation can be measured. To perform the alternate cover
      test, the illuminated eye is covered with an infrared transmitting filter.

PMID- 3703516
TI  - A new method for determining squint angle in primary and all secondary positions
      using the first and fourth Purkinje images.
AB  - A new objective method is presented for measuring the squint angle in all gaze
      positions. While the subject fixates an object at a distance d, his eyes are
      illuminated one at a time from above or from the side with a collimated infrared
      beam. A high-sensitivity infrared camera observes the first and fourth Purkinje
      images from below. Camera and light source are mounted on the same holder, which
      can be turned around horizontal and vertical axes. The examiner turns the holder
      while observing the Purkinje images on a TV monitor until both images lie either
      on a vertical line (to measure a horizontal deviation) or on a horizontal line
      (to measure a vertical deviation). In either of these cases the direction of the
      incident light, which is determined by the position of the holder, and the
      direction of the optical axis of the eye coincide. Advantages of the method
      include: the angle between the optical axis and the fixation line can be easily
      determined; the subject does not have to fixate with both eyes; and the accuracy
      is +/- 1 degree.

PMID- 3703517
TI  - Microbial keratitis in children.
AB  - Forty-seven eyes with microbial keratitis occurring in 44 children under 16 years
      of age were studied. Under the age of three, 92% of the infections involved
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa and/or various streptococcal species; later in childhood
      the typical adult pattern of infection was more common. Overwhelming systemic
      infections, malignant disease with orbital involvement and congenital ocular
      adnexal disease were important predisposing factors in the infant years; trauma
      and acquired external eye disease became increasingly important in mid-childhood.
      Surgery was necessary in 28% of the eyes. Frequent tearing and lack of patient
      cooperation preclude reliance on topical antibiotic therapy alone. Despite the
      difficulties, the mainstay of management involves daily biomicroscopic evaluation
      and regular subconjunctival antibiotic injections. The logistical problems of
      achieving these aims are discussed.

PMID- 3703518
TI  - Epidemiology of neonatal conjunctivitis.
AB  - Chlamydial conjunctivitis was diagnosed in 46 of 100 infants less than two months
      old presenting with conjunctivitis. Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Hemophilus
      species were most frequently identified in the remainder. All infants with
      chlamydial conjunctivitis were black and were born by vaginal delivery (P less
      than 0.001). Average age at presentation was 13 days for chlamydial and 21 days
      for other causes of bacterial conjunctivitis (P less than 0.001) with symptoms
      present an average of five to six days prior to presentation. There was no
      statistically significant difference in sex, birthweight, APGAR scores,
      bilaterality, fever, or prophylactic drops administered. Mothers of infants with
      chlamydial conjunctivitis averaged 19.5 years old versus 23.0 for the bacterial
      group (P less than 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in
      past obstetrical or sexually transmitted disease history. Persistent chlamydial
      conjunctivitis following a two-week course of oral erythromycin as recommended by
      Centers for Disease Control was documented in 19% of patients with chlamydial
      infection.

PMID- 3703519
TI  - Contralateral decreased visual acuity and extraocular muscle palsies following
      retrobulbar anesthesia.
AB  - Numerous complications resulting from retrobulbar injections in the injected eye
      and orbit have been reported. A rare complication of retrobulbar anesthesia is
      the occurrence of decreased visual acuity and extraocular muscle palsies in the
      contralateral eye. We report three cases of contralateral dysfunction of cranial
      nerves II and III, following retrobulbar anesthesia. None of the patients
      suffered permanent sequelae. Several methods of decreasing the probability of
      such an occurrence are discussed.

PMID- 3703520
TI  - Treatment of congenital ptosis by maximal levator resection.
AB  - The treatment of severe congenital ptosis may include frontalis suspension or
      maximal levator resection. A previous study of 145 consecutive frontalis
      suspensions for congenital ptosis showed a fairly high recurrence rate, frequent
      granuloma formation, and significant brow scars. In 28 patients undergoing 32
      maximal levator resections utilizing our technique, 28 patients had excellent
      results. Two required reoperations and two additional patients had
      undercorrections that did not warrant reoperation. There were no significant
      complications. We believe that maximal levator resection is a better surgical
      alternative than frontalis suspension in the treatment of severe congenital
      ptosis whether unilateral or bilateral. In our experience, maximal levator
      resection provides a better cosmetic result and the recurrence rate is probably
      less than with frontalis suspension.

PMID- 3703521
TI  - Botulinum toxin for the treatment of dysthyroid ocular myopathy.
AB  - Eight consecutive patients with acquired deviations due to dysthyroid ocular
      myopathy were injected with botulinum A toxin for relief of their diplopia. Seven
      patients were acute in the onset of symptoms and one was chronic. All showed
      improvement in motility and experienced a reduction if not total relief of their
      symptoms. Six patients required reinjection. Complications were limited to
      transient ptosis, transient involvement of adjacent muscles and transient but
      prolonged paralysis that eventually resolved. No systemic complications were
      noted. We conclude that chemodenervation with botulinum A toxin may have a role
      in the management of dysthyroid ocular myopathy not amenable to prism treatment
      and may act as an adjunct to or eliminate the need for surgical correction in
      some patients.

PMID- 3703522
TI  - The four stages of surgical rehabilitation of the patient with dysthyroid
      ophthalmopathy.
AB  - A logical and comprehensive program for the total ophthalmic rehabilitation of
      the dysthyroid patient is described. Surgical rehabilitation is always considered
      in four stages: orbital decompression, extraocular muscle surgery, eyelid margin
      repositioning, and blepharoplasty. Each stage must be considered in order. By
      observance of this protocol, repeat surgical procedures can be minimized.

PMID- 3703523
TI  - Basal infolding density in the normal pigmented rat.
AB  - A variation in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) basal infolding (BI) density in
      normal rats was observed and quantified. Serial electron micrographs of the
      midequatorial region of all quadrants from both eyes of litter-mate pigmented
      rats, 58 days old, were prepared. The lengths of BI and Bruch's membrane (BM)
      were determined by tracing enlarged micrographs to a Zeiss MOP-3 analyser. BI
      density per unit length of BM was assessed over the choriocapillary (CC) lumen,
      nucleated cytoplasma and intercapillary septum (ICS), and expressed as the
      dimensionless ratio BI/BM. Fenestrae were counted. The average BI/BM was 8.7; the
      BI/BM over the ICS, 6.1, was significantly lower than over the CC, 10.7 (P less
      than 0.001). BI/BM over the lumen and nucleated CC cytoplasm was the same. The
      number of fenestrae was not strongly associated with BI density (R2: 0.33). These
      data support the notion that the density of BI is related to diffusion within BM
      and is proportional to the distance from the CC lumen.

PMID- 3703524
TI  - The association of congenital ptosis and congenital heart disease.
AB  - Congenital ptosis and congenital heart disease are known to occur simultaneously
      in the presence of several well-recognized clinical syndromes. We report seven
      cases of documented, structural congenital heart defects found among 156
      consecutive congenital ptosis patients operated at the Wills Eye Hospital. The
      possibility that the concurrence found in the patients was a manifestation of a
      dysmorphic syndrome was carefully excluded by observers skilled in the
      recognition of such anomalies. The observed rate of congenital heart disease, in
      otherwise normal congenital ptosis patients, was five times the expected rate in
      the pediatric population at large. This should alert ophthalmologists examining
      pediatric ptosis patients to the possibility of a coexisting structural heart
      defect.

PMID- 3703525
TI  - Origin and composition of lipid deposits on soft contact lenses.
AB  - "Jelly bump" deposits, common to high-water-content hydrogel extended-wear
      contact lenses, were shown to be composed primarily of lipids, with calcium an
      optional minor component. Extraction, separation, and analysis of deposited
      versus nondeposited regions of the same lenses reveals that lipids were
      restricted to the deposited regions of the lens, with a composition of long and
      intermediate chain cholesterol esters (possibly waxy esters) and triglycerides.
      This composition is independent of deposit size or individual depositor. Except
      for an elevated triglyceride level, the composition mirrors that of the tear
      lipid layer. Analysis of tear films of heavy and nondepositors, combined with
      clinical evidence, reveals that many depositors have a relatively decreased tear
      flow with some exhibiting an elevated tear-lipid fraction. A mechanism of
      deposition is proposed to require the local depletion of the aqueous tear layer
      stranding lipid on the lens surface, thereby creating a hydrophobic region
      suitable for further deposition. Deposition does not mechanistically involve tear
      film proteins, calcium, or microorganisms although they can, at times, be
      associated with the lipid deposit.

PMID- 3703526
TI  - Chemotherapy of basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma of the eyelids and
      periorbital tissues.
AB  - Eight patients, aged 62 to 85 years, with nine instances of histologically proven
      basal cell carcinoma (BCC) or squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) involving the eyelids
      and periorbital tissues, were treated with systemic and/or local (iontophoresis)
      chemotherapy using cisplatin (Platinol) and doxorubicin (Adriamycin). All
      patients had either refused surgery, would have required extensive procedures, or
      had medical problems contraindicating surgery. Systemic chemotherapy induced a
      complete or partial remission in eight of nine lesions. No patient has required
      maintenance chemotherapy and no significant toxic side effects were encountered.
      The length of follow-up ranged from 2 to 50 months. Iontophoretic therapy with
      cisplatin was used to treat five small foci of new, recurrent or persistent
      tumor(s) in three of these patients and resulted in a partial response in all
      five lesions. Systemic or local chemotherapy offers an alternative to current
      standard forms of treatment for BCC and SCC in selected cases.

PMID- 3703527
TI  - Sarcoid cyclitis.
AB  - Fifty-two patients with ocular sarcoidosis were studied to determine how
      intraocular tissues are affected in this disease. Of 102 eyes, 36 (35.3%) had
      iris nodules, 50 (49.0%) demonstrated nodules in the anterior chamber angle, 42
      (41.2%) showed ciliary nodules, 37 (36.3%) had snowball vitreous opacities, and
      21 (20.6%) exhibited candlewax drippings on the retinal vessels. Special note was
      made of sarcoid changes in the ciliary processes using cycloscopy. Of the total
      102 eyes, nodules in the ciliary processes were most predominant in 42 (41.2%),
      waxy exudates were observed in 25 (24.5%), cyclitic membrane-like exudates were
      seen in the posterior chamber, in 3 (2.9%), and swelling of the ciliary processes
      occurred in 12 (11.8%). There were no observable changes in 20 eyes (19.6%). It
      is remarkable that these changes occur in 80.4% of eyes with intraocular
      sarcoidosis.

PMID- 3703528
TI  - Temporal arteritis. A clinicopathologic study.
AB  - Clinical and laboratory findings of 237 consecutive patients who had 250 temporal
      artery biopsies performed at the Wilmer Institute during a 15-year period were
      reviewed. Biopsies were reviewed independently on three separate occasions by
      four observers who, unaware of the clinical history, made one of the following
      histopathologic diagnoses: active arteritis, healed arteritis, arteriosclerosis,
      atherosclerosis, normal, or other. Biopsies were reviewed a fourth time by the
      observers together to establish a consensus diagnosis. The frequency of
      intraobserver disagreement in biopsy interpretation ranged from 4.4 to 25.6% of
      cases. The frequency with which observers disagreed with the consensus diagnosis
      (interobserver variation) ranged from 4.3 to 13.5% of cases. Pre-biopsy steroid
      therapy for seven to eight weeks or longer was associated with loss of the
      histopathologic features of active arteritis. We recommend biopsies for all
      patients with known contraindications to steroid therapy. In addition,
      multivariant regression analysis suggests that certain patients can be selected
      who are likely to have positive biopsies. For some patients, the clinical
      diagnosis of temporal arteritis can be based on the clinical signs and symptoms
      and their response to a therapeutic trial of steroids.

PMID- 3703529
TI  - Trichoepithelioma.
AB  - Trichoepithelioma histologically resembles basal cell epithelioma, but only
      rarely do the two lesions coexist. The case reported here documents a patient
      with hereditary trichoepithelioma who presented with a basal cell epithelioma of
      the medial canthus invading the lower eyelid. The clinical and histologic
      features of both entities will be discussed, as well as the possibility of
      malignant transformation of a trichoepithelioma to a basal cell epithelioma.

PMID- 3703530
TI  - Nanophthalmic sclera. Morphologic and tissue culture studies.
AB  - We performed morphologic and tissue culture studies on scleral tissues obtained
      from a nanophthalmic patient. Seen by light and electron microscopy, collagens in
      these unusually thick scleral tissues were arranged in irregularly interlacing
      bundles. The size of the collagen fibers was more variable than that observed in
      the controls. These abnormal fibers appeared twisted and, in some areas, were
      more closely packed. In tissue culture, scleral cells derived from the
      nanophthalmic patient synthesized proteins and collagen at a rate similar to that
      of normal control cells. The level of glycosaminoglycan produced, however, was
      markedly reduced. The modified glycosaminoglycan metabolism in scleral cells may
      be related to the abnormal packing of collagen bundles, which may in turn
      contribute to the thickening of sclera and the formation of nanophthalmos.

PMID- 3703531
TI  - Some experimental observations of responses evoked from the cochlea during two
      tone stimulation.
AB  - When the gerbil cochlea is stimulated with two closely spaced tones, a broad
      frequency spread of distortion is generated which can be detected in both the
      meatal sound field and in the round window cochlear microphonic (CM) response.
      When the frequency ratio f2/f1 is 1.025 or less and f2 = 6 kHz, there is evidence
      that more than one group of distortion components combines to give the pattern
      seen in the two cochlear responses. One group is apparently limited to
      frequencies below 4.5 kHz. This group may be an expression at close stimulus
      frequency ratios of the 'pulse' described for more widely spaced, lower frequency
      stimulus conditions, but shown here to be low-pass filtered. Acoustic and CM
      components within this group show comparable behaviour. A second distortion group
      consists of a symmetrical distribution of components above and below the stimuli,
      with no evidence of low-pass filtering. Acoustic and CM manifestations of this
      symmetrical grouping show little comparable behaviour. It is suggested that
      interaction could occur between these two groups of distortion to cause some of
      the complex behaviour reported for 2f1-f2.

PMID- 3703532
TI  - Psychophysical measurements of inner ear processes with category scaling of
      loudness.

PMID- 3703533
TI  - Selected papers from the 22nd workshop on inner ear biology. Wurzburg, September
      15-16, 1985.

PMID- 3703534
TI  - Velocity and displacement coupling of mammalian inner hair cells and the
      mechanical resonance of the free-standing stereocilia.
AB  - Some controversy still exists as to whether the inner hair cells of the mammalian
      cochlea respond to the velocity or displacement of the basilar membrane or to a
      combination of these over their operating frequency range. A comparison between
      the nonlinear properties of the receptor potentials within inner hair cells of
      the basal turn of the guinea pig cochlea and the potentials recorded within the
      scala media of the same animals for stimulus frequencies between 200 and 3,200 Hz
      provides evidence that these inner hair cells change from velocity sensitivity to
      displacement sensitivity at about 1,000 Hz. We infer from this that viscosity
      within the subtectorial space is high enough to preclude mechanical resonance of
      the freestanding stereocilia of these cells as a frequency-selective mechanism
      within the mammalian cochlea.

PMID- 3703535
TI  - Travelling wave motion along the pigeon basilar membrane.
AB  - The basilar membrane (BM) motion in the pigeon was measured using the Mossbauer
      technique. Tonotopic frequency mapping and travelling wave motion were observed
      over the basal 35% of the BM. The sensitivity and sharpness of the BM tuning
      depended on the physiological condition of the cochlea. The observed amplitude
      responses did not match the frequency threshold tuning curves of single primary
      auditory fibers.

PMID- 3703536
TI  - [Significance of the stigmosan-morphine test in the diagnosis of pancreatic
      diseases].

PMID- 3703537
TI  - [Experience with the treatment of hyperprolactinemic conditions].

PMID- 3703538
TI  - [Diagnostic value of plasma fibronectin levels].

PMID- 3703539
TI  - [Congenital scoliosis].

PMID- 3703540
TI  - [The importance of the analysis of serum bile acids in chronic liver diseases].

PMID- 3703541
TI  - [Importance of roentgen examination after subclavian vein puncture and
      intubation].

PMID- 3703542
TI  - [Treatment of dysphonia caused by unilateral paralysis of the recurrent nerve
      with teflon applied to the vocal cord].

PMID- 3703543
TI  - [Carnitine-deficient myopathy successfully treated with bicarnesine; clinico
      chemical and muscle morphology studies].

PMID- 3703544
TI  - [Should we change our approach in the practice of vena cava intubation?].

PMID- 3703545
TI  - [Porphyria sclerodermiformis].

PMID- 3703546
TI  - [Intracardiac calcification in patients under chronic hemodialysis].

PMID- 3703547
TI  - [Relation between the duration of nocturnal sleep and seizures in temporal lobe
      epilepsy].

PMID- 3703548
TI  - [The effect of barium sulfate on the mediastinum under experimental conditions].

PMID- 3703549
TI  - [Expiratory H2 studies in absorption disorders of the small intestine].

PMID- 3703550
TI  - [Involvement of the central nervous system in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma].

PMID- 3703551
TI  - [The role of routine roentgen examination in the diagnosis of diffuse diseases of
      the small intestine].

PMID- 3703552
TI  - [Determination of the completeness of proximal selective vagotomy by measuring
      the increase in serum gastrin levels and decrease in gastric juice secretion].

PMID- 3703553
TI  - [A new system of determining the developmental and nutritional status of the
      newborn].

PMID- 3703554
TI  - [Simultaneous incidence of hyperthyroidism and toxoplasmosis].

PMID- 3703555
TI  - [Current state of antibiotic resistance of pathogenic aerobic bacteria in
      Hungary].

PMID- 3703556
TI  - [Incidence of hypercalciuria in children with hematuria].

PMID- 3703557
TI  - [The role of the fist-blow to the chest in stopping life-threatening ventricular
      arrhythmia].

PMID- 3703559
TI  - [Two views on medical terminology].

PMID- 3703558
TI  - [Cerebrovascular patient turnover at the Department of Neurology of of the
      Szekesfehervar Hospital 1980-1982].

PMID- 3703560
TI  - [Relation between psychiatry and other medical specialties].

PMID- 3703561
TI  - KePRO emphasizes quality in peer review.

PMID- 3703562
TI  - Skeletal trauma in children.

PMID- 3703563
TI  - The Medical Practice Act of 1985. Part I--Composition and organization of the
      medical board.

PMID- 3703564
TI  - Intramuscular and intravenous ADS treatment. A comparison of efficacy.

PMID- 3703565
TI  - Clinical feature of meningitis in children at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital
      Yogyakarta.

PMID- 3703567
TI  - Hb H disease.

PMID- 3703566
TI  - Research priorities on diarrhoeal diseases to support the Control of Diarrhoeal
      Diseases (CDD) programme in Indonesia.

PMID- 3703568
TI  - The role of the macrophage in immunity to Trypanosoma musculi.
AB  - Trypanosoma musculi was killed by adherent peritoneal exudate cells which had the
      typical appearance of macrophages. Observations by light and electron microscopy
      showed that the trypanosomes were phagocytozed and killed intracellularly within
      phagocytic vacuoles of mouse macrophages. Adherence, phagocytosis and killing of
      T. musculi required the presence of serum from mice immune to this parasite.
      Phagocytosis and killing of T. musculi was highly dependent on heat-labile
      factors in immune mouse serum.

PMID- 3703569
TI  - In vitro antibody-mediated macrophage activity on Breinlia macropi microfilariae.
      I. Adherence and cytotoxicity.
AB  - Intense adherence accompanied by cytotoxicity, which initially occurred at 4 h of
      interaction was observed when the microfilariae of Breinlia macropi were
      introduced to cultures of quokka peritoneal macrophages previously sensitized in
      20% immune serum. No significant difference in the adherence or cytotoxic effects
      was observed among macrophages from normal, microfilaraemic and amicrofilaraemic
      quokkas. However, the serum component mediating these effects was found only in
      microfilaraemic and seropositive amicrofilaraemic quokkas. This mediator was heat
      labile and its mediation of the adherence and cytotoxic effects was independent
      of complement. Because of its apparent dissociation from IgG and its heat
      lability, the possibility that the mediator resides in the previously-described
      reaginic antibody of the quokkas was discussed.

PMID- 3703570
TI  - A cell surface antigen associated with Theileria parva lawrencei-infected bovine
      lymphoid cells.
AB  - Attempts to produce monoclonal antibodies specific for a parasite-encoded or
      induced antigen on the surface of Theileria parva lawrencei-transformed bovine
      lymphocytes resulted in the identification of the monoclonal antibody J7. This
      antibody recognizes a membrane glycoprotein on some T.p. lawrencei-infected
      bovine lymphoid cells but not on any uninfected bovine lymphoid cells.
      Inoculation of allogeneic recipient cattle with T.p. lawrencei-transformed cells
      bearing the J7 determinant resulted in transfer of the parasite but not of the J7
      epitope to the recipients' own cells. The presence of the J7 determinant could
      not be correlated with the parasite phenotype nor with the surface phenotype of
      the infected cells. It is therefore not known whether the J7 epitope is of
      parasite origin or whether it is a bovine differentiation antigen modified by the
      presence of the parasite.

PMID- 3703571
TI  - [Pathogenic action of the plague microbe on the flea Xenopsylla cheopis and the
      ultrastructure of the causative agent at various times of its stay in the
      vector].
AB  - Pathology of gastro-intestinal tract of Xenopsylla cheopis fleas infected with
      plague microbe was determined by means of electron microscopy. Ultrastructure of
      plague microbe during different periods of its stay in the vector was studied.

PMID- 3703572
TI  - [Variability of the quantitative and qualitative traits of Aedes dorsalis
      mosquitoes from larval cultures of varying densities].
AB  - Larvae of Aedes dorsalis Mg. were maintained at the density of 0.05 and 0.5
      spec./ml. It was noted that mosquitoes from overpopulated cultures grew smaller
      in size. The wings became shorter and more narrow by 4 to 6%. The wing reduction
      occurred on account of its distal elements (veins r3 and m2). Despite the
      decrease in the value of characters their variability decreased too, having
      increased only for wing width and vein mcu. In overpopulated cultures the wing
      length connection with veins r3 and m2 grew weaker in males while in females only
      such tendency was observed. Wing bilateral asymmetry was noted: left wing of
      females became wider and those of males wider and shorter. Analysis of
      variability of qualitative wing characters, which were singled out according to
      the venation pattern, has shown that of 9 studied characters only two depended on
      density (arrangement of corners of radial and medial vectors) and only in
      females. The role of such wing changes for swarming, active escaping from danger,
      direction and distance of flight of mosquitoes is discussed.

PMID- 3703574
TI  - [Identification of species of Diplogonoporus balaenopterae and D. grandis
      (Cestoda, Diphyllobothriidae)].
AB  - Comparative study of diplogonadal diphillobothriids from different species of
      whalebone whales and from man (Japan) and analysis of literary data has made it
      possible to establish their identity. Only the species Diplogonoporus
      balaenopterae (Lonnberg, 1892 capable of infecting whalebone whales, dogs and man
      can be regarded as really existing. The species D. grandis (Blanchard, 1894)
      Luhe, 1899 is its synonym.

PMID- 3703573
TI  - [Pyruvate kinase from Calicophoron ijimai trematodes and its potential inhibition
      by anthelmintic preparations].
AB  - It was shown that pyruvate kinase (PK) in the supernatant fraction from
      Calicophoron ijimai is able to regulate the direction of metabolic flow at
      glucose break down from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) level. The enzyme for activity
      required substrate, dinucleotides, cations K+ and Mn++. The activity with Mg++ as
      divalent cation is low. The addition of fructose-1.6-diphosphate (FDP) did not
      affect the enzyme activity with Mn++, however, increased the affinity for PEP.
      The velocity of Mg++ activated reaction increased by 8.2 times in the presence of
      FDP. PK in C. ijimai is sensitive to ATP inhibition, being weakly inhibited by
      malate. L-alanine did not influence on the enzyme activity. The effect of some
      anthelminthic preparations on the PK activity was shown.

PMID- 3703575
TI  - [Collembola--possible intermediate hosts of Avitellina arctica (Cestoda,
      Anoplocephalata)].
AB  - A brief description of larvae of cestodes of A. arctica at their different
      developmental stages in experimentally infected collembola Onychiurus
      (Protaphorura) taimyrica and O. (P.) furcifer is given. Developed cysticercoids
      were observed 70 days after the infection. Collembola under natural conditions
      are supposed to be intermediate hosts of cestodes of A. arctica, parasites of
      reindeer.

PMID- 3703576
TI  - [Stimulation of egg development in female nematodes by beta
      diethylaminoisobutyronitrile].
AB  - The biological activity of a new organic compound beta
      diethylaminoisobuthironitrile was determined. A new phenomenon for nematodes of
      open-type larval development (Strongyloid) was found. Alive females of nematodes
      belonging to the genera Trichostrongylus, Ostertagia, Bunostomum and Haemonchus
      were treated with 5 volumes-% mixture of the compound with water. The development
      of eggs of these nematodes in the mother body and output of larvae in female were
      observed. The larvae lead an active mode of life, feed and are capable of
      developing. Optimal exposure of females in solution is 4 hours for Haemonchus and
      Trichostrongylus, 2 hours for Bunostomum, and 3 hours for Ostertagia. Stimulation
      of egg development in nematodes of semiclose and semi-open types was not
      observed.

PMID- 3703577
TI  - [Interrelation of enkephalins with the sympathetico-adrenal system in acute
      experimental myocardial ischemia].

PMID- 3703578
TI  - [Action of middle-weight protein molecules isolated from preserved blood on the
      hemodynamics, vascular permeability and gas exchange in the lungs].

PMID- 3703579
TI  - [Effect of the chronic administration of liquid paraffin (N-alkanes) on the
      proliferative activity of the lymphoid tissue and corneal epithelium in rats].

PMID- 3703580
TI  - [Pathological physiology and scientific and technical progress].

PMID- 3703581
TI  - [Effect of the nature of pulmonary ventilation on external gas exchange in
      staphylococcal exotoxic shock].

PMID- 3703582
TI  - [Oxygen tension in the fetal brain during the increased oxygenation of pregnant
      animals].

PMID- 3703583
TI  - [Changes in the lipolytic enzyme activity of the aorta and blood of rats with
      disordered oxygen regimens].

PMID- 3703584
TI  - [Analysis of fluid balance factors in the lungs in edema].

PMID- 3703585
TI  - [Active mechanical tension in various sections of the intact myocardium].

PMID- 3703586
TI  - [Intensity of tissue respiration of the arterial and venous walls in
      hypervitaminosis D].

PMID- 3703588
TI  - [Role of oxidative metabolism in the bioenergetics of regenerating bone tissue].

PMID- 3703587
TI  - [Effect of a local cold-induced lesion of the skin on the activity of hydrolases
      and their inhibitors in the blood serum of rabbits].

PMID- 3703589
TI  - [Determination of cardiac output in small laboratory animals by tetrapolar
      rheography].

PMID- 3703590
TI  - Primary (isolated) bilateral pulmonary hypoplasia: a comparative study of
      radiologic findings and autopsy results.
AB  - Comparative radiologic/pathologic study of 45 newborns with primary and secondary
      pulmonary hypoplasia is presented and 43 cases were proven at autopsy. From 9
      cases with primary pulmonary hypoplasia, 7 could be identified by 3 independent
      observers on chest radiographs. The roentgen criteria of primary pulmonary
      hypoplasia are evaluated and should serve in future to diagnose this condition
      clinically.

PMID- 3703591
TI  - Persistent pulmonary abnormalities in newborns: the changing picture of
      bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
AB  - Significant changes in the radiographic features of bronchopulmonary dysplasia
      (BPD) have accompanied recent advances in treatment of neonatal respiratory
      distress syndrome. Retrospective study of 709 newborns showed atypical
      radiographic findings in many patients with clinical BPD. While 12/20 infants
      with clinical BPD showed changes identical to Northway's stage 4 disease, the
      remaining 8 (40% of patients with significant respiratory dysfunction) had
      diffuse, fine infiltrates without emphysema. Radiographic progression from RDS
      through all Northway stages was observed in only 4 patients. Diagnosis of stage 2
      BPD was complicated by the presence of PDA in 9/17 cases. Stage 3 BPD was
      identified with certainty in only 5 infants, but may have coexisted with PIE in
      as many as 22 cases. Nevertheless, there was close agreement between the
      radiographic findings and clinical severity of chronic lung disease. Mild (type
      1) infiltrates following RDS may be distinguished from chronic pulmonary
      insufficiency of prematurity (CPIP) or "immature lung." In patients who require
      only short-term supplemental O2, type 1 changes may reflect delayed resolution of
      RDS in an underdeveloped lung. These same findings in infants with prolonged O2
      dependence usually indicate a mild form of BPD. Coarse infiltrates and emphysema
      (type 2) are almost always associated with severe respiratory impairment.

PMID- 3703592
TI  - Primary pulmonary tuberculosis in infancy: a resurgent disease in the urban
      United States.
AB  - Primary pulmonary tuberculosis in infancy still exists in the urban United
      States, reflecting new immigrations from less developed areas. The clinical
      diagnosis may be difficult and routine chest radiographs may be confusing. We
      found magnification high KV filtered radiography to be very useful in delineating
      the primary complex and its effect on the tracheobronchial tree. Twelve infants
      and small children with primary pulmonary tuberculosis were seen in the years
      1978-1984.

PMID- 3703593
TI  - The opaque chest: when to suspect a bronchial foreign body.
AB  - A bronchial foreign body should be strongly suspected in a child with an opaque
      chest without a previous history of airways disease when there is: any sign of
      volume loss or atelectasis in the lung density and bronchiectasis within the lung
      density. Ultrasound may be helpful to rule out the presence of pleural fluid and
      may even demonstrate the bronchiectasis when the bronchi are fluid-filled.

PMID- 3703594
TI  - CT visualization of posterior vertebral veins: a sign of vena caval obstruction.
AB  - In computerized tomography of the chest and abdomen in children, visualization of
      veins in the paravertebral musculature is indicative of superior inferior vena
      caval obstruction. This collateral circulation, while not a constant feature of
      vena caval obstruction, is not seen in normal children.

PMID- 3703595
TI  - Plain abdominal radiographs in children with inflammatory bowel disease.
AB  - The value of plain abdominal radiography in children with inflammatory bowel
      disease (IBD) has not been ascertained. We reviewed the scout radiographs prior
      to first barium examination in 100 children with IBD [53 Crohn, 47 ulcerative
      colitis (UC) and scout films prior to excretory urography in 50 patients who had
      no clinical evidence of intestinal disease (controls)]. The films were reviewed
      without clinical information, and the abnormalities on each film scored according
      to severity and location. Criteria included: mural thickening, dilatation and
      mucosal abnormalities of the small bowel and colon, as well as abnormal quantity
      and/or distribution of feces in the colon. Eighty percent (40/50) of the films in
      the control group were interpreted as normal. Abnormalities suggestive of IBD
      were present in 73% of the IBD group (76% Crohn and 72% UC). Thirty-one percent
      of the films in the IBD group had a moderately abnormal score (greater than or
      equal to 3) or markedly abnormal score (greater than or equal to 5) at
      presentation. The most reliable radiographic findings were: mucosal abnormality
      in the colon and small bowel and an abnormal stool pattern (feces completely
      absent or only present in one colonic segment). The clinical presentation of IBD
      in childhood is often vague and nonspecific. Abnormalities in plain films of the
      abdomen are common in these patients and may be helpful in suggesting the
      presence and, to a great degree, the severity of disease in these children.

PMID- 3703596
TI  - Inflammatory pseudotumor of the mesentery and small intestine.
AB  - Three cases of abdominal inflammatory pseudotumor or inflammatory myofibroblastic
      tumor of the small intestinal mesentery are presented with additional examples
      from the literature. An abdominal mass was detected in three preadolescent
      children who presented with fever, growth failure, hypochromic anemia,
      thrombocytosis and polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. The radiographic findings
      confirmed the presence of a mass. Following surgical resection, the systemic
      manifestations dramatically resolved. The solid mesenteric mass was composed of
      spindle cells with the features of myofibroblasts and mature plasma cells and
      small lymphocytes. Clinical follow-up confirmed the benign nature of this lesion
      with no signs of recurrence in any patient from 3 to 6 years after the initial
      surgery.

PMID- 3703597
TI  - The radiographic appearance of the endorectal pull-through.
AB  - Children and young adults with ulcerative colitis and polyposis syndromes
      requiring colectomy are increasingly undergoing the endorectal pull-through
      procedure. We reviewed the contrast studies of the neorectum of 27 patients and
      the abdominal radiographs in 26 patients after the endorectal pull-through
      operation. Normal features included smooth mucosa with loss of the small bowel
      features, dilatation of the neo-rectum on consecutive examinations, and an
      enlarged presacral space. The normal appearance before closure of the ileostomy
      varied depending upon the amount of distension of the pull-through segment;
      redundant ileum within the rectal muscle sleeve was seen in the two patients.
      Abnormalities included rectovaginal fistulas, sinus tracts, focal strictures
      requiring dilatation, complete obstruction, mucosal irregularities, and
      generalized narrowing with lack of distensibility. These abnormalities are
      attributable to inflammation and were associated with a poor clinical outcome. A
      contrast examination of the pull-through segment is useful to exclude the
      presence of serious inflammatory change before ileostomy closure or in the
      patient with excessive diarrhea or obstruction.

PMID- 3703598
TI  - Anal agenesis with recto-bulbar fistula.
AB  - Four cases of anal agenesis with rectobulbar fistula, a rare type of anorectal
      anomaly, are described along with the preferred mode of radiological
      investigation to demonstrate the fistula.

PMID- 3703599
TI  - Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy.
AB  - In this article a family with five members suffering from primary hypertrophic
      osteoarthropathy (PHO) is reported. Our cases are characterized by swollen and
      painful joints and clubbing of distal phalanges of hands and feet. The diagnosis
      made upon on radiological and clinical findings.

PMID- 3703600
TI  - Primary leiomyosarcoma of the lung in a girl.
AB  - Leiomyosarcoma of the lung is a type of tumour rarely found in childhood. It
      arises from smooth muscle either of bronchial or arterial walls, has a variable
      pattern of local growth, blood-borne metastatic spread with lymph nodes sparing
      and a clinical course characterized by fever, cough and worsening dyspnea. We
      report a case which occurred in a 14-year-old girl, reviewing all the other cases
      found in the literature.

PMID- 3703601
TI  - Apparent gut excretion of Tc-99m-DISIDA in a case of extrahepatic biliary
      atresia.
AB  - Our patient had DISIDA scan at 39 days of age to exclude biliary atresia. Gut
      excretion was seen 18 h after injection and the diagnosis of neonatal hepatitis
      was made. Because of continued elevated liver function values, liver biopsy was
      performed and demonstrated findings consistent with biliary atresia. Exploratory
      laparotomy performed 8 days after the scan showed patent cystic duct, bile duct,
      and gallbladder, but an atretic common hepatic duct. This case is an example of
      documented biliary atresia demonstrating gut excretion on the DISIDA scan.

PMID- 3703602
TI  - Simultaneous intussusception and sigmoid volvulus in a child.
AB  - This radiographically documented case of synchronous ileoileocolic
      intussusception and sigmoid volvulus is without apparent precedence. Etiological
      factors relevant to each of these conditions are discussed. Reasons for possible
      underdiagnosis of sigmoid volvulus and simultaneous lesions are included.

PMID- 3703603
TI  - Hirschsprung's disease and asymptomatic malrotation: a rare association.
AB  - Intestinal malrotation and Hirschsprung's disease may be associated with other
      congenital anomalies. However, the association of Hirschsprung's disease with
      intestinal malrotation has been recently pointed out and sporadic cases are
      reported in the literature. We describe a case of such an association in a baby
      with asymptomatic malrotation and emphasize the diagnostic implications.

PMID- 3703604
TI  - Delayed presentation of traumatic intraperitoneal bladder rupture.
AB  - A child with urine ascites as a delayed manifestation of post-traumatic
      intraperitoneal bladder rupture is presented. The diagnosis was suggested by
      abdominal CT scan and confirmed with a cystogram. While uncommon, late
      presentation of intraperitoneal bladder rupture following trauma may occur from
      masking of a primary laceration or development of secondary rupture at the site
      of a hematoma in the bladder wall. Since CT may be a primary diagnostic study
      performed following abdominal trauma, the radiologist should be aware of CT
      findings suggesting bladder rupture and of the possibility of delayed
      presentation of this injury.

PMID- 3703605
TI  - Ossification centers of the pediatric elbow: a rare normal variant.
AB  - A 7-year 9-month-old boy sustained a transcondylar humeral fracture during a
      fall. Radiographs revealed a trochlear ossification center without evidence of a
      medial epicondylar center. This combination, although apparently quite rare,
      should be recognized as a normal variant.

PMID- 3703606
TI  - Tuberculous pathological fracture of the femur in a 15-year-old boy.
AB  - A case is presented of pathological fracture of the distal left femur in a 15
      year-old boy with tuberculosis of the knee and involvement of the lower femur.
      Pathological fracture following tuberculosis of bone is exceedingly rare and
      prompts the report of this case.

PMID- 3703607
TI  - Distinctive skeletal dysplasia in Cockayne syndrome.
AB  - Cockayne syndrome is a well-known autosomal recessive form of dwarfism with
      senile-like appearance. Skeletal changes such as flattening of vertebral bodies,
      ivory epiphyses and thickening of cranial vault, have been observed in some
      patients with this condition. We describe here a 5.5-year-old girl with the
      typical clinical signs of Cockayne syndrome and a distinctive form of bone
      dysplasia with major involvement of the spine.

PMID- 3703608
TI  - Bile secretion and its control in the newborn puppy.
AB  - To gain information about the ontogeny of neonatal biliary physiology, we
      determined gallbladder bile composition, hepatic bile flow and composition, and
      the choleretic effects of taurocholate, taurodehydrocholate, secretin, and
      glucagon in anesthetized puppies of 0-3 (n = 13), 7-21 (n = 9), and 28-42 (n = 8)
      days of age, and in fed (n = 4) and fasted (n = 4) adult dogs. Although
      gallbladder bile volume was similar in all puppies, chloride concentration in
      gallbladder bile declined with age (54.2, 33.2, 22.6, 15.9, and 5.8 mEq/liter in
      these respective groups), and so did bicarbonate concentration (43.5, 26.1, 17.6,
      11.4, and 5.7 mEq/liter). In contrast, the concentrations of sodium (175.4,
      189.2, 224.5, 251.6, and 279.4 mEq/liter) and bile acids (77.8, 137.3, 206.2,
      219.6, and 280.7 mEq/liter) increased. Spontaneous bile flow rate in 0- to 3-day
      old puppies averaged 0.194 microliter/min/g and increased to 0.365
      microliter/min/g in puppies of 28-42 days of age. The latter value was not
      significantly different from that in fed adult dogs (0.344 microliter/min/g). 14C
      erythritol bile-to-plasma ratio in spontaneously secreted bile increased with age
      (1.05, 1.08, 1.26, 1.48, and 1.70), and chloride concentration decreased (96.8,
      85.8, 79.2, 74.3, and 60.1 mEq/liter). The choleretic activity of taurocholate (2
      mumol/min/kg) was the same in all puppies (7.8 microliters/mumol) and adult
      animals (7.2 microliters/mumol). Taurodehydrocholate (2 mumol/min/kg) increased
      bile flow by a greater magnitude, yet its choleretic activity in the puppies
      (13.3 microliter/mumol) was the same as that in adult dogs (12.7
      microliters/mumol). In all animals, total bile acid excretion accounted for 70
      95% of the infused taurocholate or taurodehydrocholate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3703609
TI  - Age-related alterations of immunoreactive pancreatic cationic trypsinogen in sera
      from cystic fibrosis patients with and without pancreatic insufficiency.
AB  - Serum immunoreactive cationic trypsinogen levels were determined in 99 control
      subjects and 381 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. To evaluate the status of the
      exocrine pancreas all CF patients had previously undergone fecal fat balance
      studies and/or pancreatic stimulation tests. Three hundred fourteen CF patients
      had fat malabsorption and/or had inadequate pancreatic enzyme secretion
      (pancreatic insufficiency) requiring oral pancreatic enzyme supplements with
      meals. Sixty-seven CF patients did not have fat malabsorption and/or had adequate
      enzyme secretion (pancreatic sufficiency) and were not receiving pancreatic
      enzyme supplements with meals. Mean serum trypsinogen in 99 control subjects was
      31.4 +/- 14.8 micrograms/liter (+/- 2 SD) and levels did not vary with age or
      sex. In CF infants (less than 2 yr) with pancreatic insufficiency, mean serum
      trypsinogen was significantly above the non-CF values (p less than 0.001). Ninety
      one percent of the CF infants had elevated levels. Serum trypsinogen values in
      the pancreatic insufficient group declined steeply up to 5 years, reaching
      subnormal values by age 6. An equation was developed which described these age
      related changes very accurately. Only six CF patients with pancreatic
      insufficiency had serum trypsinogen levels above the 95% confidence limits of
      this equation. In contrast, there was no age related decline in serum trypsinogen
      among the CF group with pancreatic sufficiency. Under 7 yr, serum trypsinogen
      failed to distinguish the two groups. In those over 7 yr of age, however, serum
      trypsinogen was significantly higher than the CF group with pancreatic
      insufficiency (p less than 0.001), and 93% had values within or above the control
      range.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3703610
TI  - Development of gallbladder contractility in the guinea pig.
AB  - In vitro experiments were performed to examine the contractile responsiveness of
      guinea pig gallbladder smooth muscle as a function of developmental age.
      Gallbladder muscle strips from preterm (day 50-55 gestation), newborn (days 1-3
      post partum), and 1-month-old animals were stimulated with agonists that initiate
      the contractile process either by activation of membrane receptors (acetylcholine
      and the octapeptide of cholecystokinin) or by membrane depolarization
      (potassium). Dose-response curves were constructed for each agonist in each age
      group and analyzed with respect to the maximal force developed and the pD2 value
      (negative logarithm of the dose of agonist which produces a one-half maximal
      response). The results can be summarized as follows: 1) when normalized for
      tissue cross-sectional area, the magnitude of the contractile response to each
      agonist increased with increasing developmental age; 2) the dose of agonist
      required to elicit a one-half maximal response was independent of developmental
      age. The data indicate that cholinergic and cholecystokinin receptors are present
      and functional on gallbladder smooth muscle prior to birth and that the force
      generating capacity of the tissue continues to develop after birth. A reduced
      contractility of the gallbladder in preterm and newborn animals as compared to
      young adults may partially explain the decreased choledochol bile flow seen in
      the neonate.

PMID- 3703611
TI  - Stable isotope dilution analysis of isovalerylglycine in amniotic fluid and urine
      and its application for the prenatal diagnosis of isovaleric acidemia.
AB  - A stable isotope dilution method was developed to measure accurately small
      amounts of isovalerylglycine in amniotic fluid and urine for the prenatal
      diagnosis of isovaleric acidemia. [4,4,4-D3]Isovalerylglycine was synthesized and
      used as an internal standard. Samples were extracted, methylated, and analyzed by
      chemical ionization gas chromatography-mass spectrometry operated in the selected
      ion monitoring mode. This method is very sensitive (lower limit approximately 5
      ng/ml), linear over three orders of magnitude above 10 ng/ml up to at least 10
      micrograms/ml and reproducible. No isovalerylglycine was detected at all in
      amniotic fluids from eleven normal pregnant women with an exception of a single
      case which contained 6 ng/ml. Amniotic fluids from five pregnancies at risk were
      analyzed. Two of these samples had isovalerylglycine concentrations of 957 and
      556 ng/ml. Three others contained 18, 18, and 17 ng/ml of isovalerylglycine.
      Postpartum diagnostic tests and/or in vitro assay of isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase
      of [1-14C] isovaleric acid oxidation using amniocytes confirmed that the first
      two fetuses were affected by isovaleric acidemia, whereas the latter three were
      unaffected. The method described in this report provides a highly accurate and
      reliable technique for the prenatal diagnosis of isovaleric acidemia.

PMID- 3703612
TI  - Cardiovascular effects of d-tubocurarine and pancuronium in newborn lambs during
      normoxia and hypoxia.
AB  - Nondepolarizing muscle relaxants are administered to hypoxic neonates (including
      those with severe cyanotic congenital heart disease) to reduce oxygen
      consumption. However, it is unknown whether paralysis actually reduces oxygen
      consumption or whether the drugs used affect the cardiovascular system of
      neonates. Therefore, we studied the effects of d-tubocurarine and pancuronium
      induced muscle paralysis on oxygen consumption, cardiac output, and tissue oxygen
      delivery in healthy normoxic and hypoxic 1- to 3-day-old lambs. We measured
      intravascular pressures, cardiac output and its distribution (microspheres), and
      blood gases and pH during: 1) spontaneous respiration with room air (control); 2)
      spontaneous respiration with a Pao2 of 27-33 mm Hg (hypoxia); 3) mechanical
      ventilation with room air; 4) mechanical ventilation with room air and paralysis
      with d-tubocurarine (0.3 mg/kg) or pancuronium (0.1 mg/kg); and 5) mechanical
      ventilation with hypoxia and paralysis. Mechanical ventilation, with or without
      muscle paralysis, had no effect on the oxygen delivery or oxygen consumption of
      normoxic animals. Hypoxia and spontaneous ventilation had no effect on oxygen
      consumption, but hypoxia, paralysis, and mechanical ventilation reduced it 35% (p
      less than 0.002 d-tubocurarine) and 50% (p less than 0.001 pancuronium). Cardiac
      output was unaffected by oxygenation, mechanical ventilation, or muscle
      paralysis. However, blood flow to the brain and heart increased during hypoxia,
      which maintained normal oxygen delivery to these organs. During hypoxia and
      spontaneous ventilation, mean pulmonary arterial pressures increased 34% (d
      tubocurarine) and 54% (pancuronium) above control; during hypoxia, muscle
      paralysis, and mechanical ventilation, it increased 81%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3703613
TI  - Tissue and plasma somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I concentrations in
      the human fetus during the first half of gestation.
AB  - To investigate the possible role of somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I
      (Sm-C/IGF I) in early human development, we measured this peptide by
      radioimmunoassay in extracts of multiple tissues and in plasma from fetuses
      during the first half of gestation (9-19 wk). All tissues contained Sm-C/IGF I
      far in excess of that which could be accounted for by Sm-C/IGF I derived from
      blood entrapment. Lung and intestine had the highest concentrations (166 +/- 35
      mU/g, n = 25 and 160 +/- 20 mU/g, n = 19, respectively; mean +/- SEM) and liver
      the lowest (67 +/- 16 mU/g, n = 26). Plasma concentrations were 270 +/- 20 mU/ml
      (n = 20). Neither fetal weight (6-258 g) nor gestational age correlated with Sm
      C/IGF I concentrations in any tissue or in plasma. These findings suggest that Sm
      C/IGF I is synthesized in many human fetal tissues from as early as the 1st
      trimester. They also provide further evidence for an autocrine/paracrine role of
      this peptide growth factor.

PMID- 3703614
TI  - Dissociation of catch-up growth control and neural control of growth hormone
      secretion in the stunted head-irradiated rat.
AB  - Male Long-Evans rats were irradiated to the head only at 2 days of age;
      littermates of the same sex were sham-irradiated. At 40 days of age the
      irradiated rats were divided into two groups, one of which was fasted 48 h and
      the other fed a normal diet. The irradiated rats, fasted and nonfasted, were
      cannulated in the superior vena cava at 48 to 50 days of age. Between 54 and 58
      days of age the cannulated undisturbed rats had blood samples withdrawn at 15-min
      intervals over an 18-h period (9 h light and 9 h dark). Body weight and tail
      length data showed characteristic stunting following irradiation. The
      superimposed fast caused transient growth retardation; on refeeding, the fasted
      rats showed a pattern of catch-up growth limited to the irradiated non-fasted
      body size. Plasma growth hormone (GH) concentration in the fasted-refed rats as
      compared with the nonfasted irradiated rats showed no change in the average
      period of the bursts of GH secretion, the numbers of values in ranges of GH
      concentration, or the area under the curve of the plasma GH concentration versus
      time. No difference in these parameters was present in light or dark, considered
      separately. We conclude 1) that the link between the catch-up growth control and
      neural mechanisms controlling GH secretion is impaired as a consequence of the
      neonatal head-irradiation and 2) that catch-up growth acceleration is not
      dependent on increased GH secretion.

PMID- 3703615
TI  - Ontogeny of neutrophil chemotaxis in fetal lambs.
AB  - Ontogeny of neutrophil chemotactic response using endotoxin activated adult sheep
      plasma as a source of complement derived chemotactic factor was examined in fetal
      lambs of gestational age 120-150 days. (Gestational period in sheep is
      approximately 150 days.) Neutrophils from fetal lambs of gestational age 120-130
      days failed to respond to this chemotactic factor whereas neutrophils from fetal
      lambs above 131 days of gestational age responded at levels comparable to adult
      values. Examination of neutrophil chemotaxis in older fetuses using a different
      chemotactic factor derived from mitogen stimulated adult mononuclear cells
      revealed a selective failure of fetal neutrophils to respond to lymphocyte
      derived chemotactic factor in the presence of a normal response to complement
      derived chemotactic factor. Among prematurely delivered twin fetuses alterations
      in comparison with the first twin or age-matched controls in peripheral
      neutrophil count (increase) and in chemotaxis (increase or decrease) were noted
      in second of twins delivered greater than or equal to 20 min after the first
      lamb, suggesting an extreme sensitivity of neutrophil functions to a variety of
      influences, similar to that seen in humans.

PMID- 3703616
TI  - Glucose uptake, utilization, and transfer by the human placenta as functions of
      maternal glucose concentration.
AB  - The impact of varying maternal glucose concentrations on glucose uptake,
      transfer, and metabolism was investigated in the human placenta perfused in
      vitro. The rates of placental glucose uptake from the maternal perfusate and
      transfer to the fetal perfusate were significantly correlated with maternal
      glucose concentration up to 20 mM. Placental glucose utilization was also
      dependent upon maternal glucose concentration up to 17 mM. Between 3 and 53 mM
      maternal glucose, lactate production increased 3-fold while no change in oxygen
      consumption could be demonstrated. Correlatively, glucose storage was shown to
      increase dramatically above 10 mM maternal glucose. These results suggest that
      glucose supply to the fetus may be limited in times of maternal hypoglycemia and
      that placental mechanism(s) may serve to buffer glucose transfer to the fetus in
      conditions of hyperglycemia.

PMID- 3703617
TI  - Effects of chronic in utero hypoxia on the pulmonary vasculature of the newborn
      guinea pig.
AB  - This report analyzes the effect on pulmonary vascular structure and function in
      the newborn guinea pig of chronic fetal hypoxemia, induced by maternal hypobaric
      hypoxia (380-420 torr) without direct interference with the utero-placental blood
      flow. Six pregnant guinea pigs were maintained in hypobaric chambers, 10 newborns
      from their litters being the hypoxic group. Twenty newborns from the litters of
      10 pregnant guinea pigs maintained in air were the control group. After
      spontaneous delivery catheters were placed in the left carotid and the main
      pulmonary arteries of the newborns. Oxygen consumption was measured, pressures
      recorded from the pulmonary artery, right ventricle, and right atrium, oxygen
      saturation and hemoglobin concentration estimated on blood from systemic
      arteries, pulmonary artery, and right atrium, and cardiac output calculated (Fick
      principle). All data were normalized per kilogram body weight. Morphometric
      analysis of the pulmonary vasculature after injection of the pulmonary arteries
      showed no difference between the groups. Contrary to expectation chronic
      hypoxemia in utero did not cause pulmonary hypertension or the precocious
      muscularization of the precapillary unit found in human cases of persistent
      pulmonary hypertension: it caused growth retardation, a feature not typical of
      the human syndrome.

PMID- 3703618
TI  - Polymorphonuclear leukocyte adherence and chemotaxis in stressed and healthy
      neonates.
AB  - Defects in polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) adherence and chemotaxis in
      neonates are thought to be an important cause of their increased susceptibility
      to overwhelming bacterial infection. Few studies of these functions have been
      carried out in stressed neonates who are at even greater risk of infection. PMN
      adherence and chemotaxis were examined in 33 stressed neonates with acute lower
      respiratory illness, 13 healthy neonates, and 43 healthy adults using whole blood
      PMN adherence and chemotaxis assays. PMN chemotaxis was significantly decreased
      in stressed neonates (locomotion index of 38.4 +/- 9.7 micron) compared with that
      of healthy neonates (48.9 +/- 12.8 micron, p less than 0.01) or adults (61.6 +/-
      11.9 micron, p less than 0.001). PMN chemotaxis was studied during illness and
      recovery in 13 of the 33 stressed neonates and showed significant improvement
      during recovery (41.6 +/- 9.9 and 53.2 +/- 11.9 micron, respectively, p = 0.012).
      PMN adherence was decreased in stressed neonates (1.4 +/- 1.6%) compared with
      that of adults (12.3 +/- 11.4%, p less than 0.01) but was similar to that of
      healthy neonates (1.1 +/- 1.4%). These findings suggest that further impairment
      of PMN chemotaxis in stressed neonates helps account for their increased
      susceptibility to overwhelming bacterial infection.

PMID- 3703619
TI  - Breath amplitude modulation of heart rate variability in normal full term
      neonates.
AB  - The relationship between heart rate variability and respiration patterns was
      investigated using spectral analysis techniques in nine full-term infants whose
      ages ranged from 39-75 h. All the infants were studied during sleep, although no
      attempt was made to classify rapid eye movement or nonrapid eye movement states
      prospectively. The data obtained were examined to determine which aspects of
      neonatal breathing patterns are correlated with heart rate variability. Three
      spectral regions of heart rate variability could be identified: a very low
      frequency region below 0.02 Hz; a low frequency region from 0.02-0.20 Hz; and a
      high frequency region above 0.20 Hz. The dominant heart rate variability activity
      in these neonates was seen in the very low and low frequency regions, with little
      activity in the high frequency regions. In contrast to older infants and adults,
      respiration and heart rate variability were not strongly related through a high
      frequency region respiratory sinus arrhythmia but rather through a breath
      amplitude sinus arrhythmia which occurs in the low frequency region of the
      spectrum. The prominent very low frequency activity and the low frequency
      activity ascribed to breath amplitude modulation may result from autonomic
      nervous system mediation of chemoregulation.

PMID- 3703620
TI  - Food choices among white adolescents: the Lipid Research Clinics Prevalence
      Study.
AB  - Food groups have been widely used in nutrition education but relatively few
      studies have employed food groups to interpret dietary intake. The 24-h dietary
      recalls of 534 male and 476 female adolescents, aged 10-19 yr, were analyzed
      using a food grouping scheme. Foods were grouped with emphasis placed on fats and
      carbohydrates. Frequency of use and contribution of food groups to the
      macronutrients were determined. When nutrient intake was analyzed as a percentage
      of total calories, both males and females were found to have similar profiles.
      More than 60% of each macronutrient was contributed by combinations of three
      major food groups. The meat/fish/poultry, milk/cheese/yogurt, and bread/cereal
      products food groups contributed 81.2% of the protein; milk/cheese/yogurt,
      bread/cereal products and sweets accounted for 63.0% of the carbohydrate intake;
      and 74.3% of the dietary fat consumption was attributable to the
      meat/fish/poultry, milk/cheese/yogurt, and fats food groups. There were no
      notable differences in the food groups used by males and females. However,
      differences between the sexes emerged when nutrient intakes as a percentage of
      calories were stratified and food group usage was investigated. Food groups
      associated with macronutrients that are believed to affect health status have
      been identified.

PMID- 3703621
TI  - Effect of concanavalin A on nephrotic peripheral blood mononuclear cells mediated
      increased 35sulfate uptake in rat glomerular basement membrane.
AB  - We have previously shown a significant increase in 35sulfate uptake in rat
      glomerular basement membrane (GBM) when glomeruli were cocultured with peripheral
      blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with idiopathic minimal lesion
      nephrotic syndrome (IMLNS) in relapse, but an uptake not different than normal
      controls if glomeruli were incubated with PBMC of patients in remission. In the
      present study we examined 35sulfate uptake by GBM after PBMC from 12 IMLNS
      patients in remission were stimulated with Concanavalin A (Con A) (10
      micrograms/ml of culture media). There was a significant increase in 35sulfate
      GBM uptake when glomeruli were cocultured with Con A-stimulated IMLNS PBMC
      (geometric mean), 331 cpm/mg dry glomerular weight) as compared to glomeruli
      cocultured with IMLNS PBMC (geometric mean, 200) (p = 0.048); glomeruli alone
      stimulated with Con A (geometric mean, 182) (p = 0.008) or glomeruli alone
      (geometric mean, 146) (p = 0.002). No significant differences were seen between
      the groups when glomeruli were cocultured with PBMC from 12 normal adults. These
      data show that Con A stimulated PBMC from IMLNS patients in remission alter the
      sulfate metabolism of rat GBM. The stimulation of PBMC with Con A reproduces the
      increase in 35sulfate uptake observed when glomeruli are cocultured with PBMC
      from IMLNS in relapse. Sulfated compounds in the GBM may play a role in
      glomerular permeability. Since stimulated nephrotic PBMC alter the metabolism of
      GBM sulfated compounds, these findings may have pathogenic significance.

PMID- 3703622
TI  - Changes in the serum lipids and apolipoproteins in the first four weeks of life.
AB  - The neonatal serum lipid transport system was monitored in the 1st month of life
      to determine the impact of oral feeding (breast versus formula). Lipid and
      apolipoprotein levels were measured in the serum of normal newborn infants
      collected at birth, 3, 14, and 28 days of age. Fatty acid and neutral lipid
      studies were determined by gas-liquid chromatography and apolipoprotein levels
      were done by electroimmunoassay. Following collection of data, the results were
      divided into two groups corresponding to breast-fed (BF) or formula-fed (FF)
      infants. Only triacylglycerols at 3 days of age were significantly higher (p less
      than 0.04) in FF infant serum when compared to BF levels. Unesterified
      cholesterol levels in both groups were similar at all intervals, the cholesterol
      esters were higher at 14 and 28 days in BF infants. ApoA-I and ApoB levels were
      higher at 3 days in FF, but ApoC-III levels were the same. At all other sampling
      times, no discernible differences in these parameters were found between BF and
      FF. For the infants as a group, changes in levels with increasing age were
      similar for both ApoA-I and cholesterol esters, as was the case for ApoB and
      triacylglycerols. However, numerous differences between BF and FF were seen in
      molecular forms of triacylglycerols and cholesterol esters, reflecting the
      dietary fatty acid differences between breast milk and formula. Analyses of the
      fatty acid content of these two diets demonstrated that human breast milk
      contained twice as much palmitic and oleic acid but only one-half the linoleic
      acid of formula.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3703623
TI  - Medium-chain triglycerides in infant formulas and their relation to plasma ketone
      body concentrations.
AB  - A mild ketosis is known to prevail in the mother, fetus, and newborn infant
      during the 3rd trimester and in the early neonatal period. It has been shown that
      during an equivalent period in the rat ketone bodies are readily oxidized and
      serve as key substrates for lipogenesis in brain. Since medium-chain
      triglycerides are known to be ketogenic, preterm infants may benefit from dietary
      medium-chain triglycerides beyond the point of enhanced fat absorption. Our
      objective was to determine the ketogenic response in preterm infants (gestational
      age: 33 +/- 0.8 wk) fed three different isocaloric formulas by measuring the
      concentrations of 3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate in the plasma of these
      infants. At the time of entrance to the study the infants were receiving 110
      kcal/kg/24 h. Study I (11 infants): the infants were fed sequentially in the
      order; PM 60/40 (PM), Special Care Formula (SCF), and Similac 20 (SIM). In SCF
      greater than 50% of the fat consists of medium-chain length fatty acids while PM
      and SIM contain about 25%. The concentration of 3-hydroxybutyrate in plasma was
      significantly higher when infants were fed SCF than PM and SIM [0.14 +/- 0.03,
      0.06 +/- 0.01, and 0.05 +/- 0.01 mM, respectively (p less than 0.01)]. Study II
      (12 infants); the infants were fed SCF, then SIM, or the reverse. The
      concentration of acetoacetate in plasma was 0.05 +/- 0.01 and 0.03 +/- 0.01 mM
      when infants were fed SCF and SIM, respectively (0.1 greater than p greater than
      0.05). The concentrations of 3-hydroxybutyrate in plasma were similar to those
      measured in study I for the respective formulas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3703624
TI  - Hematological values of 163 normal fetuses between 18 and 30 weeks of gestation.
AB  - Utilizing an easy and safe procedure for fetal blood sampling in utero we have
      studied 409 fetuses for prenatal diagnosis of rubella, toxoplasmosis, hemophilia,
      and hemoglobinopathies. Retrospectively we selected 163 fetuses confirmed as
      normal at birth and tested between 18 and 30 wk of gestation to establish normal
      hematological parameters and to follow the evolution of erythropoiesis,
      differential counts, hemoglobin synthesis, and hemostasis. Total white blood cell
      and platelet counts did not change during this period. The lymphocytes
      represented the main population and we observed a decrease of normoblasts during
      gestation. The results show a progressive increase of red blood cells and
      hemoglobin. This evolution is demonstrated by the ratio hemoglobin A to
      acetylated hemoglobin F. No significant modification of hemostasis was observed
      over a 12-wk intrauterine gestation. These results provide useful reference
      values for future investigations.

PMID- 3703625
TI  - Influence of age on compensatory renal growth in rats.
AB  - Rats were nephrectomized (nx) or sham-operated (s) at the age of 5 days (young)
      or 55 days (adult). Nx and s rats from the same litters were studied at various
      times 5-75 days after surgery with determination of kidney weight and of renal
      cortical DNA and protein content. In some protocols protein and DNA content were
      determined in a more homogeneous population of proximal tubular cells. In s rats
      body weight, kidney weight, renal cortical DNA content, and protein/DNA ratio
      increased until at least 80 days of age. Body growth was the same in nx and s
      rats. In young nx rats the remnant kidney was significantly enlarged 5 days after
      surgery. The difference in kidney size between nx and s rats increased
      continuously at least until the age of 80 days. The remnant kidney was 125 +/- 9%
      enlarged 3 wk after nx and 175 +/- 18% enlarged 8 wk after nx. Five days after nx
      there was no increase in cortical DNA content but a significant increase in
      protein/DNA ratio. From 2 wk after nx on, the DNA content was significantly
      higher in nx than in s rats but the protein/DNA ratio was the same in nx and s
      rats. In adult nx rats, the remnant kidney was enlarged to the same extent 3 and
      8 wk after surgery (130 +/- 7 and 132 +/- 8%, respectively). The increase in
      kidney weight 8 wk after nx was significantly smaller in adult than in young
      rats. The cortical DNA content and protein/DNA ratio were both moderately but
      significantly increased in adult rats 8 wk after nx. In conclusion this study has
      established age-dependent differences regarding the degree, the nature and the
      duration of compensatory renal growth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3703626
TI  - The fetal visual evoked potential.
AB  - Five singleton fetal lambs were surgically instrumented at 110-121 days gestation
      (term gestation = 145 days) for measurement of visual evoked potentials (VEP) in
      utero. Light flashes were generated by a small incandescent bulb secured under
      the right fetal eyelids and the visual responses were recorded through stainless
      steel electrodes implanted in the fetal scalp. Four of the five fetal lambs were
      surgically instrumented between 110-113 days. VEPs recorded in these four animals
      from 111-114 days exhibited N1, P1, and N2, but lacked the P2 component. All VEP
      components (N1, P1, N2, P2) were measureable by 115-118 days in these fetuses.
      One fetus was surgically instrumented at 121 days and VEPs containing all
      components were measurable until 125 days gestation when the equipment dislodged
      in utero. Serial VEP recordings from all five fetal lambs from 111-128 days
      indicated no change in latency to N1 while significant latency changes occurred
      in P1, N2, and P2 suggesting maturational development of the visual system.
      Histological assessment of the eyes from three animals at delivery revealed only
      thickening and increased vascularity of the cornea in response to the light
      source resting on the fetal eye. In conclusion, these results suggest that the
      fetal visual evoked potential has application in the longitudinal study of normal
      visual development in utero and offers a technique for studying visual response
      changes to adverse perinatal events.

PMID- 3703627
TI  - Neutrophil adhesion abnormality with deficient surface membrane proteins (gp 110
      and p 98): the effect of their antibodies on the function of normal neutrophils.
AB  - A sister and brother previously described with neutrophil adhesion defects and a
      lack of two neutrophil membrane proteins, glycoprotein with a molecular weight of
      110 K and 115 K, were further studied. Rabbit polyclonal IgG antibodies were
      raised against neutrophil membrane proteins of approximately 110 K from normal
      individuals, and absorbed with the siblings' neutrophil membrane proteins. The
      antibodies thus absorbed reacted with two normal neutrophil membrane proteins, a
      110 K glycoprotein and a 98 K protein, which were totally deficient in the
      siblings' neutrophils. The polyclonal antibodies were also reactive with a 95 K
      membrane protein of normal lymphocytes. The protein was missing in the siblings'
      lymphocytes. Three membrane proteins, Mac-1, LFA-1, and p 150, 95 each consisting
      of a specific alpha-subunit and a beta-subunit common to them, have been reported
      to be deficient in neutrophils from several patients with a neutrophil adhesion
      disease. Using monoclonal antibodies to Mac-1 alpha, LFA-1 alpha, and to the beta
      subunit, it was deduced that the siblings' neutrophils lacked the above three
      membrane proteins. The disease in the siblings is thus identical with that
      previously described. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      of immunoprecipitates, formed by reacting labeled normal neutrophil membrane
      proteins with our polyclonal antibodies, revealed three bands, almost identical
      with that of immunoprecipitates formed with the anti-beta-subunit monoclonal
      antibody. This finding indicates that the polyclonal antibodies reacted mainly
      with the beta-subunit of the membrane proteins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3703628
TI  - Synthesis and secretion of a nerve growth-stimulating factor by neonatal mouse
      astrocyte cells in vitro.
AB  - Neonatal mouse astroglial cells cultured in a serum-free medium synthesize and
      secrete a trophic growth factor which resembles nerve growth factor (NGF). The
      NGF-like factor reacts with antiserum to beta subunit of NGF (beta-NGF) and,
      after labeling with [35S] cystine, migrates similarly to purified mouse beta-NGF
      in SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration
      systems. The astrocyte cell NGF-like factor displays beta-NGF-like neurite growth
      promoting activity for the clonal rat pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cell line and this
      bioactivity is blocked by beta-NGF antiserum. These results indicate that NGF
      like factor synthesized and secreted by astroglial cells, is similar, if not
      identical, to beta-NGF from the mouse submandibular gland and further support a
      potential role for NGF in the central nervous system.

PMID- 3703629
TI  - Decreased response of human milk leukocytes to chemoattractant peptides.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that neutrophils and macrophages in human milk may not
      defend by classical inflammatory mechanisms, experiments were conducted to
      ascertain whether adherence, orientation, and directed motility of these
      leukocytes would be enhanced by exposure to chemoattractant peptides including N
      formyl-L-methionyl-L-phenylalanine and N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L
      phenylalanine and C5a generated from zymosan activated human serum. Adherence and
      spatial orientation were tested on coverglasses and in Zigmond chambers, and
      chemotaxis was examined by Boyden chambers and a subagarose technique. Whereas,
      the adherence, orientation, and directed movement of adult peripheral blood
      neutrophils and monocytes were significantly enhanced by those chemotactic
      agents, human milk leukocytes failed to respond. The failure of the response of
      human milk leukocytes was not due to alterations in maternal peripheral blood
      leukocytes but appeared to be due partially to inhibitors in human milk. The
      experiments suggest that human milk leukocytes may be modified in the mammary
      gland to protect by noninflammatory mechanisms.

PMID- 3703630
TI  - The American Pediatric Society and the Society for Pediatric Research. Combined
      program and abstracts. Washington, D.C., May 5-8, 1986.

PMID- 3703631
TI  - Serum vitamin E levels in the very low birth weight infant during oral
      supplementation.
AB  - A prospective study was initiated to monitor serum tocopherol levels in all
      infants admitted to Indiana University Medical Center with birth weights less
      than 1,500 g. These infants routinely receive 100 mg/kg/d of oral vitamin E
      (Aquasol E tocopherol acetate) every six hours. Levels are determined weekly or
      semiweekly using a modification of the fluorometric method of Hanson and Warwick.
      Vitamin E dosage is adjusted regularly to achieve levels greater than or equal to
      3.5 mg/dL. During the 6 months of this study, a total of 76 patients had 567
      serum measurements. Of these, 220 levels (38%) were greater than or equal to 3.5
      mg/dL, 71 (13%) were greater than or equal to 5.5 mg/dL, and 15 (2.7%) were
      greater than 8 mg/dL. Serum tocopherol levels often (1) remained greater than or
      equal to 3.5 mg/dL for several days after oral supplementation was discontinued
      or (2) again became greater than or equal to 3.5 mg/dL on a reduced dosage of 25
      to 50 mg/kg/d. These data indicate that infants weighing less than 1,500 g at
      birth who are receiving oral vitamin E supplementation at 100 mg/kg/d will have
      varied serum levels with a significant percentage exceeding 3.5 mg/dL.

PMID- 3703632
TI  - Supplementation with human milk protein improves growth of small premature
      infants fed human milk.
AB  - We investigated the influence of human milk protein and medium-chain triglyceride
      supplementations of human milk feedings on the growth of very low birth weight
      infants during their first weeks of life. A group of 44 preterm infants with
      birth weights of less than 1,520 g and a mean gestational age of 30.3 weeks was
      randomly divided into four groups to receive plain human milk or human milk
      supplemented with human milk protein (0.9 g/dL), with medium-chain triglycerides
      (1 g/dL), or with both. The medium-chain triglyceride oil supplementation did not
      influence the growth of these infants. The infants given supplementary protein
      gained weight faster during weeks 4 to 6 than those without (18.5 +/- 0.7 v 15.1
      +/- 0.6 g/kg/d; mean +/- SEM; P = .001). After 4 weeks of age the infants given
      supplementary protein had a mean weight gain equal to the mean intrauterine rate,
      in contrast to the infants of the other groups, who grew more slowly until age 6
      weeks. Furthermore, we found a correlation between serum albumin concentration
      and weight gain during the seventh week of life (P = .018). The length growth
      velocity for the infants with protein supplementation was 0.99 +/- 0.06 cm/wk
      (mean +/- SEM) and for those without 0.83 +/- 0.05 cm/wk (P = .043). There was no
      difference in growth of head circumference between the groups. We conclude that
      human milk protein supplementation improves the growth of small premature infants
      fed human milk, and that the protein concentration of bank milk is insufficient
      for their adequate growth.

PMID- 3703633
TI  - Abnormal shoulder girdle muscle tone in premature infants during their first 18
      months of life.
AB  - To document the incidence of and neonatal factors associated with abnormal
      shoulder girdle muscle tone in premature infants at follow-up, we studied 125
      consecutively admitted infants weighing less than 1,750 g treated in The
      Children's Hospital of Philadelphia intensive care nursery and subsequently seen
      in the Neonatal Follow-up Program up to 18 months of age. Fifty-seven infants
      (46%) displayed abnormal shoulder girdle muscle tone which presented clinically
      as scapular retractions. These infants had significantly lower birth weights (P
      less than .001) and gestational age (P less than .001) as well as a higher
      incidence of acute and chronic pulmonary disease (P less than 0.01) and CNS
      insults (P less than .05) when compared with infants without scapular
      retractions. The 57 infants with scapular retractions were further divided into
      two groups: 42 infants (74%) in whom scapular retractions were associated with
      generalized mild hypertonicity and 15 infants (26%) in whom scapular retractions
      compensated for trunk and neck hypotonicity. The infants with scapular
      retractions and hypotonicity had a significantly higher incidence of neonatal
      neurologic morbidity including seizures, major resuscitations, and birth asphyxia
      (P less than .01) when compared with the infants with scapular retractions and
      hypertonicity. Shoulder girdle tone abnormalities in the first year of life
      inhibit crawling, sitting, and object manipulation and, therefore, may manifest
      as delays in motor development. Identification of infants with significant
      neonatal risk factors for tone abnormalities is important to allow for earlier
      therapeutic intervention.

PMID- 3703634
TI  - Bicycle helmet use by children.
AB  - Children are the most frequent victims of bicycling accidents. Among fatal
      accidents, head injury is the most common cause of death. Because bicycling
      helmets may reduce the risk of serious head injury, this study was undertaken to
      determine the frequency with which children and adolescents in various age groups
      use bicycle helmets. Students were observed arriving at four elementary schools,
      three junior high schools, three senior high schools, and one university campus.
      The number of students riding bicycles and the percentage wearing helmets were
      noted. Of 108 elementary schools bicyclists, only two (1.85%) wore helmets. None
      of 103 junior high bicyclists and only two of 107 (1.86%) senior high bicyclists
      wore helmets. Ten percent (15/150) of university bicyclists wore helmets; this is
      a significantly higher rate than in the other age groups (chi 2 = 10.27, P less
      than .01). The failure of school-aged children to wear bicycling helmets
      represents a potentially serious health hazard. Pediatricians and family
      physicians have a unique opportunity to provide education to families and
      communities about the importance of using helmets.

PMID- 3703635
TI  - Life insurance for children with cardiovascular disease.
AB  - To determine the life insurability of young people with cardiovascular disease,
      we sent questionnaires to 99 life insurance companies concerning 18 congenital
      defects, rheumatic heart disease, and four dysrhythmias. We received 50 responses
      (50%) from companies whose sales make up 41% of the life insurance market. The
      concensus of insurability for the defects listed was: standard rates--mild
      pulmonic stenosis, rheumatic fever without carditis, mitral valve prolapse
      without regugitation, and the following postoperative lesions: patent ductus
      arteriosus, atrial septal defect, pulmonic stenosis, ventricular septal defect;
      uninsurable--most unoperated lesions, postoperative lesions with complex
      dysrrhythmias, severe aortic insufficiency, idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic
      stenosis, Ebstein's anomaly, truncus arteriosus, tricuspid atresia; insurable at
      increased rates--most other defects, including dextrotransposition of the great
      vessels, postoperative aortic stenosis, mild aortic insufficiency, postoperative
      coarctation of aorta, postoperative tetralogy of Fallot, and small ventricular
      septal defect. We conclude that life insurance is available to many children with
      cardiovascular disease, including most postoperative patients. Whether the
      increased rates requested for some defects are prohibitive is a matter to be
      decided by each family.

PMID- 3703636
TI  - Ventilatory patterns during hypoxia, hypercapnia, and exercise in adolescents
      with mild scoliosis.
AB  - Adolescents with mild, asymptomatic scoliosis (thoracic curvature less than 35
      degrees) may have little or no impairment of resting lung volumes. Progression to
      more severe disease may, however, be accompanied by lung restriction, impaired
      exercise tolerance, and respiratory failure with CO2 retention. We wished to see
      whether adolescents with mild scoliosis and minimally abnormal resting pulmonary
      mechanics had impairment of their responses to hypercapnia, hypoxia, and
      progressive cycle exercise. Forty-four adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis were
      studied. The mean forced vital capacity (FVC), expressed as a percentage of the
      predicted value, was 94.3 +/- 2.2 (SE). The mean ventilatory response to
      hypercapnia (2.57 +/- 0.24 L/min/mm Hg) was within the normal range but was
      achieved with a tidal volume response (1.87 +/- .17% vital capacity [VC]/mm Hg)
      that was significantly lower than that previously reported in healthy young
      adults. Ventilatory responses to exercise were also within the normal range, the
      mean dyspnea index (VE-max/maximal voluntary ventilation) = 0.92 +/- 0.04.
      However, at a ventilation of 30 L/min, the tidal volume was 0.38 +/- 0.01% FVC,
      which was considerably lower than predicted. The tidal volume response to hypoxia
      was also abnormally low, the mean response being 0.52 +/- 0.059% VC/% decrease in
      arterial O2 saturation. These findings indicated that, even when scoliosis is
      asymptomatic and associated with minimal impairment of resting pulmonary
      function, abnormal patterns of ventilation occur during exercise or in response
      to chemical stimuli.

PMID- 3703637
TI  - Amiodarone therapy effects on childhood thyroid function.
AB  - Thyroid function was systematically evaluated in 15 consecutive children (mean
      age 13.7 years, range 0.5 to 19.5 years) before and serially during treatment
      with amiodarone (Cordarone), a potent antiarrhythmic agent. Amiodarone is known
      to affect thyroid homeostasis by competitive inhibition of 5'-monodeiodinase,
      which converts L-thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) and reverse T3 (rT3) to
      3,3'-diodothyronine (T2), and also by the direct effects of its high iodine
      content (37% by weight). Clinical and/or biochemical evidence of hypothyroidism
      occurred in three patients, two of whom required treatment with L-thyroxine. An
      additional patient had persistent hyperthyroxinemia but no clinical evidence of
      hyperthyroidism. Results from the patients who remained euthyroid showed
      characteristic alterations in serum thyroid function tests. These included
      significant increases in serum T4, rT3, basal thyroid-stimulating hormone and
      thyroid-stimulating hormone response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone testing.
      These changes were considered to be compensatory adjustments by the pituitary
      thyroid axis to competitive inhibition of 5'-monodeiodinase by the amiodarone.
      Routine screening of thyroid function is needed to allow early detection of
      hypothyroidism when these compensations fail to occur.

PMID- 3703638
TI  - Childhood homicide in Erie County, New York.
AB  - Childhood homicide during 1972 to 1984 constituted 7.6% of the total homicides in
      Erie County, NY, a relatively higher percentage than that for the United States
      as a whole. The age-specific rate for black children less than four years of age
      was 17.9 per 100,000, a rate higher than that for Northern Ireland. Areas in
      which childhood homicide occurred most frequently were characterized by poverty
      and unemployment. The most common cause of death was a blunt trauma. Most
      homicides occurred on a Saturday and during spring and fall. In most cases, the
      offender was the child's mother. Most homicides occurred in the bedroom.

PMID- 3703639
TI  - Central nervous system involvement in cat scratch disease.
AB  - Cat scratch disease is a cause of benign regional adenopathy which is rarely
      associated with CNS complications. Two children with cat scratch disease
      associated with alterations of mental status and convulsions are presented. One
      patient had a focal cerebral abnormality on neurologic examination, EEG, and
      computed axial tomography. The spectrum of CNS involvement is reviewed for this
      usually benign disease. Prognosis is generally excellent. The pathogenesis of the
      CNS complications has not been elucidated.

PMID- 3703640
TI  - Psychologic adjustment of the family with a member who has cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Seventy-eight percent of the 384 patients 2 years of age and older who were
      enrolled in the Cystic Fibrosis Clinic at the Hospital for Sick Children
      participated in this study of family adjustment to cystic fibrosis. Residence
      with at least one parent at the time of the survey was a condition for inclusion
      in the study. The effect of the disease on the family was assessed using three
      questionnaires: an inventory of family problems as perceived by the parents and
      two standardized measures of family interaction. Measures of behavior and self
      concept in each patient and sibling, physical disease parameters for each
      patient, and demographic characteristics of the families were examined and
      analyzed in relation to the responses to the questionnaires on family
      interaction. Families of patients with cystic fibrosis were found to function
      very well, with normal mean scores on both standardized profiles. Children with
      cystic fibrosis showed more behavior problems than expected from the test norms,
      and healthy siblings of children with cystic fibrosis had behavior problem scores
      midway between those with the disease and norm scores. Measures of self-concept
      were remarkably similar for patients and siblings and showed levels at or above
      those for children and young adults in the general population. Parents
      psychosocial scores were influenced by the patients' physical parameters, but the
      severity of the disease generally was unrelated to psychosocial scores of
      patients and siblings. A notable exception was the correlation of emotional
      disturbance with amount of hospitalization in patients older than 12 years of
      age.

PMID- 3703641
TI  - American Academy of Pediatrics. Involuntary smoking--a hazard to children.
      Committee on Environmental Hazards.

PMID- 3703642
TI  - American Academy of Pediatrics. Fluoride supplementation. Committee on Nutrition.
AB  - This statement reviews the rationale for the use of fluoride supplements for
      infants and children. The concept of fluoridation of water supplies as an
      effective and cost-beneficial method of reducing caries prevalence in the general
      population is strongly supported. In the absence of an adequately fluoridated
      water supply, fluoride supplements should be given to all children. This should
      begin at about 2 weeks of age; the dosage will depend on the concentration of
      fluoride in the local water supply. Fluoride-containing dentifrices are an
      important source of topical fluoride, but it is essential that parents be aware
      of the danger of excessive fluoride intake and that they teach their children to
      avoid swallowing toothpaste.

PMID- 3703643
TI  - Charcoal burns.

PMID- 3703644
TI  - Prevention of intraventricular hemorrhage with phenobarbital therapy: now what?

PMID- 3703645
TI  - Handguns: risks versus benefits.

PMID- 3703646
TI  - Intramuscular penicillin.

PMID- 3703647
TI  - Farm accidents.

PMID- 3703648
TI  - Dangers of chicken soup.

PMID- 3703649
TI  - An unusual ocular finding associated with chromosome 1q deletion syndrome.

PMID- 3703650
TI  - Fresh frozen plasma partial exchange transfusion and necrotizing enterocolitis.

PMID- 3703651
TI  - Vitamin E: what should we do?

PMID- 3703652
TI  - Light and transcutaneous PO2 device = problem?

PMID- 3703653
TI  - College measles.

PMID- 3703654
TI  - Measles elimination.

PMID- 3703655
TI  - Will neonatology vanish in 1995?

PMID- 3703656
TI  - Anisotropic responses to motion toward and away from the eye.

PMID- 3703657
TI  - Oral perception of the temperature of liquids.

PMID- 3703658
TI  - The effects of ingested alcohol on accommodative, fusional, and dark vergence.

PMID- 3703659
TI  - Visual texture segregation based on orientation and hue.

PMID- 3703660
TI  - Perceived orientation, motion, and configuration of the body during viewing of an
      off-vertical, rotating surface.

PMID- 3703661
TI  - Eye-movement control in visual search: how direct is visual span control?

PMID- 3703662
TI  - Dichoptic temporal frequency differences do not lead to binocular rivalry.

PMID- 3703663
TI  - Moon illusions redescribed.

PMID- 3703664
TI  - Scaling loudness over short ranges: a reply to Poulton.

PMID- 3703665
TI  - On the perceived unitization of repetitive auditory patterns.

PMID- 3703666
TI  - [Clinical research on high-dose-rate intracavitary irradiation as a primary
      treatment of esophageal carcinoma].

PMID- 3703667
TI  - [Three-dimensional reconstruction of computed tomographic images by a computer
      graphics method].

PMID- 3703668
TI  - [Analysis of tumor-like shadows on abdominal plain X-ray films--comparison of
      computed tomography and abdominal plain X-rayilm in 400 cases].

PMID- 3703669
TI  - [Inhalation anesthesia in veterinary practice].

PMID- 3703670
TI  - XO syndrome in the mare.
AB  - Only one X chromosome was found in each of the lymphocyte metaphases studied in
      an infertile mare. Karyotype analysis was made with the CBG and GTG banding
      techniques. The most obvious clinical abnormality was gonadal hypoplasia.

PMID- 3703671
TI  - [Trembling in slaughtering pigs--an analysis of Swedish swine stock monitoring].
AB  - The incidence of trembling symptoms among pigs in the Swedish pig progeny testing
      scheme was highest among Land-race pigs (11%), Tab. I). Yorkshire, Hampshire and
      Duroc pigs had an incidence below 1%. Data on the incidence of trembling symptoms
      among 1716 adolescent Land-race pigs from one Swedish pig progeny testing station
      were analysed. The results showed no statistically significant difference in
      occurrence between sexes. According to Table II there were some phenotypic
      relationships between trembling and production traits. Pigs with trembling
      symptoms showed a higher daily gain as piglets, had a longer carcass and more
      lean in the carcass than non-trembling pigs. The heritability for trembling
      symptoms was estimated to be around 0.4.

PMID- 3703672
TI  - Nutritional muscular degeneration in young heifers.
AB  - Young heifers with nutritional muscular degeneration had relatively low serum
      tocopherol values despite being on pasture which contained high levels of vitamin
      E. One possible explanation may be that vitamin E was destroyed within the rumen,
      another that the clinical symptoms arose very soon after turning out the animals.

PMID- 3703673
TI  - A field study comparing a pregrazing treatment with the morantel sustained
      release bolus with a strategic deworming program in first year grazing cattle.
AB  - A field trial was designed to compare the efficacy of a pregrazing treatment with
      a morantel sustained release bolus and two strategic treatments of levamisole in
      the prevention and control of gastrointestinal parasitism in first year grazing
      cattle. The infection of calves, pasture contamination and the subsequent effects
      on performance were recorded.

PMID- 3703674
TI  - Permanent attachment of replication origins to the nuclear matrix in BHK-cells.
AB  - The position of replication origins and replication forks relative to the nuclear
      matrix was analysed by autoradiography. Analysis of 2M NaCl-extracted extracted
      BHK-nuclei, prepared on coverslips, showed that after brief pulses grains were
      exclusively found over the central core of the residual nuclei, which corresponds
      to positions in the nuclear matrix. In asynchronous cells these grains were found
      to migrate into the DNA-halo surrounding the matrix during a subsequent chase.
      When the pulse had been administered to synchronous cells at the onset of S
      phase, it was observed, however, that in the majority of the structures no such
      migration had occurred. From this, and from the fact that label incorporated
      later in S-phase could be chased into the halo, we conclude that, contrary to DNA
      in replication forks, DNA containing replication origins is permanently attached
      to the nuclear matrix.

PMID- 3703675
TI  - Alpha-thalassemia due to the deletion of nucleotides -2 and -3 preceding the AUG
      initiation codon affects translation efficiency both in vitro and in vivo.
AB  - We previously hypothesized that a 2 nucleotide deletion, causing a A-greater than
      C change at position -3 preceding the ATG initiation codon of alpha globin gene,
      reduced translation efficiency of alpha globin mRNA and was responsible for a
      form of alpha + thalassemia displayed by an Algerian patient. We presently show
      that this deletion leads to a 30-45% reduction in translation efficiency of
      synthetic alpha globin mRNA in rabbit reticulocyte lysate. In other experiments,
      we constructed alpha/G gamma hybrid globin genes in which the 3' end of normal or
      mutated alpha globin genes downstream to the ATG initiation codon was substituted
      by the 3' part of a G gamma globin gene. COS cells transfected with either of
      these 2 hybrid genes were shown to synthesize a similar amount of alpha/G gamma
      hybrid mRNAs but 50% less G gamma globin when transfected with the alpha/G gamma
      hybrid gene carrying the deletion. These results definitively establish that the
      2 nucleotide deletion reduces translation efficiency by 30-50%. This contrasts
      with the 93% reduction induced by a similar A-greater than C change at position 
      3 in the different nucleotide context preceding the ATG codon of the rat
      preproinsulin gene.

PMID- 3703676
TI  - Effect of trypsinization and histone H5 addition on DNA twist and topology in
      reconstituted minichromosomes.
AB  - Free DNA in solution exhibits an untwisting of the double helix with increasing
      temperature. We have shown previously that when DNA is reconstituted with
      histones to form nucleosome core particles, both the core DNA and the adjacent
      linker DNA are constrained from thermal untwisting. The origin of this constraint
      is unknown. Here we examine the effect of two modifications of nucleosome
      structure on the constraint against thermal untwisting, and also on DNA topology.
      In one experiment, we removed the highly positively charged histone amino and
      carboxy termini by trypsinization. Alternatively, we added histone H5, a histone
      H1 variant from chick erythrocytes. Neither of these modifications had any major
      effect on DNA topology or twist in the nucleosome.

PMID- 3703677
TI  - Isolation of oligonucleosomes from active chromatin using HMG17-specific
      monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - We report the preparation of HMG17-containing oligonucleosomes from chicken
      embryos and from liver and oviduct of laying hens. Monoclonal antibodies against
      HMG17 were used for their isolation. An unusual size distribution with respect to
      their repeat number was observed. The oligonucleosomes of repeat number up to N6
      were highly enriched for DNA of the vitellogenin II gene (liver) and for DNA of
      the ovalbumin and lysozyme genes (oviduct).

PMID- 3703678
TI  - A study of the thermal stability of the Z form of (m5dC-dG)3 by resonance Raman
      spectroscopy.
AB  - The thermal stability of the hexanucleoside pentaphosphate m5dCpdGpm5dCpdGpm5
      dCpdG has been studied by resonance Raman spectroscopy with 257 nm excitation
      wavelength. At low temperature and in 3M NaClO4, the Raman spectrum resembles
      that of poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) in the Z conformation. As the temperature is
      increased, the position and the intensity of several bands (1312 cm-1, 1482 cm-1,
      1584 cm-1 and 1632 cm-1) are modified. The variation of intensity versus
      temperature is biphasic. Analysis of the results suggests that the increase of
      temperature induces first a transition from the Z form to an intermediate stable
      form which then melts. These results and those previously obtained by circular
      dichroism and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance suggest that the intermediate form
      belongs to the left family but with changes in the stacking of the bases and the
      geometry of the phosphate groups as compared to the canonical Z form.

PMID- 3703679
TI  - Modified polynucleotides. VII. Impaired integrity of a synthetic DNA containing
      the antiherpetic agent 5-isopropyl-2'-deoxyuridine.
AB  - 5-Isopropyl-2'-deoxyuridine (ip5dU) was recently recognized as a clinically
      useful antiherpetic (HSV-1) agent. An ip5dU-containing polynucleotide, poly (dA
      dT, ip5dU) was prepared to study how physical and bio-organic properties of the
      synthetic DNA model poly (dA-dT) would change upon partial substitution of
      thymidine. Synthesis was carried out with DNA polymerase enzyme and the polymers
      contained 7-9% of ip5dU. It proved to be less thermostable than poly (dA-dT) and
      the transition width was highly increased. Although it was a very efficient
      template for DNA polymerase enzyme, template activity for RNA synthesis was
      strongly reduced by the presence of ip5dU. Diminished stability against enzymic
      degradation, especially against single-strand-specific Nuclease S1 was also
      observed.

PMID- 3703680
TI  - Effects of pendant groups at phosphorus on binding properties of d-ApA analogues.
AB  - The interaction of several synthetic analogues of d-ApA with Poly U and Poly dT
      was examined to explore the effects of substituents at phosphorus on binding
      properties of oligonucleotides. These analogues contained a bulky, lipophilic
      group (2,2,2-trichloroethoxy or 2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethoxy) a small,
      uncharged hydrogen-bonding group (amido), or a cationic phosphoramidate (2
      aminoethylamido, protonated in neutral aqueous media) in place of the anionic
      oxygen of the internucleotide phosphate. As determined by "melting curves" each
      formed a complex with Poly U more stable than the Poly U.d-ApA complex. Binding
      to Poly dT was comparable or in some cases stronger. Checks on composition
      (mixing curves) revealed the expected stoichiometry of ldA:2U (or 2dT).
      Stereochemistry at phosphorus influenced stability of the complexes, but the
      effect was not a major one. These results suggest that oligonucleotides
      containing large, lipophilic groups, as well as small non-ionic groups (e.g., the
      methyl phosphonates) or polar groups, could be useful as probes in hybridization
      experiments.

PMID- 3703681
TI  - Interaction of transition metal ions with Z form poly d(A-C).poly d(G-T) and poly
      d(A-T) studied by I.R. spectroscopy.
AB  - Interactions between Ni2+, Co2+ and purine bases have been studied by I.R.
      spectroscopy in the case of double stranded regularly alternating purine
      pyrimidine polynucleotides poly d(A-T), poly d(A-C).poly d(G-T) and poly d(G-C).
      The spectra of polynucleotide films have been recorded in hydration and salt
      content conditions which correspond to the obtention of the classical right
      handed (A,B) and left-handed (Z) helical conformations. Selective deuteration of
      the 8C site of purines has been obtained and is used to detect interactions
      between the transition metal ions and the adenine or guanine bases. The spectral
      region between 1500 and 1250 cm-1 corresponding to base in-plane vibrations and
      involving also the glycosidic linkage torsion is discussed in detail. The
      selective interaction between the transition metal ion and the 7N site of the
      purine base is considered to be partly responsible for the stabilization of the
      base in a syn conformation, which favours the adoption by the polynucleotide
      (poly d(G-C), poly d(A-C).poly d(G-T) or poly d(A-T)) of a Z type conformation.

PMID- 3703682
TI  - The low ionic strength form of the sodium salt of poly(dm5C-dG) is a B DNA.
AB  - The low-salt Z form of poly(dm5C-dG) reported in the literature was shown to be
      due to minute amounts of bivalent cations. If the polymer was purified by
      dialysis against 1 mM EDTA, poly(dm5C-dG) showed the normal B form. No change in
      this B form was observed up to 0.8 M NaCl. Very small amounts of Mg2+ or Ca2+
      (10(-6) to 10(-5) M) induced the characteristic Z form CD spectrum, which could
      easily and rapidly be reverted to B-DNA by addition of EDTA.

PMID- 3703684
TI  - Codon usage tabulated from the GenBank genetic sequence data.

PMID- 3703683
TI  - Compilation analysis of histones and histone genes.

PMID- 3703685
TI  - Vitamin E stimulates proliferation of experimental oral carcinoma cells in vitro.
AB  - Vitamin E was found to have a stimulatory effect on the growth in culture of an
      epidermoid carcinoma cell line derived from chemically induced tumors of hamster
      buccal pouch. This effect was found to be dose related, with a maximum
      stimulatory effect at 10 microM. At a concentration of 100 microM, there was an
      inhibitory effect on both cell turnover and colony formation.

PMID- 3703686
TI  - Effect of colon tumor development and dietary fat on the immune system of rats
      treated with DMH.
AB  - We examined the effect of dietary fat and colon tumorigenesis on the morphology
      and function of the rat mesenteric lymph node (MLN) and spleen at two stages of
      tumor development. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed semipurified diets of
      varying fat content (5% mixed fat, 24% beef fat, 24% corn oil, or 24% Crisco) and
      treated for five weeks with either the colon carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine
      (DMH) or the vehicle (saline). Animals consuming high-fat diets had an increased
      incidence of splenic follicular and germinal center hyperplasia. Carcinogen
      treatment had no significant effect on the histological morphology of the spleen.
      MLN morphology was not dramatically affected by either diet or DMH treatment. At
      this time period, the splenic lymphocyte transformation response induced by
      concanavalin A (Con A), phytohemagglutinin, or pokeweed mitogen was significantly
      depressed in the group fed 24% corn oil (vehicle-treated) and in the DMH-treated
      groups fed 5% fat compared with the vehicle-treated group fed 5% fat. In
      contrast, the MLN transformation response was elevated in the group fed 24%
      Crisco. DMH treatment did not significantly influence the MLN response. Four
      months after carcinogen or vehicle treatment, at the point of colon tumor
      development, no statistically significant differences were seen in the splenic or
      MLN blastogenic responses of DMH- or saline-treated animals. Splenic natural
      killer cell cytotoxic activity was also not significantly affected by dietary
      fat, carcinogen treatment, or tumor development.

PMID- 3703687
TI  - The failure of long-term feeding of raw soy flour, in the presence or absence of
      azaserine, to induce carcinogenic changes in the mouse pancreas.
AB  - The effects of feeding mice raw or heated soy flours or casein in the presence
      and absence of injected azaserine were investigated over a period of 18 months.
      Although the feeding of raw soy flour (compared with heated soy flour or casein)
      caused a significant inhibition of growth and an enlargement of the pancreas,
      there was no macroscopic evidence of pancreatic nodules in any of the six
      experimental groups. Microscopic examination of the pancreas revealed a somewhat
      higher (not significant) incidence of atypical acinar cell nodules in all animals
      injected with azaserine, but this difference was little influenced by the diets
      themselves. We concluded that raw soy flour itself has no carcinogenic effect on
      the mouse pancreas and does not enhance the sensitivity of the mouse pancreas to
      azaserine. Thus, it cannot be assumed that the appearance of pancreatic nodules
      constitutes an obligatory sequela of pancreatic hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia in
      all species of animals.

PMID- 3703688
TI  - Effect of dietary fat levels on the susceptibility of colonic cells to nuclear
      damaging agents.
AB  - The effect of two levels and types of dietary fats on the susceptibility of
      colonic cells to the nuclear-damaging effect of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine
      dihydrochloride (DMH), 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline (MeIQ), and
      gamma-radiation was investigated. Corn oil and beef tallow were added to the
      semisynthetic diet at 5% and 20% levels (weight/weight). A diet-related effect
      was not evident until after two weeks of feeding. Animals (C57BL/6J female mice)
      that were given the 20% corn oil or beef tallow diets had significantly (p less
      than 0.05) more nuclear aberrations in their colons 24 hours following treatment
      with DMH (5 mg or 10 mg/kg body wt or MeIQ (100 mg/kg body weight) than did those
      given low-fat diets (5% corn oil or beef tallow). The nuclear-damaging effect of
      gamma radiation was unaffected by dietary treatments. A high-fat diet had the
      most pronounced effect on DMH-treated animals, and maximum nuclear aberrations
      were observed 24 hours following the treatment. Thus, we concluded that increased
      levels of dietary fats elevate the toxicity of DMH and MeIQ to colonic epithelial
      cells.

PMID- 3703689
TI  - Venous blood flow in the leg after ligation of the femoral vein during cardiac
      catheterization in young children.
AB  - In the period from 1963 to 1973, 143 heart catheterizations were carried out in
      children under two years of age. In 33 patients, the femoral vein was exposed by
      cutdown and ligated afterward. Ten of these patients (the other 23 having died in
      the intervening years) were available for follow-up and the venous outflow of the
      lower extremities was studied. Nine of the ten patients showed no abnormality,
      but one patient had developed varicose veins. In this patient, plethysmography
      showed reduced venous outflow, and phlebography showed narrowing of the common
      femoral vein at the site of earlier ligation, indicating recanalization. It is
      concluded that, if the femoral vein must be used, careful dissection is necessary
      to secure the bifurcation of the femoral vein and avoid ligation of the common
      femoral vein.

PMID- 3703690
TI  - Ventricular inversion and tricuspid atresia (VITA complex): long survival without
      surgical treatment.
AB  - Five patients with ventricular inversion, corrected transposition of the great
      arteries, and atresia of the left-sided atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve have
      been observed. Three patients died in infancy, two had large interatrial
      communications, one with an early stage of arterial-type hypertensive pulmonary
      vascular disease, and the third patient had a very small interatrial
      communication and severe cyanosis. The other two patients survived into
      adulthood; both had small interatrial communications, and one had severe venous
      type hypertensive pulmonary vascular disease. The longer survival of the two
      patients is attributed to a balance between resistance and blood flow in the
      pulmonary circulation influenced by the size of the interatrial communication.

PMID- 3703691
TI  - Contrast echocardiography in the diagnosis of anomalous left coronary artery
      arising from the pulmonary artery.
AB  - We have demonstrated an anomalous left coronary artery originating from the main
      pulmonary artery by saline contrast echocardiography. The anomalous vessel was
      easily identified using contrast injections into the ascending aorta at
      catheterization and into a radial artery cannula following catheterization.
      Contrast echocardiography may be useful in the diagnosis of this lesion when two
      dimensional and Doppler echocardiography fail to show the anomalous vessel.

PMID- 3703692
TI  - Drainage of the inferior vena cava to the left atrium.

PMID- 3703693
TI  - Diagnostic features and pitfalls in the two-dimensional echocardiographic
      evaluation of a child with cor triatriatum.
AB  - Two-dimensional echocardiography has been successfully used to diagnose cor
      triatriatum in adults and children, and surgical referral of these patients has
      been undertaken without preceding cardiac catheterization and angiography. A
      child with cor triatriatum demonstrated by two-dimensional echocardiography was
      directly referred for surgical resection. Despite thorough preoperative
      echocardiographic examination and direct intraoperative inspection of the
      posterior left atrial chamber, partial anomalous right pulmonary venous drainage
      was not diagnosed until the postoperative period. The failure to detect this
      uncommon associated anomaly underscores the limitations of relying on two
      dimensional echocardiography as the sole preoperative method of evaluation.

PMID- 3703694
TI  - Double mitral valve orifice.
AB  - A two-day-old baby with a type-I truncus arteriosus and double mitral valve
      orifice is reported. The double mitral valve orifice and additional lesions of
      each subdivision of the mitral valve were clearly shown by two-dimensional
      echocardiography. The medial orifice had a cleft leaflet and the lateral one a
      parachute-like disposition of the tension apparatus. This is the first report of
      double mitral valve orifice associated with truncus arteriosus, and the first in
      which anomalies of the subdivisions of the mitral valve were detected by two
      dimensional echocardiography.

PMID- 3703695
TI  - Myocardial infarction in a neonate with cyanotic congenital heart disease.

PMID- 3703696
TI  - Diagnosis of intrapericardial tumor in an infant by two-dimensional
      echocardiography.
AB  - Two-dimensional echocardiography is a useful noninvasive tool for diagnosing
      intrapericardial tumors as a cause of respiratory distress or abnormal
      cardiomediastinal shadow on chest x-ray. Early recognition of these tumors within
      the pericardium is important since surgical removal is often curative. Cardiac
      cineangiography is unnecessary to delineate further the tumor and should be
      reserved for those in which associated intracardiac defects are suspected.

PMID- 3703697
TI  - Development of aortic aneurysms in familial supravalvar aortic stenosis.
AB  - In a male patient with supravalvar aortic stenosis (SAS) and peripheral pulmonary
      arterial stenoses, aortic aneurysms developed between his first and fourth years
      of life. He died five days after correction of SAS and resection of aneurysms.
      Histologic examination revealed disarrangement as well as severe degeneration of
      elastic fibers in the aortic wall. This tissue defect is probably inherited
      through an autosomal dominant mechanism. It may lead to aneurysm formation. Only
      one case of SAS with aortic aneurysm has been previously reported.

PMID- 3703698
TI  - Postexercise ventricular tachycardia in children.

PMID- 3703699
TI  - PUVA responses in skin disease--the lack of known target sites.

PMID- 3703700
TI  - Effects of sunlight exposure on Langerhans cells and melanocytes in human
      epidermis.
AB  - The effects of 12 daily, half-hour exposures to sunlight on epidermal Langerhans
      cells (LC), and melanocytes were studied in 31 healthy volunteers. Nineteen were
      of Celtic and 12 of mixed European descent. Sunlight appeared to have both a
      direct, transient, detrimental effect and an indirect stimulating effect on the
      LC, and a direct and an indirect stimulating effect on the melanocytes. The mixed
      Europeans had a somewhat greater increase in the melanocyte population density
      following exposure to sunlight than the Celts. However, the number of LC fell
      following sunlight exposure regardless of the melanocyte response. Thus the
      melanocytes did not appear to provide the LC with immediate protection from
      ultraviolet light.

PMID- 3703701
TI  - Polymorphous light eruption: the properties of a UVA-induced PLME patient group.
AB  - Experimental induction of PLME lesions in 22 patients, using a pure, high
      intensity UVA light source is reported. Fourteen patients had a reduced MED value
      for either UVB (11 patients) and/or UVA (7 patients). The UVA-SUN 2000 dose
      required to provoke a positive PLME reaction varied from 26 to 104 J/cm2. The
      small papular PMLE-type patients were shown to be more photosensitive and the UVA
      provocation doses required exceeded 50 J/cm2 in 20/22 patients. Lesional
      immunoglobulin deposition along the BMZ was seen in 3 patients while lesional BMZ
      complement deposits occurred in 9/15 patients, 2 of whom had similar findings in
      the dermal capillaries. Complement deposition occurred in non-irradiated control
      sites in 4 patients. The immunohistologic findings, for reasons given, fail to
      support the hypothesis of an immune cell-mediated response as the primary event
      in the pathogenesis of PMLE.

PMID- 3703702
TI  - Ultraviolet radiation and chemical requirements for experimental contact
      photosensitivity.
AB  - Contact photosensitivity to tetrachlorsalicylanilide was induced in albino guinea
      pigs. For the induction process, different types of ultraviolet radiation were
      employed and the effect of different doses of chemical was measured. Dose
      responses for ultraviolet radiation and chemical were determined for the
      production of positive photopatch tests in photosensitized animals. Successful
      contact photosensitivity was achieved when UVA alone was used for induction.
      Contrary to previously published reports, we found that UVB, chemical or physical
      irritation or immune potentiation were not required. In order to detect all
      photosensitized animals 0.1 ml of 1% TCSA and 1.65 J/cm2 of UVA were required to
      produce positive photopatch tests.

PMID- 3703703
TI  - The incidence of PUVA lentigines.

PMID- 3703704
TI  - Immunological aspects of prophylactic UVB and PUVA therapy in polymorphic light
      eruption.

PMID- 3703705
TI  - Allergy and photoallergy to frullania.

PMID- 3703706
TI  - Increased penetration of epidermis by high intensity ultraviolet rays following
      the application of vaseline oil.

PMID- 3703707
TI  - Influence of formulation on sunscreen water resistance.

PMID- 3703708
TI  - PUVA treatment of dermatitis herpetiformis.

PMID- 3703709
TI  - In vitro evaluation of the photoprotective efficacy of sunscreens against DNA
      damage by UVB.

PMID- 3703710
TI  - Method of sensitization determines if UVB irradiation inhibits the development of
      delayed type hypersensitivity to nickel in guinea pigs.

PMID- 3703711
TI  - Are the protection factors assigned to proprietory sunscreen products misleading?

PMID- 3703712
TI  - Night and day solar UVB and UVA radiation in areas with midnight sun at 70
      degrees and 78 degrees north.

PMID- 3703713
TI  - Hydroa vacciniforme: major and minor forms.

PMID- 3703714
TI  - Successful PUVA-treatment for musk ambrette-induced persistent light reaction.

PMID- 3703715
TI  - Treatment of chronic hepatic porphyria (PCT).
AB  - PCT, though largely genetically determined, can nevertheless be favorably
      influenced by several therapeutic methods and prolonged clinical and laboratory
      remission can be achieved. Two effective and reliable methods exist - repeated
      phlebotomy therapy and prolonged low-dose chloroquine. Although the exact
      mechanism underlying serial phlebotomy is not yet known, this therapy seems to be
      the most successful at present; it does not provoke serious adverse side effects,
      and extended remission after only one course can be expected. Chloroquine, about
      as effective in PCT, can cause acute toxic reactions at the beginning of its
      administration. However, when this occurs treatment need not be discontinued as
      no permanent ill-effects result. Both kinds of therapy can be used in the same
      patient consecutively. Although the data are sparse, a favorable effect of
      hydroxychloroquine has been noted. It can rapidly normalize urinary excretion of
      porphyrins in relapsing cases. The results of other methods hitherto recommended
      (i.e., chelators, AMP, desferrioxamine, metabolic alkalinization, plasmapheresis,
      etc.) have not been sufficiently evaluated either with regard to effectiveness or
      side effects. The use of some of these has already been abandoned.

PMID- 3703716
TI  - Relative ultraviolet spectral intensity of direct solar radiation, sky radiation
      and surface reflections. Relative contribution of natural sources to the outdoor
      UV irradiation of man.
AB  - Relative measurements of UVA and UVB radiation from the sun and the sky, as well
      as the reflected intensity from various land and water surfaces, have been
      carried out in the Copenhagen area. The measurements were taken in January and in
      the period April through July and supplemented by measurements in Greenland
      during May. Likewise, the angular distribution of direct solar radiation and sky
      radiation close to the direction of the sun was measured with a 0.5 degree field
      of view. Absolute UV irradiances were measured with detector-filter combinations.
      Calculations of the relative contributions of direct solar radiation, sky
      radiation and reflected radiation to the irradiation of a standing person show,
      in particular, that if seawater with waves is the surrounding scene, its
      reflected radiation will account for more than 10% of the received UV dose.

PMID- 3703717
TI  - Depletion of histidine and tryptophan serum levels in porphyria cutanea tarda and
      congenital erythropoietic porphyria patients after irradiation with visible
      light.
AB  - We have studied the photosensitized oxidation, via singlet oxygen production, of
      histidine (His) and tryptophan (Trp) in the serum of porphyria patients and in
      the serum of healthy volunteers before or after addition of hematoporphyrin. It
      was observed that free plasma His and Trp are good probes of singlet oxygen
      production in the blood under visible light irradiation. However, Trp, which is
      mostly bound to serum albumin, is much less susceptible to photooxidation than
      His, which remains free in the plasma. These results must not be ignored in
      systemic effects of porphyrias and in photochemotherapy with hematoporphyrin
      derivatives.

PMID- 3703719
TI  - Guidelines for the use of contingent electric shock to treat aberrant behavior.

PMID- 3703718
TI  - Urocanic acid may not be the photoreceptor for UV-induced suppression of contact
      hypersensitivity.
AB  - We have tested the hypothesis that urocanic acid is the photoreceptor molecule
      for ultraviolet radiation-induced systemic suppression of contact
      hypersensitivity in the mouse. Almost complete removal of urocanic acid by tape
      stripping of exposed skin was not associated with abrogation of immune
      suppression. This finding makes it unlikely that urocanic acid is the
      chromophore.

PMID- 3703720
TI  - Motor activity measurements and DSM-III.

PMID- 3703721
TI  - [Acetylation phenotype and its significance in allergic diseases].

PMID- 3703722
TI  - [Serotonin levels in the blood of patients with terminal renal failure].

PMID- 3703723
TI  - [Results of treatment of urethral stricture using internal optical urethrotomy].

PMID- 3703724
TI  - [Tetany caused by hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia in a 15-year-old boy on long
      term hemodialysis].

PMID- 3703725
TI  - [Use of urine tests in a rural health center].

PMID- 3703726
TI  - [Rabies vaccine].

PMID- 3703727
TI  - [A 2-layer method of culturing Trichophyton verrucosum in determining its
      sensitivity to antifungal agents].

PMID- 3703728
TI  - [Severe neurological complications after vaccination with Semple's rabies
      vaccine].

PMID- 3703729
TI  - [A case of cat-scratch disease].

PMID- 3703730
TI  - [Information with regard to the possibility of conducting serological studies of
      cosmopolitan and tropical human parasitic diseases].

PMID- 3703731
TI  - [Adaptation of the circulatory system to physical exertion in patients with
      coronary disease and in healthy persons after administration of beta
      methyldigoxin].

PMID- 3703732
TI  - [Step exercise test--our modification of the 12-minute walk test].

PMID- 3703733
TI  - [Effect of continuous, intermittent and impulse acoustic stimuli on plasma
      catecholamine levels in humans at rest and during physical exertion].

PMID- 3703734
TI  - [Echocardiographic evaluation of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: correlation between
      the results of hemodynamic and ventriculographic studies].

PMID- 3703735
TI  - [Diagnostic difficulties in changes in the circulatory system in an athlete].

PMID- 3703736
TI  - [Familial long QT syndrome].

PMID- 3703737
TI  - [Effect of long-term use of propranolol on the response to exertion in persons
      with stabilized coronary disease].

PMID- 3703738
TI  - Urinary bladder paraganglioma (U.B.P.).

PMID- 3703739
TI  - Gastric liposarcoma. A case report.
AB  - Gastric localization of a liposarcoma is exceptional. A 67 year old patient with
      repeated hematemesis was found to have an ulcer on the dorsal wall of the antrum
      on radiology. Surgery revealed an ulcerated tumour, 5 X 2 X 1.5 cm, involving the
      tunica muscularis up to the serosa. Histologic examination showed a liposarcoma
      with intricate myxomatous zones, round cells, pleomorphous clearly differentiated
      lipoblastic aspects, and haemorrhagic areas.

PMID- 3703740
TI  - Phlebolithiasis associated with intramuscular hemangioma. X-ray diffractometric,
      X-ray microanalytical and scanning electron microscopic investigations.
AB  - Phlebolithiasis associated with intramuscular hemangioma is relatively rare.
      Combined crystallographic, microanalytical and morphological studies have not
      been done before. We investigated a case of phlebolithiasis by scanning electron
      microscopy, X-ray microdiffractometry and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis.
      The calculus revealed a lamellar structure with irregular distribution of
      radipaque and radiolucent portions. The radiopaque portions contained apatite
      which could be demonstrated in prismlike as well as globular granular structures.
      In contrast to other authors, brushite was not detected by us. The radiolucent
      protions adjacent to the stone surface contained sulfur and showed undefined
      diffraction peaks supposing the presence of organic crystals. The possible milieu
      factors govering calculus formation are discussed.

PMID- 3703741
TI  - Lesions in resected lung parenchyma with regard to possible initial phase of
      pulmonary emphysema. An ultrastructural study.
AB  - Lung tissue appearing macroscopically normal and remote from pathological lesions
      was examined in semithin and ultrathin sections of surgically excised lobes or
      entire lungs of 14 patients. Thin areas and apertures were found occupying some
      of the intercapillary areas of alveolar septa. Thin areas differ from normal
      intercapillary areas both by their lesser mean thickness and structure;
      collagenous and elastic fibers, processes of fibrocytes and intercellular
      substance are absent. Either two layers or only one layer of epithelial lining
      are encountered in such thin areas. Septal apertures correspond mostly to pores
      of Kohn by their dimensions. Only some exceed these dimensions or appear in a
      higher amount per length unit of the alveolar septum. In accordance with other
      authors we believe that both the thin portions and the apertures of alveolar
      septa could represent an early phase of destruction in initial stages of
      pulmonary emphysoma. Continuous epithelial lining in two emphysematous bullae is
      presented. Structurally, the lining cells are similar to type 2 alveolar
      epithelial cells, but their bronchiolar origin also has to be considered.

PMID- 3703743
TI  - Electrophoretic marker of differentiated human prostate secretory epithelial
      cells.
AB  - Electrophoretic analysis of primordial human prostate epithelium, glandular
      secretory epithelium of prostate and other human tissues revealed a marker
      characteristic of differentiated secretory prostate cells. Being probably neither
      protein nor lipid in chemical nature, this marker reacted in a peculiar way with
      Amido Black 10B. The marker was shown to be present in prostatic secretory
      substance.

PMID- 3703742
TI  - The induction of new ductal growth in adult prostatic epithelium in response to
      an embryonic prostatic inductor.
AB  - Tissue recombinants were prepared with a single epithelial ductal tip from adult
      prostate and mesenchyme from either the embryonic urogenital sinus or adult
      urinary bladder. Recombinants were grown in vivo beneath the renal capsule of
      male hosts. After 4 weeks of in vivo growth, extensive growth of arborizing ducts
      was apparent in recombinants composed of urogenital sinus mesenchyme and a single
      adult prostatic ductal tip. One-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      indicated that these recombinants contained many of the proteins of the mature
      prostate. Heterospecific recombinants (rat urogenital sinus mesenchyme and mouse
      prostatic epithelium) showed the ductal tissue to be derived solely from the
      prostatic epithelium. In recombinants of a prostatic ductal tip with mesenchyme
      from the urinary bladder, ductal growth was absent, the ductal tip was maintained
      as a single, discrete, epithelial structure, and the protein composition of these
      recombinants more closely resembled that of the bladder. The results demonstrate
      that the epithelial cells of the adult prostate can participate in new ductal
      growth in response to an embryonic prostatic inductor. These data provide
      experimental evidence to support the hypothesis that human benign prostatic
      hyperplasia may result from the anomalous reactivation of embryonic growth
      potential in the adult prostate.

PMID- 3703744
TI  - In vitro stimulation by prostate extracts of rat ventral prostate stromal and
      epithelial cell division.
AB  - We examined the effect of prostate cell extracts on the replication of highly
      enriched rat ventral prostate stromal and epithelial cells cultured in RPMI-1640.
      Extracts from normal rat prostates completely inhibited cell division in both
      fractions, while a 10% (v/v) extract of Dunning R-3327G adenocarcinoma inhibited
      replication of stromal cells but permitted that of epithelial cells. The
      cytotoxic effect of prostate extracts was dialyzable, heat stable, unaffected by
      proteases, soluble in acid/alcohol, and insoluble in chloroform. These properties
      are consistent with those of polyamines incubated in the presence of fetal calf
      serum. Dialyzed extracts from Dunning adenocarcinomas, and from human benign
      hypertrophic and carcinomatous prostates stimulated rat prostate stromal and
      epithelial cell division, in keeping with other reports of "growth factors" in
      prostate tissue. This mitogenic activity was stable to temperature (70 degrees C,
      4 hours), and marginally if at all affected by exposure to trypsin or to pronase
      coupled to Sephadex. Short-term culture of separated prostate cells should
      provide a useful assay system for detecting putative autocrine or paracrine
      stromal and/or epithelial cell growth factors and identifying suspected homo- or
      heterotypic cellular interactions in normal and diseased prostates.

PMID- 3703745
TI  - Quantitative relationships between cytosol and nuclear estrogen and progesterone
      receptors in the R3327 prostatic carcinoma of rats treated with
      diethylstilbestrol.
AB  - Estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER, PgR) were quantitated by Scatchard
      analysis in cytosolic and nuclear extracts of R3327H prostatic carcinomas from
      rats injected with 100 micrograms diethylstilbestrol or with vehicle for 1-3
      weeks. Total tissue ER concentrations were less than 80 fm/mg DNA in control
      tumors and were not significantly higher in treated tumors: however, in the
      latter, a significantly higher proportion (73 +/- 16%) was associated with the
      nuclear fraction than in the control tumors (less than 33%). Mean PgR
      concentrations were more than seven-fold higher in treated than in control
      tumors, and approximately 25% of the total was associated with the nuclear
      fraction in both treated and control tumors, under the assay conditions used.
      There was a strong linear correlation between nuclear ER and PgR concentrations.
      These data indicate that although ER concentration in these tumors was low
      compared with that in female target organs, it was functional in its ability to
      associate with the nuclear fraction and induce synthesis of an estrogen-induced
      protein (PgR) in proportionate amounts.

PMID- 3703747
TI  - Anatomy and histology of the musk shrew (Suncus murinus) prostate.
AB  - Gross anatomy and the light and electron microscopic characteristics of the musk
      shrew (Suncus murinus, Insectivora) prostate are described. The prostate is a
      pair of compound tubuloalveolar glands with one main excretory duct for each
      gland. Each gland is divided into ventral and dorsal lobes. The tubuloalveoli are
      larger in diameter and the secretory cells are lower in the ventral than in the
      dorsal lobes. Probable spontaneous release of secretory granules and accumulation
      of secretory material in secretory lumina are only observed in the ventral lobes.
      Secretory material is often crystallized in the secretory lumina. The epithelium
      of excretory ducts consists of mucous-type secretory cells and the boundary
      between this epithelium and the glandular epithelium is complex. The glandular
      epithelium consists of secretory and clear cells. This report illustrates that
      the structure of the prostate of musk shrew is unique among mammals.

PMID- 3703746
TI  - Metastatic spread of the PAIII prostatic adenocarcinoma after implantation in the
      tail of the rat.
AB  - The spontaneous metastatic spread of a suspension of PAIII prostatic
      adenocarcinoma cells from the tail site of implantation was analyzed over a
      period of 5 weeks in male Lobund-Wistar (LW) rats. Following subcutaneous
      injection of the PAIII cells, the tumor metastasized through the primary
      lymphatic drainage. PAIII microfoci were evident in the gluteal and iliac lymph
      nodes prior to colonization of the lungs. Growth of the primary tumor was
      evidenced by significant weight differences of the tails of PAIII-bearing and
      control rats 1 week after tumor implantation. Time-dependent sequential spread of
      the adenocarcinoma was quantitated. Significant differences were noted between
      PAIII-bearing and control animals with respect to the gluteal lymph node weights
      (+2 weeks), iliac lymph node weights (+3 weeks), dry lung weights, and lung
      colony numbers (+4 weeks) after tumor implantation. During the course of these
      studies, the whole blood prothrombin, activated partial thromboplastin, and
      recalcification times for the PAIII-bearing animals were similar to those of the
      control group. These findings indicate that there were no gross changes in
      systemic blood coagulation accompanying the metastasis of PAIII cells from the
      primary tumor. The tumor in LW rats produced a consistent pattern of growth and
      metastasis that is suitable for quantitation. The PAIII prostatic adenocarcinoma
      is a sensitive and reproducible system that may be useful to evaluate potential
      antimetastatic and cytotoxic agents for the treatment of hormone-insensitive
      prostatic cancer.

PMID- 3703748
TI  - A wide range of sensitivities to androgens develops in cloned Shionogi mouse
      mammary tumor cells.
AB  - Clones obtained in soft agar from a Shionogi mouse mammary carcinoma show marked
      heterogeneity of growth characteristics and sensitivities to androgens. These
      data pertain to spontaneous growth in the absence of androgens, maximal response
      to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and Km values of the stimulatory action of DHT
      ranging from 0.008 to 10 ng/ml (1,250-fold range). Following 13 months in culture
      in the presence of 10 nM DHT, recloning of one original cell clone led to an even
      greater variation of androgen-free growth and of the maximal responses to DHT,
      while the Km values of DHT action ranged from 0.05 to 10 nM (200-fold range). The
      present demonstration of a marked heterogeneity of Km values of DHT action in
      subpopulations of tumors grown in a controlled environment has major implications
      for the efficient antihormonal treatment of androgen-sensitive diseases such as
      prostate cancer. Such data indicate that cell clones having a high degree of
      sensitivity to DHT (androgen-hypersensitive) can continue to grow in the presence
      of castration levels of androgens, thus suggesting that an antiandrogen is
      required in order to achieve a more complete androgen blockage and to induce a
      regression of these androgen-hypersensitive tumors.

PMID- 3703749
TI  - Victory over smallpox: interview with Donald A. Henderson.

PMID- 3703750
TI  - The balloon-tipped thermodilution catheter. Aspects of its clinical utility.
AB  - The balloon-tipped thermodilution catheter (BTTC) is an expensive, labor
      intensive technology that has moderate risks. The sensitivity and specificity of
      the three principal tests that it can perform have not yet been well defined for
      different patient groups. The BTTC allows the acquisition of mixed venous blood,
      from which oxygen content can be measured precisely and accurately, imprecise but
      accurate cardiac output determinations, and fairly precise but inaccurate
      pressure measurements. Its effects on morbidity and mortality in certain sets of
      patients are beginning to be defined.

PMID- 3703751
TI  - Early detection of colorectal neoplasms. Methods for screening and surveillance.

PMID- 3703752
TI  - For the one physician in four. Marshfield Clinic's novel approach to group
      practice.

PMID- 3703753
TI  - A continuum of social innovation and experimentation. Marshfield Clinic's
      development since 1916.

PMID- 3703754
TI  - Treatment of venous thromboembolic disease. A pragmatic approach to
      anticoagulation and thrombolysis.
AB  - Heparin (Lipo-Hepin, Liquaemin Sodium) and warfarin sodium (Coumadin, Panwarfin)
      are the classic anticoagulants in use for venous thromboembolic disease. They
      work by modifying the coagulation mechanism, heparin having an immediate effect
      and warfarin having a more delayed effect. The most common adverse effects of
      anticoagulation therapy are hemorrhagic complications. Thrombolytic therapy
      should be considered in all patients with massive pulmonary embolism with
      hypotension and in patients with deep venous thrombosis in the popliteal area or
      higher. Such therapy has been shown to help preserve the pulmonary
      microcirculation after pulmonary embolism and to decrease the incidence of the
      postthrombotic syndrome following deep venous thrombosis. If certain clinical
      guidelines are followed rigidly, the incidence of significant bleeding
      complications is low. Although the use of tissue plasminogen activator in
      venoocclusive disease has been limited to isolated cases, results have been very
      promising.

PMID- 3703755
TI  - Tetracycline-induced staining of teeth.

PMID- 3703756
TI  - Occupational skin cancer. Four major carcinogens that put workers at risk.

PMID- 3703758
TI  - Trace elements in nutrition of the elderly. 1. Established RDAs for iron, zinc,
      and iodine.
AB  - Trace elements play a poorly understood role in human metabolism and nutrition.
      In the elderly, the normal effects of aging further complicate an understanding
      of trace element nutriture. The RDA standards established to date for the elderly
      have important limitations in that "healthy" persons 51 years of age and older
      constitute a single, regrettably imprecise category. Although any minor elemental
      constituent of the body is considered to be a trace element, only 16 are
      currently believed to be of biologic importance to humans. A recommended dietary
      allowance (RDA) has been established for only three of these--iron, zinc, and
      iodine.

PMID- 3703759
TI  - Trace elements in nutrition of the elderly. 2. SADDIs for copper, manganese,
      selenium, chromium, molybdenum, and fluoride.

PMID- 3703757
TI  - Chronic renal failure. The primary care physician's role.
AB  - Recent developments in understanding of the pathophysiology of chronic renal
      failure have provided a sound basis for several measures which, when instituted
      early in the course of renal disease, can delay progression to end-stage kidney
      disease and considerably improved the symptoms of uremic syndrome. This article
      outlines the key role that the primary care physician plays in early diagnosis of
      chronic renal disease and institution of appropriate therapy well before the
      nephrologist's services are needed.

PMID- 3703760
TI  - 'AIDS anxiety'. New faces for old fears.

PMID- 3703761
TI  - Food additives and urticaria.

PMID- 3703762
TI  - Cystinuria versus cystinosis.

PMID- 3703763
TI  - Early rheumatoid arthritis. Approach to diagnosis and treatment.
AB  - Early rheumatoid arthritis is a diagnosis most often made by history and physical
      examination and is frequently a diagnosis of exclusion. Differential diagnosis
      can be difficult because of the wide variation in age, sex, constitutional
      symptoms, physical findings, and joint distribution. Early, aggressive therapy
      should include patient education, rest, graded exercise, counseling, and
      appropriate medication. Absence of subcutaneous nodules and joint erosion may
      indicate a better prognosis in rheumatoid arthritis. Presence of rheumatoid
      factor, eosinophilia, thrombocytosis, and/or vasculitis suggests a less favorable
      course.

PMID- 3703764
TI  - Hematuria in children. Is it a cause for alarm?

PMID- 3703765
TI  - Evaluation and treatment of headache. Practical approach to a common symptom.
AB  - Chronic headache pain has many causes but is generally attributed to one of three
      mechanisms: muscular contraction, vascular inflammation, or traction or
      inflammation of pain-sensitive structures. Because of the wide variety of
      headache types and the often-confusing terminology and classification systems in
      use, evaluation of headache can be difficult. A step-by-step approach to patient
      workup, including patient history, physical examination, and appropriate tests,
      can help the physician pinpoint the underlying problem and determine appropriate
      therapy. Long-term drug therapy is effective for most patients with vascular
      headaches. For headaches of psychogenic origin, therapy includes psychotropic
      drugs, biofeedback training, counseling, and behavior modification. More research
      in the area of mind-body interactions will lead to improved management of chronic
      headache of nonorganic origin.

PMID- 3703766
TI  - Status of mammography in breast cancer screening.
AB  - Doubt no longer exists as to the efficacy of breast cancer detection by
      mammography. A significant body of evidence supports its value in reducing
      morbidity and mortality associated with this common malignancy. Physicians must
      become convinced of its usefulness and recommend the procedure to female patients
      as part of routine healthcare. Those responsible for reimbursement of healthcare
      costs should be apprised of its value. Many insurance plans do not reimburse for
      screening procedures in the absence of clinical symptoms, but with breast cancer,
      the symptomatic patient may have a greatly diminished possibility of cure. The
      next decade may hold further diagnostic or therapeutic innovations, and breast
      cancer may eventually be eradicated. At present, however, no diagnostic method is
      capable of providing an impact equal to that of screening mammography for those
      women who have the misfortune of contracting this particular disease. We should
      all try to maximize the benefits this current technology is capable of providing.

PMID- 3703767
TI  - Early breast cancer detected by mammography. Marshfield Clinic experience.
AB  - Use of mammography in asymptomatic women does discover breast cancer at an
      earlier point in development, as measured by size, invasiveness, and nodal
      involvement. The integration of mammography into routine periodic evaluation of
      asymptomatic women over 35 years of age should diminish the threat of breast
      cancer.

PMID- 3703768
TI  - Pseudohypothyroidism. Differentiation from true hypothyroidism.
AB  - Pseudohypothyroidism is a prevalent "non-disease" that represents an erroneous
      diagnosis of hypothyroidism. The error in diagnosis can be readily recognized,
      and unnecessary therapy with thyroid hormones--which are ineffective and
      potentially can induce harmful side effects--can be terminated. By recognizing
      that hypothyroidism is not the cause of the patient's complaints, the physician
      can pursue further investigation to elucidate the true cause.

PMID- 3703769
TI  - A private statistic in what should be a public war.

PMID- 3703770
TI  - Controversies in resuscitation.
AB  - Many controversies, only a few of which have been discussed here, are now raging
      in the field of resuscitation. Much is expected to change in the next five to ten
      years. The American Heart Association is now considering changes for its new
      advanced cardiac life support course, which should be ready this year. The course
      will not include some of the possible changes mentioned in this article, because
      too few studies have been done. Physicians and other rescuers should abide by the
      guidelines of the American Heart Association as a standard of practice because
      its recommendations are the result of the best possible consensus. Over the next
      several years, many exciting changes in resuscitation will occur and may lead to
      improved survival rates and quality.

PMID- 3703771
TI  - Sexual problems in chronic respiratory disease. Achieving and maintaining
      intimacy.
AB  - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may be linked to several types of
      sexual dysfunction, but presence of the disease does not preclude enjoyment of
      sexual activity. A thorough medical and biopsychosocial evaluation of the patient
      with sexual dysfunction will help the physician to ascertain the cause of
      dysfunction and to assess contributory physical and psychological factors. In
      addition to appropriate medical and psychiatric treatment, management should
      include patient education and supportive psychotherapy. Open communication
      between the physician, patient, and partner is essential to a successful outcome.
      The patient and partner may need to alter their attitudes and develop new
      approaches to sex. The primary care physician can serve as a source of
      reassurance, information, and recommendations to help the patient live a full
      life, including a satisfying sex life.

PMID- 3703772
TI  - Candidal costochondritis responsive to ketoconazole in an iv drug abuser.
AB  - Infections caused by Candida albicans have been reported in many organ systems in
      intravenous drug users. Amphotericin B (Fungizone) has been shown to be effective
      in treatment. However, because of its numerous side effects and difficulty in
      maintaining intravenous access in this population, the agent is difficult to use.
      Ketoconazole (Nizoral), administered orally, is a more convenient and better
      tolerated agent and was efficacious in the case of candidal costochondritis
      described here. Further evaluation of ketoconazole is needed to better define its
      role in the treatment of disseminated candidiasis, particularly in cases
      associated with intravenous drug abuse.

PMID- 3703773
TI  - Adult hypothyroidism. 1. Manifestations and clinical presentation.
AB  - Hypothyroidism ranges in severity from subtle alterations of thyroid function to
      myxedema coma. Its manifestations in other organ systems or as behavioral changes
      effectively draw attention away from the thyroid. Normal findings on physical
      examination and an elevated serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level are
      characteristic of mild hypothyroidism. Therapy with thyroid hormone may be
      indicated. Myxedema coma is an endocrine emergency, usually precipitated by some
      stressful event, eg, infection, medication, exposure to cold, severe hemorrhage.
      Because time is usually insufficient for full-scale endocrine evaluation,
      diagnosis must be based on history, physical examination, and exclusion of other
      causes of coma.

PMID- 3703774
TI  - Genetic variation of liver lipid content of coturnix quail.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to elucidate the genetic variation in the liver
      lipid content of coturnix quail. In Experiment 1, the change of the liver lipid
      content with advancing age was studied. In Experiment 2, the genetic variation of
      the liver lipid content at 4 weeks of age was analyzed. Liver lipid was extracted
      with ethanol-ether solution and weighed. Genetic parameters of liver lipid
      content, body weight, and liver weight were estimated from sib analysis. The
      means of liver lipid content at 2 and 4 weeks of age were approximately 25% on a
      dry weight basis in both sexes. After 6 weeks of age, the liver lipid content of
      the female was higher than that of the male. The liver lipid content of the egg
      laying female was slightly higher than that of the nonlaying female. Heritability
      (h2sire) of liver lipid content from 4-week-old coturnix quail was estimated as
      h2sire: .62 +/- .73.

PMID- 3703775
TI  - Genetic aspects of antibody responses in chickens to different classes of
      antigens.
AB  - Six breeding groups of chickens, each characterized by a different haplotype of
      the B blood group system, were challenged with different classes of antigens,
      namely Newcastle disease vaccine (ND), infectious bronchitis vaccine (IB),
      infectious bursal disease viral agent (IBD), Salmonella pullorum antigen (P), and
      sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Parents were challenged at 20 weeks of age, and
      their offspring were challenged at 3 weeks of age. Blood samples were taken from
      the parents at 1 week after challenge, and from the offspring at 1, 2, 3, and 4
      weeks after challenge for determination of antibody titers to each antigen. The
      offspring were also challenged at 8 weeks of age in the wing-web with Rous
      sarcoma virus (RSV). Tumor scores were taken weekly on individual chickens for
      the next 10 weeks. There were significant differences (P less than .01) between
      breeding groups of parents for antibody titer responses to ND, IB, P, and SRBC.
      There were significant differences (P less than .05) between the breeding groups
      of offspring for antibody titer responses to ND, IB, IBD, P, and SRBC. There were
      significant (P less than .01) differences between the breeding groups in the
      accumulative tumor scores over the 10-week period. The lines that cause
      regression of Rous sarcomas (R-lines) were significantly (P less than .01)
      superior in resisting tumor growth to those lines that allow progressive growth
      of tumors (Pr-lines). The only antigen to which the R-lines gave significantly (P
      less than .01) higher titers of antibody responses than the Pr-lines was SRBC.

PMID- 3703776
TI  - Inheritance of traits associated with sexual maturity when populations of
      chickens reach 50% lay.
AB  - In order to study the mode of inheritance of traits associated with the onset of
      sexual maturity, data from stocks differing greatly in genetic background were
      analyzed when populations achieved 50% lay. Chickens used in this experiment
      consisted of three parental lines and five crosses. Parental lines were White
      Plymouth Rocks bidirectionally selected for high (HH) and low (LL) 56-day body
      weight, and a closed population of Jersey Black Giants (JJ). Crosses were
      produced from reciprocal matings of the White Rock lines (HL and LH), their F2
      (HL X HL), and Jersey males mated to weight-line females (JH, JL). When 50% of
      the pullets within a population had laid, various traits were measured for each
      individual in that population. Retrospective analyses showed that sexually mature
      pullets were heavier at 91 and 126 days of age than those which had not commenced
      lay. Body weight dimorphism between layers and nonlayers was disproportionately
      greater in LL and F2 pullets than in those of other populations, resulting in a
      population by physiological stage interaction. Fat depots were heavier and
      percentages of fat were higher in laying than nonlaying pullets. Evidence was
      obtained suggesting that an absolute quantity of breast tissue was necessary
      before lean tissue percentage became meaningful as a threshold trait for the
      onset of egg production. Modes of inheritance for body weight and compositional
      characteristics were different in sexually immature and mature pullets,
      suggesting that muscle functioned as a nutrient reserve in laying pullets and a
      nutrient store in those that had not reached this physiological stage.

PMID- 3703777
TI  - In vivo transfer of antibiotic resistance to a strain of Salmonella arizonae.
AB  - Two trials were conducted to determine the transferability of antibiotic
      resistance in vivo between two strains of enteric bacteria. Newly hatched turkey
      poults were inoculated per os with a strain of Escherichia coli resistant to
      kanamycin, tetracycline, and ampicillin, a strain of Salmonella arizonae
      resistant to nalidixic acid and streptomycin, or both strains. Kanamycin was
      added to the drinking water of some poults. To test for S. arizonae cells which
      had received transferable resistance determinants in vivo from the E. coli
      strain, samples were collected by swabbing the recta of the poults and by
      removing segments of the intestines and livers after the birds were sacrificed.
      Nalidixic acid was added to the isolation media to prevent in vitro transfer from
      occurring after the samples were collected. Salmonella arizonae resistant to
      nalidixic acid, streptomycin, kanamycin, tetracycline, and ampicillin were
      isolated from 20% of the rectal samples taken from poults that had received both
      bacterial strains. S. arizonae cells which had received resistance determinants
      in vivo were also isolated from 73% of the intestinal samples and 8% of the liver
      samples taken from birds inoculated with both donor E. coli and recipient S.
      arizonae. Salmonella arizonae demonstrating resistance to all five antibiotics
      were recovered from all intestinal samples taken from birds given kanamycin in
      their drinking water immediately after the last S. arizonae inoculation but from
      only 43% of such samples taken from birds given no kanamycin.

PMID- 3703778
TI  - Halofuginone: laboratory titration of anticoccidial activity in young turkeys.
AB  - Halofuginone was tested at 0, 1.5, 3.0, or 6.0 ppm in the feed against single and
      mixed infections of recent field isolates of Eimeria adenoeides, E.
      meleagrimitis, and E. gallopavonis. Severe infections were produced in
      unmedicated, infected controls. Weight gains were significantly improved by 1.5
      or 3 ppm of halofuginone, and intestinal lesion scores and fecal droppings scores
      were greatly reduced. Oocyst shedding was reduced 91 to 100% by halofuginone
      treatments. Treatment with 6 ppm of halofuginone gave good protection but
      appeared to depress weight gains slightly. Treatment with 3 ppm was optimal for
      the control of all species of coccidia and for optimum performance.

PMID- 3703779
TI  - Influence of dietary calcium on bone calcium utilization.
AB  - In Experiment 1, 10 microCi 45Ca/day were administered to 125 hens for 10 days.
      Hens were then allocated to five treatments with calcium levels ranging from .08
      to 3.75% of the diet. In Experiment 2, hens with morning oviposition times were
      randomly allocated to 11 treatments that were periods of time postoviposition
      ranging from 6 hr to 24 hr, in 2-hr increments (Experiment 2). At the end of each
      2-hr period, eggs from 25 hens were removed from the uterus. The 18-, 20-, and 22
      hr treatments were replicated three times. In Experiment 3, hens were fed either
      ad libitum or feed was withheld the last 5 or 6 hr before oviposition. In
      Experiment 4, hens were fed 10 microCi of 45Ca for 15 days to label skeletal
      calcium. Hens were divided into two groups and fed a .08 or 3.75% calcium diet
      for 2 days. On the second day, 25 hens fed the 3.75% calcium diet were intubated
      with 7 g of the same diet containing .5 g calcium at 1700, 2100, 0100, 0500, and
      0700 hr. The measurements used were egg weight, shell weight, and 45Ca content of
      the egg shell. Results indicated a significant linear or quadratic regression of
      dietary calcium levels on 45Ca accumulation in eggshells and eggshell weight
      (Experiment 1). As the calcium level of the diet increased, eggshell weight
      increased and 45Ca recovery decreased. Utilization of skeletal calcium for shell
      formation ranged from 28 to 96%. In Experiment 2, the rate of shell calcification
      was not constant throughout the calcification process but varied
      significantly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3703780
TI  - Influence of dietary ingredients on calcium utilization in the laying hen.
AB  - Experiments were conducted to evaluate the benefit of calcium supplementation
      with or without other dietary ingredients on egg shell quality. A total of 250
      Hyline hens, 44 weeks of age, were randomly divided among five treatments
      (Experiment 1). The dietary treatments were as follows: Treatment 1, controls (C)
      were fed a 3.5% calcium diet ad libitum; Treatment 2, hens were fed a .08%
      calcium diet (LC); Treatment 3, hens were intubated with limestone following 24
      hr consumption of .08% calcium diet (LCI); Treatment 4, feed removed for 24 hr
      (NF); Treatment 5, feed removed for 24 hr and hens then intubated with limestone
      (NFI). All diets were restored to the control calcium level after 48 hr.
      Experiment 2 was identical to Experiment 1 except Dekalb XL hens, 50 weeks of
      age, were used. Eggs were collected daily for 5 days for egg specific gravity,
      egg weight, and shell weight determinations. Forty hens were sacrificed in
      Experiment 2 at 48 hr into the experiment to measure calcium distribution in the
      gastrointestinal (GI) tract and feces. Results indicated that hens fed the LCI
      treatment produced eggs with significantly higher specific gravity and heavier
      shells than hens given limestone with an empty GI tract. The calcium analysis of
      the GI tract revealed that much of the calcium supplement did not move beyond the
      gizzard in hens fed the NFI treatment. It was concluded that hens not only needed
      other nutrients for maximum utilization of dietary and skeletal calcium, but
      other nutrients or dry matter may also be needed to facilitate the passage of
      calcium from the gizzard.

PMID- 3703781
TI  - Immunological identification of avian monomeric and polymeric immunoglobulin M
      and immunoglobulin A after fractionation on sodium dodecylsulfate pore gradient
      polyacrylamide gels.
AB  - Naturally existing variants of Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and Immunoglobulin A (IgA)
      in the serum of immunologically competent, as well as immunologically defective
      UM-B19 chickens can be detected without time consuming purification. The
      different molecular forms of IgM and IgA were separated by gel filtration.
      Pentameric IgM and dimeric IgA were well separated from the 7S-peak that
      contained monomeric IgM and IgA. A method for immunological identification of the
      protein components is described. Pore gradient gel electrophoresis was combined
      with antigen-antibody crossed electrophoresis in horizontal agarose slabs. The
      principle of the method is that IgM and IgA in their different molecular forms in
      the mixtures to be assayed after gel filtration are first separated with high
      resolution by sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      using a pore gradient of 3 to 15%. In the second step, a slab of polyacrylamide
      gel with the separated proteins in transferred onto agarose layers containing
      appropriate anti- mu- and anti-alpha antiserum and SDS in a concentration of
      .01%. The technique is easy to perform and gives reproducible results. In chicken
      serum, the monomeric state of IgM (184,000 d), along with the pentameric state
      (920,000 d) were identified. Serum IgA exists in dimeric (340,000 d) and in
      monomeric (170,000 d) states. No differences between the commercial Leghorn and
      dysgammaglobulinemic and normogammaglobulinemic lines were found.

PMID- 3703782
TI  - Age-related variations in seminiferous tubule dimensions and germinal and Sertoli
      cell numbers in guinea-fowl raised under a 14L:10D photoperiod.
AB  - Histological studies of testicular development in guinea-fowl (Numida meleagris),
      raised under a 14L:10D photoperiod from 1 to 70 weeks of age, revealed: rapid
      increases in the relative volume, diameter, and length of the seminiferous
      tubules from 8 to 20 weeks but no significant changes thereafter; the appearance
      at 12 weeks of both mature Sertoli cells and round spermatids, characteristic of
      puberty; and biphasic increases in the numbers of Sertoli and germinal cells. The
      numbers of Sertoli cells, Type I spermatocytes, and round spermatids increased
      rapidly between 8 and 20 weeks; thereafter the numbers of Sertoli cells and Type
      I spermatocytes increased slowly but significantly, whereas the number of round
      spermatids was static. This indicated that age-related changes in meiotic yields
      could occur in adult guinea-fowl maintained under a 14L:10D photoperiod.

PMID- 3703783
TI  - Neurotoxicity of triorthotolyl phosphate in chickens of different genotypes in
      the presence and absence of deoxycorticosterone.
AB  - Indices of acute and delayed toxicity following administration of triorthotolyl
      phosphate (TOTP) were measured in roosters from lines of chickens originating
      from the Cornell randombred population. Matings were designed to produce
      individuals that had presence or absence of allele 21 of the B blood system. Non
      B21 individuals had allele 13 or 31. Acute inhibition of esterases (neurotoxic
      esterase, liver cholinesterase, plasma cholinesterases, and plasma
      carboxylesterases) occurred in all birds within 24 hr of a single oral dose of
      360 mg/kg TOTP. Clinical signs of delayed neuropathy were evident within 12 days
      of TOTP administration, with no significant difference between genotypes. Dietary
      deoxycorticosterone (40 to 200 ppm) appeared incapable of statistically
      significant modification of the strong effects of TOTP. Activities of blood
      esterases were different between roosters having B21/B21 and those with B13
      and/or B31.

PMID- 3703784
TI  - The influence of castration and methimazole on deoxyribonucleic acid content of
      the pituitary and thyroid glands of White Leghorn cockerels.
AB  - The pituitary gland of birds is known to increase in weight with castration and
      decreases with chemical thyroidectomy. Whether these changes are due to
      alterations in mitotic activity or to cell size changes has been examined by
      measurement of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and protein content of these glands.
      The DNA content of the enlarge pituitary of castrated cockerels is the same as
      that in the pituitary of normal cockerels. The pituitary size increase may be due
      to an increase in gonadotrope size including any part of the gonadotrope
      population which may be obtained by recruitment of other basophils. The
      retardation in pituitary size and DNA content with methimazole treatment is
      probably due, at least in part, to growth retardation but may also be due, in
      part, to the conversion of larger basophils to smaller thyrotropes.

PMID- 3703785
TI  - Parthenogenesis in medium white turkeys selected for low and high semen ejaculate
      volumes.
AB  - The incidence of parthenogenesis in two lines of Medium White turkeys subjected
      to bidirectional selection for semen ejaculate volume was examined during the
      ninth and tenth generations. A significant increase in the incidence of
      parthenogenesis was observed in both generations of the line selected for low
      semen volume. The study suggests that selection for low semen volume may result
      in the stimulation of parthenogenesis as a means of genome survival.

PMID- 3703786
TI  - Aortic connective tissue content in White Leghorn females.
AB  - The aortae of adult female chickens were analyzed for their connective tissue
      content. Collagen increased primarily in the distal aorta; elastin decreased
      between the proximal and middle aorta; the collagen to elastin ratio increased
      progressively along the aorta. These changes in connective tissue contribute to
      nonuniform mechanical properties and related hemodynamic phenomena of the avian
      aorta.

PMID- 3703787
TI  - Changes in the lipid metabolism of the chick embryo with parental age.
AB  - A study has been made on the distribution and composition of the lipids
      associated with the yolk contents, yolk sac membrane, liver, and extrahepatic
      tissues of chick embryos at Days 15 and 19 of incubation from 25- and 41-week-old
      broiler-breeder stock. The higher embryo mortality displayed by the eggs from the
      young breeders was associated with an abnormal distribution of lipid between the
      tissue pools. The amount of lipid associated with the total yolk, i.e., yolk
      contents plus yolk sac membrane, of the embryos from the 25-week-old parents at
      Day 19 of incubation was greater than that of the embryos from the 41-week-old
      parents, and there was a much higher proportion of lipid still remaining in
      association with the yolk contents. In the embryos from the young parents, a
      smaller proportion of embryonic lipid was associated with the extra-hepatic
      tissues at Day 19 of incubation. Differences were observed in the relative
      proportions of the major lipid fractions within the yolk and embryonic tissues
      between the eggs from the two sets of parents. The higher mortality of the
      embryos from the young parents was associated with a malfunction of yolk lipid
      assimilation and mobilization from the yolk contents thereby denying access to
      the major nutrient associated with development during the last week of
      incubation.

PMID- 3703788
TI  - Divergent selection for incidence of degenerative myopathy of the Musculus
      supracoracoideus of meat-type chickens.
AB  - The response to three generations of selection for incidence of degenerative
      myopathy of the Musculus supracoracoideus (DMS) in meat-type chickens was
      studied. From each of two genetic bases named E and F, which were derived from
      two commercial broiler stocks, a high incidence, low incidence, and a nonselected
      control strain were initiated. Selection of breeders to produce Generations 1 and
      2 was based on the incidence of DMS in their parents after induced wing exercise;
      mass selection for plasma creatine kinase levels after induced wing exercise was
      used to produce Generation 3. Little genetic progress in selection occurred in
      Generations 1 and 2. There was a response in Generation 3, especially in Base E
      selected for low incidence. Heritability of incidence of DMS was estimated to be
      .48. Body weights at 8 weeks of age, 18 weeks of age, and breast angle at 18
      weeks of age of Generation 3 were greater (P less than .05) for affected than
      nonaffected birds and positively correlated phenotypically with incidence of DMS.
      Genetic correlations were extremely variable. The higher incidence of DMS in
      birds with desirable traits suggests that the breeder must use a multitrait
      selection program to reduce incidence of DMS as well as improve production
      traits.

PMID- 3703789
TI  - Influence of C locus alleles on neonatal development in the domestic fowl.
AB  - Neonatal development, as influenced by the autosomal albino (ca/ca), recessive
      white (c/ca), or colored (C+/-) genotype, was investigated. Albino chicks
      exhibited smaller (P less than or equal to .005) body weights at 3, 6, and 9 days
      of age. A significant (P less than or equal to .005) reduction in growth rate
      also occurred in albinos from hatching to 3 days of age. Associated with the
      suppression of growth was the retention of greater (P less than or equal to .05)
      amounts of yolk sac contents. Albino chicks exhibited smaller (P less than or
      equal to .01) bursal weights at hatching and 6 days of age. Plasma glucose and
      protein levels were depressed (P less than or equal to .005) in albinos at
      hatching when compared to recessive white or colored chicks. No significant
      differences in plasma glucose or protein were noted at any other time periods.
      These data provide evidence for the retardation of neonatal development and a
      reduction in maternal yolk utilization by the ca/ca embryo. We suggest that there
      may exist additional physiological functions for melanin/functional tyrosinase
      that are not directly involved with pigmentation.

PMID- 3703790
TI  - The role of water intake on sexual dimorphism for early growth of broilers.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to investigate feed intake and body weight of
      males restricted to the water intake of ad libitum females immediately after
      hatch. Ad libitum males were heavier and consumed more feed than ad libitum
      females, with differences becoming significant after Day 10. Body weight and feed
      intake of water-restricted males and females were essentially identical,
      suggesting that when males and females receive the same amount of water, they
      also consume similar amounts of feed. Ad libitum males tended to have higher feed
      efficiencies than females, whereas water-restricted males and females had similar
      feed efficiencies. These data indicate that unless males are able to consume more
      water than females, there is an absence of development of sexual dimorphism in
      body weight during early life.

PMID- 3703791
TI  - Effects of different feather lengths in the vent area of White Leghorn hens on
      northern fowl mite populations.
AB  - Two tests of mature White Leghorn laying hens with feathers in the "vent area"
      clipped to less than .5, 1.5, or 2.5 cm in length were compared with unclipped
      hens to determine the differences in northern fowl mite (NFM) populations
      following artificial infestation. Weekly mite ratings were recorded for: 1) the
      total hen's body, 2) only the vent area, and 3) the remainder of the hen's body.
      In both tests, the mean total NFM populations were progressively greater as the
      clipped length of the feathers increased for 16 weeks postinfestation. Mean NFM
      populations in only the vent area were significantly less for hens with feathers
      clipped to less than .5 cm in both tests. There was no significant increase in
      NFM populations over the rest of the hen's body as a result of feathers clipped
      in the vent area. Therefore, it would be possible to control NFM at relatively
      low levels without the use of pesticides if a method for reducing the length of
      feathers in the vent area of laying hens could be developed.

PMID- 3703792
TI  - Macroelements in the circulation of coccidiosis-infected chicks.
AB  - Four-week-old Single Comb White Leghorn (SCWL) chicks were inoculated with either
      Eimeria acervulina, E. necatrix, E. brunetti, E. tenella, or left uninfected. On
      the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 14th, 21st, 28th, and 35th days
      after inoculation, blood was removed from five birds in each group, and the
      content of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, hemoglobin, erythrocytes, and
      packed cell volumes were determined. Hemoglobin, erythrocyte concentrations, and
      hematocrits all decreased during the acute phase of the infections and returned
      to normal during recovery. Plasma calcium concentrations were significantly
      decreased by the upper intestinal tract infections, but decreases were smaller in
      lower tract infections. Plasma magnesium was decreased and then increased by
      lower tract infections, but upper tract infections had variable effects. In
      contrast to earlier reports, acute phase E. acervulina, E. brunetti, and E.
      tenella infections decreased sodium plasma concentrations. Plasma potassium
      concentrations were variable, but increases were associated with the induction
      phases of E. necatrix and E. brunetti infections.

PMID- 3703793
TI  - Determination of crude protein and fat in carcass and breast muscle samples of
      poultry by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy.
AB  - Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIR) equipment used consisted of an
      InfraAlyzer 400+ fitted with 19 discrete filters and an HP-85 microcomputer.
      Calibrations were developed with chicken broiler carcass samples. Samples were
      divided into two sets: a calibration (CAL) from which equations were developed
      and a prediction (PRE) set used to validate the equations. The CAL and PRE sets
      in the carcass calibration consisted of 45 and 54 samples, respectively. Two
      equations were developed for the prediction of fat in carcass samples (FAT1 and
      FAT2). Calibration for breast muscle samples included 30 and 27 samples for CAL
      and PRE sets, respectively. The accuracy of the calibrations was measured by the
      coefficient of determination (r2), standard error of the estimate (SEE),
      coefficient of variation (CV), and the mean difference between NIR and chemical
      values (d). Repeatabilities of chemical and NIR procedures were determined by the
      F-ratio of the variance of the differences between replicates. The result of the
      regression analysis between chemical and NIR values indicated good predictions
      for crude protein (CP) and fat in carcass samples. The r2 and SEE for CP, FAT1,
      and FAT2 were .98, .94; .91, 2.48; and .91, 2.51 in CAL set; and .91, 1.03; .68,
      2.32; and .69, 2.30 in PRE set samples, respectively. No differences were found
      between FAT1 and FAT2 equations. The carcass calibration equations were tested
      with samples from laying hens. Higher SEE were found for CP (1.78), but SEE for
      fat were similar to broiler carcasses. The calibration for breast samples showed
      higher SEE for CP and fat when compared with carcass samples.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3703794
TI  - Effect of short-term feed deprivation on shell quality in laying hens.
AB  - Hens with feed withheld for 24 hr had poorer shell quality for the next 3 days.
      Hens with feed withheld for the first 8 hr (0400 to 1200 hr) of the 16-hr light
      cycle showed no decline in shell quality, but those with feed withheld the last 8
      hr (1200 to 2000 hr) had poorer shell quality on the following day. When the
      period from 1200 to 2000 hr was divided into 2 periods (1200 to 1600 hr and 1600
      to 2000 hr), feed restriction during the 1600 to 2000-hr period caused a decline
      in shell quality on the next day, but removal during the 1200 to 1600-hr period
      had no effect on shell quality. Shell quality was related to the feed intake of
      the hens, because about 34% of their feed intake was during the period 1600 to
      2000 hr. Hens fed a low Ca diet (.7%) from 1200 to 2000 hr had poorer shell
      quality but not as poor as those with feed withheld. Feeding a high Ca diet
      (7.6%) from 0400 to 1200 hr prior to feed restriction from 1200 to 2000 hr, or
      giving oyster shell during the period of feed removal, improved shell quality,
      but not to the level of the full-fed birds. Daily feed restriction from 1200 to
      2000 hr caused a reduction in shell quality for the first 4 days after which
      shell quality returned, but a slight decline in egg production was noted. These
      hens were able to consume approximately 70% of the feed consumed by the full-fed
      birds.

PMID- 3703795
TI  - Vitamin A toxicosis in the chick and turkey poults.
AB  - Susceptibility to vitamin A (vit A) toxicosis was compared in Single Comb White
      Leghorn chicks, broilers, and turkey poults by giving an aqueous vit A solution
      of varying concentrations by crop intubation. Results of these studies indicate a
      differential response to vit A toxicosis within breeds and across species. Pair
      fed treatments clearly demonstrated that the effects of excess vit A on bone
      calcification were independent of anorexia. A comparison between turkey poults
      receiving either a constant dietary level of vit A or vit A by gavage showed that
      the latter markedly increased the severity of vit A. toxicosis.

PMID- 3703796
TI  - Influence of age on utilization of supplemental fats by young turkeys.
AB  - Male poults were fed diets containing 0, 4, 8, or 12% tallow or 4, 8, or 12%
      animal-vegetable fat blend (A-V Fat) from 1 day to 8 weeks of age. Supplemental
      fat improved 8-week body weight and feed efficiency, irrespective of fat source.
      Fat retention (fat consumed-fat excreted) was not affected by fat level or by fat
      source after 2 weeks of age. At 2 weeks, fat retention by poults fed tallow was
      less than that of poults fed A-V Fat. Fat retention increased with age,
      irrespective of fat source or level. Fat retentions ranged from 66.4 to 83.7 at 2
      weeks and from 90.8 to 96.5 at 8 weeks of age. Changes in metabolizable energy
      (ME) values of the fats with age paralleled those of fat retention, whether ME
      were estimated by multiplying fat retention percentages times gross energy of the
      fats or by regression analysis of changes in diet ME associated with increments
      of fats. On the basis of changes in diet ME, the ME of tallow was 6808 kcal/kg at
      2 weeks and 8551 kcal/kg at 8 weeks. Analagous values for A-V Fat were 7114 and
      8924 kcal/kg, respectively. Fatty acid analysis of dietary and excreta fat
      indicated that, as turkeys aged, improvements in retention were greatest for
      palmitic and stearic acids, especially in the instance of tallow. Fatty acid
      binding protein (FABP) assay of intestines from poults fed no added fat, 12%
      tallow, or 12% A-V Fat showed that fat level did not significantly affect FABP
      activity. There was, however, a marked increase in intestinal FABP in 6- and 8
      week-old poults as compared with 2- or 4-week-old poults.

PMID- 3703797
TI  - Influence of time of calcium intake on bone and dietary calcium utilization.
AB  - Sixteen hens, 67 weeks old, having oviposition times at 0700 +/- .25 hr, were
      used in Experiment 1. Hens were randomly divided into two treatments and fed a
      .08% calcium diet following oviposition. For 5 days, at either 0800 (AM) or 1600
      (PM) hours, hens received 3.65 g of calcium by intubation. On Day 1, the calcium
      source contained 25 microCi of calcium-45 (45Ca). Eggs and excreta were collected
      daily for 45Ca analysis. Experiment 2 was similar to Experiment 1 except that 34
      week-old hens were used. Calcium-45 activity of the egg shell, excreta, serum,
      and total contents of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract was determined. Results of
      Experiments 1 and 2 indicated that hens receiving their daily supply of calcium
      in the PM deposited significantly more of that day's dietary calcium on the
      following day's egg than hens receiving calcium in the AM. Excreta from the AM
      treated hens contained significantly more 45Ca than that from the PM-treated hens
      during the first 24 hr in both experiments. In Experiment 2, the quantity of 45Ca
      in serum and GI tract contents was significantly higher from hens in the PM
      treatment. It was concluded that hens utilized significantly more calcium for egg
      shell formation from PM consumption rather than AM consumption and, therefore,
      were less dependent on bone reserves when the calcium was consumed in the PM.

PMID- 3703798
TI  - Photoperiod, diet, and method of feeding on reproduction.
AB  - Effects of two lighting programs and three methods of feeding on semen production
      of Large White turkey males were investigated. Lighting programs of 14L:10D and
      8L:16D were used during the reproduction period. The feeding programs consisted
      of: 1) a low protein ration (10% FF) containing 3,250 kcal ME/kg fed ad libitum,
      2) a high protein ration (15% FF) fed ad libitum, and 3) a restricted intake high
      protein ration (15% R). The latter two diets contained 3,000 kcal ME/kg. Body
      weight, semen volume, and semen quality (sperm and seminal plasma protein
      concentrations) were measured weekly throughout the reproductive cycle from 26 to
      52 weeks. There was no significant difference in the rate of weight gain of
      turkeys kept on 8L:16D and 15% FF from 16 to 52 weeks compared to those on
      14L:10D and 15% FF. Decreasing protein from 15 to 10% and increasing energy
      levels of the diet decreased consumption significantly (P less than .05) from 16
      to 52 weeks of age regardless of the light treatment. Mortality was lowest in the
      10% FF and highest in the 15% R. Lighting treatment of 14L:10D significantly (P
      less than .05) increased semen volume and sperm concentration vs. the 8L:16D
      regimen. All the groups of males given 8L:16D had an endemic yellow semen
      syndrome (YSS) characterized by a combination of an elevated seminal plasma
      protein concentration (an average of 12.85 g/100 ml), abnormal spermatozoa, and
      numerous macrophages. Previous work is confirmed (Cecil, 1981) that low dietary
      protein can be used as a means of controlling body weight without any adverse
      effect on semen production or semen quality of Large White turkey breeder males.

PMID- 3703799
TI  - Intraduodenal glucose infusions do not affect food intake in the fowl.
AB  - A series of experiments was performed to examine the role of the duodenum in food
      intake regulation in the fowl. In each of the experiments, birds were surgically
      fitted with intraduodenal cannulae. In Experiments 1 to 6, Single Comb White
      Leghorn (SCWL) or Rock Cornish cockerels were infused with isosmotic glucose,
      urea, or saline solutions. Glucose had no effect on food intake as compared with
      the saline and urea control treatments. In the final experiment, food intake of
      splanchnicectomized SCWL cockerels was contrasted to that of sham-operated
      controls, following intraduodenal glucose infusions. No difference between the
      denerved and intact birds was observed. The duodenum of the fowl, unlike the
      mammal, does not appear to play a significant role in food intake regulation.

PMID- 3703800
TI  - Effects of thermal-induced respiratory alkalosis on blood ionized calcium levels
      in the domestic hen.
AB  - An experiment was conducted to determine the change with time in the blood
      ionized calcium concentration of hens exposed to an acute heat stress. Five hens
      were surgically fitted with carotid artery cannulae and placed in cages inside a
      temperature-controlled chamber. Blood samples were drawn before (23 C), during
      (35 C), and after (23 C), a 3-hr heat-stress exposure. Whole blood ionized
      calcium, blood gas, plasma pyruvate, and lactate were determined. Respiratory
      alkalosis developed 1 hr after the start of heat exposure (35 C). Approximately 1
      hr later, there was a concomitant decline in blood pH as plasma lactate and
      pyruvate concentration increased (P less than .05). In addition, the blood
      ionized calcium level was reduced (P less than .05) by 19% and was negatively
      correlated (P less than .05) with plasma pyruvate (-.77) and lactate (-.81).
      These results suggest that changes in acid-base balance during heat stress reduce
      the blood ionized calcium level, which may in turn limit the availability of
      calcium for egg shell formation.

PMID- 3703801
TI  - Bursal development in normal and testosterone-treated chick embryos.
AB  - The development of the bursa of Fabricius was studied in normal and testosterone
      treated embryos. The bursal anlage appears on the 5th day of incubation as an
      outgrowth of the dorso-caudal wall of the cloaca. By Day 7, the bursal lumen is
      present and separated from the anal invagination by a thin epithelial membrane.
      Shortly after this developmental state, the epithelial membrane disappears and
      the bursal lumen freely communicates with the amniotic cavity. The remnant of the
      bursal anlage forms the ventral wall of the anal invagination that is actually
      the bursal duct. Disappearance of the remnant of the bursal anlage, which takes
      place after the 16th day of incubation, allows the bursa to join the cloaca.
      Bursal folds appear on the 10th day of incubation. Mesenchymal cells then
      differentiate into dark and light cells. The dark cells, between 11 and 14 days
      of incubation, mobilize in the mesenchymal network and assemble in small groups
      under the epithelial rudiment of the folds. They, then, enter the epithelium
      where they induce bud formation. During the assemblage of dark cells beneath the
      epithelium and their emigration into the epithelium, they acquire cytoplasmic
      granules that resemble avian secretory cells. The light cells do not associate
      with the epithelium. They may be the precursors of cortical reticular cells. The
      differentiation of dark cells is inhibited in the presence of testosterone.
      Therefore, the failure of bud formation and subsequent follicular formation in
      the bursa of testosterone-treated embryos may be attributed to the elimination of
      an induction signal supplied by the differentiated dark cells of the mesenchyme.

PMID- 3703802
TI  - Effects of pelleted or crumbled diets on the performance and the development of
      the digestive organs of broilers.
AB  - Two types (mash and crumble) of the starter ration (for 0 to 4 weeks of age) and
      two types (mash and pellets) of the finisher ration (for 4 to 8 weeks of age)
      were fed to broilers in a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement. Chicks fed the crumbled
      starter diet gained more weight and consumed more feed (P less than .01).
      Pelleting the finisher diet also significantly (P less than .01) improved weight
      gain and feed intake. Feeding the crumble during the starter period significantly
      (P less than .05) decreased gizzard weight at 4 weeks of age. Pelleting the
      finisher diet also significantly (P less than .01) reduced weights of the
      digestive tract and the gizzard at 8 weeks of age, compared to those fed the mash
      diet.

PMID- 3703803
TI  - Effect of oviductal tissues from hens differing in fertility duration on the
      respiration of washed chicken spermatozoa.
AB  - Washed chicken spermatozoa (WCS) were incubated in vitro at 40 C with
      reconstituted utero-vaginal (UVJ) and infundibular-magnal (IMJ) junction tissues
      from hens classified as to duration of fertility, long (L) 18.6 days and short
      (S), 10.0 days. The cumulative respiration of WCS incubated with UVJ tissue was
      significantly higher (P less than .05) than that incubated with IMJ tissue,
      regardless of the fertility duration group. Tissues UVJ and IMJ from L duration
      hens elicited significantly greater oxygen uptake from WCS than did corresponding
      tissues from S duration hens. Long-UVJ tissue incubated with WCS had the highest
      oxygen uptake throughout the 3-h incubation period.

PMID- 3703804
TI  - Effects of dietary protein and season on fertility of turkey semen stored 18
      hours at 5 C.
AB  - The effects of two levels of dietary protein fed from 18 to 45 weeks of age on
      the fertility of unstored semen and semen stored 18 hr at 5 C were determined.
      The effects of conducting the test in the fall-winter and spring-summer seasons
      were compared. Fertility of unstored semen was not affected by dietary protein or
      season. Fertility of stored semen from males producing in the fall-winter and fed
      a 8% protein diet was lower than males fed a 15% protein diet. Fertility of
      stored semen from males producing in the spring-summer was not influenced by
      dietary protein.

PMID- 3703805
TI  - Hiatus hernia in an obese woman.

PMID- 3703806
TI  - Deep vein thrombosis of the calf: a diagnostic sign.

PMID- 3703808
TI  - Fits, faints and funny turns.

PMID- 3703807
TI  - Surreptitious ingestion of warfarin.

PMID- 3703810
TI  - Acute stroke.

PMID- 3703811
TI  - The management of Parkinson's disease.

PMID- 3703809
TI  - Principles in the management of headache.

PMID- 3703812
TI  - Motor neurone disease: what can the GP do?

PMID- 3703813
TI  - After the head injury.

PMID- 3703814
TI  - Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.

PMID- 3703815
TI  - The management of pruritus valvae.

PMID- 3703816
TI  - The significance of earache.

PMID- 3703817
TI  - General practitioner control of postgraduate education. One approach by a London
      group.

PMID- 3703818
TI  - Asthma: education and treatment.

PMID- 3703819
TI  - Mallet finger.

PMID- 3703820
TI  - Managing problem drinkers: setting the scene.

PMID- 3703822
TI  - The development of fetal behavioural states: a longitudinal study.
AB  - In order to evaluate the development of fetal behavioural states a longitudinal
      study was performed on 35 healthy fetuses during the last trimester of pregnancy.
      Fetal heart rate (FHR), gross fetal body movements (FM), fetal eye movements
      (FEM), fetal breathing movements (FBM) and micturition were simultaneously
      studied at two-week intervals from 28 weeks gestation onwards. Well-defined fetal
      behavioural states were observed only after 36 weeks gestation. Between 28 and 36
      weeks the quiet-activity cycle of FHR was always detected and some fetal
      biophysical activities seemed to become related around this cycle.

PMID- 3703821
TI  - First trimester monitoring of a pregnancy at risk for glucose phosphate isomerase
      deficiency.
AB  - First trimester prenatal diagnosis was offered to the mother of a child affected
      by severe haemolytic anaemia due to glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) deficiency.
      The mutant enzyme was characterized by an increased thermal lability. Both
      parents had 50 per cent normal red cell GPI activity. We have shown that the
      homozygous and heterozygous genotypes can be clearly distinguished from each
      other and controls by combinations of the measurement of enzyme activity and
      enzyme thermal lability. Examination of trophoblast cells obtained at 9 weeks of
      gestation led to the diagnosis of a GPI heterozygous fetus. The result was
      confirmed by analysis on uncultured and cultured amniotic fluid cells sampled at
      16 weeks and by red blood cell studies of the healthy newborn. Prenatal diagnosis
      of GPI deficiency is indicated in families with previous cases resulting in
      severe haemolysis and mainly with the conservative view of arranging appropriate
      therapeutic measures for affected fetuses.

PMID- 3703823
TI  - Mosaicism of isochromosome 18p. Cytogenetic and morphological findings in a male
      fetus at 21 weeks.
AB  - The first case of isochromosome 18p as a mosaic in a male fetus diagnosed by
      amniocentesis is reported. After termination of the pregnancy at 21 weeks
      gestation biopsies from different fetal organs as well as from the placenta were
      taken and set up for long term cell cultures. The distribution of the normal and
      abnormal cell-line in fetal organs was unequal. Unexpectedly the metaphases in
      the placenta and the lymphocyte culture all showed a normal karyotype. The
      tetrasomy 18p is associated with a uniform phenotype, even in fetal life,
      characterized by a small head with protuberant occiput, low-set ears with
      posterior rotation, epicanthic fold, sharp pinched nose, convex and poorly formed
      philtrum, high-arched palate, retrognathia, flexion contractures of fingers,
      short and broad hallux, hypoplastic penis, angulation of clavicles and mild
      scoliosis. The propositus showed no growth retardation.

PMID- 3703824
TI  - Neural tube defects in trisomy 18.
AB  - In a retrospective survey, the incidence of neural tube defects in liveborn
      trimsomy 18 was found to be 6.2 per cent. Based on these data one would expect to
      find trisomy 18 in 1 of the 117 patients with myeloidysplasia; the incidence of
      trisomy 18 in dysraphic fetuses would be anticipated to be higher. These
      observations underscore the need for amniocentesis karyotyping of fetuses with
      neural tube defects, and the importance of careful examination of infants born
      with neural tube defects.

PMID- 3703825
TI  - [Oncocytomas of the kidney. Case reports and a review of the literature].

PMID- 3703826
TI  - Extraction and quantitative precipitation of nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles.
AB  - Ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs) were extracted from monkey cell nuclei in
      media of low ionic strength. The rapidly labeled RNPs were comparable in terms of
      size, protein patterns and protein content to those extracted by sonication. The
      overnight labeled RNPs were homogenous (sedimenting at 60-65S and containing RNA
      of 30-31S), and appear to be a subset of pre-ribosomal RNPs. This procedure
      produces nuclear RNPs free of contaminating chromatin. Nuclear RNPs (rapidly
      labeled and overnight-labeled RNPs, extracted by either our procedure or by
      sonication), quantitatively precipitated in 10 mM MgCl2 when the concentration of
      monovalent cations was low. There was no detectable degradation of the RNA
      components, nor was there loss of enzymatic activity of an RNP associated protein
      kinase. Precipitation in Mg++ provides a rapid, gentle and convenient method of
      concentrating RNPs.

PMID- 3703827
TI  - Purification and characterization of malignancy associated alpha-1 protein from
      lung tumor of a patient who died of primary carcinoma of the lung.
AB  - Malignancy associated ALPHA-1 protein(MAP) was isolated from a kilogram quantity
      of a lung tumor obtained at an autopsy of a patient who died of primary carcinoma
      of the lung. Acid extraction, Millipore filtration on a 30,000 molecular weight
      cut off membrane, treatment of the retentate with 50% saturated ammonium sulfate
      and gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 yielded a fairly pure material as judged by
      PAGE and RP-HPLC.

PMID- 3703828
TI  - Purification of rat angiotensinogen.
AB  - A method of purifying rat angiotensinogen in three chromatography steps with a
      yield 3-4 times better than previous methods is described. Using chromatofocusing
      media for two steps and DEAE-affigel blue for the third step it was possible to
      separate angiotensinogen into three major peaks with pI of 5.25 (peak B), 4.80
      (peak C) and 4.50 (peak D). Peaks B and C were completely purified with
      recoveries of 12% and 17% and specific activities of 21.8 and 20.0 micrograms
      AI/mg protein respectively. Analytical SDS-PAGE showed a 53,000 dalton band in
      both peaks with additional 51,000 and 57,000 dalton bands in peak C.

PMID- 3703829
TI  - Studies on the activation mechanism of human mononuclear leukocytes isolated by
      physical methods.
AB  - Responder lymphocytes, accessory lymphocytes and monocytes were isolated using
      countercurrent centrifugal elutriation and free flow electrophoresis. The
      Concanavalin A (Con A) binding behaviour of the isolated cell populations was
      studied. Responder lymphocytes and accessory cells bound Con A by different
      mechanisms. Cells in all the isolated populations were able to interact directly
      with Con A. Con A binding to responder lymphocytes was inhibited by alpha
      methylmannoside (alpha MM) and by a distinct plasma protein. Accessory
      lymphocytes and monocytes bound Con A even in the presence of 10% human plasma or
      50 mM alpha MM. The plasma protein which inhibited interaction of responder
      lymphocytes with Con A also reduced lymphocyte proliferation, when resting
      monocytes were used as accessory cells. If, however, monocytes were used after
      activation by lipopolysaccharide no inhibition effect was observed. From the
      results we conclude that there is a distinct plasma protein which protects the
      organism against lymphocyte stimulation not controlled by accessory cells. This
      inhibitory plasma protein appears to be a euglobulin.

PMID- 3703830
TI  - Isolation and purification of cyanogen bromide-derived peptides of type II
      collagen directly from tissue (Swarm chondrosarcoma).
AB  - A preparative procedure is described for isolating type II collagen-fragments
      directly from tissue. Swarm chondrosarcoma from rat, a cartilagenous tissue rich
      in type II collagen, was digested by cyanogen bromide in 70% formic acid. The
      resulting crude extract was desalted (G 25 column chromatography) and
      lyophylized. The yield of peptide mixture was about 1 250 mg obtained from 100 g
      tissue. The method of purification commonly used for type II collagen prior to
      cyanogen bromide-cleavage yielded 20 mg peptides from 100 g tissue. Separation of
      the cyanogen bromide-derived fragments was performed by gel filtration. The
      column was run at 43 degrees C (denaturing-temperature of collagens) to avoid
      fibril formation, and a volatile buffer was used (ammonium formate buffer, pH
      7.5) so that the effluent fractions could be easily lyophylized. Two-dimensional
      gel electrophoresis of the main peaks of the column profile demonstrated that
      this purification step resulted in a good separation of the fragment mixture,
      although additional steps may be necessary for complete separation of the
      peptides. The most striking advantages of the method for direct digestion of
      tissue outlined here are the increase in yield (about 60-fold) and the reduction
      of purification steps (avoiding type II collagen purification).

PMID- 3703831
TI  - Histochemical localization of phosphatases in the pig placenta: I. Non-specific
      phosphatases and their relation to uteroferrin.
AB  - The uterine glands, glandular secretions and areolar chorionic epithelium of the
      pig placenta in late gestation show high levels of histochemical phosphatase
      activity at acid pH, particularly towards aromatic monophosphates. The properties
      of this phosphatase allow its identification with the placental iron carrier
      protein, uteroferrin, rather than with lysosomal acid phosphatase. Alkaline
      phosphatase activity is restricted to the microvasculature on the maternal side
      of the placenta and is entirely distinct from uteroferrin phosphatase activity.

PMID- 3703832
TI  - Phosphorylation of placental membrane proteins by a calcium- and phospholipid
      dependent protein kinase.
AB  - The 30 000 g precipitate of homogenized rat placenta was incubated with 32P
      adenosine triphosphate (ATP); several endogenous proteins were specifically
      phosphorylated in the presence of 0.5 mM calcium and phosphatidylserine (105K
      protein at mid pregnancy, and 78K protein at the latter part of pregnancy). The
      calcium- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase activity in the 30 000 g
      precipitate was six times greater than the activity in the supernatant fraction.
      The total protein kinase C activity in the precipitate was considerably greater
      at the end of pregnancy than it was at mid pregnancy. Diethylaminoethyl cellulose
      purified membrane-bound protein kinase C was slightly inhibited by inhibitors of
      lipoxygenase, NDGA or ETYA, but not by SHAM or BW755C. Haemin and polylysine
      strongly inhibited this activity.

PMID- 3703833
TI  - Differential response of ovine placental lactogen levels in maternal and fetal
      circulations following single umbilical artery ligation in fetal sheep.
AB  - We investigated circulating maternal and fetal serum concentrations of ovine
      placental lactogen (oPL) following single umbilical artery ligation (SUAL) at 108
      to 114 days' gestation. Ovine placental lactogen was isolated and purified from
      placental cotyledons, and a radioimmunoassay developed using previously described
      methods. Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) was manifest as increasing fetal
      brain-to-liver weight ratio with increasing duration of survival following SUAL.
      During the first five to seven days following SUAL, circulating oPL levels in
      ewes with SUAL fetuses were significantly reduced when compared with levels in
      ewes with control fetuses. In contrast, oPL levels in SUAL fetuses were
      significantly increased above levels in control fetuses for the first five to
      seven days following surgery. Fetal ovine growth hormone levels were elevated in
      SUAL fetuses, while ovine prolactin levels were similar in the two groups. IUGR
      was associated with mild fetal acidosis and fetal plasma CAT levels which were
      similar in SUAL and control fetuses. No correlation was found between fetal pH or
      CAT and fetal oPL levels. These findings are consistent with the view that
      circulating levels of oPL in the mother are related to the mass of functioning
      trophoblast. Elevated fetal oPL levels following SUAL may result from acute
      placental ischaemia with alterations in placental lactogen secretion at the
      maternofetal interface.

PMID- 3703834
TI  - Analysis of the collagens from the fetal membranes of diabetic mothers.
AB  - Changes in the basement membranes associated with the placenta and fetal
      membranes have been observed in diabetic women, but little is known about the
      underlying alterations at the biochemical level. Present studies are concerned
      with the amount, chain composition and carbohydrate content of the collagens from
      amniotic membranes of women with overt and gestational diabetes. Collagens were
      obtained from these membranes using pepsin digestion and differential salt
      precipitation. In comparison with controls, the amounts of the interstitial and
      type IV collagens remained unchanged while the type V samples showed a moderate
      increase. However, by the use of reduced pepsinization, a fraction containing
      primarily type VII collagen and some type VI showed a significant increase in the
      tissues from diabetics, especially those from overt patients. Slab gel
      electrophoresis of the latter fractions revealed increased amounts of type VII
      collagen chains. The collagens from diabetics showed only small and marginally
      significant increases in their carbohydrate content. These observations suggest
      that changes in the 'intermediate' collagens as a group may play a role in the
      connective tissue changes associated with diabetes.

PMID- 3703835
TI  - Morphometry of the microvillous membrane of the human placenta in maternal
      diabetes mellitus.
AB  - The syncytiotrophoblast microvillous membrane of the human placenta has been
      investigated with quantitative analyses in a group of placentae from diabetic
      mothers, these placentae being compared to a group of normal placentae. This
      study has shown that, in the placentae of the diabetic mothers, there was a
      significant increase in the surface density of the microvilli and in the
      microvillous surface enlargement factor as compared to those of the controls.
      Consequently, it has demonstrated that the already large villous surface area
      found in the placentae of diabetic mothers can be enlarged very significantly by
      the microvilli, in terms of the total trophoblastic surface area which is in
      contact with the maternal blood. On a functional basis, these findings support
      the theory that placental function is probably not adversely affected in these
      placentae, and that these placentae can efficiently support the growth of large
      fetuses.

PMID- 3703836
TI  - [Alkaloid production in the fungus Penicillium sizovae].
AB  - The dynamics of production of agroclavine-I and epoxyagroclavine-I, the basic
      components of the Penicillium sizovae alkaloid fraction, was being studied. The
      biosynthesis of alkaloids occurs in two stages coinciding in time with the growth
      phases. The culture studied is shown to have a considerably higher content of
      extracellular alkaloids than that of the mycelium. When the culture is grown on a
      medium with mannitol and succinic acid, separate consumption of carbon sources is
      observed. The alkaloid production in P. sizovae occurs in the presence of high
      residual concentrations of phosphorus in the medium.

PMID- 3703837
TI  - [Methods of improving the postgraduate training of phthisiologists].

PMID- 3703838
TI  - [Computerized tomography in the diagnosis of tuberculomas and infiltrative
      pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 3703839
TI  - [Testing the hypothesis of multifactorial type inheritance of predisposition to
      pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 3703840
TI  - [Functional activity of phagocytes in patients with destructive pulmonary
      tuberculosis during treatment].

PMID- 3703841
TI  - [Effect of treatment with glucocorticoids, pyrogenal and lidase on natural
      immunity in pulmonary tuberculosis patients].

PMID- 3703842
TI  - [Clinico-immunological criteria of the effectiveness of chemotherapy in patients
      with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 3703843
TI  - [Outcome of newly detected destructive pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 3703844
TI  - [Genetically determined haptoglobin types in patients with pulmonary
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 3703845
TI  - [Free-radical oxidation of membrane lipids in patients with pulmonary
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 3703847
TI  - [Objectives of anti-tuberculosis institutions in conducting general
      dispensarization of the population in the prevention of tuberculosis].

PMID- 3703846
TI  - [Local immunity and cytological composition of bronchial secretion in patients
      with chronic bronchitis].

PMID- 3703848
TI  - [Association of fibrosing alveolitis and tuberculosis of the lungs and
      intrathoracic lymph nodes].

PMID- 3703849
TI  - [A case of a disseminated process in the lungs in systemic scleroderma].

PMID- 3703850
TI  - [A case of perforation of the esophagus and the right main bronchus by petrified
      lymph nodes].

PMID- 3703851
TI  - Maternity blues reassessed.
AB  - Maternity Blues, although seldom a serious problem in clinical practice, is
      potentially important to research on affective disorders in general. Childbirth
      is a major life event known to be associated with large changes in maternal
      hormones. The determinants of the Blues may therefore be psychological and
      social, or biological, or both. This paper reviews the relevant literature.
      Reported associations between Maternity Blues and psychiatric disorder are
      examined. Possible psychological, social and biochemical determinants are
      reviewed, but no firm inferences on causation can yet be drawn. Conflicting
      results in the literature may have been due to variations in definition and
      measurement of the syndrome. The authors have recently used psychometric methods
      to develop a questionnaire for detecting and measuring Maternity Blues. By
      cluster analysis of responses to the questionnaire, a 'Primary Blues' cluster was
      defined, consisting of 7 items: tearful, tired, anxious, over-emotional, up and
      down in mood, low spirited, muddled in thinking. The item 'depression' appeared
      in another less frequent cluster.

PMID- 3703852
TI  - Therapy of neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
AB  - The neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is an under-recognized yet sometimes
      fatal complication of antipsychotic drug therapy. NMS is comprised of
      hyperthermia, rigidity, autonomic disturbances, and altered consciousness. Until
      recently, there was no specific therapy for NMS other than discontinuing the
      offending neuroleptic and providing symptomatic treatment. However, 4 drugs
      (dantrolene and the dopamine agonists amantadine, bromocriptine, and
      carbidopa/levodopa) have clearly emerged to merit consideration in the therapy of
      NMS. The literature on their use in this disorder, either alone or in
      combination, is reviewed. The combination of dantrolene (a peripheral muscle
      relaxant) and post-synaptic dopamine agonists may prove the most effective in
      this condition.

PMID- 3703853
TI  - Studies on lingua fissurata.

PMID- 3703854
TI  - Nutrition of the conceptus: aspects of its regulation.

PMID- 3703855
TI  - Variations in body composition of poultry.

PMID- 3703856
TI  - Genetic control of skeletal development in the chick embryo.

PMID- 3703857
TI  - Causes of variation in the body composition of growing pigs.

PMID- 3703858
TI  - Recent studies on the body composition of ruminants.

PMID- 3703859
TI  - Lipid metabolism in the chick embryo.

PMID- 3703860
TI  - Nutritional influences on carcass composition in the broiler chicken.

PMID- 3703861
TI  - Development of the neonatal lamb and piglet.

PMID- 3703862
TI  - Development of the gastrointestinal tract.

PMID- 3703863
TI  - Factors affecting the body composition of growing and adult animals.

PMID- 3703864
TI  - Correlations between indirect and direct measurements of body composition.

PMID- 3703865
TI  - Animal meat products, processing and the consumer.

PMID- 3703866
TI  - Changes in body composition during pregnancy and lactation.

PMID- 3703867
TI  - Body composition of animals during sucking and the immediate post-weaning period.

PMID- 3703868
TI  - Nutritional obesity and body composition.

PMID- 3703869
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to human urinary thrombopoietin.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies (MA) to a thrombocytopoiesis-stimulating factor (TSF or
      thrombopoietin) were obtained from hybridomas derived from the fusion of P3 X
      63/Ag 8 cells and spleen cells from TSF-immunized BALB/c mice. The immunizing
      protein was a partially purified TSF-rich preparation from the urine of a
      thrombocytopenic patient, and was shown to stimulate platelet production in
      rebound-thrombocytotic mice; i.e., platelet counts of recipient mice were
      increased to 133% of control and the values for percentage 35S incorporation into
      platelets were elevated to 225% of control. Media from several hybrid cultures
      were tested in a microantibody detection technique that measured the binding of
      MA to a 125I-purified TSF preparation from human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells.
      The immune complex was precipitated by the addition of goat anti-mouse IgG serum
      and centrifugation. One clone gave 25% binding of 125I-TSF after a sevenfold
      dilution of the medium. This cell line was recloned and four of the subclones
      produced MA that gave even greater binding capacities. Hybridized cells were
      injected into "pristane-primed" mice and the antibodies produced in the ascites
      fluid were also shown to bind the 125I-TSF. Compared to the results of normal
      mouse serum, ascites fluid containing MA was shown to bind the unlabeled TSF from
      HEK cells. The TSF activity was significantly reduced in the supernatant fluid
      after precipitating the TSF-anti-TSF immune complex by a second antibody when
      tested in an immunothrombocythemic mouse assay. After SDS-PAGE, the precipitate
      from this TSF-MA conjugate showed that the antiserum bound a single 32,000 mol wt
      component, indicating the monospecificity of the MA. MA directed toward human TSF
      will allow studies that were not previously possible.

PMID- 3703870
TI  - Chronic theophylline administration has no apparent effect on theophylline
      concentrations required to produce seizures in rats.
AB  - Theophylline, the widely used antiasthmatic drug, can cause life-threatening,
      generalized seizures when administered in excessive doses. The plasma
      concentrations of theophylline associated with these seizures vary widely among
      patients, thereby complicating efforts to prevent seizures by timely initiation
      of appropriate treatment. Some investigators suspect that chronic administration
      increases the neurotoxicity of theophylline but others have suggested the
      opposite. We have studied this problem in an animal model of theophylline-induced
      seizures. Osmotic pumps containing theophylline solution or drug-free solvent
      (for the surgical control group) were implanted in adult female Lewis rats,
      yielding almost constant serum theophylline concentrations of about 14 mg/liter
      for 7 days in the treated group. On the seventh day, theophylline was
      administered by much more rapid iv infusion to the two groups of animals and to
      one nonimplanted (nonsurgical) control group until onset of maximal seizures.
      There were no statistically significant differences between the three groups with
      respect to the concentrations of theophylline in serum, serum water, brain, and
      cerebrospinal fluid at onset of seizures. The concentrations of theophylline
      metabolites were either very low or undetectable. Under the experimental
      conditions, preexposure of rats for 7 days to theophylline in the human
      therapeutic concentration range had no apparent effect on the acute neurotoxicity
      of the drug.

PMID- 3703871
TI  - Hepatic collagen production in the rat is unaffected by methotrexate.
AB  - Methotrexate (MTX) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis.
      However, no information exists regarding the effects of MTX on hepatic collagen
      metabolism. Therefore, we studied the role of MTX in hepatic collagen production
      in vivo in rats receiving an 8-week course of varying doses of MTX. Twenty-four
      hours prior to sacrifice animals received an injection of [5-3H]proline. Collagen
      was extracted with hot trichloroacetic acid and the proteinbound
      [3H]hydroxyproline was used as a measure of de novo collagen production. The
      hepatic collagen content was essentially the same in the control and treatment
      groups in spite of evidence of hepatotoxicity. Similarly, no significant
      differences were present among the control and MTX-treated groups in the de novo
      absolute collagen production. In summary, we found no evidence of increased
      hepatic fibrogenesis in small groups of animals after 8 weeks of treatment with
      MTX. Data clearly supporting the claim that MTX itself is responsible for hepatic
      fibrosis are lacking.

PMID- 3703872
TI  - Effect of mammalian growth hormone and prolactin on the growth of
      hypophysectomized chickens.
AB  - Body weight gain and shank-toe growth during a 26-day treatment period following
      hypophysectomy were 55 and 46%, respectively, of control values, but the body
      weight gain was unaffected and bone growth only slightly reduced when the
      hypophysectomized chickens were fed a low dose of corticosterone (5 ppm). Bovine
      growth hormone (0.5 mg GH/kg body wt/day for 18 days) enhanced body weight gain
      and shank-toe length increase (an estimate of bone growth) by 46 and 33%,
      respectively, compared to the growth of hypophysectomized chickens receiving only
      corticosterone. These same endpoints were increased approximately 24% after ovine
      growth hormone treatment in hypophysectomized chickens not receiving
      corticosterone. Body weight gain during 18 days of treatment with bovine
      prolactin (0.5 mg PRL/kg/day) was 27% greater than the value for corticosterone
      treated hypophysectomized chickens, but bone growth was unaffected. The mammalian
      GH preparations increased heart weight of the hypophysectomized chickens (25
      29%), but pectoralis muscle weight was unaffected. GH treatment enhanced thymal
      weights by 71% in corticosterone-treated hypophysectomized chickens, and by 93%
      in hypophysectomized animals not receiving corticosterone. GH had no significant
      effect on bursal weights, and PRL had no effect on either of these lymphoid organ
      weights in corticosterone-treated hypophysectomized chickens. GH increased liver
      and adipose tissue weights considerably more than the large increases that
      followed treatment of hypophysectomized chickens with corticosterone alone (69
      and 126% greater, respectively), but had no effect on these endpoints in
      hypophysectomized chickens not receiving corticosterone. PRL also greatly
      increased liver and adipose tissue weights in corticosterone-treated
      hypophysectomized chickens (79 and 75%, respectively). These results provide
      evidence that mammalian GH enhances body weight gain, bone growth, and the growth
      of several organs in the hypophysectomized chicken. Mammalian PRL increased body
      weight gain, liver weight, and adipose tissue weight in corticosterone-treated
      hypophysectomized chickens, but did not influence bone growth or the weights of
      the heart, pectoralis, thymi, or bursa.

PMID- 3703873
TI  - Methionine dependency of cultured human lymphocytes.
AB  - Human peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin and a
      lymphocyte model consisting of the RPMI 6410 cell, a human virus-transformed B
      cell, required added methionine (Met) for growth of the cultures. This failure to
      meet all needs for Met via endogenous synthesis, which is characteristic of
      oncogenic transformation, occurred even in the presence of adequate homocysteine,
      methylfolate (5-CH3-H4PteGlu) and cobalamin (Cbl)-dependent methionine synthetase
      activity. Folinic acid (5-CHO-H4PteGlu), which provides available folate
      independently of Cbl, improved growth only slightly in the absence of Met. Free
      Cbl at 222 nM, an amount great enough to alter other intracellular events, failed
      to increase growth in the absence of Met, but 0.22 nM Cbl bound to transcobalamin
      II did, however, enhance growth.

PMID- 3703874
TI  - Heritability of plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in swine.
AB  - Three-hundred and eighteen female swine representing contemporary commercial
      swine breeds (34 Chester White, 43 Large White, 42 Landrace, 40 Yorkshire, and
      159 four-breed crossbreeds) were used to evaluate genetic variation between and
      within breeds for levels of plasma cholesterol and plasma triglycerides. Blood
      was sampled from all pigs after a 16-hr fast at 154 days of age. Plasma
      cholesterol was measured in all pigs and triglycerides were measured in 232 pigs.
      Paternal half-sib heritabilities (h2) for plasma cholesterol and plasma
      triglycerides were 0.45 +/- 0.23 and 1.04 +/- 0.32, respectively. Breed
      differences were not apparent for either trait. Phenotypic and paternal half-sib
      genetic correlations between the two traits were 0.16 and 0.66, respectively.
      Neither body weight nor backfat depth were important in affecting the estimate of
      h2 for either trait. The relatively high h2 of total plasma cholesterol and of
      total triglycerides offers the possibility of developing, through selection,
      populations of hypercholesterolemic or hypertriglyceridemic swine useful as
      models for studies directed toward further understanding of human cardiovascular
      disease.

PMID- 3703875
TI  - Increased arterial potassium transport in reduced renal mass hypertension of the
      rat.
AB  - Aortic potassium turnover was studied during the development of hypertension
      induced by salt load in male rats after 70-75% of total renal mass was removed.
      Systolic blood pressure in the saline-drinking experimental reduced renal mass
      (RRM) rats steadily increased until the fourth week after surgery and thereafter
      stayed at the same level. Control RRM rats given tap water for drinking, and
      unilaterally nephrectomized saline-drinking control rats maintained normal blood
      pressure. Compared to controls, experimental RRM rats exhibited increased plasma
      aldosterone concentration while plasma renin activity was low in all groups with
      no significant difference. Aortic hypertrophy, greater 42K turnover, and elevated
      42K exchange were observed with experimental RRM hypertension. Sensitivity to the
      effect of norepinephrine (NE) on aortic 42K turnover was increased four- to
      ninefold in the experimental RRM group as compared to controls. These results
      indicate that reduced renal mass hypertension is associated with increased
      potassium permeability and NE supersensitivity in vascular smooth muscle.

PMID- 3703876
TI  - Transplacental diffusion in a bicornuate uterus: comparison of uterine blood flow
      and oxygen uptake between horns.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine whether samples from the veins of the
      pregnant and the nonpregnant horn of the uterus lead to similar estimates of
      uterine blood flow and oxygen consumption. To accomplish this, a comparison of
      uterine blood flow, arteriovenous differences of oxygen content, and oxygen
      consumption measured by sampling the venous drainages of the two uterine horns
      was performed on eight pregnant sheep during the last 20 days of pregnancy. Each
      sheep carried a single fetus. Umbilical and uterine blood flows were measured
      with the test substances ethanol and antipyrine by application of the steady
      state diffusion method. Twenty-three measurements of uterine blood flow comparing
      the two horns were not significantly different (P greater than 0.1), and were
      highly correlated (r = 0.98). The ratio of the oxygen content arteriovenous
      difference in the pregnant to that in the nonpregnant horn and the ratio of the
      uterine blood flow in the nonpregnant to that in the pregnant horn were
      significantly correlated (r = 0.7). As a consequence, paired calculations of
      oxygen consumption for the whole pregnant uterus had a small coefficient of
      variation (+/- 3.7%). These results demonstrate that the use of highly diffusible
      test substances for the measurement of uterine blood flow in pregnant sheep can
      provide accurate data for the calculation of uterine oxygen uptake, in part
      because the oxygen and test substance molecules are similarly affected by local
      variations in placental perfusion.

PMID- 3703877
TI  - Analogous recognition of phospholipids by insect phagocytes and mammalian
      macrophages.
AB  - Phagocytic cells from larvae of the moth Heliothis virescens and peritoneal
      macrophages of mice were observed to preferentially bind negatively charged
      phospholipid vesicles containing phosphatidylglycerol or phosphatidylserine as
      compared to neutral or positively charged vesicles. Since phagocytes have
      retained their primitive function of endocytosis throughout evolution, the
      recognition of negatively charged phospholipids may be a primitive mechanism for
      the identification of potential targets by macrophages.

PMID- 3703878
TI  - Culture of rabbit pulmonary Clara cells.
AB  - Rabbit pulmonary Clara cells isolated by centrifugal elutriation have been
      cultured for several weeks. Clara cells generally adhered poorly to plastic but
      the cells did attach to coated substrates. A selected medium supported serial
      subculture of Clara cells for 4-5 passages (1:2 split). The medium consisted of a
      basal nutrient medium, alpha MEM, supplemented with insulin, transferrin,
      epidermal growth factor, D-glucose, biotin, alpha-tocopherol, pituitary extract,
      trace elements and 2% Sephadex G-10-filtered FBS. Freshly prepared Clara cells
      showed high capacity to activate 2-aminofluorene (AF) to mutagenic products.
      However, after 6 weeks of culture the mutagenic activation of AF was reduced by
      92.5% indicating loss of cytochrome P-450.

PMID- 3703879
TI  - Human breast milk stimulates bile acid secretion by fetal rabbit liver in organ
      culture.
AB  - Fetal livers from rabbits at 30 days of gestation were grown in organ culture and
      the effect of human milk added to the culture medium on the ability of liver to
      excrete bile acids (cholylglycine) was examined. Human breast milk promoted a
      concentration related increase in cholylglycine accumulation in the medium. The
      factor(s) present in milk responsible for this effect appear to be non-protein in
      nature and is associated with the floating lipid fraction. Furthermore, milk
      enhances the integrity of liver explants, as established by light microscopy.

PMID- 3703880
TI  - Effect of dopamine agonists and antagonists on neurotensin-induced
      antinociception.
AB  - In previous reports, we have demonstrated that intracisternal (IC) administration
      of neurotensin (NT), an endogenous tridecapeptide, produces significant
      antinociception in a variety of analgesic tests, including the hot-plate test. In
      addition, many of the central nervous system effects of NT (i.e., hypothermia,
      gastric cytoprotection) appear to be mediated by brain dopamine (DA) systems. In
      this study, we evaluated the effect of selected DA agonists and antagonists on NT
      induced antinociception in the hot-plate test with mice. Doses, route of
      administration, and pretreatment interval were determined from the available
      literature to significantly affect the incidence of DA-dependent behaviors.
      Pretreatment with chlorpromazine but not haloperidol significantly potentiated NT
      induced antinociception. This potentiating effect of chlorpromazine appears not
      to be due to any intrinsic antinociceptive activity of this agent, chlorpromazine
      had no significant effect on hot-plate latencies when administered alone. The
      involvement of DA on NT-induced antinociception was further substantiated by the
      findings that pretreatment with several DA receptor agonists, including
      methylphenidate, apomorphine, and d-amphetamine, significantly antagonized the
      antinociceptive response to IC NT. None of these agents significantly altered the
      animal's response to the hot-plate when administered alone. The data furnished in
      the present report suggest that central DA circuits may be involved in the
      expression of NT-induced antinociception.

PMID- 3703881
TI  - Reactivity to amphetamine in perinatally undernourished rats: behavioral and
      neurochemical correlates.
AB  - Adult rats deprived at perinatal age and then rehabilitated on balanced chow were
      treated with a multiple amphetamine (AMPH) schedule (2 mg/kg/48 hr) and
      submitted, on days of injections, to an open-field test. Throughout 11 sessions,
      deprived rats showed a progressive increase of locomotor activity as compared
      with controls. Stereotyped activity evaluated during the AMPH treatment did not
      differ between control and deprived animals. No differences were detected in
      basal values of the dopaminergic function measured in naive control and deprived
      animals. By the end of the multiple AMPH treatment, a reduction of striatal DA
      and DOPAC levels together with a lower apparent DA turnover rate was detected in
      deprived animals. Besides, DA receptor binding was significantly increased in
      striatum from deprived rats as compared with controls. These results demonstrate
      that a repeated AMPH treatment, that was unable to alter the normal behavior of
      control rats, produced in early undernourished animals a progressive
      sensitization to AMPH effects, in addition to significant changes in the striatal
      dopaminergic function.

PMID- 3703882
TI  - A behavioral analysis of the effects of amphetamine on play and locomotor
      activity in the post-weaning rat.
AB  - Amphetamine has been shown to canalize or direct the activity of a young rat
      towards ethologically relevant stimuli. In the five-day-old, amphetamine
      increases the speed of approach to the nipple of an anesthetized dam; in the 15
      day-old, amphetamine increases motor activity and directs it toward an
      anesthetized adult, however, in the juvenile rat amphetamine reportedly disrupts
      species-specific behaviors such as huddling and play. The present experiments
      further assessed the effects of amphetamine in the post-weaning rat by measuring
      drug-induced behaviors in the presence of an alert and anesthetized companion. In
      Experiment 1, subjects were videotaped in the presence of an alert non-treated,
      same-age rat and components of play, a predominant behavior of the post-weaning
      rat, were recorded. Results confirmed previous reports that low doses of
      amphetamine (0.5 mg/kg) disrupt play behavior, however, in the present experiment
      higher doses of amphetamine (1.0 mg/kg) did not disrupt the percentage of time
      spent in play. Further analysis of drug-induced behavior revealed that the 1.0
      mg/kg amphetamine-injected rat engaged in play with the companion, although the
      drug-treated animal did exhibit marked alterations in the flexibility of its
      motor patterns. The second experiment confirmed that amphetamine did not disrupt
      the amount of time a juvenile rat spent with an anesthetized age-mate. In fact,
      amphetamine-induced activity was directed towards the anesthesized same-age rat.
      Following amphetamine treatment, all subjects were active nearly 100% of the
      observation period whether they were tested alone or in the presence of an
      anesthetized same-age rat.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3703883
TI  - Bias of morphine generalization to cyclazocine by drug history.
AB  - Pigeons trained to discriminate morphine from saline under a color tracking
      procedure received cumulative doses of cyclazocine after various regimens of
      daily morphine or saline administration. Cyclazocine generalization curves were
      obtained after zero, one, two, or six completely drug-free days. In four or five
      animals, cyclazocine produced more response generalization to morphine after six
      drug free days than after no drug free days. In two animals the cyclazocine dose
      effect generalization curves were generally shifted to the left with increased
      time from last drug exposure. Morphine response generalization to cyclazocine was
      also related to the degree of stimulus control evident in the non-drug (saline)
      condition during early portions of the subjects' experimental histories. The less
      stimulus control evident in the non-drug (saline) condition (i.e., the more
      morphine-appropriate responses made after saline injections and the greater
      variability of such responding), the more likely it was to obtain morphine
      appropriate responding after cyclazocine administration.

PMID- 3703884
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of ethanol in pigtailed macaques: intersubject variability and
      effect of subchronic administration.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of IV ethanol (0.6 g/kg) were examined in 11 male colony
      bred pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) aged 3 to 13 years. The animals were
      either chaired during blood sampling (4 hr) or connected to a tether system that
      allowed injections and blood sampling while the animal moved freely about its
      cage. In all instances, ethanol pharmacokinetics could be described by a single
      Michaelis-Menten function; inclusion of a parallel first-order rate constant to
      account for non-alcohol dehydrogenase elimination of ethanol did not improve the
      fit. Volume of distribution was 0.802 +/- 0.054 L/kg (mean +/- SD), Km (the
      apparent in vivo Michaelis constant) was 0.063 +/- 0.022 micrograms/ml, and Vmax
      was 0.199 +/- 0.039 g/kg/hr. The pharmacokinetic parameter values of chaired and
      tethered monkeys did not differ. Three of the tethered monkeys received 3 g/kg of
      ethanol daily for two weeks by IV infusion (subchronic administration). Ethanol
      pharmacokinetics, determined on five occasions before and five occasions after
      subchronic ethanol administration, showed that the treatment did not alter the
      volume of distribution or Km in any of the three monkeys. The value of Vmax
      increased approximately 23% in one of the three monkeys that received subchronic
      ethanol; this increase may have been due to a single, inadvertent administration
      of a 4.5-g/kg dose over a 20-min period. Vmax did not change in the other two
      monkeys.

PMID- 3703885
TI  - Effects of food, mild stress, and distributed intake on the absorption and plasma
      concentration-time profile of orally ingested ethanol in pigtailed macaques.
AB  - To evaluate the possibility of estimating ethanol plasma level from a record of
      voluntary intake, the effects of food, mild stress, and distributed dosing on the
      fraction of ethanol absorbed and the relative exposure to circulating blood
      ethanol were determined in four adult male pigtailed macaques (Macaca
      nemestrina). The animals received 0.6 g/kg ethanol IV and orally after an 18-hour
      fast, after a small meal, and under mild stress; distributed dosing was evaluated
      for the oral route only. The concentration-time profile for the oral/fasting
      condition was very similar to that following an IV dose. The dose was completely
      absorbed and peak plasma level occurred about 30 min after ingestion. Peak plasma
      concentration was reduced by 42% following a small meal, 29% following mild
      stress, and 18% following distribution of the dose over 60 min. The time to peak
      concentration was more than doubled by distributed dosing. Relative exposure was
      reduced by 18 to 27% by all conditions of oral administration except feeding,
      which caused a 52% reduction. The fraction of ethanol absorbed was influenced
      only by feeding, which caused a reduction of 20%. The magnitude of changes in
      concentration-time profile produced by such factors precludes accurate estimation
      of blood levels from records of voluntary intake. Furthermore, the effects of
      social factors on voluntary ethanol consumption may be mediated by centrally
      controlled changes in gastrointestinal function that alter the rate and extent of
      absorption of the drug.

PMID- 3703886
TI  - Effects of drugs, age and illumination on response speed of squirrel monkeys.
AB  - Four young (2 1/2 years) and four older (over 10 years) squirrel monkeys were
      used to study age differences in the effects of d-amphetamine, methylphenidate
      and illumination on response speed. Although young monkeys were faster than the
      old monkeys, only the older monkeys showed an illumination effect. Both d
      amphetamine and methylphenidate slowed response speed but only in the older
      monkeys showed an illumination illumination was present. These results suggest
      that older, mature squirrel monkeys are more sensitive to the effects of d
      amphetamine, methylphenidate and illumination than young squirrel monkeys.

PMID- 3703887
TI  - Brain histamine regulation following chronic diazepam treatment and stress.
AB  - Chronic diazepam treatment (5 mg/kg intragastrically, twice daily for 14 days)
      did not influence either hypothalamic, midbrain or cortical histamine (HA) levels
      or histidine decarboxylase (HD) activity in male Sprague-Dawley (200-220 g) rats.
      However, a small but significant decrease in hypothalamic HA concentration and
      significantly increased HD activity was seen following diazepam withdrawal. Air
      blast stress induced a significant elevation in hypothalamic HA levels and HD
      activity in vehicle-treated controls, diazepam-treated and diazepam-withdrawn
      rats, but the change in HD activity was significantly greater in the last group.
      The latter group also displayed the greatest elevation in plasma corticosterone
      levels in response to stress. Hence, diazepam withdrawal in rats results in some
      changes in the basal hypothalamic HA regulation and may influence the
      hypothalamic HA and corticosterone response to stress.

PMID- 3703888
TI  - On the involvement of the central cholinergic system in memory deficits induced
      by long term ethanol consumption in mice.
AB  - Male mice of the BALB/c strain were given a solution of 12% v/v ethanol as their
      only source of fluid for 7 months. Memory performance was tested after ethanol
      was omitted from the diet for 3 to 9 weeks, and was compared with performance of
      control animals (no ethanol) which had been pair-fed or had received tap water.
      The spontaneous alternation task that was used consisted of two forced trials
      (acquisition) followed, at varying intervals ranging from 30 sec to 6 hr, by a
      free test trial (retention). Experimental subjects exhibited an accelerated rate
      of decay of spontaneous alternation, reaching chance level at 6 hours. All
      animals were then tested at this 6-hour interval following injections of either
      physostigmine or neostigmine that were given before both acquisition and
      retention (0.05 mg/kg IP). Results showed that physostigmine, but not
      neostigmine, dramatically improved performance of alcohol-treated subjects.
      Parallel neurochemical analysis showed that chronic ethanol treatment induced a
      slight (12%) but significant decrease in hippocampal sodium-dependent high
      affinity choline uptake. Though these findings suggest that the observed memory
      deficits (i.e., an accelerated rate of forgetting) might be related to a
      cholinergic dysfunction, alternative explanations are also proposed.

PMID- 3703889
TI  - Effects of L-ascorbic acid on ethanol-induced central nervous system depression
      in mice.
AB  - Male Swiss-Webster mice were administered ethanol immediately before a motor
      coordination test. Controls and animals treated with 1, 2 or 3 g/kg, IP, of
      ethanol remained on a suspended meter stick for 240 +/- 0, 232 +/- 8, 93 +/- 2
      and 75 +/- 5 sec, respectively. Blood ethanol levels at the end of the test
      period (4 min) or when the animal fell from the meter stick were 1.02 +/- 0.03,
      2.13 +/- 0.09 and 2.24 +/- 0.07 mg/ml for the 1, 2 and 3 g/kg dose of ethanol,
      respectively. Thirty min prior to ethanol (2 g/kg, IP) animals received L
      ascorbic acid in doses of 500 or 1000 mg/kg, IP. Both doses of L-ascorbic acid
      significantly enhanced the duration of time that the animals spent on the meter
      stick. When animals were given 1 g/kg, IP, of ethanol their rate of walking
      (cm/min) on the meter stick was significantly increased over controls.
      Administration of L-ascorbic acid (1000 mg/kg, IP) 30 min prior to ethanol (1
      g/kg) did not change the rate of locomotion. In experiments on ethanol-induced
      hypnosis (sleep-time), animals received L-ascorbic acid (250, 500, 1000 or 1500
      mg/kg, IP) or saline 30 min prior to ethanol (4 g/kg, IP). L-ascorbic acid
      increased the time of onset of hypnosis significantly at doses of 1000 and 1500
      mg/kg. With these doses of L-ascorbic acid sleep duration and blood ethanol
      content were not altered. L-ascorbic acid, however, increased ethanol-induced
      hypnosis at a dose of 500 mg/kg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3703890
TI  - Effects of anticonvulsant drugs under automaintenance and negative
      automaintenance procedures.
AB  - The behavioral effects of phenytoin, phenobarbital, clonazepam, valproic acid,
      and ethosuximide were evaluated in food-deprived pigeons performing under
      automaintenance and negative automaintenance procedures. Under the
      automaintenance procedure, brief periods of key illumination were followed by
      food delivery without regard to the subject's behavior. In most instances, when
      drugs were not given this procedure engendered high rates of keypecking during
      almost all key illuminations (trials). Acute administrations of phenytoin (10-20
      mg/kg), valproic acid (40-120 mg/kg), and ethosuximide (40-120 mg/kg) produced
      generally dose-dependent decreases in percent trials with a response and rate of
      responding. Although phenobarbital (30-60 mg/kg) and clonazepam (2.5-7.5 mg/kg)
      produced little obvious effect on percent trials with a response, these drugs
      generally increased rate of responding. Under the negative automaintenance
      procedure, food delivery followed only key illuminations during which keypecking
      did not occur. Keypecking occurred at a low rate under this procedure, with no
      responses occurring during the majority of key illuminations. Thus, this
      procedure appeared to involve responding elicited by respondent conditioning but
      suppressed by the response-dependent omission of food. Across the same dose
      ranges evaluated under the automaintenance procedure, clonazepam and
      phenobarbital generally increased percent trials with a response and rate of
      responding in dose-dependent fashion. Phenytoin similarly increased percent
      trials with a response but had little consistent effect on rate of responding.
      Ethosuximide and valproic acid failed to affect responding under this procedure.

PMID- 3703891
TI  - Lack of evidence for the involvement of catecholaminergic mechanisms in the
      behavioral anti-methamphetamine effect of L-histidine in the mouse.
AB  - The effects of L-histidine (HIS) on the hypermotility and the changes in brain
      monoamine dynamics induced by methamphetamine (MAMP) were examined in mice. HIS
      (1000 mg/kg) completely inhibited the hypermotility induced by MAMP (1 mg/kg).
      MAMP (1 mg/kg) significantly increased the dopamine level and decreased the 3,4
      dihydroxyphenylacetic acid level. MAMP (5 and 10 mg/kg) also produced changes in
      the levels of noradrenaline, serotonin and their metabolites. HIS administered
      alone caused no significant changes in the levels of these amines and
      metabolites, nor did it affect MAMP-induced alterations in monoamine dynamics.
      These results suggest that catecholaminergic mechanisms are not involved in the
      behavioral anti-MAMP action of HIS.

PMID- 3703892
TI  - Short-term feeding-related changes in mediodorsal hypothalamic catecholamine
      release.
AB  - Release of noradrenaline (NA), adrenaline (A) and dopamine (DA) was measured in
      vivo per minute before and after food presentation in satiated rats that had a
      cannula in the mediodorsal hypothalamic area (MDH). Release of NA was
      significantly increased above baseline during a period of a few minutes in which
      feeding took place. In the period following feeding there were peaks in the
      release of both NA and A. In DA release no changes were observed. Since a
      statistical correlation between release of NA or A and locomotor activity was not
      found, it is suggested that the increased release of NA and A is specifically
      related to food-motivated behavior.

PMID- 3703893
TI  - Comparative behavioral effects of anticholinergic agents in cats: psychomotor
      stimulation and aggression.
AB  - The effect on behavior of eight anticholinergic agents: atropine, scopolamine,
      trihexyphenidyl, biperiden, homatropine, eucatropine, hexocyclium and
      propantheline, injected into the cerebral ventricle (ICV) of the cat was
      investigated and compared. The anticholinergic agents evoked: (1) psychomotor
      stimulation such as miaowing, loud calling, restlessness, impelling locomotion,
      jumping, vacant staring, apprehension and loss of interest of the surroundings;
      (2) aggression, hissing, threat, attack, defense, fighting with paws and flight;
      (3) autonomic responses including mydriasis, tachypnea, dyspnea, licking,
      vomiting, salivation, micturition and defection; and (4) motor phenomena
      comprising scratching, ataxia, rigidity, tremor, weakness with adynamia or
      myoclonic jerks. Convulsions appeared only after ICV injections of atropine and
      homatropine. The most characteristic behavioral effect of anticholinergic agents
      was psychomotor stimulation accompanied by mild aggressive responses. The only
      exception was propantheline which caused a muscular weakness and adynamia.
      Atropine and scopolamine alone induced a dose-dependent impelling locomotion as
      well as fighting behavior. Carbachol and eserine injected
      intracerebroventricularly reversed the locomotion autonomic and motor phenomena
      produced by anticholinergic agents administered similarly. It is suggested that
      anticholinergic agents acting as partial agonists, can produce their behavioral
      effects through central cholinoceptive sites.

PMID- 3703894
TI  - Effects of different cigarette smoke yields on puffing and inhalation: is the
      measurement of inhalation volumes relevant for smoke absorption?
AB  - Puffing patterns (number of puffs, puff volume, puff duration, puff interval,
      peak pressure, peak flow, peak latency), respiratory smoke inhalation (postpuff
      inspiratory latency, volume and time and postpuff expiratory volume and time),
      and the pre- to postsmoking boost of tidal air CO concentration were analyzed in
      117 regular smokers. They smoked both a cigarette of the habitual brand and a
      second cigarette of a brand with about 40 to 50% lower machine standard smoke
      yields and the most similar taste quality. The pre- to postsmoking CO boost
      remained unrelated to the smoke deliveries of the cigarettes in both comparisons
      (interindividual and switching). Estimated mouth intake of nicotine was strongly
      dependent on the smoke yield variables of the cigarettes but remained
      uncorrelated with CO absorption. The discrepancy between mouth smoke intake and
      alveolar smoke absorption could not be explained by the volumes or durations of
      the postpuff respiratory cycle. Multiple regression analyses suggested
      differential modes of control for the daily number of cigarettes smoked, for the
      patterns of puffing, for respiratory inhalation, and finally for alveolar CO
      absorption. The results are discussed in relation to the dynamics of puffing and
      inhalation and their possible relevance for tobacco-related diseases.

PMID- 3703895
TI  - Morphine discrimination in the pigeon using a color tracking procedure.
AB  - Pigeons were trained to discriminate 5.0 mg/kg morphine from saline. After
      morphine, subjects tracked the location of red response keys and after saline,
      the location of green keys. When stimulus generalization to other drugs was
      investigated dl-methadone produced morphine-like responding and this response
      generalization was primarily due to the l-isomer. Pretreatment with 1.0 mg/kg
      naloxone shifted the morphine generalization curve 10-fold to the right but only
      shifted the rate suppression curve 3-fold to the right. dl-Cyclazocine generated
      dose-related increases in responding on the red key location and in 3 of 5 birds,
      responses after 1.0 mg/kg were indistinguishable from those after morphine
      training doses. Meperidine did not produce responding on the red keys, nor did
      diazepam, cocaine, d-amphetamine, phencyclidine or pentobarbital. The
      discriminative stimulus effects of morphine are thus stereo-selective and
      pharmacologically specific. Generalization of responding to dl-cyclazocine but
      not to phencyclidine suggests that the morphine-like discriminative dl
      cyclazocine cue was not due to interaction at sigma opiate receptors.

PMID- 3703896
TI  - Weight loss induced by chronic phenylpropanolamine: anorexia and brown adipose
      tissue thermogenesis.
AB  - The effects of chronic treatment with phenylpropanolamine (PPA) on body weight
      (BW), food intake (FI), and water intake (WI) and interscapular brown adipose
      tissue (IBAT) thermogenesis in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were evaluated in 2
      experiments. In Experiment 1, rats were treated (IP) twice daily (0900 and 2100
      hr) for 12 days with either saline or 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg dl-PPA. Rats treated
      with 20 mg/kg dl-PPA exhibited significant decreases in both FI and BW but not
      WI. Basal IBAT temperature was slightly increased in chronic 20 mg/kg dl-PPA rats
      and there was no evidence of tolerance to the acute IBAT thermogenic effect of 20
      mg/kg dl-PPA. In Experiment 2, rats were treated twice daily (0900 and 2100 hr)
      for 12 days with either saline or 20 mg/kg of either d-PPA or l-PPA. There was a
      2-fold difference in the potency of these PPA isomers on FI, BW and IBAT
      thermogenesis. Body composition analyses revealed that l-PPA, but not d-PPA,
      induced a significant loss of carcass lipid without significant changes in
      carcass ash, water or protein levels. These data suggest that the weight-reducing
      action of PPA may reflect a combined effect of this drug on both food intake and
      BAT thermogenesis.

PMID- 3703897
TI  - Effect of low dose ethanol on spontaneous motor activity in alcohol-preferring
      and -nonpreferring lines of rats.
AB  - To determine if behavioral arousal may be associated with ethanol preference, the
      effects of low to moderate doses of ethanol on spontaneous motor activity (SMA)
      were studied in the selectively bred alcohol-preferring (P) and -nonpreferring
      (NP) lines of rats as well as in the Maudsley Reactive (MR/N) and Nonreactive
      (MNR/N) strains. Alcohol-naive rats had food and water available ad lib, but food
      was removed 24 hr before and during activity testing. After an intraperitoneal
      injection of saline (5 ml) or ethanol (0.12 to 1.5 g/kg), SMA was monitored every
      three min for 30 min in an electronic activity monitor. The P and MR/N rats
      exhibited increased SMA after doses of 0.12 and 0.25 g/kg. Both the NP and MNR/N
      rats failed to show increased SMA at any ethanol dose. Moderate doses of ethanol,
      1.0 and 1.5 g/kg, consistently depressed SMA in all lines/strains. In 24 hr
      fasted rats, increased SMA occurred within 6-12 min after injection, but free-fed
      rats exhibited increased SMA 12-24 min after an ethanol dose of 0.25 g/kg. Free
      choice drinking scores (10% ethanol (v/v) versus water) for the P, MR/N, MNR/N
      and NP rats were 6.6 +/- 0.5, 4.9 +/- 0.8, 2.2 +/- 0.7 and 1.4 +/- 0.3 g
      ethanol/kg body wt/day (mean +/- SEM), respectively. The data indicate a positive
      relationship between ethanol preference and ethanol-induced motor stimulation and
      suggest that hyperactivity may be an expression of the positive reinforcing
      effect of ethanol for alcohol-preferring rats.

PMID- 3703898
TI  - Ethanol administration in the drinking fluid to pregnant rats as a model for the
      fetal alcohol syndrome.
AB  - Addition of ethanol (ET) to the drinking fluid of pregnant rats has been
      questioned as an experimental model for the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). This
      model, however, closely simulates human alcohol intake, and in this study we used
      a modified version of previous protocols to overcome their major defects. A group
      of female rats was given 10% ET in drinking fluid for one week, 15% for the
      second week, 20% for the third, and 25% for the fourth, at the end of which they
      were mated with non-treated males and given 25% ET throughout gestation. Three
      groups of non-ET treated sex and age-matched rats were studied in parallel: (1)
      normal controls receiving solid diet ad lib, (2) paired fed rats, and (3) rats
      fed ad lib the solid diet mixed with 50% fiber. In the ET group, food intake
      decreased as ET consumption augmented, the ET calories comprising over 30% of the
      total energy intake during pregnancy. Total energy intake was similar for ET
      group and normal controls, and was higher than in paired fed animals or those on
      50% fiber diet. Body weight gain in ET rats was similar to those on 50% fiber
      diet, lower than in normal controls and higher than in paired fed animals. At the
      21st day of gestation, rats on ET had plasma ethanol levels of 147 +/- 18 mg/dl
      and higher plasma osmolality than in the other groups studied. In ET rats, fetal
      body weight was lower than in either normal controls or rats on 50% fiber diet,
      and fetal body length was shorter than in any other group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3703899
TI  - Neurochemical and behavioral effects of catecholamine and protein synthesis
      inhibitors in mice.
AB  - A series of biochemical and behavioral experiments tested the hypothesis that
      anisomycin (ANI), a protein synthesis inhibitor, produced decrements in long-term
      memory by raising free tyrosine levels and by the accumulation of catecholamines
      (CAs) rather than by its primary effect on protein synthesis. We compared the
      effects of ANI and three catecholamine synthesis inhibitors (CAIs)-
      diethyldithiocarbamic acid, alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, and tetrabenazine--on
      cerebral concentrations of tyrosine and CAs and on the rate of accumulation of
      CAs. ANI had a relatively small effect, whereas the CAIs resulted in large
      reductions. When ANI and a CAI were used in combination, effects on CA levels
      were determined mainly by the CAI. The amnestic effects of ANI and the CAIs were
      also compared across seven experimental paradigms. Pretraining administration of
      any of the four drugs could result in amnesia for passive avoidance training, but
      only when training was weak. With an increase in training strength, a series of
      three injections of ANI (one pre- and two post-training) caused amnesia, but a
      similar series of CAI injections did not. Substituting one CAI injection for the
      second of three successive ANI injections did not cause amnesia, but substituting
      cycloheximide, another protein synthesis inhibitor, resulted in amnesia. With an
      active avoidance test, ANI caused amnesia while AMPT did not; d-amphetamine
      blocked the amnestic effect of ANI but caused amnesia in AMPT injected mice.
      Whereas ANI lengthened the temporal gradient over which electroconvulsive shock
      produced amnesia, AMPT or DDC did not. DDC caused only transient amnesia for
      passive avoidance training, while the amnestic effect of ANI remained constant at
      24-hr and 1-week retention tests. We conclude that ANI and CAIs have distinctly
      different abilities to produce amnesia. These experiments provide additional
      support for the hypothesis that protein synthesis is required for formation of
      long-term memory.

PMID- 3703900
TI  - Dextrofenfluramine increases energy cost of muscular effort.
AB  - A peripheral action of dextrofenfluramine (d.FF) was investigated. The effects of
      d.FF on total energy expenditure (TEE), locomotor activity (LA), and respiratory
      quotient (RQ) were quantitatively monitored for 22 hours by a computerized
      metabolic device. The precise temporal evolution of RQ allowed calculation of
      glucidic versus lipidic substrates used in all instances. It appeared that in
      d.FF-treated rats, TEE and resting energy expenditure (REE) were not
      significantly changed, RQ and LA were significantly decreased. Moreover, in d.FF
      treated rats. LA induced a two to five fold increase energy expenditure over
      vehicle-treated control subjects and it was observed that there was an LA related
      increase in RQ which was not observed in control subjects. Therefore, d.FF causes
      LA to be a highly inefficient process by inducing what seems to be an exaggerated
      catabolism of glucides. These may be only partially used for muscular contraction
      because it was calculated from relative changes in RQ and TEE during LA that 70%
      of the catabolized glucides seems to be diverted toward lipogenesis. This process
      probably represents the way futile cycles are triggered by d.FF in order to
      exacerbate LA associated energy cost.

PMID- 3703901
TI  - Pizotifen (BC-105) attenuates orienting and Pavlovian heart rate conditioning in
      rabbits.
AB  - The cardiac component of the orienting reflex (OR) was elicited in rabbits by 75
      dB, 4-sec duration tones of either 304 or 1216 Hz. The conditioned cardiac
      response was also studied using the same tones and paraorbital electric shock as
      conditioned and unconditioned stimuli, respectively, using a differential
      Pavlovian conditioning paradigm. Subcutaneous injections of the central 5-HT
      antagonist pizotifen (BC-105), the peripheral 5-HT antagonist xylamidine, the
      central 5-HT agonist d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and LSD in conjunction
      with BC-105 were administered 15 min prior to behavioral assessment. Both the
      heart rate (HR) conditioned response (CR) and the OR consisted of bradycardia. BC
      105 attenuated, but xylamidine had no effect on, OR habituation. LSD reduced the
      magnitude of the OR, an effect which was blocked by BC-105. BC-105 also produced
      a dose-related attenuation of the bradycardiac HR CR; however, xylamidine had no
      effect on HR conditioning, suggesting that the attenuation of the HR CR by BC-105
      was central rather than peripheral in origin. LSD potentiated the bradycardiac HR
      CR, but BC-105 in conjunction with LSD attenuated this response. These results
      suggest that central 5-HT neurons may modulate the magnitude of bradycardiac
      responses during orienting and aversive Pavlovian conditioning.

PMID- 3703902
TI  - Cerebral embolization leads to memory impairment of several learning tasks in
      rats.
AB  - The effects of cerebral embolization, produced by injecting microspheres into the
      left internal carotid artery, on passive and active avoidance tasks and water
      filled multiple T-maze task, were studied in male Wistar rats. The rats with
      cerebral embolization were markedly impaired acquisition and retention of the one
      trial passive avoidance response. The impairment depended on the number of
      microspheres injected and continued for 2 weeks. The cerebral embolized rats were
      also impaired acquisition of two-way active avoidance response in a shuttle box.
      These impairments are not due to decrease in shock sensitivity, because there was
      no significant change in the flinch-jump threshold. The embolized rats also
      exhibited a significant disturbance in performance of water filled multiple T
      maze learning. These results suggest that rats with cerebral embolization are
      impaired in three different types of learning tasks, and may be useful as an
      animal model for the vascular type of dementia.

PMID- 3703903
TI  - Effects of dopaminergic agents on eye tracking before and after repeated
      methamphetamine.
AB  - The effects of methamphetamine (MA), apomorphine (AP) and haloperidol (HAL) on
      eye tracking function were tested in rhesus monkeys. Three rhesus monkeys were
      trained to track with their eyes a disk-shaped projected image that oscillated
      along a horizontal plane on a screen, using a training procedure in which
      responses on a lever were reinforced with water only when the center of the disk
      dimmed for a brief period. Eye movements were recorded by electrooculography
      (EOG). The effects of intramusuclar administration of MA, APO and HAL on
      responding were compared before and after a 8-14 day period of repeated MA
      administration. During this regimen, MA was given in 4 divided doses starting at
      a total daily dose of 4 mg/kg/day and increasing to 16-40 mg/kg/day. All three
      drugs disrupted performance during both the initial dose-response determination
      as well as during the redetermination following the regimen. However, tolerance
      to MA in 3 monkeys and to APO in 2 monkeys was observed after the regimen, while
      no marked sensitivity change was observed to haloperidol. Since other data
      reported elsewhere have shown that dopamine is depleted in the caudate after
      similar repeated administration regimens, long lasting brain dopaminergic changes
      are likely present in these monkeys. Therefore, these results suggest that the
      changes in sensitivity to the drugs that were observed in terms of eye tracking
      function are related to dopamine depletion in the brain.

PMID- 3703904
TI  - Lesions of the ascending serotonergic pathways and antinociceptive effects after
      systemic administration of p-chloroamphetamine in mice.
AB  - The present study reports a method for lesioning of the ascending serotonergic
      system. The neurotoxic substance p-chloroamphetamine (PCA) was given IP on 2
      consecutive days (40 mg/kg/day). After each injection, the animals were kept at 4
      degrees C for 4 hr since a lower dose of PCA (25 mg/kg) induced severe
      hyperthermia. The mortality rate was 12%, considerably lower than previously
      reported in similar studies. Evaluated 9 days after the last injection of PCA,
      the uptake of 14C-5-HT into cortical and hippocampal crude synaptosomal
      preparations was reduced by 50 and 60%, respectively, while the uptake into
      spinal synaptosomes was unaffected. The uptake of 3H-NA was not significantly
      altered in any of the structures. Measurements of PCA performed 30 min to 4 hr
      after IP injections of 5 to 40 mg/kg demonstrated higher concentrations in the
      cortex than in the lumbar spinal cord. Administration of PCA (5 mg/kg) had an
      acute antinociceptive effect in the hot-plate and formalin tests, but not in the
      tail-flick test. Prior treatment with neurotoxic doses of PCA prevented the
      antinociception but had in itself no effect on the responsiveness in any of the
      tests. Thus systemic administration of PCA produces highly selective and
      functional lesions of the ascending serotonergic pathways in mice.

PMID- 3703905
TI  - Is cholinergic activity of the striatum involved in the acquisition of positively
      motivated behaviors?
AB  - Cholinergic activity of the caudate-putamen (CPU) is crucial for the acquisition
      of aversively-reinforced behaviors (active and passive avoidance). To determine
      whether this activity is also involved in the acquisition of a positively
      rewarded behavior, in the present experimental series the effects of scopolamine
      applications to the antero-dorsal or postero-dorsal aspects of the striatum on
      auto-shaping were assessed. The auto-shaping procedure that was used allowed rats
      to learn to bar press at their own rate. It was found that scopolamine injection
      into either region of the CPU produced a marked retardation in the acquisition of
      the conditioned behavior. These results indicate that cholinergic activity of the
      striatum is critically involved in the early phases of positively-reinforced
      learning.

PMID- 3703906
TI  - Effect of the presynaptic dopaminergic agonist, quinpirole, on the drinking
      responses of rats to angiotensin II, isoproterenol, and hypertonic saline.
AB  - The dopamine (DA2) agonist, quinpirole hydrochloride (LY 171555), has been
      reported to inhibit central presynaptic release of norepinephrine, an effect
      similar to that of clonidine, an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist. Since clonidine
      exerts an antidipsogenic effect on all types of laboratory-induced drinking, the
      objective of these experiments was to determine whether administration of
      quinpirole hydrochloride produced a similar effect. The drinking responses of
      rats to administration of angiotensin II (200 micrograms/kg, SC), isoproterenol
      (25 micrograms/kg, SC), and hypertonic saline (1 M NaCl, 1% of body weight, IP)
      were blocked by administration of quinpirole hydrochloride (7.5 mg/kg, IP). When
      administered alone, quinpirole had no effect on water intake. Thus, the
      antidipsogenic effect of quinpirole hydrochloride resembles that of clonidine and
      suggests that release of norepinephrine occurs centrally at some point along the
      final common pathway for drinking in rats.

PMID- 3703907
TI  - Conditioned taste aversion induced by organophosphate compounds in rats.
AB  - Three organophosphate compounds, dichlorvos, parathion and
      diisopropylfluorophosphate were tested as an unconditioned stimulus in the
      conditioned taste aversion (CTA) test. All organophosphates caused a dose
      dependent CTA in rats at doses which did not induce any other signs of toxicity.
      Experiments with dichlorvos showed that the minimum dose which caused CTA did not
      alter the rats' sensitivity to pain or their behavior in either an open field or
      an inclined plane. Cholinesterase activity was inhibited in a dose-dependent
      manner in brain and plasma after administration of the organophosphates and CTA
      was correlated with the degree of plasma cholinesterase inhibition. CTA appears
      to be a sensitive indicator of neurobehavioral effects of mild exposure to
      organophosphates which causes only 30-40% inhibition of plasma cholinesterase.

PMID- 3703908
TI  - A genetic analysis of nicotine effects on open field activity.
AB  - The genetics of the effects of nicotine on the open field activity of mice were
      studied using a 5 by 5 diallel cross. The five inbred strains used were: A, BALB,
      C57BL, DBA, and C3H. These strains differ both in basal open field activity as
      well as activity after injection of nicotine. Analysis of the results of baseline
      activity indicated that both additive and dominance variance affected the
      activity of the animals. The dominance was non-directional. Likewise, the
      responses observed after injection of 0.75 mg/kg nicotine displayed both additive
      and dominance components. However, after correcting the results for differences
      in basal activity, the dominance item was primarily directional. This directional
      dominance was towards a more intense response to the effects of the drug, that
      is, a decrease in open field activity.

PMID- 3703909
TI  - The effects of prenatal morphine on the responsiveness to morphine and
      amphetamine.
AB  - The effects of morphine administered to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats on the
      schedule-controlled behavior of the offspring were examined. It was observed that
      both male and female adult rats exposed prenatally to morphine were tolerant to
      the disruptive effects of morphine on fixed-interval responding compared to age
      matched controls. These morphine-treated rats, however, were neither tolerant nor
      supersensitive to the disruptive effects of the catecholaminergic agonist,
      amphetamine, and did not exhibit any alteration in their steady state levels of
      central monoamines. These observations are discussed in relation to the effects
      of prenatal morphine exposure on unconditioned behaviors.

PMID- 3703910
TI  - Effect of caffeine on cocaine locomotor stimulant activity in rats.
AB  - The effect of caffeine on the locomotor stimulant activity induced by intravenous
      cocaine in rats was investigated. Low doses of caffeine (20 mg/kg IP) potentiated
      the locomotor activity induced by 1, 2.5 mg/kg intravenous doses of cocaine and
      higher doses of caffeine (50, 100 mg/kg IP) had no significant effect. The
      locomotor stimulant effect of 20 mg/kg IP dose of caffeine per se in vehicle was
      significantly higher and that with 100 mg/kg dose significantly lower than that
      of the vehicle control. Thus caffeine produced dose-dependent effects on cocaine
      induced locomotor stimulant activity, with low dose potentiating and higher doses
      having no significant effect on such activity. Pharmacokinetic or dispositional
      factors did not appear to play a role in potentiation of cocaine locomotor
      stimulant activity by caffeine.

PMID- 3703911
TI  - The discriminative stimulus properties of cocaine and d-amphetamine: the effects
      of three routes of administration.
AB  - Five rhesus monkeys were trained to discriminate intramuscular cocaine (0.25
      mg/kg, 10 min presession) from saline. In subsequent tests, intramuscular cocaine
      (0.03-0.5 mg/kg, 10 min presession) and intravenous cocaine (0.03-0.25 mg/kg, 10
      min presession) controlled cocaine-appropriate responding in a dose-dependent
      manner and all monkeys tested reached training criterion (greater than 90%
      cocaine-appropriate responses) levels after the higher doses were tested. d
      Amphetamine (0.03-0.5 mg/kg) delivered intramuscularly (10 min presession) or
      intragastrically (60 min presession) also controlled cocaine-appropriate
      responding in a dose-dependent manner and, at the higher doses, all monkeys
      tested reached criterion. Regardless of route, cocaine and d-amphetamine were
      similar in potency. Intragastric cocaine (0.5-16.0 mg/kg, 60 min presession) also
      controlled cocaine-appropriate responding at some dose in each monkey tested, but
      the drug was less potent. More importantly, the effects of IG cocaine were less
      systematic possibly due to uncontrolled pharmacokinetic factors.

PMID- 3703912
TI  - Nicotine-induced potentiation of ethanol discrimination.
AB  - Rats were trained in a 2-lever, food-motivated operant task to discriminate
      intraperitoneal administration of ethanol (600 mg/kg) from vehicle. Dose-response
      curves for the ethanol cue were analyzed before and after pre-treatment of rats
      with intraperitoneal doses of 0.4 mg/kg or 0.2 mg/kg nicotine. Results
      demonstrate that nicotine potentiates ethanol-appropriate responding in test
      sessions. The results are discussed in light of the recognized correlation
      between smoking and alcohol intake.

PMID- 3703913
TI  - Effect of DSP4 on hippocampal kindling in rats.
AB  - The effect of DSP4, a noradrenergic neurotoxin, on hippocampal kindling were
      examined in rats. The depletion of NA induced by intraperitoneal injection of
      DSP4 (50 mg/kg) facilitated the rate of hippocampal kindling by reducing the time
      spent in stage 2. The number of wet-dog shakes was also reduced in experimental
      animals during kindling stages 1 and 2 compared to control group. The results
      indicate that in DSP4 treated rats there is a more rapid activation of structures
      involved in the propagation of the local limbic seizure to motor centers
      responsible for the behavioral manifestation of the seizure, which is due to the
      NA depletion.

PMID- 3703914
TI  - Potentiation of haloperidol-induced catalepsy by ascorbic acid in rats and
      nonhuman primates.
AB  - Ascorbic acid was examined for potentiative effects on the catalepsy induced by
      haloperidol in rats and squirrel monkeys. In both animal species pretreatment
      with ascorbic acid (1000 mg/kg) markedly potentiated catalepsy induced by
      haloperidol. It is suggested that vitamin binds to, and inactivates, some brain
      dopamine receptors and in so doing potentiates an otherwise minimally
      cataleptogenic dose of haloperidol.

PMID- 3703915
TI  - Peripheral factors involved in the control of angiotensin-induced drinking in the
      pigeon (Columbia livia).

PMID- 3703916
TI  - Anticonvulsant activity of two polyethylene glycols in mice.
AB  - The anticonvulsant activity of two polyethylene glycols of different molecular
      weight (400 and 4000) was tested in mice. The two substances were inactive in the
      maximal electroshock test, but, when intraperitoneally administered, were
      efficacious in the pentetrazole and strychnine seizure tests. Polyethylene glycol
      4000 showed the most potent anticonvulsant action. On the contrary, when
      polyethylene glycols were orally administered, they did not alter the time for
      seizure onset and for death.

PMID- 3703917
TI  - Episodic secretion of met-enkephalin immunoreactive material in human plasma and
      CSF.
AB  - Plasma and CSF met-enkephalin immunoreactive material (ME-IR) concentrations were
      measured in 5 subjects at different hours of the day. Within the 24 hrs CSF ME-IR
      concentrations ranged in the same patient from 20 to 5000 pg/ml. Plasma ME-IR
      concentrations presented a circadian rhythm with lower values between 4:00 and
      8:00 p.m.

PMID- 3703919
TI  - "Mumpsimus, shmumpsimus--just so it's not something new!".

PMID- 3703918
TI  - Inquiry into the moral prerogatives of the potential human life.

PMID- 3703920
TI  - Critical care medicine in the United States: past performance and future
      possibilities.

PMID- 3703921
TI  - The crisis at Tampa General Hospital--competition and indigent care: a panel
      discussion.

PMID- 3703922
TI  - What makes internship so bad--and so good.

PMID- 3703923
TI  - The AMDP-system in clinical psychopharmacology.
AB  - The AMDP-system, elaborated by the Association for Methodology and Documentation
      in Psychiatry, comprises three anamnestic forms and two rating scales on present
      psychopathological and somatic states. Moreover, three subscales have been
      developed in order to assess more specifically anxiety, manic/depressive, and
      schizophrenic symptomatology. The psychometric properties of the AMDP-system
      (interrater reliability, validity, homogeneity, sensitivity) and its availability
      in most European languages make it an ideal instrument for the assessment of
      clinical changes in drug trials, with the possibility of using the comprehensive
      scale for the early evaluation of a new drug and of reserving the short subscales
      for later clinical development.

PMID- 3703924
TI  - Compatibility between ICD-9 and DSM-III classification of endogenous depression
      (melancholia).
AB  - The classification of depressive disorders (subtypes of Major Depressive Episode-
      MDE) according to DSM-III is different in many respects from the classification
      according to ICD-9; the relevance of both diagnostic systems necessitates the
      assessment of their compatibility. In a sample of 173 depressed inpatients, both
      diagnostic systems are applied independently and the relationship between
      affective psychosis (endogenous depression) (ICD-9) and subtypes of MDE (DSM-III)
      is investigated. The resulting low rate of agreement between endogenous
      depression (ICD-9) and MDE with melancholia (DSM-III) can be improved
      considerably by a modification of the diagnostic algorithms applied in DSM-III.
      Furthermore, by combining the subtype or criteria of melancholia (DSM-III) and
      characteristics of course (recurrence, bipolarity) the ICD-9 diagnosis of
      endogenous depression can be simulated.

PMID- 3703925
TI  - Controlled encoding strategies in memory tests in lithium patients.
AB  - The "levels of processing" theory (Craik and Lockhart) and "dual coding" theory
      (Paivio) provide new aspects for clinical memory research work. Therefore, an
      incidental learning paradigm on the basis of these two theoretical approaches was
      chosen to test aspects of memory performances with lithium therapy. Results of
      two experiments, with controlled non-semantic processing (rating experiment
      "comparison of size") and additive semantic processing (rating "living--non
      living") indicate a slight reduction in recall (Fig. 1) and recognition
      performance (Fig. 2) in lithium patients. Effects on encoding strategies are of
      equal quality in patients and healthy subjects (Tab. 1, 2) but performance
      differs between both groups: poorer systematic benefit from within code
      repetitions ("word-word" items, "picture-picture" items) and dual coding
      (repeated variable item presentation "picture-word") is obtained. The less
      efficient encoding strategies in the speeded task are discussed with respect to
      cognitive rigidity and slowing of performance by emotional states. This
      investigation of so-called "memory deficits" with lithium is an attempt to
      explore impairments at an early stage of processing; the characterization of the
      perceptual cognitive analysis seems useful for further clinical research work on
      this topic.

PMID- 3703926
TI  - Lithium treatment and blood pressure.
AB  - The average systolic and diastolic blood pressures of 377 manic-depressive
      patients were not significantly different before and during lithium treatment.
      Before the treatment blood pressure was slightly but significantly lower in
      spring and fall than in winter and summer; during lithium treatment the seasonal
      variations disappeared.

PMID- 3703927
TI  - Possible nonlinear pharmacokinetics of desipramine after once daily dosing.
AB  - Desipramine (DMI) plasma concentrations were measured in depressed outpatients
      treated with desipramine hydrochloride. Plasma level determinations were measured
      24 hours after a single dose of DMI 50 mg, and then at weekly intervals
      thereafter while receiving once daily bedtime dosing with DMI 150 mg or 200 mg.
      The 24 hour DMI concentration was significantly, and rather closely correlated
      with steady state DMI levels (r = 0.74, p less than .001) (prediction coefficient
      [r2] = 55%). However, steady state plasma levels of DMI were higher than would be
      predicted based upon prior studies which also examined the relationship between
      steady state and 24 hour desipramine plasma concentrations. We speculate that the
      single bedtime administration of DMI in the present study may have led to
      saturation of metabolic hepatic enzymes during the first pass of the drug through
      the liver. The possibility of nonlinear DMI pharmacokinetics may be of clinical
      importance to some patients receiving a single, daily, high dose of medication.

PMID- 3703928
TI  - Theory in physical therapy.

PMID- 3703929
TI  - Effects of inhibitive ankle-foot orthoses on standing balance in a child with
      cerebral palsy. A single-subject design.
AB  - A single-subject, alternating treatments design was conducted to evaluate the
      effects of inhibitive ankle-foot orthoses on standing balance in a 4.5-year-old
      boy with moderate spastic quadriplegia who had been wearing an initial pair of
      inhibitive orthoses for one year. Before introducing the subject to a newly
      fabricated but similarly designed pair of orthoses, we collected baseline data on
      the duration of standing balance without orthoses during five sessions over a two
      week period. The new orthoses then were applied, and we collected data for
      standing balance for another two weeks (five sessions) under two treatment
      conditions: with and without orthoses. We also noted qualitative differences in
      symmetry of stance pattern and ease of maintaining standing balance for both
      conditions. Improvements were noted in duration of standing balance, symmetry of
      stance, and ease of maintaining standing balance during the "with-orthoses"
      condition. Although these results support the efficacy of inhibitive orthoses for
      children with cerebral palsy, further, systematic, single-subject research is
      indicated.

PMID- 3703930
TI  - Stereotyping. Physical and occupational therapists characterize themselves and
      each other.
AB  - Physical therapists (n = 53) and occupational therapists (n = 53) appraised
      themselves and each other by selecting personal and job-based adjectives (54
      pairs) on the Health Team Stereotype Scale. The PTs' self-appraisal differed
      statistically from the OTs' perception of PTs on 31 adjective pairs (57%). The
      OTs judged PTs as having fewer of the qualities PTs professed on 16 pairs. On 15
      pairs, the OTs chose negative adjectives, whereas the PTs chose the positive. The
      OTs' self-assessment differed statistically from the PTs' perception of OTs on 24
      pairs. The PTs perceived OTs as having fewer of the positive adjectives than did
      the OTs. The PTs' and OTs' self-assessments differed statistically on pairs such
      as Strong-Weak, Intelligent-Unintelligent, and Aggressive-Passive, with the PTs'
      mean scores being higher than the OTs'. Overall, the PTs' self-appraisal mean
      scores were higher than the OTs'. The extent of differences perceived by another
      profession may explain team conflict or team effectiveness.

PMID- 3703931
TI  - Effects of isokinetic training on the rate of movement during ambulation in
      hemiparetic patients.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of isokinetic training on
      the rate of movement during ambulation in hemiparetic patients. Ten male and 10
      female subjects, aged 40 to 75 years, participated in the study. The 20
      hemiparetic subjects were assigned randomly to either a control group or an
      experimental group. All of the subjects participated in a conventional
      therapeutic exercise program and gait training. The experimental group also
      received isokinetic training on the Kinetron exercise machine as part of their
      program. Functional ambulation profile tests were administered to each subject
      before and after the five-week experimental period. All of the subjects showed
      improvement in the rate of ambulation and in overall ambulation performance. The
      differences in ambulation times and functional ambulation profile scores between
      the two groups were shown to be insignificant.

PMID- 3703932
TI  - Reliability and validity of four instruments for measuring lumbar spine and
      pelvic positions.
AB  - We studied the between-therapist reliability and the validity of four instruments
      in measuring lumbar spine curvature and pelvic tilt. The four instruments and
      their measurements were 1) a tape measure to measure the change in lumbar
      curvature during trunk flexion; 2) a gravity goniometer to measure pelvic angle
      and lumbar curvature during stance, trunk flexion, and trunk extension; 3) a
      parallelogram goniometer to measure lumbar curvature during stance, trunk
      flexion, and trunk extension; and 4) a standard goniometer to measure the angle
      between wooden pointers mounted perpendicularly to the spine to obtain pelvic
      angle and lumbar curvature during stance, trunk flexion, and trunk extension. We
      found no single instrument to be the most reliable or valid. Between-therapist
      reliability ranged from .64 to .93 (Pearson product-moment correlation) and from
      .60 to .92 (interclass correlation coefficient). The validities of the
      instruments compared with measurements from roentgenograms generally were low,
      ranging from -.13 to .76 (Pearson product-moment correlation) and -.73 to -.05
      (interclass correlation coefficient).

PMID- 3703933
TI  - Objective assessment of postural balance through use of the variable resistance
      balance board.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate postural balance with a practical
      clinical assessment tool. I evaluated eight men and eight women in their 20s,
      using a variable resistance balance board, to determine the deviation of their
      average center of pressure in the anterior-posterior plane during stance. The
      resulting data were compared with the average center of pressure deviation of
      eight men in their 20s as measured by Murray et al with a force platform. The
      difference between the two men's groups was not statistically significant (p less
      than .05). These findings suggest that physical therapists may determine average
      center of pressure data and may assign progressive balance tasks that match any
      patient's level of center of pressure control.

PMID- 3703934
TI  - Current journal article provision for the physical therapy clinicians of one
      department. A clinical report.
AB  - We have posted current journal articles in our department for over a year. A
      survey of the staffs' reading of these articles in 1984 revealed that many of the
      articles were read and that most staff members availed themselves of the
      opportunity to read the articles. Our survey revealed that the majority of the
      staff members favored continuing the posting procedure. Perhaps, the clinicians
      of other departments could benefit from the weekly provision of current articles
      relevant to practice.

PMID- 3703935
TI  - Preaffiliation and postaffiliation concerns expressed by physical therapy
      students.
AB  - The purpose of this descriptive study was to identify clinical education concerns
      expressed by physical therapy students at a midwestern university. Twenty senior
      level baccalaureate degree students participated in open-ended taped interviews
      conducted after the first five-week affiliation and before and after the next
      three five-week affiliations that were integrated into their programs of study.
      The most frequently expressed concerns regarded clinical techniques and
      interpersonal relationships. Concerns about clinical techniques were expressed
      most frequently before an affiliation. Concerns about personal interactions were
      expressed most frequently after an affiliation. Many of those students who
      expressed concerns about interpersonal relationships expressed the same concerns
      after consecutive affiliations. A difference existed between concerns expressed
      after an acute care affiliation and concerns expressed after a rehabilitation
      affiliation. Through the identification of student-expressed preaffiliation and
      postaffiliation concerns, student-educator interactions may be improved.

PMID- 3703936
TI  - [The symbol of the French Society of Phlebology].

PMID- 3703937
TI  - [Pressure therapy using a mercury bath].
AB  - The principle of compression of the limbs by means of a mercury pressure gradient
      has repercussions at various levels of the vascular physiology. This study
      demonstrates its effects on the lymphatic system, where post-radiotherapeutic,
      post-surgical and post-traumatic lymphedema (LE) can easily be reduced. The same
      is true for inflammatory, infectious and congenital LE as well as for
      venolymphatic edema. Brief periods of compression, with bandaging between
      sessions, stimulate the resumption of lymph drainage. This study demonstrates
      that recalcitrant hypodermititis also benefits considerably from compression of
      this type. The other sectors of peripheral vascular disease are under
      investigation, and preliminary findings are encouraging.

PMID- 3703938
TI  - [Sclerosis of junctions combined with compression: long-term results].
AB  - The authors present long term results of sapheno-femoral junction injection with
      digital compression of the junction during the injection. The results were
      tabulated on the first one hundred cases seen at random 6 to 10 years after
      treatment. They conclude that this method is of great value for most patient with
      long saphenous vein insufficiency.

PMID- 3703939
TI  - [Suppression of sphenous reflux using sclerotherapy. Technics and results].

PMID- 3703940
TI  - [Current treatment of varices of the lower extremities in Czechoslovakia].
AB  - The author gives original information on the situation in Czechoslovakia
      regarding the treatment of varicose veins. The prevalence of varicose veins is
      20%, the incidence is more than 1% in the adult population. Heredity accounts for
      75% of these cases. In one year, only 35 to 129 patients are operated for
      varicose veins in a department of Clinical Surgery. The serious complications
      were analysed over a period of 10 years: there were 37 cases of pulmonary
      embolism and 10 deaths out of 95,000 operations for varices. The long-term
      results, that is from 5 - 15 years, were considered to be satisfactory in more
      than 90% of the cases operated. In Czechoslovakia, sclerotherapy is still a
      complementary method. However, the good results of sclerosing varices have been
      proven by the statistics issued by the phlebological clinics set up by the Czech
      Dermatological Association.

PMID- 3703941
TI  - [Lymphography in the clinical picture of lymphedema].
AB  - The value of lymphography in the clinical treatment of lymphatic edemas is
      examined. Since its invention by Hernani Monteiro, lymphography has not enjoyed
      the same success as clinical phlebography, which has benefited from anatomical
      and physiological knowledge and has clarified several problems. Great gaps still
      exist in our knowledge of the anatomy, physiology and physiopathology of the
      lymphatic system, and this explains the limited development of lymphography so
      far, and the difficulty of interpreting and characterizing cases of lymphatic
      stasis. This situation has also hindered the development of logical and effective
      therapies. We believe that new techniques should be developed for use in
      lymphography, as was necessary in phlebography.

PMID- 3703942
TI  - [Role of elastic containment with calibrated biflex bandages in the treatment of
      venous insufficiency in athletes and in vascular rehabilitation].

PMID- 3703943
TI  - [Varices. A decade of collaboration between dermatologists and surgeons: the
      Alkmaar project].
AB  - In a joint edited first by the dermatologist and then by the surgeon, the authors
      show how useful close collaboration can be in the treatment of primary varices of
      the lower limbs. They describe the principles behind their procedures and cite
      excellent results obtained within reduced time-limits.

PMID- 3703944
TI  - [Junctions of the saphenous vein. Anatomy and treatment concepts].
AB  - The anatomic account brings to bear particularly on anomalies of the affluents
      and the various forms of long saphenofemoral junctions. The different anastomoses
      of short saphenous veins are also described. Following the anatomic account there
      is a run-down of the history of these disorders and of mainstream current views
      of their treatment.

PMID- 3703945
TI  - [Ostial incontinence: sclerosis or resection of the saphenous junction?].
AB  - The point of this paper was to compare the long-term results of sclerotherapy and
      resection/stripping. The authors base their argument on the study of 50 case
      histories of patients treated by sclerotherapy, and the same number of case
      histories of patients treated using the resection/stripping of the saphenofemoral
      junction, followed by sclerotherapy. All these patients were treated between 1965
      and 1975 and, at the end of this ten year period, they were considered to need no
      further treatment, other than routine checks. The results were presented in two
      comparative series. It would seem that from the fifth year onwards the two
      methods give results which are appreciably similar, though obtained more rapidly
      by the resection/stripping method. With these results in mind, the authors
      mention the general position of the literature on the subject, asking whether it
      is possible to know whether the two series are really comparable, a fact which
      would seem certain. They investigate the situation of the patients after five
      years and deal with the more particular point of isolated ostial incompetence
      recidivism.

PMID- 3703946
TI  - [Resection of the saphenofemoral junction, when and why?].
AB  - Indications for 'simple resection of the saphenofemoral junction' are rare. Apart
      from second operations following incomplete saphenectomies, they are limited to
      the fairly exceptional cases of ostial incompetence involving the saphenous axis.
      But any correct saphenectomy will include the resection of the sephenofemoral
      junction. This is practised where there is an open saphenofemoral junction, and
      in clear cases of incompetence in the saphenous axis. Apart from these classic
      indications, resection of the (long) saphenofemoral junction is carried out in
      cases of 'aesthetic saphenectomy', as it avoids scars disfiguring the thigh or
      leg.

PMID- 3703947
TI  - [Surgical anatomy of the popliteal fossa].
AB  - This communication provides accurate details of the surface anatomy of the
      popliteal space (french and latin nomenclature). The author describes the
      muscular reference points, and the relationships between arteries, veins and the
      internal and external popliteal sciatic nerve. This region has a variety of
      pathologies: dilatation of the venae comites, of the sapheno-popliteal junction,
      doubling of the femoral and femoro-popliteal, with aneurysmal dilatation;
      abnormal veins (popliteal space vein), aneurysm of the popliteal vein; multiple
      compression due to arterial and nerve structures.

PMID- 3703948
TI  - [Varicose recurrence in the popliteal fossa].
AB  - The authors present a case of recurrent popliteal space varices. The
      phlebography, clinical signs and surgical technic are presented. The cause of the
      recurrence and ways of preventing it are described.

PMID- 3703949
TI  - [Is venous stripping outmoded?].
AB  - The author describes his personal method of sclerotherapy of the superficial
      venous system without stripping. He gives the reasons for his approach and his
      results.

PMID- 3703950
TI  - [Venous circulatory resistance in the diagnosis and follow-up of venous
      thromboses].
AB  - Using a mercury plethysmograph, the venous resistance (a novel venous parameter)
      is determined separately for the veins of the thigh and lower leg, using the
      Brakkee and Kuiper (1982) method. In a retrospective study of acute and subacute
      thrombosis, the authors detected sensitivity of 91 and 36% respectively in
      proximal and distal thromboses. Specificity was 100 percent. Although differences
      from the control grop were detected, it would seem that the presence of a
      varicose trunk or lymphedema does not affect either sensitivity or specificity.

PMID- 3703951
TI  - [Postoperative recurrence of varices].

PMID- 3703952
TI  - Direct detection of singlet oxygen sensitized by haematoporphyrin and related
      compounds.

PMID- 3703953
TI  - 1,2-bis(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-6-hydroxynaphthalene, a photofluorogenic
      ligand for the estrogen receptor.

PMID- 3703954
TI  - Recovery of subchromosomal DNA synthesis in synchronous V-79 Chinese hamster
      cells after ultraviolet light exposure.

PMID- 3703955
TI  - Evidence that charge motion within bacteriorhodopsin depends on solvent
      viscosity.

PMID- 3703956
TI  - Change in sulfhydryl group microenvironment of calf lens alpha-crystallin by 300
      nm light.

PMID- 3703957
TI  - The structural changes in bovine rod outer segments in the presence of ATP.

PMID- 3703958
TI  - Photochemical sensitization by azathioprine and its metabolites--I. 6
      Mercaptopurine.

PMID- 3703959
TI  - Photochemical sensitization by azathioprine and its metabolites--II. Azathioprine
      and nitroimidazole metabolites.

PMID- 3703960
TI  - A new hypothesis for the target in photohemolysis: dimers of the band 3 protein.

PMID- 3703961
TI  - Effect of UV radiation on survival of non-haired mice.

PMID- 3703962
TI  - An action spectrum for UV photocarcinogenesis.

PMID- 3703963
TI  - Low temperature spectrophotometric study of cattle bathorhodopsins produced from
      rhodopsin and isorhodopsin in transparent medium without cracks.

PMID- 3703964
TI  - Investigation into the spectroscopy and photoisomerization of a series of
      poly(ethylene glycol) peptide Schiff bases of 11-cis retinal.

PMID- 3703965
TI  - Properties of synthetic bacteriorhodopsin pigments. Further probes of the
      chromophore binding site.

PMID- 3703966
TI  - Ethics of animal welfare in research: the institution's attempt to achieve
      appropriate social balance.

PMID- 3703967
TI  - Association of Chairmen of Departments of Physiology. Annual questionnaire
      results.

PMID- 3703968
TI  - Testosterone removal in rats results in a decrease in social aggression and a
      loss of social dominance.
AB  - Alpha male rats from mixed sex colony groups were tested for aggressiveness
      toward nonaggressive male intruders. Afterward, they were castrated and implanted
      with testosterone filled Silastic tubes, castrated and implanted with empty
      tubes, or sham castrated and implanted with empty tubes. There were significant
      declines in the aggressiveness (lateral attacks, bites, and piloerection but not
      on-top) of castrated rats without testosterone replacement but not in castrated
      rats with testosterone replacement. At a second operation, castrated animals had
      their testosterone capsules removed or had their empty capsules replaced with
      testosterone filled capsules. When tested for aggression toward nonaggressive
      intruders, those alpha males which had testosterone removed declined in
      aggressiveness while those which had it implanted returned to a level of
      aggressiveness close to that emitted by sham castrated control animals.
      Subordinate males became dominant when alpha males were castrated and not given
      testosterone replacement. In a final series of observations, sham castrated males
      were found to be more aggressive than castrated males when pitted against one
      another. It is argued that testosterone plays a primary role in intermale social
      aggression and that the decline in aggressiveness following castration is
      typically accompanied by a loss of social dominance.

PMID- 3703969
TI  - Disturbance of motoric function as behavioral measure of impaired cerebral
      circulation in mice.
AB  - Aim of the present experiments was to elaborate an experimental model exhibiting
      the functional consequences of a moderate impairment of cerebral circulation
      sensitive enough for testing the long-term cerebroprotective effect of different
      drugs. In preliminary experiments mice survived unilateral occlusion of the
      carotid artery. This intervention, however, severely impaired the motor skill of
      the animals as measured by their activity on the rotating treadmill. Motimeter
      activity was also diminished following unilateral carotid occlusion. Somewhat
      unexpectedly, a more complex pattern of learned behavior in a one-trial learning
      passive avoidance paradigm was only modestly affected by unilateral carotid
      occlusion. Papaverine (2.0 mg/kg) normalized the motor incoordination measured on
      the rotating treadmill. The data suggest that impaired motoric function, as a
      result of unilateral carotid occlusion, might be a useful experimental tool to
      analyse functional consequences of impaired cerebral circulation and a sensitive
      test for screening of drugs with presumed cerebroprotective action.

PMID- 3703970
TI  - Effect of flutamide (an antiandrogen) and diethylstilbestrol on the reproductive
      behavior of Japanese quail.
AB  - Three experiments were conducted in order to investigate the role of brain
      androgen and estrogen receptors in sex hormone activated male reproductive
      behavior in Japanese quail. In Experiment 1, castrated male quail were injected
      with oil, testosterone propionate (TP), flutamide (FLUT), an androgen antagonist,
      or TP+FLUT. Males given TP+FLUT, compared with birds receiving TP alone, strutted
      much less and had smaller proctodeal (foam) glands. Copulation was reduced by
      FLUT only on the last test day and only on one measure (number of head grabs +
      mounts). These results suggest that binding of testosterone or one of its
      metabolites to an androgen receptor is part of the mechanism of TP activated
      strutting, and therefore that central nervous system androgen receptors are
      involved in a male reproductive behavior pattern. In Experiment 2, castrated male
      quail were injected with oil, with 50 micrograms estradiol benzoate (EB), or with
      25, 50 or 100 micrograms diethylstilbestrol (DES), a synthetic estrogen that does
      not bind to androgen receptors. EB but not DES activated copulation to a
      significant extent. In Experiment 3 male and female quail with photically
      regressed gonads were given intraperitoneal Silastic implants of DES, estradiol
      (E) or cholesterol. DES was highly effective at activating male-typical
      copulation in males and receptivity in both sexes. Thus hormonal interaction with
      estrogen receptors alone is sufficient for the activation of male-typical as well
      as female-typical copulatory behavior in this species.

PMID- 3703971
TI  - Effects of 2-deoxy-D-glucose on food and water intake and body temperature in
      rats.
AB  - Comparisons between early daytime and early nighttime effects of 2-deoxy-D
      glucose (2DG) injections on food and water intake and rectal temperature were
      made. Food intake was significantly enhanced by 2DG injections regardless of the
      phase of the light cycle. In the daytime, water intake was increased by a lower
      dose of 2DG (200 mg/kg, IP) but there was no further increase at a higher dose
      (400 mg/kg). At night, the lower dose of 2DG had no effect on water intake but
      the higher dose suppressed the water intake normally associated with feeding.
      Administration of 2DG reduced preprandial rectal temperature in a dose dependent
      fashion in both phases of the light cycle. However, preprandial rectal
      temperatures were decreased more at night than during the daytime after injection
      of the higher dose of 2DG. Therefore, 2DG-induced hypothermia is dependent on
      both the dose of 2DG injected and the phase of the light cycle in which
      glucoprivation is produced. Furthermore, below a certain level of body
      temperature, rats markedly reduced drinking behavior while maintaining but not
      increasing their feeding response to 2DG-induced glucoprivation. These results
      suggest that behaviors may be directed toward preservations of body temperature
      in preference to relief of hunger by eating and of thirst by drinking.

PMID- 3703972
TI  - Differential effect of chemical lesion and electrocoagulation of the central
      amygdaloid nucleus on active avoidance responses.
AB  - The effect of lesions of the central amygdaloid nucleus on the acquisition of two
      way active avoidance responses was studied in Wistar male rats. Lesions were
      carried out by electrocoagulation or by local application of ibotenic acid, a
      neurotoxin that destroys neuronal cells without damaging fibres passing through
      the lesioned area. The results showed that both types of lesion lead to a deficit
      of active avoidance responses, but the impairment with respect to control group
      was significant only when the neurotoxin was applied. These results suggest that
      at least the neurons of the central amygdaloid nucleus could play some role for
      the organization of active avoidance behaviour.

PMID- 3703973
TI  - Absence of light response in eyeless planaria.
AB  - Planaria Dugesia dorotocephala were bilaterally enucleated, decapitated caudal to
      the auricles, or sectioned at the level of the pharynx. None of these worms
      either altered or elicited any movement responses to stimulation by horizontal or
      overhead light even though they made such responses to mechanical stimulation. By
      comparison, all intact planaria responded vigorously to light stimulation but not
      to an elevation of water temperature. These results suggest that light receptors
      in these planaria might have evolved away from the body surface and are located
      in the ocelli.

PMID- 3703974
TI  - Sex differences in self-grooming of rats: effects of gonadal hormones and
      context.
AB  - When prepubescent males and females were placed alone in a novel cage, males were
      found to groom their genitals, but not other body regions, more than females.
      This sex difference was present in untreated and in testosterone-treated
      gonadectomized rats as well as in intact rats. Neither the presence of gonads nor
      testosterone treatment affected grooming in this context. However, when similarly
      treated rats of the same age were observed in groups in the home cage, no sex
      difference in genital grooming of intact or gonadectomized rats was found.
      Testosterone significantly increased nongenital grooming in both sexes and
      genital grooming in males. Thus, both the presence of sex differences and the
      effects of testosterone on self-grooming depend on the behavioral context.

PMID- 3703975
TI  - Effects of pimozide on appetitive behavior and locomotor activity: dissimilarity
      of effects when compared to extinction.
AB  - The effects of pimozide were examined in a runway paradigm using food reward.
      Rats received one of three doses of pimozide, vehicle or Ringer's prior to
      testing. Two additional groups received pimozide or vehicle after the test trial
      in the home cage. An extinction group received no food in the goal box on test
      days. Several components of running behavior were assessed as was food consumed
      in the goal box. Effects of pimozide on general locomotor activity were assessed
      in the open-field following the runway phase. Results of the runway indicated
      that pimozide-treated rats differed from the extinction group in latencies to
      leave the start box and enter the goal box. Pimozide-treated rats consumed less
      saccharin-flavored food than controls. The post-treatment pimozide group showed a
      reduction in saccharin-food intake suggesting a conditioned taste aversion. Thus,
      the reduction observed in the pretreated pimozide group may be due to some
      unconditioned aversion induced by the drug. Open-field revealed that pimozide
      resulted in lower activity than controls. This study indicates that the effects
      of pimozide on food reinforcement are not similar to the effects seen in
      extinction. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the effects of
      pimozide, in this paradigm, constitute an interference with motor responses as
      opposed to an attenuation of reward properties of the stimuli.

PMID- 3703976
TI  - Proactive and retroactive effects of repeated electroconvulsive shock on passive
      avoidance retention in rats.
AB  - In spite of technical modifications, the therapeutic administration of
      electroconvulsive shock (ECS) to humans is still associated with significant
      memory impairment. Studies aimed at elucidating the neurobiologic basis of this
      impairment and developing appropriate treatment approaches have been limited by
      the absence of an appropriate animal model. We report here that ECS administered
      daily for 1-7 days to male albino rats (ECS X 1-ECS X 7) cumulatively impaired
      retention of passive avoidance when animals were trained 24 hours after the last
      ECS and tested 24 hours after training. Retention was directly proportional to
      the interval between training and testing; animals trained 24 hours after ECS X 7
      and tested 1 hour later showed no deficit while animals tested after 24 hours
      showed maximal impairment. Retention was significantly improved by 10 days
      following the last of ECS X 7 and intact by 21 days. These findings parallel the
      effects of ECS on memory function in humans. The retrograde effects of ECS also
      paralleled those demonstrated in humans; while retention of a passive avoidance
      task learned 24 hours before ECS X 7 was grossly impaired, retention was intact
      if learning took place 7 days before the ECS course. The application of these
      findings as an animal model of ECS-induced memory impairment in humans, is
      discussed.

PMID- 3703977
TI  - Changes in brain CCK concentrations with peripheral CCK injections in Zucker
      rats.
AB  - Evidence suggests that the satiety responses to peripherally administered CCK are
      mediated by a CNS component(s). Since CCK concentrations in the hypothalamus can
      change with degree of hunger, they may also be involved in the feeding response
      to peripherally administered CCK. Six-hr fasted rats were administered saline or
      2 micrograms/kg CCK-8 and half were allowed to eat a meal. They were sacrificed
      after a meal or after the fast and hypothalamic content of CCK was measured by
      RIA. In rats injected with CCK, compared with those injected with saline, CCK
      concentrations were decreased in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH, 39 vs. 47
      pg/mg tissue, p less than 0.004) and dorsomedial hypothalamus (17 vs. 21 pg/mg, p
      less than 0.009) and increased in the lateral hypothalamus (28 vs. 19 pg/mg, p
      less than 0.01). CCK concentrations in fed compared with fasted rats were higher
      in the VMH (47 vs. 39 pg/mg, p less than 0.002) and in obese compared with lean
      rats CCK concentrations were higher in the paraventricular nucleus (48 vs. 38
      pg/mg, p less than 0.05), suprachiasmatic nucleus (46 vs. 34 pg/mg, p less than
      0.008) and VMH (52 vs. 34 pg/mg, p less than 0.001). Since peripheral injections
      of CCK influenced concentrations of CCK in hypothalamic areas associated with
      feeding, these results provide evidence that the feeding response to peripherally
      injected CCK may be mediated by changes in CCK content of specific brain areas.

PMID- 3703978
TI  - Pancreatic glucagon's effects on satiety and hepatic glucose production are
      independently affected by diet composition.
AB  - We tested whether pancreatic glucagon's effects on satiety and hepatic
      glycogenolysis depend on variations in the macronutrient composition of the diet.
      Rats were kept on high carbohydrate, high fat, or high protein diets (HC-, HF- or
      HP-rats, respectively) and adapted to a 5 hour feeding (11:00-16:00)-19 hour
      deprivation (16:00-11:00) schedule. Glucagon (540 mcg/kg body weight) was
      intraperitoneally injected at 14:00. Glucagon stimulated similar amounts of
      hepatic glycogenolysis in HC- and in HF-rats and less glycogenolysis in HP-rats,
      but glucagon decreased food intake only in HC-rats. When HF- or HP-rats were
      prefed the HC-diet once for 1 hour (11:00-12:00) prior to injection, glucagon
      stimulated hepatic glycogenolysis similarly in both groups but decreased food
      intake only in HF-rats. Therefore, stimulation of hepatic glycogenolysis by
      glucagon is not sufficient to elicit satiety under all feeding conditions. The
      results also suggest that glucagon-induced satiety is not limited to carbohydrate
      intake.

PMID- 3703979
TI  - Restoration of the copulatory pelvic thrusting pattern in castrated male rats by
      the intracerebral implantation of androgen.
AB  - The characteristics of duration, vigour, frequency and rhythmicity of pelvic
      thrusting during copulation were studied by an accelerometric technique in 25
      male rats before castration and following restoration of sexual behavior by local
      implants of testosterone propionate (TP) in the medial preoptic area (mPOA).
      Twenty-one Ss displayed the complete copulatory pattern during the control tests.
      Implantation of TP in the mPOA restored mounting activity after castration in 14
      out of 21 Ss and only six of them "ejaculated." Spinal cord structures involved
      in pelvic thrusting of castrated Ss implanted with TP were presumably not exposed
      to circulating androgen since the sexual accessories were atrophic; in spite of
      this, only modest differences were found in the characteristics of pelvic
      thrusting, i.e., an increase in the duration of the mounting trains of the TP
      implanted Ss. Present data suggest that activation of mPOA-anterior hypothalamic
      neurons would not only affect limbic and cortical areas related to sexual arousal
      through their ascending connections but would also modulate through descending
      pathways, the activity of lower spinal structures involved in copulation.

PMID- 3703980
TI  - Food intake in the domestic fowl: effect of intrahepatic lipid and amino acid
      infusions.
AB  - Five experiments were conducted to determine the effect of hepatic and jugular
      infusions of amino acid and lipid solutions on short-term food intake of
      cockerels. Neither jugular nor hepatic infusions of amino acids had any effect on
      food intake of Single-Comb White Leghorn (SCWL) cockerels. Lipid infusions had no
      effect on SCWL cockerels when administered intrajugularly but decreased food
      intake significantly when infused intrahepatically. In contrast, no effect on
      food intake was observed when Rock-Cornish (RC) cockerels were infused
      intrahepatically with lipid. Thus, it appears that the liver of the SCWL cockerel
      is not responsive to plasma amino acid concentrations but is sensitive to
      circulating lipid levels. This lipid sensitive mechanism may be important in the
      peripheral control of food intake in a chicken such as the SCWL which has been
      bred for egg production but may be desensitized in fowl such as the RC broiler
      which has been selected for large body size and feed consumption.

PMID- 3703981
TI  - Effects of rate and distance of procurement wheel-running on saccharin-and
      sucrose solution drinking by non-deprived rats.
AB  - Four non-deprived rats received daily sessions of 20 min access to a saccharin
      and-sucrose solution following various prior activities, in an attempt to
      disentangle the normally confounded roles of time spent, amount and rate of
      procurement responding in causing an increase in consumption once access is
      gained. After the normal rate of running (approx 35 m/min) was established, six
      conditions were run in random order, involving waiting zero and 2.5 min in an
      immobilised running-wheel, and running, with the wheel rotated by a motor, in
      four conditions formed by combining two speeds (12 and 30 m/min) with two
      distances (12 and 30 m), prior to access to the solution. Drinking increased with
      the speed of prior running, and to a lesser extent with the distance run, but was
      not related systematically to the time spent running. It is suggested that
      information from the animal's own behavior in gaining access to a commodity,
      particularly the rate of energy expenditure, may influence its utilisation of the
      commodity by affecting the rate of subsequent consummatory responding.

PMID- 3703982
TI  - Neophobia, conditioned taste aversion and EEG arousal after globus pallidus
      lesion.
AB  - Rats with unilateral or bilateral electrolytic lesions in the globus pallidus
      (GP) became aphagic and adipsic. Aphagia and adipsia lasted 2-3 days in rats with
      unilateral lesion, but were more persistent in animals with bilateral lesions.
      EEG arousal induced by nociceptive stimuli applied to the side of the body
      contralateral to the unilateral pallidal lesion was of shorter duration than that
      induced by ipsilateral stimulation; no difference was found between rats injured
      in left or right (GP). Total exploratory activity of rats with symmetrical or
      asymmetrical lesions, exposed to a novel environment for ten min, was not
      different from that of the control group, but the exploratory activity measured
      in a 60 sec block showed trends in the two injured groups being different than
      those in the controls. Rats with unilateral right or bilateral lesions showed a
      lower level of neophobia for saccharin than controls. Acquisition of conditioned
      taste aversion was similar in lesioned rats and controls, but extinction of the
      conditioned taste aversion was slower in the intact than in the injured animals.

PMID- 3703983
TI  - Behavioral activity and active avoidance learning and retention in rats
      neonatally exposed to painful stimuli.
AB  - Twice daily for the first 15 days after birth, rats from the same litters were
      either placed for 5 sec on a hot plate (55 degrees C) (treated group), or on a
      plate maintained at body temperature (38 degrees C) (manipulated group). Controls
      were left undisturbed. When 90 days old, they were studied for pain threshold,
      open-field behavior, and two-way active avoidance learning and retention. Weight
      gain, pain threshold, open-field behavior, and active avoidance retention were
      not significantly different in the three groups. On the other hand, the rate of
      two-way active avoidance learning was significantly greater in treated rats.
      These results suggest that repeated neonatal exposure to painful stimuli, in rats
      raised under otherwise normal conditions, improves later active avoidance
      performance. The most likely mechanisms are discussed.

PMID- 3703984
TI  - A method for recording and analyzing intra-oral negative pressure in suckling rat
      pups.
AB  - A method for recording and analyzing intra-oral negative pressure in suckling rat
      pups is described. The technique is capable of detecting changes in sucking
      frequency, rate and amplitude. Three separate patterns of sucking are defined on
      the basis of these measures.

PMID- 3703986
TI  - Effects of feeding time upon daily intake and body weight.
AB  - Feeding behavior in five dogs was studied in three experimental situations,
      called A, B and C. In situation A the dogs had free access to food and water.
      Results from this experiment were used to determine the times of high and low
      ingestion for each individual dog. In situation B, there was limited access to
      food during the dog's period of high ingestion, and in situation C there was
      limited access to food during periods of low ingestion. Daily food intake was
      found to diminish as the dogs proceeded from A and B to C, and was especially
      pronounced between A and C. Body weight also diminished significantly between A
      and C.

PMID- 3703985
TI  - Neonatal aldosterone administration alters later response to adrenalectomy and
      aldosterone infusion in the rat.
AB  - Juvenile and adult infusions of mineralocorticoids promote weight gains in rats.
      However, nothing is known about the effects of very early administration. As such
      treatments often bring about enduring changes, we examined the impact of neonatal
      (days 1-5 of life), followed by early adult (days 45-57 of life), administration
      of aldosterone (ALDO) on the weight gains of free-fed rats. Analysis revealed
      that neonatal ALDO exposure altered the pattern of weight gain during the later
      period. Specifically, acute neonatal exposure increased weight gain in
      adrenalectomized young adult rats. At the same time, it appeared to reduce the
      effects of chronic ALDO exposure in these animals.

PMID- 3703987
TI  - 3-(pentadec-10-enyl)-catechol, a new allergenic compound from Lithraea caustica
      (Anacardiaceae).

PMID- 3703988
TI  - Pharmacological actions of tannic acid. I. Effects on isolated smooth and cardiac
      muscles and on blood pressure.

PMID- 3703989
TI  - Biologically active macrocyclic diterpenoids from Chinese drug "fang feng cao".
      I. Isolation and structure.

PMID- 3703990
TI  - Effect of olive and sunflower oil on serum lipids and myocardial triglyceride in
      rats.

PMID- 3703991
TI  - Antiviral properties of thiarubrine-A, a naturally occurring polyine.

PMID- 3703992
TI  - Anti-ulcer effect of steroidal alkaloids extracted from Pachysandra terminalis.

PMID- 3703993
TI  - Pharmacological studies on leaves of Withania somnifera.

PMID- 3703994
TI  - Isolation and hypoglycemic activity of coixans A, B and C, glycans of Coix
      lachryma-jobi var. ma-yuen seeds.

PMID- 3703995
TI  - Two diterpenes and acetophenone from Dysoxylum lenticellare.

PMID- 3703996
TI  - Split jejunal free-tissue transfer in oropharyngoesophageal reconstruction.
AB  - From January 1, 1981 to July 1, 1981, ten patients underwent immediate
      reconstruction utilizing split jejunal free-tissue transfers following resection
      of large oropharyngeal neoplasms. All 10 flaps were successfully transferred.
      Three patients were irradiated preoperatively and six patients were irradiated 2
      to 3 weeks postoperatively. Nine patients were available for follow-up until
      their death from 10 to 39 months postoperatively (average 26 months). All but two
      patients died of their original tumor. Six of the nine patients had a good early
      functional result; taking semisoft or soft diets allowed them to maintain or gain
      weight. Three patients had poor early results with limited oral feedings due to
      repeated aspiration in two and severe gastroesophageal reflux in another.
      Postoperative graft biopsies were obtained in five patients, showing normal
      mucosa or mild chronic inflammation histologically even following irradiation.
      Postoperative barium studies showed varying degrees of graft peristalsis.
      Complication rates were acceptable, and donor-site morbidity was minimal. Neither
      preoperative nor postoperative radiation affected the viability of the grafts.
      Therefore, this technique should continue to find application as a reliable
      method of providing like tissue for reconstructing a variety of large
      oropharyngeal defects.

PMID- 3703998
TI  - Staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome.
AB  - Staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome, an exfoliative dermopathy, affects neonatal
      and infant children. A classification of this disorder, as well as etiology and
      therapeutic modalities, is discussed. Topical medications such as used for
      treating partial-thickness burns cannot always be used in the newborn because of
      potential toxicity. Supportive therapy, specific antibiotics, and relatively
      inert dressings are recommended.

PMID- 3703997
TI  - Use of the temporary soft-tissue expander in posttraumatic alopecia.
AB  - Use of temporary soft-tissue expansion in five patients with posttraumatic
      alopecia and one patient with congenital alopecia is presented. Indications,
      operative technique, results, and complications are discussed. It is recommended
      that transpositional and free scalp flaps be expanded prior to transfer, and it
      is shown that to achieve greater expansion secondarily, the expanders can be
      reinserted and the scalp reexpanded as needed. The expansion technique provides a
      quantity of tissue of similar color, texture, and hair-bearing qualities for
      reconstruction of adjacent defects and makes secondary reconstruction of donor
      sites unnecessary. After a minimum follow-up of at least 1 year in each case
      presented, we have determined that the method is safe, simple, and reliable and
      provides excellent aesthetic results and high patient acceptance and
      satisfaction.

PMID- 3703999
TI  - Microsurgical anastomosis of rat carotid arteries with the CO2 laser.
AB  - In order to further evaluate the role of lasers in microvascular tissue closure,
      we modified an existing CO2 surgical laser (Xanar XA-20) by adding a partially
      reflecting mirror to attenuate the beam. This allowed the laser to operate at an
      output of approximately 100 mW, which was appropriate to achieve microvascular
      closures. In each of 43 rats, one carotid artery was transected and then
      anastomosed with standard suture technique with 10 to 12 simple interrupted
      sutures of size 10-0 Ethilon nylon suture (Ethicon, Inc.). The opposite carotid
      in each rat was anastomosed by the placement of three stay sutures followed by
      the application of laser irradiation to the tissue between the stay sutures at 90
      to 100 mW, spot size of 0.2 mm, pulse duration 0.2 seconds, approximately 20 to
      30 pulses per anastomosis. In vivo test periods were 1 hour, 1 day, 3 days, 7
      days, 10 days, 14 days, 28 days, 91 days, and 180 days. All anastomoses were
      evaluated for patency, and selected samples were utilized for light microscopy,
      and mechanical testing (intraluminal pressure raised to 300 mmHg). It was
      determined that similar patency rates and slightly faster time to perform the
      same procedure could be achieved with the use of the low-powered CO2 laser.
      However, histologic evidence of significant medial damage raises concern about
      the long-term risk of a higher aneurysm rate. Vessel damage and the lack of
      simple intraoperative methods to verify the quality of the laser technique
      restrict these authors from advocating the clinical introduction of the procedure
      until further advances are made.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3704000
TI  - Clinical experience with Heyer-Schulte inflatable implants in breast
      augmentation.
AB  - Following breast augmentation, 100 patients with inflatable saline implants were
      followed for a period of 6 months to 8 1/2 years. Capsular contracture rate,
      Baker II or greater, was 3.4 percent. This low rate of capsular contracture is
      attributed to early manipulation of the implant. The deflation rate was also 3.4
      percent. The Heyer-Schulte (Mentor) inflatable implant offers an acceptable low
      rate of leakage to justify its continued use. It also offers an advantage in
      correction of asymmetries and yields softer breasts. The replacement of an
      occasional deflated implant does not appear to pose more than a minor nuisance
      nor to materially compromise the possibility of an excellent long-term result.

PMID- 3704001
TI  - Comparison of the effect of bacterial inoculation in musculocutaneous and
      fasciocutaneous flaps.
AB  - The skin fascial flap is now recognized as a reliable flap for use in
      reconstructive surgery. The fasciocutaneous flap has been advocated for coverage
      of chronic infected wounds after debridement as an alternative to the
      musculocutaneous flap. Previous experimental and clinical studies have
      demonstrated the superior resistance of the musculocutaneous flap as compared to
      the random-pattern flap to bacterial inoculation. A canine model is presented for
      comparison of the effect of bacterial inoculation in fasciocutaneous and
      musculocutaneous flaps of similar dimensions. The area of skin necrosis secondary
      to bacterial inoculation was similar in these two flap types despite greater
      blood flow and skin oxygen in the fasciocutaneous flap. In a study of closed
      wound spaces formed by the deep surface of these two flap types, a greater degree
      of inhibition and elimination of bacterial growth and more collagen deposition
      are observed in the musculocutaneous wound space than in the fasciocutaneous
      flap.

PMID- 3704002
TI  - Heterotopic microvascular growth plate transplantation of the proximal fibula: an
      experimental canine model.
AB  - The reconstructive potential of microvascular transplantation of skeletal growth
      plates was investigated through heterotopic transfers. The distal radius was
      resected in two series of puppies of a known large breed and substituted with a
      microsurgically revascularized transplant from the proximal fibula. Evaluation
      was conducted through serial roentgenograms, goniometric registration of joint
      mobility, volume measurements, histology, and fluorescent bone labeling. In the
      first series, development of neuropathic-like destruction of the weight-bearing
      graft ensued in the majority of the animals. In the second series, prolonged
      protection from weight bearing inhibited this destruction and resulted in
      hypertrophy of the revascularized epiphyseal end of the transplant but clearly
      reduced longitudinal growth, with only one transplant exhibiting longitudinal
      growth that exceeded 50 percent of the value for the control. This experiment
      demonstrates that skeletal growth plates possess a capacity for hypertrophy under
      the influence of increased loads. Whether this adaptability is sufficient to
      allow microvascular transplantation of growth plates to become a clinically
      useful procedure in children remains unclear. Further laboratory investigations
      are mandatory prior to clinical application of microvascular transfers of
      epiphyseal growth plates.

PMID- 3704003
TI  - The time has come.

PMID- 3704004
TI  - Obliteration of decompressed frontal sinus by means of a deepithelialized island
      forehead flap.
AB  - A new surgical procedure for the treatment of chronic unilateral suppurative
      frontal sinusitis was described. A vascularized composite tissue--forehead island
      flap--was used for obliteration of the decompressed left frontal sinus. In the
      author's opinion (in selected cases) it is more physiologically sound than the
      use of abdominal fat or bone graft as an alternative for obliteration. It will
      withstand the test of time, since myocutaneous flaps have been used reliably as
      vascularized tissues for anatomic regions troubled by infection and radiation.

PMID- 3704005
TI  - A lengthened omental pedicle in facial reconstruction.
AB  - The omentum continues to be a versatile reconstructive tool with increasing
      application, but its use for defects of the face or scalp has previously been
      limited to microvascular transfer. This case demonstrates the feasibility of
      using the omentum for facial reconstruction where microvascular techniques may
      not be suitable or available, thus making the omentum an even more valuable tool
      than we had previously appreciated.

PMID- 3704006
TI  - Management of radiation necrosis of the chest wall following mastectomy: a new
      treatment option.
AB  - A technique for covering areas of osteoradionecrosis in the medial aspect of the
      chest wall has been described. Utilizing a tissue expander, the skin was
      stretched sufficiently to obtain a suitable length whereby the medial defect
      could be covered and the donor site closed primarily. Such an operative approach
      should be considered when the patient presents with a medially located ulcer of
      small to moderate size and when nonirradiated skin is regionally available. Using
      this technique, long myocutaneous flaps that require extensive dissection, loss
      of functioning muscle, and resulting donor defects are avoided.

PMID- 3704007
TI  - A simple auricular chondrocutaneous flap.

PMID- 3704008
TI  - "Saline float" positioning of the polyurethane-covered breast prosthesis.
AB  - The use of the "saline float" technique has enabled us to more easily position
      the foam-covered breast implants through a short aesthetic incision. Of 34
      patients in whom this has been used, one breast has been complicated by wrinkling
      of the prosthesis noted early after surgery. At 6 months this is no longer
      evident. Retained saline has caused no problems, and no infections have been
      encountered. This technique offers a safe and simple solution to overcome the
      tissue friction associated with use of the polyurethane foam-covered prosthesis.

PMID- 3704009
TI  - The paperclip splint for finger injuries.
AB  - A splint for finger injuries is constructed using a paperclip and tape. It is
      inexpensive, compact, and simple to make. Underlying lacerations are readily
      accessible, and there is minimal interference with neighboring digits.
      Furthermore, it provides effective dynamic extension splinting for
      interphalangeal injuries.

PMID- 3704010
TI  - Earlobe repair.

PMID- 3704011
TI  - Lipexhairesis versus lipexeresis.

PMID- 3704012
TI  - Expanders for male pattern baldness.

PMID- 3704013
TI  - Reduction mammaplasty with short inframammary scar.

PMID- 3704014
TI  - Oldest patient with xeroderma pigmentosum.

PMID- 3704015
TI  - [Computer tomography identification of carriers of Duchenne progressive muscular
      dystrophy].
AB  - Comparison of findings obtained by computed tomography of muscles of possible
      carriers and normal subjects demonstrated that structural changes existed in 31
      out of 74 women; the certainty of the information obtained became greater with
      increasing age. Six of the seven genealogically definite carriers were detected
      by computed tomography. The present results show that the use of computed
      tomography is promising for future carrier diagnosis.

PMID- 3704016
TI  - [Steps in the recovery from severe depression. On the psychosomatic aspects of a
      convalescent process].
AB  - In retrospect, several phases of the healing process are easily distinguishable:
      Initiated with a terminal inpatient antidepressant therapy, continued by a
      tranquilizer-hypnotic withdrawal treatment, the psychotherapeutic mastering of
      the life-crises which provoked the mental disturbance in the first place, then
      the patient's going back to work, and, finally, the total mental stabilization on
      a mature level. The psychopathologic and psychosomatic symptoms appearing in the
      process are interpreted as expressions of spontaneous healing and not to be
      confounded with symptoms of withdrawal and/or relapse. The transition of the
      disturbance suffered and vanquished into a new self-image terminates the process
      of healing and recovery.

PMID- 3704017
TI  - [Ecology of depression and sexuality in the climacteric and involution in the
      female].
AB  - The evaluation of psychiatric histories of 56 women from the age of 45 to 60
      diagnosed as monopolar depressions demonstrates the incongruence of natural
      scientific and interpreting (hermeneutic) competence. In 60% of the cases no
      details about the gynecological anamnesis could be found; in 36% informations
      about the sexual selfperception by the patients were available; these
      informations were not placed under a specific category of anamnesis but scattered
      throughout the text and left a exigency of interpretation. Gynecological pains in
      a wider sense appeared in half of the cases. These datas are put in the frame of
      a specific, socially preformed idea of female aging, which indeed gives place to
      the here studied depressive syndrome, but not to a suitable mode of expression
      according to age, sexual desire resp. female individuality. The term of "ideal
      motherliness", i.e. a motherliness without the obligation to produce children, is
      introduced here as a possible therapeutic and social criticism. The
      interdependence of sexual mode of expression on one side, which is granted or not
      granted from a certain age on, of psychiatric symptoms becoming relevant and a
      fitting niche on the other is called 'ecology' with regard to the said background
      and according to Bateson. So the dysfunctional stabilization of the patient is
      regarded as a reflexive kind of way.

PMID- 3704018
TI  - [Treatment of patients following attempted suicide within the scope of a liaison
      service].
AB  - Only few patients after suicide attempt are examined by a psychiatrist. In order
      to intensify the primary psychiatric care of suicide attempters, a psychiatric
      liaison scheme was established at an intensive care unit of the Technical
      University, Munich. The main advantages are: A psychiatrist talks with every
      suicide attempter; the psychiatrist and the medical staff are better informed
      about the suicidal act and the personality of the suicide attempter because of
      close cooperation; there is more time for diagnostic and psychotherapeutic
      activities; suicide risk diminishes while staying on the medical ward. If a
      psychiatric liaison scheme cannot be established it should be tried to change
      ward atmosphere by advising the medical staff and offering emotional support.

PMID- 3704019
TI  - Perceptions of quality of life following divorce: a study of children's
      prognostic thinking.
AB  - The general quality of latency-aged children's prognostic thinking and the way in
      which they view the long-range impact of divorce upon peer adaptation are
      explored. When interviewed about responses to two fictional peers with marked
      behavior problems, 80 children in the third and fifth grades displayed an
      optimism in their prognostic thinking about the future of these peers. In
      general, peers from divorced homes were perceived as having a more positive
      future adjustment than peers from intact homes. However, male subjects from
      disrupted homes revealed a significantly pessimistic orientation regarding the
      impact of divorce upon the future; females from disrupted homes had a strikingly
      optimistic view. Implications for school-based interventions are discussed.

PMID- 3704020
TI  - Falsifications in the psychiatric history: a differential diagnosis.
AB  - Several types of falsification may be encountered in the clinical setting,
      including lies, pseudologia fantastica, delusions and confabulations. I will
      review these phenomena in the psychopathology literature and propose five
      criteria to facilitate classification of a falsification. I will then present
      case histories that illustrate the relationship between the type of falsification
      and the clinical psychiatric diagnosis.

PMID- 3704021
TI  - From coercion to collaboration: two weeks in the life of a therapeutic community.
AB  - The purpose of this paper is to describe an aspect of the functioning of a
      therapeutic community conceptualized in terms of a sociotherapy framework as
      adumbrated, for example, by Edelson (1970), Rapoport (1960), and White et al.
      (1964). This approach, as distinct from group therapy, is concerned with the
      social system and social conditions that form the fabric of any given behavior.
      In the hospital context it is the therapeutic community that provides the fabric
      in which interpersonal and intergroup tensions can be addressed and clarified. We
      will illustrate this approach by detailing a discussion between therapy and
      nursing staff members who consult to, and participate in, the various group
      meetings of the Therapeutic Community Program (TCP), which together provide the
      framework of this particular community. Specifically, the discussion was about
      the evolving nature of the engagement between the community and a borderline
      patient, who attempted to alter the structure and functioning of an aspect of the
      community program in order to meet her own needs and avoid inner conflict. The
      discussion will focus on the way in which the community members adhered to
      existing structures and functioning, and were able to utilize staff consultation
      to this end, despite the patient's strong pressure on them to alter it. In
      describing this particular case we hope to illustrate how a well-functioning
      therapeutic community can "hold" one of its members in a manner that allows
      change to take place, and also serves as an important adjunct and facilitator to
      individual therapy.

PMID- 3704022
TI  - On whose needs does mother focus? Mother- or child-centered care and the self
      other differentiation of maternal needs.
AB  - This is an attempt to describe a model for conceptualizing the mother-child
      relationship, based on the categorization of mothers according to the social
      cognitive perspective of their need-centeredness and the self-other
      differentiation of these needs. Home observations of 14 multiple infants and
      their mothers were carried out during the first few years of the children's
      lives; special attention was given to the mother's physical, emotional and verbal
      contact with each child and the justification of her behavior, thereby enabling
      the observers to see the nature of the mother's social thought and the logic of
      her actions. Three maternal patterns which emerged are depicted: 1) mother
      centered, 2) child-centered, 3) intermediate. Four detailed descriptions of
      mothers' behavior and verbalizations to their children, and the children's
      reactions to these, exemplify maternal patterns.

PMID- 3704023
TI  - Countertransference in cross-cultural psychotherapy: the example of Jewish
      therapist and Arab patient.
AB  - In the course of most psychotherapies, the cultural background of the therapist
      vis-a-vis the patient seldom emerges as a potential barrier to treatment. This is
      so for the simple reason that generally both participants share similar
      backgrounds. When this is not the case, however, divergent cultural values and
      assumptions may invade the treatment--sometimes undermining it altogether. The
      focus of this paper shall be on some of the countertransference issues in cross
      cultural psychotherapy, with reference to one specific, and in some ways unique,
      therapist-patient dyad: the Jewish (Israeli) therapist and Arab patient. In the
      paper, I shall explore some of the more typical and troublesome
      countertransference issues that often occur in this particular example of cross
      cultural psychotherapy. In addition, some suggestions will be made regarding the
      technical management of these countertransference problems.

PMID- 3704024
TI  - On the ownership of thought: an approach to the origins of separation anxiety.
AB  - Separation anxiety is of major clinical significance, particularly in the
      management of personality disorder. Despite important advances, the origins of
      the phenomenon remain unclear. The hypothesis put forward here is that it is a
      manifestation of incomplete self-boundary formation. An elaboration of this idea,
      which has a Piagetian basis, provides an organizing framework for a therapeutic
      approach which is consistent with the empathic stance of the Kohutians and the
      recommendations of Winnicott.

PMID- 3704025
TI  - Suppression of cortisol following dexamethasone in demented patients.
AB  - Sixty-four nondepressed, carefully selected senile demented inpatients underwent
      two 1-mg overnight dexamethasone suppression tests (DSTs) separated by 7 days.
      These patients were in a clinically stable and drug-free state for at least 6
      months before testing. The Modified Ischemic Score and ICD-9 criteria for
      Alzheimer's disease were used to dichotomize subjects into Alzheimer's and multi
      infarct types of dementia. Patients with vascular dementias were significantly
      more likely to evidence DST nonsuppression. Furthermore, DSTs in this group were
      less reproducible from week to week than DSTs in Alzheimer's patients.

PMID- 3704026
TI  - Differentiating DST suppressors from nonsuppressors: a discriminant function
      analysis of clinical symptoms.
AB  - Ninety-seven patients who presented with depressive complaints were studied in an
      attempt to cross-validate a statistical model that uses items from the Hamilton
      Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) to differentiate dexamethasone suppressors
      from nonsuppressors. Two split-sample discriminant function analyses (DFA) of
      data from this sample showed little agreement with either the original model or
      with each other. Accuracy of classification was acceptable for the derivation
      samples but was no better than chance for the validation samples. No single HRSD
      item was identified by all three DFAs as distinguishing between groups. The HRSD
      does not appear to be a reliable instrument for clinically distinguishing
      dexamethasone suppressors from nonsuppressors.

PMID- 3704027
TI  - Test-retest reliability of information-processing measures among chronic
      schizophrenics.
AB  - Evidence of task reliability is critical for use of measures of attention in
      studies of individual differences among members of clinical populations. Test
      retest reliability of several measures of attention and information processing
      was studied in 14 chronic schizophrenics. Performance was stable over a 6-month
      period, except for decreases in reaction time.

PMID- 3704028
TI  - A brief method for assessing expressed emotion in relatives of psychiatric
      patients.
AB  - A measure of the attitudes and feelings that a relative expresses about a
      mentally ill family member, termed expressed emotion (EE), is derived from an
      extensive, semistructured interview, the Camberwell Family Interview (CFI). The
      present article describes a method for the assessment of EE attitudes that uses a
      variation of the 5-minute speech sample, originally developed by Gottschalk and
      Gleser (1969). The measure is derived from responses made by a patient's key
      relative when prompted to give thoughts and feelings about the patient for a 5
      minute period. A coding system was developed to score behaviors analogous to
      those rated on the CFI, such as criticism and emotional overinvolvement. The
      relationship between blind EE ratings derived from the 5-minute speech samples
      and those from the CFI was investigated with two separate samples of relatives of
      schizophrenics. The relationship between the sets of ratings was very close and
      supports the value of the 5-minute speech sample as a brief EE screening
      procedure.

PMID- 3704029
TI  - A depression scale applicable to verbal samples.
AB  - A depression scale scored through the content analysis of verbal samples is
      described. A classification is provided of the type of content analysis used in
      the development of this scale. The rationale for various mathematical
      transformations used in deriving the scores is given. The construct of depression
      is discussed, and measurement problems occurring in its assessment are outlined.
      The content analysis approach to measurement of psychological and behavioral
      dimensions is seen as a combination of self-report and independent observer
      rating scale methods. The place of normative scores with such measurement tools
      is explained. Reliability of scoring and construct validation data using the
      depression scale are presented.

PMID- 3704030
TI  - Cortical atrophy in young adults with a history of hyperactivity in childhood.
AB  - A computed tomographic (CT) brain scan study was conducted in 24 young males
      treated and followed up for hyperactivity since childhood. Compared to 27 matched
      controls, adults with a history of hyperactivity had a significantly greater
      frequency of cerebral atrophy. No differences in cerebellar atrophy frequency or
      in lateral cerebral ventricle-to-brain ratio (VBR) were found. The possible
      associations of hyperactivity or perhaps stimulant drug treatment to atrophic
      brain changes are discussed.

PMID- 3704031
TI  - Clinical response rate to ECT.

PMID- 3704033
TI  - An exact unconditional test for the 2 x 2 comparative trial.

PMID- 3704032
TI  - Indices of discrimination or diagnostic accuracy: their ROCs and implied models.

PMID- 3704034
TI  - Conceptualization and measurement of human disorder in life stress research: the
      problem of chronic disturbance.

PMID- 3704035
TI  - Perception of self-motion: psychophysical and computational approaches.

PMID- 3704036
TI  - Impact of child sexual abuse: a review of the research.

PMID- 3704037
TI  - Behavioral self-regulation in the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3704038
TI  - Temporal lobe signs: positive correlations with imaginings and hypnosis induction
      profiles.

PMID- 3704039
TI  - Placebo-like effects of education about rational-emotive therapy.

PMID- 3704040
TI  - Performance of male nursing students on the MMPI, fantasy, and self-esteem
      inventories.

PMID- 3704041
TI  - Reliability and validity of the Ohwaki-Kohs Tactile Block Design Test for the
      Blind.

PMID- 3704042
TI  - Introversion and neuroticism: a persistent relationship.

PMID- 3704043
TI  - Jungian typology of professional psychodramatists: Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
      analysis of certified psychodramatists.

PMID- 3704044
TI  - Social interests and feelings of hopelessness among elderly persons.

PMID- 3704045
TI  - Comparative trait analysis of long-term recovering alcoholics.

PMID- 3704046
TI  - Elderly persons' perceptions and knowledge of Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 3704047
TI  - Patterns of symptom report on the Brief Symptom Inventory.

PMID- 3704048
TI  - Type A behavior, cognitive defense, and stress.

PMID- 3704049
TI  - Factors related to duration of counseling in a university counseling center.

PMID- 3704050
TI  - Using personality variables to predict number of counseling sessions for clients.

PMID- 3704051
TI  - Psychiatric inpatients' attitudes toward mental disorder and the tendency to
      adopt a sick-role.

PMID- 3704052
TI  - Trait-anxiety and appraisal of flood hazard, a brief comment.

PMID- 3704053
TI  - Effect of a marriage and family therapy practicum upon students' self-perceived
      strengths and weaknesses.

PMID- 3704054
TI  - A multifacetted behavioral group treatment for test anxiety.

PMID- 3704055
TI  - A measure of chronic organizational stress.

PMID- 3704056
TI  - Development of a litigaphobia scale: measurement of excessive fear of litigation.

PMID- 3704057
TI  - Positive reinforcement in short-term treatment of an electively mute child: a
      case study.

PMID- 3704058
TI  - The Holistic Living Inventory: correlations with MMPI.

PMID- 3704059
TI  - The Boulder Model revisited: the training of the clinical psychologist for
      research.

PMID- 3704060
TI  - Daily hassles and profiles of well-being among older residents of small rural
      towns.

PMID- 3704061
TI  - Factors in sexual abuse of children.

PMID- 3704062
TI  - Identification of boys at high risk for delinquency.

PMID- 3704063
TI  - Comparison of the WISC-R, PPVT-R, and PPVT for learning disabled children.

PMID- 3704064
TI  - Conceptualizing style differences of normally achieving and exceptional students.

PMID- 3704065
TI  - Platelet MAO activity and the dexamethasone suppression test in bipolar
      depression.
AB  - The correlation between postdexamethasone cortisol levels after the dexamethasone
      suppression test (DST) and platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was studied
      in 31 depressed female inpatients with Research Diagnostic Criteria primary,
      endogenous, bipolar depression (12 bipolar 1 and 19 bipolar 11). Out of the 31
      patients, 25 showed abnormal DST results. Platelet MAO activity did not differ
      significantly from the matched control group. There was a trend that patients
      with higher MAO activity had lower postdexamethasone cortisol levels, but it was
      significant only for the 0800 hr cortisol levels.

PMID- 3704066
TI  - Spurious correlations--causes and cures.
AB  - Although the Pearson Product--Moment Correlation Coefficient is one of the most
      widely used statistics in the health and behavioral sciences, it is not always
      appreciated that the critical assumption of bivariate normality underlies its
      interpretation. When variables have marginal distributions which are skewed or
      have heavy tails which produce outliers, correlations may be either spuriously
      large or small. Having diagnosed problems through exploratory data analysis, one
      must take the appropriate corrective action, such as re-expressing (transforming)
      variables or selectively discarding discordant observations.

PMID- 3704067
TI  - Experimental assessments of behavioral and anatomical components of female chacma
      baboon (Papio ursinus) sexual attractiveness.
AB  - Two experiments were carried out in order to separate the effects of the
      behavioral and the anatomical components of female sexual attractiveness in
      baboons. In the first experiment, two ovariectomized females were given
      increasing dosages of exogenous estradiol benzoate, and data were collected on
      their behavior as well as on male sexual arousal as assessed by the occurrence of
      coagulated seminal emissions of the type that result from masturbation. Male
      sexual arousal levels increased positively with the females' perineal swellings
      and appeared relatively unrelated to the females' behavior. In the second
      experiment, data were collected from five different groups of males in a
      systematic fashion across the period of a full menstrual cycle for their varied
      stimulus female partners. Behavior observations were carried out on the five
      different stimulus females, and ratings also were made of fluctuations in their
      perineal tumescence. The results of this experiment make it clear that male
      sexual arousal fluctuated across the study cycles in a fashion very similar to
      that of the perineal swellings of the stimulus females. Behavior was shown during
      all phases of the cycle, and, although it may have had a positive influence on
      male arousal during the follicular phase of the female's cycle, it had no
      apparent effect during the luteal phase. These results taken together establish
      for the first time that an estrogen stimulated female perineum per se has the
      potential to sexually arouse the male baboon. In addition, the data suggest that,
      although behavior may exert a positive effect on male arousal, in the absence of
      an estrogen stimulated perineum it is not sufficient to arouse males to
      masturbate. Finally the results establish that, although intact females appear to
      show behavior increases which may be arousing to males around the time of
      ovulation, these behaviors do not have to be shown by a female in order to arouse
      a male, provided she is swollen.

PMID- 3704068
TI  - Rehabilitation from neonatal hypothyroidism: spontaneous motor activity,
      exploratory behavior, avoidance learning and responses of pituitary--thyroid axis
      to stress in male rats.
AB  - Long-Evans male rats were made hypothyroid from birth by the addition of 6-N
      propylthiouracil (PTU) to their drinking water (0.1%). A group of animals was
      rehabilitated beginning at postnatal day 25 by withdrawal of the PTU from the
      drinking water. Subsequently, the rats were tested for a variety of behavioral
      tasks. Serum concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (T4),
      and triiodothyronine (T3) were determined by radioimmunoassay. At 50 days of age,
      PTU-treated rats had non-detectable levels of T4 but an eight-fold increase of
      TSH. In 50-day-old, neonatally hypothyroid but rehabilitated rats, serum TSH and
      T3 were normal, although T4 was still significantly lower. At 90 days of age,
      basal levels of TSH and thyroid hormones were normal in the rehabilitated rats,
      but thyroid hormone secretion in response to various types of neural stress was
      markedly altered. Comparison of passive avoidance learning revealed no
      significant alteration in the memory retention of either PTU-treated or
      rehabilitated animals. The 50-day-old, rehabilitated rats showed increased
      locomotor activity both in running-wheel and in hole-board tests; this
      hyperactivity, though markedly reduced, still persisted at day 90. In the early
      phase of rehabilitation (50 days of age), decreases in exploratory activity and
      lack of habituation occurred with the hole-board test; by the late phase of
      rehabilitation (90 days of age) these behavioral parameters had become normal.
      These results suggest generally longer periods of plasticity of the brain and
      better prospects for rehabilitation from neonatal cretinoid retardation than
      commonly believed. Specifically, the pituitary-thyroid system and neural
      mechanisms integrating adaptive behavior possess considerable capacity for
      spontaneous recovery from hypothyroidism; certain types of altered neuroendocrine
      and behavioral responses appear to be less amenable to rehabilitation or require
      longer periods for complete rehabilitation.

PMID- 3704069
TI  - Face the beast and fear the face: animal and social fears as prototypes for
      evolutionary analyses of emotion.

PMID- 3704070
TI  - Abnormal motoneuronal excitability in hyperkinetic children.

PMID- 3704071
TI  - Electroretinograms reveal no evidence for centrifugal modulation of retinal
      inputs during selective attention in man.

PMID- 3704072
TI  - Analyzing event-related potentials: the utility of high and low pass filtering in
      improving the relationship between various amplitude measures and principal
      components analysis factor scores.

PMID- 3704073
TI  - Heart rate and oxygen consumption during active psychological challenge: the
      effects of level of difficulty.

PMID- 3704074
TI  - Facial electromyography: a measure of affective processes during sexual arousal.

PMID- 3704075
TI  - Small pitch separation and the selective-attention effect on the ERP.

PMID- 3704076
TI  - Cardiovascular responses of adolescents during a naturally occurring stressor and
      their behavioral and psychophysiological predictors.

PMID- 3704077
TI  - Dreamed speech and speech muscle activity.

PMID- 3704078
TI  - Searching for the names of pictures: an event-related potential study.

PMID- 3704079
TI  - Effects of a warning signal on reactions to aversive white noise stimulation:
      does warning "short-circuit" habituation?

PMID- 3704080
TI  - Event-related potentials in chronometric analysis of primed word recognition with
      different stimulus onset asynchronies.

PMID- 3704081
TI  - Electrocardiographic T-wave changes are more pronounced in type A than in type B
      men during mental work.
AB  - Phasic changes in heart rate (HR) and electrocardiographic T-wave amplitude (TWA)
      were monitored in healthy Type A (coronary-prone) and Type B (non-coronary-prone)
      men during the performance of a difficult arithmetic task. Type As showed
      significantly greater reductions in TWA as compared to Type Bs, though no group
      differences were present in HR change. This pattern of results, wherein a
      significant Type A-B difference was observed in a phasic measure of ventricular
      performance (TWA), but not in one of supraventricular performance (HR), suggests
      that Type As experience excessive neurally mediated sympathetic stimulation of
      the myocardium during mental work.

PMID- 3704082
TI  - Spouse-pair similarity on the California Psychological Inventory with reference
      to husband's coronary heart disease.
AB  - The present article reports on the results of several comparisons between 45
      adult males with diagnosed coronary heart disease (cases) and their wives and 50
      adult males without coronary heart disease (noncases) and their wives recruited
      from the Western Collaborative Group Study. The California Psychological
      Inventory and a life satisfaction inventory were administered to the couples in
      the two types of families. Results indicate that although both sets of husbands
      and wives fell within the well-functioning range on the CPI, wives of cases were
      significantly more dominant and less flexible than wives of noncase husbands.
      Case husbands were significantly more dominant than noncase husbands. No mean
      differences existed between case and noncase husbands and wives on a variety of
      life satisfaction measures. Computation of spouse-pair correlations revealed a
      pattern of overall dissimilarity across the CPI scales for case couples and
      overall similarity for the noncase couples. The only scale on which case spouse
      pairs were significantly similar was one measuring depression. Noncase couples
      were significantly more similar than case couples on scales measuring
      sociability, self-acceptance, and socialization. Previous findings from the
      research literature in the fields of personality, cardiac rehabilitation, and
      assortative mating are used to generate three competing hypotheses relating the
      present findings to cross spouse disease associations.

PMID- 3704083
TI  - Self-involvement and coronary heart disease incidence in the multiple risk factor
      intervention trial.
AB  - At intake into a multiple coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factor intervention
      trial, 3110 individuals were interviewed to assess Type A behavior. After an
      average of 7 years followup, the 193 individuals who manifested their first CHD
      event were matched with 384 CHD-free individuals. To assess self-involvement,
      auditors counted all verbal self-references (I, me, my) and clauses spoken in the
      audiotaped baseline interviews. Self-references were entered into multiple
      logistic regression analyses that controlled for age, diastolic blood pressure,
      cholesterol, cigarette smoking, and Type A behavior. Relative to matched
      controls, those who incurred CHD spoke more self-references at baseline [p =
      0.017; relative risk (RR) = 1.20], but did not self-reference more densely.
      Relative to matched controls, those who died from CHD spoke more self-references
      (p = 0.008; RR = 1.62) and self-referenced more densely (p = 0.027; RR = 1.54).
      Neither total self-references nor self-reference density was predictive of angina
      pectoris or nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI). However, among those who
      incurred MI, self-reference frequency was the strongest predictor of mortality
      among all the measured risk factors (p = 0.01, RR = 2.0). The results suggest
      that self-involvement is related to CHD incidence.

PMID- 3704084
TI  - Self-deception predicts self-report and endurance of pain.
AB  - This study sought to test predictions made from disregulation and systems
      theories regarding self-deception and pain responsivity. Sixty-four subjects
      completed the L-scale of the Eysenck Personality Inventory and, based on their
      scores, were categorized as either High, Medium, or Low Deceptors. Both sensory
      threshold and three levels of affective pain judgments were determined using
      electrocutaneous nociceptive stimulation applied to the forearm. Results
      indicated that there were no differences among groups in their sensation
      thresholds. However, large differences in affective pain judgments emerged
      between High and Low Deceptors. High Deceptors differed significantly from Low
      Deceptors at the Tolerance (9.4 vs. 5.2 mA, p less than 0.001), Pain threshold
      (7.9 vs. 3.8 mA, p less than 0.001), and Discomfort (4.4 vs. 2.2 mA, p less than
      0.01) judgment levels. These findings are consistent with a systems model of pain
      perception and are discussed in terms of the role of pain in mediating the
      relationship between cognitive coping patterns and recovery from illness and
      surgery. A possible opiate-peptide hypothesis of repressive coping &
      disregulation of pain is proposed.

PMID- 3704086
TI  - The effect of coping strategies on the relief of pain following surgical
      intervention for lower back pain.
AB  - Subjects' use of coping strategies was assessed by use of the Coping Strategy
      Questionnaire in a sample of 50 back pain patients prior to undergoing a
      laminectomy procedure. Three factors--Self-Reliance, Loss of Control, and Active
      Coping and Suppression--accounted for a large proportion of variance in
      questionnaire responses. Two of these factors--Self-Reliance and Loss of Control-
      were found to be predictive of postsurgical adjustment above and beyond what may
      be predicted on the basis of either patients' presurgical medical status (type of
      disc and disability status) or their tendency to somaticize. This study also
      replicates previous findings in the literature regarding the effect of type of
      disc and one's tendency to somaticize on surgical outcome.

PMID- 3704085
TI  - A cross-modality approach for treatment of chronic pain: a preliminary report.
AB  - Three subjects, presenting a variety of chronic pain problems, were treated with
      a cross-modality feedback technique. Their presenting pain intensity was matched
      to a pure tone auditory stimulus decibel level and in each session this stimulus
      was progressively reduced in loudness, with the subjects having the task of
      reducing their pain to match each new, lower decibel levels. Audiometric
      measures, responses to pain assessment scales, self-reports, reports from
      hospital staff, and reductions in pain medications all demonstrated marked pain
      reduction in all cases. Follow-up assessments revealed that the improvements were
      maintained long after treatment had been discontinued.

PMID- 3704087
TI  - Anger and anxiety in borderline hypertension.
AB  - Psychologic studies of hypertension have usually focused on the relationship of
      anger and anxiety to clinic or laboratory blood pressure (BP). Yet, average blood
      pressure outside of the clinic has proven to be a more important predictor of
      hypertensive complications. In this study, we have isolated two groups of
      borderline hypertensives--one group that maintained high blood pressure outside
      of the clinic and another whose average BP returned to normal at home. All 33
      subjects were given psychometric instruments for measuring various components of
      anger and anxiety: Spielberger's State-Trait Personality Inventory, the Anger
      Expression Scale, and the State Anger Reaction Scale. The high home BP group
      reported greater intensity of anger, although they suppressed their expression of
      anger to a greater extent. The groups did not differ in anxiety. Also, blood
      pressure variability was not different between the two groups. It is suggested
      that the psychologic differences found in the group of higher-risk borderline
      hypertensives may, through autonomic arousal, contribute to the later development
      of established hypertension.

PMID- 3704088
TI  - Occupational stress, suppressed anger, and hypertension.
AB  - The present study examined the modifying effect of suppressed anger on the
      relationship between job stress and hypertension. The study population consisted
      of a random sample of male hourly workers, aged 40-63 years, employed at one of
      two plants in the metropolitan Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania area. Those men currently
      taking antihypertensive medication were excluded from the analyses. With both
      plants combined, stratified analyses indicated that, compared to men who do not
      habitually suppress their anger, hypertension was more strongly associated with
      self-reports of an uncertain job future and dissatisfaction with coworkers and
      promotions among men who suppress their anger. Using logistic regression
      procedures, these interactions between suppressed anger and job stress
      significantly predicted hypertension status, controlling for age, body mass
      index, smoking, alcohol consumption, and family history of hypertension. These
      findings suggest that a coping-related characteristic such as anger expression
      may be an important modifier of the relationship between job stress and
      hypertension.

PMID- 3704089
TI  - The relationship of depression to survival in chronic renal failure.
AB  - The authors examine the relationship between psychosocial factors and factors and
      survival of patients with chronic renal failure, while considering simultaneously
      the influence of parameters of physiologic functioning. Psychosocial and
      physiologic variables selected for discriminant analysis were extracted from data
      on 285 home-dialysis patients in Ontario, Canada. This analytical procedure
      defined which variables best discriminated between the survivor and nonsurvivor
      groups. The findings suggest that demographic and psychosocial factors may be
      more important than physiologic variables in determination of survival on home
      dialysis. The severity and type of depression is of particular importance to
      outcome.

PMID- 3704090
TI  - Cynicism and paranoid alienation in the Cook and Medley HO Scale.
AB  - Factor analysis of responses from 1002 men and women were used to define two
      subscales of the Cook and Medley Hostility Scale. Both the Cynicism and the
      Paranoid Alienation subscale described attitudes of mistrust and alienation, and
      both were correlated with MMPI factors measuring aspects of psychopathology. It
      was suggested that measures of the broader domain of Agreeableness-Antagonism be
      examined as possible predictors of CHD.

PMID- 3704091
TI  - American Psychosomatic Society. Abstracts of papers, annual meeting. March 20-23,
      1986.

PMID- 3704092
TI  - Relations between psychopathological and socio-professional factors in out
      patient department psychiatry. Joint work of the University Psychiatric
      Policlinic (Out-Patient Clinic), of the Research Centre of the University
      Institute of Mental Hygiene and of the Chair of Mathematics of Human Sciences of
      the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences.

PMID- 3704093
TI  - [Positive reference person in early childhood--prevention of psychogenic
      diseases].

PMID- 3704094
TI  - [The concepts of disease as paradigms in psychotherapy].

PMID- 3704095
TI  - [Significance of slenderness in the perception of anorectic patients--with an
      illustrative discussion of A. Giacometti's sculptures].

PMID- 3704096
TI  - [Follow-up study of mood changes in the first 5 days following delivery].

PMID- 3704097
TI  - [Single abortion--multiple abortions, a comparison].

PMID- 3704098
TI  - Do medications reduce cerebral blood in COPD patients?

PMID- 3704099
TI  - Biology and consciousness.

PMID- 3704100
TI  - A biopsychosocial approach to AIDS.

PMID- 3704101
TI  - Coping with medical illness: the impact of personality types.

PMID- 3704102
TI  - Assessment of family coping with illness.

PMID- 3704103
TI  - The health care revolution: from patient to client to customer.

PMID- 3704104
TI  - Imipramine in the treatment of chronic pelvic pain.

PMID- 3704105
TI  - Problems of anticoagulation with warfarin in hyperthyroidism.
AB  - From clinical observation it would appear that hyperthyroid patients are
      particularly sensitive to the anticoagulant effects of warfarin. A study was made
      of clotting factors prothrombin (II), VII, procoagulant VIII (VIIIC), IX and X
      and of prothrombin ratio (PTR) and partial thromboplastin time with kaolin (PTT
      K). These parameters and warfarin levels were measured before and following a
      single dose of warfarin given to five patients when hyperthyroid and again when
      euthyroid. Hyperthyroidism was associated with lower activity of factor II and a
      shorter PTT-K. Warfarin produced a greater fall in factors II and VII and a
      greater increase in PTR and PTT-K in the hyperthyroid state than in the euthyroid
      state. The enhanced response to warfarin in hyperthyroidism was, however,
      relatively greater for the PTR than for the PTT-K. In order to produce adequate
      protection against intravascular thrombosis by a suitable prolongation of the PTT
      K, it may be necessary in hyperthyroid patients to extend the PTR beyond the
      normal therapeutic range.

PMID- 3704106
TI  - Small bowel ulceration in patients receiving non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
      drugs for rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Evidence is presented for a non-specific ulcerative process in the small bowel of
      patients with rheumatoid arthritis. All three cases presented with lower
      gastrointestinal bleeding; on withdrawal of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
      no further bleeding occurred. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may lead to
      small bowel ulceration in inhibiting mucosal glycoprotein synthesis and
      increasing intestinal permeability.

PMID- 3704107
TI  - The management of pregnancy in Wilson's disease treated with trientine.
AB  - Seven patients with Wilson's disease, treated with trientine, have been followed
      during 11 pregnancies. Eight of these resulted in the delivery of normal infants,
      whilst one was very premature (31 weeks) and was later shown to have a
      chromosomal defect, isochromosome X. There was one therapeutic termination and
      one miscarriage associated with a contraceptive coil. The eight children are
      progressing satisfactorily and have been studied for periods varying from three
      months to nine years; all mothers are also doing well. The child with the
      isochromosome X is developing slowly; she shows no morphological abnormalities at
      this stage. The normal-for-age caeruloplasmin values found in the cord blood
      indicates that there was no significant copper depletion in the foetuses, as a
      result of treatment.

PMID- 3704108
TI  - Differences in thermosensitization among cloned cell lines isolated from a single
      human melanoma xenograft.
AB  - Differences in thermosensitization (effect of step-down heating) among one
      uncloned and five cloned cell lines isolated from a single tumor of a human
      melanoma xenograft were studied. Cells from passages 7-12 in vitro were exposed
      to graded heat treatments at 41.5 degrees C immediately, 1 h, and 2 h after a
      conditioning treatment of 43.5 degrees C (90 min). The thermosensitization was
      largest immediately after the conditioning treatment and then decayed
      exponentially. The differences among the cell lines were reflected in the maximum
      magnitude as well as in the rate of decay of the thermosensitization. The maximum
      thermosensitization ratios (TSR), calculated as the ratio of the D0 values at
      41.5 degrees C for single-heated and preheated cells, ranged from 5.3 +/- 1.5 to
      14.9 +/- 5.2 and were not correlated to the surviving fractions after the
      conditioning treatment. The half-times for the decay of the thermosensitization
      ranged from 1.5 +/- 0.3 h to 3.1 +/- 0.5 h and were not correlated to the maximum
      TSR. Moreover, there was no correlation between the magnitude of the maximum
      thermosensitization at 41.5 degrees C and the magnitude of the maximum
      thermotolerance at 43.5 degrees C, as induced by the same treatment (43.5 degrees
      C for 90 min).

PMID- 3704110
TI  - The clonogenic response of bovine aortic endothelial cells in culture to
      radiation.
AB  - The effect of ionizing radiation on the survival of bovine aortic endothelial
      (BAE) cells was determined by the in vitro colony formation method. The BAE cells
      were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10%
      calf serum, antibiotics, and growth factors obtained from the culture of mouse S
      180 cells. The cultured BAE cells were positive to the staining of antibodies
      against human factor VIII and formed clones in plastic culture flasks with a
      plating efficiency of about 11%. The survival curve of the BAE cells following an
      exposure to a single dose of X rays was characterized by D0 = 101 rad, Dq = 65
      rad, and an extrapolation number (n) of 1.9. These parameters were not modified
      by the absence of growth factors at the time of irradiation. The response of BAE
      cells to radiation was dose-rate dependent. The split-dose studies demonstrated
      that the BAE cells were able to repair sublethal radiation damage within 1 h
      after irradiation.

PMID- 3704109
TI  - Ionizing radiation as an initiator in the mouse two-stage model of skin tumor
      formation.
AB  - The initiating potential of a range (7.5 to 22.5 Gy) of 4 MeV X rays was studied
      using the mouse skin two-stage model of carcinogenesis. A single dose of
      radiation was followed by 60 weeks of promotion with 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol
      13-acetate (TPA) (8 nmol, two times per week). Since the proliferative state of a
      target cell population is known to influence carcinogen-induced tumorigenesis, we
      also investigated the effect of TPA on tumor incidence when applied as a single
      dose (17 nmol) 24 h prior to irradiation. Evidence presented here indicates that
      ionizing radiation can act as an initiator in this model system. All groups of
      animals that were promoted with TPA developed papillomas regardless of radiation
      treatment; however, only those groups of animals that received irradiation
      followed by TPA promotion developed squamous cell carcinomas. The incidence of
      nonepidermal tumors was similar between all radiation dose groups and was
      independent of TPA promotion. Our results also indicate that TPA pretreatment
      prior to irradiation results in an overall increase in the total tumor incidence,
      including both epidermal and nonepidermal tumors.

PMID- 3704111
TI  - Gastrointestinal absorption of neptunium in primates: effect of ingested mass,
      diet, and fasting.
AB  - Absorption and retention of neptunium were determined in baboons after
      intragastric administration of neptunium nitrate solutions at pH 1. The effects
      of mass, diet, and fasting on absorption were studied. At higher mass levels (400
      800 micrograms Np/kg), absorption was about 1%; at lower mass intakes (0.0009
      0.005 micrograms Np/kg), absorption was reduced by 10- to 20-fold. The addition
      of an oxidizing agent (Fe3+) increased gastrointestinal absorption and supported
      the hypothesis of a reduction of Np (V) when loss masses were ingested. Diets
      depleted of or enriched with hydroxy acids did not modify retention of neptunium
      but increased urinary excretion with increasing hydroxy acid content. The diet
      enriched with milk components reduced absorption by a factor of 5. Potatoes
      increased absorption and retention by a factor 5, not necessarily due to the
      effect of phytate. Fasting for 12 or 24 h increased retention and absorption by
      factors of about 3 and 10, respectively. Data obtained in baboons when low masses
      of neptunium were administered suggest that the f1 factor used by ICRP should be
      decreased. However, fasting as encountered in certain nutritional habits is a
      factor to be taken into consideration.

PMID- 3704112
TI  - Survival of heated or irradiated Chinese hamster ovary microcolonies that develop
      after an initial dose of heat.
AB  - Asynchronous or synchronous G1 cells were heated initially and then heated or
      irradiated a second time when the multiplicity of viable cells in microcolonies
      that developed from cells surviving the first heat dose had increased to 6-30.
      The survival of these microcolonies was compared with the survival of single
      cells that were heated or irradiated after the microcolonies had been trypsinized
      and dispersed into single cells. The survival of the single cells was similar to
      the survival of the microcolonies and much higher than single cell survival
      calculated by correcting microcolony survival for multiplicity. However, when
      microcolonies developed from control unheated cells, the observed single cell
      survival corresponded to single cell survival calculated by correcting
      microcolony survival for multiplicity. Therefore, multiplicity corrections, which
      assume that cells within a microcolony survive independently from one another,
      are not valid when the microcolony has developed from a cell surviving an initial
      heat treatment.

PMID- 3704113
TI  - Cell kill and tumor control after heat treatment with and without vascular
      occlusion in RIF-1 tumors.
AB  - RIF-1 tumors (100-300 mg) were exposed in vivo to heat treatment (41-48 degrees
      C) for 30 min and then assayed for either cell survival or tumor control. The
      tumors were heated either with normal perfusion or with temporary vascular
      occlusion (clamped for 30 min prior to and during the 30-min treatment). The
      physical technique of water bath heating ensured temperature uniformity in both
      the perfused and vascularly occluded tumors. Survival curves for tumor cells
      heated under both conditions had a shoulder and exponential regions. While the
      T0's were not statistically different in the two cases, cells from the tumors
      whose blood flow had been occluded showed an enhanced sensitivity to heat as
      evidenced by a reduction of the shoulder by 2.5 degrees C. A similar increase in
      sensitivity was measured with the tumor cure assay with the TCT50 decreasing from
      47 degrees C for unclamped tumors to 45 degrees C for clamped tumors. The two
      assays are therefore in excellent agreement in assessing the effectiveness of
      heat treatment and the influence of vascular occlusion on the heat sensitivity of
      this tumor. Since the clonogenic assay was performed immediately after treatment,
      this agreement between assays indicates that direct cell kill by heat is the
      major factor in determining cure in this tumor.

PMID- 3704114
TI  - Chronic histological effects of ultrasonic hyperthermia on normal feline brain
      tissue.
AB  - The histopathological changes associated with ultrasonic heating of normal cat
      brain have been correlated with thermal distributions. Ultrasound energy was
      applied for 50 min at different intensities to generate tissue temperatures from
      42 to 48 degrees C. Animals were sacrificed at various intervals from 1 to 56
      days. The organization and resolution of thermal damage was characterized by
      three stages of histopathological changes within the nervous tissue. The acute
      stage (Days 1-3) was defined by (1) extensive coagulation necrosis, (2) pyknosis
      of neuronal elements in the gray matter, (3) edema and vacuolation in the white
      matter, and (4) polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The subacute stage (Days 3-21) was
      characterized by (1) the appearance of lipid-laden macrophages, (2) liquefaction
      of the necrotic regions, (3) fibroblastic proliferation, and (4) vascular
      proliferation with some perivascular inflammatory infiltration (lymphocytes).
      Lastly, the chronic stage (Days 21-56) was defined by (1) fibrosis (reticulin and
      collagen formation) and (2) gliosis (reactive astrocytic proliferation) occurring
      around the fluid-filled necrotic center. Analysis of these data has also included
      a study of the lesion size versus the dose (temperature for 50 min) of heating.
      The results demonstrate a significant linear dose-response correlation. The
      results of this study indicate that the histological appearance and time course
      of repair of thermal injury in the normal brain tissue are analogous to acute
      brain necrosis resulting from cerebral infarction, except the thermal damage does
      not result in significant hemorrhage.

PMID- 3704115
TI  - Lethal and potentially lethal lesions induced by radiation--a unified repair
      model.
AB  - A model of radiation action is described which unifies several of the major
      existing concepts which have been applied to cell killing. Called the lethal and
      potentially lethal (LPL) model, it combines the ideas of lesion interaction,
      irreparable lesions caused by single tracks, linear lesion fixation, lesion
      repair via first-order kinetics, and binary misrepair. Two different kinds of
      lesions are hypothesized: irreparable (lethal) and repairable (potentially
      lethal) lesions. They are tentatively being identified with DNA double-strand
      breaks of different severity. Two processes compete for depletion of the
      potentially lethal lesions: correct repair following first-order kinetics, and
      misrepair following second-order kinetics. Fixation of these lesions can also
      occur. The model applies presently only to plateau (stationary)-phase cells.
      Radiobiological phenomena described include effects of low dose rate, high LET,
      and repair kinetics as measured with repair inhibitors such as hypertonic
      solution and beta-arabinofuranosyladenine (beta-araA). One consequence of the
      model is that repair of sublethal damage and the slow component of the repair of
      potentially lethal damage are two manifestations of the same repair process.
      Hypertonic treatment fixes a completely new class of lesions which normally
      repair correctly. Another consequence of the model is that the initial slope of
      the survival curve depends on the amount of time available for repair after
      irradiation. The "dose-rate factor" occurring in several linear-quadratic
      formulations is shown to emerge when appropriate low-dose and long-repair-time
      approximations are made.

PMID- 3704116
TI  - Radiation-induced taste aversion: effects of radiation exposure level and the
      exposure-taste interval.
AB  - Radiation-induced taste aversion has been suggested to possibly play a role in
      the dietary difficulties observed in some radiotherapy patients. In rats, these
      aversions can still be formed even when the radiation exposure precedes the taste
      experience by several hours. This study was conducted to examine whether
      increasing the radiation exposure level could extend the range of the exposure
      taste interval that would still support the formation of a taste aversion.
      Separate groups of rats received either a 100 or 300 R gamma-ray exposure
      followed 1, 3, 6, or 24 h later by a 10-min saccharin (0.1% w/v) presentation. A
      control group received a sham exposure followed 1 h later by a 10-min saccharin
      presentation. Twenty-four hours following the saccharin presentation all rats
      received a series of twelve 23-h two-bottle preference tests between saccharin
      and water. The results indicated that the duration of the exposure-taste interval
      plays an increasingly more important role in determining the initial extent of
      the aversion as the dose decreases. The course of recovery from taste aversion
      seems more affected by dose than by the temporal parameters of the conditioning
      trial.

PMID- 3704117
TI  - [The effect of the size of the irradiation field on the severity and outcome of
      the radiation injury of swine skin].
AB  - Swine skin areas of 12.56 cm2, 50 cm2 and 100 cm2 were exposed to beta-particles
      from 90Sr + 90Y (100 Gy). The increase in size of the exposed site caused a
      considerable increase in the degree of the affection and a change in the
      regeneration rate. Epithelialization of 12.56 cm2 skin field was completed by the
      14th-16th week, and it was absent after 4.5 years in the fields of 50 and 100
      cm2.

PMID- 3704118
TI  - [Changes in carbohydrate-energy metabolism in the rat brain during laser
      irradiation].
AB  - Laser irradiation of rats increases the activity of hexokinase and aerobic
      isoenzymes of lactate dehydrogenase, activates succinate- and alpha-oxoglutarate
      dehydrogenase and decreases the level of amino acids of a glutamine group.

PMID- 3704119
TI  - [Combined effect of metronidazole, interferon synthesis inducers and DNA repair
      inhibitors].
AB  - In experiments on mice with solid sarcoma 37, a study was made of modification of
      the radiosensitizing effect of metronidazole. The increase in the leucotic
      interferon titre, induced by the interferon synthesis inductors, did not
      influence the radiosensitizing efficiency of metronidazole: after the
      administration of the repair inhibitor, 8-bromocaffeine, the coefficient of
      suppression of tumor growth was higher and the number of mice with the regressed
      tumors greater as compared to animals affected by metronidazole and radiation.

PMID- 3704121
TI  - [Sex behavior of male rats after gamma-irradiation: various radiobiological
      characteristics].
AB  - The authors showed a pronounced and stable decrease in sexual motivation of male
      rats immediately after gamma-irradiation of the head with a dose of 2.58 C/kg.
      Exposure of the body to 1.29-2.58 C/kg radiation also inhibited sexual behaviour
      but only by the 45th-55th minute following irradiation: with higher doses some
      increase in sexual activity was observed immediately after irradiation.

PMID- 3704120
TI  - [Mechanism of the effect of nonionizing radiation on animals at the level of
      sensory systems].
AB  - In three series of experiments on mice (CBA X C57BL)F1 and Wistar rats a study
      was made of the effect of microwaves (0.9 GGz, 0.4 mW/cm2, 10 min) on the EEG
      reaction of adopting the photostimulation rhythm by rats; the effect of
      microwaves (0.6 GGZ, 0.04 mW/cm2, 5 min) and gamma-quanta (60Co, 0.5 Gy) on the
      reaction of avoiding by mice of cooled surfaces, and the effect of microwaves
      (9.8 GGz, 0.04 mW/cm2, 5 min) on the reaction of avoiding the water pool. The
      results obtained are discussed with regard to the hypothesis that the biological
      effects of weak microwave radiation may be realized at the nervous system level
      via cutaneous ceptors.

PMID- 3704122
TI  - [Radiation resistance of animals subjected to lethal irradiation with chemical
      protection].
AB  - The data are presented on radioresistance of mice 1, 5 and 9 months after
      irradiation (LD95-99/30) in conditions of protection with cystamine. It was shown
      that the resistance of these animals to repeated irradiation with LD50/30 is
      considerably lower than that of the animals not exposed previously. The
      radioresistance and such indices of the haemopoietic system status as quantity of
      caryocytes and colony-forming capacity of the bone marrow are compared.

PMID- 3704123
TI  - The relevance of the TDF and CRE concepts in combined radiation treatment of
      early cancer of the cervix uteri.

PMID- 3704124
TI  - [Pilot studies of the effect of combined hyperthermia and radiation treatment on
      the lung in young swine].

PMID- 3704125
TI  - [Detection of bone metastases using hydroxyproline excretion].

PMID- 3704126
TI  - [Gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma--results of treatment with combination
      therapy].

PMID- 3704127
TI  - [5 years' results of radiotherapy of pure seminoma--1970-1984 evaluation].

PMID- 3704128
TI  - [Peridural opiate analgesia for the treatment of cancer-related pain].

PMID- 3704129
TI  - [Control of the location of the afterloading applicator using computed tomography
      and effect on dose distribution in contact therapy of uterine cancer].

PMID- 3704130
TI  - [A microcomputer-based control device for the Decatron afterloading apparatus].

PMID- 3704131
TI  - [A dosimetric fatty tissue-equivalent thermoluminescent system].

PMID- 3704132
TI  - [Unconventional fractionation schedules--radiobiological basis and clinical
      possibilities].

PMID- 3704133
TI  - [Labeling of biomolecules by complex formation with metal ions].

PMID- 3704134
TI  - [123I-heptadecanoic acid--our initial experiences in its clinical use].

PMID- 3704135
TI  - [Comparison of the biokinetic parameters of [99mTc(DMPE)]-complexes with
      myocardial affinity].

PMID- 3704136
TI  - [Results of animal experiment tests of technetium-99m-DMPE in minipigs].

PMID- 3704137
TI  - Trigeminal nerve: anatomic correlation with MR imaging.
AB  - Through correlation with cryomicrotic sections, the appearance of the trigeminal
      nerve and its branches on magnetic resonance images is described in healthy
      individuals and in patients with tumors involving this nerve. Coronal images are
      best for defining the different parts of the nerve and for making a side-to-side
      comparison. Sagittal images are useful to demonstrate tumors involving the
      gasserian ganglion.

PMID- 3704138
TI  - Inferior joint space arthrography of normal temporomandibular joints:
      reassessment of diagnostic criteria.
AB  - Inferior joint space arthrograms of the temporomandibular joints of 31 healthy
      volunteers (62 joints) were obtained to determine normal arthrographic findings.
      The superior margin of the anterior recess was smooth and flat in 68% of the
      joints and concave in 32% with the subjects' mouths closed. The concavity was the
      result of the anterior ridge of the meniscus impinging on the contrast material.
      The concave impression could be distinguished easily from an anteriorly displaced
      meniscus on videotaped studies, which demonstrated a smooth transition of
      contrast material from the anterior to the posterior recess during opening of a
      subject's mouth. With the mouth open, the anterior recess decreased in size,
      appearing as a small, crescent-shaped collection of contrast material anterior to
      the head of the condyle in 52 joints (84%); it remained large in ten joints (16%)
      at maximal mouth opening. The configuration of the posterior recess was identical
      to that described previously; however, with the subjects' mouths closed, it was
      larger than the anterior recess, contrary to most previously reported results.

PMID- 3704139
TI  - Ethmoid sinus disease: CT evaluation in 400 cases. Part I. Nonsurgical patients.
AB  - The unique anatomy of the ethmoid sinuses makes it difficult to interpret "soft
      tissue clouding," especially on plain films. The clinical significance of
      isolated or generalized soft-tissue disease within ethmoid cells is unclear, and
      the patterns of bone erosion or remodeling must be relied on in establishing a
      specific differential diagnosis. Of 400 patients studied, 186 had inflammatory
      disease and 214 had tumors. Squamous cell carcinomas, metastases, and a few
      aggressive sarcomas were found almost exclusively to have bone destruction, while
      94% of the remaining neoplasms were characterized by cavity remodeling. Further
      differentiation was sometimes possible because of the pattern and degree of tumor
      enhancement. Of the neoplasms, only the minor salivary gland lesions and neuromas
      had nonhomogeneous enhancement. Malignant lesions cannot be diagnosed with
      computed tomography (CT) unless bone destruction is present. Similarly, although
      the significance of persistent, benign-appearing soft-tissue disease during
      chemotherapy is unclear, tumor must always be suspected, even after many months
      of a stable CT appearance.

PMID- 3704140
TI  - Ethmoid sinus disease: CT evaluation in 400 cases. Part II. Postoperative
      findings.
AB  - Clinical, pathologic, and computed tomographic (CT) findings were reviewed in 400
      patients with ethmoid sinus disease, including 272 who had undergone surgery. The
      postoperative appearance of ethmoid sinuses on CT scans is a highly neglected
      subject in radiologic literature. The unique ethmoid anatomy permits a variety of
      surgical approaches, and radiologists must be familiar with the postoperative
      appearances if they are to recognize the effects of prior surgery and detect,
      when possible, the recurrence of disease. It is often difficult to evaluate the
      clinical significance of soft-tissue disease, despite good clinical correlation.

PMID- 3704141
TI  - Ethmoid sinus disease: CT evaluation in 400 cases. Part III. Craniofacial
      resection.
AB  - Of 400 patients with ethmoid sinus disease, 18 had undergone craniofacial
      resection. This operation is an aggressive surgical procedure directed at total
      en bloc extirpation of tumors that extend through the floor of the anterior
      cranial fossa. Recent advances in surgical technique have made it the procedure
      of choice for sinonasal tumors that extend through the cribriform plate, fovea
      ethmoidalis, and orbital roof. Specifically, this operation has had excellent
      results in patients with esthesioneuroblastomas. Radiologists must be aware of
      the possible pitfalls in interpreting the postoperative computed tomographic
      scans and the findings that suggest tumor recurrence.

PMID- 3704142
TI  - Flowing cerebrospinal fluid in normal and hydrocephalic states: appearance on MR
      images.
AB  - The signal intensity of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the cerebral aqueduct
      and lateral ventricles on magnetic resonance (MR) images was evaluated in 16
      healthy individuals and in 32 patients with various forms of hydrocephalus (20
      with chronic normal pressure hydrocephalus [NPH], seven with acute communicating
      hydrocephalus, and five with hydrocephalus ex vacuo [atrophy]). The low signal
      intensity frequently observed in the cerebral aqueduct is believed to reflect the
      pulsatile motion of CSF, which is related to the cardiac cycle. While this
      "aqueductal flow void phenomenon" can be observed in healthy individuals, it is
      most pronounced in patients with chronic, communicating NPH; is less evident in
      patients with acute, communicating hydrocephalus; and is least evident in
      patients with atrophy. Ventricular compliance is known to be essentially normal
      in atrophy; mildly decreased in acute, communicating hydrocephalus; and severely
      decreased in NPH. The degree of aqueductal signal loss is believed to reflect the
      velocity of the pulsatile CSF motion, which in turn depends on the relative
      ventricular compliance and surface area.

PMID- 3704143
TI  - Fibrinolytic therapy.
AB  - The state of the art of fibrinolytic therapy is constantly changing; perhaps no
      other area of medicine is developing as rapidly. This paper presents the status
      of fibrinolytic therapy from the authors' viewpoint. Many statements are
      controversial. It is possible to find divergent opinions expressed by experts on
      almost any aspect of fibrinolysis. Objective data are rapidly accumulating, but
      because new substances continue to be developed, the present and future statuses
      of fibrinolysis remain unclear. The current results of fibrinolytic therapy are
      excellent but will be dwarfed by the effects of new compounds and techniques in
      the near future. Continued developments in this field will have a major impact on
      improved health care delivery.

PMID- 3704144
TI  - Arterial and venous embolization: declotting of dialysis shunts by direct
      injection of streptokinase.
AB  - During the past 33 months, thrombolysis of 79 clotted hemodialysis shunts was
      attempted by injecting small quantities of dilute streptokinase solution directly
      into the clotted shunt, followed by massage of the clot. Embolization of clot
      fragments in six of 79 cases (7.6%) was demonstrated angiographically. In four of
      the six cases embolization involved the brachial artery or its branches. In one
      case embolization involved an arm vein, and in one case embolization involved
      both the brachial artery and axillary vein. All patients remained asymptomatic,
      and repeat angiographic study, usually performed the following day, showed
      resolution of the emboli in four of five cases. The incidence of embolization in
      direct-injection thrombolysis reported in this study appears to be comparable to
      that reported in studies using the streptokinase infusion technique.

PMID- 3704145
TI  - Upper and midureteral calculi: percutaneous extraction with an occlusion balloon
      catheter.
AB  - In 44 patients with one or more calculi in the upper two-thirds of the ureter,
      single-stage percutaneous nephrolithotomy was performed through a middle or upper
      calyceal nephrostomy after cystoscopic placement of an occlusion balloon catheter
      distal to the calculus; in 42, the procedure was successful. The occlusion
      balloon catheter permitted retrograde opacification of all systems for enhanced
      renal puncture. In the last 30 patients an attempt was made either to push the
      calculus upward mechanically or to flush it upward into the renal pelvis with
      carbon dioxide or dilute contrast material. This was successful in 24 of these
      patients. Prior overnight occlusion of the ureter by means of ureteral dilatation
      further facilitates dislodgment of the calculus, which was successful in 12 of 13
      patients.

PMID- 3704146
TI  - Aortopulmonary window lesions: detection with chest radiography.
AB  - A retrospective morphologic study of 80 cases was undertaken to determine factors
      affecting detectability of computed tomographically (CT) proved aortopulmonary
      (AP) window lesions on conventional posteroanterior (PA) and lateral chest
      radiographs. Criteria used for determining abnormality were: solitary lymph node
      enlargement over 1.5 cm or three or more 1-cm nodes and obvious large masses or
      vascular anomalies. CT scans and corresponding PA and lateral radiographs were
      analyzed for lesion detectability, size, and location. In 49% of cases there was
      no detectable lesion in the AP window on radiographs; a definite AP window lesion
      was seen in 41%, and 10% were equivocal. Major contributing factors to low
      detectability of AP window lesions on radiographs include size and, more
      important, location of the lesion. An additional 45 cases of CT-proved normal AP
      windows were retrospectively reviewed to determine the false-positive rate of PA
      and lateral radiographs in detection of AP window lesions: 43 (96%) were
      classified as negative, the remaining two (4%) as equivocal. Although the AP
      window is a small space, it is the site of many pathologic conditions; the study
      results indicate that CT may be an essential procedure for its evaluation.

PMID- 3704147
TI  - Chest radiographs obtained with shaped filters: evaluation by observer
      performance tests.
AB  - The effectiveness of a shaped filter in improving nodule and infiltrate detection
      was measured by observer performance testing. Seven observers read 152 test
      radiographs of the chest obtained from human volunteers. Half the test
      radiographs had target images. Observer performance in detecting nodule or
      infiltrate images was compared with the shaped-filter system and with a
      conventional chest imaging system. The results were analyzed using receiver
      operating characteristic (ROC) techniques and indicate that the filter technique
      was not significantly different from the conventional technique in infiltrate
      depiction. Observer performance in detecting nodules was slightly worse on images
      obtained with the shaped-filter system.

PMID- 3704148
TI  - Early-phase myocardial infarction: evaluation by MR imaging.
AB  - In vivo gated magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed in 12 dogs
      immediately after occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery and
      serially up to 5 hours and again between 4 and 14 days. This was done to evaluate
      the appearance of acute myocardial infarcts and to determine how soon after
      coronary artery occlusion MR imaging can demonstrate the site of acute myocardial
      ischemia. In nine dogs with postmortem evidence of myocardial infarction,
      regional increase of signal intensity of the myocardium was present by 3 hours
      after coronary artery occlusion and conformed to the site of myocardial infarct
      found at autopsy. The signal intensity on T2-weighted images of the infarcted
      myocardium was significantly greater than that of normal myocardium at 3, 4, and
      5 hours after occlusion. The T2 (spin-spin) relaxation time was significantly
      prolonged in the region of myocardial infarct at 3, 4, and 5 hours postocclusion
      compared with normal myocardium. Myocardial wall thinning and increased
      intracavitary flow signal were found in six dogs with comparable pre- and
      postocclusion images in late systole.

PMID- 3704149
TI  - Mammographic microcalcifications: detection with xerography, screen-film, and
      digitized film display.
AB  - Pulverized bone specks and aluminum oxide specks were measured by hand into sizes
      ranging from 0.2 mm to 1.0 mm and then arranged in clusters. These clusters were
      superimposed on a human breast tissue phantom, and xeromammograms and screen-film
      mammograms of the clusters were made. The screen-film mammograms were digitized
      using a high-resolution laser scanner and then displayed on cathode ray tube
      (CRT) monitors. Six radiologists independently counted the microcalcifications on
      the xeromammograms, the screen-film mammograms, and the digitized-film
      mammograms. The xeromammograms were examined with a magnifying glass; the screen
      film images were examined with a magnifying glass and by hot light; and the
      digitized-film images were examined by electronic magnification and image
      processing. The bone speck size that corresponded to a mean 50% detectability
      level for each technique was as follows: xeromammography, 0.550 mm; digitized
      film, 0.573 mm; and screen-film, 0.661 mm. We postulate that electronic
      magnification and image processing with edge enhancement can improve the
      capability of screen-film mammography to enhance the detection of
      microcalcifications.

PMID- 3704150
TI  - Cryptosporidiosis of the gastric antrum: detection using CT.
AB  - We describe a patient who had cryptosporidiosis and cytomegalovirus infection of
      the gastric antrum that was initially detected on computed tomography (CT) scans.
      CT may be useful in the evaluation of immunocompromised patients with diarrheal
      illness, as well as in the assessment of the gastrointestinal tract.

PMID- 3704151
TI  - Esophageal stricture following high-dose-rate intracavitary irradiation for
      esophageal cancer.
AB  - Severe esophageal stricture developed in four of 12 patients who survived for
      more than 2 years after treatment for esophageal cancer consisting of external
      irradiation followed by high-dose-rate intracavitary irradiation. The strictures
      were seen between 13 and 21 months after initiation of radiation therapy. The
      length of the strictures appeared to relate to the length of the tumor before
      treatment and to the magnitude of the intracavitary dose. One of the four
      patients was helped by balloon dilatation.

PMID- 3704153
TI  - Normal shoulder: MR imaging.
AB  - Relatively poor spatial resolution has been obtained in magnetic resonance (MR)
      imaging of the shoulder because the shoulder can only be placed in the periphery
      of the magnetic field. The authors have devised an anatomically shaped surface
      coil that enables MR to demonstrate normal shoulder anatomy in different planes
      with high spatial resolution. In the axial plane, anatomy analogous to that seen
      on computed tomographic (CT) scans can be demonstrated. Variations in scapular
      position (produced by patient positioning) may make reproducibility of sagittal
      and coronal plane images difficult by changing the relationship of the plane to
      the shoulder anatomy. Oblique planes, for which the angle is chosen from the
      axial image, have the advantage of easy reproducibility. Obliquely oriented
      structures and relationships are best seen in oblique plane images and can be
      evaluated in detail.

PMID- 3704152
TI  - Trabecular mineral content of the spine in women with hip fracture: CT
      measurement.
AB  - The trabecular bone mineral content (BMC) of the spine was measured by computed
      tomography in 185 women aged 47-84 years with vertebral fracture (n = 74), hip
      fracture (n = 83), and both vertebral and hip fracture (n = 28). Eighty-seven
      percent of vertebral-fracture patients, 38% of hip-fracture patients, and 82% of
      vertebral- and hip-fracture patients had spinal BMC values below the fifth
      percentile for healthy premenopausal women and values 64%, 9%, and 68% below the
      fifth percentile for age-matched control subjects. No significant loss of spinal
      trabecular bone was seen in patients with hip fracture. If it is assumed that the
      rate of trabecular bone loss is the same in the spine and femoral neck, then hip
      fracture (unlike osteoporotic vertebral fracture) is not associated with
      disproportionate loss of trabecular bone. Hip fracture occurs secondary to
      weakening of bone and increased incidence of falls. Bone weakening may be due to
      disproportionate loss of trabecular or cortical bone, proportionate loss of both,
      or other as yet undetermined qualitative changes in bone.

PMID- 3704154
TI  - The knee: surface-coil MR imaging at 1.5 T1.
AB  - Seven normal knees (in five volunteers) and seven injured knees (in seven
      patients) were examined by high-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) imaging at 1.5
      T with a surface coil. Seven medial meniscal tears, three anterior cruciate
      ligament tears, one posterior cruciate ligament avulsion, an old osteochondral
      fracture, femoral condylar chondromalacia, and one case of semimembranous tendon
      reinsertion were identified. MR images correlated well with recent double
      contrast arthrograms or results of surgery. All tears were identified in both the
      sagittal and coronal planes. Because of its ability to demonstrate small meniscal
      lesions and ligamentous injuries readily, MR imaging with a surface coil may
      eventually replace the more invasive arthrography.

PMID- 3704155
TI  - Head and neck MR imaging in the pediatric patient.
AB  - Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging studies of the head and neck (excluding the
      brain) were obtained in 49 children believed to have lesions of the head and
      neck. Seven children had normal images; in the remaining 42, lesions were divided
      into four categories: midline lesions, lesions of symmetric paired structures,
      facial lesions, and nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal lesions. All entities were
      well delineated by MR imaging. The imaging planes and sequences chosen depended
      on the suspected abnormality. Midline lesions were best imaged in the sagittal
      plane, lesions of paired structures and the face in the axial or coronal planes,
      and nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal lesions in the axial or sagittal planes.
      Intracranial extension of head and neck neoplasms was best evaluated in the
      coronal plane. Surface coils provided better resolution and were thus more useful
      in evaluating small superficial lesions; head or body coils were more useful in
      defining the extent of large lesions. T2-weighted images provided better
      differentiation between normal and tumor tissue in patients with head and neck
      neoplasms.

PMID- 3704156
TI  - Influence of physiologic motion on the appearance of tissue in MR images.
AB  - Studies were performed to determine the possible influence of physiologic motion
      on the parenchymal intensity of organs in magnetic resonance (MR) images. It is
      known that periodic motion associated with respiration and cardiac function
      causes characteristic artifacts in spin-warp images. The present study shows that
      bulk motion can also cause striking intensity changes at velocities equivalent to
      the craniocaudal respiratory excursion of organs in the upper abdomen. The
      magnitude of the effect depends on the velocity and direction of motion with
      respect to the three orthogonal axes of the imager and on the technical details
      of the imager and pulse sequence. Large systematic errors in calculated tissue
      relaxation times are possible due to this phenomenon. The findings have important
      implications for clinical imaging because motion can cause artifactual changes in
      the gray-scale relationships among tissues. Some pulse sequences are much less
      sensitive to these effects. These results provide guidance for selecting MR
      techniques that reduce the detrimental effect of respiratory and other
      physiologic motion on examinations of the upper abdomen and thorax.

PMID- 3704157
TI  - Separation of true fat and water images by correcting magnetic field
      inhomogeneity in situ.
AB  - Dixon's method of chemical shift imaging of a two-component system is modified
      and extended without requiring additional imaging time. The modified method
      allows one to obtain truly segregated fat and water images of animal tissues.
      This is accomplished by acquiring additional image data from which information
      about in situ magnetic field inhomogeneity and bulk magnetic susceptibility can
      be derived. Applications to various anatomic sections of the normal human body
      are illustrated. The method is compared with the standard Dixon technique of
      chemical shift image separation.

PMID- 3704158
TI  - Conceptus dose from two state-of-the-art CT scanners.
AB  - Two phantoms, constructed from plastic and water and appropriately proportioned
      to simulate the female pelvis, were used in the evaluation of the dose delivered
      to a conceptus from two widely used computed tomographic (CT) scanners. Doses
      were measured along the central axis and surface of each phantom while scanning
      25 contiguous 1-cm sections. Ionization chambers were used for data acquisition.
      Methods for correcting for partial volume effects inside the chambers are
      examined. Formulas for calculating the dose to the conceptus in a wide variety of
      possible situations are presented. These data may be used to guide management of
      pregnant patients who require or have had CT examinations.

PMID- 3704159
TI  - Paraocular lymphoid tumors.
AB  - Forty-two patients with paraocular lymphoid tumors were treated with radiation.
      Histologically, 20 tumors were classified as benign lymphoid hyperplasia (BLH),
      ten as indeterminate histology (IH), and 12 as malignant lymphoma (ML). Of the
      patients with an initial diagnosis of BLH or IH, disseminated ML developed in
      23%. Cytologic and histologic studies were not helpful in predicting the
      malignant potential in some of these tumors. The possibility that BLH represents
      a premalignant condition with subsequent transformation into ML is discussed. A
      total of 45 eyes were irradiated in these 42 patients. Initial local control rate
      was 93%, with ultimate control rate of 100% after retreatment with radiation or
      surgery. Radiation therapy is the treatment of choice for these tumors; local
      control rates are high, and morbidity is minimal with proper radiation treatment
      planning.

PMID- 3704160
TI  - Surface shield: device to reduce personnel radiation exposure.
AB  - A simple device is described that can reduce personnel exposure from scatter
      radiation by up to 75%. The device consists of an oblong piece of shielding (0.75
      mm lead equivalent) that is taped to the side of the patient during percutaneous
      renal stone removal and other interventional procedures. Contrary to other
      shields and barriers, this does not interfere with access to the patient. Scatter
      exposure data from phantom studies are presented and the rationale for surface
      shielding discussed.

PMID- 3704161
TI  - Heart evaluation by cine CT: use of two new oblique views.
AB  - Two new oblique views on cine computed tomography for examination of the left
      ventricle of the heart are described. A short-axis view sections the left
      ventricle transversely, demonstrating all the ventricular walls; a long-axis view
      sections the left ventricle longitudinally, demonstrating the mitral valve,
      proximal aortic root, aortic outflow tract, and ventricular apex. These views are
      produced by a combination of table slew and patient positioning. Reproducible
      short-axis views were obtained in 16 healthy volunteers and 11 patients. Long
      axis views were obtained in 11 patients. Patient studies in the long-and short
      axis views were compared with results from angiocardiography, with nearly
      identical findings.

PMID- 3704162
TI  - Oblique planes of section in MR imaging.
AB  - Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging allows freedom in choosing oblique planes of
      section and rotation of the image plane with respect to the frequency-encoded (F)
      and phase-encoded (P) dimensions. A general method is described for understanding
      geometric relationships between the fixed magnetic coordinate system, patient
      positioning, and the flexible observer's coordinate system. Oblique planes of
      section are clinically useful in studying organs with an axis of symmetry that is
      oblique to the magnet coordinate system, such as the heart. Rotation of the image
      plane can be used to move motion artifacts away from anatomic regions of
      interest, such as the liver and spine. Appropriate use of oblique section
      selection and image rotation can improve MR image quality and diagnostic value of
      the patient study.

PMID- 3704163
TI  - Radiology malpractice lawsuits: California jury verdicts.
AB  - In 1983, 16 out of every 100 U.S. physicians were sued for medical malpractice.
      The authors reviewed the courtroom results of all 144 lawsuits involving
      California radiologist defendants reported in Jury Verdicts Weekly (JVW) between
      1971 and 1985. Almost half (66 of 144) of the lawsuits involved allegations of
      "failure to diagnose" (misinterpretations and oversights). About one third (45 of
      144) involved procedure complications (angiography, 22; myelography, 11;
      intravenous contrast administration, 5; other, 7). About three fourths (93 of
      127) of the verdicts favored the radiologist defendants. The authors' finding
      support the American College of Radiology Malpractice Awareness Task Force
      recommendations.

PMID- 3704164
TI  - Current status of lumbar diskography.

PMID- 3704165
TI  - Expanding spectrum of pulmonary disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria.

PMID- 3704166
TI  - Morbid obesity treated by gastroplasty: radionuclide gastric emptying studies.

PMID- 3704167
TI  - Small renal neoplasms: diagnostic imaging, pathologic features, and clinical
      course.

PMID- 3704168
TI  - Antinociception opioids and the cholinergic system.

PMID- 3704169
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of depression in the medically ill.
AB  - The evaluation of depression in the medically ill is a complex task that requires
      considerable clinical skills. Physical illness is a common cause of
      psychopathology and this should alert the physician to search for possible
      organic explanations of depressive symptoms, especially in the elderly. Major
      depressive disorders need to be differentiated from physiological demoralizations
      secondary to the strains of somatic disturbances. Clinical guidelines for the use
      of antidepressant medications in the medically ill are provided.

PMID- 3704170
TI  - Memory formation in birds: 1. Avoidance conditioning of the budgerigar
      (Melopsittacus undulatus) to sound stimuli.
AB  - A system is described for avoidance conditioning of the budgerigar (Melopsittacus
      undulatus), for sound patterns consisting of one or two sequential subunits and
      to discriminate between two closely resembling sounds. Electric shock was used as
      the unconditioned stimulus. Simple conditioning was accomplished in about 300-400
      trials. After a given sound pattern was firmly fixed by conditioning,
      discrimination between this and a new sound pattern was established relatively
      rapidly by using several consecutive sessions in which the two patterns were
      mixed. Discrimination was reinforced by associating the two signals by opposing
      electric shocks. An overnight rest period after the first few sessions improved
      the rate of conditioning during the following experimental period. A temporary,
      partial or complete extinction of conditioning was produced by longer rest
      intervals, but the original conditioning was reestablished by subjecting the
      animal to a few trials of reconditioning. Short intercalations of a new
      conditioned stimulus had no effect on the retention of the original conditioning
      whereas a random mixing of the first conditioned stimulus with a second produced
      a temporary decay in the original conditioning. The experimental system described
      here is useful for studying physiological and biochemical changes accompanying a
      memory process based on a linear sequence of sound patterns.

PMID- 3704171
TI  - Memory formation in birds: 2. Effects of stress due to experimental procedures on
      the conditioning of the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) to sound stimuli.
AB  - Conditioning studies involving administration of biochemical or pharmacological
      agents are often stressful to experimental animals. Some of these stressful
      manipulations were examined for their effect on the avoidance conditioning of the
      budgerigar to sound stimuli. There were individual variations in the capacity of
      the birds to accommodate to these stresses, but generally the stress factors had
      negative effects on their subsequent conditioning, the degree of this effect
      depending upon the type and severity of stress. Simple anesthesia with ether had
      the least effect, intravenous injection being next in severity, while
      intracerebral injection was most inhibitory. The effects due to anesthesia and
      intravenous injection could be decreased by delaying the conditioning procedure
      for 1 to 2 hours following the treatment, but the effect of intracerebral
      injection was more prolonged. The retrieval of temporarily lost conditioned
      response through brief reconditioning was not affected by intracerebral
      injection, indicating that, once a memory trace was formed, subsequent emotional
      and physical stresses did not obliterate it irreversibly.

PMID- 3704172
TI  - Evidence that thioridazine enhances amphetamine-induced stereotypy via
      anticholinergic activity.
AB  - The hypothesis that the anticholinergic properties of thioridazine can account
      for its ability to enhance amphetamine-induced stereotyped behaviors was tested.
      In one experiment, scopolamine-induced repetitive head movements were shown to be
      potentiated by thioridazine. In another experiment, subthreshold doses of
      scopolamine and thioridazine interacted to potentiate amphetamine-induced
      repetitive head movements. The data suggest that thioridazine, in addition to its
      neuroleptic activity, has significant anticholinergic effects in vivo and these
      effects may account for its potentiation of amphetamine-induced stereotypy.

PMID- 3704173
TI  - Action of a chronic administration of mescaline in dynamic behavioural
      situations.
AB  - The modifications of the rat behaviour caused by a chronic administration of
      mescaline were studied in two schedules of operant conditioning. In the "periodic
      conditioning" test, the schedule of reinforcement was changed from a fixed ratio
      to a fixed interval schedule. Mescaline (4 mg/kg/day and 10 mg/kg/day) caused no
      modification of the ability of the rat to adapt its behaviour to the new
      experimental situation. In the "reversal test" the contingency for food delivery
      was switched from one lever, where responses were previously reinforced to the
      other lever where responses had no programmed consequences. A chronic
      administration of mescaline (4 mg/kg/day) caused a total incapacity of the rat to
      switch to the lever which became reinforced in the reversal trial. A chronic
      administration of 9 mg/kg/day of mescaline had an excitatory effect and the
      number of reinforced responses in the II and III reversals exceeded the
      unreinforced responses in a measure greater than in the controls.

PMID- 3704174
TI  - Age, therapeutic "milieu" and clinical outcome in depressive patients treated
      with viloxazine: a study with plasma levels.
AB  - Authors studied 42 depressed patients of both sexes suffering from Major
      Depression and Dysthimic Disorder, treated with viloxazine for 4 weeks. All
      patients were divided into two groups on the basis of their age (Group 1 mean age
      45 +/- 2.2 and Group 2 mean age 68.3 +/- 1.12). Viloxazine was effective in
      different depressive situations, regardless of the age of the patient or the
      therapeutic context, even if in Group 2 the out-patients did significantly better
      (p less than 0.01) than the hospitalized ones. Mean steady-state plasma levels
      and level/dose ratios were significantly higher (p less than 0.05) in elderly
      patients than in younger ones. No correlation between viloxazine plasma levels
      clinical efficacy and side-effects was found even though patients suffering from
      Major Depression showed a trend to a better response with plasma levels below 5
      gamma/ml. The satisfactory antidepressant activity and the good tolerability of
      viloxazine in elderly depressed patients make this drug particularly suitable for
      using in ambulant geriatric depressed patients.

PMID- 3704175
TI  - [Structure and regulation of the expression of aldolase isozyme genes].

PMID- 3704176
TI  - [A bioreactor for diagnostic use].

PMID- 3704177
TI  - [Stopped-flow time difference analysis--a new approach for spectrophotometric
      analysis of high speed and high sensitivity].

PMID- 3704178
TI  - [Phospholipase B].

PMID- 3704179
TI  - [Psychoanalytic model concepts for the theory of alcoholism].

PMID- 3704180
TI  - [Rules of psychoanalysis and the ruling self].

PMID- 3704181
TI  - [The "didactic analysis" artefact. A critical contribution to Erich Semenauer's
      "Current problems in didactic analysis"].

PMID- 3704182
TI  - [Analysis of a therapeutic discourse sequence].

PMID- 3704183
TI  - [Acoustic method of experimental dream stimulation].

PMID- 3704184
TI  - Single and concurrent discrimination learning by monkeys after lesions of
      inferotemporal cortex.

PMID- 3704185
TI  - Visual identification following inferotemporal ablation in the monkey.

PMID- 3704186
TI  - United States National Cancer Institute Radiotherapy Development Program.
AB  - The United States National Cancer Institute (NCI) has long supported research in
      radiotherapy since its establishment by an act of Congress in 1937. One of the
      first grants for research awarded in 1938 was to support work in developing a
      cyclotron for conducting clinical research on therapeutic uses of neutrons and
      radioactive isotopes. Support for training cancer specialists was given high
      priority in the early days of NCI. In 1961, the Cancer Centers Program was
      instituted which included a radiation research program that became the primary
      source of grant support for radiotherapy clinical research centers in the US.
      There is a need for radiotherapy research because approximately 50-60% of people
      with newly diagnosed cancers will receive radiotherapy at some time during their
      disease. In 1979, the Radiotherapy Development Branch (RDP) assumed
      responsibility for all radiation program grants including radiation physics,
      radiobiology, and radiotherapy. The RDB manages a portfolio of grants and
      contracts with an annual budget of over $45 million. In fiscal year (FY) 1984,
      research support for individual investigator grants, program project grants, and
      contracts amounted to $22, 15, and 6 million, respectively. The accomplishments
      of NCI research grantees and contractors in radiotherapy-related areas have been
      considerable over the past 45 years. It is essential that NCI continue its
      commitment to radiotherapy research and development.

PMID- 3704187
TI  - The time-dose relationship for radiation-induced lung damage in pigs.
AB  - The dose-time relationship of radiogenic pneumopathy was studied in 68 young
      pigs. The right lungs of the animals were irradiated by means of a telecobalt
      unit. Dose distribution calculations and the preparation and execution of
      irradiation were chosen to largely parallel the treatment of patients. The
      radiation response of the lungs was quantified by chest-X-rays, functional
      studies and histological and biochemical investigations of the autopsy specimens.
      The dose which produced unambiguous signs of radiation pneumopathy in at least
      50% of the individuals (ED50), was used to draw an iso-effect plot. A steep slope
      of the iso-effect line was found when the number of fractions was increased from
      5 to 15. In contrast, the iso-effect line showed only a small slope when the
      influence of overall time was investigated. Significant differences between doses
      for early and late reactions of the lungs could not be detected. The radiogenic
      lung reaction in pigs is adequately described by the relation D approximately
      N0.32 X T0.05 and an alpha/beta value of 3.7 Gy. These results are in a good
      agreement with those derived for mice by other investigators. The good
      comparability of the biological findings obtained with pigs to man points to the
      application of this dose-time relation in radiotherapeutical practice.

PMID- 3704188
TI  - Temporal interactions in the Lewis lung tumour between cytotoxic drugs and acute
      or fractionated radiotherapy.
AB  - The suggestion was examined, that acute irradiation might be combined with some
      cytotoxic drugs to produce a supra-additive antitumour effect by timing the
      second treatment to coincide with the period of repopulation by tumour cells that
      survived the first treatment. The possible interaction of fractionated
      irradiation with drugs was also studied. Lewis lung tumours were treated in vivo
      with acute radiation (20 Gy) and 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(4-methyl cyclohexyl)-1
      nitrosourea (MeCCNU, 10 mg X kg-1), cyclophosphamide (CY, 120 mg X kg-1) or cis
      dichlorodiammine platinum (cis-Pt, 10 mg X kg-1) with time intervals ranging from
      simultaneous to 9 days in either sequence. Tumour response was measured by
      regrowth delay and combination responses were evaluated relative to calculated
      "additivity envelopes". With CY and cis-Pt, tumour volume response was
      approximately additive, whether the drugs were administered simultaneously, or up
      to 7 days before or after radiation. However, with simultaneous administration,
      MeCCNU and radiation were supra-additive in terms of volume response, although
      only additive using a clonogenic cell survival assay. A transplantation
      experiment suggested that the supra-additive volume response may be due to
      retarded growth rate in regrowing tumours. In the fractionation studies, drugs
      were given either at the beginning or at the end of a regime of 5 daily 6 Gy
      doses. With CY and MeCCNU the drugs were more effective when given with the first
      radiation dose, but with cis-Pt either regime was equally effective. There was no
      evidence that repopulation could be exploited to improve therapeutic effect with
      any of the combination treatments used in this study.

PMID- 3704189
TI  - Analysis of the rate of expression of radiation-induced renal damage and the
      effects of hyperfractionation.
AB  - The response of mouse kidneys to multifractionation irradiation using the
      [51Cr]EDTA clearance method was re-analysed. As previously published, a series of
      schedules was investigated giving 1,2,4,8,16,32 and 64 equal X-ray doses in an
      overall treatment time of 3 weeks, using doses per fraction in the range of 0.9
      to 17 Gy. The kidney function was assessed from 19 to 55 weeks after irradiation.
      The decrease of the clearance with time could be characterized by a new, relevant
      parameter: the relative rate constant for the development of late damage. These
      rate constants showed well defined dose-response relationships for each
      fractionation schedule with an estimated maximum rate constant of 0.15 wk-1.
      Making use of the logistic transformation of the relative rate constant data, the
      validity of the linear-quadratic (LQ) model was tested directly using proper
      statistical methods. We showed that only the higher fraction number data (16,32
      and 64) could be described by the LQ-model (alpha/beta = 5.0 +/- 0.5 Gy). The
      deviations from the LQ-model could not be explained by incomplete or slow repair
      and we concluded that the expression of the clonogenic survival of target cells
      in the kidney is not sufficiently described by a linear and a quadratic term.

PMID- 3704190
TI  - Survival and repair of potentially lethal radiation damage in confluent vascular
      smooth muscle cell cultures.
AB  - Confluent cultures of rat aortic smooth muscle cells demonstrated dose-dependent
      potentially lethal damage repair (PLDR), with an average repair factor of 4 for a
      10 Gy dose. PLDR occurred with a half-time of 2 hours and was nearly maximal by 8
      h. Among other factors, PLDR may contribute to the radioresistance of large blood
      vessels.

PMID- 3704191
TI  - Time-dependent recovery in the kidney.

PMID- 3704193
TI  - Split course pelvic irradiation and a boost for carcinoma of the prostate.
AB  - Fifty nine patients with prostatic cancer treated by definitive external
      irradiation were retrospectively evaluated. The true pelvis and prostate gland
      were irradiated by a split course technique for 48-50 Gy and 68-70 Gy in 7 weeks
      with a booster dose of 20 Gy delivered in the rest period (after 24-26 Gy) to the
      prostate via small ports. The overall 3 and 5 year actuarial survival was 83% and
      75%, respectively. Only four patients had persistent local disease and two of
      these (Stage D) died with local disease and distant metastases. Acute mild
      diarrhea or mild cystitis occurred in 26 patients whereas two patients developed
      chronic diarrhea lasting for 2 and 12 months after therapy. There were no long
      term complications requiring interventional surgery. Sexual potency did not seem
      to be affected. These results indicate that carefully performed external
      radiotherapy with a booster dose delivered half-way through whole pelvic
      radiation is very well tolerated without affecting the local control rate.

PMID- 3704192
TI  - Patterns of axillary metastases in breast cancer.
AB  - Thirty-seven (4.1%) cases of nodal metastases skipping the first level are
      reported in a consecutive series of 912 breast cancer axillary dissections
      including 392 N+ cases. First level nodes examination is sufficiently accurate in
      assessing the quality of nodal status (negative or positive) but not the extent
      of nodal involvement (number of involved nodes).

PMID- 3704194
TI  - Neuronal localization and motor effects of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) in rat
      uterus.
AB  - All parts of the internal female reproductive tract of the rat contained nerve
      fibers with immunocytochemically visible gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP)-like
      material. GRP-like immunoreactivity was also seen in nerve cell bodies of the
      paracervical ganglion formation, which in addition, harboured GRP nerve fibers.
      Pharmacological experiments were performed on isolated uterine and cervical
      smooth muscle tissue from two groups of spayed animals, one of which received
      estradiol. Both GRP and its non-mammalian counterpart, bombesin, evoked
      concentration-dependent clonic contractions in uterus and cervix, most pronounced
      in the estrogen-treated animals. Bombesin induced a stronger contractile force
      than GRP. The responses were not affected by tetrodotoxin. The observations
      suggest that GRP may be one of several neural messengers involved in the control
      of uterine motor activity.

PMID- 3704195
TI  - Chromogranin from normal human adrenal glands: purification by monoclonal
      antibody affinity chromatography and partial N-terminal amino acid sequence.
AB  - A method is presented for the purification of human chromogranin from adrenal
      glands obtained at autopsy. The procedure involved homogenization of whole glands
      in aqueous buffer, salt precipitation, affinity chromatography using a highly
      specific monoclonal antibody (LK2H10) and reverse-phase high-pressure liquid
      chromatography. Chromogranin purified from autopsy adrenal glands revealed a high
      degree of polypeptide heterogeneity when analyzed by silver-stained SDS
      polyacrylamide gels. Greater than 90% of the protein was represented by a cluster
      of polypeptides with an Mr = 70 000 (i.e. chromogranin A), while the remaining
      protein was highly disperse in molecular weight. That these various polypeptides
      were in fact chromogranin was shown by Western blotting using monoclonal antibody
      LK2H10. About 6 nmol of chromogranin were obtained from 97 g of starting adrenals
      which was estimated to be a 25% yield and a 250-fold enrichment from adrenal
      homogenates. Critical to achieving reasonable yields of this protein was the need
      for particular low pH buffers for resuspension of chromogranin after solvent
      removal steps. Chromogranin purified from human adrenal glands was similar in
      amino acid composition, and identical in the N-terminal amino acid sequence (24
      residues) to bovine chromogranin A. A secondary sequence representing 25% of the
      total protein and missing the first three residues of the N-terminus suggested
      the possibility of N-terminal processing of chromogranin in situ. The
      conservation of the N-terminal amino acid sequence of human and bovine
      chromogranin contrasts with the strong sequence variability predicted by antisera
      cross-reactivity and suggests that the N-terminus of chromogranin may be critical
      for its biological activity.

PMID- 3704197
TI  - Peripheral and central origin of Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-amide immunoreactivity in rat
      spinal cord.
AB  - Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-amide immunoreactivity (FMRF-NH2-IR) is highly concentrated in
      the dorsal horn of rat spinal cord, and particularly in nerve terminals of lamina
      I. In order to establish the location of the cell bodies of the lamina I
      terminals containing FMRF-NH2-IR, we measured by radioimmunoassay the FMRF-NH2-IR
      in sensory ganglia and in spinal roots. FMRF-NH2-IR was found in both tissues,
      and reverse-phase HPLC analysis revealed that both tissues contain the same
      molecular forms that are also present in the spinal cord. Lumbo-sacral rhizotomy
      induced a 50% decrease of FMRF-NH2-IR in the lumbar segment of the spinal cord
      suggesting that at least a portion of the FMRF-NH2-IR present in this tissue is
      of peripheral origin. Transection of the spinal cord at the midthoracic level
      induced a 20-50% decrease of FMRF-NH2-IR in the lumbar segment of the spinal cord
      suggesting also the presence of FMRF-NH2-IR in descending pathways.

PMID- 3704196
TI  - Hypergastrinaemia produces trophic effects in stomach but not in pancreas and
      intestines.
AB  - Hypo- or anacidity, caused by antisecretagogues, stimulates gastrin release and
      leads to hypergastrinaemia. If drug treatment is maintained over a period of
      time, the hypergastrinaemia can be expected to give rise to trophic effects. We
      examined the trophic consequences of the very marked hypergastrinaemia produced
      by long-term treatment (16-20 weeks) of rats with large doses of the substituted
      benzimidazole, omeprazole, a potent and long-acting blocker of acid secretion.
      The weight of the stomach and the oxyntic mucosal thickness were increased,
      whereas the weight of the pancreas and the intestines and the thickness of the
      mucosa of the antrum and small and large intestine were unaffected. The number of
      exocrine cells (parietal, zymogen and mucous cells) were uniformly increased by
      25-30%. The density of parietal and zymogen cells, expressed as number of cell
      nuclei per mm2 epithelium, was unchanged. The volume density of parietal cells,
      expressed as % of epithelial volume, was also unchanged, implying that the volume
      of the individual parietal cell had not increased. The density of endocrine ECL
      cells in the stomach increased 5-fold. Thus, the findings demonstrate a growth
      promoting effect of the hypergastrinaemia on the oxyntic mucosa, the ECL cells in
      particular, and the lack of such an effect on the antrum, pancreas and
      intestines.

PMID- 3704198
TI  - A method for the determination of tritium in environmental water samples by
      electrolytic enrichment.
AB  - In order to determine the tritium concentration in environmental water samples,
      the electrolytic enrichment was carried out with (St) and without (S) addition of
      tritiated water of a certain concentration (deuterium-free) to the samples. With
      the use of the fundamental formulas on electrolytic enrichment, the deuterium
      concentration (Dit) before electrolysis for an environmental water sample is
      determined by liquid scintillation counting and densitometry for the sample St.
      Furthermore, the tritium concentration in the environmental water sample is
      determined by the above methods for the sample S, and by the substitution of Dit
      for Di in the formulas. Tritium concentrations in environmental water samples
      were found to be determined within an accuracy of 10% by this method when Vi/Vf
      was 14-25. It is considered that this method dispenses with the direct
      measurement of low deuterium concentrations (Di) before electrolysis, a special
      technique on the purification of water for densitometry, and moreover, excludes
      the possibility of cross contamination in the electrolytic enrichment by the
      spike cell method.

PMID- 3704199
TI  - [Myocardial imaging of patients with myocardial infarction--investigation of
      diastolic imaging by ECG-gated study].
AB  - ECG-gated thallium (201T1) myocardial diastolic imaging and non-gated imaging
      were performed in 22 patients with myocardial infarction. These patients were
      separated into 2 groups according to echocardiographic findings; Group A: the
      patients with left ventricular diastolic diameter of 5.5 cm and over and left
      ventricular ejection fraction of 50% and under; Group B: the others. In the
      patients of Group A, the low perfusion areas could be demonstrated qualitatively
      and quantitatively by nongated images as well as gated-diastolic images, while in
      some patients of Group B, low perfusion areas were shown only by gated-diastolic
      images, which seemed to be useful. The images gated in 100 ms after the peak of R
      wave in ECG were conformed as diastolic images by echocardiography, and could be
      obtained within a half or two thirds of the conventional imaging time.

PMID- 3704200
TI  - [Computerized single probe system using a cadmium telluride detector].
AB  - Using cadmium telluride (CdTe) as a detector, we assembled a computerized single
      probe system. The size of the CdTe used is 16 mm in diameter and 2 mm in
      thickness. Two types of the straight bore collimators of 16 mm in diameter were
      prepared. One is 16 mm in length (long type) and the other is 5 mm in length
      (short type). The response curves of the long and short type collimators to 57Co
      in water showed that the points at 10% of maximum counts were 4 cm and 3 cm in
      depth along the center axis. The data were accumulated by using a commercialized
      single cardiac probe system (OMNISCOPE) and processed by itself or transferred to
      the microcomputer (LSI-11/23) for further analysis. Twenty percent count loss
      occurred at 100 000 cps with an integral discriminator setting. This system was
      applied for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt flow evaluation and measurement of
      left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Measurement of CSF shunt flow has been
      able to do in any patient's positioning. In 21 patients with various heart
      diseases, LVEFs obtained by CdTe detector were compared with those obtained by
      scintillation detector. There was good correlation between the LVEFs obtained by
      these two detectors: correlation coefficient (r)=0.939.

PMID- 3704201
TI  - [A trial of the quantitative bone scintigraphy in bone metabolic disease].

PMID- 3704202
TI  - [Shielding design and detection of neutrons from medical and industrial electron
      accelerators--simple method of design calculation for neutron shielding].
AB  - The neutron leakage from medical and industrial electron accelerators has become
      an important problem and its detection and shielding is being performed in their
      facilities. This study provides a new simple method of design calculation for
      neutron shielding of those electron accelerator facilities by dividing into the
      following five categories; neutron dose distribution in the accelerator room,
      neutron attenuation through the wall and the door in the accelerator room,
      neutron and secondary photon dose distributions in the maze, neutron and
      secondary photon attenuation through the door at the end of the maze, neutron
      leakage outside the facility-skyshine.

PMID- 3704203
TI  - [Shielding design and detection of neutrons from medical and industrial electron
      accelerators--accuracy evaluation of simple calculation method by neutron
      measurement].
AB  - The accuracy of new simple method of design calculation for neutron shielding in
      medical and industrial electron accelerator facilities, described in the
      preceding paper, is investigated in this work by comparing with the measured data
      in the actual facilities. For this comparison, several published data which have
      been measured in medical electron accelerator facilities were used, and in
      industrial facilities the measurement was performed in this work with a neutron
      dose equivalent meter. From the comparison of measured and calculated neutron
      dose equivalents, it was confirmed that this simple design method has
      sufficiently good accuracy.

PMID- 3704204
TI  - [Determination of elements in bovine tissues by instrumental neutron activation
      analysis].
AB  - Instrumental neutron activation analysis was carried out to obtain the normal
      concentration of trace elements in bovine tissues (heart, liver, kidney, spleen,
      lymph nodes) and serum. Concentrations of 17 elements were determined. In this
      paper, concentrations of Al, Br, Cs, In and Rb are given and correlations of
      concentrations are discussed between Cl and Br and between K and Cs or Rb.
      Significant positive correlations have been found between Cl and Br
      concentrations in all tissues, between K and Cs concentrations in tissues
      excluding kidney, and between K and Rb concentrations in tissues excluding liver.

PMID- 3704205
TI  - [Evaluation of skull scintigraphy with 99mTc-labeled phosphate complex in the
      mouse].

PMID- 3704206
TI  - Biological nitrogen fixation: recent advances and future prospects.
AB  - Current research on nitrogen fixation is basic to finding the knowledge needed
      for agriculture research in the future. Genetic engineering is the best approach
      to increase biological nitrogen fixation and recent developments hold promise for
      this technology. This concept employing atmospheric nitrogen fixation instead of
      fertilizer to grow food and feed crops, while a complex engineering task, is
      possible. The opportunities and difficulties are discussed.

PMID- 3704207
TI  - Validation attempts of a generic approach for regulating air toxics.
AB  - The validity of deriving ambient air quality standards or levels via threshold
      level values (TLVs) is assessed via two methodologies: (1) using current U.S.
      standards for ambient air standards and occupational standards where the data
      base is very robust and (2) using Soviet occupational and community air standards
      where the standards are based on experimentally derived toxicological endpoints.
      The analysis indicates that the TLV-derived approach using TLV/420 and the
      appropriate averaging time is in wide disagreement with both validating
      methodologies.

PMID- 3704208
TI  - Radiographic findings in cotton textile workers and the relationship to cigarette
      smoking.
AB  - A group of 140 cotton textile workers from Shanghai, Shandong, Guangxi, and
      Beijing have had their chest radiographs taken using similar requirements. Most
      had come from the preparatory departments of cotton mills and had a history of
      exposure to cotton dust for at least 20 years. As controls, 140 healthy
      individuals with no dust exposure were matched with respect to sex, age, and
      smoking history. All the radiographs were read according to the ILO International
      Pneumoconiosis Classification, and the manifestations belonging to categories 0/0
      and 0/1 were grouped as "normal," whereas categories 1/0, 1/1, and 1/2 and above
      as "abnormal." There was no significant difference in X-ray abnormalities between
      cotton textile workers and controls (P greater than 0.05). But when the data on
      the cotton textile workers and controls were combined, an appreciable difference
      in the incidence of radiographic abnormalities was found between smokers and non
      smokers (P less than 0.001). Cotton dust exposure may induce nonspecific
      interstitial pulmonary changes, but these changes were exaggerated by cigarette
      smoking. These two factors appeared to have an additive effect on the pulmonary X
      ray findings.

PMID- 3704209
TI  - A critical appraisal of the duration of chronic animal toxicity studies.
AB  - One method of assessing the contribution of studies of longer than 6 months to a
      safety evaluation program is to compare retrospectively the findings in toxicity
      tests carried out for 6 months or less with those observed after 6 months. The
      Centre for Medicines Research has therefore established a databank comprising
      animal toxicological data obtained from pharmaceutical companies in Europe.
      Twenty-one companies have provided data for 124 compounds (214 studies),
      including 88 studies of 65 compounds where comparable short-term (less than or
      equal to 6 months) and long-term (greater than 6 months) data are available. The
      results from the 88 studies show that, excluding the possibility of identifying
      carcinogens, tests of longer than 6 months have not added to the overall safety
      evaluation of these compounds.

PMID- 3704210
TI  - [Aseptic necrosis of the head of the femur in Cooley's disease].
AB  - The incidence of aseptic necrosis of femoral head in homozygous beta-thalassaemia
      (Cooley's anaemia)--which is indeed significantly high--is not satisfactorily
      referred in late literature regarding haemolytic syndromes. Therefore, 4 cases of
      osteonecrosis of femoral head, recently recognized in a series of 280 patients
      affected by Cooley's anaemia (14.5 0/00) are presented, and a review of
      hypotheses about the pathogenesis of the lesions is considered. In Cooley's
      anaemia, the skeletal lesion (osteoporosis) must be believed as a propitious
      state, in which some other pathogenetic events (i.e. local ischemia, bony age,
      etc.) and microtraumas overlap. In any case, characteristic blood circulation of
      the femoral head is the "conditio sine qua non" in developing osteonecrosis.

PMID- 3704211
TI  - [Duodenal and colonic involvement in neoplastic pathology. Anatomical and
      radiological considerations].
AB  - The authors present 3 cases of duodeno-colic involvement by malignant neoplasms
      and analyse the main radiological features. Benign and malignant duodenocolic
      fistulas are discussed and colic lesions caused by an extrinsic process. Guiding
      radioanatomical criteria are stated namely the alterations in the site of the
      principal lesion first and, afterwards, the morphological changes or displacement
      of the bowel.

PMID- 3704212
TI  - [A program devoted to dose and quality in mammography (DQM)].
AB  - Radiological units present different exposure values, (even by a factor 100), for
      the same radiological examination unless special programs are performed in order
      to optimize the examinations and to reduce variations. The program named DQM,
      mentioned in the Circular n. 62 of the Ministry of Health, is planned for
      mammographic optimization. The steps of the programme are: a) collection of the
      working parameters in each unit, b) dose and image quality evaluation, c)
      communication of the results and suggestion for corrective actions. The practical
      aspects of the program and the results of measurements in 65 mammographic units
      are presented and discussed. The importance of the Quality Assurance, performed
      by radiologists and physicists is underlined.

PMID- 3704213
TI  - [Quantitative evaluation of the phase image in radionuclide ventriculography ].
AB  - A functional image is a representation that enhances a particular characteristic
      of organ behaviour (feature enhancement) with a concomitant reduction or
      elimination of other informations. The functional image of phase (PI), obtained
      by Fourier analysis, may be interpreted to represent the onset of counts
      reduction or contraction in each region of the heart. Phase Spreading (PS), is a
      parameter derived from PI and represents ventricular temporal behaviour including
      some spatial information. Phase analysis and PS are very sensitive tools in the
      diagnosis and characterization of cardiac pathology. PS is a specific indicator
      of CAD, allows the introduction of normal ranges and is an example of
      quantitative evaluation of functional images.

PMID- 3704214
TI  - [Quality control in urography using non-ionic contrast media (iopamidol) and
      induced hydration].
AB  - A trial was carried out with the aim to overcome the limits of the non ionic
      contrast medium (cm) in the urographic evaluation of ureters and bladder (poor
      distention and high density). 200 urographies have been performed in patients
      with normal renal function (group 1: sodium iodamide; group 2: iopamidol; group
      3: iopamidol with glucose solution; group 4: iopamidol and injection of glucose
      solution after 15'). The scores ascribed to the four groups have been compared:
      in the comparison between ionic and non ionic cm a slight advantage of iodamide
      is evident, particularly in the evaluation of calyces and ureters. By adding
      glucose solution to iopamidol after 15', an improvement in the quality of the
      urogram has been obtained, but not statistically significant.

PMID- 3704215
TI  - [Vascularization of pulmonary sequestration of unusual presentation. CT
      diagnosis].

PMID- 3704216
TI  - [Radiologic procedures for directing laser therapy in obstructions of the upper
      respiratory tract].
AB  - 172 patients affected by obstructive diseases (malignant or benign) of the
      trachea and/or main bronchi and admitted to the hospital for a laser treatment of
      the lesions, underwent radiological investigations. All patients underwent one or
      more of the following examinations: routine chest radiography, tomography of the
      trachea or bronchi, CT of the lungs and mediastinum with axial scans (eventually
      completed by frontal and sagittal reconstructions). The radiological approach was
      extremely useful for selecting cases which had to be treated by laser therapy; it
      permitted to get information about the lumen and the wall of the airways, and
      about their relationship with all surrounding structures. Moreover, the cases
      examined permitted the bronchologist to assert the value of the x-ray
      examinations, either for a correct evaluation of the respiratory situation
      immediately following the treatment, or for a long term follow-up on all those
      patients who were affected by recurrent lesions.

PMID- 3704217
TI  - Empirically derived classifications of alcohol-related problems.
AB  - In recent years a number of investigators have utilized empirical techniques to
      develop classification schemes for alcohol related problems. This chapter
      examines this literature, reviewing both dimensional and categorical models that
      have been proposed. Despite much consistency in the methodologies that have been
      used, relatively few consistent substantive findings have emerged from these
      studies. However, increasing sophistication in the use of these empirical
      techniques over the past decade has produced some interesting results. One such
      study which yielded a hybrid model for alcoholism incorporating advantages of
      both categorical and dimensional approaches, is discussed in some detail.
      Finally, promising directions for future research are outlined with references to
      the implications of such taxonomy for alcoholism treatment and course.

PMID- 3704218
TI  - An examination of selected typologies. Hyperactivity, familial, and antisocial
      alcoholism.
AB  - In exploring potential alcoholism typologies, this chapter critically examines
      findings of adoption, high-risk, and familial alcoholism studies and studies of
      psychiatric syndromes in alcoholic individuals and their families. The adoption
      studies revealed that familial alcoholism and childhood conduct disorder and
      hyperactivity are associated with subsequent alcoholism. However, the
      relationship between childhood hyperactivity and alcoholism is probably
      coincidental to the conjoint presence of aggressive and antisocial behaviors in
      the same individuals. Psychiatric diagnosis and family psychiatric history
      studies suggest a synergistic relationship between alcoholism and sociopathy.
      Clinical studies of familial and antisocial alcoholism indicate that both are
      associated with early onset, more severe alcoholism, and poorer treatment
      outcome. Both meet clinical criteria for an alcoholism typology, although the
      evidence is more compelling for antisocial alcoholism. The findings of metabolic,
      electrophysiological, and neuropsychological differences between high- and low
      risk subjects are of potential import, although their present significance is
      uncertain. Further clinical evaluation of antisocial and familial alcoholism and
      their relationship to each other is necessary. High risk and familial alcoholism
      findings may be confounded by the subjects's antisocial characteristics.

PMID- 3704219
TI  - Alcoholic typologies. A review of empirical evaluations of common classification
      schemes.
AB  - This chapter reviews literature examining two typological classifications of
      alcoholism: typologies derived empirically by employing multivariate statistical
      techniques and typological classification schemes formulated from theoretical
      frameworks. Most of the empirical classifications were based on personality
      measures such as the MMPI, 16PF, and others. Examinations of theoretically based
      typologies included gender, psychopathology, and family history. The usefulness
      and limitations of these typological approaches are discussed.

PMID- 3704220
TI  - Special aspects of human alcohol withdrawal.
AB  - There are still surprising gaps in our knowledge of alcohol withdrawal. While
      quantitative alcohol consumption accounts for about one third of the variability
      in severity of acute withdrawal, there is little systematic knowledge about the
      other factors involved. Thus, we cannot precisely predict the severity of
      withdrawal in individual patients. Controversy exists as to the role of medical
      vs. social detoxification approaches to acute withdrawal, the influence of acute
      withdrawal and its treatment on the long-term outcome of alcoholism, and the
      importance (or even existence) of chronic withdrawal. There is little systematic
      data to guide withdrawal treatment in special clinical settings, e.g., with
      concurrent medical or psychiatric illness or with mixed substance dependence.
      This chapter reviews the published literature, tries to point out methodological
      and conceptual problems, and suggests areas for future research.

PMID- 3704221
TI  - Disorders of the serum electrolytes, acid-base balance, and renal function in
      alcoholism.
AB  - This chapter reviews the disturbances of the serum sodium and potassium
      concentrations, acid-base imbalances, and acute renal dysfunction that are seen
      frequently in alcoholic patients. The hyponatremia common in decompensated
      cirrhotics is caused by an impairment of renal free water clearance and
      concomitant water ingestion. Excessive proximal renal tubular sodium reabsorption
      and nonosmotic vasopressin release underlie the defect in renal water excretion
      in cirrhosis. Restriction of water intake is the principal therapeutic measure
      for hyponatremia. Hypokalemia is common in alcoholics but when observed does not
      always represent true potassium depletion. Although most cirrhotics have a
      diminished total body potassium content, intracellular potassium concentration is
      usually normal. In some patients gastrointestinal and renal potassium losses and
      nutritional potassium deficiency may cause true potassium depletion. Respiratory
      and metabolic alkalosis are the acid-base disturbances seen most frequently in
      alcoholics. Acidosis is relatively uncommon and is usually due to renal
      insufficiency, lactic acid or keto-acid accumulation. Toxin ingestion (methanol,
      ethylene glycol, or isopropanol) may also cause severe acidosis. Rhabdomyolysis,
      common in severe alcoholism, may produce various electrolyte disturbances and
      acute renal failure. The prognosis for recovery is good although temporary
      dialysis may be necessary.

PMID- 3704222
TI  - Urinary tract infections and renal papillary necrosis in alcoholism.
AB  - An enhanced frequency and morbidity of urinary tract infections (UTI) have been
      observed in association with alcoholism and liver disease. The causes of these
      phenomena may relate, in part, to the defects in humoral and cellular immune
      mechanisms that occur in alcoholism. Urinary catheterization is the most common
      cause of UTI in hospitalized alcoholics. The severity of the sequelae of UTI in
      alcoholism is demonstrated by the unusually frequent occurrence of renal
      papillary necrosis (RPN) in conjunction with pyelonephritis in these patients.
      Indeed, in over 90% of the reported cases of RPN occurring with alcoholism or
      liver disease, pyelonephritis has been a contributing factor. The proclivity to
      medullary ischemia and RPN in this patient group may be, at least in part, a
      result of interstitial renal edema secondary both to infection and the effect of
      ethanol per se and to renal arterial vasoconstriction that occurs in cirrhosis.
      The frequency with which death due to sepsis or renal failure occurs in
      association with UTI in alcoholics obliges the physician to exercise caution in
      the prevention and treatment of UTI in these patients.

PMID- 3704224
TI  - [Ethical considerations on biomedical research].

PMID- 3704223
TI  - Treating multiple substance abuse clients.
AB  - The traditional separation of alcohol-dependent from drug-dependent persons no
      longer accords with contemporary patterns of substance abuse, especially for
      people below the age of 40. In ever-increasing numbers, the pattern of abuse is
      one of multiple substance abuse (MSA). Overwhelmingly, MSA involves the
      sequential or concurrent abuse of alcohol and one or more other drugs. Treatment
      centers need to be cognizant of this development, especially in taking accurate
      substance abuse histories and providing effective inpatient and aftercare
      services. A generic perspective of etiology, defenses, and treatment is provided,
      as well as a discussion of three varieties of combined treatment (conscious,
      overt; conscious, covert; and unconscious). Specific treatment interventions are
      suggested, as well as strategies for staffing and staff training. Finally, the
      need to provide a suitable therapeutic and living environment for the
      heterogeneity of clients likely to present with MSA is stressed.

PMID- 3704225
TI  - [Natural history and course of neuropathy. Diabetic autonomy].

PMID- 3704226
TI  - [Delay in the detection and treatment of cases of tuberculosis].

PMID- 3704227
TI  - [Late post-traumatic intracerebral hematomas].

PMID- 3704228
TI  - [Correlation of muscle enzymes with gammagraphy of the myocardium and legs in
      marathon runners].

PMID- 3704229
TI  - [Auditing the consumption of antimicrobials in a general hospital].

PMID- 3704230
TI  - [Merkel's tumor].

PMID- 3704231
TI  - [Acute alithiasic cholecystitis in Kawasaki's syndrome].

PMID- 3704232
TI  - [Cooperation between oncogenes and multisequential carcinogenesis].

PMID- 3704233
TI  - [Atrial tumor].

PMID- 3704234
TI  - [Essential thrombocythemia].

PMID- 3704235
TI  - [Primary abscess of the psoas muscle: apropos of a case].

PMID- 3704236
TI  - [Acute toxic encephalopathy in an adult].

PMID- 3704237
TI  - [Brucellosis, reversible pancytopenia and erythrophagocytosis].

PMID- 3704238
TI  - [Anesthesia in the pig for different types of experimental surgery. Incidence of
      malignant hyperthermia].

PMID- 3704239
TI  - [Preoperative anesthetic evaluation in coronary surgery].

PMID- 3704240
TI  - [Hemorrhage in postoperative resuscitation in congenital cardiopathies under
      extracorporeal circulation].

PMID- 3704241
TI  - [Postoperative analgesia with methadone].

PMID- 3704242
TI  - [Echocardiographic evaluation of various intravenous anesthetic agents].

PMID- 3704243
TI  - [Hyponatremia and coma after transurethral resection of the prostate].

PMID- 3704244
TI  - [Agranulocytosis caused by dipyrone. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 3704245
TI  - [Drug therapy. Protocol].

PMID- 3704246
TI  - [Sepsis caused by a central venous catheter. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 3704247
TI  - [Electroretinogram and chronic poisoning by synthetic antimalarials].
AB  - Electroretinograms (ERG) obtained before and during chloroquine therapy have been
      compared. The results showed an increase in the amplitude of A, X and B waves.
      These results are in contradiction with those of other authors having reported
      that A and/or B waves decreased in cases of lesions of the retina due to the
      chloroquine. Such discrepancies may be due to the fact that ERG were recorded at
      different stages of impregnation of the retina by the chloroquine, and perhaps,
      because of a specific and early impregnation of the ganglion cells. It seems
      absolutely necessary to record the ERGs regularly in order to detect when the
      waves begin to decrease, since this may be the threshold of a real intoxication.

PMID- 3704248
TI  - [Topographic aspects of visual evoked potentials recorded after flash-pattern
      stimulation in normal subjects].
AB  - Visual evoked responses have been recorded on 14 leads placed on the scalp. They
      were localised on the central, parietal, temporal and occipital regions. The
      common reference was linked-ears. The stimulus consisted of a flash pattern. The
      size of the pattern and of each square was respectively of 20 degrees and 30 min.
      The stimulation of the total visual field had evoked two families of curves. One
      of these types of curves was posterior (occipital, temporal and parietal) and
      consisted in a positive, negative, positive wave (100, 136, 200 msec on average)
      and the second type was localised on the central leads and much more rhythmic
      than the posterior response. The initial complex (negative, positive, negative,
      positive: 70, 92, 120, 178 msec) was followed by a slow after-discharge. The half
      field stimulation evoked a P100 component on the contralateral posterior leads,
      but this P100 was less prominent on the ipsilateral posterior leads. The
      modifications were particularly evident at the level of the temporal posterior
      electrodes. This P100 component was the only wave to be modified by half-field
      visual stimulation. The posterior N136 and P200 wave and all the rhythmic central
      response were exactly the same with half or total visual field stimulation. The
      results have obviously shown that the different waves of the visual evoked
      responses are not coming from the same sources. The interpretation of
      multichannel evoked recordings was therefore very difficult.

PMID- 3704249
TI  - [Contingent negative variation and late components of evoked potentials during
      sleep in man].
AB  - The aim of this research was to study brain information processing during waking,
      deep slow sleep (stage IV) and paradoxical sleep (stage V) in humans, by using as
      a clue endogenous components of the sensory evoked potential, the emitted
      potential and the contingent negative variation (CNV). Eight subjects underwent
      three kinds of mixed auditory stimulus couples: (a) SI-SII: 2 identical clicks
      (50 msec, 5000 Hz); (b) SI-SIII: SIII (50 msec, 500 Hz) different from SI, was
      during waking, the target stimulus; (c) SI followed by an omitted click. During
      sleeping, the situation was used without motor response. The contingent negative
      variation was clearly observed during waking and paradoxical sleep as the evoked
      potential whose morphology during deep slow sleep was similar to K complexes. The
      emitted potential was obtained in four subjects out of seven during paradoxical
      sleep. These results suggest that during wakefulness, the discrimination of an
      unconditional stimulus involves a conditioning establishment revealed by the CNV
      and the emitted potential. The fact that the emitted potential and CNV were
      unavailable during stage IV is an argument in favor of the hypothesis that the
      conditioning effects disappear during deep slow sleep. The occurrence of CNV and
      emitted potential during the paradoxical stage of sleep, suggests that a
      conditioning established during waking can appear during this stage of sleep.

PMID- 3704250
TI  - [Digital vibration syndrome: neuro-physiologic study in 17 patients].
AB  - Studies were carried out on 17 male workers with clinical vibration disease who
      had been working with different vibrating tools (compressed-air hammers, chain
      saws, rock drills, grinders) for 2 to 39 years. Their neurophysiological results
      were compared with those of 20 healthy men (control group). Median motor nerve
      conduction velocity (NCV) between elbow and wrist was significantly reduced and
      motor distal latency (DL) significantly longer in 43% cases. A distinct decrease
      of the conduction velocity of distal (finger-wrist) median sensory fibers (in 56%
      of cases) as well as reduced amplitude of the sensory evoked potential (62% of
      cases) were found. EMG showed alterations only in patients with NCV
      abnormalities. These electrophysiological findings point to distal axonal as well
      as to demyelination damage. The results, which are discussed in relation to
      previously published work in this field and according to a pathogenetic
      hypothesis of this syndrome, allowed us to draw practical conclusions for the
      neurophysiological examination of patients with vibration disease.

PMID- 3704251
TI  - [Status epilepticus in the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome].
AB  - Thirty patients with the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome presenting one or more status
      epilepticus (the first before age 15) were studied. Triggering factors,
      semiology, duration, severity and EEG features were considered. A comparison was
      made between this group of patients and another group having the Lennox-Gastaut
      syndrome but without status. No significant difference appears in the long-term
      prognosis, even when status were prolonged. Only three patients died during a
      status. For this reason the authors recommend prudence and avoidance of very
      strong treatment. In their experience, intravenous diazepines, intravenous
      phenytoin and intramuscular ACTH were the most effective drugs.

PMID- 3704252
TI  - [Clinical amyotrophic lateral sclerosis syndromes in gammapathies: clinical,
      electrophysiologic and histoimmunologic aspects].
AB  - Eleven patients with motor neuron disease associated with a monoclonal gammopathy
      were studied. One patient had a previously known multiple myeloma. In the other
      patients neurological symptoms preceded diagnosis of the gammopathy by one month
      to 8 years. They were 5 multiple myeloma, 1 macroglobulinemia, 1 chronic
      lymphatic leukemia, 1 lymphoma and 3 benign monoclonal gammopathies. EMG and
      motor conduction velocities results were consistent with anterior horn cell
      disease but sensory conduction studies were abnormal in seven cases out of eight.
      Superficial peroneal nerve biopsy performed in all patients confirmed peripheral
      nerve involvement. The relations between gammopathy, clinical symptoms and
      electrophysiological data are discussed. The interest of sensory conduction
      studies in every patient with motor neuron disease is emphasized.

PMID- 3704254
TI  - [Preservation of ventricular function in patients with acute myocardial infarct
      treated with nifedipine and atenolol].

PMID- 3704253
TI  - [Reduction of the size of acute myocardial infarct with nifedipine and atenolol.
      Experimental study].

PMID- 3704256
TI  - [Non-invasive evaluation of coronary disease].

PMID- 3704255
TI  - [Electrophysiologic diagnosis of concealed accessory pathways of septal
      localization in patients with supraventricular tachycardia].

PMID- 3704257
TI  - [Prevention of primary ventricular fibrillation in the acute stage of myocardial
      infarct with lidocaine].

PMID- 3704258
TI  - [Delay of conventional ECG in showing the electrical changes in the ischemic area
      in the pig].

PMID- 3704259
TI  - [Valvular surgery of infectious endocarditis in drug addiction].

PMID- 3704260
TI  - [Surgical correction, by transtricuspid auricular approach, of limited
      infundibular pulmonary stenosis with or without interventricular communication].

PMID- 3704261
TI  - [Current status of coronary units in Spain: results of a survey of 42 units.
      Comparative evaluation with regard to the units in the European Economic
      Community].

PMID- 3704262
TI  - [Congenital intrapericardial teratoma].

PMID- 3704263
TI  - [False aneurysms of the ascending aorta post cardiac surgery].

PMID- 3704264
TI  - [Coronary fistulas with drainage to the left ventricle. Presentation of 2 cases].

PMID- 3704265
TI  - [Dysfunction of a pacemaker. Infraperception and ventricular arrhythmias].

PMID- 3704266
TI  - [Balloon counterpulsation in the pulmonary artery in a case of severe right
      ventricular dysfunction after extracorporeal circulation].

PMID- 3704267
TI  - [Morphologic aspects of the anatomy of the ileocecal sphincter].

PMID- 3704269
TI  - [Gastric schwannomas. Apropos of 5 cases of which 3 were malignant].

PMID- 3704268
TI  - [Appendiceal tumors. 25 cases. Review of the literature].

PMID- 3704270
TI  - [Proximal gastric vagotomy in duodenal ulcer. II. Study of gastric secretion].

PMID- 3704271
TI  - [Gilbert's syndrome: comparative study of fasting and rifampicin as diagnostic
      tests].

PMID- 3704272
TI  - [20 min/5 min clearance index of bromosulfophenolphthalein. A simple test of
      hepatic function].

PMID- 3704273
TI  - [Treatment of intra-abdominal infections with clindamycin and tobramycin].

PMID- 3704274
TI  - [Ventral hernia in the adult as a hospital emergency].

PMID- 3704275
TI  - [Post-traumatic ischemic colitis. Endoscopic development].

PMID- 3704276
TI  - [Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Contribution of 2 new cases with intestinal
      invagination].

PMID- 3704277
TI  - [Cystic lymphangioma of the mesenterium as a cause of acute abdomen].

PMID- 3704279
TI  - [Rectopexy with vicryl mesh in the treatment of prolapse of the rectum].

PMID- 3704278
TI  - [Acute abdomen in heroin addicts: presentation of 3 cases and review of the
      literature].

PMID- 3704280
TI  - [Spontaneous motility of the human gastrointestinal tract in vitro].

PMID- 3704281
TI  - [Massive intestinal resection. Are recirculation circuits useful? (Experimental
      study in dogs)].

PMID- 3704282
TI  - [Morpho-functional disposition of the ileocecal valve in the fetus and newborn
      infant].

PMID- 3704283
TI  - [Meckel's diverticulum: surgical experience].

PMID- 3704284
TI  - [Disorders in the involution of the vitelline duct. Experience in the last 10
      years].

PMID- 3704285
TI  - [Surgical treatment of duodenal fistulas by the Thal procedure].

PMID- 3704286
TI  - [Proximal gastric vagotomy in duodenal ulcer. III: Postoperative symptomatology,
      results and treatment of recurrence].

PMID- 3704287
TI  - [Crohn's disease. Study of 40 cases].

PMID- 3704288
TI  - [Comparison of biochemical parameters of the blood and ascitic fluid in hepatic
      cirrhosis].

PMID- 3704289
TI  - [Cholangitis and stenosis of the bile ducts in hepatic hydatidosis].

PMID- 3704290
TI  - [Digestive manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome].

PMID- 3704291
TI  - [Anorectal malignant melanoma. Presentation of 2 cases].

PMID- 3704292
TI  - [Rectal leiomyosarcoma. Hepatic metastasis].

PMID- 3704293
TI  - [Adenocarcinoma of the ileocecal appendix].

PMID- 3704294
TI  - [Localized malignant peritoneal mesothelioma].

PMID- 3704295
TI  - [Hemothorax after percutaneous hepatic biopsy puncture].

PMID- 3704296
TI  - [Diagnostic effectiveness of immunoreactive serum trypsinogen, pancreatic iso
      amylase and lipase in the diagnosis of acute pancreatic injury in hyperamylasemic
      patients].

PMID- 3704297
TI  - [Dietary elimination and food challenge test in the diagnosis of food
      intolerance].

PMID- 3704298
TI  - [Banti's syndrome. Presentation of a case and pathogenetic problems].

PMID- 3704299
TI  - [Lymphomatous development of Sjogren's syndrome].

PMID- 3704300
TI  - [Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis].

PMID- 3704301
TI  - [Gastric emptying test with paracetamol].

PMID- 3704302
TI  - [Metabolic-hormonal response to surgical intervention].

PMID- 3704303
TI  - [How much and why Italians use health services].

PMID- 3704304
TI  - Post-parturition and late lactation urine: long-term effects of exposure on mouse
      activity and sniffing behaviour.
AB  - From the time of separation from their mothers infant mice were exposed for 10
      consecutive days to urine from post-parturitional and late-lactational donor
      mice. They were then tested when adult on activity and sniffing behaviour. The
      sample of mice exposed to urine from late-lactational donors was associated with
      reduced activity when compared with mice exposed to post-parturitional urine and
      a water control sample. The long term effects of the urine on behaviour were also
      apparent in positional preferences in an open arena as judged by frequency of
      entry, and to a lesser extent, the time spent in the left and right hand
      segments. Mice exposed to late-lactational urine sniffed less than the other
      treatment samples though preferences for sniffing the urine that they had been
      exposed to in infancy were less marked. The urine did not accelerate puberty, but
      mice in the control sample had more vaginal dioestrous smears and fewer smears
      with a predominance of epithelial cells.

PMID- 3704305
TI  - Relationship between plasma glucagon disappearance and tissue uptake in rats.
AB  - The fate of plasma glucagon has been analyzed in detail by Desbuquois and Postel
      Vinay. The present work was carried out to clarify the relationships between
      plasma glucagon disappearance and its tissue uptake. For the purpose, we injected
      rats intravenously with 125I-glucagon alone or with concomitant or sequential
      injections of native glucagon. Plasma 125I-glucagon was analyzed by Biogel P10
      chromatography. Liver and kidney glucagon kinetics were studied from the point of
      view of the evolution of the total radioactivity present in each tissue a few
      minutes after glucagon injection. 125I-glucagon was rapidly cleared from the
      plasma (half-life within 2 min); it was intensively associated with liver and
      kidneys. Liver radioactivity rapidly declined within the first 5 min after
      injection, whereas kidney radioactivity increased. The concomitant injection of
      increasing amounts of native glucagon with 125I-glucagon progressively reduced
      the liver radioactivity, indicating that glucagon was trapped in a saturable
      compartment. In contrast, kidney radioactivity remained unchanged. The sequential
      injection of 125I-glucagon and excess native glucagon resulted in a shift to the
      right in the plasma 125I-glucagon decay curve which suggests that the glucagon
      excess displaced 125I-glucagon from its distribution compartment back into the
      plasma. The compartment where glucagon uptake occurred a few minutes after 125I
      glucagon injection displayed some of the fundamental properties of glucagon
      receptors, i.e. saturatibility and reversibility.

PMID- 3704306
TI  - Frequency and structure of macrophages and abnormal sperm cells in guinea fowl
      semen.
AB  - Semen from young and old guinea fowl was examined for macrophages and abnormal
      sperm cells. Large numbers of macrophages were found in the semen from both
      groups. However, there were significantly more abnormal sperm cells in the semen
      of the young males. The abnormal cells consisted of large coiled cells, bent
      spermatozoa, and round-headed cells. The predominant abnormality in the young
      males was bent sperm, although their semen also contained large round cells. The
      large round cells were identified as abnormal spermatids by electron microscopy
      and were more prominent in the older males. The abnormal spermatids were
      pleomorphic and exhibited various stages of intermediate and late spermatid
      development. The macrophages were activated cells that exhibited phagocytosis of
      large number of normal spermatozoa but were never observed to engulf abnormal
      cells. Their ultrastructure consisted of numerous lipid droplets, vesicles of
      ingested spermatozoa, lysosomal structures, residual bodies, and undigested
      remnants of spermatozoa. The presence of macrophages and abnormal spermatids in
      semen has been associated with lowered fertility in other species; thus, semen
      with exorbitant numbers of these cells should not be used for artificial
      insemination of the guinea fowl.

PMID- 3704307
TI  - [Effects of 2 anabolizing substances with estrogenic action on the urethral
      muscle of the calf. Histochemical and morphometric study].
AB  - The testing of anabolizer utilization in cattle farming needs quick, sure and
      cheap detection techniques. The administration of oestrogen to cattle produces
      hypertrophy of the prostate, bulbourethral glands and urethral muscle. The aim of
      this study was to quantify the effect of the association of zeranol (an
      hormonomimetic drug acting as an oestrogen) and trembolone (a steroidic structure
      originating from testosterone) on the urethral muscle of bull calves which is
      easy to sample in the slaughter-house. An histoenzymological and morphometric
      study of the urethral muscle of 90 bull calves that had been treated showed
      considerable hypertrophy in transversal sections of the muscle fibers that was
      increased by more than 90% in the two main types of striated muscle fiber. The
      morphological method used is proposed for monitoring the meat of untreated bull
      calves, requested by a class of consumers.

PMID- 3704308
TI  - [1st seminar on the nutrition and feeding of herbivores. Paris, 21-22 March
      1985].

PMID- 3704309
TI  - The effect of chronic ozone exposure on lung benzo(a)pyrene oxidase,
      benzphetamine demethylase and monoamine oxidase.
AB  - Adult male Fischer 344 rats were exposed either to clean air or to a mixture of
      clean air and 0.5ppm ozone for up to one year. These populations were sampled
      after three and six months and when the exposure was completed. The activity of
      several oxidative enzymes in these rat lungs were compared. Although there was no
      significant increase in the ability of pulmonary microsomes to oxidize
      benzo[alpha]pyrene after three months of exposure to ozone, this activity and the
      oxidative demethylation of benzphetamine were increased after six months and a
      year of exposure. Aside from these enzymatic changes, electrophoretic analysis
      indicated that the microsomes from ozone exposed rats were enriched with a
      protein with an apparent molecular weight of 68,000. The activity of the two
      isoenzymic forms of monoamine oxidase, MAO A and MAO B, were also measured, and
      neither activity was affected by the ozone exposure.

PMID- 3704310
TI  - Inhibitory effects of selected purine derivatives on guinea pig pulmonary
      tissues.
AB  - The inhibitory (relaxation) effects of five purine derivatives (ATP, ADP, AMP,
      Adenosine and Guanosine) on guinea pig tracheal and lung parenchymal smooth
      muscle were investigated. The tracheal spirals and parenchymal strips were
      bisected longitudinally and all twins submaximally precontracted with histamine.
      Isoproterenol was applied to one set of tracheal and parenchymal strips, and one
      of the purine derivatives to the other to produce cumulative concentration-effect
      relationships. For tracheal tissues, the isoproterenol curves did not differ
      significantly and could be pooled for comparison. Analysis of the EC50 values by
      Tukey's Studentized (HSD) test of mean isoproterenol and purine curves from
      tracheal tissue showed that isoproterenol values differed significantly from
      those of all the purines; there were no significant differences between the
      purine values. In parenchymal strips, isoproterenol values could not be pooled.
      Comparison of EC50 values for each purine derivative with its' isoproterenol
      group showed that ATP and adenosine did not cause significantly different values
      from isoproterenol, AMP did cause significant differences, and that ADP and
      guanosine could not be compared for failure to cause 50% relaxation. ATP
      responses were not significantly different from those of beta, gamma-methylene
      ATP, which only slowly degrades, suggesting that ATP has specific receptors in
      the airways of guinea pigs. In this study purines produced better relaxation in
      trachea than in parenchyma. A difference in purine receptor distribution between
      trachea and parenchyma is suggested.

PMID- 3704311
TI  - Screening for the ability of hexachlorobenzene metabolites to decrease rat liver
      porphyrinogen carboxy-lyase.
AB  - In order to examine inhibitory effects of hexachlorobenzene metabolites on the
      hepatic porphyrinogen carboxylyase activity, rat liver cytosol was incubated with
      uroporphyrinogen III and chlorinated phenols, thiophenols, thioanisoles and
      benzenes. Then, the occurrence of hepta-, hexa-, penta- and
      tetracarboxyporphyrinogen = coproporphyrinogen (measured as porphyrins) was
      determined. Inhibitory effects were exerted by tetrachlorohydroquinone,
      pentachlorophenol, pentachlorothiophenol, 1,2,3,5- and 1,2,4,5
      tetrachlorobenzene. Other compounds including hexachlorobenzene which was tested
      for comparative reasons did not impair uroporphyrinogen decarboxylation. In the
      presence of tetrachlorohydroquinone, uroporphyrinogen merely was decarboxylated
      to hepta- and hexacarboxyporphyrinogen. Under the influence of the other 4
      compounds with inhibitory effects, pentacarboxyporphyrinogen and
      coproporphyrinogen were formed additionally. Coproporphyrinogen formation was
      inhibited completely by tetrachlorohydroquinone, while pentachlorophenol
      diminished its formation by about 50% and pentachlorothiophenol, 1,2,3,5- and
      1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene by less than 10%.

PMID- 3704312
TI  - Effects of caffeine on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity and cadmium
      redistribution in mice.
AB  - When caffeine (CAF) was given ip to BDF1 mice immediately after an otherwise
      hepatotoxic dose of acetaminophen (ACM), the hepatotoxic action of ACM was
      abolished and there was no concomitant redistribution of previously-administered
      cadmium (Cd) from livers to kidneys as occurred in mice which received ACM only.
      These observations were not in accord with the recently reported enhancement of
      ACM hepatotoxicity by CAF following coadministration in rats (Toxicology 34, 95
      101, 1985). Conversely, pretreatment of mice with CAF for 3 days followed by ACM
      injection enhanced the hepatotoxicity of ACM and caused a greater mobilization of
      Cd from livers to kidneys than was found in mice given ACM alone. The ACM-CAF
      interaction in mice is thus similar to the ACM-ethanol interaction in rats
      (Gastroenterology 80, 140-148, 1981; J. Pharmacol. Exptl. Therap. 218, 805-810,
      1981). It is proposed that CAF interferes with the metabolism of ACM when
      administered concomitantly, but induces the microsomal mixed function oxidase
      system when used in a pretreatment regimen, leading to a more rapid rate of
      formation of the hepatotoxic arylating ACM biotransformation product.

PMID- 3704313
TI  - Effects of antiarrhythmic agents on isoproterenol-induced ventricular
      fibrillation in heavy rats: a possible model of sudden cardiac death.
AB  - Heavy male Sprague-Dawley rats die of ventricular fibrillation within 2 to 3 h
      after isoproterenol administration. Thus, the isoproteronol-treated heavy rat
      would be a useful model for screening drugs that may prevent sudden cardiac
      death. Isoproterenol (1 mg/kg s.c.) caused ventricular fibrillation in 79% of 121
      vehicle-pretreated heavy rats (greater than 500 g); 82% of the fibrillating rats
      died, but the remaining 18% spontaneously reverted and survived. A protecting
      agent should increase the number of survivors by reducing the incidence of
      ventricular fibrillation and/or by increasing the incidence of spontaneous
      reversions. Pretreatment (i.p.) with quinidine (40 mg/kg), procainamide (40
      mg/kg), phenytoin (40 mg/kg), clofilium (5 mg/kg), verapamil (10 mg/kg), or
      propranolol (10 mg/kg) reduced the incidence of isoproterenol-induced ventricular
      fibrillation and death; bretylium (10 mg/kg) and nicotinic acid (100 mg/kg) had
      no effect. A lower dose of propranolol (2.5 mg/kg) or clofilium (1.5 mg/kg) but
      not quinidine (10 mg/kg), procainamide (10 mg/kg), or phenytoin (10 mg/kg) also
      reduced the incidence of ventricular fibrillation. Only clofilium tended to
      increase the incidence of spontaneous reversions.

PMID- 3704314
TI  - The molecular features of verapamil that promote myocardial enzyme leakage.
AB  - The effects of verapamil (Vp) and four Vp derivatives on myocardial enzyme
      leakage were compared. Norverapamil (N-demethylated; D591) and acyano-Vp (the
      nitrile-substituted H-derivative; Sz65) produced leakage comparable to and
      greater than that of verapamil, respectively. In contrast, the derivative with
      hydroxyl substitution of all four methoxy groups (D573) and the quaternary amine
      salt derivative (D575) were inert. These data indicate that both lipid solubility
      and an ionizable amine were critical to the membrane disruptive effect of
      verpamil.

PMID- 3704315
TI  - Exchangeability of heart calcium in cardiomyopathic hamsters.
AB  - Acute electrolyte depletion markedly reduced the elevated heart calcium in 60-day
      old BIO 14.6 hamsters. This exchangeability may explain the susceptibility of
      calcium to therapeutic intervention at 60 days. At 120 days, the procedure did
      not alter heart calcium concentration.

PMID- 3704316
TI  - Delay of nomifensine-induced seizures by fusaric acid, alpha-methyltyrosine and
      haloperidol.
AB  - An In Vivo model is presented to determine the effects of alpha methyl-para
      tyrosine methyl ester (MPT), fusaric acid (FA), and haloperidol on nomifensine
      induced seizures. All three drugs were active with haloperidol having the
      greatest effect on delay of onset to convulsion. The results suggest that both
      dopamine and norepinephrine are involved in nomifensive-induced convulsions and
      that administering agents known to lower both dopamine and/or norepinepherine in
      the rat brain delays onset but that haloperidol, which specifically blocks post
      synaptic dopamine receptors, had the greatest activity.

PMID- 3704317
TI  - Renal biopsy in the normal cat: examination of the effects of repeated needle
      biopsy.
AB  - Three healthy cats were subjected to percutaneous renal biopsy of the left kidney
      on three occasions at monthly intervals. Three other cats were subjected to three
      consecutive biopsy attempts on one occasion using the left kidney. Thereafter the
      six cats were monitored clinically and by means of laboratory analyses of blood
      and urine until euthanasia four weeks after the last biopsy. Cautious insertion
      of the biopsy needle in an attempt to avoid over penetration of the kidney
      resulted in failure to obtain renal tissue on six occasions but in all 12
      specimens which did contain renal tissue, glomeruli were present. Major blood
      vessels were present in two biopsy specimens. At necropsy, radiographic and
      histological studies demonstrated renal parenchymal and vascular changes in the
      biopsied kidneys which were similar to but less severe than those produced by a
      single biopsy attempt. This confirmed that avoidance of damage to major renal
      vessels is important and suggested that, with care, repeated biopsies need be no
      more harmful to the kidney than a single biopsy.

PMID- 3704318
TI  - Immediate type hypersensitivity in dogs induced by storage mites.
AB  - Results of intradermal skin tests on 53 dogs, employing storage mite extracts as
      antigen, indicated that storage mite allergy is fairly common. Only four of 29
      dogs exhibiting no allergic symptoms showed skin reactions to the most common
      storage mite, Acarus siro, whereas 18 out of 24 dogs with symptoms assumed to be
      associated with allergy showed such reactions. The passive cutaneous transfer
      test revealed that an immediate type hypersensitivity reaction was involved.

PMID- 3704319
TI  - Comparison of single strains of four serotypes of Pasteurella haemolytica biotype
      A in experimental pneumonia of sheep.
AB  - Single strains of serotypes A1, A2, A7 and A9 of Pasteurella haemolytica were
      separately used in combination with Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae to reproduce
      pneumonia. Macroscopically and microscopically the pneumonias associated with
      individual serotypes were similar and it is concluded that serotypes of P
      haemolytica isolated with low frequency in field disease may be equally virulent
      to common serotypes.

PMID- 3704320
TI  - Eimeria tenella: stability of resistance to halofuginone, decoquinate and
      arprinocid in the chicken.
AB  - The stability of experimentally induced resistance to halofuginone, decoquinate
      or arprinocid in lines of Eimeria tenella, was examined after 10 passages in
      unmedicated chickens. There was no loss of resistance to halofuginone or
      decoquinate. Resistance to arprinocid was unaffected in a line developed in the
      presence of 150 ppm of the drug but was unstable in a line developed with 60 ppm.

PMID- 3704321
TI  - Alterations in piglet small intestinal structure at weaning.
AB  - The small intestinal mucosa of 112 piglets aged between 21 and 32 days was
      examined to identify the effects on its structure of weaning and of consumption
      of creep food. In unweaned control pigs a gradual increase in crypt depth
      occurred with age, while villus height altered little. In contrast, weaned pigs
      showed a highly significant increase in crypt depth and an increase in the
      complexity of villus morphology with a dramatic reduction in villus height.
      Crypts elongated most in the distal small intestine, while the loss of villus
      height was greatest proximally. No inflammatory reaction was seen and the
      alterations were not influenced by consumption of creep food before weaning. This
      failed to support the hypothesis that hypersensitivity to dietary antigens is
      involved in the aetiology of such intestinal changes. The reduction in small
      intestinal absorptive area and the appearance of a less mature enterocyte
      population help to explain the increased susceptibility of the pig to diarrhoea
      and growth checks in the post-weaning period.

PMID- 3704322
TI  - Effect of cool storage of faecal samples containing Haemonchus contortus eggs on
      the results of an in vitro egg development assay to test anthelmintic resistance.
AB  - An in vitro egg development assay was used to test the resistance of eggs from a
      benzimidazole susceptible and a resistant strain of Haemonchus contortus to four
      benzimidazoles. Storage of eggs contained in faecal samples at 4 degrees C for
      four, 24 or 72 hours did not appear to impair the results from the in vitro egg
      development assay or alter the LD50. Storage for one week, however, proved to be
      lethal for the eggs. The average LD50 values for thiabendazole, albendazole,
      mebendazole and cambendazole were 0.06, 0.07, 0.96 and 2.47 ppm for the
      susceptible strain. For the resistant strain the values averaged 0.26, 0.24, 1.07
      and 5.11 ppm.

PMID- 3704323
TI  - Propetamphos pour-on formulation for the control of lice on sheep: effect of lice
      on weight gain and wool production.
AB  - Infestation of sheep with the biting louse Damalinia ovis is a potentially
      serious problem which can effect the quality and quantity of wool produced and
      may reduce weight gains. In this trial treated sheep produced 34 per cent more
      wool than louse-infested controls and the wool from the treated sheep was of a
      better quality. The mean liveweight gain in the treated groups was 18 per cent
      more than that in the untreated group. Treatment with a pour-on formulation of
      propetamphos at 25 to 50 mg kg-1 gave more than 99 per cent control of lice and
      protected against reinfestation for four months.

PMID- 3704324
TI  - Passage of lanthanum through the intercellular spaces of the sebaceous gland.
AB  - Lanthanum introduced intradermally into cattle, sheep, goats, ponies and rats
      penetrated into the sebum through the intercellular spaces of the sebaceous
      gland. It is concluded that the sebaceous gland is permeable to the passage of
      small molecules outwards and probably in some circumstances inwards. Since the
      constituents of sebum are not all produced by necrosis it is likely that the
      sebaceous gland is not a simple holocrine gland.

PMID- 3704325
TI  - Specific antibody in the equine genital tract following local immunisation and
      challenge infection with contagious equine metritis organism (Taylorella
      equigenitalis).
AB  - Antibody in serum, uterine and vaginal secretions was measured following local
      immunisation and experimental infection with the organism of contagious equine
      metritis (Taylorella equigenitalis). Intrauterine immunisation with killed T
      equigenitalis stimulated a systemic IgG titre and a uterine IgA and IgM response.
      Subsequent challenge with the organism, however, resulted in a characteristic
      metritis in both control and vaccinated mares. Antibody in serum and secretions
      was increased following challenge infection, dwarfing the response to
      immunisation. The local response was restricted to the IgA and IgM classes in
      both uterine and vaginal secretions. There was no elevation in local IgG
      antibody, although there was an increase in serum IgG in response to challenge
      infection. A second experimental challenge, following natural resolution of the
      initial infection and a period of reimmunisation, resulted in reduced clinical
      signs and bacterial isolation rates from both control and vaccinated mares, but
      no absolute protection from infection.

PMID- 3704326
TI  - Ovine enzootic abortion: experimental studies of immune responses.
AB  - Eight pregnant and four non-pregnant ewes were exposed to experimental oral
      infection with the chlamydial agent of ovine enzootic abortion. Four non-pregnant
      ewes received a sham inoculum. Immune responses were investigated using a
      complement fixation test (CFT), a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin test
      and a lymphocyte transformation assay (LTA). When these responses were correlated
      with clinical observations it was concluded that fetopathy occurred in those ewes
      which failed to mount or mounted only weak DTH responses. High antibody titres
      were not an indication of protective immunity; in pregnant animals there was
      evidence of an inverse correlation between DTH and humoral responses as detected
      by the CFT. In the LTAs, chlamydia specific blastogenesis was recorded in all
      infected sheep but there was little correlation with clinical findings.

PMID- 3704327
TI  - Metabolism and growth in housed calves given a morantel sustained release bolus
      and exposed to natural trichostrongyle infection.
AB  - Three groups of calves, previously grazed on permanent pastures contaminated with
      bovine trichostrongyle (Ostertagia and Cooperia species) infective larvae, were
      housed from October to May. During the grazing season one group had received
      fenbendazole at fortnightly intervals to suppress trichostrongyle infections, one
      received a morantel sustained release bolus before grazing to limit
      trichostrongyle contamination of the pasture, and the control group was only
      medicated when heavy infections caused clinical type 1 ostertagiasis.
      Digestibility of the whole diet was poorer in the control cattle, particularly
      for dry matter, crude protein and energy fractions. Balance studies conducted
      throughout the winter housed period showed that both increased faecal and urinary
      nitrogen outputs in the control animals contributed to a significantly reduced
      overall nitrogen retention. The effects were most apparent during clinical type 2
      ostertagiasis, which occurred in March in the control group.

PMID- 3704328
TI  - Production, parasitological and carcase evaluation studies in steers exposed to
      trichostrongyle infection and treated with a morantel bolus or fenbendazole in
      two consecutive grazing seasons.
AB  - Friesian steers were exposed to natural trichostrongyle infection and left
      untreated (controls) or treated with either a morantel sustained release bolus or
      fenbendazole at two week intervals (clean) in each of two consecutive grazing
      seasons. In the second grazing season the mean liveweight gains of the clean,
      morantel treated and control groups of cattle over 152 days were 105, 131 and 109
      kg respectively (morantel treated greater than clean, control P less than 0.02).
      The cattle were slaughtered following an indoor fattening period. The dressed
      carcase weight, killing out percentage and related carcase measurements were
      superior in the treated groups. Eighty per cent of the clean and morantel treated
      cattle graded satisfactorily and qualified for subsidy payment whereas less than
      30 per cent of the control cattle were successful. Rib joint analyses showed
      significantly lower total weight, eye muscle weight and area together with a
      higher bone content in control cattle.

PMID- 3704329
TI  - Genetic characterisation of the mithun (Bos frontalis) and studies of
      spermatogenesis, blood groups and haemoglobins of its hybrids with Bos indicus.
AB  - The mithun (Bos frontalis) and its hybrids with Bos indicus were studied to
      provide further cytogenetic information which might throw light on the mechanisms
      of the male hybrid infertility and facilitate the establishment of a stable
      crossbreed. It was shown that compared with conventional cattle the mithun has a
      homozygous, species specific 2/27 centric fusion which reduced the diploid
      chromosome number from 60 to 58. This provided further proof that Robertson
      translocation-type rearrangements have been the major source of interspecies
      karyotype differences in the evolution of the Bovidae. In the mithun there was
      also significant polymorphism between centromeres of non-homologous chromosomes
      and there was heteromorphism between several homologous chromosomes which could
      possibly serve as useful genetic markers for breeding programmes. In F1 hybrids
      spermatogenesis progressed to a relatively advanced stage, without going so far
      as to produce spermatozoa. In back crosses to B indicus spermatogenesis
      progressed further so that spermatozoa could be seen, though not as numerous as
      in normal bulls. In most hybrids there were haemoglobin bands which corresponded
      either to Hb A or Hb B of cattle but were much wider. It was shown that these
      were a combination of Hb Mi derived from the mithun and Hb A or Hb B derived from
      B indicus. In a few hybrids there were only Hb Mi. In these cases Hb Mi had been
      present in both parents and proved that the dam was not a pure siri. The possible
      mechanism of hybrid male infertility is discussed including faults in the
      epistatic gene effect between chromosomes and changes in the degree of
      association of centromeric regions in interspecies hybrids. It is suggested that
      additional cytogenetic examination of blood lymphocytes and especially of
      testicles would help the understanding of the fertility barriers of hybrid males
      and would make a breeding programme for a stable crossbreed possible.

PMID- 3704330
TI  - Effect of different methods of maintenance on the development and morphology of
      Babesia bigemina in the gut of Boophilus microplus.
AB  - The development and morphology of Babesia bigemina in the gut of Boophilus
      microplus ticks were studied during laboratory maintenance of the babesia by four
      methods: tick transmission in unsplenectomised (intact) calves; tick transmission
      in splenectomised calves; syringe passage at intervals of five days or less in
      splenectomised calves; and syringe passage at intervals of six weeks or more in
      intact calves. The first method had no apparent effect on the development of B
      bigemina in ticks compared to that of the original isolate. The other three
      methods had obvious effects, the most pronounced being increased numbers of
      babesial forms with processes, particularly during early stages of development.
      The findings emphasise the importance of maintaining laboratory strains of
      parasites by natural means in life cycle studies.

PMID- 3704331
TI  - Stability of prothrombin times in sheep dosed with natural and synthetic
      anticoagulants.
AB  - Sheep were dosed with natural and synthetic anticoagulants to prolong prothrombin
      time (PT) in the one stage PT test. The stability of subsequent values of PT of
      up to 40 seconds was measured at various times over a 24 hour period in plasma
      and whole blood stored at 0, 20 and 30 degrees C, representing ideal to
      unsuitable conditions of sample preparation and storage. In contrast to cautions
      in the literature, the various treatments had little influence on PT. These
      findings should encourage the use of PT in field diagnosis and research in sheep
      by surmounting the tenet of the difficulty in effectively preserving blood
      samples for PT determinations.

PMID- 3704332
TI  - Electrophysiological evaluation of traumatic forelimb paralysis of the dog.
AB  - The results of clinical neurological, electromyographic and electroneurographic
      examinations in 26 dogs with traumatic forelimb paralysis are presented. The
      results of neurological examination varied considerably among the cases.
      Electromyographic evidence of denervation in the epaxial muscles was observed in
      22 dogs. A post ganglionic dorsal root lesion was diagnosed in 14 cases by the
      presence of an evoked sensory nerve action potential in association with loss of
      conscious pain perception in the appropriate area. Motor nerve studies in the
      ulnar nerve were not helpful in discriminating root lesions from spinal nerve
      involvement. It was concluded that electromyographic examination of the
      ipsilateral epaxial muscles under general anaesthesia is essential for the
      detection of root involvement. Sensory conduction studies in the radial nerve are
      indicated if conscious pain perception is absent in the fifth digit. Motor and
      sensory conduction studies of the ulnar nerve system seldom provide additional
      diagnostic information seldom provide additional diagnostic information. The
      absence of electrophysiological signs of root involvement does not exclude a post
      ganglionic dorsal root lesion.

PMID- 3704333
TI  - Pig slaughtering procedures: time to loss of brain responsiveness after
      exsanguination of cardiac arrest.
AB  - The time taken for a conventional chest stick to produce the loss of flash-evoked
      responsiveness in the electrocorticogram of anaesthetised pigs was compared with
      a method involving fibrillation of the heart. On average severing the
      brachiocephalic trunk and anterior vena cava took 18 seconds to induce a loss of
      brain responsiveness, and inducing cardiac fibrillation took 19 seconds. It is
      concluded that a pig slaughtering method that stuns the brain and at the same
      time fibrillates the heart is likely to be more humane than the conventional
      slaughtering methods where there is a delay between the stunning and sticking
      operations.

PMID- 3704334
TI  - Simple technique for examining lymphocyte blastogenesis in whole blood cultures
      for neonatal calves.
AB  - A method for examining lymphocyte blastogenesis in whole blood cultures of
      neonatal calves is presented. Considerable variation in magnitude of thymidine
      incorporation was noted between animals but the general trend of response was
      uniform. Maximum responses occurred at different culture times for each mitogen.
      In a standard 0.2 ml micro culture system using 10,000 mononuclear cells per
      culture incubated for 96 hours in 5 per cent fetal bovine serum maximum mitogenic
      responses were obtained with 0.8 microgram phytohaemagglutinin per culture, 1
      microgram concanavalin A per culture and 0.08 microgram pokeweed mitogen per
      culture.

PMID- 3704335
TI  - Effects of posture and intraruminal pressure on the bronchial calibre of cattle
      during xylazine/halothane anaesthesia.
AB  - The effects of changes in body position and intraruminal pressure on the
      bronchial calibre of anaesthetised, paralysed adult cattle were investigated
      using a computer-aided forced airflow oscillation technique which enabled the
      measurement of specific lower airways conductance (sGlaw), expiratory reserve
      volume (ERV) and residual resistance (RA). sGlaw and RA were highest in dorsal
      and lowest in sternal recumbency, but ERV was very much greater in sternal
      recumbency than in other positions. Turning the animals from right to left
      lateral recumbency resulted in a marked reduction in sGlaw and increase in ERV,
      providing further evidence of functional impairment of the dependent areas of the
      lungs of large animals. Changes in intraruminal pressure had little effect on
      bronchial calibre, suggesting that the respiratory dysfunction resulting from
      ruminal tympany is primarily caused by a reduction in compliance rather than an
      increase in airway resistance.

PMID- 3704336
TI  - Induction of relative growth changes in the musculoskeletal system of the sheep
      by limb immobilisation.
AB  - The function of the limbs of the sheep was modified to study growth changes in
      the musculoskeletal system. Seven lambs treated with one hindlimb bound to the
      body, with the hip fully flexed and the stifle and hock fully extended, were
      reared from the day after birth to about three months old, together with two
      untreated controls. The effects of this functional alteration were measured by
      dissecting and weighing components of the whole carcase, by histometry and
      electron microscopy of the semitendinosus muscles, and by measurements and ashing
      of the femurs and tibias. With the particular exception of the hip bone and the
      muscles extending the hip on the bound side, muscles and bones tended to be
      heavier on the contralateral side in the hindlimb and on the ipsilateral side in
      the forelimb. The semitendinosus muscle of the bound limb weighed nearly twice as
      much as that of the controls. The increase in mass was due to a proportionate
      enlargement of all the muscle components studied. There was, however, a
      significant increase in the number of myosine adenosine triphosphatase low
      reacting fibres, as a percentage of the regional fibre population, in the deeper
      part of the muscle. It was concluded that the enlargement of the semitendinosus
      muscle was due to stretch and that the histochemical changes were due to chronic
      nervous stimulation.

PMID- 3704337
TI  - Electroneurographic examination of the ulnar and radial nerves in the dog:
      reference values, biological variation and reproducibility.
AB  - The radial and ulnar nerves were examined electrophysiologically in 90 normal
      dogs. In 66 of these dogs, aged between one and eight years, the reference values
      were established for 27 variables. Multicomponent sensory nerve action potentials
      were encountered at the proximal recording site in the ulnar nerve in 68 per cent
      of the dogs in the reference group and in the radial nerve in 26 per cent.
      Differences between the sexes were not significant, nor were differences between
      two breeds of similar body size. There were no significant age related
      differences between the ages of one and eight years. Limb length, measured as the
      distance between sensory stimulation site (digits) and proximal recording site
      (elbow), was found to have a significant effect on the velocity, amplitude,
      number of positive peaks and duration of the nerve action potentials. The
      variation in results of repeated measurements of velocities ranged from 0 to 11
      per cent. The relative error in velocities due to errors in measurement of
      distance and latency ranged from 1 to 12 per cent.

PMID- 3704338
TI  - Distribution of iron and copper in the liver and spleen of veal calves in
      relation to the concentration of iron in the diet.
AB  - The distribution of iron and copper in the liver and spleen of veal calves was
      determined in a group of calves fattened with a commercial milk replacer
      supplemented with 5 ppm iron and in a control group fed the unsupplemented milk
      replacer. No marked variations were detected in the distribution of iron and
      copper. A liver biopsy is therefore likely to be a representative sample of the
      whole liver with respect to iron and copper concentration.

PMID- 3704339
TI  - Effect of biotin supplementation of a barley-wheat diet on restoration of healthy
      feet, legs and skin of biotin deficient sows.
AB  - Sixteen sows with induced biotin deficiency were divided into groups of four and
      fed an egg-white-free barley-wheat based diet without added biotin (control) or
      supplemented with one of three levels of synthetic d-biotin (100, 200 or 400
      micrograms kg-1) for two parities in order to determine the optimal level
      required to reverse symptoms of the deficiency and to evaluate the relationship
      among dietary biotin levels, stage of recovery and serum biotin concentrations.
      Biotin supplementation significantly reduced (P less than 0.05) the incidence of
      lesions (on the foot pads, above the dew claws and on the skin) and also dry
      skin, but had no effect (P greater than 0.05) on hoof cracks, hair score or hair
      density. Time after supplementation had significant effects on reversal of most
      biotin deficiency symptoms. Interactions between biotin supplementation and time
      after supplementation suggested that these symptoms were reversed more quickly
      when higher levels of biotin were fed. Serum biotin concentrations of biotin
      supplemented sows were increased with time and exceeded 600 ng litre-1 after 0.5,
      1.0 and 1.5 months following biotin supplementation of the basal diet with 400,
      200 and 100 micrograms kg-1. In contrast, serum biotin concentrations of the
      control sows remained low and peaked at 411 ng litre-1 after 2.5 months. The data
      suggested that supplementation of a barley-wheat diet to provide 147 to 217
      micrograms available biotin kg-1 might be adequate to restore healthy feet, legs
      and skin and concurrently maintain high serum biotin concentrations.

PMID- 3704340
TI  - Aetiology of food-related oral lesions in chickens.
AB  - Brown Leghorn chickens fed on a mash diet developed ulcerated oral lesions with
      extensive epithelial erosion and large colonies of bacteria. Some birds had
      lesions by six weeks old and by 30 weeks oral lesions were present in all birds
      fed on a mash diet. These lesions occur infrequently in birds fed a pelleted diet
      and the relatively extensive lesions shown by birds on a mash diet heal quickly
      (in many cases within two weeks) when the birds are transferred to a pelleted
      diet. The cause of the lesion is unknown but there was no evidence for food
      impaction, mechanical damage to the epithelium, specific dietary constituents or
      blocked salivary ducts. The lesions may be due to poor oral hygiene which results
      from the lack of mechanical stimulation of the oral epithelium to which fine
      particles of mash adhere.

PMID- 3704341
TI  - Seasonal variations in haematological data from Mediterranean tortoises (Testudo
      graeca and Testudo hermanni) in captivity.
AB  - Reference values for a variety of haematological parameters in 18 Mediterranean
      tortoises of two species (Testudo graeca and Testudo hermanni) were determined on
      six occasions during the year. Statistically significant seasonal variations were
      demonstrated in all parameters.

PMID- 3704342
TI  - Vascular pattern of the developing proximal femur in the domestic fowl.
AB  - The vascular pattern of the proximal femur and its importance in the aetiology of
      coxofemoral conditions has been established in many species, including man. In
      the avian femur, vascular lesions have been associated with pathological
      conditions. Ninety-six laying strain chicks were reared from day-old until 20
      weeks. Birds were killed throughout the growth period and specimens were prepared
      for study. The origin and nature of epiphyseal vascular canals was established.
      Three principal stages of development occurred, namely growth plate formation,
      the growth period and the cessation of growth. Transphyseal vessels are described
      in the day-old chick to which a nutritive function is ascribed. Anastomosis did
      not occur between epiphyseal vascular canals. The epiphyseal vascular canals are
      grouped according to their source.

PMID- 3704343
TI  - Effect of concurrent infection with Ostertagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus
      vitrinus on the performance of lambs.
AB  - The interaction between Ostertagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus vitrinus was
      investigated in lambs continuously infected over 12 weeks. Four groups of seven
      lambs were given either zero, 1000 T vitrinus larvae per day, 2500 O circumcincta
      larvae per day or infected concurrently. Overall liveweight gain was reduced by
      17, 20 and 30 per cent in T vitrinus, O circumcincta and concurrent infection,
      respectively. T vitrinus infection significantly lowered serum phosphorus
      concentrations by week 4. In the concurrent infection the decline in phosphorus
      concentration was more gradual and only differed significantly from the controls
      during the final four weeks of the trial. There were no significant differences
      between the total numbers of T vitrinus or O circumcincta recovered from single
      or combined infections. The lack of an additive effect on performance may be due
      to a delayed establishment of T vitrinus in the presence of O circumcincta.

PMID- 3704344
TI  - Renal biopsy in the normal cat: development of a modified disposable biopsy
      needle.
AB  - A disposable biopsy needle was modified to reduce the length of the obturator tip
      and specimen notch. The modified needle was then used to take renal biopsy
      specimens at four sites from each kidney in four cats. Twenty-nine samples of
      renal tissue were obtained and the average numbers of glomeruli per specimen
      length compared favourably with similar studies using the standard needle.

PMID- 3704345
TI  - Differences in blood supply to the cerebral cortex between sheep and calves
      during slaughter.
AB  - Using methylene blue boli, injected via an intracardiac catheter, the blood
      supply to the brain in two one- to 10-day-old calves and three adult sheep was
      studied during and after severance of the common carotid arteries and jugular
      veins. Passage of dye through cerebral vessels could not be observed in the
      exposed cerebrum of sheep after bilateral severance of major blood vessels. When
      vessels were severed on one side only, the passage of dye was noted for at least
      53 seconds. In calves, after bilateral severance, sequential boli of dye could be
      detected passing through the cerebral vessels for more than 100 seconds. These
      results provide an explanation and support for the belief that there are major
      differences in the onset of insensibility between sheep and calves subsequent to
      severance of the common carotid arteries and jugular veins. The differences in
      blood supply to the brain which were demonstrated could be accounted for by
      differences in the blood supply to the brain by the vertebral artery in sheep and
      cattle. The effects of slaughter on the blood supply to the eye are discussed as
      a possible explanation of the disparity between results of studies in this
      general field which have used retinal responses in their investigations and those
      which have not.

PMID- 3704346
TI  - Effect of induced hypomagnesaemia on the toxicity of imidocarb in calves.
AB  - The hypothesis that the toxic effects of imidocarb mediated by reduced
      cholinesterase activity might be intensified by hypomagnesaemia was tested in
      calves. Hypomagnesaemia was induced in 12 males (50 kg) using an artificial milk
      based on a commercial nondairy coffee creamer. Although plasma magnesium levels
      reached 0.33 mmol litre-1 in two weeks no clinical signs were detected. In 12
      control calves a daily magnesium supplement of 0.6 g was inadequate although the
      published requirement is 0.45 g; it was raised to 1.2 g to keep plasma magnesium
      normal. Lighter calves developed hypomagnesaemia more readily and fast-growing
      calves had lower plasma urea concentrations. Plasma calcium, but not plasma
      magnesium, showed significant positive correlation with plasma albumin. The only
      statistically significant effects of hypomagnesaemia were slight elevations of
      white cell count and plasma sodium. The hypomagnesaemic and normomagnesaemic
      calves were divided into two equal groups and treated with 3.3 mg kg-1 of
      imidocarb dipropionate or a placebo. The drug produced the expected clinical
      signs of mild toxicity and depression of cholinesterase but no other adverse
      effects. Transient slight depressions of plasma calcium and potassium
      concentration, a transient rise of plasma sodium and elevation of creatine kinase
      occurred. None of the effects of imidocarb treatment was intensified by
      hypomagnesaemia except, perhaps, constriction of the pupils; generally,
      hypomagnesaemic animals were affected less.

PMID- 3704347
TI  - A morphometric study of the bovine renal glomerulus.
AB  - A morphometric study of 30 glomeruli from perfusion fixed kidneys of each of four
      cattle revealed that the mesangial area occupied 23.1 per cent of glomerular area
      in two neonatal calves and 15.3 per cent in two 18-month-old bulls. This is a
      greater proportion than has been described in most species and bears out the
      subjective impression that the mesangium is more extensive in this species.

PMID- 3704348
TI  - Lack of pathogenicity of haemophili of the 'minor group' taxon for the
      gnotobiotic piglet.
AB  - After intranasal instillation two freshly isolated English strains of Haemophilus
      taxon 'minor group' produced persistent infection in the tonsil but failed to
      elicit macroscopic or histological changes in the lower respiratory tract of two
      pairs of 14-day-old gnotobiotic piglets whereas a freshly isolated English strain
      of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae caused a lethal pleuropneumonia in a third pair.

PMID- 3704349
TI  - Some biochemical indices in naturally occurring fascioliasis in goats.
AB  - Some biochemical indices were assayed in goats naturally harbouring Fasciola
      gigantica infection and compared with uninfected control goats. Infected goats
      had significantly lower levels of serum glucose (47.6 +/- 1.8 mg dl-1) and
      albumin (3.1 +/- 0.1 g dl-1) and reduced albumin:globulin ratio (1.1 +/- 0.1).
      Total lipid (526.8 +/- 2.4 mg dl-1), serum glutamate dehydrogenase (15.3 +/- 0.9
      iu litre-1) and serum alkaline phosphatase (31.6 +/- 1.9 Kind's and King's unit
      dl-1) were high in infected goats. No significant changes could be recorded in
      serum total protein, cholesterol and phospholipids.

PMID- 3704350
TI  - Regulatory aspects of bound residues (chemistry).

PMID- 3704351
TI  - Clofazimine-induced bull's-eye retinopathy.
AB  - Bull's-eye retinopathy has multiple associations. We report a case of bull's-eye
      retinopathy presumed to be secondary to clofazimine (Lamprene) treatment of a 30
      year-old patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Pretreatment
      baseline eye exam of this patient was normal except for bilateral cotton-wool
      spots. However, follow-up exam 5 months later revealed bilateral anterior
      pigmentary corneal deposits in a whorl pattern, a presumed infectious retinitis
      in the left eye, and bilateral annular macular pigmentary abnormalities. The
      patient was taken off clofazimine treatment, but died 1 month later. The authors
      suggest that patients being treated with clofazimine be examined for drug-related
      corneal and retinal lesions.

PMID- 3704352
TI  - Atypical retinitis proliferans, retinal telangiectasis, and vitreous hemorrhage
      in a patient with tuberous sclerosis.
AB  - This report describes an unusual case of recurrent vitreous hemorrhage and
      atypical retinal neovascularization in a patient with tuberous sclerosis. During
      three years of observation, the patient also developed retinal telangiectasis
      with macular edema and lipid exudation. Although the patient did not have an
      obvious astrocytic hamartoma, a diffuse, flat retinal hamartoma within the nerve
      fiber layer was suspected.

PMID- 3704353
TI  - Ultrasonic fragmentation of cataract in uveitis.
AB  - Thirty-nine eyes with uveitis from various causes, and complicated by cataract
      and vitreous opacification, underwent pars plana lensectomy and vitrectomy by
      ultrasonic fragmentation. Anatomical results were excellent, with clearing of all
      lens and vitreous opacities in all eyes. Visual results showed that there was no
      exacerbation and no recurrence of uveitis. Visual results depended mainly on the
      presence of previous damage of the uveitis to the retina and optic nerve. Visual
      results did not depend on the presence of uveitis activity at the time of the
      surgery. Complications that occurred were cystoid macular edema, which was
      present in 17.94% of the eyes and diagnosed in some eyes at the surgery, retinal
      detachment in one eye (2.56%), sterile hypopyon in one eye (2.56%), and
      ultrasonic lesion of the retina in one eye (2.56%). Visions of 20/20 to 20/40
      were obtained in 23% of the eyes, 20.5% had vision between 20/50 and 20/80, and
      56.4% had vision of 20/100 or less. The good results justify the surgical
      intervention in cases of cataracts associated with uveitis. Pars plana lensectomy
      and vitrectomy appears to be the procedure of choice in removal of cataracts
      secondary to uveitis.

PMID- 3704354
TI  - Experimental retinal detachment in the rabbit. Penetrating ocular injury with
      retinal laceration.
AB  - Retinal detachment was studied in a rabbit model of penetrating ocular injury
      with retinal laceration. The injury was an 8 mm perforation through the sclera,
      choroid, and retina with vitreous loss and incarceration. When the injury was
      located at the equator of the globe, the rate of retinal detachment was 16%, but
      if located at the ora serrata, the rate was 78%. The higher rate of retinal
      detachment following injuries located at the ora serrata is probably due to the
      involvement of the vitreous base.

PMID- 3704355
TI  - [Pneumomediastinum--a complication during mechanical ventilation].

PMID- 3704356
TI  - [Round atelectasis].

PMID- 3704357
TI  - [Measurement of left ventricular volume from gated equilibrium radionuclide
      angiography with attenuation correction].

PMID- 3704358
TI  - [Assessment of late-diastolic mitral regurgitation associated with aortic
      regurgitation--pulsed Doppler echocardiographic study].

PMID- 3704359
TI  - [Hemodynamic evaluation of nifedipine in primary pulmonary hypertension--short
      and long term effects].

PMID- 3704360
TI  - [Left ventricular regional function and myocardial metabolic changes during
      ischemia].

PMID- 3704361
TI  - [A microscopic study of the blood flow regulation of the microcirculation in the
      rabbit tenuissimus muscle].

PMID- 3704362
TI  - [On electrocardiographic findings of pulmonary air embolism--case report and
      experimental study].

PMID- 3704363
TI  - [A case of cardioinhibitory type of carotid sinus syndrome].

PMID- 3704364
TI  - [A ten year follow-up of surgically treated discrete subvalvular aortic
      stenosis].

PMID- 3704365
TI  - [Closing volume].

PMID- 3704366
TI  - [Body plethysmography].

PMID- 3704367
TI  - [Lung mechanisms (resistance, compliance)].

PMID- 3704368
TI  - [Bronchial provocation testing].

PMID- 3704369
TI  - [Lung function study in children].

PMID- 3704370
TI  - [Measurement of regional blood flow using the electrolytic hydrogen clearance
      method. Experimental investigation on the effect of hydrogen diffusion].

PMID- 3704371
TI  - [Standard values and prediction equations for respiratory function measurements.
      Lung volume, ventilatory function and pulmonary diffusion in healthy adults].

PMID- 3704372
TI  - [Right ventricular volume characteristics and function in patients with pulmonary
      stenosis].

PMID- 3704373
TI  - [Extubation criteria after weaning from postoperative mechanical ventilation].

PMID- 3704374
TI  - [Electrophysiologic and hemodynamic effects of diltiazem].

PMID- 3704375
TI  - [Mexiletine in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias].

PMID- 3704376
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of photo-plethysmographic measurement of the viscoelastic
      property of human digital arteries].

PMID- 3704377
TI  - [A case of variant angina with sleep apnea syndrome].

PMID- 3704378
TI  - Mitochondrial distribution in relation to changes in muscle metabolism in rat
      soleus.
AB  - Rats were subjected to exercise programs of either brief running once weekly or
      endurance running daily on a laddermill for 6 weeks. Both groups of exercised
      rats showed significant hypertrophy of the soleus. This muscle was analyzed
      morphometrically to determine if these running programs induced significant
      differences in the distribution of interfibrillar mitochondria. Interfibrillar
      mitochondrial volume density in the endurance-trained and control groups was
      highest near the fiber border and decreased with distance toward the fiber
      center, whereas in the weekly-run rats interfibrillar mitochondrial volume
      density was not correlated with distance within the fiber. Absolute
      interfibrillar mitochondrial volume (Vmi) was approximately 50% higher in
      endurance-trained rats than in controls at all locations sampled, but Vmi was
      nearly 80% higher in the weekly-run animals only in the fiber center. Thus the
      distribution of mitochondria was significantly different in weekly-run versus
      endurance-trained animals which may reflect differences in substrate source or
      high-energy phosphate flux in these fibers.

PMID- 3704379
TI  - Respiratory mechanics and control of the ventilatory cycle in the garter snake.
AB  - We measured respiratory airflow and intrapulmonary pressure in spontaneously
      breathing garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis) before and after bilateral
      vagotomy. Each breathing cycle consisted of expiration, inspiration, and a breath
      holding period with the glottis closed, as previously reported. Respiratory
      system compliance was very high compared with that of mammals (0.042 ml/cm H2O
      per g), but was considerably reduced when the animal was coiled. Resistance to
      airflow averaged 6.35 cm H2O per ml/sec. Lung volume during the breath-hold was
      usually above the relaxed volume of the system. Analysis of dynamic pressure
      volume and flow-volume loops showed that both expiration and inspiration were
      active, and that little use was made of passive recoil pressure in expiration.
      Evidence that vagally mediated, volume-related feedback influenced the breathing
      pattern was found in some snakes, but this influence was weaker than in most
      mammals and other reptiles. The results suggest that breathing in snakes is
      mainly a centrally programmed process, not markedly dependent on respiratory
      system mechanics or neuromechanical feedback. This arrangement is advantageous in
      view of the high, posturally variable compliance and the frequent regional
      distortions of the respiratory system that result from the unique structure of
      these animals.

PMID- 3704380
TI  - Effect of cold air on laryngeal mechanoreceptors in the dog.
AB  - We have previously described laryngeal receptors specifically activated by
      cooling. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of cold air on
      laryngeal mechanoreceptors responding primarily to transmural pressure and
      respiratory movements of the larynx. We have recorded action potentials from 30
      single fibers in the peripheral cut end of the internal branch of the superior
      laryngeal nerve of 11 anesthetized, spontaneously breathing dogs. Of 29 receptors
      studied with a constant flow of cold air through the isolated upper airway 13
      showed a marked reduction in their discharge (0 to 15% of control), 10 showed a
      moderate decrease (16 to 84% of control) and the remaining 6 were minimally
      affected. Seven of the 29 receptors showed, prior to the inhibition, a transient
      initial stimulation. Transient state responses of the most affected receptors
      lagged behind laryngeal temperature. Three of the most affected endings were also
      studied during spontaneous breathing of cold air; to a progressive decrease in
      laryngeal temperature corresponded a progressive decrease in receptor activity.
      Susceptibility of the receptors to laryngeal cooling and topical anesthesia did
      not closely correlate. Our results indicate that in evaluating the reflex
      responses to upper airway cooling both excitation of cold receptors and
      inhibition of laryngeal mechanoreceptors should be taken into account.

PMID- 3704381
TI  - Inspiratory augmentation during asphyxic hyperpnoea and gasping: proprioceptive
      influences.
AB  - The relative inspiratory augmentations of sternomastoid, scalene, external
      intercostal, interchondral and diaphragmatic electromyographic activities were
      examined during the progressive asphyxia induced by rebreathing in
      pentobarbitone/urethane anaesthetized rabbits. Diaphragmatic activity augmented
      significantly less than that of the scalene, intercostal and interchondral
      muscles in response to the asphyxic increase in inspiratory drive (hyperpnoea).
      Cervical vagotomy significantly increased the levels of inspiratory activity
      during the asphyxic hyperpnoea but did not abolish these relations. Dorsal
      rhizotomy at levels appropriate for the respective recording sites significantly
      limited the intercostal and interchondral augmentations, and depressed
      diaphragmatic activity to a less pronounced extent, but did not affect scalene
      activity. The asphyxic apnoea succeeding the hyperpnoea was terminated by gasping
      respiration. Excepting the interchondrals each muscle exhibited significantly
      greater electromyographic amplitudes during gasping than during the terminal
      hyperpnoeic efforts. Only during gasping were the sternomastoid muscles
      recruited. The intercostal and scalene gasps were significantly greater than
      those exhibited by either the interchondrals or the diaphragm. Such
      disproportionate responses were not affected by vagotomy or dorsal rhizotomy. The
      disparate inspiratory contributions during progressive asphyxia can therefore
      only be partially accounted for by differences in proprioceptive control.

PMID- 3704382
TI  - Acute and chronic pulmonary pressor responses to hypoxia: the role of blunting in
      acclimatization.
AB  - We studied two strains of Sprague-Dawley rats: the Madison (M) that acclimatizes
      successfully to high altitude; and the Hilltop (H), that manifests signs of
      chronic mountain sickness at high altitude and has a high mortality rate. Awake,
      chronically instrumented animals were tested at sea level, at intervals during 30
      days at a simulated altitude of 5500 m, and during 10 to 15 days of recovery at
      sea level. Mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) rose at high altitude to reach 60
      mm Hg in H and 40 mm Hg in M, but the acute pressor response to hypoxia at sea
      level was much more pronounced in M than H. Depression of PAP by normoxic
      exposures in H rats at high altitude was slightly early in the period of stay but
      was enhanced with further prolongation of high altitude residence. The M rats, in
      contrast, had a blunted response (normoxia had very little depressant effect on
      PAP) after the first 24 h at high altitude, and it remained so for the duration
      of the stay. On return to sea level the response of H rats remained unchanged for
      7 days, but the blunted response of the M rats at high altitude reversed at sea
      level to become exaggerated. We conclude: that responses of PAP to acute hypoxia
      do not forecast what the chronic response will be; that the appearance of an
      unidentified mechanism during chronic hypoxia in the M strain attenuates the
      vasoreactivity of the pulmonary vessels to hypoxia; and that the absence of such
      a blunting mechanism in H leads to the higher PAP in this strain and its morbid
      consequences. The hypothesis is put forward that the existence of such a blunting
      mechanism is an important factor in the adaptability of species to high altitude.

PMID- 3704383
TI  - Regional blood flow responses to stimulation of the subthalamic locomotor region.
AB  - Recent studies have suggested that descending central command from an area in the
      diencephalon (subthalamic locomotor region - STLR) is involved in the control of
      ventilation, arterial pressure and heart rate during exercise. The purpose of
      this study was to determine if electrical activation of the STLR in anesthetized
      cats elicits changes in regional blood flow and vascular resistances similar to
      those evoked by exercise. Therefore, organ blood flows (radioactive microsphere
      technique), arterial pressure (AP), heart rate (HR), and respiratory output
      (quantified from phrenic nerve activity) were recorded during resting conditions
      and during STLR stimulation. Stimulation of the subthalamic locomotor region
      produced increases in AP, HR and respiratory output similar to those reported
      previously. These changes were accompanied by increased blood flow to the heart,
      diaphragm and limb skeletal muscles. A concomitant decrease occurred in blood
      flow to the kidneys. In addition, the vascular resistances of the intestines,
      gallbladder and stomach increased. These vascular and respiratory responses are
      similar to those occurring during static exercise in conscious cats.

PMID- 3704384
TI  - Modest effect of temperature on the porcine oxygen dissociation curve.
AB  - It has been generally assumed that normally endothermic mammals have hemoglobins
      with greater temperature sensitivity than ectotherms or hibernating mammals. We
      found the pig to be an exception to this rule. We measured 101 dissociation
      curves using biotonometry on fresh heparinized blood from 9 pigs at 4
      temperatures. The partial pressures of O2 at 50% saturation (P50 +/- SE) were
      27.8 +/- 1.2, 30.0 +/- 1.3, 35.7 +/- 0.6 and 41.6 +/- 1.8 mm Hg at 30, 33, 37,
      and 41 degrees C, respectively. The temperature coefficient d log P50/dT was
      0.016 +/- 0.002, about two-thirds that of human and dog blood. It was also
      saturation dependent, being significantly greater at lower saturations than at
      high saturations. This saturation dependence causes an increase in heme-heme
      cooperativity in binding oxygen at higher temperatures. The fixed acid Bohr
      coefficient was -0.441 +/- 0.005 at 37 degrees C and was not temperature
      sensitive. We conclude that the effect of temperature on the porcine dissociation
      curve is significantly lower than that reported for other endotherms, and is
      similar to that previously reported for hibernating mammals and some ectotherms.

PMID- 3704385
TI  - Respiration-related neurons in the medial nuclear complex of the solitary tract
      of the cat.
AB  - Respiration-related (RR) neuronal activity was systematically searched for in the
      nuclear complex of the solitary tract (nTS) with special interest focused on
      regions located medially to the ventrolateral subnucleus (vlnTS) which is widely
      considered to be the anatomical location of the dorsal respiratory group (DRG).
      The experiments were carried out on cats under pentobarbitone anaesthesia,
      paralyzed and artificially ventilated. RR activity was recorded consistently not
      only in the vlnTS, but also in more medial regions. R alpha-type neurons were
      often encountered in ventral and medial aspects of the nTS. R beta-type neurons
      and expiration-related neurons were found also in ventral regions of the nTS. A
      small number of 'late onset' and 'early burst' inspiration-related neurons was
      found respectively in ventral and ventromedial regions of the nTS. The activity
      of neurons presenting a rhythmic pattern completely determined by lung volume
      changes due to the respirator was consistently recorded both in ventral and
      medial areas of the nTS. Most of these neurons were excited by lung inflation and
      displayed a discharge pattern characteristic of P-neurons. A few neurons,
      designated as 'inverse' P-neurons displayed an opposite behaviour, being
      inhibited by lung inflation. The results are consistent with both histological
      and neurophysiological studies showing that pulmonary stretch receptor afferents
      terminate also on the medial side of the solitary tract. It is suggested that the
      DRG is not restricted to the vlnTS, but comprises also neurons located in more
      medial regions of the nTS.

PMID- 3704386
TI  - Postsynaptic potentials of bulbar respiratory neurons of the turtle.
AB  - Membrane potentials of bulbar respiratory neurons of Pseudemys scripta were
      recorded from unanesthetized, decerebrate animals. Efferent neurograms were
      recorded from the serratus magnus (inspiratory) and pectoralis (expiratory)
      nerves. The animals were paralyzed and ventilated by a servo-respirator driven by
      the pectoralis neurogram to mimic the spontaneous turtle respiratory cycle.
      Neurons, comparable to mammalian medullary respiratory neurons, were observed,
      namely: augmenting inspiratory, augmenting expiratory and postinspiratory
      neurons. In addition, two types of phase-spanning neurons, postinspiratory
      expiratory and expiratory-inspiratory, were encountered. The pattern of
      appearance of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials generally resembled that
      observed in the cat. The neurons observed correspond to the activity pattern of
      known respiratory muscles of the turtle. The results suggest that the three phase
      respiratory cycle of the turtle corresponds to the ternary neural cycle
      postulated for mammals.

PMID- 3704387
TI  - Intracisternal diethylpyrocarbonate inhibits central chemosensitivity in
      conscious rabbits.
AB  - As a direct chemical test of the alpha-imidazole hypothesis for the function of
      mammalian central chemoreceptors (CCR), diethylpyrocarbonate (DEPC) a relatively
      specific reactant with imidazole groups in vitro has been administered in vivo
      via intracisterna magna (ICM) infusion in conscious rabbits using each rabbit as
      its own control. DEPC, in a dose-dependent fashion, induced resting
      hypoventilation and inhibited (1) the ventilatory response to CO2 in peripherally
      chemodenervated animals, and (2) both the PaCO2 and minute ventilation responses
      to ICM infusion of an acidic mock cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). DEPC had no effect
      on the hypoxic ventilatory response and had small non-dose-dependent effects on
      body temperature. ICM administration of hydroxylamine (HDA), a substance that
      reverses the DEPC-imidazole binding in vitro, prevented DEPC induced inhibition
      of CCR function. These data support but do not prove the alpha-imidazole
      hypothesis for mammalian central chemoreceptor function and demonstrate a
      potentially useful chemical tool for the study of central chemoreception.

PMID- 3704388
TI  - Responses of the posterior cricoarytenoid and alae nasi muscles to increased
      chemical drive in man.
AB  - We examined the electromyographic activity of the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA)
      simultaneously with the alae nasi (AN) in response to increasing chemical drive
      in 5 normal, awake human subjects. During progressive isocapnic hypoxia the peak
      of the integrated PCA activity (EPCA) increased as a function of tidal volume
      (VT), and in 3 of the 5 subjects the residual variance of an exponential fit (of
      the form EPCA = A - Be-KVT, where A, B and K are constants) was significantly
      less than that of a linear regression. In the other 2 subjects the data were too
      noisy to detect a difference although a positive relationship was present. In
      contrast, during progressive hyperoxic hypercapnia we found a linear relationship
      between EPCA and VT (r = 0.84 +/- 0.14) in all subjects over a comparable
      ventilatory range. The peak of the integrated AN activity (EAN) increased
      linearly with increasing VT during both hypoxia (r = 0.90 +/- 0.08) and
      hypercapnia (r = 0.89 +/- 0.12). Tonic EPCA also increased as a function of VT
      during both hypoxia and hypercapnia and at a VT of 1.6 L constituted 26 +/- 6%
      and 24 +/- 8% of the respective maximal peak EPCA. During hypoxia the relative
      increase in tonic EPCA occurred at a lower VT than during hypercapnia. Our
      results suggest that there are qualitative differences in the response of the PCA
      to increased chemical drive between hypoxia and hypercapnia. This is consistent
      with differing inputs to some upper airway motoneurones from central and
      peripheral chemoreceptors.

PMID- 3704390
TI  - Maximal static pressures and lung volumes in young female swimmers.
AB  - The postulate that lung volumes are increased in swimmers because of a training
      effect that increases maximal static pressures (Pmax) thus augmenting the ability
      to inflate and deflate the lung was examined by comparing 38 competitively
      trained female swimmers to 59 controls between 7 and 13 years of age. Maximal
      static pressures on inspiration and expiration were generated near residual
      volume (RV), at functional residual capacity (FRC) and near total lung capacity
      (TLC). Lung volumes were measured by body plethysmography. The expected increase
      in lung volumes was present in the swimmers and was most marked in the oldest
      subjects. However, training did not have the anticipated effect on Pmax. In the
      younger swimmers training was associated with an increase in Pmax, but in the
      older swimmers Pmax was actually decreased in comparison to controls. These
      findings suggest that training may directly enhance lung growth, since the
      changes in lung volume cannot be accounted for by increases in respiratory muscle
      strength.

PMID- 3704389
TI  - The role of 2,3-DPG in the oxygen transport at altitude.
AB  - A computer program is described, relating blood flow with venous PO2 for any
      given set of the following parameters: oxygen uptake, respiratory quotient, the
      2,3-DPG/Hb molar concentration ratio (G), arterial PO2, PCO2, and pH. Two
      compartments (total body and one leg) and two conditions (rest and maximal
      exercise) are considered. Calculations are performed at five altitudes (0, 3850,
      5400, 6300 and 8848 m), for which the above variables are known. The results
      indicate that an increased G value has a negative effect on the oxygen delivery
      to tissues at very high altitudes (greater than 5400 m), irrespectively of the
      work load, since larger blood flows (delta Q on the summit of Mt. Everest is +4
      to +71/min, and +1 to +2.5 l/min, for whole body and one leg, respectively) are
      required for a given oxygen uptake. For submaximal work at altitudes ranging from
      sea level up to 5400 m, as well as for moderate work at 5400 m, high G values
      improve the oxygen delivery to tissues.

PMID- 3704391
TI  - [Malaise and/or falls of elderly people. A real problem of public health].

PMID- 3704392
TI  - [Malaise and brief losses of consciousness after 65 years of age. Clinical
      diagnosis and value of complementary studies in 512 patients].
AB  - A retrospective study of the diagnosis and causes of malaise and loss of
      consciousness has been conducted under the aegis of the French National Society
      of Internal Medicine. This multicentric and retrospective enquiry, which involved
      512 patients, revealed that up to 44% of the malaise had no diagnostic label and
      that those of known aetiology were frequently due to cardiovascular disorders,
      such as postural hypotension (11.7%) or arrhythmia (9.5%). The study also
      demonstrated that the clinical enquiry was more important than complementary
      examinations which yielded few useful data.

PMID- 3704393
TI  - [Inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone disclosing acute intermittent
      porphyria].
AB  - The authors report a case of acute intermittent porphyria in a 31-year old woman,
      revealed by inappropriate secretion of the antidiuretic hormone, a diagnosis
      confirmed by radioimmunoassay. Measurements of red cell urosynthetase made the
      diagnosis of porphyria certain and showed that the disease was familial, although
      clinically asymptomatic. Antidiuresis is not the only cause of hyponatraemia in
      acute intermittent porphyria. Similarly, psychic disorders are frequent in SIADH,
      but they are not necessarily due to acute intermittent porphyria.

PMID- 3704394
TI  - [Association of Sharp's syndrome and renal cancer].

PMID- 3704395
TI  - [Myasthenic syndrome and doxycycline].

PMID- 3704396
TI  - [Spheno-cavernous metastasis of prostatic cancer].

PMID- 3704397
TI  - [Lymphoid interstitial pneumopathy in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome].

PMID- 3704398
TI  - [Malignant diffuse peritoneal mesothelioma: clinical and therapeutic aspects.
      Apropos of a case with gelatinous ascites].
AB  - Peritoneal mesothelioma ranks second in frequency after pleural mesothelioma. A
      well-established clinical entity since 1960, mesothelioma is increasingly
      frequent due to improvements in diagnostic methods and to the fairly wide
      industrial use of asbestos, a well-known carcinogenic substance for mesothelial
      cells. The diagnosis of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma rests on a corpus of
      convergent data. Treatment consists of surgery combined with radiotherapy and
      chemotherapy. The mean survival from the time of diagnosis is 8-10 months.

PMID- 3704399
TI  - [First intention treatment with josamycin in primary acute pneumopathies of
      infectious origin in adults].
AB  - In a prospective study 128 community acquired pneumoniae were treated with a
      macrolide (josamycin) by oral route. Patients improved in 94 p. 100 (113).
      Complications were as following: 2 deaths, 2 sequels, 3 failures. Authors discuss
      macrolides effectiveness in acute pneumoniae, particularly pneumococcal ones.
      They conclude macrolides are a good choice in first intention in acute pneumoniae
      of adults.

PMID- 3704400
TI  - [Evaluation of thyroid function].

PMID- 3704401
TI  - [Measurement of physical strength and rheumatoid arthritis patients'
      kinesitherapy].
AB  - It is difficult to examine the physical strength of patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis (RA). The graded exercise testing by bicycle ergometer was used for RA
      patients. The following factors were measured: 1) lactic acid in blood, 2) heart
      rate, 3) blood pressure and 4) expired gas analysis. Generally speaking, the
      index of physical strength of healthy human beings is attributed to the maximum
      oxygen consumption, aerobic threshold or anaerobic threshold. Although none of
      the nine patients' maximum oxygen consumption was able to be measured, three
      patients' anaerobic threshold and seven patients' aerobic threshold were
      measured. In this series the results suggested that aerobic threshold was useful
      as an index for physical strength. Three of the nine patients were treated by
      kinesitherapy at the aerobic threshold work load using a bicycle ergometer. The
      effect of kinesitherapy is discussed.

PMID- 3704402
TI  - [A statistical approach to pruritus senilis].
AB  - The purpose of this study is to analyse the cause of itching and explore the
      relationships between pruritus senilis and various stimuli. Sample of 132 men and
      238 women with ages ranging from 60 to 96 years were used in our study. Pruritus
      senilis is not significantly related to cosmetics and soap. Nevertheless,
      statistically significant correlations were found between pruritus senilis and
      physical stimuli (e. g., warmth, coldness, dryness). These observations could
      suggest that pruritus senilis is caused by changes of temperature.

PMID- 3704404
TI  - [Mass screening for cervix cancer under the law of health for the elderly in
      Fukuoka Prefecture].
AB  - Mass screening for cancer of the uterine cervix was performed mainly in a
      screening car or by a gynecological practitioner in Fukuoka Prefecture. In 1983,
      114,000 women were screened for cervix cancer, and 102 cervix cancers were
      detected. Cytology activity index was 110. To reduce deaths from cervix cancer,
      400,000 women should be screened by cytology. Detection of cancer in the
      population with abnormal cytology was not satisfactory in some departments. The
      gynecologists in these departments should be trained for colposcopic practice.
      The training of cytotechnologists is also necessary for the elimination of false
      negative cytology. These trainings are now being done under the law of health for
      the elderly.

PMID- 3704403
TI  - [A case of sarcoidosis with marked bronchial involvement].
AB  - Bronchial mucosal biopsy is considered to be a useful procedure for the diagnosis
      of sarcoidosis in Europe and the USA. However, bronchial involvement of
      sarcoidosis has seldom been reported in Japan. We report an interesting case of
      sarcoidosis with marked bronchial changes. A 40-year-old symptom free women
      visited our hospital to seek a diagnosis concerning a diffuse reticulonodular
      shadow in her chest X-ray film. Bronchofiberscopy showed multiple nodules, yellow
      white plaques and hypervascularity of the thickened edematous mucosa with severe
      stenosis and deformity of the lober or segmental bronchi. Bronchial mucosal
      biopsy as well as TBLB revealed typical non-caseating epithelioid granulomas. A
      pulmonary function test showed restrictive ventilatory disturbance with impaired
      diffusing capacity and small airway dysfunction. After corticosteroid therapy,
      bronchial mucosal changes disappeared and chest radiological and pulmonary
      function abnormalities were improved. After reviewing the bronchofiberscopic
      findings of 11 cases of sarcoidosis, we found bronchial mucosal changes in 8
      cases. Bronchial mucosal biopsy should be regarded as an important procedure for
      the diagnosis of sarcoidosis.

PMID- 3704405
TI  - [Primary sclerosing cholangitis].

PMID- 3704406
TI  - [Imported ancylostomiasis: incidence, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment].

PMID- 3704407
TI  - [The threat of malaria in the light of current epidemiology].

PMID- 3704408
TI  - [The social environment of tuberculosis patients in the high-altitude clinics and
      at work].

PMID- 3704409
TI  - [Clinicopathologic conference: chronic diarrhea with erythema nodosum].

PMID- 3704410
TI  - [Pain in the shoulder girdle].

PMID- 3704411
TI  - [A case from general practice (50)].

PMID- 3704412
TI  - [Indications for spa therapy in rheumatology].

PMID- 3704413
TI  - [Indications and importance of hydrokinesitherapy].

PMID- 3704414
TI  - [Cardiovascular effects of immersion in normal humans].

PMID- 3704416
TI  - [Regulation for the recognition of Swiss thermal spas].

PMID- 3704415
TI  - [Therapeutic possibilities of Yverdon-les-Bains. Rheumatologic aspects].

PMID- 3704417
TI  - [Medical aspects of the revision of the federal ordinance on foodstuffs: the
      regulation of mineral waters].

PMID- 3704418
TI  - [Medical specialization in French thermal spas].

PMID- 3704419
TI  - [Conservative treatment of splenic rupture in children].

PMID- 3704420
TI  - [Place of surgery in the treatment of the rheumatoid hand].

PMID- 3704421
TI  - [The American DSM III classification of mental disorders: comments based on
      present-day experience].

PMID- 3704422
TI  - [Short-term antibiotic prophylaxis in colorectal surgery].

PMID- 3704423
TI  - [Various essential aspects of the somesthetic system].

PMID- 3704424
TI  - [Pathology of the ampullary and peri-ampullary region].

PMID- 3704425
TI  - [Algoneurodystrophy, a diagnosis often unrecognized at an early stage].

PMID- 3704426
TI  - [Migraine and somnambulism. A survey of 122 migraine patients].
AB  - A retrospective study looking for an history of somnambulism in childhood, in a
      population of 122 patients with migraine, and 110 patients with non-migraine
      headache has been performed. A very high frequency of somnambulism in patients
      with migraine was found whereas frequency of somnambulism in patients with non
      migraine headache was similar to that of the general population. The probability
      that a sleepwalking child acquires a migraine is greater when she is a girl.
      Migraine is then often of the ophthalmic type. Somnambulism and migraine appear
      at different ages, the former in the late infancy, the latter in childhood and
      both could be due to a disorder of serotonin metabolism. The authors suggest that
      somnambulism be considered as an accessory criterion for the diagnosis of
      migrainous disease.

PMID- 3704427
TI  - [Clinical, immunological and radiological correlations in an initial attack of
      multiple sclerosis].
AB  - In a 20 year-old woman with a first attack of MS there were strong correlations
      between clinical findings, radiological changes and immunological abnormalities.
      The presence of early immunological changes in peripheral blood and CSF together
      with a focal alteration of the blood-brain barrier suggests that such
      abnormalities may play a primary role in plaque formation.

PMID- 3704428
TI  - [Clinical and developmental aspects of small brain stem hematomas. Contribution
      of x-ray computed tomography].
AB  - In a review of 16 cases, the authors emphasize that small brainstem haemorrhages,
      diagnosed by CT-scan, can have a good outcome, most often spontaneously. Twelve
      hematomas were in the pons, four in the mesencephalon. Several clinical features
      were remarkable: consciousness was not or moderately impaired, focal symptoms and
      signs predominantly neuro-ophthalmologic were present. Involvement of the cranial
      nerves and long tracts occurred rarely in isolation. Arterial hypertension was
      the usual cause (50 p. cent); one normotensive patient with neurological
      disorders prior to the bleeding had an arteriovenous malformation, demonstrated
      angiographically. In two cases an obstructive hydrocephalus was surgically
      treated. Expected advances from CT-scan and magnetic resonance imaging (M.R.I.)
      are discussed.

PMID- 3704429
TI  - [Intracranial artery stenoses 44 years after craniofacial radiotherapy].
AB  - A 58 year-old patient experienced several ischemic strokes in the carotid
      arteries territories. History revealed a nasal epithelioma, for which he had
      received, at age 14, an irradiation through an anterior field (5500 rads), and
      two lateral fields (4550 rads each). He had a nasofacial atrophy as apparent
      sequellae. Angiograms showed stenoses of the cavernous portion of both internal
      carotid arteries and of the proximal portion of the left anterior cerebral
      artery. The ophthalmic arteries were narrowed and irregular. Despite the very
      long delay and the patient's age (that of common atherosclerosis) and the lack of
      specificity of the lesions, the relationship between the arterial lesions and
      radiotherapy was accepted: the site of the arterial lesions corresponded to that
      of irradiation; other carotid segments, and particularly the bifurcations of the
      common carotid arteries, appeared normal on angiograms. The X-rays dose delivered
      in the region of the Willis arterial circle had been very high. A review of the
      rare reported cases of intra-cranial post-irradiation arteriopathy is presented.

PMID- 3704430
TI  - [Predominantly crural hemiparesis and ipsilateral ataxia caused by meningioma of
      the falx cerebri].
AB  - In a 61 year-old woman with a right crural hemiparesis, and a history of
      progressive development of ipsilateral ataxia, CT scan showed a meningioma of
      falx cerebri confirmed by neurosurgery. Neurologic signs regressed within weeks.
      Compression of corticopontine and corticospinal tracts at their origin could
      account for the clinical disorders.

PMID- 3704431
TI  - Muscarinic cholinergic receptors and the canine model of narcolepsy.
AB  - The role of the muscarinic cholinergic receptor in narcolepsy was examined using
      radioligand binding to various brain regions of normal and genetically
      narcoleptic Doberman pinschers. In this multi-litter study, a previous report of
      a proliferation of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the brainstem was
      confirmed, and the concentration of the M2 receptor subtype, in particular, was
      elevated. This up-regulation of brainstem cholinergic receptors suggests a
      problem with release of acetylcholine, which, together with previous reports of
      an impairment of dopamine release, may be indicative of a fundamental membrane
      problem in narcolepsy.

PMID- 3704432
TI  - Biogenic amine concentrations in the brains of normal and narcoleptic canines:
      current status.

PMID- 3704433
TI  - Sleep fragmentation in canine narcolepsy.
AB  - Genetically narcoleptic dogs were recorded continuously for 24 h to examine their
      sleep-wake patterns and to evaluate the extent of sleep fragmentation. Three
      narcoleptic and three control dogs from each of two affected breeds (Labrador
      retrievers and Doberman pinschers) were surgically implanted with electrodes for
      recording standard sleep parameters. Recordings were scored in 30-s epochs for
      the states of active waking, drowsiness, light sleep, deep slow wave sleep, REM
      sleep, and cataplexy. All affected dogs displayed marked fragmentation and
      disruption of the sleep-wake cycle characterized by repeated awakenings, frequent
      shifts in sleep stages, numerous attacks of cataplexy occurring from active
      waking, and a disturbance of the normal REM-NREM periodicity. This sleep
      disruption was reflected in significantly greater numbers of episodes of each
      behavioral state as well as in a 38% increase in the total number of all states.
      These results demonstrate a severe disturbance of the normal sleep pattern in
      canine narcoleptics. The possibility of a general dysfunction of circadian
      organization is discussed.

PMID- 3704434
TI  - Circadian timekeeping in narcoleptic dogs.
AB  - Anatomical and functional aspects of the circadian timekeeping system containing
      the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) were compared in normal and genetically
      narcoleptic dogs. The retinohypothalamic tract was delineated by tritiated amino
      acid autoradiography, the SCN was identified and examined by morphological
      techniques, and the circadian rhythm of melatonin concentrations in cerebrospinal
      fluid was measured by radioimmunoassay. Results suggest that the retinal input,
      cytoarchitecture, and essential timekeeping function of the SCN are intact in
      narcoleptic dogs.

PMID- 3704435
TI  - Narcolepsy: a neuropathologic study.
AB  - This article describes the neuropathologic findings in a woman who died suddenly
      at the age of 48 after having had symptoms of narcolepsy for 1 1/2 years. Gross
      examination of the brain showed an arachnoid cyst. The significant light
      microscopic findings consisted of focal gliosis of the ventrolateral caudal pons
      and the periventricular anterior hypothalamus. Although cases of symptomatic
      narcolepsy have been previously reported, to our knowledge structural brain
      changes in idiopathic narcolepsy have not been previously described. In the
      present case, there is no evidence that the narcoleptic symptoms were secondary
      to any other disorder, including the arachnoid cyst. This patient's symptoms may
      be related to the pontine and hypothalamic gliosis, the etiology for which is
      unknown.

PMID- 3704436
TI  - Nocturnal sleep of narcoleptic patients: revisited.
AB  - Narcoleptic patients were compared to idiopathic hypersomniac patients and REM
      hypersomnia patients with regard to nocturnal sleep disruption. Results showed
      specificity of the narcoleptic sleep pattern and a possible correlation between
      REM fragmentation and cataplexy. Patients with and without periodic movements in
      sleep (PMS) were compared and no difference was found in their nocturnal sleep
      pattern, suggesting that PMS is not the major determinant of sleep disruption
      previously described in narcoleptic patients. Finally, nocturnal sleep disruption
      was treated with gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and results further indicate a
      possible link between REM fragmentation and cataplexy.

PMID- 3704437
TI  - Are REM cycles in narcoleptic patients governed by an ultradian rhythm?
AB  - Twelve narcoleptic subjects experiencing at least five daytime REM sleep episodes
      were monitored for 34 consecutive hours in the laboratory starting at 2200 h one
      evening and ending at 0800 h a day and a half later. There was no significant
      difference between the length of the daytime and nighttime REM cycles. To test
      the hypothesis that an underlying rhythm governs REM episodes, a grid was
      constructed on the basis of the mean and the SD of the daytime cycles (starting
      at 0800 h the first morning) was projected on the following nighttime and its
      correspondence with actual night cycles was evaluated. Overall, it was observed
      that the number of night cycles falling within the projected grid was
      significantly higher than chance (p less than 0.01), indicating that nighttime
      REM episodes tended to fall within the same periodicity as their preceding
      daytime episodes. This observation supports the hypothesis that an underlying
      basic rest-activity cycle governs REM sleep episodes in narcoleptic subjects.

PMID- 3704438
TI  - Daytime sleep characteristics and their relationships with night sleep in the
      narcoleptic patient.
AB  - Thirty-six narcoleptic patients with overwhelming sleep episodes, cataplexy, and
      sleep onset REM (SOREM) episodes were recorded for 34 continuous hours in the
      laboratory starting at 2200 h and ending at 0800 h a day and a half later. There
      were 94 SOREM and 60 sleep onset NREM (SONREM) episodes. While SONREM episodes
      were evenly distributed across daytime, SOREM episodes peaked between 0800 and
      1000, 1200 and 1400, and 1600 and 1800 h. The ratio of SOREM to SONREM episodes
      was at its highest level between 1200 and 1400 h. Correlation coefficients
      between night 1 and night 2 for total sleep time (TST) and percentages of sleep
      stages were all positive and significant, whereas between daytime and each night,
      they were significant for percentages of stages 1, 2, and REM. Sleep-stage
      distribution across the last 24 h of continuous recording indicated that although
      TST levels were higher than that typical of normal subjects, REM sleep and slow
      wave sleep followed the same circadian distribution as that observed in normal
      subjects. The results are interpreted as evidence that the daytime sleep of
      narcoleptic patients is modified, similar to their night sleep, and that SOREM
      episodes are influenced by a time-of-day effect which culminates between 1200 and
      1400 h.

PMID- 3704439
TI  - Dynamics of REM sleep in narcolepsy.
AB  - The discovery of sleep onset REM periods (SOREMPs) in narcolepsy first suggested
      the important role of REM sleep in the disorder. We have conducted a series of
      studies exploring factors that affect the onset and termination of REM sleep in
      narcolepsy. Following a preliminary study of REM sleep deprivation, we compared
      the sleep onset response of narcoleptic and normal subjects to awakenings at REM
      sleep onsets and awakenings during NREM sleep. In addition, we have investigated
      the relationship of these awakenings to daytime sleepiness. We have demonstrated
      that an index of the REM sleep process predicts the sleepiness of both normal and
      narcoleptic subjects. The finding of increased frequency of SOREMPs following
      both REM and NREM sleep awakenings in the narcoleptic patient suggests that
      accelerated triggering and inertia of the REM sleep process are
      pathophysiological mechanisms of the disorder.

PMID- 3704440
TI  - Forty-eight-hour polysomnographic evaluation of narcolepsy.
AB  - Eleven narcoleptic and 11 control subjects completed five multiple sleep latency
      test (MSLT) procedures with instructions to "fall asleep" while supine and five
      maintenance of wakefulness test (MWT) procedures with instructions to "remain
      awake" while comfortably sitting. Narcoleptic subjects had a shorter sleep
      latency and a higher frequency of sleep onset REM periods (SOREMPs) on both
      daytime tests than controls. Each group had a longer sleep latency on the MWT
      than MSLT. For patients with narcolepsy, the differences between the two daytime
      procedures suggest the tests measure distinct aspects of sleep-wake tendency.
      Sleep latency on the MSLT did not correlate with sleep latency on the MWT for
      narcoleptic subjects. Furthermore, the number of SOREMPs during the MSLT for
      narcoleptic subjects did not correlate with the number of SOREMP during the MWT.
      Measures of nocturnal REM sleep for narcoleptic subjects correlated with sleep
      latency on the MSLT. In particular, REM latency at night was highly predictive of
      the magnitude of hypersomnia for patients with narcolepsy. Sleep latency at night
      tended to relate to sleep latency on the daytime tests for controls. Patients
      with narcolepsy had a shorter sleep latency, more frequent arousals, and a
      shorter REM latency than control subjects across the 2 nights of study.

PMID- 3704442
TI  - Alerting effects of naps in patients with narcolepsy.
AB  - As part of their standard diagnostic evaluation, 45 patients with narcolepsy and
      45 patients with other disorders of excessive sleepiness (DOES), primarily
      obstructive sleep apnea, each underwent one of three nap conditions that involved
      manipulating time in bed on the 1600 h latency test of the standard multiple
      sleep latency test (MSLT) and varying the time between the 1600-h latency test
      and a subsequent fifth latency test. Compared with the mean of tests 1-4, a 15
      min nap at 1600 h (condition 1) increased latency to stage 1 sleep on a latency
      test 15 min later in both groups. However, the increase was greater for patients
      with narcolepsy than with other DOES. A 30-min nap at 1600 h (condition 2)
      produced increased latency 15 min later, but the increase was greater for
      patients with other DOES. While narcoleptic patients showed no change in latency
      as a function of increased nap duration, the other DOES patients had increased
      latencies. When tested 30 min after a 15-min nap (condition 3), narcoleptic
      patients had latencies that did not differ from those of tests 1-4, while the
      other DOES patients sustained their increased latencies.

PMID- 3704441
TI  - Sleep-wake abnormalities in narcolepsy.
AB  - To evaluate the degree to which sleep (REM vs. NREM) intrudes into wake and wake
      intrudes into sleep in narcolepsy, 103 patients with narcolepsy were compared to
      105 patients with other diagnoses of disorders of excessive sleep (DOES).
      Narcoleptic patients had more frequent REM onsets on the multiple sleep latency
      test (MSLT) and nocturnal polysomnograms. But the MSLT latencies to REM versus
      NREM in narcoleptic patients did not differ. Nocturnal measures of REM pressure,
      percentage of REM, and REM latency excluding the REM onsets, did not differ among
      patient groups. With respect to the intrusion of wake into sleep, narcoleptic
      patients had more and longer awakenings compared with other DOES patients, but
      the distribution of wake into REM and NREM sleep did not differ among groups.
      These data suggest that narcolepsy is not exclusively a REM-related disorder, but
      involves an inability to sustain a specific neural state for periods comparable
      to those in normal subjects or other DOES patients.

PMID- 3704443
TI  - All-day performance variations in normal and narcoleptic subjects.
AB  - This study compared the performance of narcoleptic and control subjects on one
      psychomotor task, examined the recuperative power of naps in narcoleptic
      subjects, and evaluated the respective recuperative values of REM and NREM sleep.
      Ten untreated narcoleptic and eight control subjects repeatedly responded to a
      choice reaction time task during days with and days without napping. Narcoleptic
      subjects exhibited low performance levels relative to control subjects on all
      variables. Napping improved the performance of narcoleptic subjects except for
      the number of long latency (reaction time greater than 1,000 ms) responses.
      Finally, performance, particularly on accuracy measures, was better, although not
      significantly, after NREM naps when compared with REM naps.

PMID- 3704444
TI  - Excessive daytime sleepiness and the pathophysiology of narcolepsy-cataplexy: a
      laboratory perspective.
AB  - The main disabling symptom of narcolepsy-cataplexy is shown to be the unrelenting
      excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) based upon controlled studies of socioeconomic
      effects and the poor response to treatment. Objective performance deficits mainly
      involve tests of ability to sustain performance on repetitive boring tasks and
      are reversible by improved alertness. Physiologically, EDS is seen to represent
      relatively slow waxing and waning of alertness rather than punctate microsleeps.
      Evidence is provided for complex cerebral evoked potentials (P300, contingent
      negative variation) being very sensitive EDS measures comparable to the multiple
      sleep latency test (MSLT). EDS appears to have qualitatively somewhat different
      forms mainly reflecting pressure for REM sleep (REM sleepiness) or pressure for
      NREM sleep (NREM sleepiness), which have different effects on cerebral evoked
      potentials as well as subjective and objective (MSLT) differences. It is argued
      that in pathophysiological terms narcolepsy may best be considered a disease of
      state boundary control.

PMID- 3704445
TI  - Heart rate and blood pressure changes associated with cataplexy in canine
      narcolepsy.
AB  - Blood pressure and heart rate were monitored in narcoleptic dogs by means of a
      chronically implanted catheter placed in the descending aorta. Changes in these
      variables were recorded during spontaneously occurring cataplectic episodes. We
      found no reliable change in blood pressure associated with cataplexy onset.
      However, heart rate showed a marked increase prior to the onset of cataplexy,
      with peak heart rates being reached at or shortly after the disappearance of
      muscle tone. Autonomic events correlated with increased heart rate may contribute
      to the triggering of cataplexy in narcoleptics.

PMID- 3704446
TI  - Narcolepsy, cataplexy, heart rate, and blood pressure.
AB  - Seven narcoleptic patients had serial measurements of blood pressure taken during
      nocturnal sleep over a period of 2 or 3 successive nights. Blood pressure was
      measured using a Doppler system with a cuff that automatically inflates every 15
      min. There was no difference in the blood pressure measurements throughout the
      night compared with normal control subjects. Blood pressure followed the patterns
      of normal nocturnal variation; there was a nonsignificant increase in REM sleep
      compared with stage 3-4 NREM sleep. Studies of heart rate immediately preceding
      cataplectic attacks were inconclusive in identifying cardiovascular changes
      preceding muscle weakness.

PMID- 3704447
TI  - Erectile dysfunction in narcoleptic patients.
AB  - Many male narcoleptic patients complain of erectile dysfunction related to
      chemotherapy, and some find it so distressing that they fail to continue
      treatments. This is a potentially dangerous situation. We studied the erectile
      capabilities of 28 narcoleptic men who had complaints of erectile dysfunction
      with our objective sleep laboratory measurement of nocturnal penile tumescence
      (NPT) for diagnostic workup. We found that while short REM latency, a classic
      indicator of narcolepsy, was present in all patients, NPT, which is associated
      with REM sleep, did not coincide with the short REM latencies in about half the
      patients. This may be partially due to the fact that first-cycle REM is often not
      accompanied by NPT episodes (even in the control population). We also found that,
      in a few cases, the patients' subjective beliefs about their erectile capacity
      tended to underestimate our measurements. The patients receiving drug treatment
      already had some vasculogenic or neurogenic genital impairment, which probably
      made them more vulnerable to the effects of the drugs. Patients who had none of
      these complications showed similar erectile impairment under the influence of
      medication. Additionally, we found unique manifestations of the disease in three
      drug-free patients; one had cataplectic attacks upon arousal, and two had
      unexplained erectile impairment.

PMID- 3704448
TI  - Comparative polysomnographic study of narcolepsy and idiopathic central nervous
      system hypersomnia.
AB  - Patients with a primary diagnosis of narcolepsy or idiopathic CNS hypersomnia
      seen at Stanford University Sleep Disorders Clinic over a 5-year period were
      studied retrospectively. The two patient groups were compared with respect to
      blood pressure, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) psychological
      profile, nocturnal sleep structure, prevalence and severity of sleep apnea and
      periodic leg movements in sleep, and daytime sleep tendency. Narcoleptic patients
      tended to have higher blood pressure, higher prevalence of abnormally elevated
      MMPI scores, more abbreviated and more disrupted sleep at night, and greater
      daytime sleep tendency. Sleep apnea and periodic leg movements were more
      prevalent in narcoleptic patients, but only periodic leg movements in sleep were
      more prevalent in narcoleptic patients than in the general population. Periodic
      leg movements during REM sleep were observed in more than one-third of
      narcoleptic patients, which may be an important pathophysiologic feature of this
      disorder.

PMID- 3704449
TI  - An alternative to the multiple sleep latency test for determining sleepiness in
      narcolepsy and hypersomnia: polygraphic score of sleepiness.
AB  - This article describes a quantitative assessment of pathological diurnal
      sleepiness in three groups of patients with excessive daytime sleepiness:
      narcoleptic patients, idiopathic hypersomniac patients, hypersomniac patients
      with sleep apnea syndrome. We analyzed polygraphic diurnal recordings of 45 min
      duration obtained under standardized conditions. We called the percentage of
      total sleep time during the 45-min recording the polygraphic index of sleepiness.
      The polygraphic score of sleepiness is determined by the latencies and total
      durations of the individual sleep stages. Because deeper sleep stages correspond
      to more pronounced sleepiness than do superficial sleep stages, we introduced
      coefficients for each sleep stage. We present a formula for calculating a score
      in a single figure that gives a good indication of the patient's sleepiness and
      makes inter- and intraindividual comparison possible. Separate REM and NREM sleep
      scores are also given.

PMID- 3704450
TI  - Sleep apnea in narcolepsy.
AB  - Polysomnographic and multiple sleep latency studies documented recurrent apneic
      episodes during NREM sleep stages 1 and 2 and REM sleep in 11 of 16 narcoleptic
      patients. Episodes were predominantly central, but obstructive and mixed events
      were also observed. Apneas were accompanied by mild to moderate oxygen
      desaturation.

PMID- 3704451
TI  - Treatment of narcolepsy: objective studies on methylphenidate, pemoline, and
      protriptyline.
AB  - Methylphenidate, pemoline, and protriptyline were studied for their treatment
      efficacy in narcolepsy. A low, intermediate, and high dose level of each drug was
      studied for 1 week. For methylphenidate the doses were 10, 30, or 60 mg/day; for
      pemoline, 18.75, 56.25, or 112.5 mg/day; and for protriptyline 10, 30, or 60
      mg/day. The order of dose levels was random from subject to subject and the daily
      dose was divided into thirds and taken in identically appearing capsules morning,
      noon, and afternoon. Subjects were 6 narcoleptic patients studied on
      methylphenidate (5 women and 1 man; mean age 54.5 + 11.7 years), 7 narcoleptic
      patients studied on pemoline (5 women and 2 men; mean age 43.0 + 7.1 years), and
      4 narcoleptic patients studied on protriptyline (2 women and 2 men; mean age 42.5
      + 16.9 years). Testing consisted of day-long sessions occurring at the end of
      each dose level and involving a clinical status questionnaire as well as
      maintenance of wakefulness, Wilkinson addition, and Digit-Symbol Substitution
      tests. Results were compared with 9 control subjects with no sleep disorder (5
      women and 4 men; mean age 39.2 + 8.4 years) who were given placebo that was
      purported to be a "stimulant drug" and tested in a similar manner. Results
      demonstrated profound differences in ability to stay awake and perform between
      narcoleptic patients and controls. Data also suggested that methylphenidate
      significantly improves ability to stay awake. Pemoline seems to improve ability
      to perform. Protriptyline does not significantly alter ability to stay awake or
      to perform.

PMID- 3704452
TI  - Therapeutic effects of mazindol on narcolepsy.
AB  - Mazindol, a new anorexiant, was administered at a daily dose of 0.5-4 mg to 10
      narcoleptic subjects aged 21-63 years. All the patients suffered from sleep
      attacks and one or more of the REM-related symptoms. Eight patients received only
      mazindol, and two patients received mazindol simultaneously with clomipramine or
      flurazepam. Sleep attacks were reduced in nine patients, and cataplexy was also
      markedly reduced in four patients. Mild adverse reactions were reported in six
      patients: two patients complained of headache, four of nocturnal sleep
      disturbance, and two of reduced appetite. Most side effects disappeared
      spontaneously or after dose reduction, and none of the patients had to stop
      medication. The results suggest that mazindol is effective not only for sleep
      attacks but also for cataplexy. It is recommended as a treatment for mild cases
      of narcolepsy.

PMID- 3704453
TI  - Viloxazine hydrochloride in narcolepsy: a preliminary report.
AB  - Twenty-three narcoleptic subjects participated in a single-blind drug study with
      placebo-viloxazine hydrochloride (100 mg/day). One woman discontinued the study
      because of nausea and headaches during the treatment period. The remaining 22
      subjects were polygraphically monitored during baseline, The remaining 22
      subjects were polygraphically monitored during baseline, placebo intake,
      viloxazine treatment, and placebo intake following 48 h of drug withdrawal.
      Symptoms and side effects were evaluated subjectively and objectively. Except for
      the subject who discontinued the study, viloxazine was well tolerated,
      particularly in elderly subjects. The drug had an inhibitory effect on REM sleep,
      cataplexy, and other auxiliary symptoms. While there is no objective evidence
      that it heightens alertness, patients reported fewer sleep attacks.

PMID- 3704454
TI  - Treatment of narcolepsy with gamma-hydroxybutyrate. A review of clinical and
      sleep laboratory findings.
AB  - Previous studies on the effects of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) on the sleep and
      clinical response of patients with narcolepsy are reviewed. New information on 48
      patients treated with GHB for as long as 9 years is presented. These studies
      indicate that 2.25 to 3.00 g of GHB, taken in conjunction with a low dose of a
      stimulant during the day, rapidly alleviate the symptoms of narcolepsy in most
      patients. Tolerance does not develop to this treatment regimen; neither have any
      patients discontinued the treatment because of side effects. In poor responders,
      daytime drowsiness and not cataplexy has been the most common residual symptom.
      Sleep studies reveal that GHB induces REM followed by slow wave sleep. Although
      total sleep time at night may be unchanged, sleep is less fragmented. GHB appears
      to be effective because it can induce the symptoms of narcolepsy and contain them
      at night. It is noteworthy, therefore, that the central biochemical changes
      induced by GHB also appear comparable to those found naturally in narcolepsy.

PMID- 3704455
TI  - AIDS: has the problem been adequately assessed?
AB  - Epidemiologic inferences about the epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
      (AIDS) are developed from three different sources: case-control studies, cohort
      studies, and national data on prevalence and incidence. Together these data imply
      that reducing the number of sexual partners may in itself provide little
      protection. Shifting to a "lower-risk" behavior will only be helpful if the
      cumulative risk of transmitting the virus can be reduced nearly to zero. However,
      if all members of a minimally affected population made such a shift, the benefit
      to that population could be dramatic. The emerging realization that latency
      periods are longer than was first thought implies that the epidemic could be much
      more severe than has been anticipated. Regional trends give no assurance that it
      has reached a peak, even in areas of highest prevalence. Much more work needs to
      be done to establish the actual role of saliva in transmitting HTLV-III because
      oral contagion has the greatest potential to spread the disease. Efforts to
      determine the latency period are crucial to predicting the future of the
      epidemic. Preventive measures--behavior modification and education--hold some
      hope of retarding spread of the epidemic pending development of effective therapy
      or a vaccine.

PMID- 3704456
TI  - Hookworm infection.

PMID- 3704457
TI  - [Non-tumor-related hirsutism in the adult woman: ovarian dystrophy or disorders
      of adrenal gland hormonogenesis?].
AB  - As Yen admits, polycystic ovarian disease (POD) probably has several causes, one
      of which involves an adrenal origin. In 20 out of a group of 45 hirsute women,
      the authors detected a biologic pattern suggesting ovarian dystrophy. Kinetic
      investigation of the adrenal function in these subjects during a synacthen retard
      test detected abnormal adrenal hormone production due to partial enzymatic block:
      in 3 cases of 21-hydroxylase, in 1 case of 11-hydroxylase and in 3 cases of 3
      beta-hydroxydehydrogenase. The existence of the first two types of blockade is
      well established, but that of the third type remains subject to doubt. Systematic
      screening for disorders of this type during ovarian dystrophy would appear to be
      of clinical interest. The frequently empirical prescription of dexamethasone in
      dysovulation in POD cases may find its justification in this phenomenon; the same
      is also true for the use of bromocriptine in 3 beta-hydroxydehydrogenase.

PMID- 3704458
TI  - [Chlamydia trachomatis cervicitis].
AB  - Cervicitis due to Chlamydia trachomatis is common in certain groups of women
      examined by the authors. It is clinically discrete, having no special
      characteristics and often not even showing clinical manifestations. However, it
      is the stage of infection of the genital apparatus which it is desirable to
      detect in order to prevent the serious tubal complications to which a too large
      number of young women is subject. Clinical medicine permits diagnosis and
      prescribes treatment for patients and, if possible, their partners. The principal
      difficulty is to know when to invoke them.

PMID- 3704459
TI  - [Facial paralysis of obstetrical origin. Etiology, evolution].
AB  - In the case of 17 obstetrical facial paralyses occurring in a total of 20,409
      births, the authors have studied the circumstances of their appearance and the
      prognosis for this lesion. It is a rare lesion favoured by asymmetric purchase
      when using articulated forceps. The authors insist that use of Thierry's forceps
      do not harm the facial nerve. They emphasise the possibility that progression may
      not always be favourable.

PMID- 3704460
TI  - [Vaginal evisceration. Apropos of a case].
AB  - The authors report one observation of vaginal evisceration of the small intestine
      which occurred one year after vaginal hysterectomy for uterine prolapse. A review
      of the literature shows the rarity of these cases. The treatment is surgery.

PMID- 3704461
TI  - [Technical autonomy with medicolegal risk for the midwife. Reflections on a
      decision of the Supreme Court of Appeals, 13 December 1983].

PMID- 3704462
TI  - Malignant rhinological tumours in children.

PMID- 3704463
TI  - Open questions in nasal surgery in children.

PMID- 3704464
TI  - Understanding aerodynamics in the correction of the narrow nose.
AB  - Nasal obstruction can be relieved in the prominent and narrow nose by a nasal
      widening procedure called the "let out" based on the "en bloc" mobilization used
      in the "push down" rhinoplasty. Calculations using measurements made on the
      cadaver show that widening of the angle of the liminal valve and an increased
      rigidity of the upper lateral cartilage are responsible for the improved airway
      rather a presumed increase of the cross section of the valve. The associated
      increase of intranasal velocity provides an aerodynamic explanation for certain
      phenomenons observed after cosmetic rhinoplasties. A clinical case is presented
      and the principles of "en bloc" mobilization are shown by line drawings.

PMID- 3704465
TI  - Nasal resistance measured by anterior rhinomanometry.
AB  - The technique and principle of the active anterior rhinomanometry were justified
      by human examination and model experiment. The resistance values obtained from
      anterior method did not always agree with those from posterior one. Causes of the
      disagreement were considered to be distortion of the nostrils, air leakage from
      the apparatus and resistive component in the nasopharynx. These possibilities
      were demonstrated and analyzed in model experiments. The anterior rhinomanometry
      was concluded as a precise and convenient method to assess the conductivity of
      the nasal cavities.

PMID- 3704466
TI  - Some aspects of the secretory activity of the human olfactory glands.
AB  - Two kinds of secretions, both merocrine and apocrine, have been detected in the
      serous adenomeres of the human olfactory glands. While the low-density vesicles
      secrete their products into the glandular lumen by a merocrine way (exocytosis),
      the electron-dense granules are produced by an apocrine mechanism.

PMID- 3704467
TI  - Nasal physiology in children.

PMID- 3704468
TI  - Buruli ulcer: clinical pathological study of 23 patients in Lambarene, Gabon.
AB  - Within one year 23 patients in Lambarene (Gabon) were diagnosed as having a
      Buruli ulcer (advanced cases with undermined margins). The majority of the ulcers
      were found in children; with the exception of one ulcer on the thorax, all
      ulcerations were localised at the extremities. The mode of transmission could not
      be clarified; extensive water tests for Mycobacterium ulcerans were negative.
      Observed under an electron microscope, M. ulcerans has a similar structure as
      other mycobacteria. Exudative inflammatory processes predominate in the ulcer
      floor. The small blood vessels play a considerable role in the pathological
      process. The mycobacteria are present in this layer, below this there is
      widespread necrosis of adipose tissue. The margin of the ulcer displays a
      granulomatous inflammatory reaction. The cytological characteristics of the
      mesenchymal reaction of a Buruli ulcer are described with the aid of electron
      microscope photographs.

PMID- 3704469
TI  - Control of deaths from diarrheal disease in rural communities: II. Motivating and
      monitoring the community.
AB  - In 1980 the Ministry of Health of Egypt undertook a short term investigation into
      means and methods to reduce the annually excessive number of preschool child
      deaths from Diarrheal Disease. This investigation sought to identify ways to
      overcome constraints related to logistics, supplies, and community participation.
      The unifying theme of this study was to examine the feasibility of stressing Oral
      Rehydration Therapy (ORT) instead of the then conventional parenteral treatment
      and heavy use of antibiotics. Study cells were arranged to test feasibility of
      placing responsibility for the intervention primarily with rural mothers,
      secondly with itinerant nurses. Appropriate health education programs, revised
      supervision and data collection systems were developed and implemented. Results
      limited to mortality indicators demonstrating that mothers could affect a
      significant decrease in the diarrhea-specific death rate were reported in an
      earlier paper. In this paper a more comprehensive presentation of various survey
      data associated with the investigation are presented. These data show that
      mothers were indeed able to recognize diarrheal disease and institute early and
      effective treatment, and that they developed remarkable skills of preparing safe
      oral rehydration fluids from home supplies of sugar and salt. In addition, the
      data show that health service staff increasingly gained confidence in ORT as
      demonstrated by increasing rates of utilization of the method, and as mothers
      indicated ORT to be the preferred method of treatment of diarrheal disease.

PMID- 3704470
TI  - Trials on focal molluscicide application in larger irrigation canals and lakes in
      Mali.
AB  - Schistosomiasis transmission in some irrigation schemes in Mali, appears to be
      very focal, and mainly occurs in human water contact sites close to villages. On
      this background, a strategy of focal snail control based on application of
      molluscicide to such sites only, was to be implemented in these areas. However,
      transmission often occurs in larger canals and lakes, and in these habitats focal
      snail control is obviously very difficult. This paper deals with experiments
      carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of focal application of 70% Bayluscide
      wettable powder in such habitats. Bayluscide was applied in two different ways
      depending on snail distribution within the sites. When snails were found in
      marginal vegetation, 2-3 ppm was applied along the shore (to various distances
      from the shore) from 10-40 m upstream from the water contact sites to 10 m
      downstream. In case snails were found in low submerged vegetation, which was very
      common in these habitats, the chemical was applied at 2-4 g (a.i.)/m2 directly
      between the plants. The results indicate that a satisfactory snail-kill can be
      achieved in the target area by this method of Bayluscide application. However,
      the method requires a thorough surveillance for snails and due supervision of the
      application. The time spacing of applications should probably be 4-6 weeks, but
      special situations may necessitate more frequent applications.

PMID- 3704471
TI  - Unresponsiveness of lymphocytes in patent filarial infection: modulation by
      diethylcarbamazine.
AB  - The lymphocytes of lymph nodes and spleen of Mastomys natalensis infected with
      Litomosoides carinii were unresponsive to specific filarial antigens during
      patent stage of the infection. The effect of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) on these
      responses has been investigated. DEC administered orally at 150 mg/day for 5 days
      to the animals reduced markedly the circulating levels of microfilariae. At this
      stage the lymphocyte proliferative responses improved to specific microfilarial
      antigens. On follow-up a month later when the DEC effect waned and microfilaremia
      again sets in, both the lymph node and the spleen cells became unresponsive to
      specific microfilarial antigens. These findings indicate that decrease in
      circulating parasites on treatment with DEC could restore the cellular
      responsiveness to parasite antigens.

PMID- 3704472
TI  - Geographical distribution of the prevalence of nodules of Onchocerca volvulus in
      Guatemala over the last four decades.
AB  - In Guatemala a national nodulectomy campaign has been carried out since 1935 in
      three operational areas, namely the Eastern, Central and Western endemic zones.
      The prevalence of nodules was calculated in each 1 km grid square in these zones
      in each decade and plotted on mesh maps. A total of nine foci of high endemicity,
      three in each operational area, was found in the decade 1940-49. Nodule
      prevalence was concentric in each endemic focus; high in the centre and gradually
      falling towards periphery. The foci were found mainly on Tertiary or Quaternary
      Tertiary volcanic rocks in the Eastern and Central zones, or on non-carbonate
      sedimentary rocks in the Western zone. Nodule carriers were found at altitudes
      from 220 to 2200 m above sea level. The altitude of the foci of high endemicity
      varied, being low in the Eastern zone, medium in the Central zone and high in the
      Western zone. The nodule prevalence declined from the decade 1940-49 to the
      decade 1970-79 in most of the grid squares. The Santa Rosa focus in the Eastern
      zone virtually disappeared before 1970. The extent of endemic area having a
      nodule prevalence of 1% or higher decreased from 2384 km2 in the decade 1940-49
      to 1424 km2 in the decade 1970-79. The area recommended for vector control
      operation against Simulium ochraceum was estimated at 803 km2.

PMID- 3704473
TI  - The epidemiology of onchocerciasis in the Tukuyu Valley, South West Tanzania.
AB  - In the Tukuyu valley in Tanzania 21 villages were surveyed and 2,043 people were
      examined. In total village populations aged 1 year and over, the highest
      prevalence of 62.8% (49/78) was found near the Lufilyo River, corresponding to
      the highest transmission potential. Villages with higher endemicity were not
      found and there was no difference in blindness rates between villages with little
      or onchocerciasis and those with mesoendemic onchocerciasis.

PMID- 3704474
TI  - The prevalence of Onchocerca spp. in cattle in northern Togo in 1979.
AB  - The prevalences of three species of Onchocerca parasitising the Somba race of
      cattle occurring in the Kara region in northern Togo were investigated.
      Onchocerca ochengi was common in the cattle rearing areas of Keran (42% of head
      infected) and Kozah (29% of head infected). The prevalences of O. dukei ranged
      from 35 to 73.5% and of O. gutturosa from 23.2 to 49.1%. No differences were
      noted in the percent of bulls and cows parasitised.

PMID- 3704475
TI  - Development of a method for the cytological identification of man-biting sibling
      species within the Simulium damnosum complex.
AB  - A method is described for the preparation of adult Malpighian tubule polytene
      chromosomes from members of the Simulium damnosum complex. This method was used
      to show that the banding pattern is conserved between adult and larval tissues,
      and consequently it has been possible to demonstrate that within the S.
      sanctipauli subcomplex both S. soubrense 'B' and S. sanctipauli bite humans. The
      degree tubule development is correlated with the gonotrophic cycle and appears to
      be dependent on food source. This suggests that there is a physiological stage
      which is optimum for obtaining maximum polyteny for cytotaxonomy.

PMID- 3704476
TI  - Species identification of blood-meals from tsetse flies (Glossinidae): results
      1979-1985.
AB  - Results from species identification of almost 6,000 tsetse fly blood-meals are
      reported. Regarding Glossina palpalis and G. pallidipes, it was shown that the
      preference of tsetse flies for certain host species differed according to the
      sampling area. Consequently, results from blood-meal identification are to be
      interpreted with this point in view.

PMID- 3704477
TI  - [The pyramidal trap for collecting and controlling tsetse flies (Diptera:
      Glossinidae). Comparative trials and description of new collecting technics].
AB  - The pyramidal trap, currently being used in the Congo by the Public Health
      Service, is between two and five times more efficient than the biconical trap in
      this country. This is the case in particular for collecting the sleeping sickness
      vector species Glossina palpalis palpalis and G. fuscips quanzensis. Its simple
      and robust construction makes this trap ideally suitable for the large scale
      control of tsetse flies. Its efficiency and ease of transport make it useful for
      the biologist and the epidemiologist. The authors describe a new collecting
      technique for killing and preserving flies, that permits a follow-up of the
      evolution of catches and avoids the use of insecticides. Advantages of this
      technique are the following: each trap can be moved to more suitable positions
      within the focus of the disease; the count of trapped flies permits a direct
      evaluation of the effectiveness of control.

PMID- 3704478
TI  - Dynamics of monoclonal antibody distribution and prolonged tumour localisation in
      nude mice bearing a human CEA-producing colon carcinoma xenograft.
AB  - A new monoclonal anti-CEA antibody (1H12) has been raised which has localising
      characteristics in a human colon tumour xenograft which could make it suitable
      for human immuno-radiotherapy. The amount of 1H12 localising in tumour reached
      about 5% of the injected dose by 7 hours. This rate appeared to be related to the
      concentration of 1H12 in the blood pool since non-excretory normal organs such as
      colon and stomach accumulated similar amounts up to 4 hours. Whereas 1H12 was
      lost from normal organs after 4 hours, the amount in the tumour continued to
      increase slightly reaching a maximum concentration of 6.5% of the injected dose
      by day 9. Prolonged retention of 1H12 in tumour enabled increasing tumour: normal
      tissue ratios to be attained during the residence time of the antibody thus
      providing scope for maximising the dose of radiation delivered to tumour cells.
      Preliminary dose escalation showed that up to 500 micrograms of 1H12 could be
      administered with increasing concentrations of antibody localising in tumour.
      Saturation of the tumour site was evident in only one mouse where 1.09 micrograms
      of 1H12 actually localised--equivalent to 60 micrograms per gram of tumour.

PMID- 3704479
TI  - [Pubertal maturation: growth and sexual development. Clinical aspects].

PMID- 3704480
TI  - [Absence and delay of puberty].

PMID- 3704482
TI  - [The psychological crisis of adolescence].

PMID- 3704483
TI  - [The first years of menstruation].

PMID- 3704481
TI  - [Precocious puberty].

PMID- 3704484
TI  - [Cerebral phlebitis].

PMID- 3704485
TI  - [Current developments in Parkinson's disease].

PMID- 3704486
TI  - [Epilepsy in alcoholics].

PMID- 3704487
TI  - [Prognostic factors in aphasia].

PMID- 3704488
TI  - [Mechanisms of defense of the peritoneum].

PMID- 3704489
TI  - [Primary peritonitis].

PMID- 3704490
TI  - [Peritonitis caused by gastrointestinal perforations].

PMID- 3704491
TI  - [Biliary peritonitis].

PMID- 3704492
TI  - [Nontuberculous infectious peritonitis of gynecological origin].

PMID- 3704493
TI  - [Postoperative peritonitis].

PMID- 3704495
TI  - [The psychology of the dying].

PMID- 3704494
TI  - [Prevention of all the troubles of the dying].

PMID- 3704496
TI  - [The family attending the dying patient].

PMID- 3704497
TI  - [Bereavement].

PMID- 3704498
TI  - Correlations between insulin antibodies and the HLA system in a group of type I
      diabetic patients in Bucharest.
AB  - Investigations were carried out in Bucharest in 102 patients with insulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in order to verify the possible existence of a
      relationship between the HLA system and the level of insulin antibodies. The A
      and B loci were tested with monospecific antisera, using PEC as a separation
      agent for the determination of the insulin antibody titer. Group I, without
      antibodies (34 cases), presented: HLA-B7 (18.89% of total specificities), A3
      (11.02%), A1 and B5 (8.74% each), etc.: for haplotypes the following were found:
      HLA-A3/B7 (9.91% of the total haplotypes), A2/B7 (8.26%), A1/B7 (5.78%). Group II
      (50 cases) with low or medium titers (less than 30% binding) included: HLA-B7
      (20.47%), A2 (11.88%), (A1 (9.44%), B5 (8.74%), and haplotypes: HLA-A2/B7
      (8.88%), A1/B7 (7.22%), A3/B7 (6.11%). Group III (18 cases), with high antibody
      titers (greater than 30% binding), presented: HLA-B7 (20.28%), A1 and A2 (11.59%
      each), A10 (10.14%), and haplotypes: HLA-A1/B7 (10.60%), A2/B7 and A10/B7 (9.09%
      each), A3 B7, A2 B5 and A10/B5, (6.06% each). Irrespective of the insulin
      antibody titer, B7 antigen surprisingly appeared predominant in our cases.
      Moreover, a marked tendency of A1, and to a certain extent of A2, to increase in
      terms of the titer was noted in parallel with a significant decrease of A3.

PMID- 3704499
TI  - A prospective study of postacute viral hepatitis: the role of HBsAg.
AB  - Twenty-two patients with HBsAg positive acute viral hepatitis have been followed
      up for two years after the acute episode. Besides the usual clinical,
      pathological and biological examinations, the following tests were carried out:
      serum HBsAg: circulating T and B lymphocytes: serum IgG, IgA, IgM: leukocyte
      migration test to HBsAg; serum complement: autoantibodies, rheumatoid factors,
      cryoglobulins, alpha-fetoprotein. Serum HBsAg persistence was correlated with
      some features of the acute episode: protracted clinical form: recurrences or
      relapses; splenomegaly; decrease of circulating T-lymphocytes; presence of
      lymphocyte sensibilization to HBsAg. Among the seven serum HBsAg carriers, three
      developed a chronic hepatitis. The state of healthy chronic HBsAg carrier was
      associated with high levels of serum IgA (over 300 IU/ml). A chronic hepatitis
      has been also diagnosed in four out of the 15 patients who cleared their serum
      HBsAg. The presence, on the one hand, of a chronic hepatitis among the patients
      who cleared their HBsAg and, on the other hand, its absence in some of the HBsAg
      carriers suggest that HBsAg persistence is not a sine qua non condition for the
      development of the chronic liver disease. The onset of autoimmune phenomena due
      to the disturbance of immunologic homeostasis and perhaps other genetic or
      environmental factors seemingly allow the perpetuation of a hepatic damage.

PMID- 3704500
TI  - A necroptic study of the prevalence of cholelithiasis in liver cirrhosis.
AB  - The prevalence of cholelithiasis in liver cirrhosis was analyzed on 1320
      consecutive necropsies which included 245 subjects with gallstones and 133 with
      liver cirrhosis. Gallstones were found in 24.8% of the cirrhotics, a prevalence
      significantly higher than in noncirrhotic subjects (17.8%) (p less than 0.05),
      and were more frequent in cirrhosis for all age-groups. The mean age of death was
      lower in cirrhotic than in noncirrhotic subjects (p less than 0.05). It was also
      lower, but without statistical significance, in cirrhotics without gallstones
      than in cirrhotics having gallstones. The ratio between lithiasic women and men
      was 0.8/1 in liver cirrhosis, as compared to 1.6/1 in noncirrhotic subjects. The
      proportion of pigment stones was significantly increased in liver cirrhosis
      (47.5%) (p less than 0.02). Chronic hemolysis secondary to hypersplenism, a know
      lithogenic factor in liver cirrhosis, might account for the predominance of
      pigment stones in this disease. Other lithogenic factors could be
      hyperestrogenism, changes in the proportion of biliary lipids etc. Complications
      of gallstones occurred less frequently in cirrhotic than in noncirrhotic
      patients, but complications of cholecystectomy represented the cause of death in
      27.2% of cirrhotics as compared to 14.0% of noncirrhotic patients (p less than
      0.02). These observations argue for a conservative, non-surgical attitude towards
      silent or uncomplicated gallstones in cirrhotic patient.

PMID- 3704501
TI  - Presence of atherosclerotic lesions connected with the coronary artery lumen.
AB  - Starting from five accidental observations made on isolated tissue sections on
      the existence of "anchored" lesions in the coronary arteries of adolescents and
      young adults, 47 selected coronary artery samples removed from subjects 16-40
      years old were submitted to a three-dimensional investigation. Based on serial
      sections and sequential camera lucida drawings, the geometry, diameters and
      spatial connections of 42 intimal necrotic areas were recorded. All these lesions
      appeared in a three-dimensional plane connected with the coronary artery lumen by
      one or several necrotic bands which seemed to communicate freely with the luminal
      cavity. The role of "anchored" lesions of young subjects as precursors of lipid
      rich centers of fibronecrotic plaques of mature adults and elderly people is
      stressed.

PMID- 3704502
TI  - Contribution to the early diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.
AB  - The authors present the results of an investigation for diabetes mellitus (DM),
      in a selected group of 9,901 persons at high risk for the disease, using oral
      glucose tolerance test (OGTT). In the group investigated they included 4,753
      diabetic blood relatives, 4,123 obese patients and 935 women who delivered big
      babies. The percentage of diagnosed DM was 30.58 for the entire group, with
      variations between: 39.47 in the obese, 27.27 in women with macrosomia, and
      23.35% in the diabetic blood relatives. The results showed the value of OGTT as a
      diagnostic tool, the importance of early diagnosis and the necessity of careful
      long time follow-up of the newly diagnosed diabetics.

PMID- 3704503
TI  - Exercise tests in labile hypertensive patients.
AB  - From a collectivity of 17,256 subjects below the age of 30 years, 80 subjects
      with labile hypertension (LH) were selected. The LH subjects were subjected to
      exercise test and the response of arterial blood pressure (BP) was followed up.
      The data obtained were compared with similar determinations carried out in a
      group of normotensive subjects. The mean value of systolic blood pressure (SBP)
      on exercise in the normal subjects was 171.0 +/- 2.9 mmHg and that of diastolic
      blood pressure (DBP) was 77.5 + 1.5 mmHg. The LH subjects presented, on exercise
      increases of both SBP and DBP in 35 cases (43.7%), increase of only SBP in 10
      cases (12.5%) and "normal" type response in 35 cases (43.7%). In these subjects
      the mean value of SBP, on exercise, was 191.0 +/- 2.6 mmHg (p less than 0.001 as
      compared with the normal) and that of DBP was 90.0 +/- 1.9 mmHg (p less than
      0.001 as compared with the normal). The above data proved that the LH subjects
      represented a group distinct from the normal subjects. The LH subjects presented
      a bimodal percent distribution of SBP and DBP on exercise, suggesting the
      existence of two subgroups one with "normal" type BP response the other with
      "hypertensive" type response. The BP response to exercise represents a simple
      test for the detection of abnormal BP increases. The authors consider as fully
      justified a longitudinal study of LH subjects. The exercise test might have a
      predictive value in detecting the early signs of essential hypertension.

PMID- 3704504
TI  - Influence of pregnancy, birth and abortion on the evolution of systemic lupus
      erythematosus.
AB  - The effect of pregnancy, birth and abortion on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
      was studied in 225 patients with or without a history of pregnancy and abortion.
      It was observed that pregnancy, birth and abortion aggravate the evolution of
      disease in patients with active SLE. The tissue autoantibodies studies presented
      a low titer in patients in whom pregnancy had occurred in the course of disease.
      Antimeasles antibodies presented a high titer in patients with a history of
      gestation. These data suggest that gestation induces immune changes which
      aggravate SLE.

PMID- 3704505
TI  - Colchicine treatment effects on liver cirrhosis assessed by liver blood flow
      measurements.
AB  - Hepatic fibrosis is common in all chronic liver diseases. This fibrosis induces
      morphological, functional and hemodynamic changes. Among the antifibrotic drugs,
      colchicine gave the most encouraging results. In a group of 22 patients with
      liver cirrhosis, the hemodynamic changes were studied before and after 24 months
      of antifibrotic treatment with colchicine (1 mg daily, 5 days a week). The liver
      blood flow (LBF) was estimated every year by a noninvasive radioisotopic method.
      After colchicine therapy the determinations showed, an obvious improvement of the
      liver blood flow with an increase of K (from 0.159 to 0.1678) (p less than 0.001)
      and a per cent decrease of delta from 44 to 32 (p less than 0.001), thus showing
      an improvement of the liver blood supply. The simultaneous and favourable changes
      of the liver biochemical tests and of the sinusoidal hemodynamic parameters
      strongly suggest that the perfusion improvement, induced by a loss of liver
      collagen, might explain the tendency of the biochemical data to resume normal
      values.

PMID- 3704507
TI  - [Liver complications caused by D-penicillamine. Apropos of a case].
AB  - The complications of D-penicillamine are rare. It generally consists of
      reversible cholestatic hepatitis which may, however, be fatal. The authors report
      a typical case with a benign outcome and with concomitant signs of cutaneous
      intolerance with eosinophilia. The definite role of D-penicillamine was confirmed
      by the re-introduction of the drug.

PMID- 3704506
TI  - "Ulcosilvanil"--an inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase--associated with adrenergic
      beta-blockers in the treatment of duodenal ulcers.
AB  - Knowing the in vivo inhibitory effect of the beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists on
      gastric mucosa carbonic anhydrase and the high clinical efficacy of
      "Ulcosilvanil" in the healing of gastric and duodenal ulcers, the authors
      combined propranolol with smaller doses of "Ulcosilvanil" in 925 active duodenal
      ulcer patients, divided into four groups. The first 236 patients were treated
      with small doses of "Ulcosilvanil" (20 mg/kg b.w./day active substance), the
      second group (of 258 cases) with high doses (35 mg/kg b.w./day) of
      "Ulcosilvanil", the third one (182 subjects) with propranolol only (60 mg/day)
      and the fourth group (349 patients) with small doses of "Ulcosilvanil" associated
      with 60 mg/day propranolol. Pain disappeared in all the cases of groups 1,2 and 4
      after 3-6 days of treatment and in 40% of the third group. Basal acid output
      decreased, after 10 days of treatment, from 6.15 +/- 1.57 to 1.94 +/- 0.66 mEq/h
      in the first group (p less than 0.001), from 7.98 +/- 2.34 to 0.01 +/- 0.01 mEq/h
      in the second group (p less than 0.001), from 6.43 +/- 2.45 to 2.09 +/- 0.50
      mEq/h in the third group (p less than 0.02) and from 6.76 +/- 2.80 to 0.011 +/-
      0.01 mEq/h in the fourth group (p less than 0.001). Endoscopic healing was
      achieved, after 14 days of treatment, respectively in 78.5%, 92.4%, 51.6% and
      88.41%; this percentages increased to 82.3%, 96.8%, 68.1% and 93.5% after 21 day
      of treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3704508
TI  - [3 cases of obliterating bronchiolitis during treatment of rheumatoid
      polyarthritis with D-penicillamine].
AB  - The authors report three cases of bronchiolitis obliterans occurring during
      treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with D-penicillamine after 4, 6 and 8 months of
      treatment and when the rheumatoid arthritis was in a state of remission. None of
      these patients (2 sero-positive and 1 sero-negative) present any past history of
      pulmonary or bronchial disease. The daily dosage of D-penicillamine never
      exceeded 600 mg. High dose corticosteroid therapy was unable to improve the
      clinical signs or the respiratory function tests, which were severely disturbed.
      After 15 months to 3 years, the respiratory signs deteriorated in 2 of the 3
      patients. The onset of dyspnea and cough, in the absence of a seasonal infection,
      in a subject treated with D-penicillamine should raise the possibility of this
      very serious complication.

PMID- 3704509
TI  - [Sulfhydryl maintenance treatment in rheumatoid polyarthritis. A series of 120
      cases followed for 10 years and a study of possibilities of changing the drug].
AB  - The authors present a series of 120 cases of sero-positive rheumatoid arthritis
      followed for ten years and treated with D-penicillamine, gold salts and
      pyrithioxine used either alone or sequentially after stopping one of these
      treatments because of failure, intolerance or escape. This series can be broken
      down as follows: 13% of patients are under treatment after ten years, 27% had a
      favourable result with one of the three treatments for five to ten years, 59% had
      a poor result (less than 5 years) or no effect. However, it appeared that a
      failure or an escape from one of these products did not signify a failure with
      another product and side effects did not necessarily recur with a change of
      treatment.

PMID- 3704510
TI  - [Treatment of systemic scleroderma with D-penicillamine. Results in 14 patients
      treated for more than a year].
AB  - The authors review the theoretical bases for the treatment of systemic
      scleroderma (SS) by D-penicillamine (DP). They then present a review of the
      papers published over the last 20 years on the subject. Although Rodnan's team
      has conducted studies against a control series and the majority of published
      works have concluded on the effectiveness of this treatment, there has not been
      any randomised prospective study, to date, to clearly demonstrate this
      effectiveness. The authors report a series of 14 patients with SS treated for a
      mean of 2 years with 900 mg/day of DP. DP seemed to be effective on the cutaneous
      lesions in 12 of the patients treated at a maximum of 3 years after the frank
      onset of the disease. Treatment failed in 2 patients who were only treated late
      in the disease. Objective results were obtained on the pulmonary lesion, but they
      are more difficult to interpret. 5 patients had to interrupt DP treatment because
      of intolerance. Tiopronine was tried in 4 of these patients with 3 interpretables
      follow-ups. This agent was well tolerated and effective in 2 of these 3 patients.

PMID- 3704511
TI  - [Tiopronine and rheumatoid polyarthritis].
AB  - This article summarises the authors' experience and the data of the literature
      concerning Tiopronine, a drug with a thiol function like D-penicillamine, in the
      treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Two controlled trials versus placebo and two
      controlled trials versus D-penicillamine demonstrated the effectiveness of
      treatment and the identical action of 1 g of Tiopronine and 600 mg of D
      penicillamine. The side effects of Tiopronine are very similar to those of D
      penicillamine: essentially rash, toxiderma, aguestia, proteinuria, which resolve
      when treatment is stopped. Patients with a past history of side effects with D
      penicillamine have an increased risk of developing side effects with Tiopronine,
      but this risk is not systematic, which constitutes the principal value of this
      drug.

PMID- 3704512
TI  - [Pyrithioxin and rheumatoid polyarthritis].
AB  - After reviewing the literature, the authors demonstrate that pyrithioxine is
      active in rheumatoid arthritis. The effectiveness is marked by a 50 per cent
      reduction in the articular index in 59.7 per cent of cases, a reduction in the
      duration of morning stiffness in 49 per cent of cases, a decreased erythrocyte
      sedimentation rate in 52.4 per cent of cases and a statistically significant
      decrease in the mean of these parameters in relation to the mean value at the
      beginning of treatment. The good results were considered to be those cases in
      which two of the three criteria (articular index, morning stiffness and
      erythrocyte sedimentation rate) were decreased by at least 50 per cent. Secondary
      escapes from treatment (13 per cent) and suspension of treatment for intolerance
      were considered to represent treatment failures. A good result was obtained in
      42.7 per cent of cases. Side effects were observed in 40.1 per cent of cases and
      were responsible for suspension of treatment in 22.8 per cent of cases. Half of
      the side effects consisted of muco-cutaneous reactions which generally appeared
      early and were benign. Haematological, renal and gastrointestinal effects and
      aguestia occurred more rarely. However, a number of patients died as a result of
      agranulocytosis, hepatitis or extramembranous glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 3704513
TI  - [Value of the detection of rheumatoid factors by an immunoenzyme technic in
      patients with rheumatoid polyarthritis].

PMID- 3704514
TI  - [Role of phagocytic cells in rheumatoid polyarthritis].
AB  - Three groups of subjects were selected for this study. Patients suffering from
      rheumatoid arthritis (RA) diagnosed according to the criteria of the ARA (mean: 6
      criteria) and treated with gold salts. Control subjects treated with one type of
      non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (diclofenac). Healthy subjects receiving no
      treatment. The granulocytes and monocytes in the peripheral blood were tested
      separately for the ingestion of 3 types of particles and for the stimulation of
      the production of the superoxide anion. In the patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis, all of the phagocytic cells had a normal phagocytic response and a
      normal superoxide anion production. The serum of the patients did not inhibit the
      activity of these cells. Diclofenac did not act on phagocytosis or on the
      oxidative activity of the control cells. It is therefore logical to consider that
      the phagocytic cells are involved in RA via other mechanisms of action.

PMID- 3704515
TI  - [Psoriatic spondylarthritis with aortic insufficiency].

PMID- 3704516
TI  - [D-penicillamine in the treatment of rheumatoid polyarthritis. 104 cases with a 5
      year follow-up].
AB  - 104 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were treated by D-penicillamine and were
      followed for 5 years after the start of treatment. At the end of the 5th year, 27
      patients (26 per cent) are still taking the treatment with satisfactory results;
      47 patients (45 per cent) had to stop treatment because of intolerance; 15
      patients (14.5 per cent) stopped treatment because of escape or because of a poor
      therapeutic result and 15 patients (14.5 per cent) could not be evaluated. In the
      patients treated for 5 years with a satisfactory result, there was a regular
      decrease in the articular index which was statistically significant during the
      first two years of treatment. The variations in the erythrocyte sedimentation
      rate were less spectacular: it only decreased significantly during the first
      year. The variations in the serum levels of rheumatoid factor were irregular.
      Systemic corticosteroid therapy was able to be stopped in 6 out of 7 cases. The
      authors did not observe any significant correlation between the results of
      treatment and the age of onset of the rheumatoid arthritis, the articular index,
      or the initial erythrocyte sedimentation rate. In contrast, the mean history of
      the disease was significantly shorter in the patients with a satisfactory result
      at the 5th year. The majority of suspensions of treatment took place during the
      first 2 years of treatment and were motivated by intolerance reactions, in
      particular renal intolerance. Whatever the reason for the suspension of
      treatment, it was not influenced by the history of the rheumatoid arthritis, the
      rheumatoid serology, the sex of the patient or the maximal dosage of D
      penicillamine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3704517
TI  - [Aseptic loosening of a total hip prosthesis].
AB  - Detachment of a total hip prosthesis, whether or not it is cemented, presents as
      an abnormal mobility between the implant and the bone. Mechanical pain, which may
      be continuous from the time of the operation or which may appear after a variable
      pain free period, is the usual presenting symptom. Clinical examination may
      induce the pain by forced rotation, by a shaking maneuver or by traction
      impaction of the lower limb. The most suggestive signs of detachment of the
      prosthesis are the inability to extend the limb and the instability of weight
      bearing on one foot. At this stage, the findings of radiological and laboratory
      investigations are able to characterise the type of detachment and its septic or
      aseptic nature. Two clinical situations can be defined on the basis of this
      survey: the diagnosis of detachment is obvious due to rupture or fracture of the
      prosthesis, of the cement or of the bone, by displacement of the prosthetic
      elements or by the destruction of the bone in contact with the prosthetic
      elements; the diagnosis may be suspected and can be confirmed by careful
      comparative analysis with the initial films or by further investigations: dynamic
      tests, scintigraphy, arthrography under traction and possibly coxonar. There are
      a number of causes of detachment: poor positioning, incorrect conception or
      design of the prosthesis, poor bony support and host reaction to the
      implant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3704518
TI  - [Infections of total hip prostheses].
AB  - The author recalls the progress which has been made over the last fifteen years
      in relation to the incidence of infection following total hip arthroplasty. A
      classification of this complication is proposed which distinguishes between early
      infections, late infections, in the strict sense of the term, and secondary
      infections which are by far the most frequent. In fact, the first two forms are
      rare and develop acutely following massive contamination either during the
      operation or in relation to a distant focus of infection. These infections
      require early treatment and can be cured with preservation of the prosthesis in
      the most successful cases. Secondary infections have a much more insidious
      development. It is important to be aware of the clinical and, most importantly,
      the radiological signs of this complications in order to avoid the severe bone
      lesions which make the insertion of a new prosthesis very difficult.

PMID- 3704519
TI  - [Mycobacterial infection of the hip following total prosthesis. Study of 6
      cases].
AB  - The authors present 6 cases of mycobacterial infection of the hip after total hip
      replacement: 5 cases of tuberculosis and 1 case of Mycobacterium fortuitum
      infection. They emphasise the clinical, radiological, bacteriological and
      histological signs which are generally very characteristic and unequivocal. A
      review of the literature reveals the rarity of these infections, but stresses the
      need for a complete bacteriological survey to avoid missing the diagnosis. A
      routine medicosurgical therapeutic approach is proposed.

PMID- 3704520
TI  - [Fatigue fractures of the obturator frame following hip arthroplasty].

PMID- 3704521
TI  - [Replacement of a failed total hip prosthesis].
AB  - At the present time, apart from infectious complication, failed total hip
      prosthesis essentially consist of detached prosthesis. On the basis of their
      experience of eight thousand arthroplasties, including more than 6,000 Charnley
      prosthesis, performed over a period of 18 years, the authors propose three basic
      principles designed to ensure a long term satisfactory result: steel on
      polyethylene prosthesis, diameter 22 and fixation with acrylic cement. They
      consider that this approach can offer a second chance to patients with a detached
      prosthesis, especially when the technique of the first arthroplasty was faulty or
      if a poor quality prosthesis was used. The authors' experience has confirmed that
      the second operation should aim to restore an arthroplasty as close as possible
      to normal anatomy. The authors have satisfactorily achieved this aim by the wide
      use of homografts.

PMID- 3704522
TI  - [Legionnaire's disease in a patient with lupus].

PMID- 3704523
TI  - [Incidence of topographical variations in gonarthroses].

PMID- 3704524
TI  - [Agenesis of the first row of carpal bones with poly-epiphyseal dysmorphism].

PMID- 3704525
TI  - [The contribution of computerized tomography to synovial pathology].
AB  - The authors have developed a technique of CT arthroscan which, by the use of a
      gas or opaque contrast medium, is able to demonstrate the synovial structures of
      the knee, the shoulder and the hip. Among the essential indications, they include
      the demonstration of neoplasia of the synovium and the evaluation of the pannus
      in rheumatoid arthritis. Their secondary indications include the demonstration of
      fluid effusions in the hip, the precise evaluation of hyperostotic lesions in the
      same joint, the detection of ossification phenomena in the capsule of the inter
      apophyseal joints in ankylosing spondylitis and, in some cases, following
      negative or doubtful arthrography for the detection of synovial plica. They also
      recall the usefulness or the arthroscan in the diagnosis of lesions of the labrum
      glenoidale.

PMID- 3704526
TI  - [The value of data processing in the computerized scanning of benign focal
      lesions of bone].

PMID- 3704527
TI  - [Estimate of the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis based on a rheumatology study
      in the district of Angers].
AB  - The prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis is generally estimated to be 1 per cent,
      despite the marked differences between the various results published according to
      the survey techniques and the epidemiological criteria employed. The present
      survey consisted of patients from the target population (the 248,009 inhabitants
      of Angers over the age of 15 years), who had been examined by one of the hospital
      or private rheumatologists working in Angers between 1960 and 1984 and who were
      considered to be suffering from inflammatory rheumatism. The cases of rheumatoid
      arthritis included in this survey were still alive and were living in Angers
      between January 1 and June 30 1984 and corresponded to at least two of the New
      York criteria. The prevalence determined according to this technique was 0.17 per
      cent for two criteria and 0.11 per cent for three criteria. After discussing the
      bias and the particular conditions of the study, it appears that these
      particularly low levels are essentially related to: a recruitment bias due to the
      limitation of the survey to patients seen by rheumatologists, to the choice of
      New York criteria and more especially of 3 criteria which increases the
      specificity of the survey at the expense of the sensitivity, to the long
      observation (mean of 10.4 years) which contributed to a reduction in the number
      of false positives. The validity of this study is supported by the comparison
      with the study by O'Sullivan et al. also based 2 New York criteria with a follow
      up of 3 to 5 years, which concluded on a prevalence of 0.24 per cent compared
      with 0.17 per cent in Angers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3704528
TI  - [Radiology in complicated painful total hip prosthesis].

PMID- 3704529
TI  - [L4 crural neuralgia and disc hernia of the L4-L5 intervertebral foramen].
AB  - Discal L4 crural neuralgia is conventionally considered secondary to a hernia of
      the L3-L4 disc. Now, another source of discoradicular conflict exists on the path
      of the L4 root: hernia of the link canal of the L4-L5 canal through which the
      root leaves the rachidian canal. Of 27 discal neuralgias operated upon, 9 were
      linked to a hernia of the L3-L4 disc, while 18 were secondary to a hernia of the
      L4-L5 foramen, that is 2 foramina hernias for 1 "intrarachidian" hernia. The
      diagnostic difficulties resulting from foramina hernias probably reflect a rarity
      that is more apparent than real. The etiology of crural neuralgia is
      conventionally sought at the L3-L4 disc. This search is often unsuccessful: one
      speaks of "essential crural neuralgia". The scanner provides the only certain way
      of revealing foramina hernias, and will probably detect increasing numbers and
      thus reduce the number of "idiopathic crural neuralgias".

PMID- 3704530
TI  - [Unusual indications for scanning in osteoarticular pathology].
AB  - The authors take stock of current applications of the scanner in osteoarticular
      pathology. At first (1978-1983 approximately), only the vertebral column could be
      studied by this technique. Now, almost all the osteoarticular system is
      susceptible to study. Established examples are: study of the sacrum, of the
      traumatized acetabulum, of the femoropatellar apparatus, and measurement of
      torsion in the lower limbs. New applications are: study of the back of the foot,
      of the patellar cartilage, of the glenoid cavity, of the bones and soft parts of
      the hand, three-dimensional reconstructions, scanning radiology. The authors
      index and analyse these new techniques.

PMID- 3704531
TI  - [Erythema elevatum diutinum with joint manifestations].

PMID- 3704532
TI  - [Thrombosis of the superior longitudinal sinus after sacculoradiculography with
      iopamidol].

PMID- 3704533
TI  - [New trends in the teaching of clinical medicine].

PMID- 3704534
TI  - [Dynamics of phenoltetrachlorophthalein excretion into bile in Wistar rats].

PMID- 3704535
TI  - [Work capacity (W170), the step test and anthropometric indicators in new members
      of the Youth Training Centers--rowing in 1978-1983].

PMID- 3704536
TI  - [Ventricular gradient. I. Theory].

PMID- 3704537
TI  - The central auditory conduction at term date and three months after birth. II.
      Auditory brainstem response.
AB  - This communication describes the results of auditory brainstem responses (ABRs)
      obtained in 25 healthy mature newborns with a follow-up at 3 months of age. The
      combination of ipsi- and contralateral recordings, the intensity series and the
      comparison with the composite group averages are useful for the identification of
      the separate ABR components. Differences between the records after right or left
      ear stimulation were not observed. Comparing our data with those obtained by
      others, we conclude that the interpeak latency differences (IPLDs) offer a more
      consistent measure of ABR latency values than the peak latencies measured from
      stimulus onset. The simultaneously recorded ABRs ipsi- and contralateral to
      stimulation show both at term, and at 3 months, an equal central conduction time.
      The ABR II-V complex shows contralaterally a significant shift compared with the
      ipsilateral II-V complex. The significant latency changes observed between term
      and at 3 months are due mainly to the latency decrease in the II-III IPLD.

PMID- 3704538
TI  - Practical considerations in the fabrication of earmoulds for young babies.
AB  - The practicalities of fabricating earmoulds for young babies (under the age of 3
      months) have been investigated. The results indicate that earmoulds can be
      satisfactorily fabricated provided there are changes in approach in the
      fabrication procedure. This applies in both the ear impression taking and in the
      format of the final earmould.

PMID- 3704539
TI  - Comparison of tympanometry and otomicroscopy during healing of otitis media.
AB  - One hundred ears in 50 children with acute otitis media during healing were
      examined with tympanometry and the objective measures were compared with the
      subjective evaluation of otomicroscopy by four otolaryngologists independently.
      Tympanometric findings could more often correctly suggest reduced tympanic
      membrane mobility than did otomicroscopy, but both methods gave an equally good
      indication of middle ear effusion. However, otomicroscopy was necessary when
      evaluating the colour and the appearance of the tympanic membrane and revealed
      middle ear effusion in a few cases with 'normal' tympanometry. As a rule: normal
      tympanometry (Jerger type A) was closely correlated with a normal tympanic
      membrane and a normal middle ear without effusion; pathological tympanometry
      (Jerger type B) was accompanied by middle ear effusion and needed follow-up; ears
      with tympanometric pressure more negative than -150 mmH2O but more positive than
      a flat curve needed otomicroscopy to identify middle ear effusion.

PMID- 3704540
TI  - Problems in the clinical measurement of acoustic reflex latency.
AB  - Two problems in the clinical measurement of acoustic reflex latency are
      discussed. First, the rise characteristic of the reflex is affected by the
      frequency of the eliciting signal. Due to the closed ipsilateral feedback loop
      system the reflex rises more rapidly at low frequencies than at high frequencies.
      Second, the temporal characteristic of the measurement apparatus may influence
      the apparent morphology of the reflex at low frequencies.

PMID- 3704541
TI  - Irreversible ototoxic effect of erythromycin.
AB  - Between 30 and 40 cases of reversible ototoxic side effects of erythromycin
      therapy have been reported previously but to our knowledge none with irreversible
      adverse reactions. A case of persistent tinnitus after intravenous erythromycin
      therapy is reported in the following.

PMID- 3704542
TI  - A comparison of 2-dB and 5-dB step size in pure-tone audiometry.
AB  - With the purpose of comparing test-retest reliability, pure-tone audiometry with
      a step size of 2 and 5 dB using the ascending technique was performed on two
      groups of subjects. One group consisted of 10 normal-hearing subjects and the
      other of 10 subjects with moderate cochlear hearing loss. The statistical
      analysis of the overall estimation of standard deviation obtained with the
      different step sizes showed no significant difference in any group. However, at 3
      000 and 4 000 Hz in the cochlear group a significantly lower standard deviation
      was obtained with the smaller step size. The number of threshold crossings
      required to fulfil the threshold criterion increased significantly with the
      smaller step size.

PMID- 3704543
TI  - Audiological screening of Amerindians of the Suriname rainforest.
AB  - Audiological screening tests were conducted among a remote, relatively noise-free
      population of Amerindians in the deep rainforests of Surinam, South America.
      These preliminary tests, the initial step in a planned long-term study, were the
      first such examinations on these people, and were intended to examine the overall
      audiological health of the population as a function of age and sex. Audiological
      testing of this non-technological population was more challenging than
      conventional test situations in modern industrial societies because the tests
      were hampered by a variety of extraneous factors. The results from a sample of
      the population showed a range of hearing impairments similar to that seen in
      modern industrial societies, including conductive, mixed, and sensorineural
      hearing losses. Also, hearing sensitivity was found to deteriorate with age in
      both females and males, particularly at the higher frequencies (2, 4, and 8 kHz).
      This deterioration was slightly greater for males, who as hunter-gatherers
      regularly use shotguns for hunting. Impact noise from hunting guns is the only
      source of intense noise to which the Amerindian population is exposed with any
      regularity. The diet of the Amerindians includes as the main carbohydrate staple
      the manioc cassava, which has also been linked to sensorineural hearing loss in
      some populations.

PMID- 3704544
TI  - Erythrocyte involvement in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.
AB  - Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a lymphoproliferative disorder which
      sometimes also affects the erythrocytes. In this study we investigated
      erythrocyte involvement in 23 CLL patients. We found increased erythrocyte
      osmotic fragility in 15 CLL patients, but this finding was not accompanied by
      increased permeability to acidified glycerol (decreased AGLT50). Only those CLL
      patient who had positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) had significantly
      decreased AGLT50. AGLT cannot serve as a predictor test for the future
      development of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia in CLL patients. ATP content was
      unaffected by the lymphoproliferative disease, but whole blood filterability was
      markedly decreased in CLL patients. Our study supports the hypothesis that
      erythrocytes are indeed affected by the lymphoproliferative disorder, even in the
      absence of overt autoimmune haemolytic processes.

PMID- 3704545
TI  - Adoptive immunotherapy for acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia: a long-term follow
      up.
AB  - Immune cells cultured in vitro against autologous blast cells were infused twice
      in 8 patients with ANLL after achieving complete remission. 3 of the 8 patients
      remained in first remission for 74-94 months and they appeared to be cured of
      their leukaemia. These 3 patients received significantly higher numbers of in
      vitro sensitized immune cells as well as having a better recovery of the in vitro
      cultured cells. The other 5 patients relapsed within a year of diagnosis; 3 of
      them had had organomegaly and a preceding myeloproliferative disorder at
      diagnosis. None of 20 ANLL patients in complete remission treated simultaneously
      with similar chemotherapy at our institution remained in first complete
      remission, nor were long-term survivors. Adoptive immunotherapy with in vitro
      sensitized immune cells may be effective treatment in acute leukaemia. The
      therapeutic potential of infusion of in vitro stimulated autologous immune cells
      requires further investigation.

PMID- 3704546
TI  - Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and phagocytosis of autologous red
      blood cells in alphamethyldopa-induced haemolysis.
AB  - 7 alphamethyldopa (AMD)-treated patients with positive direct antiglobulin test
      (DAT) were investigated. Peripheral blood mononuclear phagocytes of 2 patients
      suffering from haemolysis caused lysis and phagocytosis of autologous DAT
      positive red blood cells (RBC). Eluates from RBC of both patients contained
      antibodies of IgG1 subclass and supported antibody-dependent cell-mediated
      cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent phagocytosis (ADPh) of the patients'
      RBC after remission. Both cytotoxic activities were proportional to the serum
      concentration and to the number of attacking cells. The 5 patients without overt
      haemolysis did not show in vitro lysis or phagocytosis of autologous RBC. These
      results suggest that ADCC as well as ADPh participate in the destruction of RBC
      in AMD-induced haemolysis in vivo.

PMID- 3704547
TI  - Pneumococcaemia as a presenting sign in 3 cases of multiple myeloma.
AB  - Multiple myeloma was diagnosed in 3 patients following episodes of
      pneumococcaemia associated with neutropenia and decreased serum concentration of
      normal immunoglobulins. Severe pneumococcal infection is commonly encountered
      during the course of multiple myeloma, but has not been stressed as a presenting
      feature of the disease.

PMID- 3704548
TI  - Platelet count and platelet size in men and women.

PMID- 3704549
TI  - Erythrocyte sedimentation rate as a prognostic factor in chronic lymphocytic
      leukaemia.
AB  - In a follow-up study, survival data for 62 patients with chronic lymphocytic
      leukaemia (CLL), diagnosed in northern Norway from 1974 to 1982, were analysed.
      10 patients not reported to the Cancer Registry had a significantly (p less than
      0.05) better prognosis. In a multivariate survival analysis (Cox's model)
      anaemia, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and 4 or more regions
      involved at diagnosis were significant prognostic factors indicating high risk
      patients with short survival. ESR was also a significant prognostic factor in a
      multivariate survival analysis, together with the classifications of Rai (1) or
      Binet (2).

PMID- 3704550
TI  - Red pulp of the spleen in autoimmune haemolytic anaemia and hereditary
      spherocytosis: morphometric light and electron microscopy studies.
AB  - Morphometric light and electron microscopy studies on perfusion-fixed spleens
      from 6 patients with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia and 18 patients with
      hereditary spherocytosis showed increased relative (and absolute) volumes of red
      pulp and absolute volumes of pulp cords when compared to 10 controls and 16
      patients with immune thrombocytopenia without haemolysis. The mean erythrocyte
      volume density of the red pulp and mean erythrocyte area were significantly
      increased, and more of the erythrocytes' profiles were closer to being circular
      than in the controls. The changes within the splenic red pulp were qualitatively
      identical in the 2 cases of haemolytic disease, being quantitatively more
      pronounced, however, in hereditary spherocytosis than in autoimmune haemolytic
      anaemia.

PMID- 3704551
TI  - Red pulp in splenomegaly syndrome: morphometric light and electron microscopy
      studies.
AB  - From a series of consecutively studied spleens, perfusion-fixed and investigated
      according to a standardized procedure allowing morphometric investigations at the
      light and electron microscopic levels, 33 spleens causing splenomegaly syndrome
      (12 lymphoproliferative diseases, 10 hairy cell leukaemia, 11 myeloproliferative
      diseases) were compared with data in controls and autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
      and hereditary spherocytosis from previous studies. In splenomegaly syndrome,
      especially in hairy cell leukaemia and myeloproliferative diseases, less so in
      lymphoproliferative diseases, there is a disproportionate increase in the volume
      of pulp cords in the red pulp. Values for erythrocyte volume density are of the
      same order as splenic erythrocyte concentration determined by scintigraphic
      kinetic methods. Cases with complicating immunohaemolysis show a rather high
      proportion of erythrocyte profiles with nearly spheric shape as in autoimmune
      haemolytic anaemia and hereditary spherocytosis.

PMID- 3704552
TI  - Haematological and iron-related measurements in active pulmonary tuberculosis.
AB  - 59 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis were evaluated in terms of
      haematological indices, iron-related measurements and markers of inflammation.
      The variables evaluated included the Hb, mean cell volume (MCV), serum iron,
      total iron-binding capacity, percentage saturation, serum ferritin, erythrocyte
      sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein. In addition, marrow iron stores
      were assessed both histologically and chemically. Among the changes noted was a
      raised S-Ferritin, which appeared in part to be a component of the acute phase
      response, since it correlated with C-reactive protein concentration (r 0.59, p
      less than 0.0001). In addition, there was a good correlation between the S
      Ferritin and the concentrations of non-haem iron in the marrow, as assessed
      chemically on trephine biopsies (r 0.78, p less than 0.0001) and histologically
      on aspirated and biopsy material (rS 0.78, p less than 0.0001 and rS 0.68, p less
      than 0.0001, respectively). Furthermore, the quantitative relationship between
      the S-Ferritin and the chemical concentrations of non-haem iron in the marrow was
      similar to that found previously in a heterogeneous group of subjects without
      infections. While the present findings confirm that iron is diverted into
      reticuloendothelial stores in active pulmonary tuberculosis, no evidence was
      found to suggest that the anaemia which was present in 45 of the 59 patients was
      secondary to iron-deficient erythropoiesis; the percentage saturations in the 2
      groups were 30.3 and 31.1 respectively. In a final analysis, the present findings
      were compared with previous ones obtained in a group of patients with Hodgkin's
      disease. The degree of rise in the S-Ferritin for a given marrow non-haem iron
      concentration was significantly less in the patients with tuberculosis (p less
      than 0.0001).

PMID- 3704553
TI  - Type III aminoterminal propeptide of procollagen in some haematological
      malignancies.
AB  - Marrow fibrosis is involved in some haematological malignancies. Either because
      of sampling errors, variations of focal distribution of fibrosis or the
      discomfort for patients of bone biopsies, conventional histology appears to be
      unsuitable for the follow-up of myelofibrosis. During collagen synthesis by
      marrow fibroblasts, the aminoterminal propeptide is removed from procollagen III
      and released in the serum. Thus, a sensitive radioimmunoassay of type III
      aminoterminal propeptide of procollagen (PC III) has been tested in
      myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders with a marked bone marrow
      fibrosis. In polycythaemia vera, PC III level was significantly increased as
      compared to controls and was related to marrow fibrosis of grade I. The more
      increased PC III values were observed in spent polycythaemia cases initially
      treated by phlebotomy alone. Follow-up showed a transformation into myeloid
      metaplasia. In contrast, PC III remained stable in patients treated with
      radiophosphorus 32P or hydroxyurea who did not transform. In myeloid metaplasia,
      results of PC III were significantly higher than in controls or polycythaemia
      vera cases. Myelofibrosis of recent onset (less than 2 years) gave higher values
      than chronic myelofibrosis. Increased PC III values were also emphasized in
      chronic myelocytic leukaemia, and in a few cases of refractory anaemia with
      excess of blasts, hairy cell leukaemia and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.

PMID- 3704554
TI  - Diagnostic value of the concentration of M-component in initial classification of
      monoclonal gammopathy.
AB  - The diagnostic value of the concentration of a serum M-component in initial
      classification of monoclonal gammopathy into malignant monoclonal gammopathy
      (MMG) and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) was evaluated
      in 315 consecutive individuals with IgG, IgA or IgM type M-components. The final
      diagnosis was MMG in 84 and MGUS in 231 patients. Serum concentration was
      significantly highest in MMG, but for all 3 kinds of M-components, overlapping
      serum concentrations between MMG and MGUS were found. Highest efficiency was
      reached with a serum concentration of 30.2 g/l for IgG, 26.6 g/l for IgA and 22.7
      g/l for IgM. Using these values, an initial correct classification was achieved
      in 0.90 of IgG M-components, in 0.91 of IgA M-components and in 0.79 of IgM M
      components. Normal levels of uninvolved immunoglobulins were found to point
      strongly to MGUS.

PMID- 3704555
TI  - Megakaryoblastic leukaemia and myelofibrosis complicating Fanconi anaemia.
AB  - A 9-yr-old boy with a 2-yr history of Fanconi anaemia developed worsening
      pancytopenia that was unresponsive to oxymetholone therapy. Bone marrow was
      difficult to aspirate but showed the presence of megakaryoblasts. Bone marrow
      trephine was hypercellular with large clusters of abnormal megakaryocytes and a
      small population of megakaryoblasts, giving a diagnosis of megakaryoblastic
      leukaemia.

PMID- 3704556
TI  - A case of 'superwarfarin' poisoning.
AB  - A young adult ingested 10 mg brodifacoum (a potent rodenticide) in an attempt to
      commit suicide. Prolonged bleeding was noted for over 6 months. It required large
      doses and prolonged use of vitamin K1 to combat this 'superwarfarin' poisoning.

PMID- 3704557
TI  - Autoimmune pancytopenia progressing to acute myelofibrosis.

PMID- 3704558
TI  - Studies on the mechanism of binding and uptake of immune complexes by various
      cell types of rat liver in vivo.
AB  - Soluble heterologous immune complexes (IC) were used to study the mechanism of IC
      binding to rat liver in vivo. Binding of IC to the various cell types of the
      liver, endothelial cells, hepatocytes, and Kupffer cells, was only inhibited by
      aggregated swine immunoglobulins. Binding was not inhibited by the absence of
      complement components. Intravenous injection of asialoglycoproteins, to block the
      galactose receptor, could not prevent IC binding. We conclude that Fc receptors
      play an important role in the binding of soluble heterologous IC to hepatocytes,
      endothelial cells, and Kupffer cells.

PMID- 3704559
TI  - The chemokinetic inhibitory factor derived from chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
      cells. Partial purification and characterization of a new lymphokine.
AB  - We have recently described a heat-labile and cell-directed neutrophil migration
      inhibitory activity that is present in serum from patients with chronic
      lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). The inhibitory activity is produced and secreted by
      CLL cells in vitro. In the present study the inhibitory activity was partially
      purified from short-term cultures of monoclonal leukaemic B-CLL cells. On gel
      filtration the calculated molecular weight was apparently 30,000. By anion
      exchange chromatography, the inhibitory factor was recovered in the fractions
      that eluted with 0.3 mol/l NaCl. The active material applied to preparative
      agarose gel electrophoresis migrated towards the anode. The inhibitory factor was
      totally destroyed by trypsin. In addition it bound to concanavalin A-Sepharose.
      These properties indicate that the inhibitory factor is a glycoprotein.
      Antibodies against the isolated inhibitory factor were raised in rabbits. CLL
      serum was separated by means of gel filtration and the inhibitory activity was
      recovered in the pool with a molecular weight of approximately 30,000. The
      activity was completely neutralized by the antibodies raised against the CLL-cell
      derived inhibitor, indicating the similarity between this and the serum-derived
      inhibitor. We have shown the existence of a new lymphokine, derived from B-CLL
      cells, in serum from patients with CLL.

PMID- 3704560
TI  - Intestinal mucosal memory and presence of memory cells in lamina propria and
      Peyer's patches in mice 2 years after oral immunization with cholera toxin.
AB  - The build-up of long-term immunological memory in the gut mucosal immune system
      may explain long-lasting protection against new attacks of cholera in
      convalescents from natural disease. We have looked for gut mucosal antitoxin
      immunological memory and memory cells in mice after oral immunization with
      cholera toxin. Our results show that mice that were orally primed with cholera
      toxin and then boosted 2 years later with a single oral antigen dose mounted a
      rapid and vigorous IgA antitoxin response in the intestinal lamina propria. A
      specific secondary antitoxin response could also be elicited without any in-vivo
      boosting by in-vitro stimulation of isolated lymphocytes from the lamina propria,
      Peyer's patches, mesenteric lymph nodes, and spleen. The results provide evidence
      for the almost life-long persistence of anti-cholera toxin memory B cells (and
      perhaps also T cells) in the intestine and probably also recirculating cells,
      after oral immunization with cholera toxin. A functional antitoxic immune
      response may be boosted rapidly on renewed enteral exposure to cholera toxin by
      the stimulation of memory cells both in the lamina propria and in the Peyer's
      patches.

PMID- 3704561
TI  - Epidemiological aspects of the transmission of hepatitis B by HBsAg-positive
      adopted children.
AB  - 96 HBsAg-positive, adopted, foreign children were followed up in an
      epidemiological survey aimed at evaluating the risk of spreading hepatitis B in
      family settings. Each year 1 400-1 900 foreign children are adopted by Swedish
      families, 65% of them from countries in South East Asia with a high prevalence of
      HBsAg-positive carriers. 92% of the HBsAg-positive children came from South East
      Asia and 2% from Latin America. 36/96 adopted children (37.5%) transmitted
      hepatitis B to 54 family members. There was a considerably greater risk of
      transmission by younger children. 33 children less than 3 years gave rise to
      hepatitis in 50 family members. The greatest risk of transmitting acute hepatitis
      B was during the first year after the arrival of the child when 22/33 cases of
      acute hepatitis B (67%) occurred. 65/70 children tested for HBeAg (93%) were
      positive. Five had anti-e antibodies and 5 converted to anti-e during follow-up.

PMID- 3704562
TI  - The carrier state in pertussis.
AB  - In order to determine whether healthy adults can be of importance for the spread
      of pertussis the nasopharyngeal flora of 391 healthy individuals working in close
      contact with children was investigated during the height of a pertussis epidemic.
      Only 1 carrier of Bordetella pertussis was found, even though all individuals
      were exposed to the organism during the study period through their work.

PMID- 3704563
TI  - Selective antimicrobial modulation of the intestinal microbial flora for
      infection prevention in patients with hematologic malignancies. Evaluation of
      clinical efficacy and the value of surveillance cultures.
AB  - To confirm the results obtained in an earlier study, the incidence of infection
      was evaluated in 54 patients (62 periods of admission), nursed in conventional
      rooms and given a regimen of antimicrobial agents intended to modulate the
      intestinal flora selectively as a method to prevent infection during severe
      granulocytopenia. In 62 patients receiving selective antimicrobial modulation
      (SAM), 18% acquired major infections which was similar to 19% in patients on SAM
      in an earlier double-blind placebo controlled study and lower than 47% in the
      controls. Evaluation of a large number of surveillance cultures showed that the
      presence of specific potentially pathogenic aerobic bacteria was associated with
      the occurrence of major infection. If the bacterial species in question were not
      found in the cultures the chance of becoming infected was less than 5%, whereas
      the chance ranged between 42 and 62% depending on the species involved when these
      microorganisms were isolated.

PMID- 3704564
TI  - Impact of azlocillin on the colon microflora.
AB  - To evaluate the impact of parenteral azlocillin therapy on human colon
      microflora, faecal specimens were taken from 6 patients before, during and after
      therapy for analysis of the microflora. In 2 patients major changes took place.
      Thus the numbers of streptococci, Escherichia coli, anaerobic cocci,
      lactobacilli, clostridia and bacteroides decreased markedly during therapy. One
      of these patients was colonized with azlocillin-resistant Enterobacter cloacae.
      The other 4 patients had only minor changes in the microflora. Variations between
      patients seem to exist. Pronounced alterations in the colonic flora may have
      clinical implications.

PMID- 3704565
TI  - Outbreak of cryptosporidiosis among veterinary students.
AB  - We describe an outbreak of human cryptosporidiosis in 5 veterinary students in
      contact with experimentally infected calves. All persons experienced symptoms of
      gastroenteritis, with the main complaint of diarrhoea lasting for 1-13 days. The
      persons recovered spontaneously; one was hospitalized for 10 days. The diagnosis
      was based on the demonstration of Cryptosporidium oocysts from stools by the
      smear method and the formalin-ether concentration method, both combined with the
      acid-fast staining technique. Both methods gave almost equal results. The role of
      Cryptosporidium as an occupational risk is discussed.

PMID- 3704566
TI  - The treatment of localized prostatic cancer.

PMID- 3704567
TI  - Glycine solution as an irrigating agent during transurethral prostatic resection.
      Glycine concentrations in blood plasma.
AB  - In 17 men undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), an isosmotic
      solution of 2.2% glycine was used for irrigation. The plasma glycine
      concentration was determined before and immediately after TURP and 2, 6, 24 and
      48 hours later. The serum concentrations of sodium, albumin and prostatic acid
      phosphatase protein (PAP) were used as indicators of fluid absorption.
      Calculation of the absorbed fluid volume was based on the plasma concentration of
      glycine, and the disappearance rate of glycine from plasma was estimated. The
      mean disappearance rate (T 1/2) was 85 min, which was midway between previously
      observed rates for sorbitol and mannitol. The observed plasma glycine increase
      after TURP correlated well with fall in serum sodium and rise in serum PAP, with
      the blood loss during and up to 15 min after TURP, and also with the weight of
      the resected tissue. The plasma glycine level, highest immediately after TURP,
      normalized 24-48 hours postoperatively. No signs of ammonia intoxication or
      marked serum urea increase were seen in these patients, although some had very
      high plasma glycine values after TURP (mean 10.2, maximum 23 mmol/l) as compared
      with the preoperative levels (mean 0.2 mmol/l). There was some increase of plasma
      serine (a normal metabolite of glycine) after TURP. The authors conclude that the
      irrigating fluid should have a minimal concentration of glycine, near to the
      level of haemolysis onset, to minimize the plasma dilution effects, including
      hyponatraemia, and the appearance of metabolites when the irrigating fluid is
      absorbed.

PMID- 3704568
TI  - Bladder training and terodiline in females with idiopathic urge incontinence and
      stable detrusor function.
AB  - Twenty consecutive female patients with urge incontinence and stable detrusor
      function on provocative rapid fill CO2-cystometry were treated as out-patients
      with a bladder training programme and with terodiline/placebo in a double-blind
      cross-over design. Frequency and incontinence episodes decreased significantly,
      while first sensation and cystometric bladder capacity increased. Both
      objectively and subjectively terodiline was significantly better than placebo
      with 50% (95% confidence limits 18-82) more patients improved on terodiline than
      on placebo. Thirty percent of the patients (95% confidence limits 12-54) relapsed
      after withdrawal of terodiline. At 3 months follow-up the remaining 70% were
      satisfied with the outcome of the training programme. Side effects were mild and
      reversible. Serum creatinine and alkaline phosphatase increased slightly on
      terodiline and the diastolic blood pressure was probably also increased by
      terodiline. In conclusion, female patients with idiopathic urge incontinence and
      stable detrusor function did respond to treatment as do female patients with urge
      incontinence and proven instability.

PMID- 3704569
TI  - Pad tests in children with incontinence.
AB  - Different pad tests were compared in 50 incontinent children. In a 2-hour ward
      test with standardized activities and fluid provocation 70% were positive. In a
      simple 12-hour home test with 30 children 68% were positive; when a fluid
      provocation period was included in the home test with 20 children the frequency
      increased to 80%. Pad tests are easy to perform with children in the home and are
      valuable as screening instruments. Further, the simultaneous registration of
      events gives a more complete picture of the incontinence pattern.

PMID- 3704570
TI  - Treatment of renovascular hypertension by unilateral nephrectomy. A follow-up
      study in patients above 60 years of age.
AB  - The long term results of surgical intervention in 26 elderly patients with
      renovascular hypertension are presented. All patients were above 60 years of age
      at the day of operation. The majority of the patients had atherosclerotic
      renovascular disease with only one case of fibromuscular dysplasia. Several
      patients had severe extrarenal atherosclerotic disease. The diagnosis of
      renovascular hypertension was based upon the results of isotope renography, renal
      arteriography and renal vein catheterization. All patients underwent unilateral
      nephrectomy. Notably, no deaths or complications occurred in relation to surgery.
      At the follow-up study, blood pressure was lowered and the requirement for
      antihypertensive drugs reduced in 86% of the patients. We conclude that
      unilateral nephrectomy in elderly high risk patients with renovascular
      hypertension is a safe and efficient procedure.

PMID- 3704571
TI  - Water and electrolyte absorption in ileal segments surgically transposed to the
      urinary bladder in the cat.
AB  - Net transport of water and electrolytes was studied in ileal segments which had
      been exposed to urine during three months in seven cats. During surgery, a 5 cm
      long ileal segment was interposed between the ureters and the urinary bladder. At
      the same time a control segment (5 cm) was indicated with silver clips. After
      three months, the net transport of water and electrolytes was studied using a
      continuous perfusion technique with an isotonic and with a hypertonic, urine-like
      perfusate. Microscopic examination of the mucosa showed a significant reduction
      of villus height in the transposed segments compared to the controls (p less than
      0.05). With the isotonic perfusate there was a net absorption of water in the
      control segments, and a net secretion in the transposed segments, the difference
      being statistically significant (p less than 0.05). When the hypertonic perfusate
      was used, a net secretion occurred in both control and transposed segments. Net
      transport of electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl-) was in the same direction as water
      transport in both control and transposed segments. The results indicate that
      there does not seem to be any risk of water or electrolyte reabsorption by
      intestinal mucosa which has been exposed to urine.

PMID- 3704572
TI  - Metastatic tumour of the epididymis. A case report.
AB  - A case of adenocarcinoma of the stomach was initially diagnosed by detection of
      epididymal metastases. The case is presented and the importance of histologic
      examination of peroperatively removed tissue is emphasized.

PMID- 3704573
TI  - Spontaneous rupture of the urine bladder. Report of three cases.
AB  - Non-traumatic spontaneous rupture of the urine bladder is a rare occurrence. The
      clinical features of three cases are reported. Although admitted as abdominal
      emergencies there was a considerable delay in operative treatment in two
      patients. The reasons are discussed.

PMID- 3704574
TI  - Diagnostic difficulties in oncocyte-containing renal carcinoma.
AB  - Two cases of renal tumor presenting diagnostic difficulties are reported. In one
      case, fine-needle aspiration biopsy from a large neoplasm yielded only oncocytes,
      but histologic examination showed also islets of renal cell carcinoma. The tumor
      caused pain, and computed tomography demonstrated inhomogeneity of its inner
      composition. In the second case there was a silent, small neoplasm, and both
      cytologic and histologic specimens showed a mosaic pattern of renal cell
      carcinoma and oncocytes. The diagnostic difficulties are discussed on the basis
      of these two cases and reports in the literature.

PMID- 3704575
TI  - Community dentistry and sociology.

PMID- 3704576
TI  - Social function of adults with isolated ventricular septal defects. Possible
      negative effects of surgical repair?
AB  - Possible long-term deterioration of social function has been studied in adults
      over 30 years of age with congenital, isolated ventricular septal defects (VSD).
      This deterioration may possibly have been caused by brain damage connected with
      open heart surgery performed after age 10 years. Thirty-five patients with a mean
      age of 39 (range 31-61) years have been followed up for an average of 15 (3-21)
      years when restudied after surgical repair of VSD performed at a mean age of 23
      (10-51) years (Group 1). Their social status was compared with 61 non-operated
      subjects with basically smaller defects, mean age 43 (31-73) years, who had been
      followed up for an average of 14 (3-21) years. Group 1 had a higher educational
      level, were less stressed at work, had a higher gross income (NS) and were less
      physically disabled (p less than 0.01). Both groups had a higher educational
      level than normal 40-year-old Norwegians. The percentages receiving disablement
      pension were 12% in group 1 and 13% in group 2. Despite a higher abortion rate
      (33% vs. 18%), group 1 females had a higher number of liveborn babies than those
      in group 2 (NS). Regular medical check-ups were attended by 45% and 60% in groups
      1 and 2 respectively, and about half took antibiotics prophylactically. Unlike
      when initially investigated, group 1 had a better cardiac condition than group 2.
      Compared with the non-operated group, the operated patients had suffered no
      detrimental effects on their social function. We therefore advocate a liberal
      policy for surgical repair of VSD after age 10 years.

PMID- 3704577
TI  - Risk factors and reported sick leave among employees of Saab-Scania, Linkoping,
      Sweden, between the ages of 50 and 59.
AB  - An investigation group, consisting of all 1313 employees in the age range 50-59
      years, in 1975 was called during working time to the Company's Physical Training
      Centre to have certain risk factors assessed. The evaluation included an
      interview which covered risk factors such as smoking and exercise habits and
      measurements such as systolic blood pressure, height, weight and certain
      anthropometric measurements. Information was also obtained from the personnel
      records regarding sex, age, form of employment, education code and reported sick
      leave in 1974 and 1975 for the workers, and between 1970 and 1975 for the
      salaried employees. The total number of dropouts was 238, or 18%. Absenteeism
      among those who did not participate in the interview and measurements was
      markedly higher than for those who did. The fact that this group dropped out of
      the investigation implies a high risk and a need for preventive programmes. The
      single risk factor that showed the strongest connection with absenteeism was a
      low degree of physical activity during leisure hours. The design of this study as
      a cross-section investigation limits its use to assessing the current degree of
      correlation between different risk factors and absenteeism. We cannot, then,
      predict future illness on the basis of these findings.

PMID- 3704578
TI  - Mass screening for breast cancer.
AB  - Breast cancer is now the most common cancer in women. There is a certain
      correlation between the stage of the disease at diagnosis and outcome after
      treatment. Several studies have been initiated involving mammography with or
      without physical examination aimed at early detection of breast cancer in
      asymptomatic women. In order to review the results to date, a meeting was held in
      Reykjavik in April 1984 organized by international and Icelandic health agencies
      and attended by senior investigators of the ongoing screening studies. A summary
      of the available data is presented in this paper along with the conclusions of
      the meeting.

PMID- 3704579
TI  - Mortality from violent causes among the elderly population in Finland in 1951
      1979.
AB  - The changes in violence-related mortality rates among the population aged 65
      years or older in Finland from 1951-1979 were studied with the help of the
      official mortality statistics. Factors underlying these changes were also
      examined. The most distinctive findings were, first, the increase in accident
      related mortality rates of both males and females in the 1950s and, second, the
      sharp decrease of those rates with respect to women from 1960-1975 compared to
      the decrease for males during that same period. The changes in mortality for
      males were mainly due to changes in frequency of motor-vehicle fatalities,
      whereas the changes for females were mainly due to changes in mortality caused by
      accidental falls and limb fractures. Improvements in classification methods
      resulting in the decrease of unspecified causes of death were apparently the main
      cause of the recorded increase in violent mortality in the early 1950s. The
      incidence of traffic accidents has decreased in the latter half of the 1970s.
      Thus, the minor decrease in motor-vehicle accident mortality for men most
      evidently was due to a decreased incidence. The incidence of hip and limb
      fractures in women increased. Thus, it was not a lowered incidence but instead a
      decreased case-fatality rate which caused the decreased mortality in females.
      Early mobilization after hip operations and decreased dependence level among the
      elderly apparently resulted in the decreased fatality rates.

PMID- 3704580
TI  - Social class and changes in health-related habits in Finland in 1973-1983.
AB  - The aim of this project was to study social class differences with respect to
      various health-related habits and especially to note the changes in these habits
      after a 10-year follow-up period. From this study conclusions can be drawn as to
      whether health education efforts and increased interest in personal health has
      been more widely adopted by the more educated groups than the less educated
      groups, whose morbidity and mortality rates are higher. The sample consisted of
      902 white-collar and blue-collar workers. Smoking was found to be more common
      among blue-collar workers in both years. Smoking rates had declined in all groups
      except female blue-collar workers. Occasions of drinking were more frequent among
      white-collar than blue-collar workers. However, heavier forms of drinking were
      more common in male blue-collar than white-collar groups, while the opposite was
      true among women. Dietary habits in white-collar groups were closer to the
      "official" recommendations than in the respective blue-collar groups in both
      years. White-collar men were physically more active at the time of the first
      investigation, and even more so ten years later. Among women, social class
      differences were in the same direction, but less marked. In conclusion, in the
      early 1970s the health-related habits examined were, in most instances, less
      favourable among blue-collar than white-collar workers. No consistent pattern of
      change in these habits was observed in the 10-year follow-up. At the end of the
      follow-up, many of the "inequalities" still persisted.

PMID- 3704581
TI  - Cimetidine utilization in Denmark 1977-1981.
AB  - A description of development in the utilization pattern of cimetidine (Tagamet)
      in Denmark is given on the basis of 19 154 granted applications for individual
      drug reimbursement submitted to the National Board of Health from the initial
      registration of cimetidine in September 1977 until general reimbursement was
      introduced in July 1981. The application rate per 100 000 inhabitants increased
      steeply from 49 in 1978 to 148 in 1980 and decreased to 127 in 1981. Despite this
      rapid introduction, however, hospital utilization for ulcer disease was constant
      during this period. Half of the applications treated diagnosed duodenal ulcers
      and a third gastric ulcers. Only 50% of those gastric ulcers were diagnosed by
      endoscopy. The age-specific application rate reached a peak in the age group of
      50-69 years. There was a considerable geographical variation in the rate of
      application. The reason for this is unknown, since the variations in the ages of
      patients and years of application were different in different counties, and no
      correlation between application rate and proxy variables for standard of health
      and special interest in ulcer disease between the different counties could be
      shown.

PMID- 3704582
TI  - The use of social background data in social medicine research.

PMID- 3704583
TI  - The relation of social class to risk factors, rehabilitation, compliance and
      mortality in survivors of acute coronary heart disease.
AB  - We studied 299 consecutive male 28-day survivors of unstable angina or myocardial
      infarction aged under 60 years to examine the relationship between social class
      and initial risk factors, change in risk-factors at one year follow-up, return to
      work, and 3-year mortality. There was a significant correlation between smoking
      on admission and social class, with 80% of lower and 31% of upper classes being
      current smokers. Daily cigarette consumption among smokers was significantly
      higher in lower-class patients. Lower-class patients also had a significantly
      higher weekly alcohol intake. Although the proportion of hypertensives did not
      vary with social class, mean in-hospital blood pressure was higher in lower-class
      patients. Social class bore no relationship to amount of leisure exercise, serum
      cholesterol or degree of overweight. There was a 90% 1-year return to work
      overall, and while there was no relationship between social class and eventual re
      employment, lower-class patients took significantly longer to return to work.
      There were highly significant associations between social class and successful
      smoking cessation, increase in leisure exercise and weight reduction over the
      first year after discharge. There was no significant association between social
      class and 3-year mortality.

PMID- 3704584
TI  - Longitudinal studies on unwanted child. A review on studies in Prague and
      Northern Finland.

PMID- 3704585
TI  - Induced abortions and births. Trends in seven counties, Norway, 1972-1983.
AB  - This paper discusses the changes in the frequencies of induced abortions and
      births according to changes in the abortion legislation in Norway during the
      1970s. The study material consists of women aged 15-44 years having undergone
      induced abortion or giving birth in seven Norwegian counties during the period
      1972-83. Since the liberalization of the abortion legislation in 1976 and later
      when the law on abortion on women's request came into force in January 1979, the
      number of induced abortions per 1000 women 15-44 years of age has decreased by
      20%, until December 31, 1983. For no age group has the number of induced
      abortions per 1000 women increased since the liberalization of the abortion
      legislation. While the number of terminations of pregnancy per 1000 women below
      the age of 25 has remained unchanged since 1975, the number of abortions per 1000
      women aged 25-29 has decreased by nearly 18% and for women aged 30-44, by 34%.
      The number of terminated pregnancies per 1000 women of fertile age has shown a
      decrease corresponding to the reduction in births per 1000 women. Thus the
      liberalization of the abortion law cannot account for the decreased number of
      births after 1975.

PMID- 3704587
TI  - One-year incidence of home accidents in a rural Swedish municipality.
AB  - Since 1978 a continuous registration of acute in-patient and out-patient visits,
      has been conducted in a municipality in Skaraborg County in western Sweden as a
      part of the evaluation of an intervention programme. Such a comprehensive
      community oriented intervention programme has never been reported before. A
      special focus has been directed at accident cases divided up by environment:
      home, work, traffic, and other. A total of 20 440 inhabitants in the municipality
      were registered in health and medical care centres over a six-year period because
      of injuries. Since 23.5% of all accidents happen in the home, cases of home
      accidents have been mapped out in more detail with the help of standardized and
      structured surveys via telephone interviews. All of these were completed with a
      review of hospital records and death certificates. Because of the comprehensive
      registration we were able for the first time in Sweden to calculate the
      distribution of home accidents down to very small geographical areas. The thinly
      populated areas show significantly higher levels of home accidents when compared
      to the densely populated areas. In addition to geographical differences, there
      were incidence differences regarding sex, age group, and type of housing. The
      majority of home accidents (76.5%) occurred in connection with moving, play, and
      hobbies. Injuries from blows, cuts, and collisions are the most common type of
      accidents for men, while injuries from falls are the most dominant types for
      women. The dominating types of injuries are: contusions, fractures, and wounds. A
      significantly higher incidence of accident cases among the elderly exists in all
      of the old age homes/service houses in the study area.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3704586
TI  - The incidence and prevalence of familial polyposis coli in Denmark.
AB  - Based on the Danish Polyposis Register, the frequency of familial polyposis coli
      was estimated at the end of 1982. The mean annual incidence rate of polyposis
      coli has remained rather constant at approximately 1 X 10(-6) X yr-1 since the
      forties. The life-time risk of developing polyposis coli is about 1 X 10(-4). The
      point prevalence rate was 26 X 10(-6) at the end of 1982. The number of cases
      found in sibs and children of probands made it probable that a nation-wide
      prophylactic examination of first degree relatives resulted in a complete
      identification of affected family members. The completeness of the Danish
      Polyposis Register in the period 1976-82 was estimated to be 90% and the validity
      of the diagnosis is considered to be 100%.

PMID- 3704588
TI  - Tobogganing and sledging accidents. Mechanisms and injuries.
AB  - A series of 271 children, injured in tobogganing and sledging accidents was
      studied. The typical victim in a tobogganing accident was a 5-year-old child and
      in a sledging accident, an 8-year-old boy. Most accidents occurred on a slope
      especially designated for tobogganing and sledging. Despite this, the most common
      accident was a collision with an obstruction. Fractures made up 41% of the
      injuries, and 17% of all the injured children needed admission to hospital. An
      elimination of trees, poles and other obstructions from these slopes would reduce
      the injuries, and children should not be allowed to ride these vehicles near
      public roads and streets.

PMID- 3704589
TI  - Emergency care. Identification of psychosocial problems.
AB  - Psychosocial problems are common among emergency department visitors, and can
      remain undetected if not focused upon. In the present study the magnitude of
      these problems was analysed by a social worker through telephone interviews 3-5
      days after patients emergency department visit. This survey revealed not only
      those patients recognized by the regular staff as in need of help because of
      social problems (5%) but also an additional 33% of patients whose problems went
      undetected. Fifteen percent of the visitors found contact with a social worker to
      be helpful and six percent requested such help. A follow-up investigation five
      months after the visit revealed that assistance had been given to 83% of those
      patients.

PMID- 3704590
TI  - Emergency room triage by a medical specialist.
AB  - This is an investigation of the impact of an emergency room triage by a medical
      specialist. The study encompassed patients who came to the medical section of the
      emergency room of a large university hospital during a two-week study period and
      a control period of the same length. The result showed that 36% of the patients
      could be sent home after the triage, thereby reducing the number of chemical
      tests and ECG examinations significantly (p less than 0.001). In addition, the
      patient's average treatment period was shortened by a mean of 63 min. No effect
      of the triage on hospital use of out-patient visits to the hospital during a one
      year follow-up period was noted. The triage procedure was safe for, and accepted
      by the patients, as was demonstrated by follow-ups involving investigation of the
      death register and personal interviews. The study shows that triage by a
      specialist is an effective method for reducing hospital service utilization and
      shortening patient treatment time.

PMID- 3704591
TI  - Work pattern of child health centre nurses in Stockholm.
AB  - The aim of the study was to describe the working patterns of nurses at Child
      Health Centres in Stockholm and the changes in those patterns over a 5-year
      period. Time-motion studies and interviews were used. According to the results
      about 50% of working time was spent in a direct contact with families. The
      distribution of the working time on different tasks was roughly the same in two
      surveys carried out in 1977 and 1982. Additional duties assigned to the nurses
      were managed thanks to a decrease in the number of children in the districts. The
      time-motion method gave reliable information on the nursing work pattern and how
      this was influenced by new procedures that were implemented.

PMID- 3704592
TI  - Use of muscle flaps in the treatment of infected sternotomy.
AB  - Deep wound infection after open-heart surgery remains a major problem. In this
      paper potential indications and techniques for use of muscle flaps in the
      treatment of chronic sternal infections are discussed and the authors' early
      experience with such treatment is presented. A well vascularized muscle flap
      fills out the defect, may help to control infection, and accelerates healing.
      After adequate excision of infected tissue, bone and cartilage, the resulting
      defect is covered with a muscle flap immediately or after a period of open
      treatment. Coverage with a flap of pectoralis major muscle was used in five
      patients 3 weeks to 6 months after cardiac surgery. Primary healing occurred in
      two patients, secondary healing in one and healing with residual fistula in one
      patient. In the fifth case there was uneventful recovery with primary healing
      until death occurred from cerebral haemorrhage after 3 weeks. Use of muscle flaps
      seems to be a valuable complement in the management of severe sternotomy
      infections.

PMID- 3704593
TI  - Evaluation of left ventricular function in children. Description of the method
      and normal values.
AB  - Thirteen patients between 5 and 13 years were presented as a normal material for
      statical and dynamical echocardiographic measurements including left ventricular
      internal diameter in diastole and systole, shortening fraction, cardiac output,
      mean VCF, maximal normalized and not normalized rates of increase and decrease of
      diameter. The data were compact and normally distributed, and the rates of
      diameter change were independent of patients' age and BSA, and may therefore be
      used as general reference.

PMID- 3704594
TI  - Echocardiographic assessment of cardiac function in open chest dogs.
AB  - Echocardiographic parameters of left ventricular function were compared with
      standard parameters in 5 open chest dogs. Cardiac output by echo compared with
      thermodilution showed a close correlation of r = 0.952. Peak rate of decrease of
      left ventricular diameter (RDD) correlated with dp/dtmax r = 0.826, and
      "normalized" RDD with dp/dtmax r = 0.873. The peak rates of increase of LV
      diameter (RID) and "normalized" RID correlated less with dp/dtmin, r = 0.610 and
      r = 0.642 respectively. Because of significant differences between the dogs, and
      because the results from all dogs induced into different hemodynamic states
      during the investigation were all pooled, the method proved reliable even under
      borderline conditions. We therefore think it may also be used in clinical
      situations.

PMID- 3704595
TI  - Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular function in left ventricular
      volume load and the immediate changes after operation.
AB  - Cardiac function and changes following surgery was studied with computerized M
      mode echocardiography in 12 patients with volume load of the left ventricle. Half
      of them had congenital lesions, the other half aortic regurgitation. Left
      ventricular (LV) shortening fraction and LV ejection time were significantly
      reduced postoperatively and came close to normal mean values. Also cardiac output
      and LV diameters normalized or at least started its normalization. The
      computerized values for rates of decrease and increase of left ventricular
      diameter were reduced postoperatively (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.05
      respectively) compared to elevated preoperative values. The study shows that
      relief of volume load on the left ventricle immediately leads to normalization of
      left ventricular function, especially if the myocardium was intact
      preoperatively.

PMID- 3704596
TI  - Total anatomic correction of interrupted aortic arch complex. Experience in 4
      infants.
AB  - In two cases of interrupted aortic arch (IAA) of type A, one associated with a
      ventricular septal defect (VSD) and one with an aortopulmonary window, and two of
      type B, both associated with a VSD, total anatomic repair was performed at
      respective ages of 6 months and 24, 8 and 3 days. All four operations were
      performed through a median sternotomy, using profound hypothermia and circulatory
      arrest. The repair included resection of the patent ductus arteriosus, direct end
      to-side anastomosis of the descending to the ascending aorta and closure of the
      VSD or, in one case, of the aortopulmonary window. The two oldest infants (with
      type A IAA) survived. Reexamination two years postoperatively demonstrated good
      width of the aortic anastomosis with no gradient. In the child who had had an
      aortopulmonary window there was a proximal tight stenosis of the right pulmonary
      artery, which was corrected at reoperation. Total anatomic correction of IAA
      through an anterior approach is technically feasible and the aortic anastomosis
      seems to grow satisfactorily. The management of very sick neonates with IAA
      remains a great challenge.

PMID- 3704597
TI  - Evaluation of left ventricular function in chronical pressure load and the
      immediate changes after operative relief.
AB  - Cardiac function and changes following surgery was studied with computerized M
      mode echocardiography in 10 patients with left ventricular pressure load, mainly
      valvular aortic stenosis. Six of the patients were below 15 years of age. In the
      adults an unfavourable reduction of shortening fraction and VCF was encountered,
      whereas no such reaction was seen in the pediatric group. Both groups had a
      significant (p less than 0.005) drop in LV ejection time. In general, however,
      the study demonstrated a different reaction to surgery in children and adults,
      the peak rate of decrease of diameter (RDD) increased in children, and remained
      more or less unchanged in adults, and the normalized RDD acted similarly. The
      time for NRDD after QRS onset was reduced in all patients, but more obvious in
      children. The peak rate of increase of diameter (RID) was unchanged in both
      groups, but demonstrated an insignificant fall on the first postoperative day in
      adults. The study demonstrates different ways of reacting to surgery in pressure
      loaded adult and childhood left ventricles. We think these differences can be
      explained by less damaged myocardium in the pediatric age group.

PMID- 3704598
TI  - Verapamil effects on left ventricular performance in patients with congestive
      heart failure studied with echocardiography before and after cardiac surgery.
AB  - Cardiac effects of a single dose of verapamil was studied with digitalization of
      M-mode echocardiograms in 6 patients before and after surgery, along with
      pharmacological examinations. Corresponding to the different distribution volume
      and excretion pre- and postoperatively, the cardiodepressive effect on the
      contraction of the left ventricle was more pronounced and lasted longer
      postoperatively. Probably due to initial reduction of peripheral resistance,
      there was an initial improvement of ventricular contractility indices. Obviously
      depending on serum concentration, maximal cardiodepression occurred at 35-40
      ng/ml, and no effect could longer be found as the values reached 20 ng/ml, pre-
      as well as postoperatively.

PMID- 3704599
TI  - Thrombendarterectomy in chronic pulmonary embolism. Reports of 3 cases.
AB  - Thrombendarterectomy of the pulmonary artery was performed in three cases of
      chronic pulmonary embolism with pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure.
      The indications for such tissue-preserving surgery are discussed against the
      background of the presented cases and of the literature. These indications are
      unilateral vascular obstruction with good run-off in combination with "moderate"
      pulmonary hypertension. Patients with peripheral vascular changes in both lungs
      and equilibrated pressures respond poorly to thrombendarterectomy and present
      high surgical risk. For such patients hope lies in future resources for combined
      heart-lung transplantation.

PMID- 3704600
TI  - Thoracic injuries. A review of 93 cases.
AB  - A report is presented of 93 patients referred for specialist management of
      thoracic injuries in the 5-year period 1973-1978. Penetrating trauma to the
      thorax had been sustained by 18 patients and blunt trauma by 75. Falls and
      traffic accidents were the most common causes (32 and 35 cases). Rib fractures
      were the most frequent lesions, and 10 of these 67 patients had flail chest.
      Hemothorax and/or pneumothorax were found in four-fifths of the patients. The
      diaphragm was torn in five cases. Three had lesions of the heart and/or
      pericardium and one patient had a tracheal lesion. Closed pleural drainage was
      the most commonly used treatment. Thoracotomy was performed in 10 of the 93
      patients. The mortality rate in the series (10%) agreed with findings from other,
      similar studies.

PMID- 3704601
TI  - Comparative analysis of tilting disc and ball valve prosthesis in aortic
      position.
AB  - In a retrospective analysis, comparison was made between the Cutter-Smeloff ball
      valve (n = 63) and the Lillehei-Kaster tilting disc valve (n = 256) in the aortic
      position. No significant intergroup difference was found as regards rate of
      thromboembolism (0.6/100 patient years for both valve types), endocarditis (0.2
      for Cutter-Smeloff and 0.5 for Lillehei-Kaster/100 patient years) and
      paraprosthetic leak (0.9 and 0.5, respectively/100 patient years). The actuarial
      curve of cumulative survival was similar for both valves until 6 years
      postoperatively. Thereafter the outcome was less favourable for the patients with
      Cutter-Smeloff valve (actuarial survival 79 +/- 5% than for those with Lillehei
      Kaster valve (91.2 +/- 2%). The reason for this, statistically significant,
      difference may be associated with the difference in valve profiles.

PMID- 3704602
TI  - Long-term follow-up of Bjork-Shiley mitral valve replacement. 10 years'
      experience.
AB  - Retrospective analysis was made of 176 patients who received a Bjork-Shiley
      mitral valve replacement in the period 1973 through 1982. Actuarial cumulative
      curves showed the 10-year and 5-year survival rates to be 79 +/- 3.4%. The
      functional status at follow-up was better than preoperatively in 77.1% of the
      patients. The hospital mortality was 9.1% and the late mortality was 3.6/100
      patient years. Early complications included disc entrapment against the
      ventricular wall in three cases, wedging of chorda between disc and valve rim in
      two and posterior perforation of the left ventricle in three patients. There was
      no structural valve damage. Calculated per 100 patient years, the incidence of
      thromboembolism was 2.5, endocarditis 1.4 and prosthetic leak 1.8. One thrombosed
      valve was successfully replaced by a new prosthesis 11 years after the initial
      implantation. Jamming of the disc by tissue over-growth necessitated a new valve
      implantation in one case. The incidence of early valve-related complications was
      high, but the long-term results were comparable with those from other mechanical
      valves. One early complication--disc entrapment against the ventricular wall--may
      be avoided by use of a sufficiently small valve if the ventricle is small and
      thickened.

PMID- 3704603
TI  - Intraoperative cryolysis of intercostal nerves in thoracic surgery.
AB  - Pain is a major problem associated with thoracotomy. Intraoperative cryolysis of
      the intercostal nerves around the incision can essentially reduce the
      postoperative analgesic requirement and diminish the impairment of ventilatory
      capacity. To obtain maximum effect, it is recommended that the sites of drainage
      should also be treated with cryolysis.

PMID- 3704604
TI  - Comparisons between CK-B and other clinical indicators of cardiac contusion
      following multiple trauma.
AB  - The activity of creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase B(CK-B) was measured in
      17 patients with injuries to multiple organ systems, including the chest. The
      patients were closely observed for clinical signs of disturbed cardiac function
      by means of serial ECG, continuous monitoring of cardiac rhythm, daily cardiac
      auscultation, serial chest roentgenography and monitoring of central hemodynamic
      parameters. No statistically significant difference in CK and CK-B activity was
      found between the group of patients with normal cardiac function and the group
      with disturbed cardiac function. The CK-B activity was markedly elevated, but CK
      B activity relative to CK activity was normal in both groups during the first 7
      days after the trauma. The authors conclude that the significance of these
      enzymes' serum activity, measured with the immunoinhibition method, is
      diagnostically doubtful not only as regards cardiac contusions, but also in other
      cardiopathy preceding or following major trauma.

PMID- 3704605
TI  - [The place of apatite in rheumatic diseases. Study of 25 cases by x-ray
      microanalysis and scanning electron microscopy].
AB  - The importance of "apatite deposition disease" among the arthropathies has been
      recognized for some years: it is well known that X-ray microanalysis (XRMA) is an
      efficient method of determining the elemental constitution of microcrystalline
      deposits obtained from synovial fluids or from tendon washing solutions during
      examination in scanning electron microscopy. In all 25 patients studied (11
      intraarticular and 14 extraarticular samples), alizarine red S staining was
      positive and XRMA confirmed the diagnosis of apatite deposition by determination
      of the phosphorus/calcium (P/Ca) ratio in the deposits. In the 25 patients the
      mean values obtained for the P/Ca ratios were situated between 0.362 and 0.450,
      with a general mean value of 0.411, i.e. a ratio clearly lower than the P/Ca
      ratio of pure hydroxyapatite specimens (0.438) measured in identical conditions.
      This apparent discrepancy seems to be related to the probable presence of
      carbonated apatites. The study confirmed the presence of apatite microcrystals in
      intra- and extraarticular location; in the first condition, these were generally
      found in patients with severe destructive arthrosis, whereas in the second
      condition the calcifications derived from supraspinatus tendons.

PMID- 3704606
TI  - [Experience with percutaneous needle muscle biopsy in pediatrics: alternatives to
      open biopsy?].
AB  - Over 14 months the authors have performed 22 needle muscle biopsies using the
      Bergstrom needle. Sufficient material was obtained for histological,
      histochemical and electron microscopic examination. The biopsies can be done as
      an outpatient procedure under local anesthetic, and with sedation in infants and
      young children. The technique is safe, quick and well tolerated and leaves only a
      very small scar. It provides adequate information for almost all diagnostic
      purposes in neuromuscular disease. The few indications for open muscle biopsy are
      discussed.

PMID- 3704607
TI  - [Rare abdominal manifestations of tuberculosis: isolated splenic tuberculosis and
      peritoneal tuberculosis].
AB  - Two patients with rare localizations of extrapulmonary tuberculosis are
      presented. In a 55-year-old man admitted with septic fever and a low neutrophil
      count, ultrasonography of the spleen revealed splenomegaly with numerous
      hypodense foci. Fine needle biopsy of one of the foci disclosed tuberculosis.
      Persistent splenogenic neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, despite tuberculostatic
      therapy, required splenectomy which confirmed the initial diagnosis. At
      laparotomy no other abdominal foci of tuberculosis were found. In a second 57
      year-old man admitted for ascites and weight loss, a biopsy specimen of the liver
      showed normal liver parenchyma but, by chance, peritoneal tuberculosis.
      Tuberculostatic therapy brought about cure.

PMID- 3704608
TI  - [Rett syndrome: a progressive neurological syndrome in girls].
AB  - Rett syndrome, named after Rett's first description in 1966, evolves typically in
      3 stages: after normal early psychomotor development up to the age of 6-24
      months, stagnation and regression occur over a few months resulting in severe
      dementia, loss of speech, of social response and of purposeful hand use. This is
      accompanied by particular stereotyped hand movements and usually also by
      deceleration of head growth. The further course is often stable for a prolonged
      period, or only slowly progressive. Common features are seizures, episodic
      hyperpnea, scoliosis, spasticity and vasomotor disturbances of lower limbs. Rett
      syndrome has been observed only in girls, all cases (with 2 exceptions) being
      sporadic. This is probably explained by a X-linked dominant new mutation lethal
      in males. The pathogenesis is still unknown: no consistent metabolic, morphologic
      or neuroradiologic abnormalities have been found. According to some epidemiologic
      investigations, Rett syndrome affects about 1:15,000 girls and is thus
      responsible for a considerable proportion of severely retarded girls. Within one
      year the authors have retrospectively diagnosed 15 cases, which is assumed to
      represent only about a third of patients in Switzerland.

PMID- 3704609
TI  - [The effect of lactitol on the production of expired hydrogen in normal
      subjects].
AB  - In man, unabsorbed disaccharide lactitol is fermented by colonic flora with an H2
      breath production proportional to the absorbed quantity. The osmolality of the
      ingested solution is without effect either on the oro-cecal transit time and the
      time of H2 peak, or on the output and peak value of H2 expired. The intestinal
      symptoms seemed less prominent with slighter osmolality. The beginning of H2
      production and the amount of H2 recorded varied widely between different subjects
      and in the same subject. It is thus important to consider this variability when
      measuring transit time and evaluating the amount of unabsorbed sugar. The
      comparison between two analogous doses of lactitol and lactulose (Duphalac) shows
      lower H2 production with lactulose, but clinical symptoms are slightly more
      pronounced. The glycemic peak was significantly higher for lactulose than for
      lactitol.

PMID- 3704610
TI  - [Abdominal inflammatory pseudotumor (plasma cell granuloma) with anemia and
      hypergammaglobulinemia].
AB  - Intraabdominal pseudotumor of the plasma cell granuloma type in a 19-year-old man
      is reported. The patient presented with fever and weight loss lasting months, and
      the laboratory findings revealed high sedimentation rate, hypochromic, microcytic
      anemia, thrombocytosis, elevated alkaline phosphatase, decreased thromboplastin
      time and polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. When the plasma cell granuloma was
      removed, all laboratory findings returned to normal within 3 months and the
      patient remained asymptomatic during the two-year follow-up.

PMID- 3704611
TI  - [Extrapuerperal discharge of the breast (so-called galactorrhea)].
AB  - In a study to explore the incidence and cause of breast discharge, 153 of 6697
      outpatients of the Senology Department, University Women's Hospital, were
      investigated for nipple discharge in a retrospective study from January 1980 to
      May 1983. The effectiveness of paraclinical investigation methods (radiology,
      histology, cytology and serum prolactin) was also compared. For the symptom
      described the authors suggest an investigation plan which offers savings in time
      and cost.

PMID- 3704612
TI  - [Use of a combination preparation of pyrantel and oxantel pamoate (trade name:
      Banminth Plus) against roundworm, hookworm and whipworm infestation in the dog in
      general practice].

PMID- 3704613
TI  - [Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor in the dog: clinical and
      experimental studies].

PMID- 3704614
TI  - [Experiences with cryopreservation of the 3d larval stage of trichostrongyloids
      in ruminants].

PMID- 3704615
TI  - [Fasciotomy/neurolysis as treatment in navicular lameness (podotrochlosis) in the
      horse].

PMID- 3704616
TI  - [Evaluation of hematologic findings in the dog and cat: possibilities for the
      objectivation and interpretation of laboratory results with regard to diagnosis,
      prognosis and therapy].

PMID- 3704617
TI  - [Plastic surgery of the eyelids in small animals. I. Injuries, scar contractures,
      tumors].

PMID- 3704618
TI  - [Enzootic calcinosis in the goat and cow in Switzerland].

PMID- 3704619
TI  - Sudden cardiac death.

PMID- 3704621
TI  - The perception of apparent motion.

PMID- 3704620
TI  - Glycosphingolipids.

PMID- 3704622
TI  - The heart as a suction pump.

PMID- 3704623
TI  - Bioluminescence-chemical light.

PMID- 3704624
TI  - [The concentration of fluorine in different dairy products made from contaminated
      milk].
AB  - The total fluoride levels in milk from cows grazing in fluoride-contaminated
      pastures (0.26 microgram g-1) are found to be about twice as high as those in
      milk from cows on a "normal" grass diet (0.11 microgram g-1). Among dairy
      products from contaminated milk, the fluoride concentrations in cream and cheese
      are the highest. During processing, large amounts of fluoride accumulate in these
      products, and the fluoride concentrations of cream and cheese are about three
      times (0.80 microgram g-1) those of milk. However, the study demonstrates that
      not only milk but also dairy products are poor sources of fluoride even in cases
      in which the fluoride content of the ambient air is notably high.

PMID- 3704625
TI  - Plasma and tissue levels of some lanthanide elements in malignant and non
      malignant human tissues.
AB  - Lanthanum (La) levels in plasma, in erythrocyte hemolysate and in tissue from
      healthy subjects and patients with laryngeal carcinoma were determined by neutron
      activation analysis. Plasma lanthanum levels were significantly higher in
      laryngeal carcinomas than in either healthy controls or in subjects suffering
      from localized inflammation (e.g. epicondylitis of the elbow) (p less than
      0.001). The mean La concentration in malignant tissue samples was 57.5 +/- 7.2 ng
      g-1; the corresponding level in normal adjacent tissue from the same organ was
      94.6 +/- 12.0 ng g-1. This 61% decrease in the concentration of La in malignant
      tissues was highly significant (p less than 0.001). In patients with laryngeal
      carcinoma we did not observe any detectable level of lanthanum in erythrocyte
      hemolysate; the mean La erythrocyte hemolysate level in healthy controls and in
      patients suffering from localized inflammatory condition was 14.3 and 33.2 ng ml
      1, respectively. Further studies are in progress to evaluate whether or not this
      element can serve as a marker for diagnosis or prognosis in cancer.

PMID- 3704626
TI  - Distribution of cadmium, lead and zinc in lung, liver and kidney in long-term
      exposed smelter workers.
AB  - Increased mortality due to various malignancies is reported from long-term
      exposed, non-ferrous smelter workers. In the present study the post-mortem
      distribution of cadmium, lead and zinc in lung, liver and kidney is reported and
      related to exposure and mortality. The study involved 86 male copper smelter
      workers who died after April 1975. Lung samples were taken from all workers and
      liver and kidney samples were taken from about one-quarter of the workers. Two
      control groups were used. The exposed workers were divided into six groups based
      upon diagnoses in medical records and autopsy protocols. Lead and zinc were
      analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and cadmium by neutron activation
      analysis. For the skewly distributed tissue levels, non-parametric statistical
      processing was used. Of the workers, 53% died from cardiovascular diseases and
      30% from malignancies (8% from lung cancer). Cardiovascular diseases predominated
      in the two control groups: about 75 and 100%, respectively. Lung and liver
      cadmium concentrations were significantly higher in the lung cancer group of
      smelter workers than in the other groups of smelter workers (p less than 0.05)
      and rural controls (p less than 0.01). Cadmium in kidney, and lead in lung and
      liver were significantly higher (p less than 0.03) in the lung cancer group than
      in rural controls, but did not differ from that of the other workers. Zinc in
      lung, liver and kidney did not differ between exposed workers and controls.
      Rather strong Spearman rank-order correlation coefficients were found between the
      cadmium content of lung, liver and kidney tissue, especially in non-smoking
      smelter workers and rural controls. Smoking was more common in the lung cancer
      group than in the total group of smelter workers. Cadmium levels in the lungs of
      exposed workers were significantly higher (p less than 0.001) in smokers than in
      both ex-smokers and non-smokers. Earlier studies of the same workers gave
      significantly lower selenium levels in lung tissue compared with other groups of
      smelter workers and controls. As other carcinogenic substances are present in the
      working environment, e.g. arsenic, chromium and benzo [alpha]-pyrene, the
      specific effect of cadmium in the development of lung cancer cannot be evaluated
      at present.

PMID- 3704628
TI  - Military AIDS testing offers research bonus.

PMID- 3704627
TI  - Nutrition policy controversies.

PMID- 3704629
TI  - NIH plans probe on test of altered virus.

PMID- 3704630
TI  - Cloned fragment of the hepatitis delta virus RNA genome: sequence and diagnostic
      application.
AB  - Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a replication-defective etiological agent of
      hepatitis that requires hepatitis B virus (HBV) as a helper. A complementary DNA
      (cDNA) fragment of the RNA genome of HDV was cloned into the plasmid vector
      pBR322, and the primary nucleotide sequence and predicted protein products of the
      cDNA fragment were determined. This cloned cDNA fragment has been used as a
      sensitive radioactive probe for the detection of HDV RNA in the serum of patients
      with either acute or chronic HDV infections.

PMID- 3704632
TI  - Budget bills boost R&D spending.

PMID- 3704631
TI  - Risk research: when should we say "enough"?

PMID- 3704634
TI  - Cancer progress data challenged.

PMID- 3704633
TI  - Bird chimeras may be models for certain neurological diseases.

PMID- 3704635
TI  - Induction of synaptic potentiation in hippocampus by patterned stimulation
      involves two events.
AB  - Electrical stimulation of axons in the hippocampus with short high-frequency
      bursts that resemble in vivo activity patterns produces stable potentiation of
      postsynaptic responses when the bursts occur at intervals of 200 milliseconds but
      not 2 seconds. When a burst was applied to one input and a second burst applied
      to a different input to the same target neuron 200 milliseconds later, only the
      synapses activated by the second burst showed stable potentiation. This effect
      was observed even when the two inputs innervated completely different regions of
      the postsynaptic cells; but did not occur when the inputs were stimulated
      simultaneously or when the second burst was delayed by 2 seconds. Intracellular
      recordings indicated that the first burst extended the decay phase of excitatory
      postsynaptic potentials evoked 200 milliseconds later. These results suggest that
      a single burst of axonal stimulation produces a transient, spatially diffuse
      "priming" effect that prolongs responses to subsequent bursts, and that these
      altered responses trigger spatially restricted synaptic modifications. The
      similarity of the temporal parameters of the priming effect and the theta rhythm
      that dominates the hippocampal electroencephalogram (EEG) during learning
      episodes suggests that this priming may be involved in behaviorally induced
      synaptic plasticity.

PMID- 3704636
TI  - Animal models in research.

PMID- 3704637
TI  - Giving mental illness its research due.

PMID- 3704638
TI  - Relation between work and phosphate metabolite in the in vivo paced mammalian
      heart.
AB  - Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to monitor, on a beat-to
      beat basis, the concentration of creatine phosphate and adenosine triphosphate
      during alterations in the work output of canine hearts in vivo. Over a wide range
      of rate-pressure products (5,000 to 25,000 mmHg/min), the relative amounts of
      creatine phosphate and adenosine triphosphate within the heart remained constant.
      The relative concentration of free adenosine diphosphate was calculated under the
      reasonable assumption that the creatine kinase-catalyzed reaction is near
      equilibrium in this tissue. The free concentration of adenosine diphosphate also
      did not change over this range of rate-pressure products. The data demonstrate
      that the concentration of these compounds is highly regulated in vivo and suggest
      that factors other than their concentration may be involved in the modulation of
      steady-state myocardial work output with oxygen consumption.

PMID- 3704639
TI  - Protein, DNA, and virus crystallography with a focused imaging proportional
      counter.
AB  - A set of programs has been developed for rapid collection of x-ray intensity data
      from protein and virus crystals with a commercially available two-dimensional
      focused geometry electronic detector. The detector is compact and portable, with
      unusually high spatial resolution comparable to that used in oscillation
      photography. It has allowed x-ray data collection on weakly diffracting crystals
      with large unit cells, as well as more conventional "diffractometer-quality"
      crystals. The quality of the data is compared with that from oscillation
      photography and automated diffractometry in the range of unit cells from 96.3 to
      383.2 angstroms. Isomorphous and anomalous difference Pattersons, based on
      detector data, are shown for a variable surface glycoprotein mercury derivative
      and for a repressor-DNA bromine derivative, which has been solved at 7 angstroms
      with detector data only.

PMID- 3704640
TI  - Separation of drug stereoisomers by the formation of beta-cyclodextrin inclusion
      complexes.
AB  - For many drugs, only racemic mixtures are available for clinical use. Because
      different stereoisomers of drugs often cause different physiological responses,
      the use of pure isomers could elicit more exact therapeutic effects. Differential
      complexation of a variety of drug stereoisomers by immobilized beta-cyclodextrin
      was investigated. Chiral recognition and racemic resolution were observed with a
      number of compounds from such clinically useful classes as beta-blockers, calcium
      channel blockers, sedative hypnotics, antihistamines, anticonvulsants, diuretics,
      and synthetic opiates. Separation of the diastereomers of the cardioactive and
      antimalarial cinchona alkaloids and of two antiestrogens was demonstrated as
      well. Three dimensional projections of beta-cyclodextrin complexes of propanolol,
      which is resolved by this technique, and warfarin, which is not, are compared.
      These studies have improved the understanding and application of the chiral
      interactions of beta-cyclodextrin, and they have demonstrated a means to measure
      optical purity and to isolate or produce pure enantiomers of drugs. In addition,
      this highly specific technique could also be used in the pharmacological
      evaluation of enantiomeric drugs.

PMID- 3704641
TI  - Cytosolic calcium during contraction of isolated mammalian gastric muscle cells.
AB  - During activation of visceral smooth muscle there is an increase in cytosolic
      free calcium, but the source (intracellular calcium release or calcium influx),
      kinetics, and stoichiometry of this increase have not been determined. Here, the
      fluorescent indicator, quin2-acetoxymethyl ester, was used to measure directly
      cytosolic-free calcium during contraction of isolated stomach muscle cells
      induced by the two neuropeptides cholecystokinin-octapeptide and Met-enkephalin
      as well as acetylcholine. An increase in cytosolic-free calcium was seen that was
      (i) dependent on the concentration of contractile agonist, (ii) derived from
      intracellular sources (that is, not significantly affected by removal of ambient
      calcium or addition of a calcium channel blocker), and (iii) kinetically and
      stoichiometrically related to net calcium efflux and contraction. In contrast,
      the increase in cytosolic-free calcium induced by depolarizing concentrations of
      potassium was caused by influx of calcium through voltage-dependent calcium
      channels.

PMID- 3704642
TI  - Three-dimensional structure of the adenovirus major coat protein hexon.
AB  - The three-dimensional crystal structure of the adenovirus major coat protein is
      presented. Adenovirus type 2 hexon, at 967 residues, is now the longest
      polypeptide whose structure has been determined crystallographically. Taken with
      our model for hexon packing, which positions the 240 trimeric hexons in the
      capsid, the structure defines 60% of the protein within the 150 X 10(6) dalton
      virion. The assembly provides the first details of a DNA-containing animal virus
      that is 20 times larger than the spherical RNA viruses previously described.
      Unexpectedly, the hexon subunit contains two similar beta-barrels whose topology
      is identical to those of the spherical RNA viruses, but whose architectural role
      in adenovirus is very different. The hexon structure reveals several distinctive
      features related to its function as a stable protective coat, and shows that the
      type-specific immunological determinants are restricted to the virion surface.

PMID- 3704643
TI  - Pressures measured in live hip joint.

PMID- 3704644
TI  - Brain function decline in children with AIDS.

PMID- 3704645
TI  - A perspective on degenerative brain disease.

PMID- 3704646
TI  - Limiting heart attack injury.

PMID- 3704647
TI  - Pattern recognition used to investigate multivariate data in analytical
      chemistry.
AB  - Pattern recognition and allied multivariate methods provide an approach to the
      interpretation of the multivariate data often encountered in analytical
      chemistry. Widely used methods include mapping and display, discriminant
      development, clustering, and modeling. Each has been applied to a variety of
      chemical problems, and examples are given. The results of two recent studies are
      shown, a classification of subjects as normal or cystic fibrosis heterozygotes
      and simulation of chemical shifts of carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra
      by linear model equations.

PMID- 3704648
TI  - Structure of pressinoic acid: the cyclic moiety of vasopressin.
AB  - Arginine vasopressin consists of a 20-membered, disulfide-linked macrocyclic ring
      system called pressinoic acid to which is attached a COOH-terminal tripeptide.
      The molecular conformation of pressinoic acid has been determined from single
      crystal x-ray diffraction data. The 20-membered macrocyclic ring, stabilized by
      two intramolecular hydrogen bonds, has a type I beta-bend centered on Gln4 and
      Asn5 and a highly distorted type II' bend centered on Phe3 and Gln4. In
      vasopressin the Asn5 side chain extends away from the macrocyclic ring system and
      hydrogen bonds to the terminal tripeptide, but in pressinoic acid the Asn5 side
      chain lies over the molecule and forms a strong hydrogen bond to the nitrogen of
      Tyr2. The absence of pressor activity in pressinoic acid may be a result of both
      the loss of the COOH-terminal tripeptide and the incorrect orientation of the
      Asn5 side chain. Whether this class of hormones has pressor or oxytocic activity
      is determined by the orientation of the Tyr2 side chain, that is, whether it is
      extended away from or over the ring system, respectively. In pressinoic acid, the
      Tyr2 side chain is in the expected "pressor conformation," that is, extended away
      from the ring system, and is stabilized through a hydrophobic interaction with
      the Phe3 side chain. Thus, the conformation of the pressinoic acid molecule
      partly explains the activity of vasopressin-like hormones.

PMID- 3704649
TI  - Shape analysis of the histone octamer in solution.
AB  - The conformation of the histone octamer is shown to depend upon the specific salt
      used to solubilize it. In 2M sodium chloride the octamer is similar in size and
      shape to the histone component of crystallized core nucleosomes. In contrast, in
      3.5M ammonium sulfate the octamer is elongated, resembling an ellipsoid with
      approximate dimensions of 114 by 62 by 62 angstroms. These results indicate that
      the elongated conformation seen in the 3.3 angstroms electron density map of the
      histone octamer crystallized in ammonium sulfate is due to the particular salt
      conditions used.

PMID- 3704650
TI  - Non-Watson-Crick G.C and A.T base pairs in a DNA-antibiotic complex.
AB  - The structure of a DNA octamer d(GCGTACGC) cocrystallized with the
      bisintercalator antibiotic triostin A has been solved. The DNA forms an unwound
      right-handed double helix. Four base pairs are of the Watson-Crick type while
      four are Hoogsteen base pairs, including two A.T and two G.C base pairs. This is
      the first observation in an oligonucleotide of Hoogsteen G.C base pairs where the
      cystosine is protonated. It is likely that these also occur in solutions of DNA
      complexed to this antibiotic.

PMID- 3704651
TI  - Pertussis toxin gene: nucleotide sequence and genetic organization.
AB  - The current pertussis vaccines, although efficacious, in some instances produce
      undesirable side effects. Molecular engineering of pertussis toxin, the major
      protective antigen, could provide a safer, new generation of vaccines against
      whooping cough. As a first critical step in the development of such a vaccine,
      the complete nucleotide sequence of the pertussis toxin gene was determined and
      the amino acid sequences of the individual subunits were deduced. All five
      subunits are coded by closely linked cistrons. A promoter-like structure was
      found in the 5'-flanking region, suggesting that the toxin is expressed through a
      polycistronic messenger RNA. The order of the cistrons is S1, S2, S4, S5, and S3.
      All subunits contain signal peptides of variable length. The calculated molecular
      weights of the mature subunits are 26,024 for S1, 21,924 for S2, 21,873 for S3,
      12,058 for S4, and 11,013 for S5. Subunits S2 and S3 share 70% amino acid
      homology and 75% nucleotide homology. Subunit S1 contains two regions of eight
      amino acids homologous to analogous regions in the A subunit of both cholera and
      Escherichia coli heat labile toxins.

PMID- 3704653
TI  - 1986 guide to biotechnology products and instruments. Guide to scientific
      instruments.

PMID- 3704652
TI  - Human brain receptor distribution.

PMID- 3704654
TI  - A critical appraisal of the use of anticoagulant therapy: effectiveness,
      monitoring, and complications.

PMID- 3704655
TI  - [Treatment of infected tissue defects--experiences with silicon foam dressings].

PMID- 3704656
TI  - Factors determining quadriceps recovery following femoral shaft fractures.

PMID- 3704657
TI  - Operative results in 124 open fractures of the tibial shaft.

PMID- 3704658
TI  - [Amaurosis caused by traumatic damage to the optic nerve].

PMID- 3704659
TI  - [A case of open anterior atlas arc fracture caused by a gas cushioned office
      swivel chair].

PMID- 3704660
TI  - [Dislocation fracture of the sternoclavicular joint].

PMID- 3704661
TI  - Nuclear medicine and the environment--Part I.

PMID- 3704662
TI  - Platelets and megakaryocytes. IV.

PMID- 3704664
TI  - Polycythemia vera: an update. I.

PMID- 3704663
TI  - Polycythemia vera: an update.

PMID- 3704665
TI  - Therapeutic recommendations in polycythemia vera based on Polycythemia Vera Study
      Group protocols.
AB  - The PVSG was organized in 1967 to establish effective diagnostic criteria for
      polycythemia vera, to study the natural history of the disease and to define the
      optimal treatment. Although polycythemia vera and the other myeloproliferative
      diseases are relatively uncommon, the PVSG was able to accumulate well over 1,000
      patients with these various disorders and to study them according to a total of
      15 different protocols. PVSG-01, a long-term randomized controlled study of
      phlebotomy alone compared with the myelosuppressive agents, 32P or chlorambucil
      supplemented by phlebotomy, continues to receive follow-up data on 93% of
      surviving patients 18 years after initiation of the study. During its lifetime,
      PVSG has developed a widely accepted and highly effective set of criteria for the
      specific diagnosis of polycythemia vera as well as useful criteria for the
      diagnosis of essential thrombocythemia. It has gathered an enormous volume of
      data on the natural history of the myeloproliferative diseases and in particular
      on the nature of the prevalent complications, such as thrombotic events and
      hematologic and nonhematologic malignancies. With respect to the final question,
      the optimal treatment for polycythemia vera, it is apparent that the expectation
      of a single optimal therapy that would apply to all patients at all ages and
      stages of the disease was naive. Nevertheless considerable progress has been
      made. Moreover, the group has defined more precisely than ever before the nature
      of the complications of the disease and the association of the risks of specific
      complications with specific forms of therapy. It thus has made it possible to
      pose the next series of therapeutic questions that must be addressed in this
      disorder with a greater degree of sophistication than was previously possible.

PMID- 3704666
TI  - Studies of the bone marrow in polycythemia vera and the evolution of
      myelofibrosis and second hematologic malignancies.
AB  - The PVSG study is unique in that it is prospective and composed of 432 patients
      randomized to three treatment arms. This study also provides the opportunity for
      serial studies of numerous sequential biopsies. Large numbers of cases with
      sequential biopsies covering the entire long course are essential to appreciate
      the full spectrum of tissue changes in this disease. The PVSG was initiated in
      1967 and in mid-1985 approximately one third of the patients are alive and on
      protocol. For these reasons, the results must still be considered preliminary.
      Pretreatment biopsies from patients randomized in the PVSG have been analyzed for
      total cellularity, megakaryocyte concentration, and reticulin content.
      Considerable variation in these elements was found in these biopsies. Sequential
      posttreatment biopsies from these patients have also been studied and correlated
      with the clinical course of the disease. None of the morphologic parameters
      analyzed was shown to be of prognostic significance. Early in the course of PV
      the marrow reticulin content is almost always normal. The length of the
      developmental stage is unknown and the precise timing of the clinical onset may
      be difficult. Therefore, the 11% of patients that showed a significant increase
      in reticulin on initial evaluation may have had PV longer than was indicated
      clinically. If large numbers of sequential biopsies are studied, an increase in
      reticulin content can frequently be demonstrated during the active phase of the
      disease and before the onset of the spent phase. Currently 39 patients (9%) have
      developed the spent phase, or PPMM. PPMM occurred in about the same incidence in
      the patients treated with myelosuppressive therapy as by phlebotomy alone, the
      spent phase occurring in 16 patients treated by phlebotomy alone, 11 with
      chlorambucil, and 12 with 32P. The course of the reticulin fibrosis is slowly
      progressive. There is some evidence for regression in a few patients in the
      erythrocytotic phase, but sampling variation cannot be completely ruled out. At
      this time in the study, AL has developed in 37 patients (8.6%). The incidence of
      AL is quite low in the phlebotomy group (three cases). Presumably this represents
      the natural incidence in PV unmodified by therapeutic agents. The frequency is
      approximately equal and quite high in the chlorambucil and 32P groups. There are
      19 cases in the chlorambucil-treated group and 15 in the 32P-treated group. The
      leukemias that developed in the PV patients occurred either de novo or following
      PPMM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3704667
TI  - Acute leukemia in polycythemia vera.

PMID- 3704668
TI  - Platelets and megakaryocytes. V.

PMID- 3704669
TI  - Cauda equina syndrome in ankylosing spondylitis.

PMID- 3704670
TI  - The respiratory tract in amyloidosis and the plasma cell dyscrasias.

PMID- 3704671
TI  - Amyloidosis.

PMID- 3704672
TI  - Fracture prevalence and bone mineral mass in osteoporosis measured with computed
      tomography and dual energy photon absorptiometry.
AB  - In 174 adults presenting with backache, bone densitometry was performed on the
      lumbar spine, both femoral necks, and one femoral shaft employing dual energy
      photon absorptiometry (DPA); in 112 of these, densitometry was undertaken on L4
      using single energy quantitative computer assisted tomography (CT). Radiographs
      of the spine were obtained in all patients and those with known or suspected
      malignant disease were excluded. The subjects were divided into two groups
      according to the presence (n = 128) or absence (n = 44) of signs of vertebral
      collapse or compression. The predictive value of the densitometric results for
      the presence of vertebral fractures was calculated and used as an estimate of
      fracture risk. While CT showed somewhat higher predictive values than DPA of the
      spine or combinations of DPA results from spine and femoral necks, the difference
      was not significant. It is concluded that with both CT and DPA the probability of
      the presence or absence of fracture can be raised to 75-80% when the probability
      prior to the investigation is 50% and when the threshold values of the
      measurements are chosen so that their sensitivity and specificity are about
      equal.

PMID- 3704673
TI  - Lumbar posterior marginal intra-osseous cartilaginous node.
AB  - This report concerns 12 patients, eight young adults and four adolescents,
      presenting with lumbar or sciatic pain. This was associated with an unusual
      defect of the inferior and posterior edges of the vertebral bodies of L4 or L5,
      together with a small bony ridge protruding into the spinal canal. We found 11
      similar cases in the literature, all involving adolescents except for one young
      adult. It has been considered to be the result of a fracture of the posterior
      ring apophysis in association with a herniated disc. In our cases, in the absence
      of any known previous trauma, the radiological features and surgical results and
      the similarity and frequent association with typical lesions of Scheuermann
      disease, all suggest a posterior marginal cartilaginous node. The inferior lumbar
      location and frequent association with herniated disc and sciatic nerve root
      compression in young patients are discussed.

PMID- 3704674
TI  - Periostitis and osteomyelitis in chronic drug addicts.
AB  - Periostitis and osteomyelitis can occur in drug addicts not only by hematogenous
      dissemination of the infecting organisms, but as a result of introduction of
      bacteria by direct injection into periosteum or injection through infected skin
      and subcutaneous tissues. A spectrum of examples of osteomyelitis of the bones of
      the forearm in drug addicts is presented to illustrate this phenomenon. Neglect
      of these infections and the trauma of continued injections can lead to extensive
      tissue and bone loss.

PMID- 3704675
TI  - Metastatic and pseudomalignant osteoblastoma: a report of two unusual cases.
AB  - Two unusual cases of osteoblastoma with different responses to radiation therapy
      are reported. A 15-year-old boy with an aggressive osteoblastoma of the ilium was
      treated initially with curettage and subsequently with radiation and systemic
      chemotherapy. The patient died 35 months after his initial presentation with
      distant metastases which were verified at autopsy. A 12-year-old girl developed a
      lesion of the femur with clinical and histologic features of aggressive
      osteoblastoma. Amputation was recommended at the time of recurrence, but the
      patient declined and radiation therapy was given. The patient was alive and well
      14 years after her initial presentation. These cases highlight the biologic
      diversity of osteoblastoma-like lesions and illustrate the difficulties which may
      be encountered in attempting to differentiate between benign and malignant forms
      of this tumor.

PMID- 3704676
TI  - Congenital absence and hypoplasia of pedicles in the thoracic spine.
AB  - A case of thoracic pedicle aplasia of T12 coincident with pedicle hypoplasia at
      T11 is reported. The authors review the literature on thoracic pedicle deficiency
      and discuss the computed tomography (CT) findings in the thoracic pedicle
      aplasia/hypoplasia spectrum.

PMID- 3704677
TI  - The role of arthrography in the management of dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica.
AB  - Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica can be diagnosed on plain radiographs of the
      affected areas. However, double contrast arthrography in three new cases provided
      additional information. The cartilaginous portions of the lesion at the articular
      surface of the bone were precisely demonstrated, aiding the orthopedic surgeon in
      deciding which patients should have surgery and planning the extent of operation
      necessary.

PMID- 3704678
TI  - Occult carpal pathology: tomographic evaluation.
AB  - Pluridirectional tomography in coronal and sagittal planes has been used to
      identify occult carpal pathology in 23 patients with chronic wrist pain following
      recent or remote trauma. The tomographic studies have detected or further defined
      the carpal pathology in 22 of the 23 patients studied adding useful information
      concerning their clinical management.

PMID- 3704679
TI  - The annulus vacuum sign.
AB  - An annulus vacuum sign at the anterosuperior or anteroinferior margin of a
      cervical interspace in extension may be due to an acute hyperextension injury
      with tearing of Sharpey fibers allowing the annulus fibrosus to separate from the
      adjacent bone. The sign is not pathognomonic of this injury as has been implied
      in the literature. It can be due to an old hyperextension injury and is seen in
      degenerative disease of the annulus without any acute trauma. In addition, a
      pseudovacuum sign may be very difficult to distinguish from a true vacuum sign.

PMID- 3704680
TI  - Case report 348: pigmented villonodular synovitis arising from bursa of the pes
      anserinus muscle, with secondary involvement of the tibia.

PMID- 3704681
TI  - Case report 358: desmoid tumor of the greater wing of the right sphenoid bone.

PMID- 3704682
TI  - Case report 360: multifocal Ewing tumor of the skeletal system.

PMID- 3704683
TI  - Case report 361: radium intoxication with radium-induced osteonecrosis.

PMID- 3704684
TI  - Case report 362: primary fibrosarcoma of the right femur.

PMID- 3704685
TI  - The political economy of doctors' strikes in Nigeria: a Marxist interpretation.
AB  - Professions have been traditionally conceptualized as special occupational
      categories with distinguishing traits called to provide needed service. The
      social and economic context of these attributes is assumed unproblematic or taken
      for granted. This study of doctor's strikes in Nigeria critiques this conception
      and offers a political economy alternative. It analyses professions and their
      traits within a given context, and in relation to other groups. It is suggested
      that doctors in Nigeria are a powerful and privileged group, a view they seem to
      successfully use to pursue their interests.

PMID- 3704686
TI  - Consensual norms regarding patient involvement.
AB  - A stratified sample of 72 nurses, physicians and members of the general public
      met together in small tripartite dialogue groups each month for 20 months, in
      order to mutually identify health care behaviors that effectively involve
      patients in their own health care. Content analysis of 200 hours of verbatim
      transcripts from the dialogue sessions yielded 1245 patient involvement
      behaviors. These behaviors were rated by all subjects for their degree of
      importance within the normative health care relationship through use of a Likert
      type inventory. Analysis of the 656 behaviors from the inventory which were
      classified as essential for effective patient involvement produced 44 clusters,
      with inter-item correlations ranging from 0.80 to 0.95. Further reduction of the
      44 clusters indicated six core clusters, suggesting key norms that existed
      regarding effective involvement of patients in their own care. Salient norms
      centered on overt contracts in health relationships, egalitarian communication
      between patient and professional, patient access to broad-based information,
      tailoring of treatment programs, self-care and lifestyle modification. The lack
      of congruence between these norms and the realities of health care is discussed.

PMID- 3704687
TI  - Professionals and professions: a philosophical examination of an ideal.
AB  - Being regarded as a professional and having one's occupational group regarded as
      a profession are often deemed desirable. It is not immediately apparent why this
      is so. 'Professional' often contrasts simply with 'amateur', and as a label
      conveys not honor but the recognition that the one so labelled is paid for doing
      what others do for free. But there is a distinct, honorific sense in which the
      professional contrasts not with the amateur but with the person who simply has a
      job rather than a life-long calling. It is in this honorific sense that
      physicians, attorneys and members of the clergy serve as paradigm professionals.
      Aspiring professionals in disciplines other than the paradigm ones regard
      themselves as more nearly like these paradigms than is usually recognized, and
      this is their claim to recognition as professionals. The paper explores several
      possible points of similarity by developing an account of the ideal for
      professionals which has been held in Western society at least since the time of
      the Hippocratic Oath, which best captures its spirit. As the Oath makes clear,
      professionals have fiduciary relations with their patients or clients, and
      provide services of a personal nature. The paper explores the principal demands
      of this ideal, the principal steps which physicians have taken in pursuit of it,
      and some of the implications of this ideal for various groups of social
      scientists associated with medicine. Finally, it recognizes a professional spirit
      or attitude which transcends occupation.

PMID- 3704689
TI  - Why medical students will not practice in rural areas: evidence from a survey.
AB  - A survey of medical students was held in order to determine the reasons why they
      were not willing to set up practice in rural areas after graduation. The reasons
      they gave were quite typical: lack of facilities, lack of opportunities for
      themselves and their family, poor income, etc. We also discovered that not many
      were acquainted with rural health conditions and a very great percentage wanted
      to go to the West for specialisation. We have tried to set their responses in
      light of the socio-economic and political system prevalent in a typical
      capitalist UDC. The conclusion that we have reached is that it is the class
      system in these societies which has determined the responses of the students, and
      it is the main factor which causes a dearth of medical manpower in rural areas.

PMID- 3704688
TI  - Unemployment stress: loss of control, reactance and learned helplessness.
AB  - The present study was concerned with stress-related consequences of unemployment
      and the behavioral changes related to this experience of control loss. Subjects
      were sampled along a continuum of time since unemployment, including a control
      group of employed subjects. Results indicated evidence of stress responding among
      the unemployed subjects, measured as increased levels of urinary catecholamines
      and behavioral performance deficits. Further evidence is presented which analyzes
      subjects' attributions and behaviors in terms of the theories of reactance and
      learned helplessness. Results support a biphasic response to loss of control with
      reactance manifested at early stages of control loss and learned helplessness at
      later stages.

PMID- 3704690
TI  - Health professionals' factual knowledge and changing attitudes toward
      transsexuals.
AB  - General practitioners (GPs), obstetrician-gynecologists, urologists,
      psychiatrists and clinical psychologists (total N = 202) were randomly surveyed
      to assess their knowledge of the syndrome of transsexuality and their attitudes
      toward transsexual patients and sex reassignment surgery. A low return rate,
      though, requires that the present data be interpreted prudently. Where possible,
      the current findings were compared with the attitudinal data published in 1966 by
      Green, Stoller and MacAndrew. Over this interval an increasingly liberal and
      favorable trend in attitudes was noted amongst all medical specialties. 'Liberal'
      refers to a willingness to recommend a surgical remedy and 'favorable' refers to
      a less psychopathological perspective of the syndrome and greater social
      acceptance of these individuals. In the present sample GPs tend to hold the most
      conservative views, while clinical psychologists consistently endorse the most
      liberal positions. No differences emerged among the five groups of health care
      professionals on the factual knowledge assessment.

PMID- 3704691
TI  - Parental knowledge and misconceptions about asthma: a controlled study.
AB  - We interviewed the parents of 128 asthmatic children about their knowledge and
      misconceptions of asthma. Two-third or more gave correct responses to questions
      on aetiology and pathogenesis, pathophysiology, symptomatology, precipitants and
      outcome of asthma. A control group of parents of 110 children admitted to the
      hospital with minor surgical complaints performed equally well on the knowledge
      questions, except for four sub-questions: (1) allergy as an aetiologic factor in
      asthma (64.5% vs 83.6%, P = 0.002), (2) constriction of airways as a bodily
      change during an asthmatic attack (75.4% vs 91.3%, P = 0.004), (3) cough as a
      symptom of asthma (82.7% vs 99.2%, P less than 0.001) and (4) change in weather
      (81.0% vs 95.5%, P = 0.002) or cold weather (60.9% vs 74.2%, P = 0.015) as
      triggers of asthma. However, a significant minority of both groups of parents
      were found to harbour misconceptions about asthma. Between 10-20% believed that
      poor care, inappropriate diet during pregnancy or premature birth can predispose
      a child to asthma. About one-third believed that bodily changes during an
      asthmatic attack include loss of control or paralysis of chest muscles, infection
      of lungs and compression of the lungs by the stomach. Also about one-third
      believed that swallowing a hard object or touching a poisonous plant can set off
      an asthmatic attack. Some 10% believed that diarrhoea is a symptom of asthma,
      while 50% regarded sore throat as a symptom. Up to 40% believed in restriction of
      outdoor play by asthmatic children.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3704692
TI  - Psychosocial wellness among spiritual healing participants.
AB  - The findings reported are based on an exploratory, comparison group study of
      participants in spiritual healing practices carried out over a 2-year period
      (1981-1983) in Baltimore, Md. In this study, participation in such forms of
      healing, which generally occurs in small groups, is related to various measures
      of psychosocial wellness defined as the emic construct of 'subjective health'.
      Interview data from regular participants in two types of healing group,
      charismatic (n = 83) and metaphysical (n = 93), were compared with regular
      utilizers of primary care (n = 137), using the same data collection procedures.
      Members of the two types of healing group differ on some social attribute data.
      Members of charismatic healing groups tend to be of slightly lower SES overall
      than members of metaphysical healing groups. Members of both types of healing
      groups, however, had significantly more positive scores on wellness measures than
      primary care patients, even when sex, age, marital status, illness severity and
      religiosity were controlled statistically. Findings suggest that such groups play
      a social support function among regular participants, and that participation in
      specific healing systems can be seen as a contextual variable which has an effect
      on subjective self-reports of health or, as defined here, wellness.

PMID- 3704693
TI  - Health protective behaviors in first year medical students.
AB  - Individual health behaviors are an important aspect of preventive care. A survey
      of 164 entering medical students examined their health protective behaviors,
      including the three things they most frequently did to protect their health and
      thirty specific health behaviors studied in a previous analysis of the general
      population. The first semester results show similarities between the students and
      the general population. Diet and sleep were among the most important health
      protective behaviors in students and the population, but exercise and
      relaxation/stress control were more prevalent in students than in the public.
      Medical students were much more likely to be nonsmokers and wear seat belts than
      the public, but less likely to get regular checkups or see doctors when they felt
      healthy. Students also reported fewer personal safety and accident prevention
      behaviors. A resurvey at the beginning of the second semester showed a very high
      consistency with original behaviors. Among the students there were few health
      behavior differences by sex and martial status. These findings suggest students
      in medical school practice common but not extensive health protective behaviors
      which do not decline severely upon entry to medical school.

PMID- 3704695
TI  - A word to the wise: all that glitters is not gold.

PMID- 3704694
TI  - Cultural perspective on the diagnosis of reactive hypoglycemia.

PMID- 3704696
TI  - Fragile-X mental retardation syndrome transmitted through intellectually normal
      males: implications for genetic counseling.
AB  - The fragile-X mental retardation syndrome is the second most common identifiable
      cause of mental retardation in man. This condition violates many of the
      expectations for X-linked disorders, including the transmission of the syndrome
      through men who carry the gene but, for unknown reasons, do not express it. Two
      new cases of male transmission are presented along with four other cases
      heretofore unidentified in the literature, bringing the total number of confirmed
      or probable cases of transmission through normal men to 32. The various
      unorthodox characteristics of the syndrome are reviewed in light of their
      influence on genetic counseling. Recommendations for counseling families with
      fragile-X include evaluating all sons of carrier women psychometrically and
      cytogenetically, abandoning termination of pregnancies with male fetuses as a
      means of preventing the fragile-X syndrome, assuming that all mothers of sporadic
      cases are carriers, and karyotyping at-risk female members at an early age.

PMID- 3704697
TI  - Myocardial damage and electrical injuries: significance of early elevation of CPK
      MB isoenzymes.
AB  - Significant cardiac complications among immediate survivors of high-voltage
      electrical injuries are less common than previously suspected. Transient
      arrhythmias predominate. The MB isoenzyme of serum creatine phosphokinase may be
      factitiously elevated within the first 48 hours after injury. In the absence of
      clinical symptoms or electrocardiographic signs of ischemia, early isolated
      elevation of this cardiac isoenzyme should not preclude an aggressive surgical
      approach.

PMID- 3704698
TI  - Freestanding emergency centers and the patient population of internists.
AB  - To compare the characteristics of patients seeking care in freestanding emergency
      centers with the patients seen by internists, we studied the adult populations of
      two freestanding emergency centers (FECs) through an audit of medical records for
      20 days randomly selected throughout 1983. We recorded the age, sex, time of
      visit, whether the patient claimed a family physician, diagnosis, laboratory
      tests, and charges, and compared the data with those from earlier national
      studies of internists' practices. Of the 1,061 FEC visits audited, 78% were by
      patients 20 to 44 years of age. Only 3.2% of FEC patients were 65 or older, an
      age group that accounted for more than a third (35.2%) of the patients seen by a
      national sample of internists. More than half (55.3%) of the FEC patients claimed
      family physicians. Visits to FECs were most frequently trauma-related (34.1%) or
      for medical or special examinations (17.1%). Laboratory tests were ordered in
      35.5% of FEC encounters. Fees for 62.1% of FEC visits were less than $41.

PMID- 3704699
TI  - Correlation of the one-minute Apgar score and umbilical cord acid-base status.
AB  - The one-minute Apgar score has proven useful by ensuring rapid assessment of the
      neonate, but is often poorly correlated with other indicators of intrauterine
      well-being. Since fetal asphyxia is directly associated with neonatal acidosis, a
      low Apgar score in the face of normal pH and base deficit does not indicate an
      asphyxiated infant. In a study to ascertain the feasibility of combining
      umbilical artery pH with the one-minute Apgar score for neonatal assessment,
      umbilical artery pH and Apgar scores were obtained on 212 singleton pregnancies.
      When the Apgar score was less than 7, more than half (60%) of the neonates had a
      normal umbilical artery pH. Fifty-one percent of this group had had intubation
      and nasopharyngeal suctioning, procedures known to be associated with lowered
      Apgar scores. When reviewing the umbilical artery gas values and base deficit in
      those neonates with a pH less than 7.20, we found that of the eight patients with
      an Apgar score of 7 or greater, seven (87.5%) were classified as having metabolic
      acidosis, with only one having respiratory acidosis. In the neonates with Apgar
      scores of less than 7, approximately two thirds had blood gas values compatible
      with metabolic acidosis, while the others displayed respiratory acidosis. We
      recommend, therefore, that neonates with a one-minute Apgar score less than 7
      have umbilical artery pH determinations to confirm the presence or absence of
      acidosis. We also recommend that when the pH is less than 7.20, a complete set of
      gas values be evaluated with that specimen. This information offers more precise
      confirmation of the diagnosis of fetal distress and neonatal asphyxia, both for
      treatment and more reliable follow-up data, as well as for medicolegal purposes.

PMID- 3704700
TI  - Tissue expansion in the treatment of hypertrophic scars and scar contractures.
AB  - The temporary tissue expander can generate an excess of full-thickness skin that
      can be recruited into an adjacent area of tissue deficiency caused by scar
      contracture. The creation of a pseudobursa enhances the functional improvement
      gained by this technique. Now in its developmental stage, tissue expansion
      carries an alarming complication rate (33%), but we expect refinements in
      technique to diminish this percentage.

PMID- 3704701
TI  - Use of a medical facility by Christian Scientists.
AB  - Our study, unique in its use of medical records as well as self-report data, was
      conducted to ascertain the extent to which Christian Scientists used a medical
      facility and whether or not such use was related to the experience of psychologic
      stress. Their use of medical facilities was found to be low, and it was
      positively related to stress.

PMID- 3704702
TI  - Physicians' opinions of the accuracy, accessibility, and frequency of use of ten
      sources of new drug information.
AB  - We surveyed internists, surgeons, and general practitioners in a six-county area
      of North Carolina to determine how accurate and accessible they believed ten
      sources of new drug information to be and how frequently they used each of the
      sources. Evaluable questionnaires were returned by 119 of the 336 physicians. The
      majority indicated that all sources were accessible. Commercial sources were
      thought to be less accurate than noncommercial sources, but were used more
      frequently (P less than .0002), especially by physicians who had practiced more
      than 15 years (P less than .02). Written sources were thought to be more accurate
      (P less than .0001) and were preferred over oral sources of new drug information
      (P less than .0004). Pharmacists and pharmacology textbooks were believed to be
      both accurate and accessible, but were relatively infrequently used.

PMID- 3704703
TI  - Infant mortality in a rural health district in Georgia, 1974 to 1981.
AB  - In 1979 the infant mortality rate (IMR) dropped nearly 50% in a rural health
      district in southeast Georgia, and this lower rate continued during the next two
      years. For infants born during 1979 to 1981, the IMR was 12.4 as compared with
      21.6 for those born from 1974 to 1978. Using linked birth and infant death
      records to identify shifts in the components of infant mortality in this
      district, we found that the change in IMR primarily reflected a decrease in
      neonatal and postneonatal deaths among infants with birth weight greater than or
      equal to 2,500 gm, rather than a change in the distribution of birth weights.
      Although the IMR was approximately twofold higher in white than in black infants,
      a similar relative decline in mortality was observed in both racial groups. For
      infants weighing greater than or equal to 2,500 gm, approximately half of the
      lower death rate was due to fewer deaths caused by infections. The decline in
      mortality in this district was greater than declines in neighboring districts and
      accompanied efforts to improve services for medically indigent mothers and
      infants. The findings suggest that in areas with high infant mortality, initial
      efforts to lower mortality should focus on primary care programs rather than more
      specialized interventions.

PMID- 3704704
TI  - Hilar adenopathy.

PMID- 3704705
TI  - The physician's role in alternative health care systems.

PMID- 3704706
TI  - Haemophilus paraphrophilus endocarditis.
AB  - We have described a previously healthy medical student who had endocarditis due
      to Haemophilus paraphrophilus necessitating replacement of the mitral valve. We
      compared this case to the 11 previously reported cases of endocarditis caused by
      this organism, stressing the fastidious nature of the organism, its destructive
      nature, and its propensity for thromboembolism.

PMID- 3704707
TI  - Thyrotoxicosis associated with distant metastatic follicular carcinoma of the
      thyroid.
AB  - In a man with metastatic follicular carcinoma of the thyroid, thyrotoxicosis
      developed after total thyroidectomy and was successfully treated with antithyroid
      medications. Treatment with radioactive iodine decreased the size of the distant
      metastasis and eventually diminished thyroid hormone production. Follicular
      carcinoma complicated by hyperthyroidism requires vigorous control of the
      hypermetabolic state. Treatment with radioactive iodine can effectively reduce
      metabolic complications and tumor bulk, and yields a remission rate as high as
      33%.

PMID- 3704708
TI  - Unsuspected "isolated" dislocation of the radial head in an adult.
AB  - We have described a patient who as a child sustained a Monteggia's fracture that
      was neither diagnosed nor treated. Neurologic deficit and limitation of motion
      were clinically apparent. A high index of suspicion, careful examination of the
      patient, and high-quality roentgenograms should enable accurate diagnosis of this
      and similar lesions in less obvious cases, thus avoiding the complications of
      missed diagnosis.

PMID- 3704709
TI  - Culture-negative endocarditis with purpura and arterial emboli.
AB  - We have presented a case of culture-negative endocarditis in which purpura and
      arterial emboli were the major findings, and in which echocardiograms were
      normal, but angiograms revealed vegetations and unsuspected severe aortic valve
      insufficiency.

PMID- 3704710
TI  - Ruptured right atrium from nonpenetrating trauma of the chest.
AB  - As with our case, patients with rupture of the atrium may survive untreated for
      prolonged periods. Although three survivors have been reported after rupture of
      the right or left ventricle, ventricular injuries are usually fatal. With
      improvements in transportation methods, rapid recognition and diagnosis, and
      early operative intervention, we would expect more patients with this type of
      injury to survive.

PMID- 3704711
TI  - Survival in cerebro-rhino-orbital zygomycosis and cavernous sinus thrombosis with
      combined therapy.
AB  - An alcoholic man with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus had right conjunctivitis,
      facial numbness, and periorbital edema progressing to bilateral visual loss, and
      left ptosis in association with a large necrotic palatal ulcer due to
      zygomycosis. The infection progressed to bilateral retinal vein engorgement; left
      sided ophthalmoplegia, fixed dilated pupil, and absent corneal reflex; and right
      sided ophthalmoplegia, ptosis, and facial nerve paralysis. Work-up revealed
      disease of both ethmoid sinuses and the right maxillary sinus, with bilateral
      thromboses of the cavernous sinuses. An aggressive combined therapeutic attack
      (three Caldwell-Luc procedures, exploration of orbit walls, control of diabetes,
      systemic and local amphotericin therapy) led to survival with a three-year follow
      up thus far.

PMID- 3704712
TI  - Progressive pulmonary disease caused by Mycobacterium gordonae.
AB  - Mycobacterium gordonae has been considered a true saprophyte of the respiratory
      tract, unable to produce pulmonary disease. We have reported a case of
      progressive pulmonary disease due to Mycobacterium gordonae which has failed to
      improve with multiple combinations of antituberculous drugs over a period of
      eight years.

PMID- 3704713
TI  - Sepsis from Flavobacterium meningosepticum, an uncommon pathogen with unusual
      susceptibility patterns.
AB  - Flavobacterium meningosepticum, because of its unusual susceptibility patterns
      and predilection for debilitated or immunocompromised hosts, can be a dangerous
      pathogen. Identification of the organism and proper susceptibility studies, which
      are essential in designing antibiotic therapy, helped in the selection of a
      regimen that proved curative in this case.

PMID- 3704714
TI  - Necrotizing arteritis associated with blastomycosis.
AB  - We have described a patient with cavitary pulmonary fungal infection, probably
      blastomycosis, with necrotizing arteritis of the skin. The pulmonary and skin
      lesions resolved with amphotericin B therapy.

PMID- 3704715
TI  - Septic arthritis due to Bacillus.

PMID- 3704716
TI  - Studies of dementia and Alzheimer's disease: remembering those who forget.

PMID- 3704717
TI  - Mortality from presenile and senile dementia in the United States.
AB  - From 1968 through 1973, 1,915 deaths in the United States were attributed to
      senile dementia, and 1,463 deaths were attributed to presenile dementia. The
      corresponding average annual age-adjusted mortality rates per million population
      (adjusted to the 1970 US population) were 5.2 and 3.9, respectively, suggesting
      considerable underreporting. In view of the limitations associated with the
      analysis of causes of death, these data should be interpreted with caution. The
      average annual age-specific mortality rates for all dementias combined display a
      smooth, continuously rising curve with increasing age. This finding is consistent
      with the hypothesis that the majority of deaths attributed to presenile dementia
      and the majority of deaths from senile dementia are the result of the same
      disease entity.

PMID- 3704718
TI  - Hepatotoxicity after long-term methotrexate therapy.
AB  - To reassess the need for repeat liver biopsies in patients receiving long-term
      methotrexate therapy, we reviewed the results of 15 biopsies in 14 such patients
      seen from 1979 to 1984 at the Medical University of South Carolina. Significant
      changes in liver histology were found in seven patients. These findings did not
      correlate with biochemical abnormalities, presence of anemia or obesity, or age
      when methotrexate therapy was initiated. Four of the 15 biopsies (27%) showed
      grade III or IV histologic changes (fibrosis or cirrhosis), which led to
      discontinuance of treatment. The single most significant factor predisposing to
      toxicity appeared to be the duration of therapy, though the cumulative doses, no
      patient with grade III or IV histology had been treated for less than five years.
      Thus, surveillance liver biopsies at suitable intervals are advisable once the
      patient has been treated for five years or more. Conversely, liver biopsies
      within the first five years of treatment with methotrexate appear not to be
      necessary, though these results should be confirmed in a larger patient group.

PMID- 3704719
TI  - Kaposi's sarcoma: a comparative analysis in 17 white and 19 black patients.
AB  - Kaposi's sarcoma is a multicentric, malignant, neoplastic process that manifests
      itself as multiple vascular tumors. We present a comparative, retrospective
      analysis of demographic and survival data involving patients with Kaposi's
      sarcoma seen at Charity Hospital, New Orleans, over a 35-year period. The
      proportion of blacks and women is significantly higher than previously reported.
      Both blacks and men suffered relatively greater morbidity. In addition, the
      incidence of second primary malignancies in this group of patients is lower than
      previously reported.

PMID- 3704720
TI  - Nerve root cut-off on metrizamide-enhanced computerized tomography.
AB  - The "wink" sign of nerve root cut-off seen on metrizamide-enhanced computerized
      tomography correlates well with compression of a lumbar nerve by a herniated
      disk. Seven of 46 patients had normal or equivocal myelograms, but had definite
      nerve root cut-off on metrizamide-enhanced CT scan. All seven patients were found
      to have a herniated lumbar disk at operation or a diskogram positive for
      herniation at the time of chymopapain injection. The wink sign is an additional
      objective finding that can be used in assessing the patient with sciatica.

PMID- 3704721
TI  - Fetal distress after hydralazine therapy for severe pregnancy-induced
      hypertension.
AB  - Hydralazine is the most commonly used antihypertensive agent for patients with
      severe toxemic states. Its use, however, can produce hypotension and acute
      uteroplacental insufficiency, resulting in fetal distress. Our review of hospital
      charts of severely preeclamptic or eclamptic patients observed during a two-year
      period showed that 24 of 77 patients were treated with hydralazine; the remainder
      were not. Of those receiving hydralazine, 38% (9/24) were delivered by cesarean
      section because of fetal distress, as compared to 9% (5/53) of those not
      receiving hydralazine (P less than .01). Of patients whose hydralazine therapy
      was inappropriate, 82% (9/11) incurred fetal distress versus 38% (5/13) when
      hydralazine was appropriately administered (P less than .05). In patients
      receiving hydralazine, fetal distress is in part the consequence of the severity
      of the disease, but excess use of antihypertensive agents appears to increase
      this risk.

PMID- 3704722
TI  - Hyperfibrinogenemia as a cause of prolonged thrombin clotting time.
AB  - Recognized causes of a prolonged thrombin clotting time (TCT) include a decreased
      plasma fibrinogen level, dysfibrinogenemia, paraproteinemia, heparin
      contamination, elevated levels of fibrin degradation products, and liver failure.
      We have frequently seen patients with an isolated prolonged TCT in the absence of
      any of these conditions and without obvious clinical impact. During a previous
      evaluation of hyperfibrinogenemia, we noted a surprisingly high incidence of
      prolonged TCT, prompting this evaluation of hyperfibrinogenemia as a possible
      cause. In our prospective study nine patients had a TCT more than 3 seconds
      longer than a matched control subject's TCT, with simultaneously normal
      prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times. Eight patients had
      fibrinogen levels more than 100 mg/dl above the control level (range 383 to 1,223
      mg/dl). Only one patient's prolonged TCT could be explained on the basis of
      elevated levels of fibrin degradation products. In vitro studies in both a
      purified fibrinogen system and in plasma confirmed a delay in TCT with increasing
      initial fibrinogen concentrations. Kinetic measurements demonstrated a slowing of
      the normal initial increase in turbidity seen upon the addition of thrombin.
      Possible explanations include binding of thrombin to fibrin, or interference with
      fibrin assembly by excess fibrinogen. Regardless of the kinetic explanation,
      isolated prolongations of TCT due to hyperfibrinogenemia appear to be of minimal
      clinical significance.

PMID- 3704723
TI  - Adnexal torsion: a mind-twisting diagnosis.
AB  - We have reviewed cases of adnexal torsion surgically managed at Scott and White
      Clinic during the past seven years, and have found that a high index of suspicion
      is the clinician's best tool in diagnosing adnexal torsion.

PMID- 3704724
TI  - Symptomatic separation of the pubic symphysis.
AB  - We present seven cases of pubic symphyseal discomfort in pregnancy or
      parturition. These patients were unable to walk and had other signs and symptoms
      similar to those of osteitis pubis. We differentiate this condition from
      classical osteitis pubis by the lack of a prolonged course, symptoms, and
      clinical findings rather than radiologic criteria. We propose that in patients
      with symphyseal pain and tenderness, difficulty with ambulation, and a clinical
      course of less than three weeks, symptomatic symphyseal separation should be
      considered the diagnosis.

PMID- 3704725
TI  - Child abuse reporting by physicians.
AB  - Despite the prominent role of physicians in the child abuse reporting statutes of
      all 50 states, there is little published information concerning child abuse
      reporting by physicians. Our study examines the number and type of child abuse
      reports originating from physicians compared to other reporting sources. Reports
      by physicians comprised only 8% of the total number of child abuse reports
      received in Virginia in 1983. Reports by physicians were founded more often than
      reports from any other source, however, so that physicians contributed 14% of the
      reports that were ultimately founded. When compared to reports by all other
      sources, physician reports contained a significantly greater proportion of cases
      of physical abuse (P less than .0001), but a smaller proportion of physical
      neglect (P less than .0001). Physicians appear to be reporting those types of
      abuse that they are in a unique position to observe.

PMID- 3704726
TI  - Analysis of peritoneal fluid in urinary ascites.
AB  - Urinary ascites may be the most common cause of ascites in the neonate, and
      should be suspected in an infant with abdominal distention, oliguria,
      hyponatremia, and hyperkalemia. The diagnosis is confirmed when analysis of the
      peritoneal fluid shows creatinine, urea, and potassium concentrations higher than
      corresponding serum concentrations. The establishment of adequate urinary
      drainage by catheterization of the bladder or nephrostomy rapidly corrects
      electrolyte abnormalities.

PMID- 3704727
TI  - Internship: what is stressful?
AB  - We periodically evaluated 27 interns for mood states and psychophysiologic
      functions during their internship year. At the end of the year they were
      questioned as to what they had found to be stressful and/or supportive during the
      year. Stressful issues were inadequate sleep, inadequate time to pursue personal
      matters, and inadequate personal interest and support from attending physicians.
      Helping to reduce stress were support from, and camaraderie with, fellow house
      officers. Those interns who had more emotional distress experienced less support
      from others and felt more isolated. The amount of sleep did not differentiate
      those who were more dysphoric from those who had less distress. We conclude that
      the major issue in determining the amount of distress experienced during the
      internship is the quality of the individual's social support system.

PMID- 3704728
TI  - Eosinophilia.

PMID- 3704729
TI  - The ten least wanted patients.

PMID- 3704730
TI  - Clyde.

PMID- 3704731
TI  - Isolated right ventricular infarction: a rare complication of coronary artery
      dissection.
AB  - Infarction of the right ventricle generally occurs in association with posterior
      left ventricular infarction, and isolated right ventricular infarction is
      unusual. We have reported a case of acute infarction of the right ventricle
      unassociated with infarction of the left ventricle in a patient with type I
      aortic dissection that extended into the right coronary artery, resulting in near
      complete occlusion of its lumen. We believe that poor collateral circulation of
      the myocardium played a major role in the pathogenesis of isolated right
      ventricular infarction after sudden occlusion of the right coronary artery.

PMID- 3704732
TI  - Duane's retraction syndrome associated with cerebral arteriovenous malformation.
AB  - We have described a case of Duane's retraction syndrome in association with well
      documented cerebral arteriovenous malformation. This syndrome has been previously
      reported in association with anomalies of other parts of the body, but perusal of
      pertinent literature did not disclose reports of such a combination as seen in
      our patient.

PMID- 3704734
TI  - Thiazide-induced hyponatremia: an unusual neurologic course.
AB  - We have presented a case of thiazide-induced hyponatremia that followed an
      unusual course after the patient, suffering from extreme lethargy, was admitted
      with a serum sodium concentration of 104 mEq/L. Although the electrolyte
      imbalance was essentially corrected within 20 hours and there was clinical
      improvement, three days later the patient suddenly lost consciousness. She was
      comatose for more than a month, apparently from extrapontine myelinolysis. After
      a dramatic improvement, the patient was discharged with almost no neurologic
      deficit.

PMID- 3704733
TI  - Brucella canis: an infectious cause of prolonged fever of undetermined origin.
AB  - We have reported a case documenting the difficulties encountered in diagnosing
      and treating patients with brucellosis caused by Brucella canis, including the
      nonspecific clinical presentation, low level of intermittent bacteremias, the
      slow-growing, fastidious nature of the organism, and the lack of antigenic cross
      reactivity with the antigens usually used in routine Brucella serology. Further,
      the predominant southeastern United States epidemiology of this organism and the
      importance of exposure to dogs are also demonstrated by this report. It is
      important that physicians caring for patients in this region of the country be
      aware of the epidemiologic, serologic, and microbiologic pitfalls encountered in
      diagnosing B canis infections.

PMID- 3704735
TI  - Lupus erythematosus keratoconjunctivitis.
AB  - A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and a three-month history of
      bilateral follicular conjunctivitis had both a superficial and deep culture
      negative keratitis. Although SLE interstitial keratitis is uncommon, it must be
      recognized as a definite clinical entity. Its prompt recognition and treatment
      with corticosteroids may quickly bring about improvement, whereas if it is
      unrecognized, corneal scarring and loss of vision may follow.

PMID- 3704737
TI  - Epidermoid cyst of the spleen manifested as an abdominal abscess.
AB  - We have reported a case of epidermoid cyst of the spleen, an uncommon congenital
      anomaly that usually occurs as an asymptomatic abdominal mass. The diagnosis of
      splenic cyst may be established by ultrasonography. Uncomplicated cysts should be
      resected, while infected cysts should be drained and resected after resolution of
      the infection. Splenic salvage should be achieved when possible.

PMID- 3704736
TI  - Heterotopic gastric mucosa of the esophagus.
AB  - We have described three patients with heterotopic gastric mucosa of the proximal
      esophagus, which has been recognized by pathologists since the early 19th
      century. In contrast to Barrett's esophagus, which is now known as an acquired
      metaplastic lesion of the esophagus, this mucosa is believed to be a remnant of
      incomplete epithelialization of the esophagus during fetal life. It has little
      clinical significance because of the small size of the mucosal patch and the
      neutralization of the acid by saliva.

PMID- 3704738
TI  - Double entrapment of the median nerve in association with PTFE hemodialysis loop
      grafts.

PMID- 3704739
TI  - Ovarian adenomyoma associated with an endometriotic cyst.
AB  - An adenomyoma was found in an endometriotic cyst of the right ovary of a 36-year
      old woman. We have not seen a previous report of this entity. The most likely
      source of the smooth muscle component of this tumor is from within endometrial
      tissue lining the cyst.

PMID- 3704740
TI  - Class 4 choledochal cyst.
AB  - We have described a class 4 choledochal cyst in a 24-year-old black woman treated
      with choledochocystoduodenostomy.

PMID- 3704741
TI  - Leiomyosarcoma of the rectum.
AB  - We have reported a case of leiomyosarcoma of the rectum. These tumors comprise
      0.1% of all rectal tumors, with about 100 cases having been reported.
      Symptomatology is nonspecific; digital examination is the most effective method
      of detection. Local surgical excision is as effective as abdominoperineal
      resection.

PMID- 3704742
TI  - Fatal warm antibody autoimmune hemolysis with marked erythrocyte
      autoagglutination and liver necrosis.
AB  - We have described a fatal case of autoimmune hemolysis associated with marked
      organ ischemia and lactic acidosis. Serologically the case was unusual because of
      the marked autoagglutination due to a warm antibody. Red cell agglutination at
      normal body temperature may have contributed to massive liver necrosis, lactic
      acidosis, and death.

PMID- 3704743
TI  - Crossed ectopia of a solitary kidney associated with anal atresia.

PMID- 3704744
TI  - Giving local anesthetics.

PMID- 3704745
TI  - Frozen sections in operations for pancreatic carcinoma.

PMID- 3704746
TI  - Obstruction of the common bile duct by necrotic liver tissue.

PMID- 3704747
TI  - Occlusive dressings.

PMID- 3704748
TI  - Measurement of social disability in a schizophrenic patient group. Definition,
      assessment and outcome over 2 years in a cohort of schizophrenic patients of
      recent onset.

PMID- 3704749
TI  - Differences in symptomatology and social adjustment between urban and rural
      schizophrenics.

PMID- 3704750
TI  - Factors related to psychiatric disability.

PMID- 3704751
TI  - Social and clinical correlates of unemployment in two cohorts of male
      parasuicides.

PMID- 3704752
TI  - Care of chronic mental patients in The Netherlands.

PMID- 3704753
TI  - [Institutional study of patients hospitalized at the Bergamo psychiatric
      hospital: a comparison of patients hospitalized in 1963 and 1973].

PMID- 3704754
TI  - A comparative study of alcoholics and drug addicts in an Arabian Gulf country.

PMID- 3704755
TI  - [Electron microscopy in gastric polyposis].

PMID- 3704756
TI  - [Conservative treatment of uncomplicated fractures of lower thoracic and lumbar
      vertebrae].

PMID- 3704757
TI  - [Treatment of suppurative wounds with a helium-cadmium laser].

PMID- 3704758
TI  - [Effect of diuretics on serum lipids in hypertension].

PMID- 3704759
TI  - [Exchange plasmapheresis in diffuse suppurative peritonitis].

PMID- 3704760
TI  - [Electroencephalography in persistent galactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome during
      treatment with parlodel].

PMID- 3704761
TI  - [Abdominal syndrome in the structure of cerebral paroxysms in children and
      adolescents].

PMID- 3704762
TI  - [Pneumomyelography and computerized tomography in lumbar osteochondrosis].

PMID- 3704763
TI  - [The gastrochamber as a method of mass endoscopic examination].

PMID- 3704764
TI  - [Selective use of erythrocyte fractions].

PMID- 3704765
TI  - [Angiography in the diagnosis of hand injuries].

PMID- 3704766
TI  - [Pulmonary circulation in patients with esophageal cancer].

PMID- 3704767
TI  - [Neurological and mental disorders in thermal injuries].

PMID- 3704768
TI  - [Acute conditions in the clinical picture of internal diseases at different
      periods of the year and the heliogeophysical situation].

PMID- 3704770
TI  - [Ultraviolet irradiation of autologous blood in stomach ulcer].

PMID- 3704769
TI  - [Effect of peripheral vasodilators on thrombocyte aggregation in chronic
      circulatory insufficiency].

PMID- 3704771
TI  - [Association of peptic ulcer with periodic disease].

PMID- 3704772
TI  - Dual approach in the surgical treatment of juvenile kyphosis.

PMID- 3704773
TI  - Treating arthritis with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDS) without
      damaging the stomach.

PMID- 3704774
TI  - Physical signs of instability.

PMID- 3704775
TI  - Neurologic injuries with the Galveston technique of L-rod instrumentation for
      scoliosis.
AB  - A group of surgeons who used the Galveston technique for L-rod instrumentation
      (LRI) were surveyed to learn their experience with associated neurologic
      injuries. Among 507 LRIs for scoliosis there were two partial cord syndromes
      (0.4%), 13 "nerve root hyperesthesias" (2.6%), and two other nerve injuries
      (0.4%). All patients, except one with mild residuals after a partial cord injury,
      fully recovered from their neurologic problem. Experience in spinal surgery,
      education about LRI strategies and techniques, hands-on technical instruction,
      and use of an established process for LRI are believed to be the factors that
      enabled these surgeons to perform this complex procedure with relative safety.

PMID- 3704776
TI  - Ventral derotation spondylodesis. A review of 22 cases.
AB  - Twenty-two patients with major lumbar or thoracolumbar curves were treated with
      Zielke's modification of the Dwyer instrumentation, termed the "ventral
      derotation spondylodesis (VDS) system. In 16 patients, this was followed by
      planned second-stage posterior Harrington instrumentation and fusion. Six
      patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis were treated with VDS
      instrumentation and fusion alone. In neuromuscular and adult idiopathic
      scoliosis, a combined approach resulted in excellent curve correction and a high
      rate of successful fusion. In adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, VDS
      instrumentation alone resulted in excellent curve correction while permitting a
      shorter fusion length than conventional posterior Harrington instrumentation.

PMID- 3704777
TI  - Anatomic location of spinal cord injury. Relationship to the cause of injury.
AB  - In a population based sample, 550 of 619 people with fatal and nonfatal spinal
      cord injuries were classified according to the cause of injury and according to
      the anatomic location of the highest spinal cord injury. Motor vehicle occupants
      accounted for 42% of the people with spinal cord injuries. Sixty percent of those
      injured had a cervical cord injury, 25% a thoracic cord injury, and 15% a
      lumbosacral cord injury. The specific anatomic locations most commonly injured
      were at C1 (12% of all spinal cord injuries), C6 (9%), and L2 (5%). The anatomic
      site of injury was significantly (P less than 0.001) related to the cause of
      injury. Thirty-seven percent of the spinal cord injuries from firearms and 97% of
      those from diving were located in the cervical cord. In contrast, 68% of spinal
      cord injuries to motor vehicle occupants were cervical; 17% at C1. The
      distribution of injuries among drivers was similar to that among other occupants.

PMID- 3704778
TI  - Arteriovenous malformations of the spinal cord in the pediatric age group. Case
      report and review of the literature.
AB  - Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the spinal cord are a rare occurrence in
      the pediatric age group. This report describes the successful, complete removal
      of such a lesion in a boy age 12. The clinico-radiological findings and different
      treatment modalities of these entities are reviewed.

PMID- 3704779
TI  - The effect of discography on the canine intervertebral disc.
AB  - With increasing use of chemonucleolysis, interest and use of discography is at an
      all-time high. Various reports in past years have disagreed on the safety and
      efficacy of intradiscal injections of contrast mediums. This experimental study
      was devised to determine the effects of discography on the gross and histologic
      appearance of the lumbar intervertebral disc. Through a laparotomy approach, five
      lumbar discs in ten dogs were exposed. In each dog, one disc served as a control,
      another punctured with a needle, and the others injected with metrizamide,
      hypaque, or saline, At 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks postoperative, two dogs were
      killed at each time interval. Examination of the discs revealed no gross
      differences between any of the groups. The normal gross architecture of the
      concentric annulus and gelatinous nucleus was maintained in all specimens. This
      study found no evidence that discography results in gross or histologic damage to
      the intervertebral disc. It does not appear that discography will predispose a
      normal intervertebral disc to herniate. Discography alone appears to be a safe
      diagnostic procedure with no experimental evidence of any untoward gross or
      histologic effects.

PMID- 3704780
TI  - Spinal extradural angiolipoma. A case report and literature review.

PMID- 3704781
TI  - Treatment of a markedly displaced hangman's fracture with a luque rectangle and a
      posterior fusion in a 71-year-old man. Case report.

PMID- 3704782
TI  - A new bending device for luque rods.

PMID- 3704783
TI  - Primary Ewing's sarcoma of the spine. A review and case report.

PMID- 3704784
TI  - Candida tropicalis vertebral osteomyelitis and discitis. A case report and
      discussion on the diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 3704785
TI  - Posterior strut fusions to enhance immediate postoperative cervical stability.
AB  - In an attempt to enhance the immediate stability of posterior interspinous fusion
      constructs, the authors conducted the following project. Twenty-four adult
      mongrel dogs underwent a posterior C4-C5 fusion using iliac crest autogenous
      graft and internal fixation using either ulna struts (12) or metallic struts (12)
      fixed into position by sublaminar wires. Half of the animals were killed at
      either 1 week or 3 months postoperatively, and their C4-C5 motion segments were
      excised and studied radiologically, mechanically, and histologically. Both
      fusions created immediate and 3-month stability equivalent or superior to normal
      C4-C5 canine spinal segments. However, three dogs were rendered completely and
      two dogs incompletely quadriplegic by the surgery. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Because of
      the relatively high rate of neurologic injury associated with these procedures in
      normal dogs, the authors hesitate to endorse their use in all but complete
      quadriplegic patients.

PMID- 3704786
TI  - Sequestration of tibial cortical graft 25 years after posterior spine fusion
      using the Albee technique.

PMID- 3704787
TI  - Unilateral spondylolysis and contralateral pedicle fracture.

PMID- 3704788
TI  - Atlantoaxial impaction simulating a posterior fossa mass on computed tomography.
      A case report.

PMID- 3704789
TI  - Computed tomography of congenital absence of posterior elements in the
      thoracolumbar spine.

PMID- 3704790
TI  - Scoliosis and morphea.

PMID- 3704791
TI  - Traumatic rupture of the cervical transverse ligament in a child with a normal
      odontoid process. A case report.

PMID- 3704792
TI  - Absence of a pedicle in the spine metastatic disease versus aplasia.

PMID- 3704793
TI  - Myelopathy due to spinal arachnoid cyst. A case report.

PMID- 3704794
TI  - Paravertebral synovial osteochondromatosis. A case report.

PMID- 3704795
TI  - Ganglioneuroma of the sacrum. A case report.

PMID- 3704796
TI  - Simultaneous occurrence in the spine of osteoblastoma and hemangioendothelioma. A
      case report.

PMID- 3704797
TI  - Foramen transversarium enlargement due to tortuosity of the vertebral artery.
      Computed tomographic appearance.

PMID- 3704798
TI  - A variation on the Cobb method for calculating scoliotic curves.

PMID- 3704799
TI  - Postoperative instability after decompression for lumbar spinal stenosis.
AB  - Slipping after decompression for myelographically verified spinal stenosis (AP
      diameter less than or equal to 11 mm) was studied in 45 patients (32 men and 13
      women). Mean age at the time of operation was 64 years. Mean time of
      postoperative observation was 46 months. The results in 29 patients were
      excellent or good and in 16 unchanged or worse. Degenerative spondylolisthesis
      was found in 20 patients and acquired spinal stenosis in 25. Postoperative
      slipping was seen in 18 patients. Seven belonged to the good group. A significant
      increase of patients with slipping was seen in the poor group (P less than 0.01).
      An enhanced risk of further slipping was seen in degenerative spondylolisthesis
      (P less than 0.01), but it did not influence the result of the operation. The
      radicality of the operation was about equal in both the good and poor groups and
      in the groups with or without postoperative slipping. A general decrease of the
      disc heights after operation was seen in all groups but was not significant in
      the poor group.

PMID- 3704800
TI  - Roy-Camille plates in unstable spinal conditions. A preliminary report.
AB  - From 1979 to 1982, 21 consecutive patients with posttraumatic or pathologic
      fractures of the spine were treated at the University of Sherbrooke by Roy
      Camille plates to provide stabilization. Ten burst fractures and 11 fracture
      dislocations were treated in this manner. Nine patients had complete paraplegia,
      6 had various neurologic deficits, and 6 had no neurologic problems before
      operation. Using the technique described by Roy-Camille, the authors stabilized
      the spine with two plates in 18 patients and one plate plus fusion in 3. No major
      complications occurred with surgery nor after a follow-up of 1-3 1/2 years.
      Sixteen patients had no loss of correction, and 5 lost 10 degrees-12 degrees.
      This technique was safe and effective and thought to be a valid alternative to
      conventional forms of spinal fixation, particularly in paraplegic patients, in
      those with spinal metastasses, and in those necessitating extensive laminectomies
      impairing spinal stability.

PMID- 3704801
TI  - Injury of the annulus fibrosus and disc protrusions. An in vitro investigation on
      human lumbar discs.
AB  - Discs of 25 specimens of human lumbar motion segments were subjected to an
      internal division of the annulus fibrosus, sparing only a peripheral layer 1 mm
      thick. Thus an attempt was made to simulate an internal disruption of the annulus
      caused by a traumatic episode or a degenerative process. The disc bulge that
      developed at the site of the injury was observed under axial loads in the
      physiologic load range, after axial compression fracture and after intradiscal
      injection. Under 1,000-N load, the bulge amounted to less than 0.5 mm; typically
      it increased to less than 1.0 mm after fracture. An extrusion of disc material at
      the site of the annulus injury was never observed. The results suggest that a
      radial division of the annulus is not sufficient to produce a clinically relevant
      disc herniation; further prerequisites are a fragmentation of the disc material
      and a separation from the endplates.

PMID- 3704802
TI  - A study of vertebra and disc geometric relations of the human cervical and lumbar
      spine.
AB  - Geometric configuration and dimensions of the human vertebra were investigated
      using x-ray photographs of 157 normal, healthy men. A simplified model of the
      vertebra in the midsagittal plane is presented and used as a basis for
      measurements. Geometric considerations and statistical analysis served for
      correlating significant measurements of vertebral bodies and intervertebral disks
      of the human spine.

PMID- 3704803
TI  - Moment arm lengths of trunk muscles to the lumbosacral joint obtained in vivo
      with computed tomography.
AB  - Computed tomography is valuable in obtaining in vivo length of muscular moment
      arms, which can be used in biomechanical models. Using computed tomography, the
      authors measured lengths of the muscular moment arms of the erector spinae,
      psoas, oblique abdominal, and rectus abdominis muscles to the bilateral motion
      axis (about which flexion/extension movements occur) and to the anteroposterior
      motion axis (about which lateral bending occurs), both axes running through the
      lumbosacral joint. The subjects were 21 patients. Examinations were performed on
      a General Electric CT/T 7800 scanner. The average erector spinae moment arm to
      the bilateral motion axis was 68 mm, which is greater than the moment arm used
      earlier. The results also revealed significant differences in moment arm length
      between men and women for several muscles. The authors conclude that for some
      muscles different moment arm lengths should be used for men and for women. The
      moment arms reported are proposed for use in biomechanical models for calculating
      lumbosacral joint load.

PMID- 3704804
TI  - The role of the plaster bed after spinal fusion.
AB  - Between 1974 and 1983, 40 patients underwent intertransverse lumbar fusion at the
      Royal Free Hospital, London. Nine of these were managed after operation on a
      plaster bed for 12 weeks and the rest were mobilized within 2 weeks. A
      satisfactory radiologic fusion rate of 75% was achieved in the first group and of
      70% in the second group. There was no significant difference between these two
      groups, (chi 2 test). The results do not support the use of the plaster bed after
      lumbar fusion.

PMID- 3704805
TI  - The value of CT in diagnosing postoperative lumbar conditions.
AB  - A series of 15 postlumbar laminectomy patients was investigated for residual
      disease. Clinical, myelograpic, and CT correlation was studied. With the
      assistance of contrast material injections, a "fibrographic effect" was obtained
      in scar tissue, differentiating it from residual disc material. The viability of
      free fat graft is detectable with CT technique.

PMID- 3704806
TI  - Traumatic atlantooccipital dislocation.
AB  - A young adult sustained a traumatic atlantooccipital dislocation together with
      fracture-dislocation at C.4/5 level and had total neurologic deficit below C4
      segment. He retained full consciousness but required respiratory support. He
      developed a stress ulcer with hemorrhage and evidence of "shock lung." He
      responded to intensive care. Surgery on the 11th day secured reduction and
      internal fixation at both levels. Death due to respiratory and cardiac arrest
      followed on the 14th day. Postmortem examination revealed edema of the brain and
      brainstem.

PMID- 3704807
TI  - Bilateral brachial paresis following anterior decompression for cervical
      spondylosis.
AB  - This brief report describes the delayed emergence of a profound proximal weakness
      of both arms following osteophytectomy for cervical spondylosis by the anterior
      approach. At no time was there any clinical evidence of cord compression.
      Coincident reversal of the normal lordosis was corrected by traction, and,
      achieving bony ankylosis in a good position, the patient eventually made a
      complete recovery.

PMID- 3704808
TI  - Thrombosis of the vertebral artery. A rare complication following traumatic
      spondylolisthesis of the second cervical vertebra.

PMID- 3704809
TI  - [Interpretation of the computed tomogram following lumbar intervertebral disk
      operations].

PMID- 3704810
TI  - [Diagnosis of lumbar disk hernia. Possibilities and limitations of nuclear
      magnetic resonance tomography].

PMID- 3704811
TI  - [Castleman's tumor in the lesser pelvis].

PMID- 3704812
TI  - [Results of the radiotherapeutic management of malignant tumors of the nasal
      cavity].

PMID- 3704813
TI  - [The significance of proximal selective vagotomy in the prevention of gastric
      stress ulcers].

PMID- 3704814
TI  - [Incidence of cholelithiasis in congenital hemolytic anemias].

PMID- 3704815
TI  - [Splenectomy in hematologic diseases in childhood].

PMID- 3704817
TI  - [Present status in the diagnosis and treatment of craniocerebral injuries].

PMID- 3704816
TI  - [Laparotomy wound rupture--comments on therapeutic tactics].

PMID- 3704818
TI  - [Pancreatic injuries in children].

PMID- 3704819
TI  - [Incidence of septic-endotoxic shock in clinical practice].

PMID- 3704821
TI  - [Mediastinal tumors].

PMID- 3704820
TI  - [Surgical treatment of atrial septal defects of the second type in adults].

PMID- 3704822
TI  - Intra-oral prostheses for repair of palatal and mandibular defects.

PMID- 3704823
TI  - Bronchoscopic findings in patients with oesophageal carcinoma.

PMID- 3704824
TI  - Temporary suprapubic catheter drainage after colorectal surgery.

PMID- 3704825
TI  - Truncal vagotomy and Roux-en-Y drainage of the stomach--an experimental study.

PMID- 3704826
TI  - Primary hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 3704827
TI  - Spinal cord anatomy of the baboon--comparison with man and implications for
      spinal cord blood flow during thoracic aortic cross-clamping.

PMID- 3704828
TI  - South African Transplantation Society: the 11th biennial congress. Ceres, CP, 20
      22 March 1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 3704829
TI  - Hyperparathyroidism and thyroid disease.

PMID- 3704830
TI  - Breast cancer--local excision or mastectomy?

PMID- 3704832
TI  - Membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava.

PMID- 3704831
TI  - Cancer in the operated stomach. Premalignant lesions as an indication for
      remedial surgery.

PMID- 3704833
TI  - Iron overload--still a problem among the Zulus?

PMID- 3704834
TI  - The T ratio--a new approach to tissue characterization in magnetic resonance
      imaging.

PMID- 3704835
TI  - Health care of preterm infants in the first year of life.
AB  - The home environment of preterm infants and their use of health services after
      discharge from hospital were investigated. Of the mothers of preterm infants
      studied 49% were not educated beyond primary school level, 38% were unmarried and
      20% of these families had marked social problems, and 56% lived in grossly
      overcrowded conditions. Only the extent of unmarried motherhood and marked social
      problems were greater in preterm infants than in a control group of term infants.
      Attendance at primary care services for illness was no different for the preterm
      and term groups, although hospital admissions were most frequent in the preterm
      infants. Three preterm infants died in the first year. Only 65% of preterm
      infants and 55% of controls had completed weight charts on their preschool record
      card at 12 months of age. Three preterm and 2 control infants had not been fully
      immunized. In spite of poor social circumstances, the use of health services by
      the mothers of preterm infants was most encouraging.

PMID- 3704836
TI  - Intussusception in Johannesburg. A review of 81 cases.
AB  - The difference in presentation between two different social groups of children
      with intussusception was investigated. The sex ratio of the two groups was
      different. The underprivileged children presented later in the disease and
      consequently required bowel resection more frequently. The introduction of
      intravenously administered ketamine increased the barium reduction rate
      significantly.

PMID- 3704837
TI  - Facilities for children in state and provincial hospitals.
AB  - A limited survey of provincial and state hospital facilities for children in the
      RSA was carried out through a questionnaire. Replies were received from 195
      hospitals from the provinces of the Cape, Transvaal and Natal as well as from the
      independent homeland of Ciskei. These hospitals represented 90.3% of the beds in
      these areas. It was found that there were many more black children per available
      bed than white (632 v. 416) and that beds for black children had a much higher
      occupation rate than those for whites (+/- 85% v. +/- 50%). Rural black children
      were considerably worse off than their urban counterparts. Many hospitals did not
      have full-time medical officers to look after their paediatric patients. It is
      recommended that future resources be directed at improving facilities for rural
      black children and opening lines of communication between existing rural
      hospitals and the large academic hospitals.

PMID- 3704838
TI  - Serum zinc and copper levels in healthy middle and higher socio-economic class
      infants in Cape Town. A longitudinal study during the 1st year of life.
AB  - Serum zinc and copper levels were measured using a flame atomic absorption
      technique in 55 healthy infants and their middle and upper socio-economic class
      mothers at delivery, and also longitudinally in the infants during the first 12
      months of life. Mean cord serum zinc levels (99.50 +/- 27.63 micrograms/100 ml)
      were 1.5 times higher than maternal serum levels at birth (66.3 +/- 21.0
      micrograms/100 ml). The mean serum zinc levels showed no significant change (P
      greater than 0.05) at each of the study periods. However, the mean serum zinc
      levels at birth were significantly higher (P less than 0.05), than those after 6
      weeks. The infants' levels remained within the normal adult range at all the
      study periods. The mean cord serum copper levels (34.46 +/- 12.60 micrograms/100
      ml) were about one-sixth of the mean maternal serum copper levels at delivery
      (217.7 +/- 64.39 micrograms/100 ml). The mean serum copper levels increased
      significantly (P less than 0.05) from birth to 12 months of age. Mean serum
      copper levels similar to those of normal adults were reached at 12-24 weeks.

PMID- 3704839
TI  - Neural tube defects among rural blacks in a Transkei district. A preliminary
      report and analysis.
AB  - A retrospective review of the records of 9 142 deliveries occurring during the 5
      calendar years 1980-1984 was undertaken to determine the incidence of neural tube
      defects (NTDs) among black babies in the rural Transkei district of Umzimkulu.
      The hospital incidence of 6.13 as well as the extrapolated district-wide
      incidence of 3.79 NTDs/1 000 births found in this study is markedly higher than
      the reported rates for the black population in southern Africa (1.3/1 000), and
      raises the possibility that NTDs may be more prevalent among blacks in some areas
      of this region than has previously been realized. Factors possibly favouring an
      increased rate in this area are discussed; and it is planned to continue local
      NTD surveillance prospectively by means of registries at selected hospitals. NTD
      characteristics by seasonality and female preponderance appeared to be valid in
      this group.

PMID- 3704840
TI  - Assessment and management of chronic pain.
AB  - The approach to the management of patients with a variety of chronic pain
      problems who present to the multidisciplinary Grey's Hospital Pain Clinic is
      outlined.

PMID- 3704841
TI  - The cost and appropriateness of health care technology in South Africa. A plea
      for the development of a local medical equipment industry.
AB  - Some of the main reasons for the increase in the cost of health care technology
      are summarized. Local problems in the health care delivery system are not being
      solved effectively by imported medical equipment. The expertise required for the
      local solution of problems is available in the RSA and should be developed
      further. A private-sector consortium with matching funding from the State should
      serve as a clearing house for developing and evaluating assessment criteria,
      promoting the use of existing cost-efficient medical technologies, and
      identifying obsolete and inappropriate ones. The formation of a local health care
      technology corporation should be considered seriously.

PMID- 3704842
TI  - Unilateral tubal twin gestation. A case report.
AB  - A case of unilateral tubal twin gestation is presented and the literature
      reviewed. No satisfactory explanation exists for the rarity of this condition
      relative to the incidence of intra-uterine multiple gestation.

PMID- 3704843
TI  - Systemic lupus erythematosus with nephritis in children. A report of 6 cases.
AB  - Six children with systemic lupus erythematosus treated over the last 10 years are
      described. There are 3 boys and 3 girls and their ages at presentation ranged
      from 9.25 to 15 years; follow-up ranges from 11 months to 12 years. The
      modalities of treatment, methods of follow-up, and regular assessment of lupus
      activity are discussed with a brief review of the relevant literature. One
      patient has progressed to end-stage renal failure and is awaiting renal
      transplantation. Of the others, 2 have mild renal impairment and 3 have normal
      renal function. We believe that an aggressive therapeutic approach with
      meticulous follow-up can improve the outlook in children with this condition.

PMID- 3704844
TI  - [Computed tomographic proof of intracranial air bubbles after chest trauma. A
      case report].
AB  - A pulmonary bronchovenous fistula is postulated as the possible cause of cerebral
      air embolism in a case of left-sided hemiplegia after penetrating chest trauma.
      The possible mechanisms underlying the clinical picture, the consequences of
      cerebral air embolism and the management are briefly described.

PMID- 3704846
TI  - Pregnancy in scleroderma. A case report.
AB  - Pregnancy is rare in scleroderma and the maternal and fetal prognosis poor. The
      outcome of such a case is described and the association reviewed.

PMID- 3704845
TI  - Bladder interposition in traumatic diastasis of the symphysis pubis. A case
      report.
AB  - Closed reduction of the symphysis pubis in a patient with an open-book type
      disruption of the pelvic ring failed because of interposition of the bladder and
      retroperitoneal fat. The problem of maintaining reduction with an external
      fixation device is discussed.

PMID- 3704847
TI  - Syncope in the elderly. Report of 3 cases with sick sinus syndrome.
AB  - Three cases of arrhythmia-induced syncope in the elderly are reported. The
      patients all showed some features of the sick sinus syndrome and had aortic
      ejection murmurs. Ventricular tachycardia occurred in 2 patients. The importance
      of trying to record an arrhythmia during a syncopal attack is stressed, as are
      the adverse effects of many drugs commonly prescribed in this age group. The
      relationship between the arrhythmias found and their association with aortic
      stenosis are discussed.

PMID- 3704848
TI  - Exacerbation of Guillain-Barre syndrome following metrizamide myelography.

PMID- 3704849
TI  - Tracheal rupture--an anaesthetic mishap?

PMID- 3704850
TI  - Povidone-iodine preparations for burn wounds.

PMID- 3704851
TI  - Caudal epidural analgesia for neurogenic leg pain.

PMID- 3704852
TI  - Deaths from asthma in Cape Town, 1980-1982.
AB  - During the 3-year period 1980 - 1982, 351 patients were certified as having died
      from asthma in the Cape Town City Council area. An additional cause of death was
      listed in 120 of these. Of the 231 patients certified as having died from asthma
      only, 179 (77.5%) were over 40 years of age. The circumstances surrounding death
      in 28 of the remaining 52 patients under the age of 40 years are described.
      Inadequate assessment and therapy were major contributing factors. The incidence
      of death from asthma in Cape Town is three times greater than in the UK. It is
      probable that this also applies in other parts of the RSA. There is a need for
      improved education of health care professionals and patients about this common
      disease and for better community facilities for its treatment.

PMID- 3704853
TI  - Medical admissions to Hillbrow Hospital, Johannesburg, by discharge diagnosis.
AB  - Medical admissions to a Johannesburg hospital serving an urban black population
      were analysed for a 3-month period by discharge diagnosis. Current disease trends
      are noted and the possibility of collecting hospital discharge data on a larger
      scale is discussed.

PMID- 3704854
TI  - Aetiology of postmenopausal bleeding in black women in Durban.
AB  - The aetiological distribution of postmenopausal bleeding in 100 consecutive black
      patients is reported. Malignant lesions of the genital tract were found in 54%.
      The results of these studies do not show the dramatic decrease in the incidence
      of malignancy as a cause of postmenopausal bleeding seen in the USA and Europe.
      Reasons for this are discussed.

PMID- 3704855
TI  - [The dangers of mammography in diagnosing a palpable lump in the breast].
AB  - The success of mammography screening programmes in the detection of unsuspected
      and impalpable breast cancer has led to reliance on a negative mammographic
      report as assurance that no malignancy is present even in palpable breast lumps.
      Pre-operative mammography was performed on 38 patients with palpable lumps who
      were subsequently proven by histology to have carcinoma of the breast. In 4
      patients (10.8%) the mammogram was negative; 3 were also assessed as benign
      clinically. In 5 cases (13.5%) the report was negative but biopsy was
      recommended; 3 of the 5 were assessed as benign clinically. Therefore, in 9 of
      the 38 patients (24%) malignancy was not diagnosed unequivocally on mammography,
      although 3 of these patients had clinical stigmata of malignancy. Twenty-nine
      patients (76%) were diagnosed correctly by mammography; 5 of these cases were
      assessed as benign clinically. Six of the 38 cases (16%) were thought to be
      benign on both mammography and clinical examination. Thus, even confirmation by
      mammography that a breast lump without clinical signs of malignancy is indeed
      benign, does not rule out the possibility of carcinoma.

PMID- 3704856
TI  - Recovery time after ultrabrief anaesthesia. A comparison of four techniques.
AB  - Recovery time after ultrabrief anaesthesia for minor gynaecological procedures
      was shown to be significantly and appreciably longer after thiopentone induction
      than after Althesin (alphaxalone and alphadolone), etomidate or propanidid.
      Suitable anaesthesia was provided by all techniques, but propanidid is associated
      with a 51% rise in pulse rate and etomidate with an 18% slowing. Twenty-seven per
      cent of patients anaesthetized with propanidid or etomidate were nauseous or
      vomited immediately postoperatively. Oxytocin 5 U given as an intravenous bolus
      for uterine contraction markedly increased heart rate (+ 29%). Althesin is now
      excluded on the basis of occasional adverse reactions; none of the techniques
      used is entirely satisfactory.

PMID- 3704857
TI  - C-reactive protein levels in ectopic pregnancy, pelvic infection and carcinoma of
      the cervix.
AB  - The value of C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in the differential diagnosis of
      pelvic infection and ectopic pregnancy, in the staging of carcinoma of the
      cervix, and after necrotizing irradiation for tumour was assessed. CRP was
      measured using a sensitive magnetizable solid-phase immunoradiometric assay.
      There was an obvious difference in CRP levels between patients with ectopic
      pregnancies and acute pelvic infections, but CRP levels failed to differentiate
      between stages IIB and IIIB carcinoma of the cervix, the majority of patients not
      having a significant acute-phase response. During radiotherapy there was wide
      variation and substantial individual differences in CRP levels which could have
      been caused by undiagnosed infective complications.

PMID- 3704858
TI  - Comparison of nalbuphine and pethidine for the relief of pain after caesarean
      section.
AB  - Nalbuphine (Nubain; Du Pont) 0.2 mg/kg (a new semisynthetic agonist-antagonist
      opioid) was compared with pethidine 0.75 mg/kg intravenously for analgesia after
      caesarean section in 70 patients. Statistical analysis of data showed that there
      was equivalence for analgesia, respiratory rate, cardiovascular parameters, side
      effects and patient acceptance between the two drugs.

PMID- 3704859
TI  - Evaluation of the Venom Ex apparatus in the initial treatment of puff adder
      envenomation. A study in rabbits.
AB  - The Venom Ex apparatus has been evaluated for the treatment of puff adder bite.
      Rabbits were injected with double the lethal dose of puff adder venom, followed
      by treatment with the Venom Ex cutting and suction apparatus. Controls received
      no treatment. The percentage of venom extracted as determined by radial
      immunodiffusion was very low after intramuscular injection and significantly
      higher after subcutaneous injection. However, all treated and control animals
      injected subcutaneously, recovered while all animals injected intramuscularly
      died, irrespective of treatment. Blood venom levels were extremely low in all
      animals. Venom Ex treatment did not improve survival or affect local necrosis
      significantly.

PMID- 3704860
TI  - The AS 800 artificial urinary sphincter in children with myelodysplasia.
      Preliminary results.
AB  - Ten children with myelodysplasia and intractable urinary incontinence have been
      implanted with an AS 800 artificial sphincter. Eight remain dry and 2 are
      improved over a follow-up period of 12 - 14 months. However, most have shown a
      reduction in bladder compliance, which suggests that further surgery may be
      necessary to maintain continence.

PMID- 3704861
TI  - Psittacosis in the RSA.
AB  - Patients usually provisionally diagnosed as having typhoid fever or pneumonia are
      regularly admitted to the Rietfontein Fever Hospital suffering from psittacosis.
      The main symptoms are intense headache, chills and fever and an irritating non
      productive cough. Later most patients develop signs of pneumonitis most clearly
      seen on radiographic examination. An important clue to the diagnosis is a history
      of contact with birds, most often budgerigars and more recently cockatiels. The
      diagnosis may be confirmed by the isolation of Chlamydia psittaci, the causative
      organism, but more usually reliance is placed on the results of serological tests
      revealing the development of chlamydial antibodies. None of the patients in this
      series developed serious complications, but if not treated psittacosis sufferers
      may develop severe pneumonitis, hepatitis and gastro-enteritis; the mortality
      rate is up to 20%. A rare but fatal complication is chlamydial endocarditis,
      presenting with the signs and symptoms of subacute bacterial endocarditis, but
      giving repeated negative blood cultures. The illness responds specifically to
      treatment with tetracycline antibiotics within 48 hours. Chlamydial infections
      are widespread among avian species. In the RSA most cases of psittacosis have
      resulted from contact with budgerigars and cockatiels, but outbreaks have been
      associated with imported batches of birds including South American parrots and
      Australian finches, emphasizing the need for vigilance at seaports.

PMID- 3704863
TI  - Tissue expansion in reconstructive surgery. A case report.
AB  - A case is reported in which serial expansion was used to create scalp and
      forehead flaps of superior quality skin and subcutaneous tissue to cover a
      central forehead defect. The background and principles governing this surgery are
      discussed.

PMID- 3704862
TI  - Paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma. Case reports.
AB  - During the 30-year period 1955-1984, 9 cases of paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma
      were seen in the pathology departments of the University of Cape Town, including
      the Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital. Three of these patients were lost
      to follow-up; 2 were alive at 6 months and 6 years after presentation. Two
      patients absconded with clinical disease and are presumed dead and 2 died of
      disease 6 and 18 months after presentation. Although rhabdomyosarcoma is known to
      be a disease of the young, none of the patients in this series was in the first
      decade of life and only 3 were below 20 years of age.

PMID- 3704865
TI  - Nuclear sense and nonsense.

PMID- 3704864
TI  - Choledochopancreatoduodenal fistula caused by duodenal ulceration. A case report.
AB  - A penetrating duodenal ulcer may occasionally erode into the common bile duct and
      form a choledochoduodenal fistula. Such a fistula occurring simultaneously with a
      pancreatic duodenal fistula is reported. The presenting features of these
      fistulas are those of the ulcer and confirmation of the fistula may be difficult,
      although use of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography has greatly
      facilitated their diagnosis. In this case both fistulas could be cannulated
      through the base of the ulcer. The majority of these fistulas heal spontaneously
      with intensive medical management. The remainder require surgery, and a
      conservative approach avoiding direct interference with the fistula should be
      adopted. Drainage procedures are rarely required and once closed the fistulas
      usually cause no further problem.

PMID- 3704866
TI  - Alcohol in Australia.

PMID- 3704867
TI  - Early detection of pregnancy.

PMID- 3704868
TI  - Age of menarche, standard of education and early adolescent pregnancy.

PMID- 3704869
TI  - Specificity of the Testryp CATT card agglutination test in a non-sleeping
      sickness area of Africa.
AB  - A card agglutination test (CATT), recently developed for the diagnosis of
      trypanosomiasis, has been evaluated in certain southern African localities; 179
      blood specimens and 63 serum samples from black patients of both sexes and widely
      ranging ages, suffering from a variety of generalized and parasitic disorders,
      were tested. False-positives were minimal (2.9%) and there were no cross
      reactions with any of the parasitic infections. The CATT is therefore regarded as
      a highly specific and sensitive test, which can be performed effectively in the
      field by non-specialist personnel.

PMID- 3704870
TI  - Serum zinc and copper levels in healthy South African women at term and during
      the first year after childbirth.
AB  - Serum zinc and copper levels were measured longitudinally in 55 healthy middle
      and upper socio-economic group white mothers living in Cape Town from the birth
      of the baby to 12 months after parturition. Mean maternal serum zinc levels
      showed a significant rise (P less than 0.05) from delivery (66.34 +/- 21.07
      micrograms/100 ml) to 12 weeks (87.88 +/- 15.93 micrograms/100 ml), but no
      further changes were detected at 24, 36 and 52 weeks after parturition. The mean
      maternal serum copper levels decreased from 217.73 +/- 64.34 micrograms/100 ml at
      delivery to 141.65 +/- 45.60 micrograms/100 ml at 12 weeks (P less than 0.05);
      they remained constant at all the other sampling periods. No differences (P
      greater than 0.05) were noted at all the different sampling periods between mean
      serum zinc levels of primiparous and multiparous mothers, but mean serum copper
      levels were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in the primiparas. The mean
      serum zinc and copper levels of healthy white South African mothers at delivery
      and 12 months after parturition correspond with those for Northern American
      mothers. Normal non-pregnant adult serum zinc and copper levels were attained
      within 12 weeks of delivery.

PMID- 3704871
TI  - Prevalence of familial hypercholesterolaemia in three rural South African
      communities.
AB  - The prevalence of familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) was estimated in three
      predominantly Afrikaner communities in the south-western Cape. Young
      hypercholesterolaemics (N = 136) identified during the Coronary Risk Factor Study
      (CORIS) and their first-degree relatives were invited to attend a follow-up study
      of their blood lipids (total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and
      triglyceride values) 6 months after the CORIS baseline study. Of the 62 index
      cases who fulfilled the qualifying conditions, 7 were classified as suffering
      from FH. This ratio of 7 FH cases out of 62 index cases represents a prevalence
      of 1:87 in the study population, which is considerably higher than the 1:500
      found elsewhere in the world. For several reasons 1:87 may be seen as an
      underestimate. The mean serum cholesterol level in the 7 FH cases was 10.08
      mmol/l. Fasting triglyceride values indicated that type IIa was the most frequent
      hyperlipoproteinaemia. The mean percentage of high-density lipoprotein: total
      cholesterol in the 7 FH cases was also considerably below either the same age
      group in the CORIS population or the index cases not classified as FH.

PMID- 3704872
TI  - Disease patterns in a rural black population.
AB  - Epidemiological information concerning disease patterns among blacks in southern
      Africa is scanty and a plea has been made for greater research. Between September
      1968 and January 1970, patients admitted to the medical wards of Jane Furse
      Hospital in Lebowa were studied; 14 years later the study was repeated and the
      results compared. The increasing incidence of asthma, hypertension and diabetes,
      well recognized in urban blacks, seems to be reflected in the rural setting of
      Jane Furse Hospital. Tuberculosis remains a common problem and a cause for
      concern.

PMID- 3704873
TI  - Deaths from accidents, poisoning and violence--differences between the various
      population groups in the RSA.
AB  - The pattern of deaths from accidents, poisoning and violence of the four
      population groups in the RSA for 1980 was examined in terms of the number of male
      and female deaths, separately and together, of certain WHO International
      Classification of Diseases (ICD) groupings of deaths from those causes. The main
      findings were: (i) that motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) accounted for 3.6% of all
      deaths in whites, 3.7% in coloureds, 3.1% in Asians and 2.2% in blacks, male
      deaths being 4 times as frequent as female and more than 70% of those deaths
      occurring in people under 40 years; 6% of MVAs in whites, 38% in coloureds, 17%
      in Asians and 34% in blacks involved pedestrians; (ii) that the next most common
      cause of death under these ICD headings was suicide in whites (1.6% of total) and
      homicide in coloureds (4.8% of total) and blacks (3.9% of total); and (iii) that
      under the ICD grouping 'other accidents', 45% of those deaths in whites, 58% in
      coloureds, 79% in Asians and 36% in blacks were due to drowning, with over 80% of
      deaths from drowning in people under 40 years.

PMID- 3704874
TI  - Cause- and age-specific mortality rates from accidents, poisoning and violence.
AB  - Cause- and age-specific mortality rates (MRs) were calculated for 1980 for all
      four population groups in the RSA for certain accidents, poisonings and violence
      as they are grouped in the WHO International Classification of Diseases (ICD).
      Cause-specific MRs of coloureds, Asians and blacks were age-adjusted to the age
      distribution of whites in 1980 in order to judge the relative importance of the
      various causes of death. This showed that in whites and Asians motor vehicle
      accidents (MVAs) head the rank order of MRs; furthermore the first three MRs in
      the rank order, namely for MVAs, suicide and violence, are common in these two
      populations. A similar situation exists among coloureds and blacks in that the
      MRs for homicide rank first and the first four causes of death in the rank order
      of MRs--homicide, MVAs, violence and other accidents--are common to those two
      population groups. The fact that deaths from MVAs and violence rank so high in
      the MRs for all four population groups lends support to the contention that the
      RSA is a 'violent society'.

PMID- 3704875
TI  - Management of benzodiazepine dependence.
AB  - Dependence is a recognized problem in a significant number of patients taking
      therapeutic doses of benzodiazepines. A characteristic withdrawal syndrome has
      been described. These patients are best managed as outpatients with gradual
      dosage reduction over 4-12 weeks. Pharmacological adjuncts such as propranolol
      and non-benzodiazepine hypnotics are useful for certain specific symptoms, but so
      far no single substance has proved useful in attenuating the majority of
      symptoms. Psychological and social support should be maximized, but here again no
      single technique has been shown to be more than moderately successful. The best
      treatment is thoughtful prescribing ab initio.

PMID- 3704876
TI  - The establishment of geriatric medicine at the University of Cape Town.
AB  - The birth of modern geriatric medicine in the USA and UK is briefly described as
      a prelude to the recognition of the need to establish facilities to teach this
      discipline at South African medical schools. The response of the University of
      Cape Town to this clearly shown need, the steps taken to endow a chair and the
      subsequent plans to commence a service are outlined. Consideration of population
      projections for the age group above 60 years between 1970 and the year 2020
      suggests that formal training in the various disciplines involved in caring for
      the aged has been introduced none too soon. The first incumbent of the William
      Slater Chair of Geriatric Medicine commenced duty on 1 October 1981 and the
      milestones in the subsequent development of a service based upon the University
      of Cape Town and Groote Schuur and other hospitals are described.

PMID- 3704877
TI  - Myxoid liposarcoma of the right atrium. A case report.
AB  - A case of primary liposarcoma of the right atrium is presented. Liposarcomas of
      the heart are extremely uncommon, only 3 previous cases having been reported in
      the English-language literature. The tumour must be differentiated from other
      polypoid cardiac tumours, particularly cardiac myxomas.

PMID- 3704878
TI  - Acute post-infection glomerulonephritis caused by new 'thongs'. A case report.
AB  - Acute glomerulonephritis complicated secondary infection in a patient suffering
      from traumatic blisters caused by new footwear. This unlikely setting for acute
      glomerulonephritis was made more interesting by its occurrence in an adult in
      contrast with its more frequent recognition in a child. The age of the patient
      and the severity of the local symptoms masked the significance of the initial
      finding of haematuria until deteriorating renal function indicated the diagnosis
      of concomitant glomerular disease.

PMID- 3704879
TI  - Recurrent myocardial infarctions secondary to luetic coronary arteritis in
      hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. A case report.
AB  - A 43-year-old coloured man had no risk factors for atheromatous coronary artery
      disease but suffered two acute myocardial infarctions (MIs) in rapid succession.
      Serological reactions for previous syphilitic (luetic) infection were positive.
      Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) without obstruction was verified, although
      right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy specimens did not demonstrate
      histological features of this disease. Extensive MI was verified on left
      ventricular cine angiography. Selective coronary arteriography showed that the
      coronary arterial tree was diffusely aneurysmal in the absence of any
      obstruction. We postulate that syphilitic coronary arteritis, in the absence of
      the more pathognomonic coronary ostial stenotic lesions, was present and may have
      predisposed to coronary thrombus formation and repeated acute MI. Recurrent
      coronary vasospasm, associated with the HCM, cannot be excluded with certainty.

PMID- 3704880
TI  - [Thalassemia trait in the pediatric age and body iron status].

PMID- 3704881
TI  - [Therapy with anti-thymocyte globulin in severe aplastic anemia].

PMID- 3704882
TI  - [Indicators for inventory management in blood banks].

PMID- 3704883
TI  - [Personnel needs of regional blood banks. An estimate].

PMID- 3704884
TI  - [Visceral leishmaniasis mimicking histiocytic marrow reticulosis].

PMID- 3704885
TI  - [Treatment of severe coagulopathy in the Kasabach-Merritt syndrome].

PMID- 3704886
TI  - [The Spanish Association of Hematology and Hemotherapy. 27th national meeting.
      Valencia, 30 October-1 November 1985. Abstracts].

PMID- 3704887
TI  - Regional and state patterns of population change and benefit receipt, 1980-84.

PMID- 3704888
TI  - Benefits and beneficiaries under public employee retirement systems, 1983.

PMID- 3704889
TI  - The level and trend in poverty.

PMID- 3704890
TI  - Characteristics of supplemental security income recipients, December 1984.

PMID- 3704891
TI  - Late obstruction of the lateral ileal reservoir after colectomy and endorectal
      ileal pullthrough procedures.
AB  - During a period of eight years, 19 of 83 patients underwent colectomy, mucosal
      proctectomy and endorectal ileal pull-through procedures with isoperistaltic
      ileal reservoir for ulcerative colitis or polyposis. These patients had late
      obstruction of the ileal reservoir develop which lead to distension, stasis,
      reservoir inflammation and diarrhea. In nine patients, the reservoir obstruction
      as due to a lengthy rectal muscle canal and a longer distance from the lower end
      of the reservoir to the anus than was optimal, causing angulation and
      obstruction. Surgical division of the upper rectal muscle and retraction of the
      reservoir further into the pelvis combined with resection of the elongated upper
      end of the ileal reservoir were followed by relief of symptoms in every patient.
      Five patients had intestinal adhesions develop necessitating resection of a
      segment of the upper ileal reservoir. Five other patients had obstruction develop
      from an internal hernia; each required resection of the redundant upper portion
      of the reservoir. Each of the patients was relieved of diarrhea and gaseous
      distension after the obstruction was corrected and the ileal reservoir was
      shortened. The optimal length of ileal reservoir is approximately 10 to 15
      centimeters for children and 18 to 22 centimeters for adults. Resection of all
      except 5 to 7 centimeters of rectal muscle cuff and placement of the lower end of
      the ileal reservoir within 3 to 5 centimeters of the ileoanal anastomosis
      appeared to reduce substantially the incidence of reservoir obstruction.
      Reservoir obstruction has not been observed in the last 37 patients who have
      undergone operation.

PMID- 3704892
TI  - An aborted, prospective, randomized trial of sclerotherapy for prolonged drainage
      after mastectomy.
AB  - Annually, approximately 100 of the 400 postmastectomy patients we studied have
      persisting serous drainage. Sclerotherapy with the use of tetracycline has been
      advocated to decrease serous drainage and the formation of seromas. Reports in
      the literature suggest that the use of tetracycline for treatment has been
      efficacious and that it is not painful. We devised a prospective, randomized
      controlled trial to study the effects of tetracycline on patients with prolonged
      persisting drainage. Six patients in the control group had the drains left in
      place until the drainage diminished. One of these patients had a seroma develop
      after the drains were removed. Eight patients were treated with tetracycline.
      Four of these patients had seromas develop after the drains were removed. Three
      of the eight patients had severe reactions of pain when the tetracycline was
      introduced into the drains. Because of the severe pain associated with
      sclerotherapy treatment and the lack of demonstrable benefit in those treated, we
      terminated the study. We did not find tetracycline to be of help in treating
      patients with prolonged drainage after mastectomy and some of those patients had
      severe pain develop from the treatment.

PMID- 3704893
TI  - The outcome of patients with ulcerative colitis managed by subtotal colectomy.
AB  - A total of 1,494 patients with a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis were managed by
      one surgeon between 1950 and 1981. Subtotal colectomy was performed upon 286
      patients of whom 82 had a primary and 65 a secondary ileorectal anastomosis.
      There was no significant difference in the postoperative mortalities between
      patients treated by subtotal colectomy (8.7 per cent) and a group of 71 patients
      treated by proctocolectomy (9.9 per cent). The postoperative mortality after
      primary and secondary ileorectal anastomosis was 6.9 and 1.5 per cent,
      respectively. Rectal excision because of disease activity was required in 109
      patients after subtotal colectomy (13 after primary and nine after secondary
      ileorectal anastomosis) with a postoperative mortality of 0.5 per cent. The
      probability of rectal excision was 21 per cent at 12.6 years after primary
      anastomosis and 19 per cent at 16.2 years after secondary ileorectal anastomosis.
      Carcinoma of the rectum has developed in 11 (3.8 per cent) of the patients after
      subtotal colectomy. The probability of having carcinoma of the rectum develop was
      17.1 per cent at 27 years after primary anastomosis and 20.0 per cent at 24 years
      after secondary ileorectal anastomoiss, the time beyond which no disease has yet
      been diagnosed in either group. The disease was advanced in stage and of high
      histologic grade with a median cancer specific survival time of 14 months.

PMID- 3704894
TI  - Combined endoscopic and surgical treatment in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.
AB  - A combined endoscopic and surgical treatment in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is
      presented. Natural history in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome often leads to multiple and
      acute laparotomies, resulting in intestinal resections. This may lead to a short
      bowel syndrome. In order to gain control over the small intestinal polyposis, a
      combined approach by the gastroenterologist and surgeon is performed. At
      laparotomy, an endoscope is introduced orally into the small intestine which is
      then telescoped over it by the surgeon. The small intestine is inspected in
      retrograde order and existing polyposis is treated by endoscopic or surgical
      polypectomy, or both, or by minimal intestinal resection. Thus, a "clean small
      intestine" is created. Data on five patients thus treated are presented. No
      recurrences were seen after this procedure at a mean follow-up period of 21
      months. Combined endoscopic and surgical treatment of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome,
      together with top and tail endoscopy, results in a "clean intestine" and is
      supposed to diminish the need for multiple acute laparotomies and, therefore, the
      risk of a short bowel syndrome. There is also supposed to be an improvement in
      the quality of life and life expectancy.

PMID- 3704895
TI  - Microlymphaticovenous anastomosis for lymphedema of external genitalia in
      females.
AB  - Lymphedema of the female external genitalia is seldom reported and can be
      psychologically distressing to the patient. On the basis of microlymphaticovenous
      operations for lymphedema of the extremities, a new microsurgical operation has
      been developed for treating lymphedema of the female external genitalia and
      applied clinically in six patients with good results. Edema of the female
      external genitalia and of the lower part of the abdominal wall has been reduced
      postoperatively, the chylorrhea has disappeared and the blisters on the vulva
      have vanished. The operative techniques and the anatomic basis of the operation
      are described, the six patient histories are illustrated and the correlation
      between number of anastomoses and quality of results are discussed herein.

PMID- 3704896
TI  - Reconstruction of the bile duct with transanastomotic U tubes.
AB  - Thirty-one adult patients have undergone reconstruction of the bile duct using a
      transanastomotic U tube to stent biliary-enteric anastomoses. The U tube is
      brought through the substance of the liver into the proximal part of the bile
      duct, threaded through the anastomosis, usually to a Roux-en-Y limb of jejunum
      and then withdrawn from the jejunum through a separate enterotomy. Both ends of
      the Silastic (silicone rubber) catheter are then brought out the abdominal wall
      through separate stab incisions and secured to the abdominal wall. In 21
      patients, the procedure was performed for benign disease. There were no operative
      deaths. Recurrent strictures developed in two patients (9.5 per cent). There were
      seven infectious complications, none of which were life-threatening. Preoperative
      bilirubin levels averaged 9.5 milligrams per cent; postoperative bilirubin levels
      averaged 2.6 milligrams per cent. Recurrent stricture developed in two patients
      at 20 and 19 months after removal of the U tubes. In ten patients, the
      obstruction of the biliary tract was secondary to malignant disease--seven
      primary tumors of the biliary tract and three metastatic tumors. Operative
      mortality was 20 per cent. Among the patients who survived the operation, the
      average bilirubin level was 6.6 milligrams per cent as compared with the average
      preoperative level of 14.4 milligrams per cent.

PMID- 3704897
TI  - Experience with suprapubic vesicourethral suspension and endoscopic suspension of
      the vesical neck for stress urinary incontinence in females.
AB  - The morbidity and efficacy of suprapubic vesicourethral suspension and endoscopic
      suspension of the vesical neck for correction of stress urinary incontinence in
      females were analyzed. Between 1974 and 1981, 41 women were treated with the
      former procedure and between 1981 and 1984, 50 were treated with the latter. The
      two treatment groups were well matched with respect to age, duration of
      incontinence, grade of incontinence, previous unsuccessful anti-incontinence
      surgical procedures and experience of the operating surgeon. The incidences of
      excessive intraoperative blood loss, postoperative abdominal complications and
      late complications in the suprapubic suspension group were 7, 14 and 2 per cent,
      respectively, and in the endoscopic suspension group, zero, zero and 2 per cent,
      respectively. The mean duration of postoperative hospitalization in the
      suprapubic suspension and the endosocpic suspension groups were 9.4 and 6.9 days,
      respectively. Seventy-three per cent of the patients treated by suprapubic
      suspension (mean duration of follow-up 71 months) and 86 per cent of the patients
      treated by endoscopic suspension (mean duration of follow-up 19 months) were
      cured. We conclude that the morbidity of endoscopic suspension is less than that
      of suprapubic suspension and that the early results of endoscopic suspension are
      equivalent.

PMID- 3704898
TI  - Wound closure in obese patients.
AB  - A five year randomized prospective study was carried out to compare subcutaneous
      drains versus a type of stay suture closure in morbidly obese patients. While
      acceptable wound infection rates were found, no statistical superiority was
      established between these types of closures.

PMID- 3704899
TI  - Complications of extensive adhesion formation after intraperitoneal chemotherapy.
AB  - The results of modeling studies have suggested and clinical investigations have
      confirmed a major pharmacokinetic advantage for exposure of the peritoneal cavity
      to certain chemotherapeutic agents compared with exposure of the systemic
      circulation when these drugs are delivered through the intraperitoneal route.
      Objective antitumor responses and significant palliation of symptoms have been
      demonstrated. One major concern with the use of intraperitoneal therapy is the
      risk of inducing peritoneal sclerosis and extensive adhesion formation. At the
      University of California at San Diego (UCSD) Cancer Center, 115 patients with
      advanced intra-abdominal malignant conditions have been treated with several
      intraperitoneal chemotherapy programs. To date, with a total of 1,103 patient
      months of follow-up study, seven episodes of small intestinal obstruction have
      developed of which two were definitely and five possibly related to chemotherapy
      induced adhesion formation. The development of methods to prevent or decrease
      peritoneal sclerosis will allow for greater application of this innovative
      therapeutic approach.

PMID- 3704900
TI  - Surgical treatment of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.
AB  - The clinical course and histopathologic factors of 50 consecutive patients
      treated for dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans were reviewed. Forty-eight patients
      were observed until the present time or death. No patient had distant metastases
      develop, although 16 patients had 18 recurrences of the dermatofibrosarcoma
      protuberans at the site of initial therapy. There was no correlation between the
      diameter of the primary lesion and the incidence of recurrence. There was no
      correlation between the histologic pattern of invasion and recurrence. However, a
      trend toward decreasing recurrence was noted with increasing minimal margins of
      resections (41 per cent less than 2 centimeters versus 24 per cent greater than
      or equal to 2 centimeters). The lowest incidence of recurrence (20 per cent) was
      noted with minimal margins of resection greater than or equal to 3 centimeters.
      Five year recurrence free survival rates increased with increasing margins of
      resection--59 per cent less than 1 centimeter; 66 per cent greater than or equal
      to 1 centimeter; 70 per cent greater than or equal to 2 centimeters, and 80 per
      cent greater than or equal to 3 centimeters. No patient had distant metastases
      and no change in histologic pattern was noted with progressive local recurrence.

PMID- 3704901
TI  - Abdominal aortic aneurysm and the pseudorupture syndrome.
AB  - A consistently high mortality for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm has given
      rise to an aggressive approach in the management of these patients. However,
      there is a group of patients who present with signs and symptoms suggesting a
      ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm but instead have other life threatening
      conditions. These patients and their management are presented herein.

PMID- 3704902
TI  - Surgical treatment for carcinoma at the confluence of the major hepatic ducts.
AB  - During the period of November 1976 through October 1984, we have treated 46
      patients with carcinoma at the confluence of the major hepatic ducts. Curative
      resection of the tumor (where no carcinoma cells at the margin of the resected
      portion were found macroscopically and microscopially), was performed upon ten
      patients, palliative resections were done in 11, palliative resection and
      intraoperative radiotherapy (IOR) in ten, bile duct drainage and IOR in three,
      and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage in 12. Among the ten patients who
      underwent curative operation, five are living six to 104 months after operation
      while the remaining five died four to 72 months postoperatively. Of the 11
      patients who underwent palliative resection, five are alive two to 22 months
      after operation and six died between four and 20 months after operation. For the
      ten patients with carcinoma in the advanced stages, palliative resection with IOR
      was performed. Eight patients died 20 days to 16 months after operation while two
      patients are alive 13 and 14 months after the procedure. Of the three patients
      who underwent drainage of the bile duct and IOR, two died three months after
      operation and one patient survived 34 months. Twelve patients underwent drainage
      of the bile duct only and all died after 13 months. To perform a curative
      operation for carcinoma located at the confluence of major hepatic ducts, it is
      necessary to resect the right or left lobe, including the caudate lobe, in many
      instances. For the patients with carcinoma in the advanced stages, the
      possibility of long term survival period after operation exists through the use
      of the combined techniques of IOR and palliative resection of the tumor.

PMID- 3704903
TI  - Abdominal exploration for suspected recurrent carcinoma of the colon and rectum
      based upon elevated carcinoembryonic antigen alone or in combination with other
      diagnostic methods.
AB  - Thirty-six patients underwent abdominal exploration due to elevated
      carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels after a curative resection for carcinoma of
      the colon and rectum. Three groups were evaluated. In group 1, CEA elevation
      alone was the indication for the exploration in 13 asymptomatic patients. In
      group 2, 13 other asymptomatic patients underwent exploration because of elevated
      CEA levels in combination with other findings. In group 3, ten patients were
      symptomatic with an elevated CEA level at the time of exploration. Five patients
      from groups 1 and 2 underwent a curative resection for recurrent tumor (14 per
      cent). Three of these patients are still alive more than five years after
      exploration. Nine patients had negative findings at exploration for tumor
      recurrence (25 per cent false-positive results). Six of these patients are alive
      while three have died of metastatic disease. Twenty-two of the 36 patients (61
      per cent) had unresectable disease at the time of exploration. Four of these
      patients underwent some form of surgical palliative procedure. Considering the
      five patients who underwent a curative resection with the latter four patients,
      this results in 25 per cent of the patients benefitting from surgical
      exploration.

PMID- 3704904
TI  - Splenic conservation after multiple trauma in adults.
AB  - The traditional management of splenic injuries is undergoing serious challenge.
      During the four year period from 1980 to 1983, 60 of 230 patients with injured
      spleens operated upon at the Maryland Institute for Emergency Medical Services'
      Shock Trauma Center have had splenic salvage. Motor vehicle accidents accounted
      for 57 of the 60 injuries (95 per cent). Fifty-eight patients (97 per cent) had
      major associated extra-abdominal injuries (average 1.9 injuries per patient)
      requiring additional operative procedures. Concurrent intra-abdominal injury was
      present in 37 patients (62 per cent). The mean operating time was 106 minutes; 98
      minutes for those patients with isolated splenic injuries and 115 minutes for
      those with associated minor intra-abdominal injuries. The average amount of blood
      transfused during celiotomy was 3.5 units of packed red blood cells per patient.
      As familiarity and confidence with the techniques have accrued, the number of
      splenic preservation procedures has steadily increased from approximately 10 per
      cent to more than 50 per cent. Complications related to splenorrhaphy per se were
      few. The mortality was 10 per cent; all deaths were secondary to associated
      injuries. Criteria for and contraindications to splenic salvage in patients with
      multiple trauma are presented and discussed.

PMID- 3704905
TI  - Use of a tubed pectoralis major myocutaneous flap for salvage of a failed colonic
      bypass of the esophagus.
AB  - The use of tube PMCF as salvage for a failed colon bypass of the esophagus has
      not been described previously. The present report describes the technique and
      successful use of a tubed PMCF as a solution to the problem of a failed cervical
      anastomosis after colon bypass of a long distal esophageal stricture.

PMID- 3704906
TI  - A technique for identification of the long thoracic nerve during axillary
      dissection.

PMID- 3704907
TI  - A method for atraumatic surgical access to the pancreatic duct.
AB  - A method for atraumatic surgical access to the pancreatic duct which uses a soft,
      flexible polyethylene catheter to intubate the duct, followed by progressive
      dilation with a vein catheter introducer, a blunt silver probe, and a grooved
      director is described herein. Sphincteroplasty of the pancreatic duct can then be
      easily accomplished.

PMID- 3704908
TI  - A technique for hepaticodochojejunostomy with transhepatic stent.
AB  - A technique for the placement of a transhepatic stent at the time of biliary
      enteric anastomosis, which prevents the stent from interfering with the
      performance of the anastomosis is described herein. This technique obivates the
      need to pass the transhepatic catheter after the posterior portion of the
      hepaticojejunostomy has been completed.

PMID- 3704909
TI  - A useful technique for computerized tomography directed needle biopsy.
AB  - This technique uses a simple, inexpensive device to facilitate a previously
      proved method of obtaining cytologic specimens with a Chiba needle under CT
      guidance. The plastic sheath could be scored with metric markings and would
      further facilitate its use as a depth gauge. This method obviates the need for
      multiple scans required to place the needle at the appropriate depth, thereby
      decreasing the length of the procedure and unnecessary radiation to the patient.

PMID- 3704910
TI  - Gastrectomy for recurrent ulcer after vagotomy: five- to nineteen-year follow-up.
AB  - Sixty patients with recurrent ulcers after vagotomy were treated by partial
      gastrectomy without revagotomy. One patient died after surgery. Seven others died
      of unrelated causes and one patient was lost to follow-up before 5 years, without
      rerecurrence having been diagnosed. Of the remaining 51 patients, one underwent
      reoperation for rerecurrent ulcer and four for postgastrectomy symptoms before 5
      years of follow-up. Forty-six others were followed for between 5 and 19 years, in
      addition to the one postoperative death. Major postoperative complications
      occurred in four other patients. Recurrent ulceration developed in four of 51
      patients. The patients were classified according to a modified Visick system with
      regard to recurrent ulceration and postgastrectomy symptoms: Visick I, 16
      patients; Visick II, 14 patients; Visick III, 11 patients; and Visick IV, 11
      patients. Gastrectomy after vagotomy can be achieved with a low mortality and
      recurrent ulcer rate but with a high incidence of postgastrectomy symptoms.

PMID- 3704911
TI  - The effect of whole-gut lavage on colon motility and gastrocolic response in a
      monkey.
AB  - The effects of thorough colon lavage on fasting electrical control and response
      activities, as well as on muscular contractions, were recorded from the right,
      transverse, mid, and left colon of four conditioned monkeys. The gastrocolic
      response of monkeys to feeding is most prominent in the right and transverse
      colon in both duration and frequency of contractions. The response is reduced in
      midcolon and is just discernible in the left colon in fasted but otherwise
      unprepared animals. After lavage of the colon, a gastrocolic response to feeding
      is vigorously present throughout the colon. The removal of colonic content by
      lavage also leads to an increase in the duration of the gastrocolic response.
      These experimental observations are consistent with the results noted in humans
      in similar although less systematic experiments. Although the mechanism is
      unknown, the presence of stool in the lumen appears to blunt the contractile
      gastrocolic response of the colon to feeding.

PMID- 3704912
TI  - Extensive endarterectomy of the aorta, common and external iliac arteries, and
      common femoral arteries by a modified Le Veen method.
AB  - It has been 8 years since Le Veen et al. described a new method of
      disobliteration of the distal aorta and iliac arteries. Since then no further
      reports have appeared in the literature. During the past 2 1/2 years we have
      treated 23 patients with severe ischemia of the lower limbs, caused in most cases
      by severe and multilevel arterial occlusions (types II and III), which included
      the infrarenal aorta, common and external iliac arteries, and common femoral
      arteries, with the method of Le Veen et al. with some modifications in the
      technique. A satisfactory revascularization was obtained in all patients.
      Similarly, there were no operative deaths or morbidity and no early or late
      arterial occlusions. We conclude that this method of arterial disobliteration has
      certain advantages over the much more widely used bypass grafting, deserves an
      extensive trial, and could in the future become a well-accepted procedure to
      treat extensive occlusions of the distal aorta, common and external iliac
      arteries, and common femoral arteries.

PMID- 3704913
TI  - Correlation of immunologic and nutritional status with infectious complications
      after major abdominal trauma.
AB  - Examination of the response of injured patients' lymphocytes to the mitogen
      phytohemagglutin in a defined medium provides a mechanism to define the
      relationship between alteration in immune function and septic complications.
      Lymphocytes from 30 victims of gunshot wounds to the abdomen were examined.
      Response to mitogen was measured by incorporation of [3H]-thymidine as a function
      of lymphocyte concentration, with a constant amount of mitogen phytohemagglutinin
      and a standard incubation period. A saturation curve was obtained, and lymphocyte
      response was expressed as the concentration necessary for half-maximal
      incorporation of radioactive label, L1/2. Lymphocyte transformation was compared
      with that found in a group of 50 healthy volunteers. On arrival in the emergency
      center, the in vitro lymphocyte response of patients was markedly diminished.
      There were seven patients for whom a lymphocyte curve could not be generated,
      i.e., L1/2 greater than 1 X 10(6). For the other 23 patients, L1/2 = 4.75 X 10(5)
      (SEM - 7.5 X 10(4)) compared with L1/2 = 1.5 X 10(5) (SEM - 5 X 10(4)) for normal
      volunteers (p less than 0.01). Measurement of skin test response, white blood
      cell count, anthropometric measurements, and albumin level were not predictive of
      patient course. In contrast the in vitro lymphocyte viability corresponded to the
      degree of injury, and recovery of lymphocyte function was associated with
      improvement in the patient's clinical course.

PMID- 3704914
TI  - Pigskin as a topical hemostat in arterial, liver, and splenic injuries.
AB  - Pigskin made commercially available as porcine-derived dermal collagen (PDC)
      contains a macrofibrillar collagen surface that initiates platelet aggregation
      and the intrinsic pathway clotting mechanism. Sterile-irradiated PDC,
      nonirradiated PDC, and lyophilized PDC were tested for hemostatic effectiveness
      and cost for hemostasis against each other and Avitene powder, Avitene web,
      Collastat, Gelfoam, Superstat, and Thrombostat. Canine arterial, liver, and
      splenic bleeding models were used. In arterial wounds PDC was more effective than
      Avitene powder, Avitene web, and Gelfoam (p less than 0.05) and also Superstat
      and Thrombostat (p less than 0.01). First application success rates revealed that
      PDC agents were more successful overall (85%) than the next three most successful
      agents: Avitene powder, Avitene web, and Collastat (56%) (p less than 0.01).
      Differences in success rates of hepatic and splenic wounds were less marked but
      still significant. Cost of hemostasis was relatively low for PDC agents in
      comparison to the other agents. PDC is an effective topical hemostatic agent in
      experimental canine arterial, liver, and splenic wounds when compared with
      several currently used agents and can also result in cost savings.

PMID- 3704915
TI  - Urodynamic investigation predicts bladder dysfunction at an early stage after
      abdominoperineal resection of the rectum for cancer.
AB  - In a prospective study, 25 consecutive patients (14 men and 11 women) who
      underwent abdominoperineal resection of the rectum were urodynamically
      investigated before surgery and 10 days, one month, and three months after the
      operation. Nine men and three women (48% and 95% confidence limits; range 28% to
      69%) developed voiding disturbances 10 days after the operation. One man and one
      woman developed incomplete lower motor neuron lesion (8% and 95% confidence
      limits; range 1% to 26%). At follow-up 3 months after surgery, five patients (20%
      and 95% confidence limits; range 7% to 41%) had still voiding disturbances: two
      patients with lower motor neuron lesion and three men with bladder outlet
      obstruction caused by prostatic hypertrophy. The three men underwent
      transurethral resection of the prostate 6 months after excision of the rectum. It
      is concluded that the risk of neurogenic bladder and voiding dysfunction is a
      minor problem. Cystometry performed before removal of the vesical catheter around
      the tenth postoperative day will diagnose patients with neurogenic bladder
      dysfunction. If voiding symptoms persist beyond 3 months after the operation,
      further urodynamic investigations should be undertaken to find patients with
      bladder dysfunction not due to lesion of the peripheral parasympathetic nerves to
      the bladder, which could demand surgery.

PMID- 3704916
TI  - Esophagojejunostomy with the EEA stapler.
AB  - Esophagojejunostomy after total gastrectomy was attempted in 27 operations with
      the EEA stapling device (U.S. Surgical Corp., Norwalk, Conn.). After removal of
      the specimen the anastomosis is performed with an end-to-side technique with
      insertion of the cartridge and its central rod through the open jejunal end. The
      28 mm wide cartridge was used in 24 anastomoses and the 25 mm wide cartridge was
      used in two. In one case the 25 mm cartridge tore the distal esophagus, and the
      anastomosis had to be sutured manually. The median operation time was 305 minutes
      (range, 205 to 560 minutes), and the time to perform the anastomosis was 20
      minutes (range, 15 to 60 minutes). Anastomotic leakage occurred in three
      patients, two of whom were stapled with the 25 mm cartridge. All healed with
      conservative treatment. One patient developed a stricture at the anastomotic site
      due to recurrence of the tumor. There was one hospital death. Median hospital
      stay was 16 days (range, 8 to 71 days) and median survival time was 11 months. It
      is concluded that the EEA stapler allows the construction of a fast and reliable
      esophagojejunostomy with good functional results after total gastrectomy for
      gastric cancer.

PMID- 3704917
TI  - Prediction of perioperative cardiac complications by electrocardiographic
      monitoring during treadmill exercise testing before peripheral vascular surgery.
AB  - ECG monitoring during treadmill exercise testing was performed in a prospective
      series of 105 consecutive patients with intermittent claudication scheduled for
      peripheral vascular surgery. ECG monitoring during the exercise test was useful
      in predicting perioperative cardiac complications. In 55 patients with evidence
      of coronary artery disease by history and ECG obtained at rest, a strong
      association (p less than 0.001) between an ischemic response to exercise testing
      and the occurrence of perioperative cardiac events was observed. ECG monitoring
      during the exercise test also revealed previously unsuspected ischemia or
      arrhythmias in six of the remaining 50 patients and predicted perioperative
      cardiac problems in four of these six. An ischemic response to low-level
      treadmill exercise testing probably indicates advanced coronary artery disease
      and offers valuable predictive information when a revascularization procedure is
      considered for the relief of intermittent claudication.

PMID- 3704918
TI  - Diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic features of cancers of the esophagus:
      results of the international prospective study conducted by the OESO group (790
      patients).
AB  - The prospective study conducted by the Organisation internationale d'Etudes
      Statistiques pour les maladies de l'Oesophage (OESO) (International Organization
      for Statistical Studies of Esophageal Diseases) created in 1979 concerns 790
      patients operated on for a tumor of the esophagus or the mouth of the esophagus.
      Among the preoperative investigations, endoscopic examinations were associated
      with a high error rate (20%). Respiratory function tests cannot constitute a
      formal contraindication to surgery. The value of extended surgical excision is
      confirmed by the results, although the need for extensive lymphatic resection has
      not been clearly demonstrated. The incidence of fistula has decreased, but it
      still remains an important element of operative deaths. However, the
      complications of esophagectomy are essentially pulmonary and the problem of
      preoperative identification of high-risk patients has not yet been resolved. The
      influence of various modalities of postoperative ventilation techniques were
      evaluated. The overall mortality rate was 14.7%, and a much broader definition of
      this term is required. Because of a number of contradictions in prognostic
      factors, the OESO group is currently testing a new clinical and histologic
      classification.

PMID- 3704919
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of a congenital arteriovenous malformation of the
      forearm.

PMID- 3704921
TI  - Spontaneous abdominal aortic rupture from erosion by a lumbar spine fixation
      device: a case report.
AB  - Spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage is an uncommon event. A case of delayed
      postoperative aortic rupture from erosion by a spinal fixation device, heretofore
      not previously described, is presented to call attention to this potential
      catastrophe. Appropriate management includes aggressive patient resuscitation and
      early surgical intervention with initial proximal and distal control of the
      aorta, removal of the offending prosthetic appliance, and repair of the vascular
      injury. Prevention of this complication of vascular erosion by an implanted
      foreign body requires absolute avoidance of impingement on any medium or large
      artery.

PMID- 3704920
TI  - Successful management of hepatic abscesses by percutaneous catheter drainage in
      chronic granulomatous disease.
AB  - Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a disorder of polymorphonuclear leukocytes
      that can cause multiple recurrent hepatic abscesses in 40% of those patients with
      the disorder. The mortality rate from this complication of CGD is estimated at
      27%. Treatment has consisted of extensive surgical debridement and drainage and
      prolonged antibiotic therapy; however, this approach is accompanied by high
      morbidity and the frequent need for reoperation. Successful percutaneous drainage
      of multiple hepatic abscesses in a patient who had previously undergone 10
      operative procedures to manage hepatic abscesses is reported. With the
      development of imaging and percutaneous drainage techniques, as well as the
      recurrent nature of this problem, percutaneous management should be given
      consideration in appropriate patients with CGD with hepatic abscesses.

PMID- 3704923
TI  - [Pancreatogenic pleurisy].

PMID- 3704922
TI  - Preoperative and postoperative evaluation of the patient with a splenorenal shunt
      with magnetic resonance imaging.
AB  - Preoperative and postoperative evaluation of the patient with a splenorenal shunt
      usually requires angiography. Magnetic resonance imaging is a safe technique that
      can provide information concerning vascular anatomy and shunt patency without the
      potential hazards of catheterization and iodinated contrast medium.

PMID- 3704924
TI  - [Thrombosis of the mesenteric vessels as a complication of food toxicoinfection].
AB  - The authors have observed 189 patients with thromboses of the mesenteric vessels.
      In 85.7% of the cases thrombosis developed in the mesenteric major vessels
      (mainly in the upper mesenteric artery), in 14.3% in the microcirculation system
      as a complication of food poisoning. Differential-diagnostic signs for both
      groups and clinical illustrations are presented. The importance of efficient
      rehydration therapy in food poisoning for the correction of rheological and
      homeostatic disorders in the microcirculation system is emphasized.

PMID- 3704925
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of non-specific ulcerative colitis and the irritable
      bowel syndrome (comparative evaluation of the immune status of patients with
      different chronic inflammatory diseases of the large intestine)].

PMID- 3704926
TI  - [Features of the current course of gastroenterologic diseases].
AB  - The author analyses the course taken by some diseases of the alimentary organs,
      which has changed over the recent decades. Characterizes some common clinical
      features of the course taken by gastroenterological diseases today: the chronic
      pattern, the combination of lesions, frequent occurrence of central nervous
      system disorders (neuroses, personality accentuation, etc), proneness to
      overweight and obesity, not infrequent allergization of the patients and a high
      rate of the patients' affection with a focal infection. The features described
      should be taken into consideration while training gastroenterologists.

PMID- 3704927
TI  - [Status and improvement in expert evaluation of temporary disability conducted by
      the therapeutic service].
AB  - The sociological approach was applied to study the organization and status of the
      expert medical evaluation of temporary disability of the therapeutic patients.
      205 internists filled in self-administered questionnaires. 45.4% of those
      internists worked at the rural treatment and prophylactic institutions. The
      studies formed the basis for the development and introduction of a complex of
      scientifically validated measures aimed at further raising the standards of the
      expert medical evaluation of the working capacity at the medical institutions of
      the Lvov region of the Ukrainian SSR.

PMID- 3704928
TI  - [Use of the technic of discriminant analysis in preventive medical examinations].

PMID- 3704929
TI  - [Clinico-biochemical findings in malignant carcinoid during cytostatic therapy
      (description of a case)].

PMID- 3704930
TI  - [Student participation in preventive medical examination of the population].

PMID- 3704931
TI  - [Situational tasks as a form of training in the propedeutics of internal
      diseases].

PMID- 3704932
TI  - [Cytologic characteristics of the ulcerous phase of peptic ulcer of the stomach
      and duodenum].
AB  - Fifty-four patients with peptic ulcer were examined for the cellular composition
      in the zone of ulcer. The cytologic alterations consisted in the predominance of
      neutrophilic leukocytes at the disease onset, followed by lymphoplasmacytic
      leukocytic and primarily lymphoplasmacytic and macrophagal infiltration. The
      cellular alterations point to the presence of immune inflammation in the ulcerous
      zone. This confirms the involvement of the immune mechanisms in ulcer formation.

PMID- 3704933
TI  - [Serum polypeptides in peptic ulcer patients].
AB  - Fifty-four healthy subjects and 56 peptic ulcer patients were examined for blood
      serum polypeptides, their toxicity and antigenicity. It was discovered that in
      the peptic ulcer patients, the blood polypeptide content was 1.5-3-fold higher
      than in healthy subjects. The increased content of polypeptides in the patients
      was caused by a high supply of polypeptides from the gastrointestinal tract.
      Polypeptides isolated from the patients' blood had toxic and antigenic
      properties. Antibodies against polypeptides were detected in 82% of the peptic
      ulcer patients and in 10% of the healthy persons. A direct correlation was found
      between the titer of antibodies against polypeptides and IgG content. It is
      suggested that polypeptides are involved in the development of peptic ulcer.

PMID- 3704934
TI  - [Disorders of hemostasis in peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum].
AB  - Eighty-seven patients with complicated patterns of peptic ulcer were examined for
      different components of the hemostatic system including gastric and duodenal
      fibrinolysis. It was established that the penetrating ulcer gives rise to
      hypocoagulemia and accelerates fibrinolysis. The perforating and hemorrhagic
      ulcers are associated with hypercoagulation, which is a manifestation of the
      stress response of the body. It is shown that gastric juice and the duodenal
      content have a hypocoagulation (heparinoid) action on blood and plasma
      coagulation. Peptic ulcer is marked by high gastric and duodenal fibrinolysis and
      proteolysis both in the gastric and duodenal mucosa and in the free gastric and
      duodenal contents as well. It is postulated that all the factors under
      consideration, which are unfavourable for local hemostasis, may be involved in
      the pathogenesis of gastroduodenal hemorrhages. The author holds that
      hemostatics, which suppress fibrinolysis and the acid-peptic factor and stimulate
      blood coagulation and clot formation in the zone of hemorrhage, may be used
      locally.

PMID- 3704935
TI  - [Evaluation of the relation between the status of the extrahepatic biliary tract
      and the stage of peptic ulcer of the duodenum in adolescents].

PMID- 3704936
TI  - [Experience with objective evaluation of the action of cimetidine--a blocker of
      histamine-H2 receptors--in patients with peptic ulcer of the duodenum].
AB  - The action of cimetidine, a blocker of H2-histamine receptors, is analysed as
      compared with the peripheral M-cholinolytics atropine and chlorosyl when
      administered in single doses and in courses. Study of the drug action on the
      basic functions of the stomach and on the clinical course of the disease was
      performed with the aid of the original research methods, mathematic analysis of
      the pH-grams and electrogastrograms. It was revealed that cimetidine compared
      very favourably with the peripheral M-cholinolytics as regards the action on acid
      formation in the stomach, particularly if the drug was applied in single doses,
      and on the clinical course of the disease, primarily in reference to ulcer
      cicatrization. However, cimetidine appeared inferior to the cholinolytics in the
      potency of the inhibitory action on motor function of the stomach both when given
      in a single dose and in courses.

PMID- 3704937
TI  - [Use of various children's formulas in the complex treatment of chronic
      gastroduodenitis and peptic ulcer].

PMID- 3704938
TI  - [Prognosis of chronic stomach ulcer according to the results of
      gastrochromoscopic morphologic evaluation of the gastric mucosa].
AB  - Histochemical studies with Congo red (to determine the size of an acid forming
      area) and methylene blue (to detect enterolization foci) were carried out in 46
      and 45 patients with chronic ulcer in the stomach body, respectively.
      Gastrobiopsy specimens from the fundal and pyloric gland portions were subjected
      to a morphological study. A follow-up over a course of disease showed
      prognostically unfavorable significance of the acid forming area value exceeding
      1/6 of the stomach area, the presence of unchanged gastric mucosa in these
      portions and the absence of enterolization foci with respect to both
      cicatrization and frequent recurring of the ulcer crater. The spreading and
      deepening of gastric changes in the gastric mucosa were regarded as sanogenetic
      factors in patients with chronic peptic ulcers.

PMID- 3704939
TI  - [Immunologic aspects of acute viral hepatitis at different ages].
AB  - Patients of different age, among them 103 with viral hepatitis B and 120 with
      viral hepatitis A, were examined for immunoregulatory subpopulations of T
      lymphocytes and for the effects of HBsAg preparations and human liver-specific
      lipoprotein (LSL) on the blood E-RFC content. The patients of both mature and
      elderly age with viral hepatis A demonstrated insignificant, readily reversible
      alterations in cellular immunity. The patients with viral hepatitis B,
      particularly elderly ones, showed an evident tendency toward the predominance of
      the suppressor effects, which correlated with the disease gravity. During
      incubation of lymphocytes with HBsAg, the stimulating effect was mostly revealed.
      However, in elderly patients experiencing the stage of late convalescence, there
      was an increase in HBsAg-specific suppression depending on the disease gravity.
      The suppressive action of LSL was only recorded in single cases.

PMID- 3704940
TI  - [State of the microcirculation and its relation to gastric function and
      structural changes in the gastroduodenal zone in recurrent peptic ulcer].
AB  - A total of 108 patients with peptic ulcer were entered into the study.
      Examination of the microcirculation in the eye conjunctiva and microvessels of
      biopsy specimens of the mucous membrane taken from ulcerous areas revealed that
      disease relapses were marked by pronounced disorders of the end blood flow. The
      extent of the disorders was found to be determined by the activity and
      localization of the pathological process, structural alterations in the mucous
      membrane of the gastroduodenal area, and by gastric functions.

PMID- 3704941
TI  - [Functional activity of natural killers in viral hepatitis A].
AB  - The direct cytotoxic test with the use of C and neoplastic cells of human
      myeloleukemia K-562 was employed to examine the activity of natural killers (NK)
      in 234 patients with viral hepatitis and in 51 healthy subjects as control. It
      was ascertained that in viral hepatitis, the functional activity of NK was
      appreciably altered. At the disease onset it tended toward lowering, whereas
      before the recovery it consistently increased. In cyclic hepatitis, the
      cytotoxicity rose considerably 2 to 3 weeks after the disease onset. In a mild
      disease, the growth of the cytotoxicity started much earlier and was pronounced
      to a greater degree than in conditions of medium severity or in grave states. In
      lingering hepatitis, the growth of NK cytotoxicity started considerably later
      than in a cyclic disease. During the first 2-3 weeks of the illness, the patients
      with lingering hepatitis manifested the enhancement of NK suppression,
      particularly in conditions of medium severity and in grave states. The
      correlation between the clinical course of viral hepatitis and the functional
      activity of NK suggests that NK together with the other factors may play an
      important role in the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis.

PMID- 3704942
TI  - [Chronic hepatitis B and delta-infection].
AB  - Delta infection was investigated in patients with chronic viral hepatitis by
      means of detecting antibodies to the delta agent in the patients' blood with the
      use of radioimmunoassay. It was demonstrated that chronic viral hepatitis B is
      often (in 44.5% of cases) associated with delta infection and takes a course
      similar to that of chronic hepatitis A. In this case demonstrable liver injury is
      observed, which is supported by the clinical, biochemical and morphological
      findings.

PMID- 3704943
TI  - [Therapy of hepatitis B virus carriers].
AB  - Examination of 200 gastroenterological patients with a suspected chronic diffuse
      liver disease has demonstrated that only in 18.9% of the patients with chronic
      hepatitis, the disease was induced by the virus. Based on the experience gained
      with the treatment of 7 patients with chronic hepatitis B it is concluded that
      sanitation may be performed with levamisole. However, the data obtained in the
      course of the 5-year observation over sanitation of HBsAg carriers (25 subjects)
      do not provide any convincing evidence in favour of levamisole sanitation. The
      authors hold that at the blood transfusion stations the prophylaxis of serum
      hepatitis falls short of ideal. Selection of the donors according to CCIE does
      not give any guarantee against the viral hepatitis B carrier state. Like patients
      with viral hepatitis B, the HBsAg carriers badly need active prophylactic-and
      treatment medical examination with the use of the antiviral agents.

PMID- 3704944
TI  - [Clinico-morphologic variants of hemochromatosis].
AB  - Clinicomorphological analysis of 8 necropsies of primary hemochromatosis
      permitted recognizing 2 main versions of the disease course: with a primary
      damage to the liver and pancreas and with a primary injury to the heart, with the
      latter version being encountered in patients of a younger age and running a more
      malignant course. The thanatogenesis of patients with hemochromatosis may be
      linked with acute renal failure.

PMID- 3704945
TI  - [Treatment of chronic diseases of the liver with catergen].
AB  - Fifty-seven patients with chronic liver diseases of different etiology were
      treated with catergen ((+)-cyanidanol 3) given in a dose of 1.5 g (3 tablets) a
      day throughout 3 months. The findings were compared with those derived in the
      control groups of patients (82) who received vitamins or essentiale. It was shown
      that catergen significantly improved some biochemical characteristics of the
      blood and indicators of the antipyrine test in patients with compensated liver
      cirrhosis of the viral and alcoholic etiology. In patients with alcoholic
      cirrhosis, catergen, like essentiale, exerted an inhibitory effect on lipid
      peroxidation in the liver. There were no significant differences in the
      biochemical characteristics of the blood in patients with chronic alcoholic
      hepatitis treated with catergen and control group patients. In patients with
      primary biliary cirrhosis, catergen exerted an insignificant symptomatic effect
      but in single cases. The side dyspeptic effects which demanded the drug
      withdrawal were only recorded in 2 patients. It is concluded that catergen may be
      used in the treatment of virus- and alcohol-induced chronic liver diseases of
      moderate activity.

PMID- 3704946
TI  - [Treatment of chronic hepatitis patients with catergen].
AB  - The authors analyse the results of the treatment of patients with chronic active
      hepatitis of moderate activity with catergen as compared with basic therapy
      including dietetic management, polyvitamins, and essentiale. The treatment
      efficacy was evaluated according to the time-course of changes in subjective
      sensations of the patients, objective data of the clinical and laboratory
      studies. It was established that catergen produced a beneficial effect on the
      time-course of both subjective and objective characteristics in patients with
      chronic active hepatitis, while the drug therapeutic activity was found to be
      higher as compared with essentiale and basic therapy.

PMID- 3704947
TI  - [Dynamics of changes in the lipid composition of bile in patients with alimentary
      obesity during treatment].
AB  - In the bile of patients with alimentary obesity, the content of primary (cholic)
      bile acids is reduced, that of secondary (deoxycholic) acids is increased, and
      the quota of glycine-bound cholates is lowered. This points to the distress of
      the cholate-synthesizing, glyco-conjugating, and hydroxylating function of liver
      cells. In addition, the bile of obese persons is characterized by a low content
      of free fatty acids associated with an increase in the amount of total lipids,
      glycerides, and phospholipids. The treatment of obesity by the subcaloric diet
      and graded physical exercise brings about positive changes in the content of
      cholic and deoxycholic acids in the bile and gives rise to the enhanced excretion
      of all lipid fractions, cholesterol in particular, with the bile to the
      intestine, thereby raising the bile lithogenic potential.

PMID- 3704948
TI  - [Biogenic amines in duodenal contents in various forms of biliary tract
      dyskinesia].
AB  - The concentration and secretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline with different
      portions of the bile seem to significantly reflect the function of the vegetative
      innervation apparatus of the biliary tract. A correlation was established between
      the pattern of motor and tonic disorders and the pattern of catecholamine
      secretion during multi-stage duodenal exploration. The data obtained make it
      possible to outline approaches to adequate therapy.

PMID- 3704949
TI  - [Gastrin in gastric juice in duodenal ulcer].

PMID- 3704950
TI  - [Gas chromatographic determination of serum bile acid levels in chronic
      cholecystitis patients].
AB  - Serum bile acids were studied in 27 patients with chronic noncalculous
      cholecystitis. It was ascertained that the total concentration of bile acids
      under study was appreciably increased as compared with the data derived in the
      control group patients. There was noticeable differences between modulations in
      individual fractions of serum bile acids, attesting to an unusual distress of the
      synthetic function of hepatocytes. Alterations in the metabolism of cholates seen
      in chronic cholecystitis agreed well with the pattern of the disordered motor
      function of the gallbladder and were more pronounced in patients with
      hypokinesia.

PMID- 3704951
TI  - Oncogenes and cancer.

PMID- 3704953
TI  - Hospital ethics committees.

PMID- 3704952
TI  - Fatal case of paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria.

PMID- 3704954
TI  - Teaching ethics on rounds: the ethicist as teacher, consultant, and decision
      maker.

PMID- 3704956
TI  - Potential roles of the medical ethicist in the clinical setting.

PMID- 3704955
TI  - Moralist, technician, sophist, teacher/learner: reflections on the ethicist in
      the clinical setting.

PMID- 3704957
TI  - What is a clinical ethicist?

PMID- 3704959
TI  - Casuistry and clinical ethics.

PMID- 3704958
TI  - Philosophy lessons from the clinical setting: seven sayings that used to annoy
      me.

PMID- 3704960
TI  - Narrative unity and clinical judgement.

PMID- 3704961
TI  - Patients and profits.

PMID- 3704962
TI  - Effect of cigarette smoking, pulmonary inflammation, and lung disease on
      concentrations of carcinoembryonic antigen in serum and secretions.
AB  - A specific radioimmunoassay for carcinoembryonic antigen was used to investigate
      aspects of its measurement in lung disease. The results confirm that serum
      carcinoembryonic antigen concentrations are higher in healthy smokers and
      patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis than in healthy non smokers (p less
      than 0.01). Corticosteroid treatment reduced the concentration in nine patients
      with bronchitis (p less than 0.05). Other inflammatory lung diseases
      (bronchiectasis, pneumonia, fibrosing alveolitis) are not associated with a
      raised serum carcinoembryonic antigen concentration. The sputum concentrations
      were about 100 times those found in serum and there was a positive correlation (r
      = 0.611 2p less than 0.01) between the concentrations in sputum and serum in
      patients with bronchitis. No preferential rise in sputum concentration was found
      in current smokers or patients with lung carcinoma (n = 16). A higher ratio of
      carcinoembryonic antigen to albumin concentration (p less than 0.05) was,
      however, found in lavage fluid obtained from the tumour site than in fluid from
      "normal" lung in the same patients, suggesting an increase in carcinoembryonic
      antigen secretion in the vicinity of the tumour. Despite this "local" effect the
      sputum concentration does not, however, appear to be a useful marker of lung
      carcinoma and the measurement could not be used as a screening test.

PMID- 3704963
TI  - Distribution of carboxyhaemoglobin concentrations in smokers and non-smokers.
AB  - Carboxyhaemoglobin concentrations were measured in 3487 subjects comprising 1255
      non-smokers, 1933 cigarette smokers, 193 cigar smokers (39 primary, 154
      secondary), and 106 pipe smokers (30 primary, 76 secondary). In cigarette smokers
      the mean carboxyhaemoglobin concentration was 4.78% of the total haemoglobin and
      94.7% of smokers had a concentration greater than 1.7%. Primary cigar smokers had
      a much lower mean carboxyhaemoglobin concentration (0.93%), and only 10.3% had
      concentrations greater than 1.7%. Primary pipe smokers also had a low mean
      carboxyhaemoglobin concentration (1.36%) and none had a concentration above 1.7%.
      Secondary cigar smokers had a high mean concentration (6.80%) and 97.4% had
      values above 1.7%; the findings in secondary pipe smokers were similar--the mean
      concentration was 3.39%, 94.7% having values greater than 1.7%. The lower
      carboxyhaemoglobin concentrations in primary pipe and cigar smokers suggest that
      in general they do not inhale, and the raised concentrations in cigarette smokers
      who change to pipes or cigars suggest that they usually continue to inhale and to
      absorb large amounts of carbon monoxide and other constituents of tobacco smoke.

PMID- 3704964
TI  - Relationships between radiographic change, pulmonary function, and
      bronchoalveolar lavage fluid lymphocytes in farmer's lung disease.
AB  - Ninety four dairy farmers were investigated by chest radiography, pulmonary
      function tests, and bronchoalveolar lavage. They were divided into five groups-
      1: 11 subjects with acute farmer's lung; 2: 25 subjects with previously diagnosed
      farmer's lung who had stayed on their farm; 3: 15 farmers with previously
      diagnosed farmer's lung who had left the farm; 4: 23 precipitin positive
      symptomless farmers; 5: 20 precipitin negative symptomless farmers. The study
      evaluated the relationships between radiographic changes measured with a scoring
      system derived from the International Labour Office (ILO) classification, the
      results of pulmonary function tests, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Thirty
      eight subjects had radiographic evidence of interstitial pulmonary infiltrates.
      Group 1 had the highest percentage of lymphocytes recovered by bronchoalveolar
      lavage (mean 66.3 (SD 19.2]. For all subjects carbon monoxide transfer factor
      (TLCO) and total lung capacity were negatively correlated with radiographic
      changes (r = -0.45 and -0.30; p less than 0.001 and less than 0.01 respectively).
      TLCO was also negatively correlated with radiographic change in group 2 (r = 
      0.59, p less than 0.005). The percentage of lavage lymphocytes was correlated
      with radiographic changes for all subjects (r = 0.36, p less than 0.001), but
      this correlation was not seen within groups. This study shows good correlation
      between radiographic abnormalities, pulmonary function changes and the cellular
      composition of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.

PMID- 3704965
TI  - Occupational asthma in a hairdressing salon.
AB  - Occupational asthma among hairdressers has been recognised for some years and
      cases of work related asthma due to hair bleaches containing persulphates and
      hair dyes have been reported. The extent of the disease among hairdressers
      remains unknown. An investigation was carried out on an entire hairdressing
      salon, which specialised in hair bleaching and colouring and which employed 23
      staff. On the basis of history and specific and non-specific bronchial
      provocation testing, four out of 23 staff were found to have occupational asthma
      due to the persulphate salts contained in hair bleaches. Only one of these had a
      positive skinprick test response to persulphate salts. Tests for non-specific
      bronchial reactivity to histamine in this work force were more sensitive for the
      diagnosis of asthma than simple lung function tests or recordings of peak flow
      rates performed four times daily for three weeks. The response to these agents
      was studied in greater detail by specific bronchial provocation tests in 14
      members of the salon as well as one hairdresser from elsewhere with occupational
      asthma, three individuals with non-occupational asthma, and four normal subjects.
      Only those with a history of work related asthma and bronchial hyperreactivity
      responded positively, confirming that the response to bleach powders was
      specific. Studies of pulmonary mechanics after challenge showed that the response
      arose from changes in airway calibre not lung volumes. Measurement of neutrophil
      chemotactic activity after challenge showed significant rises in those affected,
      suggesting that mast cells may play a part in the pathogenesis of occupational
      asthma due to persulphates.

PMID- 3704966
TI  - Surgical pathology of the thymus: 20 years' experience.
AB  - Fifty five patients underwent thymic surgery at Papworth Hospital from April 1964
      to March 1984. The number presenting and the percentage with symptoms annually
      remained unchanged during this period. Forty four of these 55 patients had
      tumours. Twenty eight had thymomas (18% of whom had myasthenia gravis and 7% red
      cell aplasia), nine Hodgkin's disease, four germ cell tumours, and three
      secondary carcinomatous tumours. Five tumours were cystic. Six further patients
      had non-tumourous cystic lesions (four simple, one foregut, one
      lymphangiectatic). The remaining five patients had follicular hyperplasia; all of
      these had myasthenia gravis. Complete excision was performed in 41 of the 55
      patients. So far survival is 100% in those with benign lesions other than benign
      thymomas, where the survival was 70% at five years. Those with malignant thymomas
      had a 60% survival rate at five years and those with Hodgkin's disease 29%.

PMID- 3704967
TI  - Osteomyelitis of the ribs in Ibadan.
AB  - Sixteen patients with pyogenic osteomyelitis of the ribs are reported; ages
      ranged from 3 months to 42 years and 10 were female. Right sided ribs were
      affected in 10 cases and single ribs in 12. Antecedent causes included empyema
      thoracis (56%) and blunt chest trauma (19%). Fourteen out of 16 patients
      presented with discharging chest wall sinuses and five patients had associated
      swellings on the chest wall. The duration of symptoms ranged from two to 36
      months. The most common microorganism isolated was Staphylococcus aureus (50%).
      Rib excision (with drainage of the empyema in two cases) was curative in all 16
      cases in this study.

PMID- 3704968
TI  - Physiological evidence that emphysema is not a feature of byssinosis.
AB  - A group of women with byssinosis of grades 2 and 3 were seen consecutively over
      three years in an occupational outpatient clinic. Detailed lung function tests
      were performed and the results for smokers and non-smokers compared. One hundred
      and fifty three patients were seen and 50 of these were life time non-smokers, 35
      smoked one to nine cigarettes a day, and 68 smoked 10 or more cigarettes a day.
      After correction for age the mean FEV1 was found to be significantly lower (p
      less than 0.01) in heavy smokers than in non-smokers. In a subgroup of 89
      subjects who were able to perform the carbon monoxide gas transfer test
      significantly lower values were obtained for the carbon monoxide transfer factor
      (TLCO), (p less than 0.001), TLCO % predicted (p less than 0.001), and the
      transfer coefficient (KCO) (p less than 0.001) in the heavy smokers than in the
      non-smokers, despite the fact that the non-smokers had worked longer in the
      cotton mills (p less than 0.02). The mean TLCO was significantly lower than
      predicted in the heavy smokers (p less than 0.001) but not in the non-smokers. A
      significant negative correlation was found between the number of cigarettes
      smoked per day and the TLCO (p less than 0.01), TLCO % predicted (p less than
      0.001), and KCO (p = 0.005), but not with the number of years spent in the
      carding area. These results provide evidence supporting recent pathological
      observations that emphysema is probably due to concomitant cigarette smoking and
      is not itself a feature of byssinosis.

PMID- 3704969
TI  - Adenoidal tissue as an aid to the diagnosis of sarcoidosis in childhood.

PMID- 3704970
TI  - Farmer's lung after Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.

PMID- 3704971
TI  - Chronic pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis masquerading as lymphangitis
      carcinomatosa.

PMID- 3704972
TI  - Recurrence of tracheo-oesophageal fistula 32 years after primary repair.

PMID- 3704973
TI  - Direct communication between the right pulmonary artery and the left atrium.

PMID- 3704974
TI  - Bronchiectasis and oligospermia: two families.

PMID- 3704975
TI  - Seasonal pattern of acute bronchitis in general practice in the United Kingdom
      1976-83.
AB  - Weekly returns from the Royal College of General Practitioners research unit for
      acute respiratory illnesses in general practice in the United Kingdom show
      appreciable variation in attack rates for acute bronchitis, from a peak in
      January to a trough in August. In 1983, for example, it varied from 171.4 per 100
      000 to 34.5 per 100 000. This pattern is identical for all years from 1976 to
      1983. Attack rates are highest in the extremes of life and lowest in the 15-44
      age group. As many cases of asthma are misdiagnosed as acute bronchitis, further
      analysis of these data will be difficult until the exact diagnostic criteria for
      acute bronchitis used by these general practitioners are established.

PMID- 3704976
TI  - Trends in asthma and hay fever in general practice in the United Kingdom 1976-83.
AB  - Weekly returns from the Royal College of General Practitioners research unit
      indicate that the attack rates for acute asthmatic episodes show a summer peak
      followed by an autumn peak in five out of the eight years studied, a summer peak
      alone in one year, and no discernible peak in two years. The autumn peaks
      coincide precisely with the rise in acute bronchitis attack rates, suggesting
      that autumnal asthma may be due to viral infections occurring against the
      background of bronchial hyperreactivity induced by summer pollen exposure. These
      data might also suggest that autumnal asthma is more likely to be diagnosed as
      acute bronchitis. Hay fever attack rates coincide with the rise in grass pollen
      counts, whereas the summer asthma peak is delayed by two to three weeks after the
      pollen peak.

PMID- 3704977
TI  - Lung function of farmers in England and Wales.
AB  - A study was performed to compare respiratory symptoms and lung function
      measurements in a sample of male farmers and farmworkers in different regions of
      England and Wales with the results obtained in a similar number of control men
      working in industries in the same areas. A total of 428 farmers and farmworkers
      drawn from 146 farms were studied. The prevalence of symptoms of chronic
      bronchitis assessed by the Medical Research Council questionnaire did not differ
      between farmers and controls. Farmers were older, taller, and heavier than
      controls; were less likely to smoke; and had significantly higher forced vital
      capacity (FVC). When each of these factors was taken into account, together with
      social class and geographical region, in a multiple linear regression analysis
      farmers were found to have significantly lower forced expiratory volume in one
      second (FEV1) and forced mid expiratory flow rate (FEF25-75). Among the farmers,
      those doing dairy farming and silage work were the only groups on their own to
      have significantly reduced lung function. The results of this survey suggest the
      need for further exploration of the mechanism of an effect of farming occupations
      on lung function.

PMID- 3704978
TI  - Effect of aminophylline on fatigue of the sternomastoid muscle in man.
AB  - The effect of intravenous aminophylline on the contractility of the sternomastoid
      muscle was measured in the fresh state and after the induction of significant
      fatigue in five normal subjects. Fatigue was produced by repetitive isometric
      neck flexion, for two seconds every four seconds at 70% of the maximum voluntary
      contractile force, continued until exhaustion. Each subject performed three
      experiments, one to two weeks apart, in random order. In experiment 1 fatiguing
      exercise and recovery were completed without aminophylline; in experiment 2
      intravenous aminophylline was started 30 minutes before exercise and continued
      throughout the 60 minute recovery period; and in experiment 3 intravenous
      aminophylline was started immediately after the end of exercise. Aminophylline
      did not influence the frequency-force relationships, relaxation rate, or maximum
      voluntary contractile force in the fresh muscle. After fatiguing exercise there
      was a relatively selective reduction in force response to stimulation frequencies
      of less than 30 Hz, with little alteration in forces at higher frequencies--that
      is, low frequency fatigue--and this effect was present for the entire one hour
      study period. Aminophylline given before or immediately after fatigue did not
      influence the recovery of either low frequency fatigue or maximum voluntary
      contractile force. Aminophylline at therapeutic concentrations had no significant
      effect on the contractility or fatiguability of the normal human sternomastoid
      muscle.

PMID- 3704979
TI  - Histamine challenge testing: comparison of three methods.
AB  - Non-specific bronchial reactivity is related to the severity of clinical asthma.
      Histamine challenge testing is increasingly used in association with
      questionnaires in epidemiological studies of the prevalence and morbidity of
      asthma in the community. The histamine challenge method described by Cockcroft et
      al is widely used and well standardised but it has disadvantages for
      epidemiological studies, being relatively slow and dependent on a supply of
      pressurised air. In this study we have assessed two simpler methods, one
      described by Yan et al and one by Mortagy, and compared these with the Cockcroft
      method. Twenty four adults with asthma were tested with each method in set order
      in a balanced design, and retested with each method in the same order. The
      Mortagy and Yan methods recorded PC20 or PD20 values on both occasions in all 24
      subjects, but the Cockcroft method only 16 subjects. Repeatability, assessed as
      the 95% range for a single measurement, did not differ significantly, being +/-
      1.94, 2.11, and 2.40 doubling concentrations for the Mortagy, Yan, and Cockcroft
      methods respectively. The Mortagy and Yan methods required less cumbersome
      equipment and took under 15 minutes to complete, compared with up to 45 minutes
      for the Cockcroft technique. The similar repeatability of all three methods in
      these subjects suggests that the two faster techniques are viable alternatives.
      The technical problems of standardising the Mortagy method lead us to conclude
      that, of the three methods compared, the Yan technique offers the greatest
      advantages for epidemiological studies.

PMID- 3704980
TI  - Detection of occult cardiac invasion by two dimensional echocardiography in
      patients with bronchial carcinoma.
AB  - Cardiac invasion by bronchial carcinoma may prevent successful resection but may
      be undetected before operation. In a retrospective analysis of 100 consecutive
      thoracotomies nine patients had unsuspected cardiac invasion by tumour. A
      prospective study of preoperative two dimensional echocardiography was therefore
      undertaken in patients with bronchial carcinoma who had no clinical evidence of
      cardiac tumour. Comparison with anatomical findings was possible in 65 patients
      in whom an echocardiogram of suitable quality had been obtained. There was one
      false negative among 55 negative echocardiograms and three false positives among
      10 positive echocardiograms; non-malignant pericardial disease accounted for the
      echocardiographic finding in one of the latter. The predictive value of a
      negative test was 98%, and the predictive value of a positive test was highest
      (80%) if the echocardiogram suggested atrial invasion.

PMID- 3704981
TI  - Metallurgical analysis of failed Bjork-Shiley cardiac valve prostheses.
AB  - An investigation into the mechanisms of failure of current Bjork-Shiley cardiac
      valve prostheses is reported. Two failed valves, one apparently unfailed but
      defective valve, and one unused valve, were examined by scanning electron
      microscopy and metallographic section. In the first two valves (removed 12 and 23
      months after implantation) fracture was associated with the welds joining the
      short strut to the valve ring. The fracture surfaces in all cases were heavily
      faceted and showed branching cracks. Extensive wear had occurred on one fracture
      surface in the first case, suggesting that one leg of the short strut had failed
      before the other, though this had been clinically undetectable. The third valve
      was removed owing to failure of the suturing (24 months after implantation) but
      one leg of the short strut was found to be completely fractured. The other leg
      showed extensive cracking and porosity in the weld region. A metallographic
      section taken through the weld region of the fourth (unused) valve illustrated
      several sizable defects directly attributable to the welding process. It is
      suggested that the valves failed by fatigue and that these problems could be
      overcome if the complete valve cage were machined as a single piece.

PMID- 3704982
TI  - Mycobacterium gordonae: a new pathogen?
AB  - Mycobacterium gordonae is a slow growing scotochromogenic acid fast bacillus
      (Runyon group II) with specific cultural and biochemical characteristics. It is a
      contaminant of water, soil, and raw milk and is usually considered to be
      saprophytic and non-pathogenic in man. We have recently seen two cases of
      pulmonary disease that may have been due to M gordonae, and we now report these
      and review our recent experience of this organism.

PMID- 3704983
TI  - Staphylococcal infection of a left ventricular aneurysm.
AB  - Left ventricular aneurysm formation is a common complication of myocardial
      infarction. Depending on the definition used, the incidence in survivors of acute
      myocardial infarction is between 4% and 40%, with mural thrombi present in about
      half of all aneurysms. Infection of these thrombi at times of bacteraemia might
      be expected to occur quite commonly but has been described only occasionally. We
      present such a case and review previously reported cases.

PMID- 3704984
TI  - Pancoast's syndrome associated with invasive aspergillosis.
AB  - The combination of lower brachial plexus root pain in the shoulder and arm and of
      ipsilateral Horner's syndrome was described by Pancoast in 1932 and is usually
      caused by a malignant tumour at the apex of the lung. We describe a case in which
      the syndrome occurred in an immunosuppressed patient and was due to invasive
      fungal infection.

PMID- 3704985
TI  - Use of different magnification factors to calculate radiological lung volumes.
AB  - In previous papers from this laboratory, Pierce et al described a method of
      measuring lung volumes from routine chest radiographs. The images on the film are
      magnified, and this was taken into account in their calculations. Their findings
      have recently been confirmed by Rodenstein et al. It is important to measure
      magnification accurately because errors in linear dimensions are cubed when
      volume is calculated. This paper describes two simple methods of improving the
      accuracy of the calculation of magnification.

PMID- 3704986
TI  - Gastro-oesophageal reflux and childhood asthma: the acid test.

PMID- 3704987
TI  - [Mean residence time in the body. A new pharmacokinetic parameter?].

PMID- 3704988
TI  - [Changes in the pharmacokinetics of drugs during the menstrual cycle].

PMID- 3704989
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of isoniazid in aged subjects].

PMID- 3704990
TI  - [Topical digestive drugs with a clay base. Influence on the absorption of
      cimetidine].

PMID- 3704991
TI  - [Cardiovascular tolerability of indalpine in therapeutic doses].

PMID- 3704992
TI  - [Role of minoxidil in the treatment of severe arterial hypertension].

PMID- 3704993
TI  - [In vivo study of the effects of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent on the
      function of polymorphonuclear cells in normal subjects].

PMID- 3704994
TI  - [Thrombopenia caused by heparin. Evaluation of cases reported by the Caen-Basse
      Normandie Drug Monitoring Center].

PMID- 3704995
TI  - [Pneumopathy caused by hypersensitivity to azathioprine. Data in favor of an
      immunological mechanism].

PMID- 3704996
TI  - [Bromocriptine and pleuropulmonary fibrosis].

PMID- 3704997
TI  - Long lasting sitting position and haemostasis.
AB  - Blood coagulation, fibrinolysis and platelet aggregability were assessed in 8
      physicians aged 30-40 years, who had travelled non-stop by car from Salonica to
      Athens (510 km) and returned to Salonica after 48 h of rest and after
      administration of 1 g of aspirin. At the end of journey A, platelet aggregability
      was found to be increased (6 out of 8 persons), AT III was decreased by 30% (p
      less than 0.001), the F VIII:C / F VIIIR: Ag ratio was decreased (p less than
      0.02) and ELT was prolonged. At the end of journey B the findings were the
      following: platelet aggregation was not affected, the decrease of AT III was not
      statistically significant and ELT was significantly shortened (p less than
      0.005). A common finding of both journeys was the increase of platelet counts at
      the end (p less than 0.005). The correlation between long lasting sitting and the
      response of the haemostatic balance is suggested. The influence of aspirin is
      discussed.

PMID- 3704998
TI  - Mechanism of the antiplatelet action of dipyridamole in whole blood: modulation
      of adenosine concentration and activity.
AB  - Dipyridamole inhibits platelet aggregation in whole blood at lower concentrations
      than in plasma. The blood cells responsible for increased effectiveness in blood
      are the erythrocytes. Using the impedance aggregometer we have carried out a
      series of pharmacological studies in vitro to elucidate the mechanism of action
      of dipyridamole in whole blood. Adenosine deaminase, an enzyme breaking down
      adenosine, reverses the inhibitory action of dipyridamole. Two different
      adenosine receptor antagonists, 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine and theophylline,
      also partially neutralize the activity of dipyridamole in blood. Enprofylline, a
      phosphodiesterase inhibitor with almost no adenosine receptor antagonistic
      properties, potentiates the inhibition of platelet aggregation by dipyridamole.
      An inhibitory effect similar to that of dipyridamole can be obtained combining a
      pure adenosine uptake inhibitor (RE 102 BS) with a pure phosphodiesterase
      inhibitor (MX-MB 82 or enprofylline). Mixing the blood during preincubation with
      dipyridamole increases the degree of inhibition. Lowering the haematocrit
      slightly reduces the effectiveness. Although we did not carry out direct
      measurements of adenosine levels, the results of our pharmacological studies
      clearly show that dipyridamole inhibits platelet aggregation in whole blood by
      blocking the reuptake of adenosine formed from precursors released by red blood
      cells following microtrauma. Its slight phosphodiesterase inhibitory action
      potentiates the effects of adenosine on platelets.

PMID- 3704999
TI  - Rabbit polyclonal antibodies against the calcium-dependent conformation of factor
      IX and their application in solid phase immunoradiometric assays.
AB  - Two subpopulations of antibodies were isolated from rabbit polyclonal antiserum
      directed against human factor IX: one against the Ca(II)-dependent conformation
      of factor IX and one against the Ca(II)-independent conformation of factor IX.
      The two subpopulations were used for the development of immunoradiometric assays
      (IRMA's) for factor IX:Ca(II)Ag and factor IX:NonCa(II)Ag respectively. Ranges
      for the concentration of factor IX:Ca(II)Ag and factor IX:NonCa(II)Ag were
      established in plasmas of healthy volunteers, patients treated with oral
      anticoagulants and hemophilia B patients. In the group of patients using oral
      anticoagulant therapy a progressively reduced ratio of factor IX:Ca(II)Ag to
      factor IX:NonCa(II)Ag was observed with increasing intensity of oral
      anticoagulant treatment. Variant factor IX molecules from hemophilia B patients
      (CRM-, CRM(Red) and CRM+) with a defective Ca(II) binding or defective
      conformational transition induced by Ca(II) binding, were identified. These
      defects are absent in variant factor IX molecules from one hemophilia Bm patient
      and from patients with hemophilia B Leyden.

PMID- 3705000
TI  - Fibrinogen Milano II: a congenital dysfibrinogenaemia associated with juvenile
      arterial and venous thrombosis.
AB  - A congenitally abnormal fibrinogen was isolated from blood of a young man with
      deep-vein thrombosis. Two other affected members of his family had three episodes
      of severe arterial thrombosis. The fibrinogen showed a delayed clotting by
      thrombin, but a normal clotting by Arvin, Reptilase, and prothrombin
      staphylocoagulase complex. Analysis of the fibrinopeptides A and B by High
      Performance Liquid Chromatography did not reveal an abnormal peptide structure.
      The rate of release of A and B peptides by thrombin was strongly delayed, whereas
      the rate of release of fibrinopeptide A by Arvin appeared to be normal. The
      fibrin polymerization rate was normal. Interactions between the abnormal
      fibrinogen, platelets and the fibrinolytic system were also normal. Evidence is
      presented that the defective interaction between fibrinogen Milano II and
      thrombin is associated with a defective binding of thrombin to the fibrin moiety
      of the abnormal fibrinogen.

PMID- 3705001
TI  - Functional involvement of thrombospondin in platelet aggregation induced by low
      versus high concentrations of thrombin.
AB  - Thrombospondin (TSP) is a major platelet secretory glycoprotein. Earlier studies
      of various investigators demonstrated that TSP is the endogenous platelet lectin
      and is responsible for the hemagglutinating activity expressed on formaldehyde
      fixed thrombin-treated platelets. The direct effect of highly purified TSP on
      thrombin-induced platelet aggregation was studied. It was observed that
      aggregation of gel-filtered platelets induced by low concentrations of thrombin
      (less than or equal to 0.05 U/ml) was progressively inhibited by increasing
      concentrations of exogenous TSP (greater than or equal to 60 micrograms/ml).
      However, inhibition of platelet aggregation by TSP was not observed when higher
      than 0.1 U/ml thrombin was used to activate platelets. To exclude the possibility
      that TSP inhibits platelet aggregation by affecting thrombin activation of
      platelets, three different approaches were utilized. First, by using a
      chromogenic substrate assay it was shown that TSP does not inhibit the
      proteolytic activity of thrombin. Second, thromboxane B2 synthesis by thrombin
      stimulated platelets was not affected by exogenous TSP. Finally, electron
      microscopy of thrombin-induced platelet aggregates showed that platelets were
      activated by thrombin regardless of the presence or absence of exogenous TSP. The
      results indicate that high concentrations of exogenous TSP (greater than or equal
      to 60 micrograms/ml) directly interfere with interplatelet recognition among
      thrombin-activated platelets. This inhibitory effect of TSP can be neutralized by
      anti-TSP Fab. In addition, anti-TSP Fab directly inhibits platelet aggregation
      induced by a low (0.02 U/ml) but not by a high (0.1 U/ml) concentration of
      thrombin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3705002
TI  - Partial thromboplastin time test--proposed performance guidelines. ICSH Panel on
      the PTT.
AB  - The partial thromboplastin time (PTT) test is widely used as a screening test for
      the detection of hemophilia. It is also used to monitor patients on heparin
      anticoagulation. This proposal from a ICSH Panel proposes guidelines for the
      performance of this test, including comparable reference ranges, precision and
      sensitivity requirements.

PMID- 3705003
TI  - Human platelet factor 4 (PF 4) disappearance in rabbits fed an atherogenic diet.

PMID- 3705004
TI  - Increased whole blood fibrinolytic activity in cirrhotic patients.

PMID- 3705005
TI  - Purification and some chemical properties of thrombin-like enzyme from
      Trimeresurus flavoviridis venom.
AB  - There has been no previous report indicating whether thrombin-like enzyme is
      contained in the venom of Trimeresurus flavoviridis which has the strongest toxic
      effect in the case of Habu bite. The present study was undertaken to clarify the
      existence of thrombin-like enzyme in Trimeresurus flavoviridis venom. As a
      starting material, lyophilized crude venom of Trimeresurus flavoviridis was used,
      and ammonium sulphate fractionation, gel filtration using Sephadex G-25, Sephadex
      G-150 and arginine-Sepharose affinity chromatography were carried out to separate
      and purify a thrombin-like enzyme from the crude venom. The enzyme was purified
      to a 137-fold increase in specific activity and the purified preparation revealed
      a single band on SDS-PAGE. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be
      65,000-70,000 daltons by means of SDS-PAGE and gel filtration, and its
      isoelectric point was pH 4.5-5.5. Furthermore, the optimal pH of the enzyme was
      in the range of pH 8.0 to 8.5. Some of the differences in enzymatic properties
      between this enzyme and bovine thrombin were studied. The snake enzyme could
      coagulate only rabbit plasma and convert only purified rabbit fibrinogen to
      fibrin gel. In addition, this thrombin-like enzyme released only fibrinopeptide A
      from purified rabbit fibrinogen and did not release fibrinopeptide B.

PMID- 3705007
TI  - Hemostatic parameters in newborn--I. Effect of gestation and rate of intrauterine
      growth.
AB  - The present study comprises of 208 term, 159 preterm and 18 post-term neonates
      born to mothers with no history of drug intake or any disease likely to effect
      coagulation of the newborn. PT, TT and KCCT were relatively prolonged and plasma
      fibrinogen reduced to varying degree in newborns (as compared to adults). There
      was further prolongation of TT and reduction in plasma fibrinogen levels amongst
      preterm newborns as compared to term babies; TT was more prolonged amongst post
      term babies also. PT was significantly more prolonged till 30 weeks of gestation,
      after which a near plateau was formed. KCCT showed significant improvement after
      33 weeks and a further trend to normalisation after 38 weeks of gestation. Serum
      FDP values showed too much of variation for any meaningful statistical analysis
      but generally FDPs were higher in preterm babies. Intrauterine growth rate had no
      significant effect on these parameters amongst preterms - similar values for SGA
      (small for gestational age), AGA (appropriate for gestational age) and LGA (large
      for gestational age). On the other hand, amongst term babies SGA neonates had
      significantly prolonged PT and low plasma fibrinogen as compared to AGA; LGA
      babies also showed more prolongation of TT as compared to AGA.

PMID- 3705006
TI  - Heparin-associated thrombocytopenia treatment with low molecular weight heparin.
AB  - Eight patients with heparin associated thrombocytopenia (HAT) were treated by a
      low molecular weight heparin derivative (LMW). Biological and clinical
      improvement occurred in all patients. This efficiency confirms the antithrombotic
      activity of LMW and allows its use in patients with HAT.

PMID- 3705008
TI  - Hemostatic parameters in newborn--II. Sequential study during the first four
      weeks of life.
AB  - A sequential study of kaolin cephalin clotting time (KCCT), prothrombin time
      (PT), thrombin time (TT), plasma fibrinogen and serum FDP was conducted during
      the first four weeks of life on term and preterm babies. A "physiological dip" of
      PT and TT was noted inappropriate for gestational age (AGA) babies both term and
      preterm; in case of KCCT, the dip was significant in term AGA babies only. At the
      end of four weeks, PT and TT had moderately improved in term babies but showed
      little improvement in preterm ones; KCCT reached almost an adult value in all
      babies except in preterm AGA and term LGA (large for gestational age) ones.
      Plasma fibrinogen showed no "physiological dip" and reached adult level in two to
      four weeks. Serum FDP levels were appreciably raised in preterm AGA babies only
      at birth and there too normalised by 72 h.

PMID- 3705009
TI  - Effect of dietary vitamin E on the production of platelet 12
      hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE).
AB  - Collagen and thrombin challenged platelets from vitamin E-deficient rabbits
      generated significantly more 12-HETE when compared to the platelets from vitamin
      E-supplemented rabbits. Similarly, conversion of arachidonic acid to 12-HETE was
      increased in platelets from vitamin E-deficient rabbits. These data show that
      vitamin E plays a role not only in deacylation of platelet phospholipids but also
      in the lipoxygenase mediated reactions.

PMID- 3705010
TI  - Increased in vitro platelet aggregation in hypertriglyceridemias.
AB  - Platelet aggregation induced by ADP and collagen was monitored in 25 patients
      with increased serum levels of triglycerides (7 HLPs type IIb, 14 type IV, 4 type
      V patients) and compared with a group of 10 normolipidaemic control persons.
      Platelet aggregation was studied simultaneously in platelet rich plasma (PRP) by
      both turbidometric and impedance technique and also in whole blood (WB) by the
      impedance method. Whereas platelet aggregation testing by turbidometry was
      limited by the optical density of the plasma samples in hypertriglyceridemia, the
      aggregation process could easily be registered in PRP and WB using the impedance
      method. Threshold aggregatory concentrations with both agonists were
      significantly lower for all three groups of HLP.

PMID- 3705012
TI  - Diagnosis of storage pool deficiency by determination of diadenosine 5', 5'''
      P1,P4-tetraphosphate in whole blood.
AB  - Platelets from cat and cattle with Chediak-Higashi disease were found completely
      devoid of Ap4A as measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Using a
      very sensitive firefly biolumnescence method 6% of the normal content of Ap4A
      was, however, found in platelets from sick animals. A content of Ap A of 1.90 +/-
      0.11 X 10 M (means +/- SEM, n = 10) was found in whole normal human blood as
      measured by firefly bioluminescense method in trichloroacetic acid extracts of
      the blood samples. This concentration corresponds to the contribution from the
      platelets, thus the contribution of Ap4A from erythrocytes and the "buffy-coat"
      is negligible. Using the same method an Ap4A contents in platelets of 0.063 and
      0.021 nmol/mg of protein compared to the normal content of 0.42 nmol/mg of
      protein (1) was found in two patients with severe myeloproliferative disorder
      calculated in this way on basis of platelet counts and on the assumption that
      10(11) platelets contain 189 mg of protein (2). Comparison of these figures with
      parallel HPLC analyses on acid extracts of platelets isolated from the same
      patient were in agreement. The storage pool deficiency of adenine nucleotides in
      this disease found by others on basis of release experiments (3) can thus be
      diagnosed by rapid and simple measurements of Ap4A in whole blood using the
      advantage of Ap4A being a specific components stored in dense granules.

PMID- 3705011
TI  - Hepatitis B virus associated DNA polymerase inactivation in factor IX
      concentrates.
AB  - Inactivation of Hepatitis B virus associated DNA polymerase was studied in factor
      IX concentrate (coagulation factors II, VII, IX and X) by heat pasteurization (60
      degrees C, 10 hr) and by alkylating agents iodoacetic acid and iodoacetamide. DNA
      polymerase appeared to reach a residual level which occurred in human serum
      albumin at 60 degrees C, 10 hr under comparable spike level of hepatitis B virus.
      Of the four coagulation factors, factor IX activity was most susceptible to
      inactivation procedures with 40-50% recovery across heat pasteurization and
      approximately 70% recovery across iodoacetic acid treatment. Factor IX specific
      activities of the treated concentrates were greater than or equal to 70% of the
      untreated controls with no appreciable change of corresponding NAPTT values.
      Factor IX concentrates subjected to such inactivation procedures should reduce
      the potential for hepatitis B virus transmission.

PMID- 3705013
TI  - A note on the use of Quin2 in studying shear-induced platelet aggregation.
AB  - Quin2, a calcium ion chelator which can penetrate plasma membranes, was used to
      study the role of intracellular calcium ion concentration in mediating shear
      induced platelet activation. Washed platelet suspensions were subjected to
      various levels of uniform, known shear stress in a cone and plate viscometer in
      the absence of added agonists. Additional samples were aggregated in response to
      chemical platelet agonists in a conventional aggregometer. The aggregometer
      response of Quin2-containing platelets to collagen, thrombin and ADP exhibited
      increased lag time and reduced maximum rate of aggregation in comparison to
      controls. However, the extent of aggregation of the Quin2-containing platelets
      eventually reached the same level as that of the controls. Very different results
      were obtained for aggregation by shear stress in the viscometer. Shear-induced
      aggregation was significantly suppressed by Quin2 treatment at both short (30
      seconds) and long (300 seconds) times of exposure to the shear field. Shear
      induced dense granular release and cellular lysis were unaltered by Quin2
      treatment at 30 second exposure times, but both were significantly increased by
      Quin2 treatment at 300 second exposure times. These results suggest that
      intracellular calcium ion mobilization is an important early step in shear
      induced platelet activation. Additionally, Quin2 appears to have effects
      resulting in increased platelet fragility. Thus, the findings raise questions on
      the suitability of Quin2 as an intracellular calcium ion probe in studies in
      shear fields.

PMID- 3705014
TI  - Spontaneous platelet aggregation in heparinised blood during pregnancy.
AB  - A marked increase in spontaneous platelet aggregation in whole blood was found
      during pregnancy. The increased spontaneous aggregation was most evident in whole
      blood anticoagulated with heparin; it was less marked in blood that contained
      citrate as anticoagulant. Studies of blood that contained both anticoagulants
      indicated that it is heparin that potentiates aggregation in blood taken during
      pregnancy rather than citrate that inhibits it. Increased spontaneous aggregation
      was seen in normotensive pregnancy, in pregnancy complicated by essential
      hypertension and in pregnancy-induced hypertension. In normotensive pregnancy it
      was evident at 16 weeks gestation but in pregnancy complicated with essential
      hypertension it was not evident until 24 weeks gestation. For all the women
      spontaneous aggregation had returned to normal six weeks after delivery.

PMID- 3705015
TI  - Defective calcium transport in platelets from stroke-prone spontaneously
      hypertensive rats.
AB  - Aggregation and secretion of washed platelets from stroke-prone spontaneously
      hypertensive rats(SHRSP) were greatly reduced by the development of hypertension
      in comparison with age-matched normotensive WKY platelets. In an attempt to
      clarify the mechanism of the defective functions, Ca2+ transport in platelets
      from SHRSP and WKY were studied. Changes of cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration
      ([Ca2+]i) were examined by using Quin 2. [Ca2+]i increase in response to
      thrombin(0.028 - 0.11 U/ml) was significantly delayed in SHRSP platelets compared
      with that of age-matched WKY platelets. The time(sec) to peak in [Ca2+]i was
      about two times longer in SHRSP platelets than in WKY platelets. [Ca2+]i levels
      at resting state were significantly lower in SHRSP platelets while there was no
      difference in maximal [Ca2+]i level in response to thrombin (0.031 - 0.125 U/ml)
      between the two strains. In addition thrombin-induced 45Ca2+ uptake was
      significantly delayed in SHRSP platelets. This delay of [Ca2+]i increase
      following thrombin stimulation might be associated with the hypofunctions of
      SHRSP platelets.

PMID- 3705016
TI  - A method for the determination of antithrombin III using a unique synthetic
      substrate.

PMID- 3705017
TI  - Interrelationship between secretion, protein phosphorylation and intracellular
      Ca2+ concentration in platelets stimulated by thrombin or thromboxane A2
      analogue.
AB  - The interrelationship between ATP-secretion, protein phosphorylation and
      intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) was studied in both 32P and quin 2
      loaded human platelets stimulated by thrombin or thromboxane A2 analogue (STA2).
      In platelets stimulated by thrombin, the degree of 47,000 dalton polypeptides
      (P47) phosphorylation was observed in completely dose-related manner, regardless
      of the amount of [Ca2+]i. In the same condition, the degree of myosin light chain
      (P20) phosphorylation, however, was well correlated with ATP secretion and
      [Ca2+]i, when platelets were stimulated by lower dose of thrombin. The similar
      results were obtained in platelets stimulated by STA2. These findings suggested
      that P20, but not P47, phosphorylation in activated platelets is mediated by a
      rise of [Ca2+]i and is well correlated with the secretory reaction. It was
      unlikely that P47 phosphorylation plays any role in promoting platelet
      activation.

PMID- 3705018
TI  - The effect of normovolaemic haemodilution on the early patency rate of small
      calibre vascular prostheses studied in a new animal model.
AB  - A new animal model has been developed to study early thrombosis in small calibre
      vascular prostheses. It consists of an ePTFE graft 2 cm long and of 3mm internal
      diameter inserted into a rabbit abdominal aorta in which the distal run-off is
      reduced by narrowing both common iliac arteries using clips with a standard gap.
      Scanning electron microscopy and in vivo gamma imaging of the graft using
      labelled autologous platelets showed that, as in the human, platelets played a
      primary role in the model graft thrombosis. This model was used to study the
      effect of haemodilution on early graft patency. Moderate normovolaemic
      haemodilution dramatically improved the early patency rate.

PMID- 3705020
TI  - Evidence that low molecular fibrinogen (LMW) is formed in man by degradation of
      high molecular weight fibrinogen (HMW).

PMID- 3705019
TI  - Platelet cytoskeletal components involved in shape change and secretion.
AB  - We investigated the role of cytoskeletal components in platelet activation under
      conditions in which changes in the shape of platelets, their secreting reaction,
      or both, would occur. When rabbit platelets were stimulated with 0.1 U/ml
      thrombin, they changed their shape, secreted serotonin, and incorporated actin
      binding protein (ABP), myosin, and actin into their cytoskeletons. Platelets
      treated with 2 microM cytochalasin E and stimulated with 0.1 U/ml thrombin
      secreted serotonin and assembled myosin and actin into their cytoskeletons, but
      did not change in shape. Stimulation with a low dose of thrombin (0.001 U/ml) or
      ADP (10 microM) caused a change in shape and incorporation of ABP, myosin, and
      actin, but not serotonin secretion. These results suggest that the assembly of
      myosin and actin into platelet cytoskeletons is related to the secreting
      reaction, and that ABP, myosin, and actin are all involved in the changes in
      platelet shape.

PMID- 3705021
TI  - Simplified chromogenic substrate assay for low molecular weight heparin.

PMID- 3705022
TI  - In vitro and ex vivo effect of cimetidine on human platelet aggregation.

PMID- 3705023
TI  - Effects of tranexamic acid on fibrinolysis, fibrinogenolysis and amidolysis.
AB  - When Glu-plasminogen (Glu-plg) was activated by urokinase (UK) in the presence of
      fibrinogen or fibrinogen plus tranexamic acid (1 mM), or else tranexamic acid (1
      mM), the activation as measured by the hydrolysis of S-2251 was enhanced by
      tranexamic acid or fibrinogen or both. When plasma or clotted plasma was
      activated by UK in the presence of 1 mM tranexamic acid, fibrinolysis was
      completely inhibited. When Lys-plg was activated by UK in the presence of
      tranexamic acid and fibrin or fibrinogen, fibrinolysis was completely inhibited
      by 1 mM tranexamic acid, but some inhibition of fibrinogenolysis was observed.
      The release of B beta 15-42 from fibrin in clotted plasma activated by UK was
      inhibited to some extent by 1 mM tranexamic acid. The release of B beta 15-42
      from fibrin after UK-activation of Lys-plg was partly inhibited by tranexamic
      acid. In conclusion, tranexamic acid in the concentration of 1 mM enhanced
      amidolysis, but inhibted fibrinolysis measured by the generation of fibrin
      degradation products. Fibrinogenolysis and the release of B beta 15-42 from
      fibrin were partly inhibited.

PMID- 3705025
TI  - [Is the mystery of the placebo going to be solved? A Pavlovian reflex for the
      activation of selfhealing mechanisms].

PMID- 3705024
TI  - The effect of dietary fish oil on platelet metabolism of 14C arachidonic acid.

PMID- 3705026
TI  - [Abdominal complaints of unknown origin. A prospective study].

PMID- 3705027
TI  - [Enuresis in school children. Occurrence in pupils in grades 1-6 in Bodo].

PMID- 3705028
TI  - [Gianotti-Crosti syndrome].

PMID- 3705029
TI  - [Somatization as a transcultural problem].

PMID- 3705030
TI  - [Cataract surgery. Development illustrated by case material from Ulleval
      Hospital].

PMID- 3705031
TI  - [Cataract surgery in Norway 1983 and 1984].

PMID- 3705033
TI  - [Iatrogenic splenic injuries].

PMID- 3705032
TI  - [Surgical treatment of thyrotoxicosis. A prospective study of 109 patients
      pretreated with propranolol].

PMID- 3705034
TI  - [Iron requirements of hemodialysis patients. Serum ferritin as an indicator].

PMID- 3705035
TI  - [Impaired glucose tolerance and diuretics. A study of withdrawal].

PMID- 3705036
TI  - [Water intoxication. Diabetes insipidus treated with Minirin].

PMID- 3705037
TI  - [Continuous monitoring of cerebral function in newborn infants].

PMID- 3705038
TI  - [Neonatal meningitis caused by Flavobacterium meningosepticum].

PMID- 3705039
TI  - [Vertebral body anomaly as the cause of juvenile spinal compression].

PMID- 3705040
TI  - [Clustering of disease. Some statistical considerations].

PMID- 3705041
TI  - [Occupational hygiene in general practice].

PMID- 3705042
TI  - [Clinical pathology in practice: 6-year experience with a laboratory in a
      veterinary group practice].
AB  - From January 1st 1979, the Veterinary Association of South-East Drenthe made use
      of the services of a self-operated clinical-pathological laboratory. In the
      present paper, the reasons for choosing this form of service and the
      possibilities of research available to the laboratory are stated. In addition,
      the extent of activities over the last six years is reviewed. Experience so far
      is favourably assessed, both by veterinary practitioners and by clients.

PMID- 3705043
TI  - [Revaccination of pigeons against paramyxovirus infections based on blood
      analysis].

PMID- 3705044
TI  - [Veterinary Chief Inspection of Public Health. The prevalence of Trichinella
      spiralis in horses].

PMID- 3705045
TI  - [The copper status of cattle in the Netherlands].
AB  - During two periods of investigation, at an interval of five years, samples of 333
      livers of cows of known origin were collected in the Netherlands. The
      concentrations of copper were analysed approximately in 0.5 g of dry matter by
      acid incineration and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results showed
      that there were areas characterised by a rather large number of low
      concentrations (Leyden, Isle of Texel, southern Limburg) and areas characterised
      by very high concentrations (Veluwe and Peel areas), the latter probably
      resulting from the use of pig manure on a large scale. In the present paper the
      significance of threshold values of the concentrations of copper in the liver are
      discussed; these were 25 and 400 mg/kg of dry matter, normal copper levels and a
      normal structure and function of the liver being maintained. On the basis of
      these threshold values the two investigations revealed too low concentrations of
      copper in the livers in thirty (17 per cent) of the cases and too high
      concentrations in eight (17 per cent) of the cases. Sampling livers from
      slaughterhouses naturally does not produce a representative picture of the entire
      population of dairy cattle in the Netherlands. None the less the results show
      that the copper status of cows in the Netherlands not infrequently leaves much to
      be desired.

PMID- 3705046
TI  - [A special comparative pathology].
AB  - In twenty-nine years, teaching of the subject 'Nosology of Exotic Animals' has
      acquired a specific content and taken on a structural form. A sort of 'clinical
      pathology' developed, which yielded many fruits. The Department of Nosology of
      Exotic Animals stood up for the conservation of animals in danger of becoming
      extinct by stimulating breeding of these animals. Various methods are used in
      comparative nosology. Not only clinical processes but also species of animals and
      pathological reaction patterns are compared. As regards education, an approach
      from the point of view of pathology is essential for the time being in
      transmitting the understanding of processes of disease, based on morbid
      anatomical and patho-biological findings. Future scientific developments are
      mainly anticipated in teaching on the subject of small companion animals,
      knowledge of the nosology of laboratory animals, animals in zoological gardens
      and those living in the wild. Studies will be partly on research level; they
      will, however, take the form of setting up special projects wherever possible.

PMID- 3705047
TI  - [Tail biting in slaughtering calves].

PMID- 3705048
TI  - [Epidemiological study using computerized data bases. I. The nature of veterinary
      observation studies].
AB  - The concept of disease causality is discussed. The investigation of cause using
      the three types of epidemiological observational study (cross-sectional, case
      control and cohort), measures of association applied in the studies, the
      interpretation of results and bias, are described.

PMID- 3705049
TI  - [Epidemiologic studies using computerized data bases. II. The design of
      computerized data bases].
AB  - The nature of veterinary data is discussed. Four types of data base model are
      presented, and their implementation in computerised recording systems is
      described. The advantages and deficiencies of established veterinary data bases
      are listed.

PMID- 3705050
TI  - [The Veterinary Service Board. African swine fever found in South Holland].

PMID- 3705051
TI  - Bacterial meningitis in 366 children in the Netherlands, 1982-1983. Epidemiology
      and antibiotic therapy.
AB  - Records of 366 children 0-15 years with bacterial meningitis (April 1982-March
      1983) were reviewed in the framework of a medical audit. The general
      epidemiological pattern and the antibiotics administered are described and the
      patients in general hospitals are compared with those in academic hospitals. H.
      influenzae has been isolated from 31% of patients, N. meningitidis from 23% and
      S. pneumoniae from 10%. Case-fatality ratio was 6.6% overall, but it was higher
      in disease due to rare pathogens like E. coli and group B-Streptococcus (up to
      25%). These rare pathogens were more common among patients in academic than in
      general hospitals. However, this difference was not significant, nor were
      differences in age distribution or case-fatality ratio between the two hospital
      categories. As initial therapy chloramphenicol plus a penicillin were
      administered to 30% of patients. On the fifth day of treatment ampicillin was the
      most frequently used antibiotic in general hospitals (31%), but in academic
      centres the above-mentioned combination (27%) and penicillin alone (24%) were
      most popular. It is argued that new antibiotics need to be evaluated carefully.
      Because this necessitates several hundreds of patients, multi-centered randomised
      trials should be carried out.

PMID- 3705052
TI  - [Transient hyperphosphatasemia in infants and young children].
AB  - Transient hyperphosphatasemia of infancy. Striking transient increases in serum
      alkaline phosphatase in nine new cases are reported. The etiology is still
      unknown. The patients were 6.5 months to 30 months of age and none showed any
      clinical evidence of hepatic or skeletal disease. Values became normal within 12
      weeks in all patients. It is important to know this condition to avoid
      unnecessary and expensive diagnostic procedures. Though hyperphosphatasemia does
      not seem to give any problems we recommend a brief diagnostic protocol in order
      to recognize transient hyperphosphatasemia of infancy.

PMID- 3705053
TI  - Natural autoreactive H-2-specific serum antibodies in a group of BALB/cBy (H-2d)
      mice.
AB  - Natural autoreactive H-2-specific antibodies were detected by lymphocytotoxic
      test in sera of 15 BALB/cBy (H-2d) mice maintained in the same cage. The
      antibodies could be detected only for a short period of time; they reacted
      strongly with H-2d and H-2s and weakly with H-2k,q,r cells. Such antibodies could
      not be identified in sera of other groups of mice of the same strain maintained
      in the same environment. All serum-positive mice had a shorter life span than
      control mice. However, neither a real link between the antibodies and the disease
      nor a clear understanding of the disease was achieved.

PMID- 3705054
TI  - Genetics of rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - The haplotype sharing distribution in affected sib pairs are used to demonstrate
      the linkage of a susceptibility gene for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to the HLA
      region. Family and population studies suggest heterogeneity in the etiology of
      RA.

PMID- 3705055
TI  - A freeze-fracture study of the body wall of adult, in utero larvae and infective
      stage larvae of Trichinella (Nematoda).
AB  - The surface layers of the cuticle, the hypodermal membranes and the muscle
      membranes of the adult, the in utero larvae and the infective-stage larvae of the
      nematode Trichinella spiralis have been studied by means of the freeze-fracturing
      technique. The surface of the cuticle of both adults and larvae fractures in ways
      different from membranes of internal cells. The surface coat on top of the
      epicuticle is probably the layer that changes antigenically. Reticulate ridges,
      with associated particles, on the E face of the outer hypodermal membrane of the
      adult are probably sites of attachment of the hypodermis to the cuticle.
      Longitudinally arranged ridges, with associated particles, of the outer
      hypodermal membrane are probably points of attachment to the cuticle in the in
      utero and infective larvae. Rectilinear arrays of particles are present on the P
      face of the inner hypodermal membrane and the P face of the muscle membrane
      adjacent to the hypodermis of adults and larvae and probably play a role in
      adhesion of the muscle membrane to the hypodermis. Particle-free areas of
      membrane lie external to the Z bundles of the muscle cell and are similar to the
      sites of attachment of Z lines in insect muscles.

PMID- 3705056
TI  - The external limiting membrane in developing normal and dysplastic canine retina.
AB  - Development of the external limiting membrane of the retina in English springer
      spaniel fetuses and neonates with incipient stages of retinal dysplasia and in
      normal mongrel fetuses and neonates was examined using transmission electron
      microscopy and the freeze-fracture technique. The external limiting membrane of
      the retina of normal canine fetuses was composed of zonulae adherentes in which
      there were focal areas of apparent apposition between adjacent ventricular cell
      membranes. Freeze-fracture examination revealed gap junctions within the external
      limiting membrane that were composed of 8-10 nm P-face particles in aggregates of
      variable size and shape. These junctions corresponded to areas of focal membrane
      apposition. Tight junction strands were also identified in deep E-face grooves
      which were located perpendicular to the external limiting membrane. At day 46 of
      gestation in incipiently dysplastic English springer spaniel fetal eyes, there
      was a marked decrease in the size and area occupied by gap junctions within the
      external limiting membrane as compared with retinas of mongrel control fetuses at
      the same age and of other age groups. This apparent loss of gap junctions,
      coincident with the incipient onset of histologically detectable dysplastic
      events in the sensory retina, may contribute to the morphogenesis of the defect.

PMID- 3705057
TI  - Localization of the lipid intermediate pathway of protein glycosylation in
      oviduct cell types.
AB  - Oviduct tissue slices were incubated with [3H]-leucine or [3H]-mannose in the
      presence and absence of tunicamycin, a specific inhibitor of lipid-mediated
      protein glycosylation. Conditions were established where tunicamycin had maximal
      effect on [3H]-mannose incorporation (greater than 90% inhibition) but a minimal
      effect on [3H]-leucine incorporation (less than 10% inhibition) into total TCA
      insoluble products. Analysis of incubated tissues by SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis revealed that in the absence of tunicamycin, [3H]-mannose was
      incorporated into only a few proteins, of which ovalbumin represented the major
      radiolabeled component. Tunicamycin markedly reduced the incorporation of [3H]
      mannose into ovalbumin and other oviduct glycoproteins. In contrast, analysis by
      SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that [3H]-leucine was incorporated
      into a variety of proteins in the absence of tunicamycin. The radioactivity
      profile of some of these proteins was shifted toward lower Mr when oviduct slices
      were incubated in the presence of tunicamycin, with only a minimal decrease in
      protein labeling. Light microscopic autoradiograms of tissue incubated with [3H]
      leucine in either the presence or absence of tunicamycin exhibited extensive
      labeling of tubular gland and epithelial cells. In the absence of tunicamycin,
      these cell types also become markedly labeled with [3H]-mannose; however,
      incorporation of label in both cell types was substantially reduced in the
      presence of tunicamycin. Qualitatively, labeling of tubular gland cells appeared
      greater than that of epithelial cells, largely due to the concentration of silver
      grains over the dense population of secretory vesicles in the tubular gland
      cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3705058
TI  - Device of anoxic chamber system and repair of potentially lethal damage of anoxic
      cells in vitro.
AB  - In order to study radiation responses of anoxic plateau phase cells in vitro, an
      air-tight anoxic chamber was devised in which Chinese hamster V-79 or Swiss mouse
      NIH3T3 cells were deoxygenated by replacing the air with saturatedly humidified
      N2 gas. The cells as adhered on the culture plate, which was contained in the
      anoxic chamber, were x-irradiated. The deoxygenated condition in the anoxic
      chamber was maintained as long as necessary. Oxygen enhancement ratio obtained by
      the anoxic chamber was about 2.6. Repair of potentially lethal damage of the
      anoxic plateau phase cells was observed to the same extent of that of the oxic
      cells.

PMID- 3705059
TI  - Blood anesthetic levels during surface-induced deep hypothermia under halothane
      diethyl ether azeotrope anesthesia.
AB  - Blood anesthetic concentration and clinical indicators related to anesthetic
      management during surface-induced deep hypothermia were determined in seven adult
      mongrel dogs. The azeotrope of halothane and diethyl ether was assayed by gas
      chromatography. Blood concentration of halothane ranged from a pre-cooling
      control of 0.74 vol % to 0.11 vol % at 20 degrees C rewarming; ether ranged from
      0.06 vol % at 20 degrees C rewarming to 0.22 vol % at 35 degrees C rewarming.
      Administration of anesthetic was reduced during cooling because of the
      spontaneous decrease in mean arterial pressure and heart rate. After elective
      circulatory arrest was induced, anesthetic was not required until after cardiac
      resuscitation at about 22 degrees C rewarming. Initial clinical signs indicating
      a need to increase administration of anesthetic included spontaneous respiration
      and an increase in mean arterial pressure. Blood azeotrope concentration was
      significantly lower during rewarming than at comparable temperatures during
      cooling. We conclude that blood concentration of halothane and ether changes as a
      function of body temperature and that anesthetic demand may be diminished
      following total circulatory arrest.

PMID- 3705060
TI  - Effect of dobutamine on adenylate cyclase activity in rabbit renal pelvis and
      ureter.
AB  - The adenylate cyclase activity in the rabbit renal pelvis and ureter was measured
      by the method of Salomon et al. (1974). The dobutamine-induced increase of
      adenylate cyclase activity is more prominent in the renal pelvis including the
      pacemaker region than in the ureter that is non-pacemaker region in the upper
      urinary tract. Therefore, it is thought that the pacemaker region is different
      from other regions in the upper urinary tract with regard to responses to
      dobutamine.

PMID- 3705061
TI  - Ambulatory blood pressure measurement in a patient with pheochromocytoma by means
      of finger volume-oscillometric device.
AB  - A new device which measures ambulatory blood pressure was used to detect
      paroxysmal hypertension in patients with pheochromocytoma. The device uses a
      finger volume-oscillometric technique for the long-term measurement of indirect
      arterial pressure at desired intervals. The device clearly detected crises of
      hypertension of short duration. This device is invaluable for the detection of
      paroxysmal hypertension in patients with pheochromocytoma.

PMID- 3705062
TI  - Apolipoprotein E phenotypes and plasma lipids in young and middle-aged subjects.
AB  - The relationship between apolipoprotein (apo) E phenotypes and the levels of
      plasma lipid, lipoprotein and apo E in young (mean, 21 years of age) and middle
      aged (mean, 49 years of age) subjects was investigated. Apo E phenotypes were
      determined by a rapid flat gel isoelectric focusing method that we had developed
      previously. Young subjects with apo E3/2 and E4/3 had significantly higher levels
      of plasma triglyceride (TG), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-TG and VLDL
      cholesterol than those with apo E3/3. Middle-aged subjects with apo E3/2 (54.5%)
      and E4/3 (39.1%) had higher frequency of hyperlipoproteinemia (mainly type IV)
      than those with apo E3/3 (25.8%). Furthermore, the middle-aged subjects with apo
      E3/2 had significantly higher levels of plasma TG, VLDL-TG and apo E, and
      significantly lower levels of plasma high density lipoprotein-cholesterol than
      those with apo E3/3. These results indicate that apo E phenotype E3/2 and E4/3
      are associated with lipid abnormalities even in young subjects, which may be
      caused by impaired functions of apo E2 and E4.

PMID- 3705063
TI  - Effect of cations and some compounds on paraquat accumulation into cultured
      pneumocytes.
AB  - Paraquat and diquat, bipyridilium herbicides, have been shown to be accumulated
      into pneumocytes of three species in culture. Paraquat at 10(-3) M was
      accumulated to a maximum of 3-7 nmol/mg protein for 20 min. Diquat accumulated
      more slowly but reached a concentration of 1-6 nmol/mg protein for 60 min.
      Differences in the ability of various pneumocytes to accumulate paraquat and
      diquat appear to exist. It was found that the cations, Ca++, Na+ and K+, reduced
      the accumulation of paraquat. Valinomycin stimulated paraquat accumulation
      significantly. On the other hand, paraquat accumulation was inhibited by 2, 4
      dinitrophenol. These results indicate that paraquat may be accumulated, in part,
      as cation species into pneumocytes and also by a energy-dependent process
      regulated by cellular ATP.

PMID- 3705064
TI  - Characterization of plasma lipoproteins in survivors of cerebral infarction.
AB  - To characterize the plasma lipoproteins in survivors of cerebral infarction,
      plasma lipoproteins were ultracentrifugally fractionated into VLDL, LDL, HDL2 and
      HDL3, and the concentrations of cholesterol, phospholipid, apolipoprotein and
      triglyceride in each lipoprotein class were determined. Subjects examined were 15
      male healthy controls and 15 male survivors of cerebral infarction situated in
      the distribution of cerebral cortical artery. The concentrations of VLDL
      cholesterol and VLDL-triglyceride and the percent content of VLDL-cholesterol
      were higher in survivors than in controls. The concentration of LDL-triglyceride
      was higher and the percent content of LDL-cholesterol was lower in survivors than
      in controls. While the plasma concentration of triglyceride was higher in
      survivors than in controls, those of HDL, HDL2 and HDL3 were lower in survivors.
      The concentrations of cholesterol, phospholipid and apolipoprotein in either HDL2
      or HDL3 were also reduced in survivors as compared with controls. In either HDL2
      or HDL3, the percent content of triglyceride was higher and that of phospholipid
      was lower in survivors than in controls. These results were in good agreement
      with those reported for survivors of myocardial infarction, suggesting that the
      underlying derangement in lipoprotein metabolism is common to myocardial and
      cerebral infarction.

PMID- 3705065
TI  - Poisoning by hallucinogenic mushroom hikageshibiretake (Psilocybe argentipes K.
      Yokoyama) indigenous to Japan.
AB  - Five cases of poisoning by indigenous mushroom Hikageshibiretake (Psilocybe
      argentipes) are reported. As this mushroom contains psilocybin, in general,
      clinical features were similar to those seen by pure psilocybin. Acute toxic
      stuporous state with complete amnesia in the culminating period occurred in one
      case, psychedelic state with dreamy consciousness in one case and psychotic
      adverse reactions with vivid visual hallucinations with consciousness in three
      cases. There were accompanied with anxiety and panic reactions to subjective
      experiences. Though these toxic effects were usually short-lived, for management
      of such patients it is important to recognize that horrible emotional reactions
      and other harmful behavioral problems can also occur.

PMID- 3705066
TI  - Roentgenographically occult bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma: location in the
      bronchi, depth of invasion and length of axial involvement of the bronchus.
AB  - Forty patients with roentgenographically occult lung cancer underwent surgical
      resection. In thirty-five, cancer was detected by mass screening and in five at
      outpatient clinic. Bronchoscopic localization was accomplished in all cases.
      Serial block-sections of bronchi of all surgical specimens were prepared and
      examined microscopically. Forty-two lesions of bronchogenic squamous cell
      carcinoma were found including two of concurrent occult carcinoma. The site of
      tumor in the bronchi, the depth of mural invasion and the axial length of
      involved portion were investigated microscopically. The depth was measured with a
      micrometer. Fifteen lesions occurred in a subsegmental or a sub-subsegmental
      bronchus and 27 in a segmental or a central bronchus. Based on the depth of
      invasion (DI), occult bronchogenic carcinomas were classified microscopically
      into six categories (DI0 to DI5). Of the 42 lesions, 6 were judged as carcinoma
      in situ (DI0), 4 as suspicious invasion (DI1), 7 as intramucosal invasion (DI2),
      17 as extramuscular invasion (DI3), 5 as extracartilaginous invasion (DI4) and 3
      as extrabronchial invasion (DI5). Microscopic analysis revealed the presence of
      at least two types of infiltration in the bronchial wall. One was the creeping
      type in which carcinoma extended flatly along the superficial layers of bronchus
      and was presumed to stay as an occult lung cancer for a long time. The other, the
      penetrating type in which carcinoma extended deeply into the wall, was presumed
      to advance within a short period.

PMID- 3705067
TI  - Carpal tunnel syndrome in patients on long-term hemodialysis.
AB  - Sixteen cases with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) were reported out of 412 patients
      on long-term hemodialysis due to chronic renal failure. Clinical symptoms
      included numbness in the area innervated by the median nerve in 100% of
      symptomatic hands and pain in the wrist and hand in 81%. This pain usually became
      severer at night and during hemodialysis. Muscle atrophy was noted in 41% of the
      hands. Nerve conduction studies revealed prolonged distal sensory latency, slowed
      sensory nerve conduction velocity across the wrist and normal distal motor
      latency in 18%, prolonged distal motor latency in 51% and no response in motor or
      sensory stimulation in 31%. Evidence of denervation on electromyography was seen
      in 36% of the hands. Patients were conservatively treated avoiding daily
      activities precipitating the condition with volar wrist splint only at night in
      18% and in 90% with steroid hormone injection in the carpal tunnel. Median nerve
      release was performed in 18% of the hands. Amyloid deposit was demonstrated in 3
      of 4 operated hands. Although the relation between long-term hemodialysis and the
      occurrence of the amyloid deposition in the carpal tunnel has not been
      established, the present data along with other recent reports strongly indicate
      that amyloid deposit in the carpal tunnel on hemodialysis patients could be one
      of the most possible cause of CTS.

PMID- 3705068
TI  - Effects of anti-convulsants on fatty acid metabolism in human serum.
AB  - The effects of diphenylhydantoin and phenobarbital on lipids metabolism were
      studied by quantification of lipids in human serum with GC-MS. The ratios of
      palmitic acid to stearic, oleic and linoleic acids decreased in patients on
      diphenylhydantoin therapy. Increases of free palmitic, stearic and oleic acids
      concentrations as well as higher cholesterol ester levels were observed in
      patients receiving either diphenylhydantoin or phenobarbital. With respect to
      fatty acids composition of cholesterol esters and phosphatidyl-choline, higher
      concentrations of palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids were observed in patients on
      diphenylhydantoin and phenobarbital therapy. Although the concentration of
      palmitic acid in serum phosphatidylcholine remained the same for all groups, a
      marked decrease in stearic, oleic and linoleic acids concentrations in serum
      phosphatidylcholine was observed in diphenylhydantoin treated group, and oleic
      acid in phenobarbital treated group. These results suggested the relationship to
      lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity by these drugs.

PMID- 3705069
TI  - Metabolism and disposition of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in rainbow
      trout.
AB  - Accumulation, tissue distribution, and depuration of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p
      dioxin (TCDD)-derived 3H were studied in fingerling rainbow trout fed a diet
      containing 494 ppt [3H]TCDD for 13 weeks followed by the same diet without TCDD
      for 13 weeks. This exposure did not cause fin rot, cutaneous hemorrhage, reduced
      growth rate, or an increase in relative lethality in TCDD-exposed fish. Visceral
      fat, carcass, skin, and pyloric caeca and all fatty tissues, accounted for
      greater than 90% of the TCDD-derived 3H in the fish after the 13-week exposure
      period. The remaining TCDD-derived radioactivity was distributed to skeletal
      muscle, gill, gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney, heart, and spleen. High
      pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of 3H in skeletal muscle, liver, kidney,
      carcass, and visceral fat showed that it was primarily due to TCDD (greater than
      or equal to 98%) and not metabolites (less than or equal to 2%). The t1/2 for
      whole-body depuration of TCDD-derived 3H was 15 weeks, and individual organ t1/2
      values ranged from 8 to 19 weeks. To determine if rainbow trout metabolize TCDD,
      adult fish were injected with [14C]TCDD (60 micrograms/kg, ip), and gallbladder
      bile, liver, skeletal muscle, and kidney were analyzed 1 week later. While only
      the parent compound was found in the tissues, bile contained at least three TCDD
      metabolites and the parent compound. beta-Glucuronidase treatment of the bile
      suggested that at least one TCDD metabolite was a glucuronide conjugate.

PMID- 3705070
TI  - 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin metabolism and disposition in yellow perch.
AB  - Accumulation, tissue distribution, and depuration of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p
      dioxin (TCDD)-derived 3H were examined in fingerling yellow perch fed a diet
      containing 494 ppt of [3H]TCDD for 13 weeks followed by the same diet without
      TCDD for 13 weeks. None of the TCDD-exposed perch showed any signs of overt
      toxicity such as reduced growth rate, fin necrosis, cutaneous hemorrhage, or
      lethality. At the end of the 13-week exposure period, 78% of the total body
      burden of TCDD-derived 3H was contained in the carcass and visceral fat while the
      remaining 22% was distributed among the liver (9%), gill (5%), skin (3%),
      skeletal muscle (2%), gastrointestinal tract (1%), pyloric caeca (1%), kidney
      (less than 1%), spleen (less than 1%), and heart (less than 1%). High-performance
      liquid chromatographic analysis of organic extracts of visceral fat, carcass,
      liver, skeletal muscle, and skin showed that 96-99% of the tritium extracted from
      these tissues was due to the parent compound. The estimated t1/2 for whole-body
      depuration of TCDD-derived 3H was 18 weeks, and individual organ t1/2 values
      ranged from 6 to 19 weeks for the gastrointestinal tract, pyloric caeca, liver,
      gill, and carcass, and from 24 to 49 weeks for the visceral fat, kidney, skin,
      skeletal muscle, and spleen. To determine if yellow perch metabolize TCDD, a
      single dose of [14C]TCDD was administered to adult yellow perch (60
      micrograms/kg, ip), and, 1 week later, gallbladder bile, liver, skeletal muscle,
      and kidney were removed, extracted, and analyzed by high-performance liquid
      chromatography. In contrast to the liver, muscle, and kidney where the parent
      compound accounted for 96-99% of the extractable 14C, the gallbladder bile
      contained almost entirely TCDD metabolites. At least four TCDD metabolites were
      detected in yellow perch bile and beta-glucuronidase treatment of the bile
      suggested that at least one was a glucuronide conjugate.

PMID- 3705071
TI  - Tissue disposition of [3H]sarin and its metabolites in mice.
AB  - The biodisposition and metabolic fate of [3H]sarin was investigated in mice after
      iv administration of a sublethal dose (80 micrograms/kg). Within 1 min of
      administration, all tissues contained substantial quantities of radioactivity of
      which less than 10% represented [3H]sarin. The major portion of radioactivity
      corresponded to free [3H]isopropyl methylphosphonic acid (IMPA), the
      pharmacologically inactive hydrolytic product of [3H]sarin. Somewhat lesser
      quantities were present as bound [3H]IMPA which resulted from phosphorylation of
      protein. Plasma contained high concentrations of bound [3H]IMPA, consistent with
      sarin's very reactive nature, which were sustained throughout the time course.
      Plasma concentrations of free [3H]IMPA diminished rather quickly. The high
      concentrations of metabolites in kidneys implied that this organ played a major
      role in the detoxification and excretion of [3H]sarin. Large quantities of free
      and bound [3H]IMPA were also found in lung which suggested an important site for
      toxicity. Only trace quantities of [3H]sarin were found in brain after 15 min.
      The major portion of radioactivity was present as either free and bound [3H]IMPA
      or as nonextractable material which presumably was [3H]methylphosphonic acid.
      Examination of the time course of sarin-induced motor hypoactivity and
      hypothermia revealed an immediate onset of action that lasted for 24 hr. However,
      substantial quantities of bound [3H]IMPA remained in brain at 24 hr which
      suggested that only a small portion of phosphorylation in brain accounted for
      these pharmacological effects.

PMID- 3705072
TI  - The effect of unilateral nephrectomy on the nephrotoxicity of mercuric chloride
      in the rat.
AB  - Unilateral nephrectomy (UNX) induces a dramatic change in single-kidney structure
      and function. Therefore, the effects of nephrotoxins may be altered. To evaluate
      this possibility, mercuric chloride (2 mg/kg, sc) was given to male, Sprague
      Dawley rats 2 days following either UNX or sham surgery. Nonoliguric acute renal
      failure developed and was qualitatively similar in both groups. Glomerular
      filtration rate (GFR) reached a nadir on Day 2 and was reduced to a greater
      extent in the UNX group. Furthermore, recovery of GFR was slower and occurred to
      a lesser extent by Day 10 in the animals subjected to UNX. Evidence of
      significant tubular dysfunction was present during the acute phase in both
      groups, as reflected by changes in the fractional excretion of sodium or
      lysozyme. Persistent tubular dysfunction was noted on Day 10 in both the sham and
      UNX groups, but the degree of dysfunction was greater in the UNX animals. The in
      vitro uptake of organic ions by renal cortical slices was reduced 24 hr following
      the injection of mercuric chloride although no difference was seen between the
      experimental groups. Mercury content within renal cortex was not increased in the
      UNX group at 1 or 3 hr but was higher 24 hr postinjection. Total urinary mercury
      excretion during the first day was not altered by UNX although single-kidney
      excretion was increased dramatically. These studies suggest that rats are more
      susceptible to mercuric chloride-induced nephrotoxicity 2 days following UNX.
      Although the mechanism(s) of this enhanced injury remains unclear, it does not
      appear to be completely related to an increase in renal cortical mercury content.

PMID- 3705073
TI  - Comparative effects of three chelating agents on distribution and excretion of
      cadmium in rats.
AB  - Sodium N-benzyl-D-glucamine dithiocarbamate (NBG-DTC), which was newly
      synthesized, 2,3-dimercaptopropanol (BAL), and N-methyl-D-glucamine
      dithiocarbamate (NMG-DTC) were compared for their relative efficacies in the
      distribution and excretion of cadmium in rats exposed to cadmium. Rats were
      injected ip with 109CdCl2 (1 mg Cd and 10 microCi 109Cd/kg) and 3 days later,
      they were treated with the chelating agents (400 mumol/kg) every other day for 2
      weeks. These chelating agents were effective in removing cadmium from the body
      without increasing the amount of cadmium in the kidney. After treatment with
      these chelating agents, cadmium was excreted mainly in the feces through the bile
      and the fecal excretion of cadmium by NBG-DTC was significantly larger than that
      by BAL or NMG-DTC. The hepatic cadmium content after treatment with NBG-DTC was
      much more decreased than that with BAL or NMG-DTC. The renal cadmium content was
      decreased only after treatment with NBG-DTC. These chelating agents did not
      result in the redistribution of cadmium to brain, testes, and heart. The growth
      of rats was little retarded by treatment with NBG-DTC and NMG-DTC, but was
      retarded by treatment with BAL. The treatment with NBG-DTC decreased the tissue
      amounts of Zn, Fe, and Mn to a small extent as compared with the treatment with
      cadmium alone. The results of this study reveal that the injection of NBG-DTC to
      rats pretreated with cadmium can more effectively remove cadmium from the body
      without the mobilization of cadmium to the kidney, the critical organ in cadmium
      toxicity, and without redistribution of cadmium to other tissues such as brain,
      testes, and heart, than injection of BAL and NMG-DTC.

PMID- 3705074
TI  - Behavioral consequences of intraperitoneal carbon monoxide administration in
      rats.
AB  - Blood carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) was determined 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min
      following ip injection of 2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 40 ml pure carbon monoxide (CO)/kg
      body wt in rats. These CO doses produced HbCO concentrations of 12, 24, 35, 45,
      and 60%, respectively, at 30 min postinjection. Once these normative data were
      obtained, a group of eight naive rats were trained to produce a rapid sequence of
      responses in a stimulus-tracking task, then they were exposed to each of the
      doses of CO. The 10-ml/kg dose produced a slight decrement in performance, the 20
      ml/kg dose reduced correct responses by nearly half, and the 40-ml/kg dose
      resulted in virtually complete cessation of responding. CO exposure resulted in
      longer pauses in responding with increasing dose, but the distribution of errors
      produced in the stimulus-tracking task remained relatively parallel across the
      range of CO exposures. Thus CO exposure impaired tracking performance but had
      relatively little effect on the pattern of errors rats produced during the
      stimulus-tracking test. Taken together these results contradict previous reports
      purporting to show that CO by ip administration has no behavioral effects;
      instead, the results indicate that CO administration via the ip route has very
      similar effects to inhaled CO on behavior.

PMID- 3705075
TI  - The effect of depletion of nonprotein sulfhydryls by diethyl maleate plus
      buthionine sulfoximine on renal uptake of mercury in the rat.
AB  - Rats pretreated with diethyl maleate (DEM, 3.37 mmol/kg, ip) and buthionine
      sulfoximine (BSO, 0.45 mmol/kg, ip) and subsequently given mercuric chloride
      (HgCl2, 0.014 mmol/kg, sc) had a significantly greater mortality rate over the 24
      hr after injection than rats given only HgCl2 or HgCl2 following either DEM or
      BSO alone. Depletion of nonprotein sulfhydryls (NPSH) in the kidney significantly
      decreased mercury uptake in that organ. A similar effect was not seen in the
      liver despite marked depletion of NPSH. Similarly, there was a tendency for less
      in vitro mercury accumulation in renal cortical slices from rats made glutathione
      deficient by DEM + BSO compared to control, or rats made glutathione deficient by
      DEM or BSO alone. Depletion of nonprotein sulfhydryls by the combination of the
      depleting agents diethyl maleate plus buthionine sulfoximine (DEM + BSO) had a
      greater effect to alter organic ion accumulation in renal cortical slices than
      the agents alone. The higher mortality produced by mercuric chloride after DEM +
      BSO pretreatment may have been due to an increased availability of mercury in
      lethal concentrations at other organ sites. These data suggest the possible
      importance of NPSH in renal mercuric ion accumulation, but not in the liver.

PMID- 3705076
TI  - Structure-activity relationships of retinoids in developmental toxicology. II.
      Influence of the polyene chain of the vitamin A molecule.
AB  - The comparative teratogenic potencies of 7,8-dihydroretinoic acid, 7,8
      dehydroretinoic acid, 9,10-dihydroretinoic acid, 9-cis-retinal, hydroxenin,
      oxenin, the C15 analog of all-trans-retinoic acid, abscissic acid, beta-C14
      aldehyde, beta-ionone, and psuedoionone were determined in golden Syrian hamsters
      and compared with that of all-trans-retinoic acid. A single oral dose of each
      retinoid on Day 8 of gestation failed to induce signs of retinoid intoxication in
      the dams and the maternal weight gain was not affected significantly, except
      after treatment with beta-C14 aldehyde, pseudoionone, and the lowest dose of 9
      cis-retinal, where maternal weight was depressed. A significant teratogenic
      response was observed after intubation of 7,8-dihydroretinoic acid, 7,8
      dehydroretinoic acid, or 9-cis-retinal. The highest dose of hydroxenin
      (equivalent to nearly seven times an equimolar teratogenic dose of all-trans
      retinoic acid) showed a limited teratogenic response. None of the remaining
      retinoids induced terata. The results suggest that the side chain plays an
      important role in retinoid embryotoxicity and that even minor structural
      alterations of retinoids at the side chain can abolish teratogenic activity. The
      present results indicate that a polyene chain of greater than five carbon atoms
      was necessary for retinoid teratogenic activity and that the presence of the
      ring, the nine-carbon side chain, and the acidic polar terminus was insufficient
      to ensure teratogenic activity. Retinoid teratogenicity in hamsters required the
      hydrophobic ring, a terminal polar group with an acidic pKa, and the hydrophobic,
      curved plane of the tetraene chain.

PMID- 3705077
TI  - Protection by phenytoin and calcium channel blocking agents against the toxicity
      of diisopropylfluorophosphate.
AB  - Pretreatment of male Swiss-Webster mice with phenytoin, 25 mg/kg, verapamil, 25
      to 3.0 mg/kg, nifedipine, 0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg, nitrendipine, 0.1 mg/kg, and
      nimodipine, 1 to 2.5 mg/kg, elevated the LD50 of diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP)
      to a significant degree. In addition, these agents enhanced the protection that
      can be obtained from atropine and 2-pralidoxime. The protective effects of
      phenytoin cannot be attributed to an anticonvulsant action, per se, since
      carbamazepine, phenobarbital, and diphenylbarbituric acid in anticonvulsant doses
      did not influence DFP lethality. The mechanism of action of phenytoin and the
      other effective calcium channel blockers in providing protection over and above
      that achieved with atropine and 2-pralidoxime appears to be due to a protective
      action of the former agents on central respiratory centers and peripheral
      nicotinic sites and may involve the movement of calcium into excitable membranes.

PMID- 3705078
TI  - Carbon monoxide inhibits monooxygenation by the conceptus and embryotoxic effects
      of proteratogens in vitro.
AB  - Evidence that Day 10 to 11 rat conceptuses can contain sufficient quantities of
      xenobiotic-oxidizing P-450(s) to catalyze the conversion of proteratogens to
      reactive teratogenic intermediates is presented. Quantities of reactive
      intermediates generated by conceptuses from 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) were
      sufficient to result in the appearance of gross morphologic abnormalities with a
      high incidence of neural tube anomalies. Carbon monoxide effectively inhibited
      the conversion of AAF to hydroxylated metabolites by rat conceptuses, and also
      inhibited the capacity of AAF to elicit neural tube anomalies in cultured
      embryos. Inhibition by CO of either parameter was observed only with conceptuses
      exposed in utero to the potent P-450 inducer, 3-methylcholanthrene.

PMID- 3705079
TI  - Cytotoxicity of metals, metal-metal and metal-chelator combinations assayed in
      vitro.
AB  - A simple, rapid assay, based on the lysosomal incorporation of neutral red by
      cells, conveniently carried out in 96-well microtiter plates, was used to
      evaluate the cytotoxic effect of cationic and anionic metal salts on BALB/c mouse
      3T3 fibroblasts. Ranking of the metals according to their decreasing potency was
      based on spectrophotometrically determined absorbance of the neutral red,
      extracted from surviving viable cells. The rank order was Cd greater than Hg
      greater than Ag greater than Zn greater than Mn greater than Cu greater than Co
      greater than Ni greater than Cr(III) for the cationic metals and Cr2O7 greater
      than CrO4 greater than AsO2 greater than AsO4 greater than SeO3 greater than SeO4
      greater than MnO4 for the anionic metals tested. Cationic metals incubated with
      cultures in medium containing 1% fetal bovine serum (FBS) were 3-4 times more
      toxic than in medium with 10% FBS. Cadmium served as a representative metal for
      the use of this assay not only for concentration, but also for time dependent
      exposures. Thus a 10% cytotoxic effect after 1 h of incubation with 60 microM
      cadmium was increased to 90% after 6 h. Examination of the effect of metal-metal
      interaction on cytotoxicity showed a marked reduction of cadmium toxicity by zinc
      and to a lesser degree, by nickel. The neutral red assay was also effectively
      used to investigate the effect of the chelators ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
      (EDTA), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) and 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) on
      cadmium-induced injury. Cytotoxicity by cadmium was completely inhibited by EDTA,
      and partially by NTA, but DMSA was ineffective. Reduction of copper toxicity by
      chelation was less efficient than for cadmium. Use of a chelator as therapy
      against metal poisoning was only partially effective and limited to
      administration within 2 h after incubation of cells with cadmium. It is believed
      that the neutral red assay can be a valuable tool for the screening of cytotoxic
      and potentially therapeutic agents under controlled in vitro conditions.

PMID- 3705081
TI  - Evaluation of chronic toxicity and carcinogenesis in rodents with the synthetic
      analgesic, tilidine fumarate.
AB  - The carcinogenic potential of tilidine fumarate, a synthetic analgesic, was
      studied for 80 and 104 weeks in mice and rats, respectively. Groups of 50 albino
      CF1 mice and 65 albino Wistar rats of each sex received tilidine fumarate-lactose
      blend (1:1) at doses of 100, 40 and 16 mg/kg. The control groups consisted of 100
      mice and 115 rats of each sex and received the lactose vehicle only. Treatment
      related non-neoplastic changes consisted of reversible, increased cytoplasmic
      eosinophilia of hepatocytes in high and mid dose rats corresponding to areas of
      proliferating smooth endoplasmic reticulum; and an increased incidence in high
      dose rats of proliferative or cystic lesions of the biliary epithelium. Adequate
      survival rates allowed stringent statistical analysis of neoplasia. Tilidine did
      not evoke increased tumor incidences or changes in the average latency or onset
      of tumors in either species. The most frequent tumors represented spontaneous
      neoplasia characteristic of historical background incidence in these strains. In
      mice, the only statistically significant (P less than 0.01) variation in tumor
      incidence was an increased rate of lung alveologenic adenocarcinomas in females
      at 100 mg/kg (24%), compared with the concurrent untreated controls (10%), but
      without a statistically significant difference from historical control data
      (27%). Female rats given 100 mg/kg showed statistically significant (P less than
      0.01) decreased incidences of mammary fibroadenoma and pituitary adenoma. From
      these data, it was concluded that the synthetic analgesic tilidine does not
      possess tumorigenic potential in rodents.

PMID- 3705080
TI  - Amelioration of carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic necrosis by post-toxicant
      treatment with cystamine.
AB  - A quantitative animal model was developed to study amelioration of carbon
      tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury by post-toxicant administration of
      cystamine. Amelioration of CCl4-induced injury by post-toxicant cystamine
      treatment was compared to prevention of injury by cystamine pretreatment and
      possible mechanisms of the post-toxicant cytoprotective effect were investigated.
      Pretreatment of rats with cystamine dihydrochloride (300 mg/kg, p.o.) 30 min
      prior to CCl4 (0.25 ml/kg, i.p.) prevented CCl4-induced hepatic necrosis, plasma
      enzyme elevations, and hepatic calcium accumulation. When administered up to 12 h
      after CCl4, a single oral dose of cystamine inhibited necrosis in a dose
      dependent manner, but did not reduce CCl4-induced plasma enzyme elevation or
      hepatic calcium accumulation. Cystamine post-treatment, therefore, does not
      appear to inhibit toxicant-induced influx of extracellular calcium into toxicant
      damaged cells. This also suggests that the influx of extracellular calcium does
      not necessarily constitute an irreversible event leading to cell death. The mild
      hypothermia induced by post-toxicant treatment with cystamine did not delay the
      appearance of the lesion. Evidence for a slightly earlier regeneration of hepatic
      tissue was noted when cystamine was administered 12 h after CCl4. However, this
      effect was observed too long after exposure to the toxicant to account for the
      protection from necrosis observed 24 h after CCl4.

PMID- 3705082
TI  - Absorption and distribution of cadmium (Cd), copper and zinc following oral
      subchronic low level administration to rats of different binding forms of cadmium
      (Cd-acetate, Cd-metallothionein, Cd-glutathione).
AB  - Male Wistar rats received by gavage saline or about 25 micrograms cadmium
      (Cd)/kg/day as Cd-acetate (Cd-Ac), Cd-metallothionein (Cd-MT) or Cd-glutathione
      (Cd-GSH) 5 times per week for 28 times. At all treatments 0.2-0.3% of the totally
      administered Cd dose was found in liver, kidneys, small intestine and pancreas,
      whereas none of the Cd forms applied resulted in a Cd accumulation in testes. Cd
      in small intestine was not increased by Cd-MT. However, it was raised by Cd-Ac
      and even more by Cd-GSH. A smaller increase in hepatic and renal Cd resulted from
      Cd-GSH than from Cd-Ac or Cd-MT. Cd in pancreas increased after Cd-GSH but not
      after Cd-Ac or Cd-MT. Copper (Cu) rose in small intestine and testes but
      decreased in kidneys independent of either Cd treatment. Concomitantly, zinc (Zn)
      was decreased in small intestine and testes. The tissue concentration of
      metallothionein (MT) was only marginally increased by all treatments. The highest
      value (80%) above controls) was found in small intestine after Cd-GSH. Intestinal
      Cd as well as testicular Cu were related to the tissue MT. Therefore, the
      distribution of Cd between various organs depends on the Cd form applied. There
      is some relationship to the distribution of Cu and Zn.

PMID- 3705083
TI  - The biologic and toxic effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in
      chickens.
AB  - The administration of 2,3,7,8-TCDD to 2-week-old White Leghorn cockerels produced
      a dose-dependent induction of hepatic microsomal ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase
      (EROD) and benzo[alpha]pyrene (B[alpha]P) hydroxylase activities with induction
      EC50 values of 778 and 302 ng/kg, respectively. In addition, 2,3,7,8-TCDD also
      induced 4-dimethylaminoantipyrine (DMAP) N-demethylase (EC50 = 561 ng/kg), this
      result contrasting with studies reported for other animal species in which
      2,3,7,8-TCDD either does not induce or inhibits this cytochrome P-450 dependent
      monooxygenase enzyme activity. However, the reduced cytochrome P-450:CO binding
      difference spectral absorption maxima for the 2,3,7,8-TCDD induced microsomes was
      observed at 448 nm which was similar to that reported for most animals which have
      been investigated. Electrophoresis of control and 2,3,7,8-TCDD induced microsomal
      proteins using SDS polyacrylamide slab gels showed intensification of 3 protein
      staining bands at Mr 53 000, 56 000 and 58 000. Incubation of the 2,3,7,8-TCDD
      induced microsomes with SKF-525A and alpha-naphthoflavone showed that both
      compounds inhibited DMAP N-demethylase, EROD and AHH and that alpha
      naphthoflavone was the more potent inhibitor of all 3 microsomal monooxygenases.
      2,3,7,8-TCDD treatment caused significant involution of the Bursa of Fabricius
      when administered at a dose level of 10 micrograms/kg for 3 days and this result
      confirmed the extreme sensitivity of the immature White Leghorn cockerel to the
      biologic and toxic effects elicited by 2,3,7,8-TCDD. However, in contrast to
      other sensitive species, no high affinity cytosolic receptor protein for
      [3H]2,3,7,8-TCDD could be detected in the liver of chick embryos or 2-week-old
      birds.

PMID- 3705084
TI  - Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of isophorone in F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice.
AB  - Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of isophorone were conducted by
      administering 0, 250, or 500 mg/kg body weight per day by gavage in corn oil to
      groups of 50 F344/N rats and 50 B6C3F1 mice of each sex, 5 days/week, for 103
      weeks. Dosed male rats developed proliferative lesions of the kidney including
      hyperplasia, adenoma, and adenocarcinoma of the renal tubule, and epithelial
      hyperplasia of the renal pelvis. Non-proliferative kidney lesions observed in
      dosed male rats included mineralization, and a more severe nephropathy in low
      dose animals than in controls or high dose animals. Carcinomas of the preputial
      gland occurred in high dose male rats. No isophorone-related lesions were
      observed in female rats. In male mice, isophorone exposure may have been
      associated with an increase in hepatocellular neoplasms and mesenchymal neoplasms
      of the integumentum in high dose animals, and with a marginally increased
      incidence of lymphoma in low dose male mice. In mice, no non-neoplastic lesions
      in males or females, or neoplastic lesions in females were considered associated
      with isophorone administration.

PMID- 3705085
TI  - Rat lung and liver cytochrome P-450 isozymes involved in the hydroxylation of m
      xylene.
AB  - The primary metabolism of m-xylene in rat lung and liver microsomes was
      investigated. The ratio of side chain to aromatic hydroxylation was found to be
      approximately 1:1 in lung microsomes from untreated rats and in a reconstituted
      system containing the major cytochrome P-450 isozyme induced in rat liver by
      phenobarbital, cytochrome P-450-PB-B2, as compared to 8:1 in liver microsomes.
      Antibody inhibition studies showed the major importance of cytochrome P-450-PB-B2
      for the formation of both primary m-xylene metabolites (3-methylbenzylalcohol and
      2,4-dimethylphenol) in lung microsomes. Antibodies to the major cytochrome P-450
      isozyme induced in rat liver by beta-naphthoflavone, P-450-BNF-B2, did not
      inhibit m-xylene metabolism in either liver or lung microsomes from beta
      naphthoflavone treated rats although this isozyme efficiently catalyzed m-xylene
      hydroxylation in a reconstituted system. m-Xylene metabolism by purified P-450
      BNF-B2 appeared to cause rapid inactivation of the enzyme.

PMID- 3705086
TI  - Effects of methylmercury on hypnotic action of hexobarbital, liver hydroxylase
      and cytochrome P-450 in mice.
AB  - The effects of methylmercury hydroxide (MeHgOH) on the hypnotic action of
      hexobarbital was investigated in adult 129/SvSl mice of both sexes. It was found
      that there was no sex difference in the response to MeHgOH treatment. The action
      of MeHgOH was intimately related to the interval between MeHgOH administration
      and the test of hexobarbital hypnosis. A biphasic effect was observed. An initial
      dose-dependent prolongation of hexobarbital hypnosis was observed in animals
      pretreated with MeHgOH 24 h earlier. If the interval was extended from 24 h to 1
      week, a shortening of sleeping time was observed in MeHgOH treated animals. The
      animals recovered from the effects of MeHgOH in 3 weeks. The initial effect of
      MeHgOH was found closely related to the decrease in the rate of hexobarbital
      metabolism in the liver through lowering of cytochrome P-450 concentration. On
      the other hand, the delayed shortening of hexobarbital hypnosis was not related
      to the rate of hexobarbital metabolism. It is assumed that the delayed effect of
      MeHgOH on the hexobarbital hypnosis is due to MeHgOH acting on the central
      nervous system to decrease its sensitivity to hexobarbital via interaction with
      the barbiturate receptors on the GABA-chloride ionophore complex. In animals
      exposed in utero to MeHgOH, it was found that the duration of hexobarbital
      induced sleeping time was significantly longer in the offsprings tested for
      hexobarbital hypnosis 3.5 months after birth following prenatal exposure to
      MeHgOH. Repeated administration of hexobarbital to adult offsprings prenatally
      exposed to MeHgOH and to control mice shortened hexobarbital sleeping time,
      however, the maximum shortening capacity was smaller in the treated group. It is
      concluded that the hypnotic action of hexobarbital in mice can be altered by
      MeHgOH exposure both prenatally and postnatally. The effects of prenatal exposure
      to MeHg were observed in adult offsprings, indicating that MeHg may have a
      functional teratogenic effect on barbiturate-induced hypnosis in the absence of
      gross anomalies.

PMID- 3705087
TI  - Synergistic interaction of ozone and respirable aerosols on rat lungs. I.
      Importance of aerosol acidity.
AB  - A synergistic interaction, as defined by biochemical and morphological criteria,
      between ozone (or NO2) and respirable aerosols of ammonium sulfate or sulfuric
      acid has been described previously. Experiments in the present paper show that it
      is the acidity, not the sulfate content, of the aerosol that is responsible for
      such synergy; neutral aerosols of Na2SO4 or NaCl do not elicit synergistic
      effects when combined with ozone. Aerosol size (and, therefore, site of
      deposition in the lung) is also an important determinant of synergy with ozone;
      0.5 micron mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) aerosols are effective whereas
      0.02 micron MMAD aerosols are not. The synergistic interaction between ozone and
      acidic aerosols could be demonstrated by biochemical and toxicological criteria
      in addition to those we have previously reported, for example increases in whole
      lung protein content and free (acid-soluble) proline content of lungs. A
      synergistic interaction has been demonstrated at concentrations of 0.64 ppm (1.3
      mg/m3) of ozone and 1 mg/m3 of acid aerosol in this study. We conclude that
      acidity of an aerosol determines whether or not it interacts synergistically with
      ozone, and that an aerosol size that impacts maximally upon the alveolar duct
      region of the lung is most active with ozone.

PMID- 3705088
TI  - Sidestream cigarette smoke-exposure of mouse cells induces cell stress/heat shock
      like proteins.
AB  - Specific alterations in cellular protein synthesis have been identified in mouse
      L929 and B16 cells exposed to "passive" (sidestream) smoke freshly generated from
      unfiltered cigarettes. A decrease in both cell viability and protein synthesis
      was observed in monolayer cell cultures following exposure to increasing numbers
      (0-12) of puffs of sidestream smoke. With exposures that resulted in
      approximately 30% or higher loss in cell viability, there was an apparent
      induction of cell stress/heat shock-like polypeptides with approximate molecular
      weights of 88,000, 66,000 and 23,000. After exposure to higher numbers of puffs
      that led to a loss of cell viability of 80% or greater, a different set of
      polypeptides was synthesized, including a major new protein of 38,000 mol. wt and
      2 other predominant proteins of 45,000 and 30,000 mol. wt. The same specific
      effects on cellular protein synthesis were also observed after exposure to a
      similar number of puffs of the gas phase of sidestream cigarette smoke (minus the
      particulate phase components).

PMID- 3705089
TI  - Response of the cardiovascular system to catecholamines in rats given small doses
      of lead.
AB  - Experiments were done in order to assess the influence of low level lead
      poisoning in rats upon the responses of the rat cardiovascular system to
      perturbation by norepinephrine, epinephrine, and isoproterenol administration.
      Wistar rats were given lead acetate (50.0 mg/kg) via stomach tube once weekly for
      5 weeks. Control rats were given sodium acetate similarly; both groups of rats
      were on a regular animal food diet during the experiment. At the end of the sixth
      week 2 types of responses were determined. Under urethane anesthesia, the
      response of mean arterial pressure and heart rate in control and lead-poisoned
      animals to various catecholamines was measured. Also the response of perfusion
      pressure in isolated mesenteric vessels, to catecholamines, was measured for
      vessels having been obtained from control and lead poisoned animals. Our results
      indicate that lead-treated rats, as compared to controls, have augmented and
      prolonged pressor responses to epinephrine and norepinephrine; less pronounced
      depression of arterial pressure in response to epinephrine and isoproterenol; and
      more pronounced tachycardia in response to isoproterenol. In the lead-treated
      rats, more pronounced vasoconstriction was observed in the perfusion studies upon
      administration of exogenous norepinephrine. Small doses of lead intensified alpha
      receptor response, diminished beta receptor response in blood vessels, and
      increased positive chronotropic action of isoproterenol.

PMID- 3705090
TI  - Modulation of benzene toxicity by an interferon inducer (6MFA).
AB  - Repeated intraperitoneal administration of benzene (1.0 ml/kg body wt) for 3 days
      produced leucopenia, lymphocytopenia and an increased number of nucleated cells
      in the bone marrow and significantly decreased organ weights of thymus (P less
      than 0.001) and spleen (P less than 0.001) in female albino rats. Iron content,
      lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase activity of the liver and bone marrow
      were significantly increased as a result of benzene exposure. Prior
      administration of 6MFA, an interferon inducer with immunomodulating potential,
      was found to ameliorate some of the adverse effects of benzene as well as
      restoration of hepatic architecture histologically. Lipid peroxidation and iron
      content were both normalised, whereas superoxide dismutase activity was further
      increased and the number of lymphocytes and bone marrow cells returned to normal.
      Pretreatment of animals with 6MFA was able to enhance the SRBC antibody titre in
      benzene-treated immunosuppressed animals. The beneficial effects of 6MFA in the
      amelioration of the acute toxicity of benzene therefore assume certain
      significance.

PMID- 3705091
TI  - Effects of cadmium acetate and sodium selenite on mucociliary functions and
      adenosine triphosphate content in mouse trachea organ cultures.
AB  - The effects of cadmium acetate and sodium selenite in mouse trachea organ culture
      have been studied separately and in combination. Ciliary activity, morphology,
      rate of total protein and glycoconjugate (i.e. glycoprotein and proteoglycan)
      synthesis/secretion and ATP content were investigated. Exposure to 10 microM
      cadmium acetate or 2000 microM sodium selenite resulted in a complete cessation
      of ciliary activity within 5 h. With cadmium acetate also a swelling of
      epithelial cells was observed. Sodium selenite (250-2000 microM) delayed by 2-3 h
      the inhibitory effect of cadmium acetate (5-20 microM) on ciliary activity. The
      rate of protein synthesis, as determined by incorporation of [3H]proline, was
      reduced by 13% and 44% at exposure for 4 h at 37 degrees C to 250 microM and 500
      microM sodium selenite respectively, the effect being partly abolished by cadmium
      acetate. With 5 microM and 10 microM cadmium acetate the rate of glycoconjugate
      synthesis, as measured by incorporation of [3H]glucosamine, increased by 50% and
      69%, respectively, after incubation for 4 h. This increase was partly reduced by
      sodium selenite. Neither cadmium acetate nor sodium selenite had any effect on
      the rate of total protein or glycoconjugate secretion. The ATP content in trachea
      rings was reduced by 48% and 54% after incubation for 4 h with 250 microM and 500
      microM sodium selenite, respectively. No significant effect of cadmium acetate
      was found on ATP content. An antagonistic effect of sodium selenite and cadmium
      acetate in mouse trachea organ culture is suggested from the present experiments.

PMID- 3705092
TI  - A comparison of the actions of cobra cardiotoxin and scorpion toxin II on the
      guinea-pig taenia coli.
AB  - Both cobra cardiotoxin (CTX) and scorpion toxin II induce contracture of the
      guinea-pig taenia coli, the latter being more potent than the former.
      Tachyphylaxis was observed with each toxin. Acetylcholine (ACh) contracture was
      enhanced by toxin II but not by CTX. High K+ (152 mM) abolished toxin II
      contracture but only partially inhibited CTX and ACh contractures. Ca2+-free
      medium, especially in the presence of 1 mM EGTA, inhibited CTX- and toxin II
      contracture by more than 60%, but abolished ACh contracture. On the other hand,
      high Ca2+ (12 mM) was without effect on ACh contracture but inhibited both CTX-
      and toxin II-contracture, and enhanced K+ contracture. Contracture was produced
      after washout of Ca2+-free medium and toxins but not after washout of high Ca2+
      medium, suggesting that the binding of toxins was inhibited by high Ca2+.
      Tetrodotoxin (TTX) abolished toxin II contracture, but only partially inhibited
      CTX contracture. Atropine markedly inhibited toxin II contracture but did not
      significantly affect CTX contracture. Procaine potentiated CTX contracture but
      abolished toxin II contracture. The spontaneous contraction induced by toxin II
      was also inhibited by TTX, atropine and procaine. ACh contracture was abolished
      by atropine and potentiated by procaine, but unaffected by TTX. The rate of
      decline of K+ (60 mM) contracture in Ca2+-free medium was enhanced by CTX but
      unaffected by toxin II. 45Ca2+ efflux was increased by CTX more than by toxin II.
      Both toxins also significantly increased 45Ca2+ uptake. These findings indicate
      that CTX induces contracture of taenia coli mainly by releasing the Ca2+ pool of
      the muscle membrane, whereas toxin II does so mainly by releasing acetylcholine
      from nerve terminals and partially by acting on the muscle membrane as a result
      of an increase of the membrane Na+ permeability.

PMID- 3705093
TI  - Neutralization of alpha-bungarotoxin by monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - We have produced monoclonal antibodies against alpha-bungarotoxin from Bungarus
      multicinctus, and controls were performed for their specificity and monoclonal
      character. The antibodies protected mice against the toxic effect of alpha
      bungarotoxin for a few hours to six days, depending upon the chosen antibody (in
      comparison to a survival time of 79 min for the standard toxin dose). Antibodies
      can be grouped in several sets according to their duration of protection.

PMID- 3705094
TI  - Isolation and characterization of myotoxic phospholipases A2 from crotalid
      venoms.
AB  - Phospholipases A2 producing myonecrosis when injected i.m. into mice were
      isolated from venoms of Trimeresurus flavoviridis, Agkistrodon bilineatus, A. c.
      contortrix, A. c. mokeson, A. p. piscivorus and Bothrops asper by gels filtration
      on Sephadex G-75 followed by ion-exchange chromatography on CM-cellulose. They
      are basic enzymes with molecular weights between 14,000 and 15,000 containing 120
      129 amino acid residues and exhibit relatively low enzymatic activity when tested
      on egg yolk suspension. Local myonecrosis is induced even at doses of 1.25
      micrograms per mouse.

PMID- 3705095
TI  - The effects of myotoxin from midget faded rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis concolor)
      venom on neonatal rat myotubes in cell culture.
AB  - Neonatal rat myoblasts were isolated and grown in culture until they fused into
      multinucleated myotubes. A small percentage of the myotubes showed spontaneous
      contractions when maintained in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium with 10% fetal
      bovine serum. Incubation of mature myotubes (at least 3 days after fusion) with
      myotoxin II from Crotalus viridis concolor venom at a concentration as low as
      18.5 nM caused a marked increase in the number of myotubes demonstrating
      contractile activity. The increase was apparent within 24 hr of myotoxin
      application. The response of the myotubes appeared to be specific since, of the
      proteins tested, only native myotoxins caused the increase in contractile
      activity. This tissue culture system offers a rapid screening assay that requires
      less time and fewer animals than the assays currently in use for determining
      myotoxic activity.

PMID- 3705096
TI  - In vivo ability of antimyotoxin a serum plus polyvalent (Crotalidae) antivenom to
      neutralize prairie rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis viridis) venom.
AB  - A mixture of antimyotoxin a serum and polyvalent (Crotalidae) antivenom was
      injected i.v. in mice either 5 min before or 5 min, 30 min, 1 hr or 3 hr after
      i.m. injection of venom. Neutralization of the local myotoxicity of a sublethal
      dose (1.5 micrograms/g) of C. v. viridis venom occurred if the antisera were
      injected 5 min before or 5 or 30 min after venom, but not if injected 1 or 3 hr
      after the venom. Hemorrhage was neutralized when the mixture was injected either
      5 min before or 5 min after injection of venom, but not when injected 30 min
      after injection of venom. Previous results showed that the mixture of antisera
      neutralized the same amount of venom (1.5 micrograms/g) when mixed with the venom
      prior to injection. Thus it is not possible with these two antisera to neutralize
      myonecrosis if the time interval between injections is greater than 30 min.

PMID- 3705097
TI  - Ability of polyvalent (Crotalidae) antivenom to neutralize local myonecrosis
      induced by Crotalus atrox venom.
AB  - Wyeth's polyvalent (Crotalidae) antivenom was tested in mice for its ability to
      neutralize local myonecrosis induced by crude Crotalus atrox venom. A light
      microscopic assay was used to quantitate myonecrosis after i.m. injection of
      antivenom-venom mixtures. The results indicate that antivenom neutralizes the
      local myotoxicity of up to 15 micrograms venom per g body weight of mice. This
      neutralization is significantly better than that previously reported for Crotalus
      viridis viridis venom.

PMID- 3705098
TI  - Inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by flavoskyrin, a toxic metabolite of
      Penicillium islandicum Sopp.
AB  - The effects of flavoskyrin, a toxic bianthraquinoid compound from Penicillium
      islandicum Sopp., on the DNA repair system in rat and mouse hepatocytes and on
      the ATP biosynthesis system in rat liver mitochondria were studied to gain
      insight into the mechanism for its cytotoxicity. Flavoskyrin did not elicit
      unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) in hepatocytes at all, implying non-genotoxicity
      of this compound. Flavoskyrin was found to uncouple oxidative phosphorylation in
      mitochondria, significantly decreasing both respiratory control (RC) index and
      P/O ratio. In addition to its uncoupling effect, flavoskyrin produced a marked
      depression of state-3 respiration, showing 50% inhibition at about 20 microM.
      These reactions lead to the inhibition of ATP biosynthesis in mitochondria, which
      may reflect one of the mechanisms of flavoskyrin cytotoxicity.

PMID- 3705099
TI  - Effect of aging on testicular epoxide hydrolase and glutathione-S-transferase
      activities in mice.
AB  - The effect of aging on epoxide hydrolase (EH) and glutathion-S-transferase (GST)
      activities was investigated in testes of C57BL/6 mice 1-30 months of age.
      Microsomal EH (mEH) activity, as monitored with cis-stilbene oxide (CSO), showed
      statistically insignificant changes throughout the lifespan of mice. Although
      cytosolic EH (cEH) was detected in testes by immunoblotting, the enzyme activity
      towards trans-stilbene oxide (TSO) could not be measured under the experimental
      conditions used. Gonadal GST monitored with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) as
      substrate displayed an increasing trend until the mice reached senescence,
      showing a 3.7-fold increase in the enzyme activity in old animals (30 months)
      when compared with that in young animals (2 months). However, with CSO as
      substrate, GST showed no change in activity in mice of different ages.

PMID- 3705100
TI  - Relationship between the neurotoxicities of Soman, Sarin and Tabun, and
      acetylcholinesterase inhibition.
AB  - Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-induced chewing movements, tremors, convulsions and
      hind limb abduction at doses of 50-85% LD50 in rats were monitored in order to
      determine whether the severity of these different signs would correlate with
      brain AChE levels and the time course of such a relationship. 30 min after
      subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of Soman, the intensities of toxic signs were
      significantly correlated with the degree of striatal AChE inhibition. In the case
      of Sarin, the corresponding r-values were not significant except for tremors. For
      Tabun-induced chewing, tremor and hind-limb abduction, the r-values were
      significant. The neurotoxicity was most intense between 15 min to 2 h after
      treatment, but at 2 or 6 h, the r-values were well below 0.5. The inhibition of
      brain AChE was maximal by 30 min and was still high at 24 h.

PMID- 3705101
TI  - Alkylation of nuclear proteins and DNA after exposure of rats and mice to [1,4
      14C]1,3-butadiene.
AB  - B6C3F1 mice and Wistar rats were exposed to [1,4-14C]1,3-butadiene in a closed
      exposure system. Based on body weight, mice metabolized the test compound at
      about twice the rate, compared to rats. Nucleoproteins and DNA were isolated from
      the livers of the animals and covalent binding of [14C]-butadiene-derived
      radioactivity was determined. In both species comparable amounts of radioactivity
      were covalently bound to liver DNA. Covalent binding to mouse-liver
      nucleoproteins was twice as high as in rats and thus it paralleled the higher
      metabolic rate for butadiene in this species.

PMID- 3705102
TI  - Efficient prediction of chemical carcinogenicity by microsomal degranulation.
AB  - Microsomes prepared at low 'g' force (10 000) have been used to evaluate the
      carcinogenicity of 25 coded and 14 noncoded compounds to validate the microsomal
      degranulation technique for its use as one of the tests in a battery of 5 to 6
      tests. The method correctly predicted 35 compounds out of 39 randomly selected
      carcinogens and non-carcinogens showing a higher predictive efficiency in
      comparison to that achieved by using rough endoplasmic reticulum prepared at high
      'g' forces (105 000 X g or above). The use of this technique is advocated on a
      large scale for the screening of environmental carcinogens.

PMID- 3705104
TI  - Toxicity of Pluronic F-68.
AB  - The toxicity of Pluronic F-68, a non-ionic polyol, was studied in the rat when
      administered intravenously for one month in daily doses of 0, 10, 20, 50, 100,
      200, 500 and 1000 mg/kg. Pluronic F-68 induced pulmonary foam cells at the dose
      levels of 500 and 1000 mg/kg and slight focal degenerative changes in the
      proximal tubules of the kidneys at the dose levels of 100, 200, 500 and 1000
      mg/kg. The cytoplasm of the pulmonary foam cells contained lipid droplets,
      phospholipids being the most essential constituent. The results indicate that
      Pluronic F-68 is able to induce phospholipidosis in the rat. Only drugs have so
      far been reported to cause this condition in the rat.

PMID- 3705103
TI  - 3,5-Dichloroaniline-induced nephrotoxicity in the Sprague-Dawley rat.
AB  - The nephrotoxic potential of 3,5-dichloroaniline (DCA) was examined in male
      Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were administered DCA (0.4, 0.8 or 1.0 mmol/kg, i.p.),
      or 0.9% saline (1.0 ml/kg, i.p.), and renal function was monitored at 24 and 48
      h. DCA (0.4 mmol/kg) administration did not produce evidence of nephrotoxicity.
      However, DCA (0.8 mmol/kg) administration decreased urine volume and osmolality,
      increased proteinuria, elevated the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration and
      decreased basal and lactate-stimulated p-aminohippurate (PAH) accumulation. Three
      of 4 rats receiving DCA (1.0 mmol/kg) died prior to 48 h postinjection.
      Incubation of renal cortical slices with DCA resulted in decreased PAH and
      tetraethylammonium (TEA) uptake when DCA concentrations of 10(-6) M or greater
      were used. These results indicate that DCA is nephrotoxic to Sprague-Dawley rats
      when administered in a dose of 0.8 mmol/kg or higher and is capable of altering
      organic ion transport in vitro.

PMID- 3705105
TI  - Lack of correlation between lysosomal enzyme activity and ascorbic acid content
      in brain of lead-treated animals.
AB  - The administration of lead acetate increased acid phosphatase activities in the
      rat brain and four regions (cerebral cortex, diencephalon plus mesencephalon,
      pons plus medulla, and cerebellum) of the guinea pig brain, whereas ascorbic acid
      content in the brain of these animals remained unchanged following lead
      administration. Acid phosphatase activity also showed an increase in scorbutic
      guinea pig brain. Lipid peroxidation facilitated by ascorbic acid in the cerebral
      lysosome fraction of rat was not affected by lead. These results suggest that
      ascorbic acid is not directly concerned with the alteration in acid phosphatase
      activity induced by lead treatment.

PMID- 3705106
TI  - Cytotoxicity of ethanol in primary cultures of rat midbrain neurons.
AB  - Primary cultures of midbrain neurons were obtained from 15-day-old rat fetuses.
      Neuron cultures were exposed to ethanol (27 mM, 43 mM and 120 mM) for 24 h and
      evaluated by light microscopy, a viability measure, and protein content. Ethanol
      concentrations of 43 and 120 mM appeared to affect the cultures both in terms of
      cell viability and protein. This effect was independent of any osmotic effect,
      when sucrose was run as a control. We conclude that primary cultures of midbrain
      neurons are sensitive to relatively low concentrations of ethanol, compared to
      cell culture preparations used by other investigators.

PMID- 3705107
TI  - Consequences of cadmium toxicity in rat hepatocytes: effects of cadmium on the
      glutathione-peroxidase system.
AB  - Cadmium (Cd; 10-100 microM) produced in isolated hepatocytes the formation of
      thiobarbituric acid-reactants (lipid peroxidation; LPO) and a decrease in SH
      groups in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. However, glutathione
      peroxidase (GSH-Px) was not affected indicating that LPO does not originate from
      GSH-Px injury. In contrast, in presence of Cd a time- and concentration-dependent
      decrease of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and, most strongly, of
      glutathione reductase (GSSG-R), both members of the GSH-Px system, was observed.
      These effects could not be inhibited by (+)-cyanidanol-3, a compound known as
      inhibitor of LPO. Therefore, our data show that Cd-induced LPO is not a function
      of GSH-Px injury and inhibition of GSSG-R and G6PDH-activity is not a function of
      LPO. They also indicate that Cd-induced depletion of cellular SH groups are
      associated with toxic effects of Cd on GSSG-R and G6PDH different from LPO
      induction.

PMID- 3705108
TI  - Methyl mercury-induced combined inhibition of ATP regeneration and protein
      synthesis in reticulocyte lysate cell-free translation system.
AB  - Methyl mercury inhibits in vitro protein synthesis in the rabbit reticulocyte
      lysate cell-free translation system and simultaneously leads to reduction of the
      ATP/ADP index. It has been established that there is a close relationship (r =
      0.86) between the rates of ATP resynthesis and protein synthesis in vitro within
      a wide range of the methyl mercury concentrations tested (0.0001-1.0 mumol/ml).
      Ammonia, CCl4, cycloheximide and pactamycin inhibit translation in vitro without
      affecting ATP resynthesis. Methanol does not cause substantial alterations of the
      parameters of the cell-free translation system. Thus, there are at least two
      essentially different causes of poison-induced in vitro translation blocking.
      Suppression of ATP resynthesis (methyl mercury) and direct effect on protein
      synthesis (cycloheximide, CCl4, etc.)

PMID- 3705109
TI  - Stereochemical considerations on the inhibition of hepatic epoxide hydrolase by
      some pesticides and their epoxides.
AB  - The present studies identify the steric factors involved in the hydration of
      epoxide intermediates of some pesticides by hepatic epoxide hydrolase.
      Investigations were carried out regarding the formation of reactive epoxide
      intermediates and their different interactions with the hepatic epoxide
      hydrolase. Some pesticides and their parent epoxides were selected on the basis
      of the steric hindrance on the oxirane ring. The results indicate that the
      inhibition of this enzyme depends on the steric hindrance produced by
      substituents on the oxirane ring of these pesticides. Mono- and di-substituted
      oxiranes are good substrates of the epoxide hydrolase and non-competitive
      inhibitors of the hydration of styrene oxide, while tri-substituted epoxides are
      virtually inactive on inhibiting the hepatic epoxide hydrolase activity.

PMID- 3705110
TI  - [Quality control in radiology and nuclear medicine from the point of view of
      radiation protection].

PMID- 3705111
TI  - [Quality assurance in radiology: development, requirements, conclusions].

PMID- 3705112
TI  - [Quality control in radiotherapy as a practical means of radiation protection].

PMID- 3705113
TI  - [Quality control in curative percutaneous radiotherapy of malignant tumors from
      the viewpoint of the medical physicist].

PMID- 3705114
TI  - [A new method of mechanical afterloading--procedure for iridium wires].

PMID- 3705115
TI  - [Quality assurance in nuclear medicine].

PMID- 3705116
TI  - [Quality assurance in in vitro diagnosis in nuclear medicine].

PMID- 3705117
TI  - [Quality control of radiopharmaceuticals. European guidelines and practical
      aspects].

PMID- 3705118
TI  - [International guidelines for quality control of nuclear medicine
      instrumentation].

PMID- 3705119
TI  - [Practice of quality control of nuclear medicine instrumentation in Austria].

PMID- 3705120
TI  - [Pitfalls in nuclear medicine diagnosis].

PMID- 3705121
TI  - [Quality control in documentation and report delivery in nuclear medicine].

PMID- 3705122
TI  - [Effect of simple procedures of quality control in roentgen diagnosis on the
      radiation dosage of patients].

PMID- 3705123
TI  - [Evaluation of conventional roentgen equipment].

PMID- 3705124
TI  - [CT quality control and results of evaluation].

PMID- 3705125
TI  - [Image enhancer-television equipment--image quality and dose].

PMID- 3705126
TI  - [Quality control in mammography].

PMID- 3705127
TI  - [Control of film processing and dark room lighting].

PMID- 3705128
TI  - [Simple measures in quality control of roentgen facilities by the manager
      (evaluation of reliability)].

PMID- 3705129
TI  - [Field studies on conditions in roentgen facilities].

PMID- 3705130
TI  - Sexual behavior, contraceptive practice, and reproductive health among Nigerian
      adolescents.
AB  - In the context of a high and increasing incidence of unwanted pregnancy among
      Nigerian adolescents, a sample survey of never-married residents of the Ibadan
      area, aged 14 to 25 years, was conducted in 1982 to learn about their perceptions
      and practices relating to reproductive health. A substantial proportion of the
      young unmarried population is sexually active, and despite comparatively high
      contraceptive prevalence among that proportion, many are still engaging in sexual
      relations without benefit of contraceptive protection. Nearly half of the female
      students interviewed at both the secondary and university levels have been
      pregnant, as have two-thirds of those not currently enrolled in school. Among
      those respondents who had been pregnant, almost all reported that they
      voluntarily terminated their pregnancies. Existing and needed contraceptive
      services for the adolescent population are discussed.

PMID- 3705131
TI  - Characteristics of new contraceptive acceptors in Zimbabwe.
AB  - This report examines the characteristics of all new acceptors entering the
      Zimbabwe National Family Planning Council (ZNFPC) program from 4-8 March 1985.
      During the study period, ZNFPC clinics and community-based distributors provided
      3,269 new clients with modern family planning methods. More than half of the
      women were under the age of 25 years and had fewer than three living children.
      When asked why they were initiating the use of modern contraception, 90 percent
      of the women indicated that their intention was to space or delay the next
      pregnancy ("spacers"), while 10 percent indicated that they wished to stop
      reproduction ("stoppers"). A comparison of the two groups suggests that the
      average "spacer" among new acceptors is 24 years old and has 2.6 living children,
      of whom the youngest is 12.0 months, while the average "stopper" is 34 years old
      and has 6.2 living children, of whom the youngest is 25.9 months.

PMID- 3705132
TI  - Infant mortality in Costa Rica: explaining the recent decline.
AB  - Costa Rica has undergone a dramatic reduction in its infant mortality rate from
      68 per 1,000 live births in 1970 to 20 per 1,000 in 1980. In the present study,
      changes during this century, mortality differentials, and causes of death are
      analyzed, and multiple regression techniques are used to identify the
      determinants of the decline in Costa Rica's 79 cantons (counties). Although
      socioeconomic development and greatly reduced fertility contributed to the infant
      mortality decline, as much as three-fourths of the decline is attributable to
      public health programs implemented during the 1970s. The extension of primary
      health care--especially rural and community programs--seems to be responsible for
      40 percent of the reduction. In addition, health services produced a notable
      decrease in the socioeconomic differentials related to children's risk of death.
      The unique achievements of this developing country offer a new strategy for
      public health improvement.

PMID- 3705133
TI  - Family planning in Nepal from the user's and nonuser's perspectives.
AB  - Recent data from Nepal indicate that in the urban areas reproductive attitudes
      are changing much more rapidly than behavior, resulting in many unwanted births.
      Based on transcripts from in-depth interviews conducted in 1982 by the Urban
      Fertility and Contraceptive Use Project, this article analyzes the "contraceptive
      lag" in urban Nepal by examining contraceptive decision-making among urban
      couples in Kathmandu. Tracing links between attitudes, knowledge, values, and
      specific behavioral outcomes, the analysis reveals that for the majority of the
      couples in the study, unwanted births occurred for reasons that might have been
      obviated through more effective provision of family planning services.

PMID- 3705134
TI  - Induced abortion in a rural area of Bangladesh.
AB  - Mortality rates from indigenous abortion practices have not been described
      previously. From September 1982 to August 1983, traditional birth attendants,
      under medical supervision, collected data on all identifiable pregnant women and
      pregnancy outcomes in a geographically defined population in rural Bangladesh. Of
      9,906 pregnancies, 9,317 ended in live birth, 412 in induced abortion, and 177 in
      spontaneous abortion. All abortions were induced by indigenous health
      practitioners. The abortion-to-live-birth ratio was 44.2 per 1,000. Ten women
      died after induced abortion, yielding a death-to-case rate of 2.4 percent. The
      death-to-case rate was highest for women 35 and older and women of parity five
      and higher. The authors conclude that improved distribution of safe, acceptable
      means of fertility regulation may save many mothers' lives.

PMID- 3705136
TI  - The efficacy of performing red cell elution studies in the pretransfusion testing
      of patients with positive direct antiglobulin tests.
AB  - In order to evaluate the efficacy of performing red cell elutions in
      pretransfusion testing, the serologic records of 638 patients with positive
      direct antiglobulin tests (DAT) were reviewed. These patients were identified by
      routine antibody screening procedures that included an autologous control. DAT
      results on the red cells of these patients showed 279 with IgG and C3d
      sensitization, 319 with IgG alone, and 40 with C3d sensitization alone. Of 638
      patients' red cell eluates, 401 demonstrated no reactivity, 154 demonstrated
      panagglutination, and 60 demonstrated passively acquired anti-A,B. Only 23 of 638
      patients had alloantibody sensitization of their red cells. Of the 23, 19 had
      serum antibody corresponding to the specificity of antibody detected in the
      eluate. Thus, only four of 638 (0.6%) eluates gave results unavailable by serum
      testing alone. This study indicates that routine eluate investigation provides
      little useful information in assuring compatibility. Serum antibody testing and
      careful review of the clinical and transfusion history constitute appropriate
      pretransfusion testing in patients with positive direct antiglobulin tests.
      Eluate testing should be restricted to cases in which immune hemolysis is
      suspected clinically.

PMID- 3705135
TI  - The evaluation of a positive direct antiglobulin test (autocontrol) in
      pretransfusion testing revisited.
AB  - Direct antiglobulin tests (DATs) using anti-IgG were performed on 65,049 blood
      samples from prospective transfusion recipients; 3570 tests (5.49%) were
      positive. Using criteria published previously (primarily excluding patients not
      transfused within the preceding 14 days), 778 samples from other than neonatal
      patients were selected for further evaluation. Eluates that did not react were
      obtained on 518 (66.6%) of these samples. Warm-reactive autoantibodies were
      apparent in 192 eluates, while 16 contained drug-related antibodies, anti-A or
      anti-B from prior transfusion with ABO mismatched blood components, or anti-D
      passively acquired from immune serum globulin. Fifty-two eluates contained
      alloantibodies; however, in only six of these cases did the corresponding serum
      lack unexpected alloantibodies, as determined by routine pretransfusion studies.
      Three additional weakly reactive clinically significant alloantibodies were
      detected solely through additional serum tests performed on DAT-positive samples.
      On the basis of these findings, the DAT had a low predictive value when used to
      detect the early manifestations of an immune response to recently transfused red
      cells. Elimination of the autocontrol from routine pretransfusion testing,
      therefore, carries minimal risk to patients yet will undoubtedly contribute to
      the containment of health care costs. Moreover, the risk is lower than that
      associated with the elimination of the antiglobulin crossmatch.

PMID- 3705137
TI  - Cost analysis of routine laboratory testing in blood centers.
AB  - The direct costs of ABO, Rh, Du, syphilis, and antibody screening tests were
      investigated. Questionnaires from 58 blood centers were analyzed to compare cost
      effectiveness among methods of testing and annual collection volume as well as
      differences in cost of the various methods of testing within the same-size
      center. We found that "expensive" automated equipment cannot be justified on the
      basis of direct costs in centers processing less than 100,000 units of blood per
      year and that there is a wide variation in costs among centers using the same
      equipment.

PMID- 3705138
TI  - A new test useful in identifying red cells with a (delta-alpha) hybrid
      sialoglycoprotein.
AB  - St(a+) and Dantu+ red cells (RBCs), treated with 0.1 percent ficin solutions,
      reacted strongly with Vicia graminea lectin (anti-NVg). No other RBC sample
      tested gave these results. This test (ficin-pretreated RBCs tested with anti-NVg
      [FT-NVg]) was used to screen the RBCs of 300 Oriental and 100 black donors. Three
      percent of the Oriental donor samples tested were FT-NVg+, whereas no FT-NVg +
      RBCs were found in the black donor samples tested. The FT-NVg test is easy to
      perform and gives selective reactions with antigens associated with (delta-alpha)
      hybrid sialoglycoproteins, such as Sta and Dantu. This test can be used for mass
      screening of RBCs in a search for St(a+) or Dantu+ RBCs. Another application of
      the FT-NVg test would be to screen RBCs suspected of having a low-incidence
      antigen before using scarce anti-Sta and -Dantu reagents.

PMID- 3705139
TI  - Studies of the Diego blood group among Mexican-Americans.
AB  - Dia occurs with a frequency of 8.2 to 14.7 percent in Mexican-Americans living in
      three Texas communities. Of 4225 blood samples tested, only six (0.14%) were
      Di(a+b-), and none of 2540 samples was Di(a-b-). In other studies, 1 of 525
      random white blood donors was Di(a+), and Dib was well developed in 100 random
      umbilical cord blood samples.

PMID- 3705140
TI  - Heterogeneity of the phenotype Jk(a-b-) found in Japanese.
AB  - Fourteen Jk(a-b-) persons were detected by testing 638,460 Osaka blood donors
      with an automated 2 M urea technique. Two of these 14 Jk(a-b-) samples were quite
      different from the hitherto reported Jk(a-b-) phenotype, and a family study
      showed that the mode of the inheritance was dominant. The red cell membranes of
      these Jk(a-b-) samples were studied by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and
      unusual protein bands (apparent mw, 67,000 d) were detected.

PMID- 3705141
TI  - Intravascular [correction of intracellular] hemolysis and renal failure in a
      patient with T polyagglutination.
AB  - A patient with postoperative intravascular hemolysis aggravated by transfusion
      with fresh whole blood and fresh plasma products had acute renal failure.
      Screening with Arachis hypogaea and Glycine soja lectins showed that his red
      cells were T-transformed. Only washed red cells were transfused subsequently, and
      no further fresh plasma products were given. All hemolysis ceased, the renal
      function returned to normal, and the T-polyagglutination as measured by lectin
      tests disappeared 4 months after surgery. Early diagnosis of polyagglutination
      using lectin screening tests is simple to perform, and will facilitate the
      immediate choice of the correct transfusion therapy, which in this case may have
      been life-saving.

PMID- 3705142
TI  - Accelerated destruction of radiolabeled red cells due to anti-Coltonb.
AB  - A patient who developed anti-Cob in response to transfusion was studied. The
      antibody was a warm-reactive, high-titered, IgG alloantibody that did not fix
      complement, and reacted strongly in the antiglobulin phase. During a period of
      transfusion the patient developed a positive direct immunoglobulin test with anti
      Cob recoverable in the eluate. Reactions were stronger with enzyme-treated red
      cells. Survival studies with 51Chromium-labeled red cells showed: 1) normal
      survival of Co(b-) red cells, and 2) accelerated destruction of Co(b+) red cells;
      initially, cells were destroyed with a one-half disappearance time of 4 days, but
      after about 4 days, the rate of destruction increased. This study, together with
      reported suspected transfusion reactions attributed to anti-Cob, suggest that
      anti-Cob should be considered a clinically significant antibody.

PMID- 3705143
TI  - The incidence of development of irregular red cell antibodies in patients with
      sickle cell anemia.
AB  - Two hundred and forty-five patients with SS hemoglobinopathy were screened for
      alloimmunization; they had all been transfused previously. Their median age was
      10 years. Nineteen patients (7.75%) were found to be sensitized to various red
      cell antigens. The median number of transfusions received by sensitized patients
      was 23 compared to three in the unsensitized group, indicating an increased risk
      with more transfusion exposures. Thirteen sensitized patients were re-exposed to
      transfusion and four (30%) developed new alloantibodies. Once immunized, the risk
      of developing more alloantibodies on re-exposure did not increase with increasing
      number of exposures. The most frequently observed alloantibody was anti-K,
      accounting for 38 percent of all instances. Anti-Lea and -Leb were next in
      frequency (24%); Rh antibodies were seen in 14 percent of cases. Children with
      sickle cell anemia who were multiply transfused had a low frequency of
      alloimmunization. Responders had an increased rate of further sensitization which
      did not increase with number of subsequent exposures. Phenotypically matched
      blood is probably not warranted in most patients receiving transfusions for
      sickle cell anemia.

PMID- 3705145
TI  - Plasma collection using an automated membrane device.
AB  - A plasmapheresis device with both membrane filtration and centrifugation features
      was tested. The device permits the collection of 500 ml of plasma within 30
      minutes; when run at a 1:12.5 ratio with acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD-A) the
      resultant plasma factor VIII levels were 1.05 units per ml and the albumin was 41
      g per l. Free hemoglobin was not detected, and there was no evidence of
      fibrinopeptide A, prekallikrein, or activation of complement. The plasma had a
      zero hematocrit value and contained few platelets and white cells. Before and
      after the procedure, donors and aliquots from the return line did not show any
      significant effect on cell count or function. This device functioned well to
      collect plasma for infusion or fractionation and was accepted well by donors. A
      major advantage is the relatively low cost for the software package ($15.00, US,
      1985), which should make plasmapheresis with this device economically feasible.

PMID- 3705144
TI  - A simple method for preparing neocyte-enriched leukocyte-poor blood for
      transfusion-dependent patients.
AB  - Recent treatment for patients with thalassemia and chronic anemia involves
      transfusion of young red cells (YRBCs) or "neocytes." We developed a technique
      enabling YRBCs to be separated based on their buoyant density in autologous
      plasma during centrifugation. Following this procedure, measurement of pyruvate
      kinase (PK), an age-dependent red cell enzyme, showed neocyte enrichment in the
      top one-third of the RBC layer corresponding to a mean of 47.5 percent of the
      total PK present in the unfractionated unit. To provide a neocyte transfusion
      preparation with an acceptable hemoglobin content, the top one-third fraction
      from each of three bags of blood was pooled. Leukocytes were removed from this
      "neocyte unit" by an initial sedimentation with 6 percent hydroxyethyl starch
      (HES) followed by filtration through a filter (IG 500, Imugard). This process
      resulted in removal of 99.3 +/- 0.5 percent (mean +/- SD) of the leukocytes with
      a mean RBC recovery of 89.5 +/- 5.5 percent and a final hemoglobin content of
      53.4 +/- 2.3 g. Tests for plasma-free hemoglobin and HES in the supernatant of
      the final transfusion product gave acceptable mean values of 28 mg per dl and 3.0
      mg per ml. Autologous mean RBC survival of Cr51-labeled YRBC fractions was 41.8
      +/- 2.9 days (n = 5). This technique yields neocyte enrichment superior to that
      achieved using a cell processor (model 2991, IBM) and has the added advantage of
      being less costly to prepare ($45.00 [1984] U.S. per YRBC unit as compared to an
      estimated $135.00 [1984] U.S., IBM) and more economical in terms of blood use.

PMID- 3705146
TI  - Isolation of leukocyte-free platelets from standard platelet concentrates by
      centrifugation.
AB  - We evaluated centrifugation techniques to isolate leukocyte-free platelets from
      standard platelet concentrates. Among various settings of centrifugation force
      and time, we found the setting at 300 X g for 10 minutes or 370 X g for 5 minutes
      to be efficient and reproducible for recovering sufficient quantities of
      platelets free of leukocytes.

PMID- 3705147
TI  - Sequestration of serotonin in stored platelets.
AB  - A high-pressure liquid chromatographic procedure was used for the determination
      of 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin, 5HT) in platelets. The method, which is based
      on the separation on a reverse-phase column and measurement of native
      fluorescence in an acidified mobile phase, had a detection limit of femtomol
      quantities of 5HT. The mean contents of 5HT extracted from the Triton X-100-lysed
      platelets in random-donor platelet concentrates (PCs) were 0.39 +/- 0.19 mumol
      per 10(11) platelets (n = 5), the value of which was almost equal to 0.40 +/-
      0.09 mumol per 10(11) platelets (n = 15) of platelets prepared by cytapheresis.
      The fate of platelet 5HT during storage of PCs at 22 degrees C with agitation was
      investigated for 5 days. Nearly all amounts of 5HT were sequestered within
      platelets after 5-day storage. No increased amounts of major metabolites of 5HT,
      5-hydroxytryptophol and 5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid, were detected in plasma.
      These data suggest that 5HT stored in dense granules of platelets is not
      metabolized during storage of PCs at 22 degrees C for 5 days.

PMID- 3705149
TI  - Evaluation of a volumetric intravenous fluid infusion pump for transfusion of
      blood components containing red cells.
AB  - A method was devised to evaluate the suitability of an infusion pump for
      transfusing components containing red cells. With simulated transfusions of units
      of whole blood tested before or after the expiration date there was no increase
      in the plasma hemoglobin level in pumped blood compared with blood that was put
      through a standard blood transfusion set. With outdated units of red cells there
      was an increased level of plasma hemoglobin after pumping. The increases were
      greatest at maximum pump rates, but were not statistically or clinically
      significant. The authors' evaluation indicates that this pump causes minimal
      damage to the red cells, although care should be exercised when rapidly
      transfusing red cells with high hematocrit values.

PMID- 3705148
TI  - Transfusion-associated noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Report of a case and a
      warning regarding treatment.
AB  - Although noncardiogenic pulmonary edema (NCPE) is a recognized complication of
      blood transfusion, the precise etiology is not well understood. NCPE may be
      secondary to complement-mediated pulmonary capillary injury initiated by either
      donor or recipient anti-leukocyte antibodies. It is not caused by simple volume
      overload. Recent blood banking texts and published case reports continue to
      suggest diuretics as part of the initial therapy for this complication. We report
      a case of transfusion-associated NCPE in which empirical diuretic therapy clearly
      was detrimental and suggest that the use of diuretics for treatment of this
      condition is not warranted. Reversal of progressive hypoxemia is the mainstay of
      therapy. Hemodynamic monitoring is important in differentiating NCPE from
      pulmonary edema secondary to cardiac failure or volume overload and should be
      used as a guide for further therapy.

PMID- 3705151
TI  - Home transfusion therapy.

PMID- 3705150
TI  - A new method for monitoring the sterility of blood donation.
AB  - Sterility of blood products is a cardinal contributor to patient safety.
      Bacteriologic controls of stable products comply with strict regulations, but
      legislation imposes only limited constraints in the case of perishable products,
      such as packed red cells (RBCs) or fresh-frozen plasma (FFP). Therefore, it is
      essential to monitor the sterility of aseptic donations from uninfected donors.
      Such bacteriologic monitoring can now be carried out through a tertiary bag
      (containing a soybean casein culture medium) connected to the classical double
      pack system. This system does not jeopardize the sterility of the whole system,
      as the connection is tightly stoppered by a membrane. After the blood drawing,
      this tertiary bag is filled with 5 ml of blood, and separated from the rest of
      the system. It is then incubated for 3 days at 30 degrees C and for 14 days at 22
      degrees C, to test for eventual bacteriologic or fungal contamination. In order
      to check the feasibility of this technique, we studied 76 blood drawings in the
      control laboratory of the blood center, and the results confirm the value of this
      system.

PMID- 3705152
TI  - In vitro conversion of group A1 red cells to the acquired B state.

PMID- 3705153
TI  - A human anti-Vel enhanced by sodium hypochlorite.

PMID- 3705154
TI  - Inactivation of LWa by 2-aminoethylisothiouronium bromide.

PMID- 3705155
TI  - On the association between appendicitis and ABO blood groups.

PMID- 3705156
TI  - Anti-Lu17.

PMID- 3705157
TI  - Further observations on the Vicia cretica lectin.

PMID- 3705158
TI  - Plasma exchange for platelet alloimmunization.
AB  - We studied the effectiveness of plasma exchange for reversing antiplatelet
      alloimmunization in 18 patients undergoing marrow transplantation. Patients
      received one-to-three daily exchanges. Most exchanges occurred during the
      pretransplant conditioning phase. Overall, eleven of 18 patients had a beneficial
      response to plasma exchange, defined as an improvement in post-platelet
      transfusion increments. More patients responded who had received two or more
      exchanges. Patients who had lymphocytotoxic antibodies pretransplant were more
      likely to benefit from the exchange. Our results show that plasma exchange may
      improve the posttransfusion platelet increments in alloimmunized patients
      undergoing marrow transplant.

PMID- 3705159
TI  - The effects of cyclosporine on Toxoplasma gondii in vivo and in vitro.
AB  - We examined the effect of cyclosporine on Toxoplasma infection in vivo and in
      vitro. Administration to mice of 150 mg/kg/day cyclosporine variably affected
      mortality in four separate experiments. IgG (Sabin-Feldman dye test) and IgM
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibody titers were significantly depressed in
      mice treated with cyclosporine. These results suggested the possibility that
      cyclosporine possesses anti-Toxoplasma activity. Thus, macrophages were incubated
      with cyclosporine before and after infection with Toxoplasma. Treatment with 0.5,
      1, and 5 micrograms cyclosporine/ml during or after challenge of macrophage
      monolayers with Toxoplasma inhibited replication of Toxoplasma (and resulted in
      killing of Toxoplasma). The effect of cyclosporine on development of activated
      macrophages was studied. Cyclosporine administered to mice at a dose of 150
      mg/kg/day neither accelerated nor delayed activation of macrophages (assessed by
      inhibition of Toxoplasma replication in vitro) by i.v. injection of either
      Corynebacterium parvum or Toxoplasma. Cyclosporine affects mortality variably in
      murine toxoplasmosis, depresses synthesis of IgG and IgM Toxoplasma antibody in
      vivo, does not prevent activation of macrophages in vivo, and possesses anti
      Toxoplasma activity in vitro and perhaps in vivo. Cyclosporine may be the
      preferred immunosuppressive agent for recipients of an organ transplant who are
      at high risk for toxoplasmosis (e.g., seronegative recipients who have received
      organ from seropositive donors).

PMID- 3705160
TI  - The effect of exchange blood transfusions on the cytotoxic alloantibody response
      in AS strain rats.

PMID- 3705161
TI  - Determination of cyclosporine concentration in bile.

PMID- 3705162
TI  - Encapsulation of cyclosporine by phosphatidylinositol-cholesterol liposomes.

PMID- 3705164
TI  - [Frequency and distribution of associations of acrocentric chromosomes in human
      lymphocytes].
AB  - Frequency and character of the distribution of acrocentric chromosome
      associations are determined in 40 phenotypically healthy native inhabitants of
      the Latvian SSR (20 males and 20 females). The ability to associations is the
      lowest for chromosomes 15 and 22 and the highest for chromosomes 21, 14 and 13.
      It is found that a tendency to associations between chromosomes 21-21 (P less
      than 0.05) and 13-21 (P less than 0.01) is not of an accidental character.

PMID- 3705163
TI  - Successful treatment of persistent posttransplant hyperparathyroidism with
      diphosphonate.

PMID- 3705165
TI  - [Comparison of chromosome aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges and unscheduled
      DNA synthesis in the evaluation of the mutagenicity of environmental factors].
AB  - Mutagenic character of formaldehyde in vivo was estimated by determining the
      level of chromosomal aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges and unscheduled DNA
      synthesis in human lymphocytes. It was found that in case of occupational
      exposure to formaldehyde the unscheduled DNA synthesis after thiophosphamide
      treatment in vitro was inhibited and spontaneous level of chromosomal aberrations
      increased. A negative correlation observed between the unscheduled DNA synthesis
      and sister chromatid exchanges indirectly confirmed a connection of these
      exchanges with the DNA repair. The comparison of the results obtained from
      evaluation of chromosomal aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges and unscheduled
      DNA synthesis permits suggesting that these methods estimate different sides of
      the mutagen interaction with a cell and should be considered as mutually
      complementary methods but not as interchangeable ones.

PMID- 3705166
TI  - [Relation between the cytogenetic effect and the dose of radiation and chemical
      mutagenic exposure of somatic cells in vivo: effect of the duration of exposure
      and cell selection].
AB  - Dose-response relationships obtained in vivo in mammalian cells or in vitro when
      studying structural chromosome aberrations in somatic cells may be used for
      monitoring human populations exposed to mutagenic agents. While the method
      appears of interest for biological dosimetry on people exposed to relatively high
      doses of ionizing radiation, its value for persons professionally exposed to
      chemicals is, however, limited.

PMID- 3705168
TI  - [Mutagenic effect of human adenovirus type I on the somatic and sex cells of male
      mice].
AB  - Human adenovirus 1 was studied for its effect on the chromosomal apparatus both
      in bone marrow cells and male sex cells of mice. Chromosome aberrations were most
      early detected in spermatocytes of the 1st order mice infected with human
      adenovirus 1. In bone marrow cells of mice the highest level of chromosome
      aberrations was observed 30, 60, 90 days after the inoculation, which corresponds
      to a more frequent detection of the adenoviral antigen. The UV-irradiated-virus
      caused chromosome aberrations in the later periods after the inoculation which
      might be induced by the virus reactivation in a cell.

PMID- 3705167
TI  - [Cytogenetic activity of metabolites of pesticides representing different classes
      of chemical compounds].
AB  - The cytogenetic activity of some substances formed in agricultural plants during
      metabolism of pesticides of four classes of chemical compounds was studied in the
      culture of human peripheric blood lymphocytes. Metabolites were shown either to
      have mutagenic properties similar to those of the initial compounds
      (ziramtetramethylthiourea, both being mutagens; captan-phthalimide, both
      possessing no cytogenetic activity) or to be considerably transformed in
      comparison with them as a result of deactivation (benomile-MBC) or activation
      (betanal-MHPC) processes. The latter variant if being determined for the genetic
      hazard of the pesticide necessitates to take into account data on the mutagenic
      character of those metabolites which really might enter the human organism.

PMID- 3705170
TI  - [Nomenclature of the metaphase chromosomes of the djungarian hamster].
AB  - The proposed nomenclature of G-banded chromosomes of Phodopus sungorus campbelli
      is based on requisites and principles of the International System for Human
      Cytogenetic Nomenclature (ISCN).

PMID- 3705169
TI  - [Relation between the dynamics of the cell cycle and the frequency of chromosome
      aberrations in cultured irradiated human lymphocytes].
AB  - The method of differential staining of sister chromatids was used to study the
      dynamics of cell divisions at different periods of fixation (48, 56, 68, 80 h) of
      human lymphocyte cultures in control and after gamma-irradiation in vitro in
      doses of 150 and 300 rad. It is shown that the cell population of lymphocytes is
      extremely asynchronous by the time of first and subsequent cell divisions.
      Administration of gamma-rays before PHA stimulation results in a mitotic delay
      whose duration is proportional to the irradiation dose. The frequency of
      radiation-induced chromosome aberrations does not reliably differ in early- and
      late-dividing cells.

PMID- 3705171
TI  - [Depolymerization of actin microfilaments in the I--Z--I brushes of transverse
      striated muscles by using DNAse I].
AB  - To release Z-discs of skeletal muscles myofibrils from actin microfilaments, I--Z
      -I-brushes (complexes of Z-discs and thin filaments) were treated with DNAse I
      both in suspension and on electron microscopical grids. It was shown that such a
      treatment resulted in depolymerization of actin filaments. The preparations
      obtained were heterogeneous and contained I--Z--I-brushes with shorter actin
      filaments and single Z-discs. The structure of Z-discs released from actin
      filament remained intact. Therefore these preparations may be used in studies on
      regulation of actin microfilaments assembly.

PMID- 3705172
TI  - [Mechanism of the formation of micronuclei in PHA-stimulated lymphocytes from
      human peripheral blood].
AB  - The micronuclei of PHA-stimulated human lymphocytes were assayed by comparison of
      electron microscopy and light microscopy data. The length of the cell cycle was
      checked by the flow cytofluorimetry method. Both the variability of the apoptosis
      stages and the increase in (G2+M) period in gamma-irradiated cultures were found.
      It is concluded that at least part of the micronuclei results from the cell
      nucleus "partition" during the apoptosis type cell death.

PMID- 3705173
TI  - Maintaining zebu Maure cattle in a tsetse infested area of Mali. II.
      Epidemiological considerations.
AB  - Scheduled monitoring of tsetse and other biting flies at Tienfala Forest,
      Republic of Mali from December 1979 until June 1981 yielded more than 14,500
      specimens. Comparisons of the monthly totals of tsetse and other biting flies
      with the monthly incidence of bovine trypanosomiasis in sentinel cattle suggested
      that biological transmission by a single riverine species of tsetse, Glossina
      palpalis gambiensis, accounted for most if not all disease transmission at the
      study site. The data obtained also suggested that human decisions had contributed
      to the magnitude if not the degree of the disease problem at the study site and
      that viable solutions to the disease problem exist.

PMID- 3705174
TI  - Field observations on adult zebu bulls immunised against anaplasmosis by
      infection and treatment plus integrated tick control.
AB  - Fourteen adult zebu bulls which were negative for Anaplasma marginale infection
      both serologically and on blood smear examinations were infected with a virulent
      Nigerian isolate of A. marginale. Forty days following the immunising infection
      when clinical reactions were established groups of seven animals were treated
      with either two doses of imidocarb dipropionate (2 X 5 mg/kg given
      intramuscularly 14 days apart) or a single intramuscular dose of long-acting
      oxytetracycline (5 mg/kg). Following clinical recovery, two weeks after the first
      treatment the immunised animals and seven susceptible controls were then
      introduced into a tick-infested area and held there for 15 months with regular
      tick control. There were significant differences between the mean weight gains of
      surviving animals in the oxytetracycline group and the controls and surviving
      animals in the imidocarb group and control cattle. The protective effect of tick
      control alone was inferior to that of integrated tick control plus anaplasmosis
      control by either method of immunisation. Losses occurred in all groups due
      mainly to the effects of other tick-borne diseases, babesiosis and heartwater.

PMID- 3705175
TI  - Simultaneous vaccination of cattle against foot-and-mouth disease and rinderpest.
AB  - A total of 118 local cattle in the Sultanate of Oman were divided into three
      groups, one which received a trivalent inactivated foot-and-mouth disease
      vaccine, another which received attenuated tissue culture rinderpest vaccine and
      a third which received both vaccines simultaneously at separate sites on opposite
      sides of the neck. The serological response to vaccination was monitored at day
      0, 21 and 42 in virus neutralisation tests. The simultaneous administration of
      the two vaccines produced no ill effects and the serological responses did not
      differ significantly from the response to either vaccine given separately.

PMID- 3705176
TI  - Development and stability of rinderpest virus antigens in cattle tears and lymph
      nodes.
AB  - Diffusible rinderpest virus antigens were demonstrated in increasing quantities
      in ocular and lymph node biopsies from rinderpest-infected cattle using agar gel
      immunodiffusion (AGID) and counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) tests. Positive
      samples were detected from the second day of pyrexia to two days after death. The
      antigens in ocular secretions and lymph nodes were thermolabile being destroyed
      within five minutes at 56 degrees C and within two weeks at 4 degrees C.

PMID- 3705178
TI  - Development and mortality of Ornithodoros moubata after feeding through an
      artificial membrane.
AB  - High mortality rates have often been observed when artificial feeding techniques
      are used for colony maintenance of Ornithodoros moubata. Such fatalities can be
      readily controlled by addition of antibiotics to the feeding medium without
      apparent toxicity to ticks. Comparative results show that for maintaining
      colonies of O. moubata artificial feeding techniques can be as efficient as
      direct feeding on swine--the primary hosts of these argasids.

PMID- 3705177
TI  - Mineral status of beef cattle in Papua New Guinea.
AB  - Groups of 22 steers grazed eight diverse environments in Papua New Guinea for one
      year. Haemoglobin, packed cell volume, MCHC, plasma albumen, calcium, magnesium,
      phosphorus, zinc, copper and saliva sodium and potassium were measured; half of
      each group received cobalt supplements. Growth rate was measured. Cobalt
      deficiency was tentatively diagnosed at two sites, sodium deficiency at five
      sites and phosphorus at three with two other sites marginal. Sodium
      supplementation at the three most affected sites corrected sodium status and
      increased growth rate. Additionally, at two of these sites plasma phosphorus
      concentration increased to more normal levels presumably due to increased
      appetite. Statistically significant differences between sites occurred in the
      concentrations of other minerals but were not related to growth rates. The
      significance of these results is discussed in relation to assessment of mineral
      status in beef cattle.

PMID- 3705179
TI  - Variations in Echinococcus granulosus of bovine origin identified by enzyme
      electrophoresis.
AB  - Hydatid cysts of bovine, equine, porcine, ovine, caprine and human origin and
      also from gerbils used to passage cysts of human origin were obtained from
      various geographical locations. Extracts from these cysts were compared for the
      electrophoretic forms of glucose phosphate isomerase. Equine and porcine cyst
      extracts had identical zymogram patterns. These differed markedly from the
      zymogram patterns of cysts of ovine, caprine and human origin which appeared
      identical to the ovine strain. In contrast both types of zymogram patterns were
      found in extracts from cysts obtained from cattle. This variation seemed to be
      associated with both geographical location and the fertility of the cysts.

PMID- 3705180
TI  - Epidemiology of bovine parasitic otitis.

PMID- 3705181
TI  - Oxfendazole for the control of nematode infestations in Egyptian sheep.

PMID- 3705182
TI  - Evaluation of three strategic anthelmintic programmes for the prophylaxis of
      parasitic gastroenteritis in cattle in Nigeria.
AB  - Three strategic anthelmintic programmes were evaluated for use in the prophylaxis
      of parasitic gastroenteritis in naturally infected N'Dama cattle aged 12 to 21
      months at Nsukka, eastern Nigeria. Four groups A, B, C and D were used which
      grazed together and each consisted of seven animals. Group A was treated in
      April, July, August and December. Group B was dosed in April, August and December
      and Group C in July, August and September. Group D received no treatments. All
      three treatment programmes substantially reduced pasture contamination while
      programmes A and B also resulted in significantly improved weight gains. The
      potential net profit from the three programmes was 38 X 0 Naira, 33 X 10 Naira
      and 24 X 74 Naira per head respectively. The early dry season (December)
      treatment in Groups A and B contributed relatively little to their overall
      performance but would have minimised the carryover of infection to the following
      wet season.

PMID- 3705183
TI  - Carcinogenicity and cocarcinogenicity test of phenobarbital sodium in adult
      BALB/c mice.
AB  - The carcinogenic and cocarcinogenic action of phenobarbital sodium was
      investigated in adult BALB/c mice of both sexes when administered alone at a
      concentration of 0.05% in drinking water for life or after the animals had been
      treated with a single hydrazine sulphate dose of 5.65 mg. The results
      demonstrated that phenobarbital sodium is not carcinogenic in this strain of
      mice, but, since a single dose of hydrazine sulphate was carcinogenic, does not
      clarify whether it is a cocarcinogen in the lung.

PMID- 3705184
TI  - Induction of stress proteins in murine and human melanoma cell cultures.
AB  - The induction of stress proteins was studied in two human and two murine melanoma
      cell lines. Exposure for 1 h to heat (42 degrees C), to ethanol (6%), to arsenate
      (100 microM) and to disulfiram (50 microM) induced the expression of SPs with
      apparent molecular weights of 100, 86, 70-72 and 24-26 Kd. Quantitation of the
      single SPs indicated that the basal level as well as the enhanced synthesis
      following the various stressors were different in each cell line. The induction
      of the 100 Kd species occurred in only one murine melanoma and not in the others.
      The 86 and in particular the 70-72 Kd species were the most prominent groups,
      whereas the 24-26 SPs were induced only following arsenate and disulfiram
      exposure in the three melanoma cell lines. In one of the murine melanomas, the
      expression of SPs was markedly reduced compared to the other cell lines. No
      definite specific patterns of SP expression could be identified in tumors of the
      same histologic type.

PMID- 3705185
TI  - Multiple myeloma plasma cell kinetics: rapid and reliable evaluation using 5
      bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd) DNA incorporation detected by an anti-BrdUrd
      monoclonal antibody.
AB  - In 19 patients with monoclonal gammopathy, plasma cell proliferative activity was
      evaluated using 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd) incorporation, as revealed by an
      anti-BrdUrd monoclonal antibody. A simultaneous standard labelled thymidine
      incorporation was carried out in all patients as reference test. The BrdUrd
      method was confirmed as a reliable test and is recommended for routine clinical
      application in monoclonal gammopathies.

PMID- 3705186
TI  - Urinary neopterin levels in hematologic malignancies.
AB  - We studied urinary excretion levels of neopterin in 30 cancer patients affected
      by non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, Hodgkin's disease and multiple myeloma compared to 30
      healthy subjects. Mean value of neopterin excretion in cancer patients (576.01 +/
      620.37) appeared significantly increased (p less than 0.001) compared to normal
      controls (134.40 +/- 41.65). A neopterin excretion above the upper normal limit
      was observed in 23/28 (82%) patients with active disease. A trend to an increased
      urinary level of neopterin with more advanced stage was observed, namely in
      patients with bone marrow involvement and constitutional symptoms. We suggest
      that the evaluation of urinary neopterin levels may be of value in the diagnosis
      and follow-up of hematologic malignancies.

PMID- 3705187
TI  - Cancer mortality in broad Italian geographical areas, 1975-1977.
AB  - Death certification rates from various cancers or groups of cancers in broad
      Italian geographical areas (North/Center/South) over the period 1975-1977 were
      analyzed. In both sexes, there was a clear North/South gradient, with
      considerably higher rates in the North for total cancer mortality as well as for
      most common neoplasms. The geographical variation was more marked in males
      (North/South ratio for total cancer mortality = 1.75 at all ages and 1.70
      truncated 35-64 years) than in females (ratio = 1.48 at all ages and 1.28
      truncated 35-64). Although, in general terms, the present results confirm
      previous analyses of cancer mortality in Italy, a few interesting tendencies
      should be noted. First, the geographical differences in the mid-late 1970's were
      much more marked for tobacco-related cancers (a factor of over two in males in
      the North/South ratio) than for other chiefly epithelial carcinomas or
      nonepithelial cancers. In general, variations for nontobacco-related cancers
      tended to level off over more recent calendar periods. However, there was little
      tendency towards decreasing differences in gastric cancer mortality (which was
      markedly elevated in the North and Center), at least in males. During the 1970's
      death certification rates from cancer of the (cervix) uteri decreased in northern
      and central more than in southern Italy. This pattern of trends may have been
      influenced by a different impact of cervical screening in various areas of the
      country.

PMID- 3705188
TI  - Hairy cell leukemia: preliminary results with alpha 2 (r) interferon.
AB  - Ten patients with hairy cell leukemia are being treated at our institution with a
      therapeutic schedule of alpha 2(r) interferon (2 X 10(6) IU/m2 s.c. three times
      per week). Five patients underwent splenectomy from 4 to 108 months before
      treatment; nonsplenectomized patients had spleens palpable 6 to 12 cm UCM.
      According to Quesada's response criteria, at the sixth month of therapy, one
      patient was considered a complete responder, 8 partial responders and one a minor
      responder, with no differences between splenectomized and nonsplenectomized
      patients. In nonsplenectomized patients the spleen returned to normal. Our data
      confirm that interferon, even at low dosages, is a very effective approach for
      hairy cell leukemia. No evidence was found to contraindicate such therapy.

PMID- 3705189
TI  - Anaplasia and heterogeneity of GFAP expression in gliomas.
AB  - GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) distribution was investigated in selected
      areas of glioblastomas and astrocytomas. The proliferating cell population of
      glioblastomas was GFAP negative and contained many mitoses which were also
      negative. The old, deeply located areas were composed of cells with visible
      cytoplasm, intensely GFAP-positive; mitoses in these areas were both GFAP
      positive and negative. GFAP-positive reactive astrocytes, once trapped in the
      tumor, were no longer distinguishable from positive tumor cells. They sometimes
      contained mitoses. In astrocytoma, anaplasia was due to the development of a GFAP
      negative population with negative mitoses. The problem of dedifferentiation and
      differentiation of malignant gliomas in discussed taking into account the
      possibility that malignancy may be due to increasing mutation rates of tumors.
      The problem of redifferentiation of already dedifferentiated cells is also
      discussed.

PMID- 3705190
TI  - Flow cytometrically determined DNA content of breast carcinoma and benign
      lesions: correlations with histopathological parameters.
AB  - The relative DNA content of cellular samples from 54 patients affected by breast
      carcinomas and 20 affected by benign breast lesions (including 11 fibroadenomas)
      was measured by flow cytometry. All normal tissue samples and 17/20 (85%)
      specimens from benign lesions exhibited a cytometrically diploid DNA
      distribution, 3/20 (15%) benign lesions an abnormal DNA content, and 35/54 (65%)
      carcinomas at least one aneuploid cell subpopulation. Furthermore, 9/54 (17%)
      tumors were characterized by the presence of more than one aneuploid cell
      subpopulation. The results also indicate that flow cytometry can be used to
      recognize lymph nodes infiltrated by aneuploid cells. Statistically significant
      correlations were evidenced between the occurrence of aneuploidy or the ploidy
      level measured as DNA index and the nodal infiltration status. The percentage of
      S cells can also be extracted from DNA content distribution histograms.
      Statistically significant differences (p less than 0.01) were also observed for
      the percentage of S cells between normal tissues (6.2 +/- 3.2 SD) and benign
      lesions (11.1 +/- 6.6 SD), normal tissues (6.2 +/- 3.2 SD) and aneuploid tumors
      (19.7 +/- 10.3 SD), benign lesions (11.1 +/- 6.6 SD) and aneuploid tumors (19.7
      +/- 10.3 SD), and diploid (7.9 +/- 4.0 SD) and aneuploid tumors (19.7 +/- 10.3
      SD).

PMID- 3705191
TI  - Uneven distribution and significant concentration of apocrine metaplasia in lower
      breast quadrants.
AB  - Two hundred human breasts removed for clinical cancer by radical mastectomy were
      analyzed to determine whether apocrine metaplasia and apocrine cysts have
      predilective sites in the four mammary quadrants. One block of tissue randomly
      removed for each quadrant was examined in one or more histologic sections. The
      results showed a concentration of apocrine metaplasia and apocrine cysts in the
      lower mammary quadrants (17.5% versus 8.2%), which is highly significant (chi 2 =
      15.25; P less than 0.001). The different distribution between breast cancer
      (showing predilection for the upper quadrants) and apocrine metaplasia is
      emphasized, together with the highly significant association between apocrine
      metaplasia and breast cancer. Based on these data, the usefulness of the clinical
      detection of cysts in the lower mammary quadrants and needle aspiration of their
      fluid for the morphologic or biochemical diagnosis of apocrine metaplasia in the
      screening and management of women at risk is suggested.

PMID- 3705192
TI  - The incidence of cancer in contralateral reduction mammaplasty after mastectomy
      and reconstruction of the removed breast.
AB  - Fourty-one patients underwent breast reconstruction after mastectomy for cancer
      and reduction plasty of the second breast, over a 36-month period. These plasties
      were performed only for reasons of asymmetry, in the absence of any positive
      preoperative finding. Histologic examination using semiserial sectioning of the
      whole excised sample detected a high frequency of unsuspected cancer 14/41 (34%).
      There was a strong predominance of in situ carcinomas 11/41 (27%) over invasive
      carcinomas 3/41 (7%). These results were compared with those of other bilateral
      cancer series. When such cancers were detected by random biopsies or
      mastectomies, the rate of in situ carcinomas was much greater than in cancers
      detected only by physical and mammographic examination.

PMID- 3705193
TI  - Chemotherapy and surgery in the treatment of ovarian cancer bulky disease.
AB  - Thirty-six patients with stage III-IV ovarian cancer, bulky disease, were treated
      with adriamycin and cyclophosphamide administered in two different dosages. Three
      or four cycles of chemotherapy were administered before the first surgery to
      facilitate the surgical debulking. After surgery, 6 additional cycles of
      chemotherapy were administered, and a second look was performed. Clinical CR + PR
      was observed in 19/30 (63%) evaluable patients after the first part of
      chemotherapy, but pathologic CR + PR was confirmed in only 13 (43%) patients.
      After the second part of chemotherapy and the second surgery, 5/30 (17%) patients
      had pathologic CR and 3/30 (10%) showed residual disease. The two regimens
      demonstrated similar activity (67% vs 56% clinical CR + PR) but a very different
      toxicity. In fact, 50% of patients treated with higher doses showed severe
      leukopenia and 25% severe thrombocytopenia, and 2/13 died of sepsis. The
      significant activity of adriamycin plus cyclophosphamide in ovarian cancer was
      confirmed, and increasing the dosage of the two drugs did not increase their
      activity but only their toxicity.

PMID- 3705194
TI  - Cumulative or delayed nephrotoxicity after cisplatin (DDP) treatment.
AB  - The present retrospective study reports data regarding renal toxicity in 115
      patients (63 males, 52 females; median age, 56 years) who received cumulative
      doses of cisplatin (DDP) greater than or equal to 200 mg/m2. DDP was administered
      alone or in combination at a dose of 50-70 mg/m2 in 91 patients, and at a dose of
      100 mg/m2 in 22 patients. Two patients after progression of ovarian carcinoma
      treated with conventional doses of DDP received 4 and 2 courses, respectively, of
      high-dose DDP (40 mg/m2 for 5 days) in hypertonic saline. The median number of
      DDP courses was 6 (range 2-14), and the median cumulative dose was 350 mg/m2
      (range, 200-1200). Serum creatinine and urea nitrogen were determined before
      initiating the treatment and again 13-16 days after each administration. The
      incidence of azotemia (creatinina levels that exceeded 1.5 mg/dl) was similar
      before (7.8%) and after (6.1%) DDP doses of 200 mg/m2. Azotemia appears to be
      related to the association of DDP with other potentially nephrotoxic
      antineoplastic drugs (methotrexate) more than to the dose per course of DDP. Of
      59 patients followed for 2 months or more after discontinuing the DDP treatment,
      3 (5.1%) presented creatinine values higher than 1.5 mg/dl. The data deny that
      the incidence of nephrotoxicity is higher in patients receiving higher cumulative
      doses of DDP and confirm that increases in serum creatinine levels may occur some
      time after discontinuation of the drug.

PMID- 3705195
TI  - Cardiac arrhythmia: possible complication from treatment with cisplatin.
AB  - Cardiotoxicity is rarely observed during cisplatin chemotherapy. A possible
      synergistic toxic effect of cisplatin with etoposide on cardiac electrical
      activity is discussed. A case of a 60-year-old woman with squamous cell lung
      carcinoma who developed paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia during cisplatin
      chemotherapy is reported. The potential cardiotoxicity should be considered when
      cisplatin is combined with other cardiotoxic agents or used in patients with
      cardiac disease.

PMID- 3705196
TI  - Mucin-producing adenoma of the thyroid gland.
AB  - The authors studied a case of mucin-producing adenoma of the thyroid gland. The
      tumor consisted almost entirely of signet-ring cells containing mucin, which was
      strongly positive with PAS, with and without diastase pre-treatment, and Alcian
      blue stain at pH 2.5. Immunoperoxidase staining for thyreoglobulin was clearly
      positive within the cytoplasm of signet-ring cells and also in the follicle
      material, which indicates that the tumor derived from follicular epithelium.

PMID- 3705197
TI  - Renal cell carcinoma and transitional cell carcinomas of the pelvis and bladder
      in a patient affected by chronic renal failure due to abuse of phenacetin.
AB  - This is a report on a case of 2 concurrent neoplasms of different histology
      within the same kidney: a renal cell carcinoma and a transitional cell carcinoma
      of the renal pelvis in a patient affected by chronic renal failure due to abuse
      of phenacetin. There was also a transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary
      bladder.

PMID- 3705198
TI  - [Interaction of succinate dehydrogenase with succinate and oxaloacetate during
      enzyme activation-deactivation].
AB  - The interaction of succinate dehydrogenase from the bovine adrenal cortex with
      succinate and oxaloacetate was studied in the process of its activation
      deactivation. It is supposed that an intermediate unstable complex of succinate
      dehydrogenase with oxaloacetate plays an important role in the changed enzymic
      activity.

PMID- 3705199
TI  - [Regulators of 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase activity in rat liver
      mitochondria].
AB  - Effects of numerous organic acids on the 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase activity
      were studied in isolated rat liver mitochondria with nonspecific permeability.
      Amino acids, most of citric acid cycle intermediates, lactate, maleate, acetate,
      glycerol-3-phosphate, urea, palmitate, and phosphoenolpyruvate plus ADP were
      shown to modify the enzyme activity insignificantly. The inhibitory effect of
      pyruvate seems to be a result of the concomitant cytosolic lactate dehydrogenase
      activity, and the effect of oxaloacetate is that of the mitochondrial matrix
      malate dehydrogenase activity. Malonate proves to be a competitive inhibitor of
      the 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase activity, enzyme affinity for malonate being
      the same irrespective of the source or purification of the preparation.

PMID- 3705200
TI  - [Inhibition of cholinesterases by quaternary phosphonium compounds].
AB  - Alkyl tributylphosphonium and triphenylphosphonium derivatives as well as
      tetraphenylphosphonium were first studied as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase
      of human blood erythrocytes and butyrylcholinesterase of horse blood serum. The
      inhibition is reversible, of mixed type, with a different contribution of
      competitive and uncompetitive components. The value of the inhibitory effect is
      essentially dependent on the structure of phosphonium compounds, especially in
      experiments with butyrylcholinesterase: allyltriphenylphosphonium is 290 times as
      strong enzyme inhibitor as methyltributylphosphonium. Hexyltributylphosphonium is
      identical to hexyltributylammonium in both the pattern and efficiency of the
      inhibitory action on cholinesterases.

PMID- 3705201
TI  - [Interaction of an analog of the E1 site of tetrapeptide Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro with the
      D1 site of two forms of monomeric fibrin].
AB  - Two monomeric fibrin forms differing in a set of polymerization sites (fibrin
      desAA and fibrin-desAABB) are inhibited to a different extent by tetrapeptide Gly
      Pro-Arg-Pro which simulates a moiety of polymerization site E1. The lesser
      sensitivity of fibrin-desAABB polymerization to the inhibiting tetrapeptide is
      due to the presence of active site E2 in it. A shape of the concentration
      dependence curve of the inhibitory effect of tetrapeptide Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro on the
      polymerization of both fibrin types is similar to the previously found curve for
      fibrinogen and its fragments--specific inhibitors of polymerization. Ca2+
      intensifies inhibition of fibrin-desAABB polymerization by tetrapeptide Gly-Pro
      Arg-Pro twice as much as that of fibrin-desAA evidently due to the peptide
      blockage of sites D2. An increase of the ionic strength from 0.15 to 0.3 enhances
      the inhibitory effect of the tetrapeptide on polymerization of two monomeric
      fibrin forms.

PMID- 3705202
TI  - [Age-related changes in glycolysis and levels of modulators of oxygen transport
      function of hemoglobin in human erythrocytes].
AB  - The glycolysis rate and the amount of the acid-transport hemoglobin function
      modulators (diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), ATP, glutathione, chlorides) in human
      erythrocytes are studied under the effect of age changes. It is shown that the
      glycolysis rate and the content of ATP decrease under ageing by 16% and 21%,
      respectively. The concentration of 2,3-DPG lowers insignificantly (by 8%). At the
      same time it is established that the amount of reduced glutathione in
      erythrocytes of middle-aged and old people enhances by 25-29% and that of
      chlorine ions by 23-24%. The revealed changes in the concentration of modulators
      of the hemoglobin affinity to oxygen with ageing are, probably, one of reasons of
      the oxyhemoglobin dissociation increase.

PMID- 3705203
TI  - [Binding of noradrenaline with chromatin proteins from cell nuclei of the rat
      brain].
AB  - Peculiarities of binding of 1- and dl-norepinephrine preparations with chromatin
      proteins and incorporation of labelled amino acids into protein fractions of rat
      brain nuclei are studied in experiments in vivo and in vitro. It is established
      that the value of the label binding in the composition of norepinephrine with
      histones, nonhistone proteins and residual DNA-protein complex is directly
      proportional to the synthesis rate of the fractions under study. Single
      administration of ethanol increases the synthesis of nonhistone proteins and
      makes the level of norepinephrine binding with this fraction higher,
      Incorporation of amino acids and binding of norepinephrine with proteins of the
      residual DNA-protein complex in this case is, vice versa, inhibited. Ethanol
      administration does not change the synthesis of histones and binding of
      noradrenaline with it. An essential difference is observed in the intensity of 1-
      and dl-norepinephrine binding with protein fractions of brain nuclei. Interaction
      of d1-norepinephrine with karyoplasm protein is 7 times weaker than that of 1
      isomer. The value of 1-norepinephrine binding with the residual DNA-protein
      complex in twice as high as d1-norepinephrine binding. Interaction of 1- and d1
      norepinephrine preparations with histones and nonhistone protein differs
      insignificantly.

PMID- 3705205
TI  - [A method of determining pyruvate kinase activity].
AB  - A method is suggested for determining the activity of pyruvate kinase (ATP:
      pyruvate-phosphotransferase). The method is based on evaluation of the amount of
      ATP formed in the course of phosphoenolpyruvic-to-pyruvic acid transformation in
      the presence of ADP and magnesium ions. The ATP amount in the reaction medium is
      determined by paper electrophoresis with subsequent spectrophotometry.

PMID- 3705204
TI  - [The steroid hormone levels and receptors of steroid hormone receptors in rat
      muscles during physical exertion].
AB  - It is shown that the testosterone content in skeletal muscles of female albino
      rats is 2-fold decreased, while the estradiol content-1.5-fold increased and
      progesteron content showed no changes after systematic physical exercises. The
      pharmacokinetic investigations showed that androgen half-life in the organism
      decreased from 8 to 5 h under physical exercises. The amount of androgen
      receptors in cytosol of skeletal muscles increases from 1.34 +/- 0.08 to 1.71 +/-
      0.10 fmol/mg per 1 mg of protein. Kd is 0.40 +/- 0.03 and 0.48 +/- 0.08 nM,
      respectively. Sensitivity of the organism to hormonal signal play an important
      role in the metabolism regulation in skeletal muscles along with the hormonal
      content change during the organism adaptation to physical exercises.

PMID- 3705206
TI  - [Protein fractions of the ova, embryos and skeletal muscles of the loach
      affecting the stability and activity of lactate dehydrogenase].
AB  - When lactate dehydrogenase obtained from Misgurnus muscles and purified to the
      homogeneous state is incubated for 16 hat 38 degrees C, its activity lowers down
      to 10% of the initial value. Extracts of egg cells, embryos or skeletal muscles
      of the mentioned fish species added to the enzyme solution decrease considerably
      its inactivation. Proteins stabilizing the activity of lactate dehydrogenase are
      revealed in the supernatant liquid obtained after salting out of the above
      extracts with 60% sulphate ammonium saturation. These proteins are in fractions
      with the molecular weight below 45 kDa. Among proteins with the molecular weight
      10 kDa there are polypeptides which exert an activation effect on lactate
      dehydrogenase. This effect is intensified with the presence of insulin.

PMID- 3705207
TI  - [Substrate specificity of monoamine oxidase from the brain and liver of the human
      fetus during antenatal ontogenesis].
AB  - Dynamics of changes in the monoaminooxidase activity with respect to different
      substrates is characterized by a number of peculiarities and varies essentially
      in the process of ripening of the organs. Both in the brain and in the liver
      tyramine (a substrate of enzymes of types A and B), serotonin and norepinephrine
      (substrates of type A) and benzyl amine (substrate of type B) are subjected to
      oxidative deamination: tyramine--most intensely, serotonin and norepinephrine-
      less intensely and benzyl amine--least intensely.

PMID- 3705209
TI  - [Experimental hypovitaminosis D in guinea pigs administered different amounts of
      vitamin C].
AB  - The experimental model of D-hypovitaminosis is first obtained on guinea pigs. It
      is established that the least degree of its manifestation is determined under
      conditions of the optimal supply of the organism with vitamin C. The necessity of
      using ascorbic acid in a complex of rachitis prophylaxis measures is
      substantiated.

PMID- 3705208
TI  - [Effect of thyroxine on the hemoglobin affinity to oxygen and 2,3
      diphosphoglycerate level in rat erythrocytes].
AB  - Affinity of hemoglobin to oxygen was studied in rat erythrocytes under conditions
      of intraperitoneal administration of thyroxin in a dose of 0.4 mg per 100 g of
      animal weight each 24 h for five days. A significant right shift of the
      oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve is observed only on the 6th day simultaneously
      with the increase of the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate level in erythrocytes in the
      period under study. The results obtained from the study of the thyroxin effect on
      the respiratory function of hemoglobin permit recommending it as an antihypoxant.

PMID- 3705210
TI  - [Prevention of infection after hip surgery with antibiotics].

PMID- 3705211
TI  - [Behcet's syndrome].

PMID- 3705212
TI  - [Production of leukocyte-poor blood with the SAGM blood bag system].

PMID- 3705213
TI  - [Primary hyperaldosteronism caused by bilateral suprarenal cortical hyperplasia.
      Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects].

PMID- 3705214
TI  - [Glipizide induced toxic hepatitis].

PMID- 3705215
TI  - [Barrett's esophagus and adenocarcinoma. A case in a male aged 19 years].

PMID- 3705216
TI  - [Tuberculous salpingitis. A condition which still exists].

PMID- 3705217
TI  - [Source of hemorrhage in retroperitoneal hematoma demonstrated by computerized
      tomography].

PMID- 3705218
TI  - [Hyperlipidemia. Diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines].

PMID- 3705219
TI  - [Occupational environment and chromosome damage--what have the laboratories
      gotten from chromosome examinations?].

PMID- 3705220
TI  - [Risks of hyposensitization].

PMID- 3705221
TI  - [Registration of coercive measures. A prospective study of the use of coercive
      measures in a district emergency psychiatry department].

PMID- 3705222
TI  - [Involuntary commitment to a psychiatric department. A retrospective study of
      occurrence and causes].

PMID- 3705223
TI  - [The financial circumstances of the elderly in Copenhagen. From an
      epidemiological, social medical interview study of persons aged 75, 80 and 85 in
      Copenhagen].

PMID- 3705224
TI  - [Non-melanoma skin cancer in Denmark 1943-1982. Cancer statistics no. 15].

PMID- 3705225
TI  - [The organic solvents syndrome].

PMID- 3705226
TI  - [Clinical neurological picture of Danish patients with AIDS].

PMID- 3705227
TI  - [AIDS. Epidemiology and social perspectives].

PMID- 3705228
TI  - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome--AIDS].

PMID- 3705229
TI  - [LAV/HTLV III infection in a group of homosexual and bisexual men in 1983 and
      1985].

PMID- 3705230
TI  - [Primary pulmonary hypertension].

PMID- 3705231
TI  - [Children with Folling's disease treated at the John F Kennedy Institute in
      Glostrup over a 17-year period].

PMID- 3705232
TI  - [Complications of grommets in specialist practice].

PMID- 3705233
TI  - [Thyroid stimulating hormone in the serum as the first test in thyrotoxicosis].

PMID- 3705234
TI  - [Alcohol for sedation of the alcoholic].

PMID- 3705235
TI  - [Hyperkalemia precipitated by beta 2 receptor agonists].

PMID- 3705236
TI  - [Leiomyoma of the esophagus].

PMID- 3705237
TI  - [Distal tubular acidosis accompanied by severe hypokalemic paralysis--amiloride
      induced?].

PMID- 3705238
TI  - [Acute fluoride poisoning].

PMID- 3705239
TI  - [Thallium poisoning. Still a possible differential diagnosis in Denmark].

PMID- 3705240
TI  - [Accidents in schoolchildren. A prospective study of accidents in primary
      schools].

PMID- 3705241
TI  - [Multiaxial diagnosis in connection with psychiatric supervision].

PMID- 3705242
TI  - [Maintenance allowances during pregnancy on account of the risk of abnormalities
      in the occupational environment].

PMID- 3705243
TI  - [Etiological examination in mental retardation. Examination of multihandicapped
      children].

PMID- 3705244
TI  - [Deliveries and abortions 1980-1984].

PMID- 3705245
TI  - In vivo microbubble detection in decompression sickness using a second harmonic
      resonant bubble detector.
AB  - A resonant bubble detection method based on a second harmonic technique has been
      used to monitor the femoral vascular system of dogs subjected to rapid
      decompression. For this study, the detector consisted of two acoustic transducers
      mounted at right angles to each other that were packaged in a perivascular cuff
      configuration. This detector responds selectively only to bubbles near resonant
      size (4.2 mum in diameter); solid particles and large bubbles produce no
      response. The detector was used to monitor a total of 15 dogs. Eleven dogs were
      subjected to a series of simulated underwater dives until acute symptoms of
      decompression sickness occurred; 4 dogs served as controls. In the dived group,
      either the femoral vein or the femoral artery was monitored. Resonant bubbles
      were observed in the femoral veins of all 6 dogs monitored at this location.
      During arterial monitoring, most dogs showed no response, but an occasional weak
      response was observed in 2 of the dogs. No resonant bubbles were detected in the
      femoral artery or the femoral vein in any of the controls. The data suggest that
      this bubble detection method is feasible for in vivo use. Furthermore, 4 mum
      diameter bubbles are much more prevalent in the veins of dogs suffering from
      decompression sickness than they are in dog arteries, presumably because they are
      filtered out effectively by the pulmonary circulation. Modifications of this
      method are discussed to enhance its accuracy and applicability for quantifying
      bubble size, location, and number.

PMID- 3705246
TI  - An acoustic approach to diver navigation.
AB  - Three experiments were carried out to assess the capability of divers to localize
      acoustic signals underwater and to navigate by them. In the first experiment,
      divers attempted to determine the correct distance to several underwater
      transducers projecting acoustic stimuli on a horizontal plane. The second
      experiment consisted of two related studies where the diver/subjects attempted to
      discover which of many possible stimuli would produce the most robust perception
      of underwater "sound movement," or the Underwater Auditory Phi Phenomenon (UAPP).
      A third experiment consisted of navigational swims by divers; the acoustic
      stimuli utilized were based on those identified in prior experiments as the most
      preferred. The results demonstrated that divers are able to discriminate among
      signals emanating from acoustic sources at various distances underwater and to do
      so at levels well above chance. Second, divers judged 500-Hz square waves to be
      the signal which best facilitated an acceptable UAPP; thermal noise and 1-kHz
      square waves followed in that order. However, these differences were only slight
      and, in practice, divers maintained that the noise signal was the most useful.
      Third, it was found that divers apparently can effectively navigate by means of
      auditory signals alone--at least within certain limits. Finally, a significant
      decrease in the discrimination abilities of divers for frequencies above 6 kHz
      suggests that intensity cues may not be as robust as time-of-arrival information
      with respect to underwater sound localization.

PMID- 3705247
TI  - CNS oxygen toxicity in the rat: role of ambient illumination.
AB  - The effect of ambient illumination on sensitivity to CNS oxygen toxicity was
      studied in awake male rats. Continuous recording of the EEG was obtained with
      chronically implanted cortical electrodes. The appearance of the electrical
      discharges in the EEG was used as an end point for CNS oxygen toxicity. It was
      found that sensitivity to CNS oxygen toxicity was inversely related to the level
      of ambient light illumination. The latent period for appearance of the electrical
      discharges was significantly shorter in darkness than in light over most of the
      oxygen pressures. Rats with severely depressed retinal function were as sensitive
      to oxygen at high pressure as normal rats in darkness, demonstrating the
      importance of visual input in the modulation of sensitivity to CNS oxygen
      toxicity.

PMID- 3705248
TI  - Effect of intravascular bubbles on perfusate flow and gas elimination rates
      following simulated decompression of a model tissue.
AB  - This study deals with the monitoring of the elimination rates of gases from a
      porous cylindrical model of the human tissue during simulated single-stop
      decompression schedules. The data suggest the presence of an optimal
      decompression stop for each dive at which the gas elimination rate is maximum.
      The effect of varying the flow rate and the viscosity of the liquid perfusing the
      tissue model on the elimination rate is determined for different diving
      conditions. Although this study has been carried out on a single tissue model, it
      provides means for explaining some of the physiological phenomena observed in
      human tissues.

PMID- 3705249
TI  - Pressure and temperature modulation of conduction in a bifurcating axon.
AB  - A bifurcating crustacean motor neuron, which serves an integrative function by
      selectively controlling output to its daughter branches, was examined for its
      behavioral response to changes in pressure and in temperature when each was
      varied while the other was held constant, and when both were varied together. The
      neuron was exposed to helium pressure between 1 and 200 ATA and temperatures
      between 9 and 22 degrees C. The response of the neuron to pressure changes was
      biphasic and time dependent. Immediately following a pressure change, action
      potential amplitude and conduction velocity increased, and the ability of the
      branch point to pass high frequency trains improved; after 15-20 min at pressures
      above 35 ATA these measures were depressed below control values. The curve
      relating functional measures to temperature displayed a time-dependent
      hysteresis, fast warming leading to values for amplitude, velocity, and
      branchpoint capacity which corresponded to those made at a point 3-5 degrees C
      higher during slow cooling. The delayed depressant effects of compression and
      cooling were synergistic. Low temperature significantly enhanced the effects of
      pressure on amplitude and conduction velocity; high pressure increased the Q10 of
      both measures. However, slow cooling antagonized the transient compression
      induced excitability increase, and prolonged exposure to hyperbaric pressure
      diminished the temperature hysteresis. The complex time-dependent changes in this
      branching axon's ability to conduct are related to previously described changes
      in membrane potential properties. The responses of this axon to pressure changes
      are different from responses of other axons studied at hyperbaric pressure. Thus,
      even within relatively stereotyped axon membrane the effects of pressure are not
      generalizeable among cells. The possible relevance of these findings to the high
      pressure nervous syndrome (HPNS) is discussed.

PMID- 3705250
TI  - Hyperbaric exposure to a 5 ATA He-N2-O2 atmosphere affects the cardiac function
      and organ blood flow distribution in awake trained rats.
AB  - Previous studies on rats have demonstrated an increased myocardial blood flow
      (MBF) in spite of an unchanged cardiac output (CO), mean arterial pressure (MAP),
      and heart rate (HR) when rats were exposed to a 5 ATA ambient pressure (PN2 = 4.8
      ATA, PO2 = 0.2 ATA). We have investigated the changes in CO and organ blood flow
      by the microsphere method on 9 awake, trained rats exposed to a 5 ATA ambient
      pressure with surface pressure of N2 (= 0.8 ATA) and O2 (= 0.2 ATA), increasing
      the ambient pressure with He. The chamber temperature was 30-31 degrees C. CO and
      organ blood flow were measured in control and after 15 min under pressure. No
      changes were observed in CO, HR, or MAP during the hyperbaric exposure,
      indicating unchanged external work of the heart when calculated as MAP X HR. The
      pulse pressure however increased significantly (P less than 0.05). MBF increased
      at the same time by 36% (P less than 0.01), equally distributed in the right and
      left ventricles (P less than 0.01). The fact that myocardial perfusion increases
      when ambient pressure is elevated, independent of atmospheric inert gas
      composition, invites the conclusion that this change is due to the ambient
      pressure itself and not to a specific effect of N2 or He as inert gas at 5 ATA.
      The blood flow to the adrenals increased by 77% (P less than 0.01), the liver by
      105% (P less than 0.05), while the blood flow to the skeletal muscles decreased
      by 30% (P less than 0.05). The blood flow to the lungs, the paws, and the outer
      ear increased, most likely due to the high ambient temperature in the chamber. We
      may conclude that HR does not change in a normoxic hyperbaric atmosphere. High
      ambient pressure increases the pulse pressure, but the MAP and CO remain
      unchanged. These changes and the changes in organ blood flow need well-balanced
      neuronal or hormonal reflexes to distribute an unchanged CO under pressure. The
      exact explanation is not known.

PMID- 3705251
TI  - Screening for oxygen intolerance in U.S. Navy divers.
AB  - All U.S. Navy diving candidates are screened for their tolerance to hyperbaric
      oxygen by taking an oxygen tolerance test (OTT). During a recent experimental
      oxygen dive series at the U.S. Navy Experimental Diving Unit, three divers were
      noted to be reproducibly oxygen sensitive. These three divers were then given
      additional OTTs to see if any evidence of central nervous system oxygen toxicity
      would be detected by these multiple tests. The additional OTTs did not produce
      any signs or symptoms of oxygen toxicity in these already proven susceptible
      divers. A subsequent review of the records of the Naval Safety Center yielded a
      total of 1347 OTTs from 1 January 1972 to 31 December 1981. A review of diving
      accidents reported during this period revealed that 26 episodes of oxygen
      toxicity were noted during OTTs for a derived failure rate of 1.9%. Analysis of
      oxygen toxicity episodes encountered during operational Navy diving for this
      period found that 9 episodes of nonconvulsive oxygen toxicity were seen in mixed
      gas diving and 3 episodes of nonconvulsive oxygen toxicity were noted in closed
      circuit oxygen diving. Conclusions from this paper are: Screening for oxygen
      intolerance is complicated by intraindividual variation in oxygen tolerance; U.S.
      Navy diving using 100% oxygen during the period studied has had an acceptable
      safety record according to the data on record at the Naval Safety Center; the OTT
      as currently administered by the U.S. Navy does not identify all individuals who
      are relatively susceptible to oxygen toxicity; those individuals who do fail the
      OTT are unusually susceptible to oxygen toxicity; and because of the need to
      continue to identify these unusually susceptible individuals, the OTT should
      continue to be administered to U.S. Navy diver candidates.

PMID- 3705252
TI  - Use of EEG digital filtering and display for HPNS diagnosis.
AB  - Divers show symptoms of a condition known as the high pressure nervous syndrome
      (HPNS) at depths greater than about 180 m. A symptom that possibly lends itself
      to an objective diagnosis is a change in the frequency content of the EEG signal
      with increased slow wave (theta, 4-8 Hz) and decreased fast wave (alpha, 8-13 Hz)
      activity. Therefore, a method was developed, first, to obtain the power in the
      EEG frequency bands by digital filtering and, second, to display band-indices and
      ratios during a dive, in a format suitable for rapid appraisal. The formulas for
      the cascaded 2nd order Butterworth bandpass filters are given together with the
      corresponding FORTRAN program. EEG signals from 3 subjects taped during the Duke
      University Atlantis IV dive to a depth of 650 m were analyzed and displayed by
      the above method as well as by a Fast Fourier Transfer signal analyzer. The
      results suggest the theta: alpha ratio, which is a one-parameter EEG evaluation
      in the frequency domain, is a valuable descriptor for the objective HPNS
      diagnosis.

PMID- 3705253
TI  - [4th-generation x-ray computed tomography in the study of diseases of the head,
      neck and spine].

PMID- 3705254
TI  - [Peripheral angiography without hospitalization: an everyday reality].

PMID- 3705255
TI  - [Value of gamma macroscopic autoradiography in the experimental study of
      myocardial ischemia].

PMID- 3705256
TI  - [Keratocysts of the jaws].

PMID- 3705257
TI  - [Basic research on the prostate in Quebec].

PMID- 3705258
TI  - [Controversies on progestogens and the metabolism of lipoproteins].

PMID- 3705259
TI  - [Clinical contributions of the latest generation of x-ray computed tomography
      instruments].

PMID- 3705260
TI  - [Abdominal x-ray computed tomography. The contribution of the latest-generation
      instruments].

PMID- 3705261
TI  - [Clinical applications of 4th-generation x-ray computed tomography for the
      evaluation of intra-thoracic lesions and lesions of the extremities].

PMID- 3705262
TI  - [Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: long-term treatment with ranitidine].

PMID- 3705263
TI  - [Colitis caused by amoxicillin].

PMID- 3705264
TI  - [Prognostic factors in the treatment of major affective disorders].

PMID- 3705265
TI  - [Cyclosporin: an update].

PMID- 3705266
TI  - [The wife battered by her husband. The realities of the phenomenon and an
      examination of intervention strategies].

PMID- 3705267
TI  - [Psychologic and psychiatric problems of the menopause].

PMID- 3705269
TI  - Urotech. Recent surgeon's workshop. Gems and "pearls".

PMID- 3705268
TI  - [Biological justification for the annual examination aimed at detecting cancer of
      the cervix].

PMID- 3705270
TI  - Familial transitional cell carcinoma of renal pelvis and upper ureter.
AB  - A family in which transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the renal pelvis and upper
      ureter developed in three siblings is presented. A description of these patients
      and their relatives together with a survey of the literature is presented.

PMID- 3705271
TI  - Further experience with staged ureterocolocolostomy urinary diversion.
AB  - Disenchantment with the long-term results with ureterosigmoidostomy and ileal
      loop urinary diversion led to increased use of the nonrefluxing colon conduit. In
      1978, we reported our initial experience with 3 adult patients in whom such a
      diversion was initially performed followed by conversion with an end-to-side
      colocolostomy achieving a staged nonrefluxing ureterocolocolostomy. We believed
      that a staged procedure would allow decompression of the upper urinary tract away
      from the fecal stream, that one could confirm the adequacy of the nonrefluxing
      tunnels prior to exposure to the fecal stream, and that this might have a lower
      instance of electrolyte problems and pyelonephritis. Further follow-up on these
      original 3 patients as well as our experiences with two others, as reported here
      has somewhat tempered our initial enthusiasm.

PMID- 3705272
TI  - Adjuvant radiation therapy in stages C and D1 prostatic adenocarcinoma:
      preliminary results.
AB  - Twenty patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate underwent postradical
      prostatectomy adjuvant external beam megavoltage radiation therapy because of
      periprostatic disease in histologic evaluation of the resected specimen. Fourteen
      of these patients had pathologic Stage C and 6 pathologic Stage D1 disease.
      Treatment in most patients consisted of 5,000 rad delivered to the true pelvis.
      The five-year recurrence-free survival was 75 per cent for pathologic Stage C and
      41 per cent for Stage D1 disease. The median time to first evidence of treatment
      failure was fifty months for D1 patients and has not been reached by the C group.
      Minor complications occurred in 85 per cent of patients and major complications
      in 5 per cent. In 1 patient with mild, postoperative stress incontinence total
      urinary incontinence developed after radiation therapy. These preliminary
      observations suggest a prolonged disease-free interval with an acceptable
      morbidity is obtained utilizing this regimen.

PMID- 3705273
TI  - Surgically preventable site of local recurrence of testicular carcinoma.
AB  - We report on a patient with a mixed germ cell testicular carcinoma in whom
      recurrence developed at the site of retained spermatic cord elements subsequent
      to retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. This site for recurrence can be
      prevented by total removal of the spermatic cord. Recurrence at this site often
      involves the peritoneum thus significantly reducing the survival rate. It is our
      policy to attach a long length of nonabsorbable suture marker material to the
      most proximal aspect of the spermatic cord when performing a radical inguinal
      orchiectomy. Such a marker facilitates the removal of the entire remaining cord
      if a retroperitoneal node dissection is performed.

PMID- 3705274
TI  - Transrectal needle aspiration versus transperineal needle biopsy in diagnosis of
      carcinoma of prostate.
AB  - Transrectal needle aspiration of the prostate was compared to transperineal
      biopsy in 28 patients with suspected carcinoma of the prostate. This technique
      was found to have a high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing carcinoma of
      the prostate, and no complications were seen. The addition of Nuclear Flow DNA
      analysis may give further prognostic information from needle aspiration and core
      biopsy specimens. Transrectal needle aspiration of the prostate is a safe,
      inexpensive, and accurate method of diagnosing carcinoma of the prostate.

PMID- 3705275
TI  - Appropriate surgical prophylaxis in transurethral genitourinary surgery and
      potential reduction in nosocomial infections.
AB  - Despite the high rate of urinary tract infections seen in hospitals, until
      recently many surgeons did not advise antibiotic prophylaxis for transurethral
      genitourinary surgery. This situation has changed with the realization that older
      trials with questionable results were poorly designed. Several recent well
      controlled clinical studies show that appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis greatly
      reduces the high incidence of infections following transurethral genitourinary
      surgery. Effective antibiotic prophylaxis for transurethral operations may be a
      major route to substantial reduction in nosocomial urinary tract infections and
      bacteremia. To achieve effective prophylaxis, the surgeon must choose a correct
      antibiotic and use it according to proved principles.

PMID- 3705276
TI  - Screening for urinary tract infection using Bac-T-Screen bacteriuria device.
AB  - The Bac-T-Screen was used to process 795 urine specimens. Tests for urine
      specimens took slightly more than two minutes. The Bac-T-Screen predicted with 99
      per cent accuracy if a specimen was negative for bacteriuria or pyuria. Thus,
      approximately one half of all carefully collected urine specimens need no further
      laboratory culture. In addition, the Bac-T-Screen detected bacteriuria with a
      sensitivity of 96 per cent at the 10(5) CFU/ml level of probability. Pyuria (1 +)
      was detected with a sensitivity of 98 per cent. The Bac-T-Screen can be used in
      an office practice as well as in the clinical laboratory.

PMID- 3705277
TI  - Lasers and squamous cell carcinoma of external genitalia.
AB  - Herein is presented our experience with 4 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the
      external genitalia, managed by laser vaporization-coagulation. Our results
      indicate that laser therapy offers the potential for cure of early cases of
      genital carcinoma where traditional treatment has been refused or medically not
      possible. No associated morbidity was found. Exceptional cosmetic results were
      obtained, and this appears to be an added advantage.

PMID- 3705278
TI  - Tamponade nephrostomy catheter for percutaneous nephrostolithotomy.
AB  - Hemorrhage from the nephrostomy tract is the most common major complication
      associated with percutaneous nephrostolithotomy. The tamponade nephrostomy
      catheter is a new addition to the endourologist's instruments; it is expressly
      designed to achieve immediate tamponade of the nephrostomy tract. The large
      diameter, occlusive balloon (36F) is carried on a 14-F nephrostomy tube which is
      passed over a 5-F ureteral stent. As such, the catheter not only tamponades the
      nephrostomy tract but effectively drains the renal pelvis, while maintaining
      ureteral access.

PMID- 3705279
TI  - Repair of upper ureteric obstruction with Boari flap and psoas hitch.
AB  - A case of iatrogenic traumatic obstruction to both upper and lower ureters
      resulting in severe hydronephrosis is reported. Continuity and good functional
      result was achieved with a Boari flap and psoas hitch to the renal pelvis.

PMID- 3705280
TI  - Methylmethacrylate upper ureteral obstruction.
AB  - A case of upper ureteral obstruction caused by methylmethacrylate cement after
      fixation of an L2-L3 vertebral fracture is reported. The probable mechanism,
      radiographic findings, and management of this complication are reviewed.

PMID- 3705281
TI  - Bilateral renal cell carcinoma and synchronous occurrence of transitional cell
      carcinoma of renal pelvis.
AB  - A case is reported of the unusual occurrence of a primary bilateral renal cell
      carcinoma and synchronous occurrence of a papillary transitional cell carcinoma
      of the renal pelvis in one kidney. The literature is reviewed.

PMID- 3705282
TI  - Calcified papilloma of ureter.

PMID- 3705283
TI  - New technique for difficult penile implants.

PMID- 3705284
TI  - Transscrotal approach for insertion of inflatable penile prosthesis.

PMID- 3705285
TI  - Percutaneous antegrade indwelling silicone stent.

PMID- 3705286
TI  - Primary amyloidosis of renal pelvis with duplicate collecting system.
AB  - A case of primary amyloidosis localized to the inferior renal pelvis of a kidney
      with a duplex collecting system is described. The onset of gross hematuria and
      mild flank pain necessitated investigations which yielded a clinical impression
      of tumor within the lower pelvis of a duplex collecting system. At laparotomy a
      grossly hemorrhagic-appearing mass in the lower pelvis was noted and a left
      ureteronephrectomy was undertaken. Histologic examination of the surgical
      specimen revealed amyloid deposition within the inferior pelvis, the
      corresponding distal portions of the papillae, and the most proximal ureter.
      Amyloid was not present elsewhere within either the renal parenchyma or the
      superior collecting system.

PMID- 3705287
TI  - Pseudo duplication of bladder.

PMID- 3705288
TI  - Psychologic aspects of dealing with children in uroradiology.
AB  - Children undergoing uroradiologic procedures fear and imagine many things adults
      do not. This article reviews the nature of children's fears, and emphasizes that
      the more children know, and the more familiar they can be with the procedure, the
      more relaxed they will be. Inpatients should get an advance tour, see the
      machines in advance, and meet at least one person who will be present at the
      examination. The parents should be in the room with younger children, with a
      favorite toy or object; there should be complete calm, no unnecessary strangers,
      and the patient should be given as much control over the proceedings as possible.
      Patients may fear darkness or being crushed by the machinery; the room should
      thus be well lit and their fears addressed in advance. Younger children may worry
      about genital mutilation, and should be reassured.

PMID- 3705289
TI  - Urodynamic appraisal of vaginal versus rectal pressure recordings as indication
      of intra-abdominal pressure changes.
AB  - To compare intravaginal versus intrarectal pressure recordings as an indication
      of intra-abdominal pressure changes, simultaneous recording of the vaginal,
      bladder, and rectal pressures were obtained in 20 women. The transmitted pressure
      changes recorded from the inner and middle thirds of the vagina strongly
      correlated with the transmitted pressure changes recorded from the bladder (r =
      0.99) when compared with the observed correlation between bladder and rectal
      pressure recordings (r = 0.91). The vaginal pressure recording is an easier and
      accurate alternative to intrarectal pressure recordings for approximating
      abdominal pressure changes during urodynamic testing.

PMID- 3705290
TI  - [Hydrolase activity of ear tissues and leukocytes of patients with otosclerosis].

PMID- 3705291
TI  - [Indicators of dynamic impedencometry in Meniere's disease].

PMID- 3705293
TI  - [Evaluation of the function of the eustachian tube in perforating otitis].

PMID- 3705292
TI  - [Brain tumors in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media].

PMID- 3705294
TI  - [Principles of differentiated outpatient care for industrial workers with
      occupational and non-occupational ORL diseases].

PMID- 3705295
TI  - [Morphohistochemical study of fibrous obliteration of the tympanic cavity].

PMID- 3705296
TI  - [Status of the monocytic component of the mononuclear phagocyte system in
      patients with chronic tonsillitis].

PMID- 3705297
TI  - [Effectiveness of tonsillectomy and low-frequency ultrasonic therapy in patients
      with chronic tonsillitis and bronchial asthma].

PMID- 3705298
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of tonsillogenic infection and incipient forms of
      rheumatic fever].

PMID- 3705299
TI  - [Bacteriological and virological studies of nasal mucosa in chronic rhinitis].

PMID- 3705300
TI  - [Surgical tactics in the treatment of patients with laryngeal granuloma caused by
      intubation].

PMID- 3705301
TI  - [Relation between the morphological stage of malignant tumor cells and prognosis
      in patients with cancer of the larynx].

PMID- 3705302
TI  - [State of the upper respiratory tract in female workers at a perfume factory].

PMID- 3705303
TI  - [Computerized tomography as an important method of diagnosis in unilateral
      exudative otitis media].

PMID- 3705304
TI  - [Treatment of patients with sensorineural hearing loss with sansurdal].

PMID- 3705305
TI  - [Rationale for complete continuous evacuation of hemo-synovial fluid following
      knee joint surgery (review of the literature and personal observations)].

PMID- 3705306
TI  - [Spiral coils for arterial occlusion].
AB  - Roentgen endovascular occlusion with spiral emboli was used in 240 patients with
      different diseases. The introduction of spiral emboli into the arteries of
      abdominal and retroperitoneal organs was fulfilled through usual angiographic
      catheters. Duration of the arterial occlusion was checked up in the following
      angiographic examinations and showed the devices described to be appropriate for
      a continuous arterial blockade. No complications resulting from the introduction
      of the spiral embolus were noted.

PMID- 3705307
TI  - [Endoscopic evaluation of the status of the stomach in patients after ulcer
      surgery].
AB  - On the basis of the investigation of nearest and long-term clinical results of
      the operative treatment of acute complications of gastroduodenal ulcers and
      results of endoscopic examinations of 309 patients a conclusion is made of the
      expediency of the endoscopic examination in the nearest postoperative period. The
      group of patients with good results should include patients having no complaints,
      with normal functions of the operated stomach, without duodeno-jejunogastric
      reflux and pronounced gastric changes.

PMID- 3705308
TI  - [Effect of different types of vagotomy on the blood circulation of the stomach
      and liver in patients with duodenal ulcer].
AB  - Methods of rheogastro- and rheohepatography were used for examination of 69
      patients with duodenal ulcer. It was established that selective proximal vagotomy
      and combined gastric vagotomy were followed by the improvement of blood
      circulation of the antral portion of the stomach and liver. Truncal vagotomy was
      shown to aggravate the disturbances of hepatic hemodynamics.

PMID- 3705309
TI  - [Early and repeated operations for mechanical jaundice arising after
      interventions on the liver, gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts].
AB  - An experience with the treatment of 83 patients with recurrent jaundice or
      jaundice developed after operations on the liver, extrahepatic bile ducts and
      gallbladder was used by the authors for an analysis of causes of the appearance
      of jaundice, diagnosis and treatment of such patients. Indications for
      relaparotomy were restricted due to using retrograde cholangiography and
      endoscopic papillotomy.

PMID- 3705310
TI  - [Computed tomography in the diagnosis and treatment of surgical diseases of the
      liver].
AB  - Surgical diseases of the liver were detected by computed tomography in 110
      patients. The aimed percutaneous puncture of focal neoplasms of the liver
      followed by cytological examination of the aspiration material was performed in
      34 patients. The elaboration of puncture techniques of treatment of hepatic cysts
      and abscesses as well as the preoperative decompression of bile ducts in patients
      with mechanical jaundice is in progress.

PMID- 3705311
TI  - [Lymphosorption in the treatment of patients with hepatic insufficiency and
      jaundice].
AB  - Results of the clinical use of lymphosorption in 57 patients with hepatic
      insufficiency of various etiology are described. Lymphosorption was found to be
      an effective method in exo- and endogenous hepatic insufficiency of the I and II
      degree. The detoxicating effect was decreased in patients with cholangitis and
      other purulent complications, hepatic coma with extensive necroses of the liver.
      Lymphosorption is thought to be inexpedient in malignant tumors of the liver with
      the symptoms of cancer intoxication.

PMID- 3705312
TI  - [Effect of draining the thoracic lymph duct on the protein level of blood and
      lymph in peritonitis].
AB  - Under study were specific features of protein metabolism in 52 patients with
      peritonitis treated by routine methods. In 26 of them the external lymph drainage
      was used with a compensation of lymph loss. Lymph drainage in peritonitis results
      in detoxication of organism and normal protein-synthesizing function of the
      liver.

PMID- 3705313
TI  - [Minor surgical procedures and bronchologic cleansing methods in the treatment of
      acute abscesses and gangrene of the lungs].
AB  - Easy means of "minor surgery" and bronchological methods of sanitation were used
      in 234 patients with acute purulent diseases with the aim of drainage and
      sanitation of purulent cavities and for bringing antibiotics to the pathological
      focus in addition to detoxification, stimulating and antibacterial therapy. It
      reduced lethality among these patients and restricted indications to radical
      operations.

PMID- 3705314
TI  - [Surgical tactics in patients with multi-stage occlusions].
AB  - Reconstructive operations on the vessels proved to be possible in 275 of 330
      patients with "multi-stage occlusions": in 227 patients profound femoral arteries
      were included into the main blood flow, in 48 patients the blood flow was
      reestablished in the aorto-iliac and femoro-popliteal segments. Good results were
      obtained in 81.2% of the patients. Secondary amputation was performed in 9.1%,
      8.7% of the patients died. In the postoperative period repeated interventions
      proved to be necessary in 46 (16.7%) patients.

PMID- 3705315
TI  - [Use of color contact thermography for diagnosing aortic and iliac artery
      diseases].
AB  - The coloured contact thermography may be used as an additional method for
      diagnosis of diseases of the abdominal aorta and its major branches. In cases
      with aneurysms of the abdominal aorta the coloured thermograms showed the
      increased skin temperature of the frontal abdominal wall over its projection. The
      method may be used for differential diagnosis of the aneurysm and occlusion of
      the abdominal aorta.

PMID- 3705316
TI  - [Method of treating chronic injuries of the knee joint extensor system].
AB  - A new less traumatic method of double alloplasty for longstanding injuries of the
      extensor system of the knee joint is described which gives a complete
      reestablishment of the extremity functioning.

PMID- 3705317
TI  - [Ultrasound in the treatment of infected wounds].

PMID- 3705318
TI  - [Outlook for use of the plasma scalpel in surgery].

PMID- 3705319
TI  - [System for prolonged intra-arterial infusions].

PMID- 3705320
TI  - [Changes in the anorectal angle following surgical treatment of anal sphincter
      incompetence in children].

PMID- 3705321
TI  - [Postoperative intraperitoneal hemorrhages, their etiology, risks and diagnostic
      characteristics].

PMID- 3705322
TI  - [Dumping syndrome following selective proximal vagotomy].
AB  - The dumping syndrome after selective proximal vagotomy associated with plastic
      operations on the pylorobulbar zone developed in 69.2% of patients, Jabuley's
      gastroduodenostomy being most frequently followed by it. In patients with
      duodenal ulcer complicated by stenosis of the gastric pylorus and who are
      predisposed to dumping syndrome the operation of choice should be selective
      proximal vagotomy associated with exclusion of the duodenum and formation of "end
      to-end" gastroenteroanastomosis and Y-shaped entero-enteroanastomosis after Roux.
      The dumping syndrome can be prevented by performing the operation (SPV) at early
      periods of the disease before developing the pylorobulbar stenosis when no
      additional draining operations are necessary.

PMID- 3705323
TI  - [Surgical treatment of nodular endemic goiter].
AB  - The article analyzes results of the surgical treatment of 142 patients with
      nodular endemic goiters in Algeria. Intracapsular, extracapsular and combined
      methods were used. The selection of the method for different clinico-anatomical
      features of the goiter is grounded. The extracapsular method is thought to be the
      method of choice in diffuse-nodular and nodular goiters of a huge size.

PMID- 3705324
TI  - [Eventration following laparatomy].

PMID- 3705325
TI  - [Late complications of prolonged peridural anesthesia].

PMID- 3705326
TI  - [Post-catheterization thrombosis of the subclavian vein in children].

PMID- 3705327
TI  - [Recurrent retroperitoneal tumor claimed as inoperable].

PMID- 3705328
TI  - [Surgical treatment of pseudarthroses and defects of the long bones at
      polyclinics].
AB  - The author describes his experience with the operative treatment after G. A.
      Ilizarov of 22 patients with false joints under conditions of the out-patient
      clinic. Good results were obtained in all the cases. The method of periosseous
      osteosynthesis is recommended for wide use under conditions of the the out
      patient clinic.

PMID- 3705329
TI  - [Acupuncture and reflexotherapy of thyrotoxicosis patients in the preoperative
      period].
AB  - The authors have selected the most optimal variants of biologically active points
      which may be used in order to arrest symptoms of thyrotoxicosis. Acupuncture and
      reflex therapy used in 183 patients with thyrotoxicosis in the preoperative
      period gave more considerable and rapid effect as compared with medical drugs.

PMID- 3705330
TI  - [Effect of prolonged epidural morphine block on the recovery of intestinal motor
      function postoperatively].
AB  - The dynamics of recovery of the motor-evacuatory function of the gastrointestinal
      tract after operation on organs of the abdominal cavity was studied in 102
      patients. Prolonged epidural blockade with subnarcotic doses of morphine was
      included in the complex of postoperative measures in 53 patients. Clinical
      observations and investigation of bioelectrical activity of the intestine have
      shown the prolonged epidural blockade to result in earlier recovery of the
      gastrointestinal function.

PMID- 3705331
TI  - [Results of peridural morphine analgesia in the early postoperative period].
AB  - The influence of age, concomitant atherosclerosis and pregnancy on the efficiency
      of postoperative peridural analgesia with morphine was studied in 2000 patients.
      It was found that the incidence of adequate analgesia was linearly increased with
      the age of the patients and the morphine dose. The influence of atherosclerosis
      and pregnancy manifested itself in the improvement of the analgetic and sedative
      effect of morphine. The data obtained are thought to be associated with changed
      permeability of diffuse barriers for the analgetics.

PMID- 3705333
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of acute limited gangrene of the lung].
AB  - Based on an analysis of 49 patients with acute limited gangrene of the lung the
      author considers the main method of treatment of this disease to be a complex
      conservative treatment including the antibiotic therapy, sanitation of the
      gangrenous cavity and bronchial tree trachea, drainage of the abscesses,
      correction of immune disorders of the organism and normalization of the
      functioning of its important systems. The operative treatment is thought to be
      necessary in cases with severe complications such as bleedings, pyopneumothorax,
      septicopyemia. Operations under these conditions give high lethality rate and are
      followed by severe complications.

PMID- 3705332
TI  - [Correction of fatty acid metabolism in stomach surgery patients by the infusion
      of a fatty emulsion].
AB  - The method of gas-liquid chromatography was used for studying the content of high
      molecular weight fatty acids in blood serum of 48 patients after operations on
      the stomach. It was established that in the early postoperative period the level
      of high molecular weight fatty acids including essential ones was considerably
      lower which deteriorated the course of the postoperative period and caused
      complications. The inclusion of fat emulsions in the programme of parenteral
      feeding in the early postoperative period is an effective measure of correction
      of the disturbed fatty acid metabolism resulting in the improvement of immediate
      results of the operation and less amount of postoperative complications.

PMID- 3705334
TI  - [Use of photo-modified blood in surgical practice].

PMID- 3705335
TI  - [Hemodynamic results of replacing the mitral valve with an aortic
      xenobioprosthesis].
AB  - Results of an analysis of clinico-hemodynamic data obtained in 66 patients with
      bioprosthesis of the mitral valve are presented. The data of intraoperative
      examination as well as of catheterization of heart cavities within the period
      from 6 to 62 months after operation show the xenoaortic bioprosthesis to give an
      adequate correction of the mitral valve defect, their implantation was followed
      by a substantial improvement of the patients's state.

PMID- 3705336
TI  - [Pulmonary ventilation indices of patients following the surgical correction of
      mitral stenosis].
AB  - The method of spiroveloergometry was used in 97 patients after operation of
      mitral commissurotomy for studying reserves of pulmonary ventilation and its
      relation to the level of physical working capacity. The results obtained have
      shown that in patients of worse functional classes the ventilation potency of the
      lungs deteriorated which resulted in the restricted physical working capacity. It
      should be necessarily taken into consideration when making programs for the
      rehabilitation of cardiosurgical patients.

PMID- 3705337
TI  - [Function of the sympathetic-adrenal system in patients with complicated peptic
      ulcer].
AB  - Under study was the functional state of the sympathoadrenal system and
      correlation between its activity and the white blood parameters in 30 patients
      with ulcer disease of the stomach and duodenum complicated by ulcer perforation,
      bleeding, peritonitis in the postoperative period. It was found that the
      complicated ulcer disease was accompanied by an increased functional activity of
      the sympathoadrenal system which was most pronounced in perforation.

PMID- 3705338
TI  - [Ideological education of the physician].
AB  - The article elucidates the importance of ideological grounding of physicians and
      methods of ideological education. Critics of bourgeois theories on the
      relationship of science and ideology is given.

PMID- 3705339
TI  - [Importance of electrogastrography and pharmacological tests in assessing gastric
      motor function in vagotomy].
AB  - The effect of 6 pharmacological drugs on the motor function of the stomach in
      patients with ulcer disease was studied. It was established that Cerucal was the
      best modulator of gastric motor activity. There were three types of reaction of
      electrogastrogram to the administration of Cerucal. It was noted that in the
      first type there was a real danger of the development of postvagotomic kinetic
      disorders. In the second and third types such a danger was as a rule absent. This
      method of prognosis of motor disorders after vagotomy was successfully used in 81
      patients with ulcer disease of the duodenum treated with the help of vagotomy.

PMID- 3705341
TI  - [Diathermic endoscopic retrograde cholangiography].
AB  - The endoscopic retrograde cholangiography through an artificially formed
      suprapapillary choledochoduodenal fistula was used in 66 patients with different
      diseases of bile ducts, liver and pancreas. The results have shown that this
      method should be recommended after failure of retrograde endoscopic
      cholangiopancreatography performed by the routine technique.

PMID- 3705340
TI  - [Clinical significance and diagnosis of transpyloric prolapse].
AB  - Data of complex clinico-instrumental and morpho-functional examination of 168
      patients with transpyloric prolapse are presented. The authors suggest its great
      significance in the development and progress of the inflammatory-destructive
      changes of the stomach and duodenum. The detected features of the clinical course
      show the importance of a dynamic observation and rational treatment of patients
      with transpyloric prolapse.

PMID- 3705342
TI  - [Hemodynamic function of patients with diffuse suppurative peritonitis].
AB  - A complex examination of central hemodynamics and contracting function of the
      heart was performed in 85 patients in the preoperative period. It was established
      that the toxic phase of peritonitis is characterized by the disturbed central
      hemodynamics and worse contracting function of the myocardium which are found to
      aggravate the process in the terminal phase and to require intensive prophylactic
      and curative measures. The authors consider that the shock index and coefficient
      of the functional state of central hemodynamics can be used in urgent cases for
      the assessment of the functional state of blood circulation.

PMID- 3705343
TI  - [Laparostomy in diffuse suppurative peritonitis].
AB  - The authors describe results and the technique of treatment of diffuse fecal and
      purulent peritonites by an open method in 15 patients. Three patients died. Small
      intestinal fistulas were observed as complications of laparostomy in three cases.

PMID- 3705344
TI  - [Surgical results in recurrent inguinal hernias].
AB  - Remote results of 213 operations for recurrent inguinal hernias are analyzed.
      Repeated recurrences were noted in 58 patients (27.2%). Strengthening of the
      frontal wall or the posterior wall of the inguinal canal by using the inguinal
      ligament in recurrent inguinal hernias is responsible for high percentage of
      recidivation. The operation of choice is thought to be plasty of the inguinal
      canal after Kukudzhanov.

PMID- 3705345
TI  - [Pathogenetic problems of the infectious complications of surgical wounds].

PMID- 3705346
TI  - [Use of tserigel in the combined treatment of patients with erysipelatous
      inflammation].

PMID- 3705347
TI  - [Eosinophilic granuloma of the small intestine].

PMID- 3705349
TI  - [Wound of the inferior vena cava].

PMID- 3705348
TI  - [Osteosynthesis with screws of closed fractures of the long bones].
AB  - Osteosynthesis by screws only was used in 391 patients mainly for spiral and
      oblique fractures of long tubular bones. The authors give recommendations for
      anesthesia, selection of the screws, technique of introduction, postoperative
      plaster immobilization. Grounds for optimal variants of disposition of the screws
      in relation to the length and direction of the fracture are given. The total
      amount of complications by the authors' materials made up 9.8%.

PMID- 3705350
TI  - [Treatment of the sequelae of an extensive chemical burn of the large intestine].

PMID- 3705352
TI  - [Surgical treatment of compression of the parapelvic portion of the ureter by the
      lower polar renal vessels in children].
AB  - Suboperative observations of 73 patients have shown that lower polar renal
      vessels are often associated with other abnormalities (congenital fibrosis and
      segmentary hypoplasia of the parapelvic portion of the ureter resulting in the
      development of hydronephrosis, chronic urethritis, atrophy of the muscle layer
      and secondary stenosis of the ureter). The operation of choice is resection of
      the pyeloureteral segment and part of the pelvis followed by antevasal
      anastomosis.

PMID- 3705351
TI  - [Use of interstitial antibiotic electrophoresis with chronic pneumonia patients].
AB  - Interstitial electrophoresis of antibiotics included in the complex of curative
      measures was shown to be highly effective for the treatment of chronic pneumonia.
      The conclusion was made on the basis of an analysis of results of treatment of
      128 patients with chronic pneumonia.

PMID- 3705353
TI  - [Results of diverting the urine into the intestines in bladder exstrophy in
      children].
AB  - An analysis of immediate and long-term results of urine elimination into the
      intestine in exstrophy of the urinary bladder in 100 children has shown
      sigmocystoanastomosis to be the optimal method which reliably restores continence
      of urine and prevents the development of urinary infection and pyelonephritis.

PMID- 3705354
TI  - [Post-traumatic scoliosis in adolescents].

PMID- 3705355
TI  - [Rupture of a hepatic echinoccocal cyst into a duplicated intestine in a child].

PMID- 3705356
TI  - NOAH: a new voice in animal medicines.

PMID- 3705357
TI  - Isolation of leptospires from the genital tract and kidneys of aborted sows.
AB  - Twenty sows were examined as part of an investigation into the relative
      importance of the genital and urinary tracts as sites of leptospiral persistence
      in pigs. The sows had previously either aborted leptospire-infected fetuses or
      aborted on farms where leptospire infection had been demonstrated in other
      litters. Leptospires belonging to the Australis serogroup were recovered from the
      upper genital tract of all the sows. In contrast, leptospires were only recovered
      from 75 per cent of their kidneys. Isolates from 10 of the sows were identified
      to serovar level: six were serovar muenchen and four were bratislava. Persistence
      was observed in renal and genital tissues for up to 147 days after abortion.

PMID- 3705358
TI  - Clinical and pathological findings related to malnutrition and husbandry in
      captive giant tortoises (Geochelone species).
AB  - A biomedical survey was carried out on the population of giant tortoises housed
      in some of the major zoological collections in the United Kingdom. Wasting
      syndrome was diagnosed in individuals which were kept under suboptimal conditions
      of housing and diet. Clinical manifestations and laboratory and post mortem
      findings are discussed.

PMID- 3705359
TI  - Radiometric detection of mycobacteria in abattoir specimens taken from tuberculin
      reactive cattle.

PMID- 3705360
TI  - Abortion of twins following chloral hydrate anaesthesia in a mare.

PMID- 3705361
TI  - Supernumerary testis in a domestic fowl.

PMID- 3705362
TI  - Ovine abortion associated with Campylobacter jejuni.

PMID- 3705363
TI  - Botulism in dairy cows.

PMID- 3705365
TI  - Gastric dilation in dogs.

PMID- 3705364
TI  - Uterine prolapse in the cow.

PMID- 3705366
TI  - Chunnel: rabies risk?

PMID- 3705367
TI  - Liver disease in West Highland white terriers.

PMID- 3705368
TI  - The obsolete RANA.

PMID- 3705369
TI  - Worming birds.

PMID- 3705370
TI  - Ovine enzootic abortion: field observations on naturally acquired and vaccine
      elicited delayed type hypersensitivity to Chlamydia psittaci (ovis).

PMID- 3705371
TI  - Presence of antibody cross-reacting with canine parvovirus in the sera of dogs
      from Greece.

PMID- 3705372
TI  - Genital leptospirosis in bulls.

PMID- 3705374
TI  - Influenza vaccination.

PMID- 3705373
TI  - Guidelines for the recognition and assessment of pain in animals. Prepared by a
      working party of the Association of Veterinary Teachers and Research Workers.
AB  - Despite some views to the contrary the working party of the Association of
      Veterinary Teachers and Research Workers considers that it has been demonstrated
      that it is possible to prepare guidelines for the recognition and assessment of
      pain in experimental animals. The detailed information readily available on
      species specific signs is limited and it has been particularly difficult to
      obtain such signs for the smaller mammals and for the non-mammalian species.

PMID- 3705375
TI  - Ringworm outbreak.

PMID- 3705376
TI  - PMV-1 and Newcastle disease virus in pigeons in Israel.

PMID- 3705377
TI  - Partridge deaths.

PMID- 3705378
TI  - Muting the bark.

PMID- 3705379
TI  - Deer slaughter.

PMID- 3705380
TI  - Forthcoming changes in the misuse of drugs legislation.
AB  - The effects of the new regulations on veterinary practice are minimal.
      Veterinarians are mainly concerned with drugs in schedules 2 and 3 to the
      regulations and the requirements relating to these drugs are virtually unchanged.
      Pentazocine (Fortral) has been added to schedule 3 and from April 1, 1986,
      veterinarians must comply with the following additional requirements with respect
      to this drug or any other in schedule 3: use of written requisition for purchase
      of supplies and the prescription requirements for controlled drugs. Further
      details of the legislation applying to the labelling and dispensing of medicinal
      products and the requirements relating to schedule 2 controlled drugs, can be
      found in 'Legislation Affecting The Veterinary Profession in the United Kingdom',
      4th edn (1984) Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons. For details of the
      legislation relating to schedule 3 drugs, see VR, December 22/29, 1984, p649.

PMID- 3705381
TI  - Making the most of colostrum at lambing.
AB  - Lambs require between 180 and 210 ml colostrum/kg bodyweight during the first 18
      hours after birth in order to provide sufficient fuel for heat production.
      Colostrum intakes of this order would usually provide enough immunoglobulins for
      protection against infections. Ewes which are well fed during late pregnancy
      produce more colostrum than their lambs need, those with singletons having enough
      for a second lamb, but in most underfed ewes the lamb's requirements for
      colostrum exceed the ewe's production. Colostrum can be readily obtained and
      stored for subsequent use. The yields are increased markedly when hand milking is
      preceded by an oxytocin injection, the intravenous dose being 5 iu and the
      suggested intramuscular dose being 10 to 15 iu. There is little practical benefit
      in milking ewes more than three times during the first 18 hours after birth.

PMID- 3705382
TI  - Behaviour of the false rig: causes and treatments.
AB  - The false rig is a castrated horse which shows masculine behaviour of one sort or
      another. The behaviour patterns reported to the author by owners of such animals
      and the possible causes are discussed here. Some such horses can show all the
      behaviour patterns of the entire, including erection and intromission. Evidence
      is presented that the behaviour is not hormonally induced or hormone dependent.
      The thesis is put forward that the behaviour shown is part of the normal social
      interaction between horses and possible treatments are discussed in the light of
      this possibility.

PMID- 3705383
TI  - Cavernosography and differential diagnosis of impotence in the bull.
AB  - A new indirect radiographic technique is described for the differential diagnosis
      of erectile impotence in the bull. Two cases of impotence have been investigated
      in this way. In the first, occlusion of the dorsal longitudinal canal of the
      corpus cavernosum penis in an 18-month-old Hereford bull was diagnosed. In the
      second, distal venous drainage of the corpus cavernosum penis was demonstrated in
      a five-year-old Hereford bull. Post mortem examination of the reproductive tract
      confirmed the diagnosis in each case.

PMID- 3705384
TI  - Incidence of entropion in lambs from two ewe flocks put to the same rams.

PMID- 3705385
TI  - Antibiotic resistance patterns of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from
      clinical bovine mastitis.

PMID- 3705386
TI  - Clinical problems in 'free range' layers.

PMID- 3705387
TI  - Cancer chemotherapy.

PMID- 3705389
TI  - Sales restrictions.

PMID- 3705388
TI  - Advertising and the profession.

PMID- 3705390
TI  - Anthelmintic drugs.

PMID- 3705392
TI  - Reactions to influenza vaccination.

PMID- 3705391
TI  - Antimicrobials in milk and meat.

PMID- 3705393
TI  - Vitamin B12 estimation in serum.

PMID- 3705394
TI  - Emergency treatment.

PMID- 3705395
TI  - Problems associated with the interpretation of the results of regional and intra
      articular anaesthesia in the horse.
AB  - The difficulties associated with the interpretation of the results of regional
      and intra-articular anaesthesia are discussed with reference to eight lame
      horses. The clinical and radiographic features of each horse are described,
      together with the results of anaesthesia. One horse had clinical and radiographic
      signs consistent with navicular disease but it was not possible to relieve the
      lameness. Two horses had fractures of bones within the foot but lameness was not
      improved by palmar (abaxial sesamoid) nerve blocks. One horse had more than one
      cause of lameness. Four horses had joint pathology but none responded to intra
      articular anaesthesia.

PMID- 3705397
TI  - Diffuse skeletal schwannoma in a dog.

PMID- 3705396
TI  - Avian paramyxovirus type 1 infection of racing pigeons: 5. Continued spread in
      1984.
AB  - The neurotropic disease of pigeons caused by a variant avian paramyxovirus type 1
      virus was confirmed in 866 lofts in Great Britain during 1984, in comparison with
      192 lofts during July to December 1983. The 1984 outbreaks were spread over 48
      counties in England and Wales and three regions in Scotland. The main methods of
      spread of disease in the 1984 outbreaks appeared to be similar to 1983 with 574
      of 866 probably resulting from contact with infected birds at, or travelling to,
      races or shows. In 791 of 866 (92.5 per cent) outbreaks in 1984 disease was seen
      only in unvaccinated birds. A further 61 (7 per cent) occurred in inadequately
      vaccinated birds or birds vaccinated after clinical signs appeared.

PMID- 3705398
TI  - A spermatozoal abnormality in dogs related to infertility.

PMID- 3705399
TI  - Advertising and equine practice.

PMID- 3705400
TI  - Adapting to changing attitudes towards food.

PMID- 3705401
TI  - Deer slaughter.

PMID- 3705402
TI  - Is there a surplus?

PMID- 3705403
TI  - Ringworm outbreak.

PMID- 3705404
TI  - Mycoplasma iowae from turkey phallus and semen.

PMID- 3705405
TI  - Reactions to equine influenza vaccination.

PMID- 3705406
TI  - Labelling of equine anthelmintics.

PMID- 3705407
TI  - Hip dysplasia or congenital subluxation.

PMID- 3705408
TI  - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: defining the syndrome.

PMID- 3705409
TI  - Hip scoring scheme: submit 'bad' as well as 'good'.

PMID- 3705410
TI  - A simple system for recording lamb mortality used to improve flock management.
AB  - Many commercial sheep farmers do not record either the extent or the causes of
      their lamb losses but this information is essential if losses are to be reduced
      in the future. The major causes of death in newborn lambs are reviewed together
      with the common predisposing factors. The development and practical application
      of a simple system for recording lamb deaths is described. It is concluded that
      the application of this type of system, initiated, supervised and interpreted by
      the farmer's own veterinary surgeon, would indicate how to reduce the losses of
      lambs and would be a useful component of any flock health scheme.

PMID- 3705411
TI  - Congenital malformation of the large colon causing colic in a horse.
AB  - An abnormal mesocolic attachment which resulted in a stellate malformation of the
      left colon adjacent to the pelvic flexure was suspected to be the cause of
      intermittent episodes of colic in a horse. Resection and side-to-side anastomosis
      of the large colon at the level of the sternal and diaphragmatic flexures was
      performed and the horse made an uneventful recovery from surgery. Only minor
      serum biochemical changes were observed in the initial postoperative period. The
      abnormal mesocolic attachment was probably a congenital anomaly.

PMID- 3705412
TI  - Studies on morbidity and mortality in the merlin (Falco columbarius).
AB  - Thirty-five merlins (Falco columbarius) were examined post mortem and 13
      clinically. Eleven of the latter were captive birds. In eight of the cases
      examined post mortem no diagnosis could be made but another eight died of a fatty
      liver-kidney syndrome. Other causes of death included enteritis/proventriculitis
      (three birds), coccidiosis (three) and septicaemia (two). A variety of incidental
      findings was noted, for example, parasites and non-fatal lesions. Of the 13
      clinical cases, five had bumblefoot and two each had fractures and reproductive
      failure. There were individual instances of other diseases. The merlin is
      declining in numbers in Britain and little is known of its susceptibility to
      disease or causes of mortality. Data on captive birds can provide valuable
      information in this respect.

PMID- 3705413
TI  - Effect of ligation of the bovine uterine tubes on absorption of intrauterine
      infusions of sodium benzylpenicillin.

PMID- 3705414
TI  - Cryotherapy of ulcerating lesions.

PMID- 3705415
TI  - Hereditary eye problems in the Japanese akita.

PMID- 3705416
TI  - Porcine bacterial flora.

PMID- 3705417
TI  - Reactions to influenza vaccination.

PMID- 3705418
TI  - ELISA in lungworm infection.

PMID- 3705419
TI  - Uterine prolapse in the cow.

PMID- 3705420
TI  - Resistance and immunity of dogs against Babesia canis in an endemic area.
AB  - Canine babesiosis is increasing in incidence and prevalence in some areas in
      France and is now a major problem for dogs. Sex and age do not have any influence
      on the animals' susceptibility to the disease. Some breeds are more resistant
      (Beagle, Fox terrier, Porcelain, Teckel, mongrel dogs) and others are more
      susceptible (Spaniel, Cocker, Griffon, Yorkshire terrier, Doberman, Pekinese);
      however, none of them is completely resistant. Dogs which live in endemic areas
      can synthesize antibodies against Babesia canis, sometimes at high levels,
      without any sign of disease.

PMID- 3705421
TI  - Parasite kinetics and immune responses in efferent prefemoral lymph draining skin
      reactions induced by tsetse-transmitted Trypanosoma congolense.
AB  - Localised skin reactions (chancres) occurred on the flanks of cattle at the sites
      of deposition by tsetse flies of metacyclic forms of Trypanosoma congolense.
      Marked enlargement of the draining prefemoral lymph nodes accompanied the
      development of the skin reactions. Lymph from these nodes was collected through
      polyethylene cannulae inserted into the efferent lymphatics, and examined for
      trypanosomes, cells and antibody content. Within 6-9 days after infected tsetse
      fly bite, trypanosomes were detected in the efferent lymph; this preceded their
      appearance in the blood by 3-6 days, indicating that the lymphatic system acted
      as a major route for the passage of trypanosomes from the skin into the
      bloodstream. Responses induced in the draining lymph node as a result of
      trypanosome migration included a 2-3-fold increase in the volume of lymph and up
      to a 10-fold increase in lymphocyte output, including blast lymphocytes and
      plasma cells. Neutralising antibodies to metacyclic trypanosomes were detected in
      lymph and serum by Day 14 after infection, although in 2 out of 4 animals
      investigated, they were not demonstrated in serum until Day 18. Trypanosomes were
      also found in small numbers in efferent lymph of the prefemoral lymph node on the
      flank contralateral to the infected tsetse bites after development of
      parasitaemia. Increases in lymph flow and cellular output occurred about the same
      time in the ipsilateral and the contralateral efferent lymphatics, but were
      significantly less in the latter. Homologous challenge of immunised calves with
      tsetse-transmitted parasites revealed that trypanosomes were eliminated at the
      level of the skin or within the draining lymph node, as no parasites were
      detected in efferent lymph.

PMID- 3705422
TI  - Peripheral androgen levels in peripuberal rams infected with Fasciola hepatica.
AB  - Three-month-old, Polled Dorset rams infected with Fasciola hepatica and
      uninfected control rams were monitored throughout the peripuberal phase for
      peripheral concentrations of testosterone and for body weight. No differences
      between groups occurred in these measurements from early spring to mid-autumn.
      However, the infected postpuberal rams demonstrated a reduced ability to remove
      exogenous testosterone from the circulation. Liver damage induced by moderate
      infections of flukes apparently impairs hepatic catabolism of this steroid but
      compensatory mechanisms appear to maintain circulating levels comparable to those
      of uninfected rams.

PMID- 3705423
TI  - Parasite transmission in confined hogs.
AB  - Examinations of fecal specimens from swine of all ages maintained in a totally
      enclosed confinement facility in south Georgia were conducted in a 5-year survey
      (1977-1981) to determine the prevalence, intensity, and transmission patterns of
      intestinal nematode and protozoan parasites. Weaned pigs in the nursery had no
      detectable parasitic infections except sporadic Isospora suis in newly weaned
      pigs. Growing-finishing hogs had a low prevalence of Ascaris suum,
      Oesophagostomum spp. and Balantidium suis. Mean A. suum prevalence and mean eggs
      per gram feces (EPG) increased until about 200 days of age and then declined.
      Oesophagostomum spp. and B. suis prevalence and intensity tended to increase
      throughout life. Gilts (mean age 273 days) in the gestation unit had a higher (P
      less than 0.01) prevalence of A. suum and lower (P less than 0.01) prevalences of
      Oesophagostomum spp. and B. suis than sows (mean age 706 days). Similarly, A.
      suum EPG was higher (P less than 0.01) and Oesophagostomum spp. EPG and B. suis
      cysts per gram feces (CPG) were lower (P less than 0.01) in gilts than in sows.
      No evidence for a peri-parturient increase in parasite eggs or cysts was found.
      Instead, there was a higher prevalence of B. suis (P less than 0.01) in gestating
      than in lactating animals and more lactating sows than gestating sows were
      negative for parasites (P less than 0.01). Apparent differences due to location
      (gestation unit or farrowing unit) were largely attributable to age differences.
      Trichuris suis infections were rare and not shown to be established in the herd.
      Strongyloides ransomi in suckling piglets was controlled by anthelmintic therapy.
      I. suis occurred in piglets throughout the study but was never found in sows in
      the farrowing unit, either before or after birth of a subsequently infected
      litter of piglets. No parasites requiring intermediate hosts occurred.

PMID- 3705424
TI  - Estimation of uptake of digestive tract strongyle larvae from pasture, using
      oesophagus fistulated sheep.
AB  - Three Merino of Arles ewes fistulated at the oesophagus were used in autumn and
      spring in order to assess their larval uptake on infected irrigated pasture. The
      rate of transmission (ingested/available larvae of digestive tract strongyle) was
      low when the pasture was heavily infected; it was not otherwise modified by
      environmental factors.

PMID- 3705425
TI  - Proceedings of the Third International Immunoparasitology Symposium. Lincoln, NE,
      U.S.A., 19-21 June 1985.

PMID- 3705426
TI  - Separation of parasite antigens by molecular exclusion, anion exchange, and
      chromatofocusing utilizing FPLC protein fractionation systems.
AB  - Excretory-secretory products (ESP) were harvested from balanced salt solutions in
      which adult Fasciola hepatica had been incubated for 4-6 h at 37 degrees C. The
      ESP was fractionated by standard low pressure molecular exclusion chromatography
      and FPLC (fast protein liquid chromatography) using the principles of molecular
      exclusion, anion exchange, and chromatofocusing. The dot-enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (Dot-ELISA) was used to demonstrate the immunoreactivity of
      eluted fractions. Compared to Sephacryl S-200, separation by Superose-6 (FPLC)
      was faster and resolved more peaks (four with Sephacryl S-200 and nine with
      Superose-6). Peaks from Sephacryl S-200 were resolved by the first anion exchange
      (Mono Q) separation into seven peaks; when these peaks were subjected to a second
      anion exchange, 15 peaks were resolved. Thirty-eight peaks were resolved by
      chromatofocusing (Mono P) in the pH range 7-4. Immunoreactive fractions from
      narrow-range (single pH unit) chromatofocusing were identified by the Dot-ELISA.
      The FPLC system proved to be a means of rapid and high resolution separation of
      F. hepatica antigens.

PMID- 3705427
TI  - Application of chemi- and bioluminescence in studies of immunological reactions
      against protozoa.
AB  - The opsonization and lysis of different protozoa by antibodies and/or complement
      was followed using luminol-dependent chemiluminescence and bioluminescence. The
      addition of immune serum to variable antigen type populations of Trypanosoma
      evansi led to the specific opsonization of trypanosomes resulting in an intense
      metabolic activation and chemiluminescence response of phagocytic cells. In
      comparison to those of uninfected control mice, the phagocytosis of coccidia
      merozoites by spleen cells from mice infected with Eimeria falciformis was
      enhanced during the acute stage of a primary infection. Opsonizing activity was
      demonstrated in phosphate-buffered saline extracts of gut contents of mice
      infected for 10 days. The incubation of E. falciformis merozoites together with
      guinea-pig complement resulted in slow lysis of the cells. The addition of mouse
      serum collected greater than 6 days after an infection led to an accelerated
      lysis of the merozoites, indicating the appearance of complement-fixing
      antibodies in the serum. Heat-inactivated immune serum alone had no lysing
      activity on merozoites. In the presence of complement, bovine lymphoblastoid
      cells infected with Theileria annulata were lysed by anti-lymphoblastoid cell
      serum raised in mice but not by serum from cattle which had developed immunity to
      Theileria annulata.

PMID- 3705428
TI  - Host--parasite relationship in cysticercosis: immunologic study in different
      compartments of the host.
AB  - Cysticerci parasitize several mammalian species, including man, in which the
      parasitic disease shows unique characteristics since cysticerci are established
      mainly in immunologically privileged sites and can survive for many years. The
      study of the human immune response to cysticerci is helpful in diagnosis and
      could perhaps also aid in preventing or curing the disease. Anti-cysticercus IgG
      can be detected in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of almost all patients
      with neurocysticercosis, by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA);
      antibodies of the other classes are found less frequently. Antibodies react with
      up to eight Taenia solium cysticercus antigens, mainly with antigen B. This
      antigen has an affinity for collagen and is not commonly found in the CSF. It
      could therefore be participating in vasculitic processes spotted in the brain of
      neurocysticercotic patients. Immunoglobulins are also identified on the surface
      of the parasites: IgG is detected on parasites obtained from various tissues;
      IgM, IgA and IgE mostly on extracerebral cysticerci. We discuss the possibility
      of extraneural cysticerci being destroyed by the immune response of the host
      whereas natural aging may cause brain cysticerci death.

PMID- 3705429
TI  - The mycoflora and some mycotoxins found in maize (Zea mays) in the Plateau State
      of Nigeria.
AB  - Mouldy maize samples were collected at three periods of the year (Dry harmattan
      period, November-February; hot and dry period, March-May; and hot humid and wet
      period, June-September) from local government areas of Plateau State of Nigeria.
      They were screened for their mycoflora, aflatoxins, ochratoxin A and zearalenone
      contents. Fusarium spp were the commonest fungi found in maize during the dry
      harmattan and hot and dry periods and Neurospora spp were the commonest fungi
      found during the hot, humid and wet period. The highest level of aflatoxin was
      found in samples from Langtang (B1 = 960, B2 = 544 micrograms/kg) and the highest
      level of zearalenone was found in samples from Jos and Langtang areas (17,500
      micrograms/kg). The highest level of ochratoxin was found in the field samples
      from the Jos area (150 micrograms/kg).

PMID- 3705430
TI  - Selenium determination by Zeeman atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

PMID- 3705431
TI  - Prescription drug ingestions in children: whose drug?

PMID- 3705432
TI  - Electric field--biological systems interaction applied to animals and man.

PMID- 3705433
TI  - The Pittsburgh Poison Center and its member hospital network.
AB  - When a poison information call involves a case that requires medical
      intervention, the staff of poison information specialists refer the poisoned
      patient to the emergency department of the nearest member hospital. This
      regionalization of treatment involving poison exposures eliminates the necessity
      of having an emergent patient rushed long distances to receive prompt and
      effective care. Facsimile terminals provide an efficacious method of enhancing
      communication of toxicology information to our member hospital treatment centers.
      A poison center is able to electronically transmit copies of written documents
      such as newly published journal articles or treatment protocols directly to the
      emergency department of the treating hospital. In turn, the facsimile terminal
      can confidentially transmit a copy of a poisoned victim's emergency record to the
      poison center. Data collection and documentation is strengthened. Transmission
      and receiving is accomplished within minutes.

PMID- 3705434
TI  - An extensive review of commercial product labels the good, bad and ugly.
AB  - Cautions and warnings on consumer products play an important role in the
      prevention and treatment of poison exposures. Frequently those exposed will
      follow the directions before calling the poison center, physician or emergency
      room. An extensive label review of 200 commercial products was conducted to
      determine if medical treatment advice was correct, if the general public was able
      to comprehend warning statements, and if warnings were adequate. We conclude
      there are products available that provide precise, correct information. However,
      there are many that contain incorrect, misleading, and often dangerous
      information to an unsuspecting public. Various examples of both types are given
      to make the poison information specialist aware of what information is presented.

PMID- 3705436
TI  - Three cases of acute zinc toxicosis in dogs.

PMID- 3705435
TI  - Effects of various levels of dietary selenium on hybro-type chicks.
AB  - Sodium selenite was fed in the diet in concentrations of 3, 1 and 0.50 ppm to
      hybro-type chicks for 4 weeks from the age of 7 d. The chemical's effects on
      growth and tissues were investigated. One and 3 ppm dietary levels of selenium
      caused depression of growth, fatty change, focal necrosis, congestion of the
      sinusoids and slight fibroplasia in the liver, congestion and degeneration and/or
      necrosis of the cells of the proximal renal tubules and of the cardiac muscle
      fibers and hemorrhage in the thigh and breast. These changes were accompanied by
      an increase in the activity of sorbitol and glutamic dehydrogenases (SDH and GDH)
      and in the concentration of potassium, and a decrease in the levels of total
      protein, calcium and zinc in the serum. Susceptibility to hemorrhage and damage
      to kidneys and liver persisted for 3 weeks after the test diet was withdrawn. One
      half of 1 ppm-selenite meal produced no adverse effects on the chicks.

PMID- 3705437
TI  - A perspective on gossypol ingestion in swine.
AB  - Cottonseed meal has been used for many years as a protein supplement in animal
      rations. Due to a polyphenol pigment, gossypol, present in cottonseed meal, its
      use for swine has been limited. The tolerance of gossypol for monogastric animals
      depends upon age and species with older animals being less sensitive than younger
      animals. Swine are highly susceptible to gossypol poisoning, and signs commonly
      develop after one or more months of consumption. The use of iron salts in the
      ration appears to be antidotal, and lysine supplementation of gossypol containing
      diets appears to improve gain. Reproductive performance can also be affected,
      including reduced conception and litter size. New extraction methodologies are
      being developed to reduce the amount of gossypol in cottonseed meal.

PMID- 3705438
TI  - Genesee Region Poison Prevention Project: phase II.

PMID- 3705439
TI  - A review of zinc phosphide poisoning.

PMID- 3705440
TI  - Inebriation with pyridoxine and fluoroacetate: a case report.

PMID- 3705441
TI  - Use of drug imprints.

PMID- 3705442
TI  - Decrease of serum zinc levels after administration of semicarbazide.

PMID- 3705443
TI  - Hemagglutination with rhabdoviruses related to bovine ephemeral fever virus.
AB  - Three different bovine ephemeral fever group viruses were tested for
      hemagglutination (HA). One of them, Tortilla Flat virus (CSIRO 368), agglutinated
      erythrocytes from geese, pigeons, horses, hamsters, mice and guinea-pigs when the
      concentrated infectious culture fluid was used as a hemagglutinin. The HA was
      dependent on the pH of phosphate buffered saline used as the erythrocyte diluent
      when using borate buffered saline (pH 9.0) with 0.4% bovine serum albumin as the
      antigen diluent. The optimal pH of the phosphate buffer was from 5.2 to 5.8. The
      HA, however, was not dependent on salt concentration. The incubation temperature
      did not affect the HA titer significantly. This HA reaction was inhibited by
      serotype specific antiserum.

PMID- 3705444
TI  - Suppression of heat-stable enterotoxin production by Yersinia spp. in milk.
AB  - One of 16 raw milk isolates of Yersinia enterocolitica and Y. intermedia produced
      heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) in milk at 25 degrees C but not at 4 degrees C after
      21 days of incubation. A catabolite repression of ST synthesis by the lactose
      fermenting strain of Y. enterocolitica was observed when 4.6% lactose was added
      to trypticase soy broth. However, the lactose-fermenting strain was killed by
      acid produced by lactose fermentation in milk and did not produce ST in milk with
      the pH adjusted to neutrality. This study suggested that lactose and fat in milk
      are not the fundamental inhibitors of ST synthesis by Y. enterocolitica and that
      repression of ST synthesis may be related to other components.

PMID- 3705445
TI  - Variable sensitivity of a feline embryo cell line and of three kitten kidney cell
      cultures to feline herpes- and caliciviruses.
AB  - The number of plaques produced in a feline embryo (FEmb) cell line and in three
      independently derived kitten kidney (KK) cell cultures varied in a consistent and
      reproducible manner when each was inoculated with the same number of feline
      herpesvirus 1 (FHV1) plaque forming units (PFU); the three KK cells produced 2-9
      times more plaques than FEmb cells. One of the three KK cells produced FHV1
      plaques that were smaller in diameter than those FEmb cells. Each of the three KK
      cell cultures inoculated with the same number of FEmb cell PFU of a strain of
      feline calicivirus (FCV) produced different numbers of plaques; two of the three
      KK cell cultures produced 2-3 times more plaques than FEmb cells. The plaque
      diameter of FCV in the three KK cells was 30-50% smaller than the plaque diameter
      in FEmb cells.

PMID- 3705446
TI  - Comparative characteristics of Staphylococcus sciuri, Staphylococcus lentus and
      Staphylococcus gallinarum isolated from healthy and sick hosts.
AB  - Of 136 strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from healthy and sick
      human beings, goats, sheep, antelope and other animals, 88 (64.7%) were
      Staphylococcus sciuri and 35 (25.7%) were S. lentus and the remainder
      Staphylococcus gallinarum. The strains of S. sciuri were isolated from humans
      with boils and wounds, goats with pestes des petits ruminants (PPR) and dogs with
      nasal discharge. One isolate of S. gallinarum came from a fowl with chronic
      respiratory disease and 11 others were isolated from goats. The characteristics
      of S. sciuri, S. lentus and S. gallinarum isolated from different sources were
      similar.

PMID- 3705447
TI  - Antibody response in calves experimentally or naturally exposed to Mycoplasma
      bovoculi.
AB  - An antiglobulin-ELISA has been developed to detect antibody activity to
      Mycoplasma bovoculi in sera, nasal fluids and lacrimal fluids of field and
      experimentally exposed calves. Low IgG activity with no IgM or IgA was detected
      in sera of experimental calves. In nasal and lacrimal fluids, IgA appeared as
      early as the first week following exposure to M. bovoculi and predominated in
      both of these fluids throughout the 9 wk observation period. Sera from field
      exposed animals showed high IgG and IgM activities. The metabolic-inhibition (MI)
      test was applied to detect growth inhibition of M. bovoculi in those fluids. This
      property was found only in sera of exposed animals and thus could be used to test
      for M. bovoculi infection. The ELISA test and the MI test were considered
      reliable tests for the detection of antibodies to M. bovoculi infection. The
      implications of finding no growth-inhibiting activity in nasal and lacrimal
      fluids concurrent with a high IgA activity are discussed.

PMID- 3705448
TI  - [Roentgenodiagnosis of lung injuries in severe closed chest trauma].

PMID- 3705449
TI  - [Processing of roentgen images of small spheroidal lesions of the lungs using
      linear filtration].

PMID- 3705450
TI  - [Features of the clinico-roentgenologic picture of acute pneumonia in chronic
      alcoholics].

PMID- 3705451
TI  - [Roentgenologic study of the lungs in patients with strangulation asphyxia].

PMID- 3705452
TI  - [Roentgenofunctional symptomocomplex of respiratory disorders in tumors of the
      neck with involvement of the vagus nerve in the process].

PMID- 3705453
TI  - [Roentgenologic diagnosis of pulmonary veins anomalously draining into the
      inferior vena cava].

PMID- 3705454
TI  - [Technic of contact duodenography in children].

PMID- 3705455
TI  - [Expanding the possibilities for percutaneous transhepatic roentgenoendobiliary
      and angiographic interventions].

PMID- 3705456
TI  - [Experience in using highly detailed roentgenography of the hands and feet].

PMID- 3705457
TI  - [Role of modern fluorography in detecting cancer of the stomach during the
      conduct of mass screening of the population].

PMID- 3705458
TI  - [Various current problems in roentgenopulmonology].

PMID- 3705459
TI  - [Pancreatic cyst penetrating the mediastinum].

PMID- 3705460
TI  - [Diagnostic possibilities of computer tomography in pathology of the
      mediastinum].

PMID- 3705461
TI  - [Case of corrected transposition of the aorta and pulmonary artery associated
      with multiple defects of the interventricular septum].

PMID- 3705462
TI  - [Duplication of the stomach and duodenum in children].

PMID- 3705463
TI  - [Roentgenologic picture of penetrating ulcer of the duodenal bulb].

PMID- 3705465
TI  - Concatemeric forms of intracellular Tupaia herpesvirus DNA.
AB  - Kinetics of Tupaia herpesvirus strain 2 (THV-2) DNA synthesis was measured by
      labeling with radioactive thymidine and determining the amount of newly
      synthesized DNA. Viral DNA synthesis reached a maximum between 24 to 36 hr
      postinfection, preceded by a transient stimulation of host cell DNA synthesis.
      Blot hybridizations of labeled recombinant plasmids harboring inserts of both
      genomic termini of THV-2 and of individual viral terminal DNA fragments to DNA of
      virus-infected cells and combined restriction enzyme analysis of labeled
      intracellular viral DNA revealed the presence of linear concatemeric and/or
      circular viral DNA molecules.

PMID- 3705464
TI  - Fate of influenza A virion proteins after entry into subcellular fractions of LLC
      cells and the effect of amantadine.
AB  - Influenza A virus entry into the host cell was studied by monitoring the fate of
      virion proteins in subcellular fractions of LLC-RMK2 cells under conditions of
      low multiplicity of infection in the absence of drugs. Adsorption but not entry
      could be demonstrated at 4 degrees. Restricted entry into a prelysosomal pool
      could be demonstrated at 20 degrees. At 37 degrees proteins entered the cell in
      the same relative distribution as present in virions arguing against the fusion
      hypothesis and for the endocytosis hypothesis. The hemagglutinin and matrix
      proteins were readily degraded intracellularly at 37 degrees, but the
      nucleoprotein was relatively resistant to degradation, also consistent with the
      latter hypothesis. Amantadine blocked neither entry into the host cell nor
      transfer between the prelysosomal and lysosomal compartments; however, it
      appeared to block exit from the prelysosomal and lysosomal pools. The addition of
      the drug reduced degradation of the matrix protein in these pools but not of the
      hemagglutinin, consistent with inhibition by amantadine of fusion of virion
      envelope and vesicle membrane.

PMID- 3705466
TI  - The effect of loss of regulation of minus-strand RNA synthesis on Sindbis virus
      replication.
AB  - During the replication cycle of Sindbis virus minus-strand synthesis stops
      normally at the time that plus-strand synthesis reaches a maximum rate. We have
      isolated and characterized revertants of ts24, a member of the A complementation
      group of Sindbis HR mutants, that we had demonstrated previously to have a
      temperature-sensitive defect in the regulation of minus-strand synthesis. These
      revertants of ts24 replicated efficiently at 40 degrees but nevertheless retained
      the temperature sensitive defect in the regulation of minus-strand synthesis:
      they continued to synthesize minus strands late in the replication cycle at 40
      degrees but not at 30 degrees and in the presence or absence of protein
      synthesis. Although failure to regulate the synthesis of minus strands resulted
      in continuous minus-strand synthesis and in the accumulation of minus strands,
      the rate of plus-strand synthesis was not increased concertedly. Minus strands
      synthesized after the rate of plus-strand synthesis had become constant were
      demonstrated to be utilized as templates for 26 S mRNA synthesis. Thus, the
      change from an increasing to a constant rate of plus-strand synthesis during the
      alphavirus replication cycle cannot be governed solely by the number of minus
      strands that accumulate in infected cells. We present a model for the
      preferential utilization of minus strands as a mechanism for the cessation of
      minus-strand synthesis that occurs normally during alphavirus replication.

PMID- 3705467
TI  - Americans needing home care.

PMID- 3705468
TI  - [Principles of conservative therapy of patients with cranio-cerebral injuries].

PMID- 3705469
TI  - [Current possibilities of replantation microsurgery].

PMID- 3705470
TI  - [New classification of injuries of the maxillofacial region].

PMID- 3705471
TI  - [Diagnostic possibilities of computerized tomography in non-neoplastic diseases
      of the spinal cord].

PMID- 3705472
TI  - [Etiological structure of acute respiratory diseases in organized groups].

PMID- 3705473
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of electromagnetic fields created by radar].

PMID- 3705474
TI  - [Physical development and work capacity of students during training].

PMID- 3705475
TI  - [Control of the work capacity of pilots by the psychosomatic autoregulation
      method].

PMID- 3705476
TI  - [Characteristics of sanitary control of the water supply on ships].

PMID- 3705477
TI  - [Activities of the hyperbaric oxygenation department in a branch medical
      battallion].

PMID- 3705478
TI  - [The use of indicators of protein metabolism in the differential diagnosis of
      joint diseases].

PMID- 3705479
TI  - [Surgical tactics in hand injuries].

PMID- 3705480
TI  - [Prevention of shock in severe mechanical trauma].

PMID- 3705481
TI  - [Use of immunostimulators in the treatment of inflammatory processes in the
      maxillofacial region].

PMID- 3705483
TI  - [Health promotion in military sanatoria and recreation centers].

PMID- 3705482
TI  - [Activities of the mobile stomatological unit].

PMID- 3705484
TI  - [Organization of resuscitation services in hospital cardiological departments
      using the network planning method].

PMID- 3705485
TI  - [Current problems in the development of sanatorium-health resort services].

PMID- 3705486
TI  - [Features of the adaptation of patients with different hemodynamic varieties of
      essential hypertension during sanatorium-health resort treatment on the south
      shore of the Krimea].

PMID- 3705487
TI  - [Changes in blood viscosity and central hemodynamics in patients with essential
      hypertension during treatment with sulfide baths].

PMID- 3705488
TI  - [Decimeter range waves and nitrogen baths in the treatment of essential
      hypertension].

PMID- 3705489
TI  - [Role of prolonged bicycle ergometric training in the ambulatory treatment of
      essential hypertension].

PMID- 3705490
TI  - [Tolerance of physical loading in patients with essential hypertension during
      sanatorium treatment].

PMID- 3705491
TI  - [Features of hemodynamic and electrocardiographic shifts in acute myocardial
      infarct patients during therapeutic gymnastics at the hospital stage of
      rehabilitation].

PMID- 3705492
TI  - [Treatment of microhemocirculatory disorders in parodontitis using decimeter
      range microwaves].

PMID- 3705493
TI  - [Results of health resort treatment of women with chronic inflammation of the
      adnexae and uterine myoma].

PMID- 3705494
TI  - [Status of humoral and cellular immunity during complex treatment using
      acupuncture of patients with exacerbations of chronic nonspecific salpingo
      oophoritis].

PMID- 3705495
TI  - [Features of the rehabilitation of patients with deforming coxarthrosis and
      aseptic necrosis of the head of the femur after reconstructive surgery].

PMID- 3705496
TI  - [Sanitary-microbiologic criteria for evaluating areas of water and shoreline
      strips of beaches].

PMID- 3705497
TI  - [Evaluation of the relation between uricosuria and hydroxyproline excretion in
      patients with ischemic heart disease in the period of early rehabilitation at a
      sanatorium].

PMID- 3705498
TI  - [Effect of radon therapy on the blood clotting system of children with rheumatic
      heart].

PMID- 3705499
TI  - [Results of research within the context of a complex program of study of the
      sanatorium-health resort treatment of persons with diseases of the cardiovascular
      system].

PMID- 3705500
TI  - [Use of sodium hydroxybutyrate electrophoresis in the complex treatment of lumbar
      osteochondrosis].

PMID- 3705501
TI  - [Determination of radium emanation in radon generators].

PMID- 3705502
TI  - [Physical exercise in late-middle and old age].

PMID- 3705503
TI  - [Registration, book-keeping and management of documentation in a physical therapy
      department (office)].

PMID- 3705504
TI  - [Mechanism of action of piracetam on NADH oxidation via the external pathway in
      rat liver mitochondria].
AB  - Activation of the external pathway (amytalantimycine A-resistant) of the
      exogenous NADH oxidation was studied in rat liver mitochondria after long-term
      (within 6 days) administration of pyracetame. Stimulation of lipid peroxidation
      and a decrease in viscosity of mitochondrial membranes accompanied the increase
      in the rate of oxygen consumption in mitochondria in presence of the exogenous
      NADH, amytal and antimycine A.

PMID- 3705505
TI  - [Oxidation of p-nitrobenzylamine and p-dimethylaminomethylbenzylamine by amine
      oxidases from the human placenta and serum].
AB  - Oxidation of p-nitro- and p-dimethylaminomethyl derivatives of benzylamine,
      catalyzed by amine oxidases from human placenta and blood serum, was studied. The
      amine oxidase activity was estimated by means of a spectrophotometric procedure
      involving measurement of aldehyde formed during the reaction after extraction
      with hexane. For extraction of benzaldehyde and p-nitrobenzaldehyde in the
      samples HCl was added up to the concentration of 0.17 M and for extraction of p
      dimethylaminomethyl benzaldehyde--NaHCO3 up to the 0.5 M concentration. The
      reaction products were extracted with a yield of 94%, 83% and 78% respectively;
      molar extinction coefficients for aldehydes at the maximal absorption were equal
      to 13,080 (241 mn), 16,520 (258 nm), and 11,547 (248 nm), respectively. Analysis
      of the oxidative reactions using inhibitors Lilly 51,641, deprenyl,
      aminoguanidine and semicarbazide showed that monoamine oxidase of the A type
      (95%) and benzylamine oxidase (7%) catalyzed oxidation of 0.1 mM p
      nitrobenzylamine in mitochondria and microsomes but oxidation of the substrate at
      1 mM concentration was catalyzed by monoamine oxidase of the B type (20% in
      mitochondria and 35% in microsomes). In the soluble fraction oxidation of p
      nitrobenzylamine was catalyzed mainly by diamine oxidase (55%); monoamine oxidase
      of the A type catalyzed oxidation of 30% of the amine, benzylamine oxidase-15%.
      The molecular activity of the mitochondrial monoamine oxidase of the A type with
      p-nitrobenzylamine as a substrate was equal to 61 nmol of the product per 1 mole
      of the enzyme per 1 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3705506
TI  - [Effect of various conditions on the stability of DNA-methylases from
      Mycobacterium smegmatis butyricum cells].
AB  - DNA-methylases from M. sm. butyricum, produced by means of isoelectrofocusing,
      were characterized by slow spontaneous variations in the activity with amplitude
      of 75-80% under conditions of storage in glycerol at -10 degrees. Effect of
      various conditions on stabilization of activity of adenine methylases MMbu4,2 and
      MMbu7,2 was studied. Alterations in the enzymatic activity were not found in
      presence of substances applied usually to stabilize the enzymes, blood serum
      albumin and cations of two valent metals as the values of the alterations
      occurred in the ranges of the enzyme activity variations.

PMID- 3705507
TI  - [Activity of enzymes of xenobiotic metabolism in the liver of rats with vitamin A
      deficiency and mycotoxicosis T-2].
AB  - Keeping male rats within a month on a ration deficient in vitamin A led to a
      distinct decrease in content of cytochrome P-450, in activities of carboxylase,
      epoxide hydrolase, aniline hydrolase and to a slight inhibition of UDP
      glucuronosyl transferase in live tissue. At the same time, activity of
      glutathione transferase and content of reduced glutathione in liver tissue were
      increased. After administration of the epoxide-containing T-2 mycotoxin into rats
      within 10 days at a dose of 0.54 mg/kg activity of the enzymes catalyzing
      metabolism of xenobiotics was inhibited in the animals maintained on the complete
      half-synthetic ration, except of epoxide hydrolase and glutathione transferase,
      activity of which was elevated. The administration of T-2 toxin under conditions
      of deficiency in vitamin A caused especially distinct inhibition of the enzymes
      involved in the 1 phase of xenobiotic metabolism but it was accompanied by only
      slight increase in T-2 toxicosis. The enzymes participating in conjugation of
      xenobiotics as well as epoxide hydrolase appear to play major roles in
      detoxication of T-2 mycotoxin.

PMID- 3705509
TI  - [Current problems in the integration of the teaching of bio-organic and
      biological chemistry in medical schools].

PMID- 3705508
TI  - [Biospecific electrophoresis--a new method for the study of glycosaminoglycans].
AB  - Electrophoretic precipitation of complexes containing glycoseaminoglycans and
      group-specific precipitinogens (cetyl pyridinium chloride, cetyl
      trimethylammonium bromide, rivanol) is described. Promising application of the
      method as well as its dissimilarities as compared with the other types of
      biospecific electrophoresis (immunoelectrophoresis and affinity electrophoresis
      involving lectins) are discussed.

PMID- 3705510
TI  - [Ethanol and malondialdehyde levels and activity of ethanol-oxidizing system in
      the serum of patients with alcoholism treated with teturamin].
AB  - 222 patients with chronic alcoholism (the second step of the disease) at the
      state of abstination and in the period of alcohol consumption were studied. In
      the course of treatment the patients received about 0.5 g of teturam per day
      within 4 months. In blood serum of the patients content of ethanol, malonic
      dialdehyde and activity of ethanol-oxidizing system (EOS) were estimated. In
      practically healthy persons, consuming no ethanol, no activity of EOS was noted
      as a rule. But in the patients with chronic alcoholism activity of EOS was 100
      fold increased with simultaneous elevation in ethanol and malonic dialdehyde
      content in blood serum. After treatment with teturam content of ethanol, malonic
      dialdehyde and, especially, activity of the EOS were decreased in blood of the
      patients. After the treatment during 4 months activity of EOS was still
      distinctly higher in the patients than in healthy persons.

PMID- 3705511
TI  - [Therapeutic effect of parlodel in resistant depressions and its relation to the
      effect of dopamine metabolism].
AB  - Effect of dopamine agonist Parlodel in treatment of different types of
      depressions was investigated. Parlodel was found to have an antidepressant action
      which enabled to cure some resistant forms of the disease. The positive
      therapeutic effect of Parlodel resulted in normalization of dopamine metabolism.
      The drug can be used for treatment of depressions accompanied by dopamine
      deficiency and resistant to therapy.

PMID- 3705512
TI  - [Properties of muscle glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in rabbits with Brown
      Pearce carcinoma].
AB  - Specific activity of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, estimated in direct and
      reverse reactions, was decreased, as compared with normal state, without any
      alterations in the ratio of activities, in muscle homogenates of rabbits with
      Brown-Pearce carcinoma. The enzymatic activity was decreased by an order of
      magnitude in homogenates of the tumor as compared with muscle homogenates of the
      tumor-bearing animals simultaneously with relative stimulation of the reverse
      reaction. Specific activity of the crystalline enzyme from muscles of tumor
      bearing animals was decreased as compared with normal tissues but the ratio of
      activities was 2-fold increased due to the reverse reaction. In the carcinoma
      activity of one of the three enzyme fractions, obtained after isoelectrofocusing,
      was similar to the control values; in the second fraction the ratio of activities
      was decreased due to inhibition of the direct reaction, the third fraction was
      inactive. Amino acid composition of crystalline glycerol-3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase, isolated from tumor-bearing animals, was different in content of 5
      amino acids from the enzyme amino acid composition of controls, thus suggesting
      the structural differences of the proteins from these fractions.

PMID- 3705513
TI  - [Aldehyde dehydrogenase isoenzymes in the rat liver and their role in alcohol
      preference].
AB  - Isoenzymatic spectrum of aldehyde dehydrogenase (AIDH) has been studied in the
      liver of rats of both sexes. The absence or presence of the fourth isoenzyme of
      AIDH is apparently an indicator of predisposition of rats to ethanol consumption.

PMID- 3705514
TI  - [Amine oxidase activity and blood serotonin levels in cancer of the gastro
      intestinal tract and lung].
AB  - Activity of amine oxidase less than using serotonin as a substrate greater than
      and content of serotonin were studied in blood of healthy persons and in patients
      with carcinoma of stomach, intestine and lung at the III-IV steps of the disease.
      In the patients with carcinoma of gastrointestinal tract the amine oxidase
      activity was decreased 2-fold and in the patients with carcinoma of lung it was
      decreased 4-fold as compared with controls. At the same time, content of
      serotonin was increased both in blood plasma and in blood platelets of the
      patients. The increase in content of serotonin depends on localization of the
      tumors.

PMID- 3705515
TI  - [Glutathione reductase and glutathione S-aryltransferase in the rat liver
      depending upon the glutathione level].
AB  - After a decrease of protein in rations of rats content of total glutathione was
      decreased in liver tissue, whereas the glutathione reductase activity was
      increased in liver cell cytosol. The glutathione reductase activation occurred
      due to an increase in the enzyme affinity to the substrate. In the rations
      containing 15%, 10% and 5% of protein the apparent Km values of the glutathione
      reductase reaction in liver cytosol constituted 91 microM, 74 microM and 50
      microM, respectively. The glutathione-S-aryltransferase activity was decreased in
      liver tissue only under conditions of a distinct protein deficiency.

PMID- 3705516
TI  - [Polyamine levels of the blood of healthy persons].
AB  - A fraction content of free and conjugated polyamines was studied in whole blood
      of 70 practically healthy persons. Spermine and spermidine were mainly found
      among the polyamines with some quantitative predominance of the latter.
      Putrescine was not observed in blood or its amount was not detected by means of
      spectrophotometry. The data obtained suggest that the free and conjugated
      polyamines should be studied simultaneously.

PMID- 3705517
TI  - [Primary structure and species specificity of immunopoietins].
AB  - A model involving quasicyclization of protein molecules following the stepwise
      reactions of limited proteolysis was developed. On the basis of the model new
      active sites were detected in immunoglobulins of various species as well as
      chemical synthesis of the sites was carried out. The new group of the substances
      was designated as immunopoietins. The primary structure of various species
      immunoglobulins was analyzed and evolutional stability of the immunopoietin
      structure was shown.

PMID- 3705518
TI  - [Complex-formation of heparin with the plasma diabetogenic factor].
AB  - Development of complexes between diabetogenic factor and heparin was shown to be
      responsible for effective neutralization of the factor activity. The complexes of
      heparin and the diabetogenic factor were obtained when various rations of the
      reagents were used; properties of the complexes were studied. The complexes
      produced, in the ratios of heparin/diabetogenic factor 1:1, 1:3, 1:6, 1:12, did
      not exhibit the nonenzymatic fibrinolytic activity.

PMID- 3705519
TI  - [Characteristics of fatty acid composition of phosphatidyl cholines and
      sphingomyelins of low-density lipoproteins in the plasma of native inhabitants of
      Chukotka].
AB  - Contents of cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoproteins (HDL)
      cholesterol as well as phospholipid and fatty acid compositions of phosphatidyl
      cholines and sphingomyelins in low density lipoproteins (LDL) were studied in
      blood plasma of Chukot aborigenes--Eskimos as compared with Moscow inhabitants.
      In Eskimos content of HDL cholesterol was higher but concentration of cholesterol
      and triglycerides was lower in blood plasma. In LDL concentration of
      sphingomyelins was increased and fatty acid composition of phosphatidyl cholines
      and sphingomyelins was altered where amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids was
      elevated (20:5 + 22:5 + 22:6). The specific characteristics of the LDL
      phospholipids observed in Eskimos might be responsible for the higher liquid
      properties of the surface monolayer in the lipoproteins; this alteration might be
      important for the lipoprotein properties and transformation as well as for the
      properties of membrane-bound enzymes, for synthesis of thromboxane and
      prostacyclins.

PMID- 3705520
TI  - [Monoamine oxidase activity and gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in hyperoxia. The
      effect of clorgyline].
AB  - Under conditions of hyperoxia mitochondrial monoamine oxidase (MAO) of the A type
      from rat brain proved to be able to deaminate gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA); the
      transformation in the enzymatic properties appears to be responsible for a
      decrease in content of the intermediator in brain. Preadministration of
      chlorgiline (inhibitor of MAO of the A type) into animals before hyperoxygenation
      prevented completely the GABA content decrease, not affecting the glutamate
      decarboxylase activity, which was decreased in hyperoxia. At the same time,
      chlorgiline exhibited the total protective effect increasing 2-fold the period
      before oxygen convulsions.

PMID- 3705521
TI  - [Specific binding of cholesterol by enterosorbents].
AB  - Soluble polymers, modified by steroid glycosides digitonine or tomatonine (the
      "enterosorbents") bound cholesterol dissolved in alcohol. Rates of the binding
      depend on amount of the glycosides introduced into the sorbent. The digitonine or
      tomatonine enterosorbents decreased the cholesterol content in blood serum of
      hypercholesterolemic rats after per oral administration. At the same time, the
      enterosorbent containing digitonine decreased simultaneously both the content of
      liver tissue cholesterol and the content of atherogenic lipoproteins in rat blood
      serum.

PMID- 3705522
TI  - [Distribution of subfractions of high-density lipoproteins during their
      separation according to hydrated density and particle size].
AB  - Distribution of high density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions was studied by means
      of gradient ultracentrifugation depending on their hydration density and using
      electrophoresis in gradient polyacrylamide gel according to the particles size.
      53 men were examined, where 43 patients were impaired with ischemic heart disease
      and with atherosclerosis of coronary arteries documented by angiography. In all
      the patients with ischemic heart disease and dislipoproteinemias distribution of
      the HDL particles was altered towards a decrease in amount of HDL2b particles; at
      the same time, loading with cholesterol of the HDL3 subfraction was lowered. The
      alterations in the subfraction spectrum and composition of HDL observed in the
      patients with the ischemia and coronary atherosclerosis appear to exhibit the
      atherogenous impairments in cholesterol elimination from arterial wall.

PMID- 3705523
TI  - [Hormonal balance in women with lung cancer and its changes after combined
      treatment].
AB  - A relatively more favorable course of lung cancer and higher survival rates
      observed in female patients than in males make the case for further study of the
      problem. Endocrine system study group included female lung cancer patients. Blood
      ACTH, FSH, LH, STH, T3 and T4 as well as F, 17-CS and estrogen excretion with
      urine were followed prior to, immediately and long after treatment in 25
      menopausal and 11 premenopausal cases (at folliculin phase). Most patients
      revealed increased levels of free hydrocortisone in blood and urine matched by a
      lowered excretion of 17-CS. Hyperproduction of ACTH was registered in 40%,
      whereas 60% showed subnormal concentrations of said hormone. On the average, the
      levels of estrogens were increased, gonadotropin--decreased, T3--below normal
      concentrations and T4 and STH--within norm. TTH levels showed a wide-range
      variation: half that in healthy females-20%, and much higher than in healthy one
      65%. Concentration of F was close to normal 15-20 days after surgery while ACTH
      and 17-CS--after one year. The levels of the other hormones remained virtually
      unchanged within 1-3 years.

PMID- 3705524
TI  - [Epithelioid sarcoma (clinico-morphological characteristics)].
AB  - Epithelioid sarcoma is a relatively rare malignancy which possesses peculiar
      clinico-morphological characteristics. It is characterized by few symptoms and a
      comparatively long course; it tends to arise in distal parts of the extremities
      in the age range of 20-40 years. It reveals the following morphologic features:
      nodular pattern, involvement of tendons and fasciae, epithelium-like cells and
      central necroses. Recurrence was observed in 79% and dissemination-57%
      (metastases into lymph nodes-37.5% included). Extensive excision of tumor or
      amputation are a method of choice in treating epithelioid sarcoma.

PMID- 3705525
TI  - [Cisplatin (platidiame) in the treatment of patients with disseminated breast
      cancer].
AB  - In search of fresh indications for clinical application of cis-platinum, it was
      added to chemotherapy, the only treatment given to patients with disseminated
      breast cancer. The study group included 13 patients, with the data on 12 of them
      being subject to evaluation. The results showed a high antitumor effect of cis
      platinum: objective remission was observed in 5 out of 12 cases (46.6%), with the
      complete 10 month-long remission included. All patients suffered from such
      untoward side-effects as sickness and vomiting. Moderate nephrotoxicity, which
      did not interfere with treatment, was registered in 3 cases. Since results
      confirmed the therapeutic effect of cis-platinum in breast cancer patients
      previously untreated with antitumor drugs further research into the problem
      should be recommended.

PMID- 3705526
TI  - [Outpatient care of patients with ovarian cancer after primary treatment and the
      prevention of recurrence].
AB  - According to the scheme worked out by the staff of the 1st oncogynecologic
      department of the Institute, all patients with ovarian cancer in whom primary
      treatment was effective should be followed up. Clinical and cytologic examination
      should be carried out every 2 months during the first 1.5-2 years when recurrence
      is most likely to develop. Thereafter, cytologic follow-up (every 3 to 4 months)
      should be continued. Second-look operations should be carried out on a wider
      scale in suspicious cases. Prevention of recurrence should be assured by adequate
      primary treatment of ovarian cancer, particularly, at early stage and regular
      posttreatment check-ups.

PMID- 3705527
TI  - [The functional state of platelets in kidney cancer].
AB  - Dynamic function of thrombocytes was studied in 75 cases of renal cancer.
      Enhanced thrombocytic hemostasis registered in patients with stage I-II tumor was
      matched by a low-level thrombocytic function with concomitant thrombocythemia at
      stages III-IV. These findings may be useful in prevention and treatment of
      thrombohemorrhagic complications in renal cancer.

PMID- 3705528
TI  - [Type of acetylation in children with Hodgkin's disease].
AB  - Examination of a healthy European population showed 60% to be "slow" acetylators
      and 40% "rapid" ones. A similar distribution was established in pediatric
      controls. Among children with Hodgkin's disease, there were 4.1 times more slow
      acetylators. N-acetyltransferase activity was found to increase with tumor
      advancement. Conversion of acetylation pattern was observed in pediatric patients
      with Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 3705529
TI  - [Reaction of leukocyte migration inhibition in patients with uveal
      melanoblastoma].
AB  - The paper presents the results of melanoma antigen-mediated reaction of
      inhibition of leukocyte migration performed in 164 patients (malignant melanoma
      of the uveal tract-82 and glaucoma and other non-uveal pathology-82 cases). The
      reaction offers means for identifying cellular immune response to melanoma
      antigens in uveal melanoma patients. It may be useful in the diagnosis of
      malignant melanoma of the eye.

PMID- 3705530
TI  - [Oxygen regimen of rat kidneys in regeneration and carcinogenesis].
AB  - Oxygen tension in the kidneys in compensatory hyperplasia after nephrectomy and
      in renal carcinogenesis induced by nitrosodimethylamine was studied in 80 albino
      noninbred rats. Regeneration and malignant transformation were found to involve
      similar changes in oxygen conditions in rat's kidneys, viz. disturbances in the
      function of microvessels and decreased utilization of oxygen.

PMID- 3705531
TI  - [An experience with the rehabilitation of breast cancer patients after radical
      treatment].
AB  - Breast cancer out-patients rehabilitation may be similarly effective for all
      tumor localizations provided the peculiarities of primary treatment are
      considered. Its application opens up new vistas since it ensures an improvement
      and stabilization of mental and emotional state and reduces anxiety in cancer
      patients. A course of rehabilitation is followed by the change for better
      functional indexes and stimulation of interest in taking up an occupation.

PMID- 3705532
TI  - [Effect of previous and concomitant lung pathology on the postoperative
      complications in patients with lung cancer].
AB  - The Institute's data on postoperative complication development in 247 lung cancer
      patients with previous or concomitant lung pathology and 206 patients suffering
      from lung cancer alone were compared for the period of 1975-1984. It was found
      that after radical surgery pulmonary complications and lethality were much more
      frequent in lung cancer patients with concomitant lung disease and/or pulmonary
      pathology in case history (17 and 9.3%) than in patients free from such pathology
      (8.7 and 3.7%). To illustrate, postoperative pneumonia, bronchial fistula and
      pleural empyema and acute pulmonary failure were observed in 11.3, 4.9 and 2.4%
      of cases of concurrent lung pathology, respectively, to match respective 5.3, 2.4
      and 0% in the other study group, with pneumonia being the most frequent
      complication, particularly, after partial resection (13.6%).

PMID- 3705533
TI  - [Cure of a patient with disseminated cancer of the fallopian tube].

PMID- 3705534
TI  - [Successful treatment of cancer of the rectum which had existed for 4 years].

PMID- 3705535
TI  - [Effect of dietotherapy on the blood serum protein content of patients with
      torpid and latent recurrent rheumocarditis].
AB  - A group of 85 patients with a minimal activity of rheumatic process received the
      diet with a high protein content (130 to 140 g). The effect of the high protein
      diet was evaluated according to the time-course of changes in the content of
      individual blood serum proteins (albumin, prealbumin, alpha1-antitrypsin, alpha2
      macroglobulin, transferrin, ceruloplasmin, orosomucoid, fibrinogen, haptoglobin,
      IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, IgE, complement components: C1-inhibitor, C3, C4, C5 and C9).
      It was revealed that the dietetic management brought about not only the
      improvement of the general status and reduction of the clinical manifestations of
      the disease but also exerted a favourable action on the concentration of serum
      proteins assayed.

PMID- 3705536
TI  - [Effect of dietotherapy incorporating koumiss and shubat on vitamin B12
      absorption in the intestines and on its content in the blood of chronic
      enterocolitis patients].
AB  - The intestinal absorption of vitamin B12 and its blood content have been proved
      to lower in patients with chronic enterocolitis. Dietetics including kumiss and
      shubat promotes normalization of vitamin B12 absorption (p less than 0.05), its
      blood content growth (p less than 0.05), the intestinal microflora becoming
      normal.

PMID- 3705537
TI  - [Anthropometric indices of gastroenterology patients at a sanatorium].
AB  - Patients treated at a gastroenterological sanatorium were studied with respect to
      their food status according to a specially developed table for measuring their
      skin-fat fold. Excessive body weight and obesity were recorded in 26.7 and 24.6%
      of the patients, respectively. The underweight patients comprised only 7.2%.
      Statistically significant obesity (P less than 0.05) was more often observed in
      women than in men (28.2 and 13.6%, respectively).

PMID- 3705538
TI  - [Dynamic indices of the blood lipid spectrum and the body's acetylating capacity
      in infants in the 1st year of life with chronic nutritional disorders].
AB  - The lipid metabolism and acetylating processes were studied in children with
      chronic nutritional disorders during their treatment. In dystrophic children
      significant shifts in lipid metabolism were recorded: the levels of
      chylomicronemia, phospholipids, total lipids decreased, while those of free fatty
      acids and total cholesterol increased. The coenzyme acetylating processes in the
      patients with nutritional disorders were also impaired. The management of
      dystrophic patients was attended by a progressive recovery of the lipid
      metabolism. The elucidation of the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders in
      dystrophic children would permit outlining the ways for their dietetic and drug
      correction.

PMID- 3705539
TI  - [Energy expenditures and actual nutrition of weight lifters in the Republic of
      Cuba].

PMID- 3705540
TI  - [Correlation of the actual vitamin B1, B2 and B6 consumption with the biochemical
      indices of their body allowance].
AB  - Correlation of actual consumption of vitamins B1, B2 and B6 with biochemical
      parameters of their utilization has been studied in two groups of workers (one
      group was engaged in the synthetic leather industry, the second one in the
      diamond treatment industry). It is shown that the actual utilization of vitamins
      B1, B2 and B6 correlated well with the stimulation coefficients (SC) of the basal
      activity of the corresponding erythrocytic enzymes. This correlation can be
      expressed in an equation of linear regression with a preset SC. Solution of this
      equation gives the values that can be used in the diagnosis of changes in the
      vitamins B1, B2 and B6 requirement in certain population groups. The results of
      the study evidence that vitamin B1 and B6 are especially necessary for workers
      whose activity is associated with manifest nervous-emotional stress, while the
      workers engaged in the synthetic leather industry being exposed to dimethyl
      formamide are in need of vitamin B2.

PMID- 3705541
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of a diet consisting of canned products containing milk and
      vegetable proteins].
AB  - An experiment was carried out on the volunteers who received during 3 weeks
      dinners composed of canned foods containing milk and vegetable proteins. Canned
      beef and mutton contained 33% of casein and 8% of soybean protein, 50% of casein
      and 14% of soybean protein were included into canned pork. During the whole
      period of the experiment the volunteers felt well and did accept the repeated
      dishes. The medical and physiological investigations showed no changes in their
      health and body function. No allergic reactions were recorded.

PMID- 3705542
TI  - [Clinico-experimental approaches to studying the hypocholesteremic action of soy
      proteins].
AB  - The effect of diets containing soybean proteins substituting a significant
      portion of meat proteins was studied in patients with hyperlipidemia, type IIa,
      and in experiments on rats. It was found that soybean proteins included into the
      diet induced blood plasma amino acid imbalance, changed the excretion of some
      amino acids with urine, and significantly diminished the blood plasma cholesterol
      level. In the experiments on rats a reduced rate was noted in the low-density
      lipoprotein apoprotein formation and high-density lipoprotein apoprotein
      regeneration in the blood plasma. It is suggested that the hypocholesterolemic
      effect of soybean proteins is caused by decreased apoprotein E synthesis and
      metabolism due to low levels of blood plasma lysine and arginine.

PMID- 3705543
TI  - [Effect of neonatal nutrition on the enzyme activity of liver lysosomes,
      adipocytes and thrombocytes in young and old rats].
AB  - The activity of cathepsins A, B, C, D, phospholipases A1 and A2, and aryl
      sulphatases A and B was studied in hepatic lysosomas, adipocytes of epididymal
      fatty tissue and in platelets of rats aged 2,5 and 24 months differing in the
      character of milk feeding. It was found that excessive feeding in the neonatal
      period resulted in a decrease of the lysosomal proteinase activity by 18-33% in
      24-month animals, while phospholipase A2 activity rose 1,4-2.2-fold.
      Phospholipase A2 activity proved to be also increased in adipocytes of obese
      rats. Obese rats' platelets were characterized by a drastic (2-3.5-fold)
      activation of cathepsin C, and phospholipase A1 activity rose by 55% at all the
      stages of the ontogenesis. It is suggested that the changes in the lysosomal
      hydrolases activity may reflect the platelet function in the disordered
      lipoprotein metabolism.

PMID- 3705544
TI  - [Utilization efficiency of protein mixtures in young rats].
AB  - The utilization efficacy of varying proteins and proteinic mixtures was studied
      in rats fed artificially from the 15th to 20th day of life. Four types of
      proteinic mixtures were tested, containing casecyte, soybean protein, human milk
      proteins and cow milk serum proteins (CMSP). The highest protein utilization and
      body weight growth were recorded in rats given the mixture composed of casecyte
      and CMSP, the lowest values were obtained in the animals fed with soybean protein
      and CMSP. A significantly increased utilization efficacy of proteins was observed
      in the animals fed with soybean protein and CMSP supplemented with casecyte.

PMID- 3705545
TI  - [Effect of vegetable products on mercury elimination from the body].
AB  - Diets enriched with vegetable foods promote the acceleration and enhancement of
      mercury excretion from the body and limit its cumulation in internal organs and
      tissues.

PMID- 3705546
TI  - [Determination of free amino acids in body tissues].
AB  - The authors describe methods for isolation and assay of free amino acids in body
      tissues employed today in clinical and experimental studies. Give an account of
      the main factors affecting the data obtained. Compare the efficacy of different
      methods for quantitative determination of free amino acids in tissues. Analyse
      difficulties arising in the option of the deproteinizing agent while preparing
      tissue samples to be tested. Based on the reported data and their own experience
      the authors suggest efficacious and less time-consuming research methods for
      assay of free amino acids in blood plasma, red blood cells, and tissue
      homogenates.

PMID- 3705547
TI  - [Changes in the sterol content of soybean oil after its thermal processing].
AB  - A study was made of alterations in the composition of soybean oil sterols after
      thermal treatment. It was established that in heat-exposed oils, the content of
      total sterols dropped 20 to 50%. Analysis of a sample of free sterols from
      soybean oil heated for 13 h demonstrated a slight decrease in the content of
      stigmast-5-en-3 beta-ol at the expense of a rise in the concentration of delta 5
      avenasterol, citrostadienol, and 24-methylene cycloartanol.

PMID- 3705548
TI  - [Mineral composition of the protein concentrates made from nontraditional raw
      plant materials].
AB  - Protein concentrates obtained from unconventional plant raw material, namely from
      the oil cake of tomato seeds, corn germs, flax and safflower hold promise as
      sources of biologically important components including mineral substances. The
      protein concentrates are marked by a high content of calcium, magnesium,
      phosphorus, copper, manganese and zinc. They are also rich in iron that occurs in
      the form of a protein complex of bivalent iron. The content of heavy metals and
      nitrates does not exceed quota permissible for foods.

PMID- 3705549
TI  - [Benzo(a)pyrene content in tea].
AB  - Six samples of different kinds and sorts of native tea and 103 samples of tea
      beverage were tested for the benz(a)pyrene (BP) content. The results of the study
      showed that the carcinogen content in native tea varied from 2.4 micrograms/kg
      (in mixed tea No 36) to 3.84 micrograms/kg (in the Georgean tea, sort 1). The BP
      content in the tea beverage depended on the technology of its production. The
      carcinogen presence and its content increase in a violated technology of tea
      production may be an important factor in the genesis of esophagus carcinoma.

PMID- 3705550
TI  - [Experience with the use of natural mare's milk in the combined treatment of
      refractory heart failure].

PMID- 3705551
TI  - [Effect of the B-group vitamin complex on the blood content of saturated and
      unsaturated fatty acids in patients with ischemic heart disease and
      hypertension].
AB  - Gas-liquid chromatography was used to study the blood content of saturated and
      unsaturated fatty acids, under the influence of the functionally-associated
      vitamin-B complex, in 45 patients with coronary heart disease and essential
      hypertension. The vitamins were given daily in the following doses: thiamine
      diphosphate 50 mg, riboflavine 40 mg, calcium pantothenate 200 mg, nicotinic acid
      200 mg and lipoic acid 50 mg. Favourable shifts leading to positive clinical
      effects were recorded in the fatty acid metabolism after 10-day taking the
      vitamin-B complex: the content of unsaturated (linoleic and arachidonic) fatty
      acids increased while that of saturated (stearic and palmitic) fatty acids
      decreased.

PMID- 3705552
TI  - [Basic trends in the development of medical science in the Ukrainian SSR in the
      12th Five-Year Plan].

PMID- 3705553
TI  - [Organizational and clinical problems of the hospitalization of patients with
      certain forms of mental disorders].

PMID- 3705554
TI  - [Protective mechanisms of the airways in patients with chronic dust-induced
      bronchitis].

PMID- 3705555
TI  - [Organization of the dietetics of workers in industrial enterprises].

PMID- 3705556
TI  - [Case of Weber-Christian disease].

PMID- 3705557
TI  - [Role of research in the development of nephrological care in the Ukrainian SSR].

PMID- 3705558
TI  - [Tasks of the neurological service of the Ukrainian SSR].

PMID- 3705559
TI  - [Reserves for optimizing the management of the modern dispensary system].

PMID- 3705560
TI  - [Secondary changes in the small intestine in nonspecific ulcerative colitis based
      on x-ray and radionuclide study data].

PMID- 3705561
TI  - [Quantitative evaluation of the endoscopic data in nonspecific ulcerative
      colitis].

PMID- 3705562
TI  - [Clinico-morphological comparisons in gastric peptic ulcer].

PMID- 3705563
TI  - [Use of glycyram on cholelithiasis patients].

PMID- 3705565
TI  - [Hemodynamic disturbances and the means for their pharmacological correction in
      transient disorders of cerebral circulation and ischemic stroke].

PMID- 3705566
TI  - [Peripheral circulatory and tissue oxygen regimen functions in acute myocardial
      infarct patients being treated with obzidan].

PMID- 3705564
TI  - [Periodic disease].

PMID- 3705567
TI  - [Importance of the sanatorium-health resort and polyclinical stages in the
      recovery of work capacity in patients who have had a myocardial infarct].

PMID- 3705568
TI  - [Significance of the dipyridamole test in diagnosing chronic ischemic heart
      disease].

PMID- 3705569
TI  - [Transesophageal electrography and cardiostimulation in the diagnosis of cardiac
      arrhythmias].

PMID- 3705570
TI  - [Characteristics of the clinical picture and of the cardiohemodynamic disorders
      in dilated cardiomyopathy].

PMID- 3705572
TI  - [Clinico-genetic analysis of the traits characteristic for lung diseases in
      twins].

PMID- 3705571
TI  - [Conservative treatment methods in lung abscesses].

PMID- 3705573
TI  - [Thrombophilia and the disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome in
      inflammatory diseases of the abdominal cavity organs].

PMID- 3705574
TI  - [Incidence of amyloidosis of the internal organs based on biopsy and autopsy
      data].

PMID- 3705575
TI  - [Characteristics of the nonvolatile substances in the expired air of smokers and
      chronic bronchitis patients].

PMID- 3705576
TI  - [Dynamics of the immunological indices during the treatment of pulmonary
      tuberculosis patients suffering from chronic alcoholism].

PMID- 3705577
TI  - [Characteristics of an abridged basic course of chemotherapy for pulmonary
      tuberculosis patients].

PMID- 3705578
TI  - [Effect of alcohol on the protein-forming and enzyme functions of the liver in
      disseminated sclerosis patients].

PMID- 3705579
TI  - [Quantitative prostaglandin spectrum of disseminated sclerosis patients].

PMID- 3705580
TI  - [Clinical classification of tumors of chromaffin tissue].

PMID- 3705581
TI  - [Assessment of the immunological indices in gouty and idiopathic
      glomerulonephritis].

PMID- 3705582
TI  - Proceedings of the Commonwealth Caribbean Medical Research Council. 31st
      scientific meeting. Port-of-Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, April 16-19, 1986,
      Abstracts.

PMID- 3705583
TI  - [New sites of Boreobdella verrucata (Fr. Muller) (Hirudinea) in Poland].

PMID- 3705584
TI  - [Characteristics and role of the local humoral response and coproantibodies in
      parasitic infections].

PMID- 3705585
TI  - [Effect of selected pesticides on the development and invasiveness of the ova of
      Ascaris suum Goeze, 1782].

PMID- 3705586
TI  - [Preliminary observations on the development of Strongyloides papillosus (Wedl,
      1856) in Poland].

PMID- 3705587
TI  - [Morphometric variability of Columbicola columbae columbae (L) (Mallophaga:
      Ischnocera) in relation to specimen preservation].

PMID- 3705588
TI  - [Infestation of the domestic pigeon Columba livia dom. in Wroclaw by biting lice
      in the summer of 1983].

PMID- 3705589
TI  - [Parasitic infections in children's communes based on the example of a home for
      mentally retarded children and an urban kindergarten].

PMID- 3705590
TI  - [Usefulness of the preparation Fasinex (triclabendazole, Ciba-Geigy) for the
      control of fascioliasis in sheep].

PMID- 3705591
TI  - [Leeches of the Lubiatowskie Lake reserve].

PMID- 3705592
TI  - [Inhibition of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction by leukotriene blockade].
AB  - The mechanism of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is still unclear. Since
      leukotrienes are pulmonary vasoconstrictors and lung cells are able to produce
      leukotrienes, it has been proposed that leukotrienes are mediators of hypoxic
      pulmonary vasoconstriction and then inhibition of their synthesis should block
      hypoxic pressure responses. In order to test this hypothesis we investigated
      whether diethylcarbamazine (DEC), a known leukotriene synthesis blocker, blocks
      hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in isolated rat lungs. DEC blocked ongoing and
      subsequent hypoxic pressure responses in a relatively specific and dose-dependent
      fashion. We therefore extended our observations to awake rats and found that DEC
      reversibly inhibited acute hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Furthermore,
      pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy in rats exposed to
      chronic hypobaric hypoxia could be prevented by DEC treatment. From these data we
      conclude that DEC inhibits both acute and chronic hypoxic pulmonary
      vasoconstriction. Thus, leukotrienes could be important mediators of hypoxic
      pulmonary vasoconstriction.

PMID- 3705593
TI  - [Immune complexes in myocardial infarct].
AB  - 604 patients were investigated with C1q solid phase RIA in regard to circulating
      immune complexes (CIC) shortly after myocardial infarction. 118 (19.6%) of these
      604 patients had CIC, which disappeared in 99 patients (83.7%) or decreased
      significantly in 9 cases (7.6%) after 2-4 weeks. Only 10 patients (8.3%) showed
      persisting CIC. 12 parameters assessing clinical features and laboratory data
      were compared with the results of CIC investigation in altogether 251 patients,
      of whom 54 (21.5%) were CIC-positive. No differences between CIC-positive and CIC
      negative patients were observed with regard to generally accepted factors
      predisposing to infarction. However, CIC-positive patients differed significantly
      from CIC-negative cases in the higher incidence of a history of respiratory tract
      infection before infarction (p less than 0.001) and the more frequent absence of
      a family history of cardiac and circulatory disease (p less than 0.0005).
      Interpretation of these results indicates a transient appearance of CIC after
      liberation of heart - tissue antigens during infarction, but does not exclude the
      possible existence of a group of patients manifesting CIC already before the
      onset of infarction, whereby the CIC may have contributed towards triggering off
      the infarction. In this case persistence of CIC after infarction may be regarded
      as an unfavourable sign.

PMID- 3705594
TI  - [What value do body weight, age and drug anamnesis have as an index of elevated
      digoxin level?].
AB  - A retrospective study of two groups of patients with a different plasma digoxin
      level (Group A: digoxin greater than or equal to 2 ng/ml, n = 32, Group B:
      digoxin less than 2 ng/ml, n = 34; total n = 66) showed a significantly lower
      creatinine clearance (p less than 0.05) in group A. This group also showed a weak
      correlation between the digoxin level and the length of observation (R = + 0.31,
      p less than 0.05, n = 29). Furthermore, a weak correlation between digoxin level
      and the ratio of average daily dosage to creatinine clearance was found for the
      total sample (R = + 0.30, p less than 0.05, n = 66). Patients treated for less
      than 7 days and with a higher digoxin level also had a higher dosage and worse
      renal function (p = 0.05, p = 0.01, respectively). A weak correlation also
      existed between the digoxin level and creatinine clearance and body weight for
      the whole sample (R = -0.29, p less than 0.05; R = -0.29, p less than 0.01,
      respectively; n = 66). The latter correlation was also found within each group.
      Apart from renal function, the medication taken and body weight seem to be useful
      variables in predicting impending elevation of the digoxin level. In this study
      these variables were found to be better suited for the said purpose than the ECG.
      These conclusions remain to be confirmed by means of a prospective study.

PMID- 3705595
TI  - [Correlation of clinical, roentgenologic and functional findings with cell
      distribution in bronchoalveolar lavage].
AB  - Bronchoalveolar lavage cytology in patients with sarcoidosis revealed a high
      relative lymphocyte count (28.4 +/- 22.4%), a manifestation of lymphocytic
      alveolitis. The extent of this alveolitis does not correspond with the clinical
      findings (symptomatic and asymptomatic patients), nor the chest radiological
      findings (with or without pulmonary involvement), nor the pulmonary function
      tests (normal or reduced vital capacity, FEV1 and compliance). A very high
      relative number of lymphocytes can be found in symptomatic patients with
      extrapulmonary manifestation of the disease. Clinical, radiological and
      functional findings in sarcoidosis do not reflect the extent of the lymphocytic
      alveolitis. Hence, distribution analysis of the cells obtained on bronchoalveolar
      lavage supplements the usual diagnostic investigations in patients with
      sarcoidosis.

PMID- 3705596
TI  - [Development of carcinoma of Vater's ampulla in an adenoma. Analysis of a
      personal case load and review of the literature].
AB  - A retrospective analysis was undertaken of our case material of 40 histological
      preparations of carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater, as well as a survey of the
      literature of 103 adenomas of the ampulla of Vater. Signs of malignant
      transformation were detected in 25% of the adenomas, whilst adenomatous residues
      were identified in 72% of the examined carcinomas of the ampulla of Vater. Thus,
      an adenoma-carcinoma sequence seems to be as significant in the case of Vater's
      papilla as in the colo-rectal region. An epidemiological investigation confirms
      this hypothesis since 1. adenomas of the papilla Vateri develop 4 years prior to
      a carcinoma and 2. the relative sex distribution of the two diseases is
      approximately equal.

PMID- 3705597
TI  - [Atherosclerosis].

PMID- 3705599
TI  - [The aging human from the neuropsychiatric viewpoint].
AB  - Aging processes facilitate the occurrence of neuropsychiatric disorders. Diseases
      of the brain but also extracerebral disorders, together with sociocultural
      influences lead to psychic disturbances. These become more and more frequent
      dependent on the remarkable increase in life span. The most important psychiatric
      diseases in aged people are the organic psychosyndrome, depression and dementia.
      Exact differential diagnostic criteria are essential for the therapeutic
      strategies of choice.

PMID- 3705598
TI  - In vivo platelet activity and lipoprotein patterns in coronary artery disease.
AB  - In order to determine the effect of hyperlipoproteinemia on the in vivo formation
      of circulating platelet aggregates (CPA) in patients with coronary artery
      disease, CPA ratios, lipoprotein pattern, serum cholesterol and triglycerides
      were determinated in 80 male patients with stable coronary artery disease and
      hyperlipoproteinemia. Similar studies were performed in 30 male age-matched
      patients with stable coronary artery disease without hyperlipoproteinemia and 60
      male age-matched healthy volunteers; the latter group served as controls. CPA
      ratios were significantly lowered; i.e. an increase was observed in circulating
      platelet aggregates in 24 patients without hyperlipoproteinemia as compared with
      the values in the control group. All the cardiac patients with
      hyperlipoproteinemia had a significantly lower CPA ratio than the patients
      without hyperlipoproteinemia. Moreover, the lowering in CPA ratio was more marked
      among patients with type II a hyperlipoproteinemia than in those with type IV. We
      think that this in vivo test for platelet function may throw more light on the
      effect of hyperlipoproteinemia on the in vivo aggregation of circulating
      platelets in patients with coronary artery disease.

PMID- 3705601
TI  - Progress in repair of postirradiation damage.

PMID- 3705600
TI  - [First aid responsibility of the physician in Austria according to paragraph 95
      of the penal code].
AB  - With paragraph 95 of its new Penal Code, Austria has joined the ranks of those
      countries which, by statutory provision, lay down a general duty, which applies
      to everyone to render aid in a case of misadventure. This provision is to enhance
      the principle of rendering aid and assistance to a fellow human being in need,
      and to obligate everyone to exercise at least a minimum of solidarity with fellow
      men and to undertake to save another person in danger of life or limb. The
      conception in legal policy and juristic application is shown by examples drawn
      from the literature. A case is reported in detail to demonstrate that the
      provision is also applicable to the doctor's activity in the hospital, starting
      out from the relatively wide scope of the concept of "misadventure". 95 of the
      Austrian Penal Code defines a typical crime by omission, the applicability
      therefore not being bound to the proof of an injurious outcome. The paper points
      out the particular difficulty in the differential diagnosis of alcoholisation -
      cranial trauma.

PMID- 3705602
TI  - Pathologic changes secondary to radiation.

PMID- 3705603
TI  - Radiation damage to the small intestine.

PMID- 3705604
TI  - Repair of radiation complications in the head and neck.

PMID- 3705605
TI  - The radiation-damaged rectum: resection with coloanal anastomosis using the
      endoanal technique.

PMID- 3705606
TI  - Resection and pull-through for rectovaginal fistula.

PMID- 3705607
TI  - Repair of the radiation-induced vaginal fistula utilizing the Martius technique.

PMID- 3705608
TI  - Functional results after postirradiation rectal reconstruction.

PMID- 3705609
TI  - Partial hepatectomy for intrahepatic stones.

PMID- 3705610
TI  - Ramification of the intrahepatic portal vein identified by percutaneous
      transhepatic portography.

PMID- 3705611
TI  - Clinical reliability of perioperative fluorocholangiography.

PMID- 3705612
TI  - Polytrauma in the elderly.

PMID- 3705614
TI  - Spleen function in diseases.

PMID- 3705615
TI  - Colorectal cancer: primary management.

PMID- 3705613
TI  - Acute volvulus of the right colon: an analysis of 69 patients.

PMID- 3705616
TI  - Effect of omega-trifluorination on the microsomal metabolism of ethyl and pent-1
      yl p-nitrophenyl ether.
AB  - p-Nitrophenyl pent-1-yl ether was metabolized (65-70%) in the presence of liver
      microsomes from phenobarbital-treated rats to give the 4-(major), 3-(minor), and
      2-hydroxypent-1-yl (minor) derivatives which were characterized by g.l.c.-mass
      spectrometry; O-dealkylation (reflecting 1-hydroxylation) and 5-hydroxylation did
      not occur to a significant extent. 5,5,5-Trifluorination of the pent-1-yl group
      markedly reduced the extent of metabolism (to approximately 10%). p-Nitrophenyl
      2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ether was virtually completely resistant to microsomal
      metabolism under conditions where the ethyl analogue was extensively O
      dealkylated.

PMID- 3705617
TI  - Substrate specificity of the mouse skin mixed-function oxidase system.
AB  - The metabolism of nine model substrates for the mixed-function oxidase system was
      studied in skin and liver microsomes from Balb/C mice. Rates of skin metabolism
      per mg microsomal protein ranged from 0.5-15% of liver rates depending on the
      substrate. Relative to liver, mouse skin preferentially metabolized
      ethoxyresorufin, benzo[alpha]pyrene and diphenyloxazole over aldrin, coumarin and
      the C1-C4 7-alkyl umbelliferone ethers. NADPH-cytochrome P-450-dependent
      metabolism of aldrin and ethoxyresorufin was differentially inhibited in skin
      microsomes by metyrapone and alpha-naphthoflavone, respectively. Biphasic Eadie
      Hofstee plots were obtained in both skin and liver microsomes for the metabolism
      of aldrin, whereas metabolism of ethoxyresorufin in both systems was described by
      linear kinetics. It is concluded that mouse skin contains multiple forms of
      cytochrome P-450, and that forms functionally analogous to those induced by
      polycyclic hydrocarbons in rodent liver are present in untreated mouse skin.

PMID- 3705618
TI  - The metabolism and excretion of enzyme-inducing doses of phenobarbital by rats
      with bile fistulas.
AB  - The metabolism of enzyme-inducing doses of 14C-phenobarbital injected i. p. into
      bile duct-cannulated rats has been studied using improved chromatographic
      separation and quantification techniques. In animals with bile fistulas most of
      the 14C-phenobarbital was excreted in bile as p-hydroxyphenobarbital conjugated
      with glucuronic acid. In urine the main substance found was phenobarbital, with
      significant amounts of p-hydroxyphenobarbital and varying amounts of its
      glucuronide conjugate. Animals without bile fistulas excreted 80% dose of
      phenobarbital in the urine; metabolites were free phenobarbital, p
      hydroxyphenobarbital and conjugated material. Approx 90% of the conjugated
      material was the glucuronide. Only free phenobarbital and p-hydroxyphenobarbital
      were found in the faeces. Animals drinking plain water excreted 50-65% dose of
      phenobarbital (80 mg/kg) in bile and the remainder mainly in the urine, whereas
      superhydrated animals (drinking 5% glucose and 0.9% NaCl) excreted 90% of the
      dose as free phenobarbital in the urine. Phenobarbital is the only labelled
      material detectable in hepatic tissue and portal, vena caval or aortic blood,
      which indicates that phenobarbital is the enzyme-inducing substance and that
      liver and kidney rapidly eliminate all metabolites. Metabolism of phenobarbital
      in vivo is a complex process involving interaction of hepatic and intestinal
      metabolism, partial readsorption from the intestinal tract and renal elimination.

PMID- 3705619
TI  - Chlorinated paraffins: formation of sulphur-containing metabolites of
      polychlorohexadecane in rats.
AB  - A uniformly 14C-labelled polychlorinated hexadecane (14C-PCHD; 65% chlorine by
      wt) was injected into the portal vein in bile duct-cannulated rats (5-6 mg/kg)
      and the bile was collected for two or three days. Less than 3% of the total
      amount of radioactivity excreted in the bile was due to unchanged 14C-PCHD. The
      radioactivity was separated by ion-exchange chromatography into two major
      fractions: one acidic, the other amphoteric. Comparison with a similar
      fractionation of propachlor metabolites indicates that the fractions contain 14C
      PCHD conjugates of N-acetylcysteine (mercapturic acid) and glutathione,
      respectively. The tentative 14C-PCHD-mercapturic acid on t.l.c. had an RF value
      similar to that of a synthetic PCHD-mercapturic acid, and chlorine and divalent
      sulphur were shown to be present.

PMID- 3705620
TI  - The metabolism of aspirin in man: a population study.
AB  - The metabolism of a 900 mg oral dose of aspirin has been investigated in 129
      healthy volunteers. For this purpose, the 0-12 h urine was collected and analysed
      for the following excretion products: salicylic acid, its acyl and phenolic
      glucuronides, salicyluric acid, its phenolic glucuronide and gentisic acid. The
      total excretion of salicylate and metabolites was normally distributed within the
      population group studied, showing a 2.5-fold variation: a mean of 68.1% of the
      dose was recovered in 12 h. The excretion of salicylic acid was found to be
      highly variable within the study panel (1.3-31% of dose in 12 h), and was related
      to both urine volume and pH. Salicyluric acid was the major metabolite in the
      majority of the volunteers and its excretion was normally distributed amongst the
      study panel. The elimination of this metabolite ranged from 19.8 to 65% of the
      dose and was related to the total recovery of salicylate. The excretion of the
      two salicyl glucuronides was highly variable, ranging from 0.8 to 42% of the
      dose. The elimination of the glucuronides was inversely related to that of
      salicyluric acid. Gentisic acid and salicyluric acid phenolic glucuronide were
      minor metabolites of salicylate, accounting for 1 and 3% of the dose,
      respectively. The recovery of gentisic acid was statistically significantly
      greater in female subjects than in males, whilst the opposite was found for
      salicyluric acid and total salicylate. However, these differences were small in
      magnitude.

PMID- 3705621
TI  - The metabolic disposition of acifran, a new antihyperlipidemic agent, in rats and
      dogs.
AB  - The metabolic disposition of the antihyperlipidemic agent acifran (AY-25, 712)
      was determined in rats and dogs. The synthesis of 14C-labelled acifran is
      described. Serum levels of 14C and acifran were measured in rats and dogs after
      p.o. and i.v. administration of 14C-acifran at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Over 80% of
      the 14C in serum was due to acifran. The drug was rapidly absorbed and the
      pharmacokinetics, unaffected by increasing the dose or by daily multiple doses,
      were characterized by a two-compartment open model. Food reduced the
      bioavailability of acifran by 27% in the dog. About 65% of the dose was absorbed
      in rats, and at least 88% in dogs. The elimination t 1/2 of acifran from serum
      was 1.5 h in the rat and 3 h in the dog. Acifran was partially bound to serum
      proteins, man greater than rat greater than dog; the drug was found to displace
      protein-bound warfarin in rat and dog, but not in human serum. Radioactivity did
      not tend to accumulate in tissues, except for the kidney, where the 14C
      concentration was five times higher than in the serum; elimination of 14C from
      all the tissues was similar to that from serum. Most of the absorbed dose was
      excreted in the urine. Acifran did not undergo enterohepatic circulation in the
      rat. Virtually all the urinary 14C in both species was due to the unchanged
      compound. In conclusion, the disposition of acifran was similar in rats and dogs.
      The drug was rapidly absorbed and eliminated, and underwent no detectable
      biotransformation. There was no tissue retention and excretion was mainly in the
      urine.

PMID- 3705622
TI  - Peroxidative N-oxidation and N-dealkylation reactions of pargyline.
AB  - The hydrogen peroxide-supported oxidation of pargyline in rat-liver microsomes
      was investigated and compared to that promoted by cytochrome P-450 in the
      presence of an NADPH-generating system. The metabolic conversions promoted by
      hydrogen peroxide and cytochrome P-450 comprised N-demethylation, N
      depropargylation, N-debenzylation and N-oxidation. For the hydrogen peroxide
      cytochrome P-450-promoted oxidation, cyanide, but not carbon monoxide, was an
      effective inhibitor of all the reactions. Similarly, 2,4-dichloro-6-phenyl
      phenoxyethylamine (DPEA) inhibited all reactions, particularly N-demethylation
      and N-oxidation more extensively than the NADPH-dependent microsomal oxidation.
      Using microsomes from rats pretreated with phenobarbital caused no increase in
      the metabolites above the levels seen with microsomes from untreated animals.
      Various other peroxidase systems which were investigated were essentially unable
      to promote oxidation of pargyline.

PMID- 3705623
TI  - [Significance of pneumatic plethysmography in the diagnosis of venous diseases].

PMID- 3705624
TI  - [Phlebographic findings in insufficient muscle veins of the lower extremity].

PMID- 3705625
TI  - [Reduction of venous ambulatory hypertension by venous compression].

PMID- 3705627
TI  - [Pharmacophlebographic studies with dihydroergotamine in the area of the
      extremities].

PMID- 3705626
TI  - [Venous toning with dihydroergotamine--subcutaneous or buccal administration].

PMID- 3705628
TI  - [Hyperemic hypoxia in venous ulcer].

PMID- 3705629
TI  - [Etiopathogenesis of chronic venous insufficiency of the lower extremities as a
      guideline in staging].

PMID- 3705630
TI  - [Diagnostic significance of photoplethysmography in chronic venous
      insufficiency].

PMID- 3705631
TI  - [Significance of functional hemispheric asymmetries in the visual area, detected
      by tachistoscopic visual half-field stimulation. Attempt at differentiation of
      the results of a trial series in children of elementary school age using a
      cluster analytic method].

PMID- 3705632
TI  - [Characterization of depressive subgroups based on psychopathologic,
      neuroendocrine, psychophysiologic and clinical parameters in the course of
      depression].

PMID- 3705633
TI  - [Classical conditioning of electrodermal activity and Maltzman's concept of the
      voluntary orienting reaction: a successful replication].

PMID- 3705634
TI  - [Effect of readability of patient education passages on the expectations of
      patients and non-patients].

PMID- 3705635
TI  - [Significance of fungus exposure in the occupational environment with reference
      to fungal allergic diseases of the respiratory tract].

PMID- 3705636
TI  - [Psychological effects of long-term exposure to tetrachloroethylene].

PMID- 3705637
TI  - [Vocational and occupational fitness of diabetics].

PMID- 3705638
TI  - [Trimethylchlorosilane procedure for gas chromatographic measurement of
      fluoride].

PMID- 3705639
TI  - Spectrophotometric determination of sulphite.

PMID- 3705640
TI  - Spectrophotometric determination of nitrite.

PMID- 3705641
TI  - [Possibilities and limits of mixed toxic waste disposal].

PMID- 3705642
TI  - [Experiences with bathing water purification in accordance with the Regulation of
      Technological Standards No. 37780].

PMID- 3705643
TI  - [Are 30 liters of drinking water per bather too much?].

PMID- 3705644
TI  - [Requirements for water quality in sauna plunge baths].

PMID- 3705645
TI  - [Chloramine concentration in the room air of indoor pools].

PMID- 3705646
TI  - [Possibilities and criteria for evaluation of the quality and effectiveness of
      medical care in the ambulatory service of the Cottbus district hospital--internal
      efficiency comparison].

PMID- 3705647
TI  - [Stress effects in service employment as a basis for the design of optimal work
      conditions].

PMID- 3705648
TI  - [Increasing the effectiveness of control in food handling].

PMID- 3705649
TI  - [Stomatologic findings in middle age].

PMID- 3705650
TI  - [Professional activity as a motivating component for the individual care and
      preservation of teeth].

PMID- 3705651
TI  - [Relations between lipid metabolism and changes in the vessel wall].
AB  - Hyperlipoproteinaemias and dyslipoproteinaemias, respectively, lead to an
      increased lipid infiltration of the vascular wall. Increased lipid transport
      takes place vesicularly, by adsorptive endocytosis, contraction of the
      endothelium and dilation of interendothelial grooves. The increasedly taken
      lipids are bound to glycosaminoglycanes or elastin. The decomposition of the
      lipoproteins taken in the vascular wall is decreased. The lipid accumulation
      stimulates the glycosaminoglycane, elastin and collagen synthesis of the vascular
      wall.

PMID- 3705653
TI  - [Behavior of the trace element chromium in coronary arteriosclerosis].
AB  - The present literature is submitted to a searching examination concerning the
      behaviour of the trace element chromium in coronary arteriosclerosis. Since 1978
      chromium has been determined by three research groups in the plasma or serum of
      patients with ischaemic heart disease, in which cases their results are
      contradictory. The reason is evident: it is difficult to measure reliably the
      element chromium and the appearing problems are occasionally underestimated.
      Reliable and reproducible determinations of chromium demand especially equipped
      laboratories in order to avoid the contamination of tests, a sensitive and
      specific equipment and above all very experienced analyticians.

PMID- 3705652
TI  - [Role of trace elements in the dynamics of arteriosclerosis].
AB  - According to the present state of knowledge 7 quantitative elements and possibly
      18 trace elements are of vital importance for the animal. Their metabolism is
      antagonistically or synergistically influenced by the inorganic and organic
      constituents of the food of different kind. More than 30 elements (Cu, Zn, Mg,
      Mn, Cr, V and so on) shall be connected with the process of arteriosclerosis. Cu
      deficiency as well as Cu-abundance may increase the cholesterol content of the
      blood serum. Under conditions of Cu-deficiency the formation of the crosslinks of
      the elastin of the blood vessels is disturbed. Under conditions of Zn-deficiency
      the serum cholesterol content is as a rule, but not exceptionally decreased in
      the animal. Similarly unclear is the influence of high administrations of Zn on
      the process of arteriosclerosis. An Mg-deficit may lead to a whole chain of
      changes (disturbances of the cardiac rhythm, necrotic changes, atheromatous
      plaques, high values of total cholesterol, low values of HDL-cholesterol). Via
      the glucose tolerance factor a Cr-deficit possibly takes influence on the
      arteriosclerotic process. Hardness of the water, Mn, Pb, Ni, Mn shall also become
      effective. The Cu-Zn-relation as factor evoking arteriosclerosis further needs
      analysis. The investigations concerning arteriosclerosis in the animal experiment
      should in future be performed by means of semisynthetic rations, in order to
      render the results of the experiments comparable and to be able to control the
      large number of evoking factors.

PMID- 3705654
TI  - [Manganese and arteriosclerosis].
AB  - The relations between manganese and atherosclerosis were examined on rabbits with
      experimental atherosclerosis, on patients with atherosclerosis and on workers
      exposed to manganese. Here a favourable influence of manganese was shown which
      effected a decrease of the cholesterol content of serum, liver and aorta and
      inhibited the entry of lipids into the aorta. The influence of the manganese on
      various enzymes as well as a manganese-copper interaction are discussed as
      possible causes.

PMID- 3705655
TI  - [Control and usefulness of a capillary-wall switch mechanism in blood
      microcirculation. Recent results of oxygen multistep therapy research].
AB  - The measurement of the O2 status of the human organism, the knowledge of factors
      which influence it and the using and development, respectively, of measures for
      its permanent improvement are of great importance for the prevention diagnosis,
      prophylaxis and therapy. The O2-intake in rest of the organism is regarded as
      absolute characteristic of the oxygen status. In investigations of the dynamics
      of the status it is in most cases sufficient to use the arteriovenous Hb-O2
      saturation difference as relative distinctive mark, the representative
      determination of which from routine measurements of pO2 in rest is discussed.
      From such measurements the strong dynamics of the O2 status was found. Apart from
      the deterioration with growing age the deterioration by stressor influences of
      different kind, in hyposthenias and the minima in the 24-hour-cycle were
      established. Improvements were measured after perseverance training and after
      treatments with processes of the oxygen multistep therapy. After discussion of
      the three basic steps of this therapy the 36-h-O2-multistep process and the 15
      min-O2-multistep rapid process are mentioned as standard variants which are to be
      used ambulatorily. The rapid process is entered more in detail and the practice
      of its performance as well as the results of measurements of the typical pO2 in
      rest before and after these processes are discussed. Surprising is the existence
      of the increase effected of the arterial pO2 in rest and of the decrease of the
      venous pO2 in rest for weeks, months up to years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3705656
TI  - [Lipids and apolipoproteins in relation to the degree of coronary sclerosis].
AB  - 86 male patients with 0-, 1-, 2- or 3 vascular disease who underwent coronary
      angiography as well as a control group were examined with regard to their
      lipoprotein constellation: total (TC-), LDL-, HDL-, beta- and alpha-cholesterol
      (C); triglycerides; apolipoproteins A, AI and B. Significant differences between
      the mean values of the control group and the patients with coronary disease were
      found for the groups with 2- and 3-vascular disease for the following parameters:
      TC, HDLC, TC/HDLC, LDLC/HDLC, alpha-C, TC/alpha-C, beta-C, alpha-C. The quotients
      TC/HDLC and TC/alpha-C most closely correlate with the degree of the coronary
      sclerosis. In the apolipoproteins A, B and the index Apo B/A the patients with
      coronary disease of the groups 0-3 possess equally lowered or increased serum
      levels and number values, respectively, in comparison to the control group. The
      apolipoproteins do not show any relationship to the degree of severity of the
      coronary sclerosis. By means of the parameters combination (Apo A + TC/alpha-C)
      with a diagnostic sensitiveness of 0.83 and a specificity of 0.87 a coordination
      coronary disease--healthy could be performed. The classification according to
      risks should then be performed by means of a cholesterol quotient (TC/alpha-C or
      TC/HDLC).

PMID- 3705657
TI  - [Blind biopsy in gastroscopy--pro].

PMID- 3705658
TI  - [Blind biopsy in gastroscopy--contra].

PMID- 3705659
TI  - [Dose-dependent telenzepine inhibition of the secretion of human gastric acid
      stimulated by sham feeding and saliva].
AB  - The effect of graded doses of the new antimuscarinic agent telenzepine on human
      gastric secretion has been studied in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial in
      nine healthy volunteers. Over a period of 60 minutes basal acid output as well as
      acid response to sham feeding was examined. Telenzepine reduced dose-dependently
      basal acid secretion: This parameter was inhibited with 1 mg by 2%, with 2 mg by
      37%, with 3 mg by 53% and with 5 mg by 76%, respectively. The corresponding
      values for stimulated acid secretion were 16%, 34%, 40% and 57%, respectively.
      The reduction of basal and stimulated acid secretion was statistically
      significant (p less than 0.05) following the two larger telenzepine doses.
      Production of saliva was inhibited by 9%, 21%, 28% and 48%, respectively. The
      latter reaching statistical significance (p less than 0.05).

PMID- 3705660
TI  - [Effect of penicillamine therapy on the concentration of zinc, copper, iron,
      calcium and magnesium in the serum and their excretion in urine].
AB  - The application of Penicillamine (750 mg per day) for one year resulted in the
      expected increase of urinary copper excretion (8-10 fold). The increase of Zinc
      excretion was only moderate (2 fold). The application of Penicillamine did not
      influence the excretion of Ca, Mg and Fe. We did not find a decrease of Zinc
      content in the hair of patients after one year treatment. The serum concentration
      of Zn, Cu, Fe, Ca and Mg was not influence by the application of Penicillamine.
      Thus, a treatment with Penicillamine is not a probable cause of zinc deficiency
      in liver disease.

PMID- 3705661
TI  - [Humoral and cellular immune response in psoriasis].
AB  - Several immunological reactions (immunoglobulin levels in the blood serum,
      lymphocytic stimulation, migration of leucocytes etc.) were examined in the blood
      serum of psoriatics before and after treatment and compared with control.
      Abnormal reactions were even seen in psoriatics after successful treatment. As
      far as these data reveal, psoriasis is a systemic disorder.

PMID- 3705662
TI  - [Diurnal dependence of skin reactions in the administration of external
      substances].
AB  - In order to investigate the influence of the application time of the day on skin
      reactions, test persons were treated with various substances inducing
      experimental inflammation in human skin. Additional tests provided us with data
      regarding the antiinflammatory activity of topical glucocorticoids on the
      experimental inflammation as well as the vasoconstrictive activity dependent on
      the application time of the day. Although all tests showed great individual
      scattering ranges, statistical evaluation did not reveal any clear evidence for
      the supposition that pharmacological responses of the skin may be influenced by
      the hour of the topical application. Thus, it seems not likely that the success
      of topical treatment of toxic dermatitis by means of glucocorticoids depends on
      the hour of application.

PMID- 3705663
TI  - [Squamous epithelial cancer in lichen ruber hypertrophicus--a case report with a
      review of the literature].
AB  - Spinocellular carcinoma developed in a 19-year-old lesion of lichen ruber
      hypertrophicus of the lower leg. In the literature,24 cases of spinocellular
      carcinoma in lesions of cutaneous lichen ruber have been reported. X-ray and
      arsenic treatment has often preceded malignant transformation. Another risk
      factor seems to be the chronic hypertrophic type of lichen ruber located on the
      lower extremities.

PMID- 3705664
TI  - [Steroid synthesis in Leydig cells is also controlled by cytochrome P-450
      activities].

PMID- 3705665
TI  - [Clinical picture, immunology and pathogenesis of recurring erysipelas].
AB  - Immunodeficiency is an important factor in RE besides chronic local trauma. We
      observed RE in patients suffering from hematological disorders. A Candida-killing
      activity, the chemotactic response and other functions of the neutrophil
      leucocytes, were found impaired.

PMID- 3705666
TI  - [Photodynamic reaction to carprofen].
AB  - Photoreactions to Carprofen are increasingly reported on. Our patient underwent a
      photo patch test 9 months after he had taken Carprofen. We demonstrated a
      positive reaction to Carprofen, but could not prove any reaction to other non
      steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

PMID- 3705667
TI  - [5-Fluorouracil treatment of condylomata acuminata].
AB  - 25 patients (2 females, 23 males, 20 to 40-year-old) suffering from condylomata
      acuminata (19 genital, 2 anal, and 4 genitoanal lesions) were locally treated
      with salicylic acid containing 5-fluorouracil (Verrumal) once a day. This therapy
      resulted in complete healing within 12 days on an average. 5 patients showed a
      relaps after 2 weeks to 5 months and were treated again. The treatment failed in
      a 40-year-old patient suffering from condylomata acuminata genitalis.

PMID- 3705668
TI  - [How do I treat my neurodermatitis patients?].
AB  - My dermatitis patient must learn, with my help, to accept and to treat his
      diseased skin in such a manner that he is able to live with it without suffering.

PMID- 3705669
TI  - [How do I treat atopic neurodermatitis?].
AB  - The author presents his personal therapeutic principles with regard to atopic
      dermatitis using glucocorticoids antibiotics, and antihistamines. The role of
      diet as well as treatment with evening primrose seed oil are discussed.

PMID- 3705670
TI  - [Prednicarbate, a step forward in corticoid therapy].

PMID- 3705671
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics and biotransformation following topical use of the local
      corticoid prednicarbate].
AB  - Studies on absorption and distribution in both skin and organism, as well as on
      elimination and biotransformation were performed in rats, pigs, and rabbits
      following topical application of the corticoid prednisolone-17-ethyl carbonate-21
      propionate (prednicarbate; test name: Hoe 777), which had been labeled with 14C
      in position 4 for this purpose. After allowing the 0.25% greasy ointment to take
      effect for 6 hours, about half of the dose applied to rats and three quarters of
      that applied to pigs could be removed from the application area (rejection rate).
      Measurable blood levels, which could only be continuously determined in rats,
      initially occurred 0.5 to three hours after application; they remained very low
      throughout the experiment and finally reached concentrations between 0.007 and
      0.012 micrograms equivalents of prednicarbate per ml 24 hours after
      administration. The excretion rate was 5 to 6% of the dose applied to rats and
      maximally 1.9% in pigs. In rats, the absorption after dermal application on an
      average amounted to 14% in healthy skin and to 22% in abraded skin. In pigs, we
      received values of about 1% and 4%, respectively. Allowing for species-related
      differences, the low quantity of absorption was also proved in healthy skin of
      rats and rabbits by means of in vitro-studies. Thus the amount which had
      penetrated within 6 hours was 3.3% in the model of the isolated perfused rabbit
      ear and 0.3% in the penetration chamber model in rats. As adhesive tape
      strippings and histoautoradiographic studies revealed, the radioactivity was
      highest in the uppermost layers of the stratum corneum and fell with increasing
      depth of skin. Our studies demonstrated that the horny layer serves both as a
      reservoir and as a barrier for prednicarbate. Experimental impairment of the
      barrier function resulted in an increased amount of active substance penetrating
      through the skin. During its passage through the organism, prednicarbate is
      almost completely metabolized, its metabolic fate resembling largely the
      biotransformation pathway of prednisolone. Among the numerous biotransformation
      products (about 20-30), 20 beta F-20-dihydroprednisolone and 6 beta-hydroxy-20
      beta F-20-dihydroprednisolone were identified as the quantitatively most
      important metabolites in rats. On the basis of our results, we assume that at the
      site of action - the skin - highly potent prednicarbate becomes more and more
      changed by biotransformation on its way into the organism; this process results
      in formation of numerous metabolites, probably accounting for the very low
      systemic effect of the compound.

PMID- 3705672
TI  - [Chemistry and pharmacology of prednicarbate (Hoe 777), a halogen-free topical
      anti-inflammatory active derivative of prednisolone-17-ethyl carbonic acid
      ester].
AB  - Prednicarbate (Hoe 777) is a corticoid without halogenic groups (see formula Fig.
      1), showing a remarkably favorable split between topical and systemic anti
      inflammatory or rather corticoid effects, which could be proved by means of
      various animal experiments after dermal and systemic application. The topical
      efficacy resembles that of current corticoid preparations containing fluorine,
      but its systemic influence is definitely less.

PMID- 3705673
TI  - [Photographic follow-up of the topical use of prednicarbate preparations in
      inflammatory dermatoses].
AB  - In 20 patients suffering from acute or chronic inflammatory dermatoses, topical
      treatment with prednicarbate (Dermatop) was photographically documented and
      evaluated. Because of the rapid and pronounced anti-inflammatory and anti
      edematous effect of prednisolone-17-ethyl carbonic ester without halogenic
      groups, therapy took only 7 to 21 days. Since there was practically no
      suppression of the endogenic biosynthesis of cortisol and no atrophogenic
      potency, we expected a minimum of side effects along with a maximum of
      therapeutic results.

PMID- 3705674
TI  - [Galenic and clinico-pharmacologic studies of prednicarbate (Hoe 777)].
AB  - The corticoid prednicarbate (test name: Hoe 777) is derived from prednisolone
      having no halogenic groups (chemical name: prednisolone-17-ethyl carbonate-21
      propionate). Because of the specific physical and chemical properties of
      prednicarbate, galenic research strove to optimize the vehicle. Further
      development was only performed on those drug-containing bases showing especially
      good drug release (granting the most favorable action) in a) the vasoconstriction
      test and b) the UV erythema test practiced on volunteers with healthy skin.
      Exemplarily dealing with the special preparations predicarbate cream, ointment,
      and greasy ointment, we give some details of studies on drug dosage, vehicle
      selection, and the optimum water/lipid ratio.

PMID- 3705675
TI  - [Animal experiment studies on the topical and systemic effectiveness of
      prednisolone-17-ethylcarbonate-21-propionate].
AB  - Prednisolone-17-ethyl carbonate-21-propionate (PrEP, Hoe 777) was tested for
      antiinflammatory activity in various animal models by topical and systemic
      administration. In those models being indicative of topical efficacy, the potency
      of PrEP was the same as that of desoximetasone. However, systemic effects after
      topical administration of PrEP in shaved skin of the dorsum of rats were
      relatively weak compared with the reference compound. Moreover, there were less
      systemic corticoid effects after s.c. administration of PrEP than after
      desoximetasone. Thus, PrEP is obviously a compound with a considerable split of
      topical and systemic activity, suggesting its testing in man for systemic effects
      after topical administration.

PMID- 3705676
TI  - [Clinical studies with prednicarbate with special reference to double-blind
      comparisons with common therapeutic preparations].
AB  - We report on the clinical efficacy of the local corticoid prednicarbate (chemical
      name: prednisolone-17-ethyl carbonate-21-propionate). In a concentration of
      0.25%, it can be assigned to corticoid force class III. We think it's remarkable
      that even extensive application of 20 g daily in patients with affected skin and
      30 g daily in healthy persons does not cause any suppression of plasma cortisol.
      Extreme long-term application (12 months) in 4 test persons did not result in any
      clinical, histological, or electron microscopical signs of topical atrophy; only
      one case showed slight hypertrichosis. These studies show that we may regard the
      original opinion as disproved that efficacy and side effects of corticoids are
      always inseparably linked together. To our minds, this preparation constitutes an
      essential step towards solving the problem of long-term application of a topical
      corticoid wherever it may be necessary from the dermatologic point of view, e.g.
      especially in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis.

PMID- 3705677
TI  - [Comparison of left ventricular end-diastolic volume determined by radionuclide
      ventriculography, by contrast-media ventriculography and by a geometry
      independent method].
AB  - Ejection fraction and end-diastolic volume (EDV) are valuable parameters of left
      ventricular function. They can be measured by radionuclide ventriculography. This
      study examines EDV in comparison to two other methods. A comparison was made
      between EDV derived from radionuclide ventriculography (RNV), standard contrast
      ventriculography and a 'hybrid' method, which calculates EDV from ejection
      fraction, heart rate and thermodilution cardiac output. Two groups of patients
      were examined: 54 patients with various cardiac diseases by contrast and
      radionuclide ventriculography (RNV); and 18 patients with typical angina were
      examined by RNV at rest and during exercise three times: Control without
      medication, 20 minutes after 10 mg metoprolol i.v. and again 10 minutes after the
      second exercise and 10 mg isosorbide dinitrate sublingually. In comparison to
      contrast ventriculography RNV overestimated EDV by 27%, and in comparison to the
      hybrid method by 11% with satisfactory linearity. The extent of error increases
      with decrease of ventricular volume. The assumption that the two short axes of
      the left ventricle are equally long causes one quarter of total error. Errors
      caused by the algorithm delineating the borders of the left ventricle cannot be
      measured. For clinical purposes radionuclide ventricular EDV seems to yield
      satisfactory results.

PMID- 3705678
TI  - [Primary orthostatic hypotension].
AB  - We studied a 25-year-old man suffering from primary orthostatic hypotension whose
      blood pressure decreased to 65/45 mm Hg during orthostasis and to 95/70 mm Hg
      during ergometric exercise (50 and 100 watt), and whose heart rate responses were
      inadequate. Resting catecholamine levels were within the normal range and did not
      show any significant increase related to orthostasis or to ergometric exercise.
      Hypersensitivity was observed to low doses of intravenous noradrenaline and
      isoproterenol. Specific binding of 3H-Yohimbine to intact platelets revealed a
      normal number of alpha-2-adrenoreceptors in agreement with the adrenaline-induced
      platelet aggregation in vitro, which was, however, in contrast to
      hypersensitivity to noradrenaline. Specific 3H-Dihydroalprenolol binding to
      intact polymorphonuclear leucocytes revealed an increased beta-2-adrenoreceptor
      density in agreement with hypersensitivity to Isoproterenol. Prescription of
      Fludrocortison improved orthostatic hypotension.

PMID- 3705679
TI  - [Method for the direct comparison of the frequency behavior in QT- and activity
      controlled pacemaker systems].
AB  - A non-invasive method of testing the suitability of an activity-controlled
      pacemaker system in patients with VVT-programmable systems is presented. The QT
      time controlled TX-pacemaker of a 36-year-old patient was programmed into the VVT
      mode. Then the activity-controlled pacemaker (Activitrax) was fixed
      epicutaneously above the pectoral muscles and two stimulation electrodes were
      applied above the implanted pacer and the tip of the implanted probe. Thus the
      external could be made to trigger the implanted system. The frequency profile was
      recorded with identical loads with QT and/or activity control. For both the
      frequency-adapted pacemaker systems, the direct comparison yields characteristic
      frequency profiles: a quick frequency increase and decrease of both Activitrax
      and load, but a delayed frequency profile of the QT-controlled pacer. Different
      frequency maxima are rendered by the two pacemakers as a function of the load.

PMID- 3705680
TI  - [Graded criteria to assess the effectiveness of anti-arrhythmia therapy in
      patients with ventricular tachyarrhythmia by serial electrophysiological
      testing].
AB  - To test whether rendering ventricular tachycardia more difficult to induce during
      antiarrhythmic therapy can be considered as sufficient to predict long-term
      efficacy in patients with ventricular tachyarrhythmias, 95 patients were studied
      using a graded stimulation protocol (single and double premature stimuli during
      sinus rhythm and ventricular drive of 120, 140, 160 and 180 b.p.m.). After
      control, the effects of oral antiarrhythmic drugs on the ability to induce
      ventricular tachycardia were assessed. Median number of drug trials was 4 per
      patient. Following antiarrhythmic therapy 4 subgroups of patients were
      identified. In 36 patients there was no change in inducibility (group 1), whereas
      in 18 patients ventricular tachycardia was made more difficult to induce, i.e. a
      sustained ventricular tachycardia was inducible at a basic drive at least 40
      b.p.m. faster than control (group 2). In 34 patients, ventricular tachycardia
      induction was suppressed (group 3) and in 7 patients with non-sustained
      ventricular tachycardia only 3 to 7 beats were induced after treatment (group 4).
      During follow-up of 12 +/- 11.2 months 10 patients of group 1 had a recurrence of
      ventricular tachycardia and 6 died suddenly, whereas in group 2 only one patient
      died suddenly and in group 3 2 patients had a recurrence of ventricular
      tachycardia (group 1 versus 2 and 3 p less than .001, Mantel-Cox and Breslow;
      group 2 versus 3 no difference). Thus, making ventricular tachycardia more
      difficult to induce is a sufficient criterion to predict long-term efficacy of an
      antiarrhythmic drug regimen.

PMID- 3705681
TI  - [Therapy of refractory ventricular tachycardia by transvenous electrical
      ablation].
AB  - In 6 patients (mean age 49 +/- 11 years) with chronic recurrent ventricular
      tachycardia which were relatively slow during antiarrhythmic therapy and had been
      proven to be resistant to various antiarrhythmic drugs, catheter ablation of the
      site of origin of ventricular tachycardia was performed after endocardial
      activation and/or pace-mapping. According to the results of catheter mapping, the
      sites of origin of ventricular tachycardia were in the region of the infero
      lateral wall (n = 3), in the anterolateral wall (n = 1) and in the right
      ventricle (n = 2). In 3 cases, two ablative procedures were performed as the
      first was only transiently successful. A total of 51 shocks was delivered (200 J
      45 times, 100 J 5 times and 400 J once). The following complications were
      observed: multiple episodes of spontaneous, partly polymorphous ventricular
      tachycardia which degenerated into ventricular flutter on several episodes (n =
      1); transient third degree AV-block and intermittent complete right bundle branch
      block (n = 1); transient ST-elevation (n = 3); and self-terminating atrial
      tachycardia lasting for several minutes (n = 1). Immediately after the first
      ablative procedure, either no ventricular tachycardia could be induced any longer
      (n = 2) or non-clinical ventricular tachycardia was induced (n = 2). In the
      remaining 2 patients, programmed ventricular stimulation was not repeated
      immediately at the end of the ablative procedure. During a follow-up study at the
      end of the first week, the clinical ventricular tachycardia could be induced
      again in 3 of 4 cases. In 3 cases, a second ablative procedure was performed
      because of recurrences of ventricular tachycardia (n = 2) or syncope (n = 1).
      During final follow-up (mean 4.3 +/- 3.4 months), no recurrences of ventricular
      tachycardia were observed in 5 cases. In one case, recurrences occurred.
      Therefore, an automatic cardioverter was implanted. In conclusion, these
      preliminary results show that catheter ablation of drug-resistant ventricular
      tachycardia is feasible and may be an alternative to surgical procedures.

PMID- 3705682
TI  - [Importance of transesophageal echocardiography in the diagnosis of cardiac and
      paracardiac space-occupying processes].
AB  - The diagnostic value of transoesophageal echocardiography in the detection of
      cardiac and extracardiac masses has not yet been properly established. We
      therefore studied 23 patients (7 males, 16 females, mean age 54.7 years) using
      transoesophageal echocardiography in addition to conventional transthoracic
      echocardiography. Nine patients had an atrial thrombus, 6 an atrial myxoma and 8
      extracardiac masses. The studies were performed without complications.
      Transthoracic as well as transoesophageal echocardiographic detection of atrial
      thrombus or myxoma (n = 15) was successful in all patients except 1 with a
      thrombus in the left atrial appendix, which could only be visualized by
      transoesophageal echocardiography. In contrast, accurate diagnosis of
      extracardiac masses could be established only by transoesophageal
      echocardiography in 5 of 8 patients (62.5%). In all 23 patients the judgement of
      the mobility of the tumor, as well as its acoustic properties and wall adherence
      was markedly facilitated by transoesophageal echocardiography. Thus, this method
      is a useful diagnostic tool for detection of extracardiac masses, whereas in
      patients with atrial thrombus or myxoma it can give important additional
      information.

PMID- 3705683
TI  - [Physical performance capacity, metabolism and hormonal behavior as affected by
      diltiazem].
AB  - After giving their informed consent, 16 healthy male physical education students
      received daily dose of 3 X 60 mg diltiazem or placebo respectively in a double
      blind cross-over experimental set-up for consecutive test phases of 3 weeks each.
      The behaviour of physical performance capacity, metabolism and hormones under
      diltiazem was investigated during incremental performance tests and during
      continuous endurance tests on the treadmill. Maximum performance capacity and
      maximum oxygen uptake as well as endurance capacity remained uninfluenced. Under
      maximum as well as under lower work loads heart rates were reduced by 3-10
      beats/min. Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism including the lipoproteins as well
      as HGH, cortisol and insulin showed the same behaviour under diltiazem and
      placebo. Adrenaline and noradrenaline in blood plasma also remained uninfluenced.
      An impairment of physical performance capacity under diltiazem is not to be
      expected. This finding is of major importance for persons treated with diltiazem
      who engage in sport.

PMID- 3705684
TI  - [Course of left-ventricular contraction in left bundle-branch block and its
      hemodynamic effects].
AB  - The aim of the study was to analyse the left ventricular contraction pattern in
      left bundle branch block (LBBB), to create experimentally a comparable pattern in
      animals and to relate this to haemodynamic measurements. In 20 normal subjects
      and 16 patients with LBBB without coronary heart disease we performed computer
      assisted segmental left ventricular wall motion analysis during various systolic
      periods using two-dimensional echocardiography. The normal subjects showed on
      average a uniform shortening of all segments in systole; in patients with LBBB,
      however, asynchronous contractions of various types and intensities were found.
      Examination of the contraction pattern of each LBBB patient within the confidence
      range of the normal subjects showed that in 94% there was an abnormally small
      shortening of one of the sectors at one time in the second part of systole, and
      in 74% in the region of the interventricular septum. A "septum index" showed
      significant differences (p less than 0.0025) between LBBB patients and normal
      subjects. By right ventricular stimulation of the apex (RVA) and the outflow
      tract (RVOT) we simulated these contraction patterns in 6 dogs. With RVA
      stimulation the left ventricular contraction pattern was nearly physiological,
      while with RVOT stimulation the septum movement was paradoxical. With RVA
      stimulation cardiac output measured by thermodilution was higher (3.45 vs. 3.11
      l/min, p less than 0.002) and the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure lower
      (7.0 vs. 8.0 mm Hg, p less than 0.002) than on RVOT stimulation; aortic pressure
      and the first derivative of left ventricular pressure did not differ
      significantly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3705685
TI  - [Disorders of intraventricular conduction in patients with calcified aortic valve
      diseases: pre- and postoperative incidence and effect on prognosis following
      aortic valve replacement].
AB  - The incidence and prognostic significance of intraventricular conduction
      disturbances following aortic valve replacement was studied in a retrospective
      analysis of the records of 210 patients who had undergone aortic valve
      replacement for calcified aortic valve disease (dominant stenosis) between
      05/01/1978 and 09/30/1983. Preoperatively, left anterior hemiblock was a common
      finding (9.6%), whereas LBBB, RBBB, and RBBB + LAFB were only found in 1.9, 1.0,
      and 1.0%, respectively. Following aortic valve replacement, the incidence of new
      conduction disturbances was 22.1% (n = 46): 19 LBBB, 16 LAFB, 6 RBBB, 3 RBBB +
      LAFB, 2 complete AV-blocks. In about half of the cases of LBBB and LAFB the ECG
      normalized within one week postoperatively. Thus, the incidence of persisting
      conduction disturbances was only 14.4%. Four patients died early (early mortality
      rate 1.9%), and 11 patients died later postoperatively during a 38 month follow
      up. The 4-year cardiac survival rate of patients with pre- and/or postoperative
      conduction disturbances was similar to the 4-year cardiac survival rate of those
      patients who had never shown this complication (93.2 +/- 4.1 vs. 94.7 +/- 2.1%).

PMID- 3705686
TI  - [Surgical therapy of intracardiac infected pacemaker electrodes and catheter
      remnants].
AB  - With the increase of pacemaker and central venous catheter implantation the
      number of intracardiac infections now constitutes a significant problem. Twenty
      patients between 22 and 77 years of age admitted for intracardial infected
      pacemaker probes or central venous catheter remnants presented with recurring
      attacks of endocarditic fever; in one case multiple pulmonary abscesses resulted
      from septic embolization. Staphylococci were the most frequently involved
      organism (75%). Risk factors leading to intracardiac infection were local
      reoperations and diabetes mellitus. Removal of the foreign body was achieved by
      cardiotomy in all cases. Twelve patients were operated upon without the use of
      the heart-lung machine, but extracorporeal circulation was necessary in 8
      patients. There was one fatality in each of the 2 techniques, for a total
      mortality rate of 10%. In all cases the foreign bodies were removed without
      intracardial damage and the endocarditis was cured. When attempts at external
      extraction fail, the foreign body should be removed by either open or closed
      cardiotomy. This limits the danger of injury to the heart and of embolization of
      septic or thrombotic material. The use of the heart-lung machine is especially
      indicated in the presence of widespread, firm adhesions, or large bacterial
      vegetations and thrombi.

PMID- 3705687
TI  - [Heart involvement in progressive external ophthalmoplegia (Kearns-Sayre
      syndrome): electrophysiologic, hemodynamic and morphologic findings].
AB  - The Kearns-Sayre syndrome is combined with a progressive external ophthalmoplegia
      (PEO), retinal pigmentary degeneration and heart block. In some patients,
      progression of incomplete forms has been described and potentially fatal
      conduction disturbances may occur. The disease is considered as a systemic
      mitochondrial disorder. As part of an ongoing prospective study 6 patients (3
      female, 3 male; age 32 +/- 9 years) with PEO and typical ultrastructural changes
      of a mitochondrial myopathy in their skeletal muscle were examined. The ECG
      disclosed atrio/intraventricular conduction defects in 5 patients: 1 patient had
      a third degree AV block which was treated by a pacemaker. Another patient had
      left anterior fascicular block with complete right bundle branch block. In 3
      other patients an incomplete right bundle branch block was registered. In 1
      patient, His-bundle electrography disclosed a block distal to His by atrial high
      rate pacing before and after i.v. injection of ajmaline; prophylactically a
      pacemaker was implanted. The mean HV-interval increased significantly under
      ajmaline by 44% in patients with sinus rhythm. Hemodynamic studies were normal in
      5 patients at rest; only 1 patient was abnormal during exercise. Myocardial
      biopsy demonstrated mitochondrial abnormalities such as variability in shape and
      size. In 4 patients concentric cristae mitochondriales were seen. Our results
      suggest that atrioventricular conduction defects are common in patients with PEO.
      By means of endomyocardial catheterbiopsy a mitochondrial cardiomyopathy could be
      detected.

PMID- 3705688
TI  - [Persisting volume overload of the left ventricle following surgical correction
      of chronic aortic insufficiency].
AB  - After aortic valve replacement for chronic aortic regurgitation, complete
      normalization of the left ventricular end-diastolic volume can rarely be
      observed. We therefore investigated the role of continual volume overload caused
      by persisting concomitant mitral regurgitation. 20 patients who received an
      aortic valve for chronic aortic regurgitation (group 1), 5 patients after
      operation for aortic stenosis (group 2) and 6 patients with double valve
      replacement because of aortic and mitral valve lesions were included in the study
      1 to 108 months after operation. All patients were examined clinically and by
      combined first pass/equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography. In the case of
      significant regurgitation (greater than 20%) 2-dimensional colour-coded Doppler
      echocardiography was performed in patients of group 1 to localize the regurgitant
      lesion. 15 patients of group 1 had a typical systolic murmur indicating mitral
      regurgitation. 14 of these patients had significant scintigraphic left-sided
      heart regurgitation: 7 patients had regurgitant fractions between 21 and 40%; 6
      patients between 41 and 60%; in 1 patient RF was 64%. Echocardiography confirmed
      mitral regurgitation in 9 of 11 of these cases. No significant regurgitation was
      observed in patients of group 2; mild regurgitation was measured in 5 of 6
      patients of group 3 (26 to 31%). We conclude that in patients with chronic aortic
      regurgitation complete normalization of the left ventricular end-diastolic volume
      after valve replacement may not occur in some patients because of persisting
      mitral regurgitation.

PMID- 3705689
TI  - [Modification of hemodynamics by intravenous administration of flecainide].
AB  - We investigated the influence of the new class-I antiarrhythmic drug flecainide
      on myocardial performance and hemodynamic parameters in Wistar rats (2 mg, 4 mg,
      8 mg flecainide/kg). Left ventricular and aortic pressures, dp/dt max, cardiac
      output and additionally isovolumic left ventricular maxima curves were registered
      5 min and 15 min after flecainide (n = 28) or saline (controls; n = 12) i.v.
      infusion (7 min). 2 mg and 4 mg flecainide/kg had no significant effect on
      isovolumic indices. 5 min after infusion of 8 mg flecainide/kg peak isovolumic
      left ventricular pressure was reduced by 84.9 +/- 2.6% vs. 95.6 +/- 1.1% (NaCl),
      mean +/- SEM (p less than 0.01) and peak isovolumic dp/dt max by 44.5 +/- 4.5%
      vs. 91.5 +/- 3.6% (NaCl), mean +/- SEM (p less than 0.01). Flecainide caused a
      significant reduction of heart rate (81.9 +/- 4.7%, 2 mg flecainide/kg vs. 95.4 +
      2.5% (NaCl), an AV-block occurred only after administration of 8 mg/kg. Mean
      aortic pressure was decreased after 4 mg and 8 mg flecainide/kg. 8 mg
      flecainide/kg significantly reduced the cardiac output (73.1 +/- 7.7%, p less
      than 0.05). 15 min after 2 mg and 4 mg flecainide/kg infusion the determined
      parameters were normalized, only a dose of 8 mg/kg caused a prolonged hemodynamic
      depression. Our results demonstrate that in clinically used dosages no
      hemodynamic side-effects are detectable. A significant reduction of isovolumic
      indices of myocardial performance occurs only after infusion of 8 mg
      flecainide/kg. A transfer of laboratory experiments to the clinical situation is
      only possible with limitations, but our data might indicate that the myocardial
      and hemodynamic side-effects of flecainide are relatively small at therapeutic
      dosages.

PMID- 3705690
TI  - [Cervical aortic arch--symptoms and diagnosis in 2 children].
AB  - Two children with cervical aortic arch are presented. This anomaly is very rare.
      In one patient cervical aortic arch Type A (Haughton) was associated with a
      ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus. In the other child we
      report the only case of cervical aortic arch (Type B) in association with partial
      anomalous pulmonary venous return.

PMID- 3705691
TI  - [Observation of dependent and independent behavior in a German old age home: the
      social environment as an influencing factor].
AB  - The present study was an attempt to replicate observational data on dependence
      vs. independence obtained from American nursing home populations. For a period of
      three weeks naturally occurring interactions between 39 residents of a nursing
      home and their social partners were observed daily. The results of the
      replication study support the findings concerning the interaction patterns
      demonstrated in the American studies. Dependent behavior of residents in the
      context of self-care is followed most frequently by dependence-supportive
      behavior of social partners; independent self-care behavior as well as passive
      and destructively engaged behavior of residents is followed by "no response" of
      social partners, while constructively engaged behavior sometimes entails
      engagement-supportive behavior by social partners. As for the frequency
      distribution of the observed behavior there is both consistency as well as
      divergence between the American and Berlin data. These differences are partly the
      result of culturally linked differences in customs and administrative habits
      developed in the daily routine of an institution.

PMID- 3705692
TI  - [Documentation of rehabilitated patients at a medical geriatric clinic].
AB  - A total of 973 data sheets and case histories of patients who were discharged in
      1983 from the Medical-Geriatric Clinic of the Albertinen-Haus in Hamburg have
      been evaluated. The patients either died at the clinic or were transferred to
      other hospitals or homes for the aged. Out of the total of 973 patients, 290
      (29.8%) were male and 683 (70.2%) were female. The average age was 76.36 years.
      62.5% of the examined patients were transferred from general hospitals (608).
      35.14% were either admitted from their homes, homes for the aged and nursing
      homes, or the geriatric day care centre. On examination 80 patients were found to
      be dependent on long-term nursing care. A total of 64 (6.58%) patients died.
      Patients stayed on average 38 days. With 31.75% hemiplegia was the most frequent
      diagnosis. Married men were found to be more dependent on nursing care and their
      rate of mortality (9.65%) was higher than that of women (5.27%). However, they
      were discharged earlier. Otherwise older single women were admitted to nursing
      homes or long-term nursing wards more frequently, although they were in a
      relatively better state of health. In 73% of all cases the estimated success of
      rehabilitation was positive, and in 23% negative, because no improvement of the
      general state of health was noticed. The main diagnosis and the state of health
      on admission were determining factors for evaluating the success of
      rehabilitation. If the general condition was poor on admission, it correlated
      with a significaning longer stay, a deteriorated state of health on discharge,
      poor rehabilitation and a higher rate of mortality.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3705693
TI  - [Are the home structure, staff and residents adaptable--how far should they be?].
AB  - This paper deals basically with the question: Should residents adapt
      unconditionally to homes or should homes be structured such as to be able to
      adapt to needs and abilities of the residents? Depending on the image officials,
      planners und the staff have of elderly people, one can arrive at different
      answers to this question. In particular, based on different images, the paper
      discusses consequences and design requirements in respect to a) the planning und
      the management of homes, b) the behavior of the staff and c) the preservation and
      deterioration respectively of abilities of the residents.

PMID- 3705694
TI  - [The demand for homes in old age].
AB  - A study is reported of the utilization of non-clinical institutional care
      (geriatric and old people's homes) by the elderly inhabitants of Mannheim (pop.
      306,000). The aim of the research was to establish the probability of admission
      to institutional care of an elderly person from this population, and to examine
      the influence of socio-demographic features. Under the West German health
      insurance system, most of the long-stay care of the elderly is provided not in
      hospitals but in nursing and geriatric homes. Data were collected on age at
      admission, place of residence before admission, duration of stay, age at death
      and place of death, as well as on the financial basis of care. The data were
      gathered retrospectively, the sample consisting of all inhabitants of Mannheim
      over 65 years old who died in the year 1982 (N = 2,585). At any given time only
      about four per cent of the elderly population will be in institutional care. In
      this respect, Mannheim is typical for the Federal Republic of Germany. However,
      the research findings demonstrate that approximately one elderly person in five
      will spend the last period of his life in this type of care. Seen in this light,
      the geriatric and old people's homes acquire a much greater social significance
      than is revealed by the number of institutional places alone.

PMID- 3705695
TI  - [Anomie in the multigenerational family: children and the care of their elderly
      parents].
AB  - When one of the older parents starts to require intensive and lasting care, to a
      certain extent an anomic situation will arise in the older family, between
      children and parents as well as between the children themselves. There is some
      kind of ambivalence between the generations within the kinship system, which can
      also be shown historically. It is possible that this ambivalence may even be
      enlarged by recent structural and cultural developments within the kinship
      system. Based on a family crisis model a lack of clarity within the older family
      is shown as to the expectations and obligations to each other. The spiral of the
      failing competence of the family to handle the care question mostly has its roots
      in the anomic situation surrounding the organisation of the care activities. To
      support our anomy hypothesis some problems in taking care of the older parents
      are analyzed; how they are looked at and handled by the children and how they are
      negotiated by the parents. Open interviews and some cases are the basis for this
      analysis and some conclusions in handling the anomic situation are presented.

PMID- 3705696
TI  - [A differential view and validation of the life-satisfaction construct: an
      analysis of proven procedures and recommendations for a methodologically based
      approach in measuring the dimensions of this construct].
AB  - A combined factor analysis of 2 life satisfaction scales (Wiendieck: LSI, Lawton:
      PGC) and a somatic symptoms checklist (Lauter: Beschwerdeliste) resulted in 7
      factors. Five of them replicate relatively reliable and valid dimensions, which
      have been described separately in several publications. The dimensions can be
      termed: (1) "Social Integration/Loneliness", (2) "Satisfaction with Life in Old
      Age", (3) "Subjective Somatic Symptoms", (4) "Tranquility/Insecurity, Concern",
      (5) "Retrospective Congruence". The consolidating element of this study is to
      compose proved dimensions into a broader multidimensional construct of life
      satisfaction. Aiming at standardisation in this field, we propose a relatively
      short and simply analysable questionnaire, measuring these dimensions. Besides
      this we give hints for experimental design and control of confounding effects.

PMID- 3705698
TI  - [Occupational fields and professional opportunities of German gerontologists--a
      report based on a survey of the members of the German Society for Gerontology].
AB  - The report is based on a written questionnaire sent to the members of the
      Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Gerontologie. The rate of return amounted on average to
      45% with all four Sections of the Association well represented. 40% of those who
      answered claim to be active in the scientific field only, 47% work as scientists
      and practitioners at the same time, and another 9% dedicate their work to
      practice only. The span of professions as well as branches of science and their
      specialities is very broad. It may thus be assumed that member composition is a
      guarantee for multidisciplinarity. 62% of the members who answered claim to have
      good career prospects in the profession they represent and in their branch of
      occupation, i.e. in gerontology/geriatrics or in practical fields of work
      dedicated to applying such knowledge. Nevertheless, one fifth of the members of
      this professional association see no professional perspectives in the fields
      named, although their membership in the Association points to a vested interest.
      One fifth of the members, not identical with the group referred to above, state
      that they see no chances of employment in gerontology/geriatrics or their fields
      of application in the long run, or they refrain from presenting a judgment on the
      grounds of prevailing uncertainty. Critical comments made concern the situation
      of gerontology/geriatrics in the Federal Republic of Germany. This branch of
      science is seen as receiving too little recognition and the degree of
      institutionalisation reached is judged to be rather unsatisfactory.

PMID- 3705697
TI  - [Old people in homes].
AB  - With regard to gerontological problems (multiple morbidity, insufficient
      epidemiological knowledge, under-assessment of mental illness, displacement) the
      results of a total survey of residents over 65 of age in all the geriatric
      nursing homes and homes for the elderly in the Berlin (W) district of
      Charlottenburg are presented. Our main interest was in the following items:
      diagnosis, psychopathology, clinical and personal data, medical and social care,
      extent of personal contacts with non-residents, and the institutional
      environment. Results are discussed and inferences for better care, particularly
      of the mentally ill residents, are indicated.

PMID- 3705699
TI  - [Sex-dependent variations in the institutional career of mentally ill older
      patients].
AB  - The institutional career of all patients over 60 years admitted to a German state
      hospital during a period of 3 years is investigated with special emphasis on
      gender differences. It is also studied whether in both genders the kind of the
      psychiatric disorder, the overall somatic status and the living arrangements are
      of different importance for the duration of the first hospitalization and the
      decision to discharge the patient or to transfer him to a nursing home.

PMID- 3705700
TI  - [Determination of superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1.) in blood and other
      tissues].

PMID- 3705701
TI  - [Rationalization of the determination of serial enzyme activities in the
      diagnosis and follow-up of acute myocardial infarct].

PMID- 3705702
TI  - [Apparatus for the centrifugation of cell suspensions and microvolumes in
      capillaries].

PMID- 3705703
TI  - [Use of apolipoprotein B subfractionation for the detection of catabolic
      disorders of intestinal lipoproteins].

PMID- 3705704
TI  - [Methodological aspects of the determination of thiobarbituric acid-reactive
      substances in plasma].

PMID- 3705705
TI  - [A simple procedure for producing monospecific antisera to C-reactive protein in
      the human].

PMID- 3705706
TI  - [Turbidimetric protein determination with benzethonium chloride and
      sulfosalicylic acid].

PMID- 3705707
TI  - [Rapid ultraviolet-absorption photometric determination of the protein content of
      aqueous extracts in the microgram area using Na2O2].

PMID- 3705708
TI  - [Determination of platinum in urine].

PMID- 3705710
TI  - IgE response in Strongyloides ratti-infected rats with special reference to the
      life cycle of the parasite.
AB  - Parasite-specific IgE antibody response was examined in Strongyloides ratti
      infected rats. The results showed that the parasite-specific IgE antibody
      response was generated after a primary infection. However, repeated infections
      rather depressed the level of parasite-specific IgE antibody in the serum.
      Immunization limited to specific stages of the parasite revealed that stimulation
      of parasite-specific IgE antibody was related to the intestinal adult stage. On
      the other hand, depression of IgE titers was related to the tissue-migrating
      larval stage. The capacity of the each stage of the parasite to induce specific
      IgE response may be related to the variable results of the IgE responses in human
      strongyloidiasis.

PMID- 3705709
TI  - Giardia lamblia: identification of different strains from man.
AB  - Four axenically cultured human Giardia lamblia isolates from Jerusalem (KC-1, 2,
      3 and 4) and one from Bethesda (WB) were compared. Three distinct groups were
      defined by agglutination response to rabbit anti-G. lamblia sera viz. WB; KC-3;
      and KC-1, 2 and 4. The same major groups were identified by isoenzyme analysis
      using thin-layer starch-gel electrophoresis, each group differing from the others
      in three or more of five enzymes studied. In addition, a single enzyme difference
      distinguished KC-2 from KC-1 and 4. These findings reveal significant
      heterogeneity in G. lamblia isolates both from widely separated areas and within
      a single region. Immunoassays for diagnosis of giardiasis should take into
      account the differences between strains. Heterogeneity among G. lamblia strains
      may explain the variable clinical manifestations, host response and treatment
      efficacy characteristic of human giardiasis.

PMID- 3705711
TI  - Effect of UV-irradiation, spleen cells and MLN cells on protective immunity
      against Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in mice.
AB  - The UV-irradiated larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis were used for inducing
      immunity in mice. A single oral dose of 100 infective UV-irradiated larvae
      exposed for 5 min or 15 min induced 91% and 97% protection against subsequent
      infection. Adoptive protection against A. cantonensis could also be transferred
      by spleen and mesenteric lymph node cells obtained from vaccinated mice.

PMID- 3705712
TI  - Sperm transfer in Echinococcus (Cestoda: Taeniidae).

PMID- 3705713
TI  - The influence of trifluoperazine (stellazine) on Hymenolepis diminuta in vivo.

PMID- 3705714
TI  - In vitro survival of Echinococcus granulosus protoscolices in several media, at
      +4 degrees C and +37 degrees C.
AB  - As a first step towards hydatid disease control, the in vitro survival of
      protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus was investigated for various media and
      temperatures. Higher percentage survival was obtained than previously reported:
      at 4 degrees C, 100% survival was obtained for 20 days in medium 199 (GIBCO) and
      for 25 days in hydatid fluid from the host of origin. Maximal survival was 30% at
      55 days in these conditions. Flame cell activity was the criterion of choice for
      viability. At 37 degrees C survival rates were lower and morphological changes in
      protoscolices were observed.

PMID- 3705715
TI  - Prostaglandin therapy at the local level for neonates with critical heart
      defects.

PMID- 3705716
TI  - [Reproductive function of Papio hamadryas living freely in an animal preserve].

PMID- 3705718
TI  - [Comparative pathology of Papio hamadryas].

PMID- 3705717
TI  - [Reproductive indices and sex behavior of Macaca taxicularis].

PMID- 3705719
TI  - [Antistress and antineurotic action of psychotropic preparations in experiments
      on monkeys].

PMID- 3705720
TI  - [Use of rhesus macaques in studying the mechanisms of development of primary
      arterial hypertension].

PMID- 3705721
TI  - [Locomotion and forms of primate behavior].

PMID- 3705722
TI  - [Group behavior and manipulation activity of primates in light of the problems of
      anthropogenesis].

PMID- 3705723
TI  - [Endocrine function of the testes in experiments on Papio hamadryas].

PMID- 3705724
TI  - [Evaluation of the mutagenic properties of contraceptive hormonal preparations in
      monkeys].

PMID- 3705725
TI  - [Monkeys as used in the study of the cytogenetic sequelae of radiation].

PMID- 3705727
TI  - [Use of monkeys as a model to evaluate the efficacy of microbial biopreparations
      in diseases related to dysbacteriosis].

PMID- 3705726
TI  - [Comparative study of the immunogenicity of meningococcal vaccines in experiments
      on monkeys and trials in volunteers].

PMID- 3705728
TI  - [Artificial circulation during profound hypothermia in young children].

PMID- 3705729
TI  - [Chief patterns in the reproduction of Papio hamadryas at the Sukhumi monkey
      nursery].

PMID- 3705730
TI  - [Evaluation of the efficacy of laser photochemotherapy by the urocanic acid
      content of skin surface washings].

PMID- 3705731
TI  - [Features of immunologic disorders in basaliomas of the skin and their
      therapeutic correction].

PMID- 3705732
TI  - [Experimental model of combined Candida lesions of the skin and mucous
      membranes].

PMID- 3705733
TI  - [Instruction in venereology of interns in an obstetric-gynecologic program].

PMID- 3705734
TI  - [Experience with the treatment of psoriatic arthritis using tigazon].

PMID- 3705735
TI  - [Treatment of lichen ruber planus of the oral mucosa using an aromatic retinoid
      (RO 10-9359)].

PMID- 3705736
TI  - [Organization and experience in treating psoriasis at the Santa Maria health
      resort in Cuba].

PMID- 3705737
TI  - [Bullous-ulcerative lichen ruber planus of the palms and soles].

PMID- 3705738
TI  - [Use of a urea emulsion in the treatment of dry skin].

PMID- 3705739
TI  - [Photochemotherapy of parapsoriasis nodularis].

PMID- 3705740
TI  - [Hemochromatosis].

PMID- 3705741
TI  - [Changes in skin receptors following exposure to ionizing radiation].

PMID- 3705742
TI  - [Dermatitis caused by grapes].

PMID- 3705743
TI  - [Analysis of changes in the functional activity of neutrophils in patients with
      different clinical forms of zooanthroponotic trichophytoses].

PMID- 3705744
TI  - [Error in the diagnosis of tertiary syphilis].

PMID- 3705745
TI  - [Immune status of patients with secondary recurrent syphilis and changes in it
      during treatment].

PMID- 3705746
TI  - [Evoked potentials during the elaboration of a conditioned reflex to hippocampal
      stimulation in rats].
AB  - In experiments on 9 rats, the study of evoked potentials (EPs) of the CA1 field
      of the dorsal hippocampus to stimulation of its symmetrical part serving as a
      signal of drinking conditioned reflex (CR) showed that during reflex elaboration,
      the amplitude of the main EP components significantly decreased; CR did not
      appear when the population spike (PS) was absent in the hippocampal response. PS
      always accompanying CR was not specific only of it, it was also recorded at other
      behavioural reactions. Changes of fascia dentata EPs in the process of CR
      elaboration to stimulation of its symmetrical part consisted in decrease of the
      initial negative wave and increase of the positive one. The obtained data point
      to a significant reconstruction of excitatory and inhibitory inputs to the
      hippocampus and fascia dentata under the influence of conditioned activity.

PMID- 3705747
TI  - [Role of the giant serotonin-containing cell of the cerebral ganglion in the
      edible snail in organizing its food-acquiring behavior].
AB  - By adding dopamine or serotonin to a bath with snail's isolated nervous system
      and by intracellular activation of giant cerebral serotonergic cells it was
      established in neurophysiological experiments that, in spite of activating effect
      of serotonin on buccal motorneurones, dopamine is the transmitter triggering
      feeding movements of the buccal mass and feeding pattern in buccal motorneurones.
      This conclusion is confirmed by behavioural experiments in which an experimental
      group was injected by neruotoxin 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine selectively impairing
      serotonergic neurones. The consumatory phase of feeding (triggered by dopamine)
      did not change in treated animals, while the appetitive phase was significantly
      impaired. It was noted that the giant metacerebral cell was activated during
      burst activity in buccal motoneurones. The conclusion is made that giant
      serotonergic cerebral cells only modulate but do not trigger the feeding
      behaviour in the snail Helix lucorum.

PMID- 3705748
TI  - [Trace conditioned reflexes in the early ontogeny of the dog].

PMID- 3705749
TI  - [Electroencephalogram dynamics in rat adaptive behavior].

PMID- 3705750
TI  - [Asymmetry of the transcallosal responses in the parietal cortex of kittens in
      the 1st month of life].
AB  - In acute experiments on kittens the process of formation of asymmetry of
      transcallosal responses (TCR) was studied in multiple leads from symmetrical
      points of the parietal cortex. By the early positive-negative TCR complex,
      vanishing as a result of callosotomy, predominance of positive components in the
      right hemisphere was found in 2-7 days kittens, whereas in 8-24 days animals the
      left hemisphere dominated by both phases of responses. By the late TCR component
      preserved after section of the callosal body, left-hemispheric asymmetry was
      found in the elder group of kittens; it was absent in the younger animals. TCR
      asymmetry in the parietal cortex depended on the sex of the animals. With their
      age its inversion and enhancement took place. This process is based on the
      increase of TCR amplitude in the left hemisphere, with no increase in the right
      hemisphere.

PMID- 3705751
TI  - [Intercentral relations of the electrical processes of the rabbit brain with a
      polarization dominant].
AB  - The dynamics of changes in intercentral relations of electrical activity of the
      sensorimotor and premotor zones of both hemispheres and the ventroposterolateral
      (VPL) nucleus of the left and right thalamus at formation of motor dominant under
      the action of the DC anode in the rabbit sensorimotor cortex was studied by the
      method of spectral-correlation analysis. It is shown that in the much less than
      dominant much greater than motor analyzer (the sensorimotor cortex and VPL)
      highly coherent connections of electrical processes are formed in the delta-range
      with conjugated lowering of biopotential connections between the structures of
      the motor analyzer of the much less than nondominant much greater than part of
      the brain. At the same time differently directed connections of electrical
      processes are formed between the structures of the motor analyzer, and between
      the premotor cortex and focus area. Thus, during formation of the much less than
      polarization much greater than dominant, a new structure of the intercentral
      relations of electrical processes is established not only in the much less than
      dominant much greater than but also in the other half of the brain.

PMID- 3705752
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of the neuronal activity of the anterodorsal and
      anteroventral nuclei in thalamus slices from guinea pigs].
AB  - Extracellular investigation of neurons of the anterodorsal (AD) and anteroventral
      (AV) nuclei in the incubated slices of the thalamus of guinea pigs and rabbits
      revealed unusual properties of the AD units. They responded only to electrical
      stimuli of considerable duration (1-5 ms) by multispike initial bursts or by
      prolonged (1-15 s) high frequency phasic discharges. Summation of effects of
      successive stimuli following with intervals of 2-30 s was necessary for
      development of phasic discharges. Prolonged refractory state (up to 2-15 s)
      followed the discharges. They were blocked in low Ca2+, high Mg2+ medium and
      facilitated in a medium with high concentration of K+. The nature of unusual
      properties of AD neurons, not present in the neighbouring AV nucleus, are
      discussed.

PMID- 3705753
TI  - [Effect of taste deafferentation on the preference for solutions of saccharose,
      saccharin and salt in rats].
AB  - The preference of sucrose, saccharin and salt solutions to water was analyzed
      during 5 days in rats with bilateral section of the lingual nerve comprising the
      taste nerve--chorda tympani. In the process of the analysis of daily consumption
      and choice of solutions, different types of behavioural reactions were found:
      stable preference and change of preference. The number of rats preferring NaCl
      was greater among the animals with sectioned lingual nerve than among sham
      operated control rats and rats with ligated ducts of submaxillary and sublingual
      salivary glands. The number of rats with the lingual nerve section preferring
      sucrose or saccharin solutions to water was equal to that among the sham-operated
      rats. At the same time the mean volume of sucrose solution taken in daily by rats
      with sectioned lingual nerve was twice as great as the volume of saccharin, drunk
      by the same animals. The role of taste in the process of choice and preference of
      NaCl to sweet solutions is discussed.

PMID- 3705754
TI  - [Reactivity of the cortical neurons to acetylcholine in rats].
AB  - Activity of 55 neurons of the sensorimotor cerebral cortex of rats was recorded
      at iontophoretic application of acetylcholine. 36% of neurons exhibited an
      excitatory reaction, 30%--inhibitory-excitatory, 18%--inhibitory-excitatory
      inhibitory and 16%--excitatory-inhibitory reactions; the type of reaction, in
      contrast to its expressiveness, did not depend on the the type of reaction, in
      contrast to its expressiveness, did not depend on the strength of phoresis
      current. Duration of the excitatory components entering reactions of all neurons
      formed a continuous series of values in the range of 1.4 to 16 s and had 2 maxima
      -at the 4-th and 8-th seconds. It is suggested that duration of this component of
      reaction reflects important functional properties of the nerve cell.

PMID- 3705756
TI  - [Reflection of the plastic properties of 2 neurons with a common monosynaptic
      input in the statistical characteristics of their impulse activity].
AB  - Changes of cross-correlation histograms (CCH) of impulse trains and of mean
      interspike intervals (ISI) of neurones N1 and N2 with a common monosynaptic
      excitatory or inhibitory-excitatory input from N3, at changes of efficiency of
      interneuronal connections, neurone excitability and summate action on them of
      independent random afferent synaptic inflows were studied by methods of
      mathematical and biomathematical modelling of neuronal interaction. It was shown
      that the increase of amplitude of the central peak (trough) of a normalized CCH
      of N1-N2 accompanied by reduction of mean ISI of N1 and N2, is either a sign of
      an increase of the amplitude of postsynaptic potentials of N1 and N2 elicited by
      impulses of the nonrecorded N3 or a sign of an increase of mean ISI of N3.

PMID- 3705755
TI  - [Magnitude of the potential generated in the nerve cell of molluscs in a low
      frequency electric field].
AB  - The distribution of potential in CNS neurones under the action of extracullular
      electric current was studied in snails. The voltage drop occurred mainly on the
      cellular membrane. The contribution of processes to the potential induced in the
      cell is evaluated.

PMID- 3705757
TI  - [Participation of the cortical dopaminergic mechanism in latent inhibition in
      cats].

PMID- 3705758
TI  - [Changes in the evoked potentials of the rabbit visual cortex during stimulation
      of the raphe nuclei and locus coeruleus].

PMID- 3705759
TI  - [New form for generating systems of food-acquiring conditioned reflexes in
      animals].

PMID- 3705760
TI  - [Recording of animal motor activity and its processing by using the Elektronika
      D3-28 microcomputer].

PMID- 3705761
TI  - [Electrophysiological analysis of the perceptive activities of children with
      normal and retarded mental development].
AB  - Visual EPs of the occipital, parieto-temporal-occipital, parietal and central
      areas of the left and right hemispheres in response to unilaterally presented
      stimuli (figures) were analyzed in normal and developmentally backward children.
      In tasks of detection and recognition of the signal, developmentally backward
      children manifested a lowered reactivity of associative cerebral structures,
      especially of the left hemisphere, during perceptive activity, and a changed, in
      comparison with normal, interhemispheric interaction in processing of sensory
      information. It is suggested that properties of brain system organization during
      perceptive activity reflect to a certain extent neurophysiological mechanisms of
      disturbance of cognitive processes in developmentally backward children.

PMID- 3705762
TI  - [Relationship of the value of the latencies of sensorimotor reactions in 6- to 7
      year-old children to the semantic and intonational content of vocal commands].

PMID- 3705763
TI  - [Reorganization of the background electrical activity of the inferior parietal
      areas of the cerebral cortex in newborn infants exposed to rhythmic
      photostimulation].

PMID- 3705764
TI  - [Effect of damage to the parietal associative cortex on the function of acquired
      motor coordination in dogs].
AB  - The effect of ablation of the parietal associative cortex on the performance of a
      complex food instrumental reaction was studied in dogs. The reaction consisted in
      two movements of the forelimb which were of similar pattern, but differed by
      their coordination. The first one was the lifting and holding of the paw at a
      required level for a required time, with the head in natural position (lifted),
      and the second one was the same movement of the paw with the head bent down for
      feeding, i.e. a new coordination, for the natural coordination consists in
      lowering of the forelimb associated with lowering of the head. During two
      sessions after the lesion, both reactions became irregular (so that the dogs
      performed only one of two movements or none). In the course of four months, the
      precision of the first movement was reduced, the amplitude of lifting the paw and
      duration of holding it were diminished. The new coordination persisted after
      ablation of the parietal associative cortex, though the holding (fixation) of the
      paw was less perfect. As was shown before by one of the present authors (M. E.
      Ioffe), lesion of the sensorimotor cortex resulted in profound disturbance of
      acquired coordination.

PMID- 3705766
TI  - [Correlation of the neuronal impulse activity of different areas of the neocortex
      in rabbits in the switching of positive and inhibitory conditioned reflexes].
AB  - By cross-correlation method conjugation in impulse activity of pairs of
      simultaneously recorded units in the visual and sensorimotor areas of the
      neocortex (representations of the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli) was
      studied during the switching of defensive positive and inhibitory reflexes in
      rabbits. 30-second fragments of impulse activity were analyzed in intervals
      before and after three presentations of positive and inhibitory conditioned
      stimuli (CS). The activity of single pairs of units in the process of stimuli
      presentation was characterized by instability. Only in 29% of 51 units' pairs the
      presence or absence of correlation between their discharges was stable. Analysis
      of activity of 75 pairs of units showed differences in impulse activity in
      inhibitory and positive tonic reflexes. The number of pairs of correlated units
      in about 30 s after inhibitory CS decreased (27%) in comparison with the interval
      before its action (52%). In the inhibitory tonic conditioned reflex, temporal
      intervals of discharges of one unit correlated with discharges of the second unit
      undergo changes. The obtained results testify that such parameter as the number
      of pairs of units with correlated activity in intersignal time interval is very
      important for the realization of motor reaction to conditioned stimuli.

PMID- 3705765
TI  - [Conditioned reflex changes in the intra-analyzer interaction of the afferent
      inputs from the lateral geniculate body and pulvinar thalami in the cerebral
      cortex of cats].
AB  - Paired heterogeneous stimulation of the lateral geniculate body (LGB) and
      pulvinar (Pulv) as a conditioned stimulus of alimentary instrumental conditioned
      reflex (CR), resulted in a change of relations between afferent inputs from LGB
      and Pulv to the visual and associative cortex of cats. At stimulation of LGB
      preceding by 40 ms, facilitation of the response to testing Pulv stimulation
      observed in untrained cats, appeared only at the beginning of the learning and
      was suppressed by the end of elaboration, when the amplitude of the response to
      the conditioning LGB stimulation greatly increased. In the process of CR
      elaboration (in the middle of learning), Pulv stimulation preceding by 40 ms
      facilitated the response to the testing LGB stimulation and simultaneously
      increased the amplitude of the response to the conditioning Pulv stimulation.

PMID- 3705767
TI  - [Interhemispheric relationships of electrical activity in the blinking dominant
      in rabbits].
AB  - The study of intercentral and interhemispheric relations of the electrical
      activity of the cerebral cortex during formation and functioning of winking
      dominant, by the method of spectral-correlation analysis, has shown that the
      dominant focus is characterized by an increase of spectrum power in the range of
      delta-frequencies and a raise of coherence level of potentials in the same range
      that leads to the appearance of interhemispheric asymmetry according to these
      parameters. Appearance of the dominant state in the opposite hemisphere is
      accompanied by a reconstruction of the electrical activity characteristic of
      dominant focus.

PMID- 3705768
TI  - [Spatial characteristics and the dynamics of the activation foci in the cortex
      during the elaboration of a conditioned reflex (thermographic research)].
AB  - In acute experiments on immobilized white rats, by thermovision methods and
      digital image processing, spatial distribution and dynamics of local heating and
      cooling of dorsal surface of the cerebral cortex was studied through intact skull
      during elaboration of a conditioned reflex. Distant and noninvasive thermovision
      methods allowed to reveal and quantitatively study local cortical thermal
      reactions in the somatosensory and motor cortex and in the cerebellum in the
      process of elaboration and testing of conditioned connection. Under discussion
      are mechanisms, properties and significance of these effects for investigation of
      learning.

PMID- 3705769
TI  - [Interhemispheric asymmetry in rats differentiating figures by size].
AB  - Motor alimentary conditioned reflex was elaborated in Wistar line rats to
      presentation of various pairs of figures, those of larger area serving as
      positive signals. In tests on animals with intact brain and with unilateral
      hemispheric cortical inactivation, new pairs of figures were used besides basic
      stimuli. The level of analysis in testing experiment was lower than normal: by
      5.6% at intact brain, by 16.4%--at right hemisphere inactivation, by 36.4%--at
      left hemisphere inactivation. Elimination of the left hemisphere produced
      prolongation of the conditioned reaction time, signs of frustration and
      aftereffect. In conditions of right hemisphere inactivation the level of
      discrimination of figures depended on their specific properties and the side of
      presentation. Conclusion is made on dominating role of the left hemisphere in
      analysis of abstract and concrete characteristics of visual stimuli, in control
      of temporal, spatial and emotional characteristics of reactions in situations
      when considerable abstraction and distinguishing of generalizing invariant sign
      "more-less" is necessary for elaboration of the conditioned reflex.

PMID- 3705770
TI  - [Spectral and coherence EEG analysis of rats differing in the level of seizure
      readiness].
AB  - The resting EEGs of several brain structures (motor and visual cortex, caudate
      nucleus and intralaminar thalamic nuclei) were submitted to spectral and
      coherence computer analyses in two rat strains. Genetically predisposed to
      convulsive state KM rats were shown to differ from nonpredisposed Wistar rats in
      EEG spectral properties. KM rats EEG pattern was characterized by increase of low
      frequencies (1-2 Hz) power and decrease of faster activity (5-12 Hz) power in
      cortical spectrograms as well as by decrease of caudate nucleus EEG absolute
      power. The coherence value between cortical or subcortical structures at below 4
      Hz was intensified in KM rats. Reinforcement of cortical auto-oscillating
      properties manifested by ECoG synchronization in cortical-thalamic resonance
      interaction as well as weakening of striatal inhibitory system may constitute
      neurophysiological mechanisms of enhanced convulsive readiness. The probable role
      of mediator imbalance in these mechanisms is discussed.

PMID- 3705772
TI  - [Cadmium in blue poppy seeds and poppy seed-containing products].
AB  - Blue poppy seeds, semi finished products and finished baked goods with poppy
      seeds, were analyzed for cadmium by atomic-absorption spectrometry. The average
      content was 0.739 mg/kg (median 0.654 mg/kg) for poppy seeds, 0.317 mg/kg (median
      0.366 mg/kg) for semi finished products and 0.107 mg/kg (median 0.088 mg/kg) for
      baked goods. Poppy seeds therefore must be considered as one of the most cadmium
      contaminated foods. For consumers, especially children, recommendations for
      consumption should be established.

PMID- 3705771
TI  - Coeliac activity of the gliadin peptides CT-1 and CT-2.
AB  - The coeliac active peptide B 3142, which has been isolated from a peptic-tryptic
      digest of gliadin and which consists of 53 amino-acid sequences, was partially
      hydrolyzed with alpha-chymotrypsin. The two fragment peptides CT-1 (positions 1
      22 of B 3142) and CT-2 (positions 23-53) were separated by high-performance
      liquid chromatography on octadecyl silica gel and purified by gel filtration on
      Biogel P2. The examination in the organ-culture test including 18 coeliac
      patients on normal diet and 7 control persons have shown that the toxicity is
      preserved after the chymotryptic treatment and that the peptides B 3142, CT-1 and
      CT-2 do not significantly differ from one another according to their coeliac
      specific effect.

PMID- 3705773
TI  - Modified lumiflavin procedure for determination of riboflavin in soybean.
AB  - Investigation of the application of different methods for riboflavin
      determination proved the lumiflavin method recommended by Hausheer et al. to be
      the most suitable one for determining riboflavin in materials of complex
      composition, such as soybean. However, due to inadequate preparation of the blank
      sample, the method is burdened by a positive error. By modifying the blank sample
      and certain modifications in the procedure, more precise results, greater speed
      and simplification of the method were achieved. The soybean sample analysed by
      this modified procedure gave a mean recovery and standard error of 102.9 +/- 2.1
      for added riboflavin, which is very satisfactory.

PMID- 3705774
TI  - [Rheumatoid arthritis, progressive systemic sclerosis without skin involvement
      and mixed collagen disease in a family. Clinical description of a mother and her
      3 adult children--studies of HLA antigens and review of the literature].
AB  - We report on four members of a family with rheumatic diseases. Rheumatoid
      arthritis of an extremely severe and mutilating type developed in a 17-year-old
      boy (Patient 1). The disease showed some characteristics of juvenile chronic
      arthritis. 20 years later his sister (Patient 2) was affected by progressive
      systemic sclerosis (PSS) with arthritis, Raynaud's phenomenon, aperistalsis of
      the esophagus and pulmonary fibrosis, however without skin involvement. After 2
      years rheumatoid arthritis developed in the mother of the family (Patient 3) and
      another 2 years later the second son (Patient 4) was affected by mixed connective
      tissue disease (MCTD) with arthritis, Raynaud's phenomenon, aperistalsis of the
      esophagus and a high titer of antibody to extractable nuclear antigen (ENA).
      Rheumatoid factor was found in Patient 1, 2 and 3. All members of the family
      expressed HLA-DR3 in association with HLA-B8. Earlier reports in the medical
      literature of the familial occurrence of rheumatoid arthritis, progressive
      systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus and other collagen diseases,
      e.g. mixed connective tissue disease, are reviewed, with a discussion of the
      possible etiologic mechanisms.

PMID- 3705775
TI  - [Familial Mediterranean fever. Immunogenetic and rheumatologic aspects of the
      disease in a Turkish sibship].
AB  - A family study was performed in 24 members of a Turkish sibship with familial
      Mediterranean fever (FMF) with 5 patients affected in 3 generations. The well
      known autosomal-recessive inheritance of the disease was masked by a
      pseudodominant appearance, reflecting the striking frequency of congenial
      marriages. The immunogenetic investigation excluded a linkage between the
      expression of the disease and the HLA system. The arthritis of FMF was
      characterized typically by monarticular attacks in large joints of the lower
      limb. Frequently this manifestation led to diagnostic problems, particularly at
      the onset of the disease. No patient presented the clinical or radiological signs
      of sacroileitis. An observation of the disease process up to 3 years showed a
      benign prognosis of FMF-arthritis in 3 of 4 patients. Neither long-lasting
      functional impairment nor radiological signs of erosion had to be recognized. One
      patient suffered from a necrosis of the femoral head, possibly caused by the
      recurrent inflammation of the hip joint. Laboratory findings reflected the
      clinical picture of relapsing acute inflammation in an uncharacteristic manner.
      Their diagnostic significance exists mainly for the exclusion of other diseases.

PMID- 3705776
TI  - Prognosis of rheumatoid coxitis.
AB  - Geometrical analyses of the anteroposterior X-rays of 81 hips affected by
      rheumatoid arthritis for 1 to 17 years, have shown that the rate of progression
      of the inflammatory destructive lesions in the hip, expressed quantitatively in
      millimeters per year, depends on the local anatomical relations in the
      coxofemoral joint itself. This relationship is expressed by the angle of
      penetration of the plane of the acetabular opening (PEC) (angle PEC = angle CCD +
      angle n - angle PE). The PEC angle was found to be within the range of 85 to 128
      degrees, and its mean value for the whole group was 104.6 degrees. In hips
      affected by rheumatoid arthritis for the same period of time, the average rate of
      progression of coxitis was twice as high when the PEC angle was up to 104 degrees
      than when it was 105 or more degrees. This difference is statistically
      significant. Irrespective of the magnitude of the angle of penetration through
      the plane of the acetabular opening (PEC), coxitis was found to progress the most
      rapidly during the first years of hip affection, and to diminish thereafter along
      a parabolic curve. The knowledge gained in this study makes it possible to
      predict the rate of progression of coxitis and is a contribution to a better
      clinical and radiological understanding of rheumatoid arthritis of the hip joint.

PMID- 3705777
TI  - [Etiopathogenetic significance of bone changes in spontaneous gonarthritis in the
      mouse].
AB  - In the C57 Black, STR/IN and MAGf strains of mice, which are prone to develop
      spontaneous osteo-arthritis of the knee, histomorphological examinations were
      made of the osseous parts of the joint. It was found that the number of animals
      with osteo-arthritis and with degenerative changes in the epiphyseal growth zone
      increases with age. There is nevertheless evidently no interrelation between the
      two phenomena. The same applies to the occurrence of osteoporosis and
      degenerative joint disease, since male C57 Black mice, for example, develop osteo
      arthritis of the knee relatively often, but develop osteoporosis much more
      rarely, while the opposite is observed in the females. Moreover, among the
      juvenile joint degenerations in the STR/IN and MAGf strains, a high percentage of
      osteo-arthritis of the knee is found, but only a few instances of osteoporosis.
      The majority of the (relatively rare) idiopathic condylar necroses coincide with
      osteo-arthritis of the knee, but not vice versa. The development of
      osteosclerosis and degenerative cartilaginous defects is mostly (possibly always)
      a sequela and not the cause of osteo-arthritis of the knee. Malpositions are
      often associated with the development of osteo-arthritis of the knee. The C57
      Black strain exhibits a certain tendency to develop genu valgum, and the STR/IN
      strain almost regularly shows genu varum; no distinct tendency is detectable in
      MAGf mice. Like the osteophytes, the enlarged menisci with obligatory
      ossification centres invariably seen in conjunction with osteoarthritis
      apparently help to compensate for the condylar incongruence caused by the
      degenerative process, prevent partial dislocations, and hence improve the
      stability of the joint.

PMID- 3705778
TI  - [Diagnosis and therapy of chronic glomerulonephritis in long-term follow-up].
AB  - Patients with bioptically ascertained glomerulonephritis of the years 1969-1981
      were examined. At the time of the kidney biopsy etiology, onset of the disease
      and data of the findings were evaluated. Moreover, in 160 out of 300 patients
      after-examinations were performed. Especially also the examination of patients
      with erythrocyturia was carried out with the help of the phase contrast
      microscopy. In a second part of the examinations which we report on 2 therapy
      studies were performed. In the first therapy study the effectiveness of the
      therapy with prednisolone (n = 33), prednisolone + cytostatic drug (n = 43) as
      well as the indomethacin treatment (n = 52) in patients with and without
      nephrotic syndrome was examined. We found that an initial prednisolone dose of
      more than 50 mg/die for at least over 1 month is more successful than a low
      prednisolone dose. Indomethacin has no clinically provable therapeutic effect in
      the nephrotic syndrome. In normal renal function the duration of the disease has
      no ascertained influence on the results of the therapy. In the second therapy
      study the effectiveness of the CAA- (n = 27) and the CAAP-therapy, respectively,
      (n = 98) (cytostatic drugs, anticoagulant drugs, thrombocyte aggregation
      inhibitors and prednisolone) was investigated. The results of the therapy
      depending upon the clinical course and the morphological findings revealed that
      there is an indication to the CAA-CAAP-therapy in nephrotic syndromes in
      glomerulonephritis with and without sclerosation as well as in glomerulonephritis
      with relapsing exacerbations with and without sclerosations. No indication for
      this therapy is given in chronic courses of glomerulonephritis with slight
      proteinuria and in nephrotic syndromes with hypertension.

PMID- 3705779
TI  - [Retrospective follow-up control of progressive renal failure with logarithmic
      transformation of the serum creatinine concentration].
AB  - Of 108 patients with chronic terminal renal insufficiency in 81 patients controls
      of the course were possible. In 50 patients an lg-linear course of the increase
      of creatinine against the time was the result. The running through time from 200
      to 1,000 mumol/l creatinine was measured. In 31 patients the at first flatter,
      also linearly recognizable increase of creatinine suddenly changed into a second
      steeper, also lg-linear part of the straight line. The exact knowledge of the
      accelerating factors might postpone the time of the dialysis dependence in one
      part of the patients.

PMID- 3705780
TI  - [Weight of major organs in eutrophic and hypotrophic neonates].
AB  - Brain, heart, liver, and kidney weight are analyzed from autopsy material derived
      from 236 appropriate for gestational age and 92 small for gestational age
      newborns. Average organ weight was calculated by gestational age in weeks and by
      birthweight in 100 gram divisions. The correlation between gestational age and
      organ weight was, for all organs, significantly different for the small for
      gestational age newborns compared to appropriate for gestational age newborns.
      Birthweight to individual organ weight correlations were virtually the same for
      appropriate for gestational age and small for gestational age newborns. The table
      of organ weights by 100 gram subdivisions may serve as a basis for determining
      whether growth of an organ was normal or retarded.

PMID- 3705781
TI  - [Malignancy grading of glial tumors. II. Oligodendrogliomas].
AB  - Surgical biopsy material from 55 oligodendrogliomas was classified according to a
      four-level system of malignancy grading. Categorization was based on following
      criteria: numerical cell-density, cell and nuclear polymorphism, mitotic
      activity, proliferative activity of the vascular elements and degenerative
      phenomena, in particular necrosis. According to the intensity of these features,
      tumors were assigned to a malignancy level. The number of tumors alloted to each
      of the four ascending levels were 7, 15, 19, and 14, respectively with
      corresponding median survival times of 61.7, 27.7, 19.5, and 7.4 months. There
      was no statistically significant difference in the duration of survival between
      levels 2 and 3. The results of the investigation are consistent with reports from
      the literature which identify three prognostic grades for oligodendrogliomas,
      namely a group with low malignancy and a relatively good prognosis, an
      intermediate group and a group with a high level of malignancy and an extremely
      poor prognosis. It is suggested that the use of automated microscope image
      analysis or other quantitative methods contribute to more objective and reliable
      results.

PMID- 3705782
TI  - [Glial fibrillary acidic protein. A valuable tool for neuropathologic diagnosis.
      An introduction].
AB  - Methods of isolating glial fibrillary acidic protein and immunohistochemical
      techniques for its demonstration in fixed and unfixed tissues are reviewed.
      Applications of these processes in experimental and clinical pathology are
      described.

PMID- 3705783
TI  - [Hitherto unknown pattern of reaction in vertebrate cells--ultrastructural
      studies of virus-host cell relationship and cell cultures. 1].
AB  - A hitherto unknown pattern of reaction has been observed in diverse ultracellular
      analyses involving 111 different scientific and diagnostic studies of virus-host
      cell relationships and cell culture studies. The essence of this reaction was the
      presence of spherical 50 nm particles which could be distinguished from known
      structures and cellular inclusions and in particular from viral particles. RiV is
      associated with viral infection in vivo und in vitro, with cell cultures of
      embryonal or fetal origin and with a large number of passages by permanent cell
      lines. RiV may be related to the phenomenon of resistance.

PMID- 3705784
TI  - [Intraductal papillomatosis of the breast in a female infant].
AB  - The case of a 4 9/12 years old girl with circumscript periareolar papillomatosis
      of the breast is presented in which a recidative occurred one year later and was
      resected with the attached ductus lactiferus. Aetiology and pathogenesis are
      discussed in relation to mammogenesis, infantile makromastie and other papillary
      tumors of the breast.

PMID- 3705785
TI  - Microbiological control of ticks.
AB  - Twelve isolates (9 spore-forming bacteria and 3 fungi) were obtained from a dead
      adult tick (female) that had failed to lay eggs. There were different internal
      changes in the tick's eggs, caused by inoculation with these isolates. Such
      changes differed according to the type of microorganisms under study. However,
      fungi were more effective than spore-forming bacteria in decreasing hatching
      percentage of tick's eggs at 28 degrees C. Generally, inoculation with these
      isolates decreased the longevity of unfed larvae of ticks.

PMID- 3705786
TI  - [Desmoid tumors. Contributions to therapy].

PMID- 3705788
TI  - [Monstrous sacral, myxopapillary ependymoma].

PMID- 3705787
TI  - [Diffuse giant cell tumor in the synovium of the distal lower leg].

PMID- 3705789
TI  - [Coating artificial surfaces with antibiotics].

PMID- 3705790
TI  - [Therapy of cervix insufficiency--cerclage or support pessary?].
AB  - To evaluate the efficiency of cerclage or pessary a prospective random study has
      been done from 1982 to 1983. Pelvic score of Bishop and tocolysis index of
      Baumgarten were used to define the situation at the beginning. Success has been
      estimated with help of neonatal parameters (birth weight, Apgar score and RDS
      morbidity) and final gestational week. Both methods are equal in their effects.

PMID- 3705791
TI  - [Detection of circulating immune complexes in the serum of pregnant patients in
      normal pregnancy and in pregnancy-induced hypertension using precipitation by
      polyethylene glycol].
AB  - 30 non-pregnant women, 250 women with normal pregnancy and 130 women with
      pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) have been examined to show the presence of
      circulating immune complexes in serum. The immune complex concentration in normal
      pregnancy shows a rapid decrease from 6th up to 12th gestational week, then a
      plateau near to 35th week and further a slight increase. Decrease and increase
      can be described only with hypothesis. The immune complex concentration in 1st
      and 3rd trimenon of normal pregnancy was significantly different to non-pregnant
      women. As like as the group of normal pregnancies the women with PIH showed an
      increase of immune complex concentration on a higher level, but the differences
      between both groups were not significant.

PMID- 3705792
TI  - [Occurrence of antibodies against influenza viruses in the female genital tract
      of mice following oral immunization].
AB  - Antibodies of IgA-class against influenza viruses were detected by an enzyme
      immunoassay (ELISA) in uterus homogenates and uterus lavage fluids of NMRI-mice
      following immunization. Immunization was performed twice by the oral route within
      14 days using a live influenza vaccine (A/PR/8/34, H1N1). Specific antibodies
      were estimated in homogenates as well as in lavage fluids. The results support
      the concept of a common immune mucosal system with local antibody secretion after
      remote-site stimulation in the intestinal tract.

PMID- 3705793
TI  - [Haptoglobin typing in abortion in the 1st trimester].
AB  - The type of haptoglobin was examined in 239 women suffering from hemorrhage in
      early pregnancy. The distribution of Hp-types in the different forms of abortion
      was compared with a reference group. A provable significant deviation in
      distribution of Hp-types could be traced in case of incomplete abortion. The
      immunological lower reaction capacity in haptoglobin type 1-1 has been discussed.

PMID- 3705794
TI  - [Initial results of a cryopreservation program for human ova and embryos].
AB  - A human egg and embryo freezing program for non fertilized eggs and spare embryos
      was established recently in our ib vitro fertilization clinic. The first results
      are reported. Two cryoprotectants, glycerol and dimethylsulfoxid (DMSO) were used
      in an automatic computerized freezing program. DMSO gave us better results in
      terms of a 55% survival of all blastomeres (from 6 normal and 5 pathologic 2- to
      16-cell embryos) after thawing. Some of the thawed embryos continued cleavage in
      vitro. Four embryo replacements were performed with the 6 normal embryos, but
      none of them resulted in pregnancy. The rapid technique using glycerol gave us
      less good results in terms of blastomere survival (34%); however, from 3 embryo
      replacements one "biochemical pregnancy" was obtained from a thawed four-cell
      embryo. At first attempts to freeze and thaw unfertilized eggs, DMSO seemed also
      to give better results. The presented cryopreservation techniques which are
      modifications of those published by Trounson et al. and Zeilmaker et al. need
      further improvement although the first results are encouraging.

PMID- 3705795
TI  - [Telemetric labor monitoring using the fetal monitor BMT 941-1].
AB  - Recommendation of a telemetric system for the direct fetal monitoring using the
      monitor BMT 914-1 (Zwonitz). The free movement of parturients during labor is
      more comfortable and involves an increasing uterine activity, a labor progress
      and a decrease of oxytocic infusion rate.

PMID- 3705796
TI  - Serum cathepsin activity in pregnancy.
AB  - Cathepsin activity of blood serum was determined in nonpregnant women and in
      different stage of pregnancy. A significant, progressive increase in the
      cathepsin activity was found in pregnancy.

PMID- 3705797
TI  - Variations in the anaerobic faecal flora of ten healthy human volunteers with
      special reference to the Bacteroides fragilis-group and Clostridium difficile.
AB  - Ninety nine stool specimens of ten healthy human volunteers were collected over a
      one year period, and processed anaerobically. The individual variations in
      intestinal colonization with bacteria of the Bacteroides fragilis-group were
      detected, using the Bacteroides Bile Esculin medium and an identification scheme
      for bile-resistant Bacteroides species. Clostridium difficile agar supplemented
      with cycloserine/cefoxtin was used to detect the incidence of C. difficile in
      this group. The species of the B. fragilis-group most often detected were: B.
      vulgatus (in 31 samples from ten persons), B. uniformis (22/9), B. fragilis
      (19/7). C. difficile was never detected in this group. The mean total anaerobic
      cultural counts (log) of the ten volunteers varied between 9.94 and 10.91. This
      shows that interindividual variations in anaerobic cultural counts of about one
      log are common. In spite of these moderate interindividual variations,
      intraindividual variations in time of up to three log were detected. The mean
      Bacteroides cultural counts showed a variation between 8.83 and 10.24. The mean
      DMCCs of the ten volunteers were between 10.22 and 10.73. We conclude that at
      least a three to four log difference from the control samples will be required to
      establish a significant change in anaerobic cultural count due to antibiotic
      treatment.

PMID- 3705798
TI  - Comparative biochemical and serological studies on two fish-pathogenic
      rhabdoviruses (VHS-V and SVC-V).

PMID- 3705799
TI  - [The subspecific validity of Rhipicephalus evertsi mimeticus Donitz, 1910].

PMID- 3705800
TI  - EpidemiologicaL studies on atrophic rhinitis in swine. IX. Investigations on the
      introduction of the disease.

PMID- 3705801
TI  - Electron microscopical diagnosis of Ecthyma contagiosum in camels (Camelus
      dromedarius). First report of the disease in Kenya.

PMID- 3705802
TI  - [Study of the properties of different Haemophilus species for their
      classification].
AB  - On the basis of the data obtained in the study of the properties of different
      Haemophilus species, their classification as a separate family is proposed. In
      solving the problem of the systematization of Haemophilus, their ecology and,
      aside from the known properties of these organisms, their sensitivity to sulfonol
      and antibiotics have been considered.

PMID- 3705803
TI  - [Analysis of macrophage functional activity during adhesion].
AB  - Using the phenomenon of the formation of the active forms of oxygen by phagocytes
      in the process of adhesion, changes occurring in the cell membrane under the
      influence of sodium caseinate, macrophage migration inhibition factor, aggregated
      IgG and hydrolytic enzymes could be registered. Sodium caseinate inhibited
      chemiluminescence during the first 10 minutes in the adhesion of mouse peritoneal
      macrophages, human lung macrophages and adhesive marrow cells, while large doses
      of this preparation activated chemiluminescence at the latter stages of adhesion.
      Macrophage migration inhibition factor induced the rapid and prolonged formation
      of the active forms of oxygen in the process of macrophage adhesion, aggregated
      IgG decreased this cell function, and the subsequent phagocytosis of zymosan was
      accompanied by increased chemiluminescence. The experimental and practical
      possibilities of this phenomenon are discussed.

PMID- 3705804
TI  - [Microecology of the gastrointestinal tract of chronic enteritis patients].
AB  - The results obtained in the simultaneous study of the microbiology of different
      sections of the gastrointestinal tract (the oral cavity, the stomach, the large
      and small intestines) in chronic enteritis patients, as well as in the study of
      biopsy mucosa samples from the small intestine of such patients, are presented.
      This method has been shown to give a complete picture indicating both the
      severity of dysbiotic disturbances in the patient and the degree of their spread
      in the alimentary canal, which should be taken into account in clinical practice
      for the determination of the severity of the disease, the rational course of
      treatment and the time of the discharge of the patient from the hospital.

PMID- 3705805
TI  - [Distribution of HLA antigens in patients with meningococcal infection at
      different times of year].
AB  - The character of the distribution of the antigens of the HLA system at different
      seasons has been studied in 160 patients with generalized forms of meningococcal
      infection. The occurrence of HLA-Bw16 (the marker of the population gene of
      susceptibility to meningococcal infection) has proved to be inversely correlated
      with the seasonal morbidity level.

PMID- 3705806
TI  - [Effect of blastolysin on the development of specific immunity to whooping
      cough].
AB  - The influence of blastolysin, the cell-wall glycopeptide of Lactobacillus
      bulgaricus, on the main immunobiological properties of pertussis vaccine, its
      immunogenicity and toxicity, has been studied. The use of blastolysin, introduced
      as a stimulating agent in definite doses and following definite administration
      schedules, has been shown to permit achieving not only an increase in the
      immunogenicity of the corpuscular pertussis vaccine, but also a considerable
      decrease in its toxicity and histamine-sensitizing activity.

PMID- 3705807
TI  - [Immune complex formation during the passive immunization of mice infected with
      the tick-borne encephalitis virus].
AB  - The results of investigations, indicating that the development of the infectious
      process in experimental encephalitis is accompanied by the formation of immune
      complexes circulating in the blood and localized in the brain tissue, are
      presented. The intravenous injections of a homologous serum preparation into
      intact animals induces the appearance of a rather low level of circulating immune
      complexes, which precedes the elimination of antibodies. The intravenous
      injection of a specific serum preparation two days after the infection of the
      animals with tick-borne encephalitis virus is accompanied by the formation of
      immune complexes; the course of infection is not aggravated.

PMID- 3705808
TI  - [Dependence of the migration activity of blood granulocytes from healthy donors
      and from bronchial asthma patients on the presence of cellular mediators].
AB  - The migration activity of granulocytes in human blood has been shown to depend
      both on the locomotor properties of these cells and on the presence of cell
      mediators secreted by blood mononuclears and by granulocytes themselves.
      Granulocytes in the blood of patients with the atopic form of bronchial asthma
      differ from granulocytes in healthy donors by sharply decreased spontaneous
      migration activity. Granulocytes and mononuclears in the blood of patients with
      the atopic form of bronchial asthma differ from the corresponding cells of donor
      blood in the activity of cell mediators secreted by them and influencing the
      migration of granulocytes in the donors.

PMID- 3705809
TI  - [Progress and outlook for immunization programs in the European area].

PMID- 3705810
TI  - [Epidemic control support for the troops and the population of the USSR on the
      eve of and during World War II].

PMID- 3705811
TI  - [Measles morbidity among children inoculated against this infection].
AB  - In the serological survey of 2009 children immunized against measles 285 children
      (14.2%) were found to be seronegative to this infection in the hemagglutination
      inhibition test with 4 hemagglutinating units of the antigen. Among 1724
      immunized children showing positive response to vaccination and placed under
      dynamic observation for 11 years, 2 cases of measles were registered. At the same
      time, in the dynamic observation of 111 seronegative children 66 measles cases
      (59.5%) were registered during the above period, while among 169 children, also
      seronegative, but receiving booster immunization against measles, morbidity rate
      was only 1.2%. In some vaccinees the decrease of postvaccinal immunity to
      seronegative values was observed, but such decrease had no essential influence on
      the morbidity level among the vaccines. The increase of measles morbidity among
      schoolchildren immunized against this infection was due not to the decrease of
      their postvaccinal immunity, but to their concentration in schools and to their
      more intensive contacts with the sources of infection in comparison with children
      of preschool age.

PMID- 3705812
TI  - [Effect of immobilization stress on the course of experimental influenza
      infection and the process of interferon formation].
AB  - The experimental data on the peculiar features of interferon production in
      C57BL/6 mice, infected with the lethal dose of influenza virus and simultaneously
      subjected to the action of a stress factor, are presented. Immobilization stress
      was found to exert pronounced influence on the interferon-producing system of the
      body, which was manifested by the appearance of alpha interferon in a titer of up
      to 1:80 in the blood of intact animals. 6-hour immobilization preceding infection
      did not accelerate the development of the lethal from of influenza infection, but
      sharply suppressed the viral induction of the synthesis of interferon.

PMID- 3705813
TI  - [Delayed hypersensitivity and nonspecific cellular immunity. The role of mono-
      and polynuclear phagocytes].
AB  - Differences in the influence produced by sensitization with BCG vaccine and
      Staphylococcus aureus and by the reaction of delayed hypersensitivity (DH)
      induced, respectively, by the injection of old tuberculin and staphylococcal
      phagolysate on the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages and blood
      leukocytes in different animals were experimentally demonstrated. A considerable
      activation of the bactericidal and ingesting functions of macrophages was
      observed in animals showing a pronounced DH reaction (rabbits, guinea pigs and
      mice), while in Wistar rats no such activation was noted. The latter showed no DH
      reaction after sensitization with BCG vaccine and the injection of the specific
      antigen. Among different strains of mice, the activation of macrophages occurred
      in the animals with the most pronounced DH reaction. Sensitization with BCG
      vaccine led to an insignificant sensitization of macrophages, and sensitization
      with S. aureus even suppressed the phagocytic activity of macrophages. The
      treatment of mice with antimacrophagal preparations (carrageenan, silica and
      trypan blue, but T-lymphocyte antiserum) before and after the injection of the
      specific antigen into the sensitized animals abolished the stimulation of anti
      infection immunity.

PMID- 3705814
TI  - [Assessment of the effectiveness of inactivated influenza vaccines for adults].
AB  - In 9 controlled epidemiological observations (1977-1984) the effectiveness of
      modern Soviet whole-virion vaccines was studied in organized groups of adults and
      at industrial enterprises. During the epidemic outbreaks of influenza of
      different etiology and intensity morbidity rate in influenza and acute
      respiratory diseases was shown to decrease 1.1-2.2 times among the vaccinees,
      depending on the correspondence of epidemic and vaccine influenza strains. The
      absence of influenza virus B in inactivated influenza vaccines was the reason for
      their low effectiveness during influenza outbreaks of mixed etiology B + A
      (H1N1).

PMID- 3705815
TI  - [Development of autoimmune reactions in horses serving to produce antitetanus
      serum].
AB  - The hyperimmunization of horses with large doses of tetanus toxoid is accompanied
      by an increase in the levels of both specific antitoxic antibodies and
      autoantibodies to the tissue antigens of the liver, the spleen, the heart. The
      reverse relationship between the level of autoantibodies and the titer of
      antitoxin has been established. The authors suggest that the synthesis of
      autoantibodies is stimulated by the presence of antigen-antibody immune complexes
      in the circulating blood, as well as by the action of exo- and endopolyclonal
      stimulators.

PMID- 3705816
TI  - [Detection of hepatitis B surface antigen using passive hemagglutination].
AB  - The passive hemagglutination test (Sero-Test CCB) for the detection of hepatitis
      B surface antigen (HBsAg) has been developed. The comparative study of the
      sensitivity of Sero-Test CCB, the passive hemagglutination test Hepanostikon
      (developed by Organon, the Netherlands) and the radioimmunoassay (with the use of
      an experimental assay kit provided by the Institute of Vaccines in Dessau, GDR)
      has been carried out by the determination of HBsAg in 100 coded sera from viral
      hepatitis patients and hepatitis virus carriers. Both passive hemagglutination
      tests (Sero-Test CCB and Hepanostikon) have yielded coinciding results (r =
      0.90). The sensitivity of Sero-Test CCB has been found to exceed that achieved
      with the use of electrophoretic techniques 30-150 times, though it is 8 times
      lower than the sensitivity of the radioimmunoassay. The test kits Sero-Test CCB
      HBsAg are used for the examination of donor blood and for the survey of groups of
      persons subjected to a high risk of contacting hepatitis B infection in
      hemodialysis and transplantation centers, surgical wards, etc.

PMID- 3705817
TI  - [Features of the course of retrobulbar neuritis in alcoholic intoxication].
AB  - The authors analyzed the course of bilateral retrobulbar neuritis (RN) in 39
      patients with alcoholic intoxication. In almost one-third of those studied RN was
      first the only sign of the disease (24 patients suffered from chronic alcoholism
      of different stages). They were followed up for 1 to 3 years. Characteristics of
      disorders of the central and peripheral vision and of the status of the ocular
      fundus were found to correlate with general signs of intoxication. The data
      obtained my be of a definite significance for the timely specification of the
      diagnosis and aetiology of the process in patients with syndromes of bilateral
      RN.

PMID- 3705818
TI  - [Recurrent purulent meningitis and spinal fluid rhinorrhea].
AB  - The analysis of the clinical, laboratory and roentgenological symptoms of 15
      patients with the recurrent course of suppurative meningitis and nasal liquorrhea
      (11 patients) has made it possible to establish that the main factors underlying
      this disease include craniocerebral trauma, the formation of liquor fistulas and
      focal infection in the adnexal sinuses. It has been shown that surgery is the
      cardinal and radical method of treatment determining the disease prognosis.

PMID- 3705819
TI  - [Incidence and features of neuroinfections induced by lymphocytic
      choriomeningitis virus].
AB  - A follow-up examination of blood sera and cerebrospinal fluid was carried out in
      413 patients with various neuroinfections and related diseases. The modern
      immunological methods were employed: the complement fixation test, the
      fluorescent antibody test as well as immuno-enzymic and radioimmunoassays. It was
      established that 8.5% of serous meningitides and 12% of encephalitides were
      induced by lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus. The verified diseases were
      subjected to a clinical analysis. It is emphasized that the immunological
      examination of the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with LCM infection contributes
      to a more detailed study of the pathogenesis of the disease.

PMID- 3705820
TI  - [Neuropsychiatric disorders in multiple sclerosis].
AB  - A comprehensive randomized study involved 138 patients with multiple sclerosis
      (MS). Clinical follow-up of the patients was supplemented by computer-aided
      tomography in 40 cases and electroencephalo-, rheoencephalo- and
      echoencephalography in 25 cases. Twenty-five patients were subjected to
      experimental and psychological examination. Follow-up for as long as 4 years was
      conducted in 56 patients. The main syndromes of psychic disorders in MS patients
      were as follows: neurosis-like disturbances (asthenic, hysteriform and obsessive
      syndromes), affective disturbances (apathic and anxiety depression, euphoria
      without decreased intellect), as well as organic oligophrenia, psychotic states
      and epileptiform syndrome in the initial status. Structural changes in the brain
      were found to be the principal factor in the genesis of the described disorders.
      The authors propose a differential approach to the treatment of the identified
      disorders including the use of tranquilizers, antidepressants, neuroleptics and
      nootropic drugs, as well as methods of rational psychotherapy.

PMID- 3705822
TI  - [Diagnostic value of radionuclide visualization of the reticuloendothelial system
      of macrophages in multiple sclerosis].
AB  - Scintigraphic examination of the liver, spleen, bone marrow and retroperitoneal
      lymph nodes with the help of colloidal radiopharmaceutical 113mIn was conducted
      in 55 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and in 13 patients with other
      diseases of the nervous system. The authors ascertained dysfunction of cells of
      the mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS) in the MS patients. Clinical
      manifestations of the disease were found to correlate with the findings of
      radionuclide imaging of the parenchymatous organs and lymph nodes. A conclusion
      was drawn about the total disruption of the functional activity of MPS cells in
      MS and the inevitable involvement of the liver in the pathogenesis of the
      disease.

PMID- 3705821
TI  - [Clinico-electromyographic characteristics of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and
      the syndrome of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis of vertebrogenic etiology].
AB  - Fifteen patients with lateral amyotrophic sclerosis (LAS) and 37 patients with
      the LAS syndrome of vertebrogenic etiology were examined by global
      electromyography and recording of the H-reflex. The findings confirmed the
      diagnostic significance of electromyography in specifying the localization and
      severity of the pathological process. The method of monsynaptic testing was found
      to be especially valuable for diagnosing the disease at the early stage of
      development which helps to differentiate between LAS and the LAS syndrome of
      vertebrogenic etiology.

PMID- 3705824
TI  - [Effect of pregnancy, labor and the puerperium on the course of organic diseases
      of the spinal cord].
AB  - A total of 112 women with different organic diseases of the spinal cord (spinal
      form of multiple sclerosis, myelitis, syringomyelia, etc.) were observed under
      clinical conditions. In the first group of women (n = 33) neurological
      complications made their first appearance in the course of pregnancy and
      parturition. In the second group (n = 79) the pregnancy ran in the presence of
      the already existent disease. The authors emphasized an adverse effect of
      pregnancy, parturition and puerperium on the course of organic diseases of the
      spinal cord.

PMID- 3705823
TI  - [Clinical forms of Schilder's diffuse periaxial encephalitis and problems in its
      diagnosis].
AB  - The clinical picture of different forms of diffuse periaxial encephalitis (DPE)-
      encephalic, pseudotumorous and psychic--is described. The authors present
      criteria of the diagnosis of each of these forms and their differentiation from
      other clinically similar diseases (viral encephalitides, brain tumours and
      psychoses). They also outline the signs distinguishing DPE from multiple
      sclerosis and to a certain degree from leukodystrophies.

PMID- 3705825
TI  - [Experience with the use of parlodel in the treatment of Parkinson patients].
AB  - The dopamine agonist parlodel was given to 42 patients with parkinsonism for
      several months. The drug proved effective in more than one-third of the patients.
      Different side-effects were observed in almost half of the patients. Parlodel may
      be used alone in mild cases but generally it is used as an adjunct to L-DOPA
      therapy. The optimum dose of parlodel is individual and varies within a wide
      range.

PMID- 3705826
TI  - [Alcoholic mothers and their offspring].
AB  - The authors examined 75 mothers suffering from alcoholism with regard to risk
      factors for their progeny. When children had psychological pathology, the
      mothers' alcoholism was distinguished by greater severity of biological
      manifestations and relatively easier social sequelae. A peculiar nature of the
      alcoholism course, along with the alcohol doses taken by the mothers during
      pregnancy, determined the birth of children with the syndrome of alcoholic
      embryopathy. The appearance of children with neurotic and psychopathic
      disturbances reflects the polymorphism of the psychogenic effect of maternal
      alcoholism. A multifactorial effect of the mother's alcoholism on her progeny is
      postulated and practical recommendations based on this postulation are offered.

PMID- 3705827
TI  - [Significance of clinico-immunologic correlations in different stages of
      alcoholism].
AB  - On the basis of clinico-immunological analysis (study of antibrain antibody), the
      authors validate the notion about the development of encephalopathic disturbances
      in the early post-drinking period of the first and second stages of alcoholism as
      a result of the integrated effect on the body at this period of alcoholic and
      metalcoholic toxicoses.

PMID- 3705828
TI  - [Radioisotope renography in the evaluation of the functional status of the
      kidneys in alcoholism].
AB  - Isotopic renography was used to study the characteristics of kidney function in
      alcoholics. A total of 178 patients with Stage I-III alcoholism and "habitual"
      drinkers aged 15-60 years were examined using the radiographic device "Gamma"
      (Hungary). Two types of pathological reaction of kidney function to chronic
      alcohol intoxication--acceleration and inhibition of function--are described,
      with accelerated function cases being predominant in the total sample. The ratio
      between them is determined by a stage of the disease, age and remission duration.

PMID- 3705829
TI  - [Psychophysiologic interrelations in healthy subjects and alcoholics in
      remission].
AB  - Twenty male patients suffering from alcoholism (10 at the second and 10 at the
      third stage of disease) at the phase of a remission were subjected to
      electropolygraphic examination during night sleep and relaxed wakefulness. The
      mental state was examined by MIL and Spilberger's tests. A control group included
      14 normal subjects in whom, additionally to the baseline examinations, the
      authors studied the effect of a single dose of ethanol taken before sleep on the
      nonspecific cerebral systems. The latter was associated with an increase in the
      deep stages of sleep and a reduction of the phase of rapid sleep as well as a
      decrease of the activation parameters. The electropolygraphic and psychological
      characteristics in patients with alcoholism of stage II and III showed no
      significant differences, yet both groups differed considerably from healthy
      subjects which was expressed in the intensified desynchronization of the cerebral
      bioelectrical activity in both sleep and wakefulness and in the presence of
      anxiety-depressive disorders. Hyperfunction of the ascending activating system of
      the brain seems to be responsible for the above psychophysiological changes.

PMID- 3705831
TI  - [Effect of fenibut on the nocturnal sleep of patients with the alcoholic
      abstinence syndrome].
AB  - The authors studied the effect of the tranquilizer phenibut on sleep disturbances
      in alcoholics at the initial period following alcohol withdrawal. Sleep was
      registered polygraphically during 2 nights in 12 patients taking the drug and in
      10 control patients. The drug did not affect the latent period of falling asleep,
      increasing, however, the duration of two major phases of sleep and reducing the
      duration of the drowsiness stage. There was no marked influence on the subjective
      assessment of sleep.

PMID- 3705830
TI  - [Effect of heminevrin on the functional status of the liver and cholinergic
      system during treatment of severe forms of alcoholic delirium].
AB  - The effect of hemineurin on the clinical picture and the course of severe forms
      of delirium tremens was studied over time in 28 male patients who were
      simultaneously examined for the enzymic activity of the liver and parameters of
      the cholinergic system. The activity of alanine (AlAT) and aspartate
      aminotransferases (AsAT), sorbite dehydrogenase (SorDH), fructose-1-phosphate
      aldolase, blood acetylcholine (AC) levels, the activity of acetylcholine esterase
      in the whole blood (ACWB) and acetylcholine esterase of red blood cells (ACRC)
      determined in the course of treatment showed that hemineurin, in addition to a
      marked sedative effect, contributed to rapid normalization of liver function and
      carbohydrate metabolism. The effect of hemineurin helped to restore the synthesis
      and acetylation of CoA, to stimulate AC metabolism, and to set a relative balance
      of the mediator systems, ensuring the prevention of dangerous complications
      (acute cardiovascular insufficiency, cerebral edema) in severe cases of delirium
      tremens.

PMID- 3705832
TI  - [Clinico-geneaological study of paranoid schizophrenia].
AB  - On the basis of a comparative analysis of aggravated familial history in cases of
      paranoiac and neurosis-like schizophrenia (73 families in the main and control
      groups), the authors established accumulation of disturbances of "the paranoid
      spectrum" (delirious, paranoiac psychoses, paranoid anomalies of the personality)
      predominant in the families of the main group. This fact is interpreted in favour
      of a considerable role of constitutional and genetic factors in the genesis of
      paranoiac schizophrenia.

PMID- 3705833
TI  - [Clinical picture and development of transsexualism].
AB  - The results of a clinical study of 33 patients with transsexualism (TS) have
      shown that TS is a pathological state of the person whose essence lies in the
      polar discrepancy of the biological sex with the forming psychic sex. It can be
      described as a true inversion of sexual identification and orientation. The
      formation of TS has been found to have a regular pattern. Four types of TS
      development have been identified. It has been shown that TS predisposes toward a
      high risk of suicidal behavior. It is suggested that the development of TS may be
      evaluated as autochthonous.

PMID- 3705834
TI  - [Methodologic aspects of teaching clinical neurology].

PMID- 3705835
TI  - [Clinical analysis of familial forms of myasthenia].
AB  - Having studied 29 cases of myasthenia observed in 12 families, as well as 578
      relatives of 59 patients with myasthenia, the authors have identified clinical
      characteristics of familial forms of myasthenia and the frequency of familial
      myasthenia among patient's relatives. It has been shown that familial forms of
      myasthenia are characterized by the appearance of a number of symptoms that are
      not typical of the common sporadic forms of myasthenia, which indicates the
      involvement, in addition to synaptic structures, of distal portions of peripheral
      nerves and/or muscle fibers. In families of myasthenic patients there is an
      extremely high rate of collagenoses, allergic diseases, diabetes, thyroid disease
      and malignant tumors.

PMID- 3705837
TI  - [Vegetative and trophic disorders and functional status of the sympatho-adrenal
      system in Rossolimo-Curschmann-Batten-Steinert myotonic dystrophy].
AB  - In a comprehensive examination of 16 patients with the Rossolimo-Curschmann
      Steinert-Batten myotonic dystrophy the authors determined catecholamine levels in
      the adrenergic structures of skeletal muscles, levels of adrenaline and
      noradrenaline in the blood and their daily excretion with the urine. The findings
      showed elevated concentrations of catecholamines in the adrenergic structures of
      skeletal muscles which suggests an intensified diffusion of catecholamines from
      adrenergic structures into the adjacent muscular tissue. The sympathoadrenal
      system functioned under stress. Myotonic dystrophy was associated with
      disturbances of both central and peripheral mechanisms of vegetative regulation
      of muscular activity.

PMID- 3705836
TI  - [Use of therapeutic plasmapheresis in patients with generalized myasthenia during
      exacerbations in the late period following thymectomy].
AB  - In ten patients with generalized myasthenia in whom disease exacerbation was
      noted long after thymectomy the authors employed a multiple modality treatment
      including therapeutic plasmapheresis (TP). The treatment was monitored by
      examining the status of neuromuscular transmission and parameters of external
      respiration, as well as the levels of immunoglobulins. It has been shown that the
      inclusion of TP into the complex of therapeutic measures in the given category of
      patients makes it possible to arrest quickly and to a considerable degree the
      clinical manifestations of an exacerbation, to increase the reliability of
      neuromuscular transmission and decrease doses of anticholinesterase drugs.

PMID- 3705838
TI  - [Clinico-electromyographic and electroneuromyographic characteristics of
      myotonias].
AB  - Clinical and electrophysiological examinations of 24 patients with myotonia
      (Thomsen's myotonia--10 patients and myotonic dystrophy--14 patients) ascertained
      criteria of the general and differential diagnosis of myotonia. Apart from
      electromyographic changes the patients presented a considerable decrease in the
      speed of afferent and efferent conduction of impulses along peripheral nerves in
      myotonic dystrophy, which justifies the inclusion into combined therapy of means
      improving conduction along nerve fibers.

PMID- 3705839
TI  - [Quantitative evaluation of muscular strength in hereditary diseases of the
      nervous system].
AB  - Muscular weakness in patients with some hereditary diseases of the nervous system
      was characterized quantitatively. All patients showed disorders in the control of
      simple movements.

PMID- 3705840
TI  - [Phenomenon of inverted rotation in spastic torticollis].
AB  - The article describes a rare clinical case where a patient with right-side
      spastic torticollis developed stable left-side spastic torticollis following
      discontinuation of nacom. On the basis of clinico-physiological analysis of the
      given phenomenon and having compared their findings with the literature data the
      authors substantiate the involvement of the nigrostriatal systems of both
      hemispheres in the pathogenesis of torticollis and in the mechanisms of rotation
      inversion reported in the given disease for the first time.

PMID- 3705841
TI  - [Neurologic disorders in chromosome abnormalities in children].
AB  - The authors describe neurological disorders in 134 children of different age. The
      results of clinical and paraclinical examinations, including computerized
      tomography of the brain are presented. The clinical symptomatology in this series
      is compared with the literature data.

PMID- 3705842
TI  - [Rigid spine syndrome in children and adolescents].
AB  - The syndrome of the rigid spine is described in two patients aged 15 and 12
      years. A total of 8 patients with this syndrome were studied. The disease was
      characterized by the myopathic syndrome, scoliosis, failure to bend the head and
      body, cardiopathy and occasional contractures of the proximal joints. The
      clinical, biochemical, roentgenological and morphological findings are presented.
      A multimodality treatment suggested should be carried out by a team comprising an
      orthopedist, a neuropathologist, and a pediatrician.

PMID- 3705843
TI  - [Manual therapy of secondary contractures of the facial musculature].
AB  - The authors have developed a technique of manual therapy of mimic muscles
      contracture secondary to facial neuritis. The therapy is based on a combination
      of isometric work of the facial muscles against the external pressure created by
      the physician's hand pressed onto the patient's cheek in the oral cavity with
      passive extension of the contracture-altered muscles. The effect of post
      isometric relaxation is expressed in complete elimination of facial muscle
      painfulness and of a feeling of tightening.

PMID- 3705844
TI  - [Effect of the position of the body in space on the dynamics of tendon reflexes
      in stroke patients during the rehabilitation period].
AB  - Chronometry of Achilles reflexes in 40 healthy subjects and 25 patients in the
      recovery period after cerebral stroke with regard to body posture showed that in
      normal subjects the vertical position was associated with a reduced time of the
      reflectory response whereas in the patients it was increased. It is assumed that
      a change in the speed of tendon reflexes in different postures is related to the
      readjustment of suprasegmental and afferent influences on the segmental apparatus
      of the spinal cord.

PMID- 3705845
TI  - [Clinical picture and diagnosis of arteriovenous malformations of the posterior
      cranial fossa].
AB  - An anatomo-surgical classification of arteriovenous malformations of the
      posterior cranial fossa (PCF) is suggested, based on angiography and computer
      aided tomography findings with due consideration for adequate surgical approaches
      to the defect. Conditions of blood supply and drainage are described with regard
      to localization of the malformation in the PCF structures. Analysis of the
      neurologic symptoms in PCF arteriovenous malformations permitted a conclusion on
      a comparatively rare correlation between the symptoms and the localization of the
      malformation in a certain PCF structure.

PMID- 3705846
TI  - [Variants of serum cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) in mentally retarded children].
AB  - Using screening, electrophoretic and spectrophotometric examinations, the authors
      studied the polymorphism of serum cholinesterase (CE) (CP 3.1.1.8) in children
      with undifferentiated oligophrenia. The rates of the identified phenotypes were
      as follows: CHE1U--0.769; CHE1UD--0.039; CHE1UF--0.192; CHE2(5-)-1.000. The
      incidence of the CHE1UF variant of the enzyme considerably exceeded that in the
      control groups (u = 2.44; u = 3.23) while the frequency of the CHE1U variant
      detection was significantly below that in the control groups (u = 2.70; u = 3.01;
      u = 3.46). The author discusses the advisability of the identification of CE
      variants in patients with psychoneurological diseases in order to prevent the
      development of side effects of myorelaxants and local anesthetics.

PMID- 3705847
TI  - [Oligophrenia in deaf and blind children].
AB  - Combined dynamic clinical, psychological and pedagogical examination of 140 blind
      and-deaf children revealed oligophrenia in 43 cases. Polymorphism and peculiar
      clinical manifestations in blind-and-deaf children with oligophrenia were
      demonstrated. A classification of oligophrenia in children with severe disorders
      of vision and hearing is proposed.

PMID- 3705848
TI  - [Diagnosis and clinical picture of oligophrenia among students with cerebral
      palsy].
AB  - A clinico-psychological examination covered 112 children aged 7-9 years with
      cerebral paralysis. The authors consider the diagnosis of intellectual disorders
      using traditional clinico-psychological techniques and an original technique of
      prediction ("Ugadaika" and Raven's matrices). the latter two methods, when
      combined with clinical examination, were shown to be highly informative in
      diagnosing oligophrenia in junior schoolchildren. Characteristics of oligophrenia
      in different forms of infantile cerebral paralysis are described.

PMID- 3705849
TI  - [Problems in the assortedness of marriages in mental retardation].
AB  - The study of the educational and intellectual status of the parents of 402
      oligophrenic patients revealed a high degree of marital homogeneity in the
      parents with regard to their intellectual development as compared to the control
      group of healthy subjects (419 families). The tendency to intellectual
      homogeneity was especially high in the parents of patients with undifferentiated
      forms of oligophrenia. It was also elicited that the educational and intellectual
      status in the oligophrenic siblings was significantly lower than in the control
      siblings which may be explained by genetic, cultural and familial factors.

PMID- 3705850
TI  - [Clinical features of early alcoholism in adolescents with a slight handicap of
      exogenous etiology].
AB  - On the basis of clinico-psychopathological and experimental-psychological
      examination of male children and adolescents with general mental retardation of
      exogenous etiology and the signs of alcoholism of different severity, the authors
      describe the diagnostic importance of additional symptoms of alcoholism. They
      also consider correlations between the age at the beginning of systematic alcohol
      abuse and the clinical picture of the first states of intoxication with the
      clinico-physiological form of oligophrenia.  The data on the psychopathological
      manifestations of the major syndromes of early alcoholism in the course of
      disease are presented.

PMID- 3705851
TI  - [Features of the organization of occupational therapy in the complex treatment of
      patients with severe degrees of mental retardation].
AB  - A clinical and experimental study of two groups of patients with idiopathic
      oligophrenia in the stages of idiocy and deep imbecility bordering on idiocy (48
      adults aged 23-35 years and 14 boys aged 12-16 years with different terms of
      total hospitalization) has shown the possibility of changing behavioural
      reactions of the patients. Stable occupational skills for performing two kinds of
      elementary work (preparation of half-finished cardboard boxes and assembling of
      panels) have been cultivated in the patients. The methods for the organization of
      labor therapy for patients suffering from erectile and torpid forms of this
      disease have been elaborated. The data suggest that it is possible to develop
      purposeful forms of behaviour in patients of this group. Comparison of two
      different age groups shows the necessity of the earliest possible employment of
      labor therapy in the combined treatment aimed at correcting the psychomotor
      defects.

PMID- 3705852
TI  - [Typology of the non-psychotic form of psychogenic fantasizing].
AB  - Non-morbid forms of fantasy were studied in 120 individuals with psychopathy (n =
      80) and psychopath-like manifestations of traumatic genesis (n = 40) in
      psychogenic conditions. The authors identified such variants of fantasy at a non
      psychotic level as "expansive-sthenic" and "paraphrenia-like" which are
      considered as manifestations of adaptive psychological mechanisms.

PMID- 3705853
TI  - [Clinico-biochemical approach to the problem of psychogenic disorders and
      background].
AB  - total of 270 patients with psychogenic disturbances were studied. Three levels of
      the interaction between the background and psychogenesis were specified. In
      accordance with these levels psychogenic disturbances were presented in the form
      of continuous changes from the typical to the atypical, from the predominance of
      the psychogenic to the predominance of the endogenic. Study of the metabolism of
      catecholamines in 45 patients with a nuclear form of psychopathy has shown that
      the biological factor plays an important role in the understanding of correlation
      between psychogenesis and the background.

PMID- 3705854
TI  - [Long-term moditen-depot treatment of schizophrenic patients at a psychoneurology
      dispensary].
AB  - In 31 patients with paroxysm-like progressive and 19 with continuously
      progressive paranoid schizophrenia the authors examined the results of long-term
      (from 4 to 11 years) treatment with moditen depot. The mean dosage of the drug
      was 25-50 mg per 3-4 weeks. A good therapeutic response was observed in more than
      half the cases. In group I patients it was expressed in the absence of relapses,
      improvement of quality and increase in the duration of the remissions; in group
      II it was expressed in an increased tendency toward a regressing course with a
      reduced intensity of processional manifestations. A favourable effect was
      accompanied by improved social and occupational adaptation of patients.

PMID- 3705855
TI  - [Effect of haloperidol and clozapine on the bioelectric activity of the human
      cerebral cortex].
AB  - A study of spatial synchronization of the cortical biopotentials of man by multi
      channel registration (leads from 48 points) made it possible to elucidate the
      common and specific characteristics of the action of typical (haloperidol) and
      atypical (clozapine) neuroleptics. The study was conducted on 10 subjects with
      the normal bioelectrical activity of the brain. Common for both drugs is their
      capacity to decrease the activity of the anterior cortical portions. They are
      different in that haloperidol, reducing the activity of the left hemisphere,
      perverts the inter-hemispherical relationships existing before its intake whereas
      clozapine does not change the nature of the inter-hemispherical relationships.
      These data may serve as the neurophysiological basis of the sedative and
      antipsychotic effects of typical and atypical neuroleptics.

PMID- 3705856
TI  - [Changes in the wave composition of evoked potentials during treatment of
      endogenous depression].
AB  - Evoked potentials (EPs) were studied in patients with endogenic depression prior
      to and during the therapy. It was found that a reduction in the maximum amplitude
      of EPs reflecting the initial severity of depression could not serve as an
      indicator of its time-course in the treatment by tricyclic antidepressants. In
      contrast, the newly identified electrophysiological sign of endogenic depression,
      a number of EP waves, shifted toward normalization in the process of the
      treatment parallelled by a decrease in the severity of the depressive syndrome.

PMID- 3705857
TI  - [Pathogenetic mechanisms and therapy of a subclinical form of Lesch-Nyhan
      syndrome].
AB  - The results of clinical, experimental psychological and biochemical studies of
      patients with a subclinical form of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome suggested a reduction of
      the inhibitory influence of the caudate nucleus due to incomplete genetic defect
      of Hg-PRTase and related disorders of other types of metabolism in the area of
      basal ganglia as one of the links of pathogenesis. The pathogenetic therapy is
      based on maintaining high activity of Hg-PRTase by dietary treatment with limited
      intake of exogenous purines.

PMID- 3705858
TI  - [Electrographic reflection of vegetative protective and compensatory reactions in
      craniocerebral trauma].
AB  - The authors substantiate the assumption that the presence of high-amplitude
      superslow potential fluctuations in registration from the skin surface of the
      head is determined by destabilization of subcortical intercentral relationships
      which comprises inhibition of stem and activation of posterohypothalamic
      structures in craniocerebral trauma. The constant potential reacts only to the
      sharpest period of a severe craniocerebral trauma and reflects acute inflammatory
      and vascular phenomena on the cortical level in the first 24 hours; maintenance
      or appearance of increased positive values of the constant potential over one of
      the hemispheres suggests the presence of an intracranial hematoma above this
      hemisphere.

PMID- 3705859
TI  - [Local cerebral blood flow, vascular reactivity and intracranial pressure in the
      very acute period of a cerebral concussion (experimental)].
AB  - Changes of local cerebral blood flow, vascular reactivity, and intracranial
      pressure in the first hours after brain contusion in its different areas
      (hemispheres, brain stem) were studied in experiment. The dynamics of changes of
      these values and their interrelationship in the first 2 hour after trauma were
      revealed.

PMID- 3705860
TI  - [Tryptophan loading and its plasma concentration in neurosurgical patients].
AB  - Tests for blood plasma tryptophan in patients with various diseases of the
      nervous system showed a statistically significant increase of its content in
      tumors of the astrocytic series in patients with meningiomas and
      oligodendrogliomas. The character of the tryptophan excretion curve after a load
      in neurooncological patients was different from that in healthy individuals and
      patients with thrombosis of the sinus and arachnoencephalitis. Hydrocortisone
      injection normalized the tryptophan curve in patients and, consequently, also the
      tryptophanpyrrolase reaction which is evidently disturbed in neurooncological
      patients.

PMID- 3705861
TI  - [Valveless shunting in occlusive hydrocephalus in children].
AB  - Operations were carried out on 32 children for the occlusive form of
      hydrocephalus with impaired resorption of the cerebrospinal fluid. Thirty
      children were under the age of 12 months, two were up to 2 years of age. Twenty
      seven patients underwent two interventions either in one stage or at an interval
      of up to 4 months: ventriculocisternostomy (VC) and lumboperitoneal anastomosis
      by means of an avalvular shunt; five children were subjected only to VC.
      Hydrocephalus was stabilized in 18 children (85.7%) by the combined intervention
      and in 1 (20%) by means of VC alone. One-stage performance of Torkildsen's
      operation with lumboperitoneal anastomosis produces results, which are more
      reliable and fewer complications. These two operations can be conducted
      separately at some interval only if the child is very weak in the preoperative
      period and vital disorders occur during the surgical intervention. The
      performance of VC without subsequent lumboperitoneal anastomosis is a great risk
      for infants and young children. The developed techniques of one-stage VC with
      lumboperitoneal anastomosis and the use of avalvular drains is simple and
      reliable, which allows it to be recommended for wide use in neurosurgical
      practice.

PMID- 3705862
TI  - [Anterior decompression of the spinal cord at the level of the thoracic
      vertebrae].
AB  - Anterior compression of the spinal cord at the level of the thoracic vertebrae
      cannot be corrected adequately through a posterior approach (laminectomy). This
      widely encountered form of spinal cord compression calls for a differentiated use
      of the anterolateral or lateral approach to the vertebral canal, i.e. combination
      of osteotransversectomy with hemilaminectomy. A lateral access to the vertebral
      canal is indicated in most cases.

PMID- 3705863
TI  - [Anterior sacral spinal cord hernias in women].

PMID- 3705864
TI  - [Chronic traumatic spinal hematoma and teratoma of the cauda equina].

PMID- 3705866
TI  - [Device for tamponade of the nose].

PMID- 3705865
TI  - [Objective remission in radiation therapy of unexcised malignant gliomas].

PMID- 3705867
TI  - [Late results of cranioplasty using explants in children].
AB  - The work is based on the analysis of 101 clinical cases in 91 of which children
      were subjected to cranioplasty in different periods after operation for
      craniocerebral injury, which terminated in the formation of a bone defect. In 5
      children cranioplasty was conducted because the bone in the area of the linear
      fracture had resorbed, and in another 5 children it was carried out as a final
      stage of operation for anterior craniocerebral herniations. The children's age
      ranged from 3 months to 16 years. The late results of treatment were studied in
      79 of 101 patients in follow-up periods of 12 months to 25 years, in 31 of them
      in periods of 10 to 25 years after cranioplasty. Cranioplasty must be undertaken
      in children as early as possible. Primary and early cranioplasty are conductive
      to the prevention of the formation of a meningocerebral cicatrix and a coarse
      adhesive process in the meninges and brain matter and are more effective than
      late cranioplasty.

PMID- 3705869
TI  - [An overview of publishing activity 1982-1985].

PMID- 3705868
TI  - The prediction of bradykinin potentiating potency of pentapeptides. An example of
      a peptide quantitative structure-activity relationship.
AB  - The variation in amino acid sequence, in a set of bradykinin potentiating
      pentapeptides, is described by three variables per amino acid position. The
      variables were derived from a principal components analysis of a property matrix
      for the 20 coded amino acids. The resulting structure descriptor matrix describes
      the observed activity of the peptides to 97% by means of a multivariate partial
      least squares (PLS) model. It is demonstrated that this quantitative structure
      activity relationship (QSAR) can be used to predict the activity of new peptide
      analogs.

PMID- 3705870
TI  - [A method of collecting bone samples for the differential diagnosis of
      osteopathies].

PMID- 3705871
TI  - [The role of electron microscopy in osteology].

PMID- 3705872
TI  - [Spondylitis psoriatica].

PMID- 3705873
TI  - [Prevention of thromboembolic complications in fractures of the upper part of the
      femur].

PMID- 3705874
TI  - [Total dislocation of the talus--clinico-anatomic study].

PMID- 3705875
TI  - [The status of osteoarticular tuberculosis 1979-1983 in Bratislava and the
      Western Slovakia Region].

PMID- 3705876
TI  - [Biomechanical laws of osseous tissue].

PMID- 3705877
TI  - [The Fevre-Languepin syndrome].

PMID- 3705878
TI  - Disseminated candidiasis in heroin addicts. Report of two cases and review of the
      literature.

PMID- 3705879
TI  - [Pathogenesis of cholesterol stones in the gallbladder].

PMID- 3705880
TI  - Retrograde menstruation: an unusual cause of fungal peritonitis in a patient on
      continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

PMID- 3705881
TI  - Long term endocrine follow-up after pituitary abscess.

PMID- 3705882
TI  - The labyrinth of bleeding disorders. An algorithm based on five tests.

PMID- 3705883
TI  - Characterization of the alpha-MSH-like immunoreactivity in blood and
      cerebrospinal fluid of the rat.
AB  - We have investigated the nature of the alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone-like
      immunoreactivity (alpha-MSH-LI) in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the
      rat. Blood and CSF from intact animals were subjected to high pressure liquid
      chromatography (HPLC) followed by a radioimmunoassay (RIA) specific for the C
      terminal part of the alpha-MSH molecule. It appeared that in both body fluids the
      predominant alpha-MSH-LI co-migrated with synthetic alpha-MSH and not with its
      des-acetyl or di-acetyl analogues. We conclude that alpha-MSH is the predominant
      form of alpha-MSH-LI circulating in plasma and CSF of rats from our Wistar
      strain.

PMID- 3705884
TI  - Women with prolactinoma--effect of pregnancy and lactation on serum prolactin and
      on tumour growth.
AB  - Thirty-five women with prolactinoma have been investigated during 41 pregnancies
      and 35 lactation periods. Nine of the women had a macroadenoma; 4 of them
      underwent transsphenoidal microsurgery and one was treated with external
      pituitary irradiation before pregnancy. All nine were given bromocriptine to
      induce ovulation. Four women with a microadenoma became pregnant without medical
      treatment, one shortly after pituitary microsurgery. The other 22 women were
      treated with bromocriptine only for varying periods before conception. Tumour
      complications developed in 7 women (20%); 3 had signs of optical nerve
      compression and 4 showed increased sella volume after pregnancy. All women with
      tumour complications had been treated with bromocriptine for less than 12 months
      before conception. Serum prolactin (Prl) was measured every four weeks during
      pregnancy and after cessation of lactation. In contrast to normal pregnancy, the
      mean serum Prl did not increase during the second and third trimester of
      pregnancy in women with pretreatment serum Prl levels above 60 micrograms/l. The
      lactation period did not have any harmful influence on tumour development. It is
      concluded that neither pretreatment serum Prl nor radiological changes of the
      sella turcica can predict tumour development during pregnancy. Treatment with
      bromocriptine for more than 12 months before conception seems to reduce the risk
      of tumour progress.

PMID- 3705885
TI  - Cortical bone mineral content in primary hyperparathyroidism. Changes after
      parathyroidectomy.
AB  - The bone mineral content (BMC) of 35 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism
      (PHPT) was measured at the mid radius (95% cortical bone) by photon
      absorptiometry of a 241Am source. The majority of the patients had an overt
      disease of moderate to severe degree. Average serum calcium of the group was 12.3
      mg/100 ml (range 10.6 to 18.0 mg/100 ml). The percentage of normality of the BMC
      was (Av +/- 1 SD) 75.1 +/- 13.0% for the whole group. The average increment of
      BMC in 14 patients 9 to 26 months after parathyroidectomy was 9.9%, with a wide
      dispersion. However a highly significant negative correlation (r: 0.83; P less
      than 0.01) was found between the initial bone mass and the percentage increment
      per month after surgery. No further gain was observed 2 years after
      parathyroidectomy except in one patient with an extremely severe bone loss. In
      spite of the gain obtained after surgery the bone mass remained markedly
      diminished in most patients showing that the cortical bone loss caused by PHPT is
      mainly irreversible.

PMID- 3705886
TI  - In vitro study of antral gastrin biosynthesis in response to weaning and
      corticosterone acetate in rats.
AB  - The effects of weaning (abrupt dietary changes from breast milk to solid food)
      and corticosterone injection on antral gastrin-like immunoreactivity (G-LI)
      concentrations and antral G-LI biosynthesis were studied in rats. A single dose
      of corticosterone acetate was injected in one group of 7 days old rats, and a
      single dose of physiological saline was injected in another. Each group of rats
      was divided into two subgroups, one fed only rat breast milk until 25 days old
      and the other weaned at day 21. In non-corticosterone treated unweaned rats,
      antral G-LI did not increase. In non-corticosterone treated weaned rats, antral G
      LI was constant before weaning, then increased 4-fold to the adult level. In
      corticosterone treated unweaned rats, the antral G-LI on day 11 was twice than on
      day 7, and thereafter remained constant. In corticosterone treated weaned rats,
      antral G-LI increased after corticosterone treatment and increased again after
      weaning to reach the adult level at day 25. Gel filtration of pulse-chase
      incubated antral samples with L-[methyl-3H]methionine from unweaned rats without
      corticosterone administration showed Vo, fraction 19 (Fr. 19) and gastrin-34
      (G34) peaks, but no gastrin-17 (G17) peak after 60 min of chase incubation, but
      at 120 min of chase incubation a G17 peak was present; corticosterone-treated
      and/or weaned (solid food alone) rat samples showed Vo, Fr. 19, G34 and G17 peaks
      at 30 min of pulse incubation.

PMID- 3705887
TI  - Pulsatile secretion of progesterone from the human corpus luteum: poor
      correlation with bioactive LH pulses.
AB  - Having previously established that biologically active luteinizing hormone (LH)
      is secreted in episodic pulsations that vary in relation to the menstrual cycle,
      we investigated the possibility that a temporal relationship could exist between
      the bioactive LH pulses and progesterone secretion from the late corpus luteum.
      In 4 young women blood was withdrawn every 15 min for 8 h. Serum progesterone
      concentrations fluctuated at a mean frequency of 0.9 h with a wide range of
      amplitudes (13.8 to 1.7 ng/ml). Serum bioactive LH pulse frequency in contrast
      was 0.25 pulses/h in all subjects. The pulse amplitude was 18.2 to 12.4 mIU/ml
      (2nd IRP-hMG). These data reveal that within the 8 h-period studied, progesterone
      secretory pulses occurred four times more frequently as those for bioactive LH.
      Therefore it is unlikely that a temporal relationship exists between individual
      bioactive LH and pulses of progesterone-secreted by the late corpus luteum.

PMID- 3705888
TI  - The sensitivity of prolactin secretion to dopamine changes during pregnancy in
      mice.
AB  - Pituitary responsiveness to dopamine was investigated on several days of
      pregnancy in the mouse. Sera and anterior pituitary glands were obtained at 09.00
      and 18.00 h on day 5 of pregnancy and at 09.00 h on days 12 and 18, and the
      pituitaries were incubated for 5 h in several concentrations of dopamine (0, 5 X
      10(-10)--5 X 10(-7)M). Serum prolactin (Prl) concentration was the highest on day
      5 (18.00 h sample), followed by day 18 (09.00 h), day 5 (09.00 h) and day 12
      (09.00 h). Pituitary responsiveness to dopamine was assessed on each day of
      pregnancy by determining the slopes of dose-response curves in which the Prl
      concentration of the medium was plotted as a function of dopamine concentration.
      The slope of the dose-response curve for pituitaries from day 12 or pregnancy was
      significantly steeper than the slopes of the curves for pituitaries from days 5
      and 18, which did not differ from each other. These data suggest that the Prl
      secretion mechanism is more sensitive to inhibition by dopamine on day 12 of
      pregnancy, when serum Prl concentration is very low, than on days 5 or 18, when
      serum Prl concentrations are higher. One of the mechanisms by which circulating
      Prl concentrations are reduced to very low levels during midpregnancy in the
      mouse may be increased pituitary sensitivity to dopamine.

PMID- 3705889
TI  - Effect of 1 alpha, 24(R)-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on calcium metabolism in the rat.
AB  - It has been suggested that 1 alpha, 24(R)-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,24(OH)2D3), a
      chemically synthesized vitamin D analogue, may have the property to enhance whole
      body Ca retention and may thus be of use in osteoporosis. In order to test this
      hypothesis the main fluxes of Ca metabolism were measured in vitamin D-replete
      rats injected ip with 1.24(OH)2D3 at daily doses of 25, 50 and 100 pmol for 10
      days. As compared with pair fed control animals, rats treated with 1,24(OH)2D3
      displayed a significant rise in net intestinal absorption of Ca and in urinary
      excretion of Ca, and increase in bone resorption but no significant change in
      bone formation. Whole body Ca retention was not changed at 25 pmol/day and showed
      a trend to decrease at 50 and 100 pmol/day. In conclusion these results do not
      suggest that among available vitamin D analogues, 1,24(OH)2D3 would be
      particularly useful for increasing bone Ca retention in osteoporosis.

PMID- 3705890
TI  - Erythropoietic activity in mouse spleen cell-conditioned medium detected by
      erythroid colony formation of fetal mouse liver cells in serum-free cultures.

PMID- 3705891
TI  - Production of Lys-plasminogen in urokinase-activated human plasma.

PMID- 3705892
TI  - Murine granulocyte/macrophage and megakaryocyte colony formation in serum-free
      cultures.

PMID- 3705893
TI  - Clinical studies on human alveolar macrophages. I. Comparison of chemotaxis of
      human alveolar macrophages as determined by the agarose plate method and the
      Boyden chamber method.

PMID- 3705894
TI  - Cell kinetics and prognosis in acute leukemia studied by DNA cytofluorometry.

PMID- 3705895
TI  - Clinical effect of low dose ara-C in twenty patients with acute nonlymphocytic
      leukemia, atypical leukemia, and refractory anemia with excess of blasts.

PMID- 3705897
TI  - Distribution of tris buffer between intracellular and extracellular space as a
      function of plasma pH in the rat.
AB  - Rats were anaesthetized with halothane and artificially ventilated. After
      bilateral nephrectomy and implantation of arterial and venous catheters, arterial
      plasma pH (pHe) was adjusted by infusion of HCl or sodium bicarbonate to 7.2,
      7.4, or 7.5 and kept constant throughout the experiment. The distribution of tris
      between intra- and extracellular compartments was determined as a function of
      time up to 24 h after infusion of 14C-labelled tris and 3H inulin in five
      skeletal muscle groups, heart, liver, spleen, and brain tissue. The following
      results were obtained: Tris diffuses very slowly into the intracellular space of
      the investigated tissues. For different arterial plasma pH, the intracellular
      tris concentration is quite different. It rises more rapidly and reaches higher
      levels in alkalemia. Five different skeletal muscle groups showed the same rates
      of rise of intracellular tris at the same pHe. Tris diffuses almost immediately
      into liver cells, the rates being slower in spleen, heart, skeletal muscle and
      brain, in that order. Only in the liver did intracellular tris concentration
      reach a steady state, at levels higher than theoretically predicted, suggesting
      that ionic tris also is permeable. In other tissues, lack of steady states at the
      end precluded similar conclusions. It can be concluded that the clinical
      importance of tris therapy is in its elimination of H+ ions from the
      extracellular space and in the generation of bicarbonate that then penetrates the
      intracellular compartment.

PMID- 3705896
TI  - The effect of naloxone on the preoperative gastric volume and pH.
AB  - The effect of 4 mg oral naloxone on preoperative gastric volume and pH of gastric
      aspirate was studied in a double-blind, randomized study. Twenty patients
      received 10 ml of naloxone (4 mg) mixed with 10 ml of orange juice, and 20
      patients received 10 ml of isotonic saline mixed with 10 ml of orange juice, 2 h
      before surgery. Gastric content was obtained immediately after intubation of the
      trachea. No significant difference in gastric volume and pH of gastric aspirate
      was found between the two groups. It is concluded that naloxone does not affect
      gastric emptying and gastric acid secretion to a degree great enough to protect
      against aspiration of gastric contents into the lungs.

PMID- 3705898
TI  - Ventilatory responses to inspiratory mechanical loads in spontaneously breathing
      children during halothane anaesthesia.
AB  - The effect of the addition of two different resistive loads (producing 23 and 36
      cmH2O (2.26 and 3.53 kPa) 1(-1) s-1, respectively, at 71 min-1) on minute volume,
      tidal volume, respiratory rate, duration of inspiration and inspiratory drive was
      studied in six intubated children during nitrous oxide, oxygen and halothane
      anaesthesia. With both resistive loads, tidal volume was initially reduced in all
      patients except one, the reduction being greater in older children. Tidal volume
      returned to baseline values within 3-5 min in most cases, and a transient
      increase was seen on removal of the load. Changes in inspiratory drive were also
      most marked in older children. End-tidal carbon dioxide concentration rose by
      0.5% when the higher resistance was used. Respiratory rate and duration of
      inspiration were unchanged, suggesting the absence of a respiratory off-switch
      reflex mechanism directly mediated by stretch receptors within the airways or
      lungs. Ventilatory compensation occurring after 3-5 min may have resulted from
      chemical stimulation and/or from reflexes from joint receptors and respiratory
      muscle spindles.

PMID- 3705899
TI  - Electrocardiographic changes during microlaryngoscopy in practolol-pretreated
      patients under balanced anaesthesia.
AB  - Electrocardiographic (ECG) changes were studied in 82 adult patients with a mean
      age of 49 years undergoing microlaryngoscopy. The patients were pretreated with
      practolol 0.15 mg/kg i.v. 5 min before induction of anaesthesia with thiopental.
      Anaesthesia was maintained with nitrous oxide in oxygen, fentanyl and
      suxamethonium-infusion. ECG changes occurred in 49% of the patients before
      anaesthesia and procedure. Pre-existing ECG changes increased or new changes
      occurred in 39% of the patients during intubation and in 38% during the
      procedure. The most common preanaesthetic ECG changes were flat or negative T
      wave (18%), sinus tachycardia (13%), ischaemic S-T segment depression (8.5%) and
      intraventricular conduction disturbance (8.5%). ECG changes during intubation
      were sinus tachycardia (16%), ventricular ectopic beats (12%), supraventricular
      ectopic beats (10%) and ischaemic S-T segment depression (10%). The most common
      changes during microlaryngoscopy were supraventricular ectopic beats (16%), T
      wave flattening or inversion (15%), ischaemic S-T segment depression (11%) and
      sinus bradycardia (10%). In all patients ECG changes disappeared without any
      special treatment. Unlike our earlier identical study without practolol
      pretreatment, neither sinus tachycardia nor junctional rhythm occurred during
      microlaryngoscopy in the present study. The results suggest that practolol
      pretreatment before microlaryngoscopy is especially useful when sinus tachycardia
      and junctional rhythm should be avoided.

PMID- 3705900
TI  - Electrolyte and acid-base disturbances caused by blood transfusions.
AB  - The effect of blood transfusions on the electrolyte, metabolic and hemodynamic
      status of 31 patients undergoing major laparotomies was studied. Two groups were
      compared: Group I, 11 patients receiving continuous intraoperative blood
      transfusions exceeding 5 units at a rate over 0.3 ml/kg/min, and Group II, 20
      patients receiving transfusions of 1-5 units at a rate below the limit.
      Transiently increased potassium values (5.2 +/- 0.3 mmol/l) were found in Group I
      during the rapid transfusion phase. The difference was statistically significant
      (P less than 0.05) when compared to Group II (4.3 +/- 0.2 mmol/l). There was also
      a significant correlation (r = 0.64; P less than 0.05) between the increase in
      serum potassium concentrations and the respective potassium load caused by the
      blood transfused. Most of the hyperpotassemic patients had surgery of the
      abdominal aorta. During the rapid transfusion, the patients in Group I had
      significantly lower concentrations of serum ionized calcium (P less than 0.05)
      and higher central venous pressures (P less than 0.05), but more periods of
      hypotension when compared to Group II. After the transfusion the massively
      transfused patients had slight metabolic alcalosis, the BE and pH differing
      significantly (P less than 0.05) from the values of Group II. It is concluded
      that hyperpotassemia may occur during rapid transfusions (over 0.4 ml/kg/min) of
      stored blood, especially in patients undergoing surgery of the abdominal aorta,
      even without simultaneous shock, acidosis or hypothermia. Calcium administration
      may be of benefit especially in situations where combined hyperpotassemia and
      hypocalcemia reduce the myocardial performance.

PMID- 3705901
TI  - Intravenous regional anaesthesia for foot surgery.
AB  - Intravenous regional anaesthesia, confined to the distal lower limb and using
      bupivacaine 0.25%, was studied in 12 patients undergoing orthopaedic procedures
      to the feet. The technique was well accepted by both surgeons and patients and
      was free from serious toxicity. Bupivacaine was demonstrated in the systemic
      venous circulation in every case prior to surgery, whilst the tourniquet remained
      deflated. The plasma bupivacaine levels were less than that associated with
      toxicity, except in one case exhibiting signs of minor toxicity (bupivacaine
      plasma level 1.99 micrograms/ml-1). Reasons for the leak in spite of a well
      conducted technique are discussed.

PMID- 3705902
TI  - Atelectasis during anaesthesia and in the postoperative period.
AB  - Transverse sections of lung tissue were studied in patients by computerized
      tomography during anaesthesia and in the postoperative period. Eight patients
      were studied during intravenous (thiopentone) and six during inhalational
      (halothane) anaesthesia. The latter patients were studied during both spontaneous
      and mechanical ventilation. Five of the patients who underwent surgery for
      inguinal hernia and five patients in whom laparotomy was performed were studied 1
      h and 24 h postoperatively. No patient showed any lung changes while awake
      preoperatively, and all patients developed dependent, crest-shaped lung densities
      within 5-10 min of anaesthesia. The densities comprised 3.4% of the lung volume
      in the caudal (basal) 5 cm of the lung tissue. No significant differences in the
      size and distribution of the densities were noted between spontaneous breathing
      and mechanical ventilation during anaesthesia, or between intravenous and
      inhalational anaesthesia. The densities remained in nine of ten patients 1 h
      postoperatively, and they remained in five of ten patients 24 h after
      anaesthesia. The densities are considered to be compression atelectases which may
      develop as a result of relaxation of the diaphragm. They may be important
      contributors to postoperative pulmonary complications.

PMID- 3705903
TI  - Changes in CMRO2, EEG and concentration of etomidate in serum and brain tissue
      during craniotomy with continuous etomidate supplemented with N2O and fentanyl.
AB  - Fourteen patients with supratentorial cerebral tumours were anaesthetized with
      continuous etomidate infusion (30 or 60 micrograms kg-1 min-1) supplemented with
      N2O 67% and fentanyl. Peroperatively cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral
      metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) were measured twice by the Kety and Schmidt
      method. Simultaneously with the CBF measurements, blood for serum etomidate was
      sampled and EEG was recorded in 2-min periods in 12 patients. In 10 patients a
      brain biopsy for etomidate was taken peroperatively and correlated with the other
      data. The results indicate a dose-dependant increase in serum etomidate and brain
      tissue etomidate, a decrease in CMRO2 and suppression of EEG activity. In
      individual studies an increase in serum etomidate or a decrease in CMRO2
      correlated to a suppression of the EEG activity, and vice versa. However, the
      wide variations in these relationships within and between patients make any
      conclusion regarding CMRO2 impossible from the EEG recording, infusion rate of
      etomidate or serum concentration of etomidate.

PMID- 3705904
TI  - Effect of inspired nitrous oxide concentration on the rate of fall of alveolar
      concentration: reversed concentration effect.
AB  - The effect of inspired nitrous oxide concentration on the rate of fall of
      alveolar nitrous oxide concentration was studied in six patients ranging in age
      from 25 to 46 years. After equilibrium was reached with nitrous oxide, nitrous
      oxide administration was stopped and replaced by the same concentration of
      nitrogen. The decrease in alveolar concentration of nitrous oxide (FE/FE0) was
      measured continuously, where FE = measured end-tidal concentration of nitrous
      oxide, and FE0 = the end-tidal concentration immediately preceding the cessation
      of nitrous oxide administration. The rate of decrease in FE/FE0 was more rapid
      when 70% nitrous oxide was inspired (Part I) than when 30% nitrous oxide was
      inspired (Part II). One minute after the cessation of nitrous oxide
      administration, FE/FE0 was 0.30 +/- 0.03 (mean +/- s.d.) in Part I and 0.36 +/-
      0.02 in Part II (P less than 0.05). Mean expired tidal volume increased from 515
      +/- 43 ml to 552 +/- 48 ml in Part I and from 510 +/- 48 ml to 526 +/- 39 ml in
      Part II (P less than 0.05). The authers conclude that the more rapid decrease in
      alveolar concentration of nitrous oxide (FE/FE0) at higher concentrations of
      nitrous oxide results from augmentation of expired ventilation. We have called
      this phenomenon the "reversed concentration effect".

PMID- 3705905
TI  - Effect of adenosine-induced controlled hypotension on canine myocardial
      performance, blood flow and metabolism.
AB  - The effect of adenosine-induced controlled hypotension (CH) on myocardial
      performance, blood flow, and metabolism was studied in nine pentobarbital
      anaesthetized, open-chest dogs. Adenosine was continuously infused i.v. (0.69 +/-
      0.06 and 1.36 +/- 0.11 mg/kg/min) at two stepwise increased rates (12-14 min
      periods) in order to induce approximately 20 and 40% reduction of the mean
      arterial pressure (MAP 62 +/- 4 and 43 +/- 1 mmHg, respectively). The reduction
      of MAP was associated with decreases in heart rate (6 +/- 2%, P less than 0.05
      and 21 +/- 4%, P less than 0.01), left intraventricular systolic pressure (14 +/-
      3%, P less than 0.01 and 32 +/- 3%, P less than 0.01), left ventricular end
      diastolic pressure (23 +/- 9%, P less than 0.05 and 42 +/- 9%, P less than 0.01)
      and ventricular intramyocardial systolic pressure (15 +/- 6% n.s. and 27 +/- 6%,
      P less than 0.01). The rate pressure product was markedly reduced by 49 +/- 3% (P
      less than 0.01) at the highest infusion rate. The mean coronary vein pressure
      (20.3 +/- 2.8 mmHg) was unaffected by the adenosine infusion. The systolic
      pressure time index (SPTI) was decreased by 33 +/- 3% (P less than 0.01) during
      the highest infusion rate of adenosine, while the diastolic perfusion time index
      (DPTI) was 15.4 +/- 2.2 mmHg X s and remained unchanged. The DPTI:SPTI ratio
      increased by 40 +/- 13% (P less than 0.05), suggesting a sufficient endocardial
      oxygen supply.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3705906
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of physostigmine after intravenous, intramuscular and
      subcutaneous administration in surgical patients.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of physostigmine after intravenous, intramuscular or
      subcutaneous administration as well as its arousal effect after anaesthesia have
      been studied in surgical patients in the early postoperative period. After
      intravenous administration physostigmine had a very rapid plasma elimination with
      a plasma clearance ranging from 47 to 163 l/h with a mean +/- s.d. of 92.5 +/-
      37.7 l/h. The volume of distribution was 46.5 +/- 19.2 l, while distribution and
      plasma elimination half-lives were 2.3 and 22 min, respectively. A fraction of
      the dose was probably hydrolyzed in blood since its blood elimination half-life
      in vitro was approximately 190 min. After both intramuscular and subcutaneous
      administration the systemic availability was almost complete, the plasma terminal
      half-lives only being somewhat longer than after intravenous administration.
      Plasma clearance, volume of distribution and elimination half-life of
      physostigmine were not correlated to age or body weight of the patients. The
      rapid plasma clearance of physostigmine resulted in a short duration of
      antisedative effect. After administration of 1 mg physostigmine salicylate i.v.,
      drug-induced sedation was rapidly reversed with a duration of 30-60 min. The
      duration of action was similar after intramuscular injection but onset was
      delayed by 20-30 min. It was concluded that a plasma concentration of 3-5 ng/ml
      of physostigmine should be exceeded if an adequate analeptic effect is to be
      achieved, meaning that 2 mg of physostigmine had to be administered
      subcutaneously in order to achieve a satisfactory reversal of sedation. The short
      duration of action may hamper the use of physostigmine as an agent for reversal
      of drug-induced sedation and anticholinergic effects after surgery.

PMID- 3705907
TI  - Hidden risk in operating room. Micro-shock.
AB  - The risk of electrical micro-shock is recognised in patients undergoing cardiac
      catheterisation or connected to electronic equipment instruments. The work
      reported here investigates the possibility of injury by electrical micro-shock
      when monitoring the central venous pressure as commonly done during surgical
      procedures. The studies were done on dogs catheterised for the measurement of
      central venous pressure with the catheter advanced into the right ventricle. It
      was found that currents less than 500 micro-amperes caused interference with
      heart rhythm, and in some of the dogs ventricular fibrillation developed. In view
      of these findings it appears that greater consideration should be given to the
      risk of electrical micro-shock in patients in whom the central venous pressure is
      measured.

PMID- 3705908
TI  - Maternal and neonatal death associated with Eisenmenger's syndrome.
AB  - Pregnancy in patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome is known to be associated with
      a high incidence of maternal and perinatal death. Complications can occur before
      and during parturition but are most hazardous in the early postpartum period. If
      the exact causes of maternal death remain in most instances unknown, hypovolemia
      with augmented pulmonary to systemic shunt, thromboembolism and cardiac
      arrythmias are often mentioned as the primary causes of mortality. We report the
      unsuccessful management of a pregnant patient with Eisenmenger's disease despite
      all possible precautions as reported in the literature had been taken. We discuss
      these precautions and more specifically the type of anesthesia that is best
      given, the prophylactic methods of anticoagulation and the benefit of monitoring
      techniques in the management of such complex pathologies.

PMID- 3705909
TI  - A patchy loco-regional hypalgesia due to subdural catheter placement.
AB  - We discuss a unique case of perforation of the dura mater, but not of the
      arachnoidea, by an epidural catheter. The injected test dose of the local
      anesthetic agent caused a partial subdural and a partial epidural hypalgesia. The
      exact position of the catheter and the distribution of the local anesthetic agent
      was confirmed by radiographic contrast material.

PMID- 3705910
TI  - Nodal rhythm and electronic CVP monitoring.
AB  - Nodal rhythm occurred after induction of anesthesia in a 65 year old man, with
      hemodynamic consequences. The use of electronic CVP monitoring allowed
      confirmation of the diagnosis, which was suspected from observation of the ECG
      tracing. The use of a water manometer would have caused overestimation of the
      intravascular volume status of this patient during the nodal rhythm. Electronic
      CVP monitoring allowed for the accurate determination of true ventricular filling
      pressure.

PMID- 3705911
TI  - Systematisation of the arteries in the splenic hilus.
AB  - 156 abdominal preparations were explored by arteriography, corrosion and
      dissection. Within the meanders of the splenic artery a basic pattern can be
      traced. The division of the artery can easily be summarized by introducing the
      term of a truncus lienogastroepiploicus. The short gastric arteries are always
      present, and usually they are longer and more important than may appear from
      their name. In nearly half of the preparations (52%) an artery for the extremitas
      lienalis posterior is found; an artery for the extremitas lienalis anterior is
      very exceptional. A posterior gastric artery can be identified (36%) but it must
      be distinguished from several other vessels. The arteria colli pancreatis (for
      the neck of the pancreas) is a constant vessel that may have a superior (usually
      arteria lienalis) or an inferior origin (arteria mesenterica superior). It
      commonly supplies the transverse pancreatic artery and often the prepancreatic
      arcade. The arteria corporis pancreatis, too, is a constant artery. The
      pancreatic tail is thoroughly irrigated by usually more than one arteria caudae
      pancreatis. An important part of the greater curvature is not accompanied by the
      left gastroepiploic artery, but is supplied by the arteriae gastricae breves.

PMID- 3705912
TI  - On the spatial relationship between fibroblasts and myogenic cells during early
      development of skeletal muscles.
AB  - The spatial relation between fibroblasts and myoblasts as well as myotubes in the
      extensor muscles of the forearm of mouse embryos was investigated with routine
      electron microscopic techniques. From day 13 of embryonic development onwards,
      fibroblasts and myogenic cells may be distinguished by their ultrastructure from
      each other. Above all the fibroblasts are characterized by their long cell
      processes. Specialized cell contacts between them are visible. Fibroblasts often
      encircle some myogenic cells indicating the division of the muscles into smaller
      bundles. Over long distances, the intercellular gap between both cell types is
      narrow and measures about 15 nm. Sometimes specialized intercellular junctions
      can be seen. They resemble simple desmosomes and seem to be mechanical cell
      junctions. After the establishment of the basal lamina around the myogenic cells
      such specialized cell contacts are no longer visible. It seems possible that the
      fibroblasts act as mechanical counterpart for the organization of the myogenic
      cells.

PMID- 3705913
TI  - Esterase activity in the bovine sweat gland: genetic differences and the effect
      of temperature.
AB  - The esterase activity in the sweat glands of Brahman (B), Brahman crossbred (BX)
      and Shorthorn (S) steers was studied in animals exposed to low heat loads while
      grazing. The percentage of sweat glands containing esterase in the secretory
      cells of the fundus differed between genotypes and ranked in order of their heat
      tolerance, i.e., B greater than BX greater than S. Esterase activity in some of
      those secretory cells was reduced in B bulls by acute exposure to high air
      temperatures in a climate chamber. While the significance of the esterase
      containing cells in the fundus of the bovine sweat gland is uncertain, the
      results suggest that they could represent the resting or relatively inactive
      stage of the secretory cells.

PMID- 3705914
TI  - Investigation of mandibular and neurocranial form.
AB  - In a study of mandibular form, 19 traditional linear dimensions were found to be
      consistently greater for macrocephalics than microcephalics. As such dimensions
      combine both size and shape parameters together, their interpretation proved
      difficult. In order to examine specifically mandibular shape only, each
      mandibular outline form was digitized and subjected to the technique of medial
      axis transformation. The data indicate that the shape contrasts between the
      mandibles of macrocephalics and microcephalics are more complex than
      traditionally envisaged and emphasize the need for further study to ascertain the
      effect of genetic and environmental influences on mandibular form.

PMID- 3705915
TI  - Changes in thickness of collagen fibrils in the endo- and epineurium of the mouse
      sciatic nerve during development.
AB  - Changes in the diameter of collagen fibrils were observed with an electron
      microscope in the endo- and epineurium of sciatic nerves of mice during
      development from 12 days of gestation to 5 months after birth. It was noted that
      endoneurial collagen fibrils appeared in embryonic mice at 15 days of gestation,
      and at the same time, basal laminae began to appear sporadically on the Schwann
      cell plasmalemma. No fibroblasts were seen at this developmental stage. Collagen
      fibrils in the endoneurium remained as thin as they were when they first
      appeared, being in the narrow range of 250-300 A in diameter, while those in the
      epineurium became much thicker (400-450 A, 5 months after birth) as is also the
      case in dermal connective tissues. The present study shows that the endoneurial
      collagen fibrils were different in their developmental pattern from those of the
      epineurial or of other connective tissues, lending support to the concept that
      the endoneurial collagen fibrils are particular in nature, being so-called
      histological reticular fibers.

PMID- 3705916
TI  - Studies on the functional morphology of rat ocular vessels with scanning electron
      microscopy.
AB  - Tests are still lacking about the suitability of scanning electron microscopy
      (SEM) of vascular resin casts to show different functional states of peripheral
      blood vessels. With the aid of a vitalmicroscopic device, we tried to elaborate a
      vascular casting method using the model of the albino rat iris vasculature.
      Functional variations of the vasculature were induced by local application of
      epinephrine to one eye using the untreated fellow eye as a control. It was found
      that if our modification of Araldite plastic is injected via a systemic access
      and without preceding rinsing with fixatives or salt solutions there is a good
      correlation between the vessel diameters seen in SEM of resin casts and the
      vessel diameters found in the vitalmicroscopic observations. Thus, this method
      appears also suitable for studying the effect of vasoactive substances.

PMID- 3705917
TI  - Paired cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum in developing ovarian oocytes of the
      golden hamster.
AB  - Paired cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum linked together by two parallel
      structures exhibiting periodic striations have been observed in the cytoplasm of
      small pre-antrum oocytes in the golden hamster. They are present only in oocytes
      from animals older than 3 weeks of age. Two or more such pairs may be associated
      with one another, and similar structures have been observed in contact with the
      nuclear envelope. The peak incidence of the paired membranes coincides with a
      sharp increase in rough endoplasmic reticulum as the oocyte commences rapid
      growth. A suggested role for the paired membranes in production of new
      endoplasmic reticulum is discussed.

PMID- 3705918
TI  - Growth of calvarial width. An experimental investigation in rabbits.
AB  - This investigation was conducted to analyze growth in width of the rabbit
      calvarium. 15 male New Zealand white rabbits were subjected to regular
      stereometric examinations from 31 to 141 days of age after implantation of
      tantalum bone markers. The sagittal suture complex, i.e. the interfrontal and
      interparietal sutures, and the bilateral temporal sutures demonstrated similar
      growth rates in magnitude which moderately decelerated throughout the observation
      period. Transverse growth exhibited local growth fluctuations and short-term
      negative growth values in a well-balanced manner.

PMID- 3705919
TI  - Sulfate incorporation by mouse synovial cells in vivo.
AB  - Mouse synovium was examined autoradiographically at various postinjection to
      determine the pattern of 35S utilization. Synovial cells incorporated 35S in a
      manner consistent with synthesis and secretion of sulfated macromolecules.
      Ultrastructural examination demonstrated two cell populations, one with a
      structure indicative of phagocytic function, the other with a structure typical
      of secretory activity.

PMID- 3705920
TI  - Alteration of amino acids in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with Parkinson's
      disease and spinocerebellar degeneration.
AB  - The alteration of amino acids in cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) from 14 cases of
      Parkinson's disease, five cases of cerebellar degeneration and five cases of
      headache (control) was studied using high performance liquid chromatography. In
      patients with Parkinson's disease, it was found that the CSF level of GABA showed
      a significant decrease, while that of taurine had an increase. The degree of
      disability in Parkinson's disease and the decreased GABA levels had a positive
      correlation, especially at its advanced stages. In patients with cerebellar
      degeneration, it was also found that there was a significant decrease in CSF
      GABA. The present results suggest that the CSF level of GABA may be a good
      indicator of the severity of Parkinson's disease as well as the presence of
      cerebellar degeneration. Possible involvement of the increase of CSF taurine in
      the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease is also suggested.

PMID- 3705921
TI  - Acylation of lysophosphatidylcholine and glycerolphosphate and fatty acid pattern
      in phosphatidylcholine and -ethanolamine in microsomes of normal and dystrophic
      human muscle.
AB  - Phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were isolated from
      microsomes obtained from normal and dystrophic human muscle and the fatty acid
      (FA) pattern estimated by GLC. In PC a decrease of the fatty acids of 16:0 and
      18:2 and an increase of 18:0 and 18:1 was observed. In PE the decrease measured
      18:2 and the increase 18:0 and 18:1. The acylation of lysophosphatidylcholine
      (LPC) and glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) was measured in a microsomal system
      containing exogenously added LPC or G3P and labelled palmitic and oleic acid CoA
      esters. The incorporation of both labelled fatty acids in LPC-forming PC is
      reduced in dystrophic microsomes. On the other hand the acylation of
      glycerolphosphate and the formation of phosphatidic acid (PA) is greater in
      dystrophic microsomes when compared with normal controls. Possible correlations
      between the shifted FA pattern and the acylation rate by dystrophic microsomes
      measured in vitro in the two systems are discussed.

PMID- 3705922
TI  - Nerve conduction velocity in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities (NCV) were recorded in several
      nerves of a total of 99 patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), and
      the results were compared to those obtained for two reference groups, one
      consisting of healthy children and the other of 30 children with different
      articular manifestations. The JRA and the affected reference group were not found
      to differ significantly from each other. NCV values were systematically slightly
      higher and the distal median nerve latencies slightly shorter in the patients
      with JRA than in the healthy reference group. Several measurement values differed
      from each other significantly. Some patients with JRA showed slightly decreased
      NCVs in individual nerves, but manifest mononeuropathy was not found. The results
      show that complications of peripheral nervous system origin do not typically
      occur in association with JRA.

PMID- 3705923
TI  - Cognitive performance in early Parkinson's disease.
AB  - The cognitive, memory and psychomotor performance of 67 patients with Parkinson's
      disease who had not received any antiparkinson medication was compared with the
      performance of 43 healthy subjects matched by age and education. The principal
      impairments in the patients were motor ones, evident in various tests such as
      general motor slowness and delayed initiation of movement, and they correlated
      with clinical rigidity and hypokinesia but not with tremor. The performance of
      the patients was inferior to that of the controls in memory tests involving the
      processing of information and learning (logical memory, associative learning) but
      not in less demanding tasks such as the retrieval of numbers. The total
      disability was due to a combined effect of aging and disease. A decrease of about
      15% in the psychomotor and cognitive performance, related to aging alone, can be
      expected to occur between the ages of 50 and 70. The performance of the patients
      in memory tests and other tests evaluating cognitive capacity did not correlate
      either with their motor disability or with their mood. A possibility therefore
      exists that biological processes behind the cognitive decline and the motor
      disability are separate, even if they may occur simultaneously.

PMID- 3705924
TI  - Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in Italy. An epidemiological study.
AB  - An epidemiological inquiry in Italy led to the collection of 207 cases of
      subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) with onset during the decade 1972
      1981, with a mean incidence rate of 0.37 cases per year per million total
      population (CYMTP) and 1.24 cases per year per million young population aged 0-19
      years (CYMYP). A striking difference was found among the 20 Italian regions, with
      a minimum of no cases in three regions, and a maximum incidence of 2.46 CYMTP
      (6.67 CYMYP) in Sardinia. The male/female ratio was 1.8/1. The mean age at SSPE
      onset was 10.6 (+/- 4.0) years in Italy, and was significantly lower in Sardinia
      (8.8 +/- 2.8). The mean age of measles was 2.8 +/- 1.7 years (in 106 cases),
      significantly lower than the mean age of measles in the general population.
      Moreover, the age of measles was significantly lower in males than in females,
      and this could represent a factor contributing to the higher SSPE incidence in
      males. The interval between measles and SSPE onset was significantly lower in
      Sardinia (mean 5.6 +/- 2.5 years). In Italy, as in other Mediterranean countries,
      SSPE incidence is higher than expected and unevenly distributed, suggesting that
      environmental factors play a role.

PMID- 3705925
TI  - Neurological disease activity in multiple sclerosis patients with periphlebitis
      retinae.
AB  - Periphlebitis retinae (PR) in multiple sclerosis (MS) is seen as cuffs around
      veins in the otherwise normal retinae. The frequency of PR in MS varies
      considerably between different series, approximately from 5 to 25%. The aim of
      the present study was to investigate if PR, when present, is correlated to
      neurological disease activity. No similar study has been performed to the
      author's knowledge. The prevalence of PR in a hospital material of 135 MS
      patients was 15%, compared to the frequency of 5% found in 168 MS patients
      examined at a Rehabilitation Center. Thus a three times higher frequency was
      found in the hospital material which comprised more patients with active disease.
      The status of neurological disease activity was assessed in 27 patients at the
      occurrence of PR. One patient only had stationary disease. The frequency of
      malignant MS in the 27 PR patients was 26% versus 9%. The present study suggests
      a correlation between neurological disease activity and PR in MS patients.

PMID- 3705926
TI  - Auditory extinction to nonverbal and verbal stimuli.
AB  - The so-called auditory extinction phenomenon in a verbal dichotic listening test
      was investigated in seven brain damaged patients from the qualitative standpoint.
      As the result, it became evident that the phenomenon could result from
      competition between verbal materials presented to both ears in at least two
      different levels of auditory processing i.e., sound perception and linguistic
      recognition. From the present study, we emphasize the following: If Bender's
      definition is followed, it is advisable to use the term extinction only for the
      phenomenon at the acoustic level. If the use of the term extinction for the
      phenomenon is to be continued at the linguistic level, the presence of auditory
      extinction and/or obscuration to nonverbal stimuli should be noted.

PMID- 3705927
TI  - Familial olivopontocerebellar atrophy with macular degeneration: a separate
      entity among the olivopontocerebellar atrophies.
AB  - A family with hereditary, neuropathologically confirmed olivopontocerebellar
      atrophy (OPCA) associated with macular degeneration is described. The mode of
      inheritance was autosomal dominant. The first symptom was insidious, progressive
      visual loss caused by macular degeneration. Another early sign was slow saccades.
      Some years after the visual symptoms, gradually progressing cerebellar
      dysfunction and pyramidal signs developed. Computed tomography of the brain
      indicated cerebellar and pontine atrophy. Finally the patients were blind, due to
      a severe chorioretinal atrophy, and disabled because af motor dysfunction. The
      present study, together with a review of other reported families with OPCA
      associated with macular degeneration, suggests that this disorder is a specific
      and clinically recognizable subtype of OPCA.

PMID- 3705928
TI  - Xeroderma pigmentosum with neurological abnormalities. A clinical and
      neuropathological study.
AB  - A clinical and neuropathological study of a case of xeroderma pigmentosum with
      severe neurological abnormalities was performed. The patient developed
      sensitivity to the sun, followed by freckles and malignant skin tumors. Some
      years after the onset of the cutaneous symptoms, a slowly progressive mental
      deterioration was noted. Subsequently, dysarthria, increased sensitivity and a
      tendency to cry and to be easily frightened developed together with ataxia and
      spasticity of the limbs. Late in the course of the disease the patient was
      severely disabled because of spastic tetraplegia. The clinical examination
      revealed generalized slowing in EEG, mixed sensory and motor neuropathy in EMG,
      thick skull, both cerebral cortical atrophy and ventricular dilatation in
      computed tomography and marked decrease in cerebrospinal homovanillic acid
      content. The neuropathological study showed marked loss of neurons in the basal
      nucleus of Meynert, the substantia nigra, the cerebellum, medulla and spinal
      cord. Diffuse loss of neurons was noted in the cerebral cortex and in the deep
      cerebral nuclei. In the nerve cells, a high amount of cytoplasmic lipofuscin was
      observed in some areas of CNS. The sciatic nerve showed marked loss of axons and
      heavy deposition of collagen around the remaining nerve fibers. The present
      neuropathological findings explain many of the clinical symptoms observed in
      xeroderma pigmentosum and show similarities with those observed in
      olivopontocerebellar atrophy, although the basic mechanism for the CNS damage is
      still unclear.

PMID- 3705929
TI  - Hyponatremia: cerebral symptoms and role in central pontine myelinolysis.
AB  - Central nervous system symptoms due to hyponatremia is highly dependent on its
      acuteness and cause. Severe acute hyponatremia (serum sodium less than 125 mEq/l)
      often causes confusion, lethargy, seizures or frank coma due to brain oedema. If
      therapy is delayed, hyponatremia carries a high mortality rate, and risk of
      irreversible brain damage. Hyponatremia should probably be corrected to 125-130
      mEq/l at a rate of 1.5-2.0 mEq/l/h. Malnourished alcoholic patients with
      hyponatremia may represent a special case with possible dangers of central
      pontine myelinolysis if a very low serum sodium is corrected acutely to
      normonatremic or hypernatremic levels. Mortality in this subgroup is high
      whatever the therapy.

PMID- 3705930
TI  - Anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy secondary to cluster headache.
AB  - This report describes a patient with cluster headache who developed anterior
      ischaemic optic neuropathy during an attack of headache, an association not
      previously described. A possible pathophysiologic mechanism based upon the
      understanding of optic disc physiology and ocular vascular pathology in headache
      syndromes is proposed.

PMID- 3705931
TI  - Leao's spreading depression in the hippocampus explains transient global amnesia.
      A hypothesis.
AB  - Transient global amnesia has been explained by epileptic mechanisms or transient
      ischemic attacks affecting the hippocampus. None of these two mechanisms appear
      likely. The animal experimental phenomenon entitled spreading depression of
      cortical electrical activity (SD) or spreading depression of Leao has been
      implicated in migraine pathogenesis and may be relevant to transient global
      amnesia. In experimental animals, SD in the hippocampus causes a temporary
      functional ablation lasting minutes to hours with full functional recovery.
      Glutamate, which is present in large amounts in the hippocampus, may
      experimentally elicit spreading depression, and strong emotional events may
      possibly liberate glutamate and bring about this reaction in human patients.

PMID- 3705932
TI  - Acetabular posterior wall fracture. 38 cases followed for 5 years.
AB  - Thirty-eight patients with a fracture of the posterior wall of the acetabulum
      were reviewed after 5 (2-12) years. Of 18 patients with successful manual
      reduction of a femoral head dislocation, a small fracture fragment, no sciatic
      nerve injury and who were not operated on, 17 had a good result. Of 20 patients
      who were operated on either because of the large size of the fracture fragment or
      because of a persistent dislocation of the femoral head, 6 had a poor result due
      to femoral head necrosis. In these 6 patients the reduction had been delayed and
      the acetabular osteochondral lesion was more severe than in the other patients.
      Skeletal traction seems unnecessary in the treatment of acetabular posterior wall
      fracture.

PMID- 3705933
TI  - Effect of pressure on bone cement stiffness. An in vitro study.
AB  - Twenty-two canine femora were injected with PMMA cement at pressures varying
      between 0.2 and 1.3 MPa. Sections cut from the femora were tested in bending in
      several planes and under axial loading. Cement penetration was determined for
      each section. The bending and axial stiffness values were correlated with the
      cement penetration values. Both bending and axial stiffness were related linearly
      to penetration and nonlinearly to the cement intrusion pressure. The stiffness
      values increased with the intrusion pressure: slowly at low pressures, rapidly at
      medium pressures, slowly again at higher pressures, and leveling off at about 1.2
      MPa. The 75 per cent of the maximum bending and axial stiffness values were
      achieved with a cement intrusion pressure of 0.55 MPa.

PMID- 3705934
TI  - Scintimetry of hip joint tamponade in dogs.
AB  - A unilateral, continuous hip joint pressure of 50 mm Hg was established for 6 h
      in five puppies under general anesthesia. 99mTc-DPD scintimetry 2 and 4 weeks
      after tamponade showed the mean ratio between the investigated and control hip to
      be 1.00 and 1.01, respectively, in the epiphyses. After killing and removal of
      the upper femora, the same ratio was 0.94 for epiphyses and 1.02 for metaphyses.
      Our study did not show signs of persistent bone ischemia after tamponade below
      the arterial pressure.

PMID- 3705935
TI  - Arthroscopy in acute knee injuries.
AB  - The diagnostic value of arthroscopy was evaluated in 148 patients with acute
      hemarthrosis and/or instability of the knee. The treatment planned after clinical
      examination was compared with the treatment given after arthroscopy. Seventy-nine
      per cent of the patients had ligamentous injuries; 59 per cent of tears were
      combined with other injuries, and 71 per cent were complete ruptures. Stability
      testing under anesthesia was most inaccurate for the anterior cruciate ligament,
      with 13 per cent false positive and 30 per cent false negative results. The
      planned treatment was altered as a consequence of arthroscopy in 31 per cent of
      cases. Without arthroscopy, the preoperative diagnoses would have been seriously
      wrong in 15 per cent of the patients. Twenty per cent of total anterior cruciate
      ligament ruptures would have been overlooked.

PMID- 3705936
TI  - Strengthening exercises for old cruciate ligament tears.
AB  - Fifty-three consecutive patients with troublesome old cruciate ligament lesions
      underwent a 3-month thigh and calf muscle training program. Before training, the
      diagnosis was established by arthroscopy and clinical examination under
      anesthesia. Significant improvement in strength, performance, knee score, and
      activity level took place; the majority were improved and declined surgery. A
      period of strength training is recommended before the decision to undertake
      surgery for cruciate ligament injury.

PMID- 3705937
TI  - Growth plate stimulation by diaphyseal fracture. Autoradiography of DNA synthesis
      in rats.
AB  - Using autoradiography, I studied the effect of diaphyseal injuries on the DNA
      synthesis of growth plate cells in Swiss Albino rats and found that mitotic
      activity of germinal and proliferation zone cells of the growth plate and
      periosteal callus increased 24 hours after the fracture and peaked at 48 hours.
      The mitotic activity continued until the eighteenth day with gradual decline from
      the second day onwards. It appears as if the growth plate cells are stimulated by
      the same mitogenic activator as the periosteal cells. I therefore postulate that
      the overgrowth of long bones after fractures is due to local mitogenic
      stimulating factor(s), and is not due to an increased blood supply to the
      epiphyses, as is presently widely claimed.

PMID- 3705938
TI  - Silastic arthroplasty in rheumatoid MCP-joints.
AB  - Resection arthroplasty using Swanson silicone prosthesis was performed in 74 MCP
      joints in 22 patients, all with rheumatoid arthritis. Follow-up at 2 (1-7) years
      showed complete pain relief in 15 patients and considerable improvement in hand
      function; the average range of motion was unchanged but extension was improved
      and ulnar deviation and volar displacement were reduced. Complications included
      fracture of four implants, two superficial infections, one hematoma and one skin
      necrosis.

PMID- 3705939
TI  - Physical properties of autoclaved bone. Torsion test of rabbit diaphyseal bone.
AB  - Structural properties of autoclaved diaphyseal bone in the rabbit were
      investigated by torsional test. Heat propagation into the bone was studied by
      means of thermocouples. The torsional test included 54 pairs of diaphyseal bones.
      Autoclaving was performed to the same degree of sterilization, although with
      variations of time and temperature. Standard autoclaving at 121 degrees C for 20
      min was found to cause a moderate decrease (23 per cent) in torsional strength.
      The decrease was more pronounced (35 per cent) for bones autoclaved at 110
      degrees C for 255 min and less (9 per cent) for those autoclaved at 131 degrees C
      for 2 min. Heat propagation into bone during autoclaving proved to be rapid at
      both 121 degrees C and 131 degrees C, indicating that complete, uniform
      sterilization of diaphyseal bone may be performed to an accurate, predetermined
      degree. Diaphyseal bone subjected to standard autoclaving remains mechanically
      adequate for skeletal substitution. Reimplantation of autoclaved tumorous bone
      might provide a simple combined means for tumor devitalization and subsequent
      reconstruction.

PMID- 3705940
TI  - Effects of fixation stiffness on fracture healing. External fixation of tibial
      osteotomy in the rabbit.
AB  - In rabbit tibial osteotomies, the effects on bone healing of three different
      degrees of stiffness of external fixation were investigated. Redislocation
      occurred in one third of the osteotomies with the least rigid fixation, and the
      amount of external callus was greater in this group. At 6 weeks there were no
      significant differences between the groups regarding bending strength and
      stiffness of the bones.

PMID- 3705941
TI  - Notochord and spinal malformations.
AB  - Fourteen spinal malformations were found in 328 spontaneously aborted human
      embryos and fetuses. Of these, 13 were investigated histologically and
      histomorphometrically and compared with 47 age- and stagematched normal specimens
      to document any possible relationship between spinal and notochordal
      malformations. Although six notochordal malformations, such as bifurcation, were
      found in 14 spinal malformations, the respective sites did not correspond.
      Abnormality of notochordal tissue--such as degeneration and delayed development,
      which was observed in nine of 14 spinal malformations--was not restricted to the
      site of the spinal malformation. Moreover, tissue changes responsible for spinal
      malformations usually did not occur in direct contact with the notochord. On the
      other hand, malformed notochords were found in normal specimens. We therefore
      were unable to confirm in human specimens that notochordal abnormalities induce
      spinal malformations, a fact well established in lower vertebrates.

PMID- 3705942
TI  - Function after lower limb amputation.
AB  - Functional ability and social dependence were investigated by personal interview
      of 107 lower limb amputees surviving 1-5 years postoperatively. Among eight
      independent variables studied by multiple regression analysis, increased age was
      associated unfavorably with physical ability and social dependence. Independence
      from social provisions preoperatively showed favorable relationships with
      functional capacity and postoperative dependence. Above-knee or bilateral
      amputation and postoperative pain were associated with reduced functional
      ability, but not with social dependence. No significant association was found
      with cause of operation or sex of the amputees. The importance of proper
      prosthetic fitting and pain control is emphasized.

PMID- 3705943
TI  - Respiratory distress following major trauma. Predictive value of blood
      coagulation tests.
AB  - We have evaluated the use of laboratory parameters to predict the risk of adult
      respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) at an early stage after major trauma.
      Patients with lung contusion were excluded. Five of 29 patients fulfilled our
      criteria of ARDS, i.e. PaO2/FiO2 less than or equal to 38. They showed lower
      platelet counts and antiplasmin as well as a tendency to lower antithrombin III,
      fibrinogen, and plasminogen. These changes indicated activation of the
      coagulation and fibrinolytic systems by trauma. The most sensitive indicator of
      ARDS seemed to be the platelet count, although it was also related to blood loss
      and amount of blood transfused. Hence the platelet count should be considered in
      relation to blood replacement in the patient with major trauma. Tentative
      laboratory values are suggested to indicate risk levels of developing ARDS.

PMID- 3705944
TI  - Snapping hip.
AB  - Thirty-one snapping hips in 24 patients were followed for 4 (1-11) years after
      operation. At follow-up, snapping persisted in nine hips, in three cases
      accompanied by pain. The femoral neck angle was less in the patients (128
      degrees) than in a control group (134 degrees).

PMID- 3705945
TI  - Hip arthroplasty for alkaptonuric ochronosis. A case report.
AB  - Ochronotic arthropathy is present in about one third of the patients with
      alkaptonuria. The large joints, as well as the spinal column, are affected. In a
      typical case with a grave classic ochronotic arthro- and spondylopathy,
      arthroplasties of the hips greatly increased the patient's physical activity.

PMID- 3705946
TI  - Dysplasia epiphysialis hemimelica of the hip. A case report.
AB  - Dysplasia epiphysialis hemimelica most commonly presents as overgrowth of part of
      an epiphysis. A case of dysplasia epiphysialis hemimelica, presenting with hip
      pain secondary to an isolated epiphyseal exostosis of the femoral head, is
      reported. Excision of the osteochondroma produced complete relief of symptoms.
      This forme fruste of dysplasia epiphysialis hemimelica has not previously been
      described in the hip joint.

PMID- 3705947
TI  - Morphological study of blood-labyrinth barrier in the vestibular organs under
      normal and experimental acute hypertensive and acute hypotensive conditions.
AB  - In order to examine a blood-labyrinth barrier in the vestibular region, capillary
      permeability of the vestibular organs, i.e. the sacculus, the utriculus and the
      ampullae of semicircular canals, were studied light and electron microscopically
      by the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) tracer method. Intravenously infused HRP was
      not observed outside capillaries because of the tightness of endothelial tight
      junctions and the paucity of pinocytotic vesicles. Furthermore, the effect of
      drug-induced acute hypertension and acute hypotension on the capillaries of the
      vestibular organs was studied morphologically using the tracer technique. In each
      experiment, there was no extravasation of HRP from capillaries, thus agreeing
      with the results of the experiment made under normal conditions. These findings
      mean that capillaries of the vestibular region are of ordinary brain capillary
      type and contribute to the blood-labyrinth barrier to macromolecules such as HRP
      both under normal conditions and following abrupt changes in blood pressure.

PMID- 3705948
TI  - Effect of labyrinthectomy on the endolymphatic sac. A histological,
      ultrastructural and computer-aided morphometric investigation in the mouse.
AB  - A time sequence study of the effect of hemilabyrinthectomy on the endolymphatic
      sac was performed in mice. Light and transmission electron microscopy of the sac
      showed significant morphological changes of the epithelial lining and adjacent
      structures. Initially (2 and 4 days post-labyrinthectomy) the sac lumen was
      collapsed, but later (7 days post-labyrinthectomy) it was dilated or 'ballooned'
      and filled with a darkly staining homogeneous substance. This substance, which
      has been identified histochemically as a proteoglycan, appeared to be secreted
      from the epithelium of the endolymphatic sac. This finding suggests that the
      endolymphatic sac may be capable both of absorbing and of secreting endolymph.

PMID- 3705949
TI  - Electrocochleography for different electrode positions in guinea pig.
AB  - In 20 guinea pigs the relation between the electrode position on the cochlear
      surface and the recorded potentials was studied. We found the greatest AP
      amplitudes at the free lateral part of the cochlea; AP amplitudes decreased when
      the electrode was moved into the direction of the attachment of the cochlea to
      the petrous bone. Moving the electrode from the basal turn to the apex the
      maximal AP amplitude was found at the apex. The most negative SP was always
      recorded from the apex. This negative SP became smaller when the electrode was
      moved to the basal turn. Near the round window a small negative SP was recorded
      for 1 kHz stimuli and a positive SP for most 4 kHz stimuli. Moving the electrode
      from the free lateral part of the cochlea to the place of attachment to the
      petrous bone the magnitude of the SP decreased in a fashion similar to the AP
      amplitude. For 4 kHz stimuli we recorded a range of SP-AP ratios from -0.21 to
      +0.50 merely by varying the electrode position. Thus the SP-AP ratio highly
      depends on the electrode position.

PMID- 3705950
TI  - The effect of vasopressin upon the cochlear potentials in the guinea pig.
AB  - The change in the EP, CM, SP and AP during perilymphatic perfusion of vasopressin
      (antidiuretic hormone) was examined in the guinea pig. The EP was recorded with a
      microelectrode through the spiral ligament of the second turn. The CM, SP and AP
      were measured with the differential electrodes in the basal turn. The perfusion
      of vasopressin at concentration of more than 10(-5)M produced a reversible
      decrease in the EP. The extent of the EP decline was dependent upon the
      concentration of vasopressin. Abolition of the effect of vasopressin upon the EP
      by the resumption of respiration after transient asphyxia was observed. During
      the perfusion of vasopressin, the CM and AP decreased, while the negative
      component of the SP increased. The mechanism causing the effect of vasopressin
      upon the cochlear potentials is discussed.

PMID- 3705951
TI  - Trigeminal dysfunction in patients with Bell's palsy.
AB  - The trigeminal function was investigated in 30 consecutive patients with acute
      unilateral peripheral facial palsy. The patients were tested with
      electrophysiological methods within 5 weeks after onset of the disease.
      Trigeminus-evoked potential test (TEP) disclosed trigeminal dysfunction in 47%,
      while the blink reflex test (BR) showed trigeminal pathology in 60% of the
      patients. A topographical analysis of the trigeminal system showed that 24% of
      the patients had BR patterns that were consistent with brainstem involvement. In
      2 cases (7%), TEP was pathological though the BR test proved normal. These
      findings suggest a more central trigeminal affection and may demonstrate
      multifocal lesions. This was further underlined by the investigation of the
      auditory brainstem response (ABR) which indicated brainstem involvement in 28%.
      It is concluded that acute facial palsy is frequently a symptom of a central
      nervous affection.

PMID- 3705952
TI  - Epithelial reactions to hydroxyapatite. An in vivo and in vitro study.
AB  - The intention of this study was to investigate the epithelial reactions to
      hydroxyapatite ceramic in vivo and in vitro. Shortly after implantation in the
      rat middle ear, hydroxyapatite was found covered by a mucosal layer. In the early
      postoperative period the implant was almost completely covered by epithelial
      cells, which were found to proliferate and also showed migratory activity. After
      longer intervals the implant was completely covered by epithelium, which was
      composed predominantly of flat polygonal cells and a relatively small number of
      ciliated epithelium and goblet cells. All cells showed normal morphology. In
      vitro experiments showed preservation of the morphology of rat middle-ear mucosa
      explants with good outgrowth of epithelial cells. In these outgrows, the majority
      of the cells were flat polygonal, but ciliated epithelium was also seen. No
      difference was found between the absence and presence of hydroxyapatite. Serially
      cultured cells displayed normal polygonal morphology, but no ciliated cells were
      found. Ciliated cells were also absent in control experiments without
      hydroxyapatite. Growth curves obtained in the absence and presence of
      hydroxyapatite did not differ significantly from each other.

PMID- 3705953
TI  - The ototoxicity of repetitive chronic aminoglycoside administration. An
      experimental study.
AB  - To determine whether previous exposure to an aminoglycoside antibiotic would
      predispose an individual to more severe ototoxic reactions upon subsequent
      administration, guinea pigs were given up to three courses of gentamicin at a
      dose of 50 or 100 mg/kg. Each course was separated by a period of 4 weeks, and
      animals were killed 4 weeks after the date of last injection. Cochlear pathology
      was assessed by the surface preparation technique and phase contrast microscopy.
      Detailed counts of sensory hair cell populations were recorded and statistically
      analysed. No significant ototoxic hair cell loss occurred following the
      repetition of 50 mg/kg. At 100 mg/kg, repetitive administration produced a
      significant and cumulative destruction of the most basal outer and inner hair
      cells. Using this protocol, it was concluded that if the initial exposure proved
      ototoxic, further administration of gentamicin increased subsequent sensory hair
      cell loss.

PMID- 3705954
TI  - Promotive effect of lysozyme on the ciliary activity of the human nasal mucosa.
AB  - Lysozyme is an important resistance factor in the respiratory defence mechanism.
      Few reports exist concerning its effects on the ciliary activity of the human
      nasal mucosa. To clarify the biological activity of lysozyme in ciliary movement,
      a quantitative study was undertaken using a photo-electrical method to measure
      ciliary beats in vitro under conditions of constant temperature. Egg-white
      lysozyme in a 0.01 M sodium phosphate buffer solution, pH 7.4, dose-dependently
      accelerated the ciliary beats in the human nasal mucosa, removing overlying mucus
      continuously for at least 60 min. The buffer alone, however, failed to affect
      ciliary beats. These results indicate that egg-white lysozyme directly promotes
      the ciliary beats in the human nasal mucosa.

PMID- 3705955
TI  - Development of brush cytology for detection of metaplastic and dysplastic nasal
      mucosa lesions. A preliminary report.
AB  - Nickel workers and wood workers have an increased incidence of carcinoma and of
      lesions of the nasal mucosa regarded as precancerous, i.e. dysplasia. This
      preliminary study demonstrates how metaplastic and dysplastic changes of the
      nasal epithelium may be diagnosed independently from cytological smears and from
      histological sections of samples from the same middle nasal turbinate. The
      sampling technique described yielded excellent material for cytological diagnosis
      and was also suitable for detailed cell surface characterization by scanning
      electron microscopy (SEM). Exfoliative cytology was found to be a reliable means
      of detecting preneoplastic changes in the nasal mucosa of individuals in selected
      risk groups. The sampling procedure causes less discomfort to the subjects and
      requires fewer resources than biopsy procedures.

PMID- 3705956
TI  - Chronic maxillary sinusitis. Definition, diagnosis and relation to dental
      infections and nasal polyposis.
AB  - Various definitions have been proposed for the term 'chronic sinusitis' but too
      often reports on chronic sinusitis lack a definition. In order to improve the
      diagnosis and treatment of this disease, and also to facilitate comparisons
      between clinical investigations, definitions of 'chronic maxillary sinusitis' of
      either rhinogenous or dental origin are proposed. It is suggested that the
      differential diagnosis should be based upon the duration of symptoms, ENT and
      dental examinations, sinus radiographs and/or sinoscopy, and results of
      conservative treatment. In a study conducted over a 5-year period, 198 patients
      with 244 affected sinuses fulfilled the proposed criteria. The incidence of
      chronic maxillary sinusitis in the population was 0.02%. A dental cause was found
      in 40.6% of the sinuses. The dental cause could be confirmed by routine dental
      examination in only 43 of 99 cases, while an extended maxillo-dental examination
      was conclusive in the other cases (56/99). Marginal periodontitis was found as
      frequently as periapical granuloma and together they constituted 83% of all
      dental causes. Sinusitis of dental origin was rare before the age of 30. Every
      sixth patient was found to have nasal polyposis. When related to the number of
      affected sinuses, the incidence of nasal polyposis was 13.1% in sinusitis of
      dental origin and 23.4% in that of rhinogenous origin. The importance of close
      cooperation between the ENT specialist and the oral surgeon is stressed.

PMID- 3705957
TI  - The clinical relevance of classification of squamous cell hyperplasia of the
      larynx by morphometry.
AB  - By means of morphometry, differentiation between the classes of laryngeal
      squamous cell hyperplasia can easily be performed, mutually (Kleinsasser's
      classification) and in comparison with normal epithelium. It is rather difficult,
      however, to distinguish between class II (hyperplasia and atypia) and class III
      (carcinoma in situ). In the group of class II lesions, two groups of patients
      could be differentiated: a prognostically favourable and an unfavourable group.
      When using a linear discriminant analysis, the two groups mentioned could be
      distinguished morphometrically. In histopathological examination, lesions
      classified as hyperplasia and atypia (class II), must also be examined with
      morphometry, because in this way the group at risk can be traced.

PMID- 3705958
TI  - Experiments in surgical voice restoration using valve prostheses.
AB  - As our experience with 132 laryngectomees shows, the quality of tracheopharyngeal
      speech differs. Effortless tracheo-pharyngeal speech requires low flow
      resistance. Testing the individual factors that influence flow resistance and
      which are due to the prosthesis, we found that prosthesis diameter and slit
      length were most important. Various types of valve prosthesis differ considerably
      in their flow resistance. However, a low-flow resistance valve prosthesis is only
      partly responsible for easy phonation: Contact between the pharyngeal end of the
      prosthesis and surrounding tissue may influence voice quality considerably. A
      later paper will describe the extent to which surgery can create a low-resistance
      vibratile upper digestive tract.

PMID- 3705959
TI  - Effect of magnesium deficiency on ultrastructural changes in coronary arteries of
      swine.
AB  - The effects of magnesium (Mg) deficiency on the coronary arteries of 27 Yorkshire
      swine were studied by light and electron microscopy. The experimental animals
      were divided into 4 groups which received the following supplements: Group I,
      basal ration with adequate Mg (540 mg/kg diet), Group II, basal ration with
      insufficient Mg (270 mg/kg diet) Group III, 10% milk powder with adequate Mg (540
      mg/kg diet), Group IV, 10% milk powder with insufficient Mg (270 mg/kg diet).
      Serum analysis indicated that dietary low Mg supplementation decreased
      cholesterol levels and increased phospholipid concentrations significantly. The
      highest magnitude and incidence of intimal thickening were observed in the
      coronary arteries of Group IV (p less than 0.003). No significant intimal
      thickening was detected in any of the other groups. Ultrastructural studies
      revealed a greater frequency of degenerated cells in Group III and IV (p less
      than 0.01). Numerous calcifications were observed in only Group IV. These data
      suggest that moderate Mg deficiency can promote atherosclerosis in combination
      with some atherogenic diet, and that the presence of smooth muscle cell
      degeneration is important in order for a magnesium deficiency to exert an effect
      on the coronary artery of swine.

PMID- 3705960
TI  - Bannayan syndrome--generalized lipomatosis associated with megalencephaly and
      macrodactyly.
AB  - This paper reports an autopsy case of a 5-year and 11-month-old girl with
      generalized subcutaneous lipomatosis, megalencephaly, and macrodactyly. Marked
      emaciation and poor prognosis were the characteristic findings of this case. We
      thought that this case was identical with a rare syndrome which was initially
      reported by BANNAYAN in 1971. Autopsy disclosed diffuse lipomatosis in the
      thoracic and abdominal cavity, and infiltration of fat tissue to the pancreas.
      Hyperplasia of the small intestinal mucosa and Peyer's patch, and a pedunculated
      polyp of the sigmoid colon were the unique findings which could not be seen in
      the previously reported cases.

PMID- 3705961
TI  - Pancreatic carcinoma in childhood.
AB  - A case of pancreatic carcinoma in a 14-year-old Japanese boy is reported. He
      complained of general fatigue, anorexia, abdominal distension, and abdominal
      mass. At autopsy, a whitish tumor was found from the head to the body of the
      pancreas. Metastasis was found in the liver, lungs, gall bladder, and various
      lymph nodes such as stomach, hilus, and periaorta. The tumor was histologically
      determined to be moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma (cribriform type) of
      duct cell origin. However, the tumors showed PAS-positive diastase-resistant
      mucus in the cytoplasm. Histocytology showed the positivity for alpha 1
      antitrypsin, secretory component (sc), and CEA, but no S-amylase was detected in
      the cytoplasm. Electron microscopy revealed zymogen-like granules in the
      cytoplasm suggesting acinar differentiation.

PMID- 3705962
TI  - A high-grade malignancy bronchial mucoepidermoid carcinoma with features of giant
      cell carcinoma.
AB  - A high-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma associated with giant cell carcinoma of the
      bronchus was found in a 41-year-old man. Light and electron microscopic
      examinations showed glandular and squamous elements. The histology of the giant
      cell carcinoma was similar to those of previously reported giant cell carcinomas.
      It was assumed that the giant cell carcinoma in the present case is the result of
      transformation of mucoepidermoid carcinoma originating in the bronchial gland.

PMID- 3705963
TI  - Endolymphatic stromal myosis of the uterus with metastasis to ovary and
      recurrence in vagina.
AB  - A 24-year-old woman underwent a supracervical hysterectomy with findings of an
      endolymphatic stromal myosis (ESM) with vascular invasion as a submucosal tumor
      of the uterine fundus. Four years later, metastasis of ESM in the right ovary was
      found after salpingo-oophorectomy. Parametrial masses and a tumor infiltrated
      cervical stump revealed the same structure of ESM after operation. Though
      subtotal excision of the pelvic and vaginal recurrences nine years after the
      first operation for ESM and in spite of oral administration of danazol and
      duphaston (hydrogesterone), a recurrent vaginal tumor developed after the fourth
      operation and local application of chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil was given. At
      present, the patient's condition is stable without distant metastasis.

PMID- 3705964
TI  - Pseudomembranous colitis in a patient of paraquat intoxication.
AB  - A 49 year-old man drank paraquat 7-8 fold of human fatal dose, and died of severe
      respiratory failure in 24 days in spite of intensive therapy. The autopsy
      revealed diffuse pulmonary fibrosis caused by prolonged intoxication of paraquat.
      An interesting finding was many raised plaques from 1 mm to 10 mm in diameter,
      observed in whole colon. Histologically, these plaques were composed of necrotic
      mucosa ("pseudomembrane"), disrupted crypts and edematous submucosa with fibrin
      education, intervening in normal colon tissue with sharp margins, and diagnosed
      as non-antibiotic-induced pseudomembranous colitis. Since the edematous submucosa
      of the raised plaque had a stratified fibrin education around a dilated
      capillary, it was speculated that the vessel injury by paraquat might play a role
      in the pathogenesis of pseudomembranous colitis.

PMID- 3705965
TI  - Screening of diphenylamine as an antihyperglycaemic agent in certain edible plant
      organs.

PMID- 3705966
TI  - Hypotensive effects of Lupinus termis and Coriandrum sativum in Anaesthetized
      Rats. A preliminary study.

PMID- 3705967
TI  - [In vitro biopharmaceutical control of pharmaceutical preparations. 8.
      Mathematical method for the evaluation of dissolution curves determined in flow
      through cells].

PMID- 3705968
TI  - Short-term oral terbutaline does not induce myocardial hypertrophy in man.
AB  - Seven healthy male subjects, with an average age of 32 years, received 15 mg oral
      terbutaline daily for 14 days. Echocardiography was used to evaluate myocardial
      wall thickness. The terbutaline dose given resulted in plasma concentrations of
      terbutaline which improve lung function in asthmatic patients. Echocardiographic
      measurements were, however, unchanged during the study compared to pretreatment
      values. Thus, contrary to what has been reported in animal models, short-term
      terbutaline treatment in man does not seem to induce cardiac hypertrophy.

PMID- 3705969
TI  - Does dihydroergotamine reduce plasma volume?
AB  - Indications on a plasma volume reduction by dihydroergotamine (DHE) has been
      found in earlier studies. This study was made in order to further evaluate such a
      change. In animal experiments (sheep, n = 10) measurements were performed of red
      blood cell volume and plasma volume using radioactive labelling techniques. Red
      blood cell volume was unchanged but a plasma volume decrease of 10% was found
      after two hours and it persisted for 24 hours. In postoperative patients (n = 9),
      who had been given an infusion of ringer-glucose (5.5%) at a rate of 100 ml/hour,
      DHE caused an increase in diuresis but neither ADH (n = 9) nor aldosterone (n =
      3) levels were changed. The data from the present study further support the
      earlier findings of a reduced plasma volume after DHE administration. The main
      effect of dihydroergotamine is on the vascular bed and especially on capacitance
      vessels (increased tonus). The reduced plasma volume by DHE seems to be one
      additional effect of DHE.

PMID- 3705970
TI  - Induction of rat hepatic microsomal epoxide hydrolase by substituted urea
      herbicides.
AB  - Short-term effect of eight substituted phenylurea herbicides has been
      investigated on the induction of rat hepatic microsomal epoxide hydrolase
      activity using an HPLC method with unlabelled styrene oxide as substrate. Each
      compound increased epoxide hydrolase activity 1.5-4 times the controls.

PMID- 3705971
TI  - Induction of coat colour spots in non-agouti NMRI x PDB,Fl. Dose response
      relationship with ethylnitrosourea.

PMID- 3705972
TI  - Urinary excretion of formic acid in rabbits.

PMID- 3705973
TI  - Interactions between hexobarbital and thiopental in male rats evaluated with an
      anaesthesia threshold.
AB  - The anaesthetic interaction between hexobarbital and thiopental in different
      combinations were investigated in male rats by using the isobolografic method.
      Data on dose, serum or brain concentrations at an EEG-criterion induced with a
      threshold method were utilized. The criterion was defined by a burst suppression
      in the EEG of 1 sec. or more (the "silent second"). With rats more than 115 days
      of age a synergistic interaction (potentiation) was obtained when a low dose of
      hexobarbital and a high dose of thiopental were used. The relationship between
      serum and brain concentrations of hexobarbital and thiopental in the different
      tested combinations gave no evidence for a pharmacokinetic interaction. Thus the
      synergistic interaction was located in the brain and probably related to the
      mechanisms of action. The same tests performed on rats at an age of approximately
      90 days gave not only a potentiation when a low dose of hexobarbital and a high
      dose of thiopental were used, but also a potentiation when a high dose of
      hexobarbital and a low dose of thiopental were used. These results indicate an
      age-related change in sensitivity in the CNS between 90 and 115 days of age.
      Further investigations of this age-related change showed that this change from a
      potentiation to an additive interaction occurred between the age of 85 and 96
      days.

PMID- 3705974
TI  - Myometrial activity related to gap junction area in periparturient and in
      ovariectomized oestrogen treated sheep.
AB  - Propagation of electrical (EMG) activity in the myometrium may be facilitated by
      the presence of gap junctions (GJ), leading to improved synchronization of
      contractility. EMG and mechanical (IUP) activity in relation to GJ area were
      studied in 9 periparturient and in 2 ovariectomized (OVX) oestradiol-17 beta (E2)
      treated ewes, chronically instrumented with bipolar electrodes and intrauterine
      sponge-tip catheters. Myometrial biopsies were taken under epidural anaesthesia
      at various time intervals around delivery and after intra-arterial administration
      of 0.1 mg of E2. In pregnant ewes we found a significant increase in the rate of
      rise and area of IUP cycles during labour. Both were closely related to a
      significant increase in GJ area. In E2 treated OVX sheep we found a significant
      increase in GJ area, with a maximum at 24 hours after injection. The increase in
      GJ area was associated with a significant increase in the rate of rise of IUP
      cycles. The results of our study support the hypothesis that gap junctions
      facilitate the spread of EMG activity across the myometrium, which may improve
      synchronization of uterine contractility during labour.

PMID- 3705975
TI  - Role of corpora-allata and brain of adult female Lohita grandis gray.
AB  - Removal of the corpora allata from the emerging female adults of L. grandis
      caused a rapid and significant increase in the contents of total carbohydrate,
      glycogen, total lipids, cholesterol, total proteins and RNA in the fat body, and
      a significant drop in the contents of trehalose free fatty acids (FFA),
      phospholipids, free amino acids (FAA) and also in the activity of acid and
      alkaline phosphatase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate
      pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and exterase in the fat body, in comparison with the
      sham-operated controls. Treatment with juvenile hormone analogue (JHa) of the
      allatectomized insects significantly reverses the effects produced by allatectomy
      (P less than or equal to 0.01). Similarly, removal of the brain produced similar
      responses in the fat-body but with some exceptions such as the decrease of total
      protein and RNA and increase significant of FAA as compared to the sham-operated
      controls. Simultaneous removal of corpora-allata and brain produces a rapid
      increase in the contents of total carbohydrate, glycogen, total lipid,
      cholesterol, FAA and the activity of acid phosphatase in comparison with all
      other treatments performed in this study, while the contents of trehalose,
      phospholipid, FFA, total protein, RNA and the activity of GOT, GPT, general
      esterase and alkaline phosphatase in the fat-body decreased compared to all other
      treatments. The results obtained are discussed in relation to the neuro-endocrine
      control of metabolism in insects.

PMID- 3705976
TI  - Changes during ischaemia in extracellular potassium ion concentration of the
      brain under nitrous oxide or hexobarbital-sodium anaesthesia and moderate
      hypothermia.
AB  - Changes in the time lag until a steep increase in cerebral extracellular
      potassium ion concentration occurring during total ischaemia caused by clamping
      of the aorta were investigated in dogs. The results indicate that during two
      subsequent clamping of the aorta in the same animal the time lag between the
      start of ischaemia and the steep increase in potassium ion concentration (1)
      hardly changed during nitrous oxide anaesthesia, i.e. from 2.09 +/- 0.31 to 2.22
      +/- 0.51 min; (2) as a response to the administration of hexobarbital-sodium the
      steep increase took place 0.50 +/- 0.37 min later, i.e. 2.89 +/- 0.74 min after
      the administration of the drug and then, at the second clamping, 2.39 +/- 0.71
      min; (3) during a 1 degree C decrease in body temperature the steep increase took
      place 0.29 +/- 0.05 min later. From the values of cerebral extracellular
      potassium ion concentration during ischaemia the conclusion might be drawn that
      hypothermia serves as the principal factor in the protection of the ischaemic
      brain tissue; meanwhile, also hexobarbital-sodium has a significant though
      somewhat smaller protective effect.

PMID- 3705977
TI  - Effect of glutaurine on sleep-wakefulness cycle and aggressive behaviour in the
      cat.
AB  - The effects of glutaurine (gamma-L-glutamyl taurine, Litoralon, Chinoin,
      Budapest) on the aggressive behaviour and sleep-wakefulness cycle were studied in
      freely moving cats. Glutaurine, even in doses as low as 0.1 microgram/kg, was
      found significantly to shorten the latency of the rat-killing reaction elicited
      by hypothalamic stimulation. On the other hand, the same doses failed to modify
      the sleep-wakefulness cycle to any significant degree throughout the study period
      of 4 hours. On the grounds of these and previous data, the possible brain site of
      the glutaurine action is discussed.

PMID- 3705978
TI  - Axonal effects of capsaicin: an electrophysiological study.
AB  - The effects of axonally applied capsaicin on the discharge activity and compound
      action potential of the cat vagus, saphenous and phrenic nerves and the cervical
      sympathetic trunk were studied under in vivo and in vitro conditions. Application
      of capsaicin (10(-4) M) to the vagus, saphenous and phrenic nerves resulted in
      the appearance of intense discharge activity which reached its maximum after 3-4
      min and lasted for 15-20 min. Parallel with the increase in discharge activity,
      elicited by orthodromic activation induced by capsaicin, the amplitudes of the A
      delta and C components of an antidromically evoked compound action potential were
      significantly reduced. After the excitatory action of capsaicin vanished, an
      increase in the latency and duration and a decrease in the amplitudes of the
      components of the compound action potential were observed which might have led to
      the development of a local block of impulse propagation. These changes proved to
      be reversible after the removal of capsaicin from the nerve. Compound action
      potentials recorded from the saphenous or vagus nerves pretreated with capsaicin
      3-5 days before the experiments failed to show any significant changes. It is
      concluded that upon direct axonal application capsaicin results in the excitation
      of both A delta and C fibres which is followed by a nonspecific but reversible
      blockade of impulse propagation. The possible significance of these transient
      effects of axonally applied capsaicin in term of the development of the highly
      specific functional impairment occurring a few days after perineural capsaicin
      treatment remains to be elucidated.

PMID- 3705979
TI  - Spontaneous electrical activity and effects of noradrenaline on pregnant human
      myometrium recorded by the single sucrose-gap method.
AB  - Spontaneous intracellular electrical activity and contraction of pregnant human
      myometrium were recorded by the single sucrose-gap method, and the effects of
      noradrenaline on the muscle were studied. Human myometrium obtained at various
      stages of gestation showed three types of action potentials, which were spike-,
      plateau- and intermediate-type in configuration. In human isthmic myometrium at
      full-term pregnancy dissected from the endometrial side of the uterine wall, both
      plateau and spike types of action potential were observed. All contractions were
      well synchronized with each action potential. These results indicate the
      possibility of the intertwinning of two different types of muscle bundles. The
      magnitude of contraction depended on the frequency of the spikes in spike-type or
      the plateau duration in plateau-type action potentials. The alpha-excitatory
      action of noradrenaline (2 X 10(-7) g/ml) was found to affect the configuration
      of the action potential; even the spike-type configuration became plateau.

PMID- 3705980
TI  - A comparison of uterine motility in the pregnant and non-pregnant cynomolgus
      monkey (Macaca fascicularis) and pregnant woman: a manometric and
      electromyographic study.
AB  - The use of a combination of manometric and electromyographic methods provided a
      reliable technique for evaluating variations in uterine activity in conscious
      macaque monkeys and women. The technique was particularly useful for obtaining
      data on the influence of steroid hormones. During the spontaneous menstrual cycle
      of the macaque, uterine motility, after being weak and poorly synchronized during
      the follicular phase, became still weaker with impaired synchronization during
      the luteal phase and then much stronger and well-synchronized at the time of
      menstruation. There was no evidence in vivo of any relationship between the
      existence of gap junctions in the myometrium of non-pregnant animals and the
      various patterns of uterine motility. During the last third of pregnancy in
      macaques, the initiation of electrical activity in various uterine areas was
      always synchronous with and related to mechanical contraction. The same results
      were obtained in preparturient women. Thus, improved uterine coordination does
      not appear to be the mechanism by which the uterine contractile strength
      increases to expulse the foetus at the end of pregnancy. Apart from the
      particular situation of non-pregnant animals under progestative influence, in
      which activity was constantly non-propagated, we could not find any evidence of a
      general pattern which would indicate only one site for the initiation of activity
      and its extension to the whole uterus.

PMID- 3705981
TI  - Electrophysiological properties of calcitonin-secreting cells derived from human
      medullary thyroid carcinoma.
AB  - Primary cultures of human medullary thyroid carcinoma tissue were prepared from
      lymph node metastases in two patients. The parenchymal, cultured cells displayed
      positive immunocytochemical staining for CT, and the cells also released the
      hormone into the culture medium. The membrane potential and resistance of the CT
      producing cells were 50.1 +/- 8.9 mV and 634 +/- 154 M omega (mean +/- SD, n =
      46). TTX sensitive action potentials with maximum rate of rise up to 51 V s-1
      were evoked by current injection in Na+-containing solution, whereas TTX
      insensitive action potentials with maximum rate of rise up to 9 V s-1 were
      generated in Na+-free solution. These action potentials were reversibly blocked
      by D-600. We conclude that the action potentials of the human MTC cells have both
      a Na+ and a Ca2+ component. Ejection of CA2+-free solution close to the cells
      caused membrane hyperpolarization associated with decreased membrane resistance.
      The reversal potential of this response was -66.2 +/- 10.9 mV (n = 10),
      indicating that a permeability increase to Cl- and/or K+ may be involved. We
      suggest that elevated plasma Ca2+ concentration in vivo may cause increased
      excitability due to membrane depolarization and resistance increase, thus leading
      to enhanced Ca2+ influx and hormone secretion.

PMID- 3705982
TI  - Is swimming exercise or cold exposure for rats?
AB  - Rats were trained by daily swimming sessions (up to 3 h per day) for at least 6
      weeks in water at 30, 36 and 38 degrees C. After this training, the adaptive
      changes obtained were compared with those typical of cold-acclimated (cold
      specific changes) and running-trained (training-specific changes) rats. The most
      typical training-specific change, an increased activity of oxidative muscle
      enzymes was negligible for swimming-trained rats, while the lowered activity of
      muscle lactate dehydrogenase was evident for all trained groups. Cold-specific
      changes, such as increased food intake, increased calorigenic response to
      injected noradrenaline, an increase both in mass and metabolic capacity of brown
      adipose tissue, and maintenance of the stores of ascorbic acid and muscle
      glycogen during cold exposure, were observed for rats trained at 36 and 30
      degrees C. The cold tolerance test in cold air did not make any distinct
      difference between the rats trained at different water temperatures, while in
      cool water the 30 degrees C -swimmers were clearly superior to other groups, that
      is, their cooling rate was slowest. Other adaptive changes were found, to a
      variable extent, for all trained groups. These included loss of body fat, cardiac
      hypertrophy, reduced urinary catecholamine excretion after test swimmings either
      in cold or warm water, increased tail-skin temperature response to isoprenaline,
      and a higher tail-skin temperature in response to cold. Generally, however, the
      adaptive changes observed for 30- and 36 degrees C-swimmers were similar, while
      the changes observed for 38 degrees C-swimmers were different. The latter group
      neither displayed any cardiac enlargement nor any cold-specific changes.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3705983
TI  - The effects of varying sodium diets on haemodynamics and fluid balance in the
      spontaneously hypertensive rat.
AB  - Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were given either 'low' (LNa; 0.5 mmol Na
      100 g-1 food), 'control' (CNa; 12 mmol) or 'very high' (vHNa; 120 mmol) sodium
      diets from 5 to 13-14 weeks of age, to explore how these 240-fold variations in
      Na intake affected body weight, cardiac, renal and adrenal weights, overall water
      electrolyte equilibrium and haemodynamic balance during rest, mental stress and
      blood loss. Body growth was retarded both in vHNa and LNa SHR presumably
      reflecting disturbed appetite due to the greatly altered dietary Na contents.
      Compared with CNa SHR, both cardiac and renal weights 100 g-1 body wt were
      slightly increased in vHNa and decreased in LNa SHR, with opposite changes of
      adrenal weights. Total body water, haematocrit and plasma Na-K levels were
      largely equal in the three groups. Furthermore, cardiac output (CO), stroke
      volume (SV) and central blood volume (CBV) did not differ significantly between
      groups; if anything, CO and SV were higher and CBV lower in vHNa and LNa SHR than
      in CNa SHR. However, while mean arterial pressure (MAP) was only marginally
      elevated in vHNa compared with CNa SHR, both MAP and total peripheral resistance
      (TPR) were lowered about 15% in LNa SHR with signs of increased sympathetic
      activity to the heart also during rest. Despite an apparently normal volume and
      cardiac output balance in LNa SHR, the latter changes suggest a disturbed neuro
      hormonal cardiovascular control.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3705984
TI  - Fetal cerebral, cardiovascular and metabolic reactions to intermittent occlusion
      of ovine maternal placental blood flow.
AB  - In 10 mature, acutely exteriorized fetal sheep cardiovascular, cerebral and
      metabolic reactions were followed during intermittent occlusions of maternal
      placenta blood flow. The response was analysed from blood pressure, heart rate,
      myocardial contractility, combined cardiac output, ST waveform analysis of the
      fetal ECG, and from the evoked EEG response. The metabolic response was judged
      from blood gases, pH, lactate and circulating catecholamines. Basal values were
      within the range seen in the 'chronic' fetal lamb preparation. During moderate
      asphyxia, achieved by 10 1 min occlusions separated by 2 min periods of free
      maternal aorta blood flow, cardiovascular performance was increased with a
      substantial catecholamine surge but minor effects on cerebral and metabolic
      functions. During the marked asphyxia, achieved by five 2 min occlusions, marked
      metabolic changes occurred together with abolition of cerebral function. Forty
      five minutes after asphyxia, 9/10 of the fetuses had regained cerebral, metabolic
      and cardiovascular functions.

PMID- 3705985
TI  - Effect of renal nerve activity on tubular sodium and water reabsorption in dog
      kidneys as determined by the lithium clearance method.
AB  - The reliability of the lithium clearance method in studies of the effect of renal
      nerve activity upon tubular sodium and water handling in the dog kidney was
      investigated. Following unilateral acute surgical denervation of the kidney a
      significant increase in urinary flow rate (40 +/- 7%), sodium clearance (26 +/-
      4%), lithium clearance (9 +/- 2%) and fractional lithium clearance (8 +/- 2%) was
      seen, as compared to the contralateral kidney with preserved innervation.
      Calculated absolute proximal reabsorption rate decreased significantly by 7 +/-
      2%, while calculated absolute rates of distal reabsorption of sodium and water
      increased significantly by 9 +/- 2% and 8 +/- 2%. Low-frequency electrical
      stimulation of the distal nerve bundle of the denervated kidney caused a
      significant decrease in urine flow rate (37 +/- 6%), sodium clearance (31 +/-
      4%), lithium clearance (17 +/- 5%) and in fractional lithium clearance (18 +/-
      5%). Calculated absolute proximal reabsorption rate increased significantly by 17
      +/- 3%, while calculated absolute rates of distal sodium and water reabsorption
      decreased significantly by 16 +/- 5% and 16 +/- 5%. These changes in tubular
      sodium and water reabsorption during alterations in renal nerve activity occurred
      without measurable changes in renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration
      rate (GFR). Administration of amiloride had no significant effect either on the
      lithium clearance, RBF or GFR, while the sodium excretion rate increased and
      potassium excretion rate decreased, supporting that significant distal lithium
      reabsorption did not occur under the present experimental conditions.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3705986
TI  - Further studies on oscillating tubulo-glomerular feedback responses in the rat
      kidney.
AB  - Free flow microperfusion (closed feedback loop) experiments in halothane-nitrous
      oxide-anaesthetized rats demonstrate two distinct oscillating TGF pressure
      responses to pertubations in early distal tubular flow. Flow rate changes of 2-8
      nl min-1 induced a 0.02-0.03 Hz rhythm, while changes above 25 nl min-1 often
      induced a 0.17-0.18 Hz rhythm in proximal tubular pressures. Following
      interruption of microperfusion, the intratubular pressure showed an initial
      undershoot and a gradual oscillating return to the control level. Each nephron
      responded individually to systemic changes with oscillations differing in
      frequency, phase and amplitude from that of its neighbour. Postglomerular
      vascular pressure (PSV) oscillated synchronous with the proximal luminal pressure
      (PProx) of the same nephron; the amplitude of the PSV might be larger than that
      of the corresponding PProx. The PSV decreased by 2-3 mmHg as Henle loop flow was
      increased by 7 nl min-1. Furosemide (0.1-0.2 mM) in the microperfusate abolished
      the oscillations, and caused PSV and PProx to increase by 3-4 mmHg. This effect
      was rapidly reversible.

PMID- 3705987
TI  - Immunoextracted calcitonin from human seminal plasma constitutes different forms.
AB  - Levels of immunoreactive calcitonin (iCT) in human seminal plasma were studied
      after extraction with immobilized antibodies. Immunoextraction of semen was
      necessary to abolish the high concentrations of proteolytic enzymes that can
      interfere in radioimmunoassay (RIA). Since proteolysis occurs already during
      semen liquefaction, iCT levels and chromatographic properties were compared in
      extracts from liquefied ejaculates, and samples were the proteolysis was
      suppressed by immediate dilution of the ejaculates with buffer. The levels in the
      two groups were 81 +/- 43 pg-equivalents ml-1 seminal plasma (mean +/- SD, n = 6)
      in liquefied samples and 120 +/- 42 pg-equivalents ml-1 (n = 7) in diluted
      samples, which is about ten times the iCT levels in extracted blood plasma from
      healthy males. Extracted liquefied seminal plasma from two vasectomized men
      contained 93 and 107 pg-equivalents of iCT ml-1 seminal plasma, respectively. Gel
      chromatography of undiluted semen samples disclosed that iCT was composed of
      forms larger than monomeric CT, the major part with an approximate molecular
      weight (MW) of 10,000. Two of the six subjects had a smaller amount of iCT
      eluting with a MW of about 40,000. In diluted samples, iCT seemed to be more
      heterogenous with approximate molecular weights ranging from 40,000 to fragments
      smaller than monomeric CT. In some ejaculates, monomeric CT seemed to be present.
      Undiluted samples from vasectomized men contained iCT with the same
      chromatographic pattern as in normal men.

PMID- 3705988
TI  - Antibodies in the CSF of a Parkinson patient recognizes neurons in rat
      mesencephalic regions.

PMID- 3705989
TI  - Hippocampal long-term potentiation is induced by pairing single afferent volleys
      with intracellularly injected depolarizing current pulses.

PMID- 3705990
TI  - Psychopathological pattern of depression in affective disorders. A cluster
      analysis.
AB  - The psychopathological pattern of depression was assessed by means of the
      Puzynski Inventory Scale for Depression (ISD) in 79 patients with bipolar
      affective disorders, 45 with unipolar and 42 with undifferentiated type of
      affective disorders. Four groups of patients showing different psychopathological
      patterns were distinguished. In Group 1 the pattern was most similar to that of
      simple depression, in Group 2 to delusional depression, in Group 3 to retarded
      depression, and in Group 4 to anxiety depression. In the first three groups there
      was a preponderance of patients with bipolar affective disorder, while in Group 4
      unipolar depression was diagnosed in more than half.

PMID- 3705991
TI  - Psychosocial stresses and psychiatric disorders in an outpatient population in
      Saudi Arabia.
AB  - A retrospective study of 270 psychiatric outpatients at King Faisal Specialist
      Hospital was conducted to determine psychosocial stresses that contribute to a
      patient's illness in an Arab culture. These stresses were identified subjectively
      by the patient as causes of his or her illness; they were then categorized as
      mental, family, work, economic, grief, physical illness, or other. The categories
      were correlated with other factors such as age, occupation, sex, and diagnosis.
      Of 270 patients, 142 (52.6%) reported that stressful life events contributed to
      their illness, a ratio comparable to that in other countries. However, the ratio
      of females to males reporting stresses was higher than that found in the West.
      Other findings included a relative absence of work-related or age-related stress
      and a greater association between anxiety or dysthymic disorders and stress than
      between psychotic disorders and stress. Although no confirmed reliable method
      exists to measure the impact of life events on psychiatric disorders, our
      findings lend credence to the theory that life events play a major role in
      neuroses, a formative role in mixed depressive illness, and a precipitating role
      in schizophrenic episodes.

PMID- 3705992
TI  - A comprehensive study of chronic schizophrenic patients. I. Quantitative computed
      tomography: cerebral density, ventricle and sulcal measures.
AB  - Based on recent computed tomography (CT) studies that have suggested the presence
      of distinct structural abnormalities in the brains of chronic schizophrenics, the
      authors evaluated 23 chronic schizophrenics and 23 controls by CT, using linear
      and area lateral ventricular measures, sulcal and Sylvian fissure widths and
      cerebral density measures. Technical problems inherent in CT studies and their
      impact on the use of data generated by such studies are discussed. Although there
      were few differences between groups, there emerged a distinct subgroup of
      schizophrenic patients with mild lateral ventricle enlargement associated with
      increased cortical density. The possible etiopathology for this atypical
      combination is discussed, including the striking parallels with a recent
      neuropathological study's findings.

PMID- 3705993
TI  - A comprehensive study of chronic schizophrenic patients. II: Biological,
      neuropsychological, and clinical correlates of CT abnormality.
AB  - There are numerous reports of lateral cerebral ventricle enlargement on computed
      tomography (CT) in schizophrenics, but the significance and its relationship to
      traditional notions of organicity remain unclear. Therefore we studied a subgroup
      of chronic schizophrenics who had lateral ventriculomegaly (and also cortical
      hyperdensity) on a battery of relevant biological, neuro-psychological, and
      clinical parameters such as electroencephalogram (EEG), platelet monoamine
      oxidase (MAO) and serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity, the Halstead
      Reitan Neuropsychological Battery (HRB), premorbid personality adjustment, drug
      response, positive and negative symptoms, employment history, and family history.
      Our findings support the notion that there is an "organic" subgroup of
      schizophrenia that has 1) CT structural abnormalities such as lateral ventricle
      enlargement and cortical hyperdensity; and cerebral dysfunction or deficits as
      evidenced by 2) an increased incidence of abnormal EEGs and also 3) greater
      impairment on neuropsychological tests. The biochemical measures, platelet MAO
      and serum DBH activity, nor any of the clinical measures could differentiate
      between the subgroups. The implications of these findings for the subtyping of
      schizophrenia are discussed.

PMID- 3705994
TI  - Schizophrenic relapse after drug withdrawal is predictable.
AB  - Thirty-two patients in remission were followed by regular ratings during a
      prospective neuroleptic withdrawal study. They were outpatients who fulfilled the
      DSM-III criteria of schizophrenia and who were motivated for drug withdrawal. The
      relapse rate was 81%. The results from the rating scales confirm the hypothesis
      that a symptom increase occurs before psychotic relapse. In the order statistical
      differences occurred, the factors predicting relapse were those concerned with
      positive psychopathology, motor dysfunction, impaired affects and sleep
      disturbances. The corresponding symptoms and signs were mainly concerned with
      thought disorders, paranoid ideation, overactivity, depression and insomnia
      middle, all of nonpsychotic degree of severity. If prodromes appear, the patient
      should resume his neuroleptic treatment, or other preventive measures should be
      taken. By such therapeutic interactions, psychotic relapse may be prevented, or
      can be dealt with in an outpatient setting.

PMID- 3705995
TI  - 3H-spiperone binding in platelet membranes: a possible biological marker for
      schizophrenia.
AB  - High-affinity-specific 3H-spiperone binding to platelet membranes was carried out
      in 30 schizophrenic patients, without prior antipsychotic medication, fulfilling
      the Research Diagnostic Criteria, and in 30 matched control subjects. The
      psychosis was rated on the Modified Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Compared with
      healthy subjects, schizophrenic patients had significantly higher 3H-spiperone
      binding due to a lower dissociation constant (38%), i.e. increased affinity. No
      significant difference was observed in the maximum number of binding sites (Bmax)
      between the two groups. It is our contention that 3H-spiperone binding to
      platelets may be a biological marker for schizophrenia.

PMID- 3705996
TI  - Patients with delusions in a community psychiatric service. A follow-up study.
AB  - Case records of 546 patients referred for the first time to a community
      psychiatric service were studied. Fifty-six patients revealed delusions of
      various types. The female/male ratio was 2:1, and the mean age 57 years. The
      majority of the paranoid patients belonged to the lowest socio-economic groups.
      Symptomatology, including type of delusion, treatment given and diagnostic
      classification is presented. The delusions occurred as part of all major
      psychotic syndromes with a preponderance of organic and affective psychoses.
      After 5-20 years of observation a full remission without relapse was seen in only
      5%. However, the predictive value of delusions has not been sufficiently
      established, and the need for prospective studies of course and prognosis of
      psychoses with delusions is stressed.

PMID- 3705997
TI  - Psychiatric determinants of weight changes in jaw-fixed obese patients.
AB  - Forty-five severely obese patients were treated with jaw fixation as a means of
      initiating weight loss. Patients who reported eating for consolation showed
      significantly greater difficulties in maintaining the achieved weight loss than
      the others. This finding constitutes further evidence of a relationship between
      obesity and depression. Low capacity to experience feelings of aggressiveness
      also seems to be linked to poor treatment results.

PMID- 3705998
TI  - Offspring of women with nonorganic psychosis: mother-infant interaction at one
      year of age.
AB  - Mother-infant interaction during feeding and in an unstructured play situation
      was studied in the home at 1 year of age in 46 index mother-infant pairs in which
      the mother had a history of nonorganic psychosis and in 80 demographically
      similar control pairs. As was true at the five previous observation ages, some
      aspects of the interaction were significantly more negative in index than control
      pairs. Index mothers showed increased tension and uncertainty regarding the
      infant's needs, increased physical contact during feeding and a discrepancy
      between the intonation and content of the mother's verbal contact with the
      infant. Index infants did not differ from controls in behavior in interaction.
      Across the entire first year, the Cycloid and Schizophrenic mothers deviated most
      frequently from controls, while the Affectives' interaction was more negative
      than controls' for the first time at the 1-year observation.

PMID- 3705999
TI  - Midwinter insomnia.

PMID- 3706000
TI  - The Skaraborg hypertension project. II. Feasibility of a medical care program for
      hypertension.
AB  - The feasibility of a nurse-based care program for hypertension has been
      evaluated. The program was established in one half of the County of Skaraborg,
      the other half being selected as control area. Record forms from the diagnostic
      work-up and annual check-ups of all 3240 patients registered during five years
      were reviewed. Compliance with diagnostic procedures and treatment was excellent.
      At the end of the five-year trial period, 7% of the population studied (40-69
      years old) were registered at special outpatient hypertension clinics. Random
      samples were drawn of patients treated at these clinics and patients taken care
      of in the control area. These patients were interviewed concerning their general
      opinion about the care, their opinion about nurses as the main deliverers of
      care, the continuity of care and needs for information. The comparisons favoured
      care at the hypertension clinics. It is concluded that the program was feasible
      and preferred to conventional care by the consumers.

PMID- 3706001
TI  - Role of surgery in infective endocarditis.
AB  - One-hundred-and-thirteen patients with endocarditis and valvular insufficiency
      were studied retrospectively with special regard to indications for operation and
      the optimum time for cardiac valve surgery. Thirty patients (group I) had acute,
      63 (group II) subacute and 20 (group III) prosthetic valve endocarditis. Group I:
      Eleven patients underwent surgery in the acute stage, 8 while bacteremic; 5 of
      the latter died perioperatively. Of the 19 patients treated medically, 16 died.
      Group II: All patients underwent operation in a bacteria-free state. The
      mortality was 5%. Group III: Eight patients had early (less than 60 days
      postoperatively) and 12 late endocarditis. Total mortality was 40% (71% early and
      25% late mortality). Ten patients underwent reoperation, with a mortality of 20%,
      compared with 60% in the medically treated group. The results support the
      indication for early operation in acute endocarditis with progressive cardiac
      failure and renal failure and prosthetic valve endocarditis, even during
      bacteremia.

PMID- 3706002
TI  - Analysis of arrhythmias based on atrial wall motion. Usefulness and feasibility
      of recording left and right atrial systole by echocardiography.
AB  - The usefulness and feasibility of recording atrial wall motion by M-mode
      echocardiography guided by two-dimensional examination was evaluated in three
      groups of consecutive patients: 7 with undefined tachyarrhythmias, 25 in sinus
      rhythm, and 20 with atrial flutter or fibrillation. Atrial systole was recorded
      in the left and right atrium in 58 and 98% of the patients, respectively (p less
      than 0.05). Six of the patients with undefined tachyarrhythmias exhibited
      electrocardiographic atrioventricular dissociation revealed by preceding
      echocardiography in all. The precise timing of left and right atrial systole
      could be recorded in patients in sinus rhythm; right atrial contraction preceded
      left atrial systole by 42 +/- 31 msec (mean +/- SD). Among patients with atrial
      flutter or fibrillation, one case of dissimilar atrial rhythms was revealed by
      echocardiography. Thus, recording of atrial wall motion is feasible in the
      majority of patients and provides information which is otherwise available only
      by esophagus ECG or by invasive means.

PMID- 3706003
TI  - Streptokinase therapy in the routine management of deep venous thrombosis in the
      lower extremities. A retrospective study of phlebographic results and therapeutic
      complications.
AB  - One hundred and eight patients with phlebographically verified deep venous
      thrombosis were treated with streptokinase. Total or partial thrombolysis was
      phlebographically demonstrated in 60 patients (55.6%). Three patients died during
      treatment, all from pulmonary embolism. Six patients developed clinical signs
      suggestive of pulmonary embolism. In 16 patients (14.8%), major bleeding
      complicated the treatment. One patient had anaphylactic shock, while various
      allergic reactions were recorded in 22. Streptokinase therapy in the routine
      management of deep venous thrombosis carries an acceptable efficacy and safety
      similar to what has been achieved under research conditions.

PMID- 3706004
TI  - Autonomic neuropathy and toe circulation. A prospective study.
AB  - Ankle and toe pressure ratios and toe temperature reactions to cold followed by
      indirect heating were evaluated in 23 diabetic patients with and without
      autonomic neuropathy (AN) in a first and in a second follow-up study after 5-7
      years. In the first study, despite normal blood pressure ratios, AN patients, all
      with parasympathetic neuropathy, showed a markedly delayed increase in toe
      temperature after cooling followed by indirect heating. In the second study, most
      AN patients showed sympathetic neuropathy and had higher toe temperatures before
      cooling than those without AN. Parasympathetic neuropathy leads to increased
      sensitivity to cold in toe vessels and sympathetic neuropathy to vasodilation and
      increased toe temperatures.

PMID- 3706005
TI  - Monocyte chemotactic properties in hereditary hemochromatosis.
AB  - Several observations indicate that the innate metabolic defect in hereditary
      hemochromatosis (HH) leads to a defective function of the monocyte-macrophage
      system. The present study was performed to investigate the possibility that a
      defect in migration of cells of the monocyte-macrophage system can explain the
      abnormal location of the submucosal macrophages in HH. Monocytes isolated from 14
      patients with HH were investigated with regard to chemotactic responsiveness
      (MCR). Two different methods were used at two different laboratories. Casein and
      zymosan-activated serum were used as attractants. No difference in MCR was found
      between the control group and the group of HH patients. The conclusion can
      therefore be drawn that the abnormal location of the macrophages of the gut wall
      in HH cannot be explained by an inborn abnormality of the function of receptors
      responsible for the chemotactic activity of the monocyte-macrophage system. It
      is, however, still possible that local factors responsible for the macrophage
      migration (gut hormones?) may have defective activity in HH patients.

PMID- 3706006
TI  - Muscle water and electrolytes in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory
      peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - Muscle water and electrolytes were determined in percutaneous muscle biopsy
      material from m. quadriceps femoris in 33 uremic patients undergoing continuous
      ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) for 1-38 months, and in 34 normal subjects.
      The patients showed increased muscle contents of water, sodium, and chloride
      relative to fat-free solids (FFS); both intra- and extracellular water contents
      were increased. The total water content was inversely correlated with the
      duration of CAPD. The muscle potassium content was increased, both relative to
      FFS and to magnesium, whereas the intracellular potassium concentration was
      normal. Despite hypermagnesemia, the muscle content of magnesium was normal and
      the intracellular concentration was even slightly decreased due to the increase
      in intracellular water. We conclude that muscle water and electrolyte status is
      abnormal in CAPD patients, but the alterations appear to be less marked than in
      uremic patients undergoing other forms of therapy.

PMID- 3706007
TI  - Wilson's disease in two siblings--one with fatal outcome.
AB  - The clinical and biochemical findings in two siblings with Wilson's disease are
      described. One of them, an 11-year-old girl, developed acute liver failure
      terminating in death within a few weeks. Prior to her terminal illness she had
      been in good health without symptoms suggestive of Wilson's disease. Copper
      contents of urine, liver, kidney and brain were 20-100 times above the upper
      normal limits. The liver showed extensive micronodular cirrhosis with nonbile
      pigment deposits. Her 15-year-old brother had abnormal liver function tests with
      urinary copper excretion 20 times above the upper normal limit. Treatment with
      penicillamine was started. Following a short period of deterioration his
      condition has steadily improved.

PMID- 3706008
TI  - Subarachnoid haemorrhage of unknown origin.
AB  - This study concerns 64 patients with angiographically negative subarachnoid
      haemorrhage (SAH) hospitalized in the period 1970-1982. Requisites for inclusion
      in the study were adequate angiographic demonstration of the carotid and
      vertebrobasilar systems and no clinical signs of spinal SAH or spontaneous
      intracerebral haematoma. The clinical data on the 64 cases confirm the close
      similarity, except for the prognostic factors, between angiographically negative
      SAH and SAH secondary to rupture of an intracranial saccular aneurysm. The study
      underlines the benign character of the clinical course and of the medium and long
      term prognosis of the condition under study. In view of this, the hypothesis
      advanced sometime ago relating angiographically negative SAH to the rupture of
      microaneurysms (phi less than 2 mm) of the large cerebral arteries with
      subsequent complete repair of the artery wall, or to the spontaneous thrombosis
      of intracranial saccular aneurysms, with the possibility of subsequent
      recanalization and risk of fresh rupture, would appear to be a reasonable one.

PMID- 3706009
TI  - Enhanced cisternal drainage and cerebral vasospasm in early aneurysm surgery.
AB  - Enhanced cisternal drainage was performed following early aneurysm surgery in
      patients with Hunt and Kosnik grades I-III, to effect continuous wash-out of
      subarachnoid blood clots and reduce symptomatic vasospasm. Following extensive
      evacuation of the cisternal blood clots, the Liliequist's membrane was opened
      extensively and a third ventriculostomy was effected by opening the lamina
      terminals. The drainage effect was considered as poor, moderate or fair,
      depending on the average amount of CSF drainage/day. SAH was graded into 0-III
      depending on the severity of cisternal haematoma in the pre-operative CT. No
      symptomatic vasospasm occurred in patients with SAH grade I. In SAH grade II +
      III patients symptomatic vasospasm occurred in 78, 60 and 42% of patients with a
      poor, moderate and fair drainage effect, respectively. Nine patients who
      developed symptomatic vasospasm were treated by hypertensive/hypervolemic therapy
      (HHT). The HHT was effective in 7 patients with fair and moderate CSF drainage
      and ineffective in 2 patients with poor a drainage effect. It seems, that
      enhanced post-operative cisternal drainage can reduce the incidence of
      symptomatic vasospasm and be of benefit to the outcome of early aneurysm surgery.

PMID- 3706011
TI  - Thoracic disc herniations: evolution in the approach and indications.
AB  - Between 1960 and 1 June 1985, 21 patients were operated for thoracic disc
      herniations. The advent of new operative techniques (with transverso
      arthropediculectomy) has brought about new indications in the management of such
      disorders. These new indications are important because such protrusions may be
      abruptly complicate by compression of blood vessels, which may produce abrupt and
      irreversible neurological deficit. The progress in the radiological examinations
      allows a more precise study of the topography and density of the hernia.
      Furthermore, the use of a surgical microscope and microsurgical techniques allow
      a surgical treatment without preoperative medullary angiography.

PMID- 3706010
TI  - Extradural haematoma of the posterior fossa: a report of eight cases and a review
      of the literature.
AB  - The authors review the literature and present 8 cases of extradural haematoma of
      the posterior fossa operated from 1979 to 1985 at the Neurosurgical Clinic of the
      University of Pavia. Emphasis is placed on the importance of an early diagnosis
      of the symptoms which are often ignored due to the absence of specific clinical
      signs. The authors recognize a substantial improvement in results because of the
      recent introduction of CT scanning facilities which permit an early and precise
      diagnosis of this traumatic pathology.

PMID- 3706012
TI  - Activity of peripheral sympathetic efferent nerves in experimental subarachnoid
      haemorrhage. Part II: Observations during the "early vasospasm" period.
AB  - The efferent activity of the vertebral, cardiac and renal sympathetic nerves was
      recorded during the so-called "early vasospasm" period, 25-30 minutes after
      experimentally induced subarachnoid haemorrhage. Experiments were performed on 51
      cats with methods described in Part I of our publication. The animals were held
      either in a sphynx-like position (Pos. I), or in head-down position (Pos. II),
      when the level of the cisterna magna was 2-3 cm below the level of the spinal
      cord, facilitating the injected blood to flow in to, and remain at the base of
      the brain. According to our results during the "early vasospasm" period, we could
      not observe such changes in the sympathetic efferent activity, which could be
      specific for this period. With the gradual decrease in the intracranial pressure,
      the sympathetic overactivity ceased, and in most cases the level of activity was
      similar to that of the preinjection period. Our results also indicate that
      because of the remarkable variability of the activity of the renal sympathetic
      nerve during the intracranial pressure elevation, recording the activity of one
      sympathetic nerve only may give misleading results concerning the activity of the
      whole sympathetic system.

PMID- 3706013
TI  - Effects of continuously expanding intracranial lesions on vital physiological
      parameters. An experimental animal study.
AB  - The work described in this report confirms and extends the results described in a
      preliminary communication (Lofgren, J. and Zwetnow, N.N., Acta Neurol. Scand.
      (1970, 625) which examined the effects in cats of an expanding mass, in the form
      of an intracranial supratentorial balloon, on vital physiological parameters. In
      the present study, particular emphasis was placed on the possible significance of
      the rate of expansion of the mass in the range usually encountered in the
      clinical situation of intracranial haemorrhages. Results from the experiments on
      37 cats and 8 dogs showed that changes in vital parameters appeared when the
      balloon had reached a volume of about 5% of the intracranial volume (the
      "reaction volume") while respiratory arrest occurred at an intracranial volume of
      about 10% (the "apnoea volume"). Both threshold volumes were independent of the
      rate of expansion within the range used. Alterations in EEG, heart rate,
      respiratory rate and systemic arterial pressure usually occurred simultaneously
      with the development of a transtentorial pressure gradient. When respiratory
      arrest occurred, the cerebral perfusion pressure was markedly reduced, usually to
      a value of about 30 mm Hg, suggesting that brain tissue ischaemia is an important
      component in the lethal mechanism underlying intracranial expanding lesions. It
      is proposed that the volume load tolerance of the organism towards an expanding
      intracranial lesion, as expressed by the reaction volume and the apnoea volume,
      may represent a biologically useful parameter potentially suitable for
      quantitative evaluation of adverse agents and therapeutic procedures.

PMID- 3706014
TI  - Responses of isolated canine and simian basilar arteries to thiopentone by a
      newly designed pharmacological method for measuring vascular responsiveness.
AB  - The stainless steel cannula inserting method was modified for application to
      observe vascular responses to thiopentone in the isolated basilar arteries of the
      dog and monkey. In the dog, thiopentone (0.01-3 mg) induced a monophasic
      vasoconstriction in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, in the monkey,
      thiopentone (0.01-3 mg) showed a biphasic vascular response, i.e., an initial
      vasoconstriction followed by a vasodilatation in a dose-dependent manner.
      Thiopentone usually produced much more potent vasoconstriction in the dog than
      that in the monkey, while potassium chloride made little difference of
      vasoconstriction between the dog and monkey basilar arteries. These findings
      suggest that thiopentone exerts a direct constrictive effect on cerebral vessels,
      the actions of which decrease the total cerebral blood volume and the brain bulk,
      allowing a reduction in intracranial pressure.

PMID- 3706015
TI  - Enlargement of a cerebral aneurysm associated with ruptured arteriovenous
      malformation.
AB  - Enlargement of a small aneurysm during an eleven year period was encountered in a
      32-year-old man who had experienced intracranial haemorrhage from a distally
      located AVM. Clipping of the feeding artery together with the aneurysmal neck was
      performed. It was very rare to observe the aneurysmal growth associated with the
      AVM. This case was considered worth reporting as supporting evidence that
      hemodynamic stress plays an important role in the development of an aneurysm.

PMID- 3706016
TI  - Basic mechanisms of the epilepsies. Molecular and cellular approaches.

PMID- 3706017
TI  - Roles of biogenic amines and cyclic nucleotides in seizure mechanisms.

PMID- 3706018
TI  - Cerebral methylations in epileptogenesis.
AB  - This chapter deals with the neurochemical consequences of the administration of
      the chemical convulsant agent L-methionine-dl-sulfoximine (MSO) on the brain of
      rodents. The principal notion is that this convulsant agent differs qualitatively
      from most quick-acting and predominantly lethal convulsant agents, commonly used
      in laboratory studies in epilepsy modeling because it has a preconvulsant latency
      period of several hours and also because it need not be fatal to the animals
      receiving it if they are properly managed during the preconvulsant period and
      following the first seizure attack. The historical profile of MSO as a useful and
      unique laboratory tool for neurochemical and molecular studies is briefly
      recounted, and the point is made that MSO is a close derivative of the amino acid
      L-methionine, which is used by each and every brain cell as a protein building
      block and as a precursor of the universal cellular methyl donor molecule, S
      adenosyl-L-methionine. The importance of methylations, a set of reactions which
      consist in the transfer of the methyl group of S-adenosyl-L-methionine to several
      dozens of endogenous methyl acceptor molecules, small and large, is stressed and
      reviewed both historically and as this process relates to MSO epileptogenesis.
      The multiple effects of MSO on the methylation of small MW compounds, histamine
      being the working example, are reviewed. The involvement of phospholipid, nucleic
      acid, and protein methylations, all apparent targets of MSO action, in that they
      respond to the MSO challenge by a significant rate increase is elucidated.
      Finally, the effects of MSO at the functional level of brain receptor action are
      presented.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3706019
TI  - Spread and arrest of seizures: the importance of layer 4 in laminar interactions
      during neocortical epileptogenesis.
AB  - Much of the past investigation of epileptogenesis has centered on characterizing
      the paroxysmal depolarization shift (PDS) and postulating its origin. Spatial as
      well as functional analyses of cortical epileptic foci have been few in number,
      and in nearly all of them fully evolved drug foci, which were used for their
      stability, probably obscured differences in the responsivity among constituent
      neuronal populations at earlier stages of epileptic evolution. Proportionately
      little attention has been directed at determining where penicillin acts within
      the cortex. For the past 12 years, we have addressed both issues. Specific
      questions have included, for both individual neurons and neuronal aggregates:
      what are the initial abnormalities of responsiveness in an acute epileptic focus;
      how do these abnormalities evolve as the focus develops; is there a differential
      susceptibility of various neocortical layers to epileptogenesis; how do the
      various cortical laminar populations interact during epileptogenesis; how do the
      resultant response abnormalities propagate within and between cortical columns;
      and what are the effects of anticonvulsants on the various spatial and temporal
      features of epileptogenesis? In pursuit of this information, we have recorded the
      evolution of discrete and temporary epileptic foci in cat striate cortex, which
      were induced by the microinjection or iontophoresis of penicillin into the
      different cortical layers. Simultaneous, multilaminar responses of individual
      neurons and of neuronal aggregates to selective visual stimulation have been
      characterized before, during, and after focus development using multibarrel
      micropipettes. Correlations between drug diffusion and these multilaminar
      recordings were made periodically by using 14C-labeled penicillin. Stages: Using
      these techniques, new characteristics of focal epilepsy come to light that are
      not apparent in the spontaneous spiking of the typical established penicillin
      focus. Three successive stages of penicillin-induced epileptogenic abnormality
      were noted in the responses of isolated neurons: (a) an initial graded
      enhancement of the primary latency response to field-specific stimuli into a
      burst discharge (the EPR burst); (b) the subsequent graded development of a
      longer latency burst in response to field-specific and nonspecific stimuli (the
      LR burst); and (c) the evolution of a single stereotyped burst discharge (IIS) as
      the latency separating EPR and LR bursts declined (PDS or LR discharge). Each
      type of neuronal burst was accompanied by a local field potential of similar
      latency, but of progressively increasing amplitude, with each successive stage of
      epileptogenesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3706020
TI  - Temporal and spatial distribution of intracellular potentials during generation
      and spread of epileptogenic discharges.
AB  - This chapter addresses the characteristics and spatial distribution of
      intracellular potentials, the spread of paroxysmal depolarization shifts (PDSs)
      through the cortex, the extracellular field potentials in three dimensions, and
      the concentrations of penicillin in direct contact with elements in the
      epileptogenic focus. Data are presented that show that there are several types or
      gradations of PDS intensities within each focus; PDS types are distributed in
      groups related to their distance from the center of the focus and to the
      concentration of the epileptogenic drug; the morphology and repetition rate of
      electroencephalogram (EEG) spikes are related to features of the intracellular
      potentials; a mathematical model can estimate the distribution of concentrations
      of penicillin within the focus over long periods; no barriers impede diffusion of
      penicillin either at the cortical surface or at the boundary between gray and
      white matter; the potential field of the EEG spike is defined in three
      dimensions; and PDSs spread through the focus at the rate of 0.25 m/sec.

PMID- 3706021
TI  - Cellular basis of neuronal synchrony in epilepsy.
AB  - Synchronized discharge of populations of cortical neurons are often observed to
      underly both the interictal spikes and tonic seizures generated in experimental
      epilepsy studies. Recently it has been shown that similar synchronized discharges
      occur in cortical brain slices treated with convulsants such as penicillin,
      picrotoxin, or bicuculline. The favorable experimental conditions offered by the
      in vitro preparation have facilitated a detailed examination on the cellular
      basis for the generation of the epileptic neuronal synchrony. In this chapter we
      shall review some experimental observations on the neuronal synchronization and
      describe a mechanism for its generation based on the computer simulation
      approach. Three factors are considered to be essential for epileptic
      synchronization observation in vitro. First, cortical neurons may intrinsically
      generate bursts of action potentials. Second, recurrent excitatory connections
      exist that are sufficiently powerful that bursting activity may spread between
      synaptically connected neurons. Third, inhibition within the local neuronal
      circuit must be adequately attenuated to allow excitation to spread through the
      recurrent excitatory connections. Computer simulation studies have been based on
      these assumptions, using neuronal networks where each cell is connected to more
      than one postsynaptic neuron. Bursting initiated in one cell excites all its
      follower cells, and the sequential recruitment of an increasing number of cells
      eventually leads to a simultaneous discharge of the population. A number of
      recent experimental observations lend credence to the proposed scheme for
      neuronal synchrony. Simultaneous paired intracellular recordings provided direct
      evidence that a burst of action potentials in a presynaptic cell can activate
      action potentials postsynaptically. Furthermore, it is shown that the rhythm of
      spontaneous discharge in a neuronal population can be influenced by the activity
      of one neuron within the population.

PMID- 3706022
TI  - Role of electrical interactions in synchronization of epileptiform bursts.
AB  - Four general mechanisms can hypothetically contribute to or mediate localized
      synchronization of neuronal activity: (a) recurrent excitatory chemical synapses,
      (b) electrotonic coupling via gap junctions, (c) electrical field effects
      (ephaptic interactions), and (d) changes in the concentration of extracellular
      ions (e.g., K+). It has generally been believed that synchronization of
      epileptiform bursts derives primarily, if not exclusively, from recurrent
      excitatory chemical synapses. Dual intracellular recordings from the CA3 area of
      the hippocampus have been used to demonstrate the existence of recurrent synaptic
      excitation, and computer simulations have provided a theoretical framework for
      the idea that relatively sparse interactions through recurrent excitatory
      chemical synapses can generate synchronized bursting after inhibitory pathways
      are blocked with convulsant agents. Additional experimental studies have
      supported the hypothesis that a model for seizure discharge, the penicillin
      induced paroxysmal depolarization shift (PDS), is associated with a large
      increase in excitatory synaptic conductance. However, recent studies have
      suggested that electrical interactions are also likely to play an important role
      in spike synchronization during epileptic discharges. Several research groups
      have used in vitro preparations to show that afterdischarges and spontaneous
      bursts of population spikes (which represent synchronized action potentials) can
      occur after chemical synaptic transmission has been blocked in solutions
      containing low [Ca2+]. Although this result was first observed in the CA1 area,
      it has recently been confirmed in other regions of the hippocampus. These
      experiments indicate that mechanisms other than chemical synaptic transmission
      are capable of synchronizing action potentials in the hippocampus. In this
      chapter, two forms of electrical interaction that could mediate synchronization
      will be considered: (a) electrotonic coupling through gap junctions and (b)
      electrical field effects through extracellular space. Changes in the
      concentration of extracellular ions are another mechanism not involving chemical
      synapses. However, it seems unlikely that ionic changes act on the rapid time
      scale of electrical interactions, and their contribution is discussed elsewhere
      in this volume. We review evidence for the existence of electrotonic coupling and
      electrical field effects in the hippocampus and neocortex, and discuss their
      possible involvement in the synchronization of epileptiform events.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3706023
TI  - Role of glial cation and anion transport mechanisms in etiology and arrest of
      seizures.
AB  - The intrinsic processes involved in the initiation and arrest of seizures are not
      completely understood. Cortical and cerebellar inhibitory mechanisms,
      accumulation of metabolic products, and glial uptake of extracellular potassium
      (K+o), anions, and released neurotransmitters are all important processes that
      limit focal firing and terminate a seizure once it has been initiated. Of these,
      the intrinsic cortical inhibitory mechanisms--i.e., recurrent and surround
      inhibition--appear to be the most important. Active cation and anion transport
      processes are two metabolic events that have yet to be elucidated but clearly
      could be involved in terminating a seizure discharge. For example, without an
      active mechanism to transport chloride, opening of the chloride channel by the
      inhibitory transmitter GABA would not result in increased chloride permeability.
      The transient hypoxia and hypercapnia and lactic acidosis that follows a severe
      tonic-clonic seizure produces a mixed systemic metabolic and respiratory
      acidosis. In experimental animals, the hypercapnia that results is sufficient to
      block seizure discharges. Increasing the CO2 concentration significantly reduces
      the extension to flexion (E/F) ratio of mice given maximal electroshock seizures
      (MES) and increases the time required for 50% of the animals to recover
      sufficiently from a first MES to be able to have another MES. The decreased E/F
      ratio and the increased recovery time (RT50) are both indicative of a decrease in
      seizure activity. Since the extent to which CO2 is allowed to accumulate in the
      brain is regulated by the glial specific enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA), it
      follows that the glial cell has an integral role in the mechanisms involved in
      arresting seizure activity. In contrast, hypoxia increased the E/F ratio and
      decreased the RT50, evidence that seizure activity was enhanced. Another
      metabolic factor affecting duration of seizure activity, susceptibility to
      seizures, and recovery from seizures is glucose. Recovery from seizures depends
      in part on an adequate supply of this energy source. An inverse correlation (R =
      0.95) between RT50 and blood sugar was found when the blood sugar was altered
      experimentally by treatments that altered the endocrine status (pancreatectomy,
      treatment with alloxan, cortisol, insulin, glucagon, and dextrose). Since glial
      cells contain (as glycogen) the small amount of glucose present in the brain,
      they probably hasten the ability of the brain to recover normal function
      following a seizure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3706024
TI  - Freeze-fracture studies of plasma membranes of astrocytes in freezing lesions.
AB  - Epileptic foci are frequently associated with a proliferation and hypertrophy of
      fibrous astrocytes. Such proliferating astrocytes, which are involved in scar
      formation and are referred to as reactive, have been characterized by a number of
      morphological changes involving the cytoplasmic organelles and nucleus. With the
      development of freeze-fracture techniques, which allow for the splitting and
      analysis of the macromolecular structure of biological membranes, another
      morphological characteristic could be used to define reactive astrocytes. This
      characteristic is the alteration in the normal number and distribution of
      intramembranous particles. Specifically, there is an increase in the number of
      orthogonal arrays of intramembranous particles, called assemblies, in the plasma
      membrane of reactive astrocytes. Besides the presence of assemblies in the plasma
      membranes of astrocytes, similar particle arrays are also found in the central
      nervous system (CNS), in cell membranes of ependymal cells, in Muller cells near
      the inner limiting membrane of the retina, and in satellite cells in spinal
      ganglia. Assemblies are concentrated in the plasma membranes of astrocytic
      processes that form the glia limitans at the outer surface of the brain and the
      perivascular sheath around parenchymal blood vessels in the adult mammalian CNS.
      Plasma membranes of perineuronal astrocytic processes and astrocytic cell bodies
      have few, if any, assemblies. The factor responsible for this polarity of
      assemblies in the normal CNS is unknown. However, this polarity is lost when
      astrocytes respond to various types of injuries to the CNS. It has been
      postulated that gliosis, resulting in an epileptic scar, may be a response of
      cortical astrocytes to changes in the local cellular environment and that this
      reactivity of astrocytes may be related to plasma membrane changes. However,
      little is known about the initiation of the astrocytic response or the
      involvement of the astrocytic plasma membrane. Because of the presence of
      assemblies, astrocytic plasma membranes are an ideal subject for a morphological
      investigation of alterations of the cell membrane. Assemblies have a distinctive
      structure and changes in their number and distribution can be readily identified.
      Also, since there is polarity of the assemblies in astrocytic plasma membranes,
      such that their number is greatest in subpial and perivascular areas and least in
      the perineuronal regions, it is easy to identify when assemblies are added or
      lost from the astrocytic plasma membranes of a particular brain region.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3706025
TI  - Structural substrates of epilepsy.
AB  - Although interest in possible structural substrates of epilepsy has been high
      since anatomical abnormalities in autopsy material were first noted, a clear
      pathognomic picture has yet to emerge for subtypes other than temporal lobe
      epilepsy. While identification of anatomical features unique to the diseased
      brain does not ensure that a cure will be found (viz. Alzheimer's disease), such
      knowledge can certainly guide researchers who must search out both the necessary
      and sufficient etiologic agent. Such investigation is hampered by the difficulty
      of separating cause from effect in clinical material, where the patient may have
      a history of drug use or of poorly controlled seizures. For instance, the cell
      density depletion noted in temporal-lobe epileptics could follow from, or be a
      cause of, seizures. An experimental approach to isolating the structural
      substrates of epilepsy requires establishing several "levels" of epilepsy of
      varying duration, and observing the evolution of anatomical change. Such
      manipulation is, of course, possible only when an animal model is used, and it is
      for this reason, among others, that researchers have developed several of these.
      In general, there are two types of animal model: one where an exogenous agent
      (for example, a neurotoxin) or treatment (kindling) is applied, and another that
      relies on a strain of animal bred to exhibit seizures. Anatomical findings in
      this latter case have been reported infrequently, although the approach, which is
      not confounded by central nervous system (CNS) damage, seems promising as a model
      for certain types of epilepsy. Rodents have been among the best-researched
      genetic preparations, and several such reports appear in this volume. We have
      investigated one such strain, the Mongolian gerbil, which has been bred in UCLA's
      animal colony to exhibit seizures (the SS strain). Another strain (SR) has been
      bred to be seizure-free. Our initial study compared adult SS and SR animals with
      respect to two morphometric parameters in hippocampal region CA3. We found that
      the SS adult gerbil had fewer dendritic spines than its nonseizuring counterpart.
      Dendritic spines are considered the locus of excitatory synapses, and their
      density has been correlated with a variety of functional states in other
      paradigms. Our next set of questions concerned the development of these strain
      differences, and we accordingly set up four different age groups, bracketing the
      age at which seizures first appear in the gerbil. Again, spine-density
      differences appeared between SS and SR animals, but in the opposite direction
      from the adult case.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3706026
TI  - Cell damage in epilepsy and the role of calcium in cytotoxicity.
AB  - Status epilepticus may be followed by the loss of selectively vulnerable neurons
      in the hippocampus and neocortex. The acute cytopathology preceding cell loss is
      that of "ischemic cell change" or "dark cell change." In the hippocampus,
      selectively vulnerable neurons (CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons, hilar polymorphic
      neurons) show swelling of mitochondria in the perikaryon and dendrites after 30
      to 120 min of seizure activity. Electron-microscopic studies with the combined
      oxalate/pyroantimonate technique reveal dense calcium pyroantimonate deposits in
      the swollen mitochondria. Suppression of seizure activity for 30 to 60 min is
      sufficient to allow recovery of normal mitochondrial morphology and calcium load.
      A small proportion of vulnerable neurons develop ischemic cell change with
      multiple vacuoles containing calcium pyroantimonate deposits. Neurons prone to
      burst firing accumulate calcium during seizures, and eventually show massive
      "overloading" of mitochondria. Although by analogy with studies in muscle a
      cytotoxic role for raised cytosolic calcium concentration has been proposed, the
      link between increased [CA2+] activation of phospholipases and proteinases and
      ischemic cell change remains uncertain.

PMID- 3706027
TI  - Excitotoxic mechanisms of epileptic brain damage.
AB  - It is well established that the putative excitatory neurotransmitters, glutamate
      (Glu) and aspartate (Asp), are neurotoxins that have the potential of destroying
      central neurons by an excitatory mechanism. Kainic acid (KA), a rigid structural
      analog of Glu, powerfully reproduces the excitatory neurotoxic (excitotoxic)
      action of Glu on central neurons and, in addition, causes sustained limbic
      seizures and a pattern of seizure-linked brain damage in rats that closely
      resembles that observed in human epilepsy. In the course of studying the seizure
      related brain damage syndrome induced by KA, we observed that a similar type of
      brain damage occurs as a consequence of sustained seizure activity induced by any
      of a variety of methods. These included intraamygdaloid or supradural
      administration of known convulsants such as bicuculline, picrotoxin and folic
      acid, or systemic administration of lithium and cholinergic agonists or
      cholinesterase inhibitors that have not commonly been viewed as convulsants. We
      have further observed that this type of brain damage can be reproduced in the
      hippocampus by persistent electrical stimulation of the perforant path, a major
      excitatory input to the hippocampus that is thought to use Glu as transmitter. It
      is a common feature of all such neurotoxic processes that the acute cytopathology
      resembles the excitotoxic type of damage induced by Glu or Asp, which is acute
      swelling of dendrites and vacuolar degeneration of neuronal soma, without acute
      changes in axons or axon terminals. We have found that the seizure-brain damage
      syndrome induced by cholinergic agents can be prevented by pretreatment with
      atropine and that the syndrome induced by any of the above methods, cholinergic
      or noncholinergic, can be either prevented or aborted respectively by either pre
      or posttreatment with diazepam. Our findings in experimental animals may be
      summarized in terms of their potential relevance to human epilepsy as follows.
      Sustained complex partial seizure activity consistently results in cellular
      damage if allowed to continue for longer than 1 hr. Hippocampal, or Ammon's horn,
      sclerosis is the primary pathological result. It may be a priority goal,
      therefore, in the management of human epilepsy to control such seizure activity
      within very narrow limits. This proposal is discussed in terms of three major
      transmitter systems that may be involved; cholinergic, GABAergic, and
      glutamergic/aspartergic. The cholinergic system may play a role in generating or
      maintaining this type of seizure activity, and anticholinergics may protect
      against it provided they are given prior to commencement of behavioral
      seizures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3706029
TI  - Hippocampal slices in experimental and human epilepsy.
AB  - Many models of epileptiform activity have been developed using in vitro slices,
      particularly the in vitro hippocampal slice preparation. Using this preparation,
      investigators have elucidated some of the intrinsic neuronal and synaptic
      properties that appear to be involved in the generation of burst activity and
      hyperexcitability typical of epileptic brain. A variety of potassium and calcium
      conductances, in dendritic as well as somatic membrane, have been found in
      hippocampal neurons that produce burst discharges; appropriate channel blockers
      can modulate the firing patterns of these neurons. Receptor antagonists,
      particularly those which interact with the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
      receptor-chloride channel complex, have also been found to be very effective in
      producing epileptiform activity in the reduced central nervous system (CNS) slice
      preparation. In most acutely produced epileptogenic slice tissues, it appears
      that blockade of inhibition, intrinsic mechanisms of excitability, and recurrent
      excitatory synaptic connections interact to synchronize the cell population.
      Slice preparations of brain tissue taken from epileptic foci induced in chronic
      animals have been studied. The kainic acid model, kindling model, and other
      chronic models of epileptiform activity (alumina gel, freeze lesions) have been
      studied in vitro; results of these studies suggest that in these tissues there is
      an alteration in PSP efficacy. Seizure sensitivity in immature CNS tissue may
      also be produced, in part, by a late development of inhibitory postsynaptic
      potentials (IPSPs). Studies of cortical slices taken from human epileptic brain
      during surgery for intractable seizures have begun to reveal some interesting
      clues about cellular mechanisms underlying discharge in abnormal tissue.
      Spontaneous, rhythmic post-synaptic potential (PSP) activity has been recorded
      particularly in slices taken from mesial temporal lobe structures involved in
      epileptic foci. It is still unclear, however, whether such activity is a
      reflection of epileptogenicity of this tissue, or is rather characteristic of
      even normal tissue from mesial temporal cortex. We have learned much about the
      cellular and synaptic properties of CNS neurons using the in vitro slice
      preparation and have developed a variety of animal preparations in which we can
      model epileptiform activity. However, it is still unclear if any of these
      preparations accurately model human epileptiform abnormalities. A major challenge
      for modern epilepsy research is to build a bridge between experimental animal
      models of epilepsy and the epilepsies that occur in the clinical human
      population.

PMID- 3706028
TI  - Neuronal, dendritic, and vascular profiles of human temporal lobe epilepsy
      correlated with cellular physiology in vivo.
AB  - Partial complex seizures are known to arise from abnormal firing of neurons in
      cortex that has histologic abnormalities associated with tumors, infarcts, or
      neuron loss. The latter pathology of sclerosis is most frequently found in the
      hippocampus, and partial seizures from this region are focalized by direct
      electrical recordings and treated by anterior temporal lobectomy. Although we can
      link this hippocampal sclerosis to nearby hyperexcitability, the synaptic
      mechanisms involved in hippocampal seizure genesis are not yet known. We have
      used in vivo microelectrode recordings from hippocampal neurons and found rare
      instances of anomalous bursting patterns as well as coupled firing.
      Postinhibitory "rebound excitation" has also been recorded, supporting the
      concept that synchronized hippocampal outputs are important for seizure genesis.
      Immunocytochemistry of GAD-positive inhibitory interneurons indicates no
      significant loss in inhibition in the sclerotic hippocampus and a normal number
      of inhibitory interneurons in its output target, the presubiculum. The
      presubiculum, with its multi-layered cortex, may amplify and propagate seizures
      to other cortices. Golgi and electron microscopy of epileptic neurons have shown
      pre- and postsynaptic alterations that may contribute to seizure genesis.
      Finally, ultrastructural analysis of capillaries in sclerotic hippocampus
      indicates deficient plasma-tissue transport that may contribute to cell loss or
      may alter neuronal excitability.

PMID- 3706030
TI  - Pre-operative emotional states and post-operative recovery.

PMID- 3706031
TI  - Psychological aspects of surgery.

PMID- 3706032
TI  - Psychiatric sequelae following surgical treatment of breast cancer.
AB  - Breast cancer has been the most carefully studied site of tumor from a
      psychological point of view. A range of interventions have been developed to
      assist the woman and her family in the emotional adjustment to breast cancer and
      its treatment. Many of these have been developed 'by women for women' and by
      their insistence that the medical community give more attention to this aspect of
      medical care. Rehabilitation now centers far more on breast reconstruction then
      previously. The psychologic understanding of problems posed by breast cancer has
      been used to develop rational and appropriate psychosocial interventions to
      reduce emotional distress. This model for development of support in breast cancer
      should be applied to psychologic management of patients with cancers of other
      sites, particularly those that carry high emotional distress and that place
      extensive demand on an individual's adaptive capacities.

PMID- 3706033
TI  - Surgical treatment of obesity.

PMID- 3706035
TI  - Sequelae of limb amputation.

PMID- 3706034
TI  - Hysterectomy and tubal ligation.

PMID- 3706036
TI  - Penile prostheses: a psychiatric perspective.

PMID- 3706038
TI  - Surgery in infants, children, and adolescents.

PMID- 3706037
TI  - Post-operative delirium.

PMID- 3706039
TI  - Psychological effects of aesthetic facial surgery.

PMID- 3706040
TI  - [Evaluation of the health status of newborn infants, infants and children from
      the viewpoint of pre- and perinatal risk factors].

PMID- 3706041
TI  - [Development of the size of the carpal bones exemplified by the os capitatum and
      os hamatum in underweight newborn infants (below 2,000 g). A roentgenometric
      study of 424 children, ages 1 to 12 years, with existing comparative values of a
      normal population (planimetric method)].

PMID- 3706042
TI  - [Comparison of methods for the detection and evaluation of the health status of
      1st-grade school children in the Soviet Union and East Germany].

PMID- 3706043
TI  - [Conspicuous changes in the developmental course of Goerlitz children and
      adolescents].

PMID- 3706044
TI  - [Prenatal care in adolescents].

PMID- 3706045
TI  - [Accidents and health of children and adolescents].

PMID- 3706046
TI  - [A supplement to the problem of fitness criteria for educational courses].

PMID- 3706047
TI  - Highly histamine-responsive clones from the human gastric adenocarcinoma cell
      line HGT-1.
AB  - The human gastric epithelial cell line HGT-1 possesses adenylate cyclase-coupled
      histamine H2 receptors. To test the cellular homogeneity or heterogeneity with
      respect to these receptors, we have isolated 7 clones from the HGT-1 line and
      studied their basal and histamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase activities. Basal
      adenylate cyclase activities of the clones did not differ significantly, nor did
      10 mM NaF- nor 0.1 mM Gpp(NH)p-stimulated activities. However, histamine
      stimulation of adenylate cyclase varied among clones from 1.9 fold to 5.4 fold
      basal activity. The EC50 values, determined in 3 clones, were not significantly
      different. These findings support the heterogeneity of histamine responsiveness
      of the human gastric cell line HGT-1. In addition, they suggest that highly
      histamine-responsive clones may be useful models to study the gastric histamine
      H2-receptor and its specific antagonists in the human.

PMID- 3706048
TI  - De novo generation of histamine in sputum and the effect of antibiotics.
AB  - We have performed experiments to test the hypothesis that bacteria may contribute
      to the presence of histamine in sputum. Sputum samples obtained from 7 patients
      with exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and 7 patients with cystic fibrosis were
      incubated at 37 degrees C for 72 hours. Serial sputum histamine estimations,
      performed by a recently-developed HPLC technique, showed large, progressive
      increases in both groups of samples. Both the pre-heating of samples at 100
      degrees C prior to incubation and the addition of antibiotics to the incubates
      substantially reduced these increases. These findings strongly suggest that
      bacteria may contribute to sputum histamine in infective lung disease.

PMID- 3706049
TI  - Histamine content and mast cell numbers in tissues of normal and athymic rats.
AB  - Tissue histamine levels and mast cell numbers were determined in the skin, tongue
      and jejunum of female rnu/nu and rnu/+ rats aged between 5 and 29 weeks. The
      tongue and jejunal mucosa of rnu/nu rats had a larger mast cell density and
      histamine content than rnu/+. There was a marked increase in subepithelial mast
      cells in the skin of rnu/nu rats compared with their normal littermates, while
      mast cell numbers in the deep skin layer and the histamine content were similar
      in the two groups of rat. Subepithelial skin mast cells were smaller, of more
      variable shape and contained fewer granules than mast cells in the deep dermal
      layer, and, unlike the latter, did not emit a yellow fluorescence after treatment
      with o-phthalaldehyde. The results indicate that the bulk of the skin histamine
      is contained in mast cells residing in deep skin layers. They also support the
      view that the thymus may have a suppressive effect on both mucosal and connective
      tissue mast cells in vivo.

PMID- 3706050
TI  - Effects of ranitidine and cimetidine on experimentally induced ventricular
      arrhythmias in anaesthetized rats.
AB  - The effects of two histamine H2-receptor antagonists, ranitidine and cimetidine,
      on ventricular arrhythmias induced by acute coronary artery ligation and by
      aconitine infusion were studied in pentobarbitone-anaesthetized rats. The changes
      in arterial blood pressure and heart rate were also observed. It was found that
      both drugs significantly reduced the incidence, and prolonged the time of onset,
      of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation following acute coronary
      artery ligation; however, they did not significantly alter the incidence or time
      of onset of ventricular dysrhythmias caused by aconitine infusion. These findings
      further support the hypothesis that histamine release may contribute to the
      genesis of early ventricular arrhythmias resulting from acute myocardial
      ischaemia. Since the decreased blood pressure induced by coronary artery ligation
      was not significantly prevented by pretreatment with either histamine H2-receptor
      blocker, this suggests that histamine may not be responsible for the blood
      pressure changes during acute myocardial ischaemia.

PMID- 3706051
TI  - Formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine causes bronchoconstriction in rabbits.
AB  - Formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) is a synthetic acylated oligopeptide
      related to chemotactic peptides released by bacteria. In order to determine
      whether FMLP causes bronchoconstriction in vivo, we studied the effects of
      nebulized FMLP on lung resistance (RL) in the rabbit. In fourteen rabbits
      baseline RL was measured and than dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) alone and 0.3, 1, 3
      and 10 mg/ml FMLP in DMSO was nebulized and inhaled by the rabbits over periods
      of 2 min each. After each concentration the RL was re-measured and the results
      expressed as a % of the RL following DMSO alone. In 6 rabbits the response to
      serial nebulization of DMSO alone was 5.5 +/- 10.4% (mean +/- 2 SD). In 8 rabbits
      receiving FMLP there was a dose dependent increase in RL of 20% or greater
      whereas 6 rabbits failed to respond. Since there are known receptors for FMLP on
      neutrophils, 10 further rabbits were rendered neutropenic using nitrogen mustard
      and then studied as above. Eight of these rabbits failed to respond significantly
      to FMLP whereas 2 had a 20% or greater increase in RL. In each bronchial specimen
      from 6 additional rabbits FMLP failed to induce airway contraction in vitro. We
      conclude that FMLP causes a variable degree of bronchoconstriction in rabbits,
      that this response may, in part, be mediated via the neutrophil and is unlikely
      to be due to direct smooth muscle contraction.

PMID- 3706052
TI  - Vascular permeability changes by proteinase inhibitors in carrageenin-induced
      inflammation in rats.
AB  - The effect of proteinase inhibitors such as TLCK, TPCK and leupeptin on vascular
      permeability was investigated in the carrageenin-air-pouch inflammation in rats.
      When each inhibitor was injected into the air-pouch immediately after carrageenin
      injection, TLCK, TPCK and leupeptin caused a rapid and significant increase in
      vascular permeability. The TLCK- and TPCK-induced increase declined gradually,
      whereas leupeptin inhibited the vascular permeability after the temporary
      increase. When the inhibitors were injected 5 h after carrageenin injection, TLCK
      and TPCK increased the vascular permeability, whereas leupeptin was without
      effect. Cyproheptadine, an anti-histamine and antiserotonin drug, inhibited the
      leupeptin-induced temporary increase, but failed to inhibit the TLCK- and TPCK
      induced increase in vascular permeability. These results suggest that the
      leupeptin-induced increase in vascular permeability was mediated by histamine and
      serotonin, while TLCK and TPCK may increase vascular permeability as a result of
      a direct action on endothelial cells.

PMID- 3706053
TI  - Exaggerated hypotension by N-formylmethionylleucyl-phenylalanine in indomethacin
      pretreated rats. Role of toxic oxygen.
AB  - In pentobarbital anaesthetized rats the intravenous administration of the
      oligopeptide N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP) is shown to produce a short-lasting
      hypotension. When the animals have been pretreated with indomethacin, FMLP
      induces a marked and sustained blood pressure fall. This exaggerated hypotensive
      response to FMLP is absent in rats which have received a low dose of endotoxin at
      the day before, and is greatly reduced in animals treated with ascorbic acid or
      dimethylsulfoxide. In addition, the duration of hypotension is shortened in rats
      which have been partially depleted of leukocytes by daily methotrexate dosages,
      or which simultaneously receive drug treatments known to enhance vessel wall
      cyclic AMP levels like isoprenaline, glucagon or theophylline. The results
      suggest that after the FMLP administration toxic oxygen species generated by
      leukocytes contribute to the development of the cardiovascular dysfunction.
      Endothelial cAMP is suggested to control the sensitivity of the cardiovascular
      system to these reactive species.

PMID- 3706055
TI  - [Clinico-anatomical studies on the developing vitreous and retina].

PMID- 3706056
TI  - [Generation of spontaneous activity in the iris sphincter muscles].

PMID- 3706054
TI  - Contribution of ADP to the amplification of primary platelet aggregation by
      platelet activating factor (PAF): modulatory role of aspirin.
AB  - Platelet Activating Factor (PAF)-induced human platelet aggregation in citrated
      plasma is accompanied by activation of the cyclo-oxygenase pathway and release of
      intracellular constituents including Adenosine-5'-diphosphate (ADP). Inhibition
      of the cyclo-oxygenase pathway by aspirin prevented the amplification of primary
      platelet aggregation induced by threshold concentrations of PAF. Removal of ADP
      by enzymatic systems had little or no effect on PAF-induced full aggregation, but
      reversed the aggregating effect of PAF (at 10 times threshold concentrations) on
      'aspirinated' platelets. Aspirin also prevented the synergism between PAF and ADP
      when subthreshold concentrations of both compounds were combined. Similar results
      were obtained in heparinized platelet-rich plasma. Thus, ADP may amplify the
      primary response to PAF but its role is modulated by the availability of the
      cyclo-oxygenase pathway products.

PMID- 3706057
TI  - [The aging changes in mouse lens cell membranes].

PMID- 3706058
TI  - [ERG (electroretinogram) in hereditary optic atrophies].

PMID- 3706059
TI  - [Histopathological study of laser trabeculoplasty in the monkey].

PMID- 3706060
TI  - [The correlation between anterior chamber volume and anterior chamber shape].

PMID- 3706061
TI  - [Internal tamponade of the retinal break with the vitreous in the treatment of
      rhegmatogenous retinal detachments: (1) Role of the vitreous in the healing
      process of retinal detachment with a horse shoe shaped retinal tear].

PMID- 3706062
TI  - [Electron microscopic studies of human retinal pigment epithelium in culture-
      phagocytic process of isolated human outer segment].

PMID- 3706063
TI  - [Quantitative evaluation of the visual field measured by Goldmann perimetry as a
      solid angle].

PMID- 3706064
TI  - [Orthodirection gonioscopy].

PMID- 3706065
TI  - [Intraocular lenses--on the basis of high polymers].

PMID- 3706066
TI  - [Clinico-epidemiological and etiological study of infectious conjunctivitis].

PMID- 3706067
TI  - [Retinal nerve-fiber bundle defect and optic disc cupping in glaucoma].

PMID- 3706069
TI  - [Comparison of glare and recovery time by the Mesoptometer].

PMID- 3706068
TI  - [Lymphocyte subsets of the peripheral blood in experimental autoimmune
      uveoretinitis].

PMID- 3706070
TI  - [Visual acuity and pattern-evoked retinal and cortical potentials in pigmentary
      retinal dystrophy].

PMID- 3706071
TI  - A study of prismatic treatment of congenital nystagmus by electro-oculogram
      fixation, pursuit eye movement and optokinetic nystagmus.

PMID- 3706072
TI  - [The role of aqueous divalent cations on spontaneous synchronization in bovine
      iris muscles].

PMID- 3706073
TI  - [A comparative study of the effects of photocoagulation with the argon blue-green
      and krypton red lasers on the retina and choroid. 2. A light microscopic study of
      the late stage after photocoagulation].

PMID- 3706074
TI  - [Fibronectin-synthesizing cells in the rabbit cornea].

PMID- 3706075
TI  - [Effect of aniseikonia on the binocular system as evaluated by pattern reversal
      VER].

PMID- 3706076
TI  - [An electromyographic analysis of paralytic strabismus: antagonistic muscle
      contracture and reciprocal innervation disorder].

PMID- 3706078
TI  - [Single-fiber electromyography of the extraocular muscles in the cat].

PMID- 3706077
TI  - [Relationship between lenticular vitamin E level and cataract formation in
      experimental diabetic rats].

PMID- 3706079
TI  - [Changes in the ERG c-wave in the isolated chick retina due to osmotic gradient
      variation in the vitreal and choroidal perfusing solutions].

PMID- 3706080
TI  - [Enhancement of evoked potentials by saccadic eye movement--effects of alcohol].

PMID- 3706081
TI  - [Short latency visual evoked potential in functional amblyopia. Identification of
      the site of the lesion by EEG topography].

PMID- 3706082
TI  - [Study on the pharmacological effects of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on the human
      eye. Report 2. Analysis of effect of PGE1 on human retinal vessels].

PMID- 3706083
TI  - [Clinical study of senile disciform macular degeneration].

PMID- 3706085
TI  - Final report: a survey of family physicians providing OB care.

PMID- 3706084
TI  - [Human ciliary body epithelium in culture--culture method].

PMID- 3706086
TI  - Heat illness in the athlete: siriasis is serious.

PMID- 3706087
TI  - Chest pain protocol.

PMID- 3706088
TI  - The use and fixation of silastic drains.

PMID- 3706089
TI  - Angiodysplasia in a colonic polyp.

PMID- 3706090
TI  - Pleural mesothelioma.

PMID- 3706091
TI  - Management of acute acetaminophen overdose.
AB  - Acetaminophen is a popular analgesic and antipyretic medication that has few side
      effects and little toxicity when used in recommended doses. With ingestion of
      overdose quantities, accumulation of toxic metabolites may cause hepatotoxicity.
      Acetylcysteine is an effective antidote when used early in the course of an acute
      overdose. An accurate history of the time of ingestion and an acetaminophen
      plasma level will determine which patients require treatment with acetylcysteine.

PMID- 3706092
TI  - Office care of the premature infant.
AB  - The family physician should follow the small premature infant in the neonatal
      intensive care center and review the baby's problems and risk factors. In the
      office, special attention is required in monitoring the infant. Proper hospital
      and office care greatly improve the prognosis.

PMID- 3706093
TI  - Stool chemistries in patients with unexplained diarrhea.
AB  - In approaching the differential diagnosis of unexplained diarrheal disorders,
      separation of osmotic and secretory causes is important. The osmotic gap between
      measured stool osmolality and osmolality calculated from stool sodium and
      potassium concentrations is low in secretory diarrhea and high in osmotic
      diarrhea. Cholera, villous adenoma and bile salts are among the causes of
      secretory diarrhea. Causes of osmotic diarrhea include monosaccharidase
      deficiency, disaccharidase deficiency, excessive use of sugar-free gum and
      excessive ingestion of magnesium antacids.

PMID- 3706094
TI  - Vitiligo.
AB  - Vitiligo is characterized by depigmentation in large or small areas of the skin.
      There is a complete lack of melanin production in the hypopigmented areas, due to
      the destruction of previously active melanocytes. This is in contrast to
      albinism, in which melanocytes are present but there is little or no pigmentation
      because of defective or absent tyrosinase. Although the etiology of vitiligo
      remains unknown, an autoimmune theory is gaining acceptance.

PMID- 3706095
TI  - What patients should know about radial keratotomy.
AB  - Radial keratotomy is a relatively new, widely advertised procedure that promises
      patients with myopia 20/20 vision without corrective lenses. However, radial
      keratotomy sometimes does not fulfill this promise. New studies have reported
      numerous cases in which patients were not helped or were actually harmed by
      radial keratotomy. Also, its long-term effects are unknown. Family physicians
      should advise patients to approach the procedure with caution.

PMID- 3706096
TI  - Management of the diabetic foot.
AB  - Foot disease in diabetics is caused by peripheral neuropathy and peripheral
      vascular disease. Initial evaluation involves repeated physical examinations,
      including careful inspection for infection, and Doppler analysis of perfusion. A
      tracing of the ulceration should be obtained so that healing can be monitored.
      Properly fitting shoes are imperative for prophylactic care. Shoe modification is
      possible using moldable plastics and metatarsal bars. Patient and family
      education are also important elements of management.

PMID- 3706097
TI  - What's new in diuretic therapy.

PMID- 3706098
TI  - Adolescent substance and alcohol abuse.

PMID- 3706099
TI  - Cervical spondylosis.
AB  - The "hard" cervical disc, a bony ridge resulting from periosteal activity,
      usually occurs in the patient with a previous neck injury. The "soft" disc is the
      bulging or extruded disc itself, often manifested by acute radicular pain in the
      younger patient. Causes of spondylotic myelopathy include a congenitally narrow
      spinal canal, disc degeneration and impaired vascularity. Disc syndromes include
      dysphagia and vertebral artery compression.

PMID- 3706100
TI  - Evaluation of the aorta in the Marfan syndrome by magnetic resonance imaging.

PMID- 3706101
TI  - Radionuclide evaluation of cardiac function in obesity.

PMID- 3706102
TI  - Bifid cardiac apex.

PMID- 3706103
TI  - A new use for the esophageal lead: continuous telemetry monitoring.

PMID- 3706104
TI  - Exercise-induced ST segment alternans.

PMID- 3706105
TI  - Ventricular tachycardia induction: comparison of triple extrastimuli with an
      abrupt change in ventricular drive cycle length.
AB  - This study compares two stimulation protocols in 47 patients not inducible with
      double extrastimuli administered during two paced cycle lengths at the right
      ventricular apex. Method I uses triple extrastimuli; method II, an abrupt short
      to-long change in cycle length, single and double extrastimuli. Clinical
      arrhythmias included sustained ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation (11
      patients; group I); nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (27; group II); and no
      documented ventricular arrhythmia (9; group III). Together, methods I and II
      rendered 21 of 47 patients inducible; seven were inducible by both methods. No
      group III patient became inducible. The two techniques were equally likely to
      produce tachycardias in groups I and II; to induce rapid, pleomorphic, or
      sustained tachycardias, and tachycardias greater than 10 beats. Since both
      methods can be applied at the right ventricular apex and increase sensitivity
      without producing tachycardia in patients with a low suspicion for ventricular
      arrhythmias, they may facilitate serial drug testing with an indwelling catheter,
      reducing the need for left-sided studies.

PMID- 3706106
TI  - Defibrillation with the sequential pulse technique: reproducibility with repeated
      shocks.
AB  - The development of the automatic implantable defibrillator has created the need
      to assess the effects of interventions on defibrillation success. However, first
      it is important to determine the spontaneous variability of defibrillation
      threshold (DFT) over time. We repeatedly determined DFT over a maximum of 2-1/2
      hours in open-chested, halothane-anesthetized pigs. Ten seconds after induction
      of fibrillation, defibrillation was attempted by passing a sequential pulse shock
      through an indwelling catheter and patch electrodes. Ninety-seven fibrillation
      episodes (FEs) were induced in eight pigs, with a maximum of 30 shocks in an
      animal. DFT remained stable and fitted a flat least-squares regression equation
      (y = 6.35 + 0.0055x, where x is the ventricular FE number and y is the DFT, r =
      0.0115, p = NS). The mean DFT over time for the eight animals was 7.6 +/- 1.9 J
      (range 4.8 to 16.3 J). The inter-animal variability for DFT was 3.7 J and the
      mean intra-animal DFT variability over time was 3.6 +/- 2.3 J (range 0 to 6.8 J).
      We conclude that, using our methodology, DFT is reproducible and consistent over
      at least 2 hours. This model provides the basis to assess the effects of acute
      interventions on the ability to defibrillate.

PMID- 3706107
TI  - Protective effect of tiapamil against ventricular fibrillation during coronary
      artery occlusion.
AB  - Calcium channel antagonists differ in their effects on myocardial excitable
      properties. This study examines whether tiapamil (100 micrograms/kg/min
      intravenously) is capable of reducing the susceptibility to ventricular
      fibrillation (VF) during acute occlusion and reperfusion of the left anterior
      descending coronary artery. During occlusion, tiapamil elevated the VF threshold
      to 17.5 +/- 8.2 mA compared to a control of 8.6 +/- 5.9 mA (2p less than 0.01).
      However, no significant effect was noted upon reperfusion of the vessel.
      Adrenergic stimulation with norepinephrine, 0.5 microgram/kg/min, lowered the VF
      threshold by 32% (2p less than 0.02), and by 6% (N.S.) when tiapamil was infused
      concurrently. Thus, tiapamil protects the heart against VF during coronary
      occlusion, but not during reperfusion. This appears to be mediated in part by an
      antiadrenergic action of the drug.

PMID- 3706108
TI  - Facilitation of lethal ventricular arrhythmias by therapeutic digoxin in
      conscious post infarction dogs.
AB  - The proarrhythmic potential of digoxin, administered in a therapeutic dosage
      regimen, was evaluated in conscious dogs in the subacute phase of myocardial
      infarction. In this evaluation, digoxin (0.0125 mg/kg/day intravenously) or
      vehicle were administered to conscious dogs for periods of 5 to 7 days,
      commencing 4 to 5 days after anterior myocardial infarction. Before treatment,
      programmed ventricular stimulation failed to initiate ventricular tachycardia in
      26 post infarction dogs. After treatment, programmed stimulation initiated
      ventricular tachyarrhythmias in only 1 of 13 digoxin-treated dogs (1.36 +/- 0.17
      ng/ml serum digoxin) and in 0 of 13 vehicle-treated dogs. However, the incidences
      of early ventricular fibrilation (4 of 10 digoxin vs 0 of 12 vehicle; p less than
      0.05) and of 24-hour mortality (6 of 10 digoxin vs 2 of 12 vehicle; p less than
      0.05) occurring in response to the development of posterolateral ischemia in the
      presence of previous anterior myocardial infarction was significantly greater in
      digoxin-treated (1.47 +/- 0.19 ng/ml serum digoxin) than in vehicle-treated
      animals. These findings suggest an enhanced susceptibility toward the development
      of ischemia-related lethal arrhythmias in the presence of therapeutic digoxin
      serum concentrations early after myocardial infarction, which is not predicted by
      programmed ventricular stimulation testing.

PMID- 3706109
TI  - Wolff-Parkinson-White VCG patterns that mimic other cardiac pathologies: a
      correlative study with the preexcitation pathway localization.
AB  - Vectorcardiograms (VCGs) of 44 patients with a Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW)
      syndrome have been analyzed with the aim to correlate the QRS loop patterns with
      specific preexcitation sites. The VCG QRS loops were analyzed to determine
      whether conduction abnormalities and myocardial infarction (MI)-like patterns
      observed in the WPW syndrome could be related to specific preexcitation sites
      identified by surgery as well as by body surface potential mapping (BSPM). Left
      bundle branch block pattern was observed with anteroseptal (AS) preexcitation,
      anterior MI pattern was seen with lateral right ventricle (LRV) preexcitation,
      left anterior fascicular block was observed with posterior right ventricle (PRV)
      preexcitation, inferoposterior and strictly posterior MI pattern was found with
      posteroseptal (PS) and posterior left ventricle (PLV) preexcitation, right bundle
      branch block was seen in lateral left ventricle (LLV) preexcitation, and right
      bundle branch block was observed with left posterior fascicular block in anterior
      left ventricle (ALV) preexcitation. These VCG criteria seem to identify
      accurately the preexcitation sites as observed by delta wave BSPM and at surgery
      investigations. Consequently, they could be useful in localizing the
      preexcitation site in cases of ambiguous delta vector orientation.

PMID- 3706110
TI  - Computer analysis of exercise-induced changes in QRS duration in patients with
      angina pectoris and in normal subjects.
AB  - Exercise-induced changes in QRS duration were assessed in 25 normal subjects and
      in 17 patients with stable ischemic heart disease. None had bundle branch block
      or were taking medications, and all patients had angina pectoris induced during
      the test. QRS duration and ST60 amplitude were measured by computer during rest
      while standing, at a heart rate of 100 to 110 bpm during exercise, at peak heart
      rate for the angina patients (mean of 127 bpm), and at the corresponding matched
      heart rate and peak heart rate for the normals (mean of 174 bpm). As heart rate
      increased, the patients showed significant ST60 depression. In normal subjects,
      the QRS duration tended to increase initially but at the matched heart rate level
      and at peak heart rate it decreased significantly compared to rest (p less than
      0.01). The QRS duration in the angina patients increased significantly at the
      heart rate level of 100 to 110 bpm (p less than 0.05). Of the eight patients who
      reached a peak heart rate above 127 bpm, six (75%) during that period further
      increased QRS duration compared to three (12%) of the 25 normal subjects (p less
      than 0.001). We conclude that a consistent increase in QRS duration during
      exercise, although subtle, may be a marker of ischemia and consequently a
      potential diagnostic tool.

PMID- 3706111
TI  - Can myocardial ischemia be recognized by the exercise electrocardiogram in
      coronary disease patients with abnormal resting Q waves?
AB  - This study was performed in order to determine whether exercise-induced
      myocardial ischemia demonstrated by thallium-201 imaging could be detected by ST
      segment shifts in patients with abnormal Q waves at rest. Fifty-four patients
      with coronary artery disease and exercise-induced thallium-201 defects were
      compared to 22 patients with similar Q wave patterns but without thallium-201
      exercise defects and to 14 normal subjects. Exercise data were analyzed visually
      in the 12-lead ECG and for spatial ST vector shifts. Both ST segment depression
      observed on the 12-lead ECG and spatial criteria were reasonably sensitive and
      specific for ischemia when the resting ECG showed no Q waves or inferior Q waves
      (range 69% to 93%). However, when anterior Q waves were present, ST segment
      shifts could not distinguish patients with ischemia from those with normal
      perfusion as determined by thallium imaging.

PMID- 3706112
TI  - Repeated exercise and redistribution thallium-201 scintigrams in patients with
      myocardial infarction treated with timolol or placebo.
AB  - Repeat exercise thallium-201 scintigrams were performed 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6
      months in 27 patients following their first myocardial infarction. All patients
      were treated with timolol or matching placebo, administered intravenously
      starting within 5 hours of onset of chest pain. The extent of transient perfusion
      defects in 15 timolol-treated patients increased significantly between 2 weeks
      and 3 months compared to a decrease in 12 placebo-treated patients (p less than
      0.05). Between 3 and 6 months the extent of transient defects did not change in
      the two groups, and there was no difference between the groups. The extent of
      permanent defects was not significantly different between the timolol- and
      placebo-treated patients on any occasion. However, patients in the timolol group
      had a decrease in permanent defects with time in contrast to patients in the
      placebo group (p less than 0.05). Thus, early intervention with timolol in the
      acute phase of myocardial infarction may have consequences for the postinfarction
      phase, as reflected in repeat thallium-201 scintigrams.

PMID- 3706113
TI  - Hemodynamic consequences of left atrial myxomas as assessed by Doppler
      ultrasound.
AB  - Seven patients with left atrial (LA) myxoma who were studied by M-mode, two
      dimensional, and Doppler echocardiography and who underwent surgical excision of
      the tumor are described. In six patients, the myxoma was attached to the lower
      interatrial septum and was protruding through the mitral valve (MV) during
      diastole. Significant MV obstruction (mean diastolic gradient of 16 mm Hg) was
      detected by Doppler in only one patient and was confirmed by hemodynamic studies;
      another patient had only a small gradient (peak 8 and mean 4 mm Hg). Mild mitral
      regurgitation (MR) was found preoperatively in four of five patients who
      underwent left ventriculography, but was not detected by Doppler.
      Postoperatively, however, five patients were found to have mild MR and one
      patient had moderate MR by Doppler. The use of Doppler echocardiography can
      provide important additional information regarding the hemodynamic consequences
      of LA myxomas.

PMID- 3706114
TI  - Blood pressure in smokers and nonsmokers: epidemiologic findings.
AB  - Although cigarette smoking produces an acute rise in blood pressure (BP), results
      from epidemiologic studies have generally shown smokers to have lower BP than
      nonsmokers. This phenomenon has frequently been ascribed to a failure to account
      for other BP-associated differences between smokers and nonsmokers. Consequently,
      the role of cigarette smoking as a risk factor for hypertension remains unclear.
      In this article the results of a large epidemiologic study of smoking and BP in a
      working population are presented. The results show a pattern of higher BP among
      nonsmokers and ex-smokers than among smokers. These differences could not be
      explained by various potentially confounding factors, such as relative weight,
      ethnic origin, alcohol and coffee intake, and participation in leisure time
      sports. While the considerable adverse effects of smoking on health are well
      established, the role of smoking as a risk factor for hypertension is not
      supported by the epidemiologic evidence. Furthermore, the data are highly
      suggestive of lower BP among smokers compared with nonsmokers, whereas ex-smokers
      have BPs similar to those of nonsmokers.

PMID- 3706115
TI  - The complementary role of magnetic resonance imaging, Doppler echocardiography,
      and computed tomography in the diagnosis of dissecting thoracic aneurysms.
AB  - Non-ECG gated MRI was compared with 2DE and/or CT scans in 10 patients with
      dissecting aneurysms proven by angiography and/or surgery. Patient ages ranged
      from 48 to 85 years (mean 69.6). Six had DeBakey type I dissections and four had
      DeBakey type III dissections. MRI was diagnostic for aortic dissection in nine
      cases and suggestive in the tenth. 2DE was diagnostic in six out of nine
      patients, suggestive in two patients, and nondiagnostic in one patient. CT was
      diagnostic in the three cases in which it was employed. MRI demonstrated a
      dilated ascending aorta with thickened walls in all type I dissections as well as
      an intimal flap and slow flow in the false channel in four patients. In the other
      two patients with type I dissection, MRI detected the intimal flap in the
      descending aorta but not in the ascending aorta, whereas 2DE revealed the
      ascending aortic intimal flap in both of these patients and CT showed it in one
      of them. In the type III dissections, MRI demonstrated a thickened wall and
      thrombus in the lumen in all four cases, and the intimal flap in three out of the
      four. 2DE excluded ascending aortic involvement in all three type III
      dissections. Six other patients with fusiform dilated ascending aortas had no
      evidence of dissection by MRI, 2DE, and aortography. Thus, non-ECG gated MRI
      alone or in combination with 2DE and/or CT is useful in the diagnosis of
      dissecting thoracic aneurysm and in assessing the extent of the dissection. In
      addition, the differentiation of dissecting aneurysms of the aorta from fusiform
      dilatation of the aorta is made possible by these noninvasive techniques.

PMID- 3706116
TI  - Right atrial tamponade simulating tricuspid stenosis following acute myocardial
      infarction.

PMID- 3706117
TI  - Echocardiographic findings in primary pericardial mesothelioma.

PMID- 3706118
TI  - Doppler echocardiographic determination of the cause of a systolic murmur
      following penetrating chest trauma.

PMID- 3706119
TI  - Ascending aortic calcification and calcific aortic stenosis in a young woman.

PMID- 3706120
TI  - Echocardiographic findings of metastatic chondrosarcoma involving the left
      atrium.

PMID- 3706122
TI  - Cimetidine-metoclopramide combination works in severe reflux esophagitis.

PMID- 3706123
TI  - Juvenile Diabetes Foundation sees brighter future for diabetes patients.

PMID- 3706121
TI  - Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia demonstrated by phase mapping of gated
      equilibrium radioventriculography.

PMID- 3706124
TI  - NIH consensus development conference: health implications of smokeless tobacco.

PMID- 3706125
TI  - Addressing senior audiences.

PMID- 3706126
TI  - APhA community pharmacy residency program: programmatic essentials.

PMID- 3706127
TI  - Public relations campaign to promote pharmacy in North Carolina.

PMID- 3706128
TI  - Executive summary--APhA commission on third party programs.

PMID- 3706129
TI  - Dangers from hidden salicylates.

PMID- 3706130
TI  - Prescribed doses requiring metric volume measurements.

PMID- 3706131
TI  - Drug price increase explained.

PMID- 3706132
TI  - M*A*S*H comes to life: 'Team Spirit 83'.

PMID- 3706133
TI  - Pharmacists give dubious advice.

PMID- 3706134
TI  - Insulin pump shows promise for pregnant women--but problems for children.

PMID- 3706135
TI  - Odor thresholds and irritation levels of several chemical substances: a review.
AB  - A collation of odor threshold data for approximately 450 chemical substances is
      presented. The range of odor thresholds reported in the literature is shown along
      with any reported threshold of irritation to humans. These data can assist the
      industrial hygienist in determining when an "odor" may be in excess of the
      Threshold Limit Value, when an organic vapor respirator is not acceptable due to
      the lack of an odor warning at the end of a cartridge life, and where odors may
      not indicate a hazard due to extremely low odor thresholds which may be well
      below the respective TLVs.

PMID- 3706136
TI  - Simple statistical test for compliance of fiber counts with hygiene standard.

PMID- 3706137
TI  - Risks of ethylene glycol and ethanol.

PMID- 3706138
TI  - The High Risk Occupational Disease Notification and Prevention Act of 1985.

PMID- 3706139
TI  - A new approach to the construction of small animal inhalation chambers: design
      and evaluation.
AB  - Cylindrical, all glass, inhalation chambers are described which are suitable for
      the exposure of small laboratory animals to atmospheric pollutants. The main
      feature of the design is the ability of the investigator to construct a chamber
      with an internal volume which best approximates the animal loading requirement
      and/or the availability of test material. Evaluation of the distribution of a
      gaseous material within the chamber has shown that animals will be exposed to a
      specified atmospheric concentration of the material irrespective of their
      position within the chamber. Catch pans for the collection of excreta can be used
      which do not affect the uniformity of material distribution. Preliminary
      evaluation of the distribution of a particulate atmosphere indicates that the
      same will be true for liquid and solid aerosols.

PMID- 3706140
TI  - Development and validation of personal monitoring methods for low levels of
      acrylonitrile in workplace atmosphere: I. Test atmosphere generation and solvent
      desorption methods.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to optimize monitoring methods and to investigate
      new technology for the determination of low levels of acrylonitrile (0.05 to 5
      ppm) in workplace atmospheres. In the first phase of the study, a dynamic
      atmosphere generation system was developed to produce low levels of acrylonitrile
      in simulated workplace atmospheres. Various potential sorbents were investigated
      in the second phase, and the candidate methods were compared in a laboratory
      validation study over a concentration range from 0.05 to 5 ppm acrylonitrile in
      the presence of potential interferences and under relative humidity conditions
      from 30% to 95% RH. A collection tube containing 600 mg Pittsburgh coconut base
      charcoal was found to be the optimum tube for sampling for a full 8-hr shift. No
      breakthrough was observed over the concentrations and humidities tested. The
      recovery was 91.3% with a total relative precision of +/- 21% over the test
      range, and the recovery was not affected by storage for up to five weeks.

PMID- 3706141
TI  - Development and validation of personal monitoring methods for low levels of
      acrylonitrile in workplace atmosphere: II. Thermal desorption and field
      validation.
AB  - Thermal desorption is a more sensitive alternative to solvent desorption for the
      determination of acrylonitrile in air. A dual-bed collection tube (Tenax GC and
      Carbosieve B) was developed for collecting and concentrating low levels of
      acrylonitrile. Two thermal desorption techniques were evaluated for the recovery
      of acrylonitrile collected on the dual-bed tubes over a concentration range from
      0.05 to 5 ppm. A commercially-available system, the Century Programmable Thermal
      Desorption Unit, was easy to operate, allowed for multiple injections of the
      sample and had a recovery of 82 +/- 12% (RSD). Samples were stored for up to two
      months without affecting the recovery and there was not an observable effect from
      humidity or from the presence of other organic compounds. This system was found
      to have limitations at acrylonitrile concentrations above 1 ppm. A field
      validation study tested the sampling and analytical methods developed for
      monitoring low levels of acrylonitrile in the workplace. Three methods employing
      Pittsburgh Coconut-Base activated charcoal, Ambersorb XE-348 and Tenax-GC and
      Carbosieve B sampling mediums were validated for concentrations ranging from 0.05
      to 5 ppm and confirmed in the field from 0.02 to 3 ppm in tests conducted at
      plant sites. These field studies were run over varying humidity and temperature
      conditions. The overall absolute recoveries and relative standard deviations
      found for these methods found during the field trials are 90 +/- 18% for
      charcoal; 85 +/- 11% for Ambersorb XE-348; and 90 +/- 19% for the Century dual
      bed sorbent. These values were in quite good agreement with the 91 +/- 10%, 88 +/
      8%, and 82 +/- 12% determined in laboratory studies.

PMID- 3706142
TI  - Gasoline vapor exposures. Part I. Characterization of workplace exposures.
AB  - Monitoring surveys of gasoline vapor exposures were conducted on truck drivers
      and terminal operators from five terminal loading facilities, on dockmen and
      seamen at two tanker/barge loading facilities, and on attendants at a single
      expressway service plaza. Results revealed wide variations in total C6+
      hydrocarbon exposures for each location, with overall 8-hr time-weighted averaged
      (TWA) geometric means of 5.7 mg/m3 (1.4 ppm) for the terminals, and 4.0 mg/m3
      (1.0 ppm) for the service plaza, respectively. The exposures ranged from 0.8 to
      120.8 mg/m3 (0.2-30.1 ppm) for the terminals, and from 1.1 to 130.3 mg/m3 (0.3
      32.5 ppm) for the service plaza. For the terminals, exposures were not
      significantly different regardless of loading method or the presence or absence
      of vapor recovery systems. Comprehensive chemical analyses of terminal employee
      exposure samples revealed that the C4 and C5 hydrocarbon components constituted
      74.8 +/- 9.2% of the total exposure sample on a microgram/sample basis. The C6,
      C7, and C8+ components constituted 13.0 +/- 1.9, 6.2 +/- 3.0, and 5.9 +/- 7.2% of
      the total samples, respectively. Comprehensive analyses of the marine employee
      exposure samples resulted in a similar distribution of components; that is, 66.6
      +/- 7.9, 17.5 +/- 4.7, 9.2 +/- 3.1, and 6.4 +/- 1.9% for the C4/C5, C6, C7, and
      C8+ components, respectively. The composition of the exposures, however, was
      weighted more toward the C5, C6 and C7 components when compared to the bulk
      terminal employee exposures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3706143
TI  - Gasoline vapor exposures. Part II. Evaluation of the nephrotoxicity of the major
      C4/C5 hydrocarbon components.
AB  - Analysis of workplace exposures to gasoline vapors revealed that C4 and C5
      hydrocarbons constitute anywhere from 67 to 74% by weight of a typical vapor.
      Furthermore, it was found that n-butane, isobutane, n-pentane, and isopentane
      together comprise greater than 90% of all the C4/C5 vapor components and
      approximately 61 to 67% by weight of the total vapor. Accordingly, a 21-day
      inhalation toxicity study of a blend consisting of 25% (w/w) each of these four
      hydrocarbons was conducted using rats to assess the potential for these major
      gasoline vapor components to induce kidney damage. No evidence of the kidney
      lesions typically associated with hydrocarbon-induced nephropathy was observed in
      rats exposed at up to 11 800 mg/m3 (4437 ppm) of the blend.

PMID- 3706144
TI  - Effects of industrial respirator wear during exercise in subjects with
      restrictive lung disease.
AB  - Few studies have examined the response of individuals with restrictive lung
      disease (RLD) to respirator wear. Such information should be of theoretical and
      practical interest when the need to determine fitness to wear respirators is
      considered. Seventeen females performed progressive submaximal treadmill
      exercise. Twelve control subjects with total lung capacity (TLC) = 5.71 +/- .19L
      (mean +/- SEM) and DLCO = 25.8 +/- 1.0 mL/min/mmHg were compared to five RLD
      subjects with TLC = 3.70 +/- 0.22 and DLCO = 14.5 +/- 0.7. Mean age, height and
      weight were similar. Separate exercise trials were performed with no added
      resistance (NAR), and with 5 cm H2O/L/sec inspiratory and 1.5 cm H2O/L/sec
      expiratory resistance (R2) to stimulate widely used respiratory masks.
      Comparisons of exercise data were made at an oxygen consumption of 0.8 L/min.
      With NAR, RLD subjects had significantly higher minute ventilation (VE) (29.0 vs.
      21.2 L/min for controls), higher respiratory rate (RR), and lower tidal volume
      (VT). Heart rate, end-tidal PCO2 (PETCO2), and mouth pressure swing (Poral) were
      not different from control values. With R2 compared to NAR, the controls had
      reduced RR and VE; and increased VT, PETCO2, and Poral. While changes with R2 for
      the RLD subjects were in the same directions as controls, only the increase in
      Poral was statistically significant. Analysis of the differences showed that none
      of the changes with R2 in RLD subjects was different from control changes except
      for the greater increase in Poral and the smaller increase in VT. The former was
      explained by the RLD subjects' higher VE and flow rates, and the non-linear
      nature of R2 at higher flow rates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3706145
TI  - An improved high pressure liquid chromatographic method for the determination of
      isocyanates using "nitro reagent".
AB  - The chromatographic problems associated with the excess derivatizing reagent, N-4
      nitrobenzyl-N-n-propylamine, in the commonly used HPLC method for the
      determination of isocyanates have been eliminated. An aqueous extraction removed
      the excess reagent without affecting the concentration of the urea derivatives.
      The combination of the extraction with the use of a fast-LC column allowed
      separation and quantitation of 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 2,4- and 2,6
      toluene diisocyanate and hexamethylene diisocyanate within four minutes under
      isocratic conditions. Detection limits ranged from 2 to 5 ng injected.

PMID- 3706146
TI  - The permeation of multi-component liquids through new and pre-exposed glove
      materials.
AB  - The permeation of specimens from 13 commercially available gloves by 20 single-
      and multi-component solutions was measured. Of the 8 basic glove materials, the
      butyl rubber and polyvinyl alcohol specimens exhibited the longest breakthrough
      times over the widest range of chemicals and chemical combinations.

PMID- 3706147
TI  - The effects of protector-noise interaction on the accuracy of the NRR estimate of
      hearing protector attenuation.
AB  - A total of 262 noise spectra were divided empirically into three groups and the
      accuracy of the NRR estimate of hearing protector attenuation was evaluated for
      each group using 15 hearing protectors. The mean and the standard deviation of
      the error in the NRR estimate was most stable across the 15 protectors, when
      noise spectra were characterized by a simple monotonic band-level function
      yielding a dBC-dBA difference of 3.5 dB or less. Both the octave band attenuation
      function of the hearing protector and the octave band spectrum of the noise
      appeared to contribute to the error in the NRR estimate.

PMID- 3706148
TI  - Occupational health aspects of unusual work schedules: a review of Exxon's
      experiences.
AB  - Today more than 300,000 persons in the U.S. work unusually long shifts (longer
      than eight hours per day) during which they are exposed to airborne toxicants.
      This paper reviews EXXON's experience in managing the various potential
      occupational health problems associated with such work schedules. A review of
      mathematical approaches to modifying exposure limits for such shifts is included;
      special emphasis is placed on the potential role of circadian rhythm effects as
      they serve to affect the physiological adjustment of workers to these schedules.
      A listing of the kinds of physical ailments which have been associated with
      unusual work schedules is included also. A fairly thorough list of references
      accompanies the text.

PMID- 3706149
TI  - A simple exercise test for the prediction of relative heat tolerance.
AB  - A medical screening exercise test is presented which accurately predicts relative
      heat tolerance during work in very hot environments. The test consisted of 15-20
      min of exercise at a standard absolute intensity of about 600 kcal/hr (140W) with
      the subject wearing a vapor-barrier suit. Five minutes after the subject
      exercised, recovery heart rate was measured. When this heart rate is used, a
      physiological limit (+/- approximately 5 min) can be predicted with 95%
      confidence for the most intense work-heat conditions found in nuclear power
      stations. In addition, site health and safety personnel can establish
      qualification criteria for work on hot jobs, based on the test results. The test
      as developed can be performed in an office environment with the use of a minimum
      of equipment by personnel with minimal expertise and training. Total maximal test
      duration is about 20-25 min per person and only heart rate need be monitored
      (simple pulse palpation will suffice). Test modality is adaptable to any
      ergometer, the most readily available and least expensive of which is bench
      stepping. It is recommended that this test be available for use for those persons
      who, based upon routine medical examination or past history, are suspected of
      being relatively heat intolerant.

PMID- 3706150
TI  - Evaluation of building ventilation systems.
AB  - Over the past several years, NIOSH has responded to health hazard evaluation
      requests from workers in dozens of office environments. Typically, the employees
      have complained of headache, eye and upper respiratory tract irritation,
      dizziness, lethargy and the inability to concentrate. Most often "inadequate
      ventilation" has been blamed for these complaints. Of paramount importance in the
      evaluation and correction of these problems is an effective evaluation of the
      building's ventilation system. Heating, ventilating and air-conditioning
      conditions that can cause worker stresses include: migration of odors or chemical
      hazards between building areas; reentrainment of exhaust from building fume hoods
      or through heat wheels; buildup of microorganisms in the HVAC system components;
      and poor odor or environmental control due to insufficient "fresh" outdoor air or
      system heating or cooling malfunction. The purpose of this paper is to provide an
      overview of building ventilation systems, the ventilation problems associated
      with poorly designed or operating systems, and the methodology for effectively
      evaluating system performance.

PMID- 3706151
TI  - Evaluation of occupational exposures: a proposed sampling method.
AB  - Occupational exposures to potentially hazardous agents may vary considerably
      because of worker mobility, or workplace contaminant levels that fluctuate within
      or between-days. In addition, individual susceptibility to adverse health effects
      varies among identically exposed workers. Therefore, accounting for these
      variables can be difficult during assessment of worker exposure for occupational
      health and OSHA compliance purposes. This is particularly true when there is
      varied and repeated exposure from day to day. A cost-effective monitoring
      strategy for evaluating repeated employee exposure and potential health risk that
      considers the foregoing exposure variables is desirable. The method this article
      proposes uses a well-planned sampling strategy featuring 4-hr, rather than the
      traditional 7 or 8-hr sampling durations. Use of 4-hr samples has been found to
      improve monitoring efficiency without significantly reducing sampling precision
      or accuracy. Statistical protocols applied during the sampling procedure and
      subsequent data analysis also combine to minimize the frequency and duration of
      samples required to reach a decision regarding the significance of a worker's
      exposure. The development of an Acceptable Risk Level (ARL) is another important
      element of the proposed method. An ARL is a variable based on risk assessment and
      risk management principles, which have been established by the employer for each
      contaminant. The ARL is dependent on the contaminant's toxicity and the time
      pattern and spacing of successive exposures. Ultimately, an ARL can be developed
      by an employer for the productive allocation of health and safety dollars to
      ensure worker protection.

PMID- 3706152
TI  - Permeation of chemical protective clothing by three binary solvent mixtures.
AB  - An evaluation of glove materials against three different binary chemical mixtures
      selected from common industrial solvents was conducted. Changes in breakthrough
      time and permeation rate of the mixture components were evaluated as a function
      of the mixture composition. An increase in employee risk resulting from early
      mixture breakthrough time and enhanced mixture permeation rate over that of the
      pure chemicals was demonstrated. The permeation of a binary mixture through
      chemical protective clothing could not be predicted by the permeation results of
      the pure components. It is recommended that chemical protective clothing be
      tested for its permeation characteristics with the use of the chemical mixtures
      and conditions that reflect the work site exposure.

PMID- 3706154
TI  - Cardiac arrest treated with a new automatic external defibrillator by out-of
      hospital first responders.
AB  - Two hundred sixty patients in cardiac arrest were treated with an automatic
      external defibrillator by first-responding firefighters before arrival of
      paramedics. On average, first responders arrived 5 minutes before paramedics. Of
      118 patients with ventricular fibrillation, 91 (77%) were administered shocks, 21
      (23%) of whom had return of pulse and blood pressure by the time paramedics
      arrived. Fifty-six (62%) were admitted to the hospital and 30 (33%) survived. The
      survival rate for all 118 victims discovered with ventricular fibrillation was
      27%. The device correctly classified the initial and all subsequent rhythms in 92
      patients with asystole, 46 with electromechanical dissociation, and 22 others
      with presumed respiratory arrest; it did not deliver any inappropriate shocks to
      patients or to the rescuers using the device. An automatic external defibrillator
      can be used by first responders as an adjunct to basic life support, and its use
      may improve survival by shortening the time to defibrillation.

PMID- 3706153
TI  - Active transient myocardial ischemia during daily life in asymptomatic patients
      with positive exercise tests and coronary artery disease.
AB  - The management of asymptomatic patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) is
      controversial, and the level of "activity" of their CAD during normal daily life
      remains largely unknown. To examine this question, ambulatory Holter monitoring
      of ST segments was performed out of the hospital in 7 asymptomatic subjects with
      CAD during normal daily activities. Their condition was detected because they all
      had a silent positive exercise test and angiographically proved CAD. During a
      total of 384 hours of monitoring, 37 asymptomatic episodes of ST depression (1 mm
      or greater and lasting at least 30 seconds) were recorded in 5 of the patients.
      Most episodes (68%) were 10 minutes or less in duration but ranged from 1 to 253
      minutes, and most (70%) had a maximal ST depression of 1 to 2 mm. A small
      increase in heart rate, ranging from 1 to 34 beats/min, preceded 65% of the
      episodes, but 35% were associated with no change or even a decline before the
      onset of ischemia. Fifty-four percent of the episodes occurred during rest or
      usual light physical activity, 8% during sleep and only 38% during exercise,
      including 1 prolonged bout while jogging. During 78% of the episodes, the
      subjects rated their mental activity as usual and only 14% occurred during mental
      stress. In addition, a distinct diurnal variation was noted with 57% of the
      ischemia occurring between 0600 and 1200 hours (p = 0.008). Therefore, most
      asymptomatic subjects had active transient ischemia during daily life, with many
      of the characteristics already described in symptomatic subjects with CAD.

PMID- 3706155
TI  - Risk of myocardium adjacent to infarcted myocardium: electrocardiographic,
      metabolic and scintigraphic evidence within the first week of acute myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - Atrial pacing was carried out within 5 days of an uncomplicated acute myocardial
      infarction (AMI) in 28 patients to detect the existence of a menaced area. A
      positive pacing response (at least 1.0 mm of ST-segment shift) was observed in 23
      patients (82%, group I), whereas pacing results were negative in 5 (18%, group
      II). Pacing-induced electrocardiographic changes involved the leads affected by
      AMI in patients with transmural necrosis. A well-defined thallium-201
      redistribution, mostly localized near or within the AMI site, was present in 10
      patients from group I (43%), in 1 from group II (20%), and in 1 of 12 comparable
      patients (8%) in whom pacing was not performed. During pacing, abnormal lactate
      metabolism was observed in 11 of 17 patients from group I (65%) and in 0 of 5
      from group II (0%). A 90% or greater coronary stenosis of at least 1 artery was
      found in 19 of 23 patients from group I (83%) and in 1 of 5 from group II (20%);
      2- to 3-vessel disease (more than 70% diameter stenosis) was present in 14
      patients from group I (61%) and 1 from group II (20%). During a 15-month follow
      up (range 9 to 25), effort angina developed in 9 patients from group I (39%) and
      in none from group II. No deaths or reinfarctions occurred in either group. Thus,
      very early after a first AMI, most patients have a jeopardized periinfarction
      area that is usually associated with a critical coronary stenosis and that
      heralds effort angina in a significant proportion of them.

PMID- 3706156
TI  - Cardiac cinefluoroscopy as an inexpensive aid in the diagnosis of coronary artery
      disease.
AB  - To compare the accuracy of cinefluoroscopy, exercise electrocardiography and
      thallium perfusion imaging in diagnosing coronary artery disease (CAD), these 3
      studies were performed in 297 subjects without prior acute myocardial infarction
      who were referred for coronary angiography. Of the 137 patients who had more than
      50% angiographic diameter narrowing in at least 1 major coronary artery, 91 (67%)
      were correctly identified by cinefluoroscopy, 90 (66%) by stress
      electrocardiography and 100 (73%) by thallium imaging. Of the 164 patients with
      no more than 50% diameter narrowing, the proportion of patients correctly
      identified as normal were 81%, 72% and 79%, respectively. Cardiac cinefluoroscopy
      correctly classified 74% of the 297 subjects as to their disease status (more
      than 50% coronary narrowing), compared to 69% for stress electrocardiography and
      76% for thallium imaging. There was no significant difference between the
      sensitivity or specificity of the test combination of stress electrocardiography
      and cinefluoroscopy and the combination of stress electrocardiography and
      thallium imaging. Cardiac cinefluoroscopy, a relatively cost-effective diagnostic
      test, is similar in accuracy to other, more expensive noninvasive diagnostic
      examinations for CAD.

PMID- 3706157
TI  - Ratio of ST-segment depression in lead V2 to ST-segment elevation in lead aVF in
      evolving inferior acute myocardial infarction: an aid to the early recognition of
      right ventricular ischemia.
AB  - The potential value of the ratio of precordial ST-segment depression to inferior
      ST-segment elevation as a sign of concomitant right ventricular (RV) ischemia was
      examined. The study group consisted of 68 patients, admitted within 3 hours of
      the onset of inferior acute myocardial infarction (AMI), in whom there was no
      evidence of prior AMI. In 27 of the 34 patients in whom inferior AMI was the
      result of right coronary artery occlusion proximal to the RV branch, the
      magnitude of ST-segment depression in lead V2 was 50% or less of the magnitude of
      ST-segment elevation in lead aVF, whereas in only 3 of the 34 patients in whom
      the site of occlusion was either distal to the RV branch (n = 23) or in the left
      circumflex artery (n = 11) was this ratio 50%; in no patient was it less than 50%
      (p less than 0.001). All 34 patients with occlusion of the right coronary artery
      proximal to the RV branch also had regional or global ischemic RV dysfunction by
      radionuclide ventriculography, with a mean RV ejection fraction of 30 +/- 10%
      compared with 42 +/- 6% in patients with occlusion distal to the RV branch or in
      the left circumflex artery (p less than 0.001). In conclusion, in patients with
      evolving inferior AMI, ST-segment depression in lead V2 of 50% or less of the
      magnitude of ST-segment elevation in lead aVF may be a useful sign (sensitivity
      79%, specificity 91%, positive predictive value 90% and negative predictive value
      82%) for identifying patients with concomitant RV ischemia.

PMID- 3706158
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging during acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - Experimental canine studies have demonstrated the potential of magnetic resonance
      imaging (MRI) for detecting and characterizing acute myocardial infarction (AMI)
      in humans. Accordingly, electrocardiographic-gated spin-echo MR images of the
      left ventricular short axis were obtained in 34 patients a mean of 11 +/- 6 days
      (range 3 to 30) after AMI. This imaging technique allowed division of the left
      ventricle into segments corresponding to the left ventricular segments on
      angiography. Patients were separated into 2 groups; the first 16 patients (group
      I) were examined using a variety of imaging techniques. Information derived from
      this experience resulted in a standard imaging protocol and development of
      criteria for the presence of AMI. The imaging protocol and interpretation
      criteria were used in the assessment of a subsequent group of 18 patients (group
      II). Of the 14 patients in group II with satisfactory image quality, all showed
      an increase in myocardial signal intensity consistent with an AMI. In addition,
      the anterior or inferior location of the abnormal MR segments corresponded to the
      electrocardiographic infarct location. MR segments showing increased signal
      intensity corresponded with severely hypokinetic or akinetic segments on the left
      ventriculogram in 8 patients having both procedures. In a group of volunteers who
      underwent imaging and whose images were interpreted in the same manner as those
      of the patients with AMI, 1 of 9 subjects had regional variation in myocardial
      signal intensity compatible with an AMI. In summary, AMI is readily detected,
      located and characterized by electrocardiographic-gated MRI. These findings
      suggest that MRI techniques may have a role in the evaluation of AMI in humans.

PMID- 3706159
TI  - Usefulness of QTc interval on the discharge electrocardiogram for predicting
      survival after acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - The corrected QT (QTc) interval was measured on the discharge electrocardiogram
      of 457 consecutive patients who had survived the first 28 days after a first
      acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The patients were followed for 4 years. The
      QTc interval was not related to long-term survival after the acute phase of AMI.
      Sixteen percent of the patients had a QTc interval above the normal upper limit
      of 440 ms. Of them, 71% survived 4 years and 77% with a shorter QTc interval
      survived (p = 0.31). When mortality per 100 patient-years was calculated for
      different QTc intervals, with 10 ms accuracy, no consistent relation between the
      2 variables was seen. Results that indicate a strong relation between QTc
      interval prolongation and sudden death after AMI should be reevaluated. The QTc
      interval is not a useful prognostic tool after AMI.

PMID- 3706160
TI  - Risk factors, exercise fitness and electrocardiographic response to exercise in
      12,866 men at high risk of symptomatic coronary heart disease.
AB  - The association between coronary heart disease (CAD) risk factors with submaximal
      exercise performance was examined among 12,866 men at high risk in the Multiple
      Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). Men were selected from a risk score based
      on serum cholesterol level, diastolic blood pressure and number of cigarettes
      smoked per day. Multivariate analysis using exercise ST depression as the
      dependent variable showed age, diastolic blood pressure and serum cholesterol
      level were significant positive predictors of ST depression and cigarettes per
      day, body mass index and heart rate at rest were significant negative predictors
      of ST depression. Similarly, multivariate analysis, using exercise duration as
      the dependent variable, revealed that age, cholesterol level, body mass index and
      heart rate at rest were significant negative predictors of exercise duration,
      whereas cigarettes per day and leisure-time physical activity were significant
      positive predictors. Some of these relationships with exercise performance are
      consistent with established epidemiologic CAD risk factor associations and others
      are not. The MRFIT selection process, which resulted in smokers who were
      significantly younger and who had significantly lower levels of other CAD risk
      factors than nonsmokers, was partially responsible.

PMID- 3706161
TI  - Electrophysiologic profile of asymptomatic Wolff-Parkinson-White pattern.
AB  - Electrophysiologic testing in patients with asymptomatic Wolff-Parkinson-White
      syndrome (WPW) may be useful in defining arrhythmic substrates and predictors of
      fatality. Forty-two patients with asymptomatic WPW, mean age 36 years, underwent
      electrophysiologic studies and were followed prospectively. They were compared
      with a matched control group of patients studied within the same period for
      documented tachycardia associated with the WPW syndrome. Asymptomatic patients
      had longer anterograde effective refractory periods of the accessory pathway,
      longer minimum cycle lengths maintaining 1:1 conduction over the accessory
      pathway, longer minimum RR intervals between consecutive preexcited beats during
      atrial fibrillation (AF) and longer mean RR intervals during AF than their
      symptomatic counterparts. Sustained reciprocating tachycardia could not be
      induced in most patients and induction of AF required rapid atrial pacing in all
      patients. Nine patients had an anterograde effective refractory period of less
      than 270 ms and 17% had minimum cycle length less than 250 ms during induced AF.
      Over a follow-up of 29 +/- 18 months, 1 patient died of noncardiac causes and the
      rest remained asymptomatic. Thus, patients with asymptomatic WPW have deficient
      electrophysiologic substrates to maintain orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia
      under baseline conditions and do not have atrial vulnerability. Seventeen percent
      of patients had potentially lethal ventricular rates during induced AF.

PMID- 3706162
TI  - An improved index of left ventricular function in chronic mitral regurgitation.
AB  - The ratio of end-systolic wall stress (ESWS) to volume index (ESVI) has been
      proposed as a useful index of left ventricular (LV) function in chronic mitral
      regurgitation (MR). However, although this ratio reflects isometric contraction,
      the chronic changes in LV architecture caused by MR may affect its usefulness. An
      index was evaluated that incorporated the ejection fraction--(TVEF [tension
      volume ejection fraction] = ESWS/ESVI X EF)--thus combining both isometric and
      ejection phase parameters. Forty patients with symptomatic MR but no other
      valvular or coronary disease had valve replacement between 1980 and 1984. Twenty
      nine patients (group A) were in New York Heart Association class I or II
      postoperatively. The remaining patients (group B) were in class III or IV or
      died. Four preoperative LV function indexes were compared. The means of all
      indexes in groups A and B were significantly different, but only TVEF completely
      separated the groups. A TVEF of less than 1.47 uniformly predicted a poor
      operative outcome.

PMID- 3706163
TI  - Amounts of coronary arterial narrowing by atherosclerotic plaques in clinically
      isolated mitral valve stenosis: analysis of 76 necropsy patients older than 30
      years.
AB  - Although several studies have described the status of the coronary arteries by
      angiography in patients with mitral stenosis (MS), few necropsy studies of the
      coronary arteries in these patients are available. The present report describes
      in detail the amounts of narrowing by atherosclerotic plaque of the 4 major
      epicardial coronary arteries in 76 necropsy patients, aged 31 to 79 years (mean
      53) with clinically isolated MS (with or without associated mitral regurgitation
      but without aortic valve dysfunction). Of the 76 patients, greater than or equal
      to 1 major coronary artery was narrowed greater than 75% in cross-sectional area
      (XSA) in 38 (50%) and in 10 of the 38 patients greater than or equal to 1 major
      coronary artery was totally occluded or nearly so (greater than 95% XSA
      narrowing). A higher percent of the 29 men had significant (greater than 75% XSA)
      coronary narrowing than did the 47 women (62 vs 44%) and the men had more major
      coronary arteries significantly narrowed compared with the women (31 of 116
      arteries [27%] vs 33 of 188 arteries [18%]). The 4 major coronary arteries in the
      76 patients were divided into 5-mm segments and examined histologically: of the
      3,124 segments (41 per patient), 620 segments (20%) were narrowed 0 to 25% in
      XSA, 1,826 (58%) were narrowed 26 to 50%, 470 (15%) were narrowed 51 to 75%, 188
      (6%) were narrowed 76 to 95%, and 20 segments (1%) were narrowed 96 to 100% in
      XSA. The percent of segments narrowed greater than 75% in XSA was 9% in the men
      and 5% in the women.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3706164
TI  - New guidelines for the clinical diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse.
AB  - Because the term mitral valve prolapse has pathologic connotations, considerable
      effort has been expended to establish acceptable diagnostic standards, but
      without general agreement. This report combines information from the history,
      physical examination, electrocardiogram, chest x-ray and 2-dimensional
      echocardiogram in an effort to avoid the artifice of using the 2-dimensional
      echocardiogram as a categoric reference standard and to establish new clinical
      guidelines that distinguish pathologic mitral valve prolapse--a primary
      connective tissue abnormality of leaflets, chordae tendineae and anulus--from
      normal superior systolic displacement of mitral leaflets. The objective is to
      avoid implications of heart disease in healthy young persons within the gaussian
      distribution of normal. To this end, and with the Jones criteria as a model,
      major and minor criteria are proposed for the clinical diagnosis of mitral valve
      prolapse as a pathologic entity.

PMID- 3706165
TI  - Restrictive interatrial communication in total anomalous pulmonary venous
      connection.
AB  - Restriction to systemic blood flow at the atrial level in total anomalous
      pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) may play a role in the early development of
      congestive heart failure in some patients. Over a 4-year period, 21 patients with
      TAPVC without extracardiac obstruction presented from 1 day to 10 months of age
      (mean 2.6 months). Of 21 patients, 17 (81%) presented after 1 month of age with
      moderate to severe congestive heart failure. In the first week after birth 4
      patients presented with minimal symptoms of congestive heart failure. A small
      patent foramen ovale (3 mm or less in diameter) was found in 19 of 21 patients
      (90%) by 2-dimensional echocardiography or angiography. Balloon or blade and
      balloon atrial septostomy was performed in these 19 patients and resulted in
      significant decreases in mean right to left atrial pressure gradient (from 2.8 to
      0.25 mm Hg, p less than 0.001), systolic pulmonary to femoral artery pressure
      ratio (from 0.80 to 0.60, p less than 0.001), and systemic arterial oxygen
      saturation (from 84% to 79%, p less than 0.01). One patient had nonfatal
      complications. Surgery was performed in 19 patients from 2 weeks to 29 months
      (mean 12 months) after catheterization, with 1 operative death (5% mortality).
      Four patients required early total correction because of persistent heart
      failure; 15 had elective surgical repair. One of 2 unoperated patients died of
      pneumonia at 2.5 years of age. A restrictive interatrial communication develops
      after the first month of extrauterine life in most patients with TAPVC. Atrial
      septostomy results in improved hemodynamic conditions and clinical
      palliation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3706166
TI  - Electrophysiologic cardiac function before and after surgery in children with
      atrioventricular canal.
AB  - Thirty-two children with atrioventricular (AV) canal underwent electrophysiologic
      studies: 18 underwent preoperative studies at a median age of 3 years (range 6
      months to 16 years); 14 underwent postoperative studies at a median age of 4
      years (range 2 to 19); and 2 underwent both preoperative and postoperative
      matched studies. In the preoperative group the following abnormalities were
      observed: first-degree AV block in 5 patients (due to internodal conduction delay
      in 1, AV nodal conduction delay in 2 and normal intracardiac intervals in 2);
      internodal conduction delay but normal PR interval in 4; and disease of the sinus
      node in only 1. In the postoperative group the following abnormalities were
      observed: first-degree AV block in 9 (due to AV nodal conduction delay in 2, His
      Purkinje system conduction delay in 1, upper normal intracardiac intervals in 3
      and unidentified in 3); prolongation of the right ventricular apical activation
      time in 11 of 13 with right bundle branch block; abnormal sinus node function in
      3; and abnormal AV nodal function in 4 (1 of whom had associated sinus node
      disease). Atrial and ventricular functions were normal in all preoperative and
      postoperative patients. Electrophysiologic dysfunction is rare in preoperative
      patients with AV canal; in postoperative patients electrophysiologic
      abnormalities occur in 38% and involve the sinus and AV nodes in 19 and 25%,
      respectively.

PMID- 3706167
TI  - Radionuclide measurement of right ventricular function in atrial septal defect,
      ventricular septal defect and complete transposition of the great arteries.
AB  - Right ventricular (RV) function was assessed in 80 patients with congenital heart
      disease by first-pass and gated equilibrium radionuclide angiography. In 30
      patients with a ventricular septal defect (VSD) the mean RV ejection fraction (+/
      standard deviation) was 64 +/- 7%. In 30 patients with a secundum atrial septal
      defect it was 61 +/- 9% and in 20 patients with surgically corrected complete
      transposition of the great arteries it was 49 +/- 13%. These values are in close
      agreement with values established with cineangiography for similar groups of
      patients. The mean ejection fraction in the group with transposition of the great
      arteries was significantly less than in the group with VSD (p less than 0.001).
      Phase analysis of the equilibrium studies showed that there was delayed RV
      contraction in many patients in the absence of conduction abnormalities. This
      delay was significantly greater in patients with atrial septal defect than in
      those with VSD (p less than 0.05). There was a strong correlation between size of
      left-to-right shunt and phase delay in patients with VSD (r = -0.72). Thus, first
      pass gated radionuclide angiography provides a valid measurement of RV ejection
      fraction, and delayed RV contraction on phase analysis may be a sensitive index
      of early RV dysfunction.

PMID- 3706168
TI  - Usefulness of noninvasive studies for diagnosis of right ventricular dysplasia.
AB  - The value and limitations of echocardiography and cardiac scintigraphy in the
      diagnosis of right ventricular (RV) dysplasia were assessed. Criteria that
      defined RV dysfunction were developed first using data from 40 normal subjects.
      The sensitivity and specificity of these criteria to detect RV dysplasia were
      then determined in 44 patients suspected of having RV dysplasia. In these
      patients the presence (14 patients) or absence (30 patients) of RV dysplasia had
      been established using cardiac catheterization data, which included contrast RV
      cineangiograms. Mean RV end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters, and RV/left
      ventricular (LV) ratios of end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters and end
      diastolic and end-systolic volumes were greater in patients with RV dysplasia (p
      less than 0.001). Using cardiac scintigraphy, all patients with RV dysplasia were
      identified by an RV/LV end-systolic volume greater than 1.8; exercise RV ejection
      fraction less than 50%; or exercise RV wall motion score more than 1. Using
      echocardiography, RV contraction abnormalities were seen in 80% of patients with
      RV dysplasia. The specificities, even in this selected population, were less than
      100%. Thus, normal echocardiographic and scintigraphic results can be used
      instead of RV contrast cineangiography to exclude the diagnosis of RV dysplasia.

PMID- 3706169
TI  - Electrocardiographic criteria for tricyclic antidepressant cardiotoxicity.
AB  - To determine if electrocardiographic findings characterize tricyclic
      antidepressant (TCA) overdose and cardiotoxicity, 25 patients suspected of taking
      an overdose of TCA were studied. Toxicologic assays for a TCA were positive in 11
      patients (+TCA, n = 11). Toxicologic study results for a TCA were negative in 14
      patients (-TCA, control subjects). Patients with positive TCA results (+TCA) had
      a significantly greater heart rate (117 +/- 23 vs 100 +/- 22 beats/min, p less
      than 0.05), QRS duration (103 +/- 15 vs 87 +/- 10 ms, p less than 0.005) and
      corrected QT interval (449 +/- 38 vs 418 +/- 36 ms, p less than 0.05) than
      control patients (-TCA) on admission. Patients with positive TCA results also had
      a more rightward terminal 40-ms frontal plane QRS vector (195 +/- 51 degrees vs
      54 +/- 64 degrees, p less than 0.001) than control patients. This observation has
      not been previously reported. A terminal QRS vector of 130 degrees to 270 degrees
      accurately discriminated between -TCA and +TCA patients (positive and negative
      predictive value = 1.00). Counterclockwise rotation (normalization) of the
      terminal frontal plane QRS vector was noted in +TCA patients during
      hospitalization. All +TCA patients had a sinus tachycardia, a corrected QT
      interval 418 ms or longer, and a terminal QRS vector between 130 degrees and 270
      degrees. Using these values as selection criteria, a computer-aided search of
      15,064 electrocardiograms (ECGs) recorded in our emergency department was
      performed. The likelihood of encountering such an electrocardiographic pattern in
      this population was 1.0%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3706170
TI  - Concentration-dependent pharmacologic properties of sotalol.
AB  - Sotalol is a nonselective beta-receptor antagonist that prolongs action potential
      duration and refractoriness in vitro at higher concentrations than those
      associated with heart rate slowing. To determine if this additional action can be
      expressed in humans, 17 patients with chronic stable ventricular premature
      complexes were studied. Each patient was hospitalized and arrhythmia frequency
      was quantified during a 48-hour drug-free baseline and during every third day of
      therapy with increasing incremental sotalol dosages. The dosages were 160, 320,
      640 and 960 mg/day, administered in 1 or 2 doses. An index of action potential
      duration, the rate-corrected QT (QTc), was measured using serial 12-lead
      electrocardiograms on the third day of each dosage at presumed steady state and
      the degree of beta-receptor blockade was assessed by the reduction of the maximal
      exercise-induced heart rate. Of the 17 patients, 11 had an antiarrhythmic
      response (70 to 100% reduction in VPCs), at a wide range of plasma concentrations
      (340 to 3,440 ng/ml). The responders to sotalol included 8 patients in whom
      therapy with conventional beta-receptor antagonists had failed. In the group as a
      whole, the concentration associated with significant QTc prolongation (2,550
      ng/ml) was greater than that associated with 50% reduction of the maximal slowing
      in heart rate (804 ng/ml). Sotalol was generally well tolerated, but in 1
      nonresponder torsades de pointes developed 3 hours after the first 640-mg dose at
      a plasma sotalol concentration well within the concentration range measured in
      other patients. Sotalol's repolarization-prolonging actions are seen at higher
      concentrations than those associated with heart rate slowing and may contribute
      to its clinical effects.

PMID- 3706171
TI  - Influence of the site of stimulation on atrioventricular nodal refractory periods
      and the effect of verapamil.
AB  - The refractory periods of the atrioventricular (AV) node appear dependent on the
      pattern of AV nodal input. In 21 superfused AV rabbit heart preparations
      stimulated from each of the 2 principal input regions, crista terminalis or
      atrial septum, the effect of changing the site of stimulation of the AV nodal
      refractoriness and the relative effect of verapamil on AV nodal refractoriness
      was determined. In 6 of 21 preparations the functional AV refractory curve became
      discontinuous only when stimulation was applied at the atrial septum and
      suggested dual AV nodal pathways (dual pathways group). In the 15 other
      preparations no interruption of the curve occurred with either crista terminalis
      or atrial septal stimulation (normal conduction group). In the normal conduction
      group, the difference in the effective refractory period of the AV node obtained
      by crista terminalis vs atrial septal stimulation was not significant (154 +/- 25
      vs 150 +/- 28 ms). However, the functional refractory period was significantly
      longer with crista terminalis vs atrial septal stimulation (232 +/- 19 vs 239 +/-
      19 ms, p less than 0.001). After verapamil administration, the effective and
      functional refractory periods during crista terminalis vs atrial septal
      stimulation were prolonged to 270 +/- 49 vs 285 +/- 55 ms (p less than 0.01) and
      335 +/- 43 vs 351 +/- 41 ms (p less than 0.001), respectively. Thus, the
      difference in refractory periods associated with changing the stimulation site
      was exaggerated with verapamil.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3706172
TI  - Cardiovascular dangers of cocaine abuse.

PMID- 3706173
TI  - The UCLA Adult Congenital Heart Disease Program.

PMID- 3706174
TI  - Multiple aneurysms of the coronary arteries as the cause of sudden death in
      childhood.

PMID- 3706175
TI  - Influence of cardiopulmonary bypass on internal cardiac defibrillation.

PMID- 3706176
TI  - Pulsed Doppler echocardiographic assessment, including use of aortic leaflet
      separation, of cardiac output in children with structural heart disease.

PMID- 3706177
TI  - Echocardiographic diagnosis of right aortic arch with a retroesophageal segment
      and left descending aorta.

PMID- 3706178
TI  - Massive tricuspid regurgitation caused by intramyocardial hydatid cyst.

PMID- 3706179
TI  - Comparison of thermodilution and indocyanine green dye in low cardiac output or
      left-sided regurgitation.

PMID- 3706180
TI  - "Absence" versus "atresia" in valvular congenital heart disease.

PMID- 3706181
TI  - Left ventricular function in coronary heart disease with and without angina
      pectoris.

PMID- 3706182
TI  - Surgery for univentricular atrioventricular connection ("single ventricle")

PMID- 3706183
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of cell surface antigens labeled with colloidal
      gold.
AB  - A method is described and discussed that permits the specific labeling of the
      surface of prefixed cells with the colloidal gold marker viewed with the scanning
      electron microscope. Its value depends exclusively on the use of backscattered
      electron imaging. Its advantages include the possibility of preserving the
      surface features of the labeled cells, the ease with which specificity can be
      established, the possibility of making total counts of the labeled surface
      antigenic sites, and the possibility of achieving distinct labeling for two
      different antigens expressed on the surface of the same cell.

PMID- 3706184
TI  - Incremental growth tables: supplementary to previously published charts.
AB  - Serial data from 818 normal white American children from the Fels Longitudinal
      Study have been used to construct tables of 6-mo increments for weight (0 to 18
      yr), stature (3.0 to 18 yr), head circumference, and recumbent length (0 to 3
      yr). The tables supplement previously published incremental growth charts. The
      attained growth status of these children has been shown to be very close to that
      displayed in the National Center for Health Statistics tables at all ages, and
      secular trends in the data have been shown to be minimal. Consequently, the
      present tables should be widely applicable for some time in the future.
      Guidelines for the use of the tables and interpretation of findings are
      presented.

PMID- 3706185
TI  - Genotype-controlled changes in body composition and fat morphology following
      overfeeding in twins.
AB  - This study investigated the effects of overfeeding on the body composition and
      fat morphology characteristics of 6 pairs of male monozygotic twins. Each
      participant was submitted to a 22-day overfeeding period, supplemented by an
      additional 1000 kcal/day. Significant changes were observed in body composition
      and fat morphology as shown by increases in body weight, fat mass, sum of 9
      skinfolds, and fat cell diameter. Significant within-pair resemblance for
      absolute changes was observed for body weight, percent body fat, fat mass, sum of
      skinfolds, trunk skinfolds, and extremity skinfolds, suggesting a role for the
      genotype in determining the sensitivity of the response to an energy surplus.
      Significant within-pair resemblance was noted for the biceps, triceps, and thigh
      with less resemblance noted in the subscapular, abdomen, suprailiac, calf,
      axillary, and chest sites, suggesting a variation in genotype dependency for
      subcutaneous fat. The results suggest that changes in body fat following short
      term overfeeding appear to have a genetic basis.

PMID- 3706186
TI  - Absorption of individual fatty acids from long chain or medium chain
      triglycerides in very small infants.
AB  - Using stool samples previously obtained for a nutritional balance study of very
      small infants, the intake, excretion, and percent absorption (%A) of individual
      fatty acids were quantitated by gas-liquid chromatography in two groups of
      patients; one receiving a formula providing fat as long chain triglycerides
      (LCT), the other providing 40% fat as medium chain triglyceride (MCT). The total
      fat intake for each group was 7.22 g/kg/day (MCT group), 6.02 g/kg/day (LCT
      group) and the absorption was 6.79 g/kg/day (MCT group) and 5.41 g/kg/day (LCT
      group). The %A of individual acids was comparable in both groups being greater
      than 99% for MCT and being lowest (62%) for C18:0 FA. As a consequence, infants
      in the MCT-fed group had a better total %A of fat, 95.2 vs 89.9% and absorbed
      more fat than the LCT group.

PMID- 3706187
TI  - Altered body fat distribution in patients with glucocorticoid treatment and in
      patients on long-term dialysis.
AB  - Fat distribution was assessed by computed tomography in normal volunteers (n =
      42), patients on long-term dialysis (n = 18), and patients on glucocorticoids
      [renal transplant patients (n = 49), other diseases (n = 17)]. Patients on
      glucocorticoids had higher mediastinal (deep) and identical or increased
      posterior cervical, buccal, and midthigh (superficial) fat areas when compared
      with normal subjects. The pattern of fat distribution in dialysis patients
      mimicked the distribution observed in patients taking glucocorticoids. Healthy
      females had higher ratios of superficial to deep fat than healthy male subjects.
      Patients on prednisone or on dialysis lost this sex-associated difference in fat
      distribution. Since patients on prednisone exhibit increased or normal thigh fat
      depots in the presence of increased mediastinal fat, the current concept that
      glucocorticoids induce redistribution of body fat from peripheral to central fat
      compartments has to be revised. Furthermore, disease states and/or
      glucocorticoids abrogate sex-associated differences in body fat distribution.

PMID- 3706188
TI  - Valine kinetics at graded valine intakes in young men.
AB  - Twelve young men, six subjects in each group studied in two phases, participated
      in an experiment to explore the relationships between valine intake, plasma
      valine concentrations, and valine kinetics, using 1-[13C]valine as a tracer.
      Below a valine intake of about 20 mg.kg-1.day-1 plasma valine concentrations
      reached a low and relatively constant level. The rate of valine oxidation fell
      with the decline in the intake of amino acid. Below valine intakes of 16 mg.kg
      1.day-1, the mean daily rate of oxidation was estimated to be generally higher
      than the intake level, implying a negative valine balance during the 24 h day.
      These findings indicate that an intake of 10 mg valine kg-1.day-1 would not be
      adequate to maintain protein nutritional status. Our results are discussed in
      relation to the currently accepted 1973 FAO/WHO value of 10 mg.kg-1.day-1 as
      being the upper range of the valine requirement in healthy adult humans.

PMID- 3706189
TI  - Vitamin B6 utilization in active and inactive young men.
AB  - Two groups (22-37 yr) were studied to investigate the use of vitamin B6 with
      exercise. Four trained men (T) were confined and studied after they ran 10 and 5
      miles/day, for two 4-wk periods. They were compared with six free-living inactive
      men (S) consuming the same diet that provided 4.2 mg of vitamin B6 each day. N
      acetyl-L-methionine, was given (60 mg/kg) as a Vitamin B6 challenge on day 28 of
      each period, and 24-h urinary 4-pyridoxic acid (4-PA) and methionine metabolites
      were determined before and after the challenge. Basal 4-PA excretion was
      significantly lower (p less than or equal to 0.05) in T than in S. In T,
      postmethionine 4-PA was greater than basal, while in S, postmethionine 4-PA was
      lower. Compared with prechallenge, postchallenge metabolites decreased in T and
      increased in S. Basal 4-PA excretion provides no conclusive evidence of increased
      need for vitamin B6 in athletes: the postload excretion suggests that exercise
      may promote storage of the vitamin that is available for redistribution with
      increased need.

PMID- 3706190
TI  - Effect of oral vitamin B6 supplementation on in vitro platelet aggregation.
AB  - A randomized, double-blind study was conducted with 12 healthy adult males to
      determine the effects of oral pyridoxine supplementation on in vitro platelet
      aggregation. Following a 4-wk baseline period, half the subjects received 100
      mg/day of pyridoxine X HCl while the remaining subjects received a placebo for 6
      wk. In vitro platelet responses to ADP and collagen and the plasma pyridoxal 5'
      phosphate (PLP) concentrations were measured at biweekly intervals. Plasma PLP
      concentrations increased significantly (p less than 0.001) for those receiving
      the vitamin B6 compared to baseline values or compared to those receiving the
      placebo. However, there was no significant effect of increased levels of plasma
      PLP on collagen-stimulated platelet aggregation and only a slight effect on ADP
      stimulated aggregation. Acute administration of 100 mg pyridoxine X HCl failed to
      alter the in vitro response of platelets to either ADP or collagen. Reevaluation
      of conclusions based solely on in vitro studies suggesting the use of pyridoxine
      as an effective in vivo antithrombotic agent may be warranted.

PMID- 3706191
TI  - Analysis of data from a complex sample: the Health Examination Surveys.

PMID- 3706192
TI  - The effect of phosphorus on endogenous fecal calcium excretion in man.
AB  - The effect of phosphorus on the endogenous fecal calcium excretion was
      investigated in man by administering tracer doses of 47Ca intravenously in
      control studies and during phosphorus supplementation. The phosphorus intake was
      approximately 800 mg/day in control studies and 2000 mg during phosphorus
      supplementation of the constant diet. The studies were carried out during
      different calcium intake levels of approximately 200, 800, 1300, 2000, and 2600
      mg/day. Following the dose of 47CaCl2, the values of the plasma levels, urinary,
      and fecal excretions of 47Ca were used to calculate the endogenous fecal calcium.
      None of these values differed significantly during phosphorus supplementation
      from those in corresponding control studies, irrespective of the calcium intake.
      During addition of phosphorus to the different calcium intakes, a consistent
      finding was a significant decrease of the urinary calcium and a slight, but not
      significant increase of the fecal calcium except during the 800 mg calcium
      intake.

PMID- 3706193
TI  - Vitamin A status of young children in Southern Brazil.
AB  - A comprehensive survey was carried out to assess the vitamin A status of
      preschool children of poor migrant families in the periurban population of
      Ribeirao Preto, a typical agricultural town in the sugarcane and coffee region of
      the State of Sao Paulo in Southern Brazil. The intake of vitamin A and
      carotenoids from the rice and bean based diet of these children is considered low
      and appears to influence blood concentrations and liver reserves of this vitamin.
      With respect to plasma vitamin A, 1.8% of the children had a deficient level
      (less than 10 micrograms%), whereas 48.8% of the children had a low level (less
      than 20 micrograms%). Most children with inadequate plasma vitamin A (less than
      20 micrograms%) responded positively to a massive dose of 200,000 IU vitamin A,
      suggesting that these children may be at risk of having low liver stores of
      vitamin A. Rose Bengal staining test and rapid dark adaptation time did not
      indicate definite signs of conjunctival xerosis and night blindness among these
      children. No ocular evidence of hypovitaminosis A was found in the children
      studied, but marginal or inadequate vitamin A status appears to be a common
      public health problem among young children in this region of Brazil.

PMID- 3706194
TI  - Intrauterine trophoblast in ectopic pregnancies.

PMID- 3706195
TI  - Analysis of the relationships of the ploidy and cell cycle kinetics to
      differentiation and the female sex steroid hormone receptors in adenocarcinoma of
      the endometrium.
AB  - Flow cytometry was used to evaluate proliferative activity and ploidy status in
      21 endometrial adenocarcinomas. These data were compared with their histologic
      and nuclear grades and their estrogen and progesterone receptor contents.
      Proliferative activity was significantly related to histologic and nuclear grades
      and the progesterone receptor status but not to the estrogen receptor status.
      Unlike the majority of solid human malignant neoplasms, only seven tumors were
      aneuploid, the remainder being diploid. Ploidy was not significantly associated
      with either grading system, receptor status, or the proliferative index.

PMID- 3706196
TI  - Lectin binding to normal, dysplastic, and neoplastic cervical epithelium.
AB  - Avidin-biotin-peroxidase labeling technic was used to localize the binding sites
      of Concanavalin agglutinin (Con A), Ricinus communis (RCA-I), Ulex europaeus (UEA
      I), and Limus flafus (LFA) in the cervical epithelia afflicted with condyloma (2
      cases), moderate dysplasia (6), severe dysplasia (3), carcinoma in situ (9),
      squamous cell carcinoma (18), adenosquamous carcinoma (2), adenocarcinoma (1),
      and glassy cell carcinoma (1). Normal squamous epithelium displayed binding sites
      predominantly located on the cellular membranes for all the tested lectins except
      UEA. Normal glandular epithelium showed cytoplasmic localization of the lectins.
      Neoplastic transformation of squamous epithelium was associated with an increased
      intensity of the reaction and the appearance of the binding sites in the
      cytoplasm. UEA binding has changed from negative in normal epithelium to
      moderately positive in dysplasia and strongly positive in carcinoma. Invasive
      squamous carcinomas demonstrated an extremely variable pattern of lectin binding,
      some with very high intensity, allowing easy recognition of malignant cells even
      in minute metastatic foci.

PMID- 3706198
TI  - Removal of the femoral head at autopsy.

PMID- 3706197
TI  - Microangiitis in lupus-induced pulmonary hemorrhage.
AB  - The authors describe four patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and
      massive pulmonary hemorrhage in whom open-lung biopsies showed a distinctive
      small-vessel vasculitis. This lesion is characterized by acute inflammation and
      necrosis involving capillaries, arterioles, and small muscular arteries and is
      termed microangiitis to reflect the small size of the affected vessels. The
      involvement of capillaries is manifested by an infiltrate of necrotic neutrophils
      within alveolar septa often associated with destruction of the alveolar wall.
      This capillaritis was present in all cases, while involvement of arterioles and
      small arteries was seen in three. Immunofluorescence and electron microscopy
      demonstrated immune complexes in only two. The finding of acute microangiitis in
      a lung biopsy from a patient with pulmonary hemorrhage should suggest the
      diagnosis of SLE, and it may be a more reliable diagnostic feature than the
      demonstration of immune complexes.

PMID- 3706200
TI  - Quantitative urine culture in patients with urinary tract infection and
      bacteremia.
AB  - A study was made of quantitative urine cultures in bacteremic patients with
      urinary tract infection as the only identifiable source. These patients represent
      the most serious form of urinary tract infection and should be recognized as
      significant by the criteria used for interpreting quantitative urine cultures. In
      83 patients, 15 (18%) had quantitative urine counts less than 10(5) colony
      forming units (CFU)/mL. Ten (12%) had counts between 10(4) and 10(5) CFU/mL. The
      incidence of patients with less than 10(4) CFU/mL (5%) is probably a low estimate
      because of the urine culture methods used, and this requires further study. The
      results of this study support the view that significant urinary infections may be
      associated with quantitative urine counts of less than 10(5) CFU/mL.

PMID- 3706199
TI  - Studies in stinging insect hypersensitivity: postmortem demonstration of
      antivenom IgE antibody in possible sting-related sudden death.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to extend previous findings of elevated antivenom
      IgE antibodies in sera from persons experiencing fatal insect sting reactions.
      Elevated IgE antibodies to at least one venom were measured in sera from four of
      six witnessed fatal cases of sting anaphylaxis; in one of two unwitnessed cases
      of sudden, unexpected death in which the circumstances suggested possible sting
      anaphylaxis; and in one unwitnessed death where autopsy findings of massive
      swelling of the pharynx and larynx suggested anaphylaxis. Conversely, no elevated
      IgE antibodies were measured in serum from a boy who received more than 40 yellow
      jacket stings with subsequent cardiopulmonary arrest, from which he was
      successfully resuscitated. Measurement of IgE antibodies in postmortem sera may
      not only provide confirmatory evidence of fatal anaphylaxis following witnessed
      insect stings, but also may provide useful additional data in unwitnessed deaths
      where the clinical history or autopsy findings suggest unexplained anaphylaxis.

PMID- 3706201
TI  - Adenomas arising in Barrett's esophagus.
AB  - Three cases of the unusual esophageal adenoma are described. The patients
      included two men and one woman, with a mean age of 61 years, who presented with
      dysphagia or heartburn. Histologically, the esophageal adenomas were composed of
      dysplastic epithelium in a polypoid configuration, similar to adenomas elsewhere
      in the gastrointestinal tract. All three adenomas arose within Barrett's
      esophagus (columnar epithelium-lined distal esophagus), and dysplastic Barrett's
      mucosa was found in the adjacent mucosa of each case. Critical review of the
      literature identified three additional cases; similar clinicopathologic features
      were described. Esophageal adenomas are a complication of Barrett's esophagus and
      are best considered as macroscopic variants of epithelial dysplasia rather than
      as isolated adenomatous polyps. As such, they likely represent premalignant
      lesions.

PMID- 3706202
TI  - Circulating anticoagulant to animal plasmas in a cardiac patient.
AB  - A circulating anticoagulant against bovine, equine, guinea pig, and sheep plasmas
      developed in a 15-year-old cardiac patient. He had been exposed to both bovine
      and porcine heparin over a period of 13 years, and had a porcine valve placed
      four years before the anticoagulant was noted. There was no anticoagulant
      activity detected against human, rat, or porcine plasma, and an equivocal
      reaction against rabbit plasma. There was no apparent clinical significance to
      the anticoagulant. It did, however, confuse the interpretation of coagulation
      factor assays based on animal substrate plasmas.

PMID- 3706204
TI  - Phagocytic myeloma cells.

PMID- 3706203
TI  - Non-01 Vibrio cholerae bacteremia--complication of a LeVeen shunt.
AB  - Vibrio cholerae bacteremia occurred in a patient with cirrhosis after placement
      of a LeVeen shunt. At the time of bacteremia, cultures of peritoneal fluid were
      negative and fluid dynamics did not suggest spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.
      Despite apparent successful treatment of the bacteremia, relapse and death
      occurred with culture positivity of peritoneal fluid for V. cholerae.
      Simultaneously, blood cultures were positive for Klebsiella pneumoniae.
      Agglutination studies demonstrated the V. cholerae to be a non-01 strain.
      Insertion of a LeVeen shunt, which bypasses the hepatic clearance mechanisms,
      appeared to have allowed bacteremia to occur with this bacterium that is rarely
      isolated from blood. In patients with LeVeen shunts, bacteremia with noninvasive
      pathogens may occur, and in coastal areas, Vibrios should be considered when
      bacteremia occurs.

PMID- 3706205
TI  - Need for proper controls for touch imprints of spleens.

PMID- 3706206
TI  - Liposarcoma. An ultrastructural study of 15 cases.
AB  - Fifteen liposarcomas from 13 patients were examined by electron microscopy. These
      included nine primary tumors, four recurrent tumors after primary surgery or
      irradiation, and two metastatic lesions. Twelve of the liposarcomas were located
      in the thigh, and 11 were of the myxoid variety. All neoplasms were composed of
      cells having the ultrastructural characteristics of some stage of lipoblastic
      differentiation, i.e., lipid droplets, micropinocytotic vesicles, glycogen,
      external lamina, intermediate filaments, Golgi apparatuses, rough and smooth
      endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria. The nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio and
      nuclear pleomorphism were related inversely to the size and number of lipid
      droplets. Lipoblasts were frequently in close association with capillaries and
      pericytes, and in four cases lipid droplets were found in pericytes.
      Multivacuolated, mitochondria-rich lipoblasts, resembling brown fat cells, also
      were seen. Most tumors contained lipid-free, poorly differentiated mesenchymal
      cells that showed a continuum of morphologic differentiation to cells that
      closely resembled early lipoblasts that contained nonmembrane-bound lipid
      vacuoles. Fibrolipoblasts, cells containing lipid droplets and abundant rough
      endoplasmic reticulum, were observed only in well-differentiated liposarcomas.
      Some soft tissue sarcomas contain vacuolated cells that simulate lipoblasts by
      light microscopy but prove to be reactive or malignant fibroblasts, histiocytes,
      or smooth muscle cells ultrastructurally. Therefore, use of electron microscopy
      may be necessary to establish the line of differentiation in these neoplasms.

PMID- 3706207
TI  - Evaluation of methodologic variables of the in vitro lymphocyte transformation
      assay.
AB  - Optimum methodologic variables for assessing cellular immunity by in vitro
      lymphocyte transformation (LT) were determined using spherulin and coccidioidin
      antigens. This study was conducted in an area endemic for coccidioidomycosis and
      included healthy, coccidioidomycosis skin test positive (STP) and negative (STN)
      subjects, and patients with mild, acute disease. The authors examined the
      relationship between coccidioidin (1:100) and spherulin (low dose) skin test
      reactivity and lymphocyte transformation (LT) responses to the same antigens.
      Counts per minute (CPM) and stimulation index (SI) as methods of expressing
      tritiated thymidine uptake were compared. The LT assays were set up in duplicate
      test systems using autologous and homologous plasma. Both antigens differentiated
      between STP and STN groups (P less than or equal to 0.001-0.004), but values
      obtained with spherulin-induced LT were greater than those using coccidioidin (P
      less than 0.001). Values in CPM and SI were greater in the spherulin-induced LT
      assay using autologous compared with AB plasma. Specifically, for detecting
      cellular immunity to coccidioidomycosis, the combination of spherulin-induced LT
      using autologous plasma and expressing the results in CPM gave the best
      discrimination between STP and STN subjects. Based on epidemiologic data, the
      latter method also appeared more sensitive than the skin test in detecting
      cellular immunity to coccidioidomycosis. In general, these data illustrate the
      variable effectiveness of different antigens for inducing LT responses and
      further show how different plasma sources affect the LT response. Finally, these
      data suggest that lymphocyte blast transformation results expressed as CPM may
      give more consistent values and better discrimination between immune and
      nonimmune subjects than results expressed as stimulation indices.

PMID- 3706208
TI  - Discrimination between iron deficiency and heterozygous beta-thalassemia in
      children.
AB  - The authors studied 119 children with microcytic anemia who were selected by lack
      of response to a month's treatment with oral iron. Family studies and retesting
      after further treatment with iron were done in all cases to ensure accurate
      diagnosis. Seventy-five cases of beta-thalassemia minor (BTM) and 40 cases of
      iron deficiency were identified. In all 75 cases of BTM, at least one parent had
      a mean cell volume (MCV) less than 79 microns. In 35 of 40 children with iron
      deficiency, the MCV of both parents was normal. In contrast, Hb A2 was normal in
      15% (11 of 75) of children with BTM, until they received additional treatment
      with oral iron. The authors conclude that in children with microcytic anemia
      unresponsive to a month's treatment with oral iron, the MCV of the parents is
      superior to Hb A2 in discriminating between iron deficiency and heterozygous beta
      thalassemia. Repeated testing after additional treatment with oral iron may be
      needed to ensure accurate diagnosis.

PMID- 3706209
TI  - Preserved blood versus patient data for quality control--Bull's algorithm
      revisited.
AB  - A comparison of the Bull's algorithm (XB) for quality control with a system based
      on analysis of preserved blood suggested that the preserved blood approach was
      the more sensitive method. However, the procedures compared were not equivalent.
      Four control blood samples analyzed by a multirule Shewhart approach were
      compared with a single XB result. Consequently, a reexamination of the relative
      sensitivities of the two methods was undertaken with a multirule Shewhart
      approach applied to both methods. On this basis, both methods have equivalent
      sensitivity. Once the XB mean reflects the shifted mean (and at all times with a
      drifting mean), either the XB algorithm or the analysis of preserved blood will
      detect systematic errors with similar probability using similar control rules.

PMID- 3706210
TI  - Spindle and histiocytoid (epithelioid) hemangioendothelioma. Primary in lymph
      node.
AB  - A 52-year-old woman presented with a solid spindle cell primary tumor of the
      lymph node. On light microscopic examination, mitoses and cellular atypia were
      absent. Electron-microscopic studies showed endothelial cell differentiation.
      Intracytoplasmic localization of Factor VIII-related antigen was demonstrated by
      the immunoperoxidase method, which confirmed the endothelial origin of the tumor.
      Seven-and-a-half years after the resection of this tumor, the patient is alive
      with no evidence of disease.

PMID- 3706211
TI  - Intervertebral diskitis caused by Kingella kingae.
AB  - A case of childhood intervertebral diskitis caused by Kingella kingae is
      presented. In a review of the literature, the authors found 33 reported cases of
      infection caused by species of the Kingella genus, of which 29 were due to K.
      kingae. Of the 33 cases, 42% represented bacterial endocarditis and 48% bone and
      joint infection. Of the 16 bone and joint infections, 11 represented septic
      arthritis, 3 osteomyelitis, and 2 intervertebral diskitis, the latter finding
      making the authors' case of K. kingae intervertebral diskitis the third to be
      reported. A review of the bacteriologic findings in cases of childhood
      intervertebral diskitis indicates a prominent role for fastidious microorganisms
      and the need for careful attention to specimen procurement and microbiologic
      processing.

PMID- 3706212
TI  - Bias in platelet count on analyzers calibrated to 4C-Plus or S-Cal?

PMID- 3706213
TI  - Bleeding disorder associated with albumin-dependent partial deficiency in
      platelet thromboxane production.

PMID- 3706214
TI  - Reed-Sternberg-like cells in Richter's syndrome express granulocytic-associated
      antigen (Leu-M1)

PMID- 3706215
TI  - On the possible causes for acute changes in iron metabolism following myocardial
      infarction.

PMID- 3706216
TI  - Cerebral toxoplasmosis.

PMID- 3706217
TI  - Tour de force not very threatening to technicians.

PMID- 3706218
TI  - Arthritis in chickenpox.

PMID- 3706220
TI  - Intact survival rates in nearly drowned, comatose children.

PMID- 3706219
TI  - Inapparent intravenous procaine.

PMID- 3706221
TI  - Radial head subluxation.

PMID- 3706222
TI  - Intracranial hemorrhage in patients with sickle cell disease.

PMID- 3706223
TI  - Race, breast milk, and vitamin D.

PMID- 3706224
TI  - Whooping cough.

PMID- 3706225
TI  - Pertussis agglutinogen: an immunogen and an allergen.

PMID- 3706226
TI  - Escalator injuries.

PMID- 3706227
TI  - Now read this: the SI units are here.

PMID- 3706228
TI  - Too little water has become too much. The changing epidemiology of water balance
      and convulsions in infant diarrhea.

PMID- 3706229
TI  - Parental rights and obligations of the unwed adolescent father.
AB  - Health care professionals dealing with teenage parents should be aware of the
      rights and responsibilities of teenage parents to their children. This article
      discusses the constitutional rights of unwed fathers, including adolescent
      fathers, the process of paternity determination including the right to counsel,
      the role of the guardian ad litem, the use of laboratory testing to establish
      paternity, and the statute of limitations for paternity actions. The federal
      program for child support enforcement and the financial obligations of the
      adolescent father are described. The legal rights of the father in custody
      disputes are outlined. The importance of health professionals being involved with
      the paternity adjudication process and being well informed of the legal rights
      and responsibilities of teenage parents have not received sufficient emphasis in
      the past.

PMID- 3706230
TI  - Sodium homeostasis in infants with biliary drainage procedures.
AB  - We studied biliary excretion of sodium and chloride in 17 infants with external
      bile drainage through a "biliostomy" and describe four additional children who
      became ill from sodium depletion following external biliary drainage procedures
      for biliary tract anomalies. In the 17 infants, the mean +/- SD bile sodium
      concentration was 122 +/- 15 mEq/L. The mean +/- SD serum sodium concentration
      was low (132 +/- 7 mEq/L) (normal, 138 to 145 mEq/L). The mean +/- SD bile volume
      was 388 +/- 317 mL/day at one year following surgery (range, 40 to 1,000 mL/day).
      In the four children, clinical manifestations of sodium depletion (lethargy,
      anorexia, dehydration, and malnutrition) necessitated hospital admission. At that
      time, the serum sodium concentration ranged from 109 to 129 mEq/L, and the
      simultaneous urinary sodium concentration ranged from 0 to 5 mEq/L. Although
      dietary sodium was normal, biliary losses exceeded dietary intake, resulting in
      salt and water depletion despite renal conservation. Children with biliary
      drainage procedures are at risk for sodium depletion and should be monitored
      closely and supplemented accordingly until biliostomy closure is performed.

PMID- 3706231
TI  - The status of research in ambulatory pediatrics.
AB  - To investigate the status of clinical research in ambulatory pediatrics and to
      characterize those environments that produce the most research activities and
      receive funding for research, a questionnaire survey was undertaken of all
      ambulatory pediatrics programs in the United States and Canada (N = 143). Our
      response rate was 68%. We found that divisions of ambulatory pediatrics that
      conduct clinical research have more faculty with formal research training,
      faculty with more time devoted to research endeavors, a designated research
      coordinator, research funding, and regular research seminars. Divisions of
      ambulatory pediatrics that have funding for research have more faculty with
      formal research training, fellows, a designated research coordinator, and regular
      research seminars. Funding for research is a more influential factor in producing
      clinical research than the number of faculty members in the division. The most
      frequently mentioned barrier to doing research was lack of time. Divisions of
      ambulatory pediatrics must continue to stress formal research training, faculty
      time set aside for research, and skills in grant writing if they hope to compete
      for academic recognition in the years ahead.

PMID- 3706232
TI  - Risk of primary infection and reinfection with respiratory syncytial virus.
AB  - Respiratory syncytial virus is the most important cause of serious lower
      respiratory tract infection in children. For children followed up from birth in
      the Houston Family Study, the infection rate was 68.8/100 children less than 12
      months of age and 82.6/100 during the second year of life. Virtually all children
      had been infected at least once by 24 months of age, and about one half had
      experienced two infections. Although lower respiratory tract disease (LRD) was
      common (22.4/100 during year 1 and 13.0/100 during year 2), most children had
      only one LRD illness. The risk of reinfection was inversely related to the level
      of neutralizing antibodies in the serum. Reinfection illnesses were generally
      mild, and risk of reinfection decreased to only 33.3/100 during year 4. Studies
      of children with LRD and surveys of hospitalizations provide the basis for an
      estimate of the number of children hospitalized each year during the respiratory
      syncytial virus epidemics. Almost 100,000 children in the United States
      experience an illness of sufficient severity to require hospitalization.

PMID- 3706233
TI  - Home monitor follow-up of persistent apnea and bradycardia in preterm infants.
AB  - We reviewed our experience with home monitor observations of 83 preterm infants
      (postconceptional age, 36 to 44 weeks) who had persistent apnea, bradycardia, or
      cyanosis. Polygraphic recordings before discharge showed that 92% of these
      infants had cardiorespiratory abnormalities that included prolonged (greater than
      20 s) apnea, excessive periodic breathing (greater than 15%), bradycardia
      (greater than 80 beats per minute), feeding hypoxemia, or elevated carbon dioxide
      values. At home, 70 infants had either no alarms or alarms that resolved
      spontaneously, while 13 (16%) had more serious episodes that required parental
      intervention, including mouth-to-mouth ventilation in one infant. While
      polygraphic studies were helpful in documenting specific cardiorespiratory
      abnormalities, neither these abnormalities nor the clinical characteristics of
      the infants identified those infants experiencing subsequent home monitor alarms
      requiring parental intervention. Our data suggest that some preterm infants with
      persistent episodes of apnea, bradycardia, and cyanosis beyond 36 weeks of
      postconceptional age remain at risk for future serious episodes for several
      months.

PMID- 3706234
TI  - Central diabetes insipidus. 22 years' experience.
AB  - The etiology of diabetes insipidus (DI) was determined in 73 children evaluated
      from 1962 through 1983. Intracranial tumors produced DI in 34 children, but 27 of
      these 34 children developed DI only after excision of the tumor. Diabetes
      insipidus occurred in ten children with intracranial birth defects, eight with
      severe central nervous system infections, and six with histiocytosis. Six had
      other causes. No etiology was detected in nine. Division of the cases into two
      time periods (1962 through 1972 and 1973 through 1983) revealed a decrease in the
      frequency of idiopathic DI (26.7% to 8.6%), an increase in the frequency of
      intracranial birth defects (0% to 17.3%), and an increase in the frequency of
      severe central nervous system infections (0% to 13.8%). Significant changes in
      therapy for DI have occurred during these 22 years. Use of desmopressin acetate
      has facilitated treatment of this complex management problem.

PMID- 3706235
TI  - Relationship of somatomedin-C concentration to bone age in boys with
      constitutional delay of growth.
AB  - Serum somatomedin-C (Sm-C) levels increase sharply during puberty, leading to
      difficulty in the interpretation of Sm-C values obtained from children who
      exhibit a discrepancy between chronological age (CA) and pubertal development. To
      evaluate the utility of assessing Sm-C levels on the basis of bone age (BA), we
      measured serum Sm-C levels in 44 boys with constitutional delay of growth (CDG).
      Levels of Sm-C were compared with the normative data of the Nichols Institute
      Reference Laboratories (NIRL), Los Angeles, by age category, substituting BA for
      CA. We found the mean Sm-C level in boys with CDG to be lower than that for NIRL
      normal subjects in each age category for both CA and BA, but the regression curve
      for Sm-C levels based on BA more closely approximated the NIRL regression curve
      than did the curve based on CA. The rise in Sm-C levels observed in NIRL normal
      subjects between CA 13 to 14 years is delayed in boys with CDG until CA 15 to 17
      years only when a correction for BA is not made. We conclude that in boys with
      CDG, Sm-C levels should be interpreted on the basis of BA rather than CA,
      especially during the peripubertal period. The observation of blunted Sm-C levels
      in all age categories, even when BA was used, suggests that short children with
      presumed CDG may be at high risk for a "nonclassic" form of growth hormone
      deficiency.

PMID- 3706236
TI  - Testicular feminization syndrome.

PMID- 3706237
TI  - Gastric outlet obstruction in chronic granulomatous disease of childhood.
AB  - A patient was diagnosed with gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) 17 months after the
      neonatal diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). Gastric outlet
      obstruction was the first clinical manifestation of CGD in this patient. Twenty
      three percent of the 17 patients with GOO complicating CGD described in the
      literature were found to present with GOO before any other clinical
      manifestations of CGD. The diagnosis of GOO can be established by ultrasound and,
      if necessary, upper gastrointestinal roentgenogram or gastroscopy. A nonsurgical
      approach to management is suggested. The diagnosis of CGD should be considered in
      an infant or child who has GOO.

PMID- 3706238
TI  - Outcome following cardiopulmonary resuscitation in severe pediatric near
      drowning.
AB  - Between April 1979 and September 1984, 66 children were admitted to the intensive
      care unit (ICU) at Childrens Hospital of Los Angeles after a severe near-drowning
      episode. Each patient required full cardiopulmonary resuscitation and had an
      initial Glasgow coma score (GCS) of 3 in a referring emergency room. Patients
      were reclassified according to results of a neurologic examination (GCS) on
      arrival in the ICU. The overall results showed 16 patients (24%) with apparently
      intact survival, 17 patients (26%) with vegetative survival, and 33 deaths (50%).
      No patient who arrived at the ICU with a GCS of 3 (flaccid) survived
      neurologically intact. Out of 37 such patients arriving in flaccid coma, 26
      patients died and 11 patients suffered severe brain damage. The majority of
      patients with GCS of less than 6 underwent intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring
      and aggressive therapy directed to control ICP. Despite adequate control of ICP
      and maintenance of cerebral perfusion pressure, 12 monitored patients survived in
      a vegetative neurologic state. The results justify aggressive emergency room
      resuscitation of severe pediatric near-drowning victims but suggest that cerebral
      resuscitative measures must be subjected to critical prospective evaluation.

PMID- 3706239
TI  - Postponed neonatal death in the premature infant.
AB  - Improved obstetrical and neonatal care has increased survival for many small
      premature infants. However, there remains a distinct group who die of
      complications later in infancy. The autopsy findings associated with these
      "postponed neonatal deaths" were the subject of our retrospective study of 18
      premature infants (mean estimated gestational age, 28.6 +/- 0.6 weeks) who
      survived from 4 weeks to 4 months of age (mean, 70 +/- 11 days). All 18 infants
      required prolonged artificial ventilatory support and parenteral nutrition. The
      major findings at autopsy were similar in all cases and included bronchopulmonary
      dysplasia, hepatic cholestasis and fibrosis, abnormalities of endochondral
      ossification, and diffuse cerebral gliosis and infarction. Infection was the most
      common cause of death, and most of the infants died with acute bronchopneumonia.
      These postponed neonatal deaths, while they do not appear in standard neonatal
      mortality statistics, represent a problem of concern.

PMID- 3706240
TI  - Fetal cystic hygroma and Turner's syndrome.
AB  - Large nuchal cystic hygromas were observed in five second-trimester aborted
      fetuses at autopsy. Two female fetuses with generalized edema were karyotyped as
      45,X. One of these was the twin of a 46,XX normal female sibling. The association
      of generalized edema with large nuchal cystic hygromas was seen only in these two
      fetuses and represents strong phenotypic evidence of Turner's syndrome. However,
      the absence of hydrops was not a reliable indicator of normal karyotype. One
      fetus without generalized edema was karyotyped as 47,XY, +21, inv(9). The
      remaining cases had normal karyotypes. Placental histology was not useful in
      discriminating monosomy X from other conditions, but placental tissue culture was
      important in obtaining a cytogenetic diagnosis. Karyotyping is recommended in all
      cases of fetal cystic hygroma.

PMID- 3706241
TI  - Risk factors for developing mild nutritional blindness in urban Bangladesh.
AB  - Mild vitamin A deficiency may be associated with increased morbidity and
      mortality among children in developing countries. A community-based case-control
      study was performed to determine risk factors for mild ophthalmologic
      manifestations of vitamin A deficiency in urban Bangladeshi children. Cases were
      identified in children less than 14 years of age with night blindness with or
      without other signs of mild xerophthalmia detected in a house-to-house survey.
      Controls were randomly selected neighbors who lacked subjective and objective
      ophthalmologic evidence of vitamin A deficiency. Demographic characteristics that
      were independently associated with vitamin A deficiency in a logistic model
      included male gender, greater age (mean, 6.1 years in children with cases and 2.8
      years in controls), and a greater number of children living with the family.
      After controlling for these demographic characteristics, poor intake of locally
      available vitamin A-rich foods, cessation of breast-feeding, and a recent history
      of protracted diarrhea remained associated with vitamin A deficiency. Maternal
      ignorance of prevention and control of vitamin A deficiency was also associated
      with increased risk. The results support programs that educate mothers to breast
      feed and to provide appropriate food supplements and suggest that clinicians
      caring for children with chronic diarrhea should initiate vitamin A
      supplementation.

PMID- 3706243
TI  - Dose-ranging in clinical trials: rationale and proposed use with placebo or
      positive controls.
AB  - Drugs are currently released for general use without substantial knowledge of
      their minimum and maximum effective dose and their dose-related side effects.
      There are several plausible explanations for this situation, but in some cases
      this has resulted in patients receiving larger than necessary or smaller than
      effective doses and experiencing adverse reactions. A concurrent problem with
      drug evaluation is the rising concern with the use of placebo controls and the
      growing pressure to utilize positive-control studies. Such studies have many
      problems, however, some of which are subtle but nonetheless counterproductive in
      terms of proving efficacy through rigorous scientific investigation. The use of
      dose-ranging in clinical trials provides more information regarding a drug's TI
      and can circumvent some of the problems of placebo- and positive-controlled
      studies. Thus, such dose-ranging studies should be a feature of the development
      of most new drugs.

PMID- 3706242
TI  - The effectiveness of benzoate in the management of seizures in nonketotic
      hyperglycinemia.
AB  - Patients with nonketotic hyperglycinemia generally have intractable seizures that
      are poorly responsive to anticonvulsant medication. No effective treatment has
      been consistently reported. In three patients with nonketotic hyperglycinemia,
      the oral administration of sodium benzoate in dosages designed to lower the
      cerebrospinal fluid concentration of glycine was followed by an abrupt change
      from frequent major seizures before treatment to no seizures, or only occasional
      minor ones, after treatment. This attenuation of seizures was associated with a
      decrease in the concentrations of glycine in both plasma and cerebrospinal fluid.
      There was no evident change in psychomotor development.

PMID- 3706244
TI  - The changing pattern of juvenile polyps.
AB  - The juvenile polyp, the most common tumor of the colon in children, is considered
      to be benign with no potential for malignancy. This review reveals a changing
      spectrum of findings; 53% of the patients have multiple polyps and 60% of the
      polyps are found proximal to the sigmoid colon. Recent data suggesting that
      juvenile polyps have a potential for malignancy are discussed. A diagnostic and
      therapeutic approach is proposed based on advances which have occurred in
      diagnostic and therapeutic colonoscopy in the past decade.

PMID- 3706245
TI  - Elevated levels of immunoglobulins and immune complexes in the bile of patients
      with primary sclerosing cholangitis.
AB  - The concentration of immunoglobulins and immune complexes was determined in the
      serum and bile of four patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis, only one of
      whom had chronic ulcerative colitis, and in four postcholecystectomy control
      patients. The result of the immunoglobulin studies demonstrated increased serum
      levels of IgM in primary sclerosing cholangitis as compared to control patients.
      The IgG, IgA, and IgM in bile were all significantly elevated as compared to
      controls (p = 0.02). Immune complexes in bile and serum were also determined in
      both groups by the C1q and conglutinin binding assays. Immune complexes in bile
      were elevated in three of four of the patients with primary sclerosing
      cholangitis. These findings further characterize primary sclerosing cholangitis
      in terms of biliary immunoglobulins and immune complexes but do not resolve
      whether these changes are an epiphenomenon or reflect a primary role of
      immunoglobulins and immune complexes in the pathogenesis of this disorder.

PMID- 3706246
TI  - The microscopic examination of bile in patients with biliary pain and negative
      imaging tests.
AB  - We describe a 5-yr retrospective analysis of the accuracy of the microscopic
      examination of bile in the detection of biliary tract disease in patients with
      episodic upper abdominal pain who had negative imaging procedures. In 182
      patients, 189 studies of bile were performed using duodenal intubation and
      sincalide stimulation for gallbladder contraction. The presence of cholesterol
      crystals, leukocytes (greater than or equal to 5/hpf) or the absence of "B" bile
      constituted a "positive" study. Bilirubinate sludge alone, was defined as
      "suspicious." Eighty-three patients underwent cholecystectomy. Among the
      acalculous patients who underwent cholecystectomy, 28/28 with bilirubinate sludge
      had symptomatic improvement as compared with the negative group of which only
      five of 10 improved (p less than 0.005). The sensitivity of this test for the
      presence of gallstones in these imaging-negative patients was 87%, while the
      specificity was 16%. We conclude that a single microscopic examination of bile
      cannot accurately predict the pathological findings or the presence of gallstones
      in image-negative patients with biliary pain. The presence of bilirubinate sludge
      may predict symptomatic improvement in those patients with acalculous gallbladder
      disease undergoing cholecystectomy.

PMID- 3706247
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach: report of three cases.
AB  - Three primary tumors of the stomach diagnosed as pure squamous cell carcinoma
      were reexamined with newly prepared multiple sections. In each tumor histological
      studies revealed minute areas of adenocarcinoma in addition to large areas of
      squamous cell carcinoma. This finding suggests that some gastric squamous cell
      carcinomas may be adenosquamous carcinomas with a predominant squamous component.
      The pathogenesis of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach is discussed
      with respect to our observations and with due reference to the literature. The
      aggressive behavior of this tumor is also given attention.

PMID- 3706248
TI  - The diagnostic significance of sulfated acid mucin content in gastric intestinal
      metaplasia with early gastric cancer.
AB  - Specimens of fifteen surgically resected stomachs with early gastric cancer were
      histologically and histochemically examined using Alcian blue-periodic acid
      Schiff and high iron diamine--Alcian blue stains. Samples were taken from the
      tumor, from the gastric mucosa 3 cm from the edge, and from the resected margins.
      In all 15 stomachs colonic intestinal metaplastic changes were present in the
      tumor tissue, as well as in the adjacent 3 cm mucosa and in the distant resected
      margins. In all cases neutral mucin content was reduced, whereas acid nonsulfated
      mucin was increased as demonstrated by Alcian blue-periodic-acid Schiff staining.
      Furthermore, acid sulfated mucin was demonstrated by high iron diamine-Alcian
      blue staining in the superficial layer of the metaplastic mucosa adjacent to the
      cancerous lesion and in the tumor itself. Sparse foci were also found in the
      surgical margins. We suggest that the increased content of acid sulfated mucin
      and its distribution might serve as an early indicator of malignant potential of
      the metaplastic gastric mucosa.

PMID- 3706249
TI  - In vitro glycoprotein synthesis and secretion by gastric mucosal tissue of
      patients with gastritis.
AB  - Endoscopically obtained gastric antrum mucosal tissue of 50 patients was examined
      for inflammatory cellular infiltrations and cultured. The incorporation rates of
      3H-glucosamine into tissue and the secretion of 3H-labeled mucus were determined.
      The total glucosamine incorporated into tissue and secretions was found to be
      increased in mucosa from patients with histologically proven gastritis when
      compared to normal gastric mucosa. The differing time-dependent patterns of
      incorporation and secretion curves in patient groups with various forms of
      gastritis suggest the presence of various stimulating factors dependent on the
      histological pattern of inflammatory cellular infiltration. The possible
      modifying role of cellular and humoral factors associated with gastritis in the
      gastric mucus production is discussed.

PMID- 3706250
TI  - Estimation of serum pancreatic isoamylase: its role in the diagnosis of exocrine
      pancreatic insufficiency.
AB  - Using an inhibitor method, fasting levels of pancreatic isoamylase were measured
      in 46 healthy controls and in 218 patients undergoing a secretin-pancreozymin
      test for diagnostic purposes, and compared with immunoreactive trypsin (IRT).
      Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency was found in 82 of the patients. The
      specificity of both enzymes was high in patients with nonpancreatic diseases
      (pancreatic isoamylase: 98.5%, IRT: 96.3%). No patient with nonpancreatogenic
      steatorrhea had a low serum enzyme value. Sensitivity was, unfortunately, low in
      patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (pancreatic isoamylase: 45.1%,
      IRT: 41.5%) and increased only slightly when patients after an acute attack of
      the disease, or patients with pseudocysts or older than 60 were excluded
      (pancreatic isoamylase: 67.9%, IRT: 58.5%). Although highly specific, pancreatic
      isoamylase measurement is not sensitive enough to be used as a screening test for
      exocrine pancreatic insufficiency but may be used to determine the etiology of
      steatorrhea.

PMID- 3706251
TI  - The long and short of flexible sigmoidoscopy: does it matter?
AB  - Physicians performing fiberoptic sigmoidoscopy may choose between a 35 and 60 cm
      instrument. Confusion and dispute exist concerning the advantages of one over the
      other. In an effort to resolve this question, 100 consecutive symptomatic
      patients were examined in an outpatient sigmoidoscopy clinic. Both the Olympus
      OSF-30 and Olympus OSF-60 flexible sigmoidoscopes were used on each patient
      alternately. Mean examination time, patient tolerance, diagnostic findings,
      instrument cost, physician training time, and insertion length were recorded and
      compared. The longer scope detected five more polyps and 25 additional cases of
      diverticulosis which were located beyond the reach of the shorter scope. The
      increased number of findings with the longer scope was expected; however, the
      increased number of polyps was not statistically significant. The additional
      number of findings with the longer scope was expected and with increased number
      of examinations the increased number of polyps may prove to be statistically
      significant. Neither instrument can substitute for colonoscopy in the overall
      management of colorectal neoplasms. We conclude that with adequate training and
      cost control, either instrument can be used for screening proctosigmoidoscopy;
      but the trend suggests a greater number of polyps are detected with the longer
      instrument.

PMID- 3706252
TI  - Brucellosis: atypical presentation with abdominal pain.
AB  - A patient with an atypical presentation of brucellosis is reported. The principal
      complaints of fever and abdominal pain did not initially suggest this diagnosis
      although a careful social history revealed the patient to be at risk of
      developing this infrequently reported infection. The gastrointestinal and hepatic
      manifestations of brucellosis are reviewed.

PMID- 3706253
TI  - A case of carcinoma arising in the intrapancreatic terminal choledochus 12 years
      after primary excision of a giant choledochal cyst.
AB  - A 27-yr-old woman with carcinoma developing in the intrapancreatic terminal
      choledochus 12 yr after the initial excision of giant choledochal cyst with Roux
      en-Y hepaticojejunostomy is reported. Despite the generally accepted concept that
      the presence of bile is associated with malignancy in the remnant biliary ducts
      after excision of a choledochal cyst, this is the first report of a malignant
      growth developing in the terminal choledochus which had been free from the bile
      exposure long after the excision of the choledochal cyst. Long-term follow-up of
      the patient is advisable even after operation for primary resection of the
      choledochal cyst.

PMID- 3706254
TI  - Leiomyomatosis of the colon and mesentery: report of a case.
AB  - A case of leiomyomatosis of the colon and mesentery in a 35-yr-old man with
      several noninvalidating congenital malformations and multiple intracranial
      meningiomas is presented. The leiomyomatosis had been asymptomatic until 2 months
      before death, even though the lesions suggest a congenital disorder affecting the
      musculature of the bowel wall.

PMID- 3706255
TI  - Defects of the broad ligament of the uterus.
AB  - A case of intestinal obstruction resulting from passage of the entire small bowel
      and cecum and its mesentery through a fenestration in the broad ligament of the
      uterus is presented. A review of the literature reveals that broad ligament
      defects may occur in multiple locations, which may be responsible for intestinal
      obstruction. A simple classification of broad ligament defects is proposed. Type
      1 defects occur caudal to the round ligament of the uterus. Type 2 defects occur
      above the round ligament. Type 3 defects occur between the round ligament and the
      remainder of the broad ligament, through the meso-ligamentum teres.

PMID- 3706256
TI  - Combination drugs in gastroenterology.

PMID- 3706257
TI  - All juvenile polyps are not benign.

PMID- 3706258
TI  - Squamous carcinoma of the stomach: a rarity or an evolving problem?

PMID- 3706259
TI  - Esophageal acid-clearance and motility after endoscopic sclerotherapy of
      esophageal varices.
AB  - To investigate the possible mechanisms which may lead to esophageal strictures
      after endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy, we performed esophageal motility and
      acid-clearance studies before and after 24 sclerotherapy sessions in 10 patients.
      Comparing studies before and after sclerotherapy, we found: a 93% mean increase
      in the number of swallows required to clear a standard amount of administered
      acid 24 h after sclerotherapy. Acid clearance returned to baseline within 1 wk of
      sclerotherapy; minimal changes in esophageal motility, none of which was
      significant except for swallow-induced simultaneous contractions in the distal
      esophagus which were a prominent feature in manometric recordings within 24 h of
      sclerotherapy; no increase in acid reflux from the stomach. We conclude that acid
      clearance from the distal esophagus is markedly delayed for at least 24 h by
      sclerotherapy but that this defect in acid clearance is transient, lasting no
      more than 1 wk. The importance of this observation remains to be demonstrated,
      but it is consistent with the concept that acid-induced injury contributes to the
      formation of post-sclerotherapy strictures.

PMID- 3706260
TI  - Esophageal function in chronic alcoholics.
AB  - We determined whether there are abnormalities in esophageal motility or acid
      clearance in chronic alcoholics since alterations in these parameters have been
      implicated in the pathogenesis of esophagitis after chronic ingestion of ethanol.
      In addition to esophageal manometry, we also performed acid-clearance studies and
      examined salivary output, acid-neutralizing capacity, and bicarbonate
      concentration. We found an increased lower esophageal sphincter pressure which
      reverted to normal after withdrawal from ethanol. Except for a significantly
      larger number of tertiary contractions, no other abnormality of esophageal
      motility was found. Salivary flow, acid-neutralizing capacity, and bicarbonate
      concentration were not significantly different from that in control subjects.
      However, in contrast to findings in controls, there was no correlation between
      salivary bicarbonate concentration and acid-neutralizing capacity in the
      alcoholics. Our results indicate that chronic ethanol ingestion alters some
      aspects of esophageal function and salivary composition but that these
      alterations are unlikely to explain the increased risk of esophagitis in
      alcoholics.

PMID- 3706261
TI  - Nonspecific jejunitis--a challenging problem in children.
AB  - An acute enteric infection with the pathological feature of a severe necrotising
      jejunitis is an uncommon condition which mainly affects young people. It is
      characterized by severe abdominal pain of acute onset, copious bilious vomiting,
      and foul smelling loose stools containing blood. Exploration revealed varying
      degree of ischemic changes in the small bowel (mainly the upper jejunum) ranging
      from mucosal ulceration to frank gangrene of the bowel. The exact etiology is not
      known; the condition may be due to toxins produced by gram-negative bacilli or
      due to a localized allergic reaction. The disease had a progressive but self
      limiting course. Mortality is around 40% and considerable morbidity continuing
      for 2-3 wk. Presentation bears similarity to Darmbrand of Germany, Pig-bel of New
      Guinea, and ischemic enteritis of Thailand.

PMID- 3706262
TI  - Coagulant, fibrinolytic, and aggregating activity in ascitic fluid.
AB  - Ascitic fluid samples from 14 subjects with liver cirrhosis and from 13 patients
      with malignancy were investigated. Activated FX was present in ascitic fluid in
      small quantities with a mean value of 8.7 10(-3) IU/ml. The mean thrombin
      activity was 70.8 10(-3) IU/ml and the mean plasmin activity was 449.6 10(-3)
      CU/ml. High levels of fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (mean 75.4
      micrograms/ml) and of antithrombin III (mean 43.4%) were found. No statistically
      significant differences between values in liver cirrhosis and in malignancy were
      found. In 15 of 17 experiments 10-fold concentrated ascitic fluid caused
      irreversible platelet aggregation and [14C] serotonin release of normal platelet
      rich plasma similar to collagen. The aggregating effect disappeared after
      addition of collagenase. These results do not support the concept that the
      coagulopathy after peritoneovenous shunting is a result of direct and rapid
      intravenous infusion of procoagulant substances. They rather point to a central
      role of collagen present in ascitic fluid.

PMID- 3706263
TI  - Serum thyroid hormone, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and
      triiodothyronine/thyroxine ratio in patients with fulminant, acute, and chronic
      hepatitis.
AB  - The concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), T3/T4 ratio, free
      thyroxine index, and thyroxine-binding globulin were investigated in 114 viral
      hepatic disease patients and 36 controls. The T3/T4 ratio in healthy hepatitis B
      virus carriers was significantly greater than those in the controls and
      fulminant, acute, or chronic active hepatitis patients. The T3/T4 ratio in the
      fulminant hepatitis patients was significantly less than those in the controls
      and other liver disease patients. The correlation coefficient between the T3/T4
      ratio and microsomal arylamidase activity in liver tissue from 30 patients was
      0.78 (p less than 0.001). The correlation coefficient between the T3/T4 ratio and
      the content of cholinesterase was 0.64 (p less than 0.001). These results suggest
      that the T3/T4 ratio represents a marker of microsomal function and is useful for
      estimation of prognosis of fulminant hepatitis or differentiation of various
      viral hepatic diseases.

PMID- 3706264
TI  - AIDS and multiple system involvement with cryptosporidium.

PMID- 3706265
TI  - Gastritis cystica profunda.
AB  - Benign gastric pseudotumor, gastritis cystica profunda, possess malignant
      histological features but functionally behave benignly. The case reported herein
      is illustrative of this entity, but in contrast to previous reports developed
      without an antecedent history of gastric surgery. A cumulative experience with
      this entity suggests that it represents a manifestation of a spectrum of
      hyperplastic and metaplastic responses to mucosal injury.

PMID- 3706266
TI  - Cryptosporidiosis of the stomach.
AB  - A patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome who developed symptoms of
      partial gastric outlet obstruction during the course of a severe diarrheal
      illness due to cryptosporidiosis is presented. Endoscopic evaluation of the
      stomach revealed an inflamed pyloric ring and channel with clinical evidence
      suggestive of partial outlet obstruction. The finding of cryptosporidial
      organisms on biopsy of the pylorus highlights the potential for diffuse
      gastrointestinal involvement by this parasite and offers an alternative
      explanation for the symptoms of nausea and vomiting associated with the diarrheal
      illness.

PMID- 3706267
TI  - Malignant Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: remission of primary and metastatic
      pancreatic tumor after gastrectomy: report of a case and review of the
      literature.
AB  - A patient with documented metastatic islet cell carcinoma of the pancreas and
      Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, with regression of tumor after total gastrectomy is
      described. Pertinent similar cases are summarized further suggesting that
      gastrectomy may have a role in the management of the tumorous as well as the acid
      secretory features of this disease.

PMID- 3706268
TI  - Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the diagnosis and management of
      postcholecystectomy cystic duct leaks.
AB  - Two patients with postcholecystectomy cystic duct leaks are presented. Both
      patients were symptomatic and septic in the postoperative period. After
      endoscopic biliary decompression, the biliocutaneous fistulae closed rapidly, and
      rapid resolution of symptoms was achieved.

PMID- 3706269
TI  - Small intestine amyloidosis producing a stippled punctate mucosal pattern:
      radiological-pathological correlation.
AB  - A case of small intestinal amyloidosis that has a myriad punctate mucosal relief
      pattern of minute filling defects and barium flecks is presented with
      pathological correlation. Amyloidosis is added to the differential diagnosis of
      this radiographic small bowel appearance.

PMID- 3706270
TI  - Hypereosinophilia, ulcerative colitis, sclerosing cholangitis, and bile duct
      carcinoma.
AB  - A case of ulcerative colitis and pericholangitis-sclerosing cholangitis bile duct
      carcinoma complex associated with hypereosinophilia and possibly the
      hypereosinophilic syndrome is reported, and the association of eosinophilia with
      various hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal diseases is discussed.
      Hypereosinophilia may foretell a more serious underlying condition such as bile
      duct carcinoma in some patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis.

PMID- 3706271
TI  - Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome--clinical, endoscopic, and histological spectrum.
AB  - Nineteen patients with solitary rectal ulcer syndrome are presented. The
      diagnosis was established on sigmoidoscopic and histopathological grounds; the
      clinical, endoscopic, and histological states were assessed at presentation and
      on last follow-up. Most of the patients suffered from rectal bleeding, abdominal
      and anorectal pains, constipation, and straining at defecation. Thirteen patients
      had macroscopic ulcerations on presentation and six patients did not. These six
      patients did not develop ulcer during the follow-up period. Four patients entered
      clinical and endoscopic remission with no histological improvement. Three of them
      managed conservatively and one underwent suturing of the ulcer and internal anal
      sphincter dilatation. They remained in remission for a mean follow-up of 1 yr.

PMID- 3706272
TI  - The AIDS epidemic in New York City, 1981-1984. New York City Department of Health
      AIDS Surveillance.
AB  - Since the epidemic of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was first
      recognized in 1981, New York City has had more cases and a higher incidence than
      any other city in the world. As of July 31, 1985, 4,133 cases had been reported
      to the New York City Department of Health, a cumulative incidence of 59 cases per
      100,000. The incidence of disease continues to increase with each year of the
      epidemic, with 28% more cases diagnosed and reported in the first six months of
      1985 (874 cases) than in a similar period of 1984 (680 cases). The authors
      examined surveillance data of the New York City Department of Health for 3,145
      AIDS cases for the period 1981-1984 and for which reporting has been completed.
      As in the rest of the United States, the groups most affected include homosexual
      or bisexual men who do not use intravenous drugs (1,761 cases (56%)) and male and
      female intravenous drug users (1,029 cases (33%)). The percentage of cases
      represented by intravenous drug users in New York City is higher than in the
      United States as a whole, and 79% of all intravenous users with AIDS have had
      residence in New York City. Major changes observed over the period 1981-1984
      include a decrease in the proportion of homosexual and bisexual men (63% to 56%);
      an increase in the proportion of intravenous drug users (13% to 29%); and the
      appearance of cases in three new groups at risk: children of parents in risk
      groups, transfusion recipients, and female sexual contacts of men in risk groups.
      The epidemic trends for the latter three groups appear to be similar to, but two
      years later than those seen for the epidemic in homosexual and bisexual men and
      intravenous drug users in New York City.

PMID- 3706273
TI  - Risk factors for wound infections after genitourinary reconstructive surgery.
AB  - In January through August 1983, eight children developed wound infections after
      they underwent genitourinary reconstructive surgery at one hospital. Cultures of
      purulent drainage yielded Pseudomonas aeruginosa in two cases, Streptococcus
      faecalis in one case, both S. faecalis and Staphylococcus epidermidis in one
      case, and S. faecalis and other Gram-negative rods in four cases. A study in
      which uninfected children who had had genitourinary reconstructive surgery were
      used as controls revealed that all cases and controls had received cephalosporin
      prophylaxis. Antibiograms revealed that all organisms were resistant to the
      cephalosporin antibiotics tested. Risk of infection was associated with shaving
      (p less than 0.001, Fisher's exact test) and exposure to one nurse (nurse X) (p =
      0.003, Fisher's exact test) and one surgeon (surgeon X) (p = 0.007, Fisher's
      exact test). Nurse X was the private scrub nurse for surgeon X; she was present
      only at operations surgeon X performed (p less than 0.001, Fisher's exact test)
      and had no reported or observed practices different from those of other surgical
      nurses. However, surgeon X had two practices that were notably different from
      those of other surgeons: 1) he used quaternary ammonium compounds,
      acetone/alcohol, and 1 per cent hexachlorophene for preoperative skin
      preparation; and 2) he prepared the operative site himself. In addition, he was
      observed to prepare the operative site by beginning centrally, moving
      peripherally, and returning to the central area with the same sponge. These
      findings suggested that the shaving of the operative site and the use of certain
      agents and/or different preparatory techniques may have contributed to increased
      risk of wound infections. These wound infections were caused by organisms
      resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic(s) used.

PMID- 3706274
TI  - Bladder cancer in young women.
AB  - The authors describe a population-based case-control study of cancer of the
      urinary bladder in New York State women aged 20-49 years (173 matched pairs) in
      1975-1980. Both known and suspected risk factors for bladder cancer were examined
      for these rare, early-onset female cases. The odds ratio (OR) for cigarette
      smoking was 2.4 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.5-4.0). Cases consumed more
      coffee per day than did controls (p less than 0.05). More cases than controls
      reported heavy use of drugs that contained phenacetin (OR = 6.5, 95% CI = 1.5
      59.2). In addition, more cases than controls reported that they had had a thyroid
      uptake procedure with radioactive iodine (iodine-131) (OR = 3.7, 95% CI = 1.4
      11.0). The odds ratios for these factors remained elevated after simultaneous
      adjustment with conditional logistic regression models. Consumption of artificial
      sweeteners, occupational history, bladder or kidney cancer in a first-degree
      relative, and a history of bladder infections were examined and found not to be
      risk factors for bladder cancer in this study.

PMID- 3706276
TI  - A Community-wide epidemic of hepatitis A in Ohio.
AB  - Between June 1, 1983 and August 30, 1984, an epidemic involving 313 cases of
      hepatitis A occurred in Muskingum County, Ohio. One hundred ninety-seven cases
      occurred in the city of Zanesville, with 34.7% of cases concentrated in two
      neighborhoods in the eastern part of the city. Case characteristics were similar
      to those reported in previous community-wide outbreaks, including a maximum
      attack rate among 5-9-year-olds and a very low attack rate in adults over 30
      years. Case households were larger, and their members were less educated than the
      mean for households in the city. Forty-eight per cent of the cases reported
      exposures to other cases which temporally could have been the source of
      infection. A case-control study failed to show differences in several behavioral
      factors between case and control households, but did confirm that lower
      socioeconomic status was a risk factor for the disease. Broad use of
      immunoglobulin was effective in preventing clinical disease among family
      contacts, but did not stop the outbreak. This outbreak typifies a genre of
      hepatitis A epidemic transmitted from person to person in which exact routes of
      spread are poorly understood and control is difficult. Lower socioeconomic status
      may be a marker for some unidentified behaviors that promote hepatitis A
      transmission.

PMID- 3706275
TI  - The risk of myocardial infarction 10 or more years after vasectomy in men under
      55 years of age.
AB  - To evaluate whether vasectomy is associated with a subsequent increase in the
      incidence of myocardial infarction 10 or more years after surgery and whether an
      effect is more pronounced in those already predisposed to a myocardial
      infarction, a hospital-based case-control study was carried out in men aged less
      than 55 years. The men were interviewed during 1980-1983 in 78 hospitals in
      Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New York. Among 2,238 men with
      first episodes of myocardial infarction, 332 (15%) had undergone vasectomy,
      compared with 572 (16%) of 3,361 controls. Vasectomy greater than or equal to 10
      years earlier was reported by 150 cases and 180 controls, to yield a multivariate
      relative risk estimate of 1.0 after allowance for potential confounding factors
      (95% confidence interval (Cl) = 0.8-1.3); for vasectomy greater than or equal to
      15 years before, based on 34 cases and 33 controls, the estimate was 1.1 (95% Cl
      = 0.7-2.0). In men predisposed to myocardial infarction because of more advanced
      age, cigarette smoking, elevated cholesterol level, hypertension, angina
      pectoris, or other risk factors, vasectomy did not appear to increase the risk
      further, even after intervals of greater than or equal to 10 years. The results
      provide evidence against an increased risk of myocardial infarction greater than
      or equal to 10 years after vasectomy overall and in those known to be predisposed
      because of other risk factors.

PMID- 3706277
TI  - Induced abortion and the chromosomal characteristics of subsequent miscarriages
      (spontaneous abortions).
AB  - Data from a case-control study of miscarriages (spontaneous abortions) were used
      to test whether single and multiple induced abortions are associated with
      miscarriage in subsequent euploid (chromosomally normal) pregnancies. Cases and
      controls were identified in three New York City hospitals between April 1974 and
      November 1982. It was hypothesized that, if induced abortion increased the risk
      of subsequent miscarriage, an association would be observed with euploid but not
      aneuploid (chromosomally abnormal) miscarriage. The frequencies of single and
      multiple induced abortions among euploid cases and aneuploid cases were compared
      with those among controls. Among both private and public patients, the proportion
      of women reporting a single induced abortion was similar in euploid cases and in
      aneuploid cases compared to controls. Among public patients only, the proportions
      reporting multiple induced abortions were also similar in euploid cases and in
      aneuploid cases compared to controls (odds ratios = 0.9 and 1.0, respectively).
      In contrast, among private patients, the proportion reporting multiple induced
      abortions was raised among euploid cases (odds ratio = 2.2, 95% confidence
      interval = 1.3-3.7), although not among aneuploid cases. This association was
      strongest when the first induced abortion was carried out before 1973, at a young
      age, or with a procedure other than suction curettage. In public patients, the
      associations with miscarriage did not vary with characteristics of the first
      induced abortion, but multiple induced abortion histories when the first two
      induced abortions occurred before 1973 were in excess among euploid cases
      compared to controls. These results suggest that, for both private and public
      patients, neither single nor multiple induced abortions as now performed are
      likely to increase the risk of miscarriage in subsequent pregnancies. They also
      suggest a mechanical origin for some miscarriages.

PMID- 3706278
TI  - Carotenoid intake, vegetables, and the risk of lung cancer among white men in New
      Jersey.
AB  - A population-based incident case-control study of lung cancer in white males was
      conducted during 1980-1981 in six high-risk areas in New Jersey. Interviews were
      completed for 763 cases and 900 controls. To assess whether dietary intake of
      carotenoids, preformed retinol, or total vitamin A influences the risk of lung
      cancer, the authors asked the respondents about the usual frequency of
      consumption, approximately four years earlier, of 44 food items which provide 83%
      of the vitamin A in the US diet and about the use of vitamin supplements. The men
      in the lowest quartile of carotenoid intake had a relative risk of 1.3 compared
      with those in the highest quartile after adjusting for smoking. No increase in
      risk was associated with low consumption of retinol or total vitamin A. Intake of
      vegetables, dark green vegetables, and dark yellow-orange vegetables showed
      stronger associations than did the carotenoid index; the smoking-adjusted risks
      of those in the lowest quartiles of consumption of these food groups reached
      relative risks of 1.4-1.5 compared with the risks of those in the highest
      quartiles. The protective effect of vegetables was limited to current and recent
      cigarette smokers; the smoking-adjusted relative risks for low consumers reached
      1.7, 1.8, and 2.2 compared with the risks for high consumers for vegetables, dark
      green vegetables, and dark yellow-orange vegetables, respectively. The reduction
      in risk with vegetable intake was most apparent for squamous cell carcinomas, but
      it extended to adenocarcinomas and most other cell types when only current and
      recent smokers were analyzed. This protection among current and recent smokers is
      consistent with the model that vegetable intake prevents a late-stage event of
      carcinogenesis. Consumption of dark yellow-orange vegetables was consistently
      more predictive of reduced risk than consumption of any other food group or the
      total carotenoid index, possibly because of the high content of beta-carotene
      relative to other carotenoids in this particular food group.

PMID- 3706280
TI  - Risk assessment for case-control subgroups by polychotomous logistic regression.
AB  - Case-control studies involving more than two disease and referent categories may
      be analyzed by means of polychotomous logistic regression, an extension of the
      usual dichotomous logistic regression model. Although the standard method still
      may be used to compare the several disease subgroups in pairs, the polychotomous
      approach is advantageous in that it allows simultaneous estimation of the disease
      specific parameters and direct hypothesis testing involving multiple disease
      categories. This is especially useful for assessing whether different disease
      types have different risk factors. The method is applied to a large case-control
      study of breast cancer involving three disease categories for which both
      categoric and continuous risk factors are considered. Substantive epidemiologic
      interpretation of polychotomous regression outputs is emphasized, as well as
      providing illustration of the practical aspects of the statistical method.

PMID- 3706279
TI  - Choriocarcinoma incidence in the United States.
AB  - To determine the incidence of choriocarcinoma in the United States, the authors
      examined data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)
      Program, 1973-1982, the National Center for Health Statistics, and the Centers
      for Disease Control. They calculated an overall incidence of one per 24,096
      pregnancies or one per 19,920 livebirths. Among whites, who comprised the
      majority of cases, the incidence was estimated to be one per 22,623 livebirths.
      After adjustment for age and birth effects, whites demonstrated the lowest rates,
      with blacks and other races at 2.1- and 1.8 fold elevated risk, respectively. The
      incidence among whites increased dramatically with maternal age, with women aged
      40-44 years at an 8.6-fold excess risk compared with those aged 20-24 years. In
      addition, teenagers who gave birth were at higher risk. Possible reasons for
      these incidence patterns are discussed.

PMID- 3706281
TI  - Re: "Hormonal and personal effects on estrogen receptors in breast cancer".

PMID- 3706282
TI  - Criticism and the growth of epidemiologic knowledge. (Re: "Popperian refutation
      in epidemiology".

PMID- 3706283
TI  - Re: "Measures of gain in certainty from a diagnostic test".

PMID- 3706284
TI  - The epidemiologist in court: some comments.

PMID- 3706285
TI  - Leukemia after radiotherapy for first primary cancers of various anatomic sites.
AB  - The authors conducted a case-control study designed to evaluate the association
      between radiotherapy for a first primary cancer and subsequent leukemia risk.
      Study subjects were selected from four tumor registries (California, Connecticut,
      Kansas, and Massachusetts). Cases were subjects with two primary cancers; the
      second cancer was a leukemia diagnosed one year or more after the diagnosis of
      the first primary cancer. Control subjects were patients with single cancers. Two
      control subjects were chosen for each case matched for tumor registry, site of
      the first primary cancer, date of diagnosis of the first primary cancer, age,
      sex, and duration of survival after the first primary cancer. Separate analyses
      were carried out for chronic lymphatic leukemia (166 cases) and all other
      leukemias (232 cases). The relative risk of chronic lymphatic leukemia after
      radiotherapy was 0.7 and did not differ significantly from unity. For all other
      leukemias, relative risks were 1.6 after radiotherapy for first primary cancers
      of all sites, 2.4 after radiotherapy to trunk sites, 2.2 after radiotherapy for
      breast cancer, and 10.3 after radiotherapy for cancer of the corpus uteri. These
      relative risks for leukemias other than chronic lymphatic leukemia all differed
      significantly from unity.

PMID- 3706286
TI  - Hypocellular bone marrow with increased blasts.
AB  - Twenty patients with hypocellular bone marrow and increased blasts (HBMIB) were
      reviewed. The median age was 60 years with a male:female ratio of 17:3. History
      of alcohol abuse was noted in 30%, potential exposure to toxic chemicals in 20%,
      second malignancies in 20%, and aplastic anemia in 25%. Pancytopenia with marrow
      hypocellularity and increased marrow blast cells were characteristic
      hematopathologic features. Marrow hypocellularity was moderate to severe (less
      than or equal to 25%) in over half of the cases and mild to moderate (greater
      than 25, less than or equal to 35%) in the remainder. Blast cells were the
      predominant cellular elements in the marrow displaying scanty to moderate amounts
      of cytoplasm, round to oval nuclei, and one or more nucleoli. Special stains were
      performed in 19 cases. Blast cells morphologically displayed myeloid features,
      but Sudan black B and/or peroxidase positivity was noted in only ten patients.
      The overall mortality was high, especially in patients undergoing chemotherapy.
      At 1 year follow-up, 11 patients had received chemotherapy and eight of these
      eleven were dead compared to three of nine patients dead in those not receiving
      chemotherapy. Only two patients developed "overt" leukemia evidenced by
      hypercellular marrow and over 30% blast cells in the peripheral blood. HBMIB is a
      distinct clinicopathologic entity characterized by severe marrow failure and a
      low response rate to chemotherapy.

PMID- 3706287
TI  - Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia with eosinophilic differentiation.
AB  - Four cases of de novo acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) with early
      eosinophilic differentiation are described. The clinical course did not differ
      from that of the usual forms of ANLL. Morphologic and cytochemical features that
      can support this diagnosis are discussed. Particularly, the cyanide-resistant
      peroxidase stain appeared to be a specific marker of eosinophilic
      differentiation. Acute eosinophilic leukemia is a distinct entity, and this
      unusual subtype of ANLL can be set apart from other forms of ANLL characterized
      by hypereosinophilia.

PMID- 3706288
TI  - Unbalanced 1;7 translocation and therapy-induced hematologic disorders: a
      possible relationship.
AB  - An identical chromosome abnormality, which appears to be derived from a 1;7
      translocation [+der(1),t(1;7)(p11;p11)], was observed in the bone marrow of 12
      patients with various hematologic disorders at the Mayo Clinic from 1980 to 1984.
      At the time of cytogenetic evaluation, nine of the patients had either a
      myeloproliferative disorder or a myelodysplastic syndrome, one had an acute
      leukemia, and two had treated multiple myeloma with no morphologic evidence of
      evolving myeloproliferative disease. Of the 11 patients for whom information
      about previous therapy was available, seven had a history of exposure to
      chemotherapy for a previous malignant disorder; we were unable to establish
      whether the remaining patient had had prior treatment. This study suggests a
      possible relationship between +der(1),t(1;7)(p11;p11) and some treatment-induced
      hematologic disorders. Such chromosome abnormalities may be the result of a
      reciprocal chromatid translocation and adjacent I segregation of a quadriradial
      configuration in metaphase.

PMID- 3706289
TI  - Marrow mass and distribution in murine skeletons cleaned by beetles as compared
      to cut up carcasses and a further simplification of the latter technique.
AB  - Distribution of 59Fe into various bone groups of the complete murine skeleton was
      studied using two methods of dividing up the bones: 1) our previously reported
      technique of simply cutting up a skinned, eviscerated carcass and 2) separating
      bones from skeletons cleaned of overlying tissue by beetles, Dermestes species.
      The total percentage of injected 59Fe recovered in the sum of all skeletal parts,
      the percentage of total skeletal 59Fe found in each bone group, and the overall
      accuracy of determining these values were quite similar for the two techniques.
      The only statistically significant difference shown was a modest decrease in the
      percentage of total skeletal iron found in ribs plus sternum plus cervical and
      thoracic spine in beetle-cleaned as compared to cut up groups and we would not
      consider this to be of biological significance. Cutting up carcasses is the
      simpler of the two techniques but there are circumstances in which beetle
      digestion would be advantageous. In addition, we collected data on the
      reproducibility and precision of determining the percentage of 59Fe injected
      which is found in a "pulled off" foreleg plus scapula and of the distribution of
      59Fe within three cut up pieces from the leg and within the scapula. These data
      can be used as a measure of overall changes in marrow mass and/or distribution,
      or at least they can be used as a screening procedure to detect such. This simple
      procedure adds potentially useful values for fully interpreting hematopoietic
      changes in the mouse.

PMID- 3706290
TI  - The effect of acute and chronic leukapheresis on the natural killer (NK) cell
      function of normal human volunteers.
AB  - Twenty-two normal volunteers had approximately eight, 2-hr-long leukapheresis
      procedures over a 2-year period and their natural killer (NK) cell function was
      prospectively measured. The NK activity of the preprocedure peripheral blood (pre
      PB) was found to correlate well with the NK activity of the inital leukocytes
      removed by leukapheresis (I-Leuk). When the I-Leuk specimens were compared with
      the leukapheresis specimens removed at the termination of leukapheresis (T-Leuk),
      T-Leuk showed a consistent 10% increase in NK activity. When the pre-PB and the I
      Leuk values were analyzed for each donor over the 2 years of the study, 18 donors
      revealed no significant change from their baseline NK activity, two donors showed
      a minimal increase in NK cell activity, and two donors displayed a minimal
      decrease in NK cell activity. We conclude that although leukapheresis appears
      acutely to boost NK cell activity, this increase is transient and small in
      magnitude. Most importantly, repeated leukapheresis does not appear adversely to
      effect this important effector function in normal donors.

PMID- 3706291
TI  - Trisomy 1q in polycythemia vera and its relation to disease transition.
AB  - Clinical and cytogenetic details of 12 patients with polycythemia vera and
      complete or partial trisomy of the long arm of chromosome 1 are reported. All
      patients had trisomy for at least the segments 1q22 to 1qter. The 1q or material
      from 1q was translocated to another chromosome in eight patients. This was
      chromosome 9 in four patients, and those cases all had trisomy also for 9p. The
      trisomy 1q was found at the time of diagnosis in three patients, later during the
      polycythemic phase in five, and in four patients when they were first examined
      during a late stage of the disease. Acute leukemia or a myelodysplastic syndrome
      developed in eight of the 12 patients. Signs of advanced disease, eg, myeloid
      metaplasia or myelofibrosis, preceded the leukemia in four cases and was noted in
      one more patient. Trisomy 1q was the most frequent structural chromosome
      abnormality in patients with polycythemia vera. It is thus one of several
      nonrandom abnormalities that can appear at any stage of the disease. It seems to
      occur with higher frequency in patients with myelofibrosis and/or leukemia, but
      it is not a specific characteristic of these complications.

PMID- 3706292
TI  - Two new glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) variants associated with
      hemolytic anemia: G6PD Amman-1 and G6PD Amman-2.
AB  - Two glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) variants were investigated. G6PD
      Amman-1 was partially purified from the red cells of a patient suffering from
      recurrent jaundice and spontaneous episodic attacks of severe hemolysis in the
      absence of oxidant drugs, infection, or fava beans. The enzymatic characteristics
      of G6PD Amman-1 were markedly reduced activity, fast eletrophoretic mobility,
      slightly increased km for NADP, normal km for G-6-P, normal heat stability,
      normal utilization of substrate analogues 2-deoxy G-6-P and deamino-NADP, and a
      monophasic pH curve with a peak at 8.5 to 9.3. The second variant, G6PD Amman-2,
      was partially purified from the red cells of a patient suffering from recurrent
      jaundice with episodic mild hemolysis caused by infection or unknown factors.
      G6PD Amman-2 characteristics were severely reduced activity, slow electrophoretic
      mobility, normal km for NADP, decreased km for G-6-P, decreased heat stability,
      increased utilization of substrate analogues, and a monophasic pH curve with a
      narrow peak at pH 9.5. The red cell level of reduced glutathione was markedly
      decreased with twofold increase in the activity of glutathione reductase in the
      patient with G6PD Amman-2.

PMID- 3706293
TI  - Primary amyloidosis (AL) in families.
AB  - We report the occurrence of immunoglobulin-related amyloidosis (AL) in three
      separate families, each family having two members affected. None of the six
      patients had evidence to suggest the presence of familial amyloidosis (AF).
      Previously, immunoglobulin-related amyloidosis (AL) was considered to be a
      sporadic disease process. Because of the occasional familial occurrence of other
      monoclonal gammopathies such as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined
      significance, multiple myeloma, and macroglobulinemia of Waldenstrom, amyloidosis
      (AL) should be added to the list of immunopathies with a familial predisposition.

PMID- 3706295
TI  - The clinical significance of proteinuria in patients with nonparasitic chyluria.
AB  - Five patients with heavy proteinuria and nonparasitic chyluria due to congenital
      abnormalities of the lymphatic system are described. Renal biopsies confirmed the
      clinical suspicion of an underlying glomerulonephritis. The coexistence of
      glomerulonephritis and chyluria in these patients was thought coincidental. Tests
      of value in detecting a concomitant glomerulonephritis in these patients with
      chyluria include urinary RBC morphology, quantitation of 24-hour urinary protein,
      and immunoelectrophoresis of serum and urinary proteins. Contrary to previous
      reports, the present study suggests that chyluria does not produce proteinuria of
      enough severity to cause hypoproteinemia.

PMID- 3706294
TI  - Effect of cytosine arabinoside on leukemic blast cell colonies.

PMID- 3706296
TI  - Splenic hypofunction in the nephrotic syndrome of childhood.
AB  - The reticuloendothelial system, including the spleen, subserves important
      immunologic functions. Loss of splenic function results in an increased incidence
      of severe bacterial infections and is accompanied by thrombocytosis. Several
      nephrotic children were noted to have remarkably high platelet counts and
      predisposition to bacterial infection with encapsulated organisms. We, therefore,
      investigated the splenic function of nine children with primary nephrotic
      syndrome and measured the phagocytic function of the spleen by sequestration of
      Technetium-99-labelled heat-treated autologous RBC, administered intravenously.
      Four children had decreased splenic function. Repeat studies performed in two of
      these children after remission of the nephrotic syndrome gave normal results.
      There were six episodes of bacterial infection (3 peritonitis, 1 septic
      arthritis, 1 cellulitis, and 1 Escherichia coli urinary tract infection) among
      the four patients with decreased splenic function. There were no episodes of
      bacterial infection among the five nephrotic children with normal splenic
      function. Nephrotic patients with decreased splenic function had significantly
      increased platelet counts (921,000 +/- 196,000; mean +/- SEM) compared to those
      with normal function (435,000 +/- 46,000; P less than 0.001). Our findings
      suggest the possibility that some nephrotic children may have decreased splenic
      function in association with increased susceptibility to bacterial infections.

PMID- 3706297
TI  - Immunosuppressive therapy and plasmapheresis in rapidly progressive
      glomerulonephritis associated with bacterial endocarditis.
AB  - A 25-year-old male presented with new cardiac murmurs and acute renal
      insufficiency. Blood cultures grew Streptococcus viridans and appropriate
      antibiotic therapy was initiated. A renal biopsy revealed diffuse proliferative
      glomerulonephritis with crescents involving more than 50% of the glomeruli.
      Treatment with antibiotics, plasmapheresis, and steroids resulted in renal
      recovery that paralleled reductions in circulating immune complexes. The
      rationale for this therapeutic approach is discussed, as well as a review of two
      similar case reports. These experiences suggest a possible role for
      plasmapheresis and immunosuppressive drugs in patients who develop rapidly
      progressive glomerulonephritis as a complication of bacterial endocarditis.

PMID- 3706298
TI  - Thrombotic arm edema as a complication of subclavian vein catheterization and
      arteriovenous fistula formation for hemodialysis.
AB  - We report a case of persistent tense edema of the upper extremity following the
      surgical creation of an arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis access. This was
      the result of poor venous return secondary to thrombosis of the subclavian vein.
      The thrombosis occurred after previous subclavian vein cannulation for
      hemodialysis.

PMID- 3706299
TI  - Utility of skin biopsy in the diagnosis of IgA nephropathy.

PMID- 3706301
TI  - A comparison of fragile X expression in lymphocyte and lymphoblastoid cultures.
AB  - This study compares fragile X expression in peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures
      with expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines established from 23 individuals from
      families in which the fragile X is segregating. Most patients expressed the
      fragile X in lymphoblastoid cell lines treated with FUdR under optimal conditions
      at approximately the same frequency as in peripheral blood cultures from the same
      individual. No fragile X cells were seen in the lymphoblastoid cell lines from
      three phenotypically normal males who had transmitted the fragile X gene to
      offspring or in the lines from three phenotypically normal obligate-carrier
      females, all of whom were also negative in peripheral blood cultures. Two
      individuals, however, who expressed at high levels in peripheral blood
      lymphocytes expressed in lymphoblastoid cells only at low levels or not at all.
      We describe the considerations needed for the consistent demonstration of the
      fragile X in lymphoblastoid cell lines.

PMID- 3706300
TI  - Genetic analysis of plasma sitosterol, apoprotein B, and lipoproteins in a large
      Amish pedigree with sitosterolemia.
AB  - We previously reported the finding of phytosterolemia, xanthomatosis, and
      hyperapobetalipoproteinemia (hyperapoB) in five siblings in a large Amish
      pedigree ascertained through a 13-year-old boy who died suddenly from advanced
      coronary atherosclerosis. Here, we present further analyses of the plasma levels
      of the plant sterol, sitosterol, of low density (beta) lipoprotein (LDL) sterol,
      and of LDL B protein. Of 254 relatives and spouses of the proband, 90.5% were
      examined. A series of genetic models were explored using a pedigree analysis
      where parameters reflecting frequency, transmission, and penetrance of putative
      genotypes were examined simultaneously using a maximum likelihood approach.
      Segregation analysis of the sitosterol levels showed that the phenotype of
      sitosterolemia was controlled by a rare autosomal recessive gene. There was also
      significant familial correlation in plasma sitosterol levels that was attributed
      to a polygenic component under a mixed model but could also be due to shared
      environments such as diets. The recessive model was supported by our finding that
      the plasma sitosterol levels in the parents and in six children born to three of
      the five sitosterolemics were less than 1 mg/dl, well within the normal range.
      The phenotype of hyperapoB is based on an elevated level of LDL B protein in the
      presence of a normal LDL cholesterol level (low LDL sterol to LDL B ratio). For
      both LDL sterol and LDL B, a polygenic model showed a slightly greater
      improvement in ln likelihood than did the Mendelian single locus model when both
      were compared to a sporadic model. Similar results were obtained for sterol
      levels of high density (alpha) lipoprotein (HDL) sterol. When segregation
      analysis was performed using the ratio of LDL sterol to LDL B, the Mendelian
      single locus model gave a slightly better fit to the data than did the polygenic
      model. While the analyses presented here provided unequivocal evidence for the
      recessive phenotype of phytosterolemia, we also identified a possible single gene
      factor that could account for the major portion of the strong familial
      aggregation in the ratio of LDL sterol to LDL B, and to a lesser extent LDL B.
      However, there is clear evidence of familial aggregation for these traits in this
      pedigree beyond that due to Mendelian components.

PMID- 3706302
TI  - The effects of a known family-size distribution on the estimation of genetic
      parameters.
AB  - We consider the question: In a segregation analysis, can knowledge of the family
      size distribution (FSD) in the population from which a sample is drawn improve
      the estimators of genetic parameters? In other words, should one incorporate the
      population FSD into a segregation analysis if one knows it? If so, then under
      what circumstances? And how much improvement may result? We examine the variance
      and bias of the maximum likelihood estimators both asymptotically and in finite
      samples. We consider Poisson and geometric FSDs, as well as a simple two-valued
      FSD in which all families in the population have either one or two children. We
      limit our study to a simple genetic model with truncate selection. We find that
      if the FSD is completely specified, then the asymptotic variance of the estimator
      may be reduced by as much as 5%-10%, especially when the FSD is heavily skewed
      toward small families. Results in small samples are less clear-cut. For some of
      the simple two-valued FSDs, the variance of the estimator in small samples of one
      and two-child families may actually be increased slightly when the FSD is
      included in the analysis. If one knows only the statistical form of the FSD, but
      not its parameter, then the estimator is improved only minutely. Our study also
      underlines the fact that results derived from asymptotic maximum likelihood
      theory do not necessarily hold in small samples. We conclude that in most
      practical applications it is not worth incorporating the FSD into a segregation
      analysis. However, this practice may be justified under special circumstances
      where the FSD is completely specified, without error, and the population consists
      overwhelmingly of small families.

PMID- 3706304
TI  - Some fallacious thinking about the paternity index.

PMID- 3706303
TI  - Improved methods of direct and cultured chromosome preparations from chorionic
      villous samples.
AB  - A new method is described for preparing direct mitotic chromosome spreads from
      chorionic villous samples, which has resulted in sufficiently high yields of well
      banded metaphases to permit a complete standard chromosomal diagnosis in 20 of 20
      cases. A method of establishing monolayer cultures from this material that can be
      harvested from 3 to 7 days after initiation is also presented.

PMID- 3706305
TI  - Bringing protection principles up to date.

PMID- 3706306
TI  - Estimation of exposure to Agent Orange and other defoliants among American troops
      in Vietnam: a methodological approach.
AB  - Two pivotal problems in determining whether exposure to herbicides has caused
      disease in Vietnam veterans or their offspring are definition of which troops
      were exposed and extent of exposure. The DoD HERBS tape is the most complete
      publicly available record of herbicide spraying in Vietnam. It contains about
      17,000 records consisting of coordinates of spray missions, dates, chemical
      agent, quantity and area sprayed, and mission purpose. We have developed a set of
      discrete and continuous indexes of probability of exposure to herbicides for
      individual veterans. These probability indexes are based on HERBS tape spray data
      and on locations and dates of service derived from a place-and-date matrix
      completed by the veteran. They can take into account a conservative estimate of
      environmental persistence of herbicide by using first-order exponential decay
      kinetics with an estimated half-life of dioxin. Mean values for the continuous
      exposure probability indexes were significantly greater among veterans judged to
      be exposed according to self-reported job titles and specific military
      experiences than among men judged unlikely to have been exposed. Probabilistic
      exposure indexes based on HERBS tape for classification of likely exposure to
      herbicides in South Vietnam during 1965-1971 appear to be well suited for
      comparative classification of veterans and hence for use in epidemiologic
      studies.

PMID- 3706307
TI  - Occupational exposure and regional variation of malignant mesothelioma in Norway,
      1970-79.
AB  - This investigation is based on a study of 117 men and 24 women with malignant
      mesothelioma registered by the Cancer Registry of Norway, 1970-79. The age
      adjusted incidence rate in men for each county varied from 1.7 to 13.3 per
      million per year. Eighty-two percent of the men revealed possible occupational
      asbestos exposure. They were evenly distributed between counties with high and
      low mesothelioma incidence. Only 17% of the women had possible occupational
      asbestos exposure. Total lung fiber concentration was analyzed with scanning
      electron microscopy in 65 men and 13 women. The median lung fiber concentration
      in men was 2.4 million per gram of dried tissue (range less than 0.4-490), in
      women 1.0 million per gram (range less than 0.4-41), and in male controls less
      than 0.4 million per gram (range less than 0.4-4.8). The median year of first
      exposure was 1937 (range 1909-60) for men from counties with a high incidence
      rate and 1945 (range 1938-59) for men from counties with a low incidence rate.
      The counties with a high compared to a low incidence rate of malignant
      mesothelioma, 1970-79, showed an apparent difference in the percentage of
      population employed in industry in 1946. The regional variation in the incidence
      of malignant mesothelioma in men is mainly attributable to the proportion of
      population exposed to asbestos in industry per county prior the 1950s and the
      time since exposure started.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3706308
TI  - Respiratory abnormalities among photographic developers: a report of three cases.
AB  - Photographic developing processes employ hazardous chemical substances, many with
      known adverse effects on the respiratory system. Three cases documenting
      respiratory symptoms and suggesting small airway abnormalities among photographic
      developers are reported. Work-related factors which might contribute to these
      findings, as well as public health implications, are discussed.

PMID- 3706309
TI  - A mortality study of employees at a synthetic rubber manufacturing plant.
AB  - A mortality follow-up study was conducted of workers employed at a synthetic
      rubber manufacturing plant in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Interest in the potential
      health effects of exposure to methyl chloride, one of the substances used in the
      manufacturing process, provided the impetus for this study. The study cohort
      consisted of 852 male process workers who had worked at least 1 month during the
      period from startup of operations in 1943 through December 31, 1978. Mortality
      from all causes was lower than expected when compared with the U.S. male
      population. No excess mortality from any specific cause of death was found in the
      study population after analysis by level and duration of exposure.

PMID- 3706310
TI  - Acquired intolerance to organic solvents and results of vestibular testing.
AB  - Among 160 consecutive patients referred to the Clinic of Occupational Medicine,
      Rigshospitalet, for symptoms connected with exposure to organic solvents, 20
      exhibited symptoms of acquired intolerance to minor amounts of organic solvents.
      Later, an additional 30 consecutive patients with symptoms of acquired
      intolerance were included, yielding a total of 43 men and 7 women. The
      characteristics of the clinical syndrome described are complaints of dizziness,
      nausea, and weakness after exposure to minimal solvent vapor concentrations.
      After having tolerated long-term occupational exposure to moderate or high air
      concentrations of various organic solvents, the patients became intolerant within
      a short period of time. Since dizziness was a frequent complaint, we tried to
      obtain a measure of the patients' complaints using vestibular tests. As a
      diagnostic test the combined vestibular tests had a sensitivity of 0.55 and a
      specificity of 0.87. No differences between patients with and without intolerance
      could be detected by the vestibular tests used. We conclude that acquired
      intolerance to organic solvents is a new but characteristic and easily
      recognizable syndrome, often with severe consequences for the patient's working
      ability.

PMID- 3706311
TI  - The in vitro cytotoxicity of asbestos fibers: I. P388D1 cells.
AB  - In this study, the cytotoxicity of 13 fibrous samples of known fiber number and
      dimensions has been established in P388D1 cells. The cells were exposed in vitro
      to dust concentrations of 10 or 50 micrograms/ml and, after incubation for 24 or
      48 hours, any changes in cellular viability, lactate dehydrogenase, and
      glucosaminidase levels were determined. In general, there was a close association
      between the reduction in cellular viability and the loss of intracellular enzymes
      induced by each dust, the chrysotile asbestos samples proving more cytotoxic than
      the amphiboles. The cytotoxicity of the fibrous dusts was shown to be related to
      the number of fibers greater than 8 micron in length in the samples.

PMID- 3706312
TI  - Effect of sample holding, cryopreservation, and storage on the human lymphocyte
      cytogenetic test.
AB  - In monitoring occupational populations with the human lymphocyte cytogenetic
      test, it is not always possible to collect and process matched samples on the
      same day, even though this would be desirable to control for technical variables.
      The effects of holding samples for 24 hours at 4 degrees C and 22 degrees C,
      freezing lymphocytes in dimethylsulfoxide at -180 degrees C, and keeping fixed
      cells for 6 days at 4 degrees C before slide-making were examined. Final cell
      count, mitotic index, percentage of cells in first division, percentage of cells
      with chromosomal aberrations, and sister chromatid exchange per cell were
      measured in paired cultures. A significant increase in the frequency of cells
      with chromatid breaks occurred after prolonged fixation, so all other results
      were obtained from freshly fixed cells. Although holding at 22 degrees C and
      cryopreservation had significant effects on the mitotic index and entry of
      lymphocytes into the cell division cycle, the cytogenetic endpoints were not
      affected by any of the sample manipulations. Thus, samples can be held at 4
      degrees C or 22 degrees C for 24 hours, or frozen lymphocytes can be stored for
      at least a week, without altering the cytogenetic endpoints.

PMID- 3706313
TI  - Pharmacy response to mandated budget reductions in an HMO community hospital.

PMID- 3706314
TI  - Selecting appropriate techniques for meta-analysis.

PMID- 3706315
TI  - Computer lessons relearned.

PMID- 3706316
TI  - Achieving excellence.
AB  - The concept of achieving excellence in pharmacy through development of effective
      leadership is discussed. The majority of hospital pharmacy directors have had
      very little education and training in management and effective leadership. Yet,
      excellent leadership skills will be needed to transform pharmacy more completely
      into a health profession. The management style most likely to be effective in
      this era of change is one that encompasses a high regard for both people and
      production through shared responsibility, high participation, involvement, and
      commitment. The following recommendations are offered to help achieve excellence
      through effective leadership: the ethic of self-development must be instilled in
      aspiring managers; courses in human behavior, leadership, and management should
      be added to undergraduate pharmacy curricula; pharmacy technicians should be
      educated in college-based programs that focus on drug distribution; Master of
      Science programs in hospital pharmacy should be deleted or restructured to focus
      on leadership and management; regional "centers for excellence" in leadership
      education should be developed; general residency training should be incorporated
      in undergraduate education so that more advanced residencies can be offered to
      graduates; high-level, self-study programs in management and leadership need to
      be developed, and substantial research funds need to be dedicated to the study of
      hospital pharmacy management.

PMID- 3706317
TI  - Controversies in antimicrobial therapy: formulary decisions on third-generation
      cephalosporins.
AB  - Factors affecting the admission of antimicrobial agents to hospital formularies
      are discussed, using third-generation cephalosporins as examples. Inappropriate
      antimicrobial therapy is costly in terms of wasted drugs, ineffective therapy,
      and drug toxicity. In 1984, 10 of the top 15 drug products (in sales to
      hospitals) were antimicrobial agents; these accounted for $1 billion in sales.
      Since third-generation cephalosporins are very similar in terms of spectra,
      clinical efficacy, and safety, they are useful in illustrating the process a
      hospital might use in deciding which individual agent to admit to a formulary.
      Five factors should be considered in formulary evaluations of antimicrobial
      agents: in vitro activity, pharmacokinetic disposition, adverse effects, clinical
      efficacy, and total economic impact. As applied to third-generation
      cephalosporins, this decision analysis leads to the conclusion that these agents
      should be considered therapeutic alternates. The decision would then rest solely
      on the institution-specific factors of microbial susceptibility patterns, patient
      case-mix, and acquisition costs. Antimicrobial agents account for the largest
      financial expenditure among hospital drug products; a set of these agents should
      be selected carefully to meet the needs of the individual institution.

PMID- 3706318
TI  - Controversies in antimicrobial therapy: critical analysis of clinical trials.
AB  - Problems with design and statistical evaluation of clinical efficacy trials of
      antimicrobial agents are reviewed. Of the three major criteria used for
      evaluating antimicrobial agents (efficacy, toxicity, cost), the most important is
      efficacy. Clinical efficacy can be evaluated in uncontrolled or controlled
      clinical trials. Uncontrolled trials are often conducted to satisfy Food and Drug
      Administration requirements during premarketing testing; the response rate is
      typically high because only patients with susceptible infections may be treated
      and large doses are given. Controlled antibiotic trials should be randomized,
      blinded, parallel comparisons of an investigational agent versus the best
      available agent at an accepted dose. However, interpretation of these studies is
      frequently clouded by poor study design, small sample sizes, and heterogeneous
      patient populations. Controlled trials are usually centered around a null
      hypothesis (i.e., that no difference will be found between the agents being
      compared). All conclusions (to reject or not reject the null hypothesis) should
      be carefully evaluated by clinicians seeking to apply the available data to
      patient care. Researchers can incorrectly conclude that two therapies have equal
      efficacy because of insufficient statistical power (i.e., small sample size) or
      poor study design. Likewise, researchers may incorrectly conclude that there is a
      statistical difference between two therapies because of poor design or improper
      sample selection. For the clinician, clinical relevance takes precedence over
      statistical significance. Before the results of a study are allowed to affect
      drug use in an institution, strong similarities between subjects and methods in
      the study and patients and care in the institution should be demonstrated.

PMID- 3706319
TI  - Controversies in antimicrobial therapy: pitfalls in monitoring aminoglycoside
      therapy.
AB  - Efficacy, safety, and cost factors related to aminoglycoside therapy, which is
      the treatment of choice for mixed infections of the skin, respiratory tract, and
      abdominal cavity, are reviewed. The cost of therapy must include all measurable
      costs of drug preparation, administration, monitoring, and potential toxicity or
      treatment failure. These costs are often difficult to quantify, as are potential
      differences in efficacy. Aminoglycosides are usually given by injection and are
      excreted unchanged by the kidneys. They are concentrated in the renal cortex,
      leading some investigators to assess the correlation of this uptake with renal
      toxicity. An increase in serum aminoglycoside concentrations serves as a
      retrospective, nonspecific marker of the renal toxicity that occurs in up to 35%
      of patients receiving these drugs. Pharmacokinetic monitoring of aminoglycoside
      therapy is used to assure therapeutic drug concentrations. Blood samples for
      aminoglycoside assays must be drawn, stored, separated, and assayed correctly,
      and the timing and labeling of the sample is of utmost importance. Nomograms and
      pharmacokinetic models, which can be used with computers and hand-held
      calculators, are useful for predicting initial doses and modifying subsequent
      doses. Aminoglycoside therapy is important in selected patients, but the
      comparative efficacy and safety of these drugs remains insufficiently assessed.
      Pharmacokinetic monitoring is helpful in assuring safe and effective dosing of
      aminoglycosides.

PMID- 3706320
TI  - Controversies in antimicrobial therapy: innovative methods of administration.
AB  - The clinical use of novel means of antibiotic administration--continuous
      infusion, endotracheal instillation and aerosol delivery, peritoneal dialysate,
      and antibiotic-impregnated catheters, bone cement, and beads--is discussed.
      Antibiotic infusions have traditionally been administered intermittently, but
      recent data support the use of continuous infusions in treating gram-negative
      bacillus bacteremias in neutropenic patients. Local instillation of antibiotics-
      endotracheally or by aerosols--may be indicated in patients with pulmonary
      infections and damaged pulmonary-defense systems; in other patients, normal host
      defenses make local therapy unnecessary. Patients undergoing chronic ambulatory
      peritoneal dialysis often develop intraperitoneal staphylococcal and
      streptococcal infections, and these are best treated with antibiotics added
      directly to the dialysate. Other recent studies support the use of antimicrobial
      agents in medical devices. Antibiotic-impregnated catheters are being tested as
      means of preventing difficult-to-treat catheter-related infections. Bone cement
      containing aminoglycosides has proven useful in preventing deep-bone infections
      in patients undergoing total-hip arthroplasty, and antibiotic-impregnated beads
      are useful, along with debridement, in patients with osteomyelitis. Innovative
      and unique methods of antibiotic administration are useful in overcoming problems
      of drug toxicity and failure of agents to reach sites of infection.

PMID- 3706321
TI  - Implementing a mainframe packaged pharmacy computer system in a 190-bed hospital.
AB  - The implementation of a pharmacy computer system in a 190-bed institution is
      described. A computer system was instituted in the pharmacy department as part of
      a hospitalwide conversion to an online information system. Planning for
      implementation began nine months before the actual live date (date of full
      computerization). Problems in the existing distribution and record-keeping
      systems that might be eliminated by computerization were identified, and changes
      in the layout of the pharmacy and department procedures were initiated to prepare
      for computerization. The events leading to computerization are presented in
      chronological order, and the advantages and shortcomings of the system are
      discussed. Because of careful planning, the cooperation of all pharmacy staff
      members, and frequent assistance from the computer vender, the nine-month
      conversion to a computerized system proceeded smoothly.

PMID- 3706322
TI  - Adherence to guidelines for continuous morphine sulfate infusions.
AB  - A retrospective chart audit evaluating the degree of adherence of health-care
      personnel to guidelines for continuous intravenous infusion of morphine sulfate
      was conducted. The audit was conducted one year after implementation of
      guidelines for administering morphine sulfate by continuous i.v. infusion. Audit
      criteria were developed from these guidelines and used to evaluate justification
      of use, adherence of physicians, pharmacists, and nurses to procedures, and
      patient outcome. Audits were completed for 11 of 13 patients who received
      morphine sulfate infusions during the one-year study period. All patients met the
      standard for justification of use. Adequate patient outcome, defined as chart
      documented pain relief within 24 hours, was achieved in six patients. The median
      time to pain control was 20 hours (range 4-168 hours). Physicians' and
      pharmacists' adherence to the guidelines was acceptable in over 80% of patients,
      but documentation of hourly monitoring of blood pressure and respiratory rate and
      rhythm by nurses met the standard in only 55% of patients; this may have been
      related to lack of a designated place in the chart for recording this
      information. The morphine sulfate infusion guidelines appear to contribute to
      safe and effective therapy.

PMID- 3706323
TI  - In vitro evaluation of nasogastric administration methods for phenytoin.
AB  - The effect on phenytoin recovery of various methods of nasogastric administration
      of phenytoin suspension was studied. Phenytoin acid suspension 4 mL (100 mg) was
      administered through a nasogastric (NG) tube using 10 methods designed to
      simulate clinical situations. The suspension was given either undiluted or
      diluted, with or without irrigation of the NG tube. Solutions of 5% dextrose
      injection, 0.9% sodium chloride injection, sterile water for irrigation, and
      lactated Ringer's injection were used as diluents or irrigants. After each
      administration, 40 mL of air was forced through the NG tube to expel any
      remaining suspension. Phenytoin concentration was assayed by high-performance
      liquid chromatography before and after administration through the NG tube. In the
      method that used no diluent or irrigation, 75.5 +/- 5.3% of the initial dose
      volume was lost, significantly more loss than with any of the other methods. The
      mean dose volume lost for all of the other nine methods was 6.4 +/- 3.4%. The
      type of fluid used for dilution or irrigation had little influence on phenytoin
      recovery. Until other methods can be evaluated, phenytoin suspension should be
      diluted and irrigated with at least 20 mL of fluid when given by nasogastric
      tube. Evacuation of the tube with 40 mL of air after phenytoin administration is
      also recommended.

PMID- 3706325
TI  - Ethical, economic, and professional issues in home health care.
AB  - Important ethical, economic, and professional issues in home health care (HHC)
      are identified and discussed. Patient services issues in HHC involve the ethics
      of providing high-technology feeding therapies to terminally ill patients and the
      controversies surrounding drug products, such as the appropriate amount of drug
      to be dispensed, the appropriate individual to compound home-care drug products,
      acceptable types of product packaging, and the impact of a switch in venders on
      the drug products supplied to patients. Economic issues include reasonable profit
      for HHC services, methods used to charge for products and services, payments to
      physicians for patient referrals, and pharmacies owned and operated by the HHC
      industry. Pharmacy relations issues center on the influence of nonpharmacists on
      pharmacy-based HHC services and the effect of HHC services on intraprofessional
      relations. How pharmacists resolve the many ethical, economic, and professional
      issues in HHC will determine the quality of services provided to patients, the
      nature of the working relationships between pharmacists and other health
      professionals, and the direction that pharmacy HHC services will take in the
      future.

PMID- 3706324
TI  - Stability and availability of cyclosporine stored in plastic syringes.
AB  - The stability and availability of cyclosporine from the oral dosage form when
      stored in plastic syringes were examined. Solutions of cyclosporine were stored
      in plastic syringes for 28 days at 25 degrees C. Half of the solutions remained
      in room light, and samples were obtained at 3, 6, and 12 hours and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
      6, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The remaining samples were protected from light, and
      samples were obtained at 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Samples stored in
      plastic were compared with control solutions stored in the original amber bottle.
      All samples were analyzed for unchanged cyclosporine by high-pressure liquid
      chromatography. Cyclosporine was stable and completely available from the oral
      dosage form when stored in plastic syringes for up to 28 days. There was no
      difference in the stability of cyclosporine between the solutions exposed to room
      light and those protected from light. Solutions of the oral dosage form of
      cyclosporine may be stored in plastic syringes without protection from light for
      up to 28 days.

PMID- 3706326
TI  - Observations of a traveling pharmacist, Part 3.

PMID- 3706327
TI  - Observations of a traveling pharmacist, Part 4.

PMID- 3706328
TI  - Apparent volume discrepancy among vials of Indocin i.v.

PMID- 3706329
TI  - Pharmacists communicating communication.

PMID- 3706330
TI  - Restoring patency to occluded venous access ports.

PMID- 3706331
TI  - Recruitment malpractice.

PMID- 3706332
TI  - Expanded roles for pharmacists and technicians.

PMID- 3706333
TI  - Opportunities in high technology.

PMID- 3706334
TI  - Effect of pharmacist intervention on control of resistant hypertension.
AB  - The effect of a pharmacist's clinical intervention on blood pressure control in
      ambulatory adults with resistant hypertension was studied. Twenty patients of an
      internal medicine clinic who had diastolic blood pressures greater than 96 mm Hg
      on two consecutive visits and antihypertensive regimens consisting of two or more
      agents were entered in the study between November 1, 1980, and February 1, 1981.
      After asking each patient 15 questions about hypertension and its treatment, the
      pharmacist counseled the patient about antihypertensive therapy, obtained a
      medication history, and discussed diet. The patient's blood pressure was
      measured, and the pharmacist evaluated the appropriateness of the patient's
      antihypertensive regimen (based on compliance, adverse reactions, and regimen
      complexity) and possible reasons for the poor response to treatment. The
      pharmacist then recommended drug therapy to the physician; stepped care including
      hydrochlorothiazide, reserpine, and hydralazine was used when possible. Patients'
      mean age was 56 years. Most did not know the names of their medications or
      understand their dosage schedules. Eight patients had severe hypertension
      (193/124 +/- 23/4 mm Hg), five had moderate hypertension (161/109 +/- 20/2 mm
      Hg), and seven had mild hypertension (171/100 +/- 29/0 mm Hg). Factors
      contributing to poor blood pressure control were noncompliance and adverse drug
      effects. After five to eight months of follow-up, mean blood pressures for
      patients with severe, moderate, and mild hypertension were, respectively, 140/92
      +/- 23/10 mm Hg, 131/92 +/- 8/6 mm Hg, and 137/88 +/- 26/3 mm Hg; the mean for
      each group was significantly different from baseline. In this study, pharmacists
      intervened successfully with patients and physicians to enhance blood pressure
      control through drug therapy.

PMID- 3706335
TI  - Using a nursing-workload index to validate hospital pharmacy productivity.
AB  - The use of a nursing-workload-index indicator generated by the Medicus patient
      classification system was explored as a means of simplifying and validating a
      manual pharmacy-workload-reporting system. The pharmacy department of this 290
      bed hospital monitors 14 activities in its productivity-measurement process. In
      an effort to validate this process, a 20-week study was conducted to evaluate the
      relationship between the nursing-workload-index data and the number of hours
      required to provide pharmaceutical services. Number of patient days and the
      nursing index were compared with respect to their reliability in predicting
      pharmacy workload. A significant correlation was found between the nursing index
      and the number of hours earned for pharmacy activities (with or without hours
      earned for processing admissions and discharges). Significant correlations were
      also found when the patient-days indicator was used, but those relationships were
      not as strong. The nursing-workload-index indicator studied was useful in
      validating the workload data generated by the pharmacy department.

PMID- 3706336
TI  - Variation in light transmission properties of amber oral syringes.
AB  - Four brands of amber oral syringes were tested for compliance with compendial
      standards for light-resistant packaging. United States Pharmacopoeia (USP)
      specifications state that light-resistant packaging must not transmit more than
      10% of incident light with wavelengths of 290-450 nm. The amount of light
      transmitted by samples of the barrels of 200 amber plastic oral syringes from
      each of four manufacturers was determined by spectrophotometry. Samples of both
      the printed and unprinted sides of the barrel were tested (after removal of all
      ink). The thickness of each syringe-barrel sample was measured, and the apparent
      density was determined. All of the Becton-Dickinson syringes tested met the USP
      standard for light transmittance, and none of the syringes from Baxa or Solopak
      met the compendial standards. Of the Burron syringes tested, 70 syringes met the
      standard, 83 did not meet the standard, and 47 could not be classified. The
      samples of the printed side of the syringe barrel had light transmission
      properties similar to those of the unprinted side with the exception of the
      syringes from Baxa, which had substantially higher apparent densities at all
      wavelengths for the printed side. Only one manufacturer's oral syringes
      consistently met the USP standard for light-resistant packaging. Further testing
      is needed to determine the clinical importance of these findings.

PMID- 3706337
TI  - Stability of amiodarone hydrochloride in admixtures with other injectable drugs.
AB  - The stability of amiodarone hydrochloride in intravenous admixtures was studied.
      Amiodarone hydrochloride 900 mg was mixed with 500 mL of either 5% dextrose
      injection or 0.9% sodium chloride injection in polyvinyl chloride or polyolefin
      containers; identical solutions were also mixed with either potassium chloride 20
      meq, lidocaine hydrochloride 2000 mg, quinidine gluconate 500 mg, procainamide
      hydrochloride 2000 mg, verapamil hydrochloride 25 mg, or furosemide 100 mg. All
      admixtures were prepared in triplicate and stored for 24 hours at 24 degrees C.
      Amiodarone concentrations were determined using a stability-indicating high
      performance liquid chromatographic assay immediately after admixture and at
      intervals during storage. Each solution was visually inspected and tested for pH.
      Amiodarone concentrations decreased less than 10% in all admixtures except those
      containing quinidine gluconate in polyvinyl chloride containers. The only visual
      incompatibility observed was in admixtures containing quinidine gluconate and 5%
      dextrose injection. In most solutions pH either decreased slightly or remained
      unchanged. Amiodarone hydrochloride is stable when mixed with either 5% dextrose
      injection or 0.9% sodium chloride injection in polyvinyl chloride or polyolefin
      containers alone or with potassium chloride, lidocaine, procainamide, verapamil,
      or furosemide and stored for 24 hours at 24 degrees C. Amiodarone should not be
      mixed with quinidine gluconate in polyvinyl chloride containers.

PMID- 3706339
TI  - Stability of intravenous admixtures containing aztreonam and cefazolin.
AB  - The stability of aztreonam and cefazolin in intravenous admixtures was studied.
      Each of the following combinations of drugs was added to both 5% dextrose
      injection and 0.9% sodium chloride injection in polyvinyl chloride containers:
      aztreonam 20 mg/mL and cefazolin 20 mg/mL (as the sodium salt); aztreonam 10
      mg/mL and cefazolin 5 mg/mL; aztreonam 20 mg/mL and cefazolin 5 mg/mL; and
      aztreonam 10 mg/mL and cefazolin 20 mg/mL. One of each of these admixtures was
      stored at 23-25 degrees C for 48 hours and at 4-5 degrees C for seven days. At
      various storage times the admixtures were inspected for visual changes, and 1-mL
      samples were tested for pH and assayed using a stability-indicating high
      performance liquid chromatographic assay. No visual changes were observed, and
      changes in pH were negligible. Concentrations of aztreonam and cefazolin under
      both storage conditions decreased by less than 3%. Intravenous admixtures of
      aztreonam and cefazolin at the concentrations studied are stable for at least 48
      hours at 23-25 degrees C and for seven days at 4-5 degrees C.

PMID- 3706340
TI  - Hospital outpatient pharmacies and durable medical equipment.
AB  - Factors to consider when planning and implementing a durable medical equipment
      (DME) business are discussed. Although hospital pharmacists have begun to provide
      home health-care and other outpatient-care services, few hospital pharmacies have
      implemented DME businesses in conjunction with those services. By providing DME
      to patients, hospital pharmacies can realize substantial net income while
      improving continuity of patient care. Before establishing a DME business,
      pharmacists should consider where the showroom will be located, who will deliver
      and set up the equipment and train patients to use the equipment, and how the
      business will be promoted within the hospital; they must also become familiar
      with methods of reimbursement for DME. It is also important for pharmacists to
      decide whether the hospital should enter into a joint-venture relationship with
      an established community-based DME dealer or act as sole owner of the DME
      business. As hospitals search for ways to generate income from sources other than
      inpatient care and to encourage patients to use hospital services, hospital
      pharmacists should not overlook the possibility of establishing a DME business in
      conjunction with other outpatient-care programs.

PMID- 3706338
TI  - Stability of ranitidine admixtures frozen and refrigerated in minibags.
AB  - The stability of ranitidine hydrochloride stored frozen and refrigerated in
      polyvinyl chloride minibags was studied. Ranitidine hydrochloride was added to
      either 5% dextrose injection or 0.9% sodium chloride injection to yield
      concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/mL. In phase 1 of the study, admixtures
      containing ranitidine hydrochloride 1 mg/mL were stored at 4 degrees C for 10
      days. In phase 2, solutions were frozen for 30 days at -30 degrees C and were
      later refrigerated for 14 days. Ranitidine concentration was tested using a
      stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic assay at time zero
      and at intervals during storage. Sterility tests were performed on some samples,
      and various admixtures were visually inspected and tested for pH. At least 90% of
      the initial concentration of ranitidine remained in all solutions at all storage
      conditions. No visual changes or changes in pH or sterility were observed.
      Ranitidine hydrochloride in concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/mL in 5%
      dextrose injection or 0.9% sodium chloride injection may be stored in polyvinyl
      chloride minibags frozen for 30 days followed by refrigeration for an additional
      14 days.

PMID- 3706342
TI  - Accuracy of tobramycin piggyback delivery using gravity flow versus a controller.

PMID- 3706341
TI  - Controversial issues in home health care: a roundtable discussion.
AB  - Controversial issues in home health care (HHC) were discussed by a panel of four
      individuals involved in or knowledgeable about HHC. The panel addressed the
      following issues: reluctance of health professionals to participate in home care,
      challenges in providing HHC services, assigning responsibility for HHC services,
      reimbursement considerations in joint-venture arrangements, assuming fiscal
      responsibility for unreimbursed care, selecting HHC providers, defining patient
      rights, selecting drug products for home-care patients, competing with community
      pharmacists, circumvention of pharmacist input in preparation of solutions for
      home infusion, and the future of HHC. Hospital pharmacists who plan to become
      involved or are already involved in providing HHC services should become familiar
      with these controversial issues.

PMID- 3706343
TI  - Standardized charts to determine intravenous infusion rates.

PMID- 3706344
TI  - Calculation of product waste in i.v. admixture programs.

PMID- 3706345
TI  - Public relations campaign to promote pharmacy in North Carolina.

PMID- 3706346
TI  - Teaching instructional methods to clinical pharmacy residents.

PMID- 3706347
TI  - Electrolytes and cardiovascular morbidity.

PMID- 3706349
TI  - Hypokalemia and arrhythmias.
AB  - The focus of this article is hypokalemia, its electrophysiologic properties, and
      clinical arrhythmias. The effects of potassium on the electrophysiologic
      properties of the heart have been extensively studied and clearly are
      arrhythmogenic. Hypokalemia increases resting membrane potential and increases
      both the duration of the action potential and the duration of the refractory
      period, the latter to a greater degree than the former. This combination is
      conducive to the genesis of reentrant arrhythmias. Hypokalemia also increases
      threshold potential as well as automaticity, thus providing the context for
      automatic arrhythmias as well. Lastly, hypokalemia decreases conductivity, which
      also predisposes to arrhythmias of the reentrant type. The electrocardiographic
      criteria for hypokalemia include the presence of U waves greater than 1 mm and U
      waves larger than the T wave in the same lead (with associated ST-segment
      depression). Other criteria have been a T:U ratio of 1 or less and a U wave
      greater than 0.5 mm in electrocardiographic lead II or greater than 1.0 mm in
      lead V3. The relationship between hypokalemia and clinical arrhythmias has long
      been recognized. In 1949, Bellet et al reported extrasystoles with hypokalemic
      alkalosis that decreased with potassium administration. These observations were
      confirmed by several groups in the early 1950s. In 1953, Surawicz and Lepeschkin
      described a series of patients with hypokalemia and frequent junctional and
      ventricular premature beats; in all cases the arrhythmias disappeared with
      administration of potassium. These clinical observations were strengthened by the
      1962 findings of Gettes et al, who employed microelectrode techniques to show
      that perfusion of low potassium solutions resulted in ventricular ectopic beats,
      ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation. In more recent years,
      several studies have evaluated the relationship between potassium levels and
      arrhythmias in patients with and without hypertension who were receiving diuretic
      therapy. These studies have demonstrated that there is an increased incidence of
      ventricular arrhythmias associated with the hypokalemia induced by diuretic
      therapy, an observation with obvious clinical implications.

PMID- 3706348
TI  - Potassium, magnesium, and cardiovascular morbidity. Proceedings of a symposium.
      November 10, 1985, Washington, D.C.

PMID- 3706350
TI  - Potassium physiology.
AB  - Potassium is the most abundant exchangeable cation in the body. It exists
      predominantly in the intracellular fluid at concentrations of 140 to 150
      meq/liter and in the extracellular fluid at concentrations of 3.5 to 5 meq/liter.
      The maintenance of the serum potassium concentration is a complex bodily function
      and results from the balance between intake, excretion, and distribution between
      intracellular and extracellular space. Ingested potassium is virtually completely
      absorbed from and minimally excreted through the intestine under nonpathologic
      circumstances. Renal excretion of potassium, which is the major chronic
      protective mechanism against abnormalities in potassium balance, depends on
      filtration, reabsorption, and a highly regulated distal nephron secretory
      process. Factors regulating potassium secretion include prior potassium intake,
      intracellular potassium, delivery of sodium chloride and poorly reabsorbable
      anions to the distal nephron, the urine flow rate, hormones such as aldosterone
      and beta-catecholamines, and the integrity of the renal tubular cell. The
      maintenance of distribution between the inside and outside of cells depends on
      the integrity of the cell membrane and its pumps, osmolality, pH, and the
      hormones insulin, aldosterone, beta 2-catecholamines, alpha-catecholamines, and
      prostaglandins. Both distribution across cell membranes and/or renal excretion of
      potassium may be altered by pharmacologic agents such as diuretics, alpha- and
      beta-catechol antagonists and agonists, depolarizing agents, and digitalis.
      Problems with hypokalemia and hyperkalemia can be analyzed on the basis of
      potassium physiology and pharmacology; proper treatment depends on an accurate
      analysis.

PMID- 3706351
TI  - Thiazide treatment of hypertension. Effects of thiazide diuretics on serum
      potassium, magnesium, and ventricular ectopy.
AB  - Thiazide diuretics are considered to be the cornerstone of contemporary
      antihypertensive therapy and are generally recommended as the initial treatment
      for patients with mild to moderate, uncomplicated hypertension. Hypokalemia and
      hypomagnesemia are two metabolic alterations that are associated with long-term
      thiazide therapy. Thirty-five patients (20 with low renin status and 15 with
      normal renin status) with mild to moderate essential hypertension were treated
      with hydrochlorothiazide in a dose-titration experiment after a four-week lead-in
      period. The initial daily dose was 12.5 mg; this was increased at four-week
      intervals to 25 mg, 37.5 mg, and 50 mg daily. The endpoint dose of this titration
      was that dose at which the patient's blood pressure normalized, or the dose of 50
      mg, if that dose was reached. Patients were maintained on their endpoint dose of
      hydrochlorothiazide for 24 weeks of continuous thiazide monotherapy beyond the
      dose titration. The serum potassium and serum magnesium levels during the control
      period were 4.4 +/- 0.2 mmol/liter and 2.30 +/- 0.08 mg/dl, respectively. During
      dose titration, each incremental increase of hydrochlorothiazide produced a
      decrease in blood pressure and a stepwise decrease in serum potassium and
      magnesium levels. A previously reported study involving 38 patients with mild to
      moderate hypertension (22 with low renin status and 16 with normal renin status)
      used similar methods to study higher-dose thiazide therapy. An initial dose of 50
      mg daily of hydrochlorothiazide was administered; this was increased at four-week
      intervals to 100 mg, 150 mg, and 200 mg. The serum potassium and serum magnesium
      levels during the control period were 4.5 +/- 0.2 mmol/liter and 2.1 +/- 0.18
      mg/dl, respectively. In the hypertensive patients with normal renin status, doses
      of hydrochlorothiazide greater than 50 mg did not result in further blood
      pressure lowering effects; however, the undesirable effects of hypokalemia and
      hypomagnesemia continued to be manifested and increased at higher doses of
      hydrochlorothiazide. Thirty-eight patients who had previously experienced
      hypokalemia, palpitations, or cardiac arrhythmia were placed on
      hydroclorothiazide therapy for one to three months and were monitored for
      arrhythmias after treadmill exercise. The occurrence of premature ventricular
      contractions correlated significantly with the decrease in serum potassium (r =
      0.73, p less than 0.001) and serum magnesium (r = 0.68, p less than 0.001) levels
      during hydrochlorothiazide therapy and with the product of the change of the two
      cations (r = 0.81, p less than 0.001).

PMID- 3706352
TI  - Inflammatory disease and the role of Voltaren (diclofenac sodium). Proceedings of
      a symposium, May 14-15, 1985, Tahiti.

PMID- 3706353
TI  - Adverse reactions to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Diclofenac compared
      with other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
AB  - The most common adverse effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are
      gastritis, peptic ulceration, and depression of renal function, all of which
      result primarily from prostaglandin inhibition. The types of side effects
      observed with diclofenac are similar to those of other nonsteroidal anti
      inflammatory drugs and are unavoidable given that the drugs are prostaglandin
      inhibitors. However, the incidences of such side effects may be lower with
      diclofenac than with some of the other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
      Worldwide experience with diclofenac exceeds 7.6 million patient-years, which
      should provide estimates of the frequency of very rare adverse reactions. The
      latter include blood dyscrasias, erythema multiforme, hepatitis, and others, such
      as aseptic meningitis, anaphylaxis, and urticaria. Moreover, some nonsteroidal
      anti-inflammatory drugs appear to have unique side-effect profiles. Examples
      include a higher incidence of ulceration and erythema multiforme with piroxicam,
      and acute pancreatitis, in rare instances, with sulindac. From a careful survey
      of the world's accumulated literature and reports to CIBA-GEIGY, diclofenac does
      not appear to have any unusual adverse reactions.

PMID- 3706354
TI  - Exploring myocardial ischemia: silent and symptomatic. Symposium. Washington,
      D.C., November 9, 1985.

PMID- 3706355
TI  - Silent myocardial ischemia: dimensions of the problem in patients with and
      without angina.
AB  - Because of its possible relation to sudden cardiac death, silent myocardial
      ischemia is an important public health issue, especially with regard to persons
      who are totally asymptomatic. However, this syndrome is not confined to
      individuals without prior histories of angina or myocardial infarction; it is
      also being reported with increasing frequency in patients with clinical evidence
      of coronary artery disease. Although prognostic studies of silent myocardial
      ischemia in patients with angina are currently in progress, it appears that
      patients with extensive disease and left ventricular dysfunction are at highest
      risk for subsequent cardiac events.

PMID- 3706356
TI  - Asymptomatic myocardial ischemia in diabetic patients.
AB  - The recent recognition of the prevalence of asymptomatic ST-segment depression in
      patients with coronary artery disease demonstrates the poor sensitivity of using
      angina as a sign of myocardial ischemia. Possibly the greatest application of
      ambulatory ST-segment monitoring for the detection of asymptomatic ischemia is in
      diabetic patients. Coronary artery disease represents the ultimate cause of death
      in more than half of such patients and usually manifests itself prematurely at an
      advanced stage. The long-held clinical belief that infarction may be silent, or
      less painful, in patients with diabetes is supported by several retrospective
      studies (32 to 42 percent of diabetic patients lack angina at infarction,
      compared with only 6 to 15 percent of nondiabetic patients). Explanations for
      this observation have been remarkably deficient in the literature. One group has
      shown that in diabetic patients with painless infarction, the autonomic nerve
      fibers of the heart display typical lesions of autonomic neuropathy that may
      affect afferent sensory impulse transmission compared with those in several
      matched control groups. Except for a recent report from Italy, there are no data
      on the prevalence of asymptomatic ischemia in diabetic patients. There are
      obvious reasons to address this issue more comprehensively: first, given the high
      incidence of painless myocardial infarction, the frequency of asymptomatic
      ischemia may be very high; second, because the ability to evaluate patients with
      standard treadmill testing is limited in patients with peripheral vascular
      disease and diabetic neuropathy, ambulatory monitoring may be used on a more
      widespread basis; and third, given the higher than average incidences of sudden
      death and left ventricular dysfunction in diabetic patients compared with
      nondiabetic patients, ambulatory monitoring may represent a method of assessing
      the role of episodic ischemia in explaining these other cardiac events.

PMID- 3706357
TI  - Pathogenetic classifications of unstable angina as a guideline to individual
      patient management and prognosis.
AB  - Although it is widely recognized that unstable angina is a syndrome encompassing
      a variety of clinical and pathophysiologic entities, clinical trials and
      guidelines for management still consider patients with unstable angina as a
      single homogeneous group. When first recognized as a potentially threatening
      coronary syndrome, unstable angina was thought to be caused by extremely severe
      coronary obstructions that culminated in the syndrome of angina at rest, when
      coronary flow reserve is practically exhausted. It is now clear that the severity
      of coronary atherosclerosis in stable and unstable angina is, on the average,
      similar; and it appears that the features of "instability" are largely determined
      by dynamic obstructions superimposed on a widely variable fixed obstruction.
      Current clinical classifications, although based on purely descriptive symptoms,
      and angiographic classifications, based solely on coronary anatomy, independently
      identify subgroups of patients with unstable angina who have clearly distinct
      prognoses. The pathophysiologic classification proposed in this article considers
      both the severity of the underlying coronary fixed obstructions (as evidenced by
      the reduction of coronary flow reserve and by coronary anatomy) and the tendency
      for dynamic stenoses to develop (as evidenced by the pathophysiologic
      interpretation of symptoms and by the response to therapy). Since this
      classification combines elements of currently used clinical and angiographic
      classifications with a pathophysiologic interpretation, it can be applied easily
      in clinical practice and may provide more rational groupings of patients for both
      management and prognosis assessment.

PMID- 3706358
TI  - Non-group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal cellulitis.

PMID- 3706359
TI  - Neurogenic bladder in Legionnaires' disease.

PMID- 3706360
TI  - Erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

PMID- 3706361
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis in acute bacterial meningitis.

PMID- 3706362
TI  - Buerger's disease in a young woman.
AB  - Buerger's disease or thromboangiitis obliterans is characterized by peripheral
      arterial occlusions in young male cigarette smokers. It is rarely considered in
      the differential diagnosis of vascular disease in women, although there have been
      several well-documented cases in the literature. This report presents a young
      woman with both angiographic and histopathologic evidence for Buerger's disease
      who was initially treated with daily corticosteroids for presumed vasculitis.
      This case emphasizes the fact that Buerger's disease can present in a fashion
      similar to both vasculitis and collagen vascular disease.

PMID- 3706363
TI  - Geriatric astronauts.

PMID- 3706364
TI  - Successful program for recovery of dropouts to a clinical trial.
AB  - This is a report of a successful program to return dropout participants to active
      participation at a single clinic of a multicenter long-term clinical trial, the
      Coronary Primary Prevention Trial of the Lipid Research Clinics Program. The
      specific objectives were to re-engage dropouts into active participation and to
      have them resume study medication. Thirty-six men had been absent from the Baylor
      Methodist Clinic for 10 months to over four years. The program focused on
      resolving the presenting problems: psychosocial, somatic, and drug adherence. It
      was based on six general principles with corresponding goals and employed 13
      activities and procedures in a specific operational sequence for reinstitution of
      the Coronary Primary Prevention Trial protocol. Counseling techniques were used
      to improve protocol adherence. The recovery program was monitored bi-weekly by
      computer. The dropout group did not appear to exhibit any biases and approximated
      the remainder of the Baylor-Methodist cohort demographically. At six months into
      the recovery program, 90 percent of the dropouts had been recovered. Seventy
      percent of the recovered participants re-established medication-taking behavior.
      The mean rate of adherence to medication for all of the recovered group was 35
      percent of the prescribed dose, 8 g per day. Review of the data for the
      cholesterol differential between the two treatment groups demonstrated a
      favorable effect of the reinstitution of the study medication. The program's
      methods are applicable to clinical practice.

PMID- 3706365
TI  - Outpatient conversion of treatment to potassium-sparing diuretics.
AB  - Thiazide diuretics frequently cause a decrease in serum potassium levels. In this
      study, 34 percent of patients taking hydrochlorothiazide had serum potassium
      levels below 3.5 meq/liter. The response of the serum potassium level was studied
      after treatment in 56 patients was switched from 50 mg of hydrochlorothiazide
      daily to either two capsules of hydrochlorothiazide/triampterene (Dyazide), or
      one tablet of hydrochlorothiazide/amiloride (Moduretic) daily, over nine to 15
      months. The 24 patients whose treatment was changed to Dyazide had a rise in
      serum potassium levels from a mean of 3.56 meq/liter to 4.17 meq/liter in two to
      three weeks. The 32 patients whose treatment was changed to Moduretic had a rise
      in serum potassium levels from a mean of 3.76 meq/liter to 4.14 meq/liter in two
      to three weeks. The resultant rise in potassium levels was stable throughout the
      follow-up period in both groups. Patient acceptance of this change was excellent.

PMID- 3706366
TI  - Adverse influence of baroreceptor dysfunction on upright exercise in congestive
      heart failure.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that baroreceptor autoregulation is an important
      determinant of exercise performance, the hemodynamic responses to the
      gravitational stress of head-up tilt and upright exercise were assessed in 41
      patients with severe chronic congestive heart failure. Three patterns of
      autonomic dysfunction during head-up tilt were identified. Group A patients had
      near-normal circulatory reflexes whereas Group B patients experienced orthostatic
      hypotension and Group C patients lacked the afferent stimulus of venous pooling.
      Group A patients had a significantly longer exercise duration than both Groups B
      and C (607 +/- 104 versus 330 +/- 86 and 365 +/- 53 seconds, respectively, p less
      than 0.05) and a significantly higher double product at peak exercise (17,779 +/-
      956 versus 12,235 +/- 869 and 13,760 +/- 998, respectively, p less than 0.05).
      Thus, baroreceptor abnormalities in the autoregulatory response to postural
      change are important determinants of the cardiovascular responses required during
      exercise and influence exercise performance. These abnormalities may help clarify
      the discrepancies between supine and upright exercise performance and may
      influence the long-term efficacy of vasodilator therapy in chronic congestive
      heart failure.

PMID- 3706367
TI  - Bedside capillary glucose measurement by staff nurses in a general hospital.
AB  - The accuracy of capillary blood glucose monitoring has been well demonstrated
      when applied by patients in the outpatient setting or by specially trained nurses
      on inpatient diabetes units. In order to determine the applicability of this
      technique in the more general hospital setting, a program was initiated for
      instructing general staff nurses in the use of Chemstrips bG strips and the Accu
      Chek bG meter. As a pilot study, nurses on four general medical and surgical
      hospital floors performed capillary glucose determinations within 15 minutes of
      the drawing of venous blood samples for determination of plasma glucose in the
      hospital's Chemistry Laboratory. Two hundred ten paired measurements were made by
      31 nurses. Linear regression analysis yielded a Pearson correlation coefficient
      of 0.96 between bedside and laboratory glucose measurements. The mean percent
      deviation between the two values was 7.9 percent. Acceptance by both nurses and
      patients was high. Properly supervised capillary glucose monitoring can provide a
      valuable adjunct to the care of hospitalized patients with diabetes.

PMID- 3706368
TI  - Resting single-breath diffusing capacity as a screening test for exercise-induced
      hypoxemia.
AB  - Recent reports in selected patients have suggested that a reduced resting single
      breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity may be associated with a fall in
      arterial oxygen saturation during exercise. To determine if the diffusing
      capacity could serve as a screening test for changes in oxygen saturation in an
      unselected population, results of exercise studies were examined in 106 patients
      consecutively referred to an exercise laboratory. Nearly half of the patients
      underwent exercise testing to evaluate interstitial disease whereas the remainder
      were referred for unexplained dyspnea or for disability evaluations. Arterial
      desaturation was seen within all patient subgroups and was closely associated
      with reduced diffusing capacity. For detecting changes of 4 percent or more in
      oxygen saturation, a diffusing capacity of less than 50 percent of predicted gave
      the best combination of sensitivity (89 percent) and specificity (93 percent),
      whereas a diffusing capacity of 60 percent or less of predicted was 100 percent
      sensitive and 64 percent specific. For detecting lesser degrees of desaturation,
      sensitivities were slightly reduced but specificities were preserved. Thus, a
      diffusing capacity of less than 50 percent of predicted was associated with
      substantial arterial desaturation during exercise, whereas patients with a
      diffusing capacity of more than 60 percent of predicted had no desaturation
      during exercise. These results suggest that the resting diffusing capacity can
      serve as a screening test for exercise-induced hypoxemia in an unselected
      population.

PMID- 3706369
TI  - Tolerance of unusually low mixed venous oxygen saturation. Adaptations in the
      chronic low cardiac output syndrome.
AB  - Introduction of a reliable method for continuous monitoring of mixed venous
      oxygen saturation has focused attention on the therapeutic and prognostic
      implications of this value. It is generally agreed that mixed venous oxygen
      saturation in the 40 to 60 percent range is associated with substantial patient
      morbidity and mortality if not rapidly corrected. However, several patients with
      chronic low cardiac output syndrome who have had mixed venous oxygen saturation
      of less than 40 percent for prolonged periods of time and who have not had
      decompensation were observed. Three representative patients with these findings
      are described and mechanisms put forth that may account for the observed
      relations between mixed venous oxygen saturation and mortality in these and other
      patients.

PMID- 3706370
TI  - Hepatic involvement in systemic mast cell disease.
AB  - Thirteen patients with systemic mast cell disease were studied in order to define
      the hepatic changes in this disease and to correlate the histologic lesions in
      the liver with the clinical findings. These patients often presented with
      multisystem disorders and 10 had hepatomegaly. Microscopically, the liver tissues
      in all patients showed fibrosis and chronic inflammatory cellular infiltration
      with plasma cells, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and mononuclear fibroblast-like
      cells in the portal area. The hepatic sinusoids were not significantly involved.
      A histologic diagnosis of systemic mast cell disease is seldom entertained in
      liver biopsy specimens embedded in paraffin and stained with hematoxylineosin,
      but can be facilitated in biopsy specimens embedded in plastic such as
      methacrylate. Tissue mast cells in the cellular infiltrate can be demonstrated
      best by special staining techniques with Giemsa, toluidine blue, and
      chloroacetate esterase. The severity of the histologic changes in the liver does
      not correlate well with the size of the liver or biochemical changes in the
      blood. Abnormal serum biochemical values were noted primarily in those with
      dehydration caused by diarrhea and vomiting, and in those with malnutrition.
      Hepatic function test results were usually normal, except for alkaline
      phosphatase level, which was elevated in all 13 patients. Although the clinical
      significance of hepatic involvement in systemic mast cell disease cannot be
      established with certainty in this study, it is believed that the prognosis of
      systemic mast cell disease is most intricately related to the systemic effects of
      mast cell involvement in many other organs, and not to hepatic involvement per
      se.

PMID- 3706371
TI  - Biclonal and hypodiploid multiple myeloma.
AB  - Plasma cell DNA and RNA content was measured by flow cytometry of acridine orange
      stained bone marrow cells from 72 untreated patients with multiple myeloma.
      Biclonal or hypodiploid DNA stemlines were identified in 10 patients, nine of
      whom had a low RNA content and did not have response to chemotherapy. Biclonal
      tumors often showed atypical myeloma protein changes with chemotherapy,
      suggesting that one clone was reduced whereas the other remained unchanged. These
      findings suggest a genetic basis for the resistance of low RNA tumors to
      chemotherapy.

PMID- 3706372
TI  - Diffuse muscular hypertrophy of esophagus.
AB  - Six cases of diffuse muscular hypertrophy of the esophagus are reported. The
      clinical diagnosis is often missed and may be confused with achalasia. Some
      clinical features that help distinguish this disease are a sensation of
      "grasping" any tube or instrument introduced into the esophagus, marked sustained
      elevation in the baseline pressure in the body of the esophagus over a longer
      segment, and poor response to forced pneumatic dilatation (in those cases in
      which achalasia is suspected). An interesting association was the relationship
      with diabetes mellitus in four of the six cases described.

PMID- 3706373
TI  - Consequences of worksite hypertension screening. Differential changes in
      psychosocial function.
AB  - To evaluate reports of psychosocial dysfunction after worksite screening, a three
      stage blood pressure screening was performed using standardized screening and
      labeling procedures. Of a heterogeneous group of 5,888 workers, 296 with
      sustained hypertension were identified and randomly assigned to traditional
      arousal or reassurance debriefings, matching each hypertensive subject with one
      to three normotensive control subjects on eight sociodemographic and occupational
      variables. Subjects exhibiting absenteeism increases or persistent hypertension
      six months after screening were randomly assigned to worksite health education
      programs or no intervention. After adjustment for values among matched control
      subjects, previously unaware hypertensive subjects had significant post-screening
      decreases in anxiety that were significantly associated with specific worksites
      and with reassurance rather than traditional debriefing (p less than 0.05). The
      health education program did not significantly affect anxiety, blood pressure, or
      absenteeism. Increased absenteeism was associated with higher baseline anxiety
      levels (p less than 0.05). It is concluded that worksite hypertension screening
      produces minimal adverse psychosocial changes, reassurance debriefing may be
      beneficial, and unspecified worksite characteristics may determine consequences
      of similar preventive medicine efforts.

PMID- 3706374
TI  - Relationship of beliefs and behavior in test ordering.
AB  - Understanding the reasons physicians order diagnostic tests may be useful in
      designing strategies to promote cost-effective practice and helpful in developing
      appropriate endpoints for evaluations of new diagnostic technologies. Testing by
      27 private office physicians for 324 hypertensive patients was examined and the
      doctors were surveyed for their beliefs about appropriate levels of use for
      common tests, how they compared with other doctors in frequency of use, and their
      reasons for ordering tests. Beliefs about appropriate levels of testing were
      correlated with actual use (0.45 to 0.63, Pearson). Usage also correlated with
      beliefs about relative ordering patterns. Annual testing charges incurred by
      physicians who believed they ordered tests "more frequently" than average were
      higher than those who believed they ordered tests "less frequently" than average
      ($122 +/- $46 versus $51 +/- $15, p less than 0.05). Reasons for ordering tests
      were (in order of importance): establishing a baseline, assessing prognosis,
      reassuring patients, and helping with treatment decisions. These results suggest
      that "high usage" physicians may know who they are; and therefore strategies of
      feedback to modify behavior should be designed to do more than educate physicians
      about their own utilization. Second, evaluations of technology must consider more
      than contributions to immediate treatment decisions.

PMID- 3706375
TI  - Lipids and lipoproteins as predictors of coronary heart disease, stroke, and
      cancer in the Honolulu Heart Program.
AB  - A group of 2,122 healthy men in the Honolulu Heart Program who participated in
      the Cooperative Lipoprotein Phenotyping Study, 1970 to 1972, were followed for 10
      years by repeated examinations and surveillance of hospital discharge and
      mortality records in order to diagnose new cases of coronary heart disease,
      stroke, cancer, and other deaths. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein
      cholesterol were significantly associated with all clinical types of coronary
      heart disease in multivariate analyses, whereas high-density lipoprotein
      cholesterol was inversely associated with nonfatal myocardial infarction and
      total coronary heart disease, but not with fatal coronary heart disease nor
      angina. Triglyceride and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were associated
      with total coronary heart disease by univariate but not multivariate analysis.
      None of the other specific chronic diseases were significantly associated with
      any lipid or lipoprotein, although there were trends of inverse associations of
      all noncardiovascular disease with total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein
      cholesterol. Thus, for total disease (coronary heart disease, stroke, cancer, and
      other deaths), the optimal range for lowest disease incidence was about 200 to
      220 mg/dl for total cholesterol and 120 to 140 mg/dl for low-density lipoprotein
      cholesterol. A strong inverse pattern of total disease with high-density
      lipoprotein cholesterol indicated that the highest levels were the optimal
      levels.

PMID- 3706376
TI  - Development of intractable ascites following upper abdominal surgery in patients
      with cirrhosis.
AB  - Recently, two patients with cirrhosis in whom ascites intractable to medical
      therapy had developed were referred to Medical Center Hospital and Audie L.
      Murphy Memorial Veterans Administration Hospital. Ascites had developed in both
      following upper abdominal surgery. To better characterize postoperative ascites,
      the records of all patients with cirrhosis who had upper abdominal operations at
      these hospitals during a five-year period were reviewed. Patients with portacaval
      shunts or pre-existing ascites were excluded. Of the 31 patients meeting the
      study requirements, ascites developed in 12 in the immediate postoperative
      period. In 10, the ascites resolved with medical management. As a group, these 10
      patients had more severe liver disease than the group in whom ascites did not
      develop. The remaining two patients had ascites intractable to medical therapy.
      The ascitic fluid protein level was high in these two patients as well as in the
      two referred patients with a mean value of 4.5 +/- 1.6 g/dl. One patient with
      intractable ascites died and the other three required operative management. No
      clinical or laboratory features distinguished the patients in whom intractable
      ascites developed from the patients in whom postoperative ascites did not
      develop. It is suggested that intraoperative injury to vessels draining hepatic
      lymph was the cause of the intractable ascites.

PMID- 3706377
TI  - Disseminated atypical mycobacterial infection in patients with hairy cell
      leukemia.
AB  - Disseminated atypical mycobacterial infections developed in nine of 186 patients
      with hairy cell leukemia who were seen over 10 years at the University of Chicago
      Hospital. Clinically, these patients had symptoms of fever and chills; an
      infiltrate was usually present on chest radiography. Invasive diagnostic studies,
      including thoracotomy and laparotomy, were necessary for confirmation of the
      diagnosis of atypical mycobacteria infection. Confirmatory culture specimens were
      obtained from lymph nodes, liver, and splenic tissue. Six patients had infections
      with Mycobacterium kansasii; two with M. avium-intracellulare; and one with M.
      chelonei. Treatment with multiple anti-tuberculosis drugs was initiated either
      empirically (six patients); after obtaining pathologic evidence of granuloma or
      acid-fast bacilli (two patients); or after obtaining a positive culture result
      (one patient). Five of the nine patients survived the infection and continued
      taking anti-tuberculosis drugs for total periods of nine months to two years.
      Awareness of the association between hairy cell leukemia and atypical
      mycobacteria infection, with early consideration of invasive diagnostic studies,
      as well as empiric anti-tuberculosis therapy, may prolong the survival time for
      many patients with hairy cell leukemia.

PMID- 3706378
TI  - Tumor biology in explanation of the failure of screening for cancer and in
      determination of future strategies.
AB  - Screening examinations for so-called "early cancer" are popular methods to
      decrease cancer mortality. This report reviews current concepts in tumor biology
      that explain why screening for cancer succeeds and why it fails. From this
      review, three biologic subgroups emerge for many cancers. In only one of these
      groups will screening methods be successful in decreasing death from cancer.
      Breast cancer and prostatic cancer are specifically considered to support this
      hypothesis. Implications for future investigations and the impact on public
      policy are discussed.

PMID- 3706379
TI  - Hemoptysis, pulmonary infiltrates, and diarrhea in a 36-year-old man.

PMID- 3706380
TI  - Simultaneous occurrence of Hodgkin's disease and Kaposi's sarcoma in a patient
      with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
AB  - Kaposi's sarcoma and Hodgkin's disease have each been associated with
      abnormalities in T lymphocyte function and occur with increased frequency in the
      immunosuppressed host. Although the association of Kaposi's sarcoma with
      lymphoreticular disorders has long been recognized, only sporadic cases of
      Hodgkin's disease have been described in patients with the acquired immune
      deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in contrast to the frequent occurrence of non
      Hodgkin's lymphoma in these patients. The simultaneous occurrence of Kaposi's
      sarcoma and Hodgkin's disease in the same lymph node is described in a patient
      with AIDS. This case suggests an association of AIDS with both Kaposi's sarcoma
      and malignant lymphomas and raises the question of a common pathogenetic
      mechanism.

PMID- 3706381
TI  - Persistence of multiply antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter jejuni in a patient
      with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
AB  - Chronic diarrhea due to Campylobacter jejuni has been described in patients with
      hypogammaglobulinemia. A patient with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome
      (AIDS) and normal total serum immunoglobulins had persistent diarrhea and C.
      jejuni on stool culture for seven and a half months despite repeated antibiotic
      therapy. Antibiotic sensitivity studies revealed the C. jejuni to be multiply
      antibiotic-resistant. Evaluation of the mechanism of resistance showed the
      organism harbored a conjugative plasmid capable of transferring resistance to
      tetracycline, but not to other antibiotics. It is concluded that C. jejuni
      infection may rarely result in chronic diarrhea in patients with AIDS. The
      combination of an immune deficiency state including abnormal B cell function
      previously described in AIDS and multiple antibiotic resistance may have
      contributed to the persistence of the organism in this case.

PMID- 3706382
TI  - Acute splenic sequestration crises in adults with sickle cell disease.
AB  - Reports of acute splenic sequestration crises in adults with sickle cell
      hemoglobin C disease or sickle cell thalassemia are rare, although an enlarged
      and distensible spleen persists in half of these patients. Seven episodes of
      acute splenic sequestration crises in four adults, two with sickle C disease and
      two with sickle thalassemia, are described. The crises were life-threatening and
      recurrent in all, but there were no fatalities. One patient had mild steady-state
      thrombocytopenia suggesting hypersplenism. Technetium 99m/sulfur colloid scanning
      of the spleen during the acute splenic sequestration crises in three patients
      showed almost total lack of splenic uptake or decreased uptake with intrasplenic
      filling defects thought to be splenic infarcts or hematomas on follow-up computed
      tomographic scanning. The scanning abnormalities resolved following recovery from
      the crises. Acute splenic sequestration crises probably are common in adults with
      sickle C disease and sickle thalassemia but may be underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed
      as splenic infarctions. The hematologic and splenic findings during acute splenic
      sequestration crises resemble those following splenic vein ligation in animals.

PMID- 3706383
TI  - Severe alcoholic hepatitis in a hypothyroid patient.
AB  - A treated hypothyroid patient with chronic alcoholism stopped replacement therapy
      with the onset of heavy drinking. The resulting hypothyroid state did not protect
      against an eventually fatal termination of acute alcoholic liver disease. Unlike
      the controlled trials of anti-thyroid therapy for alcoholic hepatitis, this
      experience simulates the animal experiments suggesting a hypermetabolic mechanism
      in alcohol hepatotoxicity. The outcome in this instance, however, is not
      supportive of this hypothesis.

PMID- 3706384
TI  - Cyclic neutropenia in identical twins.
AB  - Cyclic neutropenia developed in identical twin girls. The onset of neutropenia in
      these children occurred three years apart. Neutrophil cycling diminished, and
      symptoms decreased in the initially affected twin during a five-year follow-up.
      Some cases of cyclic neutropenia may be genetically determined; however, the
      onset and clinical manifestations may be modified by other internal and external
      factors. There may also be a prodromal period during which neutrophils cycle, but
      the patient is neither neutropenic nor symptomatic.

PMID- 3706385
TI  - Serologic changes during induction of lupus-like disease by procainamide.
AB  - Procainamide-induced lupus is a well-recognized syndrome, but the events leading
      up to clinical symptoms are obscure. In the present study, serologic changes in a
      69-year-old man were monitored during his treatment with procainamide and after
      discontinuation of procainamide because of symptoms of drug-induced lupus.
      Antihistone antibodies of unique specificity and in vivo complement activation
      were detected after one year of procainamide therapy during a period prior to
      development of significant clinical symptoms. Antihistone antibodies and
      complement activation substantially increased during a full-blown episode of
      lupus-like symptoms. Progressive return to normal laboratory findings occurred
      after procainamide was discontinued. The antihistone/complement profile may be
      useful in the diagnosis of drug-induced lupus and warn of impending clinical
      deterioration in patients with minimal symptoms.

PMID- 3706386
TI  - Diabetes mellitus in the elderly. Proceedings of a symposium. July 11, 1985, New
      York City.

PMID- 3706387
TI  - Obesity and nutrition in elderly diabetic patients.
AB  - Obesity and lipid abnormalities are powerful independent predictors of both
      diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Nutrition affects the rate of atherogenesis
      in elderly patients with diabetes. Excess calories worsen glucose tolerance;
      recent studies relate dietary fats both to serum cholesterol levels within
      populations and to the development of coronary disease. Dietary and drug
      interventions for hypercholesterolemia have been found to reduce coronary disease
      rates. Some nutrients also elevate blood pressure, which further accelerates
      diabetic atherogenesis. For elderly diabetic patients who are at high risk of
      atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, control of diabetes should include--in
      addition to normalization of blood sugar levels--correction of blood lipids and
      control of weight and blood pressure.

PMID- 3706388
TI  - Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus in the elderly. The Framingham Study.
AB  - Factors potentially associated with adult-onset diabetes mellitus in the elderly
      were reviewed, using the Framingham Heart Study data and other population data.
      Incidence data for diabetes mellitus in the elderly are sparse, but they indicate
      that the prevalence of diabetes increases greatly with age. Prevalence rates
      commonly exceeded 10 percent in those over the age of 60. Men and women in the
      Framingham Study who were overweight by more than 40 percent had twice the
      prevalence of diabetes mellitus compared with those of normal weight.
      Hypertension and coexistent vascular disease were particularly common in elderly
      diabetic patients, with rates markedly greater than those found among younger
      adult-onset diabetic patients. In those 50 years of age or older, the later
      development of diabetes mellitus was associated with increased levels of very-low
      density lipoprotein cholesterol, decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein
      cholesterol, obesity, elevated casual glucose levels, use of diuretics, and
      preexisting vascular disease.

PMID- 3706389
TI  - Psychosocial aspects in the care of elderly diabetic patients.
AB  - Diabetes imposes specific requirements that elderly patients experience as added
      burdens. Diet, exercise, self-monitoring of blood glucose levels, taking
      prescribed medications, and regular visits to the physician's office are
      difficult for the elderly to incorporate into their lives. To appreciate the
      difficulty many elderly diabetic patients have in complying with treatment,
      physicians must understand the psychosocial realities faced by all older persons.
      Patient resistance decreases and compliance increases when physicians recognize
      the impact of these factors and adjust the therapeutic plan accordingly.
      Sensitive, communicative, knowledgeable, and understanding physicians will
      interact with patients and their families, assisting them to successfully
      accommodate to the demands that diabetes places on their already overburdened
      coping capabilities.

PMID- 3706390
TI  - Histopathologic correlates of inducible ventricular tachycardia in two
      experimental canine models of myocardial infarction.
AB  - Ventricular tachyarrhythmias are the leading cause of sudden cardiac death.
      Determination of the substrates conducive to the initiation of ventricular
      tachyarrhythmias remains an important clinical goal. The purpose of this study
      was to correlate electrophysiologic and histopathologic parameters conducive to
      the initiation of sustained ventricular tachycardia using programmed electrical
      stimulation in two canine models of myocardial infarction. Histopathologic
      correlates included: infarct pattern (heterogeneous vs. homogeneous morphology),
      distribution (viable epicardial or endocardial rim), and size. Twenty-one adult
      dogs were randomly divided into two groups: (1) 12 dogs underwent two-stage, 2
      hour occlusion of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD);
      and (2) nine animals had permanent, complete occlusion of the LAD with latex
      embolization. Using programmed ventricular pacing with two premature ventricular
      extrastimuli, initiation of ventricular tachycardia was attempted at both 1 and 2
      weeks after infarction with the chest closed and opened each time.
      Electrophysiologic evaluation of the infarct type correlated significantly with
      the histologic morphology of the infarction (p less than 0.001), the presence of
      a viable epicardial rim was an extremely important discriminating variable for
      ability to induce sustained ventricular tachycardia (p = 0.04). The presence of
      an endocardial rim was not significant (p = 1.0). Infarct size alone was only
      marginally related to ventricular tachycardia inducibility (p = 0.08). Non
      uniform infarcts were more conducive to the initiation of sustained ventricular
      tachycardia than homogeneous infarcts (p = 0.025). The presence of a large, non
      uniform infarct was the best overall discrimination variable for inducibility (p
      = 0.0002). Thus, in these experimental models, specific infarct morphologies
      correlate significantly with susceptibility to inducible sustained ventricular
      tachyarrhythmias.

PMID- 3706391
TI  - Effects of hypothyroidism and hypoparathyroidism on rat myocardium: mechanical
      and electrical alterations.
AB  - The mechanical and electrical effects of hypoparathyroidism (Px), hypothyroidism
      (Tx), and hypothyroidism combined with hypoparathyroidism (TPx) were investigated
      by comparing simultaneously recorded transmembrane action potentials and
      isometric and isotonic contractions recorded from the myocardium. Left
      ventricular papillary muscles from male Wistar rats were studied electrically and
      mechanically in a muscle bath at 30 degree C, stimulated at 0.1 Hz and external
      calcium = 2.4 mM. No significant difference was found between control (C), Px,
      Tx, and TPx preparations with regard to resting tension and developed tension.
      However, time to peak tension, time to one half relaxation and time to peak
      shortening were significantly increased in preparations from animals that were
      Px, Tx, and TPx as compared with age-matched controls. Maximum velocities of
      shortening (Vs) and relengthening (Vr) at all relative loads studied were
      significantly depressed in Px preparations when compared with those of C muscles.
      A greater depression was found in the Tx muscle and still greater depression of
      these indices was noted in TPx muscles. No significant difference was found
      between C, Px, Tx, and TPx action potential with regard to resting membrane
      potential (RMP), action potential amplitude (AMP), overshoot (OS), or maximum
      rate of rise of the upstroke (Vmax).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3706392
TI  - Essential thrombocytosis with the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph').
AB  - Essential thrombocytosis is a myeloproliferative disease not known to have
      consistent cytogenetic abnormalities. A 46-year-old black woman with essential
      thrombocytosis and a Philadelphia chromosome is reported. Iron deficiency and
      tuberculosis were present but when effectively treated did not result in
      resolution of thrombocytosis. Megakaryocytic hyperplasia of bone marrow, abnormal
      platelet function studies and a compatible clinical state suggested the diagnosis
      of essential thrombocytosis. The diagnostic criteria for other myeloproliferative
      diseases were not met. The Philadelphia chromosome was consistently obtained from
      bone marrow preparations. We conclude that the Philadelphia chromosome may be
      found in essential thrombocytosis as well as other, previously reported,
      myeloproliferative diseases.

PMID- 3706393
TI  - Adverse effect of phenytoin on mineralocorticoid replacement with fludrocortisone
      in adrenal insufficiency.
AB  - Two patients with longstanding adrenal insufficiency developed severe
      mineralocorticoid deficiency during concomitant phenytoin treatment. A 64-year
      old man with primary adrenal insufficiency of 41 years duration was treated with
      phenytoin for an acute seizure disorder. He subsequently developed
      mineralocorticoid insufficiency despite taking his customary dosages of cortisone
      acetate and fludrocortisone. This responded to volume repletion and increased
      fludrocortisone requirement from 0.05 mg to 0.4 mg daily, which decreased to the
      former amount following discontinuation of phenytoin. A 42-year-old woman with
      primary adrenal insufficiency of 3 years duration and a lifelong seizure disorder
      treated with phenytoin incurred multiple, life-threatening episodes of
      mineralocorticoid insufficiency. Her fludrocortisone requirement was ultimately
      established as 2.0 mg daily with a normal hydrocortisone requirement and
      clearance rate. Fludrocortisone thus appears to be another synthetic steroid
      whose metabolism is sensitive to drugs that increase hepatic 6-beta
      hydroxylation, such as phenytoin. Treatment with these inducing drugs may
      markedly alter mineralocorticoid requirements in patients with primary adrenal
      insufficiency.

PMID- 3706394
TI  - Tetany induced by hypokalemia in the absence of alkalosis.
AB  - A 36-year-old patient developed tetany manifested only by a positive Trousseau's
      sign and with a negative Chvostek's sign 8 weeks after gastric bypass surgery for
      obesity. The usual causes of tetany (hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia and alkalosis)
      were absent. The only possible etiology found was hypokalemia. Previous cases of
      hypokalemia induced tetany reported were always accompanied by alkalosis. Its
      absence in our patient makes this case unique and determines that hypokalemia per
      se in the absence of alkalosis may be a cause of tetany. It is suggested that the
      Trousseau's sign should be investigated in patients with severe potassium
      deficiency.

PMID- 3706395
TI  - Ethanol inhibition of granulocyte adherence.
AB  - Ethanol inhibits granulocyte adherence (GA) in whole blood. To determine the
      mechanism, GA was measured by the nylon fiber assay. In vitro addition of 300
      mg/dl ethanol to whole blood caused a 28.1% decrease of GA compared with the
      control value (p less than 0.009) but did not affect GA of pure PMNs suspended in
      plasma or in HBSS. Similarly, GA measured in whole blood from intoxicated rabbits
      fell 48.8% from preintoxication values, but adherence of isolated
      postintoxication PMNs suspended in postintoxication plasma was not inhibited.
      Therefore, inhibition of GA by ethanol requires the presence of other cellular
      components of whole blood. To determine which cell(s) mediate the inhibition,
      PMNs were suspended with isolated blood components: platelet-rich and platelet
      poor plasma, with and without the addition of mononuclear leukocytes and RBCs.
      Although the reconstitution of whole blood from its components allowed alcohol
      induced inhibition of GA (decrease of 32.9%), none of the incomplete blood
      component mixtures demonstrated this effect. It was concluded that inhibition of
      GA by ethanol is mediated by an interaction between the components of whole
      blood.

PMID- 3706396
TI  - Primary Candida meningitis and chronic granulomatous disease.
AB  - The occurrence of two rare entities in a single patient can be fortuitous or may
      signify some deeper relationship. A young boy was recently treated for primary
      Candida meningitis. Autopsy findings suggested to an experienced pathologist the
      presence of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), unrecognized during his life.
      The patient's identical twin brother was tested and found to have the typical
      laboratory features of CGD. The literature on Candida meningitis was reviewed and
      15 cases were discovered that apparently arose in the absence of recognized
      predisposing causes. All but one of these cases occurred in males, and most
      occurred during the first three decades of life. The case reports and literature
      review presented herein suggest that CGD should be suspected when a case of
      "primary" Candida meningitis is encountered.

PMID- 3706397
TI  - Acute myocardial infarction associated with DF-2 bacteremia after a dog bite.
AB  - This is the first reported case of an acute myocardial infarction probably
      secondary to DF-2 bacterial septicemia and presumed endocarditis. Selective
      coronary arteriography revealed a long filling defect causing 95% stenosis of the
      second diagonal branch of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Multiple
      blood cultures revealed Decarboxylase Fermentor-2 (DF-2) septicemia that
      responded to penicillin therapy. Two months status after myocardial infarction
      recatheterization revealed complete recanalization with slight irregularity of
      the vessel lumen at the site of previous obstruction.

PMID- 3706398
TI  - Chromosome deletion 1q42-43.
AB  - We report on a newborn male and a female of 3 years 9 months with de novo 1q42 or
      43-qter deletions. These cases are compared with ten other reported cases.

PMID- 3706399
TI  - Investigation on genetic heterogeneity in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
AB  - The preliminary results of a study to investigate possible genetic heterogeneity
      in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are reported. Ninety-eight patients have
      been analyzed: 47 were isolated cases; 51 were familial cases. The patients were
      divided into three groups (normal intelligence, borderline, and mentally
      retarded) according to mental capacity and a comparison of clinical evolution
      (onset of clinical signs and loss of ambulation) as well as serum enzyme
      activities (creatine-kinase and pyruvate-kinase). In addition intrafamilial
      correlation analysis was done for the same parameters. The preliminary results
      did not show a significant difference between DMD patients with normal
      intelligence and those with mental retardation.

PMID- 3706400
TI  - A new syndrome of severe upper limb hypoplasia and Mullerian duct anomalies.
AB  - We report on the occurrence of a new syndrome of upper limb hypoplasia and
      Mullerian duct anomalies in a French Canadian family. Limb/acral anomalies varied
      in expression from postaxial polydactyly to ectrodactyly to severe upper limb
      hypoplasia with split hand. Genital anomalies varied in expression from only a
      vaginal septum to complete duplication of uterus and vagina in the female to a
      micropenis in one of two affected males. The syndrome appears to be inherited as
      an autosomal dominant trait.

PMID- 3706401
TI  - On congenital lymphedema.

PMID- 3706402
TI  - A genetic association between microcephaly and lymphedema.
AB  - We discuss a family in which microcephaly and lymphedema are co-segregating as an
      apparently autosomal or X-linked dominant trait. A review of each malformation is
      presented with reference to the known genetic patterns of each. This combination
      of microcephaly and lymphedema may be a unique syndrome, previously undescribed
      because of subtleties of expression in affected individuals.

PMID- 3706403
TI  - The genetics of quantifiable homeostasis: I. The general issues.
AB  - Some fundamental issues in developing the quantitative genetics of heritable
      traits are addressed. Such a trait must be capable of being represented as a
      quantity. Choice of the metric can be satisfactorily made only in the light of
      some insight into the nature of the trait and what its revealing characteristics
      may be. This insight is likely to change as more is known about the process, so
      the form and detail of the analysis is not static but perhaps continually
      evolving. Much has been made out of sample means and, at a more sophisticated
      level, Galton-Fisher theory (the analysis of the first two moments of
      multivariate Gaussian variates). However, at least some processes seriously
      violate the assumptions underlying that theory. One such group comprises traits
      in which the means are unvarying and the genetic message lies in other aspects of
      the distribution; in these circumstances the standard summary statistics such as
      heritability, regression, and correlation may be totally uninformative,
      distracting, or even misleading. This paradox is illustrated by reference to
      homeostasis, where the Mendelian component lies, not in the mean, but in the
      degree of laxity of control. Since estimating higher moments is notoriously
      imprecise, the suggested remedy is the familial and commonsense one of exploring
      the genetics of the intermediate states and underlying mechanisms and not only
      that of the resultant ("bottom-line") phenotype. In our chosen problem, the task
      of relating the outcome to the basic mechanism of inheritance calls for a
      detailed understanding of the homeostasis involved.

PMID- 3706404
TI  - Ring chromosome 18 in a mother and son.
AB  - Inheritance of ring chromosomes is reported infrequently. We report on a mother
      and her son both with a ring 18 chromosome, and describe the associated
      manifestations. The son had microcephaly, ptosis, short stature, and mental
      retardation; the mother was mentally retarded and had a similar facial
      appearance.

PMID- 3706405
TI  - Distal deletion of the long arm of chromosome 6: a specific phenotype?
AB  - We report on an 8-month-old girl with a de novo 5q/6q autosomal translocation
      with loss of the distal part of the long arm of chromosome 6 (6q23.3----6qter);
      clinical manifestations are peculiar craniofacial stigmata, truncal obesity and
      persisting hypotonia. The similarity with a previously reported patient with 6q
      interstitial deletion is discussed.

PMID- 3706406
TI  - Hemoglobin C disorders in whites.

PMID- 3706407
TI  - Ring Y chromosome.

PMID- 3706408
TI  - A further case of cyclopia due to unbalanced segregation of a previously reported
      rcp(1;7)(q32;q34) familial translocation.

PMID- 3706409
TI  - Diploid-triploid mosaicism: report of necropsy findings.
AB  - This is the first report of necropsy findings associated with diploid-triploid
      mosaicism. The important pathological findings are presented and compared to
      those of pure triploidy and those noted in noninvasive studies of diploid
      triploid mosaics. The clinical findings in this patient are compared with those
      of other reported cases.

PMID- 3706410
TI  - A further patient with the Pitt-Rogers-Danks syndrome of mental retardation,
      unusual face, and intrauterine growth retardation.
AB  - A further case of a syndrome of pre- and postnatal growth retardation,
      characteristic face, and unusual palmar creases is described. This child also had
      hypoplasia of labia majora and minora, deafness, and head nodding. Apparently
      sporadic occurrence in this family does not rule out autosomal recessive
      inheritance of this syndrome first described by Pitt, Rogers, and Danks in 1984.

PMID- 3706411
TI  - Syndrome of short stature, microcephaly, mental retardation, and multiple
      epiphyseal dysplasia--Lowry-Wood syndrome.
AB  - We describe a brother and a sister with a syndrome of short stature,
      microcephaly, mental retardation, and multiple epiphyseal dysplasia. The parents
      were normal. This appears to be the second example of the syndrome first
      described by Lowry and Wood [1975] in two boys who had epiphyseal dysplasia,
      short stature, microcephaly, and nystagmus; one of these patients was mildly
      mentally retarded. The Lowry-Wood syndrome probably is an autosomal recessive
      trait.

PMID- 3706412
TI  - The Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome: pedigree studies on five families with evidence
      for autosomal dominant inheritance with variable expressivity.
AB  - We describe 18 individuals from five unrelated families with various
      manifestations of the Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome. Pedigree analysis was
      performed on the 5 families and on another 19 families in the literature, each of
      which included more than one affected person. The following findings were
      obtained: 1) the clinical manifestations among the affected individuals were
      highly variable--those obvious in infancy tended to become less distinct with
      increasing age; 2) the syndrome was transmitted directly and vertically through
      three generations in four families, and through two generations in seven
      families; 3) male-to-male transmission was noted once; 4) the sex ratio in the
      affected individuals was not significantly different from 1; 5) the segregation
      ratio of the trait among the sibs of the probands was 0.571 +/- 0.066; 6) the
      affected + carrier/normal ratio was one among the offspring of the affected
      individuals and obligate carriers; 7) phenotrance (the expected presence of the
      trait in a generation) of the syndrome in the sibship of probands was complete,
      whereas that in earlier generations appeared low. The discrepancy is attributable
      to the lessening of the clinical features with increasing age as well as to a
      possibly less aggressive search for abnormalities in older generations. These
      findings indicate that the syndrome is an autosomal dominant trait with variable
      expressivity. High-resolution chromosome banding analysis in seven affected
      individuals and their respective parents showed no abnormalities.

PMID- 3706413
TI  - A re-examination of major locus hypotheses for high density lipoprotein
      cholesterol level using 2,170 persons screened in 55 Utah pedigrees.
AB  - A dominant major locus (allele frequency of .0025 +/- .0014), resulting in low
      levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), was revealed by
      likelihood analysis on 2,170 persons in 55 Utah pedigrees. This allele was
      expressed through HDL-C levels ranging from 20 to 30 mg/dl in seven persons in
      two pedigrees. Early coronary heart disease was associated with the allele in one
      pedigree, but not in the other. In the pedigree without associated heart disease,
      HDL subfractions HDL2 and HDL3 were both low in individuals with the low HDL-C
      allele. No other major locus determining either high or low levels of HDL-C was
      identified in our sample. Polygenic heritability as part of the mixed model was
      estimated as .561 +/- .035.

PMID- 3706414
TI  - Zellweger syndrome: diagnostic assays, syndrome delineation, and potential
      therapy.
AB  - Patients with the cerebrohepatorenal syndrome of Zellweger lack peroxisomes and
      certain peroxisomal enzymes such as dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase in
      their tissues. Deficiency of this enzyme, which is necessary for glycerol ether
      lipid synthesis, provides a biochemical method for recognizing patients with
      subtle manifestations of Zellweger syndrome and suggests the utility of exogenous
      ether lipid precursors as a therapeutic strategy for these children. We describe
      the results of glycerol ether lipid supplementation to two children, one with
      classic Zellweger syndrome and 9% of control fibroblast dihydroxyacetone
      phosphate acyltransferase activity, and one with mild facial manifestations, wide
      sutures, hypotonia, developmental delay, hepatomegaly, peripheral retinal
      pigmentation, and 50% of control fibroblast dihydroxyacetone phosphate
      acyltransferase activity. An increase in erythrocyte plasmalogen levels following
      therapy was clearly demonstrated in the milder patient, and neither patient
      showed evidence of toxicity. Evaluation of therapy by comparison to the usual
      clinical course of Zellweger syndrome was not helpful because of the variability
      and incomplete documentation of 90 previously reported cases. The literature
      survey did provide criteria for classic Zellweger syndrome, which include
      hypotonia with or without deformation of limbs, large fontanels and split
      sutures, prominent forehead, flattened facial profile with hypoplastic
      supraorbital ridges, anteverted nares, highly arched palate, cryptorchidism or
      labial hypoplasia, hepatomegaly or elevated liver enzymes, peripheral
      pigmentation of the retina, renal cortical cysts, and characteristic
      neuropathology involving decreased myelinization, abnormal neuronal migration,
      and sudanophilic macrophages. Less severe patients, as exemplified by our case 2
      and others from the literature, will not have all the classic features and can be
      recognized only by a growing panel of biochemical indicators. Our patient studies
      illustrate the complexity of designing comprehensive therapy for Zellweger-like
      conditions, suggest other diseases that may involve peroxisomal alterations, and
      emphasize the need for multicenter, collaborative studies to evaluate biochemical
      heterogeneity and therapy of peroxisomal disorders.

PMID- 3706415
TI  - A comparison of the availability and content of genetic counseling as perceived
      by hemophilic men and carriers in the U.S.A., Canada, Scotland, and Greece.
AB  - A survey study was carried out with 211 hemophilic men and 205 carriers of
      hemophilia at four hemophilia centers in New York; London, Ontario; the West of
      Scotland; and Athens, Greece. The participants responded to a questionnaire
      exploring socio-demographic and medical information, attitudes toward hemophilia,
      and experience of and attitudes toward genetic counseling. The study shows
      differences between attitudes of hemophilic men and carriers, differences in
      perceived problems among patients and carriers in the four centers, and
      differences in opinions between consumers and professionals. Comprehensive
      services for hemophilic families available in the New York center facilitate both
      patient education and satisfaction.

PMID- 3706416
TI  - Renal involvement in patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.
AB  - A retrospective review of the records of 15 patients with thrombotic
      thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) was performed to determine the spectrum of renal
      involvement that occurs in this disease. All cases exhibited some evidence of
      renal involvement, the most common manifestation of which was an abnormal
      urinalysis. Twelve cases (80%) had some degree of elevation of the serum urea
      nitrogen (SUN) or creatinine level at some time during the course of their
      disease. Renal involvement could be categorized into three types depending on the
      severity of TTP. In those cases presenting as an acute devastating illness, renal
      insufficiency, when present, was severe and a dominant component of the disease.
      In those that pursued a more protracted course, with subsequent acute
      exacerbations of TTP, renal insufficiency was variable and less severe than in
      the first group. In those presenting with a mild form of TTP, renal involvement
      consisted primarily of an abnormal urine sediment and azotemia that corrected
      rapidly following fluid replacement. A review of the literature beginning with
      1966, when renal disease was established as part of the features that
      characterize TTP, provided 216 cases in whom sufficient data on renal involvement
      were recorded. Of the 168 cases where urinalysis was reported, hematuria was
      noted in 78% of the cases, proteinuria in 75, pyuria in 31, and cylindriuria in
      24%. Of the 181 cases where the admission SUN was reported, it was higher than 20
      mg/dl in 69% and greater than 60 mg/dl in 17% of the cases. The level of SUN was
      a significant determinant of the final prognosis of these patients.

PMID- 3706417
TI  - Cholesterol atheroembolic renal disease. Report of 3 cases with emphasis on
      diagnosis by skin biopsy and extended survival.
AB  - Because antemortem diagnosis is difficult, renal failure due to cholesterol
      atheroembolism has, until recently, been regarded as a uniformly irreversible and
      generally fatal disease. Of late, recovery of renal function in several patients
      in whom the diagnosis was made by organ or other invasive biopsy has been
      reported. Three cases of cholesterol atheroembolic renal failure in which the
      diagnosis was made by simple, noninvasive biopsy of the skin in areas showing
      livedo reticularis are described. Two of the patients, including 1 who required
      dialysis for 2 months, had an extended survival with recovery of renal function.

PMID- 3706418
TI  - Simultaneous occurrence of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis and acute
      rheumatic fever.
AB  - The simultaneous occurrence of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis and
      acute rheumatic fever is a rarity. We report here such an occurrence in a 9-year
      old Saudi boy whose kidney biopsy showed diffuse exudative glomerulonephritis
      with subepithelial humps on electron microscopy in the presence of active
      rheumatic carditis.

PMID- 3706419
TI  - Antibiotic-associated interstitial nephritis and nephrotic syndrome.
AB  - The combination of interstitial nephritis and minimal-change nephrotic syndrome
      has been well described in adults receiving nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
      agents. The association of interstitial nephritis and minimal-change nephrotic
      syndrome has recently been described in 1 adult patient receiving ampicillin and
      in 1 patient receiving rifampin. We describe an 8-month-old child who developed
      reversible interstitial nephritis and minimal-change nephrotic syndrome while
      taking antibiotics.

PMID- 3706420
TI  - Red blood cell membrane lipid peroxidation in continuous ambulatory peritoneal
      dialysis patients.
AB  - We have recently described that in the erythrocytes from uremic patients on
      chronic hemodialysis, the pentose-phosphate shunt is defective, the membrane
      concentrations of malonyldialdehyde, resulting from peroxidation of
      polyunsaturated fatty acids in the membranes themselves, are increased, and the
      concentrations of vitamin E, an antioxidizing agent, are reduced. In the present
      study we have analyzed these same metabolic aspects in a group of uremic patients
      in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. We have found normal function of
      the pentose-phosphate shunt, slightly elevated concentrations of
      malonyldialdehyde compared to controls, but definitely lower than in chronic
      hemodialysis patients, and higher tocopherol concentrations than in both controls
      and chronic hemodialysis patients.

PMID- 3706421
TI  - Moderate recreational running is associated with lowered salivary progesterone
      profiles in women.
AB  - Salivary progesterone profiles were studied in a group of recreational women
      runners (average 12.5 miles per week) and nonexercising control subjects.
      Although no differences were observed in the average cycle lengths of the two
      groups, luteal progesterone levels, both peak and average, were found to be
      significantly lower in the runners. A salivary progesterone level two standard
      deviations above the follicular phase average was used to discriminate luteal
      activity with 95% confidence. Runners averaged fewer days with sample values two
      standard deviations above this level and a shorter average interval between first
      and last samples observed above this level. However, no evidence was found of a
      delayed luteal progesterone rise among the runners. These results suggest that
      even moderate amounts of aerobic exercise may have effects on female reproductive
      function which would not be suspected from menstrual patterns alone.

PMID- 3706422
TI  - Cardiorespiratory fitness evaluation in climacteric women: comparison of two
      methods.
AB  - Middle-aged women are becoming increasingly interested in aerobic exercise. For
      exercise to be meaningful, training needs to be performed at 70% to 85% of VO2max
      for 20 minutes, three times weekly. The graded exercise test is the standard
      method used to determine maximum oxygen uptake, but this test is impractical for
      use in clinical practice. A cross-sectional study evaluated 163 women between 35
      and 75 years of age by graded exercise test and compared the result with a
      matched group of 121 women tested by bicycle ergometer (predicted maximum oxygen
      uptake). Bicycle testing and the graded exercise test had a similar range of
      values; this was confirmed by 29 climacteric women performing both tests (r =
      0.789). Menopausal status has no effect on cardiorespiratory fitness: the
      predicted maximum oxygen uptake of age-matched menstruating women was 27.4 +/-
      6.3 ml/kg/min and that of nonmenstruating women was 25.3 +/- 4.2 ml/kg/min (p
      greater than 0.05). Bicycle ergometry can thus be used as a screen to determine
      the cardiorespiratory fitness status of climacteric women.

PMID- 3706424
TI  - Postpartum moods in men and women.
AB  - Twenty-one married couples, recruited from childbirth classes (mean age 29.6
      years), were administered questionnaires measuring 20 different moods during the
      third trimester of pregnancy (prepartum period), during the postpartum period,
      and at 6 months after birth (follow-up period). In each questionnaire period
      individual questionnaires were filled out daily by both the mother and father for
      10 consecutive days. The results indicated that the postpartum period, compared
      with the prepartum and follow-up periods, is an emotionally unique time but not a
      period marked by depression. The moods that were rated as being experienced more
      strongly by men and women during the postpartum period were associated with
      anxiety and concern for one's ability to cope such as "nervousness," "worried,"
      "helpless," and "anxious" or positive emotions such as "enthusiastic" and
      "happy." It is concluded that men and women in this sample tend to experience the
      postpartum period in an emotionally similar way.

PMID- 3706423
TI  - Influence of breast-feeding on the restoration of the low serum concentration of
      vitamin E and beta-carotene in the newborn infant.
AB  - Vitamin E and beta-carotene are two important natural antioxidants. However, the
      mean (+/- SD) serum concentrations of beta-carotene in the cord blood of term
      (17.9 +/- 4.4 micrograms/dl) and preterm (14.04 +/- 4.7 micrograms/dl) infants
      are one eighth the concentration in the maternal serum (131 +/- 43
      micrograms/dl). Likewise the serum concentrations of vitamin E in the term (0.31
      +/- 0.09 mg/dl) and preterm (0.29 +/- 0.08 mg/dl) infants are one-third the
      concentration in the maternal serum (0.97 +/- 0.16 mg/dl). Human breast milk,
      particularly colostrum, contains very high concentrations of both vitamin E (3.28
      +/- 2.93 mg/dl) and beta-carotene (213 +/- 166 micrograms/dl). Thus the breast
      fed, term infant attains serum levels of both vitamin E and beta-carotene
      comparable to those in the adult within 4 to 6 days of breast-feeding. This study
      shows that the seeming barrier in the fetus to access to the antioxidants vitamin
      E and beta-carotene, in rapidly corrected and the substances are replenished
      postnatally through breast-feeding. This study therefore alludes to the possible
      role of breast-feeding in providing for the infant's defense against oxygen
      toxicity.

PMID- 3706425
TI  - Effect of acetone precipitation on the clinical prediction of respiratory
      distress syndrome when utilizing amniotic fluid lecithin/sphingomyelin ratios.
AB  - Amniotic fluid lecithin-to-sphingomyelin ratios are widely used to predict fetal
      lung maturity. The inclusion of acetone precipitation in the determination of the
      lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio has been widely accepted as a necessary step for
      enhancing predictivity. The lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio of 181 amniotic fluid
      samples was analyzed with and without acetone precipitation. Sensitivity,
      specificity, and predictive values were compared. Although there was a
      significant difference in the numeric value (p less than 0.001) between the two
      methods, the clinical prediction of the respiratory distress syndrome was not
      significantly enhanced by acetone precipitation. We conclude that acetone
      precipitation fails to improve the prediction of fetal lung maturity by
      lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio analysis.

PMID- 3706426
TI  - Serum fructosamine: a screening test for diabetes in pregnancy.
AB  - Serum fructosamine levels were measured in 1200 pregnant women at different
      stages of gestation, 167 of them having a glucose tolerance test. There was a
      significant fall in fructosamine levels throughout pregnancy and details of
      normal values at different gestational stages are presented. A good correlation
      was found between fructosamine and glucose tolerance test (r = 0.813). Nine women
      had gestational diabetes diagnosed by glucose tolerance test and eight of those
      had a serum fructosamine level greater than the ninety-fifth percentile. This
      study confirms our previous findings that serum fructosamine may be a useful
      screening test for gestational diabetes.

PMID- 3706427
TI  - Should the fifty-gram, one-hour plasma glucose screening test for gestational
      diabetes be administered in the fasting or fed state?
AB  - To determine whether the 50 gm, 1-hour plasma glucose screening test for
      gestational diabetes should be administered in the fasted or fed state, 50
      presumed normal and 20 gestational diabetic pregnant women in the early third
      trimester underwent this test twice, once under each condition, within a 1-week
      interval. There was no difference in test results under the two conditions among
      the normal individuals (fasted 118.4 +/- 24.7 mg/dl; fed 115.8 +/- 23.4 mg/dl).
      However, when the test was administered to women with known gestational diabetes,
      the result was significantly (p = 0.011) higher if patients were fasted (173.9 +/
      28.8 mg/dl) than if they had been given a standard 600 kcal meal 1 hour
      previously (154.8 +/- 24.1 mg/dl). The effect of these two conditions on the
      sensitivity and specificity of the screening test is described, and it is
      suggested that the threshold for glucose tolerance testing be 130 mg/dl if the
      test is administered in the fed state.

PMID- 3706428
TI  - Decreased fetal cord prolactin concentration in diabetic pregnancies.
AB  - Infants of diabetic mothers are known to have a greater incidence of respiratory
      distress syndrome than normal control infants. Fetal lung maturation is modulated
      by a large number of hormones. To further investigate a possible role of hormonal
      modulators of lung maturation in infants of diabetic mothers, fetal cord
      prolactin, estrone, estradiol, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and triiodothyronine
      resin uptake index levels were measured in infants of diabetic mothers (n = 40)
      and nondiabetic mothers (n = 40) at term. Infants of diabetic mothers had
      significantly lower mixed-cord serum prolactin levels (p less than 0.0005) than
      control infants. There was no significant difference in cord serum thyroxine,
      triiodothyronine-resin uptake index, triiodothyronine, estrone, or estradiol
      levels between the infants of diabetic mothers and the infants of control
      mothers. These findings raise the possibility that decreased fetal prolactin
      levels may be associated with, or contribute to, the delayed lung maturation
      reported with diabetic pregnancies.

PMID- 3706429
TI  - Hypertensive diseases of pregnancy and parity.
AB  - Chesley's classic long-term follow up study of eclamptic women clearly
      demonstrated the prognostic significance of parity in the differential diagnosis
      of various hypertensive diseases of pregnancy. Multiparous patients with
      eclampsia were different on long-term follow-up from primiparous eclamptic women.
      A logical conclusion from this observation is that multiparous and primiparous
      patient groups should be analyzed separately whenever hypertensive diseases of
      pregnancy are evaluated. This study is therefore an attempt to define the
      clinical profile of hypertension during pregnancy on the basis of parity alone.
      The prenatal and hospital records of 99 successive pregnant patients identified
      as hypertensive during a 1-year period at Mount Sinai Hospital Medical Center
      served as the study population. A group of 25 primiparous and 25 multiparous
      patients, all with uncomplicated pregnancies and normal deliveries in sequence
      during a 1-month period, served as normal nonhypertensive control groups. Various
      pregnancy parameters were statistically evaluated for study and control groups.
      Significant differences were found between hypertensive primiparous and
      multiparous patients in mean weight increase (p less than 0.05), gestational age
      at first increase in blood pressure (p less than 0.007), and time from first
      increase in blood pressure until delivery (p less than 0.008). The difference in
      birth weight was not significant between hypertensive groups. In contrast, among
      the control groups, multiparous patients had significantly larger offspring than
      primiparous patients (p less than 0.01). Weights of normal primiparous control
      women were almost identical to those of primiparous hypertensive women (3252.8 +/
      511.8 versus 3203.26 +/- 679.5 gm). Birth weights of offspring from multiparous
      hypertensive women, while not significantly different from those of primiparous
      hypertensive women, were significantly lower than those of multiparous control
      subjects (3093.94 +/- 898.7 versus 3593 +/- 305.6; p less than 0.01). No
      significant differences in a variety of laboratory findings, reflexes, edema, or
      mode of delivery were observed between the various groups. The clinical and
      laboratory presentation of hypertension in pregnancy may be similar between
      primiparous and multiparous patients. Nevertheless, clear differences do exist in
      both maternal presentation and impact of maternal disease on fetal growth and
      development. These differences strongly suggest a different pathophysiology as
      the underlying cause of hypertensive disease in primiparous and multiparous
      pregnant women.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3706430
TI  - Predictive value of fibronectin levels in normotensive gravid women destined to
      become preeclamptic.
AB  - The plasma fibronectin concentration was abnormally elevated (greater than 400
      micrograms/ml) in 16 of 17 normotensive gravid women who subsequently developed
      preeclampsia. Of this group, 13 had elevated levels detectable greater than or
      equal to 4 weeks before the onset of hypertension. Our results indicate that
      plasma fibronectin levels can be abnormally increased long before the onset of
      clinical symptoms and that abnormalities of this glycoprotein may be an early
      indication of this pathologic process.

PMID- 3706431
TI  - A retrospective study on the effects of steroid administration and prolongation
      of the latent phase in patients with preterm premature rupture of the membranes.
AB  - To address the issues of whether corticosteroid treatment and prolongation of the
      latent phase improve the outcome of pregnancy in patients with preterm premature
      rupture of the membranes, we studied 96 patients with premature rupture of the
      membranes who were delivered of infants of adequate weight for gestational age
      with birth weights between 751 and 2000 gm and who had a latent period longer
      than 48 hours. Of these 96 infants, 53 received treatment with steroids and
      tocolytic agents and 43 received no treatment. We found a significant decrease in
      perinatal mortality and in the incidence of moderate and severe hyaline membrane
      disease in infants whose mothers received glucocorticoids. The protective effect
      of glucocorticoid therapy was limited to infants with a birth weight between 751
      and 1000 gm or with a gestational age of 27 to 28 weeks. We also found a
      significant increase in perinatal mortality, mainly due to infection, when the
      latent phase was prolonged for greater than 7 days, regardless of the type of
      management.

PMID- 3706432
TI  - The role of lymphangiography in vulvar carcinoma.
AB  - The records of all patients with vulvar carcinoma seen at Washington University
      School of Medicine between 1970 and 1983 were reviewed to determine the role of
      lymphangiography in the management of patients with vulvar malignancy. Forty
      three patients were identified who had a preoperative lymphangiogram followed by
      radical vulvectomy and lymph node dissection. Thirty-two films were available for
      review. Seventy-seven sets of lymph nodes were obtained from the 32 patients.
      Overall diagnostic accuracy was 42 of 77 (54.5%), with a sensitivity of three of
      19 (15.7%) and a specificity of 39 of 59 (66.1%). Corresponding values for
      inguinal nodes were 26 of 57 (45.6%), two of 16 (12.5%), and 24 of 41 (58.5%),
      respectively. Accuracy rates for pelvic nodes were 16 of 21 (76.2%) with a
      sensitivity rate of one of three (33%) and a specificity of 15 of 18 (83%).
      Negative scans were more likely to be accurate than positive scans, 88.6% versus
      30%. While a negative lymphangiogram may be helpful in predicting the absence of
      metastases, its poor specificity limits its widespread usefulness.

PMID- 3706433
TI  - The length of the human umbilical cord in vertex and breech presentations.
AB  - The present study is based on two previously stated theories: (1) that the
      umbilical cord length is influenced by fetal motor activity and (2) that the
      breech presentation is associated with low fetal motor activity. From this one
      would expect the mean cord length to be shorter in breech presentations as
      compared with vertex. This was indeed found to be the case. An already known
      difference between the sexes regarding cord length was also confirmed, and a
      difference in male:female ratio in the two presentations is shown. The results of
      the study thus seem to support the two stated theories.

PMID- 3706434
TI  - Human chorionic gonadotropin in early normal and pathologic pregnancy. Discordant
      levels in peripheral maternal blood and blood from the uterine and abdominal
      cavities.
AB  - Human chorionic gonadotropin was assayed in 25 cases after first-trimester
      induced abortion, in 45 cases of spontaneous abortion in the first trimester, and
      in 27 cases of ectopic pregnancy. Blood was obtained from an antecubital vein and
      from the uterine cavity. In the cases of ectopic pregnancy blood was also
      obtained from the abdominal cavity. In the group of induced abortion the human
      chorionic gonadotropin levels in peripheral maternal blood did not differ
      significantly from the levels in the uterine cavity. In the groups of spontaneous
      abortion and ectopic pregnancy the human chorionic gonadotropin levels were
      significantly higher in blood from the uterine cavity and the abdominal cavity,
      respectively. In four cases (three with spontaneous abortion and one with an
      ectopic pregnancy) human chorionic gonadotropin was not detectable in peripheral
      maternal blood, while it was found in blood from the uterine and abdominal
      cavities.

PMID- 3706435
TI  - Factors related to the increasing cesarean section rates for cephalopelvic
      disproportion.
AB  - At the Highland Park Hospital the increase in cesarean section rates has
      paralleled the national increase. Data from cesarean deliveries performed for
      cephalopelvic disproportion (a leading reason for cesarean section) in 1969 to
      1972 (group 1) and 1979 to 1982 (group 2) were evaluated to determine maternal,
      fetal, and delivery factors that might be related to the increase in the rates.
      The data suggested that the more frequent diagnosis of cephalopelvic
      disproportion and the increased size of the group 2 infants were the primary
      reasons for the increase in cesarean section rate. This increased rate was
      paralleled by a decline in forceps-assisted delivery and in perinatal mortality
      rates.

PMID- 3706436
TI  - Effects of maternal transport on admission patterns at a tertiary care center.
AB  - Major changes have occurred in the delivery of perinatal care during the last two
      decades. Documentation of perinatal regionalization statistics at Women and
      Infants Hospital of Rhode Island in Providence support the increasing proportion
      of low birth weight infants in the region being born at the tertiary care center,
      the decreasing number of neonatal transports in concert with an increasing number
      of maternal transports, and the increasing proportion of neonatal transports with
      birth weights greater than or equal to 2500 gm. Patterns of modern perinatal care
      are materially changing the delivery of health care at tertiary care facilities.

PMID- 3706437
TI  - Septic shock with renal failure after chorionic villus sampling.
AB  - A report of septic shock and renal failure after a chorionic villus sampling is
      presented. Uterine evacuation, antibiotics, and vasopressor therapy were
      unsuccessful in reversing hypotension, coagulopathy, and anuria. The patient's
      condition improved only after exploratory laparotomy and removal of the uterus,
      ovaries, and fallopian tubes. The incidence of such serious complications must be
      determined.

PMID- 3706438
TI  - Relationship of baseline fetal heart rate to gestational age and fetal sex.
AB  - A study of 37 patients who underwent 365 antepartum fetal heart rate tests showed
      a significant difference in heart rate between 19 to 24 weeks' and 36 to 40
      weeks' gestation. Baseline heart rate remained within the normal range,
      suggesting that an abnormal heart rate at any gestational age should prompt
      further fetal assessment. Baseline fetal heart rate was not significantly
      different between male and female fetuses.

PMID- 3706439
TI  - Relaxin and the radiolucent fissure in the symphysis pubis during pregnancy: the
      gas phenomenon.
AB  - A vertical radiolucent fissure is frequently seen in the symphysis pubis on x-ray
      pelvimetry studies. This phenomenon is illustrated and discussed. It appears to
      be a parameter of targeted relaxin softening and stretching of the symphysis.

PMID- 3706440
TI  - Factors influencing nonstress test results in multiple gestations.
AB  - The nonstress test remains the most widely used method of antepartum fetal health
      assessment in multiple gestations. However, few data are available on factors
      influencing its results in those cases. Our observation on 530 such tests has
      shown results similar to those in singleton gestations. Prematurity was
      associated with a higher rate of nonreactive tests; however, order and mode of
      presentation had no impact.

PMID- 3706441
TI  - Folate deficiency presenting as pancytopenia in pregnancy.
AB  - Folate deficiency is a well-known complication of pregnancy. We present a case of
      folate deficiency with profound pancytopenia. Although this is a well-known
      consequence of folate deficiency, we wish to reemphasize this dramatic
      complication of pregnancy.

PMID- 3706442
TI  - Gaucher's disease in pregnancy associated with portal hypertension.
AB  - A case is reported of Gaucher's disease in pregnancy associated with portal
      hypertension. Despite this rare and hazardous complication, the pregnancy, labor,
      and puerperium were uneventful.

PMID- 3706443
TI  - Uterine metabolism of the pregnant rabbit under chronic steady-state conditions.
AB  - The study of uterine metabolism in pregnancy under chronic steady-state
      conditions has been confined to large mammals and, more recently, to the guinea
      pig. The pregnant rabbit is of interest because of its short gestation and large
      litter size. We developed an indirect approach involving retrograde
      catheterization of the uterine venous drainage, permitting measurement of both
      uterine metabolic quotients and uterine uptakes. Radioactive microspheres were
      used to measure blood flow. A large lactate and ammonia efflux from the uterus
      was found. In the fed state, ketogenic substrates were taken up in small amounts.
      However, during starvation a significant increase in ketoacid uptake was observed
      with a concurrent fall in acetate uptake. There was a large glucose/oxygen
      quotient across the uterus, but the glucose plus lactate/oxygen quotient was
      comparable to that found in the sheep and guinea pig (0.6 +/- 0.1). It is
      apparent that in all three species studied under chronic steady-state conditions
      (sheep, guinea pig, and rabbit) there is a large glucose uptake associated with a
      net lactate production, and fuels other than glucose and lactate must be used by
      the uterus.

PMID- 3706444
TI  - Maternal ovine placental vascular responses to adenosine.
AB  - We have examined the effect of adenosine given via retrograde uterine artery
      catheter at 25 mg/min to nine chronically catheterized near-term sheep pretreated
      with angiotensin II, 5 micrograms/min, via the jugular vein. Blood flows were
      measured by the microsphere technique. Flows were measured at rest, after 10
      minutes of angiotensin II infusion, and after 1.5 minute of adenosine infusion.
      Blood pressure increased with angiotensin II infusion from 101 +/- 2.63 to 130 +/
      4.33 mm Hg (p less than 0.05) and then remained unchanged with local adenosine
      infusion at 129 +/- 4.33 mm Hg (NS). Organ resistances were: Tissue Control
      Angiotensin II Adenosine Uterine resistance/gm 299 +/- 0.04 767 +/- 83 (p less
      than 0.05) 355 +/- 37.7 (p less than 0.05) Cotyledonary resistance/gm 37.9 +/-
      4.83 48.1 +/- 4.93 (p less than 0.05) 50.10 +/- 5.27 (p less than 0.05) The
      experimental uterine tissue resistance increased with angiotensin II and showed
      vasodilation in response to adenosine. The cotyledonary resistance increased with
      angiotensin II infusion but showed no change in response to adenosine. The
      maternal-placental response was anomalous. Angiotensin II-induced maternal
      placental vasoconstriction cannot be opposed by the exogenous administration of
      adenosine.

PMID- 3706445
TI  - The effect of a calcium channel blocker (nifedipine) on uterine blood flow in the
      pregnant goat.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to analyze the changes in maternal uterine blood
      flow, maternal arterial blood pressure, and maternal heart rate with the
      intravenous administration of nifedipine in pregnant, unanesthetized pygmy goats.
      Bolus injections of 2.5 to 45 micrograms/kg of maternal weight were used. Uterine
      blood flow did not fall significantly. A transient fall in maternal arterial
      blood pressure occurred in the first minute after the injection, but the pressure
      returned to normal after 5 minutes. Maternal heart rate increased immediately
      after the bolus of nifedipine and returned toward the control value by 30
      minutes.

PMID- 3706446
TI  - Goiter in pregnancy.

PMID- 3706447
TI  - Measurements of delta optical density at 450 nm in SS disease.

PMID- 3706448
TI  - Breast-feeding in thrombocytopenic neonates secondary to maternal autoimmune
      thrombocytopenic purpura.

PMID- 3706449
TI  - Mobiluncus-specific antibodies in a postoperative infection.

PMID- 3706450
TI  - Finger extension of transverse uterine incision.

PMID- 3706451
TI  - Relative placental size in growth-retarded infants.

PMID- 3706452
TI  - Perinatal events and cerebral palsy.
AB  - This review highlights recent studies that refute the following hypothesis on the
      genesis of cerebral palsy: The risk factors that cause death are also risk
      factors for brain damage resulting in cerebral palsy, if they occur at lower
      intensity, less frequently, or for a shorter duration. Untested, unproved, and
      invalid theories that emerged in the 1950s stimulated the assembly of much data
      that are at odds with the notion that the pathways of causation for cerebral
      palsy and perinatal mortality are identical.

PMID- 3706454
TI  - Necessity of endocervical curettage in colposcopy.
AB  - The use of endocervical curettage was evaluated in 200 patients undergoing
      colposcopy, biopsy, endocervical curettage, and conization. It is suggested that
      endocervical curettage be performed only in cases of satisfactory colposcopy,
      since patients with unsatisfactory colposcopy should undergo conization.

PMID- 3706453
TI  - Toxic shock syndrome, contraceptive methods, and vaginitis.
AB  - To elucidate further the etiology of toxic shock syndrome, we assessed the
      effects of certain contraceptive methods and recent history of vaginal infection
      on the incidence of toxic shock syndrome, with confounding effects of other risk
      factors controlled. We found a strong but imprecise positive association between
      toxic shock syndrome and tubal ligation (rate ratio = 7.9, 90% confidence
      interval 1.4 to 42.7). We also observed a negative association with oral
      contraceptives (rate ratio = 0.49, 90% confidence interval 0.22 to 1.1) and a
      positive association with a recent history of vaginitis (rate ratio = 2.1, 90%
      confidence interval 1.2 to 3.9).

PMID- 3706455
TI  - Compliance with topical pilocarpine treatment.
AB  - Using an unobtrusive eyedrop medication monitor, we measured compliance with
      topical pilocarpine treatment in a sample of 184 patients. The eyedrop monitor
      recorded electronically the date and time of each pilocarpine administration over
      a four- to six-week period. The subjects administered a mean +/- S.D. of 76.0% +/
      24.3% of the prescribed pilocarpine doses. Eleven patients (6%) took less than
      one quarter and 28 patients (15.2%) took less than one half of the prescribed
      administrations. In contrast, when the subjects were interviewed they reported
      taking a mean +/- S.D. of 97.1% +/- 5.9% of the prescribed pilocarpine doses. As
      determined by the monitor, 45 patients (24.5%) had at least one day per month
      with no administrations of pilocarpine; 56 subjects (30.4%) compressed the doses
      during the daytime hours, leaving an interval between the night dose and the
      morning dose the next day of 12 hours or more. The rate of compliance was
      significantly higher (P less than .0001) in the 24-hour period preceding the
      return appointment than in the entire observation period.

PMID- 3706456
TI  - Can ophthalmologists correctly identify patients defaulting from pilocarpine
      therapy?
AB  - We determined whether clinical measurements and assessments available to
      ophthalmologists could be used to identify patients who default from pilocarpine
      treatment. The measurements and assessments included intraocular pressure,
      pupillary diameter, pupillary reactivity to light, the patient's report of
      compliance, the physician's prediction of compliance, the patient's log of
      pilocarpine administration, and the weight of pilocarpine eyedrops utilized.
      Compliance with the pilocarpine regimen was measured with an unobtrusive eyedrop
      medication monitor. Intraocular pressure and pupillary diameter did not correlate
      with compliance to the regimen as measured by the eyedrop monitor. Pupillary
      reaction to light, the physician's prediction of compliance, a daily log of
      pilocarpine administration, the weight of pilocarpine utilized, and the patient's
      report of compliance correlated modestly with compliance as measured by the
      monitor (range of correlations, 0.19 to 0.24). However, none of these measures
      taken by itself or combined in any manner adequately distinguished patients with
      lower rates of compliance from those with higher rates of compliance. At present,
      the eyedrop monitor is the only reliable method for detecting patients who
      default from treatment.

PMID- 3706458
TI  - Regulation of intraocular pressure during cyclocryotherapy for advanced glaucoma.
AB  - Five eyes of five patients with advanced glaucoma were treated with
      cyclocryotherapy. Intraocular pressure was monitored by applanation tonometry
      during the procedure and for the first 24 hours postoperatively. Two patients
      underwent a standard form of treatment, and exhibited two components of acute
      increases in intraocular pressure as a result of the procedure. Intraoperatively,
      intraocular pressure increased abruptly to 60 to 80 mm Hg during the freezing
      phase of cyclocryotherapy and decreased to baseline levels during the thaw phase.
      Postoperatively, intraocular pressure increased to approximately 50 mm Hg,
      peaking six hours after the procedure. We devised a method of manometric
      regulation of intraocular pressure to prevent significant increases during
      cyclocryotherapy and used it in three patients. This group maintained intraocular
      pressures of approximately 25 mm Hg intraoperatively, and exhibited blunted
      postoperative increases. Manometric regulation of intraocular pressure during
      cyclocryotherapy for advanced glaucoma may protect seriously compromised optic
      nerves from further damage, and may represent a safer method of treatment.

PMID- 3706457
TI  - Betaxolol in patients with glaucoma and asthma.
AB  - We evaluated the use of topically administered betaxolol, a cardioselective beta
      adrenergic blocking agent, in 11 patients (eight women and three men, 40 to 81
      years old) who had asthma and severe glaucoma with increased intraocular pressure
      despite maximally tolerated medical therapy. In each of these patients, timolol
      was either contraindicated or had previously led to development of pulmonary
      symptoms or complications. Before betaxolol, mean forced expiratory volumes in
      one second were 66% in the men and 80% in the women of reported normal values in
      age- and height-matched groups. Betaxolol was then topically administered twice
      daily. All patients continued to administer betaxolol without exacerbation of
      pulmonary symptoms and without deterioration in measured pulmonary function
      tests. Betaxolol further reduced intraocular pressure by a mean of 18% (4 mm Hg)
      when added to the patients' otherwise maximal regimen.

PMID- 3706459
TI  - A high-efficiency laser iridotomy-sphincterotomy lens.
AB  - A new laser iridotomy-sphincterotomy contact lens, bearing a 103-diopter optical
      button decentered 2.5 mm, gives the smallest iris focal spot and highest iris
      energy density practicably obtainable with a single optical glass refracting
      surface placed upon a thin Goldmann-type contact lens. By increasing iris energy
      density to a level 7.79 times greater than that from a plano contact lens and
      2.92 times greater than that from the Abraham lens, the lens increases the iris
      burn temperature level above the threshold level for evaporative pyrolysis, even
      at exposures of 0.01 and 0.02 second, thus facilitating argon laser iridotomy and
      iris sphincterotomy by the linear incision method. Corneal and retinal energy
      exposures are greatly reduced. Used with the Nd-YAG laser, the lens increases
      efficiency for iridotomy and for division of vitreous bands in the anterior
      chamber.

PMID- 3706460
TI  - Photic retinopathy from the operating room microscope.
AB  - Photic retinopathy was produced in two patients after a 60-minute exposure to
      light from an operating room microscope (Zeiss OpMi 6). The first patient had a
      blind eye with clear (phakic) media and a normal-appearing retina. A 60-minute
      exposure produced an oval gray lesion in the posterior pole at the level of the
      pigment epithelium. With an ultraviolet-400 filter added for a second exposure, a
      second lesion was produced. The second patient received a 60-minute exposure
      (without an ultraviolet filter) 72 hours before enucleation for a malignant
      melanoma. This produced photic retinopathy that resulted in a slight decrease in
      central visual acuity and a dense paracentral scotoma. This conclusively
      establishes a cause-and-effect relationship between exposure to the light from an
      operating room microscope and a retinal lesion in the human eye.

PMID- 3706461
TI  - Observations on long-term follow-up of posterior scleritis.
AB  - Clinical features of posterior scleritis were noted in 12 eyes of nine patients
      followed up for one to seven years. The signs of this clinical entity varied from
      transitory choroidal folds in the fundus to extensive scleral and choroidal edema
      with associated edema of Tenon's space and of the optic nerve sheath. These were
      detected only by ultrasonography. Histopathologic examination of one eye
      disclosed granulomatous inflammatory reaction in the involved scleral and
      choroidal areas. Local and systemic treatment with corticosteroids seemed not to
      affect the clinical course or outcome.

PMID- 3706462
TI  - Clinicopathologic correlation of lipidization and detachment of the retinal
      pigment epithelium.
AB  - A 49-year-old woman had a few small drusen-like lesions and one larger area of
      depigmentation in the right fundus. The pin-point lesions corresponded to single
      enlarged retinal pigment epithelial cells with lipid accumulation and the larger
      area represented a small, localized retinal pigment epithelial detachment (soft
      druse). Lipoidal degeneration of individual retinal pigment epithelial cells may
      be a mechanism of nodular drusen formation. The soft druse was associated with
      thickening of the basement membrane of the retinal pigment epithelium.

PMID- 3706463
TI  - Stereopsis in normal infants and infants with congenital esotropia.
AB  - We used electro-oculographic recordings of eye movement responses to a dynamic
      random-dot stereogram to assess stereopsis in normal infants and in infants with
      congenital esotropia. Normal infants showed an onset of stereopsis at about 4
      months of age, consistent with previous reports. Four of nine infants with
      congenital esotropia demonstrated stereopsis when tested within two weeks of
      surgical alignment. No patient with congenital esotropia showed evidence of
      stereopsis when tested at a postoperative interval of more than two weeks.

PMID- 3706464
TI  - Linear regression software for intraocular lens implant power calculation.
AB  - Regression equations for the calculation of intraocular lens power are popular.
      Because some of the variables in cataract surgery are surgeon-specific, every
      surgeon should ideally have a personalized formula. We have developed software
      enabling those with access to IBM-compatible microcomputers to develop equations
      based on their own data.

PMID- 3706465
TI  - Correction of upper eyelid retraction using tissue removed in blepharoptosis
      repair.
AB  - Five patients (four women, 41, 51, 66, and 78 years old, and a 5-year-old boy)
      had blepharoptosis of one upper eyelid and an abnormal retraction of the other
      eyelid. Both anomalies were corrected at the same operation by using the tissue
      removed during blepharoptosis repair in one eyelid to correct the retraction in
      the other eyelid. As a result, both upper eyelids had a more normal, symmetric
      appearance and eyelid function was maintained.

PMID- 3706466
TI  - Miconazole and ketoconazole as a satisfactory first-line treatment for
      keratomycosis.
AB  - In 20 patients (11 males and nine females, 3 to 65 years old) with fungal
      keratitis, Fusarium was identified in eight cases, Aspergillus in four,
      Drechslera in three, and Curvularia, Candida, and Nocardia in one each. In two
      cases the organism was not identified. Treatment with topical and subconjunctival
      miconazole along with ketoconazole resulted in healing in 13 cases. Modification
      of this regimen produced healing in three additional cases. Four cases progressed
      to blindness despite therapy.

PMID- 3706467
TI  - The compliance factor.

PMID- 3706468
TI  - Aspiration-irrigation syringe for extracapsular cataract extraction operated with
      one hand.

PMID- 3706469
TI  - Acetazolamide and advanced liver disease.

PMID- 3706470
TI  - Nosocomial Pseudomonas keratitis in a critical-care nurse.

PMID- 3706471
TI  - A device for testing malingering and binocular refraction.

PMID- 3706472
TI  - Gelatin implants in glaucoma filtering surgery.

PMID- 3706473
TI  - Macula photocoagulation lens.

PMID- 3706474
TI  - The X16 slit-lamp eyepiece, a high plus lens for indirect biomicroscopy.

PMID- 3706475
TI  - Corneal changes during pilocarpine gel therapy.

PMID- 3706476
TI  - An unusual corneal complication of soft contact lens.

PMID- 3706477
TI  - Characteristics of exodeviations: I. A comparison of three classes.
AB  - A retrospective study of 179 patients (69 males and 110 females) with binocular
      visual dysfunction and an exodeviation at distance or near or at both distances
      has been completed. The mean age of 19.7 years was significantly younger than the
      population from which they were referred. The patients were classed as
      convergence insufficiency, equal exodeviation, or divergence excess, based on the
      relation of the distance and near angles of deviation. Based on these criteria,
      interaction was found to be present between the diagnostic class and the
      frequency of the deviation, the symptoms reported, and a variety of clinical
      parameters such as the angles of deviation at distance and near, the AC/A ratio,
      positive and negative vergence values, the amplitude of accommodation, and the
      threshold of stereopsis. A number of statistical relations were noted between the
      frequency of the deviation vs. the symptoms reported and a variety of the
      clinical parameters. The implications of these results are discussed.

PMID- 3706478
TI  - Characteristics of exodeviations: II. Changes with treatment with orthoptics.
AB  - This study examined retrospectively the records of 179 patients who had binocular
      visual dysfunction as a result of an exodeviation (either at distance or near or
      both). The patients were classified as having convergence insufficiency (N =
      110), equal exodeviations (N = 49), or divergence excess (N = 18). The diagnostic
      groups and the different frequencies of deviation reacted differently to
      treatment with a standard orthoptic regimen. Nearly all the patients (97%)
      achieved some improvement in either objective or subjective areas or both.
      However, fewer were able to satisfy the criteria set for total success. Factors
      correlated with the success of the treatment were the initial angle of deviation
      at distance and the initial level of stereopsis. The results and implications of
      this study are discussed.

PMID- 3706479
TI  - Field of vergence limits.
AB  - The binocular visual field is the combined visual field obtained when the eyes
      are fixating a given point without head movements. The binocular field of
      fixation is the area within which central bifixation is possible by moving the
      eyes but not the head. This study introduces a new concept of the binocular
      field, namely, the vergence limit field, defined as the binocular field of
      fixation that allows for a specified amount of vergence eye movements at its
      limits. A newly developed instrument and technique were used to measure this
      field for a number of normal subjects.

PMID- 3706480
TI  - Blind spot "fixation" in normal eyes: implications for eccentric viewing in
      bilateral macular disease.
AB  - Normal subjects were trained to look to the side of a small, flickering target in
      order to make this target disappear within the physiological blind spot of the
      right eye. Subsequently, subjects aimed the eye more eccentrically when the
      target was nearer and less eccentrically when the target was farther than when it
      was at the training distance of 1.5 m. Thus, the eccentric eye aiming of our
      subjects represented a compromise between looking to the side of the target by a
      constant visual angle and by a constant lateral extent. We propose that patients
      who lose central vision bilaterally may similarly err in trying to aim the
      diseased macula to one side of targets by a constant visual angle, impeding their
      ability to use a single, nonfoveal region effectively.

PMID- 3706481
TI  - Contrast sensitivity function as a screening test: a critique.
AB  - Currently, there is intense clinical, commercial, and academic interest in the
      potential value of the contrast sensitivity function (CSF) for detecting eye
      disease. This paper contains an evaluation of the CSF as a screening test.
      Questions are raised concerning its scoring, accuracy, reliability, and
      robustness in screening situations. We conclude that the CSF cannot be of much
      value in visual screening until these questions are answered.

PMID- 3706482
TI  - Effect of a central fusion stimulus on fixation disparity.
AB  - Fixation disparity (FD) measurements were made with a 1.5 degree diameter
      fusional stimulus both with and without a central fusion stimulus. Measurements
      were made at 40 cm with no prism, 5 delta base-in (BI) and base-out (BO), and 10
      delta BI and BO, on a group of asymptomatic subjects. The central fusion stimulus
      results in less variable measurements and a flatter slope of the fixation
      disparity curve (FDC). Implications of the use of the central stimulus for
      clinical measurements are discussed.

PMID- 3706483
TI  - Needs analysis for teachers of the visually impaired.
AB  - The needs of educators dealing with low vision children were assessed by use of a
      mailed questionnaire. Teachers of the visually impaired (VH) of the Los Angeles
      City, Los Angeles County, and Long Beach City districts comprised the sample
      population. Analysis of the results revealed unmet needs in the following areas:
      teachers' knowledge in use of low vision aids, lack of low vision assessment by
      vision care specialists for their students, difficulty with adequacy of eye
      reports, and lack of communication with their students' eye care specialists.
      Recommendations are made for improvement of these problem areas.

PMID- 3706484
TI  - Color preferences in films for fundus photography.
AB  - Photographs that provide a colorimetrically faithful image of the original object
      are known to be subjectively unacceptable. Color photographic films depict a
      distortion of the color of the original in order to produce a subjectively
      acceptable reproduction. The distorsions involved may not be appropriate for the
      reproduction of ocular fundus photographs. This paper assesses the performance of
      a variety of color slide films in producing photographs of the ocular fundus that
      are subjectively acceptable. Assessments were made of the photographs of the
      fundi of blond, dark Asian, and Indian patients. The result of the assessment is
      a recommendation that points toward the photographic film that will produce the
      subjectively most acceptable color reproduction.

PMID- 3706485
TI  - Does prior instillation of a topical anesthetic enhance the effect of
      tropicamide?
AB  - Preinstillation of a topical anesthetic has been reported to increase the effect
      of subsequently applied mydriatics. We examined the effect of instilling 1 drop
      of proparacaine hydrochloride (0.5%) before applying 1 drop of tropicamide (1%).
      The results show that preanesthesia prolongs the mydriatic and the cycloplegic
      effects of tropicamide in eyes with either lightly or more heavily pigmented
      irides.

PMID- 3706486
TI  - Effect of phenylephrine on accommodation.
AB  - We studied the effect of the topical instillation of phenylephrine hydrochloride
      on accommodation. Factors considered were iris color and the influence of the
      prior application of a topical anesthetic. There has been controversy concerning
      the role of the sympathetic nervous system in accommodation. Our results indicate
      that the sympathetic nervous system does influence accommodation. Prior
      application of an anesthetic prolongs the effect of phenylephrine on the
      accommodation and on pupil diameter in eyes with either lightly or more heavily
      pigmented irides.

PMID- 3706487
TI  - A system of retinoscopy for the aged eye.
AB  - A method of retinoscopy is described in which an optical arrangement magnifies
      the patient's pupil and makes it easier to see the retinoscopic reflex. At the
      same time, the method permits retinoscopic observation by the emmetropic examiner
      without need for accommodation, a distinct advantage to the presbyopic examiner.
      The relationship between retinoscope position and dioptric power-error is linear,
      a feature that facilitates cylinder determination using a variable-distance
      technique.

PMID- 3706488
TI  - Induced complementary chromatopsia.

PMID- 3706489
TI  - What's artificial in artificial tears?
AB  - After reviewing tear film physiology, and tear film disorders, the author
      discusses the ingredients found in artificial tear solutions. Choosing the best
      artificial tear solution for each patient is often confusing because many
      solutions are available. Understanding the actions of these preparations will aid
      the practitioner in prescribing more effectively and efficiently for patients.

PMID- 3706491
TI  - Immunohistochemical analysis of monoclonal antibodies to renal antigens.
      Application in the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma.
AB  - Four mouse monoclonal antibodies reacting with renal proximal epithelium were
      characterized on normal adult tissues, fetal kidneys, and various malignancies.
      These four antibodies were found to react with renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) but
      not with a variety of other tumors. Three antibodies react only with some primary
      RCCs and not with metastatic RCCs. The fourth antibody, RC 38, reacts with 46 of
      47 primary RCCs tested and with 8 of 13 RCC metastases. No reaction was seen with
      179 tumors of various origin, which indicates that this antibody is very useful
      in diagnosing RCC.

PMID- 3706490
TI  - Mechanisms of arterial graft healing. Rapid transmural capillary ingrowth
      provides a source of intimal endothelium and smooth muscle in porous PTFE
      prostheses.
AB  - Endothelial coverage of an exposed synthetic vascular graft surface limits
      thrombosis and may improve long-term graft performance. In most types of
      synthetic graft, luminal endothelium is derived from the cut edges of adjacent
      artery. In this study the authors investigated the possibility that endothelial
      coverage could also be obtained by ingrowth of capillaries from the outside of
      the graft. Porous 4-mm polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE; 60 mu internodal distance)
      grafts were inserted into the aortoiliac circulation of baboons and were
      retrieved at intervals of up to 12 weeks. Between 1 and 2 weeks after surgery a
      continuous sheet of cells began to appear on the surface along the entire graft.
      These cells stained for Factor VIII related antigen, exhibited endothelial
      morphology by scanning electron microscopy, were associated with capillary
      orifices at the luminal surface, and covered the entire graft by 4 weeks.
      Transmural capillaries were observed to connect the graft lumen to extravascular
      granulation tissue. Despite full coverage of the graft, endothelial cells
      continued to exhibit increased proliferation (thymidine labeling) at 12 weeks.
      Smooth muscle cells (pericytes) accompanied capillary endothelium into the graft
      lumen, exhibited vascular smooth-muscle-specific immunostaining, and proliferated
      under the luminal endothelium to form intima. These results indicate that under
      some circumstances capillary endothelium and smooth muscle cells can function in
      the same manner as large vessel endothelium and smooth muscle and can provide
      rapid coverage of porous synthetic graft surfaces in contact with the arterial
      circulation.

PMID- 3706492
TI  - Micromethods for determining activities of energy-producing and non-energy
      producing pathways in myocardial tissue.
AB  - The increasingly frequent use of endomyocardial biopsies for diagnosis has
      provided the opportunity to study myocardial metabolism in patients with cardiac
      diseases. The authors have tested microassays of the hexose monophosphate shunt,
      glycolytic pathway, and Krebs cycle and demonstrated that they are easily and
      reproducibly performed on small pieces of cardiac tissue. They have also used
      these assays to study myocardial metabolism in 2 patients with endocarditis
      uncomplicated by congestive heart failure and in 2 patients with congestive heart
      failure due to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. The ability to quantitate
      myocardial metabolism in biopsies from patients with a variety of cardiac
      diseases may enhance our understanding of cardiac pathophysiology.

PMID- 3706493
TI  - Ultrastructural investigation of the testicular defect in rats carrying MHC
      linked genes affecting development (grc).
AB  - The morphologic features of the testicular defect in the rat caused by the genes
      of the growth and reproduction complex (grc), which are linked to the major
      histocompatibility complex (MHC), were examined by transmission and scanning
      electron microscopy in animals homozygous for grc (grc/grc), heterozygous for grc
      (grc/+), and normal (+/+). The testes of the grc homozygotes were small, and
      their tubular epithelium showed a loss of the normal organization. There were no
      sperm because the spermatogonia developed only to the pachytene stage of the
      primary spermatocyte; there was cellular degeneration and necrosis; and the basal
      lamina showed reduplication and invagination into the tubule. The number of the
      Sertoli cells was increased, their nuclei were displaced into the adluminal
      layers of the tubular epithelium, and their cytoplasm extended into the lumens.
      There was an increase in interstitial fibrous tissue, and the blood vessels deep
      in the parenchyma had thickened walls. In the heterozygotes, there was some
      architectural disorganization of the tubular epithelium and a greater number of
      tubules with a low concentration of sperm tails. Some of the intermediate
      spermatogonia were not attached to the basal lamina, and there was an increase in
      developmental abnormalities and abnormal sperm. The number of Sertoli cells was
      increased, and their nuclei extended into the second and third layers of the
      tubular epithelium. The homozygous wild type animals showed normal testicular
      development and normal spermatogenesis. This is the first description of a
      developmental defect in the rat that is under the control of a well-defined
      genetic system. It also is the first evidence for the morphologic expression of a
      heterozygous recessive gene in an animal that is phenotypically normal.

PMID- 3706494
TI  - LDL enhances monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells in vitro.
AB  - Monocyte adhesion to the arterial endothelium is an early event in diet-induced
      atherogenesis. The possibility that low-density lipoprotein (LDL) may influence
      this adhesion was investigated by using an in vitro monolayer collection assay.
      Postprandial and fasting LDL was isolated from 12 normal adult human donors (8
      male and 4 female) and incubated with primary cultures of bovine aortic
      endothelial cells (BAEC) for 6 hours. 51Cr-labeled mononuclear leukocytes (MNLs)
      were then added and incubated an additional 30 minutes. When results were
      expressed as the ratio of adherent counts per minute in LDL-treated BAEC cultures
      to that in PBS-treated controls, 10 of the 16 LDL samples isolated from male
      donors induced a significant increase (P less than 0.05) in MNL adhesion (1.06
      1.27) attributable to esterase-positive cells. This increase was dose-dependent
      and maximal at 100 micrograms LDL protein/ml. The magnitude of the response was
      significantly correlated with LDL composition (r = 0.857, P less than 0.01) such
      that LDL rich in cholesterol and triglyceride relative to protein enhanced MNL
      adhesion, whereas lipid-poor LDL (typically isolated from the women) reduced
      adhesion.

PMID- 3706495
TI  - Nephrotoxicity of ferric nitrilotriacetate. An electron-microscopic and metabolic
      study.
AB  - Repeated intraperitoneal injections of ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA) induce
      nephrotoxic features such as proximal tubular necrosis and renal failure, an
      unexpected phenomenon for a ferric compound. The mechanism of Fe-NTA toxicity was
      investigated by electron microscopy and respiration studies of renal cortical
      mitochondria in rats. Four hours after a single intraperitoneal injection of Fe
      NTA, 5 mg iron/kg body wt, loss of microvilli, increased number of cytoplasmic
      vacuoles, electron-dense cytoplasmic deposits, mitochondrial swelling,
      karyorrhexis, and rupture of cytoplasmic membrane were observed in proximal
      tubular epithelia. At 24 hours, an increased number of cells had become necrotic.
      Polarographic studies of mitochondria from renal cortex 4 hours after Fe-NTA
      treatment showed a significant decrease in State 3 respiration and DNP-uncoupled
      respiration, whereas little change was observed in State 4 respiration and ADP/O.

PMID- 3706496
TI  - Modification of caffeine-induced injury in Ca2+-free perfused rat hearts.
      Relationship to the calcium paradox.
AB  - The pathogenesis of the calcium paradox has not been established. In calcium-free
      perfused hearts, caffeine, which releases calcium from the sarcoplasmic
      reticulum, causes severe myocardial injury, with creatine kinase (CK) release and
      contraction band necrosis similar in many respects to the calcium paradox. It has
      been postulated that contracture, initiated by a small rise in intracellular
      calcium, may cause sarcolemmal injury in both the calcium paradox and caffeine
      induced myocardial injury. The present study was initiated to determine whether
      interventions which modulate caffeine-induced contracture will also
      correspondingly alter cellular injury. The effects of caffeine dose, procaine,
      extended calcium-free perfusion, elevated potassium, temperature, and increasing
      intracellular sodium on caffeine-induced contracture were examined in Langendorff
      perfused adult rat hearts. Caffeine-induced contracture at 22 C increased over a
      dose range of 5-40 mM caffeine. Procaine, which inhibits caffeine-induced calcium
      release at doses between 5 and 20 mM, progressively reduced contracture caused by
      addition of 20 mM caffeine at 22 C. Hearts perfused with calcium-free solution
      containing 16 mM K+ showed a reduction in caffeine-induced contracture. Extended
      calcium-free perfusion (20 minutes) at temperatures from 18 to 37 C resulted in a
      progressive reduction of caffeine-induced contracture. Each of these
      interventions was also found to inhibit caffeine-induced injury at 37 C. Low
      temperature was found to have complex effects. Hypothermia enhanced caffeine
      contractures but also protected hearts from cell separations and CK release.
      Increasing intracellular sodium was found to enhance caffeine-induced contracture
      at 37 C. There was a direct correlation between measured intracellular sodium
      levels and the magnitude and duration of caffeine-induced contracture. These
      results demonstrate a direct correlation between the magnitude of contracture and
      myocardial injury in calcium-free hearts. It is proposed that contracture is the
      primary mediator of sarcolemmal membrane injury in hearts with intercalated disks
      weakened by prior calcium-free perfusion.

PMID- 3706497
TI  - Insulin-independent diabetes mellitus (type II). Spontaneous hypertensive/NIH
      corpulent rat.

PMID- 3706498
TI  - Vicissitudes of follow-up studies: differential effects of parent training and
      stimulant medication with hyperactives.
AB  - A two-year outcome study of 73 hyperactive children supports both previous short
      term studies which suggested that stimulant medication is superior to parent
      training and long-term studies which found no differences between the two
      interventions. The discrepancy is discussed in light of complications that
      inevitably arise in outcome studies and that tend to preclude meaningful outcomes
      in long-term studies. The development of new research strategies is called for.

PMID- 3706499
TI  - Family correlates of temperament continuity and change across middle childhood.
AB  - This paper reports on continuity and change of extreme traits of temperament from
      age seven to 12 in subgroups selected from a large random sample and on the
      association of continuity with certain aspects of family functioning. Results
      suggest a definite degree of stability of extreme temperament over time.
      Implications of the findings are discussed and directions for future research
      suggested.

PMID- 3706500
TI  - A multivariate risk model for childhood behavior problems.
AB  - In a study of 306 children whose parents have a mental illness, the relationship
      between coping skills and environmental assets and deficits determined the degree
      of behavior problems among these high-risk children. Two environmental stressors
      (proportion of mentally ill family members and mother-child discord), two coping
      skills (activity competence and school competence), and an interaction (between
      proportion of mentally ill family members and activity competence) were found to
      explain 40% of the variance in child behavior problems.

PMID- 3706501
TI  - Delinquency cessation and adolescent development: preliminary data.
AB  - Recent research on juvenile criminal careers has documented a consistent drop in
      the prevalence of delinquent activity during late adolescence, but there are only
      a few limited investigations of the processes underlying this occurrence. The
      present report of retrospective interviews with a sample of recently "reformed"
      15-20-year-old white males suggests directions for larger-scale and more rigorous
      research.

PMID- 3706502
TI  - Adolescent sexual offenders: offender and offense characteristics.
AB  - Descriptive data are presented on 305 adolescent sexual offenders. Types of
      offenses and the circumstances under which they occurred are described. Results
      suggest that adolescents commit an array of sexual offenses, that they are not
      typically isolated incidents, and that they are frequently indicative of more
      general adjustment difficulties.

PMID- 3706503
TI  - Stress management training for parents and their children undergoing cardiac
      catheterization.
AB  - A program to prepare school age patients for cardiac catheterization is described
      and evaluated. Children and their parents were provided with a combination of
      interventions including information, supportive counseling, and stress management
      training. A team approach was used to reduce anxiety and upset and to increase
      cooperation of pediatric patients in the hospital and following discharge.

PMID- 3706504
TI  - Returning children home: clinical decision making in cases of child abuse and
      neglect.
AB  - Factors that influence the decision to remove children from their parents' care
      in cases of abuse and neglect were examined by reviewing hospital records of 185
      children. Children with physical injuries were more likely to be placed in a
      foster home or in residential care if they were from poor families, while those
      with non-physical injuries were more likely to be removed if their families were
      more affluent. Implications for clinical decision making are considered.

PMID- 3706505
TI  - Environmental ratings and children's social behavior: implications for the
      assessment of day care quality.
AB  - Social interactions of four-year-olds in proprietary day care centers with high
      and low environmental ratings were compared. No clear-cut association between the
      ratings and social behavior was found. Alternative explanations for the complex
      pattern of results are suggested, and implications for the assessment of day care
      quality are offered.

PMID- 3706506
TI  - Assessing the role of social network interventions with an inner-city population.
AB  - This study assesses an experimental network intervention program conducted in a
      single-room-occupancy hotel. The relatively low percentage of successful
      interventions indicated that such procedures must be used cautiously but may be
      valuable if attention is paid to the types of problems and their immediacy,
      client characteristics, client education, and the building of trust.

PMID- 3706507
TI  - Treating sexually abused children: issues of blame and responsibility.
AB  - It is proposed that clinicians refrain from telling sexually abused children that
      the experience of abuse was "not their fault," since such well-intentioned
      assurances can diminish the sense of power and control that the children may feel
      in addition to their guilt. Affirming children's sense of power rather than their
      status as victims may have future benefits for them and for their own children.

PMID- 3706508
TI  - Children's beliefs about punishment.
AB  - It has been asserted that family violence is linked to the physical punishment of
      children. To explore children's views on different types of punishment, brief
      vignettes depicting a child misbehaving were presented to 201 9-12-year-olds who
      were asked to provide a "parental" response. Although few recommended physical
      punishment, the findings suggest that for some children physical punishment and
      aggression are associated.

PMID- 3706509
TI  - Hospitalization of emotionally disturbed children: who gets hospitalized and why.
AB  - Children admitted to a psychiatric hospital were compared to emotionally
      disturbed children receiving services in special classes within the public
      schools. There were few differences found between the groups. The presence of a
      "critical event" leading to the need for hospitalization was explored.
      Implications for practice are discussed.

PMID- 3706510
TI  - A multinational, cross-cultural perspective on hyperactivity.
AB  - Five independent studies of the prevalence of hyperactivity in five countries are
      compared. All used the Conners Short Parent-Teacher Questionnaire. Sample sizes
      were 271 (USA), 418 (New Zealand), 711 (Great Britain), 1759 (Australia), 5357
      (Germany). National cut-off points ranged from 15 to 21.

PMID- 3706511
TI  - Covert complex partial seizures in psychotherapy.
AB  - Complex partial seizures, especially those with predominantly affective and
      sensory symptoms, can simulate numerous psychiatric disorders. Diagnostic clues
      include abrupt recurrences, rapid shifts of symptoms, and hallucinations in
      people with relatively untroubled personalities. Accurate diagnosis may result in
      effective treatment with anticonvulsants or discovery of tumors of the brain.

PMID- 3706512
TI  - Bivariate and multivariate analysis of the skin ridge pattern intensities.
AB  - Bivariate correlations and multivariate (factor) analysis of pattern intensities
      on individual fingers and all specified areas of palms and soles were performed
      in a large sample of 834 individuals from two rural districts of Poland, and in a
      sample of 383 school children from the city of Warsaw, with males and females
      considered separately. Eleven factors were extracted in all samples, including
      two for finger pattern intensities, and the remaining nine for palmar or sole
      individual areas, or some of their combinations. Patterns of intercorrelation
      between variables and the factor structure matrices were essentially similar in
      all subsamples, but several factors differed in the amount of variance they
      contributed to individual variables, or the factors occupied somewhat different
      positions when ranked in respect of the contribution to the total variance.
      Orthogonal and oblique rotation were applied to the data, but only the results of
      the latter were tabulated and fully discussed. In contrast with finger patterns,
      separate and independent factors have mainly been extracted for individual
      pattern intensities on palms or soles. Nevertheless the obtained factor solution
      on the whole is not incompatible with the concept of developmental induction
      fields. It is postulated that the factor structure may be susceptible to natural
      selection acting through functional preferences in man, and that epistatic
      interaction may account for some common factors.

PMID- 3706513
TI  - Intra- and interobserver concordance in classifying dental morphology.
AB  - A sample of 50 Kodiak Island Eskimo dental casts were observed, using standard
      reference plaques, three times by one observer and once by a second observer, for
      47 graded and discrete morphological characters of the dentition and jaws.
      Although the frequency of both intra- and interobserver scoring differences
      between observation sessions are relatively high for some characters, statistical
      analysis reveals that differences are largely random in direction and cancel out.
      Most dental morphological variants can be observed in a ranked fashion with
      adequate within- and between-observer reliability. However, four traits present
      both within- and between-observer difficulties: the tuberculum dentale, the
      canine distal accessory ridge, marginal accessory cusps of the upper first
      premolar, and the anterior fovea on the lower first molar.

PMID- 3706514
TI  - Grip strength, muscle fatigue, and body composition in nomadic Turkana
      pastoralists.
AB  - Tests of hand grip strength and hand grip muscle fatigue were conducted on
      Ngisonyoka Turkana pastoralists of northwest Kenya to explore some of the
      functional relationships between activity and body composition. The test of
      maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of hand grip flexors was conducted on 151
      Turkana and 38 U.S. men and women. The fatigue test was conducted on the same
      number of subjects who were instructed to attempt to maintain 80% of the MVC for
      90 seconds. The results of these tests, combined with arm measurements of size
      and body composition, were used to evaluate muscle size and strength
      relationships and to estimate muscle fiber type distribution in the forearm. MVC
      values of Turkana men were low by U.S. and European standards. The low values
      resulted from smaller Turkana muscle areas. MVC values of Turkana women were
      comparable to those of U.S. and European women, reflecting comparable muscle
      areas. The fatigue curves of Turkana and U.S. men and women suggest that slow
      twitch aerobic muscle fibers predominate for the hand grip flexors of the Turkana
      pastoralists.

PMID- 3706515
TI  - Architectural and histochemical diversity within the quadriceps femoris of the
      brown lemur (Lemur fulvus).
AB  - Physiologically related features of muscle morphology are considered with regard
      to functional adaptation for locomotor and postural behavior in the brown lemur
      (Lemur fulvus). Reduced physiological cross-sectional area, estimated maximum
      excursion of the tendon of insertion, length of tendon per muscle fasciculus, and
      areal fiber type composition were examined in the quadriceps femoris in order to
      assess the extent of a "division of labor" among four apparent synergists. Each
      of these four muscles in this prosimian primate displays a distinguishing
      constellation of morphological features that implies functional specialization
      during posture and normal locomotion (walk/run, galloping, leaping). Vastus
      medialis is best suited for rapid whole muscle recruitment and may be reserved
      for relatively vigorous activities such as galloping and leaping (e.g., small
      cross-sectional area per mass, long excursion, predominance of fast-low oxidative
      fibers, relatively little tendon per fasciculus). In theory, rectus femoris could
      be employed isometrically in order to store elastic strain energy during all
      phasic activities (e.g., large cross-sectional area per mass, short excursion,
      predominance of fast-high oxidative fibers, large amount of tendon per
      fasciculus). Vastus intermedius exhibits an overall morphology indicative of a
      typical postural muscle (e.g., substantial cross-sectional area, short excursion,
      predominance of slow-high oxidative fibers, large amount of tendon per
      fasciculus). The construction of vastus lateralis reflects an adaptation for high
      force, relatively high velocity, and resistance to fatigue (e.g., large cross
      sectional area, long excursion, most heterogeneous distribution of fiber types,
      large amount of tendon per fasciculus); this muscle is probably the primary
      contributor to a wide range of locomotor behaviors in lemurs. Marked dramatic
      architectural disparity among the four bellies, coupled with relative overall
      fiber type heterogeneity, suggests the potential for exceptional flexibility in
      muscle recruitment within this mass. One interpretation of this relatively
      complex neuromuscular organization in the brown lemur is that it represents an
      adaptation for the exploitation of a three-dimensional arboreal environment by
      rapid quadrupedalism and leaping among irregular and spatially disordered
      substrates.

PMID- 3706516
TI  - Dimensional and discrete dental trait asymmetry relationships.
AB  - Inuit (Eskimos) from the Foxe Basin region of the Northwest Territories, Canada,
      were studied to ascertain the amount of dimensional and morphological asymmetry
      in their dentitions. The results indicate that dimensional asymmetry does not
      appear to be greater on either the maxillary or mandibular teeth. Both types of
      asymmetry show partial conformity to the model of tooth fields with an increasing
      amount of asymmetry as one goes distally in each tooth group. The morphological
      asymmetry exception, the mandibular incisors, follows Dahlberg's "Field Concept."
      Rank-order correlations between the amount of dimensional asymmetry and
      morphological asymmetry reveal no detectable patterns. There appear to be no
      associations between the presence or absence of morphological asymmetry and the
      size of the tooth. This lack of association might be explained by differences in
      developmental timing of tooth dimensions and morphological traits; however, such
      a hypothesis requires experimental testing. In this population and those for
      which published results are available, it is practically impossible to overcome
      the "noise" level and test recent hypotheses regarding random dental asymmetry.

PMID- 3706517
TI  - LLC-PK1 cells: cloning of phenotypically stable subpopulations.
AB  - The LLC-PK1 pig kidney-derived cell line is morphologically and functionally
      heterogeneous. We have clonally derived three sublines that differ in their
      response to calcitonin and in their ability to form domes. The three clones were
      analyzed for their basal and hormonally induced plasminogen activator production.
      In contrast to the D + Sc clone, in which calcitonin induced a greater than 100
      fold increase in plasminogen activator synthesis, the D + Rc clone did not
      respond to the hormone; this was related to a deficiency of the cells in
      calcitonin binding. Transepithelial electrical resistance measurements revealed a
      direct correlation with the capacity of the cells to form domes; in one of the
      isolated clones (D-), the lack of dome formation coincided with a low electrical
      resistance; the D + Sc clone, in which all single cell-derived colonies formed
      domes, showed a higher electrical resistance than that developed by the original
      cell line. Thus the LLC-PK1 clones provide a useful in vitro model for the study
      of epithelial properties.

PMID- 3706518
TI  - The number of chloride-cation cotransport sites on Ehrlich ascites cells measured
      with [3H]bumetanide.
AB  - Simultaneous measurements were made of net Cl influxes and [3H]bumetanide binding
      to Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in which the chloride-cation cotransport pathway
      had been activated by hypertonic challenge. There was a good linear correlation
      between inhibition of Cl influx during regulatory volume increase and numbers of
      bumetanide molecules bound per cell, consistent with high specificity of
      bumetanide binding to cotransport sites. The extrapolation to the number of
      bumetanide binding sites per cell at maximal inhibition of Cl transport thus
      gives the number of cotransport sites per cell as 2.0 X 10(6). From this, and the
      fluxes measured (not necessarily maximum fluxes), the turnover number is
      calculated at 50 Cl ions per site per second. Unstimulated cells in isotonic
      medium, with negligible bumetanide-inhibitable fluxes, have the same number of
      bumetanide binding sites as the activated cells undergoing volume regulation.

PMID- 3706519
TI  - Serotonin uptake by bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells in culture. I.
      Characterization.
AB  - Serotonin (5-HT) uptake by bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells in culture
      was measured at 5-HT concentrations of 1.5 X 10(-8) to 10(-3) M. The uptake
      increased linearly at concentrations of 10(-5) to 10(-3) M 5-HT, and the slope
      for uptake was 1.276 X 10(6) pmol 5-HT X 10(6) cells-1 X 30 min-1 X M
      concentration-1. The slope for uptake at 5-HT concentrations less than 10(-7) M
      was 7.10 X 10(6) pmol X 10(6) cells-1 X 30 min-1 X M concentration-1. With
      subtraction of the slope for linear uptake obtained at high concentrations of 5
      HT from total uptake of 5-HT, a curve showing saturable uptake at concentrations
      greater than 10(-6) to 10(-5) M was obtained. Lineweaver-Burk analysis of the
      data yielded a saturated value of high-affinity transport of 6.25 pmol X 10(6)
      cells-1 X 30 min-1 and a Km of 10(-6) M. At 5-HT concentrations of 1.5 X 10(-8)
      to 5 X 10(-7) M, uptake was inhibited 75-80% by exposure to 4 degrees C or by
      absence of sodium in the medium; absence of sodium did not affect uptake at 5-HT
      concentrations greater than 10(-5) M, and 4 degrees C was less effective in
      inhibiting uptake at high 5-HT concentrations. Imipramine markedly inhibited
      uptake at low, but not at high, 5-HT concentrations. Ouabain only partially
      inhibited 5-HT uptake, but inhibition was more pronounced at low 5-HT
      concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3706520
TI  - Metabolic and circulatory studies of fetal lamb at midgestation.
AB  - Uterine and umbilical blood flows, the placental clearance of 3H2O, uterine and
      umbilical uptakes of oxygen, glucose, and lactate were measured in conscious,
      pregnant sheep at 71-81 days gestation. Fetal weight was 210 +/- 20 g and less
      than half placental weight. In relation to fetal weight, umbilical flow was 468
      +/- 57 ml X min-1 X kg-1, more than double normal values for the mature fetus.
      Clearance of 3H2O was approximately 12% of the late pregnancy value but high in
      relation to fetal weight (280 +/- 23 ml X min-1 X kg-1). Fetal oxygen uptake was
      10.9 +/- 0.6 ml X min-1 X kg-1, approximately 40% greater than in late gestation.
      Umbilical uptake of glucose was also relatively high, whereas lactate uptake was
      low. Uteroplacental tissues consumed more than 80% of the oxygen and glucose
      taken up by the pregnant uterus. However, uteroplacental utilization rates of
      oxygen and glucose as well as net lactate production were lower (approximately
      50, 30, and 25%, respectively) than in late pregnancy, despite a larger placental
      mass (486 +/- 22 vs. 302 +/- 12 g).

PMID- 3706521
TI  - Renal catabolism of 125I-glicentin.
AB  - The renal catabolism of 125I-glicentin has been studied in vivo by the
      disappearance of this peptide from the plasma of bilaterally nephrectomized,
      ureteral-ligated, or normal rats and by using tubular microinfusion techniques.
      In addition the catabolism of glicentin by the isolated, perfused kidney has been
      studied. Results from in vivo studies demonstrated that half-disappearance time
      was lower in control (59.5 +/- 1.8 min) than in bilaterally nephrectomized rats
      (97.2 +/- 2.6 min), and this value was significantly higher than that of ureteral
      ligated animals (83.2 +/- 1.1 min, P less than 0.005). Microinfusion experiments
      revealed that when 125I-glicentin was injected into the proximal tubule, no
      trichloroacetic-precipitable radioactivity was recovered in the urine, whereas
      most of inulin injected was recovered. By contrast most of the 125I-glicentin
      injected into the distal tubule was recovered in the urine. In isolated kidney
      experiments, organ clearance rate of 125I-glicentin averaged 0.88 +/- 0.10
      ml/min, a value significantly higher than that of glomerular filtration rate
      (0.72 +/- 0.06 ml/min, P less than 0.005, paired data), and both parameters
      showed a close linear relationship (r = 0.90). Urinary clearance of glicentin was
      negligible. These results demonstrate that the kidney plays a major role in the
      catabolism of glicentin, mainly by glomerular filtration and tubular catabolism.
      The site of tubular catabolism appears to be the proximal tubule. Peritubular
      uptake was minimal.

PMID- 3706522
TI  - Isovolemic hypotension in ovine fetus: plasma arginine vasopressin response and
      urinary effects.
AB  - Chronically prepared third trimester fetal lambs were administered intravenous
      infusions of nitropruside. Mean basal systolic and diastolic blood pressure (59.8
      and 42.4 mmHg, respectively) decreased significantly during the infusion (49.2
      and 36.8 mmHg, respectively) and increased significantly during the recovery
      period (66.4 and 48.5 mmHg, respectively). Fetal plasma arginine vasopressin
      (AVP) significantly increased from a mean basal level of 1.25 +/- 0.09 to 6.81 +/
      0.39 pg/ml during the hypotensive period. Urinary AVP basal levels of 1.21 +/-
      0.13 pg/ml increased to 3.18 +/- 0.66 pg/ml during the hypotensive period and
      5.87 +/- 0.82 pg/ml during the recovery period (P less than 0.05). The fetal
      urinary response to nitroprusside appeared biphasic. The hypotensive phase was
      marked by decreases in both free water and osmolar clearances. During the
      recovery phase free water clearance remained decreased, while osmolar clearance
      returned to basal levels. Thus AVP secretion represents an important mechanism
      for ovine fetal modulation of solute and water excretion in response to utero
      hypotensive stress.

PMID- 3706523
TI  - Leucine and isoleucine activate skeletal muscle branched-chain alpha-keto acid
      dehydrogenase in vivo.
AB  - The response of rat skeletal muscle branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase
      to administration of branched-chain amino acids in vivo was determined using a
      soluble preparation of the enzyme. After detergent extraction of the complex in
      the presence of kinase and phosphatase inhibitors, initial in vivo activity was
      typically 1 nmol X min-1 X g muscle-1, with 0.1 mM alpha-[1-14C]ketoisocaproate
      as substrate. Total activity of the dephosphorylated complex, measured after
      preincubation with 15 mM Mg2+, typically reached a maximum of 29 nmol X min-1 X g
      1. Thus in overnight-fasted rats the complex was 2-3% active. Initial activity
      increased three- to fivefold after leucine or isoleucine (at higher
      concentrations) but not valine administration in vivo. After intravenous leucine
      injection (0.25 mmol/kg) initial muscle enzyme activity increased rapidly and
      subsequently decreased, paralleling plasma leucine concentrations, while plasma
      valine and isoleucine decreased. In conclusion, muscle branched-chain alpha-keto
      acid dehydrogenase complex is rapidly activated when circulating leucine is
      increased to concentrations that may occur after meals. During hyperleucinemia
      accelerated valine and isoleucine degradation by muscle may account for the
      observed "antagonism" among the branched-chain amino acids.

PMID- 3706524
TI  - Relationships between duodenal motility and pancreatic secretion in fasted and
      fed dogs.
AB  - A relationship between duodenal myoelectric or motor activity and exocrine
      pancreatic secretion as well as plasma gut hormone levels has been investigated
      in fasted dogs, fed dogs, and dogs that were stimulated with exogenous gut
      hormones. Pancreatic secretion showed typical periodicity in phase with the
      myoelectric or motor activity of the duodenum. Fasting pancreatic bicarbonate and
      protein secretion reached peaks during phase III of the interdigestive migrating
      motor complex (MMC) cycle that were significantly larger than nadir levels
      occurring during phase I of the cycle. These fasting bicarbonate and protein
      peaks reached, respectively, approximately 9 and 30% of the highest postprandial
      outputs and 4 and 14% of the maximal secretory capacity elicited by secretin or
      CCK. They were accompanied by a significant rise in plasma motilin, gastrin, and
      pancreatic polypeptide (PP), but only exogenous motilin given in physiological
      dose induced motility pattern and pancreatic secretion similar to those observed
      during phase III. Feeding interrupted both motor and secretory MMC cycle,
      increased the pancreatic secretion to approximately 40-60% of the maximal
      secretory capacity, and was accompanied by increments in plasma gastrin,
      cholecystokinin (CCK), secretin, and PP. None of these hormones applied alone in
      physiological dose was capable of reproducing the postprandial inhibition of MMC
      cycles. We conclude that the pancreatic secretion in fasted dogs fluctuates
      periodically in phase with duodenal motility, but the phase III peak secretory
      outputs represent only minute fractions of the maximal secretory capacity and can
      therefore be ignored in regular testing of pancreatic secretion.

PMID- 3706525
TI  - Potency of natural and synthetic canine gastrin-releasing decapeptide on canine
      antral muscle.
AB  - The carboxyl terminal decapeptide of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP-10), a small,
      naturally occurring bombesin-like peptide, has been isolated from canine antral
      muscle, synthesized, and its bioactivity compared with other synthetic and
      natural gastrin-releasing peptides on stimulation of spontaneously occurring
      contractions of canine circular antral muscle in vitro. Concentrations of
      peptides were verified by amino acid analysis and radioimmunoassay. In this
      system three forms of natural canine GRP, synthetic GRP-10, synthetic porcine
      gastrin-releasing heptacosapeptide (GRP-27), [Gln3]GRP-10, and [Arg3]GRP-10 all
      were similar in potency to synthetic amphibian bombesin. These results differ
      from the low activity of GRP-10 previously reported in rat brain. The full
      biological potency on canine antral motility and the presence of GRP-10 in nerve
      fibers in the gut and in the spinal cord suggest a possible role for this peptide
      as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in regulation of smooth muscle
      contraction.

PMID- 3706526
TI  - Only free bile acid drives ileal absorption of taurocholate.
AB  - We compared the intestinal absorption of monomeric taurocholate bound to albumin
      with the absorption of the free form. In the presence of albumin the apparent
      uptake coefficient is about three times greater than that in its absence. This
      result resembles the one reported previously for the liver. In the gut, however,
      this phenomenon is attributable to the diffusive resistance of an unstirred
      intervillous fluid layer, whereas in the liver this explanation has been
      excluded. We conclude that only free taurocholate engages the bile acid transport
      system in ileal mucosa, whereas in the liver bile acid uptake is driven by
      albumin-taurocholate complexes, as well as by free taurocholate.

PMID- 3706527
TI  - Vagal nerve stimulation causes noncholinergic dilatation of gastric arterioles.
AB  - Vagal nerve stimulation causes prompt dilatation of gastric submucosal arterioles
      (the vessels that control gastric mucosal blood flow) in rats. In vivo microscopy
      was used to determine whether this direct vasodilator effect of vagal nerve
      stimulation on rat gastric submucosal arterioles is mediated by cholinergic
      fibers. Acetylcholine and atropine were topically applied to the submucosa. The
      distal end of the severed vagus nerve was electrically stimulated (8 V, 2 ms, 6
      Hz, 20 s) subdiaphragmatically. Diameter changes of the submucosal arterioles
      were videotaped and measured with an image-splitting technique on playback of the
      videotapes. Acetylcholine, 10(-7) to 10(-5) M, dilated the arterioles dose
      dependently. Atropine prevented the acetylcholine-induced dilatation, 10(-5) M,
      nearly completely inhibiting the dilatation. Vagal nerve stimulation dilated the
      arterioles promptly, and this dilatation was not blocked by 10(-5) M atropine, a
      dose that blocked the acetylcholine-induced dilatation. These results indicate
      that vagal nerve stimulation causes atropine-resistant, noncholinergic dilatation
      of gastric submucosal arterioles in rats.

PMID- 3706528
TI  - Contrasting cholinergic dependence of pancreatic and gallbladder responses to
      cholecystokinin.
AB  - Cholinergic receptors for cholecystokinin (CCK) have been identified on neurons
      of the enteric nervous system, including those of the gallbladder. To determine
      whether any differences exist in the extent to which CCK action depends on
      muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the pancreas and gallbladder, 11 dogs with
      pancreatic and 7 dogs with biliary fistulas were given increasing doses of
      intravenous CCK-8 (15-250 ng X kg-1 X h-1) or intraduodenal sodium oleate (0.1-9
      mmol/h) with and without atropine pretreatment. Pancreatic protein response to
      CCK-8 was dose dependent, reaching a maximal of 448 +/- 76 mg/15 min at the
      highest dose. Atropine pretreatment caused nonsignificant reduction in the
      response to the lowest dose but had no effect on the responses to the other
      doses, with the response to the highest dose of CCK being 473 +/- 82 mg/15 min.
      In contrast, gallbladder contraction as measured by bile fistula bilirubin output
      was very sensitive to inhibition by atropine. Bilirubin responses to 16, 32,
      62.5, 125, and 250 ng X kg-1 X h-1 were 14 +/- 5, 18 +/- 5, 28 +/- 5, 36 +/- 6,
      and 52 +/- 12 mg/h, respectively, without atropine and 0 +/- 0, 6 +/- 2, 7 +/- 2,
      18 +/- 4, and 18 +/- 4 mg/h with atropine pretreatment. Similarly, pancreatic
      responses to sodium oleate infusion were less susceptible to inhibition by
      atropine than were the gallbladder responses. With respect to pancreatic protein
      secretion, the response to only the lowest dose of sodium oleate was
      significantly inhibited by atropine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3706529
TI  - Microsphere method in measurement of blood flow to wall layers of small
      intestine.
AB  - Microspheres of 10.90 +/- 0.65 micron (SD) were injected in the superior
      mesenteric artery of cats and their intramural distribution and diameter in the
      small intestine were studied microscopically under basal conditions and after
      vasodilation by isoproterenol. Approximately 2% of the spheres were shunted
      through the small intestinal vasculature and could be recovered in the liver.
      Analysis of the tissue distribution suggested that all spheres arrested in villi
      represented villous blood flow, spheres arrested in the crypt layer represented
      flow to the crypts, and the majority of microspheres trapped in the submucosa
      also represented crypt flow. Nutritive blood flow to the submucosa constituted
      only 1.5% of total intestinal flow. Log-linear analyses identified factors
      responsible for sphere distribution, including effects of sphere size,
      isoproterenol treatment, and local blood flow or vascular resistance. Spheres
      with diameters greater than 11.08 micron had 1.35 times larger odds than smaller
      spheres to embolize in the muscularis rather than in the mucosa, but no
      consistent difference between diameter profiles in the crypts and villi was
      found. With this reservation, 11-micron spheres seem to be appropriate for
      measuring blood flow to the muscle, crypt, and villous layers of the small
      intestine.

PMID- 3706530
TI  - Effect of refeeding on polyamine biosynthesis in isolated enterocytes.
AB  - Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity has been found to be preferentially
      associated with small intestinal villus cells rather than crypt cells in the rat.
      In the present study, ODC, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC), and
      polyamines were measured in isolated enterocytes to determine which cell
      populations increased polyamine biosynthetic activity after refeeding. Two hours
      following refeeding, significant increases in ODC were observed in villus tip (10
      times) and midvillus (20 times) enterocytes. No increase in ODC activity was
      found in isolated crypt cells. A similar pattern was observed for SAMDC. Enzyme
      activity increased in villus tip (2 times) and midvillus (27 times) cells but not
      in crypt enterocytes. Putrescine contents were increased following refeeding in
      midvillus enterocytes (P less than 0.05) and in crypt cells (P less than 0.05).
      The accumulation of putrescine in midvillus cells occurs via ODC-induced
      biosynthesis, whereas in crypt enterocytes it may be due to putrescine uptake.
      The lack of induction of ODC and SAMDC in crypt enterocytes following acute
      refeeding suggests these enzymes are apparently not involved in the initiation of
      cell proliferation known to occur under this condition.

PMID- 3706531
TI  - Regulation and function of arginine vasopressin in pregnant sheep.
AB  - The aim of this study was to investigate the regulation and function of arginine
      vasopressin (AVP) in pregnant sheep. The mean plasma osmolality of nonpregnant
      ewes (298 +/- 1.0 mosmol/kg, n = 8) was not significantly different from that of
      late pregnant ewes (295 +/- 1.1 mosmol/kg, n = 21). The mean resting plasma [AVP]
      of nonpregnant ewes (4.1 +/- 0.6 pg/ml,n = 8) was not significantly different
      from that of pregnant ewes (3.3 +/- 0.3 pg/ml,n = 21). In a series of dehydration
      experiments it was established that the slope of the function relating log [AVP]
      to plasma osmolality for pregnant ewes (n = 13) was not significantly different
      from the slope of the function relating log [AVP] to plasma osmolality for
      nonpregnant ewes (n = 4). When AVP was infused into water-loaded ewes, a
      significant decrease in urinary flow rate and free water clearance occurred at an
      infusion rate of 0.003 microgram/h in both the pregnant (n = 4) and nonpregnant
      (n = 4) animals. Both groups achieved negative free water clearance at an
      infusion rate of 0.01 microgram/h. These findings suggest that pregnancy does not
      alter the relationship between plasma osmolality and plasma [AVP] or the renal
      responsiveness to AVP in sheep.

PMID- 3706532
TI  - Aspects of electrolyte transport across isolated dog retinal pigment epithelium.
AB  - Transport of Na and Cl across the isolated dog retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)
      choroid was investigated. Under the short-circuit condition, a net Na flux was
      observed from choroid to retina and a net Cl flux was determined in the opposite
      direction. The current created by the net flux of these two ions was larger than
      the short-circuit current (SCC). Addition of 10(-5) M ouabain to the apical side
      inhibited net fluxes of both Na and Cl, whereas it reduced the SCC 84%. Addition
      of 10(-4) M furosemide to the apical side inhibited net Cl flux but had no effect
      on the net Na transport. The 10(-4) M furosemide reduced the SCC 38%. These drugs
      had no effect when applied to the basal side. Thus the transport of both Na and
      Cl depends on the Na-K-ATPase in the apical membrane of the dog RPE. A furosemide
      sensitive neutral carrier at the apical membrane is suggested for the transport
      of Cl. Replacement of HCO3 with SO4 in the bathing solution caused an increase in
      the SCC, indicating the choroid-to-retina movement of HCO3 across the short
      circuited dog RPE choroid.

PMID- 3706533
TI  - Dibucaine stimulation of p-aminohippurate accumulation in rat kidney cortical
      slices.
AB  - We studied the effects of dibucaine on p-aminohippurate (PAH) transport using rat
      kidney cortical slices. Addition of dibucaine in concentrations from 0.01 to 0.1
      mM stimulated PAH accumulation in a concentration-dependent way; at higher
      concentrations, accumulation was inhibited. Kinetic studies showed that dibucaine
      increased the apparent maximal activity of PAH transport, whereas the apparent Km
      remained essentially constant. The efflux of PAH from the slices was
      significantly depressed by the drug. Dibucaine had no significant effect on the
      sodium gradient, medium to intracellular fluid. The drug had biphasic effects on
      hypotonic hemolysis; at lower concentrations (up to 0.2 mM) it protected
      erythrocytes, and at much higher concentrations, it has a lytic effect. The
      pattern of the membrane-stabilizing action of dibucaine was similar to that of
      the stimulation of PAH accumulation. These results indicate that dibucaine
      markedly stimulated accumulation of PAH. Stimulation by this drug of PAH
      transport cannot be explained by the increase in the sodium gradient; it may be
      due at least in part to membrane stabilization.

PMID- 3706534
TI  - Synergistic action of angiotensin II on norepinephrine-induced prostaglandin
      release from rat glomeruli.
AB  - The effects of vasoactive substances on the release of prostaglandin (PG) and
      thromboxane (TX) from isolated rat glomeruli were investigated. The PGE2, PGF2
      alpha, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, and TXB2 release during 60 min into Krebs-Henseleit
      medium was assessed by radioimmunoassay following extraction. Norepinephrine (NE)
      stimulated PGE2 (from 2,117 +/- 117 to 3,968 +/- 182 pg X mg protein-1 X 60 min
      1, P less than 0.01) at a concentration of 10(-4)M and PGF2 alpha (from 2,748 +/-
      285 to 8,535 +/- 495 pg X mg protein-1 X 60 min-1, P less than 0.01) at a
      concentration of 10(-5)M. However, neither angiotensin II (ANG II) nor arginine
      vasopressin (AVP) affected the release of PG and TXB2 at concentrations up to 10(
      5)M. In the presence of 10(-5) M NE, ANG II enhanced the release of PGE2 (from
      3,307 +/- 207 to 6,865 +/- 469 pg X mg protein-1 X 60 min-1., P less than 0.01)
      and PGF2 alpha (from 3,652 +/- 252 to 6,612 +/- 388 pg X mg protein-1 X 60 min-1,
      P less than 0.01) at a concentration of 10(-8)M, whereas AVP lacked any similar
      effect. These results indicate that catecholamine acts as a major stimulant for
      the release of PG from isolated glomeruli via alpha-receptors. ANG II may work in
      cooperation with catecholamine, but AVP appears to play little role.

PMID- 3706535
TI  - Glucocorticoids and metabolic acidosis-induced renal transports of inorganic
      phosphate, calcium, and NH4.
AB  - The initial rate (5 s) of Na+-dependent inorganic phosphate (Pi) uptake in brush
      border membrane vesicles isolated from rat proximal tubule was decreased in
      metabolic acidosis, 0.42 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.59 +/- 0.05 nmol/mg protein, in vesicles
      from control animals. Phosphate, ammonium, and Ca2+ excretions were increased
      100, 600, and 56%, respectively. These changes in brush-border Pi transport and
      urinary excretion of ions were largely dependent on intact adrenal glands. After
      adrenalectomy there were no significant changes in brush-border Pi transport, Pi,
      and Ca2+ excretion, whereas ammonium excretion increased only 300% compared with
      controls. When the glucocorticoid dexamethasone was administered to
      adrenalectomized animals, it mimicked the effects of metabolic acidosis both in
      the presence and the absence of metabolic acidosis. The initial rate of brush
      border Pi transport was decreased by dexamethasone administration to 0.37 +/-
      0.04 nmol/mg protein in adrenalectomized acidotic animals and 0.39 +/- 0.03
      nmol/mg protein in adrenalectomized animals. Dexamethasone administered to
      adrenalectomized acidotic animals increased Pi, ammonium, and Ca2+ excretion 190,
      690, and 23%, respectively. Dexamethasone administered to nonacidotic
      adrenalectomized animals increased Pi ammonium and Ca2+ excretion 165, 240, and
      31%, respectively. We conclude that changes in Pi, ammonium, and Ca2+ excretion
      observed during metabolic acidosis were dependent on intact adrenal glands and
      that glucocorticoids administered to adrenalectomized acidotic or nonacidotic
      animals mimicked the changes observed in acidotic animals with intact adrenal
      glands.

PMID- 3706536
TI  - Effects of leukotrienes on isolated rat glomeruli and cultured mesangial cells.
AB  - Several vasoactive substances influence glomerular function in vivo and alter
      glomerular surface area and prostaglandin (PG) synthesis in vitro. Leukotrienes
      (LT) LTC4 and LTD4 may also influence glomerular function in vivo and in the
      isolated perfused kidney. We therefore compared the effects of LT with those of
      angiotensin II (ANG II), arginine vasopressin (AVP), and platelet activating
      factor (PAF) on planar surface area of isolated rat glomeruli and the shape
      change of cultured mesangial cells and their PG synthesis. ANG II, AVP, and PAF
      decreased the surface area of isolated rat glomeruli by 10-14% with comparable
      changes induced by LTC4 and LTD4. Half-maximal effects of LTs were observed at
      approximately 10(-7) M. Incubation of cultured rat mesangial cells with LTC4 or
      LTD4 at 10(-7) and 10(-8) M was also associated with shape changes of the cells
      resulting in significant reductions in planar surface area in a dose- and time
      dependent fashion similar to that noted previously with other vasoactive agents.
      In cells grown on a flexible silicone rubber support, LTD4 resulted in rapid
      increases in wrinkling of the mobile surface indicating that the shape change may
      represent cell contraction. The LT-mediated decrease in surface area of glomeruli
      and mesangial cells was partially antagonized by the LT inhibitor FPL-55712. In
      contrast to the 11- and 7-fold enhancement of PGE2 synthesis in cultured
      mesangial cells by ANG II or PAF, neither LTC4 nor LTD4 affected PGE2 production.
      These results demonstrate that LTC4 and LTD4 cause mesangial shape changes that
      in the whole glomerulus may decrease glomerular surface area.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3706537
TI  - A mathematical model of the rat proximal tubule.
AB  - The equations of mass conservation and electroneutrality are used to extend a
      nonequilibrium thermodynamic model of the rat proximal tubule epithelium to a
      representation of a 0.5-cm segment of tubule. The output of the tubule model
      includes the luminal profiles and absolute proximal reabsorption of Na, K, Cl,
      HCO3, HPO4, H2PO4, glucose, and urea, generated by the epithelial model.
      Transport rates and permeabilities, chosen in agreement with those of the rat,
      result in luminal glucose and bicarbonate depletion and a transition from an
      electronegative to positive lumen. Despite the development of significant
      transepithelial osmotic driving forces (a transepithelial glucose gradient and Cl
      HCO3 asymmetry), intraepithelial solute-solvent coupling remains an important
      force for water reabsorption along the proximal tubule length. In particular,
      this means that when osmotic gradients that appear under free-flow conditions are
      used in the calculation of the epithelial water permeability, a substantial
      overestimate of this permeability will be obtained. A single first-order
      differential equation has been derived in conjunction with an approximate
      nonelectrolyte model of the proximal tubule that represents both coupled and
      gradient-driven water reabsorption. In the present work, this equation is shown
      to yield an accurate description of water transport by the comprehensive tubule
      model.

PMID- 3706538
TI  - Osmotic diuresis in a mathematical model of the rat proximal tubule.
AB  - Solute reabsorption in the presence of an osmotic load has been examined in a
      model of the rat proximal convoluted tubule. The model is a computer simulation
      of a 0.5-cm segment of tubule comprised of compliant cellular and paracellular
      compartments, which tracks the luminal profiles of Na, K, Cl, HCO3, phosphate,
      glucose, and urea. In one series of calculations, the peritubular and initial
      luminal glucose concentrations are varied from 1.0 to 50 mmol/liter. The
      resulting proximal reabsorption of glucose increases monotonically to 1.5 nmol X
      s-1 X cm-2. Sodium reabsorption increases with glucose perfusion concentrations
      between 1.0 and 10 mmol/liter and then declines with greater glucose loads. Above
      10 mmol/liter glucose, there is progressive decline in mean luminal Na
      concentration so that diffusive paracellular backflux, as well as decreased
      convective reabsorption, are responsible for the natriuresis. Diuresis per se
      blunts reabsorption of species requiring the development of lumen-to-bath
      concentration gradients (i.e., K, Cl, and urea). Diminished bicarbonate
      reabsorption is also predicted with large glucose loads due to intraepithelial
      alkalinization. This derives both from cellular depolarization and bicarbonate
      trapping (interspace closure). It is also observed that when interspace closure
      occurs, a region of intraepithelial K depletion may be formed, promoting
      diffusive reabsorption of potassium across the tight junction. Thus a 'middle
      compartment model' for potassium may provide a means of achieving tubule fluid-to
      plasma K ratios less than 1.0, in the absence of specific cellular uptake
      mechanisms.

PMID- 3706539
TI  - Unidirectional potassium fluxes in renal distal tubule: effects of chloride and
      barium.
AB  - Low luminal concentrations of chloride stimulate net potassium secretion by the
      renal distal tubule, independent of changes in transepithelial voltage. These
      effects are not prevented by the luminal application of the potassium channel
      blocking agent barium. Because net potassium secretion comprises secretory and
      absorptive components, we sought to evaluate the effects of chloride and barium
      on unidirectional potassium fluxes in the renal distal tubule. In vivo
      microperfusion methods were used in anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats. Perfusion
      solutions contained either 42K or 86Rb as tracers for potassium. Tracer efflux
      coefficients, indicating apparent potassium permeability, were similar when
      measured using either isotope. Net potassium flux was determined as the
      difference between perfusion and collected rate, and unidirectional absorptive
      potassium flux was calculated as the product of the mean luminal potassium
      concentration and the tracer efflux coefficient. During perfusion with a solution
      that resembled fluid normally arriving at the early distal tubule, the absorptive
      potassium flux was approximately 25% of the unidirectional secretory flux.
      Reducing lumen chloride concentration increased net potassium secretion, because
      blood-to-lumen potassium flux increased from 61 +/- 12.7 to 96 +/- 14.6 pmol/min.
      Barium reduced both absorptive and secretory fluxes but did not prevent the
      stimulation of net potassium secretion that occurs when luminal chloride
      concentration is reduced. Apparent potassium permeability during perfusion with a
      solution that resembled fluid normally arriving at the early distal tubule was
      800 nm/s when corrected for voltage. Together with the results of previous
      experiments, these results are consistent with the presence of a secretory
      pathway linking potassium with chloride in the luminal membrane of cells of the
      distal tubule.

PMID- 3706540
TI  - Prostaglandin blockade impairs denervation diuresis and natriuresis in the rat.
AB  - Acute unilateral renal denervation of control rats produced an ipsilateral
      diuresis (5.5 +/- 0.8 to 10.0 +/- 1.0 microliter/min, P less than 0.01) and
      natriuresis (579 +/- 202 to 2,668 +/- 225 neq/min, P less than 0.01) without a
      significant change in glomerular filtration rate or effective renal plasma flow.
      Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis with indomethacin or meclofenamate (4 mg/kg
      iv) after acute unilateral denervation eliminated the diuresis (13.3 +/- 1.6 to
      5.0 +/- 0.9 microliter/min, P less than 0.01) and attenuated the natriuresis
      (3,098 +/- 462 to 1,097 +/- 163 neq/min, P less than 0.01). Denervation diuresis
      and natriuresis were significantly impaired to the same extent when denervation
      was performed after inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis (3.2 +/- 0.3 to 4.9 +/-
      0.4 microliter/min, NS; and 490 +/- 154 to 1,036 +/- 274 neq/min, P less than
      0.05 vs. control, respectively). These results indicate that the natriuresis and
      diuresis seen after acute unilateral denervation in anesthetized rats are highly
      dependent upon prostaglandins and cannot be initiated or maintained when
      prostaglandin synthesis is impaired by indomethacin or meclofenamate.

PMID- 3706541
TI  - Effect of albumin on glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient in isolated perfused
      dog glomerulus.
AB  - To evaluate the direct effect of albumin concentration on the glomerular
      capillary ultrafiltration coefficient (Kf), we compared the effect of "normal"
      (3.4 g/100 ml), "low" (0.1 g/100 ml), and "no albumin" (less than 0.005 g/100 ml)
      concentration on the determinants of single-nephron glomerular filtration rate
      (SNGFR) as measured with the isolated perfused glomerulus technique. When the
      albumin concentration was decreased from normal to low concentrations, the
      afferent flow rate increased from 318 +/- 147 (mean +/- SE) to 450 +/- 174
      nl/min, the filtration fraction increased from 0.19 +/- 0.04 to 0.35 +/- 0.08,
      and the SNGFR increased from 49 +/- 21 to 126 +/- 34 nl/min. These changes were
      associated with a small though significant increase in Kf from 2.79 +/- 1.01 to
      3.74 +/- 0.98 nl/(min X mmHg) (P less than 0.05). When the albumin concentration
      was decreased from low to no albumin the filtration fraction and SNGFR increased
      even further and were associated with a marked increase in Kf to a value of 27.04
      +/- 11.43 nl/min X mmHg). We conclude that there is very little effect of
      decreases in albumin concentration on Kf until extremely low levels are reached,
      and at that point there is a marked increase in the ultrafiltration coefficient.
      Furthermore, when these extremely low concentrations of albumin are reached an
      important role for albumin in the basic function of the ultrafiltration barrier
      is demonstrable.

PMID- 3706542
TI  - Renal escape from vasopressin: role of pressure diuresis.
AB  - This study was designed to examine the role of increased renal artery pressure
      (RAP) in mediating escape from the antidiuretic action of vasopressin (AVP). In
      six conscious dogs in which RAP was permitted to increase, AVP infusion, at a
      rate (0.2 mU X kg-1 X mm-1 iv) that was acutely subpressor, gradually raised mean
      arterial pressure (MAP) from 97 +/- 2 to 126 +/- 4 mmHg after 5 days while
      decreasing urine volume and increasing urine osmolality. However, after 4-5 days
      of AVP infusion, urine volume and osmolality returned to control, and the
      hypertensive effect of AVP waned so that after 9 days of AVP, MAP averaged only
      113 +/- 5 mmHg. In contrast, when RAP was prevented from increasing in seven dogs
      with a servo-controlled aortic occluder, AVP caused sustained decreases in urine
      volume and elevated urine osmolality from 609 +/- 27 to 1,160-1,711 mosmol/kg H2O
      throughout 8 days of infusion. The hypertensive effect of AVP did not wane when
      RAP was servo-controlled, and after 8 days of AVP infusion, MAP averaged 152 +/-
      7 mmHg, compared with a control of 96 +/- 2 mmHg. Servo-controlling RAP also
      prevented the marked sodium and chloride losses seen with chronic AVP infusion in
      normal dogs. These findings indicate that escape from the antidiuretic action of
      AVP is mediated by increased RAP, which causes diuresis and natriuresis, thereby
      diminishing the hypertensive effect of AVP. However, when pressure diuresis and
      natriuresis are prevented, AVP causes severe chronic hypertensive, suggesting
      that AVP could be an important hypertensive mechanism when renal function is
      impaired.

PMID- 3706543
TI  - Adenosine alters glomerular filtration control by angiotensin II.
AB  - This study was designed to test the hypothesis that high renal levels of
      adenosine (ADO) may alter glomerular filtration rate (GFR) control by angiotensin
      II (ANG II). In normal kidneys, ANG II infusion (20 ng X kg-1 X min-1 iv)
      decreased renal blood flow (RBF) to 61 +/- 3% of control, increased filtration
      fraction (FF) to 173 +/- 21% of control, and did not change GFR significantly.
      During intrarenal ADO infusion at a rate of 1.0 mumol/min, ANG II (20 ng X kg-1 X
      min-1 iv) decreased RBF and GFR to 61 +/- 5 and 64 +/- 6% of control,
      respectively. After blocking changes in tubuloglomerular feedback by occluding
      the ureter during mannitol diuresis, ANG II increased stop-flow pressure and
      postglomerular resistance (RPG) markedly but did not alter preglomerular
      resistance (RA), suggesting that the direct actions of circulating ANG II are
      confined primarily to efferent arterioles in the absence of changes in
      tubuloglomerular feedback. However, during intrarenal ADO infusion and inhibition
      of tubuloglomerular feedback, ANG II decreased stop-flow ureteral pressure and
      raised RA and RPG to 213 +/- 27 and 155 +/- 7% of control, respectively, while
      decreasing RBF to 59 +/- 5% of control. These observations suggest that ADO
      markedly alters the control of GFR by ANG II, possibly by causing ANG II to
      constrict preglomerular vessels, an effect that is not apparent in most
      physiological conditions but which could play a role in lowering GFR when renal
      ADO and ANG II levels are both elevated, as in severe renal ischemia.

PMID- 3706544
TI  - Effects of hypercalcemia and parathyroid hormone on blood pressure in normal and
      renal-failure rats.
AB  - Hypertension is common in primary hyperparathyroidism, but the mechanisms are not
      clear. Significant hypercalcemia induces elevation in blood pressure (BP),
      whereas excessive parathyroid hormone (PTH) lowers BP. However, in chronic renal
      failure (CRF) and secondary hyperparathyroidism, the hypercalcemia-induced
      hypertension is more severe. We examined the interaction between PTH and calcium
      on BP in normal rats and in those with CRF. Calcium caused a dose-related rise in
      serum calcium and a rise in mean arterial pressure (MAP). For a comparable rise
      in serum calcium, the increment in MAP in parathyroidectomized (PTX) rats (7 +/-
      3 mmHg) was significantly lower (P less than 0.05) than in sham PTX rats (19 +/-
      7.3 mmHg). In PTX rats receiving PTH, the MAP response to calcium infusion (17 +/
      2.4 mmHg) was similar to that in the sham PTX rats. The infusion of similar
      amounts of calcium in CRF rats caused a greater rise in serum calcium. In CRF-PTX
      rats, the changes in MAP during calcium infusion were significantly lower (P less
      than 0.05) than in CRF-sham PTX animals, despite similar rise in serum calcium.
      For a comparable rise in serum calcium, the rise in MAP in CRF rats was greater
      than in normal rats. These data suggest that the presence of PTH plays an
      important permissive role for the hypertensive action of the hypercalcemia.

PMID- 3706545
TI  - Diurnal potassium excretory cycles in the rat.
AB  - Diurnal potassium cycles (DPC) were measured in unanesthetized undisturbed rats
      fed a liquid diet and maintained in a 12-h light-dark environment. A fourfold
      step increase in diet potassium content increased DPC amplitude without altering
      phase. After presentation of the high-potassium diet, the initial adaptive
      increase in excretion occurred within 1.5 h (diet given during dark phase) and
      within 6 h (diet given during light phase). On a day when food was withheld (no
      potassium intake), DPC were present but with a lowered amplitude. The amount of
      potassium excreted on a fasting day exceeded gut and extracellular fluid
      potassium content and was only modestly increased when rats were previously fed a
      high-potassium diet. In adrenalectomized rats that received no steroid
      replacement or received constant infusions of low levels of aldosterone,
      dexamethasone, or aldosterone plus dexamethasone, potassium balance and DPC were
      normal. It is concluded that the amplitude of DPC in the rat is determined in
      part by the availability of potassium from both intracellular and extracellular
      potassium pools; mechanisms independent of potassium intake can generate the DPC;
      and the presence or the cyclic secretion of adrenal steroids is not necessary for
      the generation of DPC in the rat.

PMID- 3706546
TI  - Possible role of calcium in parathyroid hormone actions in rabbit renal proximal
      tubules.
AB  - Using a glucose microassay and in vitro isolated renal tubule perfusion
      technique, we have studied the actions of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on
      gluconeogenesis (GNG) and fluid (Jv) and phosphate (Jp) transport rates in
      isolated rabbit renal proximal tubules. In proximal straight tubules (PST), PTH
      stimulated GNG and inhibited Jv and Jp. In proximal convoluted tubules (PCT), PTH
      inhibited Jv but failed to affect GNG and Jp. An increase in Ca concentration,
      however, stimulated GNG and allowed PTH to inhibit Jp in PCT. Addition of the
      intracellular Ca antagonists trifluoperazine and N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1
      naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7) abolished the inhibitory effects of PTH on Jv and Jp
      in both PCT and PST. In conclusion, these studies suggest that Ca-dependent
      intracellular pathways may be involved in the actions of PTH in rabbit renal
      proximal tubules. The altered response to PTH in rabbit PCT may be due to
      alterations in the response of intracellular Ca to the hormone.

PMID- 3706547
TI  - Some consequences of capillary permeability to macromolecules: Starling's
      hypothesis reconsidered.
AB  - Starling's hypothesis ascribes fluid movements across capillary walls to the
      interaction of hydrostatic and colloid osmotic forces. For 90 years it has been
      recognized as the basis of plasma-to-interstitial fluid balance. Its original
      statement was based on the notion of capillary impermeability to plasma proteins.
      However, as knowledge of transcapillary exchange of plasma proteins developed,
      its formulation was progressively modified to allow for protein transport and for
      interaction of protein transport with volume flow. The most important aspects of
      the conceptual evolution of Starling's hypothesis are reviewed in the text of
      this lecture.

PMID- 3706548
TI  - Determination of effects of internal countershock by direct cardiac recordings
      during normal rhythm.
AB  - Recording cardiac electrical activity after a countershock has been limited by
      amplifier saturation. Modifications to our computer-assisted mapping system
      allowed us to record electrical activity from 56 epicardial electrodes within 5
      ms of the end of a countershock. Modifications included the use of solid-state
      switches to disconnect the filter section of the amplifiers during the shock and
      changing the low-frequency response of the amplifiers from 0.1 to 10 Hz to filter
      out large, low-frequency potentials after the shock. Six-millisecond truncated
      exponential shocks were delivered between the superior vena cava and right
      ventricular apex through a quadripolar catheter during normal rhythm in seven
      dogs. As shocks of increasing voltage were delivered during the T-Q interval,
      progressively more of the epicardium was directly depolarized. A shock of 109 +/-
      17 (SD) V directly depolarized the entire epicardium. Shocks of constant voltage
      were then delivered with increasing prematurity during diastole. As the
      ventricles became more refractory with increasing shock prematurity, the amount
      of epicardium depolarized became progressively less. Thus computer-assisted
      mapping techniques are capable of measuring the area depolarized by a shock
      during normal rhythm and may be useful during arrhythmias to improve our
      understanding of defibrillation and cardioversion.

PMID- 3706549
TI  - Heterogeneous response of subsarcolemmal heart mitochondria to calcium.
AB  - The Ca2+ -uptake capacity of two distinct populations of rat heart mitochondria
      was characterized by monitoring Ca2+ movements directly (using both 45Ca and dual
      wavelength spectroscopy) and indirectly (monitoring effects of Ca2+ on
      respiration, enzyme release, and morphology). Interfibrillar mitochondria
      accumulated up to 930 nmol/mg protein, whereas the capacity of the subsarcolemmal
      mitochondria for Ca2+ uptake was limited to 620 nmol/mg protein. In both
      mitochondrial populations, uptake of the maximal amount of Ca2+ was accompanied
      by increased proton permeability and subsequent release of the accumulated Ca2+.
      Even when calcium was taken up and apparently retained by the subsarcolemmal
      mitochondria, resting respiratory rates increased. Morphological examination of
      these mitochondria revealed that, although the majority of mitochondria were in
      the aggregated, energized conformation, a considerable number were disrupted.
      These damaged mitochondria were probably responsible for the increased resting
      respiratory rates. No net release of calcium was observed, however, since the
      intact mitochondria could take up any calcium released by the damaged
      mitochondria. Morphological disruption of this subset of subsarcolemmal
      mitochondria was accompanied by release of not only cytochrome c but also of
      mitochondrial marker enzymes into the extramitochondrial milieu. In contrast, the
      interfibrillar mitochondria were relatively unaffected in terms of morphology and
      marker enzyme release, even when their capacity to retain calcium was exceeded.

PMID- 3706550
TI  - Naloxone enhances myocardial responses to isoproterenol in dog isolated heart
      lung.
AB  - Intracoronary injection of naloxone produces rapid local increases in myocardial
      performance. The role of beta-adrenergic activation in this response was
      investigated. Naloxone was injected into the left anterior descending artery
      (LAD) of anesthetized dogs with the adjacent circumflex territory serving as
      control. Naloxone increased the contractile state locally in the LAD region.
      Pretreatment with propranolol eliminated the regional inotropic response. An
      isolated heart-lung model was set up, and isoproterenol dose responses were
      determined. When repeated after naloxone, contractile (dP/dt) responses to
      isoproterenol were both augmented and prolonged. In a third study imipramine was
      used to determine whether naloxone might act by reducing neuronal uptake of the
      isoproterenol. Imipramine extended the effect of isoproterenol temporally but did
      not alter the peak response. Adding naloxone increased the peak response to
      isoproterenol and maintained it above the extended imipramine response. The data
      support the concept that the blockade of opiate receptors facilitates adrenergic
      activity mediated by myocardial beta 1-receptors 1) directly through postsynaptic
      mechanisms, 2) indirectly through beta 2-mediated release of norepinephrine, or
      3) via interference with nonneuronal disposal mechanisms.

PMID- 3706551
TI  - Enhanced response of arterioles to oxygen during development of hypertension in
      SHR.
AB  - The goal of this study was to assess the possible role of O2-related local
      control mechanisms in contributing to an elevated skeletal muscle resistance
      during the development of hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat
      (SHR). Diameters of first- (1A), second- (2A), third- (3A), and fourth-order (4A)
      arterioles were measured by television microscopy in the cremaster muscle of SHR
      in the early (4- to 6-wk-old) and rapidly developing (8- to 9-wk-old) stages of
      hypertension and in age-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) controls. Active
      neurogenic tone was blocked by superfusing the tissue with 0.1 microgram/ml
      tetrodotoxin. When superfusion solution PO2 was elevated by changing the gas
      equilibration mixture from 0 to 5% O2, neurally blocked 3A and 4A of SHR
      exhibited a significantly greater constriction and a higher incidence of complete
      closure than those of their age-matched WKY controls. However, there were no
      significant differences in the constriction of larger arterioles (1A and 2A) in
      response to elevated superfusion solution PO2. The results suggest that O2
      related local control mechanisms could contribute to constriction and closure of
      small arterioles and to an elevated skeletal muscle vascular resistance early in
      the development of hypertension in SHR.

PMID- 3706552
TI  - Periodic cutaneous blood flow during postocclusive reactive hyperemia.
AB  - Forearm cutaneous blood flow was monitored continuously by laser Doppler
      velocimetry in 10 normal human subjects before, during, and after external
      brachial artery occlusion for 6 min duration. During the reactive hyperemic
      response, the cutaneous blood flow exhibited rhythmic oscillatory activity. The
      amplitude of the oscillations was maximum 30 s postocclusion. Thereafter, the
      amplitude of the oscillations declined until cutaneous blood flow returned to
      control values. The mean (+/- SEM) period for the oscillations was 9.26 +/- 0.30
      s. Bilateral forearm sites were examined simultaneously in eight studies and
      demonstrated a progressive loss of synchronicity. Nine additional studies were
      performed in which two forearm sites only 1.8 cm apart demonstrated a progressive
      loss of synchronicity resulting from different periodicities of microcirculatory
      flow patterns. These oscillations in cutaneous blood flow, which occur during
      postocclusive reactive hyperemia as a normal physiological phenomenon, are not
      synchronous in adjacent areas of skin. The data suggest an origin of the
      oscillations in the cutaneous vasculature that is either unrelated to sympathetic
      vasoconstrictor influences or is due to nonuniform cutaneous sympathetic
      excitation.

PMID- 3706553
TI  - Analysis of phases of contraction during graded acute myocardial ischemia.
AB  - The quantitative effects of graded ischemia on the phases of contraction in
      ischemic and nonischemic myocardium were studied in 10 open-chest dogs. During
      progressive coronary stenosis, an index of the overall severity of ischemia,
      total myocardial blood flow deficit (TMFD), was measured using microspheres.
      Segment shortening (% delta L) during the isovolumic and ejection phases of
      systole in the ischemic and nonischemic zones was obtained with ultrasonic
      crystals. In the ischemic zone, total systolic and ejection phase % delta L
      decreased progressively as stenosis increased; isovolumic phase % delta L showed
      segment elongation (bulging) during mild ischemia, which was unchanged as
      ischemia became severe. Total % delta L in the nonischemic zone increased
      progressively with increasing stenosis, reaching 132 +/- 20% of the control value
      when TMFD was 24.8 +/- 6.5% of total expected left ventricular (LV) myocardial
      blood flow. The increase in total % delta L was entirely attributable to
      increased ejection % delta L and correlated with indices of preload (multivariate
      r = 0.65) and afterload (multivariate r = 0.62). Multiple linear regression
      analysis revealed that augmented contraction in the nonischemic zone was best
      described (multivariate r = 0.94) by a combination of four hemodynamic variables
      estimating LV preload and afterload, which correlated in turn with the overall
      severity of ischemia. Thus systolic bulging in the ischemic zone is primarily an
      isovolumic phase phenomenon that develops initially with mild ischemia. Little
      additional change occurs in the isovolumic phase as ischemic severity increases,
      although further reductions in shortening occur in the ejection phase.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3706554
TI  - Comparison of effects of ryanodine and caffeine on rat ventricular myocardium.
AB  - Ryanodine and caffeine have the ability to diminish sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)
      calcium release in cardiac muscle cells. To determine whether these agents also
      share a common mechanism of action, we compared their effects on rat papillary
      muscles using two different experimental approaches. First, using the protocol of
      Jundt et al. (19), in which quiescent rat papillary muscles were exposed to
      sodium-free solutions, we found that 1 microM ryanodine decreased resting force,
      phosphorylase alpha activity, and the scattered light intensity fluctuations
      (SLIF) due to calcium-dependent myofilament interactions. In contrast, 10-20 mM
      caffeine increased both resting force and phosphorylase alpha levels and
      initially increased then decreased SLIF to below detectable levels. In a second
      series of experiments, contractures were elicited by exposing rat papillary
      muscles to 125 mM KCl. Pretreatment with ryanodine (1 microM) or caffeine (10 mM)
      abolished the initial phasic component of this response, while increasing the
      subsequent tonic component. These effects were different from those of
      isoproterenol, which decreased tonic contracture force. The depression of twitch
      force produced by ryanodine developed more rapidly in the presence of 125 mM KCl
      than in normal buffer, suggesting that the negative inotropic effects of this
      agent may, in part, depend on membrane depolarization. The results of these
      experiments suggest that ryanodine and caffeine affect SR calcium release through
      different mechanisms of action. Ryanodine appears to decrease, while caffeine
      initially increases, cytoplasmic calcium. Once these effects have occurred, the
      alterations of SR function produced by both agents can similarly alter other
      inotropic responses.

PMID- 3706555
TI  - Diameter and blood flow of skeletal muscle venules during local flow regulation.
AB  - Whole organ studies suggest that venous resistance increases as blood flow falls
      and decreases when blood flow increases. In experiments on skeletal muscle we
      tested the hypotheses that these resistance changes may be due to changes in
      venous diameter, changes in the number of venules with blood flow, and/or changes
      in the shear rate of blood in venules. The hypotheses were tested by measuring
      diameter and red cell velocity in cat sartorius muscle venules (7-200 microns
      diam) during arterial pressure reduction and muscle contraction. There was no
      observable change in venular diameter and an insignificant change in the number
      of venules with blood flow during these perturbations. There was a significant
      decrease in the normalized velocity (bulk velocity/vessel diameter) of blood from
      a mean of 13 s-1 under control conditions to 5 s-1 during arterial pressure
      reduction to 20 mmHg. Combining these blood velocity data with published in vivo
      viscosity data, it is deduced that apparent blood viscosity in venules would
      increase 100% when blood flow was reduced 60%. During postcontraction hyperemia
      the normalized velocity of blood in venules increased from 16 to 38 s-1,
      suggesting that apparent blood viscosity in venules would fall 54%.

PMID- 3706556
TI  - Microvascular pressure in venules of skeletal muscle during arterial pressure
      reduction.
AB  - It has been suggested from whole organ studies that the viscosity of blood in
      skeletal muscle venules varies inversely with flow over physiological flow
      ranges. If this is the case, the hydrostatic pressure gradient in venules should
      change less than flow as flow is altered. To test this hypothesis, pressure in
      venules of cat sartorius muscle was measured during stepwise arterial pressure
      reduction to 20 mmHg. Large vein pressure remained constant at about 5 mmHg.
      Average pressures in the large venules (40-185 microns) ranged from 13.6 to 10.0
      mmHg. The difference between pressure in these venules and large vein pressure
      fell in proportion to the reduction in blood pressure and blood flow. Pressures
      in the smallest venules studied (25 microns) averaged 19.7 +/- 6.2 (SD) mmHg. The
      pressure difference between the smallest venules and the large vein fell less
      than the arteriovenous pressure difference or blood flow when arterial pressure
      was reduced. During reactive hyperemia the pressure gradient between the smallest
      venules and the large vein rose proportionately less than blood flow. The
      stability of pressure in the smallest venules is consistent with the hypothesis
      that blood viscosity varies inversely with flow rate.

PMID- 3706557
TI  - Carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism of cultured adult cardiac myocytes.
AB  - The energy metabolism of exogenous and endogenous substrates was investigated in
      Ca-tolerant adult ventricular myocytes in short-term culture. CO2 production from
      exogenous glucose (5 mM), lactate (5 mM), and palmitate (100 microM) were 8, 20,
      and 29 mumol X h-1 X g wet wt-1. Endogenous lipolysis shared in energy production
      by 78, 61, and 31%, respectively. Fatty acids represented the main respiratory
      fuel even when 10(-7) M insulin, 5 mM lactate, or 5 mM dichloroacetate were
      supplied in addition to glucose. With palmitate, triglyceride contents were
      doubled within 3 h of cell incubation. With 5 mM glucose as sole exogenous
      substrate the energy turnover in these resting cells resembled that of arrested
      hearts, corresponding to 2 ml O2 X min-1 X 100 g wet wt-1. It is concluded that
      the basic features of substrate metabolism resemble those of the intact
      myocardium in that fatty acids represent the major fuel, but the contribution of
      endogenous lipolysis is greater than in the beating heart.

PMID- 3706558
TI  - Thyroidectomy of SHR: effects on ventricular relaxation and on SR calcium uptake
      activity.
AB  - Ventricular hypertrophy and hypothyroidism are each characterized by impaired
      cardiac muscle relaxation and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium uptake
      activity. A previous report also showed that hypothyroidism does not reverse
      ventricular hypertrophy (left-to-right ventricular weight ratios) of
      spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). We characterized the effects of
      thyroidectomy of 8 wk duration on relaxation of ejecting hearts and on SR calcium
      uptake activity from SHR and nonhypertrophic Wistar-Kyoto rat (WKY) controls.
      Relaxation was quantified by plotting maximum left ventricular pulse pressure
      (Pmax) vs. the area under the falling phase of the left ventricular pressure wave
      at three different pressure loads. Ventricles of euthyroid SHR were characterized
      by impaired relaxation and depressed SR calcium uptake activity compared with
      those of euthyroid WKY, confirming earlier studies. Thyroidectomy reduced
      ventricular relaxation and SR calcium uptake activities to about the same extent
      in SHR and WKY strains so that these measurements were most depressed in the SHR
      hypothyroid group. When all groups were considered, the extent of mechanical
      relaxation ex vivo and the rate of SR calcium uptake in vitro were well
      correlated.

PMID- 3706559
TI  - Acute resetting of baroreceptor reflex in rabbits: a central component.
AB  - Electrical stimulation of the aortic nerve of the anesthetized rabbit was used to
      determine whether there is a central nervous system component to acute resetting
      of the baroreceptor reflex. After stimulation of the aortic nerve for 5 min at 10
      Hz, a ramp test stimulus to the nerve produced a reflex arterial pressure
      response that was attenuated as compared with that produced by the same ramp
      prior to the five-min stimulation period. Renal sympathetic nerve activity was
      recorded simultaneously to determine whether a reduction in the magnitude of the
      reflex inhibition of sympathetic activity produced by the depressor nerve
      stimulation could account for the attenuated arterial pressure response. Renal
      activity during the test ramp was reduced to the same value both before and after
      the constant stimulus period and thus did not correlate with the attenuated
      pressure response. There was, however, prolonged inhibition of tonic sympathetic
      activity after the 5-min stimulus period such that during the test stimulus there
      was less sympathetic activity to inhibit. The results were similar when
      sympathetic activity was recorded from branches of the sciatic nerve and from
      thoracic postganglionic nerves. In these nerves the period of prolonged
      inhibition after aortic nerve stimulation was up to 5 min. The attenuated
      pressure response to baroreceptor nerve stimulation after a constant stimulus
      appears to reflect the reduced change in sympathetic activity rather than the
      value to which the sympathetic activity falls.

PMID- 3706560
TI  - Anticoagulantly active heparin-like molecules from mast cell-deficient mice.
AB  - To assess the contribution of mast cells to the maintenance of blood fluidity,
      the hindlimb vasculature of mast cell-deficient mice (W/Wv) and littermates
      containing normal levels of mast cells (+/+), were perfused with purified human
      thrombin and antithrombin. Enzyme-inhibitor complex generation within the
      vasculature was enhanced to a comparable extent for W/Wv and +/+ mice over the
      uncatalyzed rate, that level of complex produced within a similar time interval
      in the absence of heparin. Perfusion of purified Flavobacterium heparinase prior
      to infusion of the hemostatic components, or perfusion of antithrombin modified
      at the heparin-binding domain, reduced W/Wv and +/+ hindlimb thrombin
      antithrombin complex formation to the uncatalyzed rate. To further define the
      cellular source of the vascular-associated heparin-like molecules, endothelial
      cells isolated from epididymal fat pads of W/Wv and +/+ mice were grown in vitro.
      The acceleration of thrombin-antithrombin interactions in the presence of
      endothelial cell-derived glycosaminoglycans was similar for W/Wv and +/+ mice,
      was abolished with purified bacterial heparinase, and was expressed to only a
      minor extent when utilizing modified antithrombin. The biologically active
      mucopolysaccharides appear to be present on the cell surface.

PMID- 3706561
TI  - Denervation increases myogenic tone in a resistance artery in the growing rabbit
      ear.
AB  - The effect of chronic sympathetic and sensory denervation of the growing rabbit
      ear vasculature on myogenic tone in a resistance artery was studied. Unilateral
      superior cervical ganglionectomy and section of greater and anterior auricular
      nerves were performed at 4 wk of age. Compared with the contralateral control, 2
      and 6 wk later, the denervated artery developed greater stretch-dependent
      myogenic tone. This phenomenon may partially account for the return of tone
      described in the denervated ear vasculature.

PMID- 3706562
TI  - Enhanced adrenergic constriction of iliac artery with removal of endothelium in
      conscious dogs.
AB  - We studied, in conscious dogs, the effects of removal of endothelium on the
      responses of iliac artery diameter and iliac blood flow to intra-arterial
      infusions of adrenergic agonists. With endothelium intact, iliac diameter
      increased with intra-arterial infusion of nitroglycerin (4.7 +/- 0.4%),
      acetylcholine (4.2 +/- 0.6%), and epinephrine (4.5 +/- 1.3%), and decreased with
      norepinephrine (-7.5 +/- 1.7%), phenylephrine (-6.6 +/- 1.0%), and B-HT 920 (-2.1
      +/- 0.6%). One- to-five days following removal of endothelium with a balloon
      tipped catheter, base-line iliac diameter was unchanged, and still increased with
      nitroglycerin (4.6 +/- 0.5%), but not with acetyl-choline, and epinephrine
      actually decreased diameter (-3.5 +/- 1.3%). Removal of the endothelium also
      enhanced the constriction observed with norepinephrine (-12.5 +/- 2.0%) and
      phenylephrine (-11.4 +/- 1.6%), but not with B-HT 920 (-1.8 +/- 0.5%). The
      changes in arterial pressure, iliac blood flow, iliac vascular resistance, and
      heart rate induced by any of the agonists did not differ before and after removal
      of the endothelium. These results indicate that the endothelium mediates the
      dilation in response to epinephrine and also serves an important role in
      protecting against alpha 1-adrenergic vasoconstriction of large iliac arteries.

PMID- 3706563
TI  - Physiology of the circadian timing system: predictive versus reactive
      homeostasis.
AB  - Since Cannon first formulated the concept of homeostasis 60 years ago, attention
      has been focused on the corrective responses initiated after the steady state of
      the organism is perturbed. In this lecture it is argued that the concept of
      homeostasis should be extended to include the precisely timed mechanisms of the
      circadian (and circannual) timing system which enables organisms to predict when
      environmental challenges are most likely to occur. A mature understanding of
      homeostasis should encompass both "reactive" responses to changes in
      physiological variables which have already occurred and the "predictive"
      responses initiated in anticipation of predictably timed challenges. Such
      predictive responses have particular value because they enable physiological
      mechanisms to be utilized immediately, even if they involve a delay of several
      hours, by activating them at a suitable time in advance of a probable challenge.
      However, conflicts may often occur between predictions and reality. Examples from
      sleep-wake behavior, thermoregulation, blood volume homeostasis, and the
      regulation of potassium balance show that predictive responses often compromise
      the effectiveness of reactive homeostatic mechanisms even to the point of risking
      the survival of the organism. It must be concluded that the day-night cycle of
      the natural environment has played a fundamental role in shaping the evolutionary
      development of homeostatic mechanisms because of the dominating predictability of
      diurnal changes in illumination, temperature, food availability, and predator
      activity.

PMID- 3706564
TI  - Inhibition of gastric emptying and feeding by fenfluramine.
AB  - To assess the mechanism by which the anorectic agent fenfluramine influences
      feeding, we examined in Macaca mulatta the effect of intragastric fenfluramine (2
      mg/kg) on both feeding and the gastric emptying of saline and glucose test meals.
      Gastric emptying was measured by the dye-dilution technique, using chronic
      indwelling intragastric cannulas. The emptying of normal saline was inhibited by
      fenfluramine as was the initial bolus phase of the emptying of glucose. In
      contrast, the subsequent controlled phase of glucose emptying was unaffected in
      two out of four animals, slightly inhibited in one, and strongly inhibited in
      only one monkey. Rhesus monkeys trained to drink a glucose solution to satiety
      drank, on average, 21% less after fenfluramine. The emptying of the consumed
      glucose solution from the stomach was reduced by 39%, whereas gastric volume at
      satiety was reduced by only 10%. The reduction of intake was strongly related to
      the degree of inhibition of gastric emptying. These results support an important
      role for the inhibition of gastric emptying in fenfluramine-induced suppression
      of feeding.

PMID- 3706565
TI  - Rat endogenous pyrogen and fever.
AB  - Rat endogenous pyrogen (EP), prepared from the white blood cells of
      lipopolysaccharide-pretreated rats, produced a fever in both rabbits and rats.
      The effects of human, rabbit, and rat EP on the body temperatures of rabbits and
      rats were investigated to clarify differences in the febrile response to each
      kind of EP. The latency to fever onset and the time to peak fever induced by rat
      EP in rabbits and rats were significantly greater than those induced by human and
      rabbit EP. The maximum elevation of the body temperature induced by rat EP in
      both animals was almost identical to that induced by human and rabbit EP. In a
      comparison of the febrile responses to various EPs between rabbits and rats, the
      latency to fever onset, the time to peak, and the maximum elevation of fever in
      rats were approximately half those observed for rabbits. Furthermore, the
      threshold dosage to induce a fever response in rats was greater than that
      necessary for rabbits. It is concluded that rat EP could be obtained by in vitro
      techniques and that rats have the physiological mechanisms to develop a fever
      through production of EP.

PMID- 3706566
TI  - Development of bronchiolar epithelium in rats.
AB  - We used ultrastructural and morphometric means to examine aspects of the
      regulation of the maturation of rat bronchiolar Clara cells and the development
      of the epithelium of small conducting airways in the perinatal period. We found
      the nuclear numerical density per cubed centimeter (Nvn) of Clara cells fell and
      the Nvn of ciliated cells increased from birth to age 60 days, the prenatal
      administration of a glucocorticosteroid (dexamethasone) to dams caused a 35%
      decrease in the Nvn of ciliated cells present at birth but did not alter the Nvn
      of Clara cells, the administration of dexamethasone to pups from postnatal days 1
      to 6 did not alter the Nvn of bronchiolar Clara or ciliated cells present at age
      7 days but did diminish the total number of lung cells as assessed by
      measurements of lung DNA, the administration of dexamethasone to dams from
      gestation days 18 to 20 or from gestation days 20 to 22 did not alter the volume
      density of Clara cell glycogen, secretory granules, rough endoplasmic reticulum,
      or mitochondria of pups at gestation day 21.5 or on the day of birth, and
      glucagon, epinephrine, and 8-bromoadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate resulted
      in a decrease of Clara cell glycogen when individually incubated in vitro for 4 h
      with bronchiolar tissue from rat fetuses 21.5 days of age.

PMID- 3706567
TI  - Control of ingestion in 6-day-old rat pups: termination of intake by gastric fill
      alone?
AB  - Six-day-old rat pups, tested away from the dam, vigorously ingested orally
      infused milk for up to 90 min when the ingested milk was allowed to drain through
      a gastric fistula. Total intake in pups with unplugged fistulas was more than
      double that consumed by littermates with plugged fistulas. This persistent
      feeding could not be due to the absence of postgastric cues because blocking
      movement of the milk into the intestine with a closed pyloric noose resulted in
      less intake than when the noose was open. Furthermore, a 5% body weight gastric
      preload of milk or nonnutritive saline suppressed intake in pups with either open
      or closed pyloric nooses by an amount equal to the preload. Regardless of noose
      or preload condition, ingestion stopped when stomach content reached
      approximately 6.5% of body weight. Thus level of gastric fill appeared critical
      for intake control. When gastric fistulas were unplugged after pups had ingested
      milk until they stopped, vigorous ingestion followed, with total intakes of up to
      20% body weight. Intake termination in young rat pups thus appears to be
      controlled exclusively by gastric fill level; pregastric signals alone appear
      insufficient, and postgastric signals appear unnecessary for termination of
      intake.

PMID- 3706568
TI  - Interaction of bradykinin and prostaglandin E1 on cardiac pressor reflex and
      sympathetic afferents.
AB  - Bradykinin applied to the epicardium stimulates cardiac sympathetic afferents and
      evokes a reflex increase in arterial blood pressure. In anesthetized cats we
      examined the potentiation of these effects by prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) applied to
      the ventricular epicardium. We recorded cardiac afferent impulses from the second
      to the fifth left thoracic sympathetic rami. PGE1 (0.1 microgram/ml) alone had
      little effect on blood pressure, but it significantly increased the pressor
      response to bradykinin, and it reduced or abolished tachyphylaxis to repeated
      applications of bradykinin. Both mechanosensitive and chemosensitive sympathetic
      cardiac afferents were stimulated by bradykinin. Indomethacin (intravenous)
      caused a small reduction in the afferent response to bradykinin. Epicardial
      application of PGE1 significantly increased the response (magnitude and duration)
      of chemosensitive endings to bradykinin but not that of mechanosensitive endings;
      however, PGE1 abolished the tachyphylaxis of both chemosensitive and
      mechanosensitive endings to repeated applications of bradykinin. Because both
      bradykinin and prostaglandins are released in the ischemic myocardium, their
      interactive effect on cardiac sympathetic afferents could play a part in the
      sensory and reflex responses to myocardial ischemia.

PMID- 3706569
TI  - Circannual variations in circadian rhythms of ground squirrels.
AB  - There was a circannual rhythm in the times of activity onset (psi o) and activity
      termination (psi T) and in the duration of the active phase (alpha) in female
      ground squirrels (Spermophilus lateralis) maintained in a light-dark (LD) 14:10
      photoperiod for 22 mo. Activity onset occurred 2.3 h after light onset in the 4
      mo before estrus, 0.5 h before light onset during the month encompassing estrus,
      and progressively later during each of the ensuing 4 mo. Termination of activity
      occurred later during the month of estrus than in the 4 mo preceding estrus;
      alpha nearly doubled during the month of estrus and decreased gradually over the
      next 3 mo. The psi o and psi T remained entrained to the daily illumination
      cycle, but the phase angles of activity onset and offset and the duration of the
      active phase varied seasonally and recurred with a circannual period of 9-11 mo.
      The LD 14:10 photoperiod entrained the circadian activity rhythm throughout the
      year; however, circannual variations in activity as well as in estrus and body
      mass were not entrained by this photoperiod but free-ran with periods of less
      than 12 mo.

PMID- 3706570
TI  - Energy balance and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis during pregnancy in Syrian
      hamsters.
AB  - Energy balance and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis were examined during
      pregnancy in Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). Neither estrous cycles nor
      pregnancy had any effect on food intake, but both were accompanied by significant
      changes in body weight. Despite their substantial weight gains (attributable to
      growth of fetuses and placentas), pregnant hamsters actually lost a mean of 48 kJ
      in carcass energy, whereas unmated controls gained 98 kJ over the same 15 days.
      During pregnancy hamsters exhibited an increase in protein deposition (almost
      entirely in the fetuses and placentas), but they lost nearly 40% of their body
      lipid. An apparent increase in energy expenditure occurred despite a highly
      significant decrease in brown adipose tissue thermogenesis during pregnancy. By
      day 15 of pregnancy (within 13 h of expected parturition) there were substantial
      decreases in interscapular brown adipose tissue weight (-59%), protein content (
      54%), and cytochrome-c oxidase activity (-69%). These changes in brown adipose
      tissue were evident by day 4 of pregnancy and persisted through lactation. It is
      suggested that this suppression of brown adipose tissue function is due to
      increased circulating levels of prolactin and subsequently to the nutritional
      stress of conceptus growth in the absence of an increase in food intake.

PMID- 3706571
TI  - Peripheral circulatory responses to 96 h of hypoxia in conscious sinoaortic
      denervated sheep.
AB  - Conscious sheep exposed to 4 days of eucapnic hypoxia (arterial PO2 40 Torr,
      arterial PCO2 33 Torr) respond with sustained increases in heart rate, cardiac
      output, and coronary, cerebral, and respiratory muscle blood flows (Respir.
      Physiol. 59: 197-211, 1985). In the present investigation, seven adult ewes were
      studied during similar levels of hypoxia (arterial PO2 40 Torr, 4 days) after
      chronic section of the carotid sinus and aortic depressor nerves to determine the
      contribution of the arterial chemoreceptors to these responses. Ventilation and
      arterial PCO2 did not change, indicating that ventilatory acclimation did not
      occur. O2 consumption decreased by 24%. Cardiac output (thermodilution) increased
      by 12% for only 24 h, heart rate increased by 44-69% above normoxic levels for
      only 72 h, and stroke volume was unchanged. Systemic arterial pressure was
      unchanged, whereas pulmonary arterial pressure rose by 56%. Coronary flow (radio
      labeled microspheres) increased from 155 +/- 50.4 (SE) to 299 +/- 81 ml X min-1 X
      100 g-1 at 24 h and then declined to normoxic levels by 96 h. Cerebral flow rose
      from 62 +/- 6.5 to between 85 +/- 14.4 and 124 +/- 43.5 ml X min-1 X 100 g-1 for
      96 h. These results indicate that the arterial chemoreflexes or reflexes
      secondary to increased ventilation are responsible for the continued elevation of
      heart rate, cardiac output, and coronary flow during eucapnic hypoxia.

PMID- 3706572
TI  - Osmotic blood-brain barrier opening to IgM monoclonal antibody in the rat.
AB  - Pharmacokinetic parameters of iodinated monoclonal antibody (MAb) delivery to
      normal rat brain were examined. The mean cerebrovascular permeability-surface
      area (PA; permeability X capillary surface area) to immunoglobulin M (IgM) MAb
      (mol wt 1,000,000) 10 min after infusion was 0.40 X 10(-6) S-1. When osmotic
      blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption is utilized, the PA increased to 8.36 X 10(
      6) S-1. Neither intravenous nor intracarotid MAb administration significantly
      affected delivery to brain. However, osmotic BBB opening significantly (P less
      than 0.0005) increased MAb uptake independent of the route of administration.
      After BBB opening and intracarotid MAb the maximum concentration in brain at 1 h
      was 0.72% per gram of the total administered dose. For 6 h postdisruption,
      ipsilateral brain levels were 25- to 100-fold greater than in the contralateral
      hemisphere or nonbarrier-disrupted controls. MAb concentration in brain slightly
      decreased over 72 h (P less than 0.05). Antibody recovered from disrupted brain
      retained 90% of its immunological reactivity for at least 24 h. MAb delivery to
      ipsilateral brain after BBB disruption was linear over a dose of 0.5-5.0
      micrograms IgM, whereas the percentage of the total administered dose remained
      unchanged. After osmotic treatment, barrier opening was maximal to MAb delivery
      for 1 min with delivery declining rapidly thereafter. The type of anesthesia used
      and the administration of a thyroid-blocking agent were found to affect brain MAb
      levels after BBB disruption.

PMID- 3706573
TI  - Alterations in cellular Ca2+ regulation in the liver in endotoxic shock.
AB  - Effects of Salmonella enteritidis endotoxin on cellular Ca2+ regulation were
      studied in the liver. Rats were given intravenous injections of saline (control)
      or endotoxin (15 mg/kg). They were killed 5 h later, at which time endotoxin
      injected rats showed signs of shock. Liver slices were used to measure Ca2+
      efflux from the intracellular Ca2+ pool and the size of that pool. 45Ca uptake
      was measured in isolated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) from livers. 45Ca efflux and
      uptake were also measured in control liver slices and ER in the presence of
      endotoxin (250 micrograms/ml) in vitro. In control livers, 45Ca efflux from the
      intracellular pool was sensitive to iodoacetate and 45Ca uptake by ER was ATP
      dependent. These active Ca2+ movements were significantly attenuated by endotoxin
      in vitro but were unaltered in livers of endotoxic rats. However, the
      intracellular Ca2+ pool size and norepinephrine (NE) regulation of cellular Ca2+
      were adversely affected in endotoxic shock. Though the application of 1 microM NE
      to control liver slices significantly stimulated 45Ca efflux, it failed to
      stimulate efflux in liver slices of endotoxic rats. The intracellular Ca2+ pool
      in endotoxic livers (mean +/- SE = 553 +/- 23 mumol/kg tissue) was significantly
      larger than in controls (413 +/- 17). These results suggest that during endotoxic
      shock there is a depletion of the NE-mobilized activator Ca2+ in liver that could
      lead to a failure of alpha-adrenergic stimulation of hepatic glucose production.
      The increased sequestration of Ca2+ in the intracellular pool in endotoxic rat
      liver cells could be due to an influx of extracellular Ca2+ and may predispose
      these cells to Ca2+ overload.

PMID- 3706574
TI  - Cardiac and splenic norepinephrine turnover during septic peritonitis.
AB  - Postganglionic sympathetic activity was assessed in heart and spleen tissue in
      conscious rats under conditions of developing septic shock by quantitating
      norepinephrine (NE) turnover. Fasted male rats were subjected to cecal ligation
      and puncture and allowed to recover for 12-14 h. NE turnovers were measured by
      following the rate of [3H]NE decay, and measurements were made between 12 and 24
      h after surgery. Plasma glucose and lactate were determined at times throughout
      the turnover protocol. NE turnover in cardiac tissue of septic animals was
      increased (0.134 micrograms X g-1 X h-1) in comparison with both surgical sham
      (0.052 micrograms X g-1 X h-1) and unoperated controls (0.051 micrograms X g-1 X
      h-1). NE turnover rates were also elevated in spleen tissue of septic rats (0.152
      micrograms X g-1 X h-1) in comparison with both surgical sham (0.094 micrograms X
      g-1 X h-1) and unoperated controls (0.087 micrograms X g-1 X h-1). Plasma glucose
      levels suggest that septic rats are in the hyperglycemic phase of sepsis. These
      experiments support the concept of increased peripheral sympathetic outflow
      during the development of septic shock that would support hypermetabolic and
      subsequent hyperdynamic alterations which are well-recognized characteristics of
      the early stages of sepsis leading to septic shock.

PMID- 3706575
TI  - Respiratory phase locking during mechanical ventilation in anesthetized human
      subjects.
AB  - The coupling patterns between the rhythm of a mechanical ventilator and the
      rhythm of spontaneous breathing were studied in enflurane-anesthetized adult
      human subjects. The spontaneous breathing pattern was altered in response to
      different frequencies and amplitudes of forced lung inflations. A 1:1 phase
      locking (the frequency of the mechanical ventilator is matched by the frequency
      of spontaneous breathing with a fixed phase between the 2 rhythms) was observed
      in a range of up to +/- 40% of some of the subject's spontaneous breathing
      frequencies. During 1:1 phase locking, there were marked changes in the
      expiratory duration as measured from the electromyogram of the diaphragm. The
      phase relationship between onset of inflation and onset of inspiration depended
      on the frequency and amplitude of mechanical inflation. At ventilator settings
      that did not give 1:1 phase locking, other simple phase-locked patterns, such as
      1:2 and 2:1, or irregular non-phase-locked patterns were observed. Reflexes
      arising from lung inflation, which may underlie the entrainment, are discussed in
      the context of these results.

PMID- 3706576
TI  - Medullospinal sympathoexcitatory neurons in normotensive and spontaneously
      hypertensive rats.
AB  - Aortic depressor nerve discharge (AND), lumbar sympathetic nerve discharge (SND),
      and single-unit activity of medullospinal pressure-sensitive neurons of nucleus
      paragigantocellularis lateralis (PGCL neurons) were recorded in halothane
      anesthetized 16-wk-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and normotensive
      Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. The relationship between these variables and mean
      arterial pressure (MAP) was investigated. The gain of baroreceptor afferents was
      not significantly different between the strains, but corner MAP (intersection
      between linear ascending portion of curve and noise) was 38 mmHg higher in SHRs.
      The relationship between SND and MAP and that between PGCL neuronal activity and
      MAP were both characterized by a plateau (maximal activity) at low MAP followed
      by a linear reduction reaching zero at a level called cutoff MAP. The theoretical
      intersection between the plateau and the linear decremental portion of these
      curves was defined as a corner MAP. Values of corner MAP determined at the three
      levels (AND, SND, PGCL) were identical in a given strain and reset by a common
      value in SHRs (38-40 mmHg). The gain of baroreceptor reflex measured at all three
      sites as the slope of the linear incremental (AND) or decremental (PGCL and
      sympathetic chain) portion of the activity-MAP relationship was the same in WKY
      rats and in SHRs. Cutoff MAP measured in PGCL was identical to that measured in
      peripheral sympathetic system for a given strain. There was no significant
      difference in maximal discharge rate of PGCL neurons nor in lumbar SND and no
      interstrain difference in the proportion of SND that was suppressible by arterial
      baroreceptor feedback.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3706577
TI  - Independent osmoregulatory control of central and systemic angiotensin II
      concentrations in dogs.
AB  - In 14 dogs angiotensin (ANG II)-like immunoreactivity was analyzed in
      simultaneously collected samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the anterior
      part of the third cerebral ventricle and of plasma. Plasma and CSF ANG II were
      not different in euhydrated conscious dogs (29.3 +/- 2.7 and 30.8 +/- 2.8 pg X ml
      1, means +/- SE). During anesthesia CSF ANG II was not significantly altered, but
      plasma ANG II was more than doubled in comparison with conscious animals. In
      conscious dogs 24 h of dehydration with sodium-rich food significantly increased
      ANG II concentration in the plasma (to 59.8 +/- 16.5 pg X ml-1) and CSF (to 71.8
      +/- 20.1 pg X ml-1). Subsequent rehydration by drinking caused no consistent
      changes in plasma ANG II within 90 min but reduced CSF ANG II significantly. Salt
      loading by infusion of 5% saline in seven conscious dogs produced a small but
      consistent decrease in plasma ANG II by 20%, on average, whereas CSF ANG II rose
      in five animals. The directions of changes in concentration of central ANG II
      compared with plasma ANG II suggest that central endogenous ANG II may function
      as a central osmoregulatory mediator independent from systemic ANG II.

PMID- 3706578
TI  - Postnatal development of micturition reflex in rats.
AB  - The postnatal development of the micturition reflex and factors related to its
      initiation have been investigated by means of cystometric techniques under
      urethan anesthesia. In rats less than 10 days of age, micturition is not elicited
      in response to bladder distension. In these animals voiding is triggered by
      application of a somatic stimulus in the perineal area. In rats greater than or
      equal to 15 days of age the response to bladder filling is similar to that
      observed in adults. In rats 10-15 days of age an intermediate pattern is
      frequently observed; i.e., bladder filling elicited micturition at high values of
      pressure threshold. The myogenic (tetrodotoxin insensitive) contractile activity
      of the bladder is absent at birth and developed postnatally, similar to that
      described in the isolated organ [C. A. Maggi, P. Santicioli, and A. Meli. Am. J.
      Physiol. 247 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 16): R972-R978, 1985]. The
      ability of topical capsaicin to induce tetrodotoxin-sensitive contractions of rat
      bladder (micturition reflex) appeared at day 10 and increases thereafter in
      parallel with ability of the bladder to respond to distension. These findings
      demonstrate that peripheral factors, such as myogenic contractile activity and
      sensory innervation, which are involved in the initiation of bladder voiding
      undergo a postnatal development in rats.

PMID- 3706579
TI  - The professional woman's dilemma: love and/or power.

PMID- 3706581
TI  - On the essence of human nature.

PMID- 3706582
TI  - "Witch hunting": a form of reductionistic thinking.

PMID- 3706580
TI  - Female ego ideal conflicts in adulthood.
AB  - A woman's early development, including the unique mother-daughter bonding, the
      development of her body image, her castration and annihilation fears, and the
      interaction with her father, causes specific conflicts when she comes to make
      choices about motherhood and career. She struggles with disrupting and changing
      the early mother-daughter bond, with her belief that she should be able to
      accomplish what she expects of herself without help, with her priorities of
      relatedness to others as she deals with a larger number of people. She struggles
      with assertion and anger in her self-interest and with ego ideal expectations
      that demand she have infinite patience and caring for others.

PMID- 3706583
TI  - On narcissistic ethics.

PMID- 3706584
TI  - "Mother incest so familiar to us": psychoanalysis and the eve myth.

PMID- 3706585
TI  - Separation crisis in a family with a borderline adolescent.
AB  - The case discussed illustrates the crisis value of separation strivings in
      borderline families. Dynamic and interpersonal issues were approached from a
      focus on (a) patterns of projective identification; (b) parental definitions
      interfering with the child's ego structure formation; and (c) the deterioration
      of a borderline personality toward frankly schizophrenic functioning under the
      double pressure of the developmental task of separation and binding parental
      maneuvers.

PMID- 3706586
TI  - Remarks on intimacy and the fear of commitment.

PMID- 3706587
TI  - Retrieving benefit from adversity.

PMID- 3706588
TI  - The day care center diarrhea dilemma.

PMID- 3706589
TI  - Comparison of occupation and industry information from death certificates and
      interviews.
AB  - Information on occupation and industry obtained via an interview prior to death
      was compared to occupation and industry on the death certificate of 184 colon
      cancer patients in Utah. The data were coded blindly using a five-digit code.
      Overall, agreement in the five-digit codes was found for 63 per cent. The
      industry codes agreed for 67 per cent of the individuals, and the occupation was
      identical for 68 per cent. Agreement by subjective evaluation of the two data
      sources, disregarding the five-digit codes, was 73 per cent. There were no
      differences in agreement of the five-digit codes by age, sex, and county of
      residence. The number of years worked at the job given by interview was related
      to agreement. Misclassification occurred in a random manner. It is concluded that
      the use of death certificates to study the association of occupation and disease
      is most appropriate for pilot studies.

PMID- 3706590
TI  - Distributional change in physician manpower, United States, 1963-80.
AB  - Using data from the American Medical Association's Physician Masterfiles (1963
      80) and the GINI index of resource concentration as a global measure of changes
      in the pattern of locational choice, the expectation of a more uniform
      distribution of physicians is shown to have been met for all major categories of
      physicians except General Practitioners. Increases in the supply of Surgical
      Specialists, Medical Specialists, and Other Specialists were accompanied by
      increases in the index of dispersion across counties of 23.1 per cent, 17.9 per
      cent and 21 per cent, respectively. By 1980, Surgical Specialists were the most
      uniformly distributed of all physician groups. The distributional implications of
      location theory for physicians are addressed and evidence relevant to evaluating
      this economic theory of locational choice is presented.

PMID- 3706591
TI  - Tuberculin reactivity in United States and foreign-born Latinos: results of a
      community-based screening program.
AB  - Because of the concern that we were underestimating the prevalence of
      tuberculosis within the Latino community in San Francisco, we undertook a
      community-based screening program directed largely towards recent immigrants. Of
      1,871 intermediate-strength (5 TU) tuberculin tests applied and read, 37 per cent
      of the reactions were greater than or equal to 10 mm. Significant reactions were
      found in 53 per cent of foreign-born persons compared to 7 per cent of those born
      in the United States. Persons older than 20 years of age were more likely to have
      significant reactions compared to younger Latinos. Among the foreign-born, the
      frequency of significant reactions was not influenced by the length of stay in
      the US or a history of BCG (bacille Calmette-Guerain) vaccination. Two foreign
      born children were found to have current tuberculosis. The prevalence of
      tuberculin reactors among US-born Latino children was 3 per cent, which suggests
      that undetected transmission of tuberculosis may be occurring. We conclude that
      Latino immigrants should be systematically screened for tuberculosis.

PMID- 3706592
TI  - Poisoning hospitalizations and deaths from solids and liquids among children and
      teenagers.
AB  - Twenty-four deaths and 4,271 hospital admissions due to poisoning occurred in the
      0-19 year age group in Maryland during 1979-82. Four-fifths of the deaths (83 per
      cent) and two-thirds of the admissions involved teenagers. Among teenagers, four
      out of five admissions and deaths were of suicidal or undetermined intent. Black
      males had the highest hospitalization rate among young children, and White
      females among teenagers. The most common poisons ingested by children aged 0-4
      years were aspirin, solvents and petroleum products, tranquilizers, and iron
      compounds. Among teenagers, aspirin, tranquilizers, sedatives, and
      antidepressants were the most common substances ingested, with antidepressants
      and stimulants most common among the fatalities. Reducing the availability and
      toxicity of the most hazardous drugs is important if morbidity and mortality from
      poisoning are to be prevented.

PMID- 3706593
TI  - Economic development, political-economic system, and the physical quality of
      life.
AB  - This study compared capitalist and socialist countries in measures of the
      physical quality of life (PQL), taking into account the level of economic
      development. The World Bank was the principal source of statistical data for 123
      countries (97 per cent of the world's population). PQL variables included:
      indicators of health, health services, and nutrition (infant mortality rate,
      child death rate, life expectancy, population per physician, population per
      nursing person, and daily per capita calorie supply); measures of education
      (adult literacy rate, enrollment in secondary education, and enrollment in higher
      education); and a composite PQL index. Capitalist countries fell across the
      entire range of economic development (measured by gross national product per
      capita), while the socialist countries appeared at the low-income, lower-middle
      income, and upper-middle-income levels. All PQL measures improved as economic
      development increased. In 28 of 30 comparisons between countries at similar
      levels of economic development, socialist countries showed more favorable PQL
      outcomes.

PMID- 3706594
TI  - Group participation and survival among patients with end-stage renal disease.
AB  - All 126 End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients who entered dialysis between 1971
      and 1981 at the Harlem Hospital Center, New York City, were separated into those
      who had participated in a patient support group and those who had not done so.
      Patients who engaged in the group activities survived considerably longer than
      non-participants. Family history of renal disease, psychiatric illness, blood
      urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine were also related to survival, but,
      education, religion, marital status, and age were not. When 13 psychosocial and
      physiological covariates were controlled for in a Cox proportional hazard
      analysis, the group participation effect remained substantial.

PMID- 3706595
TI  - The health care reform in Mexico: before and after the 1985 earthquakes.
AB  - The earthquakes that hit Mexico City in September 1985 caused considerable damage
      both to the population and to important medical facilities. The disaster took
      place while the country was undertaking a profound reform of its health care
      system. This reform had introduced a new principle for allocating and
      distributing the benefits of health care, namely, the principle of citizenship.
      Operationally, the reform includes an effort to decentralize the decision-making
      authority, to modernize the administration, to achieve greater coordination
      within the health sector and among sectors, and to extend coverage to the entire
      population through an ambitious primary care program. This paper examines the
      health context in which the reform was taking place when the September
      earthquakes hit. After presenting the damages caused by the quakes, the paper
      analyzes the characteristics of the immediate response by the health system.
      Since many facilities within the system were severely damaged, a series of
      options for reconstruction are posited. The main lesson to be learned from the
      Mexican case is that cuts in health care programs are not the inevitable response
      to economic or natural crises. On the contrary, it is precisely when the majority
      of the population is undergoing difficulties that a universal and equitable
      health system becomes most necessary.

PMID- 3706596
TI  - State trends in infant mortality, 1968-83.
AB  - This paper presents an analysis of state trends in infant mortality rates (IMRs)
      for 1968-83. In order to take into account the large random error component
      associated with state IMRs, weighted least squares estimates are used to fit log
      linear models to these trends. Using simulated data, these estimates are shown to
      be nearly unbiased and to provide valid significance tests. However, the power to
      detect changes in trend is rather limited, especially in small states. Using
      these methods, separate analyses of White IMRs in 49 states and non-White IMRs in
      30 states were completed. Nine states are identified which had infant mortality
      trends less favorable than the national experience and 1981-83 rates more than 5
      per cent above the national average.

PMID- 3706597
TI  - Health hazards associated with windsurfing on polluted water.
AB  - We documented the risks associated with windsurfing on sewage polluted water.
      Seventy-nine windsurfers and 41 controls were studied over a nine-day period for
      occurrence of symptoms of gastroenteritis, otitis, conjunctivitis, and skin
      infection. Relative risks were 2.9 for occurrence of one or more of these
      symptoms and 5.5 for symptoms of gastroenteritis. Relative risk increased with
      the reported number of falls into the water.

PMID- 3706598
TI  - Survey of city/county public health agencies to determine the development, use,
      and effect of program performance standards.
AB  - For over 80 per cent of a national sample of local health agencies in the United
      States, minimum program standards are specified by the state, by law, regulation,
      or some other policy method. The performance standards that are used are a mix of
      state and local standards, with one-third of the agencies reporting that the
      Model Standards were used in developing their own standards.

PMID- 3706599
TI  - Infectious diseases and field water supply and sanitation among migrant farm
      workers.
AB  - An audit for fecal-related symptoms was performed on clinic patient charts of 936
      migrant farm workers without access to water and sanitation facilities in the
      work fields and on an urban poor population of 8,968 patients. Migrants displayed
      a clinic utilization rate for diarrhea 20 times higher than that of the urban
      poor; similar findings for other enteric disease symptoms were documented. The
      data suggest that a water and sanitation standard mandating facilities in the
      work field for farm workers would reduce the incidence of fecal-related disease.

PMID- 3706600
TI  - Trends in tobacco use on television.
AB  - A two-week composite sample of prime time television programming from fall 1984
      was analyzed for portrayals of alcohol and tobacco. Earlier studies note that
      smoking acts have progressively declined, suggesting smoking is no longer as
      frequent on prime time television. The current study notes higher levels of
      smoking. This could be an indication that smoking is returning, and/or related to
      recent programming changes featuring more dramas on prime time television.

PMID- 3706601
TI  - Sex and smoking differences in duodenal ulcer mortality.
AB  - Data from the US Census Bureau and the National Center for Health Statistics
      suggest that differences in male and female smoking habits between 1920 and 1980
      may have contributed to changes in duodenal ulcer mortality sex ratios. An
      attributable risk analysis suggests that between 43 per cent and 63 per cent of
      duodenal ulcer mortality for males results from smoking; the comparable figures
      for females being between 25 per cent and 50 per cent.

PMID- 3706602
TI  - Confronting the immunization problem: proposals for compensation reform.

PMID- 3706603
TI  - Intervention of tobacco chewing and smoking habits.

PMID- 3706604
TI  - A priority system model for sanitation management in food service establishments.

PMID- 3706605
TI  - Salience of survey questionnaires: examining bias.

PMID- 3706606
TI  - A health profile for use in Spain.

PMID- 3706607
TI  - Two comments received on the German experience and social medicine.

PMID- 3706608
TI  - Primary chronic abortion, preeclampsia, idiopathic intrauterine growth
      retardation, hydatidiform mole, and choriocarcinoma: a unifying concept.
AB  - Different degrees of maternal hyporesponse, as far as blocking activity is
      concerned, are proposed for primary chronic abortion, preeclampsia, and
      idiopathic intrauterine growth retardation. On the other hand, a maternal
      hyperresponse to fetal antigens with a higher production of blocking antibodies
      may be related to an unusual proliferation of the trophoblast in cases of
      hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma.

PMID- 3706609
TI  - Spermatogenic disturbance induced in mice by combined local injection of
      monoclonal antibodies to Sertoli cell and to basal lamina of seminiferous tubule.
AB  - Two kinds of hybridoma clones, one producing monoclonal antibodies against
      Sertoli cell (TM-1) and the other the basal lamina of the seminiferous tubule (TM
      2), were raised by fusion between P3X63Ag8-653 mouse myeloma cells and spleen
      cells of BALB/c mice (H-2d) immunized with testicular homogenate of the same
      inbred mice. Immunohistochemically, TM-1 reacted specifically with cytoplasmic
      component of Sertoli cell and TM-2 with basal lamina of the seminiferous tubule.
      Using these monoclonal antibodies, spermatogenic disturbance was induced
      experimentally in BDF1 (H-2b/d) by intratesticular injection of a set of these
      two antibodies. Single injection of either TM-1 or TM-2 failed to induce the
      lesion. This fact indicated that TM-1 antibody could reach the Sertoli cell to
      impair its function, which was otherwise inaccessible without coincidental action
      of TM-2 antibody. TM-2 antibody appeared to alter the permeability of the basal
      lamina of the tubule and lower its barrier effect.

PMID- 3706610
TI  - Is microglandular adenosis a precancerous disease? A study of carcinoma arising
      therein.
AB  - Microglandular adenosis (MGA) is a recently described and little appreciated
      proliferative glandular lesion of the breast that may mimic carcinoma both
      clinically and histologically. Several recent publications indicate that this
      lesion, while capable of recurrence if incompletely excised, is itself benign. In
      an earlier report from this institution we suggested that MGA might serve as the
      substrate for the development of mammary carcinoma. This report presents the
      pathologic findings in seven patients who developed carcinoma of the breast in
      association with MGA. The patients, aged 39-72, presented with firm masses that
      raised the clinical suspicion of carcinoma. The lesions reported here are linked
      not only by the presence of benign MGA associated with mammary carcinoma, but by
      a spectrum of atypical glandular proliferations ("atypical" MGA) that suggest
      transitions from MGA to infiltrating carcinoma. These carcinomas shared unusual
      histologic features which strengthen our impression that they are derived from
      MGA. On the basis of the experience presented in this study, it appears that MGA
      may on occasion serve as the substrate for the development of mammary carcinoma.
      For patients with uncomplicated MGA, complete excision of the lesion with
      clinical follow-up is recommended. When atypical hyperplasia is present in MGA,
      the lesion should be widely excised and the same caution exercised in following
      the patient as with other atypical hyperplasias. The treatment of carcinoma
      arising in MGA will depend on the stage of the disease. Presently we do not know
      whether these carcinomas have unusual clinical or biological characteristics.

PMID- 3706611
TI  - Risk factors in follicular thyroid carcinomas. A retrospective follow-up study
      covering a 14-year period with emphasis on morphological findings.
AB  - One hundred sixty-seven patients with follicular carcinomas and 88 with atypical
      adenomas of the thyroid have been followed up for up to 14 years. The influence
      of tumor invasiveness; tumor extent at time of presentation, including degree of
      metastatic spread; and age of patients have been evaluated by determining the
      rate at which distant metastases or deaths occurred during the later course of
      disease after surgery had been performed. The degree of tumor invasiveness has
      been found to be of great prognostic weight. Atypical adenomas did not show
      recurrences during the time of observation. The most important diagnostic
      distinction made with regard to prognosis was found to be between minimally
      invasive (encapsulated) and extensively invasive carcinomas.

PMID- 3706612
TI  - Acute interstitial pneumonia. A clinicopathologic, ultrastructural, and cell
      kinetic study.
AB  - Eight cases of acute interstitial pneumonia were studied to define the clinical
      and pathologic features and to determine the relationship to chronic interstitial
      pneumonia. Clinically, this disease differs from the chronic interstitial
      pneumonias by a sudden onset and a rapid course. Five patients died of
      respiratory failure after 23 days to 2 months, and two died of other
      complications after 3 1/2-6 months. An etiologic agent could not be identified in
      any case. The histologic hallmark was interstitial fibrosis and edema associated
      with type II pneumocyte hyperplasia. The fibrosis differed from that seen in the
      chronic interstitial pneumonias by extensive fibroblast proliferation and
      relatively little collagen deposition. Autoradiographic studies of tritiated
      thymidine (3H-TdR) uptake showed high labeling indices in interstitial cells and
      type II pneumocytes. Evidence of acute lung injury, including both endothelial
      and epithelial cell damage, was a prominent ultrastructural feature. These
      findings emphasize that acute interstitial pneumonia is a clinically and
      pathologically distinct form of interstitial pneumonia that should be separated
      from the group of chronic interstitial pneumonias.

PMID- 3706613
TI  - Nephrogenic adenoma. A report of 15 cases, review of the literature, and
      comparison with clear cell adenocarcinoma of the urinary tract.
AB  - The clinical and pathological features of 15 previously unreported and 98
      reported cases of nephrogenic adenoma were reviewed and compared with those of
      the 19 reported clear cell adenocarcinomas of the urinary bladder and urethra.
      Nephrogenic adenoma has occurred in patients from 4 to 83 (average 41) years of
      age. Two thirds of the patients were male, and most had a history of a
      genitourinary operation or procedure, genitourinary trauma, urinary calculi, or a
      renal transplant. Nephrogenic adenomas are typically small but have measured up
      to 7 cm. They may be papillary, polypoid, or sessile, and approximately 18% have
      been multiple. Microscopic examination shows, singly or in combination, tubules,
      cysts, and papillae lined by cells that typically have scanty cytoplasm and
      exhibit little cytological atypia and no or only very rare mitotic figures. Clear
      cell adenocarcinomas, in contrast, occur in a generally older age group, have a
      strong predilection for females, and typically lack the clinical features
      associated with nephrogenic adenomas. The carcinomas are almost always solitary
      and usually large. The microscopic findings of a diffuse growth pattern, clear
      cells with a high cytoplasmic glycogen content, and significant nuclear atypia
      and mitotic activity are characteristic of carcinomas in contrast to nephrogenic
      adenomas.

PMID- 3706614
TI  - The surgical pathology of rheumatic and floppy mitral valves. Distinctive
      morphologic features upon gross examination.
AB  - A total of 30 surgically resected complete mitral valves were examined, without
      prior knowledge of the clinical history, to evaluate the reliability of gross
      inspection only for the correct morphological diagnosis. Twenty valves were
      rheumatic; 10 were obtained from patients with idiopathic mitral valve prolapse.
      Two groups were identified: group I correlated with a rheumatic history; group II
      showed floppy mitral valves, which correlated with mitral valve prolapse. Hence,
      it is considered that the diagnosis of rheumatic or floppy mitral valve can be
      established accurately upon gross examination only. The rheumatic valve is
      fibrotic and firm, leading to thickening and fusion of leaflets and commissures.
      Narrowing and lowering of the "principal" ostium occurs. This results in a funnel
      shaped valve, which is further accentuated by interchordal fusion. Rigidity is
      its hallmark. Chordal rupture is unlikely. Calcification can be found anywhere in
      the valve. Hooding is extremely unusual. The floppy valve, by contrast, shows
      laxity of leaflets, which may lead to the formation of dome-like deformities
      reaching above the level of the annulus. The chordae are often thin, attenuated,
      and may have ruptured. The distribution of chordae and mode of anchoring is often
      chaotic. Fibrosis occurs mainly at the anchoring sites of the chordae underneath
      or at the margin of the leaflet, or where previously ruptured, intertwined
      chordae are plastered underneath the dome. Fibrosis is further aggravated at the
      margins and atrial surface of the leaflets because of regurgitant friction. In
      spite of fibrosis, the floppy valve remains soft and flexible. Commissural fusion
      is absent. Interchordal fusion is not a characteristic feature of the floppy
      mitral valve. Gross inspection will not only correctly discriminate between a
      rheumatic and floppy mitral valve, but may also contribute to an understanding of
      the pathogenesis of the valve deformity.

PMID- 3706615
TI  - Pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma. Premortem histologic diagnosis.
AB  - Nine open lung biopsies and nine transbronchial biopsies from 10 patients with
      pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma were reviewed to define the pattern of involvement in
      the lung by Kaposi's sarcoma and to determine the usefulness of transbronchial
      biopsy in making the diagnosis. There were nine patients with acquired immune
      deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and one patient with sporadic pulmonary Kaposi's
      sarcoma. A lymphatic distribution was seen in all cases. A spectrum ranging from
      distinctive polymorphous cellular infiltrates ultimately interpreted as Kaposi's
      sarcoma to "classic" Kaposi's sarcoma was found. Recognition of the former
      enabled retrospective recognition of Kaposi's sarcoma in four of eight
      transbronchial bronchial biopsies. The diagnosis of pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma in
      one other patient was made solely on the basis of transbronchial biopsy. Eight
      patients died from pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma; two patients are alive with
      extensive pulmonary Kaposi's at last follow-up. We believe that transbronchial
      biopsy may be useful in establishing a diagnosis of pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma in
      many more patients than is generally appreciated.

PMID- 3706616
TI  - Granulomatous infection mimicking bronchocentric granulomatosis.
AB  - Four examples of granulomatous infection with histologic features
      indistinguishable from bronchocentric granulomatosis are presented. Lung biopsies
      in all cases showed necrotizing granulomatous inflammation confined to the
      conducting airways. No patient had a history of asthma, however, and eosinophils
      were not numerous in the biopsy specimens. Rare organisms were identified in
      special stains in three cases, including acid-fast bacilli in two and histoplasma
      in one; cultures grew Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare in one and Histoplasma
      capsulatum in another. Special stains and cultures were negative in one patient
      and the correct diagnosis of blastomycosis was established only after biopsy of a
      soft tissue mass 3 months following the lung biopsy. Exclusive peribronchial
      localization of granulomas can occur in infections and may cause confusion with
      bronchocentric granulomatosis. In non-asthmatic patients without tissue
      manifestations of allergy, therefore, the diagnosis of bronchocentric
      granulomatosis should be made rarely, if ever, and only after an infectious
      etiology has been carefully excluded.

PMID- 3706617
TI  - Malignant trophoblastic tumors with massive hemorrhage presenting as liver
      primary. A report of two cases.
AB  - Two women, aged 29 and 27, presented with evidence of recent hemorrhage and large
      tumors of the liver. One tumor was successfully resected; the other patient died
      of blood loss. Both lesions were almost identical and were indistinguishable from
      choriocarcinoma. Both patients had markedly elevated serum human chorionic
      gonadotropin (hCG) levels and positive pregnancy tests. Examination of the
      endometrium showed only proliferative endometrium, and the pelvic organs were
      found to be normal. Immunoperoxidase stains of the liver tumors were strongly
      positive for hCG and human placental lactogen. Alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha
      fetoprotein tests were weakly positive, and one patient tested positive for
      carcinoembryonic antigen.

PMID- 3706618
TI  - Mixed medullary-follicular thyroid carcinoma.

PMID- 3706619
TI  - Use of modified Grace's insect medium for the primary isolation of Leishmania
      donovani donovani in Bihar, India.
AB  - Grace's insect medium, supplemented with 20% (v/v) heat-inactivated fetal bovine
      serum (FBS) and 15% defibrinated pooled rabbit blood is statistically shown to be
      more sensitive than modified NNN medium (P less than 0.05), Grace's insect medium
      with 20% (v/v) and Grace's insect medium with 30% (v/v) FBS (P less than 0.01)
      for in vitro primary isolation of promastigotes of Leishmania donovani donovani
      from cultures of bone marrow aspirates. This medium has been found to be
      especially useful for parasitological diagnosis of untreated cases of visceral
      leishmaniasis and for cases where microscopic examination of bone marrow
      aspirates has been negative for Leishman-Donovan bodies.

PMID- 3706620
TI  - Response to ketoconazole in two cases of longstanding cutaneous leishmaniasis.
AB  - Two cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis of 12 and 27 months duration are described.
      These were acquired in Saudi Arabia and Ethiopia. The cases were treated with 8
      and 4 weeks of ketoconazole, respectively, with an excellent response.

PMID- 3706621
TI  - The effects of cyclosporin A on the course of infection with Giardia muris in
      mice.
AB  - Administration of cyclosporin A (CyA) to mice prior to infection and at weekly
      intervals during the infection with Giardia muris resulted in an increase in cyst
      output and a delay of the elimination phase of the infection. A short term
      treatment (4 days) of infected mice with CyA induced a significantly higher cyst
      release after treatment. CyA did not affect the ability of immune mice to resist
      reinfection. Our findings indicate that CyA has compromised immunological control
      of the primary Giardia infection, but not the ability of the immune host to
      resist reinfection. We propose that the use of immunosuppressive drugs may be a
      contributing factor in transmission of giardiasis.

PMID- 3706622
TI  - A novel lipid-conjugated marker for the direct labeling of the schistosomulum
      membrane.
AB  - Introduction of the fluorescent group lissamine rhodamine B into the surface of
      schistosomula of S. mansoni was achieved by brief incubation of the worms with
      liposomes carrying the lipid bound fluorophore in their bilayers. The liposomes
      were made of egg lecithin (PC) and lissamine-phosphatidylethanolamine (lissamine
      PE). The lissamine groups could be directly detected on the parasite membrane by
      observation of the single worms under a fluorescent microscope. The fluorescent
      marker was employed to measure the lateral diffusion coefficient (D) of lipids in
      the schistosomular membrane and as a surface marker during the isolation of the
      schistosomula surface membrane.

PMID- 3706623
TI  - The effectiveness of metrifonate in reducing hookworm infection in Kenyan school
      children.
AB  - The reduction in hookworm egg counts was determined in children treated with 1
      and 2 doses of metrifonate. Kenyan primary school children were allocated to
      receive either 10.0 mg (n = 53) or 7.5 mg (n = 53) of metrifonate per kg of body
      weight (mg/kg) or a placebo (n = 26). Two doses of 10.0 mg/kg reduced hookworm
      egg counts (from arithmetic means of 4,177 to 438 eggs per gram of feces [epg])
      more than did 2 doses of 7.5 mg/kg (from 4,329 to 1,392 epg; P less than 0.01).
      Two doses of metrifonate reduced egg counts more than did 1 dose (P less than
      0.0001). The placebo group did not show a significant change in egg counts. The
      single dose of 10.0 mg/kg led to a 78% reduction in hookworm egg counts (from
      4,177 to 918 epg), a level unlikely to cause iron deficiency anemia. This was as
      effective as 2 doses of 7.5 mg/kg, and was more easily administered than 2 or 3
      doses. The further reduction after a second dose of 10.0 mg/kg (to 438 epg) is
      probably not of practical importance. This study shows that metrifonate, even in
      a single dose for treatment of S. haematobium, is also useful in reducing
      hookworm egg counts.

PMID- 3706624
TI  - Fatal encephalopathy due to Lagochilascaris minor infection.
AB  - A 14-year-old boy with a tetralogy of Fallot showed a subacute, progressive
      encephalopathy characterized by headache, stupor and coma. Death occurred three
      months after the beginning of the illness. Neuropathologic examination revealed
      diffuse foci of necrosis of the cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum, and the
      presence of the nematode Lagochilascaris minor in the parenchyma and in the
      cisterns at the base of the brain. In almost all 28 cases of human
      lagochilascaris previously reported, the worms were located in the soft tissues
      of the neck and throat, tonsils, mastoids and paranasal sinuses. This is the
      first reported case in which Lagochilascaris infected the brain. Since the life
      cycle of the worm is unknown the pathogenesis of the central nervous system
      lesions is obscure.

PMID- 3706625
TI  - Clinical significance of venom antigen levels in patients envenomed by the
      Malayan pit viper (Calloselasma rhodostoma).
AB  - Serial venom antigen levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
      (ELISA) in 46 patients with systemic envenoming by the Malayan pit viper
      (Calloselasma rhodostoma), a major cause of snake bite in Southeast Asia. The
      principal effects of the venom are defibrination, hemorrhage and local tissue
      necrosis. Admission venom levels, which varied between 0 and 595 ng/ml,
      correlated with the incidence of spontaneous systemic bleeding, blood
      incoagulability and concentrations of plasma fibrinogen and serum fibrin
      degradation products. The presence or absence of nonclotting blood also
      correlated with the time elapsed between the bite and hospital admission. The
      development of nonclotting blood may be delayed by up to 72 hr after the bite
      even though circulating venom and raised FDP may be detected at presentation.
      This is probably explained by a temporary equilibrium between synthesis and
      consumption of fibrinogen. Venom antigenemia recurred in 12 patients (26%)
      suggesting continuous absorption of venom from the wound or saturation of
      extravascular binding sites. Admission venom levels also correlated with the
      extent of local swelling and the occurrence of tissue necrosis at the site of the
      bite. Venom was detected in 87% of wound aspirates and 88% of urine specimens
      taken on admission. Tourniquets, of the type used in rural Thailand, did not
      delay the absorption of venom into the circulation.

PMID- 3706626
TI  - Laboratory vector competence of Culex (Melanoconion) cedecei for sympatric and
      allopatric Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis viruses.
AB  - Laboratory vector competence of Culex (Melanoconion) cedecei was examined for
      Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) viruses. Colonized adult female
      mosquitoes originating from a southern Florida population were given bloodmeals
      from viremic hamsters circulating various titers of 3 hemagglutination inhibition
      (HI) subtypes of VEE viruses. Following extrinsic incubation of about 3 weeks,
      mosquitoes were allowed to refeed on uninfected hamsters for transmission trials.
      Cx. cedecei was highly efficient in becoming infected with and transmitting its
      sympatric, HI subtype II "Everglades" virus. With bloodmeal titers of 10(0.9)
      chick embryo cell culture (CEC) plaque forming units (PFU), the infection rate
      was 9% and transmission occurred following extrinsic incubation. Infection rates
      were greater than or equal to 80% with oral doses of greater than or equal to
      10(1.8), and all infected mosquitoes were capable of transmission following
      incubation. Cx. cedecei was also highly sensitive to infection with allopatric HI
      subtype IE Middle American VEE virus isolates. Infection rates were greater than
      or equal to 50% with bloodmeal titers undetectable by CEC assay. Rates were 100%
      with oral doses of greater than or equal to 10(0.8) CECPFU. Transmission rates
      were 100% in all experiments. Similar results were obtained with HI subtype IAB
      "epizootic" VEE virus isolates from the 1969 Middle American outbreak. Infection
      rates were 100% with oral doses of greater than or equal to 10(1.2), and
      transmission rates were 100% after extrinsic incubation. Comparisons with
      laboratory vector competence of the Middle American enzootic VEE virus vector,
      Culex (Melanoconion) taeniopus, are discussed.

PMID- 3706627
TI  - Electron microscopic analysis of infection patterns for Venezuelan equine
      encephalomyelitis virus in the vector mosquito, Culex (Melanoconion) taeniopus.
AB  - The infectious process for Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus in an
      enzootic vector mosquito, Culex (Melanoconion) taeniopus, was examined by
      transmission electron microscopy. Following large dose oral infection, virus was
      seen in the abdominal fat body and epidermis within 1 hr of engorgement.
      Replicated virus appeared to leave the mesenteron 3-4 hr post-infection.
      Dissemination to other organs occurred between days 1 and 2 of extrinsic
      incubation, when the hindgut and abdominal nerve ganglia were found to be
      infected. Virus reached the thoracic nerve ganglia, brain and salivary glands by
      4 days post-infection, and flight muscles contained virus by day 6. Virus was
      never detected in the malphigian tubules or ovaries of infected mosquitoes within
      21 days of extrinsic incubation. These results suggest that virus particles
      penetrate the mesenteron and accumulate in the abdominal fat body prior to
      replication within the vector. This pattern differs from that reported for other
      arbovirus-vector pairs.

PMID- 3706628
TI  - An interspecific mosquito model for the mesenteronal infection barrier to western
      equine encephalomyelitis virus (Culex tarsalis and Culex pipiens).
AB  - Culex tarsalis, a putative mosquito vector of western equine encephalomyelitis
      (WEE) virus, is susceptible to peroral infection by WEE virus. The nonvector
      mosquito, Culex pipiens, has a very high peroral threshold of infection and is
      considered to be refractory. By parenteral inoculation, both mosquito species are
      equally susceptible. Thus, Cx. tarsalis and Cx. pipiens represent an excellent
      model system to examine the mechanisms for the mesenteronal infection barrier to
      WEE virus. Diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-dextran (1.6 mg/ml), when added to a pledget
      bloodmeal that contained high concentrations of WEE virus, enhanced peroral
      infection rates of Cx. pipiens. In Cx. tarsalis, a reduction in infection rates
      was observed when low WEE concentrations of virus were ingested. DEAE-dextran had
      no apparent effects on the dissemination of WEE after infection of either
      mosquito species. It is suggested that the peroral enhancement of WEE viral
      infection observed with Cx. pipiens may be related to random, nonspecific
      mechanisms of infection, since it requires high titers of ingested WEE virus.
      Interference with specific binding of WEE virus to cellular receptor sites is
      suggested to explain the reduction in WEE viral infection rates in Cx. tarsalis.
      Altering the pH of the ingested infectious bloodmeal did not affect the WEE viral
      infection rate of Cx. pipiens, within the range of 6.0-8.5. Cx. tarsalis was
      optimally infected when the infectious bloodmeal was pH 8.0, and the infection
      rate was significantly reduced when the infectious blood was at either extreme of
      the pH range tested. This is again interpreted to indicate that different
      mechanisms control the peroral infection of Cx. tarsalis and Cx. pipiens with WEE
      virus. The mesenteronal infection barrier to WEE virus in Cx. pipiens is
      associated with an inability of the virus to adsorb and/or penetrate mesenteronal
      epithelial when administered perorally. The barrier is not related to an
      inability of the Cx. pipiens mesenteronal epithelial cells to support viral
      multiplication since these cells become infected when the virus is administered
      parenterally.

PMID- 3706629
TI  - Experimental infection and protection of lambs with a minute plaque variant of
      Rift Valley fever virus.
AB  - The injection of a single dose containing 5 X 10(3) plaque forming units (PFU) of
      a minute plaque variant of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) into two susceptible
      lambs resulted in no detectable viremia, pyrexia or clinical signs of disease.
      Immunization with the minute plaque variant induced neutralizing antibody as
      early as seven days postinoculation; however, no complement fixing antibodies
      were detected. Lambs immunized in this manner were protected when challenged with
      an infectious dose containing 1 X 10(3) PFU of wild type RVFV. These data
      indicate that the minute plaque variant may hold promise as a candidate live
      virus animal vaccine.

PMID- 3706630
TI  - The early kinetics of the neutralizing antibody response after booster
      immunizations with human diploid cell rabies vaccine.
AB  - Persons immunized in developing countries were recently shown to have low titers
      after pre-exposure immunization with human diploid cell rabies vaccine (HDCV). An
      investigation into the response to HDCV boosters was conducted to determine if
      immunologic sensitization had occurred and if there was a response difference in
      persons immunized in and outside of the United States. Intramuscular (im) booster
      doses of vaccine were administered to 113 persons previously immunized outside
      the United States and 47 persons immunized in the United States. The post
      exposure booster regimen of a single 1.0-ml im booster, as recommended by the
      World Health Organization for all but the most severe bites, produced a one
      dilution (5-fold) rise in antibody titer in 14 (11%) of 123 persons tested 5 days
      after booster and in 56 (89%) of 63 persons studied 7 days after booster. Persons
      immunized in the United States and those immunized outside the United States had
      similar responses. Persons with low pre-booster titers were more likely to
      exhibit a 5-fold rise in antibody titer 5 days after booster (P = 0.03) than
      persons with higher pre-booster titers. The post-exposure booster regimen of 2
      1.0-ml im doses (one each on days 0 and 3), recommended in the United States,
      produced a more rapid response than the single booster regimen in only some
      persons; a 5-fold response occurred in 6 (50%) of 12 persons 5 days after
      booster.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3706631
TI  - Perforation of the colon in the immunocompromised patient.
AB  - Perforation of the colon in the immunocompromised patient is a catastrophic and
      usually fatal event. The immunocompromised patient, like all patients, may suffer
      from the more common causes of colonic perforation, including diverticulitis,
      chronic inflammatory bowel disease, presence of a foreign body, and trauma. There
      also appears to be in these patients the unusual occurrence of spontaneous
      perforation, particularly in patients with renal allografts or on dialysis. In a
      retrospective multi-hospital review, 10 cases of apparent spontaneous perforation
      were found. The pathogenesis is unclear, but predisposing factors include
      immunosuppressive medications, uremia, discrete colon ulcerations, and fecal
      impaction. The reported mortality rate approaches 100 percent due to delayed
      recognition and impaired host defense mechanisms. In our patients, mortality was
      40 percent. We attribute this improved survival to prompt surgical intervention
      and aggressive postoperative management, including daily dialysis, parenteral
      hyperalimentation, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and a high index of suspicion for
      ongoing sepsis with early repeat exploration.

PMID- 3706633
TI  - Improving the outcome in gallstone ileus.
AB  - A 32 year retrospective review of 24 cases of gallstone ileus from the hospitals
      of Oregon Health Sciences University has been presented. Nineteen patients (79
      percent) were female and 18 (75 percent) were more than 70 years of age. Fifty
      four percent of the patients had a correct preoperative diagnosis that correlated
      well with the roentgenographic findings. Enterolithotomy was the most frequently
      employed operation, and cholecystoduodenal fistulas were positively identified in
      61 percent of the patients. Most obstructions occurred in the distal ileum (48
      percent). Wound infections occurred in six patients (26 percent), and there were
      three deaths for a mortality rate of 13 percent. Of note, the incidence of wound
      infections and mortality is found to be decreasing. This is related to the more
      frequent use of prophylactic antibiotics. The controversy regarding performing an
      enterolithotomy alone versus a one stage procedure has been reviewed and several
      interesting and atypical cases have been briefly discussed.

PMID- 3706632
TI  - Surgery in long-term dialysis patients. Experience with more than 300 cases.
AB  - Three hundred twelve surgical procedures in patients with chronic renal failure
      have been characterized. There is a high incidence of operation in this expanding
      population. Multiple procedures for each patient were found in our 10 year study.
      Operative mortality was 1 percent and late mortality was about 10 percent per
      year. The survival curve predicted an 81 percent 2 year rate and a 60 percent 5
      year survival rate. The high late mortality was likely related to the underlying
      disease process and the high proportion of complicating associated illnesses. The
      gross complication rate was high (64 percent), with the most frequent one being
      hyperkalemia. Other frequent complications were hemodynamic instability,
      infections, and fluid overload. A pattern of postoperative time to onset for the
      various complications was identified. Perioperative management requires
      aggressive, but appropriate metabolic, hematologic, and pharmaceutical
      intervention.

PMID- 3706634
TI  - Accuracy and relationship of mechanisms of injury, trauma score, and injury
      severity score in identifying major trauma.
AB  - The accuracy of mechanism of injury criteria and trauma scores as triage criteria
      for identifying major trauma patients has been determined from the experience at
      one trauma center treating 2,500 patients over a 2 year period. Death of the
      other occupant of the same vehicle as the patient and patient extrication taking
      longer than 20 minutes were determined to be sufficiently accurate triage
      criteria. Trauma scores of 14 or less were more accurate than trauma scores of 12
      or less.

PMID- 3706635
TI  - Ambulatory hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy for cancer of the liver.
AB  - We have used continuous hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy to treat 105
      patients with cancer of the liver originating from colorectal, other
      gastrointestinal, and nongastrointestinal sites. The response rate seen in
      colorectal metastases was two to three times that expected for systemic
      chemotherapy. The median survival of responders of 16 months was significantly
      better then for nonresponders (6 months). The median duration of response was 9
      months. The results for patients with other tumor types were less encouraging.
      Although minor problems developed in about 30 percent of the patients, major
      complications requiring removal of the catheter were not common. Expertise
      derived from managing many patients and a team approach, with a defined protocol
      for catheter care and follow-up, contributed to the success of the ambulatory
      program. However, the role of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy remains
      under debate. At the root of the controversy is the lack of randomized,
      controlled trials supporting the superiority of hepatic arterial infusion over
      systemic chemotherapy in the treatment of colorectal liver metastases. This and
      other issues, including the current liberal use of implanted infusion pumps,
      should be studied.

PMID- 3706636
TI  - Aggressive surgical management of pyriform sinus carcinoma. A 15 year experience.
AB  - A total of 51 patients with pyriform sinus carcinoma were treated surgically.
      Fifty had pharyngolaryngectomy and radical neck dissection and 1 had a
      pharyngolaryngectomy. The surgical mortality was zero. No patients were lost to
      follow-up and all were followed for a minimum of 2 years. Stage IV patients had a
      2 year survival rate of 15 percent and stage III patients, a 45 percent rate.
      Eighty-four percent of radical neck specimens contained involved nodes. The 2
      year survival rates correlated with the number of pathologically involved nodes
      were as follows: 50 percent for those with zero to one node, 31 percent for two
      to three nodes, and 16 percent for four or more nodes. Perioperative radiotherapy
      increased the survival rate in those patients with zero to three involved nodes
      (47 percent survival rate with radiotherapy versus 25 percent without
      radiotherapy). Tumor recurrence was most frequent at the primary site (32
      percent) and directly affected survival and control of disease elsewhere.
      Pyriform sinus carcinoma often presents with advanced local and nodal disease.
      Local control is essential, and adequate resection may require a cervical
      esophagectomy. Survival may be enhanced by the addition of radiotherapy in those
      patients with minimal nodal involvement.

PMID- 3706637
TI  - Tissue expansion as an adjunctive technique for the management of difficult
      wounds.
AB  - Replacement of lost or injured tissues with similar tissues is a major goal of
      the reconstructive surgeon. A relatively new modality, tissue expansion, appears
      to be an helpful adjunct in achieving this goal by providing tissues for
      reconstruction that are near at hand, possess similar characteristics to the lost
      tissue, and can even enhance vascularity within an ischemic area. Although the
      technique is a useful one, its indications and contraindications are incompletely
      defined. We have used this technique 65 times in 42 patients during a 2 1/2 year
      period. The overall complication rate has been 22 percent, similar to other
      reconstructive techniques, but the consequences of these complications have been
      relatively minor and have not, for the most part, added significantly to patient
      morbidity.

PMID- 3706639
TI  - The physician's preceptorial role in the development of critical analytic skills.

PMID- 3706638
TI  - Aortoenteric fistula. A 7 year urban experience.
AB  - In this 7 year review of the operative records of a single city's teaching
      hospitals, we found 28 patients with aortoenteric fistulas. Among 25 patients
      with secondary aortoenteric fistulas, 80 percent presented with a herald bleed.
      Sepsis was rare. Most diagnostic maneuvers, with the possible exception of upper
      gastrointestinal tract endoscopy, computerized axial tomography, or
      ultrasonography, were unhelpful. As noted by others, graft excision, aortic
      ligature, and extraanatomic bypass is the only predictably useful operative
      therapy. Initial hospital survival was 60 percent, but this decreased to 36
      percent because recurrent aortic complications developed in more than half the
      initial survivors, 75 percent of whom died. Although the pathogenesis of
      aortoenteric fistulas remains obscure, our study demonstrates that patients who
      have previously undergone complicated, repeated, or emergency aortic operations,
      including previous repair of an aortoenteric fistula, are at high risk for the
      development of another aortoenteric fistula. Serial screening by noninvasive
      imaging techniques, such as ultrasonography or computerized axial tomography, may
      be warranted in these patients.

PMID- 3706640
TI  - Meckel's diverticulum: value of ectopic tissue.
AB  - Cases of symptomatic Meckel's diverticulum treated surgically on an emergency
      basis during the last decade are reviewed. A series of 18 patients were divided
      into two groups depending on the presence or absence of ectopic tissue in the
      diverticulum. Group 1 consisted of five patients (28 percent) without ectopic
      tissue, and Group 2 consisted of 13 patients (72 percent) with ectopic tissue (8
      gastric ectopia, 2 pancreatic ectopia, and 3 both gastric and pancreatic
      ectopia). Previous clinical records related to Meckel's diverticulum were found
      for 54 percent of the patients in Group 2 and for none of those in Group 1. The
      most common acute manifestations were intestinal occlusion (seven patients),
      digestive hemorrhage (five patients), and peritonitis (three patients). The
      postoperative course was 7 days in Group 1 and 15 days in Group 2 regardless of
      the surgical technique used. We conclude that the presence of ectopic tissue in
      patients with Meckel's diverticulum seems to be the main risk for occurrence of
      an acute nonmechanical complication. This complication appears more frequently
      and with more severity in young patients.

PMID- 3706641
TI  - Fiberoptic intraluminal transillumination of the cystic duct and the common bile
      duct.
AB  - We have developed two new fiberoptic instructions for outlining the anatomic
      characteristics of the extrahepatic biliary tree. By transilluminating the common
      and cystic ducts and duodenum, any obstruction or pathologic abnormalities can be
      visualized and located. These instruments can be used instead of intraoperative
      cholangiography when indicated.

PMID- 3706642
TI  - The role of the academic clinician in health services research.

PMID- 3706643
TI  - The polysomnographic diagnoses of sleep disorders in elderly medical patients.

PMID- 3706644
TI  - Effect of an inhaled bronchodilator on histamine-induced cough in asthmatic
      subjects.

PMID- 3706645
TI  - Surgical treatment of tetralogy of Fallot.

PMID- 3706646
TI  - Transposition of the great arteries--diagnosis.

PMID- 3706647
TI  - The diagnosis of ventricular septal defects.

PMID- 3706648
TI  - Surgical treatment of ventricular septal defect in the first two years of life.

PMID- 3706649
TI  - Current medical management of chronic coronary syndromes.

PMID- 3706650
TI  - Acute myocardial ischemic syndromes. Natural history and medical management.

PMID- 3706651
TI  - Medical pathology conference. Persistent pneumonia in a 40-year-old diabetic.

PMID- 3706652
TI  - Prenatal genetic studies at the University of Alabama at Birmingham: an update.

PMID- 3706653
TI  - Management of avulsed permanent tooth.

PMID- 3706654
TI  - Congenital Horner's syndrome.

PMID- 3706655
TI  - Sporadic campylobacteriosis in central Alabama.

PMID- 3706656
TI  - Acute encephalopathy induced by lead-contaminated whiskey.

PMID- 3706657
TI  - Organizational aspects of outpatient anesthesia.

PMID- 3706658
TI  - Brain maturity in regard to the auditory brainstem response in small-for-date
      neonates.
AB  - The auditory brainstem response has been used in neonates at risk of hearing
      impairment or as a functional measurement of brain maturity. The goal of the
      present study was to evaluate the auditory brainstem response in small-for-date
      newborns, in relation to changes observed with fetal maturity in a control group.
      Compared to controls with similar maturity, a significant delay for the
      appearance of waves III and V, and between waves I-V was observed in the small
      for-date newborns, suggesting an alteration of the auditory pathway within the
      brainstem rather than an impairment of the peripheral auditive apparatus. Indeed,
      small-for-date newborns reacted to the test in a similar manner as premature
      babies in whom such a delay was also observed. Our data would suggest a
      functional brain immaturity in small-for-date newborns, during the first days of
      life, in regard to the auditive evoked potential, which may be related to some
      alterations in brain development reported with fetal malnutrition.

PMID- 3706659
TI  - Somatosensory evoked potentials to posterior tibial nerve stimulation in
      children.
AB  - The somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) to stimulation of the tibial nerve
      were studied in 88 children ranging in age from 1 day to 16 years. SEPs were not
      evidenced in 10 out of 44 infants less than 1 year old. In others it was a major
      positive wave (P) with a variable topographic distribution on the midline. The
      onset and peak latencies of this P were highly variable in different subjects of
      the same age or body-size, and in the same subject with the active electrode
      placed in different locations. The lowest values for latency were in subjects
      about 3 years old. The ascending time of P was the only parameter strictly
      correlated with age. The results are compared with SEPs to upper limb
      stimulation, which are constant and more reliable. These results indicate: that
      the maturation of the peripheral somatosensory pathway proceeds at a faster rate
      than that of the central somatosensory pathway; that the maturation of the
      somatosensory pathway of the upper limb precedes that of the lower limb; and that
      the ascending time of P is a good index of thalamo-cortical maturation. The
      clinical utility of these SEPs in pediatrics is discussed.

PMID- 3706660
TI  - Pedoscope studies on neonatal activity and center of gravity after delivery.
AB  - Seventeen normal term infants delivered at the Jikei University School of
      Medicine were placed daily on a pedoscope in the supine and prone position after
      birth, and the movement of the gravity center and changes in the activities of
      the extremities were assessed. The results indicated that both the activity of
      the extremities and the movement of the gravity center were sluggish after birth,
      that both increased to reach peaks within 1 to 3 days, and that then temporary
      decreases occurred before they increased again. The probable reason for the
      temporary decrease in activity may be habituation or a decrement in the infant,
      and it is also presumed that the increase in activity after the transitory
      decrease reflects natural development.

PMID- 3706661
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of rectal diazepam in the prevention of recurrent febrile
      convulsions.
AB  - To determine the optimum dosage schedule for intermittent rectal diazepam in
      suppository form for the prevention of recurrent febrile convulsions, we studied
      the pharmacokinetics of diazepam administered in repeated rectal doses. The
      plasma concentration-time data for diazepam on twice repeated rectal dosing with
      0.5 mg/kg at 8-hour intervals in six infants showed that therapeutic plasma
      levels could be attained within 30 minutes and maintained for the first 24 hours.
      Most of the observed plasma diazepam levels were found to be within +/- one
      standard deviation of the values calculated from the pharmacokinetic parameters
      in six other infants with single rectal dosing. Computer-simulated plasma level
      profile suggested that plasma diazepam levels may reach the toxic range after
      administration of five or more doses. Twice repeated rectal dosing with 0.5 mg/kg
      of diazepam in suppository form at 8-hour intervals during the febrile period may
      be a rational approach for the prevention of recurrent febrile convulsions.

PMID- 3706662
TI  - Developmental change of short latency somatosensory evoked potential waves
      between P3 and N1 components in children.
AB  - We attempted to isolate and identify the negative waves between the conventional
      P3 and N1 components of short latency somatosensory evoked potentials (S-SEPs) in
      children. Twenty normal children ranging in age from 3 months to 12 years, and 11
      adolescents and adults were studied. The median nerve was stimulated and
      recordings from F (F3 or F4) and C' (1-2 cm posterior to C3 or C4) contralateral
      to the stimulation site were simultaneously obtained in order to identify each
      negative wave in the C' recording. The wave of C' coincident with that of F was
      regarded as the far-field potential, and the wave of C' that diverged from F as
      the near-field potential at the scalp. There were one negative wave (N1) in the
      far-field potential and 2 negative waves (N2 and N1(3)) in the near-field
      potential, after the P3 component. "N1(3)" was conventional N1 and "N2" was the
      negative wave just before N1(3). In infants and younger children, the interpeak
      latencies of P3-N1(3) and P3-N2 were markedly elongated in comparison with that
      in older children. These interpeak latencies may be useful as an index of
      cerebral maturation.

PMID- 3706663
TI  - Unusual case of diffuse connective tissue disease with nodule formations in
      muscle, lung, kidney and brain.
AB  - A 9-year-old boy had nodular masses in the left gastrocnemius muscle and lung,
      right kidney and right frontal area of the brain. Laboratory examinations,
      including positive anti-nuclear antibody, anti-RNP antibody, RA and CRP, hyper
      gamma-globulinemia and accelerated ESR, showed characteristic of diffuse
      connective tissue disease (DCTD). Biopsy specimens were obtained from the thymus
      and from masses in the left lung and gastrocnemius muscle. The thymus showed
      hyperplasia, and a mass in the lung showed nonspecific inflammatory reactions
      such as connective tissue proliferation and cellular infiltration. Biopsied
      muscle also showed severe connective tissue proliferation, cellular infiltration,
      variation in fiber size and thickened blood vessel walls. In addition,
      abnormalities, including thickening of the basement membrane and an almost
      occluded narrow lumen of capillaries, were found on electron microscopy
      examination. Steroid administration led to remarkable improvement of the
      symptoms. These results suggested that DCTD is responsible for these symptoms.

PMID- 3706664
TI  - Stroke in a patient with hemolytic-uremic syndrome with a good outcome.
AB  - We report a child with HUS complicated by stupor, hemiparesis, expressive aphasia
      and focal seizures. CAT scan of the brain demonstrated 2 large cerebral non
      hemorrhagic infarcts. Despite the severe neurological involvement the child
      eventually made a good recovery.

PMID- 3706666
TI  - Ochronosis in black South Africans who used skin lighteners.
AB  - Skin-lightening preparations containing hydroquinone are used extensively by
      black South Africans. In some instances these preparations produce severe and
      irreversible cutaneous damage. Clinically, the deleterious effects begin with
      darkening and coarsening of the skin, followed by a hyperpigmented papular
      condition. Histologically, there is increased basophilia of the collagen,
      followed by the formation of yellow fibers. These yellow fibers swell and break
      down to form an amorphous eosinophilic material. Electron microscopy shows that
      the changes arise from a breakdown of normal collagen.

PMID- 3706665
TI  - Increased cadmium resistance of skin fibroblasts from Menkes disease patients.
AB  - Cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with Menkes disease and Wilson disease
      were analyzed as to their sensitivities to copper and cadmium by means of a
      colony-forming ability and cell growth study. All the Menkes strains exhibited
      about 3-fold higher levels of resistance to cadmium, whereas the cytotoxicity of
      copper did not differ among the Menkes, Wilson and normal fibroblast strains. The
      resistance to cadmium of Menkes skin fibroblasts may provide a diagnostic marker
      of Menkes disease and useful or valuable model for the understanding of
      detoxification system against heavy metals.

PMID- 3706667
TI  - Recurrent digital fibromatosis of childhood. An ultrastructural and
      immunohistochemical study of two cases.
AB  - Two cases of recurrent digital fibromatosis of childhood were studied by electron
      microscopy and immunohistochemistry, using rabbit anti-actin antisera. The tumor
      cells were typical myofibroblasts, containing inclusion bodies and bundles of
      microfilaments. Immunohistochemistry showed the presence of actin in these cells,
      thus proving the myofibroblastic nature of the tumors. Inclusions were negative
      or showed a weak annular positivity. A possible explanation of these findings is
      discussed.

PMID- 3706668
TI  - Nevus sebaceus. A clinicopathologic study of its evolution.
AB  - We studied 130 specimens of nevus sebaceus of Jadassohn. All structures derived
      from the surface ectoderm were found to be affected in varying degree. Several
      different histologic patterns were discerned. The nosological position of nevus
      sebaceus is discussed, and it is concluded that nevus sebaceus is a hamartoma
      that involves both epithelial and non-epithelial elements of the skin.

PMID- 3706669
TI  - Quantitative studies on nonlymphoid mononuclear cell subpopulations in cutaneous
      infiltrates. I. Stage-related changes of dendritic nonlymphoid mononuclear cells,
      Langerhans' cells, and macrophages in lichen planus lesions.
AB  - In previous investigations on lichen planus, we suggested that in early lesions
      T4-positive cells might be antigen-specifically driven, whereas in late lesions
      T8-positive cells may be cytotoxic to keratinocytes. To verify this hypothesis,
      we investigated the following nonlymphoid mononuclear cell subpopulations in
      early versus late lichen planus lesions: interdigitating cells (phenotype: S100
      positive, lysozyme-negative, T6-negative, M3-negative), Langerhans cells
      (phenotype: S100-positive, lysozyme-negative, T6-positive, M3-negative),
      macrophages (phenotype: S100-negative, lysozyme-positive, T6-negative, M3
      positive). Interdigitating cells were moreover identified in semithin and
      ultrathin sections by distinctive morphological characteristics. The S100
      positive/lysozyme-positive cell ratio was higher (p less than 0.01) in early
      lesions than late lesions. In dermis but not in epidermis (NS), of early lesions,
      T6-positive cells were less represented than S100 positive cells (p less than
      0.025). Thus, Langerhans' cells largely predominated over interdigitating cells
      in epidermis, but the two populations were both represented in dermis. Lysozyme
      positive and M3-positive cells, more abundant in late lesions than in early
      lesions (p less than 0.001), were often filled with pigment granules.

PMID- 3706670
TI  - Clinicopathologic correlation in diagnosis of diseases of the skin.

PMID- 3706671
TI  - An unusual form of Mycobacterium chelonei infection. The problem of differential
      diagnosis of cutaneous infections with granules.
AB  - We report a patient with a cutaneous infection produced by Mycobacterium chelonei
      and histologically manifested as granules like those usually seen in a
      heterogeneous group of infections. We review the differential diagnosis of this
      morphological form of micro-organisms in tissues.

PMID- 3706672
TI  - Does a condition like human pityriasis rosea occur in pigs?

PMID- 3706673
TI  - Cyclosporin A and graft-vs.-host disease.

PMID- 3706674
TI  - Errors in inhalation technique and efficiency in inhaler use in asthmatic
      children.
AB  - 256 asthmatic children receiving regular inhalation therapy demonstrated how they
      used their inhalers. Pulmonary function measurements (PFM) were made before and
      after the demonstrations, and errors in technique were recorded. 242 children had
      reversible airway obstruction on the day of study. In only 109 (45%) did the
      inhalation result in an increase in FEV1 greater than or equal to 15% (efficient
      technique). An efficient inhalation technique was found in 46% of children who
      demonstrated a pressurized aerosol, 59% who demonstrated a tube spacer aerosol
      and 46% who demonstrated a rotahaler, and the frequency of efficient technique
      varied from 17% to 84% between six different groups of instructors. 87% of
      children controlled and 25% not controlled with PFM at the time of prescription
      had an efficient technique. Children under 6 years had a more inefficient and a
      more faulty technique than older children, but otherwise age did not influence
      the result. Neither was time since instruction of any importance for efficiency
      or number of errors. The errors recorded that seem to influence efficiency most
      were: coordination problems, rapid inspirations, ceasing to inspire when the
      aerosol was fired, and inhalation through the nose. The results emphasize the
      paramount importance of clear instructions and control of inhalation technique at
      the time the treatment is prescribed.

PMID- 3706675
TI  - A new inhalation technique for improved effect of aerosolized drugs in asthma.
      The shrug of the shoulder method.
AB  - A new, simple technique for inhalation of aerosolized drugs is described: During
      the breathholding period after inhalation from a pressurized aerosol the patient
      lifts his right and lowers his left shoulder and vice versa to "disperse" the
      drug as well as possible in the lungs. Twenty outpatients suffering from
      reversible bronchial obstruction inhaled two puffs from a pressurized terbutaline
      aerosol in the morning on two consecutive days using the new inhalation technique
      on one day and their ordinary technique on the other in this randomised, cross
      over trial. Compared with the conventional method the new inhalation technique
      significantly improved bronchodilation as measured by forced expiratory volume in
      1st s and forced vital capacity during a period of 6 h. The new method of
      inhalation may improve treatment with aerosolized drugs.

PMID- 3706676
TI  - Evaluation of Allergenetics fluorometric assays for IgE and IgE antibody.

PMID- 3706677
TI  - A preliminary study of immunotherapy with a monomethoxy polyethylene glycol
      modified honey bee venom preparation.
AB  - Monomethoxy polyethylene glycol (mPEG) modified honey bee venom (HBV)
      immunotherapy (IT) has been studied in 14 patients allergic to honey bee venom.
      Doses could be increased more rapidly and higher doses were reached compared to
      regular venom immunotherapy. No general side effects were seen, although large
      local swellings were found somewhat more often than with regular HBV. Most
      patients could easily be switched from the modified to the unmodified venom.
      Eight patients experienced and tolerated field stings. Skin testing showed a
      decreased allergenicity of the mPEG-HBV. The mean HBV-specific IgE level was
      below pre-treatment level already after only 6 weeks of IT. The HBV-specific IgG
      response was very good.

PMID- 3706678
TI  - IgG and IgE antibody patterns after immunotherapy with monomethoxy
      polyethyleneglycol modified honey bee venom.
AB  - Antibody responses to honey bee venom (HBV) were studied in 13 patients during a
      4-month course of immunotherapy with monomethoxy polyethyleneglycol (mPEG)
      modified venom. There was a rise of HBV-specific IgG antibodies as measured by
      IgG-RAST in all patients and a slight decrease of IgE antibody in most of them.
      The IgG-antibody responses during mPEG-HBV treatment as examined by crossed
      radioimmunoelectrophoresis were directed to phospholipase A, hyaluronidase, acid
      phosphatase and to another allergen, antigen 1. Thus, despite a high degree of
      mPEG-modification of HBV, the immunogenicity of the most important HBV allergens
      was retained.

PMID- 3706679
TI  - [Comparative morphology of thyroarytenoid muscle].

PMID- 3706680
TI  - [Contribution of cortical-ERA in the evaluation of occupational deafness].

PMID- 3706682
TI  - Adverse reactions to drugs and anaesthetists.

PMID- 3706681
TI  - [Electrocochleography in Meniere's disease].

PMID- 3706684
TI  - An investigation of factors affecting postoperative rewarming of adult patients.
AB  - Aural canal temperature was measured for one hour after arrival in the recovery
      room in 200 adult patients who underwent one of the following types of major
      surgery: abdominal, pelvic, vascular, orthopaedic or prostatic. One group of 100
      patients was studied in the recovery room of Hammersmith Hospital which was not
      equipped with a controlled system for constant ventilation and humidification,
      while the other 100 patients were studied in the recovery room of Edgware General
      Hospital, which had a constant ambient temperature and controlled relative
      humidity with 20 air changes/hour. The rate of rewarming was found to be similar
      in both groups. Within the range of ambient temperatures and relative humidities
      measured, patients over 60 years of age rewarmed more slowly than did patients
      under 60 years (p less than 0.05). General anaesthesia was associated with
      significantly faster rewarming than was local anaesthesia (p less than 0.01).

PMID- 3706683
TI  - A pre-induction test dose for suxamethonium.
AB  - A two-part experimental and clinical study was conducted to determine the effects
      of administration of a pre-induction dose of suxamethonium, and to see whether
      the symptoms produced could form the basis of a test dose, to determine
      sensitivity to suxamethonium prior to administration of a full intubation dose.
      Suxamethonium was shown to produce distinctive clinical features characterised by
      signs of both extraocular muscle contraction and paresis, manifest by symptoms of
      eye and eyelid heaviness without generalised paresis. The dose response was
      determined in individuals with normal plasma cholinesterase, to a test dose of
      suxamethonium chloride of between 20 and 1 micrograms/kg. Individuals with
      abnormal plasma cholinesterase were shown to exhibit sensitivity to these low
      doses and were easily distinguished from those with normal enzyme. A protocol is
      suggested which can conveniently establish, prior to induction, those individuals
      with a reduced ability to hydrolyse suxamethonium.

PMID- 3706685
TI  - Obstetric anaesthetic services in Scotland in 1982.
AB  - A recent survey of Scottish obstetric anaesthesia practice revealed that the
      majority of deliveries take place in the larger hospitals; these also have the
      highest epidural rates, both for relief of pain in labour and for Caesarean
      section. However, as epidural blockade is an essential part of modern obstetric
      practice, it is a matter of concern to achieve an equal standard in the medium
      sized hospitals, whilst accepting that special arrangements are required in the
      very small obstetric hospitals.

PMID- 3706686
TI  - Changes in skin thermal clearance during anaesthesia.
AB  - Thermal and vascular side effects occurring during general anaesthesia are
      related to skin blood flow. A new, noninvasive probe which measures skin thermal
      clearance, a variable closely related to skin blood flow, was used in nine
      patients under phenoperidine, droperidol, propanidid anaesthesia. Statistically
      significant increases in skin thermal clearance clearly preceded the drop in mean
      arterial blood pressure and the rise in skin temperature. It is concluded that
      general anaesthesia induced an early increase in skin blood flow and that thermal
      clearance is a better technique than skin thermometry to monitor skin blood flow.

PMID- 3706687
TI  - The effect of halothane on cerebral electrical activity. An assessment using the
      cerebral function analysing monitoring (CFAM).
AB  - Recordings of cerebral electrical activity were obtained using the cerebral
      function analysing monitor from eight unpremedicated patients anaesthetised with
      increasing concentrations of halothane in oxygen. The amplitude of the processed
      EEG increased at one and decreased at two minimal alveolar concentrations. The
      frequency distribution of the weighted EEG signal showed a linear increase of
      delta activity with a corresponding decrease in beta activity with increasing
      concentrations of halothane.

PMID- 3706688
TI  - Raynaud's phenomenon precipitated by blood transfusion.
AB  - A patient undergoing surgery with spinal anaesthesia received a transfusion of
      concentrated red cells. Whenever the rate of blood transfusion reached a certain
      critical value, the symptoms and signs of Raynaud's phenomenon appeared in the
      hand distal to the site of the intravenous cannula. Possible causes of this
      transfusion-induced vasospasm are discussed.

PMID- 3706689
TI  - Accidental spinal anaesthesia following intrathoracic intercostal nerve blockade.
      A case report.

PMID- 3706690
TI  - The use of antacids as a prophylaxis against Mendelson's syndrome in the United
      Kingdom. A survey.
AB  - Maternal mortality from aspiration of gastric contents still remains unacceptably
      high, despite various recommended prophylactic measures. In order to establish
      which forms of antacid prophylaxis are currently being used, a questionnaire was
      sent to anaesthetists working in obstetric units in the United Kingdom. Despite
      its limitations, magnesium trisilicate remains the most popular antacid during
      labour and before Caesarean section.

PMID- 3706691
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of fentanyl.

PMID- 3706692
TI  - Anaesthesia for extracorporeal lithotripsy.

PMID- 3706693
TI  - Laryngeal cyst following fibreoptic intubation.

PMID- 3706694
TI  - Drowsiness after epidural opioids.

PMID- 3706695
TI  - The width of the posterior epidural space in obstetric patients.

PMID- 3706696
TI  - Coronary artery air embolism in the presence of nitrous oxide.

PMID- 3706697
TI  - Delayed 'immediate' bupivacaine toxicity during axillary brachial plexus block.

PMID- 3706698
TI  - Topical adrenaline.

PMID- 3706699
TI  - Difficult tracheal intubation as a result of unsuspected abnormality of the
      temporomandibular joint.

PMID- 3706701
TI  - Selectatec system: misplaced blood.

PMID- 3706700
TI  - A hazard of the Penlon off-line vaporizer mounting system.

PMID- 3706702
TI  - Two unilateral epidural blocks.

PMID- 3706703
TI  - Oculocardiac reflex from the empty orbit.

PMID- 3706704
TI  - Traumatic nasotracheal intubation.

PMID- 3706705
TI  - A case for tonsillectomy.

PMID- 3706706
TI  - Purification and analysis of mitochondrial membrane proteins on nondenaturing
      gradient polyacrylamide gels.
AB  - A nondenaturing gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis method is described
      for the resolution of membrane proteins. Bovine heart inner mitochondrial
      membranes were solubilized in Triton X-100 and individual complexes were
      identified by staining for activity and protein. Succinate dehydrogenase was
      isolated by band excision and shown by electrophoresis under denaturing
      conditions to be highly purified. In addition, the electrophoretic transfer of
      NADH dehydrogenase to nitrocellulose was demonstrated. The enzyme was identified
      on the resulting blot by activity staining and the binding of monospecific
      antibodies.

PMID- 3706707
TI  - Polymerization of acrylamide at acid pH using uranyl nitrate.
AB  - A new photopolymerizing reagent, uranyl nitrate, is used for the polymerization
      of acrylamide gels at low pH. The amount of uranyl nitrate (0.2 mg/ml) required
      for the polymerization of gels at pH 3.0 is considerably less than that of
      persulfate (7 mg/ml). Use of this reagent obviates the need for the removal of
      excess of persulfate by preelectrophoresis. The electrophoretic separation of
      basic proteins in uranium-polymerized gels showed faster movement and better
      resolution of proteins and proved the gels to be versatile, uniform, and
      reproducible. Electrophoresis of trypsin in these gels does not affect the
      enzymatic activity. The catalyst can also be used for the polymerization of gels
      containing 3 M urea.

PMID- 3706708
TI  - pH microelectrode: modified Thomas recessed-tip configuration.
AB  - Through the use of a glass-membrane pH electrode and a water-tight seal a
      modified Thomas pH microelectrode has been developed. The modified Thomas
      electrode has a relatively low electrical resistance (10(11) omega), a small
      sensing chamber (10 microns3), and a rapid response time (10 s) and can be
      manufactured in both single- and double-barreled configurations. The modified
      Thomas electrode is designed to measure the intracellular pH of small cells such
      as those found in the mammalian kidney tubule.

PMID- 3706709
TI  - Lowry protein assay using an automatic microtiter plate spectrophotometer.
AB  - The method of protein determination reported by Lowry et al. (1951, J. Biol.
      Chem. 193, 265-275) has been adapted for use with 96-well microtiter plates and
      an automatic microplate spectrophotometer. The spectrophotometer has been
      interfaced with a computer which plots the standard curve and calculates the
      protein content of each sample. The adapted method offers advantages over
      previously reported methods in that it is more rapid and uses a smaller sample
      volume (100 microliters) for samples containing 3-300 micrograms/ml (0.3-30
      micrograms/assay) of protein. The method of Bensadoun and Weinstein (1976, Anal.
      Biochem. 70, 241-252) for precipitating microgram amounts of protein away from
      substances which interfere with the Lowry assay has also been adapted to this
      microplate procedure. These techniques should be particularly useful for
      laboratories where large numbers of samples containing a wide range of protein
      concentrations are assayed.

PMID- 3706710
TI  - Adaptation of the bicinchoninic acid protein assay for use with microtiter plates
      and sucrose gradient fractions.
AB  - The bincinchoninic acid protein assay has been adapted for use with microtiter
      plates and a plate reader to reduce the time needed for analyses. The total
      volume of the assay was reduced to 0.21 ml with various ratios of sample to
      reagent volume being used. The assay is sensitive to a limit of less than 1
      microgram of bovine serum albumin. The assay is insensitive to the presence of
      the detergents sodium dodecyl sulfate, Triton X-100, and deoxycholate. In
      addition, the method has been adapted for determining the protein concentrations
      of sucrose density gradient fractions, which eliminates the need for removing the
      sucrose prior to assay.

PMID- 3706711
TI  - A sequential, solid-phase assay for biotin in physiologic fluids that correlates
      with expected biotin status.
AB  - Interest in accurate measurement of biotin concentrations in plasma and urine has
      been stimulated by recent advances in the understanding of biotin-responsive
      inborn errors of metabolism and by several reports describing acquired biotin
      deficiency during parenteral alimentation. This paper presents a biotin assay
      utilizing radiolabeled avidin in a sequential, solid-phase method; the assay has
      increased sensitivity compared to previous methods (greater than or equal to 10
      fmol/tube), correlates with expected trends in biotin concentrations in blood and
      urine in a rat model of biotin deficiency, and can utilize commercially available
      radiolabeled avidin.

PMID- 3706712
TI  - A radiometric assay for ganglioside sialidase applied to the determination of the
      enzyme subcellular location in cultured human fibroblasts.
AB  - A radiometric method for the assay of ganglioside sialidase in cultured human
      fibroblasts was set up. As substrate, highly radioactive (1.28 Ci/mmol)
      ganglioside GDla isotopically tritium-labeled at carbon C-3 of the long chain
      base was employed; the liberated, and TLC separated [3H]GM1 was determined by
      computer-assisted radiochromatoscanning. Under experimental conditions that
      provided a low and quite acceptable (4-5%) coefficient of variation, the
      detection limit of the method was 0.1 nmol of liberated GM1, using as low as 10
      micrograms of fibroblast homogenate as protein. The detection limit could be
      lowered to 0.02-0.03 nmol, adopting conditions that, however, carried a higher
      analytical error (coefficient of variation over 10%). The content of ganglioside
      sialidase in human fibroblasts cultured in 75-cm2 plastic flasks was 5.8 +/- 2.5
      (SD) nmol liberated GM1 h-1 mg protein-1. Subfractionation studies performed on
      fibroblast homogenate showed that the ganglioside sialidase was mainly associated
      with the light membrane subfraction that was rich in plasma and intracellular
      membranes. This subfraction displayed almost no sialidase activity on the
      artificial substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl-D-N-acetylneuraminic acid. A small but
      measurable ganglioside sialidase activity was also present in the lysosome
      enriched subfraction, which contained a very high sialidase activity on the above
      artificial substrate. All this supports the hypothesis that human fibroblasts
      contain sialidases with different subcellular location and substrate specificity.
      Particularly, the sialidase acting on gangliosides seems to have two sites of
      subcellular location, a major one at the level of plasma membranes and/or
      intracellular organelles functionally related with the plasma membranes and a
      minor one in the lysosomes.

PMID- 3706713
TI  - Separation and quantitation of metallothioneins by high-performance liquid
      chromatography coupled with atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
AB  - A rapid, reproducible, and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography
      (HPLC) method for the determination of the concentrations of metallothionein-I
      (MT-I) and metallothionein-II (MT-II) in rat liver has been developed.
      Metallothioneins (MTs) were separated and quantitated by anion-exchange high
      performance liquid chromatography coupled with atomic absorption
      spectrophotometry (AAS). Purified rat liver MT-I and MT-II, used as standards for
      developing the method, were easily resolved, eluting at 7.5 and 10.4 min,
      respectively. To establish standard curves, protein concentrations of solutions
      of the purified MTs were determined by the Kjeldahl method for the determination
      of nitrogen, after which the standards were saturated with Cd (final
      concentration of 50 ppm Cd). Rat liver cytosols obtained from untreated and Cd-
      or Zn-treated rats were prepared for HPLC-AAS analysis by saturation with Cd (50
      ppm Cd) followed by heat denaturation (placing in a boiling water bath for 1
      min). Based on the method of standard additions, recovery of MTs exceeded 95% and
      repeated injection of a sample yielded a coefficient of variance of approximately
      2%. A detection limit of 5 micrograms MT/g liver was established for the method.
      Only MT-II was detected in untreated rats, whereas following exposure to Cd or
      Zn, both forms of MTs were detected. Concentrations of total MTs in liver of
      untreated and Cd- or Zn-treated rats were also determined by the Cd/hemoglobin
      radioassay (which fails to distinguish MT-I from MT-II) and indicated that
      results obtained with the HPLC-AAS method compared favorably to the Cd/hemoglobin
      radioassay. Thus, the HPLC-AAS method for quantitating MT-I and MT-II offers the
      advantage of determining the concentrations of both proteins in tissues and
      should be useful for studying the regulation of MT-I and MT-II.

PMID- 3706714
TI  - Double labeling of transferrin: tritium labeling of sialic acid and 125I or 59Fe
      labeling of the protein moiety.
AB  - A method is described in which the glycoprotein transferrin was double labeled.
      Its sialic acid residues were labeled with 3H through a consecutive oxidation
      reduction technique utilizing tritiated NaBH4. Its protein moiety was labeled
      with either 125I or 59Fe. Incubation of this double-labeled molecule at 4 degrees
      C with K562 cells gave overlapping curves, indicating identical patterns of
      binding for all labels. At 37 degrees C, 3H and 125I demonstrated identical
      patterns while 59Fe was cummulatively retained. This method can be used to follow
      the fate of other glycoproteins and their possible desialation in vivo.

PMID- 3706715
TI  - A new approach for detection and assignment of disulfide bonds in peptides.
AB  - A new procedure is described for identification of disulfide bonds in peptides by
      fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FABMS). Prolonged bombardment of a
      disulfide-containing peptide in solution by a high-energy xenon beam results in
      gradual reduction of the disulfide bond. The reduction is the result of reaction
      intermediates initially produced by the xenon beam. The method for
      characterization of interchain disulfide bonds is based on the increase in the
      relative intensity of the pseudomolecular ions of the reduced peptides with a
      simultaneous decrease in the relative intensity of the protonated molecular ion
      of the oxidized peptide. This information allows one to identify peptide
      fragments covalently linked via intermolecular disulfide bonds. The intrachain
      disulfide bonds are identified by the increase in the relative intensity of the
      protonated molecular ion of the reduced peptide, relative to the intensity of the
      protonated molecular ion of the oxidized peptide. These results indicate that
      this method can be used to detect disulfide bonds of peptides and provides
      unambiguous information regarding disulfide bond assignment in peptides.
      Approximately 1 nmol of sample is required.

PMID- 3706716
TI  - Negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry of 2,4-dinitrophenyl amino
      acid esters.
AB  - We report the negative ion chemical ionization mass spectra of 2,4-dinitrophenyl
      (DNP) amino acid methyl esters. For the common amino acids, these derivatives
      exhibit very simple mass spectra; the molecular anion is the base peak in all
      cases. The electrophilicity of the DNP group allows selective and sensitive
      ionization. Amino acids can be identified singly or in mixtures by their
      molecular weights, and picomole detection is possible. Chromatography is only
      needed for Leu/Ile differentiation. Amino-terminal analysis of proteins is
      demonstrated.

PMID- 3706717
TI  - Quantitative affinity chromatography: increased versatility of the technique for
      studies of ligand binding.
AB  - The potential of affinity chromatography for the characterization of strong
      solute-ligand interactions is explored by studying the NADH-dependent elution of
      rabbit muscle lactate dehydrogenase from a column of trinitrophenyl-Sepharose in
      0.067 M phosphate, pH 7.2. An interesting development is the simplification of
      the general affinity chromatography theory that emanates from the use of affinity
      matrices with a high concentration of immobilized reactant groups. The resultant
      expression allows evaluation of the intrinsic association constant for solute
      ligand interactions from a single series of either zonal or frontal affinity
      chromatographic experiments conducted in the presence of a range of free ligand
      concentrations. Thus, contrary to previous belief, an affinity matrix designed
      for solute purification work should prove to be an asset for, rather than an
      impediment to, the study of solute-ligand interactions by quantitative affinity
      chromatography.

PMID- 3706718
TI  - Synthesis and application of a poly(ethylene glycol)-antibody affinity ligand for
      cell separations in aqueous polymer two-phase systems.
AB  - The possibility of producing biospecific affinity ligands for separating cells in
      two polymer aqueous phase systems on the basis of cell surface antigens was
      investigated. Rabbit anti-human erythrocyte IgG was reacted with cyanuric
      chloride-activated monomethyl poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) fractions (molecular
      weights approximately 200, 1900, and 5000) at various molar ratios of PEG to
      protein lysine groups. The partition coefficient of the protein in a Dextran/PEG
      two-phase system increased with increasing degree of modification and increasing
      PEG molecular weight. There was a concomitant loss in ability to agglutinate
      human erythrocytes. The ability of the modified IgG to bind to a DEAE-cellulose
      column was almost eliminated by reaction with the PEG 5000, and was decreased to
      a lesser extent by PEG 1900. This PEG 1900-modified IgG substantially increased
      the partition of fresh or fixed human erythrocytes into the PEG-rich phase of a
      suitable phase system, while having no effect on rabbit cell partition. The
      partition increase could be inhibited by unmodified anti-human red cell IgG but
      not by nonspecific unmodified human IgG, demonstrating that the ligand effects
      were specific for the cell type against which the antibody was raised. A mixture
      of rabbit and human erythrocytes, which ordinarily have very similar partitions
      in the phase systems used, could be separated on a countercurrent distribution
      apparatus using the modified IgG. These results demonstrate the feasibility of
      producing immunologically specific affinity partition ligands for cell
      separation.

PMID- 3706719
TI  - Analysis and purification of plasmid DNA by reversed-phase high-performance
      liquid chromatography.
AB  - Large nucleic acids can be separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid
      chromatography. Under our experimental conditions, the retention time depends not
      on the chain length but rather on the base composition and the secondary
      structure of the molecule. Because of the torsional strain caused by the
      supercoiling of the plasmid, more of its bases are accessible for interaction
      with the hydrophobic stationary phase. This increases the retention time of the
      supercoiled DNA compared to the relaxed or linear DNA. We have exploited these
      properties to analyze the quality of plasmid preparations. The method is more
      sensitive to contaminants than common electrophoretic techniques. Furthermore, we
      describe a convenient and rapid procedure for purifying plasmid DNA. The highly
      pure plasmid is biologically more active for most of the enzymatic reactions
      commonly used in genetic engineering.

PMID- 3706720
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic purification of a ribonucleoprotein
      complex and its protein component.
AB  - This paper describes the rapid purification by high-performance liquid
      chromatographic techniques of milligram quantities of the 7 S ribonucleoprotein
      complex (RNP 7 S) and its protein component from tench (Tinca tinca) oocyte
      extracts. High-performance gel permeation chromatography (with a TSK 3000SW
      column) was found to be unacceptable because of multiple contaminants which
      coelute with RNP 7 S. In contrast, semipreparative high-performance DEAE ion
      exchange chromatography was found to give an excellent separation of the 7 S
      complex which could be directly adapted to a preparative scale providing rapid
      purification (less than 1 h) of milligram quantities of the complex. Agarose
      electrophoresis followed by specific staining of protein and nucleic acid was
      found to be a convenient and rapid means of evaluating the purification. Finally,
      reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography was found suitable for the
      purification of the protein component of the 7 S complex.

PMID- 3706721
TI  - Fluorometric quantitation of cellular and nonprotein thiols.
AB  - A microfluorometric assay for thiols has been developed using the thiol-specific
      fluorochrome N-[4-(7-diethylamino-4-methyl-3-coumarinyl)phenyl]maleimide (CPM).
      The technique may be used to quantitate either cellular or plasma thiols over a
      range of 0.01 to 3.0 nmol and may be used with as few as 1-3 X 10(5) cells giving
      highly proportional and reproducible results. Values for nonprotein thiols
      obtained with this assay agree well with previous reports on glutathione (GSH)
      levels for both lymphocytes and plasma. Readings are determined with the aid of
      an automated fluorescence microplate reader which allows up to 96 samples,
      including standards, to be read at the same time. Cellular thiols accessible
      after lysis were also quantitated before and after treatment of intact cells with
      various thiol-reactive chemicals. Interestingly, HgCl2, bromoethanesulfonic acid,
      and N-ethylmaleimide differentially modified protein and nonprotein thiol levels.

PMID- 3706722
TI  - Preparation of tyrosine-O-[35S]sulfated cholecystokinin octapeptide from a
      nonsulfated precursor peptide.
AB  - A rapid and simple one-pot method for O-sulfation of nonsulfated cholecystokinin
      octapeptide (CCK-8) was developed using sulfuric acid and
      dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) without protection of the amino acid side chains.
      The extent of sulfation was increased with increasing the amount of reactants,
      sulfuric acid, and DCC, and reached maximum (40%) with fourfold molar excess of
      sulfuric acid and 40-fold molar excess of DCC. The excess of nonsulfated peptide
      inhibited the sulfation. The sulfation product was purified by HPLC or TLC to
      give a pure sulfated substance which showed exactly the same behavior as that of
      an authentic O-sulfated CCK-8 on HPLC or TLC. The purified sulfated peptide was
      active in stimulating amylase secretion from rat pancreatic fragments, and amino
      acid analysis showed that the tyrosine residue in the peptide existed in O
      sulfated form. Sulfation with [35S]sulfuric acid-DCC produced a radioactive
      substance, from which O-[35S]sulfated CCK-8 could be easily purified by two
      dimensional TLC.

PMID- 3706723
TI  - Modified Bartlett assay for microscale lipid phosphorus analysis.
AB  - An improved microscale method for determining lipid phosphorus was developed.
      Without the prior removal of nonlipid contaminants from crude lipid extracts, the
      absolute amount of lipid phosphorus and distribution of phospholipids were
      directly determined by a two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography-internal
      standard system, using pyrophosphatidic acid as the internal standard.
      Application of this method to the assay of lipid phosphorus present in small
      amounts in brain tissues is discussed.

PMID- 3706724
TI  - Alkaline hydrolysis of N-ethylmaleimide allows a rapid assay of glutathione
      disulfide in biological samples.
AB  - The estimation of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) is based on the NADPH-dependent
      glutathione reductase reaction. A new method has been developed to eliminate the
      inactivating effect of N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), added to prevent glutathione
      oxidation, on glutathione reductase. This method takes advantage of instability
      of NEM in alkaline solutions. The product of NEM hydrolysis, N-ethylmaleamic
      acid, obtained under accurate pH-controlled conditions, is compatible with a good
      activity of glutathione reductase which allows total recovery and measurement of
      GSSG. The method, applied to estimation of GSSG content in human erythrocytes and
      rat liver, gives results in optimum agreement with values reported in literature.
      Because of its simple performance and rapidity, the procedure can be considered
      an improved method in removing NEM and is particularly advantageous when a large
      number of biological samples must be treated and estimated.

PMID- 3706725
TI  - Determination of metallothionein in tissues by radioimmunoassay and by cadmium
      saturation method.
AB  - The diversity of reported basal metallothionein (MT) values in animal tissues has
      made it necessary that the presently available methods be further developed and
      compared for their accuracy, reproducibility, sensitivity, and specificity. A
      radioimmunoassay (RIA) to quantitate MT in animal tissues was developed and its
      performance compared to that of a cadmium saturation method. The procedure is
      more accurate and reliable but no more time-consuming than other techniques in
      current use. It offers the advantages of greater specificity and sensitivity thus
      enabling the determination of basal levels of MT in tissues and the analysis of
      small samples, for example, biopsies, cultured cells, in vitro protein synthesis,
      etc. The use of a polyclonal antiserum is advantageous in that total MT can be
      determined in any tissue from a variety of animal species. Both nonspecific and
      specific interference in the assay can be eliminated by heat treatment of the
      sample followed by a short preincubation with cadmium. The sensitivity of the RIA
      is 10 ng MT/g tissue. The cadmium saturation assay is unsuitable for the
      measurement of low levels of MT due to its nonspecific nature and its detection
      limit (10 micrograms MT/g tissue) but it is useful where large amounts of the
      protein are present in a tissue. Difficulties arising in the analysis of MT by
      both methods are discussed and solutions are offered. The basal levels of MT in
      the brain, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, pancreas, small intestine, and spleen of
      rats are determined by RIA and are shown to be generally lower than the currently
      accepted values measured by other techniques.

PMID- 3706726
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of leghemoglobins from soybean
      root nodules.
AB  - A crude fraction of soybean nodule ferri-leghemoglobin was absorbed onto a
      commercial DEAE HPLC column at pH 8.0, and resolved into eight isoprotein
      fractions. The identity of the leghemoglobins were determined by their order of
      elution from the DEAE column and by isoelectric focusing, using isoprotein
      standards isolated by conventional procedures. The three isoproteins of the c
      complex, c1, c2, c3, were not resolved. Unexpected heme containing proteins
      eluted just after leghemoglobin a and the c complex. These components possessed
      proteins similar to leghemoglobin a and the c complex, respectively, as judged by
      isoelectric focusing and absorbance spectra of the ferri and ferrous forms. The
      components designated leghemoglobin a' and leghemoglobin c' were also
      differentiated from leghemoglobin a and c by reverse-phase HPLC in a C18 column.
      Amounts of protein for the DEAE HPLC column ranged from 10 micrograms to 20 mg
      and sample volumes ranged from 2 to 250 microliters. The time required for
      chromatography varied depending on the gradient used, but never exceeded 40 min
      for samples up to 5 mg protein or 120 min for samples containing 5 to 20 mg
      protein. Due to the sensitivity of detection at 403 nm and leghemoglobins being
      the predominant chromophore at that wavelength, it was possible to quantitate
      levels of individual leghemoglobins in samples extracted from single nodules (ca.
      15 to 65 mg fresh weight tissue). Quantitation was performed by interfacing the
      spectrophotometer output (10 mV) to a microcomputer and using commercially
      available software.

PMID- 3706727
TI  - A fluorometric assay of the degree of modification of protein primary amines with
      polyethylene glycol.
AB  - An alternative primary amine assay utilizing 4-phenylspiro[furan-2(3H),1'
      phthalan]-3,3'-dione (fluorescamine) is compared with the frequently applied
      trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid assay as a means of estimating protein primary amine
      modification with cyanuric chloride attachment of polyethylene glycol (PEG). The
      results of the two assays are compared for three different proteins and several
      advantages of the fluorescamine assay are emphasized. In particular, the
      fluorescamine assay was found to be unaffected by free PEG up to 0.08% in the
      assay mixture. The fluorescamine assay can be used to measure the partition
      coefficients of native or PEG-modified protein in two-phase aqueous polymer
      systems.

PMID- 3706728
TI  - An assay for inhibitors of nucleoside transport based upon the use of 5
      [125I]iodo-2'-deoxyuridine as permeant.
AB  - 5-[125I]Iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IdUrd) has been shown to serve as a permeant for
      the nucleoside transport system of human erythrocytes and to be matabolically
      inert in these cells. Linear initial velocities were obtained at 20 degrees C for
      125IdUrd transport, yielding a Km of 73 +/- 18 microM (n = 6). Low-affinity
      inhibitors of 125IdUrd transport, such as adenosine (Ki = 32 +/- 2 microM, n =
      2), could be characterized by Michaelis-Menten kinetics. However, high-affinity
      inhibitors, such as 6-[(4-nitrobenzyl)thio]-9-beta-D-ribofuranosylpurine, caused
      nonlinear initial velocities when added to the cells simultaneously with
      125IdUrd. Conditions were defined (viz., 20-min pretreatment of cells with test
      compound followed by 5.0-min incubation with 1.0 microM 125IdUrd, all at 20
      degrees C) whereby high-affinity inhibitors of IdUrd transport can be identified
      and evaluated according to their 50% inhibitory concentrations. The use of
      125IdUrd as permeant greatly expedites the testing of compounds as inhibitors of
      nucleoside transport by allowing the cell pellets generated in these assays to be
      monitored directly in a gamma spectrometer, thereby circumventing the
      solubilization and decolorization of cell pellets required by assays that use 3H-
      or 14C-labeled nucleoside permeants.

PMID- 3706729
TI  - Recovery of soluble proteins from glanded cotton tissues with amines.
AB  - A simple soluble protein extraction method was developed for glanded cotton
      (Gossypium hirsutum L.) tissues. Gossypol, a major component of glands, is known
      to crosslink and precipitate proteins in cotton tissue homogenates. Established
      phenolic removal reagents were evaluated as gossypol binding agents and found to
      be less than effective in enhancing cotton leaf-soluble protein recovery. Several
      other amines, including a number of affinity support bound amines, were tested
      and found relatively ineffectual when compared with urea as cotton protein
      protectants. Urea and (NH4)2SO4, the next most active agent found in the study,
      were compared on both whole-leaf homogenates and artificial mixtures containing
      known quantities of poly-L-lysine and a clathrate of gossypol and acetic acid.
      Urea treatment resulted in both an increased number of stained bands and more
      concentrated staining of bands than any other treatment on polyacrylamide gels.
      Selected enzymes demonstrated increased activities in urea homogenates compared
      with other treatments.

PMID- 3706730
TI  - Monitoring of environmental cancer initiators through hemoglobin adducts by a
      modified Edman degradation method.
AB  - Tissue doses of cancer initiators/mutagens are suitably monitored through
      hemoglobin adducts formed in vivo, but the use of this method has been hampered
      by a lack of sufficiently simple and fast procedures. It was previously observed
      that when the N-terminal amino acid in hemoglobin, valine, is alkylated it is
      cleaved off by the Edman sequencing reagent, phenyl isothiocyanate, in the
      neutral-alkaline coupling medium, as opposed to the acidic medium required by
      normal amino acids. Based on this principle, conditions for a functioning
      procedure for gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) determination of N
      terminal alkylvalines in hemoglobin were worked out. Derivatizing the protein in
      formamide solution with pentafluorophenyl isothiocyanate, using a 2H-alkylated
      protein as internal standard, and applying on-column injection during analysis,
      permit reproducible determination of hydroxyethylvaline and other adducts down
      into the dose range where cancer risks may be considered acceptably low.

PMID- 3706731
TI  - Enhanced instrumental sensitivity and selectivity for aminopeptidase profiling.
AB  - Laser-excited fluorimetry has been applied to the identification of bacteria and
      fungus. The instrumental sensitivity and selectivity of the aminopeptidase
      profiling method has been enhanced by the use of laser excitation in conjunction
      with improved spectral and temporal background rejection. The linear dynamic
      range for the aminopeptidase technique has been increased by achieving a reduced
      lower limit of detection of the fluorescent tag, beta-naphthylamine. Standard
      aminopeptidase methodology only provides a linear dynamic range of 1.5 orders of
      magnitude. The laser-based method expanded the range to three orders of magnitude
      allowing the inherent specificity of aminopeptidase enzymes within the pathogen
      to be observed. The enhanced linear dynamic range was observed in profiles of
      Agrobacterium tumefaciens rubi and Phytophthora megasperma var. sojae.

PMID- 3706732
TI  - Determination of low levels of 4-fluorophenylalanine incorporation into proteins.
AB  - This paper describes a rapid method for the determination of low levels of 4
      fluorophenylalanine biosynthetically incorporated into proteins. Precolumn
      derivatization with phenylisothiocyanate followed by reverse-phase high
      performance liquid chromatography enables determination of the amino acid
      composition of the protein as well as accurate detection of a 1-3% substitution
      of phenylalanine by fluorophenylalanine.

PMID- 3706733
TI  - Rapid fractionation of collagen chains and peptides by high-performance liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - A strategy was developed, using a Pharmacia Fast Protein Liquid chromatography
      (FPLC) system, for the rapid preparation of the alpha-chains, cyanogen bromide
      peptides and tryptic peptides of type I collagen obtained from tissues and
      cultured fibroblasts. Collagen alpha-chains were prepared using a C18 PEP-RPC
      reverse-phase column and volatile solvents. Preliminary Superose 6 gel permeation
      chromatography was used to separate the crosslinked beta- and gamma-chains from
      the alpha-chains of tissue collagen samples. A Mono S cation-exchange column was
      used to resolve all of the major type I collagen cyanogen bromide peptides
      including the alpha 1(I)CB7 and CB8 peptides, which have not been well resolved
      by previously published methods. Collagen tryptic peptides were chromatographed
      on the PEP-RPC reverse-phase column.

PMID- 3706735
TI  - A sensitive enzyme assay for biotin, avidin, and streptavidin.
AB  - Reciprocal enzyme assays are described for the vitamin biotin and for the biotin
      binding proteins avidin and streptavidin. The assays are based on the following
      steps: (a) biotinylated bovine serum albumin is adsorbed onto microtiter plates;
      (b) streptavidin (or avidin) is bound to the biotin-coated plates; (c)
      biotinylated enzyme (in this case alkaline phosphatase) is then interacted with
      the free biotin-binding sites on the immobilized protein. For biotin assay,
      competition between the free vitamin and the biotinylated enzyme is carried out
      between steps (b) and (c). The method takes advantage of the four biotin-binding
      sites which characterize both avidin and streptavidin. The method is extremely
      versatile and accurate over a concentration range exceeding three orders of
      magnitude. The lower limits of detection are approximately 2 pg/ml (0.2
      pg/sample) for biotin and less than 100 ng/ml (10 ng/sample) for either avidin or
      streptavidin.

PMID- 3706734
TI  - A sensitive assay of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity in rat and human tissues using
      radioimmunoassay of neopterin.
AB  - A highly sensitive and simple assay for the activity of GTP cyclohydrolase I (EC
      3.5.4.16) was established using a newly developed radioimmunoassay. D-erythro-7,8
      Dihydroneopterin triphosphate formed from GTP by GTP cyclohydrolase I was
      oxidized by iodine and dephosphorylated by alkaline phosphatase to D-erythro
      neopterin, and quantified by a radioimmunoassay for D-erythro-neopterin. This
      method was highly sensitive and required only 0.2 mg of rat liver tissues for the
      measurement of the activity. It was reproducible and can be applied for the
      simultaneous assay of many samples. The activity of GTP cyclohydrolase I was
      measured in several rat tissues. For example, the enzyme activity in rat striatum
      (n = 5) was 13.7 +/- 1.5 pmol/mg protein per hour (mean +/- SE), and agreed well
      with those obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence
      detection. The activity in the autopsy human brains (caudate nucleus) was
      measured by this new method for the first time. The activity in the caudate
      nucleus from parkinsonian patients (n = 6) was 0.82 +/- 0.56 pmol/mg protein per
      hour which was significantly lower than the control value, 4.22 +/- 0.43 pmol/mg
      protein per hour (n = 10).

PMID- 3706736
TI  - The occurrence of 4-methylthio-2-hydroxybutyrate in human urine.
AB  - A method for determination of 4-methylthio-2-hydroxybutyrate and 4-methylthio-2
      oxobutyrate in human urine has been devised, based on metoxime formation of the
      keto acid and a clean-up procedure using a strong anion-exchange resin AG 2 X 8
      and ethyl acetate extraction. After alkylation, the compounds were quantified by
      GC, using a flame photometric sulfur-selective detector. A normal urinary
      excretion of 0.14 to 0.25 mmol/mol creatinine and 0.07 to 0.22 mmol/mol
      creatinine of the alpha-hydroxy and alpha-keto acid, respectively, was found,
      whereas a markedly elevated excretion of the hydroxy acid was noted in subjects
      with hypermethioninemia. The enzymatic reduction of 4-methylthio-2-oxobutyric
      acid by lactate dehydrogenase: NAD+ oxidoreductase (EC 1.1.1.17) was also
      studied. The Km and Kequil values for 4-methylthio-2-oxobutyrate were 1.41 mM and
      0.92 X 10(8) M-1. The Vmax value of the enzyme at infinite concentrations of the
      two substrates was 7.2 mumol/s/mumol enzyme, which indicates low affinity and
      reduced catalytic activity compared to other known substrates of lactate
      dehydrogenase. The reaction product 4-methylthio-2-hydroxybutyrate was not
      inhibitory on the reaction. The M4 isoenzyme of lactate dehydrogenase (rabbit and
      pig muscle) possessed approximately 20% of the activity of the H4 isoenzyme (pig
      heart) for the substrate.

PMID- 3706738
TI  - Isolation of 2-hydroxycarboxylic acids with a boronate affinity gel.
AB  - Boric acid has been known to make a complex with 2-hydroxycarboxylic acids. Based
      on this principle, we have developed a new method for isolation of
      vanillylmandelic acid, p-hydroxymandelic acid, vanillyllactic acid, and p
      hydroxyphenyllactic acid in urine. The technique involves two steps: extraction
      of lipophilic compounds from urine with n-butanol and selective isolation of 2
      hydroxy acids in the n-butanol phase on a phenylboronate gel column. 2-Hydroxy
      acids were eluted from the column with 1.5 ml of 2% acetyl chloride in methanol
      with the recoveries of ca. 70%. According to analysis of urinary extract by gas
      chromatography--mass spectrometry, the mean excretion rates of the above four
      compounds in 12 healthy subjects were 3.68, 1.93, 0.091, and 1.08 mg/day,
      respectively.

PMID- 3706737
TI  - A fluorescence-based detergent binding assay for protein hydrophobicity.
AB  - Protein hydrophobicity is often detected by binding of protein to micelles of a
      mild detergent. A new fluorescence method for detection of this binding is
      presented. The method is based on a long-range quenching of tryptophan
      fluorescence by energy transfer to a pyrene-labeled phospholipid probe
      incorporated into micelles of Brij 96. The method is rapid, simple, and requires
      only a few micrograms of protein. Strongest quenching is obtained when both
      pyrene probe and brominated Brij 96, a short-range quencher, are combined. To
      define the best assay conditions the physical properties and quenching behavior
      of micelles with or without these probes have been compared. It is shown that
      both quenchers accurately measure binding of model compounds and protein toxins
      to micelles. Comparison of quenching by the different probes can be used to
      derive information on tryptophan location relative to the micelle core.

PMID- 3706739
TI  - Analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography of radioactively labeled
      carbohydrate components of proteoglycans.
AB  - Methods were developed for the separation of radioactively labeled carbohydrate
      components of proteoglycans by isocratic ion-moderated partition HPLC. Neutral
      sugars were separated after hydrolysis in trifluoroacetic acid with baseline
      separation between glucose, xylose, galactose, fucose, and mannose. N
      Acetylneuraminic acid, N-acetylated hexosamines, glucose, galactose, and xylitol
      were likewise well separated from each other under isocratic elution conditions.
      Glucuronic acid, iduronic acid, and their lactones were separated after
      hydrolysis in formic acid and sulfuric acid. Glucosamine, galactosamine,
      galactosaminitol, and glucosaminitol were separated by HPLC on a cation exchanger
      with neutral buffer after hydrolysis in hydrochloric acid. The separation
      techniques also proved useful in fractionation of exoglycosidase digests of O-
      and N-linked oligosaccharides. Separations of aldoses, hexosamines, and uronic
      acids were adapted to sensitive photometric detection.

PMID- 3706740
TI  - Identification of tyrosine O-sulfate in proteins by reverse-phase high
      performance liquid chromatography: use of base hydrolysis combined with precolumn
      derivatization using phenyl isothiocyanate.
AB  - A procedure has been developed for the analysis of tyrosine O-sulfate in
      proteins. Samples are subjected to base hydrolysis with Ba(OH)2, neutralized with
      sulfuric acid, and the majority of other amino acids removed by chromatography on
      Dowex AG 50 X 8. The average recovery of tyrosine O-sulfate from these procedures
      was 43%. Tyrosine O-sulfate was identified by reverse-phase HPLC as the
      phenylthiocarbamyl derivative following precolumn derivatization with phenyl
      isothiocyanate. The method has been applied to bovine fibrinogen giving a
      tyrosine O-sulfate content ranging from 0.59 to 1.23 mol/mol. These procedures
      were also shown to be suitable for the analysis of the incorporation of
      [35S]sulfate into tyrosine O-sulfate residues in proteins by intact cells.

PMID- 3706741
TI  - Electron, chemical, and thermal ionization mass spectra of alkali halides.

PMID- 3706742
TI  - High-resolution gas chromatographic/high-resolution mass spectrometric analysis
      of human adipose tissue for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.

PMID- 3706743
TI  - Automated apparatus for the extraction and enrichment of 2,3,7,8
      tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in human adipose tissue.

PMID- 3706744
TI  - Solid-supported reagents in the determination of cannabinoids in plasma.

PMID- 3706745
TI  - Simplified nonequilibrium theory of secondary relaxation effects in programmed
      field-flow fractionation.

PMID- 3706746
TI  - Pulsed photothermal refraction spectrometry using an elliptic gaussian excitation
      beam.

PMID- 3706747
TI  - Determination of copper and zinc in human head hair by inductively coupled plasma
      atomic emission spectrometry with a direct sample insertion device.

PMID- 3706748
TI  - Rank estimation of excitation-emission matrices using frequency analysis of
      eigenvectors.

PMID- 3706749
TI  - Identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites and DNA adducts in
      mixtures using fluorescence line narrowing spectrometry.

PMID- 3706750
TI  - Spectrophotometric determination of aspirin by transacetylation of 4-aminophenol.

PMID- 3706752
TI  - Chemical ionization mass spectrometry of carbamate pesticides: a major
      dissociation pathway.

PMID- 3706751
TI  - Spectrophotometric determination of iron in wines, foods, and minerals with 5,5
      dimethyl-1,2,3-cyclohexanetrione 1,2-dioxime 3-thiosemicarbazone.

PMID- 3706753
TI  - Prediction of retention for coupled column gradient elution high-performance
      liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3706754
TI  - Trace element determination using synchrotron radiation.

PMID- 3706755
TI  - Homogeneous enzyme-linked competitive binding assay for the rapid determination
      of folate in vitamin tablets.

PMID- 3706756
TI  - Consecutive laser-induced photodissociation as a probe of ion structure.

PMID- 3706757
TI  - Determination of hydroquinone in skin-toning creams using high-performance liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 3706758
TI  - Stability-indicating assay for oxyphenbutazone. Part II. High-performance liquid
      chromatographic determination of oxyphenbutazone and its degradation products.

PMID- 3706759
TI  - Prevention of artifactual formation of nitrosamines during the analysis of baby
      bottle rubber nipples.

PMID- 3706760
TI  - Determination of vitamin C by flow injection analysis.

PMID- 3706761
TI  - Determination of vitamin C in urine by flow injection analysis.

PMID- 3706762
TI  - Minimisation of bilirubin interference in the determination of fluorescein using
      first-derivative synchronous excitation fluorescence spectroscopy.

PMID- 3706763
TI  - Extraction and gas chromatographic determination of residual formaldehyde in
      micro-surgical materials.

PMID- 3706764
TI  - Selective spectrophotometric kinetic determination of cobalt with o
      hydroxyphenylthiourea.

PMID- 3706765
TI  - Titrimetric determination of catecholamines and related compounds via bromine
      oxidation and substitution.

PMID- 3706766
TI  - Scanning electron microscopic observations on developing opossum embryos: days 9
      through 12.
AB  - During the first 9 d of development in Didelphis, the 3 germ layers are
      established and the initial formation of their derivatives occurs. During this
      time the embryos float within uterine secretions, each separated from the uterine
      mucosa by a shell membrane. Organogenesis begins during the last 3 1/2 d of the
      12 1/2 d gestation period and corresponds to the time when the yolk sac placenta
      is associated with the uterine epithelium. During this period development
      proceeds at an explosive rate, culminating in a fetus-like creature capable of
      surviving in the pouch. Early in d 10, the forelimbs are present as limb buds.
      Late in the 10th d the embryo descends into and becomes enveloped by its own yolk
      sac. Mandibular and hyoid arches, and prominent digital ridges on the forefeet
      are characteristic external features. By d 11, the hindlimb is represented by a
      bud the eyes and external auditory meatus are established and an open mouth with
      protruding tongue is characteristic of this stage. Digits are present on the
      forefeet but lack claws. During the 12th d the oral shield develops, curved claws
      are prominent features of the forefeet and digital ridges are seen on the
      hindfeet. Prior to birth the periderm covers the eyes, ear pinnae and sides of
      the mouth.

PMID- 3706767
TI  - Chick embryonic development following exposure to caffeine and nicotine.
AB  - Because cigarette smoking is considered to be deleterious to the fetus and
      caffeine is held in suspect as a potential human teratogen, the combined effects
      of caffeine and nicotine on early chick embryos were investigated. Treatment of
      the embryos at 48 h incubation with both caffeine (1 mg) and nicotine (1 mg)
      resulted in a high incidence of embryonic death and developmental defects. At 72
      h incubation teratogenicity was potentiated following the same treatment.
      Embryonic growth was not affected. Embryotoxic interactions of this nature might
      account for congenital anomalies of doubtful etiology.

PMID- 3706768
TI  - [Quantitative studies of the collagen content of the human amnion and chorion].
AB  - The content of collagen in the amniotic and chorionic connective tissue was
      determined with the quantitative investigation method of hydroxyprolin.
      Significant differences do not exist between the amount of collagen in the
      amniotic and chorionic connective tissue. The difference in the tension stability
      must be based on the variegating pattern of the collagen fibrils.

PMID- 3706769
TI  - Analysis of transverse maxillary diameter. Using Mayoral's method, in Cuban and
      Namibian young people with normal occlusion.
AB  - The transverse maxillary diameter has been studied for several decades. Mayoral
      made a study to find the maxillary width by means of the intermolar and
      interbicuspid distances. We made a study of 540 14-, 15- and 16-year-old Europoid
      Cubans, Negroid Cubans, and Namibians. They were subdivided by sex and age,
      forming groups of 30 for each age, sex and ethnic group. The boys almost always
      had higher figures than the girls, and the Negroid groups always had higher
      figures than the Europoid Cubans. In almost no cases were significant differences
      found between the Negroid Cubans and the Namibians.

PMID- 3706770
TI  - The bronchial tree and blood vessels of the Japanese serow lung.
AB  - The right lung is constituted of the bilobed upper, middle, accessory and lower
      lobes. The left lung consists of the bilobed middle and lower lobes. The
      bronchial ramification and lobular divisions are similar to those of the goat
      lung.

PMID- 3706771
TI  - [Circadian rhythm studies of the effect of vibration on fetal development].

PMID- 3706773
TI  - Scanning microscopy of platypus teeth.
AB  - Anorganic unerupted developing teeth and air-dried erupted teeth of the platypus
      (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) were examined in a scanning electron microscope and in
      a tandem scanning reflected light microscope. Typically mammalian developing
      fronts of enamel and dentine were identified in the anorganic unerupted
      specimens. The developing teeth were particularly small and fragile and the
      enamel elusive and difficult to examine in the normal way for morphological
      detail. Prepared fractured surfaces of unerupted specimens revealed
      preferentially oriented crystallite groups in the enamel generally perpendicular
      to the developing front and a highly globular, mineralized pattern in the dentine
      with fine diameter, sparsely distributed dentinal tubules. Although optically
      homogeneous, the enamel of both developing and mature teeth displayed well
      defined incremental lines, radial clefts, crystallite domains of variable size
      and outline, and fine tubules when examined by high contrast, back-scattered
      electron imaging. The enamel is prismatic only in part; well-formed, regular
      prisms not being a primary feature of platypus enamel. This can be related to the
      variability inherent in the developing surface and the thinness of the enamel
      layer. No surface was found which could be confidently identified as cementum;
      those developing surfaces not covered by enamel displaying small calcospherites
      which elsewhere marked the outer aspect of the dentine.

PMID- 3706772
TI  - The central projections of primary afferent neurons of greater splanchnic and
      intercostal nerves in the rat. A horseradish peroxidase study.
AB  - The central projections of primary afferent fibers of the greater splanchnic
      nerve of the rat were investigated using the transganglionic horseradish
      peroxidase transport technique. In addition, the corresponding spinal ganglion
      cells and the preganglionic sympathetic neurons were demonstrated. For comparing
      visceral and somatic afferents, intercostal nerve afferents were labelled by the
      same technique. Splanchnic afferent dorsal root ganglion cells were found at
      segments T3 to T13 ipsilaterally, with the greatest density at T8 to T12.
      Labelled cells represented about 10%-15% of all neurons in the ganglia at maximal
      projection levels. They were randomly distributed within individual ganglia. The
      great majority were medium to small sized and round to slightly oval in shape. In
      the spinal cord, labelled visceral afferent axons were found maximally at T8 to
      T11, but could be detected in decreasing density up to T1 and down to L1. They
      were distributed over Lissauer's tract and the dorsal funiculus to a medial and
      lateral collateral pathway (MCP and LCP, respectively). The MCP, somewhat more
      prominent than the LCP, was destined primarily to clustered presumptive terminal
      fields in medial lamina I and outermost lamina IIa. Only a few axons continued
      further to laminae V and X. Splanchnic afferent axons, most likely derived from
      the MCP, formed a longitudinal bundle ventral to the central canal. The LCP
      consisted of more or less well-defined axon bundles emanating from the lateral
      Lissauer's tract and curving round the lateral edge of the dorsal horn and
      through the dorsolateral funiculus. Presumptive terminal sites of LCP axons are
      the lateral laminae I and IIa, the nucleus of the dorsolateral funiculus and the
      dorsal part of lamina V. A few LCP axons were seen in the vicinity of lateral
      dendrites of preganglionic sympathetic axons. Visceroafferent terminals were
      absent from laminae IIb-IV and VII. The possible consequences of the MCP/LCP
      duality for the central connections of splanchnic afferents are discussed. Some
      splanchnic afferents ascended to the gracile and cuneate nuclei, and rarely to
      the spinal trigeminal nucleus. These results fit into the general concept of
      visceroafferent terminal organization that has emerged during the last few years.
      Differences to other reports in the detailed arrangement of fibers and terminals
      are discussed. Somatoafferent cell bodies represented the vast majority of
      neurons in the respective spinal ganglia. Cell sizes encompassed the whole range
      from very small to very large without a clear predominance of one particular size
      class.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3706774
TI  - The structural composition of the pulmonary acinus in the mouse. A scanning
      electron microscopical and developmental-biological analysis.
AB  - For analysis of the structural composition of the pulmonary acinus in the mouse,
      fixed lungs of adult mice were examined by scanning and transmission electron
      microscopy. The murine acinus proved to consist of one or two generations of
      rather short respiratory bronchioles and about three generations of alveolar
      ducts opening into alveolar sacs. The epithelial cells lining the respiratory
      bronchioles (except for a sharply demarcated zone in the initial portion of the
      first-order branch) have a cuboidal or squamous shape and are very probably of
      the same type as those lining the alveolar ducts and sacs, i.e., small and great
      alveolar cells and/or their precursor cells. Therefore, this respiratory
      bronchiole portion may be considered part of the respiratory unit or pulmonary
      acinus. The initial zone of the first-order branch is lined by columnar
      epithelium, i.e., bronchial epithelium (mainly Clara cells), and should be
      assigned to the bronchial system of the lung.

PMID- 3706775
TI  - Naturally occurring and induced ganglion cell death. A retinal whole-mount
      autoradiographic study in Xenopus.
AB  - The retina in frogs grows continuously throughout the whole life of the animal by
      the addition of rings of cells at the ciliary margin. Naturally occurring neuron
      death cannot, consequently, be established by counting surviving neurons. A new
      approach, retinal whole-mount auto-radiography was introduced in this study to
      estimate cell loss occurring in the ganglion cell layer over a long period of
      time. 3H-thymidine injection at stage 53 (midlarval stage) labels a ring of
      cells, thereby marking the extent of retina formed up to the time of isotope
      administration. In the present study the number of neurons in the ganglion cell
      layer within the autoradiographically identified central retinal sector was
      estimated from midlarval stage to 6 months after metamorphosis in Xenopus laevis.
      The mean neuron number in the central retinal sector formed up to stage 53 was
      17,420 and this was reduced by 20% to 13,515 by 6 months after metamorphosis.
      Optic nerve section at the time of isotope injection and subsequent regeneration
      brought about a reduction of the number of surviving neurons in the part of the
      retina formed up to stage 53 to 7,720, or to about 57% of the normal neuron
      number in an equivalent retinal area of an intact eye of the same age. A further
      reduction to 20% of normal neuron population was observed in retinae where the
      optic nerve failed to regenerate. The surviving neurons are assumed to be
      amacrine cells. The bulk of natural neuron loss in the retinal centre occurs
      during premetamorphic stages while little further loss takes place in the next 6
      months suggesting that the underlying mechanism is a fine tuning of the
      developing retinal projections.

PMID- 3706776
TI  - The development of the trigeminal (V) motor nucleus in normal and tubocurare
      treated chick embryos.
AB  - The generation of cells and the naturally occurring neuronal death was studied in
      the trigeminal motor neuron pool in normal and tubocurare treated chick embryos
      between the 5th and 18th days of incubation. 3H-thymidine autoradiography
      revealed that the generation time extends from the 2nd to the 5th day of
      incubation, wherein about 50% of trigeminal motoneurons are born on the 3rd day.
      Maximum neuron number was found on the 7th day of incubation which steadily
      decreased to about 50% of the originally generated neurons by the 13th day.
      Nuclear pyknosis occurred from the 6th to the 13th day of incubation with a peak
      of neuron loss on the 7th day. Tubocurare, administered daily from the 5th day of
      incubation rescued most of the generated motoneurons which would otherwise have
      died. Cell nuclear area measurements in the motoneuron pool of the tubocurare
      treated animals showed a marked hypertrophy accompanying the increased neuronal
      survival. These observations indicate that tubocurare treatment prevents
      naturally occurring neuron death and causes significant nuclear hypertrophy
      within the trigeminal motoneuron pool innervating special, branchial arch derived
      muscles. Thus these neurons respond to tubocurare treatment in a manner similar
      to motoneurons of the spinal cord.

PMID- 3706777
TI  - The size of the zone of origin of callosal afferents projecting to the primary
      visual cortex contralateral to the remaining eye in rats monocularly enucleated
      at different postnatal ages.
AB  - The cortical zone from which callosal afferents projecting to the primary visual
      cortex (area Oc1) originate was studied in monocularly enucleated and normal
      rats. The extent of this cortical strip was determined by retrograde labeling
      with HRP and by measurement of its width in coronal sections. Albino rats were
      monocularly enucleated from the 23rd ontogenetic day to the 120th and
      iontophoretical injections into Oc1 contralateral to the remaining eye were done
      more than one year after enucleation. The width of the labeled strip of perikarya
      in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the remaining eye was largest in neonatally
      enucleated rats (about 1.1 mm) and declined with increasing age at which
      enucleation was performed. Additionally, the perikarya of callosal afferents in
      the hemisphere ipsilateral to the remaining eye in rats enucleated as young
      adults (90th and 120th ontogenetic day) were labeled in significantly wider
      strips (about 0.6 mm) than in unoperated control rats (about 0.4 mm).

PMID- 3706779
TI  - Morphology of norepinephrine-induced acute renal failure in the dog.
AB  - The 40-minute infusion of norepinephrine (NE) into the renal artery of dogs
      produces a reversible ischemic model of acute renal failure. While the physiology
      of this model has been extensively studied, no complete description of the
      pathology exists. This study uses light microscopy and transmission electron
      microscopy to describe and quantitate the structural and ultrastructural changes
      which occur in the kidneys of dogs 1, 3, and 24 hours after the intrarenal
      infusion of 0.75 mg/kg/minute of NE. One hour after a 40-minute NE infusion the
      majority of convoluted and straight proximal tubules showed apical blebs, loss of
      brush border, microvillar whorl formation, and mitochondrial condensation and
      high-amplitude swelling with flocculent densities. Necrotic cells were
      occasionally seen at 1 hour. The injury was progressive after 3 hours and by 24
      hours animals had either complete or partial patchy necrosis of all regions of
      the proximal tubule. The percentages of injured and necrotic proximal tubules in
      outer, mid-, and inner cortical regions are presented. We conclude that the
      extent and pattern of injury seen after NE infusion differs significantly from
      the renal artery clamping model of ischemia.

PMID- 3706778
TI  - Regeneration of the uterine epithelium in later stages of pseudopregnancy in the
      rabbit. An ultrastructural study.
AB  - Morphological changes of the uterine epithelium in later stages of
      pseudopregnancy in the rabbit have been studied using different morphological
      methods. The highly proliferated mucosa with numerous symplasms of a
      pseudopregnant animal returns to the morphology of a nonpregnant animal by
      apoptosis, moderate necrosis and lytic transformation of symplasms back to
      typical endometrial cells without desquamation of cells. The first signs of lytic
      transformation are observed on Day 8 of pseudopregnancy. Enhanced regeneration
      with apoptosis and lysis of the symplasmic nuclei is observed between Day 14 and
      Day 16. Full restoration of the epithelium with reappearance of ciliated cells,
      typical columnar and partly mucified epithelial cells is not completed earlier
      than Day 24 p. hCG. This epithelium, however, differs clearly from the epithelium
      of a virgin rabbit due to several residues of epithelial transformation. Thus,
      from a morphological point of view, pseudopregnancy in the rabbit lasts up to or
      even longer than Day 28 p. hCG with persisting ultrastructural remnants of the
      preceding cycle.

PMID- 3706780
TI  - Denervation-induced changes in cell proliferation in the rat molar after
      wounding.
AB  - The dental pulp has the capacity to initiate and maintain repair after trauma.
      The purpose of the present study was to quantitatively analyze the role of the
      peripheral nervous system in regulation of pulpal cell proliferation in response
      to wounding. Six groups of ten rats were used in these studies. There was one
      baseline group (wounded, but innervation intact) and five resection groups. The
      resection groups included rats with unilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy
      (SCG), unilateral inferior alveolar nerve resection (IAN), unilateral chorda
      tympani (CT) resection, IAN + SCG, or a complete unilateral nerve resection (IAN
      + SCG + CT). One millimeter of enamel and dentin was removed from the first
      mandibular molar on the experimental (resected) side. Therefore, each rat had an
      experimental and control molar. Rats were killed at various intervals from day 0
      to day 15 after wounding and received 0.5 muCi/g b.wt. 3H-thymidine 1 hour before
      death. For the baseline (innervation intact) data a peak in 3H-thymidine
      incorporation occurred at 5 days after wounding. In the resected groups, there
      was a general increase in the number of labeled cells at the zero time point, and
      a suppression of the 5-day peak with a delay in the proliferative response to
      wounding. The SCG + IAN-resected group maintained the lowest number of labeled
      cells throughout the entire experimental period compared to the experimental
      baseline data and the two controls. At the initial and termination points the SCG
      + IAN-resected groups demonstrated the highest number of labeled cells.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3706781
TI  - Functional anatomy of the major cardiac nerves in cats.
AB  - In recognition of the extensive use of the cat as an experimental model of
      cardiac innervation, the effects of electrical stimulation of stellate ganglia,
      thoracic vagosympathetic complexes, and individual feline cardiopulmonary nerves
      on heart rate, blood pressure, and contractility in all four cardiac chambers
      were analysed and correlated with the anatomy of the thoracic autonomic nervous
      system. The right and left stellate ganglia in cats are relatively large and
      globular. Distinct dorsal and ventral ansae subclavia arise from these ganglia,
      connecting with the relatively small, spindle-shaped middle cervical ganglia
      situated in the apices of the thoracic cage bilaterally. A cranial pole nerve
      arises from each of the middle cervical ganglia and courses cranially to unite
      with the ipsilateral superior cervical ganglia. On each side, the major
      cardiopulmonary nerves arise from the middle cervical ganglion, the relatively
      large vagosympathetic trunk, and the stellate ganglion. On the right side these
      nerves consist of a very small right stellate cardiac nerve, a recurrent cardiac
      nerve, a group of craniovagal nerves and a group of caudovagal cardiopulmonary
      nerves. On the left side are the left stellate cardiac, ventrolateral,
      ventromedial, and innominate cardiopulmonary nerves. All of these nerves contain
      efferent parasympathetic and/or sympathetic fibers which modify cardiac
      chronotropism and/or inotropism. Some contain afferent fibers. These results
      indicate that specific cardiopulmonary nerves exist in cats, which when
      stimulated, modify the cardiovascular system in specific fashions.

PMID- 3706782
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of the MHS-5 antigen in principal cells of human
      seminal vesicle epithelium.
AB  - The location of the antigen recognized by monoclonal antibody MHS-5 in the human
      reproductive tract was examined by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay
      (ELISA) and indirect immunohistochemistry employing the strepavidin-biotin
      complex method. Homogenates of male reproductive tract tissues and other human
      organs assayed by ELISA demonstrated immunoreactivity of the MHS-5 monoclonal
      antibody specifically with human seminal vesicle extracts. Varying ratios of
      seminal protein and monoclonal antibody ascites were tested to determine the
      amount of antigen necessary to completely absorb the antibody in the ELISA assay.
      This ratio was subsequently used to obtain the absorbed negative control for
      histochemical localization studies. By light microscope examination of seminal
      vesicle tissue in paraffin section, the MHS-5 antigen was localized in principal
      cells of the seminal vesicle epithelium. Epididymal sperm, obtained from patients
      at orchiectomy and vasovasostomy were found to lack the MHS-5 antigen. Following
      incubation with seminal protein or fluid obtained from the lumen of the human
      seminal vesicle, epididymal sperm reacted with the MHS-5 antibody on ELISA. These
      findings indicate that the MHS-5 antigen, a novel protein previously shown to be
      a unique marker for human semen, is a secretory product of the human seminal
      vesicle epithelium and may be reconstituted on the surface of epididymal
      spermatozoa.

PMID- 3706783
TI  - Localized vascular regression during limb morphogenesis in the chicken embryo. I.
      Spatial and temporal changes in the vascular pattern.
AB  - Morphogenesis of the vertebrate limb bud depends upon reciprocal interactions
      between epithelial and mesenchymal tissues. A characteristic limb vascular
      pattern is essential for normal limb outgrowth. The vascular pattern in the
      distal portion of the wing bud was examined by ink injection and compared to the
      sites of cartilage differentiation, as indicated by [35S]-incorporation. During
      development, avascular areas arose in three distinct locations within the
      vascularized mesoderm. These areas corresponded to the distal skeletal elements,
      referred to as digits 2, 3, and 4. Incorporation of radioactive sulfate was high
      in the avascular areas and low in the adjacent vascular tissue. Examination of
      autoradiographs of ink-injected limbs suggested that the appearance of avascular
      regions preceded the accumulation of sulfated cartilage matrix. These results
      indicate that remodeling of the limb vasculature is related to the formation of
      the skeletal pattern.

PMID- 3706784
TI  - Differentiation kinetics of osteoclasts in the periosteum of embryonic bones in
      vivo and in vitro.
AB  - Osteoclast progenitors are seeded via the blood stream in the mesenchyme
      surrounding embryonic long bone models long before the appearance of
      multinucleated osteoclasts. The proliferation and differentiation of these
      progenitors in embryonic mouse metatarsal bones was studied with acid phosphatase
      (AcP) histochemistry and 3H-thymidine autoradiography. In vivo, tartrate
      resistant, acid phosphatase-positive, mononuclear cells appear in the periosteum
      (AcPP-P cells) at the age of 17 days (after conception). On day 18, AcP-positive,
      multinucleated osteoclasts invade the bone rudiment and start resorbing the
      calcified cartilage matrix, resulting in the formation of the marrow cavity. The
      kinetics of osteoclast formation in vitro was studied in metatarsal bones of
      embryonic mice of different ages cultured in the continuous presence of 3H
      thymidine. In young bones (15 days), mainly proliferating, 3H-thymidine
      incorporating progenitors gave rise to AcPP-P cell and osteoclast formation. In
      older bones (16 and 17 days) osteoclasts were progressively more derived from
      postmitotic, unlabeled precursors. Irradiation of the metatarsal bones with a
      radiation dose of 5.0 Gy prior to culture resulted in a selective elimination of
      the proliferating progenitors, whereas the contribution of postmitotic precursors
      in AcPP-P cell and osteoclast formation remained unchanged. The results
      demonstrate that in the periosteum of embryonic metatarsal bones a shift occurs
      from a population composed of proliferating osteoclast progenitors (15 days) to a
      population composed of postmitotic precursors (17 days) before multinucleated
      osteoclasts are formed (18 days). Obviously, postmitotic AcP-negative precursors,
      already present in 16-day-old bones, differentiate into precursors characterized
      by tartrate-resistant AcP activity, the preosteoclasts (17 days), which in their
      turn fuse into osteoclasts.

PMID- 3706785
TI  - Changes in the extracellular matrix and glycosaminoglycan synthesis during the
      initiation of regeneration in adult newt forelimbs.
AB  - The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the distal tissues in a newt limb stump is
      completely reorganized in the 2-3-week period following amputation. In view of
      numerous in vitro studies showing that extracellular material influences cellular
      migration and proliferation, it is likely that the changes in the limb's ECM are
      important activities in the process leading to regeneration of such limbs. Using
      biochemical, autoradiographic, and histochemical techniques we studied temporal
      and spatial differences in the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) during the
      early, nerve-dependent phase of limb regeneration. Hyaluronic acid synthesis
      began with the onset of tissue dedifferentiation, became maximal within 1 weeks,
      and continued throughout the period of active cell proliferation. Chondroitin
      sulfate synthesis began somewhat later, increased steadily, and reached very high
      levels during chondrogenesis. During the first 10 days after amputation,
      distributions of sulfated and nonsulfated GAGs were both uniform throughout
      dedifferentiating tissues, except for a heavier localization near the bone. Since
      nerves are necessary to promote the regenerative process, we examined the neural
      influence on synthesis and accumulation of extracellular GAGs. Denervation
      decreased GAG production in all parts of the limb stump by approximately 50%.
      Newt dorsal root ganglia and brain-derived fibroblast growth factor each produced
      twofold stimulation of GAG synthesis in cultured 7-day regenerates. The latter
      effect was primarily on synthesis of hyaluronic acid. The results indicate that
      the trophic action of nerves on amphibian limb regeneration includes a positive
      influence on synthesis and extracellular accumulation of GAGs. Since the ECM
      exerts a major influence on cellular proliferation and migration, the effect of
      nerves on GAG metabolism may have considerable importance for growth and
      development of the early regenerate.

PMID- 3706786
TI  - Clinical and anatomical observations of a two-headed lamb.
AB  - The clinical and anatomical features of a live-born diprosopic lamb are
      described. There are no complete anatomical analyses of two-faced lambs in the
      literature despite the frequency of conjoined twinning in sheep. The lamb had two
      heads fused in the occipital region. Each head had two eyes. The pinnae of the
      medial ears were fused. Caudal to the neck the lamb appeared grossly normal. The
      lamb was unable to raise its heads or stand. Both heads showed synchronous
      sucking motions and cranial reflexes were present. Nystagmus, strabismus, and
      limb incoordination were present. The respiratory and heart rates were elevated.
      There was a grade IV murmur over the left heart base and a palpable thrill on the
      left side. Each head possessed a normal nasopharynx, oropharynx, and tongue.
      There was a singular laryngopharnyx and esophagus although the hyoid apparatus
      was partially duplicated. The cranial and cervical musculature reflected the head
      duplications. The aortic trunk emerged from the right ventricle just to the right
      of the conus arteriosus. A ventricular septal defect, patent foramen ovale, and
      ductus arteriosus were present along with malformed atrioventricular valves.
      Brainstem fusion began at the cranial medulla oblongata between cranial nerves IX
      and XII. The cerebella were separate but small. The ventromedial structures from
      each medulla oblongata were compressed into an extraneous midline remnant of
      tissue which extended caudally to the level of T2. The clinical signs therefore
      reflected the anatomical anomalies. A possible etiology for this diprosopus might
      be the presence early in development of an excessively large block of
      chordamesoderm. This would allow for the formation of two head folds and hence
      two "heads."

PMID- 3706788
TI  - Abstracts of papers: Southern Society of Anatomists, 25th annual meeting.

PMID- 3706787
TI  - Convergence of sensory processes from the heart and left ulnar nerve onto a
      single afferent perikaryon: a neuroanatomical study in the rat employing
      fluorescent tracers.
AB  - After injection of true blue (TB) into the pericardial sac and nuclear yellow
      (NY) into the left ulnar nerve of rats, most perikarya in the left eighth
      cervical and first thoracic dorsal root ganglia are single-labeled with either TB
      or NY. However, 7.1-14.7% of the sensory perikarya from the cardiac area labeled
      with TB are simultaneously labeled with NY. This finding indicates that some
      primary sensory perikarya receive processes from both the left arm and the heart.
      In addition to other mechanisms that may be operative in the referral of pain of
      cardiac origin to the medial left arm, these results suggest that sensory neurons
      with dichotomizing somatic and visceral peripheral processes may also contribute
      to this phenomenon.

PMID- 3706789
TI  - The structure of the atrioventricular conducting system in the avian heart.
AB  - The atrioventricular conduction system in three avian species has been studied by
      light and electron microscopy. A morphologically definable atrioventricular node
      was not found in any of these. The atrioventricular bundle is a well-defined
      structure, the proximal portion of which is in direct continuity with the
      atrioventricular ring, located in the arterial sheet of the muscular valve of the
      right atrioventricular opening. In the zone of transition between
      atrioventricular ring and bundle the compactness of the bundle is loosened, but
      the fibers do not establish continuity with the atrial fibers. The ring consists
      of Purkinje-like fibers, 10-15 microns in diameter, and (peripherally) small 3-5
      microns-diameter junctional fibers which are in continuity with the common atrial
      fibers. In the muscular atrioventricular valve the fibers of the ring are
      insulated from the ventricular myocardium by a connective tissue sheet of the
      annulus fibrosus. It is suggested that in the avian heart the atrioventricular
      ring may fulfill a role similar to that of the atrioventricular node of mammals.

PMID- 3706790
TI  - Effects of 30% intestinal resection on whole population cell kinetics of mouse
      intestinal epithelium.
AB  - The intestine remaining after resection undergoes a well known compensatory
      response. Crypts and villi grow in size, and the number of proliferating cells in
      a crypt increases. The crypt labeling index, however, is unchanged, which is
      thought to suggest that the growth fraction also remains unchanged and hence that
      the system is enlarged, but otherwise the new steady-state is similar to that of
      the controls. It is also generally accepted that no new crypts or villi are added
      to the adapting bowel. In this study we applied recently developed tools to study
      the response of the intestinal epithelium as a whole. Thus, the effects of 30%
      intestinal resection on whole population cell kinetics were determined by using
      flow cytometry, Coulter particle counting, and simple morphometric techniques. In
      addition to the classic response, we found an increase in the rate of crypt
      production, which was due mainly to a shorter crypt replication cycle. Thus, new
      crypts were produced at a faster rate in the resected animals than in the
      transected controls. This resulted in an expansion of the crypt cell population
      in the epithelium following resection. There was a corresponding expansion of the
      cycling cell population and thus an increase in the growth fraction of the
      resected epithelium. We conclude that for the crypt population, the classic story
      is correct with the exception that new crypts are added to the epithelium after
      resection. However, for the epithelium as a whole, the classic story is
      misleading as there appears to be an increase in the growth fraction of the
      epithelium after intestinal resection.

PMID- 3706791
TI  - A morphometric comparison of the nasopharyngeal airway of laboratory animals and
      humans.
AB  - Solid silicone rubber casts of the nasopharyngeal and laryngeal regions of a
      human cadaver (child, 3 years old) and a laboratory primate (baboon, 10 years
      old) were made, and cross-sectional areas were measured in detail. Cross
      sectional areas of other species reported in the published literature were used
      for comparison. In the child's nose cast, the frontal nasal duct (frontonasal
      duct), which enters the anterior part of the middle meatus, and the sphenoidal
      recess were almost absent. The ethmoidal turbinates (superior and middle concha)
      and the maxillary turbinates (inferior concha) were present but were not fully
      developed. In the baboon nose, the different turbinates were well defined and
      smooth but of a less complex nature than the child's nose. Of the species
      compared, the baboon's upper airways had the greatest similarity to the human
      child's. The present study shows that for the species investigated and for those
      from the literature, the cross-sectional area increases from the external nares
      to the maxilloturbinate region (inferior concha). There is a relatively sudden
      drop in cross-sectional area about halfway through the nose. The present study
      suggests a functional relationship between nasal structure and cross-sectional
      area across species.

PMID- 3706792
TI  - Telencephalic microvessels of premature beagle pups.
AB  - The ultrastructural morphologic and morphometric characteristics of the
      telencephalic microvasculature of both germinal matrix and border-zone cerebral
      cortex are analyzed from premature beagle puppies delivered by caesarean section
      in order to determine whether differences in the matrical vessels could account
      for their susceptibility to intraventricular hemorrhage. The germinal matrix
      microvessels are immature, since they contain intraluminal microvilli and
      junctional complexes (primarily tight junctions) that are not continuous between
      the lateral endothelial cell walls. The number of junctional complexes per vessel
      cross-section is less than either cortical vessels from the same premature
      animals or tissue from either site in full-term animals. Morphometric data on the
      cross-sectional area of vessels from the two sites indicate that the germinal
      matrix vessels have a significantly larger cross-sectional area than the cortical
      vessels. The increase is due almost exclusively to a larger endothelial cell area
      per cross section. This pattern is an altogether different one from that seen in
      the term animals. There the germinal matrix vessels exhibit a steadily decreasing
      luminal area from birth through 72 hr, whereas endothelial cell cross-sectional
      area is static. Here the luminal cross-sectional area is smaller, but both
      endothelial cell and total vessel cross-sectional areas are significantly larger.
      Structural components of the blood-brain barrier undergo active modifications
      during the late prenatal period that are distinct from the modifications during
      the immediate postnatal period.

PMID- 3706793
TI  - A hypothesis on the allantoic origin of the distal midgut.
AB  - No satisfactory explanation for the absence of the ileocecal portion of the
      digestive system in the newborns with cloacal exstrophy has been offered
      previously. This is a report of such a case in which the lymphocytes and plasma
      cells were used as tissue markers to identify the origin of the lymphatic-rich
      ileocecal portion of the digestive tract. The absence of these cells, in this
      case demonstrated immunohistochemically, is suggestive of a dual origin of the
      midgut. Normal embryogenesis of the digestive system is reviewed and the
      possibility of participation of the allantois, in addition to the yolk sac, in
      the embryogenesis of the ileocecal segment of the gastrointestinal tract is
      discussed.

PMID- 3706794
TI  - Fiber composition of the rat sciatic nerve.
AB  - The rat sciatic nerve originates from the spinal segments L4-L6. It is
      unifascicular at the trochanter; 5-7 mm distally, the nerve splits into two and
      then into four fascicles. The tibial portion gives rise to the tibial and the
      sural nerves, and the peroneal portion gives rise to the peroneal nerve and a
      cutaneous branch that perforates the lateral hamstring muscles to innervate the
      proximolateral face of the calf. The number and type of the axons in these
      branches were determined in light and electron micrographs of normal nerves, and
      after de-efferentation or sympathectomy. Deafferentation was technically not
      feasible because spinal ganglia and ventral roots were supplied by the same
      vascular plexus. The tibial nerve contained 1,000 motor and 3,500 myelinated
      afferent axons, 3,700 sympathetic axons, and 5,400 unmyelinated afferent axons.
      The peroneal nerve contained 600 motor and 1,300 myelinated afferent axons, 1,100
      sympathetic axons and 3,000 unmyelinated afferent axons. The sural nerve
      contained 1,100 myelinated and 2,800 unmyelinated afferent axons; in addition,
      there were 1,500 unmyelinated sympathetic axons. The cutaneous branch consisted
      of 400 myelinated and 1,800 unmyelinated afferent axons. Thus, the entire sciatic
      nerve at midthigh is composed of about 27,000 axons; 6% are myelinated motor
      axons, 23% and 48% are myelinated and unmyelinated sensory axons, respectively,
      and 23% are unmyelinated sympathetic axons. The techniques used did not
      demonstrate sympathetic axons in the cutaneous branch and did not reveal the few
      motor axons contained in the sural nerve.

PMID- 3706795
TI  - Unusual variation of the arterial pattern of the human upper limb.
AB  - The anomalous brachial artery, after giving off a profunda brachii artery with no
      collaterals, divides in its upper one-third into two equal-sized arteries,
      brachial arteries #1 and 2. These arteries lie next to each other in the normal
      path of the brachial artery. Brachial artery #1 is possibly a high-origin and
      persisting radial artery. It gives no collaterals in the arm. At the cubital
      fossa, it becomes subcutaneous and divides into two equal-sized radial and ulnar
      arteries. These arteries run completely superficial to flexor muscles of the
      forearm and are terminated by branches running above the thenar and hypothenar
      eminences, respectively. Brachial artery #2 is possibly a high-origin artery of
      the common interosseous. The course of this artery resembles the course of the
      brachial axial artery of the embryo. It supplies the anterior compartment of
      brachial muscles and continues as the common interosseous artery. This common
      interosseous artery in turn branches into the superior and inferior ulnar
      collaterals, and the anterior and posterior interossei. It does not regress, but
      has a major role in forming the deep palmar arterial arch in the hand. The
      clinical implications of such an anomaly are discussed.

PMID- 3706796
TI  - Integration of clinical problems in teaching gross anatomy: living anatomy, X-ray
      anatomy, patient presentations, and films depicting clinical problems.
AB  - In addition to lectures and the dissection course, four supplements are described
      to stimulate first-year medical students to learn gross anatomy. All topics are
      coordinated with the dissection course. The additional options are living
      anatomy, X-ray anatomy by a roentgenologist, presentation of patients by
      clinicians, and films on clinical problems. This integrated curriculum of basic
      and applied anatomy generates a high level of student interest in gross anatomy.

PMID- 3706797
TI  - Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular effects of isoflurane-induced hypotension in
      the baboon.
AB  - Mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased by 10, 20, 40, and 50% of its baseline
      value in six anesthetized baboons with the administration of increasing
      concentrations of isoflurane. Mean arterial pressure, right atrial pressure,
      pulmonary artery pressures, and cardiac output were measured at each decrement in
      arterial pressure, and after the withdrawal of the isoflurane. At the same times,
      cerebral blood flow, the cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen, and the cerebral
      metabolic rate for glucose were determined. Cerebrovascular reactivity was
      assessed before, during, and after the administration of isoflurane, and
      morphologic evidence of ischemic cell change was sought at the end of the
      investigation. Isoflurane produced dose-related decreases in systemic vascular
      resistance and MAP; heart rate, cardiac output, and stroke volume did not change
      significantly. Although cerebral metabolism was depressed in a dose-related
      manner, the response of the cerebral blood flow (CBF) was biphasic. At low
      isoflurane concentrations, CBF decreased significantly and then increased to
      reach baseline values at the highest concentration. Cerebrovascular reactivity
      was intact at baseline and at the 20% decrement in MAP; it was impaired at the
      50% decrease in MAP and when studied 100 min after the withdrawal of isoflurane.
      There was no morphologic evidence of ischemic cell damage in any animal.

PMID- 3706798
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of inhaled anesthetics in humans: measurements during and after
      the simultaneous administration of enflurane, halothane, isoflurane,
      methoxyflurane, and nitrous oxide.
AB  - To determine the relative washin and washout characteristics of isoflurane,
      enflurane, halothane, and methoxyflurane, we administered all four anesthetics
      simultaneously (total = 1.1 MAC) to nine healthy patients for 2 hr.
      Concentrations of anesthetics in end-tidal gases were measured during washin and
      for 5-9 days during washout. Multiexponential (multicompartment) models were fit
      to the washin and washout curves using least-squares analysis. Slowly
      equilibrating compartments could only be identified during washout. For 27 of the
      36 data sets, five-compartment models fit the washout curves significantly better
      than four-compartment models. The time constant for our first compartment is
      consistent with that predicted for washout of the lungs. Time constants for the
      second, third, and fifth compartments were consistent with current data for blood
      flows and solubilities of vessel-rich, muscle, and fat tissue groups,
      respectively. The fourth compartment has a time constant that lies between the
      time constants predicted for muscle and fat.

PMID- 3706799
TI  - Distribution in cerebrospinal fluid, blood, and lymph of epidurally injected
      morphine and inulin in dogs.
AB  - We describe procedures for catheterizing the epidural space, the azygos vein, and
      the thoracic lymph duct of dogs without using fluoroscopy. The success rates of
      the procedures were 100, 80, and 50%, respectively (n = 10). To assess the
      validity of the model, 3H-morphine and unlabeled morphine (2 mg) were injected
      epidurally in ten dogs. Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), azygos venous blood,
      arterial blood, and lymph were sampled before and 5, 20, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300
      and 360 min after injection. During the first 20 min, morphine levels in the
      azygos vein were about three and ten times greater than arterial and lymphatic
      levels, respectively (n = 3; P less than 0.01). Morphine levels were
      significantly greater in the azygos vein (n = 8) and the femoral artery (n = 10)
      during the first 20 and 60 min than they were later, respectively (P less than
      0.05). In the lymph (n = 5), the levels of morphine at 60 min were statistically
      greater (P less than 0.05) than levels at 4, 5, and 6 hr. At no time were the
      concurrent arterial and lymph levels different from each other. In the lumbar
      CSF, the morphine peak concentration was reached 5-60 min after epidural
      injection and ranged between 5 and 93 micrograms/ml. In the CSF, the levels of
      morphine were significantly greater during the first 20 min than later (n = 7; P
      less than 0.05). The washout of the lumbar CSF curve for morphine appeared to be
      fitted by a two-compartment open model. The t1/2-alpha and t1/2-beta values were
      14.7 +/- 7.2 min and 106 +/- 45 min, respectively (mean +/- SD). Cumulative
      percentages of the epidural dose of morphine passed into the azygos system within
      the first 5, 20, 60, and 120 min after injection were calculated to be 4.0 +/-
      2.1, 23.5 +/- 14.6, 49.2 +/- 34.2, and 55.9 +/- 35.3, respectively (mean +/- SD;
      n = 8). Both 14C-inulin and 3H-morphine were injected epidurally in one dog and
      intrathecally in another dog. In the CSF, morphine appears to be cleared at a
      rate similar to that of inulin. The fraction of morphine and inulin crossing the
      dura after epidural injection was calculated to be 0.31% and 0.59%, respectively.

PMID- 3706800
TI  - Bupivacaine for intercostal nerve blocks in children: blood concentrations and
      pharmacokinetics.
AB  - A pharmacokinetic evaluation of bupivacaine was carried out after intercostal
      nerve blocks performed on 28 occasions in 27 children varying in age from 3
      months to 16 yr. Bupivacaine HCl, 0.5%, with epinephrine 1:200,000 was employed.
      Doses of 2 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, and 4 mg/kg resulted in peak whole blood arterial
      bupivacaine (base) concentrations (mean +/- SD) of 0.77 +/- 0.25 microgram/ml,
      1.37 +/- 0.23 microgram/ml, and 1.87 +/- 0.53 microgram/ml, respectively.
      Calculated pharmacokinetic parameters (mean +/- SD) were the following: apparent
      volume of distribution (VD beta), 2.8 +/- 0.8 L/kg; steady-state volume of
      distribution (VDss), 2.7 +/- 0.7 L/kg; elimination half-life (t1/2 beta), 147 +/-
      80 min; and total body clearance (Cl), 16.0 +/- 7.4 ml X min-1 X kg-1, or 382 +/-
      201 ml X min-1 X m-2. Compared with data reported for adult patients, our data
      indicate that the volume of distribution is greater and clearance is more rapid
      in children than in adults. The absorption of local anesthetic from the
      intercostal space appears to be more rapid in children than adults. In an
      additional group of 11 children, the relationship of the bupivacaine blood:plasma
      concentration ratio (lambda) to hematocrit was investigated. Hematocrit in this
      group ranged from 30 to 59, and lambda varied from 0.47 to 0.82. There was a
      significant relationship between lambda and hematocrit defined by the equation
      lambda = -0.0079 Hct + 1.028 (r = 0.72, P less than 0.05). Reporting bupivacaine
      concentration in terms of plasma concentration may introduce an artifact that is
      dependent on the hematocrit, and we therefore suggest that whole blood
      concentration values be reported by investigators in the future.

PMID- 3706801
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of isoflurane in the newborn piglet: comparison with
      halothane.
AB  - To better understand the mechanism of hypotension and bradycardia that may occur
      in newborn infants during isoflurane anesthesia, we studied the hemodynamic
      changes in the major determinants of cardiac output in 15 newborn piglets given
      0.5, 1.0, and 1.3 minimal alveolar concentrations (MAC) of isoflurane and in nine
      sham-instrumented, age-matched control animals. Cardiac output did not differ
      from the baseline reading or the control group at any isoflurane dose. Mean
      aortic pressure (MAP) decreased 23-45% in a dose-related manner. Total peripheral
      resistance index (TPRI) decreased 29% at 0.5 MAC, but did not decline further at
      higher concentrations. Because the decrease in MAP was offset by a similar
      reduction in TPRI, cardiac output did not change. Heart rate decreased
      significantly at 1.3 MAC (-19%). Contractility was depressed at all
      concentrations: left ventricular dP/dT decreased progressively at 0.5 and 1.0
      MAC, and echocardiographic shortening fraction decreased significantly at 1.0
      MAC. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was not affected. Eight of twelve
      animals who had bradycardia while breathing isoflurane were atrially paced at
      their baseline heart rate. Because pacing did not restore MAP, TPRI, and LV
      dP/dT/DP40 (a contractile index independent of preload and afterload) to control
      values, bradycardia was not primarily responsible for depression of these
      variables. At equipotent concentrations, isoflurane reduced MAP and TPRI more
      than, and cardiac output less than, halothane did in previous studies in this
      laboratory. Heart rate and dP/dT were decreased to a similar extent by both
      agents. Blood, heart, and brainstem isoflurane LD:MAC ratios were 2.04, 2.00, and
      2.84, respectively, indicating a relatively low margin of safety for isoflurane
      in young piglets.

PMID- 3706802
TI  - Behavioral effects of chronic exposure to low concentrations of halothane during
      development in rats.
AB  - Long-term behavioral effects of chronic exposure to low concentrations of
      halothane were evaluated in rats exposed to low (12.5 ppm) concentrations from
      day 2 of conception until either 30 (halothane-30) or 60 (halothane-60) days
      after birth. Rats similarly treated but not exposed to halothane served as
      controls. When these rats were tested for radial arm maze exploration as adults
      (1 yr old) both exposure groups showed significant deficits compared with
      controls. The halothane-treated rats entered significantly fewer arms before
      reentering an arm (entries-to-repeat). At 55 days of age, in the spontaneous
      alternation test, response speed was significantly slower than controls in both
      halothane-30 and halothane-60 rats. This effect was not seen in rats more than 55
      days old. Replicating previous results, the halothane-60 rats showed deficits in
      learning a light-dark discrimination. This deficit was not seen with halothane-30
      rats, indicating that continued halothane exposure during the 30- through 60-day
      period was necessary for inducing a noticeable long-term learning deficit. The
      results show that chronic exposure of rats to low concentrations of halothane
      during development results in subsequent behavioral alteration, and that
      termination of halothane exposure at 30 days of age rather than at 60 days of age
      avoids some of the signs of behavioral impairment.

PMID- 3706803
TI  - Endotracheal tube leak pressure and tracheal lumen size in swine.
AB  - Endotracheal tube "leak" is often estimated in children to judge the fit of
      uncuffed endotracheal tubes within the trachea. Twenty-five swine were intubated
      with uncuffed tracheal tubes to determine whether a more sensitive measurement of
      leaks could be devised and whether leak pressure estimates fit between tracheal
      tube and trachea. We compared leak pressure measurement using a stethoscope and
      aneroid manometer with a technique using a microphone, pressure transducer, and
      recorder, and found no differences between the two methods. The tracheas were
      then removed and slides prepared of tracheal cross-sectional specimens.
      Regression analysis revealed a linear relationship between tracheal lumen size
      and tracheal tube size for both low leak pressure (y = -0.4 + 0.79x, r = 0.88, P
      less than 0.05) and high leak pressure (y = -2.9 + 0.71x, r = 0.92, P less than
      0.05) groups. We conclude that leak testing with a stethoscope and aneroid
      manometer is sensitive and accurate, and that tracheal tube leak pressure
      accurately portrays fit between tube and trachea.

PMID- 3706804
TI  - The partial pressure of isoflurane or halothane does not affect their solubility
      in blood: inhaled anesthetics obey Henry's law.

PMID- 3706805
TI  - Induced hypotension for clipping of a cerebral aneurysm during pregnancy: a case
      report and brief review.

PMID- 3706806
TI  - Controlled hypotension for orthognathic surgery.

PMID- 3706807
TI  - Local and spinal anesthesia for cesarean section in a patient with myotonic
      dystrophy.

PMID- 3706809
TI  - Delivery temperature of heated and cooled intravenous solutions.

PMID- 3706808
TI  - Chloral hydrate: a potential cause of arrhythmias.

PMID- 3706810
TI  - Use of nicardipine in the anesthetic management of pheochromocytoma.

PMID- 3706811
TI  - [Topical treatment of ulcers of venous origin with semi-synthetic hydrocolloid
      occlusive bandages].

PMID- 3706812
TI  - [Treatment of deep venous thrombosis].

PMID- 3706813
TI  - [Femoral aneurysms].

PMID- 3706814
TI  - [Collateral circulation in occlusion of the hypogastric area].

PMID- 3706815
TI  - [Non-atheromatous obliteration of the popliteal artery. Apropos of an original
      case].

PMID- 3706816
TI  - [Fistula between the internal maxillary artery and the cavernous sinus.
      Multidisciplinary diagnostic and therapeutic introduction].

PMID- 3706818
TI  - Agenesis of the left pulmonary artery as a cause of hemoptysis.
AB  - Agenesis of a pulmonary artery is an unusual cause of hemoptysis. Presented here
      is a case of agenesis of the left pulmonary artery which presented following a
      subendocardial infarction which raised the suspicion for pulmonary embolus.
      Despite a ventilation perfusion long scan which showed absent perfusion to the
      left lung, the clinical absence of tachypnea and dyspnea led to pulmonary
      angiography and thence to the correct diagnosis. Anticoagulant and/or
      thrombolytic therapy were withheld and the patient was treated conservatively.
      Agenesis of a pulmonary artery is a rare cause of hemoptysis, but may mimic
      pulmonary emboli and should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Failure
      to recognize this clinical entity could lead to unwanted and potentially harmful
      anticoagulant or thrombolytic therapy.

PMID- 3706817
TI  - The effect of beta-blockade on leg blood flow in hypertensive patients with
      intermittent claudication.
AB  - The present study was designed to assess the short-term effects of beta-blocking
      antihypertensive treatment on leg blood flow in patients with peripheral artery
      disease. Seven patients with intermittent claudication were randomly allocated to
      treatment with atenolol 100 mg or pindolol 10 mg. Patients switched therapy after
      one month of treatment. Venous occlusion plethysmography on the calves was used
      to assess the effects on leg blood flow after one and two months of treatment.
      The average 10% reduction of the systolic and diastolic blood pressures was not
      associated with any reduction of blood flow at rest. There was on average 3.4 ml
      reduction of peak flow which had no influence on the painfree or total walking
      distance.

PMID- 3706819
TI  - Acute hemodynamic effects of nifedipine during supine exercise in patients with
      prior myocardial infarction.
AB  - Twelve male patients age 36-66, 8 on clinical doses of beta blocker, with old
      transmural myocardial infarction underwent rest and matched workload exercise
      before and 30 min after 20 mg sublingual nifedipine during cardiac
      catheterization. For the group, resting heart rate, aortic pressure, pulmonary
      wedge pressure, systemic vascular resistance, cardiac index, and left ventricular
      ejection fraction were normal. Exercise duration was 12.5 +/- 1.5 min. Comparing
      exercise before and after nifedipine, heart rate, cardiac index, and mean
      velocity circumferential fiber shortening increased, while mean aortic pressure,
      systemic vascular resistance, pulmonary wedge pressure, right atrial pressure,
      left ventricular end-diastolic volume and left ventricular end-systolic volume
      decreased with no significant change in double product, pulmonary arteriolar
      resistance and left ventricular ejection fraction. Therefore, for the range of
      left ventricular dysfunction in this study group and with 8 patients concurrently
      on beta blocker, nifedipine 20 mg s.l. produced significant improvement in
      hemodynamics at rest and exercise.

PMID- 3706820
TI  - Digital blood pressure and flow measurements in patients with primary Raynaud's
      phenomenon.
AB  - The value of digital systolic blood pressure (DBP) and flow (DBF) measurements
      for a quantitative diagnosis of Primary Raynaud's Phenomenon (PRP) was evaluated
      by comparing the results obtained in 10 patients and 20 normals. Digital skin
      temperature (DST), DBP and brachial systolic blood pressure (BBP) and DBF were
      measured at room temperature, at maximal vasodilatation and during cold
      provocation. At room temperature DST discriminates between normals and patients
      with an accuracy of 77%. On maximum vasodilatation no significant differences can
      be found in DBP and DBF between normals and patients. However, DBF was
      significantly different between male and females both in normals and in patients.
      During gradual cooling a decrease in DBF (a closing phenomenon) was observed both
      in normals and patients. In contrast DBP did not show a substantial pressure
      drop. Calculating digit to brachial systolic pressure indexes (DBI) a slight
      significant increase can be found during cold provocation both in normals and in
      patients. Only the DBI of digit IV during cold provocation showed a significant
      difference between normals and patients which resulted in an accuracy of 83%.

PMID- 3706821
TI  - Improvement of subcutaneous nutritional blood flow in the forefoot by
      hydroxyethylrutosides in patients with arterial insufficiency: case studies.
AB  - Four patients with bilateral arterial insufficiency were treated with i.v.
      hydroxyethylrutoside for three days (1.5 grs twice a day). All patients
      experienced relief of symptoms. By continuous registration of subcutaneous
      nutritional blood flow in the forefoot (by 133Xenon clearance technique) a
      significant increase in nutritional blood flow of 33% on the average during the
      second and third hour after medication could be demonstrated. The drug seems to
      be of use in treating subacute occlusions and thrombosis of arteries in the lower
      extremity.

PMID- 3706822
TI  - Paraneoplastic digital thrombosis: a case report.
AB  - Persistent digital ischemia is an uncommon paraneoplastic syndrome. We describe a
      71-year-old man whose only manifestation of an underlying adenocarcinoma was
      digital ischemia. His symptoms responded dramatically to bilateral dorsal
      sympathectomies. A thorough search for the mechanism producing the ischemia
      failed to provide an explanation. We assume that unknown neurohumoral factors
      produced by the tumor were responsible.

PMID- 3706823
TI  - Cardiorespiratory and metabolic effects of buflomedil: case reports.
AB  - An extensive study has been performed of the cardiovascular, respiratory and
      metabolic effects of buflomedil. The results indicate that the drug, at the
      administered dose, does not alter the patient physiological stability. An
      improved perfusion regimen in peripheral tissues and an optimization of cardiac
      energetics are also directly or indirectly implied in the results.

PMID- 3706824
TI  - Tobacco smoke sensitivity: a result of allergy?
AB  - In summary, we know that IgE antibodies against crude tobacco leaf are present in
      smokers, nonsmokers, and ex-smokers and that atopic individuals are far more
      likely to show such responses than nonatopic individuals. It has also been
      established that IgE antibodies can be detected against at least three specific
      tobacco leaf allergens, namely CIE antigens 19, 23, and 30, but these IgE
      antibodies do not correlate with any type of clinical smoke sensitivity. To date,
      there is no concrete evidence for the presence of IgE antibodies in man against
      smoke extract. Finally, there is at least preliminary evidence that smoke
      challenge under controlled conditions in an environmental chamber does not induce
      significant decreases in FEV1 or peak flow in smoke-sensitive subjects, even
      though they complain of symptoms. In essence, we know that tobacco leaf is
      immunogenic in rabbits, but it is not known if any tobacco incineration products
      per se are immunogenic in man. One can visualize many possible future extensions
      of this study. We should, for example, learn more about other immunoglobulin
      class-specific antibody responses in man to tobacco leaf antigens, and we should
      make an effort to identify those antigens that are collected in extract and
      condensate from unlit cigarettes. We should also undertake larger studies
      involving further inhalation challenge tests in patients, and employing more
      sensitive tests of airways obstruction. The problem of shared antigens between
      tobacco and many other members of the Solanaceae family and the possible clinical
      relevance of antibody responses to foods as they relate to inhalant allergens
      should also be studied. The increased interest in tobacco smoke and its
      relationship to putative immunologically mediated tobacco smoke hypersensitivity
      has necessitated further studies of clinical smoke sensitivity. To date, the role
      of hypersensitivity responses in tobacco smoke sensitivity is as yet undefined.
      In spite of the considerable number of previous studies and their supporting
      evidence of an allergic response to tobacco smoke, the obvious pitfalls of these
      studies (undefined study populations, inappropriate antigens, and inadequate
      documentation of smoke sensitivity) undermine any significant conclusions. In
      view of the lack of information relating to tobacco smoke hypersensitivity in
      man, it is difficult to recommend specific diagnostic or therapeutic strategies.
      Clearly, skin test and RAST studies have proved invaluable in studies of many IgE
      mediated allergic disease syndromes related to certain environmental
      allergens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3706825
TI  - A multicenter trial of immunotherapy with alginate--conjugated grass pollen
      extract.
AB  - Conjuvac, a new generation of allergen extracts, has been developed to meet the
      need for improved characterization, purification, and standardization. Conjuvac
      consists of a dialyzed, standardized aqueous allergen extract chemically
      conjugated to a sodium alginate carrier and lyophilized in single-dose vials,
      thus ensuring stability until reconstituted with sterile water just before each
      injection. A preliminary study of Conjuvac 2 Grass by Pegelow (1984) involving a
      small number of patients showed this extract to have potential advantages.
      Accordingly, a study involving more patients was undertaken: two different
      maintenance dose levels of Conjuvac 2 Grass were investigated and compared to a
      pyridine-extracted, alum-precipitated two-grass extract called Allpyral, which in
      previous double-blind trials has been shown to be effective. The trial, which
      included 125 patients with hay fever and which extended over 2 years, involved
      ten allergists from seven European countries. Overall, the Conjuvac high-dose
      regimen proved slightly superior to Allpyral without any increased incidence of
      side effects, and all treatments stimulated marked increases in specific IgG
      levels without raising IgE levels.

PMID- 3706826
TI  - A recent increase in asthma mortality in the northwestern United States.
AB  - Epidemiologic studies have suggested a recent increase in asthma mortality in New
      Zealand and the United States. Vital statistics were used to calculate asthma
      mortality rates for Washington and Oregon from 1972 through 1983, adjusting for
      the nosologic redefinition of asthma in 1979. Between 1977 and 1983, age-adjusted
      mortality from asthma increased 82% in these two states. The combined age
      specific asthma mortality rates for Washington and Oregon showed that the
      increase was concentrated in the greater than or equal to 75 age group, in which
      mortality increased from 4.7 to 12.0 per 100,000 between 1977 and 1983. A
      significant increasing trend in the proportion of death certificates listing a
      cardiac dysrhythmia along with asthma as a cause of death was observed overall,
      in the State of Washington alone, and in decedents 75 or more years of age. The
      same trend was not statistically significant in Oregon or among younger
      decedents. This increase in asthma mortality may be due to a change in therapy
      such as an increased reliance on beta-agonists and theophylline preparations in
      combination, a change in the clinical definition of asthma, or other as yet
      unrecognized factors. Further investigation of these findings is warranted.

PMID- 3706828
TI  - A comparison of intravenous hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone, and dexamethasone
      in acute bronchial asthma.
AB  - The short-term airway response of 14 subjects with severe asthma to equivalent
      low doses of intravenous hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone, and dexamethasone
      was examined. Overall the subjects improved without any significant differences
      between the three groups in subject age, baseline percent predicted FEV1, or
      percent predicted FEV1 at 3, 6, 9, 24, 48, and 72 hours (P greater than .05).

PMID- 3706827
TI  - Are oral decongestants safe in hypertension? An evaluation of the evidence and a
      framework for assessing clinical trials.
AB  - The safety of sympathomimetic decongestants (SMDs) in patients with hypertension
      remains controversial. Little experimental evidence exists for making proper
      recommendations regarding their use in hypertensive subjects. In order to
      determine the correct role of SMDs in such patients, physicians will need
      criteria with which to assess new data and reevaluate the existing literature.
      Using standardized methodologic criteria to judge clinical trials, we critically
      appraised the published evidence of the effects of SMDs on blood pressure control
      in hypertensive patients. A search of the English literature from 1966 to 1984
      revealed 12 prospective clinical studies out of 37 articles that specifically
      addressed the potential adverse pressor effect of SMDs. Of these, only one study
      evaluated hypertensive patients in a double-blind randomized fashion. Despite few
      threats to generalizability, the results of that investigation suggest that
      intranasal phenylephrine is safe in patients with controlled hypertension. The
      effects of phenylpropanolamine and pseudoephedrine in hypertensive patients are
      unclear since only small numbers of unrepresentative normotensive subjects have
      been studied; thus, the evidence to support the widespread belief that SMDs are
      unsafe in hypertensive patients is weak and circumstantial. Recommendations for
      treatment and methods to improve future study designs are suggested.

PMID- 3706829
TI  - [Reference materials in clinical enzymology].

PMID- 3706830
TI  - [Phenotype characteristics of 63 strains of Pseudomonas paucimobilis, mostly of
      hospital origin].
AB  - Sixty-three strains of Pseudomonas paucimobilis, a Gram-negative, lemon yellow
      pigmented, glucose nonfermenting bacillus are phenotypically compared to the type
      strain of this new species (ATCC 29837). The morphological, cultural, biochemical
      (ONPG-test, oxidase, aesculin positive) and nutritional (assimilation of many
      glucides) characteristics and susceptibility or resistance to antimicrobial
      agents (many antibiotics are active) are reported. The similarities and
      differences between P. paucimobilis and other yellow pigmented bacteria
      (Flavobacterium, especially group IIb, Xanthomonas, Pseudomonas maltophilia,
      stutzeri and cepacia) are presented. The occurrence of P. paucimobilis in diverse
      aquatic and aqueous sources and hospital environments and its significance in
      medical bacteriology (many isolates from blood cultures) are discussed.

PMID- 3706831
TI  - [Rapid microdetermination of 2 aminoglycosides by high-performance liquid
      chromatography in the plasma, bile and urine. Correlation of high-performance
      liquid chromatography and fluorescence polarization for plasma assays].
AB  - An HPLC method for determination of dibekacin and amikacin in various biological
      samples is described. A step gradient elution and fluorescence detection carried
      out through an on line post column derivatization system with OPT is used. The
      chromatographic conditions allow simple and rapid preparation, so that a result
      can be obtained within twenty minutes. The small volume required (150
      microliters) and the rapid sample clean-up are advantageous for routine use even
      in pediatric patients. The good sensitivity (dibekacin: 0,44 mumol/l - amikacin:
      0,35 mumol/l), reproducibility and specificity indicate it to be suitable for
      pharmacokinetic studies. Results obtained from HPLC were in excellent agreement
      with those of FPIA for both dibekacin and amikacin (r greater than or equal to
      0,98).

PMID- 3706832
TI  - [Evaluation of the Coulter Counter S+IV LMG: estimation of the leukocyte formula.
      Comparison with microscopic methods].
AB  - The evaluation of a differential count instrument of the Coulter S+line, the S+IV
      LMG Coulter-Counter, in particular for the lymphocyte, monocyte and granulocyte
      count was carried out. This differential analysis was compared with more
      classical methods of the manual (microscope) or automatic type (image analyser,
      Hematrack 360 type, Geometric Data). The repeatability is very good and the
      correlations excellent. The instrument can even detect the presence of low
      percentages of abnormal cells. Placement of reagents and samples at room
      temperature is important and the samples can be kept at room temperature for at
      least 9 hours without disturbing the count. In addition, energetic shaking of the
      samples does not change the count for the three types of cells. Due to the alarms
      given by the instrument as regards the cell distributions and all of the
      parameters of the blood cell count, no pathology should be ignored. In their
      laboratory, the authors note that about 25% of the smears are further examined by
      microscope.

PMID- 3706833
TI  - [A simple in vitro system for comparing the bactericidal activity of antibiotics
      at variable concentrations].
AB  - An in vitro device is described that allows the study of bactericidal activity of
      decreasing antibiotic concentrations. This simple and easily set up device was
      found to be accurate and reliable. The bactericidal kinetics of three
      antibacterial compounds (cephalothin, norfloxacin and pristinamycin) on
      Staphylococcus aureus were compared in a system simulating serum concentration
      and half-life of each antibacterial compound. The results show the importance of
      pharmacokinetic parameters on antibacterial activity and their usefulness in new
      antibiotics evaluation.

PMID- 3706834
TI  - Serum adenosine deaminase reference interval.

PMID- 3706835
TI  - [Preparation of reliable and inexpensive reagents for use with the Beckman 4
      Electrolyte Instrument].

PMID- 3706836
TI  - Data banks.

PMID- 3706837
TI  - Recommended method for assaying serum zinc with flame atomic absorption.

PMID- 3706838
TI  - [The European Diploma in Anesthesia].

PMID- 3706839
TI  - [Course of plasma fibronectin in burn patients. Its variations during septic
      episodes].
AB  - The time course of plasma fibronectin (FNp) was evaluated following burn injury
      in 62 patients during 30 days. Those patients were divided into three groups: A:
      36 non septic survivors, B: 7 septic survivors, C: 19 dead patients. Those groups
      were statistically different if either age or total body surface area burnt
      (TBSA), or unit burnt standard (UBS) or the percentage or third degree burnt area
      were considered. The relationship between FNp, UBS or sepsis was studied. No
      correlation was found between FNp levels and TBSA or UBS for the first three
      days. After acute depletion on day 2, the FNp level returned to initial values on
      day 3. That depletion was probably a consequence of resuscitation since both
      falls in plasma FNp and haematocrit were parallel from day 1 to day 2. When the
      patients became septic, there was always a drop in FNp level. The depleted level
      of FNp remained low in the patients who finally died, whereas in those who
      survived that level had returned to normal. The observation of FNp level could
      therefore be useful in determining how serious a sepsis is.

PMID- 3706840
TI  - [Comparative study of general and spinal anesthesia in elderly women in hip
      surgery].
AB  - The choice between regional versus general anaesthesia for elderly patients
      undergoing hip surgery is debated. It is vitally important to see if the type of
      anaesthetic administered affects per- and postoperative morbidity and mortality.
      Seventy women more than 75 yr old suitable for spinal anaesthesia were included
      in this study. They were randomly divided into two groups: in one (n = 35),
      general anaesthesia was given with sodium thiopentone, fentanyl, enflurane and
      vecuronium; in the other (n = 35), spinal anaesthesia was performed with 3 ml
      0.5% bupivacaine in isobaric solution. During the anaesthetic period, there were
      no statistically significant differences between both groups in systolic arterial
      pressure falls or in increases in the heart rate X systolic arterial pressure
      product. No serious cardiovascular collapse was encountered. Seven patients (20%)
      receiving general anaesthesia had mental changes against four only (14.2%) in the
      spinal group. In patients having general anaesthesia, 22.9% developed
      bronchopneumonia as opposed to 8.6% in the spinal anaesthesia group (p less than
      0.05). The mortality rate at three months was rather similar in the two groups.
      It was concluded that, in order to reduce the incidence of postoperative central
      dysfunction and bronchopneumonia, spinal anaesthesia should be preferred in
      geriatric patients for lower limb surgery.

PMID- 3706841
TI  - [Postural surgical rhabdomyolysis].

PMID- 3706842
TI  - [Creatine phosphokinases and serum and urinary myoglobin following a procedure in
      prolonged knee-chest position for the treatment of spondylolisthesis].
AB  - Rhabdomyolysis following the knee-chest position was studied in 15 patients
      scheduled for surgery for spondylolisthesis. A comparison was made between 11
      patients scheduled for orthopaedic surgery: ligamentoplasty (6 patients), total
      hip prosthesis (5 patients) and 11 patients scheduled for long oral surgery. The
      measurements carried out were blood CPK before surgery, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h after
      the beginning of surgery, and at days 2, 3 and 4. Blood and urinary myoglobin
      were measured at days 1, 2, 3 and 4 after surgery. The results were tested with
      the Mann and Whitney test. There was no statistical change in CPK and myoglobin
      in the test population. Following the knee-chest position, there was a
      statistical increase of CPK in all patients, with great individual variations.
      Myoglobinaemia and myoglobinuria were observed in six patients, these not being
      correlated with the variations of CPK. Nevertheless, the maximal increase of CPK
      and myoglobin was seen in one patient, without any modification of diuresis but
      with an increase of creatininaemia at 220 mmol X l-1. In this series,
      rhabdomyolysis was real. CPK was not a good index of the release of haematic
      pigments, the only dangerous ones. A qualitative search for myoglobinuria is
      suggested, this being followed, or not, by alkalization to prevent acute renal
      failure.

PMID- 3706843
TI  - [Radial artery catheterization in anesthesia and intensive care].

PMID- 3706844
TI  - [Incidence of biological intravascular coagulation in legal induced abortions].
AB  - A prospective study was designed to evaluate coagulation abnormalities induced by
      early abortion (before ten weeks of pregnancy). Fifty-two women underwent suction
      abortion, under diazepam-fentanyl anaesthesia with spontaneous ventilation; they
      were screened for coagulation parameters before and after surgery. Eight tests
      were carried out: prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT),
      thrombin time platelet count, fibrinogen levels, fibrin split products, fibrin
      soluble complexes and euglobulin lysis time. Results were consistent with
      activation. Consequences were limited and one general test (APTT) was not
      significantly modified. Suction abortion, even performed in early pregnancy,
      exposed to biological disseminated intravascular coagulation with a general risk
      of venous thrombosis.

PMID- 3706845
TI  - [Pulmonary artery catheterization by the percutaneous approach to the axillary
      vein].
AB  - The choice of venous access can be difficult in patients under intensive care.
      The axillary vein appeared interesting to evaluate. This prospective study
      involved 63 punctures carried out in 59 patients during a 16 month period (14
      females and 45 males; mean age: 54 +/- 4 yr). 34 patients were tracheostomized
      and under controlled respiration; some had coagulation abnormalities (8 cases).
      The other 29 patients were undergoing a preoperative haemodynamic study. Puncture
      of the axillary vein was carried out with the needle inserted at an angle of 30
      degrees to the skin surface and directed parallel to the artery medial to its
      course. The Seldinger technique was used (catheter and guide wire). Overall
      success rate was 87.5%. In 73%, less than three attempts were required. After the
      catheter was set in place in the axillary vein, the mean time required to reach
      the pulmonary artery was 7 +/- 15 min (range: 20 s-45 min). Less than 1 min was
      needed in 60%. Extrasystoles were observed in 3.6%. The incidence of arterial
      puncture was 11% without any late complications. In every case, pulmonary artery
      and capillary wedge pressure curves were obtained, as well as cardiac output
      measurements. Mean duration of catheterization was 2 +/- 1.1 days in the
      preoperative haemodynamic group and 4 +/- 1.7 days in the other. No infectious
      complication was related to the catheterization. One thrombosis of the axillary
      and subclavian veins was noted (1.8%). The axillary vein appeared therefore to be
      useful for pulmonary artery catheterization. It is an alternative choice in
      patients under controlled ventilation and with coagulation problems.

PMID- 3706846
TI  - [Rhabdomyolysis after prolonged knee-chest position].
AB  - Two cases are described of surgery for spondylolisthesis requiring prolonged knee
      chest position (5 h 20 min and 4 h 30 min); acute renal failure with anuria
      occurred early in one case (within the first 24 h postoperatively), and later in
      the other case (on the 8th day). The diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis was made on the
      increase of CPK and myoglobin blood levels. Post-haemodialysis evolution was
      satisfactory. The possible mechanism was muscle compression against the rests.
      Diagnosis must be made quickly; the only treatment is early fasciotomy, with the
      supplying of alkali to prevent acute renal failure. It would appear that the knee
      chest position can be kept a maximum of 3 h without any problem.

PMID- 3706847
TI  - [Retrospective diagnosis of a coma in an infant].
AB  - A four month old baby presented one morning a quiet, hypotonic, areflexive coma
      without any signs of localization, which vanished without any sequelae. Hepatic
      cytolysis and an isolated proteinuria with a maximum at about three days after
      the initial neurological problems completed the picture. A new interview with the
      parents looking for a toxic cause revealed without any doubt poisoning by
      tetrachloro-ethylene. Following this particular case, the main signs of poisoning
      by halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons are recalled. One should always have in
      mind the possibility of poisoning at all ages, even with young babies.

PMID- 3706848
TI  - [Claude Bernard-Horner syndrome and lumbar epidural analgesia].
AB  - Lumbar epidural analgesia was performed in a 28 year old primigravida through a
      L2-L3 catheter. The first dose induced satisfactory analgesia for 1 h. After the
      second dose of 8 ml of 0.25 bupivacaine, the patient's systolic blood pressure
      fell from 110 to 80 mmHg. As vena caval compression can contribute to
      hypotension, the patient was immediately placed in the left lateral position and
      oxygen was administered through a mask. Rapid infusion of 250 ml of modified
      gelatin resulted in a prompt and lasting restoration of blood pressure to its
      initial level. The third dose of 8 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine produced satisfactory
      analgesia without any adverse effect. The last dose (4 ml of 0.50% bupivacaine
      administered with the patient in half sitting) gave a left-sided Horner's
      syndrome and weakness in the left arm. An epidurogram, performed through the
      catheter 2 h after delivery, with the patient lying supine, showed unilateral
      left spread ascending to upper thoracic levels with delayed spread toward the
      right lumbar epidural space. The troubles persisted 6 h after the final
      bupivacaine dose, then resolving completely.

PMID- 3706849
TI  - [Cardiac arrest caused by pericardial heart dislocation].
AB  - A case is reported of a 33-year-old multiple injured patient with closed chest
      trauma and an unknown rupture of left pericardium and hemidiaphragm. A
      peroperative cardiac arrest, one year later, was related to dislocation of the
      heart. Thoracotomy for internal cardiac massage was responsible for a successful
      outcome.

PMID- 3706850
TI  - [Post-transfusion thrombopenia treated with gammaglobulins].
AB  - Thrombopenia and a haemorrhagic syndrome occurring on the eighth postoperative
      day were probably related to a post-transfusion purpura, confirmed by the
      discovery of antiplatelet antibodies not belonging to the PLA1 antigen system.
      The stabilization of this haemorrhage and a full recovery were obtained by giving
      high doses of intravenous human gammaglobulins. Blood replacement only rarely
      induces postoperative immuno-allergologic thrombopenia; heparin is the best known
      causative agent. It is concluded that platelets should never be given so long as
      the responsible agent is not formally identified.

PMID- 3706851
TI  - [Septicemia following maxillary sinusitis: a rare complication of nasotracheal
      intubation].
AB  - A case of septicaemia due to gram-negative bacilli secondary to maxillary
      sinusitis occurring is reported in a patient intubated through the nose. The
      search of a purulent nasal discharge and the portable X-ray film were important
      in establishing the diagnosis. Removing the tube and antibiotics usually give a
      prompt recovery.

PMID- 3706852
TI  - Validity and reliability of biostereometric measurement of the human female
      breast.
AB  - A measurement technique has been developed for application in the area of
      noninvasive breast cancer detection. The measurement process involves the use of
      close-range stereophotogrammetry as a data acquisition device necessary for
      determination of breast volume and volume distribution. This report details the
      methodology used to acquire and analyze stereopair photographs necessary to
      document the validity and reliability of this application. The volume of a test
      object was determined by both water displacement and stereophotogrammetric
      analysis to estimate the precision of the proposed methodology. Additionally, the
      reliability component of the study was documented by analyzing variability of
      coordinates representing a series of locations marked on the surface of an
      irregularly shaped object. Both tests confirm that this stereometric analysis is
      a reliable and valid method of measurement and may be well suited for further
      development in the field of breast cancer detection.

PMID- 3706853
TI  - A model-based system for assessing ventricular chamber pressure-volume-dimension
      relationship: regional and global deformation.
AB  - A system has been developed for measuring and relating in a non-beating isolated
      canine left ventricle dynamic changes in chamber pressure, volume, diameter,
      regional segment length, and wall thickness. The measurement system consists of a
      pulsatile blood pump whose stroke-volume and frequency can be adjusted
      selectively. The external pump system is used as a primary means for controlling
      instantaneous intraventricular volume. The relationship between left ventricular
      volume change, intraventricular pressure, minor axis diameter, and regional
      dimensions were studied as a function of pump rate. In addition to the basic
      constitutive properties, this system provided the means for measuring and
      comparing regional and global pressure-strain relationship including the effect
      of strain rate and its relationship to viscoelastic myocardial muscle model. The
      dynamic relationship between global dimensions and regional dimensions,
      circumferential segment length, and wall thickness were also investigated. The
      instantaneous relationship between intraventricular pressure resulting from
      periodic oscillations of chamber volume, including minor equator diameter, wall
      thickness, and regional segment dimensions were plotted and fitted to an
      exponential pressure-strain model, assuming a quasi-static large deformation. The
      observed difference between global and regional pressure-dimension strain
      stiffness coefficients can be attributed in part to basic constitutive and
      geometric considerations and not necessarily to the complex anisotropic or
      heterogeneous nature of cardiac muscle properties. This methodology provides
      indices which appropriately characterize the regional and global left ventricular
      chamber deformation and stiffness.

PMID- 3706854
TI  - New methods for whole blood oximetry.
AB  - New techniques for determining the hematocrit (Hct) and oxygen saturation (SO2)
      of whole blood from backscattered light measurements are described. First,
      theoretical and experimental results are presented which show that the empirical
      linear relationship between SO2 and the infrared-red backscattered light
      intensity ratio on which previous instruments have been based is an inadequate
      description primarily because it does not account for the strong effects of Hct
      and transducer geometry. Then it is shown that the ratio of backscattered
      intensities from two appropriately positioned infrared sources can be plotted
      against the infrared-red intensity ratio to produce a family of calibration
      curves from which SO2 and Hct can be independently determined. Finally, a
      practical implementation of an oximetry system which employs a microelectronic
      catheter-tip optical sensor and a microprocessor-based signal processor is
      proposed.

PMID- 3706855
TI  - Recruitment properties of monopolar and bipolar epimysial electrodes.
AB  - Muscle force was studied as a function of stimulus parameters, epimysial
      electrode position relative to nerve supply, and muscle length to provide insight
      into the properties of motor prostheses that employ epimysial electrodes. The
      results of the acute experiments indicated that the dependence of recruitment
      (force versus stimulus amplitude) on muscle length was minimal for a monopolar
      electrode positioned close to nerve entrance or 5 mm proximal to the motor point.
      The selectivity of stimulation (minimal activation of adjacent muscles) was best,
      and the recruitment rate the highest, for an electrode placed close to the nerve
      entrance. A bipolar pair of electrodes placed on the superficial surface of the
      muscle opposite to the nerve entrance gave better selectivity than the monopolar
      electrode at the low end of the recruitment range, and poorer selectivity at the
      high end. This electrode configuration required greater stimulus currents and
      exhibited a lower recruitment gain than was obtained for a monopolar electrode in
      the same position. Examination of tissue surrounding the electrode 30 days after
      implantation showed that the fibrous tissue encapsulating the electrode had been
      incorporated into the fascial layer. Slightly larger dependence on muscle length
      and lower selectivity of stimulation were measured after encapsulation than were
      measured in the acute experiments.

PMID- 3706856
TI  - Contributions to the impedance cardiogram waveform.
AB  - We have developed a cylindrically symmetric model with which to study what
      physiologic variables might contribute to the impedance cardiogram signal. We
      find the major contributions in this model to be due to dilation of the aorta and
      carotid arteries, changes in conductivity of blood in these same vessels due to
      red cell reorientation during flow, changes in the conductivity of the lungs, and
      changes in heart volume. The calculations suggest that the popular equation used
      to determine stroke volume from thoracic impedance data is not accurate under all
      conditions of the circulatory system.

PMID- 3706857
TI  - Optimum position for external cardiac compression in infants and young children.
AB  - Ninety-seven pediatric patients (age less than 17 years) undergoing routine
      upright chest roentgenograms in the posteroanterior projection and 90 children
      undergoing supine anteroposterior chest roentgenograms had lead markers placed at
      the suprasternal notch and xiphoid prior to taking the roentgenograms. The
      position of the geometric center of the cardiac silhouette in relation to the
      sternum was recorded as a percentage of the distance along the sternum. The heart
      lies under the lower one-third of the sternum (greater than 67%) in all cases at
      all ages. Ten pediatric patients (between 1 month and 3 years of age) who
      sustained cardiac arrest while in the Pediatric and Surgical Intensive Care Unit
      and who had arterial pressure monitoring lines already in place were monitored
      with a two- or four-channel strip-chart recorder during external cardiac
      compression (ECC) performed by staff members who were blinded from the results of
      the strip-chart recording. The ECC performers were instructed to perform ECC at
      either the midsternum at the level of the victim's nipples or at the lower one
      third of the sternum 1.5 to 2 cm above the tip of the xiphoid, and then to switch
      on command. In every instance in which the patients served as their own controls
      (ECC performed at both the midsternum and lower one-third of the sternum in
      random sequence), the performance of ECC over the lower one-third of the sternum
      resulted in significantly better systolic and mean arterial blood pressures (P
      less than .001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3706858
TI  - CPR-induced trauma: comparison of three manual methods in an experimental model.
AB  - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) often results in traumatic injury to the
      patient. Differences in CPR-induced trauma among various forms of manual,
      external CPR, however, are unknown. We compared CPR-induced trauma among manual
      standard (STD) CPR at 60 compressions per minute; high-impulse compression (HIC)
      CPR at 120 compressions per minute; and interposed abdominal compression (IAC)
      CPR at 60 compressions per minute. A large (24 +/- 3 kg) mongrel canine model was
      used. Ten animals were assigned to each type of CPR. Each received 17 minutes of
      CPR, applied to produce the best possible coronary perfusion pressure without
      obviously damaging the dog. Defibrillation was attempted at 20 minutes. Necropsy
      was performed at the time of death or after sacrifice at 24 hours. Careful
      postmortem examination of the thorax, lungs, heart, abdomen, and great vessels
      was performed. A semiquantitative trauma score of 0 to 5 was assigned to each
      area with a possible maximal score of 25. There was no difference in trauma
      scores among STD (6.4 +/- 1.5), HIC (9.4 +/- 1.4), and IAC (8.1 +/- 1.3) methods.
      No significant correlation was found between the method of CPR and the different
      types of trauma. Specifically, IAC did not produce an increase in liver
      lacerations nor did HIC produce a significant increase in thoracic or pulmonary
      injuries. Six of 20 initially resuscitated animals expired during the 24-hour
      follow-up period due to CPR-induced injuries. Four of these six had extensive
      pulmonary trauma, including pulmonary hemorrhage or edema. Liver lacerations were
      the second most lethal injury.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3706859
TI  - High-frequency jet ventilation cooling in a canine hyperthermia model.
AB  - A study was undertaken to evaluate high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) as an
      adjunct for the treatment of heatstroke. Eleven mongrel dogs were anesthetized,
      shaved, and externally heated until core temperature reached 43 C (109.4 F).
      Control animals (n = 6) were cooled passively in room air. Treatment animals (n =
      5) were cooled with the addition of HFJV using a flow-interrupter, high-frequency
      jet ventilator with a rate of 200, a driving pressure of 40 psi, and an
      inspiratory to expiratory ratio of .5 to deliver room air. Temperatures were
      measured in brain, pulmonary artery, rectum, and subcutaneous tissue of the chest
      wall. Serial arterial blood gases, cardiac outputs, and mean arterial pressures
      were measured at baseline, maximal heating, and at .5, 1, 2, and 12 hours after
      heating. Animals were sacrificed 12 hours after heatstroke induction. Cooling
      rates for brain, pulmonary artery, and rectum achieved in the HFJV group were 1.7
      times faster than those for the control group (P less than .05), although slower
      than previously reported cooling rates with gastric and peritoneal lavage. A
      higher PO2, a lower PCO2, and a more physiologic pH was maintained in the HFJV
      group than in the control group at 30 and 60 minutes after onset of cooling (P
      less than .05). Gross and histopathologic examination showed characteristic
      changes of heatstroke in both groups; no deleterious findings could be attributed
      to the use of HFJV itself. HFJV warrants clinical investigation as an adjunct for
      treatment of hyperthermia.

PMID- 3706860
TI  - Effect of a treatment protocol on the efficiency of care of the adult acute
      asthmatic.
AB  - A treatment protocol for patients with acute bronchospasm was introduced to an
      adult emergency department in an attempt to decrease treatment time and
      potentially decrease need for admission. The charts of all patients seen in a
      control year (before any protocol was in place) and the first three years of the
      protocol were reviewed. All care was given by medical housestaff. The first year
      after the protocol was introduced showed no change in either admission rate or
      stay in the ED. During this time, however, the protocol was used only 33% of the
      time. In the following two years, the protocol was used 93% of the time, and the
      admission rate decreased from 36.4% to 23.3% (P less than .02). The length of
      stay for all patients seen fell from a mean of 3.6 hours to 2.8 hours (P less
      than .005). The length of stay for those discharged fell from an average of 4.3
      hours to 3.6 hours (P less than .02). Among the patients admitted, there was also
      a less striking but similar decrease from 3.0 hours to 2.4 hours. An organized
      treatment protocol was effective in increasing the efficiency of care given by
      the housestaff. The routine use of the protocol was not immediate and required
      time for acceptance by the housestaff.

PMID- 3706861
TI  - Bystander/first responder CPR: ten years experience in a paramedic system.
AB  - The effectiveness of bystander CPR recently has been challenged. We undertook a
      ten-year retrospective review of our prehospital experience with witnessed
      cardiorespiratory arrest to ascertain save rates in patients receiving and not
      receiving CPR before paramedic advanced life support (ALS). Traumatic and
      poisoning arrests and children less than 18 years old were excluded. A total of
      1,905 patients presenting to a paramedic system from November 1, 1973, to October
      31, 1983, were bystander-witnessed arrests and attempted paramedic
      resuscitations. Four hundred five paramedic-witnessed arrests were excluded. One
      hundred eighty-two of 1,248 (14.6%) who had CPR initiated before paramedic ALS
      arrival were saves, compared to 38 of 252 (15%) who had no CPR initiated until
      paramedic arrival (P = NS). A save was defined as a patient discharged from the
      hospital. The respective save rates for coarse ventricular fibrillation were 148
      of 628 (23.6%) (CPR before paramedic arrival) vs 35 of 151 (CPR delayed until
      paramedic arrival) (23.2%); electromechanical dissociation (EMD), 11 of 209
      (5.3%) vs 0 of 38; asystole, 19 of 401 (4.7%) vs 3 of 61 (4.9%); and ventricular
      tachycardia, four of ten (40%) vs 0 of two. In this prehospital system,
      bystander/first responder CPR was found not to improve hospital discharge rates
      except in patients with initially documented rhythm of EMD.

PMID- 3706862
TI  - Patients who leave a pediatric emergency department without treatment.
AB  - We describe a population of 296 patients (1.1% of 27,230 pediatric emergency
      department visits) who left a pediatric ED without treatment during a 12-month
      period. Most occurred on weekends (n = 120; 41%), registered between 4 PM and
      midnight (n = 174; 59%), were on public aid (n = 161; 54%), had no known source
      of health care (n = 188; 64%), and waited less than three hours before leaving (n
      = 187; 63%). Most were not seriously ill; 12 children (4%) had urgent or
      emergency problems. Minor trauma was the most common reason for the visit. Two
      hundred twenty-three (75%) were contacted by telephone two days later. A long
      waiting time was the most commonly cited reason for leaving (137/231; 59%). One
      hundred sixteen patients (52%) did not seek other medical care; 36 (16%) went to
      another hospital ED. Forty-eight hours after leaving without treatment, 112
      patients (50%) were well, 65 (29%) had improved, 34 (15%) were unchanged, two
      (less than 1%) were worse, and seven (3%) had been hospitalized.

PMID- 3706863
TI  - Mega code evaluation: the development of graded criteria.
AB  - We developed an objective evaluation tool for grading students' performances in
      the advanced cardiac life support mega code. Specific functions for each student
      role are delineated. Each function is linked to a point system yielding an actual
      grade for each role, and pass/fail criteria are based on this grade. Use of the
      tool can eliminate instructor subjectivity and provide a permanent record of the
      student's performance.

PMID- 3706864
TI  - Mothball composition: three simple tests for distinguishing paradichlorobenzene
      from naphthalene.
AB  - We describe three analytical procedures that can be used to distinguish
      naphthalene from the less toxic mothball component paradichlorobenzene. An
      initial presumptive identification can be made by noting the characteristic aroma
      of the two substances. This can be followed by one of the three analytical tests,
      each of which is simple to perform, gives an answer in seconds to minutes, and is
      definitive enough to eliminate the need for costly additional testing at an
      analytical reference laboratory. These tests have as additional advantages that
      the endpoints are dramatic and the reagents are commonly available.

PMID- 3706865
TI  - Prehospital emergency services and health maintenance organizations.
AB  - Described are the cases of three acute cardiac patients and their referral to the
      emergency department by two health maintenance organization triage systems. The
      HMOs' methods did not use existing emergency medical services systems, and by
      policy virtually discouraged free use of the emergency medical services system.
      The patients required hospitalization and extensive ED treatment.

PMID- 3706866
TI  - Impact of HMOs on emergency medical services.

PMID- 3706867
TI  - Cardiac arrest secondary to Addison's disease.
AB  - A 33-year-old man with a history of progressive weight loss, weakness, and
      darkened skin color collapsed in cardiorespiratory arrest. His down time, with
      CPR, was more than 60 minutes, with 20 minutes of documented asystole. He was
      resuscitated, with global neurological deficits that eventually cleared following
      aggressive rehabilitation therapy. The diagnosis of Addison's disease was
      suggested by clinical hyperpigmentation and a roentgenographic narrowed cardiac
      silhouette. Cardiac arrest is an unusual complication of adrenal insufficiency.

PMID- 3706868
TI  - Progressive ulnar palsy as a late complication of decompression sickness.
AB  - We report an unusual case of decompression sickness in which a progressive ulnar
      palsy developed 22 days after the onset of neurological decompression sickness.
      The initial symptoms of numbness and paresthesias of the hand were treated with
      recompression therapy, resulting in only partial relief. The patient subsequently
      developed weakness of the left hand, which increased in severity until the
      institution of repeated daily hyperbaric oxygen treatments. A total of seven
      treatments resulted in partial resolution of the patient's signs and symptoms.
      Recovery was complete within four months.

PMID- 3706869
TI  - Necrotizing enterocolitis: an unusual cause of rectal bleeding in a term infant.
AB  - A 5-day-old term infant presented to the emergency department with a seven-hour
      history of rectal bleeding. He had had an uncomplicated prenatal course with no
      significant risk factors during the third trimester or perinatal period. The
      infant presented in minimal distress but was admitted for further workup and
      evaluation. The workup revealed necrotizing enterocolitis, which ultimately
      required surgical management. The infant was discharged with a colostomy, and
      then was readmitted ten weeks later for reanastomosis.

PMID- 3706870
TI  - Beer potomania: an unusual cause of symptomatic hyponatremia.
AB  - A 43-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with acute agitation,
      confusion, and tonic seizures. She had a history of drug abuse, most notably
      beer, which constituted her major dietary intake. The patient's seizures were at
      first thought to be factitious in association with an acute psychosis; however,
      her serum sodium concentration was 110 mEq/L and urine sodium was 14 mEq/L. The
      patient responded to IV hypertonic saline and subsequently recovered completely.
      Beer potomania, the most likely etiology for this patient's hyponatremia, is a
      rare disorder in which dietary sodium and protein insufficiency lead to
      dilutional hyponatremia.

PMID- 3706871
TI  - Calcific tendinitis of the flexors of the forefoot.
AB  - We report a case of calcific tendinitis in the flexor tendons of the forefoot. A
      33-year-old woman presented with a two-day history of foot pain but she recalled
      no direct trauma to the foot. Physical examination revealed redness, warmth, and
      tenderness on the plantar surface of the foot near the head of the first
      metatarsal. Radiographs showed a small focus of calcification in the flexor
      tendons of the great toe, diagnostic of calcific tendinitis. The patient was
      treated with supportive therapy and recovered.

PMID- 3706872
TI  - Spontaneous pneumomediastinum.

PMID- 3706873
TI  - CT versus plain radiographs.

PMID- 3706874
TI  - Attending coverage.

PMID- 3706875
TI  - Unibase and triple antibiotic ointment for hardened tar removal.

PMID- 3706876
TI  - Error in statistical significance.

PMID- 3706877
TI  - Critical appraisal of the therapy of asthma--an idea whose time has come.

PMID- 3706878
TI  - COPD: a disease of reversible air-flow obstruction.

PMID- 3706879
TI  - A comparison of atropine sulfate and metaproterenol sulfate in the emergency
      treatment of asthma.
AB  - Twenty-one patients presenting to an emergency room with moderate to severe
      asthma were entered into the following double-blind, crossover study. First,
      patients inhaled twice at 30-min intervals either atropine sulfate (AS) (3.2 mg
      and 3.2 mg; total dose, 6.4 mg) or metaproterenol sulfate (MP) (15 mg and 15 mg;
      total dose, 30 mg). Then after 80 min (crossover), they inhaled either AS (3.2
      mg) or MP (15 mg). FEV1 was measured before treatment and at 30, 40, 70, 80, 110,
      and 120 min after the start of the study. FEV1 from 20 patients who completed the
      protocol were compared (Student's paired t test), and the values are presented as
      mean +/- SEM. Both groups began with equally severe airways obstruction (AS
      versus MP: 1.02 +/- 0.07 L and 0.92 +/- 0.15 L, respectively; p greater than
      0.05). After 120 min, when all had received both medications, FEV1 had improved
      significantly and similarly among both groups, indicating that initially they had
      equivalent bronchodilator capacities. Atropine sulfate produced small but
      significant changes in FEV1 at 30 and 70 min, but not at 80 min nor after
      crossover. In contrast, MP both alone and after crossover significantly improved
      FEV1. The difference in improvement among the groups was significant at 80 min
      and after crossover. Atropine sulfate produced multiple adverse effects in all
      patients. We conclude that during acute severe asthma, AS (6.4 mg) does not
      produce clinically significant bronchodilation either alone or in combination
      with MP.

PMID- 3706880
TI  - The effect of bronchial obstruction on central airway deposition of a saline
      aerosol in patients with asthma.
AB  - We studied the effect of bronchial obstruction on central airway deposition of a
      0.9% saline aerosol (MMAD = 1.12 micron; sigma g = 2.04) labeled with 99mTc
      sulfur colloid. Radioaerosol was inhaled on 2 occasions by 8 patients with
      asthma. The degree of bronchial obstruction at the time of radioaerosol
      inhalation was measured by the FEV1. Mucociliary clearance of the radioaerosol
      was used as an index of regional aerosol distribution, because clearance from the
      densely ciliated central airways occurs more rapidly than from the peripheral,
      nonciliated regions of the lung. Using the Weibel lung model and an average
      mucociliary clearance rate of 1 mm/min, we determined that clearance of the
      radioaerosol from lung generations 1 to 5 (central airways) would be complete
      within approximately 90 min. Central airway deposition was therefore quantified
      as radioaerosol clearance in 97 min using a gamma camera. On Days 1 and 2,
      clearance ranged from 0 to 45% and from 0 to 17%, respectively; FEV1 as a percent
      of predicted FEV1 ranged from 36 to 88 on Day 1, and on Day 2 from 54 to 92.
      Radioaerosol clearance was inversely correlated with the baseline FEV1, with r = 
      0.7673 (linear regression analysis; p less than 0.05). These data suggest that
      the magnitude of bronchial obstruction is a determinant of aerosol distribution
      within the lung of patients with asthma and that increased bronchial obstruction
      enhances central airway deposition of inhaled particles.

PMID- 3706882
TI  - The effect of antigen-induced bronchoconstriction on phrenic nerve activity.
AB  - The effects of acute bronchoconstriction, produced by inhalation of Ascaris suum
      antigen, on both the amplitude and timing of phrenic nerve activity were studied
      in anesthetized dogs. Blood gas tensions and inspiratory air flow were maintained
      constant. Bronchoconstriction resulted in a significant increase in the magnitude
      and rate of rise of the phrenic neurogram during both normal respiratory cycles
      and cycles when lung inflation was prevented. The increase in the slope of the
      phrenic neurogram that results from lung inflation was further increased during
      bronchoconstriction. In addition, in half the animals, there was a significant
      increase in the tonic phrenic activity measured during expiration. All of these
      changes were abolished by bilateral cervical vagotomy. Antigen administration did
      not affect the timing of the different phases of the cycle equally; inspiratory
      duration was reduced by 51.8% and expiratory duration by 67.6%. Postinspiratory
      activity of the phrenic (PIIA) was reduced by only 34.7%; thus, during
      bronchoconstriction PIIA occupied a proportionally greater fraction of the
      expiratory phase. Vagotomy abolished the changes in respiratory timing and
      eliminated all PIIA.

PMID- 3706881
TI  - Comparison of the effects of intravenously administered aminophylline and inhaled
      isoproterenol on normal airways.
AB  - Although beta-agonists and anticholinergics have been well documented to alter
      the resting tone in normal airways, the effects of aminophylline on normal airway
      function is controversial. We therefore studied the effects of intravenously
      administered placebo and aminophylline, inhaled isoproterenol, and intravenously
      administered aminophylline plus inhaled isoproterenol in 8 nonasthmatic subjects
      using full and partial flow-volume curves, plethysmography, and respiratory
      resistance as measured by forced oscillation. Isoproterenol, as has been
      demonstrated previously, caused improvement in FEV1 FEF50, and the flow of a
      partial flow-volume curve at 75% of the VC (PFEF75). Intravenously administered
      aminophylline at therapeutic concentrations (17.0 to 22.4 mg/L) resulted in
      improvement in FEV1, PFEF75, and the total respiratory resistance. Aminophylline
      and isoproterenol administered together produced additive effects. Thus, contrary
      to other studies, intravenously administered aminophylline produced a small but
      significant effect on normal basal airway tone that was less than that seen after
      an adrenergic agent but proportionally similar to the effects seen in asthmatic
      subjects.

PMID- 3706883
TI  - Peripheral blood basophils, basophil progenitors, and nasal metachromatic cells
      in allergic rhinitis.
AB  - Relationships among mature blood basophils, blood basophil colony-forming units
      in culture (CFU-c), and nasal metachromatic cells (NMC) were investigated using
      hemopoietic and histochemical techniques in 29 patients with allergic rhinitis
      and in 7 nonatopic control subjects. Total blood granulocyte and basophil CFU-c
      were significantly elevated in atopy; the highest levels of basophil CFU-c were
      found in patients with low total NMC counts in nasal scrapings (Group I),
      compared with those with intermediate (Group II) or high (Group III) counts: 10
      +/- 3 basophil CFU-c per 10(6) cells in 10 Group I patients, 4 +/- 2 in 10 Group
      II patients, 3 +/- 1 in 9 Group III patients, and 0.1 +/- 0.1 in nonatopic
      control subjects (p less than 0.05). Mean histamine content and frequency of
      histamine-positive granulocyte colonies correlated with counts of basophils in
      colonies (r = 0.864, p less than 0.001). Peripheral blood basophils, which
      stained metachromatically with toluidine blue at pH 0.5 after Mota's lead acetate
      but not after formalin fixation, were highest in atopic Group III and lowest in
      Group I; a similar relationship was observed only for NMC, which also failed to
      stain after formalin fixation. Metachromatic cells in colonies were similar to
      formalin-sensitive NMC and to peripheral blood basophils in their sensitivity to
      different fixatives. Nasal symptoms correlated inversely with the number of
      basophil CFU and directly with the number of either formalin-sensitive NMC or
      peripheral blood basophils. These findings confirm and extend evidence for
      increased nasal metachromatic cells, basophilia, and alterations in
      basophilopoiesis in atopy.

PMID- 3706884
TI  - Effects of postnatal starvation and refeeding on rat lungs during adulthood.
AB  - Rats approximately 3 wk of age were given one half of their measured daily food
      consumption for 4 to 5 wk until they lost approximately 25% of their initial body
      weight (starved group) and were compared with an age-matched fed group 20 wk
      after the beginning of the study. Final body weight and nose-to-tail length were
      significantly lower in the starved group, whereas dry and wet weights of the lung
      were similar in both groups. The maximal and minimal lung volumes and specific
      lung compliance in air- and saline-filled lungs were similar in both groups, but
      in starved rats the volume-pressure curve was shifted significantly downward and
      to the right of that of the fed group at 70 and 60% maximal lung volume with air
      and at 90% maximal lung volume with saline. Total lung content of protein, DNA,
      RNA, hydroxyproline, and elastin were similar in fed and starved groups. It
      appears that moderate weight loss during the postnatal period leads to somatic
      growth retardation but to insignificant changes in the lungs of adult rats.

PMID- 3706885
TI  - Tuberculosis in physicians: a continuing problem.
AB  - We evaluated the occurrence of active tuberculosis in 4,575 physicians who
      graduated between 1938 and 1981 from the same medical school. There were 66
      cases. Fifteen (23%) cases were detected after 1970 including 4 diagnosed in
      1981. For most years, the incidence of tuberculosis was higher in physicians than
      in the general population. Forty-eight (73%) patients were between 25 and 34 yr
      of age at the time of diagnosis. Two thirds of all cases occurred within 6 yr of
      graduation, even in graduates since 1970. The risk of tuberculosis was 140 per
      100,000 persons-years within 6 yr of graduation. Sixty-three percent of initially
      tuberculin-negative medical students who subsequently had active tuberculosis
      converted their tuberculin reaction during medical school or clinical training.
      Recipients of BCG vaccine had 40% less tuberculosis than unimmunized, initially
      tuberculin-negative, physicians. Health authorities should be cognizant of the
      continuing risk of tuberculosis in medical students and physicians.

PMID- 3706886
TI  - Bacterial adherence to respiratory tract cells. Relationships between in vivo and
      in vitro pH and bacterial attachment.
AB  - Alterations in in vitro pH have been shown to have a significant effect on the
      bacterial binding capacity of epithelial cells for certain organisms. We
      investigated the effect of in vivo pH and in vitro changes in pH on the adherence
      of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to buccal and tracheal cells of 19 chronic tracheostomy
      patients. In addition, airway pH was measured in 5 normal volunteers.
      Oropharyngeal and endobronchial pH were measured with a flexible electrode that
      could be passed through a bronchoscope under direct visualization. In vitro
      adherence of Pseudomonas to respiratory epithelial cells was determined at pH 6.5
      and 7.2. Colonization status of the patients was determined by culture of
      oropharyngeal and tracheal secretions. The pH value of each site in the
      respiratory tract and its secretions were different in the tracheostomy patients
      (buccal pH 6.3; tracheal, 6.9; sputum, 7.5). No difference was noted in pH of the
      2 sites in control subjects (buccal, 6.7; tracheal, 6.7). Changes in in vitro pH
      had a significant effect (p less than 0.004) on bacterial binding to epithelial
      cells from both sites. The pH had its greatest effect on tracheal cells of
      patients colonized with Pseudomonas. Increased in vitro binding of these
      organisms was noted at the more alkaline pH. The magnitude of the effect of in
      vitro pH alteration on bacterial binding correlated directly with the degree of
      binding. These results demonstrated that pH has a significant effect on in vitro
      Pseudomonas adherence and the effect is most marked on cells obtained from the
      lower respiratory tract of patients colonized with this organism.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3706887
TI  - Risk factors for pneumonia and fatality in patients receiving continuous
      mechanical ventilation.
AB  - We studied risk factors for nosocomial pneumonia and fatality in 233 intensive
      care unit patients requiring continuous mechanical ventilation. Ventilator
      associated pneumonia was diagnosed in 49 (21%) of the 233 patients. Of the 8 risk
      factors univariately associated with the development of pneumonia, only the
      presence of an intracranial pressure monitor (p less than 0.002), treatment with
      cimetidine (p less than 0.01), hospitalization during fall-winter seasons (p less
      than 0.04), and mechanical ventilator circuit changes every 24 h rather than
      every 48 h (p less than 0.02) remained significant after stepwise logistic
      regression. The overall fatality rate for the 49 patients who developed
      ventilator-associated pneumonia was 55%. Ventilator-associated pneumonia was 1 of
      18 variables univariately associated with overall patient fatality, but it was
      not among the 7 variables present after multivariate analysis. The data delineate
      risk factors associated with the development of nosocomial pneumonia and fatality
      in patients receiving continuous mechanical ventilation.

PMID- 3706888
TI  - Abnormal neutrophil-pulmonary interaction in the adult respiratory distress
      syndrome. Qualitative and quantitative assessment of pulmonary neutrophil
      kinetics in humans with in vivo 111indium neutrophil scintigraphy.
AB  - In the absence of direct toxins, the majority of evidence from animal models
      suggests that neutrophils (PMN) are necessary for the full expression of the
      abnormal pulmonary permeability accompanying acute microvascular lung injury. We
      therefore studied the role of the PMN in the human correlate of this disease, the
      adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), by assessing the pulmonary retention
      of infused autologous 111Indium-labeled PMN (PMN-In). We evaluated 79 patients,
      prospectively categorized as: "active" ARDS (Aa; n = 30), "active" ARDS and
      concurrent corticosteroid therapy (As; n = 11), "resolving" ARDS (Ar; n = 13),
      sepsis without pulmonary edema (S; n = 7), and cardiac pulmonary edema (C; n =
      18). This clinical separation was confirmed by retrospective analysis of
      associated measures of hemodynamic and respiratory dysfunction. We found that
      both analog scintigrams (positive/negative for diffuse pulmonary PMN-In
      sequestration) and computer-assisted quantitative analysis in 46 patients (T 1/2
      of first hour demargination and percentage of peak activity/pixel/second
      remaining at 17 to 20 h) showed a significant rank order decrease in the
      pulmonary retention of labeled PMN-In through the Groups Aa----As----S----Ar---
      C. Our findings recognized aspects of in vivo PMN-In behavior that implied
      pathophysiologic differences between groups of critically ill patients in either
      the PMN themselves or in PMN-pulmonary endothelial interaction. This demonstrates
      the possibility of abnormal in vivo PMN-endothelial interaction in ARDS by virtue
      of the greater pulmonary localization of PMN in active ARDS versus resolving
      disease, septic non-ARDS states, and cardiac pulmonary edema.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3706889
TI  - Comparative effects of theophylline and adenosine on respiratory skeletal and
      smooth muscle.
AB  - This study compared the effects of theophylline and adenosine on the contractile
      activity of respiratory smooth and skeletal muscles in vitro. Studies were
      performed on isolated strips of tracheal smooth and diaphragmatic skeletal muscle
      from 22 Hartley strain guinea pigs. The changes in diaphragm and tracheal smooth
      muscle tension in response to electrical stimulation and histamine-induced
      contraction, respectively, were assessed over a range of theophylline and
      adenosine concentrations (10(-7) to 10(-3) M for each). Theophylline increased
      diaphragmatic tension and reversed histamine-induced smooth muscle contractions
      in a dose-dependent fashion. Theophylline, however, decreased tracheal tension at
      concentrations an order of magnitude lower than those that increased
      diaphragmatic tension. Adenosine mimicked the effect of theophylline on tracheal
      muscle but had no effect on the force of diaphragm contraction. Moreover,
      adenosine failed to alter the theophylline dose-response curve for diaphragmatic
      tension. This study demonstrates that airway smooth muscle is more sensitive than
      is respiratory skeletal muscle to the effects of theophylline. Furthermore, these
      data suggest that the effects of theophylline on diaphragm skeletal muscle are
      not mediated by adenosine receptor blockade.

PMID- 3706890
TI  - Bronchodilator response in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
AB  - We measured response to 250 micrograms isoproterenol in 985 patients with COPD
      who were carefully studied and followed closely for nearly 3 yr. Response was
      quantitated in relative (% increase in FEV1) and absolute (change in FEV1 as a %
      predicted normal) terms. Patients were told to abstain from bronchodilator for 6
      h before testing, and responses were larger in those who said they had done this.
      Responses were not related to blood theophylline concentrations. In patients who
      had abstained for 6 h, response averaged 15% of the baseline FEV1 or 5% of the
      predicted normal FEV1. Relative response was inversely proportional to baseline
      FEV1, whereas absolute response was directly related to baseline FEV1. Responses
      were positively related to symptomatic wheezing and exercise capacity, and
      negatively to smoking history, but these features accounted for little of the
      observed variation in response. Patients with large relative and absolute
      responses demonstrated increased variability of FEV1 with time and a decreased
      annual rate of decline of FEV1. There was little change in response with time,
      and the change observed could probably be explained by a gradual decrease in
      FEV1. However, time-related interindividual and intraindividual variations of
      response were large and impossible to separate from random variations of FEV1.

PMID- 3706891
TI  - Supine change in arterial oxygenation in patients with chronic obstructive
      pulmonary disease.
AB  - In normal subjects, recumbent PaO2 differs from upright PaO2 as a function of the
      relationship between FRC and closing volume. However, in patients with lung
      disease, the factors controlling PaO2 change. Furthermore, the distribution of
      airway closure does not strictly reflect gravitational gradients in pleural
      pressure. Hence, we evaluated the effects of recumbency on PaO2 in patients with
      advanced COPD. We conducted pulmonary function tests and measured PaO2, AaPO2,
      change from upright to supine FRC, VE, cardiac output (QT), and mixed venous
      oxygen saturation (SvO2). Eight patients with COPD in whom PaO2 decreased in the
      supine position (Group I) were compared with 8 patients with COPD in whom PaO2
      improved in the recumbent position (Group II); the only anthropometric difference
      between the groups was greater body weight in Group II (p less than 0.05).
      Pulmonary function was comparable in the 2 groups. In both groups, FRC decreased
      with recumbency, but supine FRC and delta FRC did not differ between groups nor
      correlate significantly with PaO2, AaPO2, or venous admixture (QVA/QT). Supine
      SVO2 increased in both groups, but supine QT increased significantly only in
      Group I. In Group II, recumbent QVA/QT did not change significantly, whereas
      recumbent QVA/QT increased (p less than 0.02) in Group I. The cause for increased
      QVA/QT in Group I was reduced VE plus increased QT while supine; in contrast, by
      maintaining a higher supine VE and by not increasing QT significantly, an
      increase in QVA/QT was prevented in Group II subjects, an increase that would
      otherwise have overwhelmed the benefits of increased recumbent SVO2 on
      PaO2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3706892
TI  - A comparison of two definitions of abnormality on pulmonary outcome in
      epidemiologic studies.
AB  - Definition of abnormal outcome on lung function testing has not been well
      standardized. Observed test results have been compared with predicted values
      based on age, height, and sex in 2 ways: as percent of the predicted (PP) and in
      relation to limits established by the 95% confidence interval around the
      predicted (CI). The present study examines these 2 methods of comparison with
      respect to effect on pulmonary outcome in 377 railroad workers and 193
      pipefitters exposed to asbestos. Using accepted PP and CI criteria to define
      abnormal test results, we classified subjects as restricted or obstructed or
      normal by each method. The proportion restricted or obstructed was higher (p =
      0.0001) if definitions were based on PP rather than on CI: restriction, 12.5% by
      PP versus 7.2% by CI; obstruction, 18.4% by PP versus 16.0% by CI. Twenty-seven
      percent (n = 47) of those abnormal by PP were normal by CI. Independent
      indicators of disease were used to compare this discordant group with groups
      normal (n = 391) or abnormal (n = 129) by both criteria. The subjects in the
      discordant group were older, with more years of asbestos exposure, longer
      latency, and more pleural plaques (p less than 0.05). The occurrence of chronic
      bronchitis and dyspnea was similar to that in the abnormal group. In our study,
      the method of comparison had a significant effect on outcome; PP appeared a
      better measure of disease. Our findings suggest that age and underlying risk of
      the study population should be considered in selecting a method of comparison in
      epidemiologic studies of respiratory disease.

PMID- 3706893
TI  - Longitudinal evaluation of pulmonary function in copper smelter workers exposed
      to sulfur dioxide.
AB  - From 1973 to 1974, a longitudinal study of pulmonary function in 113 Utah copper
      smelter workers reported significant declines in FVC and FEV1 related to sulfur
      dioxide exposure. In 1980, we performed a 7-yr follow-up study, finding
      significant increases in FVC and FEV1. The 66 follow-up participants were similar
      to those 47 lost to follow-up with regard to age and initial pulmonary function.
      Subgroups of smelter workers with initial higher exposures to sulfur dioxide and
      FEV1 less than 90% predicted did not show an accelerated rate of decline. To
      reconcile these differences between the 2 studies, we reevaluated the spirometry
      curves from 1973 and 1974. All had short expiratory times, with none 6 s or
      longer, whereas all of the curves from the spirograms obtained in 1980 exceeded 6
      s. In addition, from 1980 to 1983, we performed a longitudinal study of 48 of the
      original workers, finding small annual mean declines for FVC of 6 ml and FEV1 of
      5 ml. Personal exposures to sulfur dioxide were not significantly different in
      1982 than in 1976; thus, we were unable to corroborate the findings of the
      initial longitudinal study.

PMID- 3706894
TI  - Effects of ambient sulfur oxides and suspended particles on respiratory health of
      preadolescent children.
AB  - Reported here are the results from an ongoing study of outdoor air pollution and
      respiratory health of children living in six cities in the eastern and midwestern
      United States. The study enrolled 10,106 white preadolescent children between
      1974 and 1977 in 3 successive annual visits to each city. Each child received a
      spirometric examination, and a parent completed a standard questionnaire. Of this
      cohort, 8,380 children were seen for a second examination 1 yr later. An air
      pollution monitoring program was begun in each community at about the time of the
      first examination. For this report, measurements of total suspended particulates
      (TSP), the sulfate fraction of TSP (TSO4), and sulfur dioxide (SO2)
      concentrations at study-affiliated outdoor stations were combined with
      measurements at other public and private monitoring sites to create a record of
      TSP, TSO4, and SO2 concentrations in each of 9 air pollution regions during the 1
      yr period preceding each examination and, for TSP, during each child's lifetime
      up to the time of testing. Across the 6 cities, frequency of cough was
      significantly associated with the average of 24-h mean concentrations of all 3
      air pollutants during the year preceding the health examination (p less than
      0.01). Rates of bronchitis and a composite measure of lower respiratory illness
      were significantly associated with average particulate concentrations (p less
      than 0.05). In analyses restricted to lifetime residents, these outcomes were
      significantly associated with measures of lifetime mean TSP concentration. Within
      the cities, however, temporal and spatial variation in air pollutant
      concentrations and illness and symptom rates were not positively
      associated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3706895
TI  - Persistent bronchoalveolar lymphocytosis in asymptomatic farmers.
AB  - We previously demonstrated that 14 of 23 asymptomatic dairy farmers with positive
      precipitins and 5 of 20 without precipitins had an alveolar lymphocytosis
      (greater than 22%). To verify the outcome of this lymphocytosis, we restudied, 2
      or 3 yr later, 27 of these subjects. No subject had had symptoms suggestive of
      farmer's lung disease either prior to the initial study or between the 2 studies.
      All were still on their farm. Physical examination and chest roentgenograms were
      normal for all subjects at both studies. Pulmonary function tests showed a small
      but significant change in RV (101.8 +/- 20.4% to 118.7 +/- 27.6% of predicted, p
      less than 0.05) and FVC (98.0 +/- 12.6% to 94.3 +/-9.5%, p less than 0.05),
      whereas TLC, FEV1, and DLCO showed no changes. Lymphocytes from BAL were still
      increased in 9 of 12 subjects, whereas 3 had returned to normal; of the 15
      subjects with previous normal values, 3 now had an abnormal lavage lymphocytosis.
      There was no correlation between lung function variations and the percentage of
      lymphocytes in the previous or the present BAL. We conclude that a
      bronchoalveolar lymphocytosis is a persistent phenomenon in a large number of
      asymptomatic dairy farmers, and that this finding is not related to significant
      disease, at least in the time span studied.

PMID- 3706896
TI  - Correlation of bronchoalveolar lavage and clinical and functional findings in
      asbestosis.
AB  - Respiratory clinical, radiographic, and functional findings were assessed and
      correlated with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cellular changes in 52 asbestos
      workers (27 with and 25 without asbestosis) and in 15 control subjects without
      asbestos exposure. Subjects with asbestosis had a moderate neutrophilic
      alveolitis (7.8 +/- 5%) compared with the other groups (p less than 0.001) that
      was correlated with the presence of crackles (p = 0.03) and PaO2 (p less than
      0.05) and AaPO2 at rest (p less than 0.05) values. Asbestos bodies (AB) in BAL
      were quantitated in 34 of the 52 asbestos workers (21 with and 13 without
      asbestosis) and in the control group. They were present in 83% of asbestos
      workers but they were absent in the latter. No significant differences were
      observed in the number of AB between those asbestos workers with and without lung
      disease. We conclude that crackles on auscultation and PaO2 and AaPO2 values may
      well be good indicators of the staging of neutrophilic alveolitis in asbestosis.
      In contrast, the amount of AB in BAL is not a reliable marker of asbestos lung
      fibrosis.

PMID- 3706897
TI  - The diagnosis of gram-negative bacillary pneumonia in an animal model using a
      competitive ELISA technique to detect the presence of lipid A.
AB  - Gram-negative bacillary pneumonias represent a major problem in hospitalized
      patients. A major research interest has been towards the development of rapid and
      accurate diagnostic procedures for these infections. An ELISA procedure for the
      detection of lipid A in pulmonary lavage fluid has been developed. Using the
      quantitation of lipid A, an antigen common to all clinically important gram
      negative bacilli, as a marker for gram-negative bacilli, the presence or absence
      of pneumonia caused by these organisms could be demonstrated in laboratory
      animals. Additionally, by quantitating the lipid A associated with the lavageable
      pulmonary cell population, a measure of bacterial lung clearance could be
      obtained.

PMID- 3706898
TI  - Epithelial permeability produced by phagocytosing neutrophils in vitro.
AB  - Neutrophils are thought to increase alveolar permeability in many types of lung
      injury. To investigate the contribution of neutrophils to the development of
      permeability pulmonary edema, we have developed an in vitro cell culture system
      for studying alveolar epithelial permeability. Rat alveolar type II cells,
      cultured for 6 to 12 days on collagen-coated Millipore filters, form a
      morphologically and pharmacologically polarized epithelium. The filters are
      mounted between 2 lucite chambers, and electrical resistance (permeability to
      ions) and spontaneous potential difference across the monolayer are measured
      continually or at frequent intervals. When neutrophils and the phagocytosable
      particle, opsonized zymosan (but not neutrophils or opsonized zymosan alone),
      were added to the apical side, the potential difference and transepithelial
      resistance fell dramatically after 20 min, which indicates an increase in
      epithelial permeability. The increase in epithelial permeability was inhibited by
      serum alpha-1-protease inhibitor (250 micrograms/ml), methoxysuccinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro
      Val-chloromethyl ketone (0.02 mM) (an elastase inhibitor), catalase (2,500
      units/ml), and superoxide dismutase (330 units/ml). In experiments with a lower
      concentration of phagocytosing neutrophils, a slower rate of decrease in
      resistance occurred, and in 3 of 13 studies, there was a definite recovery of the
      resistance to initial values. This study demonstrated that phagocytosing but not
      resting neutrophils increase the permeability of the epithelial monolayers to
      ions and suggests that the increased permeability in this system is mediated in
      part by both neutral protease(s) and oxygen radicals.

PMID- 3706899
TI  - Ultrastructural localization of bronchial antileukoprotease in central and
      peripheral human airways by a gold-labeling technique using monoclonal
      antibodies.
AB  - The present report describes the ultrastructural localization of bronchial
      antileukoprotease (ALP) in human central and peripheral airways by using
      polyclonal as well as monoclonal ALP-specific antibodies in a two-step gold
      labeling procedure. In the serous cells of bronchial glands, ALP could be
      demonstrated in secretory granules. These granules, among which 4 phenotypes
      could be distinguished morphologically in ultrathin sections, showed the
      following labeling patterns: phenotype I, which had an electron lucent, fine
      granular content, and phenotype II, which was homogeneously electron dense, both
      showed gold label over their entire area. The granules expressing zonal
      differences in electron density (phenotype III) showed only label in their
      electron-dense cores and the electron-lucent granules (phenotype IV) showed a
      minimal labeling. Sometimes gold particles could be observed in the rough
      endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope, suggesting that ALP is present in
      these cell organelles. In the bronchiolar epithelium, ALP could be localized only
      in the secretory granules of Clara cells and goblet cells. These findings
      indicate that ALP is also synthesized in bronchioli. To our knowledge this is the
      first time that a well-defined protein has been described that is produced and
      secreted by human Clara cells.

PMID- 3706900
TI  - Counting parenchymal cells in the goat lung with serial section reconstruction
      and stereology.
AB  - Information about numbers of cells is needed to interpret cellular and tissue
      responses to injury. As a first step towards identifying changes in cell number
      and structure in injured lungs, this study reports the frequencies of 4
      parenchymal cell types in the normal goat lung. Cells were counted using serial
      section reconstruction and light microscopy. Relative cell frequencies were (mean
      +/- standard error): type I cells (5.47 +/- 0.52%), type II cells 10.74 +/-
      1.17%), capillary endothelial cells (47.50 +/- 1.42%), and interstitial cells
      (37.14 +/- 3.00%). These cell counts coming from serial section reconstructions
      allowed us to estimate mean nuclear diameters of the 4 cell types without
      assumptions for size, shape, and frequency distribution, and they were also used
      to evaluate counts of nuclear profiles taken from light and electron micrographs.
      When the same mean nuclear diameter was used, the counts of nuclear profiles from
      both light and electron microscopy gave similar stereological estimates for cell
      numbers, provided section compression was corrected. We conclude that lung
      parenchymal cells can be counted using light microscopy and serial section
      reconstruction and that this information provides a standard for evaluating
      stereological estimates of cell numbers.

PMID- 3706901
TI  - Quantitative three-dimensional reconstruction and carbohydrate cytochemistry of
      rat nonciliated bronchiolar (Clara) cells.
AB  - We have employed three-dimensional reconstructions and cytochemistry to analyze
      nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial (Clara) cells from rat lungs. We identified a
      previously unreported ovoid granule type, which was characterized by its relative
      electron-lucency and eccentric electron-dense core. These electron-lucent
      granules were less common than electron-dense granules and were polarized toward
      the Golgi. They occupied 0.51% of the cell volume. Quantitative analysis of cell
      volume fractions showed the more numerous electron-dense granules to be polarized
      toward the air border; they occupied 2.5% of the cell volume. Periodic acid
      thiocarbohydrazide-silver protein staining for hexose sugars indicated no
      differences between the granule types with regard to their carbohydrate content.
      Multivesicular bodies occupied 0.42% of total cell volume and were distinctly
      polarized toward the surface of the Golgi. Rod-shaped granules were present in 4
      of the 6 reconstructed cells, ranging in number from 0 to 9 per cell. Nine
      apparent secretory events were seen in 6 cells and all appeared as exocytosis. We
      conclude that rat Clara cells contain at least 3 morphologically distinct granule
      types located in different volumes of the cell, and that exocytosis is the mode
      of secretion. The functional relationship between the ovoid granule types could
      include precursor-product lineage or different secretory products. We suggest
      that multivesicular bodies and light granules are stages in dark granule genesis.

PMID- 3706902
TI  - Zonal distribution of alveolar macrophages, type II pneumonocytes, and alveolar
      septal connective tissue gaps in adult human lungs.
AB  - The distribution of alveolar macrophages, Type II cells, and alveolar septal
      connective tissue discontinuities or gaps in two neighboring alveoli from a human
      lung obtained at surgery, and preserved by vascular perfusion-fixation, was
      studied by electron microscopy. Discontinuities or gaps are defined as complete
      interruptions of all the connective tissue elements of the alveolar septum,
      including the basement membranes. Serial-sectioning of the alveoli, and the
      creation of montages of the entire circumference of each alveolus at intervals of
      every twentieth section (approximately 1.6 micron) at a magnification of X 2,160
      permitted precise identification of cells and connective tissue gaps and allowed
      the reconstruction, by computer techniques, of the alveolar walls in 3
      dimensions. These studies showed that all of the 48 alveolar macrophages
      identified, and over two thirds of all Type II cells and alveolar septal gaps,
      were located or bordered on alveolar septal junctional zones (within 10 microns
      of septal junctions). The profiles of 739 alveoli examined by light microscopy
      from 6 lungs similarly preserved by vascular perfusion-fixation, in which the
      alveolar surface lining was well fixed, also showed alveolar macrophages
      preferentially distributed in alveolar junctional zones. These were compared with
      242 alveolar profiles from 3 other vascularly-fixed lungs and 971 alveolar
      profiles from 9 lungs fixed by way of the airways, in which the alveolar surface
      lining was lost. In these lungs, most of the alveolar macrophages were in the
      alveolar air spaces.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3706903
TI  - Ranking the severity of emphysema on whole lung slices. Concordance of upper
      lobe, lower lobe, and entire lung ranks.
AB  - This study describes a modification of a standard method for grading emphysema
      that was originally described by Thurlbeck for postmortem lungs. The study was
      based on pneumonectomy specimens that were fixed in inflation and sliced
      sagittally. The midsagittal slice was impregnated with barium sulphate and
      examined under water by 2 observers on 2 separate occasions. It was then re
      examined on 2 additional occasions with either the upper or the lower lobe
      covered and the grade assigned using the uncovered lobe. In each case, the grade
      was assigned by comparing the specimen with the panel of pictures of paper
      sections of lung provided by Thurlbeck and coworkers. The data showed good
      agreement between grades assigned on separate observations of the same lobe. They
      also showed that the order of cases from no emphysema to severe emphysema was
      changed little when the grade was assigned by observing either the upper or the
      lower lobe. We conclude that this modification of the previous technique
      described by Thurlbeck and coworkers provides a simple reliable method of ranking
      surgical lung specimens as to the severity of emphysema present.

PMID- 3706904
TI  - Recurrent Nocardia pneumonia in an adult with chronic granulomatous disease.
AB  - The diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease was made for the first time in a
      young adult when he presented with Nocardia asteroides pneumonia. Treatment with
      trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for 10 wk brought about an apparent cure of the
      infection. Two and one half years later N. asteroides pneumonia recurred and
      resulted in death from respiratory failure. Antibiotic susceptibility studies
      suggested that both episodes were caused by the same organism. This suggestion
      was supported by endonuclease restriction analysis, which showed that the
      plasmids from both Nocardia isolates were identical. Late recurrence of pneumonia
      caused by N. asteroides occurs only rarely. In this patient, recurrent infection
      appeared to be related to persistence of colonizing organisms in the host.

PMID- 3706905
TI  - Reversible obstructive sleep apnea caused by occupational exposure to guar gum
      dust.
AB  - This report describes a case of reversible obstructive sleep apnea caused by
      occupational exposure to an inhaled allergen, guar gum powder. The patient, a pet
      food plant employee, also experienced severe cough, rhinitis, and conjunctivitis.
      Skin tests confirmed the specific guar allergy. Pharyngeal cross-sectional area
      was smaller than normal. Pulmonary function studies, histamine challenge tests,
      nasal air-flow resistance measurements, and nocturnal polysomnography were
      performed on 3 separate occasions: while the patient was working at his usual
      occupation, at the end of a 3-wk holiday, and after a guar dust challenge in an
      inhalation chamber. Pulmonary function and histamine challenge tests were
      consistently normal. At the time of the initial tests, nasal resistance was
      elevated, and nocturnal polysomnography revealed obstructive sleep apnea. After
      absence from work, obstructive sleep apnea resolved, and the nasal resistance
      returned to normal. After challenge with guar gum dust, the patient developed
      increased resistance to nasal air flow, and obstructive sleep apnea reappeared.
      This case demonstrates that allergy can cause reversible obstructive sleep apnea
      and that occupational exposure should be considered in the assessment of patients
      with this disease.

PMID- 3706906
TI  - Factors in the choice of academic or practice careers in pulmonary medicine.
AB  - The characteristics, motives, and sources of job satisfaction were compared
      between persons choosing a research career in academic pulmonary medicine and
      those choosing a career in the practice of pulmonary medicine. In a first study,
      established practitioners and academic researchers were asked what the main
      influences were on their career decisions, from what they obtained job
      satisfaction, and why they did or did not choose academic medicine. After these
      results were obtained a second questionnaire was sent to all pulmonary fellows in
      U.S. programs asking them their future career plans, reasons for their career
      choices, factors in their job satisfaction, and attitudes toward an academic
      career. Both current and future researchers desired intellectual challenge,
      continued learning, and an opportunity to investigate, whereas established and
      future practitioners derived more satisfaction from patient care. The opportunity
      to be creative, the chance to work fixed hours, and to gain national recognition
      were more important to future academic researchers. The prospective practitioners
      rated helping people, freedom from bureaucracy, and income level as the major
      determinants of their career choice. In addition to the personal qualities, many
      environmental factors, such as participating in a successful research project and
      encouragement from faculty, were important in leading a pulmonary fellow to
      select a research career.

PMID- 3706907
TI  - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease--a continuing challenge.

PMID- 3706908
TI  - Breathlessness and exercise in patients with cardiorespiratory disease.

PMID- 3706909
TI  - Asbestos exposure--quantitative assessment of risk.

PMID- 3706910
TI  - American Thoracic Society. Medical Section of the American Lung Association.
      Skills of the health team involved in out-of-hospital care for patients with
      copd.

PMID- 3706911
TI  - Gross anatomy in medical education.
AB  - The present state of human gross anatomy in medical education can generally be
      characterized as the presentation of a large bolus of information that is
      swallowed and only partly digested during the first year of medical school. The
      subject is often taught in a depth beyond that which would be relevant to all
      physicians irrespective of their future professional careers. This condition has
      resulted from adaptive adjustments to the escalating discrepancy between a
      rapidly expanding knowledge base in science and technology and the relatively
      fixed time period for education of a physician. Initially, traditional courses
      retained their comprehensive character, and new information was simply piled on
      top of existing departmental offerings. It soon became obvious that there would
      have to be a reduction in time devoted to established courses and a reciprocal
      expansion of time to accommodate newly developing sciences. Such adjustments were
      painful and often led to conflicts about what comprises essential knowledge in
      medical education. Thus, the curriculum time devoted to human gross anatomy has
      been significantly reduced to accommodate new knowledge in cellular and sub
      cellular structures and other disciplines. That common foundation of knowledge,
      skills, values, and attitudes essential to all physicians regardless of specialty
      is ever-changing and often debated by medical school faculty members. However,
      two facts are generally agreed upon: that today's medical student with a broad
      but perhaps thin base in science and limited direct clinical experience is not
      competent upon graduation to assume patient care responsibilities without
      supervision and that as a result, the formal education of a physician has
      expanded into the graduate domain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3706912
TI  - Surgical anatomy of the pelvic autonomic nerves. A practical approach.
AB  - Since the pelvic autonomic nerves are not distinctly seen during mobilization of
      the sigmoid colon or rectum, the surgeon must have a conceptual picture of the
      "flow" of these nerves in mind at the time of operation in order to avoid
      inadvertent nerve injury which may have serious physiologic consequences. The
      surgical anatomy of the pelvic autonomic nerves is reviewed in a concise fashion
      highlighted with updated illustrations that help simplify important anatomic
      relationships.

PMID- 3706913
TI  - Dysphagia associated with an aortic arch anomaly in adults.
AB  - Aortic arch anomalies typically become evident in early childhood with clinical
      manifestations such as cyanosis and feeding problems. Although uncommon and
      therefore not often considered, this developmental defect can cause dysphagia in
      the adult. The double aortic arch is the most common vascular ring in infants.
      Less well-known vascular rings in the adult are a right aortic arch with
      constricting left ligamentum arteriosum and an aberrant right subclavian artery.
      Dysphagia is common secondary to the constriction of the esophagus. Two patients
      recently presented to the Metropolitan Nashville General Hospital with prolonged
      history of dysphagia. Studies included barium swallow and aortogram, which showed
      right aortic arch in both patients with constricting left ligamentum arteriosum.
      The treatment for these symptomatic anomalies was division and excision of the
      ligamentum arteriosum and freeing of the esophagus. A right aortic arch on the
      chest roentgenogram in a patient with dysphagia should suggest a vascular ring as
      the etiology. If this is suspected, diagnosis is easily made and surgical
      treatment is effective. The relevant embryology will be discussed.

PMID- 3706914
TI  - The left triangular ligament of the liver and the structures in its free edge
      (appendix fibrosa hepatis) in Chinese and Canadian cadavers.
AB  - The left triangular ligament of the liver was studied in 42 Chinese adult male
      cadavers and 50 Canadian adult cadavers. The free edge of the left triangular
      ligament was examined histologically in 37 of the Chinese and all 50 of the
      Canadian cadavers. The average length of the left triangular ligament in the 42
      Chinese was 13.9 cm and 11.5 cm in the 50 Canadian. The Canadian sample was
      composed of 24 adult female cadavers with an average length of 10.7 cm and of 26
      adult male cadavers with an average length of 12.3 cm. In a previous study (1980)
      of 58 Chinese adult male cadavers, the average length of the left triangular
      ligament was 12.7 cm. This resulted in an average length of 13.2 cm for the 100
      Chinese cadavers. These findings greatly exceed the lengths given in the
      textbooks, and there is no significant difference between the male Chinese and
      Canadian cadavers. It was found that almost all the left triangular ligaments
      were attached to the superior surface of the left lobe of the liver. The left
      suprahepatic space was subdivided by this ligament into anterior and posterior
      spaces. Each of the left triangular ligaments had a long free edge which extended
      from the lateral extremity of the left lobe of the liver to the diaphragm.
      Histological examination of the free edges revealed the presence of blood vessels
      in all of the 37 Chinese suitable for study and the 50 Canadian
      cadavers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3706915
TI  - Venous segmentation of the human spleen. A corrosion cast study.
AB  - Partial splenectomy is possible because of vascular segmentation of this organ.
      Although interest has focused upon arterial supply, this study shows similar
      venous segmentation. Emerging splenic veins in excess of 1.7 mm at the hilum of
      ten unembalmed spleens were injected with different colors of modified Batson's
      compound, and corrosion casts were made. In four additional spleens, alternate
      veins and arteries were injected. Ten spleens had two primary segments (lobes);
      four had three lobes. Half of these lobes were further subdivided into two
      segments. Lobes and segments extended through the full thickness of the spleen.
      Relatively avascular interlobar planes were always approximately perpendicular to
      the longitudinal axis of the spleen, whereas intersegmental planes were more
      variable. Both interlobar and intersegmental planes frequently corresponded to
      marginal notches. When arteries and veins were both injected, similar
      segmentation was noted. Venous drainage did not overlap arterial segments,
      indicating that veins are intrasegmental. These results indicate that the
      surgical unit of the spleen can be based upon surgically accessible vessels at
      the hilum of the spleen. Identification of segmental vessels could permit salvage
      of a larger amount of splenic tissue than would be possible if only lobar vessels
      were identified.

PMID- 3706916
TI  - Accessory septum transversum. The first case report.
AB  - Duplication of the septum transversum occurred in a newborn with respiratory
      distress thought clinically to be due to diaphragmatic paralysis. Surgical
      plication of the "floppy" diaphragm was attempted via a transabdominal approach.
      The anomalous septum transversum was perceived to be the diaphragm and was
      plicated. The central tendon of the diaphragm was redundant and surgical
      plication may have improved respiratory function. In this first case report,
      embryology of the diaphragm is reviewed and correlated with autopsy findings. A
      surgical approach to possible correction is proposed.

PMID- 3706918
TI  - The clinical anatomy of the intrinsic muscles of the sole of the foot.
AB  - Lesions of the foot are common and occur at all ages. In the young, congenital
      nervous anomalies may be responsible. In adolescence, diabetic patients suffer
      frequently, and in the elderly both diabetes and arteriosclerosis take their
      toll. A method in the management of ulcers of the foot is by the transposition of
      muscle/s into the defect/s with or without the use of skin grafts to the muscle.
      To perform these procedures, a knowledge of the applied anatomy of the intrinsic
      muscles is required. Traditionally, the muscles of the sole of the foot have
      always been described in four layers, but it is more pragmatic to divide them
      into peripheral and central groups. The peripheral muscles, one long and one
      short, lie on each border of the foot and reach the proximal phalanges of the
      digits only. The central muscles are more numerous as they occupy the spaces
      formed by the longitudinal and transverse arches. Except for one muscle that runs
      obliquely and transversely to support the transverse arch, the central muscles
      run longitudinally, and are placed one on top of another, the superficial muscles
      reaching the intermediate phalanges and the deeper muscles, the distal phalanges.

PMID- 3706917
TI  - Congenital prepyloric web in a child.
AB  - A case of a child with an antral mucosal web is presented. The literature
      concerning these webs in children and adults is reviewed. Several conclusions are
      reached. First, the etiology of these webs in adults and children is different.
      Second, webs are not usually considered in a differential diagnosis of gastric
      outlet obstruction, and the correct diagnosis is often not made even with
      contrast radiography and endoscopy being employed. Thirdly, it is speculated that
      division of these webs via the endoscope is quite plausible.

PMID- 3706919
TI  - [Endotoxic shock, meningococcal shock].

PMID- 3706920
TI  - [Natural history of pollinosis in childhood].
AB  - Out of 2.513 clinical files of allergic children, we have found 200 pollen
      allergic patients, which represent 7.9% of the total allergic pathology in
      children, in our environment. We have studied in these 200, the most important
      epidemiological parameters and the influence that this can cause upon the
      characteristics of this disease. A male predominance has been found (70%) and it
      has been discovered that 52% of the total were born in spring (p less than
      0.0005). An hundred per cent have shown grass-pollen sensitiveness and 52% have
      also shown other kinds of pollen hypersensitivity. It has been found familiar
      allergic background in 76.5% of the cases and in 32.5% familiar allergic history
      of pollinosis. Unexpectedly, those who were in lack of familiar allergic history
      began their clinical symptoms earlier; 51.06% before 6 years of age (p less than
      0.05). Other kinds of allergic manifestations were found in 51%, being
      respiratory symptoms the most important (35.5%), followed by the cutaneous
      (23.5%) and digestive ones (10.5%). Allergy to drugs was found in 10.5%. The more
      frequent symptoms of pollinosis were in order of importance: rhinitis (86.5%),
      conjunctivitis (77%), asthma (48%), spasmodic cough (27.5%) and urticaria (4%).
      Asthma induced by grass-pollen hypersensitivity was equally suffered by the males
      as by the females, and this was more frequent among the patients who had
      previously suffered from non-pollinic respiratory allergies.

PMID- 3706921
TI  - [Parameters for the evaluation of perinatal well-being: fetal and placental
      weight, placental and fetal ratio].
AB  - Authors study fetal and placental weight during last weeks of gestation, as well
      as their correlations. At the end of gestation fetus grows more than placenta
      until the 40th week. From this moment, fetal growth slows and the placenta
      enlarges in order to maintain fetal homeostasis. Both ratios between placental
      and fetal weight are useful in evaluating parameters to show alterations of fetal
      and placental growth.

PMID- 3706922
TI  - [Usefulness of cerebral computed axial tomography in the early diagnosis of
      tuberous sclerosis].
AB  - Authors describe twelve children with diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis (TS) within
      the first year. All children had seizures, being infantile spasms in 7 cases
      (58%). All but one showed severe mental retardation. Hypopigmented patches in 2
      (16.6%) and retinal phakoma in one case (8.3%). Skull Rx were normal in all
      cases, while the CT showed early intracranial calcifications in the 100% of the
      patients and areas of hypodensity in the 50%. The CT is the most useful test for
      the early diagnosis of TS when the clinical diagnosis has not been firmly
      established.

PMID- 3706923
TI  - [Acute purulent pericarditis in childhood].
AB  - Four children with acute purulent pericarditis were seen at the Children's
      Hospital "La Fe", Valencia, between 1980 and 1985. Their ages ranged between 7
      months and 7 years. All patients had some other associated infection, such as
      pneumonia (1 case), pyodermitis (1 case) and sepsis (2 cases). Pathogens
      identified were Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus
      pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis. M-mode echocardiography and 2-dimensional
      echocardiography has proven to be a reliable tool in diagnosis of pericardial
      effusions. A 2-dimensional echocardiogram is indicated when a loculated
      pericardial effusions is suspected (Staphylococcus aureus pericarditis).
      Pericardiocentesis alone resulted in recovery of three patients and failed in one
      (Staphylococcus aureus pericarditis). This one was treated with pericardiectomy
      and recovered without complications.

PMID- 3706924
TI  - [Fever of unknown origin in childhood].

PMID- 3706925
TI  - [Anderson's disease. Apropos of a new case].
AB  - A new case of Anderson's disease in a 3-month-old black female infant is
      presented. This diagnosis should be considered in infants with chronic diarrhoea,
      fatty stools, failure to gain weight which may be present from birth, low serum
      cholesterol concentration (less than 70 mg/ml), low plasma triglyceride levels,
      and hypobetalipoproteinaemia. However, suspicion of diagnosis clinically can be
      certainly verified by intestinal biopsy showing characteristic epithelial cell
      pattern. Steatorrhoea may be effectively treated by substituting medium for long
      chain triglycerides in the diet. This disorder needs to be distinguished from
      familial hypobetalipoproteinaemia as well as abetalipoproteinaemia, and it
      prognosis is good, because of absence of acanthocytosis, neurological involvement
      and ocular lesions.

PMID- 3706926
TI  - [Lead poisoning. A case of polyneuropathy in an infant].
AB  - A case of a four month-old child diagnosed of lead polyneuropathy is reported. He
      has been under mechanical ventilation without significant problems for eleven
      months which has allowed respiratory neuromuscular function to recover. Skeletal
      muscle function is undergoing an awkward improvement. According to this case, in
      cases of child polyneuropathy, chance that the child might have lead poisoning
      should be considered. Finally it should be noted that supportive measures, such
      as mechanical ventilation and muscle physiotherapy, have a very important role in
      the recovery.

PMID- 3706927
TI  - [Valves of the posterior urethra: case reviews].
AB  - 13 male patients, with type-I Young urethral valves are reported. We analyze the
      most significant clinical, analytical and radiological findings of them all, at
      the diagnosis and during the evolution. The clinical course has been from 6 month
      up to 5 years, the average time being of 3 years, 3 of them have evolved towards
      a renal insufficiency. The patients diagnosed at the neonatal period (5 in our
      series) have a higher degree of obstruction producing a greater clinical and
      radiological alteration at the moment of the diagnosis and a worse prognosis in
      spite of early disobstructive measures.

PMID- 3706928
TI  - Wide complex tachycardia: misdiagnosis and outcome after emergent therapy.
AB  - The extent and consequence of misdiagnosis of wide complex tachycardia (QRS, 120
      ms or more; heart rate, 100 or more beats/min) presenting emergently were
      assessed. Forty-six consecutive episodes of wide complex tachycardia were
      reviewed and their tachycardia mechanisms subsequently established. All 8
      episodes of supraventricular tachycardia with aberrant conduction were correctly
      diagnosed, whereas 15 of 38 episodes of ventricular tachycardia (39%) were
      misdiagnosed as supraventricular tachycardia at the time initial therapy was
      given. Ventriculoatrial dissociation was evident in 11 (73%) of the
      electrocardiograms of misdiagnosed ventricular tachycardia. Patients with
      misdiagnosed episodes had poorer outcomes than those with episodes correctly
      diagnosed (p = 0.0003). Verapamil was administered to patients in 13 of the 15
      episodes of misdiagnosed ventricular tachycardia; hemodynamic deterioration
      occurred in all 13 episodes. Wide complex tachycardia is often incorrectly
      diagnosed as supraventricular tachycardia when, in fact, the 12-lead
      electrocardiogram strongly suggests ventricular tachycardia. Verapamil is
      commonly administered in these circumstances and is frequently associated with a
      poor outcome.

PMID- 3706929
TI  - Osteoporosis in men with hyperprolactinemic hypogonadism.
AB  - To ascertain the effects of chronic hyperprolactinemia and testosterone
      deficiency on skeletal integrity in men, we measured forearm bone density and
      hormone concentrations in 18 men aged 30 to 79 who had prolactin-secreting
      pituitary tumors. We also measured vertebral bone density in 12 of the men.
      Patients with hyperprolactinemia had significant decreases in both forearm (p
      less than 0.001) and vertebral bone density (p = 0.003) compared with age-matched
      controls. Cortical osteopenia was significantly related to the duration of
      hyperprolactinemia (p less than 0.01) but not to the absolute levels of prolactin
      or androgens. Seven patients had longitudinal follow-up measurements of forearm
      bone density. Normalization of serum levels of prolactin or testosterone was
      associated with an increase in forearm bone density (p less than 0.05). These
      data show that chronic hyperprolactinemia and testosterone deficiency in men have
      deleterious and previously unrecognized extragonadal effects that may be
      alleviated after normalization of hormone concentrations.

PMID- 3706930
TI  - Biliary excretion of aluminum in aluminum osteodystrophy with liver disease.
AB  - Two patients with chronic liver disease developed elevated serum aluminum
      concentrations and biopsy-proven osteodystrophy. Neither patient had chronic
      renal failure but both had received aluminum-containing antacids for long
      periods. We measured biliary and urinary aluminum excretion during antacid
      loading in patients with normal liver function. Our studies show that biliary
      excretion is an important route of elimination of orally absorbed aluminum, and
      we suggest that long-term antacid therapy in patients with severe liver disease
      be monitored with periodic serum and urinary aluminum determinations to avoid
      aluminum osteodystrophy.

PMID- 3706931
TI  - Precipitation of cardiac arrest by verapamil in patients with Wolff-Parkinson
      White syndrome.
AB  - After the administration of verapamil for rapid tachycardias, five patients
      developed ventricular fibrillation or required urgent cardioversion. All episodes
      occurred in hospital emergency rooms, and each patient was resuscitated.
      Examination of electrocardiograms confirmed the presence of the Wolff-Parkinson
      White syndrome. In four patients, the presenting tachyarrhythmia was atrial
      fibrillation with preexcited ventricular complexes, and in one patient a narrow
      QRS complex tachycardia was initially recorded. Acceleration of atrioventricular
      conduction occurred within 10 minutes of administration of verapamil, 5 to 10 mg
      intravenously. Subsequently, intracardiac electrophysiologic studies confirmed
      the presence of accessory atrioventricular pathways capable of rapid antegrade
      conduction in each patient. Because of this potentially fatal adverse response,
      verapamil should not be used in patients with atrial fibrillation and preexcited
      ventricular complexes.

PMID- 3706932
TI  - Impotence in scleroderma.
AB  - Hormonal, neurologic, and vascular factors affecting potency were evaluated in 10
      men with scleroderma and in 10 age-matched men with rheumatoid arthritis.
      Impotence was reported by 6 of the patients with scleroderma and none with
      rheumatoid arthritis. Studies of serum testosterone, free testosterone index,
      follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, estradiol,
      thyroxine, and thyrotropin did not show a hormonal basis for impotence in any
      patient. Neurologic causes were not found on physical examination. Penile blood
      pressures were markedly abnormal in 4 impotent patients, intermediate in 2
      impotent and 3 potent patients, and normal in 11 potent patients. A history of
      claudication and diminished ankle blood pressures indicated large vessel disease
      in 2 impotent patients; the remaining 4 impotent men had normal ankle pressures,
      suggesting that their poor penile blood pressures and impotence were due to small
      vessel disease, perhaps the small artery lesions of scleroderma.

PMID- 3706933
TI  - Diagnostic uses of the activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin
      time.
AB  - The activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) have
      three principal uses. In screening for coagulation disorders (or increased risk
      of postoperative hemorrhage), the tests add no information to the preoperative
      care of patients without clinical findings indicative of increased bleeding risk.
      Furthermore, the prevalence of asymptomatic congenital coagulopathies is so low
      that false-positive test results greatly outnumber true-positive results. Thus,
      clinicians may use clinical assessment to screen and should reserve coagulation
      tests to investigate patients with abnormal findings. In evaluating abnormal
      bleeding, these tests are sufficiently sensitive that if both are negative,
      further investigation of the coagulation system is obviated. If one or both tests
      are positive, the pattern of results directs further attention to limited
      segments of the coagulation sequence. In monitoring anticoagulation therapy, the
      APTT and PT tests appear to contribute to the safety and effectiveness of heparin
      and warfarin therapies, respectively.

PMID- 3706934
TI  - Should women get screening bone mass measurements?

PMID- 3706936
TI  - Fraud and irresponsible authorship.

PMID- 3706935
TI  - The diagnostic spinal tap. Health and Public Policy Committee, American College
      of Physicians.

PMID- 3706937
TI  - Cardiac risk in noncardiac geriatric surgery.

PMID- 3706938
TI  - Carcinoembryonic antigen.

PMID- 3706940
TI  - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and carbohydrate feedings.

PMID- 3706939
TI  - The likelihood ratio and diagnostic tests.

PMID- 3706941
TI  - Expression of activation antigen on lymphocytes in the acquired immunodeficiency
      syndrome.

PMID- 3706942
TI  - The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and cryptococcosis.

PMID- 3706943
TI  - Acyclovir: neurologic and renal toxicity.

PMID- 3706944
TI  - Hairy leukoplakia and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

PMID- 3706945
TI  - Calcium, race, and hypertension.

PMID- 3706946
TI  - Bone disease in alcohol abuse.

PMID- 3706947
TI  - Rapid reversal of myxedema madness with triiodothyronine.

PMID- 3706948
TI  - Mallory-Weiss tear with colonic lavage.

PMID- 3706949
TI  - Piroxicam and pancreatitis.

PMID- 3706950
TI  - Nitroprusside toxicity and low-dose infusion.

PMID- 3706951
TI  - Metoclopramide infusion with a disposable portable pump.

PMID- 3706952
TI  - Agranulocytosis and ranitidine.

PMID- 3706953
TI  - [Etiological factors of asthma and their relation with bronchial
      hyperreactivity].
AB  - As asthma is nearly always associated with non-specific bronchial
      hyperreactivity, this factor has been considered to be an essential requirement
      for the development of symptomatic asthma. Some factors appear to be inducers of
      bronchial hyperreactivity and others promotors of asthmatic symptoms. In clinical
      practice, it is very difficult to classify aetiological factors as inducers or
      promotors: there is evidence to support the fact that the same factors may cause
      both bronchial hyperreactivity and asthmatic symptoms; conversely, the evidence
      for hereditary non-specific bronchial hyperreactivity is hardly convincing. These
      observations suggest that non- specific bronchial hyperreactivity is more a
      marker of bronchial asthma than a true aetiological factor.

PMID- 3706954
TI  - [Present physiopathological concepts of asthma in adults].
AB  - Curiously enough, a kind of curse combined with therapeutic fatalism still hovers
      over bronchial asthma and a sense of hopelessness may be encountered when faced
      with this illness. This pessimism is totally unfounded. However, our therapeutic
      possibilities depend partly on a better understanding of the asthma syndrome. In
      the past, this condition may not have been recognised for what it is, that is to
      say a multi factorial syndrome resulting from the innate and the acquired, from
      specific (allergic) and/or non-specific factors. Undoubtedly, too much
      responsibility has been placed on the allergic factor in asthma. Although
      important, it has made us overlook the fact that, allergic or not, asthma is an
      inflammatory illness of the bronchi provoked by the liberation of mediators. The
      role of histamine has been well known for a long time and we now realise the
      importance of the actions of the metabolites of arachidonic acid (prostaglandins
      and thromboxanes on the one hand, leukotrienes on the other). The characteristics
      bronchial hyperreactivity observed in asthma may certainly be congenital but this
      factor may also be acquired as in professional and post-viral asthma. If
      bronchial asthma remains under-diagnosed and under-treated in France and in
      Europe it is due to the fact that the artificial distinction between paroxysmal
      (bronchitis called "asthmatic"), and persistent (that is to say a so-called
      asthmatic illness), is is often maintained. There is no real ground for
      maintaining this distinction. Every child with wheezy dyspnea must therefore be
      the object of a thorough, initial medical examination, including in particular a
      respiratory function exploration followed by the institution of a long-term,
      coherent therapeutic strategy.

PMID- 3706955
TI  - [Allergologic study of allergic asthma and therapeutic implications].
AB  - The diagnosis of allergic asthma is based on a number of clinical and
      paraclinical findings which should allow the appropriate therapeutic decisions to
      be taken. The following diagnostic procedures are available to the clinician: the
      clinical history which is always of prime importance, skin tests, second stage of
      diagnosis, total serum and specific IgE (RAST) concentrations demonstrate an IgE
      dependent mechanism, the human basophil degranulation test (HBDT) to assess
      cellular sensitivity, bronchial or nasal provocation tests which finally
      demonstrate the responsibility of the causative allergen. In practice, the
      clinical history, skin tests and the RAST are sufficient to establish the
      diagnosis of allergy and to take the appropriate therapeutic measures: eviction,
      antidegranulation therapy or specific immunotherapy.

PMID- 3706956
TI  - [Pulmonary eosinophilia in asthmatic patients: after radiography, bronchoalveolar
      lavage].
AB  - The technique of broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) can be used without difficulty in
      asthmatic patients. The authors studied 17 patients with high eosinophil counts
      (greater than 20 p. 100) and followed them up for 6 to 12 months. An increase in
      total cell counts in BAL was observed which was in direct correlation with the
      percentage of eosinophils; chest X-ray showed no evidence of pulmonary
      infiltration in any of the cases; 9 patients were steroid dependent. These
      observations indicate that radiological pulmonary infiltrates in asthmatic
      patients which is a real disease entity does not cover the whole spectrum of deep
      pulmonary changes in this condition. Broncho-alveolar lavage is a valuable mean
      of assessing the degree of local eosinophilia to compare the inflammatory disease
      of the distal airways with the rest of the asthmatic changes. It may contribute
      to a better understanding of the asthmatic syndrome; many facets of which are
      indeed still obscure.

PMID- 3706957
TI  - [Corticotherapy in asthma].
AB  - The author summarises the modes of action of steroids in asthma and then reviews
      the treatment of acute asthmatic attacks and long-term steroid treatment. In
      acute situations steroids are very effective but their onset of action is
      relatively slow, even when administered intravenously. In practice, beta-2
      adrenergic drugs have to be added to steroids for the treatment of acute
      asthmatic attacks. In long-term treatment, steroids are very effective but the
      risks of the treatment must also be considered. The first rule is to try and use
      intermittent treatment, either with alternative steroids or with treatment 5 or 7
      days every fortnight. Synthetic ACTH can be added to steroids. Aerosols now play
      an important role which should become important when the dosages of the puffs are
      increased. These methods will enable the long-term use of steroids with fewer
      side effects. This may either be obtained rapidly by beta-2 adrenergic drugs or
      more slowly with steroids when there are inflammatory lesions of the bronchial
      mucosa.

PMID- 3706958
TI  - [Risk indicators of reaginic allergy. II. Presence of anti-acarian and/or anti
      timothy grass pollen IgE related to birth date and family history].
AB  - One thousand three hundred and fifty-three presumed allergic children under 13
      years were studied. Frequencies of biological sensitization (evaluated by
      PHADEBAS RAST tests) to two major antigens--Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and
      timothy grass pollen--were compared. The ratio of these frequencies varies with
      birth season and family history. Thus it is suggested that two different
      physiopathologic mechanisms could play a role in the development of allergic
      diseases.

PMID- 3706959
TI  - [Treatment of severe acute asthma in adults].
AB  - Although abnormal blood gases are unusual in status asthmaticus, hypercapnia
      indicates a considerable increase in bronchial resistance. The authors report
      their experience of 106 personal cases of acute severe asthma. Emergency
      management of acute respiratory failure consisted in symptomatic therapy (low
      rate oxygen or mechanical ventilation after nasal intubation). Corticosteroids,
      rehydration, antibiotics and beta-2 adrenergic agents were associated. Mechanical
      ventilation was necessary in patients who developed alterations of consciousness
      or PaCO2 above 60 mm Hg (8 kPa). In respirator-patients, sedative drugs were
      needed. Terbutaline and salbutamol were occasionally beneficial but epinephrine
      remains the drug of choice. In our series of 106 cases (79 with hypercapnia) the
      overall mortality was 3.8 p. 100. Of the 33 cases who underwent mechanical
      ventilation, there were 4 deaths (12 p. 100). A review of the literature showed a
      much higher mortality in other series.

PMID- 3706960
TI  - [Continuous treatment of asthma. Modalities, indications, monitoring].
AB  - Long-term treatment must be considered in cases of chronic asthma. Its main
      purpose is to suppress or decrease the frequency of acute dyspneic episodes;
      however, it may be more difficult to improve the bronchial obstruction of the
      patients. In allergic broncho-pulmonary aspergillosis, the treatment aims to
      prevent irreversible bronchiectasis. The methods and surveillance of long-term
      treatment are discussed.

PMID- 3706961
TI  - [Evaluation of the prevalence of pathology of drug origin in a department of
      internal medicine].
AB  - The authors report the results of a one year study carried out in the Department
      of Internal Medicine at Laennec Hospital. Out of a total of 1334 hospitalisation,
      95 had drug side effects (7.1 p. 100) and 3.5 p. 100 of admissions were directly
      related to a iatrogenic complication. These complications were more common in
      women and elderly patients. Sixty-two drugs were implicated: antibiotics (32.6 p.
      100), cardiovascular drugs (20 p. 100) including the diuretics (8.4 p. 100),
      antiinflammatory and antalgic drugs (16.8 p. 100), anticoagulants (8.4 p. 100),
      neuropsychiatric drugs (7.4 p. 100), oral hypoglycaemic agents (6.3 p. 100)...,
      101 side effects were observed: gastro-intestinal (35.6 p. 100) dermato
      anaphylactic (19.8 p. 100), cardiovascular (12.9 p. 100), endocrine or metabolic
      (11.8 p. 100), neuropsychiatric (10.9 p. 100), haematological (5.9 p. 100) and
      renal (4.2 p. 100). Iatrogenic complications were responsible for the admission
      to hospital of 47 patients and for 390 days of hospitalisation, costing
      approximately 380.000 FF.

PMID- 3706962
TI  - [Severe pulmonary fibrosis disclosing primary Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome. Apropos
      of 5 cases, 2 of which were fatal].
AB  - Five cases (four women and one man) with primary Gougerot-Sjogren syndromes
      presenting as interstitial pulmonary fibrosis are reported. The main point of
      interest was the severity of the pulmonary changes: effort dyspnoea from the
      outset, radiological interstitial pneumonitis, restrictive syndrome with a CO
      diffusing capacity less than 50 p. 100 of theoretical values in 4 cases. Broncho
      alveolar lavage was performed in all patients: it showed a high polynuclear
      neutrophil and particularly high eosinophil counts. Lung biopsy showed severe
      fibrotic changes. The pulmonary changes dominated the clinical presentation in
      all patients and the Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome was only diagnosed after
      systematic examination completed by biopsy of the accessory salivary glands. In
      the absence of an associated connective tissue disease, these cases of the
      Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome were considered to be primary. Four patients were given
      steroid therapy but this did not prevent a fatal outcome in two cases after 6 and
      14 months respectively. The clinical states of the other patients were unaffected
      by treatment. Twenty-one other, but less severe cases, have been previously
      reported. They confirm that interstitial pulmonary fibrosis observed during the
      Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome does not differ from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and
      that observed in other connective tissue diseases. Nevertheless, analysis of our
      cases showed that biopsy of the accessory salivary glands should be part of the
      routine investigation of apparently idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. These
      pulmonary changes may be life-threatening when associated with a primary Gougerot
      Sjogren syndrome.

PMID- 3706963
TI  - [The concept of therapeutic objection].

PMID- 3706964
TI  - [Anatomo-clinical conference. Hopital de la Pitie-Salpetriere. Case no. 1--1986.
      Prolonged fever in a pneumonectomized patient].

PMID- 3706965
TI  - [The psychological universe of the asthmatic].
AB  - The very nature of asthmatic attacks is alarming. Waiting for an attack in itself
      creates anxiety. The unpredictable nature of the condition is also anxiety
      producing. However, this type of anxiety is not simple and the patient's attitude
      to it is often ambiguous. Asthmatic patients do not have a specific type of
      personality but a neurotic and psychosomatic context is common. By psychosomatic
      we mean reactional behaviour to the disease rather than "psychogenesis" of
      attacks, although emotional factors are often observed. Asthmatic patients do not
      live alone. They live in an environment which affects them and which is affected
      by them: a special psychodynamic relationship is set up, especially in young
      patients, and not to recognise it would be to ignore part of the patient and of
      the disease.

PMID- 3706966
TI  - [Allergic vasculitis with predominantly digestive localization in an adult].

PMID- 3706967
TI  - [Pulmonary edema with low pulmonary capillary pressure in cardiogenic shock
      treated successfully by volume replacement: 2 cases].

PMID- 3706968
TI  - [Auditory localization and speech perception in noise. Preliminary study
      concerning 5 cases of perceptual deafness].
AB  - The experiments reported here examine the psychoacoustical bases for poor speech
      perception in noise by persons with sensorineural impairment. Two major
      hypotheses are tested. First, because persons with cochlear impairment are less
      able than normal-hearing persons to separate out incoming signals on the basis of
      spectral differences (a deficit referred to as reduced frequency selectivity),
      they are less able to localize one sound in the presence of other sounds. Second,
      this reduced localization ability makes it difficult for the hearing-impaired
      person to take advantage of the spatial separation of a target speech source and
      other interfering sources. Such separation is common in real environments and
      facilitates speech perception by normal-hearing persons. Tests of these
      hypotheses are conducted by means of detailed psychoacoustical measures of
      frequency selectivity, of localization and speech perception under masking.

PMID- 3706969
TI  - [Anatomy of the choanae in the newborn].
AB  - The choanal atresia is a congenital malformation and his surgical procedure need
      to clarified. Ten anatomical specimens have been studied by anatomical measures
      and CT scan evaluation of the choanal for amend. Our study allow us to predict
      before surgery the maximum dimension of the choanal opening. A large opening seem
      to prevent choanal atresia recurrences.

PMID- 3706970
TI  - [Ankylosis of the malleus head. Etiology, therapeutic indications and results].
AB  - A review of 62 cases of blockage of head of malleus showed that apart from
      secondary lesions (post-traumatic, postoperative, postinfectious), primary
      blockades were a definite entity. The latter were either isolated or associated
      with stapedo-vestibular ankylosis. Isolated blockade of head of malleus provoties
      only direct transmission deafness, and is associated in nearly all cases with a
      cochlear lesion, often bilateral, at least in the primary forms. Instead of
      simple unblocking of the attic, the treatment preferred is an ablation of the
      incus, section of head of malleus and subsequent functional gestures that are
      described.

PMID- 3706971
TI  - [Anomalies of the mastoid portion of the facial canal and their surgical
      importance].
AB  - Examination of 150 sagittal sections of temporal bone showed that anomalies of
      mastoid part of facial canal could be divided into 3 groups: abnormal deviations
      of the vertical portion, the curves or the nerve bifurcation. Deviations of the
      vertical pathway of facial nerve can be of three types in relation to the frontal
      plane: the nerve, after its second bend travels towards the tympanic cavity (9 of
      150 cases); it curves forward passing through the hypotympanum (1 of 150 cases);
      it turns backwards in the direction of the sigmoid sinus (15 of 150 cases).
      Abnormal or supplementary bends were noted in 10% of cases (15 of 150), in more
      than half of the cases the latter developing 2-3 mm from the second bend, and
      more rarely in the inferior wall of the tympanic cavity. A bifurcation of the
      nerve after its second bend was observed in only one case.

PMID- 3706972
TI  - [Radiological study of the permeability of the eustachian tube. Personal
      procedure].
AB  - An original method for visualizing the Eustachian tube using micropulverized
      barium sulfate is described. The contrast substance must be insufflated under air
      pressure into the Eustachian tube by means of a catheter. Radiologic images as
      axial projections of base of skull allow detailed analysis of anteriorly
      insufflated tubes. Analysis of findings using this method on 306 tubes showed
      that filling with contrast was total in 83.8%, partial in 11.1% and absent in
      5.1%.

PMID- 3706973
TI  - [Registry of cancers of the upper aero-digestive tract in departments of the
      North and Pas-de-Calais. Report for the year 1984].
AB  - The authors give the results of the head and neck carcinoma registry in the
      Northern France at the end of the first registration year. This registration was
      easily carried out with a pathologic diagnosis known in 99% cases. The carcinoma
      incidence is rather high in this French country: 1 636 new cases, i.e. an
      incidence about 79.5/100 000 males. The most frequent are buccopharyngeal
      carcinoma. It seems to exist some differences between different Northern
      districts which shows the necessity of epidemiologic studies and of such a
      registry.

PMID- 3706974
TI  - [Papillary carcinoma developing in thyroglossal duct cyst. Apropos of 2 cases].
AB  - The authors report two cases of papillary carcinoma of a thyreoglossal duct cyst.
      In both cases, the thyroid gland was normal. Clinical manifestations are not
      specific and the diagnosis is usually made by histopathologic examination which
      reveals in the majority of cases a papillary carcinoma. When loco-regional or
      metastatic extension are absent surgical excision of the cyst is sufficient.

PMID- 3706975
TI  - [Asbestos and cancer of the larynx].
AB  - Two hundred subjects were evaluated using a standardised questionnaire in order
      to determine possible exposure to asbestos: 50 patients with a carcinoma of the
      larynx (mean age: 59.2 +/- 1.6 years), 50 patients with a carcinoma of the
      bronchus (mean age 61.2 +/- 1.5 years) and 100 controls. Rates concerning
      exposure to asbestos were 27.8%, 23.4% and 4% respectively. The difference
      between the carcinoma patients and the controls was significant (p less than
      0.001). The mean time lapse between the first exposure to asbestos and the
      development of malignant disease was shorter for the larynx (28.5 +/- 4 years)
      than for the lung (46.2 +/- 4.2): p less than 0.01. This study confirms the
      aetiological role of asbestos in the pathogenesis of carcinoma of the larynx as
      well as carcinoma of the lung, and raises the problem of their medicolegal
      compensation.

PMID- 3706976
TI  - [Nonsurgical treatment of cystic lymphangioma].
AB  - Capillary lymphangiomas present of birth, and which have very little tendency to
      regress, must be distinguished from true cystic lymphangiomas developing after
      birth which are probably due to lymph blockade and are not true congenital
      malformations. This probably explains why the latter lesions regress either
      spontaneously or more rapidly after treatment with products such as Ethibloc. In
      the latter case, the efficacy of Ethibloc therapy appears to be equal to that of
      surgery without the formation of a scar and should therefore be tried initially
      before surgery.

PMID- 3706977
TI  - [Limits of auditory evoked potentials of the brain stem in the diagnosis of
      deafness in children].
AB  - 117 children were examined in Gatien of Clocheville during 13 months. In the same
      session behavioural audiometry and brainstem auditory evoked response audiometry
      were performed. With the click technique: BSAER do not identify tonal notchs. The
      BSAER threshold is higher than the behavioural threshold because low frequencies
      are not explored in profound deafness. It is difficult to differentiate
      conductive and perceptive deafness when wawe I is missing. Within these limits
      BSAER is powerful test in babies and children with behavioural disorders.

PMID- 3706978
TI  - [Cancers of the soft palate. Apropos of 135 cases].
AB  - Results of treatment of 135 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of soft palate
      treated between 1962 and 1983 in the ORL department of Hopital Laennec, Paris,
      showed prognosis to be related to 3 main factors. Firstly, the frequency of
      syndromes and metasynchronous multiple primary cancers. Secondly, the presence of
      local recurrences. Their frequency should be reduced by performing first
      intention excision of the tumoral site with wide extension to the anterior and
      particularly the posterior pillars, and by the routine use of induction
      chemotherapy. Thirdly, nodal recurrences that can be prevented by routine
      prophylactic treatment of bilateral cervical lymph chains.

PMID- 3706979
TI  - [Cervicofacial lymphangiomas in children].
AB  - Of 41 children, 22 girls and 19 boys, with cervicofacial lymphangioma, 31 had
      congenital lymphangiomas, 30 lymphangiomas with cervical expression but only 9
      were restricted to the neck region. Operation in 35 children showed that in 12
      cases the lymphangioma was limited in extent and failed to extend to the neck or
      parotidojugular region, and excision was complete and there were no recurrences.
      Partial excision was performed in 23 children in whom the lymphangioma extended
      to various degrees into the tongue, pharynx or larynx, and tracheotomy was
      necessary in 10 of these cases. Several operations, and particularly endoscopic
      resections, are often necessary in this type of dysembryoplasia in order to
      obtain a sufficient airway. Esthetic results are often disappointing.

PMID- 3706980
TI  - [Possibilities of preserving hearing in the surgery of acoustic neurinoma].
AB  - Between 1981 and 1984, 44 patients underwent acoustic neurinoma removal by a
      posterior cranial fossa approach in an attempt to preserve hearing. 7 tumors were
      small (less than 20 mm), 28 were medium (20 to 40 mm) and 9 large (greater than
      40 mm). Of these 44 patients, 4 had normal hearing preoperatively, 15 had
      serviceable hearing, 10 non-serviceable hearing and 15 anacousis. Postoperative
      hearing was preserved in 11 cases. Of the 19 patients with normal or serviceable
      hearing, 8 (42%) had serviceable hearing preserved postoperatively. Hearing
      preservation was achieved in 43% of small tumors, 25% of medium tumors and 11% of
      large tumors. This study stress the importance of the suboccipital approach which
      can be used in an attempt of hearing preservation whenever the patients have
      serviceable hearing preoperatively and whenever the tumor size makes it feasible.

PMID- 3706981
TI  - [Oropharyngeal aerobic flora in patients hospitalized in an ORL department].
AB  - As patients with E.N.T. carcinoma have relative frequent infectious complications
      of E.N.T. area, we have carried out a study or oropharyngeal colonization by
      aerobic bacteria and fungi in 84 hospitalized patients. The results of the tests
      are analysed according to different parameters, essentially the presence or the
      absence of neoplasia and antibiotherapy. The presence of one of these two factors
      does not substantially modify oropharyngeal flora of patients. However their
      association coincides with a height percentage of colonies of enterobacteriaceae,
      of pseudomonas and of fungi.

PMID- 3706982
TI  - [Chemotherapy at home. A new methodology].
AB  - Evolution in concepts relative to administration of cytotoxic drugs has
      reinforced interest in the use of continuous infusion therapy, a method providing
      a twofold increase in upper respiratory and digestive tract cancer response. A
      new method, developed by the authors since early 1985 allows the use of
      chemotherapy over 5 to 10 days in the patient's home. Preliminary results show an
      increase in efficacy of the therapy, and a marked improvement in the patient's
      comfort, suggesting that the indications for this new method should be enlarged.

PMID- 3706983
TI  - [Epitheliomas of the piriform sinus. Therapeutic orientation. Apropos of 642
      patients].
AB  - On the basis of 642 patients treated and followed up since 1961 at Laennec
      Hospital, the authors compare the results of radiotherapy, of surgery and of
      surgery with subsequent radiotherapy. Surgery followed by radiotherapy gives the
      best 3 and 5 year survival rates and the lowest local and lymph node recurrence
      rates. The introduction since 1970 of induction chemotherapy shows an improvement
      in local prognosis and 5 year survival. There has been a more marked improvement
      since the introduction of cisplatinum and the use of continuous infusions of
      cisplatinum and of fluoro-5-uracil with or without bleomycin.

PMID- 3706984
TI  - [Ito's hypomelanosis. Review of the literature apropos of 3 cases].
AB  - Initially described as incontinentia pigmenti achromians, Ito's hypomelanosis is
      a congenital disease characterized dermatologically by depigmented maculae
      arranged in a specific pattern. These maculae appear suddenly, unheralded by an
      inflammatory process, and are arranged on the limbs as lines and on the trunk as
      whirlwinds or mottled cakes. Other abnormalities, notably neurological,
      ophthalmic or musculoskeletal may be associated with this spray-like
      depigmentation of the skin. We report here three cases of this disease, which is
      probably more common than the scarcity of cases hitherto published would suggest.
      Case no. 1. A 9-year-old boy presented since the age of 5 with generalized
      convulsive fits predominant on the right side. Neurological examinations between
      fits were negative. IQ, FO and CT scans of the brain were normal. During the
      first months of life, the child had developed a spray-like depigmentation on the
      right half of his back and on the anterior and posterior aspects of his right
      arm. Case no. 2. A 2-year-old girl was examined for a cutaneous depigmentation
      which had developed when she was about 3 months' old and had progressively
      extended from her left knee to her left hypochondrium. Case no. 3. An 8-year-old
      girl presented with mental retardation and myopia, but also with a spray-like
      depigmentation on the left part of her chest. The skin lesion had been noticed by
      her parents after she had exposed herself to the sun in a tropical country.
      Histological examination performed in the first two patients showed some degree
      of hypopigmentation of the epidermis without pigmentary incontinence.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3706985
TI  - [Course of the dermatophytic spectrum in tinea capitis. Apropos of 124 cases seen
      in Bordeaux].
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology of tinea capitis in
      the Bordeaux area (Dermatology Unit of the Hopital des Enfants, Bordeaux) during
      a 6-year period (January, 1979 to December, 1984). Dermatophytic infection of the
      hair was proven by culture in 124 patients, 21 of whom had a negative potassium
      hydroxide direct examination. Age and sex distribution are shown in figure 1. One
      case was observed in a 15 days old infant, and 4 cases in adult females (3 young
      black mothers of affected children, 1 elderly white woman). Table I indicates the
      geographical origin of the patients and the isolates identified. The incidence of
      anthropophilic dermatophytes has increased from 13 p. 100 to 50 p. 100 since our
      previous survey (1975-1978). M. langeronii (29 cases), T. soudanense (19 cases)
      and T. violaceum (10 cases) were isolated mostly among African immigrants from
      Western tropical Africa and the Maghreb. However, 4 children of French origin
      without any history of previous sojourn in endemic areas developed tinea capitis
      due to M. langeronii; the source of contamination could not be determined.
      Zoophilic dermatophyte infection was mainly caused by M. canis (50 cases), with
      cats being the most frequent source of contamination. Family cases were frequent:
      64 corresponding to 28 families. This may be due to either interhuman
      contamination or the presence of a contact pet animal in the family. The
      discussion is focused on: the shift in dermatophytic isolates from tinea capitis
      toward anthropophilic species, notably M. langeronii, mainly caused by an
      increased immigration from West Africa; the relevant clinical and mycological
      correlations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3706986
TI  - [Clinical forms of skin manifestations in allergy to perfume].
AB  - Perfumes are increasingly used in an ever wider variety of fields, including
      perfumes proper, cosmetic products, hygienic products, drugs, detergents and
      other household products, plastics, industrial greases, oils and solvents, foods,
      etc. Their composition is usually complex; it involves numerous natural and
      synthetic sweet-smelling constituents, more than 5,000 of which are known (13).
      Perfumes may produce toxic and, more often, allergic respiratory disorders
      (asthma), as well as neurological (10) and cutaneous disorders. They are the most
      common cause of skin allergy to cosmetic products (1, 11) and one of the most
      important causes of skin allergy to topical drugs or even to syrups which may
      reactivate contact dermatitis (24). People engaged in the manufacturing of these
      products may become sensitized to perfumes.

PMID- 3706987
TI  - [Haber's syndrome. First French family (2 cases)].
AB  - Haber's syndrome is a genodermatosis first described by Sanderson and Wilson (17)
      in 1965. Pursuing Dr. Haber's work, these authors reported three cases from one
      single family presenting with the dermatosis. A second family was reported by
      Seiji and Otaki (17) in 1971; Izaka described two cases (pedigree unknown, 13)
      and two more by Kikuchi (10, 13) in 1981 and 1983. We report here two new cases
      (brother and sister) discovered in 1984 (7) and representing the first French
      family. The dermatosis is characterized by clinical, genetic and histological
      criteria. It is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait (fig. 1 and 2).
      Clinically, the face is affected by a rosacea-like dermatitis beginning in
      childhood and proceeding with pustular flare-ups. The facial lesions are
      frequently aggravated by exposure to the sun. The patients have pigmented
      keratotic lesions of the trunk resembling seborrhoeic warts. These lesions are
      very numerous and begin, on average, during the second decade of life. Some
      patients present with lesions that are diagnosed as Bowen's disease at
      histological examination (7, 17). Xerosis cutis is also present. Microscopically,
      the facial lesions consist of a necklace of basaloid cells around the hair and
      sebaceous follicles. The keratotic lesions have been reported as either intra
      epidermal epitheliomas (17), or seborrheic warts without signs of malignancy (7,
      10, 13), or equivalents of the facial lesions (19).

PMID- 3706988
TI  - [A new case of Darier's atypical tuberculous ulcers].

PMID- 3706989
TI  - [Urticarial vasculitis associated with apparently primary Gougerot-Sjogren
      syndrome].

PMID- 3706990
TI  - Incidence and intensity of Onchocerca fasciata Railliet and Henry, 1910 in local
      camels in Saudi Arabia.
AB  - Onchocerca fasciata Railliet & Henry, 1910, which occurs in subcutaneous nodules,
      shows a site preference to the anterior parts of its host, Camelus dromedarius
      L., i.e. the nuchal ligaments, neck, and shoulders. Although the incidence of
      infection was generally high (59%), the infected camels did not exhibit any
      apparent disease. The intensity of infection ranged between 2 and 29, with a mean
      of 10.8 nodules per infected host.

PMID- 3706991
TI  - Ticks of the province of Salamanca (Central/NW Spain). Prevalence and
      parasitization intensity in dogs and domestic ungulates.
AB  - By sporadic examination of 492 wild animals and regular weekly checks of dogs
      (179), cattle (288) and sheep and goats (141), 13 Ixodides were identified in the
      province of Salamanca. Some of these were only detected on the northern (I.
      ricinus) or southern (H. lusitanicum and B. annulatus) slopes of the mountains to
      the south of the province. Except for occasional introductions, H. lusitanicum
      and B. annulatus are not found on the Castillian plateau. In wild animals, 12
      species were found of which only 4 are monotropic for some of these animals. In
      dogs, the most important species were R. turanicus and R. sanguineus. The latter
      shows only one generation per year and its nymphs are held to be the most
      important vector for the cases of boutonneuse fever registered in the provincial
      setting. In cattle, R. bursa is the most important tick, in terms of its
      prevalence in June/July (adults) and from November to January (immature forms).
      It also displays a much higher parasitization intensity than that of any of the
      other 7 species found on cattle. These remaining tick species (D. marginatus, H.
      marginatum, H. lusitanicum, I. ricinus, R. turanicus, Hae. punctata and B.
      annulatus) are abundant when R. bursa is absent; that is, in spring and at the
      end of summer, which thus are periods of richness in Ixodides but of low
      parasitism intensity. The ticks found on sheep and goats are the same as those
      detected on cattle, but in some of them prevalence and intensity vary as result
      of the kind of pasture frequented by the ovine and caprine hosts.

PMID- 3706993
TI  - [Glomerular nephropathy with mesangial proliferation and acute hepatitis A virus
      infection. 2 cases].

PMID- 3706992
TI  - [Retrospective study of 88 cases of corticoid-sensitive nephroses in children].

PMID- 3706994
TI  - [Acute renal insufficiency of glomerular origin and staphylococcal infection.
      Apropos of 2 pediatric cases].

PMID- 3706995
TI  - [Chronic renal insufficiency following the insertion of a central venous
      catheter].

PMID- 3706996
TI  - [Arterial hypertension subsequent to stenosis of the inferior polar artery.
      Apropos of 2 cases].

PMID- 3706997
TI  - [Neonatal primary hyperparathyroidism in both dizygotic twins. Value of emergency
      parathyroidectomy].

PMID- 3706998
TI  - [Idiopathic hypercalciuria in children].

PMID- 3706999
TI  - [Morphological study of urinary erythrocytes in hematuria in children].

PMID- 3707000
TI  - [Long-term renal growth following surgery for vesico-ureteral reflux in
      children].

PMID- 3707001
TI  - [Retrospective study of 225 gastric cancers seen in a university hospital
      surgical unit from 1968 to 1980].

PMID- 3707002
TI  - [Simple ulcer of the small intestine].

PMID- 3707004
TI  - [Anterior luxation of the hip associated with a fracture of the anterior aspect
      of the acetabulum. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 3707003
TI  - [Adenocarcinoma developing in a rectal prolapse. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 3707005
TI  - [Our technic for surgical treatment of sliding hiatal hernia].

PMID- 3707006
TI  - [Pumps for intra-hepatic chemotherapy. Future prospects].

PMID- 3707007
TI  - [Total esophagectomy without thoracotomy. Results of a series of 33 cases].

PMID- 3707008
TI  - [Acute renal ischemia caused by medically reversible embolism of iatrogenic
      origin].
AB  - The authors present a case of acute renal ischemia resulting from embolism of its
      main artery on the occasion of the transient interruption of anticoagulant
      treatment for dental extraction, in a patient bearing a Bjork-Shiley valvular
      prosthesis in the mitral position. Its progression is marked by the complete
      repermeabilisation of the artery under heparin therapy with complete recuperation
      of renal function. This classically exceptional observation suggests that the
      delay occurring between the initial obstruction and repermeabilisation does not
      alter the degree of renal distress, the estimation of which is unpredictable. The
      relative resistance of the kidney to ischemia and the occurrence of efficacious
      fibrinolysis suggests the possibility of therapy other than surgery. Prevention
      demands the maintenance of coagulants under guarantee of local hemostatic
      processes.

PMID- 3707009
TI  - [Digital microembolism disclosing intracardiac thrombosis].
AB  - The authors report the observation of a 46 year old man with a case history of
      myocardial infarction at the age of 26 years, transient ischemic injury at 41
      years of age, and in whom a focalised digital ischemic syndrome of microembolic
      nature led to the discovery of an intracardial thrombosis which was operated upon
      and progressed without complication. Bloody microembolisms of cardiac origin may
      be selectively revealed by acrosyndromes, the diagnostic elements of which are
      mentioned. They are poorly understood conditions. Their significance must not be
      neglected because of the risk of recurrence in macroembolic form. The
      pathogenesis of these obstructions and their specific responsibility for ischemic
      cardiopathies is reviewed. It is appropriate to emphasise the novelty of this
      observation since, in the context of ischemic cardiopathies, no attention has
      been devoted to microembolisms, in contrast to the numerous publications relating
      to macroembolisms. The symptomatic treatment is unremarkable, the etiological
      treatment of intracardial thrombosis is discussed.

PMID- 3707010
TI  - [Efficacy and tolerability of a delayed-action vasodilator agent, cadralazine, in
      severe chronic cardiac failure].
AB  - The aim of this work is the evaluation of the hemodynamic effects during the 24
      hours following a single administration of a new arterial vasodilator,
      cadralazine, in 12 patients whose mean age is 66 years and who present severe
      cardiac insufficiency. A clinical and hemodynamic examination was made before
      administration of the medicine in 3 doses at 12 hour intervals in order to check
      the stationary state of the patients, and then at 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 12 h,
      20 h and 24 h after 30 mg, and then 60 mg of cadralazine. We did not observe any
      significant change in cardiac frequency, nor in the systolic arterial pressure
      nor in the diastolic arterial pressure of the pulmonary artery, after either 30
      mg or 60 mg. On the other hand, with 30 mg of cadralazine we observed a
      significant increase of the cardiac index, with a maximum between the 6th and 8th
      hour (1.58 +/- 0.51 l.min-1.m-2 before treatment to 2.66 +/- 0,75 l.min-1.m-2 8
      hours after, p less than 0.001) and a fall of total systemic resistance which
      declined from 2,478 +/- 421 dyn.s-1.cm-5 before treatment to 1,449 +/- 369 dyn.s
      1.cm-5, p less than 0.001, 8 hours after, as well as an increase in the power of
      the left ventricule (from 2.80 +/- 0.8 before treatment to 4.73 +/- 1.2 kg/min 8
      hours after, p less than 0.0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3707011
TI  - [Effects on the systemic and coronary circulation of a new IC-group anti
      arrhythmia agent: propafenone. Hemodynamic study of 10 patients in the basal
      state and under auricular electric stimulation, before and after the intravenous
      injection of propafenone].

PMID- 3707012
TI  - [Nuclear magnetic resonance. Our preliminary experience on the normal heart and
      in various cardiopathies].
AB  - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI) is applied in our department to the
      study of the normal heart and in aortic, pericardial and myocardial pathologies:
      aortic aneurysms, hypertrophic cardiomyopathies, myocardial infarction,
      pericarditis and congenital cardiopathies. The apparatus used consists of a
      resistive magnet which provides a field of 0.15 Tesla. Synchronisation with the
      electrocardiogram leads to improvement of the cardiac signals. The documents
      obtained are promising to the extent that information concerning cardiac
      structure is provided in three planes (frontal, sagittal and horizontal) and is
      complementary to that provided by echocardiography, isotopic techniques and
      contrast angiography. The future potential of the method is considerable,
      particularly in the area of tissue characterisation.

PMID- 3707013
TI  - [Experimental coronary angioplasty using hematoporphyrin coloration
      simultaneously with a pulsed laser beam].
AB  - The setting up of a reliable method for angioplasty by laser irradiation is
      based. On the one hand, on the simultaneous control of the observed thermal,
      mechanical and photochemical effects within the atheromatous material and, on the
      other, on the demonstration of the absence of effects damaging to the arterial
      tunica. Theoretical modelling and experimental use have together proved the
      unique importance of pulsed emission, which strongly reduces thermal diffusion.
      Labelling of the atheromatous plaque by a hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD), as
      exemplified in the carcinological process, cancels the superficial reflectivity
      and strongly reduces the diffusion coefficient in the plaque. It confers on it a
      spectral absorption characteristic which is the basis of the exact physical
      coupling between the frequency of the exciting radiation and the absorption which
      generates vaporization in the pathological material. The preparation of
      chemically more homogeneous HPD and the spectrometric study of other colouring
      agents in vivo point to a further development of this technique of angioplasty.

PMID- 3707014
TI  - [Statistical study of the profitability of recording cardiac electric activity by
      Holter's technic in diagnostic practice. Apropos of 200 cases].
AB  - The ambulant recording of the electrocardiogram by the Holter technique has
      become one of the non invasive examinations widely used in two indications:
      paroxysmal arrhythmias and coronary disease. However, the technical limitations
      of the method and the occasionally improper extension of the indications of
      Holter recording lead to disappointing results. The aim of this work is an
      estimation of the usefulness of Holter as a function of the desired information
      by a statistical study. Of 646 consecutive recordings, 200 were taken at random;
      169 usable ones were classed in 7 categories according to the clinical
      requirement; the overall usefulness amounts to 27.5 percent of the cases in which
      Holter permits a diagnosis. As far as paroxysmal disturbances of rhythm are
      concerned, Holter is more efficacious than the standard electrocardiogram.
      However, the efficiency of the method is low: 17.4 percent of cases when it was
      required to find a cardiac arrhythmia causing a cerebral vascular accident, and
      even lower, 5.1 percent, when a malaise was concerned. In 20 percent of the cases
      was a useful tool in diagnosing thoracic pain. In 9.5 percent of the cases the
      tracings were not interpretable owing to their poor quality. These findings urge
      more rigor in the choice of indications and a better control of technical
      problems if the efficacy of the method is to be improved.

PMID- 3707015
TI  - [Increase in the amplitude of R waves in exertion: a bad diagnostic criterion for
      coronary insufficiency].
AB  - 91 symptomatic patients were given an exercise test on a bicycle ergometer and a
      coronary arteriography test within a delay of 31 days. Of the patients (13
      females and 78 males), 35 presented with a normal coronary arteriography and 56
      presented with a pathological coronary arteriography (16 of whom had a history of
      myocardial infarction). We have studied the diagnostic value of several
      parameters taking into account changes in R waves upon exercise in V4 V5 V6 and
      changes in S waves in V1 V2. The most reliable parameter is also the easiest to
      calculate: it is considered positive when the R wave measured in V5 increases or
      does not change in the minute following cessation of exercise, as compared with
      the reference trace; it is considered negative when the R wave decreases. This
      criterion has a specificity of 60 per cent and a sensitivity of 71.4 per cent,
      and its diagnostic value is not improved by exclusion of patients with a history
      of infarction, or by exclusion of treated subjects or females. The horizontal or
      downsloping depression of the ST-segment has the same sensitivity but a better
      specificity (74%). Literature data are contradictory: some authors report that
      changes in the R wave upon exercise have a better predictive value than changes
      in the ST-segment, whereas an equal number of authors consider that the ST
      segment is more informative. These differences of opinion result from
      methodological disparities and the large number of physiopathological elements
      affecting the amplitude of R waves.

PMID- 3707016
TI  - [Should the new criteria of positivity in the exercise test be used?].
AB  - Until recent years the negative deflection of the ST-segment of an ECG was almost
      the only means of interpreting exercise tests in the diagnosis of heart disease.
      Recent publications have suggested new criteria of positivity. Most of these
      studies have focused on the absence of a decrease in the amplitude of the R wave
      in V5 or CM5 derivation, but the results tend to disagree and suffer from lack of
      reproducibility thus rendering interpretation of this criterion uncertain. Claims
      have also been made for other criteria with a predictive value at least equal to
      that of the ST-segment, but very few studies have been devoted to these criteria.
      The absence of the Q wave in V5 (three studies on a total of 278 patients) has a
      sensitivity of 82 per cent and a specificity of 76 per cent. Inversion of the U
      wave in CC5 (one study on a total of 248 patients) has a sensitivity of 21 per
      cent and a specificity of 99 per cent. Traces of the pressure in abnormally
      increased recovery (a study on a total of 87 patients) has a sensitivity of 95
      per cent and a specificity of 90 per cent. These results cannot replace those
      obtained with the ST-segment which relate to hundreds of studies on tens of
      thousands of patients. For this reason it is important to specify better the
      value of these new criteria and to assess their contribution in association with
      changes in the ST-segment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3707017
TI  - [Early exercise test after revascularization and rehabilitation].
AB  - Ergospirometry was performed on 51 patients before their discharge from hospital,
      that is between the seventh and tenth days after myocardial revascularization by
      cardiac bypass surgery. The aim of our study is to show that this type of
      measurement can be performed with reasonable safety and that it gives an accurate
      assessment of the patient's ability to withstand exercise. It employs a metabolic
      approach: study of oxygen consumption (V'O2), carbon dioxide release (V'CO2), the
      respiratory quotient (RQ), the minute ventilation (V'E) and the respiratory
      equivalent for oxygen (REO2). The patients withstood a mean load of 82 +/- 17.7
      watts for a mean V'O2 of 1.186 +/- 0.258 l/min STPD and a mean V'E of 46.5 +/- 10
      l/min BTPS. Changes in respiratory and metabolic parameters as a function of load
      are discussed, as is the advice that can be given to the patient regarding
      physical rehabilitation.

PMID- 3707018
TI  - [Trapped popliteal vein and artery].
AB  - A report is made of 3 observations of vascular constrictions in the knee hollow
      of three young adults: two constrictions of the popliteal artery, one by abnormal
      insertion of a tendon of the gastrocnemius muscle and of the arterial passage,
      the other by a fibrous band surrounding the artery. In one observation, the
      disorder was revealed by acute ischemia of one limb. The third observation was of
      a sural phlebitis with secondary repetition at the constriction of the popliteal
      vein by Soleaire's arcade. In all cases examination using the Doppler effect, in
      baseline and especially dynamic position, gives a diagnosis and allows
      postoperative monitoring. Bilateral arteriography, both static and dynamic,
      allows a precise diagnosis to be given and reveals the extent of vascular
      lesions, which conditions the operative technique. Treatment is always surgical,
      with exploration of the contralateral side if a constriction is suspected, even
      if it is asymptomatic.

PMID- 3707019
TI  - [Circumflex artery originating from the right anterior sinus of Valsalva: benign
      anomaly or a factor in myocardial ischemia? Apropos of 2 cases].
AB  - The abnormal formation of the circumflex artery from the right anterior sinus of
      Valsalva is generally considered benign and without any particular ischemic risk.
      Two cases are reported of myocardial ischemia in the region of the abnormal
      artery. In both cases an unstable angina was associated with objective criteria
      (electrocardiographic and isotopic) of myocardial ischemia. In one case the
      circumflex artery presented marked proximal stenosis compatible with the
      development of accelerated atherosclerosis. In the other case the circumflex
      artery was free of any stenosis and the ischemic manifestations observed seem to
      be due to the abnormal origin of the vessel only. Certain cases of the circumflex
      artery anomaly can, therefore, be complicated by myocardial ischemia, and the
      benign nature of the anomaly needs to be re-examined.

PMID- 3707020
TI  - [Oral propafenone in refractory arrhythmia. Apropos of 68 patients].
AB  - 68 patients with rhythmical disorders unresponsive to treatment with one or
      several antiarrhythmics (quinidine derivatives 52 patients, amiodarone 28
      patients, beta-blockers 24 patients) were treated by mouth with propafenone, with
      a mean postponement of 5.6 +/- 8.5 months (1 day to 33 months). Auricular
      arrhythmia was observed in 41 patients with the following results: 16 successes
      among the 24 patients with paroxysmal fibrillation of flutter, 3 successes among
      the 8 patients with an arrhythmia reduced by cardioversion, and 3 successes among
      the 9 patients with auricular tachycardia, including 6 systolic tachycardias. Of
      8 patients with an intranodal reciprocal rhythm, 7 were treated successfully with
      propafenone, which acts on the retrograde part of the cycle. Successes were also
      recorded in 2 out of 3 patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. In 19 cases
      of ventricular tachycardia, propafenone proved to be efficacious in 3 out of 5
      cases presenting rapid discharges and in 7 out of 14 patients with continuous
      arrhythmias, notably those with a catecholaminergic component. Side-effects were
      digestive (5 patients), cardiac decompensation (3 patients), asthenia and asthma
      (1 patient) and the transformation of a flutter from 2/1 to 1/1 (1 patient).

PMID- 3707021
TI  - Renal lactate extraction as an indicator of tissue hypoxia in haemorrhagic
      hypotension.
AB  - The interrelation between the renal cortical pO2 and renal fractional extraction
      of arterial lactate was investigated in dogs subjected to gradual haemorrhage up
      to 45-50% of their blood volume. The cortical pO2, measured by means of an
      implanted Silastic tube, responded immediately to graded haemorrhage. The renal
      lactate extraction increased parallel with the arterial lactate concentration
      when the cortical pO2 declined from the mean initial value of 36 mmHg to 15 mmHg.
      A further decline of the cortical pO2 was followed by a sharp fall in the renal
      lactate extraction. A decrease in lactate extraction correlated closely with the
      cortical pO2 below 15 mmHg during severe hypoperfusion. These results suggest
      that the changes in the renal lactate utilization are independent of the tissue
      oxygen tension until the cortical pO2 decreases to the level at which the renal
      metabolism becomes limited by the availability of oxygen. Below this cortical pO2
      the renal lactate extraction decreases in proportion to the developing tissue
      hypoxia.

PMID- 3707022
TI  - Reconstructive vascular surgery below the knee.
AB  - In a series of 38 consecutive patients with advanced peripheral vascular disease
      (i.e. rest pain) reconstructive vascular surgery was performed with the distal
      anastomosis below the knee. Ankle/arm pressure index (AAI) was 0.28 (0.11-0.47)
      preoperatively; accumulated graft patency rate was 0.47 (SD = 0.08) after one
      year, after three years 0.22 (SD = 0.08). At follow-up (June 83) 34 patients were
      still alive, 11 patients with patent grafts and an AAI of 0.87 (0.74-1.01).
      During the study 19 patients required amputation. Seven patients had an occluded
      graft, but had avoided amputation. Although the prognosis in regard to graft
      patency is poor, we still suggest that distal vascular surgery should be
      considered prior to primary amputation.

PMID- 3707023
TI  - Factors influencing 5-year survival in gastric malignancies after total
      gastrectomy.
AB  - One hundred consecutive patients were analysed who had been treated with total
      gastrectomy in the Second Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central
      Hospital, for malignancies of the stomach from 1977 to 1982. Hospital mortality
      was 8%. The 5-year survival rate in this selected group of patients was 43% and
      34% for patients with gastric cancer. Patients with metastases died within 42
      months, more than half of them within one year. However, palliative total
      gastrectomy is recommended in proximally located obstructing tumours. Radical
      operations on patients with tumour growth to adjacent tissue and organs had no
      effect on the 5-year survival rates compared to those on patients with
      metastases. Surgical removal of the primary tumour is recommended in these cases
      as well. Patients without lymph node metastases had a survival rate of 67% but
      the prognosis was even better in cases with intact serosa (96%).

PMID- 3707024
TI  - Diagnosis of acute knee ligament injuries: the value of stress radiography
      compared with clinical examination, stability under anaesthesia and arthroscopic
      or operative findings.
AB  - A consecutive series of 85 stress radiographic examinations was performed in
      order to evaluate the clinical reliability and use of stress radiography in
      disclosing acute knee ligament injuries. Eighty-three examinations were performed
      within one week of the injury. Sagittal stress examination discovered 27% of the
      37 anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears and all four posterior cruciate tears.
      Valgus stress detected 56% of the medial collateral tears. The specificity of
      stress radiography was even reduced by the number of false positive stress
      results (n = 25) in posterior drawer or valgus-varus examinations. An ACL tear
      was, however, an isolated or major ligament injury in twenty (80%) of the false
      positive results. Clinical examination revealed all the medial collateral tears
      whereas only 40% of the anterior cruciate tears. The most reliable method for
      diagnosing acute knee injuries where clinical examination has failed in
      disclosing instability is examination under anaesthesia supplemented by acute
      arthroscopy.

PMID- 3707025
TI  - Structural changes in intact tubular bone after application of axial loads by
      external fixation.
AB  - The effects of external fixation on bone structure were studied in the intact
      tibiofibular bone of the rabbit using three types of fixation; distractive,
      compressive and neutralizing. In the diaphyseal bone subperiosteal new bone
      formation was noted after three weeks in all fixation types. This formation was
      succeeded by endosteal resorption and porotic transformation of the cortical
      bone. An ultimate result was a widening of the medullary cavity. Torsion tests
      revealed weakening of the bone specimens as an end result. Axial loads, either
      compressive or distracting had no additional effect on the bone changes observed.

PMID- 3707026
TI  - Surgical treatment of ureteric stones.
AB  - 638 patients with ureteric stones have been evaluated. 174 patients (28%) were
      selected for surgical treatment. 129 out of the 174 patients initially underwent
      open surgery. In the other 45 patients the initial treatment was stone extraction
      by the Dormia technique after which 27 stones were removed successfully. In the
      remaining 18 patients catheterisation of the ureter was performed, after which
      stones passed spontaneously in 15 patients. In one patient the stone was removed
      by another attempt with the Dormia procedure and two patients underwent
      operation. At follow-up 4-6 weeks after the diagnosis of ureteric stones was
      made, no signs of stones were found by urography in either the 464 patients (72%)
      who never underwent any surgical procedure or in the patients treated by open
      surgery or other procedures. It is concluded that parameters such as degree of
      ureteric obstruction, infection, pain and stones not passed within 6 weeks are
      important factors in selection of patients for operation.

PMID- 3707027
TI  - Intra-operative prediction of post-operative low cardiac output and dangerous
      dysrhythmias associated with cardiac surgery.

PMID- 3707028
TI  - Prognostic factors in blunt chest trauma. Analysis of 652 cases.
AB  - All records of 652 patients treated for blunt chest trauma at Ulleval Hospital,
      Surgical Department 3, during the period 1973-1981 were analyzed for factors
      predictive of prognosis. Mortality for the whole group was 7.7%. Age, blood
      pressure on admission, the number of fractured ribs, the need for blood
      transfusions and the need for artificial ventilation were the most important
      predictors of prognosis. Mortality increased significantly when at least two
      extrathoracic injuries were present (22.6%). Intrathoracic injuries did not
      increase mortality in cases of isolated thoracic injuries. Combined thoraco
      abdominal injuries carried a high mortality (25%), especially when the injury had
      resulted in rupture of the diaphragm (57.1%). There were no sex-related
      differences. The majority of the patients could be handled adequately with oxygen
      support, chest drainage, physiotherapy and pain relief. The incidence of
      bronchial infection, septicaemia and hypercoagulability was significantly higher
      for patients on ventilators than for patients breathing spontaneously. Mortality
      increased when septicaemia or bronchial infection was present (30.8 and 21.9%,
      respectively). The injury severity score (ISS) for the 50 patients who died in
      the hospital was similar to that of some other reports.

PMID- 3707029
TI  - Pulmonary lymphoma or pseudolymphoma: a diagnostic dilemma.
AB  - The clinical significance of pulmonary pseudolymphoma remains unresolved. We
      report a case which highlights the lymphoma versus pseudolymphoma dilemma. An
      elderly lady followed up for more than ten years with a slowly enlarging right
      lung mass had on biopsy, lymphoid hyperplasia consistent with a lymphoma or
      pseudolymphoma. Laboratory investigations revealed hyperglobulinemia due to a
      biclonal gammopathy with elevated serum immunoglobulin M and G fractions.
      Monoclonal production of immunoglobulin is today considered more indicative of a
      neoplasia than a hyperplasia.

PMID- 3707030
TI  - Surgery in transsexuals.
AB  - A review was made of transsexual patients who presented at a clinic for
      treatment. A total of 154 patients were seen over 6 years. There were 16 female
      to male transsexuals and 138 male to female transsexuals. Psychiatric screening
      was a mandatory prerequisite. Hormonal treatment for the transsexual had been
      started with no exception, prior to consultation. The scope of surgery and its
      limitations were described to the patient. The female to male transsexual had to
      undergo a multistaged procedure that included mastectomy, hysterectomy, raising
      of the penile pedicle, mobilising of the pedicle, insertion of silicone
      stiffener, and use of testicular prosthesis. Urethral diversion was not
      attempted. The surgical technique for the male transsexual utilised an inverted U
      flap on the perineum. Bilateral orchidectomy was performed. The penile skin flap
      was filletted. The vaginal tunnel was created by sharp and blunt dissection. The
      urethra was mobilised and translocated. The excess scrotal skin formed the labia.
      The most serious complication that occurred was that of rectovaginal fistula.
      Other complications included vaginal stenosis, urethral stenosis and labial
      abscess.

PMID- 3707031
TI  - Glomerulonephritis in Singapore: an overview.
AB  - The pattern of glomerulonephritis (GN) consisting of 1057 renal biopsies is
      presented. Primary GN accounted for 91% and secondary GN 9% of which the
      commonest is lupus nephritis. Asymptomatic haematuria and proteinuria was the
      commonest mode of presentation (41%), gross haematuria 9%, nephrotic syndrome 29%
      while 5.5% presented with renal impairment and 4.3% with hypertension. Mesangial
      proliferative GN is the commonest histopathological lesion forming 66% of all
      primary GN. Minimal Lesion, Focal Global Sclerosis and Focal Segmental
      Glomerulosclerosis accounted for 7% each. Membranous GN was uncommon (3%) while
      Mesangiocapillary GN, Diffuse Endocapillary GN and Crescentic GN were even rarer.
      If the presenting feature was asymptomatic haematuria and proteinuria the likely
      diagnosis was IgA nephritis, and, if nephrotic syndrome it was likely to be
      Idiopathic Mesangial Proliferative GN but with negative staining on
      immunofluorescence. The course and prognosis of the various forms of GN are next
      discussed. Nephrotic syndrome with Minimal Lesion has an excellent prognosis
      while Crescenteric GN usually carries a grim prognosis. Finally, factors
      affecting the progression of IgA nephritis, the commonest form of GN occurring in
      Singapore are examined. Patients who developed renal failure ran two different
      courses; one was a slowly progressive course over an average of 7.7 years before
      reaching end stage renal failure (ESRF), while the other was a more rapid decline
      to ESRF within an average of 3.3 years where severe uncontrolled hypertension
      seemed to be the major adverse factor. 9% had renal impairment at the end of a
      follow up of 50 + 1/2 - 34 months while 5% progressed to ESRF. The cumulative
      renal survival was 91% after 6 years with no further loss up to 14 years.
      Unfavourable long term prognostic indices were proteinuria of more than 2 gms,
      hypertension, crescents on renal biopsy, severe segmental sclerosis and medial
      hypertrophy of blood vessels.

PMID- 3707032
TI  - Lactate production in type B hyperlactataemia due to infective encephalopathy.
AB  - We have suggested that the neuroglycopenia of infective encephalopathy results in
      increased lactate production in muscle as an alternative cerebral fuel. Two
      probable mechanisms for enhanced lactate production in infective encephalopathy
      are fatty acidaemia and increased LDH activity. Hyperglycaemia-producing
      infusions should then result in clinical and metabolic recovery. Twenty-two
      children with encepahlopathy were studied over 2 1/2 week periods. There was
      normoglycaemia at admission together with hyperlactataemia (p less than 0.004),
      fatty acidaemia (p less than 0.004) and increased serum LDH activity (p less than
      0.005). Therapeutic hyperglycaemia resulted in recovery and a progressive return
      of metabolic aberrations to normality. Two case reports detail the responses to
      such management.

PMID- 3707033
TI  - Renal tubular acidosis.
AB  - The clinical features and biochemical profile of 10 patients with Renal Tubular
      Acidosis (RTA) were described. The commonest mode of presentation was muscular
      weakness due to severe hypokalaemia in 5 patients while the other 5 presented
      with renal colic, haematuria or passage of gravel. Nine patients had
      nephrocalcinosis on X-rays and one had rickets. All the patients had Type I RTA,
      2 of whom presenting initially with Incomplete Type I RTA which progressed to
      Complete Type I RTA. Two other patients had associated features of proximal
      tubular involvement evidenced by hypophosphatemia, hypouricemia,
      hyperphosphaturia, aminoaciduria and glycosuria. Six of the 10 patients had
      secondary RTA: 2 associated with medullary sponge kidneys, 2 with gout, 1 with
      idiopathic hypercalciuria and hyperuricosuria and the remaining patient with
      systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 3707034
TI  - Subsite distribution of large bowel cancers among the ethnic and dialect groups
      in Singapore.
AB  - The subsite distribution of large bowel cancers among the major ethnic groups and
      among major Chinese dialect groups in Singapore were analysed. It was found that
      the overall pattern of subsite distribution of large bowel cancers was remarkably
      similar among the sexes, ethnic and dialect groups. There was a progressive
      increase in the proportion of cancers from the right to the left side of the
      large bowel except for a decrease in the descending colon. The similarity in the
      pattern of subsite distribution despite differences in risk suggested that some
      common pathogenetic mechanism might be operative. It is consistent with the
      concept of effective exposure of the intestinal mucosa to carcinogens. The
      finding that greater proportions of sigmoid and rectal cancers occurred among the
      older age groups gave further support to such a concept. The findings of this
      study however do not exclude the possibility of subsite differences in
      sensitivity and response to carcinogens.

PMID- 3707035
TI  - Isolation of Legionella pneumophila from hospital cooling towers.
AB  - Water from twenty cooling towers from three major hospitals (A, B, C) were
      screened for the presence of Legionella pneumophila. Three of the water specimens
      were found to be positive for the organism. Serogroup 1 was isolated from the two
      cooling towers in Hospital A, while serogroup 4 was isolated from one of the
      cooling towers in Hospital B, this being the first time L. pneumophila has been
      isolated in Singapore.

PMID- 3707036
TI  - Observations on the clinical presentations and the neuropathological findings of
      amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Australia and Guam.
AB  - Among 20 consecutive autopsies of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) occurring
      in Caucasians in Western Australia (WA), 85% were males. The median age of onset
      was 58.9 years and the average duration of illness was 2.4 years. Twenty-two
      randomly selected ALS occurring among natives in Guam also showed a male
      predominance of 75%, younger age of onset (median 48.5 years) and longer survival
      period (median 3.4 years). 45% of the WA patients presented with bulbar
      involvement at the time of first examination. These patients had the lowest
      median survival period of 1.5 years when compared with the other forms of ALS,
      the classic upper and lower motor system involvement and progressive muscular
      atrophy. Theneuropathologic lesions of ALS in WA and Guam were similar with the
      exception that neurofibrillary tangles were frequently present in the Guamanian
      brains. In 14%, neuronal loss, gliosis and frequency of tangles in the cerebral
      cortex especially in Ammon's horn, substantia nigra, and locus ceruleus, were
      sufficiently severe to indicate the coexistence of another disorder, Parkinsonism
      Dementia Complex. This condition was not clinically recognized. In the WA cases
      only one patient had tangles in the brain and he had concurrent Alzheimers
      disease. While senile plaques were present in this patient they were usually
      absent in the Guamanian brains.

PMID- 3707037
TI  - Primary scalp cancer in Singapore.
AB  - Cancers of the scalp are uncommon. Owing to their unique site they pose problems
      in surgical treatment. A retrospective study of all scalp cancers notified to the
      Singapore Cancer Registry over 17 years has shown that squamous cell carcinoma is
      the most common cancer followed by basal cell carcinoma. Other cancers are sweat
      gland carcinoma, angiosarcoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protruberans, liposarcoma,
      fibrosarcoma and malignant lymphoma. Scalp cancers are more common in Chinese and
      very rare in Indians. There is no difference in the incidence between the sexes.
      The surgical treatment and reconstructive techniques employed in 52 patients are
      described. When localised, scalp cancers are managed like other skin cancers but
      once they invade bone, they become aggressive and are difficult to eradicate.
      Wide radical excision provides cure and the skull bone if involved should be
      removed.

PMID- 3707038
TI  - Paralytic shellfish poisoning in Singapore.
AB  - Paralytic shellfish poisoning is caused by the ingestion of shellfish meat
      rendered toxic by exposure to a high level of toxic dinoflagellates during the
      phenomenon of "red tide". This paper reports the first outbreak of paralytic
      shellfish poisoning from green mussels in Singapore which resulted in two deaths.
      Analysis of the mussel meat by a standardised mouse bioassay confirmed the
      presence of the toxin. An attempt was also made to extend the bioassay to an
      analysis of the gastrointestinal contents. The clinical features of the condition
      are presented.

PMID- 3707039
TI  - Disseminated rhinosporidiosis.
AB  - This paper reports a case of rhinosporidiosis which presented with widespread
      subcutaneous nodular lesions which failed to respond to surgical excision or to
      intravenous amphotericin B. Lesions in sites away from the nasal cavities are
      usually believed to be brought about by direct infection or by fingerborne
      autoinoculation. In this case, haematogenous dissemination was shown by the
      presence of sporangia within the lumen of a blood vessel. Systemic
      rhinosporidiosis is an extremely rare condition.

PMID- 3707040
TI  - Oncocytic change in adult rhabdomyoma.
AB  - An adult rhabdomyoma was studied with the light and electron microscopes. The
      source of eosinophilia of the cytoplasm on light microscopy can be attributed to
      two components: a filamentous and a granular components. Ultrastructural studies
      displayed numerous banded myofilaments and mitochondria exhibiting varying
      degrees of abnormalities. These mitochondrial alterations were similar to those
      described in oncocytes and oncocytomas. The latter morphologic findings suggest
      that the mitochondrial abnormalities in adult rhabdomyomas represent an oncocytic
      change and that they are an integral part of the neoplastic process. Though
      primarily affecting epithelial cells, oncocytic change, may, under unusual
      circumstances, involve mesenchymal cells.

PMID- 3707041
TI  - Nonlinear growth curve analysis: estimating the population parameters.
AB  - A model for analysing longitudinal growth data with covariates is proposed. It
      assumes that the data for each individual follow a nonlinear growth model, with
      parameters unique to that individual. The parameters of individuals are assumed
      to vary in the population, with the population mean of each parameter dependent
      upon covariates. Several simple, two-stage methods of estimation are described
      and compared for making inferences about the effects of covariates upon growth.
      We also present a method of model validation for nonlinear models. These two
      stage methods solve the inference problem we encounter when performing multiple
      cross-sectional analyses of the effects of covariates along the age scale. In
      addition, these two-stage methods permit us to study the effects of covariates
      upon growth rate, or other, possibly nonlinear, growth parameters. We find that
      some methods are better than others at reproducing the covariate effects observed
      in a series of age-specific analyses of the data.

PMID- 3707042
TI  - Efficient statistical modelling of longitudinal data.
AB  - A new class of statistical models is proposed for the analysis of longitudinal
      data, especially those from growth studies. The models are all derived from a
      simple univariate two-level polynomial model. It is shown that they make
      efficient use of available data, and can handle a very wide range of problems.
      They have several important advantages over existing procedures.

PMID- 3707043
TI  - Transmission through the female line of a mechanism constraining human fetal
      growth.
AB  - Cross-breeding experiments between large and small strains of mammals have shown
      the powerful influence of the maternal organism on the control of fetal growth.
      The prepotency of a maternal regulator has also been demonstrated in humans. Our
      earlier studies indicated that this regulator acts by means of constraint; there
      is no equivalent accelerating mechanism. Data on 1092 siblings and 5207 paternal
      and maternal relatives of 986 probands show different patterns of birthweight
      among families ascertained, respectively, through very large and very small
      babies. When constraint is relaxed the Mendelian laws of inheritance are clearly
      followed. At the lower extreme there is evidence for the transmission of
      constraint through the female line only. This could be due to the maternal
      genotype, but our data suggest that a non-Mendelian path might also be involved.
      Such a process would be adaptive, facilitating fairly fast changes in fetal
      growth rate as the conditions under which a population lives deteriorate or
      improve.

PMID- 3707044
TI  - Dental and skeletal maturity in adoptive children: assessments at arrival and
      after one year in the admitting country.
AB  - Seventy-one adoptive children from Asian countries, mainly Korea, were adopted by
      Danish parents. Height and weight were measured and dental and skeletal maturity
      assessed immediately after arrival and one year later. Increase in dental age was
      in complete concordance with the time interval between the two examinations. With
      regard to skeletal age, the majority of children showed an increased maturation
      rate although some of the youngest children seemed to be further retarded in
      maturation rate during their first year in Denmark. Comparison between two
      methods for assessing skeletal maturity revealed that the 'catch up' observed for
      children above one year of age was significantly more pronounced when assessed by
      the TW-2 method than when applying the G-P method. For the Korean children height
      and weight measurements increased more than the average values for the Danish
      population.

PMID- 3707045
TI  - Menarcheal age in Cumbria.
AB  - A survey of age at menarche in north-west England, how it is affected by family
      environment and how it affects physique, was carried out on a large sample of
      schoolgirls in Cumbria. Age at menarche shows no independent effect of social
      class, but is strongly influenced by family size and also partly by position in
      family. Similar results emerge from analyses of the status quo and recall data.
      Menarcheal status differences remain associated with pronounced differences in
      height and weight when all other variables are held constant, and there is a
      slight suggestion that the effect diminishes the later the age at which menarche
      occurs.

PMID- 3707046
TI  - Growth patterns of height and weight among three groups of Samoan preadolescents.
AB  - The Samoan population affords an excellent opportunity to study the influences of
      modernization and migration on growth. Moreover, since Samoan adults in some
      settings have very high rates of obesity, the childhood precursors to obesity can
      be studied among Samoans. This study reports the results of a survey of 786
      Samoan children between 5.5 and 11.5 years of age living in traditional, modern
      or migrant situations. It was found that the children from Western Samoa
      (traditional) were significantly shorter, lighter and lighter for height than
      their counterparts in American Samoa (modern) and Hawaii (migrant). The major
      influence on height and weight appears to be modernization (Western versus
      American Samoa), with migration (American Samoa versus Hawaii) playing only a
      small incremental role (significant only for weight among boys). The influences
      of modernization are likely to be exerted through changes in diet and activity
      among the children. Modernization and migration are associated with obesity among
      Samoan adults, and this pattern also seems to be established in preadolescents.

PMID- 3707047
TI  - London Archive of Longitudinal Growth Data.
AB  - An Archive of longitudinal growth data, accessible to research workers under the
      usual safeguards, has been set up in the Department of Growth and Development.
      The present S.I.R. database contains seven British and one Indian study. The
      Archive is open to receive other contributions if researchers wish.

PMID- 3707048
TI  - Skeletal maturity of the hand and wrist in Chinese school children in Harbin
      assessed by the TW2 method.
AB  - School children aged 7 to 17 in the Northern Chinese city of Harbin have TW2 bone
      ages comparable to the British standards from age 7 to 9 in girls and 7 to 10 in
      boys. Thereafter they are some six months to a year ahead of the British
      standards.

PMID- 3707049
TI  - Comparative immunohistochemical demonstration of difucosylated carbohydrate
      antigens and CEA in adenomas and carcinomas of the rectum and rectosigmoid.
AB  - The present immunohistochemical investigation reveals that difucosylated
      carbohydrate antigens (DFCA) are extensively expressed in rectal and rectosigmoid
      carcinomas while normal mucosa and hyperplastic polyps are mainly negative. The
      adenomas showed intermediate staining patterns where adenomas with villous
      structures and moderate-severe dysplasia resembled of carcinomas. CEA was more
      extensively expressed in both normal, premalignant, and malignant tissue. Thus,
      DFCA is better than CEA as a discriminator between normal and malignant tissue in
      the distal large bowel, and may be used in future studies with the intention of
      advancing our understanding of the neoplastic process and assessing clinical
      relevance.

PMID- 3707050
TI  - Antitumour effect of benzylidene-glucose (BG) in rats with chemically induced
      hepatocellular carcinoma.
AB  - The effect of 4,6-benzylidene-D-glucose (BG) on chemically induced primary
      hepatocellular carcinomas in rats was tested after daily single injections of 85
      mg per kg body weight into the aorta through a canula implanted through the right
      carotid artery. Treatment started immediately following a biopsy confirming the
      diagnosis and continued over a period of 7 to 10 days. One day after the final
      injection the liver was removed and the animals sacrificed. Histological
      examination of the samples taken before and after treatment of the same animals
      indicated an extensive tumour necrosis after treatment. Complete or nearly
      complete tumour necrosis was found in 3 of 7 animals while no effect of treatment
      was found in only 1 animal. HPLC-chromatograms of BG indicated that the compound
      is metabolised within 1 h. A metabolite may possibly be the active component.

PMID- 3707051
TI  - Altered distribution of copper (64Cu) in tumor-bearing mice and rats.
AB  - 64Cu was injected in the form of CuCl2 either by subcutaneous or by
      intraperitoneal route, and its distribution inside different organs was analyzed
      in 5 different tumor models, 4 in mice and 1 in rats. In all organs tested
      (blood, liver, kidneys, spleen, intestine, muscle, and tumor) no significant
      differences were observed in the results obtained after either injection route.
      All tumors analyzed (Krebs ascite, intestinal Leiomyo sarcoma, human tumor,
      mammary adenocarcinoma, either spontaneous or chemically induced) contained a
      relatively high concentration of 64Cu. For all tumor models tested, the 64Cu
      distribution was altered as compared with that of the corresponding control
      animals.

PMID- 3707052
TI  - Polyclonal cervical tumors detected by flow cytometry.
AB  - In a prospective study, the tumors of 167 patients with invasive squamous cell
      carcinomas of the uterine cervix were investigated by flow cytometric
      measurements of the DNA-content. In 37 patients (22%) 2 or more stemlines could
      be detected, indicating clonal heterogeneity. The proportion of multiple
      stemlines was equal in stages IB to III but significantly higher in stage IV (p
      less than 0.01). In 14 of the 37 polyclonal tumors the DNA-value of the second
      peak was twice the value of the first peak, suggesting possible polyploidization.
      For those tumors with evidence of polyploidization that had values in the
      diploid, tetraploid or octaploid region (n = 9) the mean age was 35.6 +/- 11.7
      years and for grossly aneuploid tumors (n = 5) the mean age was 73 +/- 12.6
      years. The differences of mean age between the two groups differed significantly
      (p less than 0.001). Flow cytometry proved to be a useful, rapid, and sensitive
      method for detection of multiple stemlines.

PMID- 3707053
TI  - Antineoplastic effects of egg-white lysozyme in mice bearing solid metastasizing
      tumors.
AB  - The differential effects of the i.v. administration of egg-white lysozyme on
      primary tumor growth and on the formation of spontaneous and artificial lung
      metastases have been determined in mice bearing two rodent metastasizing tumors:
      Lewis lung carcinoma and MCa mammary carcinoma. The depression of metastasis
      formation was particularly pronounced at 50 and 100 mg/kg/day given on days
      1,5,10,15 after tumor transplantation, causing a correspondent prolongation of
      the life-span of the animals carrying artificial induced lung metastases. Contact
      between tumor cells and egg-white lysozyme seems at least partially responsible
      for the observed antitumor effects, although no direct cytotoxicity for tumor
      cells has been detected yet.

PMID- 3707054
TI  - Growth promotion of human leukemic colonies in vitro with human malignant
      effusions.
AB  - Twenty-four malignant ascites, pleural, or pericardial effusions were obtained
      from 23 patients with a variety of malignant neoplasms. Sera derived from these
      malignant effusions (ME) were tested against fetal calf serum (FCS) for its
      activity to promote in vitro growth of human acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL)
      cells, termed operationally colony promoting activity (CPA). Five ME had CPA
      levels as high as or higher than FCS, 11 ME had somewhat lower CPA than FCS (p
      less than 0.05), 8 ME had considerably lower CPA than FCS (p less than 0.01), and
      one ME had no CPA. Low CPA was not due to inhibitory activity against colony
      growth. There is suggestion that high level of CPA in ME is associated with poor
      prognosis of the patient from whom the ME is obtained. Studies of CPA in ME might
      help elucidate growth regulation of malignant cells. Moreover, ME with high CPA
      is of practical value for the growth of leukemic colonies, thus enabling in vitro
      studies such as the chemotherapy sensitivity test.

PMID- 3707055
TI  - The enigmatic role of asbestos in malignancies of the lung.

PMID- 3707056
TI  - Chromosomal changes associated with resistance to doxorubicin: correlation with
      tumorigenicity.
AB  - Chromosome analysis was performed on Friend leukemia cells sensitive and
      resistant to doxorubicin. With increasing levels of resistance, increased
      numbers, of metacentric chromosomes and several chromosomal markers were
      observed. When sensitive cells were exposed to a toxic dose of doxorubicin,
      multiple chromosomal breaks were observed in 62% of cells. In contrast, when
      doxorubicin resistant cells were exposed to cytotoxic concentrations, the
      pulverization phenomenon was not observed. This striking difference suggests a
      different mechanism for cytotoxicity in sensitive and resistant cells. Moreover,
      when logarithmically growing cells were grafted subcutaneously in DBA2 mice, the
      tumorigenic property was related to the level of doxorubicin resistance.

PMID- 3707057
TI  - Effect of varying proportions of dietary fat on the development of N
      nitrosomethylurea-induced rat mammary tumors.
AB  - The influence of diets varying in their relative proportions of dietary fat on N
      nitrosomethylurea (NMU)-induced mammary tumorigenesis, was assessed. Animals were
      initiated on day 50 of age with 25 mg/kg NMU and then placed on casein-based AIN
      76A diets containing 5, 10, 16 and 23% corn oil (wt/wt). There were 30
      animals/group and the experiment was terminated 22 weeks post-NMU. It was found
      that animals fed diets containing 16 and 23% corn oil exhibited tumor incidences
      between 2 and 3 times that of animals fed diets containing 5 and 10% corn oil. No
      differences in tumor incidence could be detected between the 5 and 10% groups or
      the 16 and 23% groups, suggesting that a threshold occurs at some point between
      10 and 16% fat (or 20 and 33% of total calories as fat). The results of this
      study suggest that the tumor-promoting effects of dietary fat are manifested in
      terms of a threshold, rather than a linear dose-response effect.

PMID- 3707058
TI  - Circulating sex steroids and sex hormone binding globulin in pancreatic
      adenocarcinoma.
AB  - Circulating total testosterone is reported to be low in pancreatic adenocarcinoma
      but the free, more biologically important fractions of sex-steroid hormones
      remain unstudied. This study further elucidates the influence of pancreatic
      cancer on circulating sex steroids. Serum testosterone, 5 alpha
      dihydrotestosterone, oestradiol and androst-4-ene-3, 17-dione and the free
      fractions of these hormones were determined in 46 patients. Control groups
      comprised healthy people (40) and patients with tumours of other primary sites
      (45). Both total (p less than 0.001) and free (p less than 0.001) androgen
      fractions were markedly decreased, free testosterone by about 17-fold, and free
      dihydrotestosterone by about 35-fold; sex hormone binding globulin levels were
      elevated (p less than 0.001) in all male cancer patients. Total oestradiol was
      elevated 2-fold in pancreatic cancer (p less than 0.01) compared with controls or
      other primary malignancy patients.

PMID- 3707059
TI  - The clinical significance of tissue polypeptide antigen in breast cancer
      patients.
AB  - TPA levels in patients with primary or metastatic breast cancer were determined.
      The rate of TPA elevations in patients with local recurrence and metastatic
      breast cancer was determined from follow-up studies. The control group included
      healthy persons and patients with benign diseases of the breast. The diagnostic
      sensitivity was influenced mainly by the disease stage. The sensitivity increased
      from 4% at stage I to 66% at stage IV. The sensitivity in patients with local
      recurrence was 23%, and 82% in patients with progressive metastatic breast
      cancer. These data are based on a reference range of 0-120 U/L TPA, which was
      calculated from the healthy control group and the benign disease group at a
      specificity level of 95%.

PMID- 3707060
TI  - Antitumor metallocenes: new developments and toxicologic features.
AB  - Recent results concerning new antitumor metallocene derivatives have shown that
      not only numerous titanocene dihalides and bis(pseudohalides) exhibit
      antiproliferative activity, but that also some titanocene complexes (C5H5)2TiX2
      containing carboxylates or hydrochlorinated aminothiophenolates as ligands X, are
      characterized by pronounced antineoplastic efficacy. Whereas antitumor activity
      of metallocene derivatives has originally been established against Ehrlich
      ascites tumor, recent experimental results demonstrate antiproliferative activity
      also against B16 melanoma, sarcoma 180, as well as against human tumors
      heterotransplanted to athymic mice. Studies upon the organ toxicity of titanocene
      dichloride indicate a pattern of toxicity markedly differing from that observed
      after treatment with cytostatic platinum compounds.

PMID- 3707062
TI  - The effect of C18 fatty acids on cancer cells in culture.
AB  - The influence of the 18 carbon chain length series of fatty acids on the growth
      of an SP210 mouse myeloma cell line were tested. The saturated fatty acid (C18:0,
      stearic acid) exhibited no cytotoxic or cytostatic effects, while the unsaturated
      fatty acids of the omega 9, omega 6, and omega 3 series proved effective in
      limiting cell growth. Although an overall concentration dependent cytotoxic
      effect was demonstrated with cis- and trans-mono- and dienoic fatty acids, within
      a narrow range of concentrations cell growth was stimulated. cis - C18:3 omega 6
      and cis-C18:3 omega 3 showed the most dramatic effects, with ID50 values of 15
      mg/ml for both, compared to ID50 values of 35 and 40 micrograms/ml with cis- and
      trans- C18:2 moeities, and ID50 values of 35 and 25 micrograms/ml with cis- and
      trans - C18:1 compounds, respectively.

PMID- 3707061
TI  - Pattern of toxicity by titanocene dichloride in mice: hematologic parameters.
AB  - Peripheral blood parameters (hematocrit, counts of RBC, reticulocytes, WBC and
      platelets, differential blood count) were analyzed after single injections of the
      cytostatic agents titanocene dichloride (TDC; ED90, 40 mg/kg; LD10, 60 mg/kg) and
      cisplatin (DDP; ED90, 10 mg/kg). Whereas DDP depressed the number of
      reticulocytes and polychromatophilic erythrocytes to near - zero level, TDC did
      not obviously affect the supply of young erythrocytes from bone marrow; RBC count
      and hematocrit values were never reduced after application either of TDC or of
      DDP. In the case of leukocytes, WBC count did not leave the normal range after
      treatment with TDC, whereas a diminution under control values was observable
      after application of DDP. Finally, the number of circulating platelets
      transiently decreased beneath control range as well after application of TDC as
      of DDP. The results indicate an only slight myelotoxicity induced by TDC, the
      platelets being the only cells affected in a reversible manner. Thus,
      myelosuppression by TDC is apparently even less pronounced than in the case of
      DDP.

PMID- 3707063
TI  - The Lukes-Collins and Kiel classifications for non-Hodgkin lymphomas. A
      retrospective study considering both classifications and their relationships to
      stage, sex, age, and survival.
AB  - 359 patients with non-Hodgkin lymphomas referred to Oulu University Hospital
      between 1964 to 1981, inclusive, were reclassified histologically according to
      the criteria of Lukes-Collins as well as Lennert's histological classifications.
      The requirements to enter this study were fulfilled only in 280 cases. After the
      evaluation of the results certain observations emerged. Firstly, within the Lukes
      Collins classification: Nodularity was predominantly related to the SC and LC
      types. Nodularity is indicative of better survival. The Lukes-Collins
      classification correlates well with clinical stage as well as with age. The
      Burkitt and convoluted types were found to be predominantly related to childhood
      or to younger patients and the non-Burkitt type most frequently to the older
      groups. The Lukes-Collins classification separates well two clear prognostic
      groups, the favourable group (LC, SC, PC, and SL types), with an overall median
      survival of 44 months, and the unfavourable group (LNC, IS, convoluted,
      undefined, and SNC types), with an overall median survival of 11 months. No
      differences in survival were observed between the LNC, LC, and IS diffuse types.
      Stage, general symptoms and laboratory findings were also evaluated. Secondly,
      within the Kiel classification: Nodularity has been found mainly in the CB-CC
      type, but also in 27% of the CC cases. The relationship of the subtypes according
      to the Kiel classification and age resembles the same relation found with the
      Lukes-Collins classification. According to the Kiel classification, the Burkitt,
      convoluted, and lymphoblastic types were related to children and young adults. A
      proportion of the LB type occurs also in older groups. Three prognostic groups
      were identified, the favourable (CB-CC foll. and PC types), with an overall
      median survival in excess of 80 months, an intermediate group (CB-CC foll. -
      diff., CC, and CLL), with an overall median survival of 38 months, and an
      unfavourable group (Conv, CB, CB-CC diff., UC, IB, and Burkitt types), with a
      median survival of 11 months. The CC type in this study was controversial in its
      morphological acceptability.

PMID- 3707064
TI  - Cytogenetic and cell cycle studies in metastatic cells from ovarian carcinomas.
AB  - Metastatic cells in 34 malignant effusions from 24 women with carcinoma of the
      ovary were analysed for numerical and structural chromosome aberrations, presence
      of cytogenetic equivalents of gene amplification, and characteristics of their
      interphase cell cycles. Besides striking deviations in chromosome number and the
      presence of conspicuous clonal and non-clonal marker chromosomes, the prevalence
      of double minutes (DM) in 22 of the 34 effusions (in 19 of the 24 patients) was
      notable. The pattern of G1, S, and G2 phase distribution evaluated, following
      induction of premature chromosome condensation (PCC), varied significantly from
      patient to patient, depending apparently on factors such as: duration of cell
      culture, therapy, peculiarities and time elapsed from the diagnosis of the
      malignancy. The introduction of the PCC-technique has commendably extended the
      possibilities of cytogenetic studies in human tumor cells.

PMID- 3707065
TI  - Selected fatty acids as possible intermediates for selective cytotoxic activity
      of anticancer agents involving oxygen radicals.
AB  - Both polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and certain anticancer agents can
      generate peroxides leading to extensive lipid peroxidation. The link between
      peroxides, PUFAs and cell killing has been examined by testing the susceptibility
      of tumor cells to peroxides generated by PUFAs. Our results demonstrate that
      gammalinolenic, arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids are highly effective in
      killing human breast, lung, and prostate tumor cells while leaving normal cells
      viable. The availability of PUFAs and the role of lipoperoxidation are discussed
      with respect to the cytotoxic action of anticancer agents involving oxygen
      radicals. The results suggest that tumor cell susceptibility to lipid peroxides
      can be selectively modulated and manipulated by dietary PUFAs, especially those
      with 3 or more double bonds, and that the suggestion that non-selective
      toxicities of drugs are mediated by lipid peroxides must be viewed with caution.

PMID- 3707066
TI  - Alternating intravenous courses of melphalan and peptichemio in high-risk
      multiple myeloma (preliminary results).
AB  - Six patients with high-risk multiple myeloma and one patient with primary
      amyloidosis were treated with a melphalan-peptichemio-prednisone association
      (PMP). The response trend seems promising, also in view of the low regimen bone
      marrow toxicity, but further studies could better evaluate the optimal PMP
      scheduling and peptichemio side effects.

PMID- 3707067
TI  - Cytogenetical observations in 100 human benign pleomorphic adenomas: specificity
      of the chromosomal aberrations and their relationship to sites of localized
      oncogenes.
AB  - Using short-term cultures, the chromosomes in 19 human benign pleomorphic
      adenomas were studied by banding methods. The results were considered together
      with 81 previously reported adenomas. This survey showed that 53% of the 100
      adenomas had a normal stemline. However, almost all cases with a normal stemline
      contained variant cells. Those with trisomy 7, trisomy 8, or loss of an X
      chromosome had progressional importance, as well as those variant cells
      containing markers composed of certain specific chromosome segments. In 47
      adenomas a total of 50 abnormal stemlines were seen. They could be divided into
      four groups: (a) A large group with chromosome 8 involvement, usually
      translocation of the segment distal to 8q12; (b) A small group with chromosome 12
      involvement, mostly translocation of the segment distal to 12q13-15; (c) A small
      group with translocations and/or deletions affecting a distal segment of either
      the short or the long arm of No. 3; (d) A small and heterogenous group with
      abnormalities which were related to those seen in variant cells from cases with a
      normal stemline. Comparisons between sites of localized oncogenes and deduced
      break points for markers in stemlines with only structural changes revealed
      accordance in 75% of the cases (33/44). It is noteworthy that almost 50% of the
      abnormal stemlines showed a proximal long-arm rearrangement of No. 8 that could
      fit with activation of the oncogene c-mos.

PMID- 3707068
TI  - The interaction of fibronectin fragments with cultured cells and isolated nuclei.
AB  - 125I-fibronectin was partially digested by trypsin and the interaction of the
      labelled fragments produced with cultured cells and isolated nuclei was studied.
      Fragments not only became associated with the surface of cultured cells but a
      significant amount of radioactivity remained associated with the cell pellet
      following trypsin treatment, indicating that certain fragments may have been
      internalized. In addition to binding at the cell surface, fibronectin fragments
      also showed the ability to bind to isolated nuclei in a dose-dependent
      nonsaturable manner. Considerably reduced binding was observed at 4 degrees C
      compared to that at 25 degrees C. Cells allowed to grow and proliferate in the
      presence of 125I-fibronectin also incorporated the label onto their cell surface.
      A significant proportion of radioactivity again remained associated with the cell
      pellet after trypsin treatment and on subsequent fractionation approximately one
      half of this radioactivity was found to co-purify with the isolated nuclear
      pellet in the form of low molecular weight peptides Mr 20,000 to 50,000.

PMID- 3707069
TI  - The mitogenic activity of a heparin-binding fibronectin fragment (Mr 35,000)
      produced by cathepsin D digestion.
AB  - Fibronectin was partially digested using the lysosomal proteinase cathepsin D and
      the fragments produced tested for their effect on the rate of DNA synthesis in
      quiescent Chinese Hamster Fibroblasts (CH23). A mitogenically active digest was
      produced after digestion of fibronectin with cathepsin D for 2 to 3h at a 1:200
      (w/w) ratio of enzyme to substrate at 37 degrees C. Affinity chromatography of
      the active digest on both gelatin and heparin 4BCl columns demonstrated that the
      active fragment was gelatin-nonbinding but heparin-binding, and therefore derived
      from one of the two or three heparin binding domains of intact fibronectin. The
      active fragment was found to have a Mr35,000 by gel filtration on sephacryl S200.
      A dose-response curve of the mitogenic fragment purified by gel filtration
      against DNA synthesis showed it to be maximally active at a concentration of
      approximately 10 micrograms/ml.

PMID- 3707070
TI  - The effect of pentagastrin on the directional migration of colon adenocarcinoma
      cells in vitro.
AB  - The centrifugal spreading of multicellular aggregates from a DMH induced colon
      adenocarcinoma cell line from rats was observed in vitro. Various concentrations
      of pentagastrin were added to the culture medium. Controls included medium alone
      or culture medium containing different concentrations of either NH4OH or NaOH
      that were needed to dissolve the pentagastrin. The migration index, the total
      surface area occupied by the cells after 7 days, and the cell density of the
      culture were measured. Using 10 micrograms/ml of pentagastrin, the migration idex
      and the area covered by the cells were increased (P less than 0.01) while the
      cell density was not. Inhibition of cell division through addition of 5 fluoro
      uracil to the culture medium abolished the stimulating effect of pentagastrin
      although the centrifugal migration was not suppressed by the antimetabolite.
      These data indicate that a supraphysiological concentration of pentagastrin can
      stimulate the spreading of colon cancer cell aggregates in vitro by enhanced
      proliferation.

PMID- 3707071
TI  - Abstracts of the First International Congress on Endocrinology and Malignancy.
      April 22-27, 1986, Rome, Italy.

PMID- 3707072
TI  - [Embolization of iatrogenic traumatic vascular lesions of the kidney. Apropos of
      25 cases].
AB  - The authors present 25 cases of traumatic iatrogenic vascular lesions of the
      kidney, treated by embolization. Twenty two patients were seen for serious
      haemorrhagic complications: the embolization restored haemostasis in all cases.
      An early precocious relapse, due essentially to the use of reabsorbable
      embolization material, was seen in 4 patients, 2 of which were able to be
      reembolized, thereby definitely stopping the haemorrhage. No immediate
      complications were noted. 5 of the 12 patients follow-up, showed signs suggestive
      of infarction, strictly localized to the corresponding segmental territory
      embolized. The use of inflatable balloons facilitates the catheterization of
      segmental renal arteries and the endovascular treatment. Therapeutic angiography
      offers a simple, efficient, and remarkably conservative treatment of vascular
      iatrogenic trauma of the kidney. Angiography defines the number, site and type of
      vascular lesions ; the embolization assures the elective treatment.

PMID- 3707073
TI  - [Lithotripsy by ultrashort pulsation. Experimental study in renal lithiasis in
      the dog].
AB  - A lithotriptor delivering ultrashort shockwaves and designed for use under
      ultrasonographic guidance has recently been developed. Immersion in water is
      unnecessary. The device was experimented in renal lithiasis in dogs. Twenty-two
      animals were treated. In seven, who served as controls, the safety of shots
      delivered in particular to the lungs, liver, bones and kidneys was demonstrated.
      Furthermore, no cardiac rhythm disorders were recorded. A human stone was
      implanted in 15 animals. The stone was successfully broken up in 12. Gross and
      microscopic examinations done 2 to 30 days after the treatment indicate that the
      shots initially produce lesions similar to a limited contusion. Healing of the
      contusion, already underway on the 8th day, is complete by the 4th week.
      Elimination of the fragments is gradual. The quality of fragmentation can be
      evaluated during the treatment session using mode A ultrasonography. These
      experimental data are evidence of the effectiveness of this second generation
      lithotriptor.

PMID- 3707074
TI  - [Treatment of superficial tumors and carcinomas in situ of the bladder by
      intravesical BCG therapy].
AB  - 89 patients with a superficial tumor of the bladder were treated with
      intravesical BCG: 150 mg of the Pasteur strain was instilled once a week for 6
      weeks, once every other week for 3 months and once a month for 2 years, in 4
      groups of patients. Group I: 20 patients with primary carcinoma in situ (CIS); 18
      have been monitored for more than 6 months: in each, cytology has become
      negative; 16 were controlled by TUR: in all but one complete regression of CIS
      was observed. Group II: 24 patients with stage O tumor; in 16, follow up is
      greater than 12 months : the recurrence rate dropped from 11.12/100 months
      patients to 1.52/100 months patients. Group III: 12 patients with stage A tumor:
      in 10, follow up is greater than 12 months; 2 patients had tumor recurrence.
      Group IV: 28 patients with stage O or stage A tumor associated with CIS; in 17,
      followup is greater than 12 months: CIS disappeared in 13, but in 2 recurrences
      were observed (stage O without CIS). In addition to irritative side effects on
      the bladder, we observed complications in four cases: epididymitis in 2 patients
      and BCG spread with granulomatous hepatitis and bronchopulmonary lesions in two
      others.

PMID- 3707075
TI  - [Pyelo-duodenal fistula complicating pyelonephritis].
AB  - The authors report a case of a pyeloduodenal fistula secondary to a gravidic
      pyelonephritis. The diagnosis was based on intravenous urography. The etiology
      was probably an unnoticed dysectasia of the pyelo-ureteral junction. The patient
      recovered following nephrectomy and duodenal suture. The authors conclude with a
      discussion of the diagnostic and prognostic interest of percutaneous nephrostomy
      in the management of this rare complaint.

PMID- 3707076
TI  - [Reno-colonic and reno-cutaneous fistula in calculous pyonephrosis. Apropos of a
      case].
AB  - The authors present a case of reno-colonic and renocutaneous fistula in a patient
      with calculous pyonephrosis. The diagnosis was established by retrograde
      pyelography as the IVP showed no contrast excretion by the right kidney. Surgical
      treatment consisted of nephrectomy, colonic fistula excision and suture of the
      colonic wall without a diversion operation.

PMID- 3707077
TI  - [The inferior vena cava: anatomic and embryologic study of its malformations].
AB  - The authors recall the anatomy and embryology of the vena cava with particular
      emphasis on MacClure's embryological scheme which explains a number of anomalies
      of the vena cava and the renal veins.

PMID- 3707079
TI  - [Urology 2001].

PMID- 3707078
TI  - [Resection of the inferior vena cava and tumor of the excretory duct: diagnostic
      and prognostic problems].
AB  - The authors present a case of transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis
      with inferior vena cava involvement. Two types of vena cava involvement are
      discussed: thrombus or nodes. The CT scan appears to be the best examination to
      preoperatively diagnose the type of invasion in order to be able to select the
      optimal treatment. However, these two types of involvement have a poor prognosis
      and surgery abstention may be justified. Chemotherapy may be useful in these
      cases.

PMID- 3707080
TI  - [Treatment of renal cancer extending supradiaphragmatically with fibrinolytics
      following surgery under extracorporeal circulation, hypothermia and circulatory
      arrest].
AB  - The authors report a case of right renal carcinoma with a supradiaphragmatic vena
      cava thrombus. The patient presented to the emergency ward with a severe
      pulmonary embolus managed by fibrinolytic treatment. After alcohol embolization
      of the tumor, the patient underwent a right radical nephrectomy with cavectomy. A
      large tumor extending to the heart was removed by cardiopulmonary bypass combined
      with hypothermia and cardiac arrest. The immediate postoperative course was
      satisfactory. Eighteen months later, a CT scan revealed a suprarenal growth. A
      cytological study was performed on a specimen obtained by percutaneous fine
      needle aspiration under CT guidance and revealed local a recurrence of the renal
      cell carcinoma. This was removed without any problems. Two years later, no
      pulmonary metastases have been noted despite, the fibrinolytic therapy.

PMID- 3707081
TI  - [Obstruction of the inferior vena cava and varicocele].
AB  - The role of the left spermatic vein as a replacement in cases of obstruction of
      the inferior vena cava is discussed in connection with a case of varicocele
      revealing a thrombosis of the inferior vena cava.

PMID- 3707082
TI  - Neuroepidemiology. Part II: Assessment of therapeutic trials.
AB  - The gold standard for therapeutic trials is the randomized, double-blind, placebo
      controlled study design. Lack of blindness and placebo makes tenuous the
      attribution of results to the specific agent; lack of randomization between
      concurrent and comparable groups makes it impossible. The chi-square test of the
      null hypothesis of no difference between treatment groups is the best method of
      assessment, as no overall rating system used in neurology is a true numerical
      scale but at best a rank-order scale. If quantitation of results is desired, a
      nonparametric rank-order test is necessary. Results over time can be assessed
      with a logrank (life-table) test for single events as end point, and by chi
      square or rank-order tests for multiple events among individual patients.

PMID- 3707083
TI  - Frontal cortex and behavior.

PMID- 3707084
TI  - Human autonomy and the frontal lobes. Part I: Imitation and utilization behavior:
      a neuropsychological study of 75 patients.
AB  - A type of pathological behavior, imitation behavior (IB), is newly described. In
      this behavior patients imitate the examiner's gestures, although not instructed
      to do so. Patients explain that they thought they had to imitate the examiner. IB
      is the first stage of utilization behavior (UB). Neuropsychological examination
      of 40 patients with IB, of 35 with UB, and of 50 disease controls demonstrates
      the existence of a frontal syndrome and two determining features of such
      behavior: dependence on (1) the social and (2) the physical environments. Loss of
      intellectual control was also required for the occurrence of such behavior. UB
      and/or IB were present in 96% of the 29 patients with focal lesions of the
      frontal lobes. Computed tomographic scans in 26 of these patients showed
      involvement of the inferior half of the anterior part of one or both frontal
      lobes. IB and UB are interpreted as release of parietal lobe activities,
      resulting from impairment of frontal lobe inhibition.

PMID- 3707085
TI  - Human autonomy and the frontal lobes. Part II: Patient behavior in complex and
      social situations: the "environmental dependency syndrome".
AB  - Imitation and utilization behavior have previously been described in terms of a
      simple interaction between an examiner and a patient, and were interpreted as an
      excessive dependence on environmental cues. In this study, patient dependence was
      observed in complex situations of everyday life. Two patients with focal
      unilateral frontal lobe lesions were observed while in a doctor's office, a
      lecture room, a car, and a garden, while visiting an apartment where various
      activities were possible, and while in a gift shop. The patients' behavior was
      striking, as though implicit in the environment was an order to respond to the
      situation in which they found themselves. The term environmental dependency
      syndrome is proposed for this condition. It implies a disorder in personal
      autonomy. Individual psychological traits influenced the way in which loss of
      autonomy was manifested. This study does not offer a physiological model of
      autonomy, but it does provide clinical and behavioral observations on the loss of
      autonomy secondary to unilateral lesions of the frontal lobe.

PMID- 3707086
TI  - Recovery of somatosensory evoked potential amplitude after movement.
AB  - Sensory transmission is known to be impaired during movement of the stimulated
      body part. The goal of this study was to determine whether sensory gating
      persists for a measurable time after completion of a voluntary movement. Tactile
      stimuli were applied to the right index fingertip at intervals ranging from 63 to
      1,000 msec after the completion of rapid thumb movement. Somatosensory evoked
      potentials (SEPs), recorded over the left cerebral hemisphere, were found to be
      reduced in size for at least 500 msec after the cessation of movement. The
      prolonged attenuation of SEPs after movement appears to depend on a central
      process that persists for a measurable time after the movement has ended.

PMID- 3707087
TI  - Granule cell deficit in the mouse cerebellum after total asphyxia.
AB  - The cerebellar granule cell continues to proliferate after birth in the mouse as
      well as in the human being. Total asphyxia in the neonatal period in 40 mice
      resulted in a 13% reduction in the granule cell number and a 7% reduction in the
      Purkinje cell number. Differential effects on granule cell and Purkinje cell
      populations were noted when particular cerebellar lobules were examined.

PMID- 3707088
TI  - Long-term follow-up of early dopa treatment in Parkinson's disease.
AB  - A group of 19 patients with Parkinson's disease, who began dopa therapy 1 to 3
      years after onset of symptoms, were followed for 12 years. They were evaluated
      every 3 to 4 months on the UCLA disability scale and the Hoehn and Yahr
      functional classification scale. This present group was compared to two other
      historical groups reported on earlier [8], one that began treatment with dopa 4
      to 6 years after onset of symptoms and the other that began dopa treatment 7 to 9
      years after onset of symptoms. Results on both scales showed that the mean
      disability scores of the three groups did not differ significantly when duration
      of disease was matched, even though duration of dopa therapy among the groups
      varied from 1 to 12 years. The highly significant differences between the groups
      prior to dopa treatment continued throughout the study. These longitudinal data
      support the conclusion that the worsening over time is the result of progression
      of Parkinson's disease and not a result of the duration of dopa treatment. Early
      treatment improves the beginning years of the disease and has no adverse effect
      on later years. Twelve years after beginning dopa therapy, 32% of the present
      group had died at a mean age of 76.0, in contrast to 50% (mean age, 74.7) and 57%
      (mean age, 71.5) in the groups who began dopa increasingly later in the course of
      their disease. Incidence of dementia increased with disease duration regardless
      of treatment duration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3707089
TI  - Effect of dexamethasone on blood-brain barrier in the normal mouse.
AB  - Dexamethasone ameliorates cerebral edema, but its effect on normal blood-brain
      barrier is unknown, as is the site of action. Sixteen normal mice were given
      dexamethasone, 3 mg/kg intramuscularly or 2 mg/kg intravenously. One to two hours
      later 10 mg of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in 0.1 ml of saline was administered
      intravenously and allowed to circulate for 15 minutes. Brain slices were examined
      by light and electron microscopy. The number of HRP-permeable arteriolar segments
      per brain was less in dexamethasone-treated than in control mice (p less than
      0.001). In addition, the number of small HRP-filled endothelial vesicles of
      capillaries and of HRP-permeable and -impermeable arterial segments was less in
      dexamethasone-treated mice than that for similar vessels in control mice (p less
      than 0.005, p less than 0.05, and p less than 0.01, respectively). The total
      number of small vesicles and the number of larger HRP-filled vesicles in
      arterioles was the same in treated and control mice. Dexamethasone therefore
      decreased the normal permeability of cerebral blood vessels to HRP. This decrease
      was accompanied by a decrease in the number of HRP-containing small endothelial
      vesicles. These data suggest that dexamethasone influences cerebral edema by
      decreasing the permeability of the cerebral vasculature for macromolecules.

PMID- 3707090
TI  - Dopamine denervation does not alter in vivo 3H-spiperone binding in rat striatum:
      implications for external imaging of dopamine receptors in Parkinson's disease.
AB  - Striatal particulate preparations, both from rats with lesion-induced striatal
      dopamine (DA) loss and from some striatal dopamine (DA) loss and from some
      patients with Parkinson's disease, exhibit increased 3H-neuroleptic binding,
      which is interpreted to be the mechanism of denervation-induced behavioral
      supersensitivity to dopaminergic compounds. After intravenous 3H-spiperone (3H
      SP) administration to rats with unilateral nigral lesions, we found no
      differences in accumulation of total or particulate-bound 3H-SP in dopamine
      denervated compared with intact striata. 3H-SP in vivo binds to less than 10% of
      striatal sites labeled by 3H-SP incubated with striatal particulate preparations
      in vitro. Quantitative autoradiography of 3H-SP binding to striatal sections in
      vitro also failed to reveal any effects of dopamine denervation. 3H-SP bound to
      striatal sites in vivo dissociates more slowly than that bound to striatal
      particulate preparations labeled in vitro. Striatal binding properties of 3H-SP
      administered in vivo are quite different from the same kinetic binding parameters
      estimated in vitro using crude membrane preparations of striatum. In addition,
      striatal binding of in vivo-administered 3H-SP is not affected by prior lesion of
      the substantia nigra, which results in profound ipsilateral striatal dopamine
      depletion. Thus, behavioral supersensitivity to dopaminergic compounds may not be
      associated with altered striatal binding properties for dopamine receptor ligands
      in vivo.

PMID- 3707091
TI  - Oligoclonal immunoglobulin bands in cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with
      lymphocytic choriomeningitis.
AB  - We describe a patient with meningitis caused by lymphocytic choriomeningitis
      virus. Oligoclonal IgG bands were found in the patient's cerebrospinal fluid
      during acute and convalescent stages of the illness, and results of liver
      function tests were abnormal. Acute attacks of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
      infection in humans can be added to the list of diseases associated with
      cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal IgG.

PMID- 3707092
TI  - Somatosympathetic reflex unilateral sweating and pupillary dilatation in a
      paraplegic man.
AB  - Sympathetic spinal reflex responses to painful stimuli have been studied in
      experimental animals, but have rarely been demonstrated in human beings. We
      report the case of a paraplegic man with a high thoracic sensory level to pain,
      who developed unilateral pupillodilatation and sweating from the head to the
      midthoracic region as a response to rib fractures below the sensory level. This
      regional sympathetic reflex response was similar in many ways to that seen in
      spinally transected animals. Regional sympathetic reflex responses may provide a
      clinically useful sign of a painful and perhaps dangerous condition which is
      located below the analgesic level in spinal cord-injured patients.

PMID- 3707093
TI  - Phosphorylation of intact erythrocytes in human muscular dystrophy.
AB  - The uptake of exogenous 32Pi into the membrane proteins of intact erythrocytes
      was measured in 8 patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. No abnormalities
      were noted after autoradiographic analysis. This contrasts with earlier results
      obtained when isolated membranes were phosphorylated with gamma-[32P]ATP, and
      suggests a possible reinterpretation of those experiments.

PMID- 3707094
TI  - Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and magnetic resonance imaging.
AB  - Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy developed in a homosexual man with
      underlying Hodgkin's disease. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging
      of the brain demonstrated multiple lesions, more in gray than white matter. Brain
      biopsy established the diagnosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.
      Magnetic resonance imaging was found useful for detecting brain lesions and for
      localizing an accessible lesion for biopsy.

PMID- 3707095
TI  - Monozygotic twins with Parkinson's disease.
AB  - A pair of monozygotic twins concordant for Parkinson's disease are described. The
      issue of genetic factors in Parkinson's disease is discussed.

PMID- 3707097
TI  - On heredity, twins, and Parkinson's disease.

PMID- 3707096
TI  - Parkinson's disease in monozygotic twins.
AB  - Recent studies of twins have demonstrated an unexpectedly low concordance of
      Parkinson's disease in monozygotic twins. Only two monozygotic twin pairs
      concordant for it have been reported. However, both pairs were atypical because
      of an early age at onset and other unusual features. We studied a monozygotic
      twin pair concordant for typical Parkinson's disease. The brothers have lived
      apart for forty years. The onset of tremor occurred three months apart, at age
      71. The progression of the symptoms has been identical. Although one of the twins
      is more severely affected, both have typical manifestations of Parkinson's
      disease that respond well to dopaminergic medication. The occurrence of
      Parkinson's disease in these monozygotic twins suggests that genetic
      susceptibility is important in the tremor-dominant variety of Parkinson's
      disease.

PMID- 3707098
TI  - Painful epileptic seizures involving the second sensory area.

PMID- 3707099
TI  - False negative latex agglutination test in cryptococcal meningitis.

PMID- 3707101
TI  - The initial diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 3707100
TI  - Ocular palsy preceding chronic relapsing polyneuropathy.

PMID- 3707102
TI  - Ablation therapy for patients with supraventricular tachycardia.
AB  - Over the past decade, a more complete understanding of the mechanisms of
      supraventricular tachycardia has made possible the development of surgical and
      catheter techniques designed to control these arrhythmias. Ablative techniques
      are generally used when the arrhythmia proves refractory to drug and/or
      antitachycardia pacing therapy or when lifelong drug therapy is believed to be
      less desirable than a potentially curative procedure. In this essay, we explore
      the known mechanisms for supraventricular arrhythmias as well as the rationale
      for the use of ablative techniques.

PMID- 3707103
TI  - Involuntary treatment in medicine.
AB  - The duty to benefit one's patient sometimes appears to conflict with the wishes
      of the patient. This conflict can be resolved by examining the nature of benefit,
      of competent choice, and of unusual and erroneous beliefs.

PMID- 3707104
TI  - Susceptibility of bite wound bacteria to seven oral antimicrobial agents,
      including RU-985, a new erythromycin: considerations in choosing empiric therapy.
AB  - The susceptibility of 93 aerobic and 59 anaerobic bacteria isolated from human
      and animal bite wounds was determined by agar dilution. No agent tested
      (penicillin, oxacillin, cephalexin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, minocycline,
      erythromycin, and RU-965) was consistently active against all isolates. A total
      of 21% of the Bacteroides species, all isolated from human bites, were resistant
      to penicillin; 14 and 18% of the Pasteurella multocida isolates were resistant to
      erythromycin and oxacillin, respectively.

PMID- 3707105
TI  - Trichodermin esterase activity and trichodermin resistance in Mucor racemosus.
AB  - Mucor racemosus exhibited inducible phenotypic resistance toward the protein
      synthesis inhibitor trichodermin. Induction of resistance was elicited by
      exposure to trichodermin or to cycloheximide. Both adapted and nonadapted cells
      took up [14C]trichodermin from the medium. Trichodermin was found to be rapidly
      deacetylated to trichodermol upon entering the cell. Adapted cells deacetylated
      the drug more rapidly than nonadapted cells both in vivo and in vitro. The
      trichodermol resulting from deacetylation appeared in the medium, but the growth
      of adapting cells began well before the total conversion of trichodermin to
      trichodermol. Based on these data and the observation that trichodermol was a
      poor inhibitor of Mucor, adaptation appears to result from deacylation of the
      active antibiotic.

PMID- 3707106
TI  - Reduction of oral flora with rifampin in healthy volunteers.
AB  - The effect of a short course of rifampin on the oral microflora was evaluated in
      17 healthy volunteers. Salivary specimens were collected before and after two 600
      mg doses of rifampin administered 6 h apart. Salivary bacteria were identified to
      species, and total quantitative colony counts were determined for each isolate.
      For all 17 subjects, treatment with rifampin led to a reduction in total
      bacterial colony counts; the mean inhibitory activity was 85.8% (range, 48.3 to
      99.8%). Both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were inhibited in every case: 45.5 to
      99.8% for aerobic bacteria, mean inhibitory activity of 85.8%; 40.9 to 100%
      inhibition for anaerobic bacteria, mean inhibitory activity of 87.6%. However,
      total counts were reduced by greater than or equal to 2 logarithms in only 18% of
      individuals; for aerobes, in 29%; and for anaerobes, in 41%. All classes of
      bacteria were inhibited, with mean inhibitory activities ranging from 8.4 to
      99.9%. However, only streptococci, Haemophilus spp., Bacteroides spp., and
      aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive nonsporeforming rods were reduced in counts
      close to 2 logarithms after treatment with rifampin. Clinical studies are needed
      to clarify the significance of these in vitro data and to delineate a possible
      role for rifampin in preoperative prophylaxis of patients undergoing head and
      neck cancer surgery.

PMID- 3707107
TI  - Sensitive high-pressure liquid chromatographic assay for amphotericin B which
      incorporates an internal standard.
AB  - We developed a rapid, sensitive, high-pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC)
      procedure which incorporates a commercially available internal standard, 1-amino
      4-nitronaphthalene, to measure amphotericin B in serum. Recovery was quantitative
      (greater than or equal to 90%), and the standard curve was linear from 0.04 to at
      least 10.0 micrograms/ml. The reproducibility of the assay was good, with
      intrarun coefficients of variation from 2.0 to 6.8% and interrun coefficients of
      variation from 4.9 to 10.0%. Comparison by linear regression analysis of the HPLC
      assay with an agar well diffusion bioassay gave a correlation coefficient of
      0.942, with the HPLC assay exhibiting greater precision and sensitivity. No
      interference was encountered from over 20 drugs and three amphotericin B analogs.
      However, serum specimens that contained high concentrations of conjugated
      bilirubin (greater than 3 mg/dl) produced interfering peaks in both this assay
      and other previously reported HPLC assays for amphotericin B. We also describe a
      solid-phase extraction procedure which effectively removes this interference and
      uses an alternative internal standard (N-acetyl amphotericin B).

PMID- 3707108
TI  - Influence of six antifungal agents on the chemiluminescence response of mouse
      spleen cells.
AB  - The luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) assay is a measure of the early
      events of phagocytosis, leukocyte activation, and immune cell interactions.
      Reduction in the CL response of immune cells may be indicative of an inhibition
      of the immune response. This study was undertaken to examine the effects of
      antifungal agents tested at concentrations above and below therapeutically
      achievable levels on the CL response of mouse spleen cells. The effects of six
      antifungal agents--amphotericin B, ketoconazole, miconazole, 5-fluorocytosine,
      Bay-n-7133, and ICI 153,066--were studied. Changes in the CL response were
      assessed in terms of peak intensity and area under the intensity-time curve
      compared with appropriate diluent controls for each drug. Only amphotericin B and
      ketoconazole caused statistically significant lowering of the peak intensity at
      levels that are therapeutically attainable (mean peak plasma levels of 2 to 4 and
      3.5 to 16 micrograms/ml, respectively). Although amphotericin B and ketoconazole
      caused reduction in the CL response, removal of the unbound drug in the
      preparation by centrifugation, washing, and suspension of cells in fresh drug
      free medium resulted in a return of CL activity equivalent to the activity
      observed in cells not exposed to these agents. These results suggest that
      amphotericin B and ketoconazole at therapeutic concentrations may cause a
      reduction in immune cell antimicrobial activity; the clinical significance of
      these observations remains to be determined.

PMID- 3707109
TI  - Activity of coumermycin against clinical isolates of staphylococci.
AB  - Staphylococci, particularly methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus
      aureus, are major nosocomial pathogens in large hospitals in eastern Australia.
      At present vancomycin is the drug of choice for the treatment of life-threatening
      methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections. A possible alternative drug is
      coumermycin, a bis-hydroxy coumarin which inhibits DNA gyrase. Coumermycin
      activity was determined against clinical isolates from the Royal Melbourne
      Hospital. MICs of 639 staphylococcal isolates were determined by agar dilution.
      MICs and MBCs of 100 staphylococcal isolates were also determined by
      microdilution methods. The results showed that coumermycin was bactericidal, with
      MBCs of less than or equal to 4 micrograms/ml against all isolates tested. The
      results indicate that coumermycin is a potential alternative to vancomycin in the
      treatment of severe staphylococcal infections.

PMID- 3707110
TI  - Serum bactericidal activity of rifampin in combination with other antimicrobial
      agents against Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - Because rifampin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus emerge during
      monotherapy with this drug, a search was made for potentially useful companion
      drugs. Bactericidal titers of spiked serum were determined, and time kill studies
      were performed for 10 strains of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus. We tested
      rifampin in combination with nafcillin, vancomycin, clindamycin, pefloxacin,
      ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim, teicoplanin, or erythromycin. The bactericidal
      activity of nafcillin, vancomycin, and teicoplanin was significantly reduced (P
      less than 0.05) when rifampin was added to the drug regimen. In contrast, the
      addition of rifampin to clindamycin or erythromycin significantly increased
      bactericidal activity as measured by both bactericidal titers in serum and 6-h
      killing rates (P less than 0.02). Bactericidal activity in serum was also
      increased by the addition of rifampin to trimethoprim, but rifampin-resistant
      strains emerged with this combination.

PMID- 3707111
TI  - Differential effect of impaired renal function on the kinetics of clavulanic acid
      and amoxicillin.
AB  - Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid are prescribed as a fixed drug combination. The
      purpose of the present study was to assess the influence of various degrees of
      renal insufficiency (glomerular filtration rate [GFR], less than 5 to greater
      than 75 ml/min per 1.73 m2) on the pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin and clavulanic
      acid following oral (500 and 125 mg of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid,
      respectively) and intravenous (1,000 and 200 mg, respectively) dosing. The volume
      of distribution and the systemic availability were independent of the renal
      function, while the total body clearance and the renal and the nonrenal clearance
      of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid decreased with decreasing renal function. The
      decrease in the total body clearance was more pronounced for amoxicillin than for
      clavulanic acid. This explains the increase in the ratio of the area under the
      plasma concentration versus time curve of amoxicillin to that of clavulanic acid
      with decreasing glomerular filtration rate after oral dosing; for example for a
      GFR of 75 ml/min, the ratio of amoxicillin to clavulanic acid was 4.9 +/- 1.2;
      for a GFR of 35 to 75 ml/min, 5.3 +/- 2.4; for a GFR of 10 to 35 ml/min, 11.9 +/-
      5.8; for a GFR of 5 to 10 ml/min, 13.4 +/- 9.1; and for patients on hemodialysis,
      14.7 +/- 5.3. Dosage recommendations are suggested which prevent undue
      accumulations of amoxicillin while maintaining adequate concentrations of
      clavulanic acid.

PMID- 3707112
TI  - Avermectin B2 O-methyltransferase activity in "Streptomyces avermitilis" mutants
      that produce increased amounts of the avermectins.
AB  - The level of activity of avermectin B O-methyltransferase, the enzyme which
      catalyzes the conversion of avermectin B components to avermectin A components,
      was analyzed in a series of "Streptomyces avermitilis" mutants selected for
      increased production of the avermectins. In all of the mutants, increased
      avermectin production was accompanied by increased avermectin B O
      methyltransferase activity. Both the average specific activity and the maximum
      observed specific activity of avermectin B O-methyltransferase increased in
      direct proportion to avermectin production. The level of avermectin B O
      methyltransferase alone did not determine the extent of conversion of avermectin
      B components to avermectin A components, since a constant ratio of B components
      to A components was maintained throughout the fermentation even though avermectin
      B O-methyltransferase specific activity varied three- to fivefold. These results
      indicate that avermectin B O-methyltransferase is not rate limiting. The
      correlation between avermectin B O-methyltransferase specific activity and
      avermectin production is compatible with the hypothesis that genes coding for
      successive steps in the same secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathway are
      coordinately regulated.

PMID- 3707113
TI  - Disposition kinetics of cefamandole during continuous ambulatory peritoneal
      dialysis.
AB  - Cefamandole disposition kinetics were examined in six male subjects with renal
      impairment who were undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
      Creatinine clearance values ranged from less than 1 to 11 ml/min. Cefamandole was
      given as a 1-g intravenous dose infused over 30 min. Cefamandole concentrations
      were determined in serum, urine, and dialysis fluid by a high-performance liquid
      chromatographic method. The following average parameter values were obtained
      (range): half-life, 6.1 h (4.6 to 9.7); systemic clearance, 21.9 ml/min (8.4 to
      35.5); renal clearance, 11.5 ml/min (0.03 to 22.3); dialysis clearance, 0.92
      ml/min (0.7 to 1.3); nonrenal clearance, 12.2 ml/min (2.9 to 27.0); volume of
      distribution, 0.18 liter/kg (0.09 to 0.25); steady-state volume of distribution,
      0.17 liter/kg (0.09 to 0.24). Approximately 5% of the dose was dialyzed (range,
      2.8 to 8.3), indicating that there is no need to supplement a dosing regimen of
      cefamandole due to loss by dialysis. There was a positive correlation between
      creatinine clearance and the terminal elimination rate constant of cefamandole
      (r2 = 0.41) and cefamandole renal clearance (r2 = 0.83).

PMID- 3707114
TI  - Failure of vancomycin prophylaxis and treatment for Actinobacillus
      actinomycetemcomitans endocarditis.
AB  - Reported is a case of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans endocarditis which
      developed after dental prophylaxis with vancomycin and erythromycin. In vitro
      results indicated that this isolate and 20 additional isolates were resistant to
      vancomycin and that potentially useful bactericidal antibiotics for the
      prophylaxis and treatment of A. actinomycetemcomitans infections included
      gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, cefotaxime, and ciprofloxacin.

PMID- 3707115
TI  - Aztreonam penetration into synovial fluid and bone.
AB  - Eighteen patients with uncomplicated degenerative joint disease requiring joint
      replacement (hip or knee) were given a single 2-g intravenous dose of aztreonam
      over a 5-min period preoperatively. The mean concentration in synovial fluid of
      83.0 +/- 9.2 micrograms/ml averaged 0.99 times the concomitant levels in serum.
      The mean concentration in cancellous bone of 16.0 +/- 4.3 micrograms/g averaged
      0.20 times the concomitant levels in serum.

PMID- 3707116
TI  - In vitro activity of clavulanic acid, amoxicillin, and ticarcillin against
      Chlamydia trachomatis.
AB  - In vitro, growth of Chlamydia trachomatis was not entirely eliminated by 960
      micrograms of ticarcillin per ml, 64 micrograms of amoxicillin per ml, 32
      micrograms of clavulanic acid per ml, a combination of ticarcillin (480
      micrograms/ml) and clavulanic acid (32 micrograms/ml), and a combination of
      amoxicillin (32 micrograms/ml) and clavulanic acid (8 micrograms/ml). However, a
      greater than or equal to 99% decrease in the number of inclusions was obtained at
      concentrations readily attainable in serum.

PMID- 3707117
TI  - Use of reflectance in soft laser densitometry in scanning opaque
      electrophoregrams. A high-resolution technique.
AB  - The present report describes a new approach in soft laser scanning densitometry
      performed on opaque electrophoregrams. The method employs a light reflectance
      system instead of absorption, which is commonly used. The data of this
      preliminary study were obtained by directly scanning a photograph of an
      electrophoregram exhibiting viral proteins separated by SDS-PAGE. Comparison of
      the two methods clearly demonstrate that laser reflectance offers finer
      resolution than laser absorbance when opaque materials are scanned.

PMID- 3707118
TI  - Growth characteristics of selected fungi on polyvinyl chloride film.
AB  - The objective of this study was to determine if plasticized polyvinyl chloride
      film would support the growth of any of nine species of fungi. The film was
      suspended in distilled water with no nutrients or with glucose or ammonium
      sulfate. Spores of each of the test species were inoculated into the suspension
      medium, and the mixture was incubated at 30 degrees C for up to 18 weeks. Most
      species were found to be capable of utilizing the film for carbon or nitrogen
      when the other nutrient was supplied. Only two species, Aspergillus fischeri and
      Paecilomyces sp., were found to be capable of utilizing components of the film
      without added nutrients. Components of the polyvinyl chloride film were then
      incorporated into mineral salts medium to determine if these components could
      serve as carbon sources in the presence of ammonium nitrate. The only component
      found to be utilized by all the fungi as a carbon source was epoxidized oil, a
      plasticizer-stabilizer. Calcium-zinc stearate was an available carbon source for
      all except the Penicillium and Verticillium strains. The only other component
      utilized was a stearamide, which was metabolized solely by the Aspergillus sp.
      Only the stearamide contained enough nitrogen to serve as a primary source in the
      film. The compound, however, did not support growth of fungi in the presence of
      glucose. It was theorized that either the nitrogen of the stearamide was more
      readily available to the fungi in the whole film due to the presence of trace
      nutrients or the nitrogen was supplied by exogenous sources.

PMID- 3707119
TI  - Fungitoxic effects of nonprotein imino acids on growth of saprophytic fungi
      isolated from the leaf surface of Calliandra haematocephala.
AB  - Four saprophytic and pathogenic fungi were isolated from the leaf surface of
      Calliandra haematocephala, a tropical legume known to contain large amounts of
      rare nonprotein imino acids in its leaves and seeds. The fungi Aspergillus niger,
      Aspergillus sp., Curvularia sp., and Penicillium sp. were cultured in the
      laboratory and tested for susceptibility to leaf extracts of the host plant and
      to proline, pipecolic acid, cis-5-hydroxypipecolic acid, and 2,4-trans-4,5-cis
      4,5-dihydroxypipecolic acid. Fungal spore germination and germ tube growth were
      measured. Aspergillus sp. was inhibited by plant extracts and by pipecolic acid
      and cis-5-hydroxypipecolic acid. Curvularia sp. growth was stimulated by plant
      extracts and by pipecolic acid. The other two fungi were unaffected by any of the
      treatments. The data indicate that imino acids may play a role in the specific
      resistance of Calliandra spp. to Aspergillus sp.

PMID- 3707120
TI  - Evaluation of culture media for recovery of Staphylococcus aureus from swimming
      pools.
AB  - Several selective media were evaluated for the primary isolation and enumeration
      of Staphylococcus aureus from halogenated indoor swimming pool waters. Standard
      plate counts of the viable population and total coliform densities were also
      determined to ascertain their value as indicator systems. All studies were done
      with membrane filters. The most selective, accurate, and reliable medium was
      Vogel-Johnson (VJ) medium supplemented with 0.5% pyruvate. This medium recovered
      two times more typical colonies than VJ medium alone, and subsequent
      identification of these well-defined black colonies proved that approximately 80%
      were S. aureus. The S. aureus recoveries correlated well with halogen levels and
      bather density use also. In contrast, VJ medium alone was 60% selective for S.
      aureus, and VJ medium supplemented with catalase did not increase either the
      percent recovery or the selectivity over that of VJ medium alone. Standard plate
      counts did not correlate with halogen levels, bather density, or total viable
      colonies. Coliforms were rarely recovered from indoor pool waters and were not
      considered to be useful indicators of water quality.

PMID- 3707121
TI  - Assimilatory reduction of sulfate and sulfite by methanogenic bacteria.
AB  - A variety of sulfur-containing compounds were investigated for use as medium
      reductants and sulfur sources for growth of four methanogenic bacteria. Sulfide
      (1 to 2 mM) served all methanogens investigated well. Methanococcus
      thermolithotrophicus and Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum Marburg and delta H
      grew well with S0, SO3(2-), or thiosulfate as the sole sulfur source. Only
      Methanococcus thermolithotrophicus was able to grow with SO4(2-) as the sole
      sulfur source. 2-Mercaptoethanol at 20 mM was greatly inhibitory to growth of
      Methanococcus thermolithotrophicus on SO4(2-) or SO2(2-) and Methanobacterium
      thermoautotrophicum Marburg on SO3(2-) but not to growth of strain delta H on
      SO3(2-). Sulfite was metabolized during growth by Methanococcus
      thermolithotrophicus. Sulfide was produced in cultures of Methanococcus
      thermolithotrophicus growing on SO4(2-), SO3(2-), thiosulfate, and S0.
      Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum Marburg was successfully grown in a 10-liter
      fermentor with S0, SO3(2-), or thiosulfate as the sole sulfur source.

PMID- 3707122
TI  - Effect of lectin on nodulation by wild-type Bradyrhizobium japonicum and a
      nodulation-defective mutant.
AB  - The nodulation characteristics of wild-type Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110 and
      mutant strain HS111 were examined. Mutant strain HS111 exhibits a delayed
      nodulation phenotype, a result of its inability to initiate successful nodulation
      promptly following inoculation of the soybean root. Previously, we showed that
      the defect in initiation of infection leading to subsequent nodulation which is
      found in HS111 can be phenotypically reversed by pretreatment with soybean root
      exudate or soybean seed lectin. This effect is not seen after pretreatment with
      root exudates and lectins obtained from other plant species. Treatment of strain
      HS111 with as little as 10 soybean seed lectin molecules per bacterium (3.3 X 10
      (-12) M) resulted in enhancement of nodule formation. Pretreatment of wild-type
      B. japonicum USDA 110 with soybean root exudate or seed lectin increased nodule
      numbers twofold on 6-week-old plants. Wild-type strain USDA 110 cells inoculated
      at 10(4) cells per seedling exhibited a delay in initiation of infection leading
      to subsequent nodulation. Wild-type cells pretreated in soybean root exudates or
      seed lectin did not exhibit a delay in nodulation at this cell concentration.
      Mutant strain HS111 pretreated in seed lectin for 0 or 1 h, followed by washing
      with the hapten D-galactose to remove the lectin, exhibited a delay in initiation
      of nodulation. Phenotypic reversal of the delayed-nodulation phenotype exhibited
      by strain HS111 was seen if incubation was continued for an additional 71 h in
      plant nutrient solution following 1 h of lectin pretreatment. Reversal of the
      delayed-nodulation phenotype of HS111 through lectin pretreatment was prevented
      by chloramphenicol or rifampin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3707123
TI  - Evolved aniline catabolism in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus during continuous
      culture of river water.
AB  - Adaptation of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus from river water to aniline depends on
      the dynamics of parent and mutant populations. The parent, Acinetobacter strain
      DON26 phenotype Ani0, was common in river water and assimilated aniline
      effectively at micromolar concentrations, but was inhibited at higher
      concentrations of aniline. The Ani0 phenotype was also characterized by a broad
      specificity for oxidation of chloroanilines by aniline-induced cells. The mutant
      Ani+ phenotype was represented by DON2, isolated from a population of less than
      100 cells ml-1 in a mixed river water culture, and by DON261, isolated during
      continuous culture of DON26. Ani+ strains assimilated aniline at a greater
      maximum specific rate than the parent and were able to grow at concentrations of
      aniline greater than 16 mM. These strains cooxidized phenol after growth at high
      aniline concentrations, but showed reduced activity toward chloroanilines. These
      changes plus kinetic data, oxygen uptake data, and the results of auxanography
      indicate that the mutant has an increased activity and altered specificity of the
      initial enzyme in the aniline catabolic pathway. The parent strain, DON26, was at
      a selective advantage relative to the mutant at low concentrations of aniline,
      but was replaced by the mutant when aniline concentrations increased. Adaptation
      of the mixed river water community to aniline involved selection of both
      phenotypes. Reversion of the Ani+ to Ani0 phenotype occurred at a frequency of
      10(-2) in the absence of aniline selection. Plasmid content was not altered
      during either acquisition or loss of the Ani+ phenotype. Adaptive changes in
      Acinetobacter spp. populations illustrate important differences in the catabolic
      activities of natural and pollutant selected strains.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3707124
TI  - Effect of culture conditions on tremorgen production by some Penicillium species.
AB  - Four strains each of seven tremorgenic Penicillium species were grown under
      various conditions and tested for tremorgen production by intraperitoneal
      injection of mice and by chemical analysis. Half of the strains had previously
      been found to be tremorgenic on bioassay after growth on Czapek Dox yeast extract
      broth or potato-milk-sucrose broth for 3 weeks at 26 degrees C. In the tests
      reported here nearly all previously nontremorgenic strains were either
      tremorgenic to mice or produced tremorgens detectable by chemical analysis but
      did so after longer incubation periods than used in the original screening.
      Bioassay was not suitable for the estimation of absolute levels but was
      preferable to chemical analysis when the identity of the tremorgens was not
      known. Species and strains within species gave different responses to changes in
      culture medium, incubation temperature, light irradiation, and shaking. Overall,
      tremorgen production was maximal at 20 or 26 degrees C, increased with time, and
      was reduced in shaken culture.

PMID- 3707125
TI  - Incidence of antibodies reactive with toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 in bovine
      milk.
AB  - Fourteen samples of bovine milk, purchased in six states, were found to contain
      significant antibody titers to toxic shock syndrome toxin 1. This reactivity
      seems to have been due primarily to antibodies of the immunoglobulin A class.
      Some of these antibodies survived the cheese-making process.

PMID- 3707126
TI  - Purification and properties of acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine-O
      acyltransferase from bovine brain microsomes.
AB  - Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine-O-acyltransferase has been purified
      approximately 3000-fold from bovine brain microsomes by detergent solubilization
      followed by ion-exchange and affinity chromatography. Polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate revealed a single
      protein of molecular weight 43,000. The specificity of the purified enzyme was
      studied by measuring the catalytic activity with various lysophospholipids and
      acyl-CoA derivatives. Of the lysophospholipids tested, only
      lysophosphatidylcholine was a substrate. Less specificity was exhibited toward
      the acyl-CoA derivatives, although the enzyme showed a clear preference for
      arachidonoyl-CoA and little or no activity with palmitoyl-CoA or stearoyl-CoA.
      High concentrations of arachidonoyl-CoA inhibited the enzyme. The velocity was a
      sigmoidal function of the concentration of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) with
      little activity obtained below 20 microM LPC. The specificity and kinetic
      properties of the enzyme were altered, however, by incorporation of the enzyme
      into liposomes composed of a mixture of phospholipids. Decanoyl-CoA and myristoyl
      CoA, which were effective substrates for the soluble enzyme, did not serve as
      acyl donors for the liposome-bound acyltransferase. Furthermore, the liposome
      bound enzyme, in contrast to the soluble form of the enzyme, was active at
      concentrations of LPC below the critical micelle concentration. The liposome
      bound enzyme was also substantially less susceptible to thermal denaturation and
      proteolytic digestion. This modulation of the acyltransferase activity by
      interaction with phospholipids may relate to the kinetic properties and the
      regulation of the enzyme in vivo.

PMID- 3707127
TI  - Modification of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A with 6-chloropurine riboside.
AB  - The chemical modification of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A by 6-chloropurine
      riboside was studied to obtain information about the role of the purine
      nucleoside moiety of the ribonucleic acid in the enzyme-substrate interaction.
      The residues involved in the reaction were identified, after performic acid
      oxidation and trypsin digestion, by reverse-phase HPLC peptide mapping. The
      labeled peptides were detected by following the absorbance at 254 nm, and amino
      acid analyses of these peptides showed that the reaction had taken place with the
      amino groups of Lys-1, -37, -41, and -91. The specificity of the reaction was
      unaffected by changing the ligand:protein molar ratio. Partial separation of the
      reaction products was accomplished by means of chromatography on CM-Sepharose:
      four labeled fractions corresponding to mono- and bisubstituted derivatives were
      found. One of the monosubstituted fractions (fraction E) contained a homogeneous
      protein with the nucleoside bound to the alpha-amino group of Lys-1 whereas the
      other (fraction D) was a mixture of derivatives labeled in the epsilon-amino
      group of Lys-1, -37, -41, and -91. Kinetic studies of these two monosubstituted
      fractions were performed with cytidine 2',3'-phosphate and ribonucleic acid as
      substrates. These derivatives showed a noncompetitive inhibition-like behavior
      with respect to RNase A. Results support the existence of several RNase A regions
      with affinity for purine nucleosides.

PMID- 3707128
TI  - Specific DNA alkylation damage and its repair in carcinogen-treated rat liver and
      brain.
AB  - The in vivo formation and repair of specific DNA lesions produced by alkylating
      agents of contrasting carcinogenic potencies were investigated. Male Sprague
      Dawley rats were treated with direct-acting alkylating agents methylmethane
      sulfonate (MMS) or methylnitrosourea (MNU). The amounts of N-3-methyladenine (3
      meA), N-7-methylguanine (7-meG), and methylphosphotriesters (mePTE) in the DNA of
      liver and brain were determined following selective removal of the methylated
      bases by enzyme 3-meA N-glycosylase from Micrococcus luteus and thermal
      depurination at neutral pH. Both enzyme- and heat-induced alkali-labile apurinic
      sites were converted to single-strand breaks on incubation with 0.1 M NaOH. The
      number of such sites was quantitated following centrifugation of the DNA in
      alkaline sucrose gradients, fluorescent detection of unlabeled DNA, and
      estimation of number-average molecular weight. The results show a carcinogen dose
      dependent initial linear increase in the number of enzyme- and heat-induced DNA
      strand breakage in both liver and brain DNA. With a half-life of approximately 3
      h, 3-meA was removed from the tissues, whereas 45 to 55% of 7-meG remained
      unrepaired at 48 h. The study of the alkylation damage induced by MNU treatment
      of rats showed that the kinetics of repair for 3-meA and 7-meG was similar to the
      MMS-treated tissues and that mePTE persisted over a 7-day period. The technique
      developed does not require the use of radiolabeled reagents of DNA and allows for
      the selective quantitation of DNA alkylation lesions like 3-meA and 7-meG in the
      presence of nitrosourea-induced phosphotriesters.

PMID- 3707129
TI  - A wheat germ cap-site factor functional in protein chain initiation.
AB  - Component C1 from wheat germ, a factor that functions in attaching ribosomes to
      mRNA, has been resolved into a fraction that does not bind to m7GDP-agarose
      (referred to as eIF4B) and one that binds and is eluted specifically by m7GDP.
      Both components are required for the attachment of ribosomes to [3H]methyl
      labeled reovirus RNA and for the translation of a number of mRNAs, including the
      noncapped RNA of satellite tobacco necrosis virus. The component that binds to
      m7GDP-agarose, referred to as CSF (cap-site factor), contains primarily proteins
      of Mr 24,000, 26,000, and 75,000. Crosslinking studies with oxidized [3H]methyl
      labeled reovirus RNA show that one of the lower molecular weight polypeptides of
      CSF interacts specifically with the 5'-cap of the mRNA in the absence of any
      other components. Incubation of component C1 and eIF4A in the presence of ATP
      results in the additional crosslinking of a 51- and a 65-kDa protein. In the
      absence of eIF4A, there is only the crosslinking of the lower molecular mass
      polypeptide (24 or 26 kDa). Attempts to reconstitute the C1 reaction with CSF and
      eIF4B result in a considerably diminished reaction. Crosslinking of eIF4A,
      however, is obtained in an incubation containing only CSF and eIF4A, suggesting
      that CSF may bring about an initial interaction of eIF4A with the 5' end of the
      mRNA.

PMID- 3707130
TI  - Inhibition of methylation of DNA and tRNA by adenosine in an adenosine-sensitive
      mutant of the baby hamster kidney cell line.
AB  - An adenosine-sensitive (Ados) mutant of baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells, ara
      S10d, when treated with a toxic concentration of adenosine (Ado), displayed a
      substantial elevation of S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), S-adenosylmethionine
      (SAM), and methylthioadenosine (MTA). Wild-type BHK cells treated with the same
      concentration of Ado (not toxic to these parental cells) produced an elevation of
      SAH 1.5 times higher than that of ara-S10d cells without a concurrent elevation
      of SAM or MTA. Inhibition of methylation of DNA and tRNA is greater in ara-S10d
      cells treated with Ado than that of similarly treated wild-type cells. This
      inhibition was correlated with the enhanced Ado toxicity, suggesting inhibition
      of methylation as a possible causal factor for the great increase in Ado
      sensitivity. Inhibition of methylation may be due to the elevated level of MTA
      and not solely to the elevation of SAH, a well-known potent inhibitor of numerous
      methyltransferases.

PMID- 3707131
TI  - Monoterpene cyclases: use of the noncyclizable substrate analog 6,7
      dihydrogeranyl pyrophosphate to uncouple the isomerization step of the coupled
      isomerization-cyclization reaction.
AB  - Enzymes from Salvia officinalis capable of catalyzing the isomerization and
      subsequent cyclization of geranyl pyrophosphate to the monoterpenes (+)-alpha
      pinene and (+)-bornyl pyrophosphate were examined with the noncyclizable
      substrate analog 6,7-dihydrogeranyl pyrophosphate in an attempt to dissect the
      cryptic isomerization step from the normally coupled reaction sequence. The
      analog inhibited the cyclization of geranyl pyrophosphate and was itself
      catalytically active, affording acyclic terpene olefins and alcohols as products.
      The enzymatic products generated from 6,7-dihydrogeranyl pyrophosphate
      qualitatively resembled the solvolysis products of 6,7-dihydrolinalyl
      pyrophosphate, yet they constituted a far higher proportion of olefins,
      suggesting that enzymatic product formation occurs in an environment relatively
      inaccessible to water. Since the normal cyclization of geranyl pyrophosphate is
      considered to proceed via preliminary isomerization to the bound tertiary
      intermediate (3R)-linalyl pyrophosphate, the results suggest that the analog
      undergoes the normal pyrophosphate ionization-migration step, giving rise in this
      case to (3R)-6,7-dihydrolinalyl pyrophosphate which is reionized, and because the
      subsequent cyclizations are precluded, the resulting cation is either
      deprotonated or captured by water. In divalent metal ion requirement, pH optimum,
      and other characteristics, the enzymatic transformation of the analog resembles
      the normal monoterpene cyclase reaction.

PMID- 3707132
TI  - Structural features facilitating the glutamate dehydrogenase catalyzed alpha
      imino acid-alpha-amino acid interconversion.
AB  - Glutamate dehydrogenase catalyzes the reversible oxidation of L-proline and L
      pipecolic acid to the corresponding cyclic alpha-imino acids. The active
      substrates are the amino acid anion in one direction and the iminium ion in the
      other. The oxidation of the ester, amide, and N-methyl derivatives of L-proline
      by enzyme-NADP+ and the reduction of N-methyl-delta 1-tetrahydropyridinium ion by
      enzyme-NADPH do not proceed to a detectable extent under the experimental
      conditions. The methyliminium ion, however, undergoes facile nonenzymatic
      reduction by NADPH. If it is assumed that the nonenzymatic reaction reflects the
      structural requirements of the redox step of the enzymatic reaction, then the
      lack of reactivity of the tetrahydropyridinium ion toward enzyme-NADPH must be
      due to the instability of the central complex. It appears that the alpha
      carboxylate and NH groups in the amino acid anion and in the alpha-imino acid are
      involved in binding the substrates to the enzyme-coenzyme complexes. We conclude
      that each of these active substrates binds to its appropriate enzyme-coenzyme
      complex through a hydrogen bond between its NH group and a basic enzyme group;
      there is also an ionic bond in the central complex between the alpha-carboxylate
      group of the active substrate and a positively charged enzyme group. The five
      membered amino acid anions are more reactive toward enzyme-NADP+ than the six
      membered ones. The same reactivity order is seen for the reduction of imino acids
      by enzyme-NADPH. Since these effects are also present in the nonenzymatic
      reduction by NADPH we ascribe the ring size effects on V/Ksubstrate primarily to
      those on the hydride-transfer step.

PMID- 3707133
TI  - Studies on properties of membrane-associated oligosaccharyltransferase using an
      active site-directed photoaffinity probe.
AB  - Previous attempts in several laboratories, including ours, to purify
      oligosaccharyl-transferase have met with limited success because of the lability
      of the membrane-associated enzyme after solubilization with detergents. In an
      effort to identify the enzyme in face of this lability, we recently developed a
      photoaffinity reagent to label the active site [J. K. Welply, P. Shenbagamurthi,
      F. Naider, H. R. Park, and W. J. Lennarz (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 6459-6465].
      In this report, the preparations of a more sensitive selective labeling probe,
      125I-labeled N alpha-3-(4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)-Asn-Lys-(N epsilon-p
      azidobenzoyl)-Thr-NH2, is described. Using this new probe, we have confirmed,
      independently of catalytic activity, that hen oviduct oligosaccharyltransferase
      is tightly associated with the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. The 125I-labeled
      oligosaccharyltransferase was released from the membrane by detergent and strong
      alkali treatments but not by sonication, high salt, or hypotonic shock. However,
      all procedures that released the enzyme from the membrane resulted in a dramatic
      loss of enzyme activity. Treatment of sealed microsomal membrane vesicles with
      phospholipase A resulted in nearly complete enzyme inactivation; in contrast,
      phospholipase C or D had moderate or little effect, respectively. Taken together,
      these results suggest that the hydrophobic environment of the membrane is
      required for oligosaccharyltransferase activity. Trypsin treatment of intact
      vesicles diminished enzyme activity by nearly 70%, but it had no effect on the
      binding affinity of the enzyme for the 125I-labeled photoaffinity probe. This
      result suggests that the polypeptide acceptor portion of
      oligosaccharyltransferase is lumenally disposed, and that a trypsin-sensitive,
      cytoplasmically oriented domain or another subunit binds the carbohydrate donor,
      dolichol-PP-oligosaccharide.

PMID- 3707134
TI  - Effect of growth hormone on fatty acid oxidation: growth hormone increases the
      activity of 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase in mitochondria.
AB  - The effect of growth hormone on the beta-oxidation of saturated and unsaturated
      fatty acids was studied with mitochondria isolated from control rats,
      hypophysectomized rats, and hypophysectomized rats treated with growth hormone.
      Rates of respiration supported by polyunsaturated fatty acylcarnitines, in
      contrast to rates observed with palmitoylcarnitine or oleoylcarnitine, were
      slightly lower in hypophysectomized rats than in normal rats, but were higher in
      hypophysectomized rats treated with growth hormone. The effects were most
      pronounced with docosahexaenoylcarnitine, the substrate with the highest degree
      of unsaturation. Since uncoupling of mitochondria with 2,4-dinitrophenol resulted
      in lower rates of docosahexaenoylcarnitine-supported respiration, while
      substitution of ATP for ADP yielded higher rates, it appears that energy is
      required for the effective oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Growth
      hormone treatment of hypophysectomized rats caused a threefold increase in the
      activity of 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase or 4-enoyl-CoA reductase (EC 1.3.1.34) in
      mitochondria, but not in peroxisomes. The activities of other beta-oxidation
      enzymes remained virtually unchanged. Rates of acetoacetate formation from
      linolenoylcarnitine, but not from palmitoylcarnitine, were stimulated by
      glutamate in mitochondria from hypophysectomized rats and hypophysectomized rats
      treated with growth hormone. All data together lead to the conclusion that the
      mitochondrial oxidation of highly polyunsaturated fatty acids is limited by the
      availability of NADPH and the activity of 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase which is
      induced by growth hormone treatment.

PMID- 3707135
TI  - Uric acid protection of nucleobases from ozone-induced degradation.
AB  - Uric acid has been proposed to be an important antioxidant and free radical
      scavenger in humans. Of the purine and pyrimidine compounds examined in this
      study, uric acid showed the greatest susceptibility to ozone-induced degradation.
      The parent compounds, purine and pyrimidine, were more resistant to ozonation
      than were the nucleobases. When the degradation of OH-substituted purines was
      examined, it was found that the more OH groups on the purine ring, the more
      readily the purine was degraded. Urea and allantoin were identified as
      degradation products of uric acid. The relative rates of nucleobase degradation
      in the presence and absence of uric acid were compared. Uric acid protected
      thymine, guanine, and uracil from degradation by ozone. In this system uric acid
      was found to protect the nucleobases as effectively as reduced glutathione.

PMID- 3707136
TI  - Purification and characterization of the major whey proteins from the milks of
      the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), the Florida manatee (Trichechus
      manatus latirostris), and the beagle (Canis familiaris).
AB  - The major whey proteins of the milks of the dolphin, manatee, and beagle were
      purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography and characterized and
      identified by molecular weight determination, amino acid analysis, N-terminal
      sequencing, and activity measurements. The major whey protein components from all
      three species were found to be monomeric beta-lactoglobulins. These proteins were
      all active in binding retinol. Dolphin milk contained two beta-lactoglobulins
      (designated 1 and 2) which showed a slight difference in molecular weight and
      considerably divergent N-terminal sequences, whereas the other milks only
      contained a single form of beta-lactoglobulin. alpha-Lactalbumins were purified
      from dolphin and dog milks and were active in promoting lactose synthesis by
      bovine galactosyltransferase. The dolphin protein had an N-terminal sequence more
      similar to ruminant alpha-lactalbumins than to those known from other species.
      Although alpha-lactalbumin activity has been detected in manatee milk at low
      levels, the corresponding protein was not isolated. In addition, dog milk was
      found to contain high levels of lysozyme (greater than 1.0 mg/ml), which were
      identified by activity and sequencing. The functional and evolutionary
      implications of these results are discussed.

PMID- 3707137
TI  - Formation of dimethyl selenide and trimethylselenonium from selenobetaine in the
      rat.
AB  - The 24-h respiratory excretion of dimethyl selenide (DMSe) and urinary excretion
      of trimethylselenonium (TMSe) were studied in adult male rats injected with 2 mg
      Se/kg as selenobetaine [(CH3)2Se+CH2COOH] or its methyl ester, labeled with 75Se
      and 14C. The DMSe was trapped by means of 20% benzyl chloride in xylene. TMSe was
      measured by cation exchange high performance liquid chromatography. There was
      extensive respiratory excretion of DMSe from selenobetaine methyl ester (about
      50% of the dose) and from selenobetaine (about 25%). About 12% of the dose was
      converted to TMSe for both compounds. When the Se-methyl carbons were labeled
      with 14C and the selenium with 75Se, doubly labeled DMSe and TMSe were formed;
      the 14C/75Se ratio in DMSe formed from selenobetaine methyl ester was almost
      unchanged from that administered, and the ratio in TMSe was only slightly lower
      than in DMSe. In contrast to its ester, doubly labeled selenobetaine yielded DMSe
      having a lower 14C/75Se ratio (approximately one-half of that administered) and a
      further decrease was observed between DMSe and TMSe. These data indicate that the
      (CH3)2Se moiety in selenobetaine methyl ester undergoes facile release to form
      DMSe, which is directly methylated to form TMSe. Selenobetaine, however, appears
      to lose a methyl group prior to scission of the Se-CH2COOH bond. The results with
      selenobetaine also suggest that TMSe generated metabolically is not inert, and
      can undergo demethylation followed by remethylation; confirmatory evidence for
      this metabolic instability is provided by the exhalation of [75Se]DMSe after the
      direct administration of [75Se]TMSe. When [75Se]selenobetaine or its ester was
      given with the methylene carbon in the acetic acid moiety labeled with 14C, only
      75Se was present in the DMSe and TMSe, indicating that TMSe did not arise by
      decarboxylation of selenobetaine. It is concluded that both selenobetaine and its
      methyl ester are readily converted to DMSe and TMSe by pathways that do not
      involve decarboxylation or the formation of hydrogen selenide as an intermediate,
      and DMSe is a direct precursor of TMSe.

PMID- 3707138
TI  - Interaction of ferredoxin with ferredoxin:NADP reductase: effects of chemical
      modification of ferredoxin.
AB  - Chemical modification studies have been conducted on spinach ferredoxin to
      determine the nature of the groups on ferredoxin involved in its interaction with
      its reaction partners. Modification of a limited number (three or four) carboxyl
      groups or of the single histidine residue resulted in a decreased ability of
      ferredoxin to participate in NADP photoreduction but not in cytochrome c
      photoreduction, suggesting that these groups may be involved in interaction with
      ferredoxin:NADP reductase but are not involved in interaction with the reducing
      side of Photosystem I. In contrast, modification of amino groups or the single
      arginine residue on ferredoxin had little effect on the ability of ferredoxin to
      participate in NADP photoreduction, suggesting these groups are not involved in
      the interaction of ferredoxin with either ferredoxin:NADP reductase or the
      reducing side of Photosystem I. Attempts to modify tyrosine residues on
      ferredoxin resulted in destruction of the iron-sulfur center of the protein.

PMID- 3707139
TI  - The role of mitochondrial glutathione and cellular protein sulfhydryls in
      formaldehyde toxicity in glutathione-depleted rat hepatocytes.
AB  - Depletion of cellular GSH by diethyl maleate (DEM) potentiates CH2O toxicity in
      isolated rat hepatocytes and it was postulated that this increase in toxicity is
      due to the further decrease in GSH caused by CH2O in DEM-pretreated hepatocytes
      (1). The present investigation was conducted to investigate further the effects
      of CH2O, DEM, and acrolein (a compound which is structurally related to CH2O and
      DEM) on subcellular GSH pools and on protein sulfhydryl groups (PSH). CH2O caused
      a decrease in cytosolic GSH but had no effect on mitochondrial GSH either in
      previously untreated hepatocytes or in DEM-pretreated hepatocytes in which GSH
      was approximately 25% of control. DEM decreased both cytosolic and mitochondrial
      GSH but it did not produce toxicity. Neither CH2O (up to 7.5 mM) nor DEM (20 mM)
      decreased PSH. However, in cells pretreated with 1 mM DEM, CH2O (7.5 mM)
      decreased PSH and this effect preceded cell death. Acrolein decreased both
      cytosolic and mitochondrial GSH and it also decreased PSH significantly prior to
      causing cell death. CH2O and acrolein stimulated phosphorylase alpha activity,
      indicative of an increase in cytosolic free Ca2+, by a PSH-independent and PSH
      dependent mechanism, respectively. These results suggest that the further
      depletion of cellular GSH by CH2O in DEM-pretreated cells is not due to the
      depletion of mitochondrial GSH. CH2O toxicity in DEM-pretreated cells is,
      however, correlated with depletion of PSH. The critical sulfhydryl protein(s)
      responsible for cell death remain to be more clearly defined.

PMID- 3707140
TI  - Biosynthesis and fate of proteoglycans in cartilage and bone during development
      and mineralization.
AB  - Subcutaneous implantation of demineralized bone matrix in rats induces migration
      of host cells into the site and results in the sequential development of
      cartilage and bone. The biosynthesis and metabolic fate of proteoglycans in the
      plaques at the bone matrix implantation site were investigated by [35S]sulfate
      labeling in vivo. 35S-Labeled proteoglycans were extracted with 4 M guanidine HCl
      and purified by DEAE-Sephacel chromatography. Analysis of proteoglycans on
      Sepharose CL-2B chromatography showed two major peaks at Kd = 0.28 and 0.68
      (peaks I and II, respectively). Peak I proteoglycan has a high buoyant density
      and contains chondroitin sulfate chains of average Mr = 20,000. Peak II
      proteoglycan has a lower average buoyant density and contains dermatan sulfate
      chains of average Mr = 33,000. Throughout the endochondral bone development
      sequence, peak II proteoglycan predominates. Peak I was low on Day 3, became
      prominent on Day 7 (approximately 30% of the total radioactivity), and declined
      after Day 9. The calculated half-lives of peak I and II proteoglycans labeled on
      Day 7 were about 1.8 and 2.8 days, respectively. After the initiation of
      osteogenesis, a species of mineral-associated proteoglycan was extracted with a 4
      M guanidine HCl solvent containing 0.5 M EDTA. This proteoglycan has a small
      hydrodynamic size (Kd = 0.38 on Sepharose CL-6B chromatography) and shows a long
      half-life, about 6 days.

PMID- 3707141
TI  - Physicochemical studies of processes involving potential photodynamic drugs on
      route to their targets: self-aggregation and membrane-binding of Zn
      hematoporphyrin.
AB  - The thermodynamics of zinc hematoporphyrin (ZnHP) dimerization and ZnHP-membrane
      binding were studied. The dimerization equilibrium was determined over the
      temperature range 19-40 degrees C, using fluorometric techniques. The
      dimerization constant obtained at 37 degrees C (neutral pH in phosphate-buffered
      saline) is 4.6 (+/- 0.6) X 10(4) M-1. The dimerization was found to decrease with
      temperature over the range 19-36 degrees C, the data allowing the extraction of
      the following thermodynamic parameters for the temperature range 19-31 degrees C:
      delta G0 = -9.3 kcal/mol, delta H0 = -7.4 kcal/mol, delta S0 = -6.4 eu. For
      temperatures above 36 degrees C the dimerization was found to be temperature
      independent, giving the following parameters: delta G0 = -6.6 kcal/mol, delta H0
      = 0 kcal/mol, delta S0 = 21.2 eu. On the basis of the data the case is made for
      the existence of two types of ZnHP dimers, differing in the location of the fifth
      Zn2+ ligand and in the nature of the contribution of the solvent to the
      dimerization. For the membrane binding, large unilamellar liposomes served to
      model biological membranes. The binding of ZnHP to the liposomes was found to be
      similar, quantitatively, to the corresponding metal-free molecule, namely,
      fitting a case of one type of site and giving a binding constant of 1600 +/- 160
      M (neutral pH and 37 degrees C) which is independent of the length of the
      porphyrin-liposome.

PMID- 3707142
TI  - The control of malate dehydrogenase activity by adenine nucleotides in purified
      potato tuber (Solanum tuberosum L.) mitochondria.
AB  - The limiting factors of the involvement of malate dehydrogenase in mitochondrial
      malate oxidation were investigated by using Percoll-purified potato tuber
      mitochondria. The respective roles of reduced pyridine nucleotides, oxaloacetate,
      and adenine nucleotides were studied under conditions of high or low
      phosphorylation potential (Pi + ADP/ATP ratio). Under conditions of high
      phosphorylation potential, the limitation of malate dehydrogenase activity was
      caused by the accumulation of oxaloacetate in the medium. In the absence of ADP
      (phosphorylation potential close to zero), ATP was responsible for the inhibition
      of malate dehydrogenase activity rather than oxaloacetate or reduced pyridine
      nucleotides.

PMID- 3707143
TI  - Oxygen-17 and deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance studies of lysozyme hydration.
AB  - Oxygen-17 and deuterium NMR studies of lysozyme hydration are reported for a wide
      range of lysozyme concentrations, and the relationship between water "activity"
      and water mobility in the lysozyme-water system as determined by high-field NMR
      is examined. In a first approximation, the effect of lysozyme activity on
      hydration is considered to be small because of the relatively low charge on
      lysozyme at pH 7 and the absence of salt in the lysozyme solutions. Correlation
      times are determined for tightly bound water, weakly bound water, and
      "multilayer" or trapped water in lysozyme at 20 degrees C. Hydration numbers are
      also determined for these three different water populations interacting with
      lysozyme. Good agreement is found between the hydration numbers determined by 17O
      NMR and the calculations based on the D'Arcy and Watt analysis of water sorption
      isotherms for proteins that considered three major water populations in hydrated
      lysozyme. A molecular interpretation for the three components in the D'Arcy and
      Watt theory of sorption isotherms is also proposed on the basis of our NMR
      results. Previous proton NMR spin-echo results are shown to be consistent with
      our findings by 17O NMR and support the view that there are at least four regions
      of distinct hydration behavior of lysozyme which span the whole range from
      solutions to solid powders.

PMID- 3707144
TI  - [Treatment of atypical leukemia].
AB  - Treatment of atypical leukemia is reviewed with emphasis on the establishment of
      the concept of atypical leukemia and the treatment of this disease is discussed
      on a historical basis. Furthermore, a recent approach to this disease based on
      induction of differentiation of leukemia cells by low-dose cytosine arabinoside
      is discussed.

PMID- 3707145
TI  - [High-dose Ara-C treatment of acute leukemia].
AB  - High-dose cytosine arobinoside (HDAra-C) was originally introduced in clinical
      hematology for the treatment of refractory or relapsed acute leukemia. Recently,
      however, this treatment has been tried for remission induction and/or
      consolidation in early leukemia cases, and resulted in a fairly percentage of
      long-term survival cases. HDAra-C in combination with anthracyclines is now
      considered to be a treatment which may afford some hope of a cure in a certain
      percentage of cases of adult acute non-lymphocytic leukemia. This treatment also
      has the advantage of being an effective treatment for meningeal leukemia, since a
      high concentration of Ara-C effective enough to kill leukemic cells is maintained
      in the cerebrospinal fluid after intravenous infusion of high-dose Ara-C. In this
      paper, the HDAra-C treatment of acute leukemia is reviewed and the results of our
      group study on the treatment of 30 cases of refractory acute leukemia with HDAra
      C are discussed.

PMID- 3707146
TI  - [Clinical effect of HCFU therapy of head and neck cancer].
AB  - HCFU for oral use has a higher therapeutic ratio and a broader antitumor spectrum
      in murine tumors than other fluorinated pyrimidines. In the present study, HCFU
      was administered orally to 53 evaluable patients at a standard daily dose of 600
      mg. The overall response rate was 22.6% with 6 complete responses and 6 partial
      responses. Adverse effects such as pollakisuria, anorexia, hot sensation, general
      fatigue, CNS and so on, were observed in 36.6% of patients. We conclude that HCFU
      therapy is expected to be useful for multidisciplinary treatment because of the
      above findings which suggest this drug is an effective chemotherapeutic agent for
      the treatment of head and neck cancer.

PMID- 3707147
TI  - [Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP)-radiation therapy in nasopharyngeal
      carcinoma].
AB  - Between July 1977 and October 1983, 40 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
      were treated by radiation therapy. From the investigation of this series,
      prophylactic treatment for distant metastases was recommended for good prognosis.
      Between November 1983 and May 1985, 10 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
      were treated using a combination of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) and
      radiation therapy. Treatment results showed complete response in all 10 patients.
      One patient failed in the out field of boost therapy after whole-neck
      irradiation. This patient has shown no distant metastases. The remaining 9
      patients have been controlled well. Major side effects were renal toxicity, and
      nausea and vomiting, which were mostly transient. However, severe mucositis of
      the oral cavity was observed in 4 patients (40%) of the CDDP-radiation group in
      contrast with 3 patients (8%) of the radiation-therapy-only group (p less than
      0.01).

PMID- 3707148
TI  - [Toxic effects of cisplatin in the treatment of malignant bone and soft tissue
      tumors].
AB  - A total of 31 patients with malignant bone and soft tissue tumors were evaluated
      for toxic effects after receiving cisplatin (104 courses) at doses of 2.0-3.0
      mg/kg with aggressive hydration. Nausea was common and in 86% of cisplatin
      courses severe vomiting was observed. Nephrotoxicity was observed in less than
      10% of all courses but ototoxicity, especially tinnitis, developed in 5 of 6
      patients whose total doses of cisplatin were over 500mg, and one of them showed
      hearing disorder in the upper frequency above 5,000 Hz. There were no other toxic
      effects such as severe myelosuppression, allergic reaction or peripheral
      neuropathy.

PMID- 3707149
TI  - [Flow cytometric analysis of the effect of THP-adriamycin on the cell cycle
      traverse of RPMI-8402 cells--comparison with adriamycin].
AB  - THP-adriamycin (THP) is a new derivative of adriamycin (ADM) which is reported to
      have a lower cardiotoxicity than ADM. In this report, the effects of THP on cell
      growth, cell cycle traverse and colony-forming ability of RPMI-8402 cells were
      investigated in comparison with ADM. The growth-inhibitory effect of THP was
      equal or superior to that of ADM in this system. Analysis of the DNA histogram
      obtained by flow cytometry showed that THP exerted its growth-inhibitory effect
      by blocking cells at the G2 phase. At higher concentrations, THP inhibited the
      traverse of cells through the S phase and further through the whole cell cycle
      completely. These effects were quite similar to those of ADM, which suggested a
      similar mechanism of action for the two drugs from the aspect of the cell cycle.
      A follow-up study of cells accumulated at the G2 phase and a study on colony
      forming ability revealed that the G2 phase accumulation was an irreversible and
      fatal effect of THP, so that G2-phase accumulation could be considered as a
      cytocidal effect of THP, indicating the clinical usefulness of this system for
      evaluation of the drug effect. From these results and the low cardiotoxicity, it
      was suggested that THP could be a good candidate for use as an antitumor agent in
      clinics.

PMID- 3707150
TI  - [Production of a cytotoxic factor in mouse peritoneal fluid by OK-432, a
      streptococcal preparation].
AB  - A cytotoxic factor was induced by the injection of LPS into the peritoneal fluids
      of mice which had been previously primed with a streptococcal antitumor
      preparation, OK-432. No cytotoxic effect on L-929 cells was observed in the
      peritoneal fluids of mice singly treated with OK-432 or LPS. Various mouse and
      human tumor cell lines were effectively killed by this peritoneal cytotoxic
      factor, though normal cell lines were insensitive, which indicates that this
      factor is not species-specific. The highest level of cytotoxic activity was
      obtained when LPS was given to mice 5 days after the injection of OK-432. The
      optimal time for collection of peritoneal fluids for the cytotoxic factor was 2h
      following the LPS injection. Interferon activity was found to be negative by the
      plaque reduction test using L-929 cells with vesicular stomatitis virus.

PMID- 3707151
TI  - [Effect of metoclopramide on gastric distension and lethal toxicity of cisplatin
      in mice].
AB  - Mice treated with cisplatin (cDDP), were found to have considerably bloated
      stomachs presumably resulting from paralysis of gastric emptying without appetite
      suppression and emesis. Repeated administration of metoclopramide (MCP) not only
      reduced gastric distension, but also the number of toxic deaths after 13 mg/kg of
      cisplatin i.p. The mechanism of action by which MCP increased the resistance of
      mice to cDDP seemed to be alleviation of systemic dehydration by means of
      enhanced gastric emptying.

PMID- 3707152
TI  - [Effects of cisplatin on cultured glioma cells].
AB  - Cytotoxic and cytokinetic effects of Cisplatin (cisdiamminedichloroplatinum) on
      cultured human and rat glioma cells (KY and C6) were studied both in vitro and in
      vivo. The cytotoxic or cytostatic effect was evaluated by either colony formation
      assay or inhibition rate of cell growth. The cytokinetic effects were analyzed by
      DNA histogram using a flow cytometer. It was found that the cytotoxic effect of
      Cisplatin on the cultured glioma cells was dose-dependent, and that human KY
      cells and rat C6 cells had similar sensitivity to Cisplatin. Within 24 hours
      after treatment of KY cells with Cisplatin, a time-dependent effect was observed,
      but the cytotoxic effect of Cisplatin in the medium decreased rapidly.
      Investigation of chronological changes in the DNA histogram of KY cells treated
      with 0.2 microgram/ml Cisplatin revealed that cell-cycle progression was delayed
      in the S-phase and blocked at the S-G2 + M boundary 18 hours later. KY tumors
      subcutaneously transplanted into nude mice were treated with intraperitoneal
      injection of 3 mg/kg/day Cisplatin for 10 days and the tumors markedly regressed
      by 65% of their wet weight.

PMID- 3707153
TI  - [Consecutive intra-arterial infusion of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum with
      continuous intra-arterial infusion of 5-fluorouracil in locally advanced ovarian
      cancer].
AB  - Consecutive intraarterial infusion of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) with
      continuous intraarterial infusion of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (250 mg/day) was
      administered to 10 patients with locally advanced (peritonitis carcinomatosa)
      ovarian cancer. The dose of CDDP was 10 mg/5 min/body/day and it was administered
      for about 10-20 consecutive days per one course. Each course was repeated at
      about 3-week intervals. The main dose-limiting factor was the number of
      peripheral leucocytes. The results were 6 PR, 1 MR and 2 NC out of 9 evaluable
      cases, all of whom had had previous therapy. The antitumor effect needed over 200
      mg of intraarterial CDDP and the response lasted from 2 to more than 9 months.
      Among 6 patients who obtained PR, 4 had failed to respond to intravenous or
      intraperitoneal infusion of CDDP, which suggested that a high concentration and a
      critical drug gradient across the tumor cell membrane were more essential for a
      significant tumor cell kill, with CDDP, than the time of exposure. The toxic
      effects of intraarterial infusion of CDDP were almost absent as compared with
      those of intravenous infusion, which consisted of nausea and vomiting. Renal
      dysfunction was also mild. Other toxic effects were not different from those
      observed in intravenous infusion. Our results with intraarterial infusion of CDDP
      clearly indicate that this approach can deliver a high therapeutic efficacy in
      patients with advanced ovarian cancer with markedly less toxic effects.

PMID- 3707154
TI  - [Phase II study of decarbazine (DTIC) in malignant melanoma. DTIC Research
      Group].
AB  - A phase II study of DTIC was carried out with a response rate (CR and PR) of
      24.2%. Metastases to liver, lymph nodes and subcutaneous tissues were susceptible
      to the drug. Most of the adverse reactions observed were upper gastrointestinal
      symptoms such as nausea in 15.4%, vomiting in 5.8% and anorexia in 3.8%.
      Alterations in white blood cells, red blood cells or platelets exceeding Grade 2
      were not observed. As for biochemistry, GOT was increased in 25.0% and GPT in
      28.2%. However, these were mild and transient changes, disappearing in 3 to 4
      weeks. The results seem to reproduce those of various U.S. group studies.

PMID- 3707155
TI  - [A phase II study of (2''R)-4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin (THP) in patients
      with head and neck cancer].
AB  - A phase II study of a new anthracycline, (2"R)-4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin
      (THP), was conducted in 110 patients with various head and neck cancers in a
      multi-institutional cooperative study. The response rate was 20.3% (PR 12) in an
      intravenously injected group and 52.3% (CR 8, PR 15) in an intraarterially
      injected group. In the former cases, the response rate according to primary sites
      was 19.2 to 27.3% for the maxilla, pharynx, oral cavity and larynx. In the latter
      cases, it was 40.9 to 64.3% for the maxilla, pharynx and oral cavity, and 100%
      for the external auditory meatus (CR 1, PR 1). According to histology, the
      response rate was 37.5 % in squamous cell carcinoma. Partial response was
      observed in two cases of undifferentiated carcinoma. The predominant toxicity was
      myelosuppression. Leukocytopenia (less than 3,000/mm3) was noted in 44 cases
      (41.9%). Loss of hair and stomatitis were observed in 13 (12.6%) and 12 (11.7%)
      respectively. However, these were mild and recovered quickly on discontinuation
      of THP. We concluded that THP therapy was markedly effective for various head and
      neck cancers.

PMID- 3707156
TI  - [Phase II study of mitoxantrone in advanced breast cancer].
AB  - A phase II study of mitoxantrone in cases of advanced breast cancer was conducted
      by a cooperative study group involving 7 institutions. Mitoxantrone was
      administered at doses of 10-12 mg/m2 at 3-4-week intervals. A total of 36
      patients were entered and 31 were evaluable. There were 4 CRs (13%) and 3 PRs
      (10%) with an overall response rate of 23% and the durations of responses were
      between 6 and 25 weeks. Leukopenia was a dose-limiting effect of toxicity and
      occurred in all patients, while gastrointestinal toxicity and alopecia were mild.

PMID- 3707157
TI  - [Criteria for the determination of the efficacy of cancer chemo-radiotherapy in
      primary and metastatic lung cancer].

PMID- 3707158
TI  - Measurement and figure in dermatology.

PMID- 3707159
TI  - Relative area index in congenital nevi.

PMID- 3707160
TI  - Congenital nevi: the controversy rages on.

PMID- 3707161
TI  - Oral lesions associated with pityriasis rosea.

PMID- 3707162
TI  - Lichen planus: significant premalignant potential?

PMID- 3707163
TI  - Topical minoxidil in the treatment of alopecia areata and male-pattern alopecia.

PMID- 3707164
TI  - Nail dystrophy in dyskeratosis congenita and chronic graft-vs-host disease.

PMID- 3707165
TI  - The function of melanin.

PMID- 3707167
TI  - Ichthyosis. Genetic heterogeneity, genodermatoses, and genetic counseling.

PMID- 3707166
TI  - A case of xeroderma pigmentosum group F with late onset of clinical symptoms.

PMID- 3707168
TI  - The histiocyte. In memoriam.

PMID- 3707169
TI  - Risk reduction for nonmelanoma skin cancer with childhood sunscreen use.
AB  - Exposure to ultraviolet radiation is the principle cause of basal and squamous
      cell carcinomas of the skin, which are the most frequent tumors occurring in
      white residents of the United States. Using a mathematical model based on
      epidemiologic data, we quantified the potential benefits of using a sunscreen
      with a sun protective factor of 15 and estimate that regular use of such a
      sunscreen during the first 18 years of life would reduce the lifetime incidence
      of these tumors by 78%. Additional benefits of sunscreen use during childhood
      include reduced risk of sunburn, retarding the pace of skin aging, and possible
      reduction in melanoma risk. We recommend that pediatricians encourage sunscreen
      use and sun avoidance as a regular part of pediatric preventive health care.

PMID- 3707170
TI  - Punch biopsy wounds treated with Monsel's solution or a collagen matrix. A
      comparison of healing.
AB  - Adjacent punch biopsy wounds in 20 subjects were treated with a collagen matrix
      or Monsel's solution. Both techniques were easy to use and were hemostatically
      effective. The collagen matrix produced less inflammation, had a lower incidence
      of wound infection, was associated with a faster reepithelialization rate, and
      healed with a modestly better appearance at four weeks than did Monsel's
      solution.

PMID- 3707171
TI  - Solar urticaria. The relationship of photoallergen and action spectrum.
AB  - We studied six cases of solar urticaria immunologically and photobiologically.
      Serum in five patients and plasma in one patient yielded an immediate reaction
      when injected into the patients' own skin after light irradiation. These
      photoallergens were gel filtrated, and the molecular weights were determined. The
      result was compared with the action spectrum obtained by a monochrometer. In
      three patients, with the action spectrum in short visible light ranges (400 to
      500 nm), the molecular weight of the photoallergen was 25,000 to 45,000 daltons.
      In a patient with an action spectrum from ultraviolet-A to short visible light
      ranges (330 to 520 nm), there was another photoallergen molecular weight that was
      300,000 to 1,000,000 daltons. In a patient with a wide action spectrum from
      ultraviolet-B to long visible light ranges (290 to 630 nm), photoallergens, which
      were believed to be multiple, were generated only from plasma.

PMID- 3707172
TI  - Behcet's disease. An update based on the 1985 International Conference in London.

PMID- 3707173
TI  - A mother and two children with nonbullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma.
AB  - A mother and her two daughters were all afflicted by congenital nonbullous
      ichthyosis. The clinical and ultrastructural picture are in accordance with
      recessive congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma. The mode of inheritance for the
      children is assumed to be by pseudo-dominance. Nonbullous congenital
      ichthyosiform erythroderma and lamellar ichthyosis are probably heterogeneous.

PMID- 3707174
TI  - Atrichia with papular lesions.
AB  - We report a case of atrichia with papular lesions in association with common
      variable immunodeficiency in an 11-year-old boy. There were identical findings in
      the patient's father. This rare variant of ectodermal dysplasia typically
      presents with shedding of normal fetal hair within the first three months.
      Eyelashes are typically spared. Numerous keratin-filled follicular cysts develop
      over extensive areas of the skin, usually between the age of 2 and 26 years.
      These lesions are most numerous on the face, neck, scalp, and extremities. Teeth
      and nails are entirely normal in these patients. The mode of inheritance of
      atrichia with papular lesions is uncertain. Our case suggests an autosomal
      dominant inheritance pattern, while previous reports have shown autosomal
      recessive inheritance pattern.

PMID- 3707175
TI  - Multiple hamartoma syndrome (Cowden's disease) associated with non-Hodgkin's
      lymphoma.
AB  - A 70-year-old woman with the multiple hamartoma syndrome is described. Diagnosis
      was based on the clinical presentation and histopathologic examination of
      cutaneous trichilemmomas. The case is reported to document the association of
      Cowden's disease with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. This is the first known report of
      the occurrence of trichilemmomas in the sacral area. The literature concerning
      the association of the multiple hamartoma syndrome with malignancy is reviewed.

PMID- 3707176
TI  - Lupus erythematosus panniculitis with partial genetic deficiency of C2 and C4 in
      a child.
AB  - A 7-year-old girl developed recurrent febrile nodules and subcutaneous plaques on
      her arm, shoulder, and face. Primary acquired toxoplasmosis was diagnosed at
      onset, because of associated lymphadenopathy and detection of specific IgM. Skin
      lesions were responsive to therapy with systemic steroids but progressed to
      atrophy and poikiloderma within a few months. Subsequently, chloroquine therapy
      has been instituted and no relapse has occurred. Histopathologic findings and
      direct immunofluorescence studies were diagnostic of lupus erythematosus
      panniculitis. Electron microscopy showed lamellar inclusions within mast cells.
      Results of laboratory investigations disclosed leukopenia and hypocomplementemia
      with low C2 serum levels. A family study of the complement system, including C4
      and Bf phenotyping and HLA A, B, and DR haplotyping, revealed the carriage of
      both C2 and C4A null alleles in the propositus. This observation suggests an
      additional link between lupus erythematosus panniculitis and the remainder of the
      lupus erythematosus clinical spectrum.

PMID- 3707177
TI  - Enlarging ulcerated tumor on the back. Eccrine sweat gland carcinoma (SGC)-
      metastatic.

PMID- 3707178
TI  - Annular hyperkeratosis. Porokeratosis of Mibelli.

PMID- 3707179
TI  - Nosology of febrile convulsions.

PMID- 3707180
TI  - Management of children who have swallowed button batteries.

PMID- 3707181
TI  - QT interval measurements before sudden infant death syndrome.
AB  - Standard electrocardiogram recordings were performed on a total of 7254 newly
      born infants from two maternity hospitals. Fifteen recordings were obtained on 15
      infants who subsequently suffered sudden infant death syndrome. None showed
      lengthening of QT intervals sufficient to warrant the description of 'long QT
      syndrome'. When the QT intervals corrected for heart rate of cases with sudden
      infant death syndrome were compared with controls in age matched groups or after
      individual matching for postnatal age, hospital of birth, and weight at birth, no
      significant differences could be identified.

PMID- 3707182
TI  - Emotional difficulties in diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Sixty children and adolescents with diabetes aged between 9 and 18 years were
      investigated for emotional difficulties in association with their diabetic
      control. Seventeen (28%) had appreciable emotional or behavioural difficulties
      according to parental report, and seven (12%) considered themselves 'possibly
      depressed'. These latter patients had a mean glycosylated haemoglobin
      concentration below 10%, poorer self esteem, and a greater external locus of
      control. Three were considered not to have pronounced emotional difficulties
      according to parental report.

PMID- 3707183
TI  - Plasma zinc concentrations in iron supplemented low birthweight infants.
AB  - We investigated the effect of prolonged iron supplementation of low birthweight
      infants on plasma zinc concentrations. Thirty infants (neonatal weight 820-2000
      g) were examined at 6 or 12 months of life to assess their iron state and plasma
      zinc concentration. All of them were feeding on iron fortified formulas, which
      supply about 1 mg/kg/day of iron. In addition, 14 of them had been receiving 2
      mg/kg/day of medicinal ferrous salts for at least five months. The other 16 were
      not given medicinal iron supplementation. Whereas iron state significantly
      differed in the two groups, plasma zinc concentrations were similar. Moreover, no
      zinc values below 75 micrograms/100 ml were found in any case. The results
      suggest that long term iron supplementation of low birthweight infants, at the
      recommended doses, does not influence zinc plasma concentrations unfavourably.

PMID- 3707184
TI  - Vitamin K and Thrombotest values in full term infants.
AB  - The vitamin K dependent clotting factors were measured by the 'Thrombotest' on
      the second day of life in 72 healthy full term babies, half of whom had received
      vitamin K at birth. Forty eight of these were breast fed, and those not given
      vitamin K had significantly lower Thrombotest values than those who had received
      vitamin K. By contrast, administration of vitamin K did not affect the
      Thrombotest values in bottle fed babies, the values in treated and untreated
      babies being the same and of the same order as the level in those breast fed
      babies treated with vitamin K. Serial study of 18 normal breast fed babies tested
      at day 0 and day 2 showed a pronounced drop in the Thrombotest values in this
      period, which was prevented by one intramuscular dose of 1 mg vitamin K at birth.
      Although none of the neonates in this study showed haemorrhagic disease, nine of
      the 24 untreated breast fed infants had Thrombotest values below 10% on day 2, at
      which level bleeding has been reported.

PMID- 3707185
TI  - Bilirubin binding in premature infants from birth to 3 months.
AB  - The effect of postnatal age on serum bilirubin binding measurements was studied
      prospectively in extremely premature infants of 25-28 weeks' gestation. Serum was
      obtained from 10 infants at birth, 2-4 days of age, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8
      weeks, and 10-13 weeks. Using peroxidase oxidation, the apparent unbound
      bilirubin concentration (AUBC) was measured and plotted versus the molar ratio of
      total bilirubin:albumin (R) using the empiric power curve AUBC = aRb. The
      apparent unbound bilirubin concentration at bilirubin:albumin ratio 0.6 was used
      to compare relative binding ability among specimens. This value, as well as the
      apparent association constants, showed dramatic deterioration after birth, which
      persisted without improvement until 8 weeks of age. This pattern of recovery
      correlated in general with the resolution of clinical problems. Binding values
      equivalent to adult serum were achieved by 10-13 weeks. This study emphasises
      that diminished bilirubin binding by the sera of premature infants can persist
      for a prolonged period.

PMID- 3707186
TI  - When are burns not accidental?
AB  - One hundred and ninety five children aged up to 6 years with burns and scalds (30
      non-accidental and 165 accidental) were studied retrospectively. The history,
      presentation, and other typical injuries assisted the diagnosis of abuse. Scalds
      accounted for 81% of accidents and 25% of the cases of abuse, and burns for 17%
      and 44%, respectively. Scalds usually followed spillage from kitchen containers
      in accidents and forced tap water immersion in cases of abuse. Burns in cases of
      both accidents and abuse resulted from contact with a wide range of household
      appliances, including room heaters. Attention is drawn to the back of the hand as
      an important site in cases of abuse, as well as the legs, buttocks, and feet. It
      is speculated that the low level of reporting of this form of child abuse
      reflects failure of diagnosis.

PMID- 3707187
TI  - Physical activity and self treatment in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - A programme of increased physical activity and self treatment based on the forced
      expiration technique was introduced to 14 adolescent patients with cystic
      fibrosis, diagnosed since infancy or early childhood, who had gastrointestinal
      and pulmonary symptoms. Twelve patients who fulfilled the one year programme had
      unchanged clinical conditions, pulmonary function tests, and chest x ray films.
      There was a significant improvement in oxygen pressure correlated to the period
      of increased physical activity. Other blood gas variables, including pH, standard
      bicarbonate, and base excess, also indicated significant changes, mainly during
      exercise. The study shows that daily physical activity improves the pulmonary gas
      exchange and that self treatment combined with physical activity is as efficient
      as conventional physiotherapy.

PMID- 3707188
TI  - Non-tuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis.
AB  - Most cases of mycobacterial lymphadenitis in children are caused by non
      tuberculous mycobacteria, previously called the atypical mycobacteria. It is
      important to differentiate non-tuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis from
      tuberculous lymphadenitis as the treatment is different. We reviewed 19 children
      (12 girls and seven boys) with non-tuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis to
      define likely presenting features, helpful diagnostic measurements, and optimum
      management. Mean age at diagnosis was 5.2 years. Most had no systemic upset and
      clear chest x ray films. Cervical nodes were the commonest affected, and
      enlargement was usually unilateral. Mean duration of swelling was 6.6 weeks, and
      63% of the nodes had an appearance suggestive of cold abscess. Routine
      haematology was unhelpful, and standard tuberculin testing performed in 47%
      yielded negative results in two thirds. Differential Mantoux testing with human
      purified protein derivative and an avium-intracellular antigen may be more
      useful. Antituberculous drugs were ineffective. The organism was usually highly
      resistant. Total excision is the treatment of choice. Antituberculous drugs are
      unnecessary.

PMID- 3707189
TI  - Carriage of penicillin resistant pneumococci.
AB  - A survey of 303 urban and 156 rural children showed nasopharyngeal carriage of
      relatively resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae organisms in 14.2% and 19.2% of
      children, respectively. These organisms have minimum inhibitory concentrations
      for penicillin in the range of 0.12-1 microgram/ml. An analysis of 40 relatively
      resistant S. pneumoniae strains showed resistance to co-trimoxazole in 47.5%,
      trimethoprim in 42.5%, fusidic acid in 20%, tetracycline in 2.5%, and rifampicin
      in 5%. All the strains were susceptible to chloramphenicol and vancomycin, while
      the minimum inhibitory concentrations of third generation cephalosporins and
      imipenem were comparable with or lower than those of penicillin. Eighty three per
      cent of the strains tested belonged to serogroups 6 and 19. These findings are
      discussed in relation to the poor clinical response to treatment with penicillin
      for relatively resistant S. pneumoniae meningitis, and the minimum inhibitory
      concentrations of alternate agents under review for treatment of systemic
      pneumococcal disease are presented.

PMID- 3707190
TI  - Failure to vaccinate against whooping cough.
AB  - We describe a prospective study in which we investigated why children fail to get
      vaccinated against whooping cough, including an assessment of the attitudes of
      parents and professionals and the impact of different views of the
      contraindications. There was considerable disagreement among the professionals on
      the interpretation of the contraindications to immunisation, and the commonest
      reason for omitting pertussis vaccine was advice from the doctor based on dubious
      contraindications. When faced with parents anxious about the risks of
      immunisation health professionals are unable to find reassurance in the list of
      contraindications to immunisation.

PMID- 3707191
TI  - Functional aerobic capacity and body size.
AB  - An endurance treadmill exercise test protocol of two minute stages of increasing
      speed and gradient has been designed and evaluated for children under 10 years of
      age. There was a significant relation between test protocol time and oxygen
      uptake measured in ml/kg/min in tests performed on 20 subjects. One hundred and
      sixty exercise tests performed in a semi longitudinal study of healthy primary
      schoolchildren were used to assess the relation of functional aerobic capacity
      with age and size. In boys functional aerobic capacity measured by predicting
      maximal oxygen uptake from endurance time in the treadmill test increased from
      33.8 ml/kg/min at age 5 to 50.5 ml/kg/min at age 9.5 and was most closely related
      to age. The variables of size were not significant in predicting functional
      aerobic capacity for boys. In girls functional aerobic capacity increased from
      34.9 to 43.5 ml/kg/min at the same ages and was related positively to lean body
      mass and age but negatively to weight. For girls lean body mass contributed 53.9%
      to the variance of functional aerobic capacity in stepwise multiple regression,
      weight 7.7%, and age 3.5%. A significant difference between the sexes was found.

PMID- 3707192
TI  - Improving survival in bacterial endocarditis.
AB  - Twenty six cases of bacterial endocarditis in infancy and childhood were treated
      with a mortality of less than 8%. Twenty two had recognised congenital heart
      disease and four had previously normal hearts. Thirteen out of the 24 cases with
      positive blood cultures had staphylococcal infection. Appropriate antibiotics
      were identified by measurement of the minimum bactericidal concentration as an
      indicator of antibiotic sensitivity. The bactericidal activity of the patient's
      serum during treatment was monitored by back titration against the causative
      organism to assess the optimal antibiotic combination and dosage. Treatment was
      continued for six weeks in most cases, comprising intravenous treatment for at
      least the first three weeks, but then being substituted with oral treatment in
      some. Twenty one cases were successfully treated medically. Five developed
      complications requiring surgery, two of whom died.

PMID- 3707193
TI  - Reading disability and middle ear disease.
AB  - The association between specific reading disability and middle ear disease was
      investigated in a longitudinal study of 962 children followed from age 5 to 11.
      No significant differences were found in the prevalence of middle ear
      abnormalities between the reading disabled group (n = 49) and the remainder.

PMID- 3707194
TI  - Cerebral atrophy and nephropathic cystinosis.
AB  - The management of end stage renal failure in cystinotic children is correlated
      with a longer survival, sometimes complicated with neurological abnormalities.
      Cranial computed tomography was performed in 10 patients and showed a significant
      atrophy; the pathogenesis of this damage remains unclear.

PMID- 3707195
TI  - Twenty year review of duodenal ulcer.
AB  - Of 31 patients (18 male and 13 female) followed up 13-29 years after diagnosis,
      recurrent or persistent duodenal ulcer had occurred in four. In 22 (71%)
      gastrointestinal symptoms persisted into adult life, although only abdominal pain
      was significantly more frequent than in 126 controls.

PMID- 3707196
TI  - Aortic incompetence in pauciarticular juvenile chronic arthritis.
AB  - An 8 year old girl with seronegative pauciarticular onset juvenile chronic
      arthritis who developed progressive joint destruction and aortic incompetence is
      presented.

PMID- 3707197
TI  - Prevention of mental handicap in developing countries.

PMID- 3707198
TI  - The state of the world's children.

PMID- 3707199
TI  - Early congenital syphilis still occurs.

PMID- 3707200
TI  - Characterization of a streptomycete growing on organophosphate and carbamate
      insecticides.

PMID- 3707201
TI  - Reproduction of bobwhites fed different dietary concentrations of an
      organophosphate insecticide, methamidophos.

PMID- 3707202
TI  - Wildlife in some areas of New Mexico and Texas accumulate elevated DDE residues,
      1983.

PMID- 3707203
TI  - Distribution of heavy metals and their age-related changes in the eastern great
      white egret, Egretta alba modesta, in Korea.

PMID- 3707204
TI  - Two short-term toxicity tests for the calanoid copepod Eurytemora herdmani using
      a complex effluent.

PMID- 3707205
TI  - Metabolites of the naphthenic hydrocarbon dodecylcyclohexane in rainbow trout
      liver and their incorporation into lipids.

PMID- 3707207
TI  - [Clinical thought. And technological advances].

PMID- 3707206
TI  - X-irradiation effects on growth and metamorphosis of gastropod larvae (Crepidula
      fornicata): a model for environmental radiation teratogenesis.

PMID- 3707208
TI  - [Topography of urologic injuries in abdominal hysterectomy. Therapeutic
      indications].

PMID- 3707209
TI  - [Value of computerized axial tomography in the diagnosis of idiopathic
      retroperitoneal fibrosis. Apropos of 2 new cases].

PMID- 3707210
TI  - [Aggressive preoperative chemotherapy in infiltrating bladder carcinoma with a
      combination of cisplatin, cyclophosphamide and adriamycin. Preliminary report].

PMID- 3707211
TI  - [Acute scrotum in Schonlein-Henoch syndrome].

PMID- 3707212
TI  - [Kaposi's sarcoma of the skin of the penis].

PMID- 3707213
TI  - [Abortive form of polycystic disease or renal polycysts, infantile type. Review
      of the entity and presentation of a case].

PMID- 3707214
TI  - [Nucleus with calcified renal tubules in the interior of a small whewellite
      calculus].

PMID- 3707215
TI  - Genetic analysis of families of patients with Behcet's syndrome: data
      incompatible with autosomal recessive inheritance.
AB  - Data on families with Behcet's syndrome were analysed to test a hypothesis of
      autosomal recessive inheritance. Fifteen families from the UK and nine from
      Turkey were included. There were 27 individuals with Behcet's syndrome according
      to the Japanese criteria and 119 unaffected individuals. There were no affected
      parents in the families. The 'goodness of fit' test of Elandt-Johnson was applied
      to the distribution of affected individuals in these families, and the data were
      found to be incompatible with autosomal recessive inheritance. HLA associations
      were also examined in patients and relatives, and this led to re-examination of
      previously published data on HLA associations with Behcet's syndrome.

PMID- 3707216
TI  - Assessment of inflammation in the rheumatoid knee joint: correlation between
      clinical, radioisotopic, and thermographic methods.
AB  - Standard clinical methods of assessing joint inflammation are being supplemented
      increasingly by radioisotopic and thermographic studies. However, the correlation
      between these different methods has not been firmly established. In the
      quantification of synovitis by infrared thermography we have shown that the heat
      distribution index (HDI) based on thermal pattern is more reliable and is less
      affected by diurnal variations in joint temperature than the commonly used
      thermographic index, which is based on average skin temperature values. In 20
      patients with rheumatoid arthritis whose knees were being treated with intra
      articular steroid we obtained 184 serial paired observations over a period of 24
      weeks for clinical assessment, HDI, and 99mTc pertechnetate uptake. We found
      significant correlations (p less than 0.001) between the three methods of
      assessment (except for pain and HDI (p = 0.116)).

PMID- 3707217
TI  - Atypical erosive osteoarthritis and Sjogren's syndrome.
AB  - An unusual, destructive form of erosive hand arthropathy is described in five
      postmenopausal women. Although early clinical and radiological findings were most
      in keeping with a diagnosis of erosive osteoarthritis (EOA), hand involvement
      progressed to a distribution intermediate between EOA and rheumatoid arthritis
      (RA). Although asymptomatic, all patients had features of Sjogren's syndrome
      (SS), including keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) and lymphocytic foci in labial
      biopsy specimens. These cases, which are clinically unlike either RA or EOA, may
      represent a unique arthropathy associated with sicca features.

PMID- 3707218
TI  - Biochemical and histological changes in osteoarthritic synovial membrane.
AB  - In order to investigate the relationship between the synovial inflammatory
      response and lysosomal enzyme activity in osteoarthritis, synovial specimens
      obtained from 19 osteoarthritic patients and control specimens from 10 normal
      joints were analysed for cathepsin D and acid phosphatase enzyme levels. In
      estimating enzyme activities methods previously developed for quantitative enzyme
      determination in cartilage were modified and applied to synovial tissues for the
      first time. In addition, samples of osteoarthritic synovium were histologically
      graded according to their degree of inflammation. It was found that in
      osteoarthritic synovium cathepsin D and acid phosphatase, which is a general
      marker for lysosomal enzyme activity, were significantly increased compared with
      normal control synovium. No significant relationship was found between the degree
      of synovial tissue inflammation and lysosomal enzyme activity.

PMID- 3707219
TI  - Hyperlipoproteinaemia in primary gout: hyperlipoproteinaemic phenotype and
      influence of alcohol intake and obesity in Japan.
AB  - Serum lipoprotein profiles were investigated in 108 male patients with primary
      gout before treatment to elucidate the prevalence of each individual phenotype of
      coexisting hyperlipoproteinaemia and pathogenic factors responsible for it. The
      mean serum triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels in the patients
      with gout were 2.10 +/- 0.14 mmol/l and 5.26 +/- 0.10 mmol/l (mean +/- SEM)
      respectively, which were significantly higher (p less than 0.01 and p less than
      0.05 respectively) than the levels in age matched controls without gout (1.30 +/-
      0.07 mmol/l and 4.77 +/- 0.08 mmol/l respectively). Serum high density
      lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) values were slightly decreased in patients with
      gout compared with controls (1.24 +/- 0.08 mmol/l v 1.40 +/- 0.03 mmol/l, p less
      than 0.05). Hyperlipoproteinaemia was seen in 61 patients (56%), of whom patients
      with type IIa, IIb, and IV hyperlipoproteinaemia formed 13, 15, and 69%
      respectively. Thus the prevalence of type IV hyperlipoproteinaemia was high in
      primary gout as compared with primary hyperlipoproteinaemia with primary
      hyperlipoproteinaemia (69% v 43%, p less than 0.01). The independent and relative
      influences of clinical data of the patients upon the concentrations of serum
      lipids were assessed by stepwise multiple regression analysis. Two major
      predictors of serum TG level were alcohol intake (p less than 0.01) and serum
      uric acid level (p less than 0.05). The most significant predictive variable was
      alcohol intake, but its influence was judged to be small (r2 = 0.067). None of
      the other variables, including obesity index, had any significant influence. The
      relationships between any of these variables and serum TC or HDL-C levels were
      not significant. In addition, serum lipid levels were investigated in patients
      with neither obesity (defined as 120% or more of ideal body weight) nor a history
      of alcohol intake. Their serum TG and TC concentrations were also significantly
      higher than the respective control levels. Thus hyperlipoproteinaemia in primary
      gout its unlikely to be secondary to excess alcohol intake or obesity, or both.
      Instead, it may result from genetic factors such as a combined hyperlipidaemic
      trait.

PMID- 3707220
TI  - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - We report two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus who subsequently
      developed thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. In each case the coexistence of
      these two conditions was confirmed by pathological findings. Both patients
      responded to treatment, but one eventually died. A review of the literature
      suggests a possible relationship between the two disorders.

PMID- 3707221
TI  - Small joint involvement: a systematic roentgenographic study in rheumatoid
      arthritis.
AB  - Standard hand and foot roentgenograms from 200 consecutively hospitalised
      patients with definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were read for
      marginal erosions by three independent observers. For each joint or group of
      joints analysed the degree of symmetry (S = absolute symmetry, U = unilateral, PS
      = partial symmetry) was determined. The total number of joints affected
      significantly correlated only with disease duration; symmetry of erosions and
      number of affected patients were not influenced by seropositivity.
      Metatarsophalangeal erosions (in 70%) were the most common and were classified as
      S in 16%, U in 21%, and PS in 63%. Metacarpophalangeal erosions (in 68%) were
      also common, with a symmetry pattern of S in 19%, U in 21%, and PS in 60%.
      Proximal finger interphalangeal erosions (in 42%) were unilateral in 42% (S in 8%
      and PS in 50%). The only site where symmetry was usual (90%) was the wrist, but
      radiocarpal and intercarpal joints were considered together. Erosions also
      occurred in about 16% of the finger distal interphalangeal and 28% of the great
      toe interphalangeal joints. In RA roentgenographic asymmetry is usual and
      unilateral involvement common.

PMID- 3707222
TI  - Manubriosternal joint dislocation in rheumatoid arthritis: the role of thoracic
      kyphosis.
AB  - A case report of manubriosternal joint (MSJ) dislocation in a rheumatoid patient
      with thoracic kyphosis is presented together with a review of the relevant
      literature. Variations in the anatomical nature of the MSJ between normal
      individuals are described. In 43% of the population its characteristics are noted
      to be such that it may be involved in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A joint thus
      involved can be dislocated by forces generated by longstanding thoracic kyphosis
      and transmitted to the manubrium via the first rib. Xeroradiographs of the MSJ
      region in our patient showed dislocation of the joint in the upright position and
      its subsequent reduction on lying the patient flat. We suggest that this
      demonstrated reduction is secondary to the lessening of the thoracic kyphosis
      that occurs in the supine position. It is concluded that in RA MSJ dislocation is
      a function of thoracic kyphosis.

PMID- 3707223
TI  - Tendon rupture in systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 3707224
TI  - Sweat gland function in Sjogren's syndrome.

PMID- 3707225
TI  - Tissue typing in brucellosis.

PMID- 3707226
TI  - Presidential address: graduate medical education. A costly continuum.

PMID- 3707227
TI  - Routine breast screening. Survival after 10.5 years follow-up.
AB  - Beginning in 1973, the Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project at Georgia
      Baptist Medical Center screened 8058 supposedly asymptomatic volunteers. Those
      screenees found to have cancer were treated by various surgeons, using all types
      of treatment with varying expertise. There has been 100% follow-up after 10.5
      years. The overall survival is 90.8%. The women over 50 in all categories
      survived longer than the younger age group. Those women with lesions 1 cm or
      smaller survived longer than those with larger lesions. The women whose tumor was
      not palpable clinically and was discovered by roentgenogram had the best survival
      rates (96.8%). In the less-than-50 age group whose cancer was detected by
      roentgenogram alone, 88.2% survived 10.5 years, while 100% of the older group is
      still living. These results do not consider the type of therapy nor the skill
      with which it was administered and is the result of routine screening only.

PMID- 3707228
TI  - Physiologic evaluation of esophageal function in patients with achalasia and
      diffuse esophageal spasm.
AB  - To evaluate function of the normal and pathologic esophageal body under more
      physiologic conditions than those utilized for traditional laboratory testing,
      manometry was performed before and during eating using a catheter assembly
      containing three peripheral transducers. Studies were evaluated from seven normal
      volunteers, 18 typical achalasia patients (eight before and 10 after
      esophagomyotomy), and eight patients with diffuse esophageal spasm (DES) as
      characterized by frequent simultaneous and repetitive contractions. In the
      preprandial period, all had similar frequencies of esophageal contractions,
      although there was a wide range. During eating, the frequency of contractions
      increased in all groups; however, the contraction frequency in unoperated
      achalasia patients, 12.7 +/- 5.0 contractions/min, significantly exceeded the
      frequency in normal volunteers of 4.9 +/- 1.3 contractions/min, p less than 0.01.
      The frequency was lower in operated achalasia patients, 9.4 +/- 6.5
      contractions/min, but still exceeded that of normal volunteers, p less than 0.01.
      Patients with DES also had more frequent contractions, 10.5 +/- 9.7
      contractions/min, than did the normal volunteers, p less than 0.01. The mean
      pressure of esophageal contractions for both achalasia groups was similar and was
      significantly lower than for the normal volunteers. Pressure in the DES patients
      was intermediate. It is concluded that patients with achalasia have lower
      pressure but more frequent contractions than normal volunteers during eating, and
      this spasm-like activity may be a more important pathophysiologic factor in their
      dysphagia than previously recognized. Esophagomyotomy does decrease the frequency
      of these contractions. Frequency, but not pressure, of contractions differs from
      normal in patients with DES.

PMID- 3707229
TI  - Achalasia of the esophagus. Treatment controversies and the method of choice.
AB  - During a 15-year period, 62 patients were treated for achalasia of the esophagus.
      Pneumatic dilation (PD) had been performed initially in 46 and was successful in
      23; failures were due to acute perforation of the esophagus, persistent
      dysphagia, or pathologic gastroesophageal reflux. Esophagomyotomy alone (EM) was
      performed in 19 individuals resulting in definite improvement in 12; four
      patients had moderate reflux or dysphagia, and three of these required another
      surgical procedure. An extended myotomy with an antireflux procedure (M-NF) was
      performed in 13 patients with symptomatic relief in 12; one patient required
      reconstruction of a too-tight fundoplication that caused persistent dysphagia.
      The advantages of pneumatic dilation were the ease of performance, patient
      acceptability, and an overall efficacy of 50%. Definitive surgical therapy, while
      more predictably effective in relieving dysphagia, was considerably more
      expensive in terms of patient discomfort and time. When pathologic reflux was
      present following a previous procedure, the M-NF was performed; obstruction of
      the esophagus did not occur if the fundoplication was "floppy." The M-NF deserves
      consideration as the surgical procedure of choice for achalasia.

PMID- 3707230
TI  - Bronchopulmonary foregut malformations. The spectrum of anomalies.
AB  - Ventral anomalies of accessory pulmonary tissue have been classified as
      "bronchopulmonary foregut malformations." Between July 1, 1981, and May 31, 1985,
      10 children with bronchopulmonary malformations have been cared for on the
      Pediatric Surgical Service at the University of Virginia. Six patients had
      bronchogenic cysts, one in an extrathoracic location and one associated with a
      pulmonary sequestration. Diagnosis was suspected in each case by plain chest
      radiographs and confirmed by computed tomography scans and ultrasound. Four
      patients had pulmonary sequestrations, two in association with diaphragmatic
      hernias. One patient had accessory pulmonary tissue, best classified as a
      tracheal lobe. Diagnosis in this patient was confirmed by bronchography. Nine
      patients underwent excision of the malformation without event. In one patient, a
      bronchogenic cyst was treated successfully by thoracoscopy. Review of the anatomy
      of these malformations leads to the conclusion that three embryologic events are
      cardinal in determining their ultimate form: (1) investment of the anomalous
      pulmonary tissue by the pulmonary artery; (2) the degree of involution of the
      original foregut communication; and (3) the stage of development leading to
      pleural investment.

PMID- 3707231
TI  - Anal continence following Soave procedure. Analysis of results in 100 patients.
AB  - The Soave procedure is an increasingly popular procedure for the definitive
      therapy of patients with ulcerative colitis. The authors present their experience
      with 100 patients in whom total proctocolectomy, rectal mucosal stripping, and
      ileoanal anastomosis (generally using an S-pouch) were carried out. The
      physiological and anatomical basis of continence is presented, and anastomosis at
      the top of the columns of Morgagni is recommended. Of the 100 patients in whom
      this procedure was performed, there was no mortality either in-hospital or later.
      Of the 12 patients in whom the anastomosis was done 1 cm above the top of the
      columns (and thus columnar epithelium was retained), six have recurrent anorectal
      disease, but all are continent both day and night. Three patients in whom the
      anastomosis was done at the dentate line have had difficulty with continence; two
      are now continent, but one, after being totally incontinent for 4 years, has
      required a permanent ileostomy. Of the 69 patients in whom the anastomosis was
      done at the top of the columns of Morgagni, five are incontinent at night only
      and two have seepage during both day and night. Thus, if the anastomosis is done
      at the level recommended, namely, at the top of the columns of Morgagni,
      retaining no columnar epithelium and anastomosing the ileal pouch to transitional
      epithelium (which the authors believe not to be subject to the disease of
      ulcerative colitis), daytime continence will be achieved in 97% and total day and
      night continence in 90%. The evidence presented suggests that a properly done
      pull-through procedure with ileoanal anastomosis is the procedure of choice for
      ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 3707232
TI  - Gastroesophageal reflux. pH probe-directed therapy.
AB  - Two groups of newborns and infants with gastroesophageal reflux (GER) were
      retrospectively analyzed for the diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic guidance
      offered by extended intraesophageal pH monitoring. There were 28 patients in
      group I whose major presenting sign was recurrent pneumonia due to GER, and 22
      patients in group II, with apnea caused by GER. The pH probe was 100% accurate in
      identifying the presence of GER. Barium esophagram was accurate 46% of the time.
      The pH probe accurately identified the appropriate mode of therapy in all
      patients. In the medically treated GER/Pneumonia group, the mean number of
      episodes of GER per 24 hours was 24, whereas in the surgical group the mean
      number was 63. Similarly, in the medically treated GER/Apnea group, the mean
      number of reflux episodes per 24 hours was 26, whereas the surgical group
      experienced 64. Had the pH probe been used to guide therapy, no patient would
      have been treated inappropriately. The number of patients in this report is not
      large. Prospective verification of these observations is required before this
      methodology can be utilized routinely in patients with GER.

PMID- 3707233
TI  - Alkaline reflux gastritis. Late results on a controlled trial of diagnosis and
      treatment.
AB  - In 1977, a controlled, prospective trial was initiated to test the hypothesis
      that excessive enterogastric (EG) reflux was responsible for a unique
      postgastrectomy syndrome, "alkaline reflux gastritis." Late (42 +/- 3 months)
      follow-up on all treated patients (N = 14; Rx = 45 cm Roux Y limb) is reported.
      The following parameters were assessed in symptomatic (N = 11 nonrefluxers, 15
      refluxers) and asymptomatic postgastrectomy patients (N = 9): CCK-stimulated
      scintographically determined EG reflux (EGRI %), intragastric (IG) concentration
      of bile acids (BA, mM), net bile acid reflux/hr (microM), maximum acid output
      (mEq/hr), intragastric pH, gastric emptying of 99Tc-labeled solids (T 1/2;
      minutes), gastritis score (GS = 0-15), and specific symptomotology. A significant
      linear relationship was noted between intragastric BA concentration and the
      severity of histologic gastritis in the residual gastric pouch. As a group,
      excessive refluxers demonstrated significantly greater IG BA concentration, net
      BA reflux/hour, and EGRI than did either nonrefluxers or controls. Gastritis
      score in this group was also greater, intragastric pH higher, and maximal acid
      output (MAO) lower. Gastric emptying was not different between groups. Following
      Roux (N = 14), reflux was eliminated early and late, pH fell, MAO increased, and
      gastritis improved. Early marked delays in emptying occurred but normalized late
      and were rarely a clinical problem. Early symptomatic results were pain
      eliminated in 14/14, nausea in 8/14, vomiting 11/14, bilious vomiting in 14/14.
      Complications were one marginal ulcer (no vagotomy), two severe delays in
      emptying (simultaneous Roux + vagotomy). Late symptomatic results were recurrent
      or persistent pain in 4/14, nausea in 7/14, vomiting in 5/14. Bilious vomiting
      remains eliminated.

PMID- 3707235
TI  - Denervated splenopancreatic flap for chronic pancreatitis.
AB  - Various surgical procedures have addressed the disabling pain of chronic
      pancreatitis. Pain control must be weighed against the surgical morbidity and
      metabolic consequences of operation. Although ductal drainage works well for
      patients with dilated ducts, a new procedure was devised to avoid the diabetic
      morbidity of near-total pancreatectomy or pancreaticoduodenectomy in patients
      with small duct pancreatitis. Five patients have undergone the splenopancreatic
      flap procedure. The head of the pancreas is resected in a manner similar to near
      total pancreatectomy, while the body and tail are denervated by dissection from
      their bed, with retrograde perfusion from the splenic hilus. All patients are
      alive a mean of 9 months after operation, and none is diabetic. Only one patient
      requires narcotic analgesics. Although none is asymptomatic, all have shown
      significant weight gain, and four of five are vocationally rehabilitated. Flap
      viability and the absence of transgastric varices have been documented by
      angiography and CT scanning. Although the durability of pain relief and islet
      cell function is unknown, these results suggest that this procedure may offer an
      alternative to major resection in chronic pancreatitis.

PMID- 3707234
TI  - Selective drainage for pancreatic, biliary, and duodenal obstruction secondary to
      chronic fibrosing pancreatitis.
AB  - Twenty-eight patients underwent surgery for intractable pain, duodenal or
      extrahepatic biliary obstruction secondary to chronic pancreatitis. Eleven had
      pancreatic duct obstruction alone, six biliary obstruction alone, seven combined
      pancreatic and biliary, two combined biliary and duodenal, one combined
      pancreatic and duodenal, and one simultaneous pancreatic, biliary, and duodenal
      obstruction. Pancreatitis was secondary to alcohol in all but one case. The
      following operations were performed: longitudinal pancreatojejunostomy (20),
      choledochoduodenostomy (8), choledochojejunostomy (7), cholecystojejunostomy (1),
      and gastrojejunostomy (4). Of the 20 patients with pancreatic duct drainage, pain
      relief was complete in 11 and partial in six. Initial incomplete relief of pain,
      or recurrence, stimulated further diagnostic procedures, leading to improvement
      or correction of the problem in five patients. A significant (p less than 0.01)
      fall in alkaline phosphatase (935 +/- 228 to 219 +/- 61 U/L) occurred following
      surgery. One patient was subsequently found to have pancreatic carcinoma. Two
      patients were lost to follow-up and four patients died (one perioperative and
      three late). In conclusion, the possibility of pancreatic, biliary, and duodenal
      obstruction must be considered in symptomatic patients with chronic pancreatitis.
      Surgery must be individualized. Drainage procedures, either alone or in
      combination, are associated with a low morbidity and improved clinical condition
      and may be preferable to resection in the surgical management of these patients.

PMID- 3707237
TI  - General vascular surgery and the thoracic surgeon.

PMID- 3707236
TI  - Resolution of postoperative ileus in humans.
AB  - Bipolar electrodes were placed in the ascending and descending colon of 13
      patients during laparotomy. The magnitude of their operations varied from
      exploratory laparotomy to total gastrectomy. The magnitude and length of the
      operations performed did not correlate positively with the duration of
      postoperative ileus. Signals were recorded for up to 4 hours daily for up to 8
      days after operation during periods of rest and, in some patients, after
      administration of epidural or parenteral morphine sulfate. Power spectrum
      analyses of electrical control activity (ECA) showed dominant frequencies in both
      lower (2-9 cpm) and higher (9-14 cpm) ranges. During postoperative recovery, the
      mean ECA frequencies in right and left colon were relatively constant, but a
      variety of dominant ECA frequency relationships were observed. The modal pattern
      in the right colon was a shift in the dominant frequency from the higher to the
      lower range as recovery progressed, while the modal pattern in the left colon was
      persistent dominance of ECA in the higher frequency range. Electrical response
      activity (ERA) initially was comprised of only random, disorganized single bursts
      but became progressively more complex through the initial 3 postoperative days
      with the appearance of more organized bursts and clusters, some of which
      propagated very slowly (about 5 cm/min) both orad and aborad. ERA recovery
      culminated, typically on the third or fourth postoperative day, with the return
      of long bursts of continuous ERA, some of which propagated at a higher velocity
      (about 80 cm/min) and exclusively in the aborad direction and which were
      accompanied by passage of flatus or by defecation.

PMID- 3707238
TI  - The effects of cardioplegic arrest on right atrial function.
AB  - Atrial electrical and mechanical activity persists during cardioplegic arrest. It
      has been postulated that atrial ischemia may occur and cause deterioration in
      atrial function. This study was designed to assess the effect of cardioplegic
      arrest on right atrial function. Twenty-one pigs were placed on cardiopulmonary
      bypass (CPB), and the right atrium was isolated from the circulation by snaring
      both venae cavae and incising the coronary sinus. The tricuspid valve was closed
      through a small right ventriculotomy, and baseline atrial function was assessed
      using a compliant balloon in the atrium. Fourteen pigs underwent one hour of
      cardioplegic arrest (7 with cardioplegia alone [CCA group] and 7 with the
      addition of topical hypothermia [CCA + TH group]) followed by one hour of
      normothermic reperfusion. Seven other pigs were placed on CPB for the same period
      of time (CPB group). Atrial electrical and mechanical activity persisted at 45
      beats per minute in the CCA group but was virtually abolished in the CCA + TH
      group. Cardioplegic arrest caused considerable deterioration in right atrial
      function (developed pressure, 18.9 +/- 0.8 [baseline] versus 14.1 +/- 0.7 mm Hg;
      p less than 0.05; first derivative of atrial pressure [dP/dt], 187 +/- 19 versus
      134 +/- 25 mm Hg per second; p less than 0.05; 60 minutes of reperfusion and
      balloon volume of 20 ml). It was not affected by topical cooling. Right atrial
      developed pressure was maintained, but dP/dt was significantly reduced in the CPB
      group. This study suggests that cardioplegic arrest does not protect the atrium.

PMID- 3707239
TI  - Long-term results of porcine valve insertion for pulmonary regurgitation
      following repair of tetralogy of Fallot.
AB  - Between January 1975 and January 1985, 49 patients, aged 2 to 20 years, underwent
      porcine valve insertion for control of pulmonary regurgitation following repair
      of tetralogy of Fallot. In 9 patients the valve was placed at the time of the
      repair; in the remaining 40, valve insertion was performed 2 to 5 years
      postoperatively. The primary indications for valve implantation included
      progressive cardiomegaly and evidence of right ventricular (RV) dilatation or
      dysfunction. Operative technique emphasized ample enlargement of the RV outflow
      tract and main pulmonary artery to allow for insertion of a large valve and
      prevention of turbulence or stenosis. There was 1 hospital death (2%). Follow-up
      is available on remaining patients 1 to 10 years postoperatively. Considerable
      prosthetic valvar stenosis or regurgitation occurred in 7 patients (14%) 3 to 8
      years following insertion, including one after subacute bacterial endocarditis.
      The complication-free actuarial life was 82%, and the functional actuarial life
      was 84% at 10 years for the prosthesis. The data suggest that the porcine valve
      has a good long-term durability when inserted in the pulmonary position in
      pediatric patients.

PMID- 3707240
TI  - The surgical anatomy of the left ventricular outflow tract in atrioventricular
      septal defect.
AB  - The left ventricular (LV) outflow tract (OT) in atrioventricular (AV) septal
      defect is an important structure that paradoxically is hardly ever seen by a
      surgeon. The LVOT is prone to develop obstruction following surgical procedures,
      such as left AV valve replacement, that seemingly do not affect the LVOT itself.
      We examined 15 hearts with AV septal defects and noted the anatomical boundaries
      of the LVOT. Additionally, the LVOT was examined microscopically, and it was
      sectioned to replicate echocardiographic images. A sham operation was performed
      to show the extent of the proposed resection for AV valve replacement. The mean
      length of this area was 91.8 +/- 35.5% (range, 28.6 to 167.0%) of the diameter of
      the ascending aorta in our specimens of the Rastelli A variety. The mean diameter
      of the LVOT was 68.2 +/- 13.5% (range, 42.9 to 100.0%) of the diameter of the
      ascending aorta. The posterior wall of the OT can either be resected or widened.
      Resection seems to be opportune at AV valve replacement, whereas widening could
      be performed when the OT is intrinsically stenotic. When one fully appreciates
      the concept of a five-leaflet common valve, it is clear that the length of the OT
      depends on the extent of adherence between the superior bridging leaflet and the
      septal crest. In hearts that have two separate AV valve orifices, the OT is fully
      developed; there is no potential for interventricular shunting ("ostium primum
      defect"), because the superior bridging leaflet is always tightly adherent to the
      septal crest. AV valve replacement in these cases is especially
      hazardous.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3707241
TI  - Reoperation after aortic valvuloplasty for aortic regurgitation associated with
      ventricular septal defect.
AB  - Five patients underwent reoperations because residual or recurrent aortic
      regurgitation occurred after aortic valvuloplasty for aortic regurgitation
      associated with ventricular septal defect. The mean age at reoperation was 22
      years old, and the mean time interval between initial and second operation was 6
      years, 10 months. The pathological findings of the aortic valves showed tears and
      perforation of repaired leaflets in four patients and a giant pseudoaneurysm of
      the Valsalva sinus in one. Aortic valvuloplasties were performed again in three
      patients, and aortic valves were replaced with prosthetic valves in two. Slight
      to moderate regurgitant murmurs are still audible in patients who underwent these
      valvuloplasties. Ventricular septal defects should be closed before aortic
      regurgitation develops. If it has developed, however, valvuloplasty should be
      considered as a first choice in young patients. For adult patients, aortic valve
      replacement is recommended.

PMID- 3707242
TI  - Breast and pectoral muscle maldevelopment after anterolateral and posterolateral
      thoracotomies in children.
AB  - Anterolateral and posterolateral thoracotomies, involving an incision through the
      third and fourth intercostal space, have been used for the repair of congenital
      heart lesions in children during the past thirty years. We examined 28 patients
      who had undergone repair of atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, and
      coarctation of the aorta as children, through the anterolateral or posterolateral
      chest approach. Volumes of the breasts and pectoral muscles were obtained by a
      method using plaster molds, and linear dimensions of each chest side were
      measured. Questionnaires were completed that delineated the patients' perception
      of asymmetry of the chest. Infant breast tissue on cadavers was examined. We
      conclude that standard anterolateral thoracotomies result in a high frequency of
      breast or pectoral maldevelopment; 60% of our patients had a greater than 20%
      difference in volume between the two sides. We propose a modified operative
      approach that we believe will reduce the frequency of maldevelopment.

PMID- 3707243
TI  - Early and late results of repair of partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection
      to the superior vena cava with a pericardial baffle.
AB  - The early and late results of repair of partial anomalous pulmonary venous
      connection to the superior vena cava with a simple pericardial baffle without
      enlargement of the superior vena cava were examined. Fifteen consecutive patients
      received operations between 1973 and 1983, and all survived. They have been
      followed for a mean of 6 years and a minimum of 2 years. Nodal rhythm and atrial
      dysrhythmias were present in 6 patients (40%) early after operation. However,
      every patient resumed normal sinus rhythm prior to hospital discharge except 1
      adult who remained in the preoperative rhythm of atrial flutter-fibrillation. No
      patient has clinical evidence of a residual atrial level shunt or superior vena
      cava obstruction. All have received an excellent clinical result, and none,
      except the patient in chronic atrial fibrillation, require cardiac medication.
      These results are comparable or superior to those obtained with more intricate
      procedures that use either complex atrial flaps or translocation of the superior
      vena cava to the atrial appendage.

PMID- 3707244
TI  - The clinical profile and surgical treatment of tetralogy of Fallot in the adult:
      results of repair in 200 patients.
AB  - This report describes our 17-year experience with intracardiac repair in 200
      patients older than 14 years with tetralogy of Fallot. Congestive failure,
      hemoptysis, and cerebral abscess were present in 15, 10, and 3% of patients,
      respectively. Prior palliative shunts had been performed in 24.5% only.
      Polycythemia with a hematocrit greater than 60% was noted in 100 patients but was
      not considered an incremental risk factor (p greater than 0.05). A transannular
      gusset was utilized in 74% of patients in the last 5 years of the study. Hospital
      mortality was 1.3% in the last 5 years. Ninety-seven percent of survivors at
      follow-up are asymptomatic and leading an active life. Recatheterization data
      from 86 patients revealed excellent or good results in 88%. The incidence of
      residual ventricular defect was 1% overall, with a zero incidence in the last 12
      years. On the basis of this review, we consider that easier and hemodynamically
      satisfactory repair has been achieved in the adolescent and older patient
      compared with the child. The ultimate longevity, however, must await the results
      of long-term functional and serial hemodynamic evaluation.

PMID- 3707245
TI  - Motor activity of esophageal substitute (stomach, jejunal, and colon segments).
AB  - Manometric studies were performed to evaluate motor activity of several types of
      esophageal substitutes: total stomach (5 patients), isoperistaltic gastric tube
      (5 patients), jejunal Roux-en-Y loops (4 patients), and isoperistaltic left colon
      (15 patients). Motor behavior of substitutes was assessed following dry swallows
      and following several stimuli: intraluminar injection of 30 ml of water or 0.1N
      hydrochloric acid and swallowing pills. Following dry swallows, there was no
      response with either stomach or isoperistaltic gastric tube, jejunum showed a
      variable response, and a response was infrequent in patients with colon
      transplants. After dry swallows, transmission of the pressure wave through the
      anastomosis was not observed in any patient. Total stomach and isoperistaltic
      gastric tube did not respond to any stimulus. Jejunum responded with progressive
      waves after water and solid stimuli, and had a hyperkinetic response after acid
      injection. Colon had a constant (80 to 90%) and homogeneous response with
      progressive waves after all stimuli. After wet swallows, there was transmission
      through the anastomosis in 2 patients with colon transplants. Our data indicate
      that stomach and isoperistaltic gastric tubes do not contribute actively to the
      onward transmission of food in the digestive tract. Jejunum may contribute
      actively in digestive transit, but its responses are variable. Having steady and
      homogeneous responses, colon segments take an active part in transit.

PMID- 3707246
TI  - Prevention of myocardial injury during brain death by total cardiac sympathectomy
      in the Chacma baboon.
AB  - In a previous study, structural myocardial damage was found to occur in 60% of
      baboons after brain death had been induced by a rapid increase in intracranial
      pressure. In the present study, we attempt to clarify the causative mechanisms
      involved in the development of such injury. Three groups of baboons were
      subjected to brain death: group A, the control; group B, those with previous
      surgical or pharmacological cardiac sympathectomy or cardiac denervation; and
      group C, those with bilateral vagotomy, incomplete sympathectomy, or bilateral
      adrenalectomy. Electrocardiographic and hemodynamic responses to brain death were
      greatly modified in group B baboons compared with responses in groups A and C.
      Groups A and C showed a high incidence of myocardial necrosis, whereas no myocyte
      damage was seen in the hearts of group B baboons. The histological appearance of
      innervated hearts following brain death (groups A and C) may closely resemble
      that seen during an acute rejection episode following cardiac transplantation. We
      suggest that myocardial damage occurring during the process of dying may be
      related to endogenous catecholamine release (possibly resulting in increased
      calcium uptake by the myocardial cells), inducing various forms of myocyte
      necrosis. This may result in early failure in a donor heart following cardiac
      transplantation.

PMID- 3707247
TI  - Calcium entry blockers and cardioplegia: interaction between nifedipine,
      potassium, and hypothermia.
AB  - The potential additive protective effect provided by nifedipine to the University
      of Alabama Hospitals cardioplegia solution (ACS) was assessed with the use of a
      guinea pig heart-lung model of cardiopulmonary bypass and ischemic arrest. The
      addition of nifedipine consistently enhanced the protective properties of ACS
      infused at 37 degrees C; functional recovery was similar to that observed with
      cold ACS. Despite the additional protection under normothermic conditions,
      nifedipine did not improve recovery after infusion at 4 degrees C. The abolition
      by hypothermia of the protective effects of nifedipine suggests a similarity in
      action between nifedipine and hypothermic protection. The interaction between ACS
      and nifedipine was studied on bovine coronary arteries in vitro. Nifedipine
      caused a marked reduction in the coronary vasoconstricting effect of ACS, both
      under normothermic and hypothermic conditions. The use of nifedipine in
      cardioplegia may provide additional protection when uneven distribution of the
      cardioplegic solution is expected and hypothermic protection is unreliable.

PMID- 3707248
TI  - Myocardial protective effect of amiodarone in hypertrophied hearts during global
      ischemia.
AB  - The effect of amiodarone on the ischemic-reperfusion injury was tested in an
      isolated working preparation, using hypertrophied rat heart at 37 degrees C.
      Constant filling and afterload pressures and similar heart rates were used.
      Hearts from spontaneously hypertensive rats (N = 78) had thirty minutes of
      ischemia. Each received a 12-ml injection, by aortic root infusion, of amiodarone
      in normal saline or of normal saline alone at 37 degrees C at the onset of
      ischemia. Heart rate, aortic output, coronary sinus output, atrial pressure, and
      aortic pressure were recorded before and after global ischemia under steady-state
      conditions. Dose-response studies were performed at concentrations of 0.01 to 1.0
      mg/ml. At every dose administered, amiodarone was found to significantly
      ameliorate the deleterious effects of global ischemia. The maximal benefit of
      amiodarone (70 +/- 4.6% recovery of function [mean +/- standard error of the
      mean], p less than 0.01) was found to be 0.25 mg (0.021 mg/ml), or 0.11 mg/g wet
      heart weight. Improvement in survival (return of aortic output and heart rate
      following ischemia) with all doses of amiodarone was statistically significant (p
      less than 0.002). Decreased recovery of function following global ischemia when
      doses were greater than 0.25 mg may have been secondary to the known negative
      inotropic effects of the drug. The mechanisms for the protective effects of
      amiodarone may be coronary vasodilatation, antiarrhythmic stabilization, or
      inhibition of calcium flux at the slow channel.

PMID- 3707249
TI  - Role of free radical scavenger in protection of spinal cord during ischemia.
AB  - Previous work in our laboratory established an experimental model for the
      production of paraplegia in the anesthetized normothermic adult mongrel dog. The
      current study involves 24 animals divided into two equal groups: Group 1 served
      as control, and Group 2 received treatment with scavenger agent. Vascular
      occlusive clamps were placed on the thoracic aorta proximal to the left
      subclavian artery, on the left subclavian artery at its origin, and on the distal
      thoracic aorta at the diaphragm for 30 minutes. In Group 1,200 ml of normal
      saline solution (37 degrees C) was perfused into the occluded aortic segment at
      the rate of 0.33 ml per kilogram of body weight per minute. In Group 2, 90%
      dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in a dose of 0.1 gm/kg in normal saline solution (37
      degrees C) for a total volume of 200 ml, was likewise injected into the occluded
      aortic segment at the same infusion rate. Animals were observed for evidence of
      paresis in the postoperative period. Microscopic analysis revealed evidence of
      ischemic myelopathy in the control group but none in the treated group. Under the
      conditions of this experiment, we conclude that the scavenger agent DMSO has a
      highly protective effect on the spinal cord during ischemic insult.

PMID- 3707250
TI  - Thromboembolic obstruction of the pulmonary artery treated by endarterectomy.
AB  - Endarterectomy of a totally occluded right pulmonary artery by median sternotomy
      with cardiopulmonary bypass and intermittent circulatory arrest is described. The
      nature of the thrombus encountered and brisk backbleeding from the
      endarterectomized vessels predicted the functional improvement seen in the
      patient postoperatively. Reperfusion edema, which often complicates pulmonary
      artery thromboendarterectomy, was not observed. Preoperative assessment,
      postoperative management, and technical aspects of the operative procedure used
      in treating patients with thromboembolic obstruction of the pulmonary arteries
      are discussed.

PMID- 3707251
TI  - Neuroendocrine carcinoma of lung associated with bradycardia and episodic cardiac
      asystole.
AB  - A neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung associated with bradycardia and episodic
      cardiac asystole is reported. Cardiac dysfunction may have been caused by a
      hormonal factor produced by a carcinoma developing in the pulmonary
      neuroepithelial bodies because the bradycardia and periods of asystole
      disappeared after pneumonectomy, only to return months later when pleural
      metastatic tumor developed. No neoplastic involvement of the heart was present.
      Implications of a cholinesterase isoenzyme involvement in the cardiac dysfunction
      are discussed.

PMID- 3707252
TI  - Intraoperative pulmonary angioscopy using the flexible fiberoptic
      choledochoscope.
AB  - The use of fiberoptic angioscopy can be an important adjunct to the performance
      of pulmonary embolectomy. This technique can be performed rapidly and allows
      direct visualization of the pulmonary arteries.

PMID- 3707253
TI  - Transdiaphragmatic intercostal hernia.
AB  - A 72-year-old man was seen with cough-induced rib fractures, a diaphragmatic
      tear, and an intercostal hernia containing abdominal contents. A review of the
      literature of this rare problem is presented, and techniques of repair are
      discussed.

PMID- 3707254
TI  - Operative management of the calcified patent ductus arteriosus.
AB  - A technique in which the calcified adult patent ductus arteriosus can be safely
      divided using a left-sided thoracotomy approach without the need for transient
      aortic cross-clamping or cardiopulmonary bypass is described. Concentric, nested
      vascular clamps are placed on the noncalcified pulmonary artery side of the
      ductus, so that dissection and clamping of the heavily calcified ductus-aortic
      junction are unnecessary. The pulmonary artery rim surrounding the insertion of
      the ductus can be divided between the two clamps and oversewn.

PMID- 3707255
TI  - Homemade pressure limiting vein testing device.
AB  - A device that provides a simple but effective means of controlling and accurately
      monitoring static distending pressures within the vein throughout testing is
      described.

PMID- 3707256
TI  - Elimination of hemorrhage following right atrial catheter removal: a simple
      technique.
AB  - A simple technique to prevent postoperative bleeding following removal of a right
      atrial catheter is described. This technique involves reinforcing the catheter
      exit site with a Silastic Vesseloop.

PMID- 3707257
TI  - Sympathectomy in the treatment of angina and arrhythmias.
AB  - Sympathectomy has been used as treatment for several different cardiac
      conditions. These include classic angina pectoris, Prinzmetal's angina,
      paroxysmal atrial tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia, and long QT syndrome. To
      understand the rationale of such treatment, the innervation of the human heart is
      reviewed with discussion of the cardiac plexus and coronary innervation. Results
      in published studies are summarized and discussed.

PMID- 3707258
TI  - Congenital left atrial aneurysm.

PMID- 3707259
TI  - Strut fracture and disc embolization.

PMID- 3707260
TI  - Partial pericardiectomy to prevent cardiac compression in open-heart surgery.

PMID- 3707261
TI  - Easier chest tube insertion.

PMID- 3707262
TI  - How shall we then practice?

PMID- 3707263
TI  - Surgical technique for orthoterminal correction.

PMID- 3707264
TI  - [Methodology and results of a pain unit].

PMID- 3707265
TI  - [Memory disorders in the toxic oil syndrome (TOS)].

PMID- 3707266
TI  - [Herpes encephalitis and inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone].

PMID- 3707267
TI  - [Shy-Drager syndrome: description of a clinical case which failed to respond to
      propranolol, ergotamine and indomethacin].

PMID- 3707268
TI  - [Electroencephalographic study of nocturnal sleep in anorexia nervosa patient].

PMID- 3707269
TI  - [Epileptics in school].

PMID- 3707270
TI  - [From morbid guilt to the disease of no-guilt].

PMID- 3707271
TI  - [Leigh disease with torsion dystonia as the sole clinical manifestation].

PMID- 3707272
TI  - [Recurrent bacterial meningitis. Analysis of a series of 45 patients].

PMID- 3707273
TI  - [Increasing the neuronal population of the nucleus accumbens in the rat using
      haloperidol].

PMID- 3707274
TI  - [Bulbar hematoma: presentation of a case with respiratory arrest and spontaneous
      recovery].

PMID- 3707275
TI  - [Analysis of failures of screening for congenital hypothyroidism by the assay of
      TSH in capillary blood].
AB  - Screening for congenital hypothyroidism was started in France in 1979. The system
      was rapidly extended to the whole country and works very efficiently. The number
      of children who escaped the system is very small. However, these children
      represent a severe failure of the system. From 1980 to 1983, 32 cases escaped the
      screening. Retrospective analysis of these cases should help in improving the
      present system.

PMID- 3707276
TI  - [Glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption of glucose in insulin-dependent
      diabetes in children].
AB  - Although glycosuria is important in the control of diabetes in children, few
      studies clearly show its significance as compared to glycemia. The aim of the
      present study was therefore to determine the two parameters that control glucose
      presence in urine, i.e. glucose glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and tubular
      reabsorption (JrG). GFR was measured by using a 110 min polyfructosan perfusion
      in 96 diabetic children and adolescents. The results are as follows: 1) In this
      population there is a significant correlation (p less than 0.01) between the
      quantity of glucose in urine and mean glycemia during the test; 2) polyfructosan
      clearance that reflects GFR in diabetic children without renal complication is
      2.11 +/- 0.04 ml/s 1.73 m2, or 126 +/- 2.4 ml/min 1.73 m2 (mean +/- SEM); it is
      higher than in the reference values already published; 3) JrG is correlated with
      glucose filtered load (p less than 0.01), GFR (p less than 0.01) and sodium
      reabsorption (p less than 0.01). The ratio JrG/GFR could be substituted for the
      classical concept of "renal threshold", as it can be easily measured and may help
      in interpreting glycosuria in some diabetic children. To conclude, in IDD
      children, the parameters controlling glycosuria may be studied by a simple
      method. The clinical value of such renal exploration has still to be determined.

PMID- 3707277
TI  - [Homocystinuria. A type with vascular thrombosis and factor VII deficiency].
AB  - In homocystinuria, thrombosis is frequent (50% of the cases). The authors report
      a case of cystathionine-synthetase deficiency-induced homocystinuria associated
      with thrombosis of a common iliac vein. This patient presented with a blood
      coagulation disorder which was related to severe factor VII deficiency and which
      was corrected by treatment. Homocystinuria was pyridoxine independent as
      witnessed by the fact that Brand's reaction remained positive with vitamin B6
      therapy and cystathionine. Cystathionine-synthetase activity measured in cultured
      fibroblasts increased only slightly with pyridoxine therapy. Treatment (Betaine,
      folic acid, vitamin B 12) induced the disappearance of plasma methionine.
      Clinically, the patient whose treatment came late in the course of her disease,
      was only slightly improved. Hypotheses about etiopathogenic mechanisms of this
      disease are discussed. Difficulties of treatment and diet are reviewed. The
      relative inefficacy of therapy, even in case with early treatment, makes
      antenatal diagnosis preferable to neonatal diagnosis.

PMID- 3707278
TI  - [Multifocal tuberculosis in a 15-year-old child].
AB  - We report the case of a 15 year-old boy, presenting with juxta-articular
      swellings and lacunar skeletal lesions associated with prolonged fever and
      cachexia. Among the multiple bacteriological samplings, only the trans-osseous
      puncture of a tibial lacunar lesions, yielded Bacillus tuberculosis. With triple
      anti-tuberculous chemotherapy, fever and juxta-articular swellings disappeared.
      However, several articular ankyloses persist, which might need a surgical
      correction.

PMID- 3707279
TI  - [Value of mexiletine in the treatment of Thomsen-Becker myotonia].
AB  - The case of a 1 month-old boy with a severe form of Thomsen-Becker myotonia is
      reported. Resistance to regular antimyotonic treatment over a 3 month-period of
      time led to use mexiletine, an antiarrhythmic drug. This treatment was
      responsible for a dramatic clinical and electromyographic improvement. No adverse
      effect has been observed over a 16 month-period of continuous treatment.

PMID- 3707280
TI  - [Growth from birth to 2 years of North African infants born in France].
AB  - North African people living in France have low socio-economic standing and high
      birth rates. Growth in weight and height of 359 North African infants born in
      France was followed during their first 2 years of life. Comparisons were made
      with standard growth curves for French infants and with the growth of 143 French
      infants living in similar conditions. Growth in height was similar in each group
      but at 6 to 9 months of age North African girls were heavier (p less than 0.05).
      In order to standardize the data for each infant, cubic polynomial interpolation
      method was used.

PMID- 3707281
TI  - [Extradural hematoma in a newborn infant].

PMID- 3707282
TI  - [Oculo-cerebro-renal syndrome in a girl. Clinical, genetic and biological
      reevaluation at the age of 10 years].

PMID- 3707283
TI  - [Meningitis and brain abscess caused by Levinea malonatica in a newborn infant].

PMID- 3707284
TI  - [Is the elevation of C-reactive protein and orosomucoid a good criterion of
      neonatal infection?].

PMID- 3707285
TI  - Changes in popular attitudes and beliefs about tranquilizers. 1970-1979.
AB  - In nationwide surveys of the extent and nature of psychotherapeutic drug use
      conducted in 1970 and 1979, respondents were also questioned about their
      knowledge of tranquilizers and attitudes toward the use of these medications in
      general and in specific situations. In both 1970 and 1979, most Americans
      believed that tranquilizers were effective; by 1979, however, we found a sharp
      increase in the proportion of respondents who believed that these medications
      were overprescribed. Reservations about the effects of tranquilizers on health,
      mood, and behavior had also become more widespread by 1979. In both 1970 and
      1979, however, respondents were generally more accepting of tranquilizer use when
      presented with practical situations pitting benefit against risk. A majority
      condoned the use of tranquilizers in situations involving pronounced impairment.

PMID- 3707286
TI  - Lack of preference for diazepam in anxious volunteers.
AB  - Using a choice procedure, these experiments tested whether diazepam is more
      highly preferred by anxious subjects than by normal control subjects. Subjects
      first sampled and then chose between two capsules containing diazepam (5 or 10
      mg) and placebo, or amphetamine (5 mg) and placebo. The number of times each drug
      was chosen over placebo and the subjective effects of the drugs were measured.
      Anxious subjects did not differ from controls in their drug choices. Most
      subjects chose diazepam less often than placebo, especially at the higher dose,
      whereas they chose amphetamine more often than placebo. The subjective drug
      effects (including anxiety reduction after diazepam) were similar for anxious and
      nonanxious subjects, despite predrug differences in anxiety. The results suggest
      that individuals with high anxiety are not at greater risk for dependence on
      antianxiety drugs.

PMID- 3707287
TI  - Attributional patterns in depression and euthymia.
AB  - The aim of this research was to examine broadly how experiences of success and
      failure are reflected in the self-evaluations of depressed and nondepressed
      individuals. In a study contrasting depressed with nondepressed students and in a
      second study contrasting depressed patients with schizophrenic patients and
      normal control subjects, attributions were obtained for positive and negative
      outcomes in a story rating task and in a behavioral task. The major findings were
      that across both tasks and both studies, euthymic subjects evidenced a marked
      bias to evaluate control, responsibility, and outcome intensity as greater for
      positive than for negative events. Depressed subjects failed to evidence or
      manifested to a lesser extent this type of cognitive distortion. Depressed
      patients did evidence, however, an inverse, "self-punitive" bias, primarily in
      attributing greater responsibility to themselves for negative than for positive
      outcomes.

PMID- 3707288
TI  - Coping behaviors as predictors of the course of clinical depression.
AB  - We assessed a large sample of nonmelancholic, depressed subjects, using a self
      report measure we developed, to determine behavioral coping dimensions and the
      predictive validity of the measure. A principal-components analysis of measure
      scores suggested dimensions of distraction, support seeking, self-consolation,
      recklessness, affect reduction, and help seeking, largely replicating findings in
      nonclinical groups. Factor scores on each dimension were calculated for the
      subsample of depressive subjects consulting a psychiatrist. Those baseline scores
      were examined against subsequent improvement in depression levels at six and 20
      weeks. A significant and consistent predictor of a poor outcome was a higher
      initial score on the self-consolation dimension. A better outcome was weakly
      associated at six and 20 weeks with higher scores on affect reduction, whereas
      higher distraction scores were weakly associated with a poorer outcome at 20
      weeks. The study thus confirmed the relevance of coping behaviors in a clinically
      depressed group and demonstrated the predictive strength of the measure.

PMID- 3707289
TI  - Social support, life events, and depression during pregnancy and the puerperium.
AB  - A sample of 99 women was studied prospectively from the second trimester of
      pregnancy until nine weeks post partum. Depressed and nondepressed women
      identified at the second-trimester assessment and the postpartum assessment were
      compared on measures of stressful life events and social support provided by
      their spouses and close confidants. Nine percent of women during pregnancy and
      12% of women after delivery were depressed. Women experiencing postpartum
      depression reported more stressful life events and less support from their
      spouses after delivery than the women not experiencing postpartum depression.
      Women experiencing depression during pregnancy reported somewhat less support
      from their spouses and more support from their confidants than nondepressed
      women. The results of the study suggest that different causes may be responsible
      for prepartum and postpartum depression.

PMID- 3707290
TI  - San Diego suicide study. I. Young vs old subjects.
AB  - The suicide rate among people under 30 years of age has nearly tripled in the
      past several decades. We compared 133 suicides under the age of 30 years with 150
      aged 30 years and over. After gathering and reviewing extensive clinical
      information and postmortem toxicologic data, we assigned diagnoses using DSM-III
      criteria. A major diagnostic finding was the occurrence of more drug abuse than
      had been previously reported, significantly more often in the young people. Few
      other differences were found either between our total sample and previous studies
      or between our younger and older groups. We conclude that a closer look at the
      young group is necessary to see what other differences might occur between the
      drug abusers and other young suicides.

PMID- 3707291
TI  - Interim analyses and publication of clinical trials.

PMID- 3707292
TI  - Social phobia.

PMID- 3707293
TI  - Chemical crosslinking of lipids and proteins within Mason-Pfizer monkey and
      squirrel monkey type D retroviruses.
AB  - Nearest neighborhoods between lipids and proteins were investigated in Mason
      Pfizer monkey virus (MPMV) and squirrel monkey retrovirus (SMRV) using the
      chemical crosslinking reagent dimethyl suberimidate (DMS). Analysis of DMS
      induced lipid-protein complexes by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis revealed that in both viruses the major internal structural
      protein, p27 (MPMV) and p35 (SMRV), is linked to the lipid bilayer. Additionally,
      in SMRV a second protein (p20) was found to have a vicinal relationship to the
      lipid bilayer of the virus. Electron microscopic investigations of MPMV and SMRV
      particles indicated that, in accord with the crosslinking data, the core shell of
      these type D retroviruses is in close proximity to the viral membrane.

PMID- 3707294
TI  - Nonrandom chromosomal changes in retinoblastomas.
AB  - The analysis of the karyotype in 76 retinoblastomas (24 our cases and 52
      described in the literature) has revealed nonrandom changes of Iq, 6p, 13, 16 and
      the sex chromosomes. Complete or partial trisomy Iq was observed in 44 out of 76
      tumours. Tetra-or trisomy 6p was found in 35 and 6 cases respectively. Chromosome
      13 monosomy or its long arm deletion was described in 11 tumours. Monosomy 16 and
      loss of the X or Y--in 18 and 12 cases. The specific feature of retinoblastoma
      karyotype is presence (along with two normal homologues of the pair 6) of the
      marker chromosome i (6p). Possible causes of unexpectedly rare abnormalities of
      chromosome 13 in retinoblastoma cells were discussed in the light of well known
      data on predisposing role of constitutional deletion 13q14, and recent molecular
      genetic studies showing the significance of recessive tumour genes in
      carcinogenesis. The cytological signs of gene amplification (HSRs, DMs) were
      revealed in few retinoblastomas. However, the recent data on N-myc gene
      amplification and its elevated expression in several retinoblastomas indicate
      that amplification of the oncogene(s) might be involved in the genesis of this
      tumour. Further studies are needed to understand the correlative role of specific
      chromosome rearrangements, gene(s) amplification and action of recessive rb gene,
      located at 13q14 in initiation and progression of retinoblastoma.

PMID- 3707295
TI  - Syntheses of potentially active 1-substituted imidazo-[1,2-c]pyrimidine
      derivatives.

PMID- 3707296
TI  - [Anticoagulant isoxazolidine-3,5-diones].

PMID- 3707297
TI  - Syntheses of leukotriene analogs.

PMID- 3707298
TI  - Differential pulse polarographic determination of some barbiturates.

PMID- 3707299
TI  - [Synthesis of estradiol haptens].

PMID- 3707300
TI  - Guanidine-annelated heterocycles, VII. Synthesis and antihypertensive activity of
      2,10-dimethyl-5H,10H-1,2,4-triazolo [5,1-b]quinazolin-5-one.

PMID- 3707301
TI  - Effects of acetylsalicylic acid and naproxen on the synthesis and mineralization
      of collagen in the rat femur.
AB  - The influence of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and naproxen on the biochemical
      properties of intact growing femora in young male rats was studied. The
      medication periods were 9 and 18 days. At an ASA dose of 150 mg/kg/12 h the rate
      of collagen synthesis and the rate of mineral incorporation decreased and were
      impaired by about 10% compared with controls after 18 days. The dry weights and
      contents of collagen and calcium were not influenced after 9 days, but were
      reduced by 4%-7% after 18 days. A higher solubility of collagen (7%) was also
      found at the end of the study. In rats that received ASA at 100 mg/kg/12 h no
      significant differences were observed. A naproxen dose of 20 mg/kg/12 h reduced
      the rate of mineral deposition after 18 days, but had no other detectable effects
      on bone. The results indicate that ASA inhibits bone formation.

PMID- 3707302
TI  - The stabilizing effect of synovectomy on the synovial membrane in arthritic
      rabbit knees.
AB  - An inflammatory arthritis was induced in rabbit knees by intra-articular
      injection of human IgG complex in immunized animals. A increased invasion of
      large plasma proteins into the arthritic knee could be measured by
      electrophoretic separation of synovial extract and autoradiographic detection of
      125I-labeled proteins. Synovectomy resulted in a reduced invasion of plasma
      proteins compared with the preoperatively arthritic knees. This protective effect
      was lost, however, following repeated intra-articular IgG injections. Fibrosis
      and decreased vascularization of the synovectomized knee, the excision of
      inflammatory cells, and mediators of inflammation are discussed as possible
      explanations.

PMID- 3707303
TI  - Muscular strength after rupture of the long head of the biceps.
AB  - To measure muscular strength after rupture of the long head of the biceps
      brachii, we evaluated ten patients treated conservatively and five surgically
      with the Cybex II testing machine, and compared the values with the data on 20
      healthy individuals. In the conservative group, the strength of elbow flexion was
      diminished by 16%, of supination of the forearm by 11%, and of shoulder abduction
      by 16%. The patients who underwent surgery lost, on average, only 8% strength for
      elbow flexion and 7% for forearm supination. Shoulder abduction was decreased by
      20%. A moderate advantage was thus found for elbow flexion and forearm
      supination. Surgical treatment can be recommended for younger individuals, manual
      workers, and sportsmen, and rarely for cosmetic reasons, or when a subacromial
      impingement due to a disturbing proximal tendon stump is present.

PMID- 3707304
TI  - Isometric contractions in the patellofemoral pain syndrome. An electromyographic
      study.
AB  - The role played by the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis obliquus in their
      alignment of the patella during maximal isometric quadriceps contractions was
      studied by electromyography in 28 patients with unilateral symptoms of the
      patellofemoral pain syndrome. Eleven knees were classified as subluxation of the
      patella and 17 as idiopathic chondromalacia patellae. The muscular activity
      pattern was the same in the two groups but decreased as compared with the
      contralateral nonsymptomatic knees. However, none of the groups revealed
      differences in the activity of vastus lateralis and vastus medialis obliquus
      suggesting muscular imbalance.

PMID- 3707306
TI  - Lowering of the patella secondary to anterior advancement of the tibial tubercle
      for the patellofemoral pain syndrome.
AB  - From a series of 72 patients treated with anterior advancement of the tibial
      tubercle for patellofemoral pain syndrome, secondary lowering of the patella was
      noted in eight. In all eight patients the results were poor following surgery,
      with severe disabling retro- and peripatellar pain and atrophy of the quadriceps
      muscle. We describe this complication and illustrate and discuss the
      biomechanical consequences. The shortening of the patellar ligament and lever arm
      of the ligament were determined from radiographs of the knee joints before and
      after surgery. A theoretical analysis was made of the compressive force in the
      patellofemoral joint in one of these patients. The Insall-Salvati index decreased
      from 0.88-1.25 (mean 1.07) preoperatively to 0.54-0.78 (mean 0.70) at follow-up,
      1.0-2.5 years post-operatively. The lowering of the patella was correlated to a
      reduction of the lever arm of the patellar ligament in seven patients. The
      mechanism behind the lowering of the patella is obscure, but the reduced lever
      arm of the patellar ligament will increase the compressive force in the
      patellofemoral joint, and this might be one explanation of the poor results.
      Impaired congruity of the patellofemoral joint, increased tension in the patellar
      ligament, and increased pressure against the quadriceps tendon are other possible
      explanations.

PMID- 3707305
TI  - Fractures of the shaft of the tibia treated with Hoffmann external fixation.
AB  - Ninety-six compound or unstable fractures of the tibial shaft were treated with
      external fixation of different mountings. The median healing time was 10 months
      without a statistically significant difference between the healing time after
      treatment with unilateral frames and quadrilateral frames. The rate of pin-track
      infection was 36%, which is comparable to those of other published series. Seven
      cases of chronic osteitis and four pseudarthroses required further surgical
      management. We had no primary or secondary amputations in this series.

PMID- 3707307
TI  - Ender nailing of trochanteric fractures. A review of 73 cases.
AB  - A clinical series of 73 patients with fractures of the trochanteric area of the
      femur was treated consecutively using ordinary Ender nails or two-dimensionally
      bent nails. Although primary mortality is low--three cases in the series--the
      method is affected by other complications. The most frequent of these was
      displacement of the nails, which led to a new operation in nine cases. Ender
      nailing is recommended in selected cases of pertrochanteric fractures of elderly
      people as a semiconservative method, when systemic illness or poor general
      condition contraindicates major surgical procedures.

PMID- 3707308
TI  - Idiopathic muscular torticollis in adults. Results of open sternocleidomastoid
      tenotomy.
AB  - Eight adult patients who underwent open tenotomy for idiopathic muscular
      torticollis were evaluated with an average follow-up of 14 years. The age of the
      patients at operation ranged from 20 to 37 years, with an average of 26 years.
      The sternal head of the sternocleidomastoid muscle was divided in two patients,
      both the sternal and the clavicular heads were divided in five patients, and in
      one patient all three heads were divided. After the operation a Minerva plaster
      cast was applied with the head hyperextended, bent away from the deformity, and
      rotated towards the deformity. Neurovascular complications were not observed.
      Facial asymmetry did not improve after surgery, but at follow-up all the patients
      had a satisfactory range of motion of the neck, although the radiographic
      alterations of the cervical spine present before the operation had not improved.

PMID- 3707310
TI  - The Walter J. Zeiter lecture. Considerations for management of the persistent
      vegetative state.

PMID- 3707311
TI  - Overwork effect on partially denervated rat soleus muscle.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of overwork induced by
      synergistic tenotomy on the muscle weight (MW) and isometric tetanic tension (Po)
      of the partially denervated rat soleus muscle. Forty-nine young adult male
      Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups (n = 5 to 9): normal control
      (N), normal synergistically tenotomized (N-ST), L4 denervated control (L4), L4
      denervated synergistically tenotomized (L4-ST), L5 denervated control (L5), and
      L5 denervated synergistically tenotomized (L5-ST). Bilateral L4 or L5 root
      transections produced partial denervation. To yield soleus muscle overwork the
      gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles were bilaterally tenotomized in all ST groups
      at the time of denervation. The soleus MW and Po were examined seven days
      following denervation and tenotomy. Compared to their respective controls, there
      was increased MW in the N-ST (43.5%, p less than 0.01) and the L4-ST (38.6% p
      less than 0.01) groups. The L5-ST group showed no significant change in MW
      compared to the L5 group. Tetanic tension was increased only in the N-ST group.
      The L4-ST and L5-ST groups did not show any change in Po compared to their
      respective controls. Despite marked denervation, the L5 group did not show any
      atrophy as compared to the N group, suggesting passive stretch of the denervated
      muscle fibers, hypertrophy of the innervated muscle fibers and peripheral
      sprouting prevented the loss of MW due to denervation. Overwork in this markedly
      denervated group could not produce any increase in the MW or Po.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3707309
TI  - Effects of acetylsalicylic acid and naproxen on the mechanical properties of
      intact femora in rats.
AB  - The influence of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and naproxen on growing bones was
      studied. Young male rats were used. The drugs were administered via gastric
      gavage twice a day for 9 or 18 days. Drug doses giving serum concentrations
      corresponding to ordinary anti-inflammatory steady-state levels in humans were
      used. There was a drug-related influence on the strength of the growing femur.
      After 9 days the ultimate bending moment of the distal femoral epiphyseal plate
      and ultimate torsional moment and stress of the femoral diaphysis increased by
      about 10% in the rats treated with 150 mg/kg/12 h of ASA as compared with
      controls. After 18 days there were no differences. The ultimate metaphyseal
      bending moment of the distal femur was not influenced after 9 days with this
      dose, but was reduced by about 10% compared with controls after 18 days. Doses of
      100 mg/kg/12 h of ASA and 20 mg/kg/12 h of naproxen did not change the bone
      strength. The doses used were well tolerated and did not influence the bone
      growth or body weight of the rats. A naproxen dose of 40 mg/kg/12 h was lethal;
      rats that received this dose succumbed to jejunal perforations. The results
      indicate that ASA influences the remodeling of normally growing bones.

PMID- 3707312
TI  - Ulnar nerve involvement in carpal tunnel syndrome.
AB  - This is a retrospective study of the involvement of the ulnar nerve in patients
      with electrodiagnostic evidence of carpal tunnel syndrome as defined by median
      sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) greater than 3.6msec at the wrist and/or
      motor distal latency in excess of 4.3msec. The study included 248 patients, 63
      (25%) with unilateral and 185 (75%) with bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome. The
      electrodiagnostic criteria for ulnar nerve involvement was a SNAP peak latency
      greater than 3.7msec and/or motor distal latency in excess of 4.2msec. One
      hundred fourteen patients (46%) had delayed ulnar SNAP peak at the wrist; of
      these, 100 cases had bilateral ulnar nerve involvement and 14 had unilateral
      abnormalities. Slowing of the motor nerve conduction velocity for the elbow-wrist
      segment was noted in 24% and 15% of the study group for the median and ulnar
      nerves, respectively. An incidental finding was the presence of "double crush
      syndrome" in 35 patients (14%). The results of this study suggest the frequent
      association of ulnar nerve involvement at the wrist for sensory fibers and carpal
      tunnel syndrome.

PMID- 3707313
TI  - Prediction of long-term outcome of multidisciplinary pain treatment.
AB  - Seventy-seven patients treated in a multidisciplinary pain program were assessed
      for treatment outcome according to Roberts' and Reinhardt's criteria, at a one to
      five-year follow-up. By these criteria, 47% were successes and 53% were not.
      Fourteen commonly collected demographic variables were then used in a
      discriminant analysis procedure to predict membership in the successful and
      unsuccessful groups. Age, compensation, education level, use of psychotropic
      medications, and number of pain surgeries formed a parsimonious set of predictor
      variables that correctly categorized more than 70% of the subjects.

PMID- 3707314
TI  - Intellectual and cognitive function in adults with myotonic muscular dystrophy.
AB  - Intellectual and cognitive function was studied in 43 patients (21 men and 22
      women) with myotonic muscular dystrophy (MMD). The inheritance distribution was
      18 paternal, 10 maternal, and 15 unknown. All patients received the Wechsler
      Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised, the Wechsler Memory Scale, the Halstead-Reitan
      Neuropsychological Test Battery, and the Aphasia Screening Test. Significantly
      lower scores (p less than 0.05) were found on all intellectual and cognitive
      impairment tests in both men and women of the maternal inheritance MMD subgroup,
      compared with the paternal inheritance MMD subgroup and with the normative data.
      Scores for patients with paternally inherited disease did not differ
      significantly from normative data for verbal, performance, or full scale
      intelligence quotients and memory quotients. There were no significant
      differences in intellectual and cognitive test scores between men and women for
      the group as a whole, for the maternal inheritance subgroup, or for the paternal
      inheritance subgroup. It is suggested that inheritance pattern is a necessary
      variable in studies investigating intellectual and cognitive function in MMD.
      Although the reason for the association of lower intellectual and cognitive
      function in MMD of maternal inheritance is not known, the data presented here may
      be useful for genetic counseling.

PMID- 3707315
TI  - Wound healing in acute spinal cord injury: effect of anticoagulation.
AB  - Medical records were surveyed to test the impression that anticoagulation therapy
      administered to patients hospitalized for acute spinal cord injury impaired wound
      healing. Records for 25 patients with 26 wounds, located over the sacrum (21),
      thigh (two), occiput, heel, or buttock (one each), were reviewed. Among 11 wounds
      not associated with concurrent anticoagulation therapy, healing was delayed
      beyond 75 days in two patients. Among 15 wounds associated with anticoagulation
      therapy (heparin or heparin followed by coumarin derivatives), healing was
      delayed more than 75 days in nine patients (chi 2 = 4.53, p less than 0.05). This
      association of anticoagulation therapy with impaired wound healing in patients
      with an acute spinal cord injury suggests that this factor should be considered
      in future studies of wound healing.

PMID- 3707316
TI  - Osteomyelitis associated with pressure ulcers.
AB  - Bone biopsies were performed in spinal cord injured patients with pressure ulcers
      in whom osteomyelitis was suspected. Roentogenograms and bone and gallium scans
      were also evaluated to determine their usefulness in diagnosing osteomyelitis.
      Infected bone underlying pressure ulcers revealed only mild focal inflammatory
      changes which did not correlate well with x-ray and nuclear scan abnormalities.
      Negative scans, however, essentially ruled out osteomyelitis. There was no clear
      association of delayed healing or recurrence of pressure sore with osteomyelitis.
      Antibiotic therapy of greater than three weeks' duration did not significantly
      affect the outcome of the disease.

PMID- 3707317
TI  - Early intervention care in the acute stroke patient.
AB  - Early intervention care has been identified as an important factor in the
      functional outcome of patients with completed stroke. Little has been published,
      however, on the efficacy of early intervention in the acute hospital setting. In
      a retrospective study of 30 patients in an acute care hospital, there was a
      statistically significant difference in length of stay and ambulatory status (p
      less than 0.05) for the group receiving rehabilitation treatment within the first
      72 hours after admission. There was no significant difference between the two
      groups with regard to age, sex, site of lesion, or previous cardiovascular
      disease. The present study indicates that early intervention shortens hospital
      stay and improves outcome, considerations especially important with the adoption
      of Diagnosis-Related Groups (DRGs), as hospitals seek measures of cost
      containment in the provision of quality cost-effective health care.

PMID- 3707318
TI  - External compression with elastic bandages: its effect on the peripheral blood
      circulation during skin traction.
AB  - Experiments were performed in rabbits to evaluate the effects of varying degrees
      of external pressure on the venous circulation in a limb. For these studies,
      blood volumes and flow rates were determined on surgically exposed veins using a
      dropcounter. External compression of 30mmHg caused no impairment of the
      peripheral circulation. At this pressure, flow rates in the greater saphenous
      vein and popliteal vein were 74% and 124% of their basal rates, respectively.
      Venous blood flow was absent at pressures exceeding 70mmHg. In healthy human
      volunteers, the effects of external application of varying degrees of pressures
      with an elastic bandage during skin traction on the distal portion of the leg
      were evaluated by plethysmographic and thermometric techniques. Arterial
      pulsations obtained by photoelectric plethysmography at external limb pressures
      of 30mmHg were not significantly different in peak amplitude from those obtained
      without bandaging. External compression of 70mmHg resulted in a decrease in the
      basal amplitude at 60 minutes that persisted during the rest of the experiment.
      At 30mmHg compression, no significant changes of skin temperature were noted in
      the toe; but, at 70mmHg, the skin temperature dropped to 86% of its basal levels
      during the first hour followed by a further slow fall. Good immobilization of
      elastic bandages in skin traction was achieved at 30mmHg pressures. In a
      comparison of bandage application by skilled and unskilled persons, bandage
      pressures were much more likely to be optimum when the bandage was applied by the
      skilled.

PMID- 3707319
TI  - Peripheral nerve conduction studies and bulbocavernosus reflex in the
      investigation of impotence.
AB  - Patients with erectile dysfunction underwent sensory and motor conduction and
      bulbocavernosus reflex tests to determine the incidence of peripheral nerve
      involvement. Of a total of 111 patients, abnormal sensory conduction was found in
      87 (78%), abnormal motor conduction in 56 (50%), and abnormal bulbocavernosus
      reflex in 40 (36%). Most of these patients had other medical problems. Objective
      evidence of peripheral nerve involvement helped in the management of these
      patients.

PMID- 3707320
TI  - Rehabilitation of patients with end-stage renal failure after lower extremity
      amputation.
AB  - Four patients with end-stage renal failure on maintenance hemodialysis and one
      patient with near end-stage renal failure received inpatient rehabilitation
      following lower extremity amputation. All were prosthetically restored. Three of
      the patients had bilateral below-knee amputations and were ambulatory at the time
      of discharge, including the patient with near end-stage renal failure who was on
      maintenance hemodialysis at follow-up. One unilateral below-knee amputee was also
      ambulatory at discharge. The other unilateral below-knee amputee had an ulcer on
      the other foot and used a pylon for transfers only. To assess the prevalence of
      patients on maintenance hemodialysis with lower extremity amputations, a survey
      of 310 patients at four dialysis units was performed. Of the 310 patients 2.9
      percent had at least one amputated lower extremity and 1.0 percent had bilateral
      lower extremity amputations. Preliminary data and the potential for functional
      results following prosthetic restoration suggest the need for further research
      concerning prosthetic restoration in the lower extremity amputee with end-stage
      renal failure.

PMID- 3707321
TI  - Modification of a hand splint to permit playing of the guitar.
AB  - Modification of a hand splint for a musician who had suffered an incomplete
      disruption of the left ring finger extensor tendon is described. This
      modification enabled the patient to receive the benefit of conservative treatment
      of this disruption while continuing his employment. The modification can be
      performed easily with the standard stack splint; the success of this method is
      described.

PMID- 3707322
TI  - Temporal gait monitoring: a new device.
AB  - A new device that provides continuous recording of gait and gait events is
      presented. It can be used with motor point electromyography to perform walking
      electromyography, an electrogoniometer to continuously record joint position, or
      other measuring devices to record events or activities related to phase of gait.
      The major advantages of this system as compared with available systems are ease
      of use, decreased patient encumbrance, potential for portability, potential for
      digitizing the signal for minicomputer compatibility, and greatly reduced
      expense.

PMID- 3707323
TI  - Corticosteroid iontophoresis.

PMID- 3707324
TI  - Effects of conjunctive fixed-interval fixed-ratio schedules on human performance.

PMID- 3707325
TI  - [Loss of predictability and experimental neurosis: solution of simple numerical
      problems as a function of variation in the predictability of a stressor].

PMID- 3707326
TI  - [Conditions and consequences of assigning problems of varying difficulty].

PMID- 3707327
TI  - [Bandura's self efficacy theory: study of changes in verbal behavior and
      assertive behavior in the group].

PMID- 3707328
TI  - [Determinants of embarrassment and shame: a facet theory approach].

PMID- 3707329
TI  - Clinical surgeons who write: pride, prejudice, and responsibility.

PMID- 3707330
TI  - Generalized juvenile polyposis coli. Clinical management based on long-term
      observations.
AB  - Generalized juvenile polyposis occurred in five patients (age range, 18 months to
      16 years). Clinical findings included abdominal pain, weakness, rectal bleeding,
      diarrhea, rectal prolapse, intussusception, clubbing, and failure to thrive.
      Laboratory findings included anemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypokalemia, and skin test
      anergy. Diagnosis is achieved by double contrast enema, endoscopy, and biopsy.
      Unlike patients with solitary juvenile polyps, patients with generalized
      involvement require surgical intervention. Subtotal colectomy and ileoproctostomy
      are the procedures of choice, and we performed them in four cases. An ileoanal
      endorectal pull-through procedure was required in one patient with continued
      rectal disease. All five patients are currently alive and well. Long-term follow
      up is important as polyps may persist into adult life. Family members are at risk
      for developing gastrointestinal tract tumors and should be screened.

PMID- 3707331
TI  - Colonoscopy after curative resection of colorectal cancer.
AB  - Colonoscopy is generally considered to be an important part of the follow-up
      program for patients who have undergone curative resection of colorectal cancer.
      However, there are few data available concerning the frequency with which
      colonoscopy should be performed and for what length of time after operation.
      Since 1978, our policy has been to examine the colon annually in these patients
      using colonoscopy alternating with barium enema. We have evaluated the results in
      100 patients over a four-year period. Based on size and histology, the
      significant colonoscopic findings were new colon cancers in three patients and 11
      polyps demonstrating increased risk for malignancy in nine patients. This
      represents an interval yield of 3% per year. From these results and other
      reports, we recommend that these patients undergo total colonoscopy in the
      perioperative period to identify and remove synchronous lesions of the colon, and
      that examination of the remaining colon should be performed annually, preferably
      with colonoscopy, for at least the first four years after curative resection.

PMID- 3707332
TI  - Chronic contained rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysms.
AB  - Anecdotal reports of chronic contained rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysms
      exist. Their existence and implications have been largely ignored. From March
      1984 to March 1985, 24 patients required repair of an infrarenal abdominal aortic
      aneurysm. Four patients underwent emergent repair. The remaining 20 patients were
      evaluated with computed tomography electively. Seven patients (35%) were
      demonstrated to have a rupture of the aneurysm and a retroperitoneal hematoma on
      the computed tomographic scan. All of the patients had histories of back or flank
      pain; five patients continued to complain of mild pain on admission. In no case
      was shock, impending shock, or a decrease in the hemoglobin level present on
      admission. All patients were operated on within 24 hours of evaluation. At
      operation, rupture was noted with organized hematoma outside the aorta contained
      in a pseudoaneurysmal wall of retroperitoneal connective tissue. There was no
      intraperitoneal blood. There was no operative mortality and survival was 100% at
      six months. The CT scan evaluation had identified a subgroup of patients with
      aneurysms associated with chronic contained rupture.

PMID- 3707333
TI  - Treatment of pyogenic hepatic abscesses. Surgical vs percutaneous drainage.
AB  - A retrospective review of 39 patients with pyogenic hepatic abscess treated from
      1977 through 1984 included 23 patients who were surgically treated and 16 who
      underwent percutaneous drainage. The average age in each group was similar (about
      55 years). The most common cause of abscesses in each group was biliary tract
      disease. Abscesses caused by portal seeding and local extension were more common
      in the surgical group, 14 of whom required additional surgical procedures at the
      time of surgical drainage. Of the 16 patients in the percutaneously drained
      group, seven were seen during the immediate postoperative period. Most of the
      abscesses occurred in the right lobe of the liver, but single abscesses in the
      left lobe (30%) and multiple abscesses (57%) were more common in the surgical
      group. Klebsiella enterobacter and group D streptococcus were most common in the
      surgically and percutaneously drained groups, respectively. All patients received
      antibiotics, with a mean length of treatment of 14 days. Mean time to
      defervescence was about four days in both groups, with a longer hospital stay for
      the percutaneously drained group (26 vs 46 days). Morbidity was high in both
      groups (surgical, 48%; percutaneous, 69%). Three of the percutaneously treated
      patients required surgical drainage because of highly viscous abscess contents.
      Mortality was 17% in the surgical group and 13% in the percutaneously drained
      group. Percutaneous drainage with computed tomography probably should be the
      initial drainage procedure in patients with pyogenic hepatic abscesses in whom no
      concomitant surgical procedure is planned. Regardless of treatment, the morbidity
      and mortality remain high.

PMID- 3707334
TI  - Neutropenic enterocolitis in adults with acute leukemia.
AB  - Neutropenic enterocolitis has been previously described only by case reports and
      literature reviews. Of 499 adults with acute leukemia seen over a 23-year period
      (1962 to 1985), 13 cases (2.6%) of neutropenic enterocolitis have been reported.
      Eleven of these 13 patients were profoundly neutropenic (mean white blood cell
      count, 472/cu mm) and developed abdominal symptoms during either initial
      induction or relapse of acute leukemia. Histologic confirmation was available in
      ten cases, five cases after surgical resection and five cases at autopsy after
      nonoperative management. Three patients with isolated ileocecal inflammation
      without infarction at the time of surgery were successfully managed without
      resection. Five patients treated with surgery died four to 64 weeks
      postoperatively (mean survival, 21.6 weeks) of nonsurgical complications of
      leukemia. Three patients were still alive, one patient 42 months after right
      hemicolectomy and two patients five months after exploration only. All five
      patients managed medically died an average of 1.4 days (range, zero to four days)
      after the onset of abdominal pain. Survival in patients with acute leukemia who
      develop neutropenic enterocolitis is determined by early recognition and
      appropriate surgical exploration that can be expected to yield an acceptable
      operative mortality.

PMID- 3707335
TI  - Predicting cerebral ischemia during carotid endarterectomy.
AB  - We reviewed 86 consecutive patients undergoing elective carotid endarterectomy to
      determine whether preoperative clinical and angiographic data could be used to
      predict the risk of intraoperative cerebral ischemia during carotid occlusion.
      Electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring with on-line Berg-Fourier transformation
      was carried out in all patients. A total of 32 patients (37.2%) underwent
      intraoperative shunting. Of these, 13 had no EEG changes but underwent shunting
      because of the surgeon's preference, while 19 patients underwent shunting because
      of EEG changes consistent with cerebral ischemia. There was one permanent (1.2%)
      and one transient (1.2%) neurologic deficit. Angiographic findings, clinical
      histories, and intraoperative EEGs were retrospectively reviewed to determine
      which risk factors best predicted the occurrence of intraoperative cerebral
      ischemia. Stroke within six weeks increased the risk of intraoperative cerebral
      ischemia 20-fold. Intracranial disease and contralateral carotid stenosis
      increased the risk of ischemia 17-fold and 16-fold, respectively. Statistical
      summation of all risk factors yielded a probability equation for EEG change that
      accurately quantitated pre-operative risk. Prospective application of this
      probability equation may simplify operative decision making if EEG monitoring is
      not available.

PMID- 3707336
TI  - Evaluation of gastric adenocarcinoma. Abdominal computed tomography does not
      replace celiotomy.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) has been suggested as an alternative to celiotomy for
      predicting the stage and resectability of gastric carcinoma. Since it is the
      policy at our institution to explore all patients regardless of CT findings, this
      experience was reviewed to see if changes were warranted. Thirty-seven patients
      with gastric adenocarcinoma underwent preoperative CT scanning. The extent of
      disease found after operation was compared with the CT assessment. Nineteen
      patients (51%) were found to have more extensive disease than was predicted by
      CT. Of the six patients predicted to have widespread disease by CT, three (50%)
      were found at operation to have disease confined to the stomach or regional
      nodes. These data support a continued role for celiotomy in managing gastric
      adenocarcinoma of the stomach since a significant percentage of patients whose
      disease is believed to be unresectable after CT have potentially curable lesions.

PMID- 3707337
TI  - Ogilvie's syndrome following traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta.

PMID- 3707338
TI  - Development of a safe and effective one-minute preoperative skin preparation.

PMID- 3707339
TI  - Enterococcal burn sepsis. A highly lethal complication in severely burned
      patients.
AB  - A retrospective study was undertaken to examine the incidence and clinical
      significance of enterococcal bacteremia in burned patients with enterococcal burn
      wound infections. During a 26-month period from 1983 to 1985, 38 patients were
      found to have enterococcal burn-wound infections. Twenty of these patients
      developed positive blood cultures for enterococcus with no other identifiable
      source for the bacteremia. Cases occurred sporadically during the study period
      without evidence of a specific epidemic. Ten patients died within ten days of the
      bacteremia, while nine others eventually died from other complications. Only one
      patient survived to discharge. Prior antibiotic therapy did not appear to
      increase the risk for enterococcal infection, and specific therapy against the
      enterococcus after the bacteremia was identified appeared to have no effect on
      mortality. Mortality was significantly greater for bacteremic patients than for
      patients with enterococcal wound infection alone or for burned patients without
      enterococcal infections. Although previously not considered pathogenic,
      enterococcal burn-wound infections should prompt aggressive therapy to prevent
      the development of enterococcal sepsis with its associated high mortality.

PMID- 3707340
TI  - Acid and gastrin levels following pyloric-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy.
AB  - Acid and gastrin production after pyloric-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy was
      evaluated in six patients. Five patients had low-normal basal and stimulated acid
      output; the sixth patient was achlorhydric. Fasting gastrin levels were less than
      90 to 105 pg/mL (normal range) in five patients, three of whom had stimulated
      gastrin levels that remained below this range. Two patients had stimulated
      gastrin levels of 510 pg/mL and 205 pg/mL, respectively, within 15 minutes of
      eating; however, both levels returned to normal by 120 minutes' time. The sixth
      patient had mildly elevated fasting (105 pg/mL) and stimulated gastrin levels
      (160 to 200 pg/mL) throughout the test period. The results suggest that pyloric
      preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy does not lead to either gastric hyperacidity
      or persistent hypergastrinemia.

PMID- 3707341
TI  - The vasoactive properties of ascitic fluid in acute pancreatitis in a porcine
      model.
AB  - The hemodynamic effect of pancreatic ascitic fluid was studied in a porcine
      model. Pancreatitis was induced by a low-pressure infusion of trypsin and
      taurocholate sodium into the pancreatic duct. The ascitic fluid that accumulated
      was then injected into the inferior vena cava of five pigs, with each pig
      receiving five infusions at 40-minute intervals. Mean arterial blood pressure and
      peripheral vascular resistance fell with each infusion, while pulmonary artery
      pressure increased. The magnitude of the drop in arterial blood pressure
      decreased with subsequent infusions, suggesting tachyphylaxis. The rise in
      pulmonary artery pressure increased with successive infusions. Anesthesia
      artifact and decay of the pancreatic ascitic fluid were ruled out as causes of
      the tachyphylaxis. Filtration separated the substances producing pulmonary
      effects and systemic blood pressure effects (0.2 to 11 microns vs 10,000 daltons
      to 0.2 micron). These data suggest that two mediators may produce the hemodynamic
      effects of pancreatic ascitic fluid.

PMID- 3707342
TI  - Angiosarcoma of the breast.
AB  - The clinical histories, operative reports, and pathologic slides of 20 patients
      seen between 1907 and 1984 with diagnoses of angiosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, and
      hemangioendothelioma were reviewed. The mean age of the 19 female patients and
      one male patient was 40.05 years (range, 16 to 67 years). Ten patients had the
      right breast involved, and five patients had contralateral breast involvement.
      Presenting symptoms included a mass in 20 patients, pain in ten patients, and
      breast discoloration in six patients. Before referral, ten patients had the
      misdiagnosis of a benign breast lesion. Because of the deceptively benign
      appearance of many angiosarcomas, these lethal tumors are often misdiagnosed as
      benign hemangiomas. Simple mastectomy is the treatment of choice, while adjuvant
      therapy remains to be evaluated.

PMID- 3707344
TI  - Descending thoracic aorta-to-femoral artery bypass.
AB  - Descending thoracic aorta-to-femoral artery grafts were placed in 13 patients who
      had abdominal aortas deemed undesirable for surgical treatment. These included
      seven patients in whom an infected aortic graft had been removed for primary
      graft infection (three) or aortoduodenal fistula (four). These patients had been
      treated initially with axillary-femoral grafts. In five other patients, this
      approach was used following failure of at least two previous aortofemoral grafts.
      The remaining patient was so treated following multiple complex abdominal
      operations. The surgical technique involves a posterolateral, seventh interspace
      thoracoabdominal incision with a transdiaphragmatic retroperitoneal tunnel to the
      left groin. There was no operative mortality. The mean follow-up of all patients
      was 22 months (range, one to 44 months). All grafts remained patent except one,
      which was removed because of ascending groin infection. Three patients died, at
      24, 29, and 44 months postoperatively, respectively. Reasonable perioperative
      morbidity and reliable patency make this an attractive technique for the
      conversion of axillofemoral bypasses and, when reentry of the abdominal cavity is
      undesirable, laparotomy is avoided.

PMID- 3707343
TI  - Results of arterial reconstruction of the foot.
AB  - Sixty-five patients with critical ischemia required bypass to foot vessels. These
      procedures were performed by five different techniques: (1) femoral-foot bypass
      with in situ saphenous vein; (2) femoral-foot bypass with reversed autogenous
      saphenous vein; (3) femoral-foot bypass with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE); (4)
      popliteal-foot bypass with reversed autogenous saphenous vein; and (5) popliteal
      foot bypass with PTFE. The two-year patency rate of femoral-foot bypass with in
      situ vein (96%) was significantly higher than femoral-foot bypass with reversed
      vein (42%), while both procedures demonstrated significantly higher patency than
      femoral-foot bypass with PTFE (0%). Popliteal-foot bypass with reversed vein
      (92%) was superior to both popliteal-foot bypass with PTFE (27%) and femoral-foot
      bypass with PTFE (0%). Femoral-foot bypass with in situ vein and popliteal-foot
      bypass with reversed vein have appreciably increased vein utilization, graft
      patency, and limb salvage.

PMID- 3707345
TI  - Intraoperative streptokinase. An adjunct to mechanical thrombectomy in the
      management of acute ischemia.
AB  - Streptokinase was injected directly into the arterial tree following balloon
      catheter embolectomy on 13 occasions to remove residual thrombus that could not
      be mechanically retrieved in 12 patients with imminent limb (ten patients) or
      kidney (two patients) necrosis. Effective lysis, confirmed by arteriography,
      pulse return, and increased ankle pressures, was achieved in 11 trials (85%).
      Bleeding complications, minor in three patients and severe in two patients, were
      ascribed to systemic lysis although other factors were contributory. One of five
      deaths was related to therapy. Six limbs were salvaged. The average total dose of
      streptokinase used, 110,000 units, was given in intermittent boluses of 25,000 to
      50,000 units injected below a clamp placed to temporarily occlude distal
      circulation. Safe application of this technique requires intraoperative
      monitoring of coagulation parameters, aggressive replacement therapy, and prudent
      patient selection. This preliminary experience suggests that intraoperative lytic
      therapy (1) is an effective method for clearing thrombus not amenable to
      mechanical extraction and (2) may improve patency and tissue salvage.

PMID- 3707346
TI  - A new method for biliary tract reconstruction for primary bile duct stones.
AB  - Twelve patients with repeated episodes of jaundice and infection due to primary
      biliary duct stones were treated by interposing a 50-cm segment of the jejunum
      between the proximal common duct below the liver and the first portion of the
      duodenum. The interposed jejunum was positioned in a retrogastric position. There
      were no postoperative deaths, and laboratory data indicate no alteration in
      gastric secretion, gastrin levels, or barium reflux into the liver. After a mean
      follow-up period of 11.67 months, there was no need for further operations in
      these patients, all of whom had had previous multiple episodes of cholangitis and
      biliary colic.

PMID- 3707347
TI  - Isolated splenic vein thrombosis.
AB  - Isolated splenic vein thrombosis may lead to a specific clinical presentation,
      namely, bleeding from isolated gastric varices (which are difficult to diagnose),
      splenomegaly, and normal liver function. The most common cause is pancreatic
      disease. To exclude associated portal venous thrombosis, angiography is essential
      prior to a splenectomy, which is curative of the variceal hemorrhage. Splenic
      vein thrombosis may also be noted as an incidental finding during angiography.
      Although the natural history is uncertain, a splenectomy is probably not
      indicated until a hemorrhage occurs.

PMID- 3707348
TI  - Arteriovenous fistula following central venous catheterization.
AB  - We surgically obliterated arteriovenous fistulas in three cases that developed
      after subclavian catheterization. The first patient presented with heart failure
      two years after the catheterization, and the other two presented with
      asymptomatic continuous bruits. The intervals between the removal of the catheter
      and the appearance of the bruit were 1.5 years, three days, and two months. It
      took another six months for the appearance of heart failure in the first case.
      The feeder of the fistula was a branch of the subclavian artery in all cases. In
      previously reported cases, there was usually some interval between the removal of
      the catheter and detection of the fistula, and the feeder was much more commonly
      one of the branches of the subclavian artery than the subclavian artery itself.

PMID- 3707349
TI  - Studies on the secretion of amino acids and of urea into the gastro intestinal
      tract of pigs. 2. Net secretion of leucine into the small and large intestines.
AB  - The experiment was carried out on 3 pigs of 34 kg body weight equipped with re
      entrant cannulas both in the duodenum and terminal ileum. Furthermore, catheters
      were inserted into the external jugular vein and into the carotid artery. During
      a preliminary period digesta from both cannulas were collected and stored. This
      digesta was than reintroduced during a 12 hours period of intravenous infusion of
      14C-leucine while outflowing digesta from the proximal parts of the cannulas were
      collected, stored and analyzed for leucine content, 14C-radioactivity and
      specific radioactivity of leucine. This paper reports the net secretion of 14C
      activity and of 14C-leucine by the small intestine and the recovery of both in
      the content of the digestive tract at the end of the infusion. It was concluded
      that endogenous leucine enters the lumen of the small intestine through the
      intestinal wall mainly in a protein bound form. Free leucine is secreted,
      however, only in small amounts. Metabolites of leucine were also secreted into or
      formed in the lumen of the small intestine. A proportion of endogenous leucine
      was reabsorbed during the passage of digesta along the small intestine.

PMID- 3707350
TI  - [The influence of cellulose and various starches in feed on nitrogen metabolism
      in growing swine].
AB  - In N-balance experiments with a total of 49 female fattening pigs with a live
      weight between 33 and 47 kg the influence of cellulose supplements (exchanger
      principle) and changing quotas of maize starch and maize soak starch in
      semisynthetic feed mixtures on parameters of N-utilization was studied. The
      results show that there may be a positive influence of the supplement of
      cellulose on total N utilization (b-value, Gebhardt, 1963). One can conclude
      that, apart from a shift of the ways of N-excretion through faeces and urine, the
      utilization of products of microbial protein synthesis for N-retention is
      possible to a nutrition-physiologically relevant degree. The influence of the
      kind of starch on N-utilization was small.

PMID- 3707351
TI  - [Protein supply and the use of carbadox in growing swine].
AB  - In a growth experiment with 144 pigs of the landrace breed in the body weight
      range of 20 to 100 kg the effect of Carbadox at constant and decreasing levels in
      the feed until 60 kg body weight on the growth performance and the digestibility
      of the nutrients in rations with a varying protein supply was studied. The
      following results were obtained: The supplementation of Carbadox to protein rich
      diets caused only a small increase in daily body weight gain and feed conversion
      ratio. The increase of growth performance as a consequence of the addition of
      Carbadox was more pronounced with the low protein diets. From this result a
      protein sparing effect of Carbadox can be derived. The effect of Carbadox on
      growth performance could be observed from 20 to 60 kg body weight and over the
      whole experimental period from 20 to 90 kg. The increase of growth performance
      could be largely explained by a better digestibility of the nutrients.

PMID- 3707352
TI  - Studies on the secretion of amino acids and of urea into the gastro intestinal
      tract of pigs. 1. Secretion of leucine into the stomach and upper part of the
      duodenum during continuous intravenous infusion of 14C-leucine.
AB  - Three pigs of 34 kg live weight were fitted with a re-entrant cannula in the
      duodenum, and with two catheters placed in the jugular vein and carotid artery.
      They were fed 1.2 kg/d of wheat-dried-skimmed milk diet. Digesta from the
      proximal duodenal cannula were collected for 12 h on 2 consecutive days; 50% were
      reintroduced into the respective distal cannula and 50% were stored at -20
      degrees C. Three days later 14C-leucine was infused into the jugular vein for 12
      h, starting with the morning meal. During this period the digesta from the
      proximal cannula were collected and stored for analysis while the digesta
      collected previously were reintroduced into the distal cannula. Blood samples
      were taken from the carotid artery. The total flow of duodenal digesta in 12 h
      was 5760 +/- 530 g. On average 70 percent of the radioactivity in digesta was
      associated with the TCA-precipitable fraction. During hours 0-3 and 11-12 of
      infusion 60-70% and 96-98% of the radioactivity in the TCA precipitable fractions
      was in leucine. In the TCA soluble fraction only 30-40 per cent of the
      radioactivity was associated with leucine. At the plateau 2.1 and 3.3% of infused
      14C-leucine and of radioactivity were recovered in the duodenal digesta. The
      calculated amount of endogenous protein passing the duodenum was 20.4 g/d/pig.
      The results are discussed in relation to previous studies on protein synthesis
      and secretion in which 14C- and 15N-amino acids were used.

PMID- 3707354
TI  - On the importance of beta carotene supplementation for calves.
AB  - It is evident from the results, that the beta carotene and vitamin A levels in
      blood serum of calves of different age could be significantly increased by
      Rovimix--beta carotene supplementation. High utilization rate of beta carotene
      from Rovimix as well as considerable beta carotene conversion into vitamin A was
      also found in calves from dams supplemented with Rovimix--beta carotene in the
      period of late pregnancy. The contribution of beta carotene reserves of the
      mother to the vitamin A stores of the foetus and to the beta carotene and vitamin
      A concentrations in blood serum of calves suggest that the main preventive method
      of beta carotene and vitamin A deficiency in calves should be high intake of beta
      carotene from daily ration fed to cows or Rovimix--beta carotene supplementation
      during late pregnancy of cows.

PMID- 3707353
TI  - [The utilization of 15N-labeled urea by the laying hen. 3. Incorporation of
      labeled nitrogen into the amino acids of the white and egg yolk].
AB  - In an experiment with 3 colostomized laying hens the incorporation of heavy
      nitrogen from urea into the amino acids of the 21 eggs laid during the 8-day
      experiment was ascertained. In these eggs the content of 15 amino acids was
      ascertained separately in the whites and yolks of the eggs and their atom-% 15N
      excess (15N') was determined. The heavy nitrogen could be detected in all amino
      acids investigated. The incorporation of 15N' into the essential amino acids of
      the white and yolk of eggs is very low. Of the applied 15N'-amount of the urea
      0.18% could be detected in the 9 essential amino acids of the white of egg and
      0.12% in those of the yolk. For the 6 analysed nonessential amino acids the
      rediscovery quota of 15N' in the white of egg was 0.50% and in the yolk 0.81%.
      The conclusion from these results is that the NPN-source urea is insignificant
      for egg protein synthesis.

PMID- 3707355
TI  - [The influence of the rumen fermoregulator monensin, on selected parameters of
      the metabolism of fattening bulls].
AB  - In two feeding experiments fattening bulls received on average a daily supplement
      of 170 or 200 mg Monensin. In a further 8-week experiment the daily Monensin
      supplement was 0; 500 or 1 000 mg per day. Ergotropic Monensin supplements
      (experiments 1 and 2) did not change the blood count and the Ca, P and Mg content
      of blood serum and the activity of AP, AST and LAP in the serum remained
      unchanged. Net acid base excretion and the content of Na, K and Mg in urine were
      not significantly influenced either. The influence of 500 mg Monensin per animal
      and day on the feed intake of animals previously given lower supplements was
      insignificant. 1 000 mg Monensin per animal and day resulted in a 40% decrease of
      feed intake and permanent diarrhoea. It was connected with a diminishing of the
      glucose content in the blood and an increase of net acid base, Na and P excretion
      in urine. The blood count did not change after the Monensin overdose. In
      conclusion one can say that the ergotropic Monensin supplement did not change the
      metabolism parameters.

PMID- 3707356
TI  - Newcastle disease virus and two influenza viruses: differing effects of acid and
      temperature on the uptake of infectious virus into bovine and canine kidney cell
      lines.
AB  - The entry of 2 influenza viruses was compared to the entry of the Ulster strain
      of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) by measuring the escape rate of preadsorbed
      virus from neutralization using a microwell assay. The 2-minute entry of Ulster
      into Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells increased exponentially over the
      temperature range for fusion of 30-37 degrees C and was prevented by pH 4.6 which
      corresponded to the pH within endosomes. The 2-hour entry of both influenza
      viruses into MDBK cells increased exponentially over the temperature range of 0
      30 degrees C with Q10 values similar to Q10 for the endocytosis of horse radish
      peroxidase and their entry times were reduced to less than 10 minutes at pH 4.6.
      When Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells were used the entry of one influenza
      virus, NIB-8, took 2 minutes whereas the other, A/Jap/Bel, took 2 hours. The
      reason for this was unknown. NIB-8 contains genes 1, 2, 3, 7, 8 from A/Puerto
      Rico/8/34 (H1N1) virus and genes 4, 5, 6 from A/Bangkok/1/79 (H3N2) virus.
      A/Jap/Bel is a triple reassortant which shares genes 3 and 7 with NIB-8 whereas
      1, 2, 4, 5 are from A/Japan/305/57 (H2N2) and genes 6, 8 are from A/Bel/42
      (H1N1).

PMID- 3707357
TI  - Expression of resistance to potato virus X in isolated potato protoplasts.
AB  - Resistance to Potato Virus X (PVX) in potato cultivars is conferred by the genes
      Nx and/or Nb. The Nx gene is activated by group 3 strains of PVX. When
      protoplasts from the cultivars King Edward containing the Nx gene and Pentland
      Crown containing neither resistance gene were inoculated with a group 3 strain of
      PVX resistance was expressed in the King Edward protoplasts. Replication of PVX
      occurred in King Edward protoplasts but only at a very low level as compared with
      the level observed in the susceptible Pentland Crown protoplasts. Similar results
      were obtained when protoplasts obtained from leaf discs mechanically inoculated
      with PVX were used. Virus levels were assayed by immunofluorescence and ELISA.
      Maintenance of resistance in protoplasts of King Edward following inoculation
      with PVX RNA was confirmed suggesting that resistance probably operates at the
      transcription stage in replication. These results clearly demonstrate single gene
      resistance in potato protoplasts inoculated with PVX.

PMID- 3707358
TI  - Inactivation and inhibition of African swine fever virus by monoolein,
      monolinolein, and gamma-linolenyl alcohol. Brief report.
AB  - Monoolein, monolinolein and (most strongly) gamma-linolenyl alcohol inactivate
      ASF virus and inhibit its replication in Vero cells at 25 micrograms/ml while at
      10 micrograms/ml no inactivation occurs but inhibition of replication in tissue
      culture is observed. This suggests two possibly different action mechanisms.

PMID- 3707359
TI  - The effect of cholestyramine on apolipoproteins in cholesterol-fed rabbits.
AB  - The changes in apolipoproteins on cholestyramine therapy associated with
      cholesterol feeding were compared to those observed in cholesterol-fed rabbits.
      Only one molecular species of apo B, identified as apo B-100, was present
      whatever the dietary or pharmacological treatment indicating the hepatic origin
      of apo B-containing lipoproteins in these conditions. Cholestyramine has a clear
      preventive effect on the rise of apo B and apo E which appear following
      cholesterol feeding. These changes are highly correlated with those of the plasma
      cholesterol level. In addition, cholestyramine induced a 50% increase in apo AI
      compared with normal rabbits. These data strongly confirm the beneficial effects
      of cholestyramine in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.

PMID- 3707360
TI  - Metabolism-permeability coupling in the normal rabbit aorta.
AB  - Microfluorimetric and quantitative cytoenzymatic techniques were employed to
      examine regional variations in endothelial macromolecular uptake as related to
      inner mural intermediary metabolism in aortas from normocholesterolemic rabbits.
      Concomitant reductions in luminal fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated bovine
      serum albumin (FITCBSA) accumulation and succinate (SDH), lactate (LDH) and
      glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-PDH) dehydrogenase activities were evidenced from
      ascending to upper abdominal segments. Further diminution of FITCBSA accumulation
      was observed in the lower abdominal aorta, whereas there was a corresponding
      elevation of enzyme activities. Highly significant but not exceedingly close
      correlations were obtained between luminal FITCBSA uptake and inner mural SDH and
      LDH activities. However, much of the associated variability was attributable to
      the lower abdominal segment, where there was a microscopically-discernible
      augmentation in adventitial surface FITCBSA accumulation. The overall data
      provide direct in vivo support for the concept that endothelial macromolecular
      transport is coupled to mural oxidative demands, but also indicate that luminal
      metabolism-permeability relationships are influenced by factors such as
      extensiveness of the vasoral network and wall thickness. Details of the
      metabolism-permeability coupling hypothesis and observations implicating
      metabolic events as basic causative factors underlying vascular pathogenesis are
      discussed.

PMID- 3707361
TI  - [Structure of the neuropile of the abdominal trunk of Oweniidae (Polychaeta,
      Oweniidae)].
AB  - By means of vital staining with methylene blue, structural organization of the
      abdominal nerve trunk has been studied in the Polychaeta--Myriochele oculata
      Zachs. Topographic relations of sensitive, motor and associative neurons of the
      neuropil are demonstrated. Overwhelming majority of the trunk nerves are
      unipolar, and a small part--bipolar. The sensitive and motor elements of the
      neuropil have not any strict zonal localization and are situated in it both
      dorsally and ventrally. The associative apparatus is presented by a system of
      short links. The abdominal trunk is a non-paired formation. During evolution of
      the Oweniidae, there, probably, took place a process on inclusion of the
      sensitive bipolar neurons into the composition of the associative apparatus of
      the abdominal trunk.

PMID- 3707362
TI  - [Features of the receptors of the alar system of locusts which have lost their
      ability to fly].
AB  - Using two species of locusts, Romalia microptera Beavy and Podisma pedestris L.,
      receptors of the wing apparatus are described: campaniform sensillas of the wing,
      hair receptors of the tegula, chordotonal organ and thorax stretch receptor. A
      comparative analysis of the receptors mentioned with the homologous sensitive
      organs, participating in the control of wing movements, is performed in well
      flying species (Locusta migratoria migratorioides and Schistocerca gregaria).
      Loss of ability to fly is accompanied with a sharp decrease in the wing
      campaniform sensillas and in the tegula proprioceptive hairs. Simultaneously,
      there is loss of connection between the thorax receptors and the wing elements
      that are present in good flyers. The thorax stretch receptor begins to innervate
      the longitudinal dorsal muscle, as it is observed in the abdominal segments. The
      data obtained make it possible to speak about homology of the tergal chordotonal
      organs and the thorax and abdomen stretch receptors and about the pathways of
      their evolution, when the insects obtain and loose their ability to fly.

PMID- 3707364
TI  - [Various types of non-synaptic intercellular contacts in the developing brain of
      the rat].
AB  - Peculiarities of ultrastructural organization and localization of early forms of
      avascular nonsynaptic types of junctions formed in 14-18-day-old rat embryos have
      been studied; cerebral structures different in their phylogenic relations (the
      sensomotor cortex and nucleus caudatus) are taken as an example. Five main types
      of nonsynaptic intercellular junctions have been revealed: desmosome-like, gap,
      symmetric, asymmetric and mixed junctions. They differ by their ultrastructural
      organization. These types of junctions make the main types of contacts: soma
      somatic, dendro-somatic, dendro-dendritic, axo-somatic, axo-dendritic. Desmosomes
      form the greatest number of the contacts. The earliest and the most primitive are
      gap junctions; they, evidently, reflect functional activity of desmosome-like
      junctions. The mixed junctions, perhaps, reflect the developmental stages of the
      intercellular contacts of transition from one type of junctions into another.
      Localization peculiarities of the nonsynaptic intercellular contacts are
      demonstrated: glomerule-like formations, establishment of numerous contacts
      looking like a successive chain, and so on. For some other indices a longer
      period of intercellular contact formation in the nucleus caudatus is noted,
      comparing the sensomotor cortex, though the latter is a newer structural cerebral
      formation from the phylogenic point of view.

PMID- 3707363
TI  - [Ultrastructure of the osphradium of Viviparus sp. (Mollusca, Prosobranchia)].
AB  - By means of scanning and transmissive electron microscopy, osphradial structure
      has been studied in the freshwater herbivorous mollusc Viviparus sp. Ciliary
      supporting and microvillous cells are described; they do not form any specific
      for the osphradium zones on its surface. The number of the villi, belonging to
      one supporting cell, is within 20-40. Peripheral processes of the receptory
      subepithelial cells have microvilli and 1-2 kinocilia on their apical surface.
      Central processes of the primary sensitive receptor cells go into the neuropil of
      the osphradial ganglion, that is situated in the center of the osphradial torus.
      Among uni- and multipolar ganglionic cells typical neurosecretory cells with
      electron opaque granules 200 nm in diameter are revealed. Release of
      neurosecretion takes place in the neuropil and in the connective tissue of the
      osphradial ganglion. A suggestion is made on modulating role of neuropeptides in
      the osphradial ganglion, that enables to change sensitivity of this receptor
      organ depending on physiological state of the animal and on the environment.

PMID- 3707365
TI  - [Various neurochemical aspects of the action of the tetrapeptide tuftsin on
      limbic system structures (histochemical and biochemical study)].
AB  - Tetrapeptide tuftsin action on the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDG),
      malate dehydrogenase (MDG) and monoamine-oxidase (MAO) in microstructures of the
      neocortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus (supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei,
      retrochiasmic zone) has been investigated by means of histochemical methods.
      Simultaneously, pyruvate-, malate-, glutamate-, alfaketoglutamate-, succinate-
      and lactate-dehydrogenase activity in the neocortex and in the structures of the
      limbic system has been studied biochemically. SDG and MDG activity increases in
      neurons and glycocytes of all the hypothalamic formations mentioned. Changes in
      the activity of dehydrogenases in the hippocampus and neocortex under the same
      stimulation are less pronounced. MAO activity also increases in the nerve
      terminals converging on the bodies and dendrites of hypothalamic neurons and in
      the preterminal fibers of the neocortex, Tuftsin increases oxidative-reducing
      processes in various structures of the brain, but at the same time it possesses a
      predominant influence on the limbic system structures.

PMID- 3707366
TI  - [Age and features of the content of myelinated fibers in nerves of the splenic
      plexus of man].
AB  - The amount of the myelin fibers (MF) has been calculated in transversal serial
      sections of the nervous-vascular complexes of the splenic artery in newborns, in
      persons of mature (the 1st and 2d periods), elderly and old ages. In each age
      group 20 complexes have been studied. The total amount of the MF in persons of
      mature age (the 1st period) in 4.2-6 times greater (initial--terminal parts of
      the plexus) than in newborns, in the persons of old age it is 4-2.1 times less
      than in persons of mature age (in both cases P less than 0.001). Thin MF
      predominate, their relative contents in the aggregate of all classes of the MF in
      newborns are 92%, in mature persons--87%, in old persons--65%. Decreasing part of
      the thin MF together with increase of their absolute amount in the mature
      persons, comparing to the newborns, depends on higher rates in differentiation of
      middle and thick MF. Phenotyping peculiarities and stages of productive
      development, stabilization (the 1st-2d periods of the mature age), involutions of
      the nerve connections are defined in the splenic artery. The amount of the MF
      predominates in the nerves of the initial part of the plexus comparing to its
      terminal part. There is a direct correlative dependence between the amount of the
      MF in the plexus nerves and the size of the lumen in the splenic artery. Changes
      in the amount of the MF of different classes reflects qualitative differences of
      the splenic innervation relations at certain stages of the human postnatal
      development.

PMID- 3707368
TI  - [Adrenergic innervation of the myocardium and skeletal musculature of the rabbit
      exposed to vibration].
AB  - Innervation of the myocardium and that of foreleg musculature has been studied in
      rabbits subjected to the local vibration effect. The point where the vibration is
      applied is the foreleg, because its nerve plexuses are in the tightest way
      connected with the cardiac nervous apparatus. For treatment of the sections
      incubation in 2% solution of glyoxylic acid is used, which is followed with
      luminescent microscopy. While studying adrenergic nerve plexuses of the right
      auricle, their luminescent activity is stated to decrease more than by a half. In
      the ventricles only single perivascular adrenergic nerve plexuses remain. A
      constant reaction of the plexuses mentioned is revealed not only in the right,
      but in the left extremity subjected to a direct vibration. Taking into account
      that the vibrational effect is performed as a generalized action and it embraces
      the whole skeleton of the animal, it is possible to suggest that the activity of
      the sympathetic nervous plexuses results in a constant influence of noradrenaline
      on the wall of blood vessels producing their steady spasmodicity.

PMID- 3707367
TI  - [Variability in the myeloarchitectonics of the nerves of the thyroid arteries
      during postnatal human development].
AB  - Serial transversal sections on the nerve-vascular complexes of four thyroid
      arteries in newborns, in persons of the 1st and 2d periods of mature age, in
      elderly and old persons (40 complexes in each age group) are stained after
      Weigert--Pahl. Amount of myelin fibers (MF) of three dimensional classes are
      defined micromorphometrically. Total amount of the MF in the nerves of all
      thyroid plexuses is the greatest in the persons belonging to the second mature
      period of age: it is 2.7 times as great as in the newborns. In the elderly
      persons it is 1.5 times, and in the old persons--1.8 times as little as in the
      persons of the second period of maturity. Thin MF make the absolute majority. The
      amount of the MF with middle caliber in the thyroid nerves of the mature persons
      is 6.6 times as great as in the newborns. Their amount in the old persons is 1.7
      times as little as in the mature persons. Thick MF are absent in the newborns; in
      the mature and elderly persons they are observed now and then. The thick MF are
      characterized by a high variation coefficient (up to 84%). According to the
      criteria of absolute and relative contents of both total and group composition of
      the MF in postnatal period, three stages in development of the thyroid
      innervational connections performed by the MF are revealed: productive,
      stabilization and involution. The correlative analysis reveales a direct
      dependence in the system diameter of each thyroid artery--number of the MF in
      nerves of its plexus in the newborns and mature persons. This dependence becoms
      negative in the elderly and old persons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3707369
TI  - [Paravascular structures of the major arteries of the cerebral hemispheres
      (electron microscopy study)].
AB  - The ultrastructure of the paravasal formations of the magistral arteries in the
      brain hemispheres has been studied: the paravasal nerve trunks (components of the
      external nerve plexus of the arteries, running outside the adventitia and
      surrounded with liquor) and the artery-stabilizing constructions--strings in the
      human being and in the dog. The human para-arterial nerve trunks possess the vasa
      nervorum system, presented by blood capillaries situating at the border of endo-
      and perineurium, by powerfully developed perineurium, which includes into its
      composition a system of basal membranes and perineural cells. In the canine para
      arterial nerve trunks these formation are absent. In the string composition there
      are collagenous-fibrillar base represented by tightly packed fasciculi of
      collagenous fibers, oriented in parallel to the long axis of the string, and by
      stellate cells. Both the paravasal nerve trunks and the strings are surrounded
      with flattened cells of the endothelial sheath. They are very much alike with the
      arachnoidendothelial cells lining the subarachnoidal space.

PMID- 3707370
TI  - [Morphofunctional adjustments in the microvasculature of the conjunctiva of the
      human eye at different stages of the postnatal period of ontogenesis].
AB  - By means of the biomicroscopy method under vital conditions, conjunctival
      microvessels in the eyeball have been investigated in 240 healthy boys 7-17 years
      of age at the state of rest and at the antiorthostatic action. The rearrangement
      of the conjunctival microcirculatory bed of the eyeball completes on the whole by
      13-14 years of age and is characterized by transition from diffuse to a more
      refulate structure (the number of the main magistrals lessens, they become
      larger, the number of capillaries functioning simultaneously decreases, the role
      of the shunting blood stream becomes more important). With this process in
      ontogenesis, certain changes in reactivity of microvessels are connected. The
      quickest and the most adequate responses of the microvessels appear in the
      development by the time when the definitive composition of the conjunctival
      microcirculatory bed in the eyeball is formed. Since that time the
      microcirculatory system reaches its optimal level of functioning and all the
      processes are performed in the most economic regimen.

PMID- 3707371
TI  - [Device for intravascular injections with controllable pressure].

PMID- 3707372
TI  - [Relation between the septal nuclei and the amygdaloid complex of the brain of
      the cat].
AB  - By means of retrograde and anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase method
      it has been demonstrated in two series of experiments with injecting the enzyme
      into separate septal nuclei and the amygdaloid complex in cats that most of
      amygdaloid nuclei (cortico-medial, central and baso-lateral) are reciprocally
      connected only with two nuclei in the septum: with the nucleus of the diagonal
      bundle of Broca and with the nucleus of the terminal strip bed. The projections
      studied are topically organized. The cortico-medial and basal nuclei of the
      amygdaloid complex are reciprocally connected with the ventral part of the
      diagonal bundle of Broca and with the terminal strip bed nucleus. The central
      nucleus of the amygdala has reciprocal projections only with the terminal strip
      bed nucleus, and with the ventral part of the diagonal bundle of Broca it has
      only a unilateral connection. On the contrary, the lateral nucleus of the
      amygdala is reciprocally connected with the ventral part of the diagonal bundle
      of Broca, and is only projected on the terminal strip bed nucleus without getting
      any projections from it.

PMID- 3707373
TI  - [Size of the lesioned portion of the retina after laser exposure (electron
      microscopic study)].
AB  - Morphological pattern of the retina in the trauma focus and outside its borders
      has been studied electron microscopically after application of ruby laser
      monoimpulse radiation (wave length 0.69 mcm, energy 1.06-1.25 X 10(-4) J and
      impulse length 20 nc). The trauma focus is not limited only by the volcano-shaped
      inflation of the retina. The lesion of the photoreceptory ultrastructure and the
      disturbance of microcirculation in the vascular layer are defined in 3 zones
      investigated: at the distance 50, 100 and 1,000 mcm from the spot on the retina,
      visible in the light microscope. This phenomenon should be taken into
      consideration when choosing therapeutic doses of laser radiation, applied for
      treatment of various diseases of the eye.

PMID- 3707374
TI  - [Compensatory and adaptive changes in the heart after pulmonary resection
      (morphometric analysis)].
AB  - The experiment has been performed in 124 non-inbred dogs by means of a complex of
      morphometrical methods in order to study compensatory-adaptive processes in the
      heart after pulmonary resection various in its volume. After 58% resection, and
      especially after 67-75% resection of the lung mass, a stable pulmonary arterial
      hypertension appears; it results in development of a chronic cor pulmonale and
      terminates in its decompensation. Application of extrapulmonary arterio-venous
      anastomosis, before 67-75% of the pulmonary parenchyma is resected, decreases
      hypertension in the pulmonary circulation, improves adaptive changes of the heart
      in the newly formed conditions of hemodynamics, preventing development of its
      failure.

PMID- 3707375
TI  - [The microcirculatory bed of the human heart].
AB  - Using a complex approach in studying microcirculatory bed of the human heart,
      possibilities of scanning electron microscopy of corrosive preparations, those of
      silver nitrate impregnation after V. V. Kuprianov are demonstrated. The silver
      nitrate impregnation makes it possible to study the wall structure of the
      microcirculatory pathways, to analyse arrangement of nuclei in the endothelial
      and muscle cells of the microcirculatory links, to reveal together with the
      vessels the surrounding tissues. Scanograms of the corrosive preparations of the
      arterioles demonstrate "circulatory strips", that are absent in the venular part.
      The relief of the luminal casts of the microcirculatory bed vessels in the human
      heart is presented as impresses of nuclei of the endothelial and smooth muscle
      cells. Peculiarities in form and distribution of these nuclei in various links of
      the microbed are demonstrated.

PMID- 3707376
TI  - [Theory of the continuity of germ plasma according to the findings of modern
      biology].
AB  - The main principles on the theory of germ plasma by A. Weismann are briefly
      presented; a number of his genetic-embryological hypotheses proved to be
      prophetic. Modern notions on the germ plasma are critically discussed, as well as
      the resulting from them the conception on continuity of totipotent cells (the
      source of germ cells) in the line of generations, that is historically connected
      with M. Nussbaum--A. Weismann's notions on continuity of the embryonic pathway.
      The term totipotency is sometimes used inaccurately; it means ability to
      formation of a whole organism. In Metazoa zygota and isolated blastomeres, at a
      regulative type of development, and groups of somatic cells or fragments of the
      organism, at an asexual reproduction and somatic embryogenesis, possess this
      ability. In ontogenesis totipotency is lost both by the somatic and by the germ
      cells because of their specialization and is recreated with the beginning of
      every ontogenesis when zygota is formed. The germ cells are always a product of
      the organism--unicellular or multicellular, and their specialization in all its
      manifestations is the result of integrative influences of the organism as a whole
      of them. Certain reasons are presented for supporting ideas on germ cells as one
      of the lines of cell differentiation. The main, if not the only contradiction in
      the problem concerning relation of the germ and somatic cells is, at the present
      time, the thesis on continuity of totipotent cells in the line of generations.

PMID- 3707377
TI  - [Development of the paravascular bed of the vessels of the human heart during the
      prenatal period of ontogenesis].
AB  - The paravascular bed of the cardiac vessels has been studied in 128 human fetuses
      at the age of 3-9 lunar months. Anatomical and histological techniques have been
      used, morphometrical analysis has been carried out. The paravascular bed of the
      cardiac wall vessels begins to form from the vascular epicardial network and from
      the paraneural vessels in 5-month-old fetuses. The paravasal longitudinal tracts
      are the first to form (the venous ones preceed the arterial). During the seventh
      month the nutritive vessels and the intramural networks of the main cardiac
      arteries and veins develop. The formation of the paraarterial bed is connected
      with the vascular diameter and with thickness of the arterial walls. Certain
      regularities in development of the venous paravascular bed are defined. By the
      beginning of the 8th month there are all main components of the paravascular bed
      of the cardiac vessels.

PMID- 3707378
TI  - [Effect of cholera toxin on the ultrastructure of a primary culture of human
      fetal intestinal epithelium].
AB  - Ultrastructure of the primary culture of epitheliocytes in the small and large
      intestine of 20-22-week-old human fetuses has been investigated, normal and 1, 3,
      6, 12 and 24 h after administration of cholera toxin (choleragen) into the cell
      culture. The culture studied is mainly presented by absorbtive epitheliocytes,
      goblet, endocrinic and Paneth's cells, that preserve to a certain degree their
      differented structure. The most pronounced ultrastructural changes of the
      intestinal epitheliocytes in the primary cell culture, resembling those, that are
      previously noted in the epitheliocytes of the small and large intestine under
      influence of cholera toxin in various experimental animals in vivo, are revealed
      3-6 h after administration of cholera toxin into the primary culture of the small
      intestine epitheliocytes and 6-12 h--into the large intestine epitheliocytes. The
      intestinal epitheliocytes of the human fetuses in the cell culture are sensitive
      to the action of cholera toxin and present a suitable model for studying the
      action mechanism of the toxin on the intestinal epithelium.

PMID- 3707379
TI  - [Anatomo-stereologic characteristics of the mucous membrane of the major duodenal
      papilla].
AB  - In 55 men and 60 women who had had not any pathology in their biliary-pancreato
      duodenal system during life, microrelief of the mucous membrane in the major
      duodenal papilla has been studied by means of light and scanning electron
      microscopy. It is defined by variants of fusion of the common bile duct and the
      pancreatic duct in the papilla. Three main variants of the ducts fusion are
      defined and, respectively, three main varieties of the structure of the mucous
      membrane folds. When the ducts flow into the same orifice separately, the mucous
      membrane relief is even, parvigranular and there are no fold-valves. In the
      common major duodenal papilla, the architectonics of the mucous membrane
      resembles the valve that acts as a block-outlet mechanism.

PMID- 3707380
TI  - [Somatotyping of children and adolescents].
AB  - Longitudinal observations on growth and development in children and adolescents
      with a usual (school) and increased (sporting) motor activity regimens have been
      performed for 13 years and certain metrical characteristics have been obtained.
      After their treatment by means of the factor and correlative analyses, they are
      divided into basic and auxiliary. The basic characteristics have a high
      correlative connection with progress in certain kinds of physical activity
      (sporting achievements), the auxiliary ones determine the technique of carrying
      out the movement. Basing on theoretical generalization of the literature data and
      analyzing the metrical values obtained at anthropometry, an objective scheme of
      somatotyping is worked out. It considers an independent variation of the signs
      according to spatial (clearance limit, componental and proportional) and time
      (variants of development) scales. Nontraditional estimation on manifestation of
      fatty, muscular and osseous components is elaborated, algorhythm of their
      estimation is suggested. Three main (micro-, meso-, macrosomatic) and two
      additional (micromesosomatic and mesomacrosomatic) somatic types are defined.
      They include manifestation of fatty, muscular and osseous masses, as well as the
      proportion of the body-build. The mark scale estimation of individual metrical
      values according to the elaborated age nomograms and scales makes the base of the
      typing. As demonstrates the retrospective analysis of the material, in 86% of
      cases the somatic type does not change in the course of ontogenesis. Estimation
      of the somatic type during the pubertal period should be carried out with a
      strict consideration of the variant of the child's development.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3707381
TI  - [Mounting museum specimens].

PMID- 3707383
TI  - [Problems in teaching in a course on human anatomy].

PMID- 3707382
TI  - [An attachment for the microtome MPS-2 for preparation of epoxide blocks for
      microtomy].

PMID- 3707384
TI  - [Problems of the differential diagnosis and classification of liposarcomas
      (electron microscopy study)].
AB  - Ultrastructure of both liposarcomas of different histological types and those
      with non-verified diagnosis are studied. Liposarcomas are shown to contain a
      basic complex of ultrastructural features of lipid differentiation and different
      histological types of these tumours have, in principle, identical features
      varying in the degree of their expression. The questions of a differential
      diagnosis of liposarcomas and other tumours can be successfully solved on the
      basis of the above findings, and even more, a group of liposarcomas with a severe
      cataplasia that does not have histological analogues may be distinguished. The
      results allowed to work out an ultrastructural classification of liposarcomas in
      which the degree of cataplasia is directly taken into account.

PMID- 3707385
TI  - [Cytological verification of histological variants of lymphogranulomatosis].
AB  - Punch biopsies of the affected lymph nodes from 60 patients with
      lymphogranulomatosis were examined in order to verify cytologically the
      histological variants of the disease. It was established by a correlation between
      the cytological picture and histological diagnosis that the morphological
      structure of Berezovsky--Sternberg cells is the basis for the cytological
      verification of the lymphogranulomatosis histological type. Cells with
      polymorphic nuclei containing large nucleoli are characteristic of a mixed-cell
      variant of the tumour, So-called lacunar cells with a clear cytoplasm and
      multiple small monomorphic nuclei with small nucleoli are specific for a nodular
      variant. Pronounced cell polymorphism is characteristic of the so-called
      reticular type with suppression of lymphoid tissue; this type of
      lymphogranulomatosis is verified tentatively if an essential number of lymphoid
      cells are present in smears.

PMID- 3707386
TI  - [Complex cytomorphological determination of the degree of anaplasia of breast
      cancer cells].
AB  - Complex study of cytological, morphometric and cytogenetic indices of mammary
      carcinoma in 92 women and an evaluation of survival of 196 patients depending on
      the level of tumour anaplasia. The correlation is shown between the tumour
      anaplasia signs including an interphase nuclei morphometry, X-chromatin content
      and mitotic index on the one hand and the degree of clinical malignancy confirmed
      by the results of 5-years survival on the other.

PMID- 3707387
TI  - [Pathological anatomy in the Soviet public health system].

PMID- 3707388
TI  - [Histological and ultrastructural characteristics of yolk sac tumors of gonadal
      and extragonadal localization in children].
AB  - 30 yolk sac tumours of a gonadal and extragonadal localization in children (19
      testis tumours, 5 ovarian tumours, 6 tumours of extragonadal sites: presacral,
      sacralcoccygens, gluteal, retroperitoneal regions, vagina, liver) are studied
      histologically, in 8 cases electron-microscopically as well. The description of
      main histological and ultrastructural features that either may be used for
      differential diagnosis or may indicate the degree of tumour cells differentiation
      is presented.

PMID- 3707389
TI  - [Morphological and cytophotometric characteristics of polyps of the colon and
      rectum].
AB  - Material from 60 patients with colon and rectum polyps as well as "normal" mucous
      membrane (44 patients) taken at some distance from polyps are studied. DNA
      content was measured by a flow cytometry method (ICP-II) in parallel to
      morphological (cytological and histological) examination of biopsies. Analysis of
      material was performed by groups depending on the epithelial dysplasia degree in
      the adenomas. Diploid cells dominated in the adenomas. Significant increase of
      cells in S- and (G2 + M)-phases of cell cycles is noted in the adenomas with a
      severe epithelial dysplasia as compared to the adenomas with a mild or moderate
      dysplasia. Aneuploid cells are detected in 5 adenomas, 4 of them morphologically
      were those with a severe dysplasia including 2 cases in which it was difficult to
      differentiate between a severe dysplasia and carcinoma although the signs of
      invasion were absent.

PMID- 3707390
TI  - [Incidence of microangiopathy in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (data from
      the morphological examination of skin biopsy specimens)].
AB  - The biopsies of the thigh skin from 85 patients with insulin-dependent (juvenile)
      diabetes mellitus are studied. Diabetic microangiopathy is detected
      histologically in 70 patients. The degree of microangiopathy was positively
      correlated with the duration of diabetes (p less than 0.01) and this allowed to
      calculate the probability of vascular alterations development at various periods
      of disease. The patient age and the gravity of insulin-dependent diabetes did not
      influence significantly the frequency and the degree of diabetic microangiopathy
      (p greater than 0.05).

PMID- 3707391
TI  - [Spontaneous esophageal rupture].
AB  - Five observations of spontaneous ruptures of oesophagus with a recovery of one
      patient are described. Acute start, early development of the oesophageal wall
      phlegmona at the site of rupture followed by a bacterial shock were observed in
      all patients. Early drainage of the mediastinal tissues with an aspiration
      favoured the localization of the processes and accelerated the healing of the
      oesophageal wall. Mature scars were found 4 months after the rupture.
      Morphological study of the oesophageal wall after the rupture revealed the
      disturbances of the neuro-muscular coordination of the wall this being documented
      by a muscle atrophy in the circular layer of oesophagus. A term "spontaneous
      rupture" may be accepted symbolically as the morphological study indicates the
      alterations of muscle layers that precede the rupture and under the circumstances
      of an increased pressure on the oesophageal walls during vomiting may facilitate
      the rupture.

PMID- 3707392
TI  - [Morphological and endoscopic characteristics of chronic gastroduodenitis in
      children with lesions of the hepatobiliary system and pancreas].
AB  - Morphological and endoscopic features of a chronic gastroduodenitis combined with
      dyskinesia of bile ducts and pathology of hepatobiliary system and pancreas
      (chronic cholecystocholangitis, cholecystopancreatitis, "reactive" pancreatitis)
      are studied in 72 children. The most severe changes in the duodenal mucosa
      (chronic atrophy or, less frequently, diffuse duodenitis) were found in patients
      with dyskinesia of bile ducts and with disturbances of hepatobiliary system and
      pancreas. A characteristic feature of chronic duodenitis in patients with
      diseases of hepatobiliary system and pancreas lymphangiectasia in the villi.

PMID- 3707393
TI  - [Morphofunctional evaluation of the results of reconstructive operations of
      gastroenteroanastomosis in peptic ulcer].
AB  - The mucosa of the gastric stump, abducting and adducting loops of small intestine
      in patients with peptic ulcers of gastrointestinal anastomosis has been examined
      with scanning, transmission electron and light microscopy, morphometry, and the
      study of secretion at various periods after reconstructive surgery combined with
      vagotomy. An increase of the number of chief and parietal cells in the gastric
      stump fundal glands, increase of the thickness of the mucosa due to the deepening
      of the crypts of the adducting and abducting loops of the small intestine, and
      alteration of the mucosal microrelief of the gastric stump and small intestine
      are noted in peptic ulcers of gastrointestinal anastomosis especially near the
      site of anastomosis. This is accompanied by an increase of mucosal secretory
      activity. Reconstructive operations combined with vagotomy cause a reduction in
      chief and parietal cells number, smoothing of the mucosal microrelief and
      decrease of gastric secretory activity.

PMID- 3707394
TI  - [Histogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma].
AB  - The origin of Kaposi's sarcoma from the endothelium and fibroblast-like cells of
      a vascular wall is proven on the basis of complex pathomorphological,
      immunomorphological, autoradiographic and electron microscopical investigation of
      tumour biopsies. Depending upon the predominating cell type of origin, the tumour
      in its different parts, may form the structures of either different variants of
      angiomas or fibrosarcomas.

PMID- 3707395
TI  - [Rhabdomyosarcoma of the heart].
AB  - An observation of a clinically unidentified multicentric pleomorphic heart
      rhabdomyosarcoma in a 66 -- year-old man is described. The case has been verified
      on the basis of histological and electron-microscopic examination. By means of
      Heidenhein's and Mallory's histological methods there was found a cross striation
      in the cytoplasm of some sarcomatous cells. The electron-microscopic examination
      made it possible to relate the tumour to a poorly differentiated type. The
      peculiar feature of the observation is the lack of extracardial metastases as
      well as rapid development of cardiac decompensation.

PMID- 3707396
TI  - [Hemangiopericytoma of the bone].
AB  - A case of tibia hemangiopericytoma in a male of 19 is described. The diagnosis is
      confirmed electron-microscopically.

PMID- 3707397
TI  - [Prospective trends in pathologo-anatomic research].
AB  - New approaches and possibilities of studying such categories in general pathology
      as morphogenesis, pathogenesis and nozology are considered. The study of
      morphogenesis is shown to be the most perspective in the analysis of functioning
      of the systems responsible for the specialized function of a given structure;
      cell regulatory systems (cell cooperations); antagonistic functions at different
      structural levels. Pathogenesis, as a category of general pathology, can be
      studied most efficiently by the pathologist when investigating the responsiveness
      (cell defence systems, neuro-endocrine and local cell regulation, heredity). A
      role of the pathologist determining nozology is most efficient in the search of
      etiological, pathogenetic and organospecific (for tumours) markers. The prospects
      and methodological significance of such investigations are pointed out.

PMID- 3707399
TI  - [Cellular apoptosis in the radiation pathomorphosis of tumors].
AB  - Results of histologic and electron microscopic study of rectum cancer before and
      after radiation therapy are presented. A peculiar form of cancer cell death-
      apoptosis--was observed in all the tumours. The differences between necrosis and
      apoptosis are indicated, feasible mechanisms of cell death are considered. The
      justification of a further investigation of apoptosis is given.

PMID- 3707398
TI  - [Role of neutrophils and macrophages in localizing purulent infection].
AB  - Early stages of bordering the focus of purulent and aseptic inflammation in man
      and in experimental animals are studied with a particular analysis of the role of
      polynuclear neutrophils (PNN) and macrophages (MP) in this process. Two variants
      of a purulent inflammation are studied: widespread diffuse (peritonitis) and
      circumscribed (abscess). Aseptic diffuse peritonitis and circuscribed
      inflammation of muscles are studied as control. Methods of light and electron
      microscopy are used. It is shown that in a purulent and aseptic inflammation a
      phylogenetically predetermined reaction develops which is directed to the
      localization and limitation of an inflammatory focus. This response is brought
      about by blood cells--PNN and MP--between which an interconnection exists
      stipulated by their function. PNN are the first to appear in the inflammatory
      focus and their main function is to reveal the presence or the absence of the
      infection, localization and destruction of bacteria. Macrophages appear in the
      inflammatory focus later, their function is in the circumscription of the focus
      and in the stimulation of the connective tissue capsula around the purulent zone
      or the development of scar in the aseptic inflammation.

PMID- 3707400
TI  - [Significance of nonspecific histopathologic changes in the myocardium in sudden
      coronary death].
AB  - Informative value of non-specific histopathological myocardial changes was
      determined on the material of 31 autopsy cases of a sudden coronary death (SCD)
      and comparison of two groups: 18 observations of violent death and 17
      observations of an acute alcoholic intoxication. Informative value was assessed
      using Kullback's criterion. Large- and small-focal cardiosclerosis and
      cardiomyocyte hyperthrophy were of a high informative value for SCD. Sclerosis of
      the intramural arteries, congestion on venas and capillaries, muscle fiber
      fragmentation had an informative value for SCD versus a violent death, and
      haemorrhages for SCD versus an alcoholic group. Cardiomyocyte vacuolisation and
      wavelike deformation of muscle fibers were of a low informative value.
      Cardiomyocyte atrophy and lymphohistiocytic infiltration were informative for SCD
      when compared to a violent death and for an alcoholic group when compared to SCD.
      Endothelial proliferation of the microcirculation vessels, myolysis, sludge
      phenomenon, lypofuscinosis, stromal lipomatosis were of informative value for the
      alcoholic group and not for SCD.

PMID- 3707401
TI  - [Ultrastructural morphology of acute alcoholic intoxication].
AB  - Histologic and electron-microscopic examination of the liver, heart, kidneys,
      lungs of 32 individuals who died from acute alcoholic intoxication (alcoholemia
      from 2,9 to 7,2 0/00) and 16 people who died suddenly from a trauma being in the
      state of a severe alcoholic intoxication. Material was taken for the examination
      within 3 hours after death. The ultrastructural alterations detected in the
      organs reflect a deep metabolic disturbances resulting from an acute or chronic
      alcoholic intoxication. The relation of morphological changes with an age and an
      alcohol abuse duration is discussed.

PMID- 3707403
TI  - Eyelid tattooing: is it here to stay?

PMID- 3707402
TI  - [Current aspects of the pathomorphosis of tuberculosis].
AB  - An analysis of the clinico-anatomical concept "pathomorphosis" allows
      distinguishing the factors that determine it: social-economical, therapeutic-
      preventive, ecological and evolutionary adaptive ones. The essence of "the
      induced pathomorphosis" of tuberculosis is revealed on the basis of
      epidemiological, clinical and pathological features. The category
      "pathomorphosis" is reported to be changeable and any weakening of preventive
      antituberculosis measures will result in the reccurence of classical forms of the
      disease.

PMID- 3707405
TI  - A lens nucleus expressor: 'a third hand'.

PMID- 3707404
TI  - Hyphema as a complication of strabismus surgery in an aphakic eye.

PMID- 3707406
TI  - Eye injuries induced by a barbed three-pronged fishing spear.

PMID- 3707407
TI  - Localized bullous keratopathy secondary to adherent lens capsule.

PMID- 3707408
TI  - Over-the-counter phenylpropanolamine: a possible cause of central retinal vein
      occlusion.

PMID- 3707409
TI  - Opinions from private physicians overlooked in peer-reviewed journals.

PMID- 3707410
TI  - Visual acuity results following treatment of persistent hyperplastic primary
      vitreous.
AB  - The visual acuity outcome of patients with persistent hyperplastic primary
      vitreous (PHPV) was reviewed. A total of 48 patients with the diagnosis of PHPV
      were seen at the University of Iowa, Iowa City, from 1971 through 1984. Twenty
      five patients were managed nonsurgically, of which 23 had a poor visual acuity
      outcome (less than or equal to 5/200). Two with mild cases had visual acuities of
      20/100 and 20/30. Twenty-three patients were treated surgically. Five of these
      had no further postoperative rehabilitation. Eighteen patients underwent surgery
      and aggressive optical and occlusion therapy. Eight of these 18 patients (44%)
      had postoperative visual acuities of 20/200 or better. These eight patients
      represent 17% of the study population. Therefore, lensectomy-membranectomy
      procedures for the purpose of effecting visual development are reasonable
      therapeutic options in patients with PHPV in whom the findings are primarily
      anterior in nature, surgery is performed at an early age, and aggressive
      amblyopia therapy is instituted.

PMID- 3707411
TI  - Histopathologic and scanning electron microscopic study of one type of
      intraocular lens.
AB  - We performed clinicopathologic analyses of 28 explanted anterior chamber
      intraocular lenses (Stableflex). Two factors strongly indicated that this lens
      can be difficult to remove: (1) the clinical histories obtained from the
      explanting surgeons who, with few exceptions, stated that removal was extremely
      difficult; and (2) our scanning electron microscopic findings, which documented
      extensive tissue encapsulation around loops as well as multiple sites of loop
      severance required at the time of lens removal. The general efficacy of this
      intraocular lens compared with other anterior chamber lenses was not addressed in
      this study.

PMID- 3707412
TI  - Scotopic sensitivity loss in glaucoma.
AB  - Photopic and scotopic increment thresholds were measured at selected visual field
      positions for 39 patients suspected of having glaucoma, 39 patients with
      diagnosed glaucoma, and 31 age-matched normal control subjects. Stimuli were
      presented at equal-eccentricity pairs of positions just above and below the nasal
      horizontal meridian. Both photopic and scotopic thresholds were elevated
      significantly for both the suspect and glaucoma groups. The average photopic and
      scotopic threshold elevations were the same for the suspect group, but scotopic
      threshold elevations were substantially greater than photopic threshold
      elevations for the glaucoma group. In a more detailed analysis of the glaucoma
      group data, local and diffuse components of the photopic and scotopic threshold
      elevations were operationally defined. The analysis revealed that localized
      photopic and scotopic scotomas were of equal depth, but diffuse scotopic defects
      exceeded diffuse photopic defects by a factor of 2:1 log units. These findings
      suggest that not all ganglion cell types are equally susceptible to glaucomatous
      damage and also point to scotopic perimetry as a potentially sensitive test for
      early glaucoma detection.

PMID- 3707413
TI  - Recording pattern visual evoked potentials under chloral hydrate sedation.
AB  - Accurate assessment of visual function in infants and preverbal children is
      difficult because of the dependence on vision tests that require the patient's
      cooperation. In an attempt to resolve this problem, we evaluated pattern visual
      evoked potentials (PVEPs) obtained on infants under chloral hydrate sedation. Ten
      patients were studied--four with unilateral amblyopia, three with suspected
      amblyopia, and three without amblyopia. Patients with amblyopia showed robust and
      reproducible responses from the sound eye, while responses from the amblyopic eye
      were significantly diminished (amplitude ratio less than or equal to 0.63). The
      PVEP responses from patients without amblyopia were large in amplitude and
      symmetrical between fellow eyes (amplitude ratio greater than 0.9). In two eyes
      with normal vision, optically fogging the patterned stimulus image substantially
      reduced the PVEP response, establishing a sensitivity to pattern images rather
      than changes in the overall luminance. We have thus determined that the PVEP can
      be reliably obtained under chloral hydrate sedation and that these responses,
      like PVEP responses taken in the awake state, reflect the presence of amblyopia
      and image clarity. Use of the PVEP with chloral hydrate sedation may prove
      clinically useful for detecting amblyopia in uncooperative infants and children.

PMID- 3707414
TI  - Spontaneous regression of a choroidal melanoma.
AB  - Although spontaneous regression of uveal malignant melanoma is rare, its
      occurrence is not uncommon in cutaneous melanomas. We report a 15-year follow-up
      of an enlarging posterior pigmented tumor. It initially appeared to spontaneously
      regress into a flat chorioretinal scar, but, ten years later, it grew markedly
      and the eye was enucleated. Histopathologic changes similar to those found in
      regressed cutaneous melanomas were located in the region of the chorioretinal
      scar.

PMID- 3707415
TI  - Therapeutic ultrasound. Light and electron microscopic findings in an eye treated
      for glaucoma.
AB  - Focused high-intensity (FHI) ultrasound has recently been used to treat advanced
      glaucoma. This report describes the pathologic findings in the eye of a 30-year
      old woman treated with FHI ultrasound for glaucoma. Major findings consisted of
      highly localized destruction of the pigmented and nonpigmented ciliary
      epithelium, profound atrophy of the ciliary muscle, and loss of scleral collagen.
      While the mechanism by which FHI ultrasound reduces intraocular pressure is not
      completely understood, the histologic effects of ultrasonic radiation are
      localized to the site of treatment.

PMID- 3707416
TI  - Ascorbic acid levels in the aqueous humor of nocturnal and diurnal mammals.
AB  - Ascorbic acid concentration is known to be very high in the aqueous humor of
      humans and most animals. The role it might play in ocular function is a subject
      of conjecture. Some have proposed that it might protect the eye against light
      induced damage. We examined the aqueous humor from 22 species of mammals to
      determine the range of levels and to see if there was a correlation with
      behavior. A wide range of ascorbic acid levels in the aqueous humor was found.
      Most of the animals considered to be diurnal had higher ascorbic acid levels than
      the nocturnal animals. This would suggest that ascorbic acid in the aqueous humor
      may play a protective role in those animals who are most exposed to light.
      Regardless, any theory proposing a role for ascorbic acid in the eye in mammals
      must take the wide range of ascorbic acid levels into account.

PMID- 3707417
TI  - Management of complicated ptosis with contralateral levator recession.
AB  - We describe a unique approach to complicated unilateral minimal ptosis. Three
      cases of unilateral ptosis were successfully managed with the technique of
      contralateral levator recession. Contralateral levator recession is a useful
      procedure heretofore undescribed, to our knowledge, for the management of ptosis.

PMID- 3707418
TI  - A device for keratometry in the supine patient.
AB  - We fabricated a device that allows suspension of a keratometer from an operating
      microscope stand in a manner that permits keratometry to be performed with the
      patient in the supine position. The specifications for this device are given to
      allow replication by a hospital machinist.

PMID- 3707421
TI  - A comparative study of the clinical results obtained with plastipore and ceramic
      ossicular prostheses in otologic surgery.
AB  - We describe our experience with clinical tolerance to total and partial ossicular
      prostheses using ceramic and plastipore and the functional results obtained. We
      have found that ceramic is well tolerated (with a 4% incidence of rejection) in
      contrast to plastipore (which had a 19% incidence of rejection). The ceramic
      partial and total prostheses give satisfactory function results, and 63% and 62%
      of our patients, respectively, were found to have postoperative air-bone gaps of
      less than 20 dB, and average air-bone gap gains of 16 and 21 dB.

PMID- 3707419
TI  - The pathology of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss.
AB  - We examined the temporal bone pathologies in 12 ears with idiopathic sudden
      sensorineural hearing loss, and found that the lesions present in these specimens
      and in 10 others reported in the literature are similar to lesions occurring in
      known cases of viral cochleitis. These lesions are unlike those resulting from
      known vascular causes.

PMID- 3707420
TI  - ASA disease: the clinical relationship of nasal polyposis to ASA intolerance.
AB  - We studied the complex relationship between nasal polyposis and ASA
      (acetylsalicylic acid) intolerance in 154 patients with nasal polyps. The
      clinical histories of all patients were reviewed, and diagnostic tests for immune
      or allergic causes and the responsiveness of patients to challenges with ASA
      substitutive drugs were analyzed. A third of our patients tested were found to
      have positive personal histories of atopy and 35% showed ASA intolerance.
      Although 40% had bronchial asthma, only 16.8% of all patients had positive tests
      for allergy. We were unable to find a specific mechanism to explain the
      relationship between nasal polyposis and ASA intolerance and further
      investigations are still required.

PMID- 3707422
TI  - The vascular anatomy of the spiral lamina and the spiral limbus in the adult rat.
      A scanning electron microscope study of corrosion cast preparations.
AB  - A scanning electron microscope (SEM) study of corrosion cast preparations of the
      vessels of the spiral lamina and the spiral limbus was carried out in adult rats.
      This method confirms present knowledge of the modiolar vascularization and also
      shows its distribution in a three-dimensional model. As a result of this
      technique we have been able to demonstrate the modiolar vascular supply of the
      organ of Corti at different levels.

PMID- 3707423
TI  - Epithelial migration on the tympanic membrane and external canal.
AB  - An ink dot staining method was used to examine epithelial migration in normal
      ears, in pathologic tympanic membranes, and in external auditory canal
      cholesteatoma. The direction of the epithelial migration was found to coincide
      with that of the vessels in normal ears. This suggested that epithelial migration
      was controlled by the vessels which supply the epidermal layer of the tympanic
      membrane. In pathologic tympanic membranes and external auditory canal
      cholesteatomas, epithelial migration was disturbed to various degrees and
      depended on the local conditions. In these pathologic conditions, the tympanic
      membrane showed less vascularization. Based on our findings, we believe that a
      poor blood supply is the major etiologic factor for the epithelial migratory
      disturbances of the tympanic membrane.

PMID- 3707424
TI  - Spontaneous otoacoustic emissions--a comparison of the left versus the right ear.
AB  - Spontaneous cochlear emissions can vary on a daily basis and are subject to
      frequency shifts in the range of some thousand parts. A correlation of the
      shiftings on the right versus those on the left ear is significant in two cases,
      thus pointing to a common origin.

PMID- 3707426
TI  - Proceedings of the 1985 annual meeting of the German Society for
      Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery.

PMID- 3707425
TI  - Metronidazole uptake in the cholesteatomatous membrane in chronic otitis media.
AB  - Previous investigations have demonstrated a good uptake of metronidazole in the
      middle ear mucosa. We have now presented a trial study in which there was also a
      significant uptake of metronidazole in the cholesteatomatous membranes of
      patients with chronic otitis media.

PMID- 3707427
TI  - Observations on leukocytes from patients with severe familial
      hypercholesterolemia.
AB  - Differences in light scatter and fluorescence emission of blood leukocytes from
      patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and normal patients incubated
      with oil red O and r(NBD-Cl)-acetyl-LDL were observed by flow-through
      cytofluorometry and used to distinguish a subclass of leukocytes. The appearance
      of this subpopulation of leukocytes in FH apparently correlated with the
      excessive hypercholesterolemia. In addition, microscopic evaluation of blood
      smears suggested the formation of small cytoplasmic vacuoles in a population of
      FH monocytic cells. While these are preliminary observations on a small number of
      patients, they warrant further study. However, the use of lipophilic dyes and
      fluorescent acetyl-LDL in combination with flow cytometry may be another useful
      means for evaluation of FH.

PMID- 3707428
TI  - Hyperapobetalipoproteinemia. Plasma lipoprotein responses to oral fat load.
AB  - To better define lipid transport in patients with hyperapobetalipoproteinemia
      (HyperapoB), the response to an oral fat load was studied in six
      normotriglyceridemic patients with the disorder. Plasma triglycerides; Sf greater
      than 400, and Sf 20 to 400 triglycerides; Sf greater than 20 B100; total HDL and
      HDL subfractions (HDL2 and HDL3) were measured serially for a 7-hour period after
      an oral fat load and changes in these parameters were compared to those observed
      in six normolipidemic controls. In addition, plasma triglyceride levels and HDL2
      and HDL3 cholesterol were also determined in seven patients with Type IV
      hyperlipoproteinemia: three with normal LDL apo B levels and four with HyperapoB.
      When the two normotriglyceridemic groups were compared, the patients with
      HyperapoB had significantly higher fasting levels of SF greater than 400
      lipoproteins and higher fasting VLDL and LDL levels than the normal patients.
      After the fat load, Sf 20 to 400 triglycerides and Sf greater than 20 B100 levels
      increased in both groups. Plasma triglycerides rose to a higher level in the
      HyperapoB patients than in the normal group, but more strikingly, remained
      elevated in the HyperapoB patients, an elevation due principally to a persistant
      increase in Sf greater than 400 triglycerides. On the other hand, HDL2
      cholesterol dropped substantially in the HyperapoB patients but not in the normal
      patients. Finally, in the hypertriglyceridemic group, after the fat load, HDL2
      cholesterol levels did not change in the patients with normal LDL apo B levels
      but did decrease in those with elevated plasma LDL apo B.

PMID- 3707430
TI  - Influence of arterial damage and wall shear rate on platelet deposition. Ex vivo
      study in a swine model.
AB  - To study the influence of blood flow on platelet interaction with selected
      biological surfaces, we have developed an ex vivo perfusion chamber system. In
      the present experiments, deendothelialized pig aorta and collagen Type I bundles
      from Achilles tendon were exposed to either native or heparinized pig blood for
      periods of time ranging from 1 to 30 minutes, and for flow rates corresponding to
      wall shear rates of 106 to 3380 sec-1. On the deendothelialized vessel wall,
      platelet deposition increased with both exposure time and wall shear rate,
      reaching a maximum value between 5 and 10 minutes of perfusion. At high shear
      rates and long exposure time (over 10 minutes), platelet deposition decreased
      from maximum values, indicating that some platelets were embolized by the flow.
      Ultrastructure analysis of the specimens showed platelet activation, spreading,
      and degranulation. Collagen induced a progressive accumulation of platelets
      following a power type curve of aggregate growth with exposure time without
      reaching a saturation level, even after long perfusion times (30 minutes) and
      high wall shear rates (3380 sec-1). In conclusion, the reactivity of the exposed
      materials and the local shear rate, defined by the blood flow and the patent
      luminal cross section, regulate platelet deposition to injured vascular wall.

PMID- 3707429
TI  - Vascular injury: quantification of experimental focal endothelial denudation in
      rats using indium-111-labeled platelets.
AB  - Rat platelets were labeled with indium-111 (111In) and injected into rats whose
      aortas were subjected to endothelial denudation. A plot of 111In activity vs the
      number of missing endothelial cells showed a direct correlation between these
      parameters and it was possible to detect endothelial denudation when
      approximately 600 cells were removed. These studies also revealed that intact
      adjacent endothelium from aortas subjected to injury had detectably increased
      111In activity compared with endothelium of control, uninjured rats. This
      activity was not found if 111In-platelets were preincubated with acetylsalicylic
      acid (1.3 mM) prior to injection and subsequent denudation procedure. To test if
      111In platelet activity could be transported to sites distant from the site of
      injury, a small catheter (PE 50) was passed down the carotid artery so that it
      reached the aortic arch or inserted via a femoral artery to the iliac-aortic
      bifurcation. Significant increases in 111In activity were detected in the lower
      thoracic aorta when the catheter was introduced into the aortic arch but not when
      the catheter was introduced via the femoral artery. Morphologic evaluation of
      these sites showed no endothelial cell loss or adhering platelets. These studies
      suggest that detectable uptake of released platelet products may occur at distal
      sites of intact endothelium.

PMID- 3707431
TI  - Blood flow through vasa vasorum of coronary arteries in atherosclerotic monkeys.
AB  - Morphologic studies and postmortem arteriograms provide qualitative evidence that
      atherosclerosis induces neovascularization in coronary arteries. In this study we
      obtained the first measurements of blood flow through vasa vasorum in
      atherosclerotic coronary arteries. We measured blood flow with microspheres to
      intima media and to adventitia in normal and atherosclerotic cynomolgus monkeys.
      Blood flow to adventitia was not altered by atherosclerosis. The blood flow to
      intima media, however, was increased more than fivefold by atherosclerosis: flow
      was 3 +/- 1 in normal animals and 16 +/- 5 in atherosclerotic monkeys (p less
      than 0.05). Blood flow was threefold greater in atherosclerotic than in normal
      coronary arteries during adenosine-induced vasodilatation, which suggests that
      proliferation of new vessels, not dilatation of existing vessels, accounts for
      the increase in flow through vasa in intima media. Histologic studies indicated
      that vasa vasorum to intima media in atherosclerotic coronary arteries originate
      from adventitial vasa. We conclude that: 1) there is a large increase in blood
      flow through vasa vasorum to intima media, but not to adventitia, in
      atherosclerotic coronary arteries; and 2) increased flow is produced primarily by
      proliferation of new vessels that originate from adventitial vasa.

PMID- 3707432
TI  - Ag(c): recognition by a monoclonal antibody.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody directed against human apolipoprotein B, which was
      previously shown in family studies to detect allelic variations (J Biol Chem
      1984; 259:6423-6430), has now been identified with the Ag(c) factor. This
      identification allows the location of the Ag system on the structural gene for
      apolipoprotein B and on the short arm of human chromosome 2. The epitope
      corresponding to Ag(c) is located within the amino acid sequence common to
      apolipoproteins B-100 and B-48. Since a single molecule of apolipoprotein B-100
      is present on human LDL, individual LDL possesses either the epitope
      corresponding to Ag(c) or that corresponding to Ag(g). These studies on allelic
      variation among human apolipoprotein B species parallel similar studies in
      animals in which a relationship to atherosclerosis was found.

PMID- 3707434
TI  - Influence of age and hearing loss on the latency shifts of the auditory brainstem
      response as a result of increased stimulus rate.
AB  - Latency shifts of auditory brainstem response waves, I, III and V were studied as
      a function of increasing the stimulus repetition rate from 9 to 21, 42 and 63/s.
      There appears to be an accumulative retardation of the successive waves when
      faster click rates are administered that yield a prolongation of the interpeak
      intervals I-III and III-V. The effect on wave V and on the interpeak interval III
      V seems to intensify with age (especially over 55 years). In ears with a flat
      sensorineural hearing loss, the adaptation of waves III and V is found to be
      somewhat smaller than in normal ears at the same intensity in dB SPL.

PMID- 3707433
TI  - Increased lipid transfer activities in hyperlipidemic rabbit plasma.
AB  - Three models of hypercholesterolemia in rabbits were positively associated with
      plasma cholesteryl ester and triglyceride transfer activities. In cholesterol-fed
      rabbits, the transfer activities increased two- to three-fold when plasma
      cholesterol concentration reached about 1500 mg/dl. In hypercholesterolemia
      induced by feeding a cholesterol-free semisynthetic casein-sucrose diet, plasma
      cholesterol increased up to three-fold and the increase in cholesteryl ester and
      triglyceride transfer activities per unit of plasma cholesterol increment was
      similar to that in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic
      rabbits, in which hypercholesterolemia is induced by a genetic defect of the LDL
      receptor, had significantly higher transfer activities than normolipidemic
      rabbits. However, fasting, which also induced hypercholesterolemia, lowered
      transfer activities, whereas refeeding returned them to prefasting levels. In
      rats, hypercholesterolemia induced by a high cholesterol diet did not increase
      cholesteryl ester and triglyceride transfer activities. Although
      hypercholesterolemia in rabbits may not be the primary cause of increased lipid
      transfer activities, some mechanism related to hypercholesterolemia appears to be
      associated with increased cholesteryl ester and triglyceride transfer activities.

PMID- 3707435
TI  - Three-dimensional curves: main parameters of brainstem auditory-evoked responses
      in the normal subject.
AB  - Brainstem evoked potentials (BER) have been studied in three dimensions (3D). It
      was necessary to record simultaneously three orthogonal derivations in the three
      spatial axes. The 3D curves obtained were formed by successive uncompletely
      locked loops which correspond with the first five waves of BER. Planar segment
      could be identified in the 3D curves; planes were defined by geometrical
      parameters, following standard analytic geometry. The 3D curves appeared to be
      symmetrical after right and left stimulation, and were almost completely
      flattened around the anteroposterior axis after binaural stimulation. This
      flattening was not observed in the case of multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 3707436
TI  - Follow-up of auditory-evoked potentials and temporary threshold shift in subjects
      developing noise-induced permanent hearing loss.
AB  - The effects of auditory fatigue, using a temporary threshold shift (TTS)
      paradigm, on cochlear microphonics (CM) and on auditory brainstem-evoked
      potentials (ABEP), were studied in normal-hearing subjects during the development
      of permanent threshold shift (PTS). Behavioral threshold shifts were accompanied
      by different effects on CM and on ABEP, as PTS was gradually induced by
      occupational noise. Measures of the effect of increasing stimulus rate (ISR) on
      ABEP revealed decreased latency shifts during auditory fatigue. ABEP proved
      useful in early detection of changes in the auditory system, resulting from
      exposure to noise. In addition, this study further supports the suggestion that
      TTS acts as a peripheral attenuator of the effect of ISR on the central auditory
      pathway.

PMID- 3707437
TI  - Effects of high-pass filtering on the waveform and threshold of auditory
      brainstem responses to tone pips.
AB  - The authors answer to the comments on their paper 'Auditory Brainstem Responses
      to middle-and low-frequency tone pips' by Dr. Paul Kileny. Physical
      characteristics of the stimuli employed, waveform and latency variations using
      different high-pass filtering (50 and 200 Hz) are discussed.

PMID- 3707438
TI  - Etiology of childhood deafness with reference to the group of unknown cause.
AB  - A systematic follow-up of children diagnosed as deaf may reveal additional
      pertinent information which may be instrumental in ascertaining the cause of
      deafness. 107 deaf children were detected by a prospective study of 62 000
      children screened for deafness during 11 years. The cause of deafness could be
      determined in 63 children while in 44 no etiology was apparent. Investigation of
      the 44 children revealed a genetic origin of deafness in 12 additional children.
      Consanguinity was evident in the children whose deafness was of genetic origin.
      Identification of the cause of deafness in children contributes to prevention of
      this handicap.

PMID- 3707439
TI  - Spread of masking in normal subjects and in subjects with high-frequency hearing
      loss.
AB  - Upward spread of masking and remote masking were investigated in 4 subjects with
      closely matched high-frequency hearing losses. Masked thresholds in the presence
      of a high-frequency or a low-frequency bandpass noise were obtained using an
      adaptive-threshold procedure. 'Abnormal' upward spread of masking existed for the
      impaired subjects at some test frequencies when compared to the masking predicted
      on the basis of normal masking results and hearing-impaired quiet thresholds.
      Remote masking thresholds were usually shifted to the same absolute levels for
      normal and hearing-impaired subjects. These results demonstrate that speech
      reception in noise for listeners with high-frequency hearing loss could be
      affected by spread of masking and levels of hearing loss.

PMID- 3707440
TI  - Otoneurological findings in Friedreich's ataxia and other inherited neuropathies.
AB  - Fifteen cases of Friedreich's ataxia (FA) were examined using an otoneurological
      test battery that included tone and speech audiometry, the synthetic sentence
      identification (SSI) test, impedance audiometry, cortical auditory-evoked
      response (CAER), brainstem auditory-evoked response (ABR) and
      electronystagmography. We also obtained ABR and CAER findings in 2 cases of
      familial spastic paraplegia, in 5 cases of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and 6 in
      cases of atypical FA of uncertain classification. The results of puretone and
      impedance audiometry were normal in all cases. ABR could not be elicited in 11 FA
      patients and were abnormal at higher intensity levels in the remaining 4
      patients. In these 4 cases, however, the latencies were normal. ABR did not show
      any marked abnormalities in patients with familial spastic paraplegia or Charcot
      Marie-Tooth disease. CAERs were normal in all 28 patients. ABRs tended to be
      absent with the progression of FA. ABR thresholds were correlated with the
      Inherited Ataxias Clinical Rating Scale score, which is an index of the severity
      of the illness. ABRs contributed to the diagnosis or to excluding FA in patients
      with an atypical clinical picture. The absence of ABRs and the normal latencies
      of the waves, when evoked, agree with the pathological finding of a reduction of
      fibers in the spinal root ganglion. SSI abnormalities and vestibular findings
      agree with this hypothesis.

PMID- 3707441
TI  - Matched and self-reported loudness of tinnitus: methods and sources of error.
AB  - A consecutive series of 62 patients who reported tinnitus at the time of their
      first attendance at a neuro-otology clinic were studied. Loudness matches were
      obtained both at the frequency of the tinnitus and at 1 kHz. These matches were
      expressed in dB HL, dB SL and in units derived from individualised loudness
      functions (personal loudness units; PLUs). Self-reports of the loudness of
      tinnitus at the time of loudness matching were obtained on five different scales.
      Moderate correlations were found between self-reported loudness and some of the
      scales by which the loudness match was expressed. When subjects who had some
      difficulty with the test procedures were excluded, the correlations between PLU
      expressions of the matched loudness and certain of the self-report scales were
      found to be markedly improved. Correlations of traditional expressions of matched
      loudness with self-report improved to a limited extent. It was concluded that:
      measurement error can appreciably reduce the maximum correlation between the best
      self-report measure and loudness match measures; PLU conversions of matched
      loudness data produce the highest correlations with self-report measures of
      loudness, and explicitly labelled self-report scales (Guttman and adjectival)
      produce better correlations with loudness match values than other self-report
      scales.

PMID- 3707442
TI  - Determining abnormal behaviours: the author replies.

PMID- 3707443
TI  - Disturbed behaviour in the elderly.

PMID- 3707444
TI  - Care of the elderly. The role of the GP.

PMID- 3707445
TI  - Ageing and disease.

PMID- 3707446
TI  - Early assessment of cognitive impairment in the elderly.

PMID- 3707447
TI  - Management of dementia in the elderly.

PMID- 3707448
TI  - Antidepressant melodies.

PMID- 3707449
TI  - Panic and phobic disorders.

PMID- 3707450
TI  - Decisions, decisions in the elderly.

PMID- 3707451
TI  - Stress and coronary artery disease.

PMID- 3707452
TI  - Allergy in your baby.

PMID- 3707453
TI  - The Islamic viewpoint.

PMID- 3707454
TI  - The management of AIDS in general practice. Part 2.

PMID- 3707455
TI  - Medications used by elderly patients.

PMID- 3707456
TI  - Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics in the elderly.

PMID- 3707457
TI  - How to interpret the full blood examination.

PMID- 3707458
TI  - Cow's milk protein intolerance: diagnosis and management.

PMID- 3707459
TI  - The Anglican and Uniting Church viewpoints.

PMID- 3707460
TI  - After the final siren. Australian Rules football injuries presenting to a
      casualty department.

PMID- 3707461
TI  - Management of AIDS in general practice. Part 3.

PMID- 3707462
TI  - Netball injury.

PMID- 3707463
TI  - Rural general practice.

PMID- 3707465
TI  - Pacemakers.

PMID- 3707464
TI  - Non specific urethritis (NSU).

PMID- 3707466
TI  - Office microscopy of urine.

PMID- 3707467
TI  - The need to use animals for medical and biological research.

PMID- 3707468
TI  - The day that happened: 28 January, 1986.

PMID- 3707469
TI  - Hemodynamic response to LBNP following 2 hours HDT (-6 degrees).
AB  - Central hemodynamics have been determined during stepwise decreasing LBP in head
      down tilt (HDT) of -6 degrees. Measurements were performed on eight healthy
      volunteers using right heart catheterization. During LBNP, pressures in the right
      atrium, pulmonary artery, and pulmonary capillary (preload) decreased in parallel
      with the increase of negative pressure applied to the lower part of the body.
      Similarly, stroke volume and cardiac output decreased with increasing negative
      pressure. Heart rate moderately increased (30%) as well as total peripheral
      resistance. The left ventricular function curve was shifted downward and to the
      left during LBNP indicating hypovolemia with no evidence of decreased
      contractility. Cardiac dimensions determined by echocardiography changed in a
      similar way as those obtained by invasive measurements. There was a very close
      correlation between stroke volume determined by thermodilution and by
      echocardiography. Plasma norepinephrine and dopamine tended to increase at the
      end of LBNP. Echocardiography proved a useful and reliable approach to
      hemodynamic measurement during LBNP and is recommended for analysis of
      hemodynamic parameters during zero G and Gz simulation.

PMID- 3707470
TI  - Cardiovascular dynamics associated with tolerance to lower body negative
      pressure.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to identify cardiovascular responses
      associated with tolerance to lower body negative pressure (LBNP). In this study,
      18 men, ages 29-51 years, were categorized as high (HT) or low (LT) LBNP tolerant
      based on a graded presyncopal-limited LBNP exposure criterion of -60 mm Hg
      relative to ambient pressure. Groups were matched for physical characteristics
      and preLBNP cardiovascular measurements, with the exceptions of greater (p less
      than 0.05) end-diastolic volume and cardiac output in the HT group. During peak
      LBNP, cardiac output was similar (NS) in both groups, although the HT group
      displayed a greater heart rate (p less than 0.05). In both groups, venous return
      appeared to limit cardiac output resulting in decreased arterial pressure.
      Tolerance to LBNP did not appear solely dependent on the absolute amount of blood
      pooled in the legs since the HT group demonstrated a greater (p less than 0.05)
      peak LBNP-induced increase in midthigh-leg volume. Greater tolerance to LBNP was
      associated with a larger preLBNP cardiac output reserve and higher compensatory
      increases in heart rate and peripheral resistance.

PMID- 3707471
TI  - Plasma viscosity elevations with simulated weightlessness.
AB  - Bed rest studies which simulate weightlessness have demonstrated marked changes
      in the state of hydration of subjects as well as decrements in aerobic capacity.
      These two phenomena may be linked through increases in blood viscosity which is
      altered by a loss of free water and which, in turn, influences blood flow needed
      for aerobic muscular work. This study examines changes in the rheologic
      properties of blood which attend changes in plasma volume with bed rest in humans
      and correlates these changes with alterations in aerobic capacity. Eight healthy
      human subjects were studied on the 6th day of bed rest during two consecutive 10
      d bed rest periods separated by a 14-d recovery interval designed to simulate the
      flight-layover schedule of shuttle astronauts. Plasma viscosity was measured with
      a Wells-Brookfield viscometer, plasma volume by dye dilution, and maximal aerobic
      capacity (VO2max) by recumbent cycle ergometry. Bed rest resulted in significant
      increases in hematocrit and in total plasma protein concentration and fibrinogen
      concentration, both of which contribute to an elevation in plasma viscosity. The
      greater than 20% increase in fibrinogen concentration was much greater than could
      be explained by hemoconcentration. VO2max decreased significantly in the first
      but not the second bed rest cycle. In many individuals, a decrease in plasma
      volume and aerobic capacity was coupled with elevated plasma viscosity and
      hematocrit; however, significant correlations between these variables were
      lacking. Although significant rheologic perturbations do occur with bed rest, in
      this study, blood viscosity elevation failed to directly correlate with the
      reduction in VO2max.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3707472
TI  - Longitudinal study of cardiovascular disease in U.S. Navy pilots.
AB  - This longitudinal study examined the consequences of cardiovascular disease (CVD)
      in 145 U.S. Navy pilots who suffered a CVD incident during the 1972-79 time
      period. Results showed that one pilot died, one suffered a second acute
      myocardial infarction, and 32 pilots were hospitalized and/or retired with a
      physical disability because of CVD. The majority of subsequent CVD incidents
      occurred during a 12-month period after the initial CVD event; 35% had
      discontinued flying prior to the initial CVD incident. Percentages of pilots who
      either remained on active duty or were separated for nonmedical reasons ranged
      from 64.3% for pilots in the chronic ischemic heart disease sample to 97.6% for
      the symptomatic heart disease group. Thus, the majority of pilots were returned
      to duty either after the initial CVD incident or subsequent to the
      rehospitalization or physical evaluation board. In general, these findings
      reflected the high level of physical and mental well-being of the U.S. Navy pilot
      population.

PMID- 3707474
TI  - Bioimpedance measurement with respect to pulsatile pulmonary blood flow.
AB  - We used four-electrode electrical impedance plethysmography (IPG) to estimate
      regional pulmonary perfusion at three lung volumes, RV, FRC, and TLC. To define
      the region, the upright lung was divided into four equal sampling areas dorsally
      along the paravertebral space. The Kubicek formula was used to calculate
      pulmonary perfusion. Regional base resistance (Ro) decreased from the top to
      about 3/4 down the lung and then leveled off. The regional perfusion (Qz) showed
      an increase from the apex to about 3/4 down the lung and thereafter decreased
      toward the base, except at TLC. The regional distribution of the electrical
      derivative of resistance (dR/dt) resembled that of Qz because there was no
      statistically significant difference in ventricular ejection time or heart rate
      among studies. The value of the arithmetic sum of regional Ro was significantly
      larger than that of Ro for the total sampling field while the reverse was true
      for Qz. These discrepancies can be explained on the basis of the lead field
      theory applied to IPG. The regional perfusion gradient determined by IPG
      represents the pulsatile perfusion gradient in vivo because the outputs from the
      impedance analyzer are intimately linked to the pulse-synchronous pulsatile
      nature of pulmonary blood flow. Safe, simple, and noninvasive IPG can be used to
      study regional pulmonary perfusion in clinical situations, high altitude, or
      unusual environments.

PMID- 3707473
TI  - Head movements in non-terrestrial force environments elicit motion sickness:
      implications for the etiology of space motion sickness.
AB  - Space motion sickness has become an operational concern in manned space flight.
      Considerable evidence exists that head movements in free fall, especially pitch
      movements, are provocative until adaptation occurs (3,4,8,9,11,17,18,22,26). The
      question arises whether space motion sickness is an unique nosological entity or
      is due to body movements in a nonterrestrial force environment, a force
      environment for which the body's dynamic sensory-motor adaptions to 1 G are no
      longer appropriate (14,16,18-21). To evaluate this issue, we had subjects make
      controlled head movements during exposure to high gravitoinertial force levels,
      1.8-2.0 G, in parabolic flight maneuvers. Head movements in pitch with eyes open
      were most evocative of motion sickness, yaw movements with eyes covered were
      least provocative. This pattern is identical to that which occurs when the same
      types of head movements are made in the free fall phase of parabolic maneuvers
      (17,18). It appears that space motion sickness is the consequence of prolonged
      exposure to a non-terrestrial force background rather than of exposure to free
      fall per se.

PMID- 3707475
TI  - Central serous retinopathy (choroidopathy) in pilots.
AB  - The clinical charts of pilots in the Israeli Airforce were reviewed
      retrospectively for evidence of central serous retinopathy (CSR). There were 14
      pilots with documented CSR identified, with an incidence of 1.3 per 1000 per
      year. Of 6 pilots who had recurrent attacks, 5 had a decrease of visual acuity
      during the initial attack to at least 20/30 in the affected eye. On the other
      hand, in those with visual acuity no worse than 20/25, only 1 of 7 had recurrent
      attacks (p less than 0.05). We conclude that CSR is a common condition in pilots,
      and that visual acuity during the initial attack can predict those who will have
      recurrent disease.

PMID- 3707476
TI  - Airport emergency medical services.
AB  - To obtain improved emergency medical services at the Minneapolis/St. Paul
      International Airport, a combination of utilization of existing fire, police, and
      medical services and improved technology was adopted. Exemplified by the use of
      EMT and an automatic cardiac defibrillator/pacer (Heart Aide), this system
      resulted in increased survival for victims of cardiac arrest at the Twin Cities
      airport. Furthermore, this system allowed for improved triage efficiency and
      breadth of services that complemented the already existing aircraft crash
      disaster program.

PMID- 3707477
TI  - The measurement of self-reported pilot performance.
AB  - Within the context of a larger study on psychosocial stress, it was desirable to
      measure pilot performance. A variety of reasons dictated reliance upon self
      reported performance. Since no suitable alternative was available, a measure of
      self-reported performance was devised by the authors. It is a 15-item inventory
      that measures performance as the summation of the 15 items weighted for their
      contribution to performance. The reported is not just for its intrinsic interest
      but to highlight the methods of construction, which could be applied to any
      similar vehicle.

PMID- 3707478
TI  - From the aerospace medicine residents' teaching file. Case #12. Type I
      decompression sickness and acute awareness of physiologic blind spot.

PMID- 3707479
TI  - Symposium on multivariate behavioral genetics and development. May 2-4, 1985.

PMID- 3707480
TI  - Multivariate path analysis of specific cognitive abilities in the Colorado
      Adoption Project.

PMID- 3707481
TI  - Estimating genetic correlations among discontinuous phenotypes: an analysis of
      criminal convictions and psychiatric-hospital diagnoses in Danish adoptees.

PMID- 3707482
TI  - A theory of developmental change in quantitative phenotypes applied to cognitive
      development.

PMID- 3707483
TI  - Latent variable growth within behavior genetic models.

PMID- 3707484
TI  - Predicting relationships between psychological constructs and genetic characters:
      an analysis of changing genetic influences on activity in mice.

PMID- 3707485
TI  - Molecular and genetic analyses of a multivariate system specifying behavior and
      life span.

PMID- 3707486
TI  - Multivariate analysis and development behavioral genetics: developmental change
      as well as continuity.

PMID- 3707487
TI  - Continuity and change in cognitive ability profile.

PMID- 3707488
TI  - Heredity, environment, and the Thurstone Temperament Schedule.

PMID- 3707489
TI  - The analysis of schizophrenia family data.

PMID- 3707490
TI  - Multivariate path analysis of cognitive ability measures in reading-disabled and
      control nuclear families and twins.

PMID- 3707491
TI  - Genetic analysis in mammals: past, present, and future.

PMID- 3707492
TI  - Identification of sex in mammalian embryos.

PMID- 3707493
TI  - Cryobiology: preservation of mammalian embryos.
AB  - The preservation of mammalian embryos has become a routine procedure. Thousands
      of live offspring have been produced from frozen-thawed embryos transferred into
      recipient foster mothers. Species whose embryos have been successfully preserved
      include mouse, rat, rabbit, sheep, goat, cattle, horse, antelope, baboon, and
      human. During the past few years, novel procedures have been introduced that
      permit embryos to be frozen and thawed rapidly, and to be transferred into
      recipients under field conditions almost immediately upon thawing. Thus, the
      transfer of frozen-thawed embryos of domestic animals is becoming almost as
      efficient as is artificial insemination using frozen-thawed semen. Because of
      both the inherent fundamental interest and the practical applications of embryo
      freezing, a substantial understanding of the mechanisms responsible for freezing
      damage of embryos has been achieved. To survive freezing, embryos must be exposed
      to protective compounds; to function after thawing, embryos must be washed free
      of these compounds. Based on fundamental physiology, efficient methods to
      accomplish such washing have been developed. Furthermore, to survive freezing,
      embryos must be cooled under conditions in which intracellular ice does not form.
      This can be accomplished either by pretreating the embryo or by cooling it in
      such a way as to cause it to dehydrate during freezing. Maximum survival of
      embryos appears to be achieved when intracellular water does not crystallize
      during cooling or during warming. As a result of the growing efficiency of embryo
      preservation, this method is being applied to a variety of practical situations.
      For example, large banks of frozen embryos of laboratory animals are being
      established to preserve valuable research resources. The freezing of cattle
      embryos is being used with increasing frequency as an adjunct to commercial
      embryo transfer. Preservation of endangered species by embryo preservation is
      beginning. And finally, the preservation of human embryos is finding application
      in the field of in vitro fertilization.

PMID- 3707494
TI  - Characteristics of future agricultural animals.

PMID- 3707495
TI  - Mapping genes in domesticated animals.
AB  - Gene maps are constructed by the synthesis of data obtained by different methods
      which include family analyses, somatic cell hybridization, direct mapping of DNA
      segments by Southern blot analysis, and in situ hybridization to fixed metaphase
      chromosomes. Gene mapping has already contributed significantly to a better
      understanding of the mammalian genome, in particular the human genome, but the
      gene maps of economically important domestic species are not well-characterized.
      The application of somatic cell genetics and recombinant DNA methodologies now
      allows rapid progress to be made in the construction of detailed gene maps for
      domestic animals. Such gene maps will serve as tools for selection in applied
      animal breeding and for the analysis of polygenic traits.

PMID- 3707496
TI  - Booroola (F) gene: major gene affecting ovine ovarian function.

PMID- 3707497
TI  - [Perdural lumbar intervertebral disk sequestration].

PMID- 3707498
TI  - [Effect of varisating, detorquing intertrochanteric osteotomy (VDO) on the
      development of the dysplastic acetabulum].

PMID- 3707499
TI  - [Complications with the cup endoprosthesis of the hip joint].

PMID- 3707500
TI  - [Rehabilitative significance of total endoprosthesisplasties of the lower
      extremities in chronic polyarthritis].

PMID- 3707501
TI  - [Signs of risk in prosthesis shaft fractures].

PMID- 3707502
TI  - [Disorders and therapy of arthromuscular biomechanics (determination of status
      and outlook)].

PMID- 3707503
TI  - [Mechanics of bone growth and formation].

PMID- 3707504
TI  - [Tendon tunnel syndrome of the shoulder joint].

PMID- 3707505
TI  - [Occurrence of adenomatosis complexes in swine].

PMID- 3707507
TI  - [Significance of chemotactic activity and leukocyte infiltration of placental
      tissue for the expulsion of the fetal membranes in cattle].

PMID- 3707506
TI  - [Contribution to the diagnosis and epidemiology of infectious anemia (CAA) in
      broilers].

PMID- 3707508
TI  - Brain growth.

PMID- 3707509
TI  - Brain growth in man.
AB  - 25 male brains meeting the criteria for normativity and available in serial
      sections suitable for morphometric studies were selected from the Yakovlev
      Collection. Growth parameters were calculated based on the generalized logistic
      function. The ideal weight is 1,313 g (SD = 41), with a half value time of 387
      (SD = 26) ontogenetic days and a growth factor of 4.0 (SD = 0.5). Comparison of
      growth parameters derived from a sample of 161 normative male brains collected at
      the Department of Neuroanatomy of the Medical School in Hannover revealed an
      ideal weight of 1,353 g (SD = 14), a half value time of 401 (SD = 10) ontogenetic
      days and a growth factor of 4.0 (SD = 0.2). The minor discrepancies in the
      corresponding parameters reflect the small sample size and a considerable lack of
      developmental data of the three first postnatal decades in the material derived
      from the Yakovlev Collection. It was, therefore, deemed necessary to analyze
      these data in combination with data derived from other sources of human material.
      A comparison of human with animal growth parameters derived from mice, cats and
      tree shrews reveals differences in brain development. Histological shrinkage of
      the 25 male brains of the Yakovlev Collection related to fixation, embedding, and
      staining was assessed. Fetal brains shrank by about 75%, and adult brains by
      about 50%. The degree of shrinkage was inversely proportional to the age of the
      brain and was also characterized by individual variations of up to 20%.
      Therefore, shrinkage had to be corrected on an individual basis in order to
      determine the true growth of brain regions as reflected by morphometric analysis
      of histological serial sections.

PMID- 3707510
TI  - Quantitative studies in ageing Chbb:THOM (Wistar) rats. II. Neuron numbers in
      lobules I, VIb + c and X.
AB  - In 6- to 34-month-old Chbb:THOM (Wistar) rats, Purkinje, stellate/basket, granule
      and large Golgi cells exhibited neither sex-specific differences nor an age
      related decrease in their total number. Cell density of granule cells decreased
      with advancing age and is regarded as an unreliable parameter for the estimation
      of total cell number unless individual shrinkage factors, protracted growth of
      the granular layer, and regional differences are taken into account as well.
      Regional differences were found in the number of granule, stellate/basket and
      large Golgi cells in relation to Purkinje cells. Differences in the physiology of
      local cerebellar circuits are expected from these numerical differences.

PMID- 3707512
TI  - Volumetric development of the fetal telencephalon, cerebral cortex, diencephalon,
      and rhombencephalon including the cerebellum in man.
AB  - Fresh volumes of the human telencephalon, cerebral cortex, diencephalon, and of
      the rhombencephalon including cerebellum were determined in a series of 10 normal
      specimens ranging in age from 63 to 176 days after conception. The volumetric
      growth of these parts shows a nonlinear dependence on age with a smaller increase
      during the 3d ontogenetic month and a stronger increase from the 4th month on.
      These data were analyzed together with previous measurements of 28 brains taken
      from the Yakovlev Collection in Washington, D.C., and the Vogt Collection in
      Dusseldorf. These brains range in age from 137 to 22,900 days after conception.
      These samples were reproduced in a model using sigmoid logistic functions. The
      entire brain and all analyzed parts show a monotonous growth. The individual
      regions develop heterochronously. The diencephalon is the first part to reach its
      ideal volume, with a main growth spurt between 100 and 420 days after conception.
      The rhombencephalon including the cerebellum is the last, with its main growth
      spurt between 240 and 650 days after conception. The growth of the entire brain
      is determined to a great extent by that of the telencephalon, having a main
      growth spurt between 175 and 580 days after conception. The prenatal growth is
      described separately with the asymmetric sigmoid function according to Gompertz.
      This yields a better approximation of the data collected from the early prenatal
      period.

PMID- 3707511
TI  - Growth of the hippocampal formation in man.
AB  - The fresh volumes of the cortical area of the hippocampal formation were
      determined in 29 male, normative human brains ranging in age from 137 to 36,221
      ontogenetic days inclusive of mid-gestation to the 99th postnatal year. The data
      were fitted by the 3-, 4-, and 5-parametric logistic functions. The ideal value
      P1 of the left hippocampal formation is 3 ml (SD = 0.1), the half-value time is
      306 (SD = 32) ontogenetic days and the growth factor is 2.5 (SD = 0.4). The
      maximal daily growth rate of 8 mm3 occurs at approximately the half value time.
      According to the theory of Dobbing and Sands [1979], this period of rapid growth
      of the hippocampal formation with other brain regions suggests the existence of
      heterochronous development.

PMID- 3707513
TI  - Morphological and morphometric studies of cerebellar fissuration and myelination
      in mice with trisomy 19.
AB  - The fissuration and myelination in cerebella of trisomy 19 mice and of
      chromosomally balanced control animals on postnatal days (PD) 2, 5, 10, 12, and
      15 were analyzed morphologically and morphometrically. In trisomy 19 mice, an
      increasing fissuration lag with a fissuration pattern and sequence identical to
      those of the control animals was found. The nuclear volume density of the
      trisomic glia cell in the neocerebellar commissure also developed like that of
      control mice, with an increase shortly before and parallel to the beginning of
      myelination and with a decrease in its further course. The trisomic axons and
      myelin sheaths were normally structured but axonal growth and myelination in the
      neocerebellar commissure were retarded. The quantitative relations of the assumed
      axon/glia interactions were similar to those of the control animals. The
      fissuration and myelination in the cerebellum of trisomy 19 mice did not seem to
      be pathologically changed but seemed to be differently retarded. On PD 15, a
      myelination lag of less than 5 days but a fissuration lag of nearly 10 days was
      found. This observation and the assumption of a differently retarded growth of
      the cerebellar cortex compared with cerebellar subcortical regions lead to the
      suggestion that the trisomy might result in a progressively asynchronous and
      disproportional development of different CNS structures.

PMID- 3707515
TI  - Cucurbitacin delta 23-reductase from the fruit of Cucurbita maxima var. Green
      Hubbard. Physicochemical and fluorescence properties and enzyme-ligand
      interactions.
AB  - Cucurbitacin delta 23-reductase from Cucurbita maxima var. Green Hubbard fruit
      displays an apparent Mr of 32,000, a Stokes radius of 263 nm and a diffusion
      coefficient of 8.93 X 10(-7) cm2 X s-1. The enzyme appears to possess a
      homogeneous dimeric quaternary structure with a subunit Mr of 15,000. Two
      tryptophan and fourteen tyrosine residues per dimer were found. Emission spectral
      properties of the enzyme and fluorescence quenching by iodide indicate the
      tryptophan residues to be buried within the protein molecule. In the pH range 5
      7, where no conformational changes were detected, protonation of a sterically
      related ionizable group with a pK of approx. 6.0 markedly influenced the
      fluorescence of the tryptophan residues. Protein fluorescence quenching was
      employed to determine the dissociation constants for binding of NADPH (Kd 17
      microM), NADP+ (Kd 30 microM) and elaterinide (Kd 227 microM). Fluorescence
      energy transfer between the tryptophan residues and enzyme-bound NADPH was
      observed.

PMID- 3707514
TI  - Production of platelet thromboxane A2 inactivates purified human platelet
      thromboxane synthase.
AB  - Human platelet thromboxane synthase was partially purified by DEAE-cellulose,
      Affi-Gel Blue, and Sephacryl S-300 chromatography to a specific activity of 259
      nmol of thromboxane B2/min per mg. Thromboxane synthase retained 75-90% of its
      enzymic activity when bound to phenyl-Sepharose. The immobilized enzyme was
      inactivated at pH 3.0 and inhibited by 1-benzylimidazole and U-63,557A. The
      ability of the enzyme to produce thromboxane A2 from prostaglandin H2 was
      dramatically reduced by multiple additions of prostaglandin H2. Our data suggest
      that the production of thromboxane A2 by the enzyme is self-limiting and that the
      enzyme is inactivated during the reaction.

PMID- 3707516
TI  - Inactivation of macromolecules by ionizing radiation. Deterministic single-hit or
      stochastic multievent process?
AB  - A stochastic theory concerning the radiation inactivation of macromolecules such
      as enzymes or receptors is elaborated. In contrast with the single-hit theory,
      which assumes a complete inactivation of the target as the result of one hit, the
      stochastic theory postulates that the degree of inactivation by one hit is a
      random variable. This distinguishing feature has been considered in order to give
      a possible interpretation to the observed effect of temperature on the radiation
      sensitivity of enzymes. As a consequence of the progressive inactivation during
      irradiation, the binding affinity of a ligand for the macromolecule is impaired
      by irradiation. Although this property might discriminate the stochastic theory
      from the classical single-hit theory on the basis of a statistical analysis of
      experimentally obtained data, it is shown that the commonly obtained degree of
      inaccuracy may render the statistical test non-conclusive.

PMID- 3707517
TI  - Purification and kinetic properties of ox brain histamine N-methyltransferase.
AB  - Histamine N-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.8) was purified 1100-fold from ox brain.
      The native enzyme has an Mr of 34800 +/- 2400 as measured by gel filtration on
      Sephadex G-100. The enzyme is highly specific for histamine. It does not
      methylate noradrenaline, adrenaline, DL-3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid, 3,4
      dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3-hydroxytyramine or imidazole-4-acetic acid. Unlike
      the enzyme from rat and mouse brain, ox brain histamine N-methyltransferase did
      not exhibit substrate inhibition by histamine. Initial rate and product
      inhibition studies were consistent with an ordered steady-state mechanism with S
      adenosylmethionine being the first substrate to bind to the enzyme and N
      methylhistamine being the first product to dissociate.

PMID- 3707518
TI  - Immunoprecipitation of the low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) receptor and its
      precursor from human monocyte-derived macrophages.
AB  - Synthesis of the low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) receptor protein by cultured human
      monocyte-derived macrophages was demonstrated by immunoprecipitation of
      [35S]methionine-labelled cell extracts with a monoclonal antibody to the bovine
      adrenal LDL receptor. Although the antibody does not bind to or inhibit binding
      of 125I-LDL to the LDL receptor on intact fibroblasts, it specifically binds to a
      protein in extracts of human skin fibroblasts, of Mr approx. 130,000 under non
      reducing conditions, that is able to bind LDL. In monocyte-derived macrophages,
      as in fibroblasts, the receptor is synthesized as a low-Mr precursor that is
      converted into the mature protein. The half-life of the precursor in human
      macrophages is approx. 44 min. In cells from two homozygous familial
      hypercholesterolaemic subjects, only the precursor form of the receptor is
      synthesized. Detection of abnormalities of LDL-receptor synthesis in human
      mononuclear cells may be a useful aid in diagnosis of familial
      hypercholesterolaemia that is simpler and quicker than methods requiring growth
      of cultured skin fibroblasts.

PMID- 3707519
TI  - Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by moniliformin.
AB  - The mechanism for the inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from bovine
      heart by moniliformin was investigated. Thiamin pyrophosphate proved to be
      necessary for the inhibitory action of moniliformin. The inhibition reaction was
      shown to be time-dependent and to follow first-order and saturation kinetics.
      Pyruvate protected the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex against moniliformin
      inactivation. Extensive dialysis of the moniliformin-inactivated complex only
      partially reversed inactivation. Moniliformin seems to act by inhibition of the
      pyruvate dehydrogenase component of the enzyme complex and not by acting on the
      dihydrolipoamide transacetylase or dehydrogenase components, as shown by
      monitoring the effect of moniliformin on each component individually. On the
      basis of these results, a suicide inactivator mechanism for moniliformin on
      pyruvate dehydrogenase is proposed.

PMID- 3707520
TI  - High-Mr glycoprotein profiles in human milk serum and fat-globule membrane.
AB  - Gradient-polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of human milk serum separated three
      high-Mr glycoprotein bands. The properties of the components corresponding to the
      three bands (tentatively termed 'Components C, B and A' in their order of
      migration) were compared by staining with four monoclonal antibodies and lectins.
      Components B and C both reacted with the four antibodies, but Component A did
      not. Components B and C were stained with peanut (Arachis hypogaea) agglutinin
      (PNA) and wheat (Triticum)-germ agglutinin (WGA), Component A being stained with
      soya-bean (Glycine max) agglutinin as well as PNA and WGA. These results suggest
      that Components B and C were related molecules, whereas Component A was markedly
      different from them. The reactivities of Components B and C were the same as
      those of PAS-0, a high-Mr periodate/Schiff (PAS)-positive glycoprotein previously
      isolated from human milk fat-globule membrane (MFGM). Component C, whose
      electrophoretic mobility was the same as PAS-0, could have been a soluble form of
      PAS-0. A high-Mr glycoprotein having the same properties as Component A was also
      observed in MFGM. The amino acid composition of the isolated Component A was
      significantly different from that of Component C and PAS-0, high threonine and
      serine contents being characteristic of Component A. The carbohydrate content of
      Component A was 65-80%, and was much higher than that of Component C and PAS-0.
      Fucose, galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine and sialic acid
      were each detected as constituent sugars of Component A. Component A represents,
      therefore, a new high-Mr glycoprotein species in human milk serum and MFGM. Since
      these glycoproteins were high-Mr mucin-like glycoproteins, the names 'HM
      glycoprotein-A' and 'HM glycoprotein-C' were proposed for Component A and
      Component C (PAS-O) respectively.

PMID- 3707521
TI  - Protein conformation of potato (Solanum tuberosum) lectin determined by circular
      dichroism.
AB  - The structure of potato (Solanum tuberosum) lectin, which is a hydroxyproline
      rich glycoprotein, has been investigated by circular dichroism. The spectra of
      the native lectin, and of the oxidized, reduced and carboxymethylated and
      deglycosylated derivatives were examined, as was a hydroxyproline-rich
      glycopeptide and its deglycosylated derivative. It is concluded that the lectin
      contains about 35% polyproline II conformation, 34% type II beta-turn and 31%
      irregular conformation. No indications were found for the presence of alpha-helix
      or beta-sheet conformations. The polyproline II conformation is heat-stable, but
      is markedly destabilized by deglycosylation. The type II beta-turn is
      destabilized by cleavage of disulphide bonds.

PMID- 3707522
TI  - Evidence for unmasking of rat brown-adipose-tissue mitochondrial GDP-binding
      sites in response to acute cold exposure. Effects of washing with albumin on GDP
      binding.
AB  - Rats, previously acclimated to 29 degrees C, were moved into the cold (4 degrees
      C) for 2 h. Scatchard analysis of GDP binding to the brown-adipose-tissue
      mitochondria of these animals showed a 2.3-fold increase in the number of high
      affinity sites and a 1.5-fold increase in the number of low-affinity sites
      compared with binding in animals maintained at 29 degrees C. Immunochemical
      determination showed no increase in the amount of mitochondrial uncoupling
      protein during this period. This strongly suggests an unmasking of existing GDP
      binding sites before a detectable increase in synthesis of uncoupling protein can
      occur. Washing with albumin increased the number of GDP-binding sites of brown
      adipose-tissue mitochondria from both warm-housed and cold-exposed animals to the
      same extent. This indicates that the effects of washing with albumin and cold
      exposure are independent and additive.

PMID- 3707523
TI  - UDP-glucosamine as a substrate for dolichyl monophosphate glucosamine synthesis.
AB  - The sugar nucleotide analogue UDP-glucosamine was found to function as a sugar
      donor in microsomal preparations of both chick-embryo cells and rat liver,
      yielding dolichyl monophosphate glucosamine (Dol-P-GlcN). This was characterized
      by t.l.c. and retention by DEAE-cellulose. Glucosamine was the only water-soluble
      product released on mild acid hydrolysis. Dol-P-GlcN did not serve as substrate
      by transferring its glucosamine moiety to dolichol-linked oligosaccharide.
      Competition experiments between UDP-[3H]glucose and UDP-glucosamine showed Dol-P
      [3H]glucose synthesis to be depressed by 56 or 73% in microsomes from chick
      embryo cells and rat liver respectively. The concentrations of the UDP-sugars in
      this experiment were comparable with those occurring in galactosamine
      metabolizing liver. These findings suggest that Dol-P-GlcN, formed as a
      metabolite of D-galactosamine, may interfere with Dol-P-dependent reactions.

PMID- 3707524
TI  - A novel prenyltransferase from Paracoccus denitrificans.
AB  - A new polyprenyltransferase catalysing the formation of Z-double bonds was found
      and partially purified from extracts of Paracoccus denitrificans. The enzyme
      catalysed a consecutive condensation of isopentenyl diphosphate with EE-farnesyl
      diphosphate as a primer to produce EE-farnesyl-all-Z-hexaprenyl diphosphate (ZE
      mixed nonaprenyl diphosphate) as the final product. Not only EE-farnesyl
      diphosphate but also neryl diphosphate, ZE-farnesyl diphosphate, ZEE
      geranylgeranyl diphosphate and ZZEE-pentaprenyl diphosphate were all accepted as
      substrates. This polyprenyltransferase required detergent such as Triton X-100
      for its catalytic activity. The formation of ZE-mixed undecaprenyl diphosphate,
      which is well known as the precursor of the bacterial sugar-carrier lipid, was
      not detected in extracts of this bacterium.

PMID- 3707525
TI  - Use of immuno-blot techniques to discriminate between the glutathione S
      transferase Yf, Yk, Ya, Yn/Yb and Yc subunits and to study their distribution in
      extrahepatic tissues. Evidence for three immunochemically distinct groups of
      transferase in the rat.
AB  - The glutathione S-transferases are dimeric enzymes whose subunits can be defined
      by their mobility during sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel
      electrophoresis as Yf (Mr 24,500), Yk (Mr 25,000), Ya (Mr 25,500), Yn (Mr
      26,500), Yb1 (Mr 27,000), Yb2 (Mr 27,000) and Yc (Mr 28,500) [Hayes (1986)
      Biochem. J. 233, 789-798]. Antisera were raised against each of these subunits
      and their specificities assessed by immuno-blotting. The transferases in
      extrahepatic tissues were purified by using, sequentially, S-hexylglutathione and
      glutathione affinity chromatography. Immune-blotting was employed to identify
      individual transferase polypeptides in the enzyme pools from various organs. The
      immuno-blots showed marked tissue-specific expression of transferase subunits. In
      contrast with other subunits, the Yk subunit showed poor affinity for S
      hexylglutathione-Sepharose 6B in all tissues examined, and subsequent use of
      glutathione and glutathione affinity chromatography. Immuno-blotting was employed
      to identify a new cytosolic polypeptide, or polypeptides, immunochemically
      related to the Yk subunit but with an electrophoretic mobility similar to that of
      the Yc subunit; high concentrations of the new polypeptide(s) are present in
      colon, an organ that lacks Yc.

PMID- 3707526
TI  - Purification and physical characterization of glutathione S-transferase K.
      Differential use of S-hexylglutathione and glutathione affinity matrices to
      isolate a novel glutathione S-transferase from rat liver.
AB  - A novel hepatic enzyme, glutathione S-transferase K, is described that, unlike
      previously characterized transferases, possesses little affinity for S
      hexylglutathione-Sepharose 6B but can be isolated because it binds to a
      glutathione affinity matrix. A purification scheme for this new enzyme was
      devised, with the use of DEAE-cellulose, S-hexylglutathione-Sepharose 6B,
      glutathione-Sepharose 6B and hydroxyapatite chromatography. The final
      hydroxyapatite step results in the elution of three chromatographically
      interconvertible forms, K1, K2 and K3. The purified protein has an isoelectric
      point of 6.1 and comprises subunits that are designated Yk (Mr 25,000); during
      sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, it migrates
      marginally faster than the Ya subunit but slower than the pulmonary Yf monomer
      (Mr 24,500). Transferase K displays catalytic, immunochemical and physical
      properties that are distinct from those of other liver transferases. Tryptic
      peptide maps suggest that transferase K is a homodimer, or comprises closely
      homologous subunits. The tryptic fingerprints also demonstrate that, although
      transferase K is structurally separate from previously described hepatic forms, a
      limited sequence homology exists between the Yk, Ya and Yc polypeptides. These
      structural data are in accord with the immunochemical results presented in the
      accompanying paper [Hayes & Mantle (1986) Biochem. J. 233, 779-788].

PMID- 3707527
TI  - Unusual ultrastructure of complement-component-C4b-binding protein of human
      complement by synchrotron X-ray scattering and hydrodynamic analysis.
AB  - Solution X-ray-scattering experiments with the use of synchrotron radiation on
      the human complement-component-C4b-binding protein showed that its RG is 13 nm
      and that its Mr is 550,000. From the known primary amino acid sequence and
      estimated carbohydrate content, C4b-binding protein is inferred to have a total
      of 7.4 +/- 1 subunits. Heptameric computer models for C4b-binding protein were
      based on the X-ray-scattering curve to a resolution of 6.4 nm, and literature
      values for sedimentation coefficients and electron-microscopy images. The
      macromolecule was represented by a bundle of seven arms held together at the C
      terminal end and spaced out by a base containing 23% of C4b-binding protein by
      volume. If the overall length of each arm is assumed to be 33 nm as seen in
      electron microscopy, the solution data indicate an average arm-axis angle of 5-10
      degrees. The seven arms of C4b-binding protein are found to be close together, in
      distinction to the splayed-out images seen in electron micrographs.

PMID- 3707528
TI  - Four classes of cell-associated proteoglycans in suspension cultures of articular
      cartilage chondrocytes.
AB  - The characteristics of cell-associated proteoglycans were studied and compared
      with those from the medium in suspension cultures of calf articular-cartilage
      chondrocytes. By including hyaluronic acid or proteoglycan in the medium during
      [35S]sulphate labelling the proportion of cell-surface-associated proteoglycans
      could be decreased from 34% to about 15% of all incorporated label. A pulse-chase
      experiment indicated that this decrease was probably due to blocking of the
      reassociation with the cells of proteoglycans exported to the medium. Three peaks
      of [35S]sulphate-labelled proteoglycans from cell extracts and two from the
      medium were isolated by gel chromatography on Sephacryl S-500. These were
      characterized by agarose/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, by
      SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of core proteins, by glycosaminoglycan
      composition and chain size as well as by distribution of glycosaminoglycans in
      proteolytic fragments. The results showed that associated with the cells were (a)
      large proteoglycans, typical for cartilage, apparently bound to hyaluronic acid
      at the cell surface, (b) an intermediate-size proteoglycan with chondroitin
      sulphate side chains (this proteoglycan, which had a large core protein, was only
      found associated with the cells and is apparently not related to the large
      proteoglycans), (c) a small proteoglycan with dermatan sulphate side chains with
      a low degree of epimerization, and (d) a somewhat smaller proteoglycan containing
      heparan sulphate side chains. The medium contained a large aggregating
      proteoglycan of similar nature to the large cell-associated proteoglycan and
      small proteoglycans with dermatan sulphate side chains with a higher degree of
      epimerization than those of the cells, i.e. containing some 20% iduronic acid.

PMID- 3707529
TI  - Detection of disulphide bonds and localization of interchain linkages in the
      third (C3) and the fourth (C4) components of human complement.
AB  - Disulphide bonds contribute significantly to the maintenance of
      structural/functional integrity of many proteins. Therefore it was of interest to
      study the distribution and the effect of disulphides on conformation of
      complement components C3 and C4. These proteins are precursors of several
      fragments with various binding sites and distinct physiological functions. The
      constituents of C3c (beta, alpha 27, alpha 43) and those of C4c (beta, alpha 27,
      alpha 16, gamma) were investigated, since other fragments of C3 or C4 do not
      participate in interchain linkages. Inter-and intra-chain disulphide bonds in C3c
      and C4c were localized by using a modification of conventional SDS (sodium
      dodecyl sulphate)/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis such that the change in
      mobility of disulphide-bond-containing proteins can be detected throughout the
      transition from a non-reduced to a fully reduced state. Several forms of the
      alpha 43 fragment from C3, and of the gamma-chain of C4, with different
      mobilities can exist, depending on the number of intra-chain disulphide bonds
      reduced. The intermediates (heterodimers) generated by a partial reduction of C3c
      or C4c were characterized by two-dimensional SDS/polyacrylamide-gel
      electrophoresis performed in the absence, then in the presence, of beta
      mercaptoethanol. The inter-chain linkages in C3c were determined to be beta-alpha
      27 and alpha 27- alpha 43, thus indicating the presence of only one interchain
      bond in C3. The two interchain bonds in C4c are beta-alpha 27 and alpha 16-gamma.
      The third interchain bond in C4 (alpha 27-gamma, tentative) remains to be
      determined.

PMID- 3707530
TI  - The effect of feedback on pathway transient response.
AB  - The effect of variation of the rate of input of material on the transient
      behaviour of metabolic pathways is examined. This reveals the existence of three
      transient times which make up the overall pathway transient. Two of these have
      been described previously and represent the times required for the accumulation
      of the free intermediate pool and the pool of enzyme-bound intermediate. They are
      state functions and as such are independent of the way in which the steady state
      was reached. The third is attributable to the variation in the rate of input of
      material to the pathway. It is dependent on three further factors. These are (a)
      the time required for the initial enzyme to reach its own steady state, (b)
      substrate depletion and (c) feedback. The description of the transient is:
      (Formula: see text) where V0 represents the rate of input and Vss represents the
      steady-state flux. The transient time associated with the transition between
      steady-states is shown to be a simple function of the transients for the
      establishment of each steady state from rest and may be expressed as: tau = tau b
      Va/Vb . tau a where Va and Vb refer to the fluxes in the two steady states and
      tau a and tau b represent the transient times for the establishment of each of
      the steady-states from rest. The total pathway transient may now be completely
      defined as: (formula: see text) where summation over all intermediates, I, is
      implied. The significance of this to the analysis of pathway behaviour is
      discussed with more general examples of pathway transient analysis.

PMID- 3707531
TI  - The effects of Mg2+ on certain steps in the mechanisms of the dehydrogenase and
      esterase reactions catalysed by sheep liver aldehyde dehydrogenase. Support for
      the view that dehydrogenase and esterase activities occur at the same site on the
      enzyme.
AB  - Stopped-flow experiments in spectrophotometric and fluorescence modes reveal
      different aspects of the aldehyde dehydrogenase mechanism. Spectrophotometric
      experiments show a rapid burst of NADH production whose course is not affected by
      Mg2+. The slower burst seen in the fluorescence mode is markedly accelerated by
      Mg2+. It is argued that the fluorescence burst accompanies acyl-enzyme hydrolysis
      and, therefore, that Mg2+ increases the rate of this process. Experiments on the
      hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl propionate indicate that acyl-enzyme hydrolysis is
      indeed accelerated by Mg2+ and a combination of Mg2+ and NADH. Vmax. values for p
      nitrophenyl propionate hydrolysis in the presence of NADH and NADH and Mg2+ agree
      closely with the specific rates of acyl hydrolysis from the E . NADH . acyl and E
      . NADH . acyl . Mg2+ complexes seen in the dehydrogenase reaction with
      propionaldehyde. These observations support the view that esterase and
      dehydrogenase activities occur at the same site on the enzyme. Other evidence is
      presented to support this conclusion.

PMID- 3707532
TI  - Structural analysis of the major urinary oligosaccharides in feline alpha
      mannosidosis.
AB  - Two homologous series of urinary oligosaccharides were identified by h.p.l.c. and
      fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry in feline alpha-mannosidosis. The
      predominant series has the composition Man2-8GlcNAc2 and a minor series the
      composition Man2-9GlcNAc. The structure of the most abundant oligosaccharide,
      which accounts for over 80% of the urinary oligosaccharide, was shown to be alpha
      D-Manp(1----3)[alpha-D-Manp-(1----6)]beta-D-Manp -(1----4)-beta-D-GlcpNA c-(1---
      4)-D-GlcNAc by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Such a structure is
      consistent with the incomplete catabolism of complex N-linked glycans due to a
      deficiency of alpha-D-mannosidase in tissue lacking an endohexosaminidase
      activity.

PMID- 3707533
TI  - Equations describing the effects of the transient stability of subpopulations of
      nascent hnRNAs on the kinetics of turnover of hnRNA.
AB  - The equations that have been used previously to analyse the rate of decay of
      hnRNA implicitly assume that nascent hnRNAs are degraded stochastically. This
      assumption is inconsistent with electron-microscopic studies of transcription
      cited here, which show that nascent hnRNAs are not degraded during transcription,
      implying that hnRNA degradation occurs only after termination of transcription
      and release of the hnRNA from chromatin. Equations are derived describing the
      accumulation of radioactivity hnRNA during continuous labelling assuming that
      nascent hnRNAs are stable and that hnRNAs decay with first-order kinetics only
      after completion of transcription. The effects of the transient stability of
      nascent hnRNAs on the kinetics of hnRNA turnover can become important when the
      half-life of the hnRNA is shorter than the time to transcribe an hnRNA from the
      point of initiation to the point of termination. These equations should prove
      useful in studies of hnRNA turnover that require a precise description of the
      labelling kinetics of nascent and completed subpopulations of hnRNA.

PMID- 3707534
TI  - Heparin-binding apoproteins. Effects on lipoprotein lipase and hepatic uptake of
      remnants.
AB  - Apoprotein-free heparin-binding and non-binding chylomicrons were used as
      substrates to test the effects on lipoprotein lipase activity of (a) chylomicron
      protein I; (b) the mixture of proteins I, II and apoprotein E and (c) human beta
      2-glycoprotein I. No activation of the enzyme was observed with any of those
      apoproteins. When rats were injected simultaneously with [3H]cholesterol-labelled
      heparin-binding chylomicrons (containing proteins I and II) and [14C]cholesterol
      labelled non-binding chylomicrons, no differences were detected between the rates
      of removal from circulation of those two types of particles. Clearance of
      chylomicrons from circulation was accompanied by the incorporation of 3H and 14C
      labels into the livers at similar rates. It is concluded that proteins I, II and
      apoprotein E have no effect on the degradation of chylomicrons by lipoprotein
      lipase and that the hepatic recognition of remnants does not appear to be
      affected by proteins I and II.

PMID- 3707535
TI  - Identification of the mouse low-salt-eluting single-stranded DNA-binding protein
      as a mammalian lactate dehydrogenase-A isoenzyme.
AB  - A 36,000-Mr protein purified from mouse myeloma on the basis of selective binding
      to a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-cellulose column has been identified as the
      lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH-A) subunit. A homogeneous preparation of this mouse
      myeloma ssDNA-binding protein, termed the 'low-salt-eluting protein', was found
      to possess LDH activity, and rabbit antiserum prepared against this protein was
      shown to cross-react with purified 36,000-Mr LDH-A subunits from mouse and bovine
      sources. In addition, bovine and human LHD-A4 isoenzymes were shown to be capable
      of binding ssDNA. These enzymic and immunological identities with LDH-A were not
      observed with purified helix-destabilizing protein 1 from mouse myeloma. A model
      for ssDNA-LDH binding is discussed.

PMID- 3707536
TI  - Milk composition of rats feeding restricted litters.
AB  - Milk samples were taken from rats feeding ten pups and from both the suckled and
      non-suckled glands of rats feeding two pups. The lipid, protein and lactose
      concentrations were similar in the milks from the secreting glands, but the fluid
      from the non-suckled glands contained less lactose and lipid but significantly
      higher total protein and transferrin concentrations. The fatty acid compositions
      of the milk from the three sources were very similar. The mammary tissue from the
      rats feeding ten pups had a higher DNA content/g wet wt. than either the suckled
      or non-suckled mammary tissue of the rats feeding two pups. The specific
      activities of several lipogenic enzymes were significantly lower in the non
      suckled mammary tissue.

PMID- 3707537
TI  - Application of a rapid and efficient h.p.l.c. method to measure bilirubin and its
      conjugates from native bile and in model bile systems. Potential use as a tool
      for kinetic reactions and as an aid in diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease.
AB  - We have developed an extremely rapid and efficient reverse-phase h.p.l.c. method
      for the measurement of bilirubin and its conjugates in human bile and in model
      bile systems. Our method involves the use of a Perkin-Elmer 3 mu C18 column and a
      methanol/sodium acetate/aq. ammonium acetate buffer system. Three isomers of
      bilirubin diglucuronide (BDG), two isomers of bilirubin monoglucuronide (BMG),
      three isomers of unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) and minor conjugates containing
      glucose and xylose were separated in 12 min. Initial quantification of BDG and
      BMG was based on the use of the ethyl anthranilate azo derivative of bilirubin
      (AZO UCB); however, the standard curves for BDG, BMG and UCB were similar enough
      to permit quantification to be later based on the UCB standard curve only,
      thereby simplifying the quantification process. Routine direct injection of 6 or
      10 microliter of crude undiluted or diluted (1:1) bile sample was sufficient for
      analysis. The method was helpful in diagnosing biliary-tract obstruction in a
      newborn and a partial deficiency state of bilirubin conjugation (Crigler-Najjar
      syndrome) in a 10-year-old male. When the method was applied to biles of patients
      both with and without gallstones, levels of UCB were less than 2% of total
      pigment, consistent with previous reports. Because of its speed and efficiency,
      this method has the potential for a broad range of applications including
      enzymic, kinetic and bile sample analyses.

PMID- 3707538
TI  - A reassessment of the assay for the asialoglycoprotein receptor and its use in
      the quantification of receptor distribution in hepatocytes.
AB  - The assay for the fucose-binding protein described by Lehrman & Hill [(1983)
      Methods Enzymol. 98, 309-319] was adapted for the measurement of the
      asialoglycoprotein receptor in rat liver. The amount of ligand bound to the
      plasma-membrane-associated or affinity-purified receptor was acutely sensitive to
      the concentrations of Triton X-100 and NaCl in the assay: 0.02% (v/v) Triton X
      100 increased ligand binding to the two preparations by 100% and 40%
      respectively. Higher concentrations of detergent progressively decreased binding,
      and in 0.32% Triton X-100 it was about 30% of the value obtained in detergent
      free buffer. The addition of increasing concentrations of NaCl to the assay
      progressively inhibited ligand binding to the membrane-associated receptor,
      whereas there was a 60% increase in binding to the pure receptor in the presence
      of 0.1-0.2 M-NaCl. These effects could not be identified in the original assay
      procedure described by Hudgin, Pricer, Ashwell, Stockert & Morell [(1974) J.
      Biol. Chem. 249, 5536-5543]. Using optimal assay conditions the binding of 125I
      beta-D-galactosyl-bovine serum albumin to both the membrane-associated and
      purified receptor was inhibited by 50% by 1 nM-beta-D-galactosyl-bovine serum
      albumin and -asialoorosomucoid and by approx. 100 microM-beta-L-fucosyl-bovine
      serum albumin, whereas beta-D-galactose, lactose and beta-L-fucose had no effect
      on ligand binding up to concentrations of 1 mM, 500 microM and 5 mM respectively.
      KD values of 0.94 and 1.25 nM and Bmax. values of 40 and 1660 pmol of D
      galactosyl-bovine serum albumin bound/mg of receptor were obtained for the
      membrane-bound and purified receptor respectively. Hill-plot analysis of the same
      data gave slopes of 0.96 and 1.01. Scatchard analysis of saturation-binding
      studies with other subcellular fractions indicated that the receptor was
      distributed in the proportions 72:23:2.5:2.5 between total microsomal fractions,
      plasma membrane, Golgi and canalicular membrane respectively. The receptor was
      about 1% of the total protein in each compartment and was estimated to be about
      0.3% of the total liver protein.

PMID- 3707539
TI  - Kinetics of metabolic pathways. A system in vitro to study the control of flux.
AB  - A method for determining Control Coefficients is proposed for systems studied in
      vitro and applied to a model pathway. Rat liver extract, which converts glucose
      into glycerol 3-phosphate, was used with the addition to the incubation mixture
      of fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, triose-phosphate isomerase and glycerol-3
      phosphate dehydrogenase as 'auxiliary' enzymes, which leaves all the control on
      the first three enzymes. The flux of the metabolic pathway was recorded by
      assaying NADH decay. Flux Control Coefficients (CJE) of hexokinase, glucose-6
      phosphate isomerase and phosphofructokinase were calculated by titration of the
      system with increasing quantities of extraneous enzymes. It is shown that the
      summation property is fulfilled. The applicability of this procedure to study the
      control in any metabolic pathway is discussed. Possible relevance of the method
      to conditions in vivo and its limitations are considered.

PMID- 3707541
TI  - Robust regression of enzyme kinetic data.
AB  - A method described previously [Cornish-Bowden & Endrenyi (1981) Biochem. J. 193,
      1005-1008] for fitting theoretical equations to enzyme kinetic data without prior
      knowledge of weights or error distribution has been tested by computer
      simulation. With the equations for various kinds of linear inhibition as an
      example, the method performed well under all of the conditions examined, giving
      results that were often much better than those given by widely used least-squares
      alternatives, and were never appreciably worse. Although equations for two
      substrate kinetics were not explicitly tested, the results for inhibition
      equations can be generalized to include two-substrate equations because the two
      are formally equivalent for simulation purposes. As a check on the results with
      inhibition equations the method was also tested for fitting bell-shaped pH
      activity profiles and gave correspondingly good results.

PMID- 3707540
TI  - Lithium-induced reduction in intracellular inositol supply in cholinergically
      stimulated parotid gland.
AB  - The effects of lithium and cholinergic stimulation on inositol phospholipid
      metabolism have been assessed using rat parotid gland slices and isolated acinar
      cells labelled with 32Pi. Cholinergic stimulation using carbachol caused
      substantial breakdown of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdInsP2) and
      enhanced labelling of phosphatidate (PA) and phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns).
      Lithium alone had little effect upon 32Pi incorporation, but in combination with
      carbachol it greatly reduced the PtdIns labelling response to the agonist.
      Instead the label accumulated in a lipid identified as cytidine
      monophosphorylphosphatidate. There was also an enhancement of the PA labelling
      response to carbachol. These lithium-induced alterations in agonist-stimulated
      phospholipid metabolism were reversed if 10-30 mM-inositol was included in the
      incubation medium. Despite reduced PtdIns synthesis, lithium had relatively
      little effect on polyphosphoinositide labelling in stimulated cells. Resynthesis
      of polyphosphoinositides was monitored in acinar cells that had been stimulated
      with carbachol and then treated with atropine to block muscarinic receptors.
      Treatment with lithium during the carbachol-stimulation phase reduced the rate of
      phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate synthesis, but had no significant effect upon
      PtdInsP2. The results suggest that an active inositol phosphatase pathway is
      essential to maintain intracellular inositol levels, but that PtdInsP2 synthesis
      is not markedly reduced by a substantial fall in intracellular inositol. This
      implies a close control over the rates of PtdInsP2 breakdown and resynthesis
      during agonist stimulation.

PMID- 3707542
TI  - The effect of HhaI methylation on DNA local structure.
AB  - The effect of methylating the central cytosine in the sequence GCGC on the
      sensitivity to digestion by deoxyribonuclease I was investigated. Examination of
      five such sites shows that the extra methyl group renders the bond on its 5' side
      more susceptible to cleavage, and this is interpreted by suggesting that it
      causes small changes in the local DNA phosphate orientation.

PMID- 3707543
TI  - The affinity of newly synthesized proteoglycan for hyaluronic acid can be
      enhanced by exposure to mild alkali.
AB  - The affinities for hyaluronic acid of newly synthesized proteoglycan from post
      confluent rabbit chondrocyte cultures and purified bovine proteoglycan monomer
      were compared. In mixtures prepared at pH 6.8 the newly synthesized proteoglycan
      had the lower affinity; however, in mixtures incubated at pH 8.5 for 24 h before
      addition of hyaluronic acid, the newly synthesized proteoglycan exhibited a
      markedly higher affinity than the bovine monomer. The results suggest that
      proteoglycan secreted without associated link protein [Plaas, Sandy & Muir (1983)
      Biochem. J. 214, 855-864] has a low affinity for hyaluronate and that this may be
      increased during subsequent extracellular processing.

PMID- 3707544
TI  - Lipolysis in rat adipocytes during recovery from lactation. Response to
      noradrenaline and adenosine.
AB  - The replenishment of lipid reserves of adipocytes following the removal of
      litters from lactating rats is associated with a 3-fold decrease in both the
      response of lipolysis to noradrenaline and the maximum rate of lipolysis
      (measured in the presence of noradrenaline plus adenosine deaminase); these
      adaptations do not appear to result from the changes in serum prolactin and
      insulin concentrations that occur on litter removal.

PMID- 3707545
TI  - Modulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase activity in cultured hepatocytes by
      glucagon and n-octanoate.
AB  - The activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase in extracts of mitochondria from
      rat hepatocytes cultured for 21 h in medium 199 was increased 2.5-fold by the
      presence of 55 nM-glucagon and 1 mM-sodium n-octanoate in the culture medium. The
      change was comparable with that induced in vivo by 48 h starvation. The potential
      contribution of branched-chain complex to estimates of PDH-complex activity in
      rat liver mitochondria has been defined.

PMID- 3707546
TI  - Evidence that lysosomes are not involved in the degradation of myofibrillar
      proteins in rat skeletal muscle.
AB  - To examine the role of lysosomes in the degradation of skeletal-muscle
      myofibrillar proteins, we measured the release of N tau-methylhistidine from
      perfused muscle of starved and fed rats in the presence or absence of agents that
      inhibit lysosomal proteinase activity. After 1 day of starvation, the release of
      N tau-methylhistidine by perfused muscle of 4-, 8- and 24-week-old rats increased
      by 322, 159 and 134% respectively. On the other hand, total protein breakdown,
      assessed by tyrosine release, increased by 62, 20 and 20% respectively.
      Inhibitors of lysosomal proteinases as well as high concentrations of insulin or
      amino acids failed to diminish the release of N tau-methylhistidine by perfused
      muscle of starved and fed rats, despite a 25-35% inhibition of total protein
      breakdown. The data strongly suggest that the complete breakdown of myofibrillar
      proteins occurs via a non-lysosomal pathway. They also suggest that total
      proteolysis, which primarily reflects non-myofibrillar protein breakdown, occurs
      at least in part within lysosomes.

PMID- 3707548
TI  - Human liver sulphamate sulphohydrolase. Determinations of native protein and
      subunit Mr values and influence of substrate agylcone structure on catalytic
      properties.
AB  - Human sulphamate sulphohydrolase was purified at least 20,000-fold to homogeneity
      from liver with a three-step four-column procedure, which consisted of a
      concanavalin A-Sepharose/Blue A agarose coupled step, and Bio-Gel HT step and
      then a CM-Sepharose step. The procedure was also used to purify enzyme from
      kidney and placenta. The subunit Mr of liver, kidney and placenta sulphamate
      sulphohydrolase was assessed to be 56,000 by using SDS/polacrylamide-gel
      electrophoresis. The native protein Mr of enzyme from all three tissue sources
      was assessed by gel-permeation chromatography to be approx. 120,000 on Sephacryl
      S-300 and 100,000 on Fractogel TSK. It is probable that the native enzyme results
      from dimerization of subunits. Kinetic parameters (km and kcat.) of human liver
      sulphamate sulphohydrolase were determined with a variety of substrates matching
      structural aspects of the physiological substrates in vivo, namely heparin and
      heparan sulphate. More structurally complex substrates, in which several aspects
      of the aglycone structure of the natural substrate were maintained, are turned
      over up to 372000 times faster than the monosaccharide substrate 2
      sulphaminoglucosamine. Aglycone structures that influence substrate binding
      and/or enzyme activity were penultimate-residue C-6 carboxy and C-2 sulphate
      ester groups and a post-penultimate 2-sulphaminoglucosamine residue. The C-4
      hydroxy group of the 2-sulphaminoglucosamine under enzymic attack is involved in
      binding of substrate to enzyme. The presence of C-6 sulphate ester on the non
      reducing end 2-sulphaminoglucosamine stimulates sulphamate bond hydrolysis and
      substrate affinity if the adjacent monosaccharide residue is idose or 2
      sulphoidose, but strongly inhibits hydrolysis if the adjacent monosaccharide
      residue is iduronic acid. Sulphamate sulphohydrolase is an exoenzyme, since
      activity toward internal sulphamate bonds was not detected. The effect of
      incubation pH on enzyme activity towards the variety of substrates evaluated was
      complex and dependent on substrate aglycone structure. The presence of aglycone C
      2 sulphate ester and aglycone C-6 carboxy groups and C-6 sulphate ester groups on
      the 2-sulphaminoglucosamine residue under attack considerably affect the pH
      response. Structurally complex substrates had two pH optima. Incubation
      temperature and buffer ionic strength markedly influenced pH optima and enzyme
      activity. Cu2+ and SO4(2-)ions are potent inhibitors of enzyme activity.

PMID- 3707547
TI  - Use of the photoaffinity cross-linking agent N-hydroxysuccinimidyl-4
      azidosalicylic acid to characterize salivary-glycoprotein-bacterial interactions.
AB  - The present study has utilized the iodinatable cross-linking agent N
      hydroxysuccinimidyl-4-azidosalicylic acid (ASA) to examine the specific
      interaction between the proline-rich glycoprotein (PRG) of human parotid saliva
      and Streptococcus sanguis G9B. The binding of 125I-ASA-PRG to Streptococcus
      sanguis G9B displayed saturation kinetics, reversibility and was inhibited by
      unlabelled PRG. Inhibition studies with other glycoproteins and saccharides
      indicated that binding was mediated by a bacterial adhesin with specificity
      towards N-acetylneuraminic acid, galactose, and N-acetylgalactosamine. After
      cross-linking, the 125I-ASA-PRG-adhesin complex could be extracted with SDS and
      separated from uncoupled 125I-ASA-PRG by gel filtration on Sepharose CL-6B.
      Approx. 1% of the 125I-ASA-PRG was cross-linked to the bacterial surface.
      Examination of the 125I-ASA-PRG-adhesin complex by SDS/polyacrylamide-gel
      electrophoresis/fluorography on 5% -(w/v)-polyacrylamide gels revealed that PRG
      was bound to two bacterial components. These findings support our previous
      suggestion that human salivary glycoproteins can specifically interact with oral
      streptococci and that these interactions occur between the glycoprotein's
      carbohydrate units and lectin(s) on the bacterial cell surface.

PMID- 3707549
TI  - The cellulase of Penicillium pinophilum. Synergism between enzyme components in
      solubilizing cellulose with special reference to the involvement of two
      immunologically distinct cellobiohydrolases.
AB  - Two immunologically unrelated cellobiohydrolases (I and II), isolated from the
      extracellular cellulase system elaborated by the fungus Penicillum pinophilum,
      acted in synergism to solubilize the microcrystalline cellulose Avicel; the ratio
      of the two enzymes for maximum rate of attack was approx. 1:1. A hypothesis to
      explain the phenomenon of synergism between two endwise-acting cellobiohydrolases
      is presented. It is suggested that the cellobiohydrolases may be two
      stereospecific enzymes concerned with the hydrolysis of the two different
      configurations of non-reducing end groups that would exist in cellulose. Only one
      type of cellobiohydrolase has been isolated so far from the cellulases of the
      fungi Fusarium solani and Trichoderma koningii. Only cellobiohydrolase II of P.
      pinophilum acted synergistically with the cellobiohydrolase of the fungi T.
      koningii or F. solani to solubilize Avicel. Cellobiohydrolase II showed no
      capacity for co-operating with the endo-1,4-beta-glucanase of T. koningii or F.
      solani to solubilize crystalline cellulose, but cellobiohydrolase I did. These
      results are discussed in the context of the hypothesis presented.

PMID- 3707550
TI  - Effect of improved hydrogen supply on energy state, ureogenesis and
      gluconeogenesis in isolated hepatocytes.
AB  - The cellular energy state as well as ureogenesis and gluconeogenesis as ATP
      consuming processes were studied as a function of hydrogen supply of mitochondria
      in isolated hepatocytes. Even though the ATP turnover was quite different during
      ureogenesis and gluconeogenesis and in the absence of these syntheses both the
      safranine signals (as a probe for the mitochondrial membrane potential) and the
      total ATP contents of the cells did not vary to a great extent. Partial
      uncoupling by FCCP destroyed the mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased
      the cellular ATP totally. Under these conditions the presence of ornithine plus
      lactate maintained a measurable membrane potential and ATP level. In order to
      demonstrate the relevance of hydrogen supply of mitochondria to the syntheses of
      glucose and urea, the load on energy metabolism was additionally increased by
      partial uncoupling, and the cells were incubated in a parallel mode in Krebs
      Henseleit buffer and an 80 mM succinate containing medium, the latter forcing
      succinate into the cells. After partial uncoupling, ureogenesis and
      gluconeogenesis as well as the ATP level were seen to decrease markedly in Krebs
      Henseleit buffer, whereas in the succinate medium the improved hydrogen supply of
      mitochondria counteracted the drain by FCCP, and substantially higher rates of
      the syntheses and elevated ATP levels were maintained.

PMID- 3707551
TI  - [Temperature dependence of membrane-bound aldehyde dehydrogenase from
      Acinetobacter: effect of solubilization and chain length of the substrates].
AB  - The NADP+-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase of intracytoplasmic membranes of
      Acinetobacter calcoaceticus shows a characteristic behaviour of its reaction
      velocities in dependence on temperature. The calculated "real" activation
      energies depend on the increasing chain-length of the homologous aldehydes and
      grow appropriate to the membrane-bound and to the micellar form of the enzyme
      with 6.2 and 7.3 kJ/mole CH2-group, respectively. The values of the activation
      energy of the membrane-bound enzyme are - for each aldehyde of the homologous
      series - 12 kJ/mole larger than those of the solubilized enzyme (present as mixed
      micelles of enzyme, cholate and bacterial phospholipids).

PMID- 3707552
TI  - On the mechanism of AgNO3-induced lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes.
AB  - In order to elucidate the possible mechanism of initiation of lipid peroxidation
      in AgNO3-treated erythrocytes, the effect of AgNO3 on hemoglobin-catalyzed
      peroxidation of phospholipid liposomes was studied. It was found that Ag+
      significantly increases the rate of hemoglobin-catalyzed peroxidation. The
      inhibition of this effect by superoxide dismutase and catalase suggests that
      superoxide radical and H2O2 are involved. It was demonstrated also that Ag+
      potentiates the hemoglobin autoxidation and increases the binding of hemoglobin
      to the erythrocyte membrane. On the basis of these findings a possible mechanism
      of initiation of peroxidation in AgNO3-treated erythrocytes is discussed.

PMID- 3707553
TI  - Differential effects of treatment with UV-light (365 nm) and 8-methoxypsoralen on
      chromosomes of healthy persons and psoriatic patients.
AB  - The effect of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP, 5 X 10(-5) M), near UV-light of 365
      wavelength (UVA, 1.5 J/cm2) and the combination of both (PUVA treatment) were
      studied on lymphocytes in vitro taken from healthy persons and patients with
      psoriasis vulgaris and psoriasis arthritis (psoriasis arthropathica). Chromosomes
      isolated from cell nuclei were visualized by means of Giemsa staining technique
      and analyzed for induction of chromosomal defects, i.e. premature centromere
      division (PCD), major coiling (MC), and formation of gaps and fragile sites.
      Exposure of nonpsoriatic lymphocytes to 8-MOP, UVA or PUVA increased the rate of
      PCD or MC generation. In experiments with psoriatic lymphocytes a much weaker
      effect was found, with a moderate increase of PCD and MC after UVA or PUVA
      treatment in the case of psoriasis vulgaris, and of MC after UVA treatment of
      psoriasis arthritis. On the average the number of chromosomes per metaphase plate
      displaying PCD did not exceed 10. No indication was obtained for the preference
      of certain chromosome groups or the appearance of "fragile sites". Under all
      experimental conditions the number of chromosome gaps ranged in the order of
      their spontaneous induction. Our findings suggest PCD and MC investigations as
      possible sensitive tools for diagnosing latent psoriasis and for refined analysis
      of psoriatic cells or chromosomes. However, more experiments along this line are
      needed.

PMID- 3707554
TI  - [Influence of heat-induced changes in the mechanical properties of the membrane
      on the filterability of human erythrocytes].
AB  - The influence of heat induced changes of mechanical membrane properties of human
      erythrocytes on their filterability was investigated. A 10-minute incubation at
      47, 48 and 48.4 degrees C, respectively, leads to an increase of elastic membrane
      shear modulus (up to 130%, 240%, 260%) and membrane viscosity (up to 220%, 380%,
      480%). In comparison to these effects the filterability determined by cellulose
      filters was diminished relatively slightly (increase of filterability index up to
      110%, 130%, 170%), with the mean erythrocyte volume remaining unchanged. Taking
      into account former investigations it is concluded that the used filtration
      technique is less sensitive with respect to changes of the elastic and viscous
      membrane properties compared with changes of cytoplasmic viscosity of the cells.

PMID- 3707555
TI  - The effect of lesions in the mesencephalic reticular formation upon conditioned
      avoidance responses in rat. III. Lesions of the area subcuneiformis.
AB  - Two groups of 6 month old male hooded rats of the Long-Evans strain with
      bilateral symmetrical lesions in the anterior part of the mesencephalic area
      subcuneiformis (CUS) were compared with two sham-operated control groups (each
      group n = 8). CUS rats were absolutely unable to acquire a conditioned avoidance
      response (CAR) in a jump test; they even did not find out the escape possibility.
      Postoperative CAR acquisition of CUS rats in a horizontal alley was not different
      from controls, but their running speed was decreased (p less than 0.005).
      Lesioned rat's postoperative acquisition of brightness-discrimination was
      evidently disturbed and their error rate was still enhanced after 120 trials (p
      less than 0.005). Their reaction times of leaving the start box, however, were
      significantly lowered. The postoperative retention of preoperatively learnt CAR
      was very low. Relearning was possible in the Y-maze at lower level, but
      impossible in the jump test. The error rate decreased very slowly in the
      postoperative testing, whereas controls performed the brightness discrimination
      without errors as before. The unconditioned escape, however, was performed as
      correctly by CUS rats in the jump test as in the preoperative trials but rather
      slowly. The pattern of the behavioural syndrome after CUS lesions and the
      deficits in avoidance learning are possibly caused by a loss in sensory-motor
      coupling and a weakened ability to select visual, olfactory or painful stimuli
      which are important for the regulation of certain forms of behaviour.

PMID- 3707556
TI  - [Biochemical characterization and differentiation of dopaminergic
      supersensitivity in the rat].
AB  - Parameters of dopamine turnover were measured after developing different forms of
      behaviour facilitation. The state of denervation supersensitivity is
      characterized biochemically by diminished dopamine turnover and enhanced receptor
      sensitivity whereas forms of innervation supersensitivity did not show such
      alterations.

PMID- 3707557
TI  - [EEG studies in rats to determine the threshold levels of chlorpromazine with
      respect to the state of vigilance].
AB  - Taking into account the actual vigilance status of the animals (awake,
      drowsiness, slow-wave-sleep) we were able to show EEG changes at lower
      chlorpromazine levels (0.42 mumole/kg b.w., i.p.) in contrast to 1.4 mumole/kg
      b.w., i.p.) in the model "without considering the vigilance status". These
      changes were especially pronounced during the awake state.

PMID- 3707559
TI  - Kinetic model of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from red blood cells.
      Parameter estimation from progress curves and simulation of regulatory
      properties.
AB  - A kinetic model of human and mouse glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is presented
      which takes into account the substrates and all inhibitors of significant
      importance in the red cell. The parameter values were estimated by analysis of
      progress curves. The applicability of a new method based on non-linear regression
      to complex enzyme kinetics was proved. The in vivo-regulation of glucose-6
      phosphate dehydrogenase is examined by determining elasticity coefficients and by
      using simple simulation experiments. The model is convenient to describe the
      behaviour of enzyme activity under physiological conditions.

PMID- 3707558
TI  - Changes in the metabolism and binding of GABA in the rat brain in thioacetamide
      induced hepatogenic encephalopathy.
AB  - The GABA level, and the glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and GABA
      aminotransferase (GABA-T) activities were measured in the cortex and striatum of
      rats in which the early stages of hepatogenic encephalopathy (HE) had been
      induced by few intraperitoneal administrations of thioacetamide (TAA). Besides,
      the GABA binding to synaptic plasma membranes (SPM) isolated from whole brain
      hemispheres was examined. The first part of the study revealed significant
      changes both in the neurotransmitter level and in the enzyme activities; no
      correlation was observed, however, between the accumulation of GABA and the
      progression of the disease. In contrast, subsequent stages of HE in the TAA model
      were found to be characterized by a gradual decrease of both Bmax and KD values
      for GABA binding, which may reflect a gradual decrease in the number of binding
      sites, accompanied by sensitization of the remaining receptors. The results are
      discussed in view of the possible involvement of this inhibitory neurotransmitter
      in the pathogenesis of HE.

PMID- 3707560
TI  - Inhibition of proliferation of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells is functionally
      correlated with reduced activity of the cytosol to stimulate protein synthesis.
AB  - The cytosolic fraction prepared from in vivo stationary phase Ehrlich ascites
      carcinoma cells (EAC cells) stimulates in vitro protein synthesis by isolated
      polysomes to a substantially lower extent than the cytosol of exponentially
      growing cells. The cytosolic fraction of EAC cells treated in vitro for 24 h with
      a purified 13 kD growth inhibitor from bovine mammary gland was by 20-40% less
      active in stimulating in vitro protein synthesis in comparison to control
      cytosols. It could be shown that the growth inhibitor does not act directly on
      the cytosol but rather exerts its action by (a) plasma membrane mediated
      mechanism(s). The results are discussed with respect to correlations between
      regulations of cell proliferation and protein synthesis at the
      posttranscriptional level.

PMID- 3707561
TI  - Pokeweed mitogen induced synthesis of human IgG and IgM in vitro. Technical
      aspects and the role of adherent cells.
AB  - The Pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-inducing in vitro synthesis of human IgG and IgM was
      determined by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) in culture supernatants of PWM-stimulated
      peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from 83 healthy donors ranging from 24-46
      years. Seventy five per cent were characterized as normal responders (200-2000
      ng/ml IgG and IgM), 10% classified as high responders (2000-3000 ng/ml), and
      another 10% had a very high response (more than 5000 ng/ml of both IgG and IgM).
      One of 83 donors was shown to be a PWM non-responder. In 83 unstimulated cultures
      from the same donors 660 +/- 75 ng/ml IgG and 60 +/- 10 ng/ml IgM were measured
      after 8 days of incubation. Ten donors exhibited similar dose dependence of PWM
      induced Ig synthesis but differed in time kinetics (optimum between 8 and 12 days
      of culture). Regression analysis of IgG and IgM production in 83 PWM-stimulated
      lymphocyte cultures from different healthy donors showed a correlation
      coefficient of r = 0.627. Intracellular Ig in PWM-stimulated cells was quantified
      by EIA technique after cell lysis in time kinetic experiments. Reproducibility
      and accuracy of the test system are described in detail. An excess of monocytes
      of more than 20% in the culture caused an inhibition of the Ig synthesis
      (calculated on constant numbers of B cells). Monocytes were further immobilized
      in FCS-coated culture plates and pulsed with PWM for 2 h. Adding unstimulated,
      nonadherent cells to the plates after removing the mitogen resulted in an Ig
      production comparable to that with the classical method.

PMID- 3707562
TI  - The pretectal region of the rat participates in the regulation of goal-directed
      behaviour.
AB  - Two groups of each 6 male hooded rats with bilateral symmetrical lesions in the
      anterior dorsolateral tegmentum including parts of the anterior and posterior
      pretectal nuclei and two sham-operated control groups were compared in different
      avoidance paradigms. The acquisition of conditioned avoidance responses (CAR) in
      a Y-maze was significantly retarded in lesioned rats and remained definitely on a
      lower performance level. Their reaction times (RTs) were significantly prolonged.
      Brightness discrimination was severely impaired. They had evidently troubles to
      correct their erroneous runs. After preoperative training lesioned rats had no
      retention deficit in the Y-maze performance, neither different RTs nor changes of
      running speed, but a deficit in brightness discrimination. Postoperative
      acquisition of CAR in a jump test was impossible. Retention of preoperatively
      learnt CAR in the jump test was zero, relearning was impossible reaching not more
      than 40% CAR performance after 8 sessions. The behavioural syndrome was different
      from other tegmental lesion types. Impaired brightness discrimination and
      vertical visual orientation are main symptoms of the more complex disturbance of
      goal-directed behaviour.

PMID- 3707564
TI  - Increased lipid peroxide formation in the rat forebrain during kainic acid
      seizures.
AB  - The formation of malondialdehyde, a lipid peroxidation product, was investigated
      by the thiobarbituric acid test in the forebrain of rats 4 h following systemic
      kainic acid administration. A significantly increased level of malondialdehyde
      was found in the treated animals as compared to controls. The increased lipid
      peroxide formation may be the consequence of seizure activity, induced by kainic
      acid and may have deleterious effects on the cell membranes.

PMID- 3707563
TI  - Tooth pulp evoked potentials in trigeminal nuclei and parabrachial region of the
      freely moving rat.
AB  - Twelve hooded rats with chronically implanted recording electrodes in the left
      ponto-mesencephalic trigeminal nuclei and parabrachial region and bipolar
      stimulating electrodes in the left upper incisor were investigated in different
      states of spontaneous behaviour. At all recording sites tooth pulp evoked
      potentials (TPEP) with the following main components were recorded: a small
      negative component with a peak time of N 2 ms, followed by a second negativity
      with the peak time of N 6 ms and a slow large positive-negative component with
      the peak time of N 28 ms. The corresponding positive peaks were: P 3 ms, P 13 ms,
      P 58 ms. In all rats we observed a great variability of TPEP components in
      different waking states. A maximal decrease of TPEPs was observed during strong
      grooming compared with relaxed wakefulness.

PMID- 3707565
TI  - The effect of early postnatal hypoxia on the development of locomotor activity in
      rats.
AB  - Rats exposed to an intermittent long-term hypoxia in the early postnatal life
      show a marked hyperactivity in the open field test at day 15 and 38 of life. This
      effect disappears during maturity. The spontaneous nocturnal activity of adult
      animals oxygen deprived postnatally was found to be elevated. These results may
      be a possible consequence of the hypoxic injury during the growth spurt period of
      neuronal systems which play an important role in the control of locomotor
      behaviour. The method used and the results obtained seem to meet some
      requirements of an animal model for symptoms associated with the syndrome
      referred to as "Minimal Brain Dysfunction".

PMID- 3707566
TI  - Behavioral function of GABA in the median raphe nucleus.
AB  - Locomotor hyperactivity of rats was induced by injection of muscimol into the
      median raphe nucleus. Intra-raphe injection of picrotoxin or bicuculline failed
      to influence locomotor activity, however, muscimol-induced hyperactivity was
      inhibited by simultaneous intra-raphe injection of picrotoxin and muscimol. These
      data indicate an involvement of the GABAergic system in the median raphe nucleus
      in induction of locomotor effects. Systemic and intra-raphe injection of
      cyproheptadine depressed muscimol-induced hypermotility, whereas lesion of
      serotonergic raphe neurons by 5,7-DHT or intra-raphe injected LSD did not
      influence the muscimol effect, suggesting that GABAergically induced locomotor
      effects are not entirely mediated by serotonergic mechanisms.

PMID- 3707567
TI  - Protective and restitutive effects of antihypoxic drugs on posthypoxic dopamine
      release inhibition.
AB  - Exposure of rats to hypoxia results in a substantial decrease of dopamine release
      from striatum slices for several days. Nootropic drugs (piracetam, meclofenoxate
      hydrochloride, methylglucamine orotate, nicergoline) accelerate the restitution
      of posthypoxic release inhibition. In contrast, amphetamine is ineffective in
      this respect. The antihypoxic action of sedatives (diazepam, phenobarbital)
      prevents the decrease of dopamine release. Comparable results with free radical
      scavengers (cysteamine hydrochloride, sodium formiate, ouabain), ascorbic acid,
      natrii calcii edetas, selenium methionine and acetylsalicylic acid which protect
      dopamine release from hypoxically produced changes agree with and support the
      hypothesis of hypoxia induced free radical generation followed by phospholipid
      peroxidation altering particularly neuronal membrane function. On that account,
      dopamine release from rat striatum slices reflects not only the vulnerability of
      neuronal membrane function by hypoxia but also the preventive, protective and
      restitutive effects of antihypoxic drugs of different type and is able to
      contribute to discriminating drug investigation.

PMID- 3707568
TI  - Degradation of beta-casomorphin in the rat brain in vivo.
AB  - The degradation of beta-casomorphin 1-5 (Tyr-Pro-Phe-Pro-Gly (beta CM]--an opiate
      like acting pentapeptide--was investigated in brain stem and corpus striatum of
      male Wistar rats during the first 20 min after an intracerebroventricular
      (i.c.v.) application of 166 nmol [3H]Phe3-beta CM. Dependent on the time after
      [3H]Phe3-beta CM injection, the radioactivity carried by beta CM and its
      metabolites was estimated in the HCl-soluble tissue fraction of these brain
      structures. The separation of the intact pentapeptide from its metabolites was
      performed using HPLC-technique. In both brain regions a rapid decrease in the
      concentration of beta CM was observed during the first 10 min after [3H]Phe3-beta
      CM application (1st phase). 10 to 20 min after injection, the decrease in beta CM
      concentration was found to be considerably smaller (2nd phase). Moreover, beta CM
      is rapidly degraded forming phenylalanine and tyrosine as the main metabolites.
      Furthermore, at any time, small amounts of Phe-Pro-Gly, Phe-Pro, Pro-Phe-Pro-Gly
      and Tyr-Pro-Phe-Pro were estimated. From these results, the analgesic effect by
      i.c.v. application of 166 nmol beta CM is assumed to be caused rather by the
      intact pentapeptide molecule than by one of its metabolites.

PMID- 3707569
TI  - Evidence for FGF-like growth factor in adult bovine retina: analogies with EDGF
      I.
AB  - Eye Derived Growth Factor (EDGF) is the genus name for growth factor activities
      found in several ocular tissues. Purification from bovine retina by Cibacron blue
      affinity chromatography has previously given a fraction which can induce target
      cell proliferation at doses of 30 ng per ml of culture medium. Radioimmunoassay
      using a labelled synthetic decapeptide [Tyr 10]--FGF (1-10) including the 9 N
      terminal amino acids of brain Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) indicated that EDGF
      contained a FGF-like material. Further purification of Cibacron blue purified
      EDGF with heparin sepharose chromatography yielded two active fractions after
      elution with a sodium chloride gradient. One fraction named EDGF I eluted between
      1.3 and 1.5 M NaCl and accounted for over 50% of the input biological activity
      and comigrated with purified FGF on SDS PAGE at a molecular weight of 16,000 d as
      a single band. FGF competed with EDGF I for binding to specific receptors on
      bovine epithelial lens cells. We conclude that retina contains a growth factor
      activity (EDGF I) similar if not identical to FGF.

PMID- 3707570
TI  - Isolation of a keto sugar specific agglutinin from rat uterus.
AB  - A ketosugar-specific agglutinin has been identified and purified to apparent
      homogeneity by affinity chromatography from the three days post-coital rat
      uterus. This protein is not found in other stages of estrous cycle. The
      agglutinin is glycoprotein, moves as single band with molecular weight 37,000 in
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and pI is 4.2. Among the ketosugars, fructose
      and ribulose effectively inhibit the agglutinin activity, beside these sugars,
      mannose, glucose, alpha methyl-mannoside and glucoside are also effective as
      potent inhibitors. Possible roles of this protein in pregnancy are discussed.

PMID- 3707571
TI  - Phosphorylation-dephosphorylation process as a probable mechanism for the diurnal
      regulatory changes of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in CAM plants.
AB  - Day and night forms of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.31) (PEPC) were
      extracted from leaves of the CAM plants Kalanchoe daigremontiana, K. tubiflora
      and K. blossfeldiana previously fed with [32P] labelled phosphate solution. A one
      step immunochemical purification followed by SDS polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis and autoradiography showed that, in all species, the night form
      of the enzyme was phosphorylated and not the day form. Limited acid hydrolysis of
      the night form and two-dimensional separation identified predominantly labelled
      phosphoserine and phosphothreonine. In vitro addition of exogenous acid
      phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) to desalted night form-containing extracts resulted
      within 30 min in a shift in PEPC enzymic properties similar to the in vivo
      changes from night to day form. It is suggested that phosphorylation
      dephosphorylation of the enzyme could be the primary in vivo process which might
      explain the observed rhythmicity of enzymic properties.

PMID- 3707572
TI  - Stereochemical difference between 12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid in
      platelets and psoriatic lesions.
AB  - Stereochemical analysis of 12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid derived
      from the lesional scale of patients with psoriasis is reported. Resolution of the
      C-12 hydroxyl enantiomers was carried out by high pressure liquid chromatography
      of their diastereomeric methyl ester dehydroabietyl urethane derivatives. The
      'psoriasis derived" compound was shown to be stereochemically distinct from the
      platelet 12(S)-enantiomer as its derivative co-chromatographed with the 12(R)
      diastereomer.

PMID- 3707573
TI  - The EH2 reduced intermediate of glutathione reductase contains oxidised flavin
      while EH4 does not.
AB  - Glutathione reductase is a flavoprotein whose x-ray structure has been
      established. Functional data and the x-ray structure are consistent with a
      mechanism of reaction in which NADPH reacts with the enzyme to produce a two
      electron, EH2, and four electron, EH4, intermediate. The former is competent for
      the transfer of electrons to the substrate glutathione. Several structures are
      possible for the two NADPH intermediates; in order to aid in the determination of
      the structure of these intermediates, we have determined their resonance Raman
      spectra at two excitation frequencies. These studies establish that the EH2
      intermediate is an oxidized flavin species while the EH4 species is not.
      Furthermore, the most likely structure for EH2 involves a charge transfer
      donation of electrons from the anion of cys-63 to the N5 position of flavin.

PMID- 3707574
TI  - H2O2-dependent decolorization of Poly R-481 by particulate fractions from
      Phanerochaete chrysosporium.
AB  - A cell-free preparation from Phanerochaete chrysosporium culture medium
      decolorized the polymeric dye Poly R-481. The majority of this decolorization
      activity sedimented when centrifuged at 150,000 X g, indicating that it was
      associated with a particulate body. The activity was sensitive to heat, azide and
      cyanide, was stimulated by exogenously added H2O2, and was optimal around pH 4.
      Electron micrographs of the sedimented culture medium fraction showed the
      presence of numerous particulate structures. A similar dye decolorization
      activity from sonicated mycelium also sedimented at 150,000 X g.

PMID- 3707575
TI  - Lipid transfer protein from Manduca sexta hemolymph.
AB  - A hemolymph lipid transfer protein (LTP) was isolated from the tobacco hornworm,
      Manduca sexta. LTP catalyzes net lipid transfer between isolated hemolymph
      lipoproteins in vitro. An isolation procedure employing density gradient
      ultracentrifugation and gel permeation chromatography produced a purified
      protein. LTP is a very high density lipoprotein with a particle Mr greater than
      500,000. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that
      LTP is comprised of two apoproteins: apoLTP-I (Mr approximately 320,000) and
      apoLTP-II (Mr approximately 85,000). LTP may have a physiological role in
      altering the lipid content and composition of the major hemolymph lipoprotein,
      lipophorin.

PMID- 3707576
TI  - Effects of the Vibrio cholerae siderophore vibriobactin on the growth
      characteristics of L1210 cells.
AB  - The microbial iron chelator vibriobactin, N-[3-(2,3-dihydroxybenzamido)propyl]
      1,3-bis[2-(2, 3-dihydroxyphenyl)-trans-5-methyl-2-oxazoline-4-carboxamido]
      propane, is shown to inhibit the growth of L1210 cells in culture, with an IC50
      value of 2 microM. Its biological activity is assigned to the ligand's ability to
      chelate iron as indicated by the disappearance of its antimitotic properties on
      iron chelate preformation or on O-methylation. The ligand is shown to have
      pronounced effects on cell cycle kinetics introducing a G1/S phase block. When
      treated cells are washed free of the ligand with fresh media they cascade into a
      high S phase in 5 hrs. Furthermore, after exposure of L1210 cells to vibriobactin
      (10 microM) for 5 hrs followed by removal of the drug, cells display different
      doubling times relative to untreated controls, with lower bromodeoxyuridine
      (BrdUrd) incorporation and no apparent cell death as shown by a 51Cr release
      assay. The effects on cell kinetics are consistent with inhibition of
      ribonucleotide reductase. Finally, vibriobactin is also shown to be active with a
      human Burkitt lymphoma cell line (Daudi).

PMID- 3707577
TI  - Stacking and hydrogen bonding interactions between phenylalanine and guanine
      nucleotide: crystal structure of L-phenylalanine-7-methylguanosine-5'
      monophosphate complex.
AB  - The crystal structure of title complex has been analyzed by X-ray diffraction
      method as a model for elucidating the possible interaction between the
      phenylalanyl residue of proteins and the N7-protonated or methylated guanine base
      of nucleic acids. The guanine base is associated with the benzene ring of
      phenylalanine by stacking interaction, and further connected with the carboxyl
      group by the formation of a pair of hydrogen bonds. These two interaction modes
      are suggested to be responsible for the specific recognition of base sequence by
      protein.

PMID- 3707578
TI  - TSH-stimulated increases in calcium uptake and calmodulin levels in thyroid
      cells.
AB  - This is the first report to show that polypeptide hormone increases cellular
      calmodulin contents. In cultured porcine thyroid cells, 6 days' exposure to TSH
      (above 0.02 mU/ml) increased cellular calmodulin contents. Six days' exposure to
      TSH also increased calcium uptake in thyroid cells. This TSH-stimulated increase
      in calcium uptake was partly due to the increase in cellular calmodulin contents.

PMID- 3707579
TI  - A bacteriophage-associated glycanase cleaving beta-pyranosidic linkages of 3
      deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic acid (KDO).
AB  - A bacteriophage growing on Escherichia coli K13, K20, and K23 strains carries a
      glycanase that catalyzes the hydrolytic cleavage of the beta-ketopyranosidic
      linkages of 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic acid (KDO) in the respective capsular
      polysaccharides. The main cleavage product of the K23 polysaccharide has been
      identified by 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy as beta beta Ribfl----7 beta KDOp2-
      --3-beta Ribfl----7KDO. Cleavage of polysaccharides containing alpha-pyranosidic,
      or 5-substituted beta-pyranosidic KDO is not catalyzed by the enzyme.

PMID- 3707580
TI  - P-45011 beta-dependent conversion of cortisol to cortisone, and 19
      hydroxyandrostenedione to 19-oxoandrostenedione.
AB  - Purified bovine adrenal P-45011 beta has been shown to catalyze conversions of
      cortisol to cortisone (11-oxidase activity), and 19-hydroxyandrostenedione to 19
      oxoandrostenedione (19-oxidase activity), in the reconstituted system consisting
      of NADPH, NADPH:adrenodoxin reductase, and adrenodoxin. The turnover numbers (mol
      of product formed/min/mol of P-450) were 1.2 for the 11-oxidase activity and 1.4
      for the 19-oxidase activity. No reactions took place when any one of the electron
      donating components were omitted either in the presence or in the absence of
      added NADP+. Likewise, rabbit antibody prepared against P-45011 beta
      immunoprecipitated the 11-oxidase activity with concomitant loss of
      deoxycorticosterone 11 beta-hydroxylase activity.

PMID- 3707581
TI  - Circular dichroism studies of cobalt substituted lentil lectin.
AB  - A recent method has been developed to effect metal ion substitution at the Mn2+
      site in the lentil lectin (Bhattacharyya et al. (1984) Biochem. Biophys. Res.
      Commun. 124, 857-862). We report here the preparation of cobalt substituted
      lentil lectin, containing Co2+ at the S1 site and Ca2+ at the S2 site. The cobalt
      derivative possesses full saccharide binding activity and can be used for
      spectroscopic studies. The near UV and visible CD spectra of the derivative are
      shown, and its spectral properties are compared with various cobalt complexes of
      concanavalin A.

PMID- 3707582
TI  - In vitro transcription of a chromatin-like complex of major core protein VII and
      DNA of adenovirus serotype 2.
AB  - Major core protein VII of adenovirus serotype 2 (Ad2) is thought to play a role
      as a histone octamer in eukaryotic cells. We compared the template activity of
      the VII-DNA complex formed in vitro with that of protein-free DNA. Hybridization
      assay of in vitro transcripts showed that transcription from regions located in
      the middle of Ad2 DNA decreased when Ad2 DNA formed a complex with VII. This
      suggests that the chromatin structure plays a role in regulation of transcription
      of the adenovirus genome.

PMID- 3707583
TI  - Stereochemistry of estrogen biosynthesis by a reconstituted aromatase cytochrome
      P-450 preparation from human placenta.
AB  - According to the literature, the multistep reaction mechanism of estrogen
      biosynthesis proceeds with stereospecific loss of the equatorial 1 beta-, and
      axial 2 beta-protons. These results were deduced from experiments carried out,
      either with crude microsomes, or at best with impure enzyme extracts. However,
      when [1,2- 3H]4-androstene-3,17-dione of known absolute 3H-label distribution was
      incubated with a reconstituted enzyme system, consisting of homogeneous NADPH
      cytochrome P-450 reductase and highly purified aromatase, we obtained results
      that can only be logically explained by a trans- and antiparallel elimination
      reaction of both the axially oriented C-2 beta-, and C-1-alpha protons. We
      further demonstrate that the reconstituted enzyme has an aromatase activity
      optimum at pH 7.2, and an apparent Km of 0.66 microM for NADPH and of 0.24 microM
      for 4-androstene-3,17-dione. Also, the enzyme requires 3 nmoles of NADPH for each
      nmole of estrogen that is formed.

PMID- 3707584
TI  - Evidence for differences in the steroid binding domains of the glucocorticoid
      receptor versus the idiotype antibody.
AB  - Triamcinolone acetonide (TA), coupled to bovine serum albumin, was used to obtain
      a polyclonal anti-TA antibody in the rabbit. This idiotype differed from rat
      glucocorticoid receptor and transcortin in several respects. RU 38486, a
      synthetic antagonist with high affinity for the receptor, could neither bind the
      anti-TA antibody nor displace the idiotype bound 3H-TA. Similarly,
      corticosterone, the natural rodent ligand, had no affinity for the idiotype.
      These results imply differences in the conformation and topology of the corticoid
      binding domains, contrary to the current notion where all agonists and
      antagonists would saturate an identical configuration.

PMID- 3707585
TI  - Micromolar concentrations of Zn2+ potentiates Ca2+-induced phase separation of
      phosphatidyl serine containing liposomes.
AB  - Fluorescence quenching of 1-acyl-2-[6[(7 nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4yl)
      amino]caproyl] phosphatidyl choline in small unilamellar vesicles consisting of
      phosphatidyl serine has been used to monitor the lipid phase separation induced
      by Zn2+ and Ca2+. Phase separation of vesicle membranes was observed with Zn2+ at
      concentrations as low as 125 microM. Low concentrations of Zn2+ required long
      incubation times to reach maximal quenching (120 minutes at 375 microM). When low
      concentrations of Ca2+ were added to the preparation during the developing phase
      of Zn2+-induced quenching, an explosive increase in fluorescence quenching was
      instantenously observed. Phase separation induced by sub-millimolar
      concentrations of Ca2+ could be increased at least 4 times when vesicles were pre
      incubated with 250 microM of Zn2+.

PMID- 3707586
TI  - Hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathy: the amyloid fibrils contain a protein
      which is a variant of cystatin C, an inhibitor of lysosomal cysteine proteases.
AB  - Hereditary Cerebral Hemorrhage With Amyloidosis is an autosomal dominant form of
      amyloidosis restricted to the cerebral vasculature. We have previously
      demonstrated that the amyloid protein subunit is similar to Cystatin C (or gamma
      trace), an inhibitor of lysosomal cysteine proteinases, and homologous to
      kininogens. High pressure liquid chromatography tryptic fingerprint analysis was
      developed to distinguish Cystatin C from the amyloid protein. Moreover, we
      isolated and sequenced tryptic peptides in which the differences were detected.
      The data prove that the amyloid protein is 10 residues shorter than Cystatin C
      and has one amino acid substitution at residue 58.

PMID- 3707587
TI  - Quantitation of elastin through measurement of its pentapeptide content.
AB  - Digestion of insoluble porcine elastin with thermolysin produces a number of
      discrete small peptides. That present in highest concentration is the
      pentapeptide valyl-glycyl-valyl-prolyl-glycine (VGVPG) derived from the portion
      of the polymer containing extensive repeats of this sequence. Among eukaryotes,
      this sequence appears to be found only in elastin and its precursor tropoelastin.
      In the pig this is represented by peptide W4 of a tropoelastin tryptic digest
      (Sandberg, L.B., et al. Path. Biol. 33, 266-274, 1985). Quantitation of this
      peptide by HPLC separation, monitoring its absorption at 212 nm, offers a simple
      reliable means of measuring purified insoluble elastin as well as non-purified
      elastin in fat-free tissue samples. Digestion times and incubation temperatures
      are discussed. The method is sensitive enough to accurately quantitate elastin at
      the 2 to 3 microgram level.

PMID- 3707588
TI  - Elevation of plasma CCK concentration after intestinal administration of a
      pancreatic enzyme secretion-stimulating peptide purified from rat bile-pancreatic
      juice: analysis with N-terminal region specific radioimmunoassay.
AB  - The rat plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) concentration was measured after intestinal
      administration of a peptide purified from rat bile-pancreatic juice, which has a
      stimulatory effect on pancreatic enzyme secretion. The plasma CCK concentration
      was measured by means of a radioimmunoassay using CCK-8 N-terminal specific
      antibody, OAL-656. In experimental rats with protease-free intestines,
      intraduodenal infusion of 10 micrograms of the purified peptide, which stimulates
      pancreatic enzyme secretion 2.0-2.5 fold, induced a significant increase in the
      plasma CCK level. Furthermore, after removal of CCK from the plasma by
      immunoabsorption with an OAL-656-bound Sepharose 4B column, the stimulatory
      effect of the plasma on pancreatic enzyme secretion was abolished when it was
      injected intravenously into recipient rats. It was concluded that this peptide
      stimulates the release of CCK in the intestine and that this is responsible at
      least in part for the pancreatic enzyme secretion-stimulating activity of the
      peptide.

PMID- 3707589
TI  - Effect of chronic administration of doxorubicin on cardiac adenylate cyclase
      activity in mice.
AB  - Cardiac adenylate cyclase activity was examined in mice treated chronically with
      doxorubicin. Mice received a subcutaneous dose of either 2 or 4 mg/kg doxorubicin
      twice weekly for 5 weeks. Mice were sacrificed five weeks after the last
      injection. Basal cardiac adenylate cyclase activity was significantly elevated in
      both the 2 and 4 mg/kg DXR-treated groups over the control level. GTP,
      isoproterenol (plus GTP), NaF, and forskolin stimulated activities in both the 2
      and 4 mg/kg DXR-treated groups were also significantly elevated over control
      levels.

PMID- 3707590
TI  - A new sialoglycoprotein from rat seminal vesicle and its association with semen
      coagulum.
AB  - By radiolabeling using NaIO4/[3H]KBH4, a new sialoglycoprotein with Mr of 19,000
      was found in the secretion of rat seminal vesicle. It was shown to interact non
      covalently with semen coagulum. It existed in three acidic forms with pI values
      of 4.1, 3.7 and 2.9 and possessed high contents of sialic acids and acidic amino
      acids.

PMID- 3707591
TI  - Content of thiamin phosphate esters in mammalian tissues--an extremely high
      concentration of thiamin triphosphate in pig skeletal muscle.
AB  - In relation to a high activity of thiamin diphosphate (TDP) kinase (Koyama, S. et
      al. (1985) Biochem. Int. 11, 371-380) in the skeletal muscle of pigs and guinea
      pigs, the content of thiamin phosphate esters in tissues of these animals has
      been determined by the method of high-performance liquid chromatography. An
      extremely high concentration of thiamin triphosphate (TTP), 69.2% of the total
      thiamin (26.1 nmol/g wet weight), was detected in adult pig skeletal muscles. One
      extreme case contained TTP as 88.7% of the total thiamin (19.6 nmol/g wet
      weight). TTP in pig skeletal muscle was found solely in cytosol fraction. This is
      the first report showing an unusually high level of TTP in mammals and may give a
      clue as to the physiological functions of TTP.

PMID- 3707592
TI  - 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine and azaserine as affinity inhibitors of
      glutamin(asparagin)ase.
AB  - Incubation of homogeneous glutamin(asparagin)ase from Pseudomonas aurantiaca with
      6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON) and azaserine leads to an almost complete
      inactivation of the enzyme. The inactivation process in both cases involves the
      step of reversible binding of the enzyme with the inhibitor into a complex and
      subsequent modification of the enzyme within this complex. The data on saturation
      of the enzyme by low concentrations of inhibitors, the protective effect of
      substrate and its analogs as well as of the competitive inhibitor and product of
      the enzymatic reaction, L-aspartate, suggest that the modification of functional
      groups takes place in the enzyme active site. The presence of essential threonine
      hydroxyl groups in/or near the enzyme active site is surmised.

PMID- 3707593
TI  - The locus of inhibition of NADH oxidation by benzothiadiazoles in beef heart
      submitochondrial particles.
AB  - 6-Chloro-1,2,3-benzothiadiazole (6-Cl-BTD) is an effective inhibitor of NADH
      oxidase (site I) but not of succinate oxidase in beef heart submitochondrial
      particles. For NADH oxidase activity maximal inhibition (80-85%) was achieved at
      0.75mM 6-Cl-BTD. A similar level of inhibition was also observed (half maximal
      inhibitory concentration 0.5mM) towards NADH-duroquinone reductase; NADH-juglone
      reductase was slightly inhibited (23%) at 0.5mM 6-Cl-BTD while NADH-ferricyanide
      reductase was unaffected. The data suggest that 6-Cl-BTD interacts with an
      electron transport site on the oxygen side of NADH dehydrogenase and inhibitory
      studies with 6-Cl-BTD and rotenone indicate that it might correspond with one of
      the two sites affected by rotenone. The substituted 1,2,3-benzothiadiazoles
      (BTDs) are perhaps best known for their activity as inhibitors of cytochrome P
      450-mediated mixed-function oxidation (MFO). In vitro, the BTDs are potent
      inhibitors of MFO activities in microsomes from mammalian liver and insect
      tissues and they have been demonstrated to inhibit aminopyrine metabolism in
      perfused rat liver. In vivo, they reportedly prolong hexobarbital sleeping time
      in mice, inhibit the irreversible binding of labeled trichloro-ethylene to
      microsomal protein and effectively enhance the toxicity (synergize) of pyrethrin,
      organophosphorus-containing and carbamate insecticides to insects.

PMID- 3707594
TI  - Cell-free biosynthesis of arphamenine A.
AB  - Arphamenine A was synthesized in a cell-free system obtained from the arphamenine
      producing strain, Chromobacterium violaceum BMG361-CF4. L-[14C]-phenylalanine was
      converted to beta-phenylpyruvic acid by phenylalanine amino-transferase obtained
      from the 10,000 x g supernatant (S10 fraction). [14C]-Benzylmalic acid was
      synthesized from beta-phenylpyruvic acid with [14C]-acetyl-CoA in the S10
      fraction. [14C]-Benzylsuccinic acid was formed from beta-phenylpyruvic acid with
      [14C]-acetyl-CoA and ATP in this fraction, as was [14C]-arphamenine A from
      benzylsuccinic acid and L-[14C]-arginine. Thus, the pathway of arphamenine A
      biosynthesis was confirmed by the cell-free biosynthesis of this antibiotic.

PMID- 3707595
TI  - Evidence for the association between total hepatic blood flow and hepatic
      glutathione content.

PMID- 3707596
TI  - Studies of the inactivation of human placental aromatase by 17 alpha-ethynyl
      substituted 10 beta-hydroperoxy and related 19-nor steroids.
AB  - The inactivation of human placental aromatase by 17 alpha-ethynyl-10 beta
      hydroperoxy-17 beta-hydroxy-4-estren-3-one (SCH 10015) was investigated. In
      either the presence or absence of added NADPH, SCH 10015 (Ki = 41 microM) caused
      a time-dependent loss of aromatase activity (e.g. 50% loss after 20 min with 20
      microM SCH 10015). Evidence for the oxidation of an active site sulfhydryl group
      as the molecular basis for SCH 10015 inactivation is presented. The contraceptive
      17 alpha-ethynyl-substituted 19-nor steroids, norethisterone (Ki = 48 microM) and
      norethynodrel (Ki = 38 microM), were evaluated and found not to inactivate
      aromatase, suggesting that the potential conversion of either compound to SCH
      10015 did not occur to a significant extent in these microsomal incubations. It
      is speculated that the previously observed potent contraceptive effects of SCH
      10015 may have been the result of irreversible inhibition of estrogen
      biosynthesis.

PMID- 3707597
TI  - Effects of glutathione and phenobarbital on the toxicity of codeinone.
AB  - The ability of sulfhydryl compounds to provide protection against the acute
      toxicity of codeinone, a toxic metabolite of codeine, was investigated in mice.
      Subcutaneous administration of codeinone produced a slight reduction in hepatic
      glutathione concentration. Pretreatment of the mice with glutathione or cysteine
      significantly increased the survival rate for mice given a lethal dose of
      codeinone (10 mg/kg). The lethality of codeine was lowered by naloxone, whereas
      that of codeinone was not blocked by naloxone. The strychnine-like convulsant
      action of codeinone could be prevented by phenobarbital pretreatment. Glutathione
      pretreatment reduced the amounts of radioactivity in tissues of mice injected
      with [N-methyl-3-H]codeinone. A possible explanation for these observations is
      that glutathione reacts in vivo with codeinone and plays a role as a scavenger of
      this compound. This assumption is supported by the observation that codeinone
      reacts non-enzymatically with glutathione under physiological conditions.

PMID- 3707598
TI  - Inhibition of liver glutathione S-transferase activity in rats by hypolipidemic
      drugs related or unrelated to clofibrate.
AB  - The effects of in vivo administration of six hypolipidemic drugs on rat liver
      glutathione S-transferase activity were compared. This activity was measured with
      sulfobromophthalein (BSP), 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene (DCNB) or 1-chloro-2,4
      dinitrobenzene (CDNB) as substrate. Except for the nicotinic acid derivative
      ethanolamine oxiniacate, all the compounds tested significantly reduced it,
      whether or not they were related to clofibrate. The hepatic glutathione
      concentration either remained unchanged or only increased slightly after
      treatment with the various drugs. When measured, the maximal excretion rate of
      bile BSP dropped significantly, but not that of phenol-3,6-dibromophthalein
      (DBSP). Hepatic dye uptake and storage were not impaired. These results show that
      hypolipidemic drugs of the peroxisome proliferator type inhibit rat liver
      glutathione S-transferase activity and may reduce transport of anions conjugated
      with glutathione before excretion.

PMID- 3707599
TI  - Comparative effects of 3,5-dimethyl-3'-isopropyl-L-thyronine (DIMIT) and 3,5
      diiodo-3'-isopropylthyroacetic acid (IpTA2) on body weight gain and lipid
      metabolism in genetically obese Zucker rats.
AB  - 3,5-Dimethyl-3'-isopropyl-L-thyronine (DIMIT) and 3,5-diiodo-3'
      isopropylthyroacetic acid (IpTA2), two thyroid hormone analogs, have been tested
      in genetically obese Zucker rats and their lean littermates, in comparison with
      thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) for their thyromimetic activities on
      body weight gain and lipid levels in serum and liver. The compounds were
      administered for 9 weeks by orogastric tube to 6- to 8-week-old animals. While
      body weight gain remained practically unchanged in the lean rats, it decreased
      significantly in the obese individuals, especially with IpTA2. The serum lipid
      concentrations were also decreased in the obese rats in comparison with their
      lean littermates, especially with DIMIT. The connection observed between the
      structure of DIMIT and IpTA2 on one hand and their effects on the other is in
      good agreement with previous studies. Our results confirm that the iodine
      substituents are not necessary for thyromimetic activity and demonstrate that the
      isopropyl substituent in 3' plays an important role in the serum lipid-lowering
      effect of the thyroid hormone analogs tested.

PMID- 3707600
TI  - Hepatic-mediated elevation and maintenance of metastatic tumor cell glutathione.
AB  - Metastatic migration of murine L1210 leukemia cells, sensitive and resistant to
      the antitumor agent L-phenylalanine mustard, from the peritoneal cavity of mice
      to the liver resulted in a 2-fold elevation in their GSH content. This increase
      in GSH was accompanied by a corresponding increase in their resistance to the
      drug. Cell surface binding studies with the non-penetrating disulfide, 6,6'
      dithiodinicotinic acid, indicated that both tumors isolated from the liver had a
      greater than 5-fold elevation in surface sulfhydryls when compared to their
      ascitic counterparts. These results indicate a role for the hepatic
      microenvironment in the maintenance of tumor cell GSH, drug responsiveness, and
      surface sulfhydryls.

PMID- 3707601
TI  - Interactions of diethylphenylphosphine with purified, reconstituted mouse liver
      cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase systems.
AB  - Purified mouse liver cytochrome P-450 reconstituted with purified NADPH
      cytochrome P-450 reductase and phosphatidylcholine metabolized
      diethylphenylphosphine to diethylphenylphosphine oxide. NADPH was required for
      the reaction and the amount of oxide formed was time and cytochrome P-450
      dependent. Purified phenobarbital-induced cytochrome P-450 produced more oxide
      per nmole enzyme than any of the purified uninduced cytochrome P-450s. the
      phosphine oxide was also formed in lesser amounts in incubation mixtures
      containing only NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase and NADPH.
      Diethylphenylphosphine bound to oxidized purified phenobarbital-induced
      cytochrome P-450 and uninduced cytochrome P-450 with Ks values of 16 microM and
      11-18 microM respectively. Diethylphenylphosphine was also a competitive
      inhibitor of p-nitroanisole O-demethylation catalyzed by a reconstituted
      phenobarbital-induced cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase system, with a Ki
      value of 5 microM. The phosphine oxide produced no observable optical difference
      spectrum with oxidized phenobarbital-induced cytochrome P-450 and caused no
      inhibition of p-nitroanisole O-demethylation.

PMID- 3707602
TI  - Age-related toxicity of paracetamol in mouse hepatocytes.
AB  - Hepatocytes from postnatal and adult mice were isolated by perfusion of the liver
      with a collagenase-containing bicarbonate buffer. These were allowed to attach to
      collagen-coated tissue culture dishes and were then examined for their
      susceptibility to paracetamol toxicity. After an 8 hr incubation in either 0.1 or
      1.0 mM paracetamol, the extent of lactate dehydrogenase leakage and depletion of
      glutathione were similar in hepatocytes from young (1-, 2- and 3-week-old) mice
      when compared to adult mice. The covalent binding of [14C]-paracetamol to protein
      was greater in the hepatocytes from young mice. The results indicate that while
      the amount of reactive metabolites free to react with cellular constituents is
      greater in hepatocytes from young mice, the amount of damage produced was not
      different than that found in those from adults.

PMID- 3707603
TI  - Metabolic activation of the serotonergic neurotoxin para-chloroamphetamine to
      chemically reactive intermediates by hepatic and brain microsomal preparations.
AB  - Para-chloroamphetamine (PCA) is selectively toxic to serotonergic neurons in
      laboratory animals. Acute, reversible neurotoxicity is followed by long-term
      effects which include inactivation of tryptophan hydroxylase and destruction of
      neurons. We have studied the metabolic formation of reactive intermediates that
      might be involved in long-term PCA neurotoxicity. Incubation of [3H]PCA with rat
      hepatic microsomes resulted in NADPH-dependent and oxygen-dependent covalent
      binding of radioactivity to microsomal protein. Addition of SKF-525A and
      glutathione to incubation mixtures inhibited [3H]PCA covalent binding 30% and 92%
      respectively. No inhibition of radiolabeled covalent binding was observed in an
      atmosphere of carbon monoxide/oxygen (80/20). 7,8-Benzoflavone was more effective
      than metyrapone in inhibiting [3H]PCA covalent binding. The extent of [3H]PCA
      covalent binding to microsomal protein was unchanged after phenobarbital
      pretreatment of rats, whereas 3-methylcholanthrene pretreatment increased [3H]PCA
      covalent binding (175%). NADPH-dependent and oxygen-dependent covalent binding of
      radioactivity was also observed when [3H]PCA was incubated with rat brain
      microsomal preparations. Addition of SKF-525A and glutathione to incubation
      mixtures inhibited covalent binding 10 and 40% respectively. There were no
      significant differences in total, NADPH-independent or NADPH-dependent covalent
      binding of radiolabeled R,S(+/-)-, R(-)-, or S(+)-PCA to rat hepatic microsomal
      protein. Less covalent binding was observed when [3H]amphetamine was incubated
      with rat liver microsomal preparations as compared to results with [3H]PCA.
      Minimal covalent binding was observed when [3H]PCA was incubated with liver
      microsomal preparations from rabbits, a species resistant to PCA neurotoxicity.
      Results of these metabolism studies are consistent with the hypothesis that
      oxidative metabolic activation of PCA to reactive and toxic metabolites is
      related to the long-term neurotoxicity of this agent.

PMID- 3707604
TI  - Epygid (2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-oxypyridine): a new agent for selective suppression of
      membrane-associated polypeptide chain translation in the brain.

PMID- 3707605
TI  - Effect of the cholangiographic agent, ioglycamide, on the beta-glucuronidase
      activity in rat liver and bile: relevance with regard to bilirubin deconjugation.

PMID- 3707606
TI  - The incorporation of palmitic acid into lipids in the rat after treatment with
      oleylanilide.

PMID- 3707607
TI  - Sexually dimorphic response of rat hepatic monooxygenases to low-dose
      phenobarbital.

PMID- 3707608
TI  - Boron uptake in melanoma, cerebrum and blood from Na2B12H11SH and Na4B24H22S2
      administered to mice.

PMID- 3707609
TI  - Interactions of gold coordination complexes with DNA.
AB  - The interactions of certain gold(I) and gold(III) complexes with isolated plasmid
      pBR322 DNA were defined and compared to those of cis
      diamminedichloroplatinum(II), CDDP, using an agarose gel electrophoresis assay.
      Trichloro(pyridine)gold(III) appeared to bind to DNA as evidenced by its ability
      to produce dose-dependent changes in the electrophoretic mobilities of closed
      circular, supercoiled, closed circular, relaxed, and open circular plasmid DNAs.
      These effects suggest that the gold containing complex induces conformational
      changes in the plasmid as a result of the compound binding to the DNA and the
      subsequent unwinding of the double helix and shorting of the DNA. Auranofin
      [(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-1-thio-beta-D-glucopyranosato-S)-triethyl phosphine
      gold(I)] did not appear to interact with DNA under any conditions. However, its
      analog chloro(triethylphosphine) gold(I) interacted with DNA at pH 9.5 in borate
      buffer and produced electrophoretic mobility changes in pBR322 DNA which were
      different from those produced by the gold(III) complexes that were evaluated.
      Binding of chloro(triethylphosphine) gold(I) was inhibited by the co-addition of
      the thiosugar portion of auranofin suggesting preferential binding of the gold
      moiety to thiosugar, which results in the production of auranofin (or a sugar
      containing) gold complex and inhibition of gold binding to DNA. The interactions
      of a number of gold compounds with DNA were also evidenced by their abilities to
      inhibit the binding of ethidium bromide to DNA. The results from these studies
      indicate that: gold containing complexes can bind to, and produce conformational
      changes in, DNA; gold(I) and gold(III) complexes may interact with DNA via
      different chemical mechanisms to produce different conformational changes in DNA;
      and certain coordinating ligands in gold complexes (e.g. Cl, Br and SCN) can be
      exchanged for binding sites on DNA by gold.

PMID- 3707610
TI  - Inter-strand cross-links and single-strand breaks produced by gold(I) and
      gold(III) coordination complexes.
AB  - The ability of gold coordination complexes to bind to DNA and produce inter
      strand cross-links in DNA was assessed in an assay system based on the
      fluorescence properties of the DNA intercalative dye, ethidium bromide. Results
      from these studies using a variety of gold(I) and gold(III) complexes suggest
      that the ability of gold complexes to bind to and produce inter-strand cross
      links in DNA is not dependent on the oxidation state of gold in the complex but
      is influenced by the nature of the coordinating ligands. Those complexes in which
      the gold was ligated through one or more weakly coordinating ligands showed
      evidence for DNA binding. However, only those complexes with two or more of these
      relatively weak coordinating ligands produced inter-strand cross-links. Both the
      amount of binding to and cross-linking of DNA by these compounds were decreased
      by treatment of the gold-DNA complex with 2-mercaptoethanol and other thiol
      containing agents. As shown by agarose gel electrophoresis, 2-mercaptoethanol
      caused a dissociation of the gold-DNA complexes and a regeneration of closed
      circular superhelical pBR322 DNA. DNA strand breakage also resulted from
      treatment of a number of gold-DNA complexes with 2-mercaptoethanol; this was
      observed with the gold compounds which were shown to produce inter-strand cross
      links in DNA. The amount of DNA strand breakage produced by treatment of gold-DNA
      complexes with 2-mercaptoethanol was influenced by the initial conformation of
      the DNA; gold-DNA complexes which resulted from the binding of gold compounds to
      covalently closed superhelical DNA were more sensitive to the breakage induced by
      2-mercaptoethanol treatment than those complexes in which closed circular,
      relaxed DNA was used as substrate. The DNA breakage was not reduced in partially
      anaerobic conditions or by free-radical scavengers, suggesting that it is not
      mediated by oxygen. The results are discussed with respect to the potential for
      the interaction of gold complexes with intracellular DNA and chromatin and their
      biological implications.

PMID- 3707611
TI  - Metabolism of T-2 toxin by rat liver carboxylesterase.
AB  - The trichothecene T-2 toxin was rapidly hydrolyzed by rat liver microsomal
      fraction into HT-2 toxin which was the main metabolite. The metabolism was
      completely blocked by paraoxon, a serine esterase inhibitor, but not affected by
      EDTA or 4-hydroxy mercury benzoate, inhibitors of arylesterase and esterases
      containing SH-group in active site, respectively. Among the serine esterases
      carboxylesterase (EC 3.1.1.1), but not cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) hydrolysed T-2
      toxin to HT-2 toxin. Carboxylesterase activity from liver microsomes was
      separated into at least five different isoenzymes by isoelectric focusing, and
      only the isoenzyme of pI 5.4 was able to hydrolyse T-2 toxin to HT-2 toxin. The
      toxicity of T-2 toxin in mice was enhanced by pre-treatment with tri-o-cresyl
      phosphate (TOCP), a specific carboxylesterase inhibitor. This confirms the
      importance of carboxylesterase in detoxification of trichothecenes.

PMID- 3707612
TI  - Inhibition of hepatic glutathione transferases by propylthiouracil and its
      metabolites.
AB  - The effects of propylthiouracil (PTU) and its metabolites on the activity of GSH
      transferases were examined using rat liver cytosol. PTU inhibited the enzyme
      activity toward both CDNB and DCNB in a concentration-dependent manner. At the
      concentration of 10 mM, PTU caused 25% inhibition, which was the maximum effect.
      PTU derivatives such as propyluracil and thiouracil showed the same effect as the
      parent compound. On the other hand, S-oxides of PTU such as PTU-SO2 and PTU-SO3,
      which were chemically synthesized by the oxidation of PTU, were more potent
      inhibitors of GSH transferases than the parent PTU. A significant inhibition was
      observed at a concentration of 0.1 mM of PTU S-oxides. At a concentration of 10
      mM the S-oxides caused an 80% inhibition of the enzyme activity. PTU inhibited
      the transferase activity by competing with GSH but the S-oxides of PTU acted by
      another mechanism. In contrast to the effect on GSH transferases, PTU-SO3 had a
      weak inhibitory effect on GSH peroxidase activity. Thus, oxidation of PTU leads
      to products which are potent inhibitors of GSH transferases.

PMID- 3707613
TI  - Role of propiolaldehyde and other metabolites in the pargyline inhibition of rat
      liver aldehyde dehydrogenase.
AB  - The metabolism of pargyline proceeds by way of three separate cytochrome P-450
      catalyzed N-dealkylation reactions: N-depropargylation, N-demethylation and N
      debenzylation. Propiolaldehyde, a product of N-depropargylation, is a potent
      inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase (AlDH). The formation of pargyline-derived
      propiolaldehyde by isolated rat liver microsomes in vitro was confirmed using gas
      chromatographic/mass spectrometric techniques. The measured rates of
      propiolaldehyde formation for uninduced and phenobarbital-induced microsomes in
      vitro were 0.2 +/- 0.03 and 0.9 +/- 0.2 mumole/30 min/g wet weight liver
      respectively. However, these rates may have been artificially low due to
      competition between semicarbazide, the trapping agent, and microsomal proteins
      for the generated propiolaldehyde. CO significantly inhibited the microsome
      catalyzed N-depropargylation reaction in vitro, whereas CoCl2 pretreatment of
      rats partially blocked the pargyline-induced rise in blood acetaldehyde after
      ethanol. Inhibition of the low Km liver mitochondrial AlDH by propiolaldehyde in
      vitro exhibited first-order kinetics, which is consistent with irreversible
      inhibition. Acetaldehyde did not attenuate the inhibition of AlDH by
      propiolaldehyde in vitro or by pargyline in vivo. Propargyl alcohol, a substance
      which is metabolized to propiolaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase, also inhibited
      AlDH in vivo and caused a quantitatively similar rise in blood acetaldehyde after
      ethanol as pargyline. Other putative metabolites of pargyline, namely benzylamine
      and propargylamine, inhibited AlDH in vivo, albeit to a lesser degree than
      pargyline, but neither of these amines inhibited AlDH directly. Monoamine oxidase
      was implicated in the conversion of benzylamine to an active inhibitory species,
      possibly an imine. From these studies, we conclude that propiolaldehyde was the
      primary metabolite responsible for the pargyline inhibition of AlDH in vivo;
      however, certain amine metabolites may have contributed to a lesser degree by
      conversion to yet unknown inhibitory forms.

PMID- 3707614
TI  - Inhibition of hepatic microsomal drug metabolism by the immunosuppressive agent
      cyclosporin A.
AB  - Cyclosporin A (CsA), an orally active immunosuppressive agent, was shown to
      inhibit cytochrome P-450 dependent biotransformation of drugs in the mouse. It
      competitively inhibited the hydroxylation of benzo[a]pyrene and the N
      demethylation of aminopyrine in hepatic microsomes with Ki values of 93 and 1540
      microM respectively. This selective inhibition for benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase by
      CsA was substantiated in vivo by selective inhibition of total body clearance of
      theophylline, but not of antipyrine. CsA was itself N-demethylated by hepatic
      microsomes with a Km of 808 microM. CsA interacted directly with cytochrome P
      450, causing a reverse type I spectral change in hepatic microsomes. No metabolic
      intermediate complexes could be demonstrated. These results suggest that CsA has
      the potential to cause drug interactions involving inhibition of drug
      biotransformation, particularly of drugs that are metabolised by the same types
      of cytochrome P-450 which oxidise benzo[a]pyrene and theophylline.

PMID- 3707615
TI  - AGN 2979 [3(3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-4, 4-dimethylpiperidine
      2,6-dione]. An inhibitor of the activation of tryptophan hydroxylase.
AB  - AGN 2979 [3-(3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-4, 4-dimethylpiperidine
      2,6-dione] blocked the increase in tryptophan hydroxylase activity that occurred
      when slices of brainstem were exposed to a depolarizing medium or to agents that
      mobilize intracellular pools of calcium, but it had no effect on the activity of
      enzyme prepared from slices of brainstem incubated in control medium. AGN 2979
      also blocked the calcium-calmodulin-dependent activation of tryptophan
      hydroxylase that was seen when supernatant preparations of the enzyme were
      exposed to phosphorylating conditions but not the activation induced by calcium
      dependent proteases that was triggered by millimolar calcium concentrations. An
      identical pattern of inhibition has been found with the antipsychotic drugs,
      haloperidol and fluphenazine [Boadle-Biber, Biochem. Pharmac. 31, 2495 (1982)].
      The sensitivity to the same inhibitors of both the activation of tryptophan
      hydroxylase produced by pretreatment of brainstem slices and that induced by
      incubation of supernatant preparations of enzyme under phosphorylating conditions
      suggests involvement of a common mechanism of enzyme activation in response to
      these different treatments.

PMID- 3707616
TI  - Changes in cytochrome P450 molecular species in rat liver in chloroform
      intoxication.
AB  - The effect of CHCl3 on the composition of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450
      species was compared with that of CCl4 in rats pretreated with phenobarbital (PB)
      or 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC). The administration of CHCl3 hardly affected
      cytochrome P450 content in non-treated rat liver, but caused a similar degree of
      depletion in the content as observed after CCl4 administration in PB-pretreated
      rats. In the pretreatment with 3MC, the administration of CHCl3 brought about a
      marked decrease in the content to 24% of control after 12 hr, while CCl4 reduced
      the content only to one-half of control. It was demonstrated by SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Whatman DE-52 anion-exchange
      chromatography that 3MC-induced P450 species decreased with CHCl3, while it was
      affected little by CCl4 treatment. The activity of benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase was
      altered together with the change in the content of cytochrome P450 species. The
      administration of CHCl3 to PB-pretreated rats caused the depletion in PB-induced
      P450. These findings indicate that cytochrome P450 species induced with 3MC as
      well as PB are highly susceptible to CHCl3 intoxication, whereas the
      administration of CCl4 depletes the PB-induced species without affecting the 3MC
      induced species.

PMID- 3707617
TI  - Destruction of cytochrome P-450 and formation of green pigments by contraceptive
      steroids in rat hepatocyte suspensions.
AB  - The contraceptive steroid norethindrone caused a rapid time and dose-dependent
      loss of cytochrome P-450 from rat hepatocytes in suspension cultures. Up to 30%
      of this cytochrome was lost in the first 5 min of incubation; longer incubations
      resulted in little further loss even though not all the steroid was metabolised
      and the cells remained viable. Such cultures were used to investigate the
      formation of N-alkylated porphyrins (green pigments) which could be extracted
      from cell incubation mixtures following exposure to norethindrone and separation
      by HPLC or TLC. The number of N-alkylated porphyrins formed was dependent both on
      the time of incubation and the concentration of steroid. After 1 min, 1 major
      green pigment (GP1) was resolved using either high (0.3 mM) or low (0.03 mM)
      norethindrone concentrations. With longer incubation times (60 min), at high
      steroid concentrations, only one additional polar adduct (GP2) was formed. At
      lower steroid levels, 3 more polar components (GP2, 3 and 4) were seen. As judged
      by HPLC or TLC, GP1 corresponds to the pigment formed in microsomal preparations
      incubated with norethindrone in vitro, while GP2, 3 and 4 correspond to the
      pigments extracted from the livers of rats administered this steroid in vivo.
      Pretreatment of rats with either phenobarbitone or 3-methylcholanthrene induced
      cytochrome P-450s. Relative to controls, phenobarbitone pretreatment also
      resulted in a greater accumulation of green pigments in hepatocytes incubated
      with norethindrone, the more polar forms of green pigments (GP3 and 4), showing a
      disproportionate increase in concentration. The mixed function oxidase inhibitor
      SKF 525-A or high concentrations of steroid not containing an ethynyl function,
      e.g. norethandrolone, when added to cell cultures containing norethindrone,
      preferentially inhibited the formation of GP3 and 4. When purified green pigments
      were added to cell incubation mixtures in the absence of norethindrone,
      preferentially inhibited the formation of GP3 and 4. When purified green pigments
      were added to cell incubation mixtures in the absence of norethindrone, no
      interconversion of one form to another could be demonstrated. The results suggest
      that the more polar norethindrone-protoporphyrin IX adducts (GP2, 3 and 4) arise
      as a result of metabolic modification of norethindrone rather than the
      protoporphyrin IX moiety, either prior to or after activation of the ethynyl
      function. The formation of several green pigment components in hepatocyte
      suspensions was not unique to norethindrone but occurred with a number of other
      17-ethynyl-substituted steroids.

PMID- 3707618
TI  - Metabolic activation of olefins. Conversion of 1-octene to a putative reactive
      intermediate 1-octen-3-one: an alternative pathway to epoxidation.
AB  - The enzymic activation of a model olefin oct-1-ene was studied in rat liver
      microsomal systems in vitro. An active metabolite was trapped using N
      acetylcysteine and identified by means of capillary GLC/mass spectrometry and 360
      MHz 1H NMR as S-3-oxo-octyl-N-acetylcysteine. A two step pathway for the
      formation of this adduct was proposed involving first the production of oct-1-en
      3-ol by NADPH dependent mixed function oxidases and secondly a NADP or NAD linked
      oxidation, independent of cytochrome P-450, to yield the putative reactive
      intermediate oct-1-en-3-one. Under physiological conditions, oct-1-en-3-one,
      prepared chemically, reacted non-enzymically with N-acetylcysteine with a t1/2 of
      about 6 sec. Enzymes catalysing the NADP-dependent oxidation of octen-3-ol were
      present in microsomal preparations from a number of organs apart from the liver,
      those from adrenal and intestinal epithelia showing the next highest levels of
      activity. Unlike the activation of octene, rates of hepatic activation of octen-3
      ol were not induced by pretreatment of rats with phenobarbitone or 3
      methylcholanthrene. Using 1-octene as the substrate, comparisons were made of
      alternative routes of hepatic metabolism activation. Relative to the rate of
      formation of the 3-oxo intermediate trapped with N-acetylcysteine, epoxidation of
      octene and subsequent hydrolysis to octane-1,2-diol was over 40 times more rapid.
      The rate of formation of a presumptive oxirane precursor trapped with the haem of
      cytochrome P-450 as N-(2-hydroxyoctyl)protoporphyrin IX was about 17-fold lower.

PMID- 3707619
TI  - Dependence of benzo[a]pyrene metabolic profile on the concentration of cumene
      hydroperoxide with uninduced and induced rat liver microsomes.
AB  - The effect of cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) in microsomal metabolism of benzo
      [a]pyrene (BP) was studied using liver microsomes from mature male Wistar rats
      induced with phenobarbital (PB), 3-methylcholanthrene (MC), Aroclor 1254 or olive
      oil (uninduced). In contrast to NADPH-supported metabolism, these inducers did
      not increase the CHP-dependent metabolism. Total BP metabolism was dependent on
      CHP concentration and was maximal at 0.15 mM, except for PB-induced microsomes,
      which had a maximum at 0.5 mM CHP. At 0.05 mM CHP, the major metabolites were
      phenols. However, increasing CHP concentration enhanced the formation of
      dihydrodiols, quinones and protein-bound BP but reduced phenol production. At and
      above 0.15 mM CHP, the profile of BP metabolites was essentially constant, with
      at least 66% quinones but no more than 10% phenols. The effect of CHP on
      inhibition of phenol formation and enhancement of quinone formation was reversed
      by preincubation of microsomes with BP or by increasing BP concentration. These
      results suggest that CHP-dependent metabolism of BP is selectively mediated by
      constitutive cytochrome P-450 isozyme(s) and that two forms of BP binding sites
      exist in cytochrome P-450 isozymes and are responsible for the hydroxylation of
      BP at C-3 and C-6.

PMID- 3707620
TI  - Reevaluation of the products of tryptamine catalyzed by rabbit liver N
      methyltransferases.

PMID- 3707621
TI  - Butyrylcholinesterase inhibition by miracil D and other compounds.

PMID- 3707622
TI  - Reserpine inhibition of lipid peroxidation and protein phosphorylation in rat
      brain.

PMID- 3707623
TI  - Structural assignment of an N-glucuronide metabolite of the phenylethanolamine N
      methyltransferase (PNMT) inhibitor 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-7-sulfonamide
      by 15N-NMR.

PMID- 3707624
TI  - Organ distribution of glutathione transferase isoenzymes in the human fetus:
      differences between liver and extrahepatic tissues.

PMID- 3707625
TI  - Effects of gold therapy on the synthesis and quantity of serum and synovial fluid
      IgM, IgG, and IgA rheumatoid factors in rheumatoid arthritis patients.
AB  - Eleven patients with active rheumatoid arthritis were monitored prospectively
      while receiving up to 1 gm of gold sodium thiomalate. There was a significant
      decrease in serum and synovial fluid IgG, IgA, and IgM rheumatoid factor (RF)
      levels over the period of study. Comparison of changes in serum RF and total
      immunoglobulin levels indicated a selective effect on RF production. These
      observations were supported by changes in the spontaneous in vitro production of
      IgM-RF and total IgM by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Studies of synovial
      membrane synthesis showed a downward trend in immunoglobulin and RF production,
      but this did not reach statistical significance. A differential effect on the
      various RF classes was also noted. The most profound effect was on IgM-RF
      production; whereas, changes in IgG-RF production were least affected. These
      results suggest a selective and differential effect of gold salts on RF
      production.

PMID- 3707626
TI  - A multicenter study of annual health service utilization and costs in rheumatoid
      arthritis.
AB  - The economic impact of chronic illness has important implications for medical
      practice and health policy. To determine the yearly costs of illness for those
      who have rheumatoid arthritis, a detailed, self-administered questionnaire was
      developed. The questionnaire was completed by 940 patients. Direct costs
      (recorded as charges) include the average annual expenditures by all patients and
      third party payers for: hospital care ($913), physician costs ($206), other
      health professional visits ($71), medications ($436), laboratory tests ($217),
      radiographs ($116), assistive devices ($24), and nontraditional therapies ($22).
      The total annual medical costs per patient were $2,533. In a multivariate
      analysis that controlled for age, sex, education, and disease duration, the
      outpatient costs, inpatient costs, and total costs were all positively related to
      the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (P f less than 0.01) and
      global health (P f less than 0.01), but were not associated with self-reported
      pain.

PMID- 3707627
TI  - The development of disability in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Six hundred eighty-one consecutive patients with rheumatoid arthritis were
      followed for an average of 11.9 years to identify initial factors that predicted
      subsequent disability. Of 39 potentially predictive variables obtained at study
      onset and studied by stepwise regression methods, age was found to be the most
      powerful single predictor of disability, followed by radiologic grade, sex, and
      initial functional class. The worst prognosis for disability was found in
      patients who were older women and who showed radiologic worsening and developed
      functional impairment early in the disease course. Both disability and radiologic
      progression of disease were found to develop most rapidly during the first years
      after disease onset and to assume a slow, nearly linear rate of increase after 10
      years. Approximately 10% of patients did not develop significant disability. This
      study suggests that it is possible to identify, early in the disease course,
      those patients who are likely to develop severe disability, and that "disease
      modifying" therapy might well be initiated earlier in such patients and used
      consistently throughout the subsequent treatment.

PMID- 3707628
TI  - Further evidence for the lack of association between acetylator phenotype and
      systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - An association between host acetylator phenotype and idiopathic systemic lupus
      erythematosus (SLE) has been sought for over a decade, without a definitive
      result. We have observed that the frequency of the slow acetylator phenotype was
      similar in 64 patients with idiopathic SLE (38%), 60 healthy volunteers (50%),
      and 52 non-SLE medical service patients (44%). The slow acetylator phenotype was
      not more frequent among subgroups of the SLE patients defined by demographic
      features or specific manifestations of disease. Our results, as well as a
      majority of previously published results, do not provide evidence for an
      association between acetylator phenotype and idiopathic SLE.

PMID- 3707629
TI  - Pulmonary hypertension in the CREST syndrome variant of systemic sclerosis.
AB  - Pulmonary hypertension (PHT) occurred in 59 (9%) of 673 systemic sclerosis
      patients seen between 1963 and 1983. In 30 patients, all with the CREST syndrome
      (calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly,
      telangiectasias), the pulmonary hypertension was isolated, i.e., independent of
      other pulmonary or cardiac conditions. In 20 patients, isolated PHT was
      demonstrated by cardiac catheterization. All had normal or only mildly decreased
      lung volumes, and mild or no pulmonary interstitial fibrosis on chest
      roentgenogram. In comparison with 287 CREST syndrome patients without PHT, these
      20 patients had markedly reduced diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO)
      (mean 39% of predicted normal). In 6 patients, the low DLCO antedated clinical
      evidence of PHT by 1-6 years. At autopsy there was marked intimal fibrosis with
      hyalinization and smooth muscle hypertrophy in the small- and medium-sized
      arteries, without significant parenchymal fibrosis or inflammation. Patients with
      isolated PHT did not respond favorably to vasodilators and had a very poor
      prognosis, with a 2-year cumulative survival rate of 40%. A DLCO less than 45% of
      predicted in the absence of pulmonary interstitial fibrosis may be an important
      predictor of the subsequent development of isolated PHT.

PMID- 3707630
TI  - Interstitial lung disease in scleroderma. Immune complexes in sera and
      bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.
AB  - Interstitial lung disease is a common feature of scleroderma (systemic
      sclerosis), and it may be a major determinant of morbidity and mortality.
      Analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with scleroderma has shown
      evidence of inflammation in the lower respiratory tract of many patients. We have
      analyzed sera and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from scleroderma patients for the
      presence of immune complexes, which may play a role in the inflammatory process.
      Using a solid-phase C1q enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we detected immune
      complexes in the sera of 6 of 23 patients (26%) and in none of 32 controls (P
      less than 0.01). All 6 patients with serum immune complexes had inflammatory
      cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and the presence of serum immune complexes
      correlated with the percentage of neutrophils in lavage fluid (P less than 0.02).
      Immune complexes were detected in lavage fluid of 11 of 21 patients (52%)
      compared with 1 of 7 normal controls (14%). Subjects having immune complexes in
      lavage fluid had a lower forced vital capacity than did those without lavage
      fluid immune complexes (P less than 0.05). The levels of immune complexes in
      bronchoalveolar lavage fluid exceeded those in serum by a mean of 45-fold,
      suggesting either local formation or selective deposition of immune complexes in
      the lower respiratory tract of some scleroderma patients.

PMID- 3707631
TI  - An experimental model for hydrogen peroxide-induced tissue damage. Effects of a
      single inflammatory mediator on (peri)articular tissues.
AB  - Hydrogen peroxide is receiving increasing attention as a mediator of tissue
      damage during inflammation. To evaluate its destructive potential in vivo, we
      devised a model in which hydrogen peroxide is, initially, the sole mediator of
      tissue damage. Glucose oxidase, which was made cationic to obtain good retention
      in tissue, was injected intraarticularly in mouse knee joints. This enzyme
      produces hydrogen peroxide, using endogenous glucose as a substrate. The local
      production of hydrogen peroxide induced drastic vascular damage, as measured by
      99mTc uptake and leakage of 125I-albumin. The chondrocyte proteoglycan synthesis
      was severely inhibited, as measured by 35SO4 incorporation. Histologic
      examination showed impressive inflammatory and degenerative changes, including
      periarticular infiltration, chondrocyte death, subchondral erosions, and muscle
      necrosis. Intraarticular administration of catalase could inhibit these vascular
      effects and cartilage damage. Systemic administration of ebselen, a synthetic
      glutathione peroxidase-like compound, provided partial protection. Indomethacin
      and piroxicam were not effective in the acute phase. We think this model is
      useful both for testing drugs that are purported to act as scavengers of hydrogen
      peroxide and for studying chronic destructive processes.

PMID- 3707632
TI  - Dietary fish oil reduces progression of established renal disease in (NZB x
      NZW)F1 mice and delays renal disease in BXSB and MRL/1 strains.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that dietary marine lipids containing large
      quantities of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, administered to (New Zealand black
      X New Zealand white)F1 and MRL-lpr/lpr mice before the development of renal
      disease, reduce the severity of glomerulonephritis in mice of these strains. The
      present study demonstrated that delayed administration of a marine lipid diet,
      25% menhaden oil (MO) by weight, until after the onset of overt renal disease,
      also resulted in significant improvement in rates of mortality, proteinuria, and
      histologic evidence of glomerular injury, compared with control animals fed a
      diet that contained mostly saturated fatty acids, 25% beef tallow. The MO diet
      also reduced the histologic severity of renal disease in male BXSB/MpJ and male
      MRL-lpr/lpr mice. In contrast, necrotizing vasculitis was more frequent in small
      and medium-sized renal arteries of the MRL-lpr/lpr mice fed MO than in those fed
      beef tallow (33.4% versus 7.6%, respectively).

PMID- 3707633
TI  - D-penicillamine-induced polymyositis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Among 329 patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with D-penicillamine (DP),
      we found 4 cases of polymyositis. This incidence was significantly higher than
      the expected coincidence of rheumatoid arthritis and polymyositis/dermatomyositis
      or than the presumed frequency of this complication among patients treated with
      DP. In the present report, we summarize and discuss the clinical findings in DP
      induced polymyositis/dermatomyositis in our patients and others described in the
      literature.

PMID- 3707634
TI  - Necrotizing systemic vasculitis with features of both Wegener's granulomatosis
      and Churg-Strauss vasculitis.
AB  - We describe a patient who had nasal biopsy-demonstrated eosinophilic vasculitis
      and renal biopsy-demonstrated necrotizing glomerulonephritis with tissue
      eosinophilia. Despite corticosteroid therapy, the patient's renal function
      deteriorated, and nodular pulmonary infiltrates developed. Both conditions
      responded dramatically when cyclophosphamide was added to the treatment regimen.
      The renal disease activity was monitored with the aid of cytodiagnostic
      urinalysis, a technique of limited, albeit well-established, validity in
      monitoring renal allograft patients for signs of tissue rejection. This technique
      provided an improved, semi-quantitative method for examining urine sediment and,
      in this patient, was helpful as a measure of renal disease activity.

PMID- 3707635
TI  - Acute gout presenting in the manubriosternal joint.
AB  - A 54-year-old black man developed acute pain and swelling of the manubriosternal
      joint. Acute gouty arthritis was diagnosed by arthrocentesis and polarizing
      microscopy. The histology of the manubriosternal joint and its involvement in
      other arthritides are briefly discussed.

PMID- 3707636
TI  - The negative charge of articular cartilage surfaces.

PMID- 3707637
TI  - Cyclosporin A is effective, but not safe, in the management of Behcet's disease.

PMID- 3707638
TI  - Do spray coolant anesthetics contaminate an aseptic field?

PMID- 3707639
TI  - Ibopamine.

PMID- 3707640
TI  - Synthesis and chemical properties of ibopamine and of related esters of N
      substituted dopamines--synthesis of ibopamine metabolites.
AB  - The therapeutic usefulness of intravenously infused dopamine in congestive heart
      failure and in shock prompted us to synthesize a wide series of 3,4-O-diesters of
      dopamine and N-substituted derivatives to obtain an orally active dopamine-like
      prodrug having adequate absorption and duration of action. The pharmacological
      results and in particular, the hemodynamic studies in the dog led to the
      selection of ibopamine, i.e. the 3,4-diisobutyryl ester of N-methyldopamine and
      to its development as a useful drug for the chronic treatment of congestive heart
      failure. The choice of ibopamine from among several analogs was also influenced
      by other favourable properties such as good chemical stability in pharmaceutical
      formulations and in the biopharmaceutical phases of the absorption, and fast
      enzymatic activation of the prodrug by plasma and peripheral tissue esterases;
      the latter property appeared desirable to avoid any accumulation in the central
      nervous system and consequent undesired side effects. The isomeric mixture of 3-O
      and 4-O-isobutyrates of N-methyldopamine as well as the main conjugated
      metabolites, i.e. the 3-O- and 4-O-sulphate and 4-O-beta-glucuronide of N
      methyldopamine were synthesized as analytical references in metabolic studies and
      for the investigation on their pharmacokinetic and pharmacological properties.
      Dopamine O-sulphates were also prepared using the methods developed for the
      corresponding N-methyl derivatives.

PMID- 3707641
TI  - Effects of ibopamine on systemic, pulmonary and regional hemodynamics.
      Experimental investigations in anesthetized dogs.
AB  - The effects of a new orally effective dopamine-like derivative, ibopamine (SB
      7505), the 3,4-diisobutyryl ester of N-methyldopamine, on the cardiovascular
      system were investigated in anesthetized dogs. Ibopamine increased dose
      dependently stroke volume index, cardiac index, left ventricular pressure, its
      first derivative: dP/dt, peak velocity left ventricular ejection and renal blood
      flow. After beta-blockade the positive inotropic effect of ibopamine is
      inhibited. Total peripheral resistance and renal vascular resistance decreased
      after ibopamine. Urine output was increased dose-dependently, reaching 115% after
      ibopamine 8 mg/kg intraduodenally. Coronary and femoral flows and resistance did
      not change after administration of 4 and 8 mg/kg. Only very high doses (24 mg/kg)
      caused an increase in flow and resistance. Mesenteric flow decreased transiently
      and then returned to the previous level or increased considerably over the basal
      figures when a high dose was used. No significant changes or fall in heart rate
      were observed with doses up to 16 mg/kg and no significant changes in pulmonary
      resistance were noted. The data obtained from the present investigation show,
      however, that oral ibopamine is capable of producing most of the effects induced
      by intravenously given dopamine in anesthetized dogs. Ibopamine's cardiac and
      renal effects may open new prospects for the long-term treatment of chronic heart
      failure in human subjects.

PMID- 3707642
TI  - Effect of ibopamine on diuresis in conscious rats in normal and experimentally
      altered conditions.
AB  - Diuretic effect of orally administered ibopamine (SB-7505), the 3,4-diisobutyryl
      ester of N-methyldopamine, was studied in normally hydrated and in experimentally
      oliguric rats. In normal rats ibopamine proved to be active in increasing urine
      volume as well as sodium and chlorine excretion. The diuretic effect set in
      rapidly and reached the maximum in the first 2 h after treatment; repeated daily
      treatment constantly increased urine and ions excretion. Ibopamine proved to be
      more active in oliguric than in normal rats; when administered orally in
      combination with furosemide it maintained its diuretic effect, which was
      additional to that of furosemide. Possible ibopamine interaction with
      antidiuretic hormone and sodium reabsorption as well as its use also in
      combination with diuretic agents in renal failure are discussed.

PMID- 3707644
TI  - Effects of ibopamine on acute cardiac failure following experimental coronary
      occlusion in dogs.
AB  - The activity of ibopamine (SB-7505), the 3,4-diisobutyryl ester of N
      methyldopamine, on myocardial contractility and systemic and renal hemodynamics
      was investigated in the anesthetized dog with experimental infarction,
      instrumented with catheters and electromagnetic flowmeters. Ibopamine, given by
      the intraduodenal route at a dose of 24 mg/kg, was effective in improving the
      hemodynamic parameters depressed by myocardial infarction, in particular
      myocardial contractility and renal hemodynamics. In eliciting such activity which
      resembles that developed by dopamine in similar experimental conditions,
      ibopamine seems to meet the requirements of an orally active pharmacological
      agent useful in the therapy of acute heart failure.

PMID- 3707643
TI  - Activity of ibopamine on central nervous system in mice and rats.
AB  - Ibopamine (SB-7505), the 3,4-diisobutyryl ester of N-methyldopamine has proved to
      be able to induce cardiovascular and renal effects after oral administration
      which were comparable to those of dopamine injected intravenously. In the present
      paper ibopamine was investigated on some behavioural, motility and biochemical
      tests with a view to assaying its possible activity on the central nervous system
      (CNS). The results obtained show that ibopamine has no significant activity on
      CNS.

PMID- 3707645
TI  - Ibopamine, an orally active dopamine-like drug: metabolism and pharmacokinetics
      in rats.
AB  - Ibopamine (SB-7505), the 3,4-diisobutyrylester of N-methyldopamine (epinine), was
      rapidly hydrolyzed to epinine by plasma esterases of rat as well as of other
      animal species and man. Ibopamine was rapidly and extensively metabolized after
      oral administration to rat. Plasma levels of free epinine peaked at 30-60 min
      from the administration; conjugated epinine was present in larger amount, with a
      maximum at 3 h. Both free and conjugated epinine were still detectable at 6 h,
      but not at 24 h. Epinine 4-O-glucuronide, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylacetic acid
      and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid appeared as main urinary metabolites; epinine
      3-O-sulphate, epinine 3-O-methylether and its glucuronide, and trace amounts of
      epinine 4-O-sulphate were also detected.

PMID- 3707646
TI  - Ibopamine, an orally active dopamine-like drug: metabolism and pharmacokinetics
      in dogs.
AB  - Ibopamine (SB-7505), the 3,4-diisobutyryl ester of N-methyldopamine (epinine),
      exerts, on oral administration, cardiovascular effects similar to those of
      intravenously infused dopamine. Plasma levels and urinary excretion of
      metabolites were investigated in dogs after oral administration of 4 mg/kg of
      ibopamine hydrochloride. Epinine, which was readily formed from ibopamine by
      esterases hydrolysis, was present in plasma in free and sulphate-conjugated form.
      The urinary metabolites after 6 h from the administration amounted to 62% of the
      dose, as a sum of 37% of epinine 3-O-sulphate, and 15 and 10% of 4-hydroxy-3
      methoxyphenylacetic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, respectively, both
      in free and conjugated form. When the main metabolite, epinine 3-O-sulphate, was
      administered intravenously it appeared to be excreted in urine without being
      deconjugated to any detectable extent, while it appeared to be partially
      deconjugated on oral administration.

PMID- 3707647
TI  - Ibopamine kinetics after a single oral dose in healthy volunteers.
AB  - In order to describe kinetics after single administration and to test dose
      independence in the therapeutic dose range, ibopamine (SB-7505), the 3,4
      diisobutyrylester of N-methyldopamine (epinine), was given orally to six healthy
      volunteers at multiple dose levels in a cross-over fashion. Doses employed were
      50, 100 and 200 mg with a wash-out period of at least three days between doses.
      Plasma levels were studied after the 100 mg dose, and urinary recoveries of the
      major metabolites were measured after each dose. After oral intake of ibopamine,
      both conjugated and free epinine were detectable in plasma at the earliest
      sampling times (i.e. 5-10 min), with a hybrid absorption half-life of 0.25 h.
      Peak plasma concentration mean values of total and free epinine were 33 mumol/l
      and 35 nmol/l, respectively, and mean time to plasma peak concentration was 1.5
      and 0.71 h, respectively. 24-h urinary recovery of conjugated epinine,
      homovanillic acid and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid accounted for about two thirds
      of the dose, without dose-dependent mechanisms affecting total elimination.
      Presystemic sulfate conjugation as a potentially saturable metabolic step at
      higher dose levels is discussed, although evidence was not found of its
      saturation in the studied dose range.

PMID- 3707648
TI  - Evaluation of acute hemodynamic effects and pharmacokinetic behaviour of
      ibopamine in patients with severe heart failure.
AB  - The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the acute hemodynamic
      effects of a single oral dose of 200 mg ibopamine (SB-7505), the 3,4-diisobutyryl
      ester of N-methyldopamine (epinine) in 11 patients with congestive heart failure
      (CHF) and to compare the influence of dopamine infusion and oral ibopamine on
      left ventricular function. Free and conjugated epinine plasma levels were also
      investigated in these patients and in a group of healthy volunteers to evaluate
      the correlation between epinine plasma levels and hemodynamic effects. The oral
      administration of 200 mg ibopamine to patients with CHF, increased cardiac index
      (+35%) and reduced peripheral and pulmonary vascular resistance (-29% and -26%)
      without modifying heart rate and systemic or pulmonary arterial pressure. The
      hemodynamic effect reached its maximum at about 90 min and was still present at
      240 min. Ibopamine at a dose of 200 mg elicited similar effects to those observed
      with dopamine, 2-4 micrograms/kg/min. The pharmacokinetic behaviour of ibopamine
      in these patients was similar to that observed in a group of healthy volunteers.
      Free epinine plasma levels peaked at 30-60 min and decreased rapidly, thus
      showing a shorter time course than the hemodynamic effects.

PMID- 3707649
TI  - Comparison of the acute hemodynamic effects of ibopamine and dopamine in chronic
      congestive heart failure.
AB  - The acute hemodynamic effects of ibopamine (SB-7505), the 3,4-diisobutyryl ester
      of N-methyldopamine which can be administered orally, were compared with those of
      dopamine. Ten male patients aged 54 years on average, with chronic congestive
      heart failure in NYHA (New York Heart Association) classes II-IV were studied.
      Eight of them were suffering from idiopathic congestive cardiomyopathy and two
      from ischemic cardiopathy. Baseline hemodynamic parameters were recorded within
      24 h after withdrawal of previous treatment, the patients being kept on digitalis
      only. The investigation was carried out for a period of 3 days running. On day 1
      of treatment one group of 5 patients were given dopamine at increasing doses of
      2, 4 and 6 micrograms/kg/min. Their hemodynamic parameters were assessed 15 min
      after each dose and 15 and 60 min after withdrawal of the drug. Ibopamine was
      then administered orally in single doses of 50 mg on day 2 and 100 mg on day 3.
      The hemodynamic parameters were evaluated at 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 360 and 480
      min after administration. On day 1, another group of 5 patients were given 50 mg
      ibopamine, on day 2, 100 mg ibopamine and on day 3, dopamine. Hemodynamic data in
      this group of patients were evaluated at the same times mentioned above. The
      hemodynamic effects of ibopamine 100 mg are very similar to those obtained with 4
      micrograms/kg/min dopamine. Indeed, the effects of both drugs on the cardiac
      index, right atrial pressure, peripheral and pulmonary vascular resistance do not
      differ significantly from each other.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3707650
TI  - Hemodynamic evaluation of ibopamine in patients with refractory congestive heart
      failure.
AB  - Ibopamine (SB-7505), the orally active 3,4-diisobutyryl ester of N
      methyldopamine, was investigated at doses ranging from 1.09 to 2.34 mg/kg in 12
      patients suffering from refractory congestive heart failure. In 7 patients
      ibopamine produced favorable effects, increasing cardiac index (+35%), stroke
      volume index (+27%), stroke work index (+30%) and decreasing systemic vascular
      resistances (-15%), total pulmonary resistances (-20%), pulmonary arteriolar
      resistances (-28%), whereas in 5 patients it was ineffective. Transient adverse
      reactions occurred in 3 patients.

PMID- 3707651
TI  - The diisobutyryl ester of N-methyldopamine, ibopamine: evaluation of
      electrophysiological properties and arrhythmogenicity studies.
AB  - The electrophysiological properties of ibopamine (SB-7505), the 3,4-diisobutyryl
      ester N-methyldopamine, was evaluated in 8 patients with syncopes of unknown
      etiology or with suspected disease of the sinus node or due to I-II degree AV
      block. A complete electrophysiological examination, including atrial and
      ventricular stimulation, was performed both in baseline conditions and within 1 h
      after oral administration of ibopamine 200 mg in a single dose. The study showed
      a slight reduction in effective refractory periods in the right atrium (-4.26%),
      the atrio-ventricular node (-6.45%) and the right ventricle (-6.79%) after
      ibopamine. Ibopamine was not found to facilitate the occurrence of atrial and/or
      ventricular arrhythmias. A 24-h dynamic Holter ECG performed in baseline
      conditions and during administration of ibopamine 200 mg t.i.d. showed no changes
      in baseline heart rate, nor was any increase in the number of atrial or
      ventricular extrasystoles detectable. It may therefore be concluded that
      ibopamine, when administered at the above dosages to the patients studied, does
      not modify heart rate or sinus function parameters to a statistically significant
      extent. It also reduces effective refractory periods in the right atrium, in the
      atrioventricular node and in the right ventricle without inducing or facilitating
      the occurrence of atrial or ventricular arrhythmias.

PMID- 3707652
TI  - Hemodynamic evaluation during exercise test after acute and chronic ibopamine
      treatment in patients with congestive heart failure.
AB  - The hemodynamic effects of ibopamine (SB-7505), the orally active 3,4
      diisobutyryl ester of N-methyldopamine, were studied in 12 patients with
      congestive heart failure (CHF) after acute dosing, after 20 days of maintenance
      therapy and after 20 days of drug discontinuation. Acute ibopamine administration
      increased at rest cardiac index (CI p less than 0.05) and stroke work index (SWI
      p less than 0.05), and reduced pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), mean
      pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), total systemic (SVR p less than 0.05) and
      pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). These beneficial hemodynamic effects were
      maintained during supine bicycle exercise: CI and SWI increased more markedly (p
      less than 0.05) and PCWP increased at a lower extent (p less than 0.05) after
      ibopamine than on control conditions. PVR exhibited a more pronounced decrease (p
      less than 0.02), while SVR showed superimposable reductions before and after
      ibopamine. After chronic therapy with the drug, hemodynamics and left ventricular
      function again improved during exercise, while withdrawal of ibopamine resulted
      in hemodynamic deterioration. Heart rate and systemic arterial pressure did not
      change significantly after the drug. This study demonstrates that ibopamine is
      able to improve cardiac performance during exercise in CHF patients after both
      acute and chronic administration.

PMID- 3707653
TI  - Effects of digoxin, placebo and ibopamine on exercise tolerance and cardiac
      rhythm of patients with chronic post-infarct left ventricular failure.
AB  - This study compares the effects of digoxin, placebo and ibopamine (SB-7505), the
      orally active 3,4-diisobutyryl ester of N-methyl-dopamine, on exercise tolerance
      and cardiac rhythm of 14 patients whose left ventricular heart failure (end
      diastolic pressure, 26.3 +/- 5.9 mmHg; ejection fraction, 0.42 +/- 0.10%)
      depended on a previous myocardial infarction. Patients were admitted to the study
      while on chronic oral digoxin treatment (serum levels between 1.1 and 1.9 ng/ml).
      Placebo instead of digoxin was given for the following month. Thereafter
      ibopamine 50 mg t.i.d. for one month was given. A sequence of one-month
      treatments with digoxin, placebo and ibopamine was repeated, then ibopamine was
      administered continuously for the next two months. The concurrent treatment
      (diuretics in all patients, nitroderivates in twelve, calcium antagonists in two)
      remained unchanged during the observation period. Symptoms-limited exercise tests
      and 24-h Holter recordings were obtained at admission, at the end of each one
      month treatment and at the end of the observation period. Two patients developed
      unstable angina without increase of serum creatine phosphokinase while on
      ibopamine and were withdrawn. Out of the 12 patients that concluded the trial,
      one required supplementary doses of diuretic at the end of the second period on
      placebo. The results obtained during the trial suggest that: a) therapeutic
      plasma levels of digoxin have no deleterious effect on cardiac rhythm nor
      significantly increase exercise tolerance as compared with placebo; b) diuretics
      and nitrates appear to sustain the clinical stability of these patients as a
      group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3707654
TI  - Effects of ibopamine on peripheral hemodynamics: a strain gauge plethysmographic
      study in patients with congestive heart failure.
AB  - Peripheral hemodynamics were studied using strain gauge plethysmography in
      patients with congestive heart failure after administration of ibopamine (SB
      7505), the orally active 3,4-diisobutyryl ester of N-methyldopamine, a
      dopaminergic agonist, and of sulpiride, a specific dopaminergic antagonist. 50 mg
      of sulpiride were administered parenterally in 12 patients 3 h after a single
      oral dose of 150 mg of ibopamine. Ibopamine increased significantly resting
      arterial blood flow and venous capacity and decreased peripheral resistance.
      Sulpiride was found to significantly counteract the activity of ibopamine.

PMID- 3707655
TI  - Multicenter study on the clinical efficacy of chronic ibopamine administration.
AB  - The purpose of this multicenter study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of
      ibopamine (SB-7505), the 3,4-diisobutyrylester of N-methyldopamine, chronically
      administered to patients with severe congestive heart failure (CHF) in whom
      traditional therapy had been ineffective. 55 patients chronically treated with
      cardiac glycosides and diuretics were assigned to an investigation covering three
      stages each lasting 7 days. Stage A: continuation of traditional therapy
      (glycosides and diuretics). Stage B: addition of ibopamine to the
      glycoside/diuretic therapy. Stage C: withdrawal of ibopamine. Heart rate, blood
      pressure, body weight, diuresis and 8 target symptoms of CHF (clinical scores)
      and hematochemical parameters were recorded throughout the three stages. The
      addition of ibopamine to traditional therapy led to a significant improvement. By
      contrast, after ibopamine had been withdrawn patients worsened. No hematochemical
      parameters were modified during the trial. None of the patients experienced any
      significant side-effects.

PMID- 3707656
TI  - Monitored long-term treatment with ibopamine in patients suffering from severe
      congestive heart failure.
AB  - 50 patients with congestive heart failure underwent monitored long-term treatment
      aimed at evaluating the effect of ibopamine (SB-7505), the 3,4-diisobutyryl ester
      of N-methyldopamine, on their condition. Ibopamine was administered alone or in
      combination with traditional therapy mainly at a dose of 100 mg t.i.d. Clinical
      scores and NYHA (New York Heart Association) functional classes improved.
      Biochemical parameters showed no adverse modifications. Mild transient side
      effects probably related to ibopamine occurred in two patients.

PMID- 3707657
TI  - A survey of 311 patients receiving ibopamine mainly during hospital treatment for
      severe congestive heart failure.
AB  - From a monitored release of ibopamine, the 3,4-diisobutyryl ester of N
      methyldopamine, during the early Italian marketing of the drug a collection of
      311 individual cases was formed. The cases were reported by 168 cardiologist
      practitioners, self-selected for having a therapeutic interest in the inotropic
      properties of ibopamine and in trying it out in patients with mostly severe,
      refractory congestive heart failure (CHF). Most patients were monitored during a
      hospital admission for worsened CHF. After clinical reassessment and other drugs'
      adjustment, ibopamine was added and the patient followed-up for 20 days in
      hospital with regular recording of scored signs and symptoms, arterial pressure,
      heart rate, body weight, and any clinical event--adverse or beneficial.
      Concomitant drugs were also recorded. Global assessment of efficacy was mostly
      positive, with "ineffective" rates of only 15.9% (doctors) and 14.2% (patients).
      In the absence of a control group, it is impossible to determine to what extent
      the foregoing was really due to ibopamine or to the rest of the therapeutic
      policy. However, the fact that most of the severe cases had been refractory to
      prior treatment, and that they individually carried a grave prognosis on
      admission, do seem to point to real ibopamine-related benefit. The high rate of
      symptomatic benefit perceived by the patients would also seem likely to be drug
      related. Heart rate after the ibopamine-including regimen was significantly lower
      than before. Systolic and diastolic arterial pressures also tended to decrease,
      especially in CHF of hypertensive etiology.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3707658
TI  - An improved synthesis of 3-hydroxymethylantipyrine using antipyrine as starting
      material.
AB  - A partly new synthesis of 3-hydroxymethylantipyrine, an important metabolite of
      antipyrine in man and therefore frequently used as a reference substance, is
      described. The use of tri-n-butyltin hydride to reduce the vinyl bromide system
      in 3-hydroxymethyl-4-bromoantipyrine is the main improvement, since it enables
      the isolation of salt-free 3-hydroxymethylantipyrine in an almost quantitative
      yield.

PMID- 3707659
TI  - In vitro cytostatic activity of chromatographic fractions of extracts from some
      species of compositae.
AB  - Three species of the family of Compositae were extracted, partitioned and
      fractioned on silica gel column. The chromatographic fractions were investigated
      for cytostatic activity in vitro against human KB (human carcinoma of
      nasopharynx) cell line. The most interesting results were obtained with the first
      eight fractions of Senecio inaequidens DC, chloroformic extract, which showed
      marked cytostatic activity and appeared worthy of further investigations.

PMID- 3707660
TI  - [Detection and quantitative determination of lectins and viscotoxins in mistletoe
      preparations].
AB  - Mistletoe lectins and viscotoxins, which up to now have been isolated only from
      plant material, were detected and quantitatively determined in the mistletoe
      preparation Iscador and in a fermented mistletoe extract. Lectins were isolated
      by affinity chromatography and analyzed by isoelectric focussing. Thus, in
      Iscador and in the fermented mistletoe extract only the mistletoe lectins ML
      II/III were found whereas typical proteins of the ML I complex were missing. The
      lectin content of the preparation and the extract was determined by "single
      radial immunodiffusion" (SRID). For identification and quantitative determination
      of viscotoxins, a HPLC method was designed.

PMID- 3707661
TI  - Differences in the in vitro effectiveness of preparations produced from
      mistletoes of various host trees.
AB  - The in vitro effectiveness of three Helixor preparations produced from mistletoes
      of different host trees on suspension cell cultures of the human leukemia cell
      line Molt 4 has been compared by means of dose-response investigations. After 72
      h treatment the preparation produced from mistletoes of the appletree (Malus)
      shows the strongest effect on the growth and viability of the cell cultures. The
      preparation produced from mistletoes of the fir (Abies) shows also an evident but
      much weaker effect, whereas the preparation produced from mistletoes of the pine
      (Pinus) causes a weak effect only at a very high dosage. As shown in 24-h
      incorporation experiments with 3H-labelled DNA-, RNA- and protein precursors the
      preparation produced from mistletoes of the apple-tree reduces the protein
      synthesis of the cells to a greater extent than the DNA-and RNA-synthesis.

PMID- 3707662
TI  - [Determination of trimethoquinol in plasma by electrochemical detection after
      HPLC separation].
AB  - A high pressure liquid chromatographic method with internal analogue
      standardization for the determination of trimethoquinol (1-1-(3,4,5
      trimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoq uinoline hydrochloride) in
      plasma is described. The method comprises extraction from plasma at pH 9 with
      ethyl acetate, back-extraction into phosphoric acid and quantification after HPLC
      separation using a reverse phase by means of electrochemical (reductive)
      detection after electrochemical preoxidation. When using 5 ml plasma the lower
      limit of detection is 40 pg/ml. Under routine conditions the limit of
      determination is determined to be 0.1 ng/ml. The variation coefficients drop from
      about 7% in the low range to about 4% at 5 ng/ml. The determination of
      trimethoquinol is not impaired by its monomethylated metabolites.

PMID- 3707664
TI  - Excretion and metabolism of intramuscularly administered [14C]-haloperidol
      decanoate in rats.
AB  - Urinary, fecal and biliary excretion, together with enterohepatic circulation, of
      radioactivity were studied after intravenous (50 mg eq/kg) and intramuscular (5
      and 50 mg eq/kg) administration of [14C]-haloperidol decanoate in rats. The
      composition of urinary and biliary metabolites was also examined. The rate of
      excretion after intravenous administration lowered rapidly with the half-life of
      about 1.5 days and about 95% of dose was excreted in excreta within 10 days.
      Shortly after intramuscular administration, the rate of excretion lowered rapidly
      but then more gradually later (half-lives after administration of 5 and 50 mg
      eq/kg were 16.4 and 11.2 days, respectively). About 90% of dose was excreted
      within 42 days after intramuscular administration. About 1.6% of dose/day was
      excreted in the bile during 15-17 days after intramuscular administration, of
      which about 30% was reabsorbed within 24 h (enterohepatic circulation). The major
      urinary metabolite was p-fluorophenylaceturic acid and the biliary metabolite,
      glucuronide and sulfate of haloperidol. No unchanged decanoate was detected in
      the excreta.

PMID- 3707663
TI  - Disposition and metabolism of [14C]-haloperidol in rats.
AB  - Absorption, distribution, excretion and metabolism of [14C]-haloperidol in rats
      were studied after administration of 5 mg/kg. After oral and intramuscular
      administration, plasma levels of [14C]-haloperidol radioactivity reached the
      maximum at 1 h and decreased biphasically. The biphasic elimination was also
      observed after intravenous administration. The area under plasma level-time curve
      (AUC) from 0 to 24 h after intramuscular and oral administration was 110 and 87%
      of AUC after intravenous route, respectively. After intramuscular administration,
      levels of radioactivity in all tissues examined were higher than plasma and blood
      levels at 1 h. The lung, Harderian gland, pancreas, kidney, liver, spleen and
      adrenal had higher levels than other tissues. Most of tissue levels decreased
      virtually with similar half lives to plasma level and lowered to less than 1
      microgram eq/g at 48 h, when negligible recoveries were found in most tissues.
      Findings concerning distribution obtained by whole-body autoradiography
      essentially agreed with those by above radiometry. Levels in the placenta and
      fetus in the pregnant rat were similar to each other and obviously higher than
      maternal blood level at 1 h after intramuscular administration but no
      radioactivity was seen in fetus at 48 h. In the lactating rat, milk levels were
      several times as high as plasma levels and decreased virtually in parallel with
      plasma levels after intramuscular administration of [14C]-haloperidol. Within 96
      h after intramuscular administration, about 99% of administered radioactivity was
      excreted in urine (about 46%) and feces (about 53%), respectively. About 54% of
      radioactivity was excreted in the rat bile within 48 h after intramuscular
      administration. Administration of the bile obtained and thus containing [14C]
      haloperidol radioactivity into the duodenum revealed that partial enterohepatic
      circulation occurred. After intramuscular administration, plasma contained p
      fluorobenzoylpropionic acid and p-fluorophenylaceturic acid with comparable
      concentrations to unchanged haloperidol. Haloperidol alone could be detected in
      the brain. The liver, kidney, lung and submaxillary gland were also analyzed for
      their metabolites. Their metabolite compositions differed from each other.
      Unchanged haloperidol concentration was much higher in all tissues examined than
      that in plasma. The major urinary and biliary metabolite was p
      fluorophenylaceturic acid and conjugates (glucuronide and sulfate) of
      haloperidol, respectively.

PMID- 3707665
TI  - Cardioprotective actions of a new calcium channel blocker in acute myocardial
      ischemia.
AB  - The ability of anipamil, a calcium channel blocker, to protect ischemic
      myocardial tissue was investigated in pentobarbital anesthetized cats. Two bolus
      injections of anipamil (1.0 mg/kg i.v.) or their vehicle (i.e., 95% ethanol) were
      given 30 and 150 min post-ligation of the left anterior descending coronary
      artery. Anipamil significantly reduced the elevated S-T segment elevation and T
      wave amplitude suggesting a moderating influence on cellular ischemia. The drug
      also significantly blunted the loss in myocardial creatine kinase activity and
      amino-nitrogen concentrations from ischemic myocardial tissue, compared to cats
      receiving only the vehicle. These changes are suggestive of a cardioprotective
      effect of this calcium channel blocker. Since no significant change in the
      pressure rate index was seen with anipamil, a decrease in myocardial oxygen
      demand does not appear to be the major mechanism of the cardioprotective action
      of the agent. Therefore, anipamil protected the heart from ischemic damage,
      possibly by a direct cytoprotective action.

PMID- 3707666
TI  - Studies on the metabolism of propafenone. 3rd Comm.: Isolation of the conjugated
      metabolites in the dog and identification using fast atom bombardment mass
      spectrometry.
AB  - The metabolism and urinary and biliary excretion of propafenone (2-(2'-hydroxy-3'
      propylamino-propoxy)-omega-phenyl-propiophenone hydrochloride) were studied in
      the dog. Approximately 20% of the dose was excreted in 24 h with the urine and
      about 65% with the bile. Propafenone was extensively metabolized. Less than 4% of
      the dose was recovered unchanged in urine and bile. The metabolites were mainly
      excreted as conjugates. Free metabolites accounted for less than 20% of the dose.
      Separation methods were developed to isolate and purify the conjugated
      metabolites. Fractionation on an Al2O3-column yielded a sulphate and a
      glucuronide fraction, further separation and purification was done by TLC and
      HPLC. Positive and negative ion fast atom bombardment mass spectra (FAB/MS) were
      obtained of the purified glucuronides. The structures of two hydroxylated
      propafenone derivatives and two O-methylated catechol-like derivatives were
      definitely proven by FAB/MS, the glucuronic acid moiety being conjugated to the
      hydroxyl function in the different aromatic rings. Two isomeric propafenone
      glucuronides were found in the bile, probably diastereomeric forms of the O
      glucuronide. Thus FAB/MS proved to be a complementary method to electron impact
      ionization mass spectrometry (EI/MS) for studying drug metabolism. The structures
      of free and conjugated metabolites can be defined from the combination of both
      mass spectrometric techniques.

PMID- 3707667
TI  - Antiarrhythmic vs. antifibrillatory activity of the basic diphenylhydantoin
      derivative 3-[3-(4-phenyl-1-piperidyl)propyl]-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5
      phenylhydantoin hydrochloride.
AB  - The effects of 3-[3-(4-phenyl-1-piperidyl)propyl]-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5
      phenylhydantoin hydrochloride (TR 2985), a basic diphenylhydantoin derivative,
      were studied in four canine models of experimental cardiac dysrhythmias. In
      conscious dogs, 48 h after myocardial infarction, TR 2985 significantly reduced
      the frequency of spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias. However, in anesthetized
      dogs, TR 2985 produced only a slight and insignificant increase in the
      ventricular fibrillation threshold. In conscious dogs, 4 to 7 days after
      myocardial infarction, TR 2985 failed to prevent the electrical induction of
      reentrant ventricular tachycardia, and failed to protect against the development
      of ventricular fibrillation in response to ischemia at a site distant from the
      previous infarction. These results indicate that TR 2985 may be effective in
      preventing arrhythmias of a non-reentrant nature, but may be relatively
      ineffective in preventing reentrant ventricular tachycardia or ventricular
      fibrillation.

PMID- 3707668
TI  - Effects of cephacetrile on reproduction cycle.
AB  - The research of possible effects of cephacetrile (Celospor) on the reproductive
      function was carried out on two animal species, rats and rabbits. The animals
      were divided into experimental groups, each treated subcutaneously with different
      amounts of cephacetrile (50, 100 and 500 mg/kg/die), control group receiving
      physiological solution. Effects of the preparation on fertility and post-natal
      growth in rats were analyzed, and trials were performed to test perinatal
      toxicity and teratogenesis in rabbits. From the observation of the experimental
      data collected it can be assumed that cephacetrile, administered subcutaneously
      in the given doses--1, 2 and 10 times, respectively, higher than the maximum
      therapeutic dose advisable--does not alter fertility, gestation and post-natal
      development of term foetuses of rats and fertility and gestation of rabbits.

PMID- 3707669
TI  - [Pharmacokinetic studies and bioavailability of bendroflumethiazide in
      combination with spironolactone].
AB  - An intraindividual comparative multiple-dose study (6 days) was carried out under
      controlled conditions on 10 healthy volunteers in order to establish the
      bioavailability of bendroflumethiazide (Bft; 3-benzyl-6-trifluoromethyl-7
      sulfamyl-3,4-dihydro-1,2,4-benzoth iad iazine-1, 1-oxide), the sum of the
      fluorogenic metabolites of spironolactone (3-[3-oxo-7-alpha-acetylthio-17 beta
      hydroxy-4-androstene-17-alpha-yl]-propionic acid-gamma-lactone) and canrenone,
      the main spironolactone metabolite from a fixed combination of Bft with
      spironolactone vs. the commercial preparations of the single drugs. Canrenone was
      assayed from plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) whereas Bft
      and the total aldosterone antagonistically acting spironolactone metabolites were
      determined fluorometrically. Both the fixed and the monosubstance formulation can
      be considered as bioequivalent for canrenone and the total fluorescence. Bft, in
      contrast, shows a reduced systemic availability of 61% when administered as the
      single drug formulation. A 2-compartment model was taken as the basis for the
      calculation of the steady-state plasma concentration curves and the
      pharmacokinetic parameters of Bft, canrenone and the sum of the fluorogenic
      spironolactone metabolites. Following oral multiple administration of 2.5 mg Bft
      (b.i.d.), the terminal elimination half-life, the steady-state volume of
      distribution and the total plasma clearance were determined to be 8.6-8.2 h, 0.88
      l/kg and 269.4 ml/min, resp. In contrast to Bft, the AUC(120,tlast)-values for
      post-steady-state elimination, starting with the final spironolactone dose on day
      6 were comparable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3707670
TI  - Absorption of cholesterol and beta-sitosterol from cigarette smoke in Macaca
      mulatta.
AB  - When smoke from single cigarettes containing [4-14C]cholesterol or beta-[4
      14C]sitosterol was delivered to the lungs of Rhesus macaques, plasma contained
      radiolabeled sterols up to 50 days later. Since cholesterol, as well as plant
      sterols (campesterol, stigmasterol and beta-sitosterol), are normally present in
      cigarette smoke, our observations suggest that protracted absorption of sterols
      occurs after cigarette smoking.

PMID- 3707671
TI  - Influence of bezafibrate on plasma lipoproteins, biliary lipids and fecal sterols
      in healthy men.
AB  - The effect of a 4-week treatment with 600 mg/day of bezafibrate in addition to a
      low-cholesterol, fat-modified diet on plasma lipids and lipoproteins and on
      biliary lipids and fecal sterols was investigated in 12 healthy men aged 25-39,
      and compared to the effect of the diet plus placebo, using a double-blind
      crossover design. The comparison of placebo and treatment values indicated that
      bezafibrate, beyond the effect of the diet, significantly lowered concentrations
      of circulating triglycerides (-25.5%), total cholesterol (-25.8%), LDL
      cholesterol (-19.5%), and apolipoprotein B (-19.9%), and increased apolipoprotein
      A-II concentrations in serum (+15.0%). There was a tendency towards lower biliary
      bile acid and cholesterol secretion rates with bezafibrate; lithogenic indices in
      fasting and stimulated bile were similar with the drug and placebo. Fecal bile
      acid excretion rate with diet plus bezafibrate was significantly less than with
      diet plus placebo. The data obtained are in accord with the hypothesis that
      bezafibrate exerts its effects on cholesterol and bile acid metabolism
      predominantly by decreasing VLDL secretion, possibly through an enhancement of
      fatty acid beta-oxidation in the liver.

PMID- 3707672
TI  - Nutrients, platelet function and composition in nine groups of French and British
      farmers.
AB  - In 260 male farmers (40-45 years) divided into 9 groups from different areas in
      France and Britain, coagulation, platelet aggregation, lipemia, fatty acids from
      plasma lipids and platelet phospholipids were determined in relation to the food
      intake evaluated by recall, weighing and chemical analysis of the diet. The
      clotting activity of platelets and their response to thrombin aggregation was
      significantly correlated on an individual basis with the intake of saturated
      fatty acids both in subsamples as well as in the whole study. Serum cholesterol
      was also significantly correlated with saturated fats but only on a group basis
      or on the totality of the study. Calcium, linolenic acid and alcohol in the diet
      were inversely related to certain platelet functions. Linoleic acid was inversely
      related to serum cholesterol and triglycerides. Dietary saturated fats were
      associated, with an increase in the platelet phospholipids not in saturated fatty
      acids but in 20:3 (n-9), known to promote platelet aggregation to thrombin, with
      a decrease in platelet cholesterol, also apparently regulating platelet
      functions. The present studies indicate that dietary saturated fats, calcium
      (hard water) and alcohol, influence platelet behaviour in a way strictly parallel
      to their known effect on coronary heart disease.

PMID- 3707673
TI  - The biochemical composition of haemodynamically-stressed vascular tissue. Part 2.
      The concentrations of protein and connective tissue components in the salt
      extracts of experimental arteriovenous fistulae.
AB  - Arteriovenous fistulae were fashioned between the right external jugular vein and
      the right common carotid artery in seven experimental sheep, which were then
      grazed for periods up to 4.25 years. Since the morphological changes in the
      tissue resemble human atherosclerosis, some of the changes in the extractable
      protein components in this model were studied. In the experimental venous tissue
      there was a 1.5-2.5 fold increase in salt-soluble protein. The concentration of
      extractable collagen was 1.5 times higher in the salt extracts of the
      experimental veins. The concentration of elastin in the extracts from
      experimental venous tissue was higher than for the sham-operated veins but the
      experimental arteries yielded lower levels than the contralateral arteries.

PMID- 3707674
TI  - Effects of pantethine on cholesterol synthesis from mevalonate in isolated rat
      hepatocytes.
AB  - Results presented here show that when isolated rat hepatocytes are incubated with
      increasing concentrations of [2-14C]mevalonolactone, incorporation of the
      substrate into cholesterol is progressively reduced. Correspondingly, an increase
      of the incorporation of the substrate into precursors of cholesterol (methyl
      sterols and squalene) occurs. These effects and the observed inhibition of HMGCoA
      reductase at high mevalonolactone concentration (0.5 mM) are in agreement with
      those shown by others in cultured hepatocytes. Since pantethine was reported to
      affect cholesterol biosynthesis from mevalonate in cultured fibroblasts, effects
      of its addition to hepatocyte incubations at low and high mevalonolactone
      concentration were studied. Neither the amount of radioactivity incorporated into
      cholesterol and in its sterol precursors nor sterol levels were modified by
      pantethine when a mevalonolactone concentration (0.01 mM) that did not alter the
      levels of intermediates of cholesterol synthesis was used. Pantethine was shown
      instead to potentiate the decrease of mevalonate incorporation into cholesterol
      induced by high concentrations of mevalonolactone (0.5 mM). Decrease of 3-hydroxy
      3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase activity induced by 1 mM pantethine was twice that
      caused by mevalonolactone alone. These results may explain the fact that both in
      laboratory animals and in humans pantethine administration is effective in
      reducing cholesterol plasma levels in hyperlipidemic conditions.

PMID- 3707675
TI  - Effects of alcohol consumption on serum lipoprotein-lipid and apolipoprotein
      concentrations. Results from an intervention study in healthy subjects.
AB  - Serum levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, cholesterol in low density lipoprotein
      (LDL) and in high density lipoprotein (HDL) and its major subfractions, and of
      apolipoproteins A-I, A-II and B were measured in 48 healthy men at the end of two
      6-week periods in which they consumed normal alcohol (5.0%, v/v) or low alcohol
      (0.9%, v/v) beer, respectively. Other dietary and behavioural variables were kept
      constant. Mean levels of triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, HDL2- and HDL3
      cholesterol, and apolipoproteins A-I and A-II were higher at the end of the
      normal compared with the low alcohol periods, and levels of LDL cholesterol were
      lower. Body weight was greater at the end of the normal alcohol period than at
      the end of the period of low alcohol but multiple regression analysis suggested
      that the changes in lipoprotein-lipid and apolipoprotein levels were due
      primarily to the change in alcohol consumption rather than concomitant changes in
      body weight. This study confirms an effect of alcohol on both major subfractions
      of HDL and on its major apolipoproteins.

PMID- 3707676
TI  - Immunoglobulins containing circulating immune complexes in hypercholesterolaemic
      patients.

PMID- 3707677
TI  - [The effect of pressure in lower extremity on psychological characteristics].

PMID- 3707678
TI  - [Development of the simplified method for estimating lactate threshold].

PMID- 3707679
TI  - Characteristics of pulmonary diffusing capacity in Japanese--aging effect on the
      sex and ethnic differences.

PMID- 3707680
TI  - [The relation between contraction strength and myoelectric power spectrum during
      isometric contractions].

PMID- 3707681
TI  - Influences of age and sex on cardiac output during submaximal exercise.

PMID- 3707682
TI  - [Inexpensive computer-digitiser system for image and statistical analysis].

PMID- 3707683
TI  - [Anesthesiologic problems in ligation of persistent ductus arteriosus in
      premature infants].

PMID- 3707684
TI  - Study of blood transfusion microfilter "Filmil-1".

PMID- 3707685
TI  - [Intensive therapy in diabetic coma].

PMID- 3707686
TI  - [Sources of infection and infection paths in intensive care--studies on hand
      disinfection].

PMID- 3707687
TI  - [Case report on the demonstration of successful interdisciplinary cooperation].

PMID- 3707688
TI  - [Cardiovascular stability in neuroleptanesthesia using various administration
      technics].

PMID- 3707689
TI  - [Combined use of theophylline and ethylenediamine (aminophylline) and halothane
      in general anesthesia].

PMID- 3707690
TI  - [The "National Days of Poliomyelitis Vaccination" program].

PMID- 3707691
TI  - [Bartter's syndrome].

PMID- 3707692
TI  - [Compensatory growth in a boy with Bartter's syndrome treated with indomethacin].

PMID- 3707693
TI  - [Dehydration in acute respiratory infection].

PMID- 3707694
TI  - [Penile anthropometric measurement in infants and pre-school children].

PMID- 3707695
TI  - [Neurophysiologic profile of the high-risk newborn infant in follow-ups].

PMID- 3707696
TI  - [Deformities of the digestive tract found in a study of surgical and biopsy
      specimens].

PMID- 3707697
TI  - [Aplastic anemia in dyskeratosis congenita].

PMID- 3707698
TI  - [Trichinosis].

PMID- 3707699
TI  - [Acrodermatitis enteropathica].

PMID- 3707700
TI  - [Teratoma of the posterior mediastinum].

PMID- 3707701
TI  - [Primary autoimmune hemolytic anemia in children].

PMID- 3707702
TI  - [Abdominal surgical emergencies in patients treated with chronic peritoneal
      dialysis. A new symptomatology].

PMID- 3707703
TI  - [Complications of venoclysis in children].

PMID- 3707704
TI  - [Anticonvulsants and pregnancy].

PMID- 3707705
TI  - [Clinical and laboratory evaluation of patients with congenital hypothyroidism].

PMID- 3707706
TI  - [Anthropometric nutritional evaluation of the hospitalized patient].

PMID- 3707707
TI  - [Morphological findings in the growth cartilage of malnourished children].

PMID- 3707708
TI  - [Systemic lupus erythematosus: frequency of the classification criteria of the
      American Rheumatism Association (1982), in 42 children].

PMID- 3707709
TI  - [Frequency of Giardia lamblia in the feces of 100 children with chronic
      diarrhea].

PMID- 3707710
TI  - [Stickler syndrome].

PMID- 3707711
TI  - [Bile duct atresia. Recent concepts].

PMID- 3707712
TI  - Distribution of alkylglycerone-phosphate synthase in subcellular fractions of rat
      liver.
AB  - Subcellular fractions of rat liver were isolated by density-gradient
      centrifugation on a linear Metrizamide gradient and were assayed for marker
      enzymes of peroxisomes, lysosomes, microsomes and mitochondria. Alkylglycerone
      phosphate synthase catalysing the formation of the ether bond in glycerolipids
      was also determined along the gradient. The enzyme was found to be enriched in
      the peroxisomal and the microsomal fractions thus, displaying a bimodal
      distribution pattern. Two reaction-products each, alkylglycerone phosphate and
      alkylglycerone were obtained in the enzymic assays performed, the ratio of which
      was clearly dependent upon the fraction employed. Alkylglycerone phosphate was
      mainly synthesized by the 'peroxisomal synthase', whereas an inverse proportion
      was observed assaying the microsomal counterpart. Furthermore, comparing the mean
      specific activities of both the enzymes the microsomal one was shown to be
      roughly twice as active in metabolizing 1-O-palmitoylglycerone 3-phosphate,
      simultaneously displaying a somewhat different sensitivity to NaF. These findings
      provide a first line of evidence, that two separate synthases, one in microsomes
      and another one in peroxisomes might be engaged in the biosynthesis of 1-O-alkyl
      glycerolipids in rat liver.

PMID- 3707713
TI  - The primary structure of the hemoglobin of the European marmot (Marmota marmota
      marmota, Rodentia).
AB  - The hemoglobin of the European marmot Marmota marmota marmota has been found to
      consist of only one component. In this work, we are presenting its primary
      structure. The globin chains have been separated by high performance liquid
      chromatography and the sequences have been determined by automated Edman
      degradation of the chains and their tryptic peptides, as well as of the peptide
      obtained by acid hydrolysis of the Asp-Pro bond in the beta-chains. In the alpha
      chains we have found 13 and in the beta-chains 34 exchanges compared with the
      human alpha- and beta-chains, respectively. The amino acids which are substituted
      in the alpha-chains are not involved in any contacts, whereas in the beta-chains,
      one exchange involves a heme contact, two alpha 1/beta 1- and one alpha 1/beta 2
      contacts. The functional and evolutionary aspects of these findings are
      discussed.

PMID- 3707714
TI  - Occurrence of lysoganglioside lyso-GM2 (II3-Neu5Ac-gangliotriaosylsphingosine) in
      GM2 gangliosidosis brain.
AB  - Lysoganglioside lyso-GM2 (sialylgangliotriaosylsphingosine) was detected in a
      brain sample of a patient with variant B of infantile GM2 gangliosidosis (Tay
      Sachs disease) at a concentration of approx. 15 nmol/g wet tissue. Neither
      lysoganglioside lyso-GM2 nor the corresponding GM1 derivative could be detected
      in normal brain.

PMID- 3707715
TI  - [Effectiveness of preventive programs].

PMID- 3707716
TI  - [Development of cardiology and specialized cardiologic services in Siberia and
      the Far East].

PMID- 3707717
TI  - [Results of carrying-out the first stage of the planned complex scientific and
      practical programs for improving the cardiologic services in Latvia].

PMID- 3707718
TI  - [The contributions of fundamental science to biotechnology].

PMID- 3707719
TI  - [Current aspects of the problem of ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 3707720
TI  - [Results of the secondary prevention of arterial hypertension. Study Group of the
      All-Union Collective Program for the Prevention of Arterial Hypertension
      (AUCPPAH)].
AB  - The paper presents the results of the study of medical impact of AUCPAHP. The
      study was performed in an organized population comprising 43197 males aged 40-54
      years, including an intervention group of 23378 subjects and a control group of
      19819. The active, mainly secondary prevention of arterial hypertension in 12
      collaborative centres during 3-5 years has caused a decrease in overall mortality
      in the intervention group by 17.3% compared with that in the control group, in
      stroke mortality by 52.4% and non-fatal MI morbidity by 23.9%. CHD mortality has
      turned out to be practically equal in the two groups.

PMID- 3707721
TI  - [Long-term program of hypertension control: achievements and difficulties].

PMID- 3707722
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of the basic blood lipid and apolipoprotein spectrum
      in groups of patients from Moscow and Bordeaux with ischemic heart disease].
AB  - A comparative diagnostic examination of patients with chest pains in Moscow and
      Bordeaux revealed in both cities a higher level of total plasma cholesterol and
      apo B/A-I ratio in CHD patients with angiographically documented coronary
      atherosclerosis than in men without CHD. CHD patients from Bordeaux had higher
      levels of total and HDL cholesterol and a lower triglyceride level than patients
      from an analogous Moscow group. Both in Moscow and Bordeaux inhabitants the
      determination of the levels and the ratio of plasma apo B lipoprotein to A-I
      apolipoprotein proved highly informative for diagnosing atherogenous shifts in
      the lipoprotein system.

PMID- 3707723
TI  - [The erythrocyte as a potential container for directed transport of drugs to
      damaged parts of the circulatory bed].

PMID- 3707724
TI  - [The receptor system for glucocorticoids in myocardial cells. New approaches to
      the studies of its regulation and function].

PMID- 3707725
TI  - [The practice of withdrawal of driver's licences between arrest and improvement].

PMID- 3707726
TI  - [The effect of therapy and long-term abstinence on the psychophysical performance
      of alcoholics].

PMID- 3707727
TI  - [Comparative studies on breath alcohol determination].

PMID- 3707728
TI  - [Further experiences with the Alcotest 7310 breath-alcoholizer in police use].

PMID- 3707729
TI  - [Psychological rehabilitation measures from the viewpoint of traffic law].

PMID- 3707730
TI  - The faculty member-medical school relationship of the future.

PMID- 3707731
TI  - Platysma myocutaneous flap revisited.
AB  - The platysma myocutaneous flap has seen limited application in the reconstruction
      of head and neck defects over the past decade. There are anatomical and
      physiological reasons for this. There has been an emphasis on the anatomical
      vascular supply and method of preparation of the platysma myocutaneous flap and
      its use in the oral cavity. This article emphasizes the use of this flap for
      reconstruction of defects of the base of tongue, hypopharynx, lateral pharyngeal
      wall, and supraglottis. The criteria for selection of the platysma myocutaneous
      flap as a method of reconstruction, and the limitations, are outlined. New
      variations of harvesting the flap based on randomized muscular support are
      described. Specific complications as seen in our group of patients add certain
      precautions in the use of the platysma myocutaneous flap.

PMID- 3707732
TI  - Tissue expansion in the treatment of alopecia.
AB  - Tissue expanders have been used in multiple body sites. We successfully used the
      Radovan tissue expander in the scalp of patients with cicatricial alopecia and in
      hair replacement surgery for male pattern alopecia. The expander is placed in the
      subgaleal plane beneath a hairbearing area and is inflated over a six- to eight
      week period. In a second procedure, the device is removed and the bald area is
      excised. Closure of the defect is accomplished, with the stretched hairbearing
      scalp replacing the area of alopecia. Scalp reduction and pedicle scalp flap
      procedures have benefited by preliminary scalp expansion.

PMID- 3707733
TI  - Nasal tip support.
AB  - One of the most important anatomic elements of successful rhinoplasty is nasal
      tip support and its influence on nasal tip projection, yet the medical literature
      is vague about what creates and maintains nasal tip support. During the years, 12
      or more structures have been implicated that may be important. We believe the two
      controlling factors are the strength of the alar cartilages and the position of
      the septal angle.

PMID- 3707734
TI  - The management of eyelid laxity during lower eyelid blepharoplasty.
AB  - Lower eyelid and lateral canthal angle malposition or frank ectropion are the
      most common complications of lower eyelid blepharoplasty. Although these
      complications may result from excessive skin excision, from surgical imbrication
      of the orbital septum or lower eyelid retractors, or from scar formation within
      the eyelid, failure to correct preexisting lower eyelid laxity is the most common
      cause. Recently published data have established laxity at the lateral canthus as
      the primary cause of involutional lower eyelid laxity. We review the
      pathophysiology of lower eyelid laxity and present an anatomic approach for the
      correction of lower eyelid laxity during blepharoplasty.

PMID- 3707735
TI  - Microvascular free flaps in soft-tissue augmentation of the head and neck.
AB  - The disadvantage of traditional methods for reconstruction of soft-tissue
      deficits providing symmetric restoration of head and neck contour are the need
      for multiple stages in the case of pedicle flaps and the unpredictable atrophy
      and resorption in the case of free nonvascularized dermis-fat grafts. In
      addition, unsightly donor defects may be an added disadvantage. A major use of
      free revascularized grafts and flaps is in the reconstruction of contour defects
      of the head and neck resulting from loss of soft tissue and bone. Soft-tissue
      augmentation can be achieved by the transfer of free cutaneous or
      musculocutaneous flaps. The ideal donor sites for such flaps are in areas of the
      body where large direct cutaneous or musculocutaneous flaps can be harvested with
      relatively long vascular pedicles, and where minimum morbidity and secondary
      deformity will occur from harvesting the flap. Microvascular flaps allow for
      tissue augmentation of the head and neck with restoration of symmetry without the
      problem of subsequent atrophy and resorption.

PMID- 3707736
TI  - Coronal approach for rejuvenation of the eyes and forehead.
AB  - Aesthetic surgeons are using the coronal forehead lift to achieve more consistent
      and enduring results due to a better understanding of the anatomy, dynamics, and
      aging process of the forehead. The varied indications for the procedure, such as
      soft-tissue ptosis and facial wrinkles, are discussed. The surgical technique is
      described, including the many controversial methods of managing the frontalis
      muscle. Eyeglasses and precise photography are employed to more objectively
      evaluate the amount of eyebrow elevation. Very gratifying results have been
      achieved with only minimal complications. The coronal forehead lift enhances the
      effects of the standard blepharoplasty and the orbicularis oculi muscle flap
      suspension techniques, and can be done in conjunction with a facial-cervical
      rhytidectomy. Presently, this is the procedure of choice in most women for
      rejuvenating the upper third of the face.

PMID- 3707737
TI  - Axial subcutaneous scalp flaps in the reconstruction of the anterior cranial
      fossa.
AB  - A major concern following combined craniofacial resection of neoplasms involving
      the floor of the anterior cranial fossa is the creation of a watertight
      separation between the contents of the anterior cranial fossa and the upper
      aerodigestive tract. The reconstructive technique should satisfy several goals,
      which we will outline. The axial subcutaneous scalp flap meets these goals and
      has proved to be useful in reconstruction of the anterior skull base. We used the
      axial subcutaneous scalp flap for this purpose in three patients. Herein, we
      report our experience and emphasize the importance of the vascular pattern of the
      anterior scalp.

PMID- 3707738
TI  - Indications and techniques of midfacial degloving. A 15-year experience.
AB  - Surgical access to the midface structures for the removal of benign or malignant
      lesions traditionally has been through paranasal sinuses, through external facial
      incisions, or transpalatine. The midfacial degloving procedure has been developed
      by the association of sublabial incisions, combined with rhinoplasty incisions,
      with or without osteotomies of the nasal bone and frontal process of the maxilla.
      I have been using midfacial degloving to treat patients since 1969 among which
      are included 30 patients who were seen with benign or malignant lesions involving
      the midface structures, palate, or nasopharynx. This approach offers excellent
      bilateral exposure without leaving external facial deformity.

PMID- 3707739
TI  - The comparison of facial grading systems.
AB  - To evaluate the relative merits of objective and subjective facial grading
      systems, we compared the results obtained with the Fisch, House, and Linear
      Measurement grading techniques in 12 subjects exhibiting varying degrees of
      palsy. Although most grading systems correlate well with each other, systems can
      vary dramatically in patient discrimination, interobserver variability, relative
      underrating and overrating, properties of nerve function selected, objectivity,
      and clinical definition. Objective and subjective data offer selective
      advantages.

PMID- 3707740
TI  - The normal summating potential recorded from external ear canal.
AB  - With a "plastic leaf" electrode, cochlear summating potential (SP) and auditory
      nerve action potential (AP) responses to rectangular-pulse clicks were recorded
      from the ear canal skin surface of 96 normal-hearing ears of 48 subjects. The
      main goals of this investigation were to develop a more precise characterization
      of the relationship between SP and AP amplitudes across normal ears and to
      determine the confidence limits of this relationship so that a more accurate
      "normal limit" could be established for clinical testing. The results suggest
      that the across-subjects SP-AP amplitude relationship is linear. Also, SP scatter
      increases as AP amplitude increases, but the scatter is equalized by log
      transforming the data. The distance of the SP from the log-transformed SP-AP
      estimating line in SE ("AP-normalized SP amplitude") was found to be superior to
      the SP/AP amplitude ratio as a method of adjusting SP to AP amplitude, because
      the SP/AP ratio varied significantly with AP amplitude both across subjects and
      with different ear canal electrode positions.

PMID- 3707741
TI  - Gorlin's basal cell nevus syndrome.
AB  - A case report is used to illustrate the characteristics of Gorlin's syndrome and
      to emphasize the need for early recognition by the physician and for thorough
      lifetime follow-up by the patient to prevent severe sequelae.

PMID- 3707742
TI  - The periosteoperichondrial flap in external rhinoplasty.
AB  - A technique for raising a laterally based periosteoperichondrial flap over the
      nasal bones and the upper lateral cartilages has been used successfully. The
      patient's nasal skin is temporarily elevated, as in standard external
      rhinoplasty, and then the periosteum is incised on the right side of the frontal
      process of the maxilla just caudal from the synostosis of the maxilla and the
      frontal bone. The incision is extended caudally, gently curving over the upper
      lateral cartilage, ending at the septal tip. The periosteoperichondrial flap is
      then elevated, using Cottle's knife, over the midline to a corresponding line on
      the other side. After all rhinoplastic maneuvers are completed, the
      periosteoperichondrial flap is replaced and sutured in its original position. The
      periosteoperichondrial flap provides excellent covering for the reconstructed
      bony and cartilaginous nasal pyramid, smoothens the new nasal dorsum, stabilizes
      the medial osteotomies, and prevents supratip protrusion.

PMID- 3707743
TI  - Pathologic quiz case 1. Acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma.

PMID- 3707744
TI  - Pathologic quiz case 2. Chordoma.

PMID- 3707745
TI  - Acute uvulitis and epiglottitis.

PMID- 3707746
TI  - Toxic shock syndrome after nasal surgery.

PMID- 3707748
TI  - Taurine levels in blood and urine of vitamin B6-deficient and estrogen-treated
      rats.
AB  - The objects of the present study were to determine whether a L-methionine or a L
      cysteine test-load was more effective in evaluating the effects of estrogen on
      vitamin B6 deficiency in rats, and to determine whether urine or blood was the
      better test fluid to measure taurine levels. In animals fed a vitamin B6
      supplemented diet, urinary excretion of taurine was twofold higher after
      administration of a L-cysteine test-load compared to a L-methionine test-load.
      Greater percentage reductions in the quantity of excreted taurine were observed
      in the vitamin B6-deficient rats when L-cysteine was utilized as the test-load
      than when L-methionine (2 mmole) was utilized. Treatment with estrogen
      demonstrated no significant differences in urinary taurine excretion. Vitamin B6
      deficiency without estrogen treatment raised the levels of taurine in the blood
      of the animals treated with a L-methionine test-load. No changes in the blood
      taurine levels were observed in the animals administered a L-cysteine test-load.

PMID- 3707747
TI  - Effect of erythropoietin on the interchange of cholesterol and phospholipid
      between erythrocyte membrane and plasma.
AB  - Ep enhanced the exchange of unesterified cholesterol from plasma to the RBC
      membrane and vice versa. Similar to unesterified cholesterol, the exchange of
      phospholipids from plasma to the RBC membrane and vice versa in starved rats
      increased on the administration of Ep. But, unlike cholesterol exchange, the
      hormone favored phospholipid transport from the RBC membrane to plasma more
      significantly than from plasma to the RBC membrane.

PMID- 3707749
TI  - Studies on L-arginase in developing rat small intestine, brain, and kidney. I.
      Ontogenic evolution of arginase isoenzymes.
AB  - The adult patterns of arginase isoenzymes in rat intestine, kidney, and brain are
      nearly identical and consist of two forms, cationic A1 and anionic A4. In this
      paper, the organ-specific maturation of the enzyme equipment in these tissues is
      reported. The activity of arginase in all tissues studied could be detected on
      the 13th to 16th days of gestation. In fetal intestine and kidney the arginase
      activity is low, and persists up to the weaning time when the rapid, 10-fold rise
      of the enzyme activity occurs. However, the adult pattern of arginase isoenzymes
      in these tissues is accomplished in different ways. In the intestine, arginase A1
      appears in fetal life and is the only form of the enzyme till the 19th to 21st
      days of postnatal life when the second form of arginase, A4, appears and rapidly
      accumulates, being exclusively responsible for the rise of the total enzyme
      activity at the time of weaning. In kidney, arginase A1 alone is present in the
      early fetal period. Arginase A4 appears 3-4 days before birth and its activity
      persists unchanged within the first 2 weeks of postnatal life. The intensive rise
      in total specific activity of kidney arginase at weaning is due to the
      accumulation of preexisting arginase A4. In brain, the adult pattern of arginase
      isoenzymes is achieved earlier than in other tissues. Both forms, A1 and A4,
      occur on Days 13-14 of gestation.

PMID- 3707750
TI  - Studies on L-arginase in developing rat small intestine, brain, and kidney. II.
      Effect of hydrocortisone and thyroxine.
AB  - The influences of hydrocortisone and thyroxine on the developmental changes of
      arginase activity in intestine, kidney, and brain of suckling rats were studied.
      A single injection of hydrocortisone (50 mg/kg) into rats aged 9 days evoked
      premature increase of jejunal arginase activity due to precocious formation of
      arginase A4. Arginase A4 can be detected about 48 hr after hydrocortisone
      injection, whereas in intact rats the enzyme appears in the intestinal mucosa on
      the 19th-21st days of postnatal life. After hydrocortisone administration to rats
      aged 6 days, a similar pattern of arginase activity in jejunum was observed.
      Under the same conditions, the influence of hydrocortisone on kidney arginase was
      weaker. The hormone did not have any influence on the activity of brain arginase.
      Daily injection of thyroxine (2 mg/kg) to 6-day-old rats (for 6 consecutive days)
      caused a precocious increase of the arginase activity in intestine. Under the
      same conditions, only a slight increase of the arginase activity was observed in
      kidney, whereas in brain the activity was unaffected.

PMID- 3707751
TI  - Sites of cleavage of rabbit muscle aldolase by purified cathepsin M from rabbit
      liver.
AB  - Rabbit liver cathepsin M, a sulfhydryl proteinase similar in catalytic properties
      to cathepsin B, causes a decrease in the activity of rabbit muscle aldolase
      assayed with fructose 1,6-bisphosphate but not with fructose 1-phosphate.
      Proteolytic modification of aldolase by cathepsin M is limited to the removal of
      small peptides from the COOH-terminus, including the COOH-terminal hexapeptide
      NH2-Ile-Ser-Asn-His-Ala-TyrOH. Correlation of loss of aldolase activity with COOH
      terminal modification indicates that only three of the four subunits of muscle
      aldolase contribute to the catalytic activity of the tetrameric enzyme.

PMID- 3707752
TI  - Acyl-CoA: glycine N-acyltransferase: in vitro studies on the glycine conjugation
      of straight- and branched-chained acyl-CoA esters in human liver.
AB  - Apparent kinetic constants (Km and Vmax values) were determined for human liver
      acyl-CoA: glycine acyltransferase (glycine-N-acylase) towards isobutyryl-CoA, 2
      methyl butyryl-CoA, isovaleryl-CoA, butyryl-CoA, hexanoyl-CoA, octanoyl-CoA, and
      decanoyl-CoA. These acyl-CoA esters were selected because of their relevance to
      the human diseases with cellular accumulation of these esters, i.e., especially
      to metabolic defects in the acyl-CoA dehydrogenation steps of the branched-chain
      amino acids, lysine, 5-hydroxy lysine, tryptophan, and fatty acid oxidation
      pathways. With the acyl-CoA ester as the fixed substrate, the Km value for
      glycine ranged from 0.5 to 2.9 mole/liter, and with glycine as fixed substrate,
      the Km values for the acyl-CoA esters varied from 0.3 to 5.6 mmole/liter. It is
      concluded that the substrate concentration is decisive for the glycine conjugate
      formation and that the occurrence in urine of acylglycines reflects an
      intramitochondrial accumulation of the corresponding acyl-CoA ester.

PMID- 3707753
TI  - The molecular weight of sodium hyaluronate in amniotic fluid.
AB  - The molecular weight of sodium hyaluronate in human amniotic fluid was determined
      by gel chromatography. Pooled samples from 16 weeks of gestation exhibited a
      broad molecular weight distribution (Mw = 3 X 10(5); Mn = 6 X 10(4)). Samples
      taken at 40 weeks showed a low molecular weight fraction (M less than 10(5)
      presumably of fetal origin, and a high molecular weight fraction (M greater than
      10(6) which varied considerably, indicating a nonfetal origin. No hyaluronate
      degrading activity was detected in the fluid. In a case of renal dysplasia, only
      minute amounts of hyaluronate were found. These findings are in accordance with a
      renal excretion of a low molecular weight hyaluronate from the fetus. In 12 cases
      with proven neural tube defects, there was no significant difference in
      hyaluronate level and molecular weight compared to normal controls.

PMID- 3707754
TI  - [Vaccination of children with convulsive disorders].

PMID- 3707755
TI  - [Immunization and convulsive disorders in children].

PMID- 3707756
TI  - [Domperidone peroral therapy for gastroesophageal reflux in severely retarded
      children].

PMID- 3707757
TI  - [Cerebrovascular occlusive disease in children--a clinical study with non
      moyamoya disease].

PMID- 3707758
TI  - [An autopsy case of degenerative disease with progressive ataxia, retinal
      degeneration, myoclonus and multiple cranial nerve palsy].

PMID- 3707759
TI  - [Central nervous system disorders in newborn infants and spinal fluid neuron
      specific enolase].

PMID- 3707760
TI  - [Present status of immunization for the handicapped, especially brain-damaged
      children].

PMID- 3707761
TI  - [Neurological complications related to immunization].

PMID- 3707762
TI  - [Present and future of pediatric neurology in Japan].

PMID- 3707763
TI  - [A study of the digestive system in severely handicapped children].

PMID- 3707764
TI  - [Encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis (EDAS), a new surgical treatment for chronic
      cerebral ischemia in childhood--experiences in acute hemiplegia in childhood].

PMID- 3707765
TI  - [Neonatal behavior and brain maturation].

PMID- 3707766
TI  - [Disorders of lymphocyte maturation, helper T cells and anti T cell antibody in
      sisters with ataxia telangiectasia].

PMID- 3707767
TI  - [The effect of electroconvulsive seizure on the brain development of neonatal
      rats].

PMID- 3707768
TI  - [An autopsy case of Menkes' kinky hair disease--pathological and biochemical
      studies on the central nervous system].

PMID- 3707769
TI  - [An autopsy case of holoprosencephaly with endocrine abnormalities].

PMID- 3707770
TI  - [A clinical study on the effectiveness of intermittent therapy using oral
      diazepam syrups for the prevention of recurrent febrile convulsions: a
      preliminary report].

PMID- 3707771
TI  - [Effective treatment of paramyotonia congenita by mexiletene].

PMID- 3707772
TI  - [Hemodilutional therapy in raised intracranial pressure; observations in a case
      of cerebral infarction associated with polycythemia vera].
AB  - A 36-year-old man presented with sudden onset of hemorrhagic cerebral infarction
      in association with polycythemia vera. On admission this patient manifested
      semicomatous state and left hemiplegia which were gradually progressed. X ray CT
      demonstrated a severe hemorrhagic infarction in right MCA territory accompanying
      marked shift of midline structures. Cerebral angiograms represented occlusion of
      right MCA showing floating emboli in the internal carotid. Hematocrit value was
      found to be high as 61.2 per cent. Elevated ICP levels were noted by means of
      epidural pressure monitoring. Deterioration of patient status was considered to
      be based on impairment of cerebral circulation due to hemostasis by elevated
      blood viscosity. In addition to administration of mannitol solution, intermittent
      exsanguinations, 1000 ml in total amount, were performed and hematocrit levels
      were corrected by hemodilution. Consciousness level was remarkably improved in
      accordance with reduction of ICP, which well corresponded to values of
      hematocrit. Level of ICP and tissue perfusion are convinced to be strongly
      affected by hemorheological factor in the state of raised ICP.

PMID- 3707773
TI  - [Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the brainstem: evaluation of the normal
      structures and small lesions].
AB  - Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging of the brainstem region from 12
      asymptomatic individuals were reviewed in addition to these of 12 patients with
      various symptoms of small brainstem lesions. Abnormalities consisted of 3 cases
      of multiple sclerosis, 1 case of neuro-Behcet disease, 5 cases of infarction and
      hematoma and 3 cases of degenerative disease. NMR transverse imaging using
      inversion recovery sequence was able to locate many of the normal intra-axial
      brainstem nuclei, such as the periaqueductal gray matter, the red nucleus, the
      substantia nigra, the pontine nuclei, the pontine reticular nuclei, the facial
      nerve nucleus and so on in an about half of 12 asymptomatic individuals. The
      remarkable gray-white matter differentiation was obtained on NMR imaging using
      inversion recovery sequence and enabled the internal structures to be visualized
      within the brainstem. In addition, the midsagittal imaging provided an excellent
      demonstration of anatomical relationships of the brainstem and surrounding
      structures. In the diencephalic region, the mamillary body, the anterior
      commissure and the optic chiasma were also demonstrated on the midsagittal
      imaging. The lesions within the brainstem were vaguely shown on X-ray computed
      tomography in 6 of 12 patients but NMR imaging using inversion recovery or spin
      echo sequence provided more detailed data and revealed clear small lesions, such
      as the demyelinated plaques of multiple sclerosis and lacunar infarcts in 9 of 12
      patients. Especially, in 2 of 3 multiple sclerosis patients, the plaques of the
      brainstem were definitely identified on NMR imaging only and the accurate
      localized lesion which was responsible for the facial myokymia or the Foville
      syndrome was identified.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3707774
TI  - [Change of plasma volume on patients treated by induced hypertension therapy for
      vasospasm].
AB  - Plasma volume, central venous pressure and water balance of 24 patients were
      measured about 1st and 2nd week after early operation for the ruptured aneurysms.
      All of the patients had been treated by induced hypertension therapy for delayed
      vasospasm successfully. Plasma volume was measured by RI method using RISA. The
      average of plasma volume of 16 patients was 58.3 +/- 6.0 ml/kg. This group had
      200 ml of 25% albumin every day. It was 48.2 +/- 6.2 ml/kg on 8 patients without
      albumin. The average of CVP was 11.3 +/- 2.2 cm on the albumin group. It was 5.3
      +/- 1.5 cm on the other group. The value of plasma volume and CVP was higher
      statistically on the albumin group than the other group. Water balance was
      positive on about half of the albumin group. It was negative on the other group.
      Three patients of the albumin group had pulmonary edema. THE CONCLUSION: The
      state of patient's hydration is not hypovolemic, as far as the induced
      hypertension therapy is possible, even though patient's CVP is low and water
      blance is negative. Albumin lets the plasma volume increase easily. Therefore,
      the risk of pulmonary edema may rise when only unreliable CVP is used for the
      monitoring of plasma volume. Plasma volume measurement is indispensable to the
      monitoring of fluid management for vasospasm and plasma volume should be aimed at
      55-60 ml/kg.

PMID- 3707775
TI  - [Biochemical studies of the cerebral ischemia in the rat--changes in cerebral
      free amino acids, catecholamines and uric acid].
AB  - Changes in cerebral free amino acids, catecholamines and uric acid levels were
      explored for up to 7 days after cerebral ischemia in the rat. Fifty male Sprague
      Dawley rats were subjected to occlusion of the middle cerebral artery on the
      olfactory tract, under halothane anesthesia. The animals were decapitated at 2,
      4, 6, 12, 24 hours and 2, 3, 5, 7 days after the surgery, respectively. The
      brains were rapidly removed. The cerebral hemispheres were divided into right and
      left halves, and homogenized in sulfosalicylic acid solution. Free amino acids
      were analyzed by colormetric method. Cathecholamines and uric acid were analyzed
      by high-performance liquid chromatography. Each parameters were measured both on
      the ischemic and contralateral hemispheres. The time course of changes in each
      parameters were observed by means of the ratio, which is the value of ischemic
      side divided by that of contralateral side. Free amino acids Dicarboxylic group;
      Decreases in glutamate and increases in glutamine suggest one aspect of
      detoxication of ammonia within the ischemia tissue. Monocarboxylic group; GABA,
      glycine, alanine were increased in early ischemic state, and gradually lowered to
      the normal values. These suggest the impairment of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle
      in the ischemic tissues, since these amino acids are closely related to TCA
      cycle. Essential amino acids, except for tryptophan, were increased until the end
      of study. These increases suggest the utilization of essential amino acids for
      protein synthesis might be disturbed in the ischemic tissues. Catecholamines and
      precursors; Norepinephrine and dopamine were lowered gradually. On the other
      hand, phenylalanine and tyrosine were increased during ischemia.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3707776
TI  - [A case of giant cell glioblastoma].
AB  - The pathological entity of intracranial giant cell tumor remains controversial,
      which has been considered a glioma (giant cell glioblastoma) by some and a
      sarcoma (monstrocellular sarcoma) by others. The authors present a case in which
      CT scan shows a wedge-shaped high density area at the left parietal lobe. This
      tumor expands explosively only a month on serial CT scan. The microscopic
      speciemen demonstrates the bizarre irregular giant cells with large vesicular
      nuclei, and glial proliferation and abundant reticulin fibers. Then we reviewed
      and discussed with emphasis on the historical aspect of giant cell tumor and also
      radiologic, therapeutic problem.

PMID- 3707777
TI  - [Application of renal subcapsular assay to rat malignant brain tumor].
AB  - As a rapid screening method for testing chemotherapeutic agents against human
      tumor explants, renal subcapsular assay has been established by Bogden et al
      (1978). The authors investigated the effectiveness of the technique of Bogden for
      rat glioma. Preselected 1 mm3 fragments of viable tumor tissue of rat (CDF) were
      implanted under the renal capsule of normal immunocompetent rats. Then initial
      and final tumor sizes (formula; see text) were measured in situ with an
      oculometer inserted into a surgical microscope, and evaluated the changes of
      tumor sizes. The experiments were divided into three groups. The first group was
      that tumor pieces of rat (CDF) were implanted under the renal capsule of the
      syngenetic rats (CDF). Non-irradiated and preirradiated (400 rad) heterogenetic
      rats (Wistar) were used as the second and third groups. The explanted tumor
      pieces grew rapidly in the first group (syngenetic rats). On the other hand, poor
      growth of the second group (non-irradiated heterogenetic rats) was seen within 7
      days after implantation, and rejected completely until 15 days after
      implantation. Explanted tumor pieces in the third group (pre-irradiated
      heterogenetic rats), however, grew enough big, though the change of tumor sizes
      was less than that of the first group. Histological examination was also
      performed. In the first and third group, proliferation of glioma cells was
      remarkable under the renal capsule, and neovascularization in the explanted tumor
      tissue was provided from the capsule, first, and then parenchym of the kidney.
      Even necrosis and hemorrhage were seen in the tumor tissue 15 days after
      implantation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3707778
TI  - [Peripheral nerve abnormalities of mutant (PMA) mouse--myelinated fiber counts of
      sciatic, peroneal, sural and tibial nerves].
AB  - A mutant mouse characterized by peroneal muscular atrophy and congenital absence
      of the peroneal nerve has been described by Esaki et al. and investigated as a
      possible animal model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease or spinal muscular atrophy.
      However, the nature of the peripheral nerve abnormality of this mutant mouse has
      not been precisely defined yet. In this study, in addition to the qualitative
      evaluation of teased fiber and Epon-embedded preparations, the total transverse
      fascicular area and the total numbers of myelinated fibers per nerve in sciatic,
      peroneal (proximal and distal), sural (proximal and distal) and tibial (proximal
      and distal) nerves on both right and left sides were compared between six
      peroneal muscular atrophy (pma) mice with autosomal recessive gene manifesting
      mainly the peroneal muscular atrophy and their six control mice to understand and
      define the peripheral nerve abnormalities. The pma mice showed pes equinovarus
      bilaterally and their peroneal nerves were absent. No myelinated fibers showing
      axonal degeneration or segmental demyelination were found on teased fiber
      preparation. Onion bulb, demyelinated or remyelinated axons and myelin ovoids
      were not observed in Epon-embedded sections. The mean total transverse fascicular
      area and mean total number of myelinated fibers per nerve in the sciatic nerve in
      pma mice was significantly less (p less than 0.02) than that in control mice. On
      the other hand they were significantly greater (p less than 0.0001) in the sural
      nerve in pma mice than in control mice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3707779
TI  - [Magnetic resonance imaging of experimental cerebral ischemia: correlations
      between NMR parameters and water content].
AB  - Recent studies on proton NMR imaging revealed its remarkable sensitivity for
      detecting cerebral ischemia. Since proton NMR reflects the distribution and state
      of water in the brain, an NMR imager becomes a sensitive in vivo detector of
      brain edema developing soon after the energy state is compromized by ischemia. To
      further clarify the usefulness of NMR imaging to characterize the ischemia
      induced changes, correlations between T1 and T2 relaxation times and water
      content of the normal and ischemic rat and gerbil brain were studied by means of
      both spectroscopic and in vivo imaging methods. In the spectroscopic experiment
      on excised rat brain (cortex, white matter, hippocampus and thalamus for normal
      and ischemia-laden brain), T1 and T2 relaxation times and water content were
      determined. The ischemic insult was induced for 60 min by the method of
      Pulsinelli followed by 60 min of reperfusion. All of the T1, T2 and water content
      significantly increased in the ischemic tissue. Gray-white difference was evident
      in T1 and T1 was linearly correlated with the water content of the tissue. T2 was
      by far prolonged in the ischemic tissue compared with the increase in the water
      content, showing greater sensitivity of T2 for detection of ischemia. In the
      imaging experiment, coronal NMR imaging at 0.5 tesla was performed employing
      proton density-weighted saturation recovery (TR = 1.6 s, TE = 14 ms), T1-weighted
      inversion recovery (TR = 1.6 s, TI = 300 ms, TE = 14 ms) and T2-weighted spin
      echo (TR = 1.6 s, TE = 106 ms) pulse sequences.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3707780
TI  - [Brain death].

PMID- 3707781
TI  - Radiation hazards for cardiologists.

PMID- 3707782
TI  - The aetiology and prognostic implications of reciprocal electrocardiographic
      changes in acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - The relations between reciprocal ST segment depression in the electrocardiogram
      and infarct size and 10 year prognosis were studied in 315 patients who survived
      for at least 28 days after a first anterior or inferior myocardial infarction. ST
      depression was more common in inferior infarcts (72%) than in anterior (37%)
      ones. It occurred more frequently in complicated infarcts and in the presence of
      considerable ST elevation. Patients experiencing second or third degree heart
      block were significantly more likely to show reciprocal changes. The rise in peak
      cardiac enzyme concentration was higher in patients showing ST depression. In
      patients with ST depression, peak creatine kinase concentration was 46% higher,
      aspartate aminotransferase was 39% higher, and lactate dehydrogenase 29% higher
      after correction for site and complications. A discriminant function analysis
      selected infarct site, peak aspartate aminotransferase, and magnitude of ST
      elevation as predictors of the occurrence of ST depression. Age, severity, and
      smoking status did not significantly improve discrimination. Despite larger
      increases in peak enzyme concentrations patients with ST depression had
      marginally fewer subsequent episodes of unstable angina or fatal or non-fatal
      infarction and a marginally lower 10 year death rate. Neither difference was
      statistically significant. ST depression occurring early in the acute phase of
      myocardial infarction is likely to be a reflection of electrophysiological
      changes taking place at the site of the infarct that is manifested in the
      contralateral surface of the heart. Other causes, however, such as transient
      ischaemia at the site of the reciprocal changes or extension of the infarct to
      contiguous areas cannot be excluded in all cases.

PMID- 3707783
TI  - Factors determining symptoms in heart failure: comparison of fast and slow
      exercise tests.
AB  - Factors determining the symptoms of breathlessness and fatigue in patients with
      congestive heart failure were investigated by comparing the response to slow and
      fast exercise. Symptom limited oxygen consumption (maximal); minute ventilation,
      mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; and arterial blood gases, pH, and
      lactate concentrations were measured during treadmill exercise using a slow
      protocol in 25 men (age 34-67 years) with congestive heart failure (New York
      Heart Association class II-III). Ten of these patients were also exercised
      according to a rapid protocol. Exercise was terminated by fatigue in 23/25
      patients after the slow test and by breathlessness in all patients after the
      rapid test. Exercise capacity (maximal oxygen consumption and exercise duration)
      was not related to resting or exercise pulmonary capillary wedge pressure or the
      change in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure during exercise, nor was there any
      difference in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure at the end of exercise within
      individuals between the fast and slow tests. Minute ventilation was greater (51
      vs 43 1/min), peak exercise lactate concentration higher (3.7 vs 2.2 mmol/l), and
      the change in pH from the resting state was greater (0.06 vs 0.02) during the
      rapid test than during the slow test. The sensation of breathlessness in
      congestive heart failure is not simply related to raised pulmonary capillary
      wedge pressure, but may in part be due to stimulation of peripheral
      chemoreceptors in response to metabolic acidosis.

PMID- 3707784
TI  - Analysis of interobserver and intraobserver variation of interpretation of the
      echocardiographic and Doppler flow determination of cardiac output by the mitral
      orifice method.
AB  - The variability of the interpretation by two individuals of a combined
      echocardiographic and Doppler method of calculating output was studied in 30
      normal adults. In each subject three separate cardiac cycles were recorded to
      calculate maximal mitral valve orifice, the ratio of mean to maximal mitral valve
      leaflet separation, and the mean flow velocity through the mitral valve. The
      recordings were digitised twice by two independent observers. Estimates of
      cardiac output ranged from 3.2 to 8.11 1/min. Analysis of variance showed that
      interobserver and intraobserver variability for these measurements was 5.8% and
      6.1% respectively. It is concluded that the reproducibility for interpreting this
      non-invasive method is adequate for clinical use in adults with cardiac outputs
      within the normal range.

PMID- 3707786
TI  - Ambulatory blood pressure and assessment of pacemaker function.
AB  - Ten patients in sinus rhythm with ventricular demand (VVI) pacemakers implanted
      for the sick sinus syndrome underwent 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure and
      electrocardiographic recording by a modified version of the Oxford system. Five
      patients had symptoms of dizziness or presyncope at the time of study and five
      were symptom free. The onset of pacing was associated with a fall in arterial
      blood pressure in both groups which was larger in the patients with symptoms, and
      in these patients the blood pressure recovery consequent on baroreflex activation
      was delayed by up to fifteen beats. In three of the patients with symptoms the
      original pacemaker was replaced by an atrioventricular pacing (DVI) device. This
      abolished symptoms and the initial fall and delayed recovery of blood pressure.
      Thus it appears that the development of symptoms of hypotension after the onset
      of ventricular pacing is determined by the rate of the baroreflex response. These
      symptoms and the haemodynamic consequences may be alleviated by dual chamber
      pacing.

PMID- 3707785
TI  - Factors that influence the outcome of primary pulmonary hypertension.
AB  - Factors predicting life expectancy in primary pulmonary hypertension have not
      been well defined. Thirty four cases of primary pulmonary hypertension that had
      been followed up until death or for at least five years were reviewed
      retrospectively. Patients were divided into three groups: 18 patients who died
      within five years of presentation to hospital; 12 who survived more than five
      years; and four who improved and who lived for more than five years. The age at
      onset was similar in the three groups and, like symptoms and sex, did not predict
      life expectancy. Right heart failure during the course of the disease was
      associated with a poor outcome. Radiographic evidence of cardiac enlargement and
      evidence of right heart strain on electrocardiogram at presentation was also
      predictive of survival for less than five years. Pulmonary arteriolar resistance
      was higher and cardiac output lower in those with the shortest survival times.
      There was no relation between pulmonary artery pressure and length of survival.
      Systemic resistance varied directly with pulmonary resistance and served to
      maintain systemic pressure. Presentation in or after pregnancy and patency of the
      foramen ovale were associated with longer survival. In four patients there was
      evidence of regression of the disease by cardiac catheterisation and lung
      histology. Primary pulmonary hypertension is a heterogeneous condition in which
      life expectancy varies widely.

PMID- 3707787
TI  - Familial spontaneous complete heart block in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
AB  - Two siblings with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy developed spontaneous complete
      heart block requiring permanent pacemaker implantation at similar ages (29 and 33
      years). The clinical, morphological, and haemodynamic expressions of hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy differed considerably in these two patients. The sister had severe
      functional limitation due to dyspnoea, pronounced and diffuse left ventricular
      hypertrophy (maximum ventricular septal thickness of 41 mm), and left ventricular
      outflow obstruction (peak subaortic gradient of 75 mm Hg under basal conditions).
      In contrast the brother was symptom free, had only modest left ventricular
      hypertrophy which was confined to the anterior ventricular septum (maximal
      thickness of 16 mm), and had no echocardiographic evidence of subaortic
      obstruction. These dissimilar findings in siblings with hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy suggest that the predisposition to develop complete heart block
      was probably genetically transmitted, although it was unrelated to the phenotypic
      and clinical expression of the disease.

PMID- 3707788
TI  - Abnormalities of the mitral valve in congenitally corrected transposition
      (discordant atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial connections).
AB  - Abnormalities of the mitral valve were found in 16 (55%) of 29 necropsy specimens
      of hearts with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries
      (discordant atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial connections). These
      abnormalities were most commonly of cusp number (21%) and tension apparatus
      (21%). Dysplasia of the valve was less common (10%), and other abnormalities
      identified included common valve, stenosis, and cleft valve. Some of the cases
      showed more than one morphological abnormality. The median age at death in those
      cases with mitral valve abnormalities was significantly higher than those
      without. More females than males had valves affected (ratio 2:1). Malformations
      such as ventricular septal defect and tricuspid or pulmonary valve anomalies were
      represented in similar proportions in cases with and without mitral anomalies.

PMID- 3707789
TI  - Severe aortic stenosis in elderly patients.
AB  - Clinical and non-invasive findings were compared with catheterisation data in 91
      elderly patients (mean 65 years, range 52-78) with suspected severe aortic
      stenosis requiring operation. Heart catheterisation showed that forty nine
      patients had a valve area of less than or equal to 0.6 cm2, 36 had a valve area
      of 0.7 - 1.0 cm2, and six an area of greater than or equal to 1.1 cm2. Coexistent
      aortic regurgitation was found in 85% of the cases, but severe regurgitation was
      found in only one patient (1%). Seventy seven per cent of patients had chest
      pain, 74% had dyspnoea, and 46% had exertional vertigo or syncope. Coronary
      angiography, which was performed in 77 patients, showed coronary artery disease
      in 24% of those with a history of angina pectoris and in none of those without.
      All patients had echodense valves; aortic valve calcification was shown by x ray
      in 76% and in all but one by cineradiography. The peak of the systolic murmur was
      delayed in 98% of the patients. Although a prolonged left ventricular ejection
      time was characteristic of severe aortic stenosis, a normal value did not exclude
      this diagnosis. Most patients (84%) had increased QRS amplitude on the
      electrocardiogram. Echocardiography showed an increased left ventricular wall
      thickness in 90% of the patients in whom it was possible to define the myocardial
      borders. There was an inadequate blood pressure increase in response to exercise
      in 82%. In about 25% of the patients the exercise test was at variance with the
      New York Heart Association classification. Findings suggesting severe aortic
      stenosis resembled those reported for younger age groups. When most findings
      point to severe aortic stenosis, the absence of a single symptom or non-invasive
      sign does not exclude severe aortic stenosis.

PMID- 3707791
TI  - Proceedings of the British Cardiac Society. 65th annual general meeting. 2-3
      April 1986.

PMID- 3707790
TI  - Echocardiographic demonstration of free wall vegetative endocarditis complicated
      by a pulmonary embolism in a patient with ventricular septal defect.
AB  - A defect in the muscular part of the interventricular septum in a 19 year old man
      was complicated by infective endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The
      lesion was a large right ventricular free wall vegetation which embolised to the
      lungs. The vegetation was displayed by cross sectional echocardiography, which
      also confirmed the clinical diagnosis of ventricular septal defect. This case
      confirms the concept that the jet stream causes endocarditis at its point of
      impact. After six weeks' treatment with antibiotics the ventricular septal defect
      was repaired at operation.

PMID- 3707792
TI  - Lead specificity of the maximum ST/heart rate slope response.

PMID- 3707793
TI  - Evoked potentials during isoflurane anaesthesia.
AB  - Somatosensory, visual and brainstem auditory evoked potentials were recorded in
      10 unpremedicated patients anaesthetized with isoflurane in oxygen. Recordings
      were made at 0.5%, 1.1% and 1.65% (six patients) end-tidal isoflurane
      concentration. There were statistically significant increases in the latencies of
      the somatosensory (N20), visual and brainstem auditory potentials (waves III and
      V) with increasing concentrations of isoflurane. The central conduction time was
      prolonged. Amplitudes of the somatosensory and visual potentials were reduced
      with increasing concentrations of isoflurane. The effects of isoflurane on evoked
      potentials are similar to those of halothane and enflurane. It is possible that
      changes in evoked potential measurements may be useful as a neurophysiological
      indicator of anaesthetic depth.

PMID- 3707794
TI  - Breathing pattern during isoflurane anaesthesia with or without nitrous oxide.
AB  - Tidal volume, respiratory timing and occlusion pressure were studied in
      spontaneously breathing patients during isoflurane anaesthesia and in the
      presence of surgery. In one group of patients, end-tidal concentrations of 1.5%
      and 2.5% isoflurane in oxygen were used and in the other group equivalent depths
      of anaesthesia were obtained with 0.75% and 1.75% end-tidal isoflurane plus 67%
      nitrous oxide in oxygen. During the deeper anaesthesia, the duration of the
      respiratory cycle decreased significantly in both groups. In the group breathing
      nitrous oxide, the greater isoflurane concentration caused a significant
      reduction in ventilation. Airway occlusion significantly decreased the duration
      of the inspiratory period in both groups, indicating that the presence of nitrous
      oxide was not necessary for this effect.

PMID- 3707795
TI  - Changes in plasma catecholamine concentrations following infiltration with large
      volumes of local anaesthetic solution containing adrenaline.
AB  - Plasma catecholamine concentrations have been measured in nine patients
      undergoing rhinoplasty following infiltration to the facial area of 21 ml of 0.5%
      lignocaine with adrenaline 1:200,000 and in seven patients undergoing brachial
      plexus blockade with 40 ml of 0.5% lignocaine, 0.25% bupivacaine and adrenaline
      1:200,000. In the rhinoplasty group there was a 566% increase in plasma
      adrenaline concentration 2 min after cessation of infiltration, whilst in the
      brachial plexus group a 112% increase in the plasma concentration of adrenaline
      occurred at 10 min after completion of the block. There was no change in plasma
      noradrenaline concentration in either group. It is concluded that the so-called
      safe dose of adrenaline (1.0 microgram kg-1 during halothane anaesthesia) is
      meaningless unless the site of administration is specified.

PMID- 3707796
TI  - Extradural morphine: influence of adrenaline admixture.
AB  - The influence of the addition of adrenaline on extradural morphine analgesia and
      pharmacokinetics was investigated in a double-blind study. Morphine 2 mg was
      administered to 14 patients undergoing thoracotomy. In addition, adrenaline 50
      micrograms added to the extradural solution, was administered to half of the
      patients, selected randomly. Morphine concentrations in serial plasma and
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were measured. Postoperative analgesia was
      estimated by determining the requirement for additional analgesics. Following
      extradural administration of plain morphine, the peak morphine concentrations in
      CSF were 22 +/- 5 (SEM) times those in plasma; during the elimination phase the
      CSF concentrations exceeded those in plasma by about 150 times. The area under
      the concentration v. time curve (AUC) was 162 +/- 27 (SEM) times larger in CSF
      than in plasma. The admixture of adrenaline with the extradural morphine
      increased the individual variability in CSF and plasma concentrations. However,
      compared with the plain morphine group, adrenaline did not significantly increase
      the concentrations of morphine in CSF, nor were the morphine concentrations in
      plasma significantly decreased. The duration of analgesia was related to the
      amount of morphine in CSF, that is AUC (P less than 0.05) and peak concentrations
      of morphine in CSF (P less than 0.05).

PMID- 3707797
TI  - Subarachnoid anaesthesia with 0.75% bupivacaine in patients with chronic renal
      failure.
AB  - Twenty consecutive patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and 20 control
      patients received subarachnoid anaesthesia with 3 ml of 0.75% bupivacaine plain
      for surgery in the lower abdomen. Sensory analgesia (onset) developed
      significantly more rapidly in the CRF patients: maximum segmental level of pin
      prick analgesia was reached in an average of 21 min in the CRF patients and in 35
      min in the control patients. An observed tendency to acidosis and a possible
      reduced intrathecal space in the uraemic patients may account for the more rapid
      blockade. The mean spread of the sensory block in CRF patients (T4) was two
      segments higher than that in the control patients, but because of marked inter
      individual variation this difference cannot be considered clinically important.
      Three CRF patients and two control patients had insufficient analgesia for
      surgery. In the CRF patients, both sensory and motor blockades were of shorter
      duration than in the control patients. The incidence of complaints of nausea and
      backache was similar in the groups. One control patient had a headache.

PMID- 3707798
TI  - Influence of obesity on spinal analgesia with isobaric 0.5% bupivacaine.
AB  - In an unblinded study 50 patients undergoing cystoscopic procedures received a
      spinal anaesthetic of plain 0.5% bupivacaine 4 ml administered in the sitting
      position at the L3-4 space. There was a correlation between the height of
      blockade assessed by pinprick analgesia and the degree of obesity of the patients
      measured by weight, weight/height, and weight/height2. Using this dose of spinal
      anaesthetic agent, high blockade may be anticipated in obese patients.

PMID- 3707799
TI  - Abdominal wound perfusion for the relief of postoperative pain.
AB  - In a double-blind trial, 50 patients with subcostal incisions performed for
      cholecystectomy or splenectomy, received 10 ml of either 0.5% bupivacaine plain
      or physiological saline twice daily by wound perfusion through an indwelling
      drainage tube for 3 days after operation. Analgesia, assessed by visual analogue
      score (VAS) and forced vital capacity (FVC), was significantly improved after
      perfusion with bupivacaine. Perfusion with physiological saline produced an
      analgesic effect comparable to that of bupivacaine as indicated by improvement in
      VAS. There was, however, no improvement in FVC, and opioid requirements were
      greater, in the patients whose wounds had been perfused with saline.

PMID- 3707800
TI  - Respiratory function following nalbuphine and morphine in anaesthetized man.
AB  - In 40 patients anaesthetized with thiopentone, 66% nitrous oxide and 1%
      halothane, the effects of a single i.v. dose of nalbuphine 4.5, 8, 15, 25 or 50
      mg/70 kg or morphine 3, 5, 10 or 17.5 mg/70 kg on total ventilation and end-tidal
      carbon dioxide concentration have been measured. Depression of respiration
      occurred with both drugs and with all doses. The lower doses of nalbuphine
      produced more depression than equianalgesic doses of morphine. Conventional
      equianalgesic doses produced similar degrees of depression. With the highest dose
      of morphine, respiratory impairment progressed to apnoea whereas, with
      nalbuphine, apnoea did not occur in any patient. With increasing dosage of
      nalbuphine there appeared to be a limit to the extent of respiratory depression.
      The highest dose of nalbuphine produced less depression than some lower doses,
      suggesting a reversal effect.

PMID- 3707802
TI  - Static v. dynamic tests in the in vitro diagnosis of malignant hyperthermia
      susceptibility.
AB  - In vitro contracture tests, in which muscle specimens are exposed to halothane or
      caffeine are, at present, the only generally accepted screening methods for the
      diagnosis of susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia (MHS). Static tests
      (performed with the muscle held at constant length) are used more commonly
      although, in addition, some MH investigation units use dynamic tests, in which
      the length of the specimen is varied. We have performed dynamic and static tests
      in parallel on muscle from 112 patients. The dynamic halothane test was more
      sensitive in discriminating between MHS and MH negative (MHN) individuals than
      the static halothane test. However, the dynamic caffeine test was less sensitive
      at discriminating between MHS and MHN individuals, and nothing is to be gained by
      including it in the investigation.

PMID- 3707801
TI  - Influence of isoflurane on renal and intestinal vascular responses to stress.
AB  - Renal and intestinal vasoconstrictor responses elicited by either hypothalamic
      defence alarm area activation or stimulation of somatic and visceral afferents
      were studied in 17 cats. In part I, the circulatory adjustments during 2% (end
      tidal) isoflurane plus 70% nitrous oxide in oxygen were compared with a medium
      dose fentanyl in 70% nitrous oxide-oxygen sequence which was supplemented by
      diazepam. In part II, three end-tidal concentrations of isoflurane (1.4%, 2% and
      3%) plus nitrous oxide in oxygen were evaluated before and after pre-treatment
      with droperidol 200 micrograms kg-1. During fentanyl-diazepam anaesthesia,
      intense vasoconstrictor responses with associated decreases in renal and
      intestinal blood flows were observed. Isoflurane 2% counteracted this reflex
      vasoconstriction, particularly in the renal vascular bed. The pressor and
      vasoconstrictor responses were suppressed by isoflurane in a dose-dependent
      fashion. After the administration of droperidol, the vascular beds were
      unaffected by noxious stimulation. It is concluded that isoflurane blunts stress
      related vasoconstriction in a dose-dependent fashion, especially in the renal,
      but also in the intestinal, circulation. Droperidol adds to the vasodilatory
      effect of isoflurane.

PMID- 3707803
TI  - Effects of i.a. lignocaine on adrenaline-induced vasoconstriction.
AB  - The effects of i.a. administered lignocaine on the in vivo response of the
      vascular bed supplied by the lingual, external maxillary and posterior auricular
      branches of the common carotid artery were studied in the rat. Infusions of
      lignocaine in concentrations of 10-1000 micrograms ml-1 administered at the rate
      of 0.05 ml min-1 for 10 min did not affect vascular resistance or arterial
      pressure in the common carotid artery. However, following such infusions, the
      increase of vascular resistance caused by bolus doses of adrenaline (20-120 ng in
      0.1 ml) was inhibited, indicating lignocaine-adrenaline antagonism. Responses to
      adrenaline remained significantly depressed 60 min after the termination of a 100
      micrograms ml-1 or higher lignocaine infusion.

PMID- 3707804
TI  - A computer-controlled syringe driver for use during anaesthesia. A modification
      of the Graseby MS16A.
AB  - The requirements of a drug infusion device for use in theatre are discussed. A
      modification of the Graseby MS16A syringe pump and an interface circuit
      permitting its remote control by microcomputer are described. The pump is
      controlled via a standard computer interface (RS232) which makes it a unique and
      powerful research tool. Aspects of safety are considered.

PMID- 3707805
TI  - Changes in intracranial pressure associated with extradural anaesthesia.
AB  - The intracranial pressure (ICP) response to the lumbar extradural injection of
      bupivacaine hydrochloride was measured in two patients on a total of 29
      occasions. In the first patient, mean ICP increased from an average figure of
      18.8 mm Hg to 39.5 mm Hg after the injection of 10 ml of solution. This increase
      was maintained for an average of 4.5 min. Both the magnitude and the duration of
      the increase were less when 5 ml was injected. The second patient had a normal
      baseline ICP, but the injection of bupivacaine 10 ml produced an increase from a
      mean of 9.3 mm Hg to 15.6 mm Hg. Injection of the same volumes of physiological
      saline in the second patient induced increases in ICP similar to those obtained
      with bupivacaine. There was a good correlation between baseline ICP and the
      increase produced by the extradural injection. It is concluded that extradural
      anaesthesia must be used with extreme caution in patients with reduced
      intracranial compliance, and should not be used at all in a patient with
      intracranial hypertension or a space-occupying lesion.

PMID- 3707806
TI  - Emergency caesarean section in a poor risk patient in Nepal.
AB  - This report describes the management of a poor risk Nepalese patient (active
      pulmonary tuberculosis, haemoglobin concentration 4.6 g dl-1, weight 28.5 kg)
      requiring emergency Caesarean section for fetal distress. Subarachnoid blockade
      (0.5% bupivacaine plain 3.5 ml) was satisfactory; blood loss was around 400 ml
      and was replaced with Haemaccel and lactated Ringer's solution (blood was not
      available). Although unresponsive at birth, the child had an Apgar score of 10 at
      15 min.

PMID- 3707807
TI  - Spinal anaesthesia and cardiac disease.

PMID- 3707808
TI  - Potential foreign body.

PMID- 3707809
TI  - Respiratory depression--tidal volume or frequency?

PMID- 3707810
TI  - Cardiovascular and electroencephalographic effects of laudanosine in
      "nephrectomized" cats.
AB  - We studied a cat model simulating laudanosine accumulation in the "anephric"
      patient. Cardiovascular effects were seen only with the bolus doses of
      laudanosine 2 mg kg-1, and at plasma laudanosine concentrations unlikely to be
      achieved clinically. Similarly, EEG and power spectra analysis showed no evidence
      of epileptiform activity at all plasma laudanosine concentrations achieved. The
      non-specific EEG/power spectra changes observed may reflect a direct CNS activity
      with neurodepression, since laudanosine was shown by its presence in CSF to cross
      the blood-brain barrier. These EEG changes were observed at plasma concentrations
      eight to 10 times those observed in humans during infusion of atracurium. Thus,
      laudanosine accumulation and related CNS or cardiovascular toxicity seem unlikely
      following atracurium administration in the anephric patient.

PMID- 3707811
TI  - Comparison of pharmacokinetic profiles of single and multiple doses of a slow
      release Oros oxprenolol delivery system in young normotensive and elderly
      hypertensive subjects.
AB  - Oxprenolol in an Oros 8/130 sustained release osmotic pump system (equivalent to
      120 mg oxprenolol hydrochloride in a conventional formulation and releasing 8 mg
      h-1) was given to eight normal young subjects (mean age 23 years) and eight
      elderly hypertensive patients (mean age 77 years). The plasma concentration-time
      profiles of oxprenolol were determined over 32 h using gas liquid chromatography
      after the initial dose and following seven doses. The elderly patients had a
      significantly higher AUC and maximum plasma oxprenolol concentration following
      both the first and final doses studied. It is unlikely that this difference is
      due to a prolonged absorption phase in the elderly patients. Reduced drug
      clearance seems the most probable explanation.

PMID- 3707812
TI  - The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of slow release nifedipine during
      chronic dosing in volunteers.
AB  - Eight healthy volunteers received slow release nifedipine 20 mg 12 hourly, for
      six doses. A nifedipine pharmacokinetic profile was performed after the fifth
      dosing interval using 12 sampling times over 12 h. A specific high pressure
      liquid chromatography (h.p.l.c.) nifedipine assay was used. Six of the volunteers
      subsequently received an i.v. infusion of 3.5 mg of nifedipine after an identical
      period (five dosing intervals) of chronic oral dosing with slow release
      nifedipine 20 mg 12 hourly. An identical pharmacokinetic profile was performed
      after the infusion. Bioavailability, clearance (CL), apparent volume of
      distribution (V), apparent half life (t1/2) and area under the curve (AUC) were
      calculated. The geometric mean apparent t1/2 for the slow release preparation was
      6.3 +/- 2.0 h. In the six volunteers, the mean bioavailability was 46% (range 29
      86%), the mean CL was 588.0 +/- 67.1 ml min-1, the mean apparent V was 160.1 +/-
      61.7 l. The pharmacokinetics of slow release nifedipine during chronic dosing
      appear similar to those derived from single dose studies.

PMID- 3707813
TI  - The interaction between i.v. theophylline and chronic oral dosing with slow
      release nifedipine in volunteers.
AB  - Eight healthy volunteers received a 5 min i.v. infusion of lysine theophylline,
      equivalent to 197 mg anhydrous theophylline, both before (day 1) and during (day
      5) steady state chronic oral dosing with slow release nifedipine 20 mg 12 hourly.
      A theophylline pharmacokinetic profile was performed on day 1 and day 5 and a
      nifedipine pharmacokinetic profile was performed on day 4 and day 5. The greatest
      difference in serum theophylline concentrations was seen at the first sampling
      time (5 min after completion of the infusion) with a mean concentration of 9.9 mg
      l-1 during nifedipine administration and 14.6 mg l-1 with theophylline alone.
      Thereafter, the difference fell to approximately 1 mg l-1 until 6 h when they
      became almost identical. Repeated measures analysis of variance using the
      theophylline serum concentrations at each of ten time points over 8 h as the
      repeated measures showed a small but significant effect of nifedipine (F(1,151) =
      7.0, P less than 0.01) on serum theophylline concentrations. Mean volume of
      distribution (V) rose from 0.33 +/- 0.07 to 0.39 +/- 0.06 1 kg-1 corrected body
      weight (CBW) in the presence of nifedipine (t = 2.23, P = 0.052). Theophylline
      clearance, area under the curve to 8 h AUC (0-8), area under the curve to
      infinity AUC (0-infinity) and elimination half-life (t1/2) did not change
      appreciably. No statistically significant changes in nifedipine pharmacokinetics
      occurred in the presence of theophylline.

PMID- 3707814
TI  - Potentiation of the adverse effects of intravenous terbutaline by oral
      theophylline.
AB  - We have studied the influence of therapeutic plasma concentrations of
      theophylline on some of the unwanted responses to intravenous terbutaline in
      normal subjects. There was a significantly greater fall in serum potassium and
      rise in plasma glucose, pulse rate and systolic blood pressure in response to an
      intravenous infusion of terbutaline when theophylline was present compared with
      when terbutaline was given alone. These drugs are commonly used together in the
      treatment of acute asthma and potentiation of side effects may be hazardous. We
      suggest monitoring of the serum potassium when these drugs are used together
      during acute exacerbations of asthma.

PMID- 3707815
TI  - Human gastrointestinal absorption of acyclovir from tablet duodenal infusion and
      sipped solution.
AB  - On two occasions at least 1 week apart, nine healthy male volunteers were
      administered in random order either 2 X 200 mg (1.8 mmol) acyclovir tablets or
      400 mg of acyclovir in 500 ml of 5% dextrose solution which was infused at
      constant rate into the duodenum over 4 h. Six of the subjects subsequently sipped
      the same solution at the rate of 10.4 ml in each 5 min period for 4 h. Blood and
      urine were sampled over 24 h for each mode of administration. Acyclovir was
      assayed by radioimmunoassay. Mean areas under the plasma concentration-time
      curves (AUCs) +/- s.d. for tablet (T), intraduodenal infusion (I) and sipping (S)
      were, respectively: T = 14.7 +/- 5.1; I = 24.6 +/- 5.1; S = 28.4 +/- 9.5 (n = 6)
      mumol l-1 h. AUCs for I and S were significantly greater than that for T (2P less
      than 0.05). Mean apparent maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) +/- s.d. were T =
      3.8 +/- 1.5; I = 4.8 +/- 0.9; S = 5.1 +/- 1.5 mumol l-1. This trend to higher
      values for I and S was not significant. Mean apparent plasma disappearance half
      lives (t1/2) +/- s.d. were respectively T = 2.3 +/- 0.4; I = 2.7 +/- 0.5; S = 3.0
      +/- 0.2 h, I being significantly greater than T (2P less than 0.05), as was S
      greater than T (2P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3707816
TI  - Comment on a letter on the elimination of treatment predictability.

PMID- 3707817
TI  - Aetiological factors in diabetic foot ulceration.

PMID- 3707818
TI  - Can a serum ferritin estimation predict which pregnant women need iron?

PMID- 3707819
TI  - Hypothyroidism in elderly males--an under diagnosis.

PMID- 3707820
TI  - Clinical assessment of non-specific symptoms in children in Japan.

PMID- 3707821
TI  - Abnormal breathing patterns associated with angina-like chest pain.

PMID- 3707822
TI  - Hypokalaemia in the chronic hyperventilation syndrome.

PMID- 3707823
TI  - A very rare dermoid cyst with a new observation regarding pathogenesis.

PMID- 3707824
TI  - Giant urinoma.

PMID- 3707825
TI  - Shock syndrome after acebutolol.

PMID- 3707826
TI  - Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AHA) and lung carcinoma.

PMID- 3707827
TI  - Oesophageal moniliasis.

PMID- 3707828
TI  - Pleural effusion following Legionella pneumophila pneumonia.

PMID- 3707829
TI  - Thrombocytopenic purpura associated with piroxicam.

PMID- 3707830
TI  - Gunshot and bomb blast injuries of the large intestine.

PMID- 3707831
TI  - Treatment of cyclical mastalgia with low dose short term danazol.

PMID- 3707832
TI  - Histochemistry of gastric mucins in smokers and non-smokers.

PMID- 3707833
TI  - Painful swelling following injury to dorsum of left hand.

PMID- 3707834
TI  - Retroperitoneal cysts.

PMID- 3707835
TI  - Primary hyperparathyroidism in a district general hospital.

PMID- 3707836
TI  - Diagnostic peritoneal lavage in blunt abdominal trauma.

PMID- 3707837
TI  - Multiple primary colonic tumours.

PMID- 3707838
TI  - Endometriosis presenting as an acute abdomen.

PMID- 3707839
TI  - Strangulated para-oesophageal hiatus hernia with gangrene and perforation of
      stomach.

PMID- 3707840
TI  - Atypical ischaemic colitis.

PMID- 3707841
TI  - Therapeutic possibilities for control of oxygen-derived free radicals.

PMID- 3707842
TI  - DNA aneuploidy in colorectal adenomas.
AB  - The frequency of DNA aneuploidy was investigated by flow cytometry in 156
      colorectal adenomas including 56 associated with 36 synchronous adenocarcinomas.
      Nine of 156 adenomas (6%) were DNA aneuploid. DNA aneuploidy correlated with
      increasing size (P less than 0.005) and histopathological type P less than 0.05)
      but not with dysplasia. Adenomas in associated with a synchronous adenocarcinoma
      did not have an increased incidence of DNA aneuploidy. Adenocarcinomas found in
      association with adenomas tend to have a lower incidence of DNA aneuploidy then
      the generality of colorectal cancers.

PMID- 3707843
TI  - Diverging trends in incidence and mortality of testicular cancer in Denmark, 1943
      1982.
AB  - Between 1943 and 1982, 5,140 new cases of testicular cancer were diagnosed in
      Denmark. The age-standardized incidence rate more than doubled in the period.
      Striking variations is seen in the age-relationship over time with a four-fold
      increase in incidence for men aged 15-24 years while no increment was observed
      for those above 65 years of age. The increase with time in the risk could be
      accounted for by a cohort effect. The mortality rate did not parallel the
      incidence rate and a 50% decrease in mortality rate appeared in the period 1978
      1982. Introduction of combination chemotherapy including cis-platinum is one of
      the main factors responsible for this beneficial development. The observed
      pattern of diverging trends in incidence and mortality of testicular cancer
      implies that mortality rates do not reflect the incidence and will accordingly be
      unsuited as a basis for aetiological considerations based on trends. The brisk
      increase in the risk of testicular cancer, especially among young men is in
      accordance with trends in other western countries, and prompts an enforced search
      for suspected or new risk factors.

PMID- 3707844
TI  - Melanoma and other tumors of the skin among office, other indoor and outdoor
      workers in Sweden 1961-1979.
AB  - Through a record linkage of the 1960 Swedish Population Census and the 1961-79
      Cancer Registry it was possible to analyse the occurrence of melanoma and other
      skin tumours by occupations, classified as either outdoor, office or other indoor
      work. Office work as compared to other indoor work was associated with risk of
      melanoma of the covered, but not the uncovered, parts of the body. It is shown
      that social class is a confounding factor in such analysis, but the elevated risk
      of melanoma of covered parts of the body among office workers is not entirely due
      to their higher social class.

PMID- 3707845
TI  - The influence of sample source and cell concentration on the in vitro
      chemosensitivity of haematological tumours.
AB  - The Differential Staining Cytotoxicity (DiSC) assay has been used to study the
      effects of sample source and cell concentration on the in vitro chemosensitivity
      of haematological malignancies. The chemosensitivity of blood and bone marrow
      samples was significantly associated (P less than 0.001) in 12 cases where both
      were tested simultaneously. In 8 of the cases, where the in vitro result could be
      compared with clinical response, the in vitro and in vivo chemosensitivity was in
      agreement in 7, for both blood and bone marrow samples. The in vitro
      chemosensitivity of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia blood lymphocytes was dependent
      on the cell concentration for 4 out of 5 drugs tested. A five fold reduction in
      cell number resulted in a significantly greater cell kill with 4
      hydroperoxycyclophosphamide, a greater cell kill (not significant) with
      chlorambucil and adriamycin, and a significantly lower cell kill with
      prednisolone. The cell concentration did not affect vincristine cytotoxicity.
      These results suggest that sample source is not an important consideration for
      the in vitro chemosensitivity of leukaemias, but that the cell concentration
      tested should not be varied from assay to assay if the results are to be used for
      comparative purposes.

PMID- 3707846
TI  - Immunocytochemistry in the detection of bone marrow metastases in patients with
      primary lung cancer.

PMID- 3707847
TI  - Role of the calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine on the induction and expression
      of cell cycle traverse perturbations and cytotoxicity of daunorubicin and
      doxorubicin (adriamycin) in doxorubicin-resistant P388 mouse leukaemia cells.

PMID- 3707848
TI  - On cohort effects in studies on oral contraceptive use and breast cancer.

PMID- 3707849
TI  - Pseudo-leptospires in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid and blood cell cultures.
AB  - Two types of microscopic filaments were observed in mucous and fluid obtained by
      broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL). Filaments in mucous smears were probably cilia
      from desquamated ciliated epithelial cells. Those in BAL fluid, resembling
      leptospira, may originate from platelets as similar filaments were produced in
      vitro by exposing platelets to thrombin.

PMID- 3707850
TI  - Long term functional improvement of dystrophic mouse leg muscles upon early
      immobilization.
AB  - The long term effects of immobilization of one hindleg, during the second
      postnatal week, were investigated in dystrophic ReJ 129 dy/dy strain of mice. The
      muscles of the immobilized limb were compared with those of the contralateral,
      non-treated side and with those of naturally dystrophic age-mates, after 1, 2 and
      3 months of remobilization. It appeared that the experimental animals made better
      use of their remobilized leg than of the contralateral leg for locomotion. The
      remobilized muscles were significantly less atrophic than the contralateral
      muscles and they also contained more muscle fibres. It is concluded that during
      postnatal growth and differentiation the dystrophic muscle fibres pass through a
      sensitive period. Immobilization during this period prevents the majority of the
      muscle fibres from becoming affected. Remobilization induces pathological
      features in the muscles, but they remain less damaged than the non-immobilized
      muscles.

PMID- 3707851
TI  - Monocyte recruitment, antigen degradation and localization in cutaneous
      leishmaniasis.
AB  - The relationship between the destruction of Leishmania, the recruitment of
      monocytes and macrophage activity in the lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL)
      was studied in 53 biopsies representing the phases of evolution of the infection.
      Lysozyme, amastigotes and their degradation products were located by their
      specific antibodies. A rising level of monocyte influx was found to correlate
      with the degradation and solubilization of antigen, a falling level with final
      clearance. Differences in the results supported the previous concept of
      macrophage activation and macrophage lysis as alternative mechanisms for the
      elimination of Leishmania. Macrophage activation appeared to coincide with re
      phagocytosis of externalized antigenic products of different type and origin.
      Macrophage lysis was a fully effective mechanism only when the antigen was
      contained within a focalized granuloma before mass lysis. Failing this,
      degradation and clearance of antigen were incomplete, and residues were
      sequestered on the periphery of the lesion where they bound to collagen and
      epidermis with consequential tissue damage. Antigen was demonstrated on the
      surface of lightly parasitized macrophages but not heavily infected ones. Other
      cells bound antigen without ingesting it, a process which might allow antigen
      presentation though it would also favour survival of parasites within the cell.

PMID- 3707852
TI  - Gastrointestinal histamine after thoracic irradiation in the mouse.
AB  - Thoracic irradiation induced duodenal lesions in mice as an indirect effect. We
      studied the influence of partial thoracic irradiation on endogenous histamine
      stores in the alimentary canal. Mice subjected to lower mediastinal irradiation
      had significantly higher (+19%) median gastric histamine, but lower (-44%) distal
      duodenal histamine than controls. They also had significantly lower proximal (
      39%) and distal (-44%) duodenal histamine than mice who received upper
      mediastinal irradiation. Twenty-three percent of mice after lower mediastinal
      irradiation had duodenal lesions; these had significantly lower proximal (-30%)
      and distal (-44%) duodenal histamine than controls. Thus, irradiation to the
      lower mediastinum induced both duodenal lesions and significant changes in
      gastric and duodenal histamine stores. Histamine may be involved in the
      pathogenesis of these lesions.

PMID- 3707853
TI  - Diet induced atherogenic hyperlipoproteinaemia and liver injury in cynomolgus
      macaques.
AB  - This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of an experimental anti
      atherosclerosis drug in the adult male cynomolgus monkey. A semipurified diet
      containing 0.5% cholesterol and 25.5% butter was fed to groups of 20, each, drug
      and placebo-treated animals for 18 months. Similar liver and arterial changes
      were present in both groups. However, we report here tissue changes seen in
      animals given placebo only, with plasma lipid and lipoprotein values of placebo
      treated animals compared to those in animals fed nonatherogenic commercial
      ration. Animals fed atherogenic diet had enlarged livers (mean 3.9% b.w.), and
      all had evidence of hepatocellular lipid accumulation which was often marked and
      diffuse. Cholangitis was common including mononuclear cell infiltration, bile
      ductule proliferation and portal tract fibrosis. Five animals had severe portal
      fibrosis with bands of connective tissue extending into and around lobules
      (bridging fibrosis). All animals fed atherogenic diet developed
      hypercholesterolemia (greater than 600 mg/dl) which was the result of a three
      fold increase in five cholesterol and cholesterol ester. Oleic acid was increased
      and linoleic acid was reduced in plasma phospholipids and cholesterol esters.
      Plasma lipoprotein distribution was altered with a marked increase in low density
      lipoproteins, increased very low density lipoproteins and decreased high density
      lipoproteins. These changes were undoubtedly caused by diet, i.e., high in
      cholesterol and saturated fat and limiting in linoleic acid. It is probable that
      diet-induced liver injury would affect the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in
      this model since the liver is central in the synthesis and metabolism of
      lipoproteins.

PMID- 3707854
TI  - Reevaluation of some of the kinetics of carbon colloid clearance by the
      mononuclear phagocyte system in vivo.
AB  - The kinetics of clearance of carbon colloid from the blood stream by the
      mononuclear phagocyte system in rats and mice was investigated. Results are
      presented which show that the clearance of blood borne carbon follows non
      monoexponential and not monoexponential kinetics as had been thought for the past
      three decades. Further, it is also shown that the phagocytic index is not
      dependent upon the dose of carbon injected intravenously.

PMID- 3707855
TI  - Acute toxicity of T2 mycotoxin to the guinea-pig by inhalation and subcutaneous
      routes.
AB  - The acute inhalation and subcutaneous toxicity of T2 mycotoxin has been
      investigated in guinea-pigs. The toxicity by the two routes was quantitatively
      and qualitatively similar. The LCt50 was 5749 mg min m-3 and the subcutaneous
      LD50 1-2 mg kg-1. Histological changes in the decedents which were similar by
      both routes of administration were most marked in the lymphoreticular system but
      also occurred in the gut. Lymphocytolysis and phagocytosis occurred in both the
      cortex of the thymus and of the lymph nodes. Lymph nodes were more severely
      affected in the decedents among the animals dosed with T2 by the subcutaneous
      route. The small intestine exhibited dead and dying cells throughout the lamina
      propria after T2 by either route.

PMID- 3707856
TI  - Melphalan resistance in myeloma.

PMID- 3707857
TI  - Lactoferrin binds to neutrophilic membrane DNA.
AB  - Lactoferrin (LF) binding to the surface of human neutrophils was shown to be
      dependent upon the presence of cell surface DNA by (i) an abrogation of LF
      binding after treatment of whole cells with DNAse; (ii) an abrogation of LF
      binding to a purified cell membrane suspension after DNAse digestion, (iii) a
      restoration of LF binding, after initial treatment of cells with DNAse, by the
      addition of exogenous DNA. Using a biotinylated LF probe, no other binding
      molecules were found after SDS PAGE of neutrophil cell membrane proteins. Further
      evidence of a DNA-LF interaction was obtained by the co-isolation of LF with DNA
      by both gel chromatography and affinity chromatography using Heparin Sepharose CL
      6B. The interaction of LF with neutrophils was a saturable phenomenon with a Kd
      of 6.2 X 10(-6) M and a maximum binding of 9.2 X 10(6) molecules per cell. These
      results suggest that cell membrane DNA may have a novel role as a receptor for
      LF, and indicates the need for further experiments to determine whether the
      functional effects of LF are modified by the DNAse treatment of LF responsive
      cells.

PMID- 3707858
TI  - An evaluation of the acidified glycerol lysis test.
AB  - The acidified glycerol lysis test (AGLT), as a screening procedure for
      spherocytosis, has been assessed for sensitivity and specificity. AGLT identified
      24 of 26 subjects with hereditary spherocytosis and produced 19 abnormal AGLTs
      out of a total of 52 normal blood donors. The claims for the test as being both
      100% sensitive and specific could not be confirmed.

PMID- 3707859
TI  - Immunological abnormalities in myelodysplastic syndromes. I. Serum
      immunoglobulins and autoantibodies.
AB  - The immunoglobulin levels and autoantibody profiles of 104 patients with primary
      myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), classified according to the FAB criteria, were
      analysed. Eight patients, four with coexistent non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, three
      with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and one with a lymphoplasmacytoma, were
      excluded from the final analysis of immunoglobulin levels. Serum protein
      electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis revealed the presence of monoclonal
      gammopathy in 12 patients (12.5%). Of the remaining 84 patients, a polyclonal
      rise in serum immunoglobulins was present in 27 (32%) while a further 16 (19%)
      had low immunoglobulin levels. The direct antiglobulin test was positive in eight
      out of 98 patients tested (8.1%), and organ and non-organ specific autoantibodies
      were present in 15 out of 67 patients tested (22.3%). Two patients had associated
      pernicious anaemia (PA), two hypothyroidism, and one PA with hypothyroidism.
      Three patients had sero-negative rheumatoid arthritis. These results demonstrate
      that there is a high incidence of immunological abnormalities in MDS.

PMID- 3707860
TI  - Immunological abnormalities in myelodysplastic syndromes. II. Coexistent lymphoid
      or plasma cell neoplasms: a report of 20 cases unrelated to chemotherapy.
AB  - We report a series of 20 patients with the myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) each
      with a coexistent lymphoid or plasmacytic neoplasm. In none of the patients did
      chemotherapy play a part in the pathogenesis. The possible reasons for the
      coincidence of these conditions are discussed. The frequency and variety of
      associated neoplasms reinforces the idea that in MDS there are genetically
      unstable progenitor cells liable to clonal differentiation along a variety of
      pathways given appropriate stimuli.

PMID- 3707861
TI  - Abstracts of papers presented at a one-day scientific meeting of the British
      Society for Haematology. London, 15 November 1985.

PMID- 3707862
TI  - Remission of amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia induced by antilymphocyte globulin
      (ALG).

PMID- 3707863
TI  - The influence of oxygen tension on the long-term growth in vitro of
      haematopoietic progenitor cells from human cord blood.
AB  - Growth of low density human cord blood cells in long-term suspension culture was
      evaluated at incubation conditions of 5% carbon dioxide in approximately 20%
      (normal incubator) oxygen tension or in 5% (low) oxygen tension. During the first
      5 weeks there was no difference in the numbers of morphologically recognizable
      cells grown at either oxygen tension, while growth was superior from weeks 5 to 8
      at approximately 20% oxygen tension. For the first 5 weeks, growth of granulocyte
      macrophage progenitors (CFU-GM) was superior at 5% oxygen tension during the long
      term and semi-solid culture phases and least impressive in the long-term and semi
      solid cultures incubated at approximately 20% oxygen. This trend was reversed
      after 5 weeks and after 8 weeks there were no detectable CFU-GM in suspension
      cultures at 5% oxygen while steady state levels of CFU-GM were maintained for
      greater than 12 weeks in suspension cultures at approximately 20% oxygen. Semi
      solid cultures for erythroid (BFU-E) and multipotential (CFU-GEMM) progenitors
      were incubated at approximately 20% oxygen only. During the first 4 weeks, the
      growth of BFU-E and CFU-GEMM was superior at 5% oxygen during long-term culture.
      Numbers of these cells decreased by week 5 and at this time growth was better in
      the long-term cultures grown at approximately 20% oxygen. By week 6, no BFU-E or
      CFU-GEMM were detectable. Thus, growth of cord blood at low oxygen tension gives
      an initial enhancement in output of progenitor cells, but this appears to be at
      the expense of continued production.

PMID- 3707864
TI  - G6PD-deficiency infectious haemolysis: a complement dependent innocent bystander
      phenomenon.
AB  - Dramatic haemolysis may accompany viral hepatitis and pneumococcal pneumonia in
      G6PD-deficient patients. Since red blood cells (RBCs) are richly endowed with
      receptors for activated complement, particularly C3b, we hypothesized that bulky,
      complement-activating immune complexes (IC) consisting of microbes and antibody
      might attract granulocytes (PMNs), facilitating oxidative 'innocent bystander'
      RBC damage. Indeed, opsonization with only two type-2 pneumococcus (PN3)/anti
      PN3/C3b complexes per RBC caused agglutination of RBC, a phenomenon termed immune
      adherence. Addition of as few as one PMN per 20 opsonized RBCs caused the
      glutathione (GSH) levels of co-incubated G6PD-deficient RBCs to fall by 30% (from
      3.5 to 1.8 +/- 0.8 mumoles GSH/g Hb) compared to identically incubated, but
      nonopsonized, G6PD-deficient RBCs. GSH levels remained normal (5.2 +/- 0.4
      mumoles/g Hb) in PMN-exposed opsonized normal RBCs. GSH depletion in G6PD
      deficient RBC was directly related to disease severity--falling a mean 33% in
      RBCs from two Black G6PD A- subjects but 59% in two Caucasian G6PD deficient
      RBCs. Prevention of C3b generation (with 10 mM EDTA) during opsonization
      abrogated both immune adherence and PMN-mediated GSH decline in oxidant-sensitive
      cells. Similarly, removal of C3b receptors by brief trypsin incubation of RBCs
      eliminated immune adherence and GSH decline. Thus, both phenomena are dependent
      on IC complement activation and subsequent binding of the bacterial IC to the RBC
      complement receptors. Although clearance of IC by RBCs may be beneficial in
      protecting other tissues from inflammatory damage, G6PD-deficient RBCs are
      vulnerable to oxidants generated by juxtaposed phagocytes--cells attracted to,
      and stimulated by, the immune complex/C3b combination. It is suggested that this
      'Good Samaritan' activity of RBCs may lead to haemolysis during periods of
      exuberant antibody response to microbes.

PMID- 3707865
TI  - Volcanoes and occupational health.

PMID- 3707867
TI  - Respiratory disability in ex-flax workers.
AB  - Acute respiratory effects occur in a high proportion of subjects exposed to
      textile dusts. The extent to which these lead to permanent respiratory symptoms
      and loss of lung function is unknown. A survey of random population samples was
      therefore conducted in ten towns in Northern Ireland in which flax processing had
      been a major source of employment. The MRC questionnaire on respiratory symptoms
      was administered and Vitalograph tracings recorded on subjects aged 40 to 74
      inclusive. An occupational history was taken at the end of each interview. Lung
      function in ex-flax workers was slightly lower than in control subjects never
      exposed to flax dust, but the presence of a positive interaction with age meant
      that differences were apparent only in the younger subjects. Over about the age
      of 65 the lung function in the ex-flax workers was comparable with that of the
      controls and overall the loss was at most about half that due to light smoking (1
      14 cigarettes a day). The association between a "dust exposure score" and lung
      function was inconsistent in the two sexes. In men there was a small decrement
      with increasing dust exposure. In women there was also a small decrement, but a
      positive interaction with age meant that the women with the highest dust exposure
      scores had a lower loss with increasing age than the women with the least dust
      exposure. There was an excess in symptoms in the ex-flax workers but the size of
      the excess was greater than would be expected from the lung function results. It
      is possible that, although the survey was conducted without explicit reference to
      the flax industry, knowledge throughout Northern Ireland that many flax workers
      have been awarded compensation on the grounds of respiratory disablement may have
      led to an increased reporting of symptoms in the ex-flax workers.

PMID- 3707866
TI  - Irreversible effects of dichloromethane on the brain after long term exposure: a
      quantitative study of DNA and the glial cell marker proteins S-100 and GFA.
AB  - Two astroglial proteins S-100 and GFA, as well as DNA, were quantitatively
      determined in different regions of the gerbil brain after continuous long term
      exposure to moderate concentrations of dichloromethane. The intention of the
      experiment was to expose three groups of animals at three different solvent
      concentrations (210, 350, or 700 ppm) for three months. Because of the high
      mortality rate, however, the 700 ppm experiment was terminated after seven weeks.
      In the 350 ppm experiment half the exposed animals died and the exposure period
      was terminated after ten weeks. After the exposure period, the surviving gerbils
      in the 350 ppm exposure group and those from the 210 ppm group were allowed a
      postexposure solvent free period of four months. After exposure to 350 ppm,
      increased concentrations of the two astroglial proteins were found in the frontal
      and sensory motor cerebral cortex, compatible with astrogliosis in these regions.
      Exposure to 350 ppm and 210 ppm decreased the concentrations of DNA in the
      hippocampus. Moreover, after exposure at 350 ppm, DNA concentrations were also
      decreased in the cerebellar hemispheres. These results indicate a decreased cell
      density in these brain regions, probably due to cell loss. The neurotoxic effects
      were not found to correlate with the endogenous formation of carbon monoxide.

PMID- 3707868
TI  - Relation between dust exposure and lung function in miners and ex-miners.
AB  - A sample of men working in the British coal industry in the 1950s has been
      followed up and examined 22 years later. The relations between lung function and
      individual cumulative exposure to respirable dust have been studied in 1867 men
      who were still working in the industry at the time of follow up and 2192 men who
      had left. Levels of forced expired volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital
      capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC ratio at follow up were found to be inversely
      related to exposure to respirable dust after allowing for other factors, even in
      men without pneumoconiosis. The magnitude of this estimated effect was equivalent
      to a loss of 228 ml FEV1 in response to an exposure of 300 gh/m3, a moderately
      high exposure for this group. Ex-miners aged under 65 had worse lung function
      than miners on average, suggesting that ill health had encouraged some of these
      men to leave the industry. Whereas a more severe response to dust exposure among
      ex-miners under 65 was suggested, this difference could easily have arisen by
      chance. The presence of symptoms of chronic bronchitis was associated with
      reduced levels of lung function, however, and, additionally, ex-miners under 65
      with chronic bronchitis showed a more severe response of the FVC to dust exposure
      than miners without these symptoms. Among these ex-miners with chronic bronchitis
      a small group of men who had taken other jobs showed a much more severe effect of
      dust exposure on their lung function than the average, likely in heavily exposed
      men to contribute importantly to disability. Men in this group who had given up
      smoking showed and even more severe effect of dust exposure, equivalent to a loss
      of 940 ml FEV1 in response to an exposure of 300 gh/m3. These results indicate
      that exposure to respirable dust can occasionally cause severe respiratory
      impairment in the absence of progressive massive fibrosis. Dust exposure was
      related to a parallel reduction of FEV1 and FVC, implying that the pathology of
      dust induced lung damage differs form that induced by smoking. This pattern of
      abnormality was shown by some non-smokers, whereas smokers and ex-smokers
      apparently severely affected by dust showed a classic obstructive pattern of
      abnormality with pronounced reduction of the FEV1/FVC ratio.

PMID- 3707869
TI  - Determination of the distribution of conduction velocities in workers exposed to
      lead, zinc, and copper.
AB  - By measuring the distribution of conduction velocities (DCV) in sensory fibres of
      the median nerve, the effects of asymptomatic increased lead, zinc, and copper
      absorption on the conduction velocities of slower and faster nerve fibres were
      examined in 29 gun metal founders with blood lead (BPb) concentrations of 22-59
      (mean 39) micrograms/dl (1.1-2.8 (mean 1.9) mumol/l). The results indicated that
      the conduction velocities of slower fibres were inversely affected by lead
      absorption, resulting in a significant reduction in the velocities at the BPb
      level of 40-59 micrograms/dl; on the other hand, the conduction velocities of
      faster fibres and the conventional sensory nerve conduction velocity were
      presumably positively affected by zinc absorption without a significant reduction
      in the velocities of faster fibres. It is suggested that assessment of the
      possible antagonistic effect of zinc is essential when conduction velocities are
      not decreased in lead exposed workers.

PMID- 3707870
TI  - Branchial challenge of normal subjects with the endotoxin of Enterobacter
      agglomerans isolated from cotton dust.
AB  - Endotoxin produced by a culture of Enterobacter agglomerans isolated from cotton
      dust was inhaled by 12 normal subjects. No significant airway constriction was
      obtained in doses equivalent to those experienced in a workshift in a dusty mill.
      There was a statistically significant difference between this result and the
      bronchoconstriction that had occurred after flax dust inhalation in the same
      subjects. It is suggested that Enterobacter agglomerans endotoxin is not the
      causative agent of the acute bronchoconstriction that follows inhalation of
      textile dust.

PMID- 3707871
TI  - A survey of cancer and occupation in young and middle aged men. I. Cancers of the
      respiratory tract.
AB  - In a search for clues to previously industrial carcinogens the occupational and
      smoking histories of young and middle aged men with different types of cancer
      were compared. The study population comprised men aged 18-54 and resident in the
      counties of Cleveland, Humberside, and Cheshire (including the Wirral). From
      hospital and cancer registration records 2942 members of the study population in
      whom cancers were diagnosed during the period 1975-80 were identified
      retrospectively. The occupational and smoking histories of these patients were
      sought by a postal questionnaire addressed either to the patients themselves or,
      if they had died, to their next of kin. The overall response rate to the
      questionnaire was 52.1%. Additionally, limited occupational information was
      obtained for 89% of cases from their hospital notes. Analysis of these data
      suggests that no serious bias arose as a consequence of the incomplete response
      to the questionnaire. This paper concentrates on the results for cancers of the
      respiratory tract and mesothelioma. Mesothelioma was found to cluster in laggers,
      electricians, and shipyard workers, and nasal carcinoma in woodworkers.
      Carcinomas of the larynx and of the bronchus were examined by formal statistical
      techniques, each being compared with a control group made up of all other cancers
      combined. Several interesting occupational and industrial associations were
      shown, in particular, an excess of bronchial carcinoma in the leather industry
      (RR = 2.6, CI 1.2-6.0), in building labourers (RR = 1.7, CI 1.0-2.9) and other
      construction workers (RR = 1.8, CI 1.0-3.0), in bakers and pastry cooks (RR =
      3.6, CI 1.3-10.4). and in cooks (RR = 2.5, CI 1.2-5.1). In addition, a small
      cluster of lung tumours was observed in men who had worked as dental mechanics.

PMID- 3707872
TI  - Effects of 50 Hz electric currents on mood and verbal reasoning skills.
AB  - Seventy-six male volunteers were studied in a crossover trial to assess the
      impact on the central system of electric currents such as might be induced by
      exposure to an intense power frequency electric field. Currents totalling 500
      microamperes (50 Hz) were passed through electrodes attached to the head, upper
      arms, and feet, simulating exposure of and average man to a vertical electric
      field of about 36 kV/m. Exposure was continuous for a single day (5.5 hours) and
      the experiment was based on a double blind, counterbalanced, within subject
      design. A series of psychological tests examining self reports of both stress and
      arousal (mood checklist) and performance tests of memory, attention, and verbal
      skills were administered. Although the double blind conditions were compromised
      to some extent by reported sensations at electrode sites, the duration of these
      sensations was small in relation to the overall exposure or sham exposure time
      and did not interact with the effects apparently associated with exposure that
      were found. No significant difference between the exposed and sham-exposed groups
      was found on the first day, but on the second day the sham exposed group felt
      more aroused at the end of the day and their response times had improved more on
      the complex problems of a syntactic reasoning test. No exposure effects were
      apparent in self reports of stress or in performance in a semantic reasoning
      test, although both showed some influence of sensations. Interpretation of the
      exposure effects is complicated by their apparent restriction of the second test
      day, which may indicate some type of state dependent transfer phenomenon.

PMID- 3707873
TI  - Gastric cancer in a south Wales valley.

PMID- 3707874
TI  - Arsine gas poisoning: the importance of exchange transfusions in severe cases.

PMID- 3707875
TI  - Regression estimate of the adjusted risk ratio.

PMID- 3707876
TI  - Fetal volume blood flow and umbilical artery flow velocity waveform analysis: a
      comparison.
AB  - The estimation of fetal umbilical vein and aortic volume blood flow was compared
      with umbilical artery flow velocity-time waveform analysis in 42 pregnancies. The
      volume blood flow measurements were made with a combined linear array B-mode and
      pulsed Doppler ultrasound system. The umbilical artery flow velocity-time
      waveform analysis was made with either pulsed or continuous wave 2 MHz Doppler
      ultrasound and the systolic/diastolic (A/B) ratio was used as an index of flow
      resistance. There was no difference when continuous wave was compared to pulsed
      Doppler ultrasound as a method of recording flow velocity waveforms. Analysis of
      the umbilical artery flow velocity-time waveform was more sensitive (100%-50%)
      than the measurement of umbilical vein volume blood flow (ml/kg/min) in the
      detection of the small-for-gestational age (SGA) fetus. The predictive value of a
      positive test was higher (71%-45%) while specificity was similar (88%-81%).
      Descending aortic volume flow was reduced in only one SGA fetus. The increase in
      umbilical placental downstream resistance (high systolic/diastolic ratio) was
      associated with a reduction in the percentage of fetal aortic blood flow directed
      to the umbilical placental circulation.

PMID- 3707877
TI  - Umbilical cord whole blood viscosity and the umbilical artery flow velocity time
      waveforms: a correlation.
AB  - The possibility was examined of an association between umbilical cord whole blood
      viscosity and umbilical artery flow velocity time waveforms obtained with
      continuous wave Doppler ultrasound. The cord blood viscosity was measured at both
      high (100 s-1) and low (0.1 s-1) shear rates with a concentric cylinder
      viscometer. Plasma viscosity and fibrinogen were also measured. An abnormal
      pattern in the umbilical artery flow velocity waveform (high A/B ratio)
      indicative of high resistance was associated with an increase in whole blood
      viscosity at high shear (which may reflect a change in red cell rigidity).
      Viscosity at low shear (reflecting red cell aggregation and rouleaux formation)
      did not differ. There was a significant association between the small-for
      gestational age fetus and abnormal umbilical artery waveform study (P less than
      0.002) but not abnormal whole blood viscosity at high (P = 0.09) or low (P =
      0.08) shear.

PMID- 3707878
TI  - The relation of birthweight to histological appearances in vessels of the
      placental bed.
AB  - Biopsy of the placental bed was attempted at caesarean section in 109 patients:
      77 consecutive and 32 selected because of the maternal or fetal condition. Forty
      seven (44%) of these biopsies were from the placental bed and contained spiral
      arteries suitable for comment. Histological examination separated the patients
      into four groups: comprising 11 whose vessels showed normal physiological
      changes, 20 who showed inadequate physiological change, 12 with acute atherosis,
      and four with a mixed pattern. There was no relation between these changes and
      maternal age, parity, race or smoking habit, but no physiological change and
      atherosis were more common in association with maternal hypertension. Mean
      adjusted birthweight was greatest in those with physiological changes, less in
      those without physiological changes or the mixed pattern, and least in those with
      atherosis. The four patients in the mixed group did not have any unifying
      clinical characteristics.

PMID- 3707879
TI  - The relation between plasma urate and placental bed vascular adaptation to
      pregnancy.
AB  - Placental bed biopsies were obtained at caesarean section from 34 women. Their
      plasma urate was directly related to maximum mean arterial pressure and inversely
      to adjusted birthweight; but it was related most closely to the histological
      appearances of the spiral arteries in the placental bed. Nine women had
      physiological changes in the spiral arteries: their mean urate (233, SD 28.9
      mumol/l) was significantly (P less than 0.001) lower than the mean urate in those
      who did not have adequate physiological changes (339, SD 90.3 mumol/l) or that in
      the nine women who had atherosis (397, SD 153.2 mumol/l). Raised plasma urate
      appears to be better related to maternal vascular pathology than to the clinical
      condition or infant birthweight.

PMID- 3707880
TI  - Fertility and pregnancy after operation for a prolactinoma.
AB  - Pituitary exploration was performed in 40 women with hyperprolactinaemic
      infertility and a prolactinoma was found in 37. After operation 26 (65%) of the
      40 patients had a normal serum prolactin concentration; 31 women have so far had
      49 pregnancies; in seven of these patients bromocriptine therapy was used after
      surgery. Eight of the remaining nine women were shown to be ovulating, but four
      of these subsequently decided not to attempt a pregnancy. The course and outcome
      of the 49 pregnancies were similar to those in normal women and no visual or
      endocrine complications occurred. Surgical removal of a prolactinoma often
      restores fertility, and may secure a safer pregnancy.

PMID- 3707881
TI  - Primary infertility in women exposed to diethylstilboestrol in utero.
AB  - In a selected group of 40 women who had been exposed to diethylstilboestrol in
      utero, 18 conceived without difficulty and 22 had primary infertility. Among
      those with primary infertility there was a significantly higher rate of
      anatomical structural defects and a greater tendency for menstrual disorders than
      in those without infertility. Thirteen (59%) of the women with primary
      infertility conceived, most after treatment with ovulation stimulating drugs.
      Spontaneous abortion and tubal pregnancy were frequent (47% and 10% respectively)
      and similar in both fertility groups. Of 13 infertile women examined, 4 (31%) had
      mild hyperprolactinemia--a hithero unreported finding for such women.

PMID- 3707882
TI  - Medical dilatation of the non-pregnant cervix: the effect of ethinyl oestradiol
      on the visibility of the transformation zone.
AB  - The cervical transformation zone (TZ) was not fully visible in 25 women referred
      to the colposcopy clinic with cytological suspicion of cervical intraepithelial
      neoplasia (CIN). Each was given a 5-day course of oral ethinyl oestradiol during
      the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, and colposcopy was then repeated.
      The transformation zone was visible at this second examination in 16 of the 25
      patients. Of these patients, 11 were treated with a local destructive technique,
      nine by laser, two by cryocautery; one patient had a cone biopsy, and four
      patients did not require treatment. Although cone biopsy was necessary in 8 of
      the remaining 9 patients it is encouraging that the use of a simple medical
      regimen allowed us to avoid conisation and its morbidity in almost two thirds of
      these patients.

PMID- 3707883
TI  - Vaginal hyperplasia--a complication of hormone replacement therapy? Case report.

PMID- 3707884
TI  - Metastatic breast carcinoma arising in the endometrium. Case report.

PMID- 3707885
TI  - Treatment of recurrent carcinoma of the cervix with bromocriptine.

PMID- 3707886
TI  - Human placental sulphate transport is strongly inhibited by salicylate.

PMID- 3707887
TI  - Blood pressure alters during the normal menstrual cycle.

PMID- 3707888
TI  - Formation of methyl ester of 2-methylglyceric acid from thymine glycol residues:
      a convenient new method for determining radiation damage to DNA.
AB  - Thymine glycol residues in DNA or thymidine were converted to methyl 2
      methylglycerate by reaction with alkaline borohydride followed by methanolic HCl.
      The product was labeled either from [3H]DNA or from [3H]borohydride and was
      followed by cochromatography with authentic 14C-labeled material. Following acid
      hydrolysis, the identity of 2-methylglyceric acid was confirmed by high
      resolution mass spectrometry, NMR, IR, and elemental analysis. Treatment of DNA
      or thymidine with X-irradiation, with H2O2 and Fe2+, with H2O2, Cu2+, and
      ascorbate, and with H2O2 and ultraviolet light, permanganate, or sonication all
      produced methyl 2-methylglycerate in varying amounts after alkaline borohydride
      and methanolic HCl, whereas untreated DNA did not. The data indicate that certain
      oxidants including hydroxyl radicals generated by chemical means or from
      radiolysis of water convert thymine residues to thymine glycols in DNA, which can
      be determined as methyl 2-methylglycerate.

PMID- 3707889
TI  - Condensation of chromatin: role of multivalent cations.
AB  - We have used electric dichroism to investigate the influence of multivalent
      cations upon the compaction of chicken erythrocyte chromatin from the unfolded,
      10-nm fiber to the 30-nm solenoid and subsequent aggregation. The pattern of
      condensation, which consists of compaction plus aggregation, is found to be
      strikingly similar for a variety of cations of differing charge, including the
      physiologically important polyamines spermine and spermidine. With a few
      exceptions such as Cu2+ and Gd3+, an optimally compacted fiber with reproducible
      hydrodynamic properties is produced prior to the onset of aggregation. We report
      the concentrations of di-, tri-, and tetravalent cations required for optimal
      condensation; in addition, for tri- and tetravalent cations, we were able to
      estimate the extent of charge neutralization produced by their binding to the
      optimally compacted fiber. The results show that the multivalent ion
      concentration required for optimal compaction decreases as cationic charge
      increases. In addition, the effect of a mixture of dilute mono- and multivalent
      cations on chromatin condensation is synergistic, rather than competitive as has
      been found for the multivalent cation induced condensation of DNA or the B----Z
      conformational transition. A simple calculation indicates that the entropy of ion
      uptake in chromatin condensation is surprisingly constant for a range of ionic
      conditions; this factor may be a dominant one in determining the folding
      equilibrium.

PMID- 3707890
TI  - Binding of cis- and trans-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) to deoxyribonucleic acid
      exposes nucleosides as measured immunochemically with anti-nucleoside antibodies.
AB  - We report the use of anti-nucleoside antibodies to probe for local denaturation
      of calf thymus DNA upon binding of the antitumor drug cis
      diamminedichloroplatinum(II), cis-DDP, and the biologically inactive analogues
      trans-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), trans-DDP, and
      chloro(diethylenetriamine)platinum(II) chloride, [Pt(dien)Cl]Cl. These antibodies
      specifically recognize each of the four DNA nucleosides. They bind well to
      denatured DNA, but not to native DNA in which the bases are less accessible owing
      to Watson-Crick duplex structure. At relatively high levels of modification (D/N
      approximately 0.1), cis-DDP causes significant disruption of DNA base pairing as
      reflected by the increased binding of anti-cytidine, anti-adenosine, and anti
      thymidine antibodies. At lower levels of platinum adduct formation, however, all
      four anti-nucleoside antibodies bind more to DNA modified with trans-DDP. This
      result indicates that adducts formed by trans-DDP disrupt the DNA structure to a
      greater extent than those formed by cis-DDP at low D/N ratios. Modification of
      DNA by the monofunctional complex [Pt(dien)Cl]Cl does not affect its recognition
      by anti-nucleoside antibodies, demonstrating that base pair disruption is a
      consequence of bifunctional binding. The relative anti-nucleoside antibody
      recognition of cis-DDP-modified DNA is anti-cytosine greater than anti-adenosine
      approximately anti-thymidine much greater than anti-guanosine, consistent with
      the major adduct being an intrastrand d(GpG) cross-link. These results reveal
      that base pair disruption in a naturally occurring DNA modified by either cis-DDP
      or trans-DDP is sufficient to be detected by protein (antibody) binding. The
      relevance of these findings to current ideas about the molecular mechanism of
      action of cis-DDP is discussed.

PMID- 3707891
TI  - N-hydroxysulfosuccinimido active esters and the L-(+)-lactate transport protein
      in rabbit erythrocytes.
AB  - Esters of N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide strongly inhibit L-(+)-lactate transport in
      rabbit erythrocytes, probably by acylating amino groups on the transport protein.
      Lactate transport studies using bis(sulfosuccinimido) suberate (BS3),
      bis(sulfosuccinimido) adipate (BS2A), bis(sulfosuccinimido)
      dithiobis(propionate), and a variety of monocarboxylate esters suggest that an
      exofacial amino group of the lactate transport protein is essential for lactate
      transport. Also, reductive methylation studies show that even when positive
      charge is preserved in modified amino groups, the transport is strongly
      inhibited. At pH less than 6, band 3 mediated inorganic anion transport is
      enhanced in BS3-treated cells, while at pH greater than 6, it is inhibited. BS3
      induced inhibition of L-(+)-lactate transport does not have this pH dependence.
      BS3 reduces the labeling of a 40-50-kDa membrane polypeptide (band R) by
      tritiated 4,4'-diisothiocyanato-2,2-dihydrostilbenedisulfonate ([3H]H2DIDS) and
      by tritiated bis(sulfosuccinimido) adipate ([3H]BS2A). Tritiated sulfosuccinimido
      acetate (S2[3H]acetate) also labels band R, over a range of concentrations where
      lactate transport is inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by S2 acetate. BS3 is a
      known impermeant protein cross-linker. S2 acetate permeates rabbit red cell
      membranes by an H2DIDS-inhibitable mechanism. BS3 cross-links the proteolytic
      fragments of rabbit band 3 produced by extracellular chymotrypsin. These labeling
      experiments support an association between band R and specific monocarboxylate
      transport.

PMID- 3707892
TI  - Relationship between lipid fluidity and water permeability of bovine tracheal
      epithelial cell apical membranes.
AB  - Apical membrane vesicles were prepared from bovine tracheal epithelial cells.
      These membranes were enriched in alkaline phosphatase specific activity 35-fold
      compared to cellular homogenates. Steady-state fluorescence polarization studies
      of these membranes, using three fluorophores, demonstrated that they possessed a
      relatively low fluidity. Studies using the probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene
      detected thermotropic transitions at 25.7 +/- 0.4 and 26.8 +/- 0.6 degrees C in
      these membranes and their liposomes, respectively. Analysis of the composition of
      these membranes revealed a fatty acyl saturation index of 0.59 +/- 0.02, a
      protein/lipid ratio (w/w) of 0.60 +/- 0.06, a cholesterol/phospholipid ratio
      (mol/mol) of 0.83 +/- 0.11, and a sphingomyelin/lecithin ratio (mol/mol) of 0.64
      +/- 0.10. Membrane vesicles were osmotically active when studied by a stopped
      flow nephelometric technique. Arrhenius plots of rates of osmotic water efflux
      demonstrated break points at approximately 28 and 18 degrees C, with activation
      energies of 16.7 +/- 0.2 kcal mol-1 from 35 to 28 degrees C, 8.3 +/- 0.5 kcal mol
      1 from 28 to 18 degrees C, and approximately 3.0 kcal mol-1 below 18 degrees C.
      Treatment of membrane vesicles with benzyl alcohol, a known fluidizer, decreased
      lipid order (increased fluidity) and increased the rate of osmotic water efflux.
      The present results suggest that water crosses tracheal epithelial cell apical
      membranes by solubility-diffusion across the lipid domain and that increases in
      fluidity correlate with increases in the water permeability of these membranes.

PMID- 3707893
TI  - Packing of cholesterol molecules in human low-density lipoprotein.
AB  - High-resolution, proton-decoupled 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (90.55
      MHz) of human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) have been employed to investigate the
      physical state of unesterified cholesterol molecules in this particle.
      Approximately half of the cholesterol molecules in LDL were replaced with [4
      13C]cholesterol by exchange from Celite. About two-thirds of the cholesterol
      molecules contribute to a resonance at delta 41.8 from the C-4 atom. This signal
      is assigned to cholesterol molecules located at the surface of the LDL particle
      in a mixed monolayer with phospholipid molecules; the spin-lattice relaxation of
      the C-4 nucleus of such cholesterol molecules is enhanced by the presence of Mn2+
      ions in the aqueous phase. The remaining one-third of the cholesterol molecules
      are apparently neither associated with phospholipid nor exposed to the aqueous
      phase; these cholesterol molecules are presumed to be located in the core of the
      particle. Cholesterol molecules in the two microenvironments are in slow exchange
      on the NMR time scale but in fast exchange on a biological time scale, so that
      the cholesterol molecules in LDL behave physiologically as one pool. There is a
      loss of about 20% of the intensity of the N(CH3)3 resonance from
      phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin molecules in the LDL spectrum; this is
      attributed to the presence of apolipoprotein B in the surface of LDL particles,
      which may immobilize some of the phospholipid polar groups. Spin-lattice
      relaxation time measurements suggest that the fast axial motions of cholesterol
      molecules in the surface of LDL are the same as in high-density lipoprotein
      (HDL).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3707894
TI  - Effect of cholesterol on Ca2+-induced aggregation of liposomes and calcium
      diphosphatidate membrane traversal.
AB  - Sonicated cholesterol-phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposomes containing 4 mol %
      phosphatidic acid (PA) aggregate in 10 mM Ca2+, slowly at low molar fractions of
      cholesterol (up to 30%) and 15 times faster at higher concentrations; the
      inflection point is at ca. 35 mol % bilayer cholesterol. O
      [[(Methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl]cholesterol (OH-blocked cholesterol) does not give
      this rate enhancement. If PC is replaced by diether PC (CO groups abolished),
      cholesterol does not accelerate aggregation at concentrations in the bilayer
      below 50 mol %. No change in Ca2+-induced aggregation rates was observed if the
      ester CO groups of the bridge-forming PA only were replaced by CH2 (diether PA)
      in liposomes containing PC and cholesterol. PA-mediated Ca2+ membrane traversal
      seems to be accelerated by the addition of cholesterol to the PC-PA membrane, but
      analysis shows that the effect is due to the bilayer condensation effect of
      cholesterol resulting in an increase in the surface concentration of PA and that
      membrane cholesterol in fact slightly reduces the rate of Ca(PA)2 traversal; OH
      blocked cholesterol, however, increases this rate 3-fold. It appears that lipid
      OH and CO groups interact, directly or with the mediation of water, in
      establishing the structure of the membrane "hydrogen belts", i.e., the strata
      containing those hydrogen-bond donors and acceptors. Cholesterol hydroxyl above
      33 mol % (saturation of a 2:1 PC/cholesterol complex?) causes a restructuring of
      the hydrogen belts that facilitates membrane-water-membrane dehydration, the
      prerequisite for liposome aggregation by trans-Ca(PA)2 formation. On the other
      hand, the formation of the dehydrated cis-Ca(PA)2 complex that precedes Ca2+
      membrane traversal is not accelerated by presence of the cholesterol hydroxyl
      group.

PMID- 3707895
TI  - N-parinaroyl glycosphingolipids: synthesis and characterization of novel
      fluorescent probes of membrane structure.
AB  - N-Parinaroylceramides and -glucocerebrosides were synthesized and characterized.
      These fluorescent glycolipids were found to be nonperturbing membrane lipid
      probes, which partitioned preferentially into fluid-phase phosphatidylcholine
      (PC) in liposomes containing both fluid and solid-phase PC. N
      Parinaroylglucocerebroside, parinaroyl-PC, and free parinaric acid were used to
      analyze the motion and distribution of glucocerebroside and ganglioside GM1 in
      liposomes composed of these glycosphingolipids (GSL) and 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-PC
      (SOPC). Steady-state fluorescence anisotropy of these probes indicated that the
      neutral glucocerebroside formed solid-phase domains in SOPC liposomes; these
      domains contained little or no PC. In contrast, the negatively charged
      ganglioside GM1 was miscible with fluid-phase PC. Incorporation of GM1 into SOPC
      liposomes resulted in an increase in the transition temperature of the mixture;
      no transition was observed in either of the pure GSL used over the temperature
      range from 5 to 70 degrees C. These data indicate that the glucocerebroside
      probes may be specific for sphingolipid domains in mixed PC/GSL membranes.

PMID- 3707896
TI  - The sulfhydryls of firefly luciferase are not essential for activity.
AB  - Firefly luciferase, containing an average of seven free sulfhydryls per two 50
      000-dalton polypeptides, was modified by various sulfhydryl reagents. The
      differential reactivities of the sulfhydryls in luciferase protected by
      substrates allow one to define three categories of these groups: Class SH-III
      contains three sulfhydryls that are not involved in enzymatic activity. Class SH
      II contains two sulfhydryls whose modification by different reagents causes
      varying effects on activity ranging from 0 to 60% inactivation. These sulfhydryls
      are not essential but may be important structurally or sterically. Class SH-I
      contains two sulfhydryls that are protected by substrates, either
      dehydroluciferyl adenylate or dehydroluciferin alone, and are located at or near
      the active site. The SH-I sulfhydryls are vicinal in the enzyme as demonstrated
      by their ability to form a disulfide bond. They have also been shown to exist on
      a single polypeptide chain. Modification of the SH-I groups by most reagents
      results in complete loss of enzymatic activity; reaction with methyl
      methanethiosulfonate produces an enzyme that emits only red light whereas native
      luciferase emits yellow-green light. Evidence is presented that the modified
      enzyme, while catalytically active, has a distorted active site. It is concluded
      that these two SH-I sulfhydryls are not essential for activity.

PMID- 3707897
TI  - DNA polymerase alpha associated primase from rat liver: physiological variations.
AB  - A primase activity associated to DNA polymerase alpha from rat liver is
      described. Both activities were absent in normal adult rat liver but were
      concomitantly induced after partial hepatectomy. As previously shown for
      polymerase alpha and DNA topoisomerase II, primase activity reached a maximum
      value 40-43 h after the partial removal of the liver. Primase activity was shown
      to catalyze dNMP incorporation on unprimed single-stranded DNA template (M13 DNA)
      in the presence of rNTP. The activity was not detectable on poly(dA) or poly(dG)
      but was efficient on poly(dT) or poly(dC). However, the reliability of the
      primase assay in the presence of poly(dC) was dependent upon the degree of
      purification of the enzyme. The ribo primers were about 10 nucleotides long, and
      the reaction was completely independent of alpha-amanitin, a strong inhibitor of
      RNA polymerases II and III. Primase and polymerase were found tightly associated.
      A cosedimentation on a 5-20% sucrose gradient was always obtained, independent of
      the ionic strength. There was also a close coincidence between alpha-polymerase
      and primase activities during phosphocellulose, hydroxylapatite, and single
      stranded DNA Ultrogel chromatography. It has been previously demonstrated by us
      and others that primase and alpha-polymerase are on separated polypeptides. The
      association of two activities in the replication complex and the conditions
      allowing their separation are discussed.

PMID- 3707898
TI  - Regulation of bile acid synthesis via direct effects on the microsomal membrane.
AB  - Rats treated with ethinylestradiol (5 mg kg-1 day-1 for 5 days) secrete de novo
      synthesized bile acids at a markedly reduced rate (-57%). Administration of the
      nonionic detergent Triton WR-1339 to estradiol-treated rats rapidly restored the
      rate of secretion of de novo synthesized bile acids to control levels. In
      contrast, when Triton was administered to control rats, the secretion rate of
      bile acids was unaffected. The reduction in bile acid synthesis displayed by
      estradiol-treated rats was similar to the 50% decrease in the activity of hepatic
      microsomal 7 alpha-hydroxylase. The activity of 7 alpha-hydroxylase was also
      restored to control levels by the administration of Triton to estradiol-treated
      rats. We examined the possibility that estradiol acts directly on the hepatic
      microsomes. Adding increasing amounts of estradiol to microsomes obtained from
      control rats resulted in decreasing activities of 7 alpha-hydroxylase. The
      inhibition by estradiol of 7 alpha-hydroxylase obtained in vitro occurred with
      amounts of estradiol that were found to accumulate in the liver via in vivo
      treatment. Double-reciprocal analysis showed that at and below 50 micrograms of
      estradiol/0.5 mg of protein uncompetitive inhibition was displayed. Additional
      experiments showed that adding Triton to microsomes obtained from estradiol
      treated rats increased the activity of 7 alpha-hydroxylase to control levels. In
      contrast, Triton did not increase the activity of 7 alpha-hydroxylase when it was
      added to control microsomes. These data show for the first time that the
      estrogenic steroid estradiol acts directly on the microsomes and inhibits both
      the activity of 7 alpha-hydroxylase and the rate of bile acid synthesis.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3707899
TI  - Determination of chemical properties of individual histidine and tyrosine
      residues of concanavalin A by competitive labeling with 1-fluoro-2,4
      dinitrobenzene.
AB  - A selective peptide-mapping procedure was devised to purify peptides containing
      histidine or tyrosine residues from proteolytic digests of concanavalin A (Con
      A). The protein was modified with maleic anhydride followed by 1-fluoro-2,4
      dinitrobenzene (Dnp-F) and then digested with thermolysin. The resulting labeled
      peptides were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the Dnp
      histidine and Dnp-tyrosine peptides were identified by their spectral
      characteristics. From their amino acid compositions, the labeled peptides could
      all be assigned within the known sequence. Peptides representing five of the six
      histidines and all seven tyrosines were obtained. With the same peptide-mapping
      procedure, the chemical properties (pK and reactivity) of these residues were
      determined. Samples of concanavalin A at various pH values were labeled with
      trace amounts of [3H]Dnp-F, in the presence of Gln-Gly as an internal standard.
      To each sample was added an aliquot of a mixture of [14C]Dnp-Gln-Gly and [14C]Dnp
      maleyl-Con A. Portions of each sample were removed, [14C]Dnp-Ala-Ala and epsilon
      [14C]Dnp-lysine were added, and the mixtures were hydrolyzed. The various Dnp
      amino acid derivatives were purified by HPLC. The remainder of each [3H]Dnp
      sample was maleylated, dinitrophenylated, and digested with thermolysin and
      separated by HPLC as above. From the 3H/14C ratios of the Dnp amino acid
      derivatives and the Dnp peptides relative to the ratio of the internal standard,
      pK and reactivity data were obtained for (a) the average behavior of the lysine,
      histidine, and tyrosine residues and (b) the individual behavior of the N
      terminal alanine residue and the five histidine and seven tyrosine residues in
      the protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3707900
TI  - Reassociation of dimeric cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase is determined by slow
      and very slow folding reactions.
AB  - Malate dehydrogenase occurs in virtually all eucaryotic cells in mitochondrial
      and cytoplasmic forms, both of which are composed of two identical subunits. The
      reactivation of the mitochondrial isoenzyme has been the subject of previous
      studies [Jaenicke, R., Rudolph, R., & Heider, I. (1979) Biochemistry 18, 1217
      1223]. In the present study, the reconstitution of cytoplasmic malate
      dehydrogenase from porcine heart after denaturation by guanidine hydrochloride
      has been determined. The enzyme is denatured by greater than 1.2 M guanidine
      hydrochloride; upon reconstitution, approximately 60% of the initial native
      enzyme can be recovered. The kinetics of reconstitution after maximum unfolding
      by 6 M guanidine hydrochloride were analyzed by fluorescence, far-ultraviolet
      circular dichroism, chemical cross-linking with glutaraldehyde, and activity
      measurements. After fast folding into structured intermediates (less than 1 min),
      formation of native enzyme is governed by two parallel slow and very slow first
      order folding reactions (k1 = 1.3 X 10(-3) S-1 and k2 = 7 X 10(-5) S-1 at 20
      degrees C). The rate constant of the association step following the slow folding
      reaction (determined by k1) must be greater than 10(6) M-1 S-1. The energy of
      activation of the slow folding step is of the order of 9 +/- 1 kcal/mol; the
      apparent rate constant of the parallel very slow folding reaction is virtually
      temperature independent. The intermediates of reassociation must be enzymatically
      inactive, since reactivation strictly parallels the formation of native dimers.
      Upon acid dissociation (pH 2.3), approximately 35% of the native helicity is
      preserved, as determined by circular dichroism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3707901
TI  - Alpha-helix to random-coil transition of two-chain, coiled coils: experiments on
      the thermal denaturation of doubly cross-linked beta beta tropomyosin.
AB  - Equilibrium thermal denaturation curves (by circular dichroism) are reported for
      doubly cross-linked beta beta tropomyosin two-chain coiled coils. Cross-linking
      was performed by reaction of sulfhydryls with either ferricyanide or 5,5'
      dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate) (NbS2). The extent of reaction was determined by
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and either by titration
      of residual sulfhydryls with NbS2 (ferricyanide cross-linking) or by
      determination of mixed disulfide (protein-S-SbN) through reaction with
      dithiothreitol (NbS2 cross-linking). The results indicate approximately 90%
      conversion to molecules with interchain cross-links at both C-36 and C-190.
      Thermal unfolding curves are compared with those obtained previously for non
      cross-linked species. The curves are indistinguishable up to approximately 40
      degrees C. Above approximately 40 degrees C, the doubly cross-linked species is
      more stable, but the transition is less steep. This relationship is also compared
      with that found between alpha alpha tropomyosin (a similar coiled coil made of a
      genetic variant chain having a sulfhydryl only at C-190) and its singly cross
      linked derivative. Thermal curves for alpha alpha and beta beta non-cross-linked
      species are very similar, alpha alpha being somewhat more stable. For cross
      linked alpha alpha, however, the curve sags at temperatures somewhat below the
      region of principal cooperative loss of helix, the latter occurring at higher
      temperature but with the same steepness as in the non-cross-linked case. The sag
      has been ascribed to a "pretransition" in the region of C-190. Thus, doubly and
      singly cross-linked species differ in that the former show no pretransition and
      decreased steepness in the principal transition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3707902
TI  - Cycloheximide sensitivity in regulation of acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol
      acyltransferase activity in Chinese hamster ovary cells. 1. Effect of exogenous
      sterols.
AB  - Chinese hamster ovary cells grown in medium containing low-density lipoprotein
      (LDL) express high acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity as
      measured by an [3H]oleate pulse. Removal of LDL from the medium causes rapid
      inactivation of ACAT activity; the t1/2 for the initial inactivation rate is 0.8
      h. Preincubation with protein synthesis inhibitors (cycloheximide or emetine) for
      2 h or longer lengthens the t1/2 for the initial inactivation rate to
      approximately 2.1 h. When LDL is removed for more than 10 h, the cells contain
      only 3% of the original ACAT activity. Cycloheximide under this condition causes
      an 8-fold increase in ACAT activity; the increase approaches a maximum in 6-8 h.
      The extent of ACAT activation by cycloheximide inversely depends on exogenous
      sterol present in the medium; LDL diminishes the activation, while cationized LDL
      or 25-hydroxycholesterol completely abolishes the activation. Adding LDL back to
      the sterol-free medium causes a 40-70-fold increase in ACAT activity; however,
      the activation of LDL is not further augmented if the cells are pretreated with
      cycloheximide. The above observations are qualitatively confirmed by ACAT assays
      in vitro with cell homogenates. LDL or cycloheximide has no effect on the rates
      of 3H-labeled triglyceride and 3H-labeled polar lipid synthesis. Efflux of
      prelabeled cholesterol from cells is cycloheximide-insensitive. Rates of
      degradation of [3H]-leucine-pulse-labeled total protein in cells grown with or
      without LDL are identical. The above results imply the existence of at least one
      specific short-lived factor that directly or indirectly inhibits ACAT
      activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3707903
TI  - Cycloheximide sensitivity in regulation of acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol
      acyltransferase activity in Chinese hamster ovary cells. 2. Effect of sterol
      endogenously synthesized.
AB  - We reported in another paper [Chang, C. C. Y., Doolittle, G. M., & Chang, T. Y.
      (1986) Biochemistry (preceding paper in this issue)] that in Chinese hamster
      ovary (CHO) cells activation of acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase
      (ACAT) activity by treating cells with cycloheximide was abolished by providing
      exogenous sterol in the medium. We now report that providing 20 mM DL-mevalonate
      to cells grown in sterol-free medium increases the ACAT activity by approximately
      6-fold and diminishes the cycloheximide activation effect. The mevalonate
      supplement has no significant effect on the rate of triglyceride or polar lipid
      synthesis, [3H]cholesterol efflux, or bulk protein degradation in cells. The
      activation of ACAT by mevalonate is prevented by adding a specific squalene oxide
      cyclase inhibitor to cells, indicating the requirement for endogenous sterol
      synthesis to mediate the mevalonate effect. In sterol-free medium, if sterol
      synthesis is blocked by specific enzyme inhibitors or through mutation, the ACAT
      activation by cycloheximide is again abolished. These results support the
      hypothesis that there may exist a short-lived factor(s) serving directly or
      indirectly as an endogenous ACAT inhibitor(s), the inhibitory action of this
      (these) factor(s) is (are) abolished, and its (their) turnover rate(s) is (are)
      increased by either exogenous sterol or by sterol endogenously synthesized.
      Conversely, removing exogenous sterol coupled with blocking endogenous sterol
      synthesis decreases the turnover rate(s) of the inhibitor(s), rendering its
      (their) action insensitive to intracellular degradation over the time period
      studied.

PMID- 3707904
TI  - Assessment of role of beta 146-histidyl and other histidyl residues in the Bohr
      effect of human normal adult hemoglobin.
AB  - The contribution of the carboxyl-terminal histidines of the beta chains, beta
      146(HC3), to the alkaline Bohr effect of human normal adult hemoglobin has been
      shown by this laboratory to depend upon the solvent composition. Using high
      resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we have found that the
      pKa value of the beta 146-histidine is 8.0 in the deoxy form, while in the
      carbonmonoxy form it ranges from 7.1 to 7.85 depending upon the concentration of
      inorganic phosphate and chloride ions present. These conclusions have been
      questioned by Perutz and co-workers on the basis of biochemical, structural, and
      proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies of mutant and enzymatically or
      chemically modified hemoglobins [Perutz, M. F., Kilmartin, J. V., Nishikura, K.,
      Fogg, J. H., Butler, P. J., & Rollema, H. S. (1980) J. Mol. Biol. 138, 649-670;
      Kilmartin, J. V., Fogg, J. H., & Perutz, M. F. (1980) Biochemistry 19, 3189-3193;
      Perutz, M. F., Gronenborn, A. M., Clore, G. M., Fogg, J. H., & Shih, D. T.-b.
      (1985) J. Mol. Biol. 183, 491-498]. In this work, we use proton nuclear magnetic
      resonance spectroscopy to assess the effects of structural modifications on the
      histidyl residues and on the overall conformation of the hemoglobin molecule in
      solution. The structural perturbations investigated all occur within the tertiary
      domains around the carboxyl-terminal region of the beta chain as follows: Hb
      Cowtown (beta 146His----Leu); Hb Wood (beta 97His----Leu); Hb Malmo (beta 97His--
      -Gln); Hb Abruzzo (beta 143His----Arg). Our results demonstrate that the
      conformational effects of single-site structural modifications upon the
      conformation and dynamics of hemoglobin depend strongly on their location in the
      three-dimensional structure of the protein molecule and also on their chemical
      nature. Furthermore, in normal hemoglobin, the spectral properties of several
      surface histidyl residues are found to depend, in the ligated state, upon the
      nature of the ligand. Our present findings do not support the recent spectral
      assignments proposed by Perutz et al. (1985) for the proton resonances of the
      beta 146- and beta 97-histidines and their suggestion that the enzymatic removal
      of the carboxyl-terminal beta 146-histidyl residues induces a conformational
      equilibrium for the beta 97-histidines in the des-beta 146His hemoglobin molecule
      in the carbonmonoxy form.

PMID- 3707905
TI  - Transfer of long-chain fluorescent free fatty acids between unilamellar vesicles.
AB  - Movement of free fatty acids (ffa) between small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) was
      studied by measuring the transfer of fluorescent n-(9-anthroyloxy)-labeled
      analogues (AOffa) between donor and acceptor vesicles. Donors were composed of
      egg phosphatidylcholine (PC) loaded with 1-2 mol % AOffa, and acceptors were egg
      PC containing 10-12 mol % N-(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4
      yl)phosphatidylethanolamine (NBD-PE). The fluorescence of AO added directly to
      acceptor SUV was greater than 98% quenched by energy transfer to NBD. Thus, AOffa
      movement from donor to acceptor was monitored by the time-dependent decrease in
      AO fluorescence. The transfer of the short-chain AOffa, although too fast to be
      resolved by the methods used here, is consistent with studies that find transfer
      rates on the order of milliseconds and kinetics which are first order. In
      contrast, transfer rates for the long-chain AOffa are more than 2 orders of
      magnitude slower, and the kinetics of the transfer process are best described by
      the sum of two exponentials plus a constant. The ffa ionization state was also
      found to be an important determinant of transfer rate. The charged species
      transferred an average of 10-fold faster than the protonated ffa. The ffa pKa in
      the membrane is 9, as calculated from the pH dependence of transfer. Similar to
      results found for other lipids, long-chain AOffa are transferred via water rather
      than a collision-mediated process. The aqueous phase route of AOffa intermembrane
      transfer is indicated by the lack of effect on transfer of large alterations in
      the product of donor and acceptor phospholipid concentrations. Moreover, the
      transfer rate is decreased as [NaCl] is increased from 0.1 to 4 M. This effect of
      ionic strength is probably due not only to a decrease in the aqueous phase
      partition of the AOffa but also to an alteration in bilayer structure, as
      measured by fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene. The
      observed kinetics are consistent with a model in which the transfer involves two
      steps: transbilayer movement between the inner and outer bilayer leaflets,
      followed by transfer from the outer leaflet to the aqueous phase (off rate).
      Within the framework of this model, the observed slow rate is primarily
      determined by the rate of transbilayer movement, and the observed fast rate is
      approximately equal to the off rate. The off rate is about 10-fold faster than
      the rate of transbilayer movement.

PMID- 3707906
TI  - Activation of porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 by the presence of negative
      charges at the lipid-water interface.
AB  - The effect of surface charge on the porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 catalyzed
      hydrolysis of organized substrates was examined through initial rate enzyme
      kinetic measurements. Two long-chain phospholipid substrates,
      phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidylcholine (PC), were solubilized in seven
      detergents differing in polar head-group charge. The neutral or zwitterionic
      detergents selected were Triton X-100, Zwittergent 314, lauryl maltoside,
      hexadecylphosphocholine (C16PN), and 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1
      propanesulfonate. The negatively and positively charged detergents used were
      cholate and CTAB, respectively. In general, the negatively charged phospholipid
      PG was hydrolyzed much more rapidly than the neutral (zwitterionic) phospholipid
      PC. The rate of hydrolysis of PG was rapid when solubilized in all the neutral
      detergents and in cholate but was essentially zero in the positively charged
      CTAB. Conversely, hydrolysis of PC was negligible when solubilized in neutral
      detergents, except C16PN, and was maximal in the negatively charged detergent,
      cholate. The rate of hydrolysis of PC solubilized in a neutral detergent became
      significant only when a negative surface charge was introduced by addition of
      SDS. Taken together, these kinetic measurements indicate that the surface charge
      on the lipid aggregates is an important factor in the rate of hydrolysis of
      phospholipid substrates and the highest activity is observed when the net surface
      charge is negative. Fluorescence and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopic
      data provide additional support for this conclusion. The fluorescence emission
      spectrum of the single tryptophan of phospholipase A2 is a sensitive monitor of
      interfacial complex formation and shows that interaction of the protein with
      detergent micelles is strongly dependent on the presence of a negatively charged
      amphiphile.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3707907
TI  - Inhibition of lipases by proteins: a binding study using dicaprin monolayers.
AB  - We previously reported that the inhibition of pancreatic and Rhizopus delemar
      lipases by proteins is due to the protein associated with lipid and is not caused
      by direct protein-enzyme interaction in the aqueous phase [Gargouri, Y., Pieroni,
      G., Riviere, C., Sugihara, A., Sarda, L., & Verger, R. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260,
      2268-2273]. In this study, using radiolabeled lipases, serum albumin, and beta
      lactoglobulin A, we investigated their respective binding with respect to
      lipolysis of dicaprin monolayers. Lipase inhibition was found to be correlated
      with a lack of lipase binding to mixed protein-dicaprin films or to a desorption
      of lipase from the interface when inhibitory protein was added later. Since a
      large proportion of the lipid film remained potentially accessible to the enzyme
      in the presence of inhibitory protein, it was concluded that the observed
      decrease in lipase binding to the interface was due to a variation of the
      physiochemical properties of the lipid-water interface following binding of
      inhibitory protein. On the basis of the results presented here, it is proposed
      that mixed protein-glyceride films could be used to characterize the interaction
      of various lipases with lipid substrates and to classify these enzymes according
      to their penetration power.

PMID- 3707908
TI  - Phosphorylation reduces the affinity of protein 4.1 for spectrin.
AB  - The phosphorylation of protein 4.1 by the membrane kinase and casein kinase A has
      been investigated. Each of these kinases catalyzed the incorporation of 2 mol of
      phosphate per mole of protein 4.1. The presence of both kinases in the reaction
      mixture did not lead to an increase in the incorporation of phosphates into the
      protein. An analysis of the acid hydrolysis products of the 32P-labeled protein
      4.1 indicated that the radioactivities were distributed between phosphothreonine
      and phosphoserine in a ratio of about 2 to 1. The effects of phosphorylation on
      the binding of protein 4.1 to spectrin were investigated by using sucrose density
      gradient centrifugation. The affinity of protein 4.1 for spectrin was reduced
      about 5-fold, from a KD of 2 X 10(-6) M to a KD of 9.4 X 10(-6) M, by
      phosphorylation. The phosphorylation of spectrin, on the other hand, appeared to
      increase slightly its affinity for protein 4.1. The results suggest that
      phosphorylation may lead to a relaxation of the cytoskeletal network and the
      formation of a more flexible membrane structure that is important to red cell
      function.

PMID- 3707909
TI  - Acetylcholine receptor: characterization of the voltage-dependent regulatory
      (inhibitory) site for acetylcholine in membrane vesicles from Torpedo californica
      electroplax.
AB  - Evidence for a voltage-dependent regulatory (inhibitory) site on the nicotinic
      acetylcholine receptor to which acetylcholine binds was obtained in membrane
      vesicles prepared from the Torpedo californica electric organ. Two rate
      coefficients, JA and alpha, which pertain to the receptor-controlled ion flux,
      were measured. A 1000-fold concentration range of acetylcholine was used in a
      transmembrane voltage (Vm) range from 0 to -48 mV under a voltage-clamped
      condition at pH 7.4, 1 degrees C. The following observations were made. (i) At
      low acetylcholine concentrations, the value of JA, the rate coefficient for ion
      translocation by the active (nondesensitized) state of the receptor, increased
      with increasing concentration. (ii) JA decreased at high acetylcholine
      concentrations. (iii) In contrast, alpha, the rate coefficient for receptor
      desensitization, did not show such a decrease. (iv) When the transmembrane
      potential of the vesicle membrane was changed to more negative values, the value
      of KR (the dissociation constant for binding of acetylcholine to the regulatory
      site) decreased by a factor of approximately 9 for a 25 mV change in Vm, while KI
      (the dissociation constant for binding of acetylcholine to the receptor site that
      controls channel opening) did not show such a change and has a value of 80
      microM. When Vm is -48 mV, KR has a value of 8 microM. (v) The effect of a
      transmembrane voltage on the regulatory site was reversible and occurred within
      the time resolution (5 ms) of the quench-flow technique used in the
      measurements.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3707910
TI  - Photolabile protecting groups for an acetylcholine receptor ligand. Synthesis and
      photochemistry of a new class of o-nitrobenzyl derivatives and their effects on
      receptor function.
AB  - Two compounds have been synthesized that feature a photosensitive o-nitrobenzyl
      moiety attached directly to the carbamate nitrogen of carbamoylcholine. The well
      characterized acetylcholine analogue, carbamoylcholine, was released from these
      derivatives in response to laser light pulses at wavelengths between 300 and 355
      nm. Photolysis products were isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography
      and identified by chemical and spectroscopic analysis. The yield of
      carbamoylcholine molecules per photon absorbed was 0.25. A short-lived
      photochromic intermediate in the photolysis reaction was detected by laser flash
      photolysis. A single laser flash induced an instantaneous increase in absorbance
      at 406 nm, followed by a first-order decay to products, with a half-time of 0.07
      ms for one of the compounds [N-[1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethyl]carbamoylcholine iodide]
      in aqueous buffers at pH 7 and 23 degrees C. Decay rates and quantum yields
      depended on the nature of the substituent on the protecting group. Evidence is
      presented in support of the conclusion that the transient species is an aci-nitro
      intermediate that decays directly to carbamoylcholine and therefore determines
      its rate of release. The photosensitive carbamoylcholine derivatives activated
      the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor only after photolysis, as determined by
      86Rb+ flux measurements with membrane vesicles prepared from Torpedo californica
      and Electrophorus electricus. Before photolysis, the compounds interacted weakly
      with the acetylcholine-binding sites as shown by competitive inhibition of
      acetylcholine-stimulated flux at high concentrations. The compounds did not
      induce receptor desensitization at a significant rate. The new compounds afford
      several major advantages over other photoactivatable acetylcholine
      analogues.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3707911
TI  - Anisotropy decay associated fluorescence spectra and analysis of rotational
      heterogeneity. 1. Theory and applications.
AB  - Individual fluorescence spectra for species in a heterogeneous system can be
      determined by using differences between the rotational correlation times of those
      components. Each spectrum derived is associated with a particular fluorescence
      anisotropy decay function; hence, they are anisotropy decay associated spectra
      (ADAS). We have previously shown [Knutson, J. R., Walbridge, D. G., & Brand, L.
      (1982) Biochemistry 21, 4671-4679] that a system containing different decay
      functions for total intensity can be resolved into constituent decay-associated
      spectra. ADAS extends the technique into the realm of fluorescence polarization,
      making use of the often disparate Brownian rotations found in heterogeneous
      biochemical systems. In this paper, we present the basic theory for ADAS in
      various heterogeneous systems and then present an example of ADAS resolving a
      binary mixture of macromolecules into "fast-rotor" (smaller or more mobile) and
      "slow-rotor" (larger or less mobile) components. They correctly superimpose
      spectra taken for the unmixed components. In the companion paper [Davenport, L.,
      Knutson, J. R., & Brand, L. (1986) Biochemistry (following paper in this issue)],
      a specific application to a problem of importance of lipid biochemistry--e.g.,
      the origin of the membrane probe order parameter in lipid bilayers--is presented,
      demonstrating the role rotational heterogeneity may play in biochemical
      fluorescence.

PMID- 3707912
TI  - 1H NMR spectroscopic studies of calcium-binding proteins. 1. Stepwise proteolysis
      of the C-terminal alpha-helix of a helix-loop-helix metal-binding domain.
AB  - A series of modified parvalbumins, differing only in length of alpha-helix F at
      the C-terminus, was prepared by carboxypeptidase-mediated digestions of the beta
      lineage parvalbumin (pI = 4.25) from carp (N; 108 residues). Removal of Ala-108
      to form the N-1 derivative (des-Ala108,Lys107-parvalbumin) only slightly alters
      the protein's ability to chelate Ca(II) or lanthanides(III). Analysis of the
      kinetics of their Yb(III) off-rates by optical stopped-flow techniques,
      determination of their Lu(III)-binding constants by high-resolution 1H NMR
      methods, and inspection of their solution structures by Yb(III)-shifted 1H NMR
      techniques indicate N-1 and N-2 are very similar to N (0.1-0.2 M KCl; pH 6-7; 23
      55 degrees C). However, removal of the next one or two residues, Val-106 or Val
      106/Leu-105, to generate the N-3 and N-4 derivatives severely alters the metal
      ion binding characteristics of the protein. Although two Yb(III) off-rates are
      observed for N-3, both are faster than that for the unmodified protein: kCD by a
      factor of 2 and kEF by a factor of 2200. Removal of Ala-104 and Ala-104/Thr-103
      to give a mixture of N-5 and N-6 derivatives eliminates the slow-release site
      altogether, the single observable koff being 20-30 times faster than release of
      Yb(III) from the CD site of native parvalbumin. Removal of the C-terminal alpha
      helix by digestion through Phe-102 to give N-7 destabilizes the entire protein
      structure as judged both by the random-coil appearance of its 1H NMR spectrum and
      by its aberrant kinetics. Although one abnormally fast koff is still observed at
      micromolar concentrations, Ln(III) chelation tends to precipitate N-7 at higher
      parvalbumin concentrations (1-3 mM). In contrast to the critical instability of
      the N-3 through N-7 derivatives, the remarkable stability of the N-1 and N-2
      forms of carp parvalbumin may be attributed to the maintainance of two key
      structural features: an ion pair bond between the negatively charged C-terminal
      carboxyl function and the protonated epsilon-NH3+ of Lys-27 and hydrophobic
      interactions of the inner side of helix F with residues in the protein's core.

PMID- 3707913
TI  - 1H NMR spectroscopic studies of calcium-binding proteins. 2. Histidine
      microenvironments in alpha- and beta-parvalbumins as determined by protonation
      and laser photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization effects.
AB  - The microenvironments of the histidines in three isoforms of Ca(II)-bound
      parvalbumin (carp, pI = 4.25; pike, pI = 5.00; rat, pI = 5.50) have been examined
      with 1H NMR techniques to probe their protonation characteristics and
      photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarizability (photo-CIDNP). The
      histidine at position 26 (or 25), present in all three of these proteins, shows
      absolutely no photo-CIDNP enhancement of its C2H or C5H resonances. Nor does this
      nonpolarizable histidine possess a normal pKa: values range only from 4.20 for
      carp to 4.32 for pike to 4.44 for rat. The C2H and C5H resonances of the
      histidine in this carp isoform split into doublets as the pH is lowered. The
      magnitude of this splitting depends on the magnetic field strength, temperature,
      and pH; however, the line intensities within each doublet are temperature
      independent. Although the crystal structure of carp parvalbumin indicates that
      His-26 is exposed to solvent [Kretsinger, R. H., & Nockolds, C. E. (1973) J.
      Biol. Chem. 248, 3313-3326], we conclude that in solution this residue, in its
      unprotonated state, is part of the hydrophobic core of the protein. In contrast,
      His-48 in rat parvalbumin and His-106 in pike III parvalbumin show dramatic photo
      CIDNP enhancements of their C2H, C5H, and beta-CH2 1H NMR resonances. Combined
      with its nearly normal pKa, 6.14, and exchange-broadened C2H resonance, the photo
      CIDNP enhancement results for His-48 indicate that its microenvironment differs
      little from random-coil exposure, consistent with its presumed position on the
      solvent surface of helix C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3707914
TI  - 1H NMR spectroscopic studies of calcium-binding proteins. 3. Solution
      conformations of rat apo-alpha-parvalbumin and metal-bound rat alpha-parvalbumin.
AB  - Lacking the extraordinary thermal stability of its metal-bound forms, apo-alpha
      parvalbumin from rat muscle assumes two distinct conformations in aqueous
      solution. At 25 degrees C, its highly structured form predominates (Keq = 5.7;
      delta G degree = -4.3 kJ X mol-1); as deduced from both 1H NMR and circular
      dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, this conformation is exceedingly similar to those of
      its Mg(II)-, Ca(II)-, and Lu(III)-bound forms. The temperature dependences of
      several well-resolved aromatic and upfield-shifted methyl 1H NMR resonances and
      several CD bands indicate that the native, highly helical structure of rat apo
      alpha-parvalbumin is unfolded by a concerted mechanism, showing no indication of
      partially structured intermediates. The melting temperature, TM, of rat apo-alpha
      parvalbumin is 35 +/- 0.5 degrees C as calculated by both spectroscopic
      techniques. By 45 degrees C, rat apo-alpha-parvalbumin unfolds entirely, losing
      the tertiary structure that characterizes its folded form: not only are the ring
      current-shifted aromatic and methyl 1H NMR resonances leveled, but the 262- and
      269-nm CD bands are also severely reduced. As judged by the decrease in the
      negative ellipticity of the 222-nm CD band, this less-structured form of rat apo
      alpha-parvalbumin shows an approximate 50% loss in apparent alpha-helical content
      compared to its folded state. Several changes in the 1H NMR spectrum of rat apo
      alpha-parvalbumin were exceptionally informative probes of the specific
      conformational changes that accompany metal ion binding and metal ion exchange.
      In particular, the line intensities of the ortho proton resonance of Phe-47, the
      unassigned downfield-shifted alpha-CH resonances from the beta-sheet contacts
      between the metal-binding loops, the C2H resonance of His-48, and the epsilon-CH3
      resonance of an unassigned Met residue were monitored as a function of added
      metal to determine the stability constants of several metal ion-parvalbumin
      complexes. We conclude that Mg(II) binds to the CD and EF sites independently,
      its affinity for the EF site being almost twice that for the CD site. Mg(II)---
      Ca(II) exchange showed that the CD-site Mg(II) is displaced first, in contrast to
      Lu(III)'s preferential displacement of the EF-site Ca(II) as determined from the
      Ca(II)----Lu(III) exchange experiments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3707915
TI  - Correlation between sites of limited proteolysis and segmental mobility in
      thermolysin.
AB  - Limited proteolysis or autolysis of thermolysin under different experimental
      conditions leads to fission of a small number of peptide bonds located in exposed
      surface segments of the polypeptide chain characterized by highest mobility, as
      given by the temperature factors (B values) determined crystallographically
      [Holmes, M.A., & Matthews, B.W. (1982) J. Mol. Biol. 160, 623-639]. Considering
      also similar findings observed previously with other protein systems, it is
      proposed that this correlation between segmental mobility and sites of limited
      proteolysis in globular proteins is quite general. Thus, flexibility of the
      polypeptide chain of a globular protein at the site of proteolytic attack
      promotes optimal binding and proper interaction with the active site of the
      protease. These findings emphasize that apparent thermal motion seen in protein
      crystals is relevant to motion in solution and appear to be of general
      significance in protein-protein recognition processes.

PMID- 3707916
TI  - Pepsinogen activation: genesis of the binding site.
AB  - Previous experiments have suggested that a substrate binding site may appear
      relatively early in the sequence of transformations that pepsinogen undergoes
      during its unimolecular activation. To test this possibility, tert-Boc-L-valyl
      [3(S)-hydroxy-4(S)-amino-5-(2-naphthyl) pentanoyl]-L-alanylisoamylamide, a
      fluorescent analogue of pepstatin, has been used to measure the rate of
      appearance of the binding site. This probe is a potent inhibitor of pepsin, and
      its naphthyl group is an environmentally sensitive fluorophore that permits
      binding to be detected by fluorescence spectroscopy. In stopped-flow experiments,
      the fluorescence change following acidification of pepsinogen due to binding of
      the probe was found to obey a two-term exponential decay law. Analysis of the
      data obtained at various pH values permits us to rule out a sequential model for
      the kinetics. Rather, we were able to demonstrate that a concurrent model, with
      two species undergoing simultaneous transformation at different rates, is
      consistent with the results. The two species are related to each other by the
      protonation of a single site with a pKa of approximately 2.2. We obtained
      essentially identical results in an analysis of the early events observed in the
      acidification of pepsinogen labeled with 6-(p-toluidinyl)naphthalene-2-sulfonyl
      chloride (Auer & Glick, 1984). The protonic equilibrium probably occurs early
      after exposure to acid and is proposed to lead to a conformational change that
      freezes the distribution between the two species. It may be that these two
      conformers persist as identifiable entities at later stages of activation as
      well.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3707917
TI  - pH dependence of the kinetic parameters for 3-oxo-delta 5-steroid isomerase.
      Substrate catalysis and inhibition by (3S)-spiro[5 alpha-androstane-3,2'-oxiran]
      17-one.
AB  - The pH-rate profiles for kcatobsd and (kcat/KM)obsd at 25.0 degrees C have been
      measured for 3-oxo-delta 5-steroid isomerase by using 5-androstene-3,17-dione
      (2), 5-pregnene-3,20-dione (3), and 5(10)-estrene-3,17-dione (4) as substrates.
      Results from the nonsticky substrate 4 suggest values for the pK of a
      catalytically important group on the free enzyme (pKE) of 4.57 and the pK of the
      same group in the enzyme-substrate complex of 4.74. For the sticky substrates 2
      and 3, pKES is ca. 4.75 and 5.5, respectively. Analysis of the (kcat/KM)obsd vs.
      pH profile for 2 reveals that the intermediate E X S complex decomposes to
      products at a rate similar to its reversion to E + S. The pH-rate profile for
      inhibition of the isomerase by (3S)-spiro-[5 alpha-androstane-3,2'-oxiran]-17-one
      (7 beta) shows values for pKE of 4.75 and pKEI of 4.90. The similarity of the pH
      rate profiles for isomerization of 4 and inhibition by 7 beta suggests that both
      reactions may be governed by the ionization state of the same carboxyl group of
      the enzyme.

PMID- 3707918
TI  - Chromophoric cinnamic acid substrates as resonance Raman probes of the active
      site environment in native and unfolded alpha-chymotrypsin.
AB  - Chromophoric [4-(dimethylamino)cinnamoyl]imidazole reacts with the serine
      protease alpha-chymotrypsin to form an acyl enzyme. At pHs below 4.0, the acyl
      enzyme turns over very slowly to yield the free acid. During this slow
      deacylation it is possible to obtain a very good resonance Raman spectrum of the
      acyl intermediate by using the 350.7-nm line of the krypton laser. The resonance
      Raman carbonyl frequency of the covalently bonded substrate and its wavelength at
      maximum intensity in the absorption spectrum of the acyl enzyme have been taken
      and used to monitor the active site environment. A comparison has been made of
      the absorption and Raman spectra of the acyl enzyme and those of the
      corresponding chromophoric methyl ester, aldehyde, and imidazole model compounds.
      A linear correlation is found between the wavelength of maximum absorption and
      the Raman frequency of the carbonyl group over a wide range of solvent conditions
      for each of the model compounds. By combining the Raman carbonyl frequency with
      the absorption maximum, we can determine that the bond order changes in the
      carbonyl bond of the bound substrate are not due to changes in the solvent, since
      the carbonyl frequency and the absorption maximum of the acyl enzyme do not fall
      on any of the linear correlations for the model compounds. The unusual
      spectroscopic properties of the bound substrate appear to be due to some specific
      enzyme-induced change in the substrate when it is bound at the active site.
      Thermal unfolding of the acyl enzymes changes both the carbonyl frequency of the
      acyl enzyme and its absorption maximum to completely different values.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3707919
TI  - Identification of coenzyme aldimine proton in 1H NMR spectra of pyridoxal 5'
      phosphate dependent enzymes: aspartate aminotransferase isoenzymes.
AB  - The pyridoxal form of the alpha subform of cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase
      (EC 2.6.1.1) is fully active and binds pyridoxal 5'-phosphate via an aldimine
      formation with Lys-258 whereas the gamma subform is virtually inactive and lacks
      the aldimine linkage. Comparison of 1H NMR spectra between the alpha and gamma
      subforms suggested that peak 1 of the alpha subform at 8.89 ppm contains a
      resonance assignable to the internal aldimine 4'-H. Reaction with a reagent that
      cleaves or modifies the internal aldimine bond [(amino-oxy)acetate, L
      cysteinesulfinate, NH2OH, NaBH4, or NaCNBH3] caused the disappearance of a
      resonance line at 8.89 ppm that possessed a broad line width and corresponded in
      intensity to a single proton. These reagents were also used successfully for the
      identification of the aldimine 4'-H resonance in the mitochondrial isoenzyme. In
      contrast to the cytosolic isoenzyme whose resonance for the 4'-H did not show any
      detectable change in chemical shift with pH, the corresponding resonance in the
      mitochondrial isoenzyme exhibited pH-dependent chemical shift change (8.84 ppm at
      pH 5 and 8.67 ppm at pH 8) with a pK value of 6.3, reflecting the interisozymic
      difference in the microenvironment provided for the internal aldimine. Validity
      of the signal assignment was further shown by the two findings: the resonance
      assigned to the 4'-H emerged upon conversion of the pyridoxamine into the
      pyridoxal form, and the resonance appeared upon reconstitution of the apoenzyme
      with [4'-1H]pyridoxal phosphate but not with [4'-2H]pyridoxal phosphate.

PMID- 3707920
TI  - Function of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate in glycogen phosphorylase: 19F NMR and kinetic
      studies of phosphorylase reconstituted with 6-fluoropyridoxal and 6
      fluoropyridoxal phosphate.
AB  - 19F NMR spectroscopic properties of glycogen phosphorylase reconstituted with 6
      fluoropyridoxal (6-FPAL) and 6-fluoropyridoxal phosphate (6-FPLP) were
      investigated. Analysis of the contribution of chemical shift anisotropy to the
      line width of the 6-FPLP-enzyme signal shows that the coenzyme molecule is
      tightly bound to the protein. The chemical shift of the fluorine nucleus in the
      free 6-FPLP protein is pH independent from pH 6 to pH 9.1. When the 6-FPLP-enzyme
      forms complexes with AMP, AMP plus glucose-1-P, and AMP plus inorganic phosphate,
      signals at -11.0, -13.1, and -10.4 ppm are observed, respectively. These
      different chemical shifts indicate that the protein in each complex has a
      distinct conformation. The exchange rate between the 6-FPLP-protein-AMP complex
      and the same complex with bound glucose-1-P is estimated to be 3300 +/- 700 s-1,
      and that between the 6-FPLP-protein-AMP complex and with bound inorganic
      phosphate is 500 +/- 100 s-1. The former exchange rate is 13 times faster than
      that of the same process for the 6-FPAL-enzyme. Analysis of the effects of
      temperature on the 19F line shape of the 6-FPLP enzyme in the presence of ligands
      shows that the exchange rates between different complexes drop significantly
      between 20 and 10 degrees C. Within this temperature range, Arrhenius plots of
      the enzymatic activities of the native and 6-FPLP-enzymes at varied temperatures
      also show a pronounced curvature.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3707921
TI  - Resonance Raman spectroscopic evidence that carp deoxyhemoglobin remains in a T
      like quaternary structure at high pH: implications for cooperativity.
AB  - Resonance Raman spectroscopy shows the Fe-proximal imidazole stretching band to
      shift from 215 to 219 cm-1 between human deoxyhemoglobin (deoxy-Hb) and a Hb
      sample which is 75% oxygenated, demonstrating that the T-R quaternary structure
      switch can be monitored by resonance Raman spectroscopy in native Hb at
      equilibrium. For deoxy-Hb from carp, the band is at 215 cm-1 at pH 9 as well as
      pH 6, contrary to previous reports of an elevated frequency at high pH. The
      invariance of this frequency over a large affinity difference is in contrast to a
      recent report of continuously varying vFe-ImH frequencies for human mutant deoxy
      Hb's. The band shifts to 219 cm-1 for carp Hb at pH 9 when O2 is bound to only
      20% of the hemes. The spectra are consistent with a T-R switch upon binding
      approximately 0.5 O2 per Hb, on the average, although the number may be higher if
      the binding affinity is higher for alpha- than for beta-chains. The 0.5 value, in
      conjunction with the weak cooperativity observed for carp Hb at pH 9, is
      incompatible with a value of the allosteric constant, L = (T0)/(R0), large enough
      to prevent the vFe-ImH band from shifting detectably at pH 9 in the absence of
      O2. The possibility of functionally important intermediate structures is
      discussed.

PMID- 3707922
TI  - Conformational unfolding in the N-terminal region of ribonuclease A detected by
      nonradiative energy transfer.
AB  - Unfolding in the N-terminal region of RNase A was studied by the nonradiative
      energy-transfer technique. RNase A was labeled with a nonfluorescent acceptor
      (2,4-dinitrophenyl) on the alpha-amino group and a fluorescent donor
      (ethylenediamine monoamide of 2-naphthoxyacetic acid) on a carboxyl group in the
      vicinity of residue 50 (75% at Glu-49 and 25% at Asp-53). The distribution of
      donor labeling sites does not affect the results of this study since they are
      close in both the sequence and the three-dimensional structure. The sites of
      labeling were determined by peptide mapping. The derivatives possessed full
      enzymatic activity and underwent reversible thermal transitions. However, there
      were some quantitative differences in the thermodynamic parameters. When the
      carboxyl groups were masked, there was a 5 degrees C lowering of the melting
      temperature at pH 2 and 4, and no significant change in delta H(Tm). Labeling of
      the alpha-amino group had no effect on the melting temperature or delta H(Tm) at
      pH 2 but did result in a dramatic decrease in delta H(Tm) of the unfolding
      reaction at pH 4. The melting temperature did not change appreciably at pH 4,
      indicating that an enthalpy/entropy compensation had occurred. The efficiencies
      of energy transfer determined with both fluorescence intensity and lifetime
      measurements were in reasonably good agreement. The transfer efficiency dropped
      from about 60% under folding conditions to roughly 20% when the derivatives were
      unfolded with disulfide bonds intact and was further reduced to 5% when the
      disulfide bonds were reduced. The interprobe separation distance was estimated to
      be 35 +/- 2 A under folding conditions. The contribution to the interprobe
      distance resulting from the finite size of the probes was treated by using simple
      geometric considerations and a rotational isomeric state model of the donor probe
      linkage. With this model, the estimated average interprobe distance of 36 A is in
      excellent agreement with the experimental result cited above.

PMID- 3707923
TI  - Conformational flexibility and biological activity of salmon calcitonin.
AB  - We have assessed the biological activity of salmon calcitonin I (sCT) using an in
      vivo biological assay of hypocalcemic activity in rats. The changes in biological
      activity observed are explained on the basis of changes in the conformational
      properties of the hormone analogues. Helical content in the presence and absence
      of lipids and detergents was assessed by using circular dichroism, and the
      section of the molecule that folds into a helix was predicted on the basis of the
      helix-coil transition theory of Mattice and co-workers. In the amino acid
      sequence of sCT, residue 8 is valine and residue 16 is leucine. The synthetic
      calcitonin derivatives [Gly8]sCT and [Ala16]sCT have higher biological activity
      than the native hormone although they have a lower helical content. The increased
      biological activity of these derivatives is ascribed to an increase in their
      conformational flexibility resulting from the substitution of amino acid residues
      with less bulky side chains and less tendency to form helical structures. The
      derivative [Met8]sCT has less substitution than sCT on the beta-carbon at
      position 8, but it has increased helix-forming potential in the region of
      residues 8-12. These two factors affect conformational flexibility in opposite
      ways, resulting in the biological activity of [Met8]sCT being slightly higher
      than that of sCT. However, increased conformational flexibility does not always
      increase biological activity. Substitution of the L-arginine at residue 24 for a
      D-arginine has little effect on the conformational properties or biological
      activity of sCT. However, [Gly8, D-Arg24]sCT is less active than sCT, [Gly8]sCT,
      or [D-Arg24]sCT.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3707924
TI  - Cadmium binding and metal cluster formation in metallothionein: a differential
      modification study.
AB  - Mammalian metallothioneins (MT) contain 20 Cys in a total of 61 amino acid
      residues and bind 7 Cd and/or Zn ions. The metal is localized in two clusters
      made up of three and four metal-thiolate complexes in the NH2- and COOH-terminal
      half of the chain, respectively [Otvos, J.D., & Armitage, I. M. (1980) Proc.
      Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77, 7094-7098]. The formation of these oligonuclear
      complexes designated as Cd4 and Cd3 clusters has now been monitored in MT
      reconstituted with varying amounts of Cd by using differential chemical
      modification of Cys with [14C]iodoacetamide. At ratios below 2-3 mol of Cd/mol of
      MT bound, no differential protection of Cys by the metal, and hence no preferred
      binding, is detectable. At Cd-to-protein ratios between 3 and 5 mol of Cd/mol of
      MT, the modification profiles reveal preferred and cooperative binding in the
      COOH-terminal half of the chain, indicating formation of the Cd4 cluster. At
      still higher ratios, formation of the Cd3 cluster is initiated in the NH2
      terminal section of the polypeptide chain. Comparison of the differential
      modification data of Cd6-MT and Cd7-MT suggests that the last Cd to be bound is
      coordinated to Cys ligands located mainly between positions 20 and 30 of the
      sequence. The extent of labeling of the different Cys in Cd7-MT indicates that
      the ligands of the Cd3 cluster are 3 times as accessible to iodoacetamide than
      those of the Cd4 cluster, suggesting a greater thermodynamic or kinetic stability
      of the latter.

PMID- 3707925
TI  - Biochemical and physiochemical characterization of chromatin fractions with
      different degrees of solubility isolated from chicken erythrocyte nuclei.
AB  - Chicken erythrocyte chromatin was prepared according to two different methods
      [Fulmer, A. W., & Bloomfield, V. A. (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78, 5968
      5972; Ausio, J., Borochov, N., Seger, D., & Eisenberg, H. (1984) J. Mol. Biol.
      177, 373-398] to give three main common fractions, according to its solubility
      (S) or insolubility (I) in 0.15 M NaCl buffers or to its further solubility in
      0.25 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (E). From the biochemical point of view,
      all of them have been found to be undistinguishable. Analytical
      ultracentrifugation shows that all of these fractions can reversibly undergo the
      transition from the low to the higher order structure, through a nearly identical
      way of folding. Thermal denaturation profiles yielded three transitions having
      the same Tm's for the three fractions. The percentage of DNA melting in the first
      transition decreased in the order S greater than I greater than E, and the amount
      in the second transition increased in the same order. Together with the different
      solubility of these fractions in the presence of divalent ions, these results
      indicate that in the three fractions of chromatin studied, the amount of linker
      DNA bound to the nucleosome varied.

PMID- 3707926
TI  - Interaction of microtubule-associated protein 2 with actin filaments.
AB  - The interaction of unphosphorylated and phosphorylated microtubule-associated
      protein 2 (MAP-2) with actin filaments was examined by electron microscopic,
      electrophoretic, and dark-field light microscopic techniques. Unphosphorylated
      MAP-2 was observed to cross-link and bundle individual actin filaments.
      Chymotryptic fragments of MAP-2 protein were produced which bound to, but could
      not cross-link, actin polymer; these fragments encompassed the tubulin binding
      domain of MAP-2. The phosphorylation of intact MAP-2, by means of endogenous
      protein kinases, inhibited the ability of this molecule to cross-link and bundle
      actin filaments. Phosphorylation did not, however, inhibit the binding of MAP-2
      to F-actin. The chymotryptic fragments of phosphorylated MAP-2 that retained
      their ability to bind to actin and promote microtubule assembly also encompassed
      the tubulin binding domain of this molecule. An analysis of MAP-2 fragments by
      nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis indicated that most of the polypeptide
      backbone is relatively acidic with the exception of the tubulin binding domain.
      This region was determined to be the most basic (positively charged) region of
      the MAP-2 molecule. Biochemical and morphological evidence is presented to
      demonstrate that both unphosphorylated MAP-2 and phosphorylated MAP-2 have the
      capacity to use actin, in addition to microtubules, as a separate anchoring
      substrate. The presence of tubulin, however, strongly inhibits the interaction of
      MAP-2 with actin filaments.

PMID- 3707927
TI  - Physical-chemical model for the entry of water-insoluble compounds into cells.
      Studies of fatty acid uptake by the liver.
AB  - The spontaneous transfer of water-insoluble substances from plasma to the
      interior of cells would involve a series of steps in which the substance of
      interest dissociates from albumin in plasma, enters the outer half of the plasma
      membrane of a cell, crosses the bilayer, and then dissociates from the inner half
      of the plasma membrane to enter cell cytosol and diffuses to sites of its
      metabolism. We have examined the behavior of long-chain fatty acids in the uptake
      process, assuming that none of these steps is facilitated by the cell during the
      entry of fatty acids into the liver. Comparison of the spontaneous rates for each
      individual step with rates of uptake of fatty acid by perfused liver leads to the
      conclusion that the uptake of fatty acids is not limited by kinetic factors but
      is determined instead by the equilibrium distribution (Keq) of fatty acids
      between albumin in plasma and the phospholipids of the plasma membrane. This idea
      was examined further by determining whether there was a relationship between the
      value for Keq and rates of uptake of a fatty acid and the pattern of kinetics for
      uptake. The data indicate that there is a linear relationship between Keq and the
      rate of uptake, that uptake rates can be predicted with a high degree of accuracy
      from thermodynamic data, and that the pattern of kinetics of uptake is compatible
      with the idea that the uptake rate is determined by the relative affinity of a
      fatty acid for albumin and membranes.

PMID- 3707928
TI  - Effect of variation of retinal polyene side-chain length on formation and
      function of bacteriorhodopsin analogue pigments.
AB  - The effect of the length of the retinal polyene side chain on bacterioopsin
      pigment formation and function has been investigated with two series of synthetic
      retinal analogues. Cyclohexyl derivatives with polyene chains one carbon longer
      and one or more carbons shorter than retinal and linear polyenes with no ring
      have been synthesized and characterized. Compounds of six carbons or less in the
      polyene chain form pigments very poorly or not at all with bacterioopsin.
      Compounds containing at least seven carbons in the chain are found to form
      reasonably stable bacterioopsin pigments that show a small shift in absorbance on
      irradiation. However, photocycling and proton photorelease are not detected. The
      analogue with nine carbons in the polyene chain (one less than retinal) forms a
      stable pigment with an M-type intermediate but demonstrates reduced amounts of
      photocycling and light-activated proton release. The analogue with a polyene
      chain identical with that of retinal, but containing no ring, forms a pigment
      that shows both an efficient light-activated proton photocycle and release. The
      pigment containing the chromophore with the polyene chain one carbon longer than
      retinal is likewise fully active. We thus conclude that the length of the polyene
      chain must be at least 9 carbons for the formation of a stable pigment that
      photocycles and must be 10 carbons for both the photocycle and light-activated
      proton release to have a high quantum efficiency.

PMID- 3707929
TI  - Evidence for processing of maize catalase 2 and purification of its messenger RNA
      aided by translation of antibody-bound polysomes.
AB  - Two-dimensional gel analysis of the in vitro and in vivo labeled catalase 2 (CAT
      2) isozyme protein of Zea mays L. and western gel analysis of native CAT-2 and in
      vitro labeled CAT-2 indicated that the protein is processed from a precursor to a
      lower molecular weight form in the scutellum. The CAT-2 from each source appeared
      on two-dimensional gels as one major species and two to three subspecies of the
      same molecular weight. We have also purified the mRNA encoding CAT-2 from
      scutella of line R6-67 using the procedure of polysome immunoadsorption. As a
      midcourse check on the progress of purification, we translated a small portion of
      the purified Cat2 mRNA-containing polysomes while they were still complexed with
      CAT-2 antibodies and bound to protein A-Sepharose. This revealed the presence of
      highly purified Cat2 polysomes. The final mRNA could not be translated in the
      wheat germ system but was highly active in the reticulocyte lysate system. The
      translation product had a molecular weight of 56 000, compared to that of 54 000
      for purified CAT-2 protein. We have also enriched for Cat2 mRNA by size selection
      on methylmercury-agarose gels. The Cat2 resided with and slightly above the 18S
      ribosomal contaminant band of the total poly(A+) mRNA. It is therefore about 1805
      bases long, which is 224 bases longer than the calculated coding length of 1581
      bases.

PMID- 3707930
TI  - Translational control of gene expression in a normal fibroblast. Characterization
      of a subclass of mRNAs with unusual kinetic properties.
AB  - The translation of a small number of mRNAs in mouse SC-1 fibroblasts can be
      stimulated by cycloheximide, under conditions where the synthesis of most
      proteins is inhibited. These mRNAs are ordinarily present in small polyribosomes
      or messenger ribonucleoprotein particles, although the addition of cycloheximide
      drives them into large (greater than or equal to 5) polysomes. These mRNAs cannot
      be translated in vitro unless they are extracted with phenol. With such
      treatment, however, they are translated with normal competitive efficiencies. In
      iron-poor media, the mRNA for ferritin exhibits several of the distinctive
      kinetic properties of this class of mRNAs. With iron supplementation, however,
      ferritin translation appears normal. These observations are consistent with the
      existence of translational induction/repression systems in eukaryotes. Several
      types of evidence suggest that repressors may act by interfering with the
      interaction between mRNAs and limiting translational initiation components.

PMID- 3707931
TI  - Intermolecular histone H4 interactions in core nucleosomes.
AB  - Chicken histone H4, labeled at methionine-84 with 1-N-pyrenyliodoacetamide, has
      been incorporated into a nucleosome-like particle with core length DNA and
      unmodified histones H2A, H2B, and H3. These synthetic nucleosomes exhibit
      properties very similar to those displayed by native particles and those labeled
      with other fluors. The emission spectrum of the pyrene-labeled nucleosome was
      characteristic of excited dimer (excimer) fluorescence, indicating that the
      single pyrene groups on the two H4 molecules are in close proximity in the
      reconstituted particle. Histone H4 was also labeled randomly at lysines with a
      group that contains two pyrene moieties separated by 12 A at most. Incorporation
      of this histone into nucleosome-like particles provides an excimer standard which
      does not depend on intermolecular interactions. The properties of the pyrene
      containing nucleosome were examined as a function of ionic strength. It was found
      that the H4-H4 pyrene excimer fluorescence exhibited a cooperative disruption
      centered at 0.1 M NaCl which preceded increases in accessibility and environment
      polarity revealed by other fluors attached at the same site.

PMID- 3707932
TI  - Assembly of active chromatin.
AB  - In eukaryotic cells, transcriptionally active chromatin and inactive chromatin
      exist in dissimilar configurations which correlate with their functional states.
      The present study asks whether the differences in structure and function of
      active and inactive chromatin are also reflected in the process of replication.
      We have used mild micrococcal nuclease digestion [Bloom, K.S., & Anderson, J.N.
      (1978) Cell (Cambridge, Mass.) 15, 141-150] to release selectively an active
      chromatin fraction, S1, from MSB cell nuclei. The S1 fraction is greater than 6
      fold enriched in sequences complementary to polyadenylated RNA and thus consists
      of virtually pure active chromatin. As isolated, the S1 chromatin comprises
      mononucleosomes which contain approximately 160 base pairs of DNA bound by core
      histones but which are enriched in non-histones and free of histone H1. Chemical
      cross-linking of S1 chromatin yields octamers containing the normal stoichiometry
      of core histones. When MSB cells are pulse labeled with isotopically dense amino
      acids and the recovered S1 chromatin is isolated and cross-linked, the labeled
      histone octamers are found in a single hybrid density octamer band on isopycnic
      gradients. These results indicate that, in contrast to the conservative assembly
      of transcriptionally inactive nucleosomes, the deposition of histones during the
      replication of active chromatin follows a nonrandom, semiconservative pathway.

PMID- 3707933
TI  - Characterization of a second estrogen receptor species in chick oviduct.
AB  - Scatchard analysis of estradiol binding to chick oviduct cytosol is consistent
      with the existence of two high-affinity estrogen receptors which bind this ligand
      with equilibrium dissociation constants (Kd) of 0.06 and 0.8 mM. While the higher
      affinity receptor has been characterized and purified [Smith, R. G., & Schwartz,
      R.J. (1979) Biochem. J. 184, 331-343], the properties of the lower affinity
      receptor have not previously been defined; thus, its existence has been
      questioned. We now report the separation of the two receptors by low-capacity
      affinity chromatography, by sucrose density gradient centrifugation, and the
      partial separation by diethylaminoethyl ion-exchange chromatography. The former
      utilizes differences in estrogen binding kinetics associated with each receptor;
      the rate of dissociation (k-1) of [3H]estradiol from each receptor is identical
      (k-1 = 7.7 X 10(-5) s-1) while rates of association (k1) reflect the 10-fold
      differences in Kd. The lower affinity receptor has a k1 = 1.63 X 10(5) M-1 s-1,
      and the higher affinity receptor has a k1 = 1.33 X 10(6) M-1 s-1. The lower
      affinity receptor sediments at 3.5 S on sucrose density gradients compared to 4.2
      S for the high-affinity form; it has high specificity for estrogen and is tissue
      specific, and its nuclear occupancy is associated with increases in ovalbumin
      gene transcription; thus, this macromolecule meets the criteria of an estrogen
      receptor. Augmentation of this receptor is possible by treatment of the cytosol
      with ATP/Mg2+, illustrating the existence of a non-steroid binding
      species.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3707934
TI  - Purification and characterization of a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor from
      chick brain.
AB  - Immunohistochemical studies have previously shown that both the chick brain and
      chick ciliary ganglion neurons contain a component which shares antigenic
      determinants with the main immunogenic region of the nicotinic acetylcholine
      receptor from electric organ and skeletal muscle. Here we describe the
      purification and initial characterization of this putative neuronal acetylcholine
      receptor. The component was purified by monoclonal antibody affinity
      chromatography. The solubilized component sediments on sucrose gradients as a
      species slightly larger than Torpedo acetylcholine receptor monomers. It was
      affinity labeled with bromo[3H]acetylcholine. Labeling was prevented by
      carbachol, but not by alpha-bungarotoxin. Two subunits could be detected in the
      affinity-purified component, apparent molecular weights 48 000 and 59 000. The 48
      000 molecular weight subunit was bound both by a monoclonal antibody directed
      against the main immunogenic region of electric organ and skeletal muscle
      acetylcholine receptor and by antisera raised against the alpha subunit of
      Torpedo receptor. Evidence suggests that there are two alpha subunits in the
      brain component. Antisera from rats immunized with the purified brain component
      exhibited little or no cross-reactivity with Torpedo electric organ or chick
      muscle acetylcholine receptor. One antiserum did, however, specifically bind to
      all four subunits of Torpedo receptor. Experiments to be described elsewhere (J.
      Stollberg et al., unpublished results) show that antisera to the purified brain
      component specifically inhibit the electrophysiological function of acetylcholine
      receptors in chick ciliary ganglion neurons without inhibiting the function of
      acetylcholine receptors in chick muscle cells. All of these properties suggest
      that this component is a neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor with limited
      structural homology to muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.

PMID- 3707935
TI  - Structure of the mouse glucocorticoid receptor: rapid analysis by size-exclusion
      high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - Gel-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been used to
      separate the untransformed from the transformed glucocorticoid receptor (GC-R)
      extracted from mouse AtT-20 cells. With 200 mM potassium phosphate as the eluent,
      an efficient separation of the forms of the GC-R is attained in 15-20 min. The
      untransformed cytosolic GC-R elutes from the column with a Stokes radius (Rs) of
      8.2-8.6 nm, as do the molybdate-stabilized GC-R, the purified untransformed GC-R,
      and the cross-linked cytosolic GC-R. GC-R transformed in vitro by either ammonium
      sulfate precipitation, KCl treatment, or G-25 chromatography elutes with an Rs of
      5.7-6 nm. Also, GC-R extracted from the nucleus with either 0.3 M KCl or 2 mM
      sodium tungstate, or purified by two cycles of DNA-cellulose chromatography, has
      an Rs of 5.5-6.3 nm. The data are identical either in the presence or in the
      absence of 20 mM Na2MoO4, suggesting that molybdate is not causing aggregation to
      produce a larger Rs value than that of the native receptor. Vertical tube rotor
      sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation of cytosol produces three forms of the GC-R:
      9.1 S, 5.2 S, and 3.8 S. Sequential analysis of the GC-R forms by HPLC and
      vertical tube rotor ultracentrifugation and vice versa allows for the
      hydrodynamic determination of molecular weight within a very short time period (2
      3 h total).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3707936
TI  - Thiol-group modification of Torpedo californica acetylcholine receptor: subunit
      localization and effects on function.
AB  - The effects of thiol-group modifications on acetylcholine receptor (ACHR)
      function were measured with purified ACHR reconstituted into asolectin vesicles.
      N-Phenylmaleimide (NPM) was used to modify sulfhydryl groups on ACHR in the
      absence of any prior reduction of dithiothreitol, so that only the functional
      relevance of free sulfhydryls was examined. Modification by NPM led to the
      inhibition of ion-channel activity without a detectable effect on ligand binding.
      The ion flux inhibition by NPM primarily affected channel activation, since the
      initial rates of activation were decreased over a wide range of carbamylcholine
      concentrations. The [3H]NPM subunit labeling pattern of ACHR (a multisubunit
      membrane protein with alpha 2 beta gamma delta stoichiometry) revealed that there
      was preferential labeling of the gamma subunit. At high NPM concentrations, the
      number of sulfhydryl groups on the gamma subunit that could be modified with NPM
      was approximately two. Detergent was required during labeling for functionally
      relevant thiol-group modifications, and most of the label was protected from
      protease digestion in the reconstituted membranes. These results are consistent
      with the presence of the NPM modification in a bilayer and/or cytoplasmic domain.

PMID- 3707937
TI  - Spontaneous vesiculation of aqueous lipid dispersions.
AB  - The swelling properties of lipid mixtures consisting of phosphatidylcholine and a
      charged single-chain detergent have been studied. The work presented here is
      confined to lipid mixtures forming smectic lamellar phases in H2O. These mixtures
      exhibit continuous swelling with increasing water content, provided the surface
      charge density exceeds a threshold value of about 1-2 microC/cm2. In excess H2O,
      such mixtures undergo spontaneous vesiculation: unilamellar vesicles form
      spontaneously when excess H2O or salt solutions of moderate ionic strength (I
      less than 0.2) are added to the dried film of such lipid mixtures. The resulting
      dispersion of unilamellar vesicles is usually polydisperse. Its average size
      depends on the detergent/phospholipid mole ratio, decreasing with increasing
      detergent content. It is shown that in the phase diagram of three-component
      systems consisting of phosphatidylcholine, a charged single-chain detergent, and
      excess H2O there is a compositional range, though narrow, within which the small
      unilamellar vesicle (diameter less than 100 nm) is the thermodynamically most
      stable structure. This behavior is characteristic of charged, single-chain
      detergents of 14 and more C atoms. Many pharmacologically active compounds are
      amphiphilic and surface-active, and as such, they will orient at phospholipid
      water interfaces, imparting a net surface charge to neutral lipid surfaces. It is
      shown that such drugs exhibit detergent-like action. Mixed films of
      phosphatidylcholine and a pharmacologically active compound behave similarly to
      phosphatidylcholine-detergent mixtures: they undergo spontaneous vesiculation
      when excess H2O or salt solutions of moderate ionic strength are added. In this
      case, the drug itself induces vesiculation; possible pharmacological implications
      of this finding are discussed.

PMID- 3707938
TI  - Calcium/phosphate-induced immobilization of fluorescent phosphatidylserine in
      synthetic bilayer membranes: inhibition of lipid transfer between vesicles.
AB  - Resonance energy transfer between 4-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD) acyl chain
      labeled phospholipid analogues and (lissamine) rhodamine B labeled
      phosphatidylethanolamine was used to monitor the rate of NBD-labeled lipid
      transfer between a variety of small unilamellar donor vesicles and
      dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) acceptor vesicles. In the presence of
      appropriate concentrations of Ca2+ and phosphate, the transfer rate of NBD
      phosphatidylserine (NBD-PS) from vesicles composed of lipid extracts from human
      red blood cells was reduced by approximately 10-fold, while the transfer rates of
      NBD-phosphatidylcholine, -ethanolamine, -glycerol, -N-succinylethanolamine, and 
      phosphatidic acid were essentially unaffected. A systematic evaluation of the
      lipid composition needed to facilitate the Ca2+/phosphate-induced inhibition of
      NBD-PS transfer revealed that the process was dependent upon the inclusion of
      both cholesterol and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in the donor vesicle
      population. Inhibition of NBD-PS transfer required the sequential addition of
      phosphate and Ca2+ to the vesicles, indicating that the combined interaction of
      Ca2+ and phosphate at the membrane surface was a prerequisite for inhibition to
      occur. Parallel experiments designed to determine the possible mechanism of this
      phenomenon showed that inhibition of NBD-PS transfer was not due to Ca2+-mediated
      phase separations or vesicle-vesicle fusion. However, the addition of Ca2+ and
      phosphate to vesicles composed of total red blood cell lipids or cholesterol/PE
      did result in their aggregation. On the other hand, aggregation per se did not
      seem to be responsible for the inhibition of transfer since NBD-PS-containing
      vesicles composed of DOPC or DOPC/DOPE also aggregated, although NBD-PS transfer
      was unaffected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3707939
TI  - Evidence from deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance for the temperature-dependent
      reversible self-association of erythrocyte band 3 in
      dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine bilayers.
AB  - Band 3, isolated from human erythrocytes, has been reconstituted into bilayers of
      1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) deuterated in the terminal
      methyl groups of the choline head group. By use of Triton X-100 for selective
      extraction and purification of band 3 and then cholate for subsequent
      solubilization with the lipid, a number of reconstituted complexes were produced
      by exhaustive detergent dialysis with protein:lipid weight ratios of between
      0.32:1 and 1.25:1. Electron micrographs of negatively stained complexes showed
      that this method produced large vesicles of greater than 300-nm diameter.
      Deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra from the choline methyl
      deuterons in bilayer lipid above the liquid-crystal-gel phase transition
      temperature were shown to change systematically with increasing concentrations of
      band 3 in the bilayers. The measured quadrupole splittings, taken as the
      separation of the turning points in the recorded spectra, decreased from a value
      of 1.28 kHz for pure lipid to 0.98 kHz for bilayers with a protein:lipid ratio of
      1.25:1 at 26 degrees C. At 35 degrees C, a more pronounced decrease in the
      quadrupole splittings was measured. The data from the complexes with
      protein:lipid ratios up to 0.7:1 (w/w) obey the mathematical treatment for a
      rapid two-site exchange between lipids at the protein-lipid interface and the
      bulk lipid phase. The temperature dependence of the measured quadrupole splitting
      with respect to the protein:lipid ratio indicates that the amount of lipid at the
      protein-lipid interface increases with increasing temperature.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3707940
TI  - 19F nuclear magnetic resonance studies of selectively fluorinated derivatives of
      G- and F-actin.
AB  - G-Actin is a globular protein (Mr 42 300) known to have three cysteine residues
      that are at least partially exposed and chemically reactive (Cys-10, -284, and 
      374). When G-actin was reacted with 3-bromo-1,1,1-trifluoropropanone, three
      resolvable 19F resonances were observed in the 19F NMR spectrum. This fluorinated
      G-actin derivative remained fully polymerizable, and its 31P NMR spectrum was not
      significantly different from that of unmodified G-actin, indicating that the
      chemical modification did not denature the actin and the modified residues do not
      interfere with the extent of polymerization or the binding of adenosine 5'
      triphosphate. One of the three 19F resonances was assigned to fluorinated Cys-374
      on the basis of its selective reaction with N-ethylmaleimide. This resonance was
      dramatically broadened after polymerization of fluorinated G-actin, while the
      other two resonances were not markedly broadened or shifted. Thus, Cys-10 and 
      284 are not involved in or appreciably affected by the polymerization of G-actin,
      while the mobility of the 19F label at Cys-374 is markedly reduced.

PMID- 3707941
TI  - S-[2-(N7-guanyl)ethyl]glutathione, the major DNA adduct formed from 1,2
      dibromoethane.
AB  - The reaction of 1,2-dibromoethane and glutathione with DNA in the presence of
      glutathione S-transferase results in the formation of a single major DNA adduct,
      which can be released by thermal hydrolysis at neutral pH and separated by
      octadecylsilyl and propylamino high-performance liquid chromatography. The same
      DNA adduct is the only major one formed in livers of rats treated with 1,2
      dibromo[1,2-14C]ethane. The DNA adduct was identified as S-[2-(N7
      guanyl)ethyl]glutathione: (1) The chromatographic behavior was altered by
      treatment with gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase or Streptomyces griseus protease.
      (2) The molecular ions observed in positive and negative mode fast atom
      bombardment mass spectrometry were those expected for the structure when either
      glycerol or a mixture of dithiothreitol and dithioerythritol was used as the
      bombardment matrix. (3) The two-dimensional 1H NMR correlated spectroscopy
      spectrum of the DNA adduct was compared to the spectra of glutathione, oxidized
      glutathione, and N7-methylguanine and found to be consistent with the assigned
      structure. No evidence for in vitro or in vivo opening of the guanyl imidazole
      ring was observed under these conditions. The structure of the adduct supports a
      pathway involving enzyme-catalyzed conjugation of 1,2-dibromoethane with
      glutathione, non-enzymatic dehydrohalogenation of the resulting half-mustard to
      form a cyclic episulfonium ion, and attack of the N7 nitrogen of DNA guanine on
      the episulfonium ion to generate this major DNA adduct, which may be related to
      the carcinogenicity of this chemical.

PMID- 3707942
TI  - Conformation of d(CpG) modified by the carcinogen 4-aminobiphenyl: a combined
      experimental and theoretical analysis.
AB  - The change in DNA conformation produced by the attachment of a reactive substance
      is likely to be a vital factor in determining the biological consequences of the
      reaction. We have prepared a deoxydinucleoside monophosphate containing the major
      adduct derived from the carcinogenic amine 4-aminobiphenyl and analyzed its
      conformation by theoretical and experimental methods. Reaction of d(CpG) with N
      acetoxy-N-(trifluoroacetyl)-4-aminobiphenyl afforded the product modified at C-8
      of guanine with 4-aminobiphenyl. After purification by reverse-phase high
      performance liquid chromatography, milligram amounts of product were obtained. It
      was analyzed by circular dichroism, proton magnetic resonance, and minimized
      potential-energy calculations. A flexible molecule with a mixture of conformers
      is indicated. Both carcinogen-base-stacked states and base-base-stacked states,
      with guanine both syn anti, contribute to the population mixture on the dimer
      level. The global minimum-energy conformation has syn-guanine and carcinogen-base
      stacking. Forms of this type are calculated to represent roughly 58% of the
      conformer population. Because of the twisted nature of the biphenyl moiety,
      carcinogen-base stacking inherently involves less overlap than that in the planar
      and rigid three-ringed aminofluorene analogue. This difference might relate to
      the diminished effectiveness of the aminobiphenyl vs. the aminofluorene adduct as
      a frameshift mutagen in Salmonella typhimurium 1538.

PMID- 3707944
TI  - Myosin subfragment 1 has tertiary structural domains.
AB  - Transient electrical birefringence measurements were made on skeletal muscle
      myosin subfragment 1 (S1) at 3.7 degrees C in 10 mM
      tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-acetate and 0.10 mM MgCl2, pH 7.0. The specific
      birefringence for 4.5 microM S1 was determined from steady-state measurements to
      be (8.1 +/- 0.3) X 10(-7) (cm/statvolt)2. For electric fields in the range of
      2.47-24.7 statvolts/cm, the alignment was due to a large permanent dipole moment
      for S1, estimated to be 8500 +/- 2000 D. The duration and the strength of the
      transient electric field was varied, and the temporal response of the decay of
      the birefringence signal was analyzed. The rate of rotational motion after the
      field was removed increased with increasing field strength for short (0.35
      microseconds) pulses and decreased with increasing pulse lengths for all field
      strengths. The rate of decay from a steady-state birefringence signal was
      independent of field strength. A model of S1 structure is proposed, which is
      consistent with these data and most other data on S1 structure. In this model, S1
      is composed of two tertiary structural domains that are connected by a flexible
      linkage with a substantial restoring force. The electric dipole moments on the
      two domains are arranged head to tail. The segmental movement of the domains is
      restricted to certain directions. The average conformation of the molecule is
      elongated, but it can be made more compact by the torque exerted by an electric
      field. The structural changes depend on the strength and duration of the
      pulse.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3707943
TI  - Localization of a felodipine (dihydropyridine) binding site on calmodulin.
AB  - The fluorescent dihydropyridine calcium antagonist drug felodipine binds to
      calmodulin (CaM) in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Its binding can be regulated by the
      interaction of CaM antagonist drugs through allosteric mechanisms [Mills, J.S., &
      Johnson, J.D. (1985) Biochemistry 24, 4897]. Here, we have examined the binding
      of a nonspecific hydrophobic fluorescent probe molecule TNS
      (toluidinylnaphthalenesulfonate) and of felodipine to CAM and several of its
      proteolytic fragments. While TNS interacts with sites on both the amino-terminal
      half of the protein [proteolytic fragment TR1C (1-77)] and carboxy-terminal half
      [proteolytic fragment TR2C (78-148)], felodipine binding shows more selectivity.
      It binds in a Ca2+-dependent manner to the proteolytic fragments TM1 (1-106) and
      TR2E (1-90) but exhibits only weak affinity for TR1C (1-77) and TR2C (78-148).
      Furthermore, felodipine exhibits selectivity over TNS and trifluoperazine (TFP)
      in blocking the tryptic cleavage between residues 77 and 78. These studies
      indicate a selective binding of felodipine to a hydrophobic site existing in
      residues 1-90 and suggest that productive binding requires amino acids in the
      region 78-90. Although the felodipine binding site is preserved in fragment 1
      106, the allosteric interactions between the prenylamine and the felodipine
      binding sites that are observed with intact CaM are not observed in this
      fragment. Rather, prenylamine simply displaces felodipine from its binding site
      on this fragment. Our results are consistent with calmodulin containing not less
      than two allosterically related hydrophobic drug binding sites. One of these
      sites (felodipine) appears to be localized in region 1-90 and the other one in
      region 78-148.

PMID- 3707945
TI  - An electrical and structural characterization of H+/OH- currents in phospholipid
      vesicles.
AB  - Paramagnetic amphiphiles have been utilized to measure and characterize
      electrogenic H+/OH- ion transport in a series of model membrane systems. Membrane
      conductivity to H+/OH- ions varies with the method of vesicle preparation and
      with the level of saturation of the membrane phospholipid. Small sonicated
      vesicles have the lowest conductivities by approximately an order of magnitude
      compared to reverse-phase or ether-injection vesicle systems. This conductivity
      is particularly sensitive to the presence of polyunsaturated lipids in the
      vesicle membrane. The current-delta pH dependence of the H+/OH- conductivity
      shows a nonideal behavior and renders the phenomenological membrane permeability
      dependent upon the experimental value of delta pH that is chosen. These factors
      can account for much, if not all, of the variability in the published values for
      the H+/OH- permeability of model membranes. A procedure has been developed to
      establish and estimate changes in the dipole potential of vesicle bilayers. Using
      this method, we demonstrate that H+/OH- currents are insensitive to alterations
      in the membrane dipole field, a result that suggests that these currents are not
      rate limited by diffusion over simple electrostatic barriers in the membrane
      interior. In addition, conduction in D2O has been examined, and we find that
      there is little difference in the magnitudes of D+/OD- currents compared to H+/OH
      currents in vesicle systems.

PMID- 3707946
TI  - 13C NMR study of the stereospecificity of the thiohemiacetals formed on
      inhibition of papain by specific enantiomeric aldehydes.
AB  - The inhibition of papain by N-acetyl-D- and N-acetyl-L-phenylalanyl[1
      13C]glycinal was investigated by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
      spectroscopy. Both the L- and D-aldehyde enantiomers formed thiohemiacetals with
      papain. The 13C-enriched carbon of the thiohemiacetals formed with the L- and D
      aldehydes has chemical shifts at 74.7 and 75.1 ppm, respectively. The difference
      in chemical shift for the two inhibitor complexes is attributed to each forming a
      different diastereomeric papain thiohemiacetal. Each enantiomeric inhibitor
      formed two diastereomeric thiohemiacetals with chiral thiols but produced a
      single diastereoisomer with papain. It is concluded that with papain
      thiohemiacetal formation is stereospecific. The D inhibitor is bound only 5-fold
      less tightly than the L inhibitor, which suggests that in both these inhibitor
      complexes the phenyl ring of the inhibitor phenylalanine is bound at the S2
      hydrophobic pocket of papain. This is supported by computer modeling studies that
      show that both the N-acetyl-D- and N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine moieties can be
      separately fitted into the S2 subsite with the phenyl ring of phenylalanine in
      the S2 hydrophobic pocket. It is concluded that thiohemiacetal formation at S1
      (S1 and S1' are the active center amino acid binding sites) is stereospecific
      with both D and L inhibitors. Computer modeling studies support this showing
      that, due to steric hindrance between the thiohemiacetal hydroxyl group and the
      backbone amide nitrogen of serine-24, only one of the two possible thiohemiacetal
      enantiomers can be formed at the S1 subsite. The thiohemiacetals formed from both
      the D- and L-aldehyde inhibitors therefore have only one permitted conformation
      at S1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3707947
TI  - Studies on the succinate dehydrogenating system. Interaction of the mitochondrial
      succinate-ubiquinone reductase with pyridoxal phosphate.
AB  - The inhibitory effect of pyridoxal phosphate on the Triton X-100 solubilized
      purified bovine heart succinate-ubiquinone reductase (Choudhry, Z.M., Gavrikova,
      E.V., Kotlyar, A.B., Tushurashvilli, P.R. and Vinogradov, A.D. (1985) FEBS Lett.
      182, 171-175) was studied. The kinetics of the enzyme inactivation by pyridoxal
      phosphate was found to be strongly dependent both qualitatively and
      quantitatively on the concentration of the protein-detergent complexes. In the
      diluted system the inactivation of the ubiquinone-depleted enzyme was completely
      prevented by the saturating concentrations of Q2, carboxin,
      thenoiltrifluoroacetone and pentachlorophenol, i.e., by the substrate and
      specific inhibitors of the enzyme. The protective effects of Q2 and the
      inhibitors was employed to quantitate the affinities of the ligands to their
      specific binding sites. Strong difference in the affinity of Q2 to the reduced
      and oxidized enzyme was found. When the soluble reconstitutively active succinate
      dehydrogenase was treated with pyridoxal phosphate, the reactivity of the enzyme
      towards low ferricyanide concentrations and its reconstitutive activity was
      significantly protected against aerobic inactivation.

PMID- 3707948
TI  - The kinetics of glucose transport in human red blood cells.
AB  - A quenched-flow apparatus and a newly developed automated syringe system have
      been used to measure initial rates of D-[14C]glucose transport into human red
      blood cells at temperatures ranging from 0 degrees to 53 degrees C. The Haldane
      relationship is found to be obeyed satisfactorily at both 0 and 20 degrees C, but
      Arrhenius plots of maximum D-[14C]glucose transport rates are non-linear under
      conditions of both equilibrium exchange and zero trans influx. Fitting of the
      data by non-linear regression to the conventional model for glucose transport
      gives values at 0 degrees C of 0.726 +/- 0.0498 s-1 and 12.1 +/- 0.98 s-1 for the
      rate constants governing outward and inward movements of the unloaded carrier
      molecule and 90.3 +/- 3.47 s-1 and 1113 +/- 494 s-1 for outward and inward
      movements of the carrier-glucose complex. Activation energies for these four rate
      constants are respectively 173 +/- 3.10, 127 +/- 4.78, 88.0 +/- 6.17 and 31.7 +/-
      5.11 kJ X mol-1. These parameters indicate that at low temperatures the marked
      asymmetry of the transport mechanism arises mainly from the high proportion of
      inward-facing carriers and carrier-glucose complexes, and that there is a
      relatively small difference between the affinities of the carrier for glucose in
      the inward and outward-facing conformations. At high (physiological) temperatures
      the carrier is fairly evenly distributed between outward- and inward-facing
      conformations and the affinity for glucose is about 2.5-times greater outside
      than inside.

PMID- 3707949
TI  - Highly permeant anions and glucose uptake as an alternative for quantitative
      generation and estimation of membrane potential differences in brush-border
      membrane vesicles.
AB  - We have analyzed the combined utilization of highly permeant anions to induce
      membrane diffusion potentials and glucose uptake to probe the created potentials
      as a new approach to quantitative generation and estimation of membrane potential
      differences in vesicle studies. Rabbit jejunal brush-border membrane vesicles
      were used in our experiments so that membrane potential differences can be
      calculated from the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation with the relative ion
      permeabilities recently reported for this preparation (Gunther, R.D., Schell,
      R.E. and Wright, E.M. (1984) J. Membrane Biol. 78, 119-127) or approximated by
      the Nernst potential for the anion. Iodide was selected as the highly permeant
      anion after showing its absence of effect on glucose uptake with equal
      concentrations of Na+ inside and outside the vesicles and the membrane potential
      clamped to zero with gramicidin D. Membrane potential was varied by altering the
      intra- and extravesicular iodide concentrations while keeping isosmolarity and
      isotonicity constant by chloride replacement. In these conditions, glucose uptake
      was sensitive and correlated to the expected membrane potentials. Moreover, a
      linear relationship between the log initial rate of glucose transport and
      membrane potential differences could be established. This linear relationship was
      quite insensitive to inside replacement of choline by potassium and to pH
      variations in the incubation medium, thus showing the reproducibility and the
      versatility of the method and the adequacy of glucose uptake as a probe for
      membrane potentials. However, no information can be gained on the stoichiometry
      of the Na+-glucose transporter as the slope of the straight line depends on both
      the charge carried by the fully loaded carrier and the point in the electric
      field at which the transition state of the carrier from cis to trans occurs. This
      new approach was compared with the more conventional one using valinomycin
      induced K+-diffusion potentials and the Nernst potential for potassium as means
      for creating and estimating membrane potential differences. Both techniques were
      not equivalent, as linear relationships showing smaller slopes and sensitivity to
      pH were recorded with the latter. These differences are compatible with a
      potassium permeability in the presence of valinomycin that is lower than
      generally assumed, at least when compared to the permeability of the other ions
      present in the incubation medium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3707950
TI  - Tyrosine transport into isolated rat brain synaptosomes. Ionic dependence and
      kinetic studies.
AB  - The ionic dependence and kinetics of the uptake of L-tyrosine into isolated rat
      brain synaptosomes has been investigated. L-Tyrosine has been found to enter the
      synaptosomes through three different transport systems showing distinct ionic
      requirements and kinetic characteristics. The one with the lowest affinity for
      tyrosine (Km 0.6 mM) showed a strong Na+ dependence. This system seems to provide
      the nerve cell with a safety mechanism that ensures the supply of tyrosine even
      in the presence of high levels of competing amino acids. The second one (Km 50
      microM) does not appear to exhibit any strong ionic requirements and features
      most of the characteristics of the L-system for large neutral amino acids.
      Finally, the third shows the most interesting ionic dependence. Its activity
      increases at very low Na+ external concentrations, but this increase is prevented
      by the removal of divalent cations, Ca2+ and Mg2+. This ionic behaviour, along
      with the affinity constant of this system (Km 6 microM) (within the range of
      tyrosine extraneural concentrations), suggests that it is an initial regulatory
      step in the synthesis of catecholamines.

PMID- 3707951
TI  - Solid- and liquid-phase equilibria in
      phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine mixtures. A calorimetric study.
AB  - Phase diagrams have been determined for mixing of binary mixtures of
      phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) with phosphatidylcholines (PC), using high
      sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry and allowing extensive incubation
      times to equilibrate samples in the solid phase. All of the PE-PC systems
      examined, which contained saturated or trans-unsaturated PC components, showed
      limited solid-phase miscibility, chiefly because the PC component can adopt more
      solid phases than the PE component. For the dielaidoyl PE-PC system, the lamellar
      to-hexagonal II transition endotherm seen at 63.5 degrees C for the pure PE is
      shifted to considerably higher temperatures upon incorporation of even low mole
      fractions of PC. All of the PE-PC systems examined here reveal a complete
      miscibility in the liquid phase, including the dipalmitoyl PE-dielaidoyl PC
      system for which limited liquid-phase miscibility had previously been suggested
      (Wu, S-H. and McConnell, H.M. (1975) Biochemistry 14, 847-854). However, PE-PC
      mixing appears to be less nearly ideal than the mixing of either PE or PC with
      anionic phospholipids. Our results demonstrate that calorimetry can be useful in
      determining accurate phase diagrams for lipid mixtures of this type, but only if
      proper attention is given to the existence and the proper equilibration of
      multiple solid phases in these systems.

PMID- 3707952
TI  - Spectrofluorimetric study of porphyrin incorporation into membrane models-
      evidence for pH effects.
AB  - The effects of hydrophobicity and charges of dicarboxylic porphyrins upon their
      interactions with membrane model systems are investigated. Four protonation steps
      are evidenced from fluorescence emission studies of hematoporphyrin IX and its
      more hydrophobic parent compound lacking of alcoholic chain, deuteroporphyrin IX.
      They are attributed to the successive protonations of the inner nitrogens of the
      porphyrin cycle (pK = 4.7 and 2.9 for hematoporphyrin and 4.4 and 2.7 for
      deuteroporphyrin) and successive deprotonations of propionic groups (pK
      approximately equal to 5.0 and 5.5 for hematoporphyrin and 5.4 and 6.0 for
      deuteroporphyrin). These porphyrins, as well as their dimethyl ester forms, are
      shown to incorporate as monomers into the hydrophobic bilayer of egg
      phosphatidylcholine small unilamellar vesicles, although the esterified forms are
      highly aggregated in aqueous solutions. In the case of the non-esterified forms,
      the incorporation of the porphyrins into the lipidic bilayer is reversible and
      strongly pH-dependent. A theoretical model is presented which takes into account
      the various protonation steps and the partition equilibria of the porphyrin
      between the vesicle lipidic phase and the water medium. The neutral form of the
      porphyrin (i.e., carboxylic groups protonated) presents the higher affinity, with
      constants of K approximately equal to 2 X 10(5) and K approximately equal to 6 X
      10(6) M-1 (relative to lipid concentration) for hematoporphyrin and
      deuteroporphyrin, respectively. Protonation of one inner nitrogen leading to the
      monocationic form is sufficient to prevent incorporation into the hydrophobic
      bilayer. On the other hand, deprotonation of the peripheral propionic chains
      leading to anionic forms is less effective. These interactions between vesicles
      and porphyrins lead to shifts of the apparent pK of nitrogens and carboxylic
      groups, the latter one being now in the range of physiological pH. These results
      are discussed with regards to the hypothesis of a possible role of pH in the
      preferential uptake of porphyrins by tumors.

PMID- 3707953
TI  - Charge effects on phospholipid monolayers in relation to cell motility.
AB  - It is shown that the interfacial free energy of adsorbed phospholipid layers is
      dependent on the interfacial inner potential difference and on the local pH at
      the surface. Gradients of potential and pH result in the onset of Marangoni
      hydrodynamic convective fluxes at the phase adjoining a phospholipid monolayer.
      It is proposed that the coupling between potential, pH and interfacial Gibbs
      energy can provide an elementary driving force for cell and organelle motility,
      phagocytosis and streaming effects. It is shown that the order of magnitude of
      the surface shear stress generated by surface tension gradients is sufficient to
      account for cytoplasmic streaming in cells.

PMID- 3707954
TI  - Phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol inhibit phosphatidate-mediated calcium
      traversal of liposomal bilayers.
AB  - Rates of phosphatidic acid- (PA-) mediated Ca2+-traversal are maximal in 'passive
      bilayers' void of lipid CO and OH groups: dietherphosphatidylcholine (diether-PC)
      or OH-blocked cholesterol liposomes. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) as bilayer matrix
      causes 99% inhibition, while 45 mol% cholesterol in passive bilayers inhibits by
      about 70%. Possibly, the absence of CO and OH groups causes a dehydration of the
      'hydrogen belts', i.e., the membrane strata occupied by hydrogen bond acceptors
      (CO of phospholipids) and donors (OH of cholesterol, sphingosine) and thereby
      facilitates the formation of dehydrated Ca(PA)2, the ionophoric vehicle; or (our
      preferred explanation) PC engages in a (non-ionophoric) Ca(PA X PC) complex and
      thus reduces the concentration of the ionophore, while cholesterol competes with
      Ca2+ for the CO groups of phosphatidic acid by hydrogen-bonding. The Ca2+
      traversal rates realized in bilayers with modified hydrogen belts lend support to
      the speculation that a Ca(PA)2 ferry may be of physiological importance, e.g., in
      membranes (such as myelin) containing much ether phospholipid (plasmalogen); and
      that Ca2+-membrane association and traversal may be controlled by the composition
      of the hydrogen belts.

PMID- 3707955
TI  - Fluorescence studies of the interaction of trichorzianine A IIIc with model
      membranes.
AB  - The biological activity and the chemical structure of the lipophilic peptides,
      trichorzianines, suggested that these substances could act on membrane
      permeability. The interaction of a major component of trichorzianines,
      trichorzianine A IIIc (TA IIIc), a 19-residue peptaibol containing tryptophanol
      as C-terminal amino-alcohol, with some synthetic phospholipid vesicles (egg
      phosphatidylcholine (egg PC), dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and sterol
      containing egg PC) was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. TA IIIc was found to
      bind to lipid vesicles either in liquid-crystalline or gel state. The
      accessibility to the aqueous phase of the embedded peptide was examined for
      various phospholipid compositions by fluorescence quenching experiments. We found
      that incorporation of TA IIIc in egg PC vesicles leads to reduced accessibility
      of the C-terminal tryptophanol to external quenchers, whereas when sterols are
      present in the bilayer, this accessibility is higher, consistent with a higher
      exposure of the chromophore to the aqueous phase. TA IIIc was shown to induce
      leakage of vesicular entrapped material. Incorporation of sterols in the bilayer
      seems to influence the position of the bound peptide within the bilayer but not
      its action on the membrane permeability.

PMID- 3707956
TI  - Inhibitory effects of gangliosides on immune reactions of antibodies to neutral
      glycolipids in liposomes.
AB  - Specific immune damage to liposomes containing Forssman or globoside glycolipid
      was inhibited when the liposomes also contained ganglioside. The activity of a
      human monoclonal Waldenstrom macroglobulin antibody to Forssman glycolipid was
      inhibited by each of three gangliosides tested, GM3, GD1a and GD1b. Inhibition of
      the monoclonal antibody was dependent on the amount of ganglioside in the
      liposomes, and was diminished by reducing the relative amount of ganglioside.
      Inhibition also correlated positively with the number of ganglioside sialic acid
      groups, with inhibition by GT1b greater than GD1a greater than GM3. Naturally
      occurring human antibodies to globoside glycolipid were detected in 18% (9 out of
      50) of normal human sera tested. Immune damage to liposomes induced by each of
      the three highest-reacting human anti-globoside sera was blocked by liposomal
      GM3. We conclude that gangliosides can strongly influence immune damage to
      membranes induced by antibody interactions with adjacent neutral glycolipids.

PMID- 3707957
TI  - The Ba2+ sensitivity of the Na+-induced Ca2+ efflux in heart mitochondria: the
      site of inhibitory action.
AB  - The Na+-induced Ca2+ release from rat heart mitochondria was measured in the
      presence of Ruthenium red. Ba2+ effectively inhibited the Na+-induced Ca2+
      release. At 10 mM Na+ 50% inhibition was reached by 1.51 +/- 0.48 (S.D., n = 8)
      microM Ba2+ in the presence of 0.1 mg/ml albumin and by 0.87 +/- 0.25 (S.D., n =
      3) microM Ba2+ without albumin. In order to inhibit, it was not required that
      Ba2+ ions enter the matrix. 140Ba2+ was not accumulated in the mitochondrial
      matrix space; further, in contrast to liver mitochondria, Ba2+ inhibition was
      immediate. The Na+-induced Ca2+ release was inhibited by Ba2+ non-competitively,
      with respect of the extramitochondrial Na+. The double inhibitor titration of the
      Na+-Ca2+ exchanger with Ba2+ in the presence and absence of extramitochondrial
      Ca2+ revealed that the exchanger possesses a common binding site for
      extramitochondrial Ca2+ and Ba2+, presumably the regulatory binding site of the
      Na+-Ca2+ exchanger, which was described by Hayat and Crompton (Biochem. J. 202
      (1982) 509-518). All these observations indicate that Ba2+ acts at the
      cytoplasmic surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane. The inhibitory
      properties of Ba2+ on the Na+-dependent Ca2+ release in heart mitochondria are
      basically different from those found on Na+-independent Ca2+ release in liver
      mitochondria (Lukacs, G.L. and Fonyo, A. (1985) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 809, 160
      166).

PMID- 3707958
TI  - Studies on the interaction of human erythrocyte band 3 with membrane lipids using
      deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance and differential scanning calorimetry.
AB  - Human erythrocyte band 3, reconstituted into large unilamellar phospholipid
      vesicles, has been used as a model system for studying the interactions between
      membrane lipids and large transmembrane glycoproteins. Both 2H-nuclear magnetic
      resonance (2H-NMR) and differential scanning calorimetric techniques have been
      used to probe dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine-band 3 interactions over the
      temperature range 4-32 degrees C. Analysis of 2H-NMR spectra allowed the
      assignment of liquid crystal, gel phase and two-phase regions for several
      protein/lipid mole fractions in the range (1-20) X 10(-4). Sample size was
      limited by the amount of available glycoprotein and this precluded exact
      determination of the phase boundaries for this system. The sharp discontinuity in
      the spectral first moment, M1, seen at the phase transition of the pure
      phospholipid is progressively diminished by addition of protein, and at the
      highest protein concentration the first moment varies smoothly between the two
      phases. For T greater than 26 degrees C or less than 16 degrees C, the moments
      are relatively insensitive to protein concentration, while between 20 and 26
      degrees C the moments increase with protein concentration up to the boundary of
      the two-phase region. Beyond this boundary, they remain constant or decrease
      slightly with increasing amount of protein. A preliminary phase diagram for band
      3 in this lipid system is presented, based on 2H-NMR data. Differential scanning
      calorimetry (DSC) showed that addition of glycoprotein dramatically alters the
      scan shape and tends to extend the coexistence of two phases to higher
      temperatures.

PMID- 3707959
TI  - Gentamicin inhibits Na+-dependent D-glucose transport in rabbit kidney brush
      border membrane vesicles.
AB  - We studied the effect of gentamicin on Na+-dependent D-glucose transport into
      brush-border membrane vesicles isolated from rabbit kidney outer cortex (early
      proximal tubule) and outer medulla (late proximal tubule) in vitro. We found the
      same osmotically active space and nonspecific binding between control and
      gentamicin-treated brush-border membrane vesicles. There was no difference in the
      passive permeability properties between control and gentamicin-treated brush
      border membrane vesicles. Kinetic analyses of D-glucose transport into 1 mM
      gentamicin-treated brush-border membrane vesicles demonstrated that gentamicin
      decreased Vmax in the outer cortical preparation, while it did not affect Vmax in
      the outer medullary preparation. With regard to Km, there was no effect of
      gentamicin in any vesicle preparation. When brush-border membrane vesicles were
      incubated with higher concentrations of gentamicin, Na+-dependent D-glucose
      transport was inhibited dose-dependently in both outer cortical and outer
      medullary preparations. Dixon plots yield inhibition constant Ki = 4 mM in the
      outer cortical preparation and Ki = 7 mM in the outer medullary preparation.
      These results indicate that the Na+-dependent D-glucose transport system in early
      proximal tubule is more vulnerable to gentamicin toxicity than that in late
      proximal tubule.

PMID- 3707960
TI  - Vesicles of variable sizes produced by a rapid extrusion procedure.
AB  - Previous studies from this laboratory have shown that large unilamellar vesicles
      can be efficiently produced by extrusion of multilamellar vesicles through
      polycarbonate filters with a pore size of 100 nm (Hope, M.J., Bally, M.B., Webb,
      G. and Cullis, P.R. (1985) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 812, 55-65). In this work it is
      shown that similar procedures can be employed for the production of homogeneously
      sized unilamellar or plurilamellar vesicles by utilizing filters with pore sizes
      ranging from 30 to 400 nm. The unilamellarity and trapping efficiencies of these
      vesicles can be significantly enhanced by freezing and thawing the multilamellar
      vesicles prior to extrusion. This procedure is particularly applicable when very
      high lipid concentrations (400 mg/ml) are used, where extrusion of the frozen and
      thawed multilamellar vesicles through 100 and 400 nm filters results in trapping
      efficiencies of 56 and 80%, respectively. Freeze-fracture electron microscopy
      revealed that vesicles produced at these lipid concentrations exhibit size
      distributions and extent of multilamellar character comparable to systems
      produced at lower lipid levels. These results indicate that the freeze-thaw and
      extrusion process is the technique of choice for the production of vesicles of
      variable sizes and high trapping efficiency.

PMID- 3707961
TI  - Differential effects of transmembrane potential on two Na+-dependent transport
      systems for neutral amino acids.
AB  - The effects of changes of membrane potential on amino acid transport through
      systems A, ASC and L was investigated in the Ehrlich cell and the human
      erythrocyte. Changes of membrane potential were produced by incubating cells
      whose K+ permeability had been increased, either by valinomycin or by activation
      of Ca2+-dependent K+ channels, in medium containing different K+ concentrations.
      The changes in membrane potential were followed by measuring the distribution
      ratio reached by lipophilic indicators. Transport through Na+-dependent system A
      was sensitive to the membrane potential, the rate of amino acid uptake increasing
      2.2-3.1-times for each 60 mV-hyperpolarization. The Na+-dependent system ASC was
      insensitive to membrane potential. The Na+-independent system L was not directly
      affected by membrane potential, but the steady-state accumulation of system L
      substrates was increased by hyperpolarization.

PMID- 3707962
TI  - Osmotic forces in artificially induced cell fusion.
AB  - The importance of cell swelling in the fusion of erythrocytes by three different
      chemical treatments has been investigated with cells that were cytoplasmically
      labelled with 6-carboxyfluorescein. Hen erythrocytes, which had been pre
      incubated with ionophore A23187 and 5 mM Ca2+ to cause a proteolytic breakdown of
      the membrane skeleton, were induced to fuse by applying an osmotic shock. Human
      erythrocytes that had been incubated in an isotonic salt/buffer solution, which
      was progressively diluted and which contained 0.5 mM La3+ to minimise cell lysis,
      were also fused. In addition, the fusion of human erythrocytes by 40%
      poly(ethylene glycol) began only when the poly(ethylene glycol) was diluted, and
      it mostly occurred when the diluted polymer solution was subsequently replaced by
      isotonic buffer. In related experiments, the effect of an osmotic gradient on
      electrically induced cell fusion has been studied. Human erythrocytes in 150 mM
      erythritol fused more readily than less swollen cells in 200-400 mM erythritol
      when subjected to a 20 microseconds pulse of 3.5 kV X cm-1, indicating that the
      extent of cell fusion induced by the breakdown pulse is governed by the combined
      electrical-compressive and osmotic forces. Since osmotic phenomena are already
      known to be important in exocytosis, we suggest that these observations on cell
      fusion indicate that osmotic forces may provide the driving force for many
      membrane fusion reactions in biological systems.

PMID- 3707964
TI  - Current-voltage characteristics of planar lipid membranes with attached
      Halobacterium cell-envelope vesicles.
AB  - We have studied the photoactivity of a system consisting of large, planar,
      essentially solvent free bilayers bearing adsorbed cell-envelope vesicles
      prepared from Halobacterium halobium (strain L 33). The system was made
      conductive by addition of a proton carrier (SF-6847). We observed photocurrents
      which were linearly dependent upon transmembrane voltage. Current-voltage curves
      were found to be well described by an equivalent circuit with the following
      significant parameters: planar bilayer conductance, planar bilayer-vesicle
      contact area conductance, cell-envelope vesicle conductance, and chloride pump
      equivalent voltage-generator potential. These parameters are uniquely obtained as
      a result of a few independent current measurements. The stationary photovoltage
      was dependent upon chloride concentration, and from this dependence an active
      transport (pump) affinity of the system for chloride was calculated to be about
      50 mM.

PMID- 3707963
TI  - Separation and reconstitution of sodium-dependent glucose transport activity from
      renal brush-border membranes using gel-filtration chromatography.
AB  - Pig kidney brush-border membrane vesicles were solubilized using a final
      concentration of 1% Triton X-100, found optimal for quantitative reconstitution
      of D-glucose transport into liposomes. Using reconstituted proteoliposomes,
      selective permeability towards D-glucose compared to other sugars tested was
      shown as well as the main features of D-glucose transport in native membranes,
      namely sodium dependence and phlorizin inhibition of D-glucose accumulation.
      After removal of Triton X-100 from the detergent extract, some membrane proteins
      (about 40%), which are insoluble in the absence of detergent, were isolated.
      Among these proteins resolubilized by 1% Triton X-100, the component catalyzing
      the D-glucose transport was located by gel-filtration chromatography separation,
      using reconstitution of transport as the assay. The active fraction displayed a
      molecular size of 50 A; when analyzed on SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,
      it contained one major protein subunit with an apparent molecular weight close to
      65,000. We conclude that this protein fraction is involved in D-glucose transport
      by renal brush borders.

PMID- 3707965
TI  - Helix-destabilization of deoxyribonucleic acid and poly[d(A-T).d(A-T)] by bovine
      seminal ribonuclease.
AB  - A ribonuclease isolated earlier from bovine seminal plasma by DNA-affinity
      chromatography (Ramakrishnamurti, T. and Pandit, M.W. (1983) J. Chromatogr. 260,
      216-222) has now been shown by thermal denaturation studies to destabilize the
      double-helical structure of DNA and poly[d(A-T).d(A-T)]. Thermal denaturation
      profiles of DNA in the presence of the protein are much more complicated due to
      the denaturation of protein itself in the temperature range over which DNA
      predominantly melts. The protein shows relatively stronger affinity towards
      denatured DNA as compared to native DNA. The action of micrococcal nuclease on
      DNA and its complexes with ribonuclease A and bovine seminal ribonuclease
      indicates that both of these proteins destabilize the double-helical structure of
      native DNA and thereby render the DNA more sensitive to the micrococcal nuclease.

PMID- 3707966
TI  - DNA modified by platinum derivatives cannot adopt the A-form.
AB  - DNA fragments from chicken erythrocytes were modified by cis
      diamminedichloroplatinum(II), its trans-isomer and
      chlorodiethylenetriaminoplatinum(II) chloride. The conformation of the modified
      DNA fragments in ethanolic solutions was studied by circular dichroism
      spectroscopy. Non-modified DNA adopted the A-form in 81% ethanol. The
      modification of DNA by the three platinum compounds inhibited the B to A
      transition of DNA induced by high concentrations of ethanol roughly to the same
      extent. The results support the view that the binding of the platinum complexes
      to B-DNA lowers the conformational freedom of DNA so that it cannot acquire the A
      conformation.

PMID- 3707967
TI  - Radioiodination of tyrosine residue(s) of ox testis and of wheat germ
      calmodulins.
AB  - Radioiodination of the two tyrosine residues (Tyr-99 and Tyr-138) of ox testis
      calmodulin was performed using several methods, and studied through the specific
      activity, and the [125I]iodoamino acid analysis of the radiolabeled calmodulins.
      Hydrolysis by thrombin of 125I-calmodulin labeled by the lactoperoxidase method
      and subsequent isolation of peptides TM1 and TM2 by gel electrophoresis showed
      preferential labeling by 125I of Tyr-99 (TM1) over Tyr-138 (TM2). Analysis of
      [125I]iodoamino acids of radiolabeled TM1, TM2 and calmodulin demonstrated that
      [125I]monoiodotyrosine was predominant, the remainder being [125I]diiodotyrosine.
      Radioiodination of wheat germ calmodulin, which contains a single tyrosine
      residue (Tyr-139), showed that only TM2 was labeled by 125I on the Tyr-139
      residue and also on the His-108 residue (radiolabeled monoiodotyrosine,
      diiodotyrosine and monoiodohistidine being present).

PMID- 3707968
TI  - Fluorescence energy transfer between nucleotide binding sites in an F-actin
      filament.
AB  - Fluorescence energy transfer between nucleotide binding sites in an F-actin
      filament was measured using 1-N6-ethenoadenosine diphosphate (epsilon-ADP) as a
      fluorescent donor and 2'(or 3')-O-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)adenosine 5'-diphosphate
      (TNP-ADP) as an acceptor, both of which were bound to F-actin. Taking into
      consideration the helical structure of the F-actin filament, the radial
      coordinate of the nucleotide binding site was calculated to be 25 A, which
      corresponds to a distance between these sites along the long-pitch helix of 56.3
      A and along the genetic helix of 56.7 A.

PMID- 3707969
TI  - Hb J-Antakya or alpha 2 beta (2)65(E9)Lys----Met in a Turkish family and Hb
      complutense or alpha 2 beta (2)127(H5)Gln----Glu in a Spanish family; correction
      of a previously published identification.
AB  - Almost 10 years ago we reported in this journal the characterization of Hb
      Hacettepe or alpha 2 beta (2)127(H5)Gln----Glu. Unfortunately, we have to
      conclude that the original characterization of this Turkish variant was in error.
      The corrected data are presented in this short communication. The variant (alpha
      2 beta (2)65(E9)Lys----Met) was (re)named Hb J-Antakya, after the city where the
      family resides. An abnormal Hb, observed in a Spanish family and named Hb
      Complutense, had the beta 127 Gln----Glu substitution, erroneously assigned to
      the Turkish variant.

PMID- 3707970
TI  - Evidence that H-enriched human placental ferritin is structurally similar to L
      enriched ferritins of other tissues.
AB  - Ferritin was purified from normal full-term placenta, and the native structure
      and subunit composition were characterized. Reversed-phase high-performance
      liquid chromatographic analysis of the placental ferritin subunits suggested the
      presence of three subunit types. Using acid urea gel electrophoresis and amino
      acid analysis, these subunits were tentatively identified as two H-type and one L
      type. The relative proportions of the subunit types were approx. 23% H-1, 33% H-2
      and 44% L. The native structure of placental ferritin as judged by circular
      dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy was quite similar to that of ferritin
      isolated from horse spleen, a source that is composed predominantly of L
      subunits. These results are consistent with a ferritin tetracosameric structure
      whose H and L subunits fit into 24 equivalent sites interchangeably because the
      secondary and tertiary structures of the two subunit types are very similar.

PMID- 3707971
TI  - The catalytic active site of thioredoxin: conformation and homology with bovine
      pancreatic trypsin inhibitor.
AB  - Rabbit polyclonal antibody was raised to a chemically synthesized nonapeptide
      (Trp-Ala-Glu-Trp-Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys-Lys) corresponding to the active-site sequence
      of Escherichia coli thioredoxin. The antiserum efficiently inhibited thioredoxin
      activity in the standard thioredoxin reductase/NADPH coupled assay. This
      inhibition was blocked by preincubation of the antiserum with the nonapeptide.
      Tight association of the E. coli thioredoxin to the active-site antibody required
      SDS denaturation. These results suggest that thioredoxin reductase (NADPH:
      oxidized-thioredoxin oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.4.5) alters the conformation of
      thioredoxin sufficiently to permit binding to the antibody. The antiserum bound
      to plant and liver thioredoxins. Bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor, whose
      active site (Gly-Pro-Cys-Lys) is homologous to that of thioredoxin, also competes
      for the active-site antibody. This result led to experiments showing that
      thioredoxin can inhibit the digestion of cytochrome c by trypsin. The ability of
      thioredoxin to act as a trypsin inhibitor analogue provides a rationale for
      thioredoxin's resistance to digestion by trypsin.

PMID- 3707972
TI  - On the identity of the dissociation-linked chloride binding sites in human
      hemoglobin. Studies with hemoglobin modified with 4-isothiocyanatobenzenesulfonic
      acid and 4-isothiocyanatobenzenesulfonamide.
AB  - The binding of chloride ions to specific sites on the human hemoglobin molecule
      has well-known effects on the oxygen equilibrium and on the stability of the
      tetrameric structure. Several lines of evidence suggest that the oxygen-linked
      and the dissociation-linked chloride binding sites differ. Direct evidence for
      this difference has been obtained from the chloride dependence of the dimer
      tetramer equilibrium of oxyhemoglobin modified with 4
      isothiocyanatobenzenesulfonic acid, in which all the oxygen-linked chloride
      binding sites are blocked, or with 4-isothiocyanatobenzenesulfonamide, in which
      the linkage between chloride and oxygen is unperturbed. Thus, the chloride
      dependence of the dimer-tetramer assembly is unaffected by the chemical
      modification in both proteins and resembles that of unreacted hemoglobin. It is
      suggested that histidines alpha-103, alpha-122 and beta-97 may constitute, at
      least in part, the dissociation-linked chloride binding sites.

PMID- 3707973
TI  - Characterization of lens crystallins and their mRNA from the carp lenses.
AB  - Crystallins from carp eye lenses have been isolated and characterized by gel
      permeation chromatography, SDS-gel electrophoresis, immunodiffusion and amino
      acid analysis. gamma-Crystallin is the most abundant class of crystallins and
      constitutes over 55% of the total lens cytoplasmic proteins. It is
      immunologically distinct from the alpha- and beta-crystallins isolated from the
      same lens and its antiserum shows a very weak cross-reaction to total pig lens
      antigens. Comparison of the amino acid compositions of carp gamma-crystallin with
      those of bovine gamma-II, haddock gamma- and squid crystallins indicates that
      gamma-crystallin from the carp is very closely related to that of the haddock,
      and probably also related to the invertebrate squid crystallin. In vitro
      translation of total mRNAs isolated from carp lenses confirms the predominant
      existence of gamma-crystallin. The genomic characterization of carp crystallin
      genes should provide some insight into the mechanism of crystallin evolution in
      general.

PMID- 3707974
TI  - Metabolism of platelet activating factor (1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3
      phosphocholine) and 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol by human endothelial cells.
AB  - The metabolism of platelet activating factor (1-[1,2-3H]alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero
      3-phosphocholine) and 1-[1,2-3H]alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol was studied in
      cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Human endothelial cells
      deacetylated 1-[1,2-3H]alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine to the
      corresponding lyso compound (1-[1,2-3H]alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine)
      and a portion was converted to 1-[1,2-3H]alkyl-2-acyl(long-chain)-sn-glycero-3
      phosphocholine. Lyso platelet activating factor (lyso-PAF) (1-[1,2-3H]alkyl-2
      lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) was detected in the media very early during the
      incubation and the amount remained higher than the level of the lyso product
      observed in the cells. Cellular levels of 1-[1,2-3H]alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3
      phosphocholine were significantly higher than the acylated product (1-[1,2
      3H]alkyl-2-acyl(long-chain)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) at all times during the
      60-min incubation period, which suggests that the ratio of acetylhydrolase to
      acyltransferase activities is greater in endothelial cells than in most other
      cells. When endothelial cells were incubated with 1-[1,2-3H]alkyl-2-acetyl-sn
      glycerol, a known precursor of PAF, 1-[1,2-3H]alkyl-sn-glycerol was the major
      metabolite formed (greater than 95% of the 3H-labeled metabolites during 20- and
      40-min incubations). At least a portion of the acetate was removed from 1-[1,2
      3H]alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol by a hydrolytic factor released from the
      endothelial cells into the medium during the incubations. Only negligible amounts
      of the total cellular radioactivity (0.2%) was incorporated into platelet
      activating factor (1-[1,2-3H]alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine);
      therefore, it is unlikely that the previously observed hypotensive activity of 1
      alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerols can be explained on the basis of the conversion to
      platelet activating factor (1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) by
      endothelial cells. Results of this investigation indicate that endothelial cells
      play an important role in PAF catabolism. Undoubtedly, the endothelium is
      important in the regulation of PAF levels in the vascular system.

PMID- 3707975
TI  - Rapid accumulation of diacyl lipid in rat liver microsomes by selective acylation
      of 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylserine.
AB  - 2-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoryl[U-14 C]serine (2-acylGPS) was prepared by
      digesting 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoryl[U-14C]serine, mixed with pig brain
      phosphatidylserine (PS), with Rhizopus arrhizus lipase. The labeled lysolipid was
      shown to be actively acylated by rat liver microsomes in the presence of acyl-CoA
      thioesters, with the formation of diacylPS. In experiments with unlabeled
      lysolipid and [14C]acyl-CoA thioesters, digestion of the products with pancreatic
      phospholipase A2 showed that the acyl groups had been incorporated almost
      exclusively at position-1. The acylation reactions were dependent on pH of the
      incubation medium, time of incubation, concentration of microsomal protein and of
      lysolipid and thioester substrates. With [14C]lysolipid there was a clear
      preference for long-chain saturated over unsaturated acyl group donors and
      highest acylation rates were recorded with stearoyl-CoA. Since stearate is the
      major fatty acid at position-1 of tissue PS, these findings suggest that
      deacylation-reacylation reactions may be of importance in regulating the fatty
      acid profile of this lipid. The observed rates of acylation of 2-acylGPS in vitro
      were high in relation to the endogenous level of PS in the microsomal membranes,
      and short-term incubations led to net synthesis of PS with a many-fold increase
      in its concentration. The question is raised whether this is a latent activity
      expressed under optimal assay conditions in vitro, conditions that may not obtain
      in a cell, or whether the high acylating potential is indicative of an important
      function for the addition, or turnover, of acyl groups at position-1 of the
      serine lipid.

PMID- 3707976
TI  - Characterization of rat adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase using a monospecific
      antibody.
AB  - An antibody to a highly pure enzyme preparation was developed to facilitate
      detailed studies of rat adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase regulation. Lipoprotein
      lipase was purified by heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography followed by
      preparative isoelectric focusing. The enzyme migrated as a single broad band on
      SDS disc gel and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis with an apparent molecular
      mass of 67 000 and 62 000 Da, respectively. The amino acid composition of the
      purified rat enzyme was virtually identical to that of bovine milk. A major
      protein component with no lipase activity co-eluted with the enzyme from the
      affinity column, but was separated by the isoelectric focusing step. The
      molecular mass was slightly lower (58 000 Da) but the amino acid composition of
      this protein was similar to that of the enzyme. An antibody raised against the
      purified rat enzyme was highly potent and was effective in inhibiting rat heart
      lipoprotein lipase, but not the salt-resistant hepatic lipase. Analysis of crude
      acetone-ether adipose tissue preparation on SDS slab polyacrylamide gel coupled
      to Western blotting revealed five protein bands = (62 000, 56 000, 41 700, 22
      500, 20 000 Da). Similarly, following affinity purification by immunoadsorption,
      the purified antibody reacted with five equivalent protein bands. Fluorescent
      concanavalin A binding data indicated that the 56 kDa band is a glycosylated form
      of lipoprotein lipase. Pretreatment of adipose tissue with proteinase inhibitors
      revealed that the lower molecular mass proteins (41 700 and 20 000 Da) were
      degradation products of lipoprotein lipase, and the 22 500 Da band could be
      accounted for by non-specific binding.

PMID- 3707977
TI  - Quantification of LDL cholesteryl ester contribution to biliary steroids in the
      rat.
AB  - The proportion of LDL cholesteryl ester converted to biliary steroids was
      quantified in the rat. The pre-existing pool of bile was allowed to drain for 10
      12 h through a bile duct cannula. A single intravenous pulse injection of LDL
      labelled with [3H]cholesterol linoleyl ester was made, followed by a constant
      infusion of the same material in order to maintain constant specific
      radioactivity in plasma. A new steady state was achieved within 6 h and bile
      samples were then collected hourly until 12 h. Although substantial amounts (53
      61 micrograms/h) of cholesteryl ester were released into the liver during LDL
      catabolism, only a very small fraction (0.8-1.90 micrograms/h) was found in
      biliary steroids. The proportion of LDL cholesteryl esters contributing to
      biliary steroids was only 1-2%. These results perhaps explain why perturbations
      to accelerate bile acid excretion have no effect on plasma LDL cholesterol
      concentration in the rat.

PMID- 3707978
TI  - Conformational studies of lipoprotein B and apolipoprotein B: effects of
      disulfide reducing agents, sulfhydryl blocking agent, denaturing agents, pH and
      storage.
AB  - The purposes of this study were to establish the role of disulfide linkages in
      the secondary structure of apolipoprotein B, to investigate the effects of
      sulfhydryl blocking agents, denaturing agents, pH and storage on the conformation
      of apolipoprotein B and lipoprotein B, and to compare the conformation of water
      soluble apolipoprotein B in the presence and absence of its lipids by using
      circular dichroism. Fresh lipoprotein B examined in Tris/EDTA at pH 9.0, 7.3 and
      2.7 exhibited alpha-helical content of 24.4, 26.7 and 26.9%, and beta-pleated
      sheet 25.1, 15.4 and 18.0%, respectively. The carboxymethylated (CM-) lipoprotein
      B had similar alpha-helical contents, and lower contents of beta-sheets. Storage
      of lipoprotein B resulted in marked change of beta-sheets and gradual decrease in
      alpha-helical structure, in spite of the preventive measures taken for lipid
      peroxidation and proteolytic degradation. Exposure of apolipoprotein B to 6 M
      guanidine X HCl led to a complete disappearance of the alpha-helix with an
      increase in the beta-sheets to 35-40%, irrespective of the use of disulfide
      reducing agents. By substituting 6 M urea for guanidine X HCl, the alpha-helical
      contents for both CM- and reduced CM-apolipoprotein B increased up to 7-9% with a
      concomitant decrease in beta-structure. When urea was replaced with aqueous
      buffers, these apolipoprotein B preparations regained their alpha-helical
      contents (25-27%) to the full extent originally present in the parent lipoprotein
      samples. No difference was observed between the secondary structure of CM- and
      reduced CM-apolipoprotein B. Furthermore, the conformation of apolipoprotein B
      did not vary with pH when pH was changed from 2.7 to 9.0. These results suggest
      that (1) the conformation of apolipoprotein B is more stable with respect to pH
      in the absence of lipids than in their presence, (2) intramolecular disulfide
      linkages play an insignificant role in the conformation of apolipoprotein B, and
      (3) the changes in alpha-helix structure of lipoprotein B or CM-lipoprotein B due
      to delipidization and denaturation are reversible.

PMID- 3707979
TI  - Linoleate content of epidermal acylglucosylceramide in newborn, growing and
      mature mice.
AB  - Epidermis was collected from newborn, growing and adult mice.
      Acylglucosylceramide, a structurally unique O-acylsphingolipid, was isolated from
      each sample, and the ester-linked fatty acids were analyzed by capillary column
      gas-liquid chromatography. The esterified acids of acylglucosylceramide from
      newborn mice contained 12% linoleate. The linoleate content of the
      acylsphingolipid increased rapidly, doubling within 4 days and reaching an adult
      level of 45% within 2 months. The increase in the linoleate content of the
      epidermal lipid was accompanied by decreases in 16-carbon monoenoic fatty acids
      and saturated fatty acids ranging from 14 up to and including 24 carbons in
      length. These results indicate several potential problems for experimentation
      involving neonatal skin. Also, the possibility that neonatal mouse epidermis may
      provide a useful model system for studies on the relationship between linoleic
      acid and epidermal cell proliferation is also raised.

PMID- 3707980
TI  - Secretion of lipoprotein lipid and synthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol and
      triacylglycerol by hepatocytes of fasted-refed rats.
AB  - Synthetic rates of fatty acid, cholesterol and triacylglycerols, and contents and
      secretion of lipoprotein lipids, were determined in hepatocytes of rats fed ad
      libitum a fat-containing stock diet or of rats fasted for 48 h and then refed for
      24 or 48 h with stock diet or with a glucose-rich fat-free diet. When compared
      with the values for the ad libitum-fed rats, fatty acid synthesis was lower in
      fasted rats, slightly increased in rats refed with the stock diet, but several
      fold elevated after refeeding the glucose-rich fat-free diet. Cholesterol
      synthesis was decreased in the fasted cells, and restored to the control level
      upon refeeding either diet. Triacylglycerol synthesis from exogenous oleate was
      greatly stimulated in the cells of fasted-refed rats above the rate in cells of
      the ad libitum-fed rats, the increase being considerably higher after refeeding
      the glucose-rich fat-free diet than the stock diet. The amount of triacylglycerol
      secreted by the cells was also elevated by the fasting-refeeding treatment, but
      the difference between the two diets was much less pronounced than seen for the
      lipids' synthetic rates. This imbalance may underlie the huge accumulation of
      this lipid observed in the heptatocytes after refeeding the rats for 48 h with
      the glucose-rich fat-free diet.

PMID- 3707981
TI  - Prenyltransferase and squalene synthetase in livers of neonate rats.
AB  - The liver of the newly born rat has approximately the same capacity for
      cholesterol biosynthesis as that of the adult animal. However, during nursing,
      the ability to synthesize cholesterol diminishes markedly during the early
      neonate period and by the end of the second week has essentially vanished. The
      level of the regulatory enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis, 3-hydroxy-3
      methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, closely follows this pattern (Hahn, P. and Walker,
      B. (1979) Can. J. Biochem. 57, 1216-1219). In contrast, we have found that two
      other enzymes of cholesterol biosynthesis, prenyltransferase and squalene
      synthetase, undergo changes in activity that provide three maxima - one on birth,
      one during midnursing, and one on weaning. Possible explanations for this pattern
      are presented.

PMID- 3707982
TI  - In vitro studies on the oxidation of medium-chain dicarboxylic acids in rat
      liver.
AB  - The degradation of medium-chained dicarboxylic (DC) acids was investigated on
      purified mitochondria and peroxisomes. Intact organelles were incubated with
      dodecanedioic acid (DC12), suberic acid (DC8) and adipic acid (DC6), and the
      production of lower-chained DC-acids and of acetyl-CoA + acetyl-carnitine was
      monitored. It was shown, that intact peroxisomes could beta-oxidize DC12, DC10,
      and DC8 at least as far as DC6, while intact mitochondria readily beta-oxidized
      DC12, and DC10 as far as succinic acid. DC8 and DC6 were not oxidized by intact
      mitochondria when these two acids were presented externally to the intact
      organelle. When they were formed intramitochondrially from DC12 and DC10, both
      DC8 and DC6 were, however, to a great extent beta-oxidized as far as succinic
      acid. The major reason for this difference between mitochondrial oxidation of
      externally and internally located DC8 and DC6 seems to be an inability to
      transport these two acids through the mitochondrial membrane. For DC12 and DC10,
      the mitochondrial transport systems, which were indicated to be identical to the
      systems used by the corresponding monocarboxylic acids, were found to be rate
      limiting in the beta-oxidation of these acids. A contributing factor to the
      undetectable beta-oxidation of externally located DC8 and DC6 may also be, that
      the Km values of DC8-CoA (460 +/- 70 mumol/l) and DC6-CoA (980 +/- 90 mumol/l)
      towards the acyl-CoA dehydrogenases are very high. These results imply that very
      high concentrations of intermediates are created intramitochondrially during beta
      oxidation, concentrations which are probably only formed through formation of DC8
      CoA and DC6-CoA from longer DC-acids and not by transport from outside the
      mitochondria. The data presented thus for the first time give evidence to a
      pathway for medium-chained monocarboxylic acids (especially lauric acid and
      decanoic acid) through cytosolic omega-oxidation followed by activation,
      transport over the mitochondrial membrane and beta-oxidation to succinic acid.

PMID- 3707984
TI  - Carnitine palmitoyltransferase: activation and inactivation in liver mitochondria
      from fed, fasted, hypo- and hyperthyroid rats.
AB  - The sensitivity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase to malonyl-CoA is lost when
      liver mitochondria are preincubated in a KCl-containing medium. This loss of
      sensitivity is slowed down in mitochondria from hypothyroid rats and accelerated
      in mitochondria from fasted and hyperthyroid rats. Glucagon seems to enhance the
      effect of fasting. The loss of sensitivity is significantly slowed down by 50-500
      nM malonyl-CoA and accelerated by small amounts of palmitoyl-CoA in the
      preincubation medium.

PMID- 3707983
TI  - Effect of phosphatidylcholine and free fatty acids on the activity of pancreatic
      lipase-colipase.
AB  - Mixed micelles of bile salt and phospholipids inhibit the lipase-colipase
      catalysed hydrolysis of triacylglycerols. Free fatty acids can reverse this
      inhibition and reactivate lipase-colipase. This reactivation is either due to the
      formation of a high-affinity complex between lipase and colipase induced by free
      fatty acids and/or to a change of the quality of the interface. Lauric acid,
      oleic acid and linoleic acid are the most potent reactivators, while short-chain
      free fatty acids have no effect and long-chain, saturated free fatty acids
      inhibit the lipase-colipase activity further. The physiological relevance of
      these results is evident as the glyceride emulsion reaching the duodenum already
      contains free fatty acids due to the activity of lingual lipase in the stomach.

PMID- 3707985
TI  - Lipoproteins and liposomes as in vivo cholesterol vehicles in the rat:
      preferential use of cholesterol carried by small unilamellar liposomes for the
      formation of muricholic acids.
AB  - Hepatic cholesterol metabolism was studied in rats with a permanent biliary
      drainage. Three cholesterol vehicles were used to discriminate between metabolic
      pathways of cholesterol in the liver. [3H]Cholesterol was administered
      intravenously associated with rat serum lipoproteins, multilamellar (MLV) or
      small unilamellar (SUV) liposomes. The liposomes were made from cholesterol,
      sphingomyelin and phosphatidylserine in a 5:4:1 molar ratio. Initial blood
      elimination differed markedly for the three vehicles: 15 min after injection the
      3H radioactivity content of blood for MLV, SUV and lipoprotein was 3, 50 and 54%
      of the injected dose, respectively. After about 30 min, MLV-cholesterol label
      started to reappear in the blood, probably after processing of the vehicle by the
      Kupffer cells. For all vehicles about 80% of the cholesterol label had been
      excreted in bile after 120 h, predominantly as bile acids. Initial biliary
      excretion was highest for lipoproteins (5.7% at 1 h), followed by MLV and SUV
      (1.3 and 1.2%, respectively). No differences in the radioactivity of excreted
      bile acids were detectable between the three vehicles at 12 h after injection.
      However, at 1 h the radioactivity in the muricholic acid fraction was markedly
      increased, as compared to the other bile acids after injection of SUV
      cholesterol, but not after injection of MLV- or lipoprotein-cholesterol. Also,
      the glycine/taurine conjugation ratio of bile acids was increased for SUV
      cholesterol at 1 h as compared to that for the other two vehicles. Since SUV
      appear to donate their cholesterol to a pool which preferentially supplies
      cholesterol for muricholic acid synthesis, we conclude that more than one
      cholesterol pool exists in the hepatocytes from which cholesterol can be
      recruited for bile acid synthesis. Zonal heterogeneity might be responsible for
      the observed differences.

PMID- 3707986
TI  - Identification of a calcium-independent phospholipase A2 in rat lung cytosol and
      differentiation from acetylhydrolase for 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3
      phosphocholine (PAF-acether).
AB  - The 100 000 X g supernatant of total rat lung homogenate was found to contain at
      least three phospholipase A2-type activities. Gel filtration separated a low
      molecular weight and Ca2+-requiring phospholipase A2 from Ca2+-independent
      acylhydrolase peak with an apparent higher molecular weight. Upon DEAE-cellulose
      chromatography this fraction was separated into a Ca2+-independent acylhydrolase
      and a Ca2+-independent platelet-activating factor-acetylhydrolase with no
      apparent overlap in acyl chain length specificity. The long-chain acylhydrolase
      was shown to exhibit specificity for the ester bond at the sn-2-position. Ca2+
      independent phospholipase A2 activity was inhibited by p-bromophenacylbromide and
      was resistant to diisopropylfluorophosphate. In contrast, the Ca2+-independent
      acetylhydrolase activity was inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate but was
      unaffected by p-bromophenacylbromide.

PMID- 3707987
TI  - Phospholipid metabolism in bile duct-ligated rat plasma and erythrocytes.
AB  - Incorporation of [32P]orthophosphate into phosphatidylcholine,
      lysophosphatidylcholine and molecular species of phosphatidylcholine in vivo was
      observed in liver, plasma and erythrocytes of bile duct-ligated or sham-operated
      rats. Both the amount and radioactivity of dienoic species of phosphatidylcholine
      in all tissues examined increased in bile duct-ligated rats as compared to sham
      operated rats. The experiments in vivo and in vitro showed that the ratio of
      lysophosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylcholine transferred to erythrocytes from
      plasma in sham-operated rats was much higher than that in bile duct-ligated rats.
      It is suggested that one of the mechanisms by which abnormal erythrocytes appear
      might be explained by the facilitated and direct transfer of phosphatidylcholine,
      which is caused by the interaction of erythrocytes with bile acid in bile duct
      ligated rat plasma.

PMID- 3707988
TI  - Vitamin E inhibits platelet phospholipase A2.
AB  - One of the most important functions of phospholipase A2 is the release of
      arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids for the synthesis of biologically
      active eicosanoids. We have demonstrated in our laboratory that vitamin E
      inhibits platelet phospholipase A2 in a dose-dependent manner. Rats fed a 100 ppm
      or a 1000 ppm vitamin E diet exhibit diminished phospholipase A2 activity
      compared to those fed a vitamin E-free diet. Addition of vitamin E to a sonicated
      platelet suspension resulted in further suppression of the phospholipase A2
      activity in all groups of rats. In order to gain insight into the mechanism of
      vitamin E inhibition of platelet phospholipase A2, we partially purified this
      enzyme by gel filtration chromatography. Enzyme activity was localized in the
      soluble supernatant fraction of a high-speed spin. This partially purified rat
      platelet phospholipase A2 had an absolute requirement for Ca2+ and was inhibited
      by various forms of tocopherol. Tocol inhibited the enzyme to a greater extent
      than either D- or DL-alpha-tocopherol, while there was little or no effect from
      DL-alpha-tocopherol acetate. These results emphasize the importance of the
      hydroxyl moiety on the chromanol of the vitamin E molecule for its inhibitory
      action, compared to that of the methyl groups which are absent in tocol. This
      inhibitory action of vitamin E on platelet phospholipase A2 suggests a crucial
      function for vitamin E in regulating arachidonate release from the membrane
      phospholipids and its subsequent metabolism.

PMID- 3707990
TI  - Synthesis and biliary excretion of tyrosine-conjugated bile salts in Wistar rats.
AB  - Tyrosine-labelled free and glycine-conjugated bile acids were synthesized and
      radiolabelled with 125I to high purity. The synthetic method utilized excess
      tyrosine methyl ester hydrochloride (1.4 equiv.) and bile acid (one equiv.) via
      dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (1.4 equiv.) with yields of 90-93% for tyrosine bile
      acid conjugates and glycyltyrosine conjugates and 56-60% yields for the
      glycylglycyltyrosine conjugates. All of the eight iodinated tyrosine bile acids
      tested were rapidly excreted into bile following intravenous injection. In bile
      duct-cannulated rats with ligated renal pedicles under pentobarbital anaesthesia
      the percentages of injected dose recovered from bile within 20 min were as
      follows: cholylglycine ([14C]cholylGly), 81.2 +/- 1.3%; taurocholate
      ([14C]taurocholate), 94.3 +/- 1.0%; cholyltyrosine (125I-cholylTyr), 85.5 +/-
      3.3%; deoxycholyltyrosine (125I-deoxycholylTyr), 87.9 +/- 6.3%;
      chenodeoxycholyltyrosine (125I-chenodeoxycholylTyr), 93.4 +/- 2.9;
      cholylglycyltyrosine (125I-cholylGlyTyr), 95.7 +/- 6.7%;
      deoxycholylglycyltyrosine (125I-deoxylcholylGlyTyr), 92.5 +/- 3.2%;
      chenodeoxycholylglycyltyrosine (125I-chenodeoxycholylGlyTyr), 94.1 +/- 3.1%;
      cholyldiglycyltyrosine (125I-cholylGlyGlyTyr), 85.2 +/- 3.6%, and
      deoxycholyldiglycyltyrosine (125I-deoxycholylGlyGlyTyr), 85.5 +/- 2.7%. Values
      are means +/- SD. Thus the biliary excretion of 125I-chenodeoxycholylGlyTyr, 125I
      chenodeoxycholylTyr, 125I-deoxycholylGlyTyr and 125I-cholylGlyTyr was similar to
      that of [14C]taurocholate, the major naturally occurring bile acid in the rat,
      and the biliary excretion of all the tyrosine conjugates was similar to or
      exceeded that of [14C]cholylglycine. Conjugation with tyrosine enhanced the
      efficiency of plasma-to-bile transport of most naturally occurring bile acids.
      Comparison of glycyltyrosine conjugates with glycylglycyltyrosine conjugates
      suggests that any additional benefit derived by elongation of the side-chain is
      probably negated by obscuring the 12 alpha-hydroxyl function on the steroid
      nucleus in the bile acid glycylglycyltyrosine conjugates.

PMID- 3707991
TI  - The effect of tyrosine conjugation on the critical micellar concentration of free
      and glycine-conjugated bile salts.
AB  - We investigated the effect of conjugation with the aromatic amino acid tyrosine
      on the critical micellar concentration (CMC) of bile salts. The CMC values were
      determined by surface tension and by dye solubilization. The surface tension
      measurement employed the Du Nouy ring detachment method and the dye
      solubilization measurement utilized a water-insoluble dye, 1-O-tolylazo-2
      naphthol. We compared the CMC values of the sodium salts of cholyltyrosine
      (cholylTyr), deoxycholyltyrosine (deoxycholylTyr), deoxycholylglycyltyrosine
      (deoxycholylGlyTyr) chenodeoxycholyltyrosine (chenodeoxycholylTyr),
      chenodeoxycholylglycyltyrosine (chenodeoxycholylGlyTyr), cholyldiglycyltyrosine
      (cholylGlyGlyTyr) and cholylglycyltyrosine (cholylGlyTyr) with their respective
      glycine conjugated bile salts. Both techniques of CMC determination indicated
      that tyrosine conjugation to free and glycine-conjugated bile salts reduced their
      CMC significantly.

PMID- 3707989
TI  - Metabolism of low-density lipoproteins by cultured hepatocytes from normal and
      homozygous familial hypercholesterolemic subjects.
AB  - The profoundly elevated concentrations of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) present
      in homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia lead to symptomatic cardiovascular
      disease and death by early adulthood. Studies conducted in nonhepatic tissues
      demonstrated defective cellular recognition and metabolism of LDL in these
      patients. Since mammalian liver removes at least half of the LDL in the
      circulation, the metabolism of LDL by cultured hepatocytes isolated from familial
      hypercholesterolemic homozygotes was compared to hepatocytes from normal
      individuals. Fibroblast studies demonstrated that the familial
      hypercholesterolemic subjects studied were LDL receptor-negative (less than 1%
      normal receptor activity) and LDL receptor-defective (18% normal receptor
      activity). Cholesterol-depleted hepatocytes from normal subjects bound and
      internalized 125I-labeled LDL (Bmax = 2.2 micrograms LDL/mg cell protein).
      Preincubation of normal hepatocytes with 200 micrograms/ml LDL reduced binding
      and internalization by approx. 40%. In contrast, 125I-labeled LDL binding and
      internalization by receptor-negative familial hypercholesterolemic hepatocytes
      was unaffected by cholesterol loading and considerably lower than normal. This
      residual LDL uptake could not be ascribed to fluid phase endocytosis as
      determined by [14C]sucrose uptake. The residual LDL binding by familial
      hypercholesterolemia hepatocytes led to a small increase in hepatocyte
      cholesterol content which was relatively ineffective in reducing hepatocyte 3
      hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity. Receptor-defective familial
      hypercholesterolemia hepatocytes retained some degree of regulatable 125I-labeled
      LDL uptake, but LDL uptake did not lead to normal hepatocyte cholesterol content
      or 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity. These combined results
      indicate that the LDL receptor abnormality present in familial
      hypercholesterolemia fibroblasts reflects deranged hepatocyte LDL recognition and
      metabolism. In addition, a low-affinity, nonsaturable uptake process for LDL is
      present in human liver which does not efficiently modulate hepatocyte cholesterol
      content or synthesis.

PMID- 3707992
TI  - Effects of thyroid state and fasting on the concentrations of CoA and malonyl-CoA
      in rat liver.
AB  - Liver CoA is markedly higher in hyperthyroid rats as compared to hypothyroid
      rats, and in fasted rats as compared to fed rats. In hyperthyroid rats the CoA is
      increased mainly in the cytosol, while in fasted rats the increase is mainly in
      the mitochondria. Malonyl-CoA is markedly higher in hypothyroid rats than in
      euthyroid and hyperthyroid rats. With fasting, malonyl-CoA drops 80-85% in all
      thyroid states. These findings are discussed in relation to the regulation of
      fatty acid oxidation in the liver.

PMID- 3707993
TI  - Gelation and fodrin purification from rat brain extracts.
AB  - Extracts from rat brain tissue have been shown to give rise to a gel which
      exhibits the following features. It is mainly enriched in actin and in a high
      molecular-weight protein with polypeptide chains of 235 and 240 kDa, which we
      identified as fodrin. Tubulin is also a major component of the gel but it appears
      to be trapped non-specifically during the gelation process. Gelation is pH-,
      ionic strength- and Ca2+-concentration-dependent, and is optimal under the
      conditions which promote the interaction between polymerized actin and fodrin. In
      a similar way to that described for the purification of rat brain actin
      (Levilliers, N., Peron-Renner, M., Coffe, G. and Pudles, J. (1984) Biochimie 66,
      531-537), we used the gelation system as a selective means of recovering fodrin
      from the mixture of a low-ionic-strength extract from whole rat brain and a high
      ionic-strength extract of the particulate fraction. From this gel, fodrin was
      purified with a good yield by a simple procedure involving gel dissociation in
      0.5 M KCl and depolymerization in 0.7 M KI, Bio-Gel A-15m chromatography,
      followed by ammonium sulfate precipitation.

PMID- 3707994
TI  - Blood carnitine concentrations are increased after surgical stress.
AB  - Elevated plasma carnitine concentrations are demonstrated in surgically stressed
      and partially hepatectomized rats. The response to surgical stress was observed
      only when the rats were fed, suggesting that exogenous sources of carnitine may
      be required for maintaining tissue carnitine concentrations during stress. The
      results are discussed with respect to the changes in fatty acid metabolism which
      are associated with these conditions.

PMID- 3707995
TI  - Extrafibrillar proteoglycans osmotically regulate the molecular packing of
      collagen in cartilage.
AB  - The molecular packing density of collagen and hence the intrafibrillar water
      content appears to be regulated in cartilage by the osmotic pressure gradient
      existing between the extrafibrillar and the intrafibrillar compartments.

PMID- 3707996
TI  - Effect of the free radical-generating herbicide paraquat on the expression of the
      superoxide dismutase (Sod) genes in maize.
AB  - 10-day-old maize leaves were treated with the oxygen free radical-generating
      herbicide paraquat for 12 h. Paraquat treatments (10(-5) M) resulted in a 40%
      increase in superoxide dismutase activity and a smaller increase in catalase
      activity. The increase in total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity correlates
      with higher levels of specific isozymes. The chloroplast (SOD-1) and cytosolic
      (SOD-2 and SOD-4) forms were increased significantly; however, the mitochondrial
      form (SOD-3) was increased only slightly. Higher levels of SOD-4 and SOD-3 after
      paraquat exposure were the result of increased synthesis of these proteins, as
      determined by labeling in vivo with [35S]methionine. Isolation and in vitro
      translation of polysomes from 10(-5) M paraquat-treated leaves indicated that
      paraquat increased the amount of polysomal mRNA which codes for SOD-4 and SOD-3.
      Superoxide dismutase induction does not appear to be a response that is specific
      to paraquat, since another superoxide-generating compound, juglone, caused a
      similar increase in total superoxide dismutase activity. Therefore, the effect of
      these compounds on the expression of the maize Sod genes is exerted via their
      ability to generate superoxide.

PMID- 3707997
TI  - The effect of alcohols on aequorin luminescence.
AB  - The effect of alcohols from ethanol to octanol on aequorin luminescence was
      biphasic; enhancement of both peak light and total photon yield at low
      concentrations, and inhibition of these parameters at high concentrations. The
      potency of alcohols to exert these effects was in the same order as the oil/water
      partition coefficients of the alcohols. It is argued that neither of these
      effects is related to calcium binding by aequorin, since alcohols enhanced
      calcium-independent luminescence, and the inhibition of responses is not
      associated with a reduction in the rate of aequorin 'consumption' on binding of
      calcium.

PMID- 3707998
TI  - Embryonic bone matrix formation is increased after exposure to a low-amplitude
      capacitively coupled electric field, in vitro.
AB  - In order to investigate the mechanism(s) of electric field-stimulated
      osteogenesis, we have developed an in vitro model in which embryonic chick tibiae
      have consistently demonstrated increased bone matrix formation in response to a
      low amplitude (estimated 10(-5) V/m in the serum-free culture medium),
      capacitively coupled, 10 Hz sinusoidal electric field. Initial applications of
      this model revealed that 72 h of continuous exposure to the electric field
      increased tibial collagen production by 29% compared to untreated controls, P
      less than 0.01. Additional studies further revealed: (a) that when electric field
      exposure was limited to 30 min/day during the 72 h in vitro incubation, embryonic
      bone matrix formation was increased by 83%, compared to non-treated controls (P
      less than 0.001), suggesting an inductive mechanism; (b) that the osteogenic
      response to electric field exposure in vitro was not unique to embryonic chick
      tibiae, since a similar response was also seen with newborn mouse calvaria
      (+133%, P less than 0.02); (c) that electric field-exposure-stimulated chick bone
      matrix formation was associated with increased bone cell proliferation; and (d)
      that this mitogenic response to in vitro electric field exposure could also be
      observed with embryonic chick calvarial cells in monolayer, serum-free cultures.

PMID- 3707999
TI  - Effect of decreased ferrochelatase activity on iron and porphyrin content in
      mitochondria of mice with porphyria induced by griseofulvin.
AB  - The content of iron and protoporphyrin in liver mitochondria from mice with
      porphyria induced by griseofulvin was measured. The amount of porphyrin was
      0.0076 +/- 0.0043, 4.11 +/- 0.58 and 22.2 +/- 6.8 nmol/mg protein (n = 5) in
      mitochondria from control animals and animals treated with griseofulvin for 3
      days and 4-5 weeks, respectively. The energy coupling of the mitochondria was
      greatly diminished after 4-5 weeks of treatment, and the ferrochelatase activity
      was inhibited 80-90%, compared to that of control animals. Mitochondrial
      preparations isolated by differential centrifugation were contaminated with iron
      containing lysosomes which could be removed by Percoll density-gradient
      centrifugation. In purified mitochondrial preparations no change in the amount of
      non-heme iron was found after griseofulvin feeding, representing 3.36 +/- 0.15,
      3.97 +/- 0.40 and 3.59 +/- 0.23 nmol/mg protein for control animals, 3 days- and
      4-5 weeks-treated animals, respectively (n = 4). A mitochondrial iron pool
      previously identified in rat liver mitochondria and shown to be available for
      heme synthesis in vitro (Tangeras, A. (1985) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 843, 199-207)
      was also present in mitochondria from mice. The magnitude of this iron pool, as
      well as its availability for heme synthesis, was not changed after treatment of
      the animals with griseofulvin. The fact that porphyrin, but not iron, accumulated
      in the mitochondria when ferrochelatase was inhibited is discussed with regard to
      our understanding of the process of heme synthesis and its regulation.

PMID- 3708000
TI  - Partial characterization of an allergenic glycoprotein from peanut (Arachis
      hypogaea L.).
AB  - A concanavalin A-reactive glycoprotein allergen has been isolated from peanut
      (Arachis hypogaea). The allergen was separated by affinity chromatography and
      purified by gel permeation and ion-exchange chromatography. The monomeric
      molecular weight is 65,000 and the pI is 4.6. The presence of one cysteine
      residue per molecule results in some dimer formation. Concanavalin A-reactive
      glycoprotein is a potent allergen for peanut-sensitive patients in both in vivo
      and in vitro tests. It is allergenically stable, on in vitro examination, at
      temperatures of up to 100 degrees C and over the pH range 2.8-10. Removal of the
      carbohydrate moiety failed to eliminate the allergenicity. Concanavalin A
      reactive glycoprotein is identified in the crossed immunoelectrophoretic pattern
      as a major antigen of peanut protein extract but its structural characteristics
      indicate that it is probably not a component of the major storage-protein
      complex, arachin.

PMID- 3708001
TI  - Microsomal chemiluminescence of benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol and its synthetic
      analogues trans- and cis-1-methoxyvinylpyrene.
AB  - The cis- and trans-methoxyvinylpyrene (MVP) analogues of benzo[a]pyrene-7,8
      dihydrodiol (7,8-diol) produce specific microsomal chemiluminescence comparable
      to that produced from 7,8-diol in Aroclor-induced rat liver microsome
      preparations. The chemiluminescence quantum yields, emission spectra, and the
      concentration and the temporal kinetics of these three substrates have been
      examined. Radiolabelled 7,8-diol and t-MVP exhibit significant covalent binding
      (more than 14%) to microsomal protein when metabolized enzymatically. The extreme
      quenching of the dioxetane chemiluminescence by both microsomes and
      phosphatidylcholine, as a model phospholipid, implies that despite the low
      quantum yield (approx. 10(-8) photons per substrate molecule) for microsomal
      chemiluminescence of these substrates, a significant fraction of their microsomal
      oxygenations may proceed via a dioxetane pathway.

PMID- 3708002
TI  - Iron mobilisation from lactoferrin by chelators at physiological pH.
AB  - Several alpha-ketohydroxypyridine, 2-hydroxypyridine N-oxide and 8
      hydroxyquinoline chelators were shown to mobilise iron from diferric 59Fe
      labelled human lactoferrin at physiological pH without the use of mediators or
      reducing agents. 1,2-Dimethyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one was found to be the most
      effective chelator, removing 90% of 59Fe from [59Fe]lactoferrin, in contrast to
      desferrioxamine, which was ineffective under the same conditions.

PMID- 3708003
TI  - Direct in vivo measurement of absolute metabolite concentrations using 31P
      nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
AB  - Whilst in vivo NMR spectroscopy provides much useful biochemical information, a
      limitation to such studies has been the difficulty in quantitating the results to
      obtain absolute metabolite concentrations. We report here a simple direct method
      to obtain absolute metabolite concentrations when using in vivo NMR with
      radiofrequency surface coils. The method has been validated for nucleoside
      triphosphates in two tissues; rat brain and skeletal muscle. The results obtained
      are in close agreement with nucleoside triphosphate concentrations obtained using
      other methods. Precautions for the accurate application of the method are
      discussed. This method can be applied to other metabolites, coils and NMR nuclei.

PMID- 3708004
TI  - Role of glycosaminoglycans in calcium metabolism of human platelets.
AB  - Changes in intracellular Ca2+, [Ca2+]i, were measured in control and chondroitin
      ABC lyase-pretreated platelets. [Ca2+]i was measured with the fluorescent calcium
      probe Quin2. Chondroitin ABC lyase removed chondroitin 4-sulfate from the
      platelet surface without inducing shape change or release of serotonin. Compared
      to similarly prepared controls, enzyme treated platelets showed an increase of
      [Ca2+]i in response to stimulation by various agonists at high (1 mM)
      extracellular Ca2+ concentration. At low Ca2+ in the medium (1 mM EGTA), such
      platelets responded to agonists with a decreased rise in [Ca2+]i compared to the
      controls. These studies indicate that selective removal of glycosaminoglycans may
      sensitize platelets to the action of platelet aggregating agents. In addition,
      glycosaminoglycans may have a calcium storage function.

PMID- 3708005
TI  - Uptake of L-carnitine, D-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine by isolated guinea-pig
      enterocytes.
AB  - Uptake and metabolism of L-carnitine, D-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine were
      studied utilizing isolated guinea-pig enterocytes. Uptake of the D- and L-isomers
      of carnitine was temperature dependent. Uptake of L-[14C]carnitine by jejunal
      cells was sodium dependent since replacement by lithium, potassium or choline
      greatly reduced uptake. L- and D-carnitine developed intracellular to
      extracellular concentration gradients for total carnitine (free plus acetylated)
      of 2.7 and 1.4, respectively. However, acetylation of L-carnitine accounted
      almost entirely for the difference between uptake of L- and D-carnitine. About
      60% of the intracellular label was acetyl-L-carnitine after 30 min, and the
      remainder was free L-carnitine. No other products were observed. D-Carnitine was
      not metabolized. Acetyl-L-carnitine was deacetylated during or immediately after
      uptake into intestinal cells and a portion of this newly formed intracellular
      free carnitine was apparently reacetylated. L-Carnitine and D-carnitine transport
      (after adjustment for metabolism and diffusion) were evaluated over a
      concentration range of 2-1000 microM. Km values of 6-7 microM and 5 microM, were
      estimated for L- and D-carnitine, respectively. Ileal-cell uptake was about half
      that found for jejunal cells, but the labeled intracellular acetylcarnitine-to
      carnitine ratios were similar for both cell populations. Carnitine transport by
      guinea-pig enterocytes demonstrate characteristics of a carrier-mediated process
      since it was inhibited by D-carnitine and trimethylaminobutyrate, as well as
      being temperature and concentration dependent. The process appears to be
      facilitated diffusion rather than active transport since L-carnitine did not
      develop a significant concentration gradient, and was unaffected by ouabain or
      actinomycin A.

PMID- 3708006
TI  - Phorbol esters modulate thrombin-operated calcium mobilisation and dense granule
      release in human platelets.
AB  - Human alpha-thrombin-induced elevation of cytosolic free calcium ([Ca2+]i) and
      dense granule release was examined in platelets preincubated with either
      activators or an inhibitor of protein kinase C. 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol 13
      acetate (TPA) or two 12-deoxy analogues of TPA, when added alone to platelets,
      did not elevate [Ca2+]i, as monitored by quin2 fluorescence, though small amounts
      of dense granule release were detected. Preincubation of the platelets with
      either TPA or 12-deoxyphorbol 13-phenylacetate, but not the parent, 4-beta
      phorbol, produced a dose-dependent inhibition of the elevation of [Ca2+]i and 5
      hydroxytryptamine release induced by human alpha-thrombin. Furthermore, this
      phorbol ester-mediated inhibition of human alpha-thrombin-induced activation
      could be prevented by H7 (1-[5-isoquinolinesulphonyl]-2-methylpiperazine), the
      recently described inhibitor of protein kinase C. These results suggest a role
      for protein kinase C as a modulator of receptor-operated calcium fluxes in human
      platelets.

PMID- 3708007
TI  - Isolation and characterization of two types of MDCK epithelial cell clones based
      on glycosphingolipid pattern.
AB  - The Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cell line was shown previously to
      be heterogeneous with marked differences reported between low-passage (strain I)
      and high-passage (strain II) cultures (Richardson, J.C.W., Scalera, V. and
      Simmons, N.L. (1981) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 673, 26-36). This report describes
      major differences in the glycolipids of the two subpopulations of cells that
      comprise strain I and strain II cultures. The majority of strain II cells were
      strongly positive for the Forssman glycolipid antigen, while strain I cells were
      Forssman-deficient. Upon finding that strain I cells were contaminated with
      mycoplasma, we rescued Forssman-deficient cells from strain II using an anti
      Forssman plus complement lysis procedure. Clones of surviving cells consisted of
      two distinct cell types. The first were Forssman-deficient, non-ciliated, spindle
      shaped cells which generated negative (apical to basolateral) transepithelial
      potential differences. Clones of the second type were strongly Forssman-positive,
      ciliated, and formed island-shaped clusters of cuboidal cells. These latter
      clones generated positive potential differences and grew more slowly than the
      spindle-shaped clones. Spindle cells were enriched in fucolipids, while cuboidal
      cells contained higher levels of sulfated glycolipids. These two types of clones
      should provide excellent model systems in which to study the processing and
      polarity of glycolipids in epithelial cells.

PMID- 3708008
TI  - 31P-NMR characterization of hen egg yolk and egg white.
AB  - The avian egg is an isolated system where embryonic development can easily be
      studied. Furthermore, the system can be subjected to various environmental
      constraints. Its size is such that it can easily be accommodated in most NMR
      instruments. This is demonstrated by a recent 31P-NMR surface coil experiment
      where the increase of embryo size and development could be judged by the levels
      of ATP and phosphocreatine (Belton, P.S., Gordon, R.E., Jones, J.M. and Shaw, D.
      (1983) Br. Poult. Sci. 24, 429-433).

PMID- 3708009
TI  - Terbium fluorescence studies of cisplatin binding to GH3/B6 pituitary tumor
      cells.
AB  - Terbium (Tb3+) fluorescence was used to investigate the interaction of cisplatin
      with GH3/B6 pituitary tumor cells. The binding of cisplatin to GH3/B6 cells
      quenched the fluorescence intensity of bound Tb3+. The IC50 for cisplatin
      inhibition of Tb3+-GH3/B6 fluorescence was determined to be 190 microM. Cisplatin
      was found to non-competitively inhibit the cellular binding of Tb3+, causing a
      dramatic decrease in the maximum number of high-affinity Tb3+ binding sites (by
      33%), without markedly affecting their binding affinity. The half-life for the
      cellular binding of cisplatin was calculated to be 2.7 min. It was suggested that
      the plasma membrane of GH3/B6 cells contain a specific protein receptor for
      binding cisplatin.

PMID- 3708010
TI  - Quantitative aspects of the uptake and degradation of lysozyme in the rat kidney
      in vivo.
AB  - Uptake and degradation of lysozyme in the rat kidney were studied in vivo. The
      protein was labeled with 125I by way of a moiety (tyramine-cellobiose or 'TC')
      which remained trapped inside the cells even after proteolysis of the peptide
      chain (in contrast, the label from conventionally labeled proteins escapes after
      degradation). Following the injection of 'trapped-label' lysozyme, the
      radioactivity in the kidneys represented the total amount of lysozyme that was
      taken up during the experiment. Proteolysis could be followed by determining the
      amount of acid-soluble degradation products. By adding the radioactivity in the
      urine to that in the kidneys, a measure of the total filtered load was obtained.
      When only a trace dose of 125I-labeled TC lysozyme was injected into rats, the
      amount of radioactivity in the kidneys increased on average by 0.09% per min,
      after the concentration in the blood had become nearly stable. After 100 min, 30%
      of the injected dose was recovered in the kidneys. The labeled protein was
      degraded to acid-soluble molecules of Mr less than 1000. There was apparently a
      'lag period' between the endocytosis in the kidneys and the start of degradation.
      40 min after the injection of a trace dose, about 0.6% of the 'trapped-label'
      lysozyme in the kidneys was degraded per min.; subsequently, there was a decline
      in the fraction which was degraded per min. The amount of lysozyme in the urine
      increased after the injection of increasing amounts of lysozyme, showing that the
      capacity of the uptake mechanism was being exceeded, but truly saturating levels
      of lysozyme could not be reached in vivo.

PMID- 3708011
TI  - Hormone-sensitive lipase from bovine adipose tissue.
AB  - Hormone-sensitive lipase has been purified to near homogeneity from bovine
      perirenal adipose tissue. The purification method involves isoelectric
      precipitation at pH 5.0, followed by partial solubilisation in Triton N-101 and
      ion-exchange chromatography on DE-52. After additional solubilisation, the enzyme
      is further purified by chromatography on phenyl-Sepharose and heparin-Sepharose.
      This procedure can be completed within three working days and yields approx. 30
      units of enzyme with a specific activity of 30 U/mg. The enzyme has been
      identified as a polypeptide of Mr 84 000 by affinity labelling with
      [3H]diisopropyl fluorophosphate. This polypeptide comprises approx. 60-80% of the
      protein in the final preparation, as judged by scanning densitometry of SDS
      polyacrylamide gels stained with silver or with Coomassie blue R. The polypeptide
      of Mr 84 000 serves as a substrate for cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase,
      phosphorylation correlating with activation of the lipase. Polyclonal antibody to
      the lipase has been raised in a rabbit and shown to specifically cross-react with
      the Mr 84 000 subunit.

PMID- 3708012
TI  - [Metabolism of histones and non-histone proteins in liver cell nuclei and
      chromatin from rats of various ages].
AB  - The metabolism of various classes of histones and nonhistone proteins in intact
      nuclei and in liver chromatin of albino Wistar rats aged 1, 3, 12 and 24 months,
      was studied. It was shown that in the course of postnatal development the
      metabolism of nonhistone proteins extracted with 0.14 M NaCl in murine liver is
      increased. Later in ontogenesis, the incorporation of labeled precursors into
      proteins HMG 14 and HMG 17 decreases; the specific radioactivity of proteins HMG
      1 + 2 is higher in 3- and 24-month-old animals. The intensity of metabolism of
      nonhistone proteins and histones is higher within the composition of the
      chromatin complex than in the intact nucleus at all stages of postnatal
      development. Among other histone proteins, histones H1 are characterized by the
      highest level specific radioactivity in rats of all age groups.

PMID- 3708013
TI  - [Formation of lactate dehydrogenase complexes with proteins and polyelectrolytes.
      A possible physiological role].
AB  - The effect of polymers (proteins, polyaminoacids, polyethylenimine) on kinetic
      parameters of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from porcine skeletal muscle was
      studied. Activation of the enzyme which was partially due to the association of
      LDH dimers was observed. A hypothesis was proposed, according to which the
      contribution of dissociation of oligomeric enzymes in the regulation of their
      activity in vivo is negligible due to the equilibrium shift towards association
      in dissociable enzyme systems.

PMID- 3708014
TI  - [Plasma enzymes inactivating alkaloids].
AB  - It was shown that rat blood plasma contains two enzymes that inactivate alkaloids
      by transforming them into N-oxides. Both enzymes are hemoproteins: one of them
      consists of three different polypeptides with Mr of 63, 35 and 12 kD, while the
      other one is a single polypeptide with Mr of 73 kD. Both enzymes exhibit
      cooperative properties.

PMID- 3708015
TI  - [Effect of perfluorodecalin and perfluorotributylamine on the liver cytochrome P
      450 system].
AB  - The effect of a single intraperitoneal injection of perfluorodecaline (0.5 ml)
      and perfluorotributylamine on the cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase system
      of male hybrid mouse (CBA X C57Bl) liver was studied. It was shown that
      perfluorodecaline is a potent inducer of the cytochrome P-450 system in the
      liver. The sharp increase of the cytochrome P-450 content and of the enzymatic
      activity was observed within 5 months. The biological effect of
      perfluorotributylamine on the monooxygenase system of the liver was much less
      pronounced. A slight inhibition of the cytochrome P-450 system was observed at
      short times after the injection followed by its slight stimulation after 2 weeks;
      30 days thereafter all the parameters under study returned to control values.

PMID- 3708016
TI  - [Effect of phosphocreatine on the lysophosphoglyceride levels in total ischemia
      of the rat myocardium].
AB  - The phospholipid composition of the crude plasma membrane fraction of Langendorff
      perfused rat hearts has been studied. The effect of phosphocreatine (PCr) and 3
      phosphono-2-imino-1-methyl-4-oxoimidazolidine (PIMOI) on lysophosphoglycerides
      (LPG) level in this fraction isolated from hearts that were totally ischemic for
      8 minutes, has been examined. The absolute and relative contents of LPG were
      significantly increased in ischemic hearts: the lysophosphatidylcholine content
      was elevated by 94% and that of lysophosphatidylethanolamine--by 77%.
      Accumulation of these LPG in ischemic myocardium was completely inhibited in the
      presence of 10 mM PCr or PIMOI in the perfusate. LPG may play a key role in the
      destruction of sarcolemma. Therefore, these data allow to assume that the
      protective effect of PCr and PIMOI on the sarcolemma of ischemic myocardium may
      be the result of their influence on the phospholipid metabolism in the ischemic
      region of the heart.

PMID- 3708017
TI  - [Cytochrome P-448 induction in liver microsomes of mice of inbred strains after
      administration of xenobiotics of MC-type].
AB  - Using immunochemical methods, the identity of cytochrome P-448 from liver
      microsomes of mice of "inducible" and "non-inducible" lines during induction by
      xenobiotics of MX-type (3-methylcholanthrene, 3,4-benzpyrene, 2,3,7,8
      tetrachlorodibenzodioxin) was established. This hemoprotein form was shown to
      play a role in 3,4-benzpyrene metabolism. Monospecific antibodies to purified
      cytochromes P-448 and P-450 were obtained; the cytochrome P-448 content in
      microsomes was measured by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. The content of
      cytochrome P-448 in control and phenobarbital-induced microsomes makes up to 10
      15% of the total hemoprotein content determinable from the CO-spectra. 3
      Methylcholanthrene and 3,4-benzpyrene injected into "non-inducible" mice cause no
      increase in the content of this hemprotein form, whereas in mice induced with
      2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin it rises to 50%. Under these conditions, an
      almost 100% inhibition of 3,4-benzpyrene metabolism by antibodies to cytochrome P
      448 is observed. Antibodies against cytochrome P-448 obtained from liver
      microsomes of 3-methylcholanthrene-induced mice cause a 90% inhibition of 3,4
      benzpyrene in microsomes induced with 3-methylcholanthrene and 2,3,7,8
      tetrachlorodibenzodioxin.

PMID- 3708018
TI  - [Deuterium exchange of the methyl group of pyruvate catalyzed by human serum
      albumin].
AB  - Human serum albumin catalyzes proton exchange of the methyl group of the pyruvate
      molecule in heavy water. The exchange process is mainly due to the formation of
      bonds of a Schiff base type between six deprotonated protein amino groups and
      pyruvate. Both hydrated and non-hydrated forms of pyruvate interact with
      positively charged side amino acid residues of the polypeptide chain (most
      probably, with arginine) located in the hydrophobic "pockets" of the protein
      globule. The value of equilibrium association constants with serum albumin
      exceeds that for the hydrated form of pyruvate.

PMID- 3708019
TI  - [A special estrogen-binding protein of the liver: additional data on the
      structural determinants of androgenic ligands].
AB  - The relative competitive activity of some androstane derivatives was determined
      by 50% inhibition of [3H]estradiol binding to an unusual estrogen-binding protein
      (UEBP) of male rat liver. It was shown that: i) the bulk of energy of the steroid
      protein complex is derived from hydrophobic interactions; ii) the authentic
      ability to form specific complexes with UEBP at androgene concentrations close to
      physiological ones, is determined by 17 beta-hydroxyl and is enhanced by the 3
      alpha- or 2 alpha-oxy-group; iii) 3- and 17-keto groups inhibit androgene
      interaction with UEBP; iiii) the cis-conjunction of rings A and B in the androgen
      molecule does not block steroid binding to the protein. These data specify
      significantly the mechanism of androgene interaction with UEBP and shed
      additional light on the physiological role of this protein.

PMID- 3708021
TI  - [The role of bivalent cations in the binding of hexokinase II isoenzyme to
      mitochondrial membranes].
AB  - A comparative study of Mg2+ and Ca2+ effects on the ability of rat skeletal
      muscle hexokinase isozyme II to bind mitochondrial membranes isolated from the
      same source was carried out. It was found that the binding ability of the enzyme
      increases in a similar way in the presence of equimolar amounts of both cations.
      The dependence of binding ability on cation concentration is hyperbolic, which
      points to the existence of specific and equivalent metal binding sites during
      hexokinase attachment to the membranes. Substitution of Ca2+ for Mg2+ does not
      influence the tightness of the enzyme binding to membranes, which can be
      evidenced from the type of dependence of the bound hexokinase solubilization
      degree on KCl concentration in the eluting buffer. The enzyme absorption mediated
      by various cations is accompanied by corresponding changes in its kinetic
      properties (V, Km for glucose, Ki for ADP). The role of bivalent cations in the
      formation of the specific hexokinase-membrane binding is discussed.

PMID- 3708020
TI  - [Estrogen- and progestin-receptor complexes and their interactions with rat liver
      cell nuclei in ontogenesis].
AB  - Steroid-receptor complexes (SRC) of estrogen and progestin were isolated from rat
      liver and purified 1500-2000-fold. The SRC within the composition of cytosol and
      purified 2000-fold were characterized by gel filtration of Sephadex G-100 and by
      DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The purified SRC from rat liver were bound to
      isolated liver cell nuclei of rats of various age (1.5, 6, 12 and 24 month-old).
      The maximal binding of progestin and estrogen SRC from rat liver was observed in
      homologous nuclei of 1.5-month-old animals. The binding of SRC by the nuclei
      decreased progressively with age, reaching its minimum in 24-month-old rats. The
      observed differences in the SRC binding by cell nuclei of experimental animals
      may be the cause of functional changes at various stages of ontogenesis.

PMID- 3708022
TI  - [Solubilization of glycoproteins from enveloped viruses by detergents].
AB  - The effects of some known ionic and nonionic detergents as well as that of a
      novel nonionic detergent MESK on various enveloped viruses were investigated. It
      was found that nonionic detergens (MESK, Triton X-100, octyl-beta-D
      glucopyranoside) selectively solubilize glycoproteins of enveloped viruses. The
      most mild selective action is exerted by the nonionic detergent MESK. Using this
      detergent, pure preparations of glycoproteins of influenza, parainfluenza, equine
      Venezuela encephalomyelitis, rabies, vesicular stomatitis and herpes viruses were
      obtained. The procedure of isolation of purified glycoproteins includes
      incubation of viral suspensions with MESK, removal of subviral structures by
      centrifugation and purification of glycoproteins from detergent admixtures by
      dialysis. Purified glycoproteins retain their native structure and a high
      biological activity and immunogenicity. MESK seems to be due a perspective tool
      in the production of subunit vaccines.

PMID- 3708023
TI  - [Pentachlorophenol inhibition of succinate oxidation by the respiratory chain in
      submitochondrial particles from the bovine heart].
AB  - Study on the effect of pentachlorophenol on the succinate oxidase activity of
      submitochondrial particles and on the reduction level of cytochromes b revealed
      that the Ki value for PCP is equal to 2-4 microM. The succinate-DCPIP-reductase
      activity is noncompetitively inhibited with PCP (by 75-85%) (Ki = 3.6 microM). In
      the case of the succinate-PMS-reductase activity PCP at micromolar concentrations
      decreases the value of V only by 40% (C50 = 2 microM) with a simultaneous
      increase of the Km value for PMS. The identity of Ki values for PCP under these
      conditions suggests that the effect of PCP is due to the inhibitor interaction
      with the same component of the succinate dehydrogenase complex. The type of
      action of PCP on the succinate-acceptor-reductase activities indicates that the
      inhibiting effect of PCP on succinate oxidations is similar to that exerted by
      traditional inhibitors of succinate dehydrogenase--tenoyltrifluoroacetone and
      carboxins. Since PCP inhibits succinate dehydrogenase at low concentrations, it
      seems likely that the biological (pesticidal) effect of PCP is provided for not
      only by its uncoupling action but also by the inhibition of succinate oxidation
      in the respiratory chain.

PMID- 3708024
TI  - [A system of automated measurement of frequency-amplitude characteristics of
      auditory neurons].
AB  - The digital system for automatic measurement of frequency-amplitude and frequency
      threshold characteristics of auditory neurons is described. A multi-channel
      analyser is utilized as a storage device.

PMID- 3708025
TI  - [Isolation of hexokinase II isoenzyme from the hyaloplasm of rat skeletal
      muscle].
AB  - A method for obtaining partially purified preparation of II isozyme of hexokinase
      from cytosol of the rat skeletal muscles has been suggested. According to the
      data of electrophoretic and kinetic analyses the preparation does not practically
      contain I isozyme of hexokinase and is characterized by high enzymatic activity.
      The obtained preparation of II isozyme of hexokinase may be successfully used for
      research of the adsorption mechanism controlling the enzyme activity.

PMID- 3708026
TI  - [Synchronization of activity of rhythm-forming neurons in the respiratory
      center].
AB  - The method of determination of the basic parameter of the mathematical model of
      respiratory centre using temporal characteristics of respiratory neurons has been
      suggested. The model's behaviour depending on the meaning of this parameter and
      possibility of respiratory neuron's activity sinchronization have been
      investigated. The influence of feedback shorting on the mechanico-receptor
      outline on this process has been described.

PMID- 3708027
TI  - [Effect of pancreatic DNAse on the nuclear DNA topology of Candida tropicalis
      yeasts].
AB  - It has been shown that pancreatic DNAase added to the nutritious medium caused
      the change in the nuclear DNA topology of asporogenic Candida tropicalis yeast.
      DNA conformative changes are due to the unwinding of supertwisted molecules as a
      result of single-strand ruptures formation which induce DNA synthesis
      acceleration, cell growth and division.

PMID- 3708028
TI  - [Analysis of the form of cortical neuron reaction to acetylcholine].
AB  - Reaction patterns of 90 cortical neurons to acetylcholine approximated by two
      parabolas have been divided on simple and complex. The participation of different
      types of cholinoreceptors in complex reactions to transmitter is proposed.

PMID- 3708029
TI  - [Effect of the venom of the toad Bufo viridis Laur. on cardiac hemodynamics in
      dogs].
AB  - The cardiotonic effect of the secretion of the toads Bufo viridis Laur. skin
      glands and discharged bufadienolidines has been studied in the experiments on
      dogs under anaesthesia. It has been shown that the toad poison and
      bufadienolidines administered intravenously produce a marked cardiotonic and
      vasotonic effect, increasing the intraventricular and aortal pressure, the rate
      of pressure growth in the ventricles and the contraction index of the myocardium.
      The cardiotonic effect of poisons has also been noted in the model study of
      cardiac insufficiency caused by the bandaging of the coronary artery, it has
      greater effect than that of the cardiac glycoside corglycon.

PMID- 3708030
TI  - [Hemostatic system function as affected by thromboplastic agents from higher
      plants].
AB  - It has been determined that the thromboplastic agents from the inflorescence of
      the birch Betula pendula Roth, blossoms of the willow Salix daphnoides Vill.,
      seeds of the pea Pisum sativum L. provoke protective reaction of the animal's
      anticoagulation system, though weaker expressed than the reaction of
      thromboplastin from brain. The mechanisms of action of thromboplastic agents of
      plant origin is similar to the mechanism of action of tissue thromboplastin.

PMID- 3708031
TI  - [Yeast associations with mosquitoes of the genus Aedes Mg. (Diptera, Culicidae)
      in the Tom-Ob river region].
AB  - The inner microflora of blood-sucking mosquitoes genus Aedes inhabiting different
      biotops of aspen-birch woods of the Tomsc Priob region has been investigated. 120
      strains of yeasts genera Pichia, Hansenula, Saccharomyces, Torulaspora,
      Metschnicowia, Rhodotorula, Cryptococcus, Candida and Aueobasidium have been
      isolated, the most number of species belong to the genus Pichia. Yeasts P.
      guilliermondii, A. pullulans and M. pulcherrima have been found during all
      periods of insects collection. The most number of yeasts species has been found
      in mosquitos of mass species--A. diantaeus, A. excrucians. A. punctor and A.
      communis. It is supposed that isolated yeasts are collected by mosquitoes off
      natural substrates in the course of their development.

PMID- 3708032
TI  - Interaction between nonnutritive sucking and respiration in preterm infants.
AB  - The effect of nonnutritive sucking bursts (NNSBs) on respiratory frequency was
      sequentially evaluated in 12 healthy preterm infants. Studies were performed
      during active sleep in infants between 32 and 37 weeks postconceptional age. The
      duration of NNSBs was classified as follows: (a) less than 3 s, (b) between 3 and
      6 s, and (c) greater than 6 s. NNSBs of each duration were found at all ages,
      although NNSBs greater than 6 s were the least frequently observed. Respiratory
      rate increased significantly during NNSBs of less than 3 s, and also in those of
      3-6 s duration. There was no significant effect on respiratory frequency of
      sucking bursts longer than 6 s. Our results document an early interaction between
      these two motor rhythms, which is influenced by the length of the NNSB. Moreover,
      they indicate that the decrease in respiratory frequency reported in a similar
      group of preterm infants during feeding should not be interpreted as an effect of
      sucking per se.

PMID- 3708033
TI  - Net transfer of essential metals from mother to fetus in the second half of
      pregnancy in the rat.
AB  - The blood and plasma as well as fetal, placental and whole conceptus levels of
      copper, iron, sodium, zinc, potassium, magnesium and calcium were measured in
      pregnant rats and their fetuses days 11-21 after conception. Maternal blood and
      plasma concentrations of these metals did not really change in the period
      studied. In the fetus, the concentrations of iron, zinc and calcium increased,
      whereas for the other metals, they remained practically unchanged during fetal
      development. The net cumulative levels of metals in the whole conceptus increased
      in parallel with fetal growth for most metals, except for the zinc and calcium
      concentrations which increased at a higher pace, especially after day 16. It is
      concluded that these data could only be explained by a balanced increase in fetal
      drainage from the mother, which does not deeply change the homeostatic
      maintenance of the maternal circulating metal pools.

PMID- 3708034
TI  - Intestinal and femoral blood flow autoregulation in developing swine.
AB  - Pressure-flow relationships (P/F) in the small intestine or hindlimb circulation
      were used to examine autoregulation in 104 swine, aged 1 day to 2 months and
      anesthetized with pentobarbital. The P/F were obtained while perfusion pressure
      was decreased by compression of the abdominal aorta for 2 min at each pressure.
      Readjustments in vascular resistance stabilized within 2 min. Intestinal flow
      decreased with each decrease in pressure in swine 2 weeks old or younger, but was
      well maintained by 1 month of age. Femoral flow decreased with each decrease in
      pressure at all ages studied. Control experiments indicated that the observed
      vascular responses were independent of angiotension-II activity and were not
      reflex in origin.

PMID- 3708035
TI  - Neuroendocrine responses in psychiatric and pain patients with major depression.
AB  - Basal and postdexamethasone concentrations of cortisol and prolactin were studied
      in three groups of male patients: chronic pain patients with no psychiatric
      diagnosis (n = 12), chronic pain patients with coexisting major depression by
      Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) (n = 24), and pain-free psychiatric patients
      meeting RDC criteria for major depression (n = 28). Basal cortisol concentrations
      were significantly higher in pain-major depression and psychiatric-major
      depression patients compared to pain patients without psychiatric illness. The
      frequency of cortisol nonsuppression after dexamethasone was significantly
      greater in pain patients with major depression (41.7%) compared to pain patients
      without psychiatric disorder (8.3%), and was comparable to that of psychiatric
      patients (21.4%). Prolactin concentrations, but not cortisol levels, were
      significantly correlated with observer-rated severity of depression in pain
      patients. These findings suggest that cortisol and prolactin abnormalities in
      chronic pain may be related to psychiatric disorder rather than to pain per se,
      at least in male patients, and may indicate a role for cholinergic mechanisms in
      the interface of pain and depression.

PMID- 3708036
TI  - Dexamethasone suppression test and noradrenergic function in affective and
      schizophrenic disorders.
AB  - The relationship between hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) function and the
      noradrenergic system was examined in patients with affective and with
      schizophrenic disorders. In response to the Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST),
      serum cortisol, plasma catecholamine levels, and serum creatine kinase (CK)
      activity were measured. Among patients with major depression, those with higher
      post-DST cortisol levels had higher plasma catecholamine levels and lower serum
      CK activity. Among acute schizophrenic patients, those with higher serum CK
      activity had higher baseline and post-DST cortisol levels. These results indicate
      that in both major depression and in acute schizophrenia, there is a dysfunction
      of the HPA axis and the noradrenergic system, but the noradrenergic dysfunctions
      are different in the two disorders.

PMID- 3708037
TI  - Stress-induced immobility in rats with cholinergic supersensitivity.
AB  - Immobility during forced swimming or after mild footshock (1 mA for 2 sec) was
      observed in five groups of rats. The Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) of rats, known
      to be more sensitive to cholinergic agonists, exhibited the greatest degree of
      immobility in the forced swim test. Rats chronically treated with, and
      subsequently withdrawn from, either scopolamine (2 mg/kg, once daily) or
      amitriptyline (10 mg/kg, once daily) were also significantly more immobile than
      either a control group treated chronically with isotonic saline or the Flinders
      Resistant Line (FRL) of rats in the forced swim test. Similar trends were
      observed for locomotor depression in the open field following exposure to
      footshock. Receptor binding studies indicated significantly greater
      concentrations of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the hippocampus of the
      scopolamine, and amitriptyline, withdrawn rats. These findings indicate that rats
      with increased cholinergic sensitivity are more sensitive to the immobility
      inducing effects of mild stressors. Thus, they may prove to be useful models for
      studying the relationship between affective disorders and the cholinergic system.

PMID- 3708038
TI  - Psychosis and suicide.
AB  - The prevalence and characteristics of psychosis were observed in a population of
      134 subjects who committed suicide in St. Louis in a 1-year period. Psychosis was
      diagnosed if a subject had, in the period just prior (1 month or less) to his
      suicide, experienced any of the following: delusions; hallucinations; bizarre
      behavior; disorientation, confusion, or memory loss; or formal thought disorder.
      Using these criteria, 25 (19%) of the 134 subjects were found to be psychotic at
      the time of suicide.

PMID- 3708039
TI  - Lithium counteracts carbamazepine-induced leukopenia while increasing its
      therapeutic effect.

PMID- 3708040
TI  - Efficacy of phenelzine in geriatric depression.

PMID- 3708041
TI  - Phosphatidylcholine and tardive dyskinesia.

PMID- 3708042
TI  - Zinc and childhood hyperactivity.

PMID- 3708043
TI  - Pituitary function, affective disorder, and cerebellar vermis atrophy.

PMID- 3708044
TI  - The suppressive effect of the maternal pituitary on relaxin secretion during the
      second half of pregnancy in rats does not require the presence of the nonluteal
      ovarian tissue.
AB  - This study was conducted to determine whether the suppressive effect of the
      maternal pituitary on relaxin secretion, luteal growth, and progesterone
      secretion during the second half of pregnancy in rats (Golos and Sherwood, 1984)
      requires the presence of the nonluteal ovary. At proestrus, rats received
      unilateral follicular autotransplants to the kidney capsule. These developed into
      ectopic corpora lutea (eCL) which maintained pregnancy following removal of the
      in situ ovary on Day 13 of pregnancy. On Day 8, the conceptus number was left
      unchanged (eCL-5C) or adjusted to 2 (eCL-2C). Serum relaxin levels, eCL relaxin
      levels, and eCL weights were significantly lower in eCL-2C rats than in eCL-5C
      rats from Day 12 through Day 20. Following hypophysectomy on Day 13, serum
      relaxin levels increased significantly in both groups. Mean luteal weights also
      increased following hypophysectomy of eCL-2C rats. Although not statistically
      significant, serum progesterone levels tended to be higher in eCL-5C rats than in
      eCL-2C rats from Day 12 until Day 18; serum progesterone levels tended to
      increase following hypophysectomy regardless of conceptus number. It is concluded
      that the presence of the non-luteal components of the ovary are not required for
      the suppressive effect of the maternal pituitary on relaxin secretion and luteal
      growth during the second half of pregnancy.

PMID- 3708045
TI  - Ontogeny of secretory patterns of LH release and effects of gonadectomy in the
      chronically catheterized pig fetus and neonate.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to determine the ontogeny of secretory patterns of
      luteinizing hormone (LH) release and effects of gonadectomy on the
      characteristics of LH secretion in the chronically catheterized pig fetus and
      neonate. To study secretory patterns in intact animals, blood samples were
      collected from 44 pig fetuses and their mothers (Days 81, 99, 109 and 113 of
      gestation) as well as from 25 neonates (Days 4 and 8) every 15 min for 3 h (2 h
      on Day 81). The results indicate that the fetal adenohypophysis secretes
      occasional pulses of LH as early as Day 81 of fetal life. Fetal and maternal mean
      LH levels are low (0.25-0.50 ng/ml) at all gestational ages, with lowest values
      just before birth (Day 113 post coitum). Four-day-old neonates show a significant
      increase in pulse frequency (male and female) as well as pulse amplitude
      (female), relative to fetal values, leading to significant augmentations in mean
      LH levels. This is associated with reductions in both 17 beta-estradiol and
      progesterone. By 8 days of age significant sex differences in mean LH levels
      (males greater than females) appear. Testosterone/5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone
      levels (males) are low prenatally but are significantly increased after birth,
      possibly due to the stimulating effects of increasing LH levels. To study the
      gonadal control of LH secretion, forty-one 105-day-old fetuses and thirty-eight 4
      day-old neonates were chronically catheterized and were either gonadectomized or
      remained as sham or control animals. Forty-eight and 96 h after surgery, blood
      samples were taken every 15 min for 3 h. No significant changes are detectable at
      96 h in mean LH, pulse frequency and amplitude in female or male fetuses or in
      neonates. While significant reductions in testosterone levels are observed at 96
      h in the male fetus and neonate, progesterone concentration is reduced only in
      the neonate. In the castrated female, on the other hand, neither fetus nor
      neonate display significant changes in circulating levels of progesterone and 17
      beta-estradiol at 96 h. It is concluded that the pituitary of the pig is able to
      discharge LH with occasional pulses as early as Day 81 of fetal life; however,
      the pituitary remains suppressed until after birth, probably due to high
      circulating nongonadal steroids in the fetal compartment.

PMID- 3708046
TI  - Mouse testicular and sperm cell development characterized from birth to adulthood
      by dual parameter flow cytometry.
AB  - Dual parameter flow cytometry was used to investigate cellular changes in male
      germinal tissue during normal postpartum maturation in B6C3F1/J mice. Animals
      were killed at 2-day intervals from 2 to 42 days postpartum and at 48, 64, 72, 93
      and 100 days postpartum. Testicular, cauda epididymis and vas deferens cell
      suspensions were stained with the metachromatic fluorochrome acridine orange and
      measured by flow cytometry for red and green fluorescence levels after excitation
      by blue laser light. Intensities of red and green fluorescence reflect amounts of
      single- and double-strand nucleic acid sites available for acridine orange
      staining, respectively, and were used to classify cells on the basis of ploidy
      level, RNA content, and chromatin structure, as defined by susceptibility to acid
      denaturation of DNA in situ. Sperm from cauda epididymis and vas deferens were
      examined by light microscopy to determine frequency of abnormal sperm head
      morphology. Fluorescence data derived from acridine orange-stained testicular
      cells quantified the sequential changes in 1) proportions of haploid, diploid and
      tetraploid cell types during the first round of spermatogenesis, and 2)
      proportions of round, elongating, and elongated spermatids during the first round
      of spermiogenesis. Ratios of the three major testicular populations (haploid,
      diploid, and tetraploid) reached adult levels by 48 days postpartum. Sperm cells
      were first detected in the cauda epididymis and vas deferens on 30 and 36 days
      postpartum, respectively. Early sperm populations, compared to adult sperm,
      exhibited up to 89% abnormalities in sperm head morphology that correlated with
      significant levels of abnormal chromatin structure. Percentage of sperm head
      abnormalities and chromatin structure in the cauda epididymis and vas deferens
      approached normal adult levels by 42 and 48 days postpartum, respectively.

PMID- 3708047
TI  - Effects of acutely increased plasma testosterone concentrations on pulsatile
      luteinizing hormone secretion in the male rat.
AB  - To assess the role of testosterone (T) in regulating the minute-to-minute release
      of pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in the adult male rat, we
      investigated the negative feedback of acute increases in plasma T concentrations
      on pulsatile LH secretion in acutely castrated male rats. At the time of
      castration, we implanted T-filled Silastic capsules, s.c., which maintained
      plasma T concentrations at approximately 1.8 ng/ml and suppressed LH pulses. On
      the next day, the capsules were removed; blood sampling (every 6 min) was started
      8 h after implant removal, thereby allowing LH pulses to be reinitiated.
      Immediately following a control bleeding interval of 2 h, either T or vehicle
      alone was infused s.c., and blood sampling continued for another 4 h. In animals
      receiving vehicle alone, LH pulse frequency and mean LH levels increased over the
      6 h bleeding period. The administration of 200 ng T/min caused a rapid rise in
      plasma T concentrations of about 4 ng/ml ("physiological") and prevented the
      increase in pulse frequency that occurred in the control group; it did not,
      however, reduce pulse frequency over the 4 h infusion period. When T was infused
      at the rate of 400 ng/ml, plasma T concentrations rose to approximately 18 ng/ml
      ("supraphysiological") and LH pulse frequency was significantly reduced, but not
      completely inhibited, during the last 2 h of the infusion. The pulse amplitude of
      luteinizing hormone did not change significantly in any of the groups.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3708048
TI  - Lipoprotein-stimulated and estradiol-maintained progesterone secretion by
      dissociated rabbit luteal cells in vitro.
AB  - Elevated activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methyglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA
      reductase) was observed in the rabbit ovary and corpus luteum during pregnancy.
      Based on this study, it was proposed that de novo cholesterol synthesis rather
      than the uptake of exogenous plasma cholesterol (lipoproteins) was of primary
      importance in providing steroid substrate for progesterone synthesis by the
      rabbit luteal cell. Using a perifusion system, the present study challenges this
      hypothesis by demonstrating that both low- and high-density lipoproteins (at
      protein concentrations of 100 micrograms/ml and 50 micrograms/ml, respectively)
      were able to acutely stimulate progesterone production by dissociated rabbit
      luteal cells. The increase in progesterone synthesis was due to increased
      cholesterol substrate and not to protein-enhanced progesterone release. The
      ability of luteal cells to respond to lipoproteins was dependent on both dose-
      and sequence of treatment, with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) being unable to
      stimulate progesterone production if preceded by perifusion with low-density
      lipoprotein (LDL) or HDL. In addition, 17 beta-estradiol appeared to regulate
      lipoprotein utilization by attenuating the LDL response after 1 h of perifusion.
      We conclude that lipoproteins may provide cholesterol substrate for progesterone
      biosynthesis in vitro and that 17 beta-estradiol, in addition to maintaining
      progesterone production by luteal cells, may also regulate lipoprotein
      utilization. Thus, maintenance of steady progesterone secretion in response to
      estradiol supercedes that of LDL-stimulated progesterone secretion by rabbit
      luteal cells in vitro. This study suggests an interaction between estrogen and
      lipoproteins that may prove physiologically important in regulating progesterone
      production by rabbit luteal cells in vivo.

PMID- 3708049
TI  - Maternal influence on activity rhythms and reproductive development in Djungarian
      hamster pups.
AB  - Photoperiodism and entrainment of the circadian rhythm of locomotor activity were
      investigated in juvenile Djungarian hamsters. Animals were housed in simulated
      burrows. Activity was measured as the animal's emergence from a dark nest chamber
      into an outer box exposed to the room illumination. This burrow emergence
      activity exhibited marked circadian rhythmicity. Interactions between mother
      hamsters and their offspring were examined in the simulated burrow system. Male
      reproductive responses were determined by measuring testicular weights at the
      time of weaning. It was shown that photoperiodic information received between
      Days 1 and 15 of life failed to alter the rate of testicular development, but
      that after Day 15 testicular growth was photoperiod-dependent. The mother, when
      entrained to a long photoperiod, did not influence the photoperiodic responses of
      her pups when they were confined to a dark nest box. In contrast, the mother did
      influence the circadian entrainment patterns of her pups. Pups exhibited a well
      developed circadian activity rhythm at weaning with a phase angle roughly similar
      to that of the mother's activity rhythm. When the maternal rhythms were
      discrepant with photoperiod information received by the pups directly from the
      environment, the pups' activity rhythms were synchronized with the light/dark
      cycle rather than with the rhythm of their mother. Thus, it appears that although
      pups may first become entrained by maternal cues, they rapidly adjust to the
      environmental light cycle after leaving the nest.

PMID- 3708050
TI  - Maternal transfer of photoperiodic information influences the photoperiodic
      response of prepubertal Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus sungorus).
AB  - Daylengths during the spring are repeated in reverse order in the autumn. For
      some photoperiodic species, a given photoperiod may be stimulatory for
      reproduction in the spring and inhibitory in the autumn. The mechanisms
      regulating this type of seasonal response have, until recently, remained a
      mystery. Horton (1984a) showed in Microtus montanus that the photoperiod
      experienced by the mother influences the gonadal development of her young after
      weaning. To determine if this phenomenon is characteristic of other photoperiodic
      rodents, adult Djungarian hamsters were paired on 16L:8D, 14L:10D, or 12L:12D.
      Young males born from these pairings were killed at 15, 28, and 34 days of age to
      assess gonadal development (testes weight). At 15 days testicular development was
      identical in all groups; by 28 days, however, males raised in 16L:8D or 14L:10D
      exhibited a greater degree of testicular development than those raised in
      12L:12D. Next, females maintained on each of the three photoperiods throughout
      gestation were transferred, with their offspring, to the other two photoperiods
      at birth. Postnatal exposure to 14L:10D or 12L:12D inhibited testicular
      development in young that had been gestated on 16L:8D. Both 16L:8D and 14L:10D
      stimulated testicular growth in animals that had been gestated on 12L:12D or
      14L:10D. Therefore, a) 16L:8D stimulates testicular growth in all animals, b)
      12L:12D inhibits testicular growth in all animals, and c) the testicular response
      to 14L:10D depends on the photoperiod experienced by the mother during
      pregnancy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3708051
TI  - Local exchange of oxytocin from the ovarian vein to ovarian arteries in sheep.
AB  - Local transfer of 125I-labeled oxytocin from the ovarian vein to arteries
      supplying the ovary, the oviduct, and the tip of the uterine born has been
      investigated. In five sheep, 10 infusions of 125I-oxytocin over a period of 1 h
      were performed, and the concentration of labeled polypeptide in the peripheral
      plasma was compared to ovarian arterial plasma. During 2 consecutive infusions
      into each animal's ovarian vein, blood was collected simultaneously from the
      following sites: ovarian branch of the ovarian artery (OBOA), tubal branch of the
      ovarian artery (TBOA), uterine branch of the ovarian artery (UBOA), and from the
      jugular vein. In all experiments the concentration of 125I-oxytocin in ovarian
      arterial plasma was higher than in peripheral plasma. The ratio of ovarian
      artery/jugular vein for 125I-oxytocin was: OBOA 2.8, TBOA 1.8, UBOA 1.6. Based on
      a 4 ml/min blood flow through ovarian arteries supplying ovary, oviduct, and the
      tip of the uterine horn, the local transfer of the total amount of oxytocin
      infused was estimated to be about 1% (range: 0.1-4.4%). Analysis of variance did
      not reveal significant differences in the exchange ratios between OBOA, TBOA, and
      OBOA. However, the variances within these groups are significant, presumably
      because of anatomical variation in the degree of surface contact area between
      arteries and veins at the ovarian pedicle. It is concluded that polypeptides are
      locally recirculated to ovaries, oviduct, and the tip of the uterine horn in a
      higher concentration than is supplied by peripheral blood. This could provide a
      mechanism for local distribution and concentration of the ovarian peptides that
      regulate reproductive function.

PMID- 3708052
TI  - Stage-specific alterations in the apical membrane glycoproteins of endometrial
      epithelial cells related to implantation in rabbits.
AB  - The rabbit endometrial epithelium undergoes differentiation prior to the time of
      blastocyst implantation, including loss of surface negativity and a change in
      glycocalyx morphology. Nonpregnant (estrous) and pseudopregnant rabbits were used
      to study specific alterations in proteins and saccharide composition of the
      luminal epithelial membrane and its glycocalyx related to the acquisition of
      receptivity to implantation. Pregnant animals were used to study further
      modification of the luminal surface by implanting blastocysts. The apical surface
      of luminal epithelial cells was solubilized by a 15-min intraluminal incubation
      of 1% Triton X-100 containing protease inhibitors. Proteins in extract solutions
      were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS
      PAGE). Three new polypeptides (24 kDa, 42 kDa and 58 kDa) were identified in
      uteri from receptive rabbits. Binding of succinyl Wheat Germ Agglutinin (sWGA)
      and Ricinus communis Agglutinin (RCA-I) lectins to the 24 kDa and 42 kDa
      components on Western blots of extracts separated by SDS-PAGE identified them as
      glycoproteins. Additionally, other polypeptides (26 kDa, 80-86 kDa and 145 kDa)
      showed changes in affinity for WGA, RCA-I or concanavalin A (Con A), depending on
      the hormonal state. Correlating with these findings was an increased binding of
      these lectins to intact nonciliated cells in uteri of receptive rabbits compared
      to estrous animals; ciliated cells bound Dolichos biflorus Agglutinin (DBA)
      specifically, regardless of the hormonal condition. Treatment of uteri from
      estrous animals, or Western blots of proteins from these animals, with
      neuraminidase prior to lectin exposure suggested the presence of glycoproteins
      having a sialic acid-D-galactose terminus in nonreceptive rabbits. Reduced
      binding of lectin to intact cells at implantation sites and to blots of proteins
      isolated from these sites, compared to nonimplantation sites, was noted. These
      results provide evidence for stage-specific alterations in protein and saccharide
      composition of the apical surface of endometrial epithelium prior to
      implantation, and indicate that implanting blastocysts further modify the luminal
      surface.

PMID- 3708053
TI  - Nuclear transplantation in mouse embryos: assessment of recipient cell stage.
AB  - Enucleated zygotes were compared with enucleated two-cell embryos as recipients
      for donor nuclei from eight-cell embryos. Only one or two cleavage divisions were
      observed when eight-cell nuclei were transplanted to enucleated zygotes.
      Development of enucleated two-cell embryos containing a transplanted eight-cell
      nucleus was appreciably better with 51% (45/89) of the embryos forming
      blastocysts in vitro and 42% (25/60) initiating implantation. Of these, eleven
      implantation sites on Day 10 of gestation were examined histologically and two
      contained normally developing embryos. No development was observed beyond Day 12
      of gestation. These observations indicate that a major transition occurs between
      the zygote and two-cell stage that results in the two-cell recipient being more
      compatible with the eight-cell nucleus than with the zygote.

PMID- 3708054
TI  - Decidual prolactin production by organ cultures of human endometrium: effects of
      continuous and intermittent progesterone treatment.
AB  - Explants of human endometrium were cultured in serum-free nutrient medium and the
      effects of continuous and intermittent progesterone treatment on decidual
      prolactin (dPRL) production compared. The synthesis of dPRL was induced in
      cultures of proliferative and secretory endometrium when progesterone (50 ng/ml)
      was added to the medium. The amount of dPRL produced by these cultures increased
      gradually during 41 days of continuous progesterone treatment. When progesterone
      was provided for only the first 14 days of a 28-day cycle, dPRL production
      continued to increase during the first wk of culture in the absence of exogenous
      hormone and then began to decline. A similar pattern was elicited during a second
      28-day cycle. Explants of endometrium fixed for histologic examination after
      either continuous or intermittent progesterone treatment contained large
      "decidualized" stromal cells. These findings indicate that progesterone can
      induce and maintain decidualization and dPRL synthesis in organ cultures of human
      endometrium, dPRL production increases immediately after progesterone is
      withdrawn, and long-term dPRL production is not maintained in the absence or
      progesterone.

PMID- 3708055
TI  - Ovarian tumors not induced by irradiation and gonadotropins in hypogonadal (hpg)
      mice.
AB  - Hypogonadal (hpg/hpg) mice deficient in gonadotropin-releasing hormone were used
      to study gonadotropin involvement in ovarian tumorigenesis following gamma
      irradiation. In the first experiment, 30-day-old hpg/hpg and normal (+/-)
      littermate mice were irradiated. The same mice were killed 10-15 mo later, and
      autopsies were performed. Ovaries of irradiated hpg/hpg mice were devoid of
      oocytes, but retained follicular structures. Neither mesothelial adenomas nor
      granulosa cell tumors were observed. In contrast, all irradiated +/- mice formed
      mesothelial adenomas or granulosa cell tumors, or both. Therefore, oocyte death
      in the absence of gonadotropins did not initiate ovarian tumorigenesis. In the
      second experiment, irradiated and nonirradiated hpg/hpg and +/- mice were
      injected 3 times weekly for 180 days with either low or high doses of pregnant
      mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in
      combination. Irradiation reduced ovarian mass and markedly reduced ovarian weight
      increase in response to exogenous gonadotropins. Follicular dissolution and
      stromal cell hypertrophy were observed in saline-treated and gonadotropin-treated
      +/- mice that had been irradiated, and in hpg/hpg mice given the high
      gonadotropin dose. Mesothelial adenoma formation was observed in 100% of saline
      treated, 14% of low dose-treated, and 11% of high dose-treated +/- mice. No
      mesothelial adenomas developed in any hpg/hpg or nonirradiated +/- mice, despite
      gonadotropin-induced stromal luteinization. These results indicate that, in the
      absence of gonadotropins, irradiation leads only to the loss of oocytes. The
      presence of gonadotropins was necessary to promote follicular dissolution and
      stromal luteinization, but was insufficient to stimulate mesothelial adenoma
      formation.

PMID- 3708056
TI  - Inhibition of testicular development and feminization of the male genitalia by
      neonatal estrogen treatment in a marsupial.
AB  - Differentiation of the mammalian gonad is thought to be constitutive, occurring
      independently of and not significantly altered by gonadal hormones. In this
      study, estradiol benzoate (EB) and testosterone propionate (TP) were administered
      to newborn gray opossums (Monodelphis domestica) during the first week after
      birth. It was found that males and females treated with TP and females treated
      with EB developed normally. In males treated with EB on both Day 1 and Day 3 of
      postnatal life, gonads did not differentiate and internal and external genitalia
      were feminine. These findings are discussed with respect to current theories of
      mammalian sexual differentiation.

PMID- 3708057
TI  - Fertilized and unfertilized ova are transported at different rates by the hamster
      oviduct.
AB  - To determine if the egg provides any clues for the regulation of ovum transport
      in the hamster, oocyte and embryo transport were compared. On the evening
      preceding ovulation, the animals were randomly assigned to one of five groups.
      They were caged overnight with a male of proven fertility (Group 1) or they were
      isolated (Group 2). Other females were artificially inseminated in both uterine
      horns at 2200 h either with fertile epididymal spermatozoa (Group 3), spermatozoa
      rendered infertile by freezing and thawing (Group 4), or with fertile spermatozoa
      in one uterine horn and infertile spermatozoa in the contralateral horn (Group
      5). The number, condition, and distribution of ova in the genital tract were
      assessed at various intervals during the next 4 days. The rate of fertilization
      and normal development in females or sides inseminated with fertile or infertile
      spermatozoa was over 90% and 0% respectively. Embryos in Groups 1 and 3 reached
      the uterus 1 day earlier than unfertilized oocytes in Groups 2 and 4. In group 5,
      the transport of embryos resulting from insemination with fertile spermatozoa
      followed a pattern similar to those in Groups 1 and 3; the oocytes in the
      contralateral tract resembled those of Groups 2 and 4. The different transport
      rates of embryos and oocytes were not associated with the reproductive state of
      the female but with the condition of the ova. Moreover, the different transport
      rates were observed in animals transporting the two types of eggs simultaneously
      on different sides indicating that there is a local recognition of some
      unidentified factor unequally present in fertilized and unfertilized eggs.

PMID- 3708058
TI  - Nineteenth annual meeting of the Society for the Study of Reproduction. Ithaca,
      New York, July 14-17, 1986. Abstracts.

PMID- 3708059
TI  - The bonding of Bioglass to a cobalt-chromium surgical implant alloy.
AB  - A biocompatible composite implant system was developed by coating Bioglass onto
      cobalt-chromium alloy substrates. Strong bonding between glass and metal was
      obtained by immersion of preoxidized implants into molten Bioglass under
      controlled conditions. The thin, adherent Bioglass coating provides the
      capability of bonding directly to bone, while the underlying metal substrate
      gives the composite implants sufficient strength to be used in load bearing
      applications.

PMID- 3708060
TI  - The development of acid-base reaction cements as formulations for the controlled
      release of trace elements.
AB  - Novel acid-base reaction cements have been developed for use as controlled
      release formulations. Many new ones have been discovered and assessed; these
      include those which are capable of releasing copper, cobalt or selenium singly or
      in combination. A selection was made of the most suitable formulations for this
      purpose and these were subjected to field trials.

PMID- 3708061
TI  - Mechanical performance of a work hardened pointed surgical wire.
AB  - The design and material properties of a surgical wire have been enhanced to
      improve its performance in surgery. One blunt end of the wire has been honed to a
      point to decrease the axial compressive force required to penetrate tissue. In
      addition, its sharp end has been work hardened to increase its yield strength.
      The mechanical performance of this wire has been characterized by a series of in
      vitro experiments and a clinical trial.

PMID- 3708062
TI  - Bioactive polymers XXXIII. Synthesis and evaluation of some pharmacological
      characteristics of chloramphenicol immobilized on Biozan R.
AB  - The coupling of chloramphenicol on Biozan R (Hercules) by activation with
      dicyclohexylcarbodiimide was studied. The esterification is influenced by the
      chloramphenicol/dicyclohexylcarbodiimide ratio, concentration of the reactants
      and reaction time. The Biozan R-chloramphenicol system containing 15%
      chloramphenicol was used to obtain ophthalmic ointments. They were studied from
      the point of view of their physicochemical and biological properties. Tests were
      performed on animals and volunteers to establish the ophthalmic tolerance; some
      clinical observations on treated eyes were also made.

PMID- 3708063
TI  - Biomembranes as models for polymer surfaces. II. The syntheses of reactive
      species for covalent coupling of phosphorylcholine to polymer surfaces.
AB  - We have proposed previously that the biocompatibility of biomaterial surfaces
      might be improved by mimicking the phospholipid components which are present on
      the external faces of cellular plasma membranes. This approach may have
      particular relevance to the generation of haemocompatible surfaces, since the
      distributional asymmetry of phospholipids in the plasma membranes of blood cells
      is critical to the maintenance of haemostasis. The simplest feature common to the
      external faces of essentially all the mammalian plasma membranes investigated so
      far is the high content of the electrically neutral, but zwitterionic,
      phosphorylcholine. The present communication describes the syntheses of a group
      of novel reactive species capable of covalently linking phosphorylcholine to a
      variety of polymer surfaces.

PMID- 3708064
TI  - Biomembranes as models for polymer surfaces. III. Characterization of a
      phosphorylcholine surface covalently bound to glass.
AB  - A surface layer of phosphorylcholine has been chemically linked with the surface
      hydroxyl groups present on glass and silica by reaction with mono- and
      bifunctional reagents. Evidence for the structural integrity of the deposited
      group was provided by the equimolar association of phosphorus and choline with
      the reacted surfaces. Modified glass surfaces yielded contact angles which are
      consistent with those found previously for other models of biological membranes.
      Covalent modification of the treated surfaces was demonstrated by i.r.
      spectroscopy via the removal of surface hydroxyl groups. The modified surfaces
      were thermostable at temperatures up to 375 degrees C for extended periods. The
      relevance of these results to the generation of new biomaterials is discussed.

PMID- 3708065
TI  - A comparative study of different beta-whitlockite ceramics in rabbit cortical
      bone with regard to their biodegradation behaviour.
AB  - Different beta-whitlockite ceramic cylinders of standard size were implanted in
      the tibiae of rabbits to study the influence of micropores and chemistry on the
      biodegradation rate. The materials were evaluated by radiography and light
      microscopy. Surface chemistry was varied by the addition of impurities, while
      different applied pressures before sintering and different sintering temperatures
      gave rise to different micropores. Both factors influenced the biodegradation
      rate.

PMID- 3708066
TI  - A preliminary investigation of the electrochemical properties of a nitrided
      stainless steel for dental applications.
AB  - A comparison has been made of the electrochemical behaviour of investment cast
      coupons of a 20Cr, 25Ni, Ti stabilized stainless steel (in the nitrided and un
      nitrided conditions) with a cobalt-chromium alloy in order to make a preliminary
      assessment from the point of view of corrosion of the nitrided material for
      dental and other biomedical applications. Electrochemical tests have been carried
      out in vitro in artificial saliva and in Ringer's solution, with some additional
      tests carried out in natural saliva. Both the potential-time behaviour and the
      magnitude of the breakdown potential on anodic polarization suggest that the
      protective properties of the passivating film are substantially improved in the
      case of the nitrided stainless steel alloy.

PMID- 3708067
TI  - Characterization of plasma polymerized polypropylene coatings.
AB  - Propylene was polymerized at low pressure in a radio frequency plasma reactor.
      The plasma polymerized propylene (PPP) films were insoluble in toluene. Thermal
      analysis of PPP showed no phase transition took place up to 255 degrees C. From
      these results, it was concluded that PPP is a highly crosslinked polymer. To
      further characterize the deposited PPP, Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR)
      spectroscopy in the attenuated total reflection (ATR) mode was used. The
      deposited material was shown to be polymerized propylene as a spectrum of the
      material showed absorption bands characteristic of polypropylene.

PMID- 3708068
TI  - Laboratory development of a method of attaching ceramic femoral heads to metal
      stems.
AB  - A method of attaching ceramic femoral heads to metal stems has been developed and
      tested in the laboratory. Impact tests, fatigue tests in Ringer's solution at
      body temperature, and tests of the strength of fixation of head to stem, suggest
      that the method offers significant advantages over the taper-fit method of
      attachment.

PMID- 3708069
TI  - Indirect measurement technique for a portable artificial heart drive system.

PMID- 3708070
TI  - Timing latency in computerized flow sorting.

PMID- 3708071
TI  - A microprocessor-based digital waveform synthesizer for low audio and subaudio
      frequencies.

PMID- 3708072
TI  - Unsteady velocity measurements by NMR.

PMID- 3708073
TI  - Measurement techniques for magnetocardiography using a second order gradiometer.

PMID- 3708074
TI  - Phase spectral estimates of electrical activity of the rat brain during the
      estrus cycle.

PMID- 3708075
TI  - Microcomputer monitor in the neurosurgery intensive care unit.

PMID- 3708076
TI  - A case for stochastic muscle forces during saccadic eye movements.

PMID- 3708077
TI  - Evoked potential monitoring of the motor system.

PMID- 3708078
TI  - Spectral non-stationarities of slow wave field potentials in the rat brain
      related to the estrus cycle.

PMID- 3708079
TI  - A study of attention as manifested by event-related desynchronization in the
      alpha band.

PMID- 3708080
TI  - Controller for a high-performance prehensor.

PMID- 3708081
TI  - Rheoscopic investigation of red cell deformability in sickle cell anemia.

PMID- 3708083
TI  - Ion implantation for implantable devices.

PMID- 3708082
TI  - Correlation of heart rate with an intravenous, impedance, respiratory sensor.

PMID- 3708084
TI  - Neuro-muscular control about the knee: instrumentation.

PMID- 3708085
TI  - Biomechanical behavior of the scapholunate ligament.

PMID- 3708086
TI  - Mossbauer spectroscopic studies of hemoglobin and its isolated subunits.
AB  - Samples of 90% enriched 57Fe hemoglobin and its isolated subunits have been
      prepared. Mossbauer spectroscopic measurements have been made on three such
      samples. Sample one contained contributions of oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin,
      and carbonmonoxyhemoglobin. This sample was studied from a temperature of 90 K
      down to 230 mK. Measurements were also made at 4.2 K using a small applied
      magnetic field of 1.0 T. In general, the measured quadrupole splittings and
      isomer shifts for each component agreed with previous measurements on single
      component samples in the literature, and thus demonstrated that chemically
      enriched hemoglobin has not been altered. The second and third samples were
      isolated alpha and beta subunits, respectively. We have found measurable
      Mossbauer spectral differences between the HbO2 sites in the alpha subunit sample
      and the beta subunit sample. The measured Mossbauer spectral areas indicate that
      the iron ion has the largest mean-square displacement at the deoxy Hb sites as
      compared to that at the oxy- and carbonmonoxy Hb sites. The mean-square
      displacement at the HbO2 sites is the smallest.

PMID- 3708087
TI  - Effect of fluctuating surface structure and free energy on the growth of linear
      tubular aggregates.
AB  - Simple linear tubular aggregates with up to eight strands are studied
      theoretically at equilibrium and under conditions of steady growth or shortening.
      The surface structure and free energy at an end of the polymer fluctuate as a
      consequence of the gain or loss of individual subunits. The surface free energy
      governs the probability distribution of surface structures at equilibrium. At
      steady state, on and off rate constants are crucial for this purpose; these
      depend on the gain or loss of neighbor interactions at the polymer end when a
      subunit is gained or lost. The observed on and off rate constants are averages of
      microscopic rate constants. A consequence of this is that the subunit flux onto
      the polymer end is, in general, not a linear function of the free subunit
      concentration, as is usually assumed. Monte Carlo calculations are needed at
      steady state for three or more strands. The general approach can be applied to
      microtubules, which have 13 strands. Actin is a special case, included here, with
      two strands.

PMID- 3708088
TI  - Distribution of Henle's loops may enhance urine concentrating capability.
AB  - A simple mathematical model that was developed by Charles S. Peskin (unpublished
      manuscript) for a single nephron is introduced and then extended to reflect the
      decreasing loop of Henle population as a function of increasing medullary depth.
      In the model, if all the loops turn at the same depth, the concentrating
      capability is limited by a factor of e over plasma osmolality. However, a
      decreasing loop population causes a multiplier effect that greatly enhances the
      concentrating capability. Using the loop distribution of the rat, the model
      produces a sigmoidal osmolality profile similar to the profiles found in tissue
      slice studies of rat kidneys. These model calculations suggest that the
      decreasing nephron population found in vivo may be an important factor in the
      concentrating mechanism of the mammalian kidney.

PMID- 3708089
TI  - Determining bilayer hydrocarbon thickness from neutron diffraction measurements
      using strip-function models.
AB  - Neutron diffraction methods provide information about the distribution of matter
      in biological and model membrane systems. The information is derived from plots
      (profiles) of scattering length density along an axis normal to the membrane
      plane. Without the use of specific deuteration, the generally low resolution of
      the profiles limits their interpretation in terms of specific chemical
      constituents (e.g., lipid headgroup, lipid hydrocarbon, protein, and water). A
      fundamental and useful structural assignment to make is the boundary between the
      headgroup and hydrocarbon regions of bilayers. We demonstrate here that strip
      function model representations of neutron scattering length density profiles of
      bilayers are sufficient to determine accurately the position of the headgroup
      hydrocarbon boundary. The resulting hydrocarbon thickness of the bilayer is
      useful for determining the area per lipid molecule and consequently the molecular
      packing arrangements of the membrane constituents. We analyze data obtained from
      dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) bilayers at 66% RH using standard Fourier
      profile analyses and from DOPC deuterated specifically at the C-2 carbon of the
      acyl chains using difference Fourier analysis. We demonstrate that strip-function
      models accurately define the positions of the C-2 carbons and thus the
      hydrocarbon thickness (dhc) of the bilayer. We then show, using quasi-molecular
      models, that the strip-model analysis probably provides an accurate measure of
      dhc because of the exceptionally high scattering length density difference
      between the carbonyl and methylene groups.

PMID- 3708090
TI  - Red blood cell orientation in orbit C = 0.
AB  - Two modes of behavior of single human red cells in a shear field have been
      described. It is known that in low viscosity media and at shear rates less than
      20 s-1, the cells rotate with a periodically varying angular velocity, in accord
      with the theory of Jeffery (1922) for oblate spheroids. In media of viscosity
      greater than approximately 5 mPa s and sufficiently high shear rates, the cells
      align themselves at a constant angle to the direction of flow with the membrane
      undergoing tank-tread motion. Also, in low viscosity media, as the shear rate is
      increased, more and more cells lie in the plane of shear, undergoing spin with
      their axes of symmetry aligned with the vorticity axis of the shear field in an
      orbit "C = 0" (Goldsmith and Marlow, 1972). We have explored this latter
      phenomenon using two experimental methods. First, the erythrocytes were observed
      in the rheoscope and their diameters measured. Forward light scattering patterns
      were correlated with the red cell orientation mode. Light flux variations after
      flow onset or stop were measured, and the characteristic times of erythrocyte
      orientation and disorientation were assessed. The characteristic time of
      erythrocyte orientation in Orbit C = 0 is proportional to the inverse of the
      shear rate. The corresponding coefficient of proportionality depends on the
      suspending medium viscosity eta o. The disorientation time tau D, after flow has
      been stopped, is such that the ratio tau D/eta o is independent of the initial
      applied shear stress. However, tau D is much shorter than one would expect if
      pure Brownian motion were involved. The proportion of erythrocytes in orbit C = 0
      was also measured. It was found that this proportion is a function of both the
      shear rate and eta o. At low values of eta o, the proportion increases with
      increasing shear rate and then reaches a plateau. For higher values of eta o (5
      to 10 mPa s), the proportion of RBC in orbit C = 0 is a decreasing function of
      the shear stress. A critical transition between orbit C = 0 and parallel
      alignment was observed at high values of eta o, when the shear stress is on the
      order of 1 N/m2. Finally, the effect of altering membrane viscoelastic properties
      (by heat or diamide treatment) was tested. The proportion of oriented cells is a
      steep decreasing function of red cell rigidity.

PMID- 3708091
TI  - pH-dependent absorption in the B and Q bands of oxyhemoglobin and chemically
      modified oxyhemoglobin (BME) at low Cl- concentrations.
AB  - We have measured the optical absorbance in the maxima of the Q and B bands for
      oxyhemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin (BME) in dependence on the pH value of the
      solution in the region between pH 4.4 and pH 10. From the absorbance data optical
      titration curves are derived for both bands. These yield for oxyhemoglobin pK
      values 4.3, 5.3, 6.8, 7.8, and 9.0, whereas for oxyhemoglobin (BME) only one pK
      value at 4.3 is observed. These data are in good agreement to those derived
      recently from resonance Raman spectroscopy. The changes of the oscillator
      strengths in the Q bands are interpreted in terms of Gouterman's four-orbital
      model to arise from A1g-distortions of the heme group, resulting from changes of
      the heme-apoprotein interactions due to protonation processes of amino acid-side
      groups in the beta-chains. The difference between the sets of pK values in
      oxyhemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin BME is explained from the fact that the
      bifunctional reagent BME blocks important pathways of heme-apoprotein
      interactions. The fact that in any case increase of the Q band absorbance is
      accompanied by a corresponding increase in the B band absorbance leads us to the
      conclusion that the electronic structure of the B bands has to be described in
      terms of a six-orbital model, taking into account configurational interaction
      with the L and N bands.

PMID- 3708093
TI  - Theoretical study of a model for the ATP cap at the end of an actin filament.
AB  - The model used successfully by Pantaloni et al. to fit experimental data on
      steady-state actin polymerization is investigated theoretically. Many properties
      are deduced, as functions of the free subunit concentration. The model is simple
      enough so that one can examine analytically the question of whether actin shows
      the same dramatic phase changes associated with the GTP cap in microtubules. The
      answer is negative, judging from this model. However, it is possible to obtain
      such phase changes using the same model but with quite different, hypothetical
      choices of parameters. Thus, aside from its application to actin, this model is
      useful pedagogically to illustrate the nature of phase changes that may occur at
      the end of a steady-state polymer.

PMID- 3708092
TI  - Correspondence of the pK values of oxyHb-titration states detected by resonance
      Raman scattering to kinetic data of ligand dissociation and association.
AB  - The dispersion of the depolarization ratio of oxidation and spinmarker lines of
      oxyhemoglobin at low C1- concentration (less than 0.08 M) have been examined for
      different pH values in the acid and alkaline region. Interpreting the
      depolarization ratio dispersion curves by fifth order Loudon theory of the
      polarizibility tensor, we obtain tensor parameters depending linearly on symmetry
      classified distortions of the functional hemegroup. The pH dependence of these
      parameters are explained by assuming the influence of three titrable groups with
      pK = 7.8, 6.6, and 5.8 on the heme. Using these pK values, we are able to
      interpret the pH dependence of CO(O2)-dissociation and CO-association of the
      fourth hemoglobin subunit. We conclude from our measurements that the change of
      the Tyr HC2 beta-configuration induces heme-apoprotein interaction via the Tyr
      HC2 beta-Val FG5 beta H-bond, which are transduced to the heme via central and
      peripheral coupling.

PMID- 3708094
TI  - Simultaneous analysis of multiple fluorescence decay curves by Laplace
      transforms. Deconvolution with reference or excitation profiles.
AB  - The properties and potentials of the noniterative Laplace deconvolution (LAP2)
      (M. Ameloot and H. Hendrickx, Biophys. J. 44 (1983) 27) are further investigated.
      It is shown that LAP2 is exact and that no extrapolations have to be calculated
      or assumed for the data measured in the actual time window if the impulse
      response function of the investigated system can be described by a sum of
      exponentials. The formulas for the LAP2 deconvolution against the measured decay
      of a reference compound instead of the recorded excitation profile are derived.
      The procedure for the simultaneous analysis of multiple fluorescence decay curves
      by LAP2 is described in detail. This global analysis allows one to link any decay
      parameter, is fast and compares favorably with the nonlinear least-squares
      iterative reconvolution methods. Because of its short computation time the global
      analysis by LAP2 provides an efficient way to analyze the fluorescence decay
      surface in terms of decay associated spectra.

PMID- 3708095
TI  - The thermodynamics of calcium binding to thermolysin.
AB  - Calcium binding isotherms were determined for thermolysin in the range pH 5.6
      10.5, and from 5 to 45 degrees C. An extensive statistical analysis of the
      binding data suggests that at least two of the four binding sites bind Ca2+ with
      complete positive cooperativity and independently of the other two. Nonlinear
      regression analysis of the binding data was used to calculate cooperative (K1)
      and independent (K2) binding constants for the four calcium sites. Thermodynamic
      parameters obtained from a van't Hoff analysis indicate that calcium binding to
      both cooperative and independent sites is an entropy-driven process. At pH 7.0,
      delta H1 = 90.4 kJ/mol; delta H2 = 97.5 kJ/mol; delta S1 = 456 J K-1 mol-1; delta
      S2 = 262 J K-1 mol-1. These results are compared to those obtained for other
      calcium-binding proteins. An analysis of the pH dependence of the calcium binding
      constants indicates that the binding of four protons at the cooperative site and
      one to two protons at the independent sites, modulates the calcium affinity. This
      confirms an earlier structural assignment of the double-site as the locus of the
      two cooperatively binding Ca2+. Calcium binding to thermolysin is enhanced in the
      presence of an active site directed inhibitor, suggesting that there may be
      positive cooperativity between substrate and calcium binding.

PMID- 3708096
TI  - Self-sustained oscillations of electric potential in a model membrane.
AB  - A model membrane constructed from a Millipore filter, whose pores are filled with
      dioleyl phosphate molecules, exhibits a self-oscillation of the electric
      potential with a period of about a few seconds in the presence of a salt
      concentration difference, pressure difference and/or electric current across the
      filter. In this paper, the effects of chemicals such as KCl, CaCl2, pH and
      sucrose on the self-oscillation are investigated experimentally. These chemical
      substances are shown to alter the characteristic properties as the frequency of
      oscillation. Theoretical consideration of electrochemical interaction between
      these substances and DOPH molecules gives a fairly good explanation of the
      observed results.

PMID- 3708097
TI  - Chemoreception of sugars by an excitable liquid membrane.
AB  - Studies were made on electrical oscillations across a liquid membrane consisting
      of an oil layer, nitrobenzene containing picric acid, between two aqueous layers.
      This system showed sustained rhythmic oscillations of electrical potential of 200
      300 mV with intervals in the order of 1 min. It was found that the histogram of
      frequency of oscillations was characteristic depending on the structures of the
      sugars. The histograms of glucose, fructose, galactose and sorbose showed a
      single maximum whereas those of sorbitol and mannitol showed double maxima.

PMID- 3708098
TI  - A cooperative model for ligand binding to biological macromolecules as applied to
      oxygen carriers.
AB  - This paper presents a model describing the thermodynamics of cooperative ligand
      binding to multimeric biological macromolecules and integrating some of the
      features of the two-state and induced-fit models. The protein is taken to be
      partitioned into a number of noninteracting functional constellations, each one
      existing in two possible quaternary conformations. Furthermore, the model
      postulates that a functional constellation is organized in several subsets of
      sites (called cooperons), in which subunits interact according to an induced-fit
      mechanism. In the present version the number of subunits forming a cooperon has
      been limited to two and the total number of parameters used for fitting
      experimental data is four, all having a precise physical meaning. Although the
      present application is limited to oxygen-carrying proteins (hemoglobins,
      hemocyanins, erythrocruorins), the model appears suitable to describe other
      biological macromolecules with functional interactions.

PMID- 3708099
TI  - Critical change of ion conductance and self-sustained potential oscillation in
      artificial membrane systems.
AB  - A change in conductance of an artificial membrane at a threshold concentration of
      environmental salt solution was interpreted in terms of a change in adsorptive
      reaction rate on the interface which was derived from an autocatalytic reaction
      model. The model also accounted for a self-sustained potential oscillation which
      was observed when the salt concentration of one side of the membrane was higher
      than the threshold mentioned above and that of the other side lower.

PMID- 3708100
TI  - 23Na-NMR studies of Na+ interaction with human red cell membranes from
      normotensives and hypertensives.
AB  - Na+ interaction with unsealed human red cell ghosts has been studied by 23Na-NMR
      relaxation rate (R1) measurements. Data on a total of nine subjects including
      seven volunteer normotensives (NBP) and two untreated hypertensives (HBP) are
      presented. Qualitative treatment of the data gives information on the dynamic
      behavior of Na+ undergoing fast exchange between the free and bound states. The
      excess longitudinal relaxation rate (delta R)-1 plotted against total [Na+],
      known as the James-Noggle plot, exhibits different behavior for NBP and HBP
      ghosts, with a relatively low binding constant of approx. 100 M-1 for HBP (p less
      than 0.025) compared to a high constant of 500-1000 M-1 for NBP. To associate our
      NMR data with membrane-bound (Na+ + K+)-ATPase, 23Na relaxation rates were
      measured in the presence of 5 mM ouabain. James-Noggle plots constructed for
      ouabain-sensitive excess relaxation rates show the binding for NBP to be even
      high affinity (greater than 10(3) M-1) but low capacity. These data may suggest
      that for a given amount of intracellular Na+, the binding affinity could
      determine the distribution of Na+ between the membrane and cytoplasm, and that
      the (Na+ + K+)-ATPase which is primarily responsible for the Na+ affinity might
      assume an abnormal transport mechanism in HBP membranes.

PMID- 3708101
TI  - Aggregation and ion transfer induced by tentoxin.
AB  - It is shown that tentoxin, a cyclic tetrapeptide with two N-methylated residues,
      is able, when added to lipid bilayers, to increase the transmembrane current
      through discrete events. Conformational investigations involving 1H-NMR, infrared
      and circular dichroism studies show that, at concentrations above 7 X 10(-5) M,
      the cyclic tetrapeptide aggregates in chloroform. We suggest that the aggregates
      could form a pore through a stacking of cycles.

PMID- 3708102
TI  - Theoretical studies on the interaction of proteins and nucleic acids. I. The
      binding of beta-pleated sheets to A- and B-DNA.
AB  - A theoretical investigation of the interaction between a beta-ribbon consisting
      of two glycine hexapeptides and DNA in its A and B conformations is presented. A
      refined semi-empirical energy formula and a sophisticated energy minimization
      technique are used to optimize the complex, taking into account the DNA-beta
      ribbon interaction, the full flexibility of the oligopeptide chains and of the
      positions of the DNA screening counterions. A considerable flexibility of the
      beta-ribbon is demonstrated, which allows the polypeptide fragment to interact
      comfortably with both forms of DNA considered and with different base-pair
      sequences. The results are discussed in connection with the general problem of
      DNA-protein recognition.

PMID- 3708103
TI  - Spectral characterization of ciliary beating. Biological meaning of the spectral
      linewidth.
AB  - The ciliary beating frequency in tissue culture from frog palate and lung was
      examined optically. Consecutive segments of the analog signal were then fast
      Fourier transformed (FFT). The optical signals were measured as a function of the
      number of cilia by varying the examined area from 1.2 to 122 micron 2. The
      frequency of the maximum power of the spectra was independent of the measured
      area, while the line shape of the spectra and distribution of the main
      frequencies were strongly dependent on the dimensions of the area examined. The
      possibility that the width of the measured spectral peak reflects both the
      distribution of the beating frequencies and the distribution of the phases within
      the examined area is discussed.

PMID- 3708104
TI  - Effect of NaCl on the association of thrombin with heparin.

PMID- 3708105
TI  - Halogenated nucleic acids: effects of 5-fluorouracil on the conformation and
      properties of a polyribonucleotide and its constituents.

PMID- 3708106
TI  - Macroscopic polarity of connective tissue is due to discrete polar structures.

PMID- 3708107
TI  - On an exact starting expression for macromolecular hydrodynamic models.

PMID- 3708108
TI  - The relationship of bound water to the IR amide I bandwidth of albumin.

PMID- 3708109
TI  - Sequential polypeptides containing arginine as histone models: synthesis and
      conformational studies.

PMID- 3708110
TI  - Sequence-dependent conformations of DNA duplexes: the TATA segment of the d(G-G-T
      A-T-A-C-C) duplex in aqueous solution.

PMID- 3708111
TI  - 2'5'-linked polynucleotides do form a double-stranded helical structure: a result
      from the energy minimization study of A2'p5'A.

PMID- 3708112
TI  - Irritable bowel syndrome. Definitions and epidemiology.
AB  - Irritable bowel syndrome affects up to 20% of the population, is more common in
      females and is one of the commonest disorders dealt with by gastroenterologists.
      It is now recognised that the disorder is not confined to the colon and can give
      rise to a wide variety of different symptoms.

PMID- 3708114
TI  - The endogenous secretion rate of human calcitonin in normal conditions.
AB  - This paper presents a study on secretion rate for calcitonin in normal healthy
      subjects, evaluated by an indirect method. A specific radioimmunoassay for
      monomeric calcitonin was used and the obtained results are lower than those
      reported by Kanis in 1982. In normal healthy subjects the secretion rate for
      calcitonin is 1.4 MRC U/day, i.e. ten times less than the value calculated by
      Kanis. These results will be able to clarify the role of calcitonin and its
      effects in normal conditions and in several osteoarticular and metabolic bone
      diseases.

PMID- 3708113
TI  - Non-random acquisition of ethionine resistance by Chinese hamster fibroblasts.
      Appendix: acquisition of thermoresistance.
AB  - When cells from a single culture are physically separated into cultures exposed
      and unexposed to the drug, respectively, the cells in the unexposed culture
      acquire drug resistance at a rate that is much higher than that predicted by
      Poisson's law. The results are in conflict with the spontaneous mutation
      hypothesis of Luria and Delbruck. Appendix: cells grown at 37 degrees C acquire
      temperature resistance when their close relatives are exposed to a high
      temperature in separate cultures.

PMID- 3708115
TI  - Psychological aspects of irritable bowel syndrome.
AB  - Patients with irritable bowel syndrome appear to suffer from more psychiatric
      disorders than control subjects although it remains to be established whether
      this is cause or effect. The chronic nature of the condition in conjunction with
      unsympathetic encounters with the medical profession often serves to exacerbate
      the situation.

PMID- 3708116
TI  - Reduced membrane sialic acid contents of the erythrocytes after heart valve
      replacement with prosthetic devices.
AB  - Mild traumatic hemolysis due to heart valve prosthesis was investigated in three
      groups of patients with different prosthesis device (tilting disc, ball valve)
      inserted in aortic area, or in mitral area. By routine laboratory tests, an
      increased but not remarkable erythrocyte destruction was evidenced. On the other
      hand, the content of membrane sialic acid of the erythrocytes was determined in
      patient and control groups in order to give evidence of membrane damage induced
      by the prosthetic device. The mean value of sialic acid in the patient groups was
      significantly lower than in controls. These findings may suggest that mechanical
      damage on the red blood cell (RBC) membrane could be associated with the decrease
      of the membrane sialic acid content. It is briefly discussed whether the observed
      low contents of RBC sialic acid may somehow explain the decreased RBC lifespan
      which is frequently reported in these patients.

PMID- 3708117
TI  - The effects of the anti-enteroviral agent PTU-23 on immune response in normal
      mice.
AB  - The anti-enteroviral agent PTU-23 (N-phenyl-N'-3-hydroxyphenyl carbamide) was
      tested for an effect on humoral and cellular immune response in normal BD2F1
      hybrid mice. Humoral immune response was assessed by hemolytic plaque technique
      and cellular immunity--by the delayed type hypersensitivity reaction and by the
      rate of activated lymphocytes in the mesenteric lymph nodes. PTU-23 was
      administered subcutaneously in doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight during
      6 consecutive days. The immune response was recorded on day 1, 7 and 14 after the
      treatment. The changes observed in humoral and cellular immunity were found to be
      dependent on the time interval between the administration of the drug and of the
      antigen (sheep red blood cells), as well as dose-dependent. On day 1 a
      considerable suppression of humoral and cellular immune response was recorded at
      the three dose levels used. On day 7 the inhibition of humoral and cellular
      immunity was less. On day 14 the immune response in the animals treated with 400
      and 800 mg/kg of the tested substance approached the control values, whereas it
      was observed that the dose of 200 mg/kg results in a certain stimulation of
      humoral and cellular immune response.

PMID- 3708118
TI  - Relationship between plasma propranolol concentration and dose in young, healthy
      volunteers.
AB  - The relationship between dose and bioavailability of propranolol was determined
      in 12 healthy male subjects. The doses employed were 10, 40, 80 or 160 mg of
      propranolol HCl given three times daily for 4 days. Daily minimum plasma levels
      showed that there was no accumulation of the drug. In all subjects, non-linear
      relationships were observed between peak plasma level, or area under the plasma
      concentration-time curve, and dose. The between subject variation of these
      parameters was not dose related.

PMID- 3708119
TI  - Bioavailability of seven furosemide tablets in man.
AB  - A seven-way crossover study was conducted in 14 healthy male volunteers to
      evaluate the relative bioavailability of seven different marketed 40 mg
      furosemide tablets. Each dose was administered as a single tablet after an
      overnight fast, and blood samples were obtained for 16 hours. Plasma was assayed
      by HPLC. There were no statistically significant differences among the seven
      products for the mean peak concentration (1.01-1.29 micrograms/ml), mean time of
      peak (1.2-2.1 h) or mean area under the plasma concentration-time curves, which
      differed by less than 14 per cent. However, one product exhibited greater
      intersubject variability, and on this basis was considered inequivalent to the
      other six products. Furosemide is a potent and widely used diuretic. Currently
      the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) has granted approval to at
      least twelve manufacturers of 40 mg furosemide tablets, based in part on
      bioavailability data obtained in human subjects. In addition, the USFDA has
      granted an 'AB' therapeutic equivalence evaluation to each of these products,
      which is understood by many to indicate the therapeutic equivalence and
      interchangeability of these products. The objective of the present investigation
      was to directly compare the bioavailability of seven 40 mg furosemide tablet
      products which had previously been approved by the Food and Drug Administration.

PMID- 3708120
TI  - Use of a limited physiologic model to explain target organ toxicity of
      bupivacaine as a function of route of administration.
AB  - A physiologic model to describe bupivacaine uptake by and elimination from brain
      and heart was developed. Preliminary validation of the model was accomplished by
      comparing concentration data predicted by the model with those determined in
      rabbits. The model was modified to examine similarities and differences following
      intravenous and epidural administration of 150 mg of bupivacaine in humans.
      Simulations illustrated why rapid cardiovascular and central nervous system
      toxicity occurs following intravenous administration and is absent when an
      identical dose is administered epidurally. A slow continuous intravenous infusion
      of bupivacaine was simulated to examine the possibility that brain and heart
      concentrations would continue to accumulate reaching toxic concentrations in the
      absence of blood concentrations associated with bupivacaine toxicity.

PMID- 3708121
TI  - The disposition of the local anaesthetic, pentacaine, in rats and mice.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of pentacaine, a new local anaesthetic agent from the group
      of carbanilates, was investigated in the rat at a dose of 2 mg kg-1 i.v. and per
      os. A three-compartment open model gave the best fit to the data. The model
      parameters are: t1/2 99.0 +/- 14.1 min, Vss 7411.1 ml kg-1, Cl 77.9 ml min-1 kg
      1; after oral administration t1/2ab 4.9 +/- 1.9 min, bioavailability 59.1 per
      cent, and extent of absorption 79.3 per cent. Pentacaine is eliminated almost
      entirely by metabolism. The metabolites are excreted equally in the urine and
      faeces at a relatively slow rate. The pharmacokinetics of pentacaine was linear
      in the dose range 0.008-4 mg kg-1. The whole-body autoradiography in mice showed
      rapid transfer of 3H radioactivity from the vessels to tissues and a markedly
      heterogeneous disposition pattern in organs.

PMID- 3708122
TI  - Intra- and intersubject variation of erythromycin absorption from single-unit and
      multiple-unit enteric-coated products.
AB  - Based on the in vitro dissolution test for erythromycin capsules introduced in
      USP XX, Suppl. 3, there are no reasons to expect any difference in
      bioavailability after administration of two enteric-coated products, tablets and
      pellets in hard capsules. The present results in vivo are contradictory and,
      following duplicate administrations of the two preparations to 12 volunteers
      after a standardized breakfast, it is apparent that the multiple-unit, pellets,
      produce a better reproducibility in absorption both within and between subjects
      than the single-unit tablets. All subjects attained measurable levels of
      erythromycin on all occasions after administration of pellets, while levels were
      below the detectable limit on six out of the 24 occasions tested after
      administration of tablets. The better reproducibility of serum levels after
      pellets than after tablets was also shown in a descriptive way and is given as a
      low median discrepancy value of 23.5 per cent (moderate) compared to 73.2 per
      cent (large).

PMID- 3708123
TI  - The disposition of pyrimethamine base and pyrimethamine pamoate in the mouse:
      effect of route of administration.
AB  - We have investigated the plasma pharmacokinetics and mass fate in mice, of
      pyrimethamine administered as either the base or as the poorly soluble pamoate
      salt, in each case by the intraperitoneal (i.p.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) routes.
      Following the administration of pyrimethamine base (i.p. and s.c.) and
      pyrimethamine pamoate (i.p.), maximum measured plasma levels of pyrimethamine
      were attained within 1 h, before declining monoexponentially. There was no
      significant difference between these three groups in the clearance (0.29 +/-
      0.05, 0.30 +/- 0.03, 0.26 +/- 0.05 ml min-1), elimination half-life (4.5 +/- 0.5,
      4.8 +/- 0.8, 4.9 +/- 0.5 h) and AUC (19.4 +/- 4.4, 17.3 +/- 2.2, 21.1 +/- 4.4
      micrograms.h ml-1). By contrast, after s.c. dosage of pyrimethamine pamoate, drug
      absorption was significantly delayed, maximum plasma levels being reached after 4
      h, these levels being approximately one-third of those in the other three groups.
      Absorption was however complete, as the values for AUC and clearance were not
      significantly different from the other groups. The pattern of faecal and urinary
      elimination of 14C radioactivity was unaffected by either dose site or
      formulation of pyrimethamine. The majority of the dose (44.5-64.2 per cent) was
      eliminated in the faeces suggesting extensive biliary excretion. Localization of
      14C radioactivity in the major organs was negligible in all groups. Following
      each dose, between 85 and 98 per cent of the dose was accounted for. These
      studies indicate that of the four treatment groups only pyrimethamine pamoate on
      s.c. administration demonstrates a sustained release action from the dose
      site.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3708124
TI  - A pharmacokinetic approach to the establishment of biopharmaceutic
      characteristics of different acetylsalicylic acid formulations in man.
AB  - Eleven acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) formulations were administered to 26 healthy
      volunteers in a cross-over design. The properties of the preparations differed
      from conventional, effervescent, buffered to buccal. The objectives of this study
      were: Consideration of the general aspects of a biopharmaceutical study: which
      parameter for which biopharmaceutic characteristic? Measurement of the kinetic
      parameters of ASA: first-pass effect, mean residence time, mean appearance time,
      total body clearance, apparent volume of distribution, half-lives, etc.
      Comparison of the formulations. Most of the formulations yield mean residence
      times for ASA of 0.3-1.0 h, which do not differ significantly (p greater than
      0.05). For most of the products the first-pass effect is about 40 per cent; the
      average values of the apparent volume of distribution and whole body clearance,
      corrected for the first-pass effect, are about 201 and 650 ml min-1,
      respectively. Peak levels are reached slowly for the buccal formulations, and
      rapidly for the buffered products. It is difficult, especially for ASA, to
      characterize the gastro-intestinal absorption with pharmacokinetic model
      parameters, because the first-pass effect is large and often elimination of ASA
      is faster than absorption. The model-independent approach has the special
      advantages of calculating reliable pharmacokinetic parameters, and creating
      theoretical possibilities to characterize the absorption patterns of the
      different formulations in a quantitative way. No significant differences in the
      values of the parameters are found between most of the formulations. The ASA
      first-pass effect is reasonably constant and buccal application has no advantage.
      Enteric coating of the outer layer of ASA formulations causes inconsistent
      absorption and may be categorized under 'artificial mistakes'.

PMID- 3708125
TI  - The effects of low and moderate doses of alcohol on the pharmacokinetic
      parameters of zopiclone.

PMID- 3708126
TI  - Calculation of fraction bound in equilibrium dialysis with special reference to
      drug losses by decomposition and adsorption.

PMID- 3708127
TI  - [Modulating effect of electric acupuncture stimulation on the bioelectrical
      activity of neurons of specific and nonspecific thalamic nuclei].
AB  - Bioelectric reactions of individual neurons in specific and nonspecific thalamus
      nuclei were studied in acute experiments on cats. Auricular or body point
      electroacupuncture (EAP) was shown to affect the functions of spontaneously
      active neurons in the nuclei under study. Two types of spontaneously active
      neurons were identified: some were activated and some inhibited in response to
      EAP stimulation. The number of neurons activated in response to EAP was 50%
      greater in specific thalamus nuclei than in nonspecific ones, while inhibition
      was mostly observed in nonspecific thalamus cells.

PMID- 3708128
TI  - [Comparison of the effect of serotonin administered into the dorsal hippocampus
      on conditioned passive and active avoidance in rats].
AB  - It has been established that intrahippocampal bilateral injection of 5-HT in a
      dose of 2 micrograms prolonged the time of passive avoidance reflex retention,
      inhibiting the retrieval of active avoidance reflex and facilitating its
      extinction. The data obtained show the dependence of 5-HT effect on reinforcing
      and triggering properties of spatial-environmental and phasic conditioned
      stimuli. It is suggested that intrahippocampal 5-HT administration was
      responsible for the retrieval of traces of conditioned reinforced stimuli.

PMID- 3708129
TI  - [Formation of thrombin and its inactivation by antithrombin III following
      repeated intravenous injections of tissue thromboplastin in animals].
AB  - A breach in the inactivation of thrombin activity by antithrombin III following
      numerous repeated intravenous injections of tissue thromboplastin to albino rats
      was established. Seven injections of tissue thromboplastin to animals (at 30-40
      min-interval) caused functional exhaustion of anticoagulation system and
      increased thrombin blood circulation level.

PMID- 3708130
TI  - [Characteristics of coronary vasodilation reserve in partial restriction and
      subsequent recovery of the coronary blood flow].
AB  - The studies were performed on anesthetized dogs using the model of partial
      controlled blood flow restriction in the left circumflex coronary artery with
      intact thorax. 70% of blood flow restriction were compensated by coronary
      vasodilation reserve, evaluated in hyperemia reaction. No rapid reperfusion
      hyperemia reaction was observed in reperfusion period, while moderate reduction
      in heart contractility was maintained. Alterations in coronary vessel reactivity
      could have a certain depressing effect on reperfusion hyperemia reaction. The
      observed changes were reversible, as coronary vessels retained their dilatation
      ability in response to an additional ischemic stimulus.

PMID- 3708131
TI  - [Formation of the marginal "pro-oxidant" zone and its role in the enhancement of
      lipid peroxidation in the area of myocardial ischemia and infarction].
AB  - The formation of peripheral zone devoid of dehydrogenase activity but possessing
      vessels connected with the normal myocardium was demonstrated in the area of
      fresh myocardial infarction 2 h after coronary occlusion. A direct correlation
      between the changes of the zone area and the intensity of free radical lipid
      peroxidation in the area of fresh myocardial infarction was established.

PMID- 3708133
TI  - [Effect of geomagnetic storms on the state of heart mitochondria and their role
      in providing energy for myocardial contraction].
AB  - The experiments on intact rabbits have shown that geomagnetic storm breaks the
      relationship between the size of myocardial mitochondria and the degree of
      cardiac contractility, causes swelling and further destruction of mitochondria.
      Geomagnetic storm leads to a decline in the left ventricular contractility. The
      development of geomagnetic storm is associated with a significant strong positive
      correlation between the size of mitochondria and the blood level of free fatty
      acids.

PMID- 3708132
TI  - [The role of immune factors in the coronary, chrono- and inotropic effects of
      adrenomimetics].
AB  - The experiments on dogs under chloralose and urethan anesthesia have shown that
      intracoronary injection of anticardiac immune serum caused inversion of coronary
      vascular reaction to adrenaline and isoprenaline and elimination of cardiogenic
      depressor hemodynamic reflex, without decreasing adrenomimetic inotropic effect.
      The administration of immune complexes (horse serum antigens--specific rabbit
      antibodies) produced biphasic coronary vascular reaction to adrenaline and
      decreased by half reflex hypotension, without changing chrono- and inotropic
      adrenaline effects.

PMID- 3708134
TI  - [Maintaining hypertension in negative emotional exposures as one of the functions
      of the baroreceptor reflex].
AB  - Changes in the heart rate and blood pressure induced by different emotiogenic
      influences were studied in rats with intact and denervated baroreceptor afferents
      of the carotid sinuses and aortic arch. Aversive emotiogenic stimuli failed to
      induce hypertension in rats with denervated baroreceptor areas, while self
      stimulation in these rats caused a profound rise in arterial pressure. It is
      concluded that maintenance of hypertension induced by aversive emotiogenic
      influences is a manifestation of baroreceptor reflex.

PMID- 3708135
TI  - [Intravital morphometric characteristics of the pial network of associative and
      projection regions during contralateral cooling of the cat cortex].
AB  - Morphometric parameters of pial vessel bed in somatosensory (region 1) and
      parietal (middle third of f. supra-sylvii) zones of the right brain hemisphere
      were determined using automatic image analysis in acute experiments on normal
      cats and during 1-hour cooling blockade of the same regions in the left
      hemisphere. In normal conditions values of pial vessel bed area were higher in
      the somatosensory zone, with the vessels 16-50 micron in diameter prevailing. In
      the parietal zone vessels with a diameter of 5-15 micron prevailed. Primary
      vessel constriction was observed during cooling. Later the tendency to prolonged
      increase of specific bed length in the parietal zone, particularly during cooling
      of the symmetrical region, was noted. The data obtained reveal structural and
      functional peculiarities of pial system in associative and projection cortical
      zones and their significance in compensatory-restoration process after injury.

PMID- 3708136
TI  - [Blood aggregation and the system of microcirculation in experimental
      atherosclerosis, its spontaneous regression and hemosorption].
AB  - Blood aggregate state and microcirculation were studied during development and
      spontaneous regression of experimental atherosclerosis and following
      hemosorption. It has been shown that experimental atherosclerosis is not only
      accompanied by changes in blood lipid composition, but also by disturbances in
      the structure and function of microcirculatory bed. Normalization of blood lipid
      composition and recovery of blood aggregate state and microcirculatory bed
      structure and function were not observed during spontaneous regression. Repeated
      hemosorption enhances atherosclerosis regression, normalizes lipid composition of
      blood and biological membranes and promotes the recovery of microcirculation.

PMID- 3708137
TI  - [Structural changes in liver parenchyma of rats kept on diets with various
      protein contents].
AB  - The influence of diets with different protein content on the liver structural
      organization has been studied. Adaptation processes such as hepatocyte
      proliferation and an increase in the number of secondary lysosomes with the
      following atrophy of hepatocytes were observed in rats on low protein diet. High
      protein diet caused hypertrophy of hepatocytes and hyperplasia of subcellular
      structures.

PMID- 3708138
TI  - [Experimental study of the use of colchicine in alcoholic liver diseases].
AB  - Rats kept on a standard diet were subdivided into several experimental groups:
      group 1, control; group 2, animals receiving ethyl alcohol for 10 days; group 3,
      animals receiving ethyl alcohol for 3 months; group 4, animals receiving
      colchicine; group 5, animals receiving alcohol in combination with colchicine;
      group 6, animals receiving alcohol in combination with carbon tetrachloride
      (CCl4); and group 7, animals receiving alcohol in combination with CCl4 and
      colchicine. Electron microscopy of the rat liver has shown that colchicine
      inhibited significantly the onset of hepatic fibrosis and degenerative changes in
      hepatocyte organells induced by hepatotoxins (alcohol alone or alcohol in
      combination with CCl4). Colchicine also inhibited monooxygenase activity in the
      liver homogenate of experimental rats. Possible mechanisms of hepatoprotective
      colchicine effect are discussed.

PMID- 3708139
TI  - [Effect of cytochalasin D on DNA synthesis in cultured cells].
AB  - The effect of cytochalasin D (CD), an agent specifically destroying actin
      cytoskeleton, on DNA replication of cultured mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF)
      and BALB/3T3 strain cells was studied. Incubation of normal cells with CD
      resulted in progressive inhibition of DNA synthesis: in the first 16-20 h the
      percentage of cells pulse-labelled with 3H-thymidine was similar to that in
      control cultures, on day 8 the percentage of labelled cells was 7-8 times lower
      than in the control. The transfer of cells into fresh medium upon 8-day
      incubation in the presence of CD resulted in the recovery of DNA synthesis.
      Similar curves of DNA synthesis inhibition in the presence of CD and of DNA
      synthesis recovery in fresh medium were observed both in mononuclear and
      binuclear cells. Thus, CD-induced reorganization of actin cytoskeleton can have
      an abrupt but reversible disturbing effect on normal cell cycle.

PMID- 3708140
TI  - [Prolonged administration of antidepressants induces changes in the pulsed
      release but not in the reverse uptake of biogenic amines].
AB  - The experiments on rats have shown that antidepressant concentrations that cause
      50% inhibition of 14C-NA and 3H-HT uptake by brain slices remain unchanged
      following prolonged administration of antidepressants (imipramine, pirazidole,
      harmane and its derivatives--C-153, C-307, C-394, C-395), as compared to the
      control. Electrical stimulation of brain slices upon long-term treatment of rats
      with antidepressants and preincubation with 14C-NA and 3H-HT enhanced presynaptic
      release of radioactive mark at concentrations of antidepressants (EC2) 3-14 times
      lower than those in the control animals. Long-term antidepressant administration
      reduces the inhibitory influence of clonidine and HT on presynaptic release of
      14C-NA and 3H-HT by brain slices. It is suggested that long-term administration
      of antidepressants decreases the sensitivity of terminal axons of NA- and HT
      ergic neurons to autoinhibitory effect of neurotransmitter release.

PMID- 3708141
TI  - [Effect of adaptogens on the activity of the pituitary-adrenocortical system in
      rats].
AB  - Intraperitoneal injection of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey tincture, Polyscias
      filicifolia Bailey tincture, Panax ginseng tincture or Eleutherococcus Maxim
      extract to rats produced a rise in plasma corticosterone 1 hour after the
      treatment. Immobilization-induced rise in plasma corticosterone was increased by
      7-day pretreatment with any agent. Thus, the adaptation effect of Panax ginseng
      C. A. Mey and Polyscias filicifolia Bailey is probably realized through the
      pituitary-adrenocortical system.

PMID- 3708142
TI  - [Contractile function, glucose consumption and lactate release by the isolated
      rat heart during different regimens of alcohol administration and after
      discontinuation of ethanol].
AB  - Acute or chronic intoxication of rats with ethanol (intragastric administration
      at a dose of 8 g/kg or free-choice drinking of 10% ethanol for 3 months) produced
      no significant changes in contractile function, glycogen content, glucose uptake
      and lactate release in isolated hearts. Withdrawal syndrome simulated in rats
      following a short period of severe intoxication with ethanol at a dose of 4-5
      g/kg twice daily has demonstrated a 15 and 28% decrease in peak systolic pressure
      and tension time index, respectively. In this case glucose uptake and lactate
      release were 2 times higher. Changes in glycogen level were observed three days
      after the last ethanol administration. The rats, survived after the abstinence
      period, revealed areas of perivascular myocardial necrosis. It is concluded that
      withdrawal syndrome plays an important role in pathogenesis of alcoholic
      cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 3708143
TI  - [Effect of kyotorphin on the reactivity of hippocampal neurons].
AB  - The effects of kyotorphin (Tyr-Arg) on CA1 and CA3 field responses were studied
      on rat hippocampal slice preparations. Slice perfusion with 10(-6)-10(-4) M of
      kyotorphin resulted in reactivity changes both in mossy fibers (CA3) and Schaffer
      collaterals (CA1). The principal effect was the increase in pop-spike amplitude.
      Kyotrophin (10(-6)-10(-5) M) and metenkephalin (10(-7)-10(-6) M) were found to
      produce similar reactivity changes (facilitation) in CA1 region of most
      preparations. However, kyotorphin effect, in contrast to enkephalin-induced
      facilitation was not blocked by naloxone. The data suggest that the mechanisms of
      kyotorphin action in the hippocamp are not related to endogenous enkephalin
      release.

PMID- 3708144
TI  - [Effect of essentiale on pulmonary edema and changes in the lipid metabolism
      during adrenaline administration].
AB  - The experiments on white rats have confirmed that the development of lung edema
      following epinephrine infusion is characterized by considerable changes in
      phospholipid and cholesterol blood and lung metabolism. Essentiale preinjection
      prevented the decrease in phospholipid lung content and blood plasma cholesterol,
      which was accompanied by less prominent lung edema.

PMID- 3708145
TI  - [The role of A-cells in affecting the immunostimulating effect of F(ab')2
      fragments].
AB  - The immunoregulatory effect of F(ab')2 fragments on normal rabbit IgG and that
      preincubated with A-cells from spleen have been compared. Both products were
      tested for their ability to enhance primary immune response of rabbit spleen
      cells to SRBC. It was demonstrated that low molecular mass product appeared after
      F(ab')2 fragments incubation with A-cells at 37 degrees C and possessed
      immunostimulating activity similar to that of initial F(ab')2 fragments. In
      addition, it was shown that F(ab')2 reduction to monovalent Fab' fragment with
      the following alkylation of SH-group abolished the ability of Fab' fragment to
      enhance the immune response. It may signify that half cystein Fab' fragment
      residue is essential for processing of the fragment in A-cells and (or) for
      immune response enhancement.

PMID- 3708146
TI  - [Comparative study of the effect of L-lysine-L-oxidase from Trichoderma harzianum
      Rifai and Trichoderma viride on nucleic acid synthesis in human tumor cells in
      vitro].
AB  - L-lysine-alpha-oxidase, a new fungal enzyme catalyzing oxidative deamination of L
      lysine, exerts an inhibitory effect on DNA, RNA and protein synthesis in human
      cells of carcinoma ovarius (CaOv) in vitro.

PMID- 3708147
TI  - [Two-stage carcinogenesis induced by foreign bodies].
AB  - Replacement of non-perforated polyvinylchloride films 3.5 months after
      implantation to CBA mice by perforated polyvinylchloride films or by millipore
      filters with 0.45 micron pores led to the development of sarcoma at the site of
      implantation in 37.0 and 21.4% of cases, respectively. The implantation of only
      perforated films led to the development of sarcoma in 6.9% of cases, while the
      implantation of filters failed to induce tumour growth. The data obtained show
      that the latent period of tumour development can be divided into two stages. The
      first stage occurs in the presence of non-perforated film, while the second stage
      ensues in the presence of non-cancerogenic films. Complete removal of films 6
      months after implantation prevented tumour development. It is suggested that non
      perforated films serve as initiating agents, while non-cancerogenic films act as
      protectors.

PMID- 3708148
TI  - [The rate of in vivo selection of highly metastatic and resistance-inhibiting
      variants of tumor cells].
AB  - The rate of in vivo selection of tumour cells of STHE strain (spontaneously
      transformed in vitro hamster embryo cells, previously not selected in vivo) after
      their intravenous inoculation to normal Syrian hamsters was studied. At different
      time intervals after inoculation tumour cells were isolated from the lung tissue
      of individual animals, cultured in vitro and the their metastatic activity (MA)
      and natural resistance-depressing activity (RDA) were studied. It was
      demonstrated that selection of highly metastatic variants of tumour cells begins
      immediately after inoculation; on days 5-6 after inoculation the presence of such
      variants is observed in the majority of animals. Selection of resistance
      depressing variants of tumour cells (determined in a less sensitive test) was
      first noticed on days 9-10 after inoculation of tumour cells. The correlation
      between MA and RDA of tumour cells was observed. The data obtained give evidence
      in favour of preexistence of genetic MA and RDA variants of tumour cells in the
      original population of tumour cells.

PMID- 3708149
TI  - [Glio-neuronal aggregates in collagen gel: a model for studying the factors
      affecting development of central nervous system cells].
AB  - Glio-neuronal aggregates of dissociated cells obtained from embryonic brain
      during cultivation in rotating flasks were transfered for further cultivation
      into collagen gel, containing balanced salt solution, serum-free amino acid
      medium, or complete nutrient medium. Active neurite growth and glial cell
      migration were observed during cultivation in collagen gel. The experiments have
      shown that glio-neuronal aggregates may serve as an experimental model for
      testing the activity of different neuronotrophic and neurite growth stimulating
      factors.

PMID- 3708150
TI  - [Diurnal rhythm of acid-base equilibrium and blood gas composition].
AB  - Diurnal fluctuations of acid-alkaline balance and blood gas composition were
      studied in March on 20 healthy males aged 20-26. Using cosinor analysis, mesors,
      amplitudes and acrophases were revealed. Calculated acrophases (in h and min) are
      as follows: pH--16 h 05 min, standard hydrogen carbonate--18 h 45 min, actual
      hydrogen carbonate--22 h 55 min, buffer bases--19 h 03 min, pCO2--2 h 47 min, pO2
      -4 h 39 min, HbO2--8 h 07 min, hemoglobin--14 h 16 min. All the values studied
      during diurnal cycle correlated, forming certain circadian rhythms.

PMID- 3708151
TI  - [Morphology of the pancreas during intra-aortal administration of 5
      fluorouracil].
AB  - The results of the studies of morphological changes in the pancreas during
      intraaortal injections of various 5-fluorouracil doses to 44 dogs are reported.
      It was experimentally established that intraaortal injection of 10 mg 5
      fluorouracil per kg of mass for 3 days caused the delay in albumin-synthesizing
      organella function, without damaging organellas as such. Administration of a
      cytostatic in a dose of 15 mg per kg of mass did not only cause a drastic decline
      in the synthesizing activity of cells in acinar parenchyma, but also induced
      intracellular lesions.

PMID- 3708152
TI  - [Ultrastructure of the blood-air barrier of dog lungs during the treatment of
      acute hypoxia using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation].
AB  - Electron microscopic studies of lung aerohematic barrier were performed in 10
      dogs under condition of severe hypoventilation hypoxia, using membrane oxygenator
      "Sever-OMR". Acute hypoxia treated with extrapulmonary membrane oxygenation was
      characterized by less deep and disseminated ultrastructural changes in
      aerohematic barrier than that treated without membrane oxygenation. The data
      obtained show positive effect of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation on lung
      tissues.

PMID- 3708153
TI  - [Morphometric analysis of changes in hepatocytes of the rabbit liver in
      experimental hypercholesterolemia and their reversibility].
AB  - Two-week cholesterol injections caused prolonged alterations of nuclear
      hepatocyte apparatus in all liver segments. These alterations resulted in the
      increased number of binuclear cells and hepatocytes containing large nuclei
      detected 1.5 month after the last cholesterol injection.

PMID- 3708155
TI  - Clinical evaluation of platelet concentrates stored for one to five days.
AB  - There are no large-scale data available describing the increments obtained with
      platelet concentrates stored for varying durations. Platelet concentrates
      prepared by standard techniques were stored at 22 degrees C with horizontal
      agitation in PL-732 bags and administered to clinically stable, nonalloimmunized
      recipients known to respond well to random donor platelet transfusions. The
      platelet concentrates were stored in a mean volume of 65.0 mL (range 54-80 mL)
      with an average yield of .72 X 10(11) platelets per unit of platelet concentrates
      (N = 100 consecutive units). There was no significant deterioration of pH during
      storage. Mean corrected count increments ranged between 16,600 (N = 146
      transfusions) after 1 day of storage to 13,300 (N = 34 transfusions) after 5 days
      of storage. Although these differences were statistically significant (P less
      than .003, analysis of variance), the overall deterioration in increments was
      quite modest. Platelet concentrates can be stored under standard conditions for 1
      to 5 days with acceptable clinical results.

PMID- 3708154
TI  - Purification of Hageman factor (factor XII) on columns of popcorn-agarose.
AB  - Purification of Hageman factor (HF, factor XII) from human plasma is a tedious
      procedure and the product is not always in the precursor form. Hojima has
      described a protein derived from corn kernels that inhibits the enzymatic
      properties of HF. This inhibitor binds to the precursor form of HF. Rapid
      purification of HF was achieved by using as the major purification step
      adsorption of this clotting factor to popcorn inhibitor bound to agarose. The
      product had a specific activity of 50.0 to 67.1 coagulant units of HF per
      milligram protein, and the yield was 33% to 40% of the HF content of the starting
      plasma. The purified protein displayed a single band upon unreduced or reduced
      sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and less than 0.1% was
      in an activated form, as measured in coagulant assays. The technique described is
      more rapid and reliable than methods described earlier.

PMID- 3708156
TI  - Altered oxidative product formation in neutrophils of patients recovering from
      therapy for acute leukemia.
AB  - During chemotherapy for acute leukemias, severe neutropenia allows acquisition of
      life-threatening infections that are difficult to clear with antibiotics alone.
      With return of myelopoiesis, even severe infections often improve dramatically.
      We have sequentially examined oxidative metabolic responses of polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes (PMNL) from 30 patients with acute leukemias before induction
      chemotherapy and after recovery of myelopoiesis (circulating PMNL greater than
      500/microL). Maximal oxidative metabolic responses were quantitated by flow
      cytometric analysis of H2O2-dependent oxidation of intracellular 2',7'
      dichlorofluorescin (DCFH) in individual PMNL after stimulation with phorbol
      myristate acetate (PMA). Resting PMNL oxidized a mean of 6.8 attomoles (amol)
      DCFH/cell/15 min, with no difference between normal or patients' PMNL. PMA
      stimulated normal PMNL oxidized 183 +/- 35 amol/cell (mean +/- SD, n = 120). In
      patients' PMNL obtained before chemotherapy, the mean DCFH oxidation was not
      significantly different from controls (216 +/- 78 amol/cell). However, 11 of 22
      samples revealed populations of granulocytes with increased (primed) oxidative
      responses; seven of these 11 patients had proven or suspected infection at
      presentation. At recovery from chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, PMNL from 19 of
      21 patients possessed one or more significant subpopulations with primed
      oxidation in response to PMA. In these 19 patients, 61% +/- 8% of PMNL comprised
      primed populations that oxidized 503 +/- 46 amol/cell. Oxidative activity was
      most pronounced in patients with proven or clinically suspected infections (with
      41% +/- 9% of PMNL oxidizing 615 +/- 79 amol/cell). However, oxidative responses
      to PMA were also significantly increased in recovery PMNL from ten patients
      without clinical or laboratory evidence of active infection (79% +/- 11% of PMNL
      primed to oxidize 402 +/- 29 amol/cell). The peak responses of the primed
      subpopulations were short-lived and generally lasted three days or less, although
      oxidative responses remained elevated above normal for a week or more. All of the
      patients with increased PMNL responsiveness survived their hospitalization. In
      contrast, PMNL from four patients had a significant population (18% to 82% of
      cells) with reduced responsiveness. Two of these four patients (with 71% and 75%
      subnormal cells) died during this induction attempt; the third died during a
      second induction attempt; only one survived to discharge. The clinical
      significance of these phenomena is yet to be determined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 3708157
TI  - Double inheritance of an alpha I/65 spectrin variant in a child with homozygous
      elliptocytosis.
AB  - Hemolytic anemia with red cell fragmentation, poikilocytosis, and elliptocytosis
      was discovered in a 6-week-old black infant. Both parents and a brother of the
      propositus had compensated mild Hereditary Elliptocytosis (HE). Elliptocytosis
      was prominent in the proband's father with the presence of numerous rod-shaped
      cells whereas, in the proband's mother, elliptocytosis was less marked and cells
      were less elongated than in the father. The proband's red cells fragmented at 45
      degrees C instead of 49 degrees C for control cells. Both the parents' and
      brother's red cells fragmented at 47 degrees C. The deformability of the
      proband's red cells was markedly reduced when measured with the ektacytometer;
      the red cells of both the proband's parent and brother exhibited an intermediate
      decrease in red cell deformability. Spectrin self-association was defective in
      the propositus as well as in his parents and brother. Limited tryptic digestion
      of the proband's spectrin, followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), revealed a complete absence of the normal 80,000
      dalton alpha I domain and the presence of an abnormal 65,000 dalton peptide. Two
      dimensional isoelectric focusing/SDS-PAGE of limited tryptic digests of spectrin
      from both the proband's parents and brother revealed a decrease in the normal
      80,000 alpha I domain and the presence of the 65,000 peptide variant. On the
      basis of biochemic studies performed on the patients' spectrin, we concluded that
      the proband had homozygous HE, having inherited the structural defect of spectrin
      present in a heterozygous state in each of his parents. On a clinical and
      morphologic level, homozygous HE imitates two other forms of congenital hemolytic
      anemia associated with a spectrin self-association defect: HE with pycnocytosis
      in infancy and Hereditary Pyropoikilocytosis. This report emphasizes the
      importance of confronting clinical and rheological as well as biochemical
      investigations in studying and discussing different entities.

PMID- 3708158
TI  - Refined chromosome analysis as an independent prognostic indicator in de novo
      myelodysplastic syndromes.
AB  - In a study of 56 consecutive adult patients with de novo myelodysplastic
      syndromes (MDS), all cases were successfully analyzed with two refined chromosome
      banding techniques. Most patients (44 of 56, 79%) were found to have a chromosome
      defect. The majority of these patients had a recurrent loss of chromosomal
      material rather than a reciprocal translocation or inversion, as commonly found
      in acute leukemia. The three largest chromosomal categories found were associated
      with a wide range of survival. Twelve patients (21%) had normal chromosomes, a
      stable clinical course, and long survival (median follow-up time of 49 months,
      with all patients alive). Nine patients had in common a single chromosome defect
      resulting in either monosomy 7 or deletion 7q. They had a median survival of 12
      months, and four died of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). Of 12 patients
      with complex defects, 11 had a complete or partial loss of a chromosome 5 and a
      complete or partial loss of the long arm of a chromosome 7 or 20. They had a poor
      median survival of four months, and six patients died of ANLL. Although the
      French-American-British (FAB) classification was also found to have some
      prognostic value, FAB subgroups were chromosomally heterogeneous and showed less
      dramatic differences in median survival than the larger chromosomal subgroups. We
      have shown, for the first time, that a refined chromosomal analysis is an
      independent prognostic indicator in de novo MDS and may be helpful in
      establishing therapeutic approaches in this difficult group of heterogeneous
      disorders.

PMID- 3708159
TI  - Characterization of fibrinogen Milano I: amino acid exchange gamma 330 Asp----Val
      impairs fibrin polymerization.
AB  - An abnormal fibrinogen was found in two asymptomatic members (father and
      daughter) of the same family, originating from northern Italy. Routine
      coagulation studies revealed prolonged thrombin and reptilase clotting times.
      Plasma fibrinogen levels, as determined by a functional assay, were markedly
      diminished, whereas the heat precipitation method indicated normal fibrinogen
      values. On the basis of these findings, a tentative diagnosis of
      dysfibrinogenemia was made, and according to the accepted nomenclature, this
      fibrinogen variant was called "fibrinogen Milano l." The time course of
      fibrinopeptide A and B release from fibrinogen Milano l was normal, but the
      aggregation of fibrin monomers was delayed. Two-dimensional electrophoresis of
      reduced variant fibrinogen chains showed a defective gamma-chain with increased
      cathodic mobility. An abnormal electrophoretic mobility was observed also for the
      gamma-chain remnants of fibrinogen fragments D1 and D2 derived from fibrinogen
      Milano l, whereas the charge anomaly was lost after a further digestion by
      plasmin to D3, suggesting that the structure abnormality of this variant is
      situated in the region gamma 303-356. An abnormal peptide was isolated after
      cyanogen bromide cleavage of intact fibrinogen Milano l. This fragment spans from
      position gamma 311 to gamma 336. Amino acid analysis of the abnormal peptide
      showed the presence of valine and a diminished content of aspartic acid. Sequence
      analysis demonstrated an amino acid exchange Asp----Val in the gamma-chain at
      position 330.

PMID- 3708161
TI  - Chemotaxis of cord blood granulocytes.

PMID- 3708160
TI  - Prognostic implications of morphology and karyotype in primary myelodysplastic
      syndromes.
AB  - Forty-nine patients with primary myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) were
      subclassified according to French-American-British (FAB) Cooperative Group
      criteria. Eight patients had acquired idiopathic sideroblastic anemia (AISA), ten
      had chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMMoL), 14 had refractory anemia (RA), nine
      had refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB), and five had refractory anemia
      with excess blasts in transformation (RAEB-T); three patients could not be
      subclassified. The actuarial median survival for patients with AISA or with RA
      had not been reached at 60 months of follow-up. The median survival times for
      patients with CMMoL, RAEB, and RAEB-T were 25, 21, and 16 months, respectively.
      The percentages of patients with each subtype who developed ANLL were none in
      AISA, 20% in CMMoL, 7% in RA, 56% in RAEB, and 40% in RAEB-T. Patients with CMMoL
      had a poor prognosis independent of transformation to acute nonlymphocytic
      leukemia (ANLL), whereas patients with RAEB and RAEB-T had a high incidence of
      transformation and short survival times. Clonal chromosomal abnormalities were
      present in bone marrow cells from 19 patients at the time of diagnosis, and two
      others developed an abnormal karyotype at the time of leukemic transformation.
      The most frequent abnormalities, including initial and evolutionary changes, were
      trisomy 8 (9 patients), deletion of 5q (4 patients), and deletion of 20q (4
      patients). The median survival times were 32 months for patients with an abnormal
      karyotype, and 48 months for those with a normal karyotype (P = 0.2). Specific
      chromosomal abnormalities were not associated with particular histologic
      subtypes; however, a high percentage of patients with RAEB and RAEB-T had an
      abnormal clone (89% and 80%, respectively). The percentages of patients with
      clonal abnormalities were 13% for AISA, 20% for CMMoL, and 29% for RA. The MDS
      transformed to ANLL in 42% of patients with an abnormal karyotype, compared to
      10% of those with an initially normal karyotype (P less than .01). Among patients
      with RA, RAEB, and RAEB-T, the risk of leukemic transformation was confined to
      those with an abnormal karyotype (P less than .01). Thus, in the present study,
      morphology and karyotype combined were the best indicators of outcome in patients
      with MDS.

PMID- 3708162
TI  - Endothelial injury and platelet thrombosis in mesenteric arteries of rats: a
      scanning electron microscopy study.
AB  - For several years, an in vivo model for the induction and on-line quantification
      of arterial platelet thrombosis in mesenteric arteries of a small laboratory
      animal species has been developed in our laboratory. In the present paper, we
      further document the intimal lesions and the ADP superfusion-induced local
      platelet thrombus as seen in the scanning electron microscope. The surface
      morphology of the intimal lesion, induced by electric current, shows a circular
      or slightly oval denuded area, affecting about 15-20 endothelial cells. The edge
      of this lesion is often occupied by partially disrupted and detached endothelial
      cells. The successive embolizations of several ADP thrombi clean this edge and
      augment the denuded area. The final lesion never exceeds the area of 30-40
      endothelial cells. ADP-induced platelet thrombi in invariably appear as loose,
      sponge-like platelet aggregates, very bloodstream-lined, anchored on the denuded
      subendothelium. There is an excellent correlation between the in vivo light
      microscopic observations and the actual ultrastructure of this platelet mass.

PMID- 3708163
TI  - Network anatomy of arteries feeding the spinotrapezius muscle in normotensive and
      hypertensive rats.
AB  - An understanding of blood flow requires a detailed picture of vascular and
      microvascular anatomy. To this end an investigation of the arteries feeding the
      spinotrapezius muscle in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats was
      performed. Arteries were dilated and filled with resin materials and analyzed
      quantitatively for their network pattern and vessel geometry. The results show
      that there exists extensive meshworks of interconnected arteries forming an
      interogan plexus. The spinotrapezius muscle has multiple inflows from the
      thoracodorsal and intercostal arteries which interconnect in an arcade network in
      the muscle. Some but not all arteries of hypertensive rats are narrower in the
      dilated state at 100 mm Hg inflation pressure than their controls. Arterioles
      within the muscle proper, however, are not significantly different, suggesting
      that lumen narrowing of structural origin is progressively reduced towards the
      microcirculation.

PMID- 3708164
TI  - Oxygen tension changes in the outer vascular wall supplied by vasa vasorum
      following adenosine and epinephrine.
AB  - We measured blood vessel wall oxygen tension (PO2) in vivo in the tissue and on
      the surface of dog thoracic aortas and femoral arteries. The overall mean tissue
      PO2 in the outer vascular wall supplied by vasa vasorum for both blood vessels
      was 49.4 +/- 2.6 (SE) Torr for 42 sites in 8 dogs. Changes in PO2 were measured
      after intravenous injections of adenosine and epinephrine. There was some
      tendency for the PO2 to decrease with epinephrine for both vessels. With
      adenosine the thoracic aorta wall tissue PO2 increased significantly (+23.2 +/-
      6.0 Torr, p less than 0.025), while the femoral artery did not. One possible
      interpretation of these results is that the vasa vasorum of the thoracic aorta
      are capable of changing blood flow and oxygen supply to the outer wall to a
      greater degree than the femoral artery.

PMID- 3708165
TI  - Mechanisms of vasodilation. 4th international symposium. Rochester, Minn., July
      10-12, 1986. Abstracts.

PMID- 3708166
TI  - Chlordane residues in normal human blood.

PMID- 3708167
TI  - Mercury content in mushroom species in the Cordova area.

PMID- 3708168
TI  - Methylmercury toxicity in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).

PMID- 3708169
TI  - Dichotomous effects of cadmium and selenium on erythropoiesis in mice.

PMID- 3708170
TI  - Mutagenic properties of pirimiphos-methyl in male mice.

PMID- 3708171
TI  - Effects of environmental conditions on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and
      mutagenicity of airborne particulate matter.

PMID- 3708172
TI  - Prediction of pesticide dermal exposure and urinary metabolite level of tree crop
      harvesters from field residues.

PMID- 3708173
TI  - Odors, aerosols, laminar air flow, and electrostatics.

PMID- 3708174
TI  - Multiple regression analysis of toxic interactions: application to the Microtox
      test and general comments.

PMID- 3708175
TI  - Reactivity of nitrogenous and other organic compounds with aqueous chlorine.

PMID- 3708176
TI  - Photodegradation of the herbicide glyphosate in water.

PMID- 3708177
TI  - Chronic toxicity of 4-nitrophenol to Daphnia magna Straus under statis-renewal
      and flow-through conditions.

PMID- 3708178
TI  - Impact of pulp and paper mill effluent on egg hatchability of pike (Esox lucius
      L.).

PMID- 3708179
TI  - Effects of temperature on the acute toxicity of PCP in the midge Chironomus
      riparius Meigen.

PMID- 3708180
TI  - Accumulation and metabolic effects of di-n-butyltin dichloride in the freshwater
      clam, Anodonta anatina.

PMID- 3708181
TI  - Distribution of carbofuran in a rice-paddy-fish microecosystem.

PMID- 3708182
TI  - Trace metals in mussels (Mytilus edulis) from the Waddenzee, coastal North Sea
      and the estuaries of Ems, Western and Eastern Scheldt.

PMID- 3708183
TI  - Hexabromobenzene and its debrominated compounds in river and estuary sediments in
      Japan.

PMID- 3708184
TI  - Fenvalerate concentrations in the vegetation, insects, and small mammals of an
      old-field ecosystem.

PMID- 3708185
TI  - Effect of a deep inspiration on expiratory flow in normals and patients with
      chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
AB  - Normal control subjects and individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary
      disease (COPD) were studied by measuring routine lung function tests as well as
      maximal (MEFV) and partial expiratory flow-volume (PEFV) curves and lung elastic
      recoil (Pst,L) before and after a total lung capacity (TLC) volume history. In
      the normal subjects: before bronchodilators airflow increased significantly,
      whereas Pst,L and upstream segment resistance (Rus) decreased significantly
      following inspiration to TLC; after administration of inhaled bronchodilators,
      flow rates were higher on the PEFV than on MEFV curves; nevertheless, because
      Pst,L decreased substantially following a deep breath, post-bronchodilator Rus
      was still somewhat reduced by deep inspiration. In the subjects with COPD flow
      rates on PEFV curves were as high or exceeded flow rates on MEFV curves in 76/100
      studies; the ratio of flow rates (PEFV)/flow rates (MEFV) increased as pulmonary
      function worsened; as in normal subjects, Pst,L diminished in COPD subjects
      following deep inspiration; although flow rates increased on both PEFV and MEFV
      curves after bronchodilators, the increments in flow were considerably larger on
      PEFV maneuvers.

PMID- 3708186
TI  - Effect of doxapram on obstructive sleep apnea.
AB  - To determine whether treatment with a respiratory stimulant, doxapram
      hydrochloride, would improve obstructive sleep apnea, we administered the drug to
      four patients with this disease. Subjects were given a bolus of doxapram, 0.5 mg
      X kg-1 lean body mass, followed by a 1 mg X min-1 infusion throughout the night
      on one night and placebo another night. Doxapram produced improvement in the
      average oxyhemoglobin desaturation during apneic and hypopneic episodes and
      decreased average apnea length, but did not change the average number of
      oxyhemoglobin desaturations per hour of sleep or sleep efficiency. We conclude
      that doxapram, when administered at levels known to increase ventilatory drive,
      does not decrease the number of disordered breathing events during sleep but does
      cause termination of these events at higher levels of oxyhemoglobin saturation.

PMID- 3708187
TI  - [Hemodynamic and gasometric stability during right heart catheterization in
      chronic bronchopneumopathies].
AB  - In order to determine if blood gases and haemodynamic variables were steady after
      right heart catheterization, measurements were performed as soon as the catheter
      was placed, and after an interval ranging between 15 and 25 min in 22 patients
      with chronic lung disease. This study shows that there was no significant
      difference in blood gases, systemic and pulmonary vascular pressures, or cardiac
      output, except for pulmonary wedge pressure which decreased by 1.1 mmHg on
      average, and PaO2 which increased by 2.8 mmHg on average; these changes were
      indeed of small magnitude. Individual changes were usually small, but
      occasionally changes in vascular pressures of several mmHg could be observed. The
      stability of blood gases and haemodynamic variables can be explained by the lack
      of anxiety in these patients who had been familiarized with the equipment and the
      procedure the day before the examination, and also by the relaxed atmosphere
      during the procedure, which prevents apprehension with its haemodynamic
      consequences.

PMID- 3708188
TI  - Definition of the hyperventilation syndrome.
AB  - Delegates attending the Fourth International Symposium on Respiratory
      Psychophysiology indicated on a questionnaire those features of personality and
      mental disorders, symptoms, signs and measurements which they felt to be
      essential, closely associated, occasionally associated or irrelevant in the
      diagnosis of the hyperventilation syndrome (HVS). They also supplied their own
      definition of the HVS. Anxiety, symptoms reproduced in whole or in part by
      voluntary hyperventilation, breathlessness, hyperventilation and low CO2 were the
      features from the questionnaire most commonly considered to be essential in the
      diagnosis of the HVS. Delegates used the following phrases most frequently in
      their own definitions: "a variety of somatic symptoms", "hyperventilation",
      "associated low PCO2", "no organic disease" and "physiologically inappropriate".
      A consensus definition might read "the hyperventilation syndrome is a syndrome
      characterized by a variety of somatic symptoms induced by physiologically
      inappropriate hyperventilation and usually reproduced in whole or in part by
      voluntary hyperventilation". But for practical use, the nature of the symptoms
      and any other relevant features need to be clearly identified if this diagnosis
      is to be entertained in the course of a clinical consultation. This definition
      still lacks the qualities which are essential for an operational definition.

PMID- 3708189
TI  - The in vivo diagnosis of emphysema: an uncompletely resolved issue.

PMID- 3708190
TI  - Effects of airflow resistance variations on resistive load detection in normal
      subjects.
AB  - The sensitivity to airflow resistance variations produced by externally added
      resistive loads, with modification of background load, was studied in 15 normal
      subjects, using "Sensory Decision Theory" (SDT), a psychophysical method that
      gives an index of accuracy, P(A), unaffected by response bias. In six subjects,
      asked to detect three increasingly added loads (delta R) at different levels of
      basal resistance (1.6 and 3.6 cmH2O X 1(-1) X s), inspiratory resistive load
      detection (RLD) improved with background loading, and a highly significant
      relationship was found between P(A) and peak mouth pressure (Pm). The
      relationship between P(A) and the change in Pm, i.e. delta Pm, was less
      significant. These results suggest that, although tension developed by the
      respiratory muscles reflected by mouth pressure may be an important stimulus to
      respiratory RLD, other factors must also be considered. In seven subjects, in
      whom airway resistance was increased at least 50% by inhalation of carbachol,
      inconsistent variations in P(A) were found. In seven subjects, in whom airflow
      resistance was decreased by inhalation of heliox, and in six of seven subjects
      after salbutamol inhalation, RLD was significantly impaired. The results of this
      study lead us to the conclusion that Weber's law is not verified for weak
      internal or external background loading.

PMID- 3708191
TI  - Tufts academic health information network: concept and scenario.
AB  - Tufts University School of Medicine's new health sciences education building, the
      Arthur M. Sackler Center for Health Communications, will house a modern medical
      library and computer center, classrooms, auditoria, and media facilities. The
      building will also serve as the center for an information and communication
      network linking the medical school and adjacent New England Medical Center,
      Tufts' primary teaching hospital, with Tufts Associated Teaching Hospitals
      throughout New England. Ultimately, the Tufts network will join other gateway
      networks, information resource facilities, health care institutions, and medical
      schools throughout the world. The center and the network are intended to
      facilitate and improve the education of health professionals, the delivery of
      health care to patients, the conduct of research, and the implementation of
      administrative management approaches that should provide more efficient
      utilization of resources and save dollars. A model and scenario show how health
      care delivery and health care education are integrated through better use of
      information transfer technologies by health information specialists,
      practitioners, and educators.

PMID- 3708192
TI  - Using the OCLC union listing component for a statewide health sciences union list
      of serials.
AB  - Union lists of serials are critical to the effective operation of interlibrary
      loan networks. The Michigan Health Sciences Libraries Association used the OCLC
      union list component to produce the Michigan Statewide Health Sciences Union List
      of Serials (MISHULS). MISHULS, which includes the serials holdings of ninety
      three hospital health sciences libraries, is a subset of a statewide multi-type
      union list maintained on OCLC. The rationale for a statewide list and the
      criteria for choosing vendors are discussed. Typical costs are provided. Funding
      sources are identified and a unique approach to decentralized input is described.
      The benefits of resource sharing in a larger, multi-type library network are also
      explored.

PMID- 3708193
TI  - Continuing education needs of hospital librarians.
AB  - The Hospital Library Section (HLS) of MLA conducted a survey of its members to
      determine their continuing education needs and preferences. A questionnaire
      mailed with the HLS Newsletter gathered information in four general areas:
      preferred modes of continuing education, subjects viewed as most important,
      motivators and deterrents, and topics for presentation at the 1985 MLA annual
      meeting. Additional data were collected on the type and bed size of the member's
      institution. Of the 560 questionnaires mailed, 257 (46%) were returned. Overall,
      for continuing education, members favored one-day courses dealing with automated
      systems, planning and marketing; for annual meeting topics, they were
      additionally interested in health care finance.

PMID- 3708194
TI  - The Latin American Cancer Research Information Project (LACRIP): an evaluation of
      its development in Mexico.
AB  - In 1979 the National Cancer Institute, the Pan American Health Organization, and
      the Latin American Information and Documentation Center (Brazil) jointly
      sponsored the Latin American Cancer Information Project. This paper reports the
      objectives, development, and utilization of this service as it is administered by
      the National Health Information Documentation Center in Mexico. Evaluation of the
      project provides insight into problems of information dissemination in countries
      that are experiencing great economic instability.

PMID- 3708195
TI  - A research clearinghouse for family practice.
AB  - A database containing descriptive information on ongoing research projects in
      family practice has been developed by the Huffington Library of the Family Health
      Foundation of America. Between May 1983 and April 1985, 460 research projects and
      661 researchers were added to the database. The data were gathered by a
      questionnaire sent to departments of family medicine, family practice
      residencies, and state chapter offices of the American Academy of Family
      Physicians. The projects in the database are described in several dimensions:
      funding sources; study categories; research design; data sources; study setting;
      gender and ages studied; and project topics, analyzed broadly by Medical Subject
      Heading terms.

PMID- 3708196
TI  - Medicine and health care: implications for health sciences library practice.
AB  - The American health care system is experiencing a period of unprecedented change.
      This paper identifies and discusses the major changes in patient care, research,
      control of the health care system, and medical education, and their implications
      for health sciences librarians. These changes have resulted in new demands for
      effective information delivery and a broader health sciences library clientele.
      There are both challenges and opportunities for health sciences librarians as
      they respond to information pressures of the current health care environment and
      anticipate future needs.

PMID- 3708197
TI  - Education for health sciences/biomedical librarianship: past, present, future.
AB  - This paper offers an analysis of and some predictions for the fields of library
      education and medical librarianship. The recent past of education for
      medical/health sciences librarianship is outlined, with emphasis on the changing
      nature of the library school, its faculty, and its students. The present
      situation is described, with specific reference to faculty, curriculum, and
      accreditation issues. A future agenda is proposed, identifying the need for
      interdisciplinary and cooperative efforts within the larger realms of medical
      informatics, high technology, a variety of health professions, and the community
      of contemporary library practice.

PMID- 3708198
TI  - The introduction of a card-controlled photocopy system.

PMID- 3708199
TI  - The evaluation of biomedical book reviews by academic health sciences librarians.

PMID- 3708200
TI  - Accreditation.

PMID- 3708201
TI  - Electronic publishing.

PMID- 3708202
TI  - Interaction of amrinone with endogenous adenosine in guinea-pig atria.
AB  - In spontaneously beating atria from reserpine-treated guinea-pigs, amrinone (10
      microM to 2 mM) induced a positive inotropic and chronotropic effect that was
      preceded by a transient reduction in contractile force and in frequency. Both the
      positive and negative effects were concentration-dependent. The inotropic action
      of amrinone was antagonized by low concentrations of 8-phenyltheophylline that
      compete with adenosine at R-receptors on plasma membrane without significantly
      influencing phosphodiesterase activity. Cumulative concentrations of amrinone (1
      mM) antagonized the reduction of rate of contraction and amplitude induced by
      dipyridamole 1 microM in spontaneously beating atria and restored the maximum
      contractile effect reached in the absence of dipyridamole. In spontaneously
      beating preparations incubated in the presence of adenosine deaminase (1 u ml-1),
      amrinone lost its positive effects on the atria and only reduction of rate and
      contractile force was evident. Both effects were antagonized by scopolamine 1 mM
      thus indicating their cholinergic nature. Adenosine at 0.1 microM and 0.5 microM
      significantly inhibited the inotropic effect induced by amrinone (0.03 to 3 mM)
      and the concentration-effect curves of amrinone obtained in the absence and
      presence of adenosine clearly indicate a competitive antagonism between the two
      drugs. Thus the contractile activity of amrinone in spontaneously beating atria
      from reserpine-treated guinea-pigs originates from a displacement of adenosine
      from its R-receptor sites in the cardiac cell.

PMID- 3708203
TI  - Cardiac hypoxia and subsequent reoxygenation: sensitivity to L-arginine
      methylester.
AB  - The effect of L-arginine methylester (L-Arg-Me) was studied in the isolated heart
      of the guinea-pig perfused with hypoxic substrate-free medium for 30 min and
      subsequently reoxygenated with normal saline solution for 30 min. The
      administration of L-Arg-Me in basal conditions decreases dose-dependently heart
      rate without any changes in the myocardial structure. On the other hand, the
      administration of L-Arg-Me (5-10 mM) decreases ventricular arrhythmias,
      especially during reoxygenation; in fact ventricular fibrillation is abolished. L
      Arg-Me treatment increases the recovery of normal electrical and mechanical
      activity at the end of reoxygenation and reduces the increase in basal tone.
      Treatment with 10 mM L-Arg-Me decreases lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release in
      the effluent and lysosomal fragility in cardiac tissue, while it does not
      influence calcium gain. L-Arginine (L-Arg) does not mimic any of the effects of L
      Arg-Me.

PMID- 3708204
TI  - Inhibition of the myocardial Ca2+ inward current by the class 1 antiarrhythmic
      agent, cibenzoline.
AB  - Cibenzoline, a class 1 (local anaesthetic-type) antiarrhythmic drug, was
      investigated for possible effects upon the myocardial Ca2+ inward current. In
      voltage-clamp experiments with isolated cardiac myocytes of guinea-pig,
      cibenzoline caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of the Ca2+ current, with
      an IC50 of 14 microM. Inhibition of the Ca2+ current by cibenzoline (2 microM)
      was dependent upon stimulation frequency, with a greater block occurring at 2 Hz
      (approximately 50%) than at 0.2 Hz (approximately 15%). The magnitude of Ca2+
      current block was also potential-dependent. A markedly greater inhibition by
      cibenzoline (20 microM) was recorded when myocytes were depolarized (to +20 mV)
      from a holding potential of -35 mV than of -80 mV. At the less negative
      potential, cibenzoline also caused a reduction in the level of the holding
      current, which suggests a decrease in the inwardly rectifying K+ current.
      Cibenzoline also caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of KCl-induced
      contractures of isolated aortic strips of the rat (IC50 = 55 microM) and a
      reduction in contractile force of isolated, electrically-stimulated papillary
      muscles of the guinea-pig (IC50 = 35 microM). Thus, cibenzoline possesses Ca2+
      channel blocking (class 4) properties in addition to its local anaesthetic
      actions.

PMID- 3708205
TI  - Micturition in naive and morphine-dependent rats.
AB  - Voiding responses were recorded in conscious water-loaded rats. Morphine sulphate
      (5 mg kg-1) elevated the volume threshold for micturition (MV); the group mean MV
      of 16 rats after morphine was 40% larger than control. Micturition was
      nevertheless complete since no urine remained in the bladder afterwards. The
      implantation of 2 or 4 morphine-base pellets (150 or 300 mg morphine) elevated
      for 12 days the MV in water-loaded rats. On the 3rd to the 10th day following
      implantation the group mean was approximately twice that of untreated controls.
      After micturition was over no residual urine was found in the bladder. Within 3
      days the rats became tolerant to the antinociceptive action of the morphine-base
      pellets but little apparent tolerance developed to their action on micturition.
      On the 1st day after the pellets were removed, the mean MV was reduced. When
      withdrawal was precipitated by the administration of naloxone the MV was often
      too small to measure. This component of a withdrawal syndrome could be elicited
      in the rats throughout the 12 days of morphine pellet implantation. The
      administration of 20 mg kg-1 morphine sulphate to anaesthetized rats did not
      decrease the contractions of the urinary bladder to repetitive stimulation of its
      motor nerves at 1 and 20 Hz.

PMID- 3708206
TI  - Interaction of some muscarinic agonists and antagonists at the prejunctional
      muscarinic receptor in the rabbit ear artery preparation.
AB  - The inhibitory effect of several muscarinic agonists on responses to sympathetic
      nerve stimulation of the isolated perfused ear artery of the rabbit was compared
      to that of acetylcholine in preparations pretreated with dyflos, cocaine and
      yohimbine. In general the potency of the agonists was similar to that observed at
      peripheral muscarinic sites except for arecaidine propargyl ester and 4-(m
      chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl trimethylammonium chloride (McN-A-343). The
      inhibitory effect observed with N-benzyl-3-pyrrolidyl acetate methobromide (AHR
      602) was not exerted via muscarinic receptors. With carbachol (CCh) as an
      agonist, the antagonist 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide (4-DAMP)
      was found to have a pKB value of 7.74 and thus was 19 fold less active as an
      antagonist of responses to the agonist, than previously reported for guinea-pig
      ileum. When McN-A-343 was used as the agonist, the slope of the Schild plot with
      the antagonist was significantly less than unity. It is suggested that an
      allosteric interaction of 4-DAMP may be involved with this agonist. By use of an
      allosteric model, a pKB of 8.56 for 4-DAMP was obtained. Secoverine produced
      similar pKB values with either CCh (8.19) or McN-A-343 (8.13) as the agonist.

PMID- 3708207
TI  - Aerosolized and intravenously administered leukotrienes: effects on the
      bronchoconstrictor potency of histamine in the guinea-pig.
AB  - The effects of leukotrienes C4 and D4 (LTC4 and LTD4), administered intravenously
      or by aerosol, on the bronchoconstrictor potency of intravenously administered
      histamine have been investigated in anaesthetized, mechanically ventilated guinea
      pigs. LTC4 (2 nM) had no effect on either the EC50 or the maximum contractile
      response to histamine on the isolated trachea of the guinea-pig. At 10 nM, LTC4
      induced a rightward shift in the histamine concentration-response curve without
      affecting the maximum response. LTD4 (0.05-0.20 nmol kg-1, i.v.) dose-dependently
      enhanced histamine (9-36 nmol kg-1, i.v.)-induced increases in airways
      resistance, whereas equibronchoconstrictor doses of LTC4 (0.1-0.4 nmol kg-1,
      i.v.), failed to enhance histamine-induced increases in airways resistance.
      Aerosols of LTC4 and LTD4 generated from solutions of 1-16 microM and
      administered for 30 s, elicited concentration-dependent bronchoconstrictions
      comprising decreases in dynamic compliance and increases in airways resistance.
      At 20 min after exposure to these aerosols, the potency of histamine (9-36 nmol
      kg-1, i.v.) was significantly increased on both airways resistance and dynamic
      compliance. The potentiation induced by LTC4 (4 microM, 30 s) was maintained up
      to 60 min after aerosol exposure whereas that induced by LTD4 (4 microM, 30 s)
      was maintained up to 40 min after aerosol exposure but was not significantly
      different (P greater than 0.05, unpaired Student's t test) to saline-exposed
      animals at 60 min. LTC4 as has been previously reported for LTD4, does not
      enhance the histamine-induced contraction of isolated airways smooth muscle. In
      contrast to LTD4, intravenously administered LTC4 does not appear to enhance
      histamine-induced bronchoconstriction. On the other hand, aerosols of either LTC4
      or LTD4 potentiate histamine in vivo in a concentration-dependent manner. These
      data suggest that leukotrienes may contribute to the regulation of airways
      reactivity to histamine in the guinea-pig.

PMID- 3708208
TI  - Mechanisms of the inhibition by neostigmine of tetanic contraction in the mouse
      diaphragm.
AB  - Neostigmine (0.5-2 microM) caused fade of tetanic contractions (Wedensky
      inhibition) evoked by repetitive nerve stimulation. The mechanism underlying this
      action was studied in intact and cut isolated phrenic nerve-diaphragm
      preparations of mice. The fade was brought about by failure to elicit muscle
      action potentials. During fade, the muscle was unable to conduct directly evoked
      action potentials across the central endplate zone. Recovery of excitability
      occurred in 5 s with continued stimulation. In the presence of neostigmine, the
      resting membrane potential at endplate areas during repetitive stimulation
      decreased from -80 mV to less than -50 mV within the first 10 pulses at 75-200 Hz
      and thereafter recovered gradually to about -60 mV in the following 5 s during
      continuous stimulation. The quantal content of endplate potentials evoked by
      single stimulation was not reduced by neostigmine whereas that evoked by high
      frequency stimuli (75 Hz) was reduced to about 1/3 in 10 pulses. It is concluded
      that the fade of tetanic contraction caused by inhibition of acetylcholinesterase
      is induced by the inactivation of sodium channels in the area surrounding the
      endplates and that the sustained fade is due to a decrease of transmitter
      release. Both effects are the result of acetylcholine accumulation.

PMID- 3708209
TI  - The effect of oxytocin on contractile responses and 45Ca movements in rat
      isolated aortic strips.
AB  - The effects of oxytocin (Oxt) on contractile responses and transmembrane Ca
      fluxes were studied in rat isolated aortic strips. Oxt (50-1000 mu ml-1) induced
      a dose-dependent contractile response and spontaneous myogenic activity. The Oxt
      induced contractile response was not inhibited by pretreatment of aortic strips
      with phentolamine plus practolol, atropine, diphenhydramine plus cimetidine or
      indomethacin, but was significantly reduced by verapamil or deamino-ethyl-Oxt.
      The dose-response curve for Oxt was shifted upwards and to the left by increasing
      the Ca concentration of the medium from 1.8 to 4 mM. Oxt also shifted upwards the
      dose-response curve to Ca (1 to 5 mM) in aortic strips incubated in K
      depolarizing Ca-free media. Oxt increased the La3+-resistant 45Ca content without
      altering 45Ca efflux. The present results suggest that in rat isolated aortic
      strips Oxt produces a contractile response which, as previously found with other
      neurotransmitters, can be partly attributed to an increase of Ca influx through
      receptor-operated channels and to the release of Ca from intracellular stores.

PMID- 3708211
TI  - Comparison of the effects of BRL 34915 and verapamil on electrical and mechanical
      activity in rat portal vein.
AB  - The effects of the novel anti-hypertensive agent BRL 34915, (+/-) 6-cyano-3,4
      dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-trans-4-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidyl)-2H-b enzo[b]pyran-3-ol, have
      been compared with those of verapamil on rat isolated portal vein. BRL 34915
      produced a concentration-dependent reduction in mechanical responses to
      noradrenaline but had relatively little inhibitory effect on K+-induced
      contractions. Verapamil reduced the magnitude of both noradrenaline and K+
      induced mechanical responses. BRL 34915 delayed the appearance of the reduced
      noradrenaline contractions, a property not shared by verapamil. BRL 34915
      abolished spontaneous electrical and mechanical discharges and hyperpolarized the
      portal vein cells close to their calculated potassium equilibrium potential.
      Verapamil inhibited spontaneous electrical and mechanical discharges, effects
      associated with a small depolarization. BRL 34915 produced a significant increase
      in the 86Rb efflux rate coefficient whilst verapamil was without effect on this
      parameter. The inhibitory effects of BRL 34915 were rapid in onset and readily
      reversible by washing, whilst those of verapamil were slower in onset and only
      slowly reversible. It is concluded that the inhibitory effects of BRL 34915 in
      rat portal vein are produced by the opening of potassium channels in the smooth
      muscle cells. This inhibits spike activity and in sufficient concentration holds
      the membrane potential at or close to the potassium equilibrium potential,
      thereby reducing the effects of excitatory agents.

PMID- 3708210
TI  - A GABA-activated chloride-conductance not blocked by picrotoxin on spiny lobster
      neuromuscular preparations.
AB  - Conductance increases to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were recorded in the gm6b
      and opener muscle of the spiny lobsters, Panulirus interruptus and P. argus. GABA
      evoked responses were insensitive to picrotoxin at concentrations as high as 5 X
      10(-5) M. Some blockade by picrotoxin was observed at higher concentrations. In
      normal physiological saline, the reversal potential of the Panulirus GABA-induced
      response was near the resting potential. The reversal potential was unaffected by
      reductions in sodium and calcium. Reduction of chloride by 50% resulted in a
      greater than 10 mV shift in the reversal potential of the GABA-induced response.
      Muscimol was able to mimic the action of GABA while baclofen was without effect.
      Bicuculline was a weak blocker. Avermectin B1a irreversibly increased the
      chloride permeability of the gm6b membrane. This conductance increase was blocked
      by picrotoxin over a range of concentrations similar to those required for
      blockade of the GABA-induced response. GABA-induced responses of the gm6b muscle
      of Homarus americanus were blocked almost completely by picrotoxin 10(-6) M.
      Sensitivity to picrotoxin is not invariably associated with GABA-activated
      chloride-mediated conductance increases. It is suggested that alteration in the
      binding-site for picrotoxin on the GABA-activated chloride-ion channel does not
      change other functional characteristics of the GABA-induced response.

PMID- 3708212
TI  - A protective effect of sulphinpyrazone against coronary occlusion-induced
      shortening of myocardial refractory periods in the rat.
AB  - The hearts of anaesthetized, artificially ventilated rats were exposed, and the
      left coronary artery occluded. The diastolic threshold voltage for stimulation
      (DTV), the duration of the bipolar electrogram (DBE) and the functional
      refractory period (FRP) of the ischaemic area were measured at minute intervals
      for an hour after occlusion. Coronary occlusion caused a rise in DTV, a
      prolongation of the DBE and a biphasic change in the FRP, with an initial
      prolongation phase (1-4 min) followed by a decline to below pre-occlusion values
      (5-15 min). Episodes of ventricular tachyarrhythmia (VT) were most frequent
      during the period 5-15 min after the onset of occlusion of the coronary artery.
      This coincided with the period when FRP was minimal and the difference between
      DBE and FRP was maximal. Pretreatment of rats with sulphinpyrazone (2.5-40 mg kg
      1) or indomethacin (5-20 mg kg-1) protected against the episodes of coronary
      occlusion-induced VT and against the associated decline in FRP of the ischaemic
      muscle. Sulphinpyrazone was more effective than indomethacin in this respect and
      a combination of the two drugs was approximately as effective as sulphinpyrazone
      alone. It was concluded that sulphinpyrazone protects rats against coronary
      occlusion-induced episodes of VT by reducing the risk of ventricular action
      potential re-entry. This effect is probably due to protection against the
      ischaemia-induced shortening of the myocardial FRP.

PMID- 3708213
TI  - The anaphylactic release of platelet-activating factor from perfused guinea-pig
      lungs.
AB  - The release of platelet-activating factor (Paf-acether) and of its inactive
      precursor/metabolite lyso-platelet activating factor (lyso-Paf) from control and
      sensitized guinea-pig isolated lungs challenged with antigen was investigated.
      Control guinea-pig lungs perfused either through the pulmonary circulation or
      through the airways and challenged with antigen did not release Paf-acether.
      Sensitized guinea-pig isolated lungs perfused through the pulmonary circulation
      and challenged with antigen released lyso-Paf but not Paf-acether. Sensitized
      guinea-pig isolated lungs perfused through the airways and challenged with
      antigen released three times more lyso-Paf and also Paf-acether. These results
      support a possible role for Paf-acether in respiratory anaphylaxis in the guinea
      pig.

PMID- 3708214
TI  - The effect of clonidine on venous haemodynamics in cats and dogs.
AB  - Experiments were undertaken to investigate a possible action of clonidine on
      venous haemodynamics, using cats and dogs with autoperfused hindquarters. This
      provided an arterial input to the region independent of cardiac output. Venous
      capacitance in the hindquarters was indicated by blood flow in the abdominal vena
      cava, as measured by an electromagnetic flow probe around this vessel. It was
      found that in both cats and dogs, clonidine given intravenously (5 micrograms kg
      1 i.v.) or into the cisterna magna (1 microgram kg-1 i.c.m.) reduced mean
      arterial pressure and heart rate, but did not decrease hindquarter perfusion
      pressure. With the exception of dogs given i.v. clonidine, this drug caused a
      decrease in inferior vena cava (IVC) blood flow and this closely paralleled the
      hypotensive effect. However, when clonidine was given i.v. to dogs, the decrease
      in IVC blood flow preceded the hypotension. At the doses used, the reduction in
      IVC blood flow was larger following i.v. than i.c.m. clonidine in both species,
      and in all cases, it remained below control levels for at least 30 min, in spite
      of the constant arterial input to the region. In cats, dose-response curves were
      constructed to noradrenaline and adrenaline given into the perfusion circuit
      (i.a.) before and after clonidine. Following i.v. and i.c.m. clonidine, there was
      a selective depression of the venoconstrictor actions of the catecholamines, but
      no change in the arterial pressor action. Radiographic and latex studies in the
      dog and cat respectively were performed in order to visualize collateral blood
      flow that could account for the persistent decreases in IVC blood flow. In both
      species, intraspinal collateral flows were demonstrated which returned blood to
      the heart after ligation of the inferior vena cava below the renal veins.
      However, it was not possible to demonstrate radiographically any changes produced
      by clonidine in the collateral flow because of technical difficulties. These
      results suggest that clonidine causes a selective reduction in sympathetic tone
      to the veins that is mediated at least partly by a central action, as well as an
      expansion of the collateral venous routes. This, together with the selective
      impairment of venoconstrictor responses to both noradrenaline and adrenaline, may
      account for the decrease in cardiac output that is most often reported following
      clonidine.

PMID- 3708215
TI  - Postganglionic muscarinic inhibitory receptors in pulmonary parasympathetic
      nerves in the guinea-pig.
AB  - The location of neuronal inhibitory muscarinic receptors in pulmonary
      parasympathetic nerves was investigated in vivo and in vitro. The effects of an
      agonist for neuronal muscarinic receptors (pilocarpine) and an antagonist
      (gallamine) were tested on contractions of airway smooth muscle induced by pre-
      and postganglionic cholinergic nerve stimulation. In anaesthetized guinea-pigs,
      gallamine potentiated constriction of the tracheal tube and smaller airways
      induced by preganglionic stimulation. Gallamine also potentiated postganglionic
      stimulation induced by transmural stimulation of the tracheal tube and by 1-1
      dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium iodide in the rest of the lung. Bronchoconstriction
      and contraction of the tracheal tube induced by intravenous acetylcholine were
      not potentiated by gallamine, indicating that postjunctional muscarinic receptors
      in airway smooth muscle were not involved in the potentiation. The muscarinic
      agonist, pilocarpine, had the opposite effect to gallamine and inhibited
      contractions of the tracheal tube induced by both types of nerve stimulation. In
      vitro, the inhibitory effect of pilocarpine was demonstrated in the tracheal tube
      preparation stimulated both pre- and postganglionically. The effect of
      pilocarpine was antagonized by gallamine. Because gallamine and pilocarpine
      affected the responses to postganglionic stimulation, the inhibitory muscarinic
      receptors must be located on the postganglionic neurones of the parasympathetic
      nerves innervating the trachea and the smaller airways. However, these
      experiments cannot exclude the possibility that muscarinic receptors may also be
      located on the soma of the ganglion cells.

PMID- 3708216
TI  - Effect of the adenosine antagonist 8-phenyltheophylline on glycerol-induced acute
      renal failure in the rat.
AB  - 8-Phenyltheophylline (8-PT)(10 mg kg-1) or its vehicle(1 ml kg-1) were
      administered intravenously or intraperitoneally twice daily over 48 h to rats
      with acute renal failure (ARF) induced by intramuscular (i.m.) injection of
      glycerol. Rats treated with 8-PT i.v. had significantly lower plasma urea and
      creatinine levels at 24 and 48 h compared to untreated animals. The vehicle also
      reduced plasma urea and creatinine when compared to untreated controls. However,
      plasma urea levels in 8-PT-treated rats were significantly lower than in vehicle
      treated animals at 24 and 48 h after both i.v. and i.p. administration. Plasma
      creatinine concentrations also tended to be lower in the 8-PT-treated group. [3H]
      inulin clearance at 48 h after i.m. glycerol was significantly greater in rats
      dosed i.p. with 8-PT compared to either untreated or vehicle treated rats.
      Examination of kidneys taken from rats 48 h after i.m. glycerol showed that 8-PT
      treatment significantly reduced renal damage and kidney weight compared to the
      untreated or vehicle-treated groups. In a 7 day study all the rats which received
      8-PT i.p. survived whilst in the vehicle and untreated groups the mortality rates
      were 12 and 21% respectively. In a separate series of experiments 8-PT (10 mg kg
      1, i.v. or i.p.) was found to antagonize adenosine-induced bradycardia in
      conscious rats for up to 5 h. There is no clear explanation for the partial
      protection afforded by the vehicle but it may be related to either its alkalinity
      or an osmotic effect produced by the polyethylene glycol component. 9 The
      protective effect of 8-PT in rats with ARF was probably the result of adenosine
      antagonism.

PMID- 3708217
TI  - Effects of calcium antagonistic drugs on the electrical activity of rabbit sino
      atrial node.
AB  - The effects of several calcium antagonistic drugs (slow channel blockers),
      mesudipine, FR-34235 (nilvadipine), nifedipine, and verapamil, were compared on
      the naturally-occurring slow action potentials (APs) of the isolated
      spontaneously-contracting sinoatrial (SA)-node of the rabbit. Mesudipine, at 1 X
      10(-8) M, had little or no effect on the AP parameters and beating frequency. At
      1 X 10(-7) M, mesudipine depressed the amplitude, + Vmax and frequency of the
      APs. A higher concentration of mesudipine (3 X 10(-7) M) completely blocked the
      slow APs. The concentration of FR-34235 required for 50% depression of Vmax was 3
      X 10(-8) M, and complete block required 1 X 10(-7) M. The verapamil and
      nifedipine concentrations required for complete block were 1 X 10(-6) M and 1 X
      10(-7) M, respectively. The cells blocked by these drugs were depolarized to
      about -40 mV. Cells blocked and depolarized by the drugs responded to intensive
      field stimulation with a transient after-hyperpolarization, followed by damped
      oscillations. When [Ca]o was elevated from 1.8 mM to 5.4 mM, full block required
      a higher concentration of mesudipine (1 X 10(-6)M) and FR-34235 (1 X 10(-6)M).
      The order of potency of the drugs tested was: nifedipine = FR-34235 greater than
      mesudipine greater than verapamil. The effects of mesudipine, FR-34235, and
      nifedipine were easily reversible upon washout for 10 min, whereas those of
      verapamil required longer periods. The results indicate that the slow channel
      blockers, mesudipine, FR-34235, nifedipine, and verapamil depress the APs and
      automaticity of the SA-node.

PMID- 3708218
TI  - Positive inotropic action of saponins on isolated atrial and papillary muscles
      from the guinea-pig.
AB  - The effects of several saponins of animal and plant origin on the contractile
      activity of atrial and papillary muscles of the guinea-pig were tested. In a
      concentration of 1 X 10(-5)M, holothurin-A (HL-A), holothurin-B, echinoside-A,
      echinoside-B and sakuraso-saponin (Saku) exhibited positive inotropic and
      chronotropic actions whereas desacyl-jego-saponin and ginsenoside-Rd did not.
      Saponins having a positive inotropic action caused haemolysis of rabbit
      erythrocytes whereas those without inotropic action did not cause haemolysis. The
      positive inotropic action of saponins was not affected by practolol,
      chlorpheniramine, cimetidine and indomethacin. Verapamil (10(-6)M) inhibited the
      inotropic actions due to HL-A and isoprenaline (10(-8)M) to the same extent but
      had a small effect on those due to ouabain (10(-7)M). In high K+ (30 mM K+)
      medium where the action potential and the contraction were depressed, HL-A, Saku
      and isoprenaline restored the action potential and the contraction of the 'slow
      response' type whereas ouabain failed to do so. In normal medium HL-A and Saku
      reduced the resting membrane potential by 15-20 mV. These results suggest that
      modification of the Ca channel is involved in the positive inotropic action of
      saponins.

PMID- 3708219
TI  - Effect of long term amineptine treatment on pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms in
      rat brain.
AB  - The effect of amineptine and its two metabolites on monoamine uptake, release and
      receptor binding was studied in vitro. Amineptine and its two metabolites did not
      displace labelled ligands for known neurotransmitters and drug receptor sites.
      Amineptine and its two metabolites did not influence [3H]-5-hydroxytryptamine
      ([3H]-5-HT) uptake or release by rat brain synaptosomes. Amineptine inhibited
      [3H]-dopamine and [3H]-noradrenaline ([3H]-NA) accumulation, with IC50 values of
      1.4 and 10 microM, respectively. The effect was retained, though with lower
      efficacy, by the two metabolites. Amineptine released [3H]-dopamine from
      preloaded synaptosomes. Metabolite 1 had no effect on catecholamine release, and
      metabolite 2 was about half as active as the parent compound on [3H]-dopamine
      release. The releasing effect of amineptine on [3H]-dopamine was potentiated by
      reserpine pretreatment, suggesting that the drug acts on the cytoplasmic
      neurotransmitter pool. Chronic treatment with amineptine (20 mg kg-1, twice daily
      for 15 days followed by a 3 days drug withdrawal period) resulted in a decrease
      of [3H]-spiperone binding sites in striatum, and of [3H]-dihyroalprenolol and
      [3H]-clonidine in cortex. Chronic treatment with amineptine reduced basal [3H]
      dopamine accumulation in striatal synaptosomes, without affecting [3H]-NA or [3H]
      5-HT accumulation. The adaptive changes in the pre- and postsynaptic dopamine
      mechanisms observed after long term treatment with amineptine are consistent with
      the drug acting as an indirect dopamine agonist. The down regulation of beta- and
      alpha 2-noradrenoceptors observed after long term amineptine treatment may play a
      role in the antidepressant activity of the drug.

PMID- 3708220
TI  - Effects of calcium, calcium entry blockers and calmodulin inhibitors on
      atrioventricular conduction disturbances induced by hypoxia.
AB  - Effects of hypoxia on atrioventricular conduction were investigated in the
      Langendorff-perfused isolated heart of the rabbit with various extracellular
      calcium concentrations ([Ca2+]) as well as in the presence of verapamil,
      nifedipine, N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulphonamide (W-7) and
      chlorpromazine. The prolongation of the atrio-His (AH) interval by hypoxia for 7
      min was greater with increasing [Ca2+]o ranging from 1.2 to 5.2 mM. At [Ca2+]o of
      over 3.2 mM under hypoxic conditions, AH block of the Wenckebach type was
      observed in some cases. Verapamil (5 X 10(-8) M) and nifedipine (5 X 10(-8) M)
      caused a significant prolongation of AH intervals before hypoxia. However, the
      intensity of AH prolongation due to hypoxia was significantly attenuated in the
      presence of the calcium entry blocker, and AH block was not induced even at 3.2
      mM [Ca2+]o. W-7 (5 X 10(-6) M) and chlorpromazine (10(-6) M) did not affect the
      AH intervals before hypoxia. The hypoxia-induced prolongation of the AH interval
      or AH block was prevented in the presence of these drugs. W-5, a chlorine
      deficient derivative of W-7, showed no protection against hypoxia-induced AV
      nodal conduction disturbances. These findings suggest that hypoxia-induced AV
      nodal conduction disturbance is explained, at least in part, by the electrical
      uncoupling of nodal cells, probably due to the calcium overload. This conduction
      disturbance is protected by calcium entry blockers or by calmodulin inhibitors,
      but the mode of protective action is not the same for these different categories
      of drugs.

PMID- 3708222
TI  - Kinin-induced prostaglandin release in rat colon does not display serosal/mucosal
      'sidedness' after epithelial removal.
AB  - Release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) from rat colon in response to 1 microM
      lysylbradykinin (LBk) displayed 'sidedness' in preparations with an intact
      epithelial cell layer (PGE2 release, sensitivity to LBk and inhibition by
      indomethacin all occurred on the serosal side only). Preparations with
      histologically-verified removal of the epithelial layer and which were
      impermeable to prostaglandins (i.e. intact) continued to demonstrate LBk-induced
      PGE2 generation, but this and indomethacin inhibition did not display sidedness.
      The results show that kinin-induced PGE2 derives principally from cells in the
      lamina propria and not from the epithelial cells as previously supposed, and that
      the apparent sidedness of LBk responsiveness, PGE2 generation and its inhibition
      by indomethacin results from the barrier property of the epithelial cells and is
      not indicative of an asymmetric response.

PMID- 3708221
TI  - Stereoselective accumulation of hydroxylated metabolites of amphetamine in rat
      striatum and hypothalamus.
AB  - The stereoselective accumulation of alpha-methyl-p-tyramine (AMPT) and alpha
      methyl-p-octopamine (AMPO) in rat striatum and hypothalamus after acute and
      chronic administration of the (+)- and (-)-isomers of amphetamine (Amphet) and
      the acute administration of (+)- and (-)-AMPT has been investigated by chemical
      ionization gas chromatography mass spectrometry (c.i.g.c.m.s.). Two h after the
      administration of (+)- or (-)-AMPT (5 mg kg-1 i.p.), the concentrations of the
      isomers in striatal tissue were approximately equal; 18 h later, the
      concentration of the (+)-isomer was 10 times that of the (-)-isomer. The
      concentrations of AMPO in the striatum and hypothalamus 20 h after administration
      of (+)-AMPT were 68 ng g-1 and 484 ng g-1 respectively. After the administration
      of the (-)-isomer of AMPT, small quantities of AMPO were detected in both brain
      areas. Twenty h after the last of 7 daily injections of (+)-Amphet (5 mg kg-1,
      i.p.), the concentration of AMPO in the hypothalamus was 5.4 times the
      concentration at 20 h after one injection. In the striatum, the corresponding
      ratio for AMPO was 3.5 and for AMPT was 2.5. These data indicate that, although
      both isomers of AMPT formed from Amphet administered systemically, cross the
      blood brain barrier, the (+)-isomers AMPT and AMPO are preferentially stored in
      striatal and hypothalamic aminergic nerve terminals. The accumulations of AMPT
      and AMPO in rat striatum and hypothalamus after chronic administration of Amphet
      demonstrates that these metabolites persist in neuronal storage in these brain
      areas for days after administration. The half-lives of (+)-AMPT and (+)-AMPO in
      striatal neuronal storage, calculated from this data, were 1.5 days and 2.5 days,
      respectively. The corresponding half-life for hypothalamic (+)-AMPO was 7 days.
      7. These findings suggest the involvement of accumulated AMPT and AMPO in the
      development of behavioural augmentation to repeated injections of Amphet (Randrup
      & Munkvad, 1970).

PMID- 3708223
TI  - Modulation of [3H]-dopamine released by different frequencies of stimulation from
      rabbit retina.
AB  - Rabbit retinal pieces were incubated with [3H]-dopamine and superfused with Krebs
      solution. Calcium-dependent tritium release was elicited twice within each
      experiment by electrical field stimulation (360 pulses, 2 ms, 20 mA) at
      frequencies of 1 Hz, 3 Hz, and 6 Hz. The evoked release of [3H]-dopamine for the
      first period of stimulation (S1) was 2.09 +/- 0.23% (n = 5) at 1 Hz and was of
      similar magnitude at all other frequencies of stimulation employed. The D2
      dopamine receptor agonist, LY 171555 (quinpirole HCl; 0.01-1 microM) added to the
      superfusion medium before the second period of stimulation, inhibited the calcium
      dependent release of [3H]-dopamine in a concentration-dependent manner, and was
      more potent the lower the stimulation frequency. The isomer of quinpirole, LY
      181990 (0.01-1 microM) did not inhibit the stimulation-evoked overflow of
      tritium, regardless of concentration or stimulation frequency. The stereoisomers
      of the D2-dopamine receptor antagonist sulpiride (0.01-3 microM) increased the
      calcium-dependent release of [3H]-dopamine in a concentration-dependent manner,
      being more potent the higher the frequency of stimulation. S-sulpiride was more
      potent than R-sulpiride at all stimulation frequencies. The inhibitory effect of
      quinpirole was stereoselectively antagonized by sulpiride, but not by LY 181990.
      The alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist phentolamine (1 microM) did not modify the
      quinpirole-induced inhibition of [3H]-dopamine release. When the synaptic
      concentration of dopamine was increased by the presence of the dopamine uptake
      inhibitor nomifensine (3 microM), the potency of the agonist quinpirole in
      inhibiting the release of [3H]-dopamine elicited by field stimulation at 1 Hz
      (180 pulses) was decreased. In contrast, the potency of S-sulpiride in enhancing
      the evoked release of [3H]-dopamine was increased when nomifensine was present in
      the superfusion medium. Picomolar concentrations of the hormone melatonin (0.1-10
      nM) inhibited the calcium-dependent release of [3H]-dopamine from rabbit retina
      with the same potency regardless of the frequency of stimulation applied (1 Hz, 3
      Hz or 6 Hz). The potency of D2-dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists in
      modifying [3H]-dopamine release from rabbit retina appears to depend on the
      synaptic concentration of dopamine which is altered by the frequency of
      stimulation, and by the dopamine uptake inhibitor nomifensine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3708224
TI  - Propylbenzilylcholine mustard is selective for rat heart muscarinic receptors
      having a low affinity for agonists.
AB  - Propylbenzilylcholine mustard (PrBCM), an irreversible muscarinic antagonist,
      inactivated receptors with a low affinity for agonists faster than those with a
      high affinity in rat heart membranes. This result was obtained using either: (a)
      a low ionic strength buffer (allowing heterogeneity among antagonist binding
      sites, (b) the same buffer enriched with GTP, or (c) a high ionic strength buffer
      (where antagonists showed similar binding characteristics to all receptors).
      These data suggest either that PrBCM is a 'selective' antagonist which detects
      conformational differences between low and high affinity receptors, or that the
      agonist affinity of cardiac muscarinic receptors is determined, in part, by the
      relative concentrations of receptor and GTP binding protein.

PMID- 3708225
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and antiarrhythmic activity of ajmaline in rats subjected to
      coronary artery occlusion.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics and the antiarrhythmic action of intravenous ajmaline were
      investigated in anaesthetized rats subjected to coronary artery occlusion.
      Ajmaline (0.125-2 mg kg-1, i.v. given just after occlusion) suppressed
      arrhythmias in a dose-dependent manner, judged by the reduction of premature
      ventricular complexes. The incidence of malignant arrhythmias (ventricular
      tachycardia and fibrillation) was preferentially suppressed at the higher doses
      of ajmaline (1 and 2 mg kg-1). Coronary occlusion induced a change in
      pharmacokinetics of ajmaline (2 mg kg-1) and its total body blood clearance was
      significantly decreased from 56.6 ml min-1 kg-1 in sham-operated rats to 43.1 ml
      min-1 kg-1 in rats after coronary occlusion. Ajmaline exhibited a significantly
      increased negative dromotropic action (increased PQ interval) in rats after
      coronary occlusion compared with that in sham-operated rats. The difference seems
      to be due to the pharmacokinetic change since the concentration-effect
      relationship was similar in the two groups of rats. We suggest that the
      measurement of drug levels is important in the assessment of antiarrhythmic
      agents.

PMID- 3708226
TI  - How is ventilation maintained in the presence of the muscle relaxant, dantrolene
      sodium? A study in the anaesthetized rat.
AB  - The effects of intravenous injection of the muscle relaxant dantrolene sodium on
      ventilation, integrated EMG of external intercostal muscles and motor unit
      discharge in these muscles were measured in anaesthetized rats. Dantrolene sodium
      was administered in a carrier solution at pH 10. The carrier was not responsible
      for the effects seen on dantrolene sodium infusion. Dantrolene sodium (5 mg kg-1
      body weight) reduced inspired ventilation (VI) on average from 308 +/- 106 ml min
      1 (s.d., n = 8) in the control period to 247 +/- 118 ml min-1 (n = 8) after
      dantrolene sodium. Expired ventilation was reduced likewise from 274 +/- 132 ml
      min-1 (n = 8) to 229 +/- 109 ml min-1 (n = 8). These changes are significant at P
      less than 0.05. The integrated EMG was increased by 40.0 +/- 29.3% (n = 9), a
      change significant at P less than 0.001. Dantrolene sodium not only decreased the
      mean interspike interval of individual motor units by 16.2 +/- 11.1% (n = 13), a
      change significant at P less than 0.001, but also increased the duration of the
      burst of activity of each individual motor unit on average by 36.2 +/- 52.4% (n =
      13), a change significant at P less than 0.05. The recruitment of additional
      motor units was also effected by dantrolene sodium. These units did not behave in
      any noticeably different manner from units previously active. It is concluded
      that the nervous system compensates for the effect of dantrolene sodium only to a
      limited extent by increasing the frequency of discharge of active motor units.
      Recruitment ofadditional motor units and increased burst duration play at least
      as important a role.

PMID- 3708227
TI  - Involvement of enteric neurones in the response of guinea-pig ileum preparations
      to metoclopramide.
AB  - The role of myenteric neurones in mediating the stimulant effects of
      metoclopramide in vitro in the guinea-pig ileum has been investigated using the
      non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100. Histological examination of the ileum 30 days
      after application of Triton X-100 to the serosal surface demonstrated a marked
      reduction in the number of ganglion cells and nerve elements in the myenteric
      plexus. Longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus (LM-MP) preparations from Triton X
      100-treated animals were unresponsive to dimethylphenylpiperazinium and responded
      poorly or not at all to electrical field stimulation. Metoclopramide (30 microM)
      elicited small contractions in LM-MP preparations from control and sham-operated
      animals but failed to contract Triton X-100-treated tissues. However, tissues
      responded in a similar manner to exogenous acetylcholine (ACh). These results
      demonstrate the importance of a prejunctional site of action for metoclopramide
      in this tissue and suggest that contractile responses to the drug are mediated
      indirectly, probably by increased release of ACh from myenteric neurones.

PMID- 3708228
TI  - Rheumatoid arthritis and the gut.

PMID- 3708229
TI  - Association between cheiroarthropathy and frozen shoulder in patients with
      insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Twenty-nine patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) were
      identified as having cheiroarthropathy. They were compared for the presence of
      shoulder problems with 28 controls with normal hands, matched for age, sex and
      duration of diabetes mellitus. Frozen shoulder was diagnosed in 13 of the 29
      patients with cheiroarthropathy--10 with bilateral frozen shoulder, and in two of
      the 28 control patients--one bilateral (p = 0.0025). The increased incidence of
      frozen shoulder in patients with cheiroarthropathy has not been described
      previously. There was an increased frequency of microvascular complications in
      the diabetic patients with cheiroarthropathy compared with the controls. Advanced
      retinopathy was present in 18 of the 29 cheiroarthropathy patients, of whom six
      were blind, compared with seven of the 28 controls, of whom none was blind (p =
      0.003). Peripheral neuropathy was found in 28 of the 29 cheiroarthropathy
      patients and in seven of the 28 controls (p = 0.001). There was no significant
      difference between the two groups in the frequency of nephropathy or in the
      degree of diabetic control.

PMID- 3708230
TI  - Limitation of joint mobility and shoulder capsulitis in insulin- and non-insulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Limited joint mobility and shoulder capsulitis were evaluated in 109 consecutive
      diabetic patients attending an out-patient diabetic clinic. Forty-nine had
      insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and 60 had non-insulin-dependent
      diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Seventy-five normal subjects were also examined.
      Limitation of joint mobility was detected in 24 (49%) patients with IDDM and in
      31 (52%) patients with NIDDM but in only 17 (20%) normal subjects (p less than
      0.001). There were no significant differences between diabetic patients with and
      without joint limitation with regard to age, sex, type of DM, mean daily insulin
      dosage and overall diabetic control as assessed by estimation of glycosylated
      haemoglobin concentration. However, patients with impaired joint mobility had a
      longer duration of diabetes (p = 0.01) and a significantly increased frequency of
      retinopathy compared to patients without joint limitation (p less than 0.05).
      Normal subjects with restricted joint mobility were older than those without
      restriction (p = 0.05). Shoulder capsulitis was present in 19% of patients with
      diabetes mellitus and 5% of normal subjects. However, there was no significant
      association between limited joint mobility and shoulder capsulitis in the
      diabetics.

PMID- 3708231
TI  - Haematological reassessment of rheumatoid arthritis using an automated method.
AB  - Thirteen haematological parameters were measured in 44 patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis (RA) and 39 disease control patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).
      Using a 10 000 cells per sample automated differential counter the most frequent
      abnormalities found were monocytopenia, low numbers of large unstained cells,
      basophilia and increased numbers of cells with high peroxidase activity (HPX).
      The total white cell count, lymphocyte and monocyte counts, the HPX count,
      platelet distribution width and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were able to
      distinguish RA from AS at a statistically significant level. Discriminant
      function analysis showed that a maximum of 55% of RA patients could be correctly
      classified into disease state when combinations of six out of seven laboratory
      tests were used.

PMID- 3708232
TI  - Reversible myocardial perfusion defects during cold challenge in scleroderma.
AB  - Myocardial perfusion was studied using 201thallium scintigraphy in patients with
      Raynaud's phenomenon undergoing cold challenge. Ten patients with systemic
      sclerosis and 10 with other systemic rheumatic diseases were selected. Patients
      with clinical features of cardiac disease were not included. Both groups of
      patients had similar cold-induced elevations of pulse rate and systolic and
      diastolic blood pressure. Reversible perfusion abnormalities suggesting cold
      induced ischaemia were seen in four of the ten patients with systemic sclerosis,
      but in none of the patients with other rheumatic diseases. This study supports
      the suggestion that the vascular disorder in scleroderma differs from that seen
      in other rheumatic diseases which are associated with Raynaud's phenomenon.

PMID- 3708233
TI  - 111Indium-labelled polymorphonuclear leucocyte scans in rheumatoid arthritis--an
      important clinical cause of false positive results.
AB  - The presence of rheumatoid arthritis in patients undergoing 111indium-labelled
      polymorphonuclear leucocyte scanning represents a source of possible diagnostic
      confusion. In such patients, the labelled cells frequently accumulate over the
      caecum and ascending colon, despite the absence of obvious pathology of the large
      bowel. The aetiology of this effect is unknown.

PMID- 3708234
TI  - A review of 100 patients with ankylosing spondylitis with particular reference to
      socio-economic effects.
AB  - One hundred patients with ankylosing spondylitis of at least 5 years' duration
      were interviewed and examined. In addition to musculoskeletal symptoms, 11
      subjects had evidence of a variety of neurological complaints. Nine were
      unemployed and only nine of the remainder felt the disease had seriously affected
      their employment. One third of patients had been off work for more than 2 months
      in the course of the disease but frequently due to associated illness. Most
      patients did not experience disability with household activities but peripheral
      joint involvement or serious spinal stiffness increased this risk. Symptoms
      referrable to athletic pursuits may have first drawn attention to the disease in
      some individuals and sporting activities were curtailed at a younger age than in
      controls. Driving caused difficulties in up to 50% of subjects due to poor all
      round vision. Cervical spine fractures occurred in two patients.

PMID- 3708235
TI  - Car safety belts: a study of two models adapted for people with arthritis.
AB  - People with arthritis find car seat belts difficult to use. Sixteen arthritic
      patients and 19 healthy volunteers completed a comparative study of one standard
      inertia-reel belt and two adapted inertia-reel belts with reduced retraction
      forces. Those with arthritis were strong enough to use the standard belt but both
      adapted belts had features making them easier to use.

PMID- 3708236
TI  - Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire modified to assess disability in British
      patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - The Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire was modified for use amongst British
      patients by the substitution of colloquial expressions. Completion of the
      modified questionnaire was shown to be simplified compared with the original.
      Results correlated well with scores obtained at interview and were shown to be
      more sensitive to patients' functional changes than the Steinbrocker grading.

PMID- 3708237
TI  - The persistence of clinical and radiological features after intervertebral disc
      calcification of childhood.
AB  - A case is reported in which clinical and radiological abnormalities were present
      nine years after the initial acute presentation of intervertebral disc
      calcification of childhood. In view of the major anatomical and pathological
      changes that have been described with this condition it is suggested that the
      prognosis should be guarded.

PMID- 3708238
TI  - An unusual case of sarcoid dactylitis.
AB  - A woman presented with sarcoid dactylitis involving a single phalanx with an
      atypical radiological image. The only other features of sarcoid were subcutaneous
      nodules.

PMID- 3708239
TI  - Drug-induced lupus caused by very-low-dose hydralazine.

PMID- 3708240
TI  - Neuropsychiatric disorders in mixed connective tissue disease.

PMID- 3708241
TI  - Immune deposits in the skin of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 3708242
TI  - Intestinal permeability and inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 3708243
TI  - D-penicillamine and psoriatic arthropathy.

PMID- 3708244
TI  - Antirheumatic medication in pregnancy.

PMID- 3708245
TI  - Screening for new antirheumatic drugs.

PMID- 3708246
TI  - British Society for Rheumatology. Spring meeting. Dublin, 18-20 June 1986.
      Abstracts.

PMID- 3708247
TI  - Regional lung function impairment following post-operative radiotherapy for
      breast cancer using direct or tangential field techniques.
AB  - We have compared the effect of tangential and direct irradiation on regional lung
      function in 22 consecutive patients with breast cancer, who had been treated by
      post-operative irradiation 3 months prior to the examination. The tangential
      technique (total dose 32-36 Gy, less than 5 Gy of the lung) was employed in eight
      of the patients, while the direct technique (total dose 40 Gy, 5-20 Gy to the
      lung) was used in the other 14. In the group that had been treated by the
      tangential technique, there was no impairment of the ventilation or perfusion of
      the irradiated lung compared with the contralateral lung. The radiographs of the
      thorax were all normal. In the group that had been treated by the direct
      technique, there was a reduction in both the ventilation and the perfusion in 12
      of the patients (p less than 0.01). The radiographs of the thorax were abnormal
      in only seven of these 12 patients. In both groups the regional leakiness of the
      lungs was evaluated as the pulmonary clearance of inhaled nebulised 99Tcm-DTPA.
      Due to differences in smoking habits between and within the groups, the results
      were not conclusive. It is concluded that the regional lung function was not
      significantly affected by the tangential technique, in contrast to a pronounced
      and harmful effect of the direct technique.

PMID- 3708248
TI  - In vivo evaluation of myocardial infarction by computed tomography: an experiment
      with electrocardiographic gating.
AB  - Retrospectively gated and ungated images of normal and 24 h post-infarction mini
      pig hearts were obtained. The 11 imaged infarcts were transcatheter embolisation
      of the branches of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Using a contrast
      infusion technique and scanning during infusion, four infarcts were clearly
      detected as low-attenuation areas in the myocardium, one of these showing
      adjacent contrast enhancement. Two other infarcts showed as enhancing regions.
      Two small infarcts (0.8-1.0 cm3) were not detected and three others were in
      doubt. Streaking and other artefacts presented difficulties in image
      interpretation, which were sometimes resolved by gating. A comparison is made of
      these findings with those obtained from experiments with dogs, of comparable
      methodology. Differences are considered to result from anatomical differences
      between the two species, more particularly in the collateral blood supply to the
      myocardium.

PMID- 3708249
TI  - Who has most epidural fat? Information from computed tomography.
AB  - The amount of epidural fat at the L3 level was assessed in 30 consecutive
      patients undergoing computed tomography of the lumbar spine. The amount of fat
      around the antero-posterior diameter of the canal, the thecal cross-sectional
      area and the obesity index. Men had a greater quantity of epidural fat than
      women, although this difference did not reach statistical significance when
      allowances were made for the inherent difference in size of vertebral structures
      between the sexes.

PMID- 3708250
TI  - Cholesterol granuloma of the facial skeleton.

PMID- 3708251
TI  - A prospective study of mammographic parenchymal patterns and risk of breast
      cancer.
AB  - Breast parenchymal patterns have been assessed by the method of Wolfe in a
      prospective study in Guernsey. Women with P2 or DY grades had approximately four
      times the risk of developing breast cancer compared with those with N1 or P1
      grades. Age, weight, parity and age at birth of first child are all related to
      the distribution of mammographic patterns. The combination of these variables
      with Wolfe grades may identify subsets of the population at very high risk.

PMID- 3708252
TI  - The measurement of limb blood flow using technetium-labelled red blood cells.
AB  - A method for measuring blood flow below the knee during reactive hyperaemia
      induced by 3 min of arterial occlusion has been developed. Subjects are
      positioned with lower limbs within the field of view of a gamma camera and
      pneumatic cuffs are placed below the knees to isolate the blood and induce a
      hyperaemic response. The remaining blood pool is labelled with 99Tcm-labelled red
      cells. Blood flows have been derived from the initial gradients of time-activity
      curves and from equilibrium blood sampling. The technique has been validated
      using a tissue-equivalent leg phantom and peristaltic pump. The method has been
      applied to a small group of patients with peripheral vascular disease and to
      normal controls. The mean value (+/- SD) of limb perfusion for normal controls
      was found to be 16.4 +/- 3.0 ml/100 ml/min and for patients with intermittent
      claudication was 5.1 +/- 2.6 ml/100 ml/min. Flow measurements are found to
      correlate with clinical findings and with symptoms. Reproducibility (established
      by repeated measurements) is high. The method is well tolerated even by patients
      suffering from rest pain.

PMID- 3708253
TI  - Gastric emphysema demonstrated by computed tomography.

PMID- 3708254
TI  - Ultrasonically guided fine-needle biopsy for histological sampling of suspect
      parathyroid tissue.

PMID- 3708255
TI  - Arteriohepatic dysplasia.

PMID- 3708256
TI  - Solution to a knotty biliary drainage problem.

PMID- 3708257
TI  - Case of the month. An inevitable progression?

PMID- 3708258
TI  - Radiotherapy employing three fractions in each day over a continuous period of 12
      days.

PMID- 3708259
TI  - Early experience with combined interstitial hyperthermia and brachytherapy.

PMID- 3708260
TI  - Dosimetry of the neutron beams at Hammersmith and Edinburgh.

PMID- 3708261
TI  - Reactions to radiographic contrast media: an attempt to detect specific anti
      contrast medium antibodies in the sera of reactor patients.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay was used in an attempt to detect specific anti-contrast medium
      antibodies in the sera of a group of 68 patients who reacted to radiographic
      contrast media and a group of 30 age-, sex- and disease-matched control patients
      who did not react. No evidence of specific antibodies of the IgG or IgE classes
      was demonstrated in these two groups. The results suggest the lack of an antibody
      mediated aetiology for reactions to radiographic contrast media.

PMID- 3708263
TI  - Measurement of total lung water from nuclear magnetic resonance images.
AB  - An accurate, non-invasive means of measuring pulmonary water is desirable, for
      both clinical and research use. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging is
      theoretically very suitable for this purpose. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
      spectroscopy was used to show that the water content of lung tissue could be
      predicted accurately from the intensity of signal resulting from a 90 degree
      saturation recovery sequence. The water contained in an image section may,
      therefore, be calculated by reference to a 100% water standard. Lung water was
      obtained by imaging the lung in continuous sections and summing the water
      contents of the component sections. The method performed well when applied to a
      sponge phantom, but underestimated by up to 30% in excised sheep lung. The total
      (vascular and extravascular) pulmonary water measured by NMR in six healthy
      volunteers was 292 g (SD 58 g) or 4.6 g/kg body weight, less than predicted by
      some other indirect methods and post-mortem values. A briefer examination
      comprising two axial sections at standardised levels was also devised. In 15
      healthy volunteers the mean water content of a 1.6 cm-thick axial section through
      the right lung was 17.8 g at the sternal angle, and 23.3 g 5 cm caudally. In the
      left lung, the values were 16.4 g and 16.3 g, respectively.

PMID- 3708262
TI  - Tissue analysis by dual-energy computed tomography.
AB  - A straightforward method of tissue analysis from dual-energy computed tomography
      (CT) is presented which does not rely on previous inaccurate or incorrect
      formulations of the X-ray attenuation coefficient. The attenuation coefficients
      of tissue and bone were represented by a mixture of two reference materials. For
      convenience, water and calcium chloride were chosen. After careful calibration of
      the CT scanner, a dual-energy CT scan yields the water and calcium chloride in
      units of kg/kg multiplied by the specific gravity of the tissue. For an error of
      +/- 2 HU on dual-energy scans at 140 kVp and 87 kVp on an EMI CT5005 general
      purpose scanner, the error on the calcium chloride coefficients is +/- 0.004
      kg/kg. Fat concentrations greater than 25% by weight may be detected when the
      coefficients are averaged over at least 200 pixels. Bone mineral content could be
      measured with a precision of 0.01 (in units of kg/kg multiplied by specific
      gravity) for averaging regions of 24 pixels. Iodine concentrations in tissue can
      be deduced if water and iodine are chosen as the reference materials. Clinical
      examples are presented to illustrate the technique for scans of both the head and
      the abdomen.

PMID- 3708264
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging and hydatidiform mole.
AB  - Five women with complete and partial hydatidiform mole were examined by magnetic
      resonance imaging (MRI). Spin-echo pulse sequences (T2 weighted) were found to
      provide excellent resolution, while inversion-recovery pulse sequences (T1
      weighted) gave better pathological detail. The myometrium was clearly seen on
      each patient and no invasion by the tumour detected. This corresponded to the
      histological findings. The potential uses of magnetic resonance in the diagnosis
      of primary and recurrent trophoblastic disease and its role in management are
      discussed.

PMID- 3708265
TI  - A method for the clinical measurement of relaxation times in magnetic resonance
      imaging.
AB  - A method for the determination of relaxation times in clinical magnetic resonance
      images is described. Three components are measured: the spin-lattice (T1) and
      spin-spin (T2) relaxation times and the proton density (M infinity). These
      components are separated in the algorithm to give increased tissue
      discrimination. Multiple data points are used to minimise error and increase
      reproducibility. Errors that arise in imaging data because of the short sequence
      repetition periods are considered and a technique for their reduction described.
      Clinical results obtained using the method are reviewed. These results
      demonstrate the clinical utility of the technique.

PMID- 3708266
TI  - Fast computer processing for tissue highlighting in computed tomographic cross
      sectional imaging and digital scan projection radiography.
AB  - A simple, fast, computer method of simultaneously highlighting edge detail and
      emphasising soft-tissue contrast is discussed. An objective comparison is made
      with conventional blurred mask subtraction using the signal-to-noise ratio from
      phantom scans. The use of the algorithm for inner ear studies and digital scanned
      projection radiography is presented.

PMID- 3708267
TI  - Oedema of the neck after ablation of the thyroid with radioactive iodine.
AB  - Six out of 30 patients who underwent thyroid ablation with 131I during the period
      1975-85 developed acute oedema of the neck within 48 h of the therapeutic dose.
      The condition was painless and responded well to treatment with corticosteroids.
      The early onset and absence of pain distinguish this complication from radiation
      thyroiditis. Dosage calculations and thermoluminescent-dosimeter measurements of
      the dose at various points on the anterior surface of the neck of a patient with
      a toxic adenoma of the thyroid treated with 131I were in fairly good agreement
      with one another and confirmed that the oedema of the neck could not be a direct
      effect of irradiation on the extrathyroidal tissues. It is suggested that this
      phenomenon may be a hypersensitivity reaction associated with massive destruction
      of thyroid tissue.

PMID- 3708269
TI  - A technique for velocity imaging using magnetic resonance imaging.

PMID- 3708268
TI  - Late radiation response of kidney assayed by tubule-cell survival.
AB  - An assay for the survival of renal tubule cells was developed using mice. It is
      analogous to other in-situ clonogenic cell survival assays. One kidney was
      irradiated using a 137Cs irradiator and removed 60-68 weeks later for
      histological examination. In unirradiated animals there were about 370 tubules in
      contact with the capsule in a coronal cross section at the middle of the kidney.
      After irradiation, extensive tubular damage was the dominant lesion. The number
      of epithelialized tubules in contact with the capsule showed a dose-dependent
      logarithmic decline. The dose-survival relationship for the clonogenic cells
      responsible for the regeneration of tubule epithelium was described by a D0 value
      of 1.5 Gy over the dose range 11-16 Gy. This radiosensitivity resembles that of
      stem cells in acutely responding tissues. The lack of histological evidence of
      damage to the arterial vasculature at the time the tubules are initially denuded
      of epithelium, and the similarity of renal tubule cell radiosensitivity to that
      of other mammalian cells, support the hypothesis that "late" radiation injury
      results primarily from depletion of parenchymal cells, not indirectly from injury
      to blood vessels, as has been the prevailing belief.

PMID- 3708270
TI  - Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia of the adrenal gland.

PMID- 3708271
TI  - Fatal acute vasculitis after high-dose urography with iohexol.

PMID- 3708272
TI  - Diagnosis of a right iliac fossa mass by computed tomography.

PMID- 3708274
TI  - Assessment of the current use of rare-earth screens in the United Kingdom.

PMID- 3708273
TI  - The tissue-rescuing unit.

PMID- 3708275
TI  - Proceedings of Symposium Mammographicum '85. London, September 12-13, 1985.
      Abstracts.

PMID- 3708276
TI  - Comparison of the mortality, morbidity and incidence of local recurrence in
      patients with rectal cancer treated by either stapled anterior resection or
      abdominoperineal resection.
AB  - One hundred patients with rectal cancer treated by one surgeon over a 7 year
      period are reviewed. Fifty-five patients were treated by stapled anterior
      resection (SAR) and 45 by abdominoperineal resection (APR). Dukes'
      classification, degree of differentiation and local spread were similar in both
      groups. Operative mortality was 7.2 per cent for SAR and 2.2 per cent for APR.
      Anastomotic leakage following SAR occurred clinically in two patients (3.6 per
      cent), one of which proved fatal, and radiologically in five patients. Morbidity
      after SAR and APR was otherwise similar. There was no significant difference in
      local recurrence rates after SAR (14.7 per cent) and APR groups (25.0 per cent).
      The results of this study suggest that for patients with rectal cancer radical
      excision with sphincter presentation using the circular stapler has a mortality,
      morbidity and risk of local recurrence comparable with radical excision with a
      permanent colostomy.

PMID- 3708277
TI  - Local recurrence of colorectal cancer: effect of early detection and aggressive
      surgery.
AB  - A prospective study was undertaken of the incidence, symptoms, diagnostic
      measures and therapy of local recurrences of colorectal carcinoma following
      radical surgical management. Out of 715 patients, 156 (22 per cent) developed
      recurrence of the tumour, which was local in 90 patients. In addition, 36
      patients with local recurrence from other hospitals were treated. Half of the
      patients were symptom-free at the time of diagnosis. Out of the 126 patients, 109
      were treated by surgery, a radical operation being feasible in 53 cases. Fifty
      per cent of these have survived for at least 17 months. The operative mortality
      was very low (4.6 per cent), although extensive surgery was necessary in most of
      the cases. The preliminary results of this study support the hypothesis that a
      postoperative follow-up programme for patients with colorectal cancer leads to
      early detection of local recurrence and improves the chance of cure by surgical
      treatment.

PMID- 3708278
TI  - Incidence of locally metastatic ('recurrent') cutaneous malignant melanoma
      following conventional wide margin excisional surgery for invasive clinical stage
      I tumours: importance of maximal primary tumour thickness.
AB  - In a minimum 5-year follow-up study of 638 primary clinical Stage I invasive
      cutaneous malignant melanomas (excluding lentigo maligna melanomas) excised with
      conventional wide normal tissue margins, the incidence of local tumour metastasis
      was 48/638 (8 per cent). The incidence of locally metastatic tumours rose from 2
      per cent for tumours less than 0.99 mm thick, to 14 per cent for tumours between
      5 and 6 mm in thickness. The rate of local metastasis was significantly greater
      for tumours greater than 2.0 mm compared with tumours less than 2.0 mm thick (P
      less than 0.01). Despite the anatomical restrictions to wide resection margins in
      the head and neck, these areas had the lowest regional incidence for local tumour
      metastasis (2 per cent). Over the prolonged postoperative follow-up period
      (median 11 years) 67 per cent (32/48) of patients with locally metastatic disease
      died of disseminated malignant melanoma, compared with a 31 per cent mortality
      (180/590) for those without local disease metastasis. The term 'local recurrence'
      is unhelpful in our attempts to understand the pathology of malignant melanoma,
      and the term 'local metastasis' could replace it with benefit.

PMID- 3708279
TI  - Intragastric bile acids and histological changes in gastric mucosa.
AB  - Multiple gastric biopsies and gastric juice aspirates were taken in 108 patients
      undergoing routine or review gastroscopy for a variety of upper gastrointestinal
      disorders. The gastric juice was measured for free and total bile acids and the
      biopsies examined for premalignant mucosal changes. Total bile acid levels were
      significantly higher in patients with atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia
      and dysplasia but not chronic gastritis. There was no correlation between the
      severity of the dysplasia and total bile acid levels. Free bile acid levels were
      significantly higher in patients with atrophic gastritis but not in patients with
      chronic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia or dysplasia. These results suggest that
      intragastric bile acids may be implicated in premalignant histological changes of
      gastric mucosa and thus play a part in gastric carcinogenesis.

PMID- 3708280
TI  - Clinical results 1-10 years after highly selective vagotomy in 306 patients with
      prepyloric and duodenal ulcer disease.
AB  - Overall clinical results were assessed 1-10 years after routinely performed
      highly selective vagotomy (HSV) in 326 consecutive patients suffering duodenal
      and prepyloric ulcer disease, operated on by 37 surgeons of varying seniority at
      a district general hospital. Three hundred and six (94 per cent) patients were
      followed up. No mortality was recorded after 326 primary and 50 reoperative
      procedures. Postoperative complications were few and diminished during the study
      period. Persistent moderate to severe dumping was found in 2.3 per cent of the
      patients; slight and periodic, but in no case disabling, diarrhoea in 11 per cent
      and gastric retention in 2.1 per cent. The overall clinical ulcer recurrence rate
      was 13.8 per cent, with a tendency towards better results during the second 5
      year period. Significant differences were found between individual surgeons and
      groups of surgeons. Recurrences tended to be located more proximally than the
      primary ulcer. Fifty reoperations were performed in forty patients for ulcer
      recurrence (twenty-five), persistent ulcer-like symptoms (twelve) and gastric
      retention (three). When all recurrences and reoperations were classified as
      failures the symptomatic assessment according to Visick showed 67 per cent of the
      patients in grades I-II and 26 per cent in grade IV but the corresponding figures
      from the patients' own classification including the results of reoperations were
      79 per cent and 7 per cent. It is concluded that for the time being HSV is the
      method of choice for the elective surgical treatment of duodenal and prepyloric
      ulcer disease.

PMID- 3708281
TI  - Comparison of the function of triplicated and duplicated pelvic ileal reservoirs
      after mucosal proctectomy and ileo-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis and
      adenomatous polyposis.
AB  - Among 39 consecutive patients who underwent colectomy, mucosal proctectomy and
      ileo-anal anastomosis, a triplicated pelvic ileal pouch was constructed in 17,
      and a duplicated pouch in 22 patients. There was no mortality, but complications
      such as anastomotic dehiscence and pelvic sepsis led to removal of the pouch in
      seven patients (18 per cent). The functioning of the pouch and anal sphincter was
      assessed in 31 patients 6 months, and in 22 patients 12 months after closure of
      the diverting ileostomy. By 6 months, all patients were either completely
      continent or experienced only minor leakage and defaecation could be deferred for
      more than 15 min by 81 per cent of patients and flatus distinguished from faeces
      by 90 per cent of patients. No significant differences between triplicated and
      duplicated pouches were discernible at 6 months. At 12 months defaecation was
      significantly less frequent (P less than 0.05) in patients with triplicated
      pouches (median, 5 times in 24 h) than in patients with duplicated pouches (7
      times in 24 h). All patients with triplicated pouches and all except one with
      duplicated pouches were able to defaecate spontaneously, without needing to
      intubate the reservoir. Thus, provided the early postoperative problems can be
      overcome, most patients achieve good anal function after mucosal proctectomy
      combined with a pelvic ileal reservoir. No evidence was found in this study that
      the functional results of duplicated pouches were superior to those of
      triplicated pouches; in fact, the triplicated pouches proved to be slightly
      superior.

PMID- 3708282
TI  - Late leak from stapled anastomosis presenting as remote abscess.

PMID- 3708283
TI  - Mammillary fistula.
AB  - During a 6-year period 38 patients with 52 mammillary fistulae were seen. On
      average, 5 abscesses had preceded recognition of a fistula in the areolar region
      (range 1-18). In 11 cases the fistulae were immediately apparent as discharging
      openings but they more commonly presented as subareolar abscesses. Fistulae were
      treated either by laying open or by excision of the track and at mean follow-up
      of 25 months (range 1-75) there has been recurrent fistula formation in only one
      case. Mammillary fistulae should be suspected and sought in all patients
      presenting with abscesses adjacent to the nipple.

PMID- 3708284
TI  - The 'sandwich technique' in the management of the open abdomen.
AB  - A management technique of the open abdominal wound is described. It consists of a
      'sandwich' composed of a Marlex mesh and an Op-Site wound dressing with
      interposition of suction tubes. Such a technique prevents evisceration, protects
      the skin, decreases evaporation, allows accurate fluid replacement, facilitates
      nursing and adds to the patient's comfort.

PMID- 3708285
TI  - Incidence of fistula-in-ano complicating anorectal sepsis: a prospective study.
AB  - The incidence of fistula-in-ano following anorectal abscesses was studied
      prospectively in 50 consecutive patients. A total of 13 patients (26 per cent; 95
      per cent confidence limits: 14-40) had a fistula diagnosed either in the acute
      phase or during follow-up within 6 months. Half of the fistulas diagnosed at
      follow-up were unrecognized by the patients and no fistulas developed in patients
      where culture from the abscess only revealed skin-derived bacterias. X-ray
      examination was of no value in the diagnosis of anal fistula.

PMID- 3708286
TI  - Technique of orchidopexy following testicular torsion.

PMID- 3708287
TI  - Resection of inflammatory aneurysm after steroid therapy.

PMID- 3708288
TI  - Unusual isolated iliac artery aneurysm.

PMID- 3708289
TI  - Carcinoma arising in a rectal duplication cyst.

PMID- 3708290
TI  - Adenocarcinoma arising at the ileocutaneous junction occurring after
      proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 3708291
TI  - Adult hypertrophic pyloric stenosis and gastric carcinoma.

PMID- 3708292
TI  - Cement bezoars of the stomach.
AB  - Cement ingestion resulting in the formation of concretions in the stomach is
      unusual in surgical practice. Cement bezoars that are retained in the stomach do
      not undergo degradation and attempts at chemical dissolution are not recommended.
      Early surgical removal is the only safe and effective method of treatment.
      Smaller concretions are excreted without incident but may cause intestinal
      obstruction which should be anticipated and surgically relieved.

PMID- 3708293
TI  - Pre-operative infusion cholangiography compared to routine operative
      cholangiography at elective cholecystectomy.
AB  - Routine operative cholangiography (group 1) was compared with pre-operative
      intravenous infusion cholangiography and selective operative cholangiography
      (group 2) in 200 patients subjected to elective cholecystectomy. All patients
      were examined with pre-operative intravenous infusion cholangiography. In group 1
      patients, this examination was not made available to the surgeon and not used in
      any way except for a later analysis. Thirteen patients had to be excluded for
      different reasons. In group 1, normal operative cholangiograms were obtained in
      82/94 cases. Choledocholithotomy was performed in 7/12 cases, choledochotomy in
      2/12 and no exploration in 3/12 cases. In group 2, pathological or inconclusive
      infusion cholangiograms were demonstrated in 17/91 cases. Choledocholithotomy was
      performed in 11/17 cases. One of 17 patients was subjected to choledochotomy
      only. In 5/17 patients, no exploration was carried out because of normal
      operative cholangiography. No residual or retained stone/s have been revealed
      during a follow-up period of 1 year. The general clinical outcome in the two
      groups of patients was similar. Significantly shorter operative time was an
      important advantage of the strategy in group 2 patients.

PMID- 3708295
TI  - Staged below-knee amputations for septic peripheral lesions due to ischaemia.
AB  - Preservation of the knee joint is of paramount importance in lower limb
      amputation for ischaemia. Clinical predictors of healing are unreliable in
      patients with septic peripheral lesions due to ischaemia. Seventy-three patients
      in whom a below-knee amputation was considered likely to heal, based on the
      temperature and appearance of the skin and bleeding from skin and muscle flaps,
      were divided into two groups. Twenty-nine (Group A) had a primary below-knee (BK)
      amputation at the site of election with delayed primary skin closure, while 44
      patients (Group B) initially had a guillotine BK amputation below the site of
      election, with elective amputation at the appropriate level once infection had
      been eradicated (4-5 days later). The groups were similarly matched with regard
      to level of occlusive arterial disease, nature of ischaemic lesions and operative
      risk factors. There was no significant difference in the overall operative
      mortality in Group A (6.7 per cent) compared with Group B (11.4 per cent) (P
      greater than 0.05). There was a significantly higher above-knee revision rate in
      Group A survivors (33.3 per cent) compared with Group B (7.7 per cent) (P less
      than 0.01) due to non-viability and uncontrolled sepsis of the BK amputation
      site. The presence or absence of a palpable femoral or popliteal pulse had no
      significant influence on healing in either group.

PMID- 3708294
TI  - Beneficial response to pituitary ablation following aminoglutethimide.
AB  - Twenty-five postmenopausal women with advanced carcinoma of the breast, who were
      treated initially with aminoglutethimide alone (14 patients) or combined with
      tamoxifen (11 patients) had, on relapse or failure of treatment, a pituitary
      ablation performed. Initial therapy had produced a complete response in one
      patient, a partial response in 7, disease stasis in 6 but was without benefit in
      8 patients. A further three patients were intolerant of aminoglutethimide
      therapy. Ten of these 25 patients benefited from subsequent pituitary ablation (1
      complete response, 4 partial responses and 5 disease stasis), both local and
      distant sites of disease being influenced by this further therapy. Experience is
      also reported of 10 patients with advanced breast cancer who were treated
      initially by pituitary ablation and then subsequently received aminoglutethimide
      therapy. None responded. It is concluded that pituitary ablation should be
      considered for patients with progressive disease following aminoglutethimide
      therapy, irrespective of the therapeutic response to aminoglutethimide.

PMID- 3708296
TI  - Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm.
AB  - Between 1974 and 1984, 174 patients with ruptured abdominal aneurysms have been
      treated by three vascular surgeons. The 11-year period showed a dramatic increase
      in the number of patients presenting with ruptured aneurysms. The overall
      operative survival, including patients who died before a graft could be inserted,
      was 67 per cent with improvement from 60 per cent in the first half of the period
      to 69 per cent in the second. The overall survival rate for the 162 who had a
      completed graft was 72 per cent. Reference to data from the Lothian area surgical
      audit showed that there has been a transfer of responsibility from general to
      vascular surgeons with an increase in the proportion of patients treated by
      operation. Concentration of care within a single specialized unit appears to have
      had a favourable effect on survival.

PMID- 3708297
TI  - Circumumbilical incision for pyloromyotomy.
AB  - Forty infants with infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis had a Ramstedt
      pyloromyotomy through a circumumbilical incision. Delivery of the pylorus was
      relatively easy. Mild wound infection occurred in three infants and a further
      child developed a purulent discharge. There was one instance of abdominal wall
      dehiscence and all the resultant scars were hardly visible, thus achieving an
      apparently unscarred abdomen.

PMID- 3708298
TI  - Prostatic carcinoma cell DNA content measured by flow cytometry and its relation
      to clinical outcome.
AB  - DNA content of prostate tumour cells has been measured by flow cytometry of cell
      suspensions prepared from fixed tissue by an enzyme disaggregation technique. Two
      classes of tumours have been identified: diploid tumours, with a DNA content
      similar to benign cells and aneuploid tumours with grossly abnormal DNA values.
      The prognosis for the aneuploid tumours was significantly worse than diploid
      tumours (P less than 0.001). When ploidy is combined with histological grading,
      here using the Gleason numerical system, it is possible to predict which
      patients, whatever their age at diagnosis, will die from their tumour and which
      patients will probably die before their tumour kills them. With these facts it is
      possible to select patients for active or expectant treatment.

PMID- 3708299
TI  - The role of pelvic floor denervation in the aetiology of idiopathic faecal
      incontinence.
AB  - Weakness of the muscles of the pelvic floor and external anal sphincter may in
      theory be caused by a traction injury to the pelvic nerves incurred as a result
      of the excessive perineal descent that accompanies straining in the descending
      perineum syndrome (DPS). To investigate the role of this weakness in the
      aetiology of idiopathic faecal incontinence (IFI), measurements of perineal
      position, puborectalis mean fibre density (MFD), anal canal pressures, rectal
      sensation, capacity, and compliance were made in continent (DPS alone, n = 20)
      and incontinent (DPS + I, n = 19) patients with DPS, and a group of age and sex
      matched control subjects (n = 20). Perineal descent on straining was greater in
      DPS alone than in DPS + I. Puborectalis MFD was raised by similar degree in both
      DPS groups compared with the control subjects, and external anal sphincter
      function, assessed as voluntary squeeze pressure, was impaired by similar degree
      in DPS + I and DPS alone compared with the control subjects. Maximal basal anal
      canal pressure and rectal compliance were significantly reduced in DPS + I
      compared with DPS alone and the control subjects. Thus IFI did not result from
      progression of neurogenic muscle weakness, but occurred when there was also
      diminished internal anal sphincter tone and reduced rectal compliance.

PMID- 3708300
TI  - Pancreatic debridement in acute necrotizing pancreatitis: an obsolete procedure?
AB  - Thirty-eight patients treated by pancreatic debridement for acute necrotizing
      pancreatitis were studied. Group 1 consisted of 12 critically ill patients who
      underwent early surgery. Group 2 was formed from 15 patients operated upon
      secondarily for supervening complications and group 3 contained 11 patients
      operated upon electively for gallstone pancreatitis. The operative mortality was
      100, 27 and 0 per cent for groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Pancreatic debridement
      was associated with a high morbidity whether performed for complications (66 per
      cent) or elective biliary surgery (36 per cent). These data suggest that there is
      probably only limited indication for pancreatic debridement in patients with
      acute necrotizing pancreatitis.

PMID- 3708301
TI  - Use of ERCP to identify the site of traumatic injuries of the main pancreatic
      duct in children.
AB  - Major pancreatic injuries in children are uncommon but potentially very serious.
      They usually occur in active young boys following characteristic accidents.
      Despite this they frequently go unrecognized for prolonged periods. Four patients
      with delayed recognition of blunt pancreatic trauma are described. The presence
      of pancreatic injury was identified by hyperamylasaemia in every case. Ultrasound
      and CT scanning were helpful in identifying pseudocysts but accurate pre
      operative diagnosis of main duct disruption required endoscopic retrograde
      cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Surgical treatment involved a full exploration
      of the lesser sac with drainage of the cyst contents and identification of the
      site of extravasation. Two patients with proximal duct lacerations were treated
      by internal drainage into a Roux-en-Y loop with the addition of a distal
      pancreaticojejunostomy in one case. Two patients with distal lacerations were
      treated by distal pancreatectomy and oversewing of the remnant. All four patients
      recovered and were well at follow-up. Early ERCP is the only reliable method of
      identifying duct injuries which require urgent surgery. It should be considered
      in all children with blunt pancreatic trauma.

PMID- 3708302
TI  - Formation in hepatic hydatid cysts.

PMID- 3708303
TI  - Collagen in anastomoses.

PMID- 3708304
TI  - Structure of canine skin.

PMID- 3708305
TI  - Transport and lairage times in British slaughter pigs.

PMID- 3708306
TI  - The effect of road transportation on the blood constituents and behaviour of
      calves. II. One to three weeks old.

PMID- 3708307
TI  - Effects of hyperthermia on cultured explants of porcine endometrium.

PMID- 3708308
TI  - Porcine congenital tremor type AII: spinal cord morphometry.

PMID- 3708309
TI  - Variability between Muscidae populations of dairy heifers on two different types
      of pasture in southern England.

PMID- 3708310
TI  - Flunixin meglumine: quantitative determination in and effects on composition of
      equine inflammatory exudate.

PMID- 3708311
TI  - Local cellular reaction and release of neutrophil chemotaxin from abraded
      polyethylene devices implanted in bovine udders.

PMID- 3708312
TI  - Attempt to prevent the effects of experimental chronic pneumonia in sheep by
      vaccination against Pasteurella haemolytica.

PMID- 3708313
TI  - Measurement of oestrone sulphate in sheep plasma as a possible indicator of
      pregnancy and the number of viable fetuses present.

PMID- 3708314
TI  - Surgical conditions of the canine spine.

PMID- 3708315
TI  - Horizontal knife cuts either ventral or dorsal to the hypothalamic
      paraventricular nucleus block testicular regression in golden hamsters maintained
      in short days.
AB  - The possible involvement of efferent pathways from the suprachiasmatic nucleus
      (SCN) in the photoperiodic regulation of reproduction was studied by measuring
      the testis size of hamsters bearing a horizontal knife cut either ventral or
      dorsal to the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) that were transferred
      from photostimulatory long days (light:dark (L:D) 14:10 h) to non-stimulatory
      short days (L:D 6:18 h). Knife cuts placed either ventral or dorsal to the PVN
      blocked testicular regression induced by exposure to short days. These results
      indicate that efferent fibers running dorsally from the SCN to the PVN are
      involved in relaying photoperiodic information from the SCN to the PVN.
      Furthermore, recently-defined efferents that leave the PVN dorsally and terminate
      in the spinal cord appear to be responsible for relaying seasonal information
      about day-length to the pineal-reproductive axis of hamsters.

PMID- 3708316
TI  - Cholinergic projections from the parabigeminal nucleus (Ch8) to the superior
      colliculus in the mouse: a combined analysis of horseradish peroxidase transport
      and choline acetyltransferase immunohistochemistry.
AB  - Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunocytochemistry, acetylcholinesterase
      histochemistry and muscarinic receptor autoradiography demonstrated a cholinergic
      innervation within the superior colliculus. A method for the concurrent
      visualization of ChAT and transported horseradish peroxidase showed that a major
      extrinsic source for this cholinergic input is in the parabigeminal nucleus. We
      have designated these cholinergic neurons as the Ch8 cell group.

PMID- 3708317
TI  - Clustering of primary afferent fibers in peripheral nerve fascicles by sensory
      modality.
AB  - The spatial organization of cutaneous afferent fibers in the cat saphenous nerve
      was studied by recording from functionally identified units in split filaments.
      It was found that within each fascicle, fibers tend to be clustered together with
      others of like modality; they are not randomly distributed. These results suggest
      that the sensory modality of primary afferent neurons is determined prior to
      their innervation of the skin.

PMID- 3708318
TI  - Representation of upper and lower primary teeth in the trigeminal sensory nuclear
      complex in the young dog.
AB  - Transganglionic transport of horseradish peroxidase-wheat germ agglutinin
      conjugate entrapped in polyacrylamide gel was used to study the patterns of
      termination of primary afferents that innervate the upper and lower primary tooth
      pulps within the trigeminal sensory nuclear complex of the young dog. The lower
      and upper primary tooth pulp afferents projected to the subnucleus dorsalis of
      the principal nucleus, the rostrodorsomedial part and subnucleus dorsomedialis
      (Vo.dm) of the pars oralis, the nucleus of the intermediate plexus (Vi.ip) of the
      pars interpolaris, and laminae I, II and V of the caudalis. The lower and upper
      primary teeth were topographically represented in the Vo.dm, rostrocaudal mid
      levels of Vi.ip, and in laminae I/V of the caudal levels of the pars caudalis,
      whereas an extensive overlapped projection was seen in other subdivisions.

PMID- 3708319
TI  - Was Sherrington right about co-contractions?
AB  - Differences in electromyographic (EMG) activity between brief isometric maximum
      voluntary contractions under conditions of agonist contraction and agonist
      antagonist co-contractions were assessed for elbow flexors (biceps brachii) and
      elbow extensors (triceps, long head). Expressing maximum EMG co-contraction
      activity as a ratio of agonist maximum EMG activity of the same muscle yielded
      EMG ratios consistently below 1.0 (mean = 0.48 for flexion and 0.76 for
      extension). Flexor EMG ratios did not co-vary with elbow position but extensor
      EMG ratios approached 1.0 or sometimes greater at shorter muscle lengths (elbow
      extension). Findings were in general accord with Sherrington's original proposal
      of 'double reciprocal innervation'. Neural circuitry designed to limit full
      muscle activation during co-contractions may serve to protect the joint against
      excessive tangential or compressive forces.

PMID- 3708320
TI  - Immunohistochemical evidence for degeneration of cholinergic neurons in the
      forebrain of the rat following injection of AF64A-picrylsulfonate into the dorsal
      hippocampus.
AB  - The cholinergic neurotoxin, AF64A-picrylsulfonate, was unilaterally infused into
      the dorsal hippocampus of Wistar rats (2 nmol/2 microliters/4 min; A 6.2, Ls 1.5,
      H 6.5, Paxinos and Watson). After 19 days the for immunohistochemical staining of
      choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). Morphometry and counting of ChAT-immunoreactive
      profiles revealed shrinkage and disappearance of cholinergic neurons in the
      medial septum and diagonal band of Broca at the lesioned brain side. These data
      indicate a retrograde degeneration of cholinergic neurons following injection of
      AF64A-picrylsulfonate into the dorsal hippocampus of the rat.

PMID- 3708321
TI  - Preoptic lesions increase the display of lordosis by male rats.
AB  - Male rats do not normally show feminine patterns of sexual behavior even when
      injected with the ovarian hormones estrogen and progesterone. We find that brain
      lesions which damage the preoptic-anterior hypothalamic continuum augment the
      display of lordosis in hormone-treated male rats. The most effectively feminizing
      brain lesions are ones which bilaterally destroy a substantial portion of the
      medial preoptic area encompassing the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic
      area (SDN-POA). Males with particularly large preoptic lesions are receptive
      following estrogen treatment and show a progesterone facilitation of receptivity.
      In this respect, they cannot be behaviorally distinguished from females. Thus,
      axons originating in and/or passing through the preoptic area apparently inhibit
      the display of feminine sexual behaviors in males. Preoptic development and
      lordosis are each predictably affected by perinatal stimulation by testicular
      hormones, and hormone-stimulated preoptic development may form the neurological
      basis for some of the defeminizing effects of perinatal hormonal exposure. Our
      results raise the possibility that the site of this behavioral defeminization is
      the SDN-POA.

PMID- 3708322
TI  - Aortic baroreceptor deafferentation diminishes saline-induced drinking in rats.
AB  - The effect of bilateral surgical deafferentation of the baroreceptors in the
      aortic arch and carotid sinus on experimentally induced water intake was
      investigated in rats. Drinking was induced by subcutaneous administration of one
      of the following agents: hypertonic saline, polyethylene glycol, isoproterenol
      and angiotensin II, or by 18 h of water deprivation. Hypertonic saline-induced
      drinking was significantly attenuated after bilateral denervation of either the
      aortic arch plus the carotid sinus or the aortic arch alone. However, this
      diminished response disappeared when hypertonic saline was given in subsequent
      tests. The initial drinking deficit following hypertonic saline was independent
      of the time elapsed since the animals had undergone surgery. All other thirst
      challenges tested resulted in water intake that was not statistically different
      from sham-operated control groups. It is concluded that aortic baroreceptor
      deafferentation initially results in a diminished drinking response following
      hypertonic saline, possibly due to interruption of afferent information
      originating in osmosensitive areas in the aortic arch. A role of arterial
      baroreceptors in the regulation of non-osmotically induced water intake is not
      supported by the present data.

PMID- 3708323
TI  - Brain protein kinase in synaptic vesicles is inhibited by a factor in sera from
      systemic lupus erythematosus patients with central nervous system manifestations.
AB  - Sera from systemic lupus erythematosus patients with clinical central nervous
      system manifestations had a high mean percent of brain synaptic vesicle protein
      kinase inhibition (62 +/- 9.3, P less than 0.001). This conclusion was derived
      from screening sera of a total of 287 patients with heterogeneous diseases and
      from 12 healthy controls. Low levels of synaptic vesicle protein kinase
      inhibition also were detected in the sera of patients with certain autoimmune,
      inflammatory, neurological and/or psychiatric symptoms. Because 87.5% of the
      patients whose sera showed strong synaptic vesicle protein kinase inhibition
      (over 50%) had neuropsychiatric manifestations, we postulate this relationship
      may be due to the presence of an inhibitor factor, of which the etiology and
      molecular characteristics were investigated.

PMID- 3708324
TI  - Sleep-related neuronal discharge in the basal forebrain of cats.
AB  - Although evidence suggests that the basal forebrain contains a hypnogenic
      mechanism, putative sleep-promoting neural elements within this area have not
      been identified. We examined basal forebrain neuronal activity during waking, non
      rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep, REM sleep and various transition states. Based
      on state-related discharge rates. 3 cell types were defined. Thirty-nine of 83
      cells were classified as waking-active, i.e. waking discharge rates were greater
      than 2 times NREM sleep rates. Twenty-three of 82 cells were classified as state
      indifferent (waking and NREM rates differed by a factor of less than 2). NREM
      sleep discharge rates of the remaining 20 cells were greater than 2 times waking
      rates. These were labeled sleep-active cells. Discharge rates of these cells
      during epochs of alert waking were low, averaging less than 1 spike/s. Maximal
      discharge rates occurred during NREM sleep, averaging 9.44 spikes/s. Increased
      discharge of sleep-active cells anticipated sleep onset; cells had an average
      discharge rate of 6.60 spikes/s during transitions between waking and NREM sleep.
      Sleep-active cells were confined to the ventral basal forebrain, in the
      horizontal limb of the diagonal bands of Broca, substantia innominata,
      entopeduncular nucleus and ventral globus pallidus. These areas overlap, in part,
      with those where chemical, thermal and electrical stimulations evoke sleep, and
      where lesions suppress sleep. Based on location and discharge pattern we consider
      sleep-active cells candidates for mediating some of the sleep-promoting functions
      of the basal forebrain.

PMID- 3708325
TI  - Brain protein changes during development and sexual differentiation in the rat.
AB  - Subcellular fractions were prepared from the hypothalamus-preoptic area and the
      'remainder of the brain' of intact male and female rats at 0, 8, 25 and 72 days
      of age. Proteins associated with each fraction were subjected to SDS-PAGE
      chromatography and stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue. Developmental changes
      were found to occur in proteins associated with the soluble (14,600, 15,000,
      29,900, 38,900 and 49,000 mol. wt), nuclear (40,000-50,000 and 13,800-16,000 mol.
      wt.), mitochondrial-lysosomal (49,000-52,000 mol. wt.) and microsomal (14,400,
      20,000, 50,100, 56,900 and 130,000 mol. wt.) fractions. In addition, soluble
      proteins were greater in males than in females at days 0 (53,000-56,000 mol. wt.;
      probably tubulin) and 25 (14,600 and 15,000 mol. wt.). These changes in brain
      proteins probably reflect important structural and functional changes that occur
      during maturation and sexual differentiation of the brain.

PMID- 3708326
TI  - Synthesis of specific brain proteins is influenced by testosterone at mRNA level
      in the neonatal rat.
AB  - Sex differences in brain protein synthesis were investigated by analyzing the in
      vitro translation products of poly (A)+ mRNA isolated from the hypothalamus
      preoptic area of male, female and androgenized female (injected with testosterone
      propionate at day 4) rats at different stages of development. Poly (A)+-enriched
      mRNA, prepared by oligo (dT)-chromatography of total RNA extracted by guanidine
      thiocyanate, was translated in either a rabbit reticulocyte lysate or cell-free
      wheat germ system supplemented with either [35S]methionine or a [3H]amino acid
      mix. The translation products were analyzed by one- and two-dimensional SDS-PAGE.
      Several developmental and androgen-induced changes were found in the translation
      products of specific mRNA species, the most important of which was a sex
      difference (higher in the male) in the apparent amount of mRNA coding for
      proteins with the electrophoretic characteristics of actin and tubulin. These
      developmental and sex differences in the apparent amounts of specific mRNA
      species in brain may be the cause or result of functional and structural changes
      such as neurite growth and synapse formation.

PMID- 3708327
TI  - Testosterone-induced brain aromatase is sexually dimorphic.
AB  - Female quail are less sensitive than males to the activating effects of
      testosterone (T) on behavior. Testosterone induces hypothalamic aromatase
      activity more efficiently in males than in females (higher Vmax but similar Km).
      As the conversion of T to estradiol (E2) is important for the activation of male
      sexual behavior, we propose that the incapacity of the female hypothalamus to
      produce behaviorally active E2 contributes to their insensitivity to T. The 5
      alpha-reductase, which converts T into 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (5 alpha-DHT),
      is induced by T specifically in the anterior hypothalamus of both sexes.

PMID- 3708328
TI  - Susceptibility to seizures produced by pilocarpine in rats after microinjection
      of isoniazid or gamma-vinyl-GABA into the substantia nigra.
AB  - Pilocarpine, given intraperitoneally to rats, reproduces the neuropathological
      sequelae of temporal lobe epilepsy and provides a relevant animal model for
      studying mechanisms of buildup of convulsive activity and pathways operative in
      the generalization and propagation of seizures within the forebrain. In the
      present study, the effects of manipulating the activity of the gamma-aminobutyric
      acid (GABA)-mediated synaptic inhibition within the substantia nigra on seizures
      produced by pilocarpine in rats, were investigated. In animals pretreated with
      microinjections of isoniazid, 150 micrograms, an inhibitor of activity of the
      GABA-synthesizing enzyme, L-glutamic acid decarboxylase, into the substantia
      nigra pars reticulata (SNR), bilaterally, non-convulsant doses of pilocarpine,
      100 and 200 mg/kg, resulted in severe motor limbic seizures and status
      epilepticus. Electroencephalographic and behavioral monitoring revealed a
      profound reduction of the threshold for pilocarpine-induced convulsions.
      Morphological analysis of frontal forebrain sections with light microscopy
      revealed seizure-related damage to the hippocampal formation, thalamus, amygdala,
      olfactory cortex, substantia nigra and neocortex, which is typically observed
      with pilocarpine in doses exceeding 350 mg/kg. Bilateral intrastriatal injections
      of isoniazid did not augment seizures produced by pilocarpine, 200 mg/kg.
      Application of an irreversible inhibitor of GABA transaminase, gamma-vinyl-GABA
      (D,L-4-amino-hex-5-enoic acid), 5 micrograms, into the SNR, bilaterally,
      suppressed the appearance of electrographic and behavioral seizures produced by
      pilocarpine, 380 mg/kg. This treatment was also sufficient to protect animals
      from the occurrence of brain damage. Microinjections of gamma-vinyl-GABA, 5
      micrograms, into the dorsal striatum, bilaterally, failed to prevent the
      development of convulsions produced by pilocarpine, 380 mg/kg. The results
      demonstrate that the threshold for pilocarpine-induced seizures in rats is
      subjected to the regulation of the GABA-mediated synaptic inhibition within the
      substantia nigra.

PMID- 3708329
TI  - Release of endogenous dopamine and cholecystokinin from rat striatal slices:
      effects of amphetamine and dopamine antagonists.
AB  - The release of immunoreactive cholecystokinin (CCK) and dopamine was monitored
      simultaneously from superfused rat striatal slices. Exposure of the tissue to
      medium containing elevated K+ or veratrine, induced a marked release of both
      substances. The addition of dopamine (10(-7) and 10(-6) M), the dopamine agonist
      pergolide (10(-7) M), the D2-antagonist sulpiride (1 microM) or the D1-antagonist
      (SCH 23390) had no significant effect on basal overflow or on evoked release of
      CCK. On the other hand, preincubation of striatal slices with D-amphetamine (10(
      5) M) enhanced basal and veratrine-stimulated dopamine release but markedly
      suppressed evoked CCK release. Sulpiride blocked this action of amphetamine
      whereas SCH 23390 was ineffective. The data suggests that whereas it is difficult
      to observe any effects of exogenous dopamine agonists or antagonists on evoked
      CCK release, endogenously released dopamine appears to interact with D2-receptors
      to suppress evoked CCK release from rat striatal slices.

PMID- 3708330
TI  - Progressive postnatal dilation of brain ventricles in spontaneously hypertensive
      rats.
AB  - Cross-sectional areas of the forebrain ventricles were measured from coronal
      sections in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) 4, 8, 12, 16, 21 and 56 weeks
      of age and in age-matched Wistar--Kyoto (WKY) and Sprague--Dawley (SD)
      normotensive rats. Progressive ventricular dilation and associated attrition of
      brain tissue was observed in SHRs of both sexes after 4 weeks of age, and was
      present in animals obtained from two different suppliers. In some SHRs, ventricle
      size was increased to 270% of control. Hence, it seems likely that some systemic
      and behavioral signs which are concomitant with hypertension in the SHR may be
      attributable to hydrocephalus and its neuropathological correlates.

PMID- 3708331
TI  - Structural and functional relationships of grafted vasopressin neurons.
AB  - Fetal vasopressin neurons were grafted into adult Long-Evans rats with
      vasopressin deficiencies created by neural lobe ablation one week prior to
      implantation. Control animals and recipients with ectopic grafts still possessed
      significant deficits in fluid regulation 6 weeks following implantation. However,
      recipients with grafts fused to the host median eminence and containing
      magnocellular vasopressin neurons juxtaposed to the host portal vasculature
      showed restored peripheral vasopressin activity as measured by normal urine
      volumes and osmolalities. These findings suggest that structural integration of
      grafted neuroendocrine tissue with the appropriate target in the host brain is a
      necessary prerequisite for physiological activity.

PMID- 3708332
TI  - Putative cholinergic interneurons in the optic tectum of goldfish.
AB  - We have demonstrated that a significant fraction of cells in layer 1 of goldfish
      optic tectum are immunoreactive for choline acetyltransferase. These cells
      constitute 4-7% of type XIV cells, which are thought to be intrinsic neurons and
      represent 95% of all tectal cells. The number of immunoreactive type XIV cells is
      unchanged following short-term enucleation. The possible integrative role of
      these putative cholinergic neurons is discussed in relation to sensory functions
      of the optic tectum.

PMID- 3708333
TI  - Opposing actions of cimetidine on naloxone-sensitive and naloxone-insensitive
      forms of footshock-induced analgesia.
AB  - The effects of the opiate antagonist naloxone (10 mg/kg) and the histamine H2
      antagonist cimetidine (100 mg/kg; both administered i.p.) were studied on the
      analgesia elicited by 3 currents of continuous-scrambled AC footshock (FSIA).
      Repeated analgesic measurements were made in each animal by use of the radiant
      heat tail-flick test. As shown by others, naloxone effectively inhibited the FSIA
      produced by 3 min of 2.0 mA, but had no effect on the responses elicited by
      higher currents (2.5 and 3.5 mA) of the same duration. Cimetidine significantly
      reduced the naloxone-insensitive FSIA after 3.5 mA, had no effect on that
      produced by 2.5 mA and potentiated the naloxone-sensitive analgesia elicited by
      2.0 mA. These findings add to existing data supporting a role for brain histamine
      as a mediator of naloxone-insensitive analgesia, and also suggest the possibility
      that histamine may mediate hyperalgesic responses.

PMID- 3708334
TI  - Different charge forms of aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase.
AB  - The isoelectric points (pI) of aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase (AADC) from
      two species, rat and cow, were determined by chromatofocusing. The enzyme from
      both rat brain and adrenal has a pI of 5.5, while the bovine adrenal enzyme has a
      different pI of 5.0. Thus, the variation of isoelectric point for AADC is limited
      to species differences but not tissue differences.

PMID- 3708335
TI  - A novel vasodepressor response elicited from the rat cerebellar fastigial
      nucleus: the fastigial depressor response.
AB  - We sought to determine by using kainic acid (KA), an agent stimulating neuronal
      cell bodies but not fibers, whether the elevations in arterial pressure (AP) and
      heart rate (HR) elicited by electrical stimulation of the cerebellar fastigial
      nucleus (FN) are due to excitation of local neurons in FN or fibers passing
      through the area. Rats were anesthetized (chloralose 40 mg/kg), paralyzed
      (tubocurarine) and artificially ventilated. Electrical stimulation of FN (50 Hz,
      10-100 microA) increased AP and HR. In contrast restricted microinjections of KA
      (0.05-5 nmol/100 nl) in FN elicited a sustained, dose-dependent decrease in AP
      and HR. The response is not due to diffusion of KA to adjacent sites. Excitation
      by KA of neurons intrinsic to FN elicits a heretofore unrecognized vasodepressor
      response, the fastigial depressor response.

PMID- 3708336
TI  - Uncoupling of cerebral blood flow and metabolism after single episode of cortical
      spreading depression in the rat brain.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to evaluate whether the persistent hypoperfusion
      following cortical spreading depression (CSD) in rat brain was accompanied by
      alterations of regional cortical glucose consumption (rCGU). rCGU was measured
      using 2-deoxy-[14C]glucose and autoradiography at 15-60 min after single CSD
      episodes. rCGU did not differ in cortical regions invaded by CSD as compared to
      the contralateral side and to sham-treated rats. The results suggested impairment
      of the metabolism-flow couple after CSD.

PMID- 3708337
TI  - Penicillin-induced epileptiform activity does not prevent ocular dominance shifts
      in monocularly deprived kittens.
AB  - Epileptiform activity was induced in the visual cortex with penicillin to test
      whether it would prevent the ocular dominance shift that normally occurs in
      monocularly deprived kittens. The eyelids of one eye of 5-week-old kittens were
      sutured shut for several days. During this period, whenever the kittens were in
      the light, aqueous penicillin in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or just CSF
      was applied in a cylinder mounted over the visual cortex. Electroencephalograms
      monitored during the period of deprivation indicated nearly continuous interictal
      spiking in the visual cortex. Extracellular recordings were made of cells in the
      region directly under the position of the cylinder. 14C-labeled 2-deoxyglucose
      autoradiography in a control kitten showed that this area had considerably
      increased metabolism during epileptiform activity. The majority of cortical cells
      were dominated by the non-deprived eye in both epileptic and control kittens,
      with no noticeable difference between them. These preliminary observations
      indicate that the disruption of cortical activity that occurs during interictal
      epileptiform activity does not prevent the ocular dominance shift in monocularly
      deprived kittens.

PMID- 3708338
TI  - Frequency sensitivities of auditory neurons in the cerebellum of the cat.
AB  - Threshold tuning curves were obtained from neurons in the cerebellar auditory
      area of the cat. The threshold of the brainstem auditory evoked response was also
      measured in each animal as a function of sound frequency in order to monitor the
      overall frequency sensitivity of the auditory periphery. Cerebellar auditory
      neurons responded to sound stimuli with little discrimination for the sound
      frequency. The values of Q10dB (a measure of the sharpness of tuning) were less
      than 2 for most of the neurons in this study. There was no significant difference
      in the sharpness of tuning for neurons in the various layers of the cerebellar
      auditory area. Electrophysiological mapping showed that the frequency sensitivity
      of single neurons did not appear to vary as a function of location within the
      cerebellar auditory area which includes lobules VI and VII of Larsell. Broad
      tuning was observed in long-latency (greater than 11 ms) neurons which responded
      to binaural sound stimuli as well as in short-latency (less than 6 ms) neurons
      which only responded to monaural sound stimuli. Within each animal, tuning curves
      of single cerebellar neurons were essentially superimposable onto each other and
      matched well with the overall frequency sensitivity of the animal as shown by
      brainstem auditory evoked response. Since the frequency tuning of these neurons
      appeared to reflect the overall frequency sensitivity of the auditory periphery,
      auditory neurons in the posterior vermis may receive inputs that involve
      convergence and integration from the entire length of the cochlea.

PMID- 3708339
TI  - Reticulo-olivary circuits: an intracellular HRP study in the rat.
AB  - Intracellular recordings were obtained from medullary reticular neurons
      subsequent to electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral or contralateral inferior
      cerebellar peduncle (ICP) and/or the midbrain. After recording physiological
      data, the neurons were intracellularly injected with horseradish peroxidase
      (HRP). Thirty-four HRP filled neurons were subjected to light microscopic
      analysis. They could be divided into two general groups: those which extend
      dendritic processes into the neuropil of the inferior olivary complex (n = 19);
      and those that have no anatomical relationship to the inferior olive (n = 15).
      These two populations of reticular neurons differ in their distribution,
      morphological characteristics and physiological responses. Neurons which extend
      dendritic processes into the inferior olive are located within 200 microns of the
      dorsal border of this nuclear complex, between the exiting fibers of the XIIth
      nerve and the raphe. The cell bodies are located in the nucleus reticularis
      gigantocellularis and are fusiform or multipolar in shape. Their dendrites extend
      for long distances in the mediolateral direction; are thin and relatively spine
      free except at their distal tips where spines and varicose appendages are
      evident. Physiologically, midbrain stimulation elicits a fast rising
      hyperpolarization which is identified as an inhibitory postsynaptic potential.
      However, only rarely is a response observed subsequent to stimulation of either
      the ipsilateral or contralateral ICP. Dendrites from 4 neurons from the first
      group of reticular cells were analyzed at the ultrastructural level. Based on
      random and serial thin sections, the following features were noted: they contain
      numerous mitochondria when compared to olivary dendrites; they contribute to the
      postsynaptic elements within olivary synaptic clusters (glomeruli); and they
      exhibit focal clusters of synaptic vesicles although conventional synaptic
      complexes have not been observed. Reticular neurons of the second group, those
      that do not extend dendritic processes into the inferior olive, are located
      either lateral to the XIIth nerve or at distances greater than 200 microns from
      the dorsal border of the inferior olivary complex. Their cell bodies and
      dendrites are comparable morphologically to the reticular neurons whose dendrites
      do arborize in the inferior olive. However, rarely are the distal tips of their
      dendrites characterized by spines or varicose appendages. Physiologically, this
      population of reticular neurons respond to midbrain stimulation with a low
      amplitude, short latency depolarizing potential which is interrupted by a
      hyperpolarizing potential.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3708340
TI  - Nicotinic acetylcholine binding sites in Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - In Alzheimer's disease (AD), there is a loss of presynaptic cholinergic markers
      in the cerebral cortex, but the nature of cholinergic receptor changes is
      unclear. In this study, [3H]acetylcholine and [3H]nicotine were used to label
      nicotinic cholinergic binding sites in cerebral cortical tissues obtained at
      autopsy from patients with AD and from matched controls. A consistent and severe
      loss of nicotinic receptors was found in AD.

PMID- 3708341
TI  - Facilitation of avoidance behavior by vasopressin fragments microinjected into
      limbic-midbrain structures.
AB  - Effects of arginine vasopressin (AVP1-9) and its behaviorally active fragments
      [Cyt6]AVP5-9 and [Cyt6]AVP5-8 were studied on the retention of one-trial learning
      passive avoidance behavior in rats. Peptides were microinjected into various
      limbic and midbrain structures (ventral or dorsal hippocampus or the dorsal raphe
      nucleus) and were administered either immediately after the learning trial (post
      learning treatment) or shortly before the 24 h retention session (pre-retention
      treatment). Doses for intracerebral microinjections were selected after
      preliminary experiments with subcutaneous and intracerebroventricular peptide
      administration. AVP1-9 facilitated passive avoidance behavior when the peptide
      was microinjected into either brain structure, however, the ventral hippocampus
      appeared to be the most sensitive. In this limbic region, AVP1-9 facilitated
      passive avoidance behavior in an amount of 8 pg (bilaterally), both when given as
      post-learning or pre-retention treatment. [Cyt6]AVP5-9 and [Cyt6]AVP5-8 were more
      effective than the parent nonapeptide in terms that a lower amount of these
      peptide fragments facilitated passive avoidance behavior in all brain regions
      investigated. The ventral hippocampus appeared to be the most sensitive brain
      site for the behaviorally active vasopressin fragments as well. Following
      microinjections into the ventral hippocampus, [Cyt6]AVP5-8 was more effective in
      a post-learning than in a pre-retention treatment schedule. [Cyt6]AVP5-9 on the
      other hand was more effective when injected shortly before the retention trial.
      The data indicate that limbic-midbrain structures are sensitive to AVP1-9 and
      behaviorally active putative metabolites of this neuropeptide. The active
      fragments selectively influence different phases of information processing upon
      limbic microinjections.

PMID- 3708342
TI  - Association between increased serotonin metabolism in rat brainstem nuclei and
      development of spontaneous hypertension.
AB  - Spontaneously hypertensive rats have increased brain stem serotonin turnover
      localized to the nuclei raphe magnus, raphe pallidus, tractus solitarius and
      reticularis lateralis. It occurs only in young animals coinciding with the
      development of hypertension. In the locus coeruleus, increased serotonin
      metabolism is present during both the early and the established phase of
      hypertension. Our results provide evidence for serotonergic overactivity in
      specific brainstem nuclei during the development of spontaneous hypertension in
      the rat.

PMID- 3708343
TI  - Seasonal variation in vasopressin innervation in the brain of the European
      hamster (Cricetus cricetus).
AB  - Using immunocytochemistry, vasopressin innervation was determined in the brain of
      the European hamster (Cricetus cricetus) during different seasons. It was found
      that the spring period coincides with a dense vasopressin innervation in many
      brain regions in the male hamster, and lower vasopressin fibre density in some
      brain regions in the female hamster. In autumn just before hibernation an almost
      complete disappearance of vasopressin innervation is noted in those brain regions
      that are sexually dimorphically innervated in spring. These results suggest that
      vasopressin activity in certain areas of the brain might be required for some
      seasonal functions to find expression.

PMID- 3708344
TI  - Effects of 2-deoxy-D-glucose on in vitro cat carotid body.
AB  - The process of chemosensory transduction in the arterial chemoreceptors is not
      well understood. According to the metabolic hypothesis of chemoreception, a
      decrease in arterial pO2 will produce a decrease in the adenosine triphosphate
      (ATP) content in the chemosensory type I cells, leading to release of a
      neurotransmitter and increased sensory neural activity. There is a paucity of
      direct experimental support for this hypothesis, and in the present work, we have
      tested the postulates of the metabolic hypothesis in an in vitro preparation of
      cat carotid body using 2-deoxy-D-glucose as an ATP-depleting agent. This
      preparation, when superfused with Tyrode containing 5 mM Na+-pyruvate instead of
      glucose, responds normally to hypoxia, low pH and acetylcholine, and maintains
      normal ATP levels. Under these conditions, 2-deoxy-D-glucose is a chemostimulant,
      i.e. electrical activity in the carotid sinus nerve is increased, with a
      threshold concentration of 0.25 mM and a maximum response at about 2-4 mM. These
      concentrations of 2-deoxyglucose evoke a dose-dependent release of [3H]dopamine
      (synthesized from [3H]tyrosine) from the carotid bodies which parallels the
      electrical activity. The 2-deoxy-D-glucose-evoked release and electrical activity
      is dependent on the presence of extracellular Ca2+. These same concentrations of
      2-deoxy-D-glucose significantly reduce the ATP content of the carotid bodies. The
      events postulated by the metabolic hypothesis, i.e. decrease in ATP content,
      release of a putative neurotransmitter and activation of the sensory nerve
      endings are found to occur simultaneously. A possible cause-effect relationship
      between these three events is discussed.

PMID- 3708345
TI  - Expression of the egg-laying hormone gene family in the head ganglia of Aplysia.
AB  - RNA blotting and cDNA cloning techniques were used to study expression of the egg
      laying hormone (ELH) gene family in the head ganglia of Aplysia californica. All
      head ganglia were found to express a 1800 nucleotide (nt) mRNA homologous to the
      ELH gene family. The nucleotide sequence of a clone isolated from a ring ganglia
      cDNA library demonstrates that this message encodes the ELH precursor. Further
      studies demonstrate the presence of a smaller, 1500 nt, transcript which encodes
      the peptide A precursor. However, the level of this mRNA is at least 10-fold
      lower than the ELH encoding message.

PMID- 3708346
TI  - Differential effects of dopamine agonists on acoustically and electrically
      elicited startle responses: comparison to effects of strychnine.
AB  - This study sought to determine where drugs that are known to alter sensorimotor
      reactivity measured with the acoustic startle reflex ultimately act within the
      acoustic startle pathway. To do this, startle was elicited either acoustically or
      electrically within various nuclei believed to comprise the acoustic startle
      pathway. Direct infusion of serotonin into the subarachnoid space of the lumbar
      spinal cord increased acoustic startle and startle elicited electrically through
      the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) to a comparable degree. Subconvulsant doses of
      strychnine increased startle elicited acoustically or electrically through either
      the VCN or the nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis (RPC), pointing to a spinal
      locus of action of strychnine after systemic administration. In marked contrast,
      the dopamine agonists d-amphetamine and apomorphine consistently increased
      acoustic startle but actually depressed startle elicited electrically through the
      VCN or the RPC. These later results suggest that dopamine agonists increase
      sensorimotor reactivity measured with acoustic startle by acting on sensory
      rather than motor parts of the reflex arc.

PMID- 3708347
TI  - Antinociception induced by local injections of carbachol into the nucleus raphe
      magnus in rats: alteration by intrathecal injection of monoaminergic antagonists.
AB  - Electrical stimulation of neurons located in the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM)
      produces antinociception which appears to result from inhibition of spinothalamic
      tract neurons located in the spinal cord dorsal horn. Iontophoretic application
      of acetylcholine also activates NRM neurons and microinjection of cholinergic
      agonists such as carbachol into the NRM produces a profound, long-lasting
      antinociception. Since the antinociception induced by electrical stimulation of
      NRM neurons is mediated, at least in part, by bulbospinal serotonergic and
      noradrenergic neurons, the role of these monoaminergic neurons in mediating the
      antinociception induced by microinjecting carbachol in the NRM was examined in
      the present study. To this end, various antagonists of serotonin and
      norepinephrine were injected into the spinal cord subarachnoid space following
      the induction of antinociception by the local injection of carbachol into the
      NRM. The serotonergic antagonist methysergide had no effect on carbachol-induced
      antinociception. However, the alpha 2-noradrenergic antagonist yohimbine
      attenuated, while the alpha 1-noradrenergic antagonists prazosin and WB4101
      increased the effects of carbachol. The non-selective noradrenergic antagonist
      phentolamine also attenuated the effects of carbachol. These results lead to the
      suggestion that the antinociception induced by the local injection of carbachol
      into the NRM is mediated by selective activation of bulbospinal noradrenergic
      neurons. Furthermore, the antinociception resulting from the activation of these
      descending noradrenergic neurons appears to be mediated by alpha 2-noradrenergic
      receptors located in the spinal cord dorsal horn. Finally, the local injection of
      carbachol into the NRM also appears to activate another population of
      noradrenergic neurons which produces hyperalgesia mediated by alpha 1
      noradrenergic receptors.

PMID- 3708348
TI  - Somatotopic organization of motoneurons innervating the pronators, carpal and
      digital flexors and forepaw muscles in the dog: a retrograde horseradish
      peroxidase study.
AB  - Central distribution of motor neurons innervating the individual forearm and
      forepaw muscle through the median and ulnar nerves was studied in the dog using
      the retrograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method. All HRP-labeled cells were
      seen ipsilaterally in restricted parts within the dorsolateral (DL) and
      retrodorsolateral nucleus (rDL) of the ventral horn at levels from the cranial
      tip of C7 to the cranial third of T2. The results showed that motoneurons
      situated more cranially supply the more proximal muscles and those situated more
      caudally supply the more distal ones, and that the pronator motoneurons occupy
      longitudinally the central part of the DL; the carpal flexor motoneurons, the
      medial part of the DL; the digital flexor motoneurons, the dorsal central part of
      the DL and the lateral fourth of the rDL; and the forepaw muscle motoneurons, the
      medial three-fourths of the rDL. These somatotopic arrangements of each motor
      pool could be correlated with the location and action of the muscles.

PMID- 3708349
TI  - Increased collateralization of the cerebellothalamic pathway following neonatal
      hemicerebellectomy.
AB  - The postlesional reorganization of the cerebellothalamic cells was here studied
      using a multiple retrograde tracing technique. To this purpose, the
      cerebellothalamic cell population was investigated in 3 groups of adult rats: (a)
      cases hemicerebellectomized at birth; (b) cases hemicerebellectomized in
      adulthood; and (c) control unlesioned ones. In all of the groups the fluorescent
      tracers Diamidino Yellow and Fast Blue were injected bilaterally in the thalamus
      and the retrograde labeling obtained in the cerebellar nuclei was analyzed
      quantitatively. In the adult unlesioned rats the cerebellar cells projecting to
      the ipsilateral thalamus represented 3-4% of the cell population projecting to
      the contralateral thalamus. Furthermore, in agreement with previous results, it
      was demonstrated that the ipsilateral component was almost totally formed by axon
      collaterals of the main contralateral cerebellothalamic pathway. The organization
      of the bilateral cerebellothalamic pathway was unaffected by a hemicerebellectomy
      performed in adulthood. However, when the hemicerebellectomy had been performed
      at birth, the number of cerebellar cells that project to the ipsilateral thalamus
      was 3 times higher than in the controls. In these lesioned cases, as in the other
      ones, the ipsilateral projecting cell population was mainly represented by
      branched cerebellar cells which project bilaterally upon the thalamus. These
      results indicate that the bilaterality of the cerebellothalamic pathway is
      enhanced after an early hemicerebellectomy, and that this phenomenon is
      responsible for the reinnervation of the deafferented thalamus. Further, the
      present study shows that the increase in the bilaterality of the system is
      sustained by cerebellar cells which bifurcate bilaterally upon the thalamus, and
      therefore that the reinnervation of the deafferented thalamus is performed by
      axon collaterals of the contralateral spared cerebellothalamic pathway.

PMID- 3708350
TI  - Subfornical organ: effects of salt loading and water deprivation on in vitro
      radioamino acid incorporation into individual proteins.
AB  - The subfornical organ of the brain has a role in the regulation of fluid balance
      in higher animals. In this study the effects of salt loading and water
      deprivation on specific proteins in this organ were investigated. For 4 days, 3
      groups of rats were given an appropriate fluid diet (control, 2% NaCl and water
      deprived), with all groups having free access to food. Animals were killed by
      decapitation, and the subfornical organ was quickly dissected out and incubated
      for 6 h in a medium containing [35S]methionine and [35S]cysteine. Proteins from
      these organs were then separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis, and the
      resulting autofluorographs were analyzed by scanning densitometry. The results
      show that the incorporation of labeled amino acids into 8 proteins was changed
      due to the experimental manipulations.

PMID- 3708351
TI  - Modulation of the nicotinic alpha-bungarotoxin site in chromaffin cells in
      culture by a factor(s) endogenous to neuronal tissue.
AB  - An endogenous factor(s) which affects the in vitro binding of (alpha-BGT) to rat
      brain membranes has previously been found in brain supernatant. This fraction, as
      well as a partially purified preparation of this material from bovine brain, is
      here shown to affect the binding of alpha-BGT to chromaffin cell membranes. To
      study possible long term effects, the supernatant extract was added to adrenal
      medullary chromaffin cells in culture. The cells were incubated for several days
      and at the end of this time, the medium bathing the cells, which contained the
      endogenous factor(s), was removed and alpha-BGT binding to the cells measured.
      Binding to control cultures had shown that alpha-BGT bound to the chromaffin
      cells in a saturable manner, with high affinity (Kd = 1.5 nM) and the specificity
      of a nicotinic receptor ligand. After incubation of the cells with supernatant
      factor, a marked decline in the number of alpha-BGT binding sites was observed
      with no change in affinity. This does not appear to be due to a detrimental
      effect on the cells as cell number did not appear to be decreased in the cultures
      preincubated with the supernatant extract and the DNA and protein content were
      similar in the control and treated cultures. The possibility that there was some
      non-specific detrimental effect to the chromaffin cell membrane was considered;
      however, the stimulated release of noradrenaline from the cells was not affected
      by treatment of the cultures in the presence of the supernatant fractions. In
      addition, tyrosine hydroxylase activity was significantly increased in the
      treated cultures. D-Tubo-curarine, an antagonist at the acetylcholine receptor,
      caused an increase in alpha-BGT binding after 7 days of treatment, while the
      agonist nicotine and choline had no effect. These results suggest that in brain
      supernatant there may exist an endogenous factor(s), which may function in the
      regulation of the nicotinic-like alpha-BGT receptors in neuronal cell.

PMID- 3708352
TI  - Calcitonin: brainstem microinjection but not systemic administration inhibits
      spinal nociceptive transmission in the cat.
AB  - In anaesthetized cats, nociceptive responses of lumbar dorsal horn neurons were
      studied during administration of salmon calcitonin (sCT). Systemic sCT
      administration (4-95 IU/kg i.v.) produced no change in neuronal responses
      produced by noxious skin heating or by impulses evoked electrically in afferent C
      fibres. Responses to skin heating were reduced during electrical stimulation in
      the brainstem, but the efficacy of this descending inhibition was not altered by
      systemic sCT administration. In contrast, noxious heat responses were clearly
      reduced by microinjection of sCT into the mesencephalic periaqueductal grey or
      the medullary raphe regions. These results suggest that calcitonin or a related
      peptide could act at specific brainstem sites to inhibit the spinal transmission
      of nociceptive information.

PMID- 3708353
TI  - Effect of age and muscle type on regeneration of neuromuscular synapses in mice.
AB  - A silver stain was used to investigate the regeneration of nerve terminals in
      mouse diaphragm, superior gluteus and tensor fasciae latae (TFL) muscles
      following nerve crush injury at different ages (9-530 days). The development of
      myelinated terminal branches and the development and elimination of terminal
      sprouts were little affected by age or muscle type following reinnervation.
      However, multiple axonal innervation developed on up to 50% of the gluteus and
      TFL muscle fibres, and this was subsequently eliminated only in the youngest
      animals.

PMID- 3708354
TI  - Opioid and non-opioid stress analgesia from cold water swim: importance of stress
      severity.
AB  - We have previously reported that stress severity plays an important role in
      determining the neurochemical basis of stress-induced analgesia from inescapable
      footshock. Increasing severity (duration or intensity of continuous footshock)
      causes a shift in mediation of the resultant analgesia from opioid to non-opioid.
      In this study, we find that stress severity plays a similar role in analgesia
      from cold water swim. More severe swims (longer duration or lower water
      temperature) produce stress analgesia insensitive to the opiate antagonist,
      naltrexone, whereas less severe swims produce analgesia significantly attenuated
      by this drug.

PMID- 3708355
TI  - Biochemical plasticity in the superior colliculus of adult rats after chronic
      visual cortex ablation.
AB  - We have measured the changes of several neurochemical parameters in the adult rat
      superior colliculus (SC) 1.5-4 months after unilateral visual cortex ablation.
      High-affinity uptake of D-[3H]Asp was increased by 22.5% and glutamate
      decarboxylase by 10% in the ipsilateral SC. This may be largely attributed to
      reactive synaptogenesis of intrinsic glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons,
      respectively. The noradrenaline content was increased by about 60 and 25% in the
      ipsi- and contralateral SCs, respectively. The latter probably reflects sprouting
      of noradrenergic fibres from the locus coeruleus.

PMID- 3708356
TI  - Electrical membrane properties of rat substantia nigra compacta neurons in an in
      vitro slice preparation.
AB  - The electrical membrane properties of rat substantia nigra pars compacta (SNC)
      neurons were studied in an in vitro slice preparation. Some of the recorded
      neurons were intracellularly labeled with HRP and were found to have
      morphological characteristics resembling the presumed SNC dopaminergic neurons,
      as reported by others. The input resistance of SNC neurons at resting membrane
      potential ranged between 70 and 250 M omega. The membrane resistance showed
      strong anomalous rectification when the membrane was hyperpolarized by current
      injection. The anomalous rectification was decreased by the addition of
      tetraethylammonium bromide (TEA) to the bathing Ringer solution. Injection of
      depolarizing current or termination of hyperpolarizing current induced slow
      depolarizing potentials. Their amplitude was dependent on the membrane potential
      and the current intensity. In neurons treated with tetrodotoxin (TTX) and TEA,
      slow action potentials were triggered from the slow depolarizing potentials. Both
      the slow depolarizing potential and slow action potential were TTX resistant and
      abolished by superfusion of Ca2+-free medium. Long duration hyperpolarizations
      were observed following the injection of depolarizing current pulses. The
      hyperpolarization was abolished by the superfusion of Ca2+-free medium or
      decreased by addition of TEA to the Ringer solution indicating an involvement of
      a Ca2+-dependent K+-conductance in generation of the hyperpolarization. The long
      duration hyperpolarization was also observed following action potentials. The
      spike after hyperpolarization consisted of an initial short duration fast
      component and a long lasting component. The amplitude of both components seems to
      be reduced but not abolished by TEA (up to 10 mM). When hyperpolarizing current
      pulses were applied to neurons that were held either continuously depolarized or
      were superfused with Ca2+-free medium, the pattern of the membrane potential
      after the offset of current pulses consisted of an initial fast and a later slow
      ramp-shaped phase. The latter was associated with a membrane conductance increase
      and interpreted to be due to an early K+ current. This early K+ current was
      relatively resistant to TEA. Injections of strong depolarizing currents triggered
      action potentials with multiple inflections on their rising phase. The amplitudes
      of action potentials changed abruptly during current application. These data
      indicate that SNC neurons have multiple generation sites for action potential.

PMID- 3708357
TI  - Thiamine-deficient encephalopathy in rats: effects of deficiencies of thiamine
      and magnesium.
AB  - Thiamine- and vitamin B-deficient encephalopathy was produced in adult Wistar
      rats and the effect of magnesium deprivation and/or the administration of
      guanidine, a magnesium antagonist, was studied. These encephalopathic rats had
      symmetrical lesions, edema, exudation of fibrin, spongy changes, petechial
      hemorrhages, neuronal degeneration and gliosis in the pontine tegmentum, mainly
      the lateral and medial vestibular nuclear areas. Mild pathological changes were
      seen in the purely thiamine- or vitamin B-deficient rats, whereas severe
      pathological changes occurred in thiamine- or vitamin B-deficient rats combined
      with magnesium deprivation and/or guanidine administration. However, magnesium
      deficient diets or guanidine administration did not produce pathologic changes in
      rats. These findings suggest that thiamine deficiency is an essential factor in
      the development of these pathological changes in the brainstem, and that
      magnesium and guanidine, an antagonist of magnesium, play important roles in the
      development of these disorders.

PMID- 3708358
TI  - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) increases in the spinal cord after
      peripheral axotomy of the sciatic nerve originate from primary afferent neurons.
AB  - Following sciatic nerve axotomy, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)
      immunoreactivity increases dramatically in the central terminal areas of the
      nerve whereas other primary afferent neuropeptides are depleted. The contribution
      of the peripheral nerve to VIP increases in the spinal cord was investigated by
      performing sciatic nerve section alone, dorsal rhizotomy of the lumbar roots,
      axotomy and rhizotomy in combination or section of other peripheral nerves
      terminating in the same segments as the sciatic nerve. VIP, and for comparison,
      substance P (SP), cholecystokinin (CCK), somatostatin (SOM), were localized in
      the lumbar spinal cord and corresponding sensory ganglia using unlabeled antibody
      immunohistochemistry. After sciatic nerve section, SP, CCK and SOM were depleted
      in the lumbar dorsal horn whereas VIP increased. After rhizotomy alone all
      neuropeptide staining including VIP was depleted; axotomy followed by rhizotomy
      produced the same result. Axotomy of other peripheral nerves terminating in the
      lumbar cord increased the area of neuropeptide depletion but correspondingly
      increased the area of VIP staining. A large proportion of small and medium
      diameter dorsal root ganglion cells were stained for VIP after nerve section or
      axotomy but not after rhizotomy alone. A radical change in neuropeptide
      metabolism of dorsal root ganglion cells occurs after peripheral axotomy, in the
      form of a marked increase in VIP synthesis. An intact dorsal root is necessary
      for increases in VIP in the spinal cord indicating the primary afferent origin of
      the response.

PMID- 3708359
TI  - Specific toxic effects of ethylcholine nitrogen mustard on cholinergic neurons of
      the nucleus basalis of Meynert.
AB  - The putative cholinergic neurotoxin, ethylcholine aziridinium ion (AF64A), was
      injected unilaterally into the nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbM) in order to
      determine whether it would produce specific damage to the cholinergic cell bodies
      of this nucleus. Injections of small amounts of AF64A (0.01 nmol in 1 microliter)
      or of its vehicle had little effect on the appearance of the nbM or on the levels
      of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in the cortex. Injections of larger amounts
      of AF64A (0.02 and 0.05 nmol in 1 microliter and 0.02 nmol in 10 microliters)
      produced a loss of diffuse acetylcholinesterase staining in the nbM and a loss of
      large positively staining neurons. Furthermore, these injections produced a
      significant reduction of ChAT activity in the central portion of the cortex.
      However, non-cholinergic neurons in the area of the nbM were not affected by
      these AF64A injections. In addition, cortical uptake of monoamines was not
      affected by these lesions. Further increases in the amount of AF64A injected (0.1
      nmol in 1 microliter and 0.035 nmol in 10 microliters) caused damage at the site
      of the injection which was not limited to the cholinergic elements of the nbM.
      These results suggest that AF64A can be used to produce specific lesions of
      cholinergic neurons, and therefore may be useful in developing animal models of
      human disorders involving cholinergic hypofunction, such as senile dementia of
      the Alzheimer type. However, there is a narrow dose range for producing these
      specific effects.

PMID- 3708360
TI  - Recruitment threshold force and its changing type of motor units during voluntary
      contraction at various speeds in man.
AB  - The motor unit discharges in human hand muscles were recorded during voluntary
      isometric contraction. Bipolar wire electrodes were inserted in the right
      adductor pollicis muscle (AP) and first dorsal interosseous muscle (FDI) for the
      recordings. Motor unit activities from these muscles were investigated when
      subjects exerted voluntary force to each target force at various speeds. On 27
      motor units of AP and 28 motor units of FDI, ramp RTF and ballistic RTF were
      compared. Furthermore, RTF changes of motor units with the different force speeds
      were investigated. It is clear that the RTF of the motor units during ballistic
      contractions were lower than those during ramp contraction. The processes of
      motor unit RTF changes were classified into 3 types: RTF of type I motor units
      were relatively low and decreased slightly even when force speed increased
      widely; RTF of type II motor units were relatively high and decreased
      irregularly; and RTF of type III motor units, which appeared rarely, decreased
      their relatively high RTF with increases of force speed increment. It is
      suggested that the volitional outflow related with the force speed change to the
      spinal motor pool might cause the different RTF change effects in the various
      motor units.

PMID- 3708361
TI  - Current-distance relations of axons mediating circling elicited by midbrain
      stimulation.
AB  - Stimulation of mediocaudal midbrain in rats produces ipsiversive circling due to
      the stimulation of longitudinal axons. The refractory periods of these axons were
      measured by delivering trains of conditioning and testing pulses via a single
      electrode at various conditioning-testing (C-T) intervals. As C-T interval
      increased from 0.3 to 2.0 ms, the frequency required to produce a constant amount
      of circling halved. The current-distance relations of these axons were measured
      by placing two electrodes lateral to one another, and delivering conditioning
      pulses via one electrode and testing pulses via the second electrode. The
      required frequency decreased less at C-T intervals in the refractory period range
      using two electrodes rather than using a single electrode. This partial
      refractoriness suggests that only part of the axons were stimulated by both
      electrodes. The refractoriness increased as current increased or as
      interelectrode distance decreased. The overlap in the fields of stimulation at
      each current was calculated from the refractoriness observed in single and double
      electrode experiments. The results suggest that the axons mediating circling have
      a wide range of thresholds rather than a single threshold. The current required
      to activate an axon is roughly equal to K X r2, were K is a constant and r is the
      radial distance from electrode to axon. K must range from 400 to at least 3000
      microA/mm2, to account for the circling data. For axons mediating medial
      forebrain bundle self-stimulation3, K must range from 1000 to at least 6400
      microA/mm2. Estimation of the K distribution allows calculation of the effects of
      electrode size, placement and current on the recruitment of axons with different
      thresholds.

PMID- 3708362
TI  - Vagal cardioinhibitory area in and around the caudal inferior olivary nucleus of
      cats. I. Localization and connection.
AB  - Bradycardia was produced by electrical stimulation and injection of glutamate
      (200 nl, 1 M) to the regions in and around the extremely caudal parts of the
      inferior olivary nucleus (ION) in chloralose-urethane anesthetized cats. Either
      medullary transection at 4 mm rostral to the obex, spinal transection at C2-3 or
      both transections together did not abolish the ION-induced bradycardia.
      Bradycardia induced by stimulating one ION was slightly reduced and completely
      abolished by unilateral and bilateral vagotomies, respectively. The ION-evoked
      bradycardia was also slightly reduced by a raphe lesion. This lesion together
      with unilateral vagotomy abolished only the bradycardia induced from the ION on
      the vagotomized side. In 28 left vagotomized cats, the left ION-induced
      bradycardia was subjected to the effects of destroying the right ION, dorsal
      motor/solitary nucleus (DM/SN) and ambiguous nucleus (AN). The bradycardia was
      completely abolished by ION lesion (7/7), greatly reduced (7/13) or completely
      abolished (6/13) by DM/SN lesion, and slightly increased (5/8) or decreased (3/8)
      by AN lesion. We concluded that cells and/or fibers in and around the ION may
      project fibers to the ipsilateral DM/SN and through the raphe nucleus to the
      contralateral ION which may send fibers to the other DM/SN.

PMID- 3708363
TI  - Vagal cardioinhibitory area in and around the caudal inferior olivary nucleus of
      cats. II. Modulatory actions.
AB  - In chloralose-urethane anesthetized cats, bilateral destruction of the caudal
      part of the inferior olivary nucleus (ION) produced neither apparent alteration
      of the basal arterial blood pressure and heart rate, nor discernible influence on
      the degree of the induced reflex bradycardia by phenylephrine and reflex
      tachycardia by nitroglycerin. Apart from directly producing cardioinhibition,
      stimulation of the ION was capable of interacting synergistically with the reflex
      bradycardia and antagonistically with the reflex tachycardia. Stimulation of the
      ION was also capable of potentiating the bradycardias induced from stimulating
      other cardioinhibitory areas, including the ION of the other side and the
      gigantocellular reticular nuclei of both sides of the medulla. These interactions
      were still feasible when one vagus nerve remained intact, but not after both
      nerves were cut. The results suggest that the ION may not be a primary component
      of the neural loops subserving the baroreceptor reflex arch, but instead, assumes
      modulatory actions to this reflex mechanism via both vagus nerves.

PMID- 3708364
TI  - Conjugates of biogenic amines in ventriculocisternal perfusates of conscious
      African green monkeys.
AB  - To determine the importance of conjugation relative to alternate metabolic
      pathways for the inactivation of catecholamines and serotonin, free and
      conjugated norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin, together with the acid
      metabolites homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, were measured in
      ventriculocisternal perfusions in awake African green monkeys. Measurements were
      made of endogenous transmitters and their metabolites using high performance
      liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Efflux of amines and
      metabolites was measured both under conditions of spontaneous overflow and during
      release evoked by 40 mM K+ or by 5 X 10(-5) M amphetamine. Conjugated amines were
      of greater importance under basal conditions than during evoked release. Although
      more conjugated amines were produced in African green monkey than has been
      previously detected in other species, conjugation was still minor relative to O
      methylation and oxidative deamination. When nomifensine (5 X 10(-5) M), a blocker
      of neuronal uptake of dopamine, was added to perfusion fluids, the efflux of free
      dopamine was increased. Efflux of conjugated dopamine was not decreased in the
      presence of nomifensine, suggesting that conjugation did not occur subsequent to
      reuptake of transmitter into dopaminergic neurons. Evidence is also presented
      that different enzymes are responsible for the conjugation of catecholamines and
      serotonin.

PMID- 3708365
TI  - Somatosensory representation of the cerebellar climbing fiber system in the rat.
AB  - The climbing fiber responses of 542 Purkinje cells were isolated in the vermal
      and intermediate zones of lobules II to VI of the rat cerebellum. Mechanical
      stimulation successfully elicited 53% of the isolated climbing fiber responses,
      whereas the remaining units were unresponsive to any stimulation employed. Of the
      units elicited by the stimulation, 34% required cutaneous and 66% required deep
      stimulation. Some proportion of the representation of each body region required
      either cutaneous or deep stimulation. The hind-limb had the largest
      representation and accounted for 55% (160/288) of the units. In contrast, the
      forelimb was only represented by 10% of the units, the tail by 16%, the face by
      11% and the remaining 6% of the units by surface regions of the spine, chest and
      abdomen. On the basis of their proportional representation of body regions, 3
      different cortical areas were distinguished: (1) a medial vermis, which consisted
      predominantly of unresponsive units; (2) a lateral vermis, which included
      representations of the extremities, trunk and tail; and (3) the intermediate
      zone, where the only representation of the face was evident. Within each area,
      the representations formed a disjunctive pattern of irregularly shaped patches
      and areas of overlap. In comparison with the climbing fiber organization of the
      cat, the medial vermal unresponsive zone and the patch-like representations of
      various body surfaces in the rat were similar to the cat, but the proportional
      representation of various body surfaces and effective stimulus modality were
      different, which may reflect morphological and behavioral differences between the
      species.

PMID- 3708366
TI  - Classical conditioning rapidly induces specific changes in frequency receptive
      fields of single neurons in secondary and ventral ectosylvian auditory cortical
      fields.
AB  - To determine if learning-induced changes in the response of auditory cortical
      neurons to a conditioned stimulus (CS) reflect general changes in cellular
      excitability or alterations in signal processing that are specific to that
      stimulus, we determined frequency receptive fields (FRFs) of single neurons in
      secondary and ventral ectosylvian auditory fields of the cat during classical
      conditioning. Associative changes in FRFs of most cells were specific to the
      frequency of the CS, established rapidly and reversed by extinction. Thus,
      learning causes specific changes in cortical processing of sounds whose
      significance is acquired.

PMID- 3708367
TI  - Sodium-dependent, high-affinity choline uptake in hippocampus and frontal cortex
      of the rat affected by acute restraint stress.
AB  - Acute (45-min) restraint stress decreased sodium-dependent, high-affinity choline
      uptake in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of rats. The effect of restraint on
      the hippocampus was blocked, whereas that on the frontal cortex was not
      significantly affected, by pretreatment of the rats with the narcotic antagonist
      naltrexone (1 mg/kg, i.p.) immediately prior to restraint.

PMID- 3708368
TI  - Harmaline-induced changes in plasma membrane of Purkinje cells: a trans-synaptic
      effect mediated by climbing fibers.
AB  - Fixed cerebellar cortex slices of adult male albino rats injected with saline,
      were exposed to the cholesterol probe filipin and freeze-fractured. Under these
      conditions, the plasma membrane of Purkinje cell dendrites was labeled with only
      a limited number of typical, 25-30 nm diameter filipin-sterol complexes. In
      contrast, in rats injected with harmaline, a drug that induces a rhythmic
      activation of climbing fibers, dendritic membranes showed an increased number of
      filipin-sterol complexes. This increased filipin labeling of Purkinje cell
      dendrites was not observed, however, when harmaline was injected into rats after
      destruction of climbing fibers. These results suggest that climbing fiber
      activation may induce a reorganization of the lipid matrix in the plasma membrane
      of Purkinje cells.

PMID- 3708369
TI  - Long-term cortical consequences of reinnervation errors after nerve regeneration
      in monkeys.
AB  - Sensory innervation patterns are commonly altered after nerve regeneration, but
      the long-term consequences of these peripheral changes on the central nervous
      system are not understood. We report here that when innervation patterns to the
      hands of two adult monkeys were changed by cross-repair of nerves, topographical
      features that were clearly related to the new innervation pattern remained
      apparent in primary somatosensory cortical area 3b as long as 2.9 years after
      repair. These findings indicate that peripheral innervation changes are not
      easily corrected by central circuits leading to primary cortex.

PMID- 3708370
TI  - Effects of monocular enucleation at different stages of development on the
      uncrossed retinocollicular projection in the opossum.
AB  - Pouch young opossums aged from 5 to 34 days underwent unilateral eye enucleation
      and the projection from the remaining eye to the superior colliculus (SC) was
      explored at maturity by anatomical and physiological methods. The results were
      compared to data from normal or adult enucleated animals. Analysis of the
      experimental group showed that early enucleation resulted in an increased
      ipsilateral pathway which varied in terminal distribution with the timing of the
      lesion. When performed in the very young (first and second postnatal week) the
      uncrossed retinocollicular projection covered the entire area of the superficial
      layers of the superior colliculus but formed mediolateral bands of high and low
      label density at the rostral aspects of the SC. In the remainder of the early
      enucleated group the labeling also covered the entire area of the optic layers
      but the density of labeling was relatively homogeneous throughout the
      rostrocaudal extension of the SC. The distribution pattern of the uncrossed
      projection in adult enucleated opossums was similar to that described previously
      in normal animals. The electrophysiological results showed that, at all ages
      examined, early enucleation resulted in an orderly but expanded map in the SC
      restricted to the sector of the visual field seen by the temporal retina. The
      different anatomical patterns found in animals enucleated at these two early
      stages of development could not be distinguished by multiunit recordings.

PMID- 3708371
TI  - The protective effects of vitamin E on microcephaly in rats X-irradiated in
      utero: DNA, lipid peroxide and confronting cisternae.
AB  - Fetuses from rats given either water or 0.03% D,L-alpha-tocopherol acetate
      (vitamin E) as a drinking fluid and X-irradiated with 100 rad on gestational day
      13 were examined on gestational day 21. Mean cerebral weight which was
      significantly reduced by the X-irradiation was increased by vitamin E
      supplementation but the level did not reach that in sham-irradiated controls.
      Administration of vitamin E caused an increase in DNA concentration which was
      significantly reduced by X-irradiation with water treatment. An increase in the
      mean level of lipid peroxide formation was observed in the water-treated, X
      irradiated group in the sample at zero time but not in the vitamin E-treated, X
      irradiated group. In the cytoplasm of fetal cerebral neurons from X-irradiated
      dams with vitamin E supplementation, confronting cisternae were frequently
      observed between two nuclear envelopes. Confronting cisternae may be considered
      as a repair mechanism of vitamin E against X-irradiated neuronal damage in the
      fetal cerebrum. This study provides evidence of the protection by vitamin E of
      neuronal development in X-irradiated fetuses, through its antioxidant properties,
      against attacks by free radicals and/or lipid peroxide.

PMID- 3708372
TI  - Production and transport of endogenous trophic activity in a peripheral nerve
      following target removal.
AB  - High concentrations of trophic factor for sympathetic neurones were found in the
      discrete nerve which innervates the expansor secundariorum muscle of the chicken
      wing. Mouse nerve growth factor (NGF) was additive with nerve extract in allowing
      survival of sympathetic neurones. Antiserum to NGF, while inhibiting outgrowth in
      response to NGF, only partially blocked survival promoted by the nerve extract.
      In these characteristics, the nerve extract resembled the previously
      characterized activity of its target organ. However, after surgical removal of
      the muscle there was no decrease in the concentration of trophic factors in the
      nerve 7 days later. Likewise sectioning, crushing or removing a piece of nerve 1
      cm from the muscle had little effect on trophic levels after muscle removal.
      Retrograde transport of the activity occurred in the nerve even in the absence of
      the muscle. Distal to ligatures placed on the nerve stump 24 h earlier, 60% of
      the trophic activity was inhibited by an antiserum to mouse NGF suggesting that a
      chicken form of the molecule is present and transported. In culture, cells of the
      nerve sheath produced trophic factors, and the rate of production increased
      greatly during the first 24 h of incubation. Two conclusions are made: the major
      source of trophic activity in the nerve is Schwann cells and at least two
      molecules are present, one of which is a chicken form of NGF.

PMID- 3708373
TI  - Resting and high-frequency evoked 2-deoxyglucose uptake in the rat inferior
      colliculus: developmental changes and effects of short-term conduction blockade.
AB  - Development of resting and high-frequency-evoked metabolic patterns in the
      central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICC) in rat was investigated using
      the 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) method. The effects of early short-term acoustic
      deprivation were studied by unilateral blockade of the external auditory meatus
      on postnatal day 12. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed on 2-DG
      uptake in 5 regional sectors of ICC. Adult resting ICC uptake is robust and
      exhibits regional differentiation with the ventromedial region preferentially
      labelled. At 17 days of age, resting uptake is substantially lower and regionally
      more uniform than in the adult. This age-dependent change is likely a function of
      the immature stage of neuronal and cochlear development at 17 days. Unilateral 50
      kHz stimulation in the adult results in bilaterally enhanced 2-DG incorporation
      in ventromedial ICC, with a discrete band of elevated uptake along the
      contralateral ventromedial border. 50 kHz stimulation evokes ventromedial banding
      in the contralateral, but not ipsilateral, ICC of undeprived 17-day-olds, though
      at a much reduced level relative to the adult. Following monaural conduction
      blockade from 12 to 17 days of age, stimulation through the reopened deprived ear
      elicits a band of uptake along the lateral ICC border, oblique to the normal
      tonotopic gradient. Cochlear mechanisms may account for modified patterning of
      high-frequency-evoked 2-DG uptake in ICC subsequent to conductive hearing loss
      during a period of elevated susceptibility to experiential factors.

PMID- 3708374
TI  - Characterization of glucocorticoid receptors in whole and cellular subfractions
      of embryonic chick spinal cord.
AB  - Steroid-specific binding sites for tritiated corticosterone have been localized,
      via autoradiography, to motoneurons in the lateral motor columns of the adult rat
      spinal cord. Binding sites in adult rat spinal cord have been characterized
      biochemically and shown to possess the properties of a putative glucocorticoid
      receptor. The presence of receptors for glucocorticoids in embryonic chick spinal
      cord was determined and their characterization undertaken as a prelude to the
      study of the functions under regulation by glucocorticoids during development.
      Assay conditions were defined and binding of [3H]dexamethasone [( 3H]Dex) to
      cytosols of 6- and 10-day embryonic spinal cord and cellular subfractions of 6
      day spinal cord determined. Saturable, high-affinity binding of [3H]Dex to
      cytosols prepared from both whole 6- and 10-day spinal cords and cells of all 3
      cellular subfractions of 6-day spinal cords was observed. The binding component
      in 10-day cytosols was (1) proteinaceous, as binding was eliminated by heating
      cytosols, and (2) a macromolecular species, as it displayed a sedimentation
      coefficient of 8S upon centrifugation in sucrose gradients. The putative receptor
      displayed binding specific for glucocorticoids in a competition assay, with the
      exception that some inhibition of binding by the androgen ligand,
      methyltrienolone (R1881) was observed. The binding affinity decreased as the
      values for KD increased from 3.4 +/- 0.9 nM on day 6 to 15.7 +/- 1.8 nM on day
      10, while the values for Bmax increased from 270 to 855 fmol/mg protein over the
      same period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3708375
TI  - Sources of trophic factors that induce limb regeneration and prevent amputation
      induced neuronal death.
AB  - Segments of 2-, 4-, 6- and 8-day neural tube, or of 15-day peripheral nerve were
      implanted longitudinally into limb stumps of 4-day chick embryos whose right-wing
      buds were amputated at the future elbow region. Stumps of amputated limbs (ALs)
      implanted with 7-day heart or without implant served as controls. Effects of
      progressively older neural tube implants (NTIs) upon ALs and host spinal cord
      neurons were analyzed by area measurements of the peripheral limb field (PLF) and
      NTI and by cell counts of the host lateral motor column (LMC). Nine days
      postamputation, 2- and 4-day NTIs contained many neurons and induced epimorphic
      regeneration in more than one-fourth of the embryos. Six-day NTIs contained few
      neurons and induced only tissue regeneration. Eight-day NTIs and peripheral nerve
      containing only non-neuronal cells were as ineffective as controls in stimulating
      regeneration, although peripheral nerve did cause a significant increase in the
      peripheral field. The NTIs of all ages and implants of peripheral nerve were
      equally effective in protecting LMC neurons from amputation-induced cell death in
      the host spinal cord. The results may indicate that neurons of the implant induce
      limb regeneration and non-neuronal cells of the implant protect against LMC
      neuronal death.

PMID- 3708376
TI  - Synaptic vesicle diameters and synaptic cleft widths at the mouse diaphragm in
      neonates and adults.
AB  - Miniature endplate potential (MEPP) amplitude distributions from adult mouse
      diaphragm junctions show two classes of MEPPs. The larger MEPPs form a bell
      shaped distribution (bell-MEPPs) with a variance of 20-30%. The smaller MEPPs
      form a right-hand skew-distribution composing 1-10% of the MEPPs with a mode
      1/10th (s-MEPP class) that of the bell-MEPPs. Junctions of 1-day-old neonates
      generate mainly s-MEPPs. The MEPP distribution gradually changes to mainly bell
      MEPPs during the first 3 weeks of postnatal junctions to those of adults and
      reinnervated adults. We found no differences between neonates and adults in
      either synaptic vesicle diameter (56 nm o.d.) or in synaptic cleft widths.
      Synaptic vesicle diameters were the same for 'touching vesicles'. Junctions of 1
      day-old neonates showed no or shallow postsynaptic folds. Postsynaptic folds were
      essentially developed by the third day although one-quarter of the MEPPs were of
      the skew-class. Assuming that vesicles are simple containers, we would expect a
      class of 30-nm o.d. vesicles which would generate the s-MEPP class. Since we
      found a smooth distribution of synaptic vesicles and no vesicles of 30 nm
      diameter we conclude that within the constraints of the vesicle hypothesis of
      transmitter release that s- and bell-MEPPs are from vesicles sized the same and
      that vesicle volume does not determine the amount of acetylcholine released.

PMID- 3708377
TI  - Odor specificity of the enhanced neural response following early odor experience
      in rats.
AB  - The enhanced neural response in the olfactory bulbs of rat pups following early
      olfactory experience is specific to the familiar odor. Pups were exposed daily to
      either peppermint or cyclohexanone odor for the first 18 postnatal days. On day
      19, peppermint-familiar pups exposed to peppermint had significantly higher
      [14C]2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) uptake in a focal glomerular area compared with the
      response to peppermint by cyclohexanone-familiar pups. We also found that
      cyclohexanone-experienced pups had a subsequent enhanced response to
      cyclohexanone odor in glomerular areas medial and caudal to those responding to
      peppermint. None of the 2-DG uptake differences were attributable to respiration
      differences between the groups during any part of the odor test.

PMID- 3708378
TI  - Response properties of single units in the accessory optic system of the dark
      reared cat.
AB  - The visual responses of single units in the lateral and dorsal terminal nuclei
      (LTN and DTN) of the accessory optic system (AOS) were studied in adult cats
      reared in total darkness. In the LTN of the normal cat equal numbers of cells
      prefer upward and downward vertical stimulus motion (previous results). While
      direction selectively continued to be a characteristic property of LTN and DTN
      units in dark-reared animals, the distribution of preferred and non-preferred
      directions of LTN cells was radically altered such that almost every LTN cell
      examined in the dark-reared cat preferred downward stimulus motion. In contrast,
      the distribution of preferred directions among DTN cells was largely unaffected
      by dark rearing. Both normal and dark-reared cat DTN cells responded best to
      stimuli moving horizontally toward the recorded hemisphere. The velocity
      preferences of DTN units of the dark-reared cat were, however, much slower than
      those of normal DTN units. LTN units responding to downward motion in dark-reared
      cats showed similar velocity preferences to those downward direction-selective
      LTN units in normal animals. Unlike the highly binocular responses of AOS cells
      encountered in the normal cat, the ocular dominance distribution obtained from
      units in the LTN and DTN of the dark-reared cat is completely monocular, favoring
      the contralateral eye. Thus, dark rearing renders the distribution of preferred
      directions most affected in the LTN, velocity preference most affected in the DTN
      and ocular dominance strongly affected in both nuclei. The physiological response
      properties of the dark-reared cat presented in this report bear a close
      resemblance to those we have described in the AOS of acutely decorticated animals
      (previous results). Data obtained from the dark-reared cat support our earlier
      suggestion that the visual cortex is a major source of upward direction
      selectively, high-velocity tuning and ipsilateral eye input for AOS cells. Some
      of the functional consequences of these findings are discussed in relation to
      frontal eye placement and optokinetic nystagmus.

PMID- 3708379
TI  - Neuritogenic and metabolic effects of individual gangliosides and their
      interaction with nerve growth factor in cultures of neuroblastoma and
      pheochromocytoma.
AB  - The 4 major ganglioside species, GM1, GD1a, GD1b and GT1b (200 micrograms/ml),
      were tested individually for the ability to stimulate neuronal trophic responses.
      The growth parameters measured were: morphologic changes, quantitated by computer
      assisted morphometry of neurite length and number per soma, and metabolic
      changes, indicated by alterations in ornithine decarboxylase activity (ODC). In
      addition, the interaction of each ganglioside with nerve growth factor (NGF) was
      investigated with an NGF-responsive pheochromocytoma PC12 cell line and NGF
      insensitive neuroblastoma Neuro-2a cultures. PC12 cells responded to gangliosides
      only in the presence of NGF (20 micrograms/ml): GM1 produced the greatest
      morphologic response, but did not alter metabolic levels; GT1b increased both
      parameters. The presence (5 micrograms/ml) or absence of NGF did not have an
      effect on the ganglioside-mediated morphologic responses of Neuro-2a cells to
      each species: GD1b elicited the greatest increase in neurite length, while GD1a
      and GT1b stimulated both length and number. In contrast, while GT1b alone was
      able to elevate ODC activity independently of NGF, the simultaneous exposure of
      Neuro-2a cultures to NGF and GM1 or GD1a resulted in a stimulation of cellular
      metabolism. These results indicate that each ganglioside species has a specific
      target action in the stimulation of different trophic responses and that
      performance in one category is not a predictor of the result in another. In
      addition, it is possible to confer a sensitivity to NGF by simultaneous treatment
      with specific gangliosides. This indicates that membrane gangliosides may
      modulate the actions of neurotrophic factors.

PMID- 3708380
TI  - Actin filament organization within dendrites and dendritic spines during
      development.
AB  - The myosin S-1 subfragment was used to label actin filaments in the developing
      rat brain. The results show actin filaments present throughout the dendritic
      region with highest concentrations within growth cones and regions of spine
      development. Between 6 and 25 days postnatal, spines became more complex and
      actin filaments within them increased in number and formed a complex network. The
      observed organization of actin supports the hypothesis that actin has a role in
      the protrusion of spines from the dendrite during development.

PMID- 3708381
TI  - Early olfactory learning induces an enhanced olfactory bulb response in young
      rats.
AB  - During postnatal days 1-18, pups were simultaneously exposed to an odor and
      reinforcing tactile stimulation similar to that normally received from the dam.
      Control pups received only the odor, only the stimulation, or neither of these
      stimuli. On postnatal day 19, pups that had previously received simultaneous odor
      and tactile stimulation displayed both a behavioral odor preference and an
      enhanced 2-deoxyglucose uptake in specific olfactory bulb glomeruli to subsequent
      presentation of that odor. These results suggest that early olfactory learning
      enhances the neural response to odors that have acquired attractive value.

PMID- 3708382
TI  - Cortical dendritic spine loss in rat pups whose mothers were prenatally injected
      with phenylacetate ('maternal PKU' model).
AB  - Pregnant rats injected with phenylacetate produced pups who had structurally
      abnormal cortical pyramidal cell dendrites. Neurons whose perikarya were in layer
      5 had apical dendritic arbors with reduced numbers of dendritic spines which were
      longer and thinner than controls. Pyramidal cells of other cortical layers, as
      well as hippocampal pyramidal cells, were qualitatively and quantitatively
      normal. These results may be pertinent to children born to mothers with
      hyperphenylalaninemia (untreated PKU), many of whom have microcephaly, seizures
      and mental retardation. Application of findings in this rat model of maternal PKU
      to affected human children is uncertain until human histologic data become
      available.

PMID- 3708383
TI  - Effects of neuron-conditioned medium and fetal calf serum content on glial growth
      in dissociated cultures.
AB  - The influence of the microenvironment as assessed by medium conditioned by 6-day
      old chick embryo neurons in culture and of the nutrients derived from fetal
      bovine serum was evaluated in cultures of primary chick embryo glial cells. Glia
      enriched cultures from 15-day-old chick embryo were incubated from culture days 3
      9 with various concentrations of neuron-conditioned medium, with or without 10%
      fetal bovine serum in the final culture medium. Also, glial growth was studied in
      cultures with 5%, 10% or 20% fetal bovine serum in the medium. Glutamine
      synthetase and 2',3',-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase were used as
      astrocytic and oligodendrocytic markers, respectively. Cultures were harvested at
      day 9. The presence of neuron-conditioned medium in the cultures was associated
      with persistence of immature glioblast-like cells. This persistence of glial
      immature cells was also reflected by the lower glutamine synthetase activity in
      the cultures with neuron-conditioned medium as compared to cultures with neuron
      conditioned medium and fetal calf serum. In cultures with 5% neuron-conditioned
      medium without fetal bovine serum, cyclic nucleotide phosphohydrolase activity
      was increased. We are assuming that the input of neurons to the microenvironment
      is partially mediated through the neuron-conditioned medium. Thus, the present
      findings show that neurons influence the growth and differentiation of glial
      cells in culture.

PMID- 3708384
TI  - Myelin proteins in the CNS of 'shaking pups'.
AB  - Myelin proteins were quantitated in whole tissue and isolated 'myelin fractions'
      from spinal cord, brainstem and hemispheres of 'shaking pups', a mutation in
      Springer-Spaniel dogs characterized by hypomyelination of the CNS. The amount of
      myelin basic protein (MBP) in the brainstem of affected 4-week-old pups was 2.6%
      of that in age-matched controls, while the levels of 2'3'-cyclic nucleotide
      phosphodiesterase (CNP) and myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) were 10% and 15%
      of the control levels, respectively. Similar results were obtained in the spinal
      cord and hemispheres, and the amounts of these proteins in the mutant pups did
      not change substantially between 4 and 16 weeks of age. The amount of the 21 kDa
      MBP compared to the 18 kDa MBP was relatively increased in the shaking pups,
      suggesting that the small amount of myelin formed was immature. The yields of
      myelin fractions from the mutant pups were very low; e.g., the yield from the
      brainstems of 4-week-old mutants was only 2.4% of that from age-matched controls
      and the yield did not increase by 16 weeks. The isolated myelin fractions
      contained very little MBP (less than 0.5% of total protein) or proteolipid
      protein, indicating that they were a very immature form of myelin or consisted
      largely of non-myelin contaminants. MAG in the 'myelin fractions' from the mutant
      brainstems were 9-15 fold higher and CNP levels were 2-3 fold higher than those
      in whole homogenates, suggesting that the isolated fractions were enriched in
      oligodendroglia-derived membranes. Overall, the biochemical results are
      consistent with a severe hypomyelination of the CNS in which a small amount of
      immature myelin is formed.

PMID- 3708385
TI  - Age-dependent stimulation by atrium explants or nerve growth factor of nerve
      fibre outgrowth from cocultured embryonic rat sympathetic ganglia.
AB  - Whole sympathetic superior cervical ganglia of 14- and 15-day-old rat embryos
      were cultured in a collagen gel medium for 24 h with or without explants of heart
      atrium from the same animals or from newborn rats. The extent of nerve fibre
      outgrowth was estimated by counting the number of nerve fibres crossing each arc
      of a sector drawn in the microscope ocular. Only few nerve fibres extended from
      the ganglia of the 14-day-old embryos cultured in the pure control medium.
      Addition of exogenous nerve growth factor did not stimulate the poor growth.
      While the growth of nerve fibres in the presence of atrium explants of newborn
      rats did not significantly differ from that in cultures without any target
      tissue, the presence of atrium explants of the same, 14-day-old, embryo resulted
      in clearly enhanced fibre outgrowth from the ganglia, which was inhibited by
      antiserum to the nerve growth factor. The ganglia of 15-day-old embryos cultured
      without target tissue in the control medium produced only sparse fibre outgrowth
      which was excessively increased by exogenous nerve growth factor. Coculture with
      atrium explants of 15-day-old embryos or newborn rats produced an increased
      overall nerve fibre growth, as well as predominance of those fibres growing
      toward the target tissue. The growth-promoting effect of the atrium of 15-day-old
      embryos was only partially prevented by antiserum to the nerve growth factor,
      while that elicited by newborn rat atrium was totally inhibited.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3708386
TI  - A morphometric analysis of the development of the fourth ventricle choroid plexus
      in the rat.
AB  - The choroid plexus from the rat fourth ventricle was investigated at ages from 16
      days of gestation to 30 days after birth. Choroid plexus weights were measured
      and light and electron micrographs were analysed by quantitative stereological
      techniques at 4 levels of magnification. There was a 10-fold increase in plexus
      weight between 19 days of gestation and 30 days after birth which was largely due
      to an increase in epithelial weight, with little change occurring in the
      connective tissue core. Before birth, epithelial cell height decreased whereas
      between 10 and 30 days after birth cross-sectional area increased, both events
      being accompanied by corresponding changes in cell volume. Large intracellular
      stores of glycogen were present around birth, when they occupied up to 20% of the
      cell volume. After birth there were significant increases in apical microvillus
      height, the number of microvilli per cell and in the size of the mitochondria,
      suggesting that a large increase in choroid plexus secretory function, or the
      commencement of a new function, occurs after birth in the rat.

PMID- 3708387
TI  - The organization of the rat motor cortex: a microstimulation mapping study.
AB  - In conclusion, the rat primary motor cortex appears to be organized into
      irregularly shaped patches of cortex devoted to particular movements. The
      location of major subdivisions such as the forelimb or hindlimb areas is
      somatotopic and is consistent from animal to animal, but the internal
      organization of the pattern of movements represented within major subdivisions
      varies significantly between animals. The motor cortex includes both agranular
      primary motor cortex (AgL) and, in addition, a significant amount of the
      bordering granular somatic sensory cortex (Gr(SI)), as well as the rostral
      portion of the taste sensory insular or claustrocortex (Cl). The rat frontal
      cortex also contains a second, rostral motor representation of the forelimb,
      trunk and hindlimb, which is somatotopically organized and may be the rat's
      supplementary motor area. Both of these motor representations give rise to direct
      corticospinal projections, some of which may make monosynaptic connections with
      cervical enlargement motoneurons. Medial to the primary motor cortex, in
      cytoarchitectonic field AgM, is what appears to be part of the rat's frontal eye
      fields, a region which also includes the vibrissae motor representation. The
      somatic motor cortical output organization pattern in the rat is remarkably
      similar to that seen in the primate, whose primary, supplementary and frontal eye
      field cortical motor regions have been extensively studied.

PMID- 3708388
TI  - Influence of nitrous oxide upon regional brain levels of methionine-enkephalin
      like immunoreactivity in rats.
AB  - The influence of a 60-min exposure to 75% nitrous oxide/25% oxygen upon
      concentrations of methionine-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity (MELI) in discrete
      brain regions was investigated in conscious rats. Compared to room air-exposed
      control animals, nitrous oxide-exposed rats had 12-18% increases in MELI in the
      brainstem, spinal cord, hypothalamus and corpus striatum. There were no
      significant differences between control and nitrous oxide-exposed rats in levels
      of MELI in the cerebral cortex or diencephalon.

PMID- 3708389
TI  - Modulatory role for prolactin in the elevation of striatal dopamine receptor
      density induced by chronic treatment with dopamine receptor antagonists.
AB  - The chronic administration of haloperidol (HAL), domperidone (DOM), or sulpiride
      (SUL) increased the density of striatal dopamine (DA) receptors in intact but not
      in hypophysectomized (Hypox) male rats. This effect was independent of changes in
      body weight of the rats and of the drugs' abilities to produce cataleptic
      behavior. All treatments of intact rats increased serum rat prolactin (rPRL)
      concentrations, while Hypox rats had rPRL levels equivalent to zero. At the doses
      used in these studies, the striatal DA receptor densities were increased only if
      the rPRL levels were also increased. Chronic cysteamine (CYS) treatment decreased
      body weight gain, acutely decreased cataleptic behavior to HAL, decreased serum
      rPRL levels, and prevented the increase in serum rPRL levels due to HAL
      administration. While CYS itself did not alter striatal DA receptor density, it
      prevented the increase in density associated with the chronic administration of
      HAL (1 mg/kg). Since CYS decreased rPRL levels, these results lend further
      support to the hypothesis that rPRL (and prolactin in general) is a pituitary
      hormone with modulatory action on the increase in striatal DA receptor density.

PMID- 3708390
TI  - Morphine increases metastatic tumor growth.
AB  - Walker 256 carcinosarcoma cells produce subpleural pulmonary metastases when
      given intravenously to the Sprague-Dawley rat. The number of metastases increases
      when the rat is given morphine subsequent to the tumor load. The increase in the
      number of metastases can be blocked be pretreatment with the opiate antagonist
      naloxone. Naloxone itself does not influence the number of metastases.
      Pentazocine is an opiate that is agonistic to the endorphin kappa-type opiate
      receptor and partially antagonistic to the mu-type receptor, where morphine acts
      primarily. While pentazocine alone has no influence on metastases and may
      decrease the number when given early, pentazocine partially blocks the metastatic
      inducing effect of morphine.

PMID- 3708391
TI  - Rat strain differences in the acquisition of hippocampal self-stimulation.
AB  - The rate of acquisition of lever-pressing for electrical stimulation of the
      hippocampus (HPC) was compared in two strains of rat: barrier-sustained Wistar
      and Sprague-Dawley. Sprague-Dawley rats initially bar-pressed at very low rates
      and took a median of 11 days to self-stimulate, according to the criterion used.
      Wistar rats all reached the same criterion in the first test session.
      Differential sensitivity to the activating effects of stimulation as an
      explanation for this difference was ruled out by the observation that both
      strains decreased response rates at the same rate and to the same level if
      stimulation was made non-contingent on lever-pressing. Differential threshold for
      reward was ruled out by the observation that rate-intensity curves yielded the
      same threshold currents and peak rates in both strains. Finally, it was shown
      that the rate of development of kindled seizures in the two strains of rats is
      different: Wistars kindle to full seizures faster than do Sprague-Dawleys. The
      relationship between the quicker onset of self-stimulation and of kindled
      seizures in Wistars is discussed.

PMID- 3708392
TI  - Effects of prenatal stress on sexually dimorphic asymmetries in the cerebral
      cortex of the male rat.
AB  - Diamond and collaborators have reported sexual dimorphic right greater than left
      thickness asymmetries in the cerebral cortices of male Long-Evans rats. In the
      present work we report that normal Sprague-Dawley males show a similar cortical
      asymmetry. On the other hand, Sprague-Dawley males whose mothers were subjected
      to treatments of prenatal stress three times daily during the third trimester of
      gestation showed a nonsignificant left greater than right pattern in the same
      cortical areas--a pattern characteristic of the female cortex. These results are
      consistent with other findings from our laboratory wherein we have recently shown
      that prenatal stress during the third trimester of gestation demasculinizes
      sexually dimorphic regions of the preoptic hypothalamus in male rats. It is
      concluded that stress mediated changes in the prenatal environment can have a
      profound effect on the developmental processes which shape the morphology of
      sexually dimorphic regions of the brain in male offspring. Normal male anatomy is
      biased in the direction of a feminine structure. Such an anatomical picture is
      consistent with demasculinized and feminized behavior patterns exhibited by male
      offspring of prenatally stressed dams.

PMID- 3708393
TI  - Effect of intraperitoneal and intragastric loading with water and isosmotic
      solutions of saline and glucose on water intake of dehydrated rats.
AB  - Female rats, dehydrated with food available for 24 hr, lost 6 to 8% of body
      weight. When allowed access to water, 40 to 60% of the weight deficit was
      replaced within the first hr. Either intraperitoneal (IP) or intragastric (IG)
      water loads (3% of body weight) administered just prior to return of water
      inhibited water intake of dehydrated rats nearly completely during the first hr
      of access to water. In contrast, similar loads of isotonic saline were much less
      effective. Even when 0.5 and 1.0 hr elapsed between IP loading (3% of body
      weight) with isotonic saline and access to water, water intake was not
      significantly different from that of untreated, dehydrated controls. In contrast,
      a similar IP load of water at these times completely inhibited water intake.
      Because of the contrasting effects of similar loads of water and isotonic saline
      on water intake of dehydrated rats, additional studies were carried out with an
      isosmotic solution of glucose (5%). IG administration (3% of body weight) of
      glucose inhibited water intake of dehydrated rats. IP administration (3% of body
      weight) attenuated the drinking response but did not reduce it to the level
      observed in dehydrated rats given an IP water load. When isosmotic glucose was
      administered at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 hr prior to allowing access to water, water
      intake was reduced significantly below that of dehydrated controls and to the
      same extent regardless of time of administration of the glucose load.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3708394
TI  - GABA in the PNS: demonstration in enteric neurons.
AB  - The hypothesis that gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a peripheral
      neurotransmitter was tested by determining whether GABA is present in enteric
      neurons. GABA was detected in the quail gut using high pressure liquid
      chromatography. GABA-like immunoreactivity was found in both enteric neural
      plexuses. Only a few neuronal perikarya, but many fibers were stained in each.
      GABA-immunoreactive neurons survived for over a week in vitro; therefore, they
      must be intrinsic to the bowel. These and earlier observations indicate that GABA
      is a peripheral (enteric) as well as a central neurotransmitter.

PMID- 3708395
TI  - Caudate neuronal activity in cats during head turning: selectivity for sensory
      triggered movements.
AB  - Units were recorded extracellularly from the caudate nucleus (CN) of cats during
      movement. The majority of CN units fired during sensory-triggered movements
      rather than movements in general. However, sensory stimulation was a necessary
      but not a sufficient condition for CN unit responding; stimuli caused unit
      responses only when movements were evoked. Additionally, only movements triggered
      by particular stimuli were associated with unit responding. These unit responses
      were not sensory because neural activity changes were associated with movement
      onset rather than stimulus presentation. These data are in accord with recent
      suggestions of a sensory-based motor function for the basal ganglia.

PMID- 3708396
TI  - Phase plane tracking: a new method for shaping movements.
AB  - Study of the relation between muscular activation patterns and movements has
      largely been based on the control of discrete movement parameters as amplitude,
      duration and maximum velocity. A new method is described for shaping voluntary
      limb movements in order to reliably obtain movements of different dynamic
      characteristics. A template of the desired movement is calculated with a micro
      computer. This template is displayed on a storage oscilloscope as a phase plane
      (velocity vs. position during movement). By moving an instrumented handle the
      subject reproduces the template movement. Subjects readily adapt to this display
      and reliably make movements of different dynamic characteristics.

PMID- 3708397
TI  - Eruptive vellus hair cysts.

PMID- 3708398
TI  - Skins are simpler than you think. Dermatological management for G.P. trainees.

PMID- 3708399
TI  - Comparison of the stressfulness of harvesting broiler chickens by machine and by
      hand.
AB  - The procedures of manual and machine catching acted as short-term stressors, and
      induced a state of fear in 8-week-old broiler chickens. The heart rate of birds
      caught by both methods rose to similar high values but that of birds caught by
      machine returned to near normal rates more quickly, suggesting that they were
      less stressed. The duration of tonic immobility, a response which increases with
      fearfulness, was much longer in manually-caught birds. These results suggest that
      stress could be reduced and welfare improved by catching and picking up broiler
      chickens by a carefully designed machine, rather than by hand.

PMID- 3708400
TI  - Influence of food input and procedure of determination on metabolisable energy
      and digestibility of a diet measured with young and adult birds.
AB  - Two series of balance trials were performed with adult cockerels and with broiler
      chickens during their 5th week of life, and one with adult colostomised hens. The
      latter served to determine the digestibility of protein of the diet under test.
      All birds were fed the same diet with one exception: in the case of colostomised
      hens limestone (100 g/kg) was added before feeding. The main purpose of the
      experiments was to compare the Sibbald procedure for determining the so-called
      true metabolisable energy (TME) with apparent metabolisable energy (AME) or TME
      values obtained by applying a conventional addition method (CAM). The results
      showed that the Sibbald procedure was less precise than CAM. The Sibbald
      procedure delivered incorrect TME and AME values, the reason for this being the
      use of starved birds. This led not only to wrong intercepts but also to
      misleading regression coefficients in the regression equations used to calculate
      energy excretion on food intake. In CAM there existed no differences between AME
      and TME. This was not true for the Sibbald procedure, in which AME values
      differed considerably from TME values. Because of the errors inherent in the
      Sibbald procedure it is suggested that it should be replaced by CAM, in which
      several feeding inputs should be used.

PMID- 3708401
TI  - Body temperature and plasma arginine vasotocin in fowls adapted to high- and low
      NaCl diets.
AB  - The effects of high- and low-NaCl diets on body temperature, plasma osmolality,
      plasma electrolytes and arginine vasotocin (AVT) were studied in the domestic
      fowl. Body temperature as a function of time increased or decreased significantly
      in the high- and low-NaCl groups respectively. Plasma osmolality, sodium and
      chloride concentrations and AVT concentration were significantly higher in the
      high-NaCl adapted group. An overall significant correlation was found between
      body temperature and plasma sodium-to-calcium ratio (r = 0.62). These findings
      support the concept of an altered hypothalamic thermoregulatory set-point,
      induced by changes in plasma sodium-to-calcium ratio.

PMID- 3708402
TI  - Carcase characteristics of Japanese quail at 42 days of age.
AB  - An experiment was carried out with Japanese quail to study the effect of sex on
      carcase characteristics. The carcase yield was significantly greater in males
      than females, although the carcase weight was similar. The breast and legs
      constituted a major proportion of body weight, being 34.6 and 32.1% for males and
      females respectively, but their yields were not influenced by sex. The
      proportionate yield of liver and alimentary tract was greater in females than in
      males. Both part weight and part yield could be accurately predicted by body
      weight.

PMID- 3708403
TI  - Plasma concentrations of luteinising hormone during the ovulatory cycle in hens
      selected for reduced oviposition interval and maintained in continuous light or a
      24 h light:dark cycle.
AB  - Plasma luteinising hormone (LH) concentrations were measured during the ovulatory
      cycle in lines of Australorps and White Leghorns selected for reduced oviposition
      interval and maintained under continuous light and noise. Selection significantly
      increased plasma LH concentrations in mid-sequence ovulatory cycles of
      Australorps but not in the White Leg-horns. Selection in the Australorps
      apparently increased the rate of ovarian follicular maturation, resulting in more
      frequent LH peaks. The effect of selection on plasma LH concentrations is a
      function of the lighting condition to which the hens are exposed.

PMID- 3708404
TI  - An embryonic anomaly in Gallus domesticus.

PMID- 3708405
TI  - Gordon memorial lecture. The biologists' debt to the domestic fowl.
AB  - Although it is highly desirable to reduce the need for experiments with animals,
      in vitro methods cannot entirely supplant them. Observations made in simple
      systems must be checked in a live subject if they are to be relevant to man or
      other higher animals. Young growing chicks are very susceptible to vitamin
      deficiencies. Biological assays in chicks have been used to check the validity of
      chemical and microbiological methods of measuring vitamins in foods. Experiments
      with chicks and chick embryos deprived of vitamin B12 have served to predict the
      likely clinical effects of analogues of the vitamin. The discovery of the growth
      promoting properties of dietary antibiotics stimulated research into the
      influence of the gut microflora on its host. Studies in germ-free and gnotobiotic
      chicks have implicated Streptococcus faecium as one of the organisms responsible
      for the growth depression reversed by antibiotics. In general the growth of
      conventional chicks given adequate diets is slightly less good than that of their
      germ-free counterparts, although small beneficial effects of the microflora have
      been observed in special circumstances. The most important function of the
      indigenous microflora appears to be as a barrier against invasion by pathogens.
      To sustain this protective barrier may incur a small cost to the host in terms of
      dietary energy and other nutrients.

PMID- 3708406
TI  - Failure of oestradiol administration to induce fatty liver haemorrhagic syndrome
      in the laying hen.
AB  - Studies were carried out to investigate whether the administration of oestradiol
      to laying hens induced fatty liver-haemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS). Short term
      oestradiol administration (up to 6 d) significantly increased liver size and
      plasma lipid concentration but had no effect on liver lipid concentration or
      hepatic lipogenic enzyme activities. Longer-term hormone treatment (up to 28 d)
      again significantly increased liver size and plasma lipid concentration. Liver
      lipid concentration was substantially reduced and lipogenic enzyme activity
      significantly reduced in oestradiol-treated birds. These effects had some
      similarities to those seen in oestrogenised immature birds and were additive to
      the effects of endogenous oestrogen in the laying bird. There were no deaths from
      FLHS and oestradiol treatment did not cause liver haemorrhages or affect egg
      production.

PMID- 3708407
TI  - Comparison of two lighting regimens and drinker cleaning programmes on the
      performance and incidence of leg abnormalities in turkey males.
AB  - Turkey males subjected to a low intensity step-down (LISD) lighting programme
      showed significantly heavier body weights after 20 weeks of age and significantly
      better feed conversions after 14 weeks of age compared with males reared in a
      high intensity step-up lighting (HISU) programme. Although both nonchilled and
      chilled carcase weights were higher, the dressing percentages were lower for
      males of the LISD lighting regimen. Males of the HISU lighting programme had
      significantly fewer leg abnormalities, shorter tarso-metatarsi, lighter drumstick
      weights, and lighter tibia weights. Males on the HISU lighting programme from 15
      to 19 weeks of age had larger testes; however, after 20 weeks of age they were
      larger in males on the LISD lighting regimen. Cleaning and disinfecting the
      drinking troughs daily rather than weekly had no effect on any production
      variable measured.

PMID- 3708408
TI  - Calcium intake in relation to ovulation and oviposition when access to oyster
      shell is time-restricted or unrestricted.
AB  - White Leghorn hens were fed either a conventional diet containing 40 gCa/kg from
      oyster shell, or one low in Ca (3 g/kg) with oyster shell offered separately. In
      experiment 1 access to oyster shell was unrestricted; in experiment 2. Access was
      time-restricted to the first 6 h of the photophase of the 14L:10D photoperiod.
      Irrespective of time-restriction, hens offered oyster shell laid heavier eggs,
      but shell thickness was reduced. On days on which only ovulation occurred, time
      restricted hens consumed significantly less Ca than unrestricted hens. In
      contrast, on days on which only oviposition occurred, time-restricted hens
      consumed significantly more Ca than unrestricted hens. These results suggest that
      when access to oyster shell is time-restricted to morning hours Ca consumption
      occurs in response to a Ca deficit persisting from the previous period of shell
      calcification.

PMID- 3708409
TI  - Correlation of the fertilising ability of semen from individual male fowls with
      sperm motility and ATP content.
AB  - Individual fertility results were obtained by artificially inseminating semen
      from 24 cockerels. The fertility thus obtained was shown to be strongly
      correlated with sperm motility, as measured by an objective spectrophotometric
      technique (r = 0.82); with sperm ATP concentrations (r = 0.76); and with the
      morphological integrity of spermatozoa, as judged by light microscopy (r = 0.67).

PMID- 3708410
TI  - Studies on systemic absorption of tobramycin in polyethylene glycol ointment
      applied to wounds of burn patients.
AB  - The penetration of tobramycin ointment (0.2 per cent) through human burn wounds
      was studied in two patients with superficial dermal burn (SDB) and deep dermal
      burn (DDB), two patients with DDB, one patient with full thickness burn (FB) and
      one patient with burn ulcer (BU). After application of the ointment, the
      absorption of tobramycin occurred promptly with a peak level at 2-6 h in the sera
      of patients with SDB + DDB and DDB only. In the BU patient it was found at 2 h;
      while in the FB, at 10-12 h. The excretion of tobramycin into the urine was also
      studied. The absorption rate constants (ka) of the two SDB + DDB patients were
      0.31 and 0.74, of the two DDB patients, 0.079 and 0.18, and those of the DB and
      the BU patients, 0.053 and 0.95, respectively. The absorption ratios of
      tobramycin (amount excreted into the urine during 24 h/applied dose) were
      different, depending on the condition of the burn wound, and ranged from a low of
      10.3 per cent (FB) to a high of 44.0 per cent (BU). These results show that the
      treatment of burn patients with tobramycin ointment to control burn wound
      infection should be carefully supervised, especially in the case of BU.

PMID- 3708411
TI  - Preclinical assessment of burn wound dressings.
AB  - Preclinical assessment procedures for wound dressings have been established
      taking into account the important parameters of tensile mechanical properties,
      conformability to body surfaces, water-vapour transmission and gas permeability.
      A new test has been specifically developed to assess dressing conformability,
      while the other parameters were assessed using established techniques. The
      procedures aid clinicians by providing a screen reducing the number proceeding to
      full expensive clinical trials. They are also of assistance to manufacturers in
      their bid to optimize the characteristics of dressings and evaluate candidate
      materials.

PMID- 3708412
TI  - Effects of thermal trauma on cardiac force of contraction.
AB  - Previous studies have reported that administration of potent peripheral
      vasodilating drugs will significantly increase thermal trauma-induced depression
      of cardiac output. This finding suggests that most of the depression in cardiac
      output after thermal trauma is due to an increase in peripheral resistance and a
      decrease in venous return rather than a direct depression of myocardial
      contractile force. Studies have been carried out using a strain gauge arch sewn
      on the left ventricle to measure myocardial force of contraction in the mongrel
      dog anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and receiving a 15 per cent total
      body surface area full skin thickness flame burn. The results of this study
      showed a significant decrease in cardiac output immediately after burn, which
      persisted for 7 h. Myocardial force of contraction, measured in grams, fell
      immediately after burn and returned to pre-burn values by 3 h post-burn. In one
      series of animals, verapamil, a calcium-channel-blocking substance, was
      administered. In these animals cardiac output returned to pre-burn levels
      following the administration of the drug, but myocardial force of contraction
      remained significantly lower than pre-burn value for the duration of the
      experiment. Correlation coefficients comparing cardiac output and myocardial
      force of contraction showed no significant relationship between values in either
      untreated or verapamil-treated animals.

PMID- 3708413
TI  - Drug treatment of changes in platelet-vessel wall interactions in burned rats.
AB  - The interaction between blood platelets and the walls of blood vessels is changed
      after burn injury to rats and guinea-pigs. Treatment of burned experimental
      animals with heparin, nicotinic acid, thrental, phytin, glutamic acid and alpha
      tocopherol inhibited the increase in platelet-vascular wall interaction, improved
      the microcirculation in mesenteric vessels and increased the endurance of the
      animals to physical stress.

PMID- 3708414
TI  - Regeneration of full layer necrosis of the skull following high voltage
      electrical injury.
AB  - Scalp and skull necrosis often follow high voltage electrical injury to the head.
      Classically reconstruction of the scalp and skull is performed after
      sequestration of the necrotic bone. The relatively frequent complication of
      epidural infection, however, detracts from this approach. As an alternative we
      have attempted to induce regeneration of devitalized bone by covering it with a
      vascular tissue flap. A typical patient is described in this report with results
      which indicate that at least partial regeneration of the necrotic tissue can
      occur, thus one-stage management of such wounds is possible.

PMID- 3708415
TI  - Intracranial pressure monitoring as an aid to resuscitation in the burnt and
      asphyxiated child: three case reports.

PMID- 3708416
TI  - Duoderm, an alternative dressing for smaller burns.
AB  - In this study Duoderm has been used for the treatment of superficial and deep
      partial thickness burns in 61 patients. In 15 patients a second similar burn was
      treated with human allografts or silver sulphadiazine cream. Five very small full
      skin thickness burned areas were also treated with Duoderm. Treatment with
      Duoderm had to be stopped before total epithelial cover had occurred in 3
      patients. Duoderm is a very good alternative for the treatment of smaller
      superficial and deep partial thickness burns, since it provides very good
      results, both cosmetically and functionally, combined with fast re
      epithelialization and comfort for the patients.

PMID- 3708417
TI  - Sister chromatid exchange analysis in nurses handling antineoplastic drugs.
AB  - Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) analyses were carried out in hospital nurses to
      determine whether an increased frequency of SCE may be used as an indicator of
      occupational exposure to potentially harmful antineoplastic drugs. In our study
      of 18 oncology nurses who handled these agents for an average of three days per
      week, we found no increase in mean SCE frequency (9.3 +/- 1.7 SCEs/cell) and no
      difference in the distribution of individual mean SCE frequencies compared to a
      group of 18 nurses who did not handle these drugs (9.5 +/- 1.5 SCEs/cell). There
      was a great deal of individual variation in mean SCE frequency as well as in SCE
      values in individual cells. No relationship with SCE frequency was found in terms
      of a subject's age, or the number of days of exposure to the drugs. Since
      conflicting results have been reported in persons handling antineoplastic drugs,
      SCE analysis alone is probably not a reliable indicator of exposure to possible
      mutagenic/carcinogenic effects of these drugs. SCE analysis may be helpful in
      conjunction with other studies, such as an analysis of urinary mutagens, or in
      studies of occupational exposure to agents other than antineoplastic drugs which
      may have a more noticeable effect on SCE frequency.

PMID- 3708418
TI  - Antimetabolites in combination with other drugs improve therapy of diffuse
      aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

PMID- 3708419
TI  - The unclear role of methotrexate in the treatment of diffuse large-cell lymphoma.

PMID- 3708420
TI  - Can we measure success in preventing child abuse? Issues in policy, programming
      and research.
AB  - Can we measure success in preventing child abuse? As the field of child abuse and
      neglect prevention matures intellectually and as more and more agencies require
      evaluative research to substantiate claims of programmatic success, this issue is
      emerging with ever growing vigor. This paper reviews efforts to set prevention
      goals in the United States, e.g., by the federal government's Surgeon General's
      Report on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention and by the National Committee
      for the Prevention of Child Abuse. For such goal setting to be defensible and
      socially productive, it must be linked to a research base. This research base is
      growing and maturing. The home health visitor concept, in particular, has
      received clear and powerful support as a preventive strategy. However, many
      issues remain concerning other strategies. Of equal or greater importance are the
      many difficulties we face in documenting base rates of maltreatment with which to
      assess the impact of preventive interventions. Questions remain about the
      adequacy of infant mortality data, child injury rates, and the validity of
      officially reported cases of child maltreatment. The paper reviews the data
      available to clarify and resolve these issues, and outlines a strategy for
      assessing success of efforts to reduce severity and incidence of child abuse in
      the United States. These efforts are presented in the context of a series of
      principles regarding child abuse prevention, e.g., the difference between
      prevention linked to broad social and economic reforms versus preventive
      programming targeted at ameliorating the lives of high-risk families in the
      absence of broad socioeconomic change.

PMID- 3708421
TI  - Screening for problem parenting: preliminary evidence on a promising instrument.
AB  - This paper reports on efforts aimed toward the development of more effective
      procedures for identifying mothers who are at elevated risk for problems in
      parenting. We present data from two independent samples of known maladaptors and
      corresponding comparison mothers and report on our attempts to cross-validate a
      promising screening instrument composed of items that index social support and
      parenting attitudes. The resultant 20-item scale correctly identified over 90% of
      maladaptive and comparison mothers. When this scale was cross-validated on a
      second independent sample of maladaptors and comparison mothers, it was again
      almost 90% accurate. Issues concerning the field application of this promising
      instrument are discussed and its possible limitations are considered.

PMID- 3708422
TI  - Environmental influences on incidents of alleged child abuse and neglect in New
      York State psychiatric facilities: toward an etiology of institutional child
      maltreatment.
AB  - In order to gain a better understanding of the etiology of institutional child
      maltreatment, 232 allegations of child abuse and neglect in New York State Office
      of Mental Health operated facilities were investigated with the hypothesis that
      environmental stresses placed on professional child care workers can precipitate
      incidents of child maltreatment in institutional settings in the same way that
      stress and anxiety experienced by a parent can contribute to incidents of abuse
      in the home. The study focused on administrative policy decisions, patient census
      and admissions, seasonal influences, staffing levels and identifiable one-time
      disruptions in daily routines as potential contributors to institutional abuse. A
      multivariate regression analysis revealed a significant four-variable model for
      predicting the number of reports of abuse and neglect per month, R2 = .585,
      F(4,21) = 7.41, p less than .01. Potential preventive measures based on this
      model were suggested.

PMID- 3708423
TI  - Experiences in day care and social competence among maltreated children.
AB  - The experience of 39 preschool-age maltreated children from 13 child care
      facilities was examined to determine the extent to which the children's social
      development was related to the quality of day-care service. Maltreated children
      assigned by the Arkansas Department of Social Services to three different types
      of child care facilities were observed: specialized day-care programs, regular
      day-care centers and family day homes. The children scored below average in
      intelligence and were rated by their parents as displaying higher than normal
      rates of disturbed behavior. While no comparison group of non-maltreated children
      was included in the study, observations of the maltreated children in the child
      care setting revealed substantially more positive than negative social behavior.
      The children were reasonably effective in interacting with adult caregivers in
      day care. The maltreated children were also productive in most encounters with
      peers. Ratings of the quality of care received in day care were significantly
      correlated with the children's social competence in child care. Aspects of social
      behavior in maltreated children were related to the organization of the program,
      the physical facilities, traits of the caregiver, and caregiver expectations for
      the children.

PMID- 3708424
TI  - Identification and reporting of child maltreatment by Head Start personnel:
      attitudes and experiences.
AB  - A two-part questionnaire was administered to 143 Head Start personnel in order to
      determine how personal characteristics of the Head Start workers and the
      characteristics of the families they serve, affect the identification and
      reporting of child maltreatment. Of additional interest was whether some forms of
      maltreatment, once identified, would be more likely to be reported than other
      forms of maltreatment. The results support the efficacy of educational programs
      in child maltreatment for increasing the identification and reporting of
      maltreatment by workers. They also indicate that there are complex interactions
      between certain characteristics of the reporter (e.g., educational level) and
      prior training in maltreatment identification. Finally, neglect, although more
      frequently identified by the workers, appears to be least likely of all forms of
      maltreatment to be reported to official sources. Results are discussed in light
      of their implications for future research and practical application.

PMID- 3708425
TI  - Clinicians and caseworkers: issues in consultation and collaboration regarding
      protective service clients.
AB  - From a social systems and family systems perspective, this paper considers the
      relationships among protective service clients, caseworkers in protective service
      agencies and clinicians asked to provide mental health services. It argues that
      effective clinical services often depend on the clinician's understanding of the
      role of the caseworker, the caseworker's role-related stresses, and the larger
      system that serves as context for the caseworker-client relationship. Dynamics
      leading to inappropriate or collusive involvement of clinicians with families and
      caseworkers are discussed. Special consideration is given to four stress-related
      issues: issues of assessment and investigation; needs for validation; problems of
      responsibility and authority; and feelings towards clients. Strategies to help
      clinicians become more effective collaborators with caseworkers are suggested and
      the use of a team approach to the provision of clinical services is reviewed.

PMID- 3708426
TI  - Review of 125 children 6 years of age and under who were sexually abused.
AB  - The authors present a chart review of 125 children, 6 years of age and under, who
      presented between early 1981 and mid 1983 to an acute care hospital because of
      sexual abuse. They represented one-third of the cases of alleged sexual abuse
      between infancy and 18 years of age referred to the hospital's multidisciplinary
      sexual abuse team. The ratio of females to males was 3.3:1. Sixty percent of the
      children were victims of intrafamilial abuse. Of the preschoolers, 72.5% were
      victims of intrafamilial abuse. At school age there was a reversal with 73% of 6
      year olds being abused by extrafamilial offenders. The duration of the abusive
      relationship was greater in intrafamilial abuse. Purposeful disclosures were more
      frequent overall but were significantly less frequent when the perpetrator was
      intrafamilial or when the child was a preschooler. Two-thirds of the children had
      physical and/or behavioral symptoms. Parents of children who had been the victims
      of intrafamilial abuse were more likely to be separated or divorced. The
      difficulties in assessing young victims of alleged sexual abuse and the
      implications of the findings in this review are discussed.

PMID- 3708427
TI  - Can a three-year-old child bear witness to her sexual assault and attempted
      murder?

PMID- 3708428
TI  - Rethinking prevention.

PMID- 3708429
TI  - Choroidal and retinal detachment following argon laser iridotomy.
AB  - This case report examines another of the many complications resulting from argon
      laser iridotomy. The authors believe that choroidal and retinal detachment
      subsequent to argon laser iridotomy are a product of the exceptionally high
      cumulative energy used in the procedure and might result from changes induced in
      the chamber angle. Although the authors could not prospectively find any
      choroidal or retinal detachment in the patient, they think that it might occur
      subclinically and must be suspected in a pale iris if the energy used is high
      and/or if vision is transiently lowered during the postoperative period.

PMID- 3708430
TI  - Pupil cycle time in primary closed-angle glaucoma.
AB  - Pupil cycle time was measured in fellow eyes of 118 patients with closed-angle
      glaucoma and 70 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Results indicate that the
      duration of pupil cycle time was significantly prolonged in patients with closed
      angle glaucoma as compared to the control group (p less than 0.001); in addition,
      the prevalence of absent pupillary oscillation was significantly increased in
      closed-angle glaucoma patients (p less than 0.001). The implications are
      discussed, with particular reference to the association between closed-angle
      glaucoma and systemic parasympathetic neuropathy.

PMID- 3708431
TI  - Sheep botfly: ophthalmomyiasis externa.
AB  - Sheep botfly (Oestrus ovis) conjunctival infestation is rare in North America but
      is common in other parts of the world. The author treated 30 patients with this
      type of conjunctivitis in Jerusalem in 1981 and 1982. The conjunctivitis may vary
      from mild to severe (pseudo-orbital cellulitis). Features of the conjunctivitis
      include pale edema, linear superficial punctate keratopathy and the presence of
      larvae in the conjunctival sac. Conjunctival scrapings revealed a preponderance
      of polymorphonucleocytes.

PMID- 3708432
TI  - Effects of ouabain on calcium paradox in rat hearts.
AB  - The effects of ouabain (10(-7) to 10(-5) M) on the interrelationship between cell
      cell contacts, resting tension, and creatine phosphokinase (CK) leakage owing to
      myocardial cell injury during Ca2+ paradox were studied in isolated perfused rat
      heart preparations. After perfusing for 15 min with Ca2+ -containing medium,
      hearts were perfused for 5 min with Ca2+ -free medium followed by a reperfusion
      with Ca2+ -containing medium for 5 min. This resulted in a transient increase in
      resting tension and a substantial release of CK into the perfusate during the
      calcium reperfusion period. These changes were accompanied by extensive
      structural damage in the myocardial cell, including formation of contraction
      bands, swelling of the mitochondria, and cell-cell separation. Inclusion of 10(
      5) M ouabain for 5 min in the Ca2+ -containing perfusion medium prior to the
      start of Ca2+ -free perfusion resulted in a higher and sustained resting tension
      that was accompanied by a reduced loss of CK from the heart during Ca2+
      reperfusion. In a histological examination of these ouabain exposed hearts, most
      of the structural changes owing to calcium paradox were apparent, but the cell
      cell contacts were maintained. The results are consistent with the hypothesis
      that the loss of cell-cell contacts in the intercalated disc during the
      occurrence of Ca2+ paradox may be the cause of the delayed decline in the resting
      tension and is only partially responsible for the loss of CK. These differences
      in myocardial changes during Ca2+ paradox with or without ouabain may be due to
      the retention of calcium at certain crucial sites under the influence of ouabain.

PMID- 3708433
TI  - Amygdaloid kindling in alloxan-diabetic rats.
AB  - Wistar rats, made diabetic by intravenous administration of alloxan, 40 mg/kg,
      were submitted to amygdala kindling. The EEG and behavioral responses elicited by
      stimulating the amygdala nuclei in these animals were compared with those
      observed in control rats. Alloxan-treated rats required more stimulation to
      kindle, had increased duration of afterdischarges (AD), presented intense
      interictal spiking, and exhibited greater number of wet-dog shakes than controls.
      Although the AD threshold was not different between control and experimental
      rats, the above results seem to indicate an increase in the local epileptic
      susceptibility represented by longer ADs. On the other hand, this increased local
      discharge seems to be unable to access the generalization mechanism, which can be
      verified by the increased kindling rate. Hyperosmolarity, pH alterations, or
      other generalized metabolic changes frequently associated with diabetes could be
      implicated in these results.

PMID- 3708434
TI  - Difference in the relation between infarct and occluded bed in pentobarbital
      anesthetized and conscious dogs.
AB  - The relationship between myocardial infarct size (IS) and occluded bed size (OBS)
      in pentobarbital-anesthetized (A, n = 16) and conscious (C, n = 20) dog models
      were compared. IS and OBS (postmortem coronary arteriography) were measured by
      computerized planimetry of weighed left ventricular (LV) rings 7 days after
      permanent left anterior descending (LAD, n = 19) or circumflex (LC, n = 17)
      coronary artery occlusion. For both A and C groups, IS was directly related to
      OBS (p less than 0.001) and no infarcts developed for small occluded beds. For
      either LAD or LC subgroups, infarcts were larger in A than C dogs (49 +/- 18 vs.
      30 +/- 19% OBS, p less than 0.025), with greater slope of the linear regression
      between IS and OBS (p less than 0.001) and less epicardial sparing on topographic
      mapping (p less than 0.05). Although postocclusion mean arterial and left atrial
      pressures were similar in A and C groups, heart rates were greater in the A dogs,
      both pre- (125 vs. 88 beats/min, p less than 0.001) and post-occlusion (151 vs.
      108 beats/min, p less than 0.001). Endocardial flows (radioactive microspheres)
      in infarct centers and margins were less in A than C dogs. Also,
      endocardial/epicardial (endo/epi) flow ratios in all regions were less in A than
      C dogs, both pre- and post-occlusion. Increasing heart rate in 10 other C dogs
      with LAD occlusion to that of the A group (151 beats/min) by right ventricular
      pacing resulted in larger infarcts with greater slope of the linear regression
      and less endo/epi flow ratios, as in the A group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3708435
TI  - Clonidine fails to reduce pressor responsiveness of conscious spontaneously
      hypertensive rats to vasopressin.
AB  - Pressor responses and heart rate responses to intravenous injections (3.5-50.0
      pmol/kg) of arginine vasopressin (AVP) were recorded in saline- and clonidine
      treated spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY)
      rats. Clonidine (20 micrograms/kg, i.v.) caused a marked fall of arterial
      pressure in SHR but not in WKY rats so that, 20 min after the injection of the
      alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist, arterial pressure was similar in the two strains of
      rats. The curve expressing the relationship between the dose of AVP and the
      increase of arterial pressure for saline-treated SHR was positioned to the left
      of that for saline-treated WKY rats. This enhanced pressor responsiveness of SHR
      to AVP may have been related to impaired reflex activity since heart rate fell
      much less in SHR than in WKY rats for a given elevation in pressure. Pressure
      responses to AVP were augmented by clonidine in both SHR and WKY rats so that,
      similar to saline-treated rats, pressor responsiveness to the peptide was still
      greater in SHR. Heart rate responses to AVP were not altered significantly by
      clonidine. The results indicate that clonidine fails to enhance reflex activity
      and reduce pressor responsiveness of SHR to AVP. The increased pressor
      responsiveness of both SHR and WKY rats to AVP following clonidine was an
      unexpected finding and may be related to a peripheral interaction between alpha
      adrenergic agonists and AVP.

PMID- 3708436
TI  - High performance liquid chromatography analysis of nifedipine and some of its
      metabolites in hypertensive patients.
AB  - Techniques are described for the analysis of nifedipine and three of its
      metabolites; dehydronifedipine (I), dehydronifedipinic acid (II), and
      dehydronifedipinolactone (III) in human serum and urine. The analytes are
      extracted at pH 9 or 3 with ethyl acetate and chromatographed on a C8 reverse
      phase column. Recoveries from spiked control serum and urine ranged from 70 to
      95% depending on the polarity of the analyte. The coefficient of variation ranged
      from 10 to 15% (nifedipine, I, and III at 50-200 ng/mL) and 15-20% (II at 200
      2000 ng/mL). Accuracy was always within the limits of precision. The metabolism
      of nifedipine in a group of hypertensive patients receiving long-term nifedipine
      therapy was compared with that reported for acute administration. Serum
      nifedipine levels were comparable in both cases, but contrary to previous
      reports, dehydronifedipine was consistently found in significant amounts. Serum
      levels of II were considerably elevated but III was not detected either in serum
      or in urine. Thus, prolonged nifedipine therapy in conjunction with other
      antihypertensive medications appears to be associated with significant
      alterations in the metabolism of nifedipine compared with acute administration.

PMID- 3708437
TI  - Effect of nifedipine on calcium-induced contractions to potassium in the aorta
      and mesenteric arteries of spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats.
AB  - Graded contractions to cumulative additions of calcium in the presence of KCl
      were obtained in strips of aorta and mesenteric arteries of normotensive (WKY)
      and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats. In calcium-free medium, a maximally
      effective concentration of KCl produced a response that was larger in the
      mesenteric arteries (43-51% of control) than in the aorta (12-14% of control).
      The calcium channel blocker nifedipine (NFD, up to 10(-7) M) did not
      significantly alter these calcium-insensitive responses. The Ca2+-induced
      responses were inhibited by NFD, in a concentration-dependent fashion, in both
      vessel types of WKY and SHR rats. The aortic responses were more sensitive to
      inhibition by NFD than the responses of mesenteric arteries. Moreover, the aortic
      responses of WKY were inhibited to a greater extent than those of the SHR. The
      results suggest: (a) a differential calcium dependence of contractions to KCl in
      the vessels studied; (b) that aortic responses are dependent on NFD-sensitive
      voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels to a greater extent than the responses of
      mesenteric arteries; and (c) that hypertension results in a decreased sensitivity
      of the aorta Ca2+ channels to NFD.

PMID- 3708438
TI  - Cholinergic mechanisms. I. Function and dysfunction of cholinergic neurones. II.
      Neurotoxicity associated with altered cholinergic function. Symposium of the
      Canadian Federation of Biological Societies. Toronto, Ont., Canada, June 18,
      1985.

PMID- 3708439
TI  - Nucleus basalis neuronal loss and neuritic plaques in advanced Alzheimer's
      disease.
AB  - All our advanced severe cases of Alzheimer's disease had dramatic cholinergic
      cell loss in the basal forebrain, even after correction for cell or nucleolus
      shrinkage. We examined the relation between cell loss in the various subdivisions
      of the nucleus basalis of Meynert and plaque counts in corresponding and
      noncorresponding projection areas. This relation was not interpretable because of
      the ambiguity in the data.

PMID- 3708440
TI  - Pharmacological evaluation of GABAergic and glutamatergic inputs to the nucleus
      basalis--cortical and the septal-hippocampal cholinergic projections.
AB  - The presence of different receptor populations within a given brain area can be
      effectively evaluated via the local injections of defined receptor agonists and
      antagonists. Using this approach, it has become evident that the nucleus basalis 
      cortical cholinergic pathway possesses an inhibitory GABAergic input to the
      nucleus basalis from the nucleus accumbens as well as a positive glutamatergic
      feedback from the cortex. The septal-hippocampal cholinergic pathway also
      possesses an inhibitory GABAergic regulation which consists of a large GABAergic
      interneuron population in the septum. A glutamatergic feedback from the
      hippocampus is also present. These regulatory inputs to cholinergic cells are not
      tonically active but appear to function as phasic modulators of cholinergic
      transmission in both pathways.

PMID- 3708441
TI  - Neurochemical effects of choline supplementation.
AB  - Whether or not the brain can use supplemental choline to enhance the synthesis of
      acetylcholine (ACh) is an important consideration for assessing the merits of
      using choline or phosphatidylcholine (lecithin) for the treatment of
      neuropsychiatric disorders postulated to involve hypocholinergic activity. While
      it is well documented that administered choline is incorporated into ACh, the
      ability of supplemental choline to increase the synthesis and release of ACh has
      been questionable. Studies in my laboratory have demonstrated that acute or
      chronic choline supplementation does not, by itself, enhance the levels of ACh in
      brain under normal biochemical and physiological conditions. However,
      supplemental choline prevents the depletion of ACh in brain induced by numerous
      pharmacological agents that increase the firing of cholinergic neurons. Since the
      levels of free choline in brains from supplemented rats were not different from
      controls prior to drug challenge, evidence suggested that the observed effects of
      choline were mediated by alterations in the mobilization of choline from choline
      containing compounds. Studies investigating the release of choline from brain
      indicated that more choline was released per unit time in tissues from choline
      supplemented rats than from controls. In addition, brain tissue from choline
      supplemented rats had increased concentrations of total lipid phosphorus as
      compared with controls. Hence, although choline supplementation does not alter
      the levels of ACh in brain under normal conditions, it does appear to support ACh
      synthesis during drug-induced increases in neuronal activity, an effect most
      likely mediated by alterations in the metabolism of choline-containing
      phospholipids.

PMID- 3708442
TI  - Role of electrical activity and trophic factors during cholinergic development in
      dissociated cultures.
AB  - The role of electrical activity in the developmental regulation of cholinergic
      neurons was investigated in dissociated spinal cord--dorsal root ganglion (SC
      DRG) cultures. Application of tetrodotoxin (TTX) during the first 6 days after
      plating had no effect on choline acetyltransferase (CAT) activity. Suppression of
      electrical activity during the 7th day decreased CAT to 68% of control. These
      decreases in CAT activity were still apparent 2 weeks after removal of the TTX.
      GABAergic neurons, as indicated by glutamic acid decarboxylase activity and high
      affinity [3H]GABA uptake, were not affected by TTX treatment. Addition of 8-bromo
      cAMP or conditioned medium obtained from SC-DRG cultures at certain developmental
      periods produced dose-dependent increases in CAT levels on TTX-treated cultures
      as compared with those treated with TTX alone. Similar studies with 8-bromo-cGMP
      revealed no significant effects on CAT activity. Vasoactive intestinal peptide
      (VIP) produced a dose-dependent increase in CAT activity when added to cultures
      between days 12 and 14. Similar studies conducted on younger cultures (days 5-7)
      or older cultures (days 21-23) revealed no increases in CAT activity. Addition of
      0.1 nM VIP to TTX-treated cultures resulted in CAT levels which were not
      significantly different from those of electrically active controls. These data
      suggest that cyclic AMP, VIP, and trophic substances in conditioned medium may
      have roles in the mechanism of cholinergic toxicity produced by electrical
      blockade of developing spinal cord neurons.

PMID- 3708443
TI  - Predominant bacterial genera in granular activated carbon water treatment
      systems.
AB  - Granular activated carbon (GAC) beds may be used for removal of dissolved organic
      matter during the treatment of drinking water. However, they might also change
      the microbiological quality of the water entering the distribution system either
      by changing the predominant bacteria or the bacterial density of the treated
      water. A 3-year pilot plant study of water treatment using GAC beds was conducted
      at the Baxter Water Treatment Plant in Philadelphia. During the study, bacteria
      were isolated from the raw water and from the effluents of the GAC treatment
      units. At the end of the study, bacteria were also isolated from the GAC units
      and from sand beds operated in parallel with the GAC units. Bacterial genera in
      the GAC effluents and in the GAC units themselves were similar to those found in
      the raw water and in the sand beds. Prechlorination and (or) preozonation of the
      water before GAC treatment had no noticeable effect on the bacterial genera found
      as compared with GAC unit having no predisinfection. The bacterial genera found
      in this study were similar to those found in seven other studies of GAC water
      treatment that used a variety of treatment schemes and a variety of heterotrophic
      plate count techniques to evaluate bacterial populations. From these several
      studies it appears that GAC treatment does not change the nature of the bacterial
      populations associated with drinking water.

PMID- 3708444
TI  - Manganese and antibiotic biosynthesis. I. A specific manganese requirement for
      patulin production in Penicillium urticae.
AB  - The effect of trace metal nutrition on the functioning of the patulin
      biosynthetic pathway in submerged cultures of Penicillium urticae (NRRL 2159A)
      was examined by both chromatographic and enzymological means. Comprehensive metal
      ion analysis showed generally low levels of contaminating metal ions in media
      components. Of eight metal ions examined, only manganese strongly influenced
      secondary metabolite production. In control cultures or cultures deficient in
      calcium, iron, cobalt, copper, zinc, or molybdenum, pathway metabolites appeared
      in the medium at about 25 h after inoculation. The first pathway-specific
      metabolite, 6-methylsalicylic acid, accumulated only transiently before being
      converted to patulin whose concentration steadily increased. In manganese
      deficient cultures, however, 6-methylsalicylic acid continued to accumulate, with
      only minor amounts of patulin being produced. Additionally, a marker enzyme for
      the pathway showed only 0-20% of control activity. Clear dose responses (patulin
      versus manganese) were found in different media, with no effect on growth yield.
      Addition of manganese to depleted cultures at 18, 26, or 36 h resulted in
      increasing marker enzyme activity and patulin concentrations. It is concluded
      that manganese exerts a specific, positive effect on patulin biosynthesis and may
      in some way control the section of the patulin pathway occurring after 6
      methylsalicylic acid.

PMID- 3708445
TI  - Manganese and antibiotic biosynthesis. II. Cellular levels of manganese during
      the transition to patulin production in Penicillium urticae.
AB  - The radionuclide 54MnCl2 was used to examine the cellular manganese content of
      submerged cultures of Penicillium urticae NRRL 2159A. Liquid-scintillation
      spectroscopy allowed sensitive detection of isotopic manganese in both normally
      supplemented and manganese-deficient cultures. The cellular manganese content in
      supplemented cultures showed three distinct phases, including a period of uptake
      that coincided with the time of transition to antibiotic biosynthesis. Such an
      uptake was not seen for manganese-deficient cultures, but addition of normal
      quantities of unlabelled manganese to the media appeared to stimulate uptake.
      Preliminary characterization shows this manganese uptake is not inhibited by
      other metal ions, does not require metabolic energy or a protein component, but
      is disrupted by changes in incubation temperature. The significance of these
      observations is discussed in the light of recent work on the requirement for
      manganese for antibiotic biosynthesis in this organism.

PMID- 3708446
TI  - Silicone synovitis.

PMID- 3708447
TI  - Trauma care.

PMID- 3708448
TI  - Pilonidal disease.

PMID- 3708449
TI  - Occult breast cancer.

PMID- 3708450
TI  - Symposium on surgical manpower in the smaller community.

PMID- 3708451
TI  - Symposium on surgical manpower in the smaller community. The Canadian Association
      of General Surgeons' questionnaire: results and observations.
AB  - The Canadian Association of General Surgeons distributed a questionnaire to
      members located in communities of 40 000 population or less. The objective was to
      establish a minimal referral base of general surgeons, to identify the scope of
      procedures performed and the adequacy of training for serving smaller communities
      and to gain knowledge of the need for other specialists and the activity of the
      general practitioner-surgeons in smaller centres. A review of 92 replies
      indicated that, in general, these surgeons are very satisfied with the hospital
      and laboratory facilities, and perform a broad range of operative procedures for
      which there is abundant operating time. In communities of 10 000 to 20 000 there
      appears to be a need for extra training in obstetric, gynecologic and orthopedic
      procedures. Most of the larger communities have an adequate number of other
      surgical specialists with the exception of neurosurgeons. Of the respondents, 80%
      practised on a referral basis only with an average of 10 referring general
      practitioners; 24% were in competition with general practitioner-surgeons, but
      most indicated that this is a diminishing problem. It appears that practice in
      small communities provides a very rewarding and professionally challenging
      surgical career.

PMID- 3708452
TI  - Symposium on surgical manpower in the smaller community. The advantages and
      disadvantages of practising surgery in a small community.
AB  - The advantages of practice in a community encompassing a population of about 35
      000 include readily available beds and operating rooms, a relative diversity of
      surgical problems, increased job satisfaction and solid community support through
      service clubs and other volunteer organizations. Disadvantages in some situations
      can include lack of investigational facilities and of internists for
      consultation. A lack of surgical assistants, anesthetists and intensive-care-unit
      support are other potential negative factors. The quest for continuing medical
      education requires definite resolve, and practice finesse must be well honed.

PMID- 3708453
TI  - Symposium on surgical manpower in the smaller community. Training and continuing
      medical education requirements for practice in the small community.
AB  - The author considers the training requirements of a general surgeon who will be
      the only surgical specialist in a small community. Apart from the usual heavy
      gastrointestinal content, the surgeon's training should include 1 year of
      fracture and trauma training, the care of head injuries and urologic injuries,
      and, the management of abdominal gynecologic problems and the technique of
      cesarean section. Attendance at smaller regional surgical meetings, participation
      in the Surgical Education and Self-assessment Program (SESAP) of the American
      College of Surgeons and other continuing education programs are also essential in
      maintaining standards.

PMID- 3708454
TI  - Symposium on surgical manpower in the smaller community. Is there a future for
      the community general surgeon?
AB  - The author attempts to assess the factors affecting the future of surgery in
      Canadian communities with a population of 10 000 to 30 000. Five problems are
      identified: (a) unrealistic patient expectations, (b) government cutbacks causing
      reduced equipment budgets, (c) difficulty in getting competent, modern anesthesia
      from well-trained general practitioners, (d) undergraduate and postgraduate
      training focus and (e) political enlargement of medical schools and reduced
      funding for health care. The proposed solutions are as follows: realistic patient
      expectations should be possible through authoritarian advertising compaigns;
      residency training should be keyed to community surgery; community health care
      standards can be promoted and maintained by creating a link between the community
      surgeon (specialist) and the tertiary hospital of his choice. This can be
      accomplished by creating a new class of staff appointment in the tertiary
      hospital, the "referring consultant" (i.e., the community surgeon).

PMID- 3708455
TI  - Symposium on surgical manpower in the smaller community. The Canadian Association
      of General Surgeons and the community surgeon.
AB  - The relationship between the Canadian Association of General Surgeons and the
      community surgeon is a symbiotic one. Despite the controversy about medical costs
      and the oversupply of physicians, there is and will continue to be an increased
      need for general surgeons in Canada. Highly trained general surgeons are needed
      in medium-sized and smaller communities where the bulk of general surgery is
      done. The Canadian Association of General Surgeons sponsors research in education
      that will affect surgical knowledge and the training and future of community
      surgeons.

PMID- 3708456
TI  - Reoperation after failed esophagomyotomy for achalasia.
AB  - Of 49 patients with achalasia treated surgically between 1975 and 1985, 12 (8
      women, 4 men) had undergone transthoracic esophagomyotomy previously. Four had
      had concomitant upper gastrointestinal surgery. All 12 patients complained of
      dysphagia; other symptoms included regurgitation, nocturnal aspiration,
      heartburn, chest pain, vomiting, upper gastrointestinal bleeding and weight loss.
      The average time from initial operation to onset of symptoms was 9 months.
      Preoperative investigations and operative findings identified the cause of
      dysphagia as inadequate or healed esophagomyotomy with persistent or recurrent
      achalasia (eight patients--two had partially disrupted fundoplications
      contributing to their dysphagia), hiatus hernia with reflux esophagitis causing
      esophageal spasm or peptic esophageal stricture (two patients) and incorrect
      initial diagnosis and treatment (two patients). Treatment, with the aid of
      intraoperative manometry, included repeat Heller myotomy (five patients), Hill
      antireflux repair (four patients), takedown of Nissen fundoplication and
      extension of myotomy (two patients). The average follow-up was 16 months. Eight
      patients had good results, two required further operation and one underwent
      multiple dilatations postoperatively. The causes of recurrent dysphagia following
      surgery for achalasia are diverse and patients require individualized
      investigation and treatment. Remedial surgery for achalasia can correct
      postoperative dysphagia but results are less successful than those following an
      adequate initial operation.

PMID- 3708457
TI  - Endobronchial carbon-dioxide laser therapy.
AB  - Twenty-four patients underwent single and multiple carbon-dioxide laser
      treatments for endobronchial lesions at the Mount Sinai Hospital in Toronto.
      Fifteen had malignant disease, 2 had benign tumours and 7 had benign strictures.
      Rigid bronchoscopy with Venturi ventilation was used in all, with the CO2 laser
      therapy directed down the open end of the bronchoscope. In the majority of cases
      laser therapy was combined with mechanical debridement, consisting of removal
      with biopsy forceps and use of the end of the rigid bronchoscope to "core out"
      the tumour mass. Assessments were made subjectively by the patient and
      objectively by bronchoscopic examination and post-treatment roentgenography.
      Worthwhile improvement was noted in patients who had proximal malignant lesions
      and those with benign lesions at all levels. Overall there was an effective
      improvement in 18 of the 24 patients.

PMID- 3708458
TI  - Pros and cons of urgent exploratory sternotomy after open cardiac surgery.
AB  - To determine whether it is appropriate to perform urgent exploratory sternotomy
      for potentially life-threatening complications of open-heart procedures, the
      authors reviewed the charts of 100 such patients managed by exploratory
      sternotomy between December 1982 and December 1984. Group 1 comprised 32 patients
      who suffered cardiac arrest (8) or had acute profound hypotension (24). Group 2
      included 68 patients with persistent excessive bleeding. Of group 1 patients
      operated because of acute profound hypotension, 50% had definite evidence of
      cardiac tamponade. In the remainder the cause was severe myocardial ischemia and
      left ventricular failure. In group 2 an identifiable correctable site of bleeding
      was found in 78%. Four of the 8 patients with cardiac arrest and 20 (83%) of the
      24 patients with acute profound hypotension survived and left the hospital. In
      group 2, 58 (85%) of the 68 survived. The mean postoperative stay was higher in
      group 1 than group 2-20.3 +/- 3.08 days versus 14.2 +/- 1.23 days (p less than
      0.1). The duration of ventilatory support in group 1 was also higher - 6.18 +/-
      1.32 days versus 2.12 +/- 0.38 days. Postoperatively, sputum cultures gave
      positive results in 19% of the patients, all of whom had required prolonged
      ventilatory support. Minor sternal wound infections were present in two and major
      in four. There was no significant difference in morbidity of the survivors
      between those who underwent sternotomy in the recovery room or in the operating
      room.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3708459
TI  - Host-defence mechanisms in surgical patients: case report of reduced
      polymorphonuclear neutrophil and antibody functions associated with surgical
      sepsis.
AB  - The authors evaluated the host-defence capability of a 33-year-old woman with a
      history of poor wound healing, gastrointestinal fistulas and bacterial and fungal
      sepsis after abdominal operations. The following tests gave normal results:
      hemoglobin, blood neutrophil and monocyte counts, delayed hypersensitivity skin
      test, serum albumin, immunoglobulin and complement levels, blood T- and B-cell
      percentages, in-vitro immunoglobulin synthesis and body cell mass. The following
      tests gave abnormal results: lymphocyte count, leukocyte adherence, in-vivo and
      in-vitro polymorphonuclear neutrophil chemotaxis, neutrophil bacterial killing
      and antibody response to tetanus toxoid. Decreased polymorphonuclear neutrophil
      and humoral immune functions could account for the woman's history of repeated
      surgical sepsis. Evaluation of host-defence mechanisms can illuminate the cause
      of repeated episodes of sepsis.

PMID- 3708460
TI  - Systemic candidiasis in a surgical intensive care unit.
AB  - Treatment for systemic candidiasis has often been withheld because of the
      nephrotoxicity of standard amphotericin B therapy, particularly in
      immunodepressed patients. The authors describe their experience between 1981 and
      1983 with 29 such patients in the intensive care unit who were treated with low
      dose amphotericin B. The diagnosis was made when endophthalmitis or persistent
      fungemia was present, or when Candida was cultured from three or more body sites.
      The daily dose of amphotericin B was 0.3 to 0.5 mg/kg. Treatment was accompanied
      by a mean increase in the serum creatinine value of 26% in patients who did not
      undergo dialysis before therapy, but this did not lead to renal failure. The
      overall death rate was 72.4%. Non-survival appeared to be associated with an
      inadequate total dosage (less than 6 mg/kg); survivors received a mean total dose
      of 570 mg. A retrospective analysis of positive peritoneal cultures failed to
      support their previously reported significance. The authors conclude that, in
      some instances, low-dose amphotericin B will effectively treat systemic
      candidiasis, resulting in little renal impairment, and that the criteria for such
      treatment require re-evaluation.

PMID- 3708461
TI  - Chest-tube thoracostomy causing Horner's syndrome.
AB  - Horner's syndrome developing early after lung biopsy is reported in a 42-year-old
      woman. At the end of the procedure a thoracostomy tube was inserted with its tip
      at the T1-2 posterior intercostal space. The authors conclude that direct injury
      to the second order preganglionic neuron in the vicinity of the stellate ganglion
      caused the Horner's syndrome. They recommend placing the tip of the thoracostomy
      tube below the level of the second rib posteriorly to prevent this complication.

PMID- 3708462
TI  - Coffee consumption and fibrocystic breasts: an unlikely association.
AB  - Caffeine and other methylxanthines have recently come under scrutiny as
      substances that may cause breast tissue to undergo fibrocystic changes. The
      authors present a retrospective 5-year study of 358 women with fibrocystic breast
      disease and a 6-month prospective study of 72 women with this condition. Although
      methylxanthine consumption was constant, the clinical findings in semiannual or
      monthly examinations in both studies were inconsistent. On the basis of their
      results and a review of available studies, the authors believe there is no
      scientific basis for an association between the consumption of methylxanthines
      and the development of fibrocystic breast disease.

PMID- 3708463
TI  - A fatal pulmonary embolus composed of gross liver tissue.
AB  - A snowmobile accident caused a pulp injury to the liver and tear of the vena cava
      of a 21-year-old man. Improvement after fluid resuscitation, right hepatic
      lobectomy and caval repair was followed by sudden hemodynamic collapse and death.
      Autopsy revealed pulmonary embolism caused by liver tissue. Presumably the pieces
      of liver entered the vena cava through the tear and travelled to the lung when
      blood flow improved. The authors believe that this is the first report of fatal
      pulmonary embolism caused by macroscopic liver tissue.

PMID- 3708465
TI  - Obtaining consent for autopsy.

PMID- 3708464
TI  - The seven deadly scientific sins of clinical studies.

PMID- 3708467
TI  - Recurrent monilial vaginitis.

PMID- 3708466
TI  - Nuclear war: a concern of adolescents.

PMID- 3708468
TI  - Breast cancer: screening or early diagnosis?

PMID- 3708469
TI  - Withdrawal regimen for triazolam-dependent patients.

PMID- 3708470
TI  - Doing what is right in anesthesia.

PMID- 3708471
TI  - Funduscopic examination of patients with diabetes who are admitted to hospital.
AB  - The charts of 123 patients with diabetes mellitus who were admitted to hospital
      were reviewed; 35 (28%) did not undergo funduscopic examination to detect
      diabetic retinopathy, and in 27 (22%) the examination was inadequate. Only four
      patients were referred to an ophthalmologist. Evidence of nephropathy and
      admission for diabetes control did not increase the probability of funduscopic
      examination. The findings suggest that house staff lack awareness of the natural
      history of diabetic retinopathy and of the success of current treatment. Annual
      funduscopic examination by an ophthalmologist in patients with diabetes is
      recommended, from the time of diagnosis in those with type II diabetes and
      starting 8 to 10 years after diagnosis in those with type I diabetes.

PMID- 3708473
TI  - Gonorrhea in children under 10 years of age in Canada in 1984.

PMID- 3708472
TI  - Proctalgia fugax: a cause of marital dysharmony.

PMID- 3708474
TI  - Are portable analysers incompatible with quality assurance?

PMID- 3708475
TI  - Nader: "Feel good about what you have.".

PMID- 3708476
TI  - The joys of revising a manuscript.

PMID- 3708477
TI  - Oxygen and its coat of many colours.

PMID- 3708478
TI  - Preventing needle-stick injuries.

PMID- 3708479
TI  - Sleep problems in children.

PMID- 3708480
TI  - Insurance forms: universal format needed.

PMID- 3708481
TI  - Environmental hypersensitivity: would we really accept the results of sound
      research?

PMID- 3708482
TI  - Effect of febrile illness and its treatment on anticonvulsant levels in children.

PMID- 3708483
TI  - The consensus process and evidence dissemination.

PMID- 3708484
TI  - Evidence for the "hypersensitivity syndrome".

PMID- 3708485
TI  - Hypersensitivity disorder and vernacular science.

PMID- 3708486
TI  - Indications for cesarean section: final statement of the panel of the National
      Consensus Conference on Aspects of Cesarean Birth.

PMID- 3708487
TI  - Enhancing psychosocial adaptation to gastric partitioning for morbid obesity.
AB  - Gastric partitioning, a surgical treatment for morbid obesity, challenges
      patients to drastically change their eating habits and self-image. Preoperative
      psychiatric assessment should not be aimed simply at selecting patients in whom
      there are no psychiatric contraindications. Many patients have some degree of
      risk for postoperative problems. If the risk factors can be identified before
      surgery, appropriate pre- and postoperative psychologic intervention may help
      minimize maladaptation.

PMID- 3708489
TI  - Motor vehicle accidents in northeastern Ontario: are preadmission deaths
      inevitable?
AB  - A large proportion of deaths associated with motor vehicle accidents occur before
      the victim arrives at hospital. To determine whether these deaths are inevitable,
      we reviewed the autopsy records of 279 such patients in the Sudbury, Ont.,
      region. The score on the abbreviated injury scale (1980 revision) was calculated
      for each case; 160 patients had a score of 6 (single fatal injuries) and were
      excluded from the study. The remaining 119 patients were considered to have had
      some potential for survival. The main injuries contributing to death were
      hemorrhage, airway dysfunction, pulmonary contusions and head injuries. Of the
      119, 60 had evidence of central nervous system (CNS) injury. The mean injury
      severity scores (ISSs) for those with and without CNS injury were 37.3 and 33.3
      respectively. Of the 64 patients with an ISS of 40 or less, 52 were judged to
      have had a likelihood of survival if improved trauma care before admission to
      hospital had been available in the Sudbury region.

PMID- 3708488
TI  - Predictive value of skin prick tests and radioallergosorbent tests for clinical
      allergy to dogs and cats.
AB  - The predictive value and post-test probability of disease were compared for skin
      prick tests and radioallergosorbent tests (RASTs) in 168 children suspected of
      clinical allergy to dogs and cats. The skin tests included negative and positive
      (histamine) controls. The results of RASTs with the same allergen extracts were
      expressed in relation to the results with allergen-specific pooled reference
      serum. All the tests were performed blind. The predictive values of positive test
      results were comparable and low (53% to 76%), whereas the predictive values of
      negative test results were comparable and high (88% to 95%). The post-test
      probability of clinical allergy to dog or cat allergen, based on the prevalence
      rates in the referral population (15.1% and 22.5% respectively), increased to
      between 46% and 67% for positive test results and decreased to between 4% and 8%
      for negative results, which suggests that the primary role of skin prick tests
      and RASTs is in eliminating the diagnosis of clinical allergy.

PMID- 3708491
TI  - Manpower poker, hidden aces and high stakes.

PMID- 3708490
TI  - Sterilization of the mentally disabled.

PMID- 3708492
TI  - Waging the war against alcohol abuse.

PMID- 3708493
TI  - Tubal sterilization in Manitoba.

PMID- 3708494
TI  - Is there a trend away from tranquillizing women?

PMID- 3708495
TI  - Bottle caries: a nursing responsibility.

PMID- 3708496
TI  - A case-control study of the etiology of visible congenital malformation in
      newborn babies.

PMID- 3708497
TI  - Isolation of Legionella pneumophila from Canadian hot springs.

PMID- 3708498
TI  - The 1978 national survey of smoking habits of Canadian school children.

PMID- 3708499
TI  - Prevalence of helminth ova in recreational areas of peninsular Halifax, Nova
      Scotia.

PMID- 3708500
TI  - Smoking behavior and participation in organized exercise.

PMID- 3708501
TI  - Oral hygiene habits and periodontal knowledge in a group of Canadian adults--a
      pilot study.

PMID- 3708502
TI  - Some ethical issues in public health.

PMID- 3708503
TI  - National health strategies: time for a new "new perspective".

PMID- 3708504
TI  - Giardiasis in a group of travellers--attempted use of a serological test.

PMID- 3708505
TI  - Health surveillance of workers. The report of the Task Force on Health
      Surveillance of Workers.

PMID- 3708506
TI  - Health registers for congenital malformations and in vitro fertilization.
AB  - Registers of reproductive outcomes can be used to obtain information about the
      incidence of health problems related to pregnancy and to study associated risk
      factors and underlying causes. In Australia, a national data system for
      congenital malformations, based on multiple sources of notifications, has
      provided data to determine the incidence of major malformations over a 3-year
      period (1981-1983) and to study regional variations in incidence possibly due to
      environmental or other teratogens. A national register of pregnancies resulting
      from in vitro fertilization (IVF) has been established by obtaining reports from
      IVF units for pregnancies completed by the end of 1983. This register, developed
      in collaboration with the Fertility Society of Australia, has been used to
      describe the characteristics of infertile couples and the management of IVF
      pregnancies and to determine the incidence of pregnancy losses and major
      congenital malformations. Confidentiality issues were important in setting up
      both data systems.

PMID- 3708507
TI  - The proposed Victorian Donor Gamete Register.

PMID- 3708508
TI  - Detection of the LH surge for AID, AIH and embryo transfer using a twice daily
      urinary dip-stick assay.
AB  - The detection of the spontaneous LH surge in 12 infertile women being monitored
      for transfer of frozen-thawed or donor embryos was studied using plasma
      radioimmunoassay (RIA), urinary RIA and a dip-stick enzyme immunoassay. Ten of
      the 12 women had plasma LH surges and in all but one woman the dip-stick assay
      detected the LH surge to within 12 h of the plasma RIA. The urinary RIA detected
      the LH surge in only six of the 10 women. In two of these cases the surge was
      detected 24 h and 36 h later than by plasma RIA. The dip-stick assay has many
      advantages and could be usefully integrated as a mode of monitoring ovulation in
      infertility therapy.

PMID- 3708509
TI  - Fertility, infertility and generation replacement.
AB  - Throughout most of human history 'natural fertility' and life expectations of
      about 35 years kept population numbers reasonably balanced; but the achievement
      of life expectations of 75 or more years destroyed this 'natural' system. As
      longevity increased amongst Western peoples, explosive growth rates were only
      prevented by increasingly efficient checks on fertility. Today, these checks are
      so universal and so efficient in Australia and in many other Western countries
      that 'intrinsic' levels of fertility are below generation replacement level.
      Changes in fecundity were not a significant factor in this demographic
      revolution; at least 10-12% of couples remain without issue, but the prime cause
      of the change is the evolution of the two-child family, a process which now
      involves only about a sixth of a couple's fecund married life. For the rest of
      their years most couples are now voluntarily infertile. Correction of involuntary
      sterility is important to individual couples but has little significance in terms
      of generation replacement.

PMID- 3708510
TI  - Therapeutic alternatives in infertile men.

PMID- 3708511
TI  - Contraceptive development and clinical trials.

PMID- 3708512
TI  - Physically ill and mentally ill.
AB  - Undetected physical illnesses in psychiatric patients are common. Why do so many
      physical illnesses go undetected? These disorders are difficult to detect and
      need an elaborate consultatory process. Some of the problems may be related to
      the fact that psychiatrists do not do physical examinations. Clues suggesting an
      organic etiology may be attributed to psychodynamic issues by many physicians. In
      this paper, seven case reports are presented to illustrate the following: perform
      your own physical examination; do not attribute physical signs to dynamic issues;
      all physical signs should be explained; be alert to atypical presentations;
      conduct relevant laboratory workup; avoid bias against unattractive patients; and
      pose specific questions to consultants.

PMID- 3708513
TI  - The place of attachment in the life events model of stress and illness.
AB  - Recent evidence indicates that perceived adequacy of support has substantial
      predictive power for the subsequent onset of minor psychiatric symptoms. Such
      findings suggest that social support is not purely a property of the environment,
      but is also a function of personality. The problem, however, with a re-emphasis
      on personality variables is that any one of scores of dimensions can be chosen
      for study. This paper argues that precision may be gained by conceptualizing
      personality variables in terms of basic behavioral systems that have been
      extensively investigated in ethological and developmental studies. One such basic
      system is attachment. The present paper discusses the relevance of attachment
      theory for understanding susceptibility to stress and individual differences in
      the use of social support during times of stress.

PMID- 3708514
TI  - A cohort through the revolving door.
AB  - In this study a cohort of 1722 patients first admitted to all three psychiatric
      facilities in a small urban area were followed for up to seven years. Seventy
      nine percent had non-psychotic diagnoses. Of the total cohort, 7% (n = 120) were
      readmitted more than three times--these patients were more likely to be male,
      young and unemployed, but of similar education level to age-sex matched single
      admission control. Fifty three per cent (n = 49) of this group were not psychotic
      (most were alcoholics or personality disorders) and again were more likely to be
      males, young and unemployed than age-sex matched non-psychotic single admission
      controls. Efforts to further evaluate the characteristics of the
      multiplyreadmitted cohort were thwarted for a number of reasons. Information
      about individuals within a system are essential for further epidemiological study
      but require a better data base and prospective monitoring of patient careers.

PMID- 3708515
TI  - Psychiatry, civil liberty, and involuntary treatment.
AB  - Growing concern for involuntary patients' civil rights has engendered criticism
      of psychiatry. Critics have disputed the reality of mental illness and have
      alleged that psychotic disturbances result from diagnostic "labels". Media
      accounts continue to depict the psychotically ill as abused victims rather than
      as patients requiring treatment. In the face of such attacks, psychiatrists need
      public support from their medical colleagues as well as from members of the lay
      public. The historical and socioeconomic factors germane to psychiatry are
      reviewed in an attempt to understand the current dispute about involuntary
      treatment. It is argued that the concept of civil liberty requires consideration
      of psychological freedom. Since psychotic patients are without psychological
      freedom, it is meaningless to respect their apparent liberty at the expense of
      allowing them to go untreated. Those who refuse treatment for what are deemed to
      be irrational reasons should receive treatment involuntarily. If society cannot
      trust psychiatrists to make such treatment decisions, the courts should make
      them.

PMID- 3708516
TI  - Folie a deux revisited.
AB  - Folie a deux (shared paranoid disorder) is misleadingly defined in DSM-III. It is
      not an illness in itself, but a phenomenon associated with delusional psychiatric
      illnesses. There are two main types of folie a deux. An updated nomenclature is
      proposed.

PMID- 3708517
TI  - Education and forensic psychiatry.
AB  - With the world-wide increase in more expansion in Forensic Psychiatry, the author
      discusses developments in this field in Britain and sets out models for future
      development, particularly as it refers to the training of young psychiatrists
      interested in this field. In addition, there is a discussion of the academic and
      research endeavours.

PMID- 3708518
TI  - Two cases of "pure" or "primary" erotomania successfully treated with pimozide.

PMID- 3708519
TI  - Obsessive compulsive disorder.

PMID- 3708520
TI  - Variables affecting the decision making of a review panel.

PMID- 3708521
TI  - The Canadian Constitution and its impact on psychiatry.

PMID- 3708522
TI  - The sleep of remitted bipolar depressives: comparison with sex and age-matched
      controls.
AB  - The sleep of 10 bipolar patients was recorded for five consecutive nights
      following their recovery from a depressive episode. In all respects except the
      number of arousals, their sleep did not differ reliably from that of 10 sex and
      age-matched control subjects. We conclude that sleep measures are unlikely to be
      useful as trait markers of a depressive diathesis in bipolar disorder.

PMID- 3708523
TI  - Personal therapy and the student therapist.
AB  - The effect of a therapist's personal psychotherapy on patient therapy outcome
      appears to be mixed. Some studies have shown that experienced, analysed
      therapists obtain better clinical results, but experience seems to be the
      important factor. Others have found no difference regardless of the therapist's
      personal therapy. Considerations favoring personal therapy include: awareness of
      the unconscious and of countertransference, increased empathy, minimizing blind
      spots, validating theory and method by first hand experience, and understanding
      how one's own defenses interfere with the therapeutic process. Those against
      personal therapy affirm there is no direct effect on competence, and there may
      even be detrimental effects (during residency); for example, inexperienced
      therapists in personal therapy appear to be less available to their patients
      because of their own preoccupations. Students' tendencies to identify with their
      analysts and pressure to conform in an analytic milieu might tend to decrease the
      number of therapists with varied orientations. The boundary between supervision
      and personal therapy is often unclear. In both, similar techniques may be used,
      but the goal of supervision should be to help the student to understand emotional
      problems and resistances which might interfere with the therapeutic process.
      Supervisors should make a compromise between purely didactic and therapeutic
      approaches. Despite the lack of conclusive evidence, supervisors should be
      encouraged to be less neutral and give advice and information to trainees who are
      in need of or who ask about personal therapy.

PMID- 3708524
TI  - Force-feeding: the physician's dilemma.
AB  - The right to treatment and the right to refuse treatment are parallel legal
      rights which, when in opposition, pose a dilemma. In this paper the issues
      surrounding the possible force-feeding of a hunger striker are examined together
      with the pertinent legal precedents and possible courses of action. Although the
      discussion is particularly relevant to hunger strikers, the principles may be
      applicable to other circumstances.

PMID- 3708525
TI  - Erotic transferences.
AB  - Erotic transferences occur on a spectrum reflecting the ease or difficulty of
      their management. They represent sexualized re-enactments of important childhood
      relationships. This phase in psychotherapy may be a transient developmental
      feature or in some instances, assume a formidable resistance to further
      insightful work. Two case illustrations are given to indicate the breadth of this
      spectrum. Reasons are discussed for such differences in erotic transferences and
      their resolutions.

PMID- 3708526
TI  - Multiple attempters of suicide presenting at an emergency department.
AB  - As part of a study involving seven hundred and forty-seven (747) consecutive
      cases of self-injury presenting at the emergency department of an inner city
      hospital, data pertaining to a multiple attempt group of ninety-nine subjects
      were compared with the data pertaining to first attempters. All subjects were
      rated on Beck's Lethality Scales, Intent Scale and Hopelessness Scale. In
      addition, a standard interview was conducted to provide psychosocial information.
      Of the total suicide attempt population, 14% can be considered chronic. The
      multiple attempters were found to show more chronicity in their symptomatology,
      poorer coping histories, a positive family history of suicidal behaviour and a
      positive history of alcohol and drug abuse, all at a statistically significant
      level compared with first-time attempters. The multiple attempters also tend to
      show higher lethality and depression ratings, less impulsiveness and are
      significantly more often admitted to the in-patient unit following the attempt,
      than first attempters. Their intent scores were significantly related to their
      sense of hopelessness, which may be a reflection of their basic feelings of
      inadequacy. It was concluded that the multiple or "chronic" attempter differed
      sufficiently from the first-time attempter to warrant special intervention
      strategies.

PMID- 3708527
TI  - Suicide and parasuicide in a northern Canadian native community.
AB  - This report describes suicide and parasuicide in a small, remote northern
      Canadian native community for a three-year period from 1981 to 1984. The overall
      rate for suicide was 77 per 100,000, with a rate of 241 for male Treaty Indians
      age 20 - 24. Parasuicide in the form of overdose was epidemic, with a rate of
      7,722 per 100,000 in Treaty Indian females age 15 - 19. None of the completed
      suicides had previous contact with the mental health system or previous
      parasuicides. The public health implications of these figures are discussed.

PMID- 3708528
TI  - Chronic central anticholinergic toxicity in manic depressive illness mimicking
      dementia.
AB  - Acute anticholinergic delirium has been reported to occur following ingestion of
      antidepressants, neuroleptics and antiparkinsonian drugs in toxic and therapeutic
      doses. A case is described of a chronic central anticholinergic syndrome in a
      patient receiving a combination of such drugs. This chronic anticholinergic
      toxicity was superimposed on manic depressive illness which resulted in incorrect
      diagnoses including schizophrenia and dementia and, accordingly, improper
      management. Diagnosis of central anticholinergic toxicity may be overlooked in
      psychiatric patients because the symptoms of toxicity can be incorrectly ascribed
      to psychiatric illness. It may also be overlooked in elderly patients who are
      prone to demonstrate confusion and problems with memory. The recognition of this
      syndrome in the patient reported, at least nine years after it developed, led to
      appropriate management which ultimately resulted in a dramatic change in her
      ability to function.

PMID- 3708529
TI  - Psychosis resulting in suicide in a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - A case is reported of a patient presenting to the psychiatric unit of our
      hospital with symptoms of depression and found to have an organic psychosis. On
      routine SMA-12 investigation (12 channel auto analyzer), elevated serum calcium
      was detected on admission leading to the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism
      (PHPT). The surgical removal of a parathyroid adenoma was followed by a rapid
      return of biochemical abnormalities to normal ranges. In spite of appropriate
      psychiatric management and fluctuations in the patient's clinical condition, the
      organic psychosis was unaltered and culminated in suicide 4 months after
      admission.

PMID- 3708530
TI  - Limbic system dysfunction as a factor in some schizophreniform psychoses: case
      report and overview.
AB  - A case is presented of a young woman whose schizophreniform psychosis was
      unresponsive to neuroleptic treatment, but who subsequently responded well to
      Carbamazepine. Several converging lines of investigation, suggesting an
      underlying Limbic System dysfunction, are discussed. Background to the Limbic
      System concept is provided.

PMID- 3708531
TI  - The future of psychiatry: progress--mutation--or self destruct?

PMID- 3708532
TI  - Alprazolam and desipramine in moderately severe depression.

PMID- 3708533
TI  - Testing of competence.

PMID- 3708534
TI  - 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine conjugates of thioether phospholipids as a new
      class of potential antitumor drugs.
AB  - Three 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) conjugates of 1-S-alkyl
      phospholipids (thioether phospholipids) were tested for their antitumor
      efficacies against L1210 and P388 leukemia in mice. These include 1-beta-D
      arabinofuranosylcytosine 5'-diphosphate-rac-1-S-hexadecyl-2-0-palmitoyl-1
      thioglycerol (ara-CDP-beta-palmitoyl-DL-thiochimyl alcohol, I), ara-CDP-rac-1-S
      octadecyl-2-0-palmitoyl-1-thioglycerol (ara-CDP-beta-palmitoyl-DL-thiobatyl
      alcohol, II), and ara-CDP-rac-1-S-octadecyl-2-0-hexadecyl-1-thioglycerol (ara-CDP
      beta-cetyl-DL-thiobatyl alcohol, III). Conjugates I and II produced significant
      increase in life span (293-379%) and longterm survivors among mice bearing i.p.
      implanted L1210 lymphoid leukemia at a total dose of 400 mg (389-400 mumol)/kg.
      Conjugate II also displayed a strong antitumor activity against i.c. implanted
      L1210 leukemia in mice with an ILS range of 160-200% at a total dose of 300-450
      mg (292-438 mumol/kg. Significant schedule dependency was not observed when the
      conjugates were administered i.p. once daily with following schedules: qd l; 1,5,
      9; 1-5; and 1-9, but single doses typically produced the best effects. The i.p.
      administration of conjugate II gave the best results on survival of i.p.
      inoculated L1210 leukemic mice, then followed by the s.c. and i.m. treatments.
      The i.v. treatment produced a lower activity than the others. Conjugate II also
      exhibited a strong antitumor activity against i.p. implanted P388 leukemia in
      mice with ILS values of greater than 255-greater than 329% with 3-5 45-day
      survivors at a total dose of 300-500 mg (292-486 mumol)/kg (qd 1 or 1-5). The new
      conjugates I and II displayed a comparable or somewhat higher activity than the
      previous diacyl and 1-0-alkyl analogs.

PMID- 3708535
TI  - Totally implantable catheters for cancer chemotherapy: French experience on 325
      cases.
AB  - 325 implantable catheters (PAC) were successfully used for treatment of 310
      patients with neoplastic diseases in 21 French medical centers. 263 were placed
      in central venous sites; 43 in the hepatic artery and 11 in intra-portal sites.
      There was no failure at insertion time nor was there any death attributable to
      the method. While average duration of catheterization was 182 days, 72 catheters
      remain patent after one year of use or longer. Occlusion risk was found to be
      3.6%: 1.5% for IV sites and 13.9% for intra-arterial sites (due to smaller inner
      diameter). 2.4% of the implantations showed cutaneous necrosis and in 2.7% sepsis
      occurred. Sepsis was much more likely to occur after percutaneous insertions.
      These results support the use of this device for long term chemotherapy.

PMID- 3708536
TI  - Controlled studies of a new microprocessor-based portable infusion pump.
AB  - A new microprocessor-controlled portable infusion pump, the Pancretec Provider IV
      2000 TM was tested in vitro and in vivo in cancer patients. The Provider is a
      rotary peristaltic, battery-powered pump capable of flow rates of 0.2 to 83
      ml/hour with delivery volumes up to 1999 ml. Two programming modes are available:
      intermittent infusion and continuous infusion. Bench tests showed the flow rate
      accuracy to be within 96% of the desired rate. Flow rate precision was similarly
      excellent at +/- 2%. Clinical studies were performed in 14 ambulatory patients
      receiving continuous infusion antineoplastic or analgesic drugs over 5-60 days as
      outpatients. The majority of infusions delivered fluoropyrimidines via indwelling
      central venous access ports. Two of the patients received long term (60 days)
      continuous infusion of analgesics for pain control. Flow rate accuracy with the
      pumps was within +/- 5% in 90% of the 27 infusion courses (244 patient-days of
      continuous infusion therapy). A significant therapy deviation (interruption 10%
      of the desired course) occurred in three instances. One related to a procedural
      error (incomplete cartridge insertion into the pump), two were caused by fluid
      leakage which interrupted pump function. Defect alarms (both visual and audible)
      operated in both instances. A KVO flow rate of 0.1 ml/hr was also found to be
      adequate to maintain catheter patency in peripheral veins over a 24-hour period
      in two normal volunteers. We conclude that the Provider pump is an accurate,
      reliable and state of the art infusion system with wide clinical applicability.

PMID- 3708537
TI  - Phase II trial of intracarotid BCNU and cisplatin in primary malignant brain
      tumors.
AB  - Intracarotid BCNU (100 mg/m2) and cisplatin (60 mg/m2) were administered to 36
      patients with malignant brain tumors recurrent or progressive after cranial
      irradiation. Courses of therapy were repeated at 4-6 week intervals. Of 23
      evaluable patients with recurrent glioma, 9 (39%) had tumor regression by CT scan
      and 3 had stable disease. The median time to tumor progression for responding
      patients was 37 weeks. For all patients with primary tumors it was 14 weeks. Six
      of 9 patients with no prior chemotherapy had a response and 1 had stable disease.
      Of 14 patients who had received prior chemotherapy, 3 had a response and 2 had
      stable disease. Survival ranged from 9 weeks to 95+ weeks (median 34 weeks) from
      start of therapy. Six of 23 patients with primary tumors are alive 1 year or more
      following therapy. Four of 11 patients with brain metastases had a response and 2
      had stable disease. Major neurologic toxicity of intracarotid BCNU and cisplatin
      appeared cumulative and consisted of reversible hemiparesis in 3% of 118 courses,
      TIA in 1%, expressive aphasia in 9%, lethargy in 3%, seizures in 12%, and
      reversible confusion in 1%. Retinal toxicity consisted of mild blurring of vision
      in 4 patients and ipsilateral blindness in 5 patients. Three of 22 patients who
      had received supraophthalmic infusion later developed evidence of
      leukoencephalopathy. Intracarotid BCNU and cisplatin appears to have modest
      increase in activity over intracarotid cisplatin alone (Cancer 54:794, 1984),
      however, neurologic and retinal toxicity may also be increased.

PMID- 3708538
TI  - Peritoneal access for intracavitary chemotherapy.
AB  - Direct intraperitoneal instillation of many chemotherapeutic agents can markedly
      increase total peritoneal drug exposure and may be useful for the treatment of
      ovarian carcinoma and mesothelioma. The use of a totally implanted access system
      (Port-a-CathTM) reduces the risk of inadvertent bowel damage, and infection
      associated with repeated intraperitoneal instillation of drugs. In addition,
      patient acceptance is better in comparison to catheters that protrude through the
      skin. Catheter failure due to the formation of adhesions around the outside of
      the catheter remains a major problem.

PMID- 3708539
TI  - Malignant lymphomas of the thyroid gland. Analysis of 79 patients with emphasis
      on histologic prognostic factors.
AB  - Prognostic factors in 79 patients with malignant lymphomas involving the thyroid
      gland were analyzed. These patients suffered from progressively enlarging goiter
      with over 6 months duration in 60% of patients. The age at operation ranged from
      16 to 80 years (median, 58 years). Male to female ratio was 1:1.8. Serum tests
      for antithyroid antibodies were positive in 83% of the patients, who also showed
      histologic evidence of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. Histologically, 52 cases
      (66%) were germinal center cell tumors with follicular or follicular and diffuse
      pattern in 9 cases. By the Working Formulation, 5-year survival rate of
      immunoblastic type (IBL) (13%) was much poorer than those of intermediate (79%)
      and low grade cases (92%) (P less than 0.001). The cases of IBL usually had a
      goiter of short duration, and frequently presented as advanced disease.

PMID- 3708540
TI  - Evaluation of size in prognosis of oral cancer.
AB  - Greatest surface diameter of a cancer, together with suspicion of regional node
      metastasis, forms the basis for prognosis through the clinical TNM staging system
      for many cancers. In oral cancer, however, surface size sometimes fails to
      correlate, or sometimes inversely correlates, with tumor aggressiveness. To shed
      light on the value of measuring size per se, 155 consecutive oral squamous
      cancers, treated by surgery, radiation, or a combination, were analyzed to find
      the degree of correlation between greatest surface measurement and pathologic
      nodal spread and control of cancer. In tumors less than 2 cm, size correlated
      with very few nodal metastases and with good prognoses; in tumors greater than 2
      cm, increasing size did not show a corresponding increase in pathologic node
      metastasis or significantly worsening outcomes except for a few very large
      cancers invading adjacent structures. In conclusion, greatest surface diameter of
      an oral cancer, when greater than 2 cm, is an unreliable predictor of tumor
      behavior per se. A small pilot study suggests that tumor thickness may be a
      better predictor. A formal study of this is planned.

PMID- 3708541
TI  - Rhabdomyosarcoma of pterygoid fossa. Resection for cure utilizing an innervated
      facial flap and craniofacial reconstruction.
AB  - Tumors of the pterygoid fossa are often regarded as unresectable because of their
      anatomic inaccessibility. The rapidly developing techniques of craniofacial
      surgery have advanced sufficiently to now allow safe ablative surgery in this
      area and yet preserve the functional status and cosmetic appearance of the
      patient. A technique utilizing a bicoronal incision that is extended to the angle
      of the mandible on the involved side is described. This allows wide exposure of
      the bony structures at the lateral base of the skull while maintaining the
      integrity of the facial nerve within the cutaneous flap. Temporary removal of the
      zygomatic arch achieves direct access to and visualization of the contents of the
      temporal and pterygoid fossae. Skull, mandibular, and maxillary bone adjacent to
      tumor can easily and safely be resected to obtain complete tumor-free margins.
      Craniectomy bone is harvested and split into inner and outer tables to
      reconstruct the bony defects. This approach was successfully utilized in a 5-year
      old boy with a Group III rhabdomyosarcoma with residual tumor following combined
      chemo- and radiotherapy. He remains tumor-free at 15 months, postoperation. The
      technique can be adapted for a variety of mass lesions located at the anterior
      base of the skull, both intra- and extracranially. Morbidity and mortality should
      be minimal with an experienced craniofacial team.

PMID- 3708542
TI  - Analysis of the diagnostic performance in breast cancer screening by relative
      operating characteristics.
AB  - In medical usage, relative operating characteristics (ROC) refer to the symptoms,
      signs, and laboratory values used for making a diagnosis. Diagnosis analysis by
      ROC measures diagnosis performance independently of the diagnostic criteria used,
      thus revealing the arbitrary character of diagnosis. In order to carry out ROC
      analysis, the diagnosis has to be graded in levels of certainty of the presence
      of disease (or suspicion of a lesion). When both the graded diagnosis decisions
      and the ultimate proof of presence or absence of disease are available, ROC
      analysis can easily be carried out. Analysis of 50,102 successive examinations of
      19,400 women in the Utrecht breast cancer screening projects presents a
      remarkably good fit of the observed data with the calculated values. In the
      medical context even small deviations of the actual sensitivity and specificity
      values from the ROC curve values must be considered as signs of differences in
      the diagnosis procedure and should lead to further analysis of the diagnostic
      criteria and the examined population. Consequently the separate effect of
      diagnosis impairment by the mammographic risk patterns (Wolfe) on diagnostic
      accuracy could be isolated. The effect of age on the detection capability of
      breast cancer by mammography appeared to operate in narrow age groups.

PMID- 3708543
TI  - Cisplatin administered by the intracavitary route as treatment for malignant
      mesothelioma.
AB  - Twenty-one patients with malignant mesothelioma were treated with an experimental
      intracavitary chemotherapy regimen of weekly intraperitoneal or intrapleural
      cisplatin (90-100 mg/m2) with simultaneous intravenous sodium thiosulfate
      delivered to protect against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. One of eight
      patients (12.5%) receiving intrapleural therapy and nine of 13 patients receiving
      intraperitoneal therapy demonstrated objective evidence of a clinical response,
      including three surgically defined major tumor regressions (23%). Patients
      receiving intrapleural treatment had more advanced disease prior to therapy than
      those receiving intraperitoneal therapy. It was concluded that intraperitoneal
      cisplatin is an active treatment program for intra-abdominally localized
      mesothelioma. Additional investigation of intrapleural cisplatin should be
      undertaken in a patient population with less advanced disease or following
      surgical debulking.

PMID- 3708544
TI  - Ewing's sarcoma of a lower extremity in an infant. A therapeutic dilemma.
AB  - A 5.5-month-old infant with Ewing's sarcoma of the left femur is described. The
      clinical and the pathologic features in this infant are presented in detail, and
      the dilemma faced in diagnosis and therapy of Ewing's sarcoma in infants is
      discussed. It is suggested that Ewing's sarcoma in an infant with a lower
      extremity lesion may be adequately managed without primary amputation.

PMID- 3708545
TI  - Multiple myeloma in Northern Israel, 1970-1979.
AB  - From 1970 to 1979, multiple myeloma was diagnosed in 184 residents of Northern
      Israel. The data were analyzed for variations by demographic factors, ethnicity,
      country of origin, and urban/rural residence areas. The average annual age
      adjusted incidence rate per 100,000 residents was 1.78. The rates for males and
      females were 2.1 and 1.46/10(5) person-years, respectively. The male to female
      incidence ratio was 1.44:1.0. The average incidence rate was significantly higher
      for Jews than for Arabs and was higher for European Jews than for Afro-Asians or
      native Israelis. Urban areas had significantly higher rates than rural areas. A
      statistically significant increase in the incidence rates was demonstrated for
      the years 1975 to 1979 compared to the period 1970 to 1974. The increase was
      evident in all population categories, but was particularly prominent in females,
      the Jewish population, urban areas, and in the oldest age group. The results of
      the current study suggest that both culturally derived factors and industrial
      environment may play a role in the etiology of multiple myeloma.

PMID- 3708546
TI  - The role of C-reactive protein and polyarginine in tumor immunotherapy.
AB  - C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute-phase reactant whose serum level rises
      rapidly in response to tissue injury. C-reactive protein binding to cells can
      activate the classical complement pathway, and enhance opsonophagocytosis. The
      polycation poly-L-arginine (PLA) can artificially fix CRP to target cells. The
      effects of CRP and PLA on tumor growth were evaluated, both independently and
      synergistically, using the V X 2 tumor line in the rabbit host. Ten normal
      animals and seven acute-phase animals were bilaterally inoculated with V X 2
      cells (control side) and PLA-treated V X 2 cells (experimental side). Tumor
      growth was significantly retarded on the treatment side (P less than 0.005), in
      both animal groups. It is concluded that topical PLA is a potent inhibitor of V X
      2 tumor growth. Comparison of normal and acute-phase animals revealed no
      persistent difference in tumor growth for either cell inoculum. Similarly, cell
      treatment with topical CRP did not inhibit tumor growth, whether PLA was present
      or not. Thus, circulating and topical CRP did not alter the rate of V X 2 tumor
      growth. PLA cytotoxicity remains to be evaluated when the agent is administered
      orthotopically, selectively, or systemically.

PMID- 3708547
TI  - Complex chromosomal abnormalities in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - A comparison of chromosome abnormalities between 31 cases of de novo acute
      nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) with complex karyotypes and 30 cases of secondary
      ANLL or dysmyelopoietic syndromes (DMS) revealed significant differences.
      Hyperdiploidy and partial or complete monosomy 5 were more frequent in complex de
      novo ANLL, whereas, hypo or pseudodiploidy and partial or complete monosomy of
      chromosome #7 were more frequent in secondary ANLL/DMS. Monosomy 17 and partial
      deletion of the short arm of chromosome #12 (12p-) occurred more commonly in de
      novo ANLL and secondary ANLL/DMS, respectively, but were not statistically
      significant. Therefore, although the abnormalities found in the two groups were
      of the same basic type, the frequencies of occurrence differed. These findings
      suggest the role of as yet unknown agents in the etiology of some so called de
      novo ANLL, and that different mutagenic or carcinogenic agents may produce
      different chromosomal abnormalities.

PMID- 3708548
TI  - Use of radiation induced chromosomal damage in human lymphocytes as a biological
      dosimeter is questionable.
AB  - Using dicentric chromosomes and acentric fragments as indicators of radiation
      sensitivity, a study has been performed on human lymphocyte chromosomes by
      irradiating peripheral blood cells at G0. Donor-to-donor variation has been
      noticed regarding radiation sensitivity even when metaphase spreads were scored
      at the first cell cycle. Thus, it appears that, at the present state, use of
      chromosomal damage in peripheral blood cell cultures as an effective biological
      dosimeter for effects of radiation is questionable.

PMID- 3708549
TI  - Cytogenetic findings in a primary leiomyosarcoma of the prostate.
AB  - Cytogenetic analysis of a primary leiomyosarcoma of the prostate revealed a
      clonal chromosomal rearrangement involving chromosomes #2, #3, #9, #11, and #19.
      The results are discussed in relation to the cytogenetic findings in other solid
      tumors, especially those of the prostate and leiomyosarcoma at other sites.

PMID- 3708550
TI  - Deletion of the long arm of chromosome 5 (5q-) as a secondary event in the course
      of refractory anemia.
AB  - A 54-year-old chemical plant worker developed mild pancytopenia, with normal bone
      marrow morphology. Normal bone marrow cytogenetics were documented. The patient
      developed worsening anemia 5 years into his course. The bone marrow morphology
      remained normal, but four of 30 bone marrow metaphases examined showed deletion
      of the long arm of chromosome #5. Eight years into his course, the patient
      developed severe thrombocytopenia, and his bone marrow became hypercellular, with
      dysplastic changes. Deletion of the long arm of chromosome #5 was seen in all of
      21 bone marrow metaphases examined. There had been no new exposure to potential
      mutagens during the course of the patient's illness. The occasional documentation
      of the late appearance of cytogenetic abnormalities during the course of clonal
      hematopoietic disorders implies that, in some cases at least, chromosomal
      abnormalities may not be primary pathogenetic events. The full expression of
      clonal disorders may require several pathogenetic events, which may occur in
      variable order.

PMID- 3708551
TI  - A case of rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder with a (2;5) chromosomal translocation
      in peripheral lymphocytes.
AB  - Chromosome analysis was performed on peripheral blood lymphocytes of a patient
      with rhabdomyosarcoma of the urinary bladder. It showed a reciprocal t(2;5)
      translocation with the breakpoints at 2q37.3 and 5q31.3. This is the first report
      of such an anomaly in the peripheral lymphocytes of a patient with
      rhabdomyosarcoma of the urinary bladder.

PMID- 3708552
TI  - Numerical chromosome aberrations in human neoplasia.
AB  - Cases with a simple gain or loss of one chromosome as the sole cytogenetic change
      were retrieved from a computerized registry of chromosome aberrations in human
      neoplasms. Of the total of 5345 cases in the data bank, 610 met the criteria. The
      distribution of both simple gains (349 cases) and simple losses (261 cases)
      throughout the genome was distinctly nonrandom. Chromosomes #8, #9, #12, and #21
      were more often trisomic, whereas, chromosomes #7, #22, and Y were the ones most
      often lost. The frequency of simple aberrations varied widely in different
      diseases: 29.6% in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 24.2% in meningioma, 16.9% in
      polycythemia vera, 8.1% in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, 4.2% in acute
      lymphocytic leukemia, and 1.4% in non-Hodgkin non-Burkitt lymphoma. The numerical
      changes have been correlated and compared with the specific structural
      rearrangements in cancer, and tentative pathogenetic mechanisms whereby numerical
      aberrations might enhance neoplastic development are discussed.

PMID- 3708553
TI  - A neuroendocrine tumor of the small intestine with a karyotype of 46,XY,t(11;22).
AB  - Direct preparations of cells from a neuroendocrine carcinoma of the small
      intestine reveal a karyotype of 46,XY,t(11;22)(q25;q12). Though only 13 cells
      could be analyzed from both direct and 24 hour preparations, all revealed the
      translocation; no normal cell line was seen. The patient had not been treated at
      the time of biopsy. A similar translocation recently has been reported in a
      number of cases of Ewing's sarcoma and in peripheral neuroepithelioma. This
      common occurrence, along with the observation that a rearranged chromosome #22
      with breakpoints at q11 or q12 are observed in other neoplasias including
      leukemia, suggests a possible causative role for these phenomena.

PMID- 3708554
TI  - An early, nonrandom karyotypic change in immortal Syrian hamster cell lines
      transformed by asbestos: trisomy of chromosome 11.
AB  - Cytogenetic studies were performed on eight early passage Syrian hamster embryo
      cell lines independently derived following asbestos exposure. The modal
      chromosome number of all the immortal cell lines was near-diploid. At the
      earliest passage examined, six of eight cell lines had only numerical chromosome
      changes. Cells in each of these six cell lines had an extra chromosome #11,
      either as a sole karyotypic change or with other numerical changes. The remaining
      two cell lines displayed both numerical and structural chromosome changes, but
      without involvement of chromosome #11. Common abnormalities were -X or -Y, +3,
      and 8p- in one cell line, and -13 and t(13;21) in the other cell line. A
      nonrandom gain of chromosome #8 was also found in four cell lines. In three of
      the four cell lines, trisomy of chromosome #8 seems to have occurred during
      karyotypic progression. The observation that nonrandom changes in chromosome
      number are an early karyotypic change after carcinogen treatment supports our
      hypothesis that induction of aneuploidy by asbestos is mechanistically important
      in the transformation of Syrian hamster embryo cells in culture and, further,
      suggests that trisomy 11 plays a major role in the early steps of immortalization
      and neoplastic progression.

PMID- 3708555
TI  - Detection of clonal karyotypic abnormalities in most patients with acute
      nonlymphocytic leukemia examined using short-term culture techniques.
AB  - Cytogenetic studies using short-term culture methods, both with and without
      methotrexate synchronization, were performed on 53 consecutive patients with
      acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Among 50 patients with adequate specimens, 42
      (84%) showed a clonal karyotypic abnormality. Numerical changes were observed in
      22 cases. Chromosome #8 was most frequently gained (eight cases), whereas
      chromosome #7 was most frequently lost (five cases). Structural rearrangements
      were detected in 35 cases. A 5q- was seen in three cases, 6q- in two, 7q- in
      four, standard or variant t(8;21) in four, 11p- in two, t(11q23;-) in two,
      t(15;17) in four, inv(16) in two, and inv(20) in two. In five patients small
      abnormal clones were observed, which represented less than 10% of the total cells
      analyzed. In five other patients the sole abnormality detected was a tiny
      structural rearrangement. There was no significant difference in remission rate
      or in survival among groups of patients without clonal abnormality, with a
      mixture of normal and abnormal karyotypes or with only abnormal cells. Patients
      who showed complex karyotypes (four or more chromosomal alterations) had a very
      poor prognosis. In contrast, patients with t(8;21) tended to have a favorable
      survival outlook. A normal karyotype was associated with an intermediate
      prognosis.

PMID- 3708556
TI  - A possible case of chronic leukoerythroblastosis associated with
      t(12;14)(p13;q22) in bone marrow cells.
AB  - The case is presented of a 64-year-old man who has had recurrent psychiatric
      symptoms over several years, and now has minor evidence of a myeloproliferative
      disorder. He had a buccal carcinoma successfully treated 33 years previously,
      thus, the possibility of bone marrow infiltration has been excluded. An acquired
      translocation that was found in his bone marrow cells has not been previously
      reported in association with any neoplasm. The possible significance of the
      translocation to this patient is discussed.

PMID- 3708558
TI  - Fourth annual ECP (European Organization for Cooperation in Cancer Prevention
      Studies) symposium. Concepts and theories in carcinogenesis. Brugge, Belgium,
      June 11-13, 1986. Abstracts.

PMID- 3708557
TI  - Studies on sister chromatid exchanges in patients with Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - Sister chromatid exchange frequencies were analyzed in bone marrow cells and in
      stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes from 20 patients with Hodgkin's disease.
      Sister chromatid exchange studies were also carried out in the bone marrow of
      eight and peripheral blood of 11 normal subjects separately. Among the patients,
      ten were newly diagnosed and ten patients were survivors who had received therapy
      30-64 months prior to studies. The mean sister chromatid exchange frequencies in
      bone marrow and peripheral blood of untreated patients were 3.93 +/- 0.7/cell and
      4.09 +/- 0.91/cell, respectively, which were not significantly different from
      those of normal subjects (3.22 +/- 0.7/cell and 5.16 +/- 1.3/cell in bone marrow
      and peripheral blood, respectively). The mean sister chromatid exchange
      frequencies in bone marrow and peripheral blood in five of the untreated patients
      3-4 months after initial therapy and in a treated (30-64 months after therapy)
      group were close to the sister chromatid exchange values of the untreated group.
      Analysis of the distribution of exchanges per chromosome or chromosome groups
      showed a nonrandom distribution of exchanges in chromosomes #1, #2, and #3, and
      in E-, F-, and G-group chromosomes in the normal controls and in Hodgkin's
      disease patients.

PMID- 3708559
TI  - Increased experimental metastatic capacity of a murine melanoma following
      induction of differentiation.
AB  - Because of the interest in possible links between defective differentiation and
      cellular malignancy, the effects were examined of induced cell differentiation
      upon the experimental metastatic potential of the sublines F1 and F10 of the B16
      mouse melanoma. These cell lines normally have low and high rates, respectively,
      of colonization of the lungs of mice after i.v. injection. Cellular
      differentiation was assessed by pigmentation and tyrosinase activity. In both
      cell lines, low and high levels of differentiation could reproducibly be
      generated by culture, respectively, at a low extracellular pH and at a higher pH
      in the presence of a melanocyte-stimulating hormone. Surprisingly, in both lines
      the cells grown under conditions promoting differentiation showed a markedly
      higher rate of experimental metastasis, despite their slower proliferation in
      culture and in subcutaneous tumor implants, than the poorly differentiated cells.
      Radiolabeled well- and poorly pigmented cells were not initially deposited at
      significantly different rates in the lungs of mice after i.v. injection. However,
      subsequent retention in the lungs fell more quickly for the poorly differentiated
      cells. As indicated by tests in vitro, this difference appears not to be due to
      differential cytotoxicity by either host macrophages or natural killer cells, and
      it is under further study.

PMID- 3708560
TI  - Fatty acid composition transport and metabolism in doxorubicin-sensitive and
      resistant rat glioblastoma cells.
AB  - We have studied the lipid composition and the acyl group composition, transport,
      and metabolism of doxorubicin-sensitive and -resistant rat glioblastoma cells in
      monolayer cultures (C6 clone). No difference in lipid composition was evidenced;
      the acyl group composition was, in contrast, highly modified in resistant cells,
      and these modifications appeared progressively during the acquisition of the
      resistance. Resistant cells were characterized by a decrease of n-9
      eicosatrienoic acid and by a 2-3-fold increase of the proportions of the
      polyunsaturated fatty acids of the n-6 and n-3 families, especially arachidonic
      acid and n-3 docosahexaenoic acid. These differences were probably due to a 2
      fold increase of the uptake of fatty acids by resistant cells as compared to
      sensitive cells, this increase allowing the suppression of an essential fatty
      acid deficiency. Only small changes in the transformations of 16 and 18-carbon
      atoms' fatty acids to higher analogues were evidenced. A small reduction of the
      desaturation of stearic acid to oleic acid and of linoleic acid to arachidonic
      acid was the main characteristic of resistant cells; these differences can be
      explained as a consequence of the suppression of the essential fatty acid
      deficiency.

PMID- 3708561
TI  - Influence of tamoxifen and estradiol on the growth of human breast cancer cells
      in vitro.
AB  - Cells obtained from freshly resected human breast cancer were grown in vitro
      utilizing the soft agar technique. The effects of adding an antiestrogen
      (tamoxifen, TAM) and 17 beta-estradiol alone or simultaneously on cell growth
      were assessed. The addition of TAM (10(-6) M) to the medium resulted in a
      significant decrease in cell growth in 26 of 36 (72%) estrogen receptor (ER)
      positive tumors and in one of 5 ER-negative tumors (20%). The degree of
      inhibition caused by TAM was significantly higher in the ER-positive tumors that
      also contain the progesterone receptor (PgR) as compared to those that lacked
      that receptor (i.e., PgR negative) (46.2 +/- 2% versus 36.2 +/- 1.2% inhibition,
      P less than 0.01). The simultaneous addition of 17 beta-estradiol (10(-8) M)
      neutralized the inhibitory effect of TAM (10(-6) M) in the majority of tumors.
      With the presence of serum in the medium, the addition of 17 beta-estradiol alone
      resulted in an enhancement of cell growth in 6 of 17 tumors. However, because of
      the confounding effects of serum in the medium, we studied the individual effect
      of 17 beta-estradiol (10(-8) M) when added alone under serum-free conditions. Of
      20 tumors studied, 17 beta-estradiol significantly enhanced cell growth in 12.
      There was a 67.8 +/- 12.6% increase in the number of colonies formed in these 12
      responding tumors. One of these 12 responding tumors was ER negative as well as
      PgR negative, while the rest were all ER positive. These in vitro studies
      demonstrate that this approach can provide valuable information on endocrine
      mechanisms controlling the growth of human breast cancer.

PMID- 3708562
TI  - Fibroblast-dependent tumorigenicity of cells in nude mice: implication for
      implantation of metastases.
AB  - The inadequate nature of the microenvironment is one of several factors
      considered in the failure of tumor engraftment in athymic mice; in the present
      work, we have tried to more adequately reconstitute it by injecting tumor cells
      together with fibroblasts. We have demonstrated that the s.c. co-inoculation of
      fibroblasts with different kinds of tumor cells of animal origin [rat
      rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) 9-4/0, rat hepato-carcinoma FAO] or human origin (colonic
      adenocarcinoma HT29, Ewing's sarcoma pleural metastasis EW-S1) is necessary for
      tumor take and growth when the number of tumor cells alone is below the
      tumorigenic dose. We have shown that the s.c. coinoculation of 10(6) fibroblasts
      and 10(2) RMS 9-4/0 tumor cells induced a tumor take in all the recipient mice,
      while 10(2) tumor cells alone never gave any tumor. With a tumorigenic number of
      RMS 9-4/0 tumor cells (10(4), addition of 10(6) fibroblasts decreased the delay
      between cell injection and tumor appearance, thereby increasing tumor take and
      growth rate. These results were observed not only in nude animals (mice and rats)
      used as recipient animals but also in normal WAG rats receiving the syngeneic RMS
      9-4/0 tumor cells, and they were independent of the nature or origin of the
      different fibroblasts cells. This helper effect has also been observed in the
      normal WAG rats. I.v. injection of tumor cells from a poorly metastatic 9-4/8
      subline, derived from the RMS 9-4/0 line and mixed with 10(6) fibroblasts, gave a
      high number of lung colonies. Addition of 10(6) irradiated 9-4/8 tumor cells
      instead of fibroblasts did not increase the lung colonizing potential. Fibroblast
      conditioned medium mixed with tumor cells instead of fibroblasts also enhanced
      tumor take and size but to a lesser extent than did the fibroblasts themselves.
      Only endothelial cells cultured from porcine aorta had a similar helper effect
      among the cells tested. It is argued in the discussion that the proliferating
      state of cultivated fibroblasts is a determinant factor conferring upon them the
      ability to promote tumor cell growth, while fibroblasts very numerous at the
      implantation site but quiescent might not be efficient in cooperation. Changes in
      fibroblast morphology and physiology may be necessary in order for tumor cells to
      express their tumorigenicity.

PMID- 3708563
TI  - Effect of dexamethasone on vascular function in RIF-1 tumors.
AB  - The present series of experiments was conducted to determine the effect of
      dexamethasone on vascular function and cell proliferation in s.c. RIF-1 tumors.
      125I-BSA, 51Cr-EDTA dilution techniques were used to evaluate dexamethasone
      induced changes in tumor plasma water, capillary permeability, and extracellular
      water volumes, while 59Fe and 51Cr labeled erythrocyte techniques were used to
      assess changes in tumor exchangeable erythrocyte volumes. 86RbCl distribution
      studies were also conducted to evaluate vascular perfusion in RIF-1 tumors after
      dexamethasone treatment. In this corticosteroid receptor containing tumor model,
      dexamethasone had profound effects on all of the measured parameters of vascular
      function. Reduced tumor cell proliferation after dexamethasone treatments was
      accompanied by reduced capillary permeability, reduced interstitial water
      volumes, increased plasma volumes, and reduced vascular perfusion. Serial studies
      after dexamethasone treatments indicated that increases in vascular perfusion
      preceded proliferative recovery. Intervals of maximal [3H]thymidine labeling
      after dexamethasone were characterized by transient increases in capillary
      permeability, interstitial water volumes, and tumor erythrocyte exchange with the
      general circulation. At intervals of maximal cell proliferation (36-48 h after
      dex) 86RbCl distribution in tumors was about 3 times that seen in untreated
      controls. The results seem to indicate that, as in edematous normal tissues,
      dexamethasone can have profound effects on vascular function and water
      compartmentalization in RIF-1 tumors.

PMID- 3708564
TI  - Suppression of choline-deficient diet-induced hepatocyte membrane lipid
      peroxidation in rats by the peroxisome proliferators 4-chloro-6-(2,3-xylidino)-2
      pyrimidinylthio(N-beta-hydroxyethyl)- acetamide and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate.
AB  - Many hypolipidemic peroxisome proliferators have been shown to induce liver
      tumors in rats after long-term feeding. In short-term assays, however, some of
      them prevent the development of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-positive foci, the
      putative preneoplastic lesions, in the liver of carcinogen-initiated rats and
      inhibit the promoting effect of a choline-deficient (CD) diet on these lesions.
      The CD diet-induced lipid peroxidation in the liver has been implicated as one of
      the underlying mechanisms of the promoting effect. In the present study, the
      effects of 4-chloro-6-(2,3-xylidino)-2-pyrimidinylthio(N-beta
      hydroxyethyl)acetamid e (BR931) and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) on CD diet
      induced liver membrane lipid peroxidation were investigated by determining the
      extents of conjugated diene formation. No evidence of lipid peroxidation was
      detected in the microsomal lipids of the liver after administration of BR931 or
      DEHP at concentrations of 0.16% and 1%, respectively, for 1, 2, and 4 wk. When
      added to a CD diet, both BR931 and DEHP effectively protected against the diet
      induced lipid peroxidation. There was an increase in cellular glutathione levels
      after 4 wk and an increase in catalase activity after 2 wk in the liver of rats
      fed BR931 or DEHP. The levels of activity of the glutathione peroxidases and
      glutathione-s-transferase were significantly reduced. The results suggest that,
      in the acute stage, hypolipidemic peroxisome proliferator-induced effects of
      excess production of H2O2 and potential lipid peroxidation are balanced by
      stimulation of some cellular detoxifying systems. The inhibition of lipid
      peroxidation by hypolipidemic peroxisome proliferators may account for their
      inhibitory effects on the CD diet-induced promotion of preneoplastic foci.

PMID- 3708565
TI  - Effect of 3-methylcholanthrene on atherosclerosis in two congenic strains of mice
      with different susceptibilities to methylcholanthrene-induced tumors.
AB  - Inbred mouse strains AKXL-38 and AKXL-38a are congenic strains that differ at the
      Ah locus, a gene which affects the inducibility of the cytochrome P-450 enzymes.
      The Ah-responsive strain, AKXL-38a, is more susceptible to 3-methylcholanthrene
      induced tumors than the Ah-nonresponsive strain, AKXL-38. We previously reported
      that 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) increased the number and the size of
      atherosclerotic lesions in a dose-dependent fashion. We now demonstrate that the
      effect of MC is greater in Ah-responsive mice than in Ah-nonresponsive mice
      indicating that Ah-responsive mice not only are more susceptible to MC-induced
      cancer but also are more susceptible to MC-enhanced atherosclerosis. Mice that
      received atherogenic diet for 14 weeks but no MC had 1.3-1.4 lesions/mouse
      regardless of genetic type. When mice were treated with MC, the number of lesions
      increased to 2.1 +/- 0.1 (SE) in Ah-nonresponsive mice, 2.6 +/- 0.2 in Ah
      responsive mice, and 2.3 +/- 0.2 in the F1 hybrid. The total area involved in
      lesions was 9.3-12.6 micron2 in untreated animals. When mice were treated with
      MC, the total lesion area increased to 23.5 +/- 5.2 micron2 in Ah-nonresponsive
      mice, to 43.9 +/- 6.6 micron2 in Ah-responsive mice, and to 36.2 +/- 4.8 micron2
      in F1 hybrids. Thus MC increased the lesion area in both strains of mice, but the
      increase was significantly greater in Ah-responsive than in Ah-nonresponsive
      animals. High density lipoprotein levels were not significantly affected by MC
      treatment or Ah genotype. In order to determine whether the increased
      susceptibility to MC-induced atherosclerosis segregated with the Ah gene, AKXL-38
      and AKXL-38a mice were mated and the F1 progeny were backcrossed to the Ah
      nonresponsive parent. Backcross progeny were tested for Ah genotype by
      zoxazolamine sleeping time. Measurements of lesions showed that increased
      susceptibility to MC-enhanced atherosclerosis segregated with the Ah locus.

PMID- 3708566
TI  - Antitumor activity and biochemical effects of cyclopentenyl cytosine in mice.
AB  - Cyclopentenyl cytosine, a recently synthesized inhibitor of cytidine 5'
      triphosphate synthesis, has marked antitumor activity. Treatment with 1 mg/kg
      i.p. on days 1-9 following inoculation with tumor produced 111-122% increased
      median life span in mice bearing L1210 leukemia, 73-129% increased median life
      span in mice bearing P388 leukemia, and 58-62% increased median life span in mice
      with B16 melanoma. A subline of L1210 selected for resistance to 1-beta-D
      arabinofuranosylcytosine was more sensitive to cyclopentenyl cytosine than the
      parent tumor line. L1210 cell growth in cultures was greatly inhibited (greater
      than 90%) by 0.1 microM cyclopentenyl cytosine, but cells were protected from the
      growth inhibitory effects by cytidine (20 microM) and to a lesser extent by
      uridine or deoxycytidine. Exposure of cultured L1210 cells to 1 microM
      cyclopentenyl cytosine inhibited formation of [3H]cytidine nucleotides from
      [3H]uridine by 30% during the first 15 min of exposure to drug and by greater
      than 95% after 2 h of exposure. Treatment of mice bearing L1210 ascites with
      cyclopentenyl cytosine (1 mg/kg) produced rapid depletion of cytidine nucleotide
      pools in the tumor cells; these pools fell to 35% of control within 30 min. The
      effects of cyclopentenyl cytosine on nucleotide pools were tissue selective; the
      cytidine nucleotide pools of spleen, liver, kidney, and intestine were less
      sensitive than that of the L1210 ascites tumor. Cytidine nucleotide pools of
      spleen and liver were depleted by higher doses (10 mg/kg) of cyclopentenyl
      cytosine.

PMID- 3708567
TI  - Effects of chronic daily exposure to tobacco smoke on the high leukemic AKR
      strain of mice.
AB  - Daily exposure of the high leukemic AKR strain of mice to low levels of fresh
      tobacco smoke (TS) produces significantly different mortality profiles associated
      with both the sex of the animals and the age at which TS exposure commences.
      Females tend to be susceptible and die sooner than males, where a significant
      proportion of animals survives longer than age-matched controls. This
      prolongation of life appears to be due to a failure of the leukemic state to be
      mobilized in the TS-exposed males. Exposure of both the females and the males to
      the TS does not induce significant detectable immunological reactivity against
      the leukemic cells for several parameters tested, possibly due to a significant
      enhancement of suppressor activity in the serum of the chronically exposed
      animals over and above that which also occurs in age-matched control animals.

PMID- 3708568
TI  - Mouse peritoneal lymphocytes, a new target for analyzing induction of sister
      chromatid exchanges on in vivo exposure to a genotoxic agent.
AB  - The availability of use of mouse peritoneal lymphocytes as target cells for
      analyzing sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) upon exposure to a genotoxic drug,
      cyclophosphamide, was investigated using female ICR mice. Use of these cells
      overcame the difficulty in use of mouse lymphocyte cultures, recovering
      sufficient metaphase cells. The greatest advantage of use of peritoneal
      lymphocytes was that about 1-2 X 10(6) lymphocytes/mouse could easily be
      recovered from the peritoneal cavity in high purity. Their mitogenic responses
      were good when Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, in combination with 2
      mercaptoethanol, was used as mitogens, but they were less when purified
      phytohemagglutinin was used. In the presence of lipopolysaccharide (60
      micrograms/ml) and 2-mercaptoethanol (22-88 microM), the maximum incidence of
      second division metaphases (greater than 50%) and the highest mitotic index
      (greater than 4%) were observed 36-40 h after stimulation. Under these
      conditions, the base-line SCE showed the constant level. The range of intrastrain
      variations in the base-line SCE was 0.24-0.36/chromosome. The distribution
      histograms of SCE/chromosome did not fit a single Poisson model, suggesting that
      these cells are heterogeneous with respect to the base-line SCE. Single s.c.
      injections 1 h before harvest of doses of 0.75-3.0 mg of cyclophosphamide per kg
      evoked positive responses, and injections of over 0.375 mg/kg had linear dose
      dependent effects. On harvest of cells for up to 192 h after the injection, the
      maximal induction of SCE attained 1 h after exposure was found to return time
      dependently to the control level at 192 h. After the initial rapid reduction in
      the cell number, cellular recovery, measured as the mitotic index and the number
      of peritoneal exudate cells recovered, returned to the control level within 48 h,
      without a significant increase thereafter. After maintaining cells under the
      liquid-holding experiment for various times in vitro following a single exposure
      to cyclophosphamide for 1 h in vivo, the reduction of their SCE and recovery of
      their mitotic index were more rapid than those of cells in the time-course
      experiment. These findings suggest that the association of the recruitment of
      less- and/or nondamaged cells from their precursors with reduction of the SCE is
      slight. Repair(s) and, to a lesser extent, selective loss of more damaged cells
      may be the main factors contributing to the early reduction response of the SCE
      frequency. The relations of these factors are discussed.

PMID- 3708569
TI  - Prevention of 1-(3-deoxycytidyl),2-(1-deoxyguanosinyl)ethane cross-link formation
      in DNA by rat liver O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that the haloethylnitrosoureas introduce the cross
      link 1-(3-deoxycytidyl),2-(1-deoxyguanosinyl)ethane into DNA. This structure is
      evidently formed by the following sequence of events: an initial attack of a
      haloethyl group on the O6 position of guanine, formation of the reactive
      intermediate, 1,O6-ethanoguanine, and reaction of this intermediate with
      deoxycytidine in the opposite DNA strand. To investigate the role of O6
      alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase in preventing the formation of this cross-link,
      a DNA substrate containing O6-fluoroethylguanine has been prepared by reacting
      DNA with N-2-fluoroethyl-N'-cyclohexyl-N-nitrosourea. The O6-fluoroethylguanine
      content of this substrate decreases when it is incubated at 37 degrees C and pH
      7.8 in the absence of repair factors because of the chemical instability of O6
      fluoroethylguanine; however, this loss is accelerated by the addition of rat
      liver O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase, indicating that this repair factor
      recognizes and repairs O6-fluoroethylguanine in DNA; furthermore, by using
      [chloroethyl-14C]N-chloroethyl-N'-cyclohexyl-N-nitrosourea, it can be shown
      directly that the addition of rat liver O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase
      prevents 1-(3-deoxycytidyl),2-(1-deoxyguanosinyl)ethane formation. These studies
      link the presence of repair activity to the prevention of a specific cytotoxic
      lesion in DNA.

PMID- 3708570
TI  - Effect of dietary fish oil on azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in male
      F344 rats.
AB  - The effect of dietary intake of different levels of Menhaden fish oil on
      azoxymethane-induced carcinogenesis was examined in male F344 rats fed the
      semipurified diets. Starting at 5 weeks of age, groups of animals were fed the 5%
      corn oil (low corn oil) diet. At 7 weeks of age, all animals except the vehicle
      treated controls were given s.c. injections of azoxymethane (15 mg/kg body
      weight/week for 2 weeks). After 4 days, groups of animals were fed the diets
      containing 4% Menhaden oil + 1% corn oil (low fish oil), 22.5% Menhaden oil + 1%
      corn oil (high fish oil), 5% corn oil, and 23.5% corn oil (high corn oil). Thirty
      four weeks after azoxymethane injections, all animals were necropsied. High fish
      oil diet had no tumor promoting effect in the large intestine when compared to
      the high corn oil diet. There was no difference in large intestinal tumor
      incidence among the other dietary groups. The results of this study indicate that
      fish oils rich in highly polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids do not enhance large
      bowel carcinogenesis and that the fatty acid composition of the dietary fat is
      one of the determining factors in large bowel carcinogenesis.

PMID- 3708571
TI  - Estrogen receptor in very small breast tumor specimens: a modified charcoal
      gelatin assay.
AB  - We described recently a modified charcoal-gelatin (MCG) assay for measuring
      progesterone receptor activity in low-protein cytosols. We showed that pre-mixing
      of gelatin with sample cytosols (final gelatin concentration 0.1%) and removal of
      unbound steroid by a 1% charcoal suspension with 0.1% gelatin but without dextran
      preserves the progesterone receptor activity in dilute cytosol. For estrogen
      receptor (ER), as for progesterone receptor, the efficiency of the standard
      dextran-coated charcoal (DCC) assay drops rapidly as samples are diluted much
      below 1 mg protein per ml. We have therefore applied the MCG procedure to the
      assay of ER in breast tumor cytosols. We find that MCG is far more efficient for
      ER at low protein concentrations than either the DCC method or three other
      methods recommended previously for dilute samples, retaining at least 60%
      efficiency even at 0.01 mg protein per ml. The measured Kd of the receptor for
      estradiol is the same by MCG as by DCC. A series of human breast tumor biopsies
      assayed by MCG at 0.1 mg protein per ml gave about the same ER values (fmol/mg)
      as at 1 mg/ml, while the DCC efficiency for ER at the lower concentration
      averaged only 32%. In combination with 125I-labeled estradiol, this MCG method
      should allow accurate ER assays of extremely small breast cancer specimens.

PMID- 3708572
TI  - Adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy of cancer: influence of tumor burden and role of
      functional immune effector cells in mice.
AB  - Starting from the observation that success of combined treatment of MBL-2 tumor
      bearing mice with the alkylating agent cyclophosphamide (CY; 150 mg/kg) and the
      immunomodulator maleic anhydride divinyl either copolymer (MVE-2; 25 mg/kg) was
      dependent upon a 1-3-day interval between treatment with CY and MVE-2, we have
      further analyzed in vitro and in vivo the relationship between tumor burden and
      the activity of immune effector cells in an adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy setting
      with CY and MVE-2. Treatment of MBL-2 tumor-bearing mice with CY (50-200 mg/kg)
      caused a dose- and time-dependent decrease in the i.p. tumor burden, which
      correlated with a significant increase in their median survival time. CY
      increased also the sensitivity of the residual MBL-2 tumor cells to Mo-mediated
      immunotherapy. The therapeutic efficacy of Mo-mediated immunotherapy with MVE-2,
      however, was restricted due to adverse effects of CY on the host's immune and
      hematopoietic functions. The time sequence with which these CY related positive
      effects on tumor burden and s(Tu)I, as well as the adverse effects on macrophages
      and hematopoietic functions occurred, gives sufficient explanation for the narrow
      window in time for successful immunotherapy with MVE-2 after preceding
      chemotherapy with CY. We therefore propose to modify the conventional
      chemoimmunotherapy of MBL-2 tumor-bearing mice by combining it with an
      intermittent in vivo transfer of in vitro cultivated Mo (therapy sequence: CY---
      Mo transfer----MVE-2), which would result in an increased Mo:MBL-2 tumor cell
      ratio at the site of the tumor while reducing the adverse effects of CY on
      macrophage functions.

PMID- 3708573
TI  - Therapeutic synergism of tiazofurin and selected antitumor drugs against
      sensitive and resistant P388 leukemia in mice.
AB  - Tiazofurin is a synthetic "C" nucleoside analogue with a promising spectrum of
      experimental antitumor activity and a relatively novel mechanism of action.
      Previous work in our laboratories had revealed indications of collateral
      sensitivity and therapeutic synergism for selected murine tumor models treated
      with tiazofurin alone or in combination with an antimetabolite or an alkylating
      agent. Elucidation by others of biochemical indicators of tiazofurin activity
      provided the rationale for extending our studies to include the tiazofurin
      combinations reported here. Young, adult, female, BALB/c X DBA/2 F1 mice bearing
      body burdens of about 4 X 10(7) cells at the start of treatment were used. Cells
      were implanted either i.p. or s.c. Tiazofurin plus cisplatin or the 5'-palmitate
      of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) was evaluated against the parent
      P388/O leukemia line. Tiazofurin plus 6-thioguanine was evaluated against the ara
      C-resistant P388. All drug treatments were i.p. injections given daily for 9
      days. The experimental design permitted comparison of optimal nontoxic single
      agent and two-drug combination regimens on the basis of the estimated log10
      change in tumor cell burden at the end of treatment. Concurrent untreated control
      mice bearing tumor burdens ranging from approximately one to 10(7) cells
      permitted estimates of cells surviving treatment. Optimal treatment with each of
      these combinations afforded tumor burden reductions that were greater by 1 to 7
      orders of magnitude than the effects of the respective single agents. Optimal
      single-agent and combination dosages (mg per kg per dose) were as follows:
      tiazofurin, 500; cisplatin, 2.0; the 5'-palmitate of ara-C, 25; 6-thioguanine,
      0.8; tiazofurin, 330 plus cisplatin, 0.58; tiazofurin, 220 plus the 5'-palmitate
      of ara-C, 20; tiazofurin, 100 plus 6-thioguanine, 0.8. The observed therapeutic
      synergism of these drugs with tiazofurin in animal models suggests the
      possibility that treatment with tiazofurin combinations may yield clinical
      results superior to those obtained with the single agents alone. Therapeutic
      synergism can be most readily maximized when biochemical markers of drug action
      are available to provide appropriate clinical-laboratory correlations. Extension
      of these approaches to the use of tiazofurin, for which biochemical markers and
      experimental combination chemotherapy leads are now available, would support the
      rational clinical development of tiazofurin combinations.

PMID- 3708574
TI  - Variables affecting the killing of cultured human neuroblastoma cells with
      monoclonal antibody and complement.
AB  - To determine incubation conditions that result in optimal in vitro killing of
      human tumor cells with monoclonal antibody and complement, variables affecting
      the killing of cultured human neuroblastoma cells with monoclonal antibody 6-19
      and baby rabbit complement were studied. Neuroblastoma target cells were stained
      with the fluorescent dye Hoechst 33342, which enables rapid, sensitive detection
      of surviving cells in conjunction with trypan blue exclusion. Maximal cell lysis
      was obtained at an antibody concentration of 5-10 micrograms/ml. Greater than 5
      logs of cell kill were obtained with appropriate treatment conditions. No
      antigenic modulation was detected. Complement activity was found to be the factor
      which limited the extent of cell kill. Specific cell lysis increased with
      increasing concentration of complement. As the reaction with antibody coated
      cells proceeded, complement activity was depleted. This resulted in the greatest
      cell kill occurring during the first 10-20 min of treatment. Generation of
      factor(s) inhibitory to complement activity was also found. However, the effect
      of inhibition on limiting the extent of cell kill was much less significant than
      the effect of complement depletion. When compared to a single incubation of the
      same total duration, the reduction in complement activity with duration of
      incubation resulted in greater killing by multiple brief incubations with fresh
      complement. The depletion of complement was found to increase at a greater cell
      concentration. This resulted in greater proportional survival as neuroblastoma
      cell concentration increased. Depletion of complement activity by aggregated
      monoclonal antibody was found to decrease cytotoxicity. This evaluation may
      provide a framework for optimization of target cell destruction using complement
      and other monoclonal antibodies and target cells.

PMID- 3708575
TI  - Prevention of anthracycline-induced cytotoxicity in hemopoietic cells by hemin.
AB  - Anthracyclines such as Adriamycin (ADR) and daunomycin markedly inhibit cell
      growth in vivo and in vitro. These studies demonstrate that 30 microM hemin,
      which induces hemoglobin synthesis in human and murine erythroleukemia cells in
      culture, markedly decreases the cytotoxicity of ADR in a variety of hemopoietic
      cell lines (K562, HEL-1, MEL-745, HL-60, and U937) and in erythroid burst-forming
      cells from normal human marrow. Hemin failed to protect four of the five
      nonhemopoietic cell lines tested, including MCF-, breast adenocarcinoma cells, C
      205 colon carcinoma cells, mouse 3T3 fibroblasts, and mouse kidney VERO cells.
      Hemin did protect human neuroblastoma IMP-32 cells from ADR cytotoxicity;
      however, this nonhemopoietic cell line undergoes dendrite formation in response
      to hemin induction. Cytofluorographic analysis of cellular ADR content and
      labeling studies with [3H]daunomycin demonstrated that hemin decreases the
      intracellular accumulation of these anthracyclines by more than 50% in K562
      erythroleukemia cells. These studies indicate that small doses of hemin prevent
      intracellular accumulation of anthracyclines and thereby markedly reduce
      anthracycline toxicity to cells. Since this protective effect is observed
      preferentially with hemopoietic cells, it is possible that this finding could be
      exploited to protect the bone marrow from the cytotoxic action of anthracyclines
      during therapy for nonhemopoietic tumors.

PMID- 3708576
TI  - Properties of amino acid transport systems in K562 cells sensitive and resistant
      to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II).
AB  - When K562 cells were made resistant to cisplatin their neutral amino acid
      transport systems changed. K562 cells cloned in cisplatin developed a 6.7-fold
      resistance to the drug. The generation times for K562 cells sensitive (S) and
      resistant (DDP) to cisplatin were similar. The initial uptake and rapid efflux of
      cisplatin were similar in both cell lines. However, they differed in their sodium
      dependent neutral amino acid transport properties. In K562S cells the sodium
      dependent uptake for methylaminoisobutyric acid was significantly inhibited by
      threonine (Ki = 10.3 mM), but in K562DDP the uptake of neutral amino acids was
      significantly lower, and methylaminoisobutyric acid uptake was minimally
      inhibited by threonine. When K562DDP cells were grown in the absence of cisplatin
      for 8 weeks, their amino acid transport properties reverted to those of K562S
      cells. In K562 cells, changes in plasma membrane essential amino acid transport
      systems were concomitant to both the development of resistance and the
      redevelopment of sensitivity to cisplatin. Therefore, human malignant cell
      sensitivity and resistance to cisplatin may be related to membrane nutrient
      transport systems.

PMID- 3708577
TI  - Hydroperoxide-stimulated release of calcium from rat liver and AS-30D hepatoma
      mitochondria.
AB  - The presence of 50 microM t-butyl hydroperoxide induces the oxidation of
      intramitochondrial pyridine nucleotides and release of accumulated Ca2+ from rat
      liver but not AS-30D hepatoma mitochondria in the presence of succinate (plus
      rotenone) as a respiratory substrate. The effects of t-butyl hydroperoxide are
      mediated by the activities of glutathione peroxidase and reductase, which are
      less than 20 and 50% as active, respectively, in hepatoma than in normal liver
      mitochondria. However, the differences in the activities of these enzymes are not
      responsible for the insensitivity of succinate-energized tumor mitochondria to t
      butyl hydroperoxide, since Ca2+ release and pyridine nucleotide oxidation can be
      elicited when ascorbate plus tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine are used as
      alternative respiratory electron donors. In the presence of succinate alone, rat
      liver mitochondria generate malate exclusively, whereas AS-30D hepatoma
      mitochondria produce pyruvate and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
      phosphate as well as malate due to the activity of a nicotinamide adenine
      dinucleotide phosphate-dependent malic enzyme which is not present in normal rat
      liver mitochondria. These results indicate that the maintenance of pyridine
      nucleotides in their reduced form by malic enzyme is responsible for the lack of
      t-butyl hydroperoxide-induced Ca2+ efflux by tumor mitochondria respiring on
      succinate. This altered pattern of mitochondrial metabolism may also influence
      the regulation of other reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
      sensitive activities in addition to that of Ca2+ transport.

PMID- 3708578
TI  - Relationship of erythrocyte polyamine levels and growth rate of transplantable
      tumors in rats.
AB  - Varying levels of polyamines in the urine, plasma, and erythrocytes (RBC) of
      cancer patients have been demonstrated. The growth rate of the tumor has been
      suggested as a primary factor which determines whether the polyamine levels in
      urine are elevated. To further evaluate tumor size and growth rate as variables
      affecting polyamine levels in physiological fluids, the effect of a
      transplantable fibrosarcoma and colon tumor on the RBC polyamine levels of
      Fischer 344 rats was determined. The tumors were implanted s.c. and grew without
      metastasis or spontaneous regression. The fibrosarcoma grew exponentially up to a
      weight of approximately 69 +/- 15 (SD) g and was associated with a linear
      increase in RBC polyamine levels compared with that of non-tumor-bearing rats.
      RBC putrescine, spermidine, and spermine levels were significantly elevated at
      tumor weights of 12.5 +/- 1.4, 20.4 +/- 3.8, and 33.2 +/- 5.0 g, respectively.
      The respective polyamines increased consistently thereafter until the tumor
      weight was 57.8 +/- 5.8 g. In contrast with the fibrosarcoma, the colon tumor
      grew exponentially only to a weight of 9.2 +/- 4.7 g, at which time the growth
      rate of the tumor began to decrease (time T of the Gompertz model). RBC polyamine
      levels of rats with the colon tumor showed only a transient increase. RBC
      putrescine levels were significantly increased at a tumor weight of 12.9 +/- 1.2
      g and spermidine at a tumor weight of 17.4 +/- 0.2 g. RBC spermine levels were
      significantly elevated at both tumor weights; thereafter, all RBC polyamine
      levels returned to normal. Host cachexia was evident when the fibrosarcoma and
      colon tumors weighed 12.5 +/- 0.9 and 7.2 +/- 2.6 g, respectively. The polyamine
      levels of the fibrosarcoma differed significantly from that of the colon tumor.
      These levels, however, did not correlate with the exponential growth rates. The
      results suggest that the tumor is the major source of elevated RBC polyamines.
      The data also suggest that the tumors must be rapidly growing for the elevation
      in polyamines to occur. This may partly explain why patients with extensive
      neoplastic disease that may have surpassed time T in the Gompertz model do not
      manifest abnormal polyamine levels.

PMID- 3708579
TI  - Stimulation of tumor growth in adult rats in vivo during an acute fast.
AB  - These experiments investigate an increase in tumor growth that occurs in adult
      rats in vivo during an acute fast. The effects of feeding, fasting, and
      underfeeding on the growth of Morris hepatomas 5123C and 7288CTC in Buffalo rats
      and of Walker carcinoma 256 and Jensen sarcoma in Sprague-Dawley rats were
      studied. Animals were matched for tumor size and growth during a period of ad
      libitum feeding preceding the fasting or underfeeding. Tumor growth was
      documented by increased size and incorporation of [methyl-3H]thymidine into tumor
      DNA. Fasting increased the rate of growth of the tumors 3 to 4 times over that
      measured in fed rats. This effect began during the first day of fasting and ended
      abruptly on refeeding. After refeeding tumor growth slowed to the rate in fed
      rats. Tumors from fed or fasted rats were not different in cellularity or dry
      weight/g wet weight. A positive growth response in the tumor required lipolysis
      and ketosis in the host. No stimulation was observed during an acute fast in
      either immature rats or in mature rats whose weights had been reduced by
      underfeeding. These animals have small fat stores and show no increase in
      arterial blood free fatty acid or ketone body concentrations during an acute
      fast. Finally, underfeeding of adult rats raised the blood concentrations of
      these nutrients to values that were intermediate between those in fasted and fed
      rats. Tumor growth rates in these rats were intermediate between those in fasted
      and fed rats. The results support the proposal that an increase in availability
      of free fatty acids and/or ketone bodies is the stimulus that increases the rate
      of tumor growth during an acute fast.

PMID- 3708580
TI  - Production of autoimmune gastric hyperplasia in mice by the transfer of spleen
      cells from thymectomized donors.
AB  - Previous work showed that mice that had been thymectomized at 3 days of age
      tended, in later life, to develop a hyperplastic autoimmune gastritis and were
      also hypersusceptible to sarcogenesis by low dosages of 3-methylcholanthrene. In
      the present work, it was found that the hyperplastic autoimmune gastritis could
      be transferred with great efficiency with spleen cells obtained from 3-mo-old
      donors that had been thymectomized at 3 days of age, but which had not, at the
      time of transfer, themselves developed overt disease. The recipients were 1-mo
      old syngeneic mice that had been made receptive by thymectomy during the first
      day of life, a procedure that does not, of itself, cause autoimmune disease. The
      high efficiency of the transfer suggests that, during the transfer process,
      effector cells may have been differentially favored as compared with the
      suppressor cells that, in normal animals, supposedly prevent autoimmunity. The
      practicality of the transfer technique should permit an investigation of the
      cellular basis of the autoimmunity and the associated increased susceptibility to
      low-dose hydrocarbon sarcogenesis.

PMID- 3708581
TI  - Tissue uridine pools: evidence in vivo of a concentrative mechanism for uridine
      uptake.
AB  - Pools of free uridine, ranging from 7.3 to 38.0 nmol/g wet weight, have been
      detected in a variety of freeze-clamped murine tissues. These concentrations
      average 10-fold greater than that detected in plasma. The kinetics of these pools
      after an i.v. tracer dose of [3H]uridine suggest that the initial rapid
      disappearance of [3H]uridine from plasma (t1/2 = 2 min) reflects distribution
      into tissues as well as catabolism by the liver. Subsequently, the tissue uridine
      pools turn over with half-lives of 13 to 18 h. Analyses of the activity of the
      proximal enzymes in uridine metabolism (uridine phosphorylase and uridine kinase)
      suggest that the phosphorylase correlates with the size of tissue uridine pools.
      Further evidence for this is seen in the sustained 5- to 15-fold increase in both
      tissue and plasma uridine concentrations after treatment with
      benzylacyclouridine, a potent uridine phosphorylase inhibitor. In contrast, a
      nonphysiological dose of exogenous uridine (250 mg/kg) briefly increases the
      plasma concentration of uridine to over 1 mM but it returns to below 10 microM
      within 1 h. Under these conditions as well, tissue concentrations of uridine
      increase 5- to 10-fold in most tissues, 20-fold in spleen, and 70-fold in kidney.
      High cellular concentrations of free uridine relative to medium are also observed
      in dispersed murine splenocytes. Furthermore, splenocytes incubated in 5 microM
      [3H]uridine achieved a 2-fold higher intracellular concentration of [3H]uridine
      in less than 1 min independent of phosphorylation. Thymidine was not concentrated
      in this system nor did nitrobenzylthioinosine inhibit [3H]uridine uptake. These
      findings suggest that in normal tissues and explanted cells, pools of uridine are
      sustained by a concentrative transport mechanism and constitute a previously
      unrecognized reservoir of pyrimidine nucleosides in tissues.

PMID- 3708582
TI  - Regulation of growth saturation and development of necrosis in EMT6/Ro
      multicellular spheroids by the glucose and oxygen supply.
AB  - To investigate the effects of glucose and oxygen on spheroid growth, EMT6/Ro
      mouse mammary carcinoma cell spheroids were cultured in suspension in either 0.28
      mM (20%) or 0.07 mM (5%) oxygen and 16.5, 5.5, 1.7, and 0.8 mM glucose. The
      spheroids initially grew at the same exponential rate in all culture conditions,
      with spheroid volume and cell number doubling times of 20-24 h. The growth rates
      slowed as the spheroids grew, and the maximum volume and cell number attained at
      growth saturation were proportional to the oxygen and glucose concentrations in
      the medium. There was a 500-fold difference in saturation sizes comparing
      spheroids cultured in the highest oxygen and glucose concentrations to those
      grown in the lowest. The thickness of the viable cell rims was also positively
      correlated with the oxygen and glucose concentrations in the medium. Comparison
      of the growth saturation and viable cell rim data showed an excellent correlation
      between the onset of central necrosis and the cessation of spheroid growth. A
      model is presented to explain the observed spheroid growth characteristics by
      proposing a competition between externally supplied growth and viability
      promoting factors and internally generated inhibitory factors produced by the
      process of necrosis. This model has critical implications for the use of
      spheroids as models of cellular growth in tumors.

PMID- 3708583
TI  - Proliferative and clonogenic heterogeneity of cells from EMT6/Ro multicellular
      spheroids induced by the glucose and oxygen supply.
AB  - The culture of EMT6/Ro multicellular tumor spheroids in a 20-fold range of
      glucose concentrations and a 4-fold range of oxygen tensions had profound effects
      on the cell subpopulations which developed in the spheroids. As the spheroids
      increased in diameter the rate of accumulation of cells with a G1-phase DNA
      content was much greater for those spheroids cultured in the lower oxygen and
      glucose concentrations. Growth fractions of 600- to 800-micron-diameter
      spheroids, calculated from either DNA content or [3H]thymidine labeling data,
      showed a direct correlation with the glucose concentrations in the culture
      medium. The cells from spheroids cultured in low glucose concentrations also
      showed a more rapid loss in clonogenicity as a function of increasing spheroid
      diameter. Lowering the oxygen tension enhanced these effects of reduced glucose
      concentrations. Selective dissociation of 600- to 800-micron-diameter spheroids
      demonstrated that both the proliferation index and the clonogenic capacity of the
      spheroid cells decreased with increasing depth into the spheroid cell rim. The
      rates of decrease of both of these parameters as a function of depth into the
      spheroid were greater for spheroids cultured in the lower oxygen and glucose
      concentrations. These results indicate that both the glucose and oxygen supply
      are critical in the development of nonproliferating and nonclonogenic cell
      subpopulations in spheroids.

PMID- 3708584
TI  - Requirement of long progression time for the expression of neoplastic phenotypes
      following direct perturbation to specific region(s) of DNA of Syrian hamster
      embryo cells.
AB  - We have studied the neoplastic transformation of early passage Syrian hamster
      embryo cells in culture, which were initiated by a specific perturbation of DNA
      replicated during different periods of S phase. The cells were treated with a "1
      h pulse" of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd), followed by a "5-min" irradiation with
      near ultraviolet (near UV) light. The treated cells were successively subcultured
      and tested for growth in soft agar and tumorigenicity in newborn hamsters.
      Neoplastic transformation was induced by treatment with BrdUrd followed by near
      UV irradiation within the first 4 h of S phase, which was 5 h in duration. Cells
      treated with BrdUrd plus near UV irradiation during late S phase (the last hour)
      or during the absence of DNA synthesis (outside of the S phase) were not
      transformed. In addition, cultures treated in either G1, G2, or S phase with
      BrdUrd alone or with near UV alone also were not transformed. While morphological
      transformation, somatic mutation, and DNA and chromosomal aberrations can be
      observed either immediately or after a few cell divisions, 100 to 200 population
      doublings after the treatment were required for the emergence of a neoplastic
      subpopulation, as measured by anchorage independent growth and tumorigenicity.
      Furthermore, cellular DNA replicated during the first 4 h of S phase is sensitive
      to the perturbation which leads to neoplastic transformation. These results
      indicate that the direct perturbation of specific region(s) of cellular DNA can
      initiate the neoplastic transformation process; but for full expression of the
      neoplastic phenotypes, a long progression time is required for the acquisition of
      anchorage-independent growth and tumorigenicity.

PMID- 3708586
TI  - Cell cycle specific toxicity of the Hoechst 33342 stain in untreated or
      irradiated murine tumor cells.
AB  - Hoechst 33342 stain has been used previously in conjunction with fluorescence
      activated cell sorting to separate cell populations into the various phases of
      the cell cycle. The present experiments were designed to evaluate the toxicity of
      this stain in cells derived from solid KHT sarcomas which were untreated or
      irradiated prior to dissociation. In both untreated and irradiated cells, stain
      toxicity increased with increasing exposure times but was always greater in
      treated cells; for example, after stain exposures of 1 h at 10 microM or 2 h at 5
      microM, survival was reduced 25- to 45-fold in irradiated cells and 4- to 5-fold
      in untreated cells. To determine whether this toxicity occurred equally in all
      phases of the cell cycle or preferentially in a particular phase, cells derived
      from untreated or irradiated KHT tumors were separated into the various phases of
      the cell cycle using centrifugal elutriation. Cells in each phase then were
      divided in two, one-half being stained with 5 microM Hoechst 33342 for 2 h, the
      other half being handled in an identical manner but not stained. These particular
      stain exposure conditions were chosen for detailed evaluation because they
      provided the best DNA histograms. In both untreated and irradiated cells the
      cytotoxic effects of Hoechst 33342 were found to be significantly greater in
      cells in the S phase than in cells in G1 and G2-M phases of the cell cycle. This
      toxicity, particularly its cell cycle specificity, suggests a potentially severe
      limitation for the use of Hoechst 33342 in combination with fluorescence
      activated cell sorting in studies aimed at determining treatment efficacies in
      various phases of the cell cycle.

PMID- 3708585
TI  - Antitumor activity of delta 7-prostaglandin A1 and delta 12-prostaglandin J2 in
      vitro and in vivo.
AB  - Cyclopentenone prostaglandins (PGs) such as prostaglandin A1 (PGA1) and
      prostaglandin J2 (PGJ2) significantly increased the life span of Ehrlich ascites
      tumor-bearing mice. In order to obtain PG derivatives which have more potent
      antitumor activity than PGA1 and PGJ2, we synthesized a number of
      alkylidenecyclopentenone PGs and studied the antitumor activity of these
      compounds in vitro and in vivo. delta 7-PGA1, 12-epi-delta 7-PGA1, and delta
      12,14-PGJ2 showed 50% inhibitory concentrations of 0.3 microgram/ml against the
      growth of L1210 culture cells. These compounds are several times more cytotoxic
      than parent compounds. From a structure-activity relationship analysis, we
      concluded that, as for PGA derivatives: (a) a double bond in C7-8 potentiates the
      cytotoxicity; (b) a 15-hydroxy group is not essential for cytotoxicity; (c) the
      stereochemistry of R2 chain is not essential, while 12-epi derivatives also have
      full activity; (d) a double bond in C12-13 seems to be essential for full
      activity, and for PGJ derivatives a double bond in C12-13 and C14-15 potentiates
      the cytotoxicity. These compounds showed marked antitumor activity against
      Ehrlich ascites tumor in vivo. At doses of 20-30 mg/kg/day three or five
      consecutive i.p. treatments with these compounds resulted in a 66 to 111%
      increase in life span with long-term survivors. A single i.p. injection with 12
      epi-delta 7-PGA1 (100 mg/kg) resulted in 73% increase in life span with 33% of
      long-term survivors, indicating an activity comparable to that of
      cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg). However, delta 7-PGA1 and 12-epi-delta 7-PGA1 were
      marginally effective against P388 leukemia. Treatment with delta 7-PGA1 (10
      mg/kg/day i.p.) and 12-epi-delta 7-PGA1 (20 mg/kg/day i.p.) on Days 1-9 resulted
      in 25.8 and 29.6% increases in life span, respectively. delta 7-PGA1 and delta 12
      PGJ2 derivatives may be a potential new class of antitumor agents.

PMID- 3708587
TI  - Growth in semisolid agar of prostate cancer cells obtained from bone marrow
      aspirates.
AB  - Thirty-one bone marrow aspirations were performed on patients with prostatic
      carcinoma metastatic to bone. After separation over a Ficoll-Hypaque gradient
      viable nucleated cells were cultured in semisolid agar. Colony formation occurred
      in 14 of 27 (52%) nonbacterially contaminated cultures. Characterization of cells
      from the colonies showed them to be consistent with malignant prostate cells.
      After staining, these cells were periodic acid-Schiff positive, prostatic acid
      phosphatase positive, and prostatic specific antigen positive. Other studies
      demonstrated the cells to be karyotypically abnormal, ultrastructurally similar
      to epithelial cells, and capable of secondary colony formation. Three bone marrow
      aspirate specimens did not have metastatic prostatic carcinoma detected by
      standard methods but did demonstrate colony formation. However, colony formation
      was most frequently seen when a radionuclide scan was positive at the aspiration
      site and when tumor cells were microscopically detectable by Wright staining of a
      smeared aspirate. The potential utility of colony forming cultures in prostate
      cancer is discussed. In working with bone marrow aspirates, additional cell
      separation procedures may be required to calculate and maximize plating
      efficiencies.

PMID- 3708588
TI  - Cytogenetic evidence for gene amplification in mouse skin carcinogenesis.
AB  - Using our recently developed methodology for cytogenetic evaluation of solid
      tumors, we analyzed the occurrence of double minutes (DM) in chemically induced
      mouse skin carcinomas and papillomas. These studies revealed that DM were
      observed in 10% of the squamous cell carcinomas and in none of the papillomas
      screened. In addition, we analyzed four cell lines derived from mouse skin
      papillomas and one spontaneously transformed mouse epidermal cell line. The
      presence of DM was a consistent feature in all the studied cell lines. In the
      papilloma cell lines, the degree that DM occurred correlated with the cell line's
      capacity to form malignant tumors in immunosuppressed mice. DM were also observed
      in direct chromosomal preparations from tumors induced by one of the papilloma
      cell lines. Homogeneously staining regions were also present in metaphases from
      the spontaneously transformed cell line. We have shown here, for the first time,
      DM and homogeneously staining regions in mouse skin tumors and transformed cells
      derived from mouse skin. Since DM and homogeneously staining regions are the
      cytogenetic equivalents of gene amplification, which is a mechanism of increased
      expression of normal or altered gene products, these findings may play a relevant
      role in mouse epidermal carcinogenesis.

PMID- 3708589
TI  - Inhibition of tumor cell collagenolytic activity by bovine endothelial cells.
AB  - The ability of cellular vascular components including endothelial cells, smooth
      muscle cells, and fibroblasts to interact with the collagenolytic activity of
      invasive human tumor cell lines has been investigated. The human HT1080
      fibrosarcoma and Bowe melanoma cells, which rapidly digest collagenous proteins
      in vitro, failed to dissolve them when cocultivated with bovine endothelial
      cells. This inhibition was not dependent on the ability of endothelial cells to
      form a monolayer separating the tumor cells from the collagenous substrate. In
      contrast, little collagenolysis inhibitory activity was detected in bovine
      vascular smooth muscle cells and human fibroblasts when compared to endothelial
      cells. Serum-free medium conditioned by endothelial cells inhibited tumor cell
      mediated collagenolysis. Our data further suggest that this inhibition was
      mediated by secreted collagenase inhibitors, since endothelial cell-conditioned
      medium did not suppress the production of metalloproteinases by the tumor cells
      but inhibited the activities of collagenases derived from tadpole, rabbit, and
      human fibroblasts. Treatment of the endothelial cells with cycloheximide
      suppressed the collagenase inhibitory activity, demonstrating active production
      of collagenase inhibitors by the cells. Gel filtration chromatography of
      endothelial cell-conditioned medium allowed the separation of two distinct peaks
      with inhibitory activities for vertebrate collagenase in the molecular weight
      range of 70,000 to 75,000 and 30,000 to 35,000, respectively. While the inhibitor
      with an approximate molecular weight of 30,000 to 35,000 shared many properties
      with the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases, the high-molecular-weight
      inhibitor demonstrated characteristics not yet described for any collagenase
      inhibitor. The production and secretion of inhibitors of vertebrate collagenase
      by bovine endothelial cells may be of importance in the local control of collagen
      turnover under physiological as well as pathological conditions.

PMID- 3708590
TI  - Distinctive protein pattern in two-dimensional electrophoretograms of cancerous
      prostatic tissues.
AB  - In this report, we describe methods used to analyze the protein composition of
      sectioned frozen prostatic tissues by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Our
      results show a high degree of homology in two-dimensional electrophoretograms of
      proteins extracted from frozen sections of malignant prostate glands. Such
      homology was not apparent in protein patterns of benign hypertrophic prostatic
      tissue sections. Typically, 600 discrete proteins were resolved on two
      dimensional electrophoretograms and 9 proteins were present in all patterns of
      prostate adenocarcinomatous tissues. These nine proteins were not observed in any
      of the protein electrophoretograms developed from nonmalignant prostate tissue.
      Three proteins were found common to nonmalignant prostate glands but were not
      present in prostatic adenocarcinoma.

PMID- 3708591
TI  - Characterization of CA 19-9 bearing mucins as physiological exocrine pancreatic
      secretion products.
AB  - The monoclonal antibody CA 19-9 reacts with a carbohydrate epitope (sialylated
      lacto-N-fucopentaose II), which was shown to be part of a ganglioside extracted
      from a colon carcinoma cell line as well as of a mucin isolated from
      gastrointestinal tract tumor patients' sera. Recently, when we compared CA 19-9
      levels in pancreatic juices and corresponding serum samples from a large group of
      patients, we showed the high serum values to be indicative solely for a malignant
      disease. In contrast, the overall high CA 19-9 content in pancreatic juices from
      all diagnostic groups raised the question about the antigenic moieties in these
      samples. By means of thin layer chromatography of glycolipids with subsequent
      antibody overlay, gel chromatography, and density gradient analysis, we found
      only the mucin form in all sources investigated. Thus we conclude that the
      discrimination potential of the CA 19-9 assay in serum is based on an altered
      secretion or distribution in pancreatic tumors.

PMID- 3708592
TI  - Altered expression in squamous carcinoma cells of an orientation restricted
      epithelial antigen detected by monoclonal antibody A9.
AB  - The monoclonal IgG2a antibody A9 was raised to the UM-SCC-1 human squamous cell
      carcinoma cell line. Hemadsorption assays using monolayer cultures as target
      cells revealed a restricted range of A9 reactivity with human cell lines. The A9
      antibody was reactive with 29 of 34 squamous cell carcinoma cell lines and with 5
      epithelial cancer cell lines of non-squamous origin. In contrast, no antibody
      binding was detected with twelve malignant melanoma, two fibrosarcoma, two
      malignant lymphoid, two transitional cell carcinoma, or four adenocarcinoma cell
      lines. Similarly, normal lymphoid cells, RBC, and fibroblasts from multiple
      donors were negative. The relative expression of the A9 antigen varied greatly
      among positive squamous cancer lines such that the 50% endpoint titer of A9
      ascites fluid ranged from less than 10(1) for low antigen expressor lines to
      10(6) for strong antigen expressors. Hemadsorption tests with secondary passage
      cultures of normal squamous cells failed to detect A9 binding to the cell
      surface. However, in experiments with intact colonies in primary cultures of
      normal squamous cells, antibody binding was observed at the periphery of
      individual colonies. Mechanical detachment of such colonies revealed A9 antigen
      bound to the plastic surface underneath the cells, but the newly exposed surface
      of the cells, like the upper surface, was negative. In contrast, when cells of
      similar cultures were detached by trypsinization prior to testing no antigen
      remained on the plastic, but approximately 30% of the trypsinized cells were
      positive. Similar experiments with the five surface-negative squamous cell
      carcinoma cell lines revealed that cryptic A9 antigen could also be detected
      underneath mechanically detached cells and on the surface of 100% of trypsinized
      cells. Trypsinization of melanomas and fibroblasts did not reveal A9 antigen.
      Immunoperoxidase assays on frozen sections of normal epidermis localized A9
      antigen to the basal cells and the basement membrane region. In frozen sections
      of squamous cancers, individual tumor cells and particularly the growing edge of
      the tumors were strongly stained by A9, while in basal cell cancers only very
      slight staining could be detected. Thus, in normal epithelial cells the A9
      antigen appears to be expressed only by the stem cell subset. In squamous cancer
      cells, the expression of the A9 antigen is not only increased but appears to have
      escaped the orientation restriction characteristic of normal epithelial cells.

PMID- 3708593
TI  - Differential adhesiveness of rhabdomyosarcoma-derived cloned metastatic cell
      lines to vascular endothelial monolayers.
AB  - A series of 11 cloned cell lines derived from a primary, nickel-induced rat
      rhabdomyosarcoma was evaluated for their metastatic capacity (number of lung
      colonies following i.v. injection) and attachment kinetics to confluent pig
      endothelial cell monolayers grown in vitro. The morphology of the adhering cells
      was also studied by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Cells from all
      lines tested began to attach to the endothelial monolayers within 15 min of
      incubation at 37 degrees C, with 64% to 93% of the cells adhering after 2 h.
      Attachment rates at 30 min ranged from 29 to 48% for four lines classed as
      "weakly adhesive" (attachment, less than 50%) and from 53 to 78% for seven lines
      classed as "highly adhesive" (attachment, greater than 50%). Four clones of five
      displaying low lung-colonizing capacities also showed low attachment rates to
      endothelial monolayers in vitro. All of six highly colonizing lines studied had
      high attachment rates. A degree of positive correlation was observed between the
      amount of cell surface fibronectin as evaluated by immunofluorescence and the
      early phase attachment rates (and lung-colonizing capabilities) of the different
      cloned cell lines. Early (15 min) attachment of tumor cells to isolated
      extracellular matrix preparations proceeded at higher rates than to endothelial
      monolayers, and previously detected differences between high- and low-colonizing
      clones were less evident with these matrix substrates. Our results suggest
      possible interrelationships between specific cell adhesion properties and the
      metastatic potential of blood-borne tumor cells.

PMID- 3708594
TI  - Tissue culture model of transitional cell carcinoma: characterization of twenty
      two human urothelial cell lines.
AB  - Twenty-two continuous cell lines derived from normal and neoplastic urothelium,
      maintained under identical culture conditions, were characterized in terms of
      isozyme phenotype, tumorigenicity, and xenograft morphology following
      xenotransplantation to nude mice, cytological appearance, in vitro growth rate,
      labelling index, and colony-forming efficiency, in parallel with separate studies
      of in vitro drug sensitivities and monoclonal antibody reactivities. Three groups
      were identified: (a) distinct lines with differing isozyme patterns, a broad
      spectrum of growth characteristics, and xenograft morphologies similar to the
      histopathology of the parent tumors after periods of up to 17 yr following
      establishment in vitro; (b) cross-contaminated sublines (maintained separately in
      different laboratories for periods of up to 10 yr), with identical isozyme
      patterns and similar growth characteristics, but differing markedly in
      tumorigenicity and xenograft morphology; and (c) lines derived from normal
      urothelium which were nontumorigenic and had an isozyme pattern usually only
      encountered in untransformed cells. These data indicate that cell lines
      representative of human transitional cell carcinomas can be selected on the basis
      of xenograft morphology and isozyme patterns, and that a panel of lines derived
      from normal and neoplastic urothelium could provide a model system to study the
      biology and treatment of this disease.

PMID- 3708595
TI  - Growth of human urological tumors on extracellular matrix as a model for the in
      vitro cultivation of primary human tumor explants.
AB  - The goal of this study was to establish an optimal in vitro growth assay system
      for human urological tumor explants. Bovine corneal endotelial cell extracellular
      matrix (ECM) coated dishes were evaluated as a growth substrate for tumor
      cultures. Growth success for different urological carcinomas (prostatic, bladder,
      kidney, and testicular) was compared after seeding fresh surgical explants onto
      bovine corneal endothelial cell ECM and plastic culture flasks. Tumor samples
      were disaggregated enzymatically, and 1 X 10(4) cells were seeded onto the
      different substrates using RPMI 1640 medium containing 10% fetal calf serum
      and/or different growth factors, nutrients, and hormones. Cell growth on ECM was
      quantitated on days 7-15 by [3H]thymidine uptake, cell counting, and total
      protein. Tumor cells were characterized by flow cytometry and cytology. It was
      observed that ECM provides superior culture conditions for urological carcinomas.
      By increasing the initial number of cells plated on ECM and by adding different
      growth factors or hormones, the growth rate for specific tumor types was
      increased significantly. Several tumors (11 cases) grown on ECM were examined
      under the light microscope, and in all cases pre- and post-cytology confirmed
      malignancy. Tumor cells maintained on ECM and transplanted into nude mide
      retained their tumorigenic and morphological characteristics. Clinically
      aggressive tumors were associated with extensive ECM degradation. In addition,
      the growth of fresh human tumors on ECM provides a biologically relevant model
      system (for assessing the invasiveness of tumors in vitro) and should also be
      useful for drug evaluation studies.

PMID- 3708596
TI  - Similarities in glycosylation of human neuroblastoma tumors and cell lines.
AB  - The presence of fucosyl residues linked alpha 1----3(4) to N-acetylglucosamine
      was demonstrated on the oligosaccharides from glycoproteins of 11 human
      neuroblastoma tumors from ten different patients. This finding is in complete
      agreement with the previous report that human neuroblastoma cell lines contained
      an unusually large proportion of metabolically incorporated L-[3H]fucose in this
      specific linkage (U. V. Santer and M. C. Glick, Cancer Res., 43:4159-4166, 1983).
      Furthermore, the glycopeptides derived from the neuroblastoma tumors had a low
      percentage of fucose-containing biantennary oligosaccharides as determined by
      affinity to concanavalin A-Sepharose and in this characteristic were similar to
      glycopeptides from virus transformed and other tumor cells. To obtain these
      results, the tumor cells were labeled metabolically for 48 h with L-[3H]fucose.
      The cells were harvested and digested with Pronase, and the glycopeptides were
      isolated and treated with alpha-L-fucosidase from almonds, specific for the
      release of fucose linked alpha 1----3(4) to N-acetylglucosamine. A portion of the
      glycopeptides was characterized by serial affinity chromatography on immobilized
      concanavalin A and lentil lectin. The phenotypic similarity of the tumor cells to
      the cell lines, particularly CHP-134, included the paucity of biantennary
      oligosaccharides and the presence of fucosyl residues on the multiantennae of the
      glycopeptides.

PMID- 3708597
TI  - Assessment of cytogenetic damage by quantitation of micronuclei in human
      peripheral blood erythrocytes.
AB  - The incidence of micronuclei (Howell-Jolly bodies) in peripheral blood
      erythrocytes of splenectomized and nonsplenectomized humans was evaluated as an
      index of genotoxic exposure. Subjects with intact spleens had very low
      frequencies of micronucleated cells among circulating erythrocytes, even when
      these individuals were exposed to known clastogenic agents used in cancer therapy
      (no micronuclei were seen in 100,000 cells). After splenectomy, the frequency of
      micronuclei among erythrocytes of untreated subjects rose slowly and after 4 mo
      established a steady-state level of approximately 2.0/1000, a value similar to
      that reported for human bone marrow (Goetz et al. Relationship between
      experimental results in mammals and man: cytogenetic analysis of bone marrow
      injury induced by a single dose of cyclophosphamine. Mutat. Res., 31: 247-254,
      1985; and Hogstedt et al. Micronuclei and chromosome aberrations in bone marrow
      cells and lymphocytes of humans exposed mainly to petroleum vapors. Hereditas,
      94: 179-187, 1981. Chemotherapy increased these levels, with individual samples
      from patients on daily treatment often having values greater than 5 times higher
      than control levels. The frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes rose as the
      duration of clastogenic exposure increased and returned to near base-line levels
      approximately 4 mo after treatment was discontinued. These findings suggest that
      it will be possible to use analyses of circulating erythrocytes to assess
      genotoxic exposures among splenectomized human populations. The ease of sample
      preparation and scoring should make it possible to monitor individuals with
      greater statistical power than is feasible with conventional cytogenetic
      techniques.

PMID- 3708598
TI  - Distribution of the Mr 52,000 estrogen-regulated protein in benign breast
      diseases and other tissues by immunohistochemistry.
AB  - A secreted glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 52,000 is induced by estrogen
      in breast cancer cells and has been purified to prepare monoclonal antibodies.
      The protein has been detected in some breast cancers but not in normal breast and
      uterus. In order to study its potential value as a marker, we have tested by
      immunohistochemistry frozen sections of several normal and malignant tissues and
      of benign mastopathies. Among different tissues tested, the Mr 52,000 protein was
      detected only in liver, sweat glands, and some sebaceous glands, and in malignant
      melanomas and some breast tumors. Other estrogen-responsive tissues (ovary,
      placenta, endometrium, etc.) gave negative results. Immunoradiometric assay of
      the Mr 52,000 protein in biological fluid revealed an elevated concentration in
      cyst fluid (0.5 to 7.4 micrograms/ml), pleural effusions of certain metastatic
      breast cancer, and sweat. By immunohistochemistry, the Mr 52,000 antigen was also
      detected in 42% of 129 benign mastopathies. Gynecomastia, fibrous disease,
      fibroadenoma, and adenosis were mainly negative, whereas ductal hyperplasia and
      cysts were positive. The Mr 52,000 protein was found mostly in proliferative
      ducts and in cysts but not in lobular hyperplasia and nonproliferative lesions
      without cyst. More Mr 52,000 protein was found in postmenopausal patients than in
      premenopausal patients. We conclude that the Mr 52,000 protein is a marker
      associated with mammary cysts and proliferative ducts. On the basis of the
      increased risk of breast cancer in proliferative mastopathies, we suggest that
      the Mr 52,000 protein is useful for predicting high-risk mastopathies acting as a
      marker associated with the proliferation of ductal tissue.

PMID- 3708599
TI  - Bromocriptine: long-term low-dose therapy in Parkinson's disease.
AB  - Low-dose bromocriptine therapy (average dose 14.5 mg/day at 2 years) produced
      significant improvement in 25 of 39 parkinsonian patients. Bradykinesia was less
      in de novo subjects; tremor and rigidity improved most in the levodopa subjects.
      Five of six patients improved after a low-dose bromocriptine drug "holiday."
      After the addition of bromocriptine any reductions in levodopa dosage were small,
      with repeated cuts made gradually over months preventing the deterioration
      commonly seen with larger sudden reductions in levodopa dosage. Five patients
      withdrew because of intolerable adverse effects, two because of worsening
      response. Adverse effects were mild and generally dose dependent, and in some
      patients they disappeared without reduction in continuing bromocriptine therapy.
      Eighty percent of those who tolerated bromocriptine maintained response over 2
      years. Bromocriptine did not induce dyskinesia, the wearing-off response, or the
      on-off phenomenon in de novo subjects and was used as a first choice drug in
      these parkinsonian patients. Best results were obtained from a combination of
      bromocriptine and levodopa.

PMID- 3708600
TI  - Mesulergine (CU 32-085) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
AB  - The long-term effects of mesulergine, a new drug with dopamine agonistic
      properties, were studied in 28 patients with Parkinson's disease. In 18 patients
      with late side effects of levodopa, the addition of mesulergine (10.9 mg/day)
      induced significant decreases in the global (-48%), rigidity (-62%), and akinesia
      (-37%) scores. The drug was found to be very effective on tremor (-71%).
      Mesulergine was useful in cases of inefficacy of levodopa alone or persistent
      intolerable side effects. The decrease in levodopa dose and the addition of
      mesulergine permitted a significant reduction in dyskinesia. Used as sole
      therapeutic agent (10.9 mg/day), mesulergine was found to be active on tremor and
      rigidity scores but not on akinesia or global scores. Mesulergine induced few
      side effects. These results show the antiparkinsonian properties of mesulergine
      that seem to be of significant therapeutic value in patients with tremor or in
      combination with levodopa.

PMID- 3708601
TI  - Long-term efficacy of pergolide in patients with Parkinson's disease.
AB  - We report the clinical course of 35 patients with Parkinson's disease who
      experienced an initially favorable response to pergolide and who were taking the
      drug for at least 6 months. The duration of pergolide treatment was 6-50 (25 +/-
      16 SD) months. Of the 14 patients who remained on pergolide for over 2 years, 12
      remained less disabled for 26 +/- 17 SD months, seven enjoyed increased "on" time
      for 39 +/- 8 SD months, and nine had a lower Hoehn-Yahr stage for 25 +/- 17 SD
      months. Pergolide was discontinued after 5-39 months in eight patients; six
      patients then deteriorated. Pergolide can remain efficacious in the treatment of
      Parkinson's disease for up to 50 months.

PMID- 3708602
TI  - Repeated levodopa infusions in fluctuating Parkinson's disease: clinical and
      pharmacokinetic data.
AB  - The short-term efficacy of continuous intravenous infusions of levodopa (with
      oral peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor) in abolishing or reducing "on-off"
      fluctuations in patients with Parkinson's disease is well established. However,
      there are suggestions that clinical response may be less good with longer
      infusions, or infusions on consecutive days. We therefore gave intravenous
      infusions of levodopa to three such subjects on five consecutive days (6 h on day
      1, 12 h/day on days 2 to 5). One subject's symptoms were perfectly controlled,
      one experienced one "off" period per day, and the third developed one or two off
      periods per day. Nevertheless, clinical control in all three subjects was
      superior with levodopa infusions to that seen on optimum oral therapy. Plasma
      levodopa concentrations during the infusions could be correlated with off to on,
      and with on to off switches. In general, subjects needed higher plasma levodopa
      levels to turn "on" than to keep them mobile once on, and the threshold levels
      below which off-periods supervened were lower still. These experiments show that
      repeated intravenous infusions of levodopa are very effective in some
      parkinsonian subjects, who may be suitable candidates for prolonged parenteral
      treatment with alternative, more highly soluble, dopaminergic drugs.

PMID- 3708603
TI  - Measurement of whole blood serotonin as a guide in prescribing psychostimulant
      medication for children with attentional deficits.
AB  - A retrospective study was made of a series of 73 children who presented at the
      Diagnostic and Developmental Center, Northbrook, IL, U.S.A. between February 1,
      1983 and July 1, 1984 with learning disabilities, impulsivity, short attention
      span, and in some cases, hyperactivity as well. Ninety-eight percent of the
      patients with low whole blood serotonin levels (below 90 ng/ml) improved in their
      ability to pay attention and learn and diminished in impulsivity when the
      psychostimulant medication pemoline was administered, while the patients with
      higher levels (above 100 ng/ml) did not benefit from the drug. Thus, the
      measurement of serotonin levels in whole blood appears to have predictive value
      as to which children can be helped by treatment with pemoline. Based on the data
      presented, we recommend the use of the whole blood serotonin test at the time of
      initial evaluation to determine whether children should be treated with pemoline,
      thereby sparing those who would not respond favorably from an ineffectual trial
      of the drug.

PMID- 3708604
TI  - Sinemet in Parkinson's disease: efficacy with and without food.

PMID- 3708605
TI  - Retroperitoneal fibrosis and treatment of Parkinson's disease with high doses of
      bromocriptine.

PMID- 3708606
TI  - Pharmacotherapy: problems and practices.
AB  - Treatment of Parkinson's disease is not difficult in the early stages of the
      disease; a therapeutic regimen of carbidopa-levodopa or possibly, a combination
      of carbidopa-levodopa and bromocriptine, provides the best therapeutic results.
      There is no reason to withhold carbidopa-levodopa therapy early in the disease.
      During the more advanced stages of the disease, in addition to meticulous
      titration of carbidopa-levodopa, the administration of a dopamine agonist (such
      as bromocriptine), amantadine, or an anticholinergic agent may be required in an
      attempt to smooth the therapeutic effect. All of these drugs, with the exception
      of amantadine, require small initial doses with subsequent cautious increases in
      dosage. Mental side effects are less likely to occur with carbidopa-levodopa
      therapy than with any of the other drugs.

PMID- 3708607
TI  - Antiemetic studies: a methodological discussion.
AB  - Methodological issues encountered in reviewing the antiemetic literature are
      discussed. Variables affecting antiemetic assessment include those relating to
      the patient, the emetic stimulus, and the differences in action of the antiemetic
      drugs. Study design questions including the desirability of randomization, double
      blinding, use of controls, and stratifications for factors such as previous
      exposure to chemotherapy and strength of the emetic stimulus are discussed. From
      a statistical viewpoint a parallel subject design with adequate sample size is
      recommended. The problems of standardizing the evaluation of nausea and vomiting
      are considered and simple ordinal scales grading severity are suggested. The
      patient's overall assessment of tolerance of therapy is of primary importance.

PMID- 3708608
TI  - High-dose teniposide for refractory malignancies: a phase I study.
AB  - To evaluate the dose-limiting toxicity of teniposide (VM-26), a phase I study was
      conducted. VM-26, a semisynthetic podophyllotoxin derivative, was administered on
      3 consecutive days. The initial total dose per course was 0.3 g/m2, with dose
      escalation to 0.6 and 1 g/m2. The most prominent side effects observed were
      severe skin rash in all three patients in the highest dose group and a dose
      dependent degree of leukocytopenia and thrombocytopenia. In the highest dose
      group the leukocyte count in all courses was less than 1 X 10(9) cells/L and in
      three of five courses the platelet count was less than 25 X 10(9) cells/L. Of the
      13 evaluable patients, five had partial remission, one had minor response, and
      four had stable disease. Further study should be centered on phase II studies in
      selected tumor groups at a VM-26 dose of 0.6 g/m2.

PMID- 3708609
TI  - Phase I study of triglycidylurazol given on a 5-day i.v. schedule.
AB  - Triglycidylurazol is a teroxirone derivative proposed for clinical trials on the
      basis of a broad spectrum of activity against murine tumors and a reduced
      potential for toxic manifestations at the injection site as compared to the
      parent compound. This phase I trial was designed to define the maximum tolerated
      dose of triglycidylurazol given by iv bolus on a 5-day schedule. Twenty-eight
      adult patients with a variety of solid tumors were entered. Their median
      performance status was 2 (range, 0-3), and most had received prior radiotherapy,
      chemotherapy, or both. A median of one course (range, one to four) was
      administered, for a total of 47 courses. Doses were escalated from 6 to 250
      mg/m2/day. Leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were dose-related and -limiting, with
      a strong suggestion of increased myelosuppression with repeated courses.
      Nonhematologic toxic effects were generally mild to moderate. Nausea and vomiting
      were experienced by most patients. Local toxic effects consisting of venous
      discoloration, phlebitis, and/or sloughing were encountered in about one-half of
      the patients. Possible drug-related impairments in liver function were noted in
      three patients. Negligible alopecia and fatigue were also observed. Antitumor
      effect was detected in one patient with adenocarcinoma of unknown origin. A dose
      of 200 mg/m2/day for 5 consecutive days may be recommended for phase II trials.

PMID- 3708610
TI  - Effect of hyperthermia on the in vitro metabolism of doxorubicin.
AB  - The effect of hyperthermia on the uptake and metabolism of doxorubicin (ADM) was
      studied in in vitro systems. ADM uptake in rat liver slices was not affected by
      increasing the temperature from 37 degrees C to 43 degrees C. In rat liver
      homogenates, the aerobic transformation of ADM was low and was not affected by
      hyperthermia. Approximately 90% of the parent drug remained unchanged after 60
      minutes of incubation, and two metabolites, adriamycinol and a polar metabolite,
      were formed in small amounts. Under anaerobic conditions, ADM was quickly and
      extensively converted to two metabolites identified as 7-deoxyadriamycinol
      aglycone and 7-deoxyadriamycin aglycone. Whereas the disappearance of ADM and the
      formation of 7-deoxyadriamycin aglycone were not modified by the hyperthermic
      conditions, there was a slight but significant increase of the formation of 7
      deoxyadriamycinol alycone (area under the concentration versus time curve in
      microM X minute: 216 +/- 24 at 37 degrees C; 235 +/- 24 at 39.5 degrees C; and
      271 +/- 8 at 42 degrees C; P less than or equal to 0.05). However, the percentage
      of dA3 was not significantly different at the end of the incubation.

PMID- 3708611
TI  - Flavone acetic acid: a novel agent with preclinical antitumor activity against
      colon adenocarcinoma 38 in mice.
AB  - Flavone acetic acid, given on Days 2 and 9 at a dose of 267 mg/kg, inhibited
      tumor growth completely in 60%-80% of mice with early-stage Colon Adenocarcinoma
      38. The therapeutic efficacy of the flavone against this tumor was retained when
      the sites of tumor implantation and drug administration were separated. Flavone
      acetic acid also caused regression of advanced (500-mg) Colon 38 tumors, with
      greatest efficacy observed following administration of high individual dose
      rather than high total dose. Unlike many previous potential anticancer agents,
      only modest activity was observed for this compound against either P388 or L1210
      leukemia.

PMID- 3708612
TI  - Cisplatin and radiation therapy for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of
      the lung.
AB  - A pilot study was initiated to test the safety and efficacy of the simultaneous
      administration of high-dose cisplatin and irradiation in patients with locally
      advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Cisplatin was administered at 100
      mg/m2 on Days 1 and 21 and was continued at 20 mg/m2 once a week to the
      completion of radiation therapy. Irradiation was begun on Day 22 and was
      administered 5 days a week for 6 weeks at a rate of 200 cGy per day to a total of
      6000 cGy to the primary site, using a shrinking field technique. Of the 13
      patients so treated, all but one showed objective evidence of tumor regression
      according to chest x-ray. Six patients are still alive from 12 to 37 months after
      the start of treatment, including four who are asymptomatic and without apparent
      tumor and two with persistent local disease. Of the seven patients who died, four
      had metastatic disease (including one with local recurrence as well), one (who
      had been resistant to therapy) had persistent local disease, and two died too
      early to allow comment on efficacy (although autopsy in one case showed no
      evidence of locoregional tumor). This program is both active and tolerable, and
      deserves further study.

PMID- 3708613
TI  - Peptichemio in advanced breast cancer: a clinical evaluation in 32 patients.
AB  - A clinical evaluation of peptichemio (40-45 mg/m2/day for 3 days every 3-4 weeks)
      was conducted in 32 patients with advanced breast cancer, 28 of whom were
      evaluable for both toxicity and response. The overall response rate was 18% (one
      complete remission and four partial remissions), with a median duration of 4
      months (range, 2-6). The major side effects were cumulative myelotoxicity,
      phlebitis, mild nausea, and vomiting. A posttreatment heparin infusion was used
      to prevent phlebitis.

PMID- 3708614
TI  - Treatment of advanced resistant Hodgkin's disease with lomustine, etoposide, and
      prednimustine.
AB  - Fifteen patients with Hodgkin's disease resistant to the chemotherapy
      combinations of cyclophosphamide, vinblastine, procarbazine and prednisone and
      doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine were treated with lomustine,
      etoposide, and prednimustine. Four of them achieved complete remission and two
      achieved partial remission (overall response rate, 40%). The median duration of
      response was 5.5 months, with two complete responders relapsing at 4 and 17
      months and the other two remaining disease-free at 7 and 18 months, whereas
      disease progression was observed at 2.5 and 6 months in the partial responders.
      Extrahematological toxicity was scarce. Severe myelosuppression was observed in
      only three patients. These results indicate that lomustine, etoposide, and
      prednimustine can play a role in the treatment of advanced resistant Hodgkin's
      disease.

PMID- 3708615
TI  - Weekly mitoxantrone therapy for refractory multiple myeloma: a Southeastern
      Cancer Study Group Trial.

PMID- 3708616
TI  - Phase II evaluation of diaziquone in recurrent head and neck cancer.

PMID- 3708617
TI  - Phase II study of spirogermanium in advanced (extensive) non-small cell lung
      cancer.

PMID- 3708618
TI  - Phase II trial of chemotherapy with cisplatin and etoposide in non-small cell
      lung cancer.

PMID- 3708619
TI  - Phase II evaluation of procarbazine in metastatic breast cancer: a Southeastern
      Cancer Study Group Trial.

PMID- 3708620
TI  - Phase II trial of N-methylformamide for advanced renal cell carcinoma.

PMID- 3708621
TI  - Phase II trial of esorubicin in advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

PMID- 3708622
TI  - Phase II trial of bisantrene in patients with advanced sarcoma: a Southwest
      Oncology Group Study.

PMID- 3708623
TI  - Cutaneous necrosis after intra-arterial treatment with cisplatin.

PMID- 3708624
TI  - Severe hyponatremia following simultaneous administration of aminoglutethimide
      and diuretics.

PMID- 3708625
TI  - Apparent myocardial ischemia associated with vinblastine administration.

PMID- 3708626
TI  - Intractable pain in patients with advanced head and neck tumors: a possible role
      of local infection.

PMID- 3708627
TI  - Synthesis of heparin fragments. A chemical synthesis of the pentasaccharide O-(2
      deoxy-2-sulfamido-6-O-sulfo-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1-4 )-O-(beta-D
      glucopyranosyluronic acid)-(1-4)-O-(2-deoxy-2-sulfamido-3,6-di-O-sulfo-alpha-D
      glu copyranosyl)-(1-4)-O-(2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranosyluronic acid)-(1-4)-2
      deoxy-2-sulfamido-6-O-sulfo-D-glucopyranose decasodium salt, a heparin fragment
      having high affinity for antithrombin III.
AB  - Known allyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-alpha-D-glucopyranoside was first converted into
      methyl (prop-1-enyl 2,3-di-O-benzyl-4-O-chloroacetyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosid)
      uronate. Acid hydrolysis, followed by treatment with (bromomethylene)dimethyl
      ammonium bromide, gave methyl (2,3-di-O-benzyl-4-O-chloroacetyl-alpha-D
      glucopyranosyl bromide)uronate. Condensation of this bromide with 3-O-acetyl-1,6
      anhydro-2-azido-2-deoxy-4-O-(methyl 2,3-di-O-benzyl-4-O-chloroacetyl-beta-D
      glucopyranosyluronate)-bet a-D-glucopyranose. Acetolysis, followed by treatment
      with titanium tetrabromide, then gave 3,6-di-O-acetyl-2-azido-2-deoxy-4-O-(methyl
      2,3-di-O-benzyl-4-O-chloroacetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyluronate)-alp ha-D
      glucopyranosyl bromide. Condensation of this bromide with benzyl 6-O-acetyl-3-O
      benzyl-2-benzyloxy- carbonylamino-2-deoxy-4-O-(methyl 2-O-acetyl-3-O-benzyl-alpha
      L- idopyranosyluronate)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside provided benzyl O-(methyl 2,3-di
      O-benzyl-4-O-chloroacetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyluronate)-(1- ---4)-O-(3,6-di-O
      acetyl- -2-azido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1----4)-O-(methyl 2-O-acetyl-3
      O-benzyl-alpha-L-idopyranosyluronate)-(1----4)-6-O-ac etyl-3-O- acetyl-3-O-benzyl
      2-benzyloxycarbonylamino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-gluc opyranoside. O-Dechloroacetylation
      followed by condensation with 6-O-acetyl-2-azido-3,4-di-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-alpha-D
      glucopyranosyl bromide provided benzyl O-(6-O-acetyl-2-azido-3,4-di-O-benzyl-2
      deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)- (1----4)-O-(methyl 2,3-di-O-benzyl-beta-D
      glucopyranosyluronate)-(1----4)- O-(3,6-di-O-acetyl-2-azido-2-deoxy-alpha-D
      glucopyranosyl)-(1----4)-O-(m ethyl 2-O-acetyl-3-O-benzyl-alpha-L
      idopyranosyluronate)-(1----4)-6-O-ac etyl-3-O- benzyl-2-benzyloxycarbonylamino-2
      deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside in 70% yield. O-Deacetylation followed by re
      esterification, O-sulfation, saponification, catalytic hydrogenolysis, and N
      sulfation gave the decasodium salt of O-(2-deoxy-2-sulfamido-6-O-sulfo-alpha-D-
      glucopyranosyl)-(1----4)-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid)-(1----4)-O-(2-deoxy
      2-sulfamido-3,6-di-O-sulfo-alpha-D-gl ucopyranosyl)-(1----4)-O-(2-O-sulfo-alpha-L
      idopyranosyluronic+ ++ acid)-(1----4)-2-deoxy-2-sulfamido-6-O-sulfo-D
      glucopyranose. This synthetic pentasaccharide binds to antithrombin III with an
      association constant similar to that of high-affinity heparin and elicits a
      potent anti-factor Xa activity in plasma.

PMID- 3708628
TI  - Structure of the extracellular gelling polysaccharide produced by Enterobacter
      (NCIB 11870) species.
AB  - The gelling polysaccharide produced by a species of Enterobacter (NCIB 11870)
      contains L-fucose, D-glucose, and D-glucuronic acid in the ratios 1:2:1. Analysis
      of the methylated and methylated, carboxyl-reduced polysaccharide revealed
      terminal non-reducing glucose, (1----3)-linked fucose, (1----3,1----4)-linked
      glucose, and (1----4)-linked glucuronic acid in the ratios 1:1:1.2:0.8. From the
      results of Smith degradation of the polysaccharide and spectroscopic studies of
      the acidic tetra- and octa-saccharides produced by bacteriophage-induced enzymic
      depolymerization of the polysaccharide, the following tetrasaccharide repeating
      unit is proposed. (Formula: see text). This repeating-unit is identical to that
      of the capsular polysaccharide produced by Klebsiella aerogenes serotype K54
      except for the absence of O-acetyl groups. The effects of the O-acetyl groups on
      the secondary structure and rheological properties of these polysaccharides are
      discussed.

PMID- 3708629
TI  - Structures of D-threo-2,5-hexodiulose 1-phosphate and D-threo-2,5-hexodiulose 1,6
      bisphosphate (5-keto-D-fructose mono- and bis-phosphate) in solution by 13C
      N.M.R. spectroscopy.
AB  - The mono- (2) and bis-phosphate (3) derivatives of D-threo-2,5-hexodiulose (1) (5
      keto-D-fructose) were synthesized enzymically and purified by anion-exchange
      chromatography. The proportions, sizes of ring, and anomeric configurations were
      determined by F.t. 31P- and 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy. Compound 2 was found to
      exist preponderantly (70-78%) in the beta-pyranose form with the remainder
      existing in the 2R,5R-furanose form. Compound 3 assumes two different furanose
      forms in solution, one (77-84%) being the 2R,5R-furanose form and the other the
      2S,5R-furanose form.

PMID- 3708630
TI  - Synthesis of 2-deoxy-4-O-phosphono-3-O-tetradecanoyl-2-[(3R)- and (3S)-3
      tetradecanoyloxytetradecanamido]-D-glucose: a diastereoisomeric pair of 4-O
      phosphono-D-glucosamine derivatives (GLA-27) related to bacterial lipid A.
AB  - The diastereoisomeric, 4-O-phosphono-D-glucosamine derivatives named in the title
      have been synthesized, starting from benzyl 2-amino-2-deoxy-4,6-O-isopropylidene
      beta-D-glucopyranoside and (3RS)-3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid.

PMID- 3708631
TI  - Antitumor and immunologic effects of a pyridine-extracted fraction of
      Propionibacterium acnes.
AB  - The antitumor and immunological effects of a pyridine extractable fraction of
      Propionibacterium acnes were tested in a murine ovarian teratocarcinoma (MOT)
      model. Previous studies have demonstrated that tumor rejection in this model
      depends upon sequential activation of tumoricidal neutrophils (PMNs) followed by
      cytostatic macrophages. The pyridine extract significantly prolonged the survival
      of mice challenged with 10(3) or 10(4) MOT cells but had little impact on a 10(5)
      tumor inoculum. In vivo cytoreduction occurred within the first 24 h following IP
      treatment which correlated temporally with the influx of tumoricidal PMNs into
      the peritoneal cavity. Immunotherapy failure in mice challenged with 10(5) MOT
      cells occurred between 48 and 72 h after treatment when macrophage chemotaxis
      into the peritoneal cavity was initiated. Although injection of unfractionated
      bacteria activated MOT-cytostatic macrophages, the pyridine extract was deficient
      in this regard. Intraperitoneal injection of the pyridine extract resulted in an
      early (day +1) depression and late (day +5) enhancement of peritoneal NK
      cytotoxicity. These data suggest that the retention of neutrophil-activating
      moieties in the pyridine extract are sufficient for antitumor effects against low
      tumor inocula while the depletion of macrophage-activating determinants results
      in diminished effects against larger tumor cell challenges.

PMID- 3708633
TI  - Risk of developing cardiovascular risk factors and adverse effects of risk factor
      reduction.

PMID- 3708632
TI  - Serum immunoglobulins in patients with carcinoma of the oral cavity, uterine
      cervix and breast.
AB  - Serum immunoglobulin levels (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD and IgE) were estimated in 196
      patients with carcinoma of the oral cavity, 172 patients with cervical cancer and
      166 patients with breast cancer. The values were compared with those of 50
      patients with benign lesions of the breast and cervix and 100 healthy adult
      controls. Only the serum IgE levels were found to be elevated in the benign
      group. Serum IgA, IgD and IgE levels were found to be elevated in all the three
      types of cancers and the levels were found to increase with clinical stage. In
      carcinoma of uterine cervix IgG levels were also found to be elevated.
      Immunoglobulins A and D returned to normal after clinical cure whereas IgE
      remained slightly elevated. IgD and IgE remained high in patients who had
      residual cancer.

PMID- 3708635
TI  - Geriatric cardiology.

PMID- 3708634
TI  - The modification of cardiovascular risk factors: ethical issues.
AB  - Attempts to modify risk factors raise ethical questions. The ethical dimensions
      are heightened by uncertainties in the risk factor data base, the application of
      hypothetical probabilities to identified individuals, and the interaction between
      risk factors and values. The context of these issues varies from the isolated
      physician-patient relationship to the society as a whole.

PMID- 3708636
TI  - Aging in America: a demographic perspective.
AB  - This century has seen an enormous growth in the population aged 65 years and
      older. Future projections indicate that there will be increases in both the
      number of older persons and the proportion of the total population that is
      elderly. In this article, population characteristics and mortality and morbidity
      patterns are discussed. Consideration is given to the present and future impact
      that demographic changes in the elderly will have on health care utilization and
      expenditures.

PMID- 3708637
TI  - Biochemical mechanisms of acute contractile failure in the hypoxic rat heart.
AB  - The biochemical mechanism of acute contractile failure in the hypoxic rat heart
      was investigated using phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance to measure
      intracellular acidosis and the concentrations of phosphocreatine, adenosine
      triphosphate (ATP), and inorganic phosphate while cardiac mechanical function was
      simultaneously monitored. The cytosolic free [ADP] was calculated from the
      creatine kinase equilibrium expression. Mechanical activity, phosphocreatine and
      ATP concentrations, and intracellular pH all decreased after the onset of hypoxic
      perfusion. Neither a reduction in ATP concentration nor limitation in its rate of
      production contributed to the early contractile failure. Calculations suggest
      only a modest (approximately 10%) difference in cytosolic free energies of ATP
      hydrolysis. Neither the time course nor the extent of depression of mechanical
      function correlated well with intracellular acidosis. In conjunction with other
      observations, these results were consistent with the view that the myocardial
      inotropic state may be directly responsive to the ambient PO2. The overall rate
      of ATP turnover was assessed from measurements of oxygen utilisation and lactate
      production in both normoxic and hypoxic hearts. Surprisingly, despite more than
      an 80% reduction in mechanical activity during hypoxia, no significant decrease
      in the rate of ATP utilisation was noted during hypoxia. This suggests that
      unidentified non-contractile processes may hydrolyse ATP at relatively higher
      rates during hypoxia.

PMID- 3708638
TI  - Lipid peroxidation in neonatal rat heart cell cultures: effects of cumene
      hydroperoxide.
AB  - In this study neonatal rat heart cell cultures were evaluated on their potential
      merit for studying the oxidative component in the cardiotoxic action of drugs.
      Cumene hydroperoxide was used as a model compound. Cumene hydroperoxide induced
      enzyme release from the myocyte cultures which appeared to be both dose- and
      substrate(glucose)-dependent. Significant correlations were found between
      depletion of GSH and increased GSSG formation on the one hand and enzyme release
      on the other hand. Furthermore the formation of malondialdehyde, one of the
      products of lipid peroxidation, was measured, which correlated with enzyme
      release as well. Measurements on the release of the mitochondrial isoenzyme of
      aspartate aminotransferase imply that the lipid peroxidative process affects
      primarily the sarcolemmal membrane. The results indicate that myocytes in culture
      can provide a convenient in vitro system to assess the peroxidative action of
      cardiotoxic agents.

PMID- 3708639
TI  - Haemodynamic consequences of arterial replacement with a synthetic graft.
AB  - Because of structural differences between a synthetic graft and the natural
      artery, a graft would be expected to alter the haemodynamics of the vessel which
      is bypassed. To examine this, a segment of the lower descending thoracic aorta in
      six calves was removed and replaced with a Dacron graft. The gradients in
      pressure and flow across this segment were calculated from simultaneous
      measurements of pressure and flow made at both ends. From these, the longitudinal
      (Zl) and transverse (Zt) impedance of the segment was computed. In three animals
      pressure and flow were measured in the ascending aorta so that the systemic input
      impedance (Zi) could also be computed. Neither the magnitude nor phase of Zl was
      affected by the graft. However, the magnitude of Zt was approximately five times
      higher at all frequencies above DC following insertion of the graft. The
      characteristic impedance (Zo) was computed from Zl and Zt. Zo for the aortic
      segment remained approximately constant between 20 and 40 Pa X s X cm-3 for the
      first 10 harmonics. In contrast, Zo for the graft was strongly frequency
      dependent, and progressively increased in magnitude up through the tenth
      harmonic. The input impedance at the entrance to the segment (Zx) was strongly
      influenced by Zo. As a result, the higher frequency components of Zx were
      increased following insertion of the graft. In spite of these local changes in
      impedance, Zi was not affected by the graft. This was probably due to effective
      filtering by the healthy, compliant aorta left intact between the graft and the
      left ventricle.

PMID- 3708640
TI  - Bioelectrical and mechanical effects of tiapamil (Ro 11-1781) on isolated guinea
      pig myocardium.
AB  - In isolated electrically stimulated guinea pig papillary muscles tiapamil exerts
      a negative inotropic action that corresponds to its presumptive inhibitory
      effects on the slow-channel-mediated transmembrane Ca2+ influx. However,
      contractile depression is always accompanied by marked alterations of the normal
      Na+-carried action potential. Thus Na+-dependent upstroke velocity (dV/dtmax)
      declines while the length of the plateau phase increases. These observations
      indicate that tiapamil, besides inhibiting Ca2+ inflow, also interferes with the
      fast inward Na+ current and possibly also reduces the repolarising K+ efflux.
      After partial depolarisation with a K+-rich tyrode solution (19 mmol X litre-1
      K+). tiapamil lowers the Ca2+-dependent contractile force as it reduces the
      bioelectric parameters (upstroke velocity, amplitude, duration) of the Ca2+
      mediated action potentials. Moreover, in partially depolarised myocardium, the
      Mg2+-induced bioelectric membrane activity is suppressed by tiapamil. Tiapamil
      probably operates as an agent with mixed Na+-, K+-, Ca2+- and Mg2+-antagonistic
      effects and, in this respect, differs considerably from the more specific Ca2+
      antagonists such as verapamil, D 600 (gallopamil), nifedipine (and other 1,4
      dihydropyridines) or diltiazem. However, tiapamil by virtue of its combined
      damping actions on both transmembrane Na+ and Ca2+ conductivities (together with
      prolongation of the action potential plateau), is a drug which exerts,
      simultaneously, the fundamental myocardial membrane effects of antiarrhythmic
      agents of group I, III and IV, according to the classification of Singh and
      Vaughan Williams. Thus these bioelectrical observations are in accordance with
      the results of clinical studies on tiapamil, which have demonstrated directly its
      antiarrhythmic efficacy.

PMID- 3708641
TI  - Influence of peripheral intravenous contrast injection on the QRS complex in
      healthy men.
AB  - The influence of acute plasma expansion induced by the administration of sodium
      containing hyperosmolar contrast medium on Frank lead electrocardiograms was
      investigated in 10 healthy male volunteers. The major electrocardiographic
      changes after injection of the contrast medium were a significant decrease in the
      amplitudes of Rx, Ry, and Qz and the maximal spatial QRS voltage, and a
      significant increase in the amplitude of Sx. The echocardiographic left
      ventricular end diastolic dimension tended to be larger after the injection,
      whereas no significant change occurred in the left ventricular systolic
      dimension. The electrocardiographic changes in this study were the opposite of
      those expected with the Brody effect. Although the precise mechanism underlying
      these findings is unclear, the increased intracardiac blood volume may have
      caused a decrease in the QRS voltage by a short circuiting effect. Alternatively
      if the activation in the left ventricle is assumed to be predominantly tangential
      the QRS voltage should have decreased with the Brody effect. The Brody effect may
      lead to an erroneous interpretation of electrocardiograms in certain clinical
      settings.

PMID- 3708642
TI  - Influence of current strength on excitability and conduction of human atrium and
      atrioventricular node.
AB  - The influence of current strength on excitability and conduction of atrium and
      atrioventricular node was assessed in 25 patients using different current
      strengths (2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, 15 mA) and introducing extrastimuli (parasinusal
      zone) after the eighth paced complex of a basic drive (100 beats X min-1).
      Bipolar stimulation with the distal pole as cathode was performed so that
      effective and functional refractoriness of atrium and atrioventricular node, and
      the maximum value of atrial latency (interval between the extrastimulus and the
      beginning of atrial activity), intra-atrial conduction time, and AH interval
      could be determined at each current strength. In some patients atrioventricular
      nodal effective refractoriness could or could not be determined at each current
      strength, whereas in others the determination was possible only at the highest or
      the lowest current strengths. Moreover, the increase in current strength induced
      a progressive parallel reduction in both atrial effective and functional
      refractoriness; induced a progressive lengthening of intra-atrial conduction time
      (this was seen only in patients with a history of atrial arrhythmias); allowed
      the maximum possible lengthening of AH interval; and did not visibly influence
      atrioventricular nodal refractoriness and atrial latency. By altering atrial
      refractoriness and intra-atrial conduction time current strength affects the
      prematurity of the atrial impulse and the time at which it reaches the
      atrioventricular node. These findings should be taken into account when
      diagnostic and therapeutic electrophysiological procedures are performed.

PMID- 3708643
TI  - Effect of sotalol on human atrial action potential duration and refractoriness:
      cycle length dependency of class III activity.
AB  - Using intracardiac electrophysiological techniques the effects of sotalol
      hydrochloride were studied in the right atrium in eight patients with paroxysmal
      supraventricular atrial arrhythmias. Atrial action potential duration was
      recorded from two well separated standard sites via endocardial contact
      electrodes before and for 30 minutes after intravenous sotalol (1 mg X kg-1).
      Atrial effective refractory period and vulnerability to atrial arrhythmia
      initiation were assessed by premature extrastimulation. All patients developed a
      prolonged action potential duration (mean +6%, p less than 0.01 in high atrial
      site; +8%, p less than 0.01 in low atrial site), with similar increases in atrial
      effective refractory period (mean +9%, p less than 0.01). The small regional
      difference in action potential duration detected between these well separated
      recording sites was minimally decreased, indicating no tendency towards increased
      regional inhomogeneity of repolarisation. The relatively refractory zone as
      denoted by the gap between atrial effective refractory period and action
      potential duration was slightly reduced, and transient repetitive atrial
      depolarisations, initially provoked by extrastimuli in two patients, were
      abolished. The relation between atrial interval and duration, investigated using
      two modes of paced cycle length modification, showed that a gradual reduction in
      pacing cycle length was more potent in shortening action potential duration than
      was isolated premature extrastimulation. Sotalol was significantly more effective
      in opposing shortening of the action potential duration caused by progressive
      cycle length reduction than that caused by isolated extrastimulation. The class
      III antiarrhythmic activity of sotalol, confirmed in the atrium, is dependent on
      cycle length and mode of cycle length alteration. Under study conditions, there
      was no tendency to increase atrial vulnerability or regional non-uniformity of
      repolarisation.

PMID- 3708644
TI  - Evolution of vectorcardiographic QRS changes during myocardial infarction in dogs
      and their relation to infarct size.
AB  - The ability of vectorcardiographic QRS changes to quantify myocardial ischaemia
      and necrosis in dogs was studied. Myocardial infarction was produced in 21
      anaesthetised dogs by inflating a balloon inserted into the right, left anterior
      descending, or left circumflex coronary artery. A Frank vectorcardiogram was
      recorded before and every 15-30 minutes for 10 hours after the occlusion. ST
      vector magnitude (ST-VM), QRS summation vectors, and QRS integral differences
      (QRS-VD) between the preocclusion recording and subsequent recordings were
      computed. Twenty four hours after occlusion two vectorcardiograms were obtained,
      the hearts removed, and the infarcts cut out and weighed. Four dogs were excluded
      from the study because of persistent arrhythmias, major conduction defects, or
      sudden death. In the remaining 17 dogs the QRS summation vectors rotated
      maximally towards the site of infarction 7 minutes after occlusion corresponding
      to a median minimum QRS-VD of -19 (range -2 to -29) microVs. This coincided with
      the maximum ST-VM, median 0.43 (range 0.12-0.68) mV. The QRS summation vectors
      subsequently rotated away from the infarct producing a median maximum QRS-VD of
      20 (range 6-28) microVs. The maximum QRS-VD correlated significantly with the
      percentage of infarcted myocardium (r = 0.82). The correlation between the early
      minimum QRS-VD and the maximum ST-VM was r = 0.83. The QRS-VD was recomputed with
      a reference taken 2 or 4 hours after occlusion. The relation between maximum QRS
      VD and infarct percentage was not significantly changed with the reference at 2
      hours, but with the reference at 4 hours the ability to predict infarct size was
      lost.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3708645
TI  - Effects of acidosis on force-sarcomere length and force-velocity relations of rat
      cardiac muscle.
AB  - The effect of hypercapnic acidosis was compared with that of lowering
      extracellular calcium concentration ([Ca++]o) in rat cardiac trabeculae. The
      relations between force and sarcomere length and between force and velocity were
      studied. Sarcomere length was measured by means of laser diffraction techniques
      and sarcomere shortening velocity by means of isovelocity releases. The curve
      representing the relation between force and sarcomere length shifted from convex
      towards the ordinate (pH 7.35) to convex towards the abscissa (pH 6.68) as after
      [Ca++]o had been reduced from 1.5 to 0.3 mmol X litre-1. Increasing [Ca++]o at
      low pH from 1.5 to 4.0 mmol X litre-1 allowed the shape of the relation to be
      restored, but force values failed to return to control values. The relation
      between force and pH over the range 6.22-7.94 was also tested. During steady low
      pH maximum unloaded sarcomere shortening velocity was not significantly different
      from control values whereas it was decreased at low [Ca++]o. Under both
      conditions maximum isometric tension (Po) was reduced. The results are consistent
      with the hypothesis that H+ ions cause a shift of the force-p Ca curve to the
      right at all sarcomere lengths, as a result of competition between Ca++ and H+
      ions for binding to the myofilaments.

PMID- 3708646
TI  - Arterial response to venous occlusion in normotensive and hypertensive subjects.
AB  - Plethysmographic blood flow records made shortly after venous occlusion of the
      forearm showed a biphasic response, first vasodilator then vasoconstrictor, in
      both normotensive and hypertensive subjects. The vasodilator component of this
      response was significantly lower in hypertensive than in normotensive subjects,
      whereas the vasoconstrictor component was identical. The decreased vasodilator
      capacity of the forearm resistance vessels in hypertension may indicate
      structural adaptation of these vessels, while the unaltered vasoconstrictor
      response is against any increased myogenic activity in the vascular smooth muscle
      in hypertensive subjects.

PMID- 3708647
TI  - Effect of hypercapnia on coronary circulation.
AB  - The relative importance of hypercapnia in the control of coronary circulation was
      examined in 42 anaesthetised open chest rabbits. Coronary blood flow was
      determined with 15 micron radioactive microspheres. When mean (SD) Paco2 was
      increased from 38(10) to 76(16) mm Hg in six rabbits, the hypercapnia caused a
      62% increase in coronary blood flow. When a similar degree of metabolic acidosis
      was induced in 12 rabbits for either 15 or 60 min, no changes in coronary blood
      flow occurred. No increases in coronary blood flow occurred during hypercapnia
      with propranolol, 2 mg/kg (n = 12), with or without atrial pacing to maintain
      heart rate. Similarly, carotid denervation prevented the carbon dioxide induced
      increase in coronary blood flow in six rabbits. Haemodiluted rabbits (n = 6) with
      a 40% replacement of blood showed no changes in coronary blood flow with
      hypercapnia. This was due to the 22% decrease in systolic pressure-time index,
      despite their intact sympathetic nervous system and reduced Bohr shift.
      Therefore, although carbon dioxide is a coronary vasodilator, both direct
      vasodilatation and sympathetic adrenergic activation must be intact in order for
      coronary blood flow to be increased.

PMID- 3708648
TI  - How to quantify an arterial stenosis: a study on the femoral arteries of dog and
      man.
AB  - The blood supply to the femoral bed was studied in anaesthetised dogs before and
      after producing arterial stenoses. The blood supply system consisted of the
      vessels proximal to the site of measurement in the femoral artery and was
      characterised by a supply graph, which related mean perfusion pressure to mean
      flow. The different pressures and flows were obtained using an artificial
      periphery, the impedance of which was changed from beat to beat. The supply graph
      was approximated by a parabola with two parameters: the intercepts with the
      pressure and flow axes, the latter indicating the maximum mean flow. For constant
      aortic pressure the maximum mean flow appeared to be linearly related to the
      cross sectional area of the stenosed section (r = 0.98). Maximum mean flow was
      already considerably reduced before the stenosis became critical--that is, before
      physiological flow was measurably diminished. The change in maximum mean flow was
      therefore used to quantify the haemodynamic effects of stenoses that were less
      than critical. Blood supply graphs of the superficial femoral arteries were
      determined also in seven patients undergoing a femoropopliteal bypass operation.
      The maximum mean flow correlated well with the degree of obstruction determined
      from the preoperative angiograms (r = 0.90).

PMID- 3708649
TI  - Comparison of the effects of the ionophore salinomycin and adrenaline on the
      haemodynamics and work efficiency of the dog heart.
AB  - The positive inotropic, chronotropic, pressor, and coronary vasodilative effects
      of infused adrenaline (1 microgram X kg-1 X min-1) were compared with those of an
      intravenous injection of the carboxylic ionophore salinomycin (150 micrograms X
      kg-1) in 10 dogs anaesthetised with pentobarbital. At doses normalised to produce
      a doubling of left ventricular dP/dtmax both drugs produced pronounced increases
      in blood pressure, cardiac output, and plasma catecholamine concentration and a
      small increase in heart rate. After 10 minutes of adrenaline infusion coronary
      artery blood flow doubled whereas salinomycin produced a sixfold increase,
      reflecting its specific coronary vasodilative properties. The increases in
      cardiac output and pressor, chronotropic, and inotropic actions of salinomycin
      were related to the release of endogenous catecholamines into the plasma by the
      ionophore, whereas the increase in coronary blood flow indicated a non-adrenergic
      relaxation of the coronary blood vessels. Calculated values of left ventricular
      hydraulic work appreciably increased with both drugs, but left ventricular oxygen
      consumption was much higher during adrenaline infusion than the peak effect
      obtained with salinomycin. Accordingly, the mechanical efficiency of the left
      ventricle was slightly decreased by adrenaline and doubled by salinomycin.
      Because of its favourable haemodynamic profile, salinomycin has potential as a
      drug for increasing cardiac output, blood pressure, and left ventricular force of
      contraction and for improving the myocardial blood perfusion and mechanical
      efficiency of the heart.

PMID- 3708650
TI  - Intracellular and extracellular recordings of sinus node activity: comparison
      with estimated sinoatrial conduction times during pacemaker shifts in rabbit
      heart.
AB  - Sinoatrial conduction times, estimated by premature atrial stimulation, were
      compared with direct measurement of the sinoatrial conduction time in 15 isolated
      rabbit sinus node preparations before and after intrasinusal pacemaker shifts
      induced by cooling. Transmembrane potentials and surface electrograms were
      recorded from the sinus node and crista terminalis. Extracellular sinus node
      activity was recorded in five preparations. Mapping was performed at 38 degrees C
      and 35 degrees C to determine the site of the dominant pacemaker. The sinus cycle
      was significantly longer at 35 degrees C (319.4 ms vs 258.1 ms). Intracellular
      measured conduction time was significantly shorter (63.8 ms vs 70.4 ms) because
      of caudal shift of the dominant pacemaker. Estimated sinoatrial conduction time
      was significantly longer (110.3 ms vs 85.4 ms) owing to the depression of
      automaticity by the extrastimulus. Extracellular measured conduction time did not
      differ significantly from intracellular measured conduction time. These results
      suggest that intrasinusal pacemaker shift may explain inaccuracies in indirect
      estimations of sinoatrial conduction time by atrial pacing techniques.
      Extracellular recordings appear to be a better method of evaluating sinoatrial
      conduction times.

PMID- 3708651
TI  - Role of ATP in the maintenance of action potential configuration of the isolated
      working rat heart.
AB  - The relation between action potential configuration and myocardial adenosine
      triphosphate (ATP) concentration was analysed in isolated low and high work rat
      heart preparations. Glucose used as sole substrate could not provide total energy
      production when the isolated hearts performed high work. This may explain the
      decrease in action potential duration and plateau amplitude (phases 2 and 3) that
      occurred concomitantly with a low total myocardial ATP concentration. When atrial
      perfusion was changed to the retrograde mode, however, the action potential
      configuration was restored without an increase in the global myocardial ATP
      concentration. Pyruvate used as substrate instead of glucose enhanced ATP
      production by mitochondrial oxidation and partly restored the action potential
      modifications (principally phase 2). Adenosine added to glucose in the perfusate
      or infused in situ (before heart isolation and perfusion) enhanced ATP production
      by the adenine nucleotide salvage pathway and provided a protective effect for
      phase 2 and 3 action potential variables. The results using glucose as perfusate
      showed that there was no correlation between global ATP concentration and
      myocardial electrical activity. An analysis of the other results suggests that
      the primary problem in the working heart preparation is that the myocardium is in
      a state of relative hypoxia or ischaemia and that adenosine merely acts as a
      coronary vasodilator to improve myocardial oxygen delivery.

PMID- 3708652
TI  - Increased mortality rate in diabetic rats submitted to acute experimental
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - Diabetes mellitus is well known to increase the death rate after acute myocardial
      infarction in humans. The mechanisms of this adverse effect of diabetes, however,
      remain unknown. In the present study an animal model was developed in which the
      influence of diabetes on the survival rate after acute myocardial infarction
      could be studied in more detail. Male Wistar rats were rendered diabetic with
      streptozotocin (45 mg X kg-1 intravenously) and kept in the study if one week
      later their tail blood glucose concentration was between 13.9 and 22.2 mmol X
      litre-1 after a four hour fast. Ten weeks later they underwent acute left
      coronary artery ligation. In comparison with control rats (n = 30), diabetic rats
      (n = 32) had a higher mortality in the first 20 minutes after acute coronary
      artery ligation (78% vs 53%; p less than 0.05 by chi 2 test). Creatine kinase-MB
      isoenzyme activity tended to increase less in surviving diabetic rats than in
      their non-diabetic counterparts. Moreover, blood samples collected a few minutes
      before the surgical procedure showed that diabetic rats dying within the first 20
      minutes (n = 25) had higher mean (SEM) plasma glucose concentrations (26.9(0.5)
      vs 23.4(1.2) mmol X litre-1; p less than 0.01) and lower mean(SEM) plasma insulin
      concentrations (20(1) vs 26(2) mU X litre-1; p less than 0.05) than those (n = 7)
      that survived that critical period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3708653
TI  - Magnitude of myocardial potassium changes during acute alterations in pacing
      frequency in the in situ pig heart.
AB  - A transient loss of potassium from cardiac tissue during increments in
      stimulation frequency has been found in different isolated preparations, but
      there is no agreement as to the magnitude and time course of this loss. In the
      present study myocardial potassium balance was determined during changes in heart
      rate in pigs with an intact circulation. The left azygos vein, which drains into
      the coronary sinus in this species, was cannulated and a shuntline to the right
      atrium established. Coronary sinus blood was thus continuously drawn from the
      shunt by a pump, without admixture of systemic venous blood, and myocardial
      release and uptake of potassium were determined before, during, and after periods
      of pacing tachycardia. A transient mean(SEM) loss of potassium (13.0(5.6) mumol X
      100 g-1 or about 0.25 mumol per beat change in heart rate) occurred during the
      first 90 s after increasing heart rate by a mean(SEM) of 53(4) beats X min-1. By
      discontinuing pacing heart rate returned to control values (mean(SEM) -43(7)
      beats X min-1), and myocardial potassium uptake ensued (mean(SEM) 9.8(3.3) mumol
      X 100 g-1 or 0.23 mumol per beat change in heart rate). The peak changes in
      coronary sinus potassium concentrations occurred 30 s after heart rate). The
      potassium lost during the periods of pacing tachycardia represented only about
      0.2% of total myocardial potassium, equivalent to a reduction in intracellular
      potassium concentration of 0.3 mmol X litre-1. Since intracellular sodium and
      calcium concentrations are closely linked to the potassium concentration, the
      observed changes in potassium concentrations, although small, may be related to
      the positive inotropic effect of pacing tachycardia (the positive staircase
      phenomenon).

PMID- 3708654
TI  - Effect of atherosclerosis on the responsiveness of the rapidly acting arterial
      pressure control system in WHHL rabbits.
AB  - The open loop gain of the rapidly acting arterial pressure control system was
      estimated in 15 Watanabe heritable hyperlipidaemic (WHHL) rabbits aged 3-31
      months. Twenty five normal Japanese white rabbits, aged 6-30 months, were used as
      controls. After being anaesthetised by an intravenous injection of pentobarbital
      sodium, the rabbits were bled by 2 ml X kg-1 body weight within 1-2 s through a
      catheter inserted into the aortic arch. The arterial pressure change after this
      rapid haemorrhage was recorded for more than 2 min by a catheter placed in the
      aortic arch. The open loop gain was calculated as (delta API/delta APS)-1, where
      delta API was the immediate fall and delta APS the steady state fall. The pulse
      pressure, delta API, and delta APS increased and the open loop gain decreased
      with age in the WHHL rabbits, but the mean arterial pressure did not change
      significantly with age. After aortic denervation the open loop gain also
      decreased with age in the WHHL rabbits. These results indicate that the progress
      of atherosclerosis with aging in the Watanabe heritable hyperlipidaemic rabbit
      decreases the vascular compliance and impairs the arterial pressure restoring
      function of the rapidly acting arterial pressure control system.

PMID- 3708655
TI  - Comparison of epicardial and body surface ECG potentials in man.
AB  - Simultaneously measured epicardial electrograms and body surface
      electrocardiograms in human subjects were compared. Unipolar electrograms were
      recorded from up to three epicardial sites in each of 21 patients one week after
      aortocoronary bypass surgery. Simultaneously, electrocardiograms were recorded
      from 37 body surface electrodes. The epicardial electrograms from ventricular
      sites correlated well during the QRS complex with body surface electrocardiograms
      at geometrically similar positions. In particular, most posterior epicardial
      sites correlated best with posterior body surface regions, contrary to model
      predictions. P waves recorded from the right atrial surface showed a sharp
      negative deflection not evident in body surface P waves. A large intersubject
      variation was evident when the magnitude of epicardial potentials was compared
      with the body surface potentials. The findings are relevant to the interpretation
      of surface maps, the estimation of epicardial potentials from surface maps, and
      the positioning of body surface electrodes.

PMID- 3708656
TI  - Further characterisation of the inotropic effect of a bufodienolide glycoside--an
      endogenous ouabain like compound.
AB  - A ouabain like compound obtained from toad skin and plasma and identified to be a
      steroidal bufodienolide glycoside was found to displace ouabain from its binding
      site and to inhibit Na+-K+ ATPase, and have positive inotropic effects on cardiac
      muscle. The ionic and rate dependence of this positive inotropy was studied in
      the frog atrium. The effect was dependent on extracellular potassium, sodium, and
      calcium concentrations and on the rate of stimulation, which is similar to the
      properties of cardiac glycosides. Occasionally, the compound gave transient or
      even negative inotropic responses, as do the glycosides. The action potential
      configuration was also affected by the compound in the same complex pattern as is
      that of cardiac glycosides. It is concluded that the endogenous bufodienolide
      compound has the same physiological effects as cardiac glycosides. Since the same
      compound is present in toad plasma it may serve as an intrinsic humoral regulator
      of cardiac contractility. This study is the first detailed characterisation of
      the cardioactive properties of this compound.

PMID- 3708657
TI  - Longterm effects of sodium butyrate on mouse fibroblasts: a model for
      differentiation?

PMID- 3708658
TI  - Histochemical aspects of the development of cutaneous appendages in fetal porcine
      skin.

PMID- 3708659
TI  - Characterization of muscle fibre types from avian Mm. coracobrachialis anterior
      and deltoideus minor.

PMID- 3708660
TI  - The effects of three polar organic solvents on capping of surface immunoglobulin
      of mouse lymphocytes.

PMID- 3708661
TI  - Effects of hypertonic medium on human cell growth--I. Feulgen-DNA content and
      chromosome number in EUE cells.

PMID- 3708662
TI  - Glyoxalase activity in quiescent and proliferating human fibroblasts.

PMID- 3708663
TI  - [Proliferative cycle of metastatic tumor cells in pleural and abdominal effusions
      in man (study of 25 cases)].

PMID- 3708664
TI  - [Sports traumatology].

PMID- 3708665
TI  - [Stress fractures].

PMID- 3708666
TI  - [Injuries of the fibular ligaments of the talar joint and their treatment].

PMID- 3708667
TI  - [Injuries of the ligaments of the knee joint].

PMID- 3708668
TI  - [Enthesiopathy in athletes].

PMID- 3708669
TI  - [Medical science in the National Plan for Basic Research within the 8th 5-year
      plan].

PMID- 3708670
TI  - [Obesity as a variable risk factor in ischemic heart disease. Findings from a 10
      year epidemiologic study of ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 3708671
TI  - [Circulatory stress responses in middle-age and manifestations of essential
      hypertension].

PMID- 3708672
TI  - [The effect of long-term hypolipemic treatment with bezafibrate on the
      lithogenesis of bile in persons with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia].

PMID- 3708673
TI  - [Aortic arch syndrome].

PMID- 3708674
TI  - [Trends in oncologic research].

PMID- 3708675
TI  - [Present state and perspectives of hypoxyradiotherapy].

PMID- 3708676
TI  - [Evaluation of prognostic factors in Hodgkin's disease. Experience of the
      comprehensive rationale team in treating patients with Hodgkin's disease].

PMID- 3708677
TI  - TPP+ inhibits Na+-stimulated Ca2+ efflux from brain mitochondria.
AB  - Tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP+) inhibits Na+-stimulated Ca2+ efflux from brain
      mitochondria. Half inhibition is observed when 1.10(-8)M TPP+ is present in the
      medium. Some other lipophylic cations show similar effect. TPP+ must be used
      carefully for measuring transmembrane potential because of its effects on the
      system studied. TPP+ will be a useful tool to study Ca-transport system in
      mitochondria.

PMID- 3708678
TI  - Platypnea-orthodeoxia: assessment with a unique cardiac catheterization
      procedure.
AB  - A case of platypnea-orthodeoxia (orthostatic dyspnea and arterial desaturation)
      secondary to a patent foramen ovale in the absence of primary disease is
      presented. This case illustrates the use of recumbent and upright cardiac
      catheterization techniques for precise evaluation of the hemodynamic abnormality
      in this disorder.

PMID- 3708679
TI  - Detection of atrial septal defect by contrast-enhanced ultrafast computed
      tomography.
AB  - A 53-year-old man with previous surgically corrected pulmonic valve stenosis was
      evaluated for central cyanosis. A right-to-left shunt at the atrial level was
      diagnosed by contrast-enhanced ultrafast computed tomography. Cardiac
      catheterization confirmed the CT findings and provided quantitation of the shunt.

PMID- 3708680
TI  - Torsades de Pointes immediately following right coronary arteriography.
AB  - Selective coronary angiography with ionic contrast agents produces delayed
      myocardial repolarization with prolongation of the QTc interval on EKG. Torsade
      de Pointes, an unusual polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, has been causally
      linked to delayed myocardial repolarization. We present a case of Torsade de
      Pointes resulting from selective right coronary arteriography.

PMID- 3708681
TI  - Partial left anomalous pulmonary venous return: a diagnostic dilemma.
AB  - Two adults were seen with left partial anomalous pulmonary venous return with
      intact atrial septum. Both cases had remained undiagnosed despite medical
      attention since childhood, including previous cardiac catheterization in one
      patient. Noninvasive tests, indocyanine green dye injections, pulmonary artery
      angiography, and venous sampling for oximetry high in the superior vena cava
      above the entry of the innominate vein will help establish the diagnosis of this
      disorder.

PMID- 3708682
TI  - A new catheter design for use in patients with critical aortic stenosis.
AB  - A new catheter that facilitates catheterization in patients with severe aortic
      stenosis is described. The catheter design is capable of high-pressure injections
      for left ventriculography, but it maintains maneuverability and has an end hole
      for use with a guide wire in traversing tightly stenotic valves. Experience with
      this catheter in 23 patients confirmed that good-quality ventriculograms are
      obtained after left ventricular entry. Twenty-two of 23 patients with aortic
      stenosis were studied entirely with this catheter; in only one case were attempts
      to cross the valve unsuccessful, both with this and other catheters. In
      conclusion, this new catheter is recommended for routine use in patients with
      suspected severe aortic stenosis.

PMID- 3708683
TI  - (Percutaneous) retrograde left ventricular catheterization in aortic valve
      stenosis.

PMID- 3708684
TI  - Characterization of left ventricular chamber distortion: alterations in cavity
      shape and orientation in mitral stenosis.
AB  - Distortion of the left ventricular (LV) chamber silhouette was identified in 28
      patients with mitral stenosis (MS) by disparity between normally identical
      chamber volumes calculated independently from the frontal (AP) and lateral (LAT)
      views of biplane cineangiograms (AP end diastolic volume 157.8 +/- 10.0 ml, LAT
      end diastolic volume 115.6 +/- 7.2 ml, p less than .001). Similar systematic
      disparity was observed in estimates of end systolic volume in these views. While
      no directional difference in ejection fraction was found, identical (+/- 10%) AP
      and LAT measurements were obtained in only 36% of patients, indicating poor
      reproducibility of the estimate of LV function between single radiographic views.
      A technique was also devised for determining the spatial orientation of the LV
      long axis (mid mitral valve to apex) from biplane cineangiograms; this axis was
      shown to intercept the frontal plane at an angle of 50.9 +/- 2.4 degrees in 12
      subjects with normal LV anatomy and 36.1 +/- 4.5 degrees in seven patients with
      MS, indicating that the long axis was rotated posteriorly toward alignment with
      the frontal plane in the latter group. The presence and magnitude of LV chamber
      distortion was clearly related to the degree of angiographically estimated right
      ventricular dilatation. Implications of these observations, particularly with
      reference to the estimation of single plane LV volume characteristics in patients
      with MS, are discussed.

PMID- 3708685
TI  - Cell-cycle regulation of histone gene expression.

PMID- 3708686
TI  - Sites of microtubule assembly and disassembly in the mitotic spindle.
AB  - We have microinjected biotinylated tubulin into mitotic fibroblast cells to
      identify the sites in the spindle at which new subunits are incorporated into
      microtubules (MTs). Labeled subunits were visualized in the electron microscope
      using an antibody to biotin followed by a secondary antibody coupled to colloidal
      gold. Astral MTs incorporate labeled subunits very rapidly by elongation of
      existing MTs and by new nucleation from the centrosome. At a slower rate,
      kinetochore MTs incorporate subunits at the kinetochore progressively during
      metaphase, suggesting a slow poleward flux of subunits in the kinetochore fiber.
      When cells injected in metaphase were examined in anaphase, a significant
      fraction of kinetochore MTs was unlabeled, suggesting that depolymerization had
      occurred at the kinetochore concomitant with chromosome to pole movement. The
      existence of opposite fluxes at the kinetochore during metaphase and anaphase
      suggests that two separate forces are responsible for chromosome congression and
      anaphase movement.

PMID- 3708687
TI  - Tomato golden mosaic virus A component DNA replicates autonomously in transgenic
      plants.
AB  - Phenotypically normal petunia plants carrying chromosomal inserts of either the
      tomato golden mosaic virus (TGMV) A or the B component DNA, as single or tandem
      inserts, were obtained using an Agrobacterium tumefaciens Ti plasmid-based
      transformation system. Southern hybridization analysis revealed that the tandem,
      direct-repeat A plants contained free single and double stranded A component
      DNAs. No free B component DNA was detected in plants carrying tandem repeats of
      the B component. Progeny of self-fertilized plants appeared normal. In contrast,
      one-quarter of the progeny from tandem A by tandem B plant crosses showed
      chlorotic lesions on their leaves similar to virus symptoms. The significance of
      these results and the use of this method for the study of virus functions
      involved in TGMV replication and symptom production are discussed.

PMID- 3708688
TI  - The human beta-interferon gene enhancer is under negative control.
AB  - The human beta-interferon gene is regulated by an inducible enhancer element.
      Analysis of the effect of deletions within this element on beta-interferon
      transcription indicates that this enhancer is under negative control. Deletion of
      sequences from the 3' end of the enhancer leads to a dramatic increase in the
      basal level of beta-interferon mRNA and a decrease in the induction ratio. The
      remaining 5' region of the enhancer can act as a strong constitutive
      transcription element, and it shares considerable homology with sequences known
      to be required for the activity of constitutive viral enhancers. We conclude that
      the beta-interferon enhancer consists of a constitutive transcription element and
      a negative regulatory sequence that prevents enhancer activity prior to
      induction. Thus, derepression of a constitutive transcription element appears to
      play a key role in the control of human beta-interferon gene expression.

PMID- 3708689
TI  - Detection of factors that interact with the human beta-interferon regulatory
      region in vivo by DNAase I footprinting.
AB  - We have used a DNAase I genomic footprinting procedure to detect interactions
      between cellular factors and the regulatory sequences of the human beta
      interferon gene. Prior to induction with poly(I)-poly(C), factors that bind to
      DNA are detected in one region located between -94 and -167 from the mRNA cap
      site, and in another region located between -68 and -38. After induction these
      factors dissociate and another factor binds to a region located between -77 and 
      64. Correlation of these footprints with the effects of deletions in the
      regulatory region of the beta-interferon gene (accompanying paper) suggest that
      the factors that bind prior to induction are repressor molecules, while the
      component that binds after induction is a transcription factor. Dissociation of
      the repressor molecules from the DNA after induction may allow the transcription
      factor to bind to and activate the beta-interferon promoter. Thus, the beta
      interferon gene may be controlled by a negative regulatory mechanism.

PMID- 3708690
TI  - Protein kinase C activation by diacylglycerol second messengers.

PMID- 3708692
TI  - Human rRNA transcription is modulated by the coordinate binding of two factors to
      an upstream control element.
AB  - The human rRNA promoter contains two distinct cis-control sequences, the core and
      upstream control element (UCE), that serve as the target for binding cellular
      trans-activating proteins involved in transcription initiation by RNA polymerase
      I. One of these factors, SL1, has been extensively purified and shown to be a
      species-specific factor required to reconstitute in vitro RNA synthesis. DNAase
      footprinting revealed that although SL1 alone does not bind specifically to rRNA
      promoter sequences, a second factor, UBF1, recruits SL1 to the template and
      directs binding to an extended region encompassing sequences in the UCE. Analysis
      of mutant and human-mouse hybrid promoters indicate that protein-DNA interactions
      at the UCE modulate the efficiency of rRNA synthesis. Transcription from the
      human rRNA promoter appears to require an unusual set of protein-DNA transactions
      in which recognition and binding to an upstream cis-control element is carried
      out by one factor (UBF1), whereas activation requires an additional factor, SL1,
      acting in conjunction with UBF1 to trigger transcription.

PMID- 3708691
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a new cellular oncogene encoding a protein with
      multiple potential transmembrane domains.
AB  - We have cloned and sequenced a new human oncogene and have named it mas. This
      oncogene was detected by its tumorigenicity in nude mice using the cotransfection
      and tumorigenicity assay previously described. The mas oncogene has a weak focus
      inducing activity in transfected NIH 3T3 cells. A DNA rearrangement in the 5'
      noncoding sequence, which occurred during transfection, is probably responsible
      for activation of the mas gene. The cDNA sequence of the mas oncogene reveals a
      long open reading frame that codes for a 325 amino acid protein. This protein is
      very hydrophobic and has seven potential transmembrane domains. In this respect,
      the structure of the mas protein is novel among cellular oncogene products and
      may reflect a new functional class of oncogenes.

PMID- 3708693
TI  - Restriction of cloning potential in agarose of early chick embryonic cells as
      development progresses.
AB  - Early chick embryonic cells, prior to the formation of the primitive streak, form
      colonies when cultured in soft agarose [Mitrani, E.: Exp. Cell Res. 152, 148-153
      (1984)]. The present work is an attempt to determine at which stages of
      development this ability is expressed and which areas of the chick embryo harbour
      the colony-forming cells. We found that the capacity to form colonies decreases
      as development progresses and cells enter alternative differentiation pathways.
      At pre-primitive streak stages, the capacity is concentrated to the peripheral
      areas of the embryo and decreases towards the centre. With the onset of hypoblast
      formation only cells from Area Opaca and, to a lesser degree, the Marginal Zone,
      can form colonies in agarose. At post-primitive streak stages only extra
      embryonic cells can form colonies in agarose. By 48 h of incubation all cells of
      the chick blastoderm seem to have lost the capacity to form colonies in agarose.

PMID- 3708694
TI  - Amplification of nuclear DNA sequences during induced plant cell
      dedifferentiation.
AB  - Cell dedifferentiation has been induced in Vicia faba roots by removing the whole
      meristem (decapitation). When centrifuged to equilibrium in CsCl density
      gradient, the DNA from dedifferentiating tissues forms a heavier satellite, not
      occurring in the DNA from differentiated tissues. Most of the radioactivity after
      [3H]thymidine feeding is found in the satellite DNA. Its sequences have a well
      defined nuclear localization, as shown by in situ hybridization experiments.
      These results indicate amplification of G + C-rich nuclear DNA sequences during
      cell dedifferentiation.

PMID- 3708695
TI  - Observations on the mitochondrial distribution in normal, rotated and cold
      treated 2-cell stage embryos of Xenopus laevis.
AB  - The distribution of mitochondrial profiles at the level of the frontal plane
      dividing dorsal and ventral halves of the Xenopus 2-cell stage embryo was
      studied. It was found that the mitochondria are distributed asymmetrically in the
      two embryo sides which appear non-equivalent in terms of mitochondrial density.
      Egg rotation experiments indicated that the observed asymmetry is coupled with
      sidedness and essential to it. Cold shock of the eggs resulted in a disturbed
      mitochondrial distribution, suggesting involvement of cytoskeletal elements. In
      cold-treated eggs, the most impressive changes were in the animal and vegetal
      areas where a 3-4-fold inversion of mitochondrial density was found. The results
      are discussed taking into consideration the involvement of cytoskeleton in
      cytoplasmic rearrangements in various cell types and the effect that cleavage has
      on the segregation of cytoplasmic contents in the embryos of many species.

PMID- 3708697
TI  - Differential growth of sensory neurons in vitro in presence of dermis and
      epidermis. A quantitative time-lapse analysis.
AB  - The influence of dermal and epidermal cells on the growth of nerve fibres from
      chick embryo sensory neurons was investigated in vitro. A previous quantitative
      analysis showed that the growth of nerve fibres is profoundly modified in the
      close vicinity of epidermis. This change is mainly characterized by erratic
      trajectories of nerve fibres resulting from numerous lateral displacements of the
      growth cones. In contrast, no such behaviour is observed far away from the
      epidermis or in the presence of dermis. In this latter case, neurites exhibit a
      straighter direction of extension. These observations suggest that the epidermis
      exerts some kind of control on the establishment of nerve fibre pattern in the
      dermis.

PMID- 3708696
TI  - Enhancement of expression of lens phenotype in cultures of pigmented epithelial
      cells by hyaluronidase in the presence of phenylthiourea.
AB  - Pigmented epithelial cells isolated from 8-9-day-old chick embryos can
      transdifferentiate into lens-like cells at the terminal period of the third
      generation of culture. However, efficiency of this transdifferentiation is
      usually rather low. Phenylthiourea, a potent inhibitor of melanin synthesis,
      effectively enhances transdifferentiation of pigmented epithelial cells into lens
      like cells in vitro. Lentoid bodies began to appear in the multilayered region of
      primary cultures of pigmented epithelial cells maintained in medium containing
      phenylthiourea at concentrations between 0.5 and 1.0 mM. Furthermore, the
      enhancing effect of phenylthiourea can be amplified with testicular
      hyaluronidase. Under these conditions, pigmented epithelial cells grow vigorously
      and lose their differentiative properties, efficiently switching their phenotype
      into lens-like cells some 20 days after initiation of culture in the presence of
      both substances. Semiquantitative analysis revealed that testicular hyaluronidase
      amplified the effect of phenylthiourea more than 100-fold. It has been suggested
      that phenotypic expression of pigmented epithelial cells during
      transdifferentiation can be regulated by manipulating the microenvironment in
      which these cells reside.

PMID- 3708698
TI  - Dental papilla cells in culture. Comparison of morphology, growth and collagen
      synthesis with two other dental-related embryonic mesenchymal cell populations.
AB  - The dental papilla is a mesenchymal cell condensation which plays an important
      regulatory role during tooth development. Dental papilla mesenchymes were
      enzymatically separated from the dental epithelia from tooth germs of 17-day-old
      mouse embryos and disaggregated for monolayer culture. These cells were compared
      with gingival mesenchyme overlying the same tooth germs and with undifferentiated
      jaw mesenchyme from mandibles of 11-day-old embryos. The dental papilla cells
      were large and flat with numerous cell processes, whereas the gingival cells
      resembled typical spindle-shaped fibroblasts and grew to a higher cell density.
      Although the two mesenchymes differ in their collagen contents in vivo, no
      differences were detected either in the amount or type of collagen synthesized in
      vitro. Type I and III collagens were found in the culture media and type V
      collagen in the cell layer of both cell populations. The mandibular mesenchymal
      cells of the younger embryos resembled the dental papilla cells in morphology and
      growth rate. This may reflect retention of undifferentiated embryonic
      characteristics in the dental papilla. The successful culture of dental papilla
      cells now enables subsequent studies on the cellular properties related to the
      unique morphogenetic capabilities of these cells.

PMID- 3708699
TI  - Cyclic amines are selective cytotoxic agents for pigmented cells.
AB  - We have shown that morpholine, a cyclic amine, exerts a selective inhibition of
      growth on melanocytic pigmented cell lines compared to nonpigmented cells. The
      ID50 of morpholine for the pigmented B-16 cell line HFH was 1200 micrograms/ml,
      compared to values greater than 2400 micrograms/ml for baby hamster kidney,
      Chinese hamster ovary and NP, an unpigmented primate cell line. Two other cyclic
      amines piperazine and piperidine, were similarly found to be selectively toxic to
      melanocytes. This selective toxicity could be synergistically enhanced by
      pretreatment of the cells with theophylline, a stimulator of tyrosinase activity,
      which indicates that the selective toxicity may be associated with melanin
      synthesis. Low passage HFH, high passage HFH and Syrian hamster melanoma RPMI
      1846 cells that were pretreated with theophylline showed between 13 and 29%
      greater toxicity compared to controls treated with theophylline or morpholine
      alone. Unpigmented NP primate cells, Chinese hamster ovary and mouse fibroblast
      L929 remained unaffected. These cyclic amines join a list of other amines that
      have also been shown to be melanocytotoxic.

PMID- 3708700
TI  - Isolation and characterization of lectin-resistant mouse cell lines defective in
      their ability to yield hybrid cells.
AB  - Lectin-resistant variants of the mouse mammary tumor cell line FM3A in suspension
      were isolated after multiple-step selection using toxic concentrations of
      phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A). In fusion experiments, both
      PHA- and Con A-resistant lines were found to have lost the ability to yield
      hybrids with suspension-grown cells, although they were capable of yielding
      hybrids with monolayer-grown cells. This phenotype of PHA-resistant lines was
      stable during a long period of culture in the absence of PHA.

PMID- 3708701
TI  - Three-parameter flow cytometric characterization of rat liver nuclear matrix.

PMID- 3708702
TI  - Collagen concentration as a significant variable for growth and morphology of
      mouse mammary parenchyma in collagen matrix culture.
AB  - Multicellular organoids of mouse mammary epithelium were established in culture
      either upon or within collagen matrices of various concentrations. Growth and
      tubule morphogenesis within the matrices were dependent upon the concentration of
      collagen, both being maximal in gels composed of 2 mg collagen/ml gel. Growth was
      more extensive in cultures established in gel than on gel especially at
      intermediate concentrations of collagen, with cell growth on gel seemingly
      independent of collagen concentration. Our results demonstrate that local
      collagen concentration can significantly affect epithelial cell growth and
      morphology.

PMID- 3708703
TI  - Incorporation and turnover of labeled exogenous tubulin in the mitotic spindles
      of Chaetopterus oocytes and HeLa cells.
AB  - The incorporation of tubulin into mitotic spindles in situ was studied by
      incubating permeabilized mitotic cells in solutions containing [3H]GTP-labeled or
      dichlorotriazinylamino fluorescein (DTAF)-labeled tubulin. Metaphase HeLa cells
      or spindle-containing "minicells" from Chaetopterus oocytes were lysed in a
      microtubule-assembly buffer plus 0.5% Nonidet P-40, 1 mg/ml 120,000g supernatant
      mammalian brain tubulin, and [3H]GTP. After different periods of incubation,
      mitotic spindles were isolated in 2 M-glycerol-containing assembly buffer and
      separated from unbound counts by centrifugation through a 4 M-glycerol cushion;
      3H counts per mg protein increase linearly for 8-12 min and then reach a plateau
      or steady state in both Chaetopterus oocytes and HeLa cells. Addition of 4 mM
      CaCl2 blocks or reverses incorporation. Little or no [3H]GTP is incorporated if
      exogenous tubulin or lysed cells are omitted from the assembly mixture. To
      measure the loss rate of [3H]GTP-tubulin from mitotic spindles, cells were
      incubated in tubulin plus [3H]GTP for 30 min, and a 20-fold excess of cold GTP (2
      mM) was added. Samples were removed after incubation for different periods, and
      spindles were isolated as described above and counted for 3H content. [3H]GTP is
      lost from spindles at a rate of about 16%/min until a new steady state is reached
      in about 8 min. These results are consistent with an incorporation and turnover
      of [3H]GTP-tubulin in spindle microtubules of these lysed-cell models. The
      location of this newly incorporated tubulin in the spindle was investigated by
      incorporating fluorescent DTAF-tubulin into mitotic spindles of these lysed cell
      types.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3708704
TI  - [Evolution of breast feeding in District 1 in Prague from 1980 to 1984 and the
      results of its increased rate].

PMID- 3708705
TI  - [Incidence of orofacial clefts in Bohemia 1975-1982].

PMID- 3708706
TI  - [Personal experience with alopecia in children and adolescents].

PMID- 3708707
TI  - [Ventilatory support in the neonate].

PMID- 3708708
TI  - [Current problems in chemoprophylaxis in pediatric practice].

PMID- 3708709
TI  - [Pediatric reflections on the concept of mucous membrane immunology].

PMID- 3708710
TI  - [Current problems in type A viral hepatitis].

PMID- 3708711
TI  - [Modern approach to tonsillectomy in children].

PMID- 3708713
TI  - [The role of cold light in endoscopy and its use in transillumination
      diagnostics].

PMID- 3708712
TI  - [Viral meningoencephalitis in Czechoslovakia in 1985].

PMID- 3708714
TI  - [New knowledge on the prevention of rickets].

PMID- 3708715
TI  - Penetration of ciclacillin into bronchial secretions.
AB  - The penetration of ciclacillin into bronchial secretions was investigated in 105
      patients undergoing bronchoscopy after a single oral dose of 500 mg ciclacillin.
      Comparison was made with 26 patients who received 500 mg ampicillin by mouth.
      Over a 6 to 8 hour period, ciclacillin achieved significantly higher levels in
      bronchial secretions but no statistically significant difference between serum
      ampicillin and ciclacillin levels was detected.

PMID- 3708716
TI  - Effects of aztreonam and netilmicin upon alveolar macrophage function.
AB  - Both aztreonam and netilmicin showed no toxic effect on alveolar macrophage
      function when administered at varying concentrations. Killing ability was
      unchanged as well. The increase of enzyme delivery, assessed at varying
      concentrations, was very limited and of no relevance in the pathogenesis of
      possible tissue damage. It can be explained on the basis of a change in the
      permeability of membranes or to output during phagocytosis. In cultures
      containing either antibiotic under similar conditions we did not note any
      substantial differences. The concentrations tested can be used safely in the
      therapy of infections due to most gram-negative bacteria.

PMID- 3708717
TI  - Azlocillin and serum uric acid.
AB  - Uric acid levels in serum were observed to fall significantly in a group of 23
      patients with cerebrovascular disease receiving azlocillin and vasodilators. Our
      findings suggest that the hypouricemic effect of azlocillin is dose-dependent and
      can be demonstrated mainly after the first 24 h of treatment.

PMID- 3708719
TI  - Chemical reclosure of opened imidazole ring of guanine.
AB  - Imidazole ring opened adenine and guanine residues similar to those generated by
      gamma-irradiation of nucleosides of DNA, were chemically synthesised. Reaction
      conditions that promote the chemical reclosure of opened imidazole rings of
      guanine have been identified. The optimal conditions for the reclosure of such
      rings was found to be 0.2 M HCl at 37 degrees C. These conditions did not promote
      a reclosure of opened imidazole rings of adenine. The reclosure of opened
      imidazole rings of guanine was found to follow first order kinetics. The very low
      pH for this chemical ring reclosure precludes the likelihood that this reaction
      occurs intracellularly.

PMID- 3708718
TI  - Uptake of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin from plasma lipoproteins by
      cultured human fibroblasts.
AB  - Tritiated 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) added to human plasma in
      vitro associated with the plasma lipoproteins. The effects of plasma and
      lipoproteins on cellular uptake of dioxin were studied using normal human skin
      fibroblasts and mutant fibroblasts from a patient with homozygous familial
      hypercholesterolemia. The latter cells lack the normal cell membrane receptor for
      low density lipoprotein (LDL). The time- and temperature-dependent cellular
      uptake of [3H]dioxin was greatest from LDL, intermediate from high density
      lipoprotein (HDL) and least from serum. A significantly greater uptake from LDL
      by the normal cells compared to the mutant cells indicated the involvement of the
      LDL receptor-mediated pathway. Concentration-dependent studies indicated that the
      cellular uptake at 37 degrees C of [3H]dioxin varied linearly with dioxin
      concentration at constant LDL concentration. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC)
      showed that conversion to more polar compounds may have occurred after 24-h
      incubation with cells. [3H]Dioxin could be removed from cells efficiently by
      incubation with 20% serum greater than HDL greater than LDL. Since the vehicle of
      delivery may influence subsequent location and metabolism of this compound in
      cells, it is concluded that the physiologic vehicles (either serum- or LDL
      associated dioxin), rather than organic solvents, should be used in experiments
      with cultured cells or perfused organs.

PMID- 3708720
TI  - Effect of DNA synthesis on induction of preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions in
      rat liver by a single dose of methylazoxymethanol acetate.
AB  - A single intravenous injection of methylazoxymethanol (MAM) acetate in doses of
      either 20 or 35 mg/kg body weight to male Sprague-Dawley rats induced altered
      liver cell foci and later, liver neoplasms in a dose related manner. Sequential
      observations in the rats given 35 mg/kg and thereafter fed an iron-loading diet
      revealed that the number of iron-excluding foci/cm2 increased with time. Partial
      hepatectomy (PH) before the high dose of MAM acetate resulted in 100% lethality
      while hepatectomy before the low dose carcinogen exposure lead to a higher
      incidence of neoplasms than in rats that received carcinogen alone. PH after
      either high or low dose carcinogen exposure did not result in a greater
      occurrence of liver neoplasms.

PMID- 3708721
TI  - Morphine metabolism revisited. III. Confirmation of a novel metabolic pathway.
AB  - Previous studies have led to the partial structural characterization of a
      glutathionylmorphine adduct which was isolated from rat liver microsomal
      incubations. The formation of this adduct was shown to be catalyzed by cytochrome
      P-450. As an extension of this work, we have carried out similar studies with N
      acetylcysteine in an attempt to obtain a product amenable to complete NMR
      analysis and unambiguous structure assignment. Incubation of [3H]morphine and N
      acetylcysteine with microsomal preparations isolated from human and from
      phenobarbital-treated rats led to the isolation by HPLC of a labeled species
      displaying a fast atom bombardment mass spectrum consistent with the expected N
      acetylcysteinyl adduct of morphine. Data obtained from the high resolution 1H-NMR
      spectrum of the adduct and that of synthetic 10 alpha-hydroxycodeine established
      the structure of the metabolite as 10 alpha-S-(N-acetylcysteinyl)morphine. The
      results are consistent with the biotransformation of morphine involving oxidation
      at the benzylic C-10 position to form an electrophilic species capable of
      reacting with nucleophilic thiols such as N-acetylcysteine and glutathione.

PMID- 3708722
TI  - Intercalators as probes of DNA conformation: propidium binding to alternating and
      non-alternating polymers containing guanine.
AB  - Propidium iodide is used as a structural probe for alternating and non
      alternating DNA polymers containing guanine and the results are compared to
      experiments with poly[d(A-T)2], poly(dA . dT) and random DNA sequences.
      Viscometric titrations indicate that propidium binds to all polymers and to DNA
      by intercalation. The binding constant and binding site size are quite similar
      for all alternating polymers, non-alternating polymers containing guanine and
      natural DNA. Poly(dA . dT) is unusual with a lower binding constant and positive
      cooperativity in its propidium binding isotherms. Poly(dA . dT) and poly(dG . dC)
      have similar salt effects but quite different temperature effects in propidium
      binding equilibria. Polymers and natural DNA have similar rate constants in their
      SDS driven dissociation reactions. The association rate constants are similar for
      the alternating polymers and poly(dG . dC) but are significantly reduced for
      poly(dA . dT). These results suggest that natural DNA, the alternating polymers,
      and non-alternating polymers containing guanine convert to an intercalated
      conformation with bound propidium in a very similar manner.

PMID- 3708723
TI  - Cytosolic activation of hematin-dependent microsomal monooxygenase activity in
      the lung.
AB  - Additions of micromolar concentrations of hematin to washed rat pulmonary
      microsomal preparations resulted in marked (5-7-fold) increases in the NADPH
      dependent generation of phenolic metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). 9-Hydroxy
      BaP was identified as the major reaction product. Additions of pulmonary
      cytosolic fractions to microsomes produced no measurable effect but cytosol and
      hematin added together elicited 25-30-fold increases in total phenolic products.
      Cytosolic fractions from other tissues, including rat kidneys and perfused rat
      livers, were also highly effective in enhancing the hematin-mediated increases in
      monooxygenase activity. However, cytosol from human placental tissues was only
      minimally effective when either pulmonary or placental microsomes were utilized
      as enzyme source. Superoxide dismutase and catalase (alone or in combination) had
      no measurable effect on hematin-mediated increases. Horseradish peroxidase
      effectively inhibited the hematin-dependent reactions but hematin-independent
      reactions were inhibited with equal effectiveness. Carbon monoxide profoundly
      inhibited all hematin-mediated increases in metabolite formation. The activating
      cytosolic component was non-dialyzable, inactivated by trypsin and heat, and
      eluted in the void volume from Sephadex G-150 columns. This suggested that the
      cytosolic factor(s) responsible for the increased hematin-dependent oxidation was
      a protein(s) with a high molecular weight or perhaps an aggregate or oligomer of
      proteinaceous material. HPLC profiles indicated a major effect on the generation
      of phenolics; quinones were also increased but only minimal increases in diols
      were observed. Results were consistent with the hypothesis that hematin-mediated
      increases in pulmonary monooxygenase activity result from an increased
      association of a small pool of pulmonary P-450-apoprotein(s) with the hematin
      prosthetic group to result in increased levels of an unidentified
      holocytochrome(s) with a relatively high substrate turnover number. The current
      data suggest a quaternary interaction among P-450 apoprotein(s), heme prosthetic
      group, reaction products (particularly 3-hydroxy-BaP) and a cytosolic protein(s).
      We postulate that the mechanism of action of the cytosolic factor is to
      facilitate the interaction of hematin with the apocytochrome.

PMID- 3708724
TI  - Metabolism and toxicity of synthetic analogues of macrocyclic diester
      pyrrolizidine alkaloids.
AB  - Seven macrocyclic diesters analogous to hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids have
      been tested in male weanling Wistar rats. The compounds were the succinate (VII),
      2,3-dimethylsuccinate (VIII), phthalate (IX), glutarate (X), 2,4
      dimethylglutarate (XI), 3,3-dimethylglutarate (XII) and 3,3
      pentamethyleneglutarate (XIII) of the synthetic amino dialcohol, synthanecine A.
      Single doses of these compounds were given i.p. to rats, and liver levels of
      pyrrolic metabolites were measured 2 h later. For these experiments both normal
      rats and rats pretreated with the esterase inhibitor tri-orthocresylphosphate
      (TOCP) were used. In normal rats, low levels of pyrrolic metabolites were formed
      from compounds VII, IX, X and XI, but these levels were greatly enhanced in rats
      with inhibited esterase activity. Much higher pyrrole levels were formed from
      compounds VIII, XII and XIII in normal rats, and esterase inhibition had
      relatively little effect on their metabolic conversion to pyrroles. This
      indicated that the last mentioned compounds were relatively resistant to enzymic
      hydrolysis, whereas VII, IX, X and XI were easily hydrolysed in normal rats,
      providing an alternative metabolic path which limited their conversion to
      pyrrolic metabolites. Comparison of results obtained using the 2,4
      dimethylglutarate (XI), the 3,3-dimethylglutarate (XII) and the 3,3,
      pentamethyleneglutarate (XIII) showed that 3,3-disubstitution but not 2,4
      disubstitution in the glutaric acid moiety conferred high resistance to esterase
      attack. Toxicity tests using four of the compounds confirmed that acute
      hepatotoxicity was dose related, and associated with the formation of pyrrolic
      metabolites in the liver. The 3,3-dimethylglutarate (XII) was highly toxic both
      in normal and in TOCP treated rats, doses of 25-30 mg/kg causing moderate to
      severe centrilobular necrosis of the liver. In contrast the toxicity of the
      unsubstituted succinate (VII), glutarate (X) and 2,4-dimethylglutarate (XI) was
      very low in normal rats but high in rats with inhibited esterase activity. Thus,
      the glutarate (X) was non-toxic at 200 mg/kg in normal rats, but in TOCP treated
      rats, in which pyrrolic metabolite formation was enhanced by a factor of 17.5, a
      50 mg/kg dose of this compound was severely hepatotoxic. Kidney damage, which was
      generally limited to the presence of isolated necrotic cells, sometimes
      accompanied the liver damage caused by these compounds, but acute toxic effects
      were not observed in any other tissues.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3708725
TI  - Studies on positive inotropic agents. II. Synthesis of (4-substituted 1
      piperazinylcarbonyl)-2-(1H)-quinolinone derivatives.

PMID- 3708726
TI  - Studies on hypolipidemic agents. III. Omega-(4-phenoxybenzoyl)-alkanoic acid
      derivatives.

PMID- 3708727
TI  - Synthesis and antitumor activity of 5-fluoro-4-(furfurylideneaminooxy)hexahydro
      2,6-dioxo-5-pyrim idinecarb oxylates.

PMID- 3708728
TI  - A sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of human serum
      albumin with chrome-azurol S aluminium chelate.

PMID- 3708729
TI  - In vivo studies on the formation of m-tyrosine and o-tyrosine from L
      phenylalanine in rats.

PMID- 3708730
TI  - Fluorescent and cross-linked proteins of human erythrocyte ghosts formed by
      reaction with hydroperoxylinoleic acid, malonaldehyde and monofunctional
      aldehydes.

PMID- 3708731
TI  - Application of synthetic hydrated aluminum silicates as orally administered
      absorbents of ammonium ion.

PMID- 3708732
TI  - The rabbit as an animal model for warfarin-induced hypoprothrombinemia: the
      relationship between prothrombin time and prothrombin complex activity.

PMID- 3708733
TI  - Effects of crude drugs on various digestive enzymes in vitro and in vivo.

PMID- 3708734
TI  - Measurement of K vitamins in human and animal plasma by high-performance liquid
      chromatography with fluorometric detection.

PMID- 3708735
TI  - Studies on whisker growth on the tablet surface. III. Mechanism of whisker growth
      on aspirin tablet and its effect on the mechanical strength of the tablet.

PMID- 3708736
TI  - Comparative studies on the stability of acyl enzyme intermediates: an approach to
      the design of temporary inhibitors for trypsin-like enzymes.

PMID- 3708737
TI  - Studies on improvement of pharmaceutical preparations prescribed in hospitals.
      III. Prevention of fading by use of solid dispersion system of ointment
      containing methylrosaniline chloride.

PMID- 3708738
TI  - Regional distribution and elimination kinetics of imipramine in rat brain after
      multiple dosages.

PMID- 3708739
TI  - Plasma concentration profile of diazepam after oral administration of the open
      ring form of diazepam to man.

PMID- 3708740
TI  - [Posttraumatic ischemic syndrome of the anterior compartment of the leg].
AB  - The authors report three cases of post-traumatic ischemia of leg forward loggia.
      After some notes of normal anatomy and hemodynamics of microcirculation, they
      emphasize the importance of an immediate surgical intervention of fasciotomy, in
      order to prevent a necrosis of the muscular and nervous structures.

PMID- 3708741
TI  - [Short-term prophylaxis in orthopedic and traumatologic surgery].
AB  - The rational and selective use of the perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis plays
      a decisive role in prevention of post-operative infections in orthopedic surgery
      and traumatology. The conceptual bases for the application of the Short-Term
      chemioprophylaxis are presented in accord to the most recent data reported in the
      literature.

PMID- 3708742
TI  - [Hepatic angiomyelolipoma (considerations on a case brought to our attention)].
AB  - Liver lipomas are exceedingly rare: the authors present a case of
      angiomyelolipoma of the liver in a 65-year-old woman resected by right
      hemihepatectomy. Radiologic findings and indications to surgical treatment are
      discussed.

PMID- 3708743
TI  - [Retroperitoneal neurilemmoma (considerations on 4 cases)].
AB  - The authors show 4 cases of retroperitoneal neurilemmoma, surgically treated by
      simple excision of the tumour. From the general observations, as well as from the
      analysis of the literature, they can remark the rareness of the location in such
      anatomical region. The clinical symptoms are common to those of the region
      retroperitoneal tumours, and are due to the compressive effect developed by the
      tumour on the contiguous structures. As regards the diagnostic procedures, they
      emphasize the primary value of axial computed tomography in the evaluation of the
      retroperitoneal pathology. The diagnosis cannot be but histologic, and is based
      upon the presence of the typical histologic pictures according to Antoni A and B
      types.

PMID- 3708744
TI  - [Peritoneo-jugular shunt with a Denver valve in the treatment of refractory
      ascites (personal experience)].
AB  - The Denver valve peritoneo-jugular shunt has proved to be a valid therapeutic
      procedure in the treatment of refractory ascites. After briefly outlining the
      indications and advantages of the Denver valve and explaining how it is applied,
      the authors report the results obtained in their patient population.

PMID- 3708745
TI  - [Conservative treatment of stenosis of the pylorus. A proposal of a technic and
      results].
AB  - The authors reported 6 cases of pyloric stenosis treated endoscopically by a new
      technic. Results have been good in all cases.

PMID- 3708746
TI  - [Endobrachyesophagus as a sequel of esophagitis due to caustics].
AB  - Caustic ingestions show, nevertheless medical progress, many clinical and
      therapeutical problems; particularly risk factors of stenotic and neoplastic
      evolutions as well as of functional outcome are little known. A case of Barrett's
      esophagus after acid sulphuric ingestion is the starting point of some personal
      considerations, after revision of literature.

PMID- 3708747
TI  - [Pathology of the residual urachus: a congenital anomality of possibly late
      clinical onset].
AB  - The authors report on two rare case urachal residue disease of late onset. They
      define the pathogenic factors contributing to the disease and describe the
      semeiological and radiological methods used in diagnosing the condition.

PMID- 3708748
TI  - [Bi-bone fractures of the leg. Indications and treatment].
AB  - After recalling some anatomical aspects (with particular reference to the
      diaphysary vascularization), the authors determine the limits of the conservative
      treatment of leg fractures, and then describe the surgical techniques they used
      in the different types of leg fracture. The authors point out the treatment of
      such fractures does not follow rigid patterns, but it should be chosen case by
      case after a careful evaluation of general and local factors.

PMID- 3708749
TI  - [Considerations on various spinal pains].
AB  - Any nerve root irritation from about T6 to L1 is able to carry about parietal and
      visceral pain in the abdomen, owing to the metameric distribution of the
      splanchnic and somatic afferent ways along the dorsal roots at all these levels.
      The cause of abdominal segmental neuralgia are numerous. Radicular abdominalgia
      is a syndrome of painful and paresthetic sensations, which involve both somatic
      and visceral components of one or more segments, according to the metameric law.
      In the osteo-arthrosis in the dorsal intervertebral joints is a most common cause
      of radicular syndromes simulating intra-abdominal surgical conditions.

PMID- 3708750
TI  - In vitro DNA-binding of microsomally-activated fluoranthene: evidence that the
      major product is a fluoranthene N2-deoxyguanosine adduct.
AB  - Incubation of 3-[3H]fluoranthene with a rat liver microsomal activation system in
      the presence of calf thymus DNA resulted in radioactivity bound to the DNA. The
      fluoranthene-modified DNA was enzymatically digested and a DNA adduct elution
      profile developed using h.p.l.c. The fraction containing the major fluoranthene-
      DNA adduct was further purified by h.p.l.c. and separated into two subfractions.
      Treatment of these with perchloric acid liberated guanine in both cases. Evidence
      that both were N-2 guanine derivatives was based on the pK values of these
      adducts determined before and after treatment with nitrous acid. The major adduct
      (70% of total modified deoxyribonucleosides) was further characterized by high
      resolution, fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopy which yielded a molecular ion
      consistent with a fluoranthene triol bound to the N-2 position of deoxyguanosine.
      Synthetic syn and anti 3-[3H]2,3-dihydroxy-1,10b-epoxy-1,2,3-trihydrofluoranthene
      were reacted directly with DNA and the 8-[3H]-7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10
      tetrahydrofluoranthene was incubated with DNA and microsomes. The DNA from each
      of these reactions was enzymatically hydrolyzed and h.p.l.c. adduct profiles were
      developed. The major adduct formed from reaction of the anti 2,3-dihydroxy-1,10b
      epoxy-1,2,3-trihydrofluoranthene with DNA and the major N-2 fluoranthene derived
      adduct had identical elution times on two different h.p.l.c. systems, similar pK
      values (before and after nitrous acid treatment) and the same u.v. spectra. In
      addition, derivatization of both adducts with ethyl methanesulfonate yielded
      identical products, as determined by h.p.l.c. analysis.

PMID- 3708751
TI  - Effects of phenol and 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (syringol) on in vivo formation of N
      nitrosomorpholine in rats.
AB  - We determined the effects of phenol and 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (syringol) on N
      nitrosomorpholine (NMOR) formation in rats given morpholine and nitrite by
      gavage. At 30 min post-gavage the recovery (from the stomach, duodenum and blood)
      of 564 micrograms NMOR was six times higher when administered to rats by gavage
      with 2 g of semipurified diet (SPD) than when given without food. Rats were
      gavaged with 12 mg each of morpholine, one of the modifiers and nitrite and
      examined 30 min later. Syringol decreased the amount of NMOR in both the stomach
      and blood by 89%, while phenol had no effect. We compared these results with
      those obtained with ascorbic acid and thiocyanate. The effect of ascorbic acid
      was similar to that of syringol. However, thiocyanate increased the amount of
      NMOR in the stomach and blood 2.7- and 4-fold, respectively. When 2 g of SPD was
      administered to rats by gavage, together with the precursors, syringol and
      ascorbic acid blocked NMOR formation in the stomach by 58 and 45%, respectively,
      and thiocyanate enhanced the yield 1.5-fold. The effect of phenol was not
      significant for the stomach and blood and that of the other modifiers was not
      significant for blood. Administration of the reactants together with food
      decreased the NMOR level in blood 155-fold relative to controls (no food),
      suggesting that food decreased the absorption rate over a 30-min period. These
      results demonstrate the modifying effect of phenol and syringol on NMOR formation
      in vivo to be similar to that observed in a previous in vitro study, and show
      that the effect of food on NMOR levels in blood was more important than that of
      the modifiers.

PMID- 3708752
TI  - Increased repair of O6-alkylguanine DNA adducts in glioma-derived human cells
      resistant to the cytotoxic and cytogenetic effects of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1
      nitrosourea.
AB  - We investigated the cytotoxic and cytogenetic effects of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1
      nitrosourea (BCNU) treatment on two cell lines derived from human glioma biopsy
      specimens. SF-188 cells are 3-fold more resistant to the cytotoxic effects of
      BCNU and 14-fold more resistant to sister chromatid exchange (SCE) induction
      caused by BCNU treatment than are SF-126 cells. After treatment with BCNU, 60%
      fewer DNA interstrand crosslinks were found in SF-188 than in SF-126 cells. The
      O6-methylguanine alkylation product was removed rapidly from DNA in SF-188 cells
      treated with [3H]methylnitrosourea, but very little repair of alkylation product
      occurred in SF-126 cells. These results suggest that one of the mechanisms
      responsible for cellular resistance to BCNU treatment is increased repair of O6
      alkylguanine products in DNA, which reduces the number of crosslinks formed and
      thereby increases survival and reduces the number of SCEs induced in resistant
      cells.

PMID- 3708753
TI  - Use of an orthogonal design method to study two-stage chemical carcinogenesis in
      BALB/3T3 cells.
AB  - An orthogonal design method was used to study two-stage chemical carcinogenesis
      in BALB/3T3 cells. Four factors were studied: different concentrations of the
      initiator N-methyl-N-nitro-N'-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG); different concentrations
      of the promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA); different
      concentrations of fetal calf serum (FCS) and different times at which TPA was
      added after cell initiation. From the results of three experiments designed by
      Table L9(3(4)), L8(2(7)) and L16(4(5)), 0.3 microgram/ml MNNG was the highest
      possible initiating concentration and 0.25 microgram/ml TPA was the minimum
      effective concentration for promoting activity. There is synergy between MNNG and
      TPA, the optimum combination in sequential treatment being 0.3 microgram/ml MNNG
      and 0.25 microgram/ml TPA. The 10% FCS standard concentration was the optimal
      one; however, below 5% few foci appeared. The time at which TPA was added had
      little effect on cloning efficiency and transformation frequency. So the use of
      this orthogonal design in cell culture has many advantages: several factors can
      be tested simultaneously; it is easy to find the optimal protocol conditions and
      the dose-response relationship is stable, which enables the reproducibility to be
      improved. In addition, the different tables proposed may help to reveal
      unexpected problems.

PMID- 3708754
TI  - Procarcinogen activation by rat and human mammary extracts.
AB  - Sprague-Dawley rat mammary gland is extremely sensitive to tumorigenesis by
      single or multiple doses of several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. We obtained
      quantitative data on the in vitro mutagenic activation of several procarcinogens
      by 9000 g supernatant fraction (S9) from rat mammary gland using the Ames test.
      Mutagenic activation was shown to be dependent on a nicotinamide adenine
      dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) generating system. An S9 preparation from mammary
      tissue of lactating Sprague-Dawley rats was shown to activate 2-aminoanthracene
      (2-AA). A polychlorinated biphenyl mixture of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
      (TCDD) given to rats greatly raised the specific activity (revertant TA98
      colonies/mg S9 protein) of the mammary tissue using 2-AA as a test carcinogen,
      and permitted detection of 2,4-diaminoanisole (DAA) and 2,7-diaminofluorene (DAF)
      activation. Procarcinogens 2-aminofluorine (2-AF), benzo[a]pyrene (BP) and
      aflatoxin (AFL) B1 were not detectably activated by mammary gland. Mutagenesis
      produced in mammary S9 activation of 2-AA, DAA or DAF was significantly inhibited
      by alpha-naphthoflavone (alpha NF) but was inhibited minimally by metyrapone
      (MP). Human mammary tumor cell lines (734B, SkBr3, MDA-MD-330) possessed
      inducible procarcinogen metabolizing activities similar to those found in S9 of
      rat mammary tissue. We demonstrated a simple and convenient use of the Ames test
      to characterize activation of many potential mutagens and carcinogens for mammary
      gland. When a test compound such as 2-AA was used, selective enzyme induction and
      inhibition was demonstrated.

PMID- 3708755
TI  - Acetyl coenzyme A-dependent metabolic activation of N-hydroxy-3,2'-dimethyl-4
      aminobiphenyl and several carcinogenic N-hydroxy arylamines in relation to tissue
      and species differences, other acyl donors, and arylhydroxamic acid-dependent
      acyltransferases.
AB  - The metabolic activation of several carcinogenic N-hydroxy (N-OH)-arylamines by
      cytosolic S-acetyl coenzyme A (AcCoA)-dependent enzymes was examined in tissues
      and species susceptible to arylamine carcinogenesis. Comparisons of the AcCoA
      dependent activity were also made with known cytosolic arylhydroxamic acid
      dependent acyltransferases and with the ability of different acyl donors to
      mediate the binding of N-OH-arylamines to DNA. With rat hepatic cytosol, AcCoA
      dependent DNA binding was demonstrated for several [3H]N-OH-arylamines, in the
      order: N-OH-3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl (N-OH-DMABP), N-OH-2-aminofluorene (N
      OH-AF) greater than N-OH-4-aminobiphenyl greater than N-OH-N'-acetylbenzidine
      greater than N-OH-2-naphthylamine; N-OH-N-methyl-4-amino-azobenzene was not a
      substrate. No activity was detected in dog hepatic or bladder cytosol with any of
      the N-OH-arylamines tested. Using either N-OH-DMABP or N-OH-AF and rat hepatic
      cytosol, activation to DNA-bound products was also detected with acetoacetyl- and
      propionyl-CoA but not with folinic acid or six other acyl CoA's. However, p
      nitrophenyl acetate which is known to generate acetyl-enzyme intermediates
      effectively replaced AcCoA. Subcellular fractionation of rat liver showed that
      the AcCoA-dependent DNA-binding of N-OH-DMABP with cytosol was 5 times greater
      than that obtained with the microsomal or mitochondrial/nuclear fractions.
      Furthermore, the cytosolic activity was insensitive to inhibition by the
      esterase/deacetylase inhibitor, paraoxon; while the activity of the other
      subcellular fractions was completely inhibited (greater than 95%). AcCoA
      dependent activation of N-OH-DMABP was also detected with rat tissue cytosols
      from intestine, mammary gland and kidney, which like the liver, are targets for
      arylamine-induced tumorigenesis. Using N-OH-DMABP, AcCoA-dependent DNA-binding
      activity was also detected in the hepatic cytosols from several species in the
      order: rabbit greater than hamster greater than rat, human greater than guinea
      pig greater than mouse. In contrast, the arylhydroxamic acid, N-OH-N-acetyl
      DMABP, was not activated to a DNA-binding metabolite by the hepatic cytosolic N,O
      acyltransferase of any of these species, thus suggesting that the AcCoA-mediated
      binding of N-OH-DMABP results from the direct formation of N-acetoxy-DMABP. With
      N-OH-AF as the substrate, the AcCoA-dependent activation was in the order: rabbit
      greater than guinea pig, hamster greater than mouse greater than human,
      rat.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3708756
TI  - Analysis of the effect of DNA alkylation on alkaline elution.
AB  - Recently, it has been reported that changes in DNA higher-order structure and DNA
      associated protein structure in methylmethane sulfonate (MMS)-treated cells can
      affect the rate of alkaline elution independent of the DNA single-strand break
      (SSB) frequency. This conclusion was based on the observation that the rate of
      elution of alkylated DNA increased when the cell lysates were held at pH 10 for
      extended periods of time prior to alkaline elution; this increase in elution rate
      was attributed to changes in nucleoprotein structure rather than additional DNA
      SSB. We have examined this phenomenon in more detail and find evidence that both
      DNA SSB and alkaline-labile sites are produced spontaneously in alkylated DNA at
      pH 10. Alkaline elution of DNA from MMS-treated cells was carried out after
      incubation of the cell lysates at pH 10 for 48 h; the rate of elution was
      markedly greater at pH 12.8 compared with pH 12.2 elution. Since this pH effect
      was not seen in control cell DNA, it was attributed to the production of alkaline
      labile sites during the pH 10 incubation. When DNA SSB were measured by alkaline
      unwinding assay, more SSB were detected in alkylated DNA held at pH 10 for 48 h
      than for 0.25 h. Double-stranded DNA was treated with MMS in vitro and analyzed
      by neutral or alkaline gel electrophoresis immediately or after 48 h incubation
      at pH 10; substantially higher levels of DNA SSB were detected with the pH 10
      incubation by either neutral or alkaline gel electrophoresis. In order to
      determine if changes in DNA structure affect the rate of elution independent of
      the SSB frequency, we attempted to design an experiment which would severely
      disrupt DNA higher-order structure but not produce DNA SSB in one of the two
      complementary DNA strands. V79 cells were grown in bromodeoxyurine (BUdR) under
      conditions such that all unsubstituted strands were base paired with BUdR
      substituted DNA. When this DNA was analyzed by alkaline elution, the unifilar
      substituted BUdR strand hydrolyzed in alkali and eluted from the filter; this had
      no effect on the elution rate of the unsubstituted strand. These results indicate
      that the only known cause for an increase in alkaline elution rate is DNA SSB;
      severe changes in DNA higher order structure including hydrolysis of one strand
      by unifilar substitution with an alkaline-labile base analog have no effect on
      the elution rate of the unsubstituted strand.

PMID- 3708757
TI  - Anti-mutagenesis and anti-promotion by apigenin, robinetin and indole-3-carbinol.
AB  - We assessed the anti-mutagenic and anti-promotion properties of two flavones,
      apigenin and robinetin, and of indole-3-carbinol, because these compounds have
      been reported in vegetables, the consumption of which has been associated with
      reduced rates of cancer. However, the active components of these foods and their
      effects on carcinogenesis have not been established. Anti-mutagenicity was
      determined in the Salmonella typhimurium assay by measuring the effects of the
      test compounds on bacterial mutagenesis induced by methyl-nitrosourea (MNU),
      methyl-n-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) or 2
      aminoanthracene (2-AA). Inclusion of apigenin resulted in a 62% and a 43%
      inhibition of mutagenicity with 13 nmol of 2-AA and 30 nmol BaP respectively.
      Robinetin caused an 87% inhibition of mutagenicity by 2-AA, but indole-3-carbinol
      had little or no effect on the mutagenicity of any of the compounds. None of the
      three compounds inhibited mutagenesis by MNU or MNNG and none were mutagenic or
      toxic when tested in the absence of mutagenic compounds at doses up to 20
      micrograms/plate. Anti-promotion properties were assessed by measuring the
      effects of apigenin, robinetin and indole-3-carbinol on induction of ornithine
      decarboxylase activity (ODC) in mouse epidermis by 17 nmol 12-O-tetradecanoyl
      phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Pretreatment of the skin half an hour before TPA with
      apigenin, robinetin, butylated hydroxyanisole, 13-cis-retinoic acid (all at 50
      mumol) or di-fluoromethylornithine (1.6 mumol) inhibited ODC induction at 6 h
      after TPA by 67-80%. Pretreatment with 50 mumol indole-3-carbinol caused a 78%
      elevation in the TPA induction at this time. Dose response measurements were
      conducted with apigenin, indole-3-carbinol and robinetin. Inhibition by 30-90% of
      TPA-induced ODC was observed at 6 h after TPA in mice pretreated with 12.5-100
      mumol apigenin. Pretreatment with 37.5 or 50 mumol indole-3-carbinol or 0.5, 12.5
      or 25 mumol robinetin resulted in elevated induction of epidermal ODC by TPA at 6
      h after TPA. However, treatment with 50 or 100 mumol robinetin diminished ODC
      induction at 6 h after TPA. Treatment with 100 mumol apigenin or 50 or 100 mumol
      indole-3-carbinol in non-TPA-treated mouse skin caused elevations in epidermal
      ODC. In comparing the time course of ODC induction, indole-3-carbinol (50 mumol)
      pretreatment shifted the induction of epidermal ODC to earlier times, in addition
      to elevating ODC induction by TPA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3708758
TI  - 1,2-Dithiol-3-thione analogs: effects on NAD(P)H:quinone reductase and
      glutathione levels in murine hepatoma cells.
AB  - The 1,2-dithiol-3-thiones are a class of five-membered cyclic sulfur compounds
      which have chemotherapeutic and chemoprotective properties. The parent 1,2
      dithiol-3-thione nucleus and a series of six substituted analogs all induced
      NAD(P)H: quinone reductase (EC 1.6.99.2) activity and elevated glutathione levels
      in Hepa 1c1c7 murine hepatoma cells in culture thereby enhancing detoxification
      potential. These analogs included monosubstituted derivatives with phenyl, p
      methoxyphenyl or 2-pyrazinyl groups at C-4 or C-5, and disubstituted compounds
      bearing phenyl or 2-pyrazinyl moieties at C-5 and an additional methyl group at C
      4. This system can be used as an in vitro model for the study of the specificity
      and mechanism of action of the 1,2-dithiol-3-thiones as already demonstrated for
      several other classes of chemoprotective agents. The 1,2-dithiol-3-thiones also
      elevated quinone reductase and glutathione levels in the Hepa 1c1c7 cell mutants
      (BPrc1 and TAOBPrc1) that are defective in aryl hydrocarbon receptor functions.
      We conclude that the 1,2-dithiol-3-thiones are largely concerned with the
      stimulation of metabolic inactivation of electrophiles.

PMID- 3708759
TI  - Pituitary grafts modify sex differences in liver tumor formation in the rat
      following initiation with diethylnitrosamine and different promotion regimens.
AB  - We previously reported on sex differences in chemical hepatocarcinogenesis
      studied in the resistant hepatocyte model and on the effects of implantation of
      ectopic pituitary grafts into male rats on the early stages of liver
      carcinogenesis. Marked sex differences were found in the area ratio of enzyme
      altered foci (mm2 foci/cm2 liver section) in sexually mature male and female
      Wistar rats (male greater than female). Pituitary grafts implanted one week
      before 2-acetylaminofluorene selection in male rats decreased the area ratio to a
      level near that of sham operated females. The present study was performed in
      order to investigate the relevance of the results in the short-term experiment in
      terms of hepatoma formation. To study the importance of 2-acetylaminofluorene
      selection as a determinant of the observed sex differences an experiment was also
      performed using the Pitot-model, where male and female rats were initiated with
      diethylnitrosamine and promotion was performed with phenobarbital. The long-term
      experiments in the resistant hepatocyte model showed that male rats develop
      hepatomas earlier than female rats and also showed a tendency towards a prolonged
      latency time in male rats bearing pituitary grafts. A good correspondence was
      thus achieved between the short-term and the long-term experiments. The rats
      treated according to the Pitot-model did not develop hepatomas within the
      experimental period. Of the rats killed at 13 months, three (out of five) male
      and five (out of five) female rats had hepatocyte nodules whereas, at 19 months
      two (out of six) male and five (out of six) female rats had developed such
      lesions in this model. We therefore conclude that 2-acetylaminofluorene is the
      factor responsible for the sex differences in the resistant hepatocyte model and
      that the hypothalamo-pituitary influence during 2-acetylaminofluorene selection
      is an important modifier of the carcinogenetic process.

PMID- 3708760
TI  - Distribution of u.v.-induced repair events in higher-order chromatin loops in
      human and hamster fibroblasts.
AB  - The repair of u.v.-induced damage in human and rodent cells was investigated at
      the level of DNA loops attached to the nuclear matrix. After 2 h post-u.v.
      incubation, DNase I digestion studies revealed a 3- to 4-fold enrichment of
      repair-labeled DNA at the nuclear matrix in four xeroderma pigmentosum cell
      strains belonging to complementation group C. This non-random distribution was
      not affected by treatment with sodium butyrate. In other cells with limited
      excision repair, i.e. two xeroderma pigmentosum cell strains of complementation
      group D and Syrian hamster embryonic cells, as well as in HeLa cells and normal
      human fibroblasts, no enrichment of repair-labeled DNA at the nuclear matrix was
      observed. Visualization of repair events in DNA loops by autoradiography of DNA
      halo-matrix structures confirmed the biochemical observations. The presence or
      absence of preferential repair of nuclear matrix-associated DNA paralleled the
      presence or absence of inhomogeneity in the distribution of T4 endonuclease-V
      sensitive sites. A detailed analysis of repair events in xeroderma pigmentosum
      cells of complementation group C showed that after 2 h post-u.v. incubation,
      repair events were found at both attachment sites in a limited number of loops
      and that large domains of loops were not subjected to repair.

PMID- 3708761
TI  - Enhanced glucose consumption in erythrocytes under mechanical stress.
AB  - In this paper we study the question of whether the unique features of erythrocyte
      (biconcave shape, extremely high deformability etc.) result only from the
      specific structural characteristics of the membrane or whether the maintenance of
      these features is conditioned by the supply of chemical energy. It is shown that
      glucose, the main source of cell energy, is consumed at a markedly increased rate
      when there is appreciable mechanical stress of the cell. This observation
      supports the hypothesis that there is utilization of chemical energy for the
      mechanical needs of the membrane.

PMID- 3708762
TI  - Trophic interactions between rat nerves and blood vessels in denervated
      peripheral arteries and in anterior eye chamber transplants.
AB  - This investigation was undertaken to examine trophic interrelationships between
      nerves and arteries in male Wistar rats. Two approaches were used. (1) Surgical
      denervation of two peripheral muscular arteries in the thigh (the superficial
      epigastric and saphenous) was carried out on young animals (5-20 days old). (2)
      Arteries from young adults, either with a high density of innervation in situ
      (the tail artery), or virtually uninnervated (the femoral artery), were
      transplanted into intact or sympathectomized anterior eye chambers of adult rat
      hosts. In the denervation experiments, the maximum length of time before
      reinnervation occurred was 15 days postoperatively. The only evidence of
      morphological change in the vessel wall was in the external elastic lamina that
      became irregular and laminated. Reinnervation followed the typical developmental
      sequence, and was accelerated in the younger animals and by a double lesion.
      Translocating the proximal part of the nerve carrying the vasomotor innervation
      indicated that sprouting was directional toward the muscular arteries, bypassing
      an artery with very sparse innervation. The transplant experiments into the
      anterior eye chamber showed that only an artery densely innervated in situ (the
      tail artery) could induce reinnervation by iridean nerve sprouting. The tail
      artery, in the chamber lacking adrenergic innervation of the iris, became
      reinnervated by terminals with small agranular vesicles. These vesicles were part
      of Schwann cell complexes, at a similar relative density, occupying the same
      position in the vessel wall, as the ingrowing nerves in the fully innervated
      iris. The latter also had a proportion of terminals with the small clear
      vesicles. A small population of large granular vesicles could also be found in
      both types of terminals. Therefore, tissue normally having only sympathetic
      innervation cannot be assumed to be completely noninnervated when transplanted
      into a sympathectomized anterior eye chamber. The denervation and transplant
      experiments described here demonstrated the presence of trophic interactions
      between nerves and arteries, but also revealed a heterogeneity of response
      between vessels with very high and extremely low levels of innervation in situ.

PMID- 3708763
TI  - The influence of pressure overload left ventricular hypertrophy on diastolic
      properties during hypoxia in isovolumically contracting rat hearts.
AB  - We tested the hypothesis that there is an enhanced susceptibility in
      hypertrophied cardiac muscle to develop decreased diastolic distensibility of the
      left ventricle in response to hypoxia. The effects of brief hypoxia (3 minutes)
      were studied in rats with and without chronic left ventricular pressure overload
      hypertrophy using an isolated buffer-perfused and isovolumic (balloon-in-left
      ventricle) heart preparation with excised pericardium and vented right ventricle.
      We compared hypertrophied hearts from hearts from hypertensive uninephrectomized
      Wistar-Kyoto rats (n = 12) with normotensive uninephrectomized age-matched
      controls (n = 13). Coronary flow was held constant and adjusted so that an
      identical flow per gram left ventricular weight was achieved in both groups. The
      left ventricular balloon volume was adjusted to produce an initial left
      ventricular end-diastolic pressure of 10 mm Hg in both groups and was held
      constant thereafter so that changes in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure
      during hypoxia represented changes in diastolic chamber distensibility. Under
      aerobic conditions, left ventricular systolic pressure was 66% higher in the
      hypertrophied hearts than in the controls, but there was no difference in the
      rate or extent of left ventricular relaxation as estimated by the exponential
      time constant of pressure decay and the asymptote to which pressure decayed. In
      response to hypoxia, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was significantly
      higher in the hypertrophied hearts than in the controls (37 +/- 5 vs. 22 +/- 5 mm
      Hg, P less than 0.001). In response to hypoxia, the rate of left ventricular
      relaxation was depressed to a comparable degree in both groups, but there was a
      greater upward shift in the asymptote to which pressure decayed in the
      hypertrophied hearts. Hypoxia-induced coronary vasodilation as assessed by the
      change in coronary vascular resistance was similar in the hypertrophied and
      control hearts (2.9 +/- 0.5 vs. 2.3 +/- 0.9 mm Hg/[(ml/min)/g], NS). The degree
      of hypoxia-induced anaerobic metabolism as estimated by the coronary arterial
      venous lactate concentration difference was also similar in both groups (-0.72 +/
      0.23 vs. -0.73 +/- 0.16 mM/liter, NS). It is concluded that brief hypoxia
      results in a greater decrease in diastolic distensibility of the left ventricle
      in the presence of chronic pressure overload hypertrophy than in its absence.

PMID- 3708764
TI  - Left ventricular mechanics related to the local distribution of oxygen demand
      throughout the wall.
AB  - The complex interactions between left ventricular mechanics and the oxygen demand
      is studied by relating the left ventricular transmural oxygen demand to the
      myocardial structural and dynamic characteristics. The study utilizes a recent
      model of left ventricular contraction, which is based on a nested shell
      spheroidal geometry, a fan-like fibrous structure, the twisting motion of the
      left ventricle over its long axis, a transmural electrical activation propagation
      and the basic laws of sarcomere dynamics. The local "axial" stress (in the
      direction of the fibers) and the instantaneous sarcomere length are used to
      calculate the spatial distribution of the intramural oxygen demand per beat
      Vo2(y), where y is the distance from the endocardium. The normalized local
      sarcomere stress-length area SLAn(y) is related linearly to Vo2(y) by: Vo2(y) =
      K1 X SLAn(y) + K2, where K1 and K2 are constants. The calculations show a
      transmural metabolic gradient which is characterized by higher values of Vo2(y)
      in the endocardial layers than in the epicardial layers. Shorter endocardial
      sarcomeres and the twisting motion of the left ventricle around the long axis
      decrease the metabolic gradient across the wall, while a slow transmural
      electrical propagation wave as well as a wider angle of distribution of the fan
      like fiber architecture increases the transmural metabolic gradient. Integration
      of the local oxygen demand across the left ventricular wall yields global values
      in agreement with those based on Suga's pressure-volume area approach. The model
      thus provides a qualitative and quantitative tool to assess the relation of the
      local and global oxygen demand to the complex left ventricular structure, fiber
      mechanics, and the dynamics of contraction.

PMID- 3708765
TI  - Regional comparison of midwall segment and area shortening in the canine left
      ventricle.
AB  - We used ultrasonic segment length gauges to examine the regional behavior of
      midwall fibers at different sites around the left ventricular minor axis in 12
      anesthetized dogs. In six dogs (group I) with circumferentially oriented midwall
      gauges, significantly greater shortening of anterior than lateral or posterior
      wall segments was demonstrated over a range of left ventricular end-diastolic
      pressures from 2 to 18 mm Hg. Normalized end-diastolic segment lengths increased
      more in the anterior wall as end-diastolic pressure increased, suggesting that
      regional differences in diastolic distensibility may in part account for the
      observed shortening differences. To examine the extent to which shortening of
      longitudinally oriented fibers of the subendocardium and subepicardium might
      influence the behavior of the midwall circumferential fibers, we implanted
      mutually perpendicular midwall gauges circumferentially and longitudinally in the
      anterior and posterior walls in six dogs (group II). Longitudinal shortening of
      midwall fibers was negligible at low end-diastolic pressures, but increased
      significantly at higher end-diastolic pressures. In the anterior wall, there was
      greater circumferential than longitudinal shortening, whereas, in the posterior
      wall, shortening was similar in the two directions. Finally, we calculated the
      midwall area subtended by the mutually perpendicular gauges and found the
      systolic change in midwall area to be similar for the anterior and posterior
      walls at all end-diastolic pressures. We conclude that midwall fibers demonstrate
      considerable nonuniformity of contraction at different sites around the minor
      axis. This finding may be related in part to regional differences in diastolic
      distensibility or in functional interactions between fiber layers. Despite these
      complex regional, directional, and volume dependent differences in midwall
      segment function, the systolic changes in midwall area did not vary regionally.
      Thus, different midwall sites around the minor axis circumference appear to have
      similar overall contributions to the ejection of blood.

PMID- 3708766
TI  - Load regulation of the properties of adult feline cardiocytes. The role of
      substrate adhesion.
AB  - We have recently described rapid and reversible changes in cardiac structure,
      function, and composition in response to surgical load alteration in vivo. In the
      present study, we used a simple, well-defined in vitro experimental model system,
      consisting of terminally differentiated quiescent adult cat ventricular
      cardiocytes maintained in serum-free culture medium, to assess more definitively
      the role of loading conditions in regulating these same biological properties of
      heart muscle. Cardiocytes considered to be externally loaded were adherent
      throughout their length to a protein substrate, such that the tendency for the
      ends of the cells to retract was prevented. Cardiocytes considered to be unloaded
      were not adherent to a substrate and, thus, were free to assume a spherical
      shape. Cardiocyte structure and surface area were assessed, in initially
      identified cells, both by serial light microscopy and by terminal electron
      microscopy. Cardiocyte function was assessed in terms of the ability to exclude
      trypan blue, to remain quiescent with relaxed sarcomeres containing I-bands, and
      to shorten in response to electrical stimulation. Cardiocyte composition was
      first assessed by quantitative gel electrophoresis of proteins and then by
      microfluorimetric measurement of ribonucleic acid, protein, and deoxyribonucleic
      acid. In addition, cardiocyte incorporation of [3H]thymidine into
      deoxyribonucleic acid and [3H]uridine into ribonucleic acid were measured.
      Loading via substrate adhesion was found to be very effective in terms of each of
      these measurements in retaining the differentiated features of adult cardiocytes
      for up to 2 weeks in culture; unattached and thus unloaded cardiocytes quickly
      dedifferentiated. Conditions thought to stimulate cardiac growth, including
      catecholamine stimulation, were found to be ineffective. These experiments
      demonstrate that external load has a primary role in the maintenance of the basic
      differentiated properties of adult mammalian cardiocytes.

PMID- 3708767
TI  - Dynamic interactions and mutual synchronization of sinoatrial node pacemaker
      cells. A mathematical model.
AB  - Dynamic interactions and mutual entrainment of coupled sinoatrial pacemaker cells
      with different intrinsic frequencies were investigated using a computerized
      mathematical model. Transmembrane potentials were simulated using equations of
      individual membrane currents based on voltage clamp data for the sinoatrial node.
      The intrinsic frequency of a given cell was altered by applying bias
      hyperpolarizing current, or by changing the amount of slow inward current. Cells
      were coupled through simple ohmic resistances to form linear arrays of two or
      more cells. Simulations closely reproduced previous experimental work showing
      that the mutual interactions between pacemakers are mediated electrotonically and
      show phase dependence. Results from the present simulations provide an
      explanation for the ionic basis of these phase-dependent interactions. In
      addition, it is demonstrated that the mutual entrainment of coupled pacemakers
      can lead to their coordinated behavior (synchronization). Two pacemaker cells can
      synchronize at simple harmonic (i.e., 1:1, 2:1, etc.) or more complex ratios
      (3:2, 5:3, etc.), depending on the differences in intrinsic frequencies and the
      degree of electrical coupling between cells. Simulations using larger numbers of
      linearly connected cells yielded various patterns of pacemaker activity including
      2:1 sinoatrial block and complex dysrhythmic activity. The overall results may be
      used to predict higher order interactions of thousands of cells comprising the
      sinus node. Under such a scheme, synchronization occurs not by the conducted
      influence of a dominant pacemaker cell, but by the mutual "democratic"
      interaction of individual pacemaker cells.

PMID- 3708768
TI  - Ryanodine inhibits the release of calcium from intracellular stores in guinea pig
      aortic smooth muscle.
AB  - We have examined the effects of ryanodine, an inhibitor of the release of
      sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium in cardiac muscle, on contractile tension and
      calcium-45 movement in aortic smooth muscle of guinea pigs to learn whether this
      agent also modifies the release of stored calcium in vascular smooth muscle.
      Ryanodine (3-100 microM) suppressed the phasic contractions induced by caffeine
      and norepinephrine in calcium-free medium and prevented the stimulation of
      calcium-45 efflux by these agonists. Ryanodine did not significantly alter either
      the contractile response or the increased cellular influx of calcium-45 caused by
      high potassium in more than 1 mM calcium, suggesting that this agent does not
      affect depolarization-induced calcium entry into the cells. In a calcium-free,
      high potassium solution, the addition of calcium at concentrations of 1 mM and
      less resulted in a contraction which appeared to depend largely on the release of
      calcium from intracellular stores. This contraction was blocked by ryanodine.
      These data are consistent with the hypothesis that ryanodine causes a diminished
      release of calcium from the intracellular store in vascular smooth muscle, as it
      does in cardiac muscle. Moreover, our results indicate that a calcium-induced
      calcium release may exist in smooth muscle, and that this release is antagonized
      by ryanodine.

PMID- 3708769
TI  - Diagnostic changes in plasma creatine kinase isoforms early after the onset of
      acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - Conventional plasma isoenzyme and enzyme values usually are normal during the
      first few hours of acute myocardial infarction. Thus definitive diagnosis may be
      delayed. We have shown recently that infarction in dogs can be detected within 1
      hr after coronary occlusion by analysis of relative activities of MM creatine
      kinase (CK) isoforms in plasma. Isoforms of MM CK evolve through
      posttranslational modifications in plasma of the form released from tissue (MMA)
      to MMB and MMC. In this study we quantified changes in isoform profiles in the
      first available plasma samples from patients with evolving myocardial infarction,
      from patients with angina, and from normal subjects. In the 26 control subjects,
      the ratio of MMA to MMC was 1.09 +/- 0.4 (SE) (range 0.31 to 3.1; upper limit of
      normal [defined as the mean plus 2 SD] 2.5). In the seven control patients with
      coronary artery disease, the ratio of MMA to MMC was 1.3 +/- 0.3 with a range of
      0.5 to 2.5. In contrast, among the 28 patients with acute myocardial infarction,
      the ratio of MMA to MMC in the first available plasma sample averaged 14.6 +/-
      4.5 (p less than .01 compared with both control groups). First available samples
      were obtained 3.9 +/- 0.4 hr after the onset of pain. In 24 of 28 patients (86%)
      the ratio of MMA to MMC was greater than 2.5.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3708770
TI  - The influence of surgery on the natural history of angiographically documented
      left ventricular aneurysm: the Coronary Artery Surgery Study.
AB  - Coronary artery bypass surgery with or without aneurysmectomy has been used to
      treat patients with angiographically defined left ventricular aneurysm. To
      evaluate whether surgery benefits such patients, we analyzed the data from 1131
      patients who were enrolled in the registry of the Coronary Artery Surgery Study.
      Four hundred sixty-seven patients underwent bypass surgery, of which 238 also had
      left ventricular resection, and 30 had resection alone. The overall operative
      mortality was 7.9%; the operative mortality was 7% for bypass alone compared with
      9% for bypass surgery plus left ventricular resection (NS). Long-term survival by
      life-table analysis was similar for both medically and surgically treated
      patients (69% vs 67%, respectively). Cox survival analysis identified congestive
      heart failure score, duration of chest pain, extent of coronary disease, left
      ventricular end-diastolic pressure, age, and surgical therapy as important
      predictors of outcome. Patient subsets that showed improved survival with
      surgical therapy after adjustment for inequities in baseline characteristics were
      patients with three-vessel disease and those patients in moderate- and high-risk
      subgroups. Surgical therapy significantly reduced symptoms of angina and use of
      cardiac medications but the incidence of recurrent infarction was similar for
      both therapies.

PMID- 3708771
TI  - Direct measurement of inner and outer wall thickening dynamics with epicardial
      echocardiography.
AB  - Simple geometric models of the left ventricle and indirect experimental
      measurements suggest that the inner myocardial wall contributes the largest
      fraction to total wall thickening. We measured transmural differences in regional
      wall thickening directly, using an epicardial M mode echocardiographic transducer
      (6 mm diameter, 5 MHz) placed on the anterior free wall of the left ventricle.
      Wall thickness was partitioned into inner and outer regions by inserting a waxed,
      3-0 suture at different depths within the wall. The suture was used as an
      intramural echo target that was imaged simultaneously with the endocardium to
      determine inner and outer fractional contribution to total wall thickness. Data
      were collected in open-chest dogs at rest, during inotropic stimulation with
      isoproterenol, and during right heart bypass, which was used to vary cardiac
      output and preload. Results obtained with this method demonstrated that systolic
      wall thickness was nonuniform at rest and during each intervention. The
      fractional contributions to total wall thickening of the inner, middle, and outer
      thirds of the myocardial wall were estimated from the data to be 58%, 25%, and
      17%, respectively. The experimental findings corresponded closely to theoretical
      predictions, supporting the conclusion that a gradient of thickening exists
      across the myocardial wall, with the inner portion of the wall contributing the
      largest fraction to total systolic thickening.

PMID- 3708772
TI  - The shift in the relationship between intrapericardial fluid pressure and volume
      induced by acute left ventricular pressure overload during cardiac tamponade.
AB  - We hypothesized that a process leading to an acute increase in cardiac size would
      change the relationship between intrapericardial pressure and fluid volume during
      cardiac tamponade, resulting in a change in the time of onset of right
      ventricular diastolic collapse (RVDC) as seen on the two-dimensional
      echocardiogram. Five spontaneously breathing dogs were instrumented to measure
      ascending aortic and right atrial blood pressures and intrapericardial pressure
      (IPP). A hydraulic occluder was placed around the proximal descending thoracic
      aorta. Each animal underwent six consecutive episodes of cardiac tamponade, three
      in the presence alternating with three in the absence of aortic constriction. The
      onset of RVDC was recorded and the volume infused into the pericardial space was
      measured. In the presence of aortic constriction, the relationship between
      pericardial pressure and incremental pericardial fluid volume was shifted so that
      IPP was an average of 3.4 mm Hg higher at any given intrapericardial fluid volume
      (p less than .001). At the onset of RVDC, the mean IPP was higher and the
      intrapericardial fluid volume was lower during aortic constriction than under
      control conditions (p less than .001 for both comparisons). Thus, a rapid
      increase in left ventricular volume in the presence of an otherwise unimportant
      pericardial effusion may increase intrapericardial fluid pressure sufficiently to
      cause RVDC.

PMID- 3708773
TI  - Left ventricular filling dynamics: influence of left ventricular relaxation and
      left atrial pressure.
AB  - Peak rapid filling rate (PRFR) is often used clinically as an index of left
      ventricular relaxation, i.e., of early diastolic function. This study tests the
      hypothesis that early filling rate is a function of the atrioventricular pressure
      difference and hence is influenced by the left atrial pressure as well as by the
      rate of left ventricular relaxation. As indexes, we chose the left atrial
      pressure at the atrioventricular pressure crossover (PCO), and the time constant
      (T) of an assumed exponential decline in left ventricular pressure. We accurately
      determined the magnitude and timing of filling parameters in conscious dogs by
      direct measurement of phasic mitral flow (electromagnetically) and high-fidelity
      chamber pressures. To obtain a diverse hemodynamic data base, loading conditions
      were changed by infusions of volume and angiotensin II. The latter was
      administered to produce a change in left ventricular pressure of less than 35% (A
      1) or a change in peak left ventricular pressure of greater than 35% (A-2). PRFR
      increased with volume loading, was unchanged with A-1, and was decreased with A
      2; T and PCO increased in all three groups (p less than .005 for all changes).
      PRFR correlated strongly with the diastolic atrioventricular pressure difference
      at the time of PRFR (r = .899, p less than .001) and weakly with both T (r =
      .369, p less than .01) and PCO (r = .601, p less than .001). The correlation
      improved significantly when T and PCO were both included in the multivariate
      regression (r = .797, p less than .0001). PRFR is thus determined by both the
      left atrial pressure and the left ventricular relaxation rate and should be used
      with caution as an index of left ventricular diastolic function.

PMID- 3708774
TI  - Pharmacologic conversion and suppression of experimental canine atrial flutter:
      differing effects of d-sotalol, quinidine, and lidocaine and significance of
      changes in refractoriness and conduction.
AB  - The electrophysiologic determinants of conversion and the prevention of atrial
      flutter are poorly defined. This issue was therefore investigated by evaluating
      the effects of the new class III antiarrhythmic drug d-sotalol and the class I
      antiarrhythmic drugs quinidine and lidocaine. Atrial flutter was reproducibly
      induced in the open-chest anesthetized dog with intercaval crush and rapid atrial
      pacing. In this preparation, intravenous d-sotalol restored sinus rhythm in 14 of
      15 (93%) dogs, whereas quinidine converted nine of 15 (60%) and lidocaine two of
      10 (20%). d-Sotalol prevented reinduction in eight (53%), whereas quinidine was
      effective in four (27%) and lidocaine in none (0%). In the atria, d-sotalol
      induced significant increases in effective refractory period (+32%; p less than
      .01), functional refractory period (+30%; p less than .01), conduction time at an
      atrial paced cycle length of 150 msec (+9%; p less than .05), and atrial flutter
      cycle length (+8%; p less than .01). Quinidine increased effective refractory
      period (+40%; p less than .01), functional refractory period (+27%; p less than
      .01), conduction time at sinus cycle length (+13%; p less than .01), conduction
      time at an atrial paced cycle length of 150 msec (+18%; p less than .01), and
      atrial flutter cycle length (+31%; p less than .01). Lidocaine decreased
      functional refractory period (-6%; p less than .05) while lengthening the atrial
      flutter cycle length (+13%; p less than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3708775
TI  - Evolution of a hereditary cardiac conduction and muscle disorder: a study
      involving a family with six generations affected.
AB  - This study describes six generations of a family with autosomal dominant cardiac
      conduction system and myocardial disease with recognizable clinical stages. A 20
      year follow-up of nine family members, a medical questionnaire of 196,
      electrocardiographic screening of 91, noninvasive testing of 20, and
      catheterization with endomyocardial biopsy of six are the basis of this report.
      The clinical stages are as follows: Stage I occurs in the second and third
      decades of life and is characterized by an absence of symptoms, normal heart
      size, sinus bradycardia, and premature atrial contractions. Stage II is marked by
      first-degree atrioventricular block in the third and fourth decades. Stage III
      occurs in the fourth and fifth decades and is accompanied by chest pain, fatigue,
      lightheadedness, and advanced atrioventricular block followed by the development
      of atrial fibrillation or flutter. Stage IV, in the fifth and sixth decades of
      life, is characterized by congestive heart failure and recurrent ventricular
      arrhythmias. Light microscopy of right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy
      specimens from patients in stage II revealed very mild fibrosis; electron
      microscopy of the specimens demonstrated mild dilatation of tubules,
      mitochondrial swelling, and minimal myofibrillar loss. Biopsy specimens from
      patients with stage III disease were similar to those from patients with stage II
      disease except for an increase of myofibrillar loss. The stage IV specimens had
      diffuse fibrosis and more severe tubular dilatation, mitochondrial cristolysis,
      and myofibrillar loss. At autopsy in the proband, the atrial changes were more
      severe than the ventricular and were especially marked in the sinoatrial and
      atrial myocardium. Early recognition of the disease and use of pacemakers and
      antiarrhythmic agents have proved beneficial for affected family members.
      Thorough family studies of patients with conduction system disease and/or dilated
      cardiomyopathy are necessary to better understand the hereditary basis and
      natural course of this category of disease.

PMID- 3708776
TI  - Interrelationship of mid-diastolic mitral valve motion, pulmonary venous flow,
      and transmitral flow.
AB  - This study offers a unifying mechanism of left ventricular filling dynamics to
      link the unexplained mid-diastolic motion of the mitral valve with an associated
      increase in transmitral flow, with the phasic character of pulmonary vein flow,
      and with changes in the atrioventricular pressure difference. M mode echograms of
      mitral valve motion and Doppler echocardiograms of mitral and pulmonary vein flow
      velocities were recorded in 12 healthy volunteers (heart rate = 60 +/- 9
      beats/min). All echocardiograms showed an undulation in the mitral valve (L
      motion) at a relatively constant delay from the peak of the diastolic phase of
      pulmonary vein flow (K phase). In six subjects, the L motion was also associated
      with a distinct wave of mitral flow (L wave). Measured from the onset of the QRS
      complex, Q-K was 577 +/- 39 msec; Q-L was 703 +/- 42 msec, and K-L was 125 +/- 16
      msec. Multiple measurements within each subject during respiratory variations in
      RR interval indicated exceptionally small differences in the temporal
      relationships (mean coefficient of variation 2%). Early rapid flow deceleration
      is caused by a reversal of the atrioventricular pressure gradient, and the L wave
      arises from the subsequent reestablishment of a positive gradient due to left
      atrial filling via the pulmonary veins. The mitral valve moves passively in
      response to the flowing blood and the associated pressure difference. This
      interpretation is confirmed by (1) a computational model, and (2) a retrospective
      analysis of data from patients with mitral stenosis and from conscious dogs
      instrumented to measure transmitral pressure-flow relationships.

PMID- 3708777
TI  - Postinfarction ventricular septal rupture: the importance of location of
      infarction and right ventricular function in determining survival.
AB  - Over a 5.5 year period, 1264 consecutive patients with acute myocardial
      infarction as confirmed by enzyme levels were prospectively identified. Of these,
      25 (2%) suffered ventricular septal rupture (pulmonary/systemic flow range 1.5 to
      6) 7 +/- 7 days after onset of myocardial infarction. Death occurred in 14
      patients (56%) and was more common after inferior than anterior myocardial
      infarction (11 of 15 [73%] vs three of 10 [30%], p less than .05). Among 133
      variables analyzed, survivors and nonsurvivors were similar with respect to all
      premorbid clinical characteristics, infarct size as assessed by peak creatine
      kinase values, shunt size, two-dimensional echocardiographic and hemodynamic
      indexes of left ventricular function, and extent of coronary disease. Compared
      with survivors, the nonsurvivors had greater impairment of right ventricular
      function as determined by a higher two-dimensional echocardiographically derived
      right ventricular wall motion index (RVWMI) (0.55 +/- 0.87 vs 1.70 +/- 0.45, p
      less than .001), greater elevation of right ventricular end-diastolic pressure
      (11 +/- 6 vs 17 +/- 6, p less than .02), and greater mean right atrial pressure
      (10 +/- 6 vs 16 +/- 3, p less than .01). Of interest, two of the three patients
      who presented with anterior myocardial infarction and who died had inferiorly
      extended infarcts and all had abnormal RVWMIs (greater than or equal to 1.0). As
      expected, cardiogenic shock shortly after onset of ventricular septal rupture was
      associated with a 91% mortality, but was more common after inferior than anterior
      myocardial infarction (60% vs 20%, p less than .05). The mean effective cardiac
      index was also higher in survivors than nonsurvivors (2.1 +/- 0.5 vs 1.2 +/- 0.5,
      p less than .001). Finally, multivariate analysis indicated that all nonsurvivors
      could be identified based on: an effective cardiac index of 1.75 liters/min/m2 or
      less, the presence of extensive right ventricular and septal dysfunction on the
      two-dimensional echocardiogram, a mean right atrial pressure of 12 mm Hg or more,
      and early onset of ventricular septal rupture. Thus, our data demonstrate that:
      mortality is higher when ventricular septal rupture complicates inferior than
      when it complicates anterior myocardial infarction, survivors can be
      distinguished from nonsurvivors and the prediction of outcome is highly accurate,
      and combined right ventricular and septal dysfunction has a substantial impact on
      prognosis.

PMID- 3708778
TI  - Clinical and prognostic importance of persistent precordial (V1-V4)
      electrocardiographic ST segment depression in patients with inferior transmural
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - Forty-three consecutive patients with acute inferior transmural myocardial
      infarction but no history or electrocardiographic evidence of prior myocardial
      infarction were evaluated prospectively to assess the clinical and prognostic
      importance of persistent precordial (V1-V4) ST segment depression. Patients were
      evaluated within 24 hr of admission by history, physical examination, cardiac
      enzyme levels, right heart catheterization, and radionuclide angiography; all
      were followed for 1 year. Ten of the 43 patients (group I) had persistent
      anterior precordial ST segment depression, defined as 1 mm or greater in one or
      more precordial leads (V1-V4) 24 hr after admission to the coronary care unit,
      and 33 patients (group II) did not. Clinical variables that differed between
      groups I and II, respectively, included mean age (67 +/- 9 [+/- 1 SD] vs 59 +/- 8
      years; p less than .01), incidence of Killip class II to IV (100% vs 33%; p less
      than .001), and average peak creatine kinase concentration (2878 +/- 1139 vs 1511
      +/- 1034 IU/liter; p less than .001). Hemodynamic differences between groups I
      and II included a higher pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (19 +/- 4 vs 11 +/- 5
      mm Hg; p less than .001) and a lower cardiac index (2.0 +/- 0.5 vs 2.6 +/- 0.7
      liters/min/m2; p less than .05). An evaluation of left ventricular ejection
      fraction and wall motion index by radionuclide angiography showed that group I
      had a lower ejection fraction (44 +/- 11% vs 53 +/- 10%; p less than .05) and
      higher wall motion index (1.7 +/- 0.4 vs 1.4 +/- 0.3; p less than .05) compared
      with group II.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3708779
TI  - Anatomic-physiologic links between acute coronary syndromes.

PMID- 3708780
TI  - Blacks in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study: risk factors and coronary artery
      disease.
AB  - In this paper we examine the relationship between risk factors and
      angiographically determined coronary artery disease for blacks and whites
      enrolled in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS). Analysis of data from the
      CASS registry indicated that blacks had a higher incidence of hypertension and
      current cigarette smoking than did whites in CASS and that chest pain was the
      major reason that both blacks and whites underwent coronary angiography for
      suspected or proven coronary disease. The CASS data also showed that, despite
      high levels of risk factors and chest pain, blacks had minimal or absent coronary
      disease. The results of this study raise several questions. First, to what extent
      are blacks in CASS representative of blacks in the general population and blacks
      undergoing coronary angiography? Additionally, are risk factors for coronary
      artery disease different for blacks than for whites? And finally, how does the
      physician effectively treat the black patient with high levels of risk factors
      and minimal coronary disease?

PMID- 3708781
TI  - Features of the exercise test that reflect the activity of ischemic heart disease
      out of hospital.
AB  - To better understand the relationship between the transient myocardial ischemia
      seen during an exercise test and ischemic activity out of hospital, 39 patients
      with well-documented coronary artery disease underwent standard treadmill
      exercise testing (Bruce protocol) and 24 to 48 hr of continuous ambulatory
      electrocardiographic monitoring during normal daily activities. A total of 245
      episodes of transient ischemia were recorded in 21 of 32 patients with positive
      exercise electrocardiograms (group I), whereas seven patients with negative test
      results (group II) had no episodes of transient ischemia, during monitoring out
      of hospital (p less than .01). Certain measures in the exercise test were related
      to the severity of ischemia out of hospital: there were more episodes and a
      greater total duration of transient ischemia per 24 hr of ambulatory monitoring
      in patients who developed ischemic electrocardiographic changes before 6 min of
      exercise (p less than or equal to .021) or at a heart rate of less than 150
      beats/min (p = .005) and in those in whom these ST segment changes persisted for
      more than 5 min after exercise (p less than or equal to .016). In contrast, there
      was no relationship between transient ischemia out of hospital and the commonly
      quoted exercise variables: chest pain, total exercise duration, and the maximum
      levels of heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and double product. Thus, patients
      with coronary artery disease and negative exercise electrocardiograms are most
      unlikely to experience active ischemia during normal daily life.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3708782
TI  - The role of initial minimum potentials on body surface maps in predicting the
      site of accessory pathways in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.
AB  - Forty-one patients (23 men and 18 women, ages 20 to 66 years) with Wolff
      Parkinson-White syndrome were studied with isopotential body surface maps during
      sinus rhythm to find the most reliable index for predicting the sites of single
      accessory pathways. The sites predicted by surface maps were compared with those
      confirmed by multicatheter electrophysiologic study or in the course of surgical
      operation. Location of the initial minimum by a time criterion, 40 msec after
      onset of the QRS complex, was not reliable enough for prediction in patients with
      the small delta wave on their electrocardiograms, because ventricular activation
      via the normal conduction pathway significantly influenced the location of the
      minimum. Location of the minimum by an amplitude criterion, -0.15 mV or slightly
      deeper, was influenced minimally by fusion of ventricular activation, the
      patient's body size, or age and corresponded well to the site of the accessory
      pathway in 36 of 41 patients. Those minima appeared on circumscribed areas of the
      map in accordance with the anatomic subdivisions of the atrioventricular ring.
      Thus location of the minimum by the amplitude criterion was an excellent index
      for predicting the site of the accessory pathway, regardless of the degree of
      ventricular fusion. These amplitude-based map features suggest that nonstandard
      electrocardiograms recorded from selected positions on the body surface can be
      used as accurate predictors of the sites of accessory pathways.

PMID- 3708784
TI  - New correlations in keratoconus using pachymetric and keratometric analysis.

PMID- 3708783
TI  - Assessment of the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship in human beings with
      the use of a time-varying elastance model.
AB  - The analysis of left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relationships in
      human beings has been hindered by the lack of a practical method of serial volume
      assessment and by an imprecise definition of end-systole. Modifications of the
      end-systolic relationship that have been used to circumvent these problems have
      included the use of single-point end-systolic pressure-volume ratios, the use of
      peak systolic pressure/minimum ventricular volume points for end-systolic points,
      and the use of end-ejection as a marker for end-systole. To assess the
      correlation between the parameters generated by these modifications with the
      slope (Emax) and volume intercept (VO) of the end-systolic line as defined by
      Sagawa's model of time-varying elastance, simultaneous measurement of left
      ventricular pressure and gated radionuclide volume was made in 26 patients under
      various loading conditions and pressure-volume diagrams were constructed for each
      loading condition from 32 simultaneous pressure-volume coordinates. Two pressure
      volume diagrams were recorded in 14 patients and three pressure-volume diagrams
      were recorded in 12 patients. Emax and VO were determined in all patients from
      the slope and volume intercept of the isochronic pressure-volume line with the
      maximum time-varying elastance as described by Sagawa's model and were designated
      true Emax and true VO, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3708786
TI  - Laughing at contact lens wearers.

PMID- 3708785
TI  - Alloplastic refractive keratophakia: a comparison of predictive algorithms.

PMID- 3708787
TI  - An ocular telephoto system designed to improve vision in macular disease.

PMID- 3708788
TI  - Inspection and measurement of soft contact lenses using a new instrument.

PMID- 3708789
TI  - Inflammatory mediators in nasal secretions during induced rhinitis.

PMID- 3708790
TI  - Early and late allergic bronchial reactions: physiological characteristics.
AB  - Twenty-four patients with asthma of suspected allergic origin were subjected to a
      total of twenty-five bronchial provocations with the relevant allergen. Eighteen
      of them reacted with bronchial obstruction: eleven with an isolated early
      reaction, five with a dual reaction and two with only a late reaction. Extensive
      lung function tests were performed. The patterns of early and late reactions were
      qualitatively very similar regarding variables of pulmonary physiological
      function, but there were quantitative differences. Patients with dual reactions
      showed significantly greater changes in FEV1, RV and TGV during the early
      response than those with isolated early reactions. Maximum mid-expiratory flow
      rates with the patients breathing air and a mixture of He and O2 were measured
      before and 6 hr after the challenges. Four of five patients with both an
      immediate and a late response showed a decrease in the response to helium during
      the latter phase, suggesting increasing involvement of the small airways. An
      increase in the slope of the alveolar plateau (phase III) was observed in four of
      the five patients with dual responses and all five had increased CC%. It was
      concluded that the changes in pulmonary function occurring during the dual
      responses were widespread, involving the airways generally and resembling those
      in the clinically more severe asthma. Usually, individuals with dual reactions
      showed stronger reactions. In two cases, however, a late reaction was obtained
      without any preceding early reaction.

PMID- 3708791
TI  - Cross-reactivity between deciduous trees during immunotherapy. I. In vivo
      results.
AB  - Thirty-nine children with rhinoconjunctivitis due to birch pollinosis were given
      immunotherapy for 3 years with a potent, purified pollen preparation made from
      either birch alone or from a mixture of birch, alder and hazel. The therapy was
      evaluated with self-evaluation after each season, daily symptom score during the
      season, conjunctival provocation test and skin-prick test. All children but one
      considered that their condition had been improved by the treatment. Symptom
      scores decreased slightly more in the group treated with the mixture than in the
      group treated with birch only due to symptoms decreasing faster in the mixture
      treated group after each pollen peak (P less than 0.001). The sensitivity of the
      conjunctiva and the skin decreased significantly in both groups but without any
      significant differences between the groups. After 3 years the conjunctival
      sensitivity correlated strongly to eye symptoms during the season. Immunotherapy
      with a mixture of birch, alder and hazel appears to be at least as effective as a
      preparation made from birch only when treating birch pollinosis even in a region
      where birch is totally dominating among the pollens from deciduous trees.

PMID- 3708792
TI  - Does immunotherapy have a role in the treatment of asthma?

PMID- 3708793
TI  - Methods of therapeutic drug analysis.
AB  - Chromatographic and homogeneous immunoassay methods are in widespread use in the
      clinical laboratory. This manuscript reviews the basic principles of each with
      particular reference to their use in the quantitative assay of therapeutic drugs
      in serum.

PMID- 3708794
TI  - The role of the laboratory in acute poisoning: case histories.
AB  - We describe case histories and management of four patients poisoned with
      different compounds. The role of the laboratory, particularly of toxicological
      analysis, in the management of poisoned patients is examined.

PMID- 3708795
TI  - In vitro analysis of idiosyncratic drug reactions.
AB  - Adverse drug reactions unrelated to dose or blood level remain a major diagnostic
      problem, source of morbidity or even mortality for patients, and threat to the
      development of new therapeutic agents. Many such reactions are mediated by
      electrophilic drug metabolites capable of covalently interacting with cell
      macromolecules. Such interactions can result in cell death, mutations, or
      formation of haptens. We have used human cells as targets of metabolites
      generated by murine hepatic microsomes as a means of diagnosing reactions (in
      vitro re-challenge), studying their pharmacogenetic basis, and predicting
      toxicity risk from future treatment. Such an approach has been particularly
      useful in studying toxic reactions to liver and bone marrow caused by aromatic
      anticonvulsants such as phenytoin.

PMID- 3708796
TI  - Drug monitoring in the elderly.
AB  - Although the gut changes markedly with age no important differences in drug
      absorption have yet been demonstrated for any of a wide variety of drugs.
      Alterations in body structure and function can have important consequences on
      drug distribution in the elderly. There is a considerable reduction in total body
      mass with age and the proportion of lean body tissue decreases while there is a
      relative increase in the amount of adipose tissue. Protein binding of drugs can
      also be affected by age. Acidic drugs may be bound less in many older patients,
      mainly because of a general decrease in plasma albumin concentrations. Alpha-1
      acid glycoprotein is of importance in the binding of basic drugs and its
      elevation in the elderly suggests that it may have an important effect on free
      drug concentration. Drug metabolism generally involves oxidative and conjugative
      reactions by the hepatic microsomal enzymes. There is little change in
      conjugative capacity with age although some oxidative pathways have been shown to
      be impaired. The steady decline in glomerular and tubular function with age is
      reflected in corresponding decreases in drug elimination for those drugs removed
      by this route.

PMID- 3708797
TI  - Frontiers in clinical pharmacology and therapeutic drug monitoring. Proceedings
      of a symposium. Toronto, June 6th and 7th, 1985.

PMID- 3708799
TI  - Ascorbate in plasma as measured by liquid chromatography and by
      dichlorophenolindophenol colorimetry.
AB  - Ascorbic acid was measured in 125 plasma samples by an automated colorimetric
      method involving dichlorophenolindophenol and by a "high-performance" liquid
      chromatographic procedure with electrochemical detection. The two methods gave
      comparable results for samples with ascorbate concentrations of 1 to 20 mg/L (r =
      0.97). We also measured the amount of total ascorbate (ascorbic acid +
      dehydroascorbic acid) in the same samples by a liquid-chromatographic procedure
      with precolumn derivitization of ascorbic acid. We confirmed that plasma contains
      little dehydroascorbic acid.

PMID- 3708798
TI  - Liquid-chromatographic determination of 4-hydroxyproline in urine.
AB  - In this method for 4-hydroxyproline in urine, hydroxyproline is derivatized with
      4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan, with subsequent estimation by reversed-phase "high
      performance" liquid chromatography. The ranges for excretion of free and total
      hydroxyproline while the subjects were ingesting unrestricted diets were 2-29 and
      122-374 mumol/24 h (n = 21), respectively, with no significant sex-related
      difference. A comparison with results by colorimetry indicated no significant
      differences: mean (n = 18) concentrations (mumol/L) of hydroxyproline in urine
      were 180 (SD 149) by the present method, 163 (SD 166) by colorimetry. For protein
      hydrolysate the respective values were 5.9 (SD 2.7) and 6.7 (SD 2.9).

PMID- 3708800
TI  - Serum thyrotropin as measured with a one-step monoclonal-antibody
      radioimmunometric assay compared with two commercial radioimmunoassay kits.
AB  - We compared results obtained with a commercial immunoradiometric assay kit for
      human thyrotropin in which monoclonal antibodies are used (Tandem -R TSH (ONE
      STEP) ImmunoRadioMetricAssay; Hybritech Inc.) with those obtained with two
      commercial radioimmunoassay methods: GAMMA-DAB [125I]HS-hTSH RIA (Clinical
      Assays) and Thyro-SHure TSH Diagnostic Kit (Nuclear Medical Laboratories). The
      correlation of all results obtained in the Hybritech assay with those of the two
      commercial RIAs exceeded 95%. Mean values for 100 euthyroid samples measured in
      the Hybritech assay were lower than for the other two methods. The separation
      between hyperthyroid and euthyroid patients was much clearer with the Hybritech
      assay than with the RIA methods. The Hybritech assay was far more sensitive than
      the Clinical Assays or the Nuclear Medical Laboratories assay.

PMID- 3708801
TI  - Simplified liquid-chromatographic determination of vancomycin.
AB  - We simplified determination of vancomycin in serum by using a direct and rapid
      solvent precipitation of protein and by using a simple organic compound as
      internal standard. Reproductibility of the vancomycin retention time was improved
      by modifying the mobile phase. Data obtained by fluorescence polarization
      immunoassay correlated well, and there was little bias between the two methods.
      The present method is sufficiently rapid to make this a practical choice for many
      laboratories.

PMID- 3708803
TI  - Screening for congenital hypothyroidism by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay for
      thyrotropin.

PMID- 3708802
TI  - Liquid-chromatographic determination of urinary pentachlorophenol.
AB  - We developed and evaluated a simple liquid-chromatographic method for urinary
      pentachlorophenol (PCIP) determination with ultraviolet detection. PCIP and the
      internal standard (2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol, TCP) were extracted with a solid
      phase extraction column, and 50 microL of the collected eluate was injected into
      the chromatograph. The intra-assay and interassay CVs were 6.6% (n = 20) and 7.9%
      (n = 10), respectively. The analytical recoveries varied from 89% to 96%, with
      absolute recoveries ranging from 82% to 88%. Thirty urine specimens collected
      from 30 unexposed individuals were analyzed by the current method, and results
      were all less than the minimum detection limit, 0.25 mg/L. Results for five
      specimens from workers who had been exposed to PCIP ranged from 7.0 to 12.4 mg/L.
      The standard curve was linear to 300 mg/L. This procedure is adaptable to
      automated analysis, and therefore suitable for monitoring industrial exposure of
      workers.

PMID- 3708804
TI  - Storage stability of serum transthyretin.

PMID- 3708805
TI  - Falsely elevated values for serum phosphorus in multiple myeloma.

PMID- 3708806
TI  - Bilirubin interference in the enzymatic determination of bicarbonate in the
      Olympus Demand.

PMID- 3708807
TI  - Estimation of low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

PMID- 3708808
TI  - Fluorescence polarization of amniotic fluid as an index of fetal lung maturity.

PMID- 3708809
TI  - Analbuminuric proteinuria: a true finding?

PMID- 3708810
TI  - Reference values for CK-MB isoenzyme compared with acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3708811
TI  - One-step immunoassays for free (unbound) hormones: the effects of tracer binding
      by serum proteins.

PMID- 3708812
TI  - Abnormally high concentrations of methanol in breath: a useful biochemical marker
      of recent heavy drinking.

PMID- 3708813
TI  - More on phosphohexose isomerase as a tumor marker.

PMID- 3708814
TI  - Sepsis and clinical chemical changes.

PMID- 3708815
TI  - Interlaboratory testing of the transferability of a candidate reference method
      for total cholesterol in serum.
AB  - In 1975 the Centers for Disease Control, in cooperation with the American
      Association for Clinical Chemistry Cholesterol Reference Method Study Group,
      began an investigation to develop a reference method for total cholesterol. Five
      potential reference methods were compared with the definitive method developed by
      the National Bureau of Standards before the chemical method of Abell et al. (J
      Biol Chem 1952;195:357-66) was selected as the recommended reference method.
      Because acceptance of a proposed reference method depends so greatly on the
      method's capability for transfer to other laboratories by written specifications
      and instructions, a transferability testing study was designed and conducted with
      14 laboratories. The study consisted of preliminary testing of readiness of
      equipment, reagents, and personnel followed by transferability testing with eight
      runs on 10 serum pools. Laboratoires that did not meet readiness specifications
      had higher CVs in the transferability testing. The study demonstrated that the
      proposed method permits laboratories to attain a CV of less than 1.5% for one
      laboratory and of less than 3.0% among laboratories. The mean percent bias value
      was less than 1.0% for six of the 14 laboratories, less than 1.5% for 12, and
      less than 3.0% for all 14 laboratories.

PMID- 3708816
TI  - Thrombin specificity with tripeptide chromogenic substrates: comparison of human
      and bovine thrombins with and without fibrinogen clotting activities.
AB  - To assess the thrombin specificity of tripeptide chromogenic substrates, we
      determined the Michaelis--Menten (Km), catalytic (kcat), and specificity
      (kcat/Km) constants for S-2238 (H-D-Phe-Pip-Arg-p-nitroanilide), Chromozym-TH
      (Tos-Gly-Pro-Arg-p-nitroanilide), and Spectrozyme-TH (H-D-hexahydrotyrosyl-Ala
      Arg-p-nitroanilide) with high-purity thrombin preparations. Human and bovine
      alpha-thrombins, prepared by essentially the same procedure, were each greater
      than 95% in the form of the enzyme (alpha-thrombin) and had a specific fibrinogen
      clotting activity greater than 2000 kilo-clotting units per gram of protein
      (kcu/g). In contrast, human gamma- and bovine beta-thrombins, made by controlled
      passage of alpha-thrombin through trypsin agarose, were greater than 98% of their
      respective forms and had fibrinogen-clotting activity less than 1 kcu/g. With the
      tripeptide chromogenic substrates these four thrombin forms at pH 7.8 and 23
      degrees C had Km values of 1.6 to 16 mol/L, kcat values of 35 to 130 s-1, and
      kcat/Km ratios of 4.7 to 52 L X mol-1 X s-1. Although Km for an individual
      substrate was slightly higher for bovine than for human alpha-thrombins and
      although Km values for the nonclotting forms (human gamma- and bovine beta
      thrombins) were higher than for clotting forms (alpha-thrombins), we found no
      major differences among the kinetic values for the three substrates.

PMID- 3708817
TI  - Minimizing interlaboratory variation in routine assays of serum cholesterol
      through the use of serum calibrators.
AB  - A cholesterol standardization program was developed in The Netherlands for
      clinical laboratories that use their analytical results as indicators of
      cardiovascular risk. Participants with sufficient precision but inaccurate
      results are encouraged to use serum-based calibrators as a means to decrease
      bias. A regional pilot survey and thereafter a national one were carried out in
      31 and 138 laboratories, respectively, to investigate whether use of the serum
      calibration procedure could improve routinely performed cholesterol measurements.
      To participants in our national quality-control surveys were mailed three
      calibrators (pooled human serum) and five human-serum controls, for analysis of
      cholesterol on four different days. Reference method values had been assigned to
      the calibrators by the Netherlands Reference Laboratory, applying the U.S.
      Centers for Disease Control modification of the Abell-Kendall procedure. Using
      the calibration curves based on results for the serum calibrators decreased the
      between-laboratory variation (SD) by at least 50%, with improved accuracy for non
      enzymatic methods. The initial within-laboratory precision was generally good,
      and improvements in it were small. To our knowledge, standardization results
      involving so many routine hospital laboratory procedures have not been previously
      reported.

PMID- 3708818
TI  - A simple, direct radioimmunoassay for salivary progesterone determination during
      the menstrual cycle.
AB  - We describe a direct radioimmunoassay for progesterone in saliva. Results for
      extracted and unextracted samples agree well, showing that extraction with
      petroleum ether is unnecessary. The direct assay is specific and accurate, and
      detects as little as 2 pg of progesterone per tube (12 pmol/L). Intra- and inter
      assay CVs are less than 10%. The correlation between concentrations of
      progesterone in saliva and plasma is good during the luteal phase of the
      menstrual cycle (r = 0.78, p less than 0.001, n = 76) but not during the
      follicular phase. We present mean concentrations of progesterone in saliva and
      plasma for the whole cycle in 14 normal women. Although citric acid is an
      effective salivary-flow stimulant, its deleterious effect on the direct
      radioimmunoassay precludes its use with this assay for monitoring ovulation.

PMID- 3708819
TI  - Liquid-chromatographic determination of hyaluronic acid in pleural and ascitic
      fluids.
AB  - A previously described method for determination of hyaluronic acid is modified
      for the analysis of pleural and ascitic fluids. After 20 microL of the acellular
      supernate is precipitated with ethanol, the precipitate is digested overnight
      with chondroitinases and chondroitin sulfatases. The content of hyaluronic acid
      derived disaccharide is then analyzed by "high-performance" liquid
      chromatography. The high sensitivity (detection limit, less than 0.1 microgram of
      hyaluronate-derived uronic acid per milliliter) and reproducibility (SD = 4% of
      the mean) enable accurate determination of hyaluronic acid, even in effusions
      from patients without signs of mesothelioma. The range of values obtained for
      pleural and ascitic fluids from patients without signs of this kind of tumor is
      the same as that found by using other techniques, being slightly higher in those
      patients showing signs of tissue destruction. The concentrations of hyaluronic
      acid were considerably increased in most, but not all, of the cases of
      mesothelioma.

PMID- 3708820
TI  - Intra- and interindividual biological variation of five analytes used in
      assessing thyroid function: implications for necessary standards of performance
      and the interpretation of results.
AB  - Intra- and interindividual components of biological variation have been
      determined for total thyroxin (TT4), free thyroxin (FT4), total triiodothyronine
      (TT3), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and thyrotropin (TSH). Calculated analytical
      goals (CV, %) for the precision required for optimal patient care are: TT4 less
      than or equal to 2.5, FT4 less than or equal to 4.7, TT3 less than or equal to
      5.2, FT3 less than or equal to 3.9, and TSH less than or equal to 8.1. The marked
      degree of individuality demonstrated for all hormones indicates that, if
      conventional population-based reference ranges are used uncritically, major
      changes in hormone concentration may not be correctly identified for some
      patients because observed values continue to lie within the reference range. At
      analyte concentrations approximating the mean values found in this study, and for
      analytical performance meeting the appropriate analytical goal, the differences
      required for consecutive results to be significantly different (p less than or
      equal to 0.5) have been calculated as: TT4, 14.7 nmol/L; FT4, 5.7 pmol/L; TT3,
      0.6 nmol/L; FT3, 1.3 pmol/L, and TSH, 0.7 milli-int. unit/L.

PMID- 3708821
TI  - Results of routine determination of clinically significant hemoglobin derivatives
      by multicomponent analysis.
AB  - Our recently developed multiwavelength method for multi-component analysis of
      hemoglobin (Hb) derivatives (Clin Chem 1984;30:373-379) was adapted for routine
      use in the clinical chemical laboratory. The method was applied in 4066
      determinations on blood specimens from patients awaiting major surgery (n = 3863)
      or visiting the outpatient department for pulmonary disease (n = 203). Mean total
      hemoglobin concentration was 141 (SD 14) g/L. The proportion of HbCO was slightly
      to moderately increased (1.5-10.0%) in 36.5% of all patients; in a few cases it
      was as high as 15%. Mean methemoglobin was 0.4% (SD 0.2%) in the surgical
      patients, but 1.5% (SD 0.8%) in the patients with pulmonary disease. In some
      patients of the latter group the proportion of methemoglobin amounted to 5%.
      Sulfhemoglobin was found less than 0.4% in all specimens. Interference by
      paraproteins and by increased concentrations of bilirubin and lipids in plasma
      was easily detected by means of the performance checks provided by the
      spectrophotometer (an HP 8451 UV/Vis). The method is equally suitable for
      measuring blood samples containing fetal hemoglobin.

PMID- 3708822
TI  - Quantification of cotinine in plasma and saliva by liquid chromatography.
AB  - Measurement of cotinine, a nicotine metabolite, has been studied as a method for
      monitoring smoking behavior and determining smoking status. We describe a
      specific, sensitive method for quantifying it in plasma and saliva by reversed
      phase paired-ion liquid chromatography and detection by absorbance at 257 nm. The
      cotinine is extracted with methylene chloride, and 2-phenylimidazole is the
      internal standard. Cotinine peak heights are linearly related to the amount on
      the column from 0 to 500 ng. The mean (+/- SD) concentration of cotinine in
      plasma of 31 passively exposed nonsmokers was 2.1 +/- 1.6 micrograms/L (range, 0
      7.9 micrograms/L). The regression of saliva cotinine concentration (y) on plasma
      cotinine concentration (x) at 0, 24, and 48 h in 10 smokers who refrained from
      smoking for 48 h was y (micrograms/L) = 1.155x (micrograms/L) + 0.245 (r =
      0.986). The efficiency of cotinine as a biological marker was determined at 0,
      24, and 48 h of smoking abstinence. Within-run CVs were 3.5% (n = 5) and day-to
      day CVs 4.4% (n = 6) at 150 micrograms/L.

PMID- 3708823
TI  - Rapid measurement of serum water to assess pseudohyponatremia.
AB  - Pseudohyponatremia is caused by an increased serum protein or lipid concentration
      producing a "space-occupying lesion" in serum water. Its presence and magnitude
      must be assessed in hyponatremic patients with, for example, paraproteinemia or
      hyperlipemic diabetic coma. In the absence of a direct-reading ion-selective
      electrode system, a method for measuring the water content of serum is required.
      We describe two rapid methods for measuring the diffusible water of serum:
      osmometry before and after dilution and chloride measurement before and after
      ultrafiltration. Either of these methods allows the true sodium status of a
      patient's serum to be determined.

PMID- 3708824
TI  - Isolation and quantification of apolipoproteins C-I, C-II, and C-III0-2 in very
      low-density lipoproteins by "high-performance" anion-exchange chromatography.
AB  - Using "high-performance" anion-exchange chromatography, we isolated and
      quantified human C apolipoproteins (apo C) from very-low-density lipoproteins
      (VLDL) in serum. As revealed by isoelectric focusing and double immunodiffusion
      against monospecific antisera, apo C-I, apo C-II, apo C-III0, apo C-III1, and apo
      C-III2 were purified to homogeneity. Assay reproducibility (coefficients of
      variation) ranged between 0.9% and 4.7%. The relative percentages of apo C
      subspecies in VLDL from normal and hypertriglyceridemic serum samples agreed with
      data obtained by alternative methods. This precise technique is suitable for
      detecting and analyzing abnormalities of C apolipoproteins in VLDL.

PMID- 3708825
TI  - Stability of total cholesterol, high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, and
      triglycerides in frozen sera.
AB  - When human serum must be stored for extended periods before analysis, conditions
      must be such that samples give results comparable with those for "fresh"
      (unstored) samples. In a balanced experiment with statistically pre-determined
      sample size, we assessed, at three-weekly intervals for 18 weeks, the stability
      of total cholesterol, high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides in
      human serum stored at -15 degrees C. No significant changes were observed.

PMID- 3708826
TI  - Liquid-chromatographic determination of hemoglobin A2.
AB  - In this liquid-chromatographic assay for hemoglobin A2 (Hb A2) in human blood,
      the blood samples are hemolyzed by dilution and the hemolysates are
      chromatographed on a weak cation-exchanger with a solvent gradient of a buffer
      with two different ionic strengths. The absorbance of the effluent is monitored
      at 405 nm. The retention time of Hb A2 is less than 10 min. The mean within-assay
      CV was 1.6%, the between-assay CV 4.9%. I describe the effects of various column
      dimensions and sample preparation methods on the separation of Hb A2. The normal
      reference interval (for 54 healthy adults) was 1.3 to 3.0%. A comparison between
      results by a minicolumn method and by the present method is performed. Rapid and
      reproducible, this method is suitable for use in routine determination of Hb A2.

PMID- 3708827
TI  - Tendencies in obstetrics.

PMID- 3708828
TI  - Heart rate pattern of a hydrocephalic fetus during cephalocentesis.
AB  - Antepartum heart rate recording was performed prior to, during and after
      cephalocentesis of a hydrocephalic fetus. Signs of fetal distress appeared only
      after withdrawal of about half of the intraventricular fluid volume, and subside
      slowly after cessation of the procedure.

PMID- 3708829
TI  - Topical treatment of vulvar dystrophies with progesterone.
AB  - The Authors have studied the topical use of progesterone gel in the treatment of
      vulvar dystrophies. The results compared with those obtained previously with
      testosterone propionate pointed out the positive effects even of the
      progesterone, which has to be the first therapeutical approach for all the types
      of vulvar dystrophies, reserving to serious and resistants cases the treatment
      with testosterone propionate.

PMID- 3708830
TI  - Assessment of peri-neonatal mortality and morbidity risk in twin pregnancy.
AB  - A case control study on peri-neonatal mortality and morbidity rates in 154 twin
      pregnancies has been performed. The mortality rates along with main neonatal
      morbidity factors were evaluated in relation to the birth weight and gestational
      age. The risk of death in peri-neonatal period was 17 times greater (relative
      risk 17.30) (p less than .00005) in newborns weighing less than 2000 g and about
      15 times (r.r. 14.53) (p less than .00005) in twins born before 34th week of
      gestational age with respect to the controls. The Apgar score of the 2nd twin was
      lower than that of the 1st, both at 1' (p less than .05) and 5' (p less than
      .025). The development of HMD was strongly influenced by the gestational age when
      less than 34th week (r.r. 15.89) (p less than .00005). No difference in incidence
      was found between the newborns with gestational age between 34-37 weeks and those
      at term. The potential implications of these findings on obstetric and
      neonatologic treatment of LBW and VLBW twins was discussed.

PMID- 3708831
TI  - Todays' stage in differential diagnosis between cervical condyloma and CIN.
AB  - Seven colposcopic signs (acetic acid staining--borders--thickness--surface
      contour--colour--vascular atypias--iodine staining) are examined in differential
      diagnosis between condyloma and CIN. For a better prognostic and therapeutic
      approach, we think it is useful to follow a diagnostic path whose main steps are:
      colposcopy, cytology, microcervicoscopy, histology. With the introduction of
      sophisticated diagnostic techniques (molecular hybridization--morphology cells
      study--chromosomes map study) it is possible to determine morphologically the
      observed lesion and predict, as much as possible, the following evolution.

PMID- 3708832
TI  - Epidemiological data, cytology and colposcopy in IUD (intrauterine device), E-P
      (estro-progestogens) and diaphragm users. Study of cytological changes of
      endometrium IUD related.
AB  - The author compares the epidemiological, cytological and colposcopical data found
      in IUD users, with a control population of estro-progestogens and condom users.
      The age, parity and clinical symptomatology, mainly leukorrhea, was higher in IUD
      users. At the colposcopic examination a normal pattern was found in condom users
      more frequently, but the suspect colposcopic signs were frequently associated
      with the use of the IUD. The oncologic evaluation of smears showed a slight
      dysplasia in 17.65% and 10.53% in IUD users and estro-progestogen users
      respectively. The only case of carcinoma in situ was found in the IUD users
      group. The bacteriological diagnosis on the smears did not reveal a quantitative
      difference in the three groups, while a qualitative difference was found,
      particularly with a high frequency of Trichomonas vaginalis and Corynebacterium
      vaginalis, and one case of Actinomyces in IUD users. The cytological study of the
      endometrium obtained by mono-use devices, revealed an aspect of aspecific non
      plasmacellular endometritis in 75% of the cases; a dysfunctional hormonal
      cytological aspect in 32.50%, and the oncological evaluation in 60% of the cases
      revealed atypical endometrial cells IUD related. No neoplastic lesion was found.
      The author concludes that the use of IUD must be prudent and accurate follow up
      must be carried out.

PMID- 3708834
TI  - The bollous cervico-vaginal pathology.
AB  - The Authors examine bollous cervico-vaginal pathology on the basis of their
      experience. Morphological characteristics and histological features of the
      examined pathology is described.

PMID- 3708833
TI  - Clinical and therapeutic correlations in consumption coagulopathy of obstetric
      acute renal failure.
AB  - Heparin has been proposed following the supposed role of disseminated
      intravascular coagulation (DIC) in the pathologies associated with the
      consumption coagulopathies such as obstetric acute renal failure (ARF), whilst
      antifibrinolytic agents could be advocated to stop a simultaneous triggered
      fibrinolysis. Out of 26 obstetric ARF DIC may be demonstrated in 10 and supposed
      in 6 patients who developed severe post-partum uterine bleeding. Therapeutic
      schedules employing heparin or antifibrinolytic agents early post-partum do not
      seem to change either the behaviour of laboratory parameters (showing a DIC
      partial resolution within 48 hours), or heavy bleeding in respect to the patients
      treated with supportive therapies alone. Furthermore, heparin administered during
      the following days does not seem to be a crucial factor in the renal recovery,
      and is often followed by severe haemorrhagic complications. Fresh frozen plasma
      after aprotinin is able to stop bleeding in the presence of persisting signs of
      consumption without damaging renal recovery.

PMID- 3708836
TI  - Medical problems of musicians.

PMID- 3708837
TI  - Aneurysm of the interatrial septum.

PMID- 3708835
TI  - Endometrial hormonal receptors as marker of benign breast disease (B.B.D.).
AB  - The problem of hormonal treatment of benign disease and mastodynia is still
      dividing Clinicians and Researchers. The Authors, in order to select the patients
      suitable to be treated, propose the assay of Estradiol and Progesterone Receptors
      in the most accessible hormone-dependent tissue: the Endometrium. Author's data
      point out a quite different behaviour of Estradiol and Progesterone cytoplasmic
      receptors in the Endometrium of women with B.B.D. and controls. The knowledge of
      this information in the single patients will release from subjectivity when
      deciding about B.B.D. therapy or when trying to correct unsatisfactory treatment.

PMID- 3708838
TI  - Cystic mesothelioma of the peritoneum. Report of a case with multiple recurrences
      and review of the literature.

PMID- 3708839
TI  - Functional disorders of the upper airway associated with playing wind
      instruments.

PMID- 3708840
TI  - Re: Postoperative ventilatory dependency following thymectomy for myasthenia
      gravis.

PMID- 3708841
TI  - Allergic and nonallergic factors in upper and lower airway disease.

PMID- 3708842
TI  - Interactions between the player's windway and the air column of a musical
      instrument.

PMID- 3708843
TI  - Dental problems in the wind instrumentalist.

PMID- 3708844
TI  - Medical problems of wind players: a musician's perspective.

PMID- 3708845
TI  - Some specific medical problems of professional operatic singers.

PMID- 3708846
TI  - The effects of aging and loud music on hearing.

PMID- 3708847
TI  - Neuromuscular and related aspects of musical performance.

PMID- 3708848
TI  - The role of nutrition in the care of the elderly patient.

PMID- 3708849
TI  - Essential hyperhidrosis. Current therapy.

PMID- 3708850
TI  - Rationale for sperm banking in men with cancer.

PMID- 3708851
TI  - Twin pregnancy using cryopreserved sperm from a man with chondrosarcoma.

PMID- 3708852
TI  - Congenital dysplastic left ventricle simulating anomalous origin of the left
      coronary artery.

PMID- 3708853
TI  - Increase of plasma and red cell cholesterol sulfate levels in induced
      hypothyroidism in man.
AB  - Plasma and erythrocyte cholesterol sulfate-, erythrocyte cholesterol-, and serum
      unesterified- and total cholesterol levels of ten athyreotic thyroid cancer
      patients were measured during triiodothyronine supplementation, and subsequently
      at the end of a two weeks withdrawal of this medication. The results showed that
      in the hypothyroid state all above mentioned parameters increased except for the
      erythrocyte cholesterol level, which remained unchanged. The interrelationships
      between these parameters, and the exchange mechanism of cholesterol sulfate
      between plasma and erythrocytes are discussed.

PMID- 3708854
TI  - An enzyme mediated, colorimetric method for the measurement of salicylate.
AB  - A novel enzymatic assay for salicylate in serum has been developed. Salicylate
      monooxygenase and NADH are used to convert the drug to catechol. This is reacted
      with 4-aminophenol at high pH to yield a blue product, which is detected
      colorimetrically. The assay is complete in less than seven minutes and requires
      no sophisticated equipment. The method is precise, sensitive and shows excellent
      accuracy in recovery experiments and when compared to a high performance liquid
      chromatography method. The assay is free from interference by coloured or turbid
      samples, salicylate metabolites, structurally related compounds such as benzoate
      and 4-hydroxybenzoate, and a range of drugs. The assay reagents demonstrate
      excellent stability. The formulation of the assay in two stages provides
      increased specificity and sensitivity compared to other emergency salicylate
      assays and allows the inclusion of reagents to greatly enhance the stability of
      the salicylate monooxygenase-NADH reagent, yet the method is simple and performs
      well.

PMID- 3708855
TI  - Sweat sulfate concentrations are decreased in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - We have developed methods to measure inorganic sulfate in small volumes of sweat,
      and compared sulfate concentrations in sweat samples from CF patients and
      controls. In contrast to the increases in sweat chloride, sweat sulfate
      concentrations in 13 CF patients were reduced to 68 +/- 24% of control values
      (mean +/- SD, n = 25, p less than 0.001). Sulfate concentrations in sweat may
      depend on sweat rates, but the rates were not significantly different in the two
      study groups. Since we have observed a positive correlation between sweat sulfate
      and sweat chloride excretion in non-CF subjects in earlier studies, we suggest
      that the decreased sulfate in CF sweat may bear directly on the nature of the
      anion permeability defect present in the ductal epithelium of the CF sweat gland.

PMID- 3708856
TI  - The relationship between plasma triglycerides, cholesterol, total lipids and
      lipid peroxidation products during human atherosclerosis.
AB  - Concentrations of plasma triglycerides, cholesterol, total lipids and lipid
      peroxides in patients with atherosclerotic lesions of peripheral arteries, who
      were divided into groups according to the extent and intensity of the lesions,
      were estimated, as well as lipid peroxide levels in the arterial wall.
      Statistically highly significant increases of the estimated compounds were found
      in all groups in comparison with the controls. The existence of a positive
      correlation between the lipid peroxide concentration and other investigated
      components in plasma and between the lipid peroxide level in plasma and in the
      arterial wall was found. Possible mechanisms for lipid peroxide involvement in
      the process of originating atherosclerotic lesions are discussed.

PMID- 3708857
TI  - Affinity electrophoresis of human serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in
      agarose gel containing lectin.
AB  - Separation of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes using affinity electrophoresis in
      agarose gel containing lectin is described. The bone and biliary isoenzymes
      precipitate during electrophoresis and are clearly separated from the liver
      isoenzyme. The liver, intestinal and placental alkaline phosphatases are
      essentially not affected by the lectin. The migration distances of the
      precipitating bone and biliary fractions vary with their alkaline phosphatase
      activity. The bone isoenzyme is more heterogeneous than the biliary isoenzyme
      with respect to interaction with lectin forming both insoluble and soluble
      complexes. Affinity electrophoresis in agarose gel containing lectin can be used
      for quantitation by densitometry of liver and bone isoenzymes in sera containing
      only these two fractions but must be combined with conventional electrophoresis,
      preferably in agar gel, if biliary, intestinal, or placental isoenzymes are also
      present.

PMID- 3708858
TI  - An O2-based enzyme electrode for whole blood lactate measurement under continuous
      flow conditions.
AB  - An enzyme electrode-continuous flow system for whole blood lactate measurement
      has been produced using ultrafiltration membrane-entrapped lactate oxidase
      retained over an O2 sensor housed in a measuring chamber. Linearity was to 0.8
      mmol/l. Oxalate inhibition of the enzyme necessitated the use of lithium heparin
      fluoride as anticoagulant for blood samples. A continuous flow system was devised
      which eliminated differences in sample PO2; analysis of serum and plasma
      specimens showed good correlation with a routine fluorimetric method (y = 1.097x 
      0.494, r = 0.959 and y = 0.978x + 0.085, r = 0.952, respectively). The
      correlation for the enzyme electrode between whole blood and plasma lactate
      concentrations was y = 0.801x + 0.142, r = 0.986. The flow system should,
      furthermore, allow reagentless continuous in vivo extracorporeal lactate
      monitoring.

PMID- 3708859
TI  - Fatty acyl composition of the major lipid classes of HDL2 and HDL3 of human
      serum.
AB  - High density lipoprotein subfractions 2 and 3 were isolated from the sera of
      normolipidaemic males by rate zonal ultracentrifugation. The fatty acyl
      compositions of their major lipid classes--phospholipids, cholesteryl esters and
      triacylglycerols--were determined. The average chain length and degree of
      unsaturation of the fatty acyl components of the phospholipids and cholesteryl
      esters of the HDL3 subfraction were found to be significantly higher than those
      of the HDL2 subfraction. The triacylglycerol moieties of the HDL3 subfraction had
      a higher proportion of unsaturated fatty acyl components than HDL2, but there was
      no difference in the average chain length between the two subfractions. These
      results are not consistent with an equilibration of the lipid components between
      the two HDL subfractions, as would be expected from the results of tracer
      studies. A role for the fatty acyl composition of high density lipoproteins in
      the determination of high density lipoprotein subfraction distribution is
      proposed.

PMID- 3708860
TI  - Effect of ultraviolet light on creatinine measurement in jaundiced specimens.

PMID- 3708861
TI  - On-line clarification for the measurement of serum glucose in hyperlipidemic
      specimens.
AB  - The optical aberrations due to the presence of the turbidity caused by
      hyperlipidemia has been eliminated in two serum glucose procedures. This has been
      accomplished by incorporating lipase and alpha-cyclodextrin into the two glucose
      reagents. The hydrolytic action of the lipase generates water soluble glycerol
      and insoluble fatty acids. By including the chemical scavenger alpha-cyclodextrin
      into the reagent the fatty acids are solubilized and thus the production of a
      second turbidity is avoided. Because the clearing reagents are incorporated into
      the glucose reagents, this is an on-line process and no additional labor is
      required to clear the sample-reagent mixture. Furthermore, no additional time is
      required as the clearing occurs in the same period of time that it takes for the
      indicator reactions to reach equilibrium.

PMID- 3708862
TI  - The measurement of glycosylated albumin by reduction of alkaline nitro-blue
      tetrazolium.
AB  - A method is described for the measurement of glycosylated albumin in human
      plasma. Purification of albumin is achieved by a simple one-step chromatographic
      method, adapted for use as a batch analysis technique. The glycosylated albumin
      fraction is subsequently measured by a modification of the fructosamine assay
      (alkaline reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium). The method correlates with the
      plasma fructosamine assay (r = 0.85; p less than 0.001) and with an
      electrophoretic method for the measurement of HbA1 (r = 0.78; p less than 0.001).

PMID- 3708863
TI  - Reduced imprecision of the radioenzymatic assay of plasma catecholamines by
      improving the stability of the internal standards.

PMID- 3708864
TI  - What information should be provided in the package inserts of commercial
      reference materials in clinical chemistry?

PMID- 3708865
TI  - Definition of bioactive prolactin pulsations during the menstrual cycle.
AB  - Patterns of circulating prolactin bioactivity during three stages of the
      menstrual cycle were studied in detail in four normally cycling women. Serial
      blood samples were withdrawn at 10 or 15 min intervals for up to 8 h. Plasma
      prolaction concentrations were quantitated by a bioassay which is based on the
      replication of a rat lymphoma cell line (Nb2 node) and by conventional
      radioimmunoassay. A total of 50-103 samples from each patient was analysed. Using
      a threshold-based algorithm, definite pulsations of prolactin biological (B) and
      immunological (I) activity were detected at most stages of the menstrual cycle.
      The periodicity of these peaks ranges from 1 to 1 1/2 h. However, pulsations were
      less evident in one subject who had asymptomatic hyperprolactinaemia although
      circulating prolactin was fully bioactive (mean B:I ratios being 1.02-1.25). B:I
      ratios in the three normoprolactinaemic women were generally lower, ranging from
      0.39 +/- 0.02 to 0.93 +/- 0.03. Elevations in the B:I ratio of
      normoprolactinaemic women were associated with bioactive peaks; this was not
      always the case in the hyperprolactinaemic subject. Thus, the lack of symptoms in
      this hyperprolactinaemic subject could not be due to bioinactive prolactin, but
      might perhaps be due to the absence of episodic prolactin secretion which would
      desensitise target organs.

PMID- 3708866
TI  - The effect of amiodarone on thyroxine kinetics.
AB  - Amiodarone was given by daily intraperitoneal injection (10 mg/kg body weight) to
      a group of 11 New Zealand white rabbits. Over 6 weeks there were significant
      increases (P less than 0.01) in plasma total T4 concentration (43 +/- 8 to 60 +/-
      13 nmol/l; mean +/- 1 SD) and rT3 concentration (0.12 +/- 0.06 to 0.31 +/- 0.16
      nmol/l) and a significant fall in total plasma T3 (2.3 +/- 0.3 to 1.7 +/- 0.2
      nmol/l). The plasma clearance of T4 in rabbits treated with amiodarone for 6
      weeks was significantly reduced relative to controls (64 +/- 25 vs 109 +/- 19
      ml/kg per day, P less than 0.01) but the production rate was unchanged (3.8 +/-
      1.8 vs 3.7 +/- 1.4 nmol/kg per day). In the amiodarone treated animals the
      increased plasma T4 concentration was entirely accounted for by the reduced
      clearance. It is inferred that the normal output of T4 by the thyroid is
      pituitary dependent and that TSH secretion is sustained in the presence of
      hyperthyroxinaemia because of amiodarone induced partial inhibition of T4
      utilization by the thyrotroph.

PMID- 3708867
TI  - Autoimmune Addison's disease associated with hyperprolactinemia.

PMID- 3708868
TI  - Comparison of blood spot, salivary and serum progesterone assays in the normal
      menstrual cycle.
AB  - Sensitive direct (non-extraction) radioimmunoassays for assay of progesterone
      (Po) in saliva and capillary blood dried on filter paper have been developed to
      facilitate collection of specimens for the assessment of luteal function in the
      investigation of infertility. The antiserum had been raised to a Po 11 alpha
      hemisuccinyl conjugate and the assays employ Po 11 alpha-glucuronyl
      [125I]tyramine as tracer with separation by solid phase double antibody. Po
      levels in saliva and capillary blood were compared with those in serum in matched
      specimens collected daily throughout the menstrual cycle from six female
      volunteers. The correlation between blood (y) and serum (x) Po levels (y = 0.439x
      - 2.98, r = 0.98) was superior to that between salivary (y) and serum levels (x)
      (y = 0.00637x + 0.020, r = 0.89). Blood spot and serum Po levels were uniformly
      undetectable throughout the follicular phase, whereas in 2 out of 72 saliva
      specimens Po was inappropriately raised (60 and 120 pmol/l) possibly reflecting
      contamination of the specimens. Salivary and blood progesterone assays both lack
      adequate sensitivity to measure Po reliably in early or late luteal phases when
      serum levels are less than 12 nmol/l but are well suited to assess luteal
      function during the mid-luteal phase of the cycle (4-10 d before menses) when
      serum levels in the six subjects ranged from 22-84 nmol/l, with corresponding
      blood levels of 6.2-3.5 nmol/l and saliva levels of 130-620 pmol/l. We conclude
      that blood spot and saliva Po levels both correlate well with Po levels in serum,
      but that blood spot Po levels are more reliable.

PMID- 3708870
TI  - Prolactin levels in hypothyroid and euthyroid infants during the first week of
      life.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay (RIA) procedure was devised for the estimation of PRL in
      eluates of dried whole blood from filter paper. Levels of PRL were measured in
      newborn blood obtained during the first week of life from 530 infants of normal
      birthweight (greater than 2500 g) with normal T4 values, 114 infants of normal
      birthweight with low T4 values (T4 less than 6.0 micrograms/dl), 47 infants with
      congenital hypothyroidism, 57 infants of low birthweight (less than 2500 g) with
      normal T4 values, and 114 infants of low birthweight with low T4 values.
      Examination of PRL concentrations among comparably aged infants from the various
      groups revealed that the mean PRL values of the hypothyroid group were
      consistently greater than those of any of the other groups of infants regardless
      of the mean T4 levels. With the exception of the hypothyroid infants, the groups
      with both the lowest mean T4 concentrations and mean body weights also had the
      lowest mean PRL values.

PMID- 3708869
TI  - Familial dysalbuminaemic hyperthyroxinaemia: studies of albumin binding and
      implications for hormone action.
AB  - The abnormal intermediate-affinity T4 binding to albumin which is characteristic
      of familial dysalbuminaemic hyperthyroxinaemia (FDH) is dependent on buffer,
      temperature, and ionic composition. Scatchard analysis of T4-binding to isolated
      albumin preparations from FDH subjects showed that half the circulating albumin
      showed the higher-affinity T4 binding site, assuming one site per molecule. Using
      dextran-charcoal separation at 4 degrees C the T4 affinity (Kd) of purified
      albumin from FDH subjects was 7.5 nmol/l in phosphate and 17 nmol/l in Tris-Cl-
      buffer. T4 binding to FDH albumin was inhibited by a range of substances in the
      order: 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulphonic acid greater than merthiolate greater
      than propylthiouracil greater than methyl-thiouracil greater than carbimazole
      greater than salicylate greater than barbitone. Binding of T4 was competitively
      inhibited by low concentrations of dithiothreitol (DTT). The effect of DTT 0.1
      0.5 nmol/l was reversed by removal of DTT by dialysis. Competition with a range
      of iodothyronines indicated that the 3', 5'-iodine atoms are most important for
      binding to this site. Serum binding of salicylate, frusemide, fenclofenac and
      barbituric acid, and a range of steroid hormones was similar in FDH and normal
      sera. Serum levels of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), were not significantly
      different from sex-matched controls. Nuclear [125I]-T3 binding sites in
      circulating lymphocytes from two FDH subjects showed affinities (Kd) of 59 and 79
      pmol/l (normal 67 +/- 7 pmol/l, n = 6). These findings suggest that the highly
      specific binding anomaly of FDH is due to a disulphide-dependent structural
      change in albumin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3708871
TI  - The relationship between salivary aldosterone and plasma free aldosterone
      concentrations.
AB  - The proportion of aldosterone in plasma not bound to proteins (% plasma free
      aldosterone, %PFA) was measured using an equilibrium dialysis technique and was
      found to lie predominantly in the range 25-40% although extremes of 20% and 60%
      were encountered. From this value and the total concentration of aldosterone in
      plasma (plasma aldosterone, PA) the concentration of free aldosterone in plasma
      (PFA) was calculated. Percentage PFA was not affected by the in-vitro addition of
      aldosterone (up to the equivalent of 2000 pmol/l) but the incremental addition of
      cortisol (up to the equivalent of 550 nmol/l) resulted in a linear increase in %
      PFA from 26% to 34%. Percentage PFA was found to be significantly, negatively
      correlated with serum albumin concentration (r = -0.87; P less than 0.001) but it
      was only when this was less than 15 milligrams that % PFA was abnormally high.
      Salivary aldosterone concentration (SA) was more highly correlated with PFA (r =
      0.84) than with PA (r = 0.75), which indicates that even modest variance in %PFA
      has a discernible effect upon the overall SA-PA relationship. We conclude that
      measurement of salivary aldosterone concentrations gives a useful estimate of
      plasma free aldosterone level. Variations in the latter are determined more by
      changes in the total concentration of aldosterone in plasma than by variations in
      the degree of binding by plasma proteins.

PMID- 3708873
TI  - Long-term results from graded low dose radioactive iodine therapy for
      thyrotoxicosis.
AB  - An analysis has been made of the results of treatment in a series of 261
      consecutive patients given graded low dose radioactive iodine therapy for
      thyrotoxicosis. Of these patients, 140 (54%) became euthyroid after a single dose
      of 131I and a further 50 (19%) achieved a remission after supplementary treatment
      with an antithyroid drug; 45 patients (17%) required further treatment with 131I
      which was invariably curative. The incidence of hypothyroidism was 10% at 1 year.
      The subsequent incidence of hypothyroidism in the whole group was 27% at 5 years,
      40% at 10 years and 53% at 15 years. Patients continued to become hypothyroid at
      a constant rate of 3% per year. The incidence of early hypothyroidism can be
      reduced to some extent by using low doses of 131I and by relating the dose to the
      size of the gland. Late hypothyroidism on the other hand is due to latent nuclear
      damage and is inherent in the method of treatment.

PMID- 3708872
TI  - Effect of oral contraceptives on serum prolactin: a longitudinal study in 126
      normal premenopausal women.
AB  - A prospective longitudinal study was carried out in 126 normal premenopausal
      women aged 18-34 years to determine the effect of oral contraceptives containing
      less than 50 micrograms of oestrogen on serum prolactin concentration. The mean
      prolactin concentration in patients receiving oral contraceptives (n = 80) rose
      from a control level of 8.9 ng/ml to 10.2 ng/ml at 3 months (P less than 0.05)
      and 10.9 ng/ml at 12 months (P less than 0.001). In a parallel group of patients
      (n = 46) who used intrauterine devices for contraception, no significant change
      in serum prolactin concentration was observed over the same period. It is
      concluded that currently available oral contraceptives have a small but
      significant stimulatory effect on prolactin secretion in normal women.

PMID- 3708874
TI  - Depot-bromocriptine treatment for prolactinomas and acromegaly.
AB  - Fifteen patients with hyperprolactinaemia and pituitary macroadenomas (5
      patients), microadenomas (6 patients), or acromegaly (4 patients) were given a
      single intramuscular injection of 50 mg bromocriptine bound to polylactic acid
      microspheres, depot-bromocriptine. None of the patients had any short-term or
      long-term discomfort from the injection. In the 11 patients with prolactinomas,
      serum prolactin fell to minimum levels 12-72 h post-injection; nine patients were
      highly responsive to depot-bromocriptine, with a mean serum prolactin of 12.9% of
      basal levels 24 h post-injection, rising to 19% at 28 days. Two patients with
      prolactinomas were resistant to both depot-bromocriptine, and large doses of oral
      dopamine agonists. Initiating side-effects (nausea, vomiting, symptomatic
      postural hypotension) were seen in five patients in the first 24 h post
      injection, but were minimal or absent thereafter. Five of six patients previously
      intolerant of oral dopamine agonists were able to be transferred successfully to
      bromocriptine 5 mg daily at 4 weeks. Of the four patients with acromegaly, raised
      prolactin levels were successfully lowered to normal for 4 weeks after injection;
      serum GH was also partially lowered, but returned to baseline levels at 2-4
      weeks. In one patient serum GH was resistant to suppression by both depot
      bromocriptine and high doses of oral bromocriptine. One patient with a large
      tumour and visual field defects showed a rapid and maintained improvement in
      visual fields and acuity after depot-bromocriptine, and was successfully
      transferred to high-dose oral bromocriptine at 4 weeks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3708876
TI  - Bioactive luteinizing hormone in plasma of uraemic men and men with primary
      testicular damage.
AB  - Elevation of immunoreactive LH and reduced testosterone production are consistent
      features of Leydig cell dysfunction in uraemic hypogonadism. To investigate
      further Leydig cell regulation in uraemia, we measured plasma bioactive LH (B-LH)
      and immunoreactive LH (I-LH), as well as FSH, testosterone, creatinine, urea and
      albumin in seven uraemic men before and after haemodialysis and compared them to
      levels both in eugonadal controls (n = 10) and in men with primary testicular
      damage (n = 10). Plasma B-LH was increased in uraemic men compared with both
      nonuraemic control groups. Plasma I-LH and FSH were increased and testosterone
      decreased in uraemic men compared to eugonadal controls. In comparison with
      nonuraemic men with primary testicular damage, plasma I-LH levels were similar
      but FSH and testosterone lower in uraemic men. As a consequence, the ratio of B
      LH to I-LH (LH:B/I ratio) was decreased in men with primary testicular damage but
      normal in uraemic men. A single session of haemodialysis decreased creatinine
      (50.5%) and urea (58.5%) and increased B-LH (47.7%), I-LH (32.9%), FSH (24.4%),
      testosterone (15.8%) and albumin (17.8%) levels, but the LH:B/I ratio was
      unchanged. Increases in gonadotrophin levels were greater than could be accounted
      for by haemoconcentration suggesting that dialysis may also ameliorate uraemic
      suppression of the hypothalamus and pituitary. Ultrafiltrates of human uraemic
      plasma (mol wt less than 25 000) had no inhibitory effect on in-vitro
      steroidogenesis by isolated rat Leydig cells making circulating uraemic 'middle
      molecule'-type toxins unlikely to be involved in causing lowered testosterone
      levels in uraemic men.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3708875
TI  - Management of cranial diabetes insipidus with oral desmopressin (DDAVP).
AB  - The effect of oral administration of desmopressin (DDAVP) solution was
      investigated in six patients with cranial diabetes insipidus of varying
      aetiology. All patients experienced a prompt and prolonged antidiuresis. Nine
      patients have been managed with oral DDAVP tablets for up to 5 months and all
      preferred this route of administration to intranasal application using a rhinyle.
      Oral DDAVP gives excellent and convenient control in cranial diabetes insipidus.

PMID- 3708877
TI  - Familial Cushing's syndrome due to nodular adrenocortical dysplasia. A putative
      receptor-antibody disease?
AB  - Two sisters aged 13 and 19 years suffering from familial Cushing's syndrome due
      to nodular adrenocortical dysplasia are described. Pituitary adrenocortical
      function tests indicated the presence of adrenal autonomy. Adrenal scintigraphy
      showed bilateral symmetrical uptake indicating the bilateral character of the
      autonomous process. Complete adrenalectomy was performed in both girls. The
      adrenals were of about normal weight showing numerous dark brown pigmented
      nodules and small perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates. Serum immunoglobulin
      preparations obtained from both girls stimulated adrenocortical cell growth in a
      cytochemical bioassay system. It is proposed that circulating growth factors may
      be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.

PMID- 3708878
TI  - Naloxone provokes catecholamine release in phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas.
AB  - The effects of low- (2 mg) and high-dose (10 mg) intravenous naloxone
      administration on circulating plasma catecholamines in four patients with proven
      and two patients with suspected phaeochromocytomas have been evaluated. In three
      out of four patients with confirmed phaeochromocytomas or paragangliomas, 10 mg
      naloxone resulted in a marked rise (290-575%) in circulating noradrenaline;
      despite combined alpha and beta-adrenoceptor blockade, in two out of four cases
      systolic and diastolic pressures rose whilst pulse rate fell. No response was
      seen to 2 mg naloxone in any patient. No humoral or pressor response was obtained
      in the fourth patient, who may have been secreting maximal levels of plasma
      noradrenaline at the time of study. In the two patients with suspected
      phaeochromocytoma, there was no response to naloxone: further investigations
      failed to reveal a source of abnormal catecholamine secretion in these patients.
      It is concluded that naloxone represents a new pharmacological agent which can
      provoke catecholamine release in patients with phaeochromocytomas; in such
      patients, endogenous opioids may regulate catecholamine release either from the
      tumour itself or from the enhanced peripheral catecholamine stores.

PMID- 3708879
TI  - Relationship between alcohol consumption, body weight, family history of
      hypertension and blood pressure in young adults.
AB  - It is not clear why blood pressure rises with age in civilized countries. We
      examined the relationship between alcohol consumption, obesity, family history of
      hypertension and blood pressures at medical checkups in 534 male office workers,
      aged 20 to 40. The results in two age groups, 20-30 and 31-40, are as follows.
      Those who drank heavily (greater than 60 ml of ethanol) the previous night and/or
      habitual heavy drinkers (greater than 60 ml/day) had the highest blood pressure.
      Obese workers had higher blood pressure. Subjects with a family history of
      hypertension had higher blood pressure. The frequencies of heavy drinkers and
      obesity were higher in the group aged 31 to 40 than in the other group. These
      factors might contribute to the blood pressure elevation with age. 5) A histogram
      of the first readings of systolic blood pressure showed a bimodal distribution
      only in persons with a family history of hypertension.

PMID- 3708880
TI  - Effect of plasma storage on erythrocyte sodium pump measurements.
AB  - The possibility that sodium handling in red cells may be an indicator of
      abnormalities associated with hypertension has encouraged many investigators to
      study erythrocyte sodium transport. The results have often been in conflict,
      perhaps because of the variety of laboratory techniques and procedures employed.
      Investigation into the effect of storage of red cells in plasma showed larger
      changes when cells were stored at 0 degrees C than at room temperature (19
      degrees). At 0 degrees C, sodium efflux via the pump increased 22.1% (p less than
      0.001) after 2 hours storage and 54.2% (p less than 0.005) after 4 hrs of
      storage. At 19 degrees C, sodium efflux values were more scattered after storage,
      but the mean value was not significantly different even after 4 hours.
      Intracellular sodium increased 17.3% in cells stored 4 hrs at 0 degrees C;
      significant changes were not observed when cells were stored 2 hrs at 0 degrees C
      or 2-4 hours at 19 degrees C. The number of Na, K-ATPase sites per red blood cell
      did not change with either storage condition. For samples processed within one
      hour of drawing, or stored at room temperature, there were close correlations
      between the sodium efflux per site and the intracellular sodium concentration as
      well as between the intracellular sodium and the sites per red cell. These
      relationships were not evident for cells stored at 0 degrees C. These data
      indicate that red cells to be used in pump measurements should be stored at room
      temperature and should be processed within 2 hours.

PMID- 3708881
TI  - Localization and properties of NAD-dependent 15 hydroxyprostaglandin
      dehydrogenase activity in spontaneously hypertensive rat kidney.
AB  - To evaluate the pathophysiological significance of renal NAD-dependent 15
      hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) in young spontaneously hypertensive
      rats (SHR), the intranephron distribution of PGDH was compared with age-matched
      Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). With supernatants of kidney homogenates, PGDH activities
      in 3 week-old SHR were significantly lower than those in WKY, and no difference
      in PGDH activities was found between male and female in both WKY and SHR. By
      using microdissected nephron segments of 3 week-old WKY and SHR, PGDH activities
      in both groups were found to be exclusively distributed in the proximal tubules,
      within which the activity of the straight portion (PST) was several fold higher
      than that of the convoluted one (PCT). In 3 week-old SHR, a significant decrease
      of PGDH activity was observed only in PST, possibly indicating a decrease of
      enzyme content in PST because of similar Km values in both groups. These results
      may suggest that intraproximal PG concentration could be regulated by the change
      of PGDH in PST of young SHR.

PMID- 3708882
TI  - Prefabricated ossicular homografts in middle ear reconstructions.
AB  - This paper is a review of 132 cases of ossicular reconstruction utilizing
      prefabricated homografts by clinical staff members of the UCLA Division of Head
      and Neck Surgery (specializing in ear surgery) in their private practice over the
      past decade. Another 20 cases completed over the past 2 1/2 years in the UCLA
      teaching programme are also reviewed. Although ossicular homografts have been
      used for some time in middle ear reconstruction, this report presents the
      innovation of prefabricating homografts into specific shapes that lend themselves
      appropriately to reconstruction problems. In such an ossicular bank, a variety of
      different shapes, in a number of sizes, is maintained for quick selection. This
      greatly decreases operating room time and, in addition, provides an effective
      method for ossicular reconstruction that has already been applied to a resident
      training programme. The cases in this review can be divided into 3 basic
      categories: (1) mastoidectomy ossicular reconstruction; (2) exploratory
      tympanotomy with reconstruction; (3) stapedectomy. This study indicates that
      ossicular homografts are very well tolerated in their new transplanted positions.
      Our very low extrusion rate, extremely rare evidence of absorption, and lack of
      foreign body reaction to these ossicles coincides with the experience of others.
      This is an advantage over plastic prostheses. In addition to pre- and
      postoperative air conduction level data, analysis of changes in bone conduction
      and speech discrimination scores are also presented to evaluate possible
      neurosensory damage related to manipulation in placing these ossicles.

PMID- 3708883
TI  - Snoring in perspective.

PMID- 3708884
TI  - The stuffy nose: a comparative study of two common methods of treatment.
AB  - This study compares the efficacy of submucosal diathermy and cryotherapy in the
      treatment of nasal obstruction caused by engorged inferior turbinates.
      Subjectively they are equally effective but cryotherapy has the advantage that it
      can be performed under local anaesthetic and does not require hospitalization.
      Rhinomanometry suggests that cryotherapy causes more destruction of the
      submucosal vascular plexus than submucosal diathermy. Scanning electron
      microscopy 6 weeks postoperatively demonstrates that both treatment modalities
      cause widespread damage to the mucociliary epithelium.

PMID- 3708885
TI  - Orbital floor fractures: early repair and results.
AB  - In the 5-year period 1978-1982, 34 patients with facial fractures underwent
      repair of the orbital floor. Reconstruction of the orbital floor by means of an
      implant was used in 28 of 34 patients (82%). Nineteen patients (56%) had a
      balloon inflated in the maxillary sinus to stabilize the orbital floor.
      Radiographic contrast solution was used in the balloon to facilitate the
      postoperative radiographic control of the balloon and the orbital floor. It was
      possible to make a follow-up study of 30 of the 34 patients. Nine of the patients
      had persisting reduced sensitivity in the infraorbital nerve region and 7
      patients had slight enophthalmos. Out of the 30 patients, only 2 patients had
      persisting diplopia of a slight to moderate degree and none found it disturbing
      enough to need further surgery. This series shows that good results can be
      expected after early surgery and active management with open reposition,
      reconstruction and placing of an intral balloon are recommended.

PMID- 3708886
TI  - Congenital cerebrospinal fluid fistulae of the petrous temporal bone.
AB  - Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid fistulae from the subarachnoid space into the
      middle ear cavity may be classified as perilabyrinthine or translabyrinthine. The
      very rare perilabyrinthine group, through bony defects close to but not involving
      the labyrinth, usually have normal hearing initially. The commoner
      translabyrinthine group are nearly always associated with anacusis, severe
      labyrinthine dysplasia and a route via the internal auditory meatus. The
      labyrinthine deformity is more severe than the type classically described by
      Mondini, and evidence of a dilated cochlear aqueduct in these cases is also
      unconvincing.

PMID- 3708887
TI  - Traumatic lesions of the middle ear: aetiology and results of treatment.
AB  - A retrospective investigation of the aetiology and results of treatment for
      traumatic, conductive hearing loss was performed in 122 patients treated from
      1979 to 1983. The mean age at the time of the trauma was 25 years. The average
      treatment delay was 7 years. The patients were grouped according to the nature of
      the injury. The group with head injury (40 patients) was characterized by a
      frequent combination of young men and traffic accidents. Among direct trauma (16
      patients) lesions to the tympanic membrane and/or the middle ear were caused by
      ear syringing or by the introduction of swabs or other instruments into the
      auditory canal. In the group exposed to indirect trauma (57 patients) the
      dominant single cause of the trauma in the present material consisted of a blow
      to the ear and was most often seen among young women. A subgroup exposed to
      blasts contained more young men. The dominant operative findings were rupture of
      the tympanic membrane, luxation of the incus, partial bone necrosis and fracture
      of the auditory ossicles. Ear surgery consisted of closure of the ruptured
      tympanic membranes and restoration of the sound-transmitting function of the
      ossicular chain. Normal hearing was restored in 78%, and hearing improved in
      another 10%. The hearing remained unchanged or deteriorated in 9% of the
      patients, a group often characterized by a long treatment delay and/or the
      development of chronic otitis.

PMID- 3708888
TI  - Assessment of nasal airway patency: a comparison of four methods.
AB  - Two established methods (active posterior and passive anterior rhinomanometry)
      and 2 new methods (peak nasal inspiratory flow rate and apparent nasal volume)
      were used in 12 volunteers to assess the patency of the nasal airways under each
      of 4 conditions (baseline, post-exercise, nasal histamine and nasal cocaine). All
      methods showed the congestant effect of histamine but the peak nasal inspiratory
      flow and apparent nasal volume techniques were more sensitive to the
      'decongesting' manoeuvres, (exercise and cocaine). Useful objective quantitative
      data on the patency of the nasal airways and its changes in response to stimuli
      can be obtained by simple, cheap and readily available techniques. Subjective
      sensation is a poor guide to the state of patency of the nasal airways.

PMID- 3708889
TI  - Low-dose dapsone in the treatment of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 3708890
TI  - Some principles of systemic glucocorticoid therapy.

PMID- 3708891
TI  - The Prosser White Oration 1984. The dermatologist's voyage.

PMID- 3708892
TI  - Consequences of colonization and infection by Staphylococcus aureus in atopic
      dermatitis.

PMID- 3708893
TI  - The distribution of immunoglobulins and the C3 component of complement in
      multiple biopsies from the uninvolved and perilesional skin in pemphigus.

PMID- 3708894
TI  - Percutaneous iontophoresis of prednisolone--a pharmacokinetic study.

PMID- 3708895
TI  - Cutaneous leishmaniasis from Belize--treatment with ketoconazole.

PMID- 3708896
TI  - Biochemical markers of myositis in dermatomyositis.

PMID- 3708897
TI  - Chondrodysplasia punctata--Conradi-Hunermann type.

PMID- 3708898
TI  - Linear porokeratosis of Mibelli and DSAP.

PMID- 3708899
TI  - Melanocytic dysplasia and internal malignancy.

PMID- 3708900
TI  - Cutis laxa associated with amyloidosis.

PMID- 3708901
TI  - Lichen planus in a photosensitive distribution due to quinine.

PMID- 3708902
TI  - An effective economical intradermal regimen of human diploid cell rabies
      vaccination for post-exposure treatment.
AB  - A closely-spaced multisite intradermal regimen of human diploid cell rabies
      vaccine (HDCV) was evaluated in 39 patients after low-risk exposure to rabies, in
      comparison to full-dose intramuscular HDCV and sheep brain-derived rabies
      (Semple) vaccine. The regimen consisted of four intradermal injections, 0.1 ml
      each of HDCV on days 0, 3 and 7, followed by two booster doses of only 0.1 ml
      each on days 28 and 91 administered intradermally. Although the total amount of
      HDCV used in this intradermal regimen was 1.4 ml or one-quarter of the
      conventional intramuscular regimen, a higher proportion of the recipients of this
      economical intradermal regimen, as compared to the full-dose intramuscular
      regimen, developed neutralizing antibodies above the hypothetical protective
      level of 0.5 iu/ml 7 days after starting immunization. Besides the earlier
      antibody response, the peak antibody level of the intradermal regimen was also
      satisfactorily high and not significantly different from that after the
      intramuscular regimen. Simultaneous administration of inosiplex, an antiviral and
      immunopotentiating agent, during the first 10 days of intradermal immunization
      resulted in an even higher antibody response for as long as 91 days. In contrast,
      but not unexpectedly, Semple vaccine evoked lower, more sluggish and inconsistent
      antibody responses. The side-effects of intradermal HDCV were mild, mainly local
      and self-remitting. We therefore recommend our intensive intradermal regimen of
      HDCV vaccination for safe, effective and economical use in post-exposure rabies
      immunization.

PMID- 3708903
TI  - Spectrotypic analysis of IgM and IgA rheumatoid factors.
AB  - The spectrotypes of IgA and IgM rheumatoid factors (RF) were analysed in whole
      serum as well as immunoglobulin fractions and purified RF from patients with one
      of three autoimmune disorders. As predicted from the pI ranges of normal human
      serum IgM and IgA in agarose, IgM RF had near neutral pIs, whereas IgA RF showed
      more acidic (lower) pI values. Serum IgA and IgM RF from patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis or the sicca syndrome showed considerable charge heterogeneity whereas
      IgM RF from mixed cryoglobulinaemia or rheumatoid vasculitis patients showed
      monoclonal and oligoclonal banding patterns respectively. Clonotypic analysis was
      best achieved with isolated light and heavy chains from highly purified RF. The
      IgA RF spectrotypes from unmodified paired serum and saliva IgA were clearly
      different whereas after desialation, similar pI values and, in one case, similar
      spectrotypes were observed. These observations are compatible with the hypothesis
      that serum and saliva IgA RF are derived from similar clonal precursors. The
      methods used in these studies may also be of use in the analysis of IgA and IgM
      antibody diversity in a number of other situations.

PMID- 3708904
TI  - Tubular antigen-associated renal disease in New Zealand white rabbits.
AB  - Rabbits immunized with autologous renal tubular antigen (Fx1A) developed
      tubulointerstitial nephritis whereas sheep anti-Fx1A antibody administered i.v.
      produced glomerulonephritis (GN). This lesion showed heavy granular glomerular
      deposition of immunoglobulin and subepithelial electron dense deposits, early
      proteinuria, leucocyte independence and a temporal pattern of quantitated
      glomerular antibody binding distinct from that reported to occur in passive
      Heymann's nephritis in rats. Isoelectric focusing followed by immunoblotting of
      deoxycholate-soluble Fx1A antigens with the heterologous and autologous
      antibodies, indicated species differences in epitope recognition which could
      account for dissociation between the two models.

PMID- 3708905
TI  - Potential role of mononuclear cells infiltration on the autoimmune myocardial
      dysfunction.
AB  - In autoimmune myocarditis significant alterations in contractility when the heart
      is studied in vitro could be demonstrated. The isolated atria from mice
      hyperimmunized with heart exhibited tachycardia, decrease in contractility and
      dysrhythmia. Spleen lymphocytes from mice with autoimmune myocarditis, can react
      in vitro with spontaneously beating normal atria inducing dysrhythmias and
      negative inotropic effect. The alterations in contractility of normal atria
      induced by immune cells, resemble those observed in atria from animals with
      autoimmune myocarditis. The use of pharmacologic inhibitors strongly suggests
      that the cardiac dysfunction is generated by the release of endogenous SRS-A as a
      result of the hyperimmunization with heart. The possibility that autoimmune
      lymphocyte can influence the contractile behavior of the heart is interesting and
      could provide some evidence for the role of lymphocytic infiltration in the
      mechanism operating in primary and specific myocarditis.

PMID- 3708906
TI  - Effects of sex, gonadectomy and several steroids on the development of insulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus in the BB rat.
AB  - The spontaneous development of the putative autoimmune insulin-dependent diabetes
      mellitus (IDDM) in BB rats was not affected by the following factors: (a) sex,
      (b) gonadectomy, (c) administration of testosterone decanoate, 11 alpha
      hydroxynandrolone decanoate, ethinyloestradiol or Org OD14 (tibolone). Treatment
      with nandrolone decanoate lead to a statistically significant decrease in the
      incidence of diabetes in male rats in one experiment, but failed to do so in the
      second. These results and various data from the literature suggest that the
      influence of sex and steroids on the development of diabetes mellitus in the BB
      rat is different to that of autoimmune disorders in other animal models (New
      Zealand Black/White, New Zealand Black mice, Obese Strain chickens) and in man.

PMID- 3708907
TI  - Elution of antispectrin antibodies from red cells in homozygous beta
      thalassaemia.
AB  - It is well-established that autoantibodies against red cell membrane antigens,
      such as spectrin are present in plasma of humans and animals. It is shown here
      that antispectrin IgG antibodies can be eluted from the red cells of patients
      with beta-thalassaemia intermedia. It is suggested that these antibodies could
      play a part in the increased rate of destruction of red cells in homozygous beta
      thalassemia, either by reacting with spectrin which is abnormally exposed on the
      red cell surface or by a cross-reaction with a different membrane component. No
      rise was found in serum antispectrin levels in beta-thalassaemia; anti-red cell
      membrane IgG levels were slightly raised, but there was considerable overlap
      between the levels in patients and in normals. No autoantibody could be found in
      eluates from cells of normal subjects or patients with sickle cell anaemia.

PMID- 3708908
TI  - Permanent large granular lymphocytosis in the blood of splenectomized individuals
      without concomitant increase of in vitro natural killer cell cytotoxicity.
AB  - Increased numbers of circulating lymphocytes and large granular lymphocytes (LGL)
      were observed in 115 individuals splenectomized for haematological disease (74
      cases) or for trauma (41 cases). LGL lymphocytosis was present in 78.4% of
      haematologically indicated and in 85.4% of traumatic splenectomies. A 70.5% of
      these values was above the 97.5 percentile upper tolerance limit of healthy
      controls (200 cases). In addition, 175 haematological controls were investigated.
      Forty per cent or more of circulating lymphocytes exhibited LGL morphology in
      nearly half of repeatedly investigated splenectomized persons. The increase in
      LGL is not attributable to lymphocytosis. It becomes apparent, and persists after
      the first postoperative week, irrespective of the cause of surgery. In spite of
      the two-fold increase in LGL concentration in the blood, in vitro natural killer
      (NK) and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxic (ADCC) activities did not increase
      in the investigated 48 (NK) and 31 (ADCC) splenectomized persons, as compared
      with the appropriate healthy or haematological controls.

PMID- 3708909
TI  - A mouse monoclonal IgE antibody anti bovine milk beta-lactoglobulin allows
      studies of allergy in the gastrointestinal tract.
AB  - A monoclonal IgE antibody directed against bovine milk beta-lactoglobulin (beta
      LG) was produced by fusion of NSI myeloma cells with spleen cells of Balb/c mice
      immunized with alum-precipitated beta-LG. This antibody was found by
      radioimmunoassay to react with both native and aggregated beta-LG, but a positive
      passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction (PCA) was evident only with aggregated
      beta-LG. 1 ng of this purified antibody was capable of eliciting a PCA. The
      chemical and physical properties were characterized by amino acid and
      carbohydrate analysis and by ultracentrifugation. The epsilon-chain had an
      apparent molecular weight of 86,000 +/- 2,000 by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. An immediate hypersensitivity reaction within the gut was
      elicited by intravenous (i.v.) administration of the hybridoma ascitic fluid
      followed by feeding with aggregated beta-LG. Accumulation of liquid within the
      small intestine and diarrhoea were evident 30-90 min later. Intravenous injection
      of carbon particles revealed an increased permeability of the venulae from the
      submucosa and serosa. Histological examination showed oedema within the villae,
      without modification of the epithelium.

PMID- 3708910
TI  - CRP and neutrophils: functional effects and complex uptake.
AB  - The uptake of C-reactive protein (CRP)-pneumococcal C-polysaccharide (CPS)
      complexes by neutrophils was studied. A specific CRP dependent mechanism of
      uptake was demonstrated. This promoted CPS (complexed to CRP) clearance which was
      further enhanced by additional complement activation. Physiological
      concentrations of low density lipoprotein inhibited entry of complexed CPS into
      neutrophils but had no effect on entry of CRP alone. Pure human CRP was shown to
      have no effect on neutrophil chemotaxis and oxidative metabolism.

PMID- 3708911
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to human eosinophil plasma membrane antigens enhance the
      secretion of eosinophil cationic protein.
AB  - This study was done to examine the nature of the membrane constituents involved
      in the secretion of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) from human blood
      eosinophils. Three mouse monoclonal antibodies were used, which showed greater
      binding to membrane antigens on activated, and light density eosinophils from
      patients with an eosinophilia, than on nonactivated or normal density
      eosinophils. All three antibodies (EoN4, EoN5 & EoN6) stimulated normal density
      human eosinophils to secrete ECP, either alone or in association with sepharose
      C3b. The antibodies bound to at least two separate sites on the membrane, which
      were distinct from the receptors for immunoglobulins, C3b, and eosinophil
      activating factor. One combination of antibodies increased the amount of ECP
      which was secreted. The membrane antigen recognized by antibody EoN4 was a
      glycoprotein, molecular weight 75 kD. These findings showed that ECP secretion
      may be induced by a wider range of stimuli than has been previously recognized,
      and that the antigens recognized by these monoclonal antibodies may play an
      important role in the induction of eosinophil degranulation.

PMID- 3708912
TI  - Effects of acute versus chronic deletion of arterial baroreceptor input on the
      cardiovascular responses to exercise in the rabbit.
AB  - These experiments were designed to confirm that at the onset of treadmill
      exercise in rabbits the tonic reflex depressor effects of input to the central
      nervous system from arterial baroreceptors is abolished, thus contributing to the
      rise of systemic arterial pressure (SAP) and heart rate (HR). An inflatable cuff
      was placed around one common carotid artery after the remaining arterial
      baroreceptors had been surgically denervated. Transient inflation of the cuff
      caused reflex rises of SAP and HR, which were much reduced during the first
      minute of exercise. Deflation of the cuff caused a brisk fall of HR, which was
      completely abolished by exercise. A snare was placed around one carotid sinus
      nerve after the remaining arterial baroreceptors had been surgically denervated.
      Where the snare was tightened all arterial baroreceptor reflexes were immediately
      and permanently abolished. This allowed the reflex effects of baroreceptor input
      to be calculated by difference. The magnitude of these calculated effects, at
      rest and during exercise, diminished according to how long after barodenervation
      the observations were made. We conclude from the above experiments that the
      resting tonic reflex depression of SAP and HR caused by baroreceptor input is
      much reduced, rather than completely abolished, at the onset of exercise. We also
      conclude, from the effects of partial surgical barodenervation, and of unloading
      the carotid baroreceptors prior to exercise by inflating the carotid cuff, that
      resting input from the arterial baroreceptors must be near zero before the
      cardiovascular response to exercise is grossly altered.

PMID- 3708913
TI  - Prevention and reversal of ouabain-induced cardiotoxicity by naloxone in the
      guinea-pig.
AB  - The effects of pre- and post-treatment with naloxone on the cardiotoxicity of
      ouabain in the guinea-pig were studied. After pretreatment with naloxone, the
      dose of ouabain required to induce ventricular arrhythmias and cardiac arrest
      were significantly increased, in a dose-dependent manner, compared with the
      control, indicating a protective effect of naloxone against digitalis
      intoxication. Administration of naloxone at the onset of cardiac arrhythmias
      induced by a lethal dose of ouabain restored the cardiac rhythm and consequently
      saved life in seven out of eight animals, indicating an antiarrhythmic effect of
      naloxone in digitalis-intoxicated guinea-pigs. The protective and antiarrhythmic
      effects of naloxone against digitalis intoxication have clinical implications.

PMID- 3708914
TI  - Studies on the vasodilator actions of bucindolol in the rat.
AB  - Experiments were performed in anaesthetized rats to investigate the vasodilator
      actions of the beta-adrenoceptor antagonist bucindolol. Bucindolol (3 mg/kg)
      lowered blood pressure significantly in rats pretreated with (i) prazosin (0.4
      mg/kg) (ii) prazosin (0.4 mg/kg) plus propranolol (0.5 mg/kg) or (iii) labetalol
      (0.5 mg/kg). Thus, a portion of the hypotensive effect of bucindolol was
      independent of effects on alpha- or beta-adrenoceptors. This was attributed to
      direct vasodilatation. In reserpinized anaesthetized rats bucindolol increased
      heart rate and thus had an intrinsic sympathomimetic action (ISA). The ISA was
      equipotent with that of isoprenaline at the 0.25 nmol/kg dose level, but declined
      with increasing bucindolol doses, probably due to the onset of beta-adrenoceptor
      blockade. An isolated perfused rat tail arteries constricted by perfusing with a
      high-K+ Krebs solution, bucindolol (10(-5) mol/l, 10(-4) mol/l) caused a
      significant reduction in perfusion pressure indicative of vasodilatation. Since
      the perfusate contained 10(-6) mol/l propranolol, the vasodilatation was not due
      to beta-adrenoceptor stimulation. These results are consistent with a direct
      vasodilator action of bucindolol. We suggest bucindolol lowers blood pressure by
      a complex mechanism involving beta-adrenoceptor blockade, alpha-adrenoceptor
      blockade, vasodilatation and perhaps beta 2-adrenoceptor stimulation.

PMID- 3708915
TI  - Comparison of the inhibitory effects of spermine, papaverine and adrenaline upon
      isolated segments of the rat small intestine.
AB  - In the rat isolated duodenal and ileal segments the active baseline force and
      spontaneous contractile frequency were inhibited by spermine; the relative
      potencies, estimated as an ED50, were adrenaline papaverine spermine. The changes
      in baseline force, but not frequency, due to spermine were sensitive to increased
      calcium. The duodenum was always more sensitive to papaverine and adrenaline, but
      the relative sensitivities of the duodenum and ileum were essentially equal for
      spermine. Inasmuch as the gastrointestinal mucosa of most species contains an
      abundance of polyamines, these results suggest that, in its free form, spermine
      may subserve a functional role in the inhibition of gastrointestinal motility.

PMID- 3708916
TI  - Influence of lowered temperature upon the response of prostatic and epididymal
      portion of the rat isolated vas deferens to field stimulation.
AB  - This paper reports the effects of lowering (bath) temperature upon contractile
      responses of prostatic and epididymal ends of the rat isolated vas deferens to
      electrical field stimulation. Responses to field stimulation with single pulses
      at 60 s intervals were potentiated by lowering the bath temperature. This effect
      was maximal at temperatures of 25-27 degrees C and was reduced in preparations
      treated with phentolamine (5 mumol/l). Field stimulation with trains of 50 pulses
      at 5 Hz every 5 min produced biphasic contractions of preparations. The initial,
      twitch-like component, prominent at the prostatic end and resistant to blockade
      by phentolamine (5 mumol/l) was little affected by lowering the bath temperature
      from 37.5 degrees C to 19 degrees C. In contrast, the second, more prolonged,
      component of the response to pulse trains, which was prominent at the epididymal
      end of the tissue was decreased by lowering the bath temperature and by
      phentolamine. In the epididymal segment, responses to exogenous noradrenaline
      were enhanced by lowering the bath temperature. It is concluded that lowering the
      bath temperature enhances the contractility of the vas deferens in response to
      the release of neurotransmitters and to the application of exogenous
      noradrenaline via a postsynaptic action. In addition, via a presynaptic action,
      lowering the bath temperature depresses or delays the release of the
      noradrenergic transmitter from the sympathetic nerve terminals.

PMID- 3708917
TI  - Interaction between platelet-released serotonin and thromboxane A2 on human
      digital arteries.
AB  - Synergism between the contractile effects of platelet-derived serotonin (5HT) and
      thromboxane A2 (TXA2) on a human blood vessel has been investigated by incubating
      strips of digital arteries in subcontractile concentrations of either 5HT or the
      TXA2-mimetic agent U46619. Either agonist U46619 or 5HT, in subcontractile
      concentrations, significantly potentiated the contractile response to the other.
      The 5HT antagonist ketanserin (10 mumol/l), the Ca2+ antagonist drugs verapamil
      (3 mumol/l), or nifedipine (10 nmol/l), or a Ca2+-free bathing medium, reduced
      the contractile responses to 5HT, but had no effect on the potentiation mediated
      by U46619. The interaction between TXA2 and 5HT derived from platelets was
      studied by measuring responses to platelets 1 min after aggregation (in the
      absence or the presence of ketanserin 10 mumol/l), and 20 min after aggregation.
      The results indicated that the response to platelets mediated by TXA2 and 5HT was
      greater than the sum of those mediated by TXA2 or 5HT separately. It is concluded
      that synergism between the contractile effects of 5HT and U46619 occurs in human
      blood vessels; that this is mediated by enhanced utilization of intracellular,
      rather than extracellular calcium; and that synergism can also occur when 5HT and
      TXA2 are released from stimulated human platelets.

PMID- 3708919
TI  - Experimental cyclosporine A nephrotoxicity: an international workshop. April 24
      26, 1985, Basle.

PMID- 3708918
TI  - Distribution and kinetics of injected nickel in the pregnant rat.
AB  - Radioactive nickel (Ni) was injected intraperitoneally both carrier-free and in 4
      mg/kg body weight of Ni as NiCl2 doses in control and pregnant rats on days 12
      and 19 after impregnation. The time-course of disappearance of radioactivity from
      the tissues and blood of the rat was determined, as well as the degree of
      incorporation of radioactivity from the injected doses. The maximal uptake of the
      metal 15 min after injection corresponded to kidney uptake, followed by pancreas,
      blood plasma and then all other target organs studied. The presence of cold
      nickel resulted in higher uptake of the metal without much change in the
      proportion of distribution between tissues. The kinetics of disappearance was
      similar in all tissues and was little affected by pregnancy, with mean half-lives
      of about 3-5 h irrespective of doses.

PMID- 3708920
TI  - The role of drug metabolism in cyclosporine A nephrotoxicity.
AB  - In rats cyclosporine A (CsA) caused decreases in the hepatic microsomal P-450
      dependent mono-oxygenase enzyme system and in glucuronyl transferase. The
      decrease in the mono-oxygenase was transient and may have been due to self
      limiting suicide inactivation of P-450 by a CsA metabolite. Changes in hepatic
      mono-oxygenase activity over a period of 7 weeks were associated with a converse
      oscillation in CsA nephrotoxicity, indicating that CsA was detoxified by hepatic
      P-450. This impression was strengthened by observations that induction of P-450
      by low-dose phenobarbitone led to decreases in both the circulating levels and
      nephrotoxicity of CsA, whereas cotreatment with the P-450 inhibitor ketoconazole
      caused increases in CsA circulating levels and nephrotoxicity. Induction by 3
      methylcholanthrene had no effect. Cobaltous chloride, which suppresses the
      synthesis of P-450, exacerbated CsA nephrotoxicity. Neither cimetidine nor SKF
      525A, both P-450 inhibitors, had any effect.

PMID- 3708921
TI  - Effect of phenobarbital and cimetidine on experimental cyclosporine
      nephrotoxicity: preliminary observations.
AB  - Cyclosporine is metabolized by the hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 mixed
      function oxidases. To determine the effects of inducers and inhibitors of this
      enzyme on nephrotoxicity, male Fischer 344 rats were treated with cyclosporine in
      doses of 25 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg by daily gavage for 14 days. Groups of animals
      were given phenobarbital 75 mg/kg i.p., cimetidine 75 mg/kg i.p., or .9% saline
      i.p. for 3 days prior to starting cyclosporine and throughout therapy. Animals
      treated with the oil vehicle for cyclosporine served as controls. Animals
      receiving cyclosporine together with phenobarbital hat better preservation of
      glomerular filtration rate than did other cyclosporine-treated animals.
      Cimetidine did not enhance cyclosporine nephrotoxicity. Direct tubular toxicity
      was not evident using cortical slice transport of tetraethylammonium, fractional
      excretion of sodium and light microscopy as markers. If phenobarbital protects
      from cyclosporine nephrotoxicity because of its enzyme inducing action, it would
      follow that the parent drug and not a toxic metabolite mediates renal
      dysfunction. Based on the decreased glomerular filtration rate in the absence of
      overt tubular damage the major mechanism of cyclosporine nephrotoxicity is
      probably related to vascular or glomerular effects of the drug.

PMID- 3708922
TI  - Experimental cyclosporine nephrotoxicity: risk of concomitant chemotherapy.
AB  - The role of cyclosporine (CSA) alone or in combination with various
      chemotherapeutics in the development of renal toxicity was evaluated in rats.
      Administration of 20 mg/kg/day CSA for 4 weeks caused renal functional and
      structural changes similar to those reported in man. The combined administration
      of CSA and various chemotherapeutic drugs with a nephrotoxic potential, such as
      gentamicin (at therapeutic doses), amphothericin B and ketoconazole, which are
      frequently used in immunosuppressed patients, did not aggravate the CSA induced
      toxicity in the rat model. Gentamicin at toxic doses, however, increased CSA
      nephrotoxicity. Thus, the nephrotoxicity induced by CSA has a different
      pathogenetic mechanism.

PMID- 3708923
TI  - Ketoconazole and cyclosporine A: combined effects on rat renal function and on
      serum and tissue cyclosporine A concentration.
AB  - The effects of ketoconazole (Kcnz) on cyclosporine A (CyA) serum levels and CyA
      nephrotoxicity were studied. To rats later anesthetized with pentobarbital
      sodium, CyA 12.5 and Kcnz 20 mg/kg/day (n = 20), or CyA 12.5 mg/kg and Kcnz
      vehicle (n = 21), was dosed. To rats anesthetized with etomidate (n = 14), CyA
      12.5 mg/kg and Kcnz-carrier was dosed. S-CyA was monitored during 14 days, and
      then the rats were investigated with clearance (C) methods (inulin [(in), lithium
      (Li)], sodium, and potassium), and liver (L) and kidney (K) CyA was measured.
      Kcnz increased S-CyA, L-CyA and K-CyA (+50 -80%). There were significant (p less
      than 0.05) correlations between S- and L- or K-CyA. Kcnz increased CyA
      nephrotoxicity: Mean Cin was 1.012 ml/min/gKW (kidney weight) after CyA treatment
      (a subnormal value), but decreased to 0.556 ml/min/gKW in the group also given
      Kcnz (p less than 0.001). CLi decreased from 0.135 to 0.048 ml/min/gKW (p less
      than 0.001), and absolute proximal tubular reabsorption decreased from 0.877 to
      0.508 ml/min/gKW (p less than 0.001), while the fractional reabsorption in the
      proximal tubule (FPR), expressed as a percentage of GFR, increased from 86.9 to
      91.6% (p less than 0.005). Thus, after Kcnz treatment to rats given CyA 12.5
      mg/kg/day, their renal function was indistinguishable from that in rats given CyA
      25 mg/kg/day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3708924
TI  - Cyclosporine-induced renal structural damage: influence of dosage, strain, age
      and sex with reference to the rat and guinea pig.
AB  - Cyclosporine (CsA)-induced renal structural damage was investigated in rats of
      different strains, age and sex, and in outbred guinea pigs, given the drug orally
      for periods of 1 to 7 weeks. In adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, proximal
      straight tubular (PST) cell vacuolation and nuclear pyknosis (affecting less than
      5% of tubular profiles) can consistently be demonstrated by light microscopy
      within a few days of commencement of treatment with 25 mg/kg. The extent of
      damage observed with longer term, continuous drug administration is generally
      more pronounced, dose-related and subject to "spontaneous" remission. Comparison
      of SD with DA male rats undergoing similar treatment shows that at 4 weeks,
      structural damage is less pronounced in the latter strain. In juvenile (LEW X
      DA)F1 hybrids, male animals exhibit greater susceptibility to CsA-induced
      nephrotoxicity than do females. This is related to differences in circulating
      levels of CsA in males and females. However, in adult SD rats both male and
      female animals show almost the same degree of tubular nephrotoxicity when given
      the drug at 50 mg/kg. Use of the electron microscope improves detection of early
      and minimal tubular cell damage: for example, in guinea pigs receiving 75 mg/kg
      orally for 4 days, ultrastructural changes are evident although the renal tubules
      are apparently unaffected when examined by light microscopy.

PMID- 3708925
TI  - Influence of cyclosporine A on adaptive hypertrophy after unilateral nephrectomy
      in the rat.
AB  - The functional challenge to a transplanted kidney is comparable to that of a
      single kidney after unilateral nephrectomy. The single kidney model was used in
      rats to study the influence of the immunosuppressant CyA. Using this model
      interference with immunological or preservation/transplantation problems can be
      excluded. Two month old rats were studied 4 weeks after unilateral nephrectomy.
      After unilateral nephrectomy the juvenile rats had been fed for 28 days with 10
      or 15 mg/kg BW CyA daily. These rats were compared to intact control rats and to
      age-matched uni-nephrectomized rats. Single kidney weight was measured in one
      group. Single kidney function was measured in a second group, first in the
      metabolic cage and then in experiments with isolated kidneys perfused under
      standard conditions. The glomerular filtration coefficient Kf was measured by
      micropuncture techniques. Glomerular capillary surface area was estimated after
      perfusion fixation in order to calculate the effective hydraulic permeability k
      of the glomerular capillary wall (k = Kf/S). Standard allogeneic skin
      transplantation across the MHC barrier was used to establish that the CyA dosage
      used was immunosuppressive. The results showed that the single kidney mass (as a
      measure of tubular hypertrophy) and GFR were suppressed under the influence of
      CyA compared to controls. Analysis of glomerular filtration parameters in the
      isolated perfused kidneys on the single nephron level had the following results:
      a small increase of the glomerular capillary surface (morphometry) was suppressed
      under CyA, whereas the effective hydraulic permeability (k) increased by almost
      40% whether CyA was given or not.

PMID- 3708926
TI  - Effect of cyclosporine in rats with reduced renal mass.
AB  - The longterm effect of cyclosporine (CyA) on chronic renal failure was studied in
      female Wistar rats subjected to 4/5 to 5/6 nephrectomy by partial infarction of
      the left kidney followed by contralateral nephrectomy. CyA was added to a
      standard rat diet containing 25% protein. Each rat received 14 g of food daily
      containing 0 (control), 1.2 (group A), 2.4 (group B), or 4.8 (group C) mg CyA.
      The number of rats that did not survive the whole experimental period of 20 weeks
      on the CyA containing diets was similar to the control. In the surviving rats no
      difference between groups could be detected regarding body weight, serum
      creatinine and creatinine clearance. Proteinuria rose progressively up to 15
      weeks in the control group and similarly in groups A and B. Mean proteinuria in
      group C was about half the control mean at 5-20 weeks. Systolic blood pressure
      differed little between groups A, B and control, but was significantly lower than
      control in group C at 10-20 weeks. Histologically groups B and C showed
      significantly less glomeruli with segmental sclerosis and less hypertensive
      vasculopathy than groups A and control. Histological signs of tubular CyA
      toxicity correlated with the doses applied: inclusion bodies were more frequent
      in all groups while the score of vacuolisation was increased significantly in
      group C only. In conclusion, CyA appears not to adversely affect or - at
      moderately toxic dosage - even to slow down progressive glomerular sclerosis in
      rats with reduced renal mass.

PMID- 3708927
TI  - Effect of cyclosporine A on ischemic renal failure in the rat.
AB  - The influence of cyclosporine A on renal function was investigated in
      unilaterally nephrectomized rats subjected to 30 or 45 min of ischemia. Acute
      i.v. administration of high dose CyA equivalent to 1000 mg/kg/d, did not produce
      a decrease in glomerular filtration or renal blood flow within 2 hours and its
      influence on proximal tubular pressure could be attributed to the cremophor
      vehicle. Chronic oral administration of 20 mg/kg/d CyA after ischemia produced no
      alteration in renal function after 2 or 9 days, but 40 mg/kg/d CyA lowered renal
      function demonstrably by 9 days. When pair-fed to eliminate CyA-induced weight
      loss as a cause of depressed renal function, the loss of renal function after 9
      days was smaller but still evident. At this time renal cortical prostaglandin E2
      and thromboxane B2 production were also reduced, but plasma renin remained
      unaltered because of the exclusion of volume depletion through weight loss. These
      kidneys showed no signs of delayed regeneration from ischemic renal injury but
      did show signs of tubulotoxicity, which seemed to be more apparent after longer
      periods of ischemia.

PMID- 3708928
TI  - Calcium entry-blockade with verapamil in cyclosporine A plus ischemia induced
      acute renal failure in rats.
AB  - The possible alleviating effect of verapamil, a calcium entry blocker, on the
      resulting renal damage from the combination of a short episode of ischemia and
      CyA was studied in rats. Immediately after right nephrectomy the rats were
      divided into five experimental groups. Group 1: left renal pedicle clamping for
      20 minutes. Group 2: as group 1 plus CyA 60 mg/kg bw i.p. Group 3: CyA as in
      group 2 but sham operated. Group 4: as group 2 plus verapamil 10 mg% in the
      drinking water. Group 5: as group 3 plus verapamil given as in group 4. The
      experiments lasted 4 days. By analysis of variance: CyA + ischemia (group 2)
      showed lower creatinine clearance (p less than 0.001), higher blood urea (p less
      than 0.01), fractional excretion of sodium (p less than 0.05) and fractional
      excretion of potassium (p less than 0.01) and fractional excretion of negative
      free water clearance (p less than 0.001) compared to ischemia alone (group 1).
      The CyA + ischemia rats treated with verapamil had higher creatinine clearance (p
      less than 0.05), lower blood urea (p less than 0.01), fractional excretion of
      sodium (p less than 0.001), fractional excretion of potassium (p less than 0.001)
      and fractional excretion of negative free water clearance (p less than 0.05)
      compared with the untreated verapamil CyA + ischemia group. The CyA + sham
      operated verapamil treated group had similar creatinine clearance with the
      corresponding verapamil untreated group. The CyA + ischemia group had the higher
      mean daily body weight reduction compared with all other groups. Histology showed
      more vacuolization of tubular epithelial cells in the CyA + ischemia than in
      ischemia alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3708929
TI  - Acute renal failure produced by combining cyclosporine and brief renal ischemia
      in the Munich Wistar rat.
AB  - To evaluate the combined effects of a brief ischemic insult and cyclosporine,
      four groups of male Munich Wistar rats were given: a) parenteral cyclosporine (60
      mg/kg i.p.) for 4 days following 20 minutes of bilateral renal ischemia, b) the
      castor oil cyclosporine vehicle in a comparable volume and the same ischemic
      insult, c) saline in the same volume and ischemia, or d) saline and sham surgery.
      The cyclosporine animals ate and drank poorly, and therefore the other groups
      were pair-fed and watered with them. The cyclosporine-ischemia group developed
      significant renal failure. The other groups exhibited only a mild rise in blood
      urea nitrogen. Tubular vacuolization was a prominent feature in the cyclosporine
      and vehicle groups, but not in the saline groups. Vacuolization was correlated
      with severity of renal impairment. Lipid stains showed that many of the vacuoles
      contained lipid. Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions were seen only in the
      cyclosporine or vehicle- (castor oil) treated animals. These findings emphasize
      the probable functional importance of tubular lesions in cyclosporine-induced
      acute renal failure, and suggest that the castor oil vehicle of parenteral
      cyclosporine may have renal effects of its own.

PMID- 3708930
TI  - Effect of cyclosporine on proteinuria in chronic serum sickness in rats.
AB  - A model of chronic serum sickness (CSS) was established in Wistar rats. Rats were
      given 2 mg of bovine serum albumin (BSA) i.p. five days/week. A group of six male
      rats were bred which developed albuminuria after three weeks. Rat albumin was
      measured by radial immuno-diffusion. Albuminuria increased gradually over the
      first 80 days. On days 87 and 88 rats were given 25 mg/kg methylprednisolone (MP)
      i.p. Albuminuria increased from 1.1 mg/ml to 1.7 mg/ml. After proteinuria had
      returned to pre-treatment values, MP was given again with the same result. From
      day 115 rats were given 25 mg/kg of CYA i.p. for three consecutive days.
      Albuminuria fell from 0.85 mg/ml to 0.28 mg/ml, and for the first time rats
      developed microscopic haematuria. After five days proteinuria returned to former
      levels but then rose to higher levels. On day 146 rats were given CYA and
      albuminuria fell from 1.7 to 0.45 mg/ml. On day 150 the renal histology was
      examined by light microscopy and the glomeruli showed no significant
      abnormalities.

PMID- 3708931
TI  - Glomerulonephritis in NZB/W mice: therapeutic effect of cyclosporine.
AB  - Female NZB/W hybrid mice spontaneously develop autoimmune glomerulonephritis (GN)
      at the age of 3 to 6 months. The aim of the present study was to investigate the
      effects of cyclosporine (CS) on proteinuria and GN in mice at various stages of
      the disease, e.g., 12, 24 and 48 weeks of age. A 12 week course of CS (100
      mg/kg/day) either abolished or prevented the development of proteinuria depending
      on the disease stage. Histologically, CS prevented the further development or
      even reversed GN. Immunoglobulin (Ig) and complement (C') deposition in the
      glomeruli were also reduced in CS-treated mice. These results indicate that CS
      has a therapeutic effect in murine autoimmune GN.

PMID- 3708932
TI  - Morphology of cyclosporine nephrotoxicity in the rat.
AB  - Cyclosporine (CSA) nephrotoxicity was investigated in the rat. Morphologically,
      CSA nephrotoxicity is characterized by the following features: (a) Tubular
      inclusion bodies (TIB) corresponding to autolysosomes and giant mitochondria; (b)
      tubular vacuolization (TV) due to dilatation of the endoplasmatic reticulum; (c)
      tubular microcalcification (TM); and (d) tubular regeneration (TR). The
      morphologic features are limited to (a and b) or predominate (c and d) in the
      proximal tubule. CSA tubulopathy as defined above is dose dependent, independent
      of the route of a drug administration, develops quickly (within a week), is
      reversible after CSA withdrawal, is more pronounced in male than in female rats
      and shows no clear cut differences in various rat strains. Body weight shows a
      dose dependent reduction. The functional changes are usually slight. No
      significant correlation exists between functional changes and morphologic
      lesions. The type of CSA nephrotoxicity in the rat is very similar to CSA
      tubulopathy in man but associated with less severe functional changes.

PMID- 3708933
TI  - Tissue distribution of cyclosporine A in the mouse: a clue to toxicity?
AB  - Four groups of three C57/BL6J mice were each given a single i.p. injection of
      Cyclosporine A (CYA) 3 mg/kg, containing 3H-CYA with 10 microCi activity. The
      groups were sacrificed after 5 minutes and at 6, 12 and 24 hours after dosing,
      respectively. They were immediately flushed with PBS to clear the organs of
      blood, and the CYA content of blood, kidney, liver, brain, thymus, spleen, heart,
      lung, muscle and femur were measured by scintillation counting. Hemoglobin
      concentration in each tissue was negligible. Tissue uptake was expressed as the
      ratio of activity per gm tissue/activity per ml blood. Organs susceptible to CYA
      toxicity, e.g., brain, kidney and liver demonstrated retention of CYA relative to
      blood, as did thymus and spleen. Resistant organs, i.e., heart, lung and muscle
      did not. The pattern of CYA distribution and clearance corresponded with the
      known susceptibility of organs to CYA toxicity. CYA kinetics could therefore
      contribute to its toxicity by means of increased retention and/or accumulation in
      susceptible organs.

PMID- 3708934
TI  - Beneficial effects of renal denervation and prazosin on GFR and renal blood flow
      after cyclosporine in rats.
AB  - We have previously shown that both acute infusion of cyclosporine and chronic
      intraperitoneal cyclosporine result in decreased renal blood flow in rats. This
      effect of cyclosporine infusion was mediated via the sympathetic nervous system.
      In this study, renal denervation was found to also prevent the decrease in
      glomerular filtration rate after cyclosporine infusion. Male Sprague-Dawley rats
      underwent unilateral renal denervation and three days later inulin clearance was
      measured following infusion of cyclosporine (20 mg/kg). GFR fell by 43% in
      innervated kidneys, but remained normal in denervated kidneys. In addition,
      administration of the alpha-adrenergic antagonist prazosin prevented the rise in
      serum creatinine and the fall in renal blood flow associated with chronic
      cyclosporine administration (20 mg/kg intraperitoneally for 7 days). These
      findings further support the hypothesis that sympathetic nervous system-mediated
      vasoconstriction is responsible for renal dysfunction in rats after acute and
      chronic cyclosporine administration.

PMID- 3708935
TI  - Acutely impaired renal function during intravenous administration of cyclosporine
      A: a cremophore side-effect.
AB  - The parenteral application of a cyclosporine A (CyA)-containing solution in high
      doses, 0.7 mg/kg/min, was associated with an acute reduction in renal blood-flow
      and a depression in creatinine clearance to approximately one half of control
      values. Exactly the same effect can be produced by the intravenous administration
      of the vehicle, cremophore, a polyoxyethylated castor-oil derivative. Although
      these observations are not of great clinical importance, since the doses of CyA
      used in man are much lower and the drug is generally taken orally, they are of
      considerable importance when studying the effects of CyA under experimental
      conditions. For the purpose of examining the influence of CyA on renal function,
      cremophore-containing solutions should be avoided.

PMID- 3708936
TI  - Influence of cyclosporine A (CSA) on intrarenal control of GFR.
AB  - In the acute clinical situation, CSA produces reversible renal impairment.
      Studies by Morris et al. [1982] and others indicate that this is rapidly
      reversible when the drug is ceased. A series of studies have been performed in
      rats with the aim of examining changes in GFR, together with changes in the
      intrarenal renin-angiotensin system and renal release of prostaglandins. Rats
      were treated for 3-7 days with CSA and at the end of the experiment kidneys were
      removed and renal cortical slices prepared. There was increased renin secretion
      from the CSA-treated rats, compared to controls, and the response was dose
      dependent. There was an increase in renal cortical renin content paralleling the
      renin release. Determinations of plasma renin in these animals also indicated a
      rise in plasma renin activity associated with time. In animals not pretreated
      with CSA, the renal cortical slices incubated with CSA demonstrated a stimulation
      of renin release. A further group of rats pretreated with 100 mg/kg/day of CSA
      for 3-7 days showed no change in renal slice release of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha,
      thromboxane B2, PGE2 and PGF2 alpha. This data indicates that the renal renin
      angiotensin system is activated by CSA and produces a dissociation of the linkage
      between renal slice prostaglandin release and the renin angiotensin system. This
      would indicate that CSA affects the intrarenal control of GFR. However, the exact
      site of the modulation remains to be determined.

PMID- 3708937
TI  - Effect of cyclosporine on the diluting capacity of the rat kidney.
AB  - Micropuncture experiments were carried out on rat kidneys in order to analyze the
      diluting ability of the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop (TAL) after acute
      and chronic administration of cyclosporine. Male albino Wistar rats weighing 190
      to 250 g were either given cyclosporine (CSA) orally for 10 days or received
      single i.v. infusions of the drug before the micropuncture experiments. Drug free
      vehicle was administered to animals of two respective control groups. The
      electrolyte concentration of fluid from individual TALs was measured by
      continuous conductivity monitoring of early distal tubular fluid during pulse
      perfusion procedures. The transport dependent decrease of the electrolyte
      concentrations within the diluting segment showed a semi-logarithmic time course
      in all groups of rats. Lowest conductivity values were reached within 60 seconds
      of flow equilibrium in controls as well as in CSA treated rats. Chronic CSA
      feeding (15 mg/24 h/kg b.w., dissolved in 0.3 ml olive oil) as well as a single
      i.v. infusion of 5 mg/kg b.w. resulted in a significantly higher electrolyte
      concentration of TAL fluid. Infusion of the solvent alone was without significant
      effect on the diluting segment. We conclude that the impairment of the diluting
      ability of the TAL and hence the delivery of tubular fluid with increased NaCl
      concentrations to the macula densa should lead to a stimulation of the tubulo
      glomerular feedback mechanism. Feedback activation per se could be the cause of
      the consistent GFR decrease and thus contribute to the basic nephrotoxicity of
      CSA.

PMID- 3708938
TI  - Effect of cyclosporine A on renal electrolyte transport: whole kidney and Henle
      loop study.
AB  - We investigated whole kidney function and electrolyte transport in the loop of
      Henle of surface nephrons using micropuncture in rats pretreated for 5-7 days
      with cyclosporine A (CSA, 15 mg/kg). We also studied whether the kidney was able
      to increase K+ excretion acutely after a period of acute i.v. KCl loading (37
      mumol/min.kg body weight). For Henle loop studies we microperfused the late
      proximal tubule downstream from an immobile wax block at two perfusion rates (15
      and 40 nl/min). The fluid at the beginning distal tubule was collected and
      analyzed for inulin, Na+, K+, Cl-, Ca++, and Mg++. Plasma levels of CSA in our
      model ranged from 254 and 971 ng/ml and showed no relation to the obtained
      measurements. The pretreatment with CSA did not significantly change whole kidney
      or Henle loop electrolyte transport compared to drug free controls. Also, the CSA
      pretreated rats were able to excrete an acute KCl load although this was at the
      expense of a marginally higher plasma K+ concentration and also a smaller urine
      flow increase during KCl loading. Thus CSA-pretreated rats showed only a mildly
      impaired response to KCl challenge in the absence of GFR impairment.

PMID- 3708939
TI  - Glomerulotubular function in cyclosporine A treated rats.
AB  - A total of 178 rats treated with Cyclosporine A (CyA, dose range 0-50 mg/kg/day)
      during 14 days were investigated with clearance methods (inulin, lithium, sodium
      and potassium), serum CyA and plasma renin concentration (PRC). Inulin clearance
      (Cin) decreased to a mean of 68% of the control value in the 12.5 mg/kg/day
      group, 44% in the 25 mg/kd/day group and 47% in the 50 mg/kg/day group,
      respectively. Lithium clearance (CLi) was reduced in all CyA treated groups,
      while the absolute proximal tubular reabsorption as calculated from Cin-CLi was
      decreased during increased fractional proximal reabsorption (1-CLi/Cin). As
      proximal intratubular hydrostatic pressure has been shown to be low in the normal
      range (excluding tubular obstruction) these findings are considered due to a
      decrease in ultrafiltration pressure. Furthermore we found the reabsorption of
      sodium distal to the proximal tubule to be decreased, both absolute (PNa X (CLi
      CNa)) and fractional to the delivery from the end of the proximal tubule (1
      CNa/CLi). Also the distal potassium reabsorption was decreased PK X (CLi-CK).
      These findings were not primary, but rather secondary, to the altered proximal
      function, since it has been shown that i.v. CyA immediately produces increased
      fractional proximal reabsorption. PRC was increased from a mean of 2.5 to 4.9 and
      5.3 X 10(-4) Goldblatt units (GU)/ml (12.5 and 25 mg/kg group, respectively), to
      be explained by the decreased sodium delivery to the macula densa region and/or
      by a direct CyA effect. In conclusion CyA reduces the net ultrafiltration
      pressure, and due to an insufficient decrease in absolute proximal tubular
      reabsorption, fractional proximal reabsorption increases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3708940
TI  - The potassium content of heart muscle following cyclosporine.
AB  - The potassium content of cardiac muscle was examined after 9 or 22 days of
      cyclosporine A administration in normal rats and rats exposed to either
      renovascular, Goldblatt hypertension or renal ischemia. Cyclosporine A did not
      result in any alteration in cardiac muscle potassium compared to untreated rats
      in either group, even though the animals which had been subjected to renal
      ischemia and cyclosporine A plasma potassium was raised compared to animals
      subjected just to renal ischemia. The potassium content of cardiac muscle,
      however, was found to be raised in the hypertrophic hearts of the Goldblatt,
      renovascular hypertensive animals, both with and without cyclosporine.

PMID- 3708941
TI  - Prevention of cyclosporine (CyA) nephrotoxicity by synthetic prostaglandins.
AB  - Acute and chronic nephrotoxicity directly attributable to cyclosporine (CyA)
      administration remains an obstacle to its successful use. The studies presented
      in this report characterize the cytoprotective properties of 16,16-dimethyl
      prostaglandin E2 in a lethal CyA-induced nephrotoxic rodent model. Wistar-Furth
      rats (200-250 g) receiving CyA alone (100 mg/kg/day) showed marked deterioration
      in renal function with severe histologic renal lesions and death of the majority
      of animals by day 7. The prostaglandin treated group (10/micrograms/kg/day)
      administered concomitantly with CyA demonstrated near normal renal function and
      histology by the eighth day after CyA discontinuation, and in a significant
      improvement in animal survival of 85% (p less than 0.001, n = at least 20
      rats/group). These studies demonstrate a novel approach to a major problem with
      cyclosporine and should have exciting clinical potential.

PMID- 3708942
TI  - Cyclosporine nephrotoxicity in the Fischer rat.
AB  - Male Fischer rats received daily intraperitoneal injections of cyclosporine (IV
      preparation containing CsA + cremophor) diluted in NaCl or in NaCl + cremophor.
      At the dose of 100 mg and 50 mg/kg/day the animals developed seizures, motor
      weakness and died at 4-7 days. Light microscopy at 7 days in these rats showed
      diffuse vacuolization of all segments of the proximal tubules which was very
      extensive in the outer stripe. At the dose of 25 mg and 15 mg/kg/day animals were
      free of symptoms and were sacrificed at day 15 for functional and histological
      studies. Light and electron microscopy showed cytoplasmic vacuolization in all
      segments of the proximal tubules. Crystal structures were observed in the
      experimental animals as well as in the control group that received cremophor +
      NaCl. The CsA blood levels were at the range of 134-236 ng/ml. Reduction of the
      glomerular filtration rate was observed in experimental animals as compared with
      the controls. We concluded that CsA is not the cause of an interstitial nephritis
      in the Fischer rats and that CsA is nephrotoxic to all segments of the proximal
      tubules. The cremophor is the cause of the crystal structures seen in the
      proximal tubules.

PMID- 3708944
TI  - Prediction of left ventricular function in acute anterior myocardial infarction
      by serum creatine kinase activity and precordial ECG mapping.
AB  - Right cardiac catheterization, serial determination of creatine phosphokinase
      (CPK) and of CPK-MB activities, and precordial 35-lead ECG mapping were performed
      in 17 consecutive patients with a first anterior acute myocardial infarction
      (AMI) within 6 hours of the onset of symptoms. Left ventricular function as
      determined by the stroke index (SI, ml/m2) to mean pulmonary capillary wedge
      pressure (PCWP, mmHg) ratio inversely correlated either with the total CPK and
      CPK-MB released and with peak enzymatic activity, or with the entity of early
      (6th hour ECG) ST-segment elevation. Conversely, a direct correlation was found
      between the SI/PCWP ratio and the ratio of R to Q+S waves from late (48th hour)
      ECG. Residual left ventricular function after a first anterior AMI can therefore
      be estimated noninvasively in the individual patient by early precordial ECG
      mapping and by peak enzymatic activity.

PMID- 3708943
TI  - Normal sympathetic neural activity in patients with mitral valve prolapse.
AB  - The hemodynamic and neurohumoral responses to head-up tilt and isometric exercise
      were studied in 14 mitral valve prolapse (MVP) patients with and 10 MVP patients
      without complaints and in 16 healthy control subjects. Plasma catecholamines at
      rest were not different between the three groups and neither were their changes
      during either test. The hemodynamic changes during head-up tilt were not
      different between the three groups. The symptomatic MVP patients showed a lower
      rise in diastolic blood pressure (14.3 +/- 6.4%) than the controls (22.9 +/-
      9.6%) (p less than 0.05) during isometric exercise. In view of the fact that the
      neurohumoral responses to both tests were the same for all groups, we cannot
      support the suggestions from other studies that MVP patients have an impaired or
      enhanced sympathetic tone. Moreover, since there were no differences between
      symptomatic and asymptomatic MVP patients it is doubtful whether the complaints
      of symptomatic MVP patients are related to a high sympathetic neural activity.

PMID- 3708945
TI  - Effects of atenolol in patients with reciprocating supraventricular tachycardia.
AB  - We studied 12 patients with crisis of paroxysmal reciprocating supraventricular
      tachycardia before and after intravenous injection of 5 mg of atenolol. The
      patients were then followed for periods ranging from 6 to 50 months (median 34
      months). During this time, they received oral atenolol therapy, at 200 mg for the
      first two weeks, and 100 mg daily thereafter. Tachycardia was due to
      reciprocation within the atrioventricular node in 9 patients, and to pre
      excitation in 3 patients. Atenolol slowed the sinus rate, prolonged the
      atrioventricular conduction time, and increased the atrial cycle length at which
      atrioventricular nodal Wenckebach phenomenon occurred. During the tachycardia,
      atenolol increased the tachycardia During the tachycardia, atenolol increased the
      tachycardia cycle length, due to prolongation of the intranodal atrioventricular
      conduction time. Of the 11 patients who were observed for the full period, 7 had
      no further episodes of arrhythmia. One patient (with left-sided pre-excitation)
      failed to respond to any antiarrhythmic medication, one patient remained free of
      symptoms for two years, but received an atrial pacemaker for control of the
      tachycardia at the end of this period. Two patients (one with dual
      atrioventricular nodal pathways, and one with concealed left-sided pre
      excitation) await other treatment for their tachycardia, after remaining free of
      symptoms for one and two years, respectively. These findings suggest that
      atenolol is an effective beta blocker for use in controlling arrhythmias in
      patients with reciprocating supraventricular tachycardia, for use in once daily
      dosage, and is a medication largely free of side effects.

PMID- 3708946
TI  - Comparative analysis of myocardial enzyme activities of the energy-supplying
      metabolism in patients with dilative cardiomyopathies and valve diseases.
AB  - We determined representative enzyme activities of glycogenolysis (glycogen
      phosphorylase) glycolysis (d-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, GAPDH),
      beta oxidation of free fatty acids (1-3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase, HADH),
      citric acid cycle (citrate synthase, CS), lactate fermentation (lactate
      dehydrogenase LDH), and creatine phosphate metabolism (creatine kinase, CK) in
      left ventricular samples of 36 patients to investigate if the metabolic
      capacities of the energy-supplying pathways are differently affected in different
      heart diseases. There were 17 patients with mitral valve diseases (MVD), 8
      patients with aortic valve diseases (AVD), and 11 patients who suffered from
      dilative cardiomyopathies (DCM). The main metabolic characteristic on the level
      of enzymatic organization in patients with DCM was an increased ratio of
      GAPDH/HADH activities and a decreased ratio of HADH/CS activities compared to the
      valve-diseased patients. This result indicates that the capacity of glucose
      oxidation is enhanced at the expense of fatty acid metabolism in patients with
      DCM. Furthermore, we determined significantly lower myocardial CK activities in
      this group of patients, most probably reflecting a diminished content of
      myofibrils. Citrate synthase activity was lowest in patients with AVD. Although
      we cannot rule out that the impaired left ventricular function is in part
      responsible for the shift of the capacities of the energy-supplying metabolism in
      patients with DCM, we favor the assumption that it is a specific feature of this
      myocardial disease.

PMID- 3708947
TI  - The applicability of noninvasive His bundle electrogram to assessing the effect
      of digitalis on atrioventricular conduction.
AB  - His bundle electrograms were recorded by a signal averaging technique using the
      Takayasu vectorial lead system, and effects of ouabain on the atrioventricular
      conduction were investigated using Wistar rats. Ouabain was given
      intraperitoneally at 30 min intervals in doses of 1-40 mg/kg. When ouabain dosage
      was increased to 20 mg/kg, the prolongation of PQ interval became prominent and P
      waves were hidden on the preceding T waves. Dose-related prolongation of PQ and
      AH intervals was observed in the 1-15 mg/kg dosages. Ouabain-induced ventricular
      arrhythmias occurred in the 30 mg/kg dosage. Dose-related prolongation of QRS
      duration and HV interval was observed in the 1-25 mg/kg dosages. These
      prolongations were significant by the analysis of variance (p less than 0.01).
      Prolongation of PQ and AH intervals is probably due to a digitalis-induced
      increase in parasympathetic nerve activity. However, the reason for the
      prolongation of HV interval and QRS duration was uncertain. Direct effects of
      ouabain on the conduction system, or central nervous system effects of ouabain on
      cardiovascular function were speculated. These results suggest the applicability
      of the noninvasive record of His bundle electrogram to assessing the digitalis
      effect even on the human atrioventricular conduction.

PMID- 3708948
TI  - Appearance of T-wave inversions without raised serum enzyme activity in suspected
      acute myocardial infarction: clinical outcome in relation to subendocardial
      infarction.
AB  - In 67 patients with a clinical history of suspected acute myocardial infarction
      (MI) who developed T-wave inversions in standard ECG and had normal serum
      aspartate aminotransferase activity (possible MI) the clinical outcome was
      compared with that in patients fulfilling criteria for subendocardial infarction.
      Patients with possible MI had a lower mortality (p = 0.02) and also a lower
      reinfarction rate (p = 0.14) during the first 2 years as compared with those with
      subendocardial MI. Although patients with subendocardial MI had more problems
      with chest pain in the acute phase, angina pectoris occurred more frequently in
      patients with possible MI during a longer follow-up period. Congestive heart
      failure occurred more frequently in patients with subendocardial MI during
      initial hospitalization, whereas treatment for heart failure appeared similar in
      the two groups during a longer follow-up time. We conclude that the clinical
      course in patients with possible MI, here defined as chest pain and appearance of
      T-wave inversions without elevation of serum enzyme activity, seems to differ
      from that in patients with subendocardial MI, particularly regarding long-term
      survival and incidence of angina pectoris.

PMID- 3708949
TI  - Probable early acute hepatitis with parenteral amiodarone.
AB  - A patient with acute changes suggesting acute hepatitis after parenteral
      amiodarone administration is described. A 77-year-old man with previous
      myocardial infarction was admitted with chronic left heart failure and atrial
      tachycardia. Initial hepatic function tests were strictly normal. After therapy
      with parenteral amiodarone (2300 mg in 3 days) and other measures, signs of
      congestive heart failure disappeared; subsequently the patient developed
      jaundice, marked increase in serum transaminase levels and fall in prothrombin
      time, and histologic changes of severe centrilobular necrosis were observed in
      hepatic biopsy. Clinical, laboratory (absence of others markers of hepatic
      disease), and histological findings seem to rule out common causes of hepatic
      disease. Therefore, parenteral amiodarone was implicated as the cause of acute
      hepatitis in this patient. In addition, there were findings suggesting a possibly
      immunologically mediated mechanism.

PMID- 3708950
TI  - Echocardiographic and hemodynamic features of severe aortic regurgitation with
      diastolic opening of the aortic valve.
AB  - Severe aortic regurgitation may be associated with premature aortic valve
      opening. Several possible etiologies for this diastolic opening have been
      suggested. We present a patient with hemodynamic data, M-mode and 2-D
      echocardiography in the setting of severe aortic regurgitation and diastolic
      aortic valve opening. Our data lead us to conclude that aortic valve opening in
      this situation is neither from passive flotation nor dependent on atrial systole.
      We believe that active ventricular recoil mechanisms can facilitate increases in
      diastolic ventricular pressure which then can transiently exceed aortic pressure
      in the setting of severe aortic regurgitation. This hemodynamic observation
      suggests that the valve opening is an active process.

PMID- 3708951
TI  - Anomalous origin of the right coronary artery arising from the circumflex artery.
AB  - A case of anomalous origin of the right coronary artery discovered among 3100
      selective coronary arteriograms is described. This artery was arising from the
      circumflex artery. The position, distribution, and configuration of this coronary
      artery was as a normal right coronary artery, except that its origin was in the
      peripheral segment of the circumflex artery. This anomalous origin is very rare
      and seems not to give rise to any clinical significance.

PMID- 3708952
TI  - Brain anomalies found in 18 trisomy: CT scanning, morphologic and morphometric
      study.
AB  - Brain anomalies in 9 cases of cytogenetically proven 18 trisomy were reported. In
      addition to the various cerebral anomalies such as gyral or lobar abnormalities,
      hippocampal dysplasia, abnormal lateral geniculate body, agenesis or hypoplasia
      of the corpus callosum, absent or hypoplastic olfactory nerves, small optic
      tracts, and dysplasia of the inferior olivary nucleus, hypoplasia of the
      cerebellum and ventral pons was found in all cases. Cranial computed tomography
      was performed and revealed cerebellar and pontine hypoplasia with or without
      hypoplasia of the posterior cranial fossa as a characteristic finding in all 9
      cases. A comparative morphometric study was done using age-matched controls.
      Macroscopically, the weight ratio of the cerebellum and brain stem to the whole
      brain was reduced compared with the controls. Microscopically, the thickness of
      the internal granular layer of the cerebellum was reduced especially at the
      convex area.

PMID- 3708953
TI  - Brainstem lesions due to granular ependymitis in symptomatic diffuse esophageal
      spasm: a case report.
AB  - An 80 year-old man had symptomatic diffuse esophageal spasms for a few months.
      They were documented by radiographic, endoscopic and manometric findings. The
      post-mortem neuropathological examination showed a granular ependymitis of the
      fourth ventricle involving the dorsal region of the motor dorsal nuclei of the
      vagus nerve which showed frank neuronal loss. The muscular wall of the esophagus,
      its myenteric plexus and the fasciculi of the vagus nerve were histologically
      normal. This is the first published case of such a brainstem lesion associated
      with symptomatic diffuse esophageal spasms. These pathological data are compared
      with those already published on achalasia.

PMID- 3708954
TI  - Cockayne's syndrome: report of two autopsy cases associated with neurofibrillary
      tangles.
AB  - Neuropathological findings in two patients with Cockayne's syndrome, a rare
      familial condition with mental retardation, progressive neurological deficits,
      progeria, and dwarfism, are described. Both patients showed extensive tigroid
      demyelination of the white matter and massive calcifications in the striatum,
      pallidum, and dentate nucleus. In one patient, neurofibrillary tangles were found
      in neurons in the nucleus basalis of Meynert, locus ceruleus, substantia nigra,
      and cerebral cortex, while in the other case only a few tangles were seen in the
      cerebral cortex. Electron microscopy revealed paired helical filaments. The
      presence of neurofibrillary tangles in Cockayne's syndrome, rarely reported
      previously, could suggest premature aging of the brain.

PMID- 3708955
TI  - "Chromatolytic" neurons in lateral geniculate body in Werdnig-Hoffmann disease.
AB  - In a case of Werdnig-Hoffmann disease, we have observed pathologic changes in the
      neuronal cell bodies of the lateral geniculate nucleus. These changes are similar
      to those seen in lower motor neurons and dorsal root ganglia. As the lateral
      geniculate nucleus and its projections are entirely central, this observation
      raises questions as to the possible etiologic role of root entry zone glial
      bundles in the evolution of neuronal alterations in severe spinal muscular
      atrophy.

PMID- 3708956
TI  - Diffuse muscle fiber atrophy in newly diagnosed diabetes.
AB  - Muscle fiber dimensions were studied in six newly diagnosed insulin-dependent
      young diabetic males and in four age, sex and weight matched controls. Three of
      the patients had never received any antidiabetic medication before biopsy and the
      others had been treated with insulin for a few days only. Mean fiber caliber of
      the anterior tibial muscle was smaller in diabetics than in controls, the values
      being 61.8 +/- 4.3 micron (SD) versus 77.8 +/- 9.1 micron (2p less than 0.01).
      The size-frequency distribution of fiber calibers showed that a considerable part
      of the fiber population was reduced in size. No significant changes were found in
      sarcomere length, number of muscle or interstitial cell nuclei or number of
      capillaries. The observation of an over-all reduction of muscle fiber size
      following a few weeks of severe hyperglycemia is in accordance with previous
      experimental studies. We conclude that the catabolism associated with a sustained
      and uncorrected diabetic state in man leads to muscle fiber atrophy.

PMID- 3708957
TI  - Craniopharyngioma in a boy with centronuclear (myotubular) myopathy: clinical and
      postmortem findings.
AB  - This report describes a case of centronuclear myopathy which was considered to
      represent an example of severe x-linked myotubular myopathy [van Wijngaarden et
      al. 1969]. The neonatal period was dramatic with weak movements and respiratory
      problems. This was followed by a gradual improvement of muscle strength but he
      continued to have severe respiratory problems. At the age of four he developed
      the symptoms of a craniopharyngioma, which was operated upon. He died from
      respiratory failure two months after the operation.

PMID- 3708958
TI  - A freeze-fracture study on GM2 gangliosidosis.
AB  - Membranous cytoplasmic bodies (MCBs) in neurons from an autopsy case with Tay
      Sachs disease were investigated using the freeze-fracture technique. Despite
      formalin fixation for months, the structures of storage material were well
      preserved and showed complex and compound MCBs with typical arrangement of
      lamellae. Each lamella consisted of a clear space of about 27 nm delimited on
      both sides by a small fracture line similar to plasma membranes as seen in
      electron micrographs of freeze-fracture studies. Our investigation shows that
      freeze-fracturing of autopsy material is a valuable method and can be performed
      on neuronal storage material.

PMID- 3708959
TI  - Chymopapain in perspective.
AB  - Three hundred fifty-nine patients with herniated nucleus pulposus syndrome were
      treated by chemonucleolysis with chymopapain. Good to excellent results were
      achieved in 71% with a minimum of six months follow-up observation. In a group
      followed for an average of ten years, the result was favorable in 86.6%; 58% of
      all patients injected had a good to excellent long-term result. Disc space
      narrowing averaged 2 mm, with no adverse effect on the result. Firm conclusions
      about the cause of failure of chemonucleolysis could not be drawn. Injection at
      two levels was recommended when a single offending level could not be identified.
      There were no cases of anaphylaxis with a premedication regimen of dexamethasone,
      diphenhydramine, and cimetidine. The procedure was safe and the results were
      reproducible.

PMID- 3708960
TI  - Biceps tenodesis for painful inferior subluxation of the shoulder in adult
      acquired hemiplegia.
AB  - Painless inferior subluxation of the shoulder is a common finding following
      stroke and is a manifestation of the adynamic nature of the disorder. The weight
      of the limb is not counterbalanced by shoulder musculature. This is a preliminary
      report of a simple tenodesis procedure performed in six patients with uniformly
      successful reduction of the subluxation. The tenodesis is performed through a
      short deltopectoral approach. The tendon of the long head of the biceps is looped
      over the coracoid process of the scapula and secured with a barbed staple, thus
      reducing the subluxation. The indications were painful inferior subluxation of a
      flail shoulder and failure of multiple orthotic attempts to relieve discomfort.
      Follow-up evaluation ranged from ten to 42 months with no instances of pain or
      recurrent subluxation in five cases. The one failure was in a patient whose pain
      was thought to be thalamic in origin. The subluxation was reduced, but the pain
      persisted.

PMID- 3708961
TI  - Preliminary observations on epiphyseal growth rate in congenital pseudarthrosis
      of tibia after free vascularized fibular graft.
AB  - Observations were made on the growth rate of proximal and distal tibial
      epiphyseal growth plates in three children treated by free vascularized fibular
      grafts for congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia. Postoperative measurements
      show that the distal tibial epiphysis can grow faster than the proximal
      epiphysis; the successful transfer of vascularized fibula may increase blood
      supply to the distal tibial epiphyseal plate, thus stimulating its growth.

PMID- 3708962
TI  - Biomechanical evaluation of the Ender's pins, the Harris nail, and the dynamic
      hip screw for the unstable intertrochanteric fracture.
AB  - While intramedullary fixation may have less operative morbidity than sliding
      plate systems, there also may be a loss of stability and strength of the
      fixation. In a biomechanical study with simulated unstable intertrochanteric
      fractures in cadaver femurs, multiple Ender's pins were 18% stronger than the
      single Harris nail. Compression hip screws were three times stronger than the
      Harris nail and two and one-half times stronger than Ender's pins. The
      compression hip screw was five times more rigid than either condylocephalic
      system.

PMID- 3708963
TI  - Percutaneous Neufeld pinning for femoral neck fractures.
AB  - Percutaneous Neufeld pinning was performed for 32 femoral neck fractures in
      elderly medically debilitated patients (mean age, 75 years). The technical
      complications were minimal in the 25 impacted or nondisplaced fractures and in
      the seven displaced fractures. Although 23 of the 25 patients with impacted or
      nondisplaced fractures were ambulatory at a mean follow-up period of two years,
      none of the patients with displaced fractures achieved functional ambulation.
      Percutaneous Neufeld pinning may be considered for elderly, medically unstable
      patients with impacted or nondisplaced fractures, using no more than three pins.
      Some other internal fixation device, endoprosthetic arthroplasty, or another
      implant should be considered for displaced fractures.

PMID- 3708964
TI  - Treatment of neglected femoral neck fractures in young adults.
AB  - Sixteen young adults with neglected femoral neck fractures were treated from 1974
      to 1981. The ages ranged from 16 to 43 years. The periods of delay after fracture
      were three months to two years. Most of the patients were initially treated by a
      "Chinese bone setter" with subsequent development of leg shortening, upward
      displacement of the distal fragment, and a variable degree of absorption of the
      femoral neck or head. Treatment included skeletal traction followed by open or
      closed reduction, internal fixation, or angulation osteotomy with or without bone
      graft. Two to eight years later, there were no cases of nonunion. Four hips
      developed avascular necrosis with one requiring still further surgical treatment.
      Thirteen patients (81%) had good to excellent results. Preservation of the
      patients' own hip joints was worthwhile. A defeatist attitude toward the
      "unsolved" fracture should be qualified.

PMID- 3708965
TI  - The isoelastic, noncemented total hip arthroplasty. Preliminary experience with
      400 cases.
AB  - The first 400 patients having cementless isoelastic total hip arthroplasties with
      a polyacetyl femoral component stem were assessed by independent observers with a
      minimum review time of two years. Six percent of the patients had died at the
      time of review; these were mainly elderly patients with subcapital fractures.
      Ninety-seven percent of the surviving patients appeared for a complete clinical
      and radiological review. Ninety-two percent of these patients considered that
      they had a good result following surgery. Six patients (1.6%) developed
      infection, and three patients (0.8%) required revision procedures, two for
      femoral loosening and one for recurrent dislocation. Two (0.5%) acetabular
      components were loose, one of which was associated with infection. In the initial
      part of the series with narrow-diameter, second-generation femoral components,
      some had subsided and tilted into varus, but with improved instrumentation and
      availability of wider diameter femoral components, this problem has been
      overcome. In order to obtain a more secure mechanical fixation of the femoral
      component in the medullary canal and to increase implant-bone interface, the
      third-generation femoral components were used in the latter 48 cases of the
      series, and clinical and radiological results were excellent with corresponding
      reduction in the recommended period of gait support. No component had broken.
      Femoral fractures incurred during surgery by dislocation or impaction had all
      healed with routine management. These early results are encouraging, but the
      effectiveness of this prosthesis must be determined by longer follow-up data.

PMID- 3708966
TI  - A comparison of osteonecrosis and osteoarthritis patients following total hip
      arthroplasty. A long-term follow-up study.
AB  - Between November 1969 and December 1983, 105 total hip arthroplasties were
      performed on 82 patients with a diagnosis of idiopathic osteonecrosis (ON).
      During the same period, 891 total hip surgeries were performed on 706
      osteoarthritis (OA) patients. In order to statistically compare these two
      diseases, the records of each patient were examined for possible differences in
      bilaterality, sex, age, and acute postoperative complications including
      infections, pain, nonunions, and heterotopic bone (HB). Sixty-four ON hips and
      615 OA hips (all with at least three years of follow-up data) were then evaluated
      for acetabular and femoral radiolucency, acetabular and femoral loosening, and
      pain. The same long-term complications were evaluated in some of these patients
      at five-, seven-, and ten-year follow-up periods. The ON patients were
      significantly younger than the OA patients (p less than .001). Bilateral
      involvement and male/female distributions were found to be similar. Except for
      HB, acute postoperative complications (zero to six months) were similar. Early HB
      surrounding one-third or more of the hip joint was statistically less in the ON
      patient population (p less than .001). No significant differences in long-term
      complications were found. However, a much higher death rate was found in ON
      patients (24%) as compared to OA patients (15%) (significant at p less than .07).
      This difference was not due to any postoperative complication or the hip
      arthroplasty itself, because both were the same in the two populations.

PMID- 3708967
TI  - Stress fracture as a cause of chronic pain following revision total hip
      arthroplasty. Report of two cases.
AB  - Femoral stress fractures following revision total hip arthroplasty developed
      about a cortical window in two patients. These cases differ from previously
      reported fractures in that there was no significant trauma, the pain was gradual
      in onset, and there was no displacement at the fracture site. Tomograms and
      radionuclide bone scans were necessary to reveal the fracture. One femur healed
      with hip spica immobilization, while the other required bone grafting. Femoral
      stress fractures should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients
      with thigh pain after revision total hip arthroplasty, particularly if a cortical
      window had been necessary.

PMID- 3708968
TI  - Clinical studies of chemonucleolysis patients with ten- to twenty-year follow-up
      evaluation.
AB  - A follow-up evaluation of 357 patients injected with chymopapain ten to 20 years
      earlier included 97 females of mean age 42.2 years and 260 males of mean age 41.6
      years. Pain distribution and physical findings were positive for discogenic
      involvement of long duration prior to chemonucleolysis. Eighteen patients were
      treated under worker's compensation. Postoperation, significant back pain
      persisted less than 24 hours in seven patients, less than six days in 133, less
      than 21 days in 178, from one to three months in nine, and between three and six
      months in two patients. Leg pain remained less than 24 hours in 32 patients,
      between one and five days in 212, between six and 21 days in 96, between one and
      three months in seven, and between six and 12 months in three patients. Similar
      improvement in extensor hallucis longus weakness and straight leg raising was
      also noted. Pain relief in the long term showed none persisting in the 158
      patients or 44%, mild remaining pain in 107 or 30%, moderate pain in 71 or 20%
      and some pain in 21 or 6%. Thus the result was graded satisfactory in 74%.
      Complications included thrombophlebitis in two, pulmonary emboli in two, severe
      abdominal stress two days postoperation in one, severe anaphylatic reaction in
      one, and transient chest pain of undetermined etiology in one patient. All made
      good recovery from these complications.

PMID- 3708969
TI  - Biomechanical performance of locked intramedullary nail systems in comminuted
      femoral shaft fractures.
AB  - The biomechanical properties of commercially available locked nail systems
      designed for use in comminuted femoral shaft fractures were compared and
      evaluated. Ender nails as well as three forms of interlocking nails, Brooker
      Wills (B-W), Klenm-Schellman (K-S), and Grosse-Kempf (G-K), were implanted in
      cadaver femora. The femora were tested in torsion, bending, and axial loading to
      failure. Two fracture models were tested--a 3 cm subtrochanteric defect and an 8
      cm midshaft defect. Results of the testing revealed the three interlocking nails
      to be comparable to each other and superior to Ender nails in bending and
      torsion. However, the distally bolted locked nails (K-S, G-K) resisted
      significantly higher loads than either the distally bladed locked nail (B-W) or
      Ender nails when tested to failure by axial loading.

PMID- 3708970
TI  - An osteoid osteoma in an open distal femoral epiphysis. A case report.
AB  - An osteoid osteoma occurred in the distal femoral epiphysis of an 11-year-old
      boy. Only eight other cases of this tumor in an open epiphysis have been
      reported. An image intensifier was used to place the tip of a wire in the center
      lesion. Removal through a small incision with a bone trephine placed over a
      guiding Kirschner wire was curative. Bone peripheral to the lesion was replaced,
      allowing early mobilization without support.

PMID- 3708971
TI  - Fracture of a unicompartmental knee replacement femoral component.
AB  - Fracture of the femoral component of a unicompartmental knee replacement occurred
      ten years after the operation in a 69-year-old man. Fractures of femoral
      components are unusual and can occur when the metal is thin and weak or where
      there are areas of stress concentration.

PMID- 3708972
TI  - Biocompression external fixation. Sliding external osteosynthesis.
AB  - Biocompression is a term applied to the stresses that have their origin in the
      elastic deformation of a diaphyseal bone, under the loads of functional
      activities. Its significance is the osteogenic response that biocompression
      stress induces in the cells of the healthy bone. The Biocompression Theory
      assumes that biocompression is as essential as osteogenic factors in the repair
      of a fracture. Thus, fracture healing requires not only stability, which is not
      osteogenic in itself, but physiologic biocompression. An external fixator that
      provides good stability and enables local biocompression has been used in the
      tibia of 127 patients, and healing with callus formation has been achieved in
      all.

PMID- 3708973
TI  - Eight- to 13-year follow-up evaluation of chemonucleolysis patients.
AB  - 739 patients treated eight to 13 years previously with chymopapain injection are
      evaluated by questionnaire. The results were 76% satisfactory and 24%
      unsatisfactory. When those with prior surgery, midline discs, and
      spondylolisthesis were eliminated, there is a satisfactory result in 82% with 60%
      excellent, reinforcing the importance of patient selection for the procedure.
      Thirty-one percent of patients had preoperative myelograms, and all had
      discograms and were done under general anesthesia with the single needle
      technique. Of the excellent and good results, 50% had a two-level injection,
      while one-level injections produced only 23% and 20%, respectively. Results in
      midline discs are comparable to lateral displacement and the 13 patients with
      spondylolisthesis had 85% satisfactory outcome. In ten patients younger than 19
      years of age, only one was a failure. Sixteen percent of patients had prior
      surgery and they reported a successful outcome of injection in 55%. Of the 179
      unsatisfactory results in the series, subsequent treatment reduced the rate of
      failed end results to 14%. The study verifies the persistence of early
      satisfactory results and shows no late complications such as symptomatic
      iatrogenic spinal stenosis.

PMID- 3708974
TI  - Anterior dislocation of the shoulder in the older patient.
AB  - A significant number of rotator cuff defects are brought to light following a
      first-time dislocation in older patients. Recurrence in this group of patients is
      low; however, standard anterior repairs may be employed effectively in such
      situations. Neurologic and vascular injuries, although infrequent, should be
      carefully ruled out as accompanying the initial injury. Knowledge of these facts
      will allow a better appreciation of the pathology associated with the anterior
      dislocation in the older patient. From this, more confident recommendations may
      be made regarding management of these difficult problems.

PMID- 3708975
TI  - Boytchev procedure for the treatment of anterior shoulder instability.
AB  - Most of the operative techniques described for the treatment of recurrent
      anterior dislocations or subluxations of the shoulder have two distinct
      disadvantages: the need to immobilize the arm for several weeks and loss of
      external rotation. These disadvantages provided an incentive for conducting a
      clinical evaluation of an operation originally described by Boytchev and modified
      by the author. In this procedure, the conjoined tendons of the coracobrachialis
      and the short head of the biceps with the detached tip of the coracoid process
      are rerouted posterior to the subscapularis muscle and reattached to the coracoid
      process, providing a dynamic muscular sling immediately anteroinferior to the
      glenohumeral joint, especially when the arm is in a vulnerable position of
      abduction and external rotation. A total of 26 repairs with a minimal follow-up
      period of two years were reviewed. There were 22 men and four women with an
      average age of 22 years. The results were satisfactory in all patients. Loss of
      external rotation of less than 15 degrees was noted in eight patients. There were
      no redislocations. This procedure provides immediate stability to the shoulder
      allowing range of motion exercises to begin from the first postoperative day.

PMID- 3708976
TI  - Long-term results of conservative treatment of fractures of the distal radius.
AB  - The long-term results of the conservative treatment of wrist fractures were
      observed in a follow-up study of 297 cases over a period of one and one-half
      years to six years. The evaluation of the results was based on clinical
      parameters, both subjective and objective, as well as radiological features. The
      results were: excellent in 38% of cases, good in 49%, fair in 11.5%, and poor in
      1.5%; considerably worse were the subjective results (20% fair to poor). No
      statistically significant relation could be found between results and type of
      fracture. Clinical deformities and pain in the area of the distal radioulnar
      joint were frequent. Decrease in grip strength was observed in 17.8% of cases. A
      limitation of wrist movement was not frequent. Numerous compressive neuropathies
      were found (41 in 35 patients), especially of the median nerve. The values
      relative to the three radiographic parameters under investigation (that is,
      radial deviation, volar tilt, and radioulnar index) were often found to be out of
      the normal range. The comparative study of postreduction and follow-up radiograms
      show the loss of reduction to be frequent, especially as far as the volar tilt is
      concerned. The frequent radiologic deformities are associated with significantly
      bad results only in cases of extremely abnormal values. However, fractures of the
      distal radius are not to be underestimated. Long-term results following
      conservative treatment may not be as acceptable as is generally assumed.

PMID- 3708977
TI  - Multiple myxomata of soft tissue associated with polyostotic fibrous dysplasia. A
      case report.
AB  - Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia with associated myxomata of soft tissue has been
      reported rarely. In most cases, the patient appears first with fibrous dysplasia
      and many years later presents with soft-tissue tumors. This is a report of a 57
      year-old woman--an unusual case of soft-tissue myxomas with fibrous dysplasia.
      This case suggests that a patient developing myxomatous tumors of the soft
      tissues might be evaluated for the possibility of associated fibrous dysplasia.

PMID- 3708978
TI  - Angiomatous involvement of an extremity. A spectrum of syndromes.
AB  - Congenital diffuse hemangiomatous involvement of the entire left thigh and knee
      joint in a 12-year-old girl was complicated by a Kasabach-Merrit type of
      consumptive coagulopathy. Repeated pathologic fractures of the left femur
      resulted in a nonunion. She also had a progressively increasing leg-length
      discrepancy, a stiff contracted knee, and leg atrophy distal to the knee. She was
      misdiagnosed originally as a Klippel-Trenauney syndrome, the progress of which is
      usually self-limited progression and involution. Despite steroid treatment,
      femoral artery banding, and intramedullary fixation of her femur, the hemangioma
      caused progressive debilitation of her left lower limb. At age nine, nonunion
      progressed to marked osteolysis and was treated by a through-knee amputation. A
      review of the literature revealed much confusion about multiple syndromes
      associated with angiomatous involvement of the lower limb. Prognostically, the
      depth and extent of the lesion were the most significant characteristics. This is
      well illustrated in this long-term follow-up study showing diffuse deep
      involvement that led to eventual amputation. Furthermore, this patient presents a
      multitude of complications developing from large angiomas.

PMID- 3708979
TI  - Brachial plexus palsy secondary to clavicular nonunion. Case report and
      literature survey.
AB  - Compression neurapraxias of the brachial plexus secondary to nonunion of the
      clavicle are extremely rare. These palsies routinely affect the medial cord,
      producing primarily ulnar nerve symptoms. The nonunions that cause them are
      almost exclusively hypertrophic and are usually in the middle third of the
      clavicle. These palsies result from the entrapment of the medial cord of the
      brachial plexus within the costoclavicular space of Berkheiser. Onset of symptoms
      is highly variable. Treatment recommendations are divided between partial
      clavicular excision and open reduction with internal fixation. Because this
      lesion requires operative intervention, it must be carefully distinguished from
      traction palsy of the plexus for which it is easily mistaken. This distinction
      requires a meticulous neurologic examination during the initial evaluation of the
      patient with an acute calvicular fracture.

PMID- 3708980
TI  - Lumbar canal stenosis in Paget's disease. The staging of the clinical syndrome,
      its diagnosis, and treatment.
AB  - The lumbar syndrome of Paget's disease is classified according to its severity,
      clinical findings, biochemical factors, and radiological pattern. Pagetoid spinal
      stenoses may occur in three stages as a progressive clinical syndrome. Several
      diagnostic procedures, including computerized tomography, (CT) are analyzed to
      introduce the concept of Spinal Reserve Capacity (SRC). Treatment with calcitonin
      is recommended at the appropriate stages of the syndrome.

PMID- 3708981
TI  - Irreducible supracondylar fracture of the humerus complicated by anterior
      interosseous nerve palsy.
AB  - Supracondylar fractures of the humerus are common injuries in childhood and
      constitute greater than 50% of fractures involving the elbow joint. Neurovascular
      compromise is not infrequent and has been variously reported as occurring in 5%
      17% of displaced fractures. A seven-year-old girl with isolated involvement of
      the anterior interosseous branch of the median nerve, an uncommon complication,
      is reported, along with a review of the literature.

PMID- 3708982
TI  - An unusual loose body in the knee.
AB  - In a 30-year-old man, the movement of a loose body between the knee joint and a
      popliteal cyst caused difficulty in locating the loose body. The first
      roentgenogram showed a posteromedial opacity, which was thought to be a sesamoid.
      On a subsequent film, a loose body appeared in the intercondylar notch and the
      posteromedial opacity was absent. At arthroscopy, the loose body could not be
      found within the joint and a peroperative radiograph showed that the opacity had
      returned to its original position. The loose body was visualized with the
      arthroscope inserted via a posteromedial portal and passed into the popliteal
      cyst. After manipulation of the loose body into the posteromedial compartment, it
      was removed via arthrotomy. The possibility that a loose body may lie in a
      popliteal cyst should be considered if all other attempts have failed to locate
      it.

PMID- 3708983
TI  - Injury to articular cartilage joint surfaces: II. Displaced fractures of
      underlying bone. A histopathologic study of human tissue specimens.
AB  - Thirty-two pathologic specimens from patients who previously had sustained
      intraarticular fractures, usually of either the radial head or the patella, and
      subsequently had excision of the affected bone, were analyzed with respect to the
      healing mechanisms of articular fractures in humans. The cases were divided into
      five groups based on the duration of the time interval between fracture and joint
      surface resection. The fracture clefts were sometimes perpendicular to the joint
      surface but often were more complex, and microscopically showed far more
      comminution than was appreciated from the gross examination. In all cases the
      articular chondrocytes demonstrated minimal reactive or reparative response to
      the injuries, even those cells that were situated directly adjacent to a fracture
      cleft. All significant repair was derived from the fracture-exposed bone marrow.
      At early stages, this consisted of granulation tissue. Later specimens showed
      fibrous tissue bridging the cartilage fracture gaps. Chondrous metaplasia within
      the surface layers of this fibrous callus could be observed occasionally,
      particularly in specimens with older fractures. However, it was often absent. In
      the cancellous bone, the healing of the fractures was by osseous, not
      chondroosseous, callus. In comminuted fractures areas of osteonecrosis were
      demonstrated in a number of cases.

PMID- 3708984
TI  - The Deyerle device for fixation of femoral neck fractures. A review of one
      hundred twenty-five consecutive cases.
AB  - One hundred twenty-five consecutive femoral neck fractures were treated with
      Deyerle fixation in the ten-year period from 1970 to 1980. The 123 patients in
      the series of 125 fractures had a mean age of 62.2 years. Sixty-nine percent of
      the fractures were displaced. Fewer than nine pins were used in only eight cases.
      In 102 cases, impaction was recorded and quantitated. Pin penetration was noted
      in 44 cases (35%), and infection in 14 cases (11%). Sixty-four percent of the
      patients were followed for at least two years; 31 (39%) developed aseptic
      necrosis and five (6.3%) had nonunited fractures. Owing to the risks of increased
      operating time, blood loss, and technical difficulties encountered in the
      authors' teaching hospital, the method was discontinued.

PMID- 3708985
TI  - Effects of immobilization on the articular cartilage in young rabbits. A
      quantitative light microscopic stereological study.
AB  - Eight young New Zealand White rabbits were immobilized by splinting the hind limb
      to extension for eight weeks. Eight mobile animals served as controls. The
      articular cartilage of the lateral tibial condyle of control and of both splinted
      and contralateral knee joints were studied using a stereological method, which
      allowed the authors to derive, from quantitative histologic measurements, three
      dimensional parameters defining the tissue structure. Qualitatively,
      osteoarthrotic changes occurred in both the splinted and the contralateral knee
      joints. Quantitatively, osteoarthrotic changes produced an increase in cell
      density but a decrease in cell size in the superficial zone of articular
      cartilage, and an increase in cell size in the deep zone. Combined qualitative
      and quantitative histologic characteristics were also analyzed. Different types
      of osteoarthrosis were observed in the splinted and the contralateral knees.

PMID- 3708986
TI  - Hyaluronic acid and its effect on postoperative adhesions in the rabbit flexor
      tendon. A preliminary look.
AB  - The effect of hyaluronic acid in preventing adhesion formation in a surgically
      prepared rabbit flexor tendon model has been evaluated. Nineteen rabbits had
      partial tenotomy of the middle digit flexor profundus tendon, eight being treated
      with hyaluronic acid and eleven with saline. The quality of tendon repair and the
      quantity of adhesion tissue were graded. Though both the treated and control
      groups showed significant adhesions, the hyaluronic acid treated tendons showed
      less adhesion tissue and better sliding properties as compared to the controls.
      No significant difference was noted in the quality of tendon repair and no
      adverse effects of hyaluronic acid were seen. It is proposed that additional
      investigation into the development of a better model of postoperative tendon
      adhesions and an improved characterization of this model are needed. This
      preliminary study suggests that hyaluronic acid is effective in reducing the
      quantity of adhesions after tendon surgery but warrants further evaluation.

PMID- 3708987
TI  - Incorporation of a new radioactive compound, 4+Sn-117m DTPA, into normal and
      burred rat femurs.
AB  - The physical characteristics of a new tin radiopharmaceutical, 4+Sn-117m
      diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid (DTPA), may make this compound appropriate
      for orthopedic therapeutic application. The physical and biologic half-lives of
      this tracer are 14 and 7.8 days, respectively. The decay scheme consists of short
      range tissue destroying beta, conversion, and Auger electrons, and a 159-keV
      gamma ray. Significantly, this compound has a high degree of affinity for newly
      calcified bone at the site of experimental burr holes in contrast to the adjacent
      bone marrow. Radioactive skeletal retention was one-half of whole body retention.

PMID- 3708988
TI  - Human cartilage stiffness. In vivo studies.
AB  - Integrated structural properties of cartilage, the combined structural behavior
      of a material (which accounts for both of its elastic properties and geometry)
      were measured in 25 autopsies and 35 open operations. The intraoperative
      measurements were made at the time of total knee arthroplasties, synovectomies,
      amputations, and traumatic lesions of the knee. The results obtained through
      evaluation of force deformation curves have been computer analyzed. There were no
      statistically significant differences between the stiffness of autopsy cartilage
      and in vivo cartilage as obtained through measurements at surgery. There was
      significant age dependence of stiffness of joint cartilage. Stiffness of
      intraoperative as of autopsy cartilage, depends on the thickness of the material
      tested.

PMID- 3708989
TI  - Computed tomography (CT) analysis of the effects of chemonucleolysis.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) was performed on 30 patients with herniated lumbar discs
      before chemonucleolysis and at three and 12 months postinjection. At three months
      the compression produced by the herniated disc was reduced in 20 of the 30
      patients; at 12 months there was complete relief of compression in all but four
      patients. Twenty-four patients developed diffuse bulging of the annulus. There
      was good correlation between the clinical results at three months and the
      reduction in compression as shown by the CT scan. At 12 months, no correlation
      was found between the remaining focal abnormalities and the clinical result. None
      of the patients developed epidural fibrosis. Chemonucleolysis has thus been shown
      to be an effective treatment of herniated lumbar discs, but it is definitely not
      indicated in cases where compression of the nerve root or dural sac is due to a
      bulging annulus.

PMID- 3708990
TI  - The long-term results of chymopapain. Ten-year follow-up of 268 patients after
      chemonucleolysis.
AB  - The effect of chymopapain injection was investigated in myelographically
      confirmed intervertebral disc herniation in 268 patients after ten years. Mean
      age is 39.4 years, 178 males and 90 females. Sixty-two patients had compensation
      or litigation and 12 had prior lumbar spine surgery. Discography was performed in
      223 patients, resulting in 134 one-level injections, 124 two-level injections,
      and ten three-level injections. Forty percent of the patients experienced
      postoperative muscle spasm for several days. No complications were seen in 241
      patients (92%) who were available for follow-up examination at ten years; 86% had
      less leg pain, 82% were employed at a capacity equal to or greater than before
      injection, 9% were at a less strenuous job, 1% were disabled, and 8% had retired.
      In 22 patients treated surgically within one year of chemonucleolysis, disc
      related pathology was present in 14 cases and spondylosis or spinal stenosis was
      present in seven cases. One had a negative exploration and continued to be
      disabled. Eight patients came to surgical intervention after one year because of
      persisting symptoms: four patients had disc protrusion, three had laminectomy and
      spinal fusion, and one had a decompressive laminectomy secondary to spondylotic
      change. Chemonucleolysis did not prejudice the outcome of subsequent surgical
      treatment with good results following this intervention. One tumor, a
      neurofibroma, was found in this study. Chemonucleolysis with chymopapain was a
      safe and effective treatment of radicular complaints caused by well-documented
      intervertebral disc herniation.

PMID- 3708991
TI  - Four brief reports on long-term results of intradiscal chymopapain.
AB  - Five- to 12-year statistics for 842 patients treated with intradiscal chymopapain
      are presented by four observers. While the results are presented in different
      formats, long-term satisfactory results can be reported for 81% of the patients,
      with a range of 71%-83%.

PMID- 3708992
TI  - Chemonucleolysis versus open discectomy. A ten-year follow-up study.
AB  - Retrospectively 156 patients with an average follow-up period of 10.3 years were
      classified in two groups. Group I, 85 patients, chose chymopapain as their
      primary treatment. Group II, 71 patients, elected to have a laminectomy with
      discectomy. Overall, 98% of patients responded to follow-up investigations. Based
      on several well-accepted pain outcome measures there were no significant
      differences between the two groups at ten years. Recurrence rates, however, were
      greater following open discectomy at one- and ten-year follow-up examination. The
      question of when to return a patient to work yielded interesting results. Those
      patients returning to work before feeling completely recovered from symptoms had
      a poorer outcome at final follow-up examination.

PMID- 3708993
TI  - Chemonucleolysis. A ten-year retrospective study.
AB  - An 11.8-year median follow-up evaluation of 42 "ideal" patients who had
      chemonucleolysis was obtained by examination, questionnaire, and roentgenograms.
      The excellent and good rating of this group was 81%, as compared to the total of
      135 patients previously evaluated at 42 months and showing 85.2%. No
      complications were noted. Disc space rewidening, after initial narrowing, was
      observed in eight patients and 26% of all discs injected. While all who showed
      rewidening had excellent results, widening was not necessary to achieve an
      excellent rating. Marked narrowing and sclerosis of intervertebral margins were
      seen in many excellent and good clinical results. Chemonucleolysis represents a
      viable option as definitive treatment for a herniated nucleus pulposus in
      carefully selected patients.

PMID- 3708994
TI  - Long-term results of chymopapain injections.
AB  - A 10- to 14-year follow-up questionnaire of 146 patients treated for sciatica
      from a herniated nucleus pulposus by chymopapain (Discase) injection revealed a
      durable, satisfactory result in 66%. In the 102 patients rated as excellent or
      good, 5% required surgical discectomy 50-82 months after injection. One-, two-,
      and three-level injections were performed and the number of levels injected did
      not influence the success of the procedure or the subsequent need for open
      surgical intervention. There was no correlation shown between the incidence of
      job change or unemployment and the number of levels injected.

PMID- 3708995
TI  - Discography: an element of decision. Surgery versus chemonucleolysis.
AB  - It is a well known fact that both surgery and chemonucleolysis can cure a patient
      suffering from root pain due to a prolapsed intervertebral disc. However, the
      failure rate after intradiscal injection of chymopapain remains important.
      Analysis of the cases operated after unsuccessful chemonucleolysis show that
      about two thirds are due to a remaining discal fragment. Considering the
      possibility of a bad penetration of the enzyme in the herniated area, neither
      computed tomography (CT) scan nor myelography, but only discography, can
      demonstrate invasion of the prolapsed area. On a series of 165 patients injected
      with chymopapain in only one disc, discographic data were correlated with the
      result of the treatment on the root pain. Three items were analyzed: the size of
      the protruding area located at the back of the disc (closely related to operative
      findings, as shown on a previous study), the density of the contrast medium
      filling the protruding area, and the pain response during the injection. A large,
      well-filled protruding area characterizes a "good" image and correlated with 76%
      of good results. Likewise when the pain response is lateralized (in the buttock
      or the affected lower limb), it correlates with 42% of success and 13% of
      failures. In 24.8% of the cases a combination of good images and lateralized pain
      correlates with 97.5% of good results. Therefore discography should be an element
      of decision between surgery and chemonucleolysis, and should be considered as a
      preoperative examination.

PMID- 3708996
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging in marrow diseases.
AB  - Magnetic resonance imaging is an exciting and promising diagnostic tool. It
      employs a powerful magnet and radio frequency waves to produce details of the
      human body with no known risk to patients or staff. It produces superior soft
      tissue contrast between muscle, fat, ligaments and tendons, nerves, and blood
      vessels. Magnetic resonance imaging has potential diagnostic value in avascular
      necroses of bone caused by trauma, Legg-Perthes diseases, sickle cell syndrome,
      and other conditions. It is useful in determining the extent of marrow lesions,
      including tumors and metabolic disturbances, muscle trauma and diseases, spinal
      cord and peripheral nerve lesions including compression neuropathies, and perhaps
      in preoperative evaluation of the patient with intervertebral disc disease.

PMID- 3708997
TI  - Limb swelling after release of a tourniquet.
AB  - Using a water displacement method the authors found that an exsanguinated human
      limb will swell immediately by approximately 10% of its original volume after
      release of a pneumatic tourniquet. Exsanguination reduces limb volume by forcing
      blood from it. Approximately one-half of the post-tourniquet swelling is due to
      the return of the exsanguinated blood volume to the limb. Reactive hyperemia
      accounts for the remainder of the swelling the authors measured. Subsequently,
      additional swelling can occur from both hematoma formation and the accumulation
      of postanoxic edema fluid. In some cases, the placement of a circumferential
      postoperative plaster on a limb prior to tourniquet release may be a hazardous
      procedure.

PMID- 3708998
TI  - Metastatic skeletal disease distal to the elbow and knee.
AB  - Metastatic disease of bone is the most common example of "bone cancer." The
      incidence of skeletal metastases varies from 6% to 85% depending on the primary
      tumor and the method of evaluation. Axial skeletal involvement is more common
      than appendicular involvement, and metastatic lesions below the elbow and knee
      are relatively uncommon. Fifty-seven autopsy subjects had had clinical evidence
      of metastatic involvement below the knee and elbow with an incidence of 7%
      (57/827). The lung was the most common primary site, and the tibia was the most
      common bone affected. Pain, local soft-tissue extension, and pathologic fractures
      were the most common presenting symptoms. Prior to 1960, most patients did not
      receive treatment. Until recent intervention, no treatment was offered to enhance
      the quantity or quality of patient survival.

PMID- 3708999
TI  - The possible significance of symmetry and asymmetry of the mean hemispheric CBF
      in patients with one-sided cerebral ischemia.
AB  - The difference in mean hemispheric CBF was compared in two groups of patients
      suffering from one-sided cerebral ischemia. One group without significant
      arteriographic abnormalities and a group with a one-sided internal carotid artery
      occlusion. The Xenon inhalation method (ISI) was used. It seems to be difficult
      to draw any conclusions from the differences between mean hemispheric ISI values,
      especially for patients with fairly severe clinical symptoms. In far the most
      patients without significant arteriographic abnormalities, no significant
      difference was found. A great difference (high ISI ratio) for patients with no or
      only slight symptoms may indicate a disturbed blood flow to the hemisphere with
      the lower ISI. Such high ratios were only found in patients suffering from a one
      sided occlusion of the internal carotid artery. This rather simple and harmless
      method of blood flow measurement may prove to be a valuable contribution toward
      insight into the pathophysiology of blood flow in patients, especially those
      suffering from one-sided internal carotid artery occlusion.

PMID- 3709000
TI  - Congenital malformations of the spinal cord without early symptoms.
AB  - Description of 11 patients with congenital malformations of the spinal cord. Six
      of them were males, five females and the age varied from 7 to 70 years. Most of
      these cases produced clinical neurological signs indicating spinal cord disease
      in later life during an intercurrent disease. It was thought that changes in the
      bloodvessels and/or perfusion of the area of the spinal cord malformation was the
      ultimate cause of the neurological symptoms. An exact explanation of the origin
      of these developmental disturbances of the spinal cord remains unknown. Different
      hypotheses proposed in the literature, concerning these malformations, are not
      satisfactory.

PMID- 3709001
TI  - Ito's hypomelanosis (incontinentia pigmenti achromians). A review of four cases.
AB  - In 1952 Ito described the occurrence of a bilateral systematized depigmented
      nevus in a 22-year-old Japanese woman. He used the term incontinentia pigmenti
      achromians. The condition has been described under various designations, such as
      for instance Ito's hypomelanosis. Till now 71 patients with this syndrome are
      described. We will report 4 cases, 2 boys and 2 girls, 2 Caucasian, 1 Indonesian
      and 1 Caribean child. The cutaneous signs in these 4 patients fit in with the
      syndrome of Ito's hypomelanosis. Of these 4 children 3 are mentally retarded, 2
      have epilepsy. Congenital malformations are seen in 3 children.
      Electronmicroscopy of skin biopsies of the hypomelanotic nevus and of the normal
      skin were performed. In the biopsy of the normal skin of one patient interruption
      of the basement membrane is seen. Anomalies of the central nervous system as seen
      in our patients occur in about 40% of the cases. Abnormalities of skin
      derivatives next to other ectodermal anomalies are described. Affection of other
      germ layers also occur to a varying degree. In our 4 patients some of these
      abnormalities exist also. These 4 cases are presented to underline the fact that
      this syndrome seems not to be as extremely rare as is proposed.

PMID- 3709002
TI  - Cerebral haemorrhage associated with unilateral Moyamoya syndrome.
AB  - A 34-year-old woman with an intracerebral haemorrhage is reported. Angiography
      demonstrated unilateral abnormalities consistent with the Moyamoya syndrome.

PMID- 3709003
TI  - 'Dementia with contractures' as presenting signs of secondary adrenocortical
      insufficiency.
AB  - Report of a 61-year-old man with progressive mental deterioration and flexion
      contractures of abdominal muscles and legs as initial signs of hypopituitarism.
      Five years after onset of symptoms, an endocrinologically non-functioning
      pituitary adenoma was demonstrated. Thyroid replacement therapy had no effect,
      but administration of hydrocortisone was followed by rapid recovery. The
      opportunity to treat such cases of curable dementia is easily missed.

PMID- 3709004
TI  - Clinical and electrophysiological study in a patient surviving from locked-in
      syndrome.
AB  - The results of clinical and electrophysiological investigations in a patient with
      a locked-in syndrome due to a pontine infarction, mainly on the right side, are
      presented. EEG showed only slight disturbances, while BAER and SSER revealed
      response alterations as could be expected from physical examination. BAER
      revealed altered central conduction after stimulation of either side. After
      median nerve stimulation on the right side SSER was slightly delayed, while no
      reproducible cortical response was seen after stimulation on the left side. Our
      patient survived and showed partial recovery.

PMID- 3709005
TI  - Enterogenous cyst of the cauda equina. A case report and a review of the
      literature.
AB  - The clinico-pathological findings in a 38-year-old man with a progressive cauda
      equina syndrome and with a dorsal dermal fistula in the lower back are presented.
      The X-rays of the spine revealed fusion of the vertebrae L4-L5 and L5-S1, and the
      myelogram showed an intradural tumour, extending upto the level of L2. An
      enterogenous cyst, adherent to the right third lumbar radix was completely
      removed. The clinical and pathological data are compared to previous published
      cases and discussed in relation to the origin of the tumour.

PMID- 3709006
TI  - Cytologic studies of the CSF in schistosomiasis.

PMID- 3709007
TI  - Termination of pregnancy.

PMID- 3709008
TI  - New horizons in the diagnosis, evaluation and therapy of recurrent spontaneous
      abortion.

PMID- 3709009
TI  - Legal aspects of abortion practice.

PMID- 3709010
TI  - Risk management in pregnancy termination.
AB  - This chapter reminds those who provide abortion services that crises are
      inevitable in the medical, counselling and administrative areas of the facility.
      After more than 10 years of providing safe, legal abortions, the author notes
      that the different types of crises that occur are already known and that it is
      possible to prepare for them. Indeed, it is necessary to prepare for a crisis
      before it occurs. The essence of crisis management is to: (a) identify each
      possible crisis and prepare a plan to cope with it, (b) train personnel to avert
      and/or manage a crisis, and to be sure that this training is carried out at
      appropriate intervals to provide sufficient trained staff at all times and (c)
      have on hand an up-to-date, adequate stock of the appropriate supplies and
      equipment to deal with medical and other emergencies. Four crisis management
      'dicta' are given: Prepare yourself, your personnel, and your facility to be able
      to handle crisis. When a medical crisis, as listed, has occurred, the patient
      should be rapidly transported to the hospital and observed there for a suitable
      period of time. A medical crisis must be treated as the life-threatening event
      that it is, regardless of personal ego damage, social disruptions and/or
      financial considerations. The more personnel trained in cardiopulmonary
      resuscitation, the better.

PMID- 3709011
TI  - Role of abortion in control of global population growth.
AB  - No nation desirous of reducing its growth rate to 1% or less can expect to do so
      without the widespread use of abortion. This observational study, based on the
      experience of 116 of the world's largest countries, supports the contention that
      abortion is essential to any national population growth control effort. The
      principal findings are: Except for a few countries with ageing populations and
      very high contraceptive prevalence rates, developed countries will need to
      maintain abortion rates generally in the range of 201-500 abortions per 1000 live
      births if they are to maintain growth rates at levels below 1%. The current rate
      in the USA is 426 abortions per 1000 live births. Developing countries, on the
      other hand, are faced with a different and more difficult set of circumstances
      that require even greater reliance on abortion. No developing nation wanting to
      reduce its growth to less than 1% can expect to do so without the widespread use
      of abortion, generally at a rate greater than 500 abortions per 1000 live births.
      Widespread availability of abortion is a necessary but not sufficient condition
      to achieve growth rates below 1%. A high contraceptive prevalence is essential as
      well in order to achieve growth rates below 1%. A high contraceptive prevalence
      is a necessary but not sufficient condition to achieve population growth rates
      below 1%. A high rate of abortion (generally 201-500 or more abortions per 1000
      live births in the developed and greater than 500 abortions per 1000 live births
      in the developing countries) is essential to achieve growth rates below 1%. The
      different and more difficult set of circumstances faced by developing countries
      that will necessitate even higher abortion rates than developed countries
      includes a young population with resultant rapidly growing numbers of young
      fertile women, poor contraceptive use-effectiveness, low prevalence of
      contraception, and poor or non-existent systems for providing contraceptives.
      These data show that high death rates of infants and children can moderate
      population growth rates--a most undesirable solution. The data in this report
      suggest that actual alternatives are high death rates of infants and children or
      widespread use of contraception and abortion. African nations tend to have the
      very lowest abortion rates and the very highest infant and child death rates. To
      avoid a world with deteriorating social, economic and political stability, with
      the concomitant loss of personal and national security, we must ensure that safe
      abortion is made available to all who wish to use this service.

PMID- 3709012
TI  - Abortion counselling--a new component of medical care.

PMID- 3709013
TI  - Preparation of the cervix: hydrophilic and prostaglandin dilators.
AB  - The use of laminaria has made possible safe uterine evacuation in the second
      trimester and has been identified as a protective factor in the prevention of
      uterine perforation in first-trimester abortion. Two additional approaches to
      cervical dilation are now available - synthetic hydrophilic dilators and
      prostaglandin analogues. Neither has been in use long enough to undergo thorough
      evaluation, but it seems possible that they may confer similar advantages while
      avoiding the discomfort and inconvenience associated with laminaria. New
      approaches to the use of laminaria have increased their value as cervical
      dilators. They may be left in the cervix for 6-48 hours. Multiple sets may be
      employed to achieve adequate cervical dilation for late second-trimester uterine
      evacuation. When fetal membranes are intact, prolonged use or multiple insertions
      of laminaria do not appear to increase rates of post-abortion infection. Lamicel
      and Dilapan are new synthetic dilators which affect the cervix much more rapidly
      than laminaria. The former does not apply radial force to the walls of the
      cervical canal, but the latter does. Significant dilation may be achieved in a
      few hours. Prostaglandins can also alter the cervix in only a few hours.
      Meteneprost appears to do so with minimal gastrointestinal side-effects and with
      a low risk of bleeding or abortion.

PMID- 3709014
TI  - Mid-gestational abortion for medical or genetic indications.
AB  - Women who have major medical complications, such as cardiovascular conditions
      leading to cardiac, renal, or cerebral impairment, which interfere with their
      lifestyle or who have fetuses with major malformations or chromosomal
      abnormalities are eligible for pregnancy terminations before the fetus has
      reached a viable stage. Any method for uterine evacuation may be offered at any
      time if the woman's life is threatened or if the fetal chromosomal abnormality
      (e.g. triploidy) or malformation is considered to be definitely incompatible with
      life. Such malformations would include bilateral renal agenesis, anencephaly,
      lethal forms of chondrodysplasia, holoprosencephaly, and severe pulmonary
      hypoplasia. Prostaglandin vaginal suppository therapy is the primary method for
      cervical dilation and induction of uterine contractions at most perinatal
      centres. This therapy is particularly useful when a fetal abnormality is
      suspected, since the fetus is usually delivered intact for gross and histological
      evaluation. Postmortem findings are helpful to the parents and other family
      members for future childbearing and family history. Disadvantages of such therapy
      include side-effects from the medication, prolonged labour discomfort, and
      delivery of a viable rather than stillborn infant. A surgical dilation and
      evacuation of the uterus may be undertaken between 12 and 20 weeks' gestation for
      women with prior uterine surgery, contraindication to prostaglandin use, no
      future childbearing being desired, and a fetus having a known lethal chromosomal
      abnormality (e.g. trisomy 13 or 18). This form of therapy is rapid, less painful,
      and fetal blood and tissue may be gathered for analysis although complete
      morphological examination of the fetus is not possible. Instillation of
      hypertonic saline or urea is no longer widely used for pregnancy termination,
      although intra-amniotic urea may be used adjunctively. Prolonged instillation-to
      evacuation times and potential metabolic concerns are limitations. This therapy
      may be particularly useful when a stillborn infant is desired or when prior
      prostaglandin therapy has been unsuccessful. Abdominal operations such as
      hysterectomy or hysterotomy are also unnecessary unless there is an accompanying
      gynaecological complication or unless other pregnancy termination methods have
      been unsuccessful or unavailable. Women experiencing mid-gestation pregnancy
      terminations undergo a grief process which involves disbelief, sadness, guilt,
      anger and acceptance before and after the pregnancy termination. This is common
      and understandable. Parental counselling is recommended both before the procedure
      and several weeks thereafter.

PMID- 3709016
TI  - The investigation of atypical psychosomatic illness. A team approach to
      diagnosis.
AB  - The experience of 12 children with atypical psychosomatic illness who presented
      considerable diagnostic difficulties is described. All patients were admitted to
      the hospital, and using a team approach, it was possible to make a confident
      diagnosis. No organic disease was identified, and a psychosomatic diagnosis was
      made. In general, atypical symptoms and signs, false-positive investigations, and
      differing medical opinion had compounded the diagnostic difficulties. The value
      of the observations made by ward staff of the childrens' symptoms and behavior is
      stressed.

PMID- 3709015
TI  - Trends in induced legal abortion morbidity and mortality.
AB  - Abortion mortality in the USA experienced an eight-fold decline between 1972 and
      1981, with the greatest decline occurring after 1975. The risk for all groups of
      women declined, but the decline was greater for some groups than for others. When
      both changing risk for a given characteristic and changing prevalence of that
      characteristic were examined, it appears that the declining mortality rates are
      largely due to a downward shift in the gestational ages at which abortions are
      obtained and the increased use of D&E for abortions at 12 gestational weeks or
      later. Although morbidity data analogous to the mortality data are not available,
      analysis of morbidity trends from three large multicentre prospective studies
      between 1970 and 1978 suggests that morbidity may not have declined quite as
      rapidly as mortality. The morbidity data, as well as giving information on cause
      specific abortion mortality in the USA, showing dramatic declines for such causes
      as infection and pulmonary embolus, suggest that improved medical management of
      complications has contributed to declining abortion mortality in the USA.

PMID- 3709017
TI  - Parent-infant support groups in a pediatric practice.

PMID- 3709018
TI  - Lack of cardiac effect from repeated doses of albuterol aerosol. A margin of
      safety.
AB  - To simulate the pattern of use by some patients at home, we studied the effect of
      frequently repeated inhalation of albuterol aerosol on cardiac rhythm. Fifteen
      stable outpatient asthmatic children, ages 9-14 years were treated with two puffs
      of albuterol aerosol (180 mcg) followed either by hourly placebo or hourly
      albuterol aerosol for 5 hours (10 puffs = 900 mcg) in a randomized, double-blind
      crossover study. Cardiac rhythm was Holter monitored and pulmonary function was
      tested hourly for 5 hours. Heart rate (HR) was analyzed at hourly intervals.
      Pretreatment heart rate of 95.4 bpm +/- 1.9 SEM declined by 0.4-3 (bpm) after
      single dose and declined by 2.2-5.6 (bpm) from 99.2 (bpm) +/- 2.3 SEM during
      multiple doses. No one developed arrhythmia, and side effects were infrequent on
      either day. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) increased similarly on
      both regimens. It remained stably elevated on the multiple doses, but it started
      to decline at 120 minutes after the single dose. Our study shows a substantial
      margin of safety in administration of albuterol aerosol to asthmatic children.

PMID- 3709019
TI  - Salivary gland disease in children: a review. Part 2: Congenital lesions and
      neoplastic disease.

PMID- 3709020
TI  - Evaluating oral health needs in preschool children.
AB  - Pediatricians and family physicians can play a significant role in the initiation
      of dental care for preschool children because they are seen more often by a
      physician than a dentist. The Committee on Standards for Child Health Care of the
      American Academy of Pediatrics recommends inspection of the mouth, teeth, and
      gums at every pediatric visit. This article describes the oral tissues in health
      and in disease as well as the role physicians can play in preventive dental care.

PMID- 3709021
TI  - Lethargy as a presenting symptom in patients with intussusception.
AB  - The author's experience with lethargy in pediatric patients with intussusception
      was reviewed retrospectively over a 10-year period and proved to be a symptom
      elicited on admission in half of the patients. The results indicate that lethargy
      is an important symptom in patients with intussusception when occurring in
      association with vomiting, melena, or a palpable abdominal mass, or all three.

PMID- 3709022
TI  - Leukocyte and neutrophil counts in healthy Puerto Rican children and children
      with acute appendicitis.
AB  - Blood counts were performed on 107 healthy Puerto Rican children aged 1 to 5
      years to establish normal ranges of leukocyte and neutrophil counts and were
      compared with preoperative counts in 30 Puerto Rican children with acute
      appendicitis and also with values published in healthy black and white children
      of the same age. In healthy Puerto Rican patients and in patients with acute
      appendicitis, the mean leukocyte and neutrophil counts were significantly higher
      than in blacks.

PMID- 3709023
TI  - Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva presenting as osteomyelitis-like syndrome.
AB  - An 8-year-old boy presenting with fever, neck pain, and torticollis was
      eventually diagnosed as having fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP). The
      initial bone scan was interpreted as being suggestive of vertebral osteomyelitis.
      Subsequent computerized tomographic studies (CT scan), however, demonstrated
      paravertebral soft-tissue calcification adjacent to, but not involving, intact
      cervical vertebrae. The acute process of FOP was thereby distinguished from that
      of osteomyelitis by use of CT scan.

PMID- 3709024
TI  - An evaluation of population pharmacokinetics in therapeutic trials. Part I.
      Comparison of methodologies.
AB  - NONMEM, a computer program that uses the method of extended least-squares
      analysis, has been advocated as a means of obtaining estimates of population
      pharmacokinetic parameters when only fragmentary information can be obtained from
      subjects. To assess the performance of this program, we compared NONMEM with
      traditional methods for the estimation of population pharmacokinetic parameters
      with data collected during a phase III clinical trial of alprazolam. NONMEM
      estimates of the population mean clearance and its coefficient of variation were
      identical to the estimates obtained with traditional pharmacokinetic techniques.
      Moreover, NONMEM estimates of these parameters remained stable even when a few as
      three data points were available per subject. NONMEM estimates of the mean volume
      of distribution and its coefficient of variation appear to be overestimated,
      apparently because of the sampling scheme used to generate data for the NONMEM
      analysis. Suggestions for the effective use of NONMEM in clinical trials, to
      maximize the benefits of this approach, are provided. Our results lend further
      support for the use of NONMEM to estimate population pharmacokinetic parameters
      of a drug from data generated during phase III clinical trials.

PMID- 3709025
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of (+/-)-, (+)-, and (-)-gossypol in humans and dogs.
AB  - Pharmacokinetic parameters of (+/-)-, (+)-, and (-)-gossypol were determined in
      humans and dogs after a single oral or intravenous dose. Mean (+/- SD) oral
      bioavailability of (+/-)-gossypol in dogs was 30.9% +/- 16.2%. Studies in dogs
      who received single intravenous injections revealed that the elimination t1/2 and
      volume of distribution of (+)-gossypol were five and six times those of (-)
      gossypol, respectively, whereas total body clearance and the AUC of the two
      enantiomers were similar. Data from men receiving the compounds orally show that
      the average peak plasma concentration and the AUC of (+)-gossypol are
      significantly greater than those of the (-)-isomer. The rate constants of alpha,
      beta, ka, k21, and k10 for (-)-gossypol are significantly greater than those for
      (+)-gossypol, indicating higher rates of mass transfer of the (-)-species. In
      humans the elimination t1/2 of (+)-gossypol was 29 times as that of (-)-gossypol,
      a difference that is more striking than that found in dogs. The elimination t1/2
      of (+/-)-gossypol in humans averages 286 +/- 179 hours.

PMID- 3709026
TI  - Effects of nicotine chewing gum on cigarette smoking and subjective and
      physiologic effects.
AB  - Our study was conducted to assess the effects of multiple doses of nicotine
      chewing gum on a variety of measures of cigarette smoking, affect, and
      physiologic response. Cigarette smokers resided on a research unit for the
      duration of the study, during which time their smoking behavior was measured
      during nine 12-hour test sessions. At the start of each session and every 2 hours
      thereafter, subjects received oral doses of nicotine (2 or 4 mg) or placebo in
      the form of a chewing gum (nicotine polacrilex). Each dose of active drug and
      placebo was given for three sessions in a randomized block sequence. Total number
      of puffs per day was significantly decreased at both the 2 and 4 mg doses when
      compared with placebo, and the total number of cigarettes smoked per day was
      significantly decreased at the 4 mg dose. There were dose-related changes in
      certain subjective effects: Self-reported ratings of dose strength were directly
      related to dose, desire to smoke tended to be inversely related to dose, and
      prominent measures of abuse liability did not change. The only cardiovascular
      measure that was significantly changed by nicotine dose was systolic blood
      pressure, which showed an attenuation of the diurnal pattern as the dose
      increased.

PMID- 3709027
TI  - Vancomycin elimination in patients with burn injury.
AB  - Patients with burns clinically appear to require considerably larger doses of
      vancomycin than normal to attain therapeutic serum concentrations. It has been
      presumed that this phenomenon is a result of increased renal elimination of this
      drug consequent to increased glomerular filtration rates in such patients, as has
      been documented with aminoglycoside antibiotics. We measured the serum clearance
      of vancomycin in 10 patients with burns and found this parameter to correlate
      closely with creatinine clearance (serum clearance = 12.5 + 0.695 creatinine
      clearance; r = 0.932; P less than 0.001). The slope of this relationship was
      similar to that reported by other investigators in patients not suffering from
      thermal injury. We conclude that at all levels of renal function, patients with
      burns clear vancomycin in a manner similar to that of other patients.
      Consequently, renal function can be used to select a dosing regimen for
      vancomycin in such patients.

PMID- 3709028
TI  - Kinetics, dynamics, and bioavailability of bumetanide in healthy subjects and
      patients with chronic renal failure.
AB  - Six patients with chronic renal failure (CRF group) and four healthy subjects (HS
      group) were given 5 mg oral and intravenous doses of bumetanide in a random,
      crossover design. The CRF group had significantly lower plasma and renal
      clearances, resulting in a five-to sixfold reduction in the fractional urinary
      excretion of the drug. The percent free drug in plasma for the CRF group was more
      than double that for the HS group, and significant correlations were observed for
      volume of distribution at steady state vs. percent free (r = 0.661; P less than
      0.05), nonrenal clearance vs. percent free (r = 0.796; P less than 0.01), and
      renal clearance vs. creatinine clearance (r = 0.995; P less than 0.001). Although
      bioavailability was relatively consistent among the HS (0.664 +/- 0.112) and CRF
      (0.689 +/- 0.149) groups, the absorption-time profiles were more irregular for
      both groups. Cumulative sodium excretion and overall efficiency of response to
      bumetanide did not differ significantly between the two routes of administration
      in either group.

PMID- 3709029
TI  - Polymorphic metabolism of mephenytoin in man: pharmacokinetic interaction with a
      co-regulated substrate, mephobarbital.
AB  - The simultaneous dosing of two drugs with co-regulated genetic polymorphisms
      determined by a single cytochrome P-450 isozyme could result in competitive
      inhibition of metabolism. We investigated this hypothesis in vivo by studying the
      interaction of mephobarbital and mephenytoin in eight normal subjects with wide
      variability in S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylation. Each received oral racemic
      mephenytoin (100 mg) alone and, on a separate occasion, 1 hour after oral racemic
      mephobarbital (200 mg). After mephenytoin dosing alone, the 8-hour urinary
      enantiomeric (R/S) ratio indicated one poor (PM), one intermediate (IM), and six
      extensive (EM) metabolizers. Total intrinsic clearance of S-mephenytoin varied
      more than 100-fold, whereas the range for R-mephenytoin was only twofold. The
      urinary R/S ratio correlated (r = 0.92) with the enantiomeric ratio of the plasma
      AUCs over the same period, indicating no stereoselectivity in renal clearance.
      When mephenytoin was taken in the presence of mephobarbital, peak levels and AUC
      of S-mephenytoin increased while those of the R-enantiomer remained unchanged.
      Accordingly, the R/S ratios in both plasma and urine were reduced, with the
      change rank order-related to the control value of the total intrinsic clearance
      of S-mephenytoin (i.e., greatest in the most extensive EM). Thus the urinary R/S
      ratio can be used as a measure of the enantiomeric ratio of the plasma
      concentrations over the same time period of collection. Moreover, this ratio may
      be used to detect drug interactions that involve the cytochrome P-450 isozyme(s)
      responsible for the polymorphic 4-hydroxylation of mephenytoin.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3709030
TI  - Effects of ketoconazole on methylprednisolone pharmacokinetics and cortisol
      secretion.
AB  - The disposition of methylprednisolone was examined in six normal subjects after
      the injection of 20 mg iv methylprednisolone sodium succinate. Disposition
      studies were performed both without and with ketoconazole, 200 mg/day, for 6
      days. Ketoconazole increased the methylprednisolone AUC and mean residence time
      (by 135% and 66%, respectively) and decreased clearance (60%), the terminal phase
      slope, and the volume of distribution. These findings are typical of macrolide
      antibiotic alteration of methylprednisolone disposition and consistent with
      reports of inhibition of drug metabolism by ketoconazole. Methylprednisolone
      reduced the 24-hour cortisol AUC by 44%, but morning cortisol concentrations
      returned to normal. Ketoconazole with methylprednisolone further reduced the 24
      hour cortisol AUC and suppressed morning cortisol concentrations. Thus
      ketoconazole inhibits methylprednisolone disposition and extends the adrenal
      suppression effects of this corticosteroid.

PMID- 3709031
TI  - Effects of chronic cetamolol therapy on resting, ambulatory, and exercise blood
      pressure and heart rate.
AB  - We studied blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) responses in 12 patients with
      hypertension who were receiving cetamolol, a cardioselective beta-blocker with
      intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. The BP and HR parameters were evaluated at
      rest (casual, office readings), with ambulatory BP monitoring, and after
      treadmill exercise testing. At a mean (+/- SD) dose of 46 +/- 21 mg/day, casual
      supine BP decreased by 10/12 mm Hg (P less than 0.05 for systolic; P less than
      0.01 for diastolic) compared with placebo, while HR decreased 4 bpm. Cetamolol
      resulted in a significant reduction in the mean 24-hour systolic BP. The most
      striking reduction occurred in the BP at work (23 mm Hg), with almost no decrease
      in the BP during sleep. Ambulatory HR reductions occurred while the subjects were
      at work (9 bpm; P less than 0.05) but not while at home (awake) or during sleep.
      The mean duration of exercise was the same during cetamolol and placebo phases,
      but both HR and BP fell significantly at peak performance after cetamolol. These
      data suggest that cetamolol reduces BP without lowering HR at rest. During
      periods of increased adrenergic activity such as work and dynamic exercise, both
      HR and BP are reduced.

PMID- 3709032
TI  - The pharmacokinetics of pentazocine and tripelennamine.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of single and combined doses of pentazocine HCl (40 and 80
      mg) and tripelennamine HCl (50 and 100 mg) were studied in six healthy drug
      abusers. After intramuscular administration of 40 or 80 mg pentazocine alone,
      mean peak plasma concentrations at 15 minutes were 102 and 227 ng/ml,
      respectively, and mean plasma t1/2 values were 4.6 and 5.3 hours, respectively.
      After intramuscular administration of 50 or 100 mg tripelennamine, mean plasma
      concentrations at 30 minutes were 105 and 194 ng/ml, respectively, and mean
      plasma t1/2 values were 2.9 and 4.4 hours, respectively. After concurrent
      administration of pentazocine with tripelennamine, plasma pentazocine and
      tripelennamine concentrations at all time points were not significantly different
      from those when pentazocine or tripelennamine was administered alone.
      Coadministration of pentazocine and tripelennamine had no effect on the
      distribution, elimination, and clearance of either pentazocine or tripelennamine.
      In conclusion, there did not appear to be a clinically significant metabolic
      interaction between pentazocine and tripelennamine.

PMID- 3709033
TI  - Role of alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, albumin, and nonesterified fatty acids in
      serum binding of apazone and warfarin.
AB  - Altered concentrations of serum proteins and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs)
      often accompany malignant diseases. Free fractions (fu) of apazone and warfarin
      were measured by equilibrium dialysis in serum samples obtained from 31 patients
      with cancer and 18 control subjects. Mean fu values of both drugs were
      significantly higher in the patient group. Multivariate analysis showed albumin,
      NEFA, and AAG for apazone and albumin, NEFA, and age for warfarin accounted for
      60% and 63%, respectively, of interpatient variation in bound/free drug
      concentration ratios in the group of patients with cancer. The interactions of
      apazone and warfarin with AAG were further characterized; the more avid site had
      association constants of 4.5 X 10(5) and 2.3 X 10(5) L/mol, respectively.
      Finally, it is strongly suggested that when hypoalbuminemia is present and a drug
      binds to AAG with an affinity constant comparable to or higher than that to
      albumin, then fu will become dependent on the concentration of AAG.

PMID- 3709034
TI  - Xylose disposition in humans as a function of age.
AB  - D-xylose disposition was examined in 24 healthy men between 32 and 85 years of
      age. Xylose was administered as a 5 gm iv infusion and as a 25 gm po solution.
      Serum xylose concentrations and urinary excretion of intact xylose were
      determined. There were statistically significant inverse relationships with age
      for each of the following parameters after intravenous infusion: elimination rate
      constant (r2 = 0.71); systemic clearance (r2 = 0.66); renal clearance (r2 =
      0.66); and nonrenal clearance (r2 = 0.35). Similar inverse relationships were
      found after oral dosing for the elimination rate constant (r2 = 0.69) and renal
      clearance (r2 = 0.54). There was no significant age relationship for the apparent
      volume of distribution or the steady-state volume of distribution. The percentage
      of the oral and intravenous dose recovered in urine up to 5 hours after dosing
      was significantly and inversely correlated with age. The implications of the
      latter finding are discussed with regard to the interpretation of the xylose
      tolerance test used to assess gastrointestinal absorptive capacity.

PMID- 3709035
TI  - Dietary modifications of low-density lipoprotein fatty acids in humans: their
      effect on low-density lipoprotein-fibroblast interactions.
AB  - The chemical composition and metabolism of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) in a
      population of Benedictine nuns were studied after 5-month periods during which
      the predominant dietary fats were sunflower oil, fluid of palm, peanut oil, milk
      fats, low erucic acid rapeseed (LEAR) oil, corn oil, olive oil, soybean oil. The
      population was divided into three groups. The control group (C) included 12
      subjects selected at random by taking 2 subjects per age pool among those with
      plasma cholesterol less than 230 mg/dl. Groups H1 and H2 were selected in the
      same way among those with plasma cholesterol less than 230 mg/dl. Groups H1 and
      H2 comprised 6 subjects and differed from each other in the amount of plasma
      cholesteryl esters, i.e., below and above the mean value of group C. Changes in
      LDL composition, according to the dietary fat, were associated with changes in
      LDL catabolism studied in fibroblast cultures, but no significant differences
      were found between the three groups.

PMID- 3709036
TI  - Effect of superoxide dismutase and catalase on myocardial energy metabolism
      during ischemia and reperfusion.
AB  - Survival of cardiac patients undergoing heart surgery depends critically upon the
      recovery of myocardial energy metabolism during reperfusion of ischemic
      myocardium. The present study compares various parameters of myocardial energy
      metabolism using an isolated in situ pig heart. The left anterior descending
      (LAD) coronary artery was occluded for 60 min, followed by 60 min of global
      hypothermic cardioplegic arrest and 60 min of reperfusion. Free radical
      scavengers [superoxide dismutase SOD and catalase] were used to protect the
      ischemic heart from reperfusion injury. In both control and SOD plus catalase
      treated groups, ATP, creatine phosphate (CP), ATP/ADP ratio, energy charge and
      phosphorylation potential dropped significantly during ischemic insult. After
      reperfusion, CP, ATP/ADP ratio and phosphorylation potential improved
      significantly, but they were restored to control level only in treated animals.
      In either case, free energy of ATP hydrolysis (delta G) lowered only by 5% during
      ischemia, but recovered promptly upon reperfusion. SOD and catalase also improved
      coronary blood flow and reduced creatine kinase release compared to those of
      untreated animals, suggesting improved myocardial recovery upon reperfusion. Our
      results suggest that SOD and catalase significantly improve the myocardial
      recovery during reperfusion by enhancing rephosphorylation steps, and the value
      of delta G is more critical compared to those of ATP and CP for myocardial
      recovery.

PMID- 3709037
TI  - Hypertension and a digoxin-like substance in the plasma of dialysis patients:
      possible marker for a natriuretic hormone.
AB  - Maintenance hemodialysis patients were randomly assigned to two groups based on
      the presence or absence of predialysis hypertension. Clinical profiles of the
      patients in the two groups were comparable except that there were more Blacks in
      the hypertensive group and that all the patients in this group received
      antihypertensive medications. Despite not taking any digitalis preparations, 10
      of 12 hypertensives had measurable digoxin-like immunoreactive substance (DLIS)
      in their plasma. None of the 11 normotensives had detectable DLIS. Significantly
      higher (p less than 0.03) systemic vascular resistance was noted in hypertensives
      with DLIS compared to normotensives and hypertensives without DLIS. We propose
      that DLIS itself may be or may represent a marker for some vasopressive
      substance, possibly natriuretic hormone.

PMID- 3709038
TI  - Estrogen and progestin receptors in human uterus: reference ranges of clinical
      conditions.
AB  - Estrogen receptor (ER) and progestin receptor (PR) levels and their respective
      dissociation constants (Kd) were determined by titration assay and Scatchard
      analyses in 319 human uteri. Levels of receptors were neither age nor uterine
      weight dependent. ER was higher in postmenopausal patients while PR levels were
      lower in women under 25 years of age. ER ranged from undetectable to 560 fmol/mg
      cytosol protein (mcp) while PR levels were generally 10-fold greater with a mean
      of 791 fmol/mcp. The mean of the Kd of ER was 4.0 X 10(-10) M while that for the
      PR was 9.2 X 10(-10) M. Receptor levels were not correlated with their respective
      Kd values nor with the Kd of the other receptor; therefore ligand affinities were
      not receptor concentration dependent. A population of patients was identified
      (12.5% of the total) in which the ER levels were undetectable while their
      corresponding PR ranged from 38 to 2,100 fmol/mcp. This suggests the existence of
      a type of PR which may not require ER for its expression and is independent of
      the phase of the cycle. Both ER and PR content were significantly elevated in the
      proliferative phase of the cycle. Evaluation of results as a function of
      histopathological features showed no relationship between the ER and PR of
      patients with anovulatory bleeding versus pathology. Uteri with leiomyomas
      contained ER and PR at levels comparable to those of histologically normal uteri.
      Adenomyosis patients tended to have lower ER and higher PR levels than the normal
      uteri. Reference ranges have been established for these receptors in uteri as a
      corollary to studies of these proteins in endometrial cancer.

PMID- 3709039
TI  - The management of severe brittle diabetes with "Infusaid" implantable pumps.
AB  - Two severely brittle diabetic patients were treated with "Infusaid" implantable
      insulin infusion pumps. Both were young females with recurrent ketoacidosis,
      prolonged or repeated hospital admissions, and subcutaneous insulin resistance.
      They also had psychological problems, and had seriously interfered with their
      treatment to induce glycaemic instability. Delivery of insulin from the pumps was
      intravenous (i.v.) in one patient, and intraperitoneal (i.p.) in the other.
      Following implantation, there was a marked improvement in glycosylated
      haemoglobin level (HbA1), fasting blood glucose (BG), daily insulin dose and
      hospitalizations. The beneficial effect has continued to date (9 months, and 12
      months follow-up) with no major problems.

PMID- 3709040
TI  - Improving diabetic control in adverse social conditions. A home blood glucose
      monitoring study in Soweto, South Africa.
AB  - In order to explore the feasibility of home blood glucose monitoring (HBGM) in
      Type 1 diabetics in developing countries, we introduced the technique to Type 1
      patients below the age of 30 yr attending the Diabetic Clinic serving Soweto in
      South Africa. Despite initial problems, HBGM with visually-read strips was
      applied to 45 of the 64 young Type 1 diabetics identified ("HBGM group"). The
      remaining 19 were continued on urine glucose monitoring only ("HUGM group"),
      usually because of attendance and compliance problems. After 4 months' follow-up,
      glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1) fell from 10.5 +/- 2.6% (mean +/- SD) to 9.0 +/-
      1.7 (p less than 0.001) in the HBGM group, but was unchanged (10.1 +/- 2.1 vs 9.9
      +/- 1.9, pn.s.) in HUGM patients. HBGM can thus be introduced in adverse social
      conditions, and may be associated with improved diabetic control. Costs, in terms
      of finance and medical time, were not excessive. Unfortunately, a significant
      minority were excluded by attendance and other problems, and analysis of diabetic
      complication rates (before the programme began) showed that these patients had
      significantly more complications than those deemed suitable for HBGM (42.1% vs
      15.5%, p less than 0.05).

PMID- 3709041
TI  - The effects of maternal diabetes and high sucrose diets on the intrauterine
      development of rat fetuses.
AB  - The effects of streptozotocin (STZ) diabetes, genetically-determined Cohen
      diabetes, and of high sucrose diets on the intrauterine development of rat
      fetuses have been studied. The average malformation rate in 9-17-day-old embryos
      of STZ-diabetic rats fed a 50% sucrose diet was 10.7% and in embryos of
      genetically-determined Cohen diabetic rats fed a 72% sucrose diet 13.1%. When
      diabetic rats were fed a regular diet, the malformation rate was reduced in STZ
      diabetic animals to 7% and in Cohen diabetic rats to 6.4%. The teratogenic
      effects of diabetes were more pronounced throughout the embryonic period (days 9
      13) than during the fetal period (days 15-17). In STZ-diabetic rats the
      malformation rate has been reduced from 18.3% during days 9-13 to 1.6% on days 15
      17 and in Cohen diabetic rats from 16.8 to 5.8%. The number of resorbed embryos
      was similar in both embryonic and fetal periods. The embryotoxic effects of
      diabetes in rats fed a regular diet were higher in Cohen diabetes than in STZ
      diabetes. The high sucrose diets alone have no significant embryotoxic or
      teratogenic effects, but they promoted the teratogenic manifestations of
      diabetes. The teratogenic effects of diabetes correlated with pathological
      changes in the visceral yolk sac endoderm.

PMID- 3709042
TI  - Autoantibodies to insulin as serum markers for autoimmune insulitis.

PMID- 3709043
TI  - The pathogenesis of the late side-effects of radiotherapy.

PMID- 3709044
TI  - A description of a low field resistive magnetic resonance imaging system and its
      application in imaging midline central nervous system pathology.
AB  - A commercial low field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system installed in the
      Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh at the end of 1983 has since been used for the
      clinical investigation of over 1000 patients. This system uses an interlaced
      saturation recovery and inversion recovery pulse sequence which yields four types
      of clinical image. AT1 weighted image has been found to be the most sensitive for
      the detection of pathology. Several examples of pathology with negative X-ray
      computed tomography examinations including three examples of a syrinx and two
      cases of tonsillar herniation have been demonstrated using this system. It is
      suggested that the system could provide a routine clinical service for imaging
      the central nervous system.

PMID- 3709045
TI  - High-resolution computed tomography in pituitary microadenoma: is seeing
      believing?
AB  - Controversy surrounds the reliability of high-resolution computed tomography (CT)
      in the identification of functioning microadenomas, especially in patients with
      hyperprolactinaemia and hypercortisolaemia. We studied 34 such patients: each
      underwent a high-resolution CT examination of the pituitary gland and each had a
      trans-sphenoidal exploration. Computed tomography showed 28 focal abnormalities
      but only 20 of these were confirmed to be due to a tumour at operation. In the
      other eight the tissue at the site of the radiological abnormality was normal
      histologically. In a total of 29 patients a tumour was found at operation and
      confirmed histologically; 20 were at the site of an abnormality shown by CT but
      in nine a tumour was found in a part of the gland judged to be normal
      radiologically. In general, good correlation between CT and the surgical findings
      was found only with tumours more than 6 mm in size. Of the indirect signs of a
      tumour, such as stalk deviation and a convex upper surface of the gland, only the
      former showed any correlation with the presence of a tumour. The results show
      that cautious, even sceptical interpretation of pituitary CT scans is essential
      and suggest that this investigation is not sufficiently reliable to be used as a
      routine in the assessment of hyperprolactinaemia or Cushing's syndrome. Computed
      tomography should be reserved for patients undergoing pituitary surgery, those
      with an enlarged fossa on plain radiography and those with extreme hormone
      hypersecretion.

PMID- 3709046
TI  - Fracture of the sella turcica: a report of three cases.
AB  - Fractures of the sella turcica are rare. Recognition of fractures in this area is
      very important as serious immediate and delayed neurological, endocrine and
      vascular complications may occur. Most of these patients will develop at least
      one cranial nerve palsy; a significant number will develop hypopituitarism and a
      few will develop local vascular abnormalities.

PMID- 3709047
TI  - The diagnosis of aortic root abscess by cross-sectional echocardiography.
AB  - Aortic root abscess is frequently a lethal complication of infective
      endocarditis. Early diagnosis of this complication is of paramount importance
      because antibiotic therapy is often ineffective and early surgery is probably the
      treatment of choice. We have compared the diagnostic accuracy of cross-sectional
      echocardiography with operative findings in the diagnosis of aortic root abscess.
      Aortic root abscess was diagnosed in nine of 129 patients with infective
      endocarditis at the National Heart Hospital between 1983 and 1985. Cross
      sectional echocardiography demonstrated the presence and location of the aortic
      root abscess in eight cases; in the ninth case a small abscess was missed. In two
      other cases, a large abscess was visualised, but abscesses of between 2 mm and 4
      mm were missed; the extent and size of large aortic abscesses tended to be
      underestimated. Echocardiography should be an integral part of the investigation
      of patients with aortic valve infective endocarditis.

PMID- 3709048
TI  - The extrathoracic airway in acromegaly.
AB  - Pulmonary function tests and a radiological assessment of the larynx and cervical
      trachea were performed in 26 patients with acromegaly. Pulmonary function tests
      demonstrated six out of 26 patients to have upper-airways obstruction, while
      laryngeal tomography demonstrated 14 cases with marked narrowing of the true and
      false cords. The tracheal dimensions were normal. The thickness of both the true
      and the false cords showed a statistically significant increase, using the Mann
      Whitney U-test, in both male and female patients compared with controls. The
      transverse tracheal diameter was significantly decreased in male but not female
      patients. These findings suggest that pulmonary function tests and radiological
      assessment are of value in indicating those patients with acromegaly who may be
      at increased risk when undergoing general anaesthesia.

PMID- 3709049
TI  - A radiological analysis of lateral ligament injuries of the ankle.
AB  - Patients who presented within 5 days of an inversion injury to the ankle joint,
      were clinically selected for early radiological investigation and diagnosis of
      rupture of the lateral ligament of the ankle. Stress tenography was performed in
      142 cases, and normal ranges for talar tilt and anterior draws were established
      in 216 normal ankles. In addition 38 cadaveric ankles were examined by peroneal
      tenography. No normal connection between the tendon sheath and the ankle joint
      was demonstrated. Sixty-five patients had positive peroneal tenograms; nine of
      these were positive only after manipulation. No complications occurred. Surgery
      was performed on 20 patients and demonstrated that common peroneal tenography was
      95% accurate in diagnosing rupture of the calcaneo-fibular ligament. Of the 19
      patients with proven calcaneo-fibular ligament rupture, six had a positive
      anterior draw sign, and nine had talar tilt. In this series both the talar tilt
      and anterior draw signs were found to be inaccurate. Common peroneal tenography
      is recommended as the method of choice for demonstrating acute rupture of the
      calcaneo-fibular component of the lateral ligament.

PMID- 3709050
TI  - Non-tuberculous psoas abscess.
AB  - Non-tuberculous psoas abscess is associated with a wide variety of conditions in
      addition to its well known association with infection in the lumbar spine.
      Computed tomography (CT) enables the diagnosis to be made at a relatively early
      stage when classical physical signs may be absent. Percutaneous drainage under CT
      control provides an alternative to formal surgical drainage in selected patients.

PMID- 3709052
TI  - Malignant epithelial tumours of the thymus: survival after radiotherapy.
AB  - This study describes 26 patients with histologically proven malignant epithelial
      thymic tumours seen at one radiotherapy centre between 1965 and 1980. Twenty
      three patients had mediastinal radiotherapy and the overall 5-year survival rate
      (corrected for intercurrent death) of this group was 35%. Those patients in which
      there was complete surgical removal of the tumour had a good prognosis. Where
      this was not achieved, the prognosis was poor.

PMID- 3709051
TI  - Conformation therapy: a method of improving the tumour treatment volume ratio.
AB  - Restriction of the volume irradiated is a fundamental tenet of radiotherapy.
      Conventional two-dimensional treatment results in geometrically shaped high-dose
      regions, the sizes of which are defined by the greatest dimensions of a tumour
      mass. Conformation therapy permits a tumour to be considered for treatment as
      multiple short segments, and the radiation field to be tailored to fit each
      segment accurately. This paper demonstrates that this results in a reduction of
      the treatment volume of between 10% and 80%, depending on the shape of the
      tumour. Also, it is shown that a greater proportion of the high-dose region is
      occupied by tumour, thus reducing the volume of normal tissue treated to a high
      dose. Smaller treatment volumes allow the prescription of tumoricidal doses and
      improve the tolerance of radiation by patients.

PMID- 3709053
TI  - Pleural effusion causing unmatched ventilation defects in ventilation and
      perfusion scanning.
AB  - In a survey of patients who had chest radiographs and ventilation and perfusion
      radionuclide scans, 20 patients had pleural thickening or effusion. Defects of
      ventilation unmatched with defects of perfusion occurred in 13 of the 20. This
      usually occurred if the fluid was freely mobile and was a result of the procedure
      adopted for imaging. Upon injection in the supine position, labelled albumin
      microspheres were trapped in the areas perfused at that time. Since, in this
      position, the effusion moved posteriorly, the bases of the lungs were better
      perfused than the dependent areas. On imaging in the erect position when the
      effusion was subpulmonary, the microspheres remained in the base but the
      ventilation was reduced, resulting in a mismatch in the basal regions. This
      appearance could be misinterpreted.

PMID- 3709054
TI  - Evaluation of the excretory urogram in adult enuresis.
AB  - Excretory urograms in 216 primary enuretic adult males aged between 18 and 20
      years were retrospectively evaluated. In no patient was there a finding
      considered relevant to the complaint. It is considered that, in the absence of
      urinary infection or other urological complaint in a patient with normal
      neurological status, excretory urography is a non-contributory examination in the
      investigation of adult male enuresis.

PMID- 3709056
TI  - Bilateral testicular plasmacytoma.
AB  - A case is reported of a 55-year-old man with asynchronous bilateral testicular
      plasmacytoma. Despite chemotherapy and radiotherapy he died seven and a half
      years after the original diagnosis of testicular plasmacytoma, and 13 months
      after developing evidence of disseminated myeloma. The testicular plasmacytomas
      may have arisen as a result of seeding from a systemic myelomatous process.

PMID- 3709055
TI  - Moyamoya disease: an unusual cause of cerebral infarction.
AB  - A South African Bantu patient presenting with recurrent strokes and a change in
      personality was found to have cerebral infarction due to moyamoya disease. The
      disease has a characteristic radiological pattern of narrowing or occlusion of
      the distal internal carotid arteries associated with a profuse vascular network
      at the base of the brain and in the basal ganglia: the moyamoya vessels. The
      clinical features and the collateral vascular pathways that may develop after
      cerebral vascular occlusion are discussed and the surgical options for increasing
      cerebral blood flow described. In this patient a development of the technique in
      which the superficial temporal artery is laid onto the brain without interruption
      of the donor vessel was used, with improvement in the clinical picture.

PMID- 3709057
TI  - Ion-exchange resin bezoar in a neonate.
AB  - A case of impacted ion-exchange resin causing intestinal obstruction associated
      with intraluminal calcification is described. This cause of bowel obstruction
      with intraluminal opacification has not previously been reported.

PMID- 3709058
TI  - Basic scientists in clinical departments of medical schools.

PMID- 3709059
TI  - The several faces of science.

PMID- 3709060
TI  - Report of the AFCR Public Policy Committee: current issues in public policy.

PMID- 3709061
TI  - AFCR position statement on federal support for extramural research and for
      research training.

PMID- 3709062
TI  - Influence of alveolar hypoxia on pulmonary vasomotor responses to almitrine in
      the dog.
AB  - Almitrine bismesylate (5-10 micrograms/kg) was given as an intravenous bolus to
      anaesthetized, paralysed dogs with closed-chest (n = 5) and with open-chest (n =
      7) in whom the retrocardiac lobe was separately ventilated. Pulmonary, lobar and
      systemic haemodynamics were measured under hypoxic, normoxic and hyperoxic
      conditions. Total pulmonary blood flow was measured by thermodilution and lobar
      flow by electromagnetic flow meter. In the closed-chest preparations, almitrine
      caused an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) at all levels of
      inspired oxygen, the increments being 82% (30% O2), 91% (air) and 9% (13% O2).
      The control PVR varied inversely with arterial PO2 but there was no significant
      interaction between the almitrine and hypoxia induced vasoconstriction with
      multiple linear regression analysis. In the open-chest preparations, PVR and
      lobar vascular resistance (LVR) increased after almitrine by 48% and 41%
      respectively when both lung and lobe inspired 30% O2. When the lobe was switched
      to 12.5% O2 or nitrogen (lung inspiring 30%) PVR again increased (+52%) after
      almitrine but LVR decreased in five of seven lobes (lobar flow increasing despite
      constant cardiac output), the overall change being -4%. Analysis of covariance
      showed that the lobar response to almitrine was significantly different under
      hypoxic conditions compared with hyperoxic (P less than 0.05). With ventilation
      maintained constant, there was no significant change in arterial PO2 after
      almitrine in any experimental condition. In conclusion, almitrine is generally a
      pulmonary vasoconstrictor but can dilate vessels when they are constricted by
      local hypoxia. Almitrine does not enhance local hypoxic vasoconstriction in the
      dog.

PMID- 3709063
TI  - Effects of mucosal removal on guinea-pig airway smooth muscle responsiveness.
AB  - The contractile response to histamine, acetylcholine (ACh), KCl or electrical
      field stimulation (EFS) was examined in paired tracheal rings (one of each being
      denuded by mucosal rubbing), which were mounted in muscle chambers filled with a
      continuously aerated physiological salt solution at 37 degrees C. Removal of the
      respiratory mucosa increased the sensitivity of airways muscle to ACh, histamine
      and EFS, but not to KCl. The hypersensitivity of denuded rings to histamine and
      EFS was greater than to ACh. Atropine reduced the histamine hypersensitivity
      observed. Pretreating intact preparations with indomethacin augmented their
      responsiveness to EFS, histamine and ACh. Indomethacin augmentation of histamine-
      and EFS-induced responses was greater in preparations without epithelium. We
      conclude that the airway mucosa may be associated with a factor that reduces
      airway smooth muscle responsiveness to stimulation.

PMID- 3709064
TI  - Effect of serum from patients with essential hypertension on sodium transport in
      normal leucocytes.
AB  - This study has confirmed that serum from patients with essential hypertension
      inhibits sodium transport and elevates intracellular sodium in normal human
      leucocytes in vitro when compared with that of well matched normotensive
      controls. The magnitude of this effect was positively correlated with the
      diastolic blood pressure of the hypertensive patient. The degree of sodium
      transport inhibition conferred by the hypertensive's serum was correlated with
      the abnormal sodium transport in the hypertensive's own leucocytes. These results
      confirm the presence of a serum inhibitor of sodium transport in essential
      hypertension. The relationship between the inhibitory effect and severity of
      hypertension argues that it may be of mechanistic importance.

PMID- 3709065
TI  - Tubular reabsorption rates for myoglobin in the isolated perfused rat kidney.
AB  - The renal handling of myoglobin has been studied in the isolated perfused rat
      kidney. Myoglobin was freely filtered. Reabsorption by the renal tubules showed
      saturation kinetics with a relatively low maximum rate of reabsorption (Tmax) of
      27-30 micrograms min-1 g-1 wet wt. at a perfusate concentration of 70-80
      micrograms/ml. Myoglobin reabsorption is therefore much less than that reported
      for immunoglobulin light chain or lysozyme in this model. Large increases in
      sodium and water excretion produced by omission of oncotic agent from the
      perfusate did not alter the kinetics of myoglobin reabsorption. The use of bovine
      serum albumin as oncotic agent in the perfusate prevented the tubular
      reabsorption of myoglobin. Small amounts of albumin are filtered by the isolated
      perfused kidney and it is postulated that this albumin interferes with tubular
      reabsorption of myoglobin.

PMID- 3709066
TI  - Assessment of the effect of nifedipine on myocardial ischaemia by using the ST
      segment/heart rate slope.
AB  - Nifedipine is used in patients with stable angina of effort and any resulting
      change in symptoms is attributed to several effects of nifedipine. However, there
      have been indications in such patients that one effect of nifedipine could be an
      increase in the severity of myocardial ischaemia, and the present report involves
      a trial the results of which could explain this effect. In the present trial, the
      effect of nifedipine on myocardial ischaemia was assessed by using the maximal
      ST/heart rate slope. This slope was used as an index of myocardial ischaemia
      because, in our hands in patients with angina, an increase or a decrease in the
      value of the slope respectively indicated an increase or a decrease in the
      severity of myocardial ischaemia as assessed by coronary arteriography. The
      maximal ST/heart rate slope was obtained at least twice in each of 23 patients
      with stable angina, with and without nifedipine; two patients were examined twice
      and three other patients were examined after an increased dose. Nifedipine
      resulted in an increase in the slope in 24 of the 28 comparisons, no change in
      three and a decrease in one comparison; there was a statistically significant (P
      less than 0.005; n = 28; paired t-test) increase in the maximal ST/heart rate
      slope. A further increase in the slope was obtained by increasing the dose of
      nifedipine in two out of three patients. The increase in the maximal ST/heart
      rate slope occurred in the absence of any effect of nifedipine on the initial
      level of ST segment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3709067
TI  - Cation transport abnormalities in vivo in untreated essential hypertension.
AB  - In order to study cation transport in vivo we have measured the changes in plasma
      and intra-erythrocytic rubidium concentrations after the oral administration of
      rubidium chloride. In this paper we describe our findings in 22 patients with
      untreated essential hypertension, compared with the findings in 22 carefully
      matched control subjects. Our findings in patients receiving short-term digoxin
      therapy and in patients with chronic renal failure are also included for
      comparison. Whereas the findings in patients receiving digoxin and in patients
      with chronic renal failure are compatible with a widespread reduction in sodium,
      potassium-ATPase activity in vivo, the findings in patients with untreated
      essential hypertension are not. Further analysis of the data and a similar study
      of the disposition of 42K after the intravenous administration of 42KCl suggest
      that in vivo net cation transport is enhanced in the erythrocytes of patients
      with untreated essential hypertension.

PMID- 3709068
TI  - The reproducibility of limb blood flow measurements in human volunteers at rest
      and after exercise by using mercury-in-Silastic strain gauge plethysmography
      under standardized conditions.
AB  - A study to assess the reproducibility of limb blood flow measurements by venous
      occlusion plethysmography using mercury-in-Silastic strain gauges was performed
      in six normal volunteers under standardized conditions. Using this technique
      forearm and calf blood flow were measured at rest and between 2 and 3 min after
      submaximal exercise on six separate occasions over a 1 month period. The mean
      coefficient of variation for resting forearm blood flow was 10.5% (range 7.8
      15.6%). The mean coefficient of variation for resting calf blood flow was 11.5%
      (range 7.4-14.2%). The mean coefficient of variation for post-exercise calf blood
      flow was 13% (range 11.5-16.4%). The results suggest that limb blood flow
      measurement by this technique may be useful in studies where serial measurements
      are required.

PMID- 3709069
TI  - Reappraisal of the 'lectin hypothesis' in the aetiopathogenesis of coeliac
      disease.
AB  - The agglutinating properties of a crude gluten digest, purified gliadin fractions
      and established plant lectins were investigated using mammalian erythrocytes, rat
      enterocytes and normal and coeliac human enterocytes as the target systems.
      Gliadin preparations failed to cause agglutination of any of the cells tested,
      whereas established pure plant lectins were active cell agglutinins. These
      studies indicate that gliadin peptides do not interact with intestinal cells in a
      polyvalent, lectin-like manner and as such cannot be regarded as true lectins.
      Mucosal damage in coeliac disease is unlikely therefore to be related to lectin
      like activity of gliadin.

PMID- 3709070
TI  - Sensory mechanisms in the upper respiratory tract affect the inhalation of
      cigarette smoke in man.
AB  - Cigarette puffing parameters (puff volume, puff duration, number of puffs, total
      smoking time) and inhaled smoke volume (by a radiotracer technique) have been
      measured in a group of 11 asymptomatic smokers, once after topical anaesthesia of
      the upper airways and once without anaesthesia. Topical anaesthesia significantly
      reduced the mean inhaled smoke volume per puff for the group from 41.1 ml to 30.6
      ml (P less than 0.05) and the total inhaled smoke volume from 575 ml to 528 ml (P
      = 0.05), but cigarette puffing parameters were unchanged. It is concluded that
      stimulation of upper airway sensory receptors, probably sensitive to nicotine,
      may be an important mechanism in determining the amount of cigarette smoke
      inhaled by smokers.

PMID- 3709071
TI  - Cytoplasmic free [Ca2+] is not increased in the platelets of deoxycorticosterone
      salt and spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - The cytoplasmic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in the platelets of
      spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY),
      deoxycorticosterone-salt hypertensive rats (DOC) and normotensive Sprague-Dawley
      rats (SD) was measured with the fluorescent dye, quin-2-tetra-acetoxymethyl
      ester. No significant difference in platelet [Ca2+]i was found between SHR and
      WKY or between DOC and SD rats. No correlations were found between systolic blood
      pressure and [Ca2+]i. These results suggest that the elevation of platelet
      [Ca2+]i does not necessarily accompany hypertension in rats.

PMID- 3709072
TI  - Effect of simple short term dietary control on urine electrolyte excretion in
      normal men.
AB  - Normal diet and a simple short term prescribed diet were compared with respect to
      mean excretion of urine electrolytes and the variability in these responses in 12
      healthy male subjects. Urine was collected from 7 to 15 h (overnight) and 15 to
      25 h (daytime) after the start of dietary control. Differences in mean responses
      were slight. For sodium and potassium excretion, however, there were tendencies
      for responses in subjects with high excretion on normal diet to decrease and for
      responses in those with low excretion on normal diet to increase towards the
      overall mean during the prescribed diet. The prescribed diet reduced markedly the
      variability in electrolyte responses and for log transformed data reductions in
      variability were statistically significant in the daytime urine collections. The
      results of this study have confirmed quantitatively the benefit of a short period
      of simple dietary control. The marked reduction in the variability of sodium and
      potassium excretion improves considerably the precision and sensitivity of
      studies of urine electrolyte composition.

PMID- 3709073
TI  - Effect of hypertension on the progress and prognosis of experimental focal
      glomerular sclerosis.
AB  - Effect of hypertension on progressive renal disease was examined in spontaneously
      hypertensive rats (SHR) with experimental focal glomerular sclerosis, produced by
      the intravenous administration of adriamycin (ADR). Serial changes of urinary
      protein, blood pressure and blood chemistry for 22 weeks after ADR-treatment, and
      renal histology at week 22, were compared between ADR-treated SHR (group ADR-HT)
      and ADR-treated SHR given antihypertensive drugs (group ADR-AH). Hypertension
      persisted in group ADR-HT, while blood pressure markedly decreased in group ADR
      AH, after oral administration of antihypertensive drugs (guanethidine and
      hydralazine). Massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminaemia and hypercholesterolaemia
      were observed throughout the experiment both in group ADR-HT and in group ADR-AH.
      Urinary protein levels were significantly larger in the former at weeks 12 and
      16. Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels increased progressively from
      week 16 in the ADR-treated rats. The increase was more rapid in group ADR-HT than
      in group ADR-AH. In group ADR-HT, 10 of 25 rats died between weeks 20 and 22,
      whereas all in group ADR-AH survived. Histologically, ADR-treated rats showed
      focal glomerular sclerosis with tubulointerstitial changes. The lesions were more
      extensive in group ADR-HT than in group ADR-AH. We conclude that hypertension
      influences the progress and prognosis of chronic progressive renal disease, as
      induced by adriamycin.

PMID- 3709074
TI  - The determination of oxalate in haemodialysate and plasma: a means to detect and
      study 'hyperoxaluria' in haemodialysed patients.
AB  - In order to find out whether hyperoxaluria can be demonstrated in patients on
      chronic (twice a week) haemodialysis, a group of 13 patients was investigated.
      These included one patient with proven primary hyperoxaluria, one suspected of
      having this disease and 11 patients in whom no information was available as to
      their oxalate metabolism. Oxalate concentrations in haemodialysate fractions and
      blood samples, taken before and after dialysis, were determined. The patient with
      primary hyperoxaluria had a plasma oxalate concentration before dialysis above
      100 mumol/l and after dialysis above 25 mumol/l, while the oxalate concentration
      in haemodialysate at the start of dialysis was above 25 mumol/l and at the end
      above 10 mumol/l. The patient suspected of hyperoxaluria had similar values. Of
      the remaining 11 patients, one was shown to exhibit a transient hyperoxaluria,
      but the others showed a normal oxalate metabolism. A plasma oxalate/creatinine
      concentration ratio exceeding 0.1, and the calculated total quantity of oxalate
      removed by dialysis exceeding 2 mmol, also enabled a diagnosis of hyperoxaluria
      to be made. Hyperoxaluria can still be demonstrated in patients, who because of
      renal failure are subjected to haemodialysis. Measurements of oxalate in
      haemodialysate and plasma are valuable in cases where kidney transplantations are
      considered, especially when the particular patient exhibits hyperoxaluria.

PMID- 3709075
TI  - Superoxide dismutase isoenzymes in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma from patients
      with neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses.
AB  - The neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses is a group of diseases characterized by a
      widespread accumulation in the body of pigments believed to be end-products of
      lipid-peroxidation damaged organelles. It was recently shown that cerebrospinal
      fluid from patients with infantile and juvenile neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis
      were less protective against superoxide radical-induced hydroxyl radical
      formation compared with controls. The content of superoxide dismutase isoenzymes
      in cerebrospinal fluid and in plasma from patients with different forms of
      neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis was analysed. No significant difference from
      controls could be demonstrated in samples from patients with juvenile neuronal
      ceroid-lipofuscinosis. The few samples from patients with infantile and late
      infantile neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis analysed all fell within the range
      defined by the controls.

PMID- 3709076
TI  - Effect of peptide chain length on amino acid and nitrogen absorption from two
      lactalbumin hydrolysates in the normal human jejunum.
AB  - A double lumen jejunal perfusion technique has been used in man to study the
      effect of peptide chain length on absorption of amino acid nitrogen from two
      partial enzymic hydrolysates of lactalbumin. Copper-chelation chromatography
      showed that one lactalbumin hydrolysate (LH2) contained 98% peptides with a chain
      length greater than 4, whilst the other (LH1) contained a more even spread of
      chain lengths with 55% less than 4. Absorption of total nitrogen and of 14 amino
      acid residues occurred to a significantly greater extent from the low molecular
      weight LH1 than from the higher molecular weight LH2. The results suggest that
      the pattern of nitrogen and amino acid absorption from partial enzymic
      hydrolysates of whole protein is markedly influenced by peptide chain length and
      that brush border peptide hydrolysis has an important rate limiting effect on
      absorption rates.

PMID- 3709077
TI  - Renal water excretion before and after remission of nephrotic syndrome:
      relationship between free water clearance and kidney function, arginine
      vasopressin, angiotensin II and aldosterone in plasma before and after oral water
      loading.
AB  - An oral water load of 20 ml/kg body wt. was given to eight patients with
      nephrotic syndrome before and after remission of the syndrome, and to 13 healthy
      control subjects. Urine volume (D), free water clearance (C water), plasma
      concentrations of arginine vasopressin (AVP), angiotensin II (ANG II) and
      aldosterone (Aldo), were determined before and three times during the first 4 h
      after loading. D and C water increased to a significantly lower level (P less
      than 0.01) after water loading in patients with nephrotic syndrome than in
      control subjects, but D and C water were normal after remission of the syndrome.
      The maximum increase in C water (delta C water max.) was 1.07 ml/min (median)
      before remission and 7.93 ml/min after, compared with 8.01 ml/min in the control
      group. Creatinine clearance (Ccr) increased significantly after remission (63
      ml/min to 88 ml/min, P less than 0.01), and the fractional excretion of sodium
      was enhanced. AVP was higher in the nephrotic syndrome both before (2.9 pmol/l)
      and after remission (2.9 pmol/l) compared with the control group (1.8 pmol/l).
      ANG II and Aldo did not change after remission and remained at the same level as
      in the control group. The elevation in delta C water max. after remission was
      accompanied by an increase in Ccr in all patients and delta C water max. and Ccr
      were significantly correlated (rho = 0.600, n = 16, P less than 0.05). No
      relationship was found between the change in delta C water max. and ANG II and
      Aldo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3709078
TI  - Rheumatoid arthritis: diagnosis and management.

PMID- 3709079
TI  - Seizures associated with phenytoin toxicity.

PMID- 3709080
TI  - Correlation of pharmacokinetic indices with therapeutic outcome in patients
      receiving aminoglycosides.
AB  - The influence of five pharmacokinetic indices on therapeutic response was
      retrospectively studied in 45 adult patients treated with aminoglycosides for
      bacterial infections. Subjects were treated for a minimum of five days, had
      culture and sensitivity reports, and had at least one set of steady-state peak
      and trough serum aminoglycoside concentrations. Serum drug concentrations were
      determined by enzyme-multiplied immunoassay or by fluorescence polarization
      assay. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for the drugs were determined by
      microdilution assays. Cure was determined by negative cultures or absence of
      clinical evidence of infection. Values for five pharmacokinetic indices were
      determined for each patient: ratio of steady-state peak serum concentration to
      MIC (Cssmax/MIC); time that the serum concentration remained above the MIC during
      a 72-hour period (tsupra-MIC(72)); the intensity index for a 72-hour period
      (II(72)), which is related but not identical to the area under the curve (AUC),
      reflecting the contributions of Cssmax/MIC and tsupra-MIC(72); time that the
      serum concentration was greater than four times the MIC during a 72-hour period
      (tsupra-(4 X MIC)(72)), and the intensity index related but not identical to AUC
      greater than four times the MIC (II4 X MIC(72)), which reflects the contribution
      of Cssmax/(4 X MIC) and tsupra-(4 X MIC)(72). Statistical analysis revealed
      significant correlations between each of the five indices and the patients'
      therapeutic responses. The following index values were associated with cures:
      Cssmax/MIC greater than 4 (and ideally greater than 8); tsupra-MIC(72) of at
      least 40 hours; tsupra-(4 X MIC)(72) of at least 10 hours; (4) II(72) greater
      than 400; and II4 X MIC(72) greater than 50. All five pharmacokinetic indices
      were good predictors of patient outcome. The ratio of maximum steady-state serum
      aminoglycoside concentration to minimum inhibitory concentration is the index
      most easily monitored and interpreted.

PMID- 3709081
TI  - Applying decision analysis in therapeutic drug monitoring: using decision trees
      to interpret serum theophylline concentrations.
AB  - In the second of a three-part series, decision analysis is applied to therapeutic
      drug monitoring decisions that affect individual patients, using theophylline
      concentration and toxicity data to illustrate general concepts. Likelihood ratios
      and conditional probability curves were developed. The curves were used to
      determine the probability of toxicity based on the clinician's assessment of
      patient status and a measured serum theophylline concentration. A decision tree
      to "rule in" or "rule out" toxicity was constructed. Selection of a serum
      concentration cutoff level for classifying patients as toxic or nontoxic depends
      on the probabilities of the possible outcomes of the decision process and the
      clinician's assessment of the value of each possible outcome; therefore, no
      single concentration value is best for classifying patients. A decision tree was
      also constructed for evaluating therapeutic options when the clinician is
      confronted with adverse effects that may be drug related. In three prototype
      cases, the expected utility for discontinuing theophylline, continuing the drug
      at the same dosage, or lowering the dosage was determined and used to evaluate
      the relative worth of each therapeutic option. A more comprehensive
      interpretation of the serum theophylline concentration is provided by decision
      analysis techniques than by observation of pharmacologic effect alone, because
      other factors such as merit, risk, and consequences of alternative decisions are
      considered.

PMID- 3709082
TI  - Chronic salicylism in a patient with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - A patient who developed chronic salicylism associated with salicylate therapy for
      treatment of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is described, and the clinical
      presentation and treatment of chronic salicylism are reviewed. A 5 1/2-year-old
      boy was receiving aspirin 150/mg/kg/day for treatment of juvenile rheumatoid
      arthritis. While on salicylate therapy, the patient developed tachypnea and
      became increasingly hyperthermic, lethargic, and disoriented. The patient
      developed a maculopapular rash, weakness, and a decreased level of consciousness
      during the 11 days before admission to the hospital. Physical examination and
      laboratory determinations revealed that the patient had hypoprothrombinemia,
      hypoglycemia, and severe hepatic encephalopathy secondary to long-term salicylate
      toxicity. The patient was treated for hypoglycemia, electrolyte imbalances,
      thrombocytopenia, and anemia and was discharged after 24 days. Diagnosing chronic
      salicylism with hepatic dysfunction was difficult because the symptoms are
      similar to those of stage I to stage II Reye's syndrome. Liver enzymes, including
      aspartate aminotransferase (also called SGOT), alanine aminotransferase (also
      called SGPT), alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase, may be elevated in
      juvenile arthritis patients with hepatic dysfunction. Liver dysfunction usually
      improves when salicylate therapy is discontinued. Supportive therapy should
      always be used in symptomatic patients. Children on long-term, high-dose
      salicylate therapy should be monitored closely, and baseline liver function tests
      should be performed. The clinical effectiveness of administering sodium
      bicarbonate in attempts to alkalinize urine and increase salicylate elimination
      is controversial. In patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis who develop
      chronic salicylism, careful analysis of the patient's medication history,
      laboratory values, and clinical presentation are necessary to rule out Reye's
      syndrome.

PMID- 3709083
TI  - Metoclopramide-induced fever.

PMID- 3709084
TI  - [Piperacillin in infections of the urinary tract. Comparison with cefuroxime].

PMID- 3709085
TI  - [Allergic reactions to drugs. Clinical, epidemiologic and laboratory evaluation].

PMID- 3709086
TI  - [Drug therapy possibilities in non-complicated hemorrhoid disease].

PMID- 3709087
TI  - [Balneotherapy activities at various thermal spas in Lazio].

PMID- 3709088
TI  - Referring as a collaborative process.

PMID- 3709089
TI  - Children's conceptions of meaning-message relationships.

PMID- 3709090
TI  - Early developments in children's spatial monitoring.

PMID- 3709091
TI  - Flashbulb memories: a nicer interpretation of a Neisser recollection.

PMID- 3709092
TI  - Word recognition: context effects without priming.

PMID- 3709093
TI  - Quantitative microbiology of pressure sores in different stages of healing.
AB  - The quantitative microbiology of 25 pressure sores in different stages of healing
      was examined in 25 patients with spinal cord injury. When grossly necrotic tissue
      was present (stage 1), 5.8 isolates per patient with a density of 6.4 log10/g was
      recovered, with comparable findings for aerobes and anaerobes. In the absence of
      necrotic tissue but with the presence of undermining (stage 2), 1.5 aerobic and
      0.2 anaerobic isolates were recovered per patient with a mean density of 2.7 and
      0.1 log10/g of tissue for aerobic and anaerobic isolates, respectively. The
      lesions were almost sterile in patients with no necrotic tissue and no
      undermining (stage 3). Foul smell was always associated with the presence of
      anaerobes in deep tissue cultures, however, six patients with nonfoul-smelling
      lesions yielded anaerobes. A 75% quantitative concordance was seen between swab
      and biopsy culture results. The quantitative concordance between peripheral and
      central biopsy culture results was 63%, showing variability in results from
      different sampling areas. No relationship was observed between the density of
      microorganisms and the eventual outcome of the myocutaneous flap procedure.

PMID- 3709094
TI  - Microtiter latex agglutination--quantitative and qualitative equivalent to
      hemagglutination inhibition for detection of rubella antibody.
AB  - Sera were tested for rubella antibody by a standard hemagglutination inhibition
      method and by latex agglutination in microtiter plates (Virogen Rubella Micro
      Test). When 157 sera were examined by hemagglutination inhibition and by
      microtiter latex agglutination for immune status, 149 of the results agreed. The
      eight discrepant sera (all hemagglutination inhibition-negative, latex
      agglutination-positive) were tested by a card latex agglutination method
      (Rubascan) and a passive hemagglutination method (Rubacell). Results, except
      where noted, agreed with those of the microtiter latex agglutination. One hundred
      forty-eight of the 149 sera that were in agreement as to immune status were also
      within a fourfold variation when hemagglutination inhibition and latex
      agglutination titers were compared. An additional 100 sera were tested for immune
      status by microtiter latex agglutination and by passive hemagglutination with the
      single discrepant result agreeing with the latex agglutination when tested by a
      third method. Both microtiter latex agglutination and hemagglutination inhibition
      agreed in detection of fourfold or greater rises in each of 20 paired sera.

PMID- 3709095
TI  - Use of carbohydrate and nitrate assimilations in the identification of
      dematiaceous fungi.
AB  - A total of 61 isolates of dematiaceous fungi, including Exophiala jeanselmei,
      Wangiella dermatitidis, Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Phialophora verrucosa, and a few
      isolates of related organisms were evaluated for their ability to assimilate 13
      carbohydrates and sodium nitrate. Results indicated that patterns of
      assimilations can facilitate specific identifications when used with microscopic
      morphologic features. Eleven isolates of W. dermatitidis demonstrated negative
      results for nitrate assimilation, although most of the other fungi tested had
      positive reactions. The tests did aid in separating this very complex group of
      fungi.

PMID- 3709096
TI  - Vertebral osteomyelitis secondary to Streptococcus pneumoniae: a pathophysiologic
      understanding.
AB  - Osteomyelitis secondary to Streptococcus pneumoniae in any location is rare. We
      present herein a patient with pneumococcal vertebral body osteomyelitis following
      prior trauma to the same region. Trauma is an important predisposing factor in
      the pathogenesis of vertebral osteomyelitis.

PMID- 3709097
TI  - Manifestations of Kingella kingae infections in adults: resemblance to neisserial
      infections.
AB  - Kingella kingae is a rare human pathogen. Most reported infections are in
      children and involve endocardium, vascular space, and skeletal tissues. We report
      herein two cases of K. kingae infection recently seen in adults. Kingella kingae
      caused acute meningitis in a patient with sickle cell anemia and in the second
      patient with alcoholic liver disease, sepsis with a petechial rash. The clinical
      presentation due to K. kingae closely resembled that caused by related Neisseria
      genus.

PMID- 3709098
TI  - Evaluation of the AnIdent system for the identification of anaerobic bacteria.
AB  - AnIdent is a new 4-hr system for the identification of anaerobic bacteria that
      depends upon detection of a unique set of preformed enzymes. A single AnIdent
      test speciated 76% of 333 anaerobes (89% agreement with a conventional system
      used at the Mayo Anaerobe Laboratory) without any repeat or supplemental testing
      (level 1). Additional testing increased the identification rate to 93% (level 2).
      We conclude that AnIdent is a reliable method for identifying clinically
      significant anaerobes which only occasionally requires the use of a small number
      of simple supplemental tests and avoids the necessity for performing gas-liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 3709099
TI  - Cutaneous necrotizing angiitis.

PMID- 3709100
TI  - The dysplastic nevus syndrome.

PMID- 3709101
TI  - An overview of dermatologic surgery.

PMID- 3709102
TI  - Exposure to sunlight: effects on the skin.

PMID- 3709103
TI  - Toxic epidermal necrolysis.
AB  - Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a symptom complex characterized by a
      devastating skin disorder, erosive involvement of two or more mucous membranes,
      and severe constitutional symptoms. The disorder shares features with erythema
      multiforme and is thought to be an expression of the syndrome. Although a wide
      range of etiologic factors have been incriminated in TEN, only a few cases have
      provided convincing evidence of a direct causal link. Most cases of TEN have been
      associated with drug administration.

PMID- 3709104
TI  - Cutaneous signs of gastrointestinal disease.
AB  - This article has summarized associations of gastrointestinal disorders with
      cutaneous findings. An understanding of the cutaneous manifestations of
      gastrointestinal disease can raise the clinician's index of suspicion and provide
      clues to the successful diagnosis of internal disease.

PMID- 3709105
TI  - Urticaria: evaluation and treatment.

PMID- 3709106
TI  - Modality and suffix effects in memory for melodic and harmonic musical materials.

PMID- 3709107
TI  - Linear separability and concept learning: context, relational properties, and
      concept naturalness.

PMID- 3709108
TI  - The psychometrics of everyday life.

PMID- 3709109
TI  - A comparative study of atrial and ventricular myosin light subunits from
      different species.
AB  - Comparison of atrial and ventricular myosin light chains was performed using
      peptide mapping of electrophoretically purified proteins. In birds atrial and
      ventricular myosin light chain composition was identical. In mammals atrial and
      ventricular myosin light chains are different and species specific.

PMID- 3709110
TI  - High mobility group proteins in skeletal muscle of pre- and postsmolt salmon
      (Salmo salar).
AB  - HMG proteins were extracted from whole skeletal muscle of pre- and postsmolt
      salmon (Salmo salar). The proteins were identified by SDS and acid-urea
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Semi-quantitative analysis revealed an
      increase in the ratio of HMG H6 to F protein and of HMG T to HMG H6 protein in
      the postsmolt as compared with the presmolt stage of the salmon. The results
      demonstrate a change in relative amounts of skeletal muscle HMG proteins which
      was dependent on the developmental stage of the fish.

PMID- 3709112
TI  - Multiple molecular forms of soluble esterases in the digestive system of the
      developing chicken.
AB  - Soluble esterases in tissues of endodermic origin and of various developmental
      ages of Gallus gallus were analysed by polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis
      and characterized as carboxylesterases, acetylesterases and cholinesterases.
      Esterase bands were observed from day 9 in the liver and from day 6 in stomach,
      intestine and yolk sac. The electrophoretic profiles became more complex after
      hatching with concomitant increase in the staining intensity. On isoelectric
      focusing of liver extracts only a major form with pI 5.4 was observed. An eserine
      sensitive band designated EL-1 was found to be tissue (liver) and age (upon
      hatching) specific. EL-1-like isozymes were also observed in other species of the
      Galliformes order.

PMID- 3709111
TI  - Effects of pure and auto-oxidized forms of cholesterol on plasma, liver lipids
      and hepatic lipogenesis in chicks.
AB  - Pure cholesterol (PC), oxidized cholesterol (OC) and cholestane-3 beta,5 alpha,6
      beta-triol (CT) were fed to male Hubbard chicks for 3 weeks in a basal grain
      diet. Feed consumption and weight gain of chicks fed OC (1.0%) or CT (0.1%) were
      not significantly different from that of chicks fed PC (0.85%) or the basal diet
      alone. Plasma cholesterol level was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in
      chicks fed PC compared to controls; however, compared to other dietary groups,
      differences were not significant. Measurement of hepatic lipogenesis, in vivo,
      from labeled substrates showed that [14C]acetate was primarily utilized for fatty
      acid synthesis in all dietary groups. The relative order was PC greater than PC +
      CT greater than OC greater than CT greater than basal. Conversely, [3H]mevalonate
      was preferentially used for cholesterogenesis and the relative effectiveness was
      basal greater than CT greater than OC greater than PC + CT greater than PC.

PMID- 3709113
TI  - A reinvestigation of hemoglobin alterations in ground squirrels while in various
      hibernation activity states.
AB  - Characterization of the hemoglobins of winter-hibernating, winter-active and
      summer-active Arctic ground squirrels (Citellus undulatus) by citrate agar
      electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing (IEF), pH 5.5-8.5, showed no differences
      in hemoglobin electrophoretic patterns. Previous studies showing alterations in
      hemoglobins were most likely the result of artifacts due to the use of whole
      blood. The Arctic ground squirrel's hemoglobin amino terminal sequence was
      determined for each activity state and was identical in all cases.

PMID- 3709114
TI  - Purification of pyruvate kinase isoenzymes type M1 and M2 from dog (Canis
      familiaris) and comparison of their properties with those from chicken and rat.
AB  - Pyruvate kinase isoenzymes type M1 and M2 from dog muscle, lung and tumor have
      been isolated. The K0.5 for phosphoenol pyruvate have been determined to be 0.04
      mM for dog muscle type M1, 0.24 mM for lung type M2 and 0.28 mM for tumor type M2
      isoenzymes. The activator constant ka of L-serine is 240 nM from lung and 70 nM
      from tumor isoenzyme. Consistent with the assumption of a special form of
      pyruvate kinase M2 in dog tumor cells different isoelectric points and amino acid
      compositions have been found for the isoenzymes of lung and tumor.

PMID- 3709115
TI  - The glutathione S-transferase activity in the pyloric caeca of rainbow trout,
      Salmo gairdneri.
AB  - Pyloric caeca of trout contain 1.9 mmol GSH/kg tissue. Cytosolic glutathione S
      transferase activity with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as substrate is 0.06
      mmol/min/g protein. Cholate (3.3 mM) inhibits cytosolic transferase activity by
      55% at pH 6.6 and by 4% at pH 7.4. The transferases do not bind 8-anilino-1
      naphthalene sulphonate at pH 7.4. The cytosolic transferases are inactivated
      progressively by 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, 50% of their activity being lost in
      5.0 min. A minority of the activity does not bind to a glutathione-affinity
      matrix. At pH 6.6 its apparent Michaelis constants for GSH and 1-chloro-2,4
      dinitrobenzene are 0.88 and 9.1 mM respectively. The rest of the activity is
      eluted from the affinity matrix as a single peak. Its apparent Michaelis
      constants for GSH and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene are 0.33 and 2.9 mM
      respectively. Its subunit Mr is 22.4 kDa.

PMID- 3709116
TI  - Glutathione in the red blood cells of embryonic mice.
AB  - A micro-method for the determination of red blood cell glutathione levels has
      been developed. It has been shown that, in order to obtain true values of
      glutathione concentrations within red blood cells, it is necessary to correct for
      loss of labelled glutathione and also to take account of the time taken to
      complete the analytical procedure. Glutathione is the major small molecular
      weight thiol present in embryonic red blood cells. The glutathione to haemoglobin
      ratio is maintained at 0.6 from 13 days gestation to adulthood in the mouse.
      Decay of glutathione in both adult and embryonic red blood cells can be avoided
      by incubation of the red blood cells in glucose containing buffers.

PMID- 3709117
TI  - Properties and function of mitochondrial malate enzyme from bass liver.
AB  - Malate enzyme (L-malate: NADP+ oxidoreductase oxaloacetate decarboxylating, EC
      1.1.1.40) from bass liver mitochondria was purified to over 90% of homogeneity by
      gel filtration, affinity and ion exchange chromatographies. The apparent
      molecular weight estimated by gel filtration was 316,000. Analysis of the enzyme
      on sodium dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis was shown to be
      a tetramere protein. The enzyme required bivalent cations for catalysis, (Mn2+ or
      Mg2+) and displayed a narrow pH optimum (8.4-8.6 for Tris-HCl buffer) and was
      inactivated by p-chloromercuribenzoate. The double reciprocal initial velocity
      plots of both of the substrates, NADP and malate, were linear and intercepting at
      a point that suggests a sequential mechanism. Product inhibition studies with
      NADP and malate as variable substrate are consistent with an ordered Bi-Ter
      mechanism.

PMID- 3709118
TI  - Identification of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase in bovine adrenal
      medulla.
AB  - The adrenal medulla contains an enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of 2',3'
      cAMP to 2'-AMP. For the parameters which have been examined, the adrenal medulla
      2',3'-cAMP phosphodiesterase appears to be similar to brain 2',3'-cyclic
      nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (also commonly referred to as CNPase). The
      apparent Km of the adrenal medulla CNPase for 2',3'-cAMP is 0.88 mM. The enzyme
      activity is unaltered by either EDTA, MgCl2 or CaCl2 in the presence or absence
      of calmodulin. The apparent molecular weight is 102,500 daltons. The function of
      the enzyme in either the brain or the adrenal medulla is, at the present time,
      unknown.

PMID- 3709119
TI  - Applications of clustering theory to cancer mortality data.
AB  - A clustering problem is one which requires the partitioning of a finite set of
      objects into subsets so as to optimize a given objective function. The present
      paper applies such techniques to a well-known set of data on U.S. cancer
      mortality over the years 1950 to 1967. Two varieties of clustering solutions are
      obtained: first, states of the United States are clustered according to
      similarities in their patterns of cancer mortality; then, tumor types are
      clustered according to mortality similarities over the set of all states. In
      both, a number of clustering experiments are conducted and these involve the
      application of a variety of metrics to the raw data, as well as both heuristic
      and exact solutions of the mathematical problems. The results are displayed
      graphically, discussed, and in the case of cancer clusters, compared to observed
      clinical associations.

PMID- 3709120
TI  - Compartment model approaches for estimating the parameters of a chronic disease
      process under changing risk factor exposures.
AB  - Compartment model approaches have been proposed for the analysis of the age
      incidence of specific types of cancer. These models represented the age increases
      in incidence as the result of a compound hazard function where individual level
      risks were described by the Weibull hazard function and where the population
      level hazard rate is a continuous mixture of the Weibull hazards. These
      formulations assumed that the mixing function, which described differences in
      risk due to different exposure histories, was constant after the age at which the
      model was first applied. In this paper we show how the mixing distribution can be
      allowed to change with time reflecting changing exposures. The model is fitted to
      U.S. lung cancer mortality data where for recent male cohorts there appear to be
      changing patterns of exposure possibly related to recent declines in male
      smoking. The implications for future lung cancer mortality trends in the United
      States are discussed.

PMID- 3709121
TI  - An improved method for on-line averaging and detecting of ECG waveforms.
AB  - The most widely used methods for accurate signal averaging were studied and
      compared in order to gain a better understanding of the qualities and
      performances of each method. The level-triggering, contour-limiting, and
      correlation methods were simulated and compared. A new correlation method which
      is a weighted correlation of differences proved to be most suitable for real-time
      signal averaging, and detection of waveforms' variations. Simulated ECG waveforms
      and real ECG recordings were analyzed in this study. Twenty-eight ECG recordings
      of unipolar leads for noninvasive detection of the His-Purkinje activity were
      averaged separately by each method. The success in detection and the signal to
      noise ratio of the detected His activity obtained by each method was compared.
      Simulated ECG waveforms with random noise added were analyzed by four methods and
      the correct alignment as a function of the noise level was measured. The
      performance of our method in rejection of noisy waveforms and in detection of
      small variations in the waveforms is demonstrated.

PMID- 3709122
TI  - Probabilistic sensitivity analysis methods for general decision models.
AB  - Probabilistic sensitivity analysis has previously been described for the special
      case of dichotomous decision trees. We now generalize these techniques for a
      wider range of decision problems. These methods of sensitivity analysis allow the
      analyst to evaluate the impact of the multivariate uncertainty in the data used
      in the decision model and to gain insight into the probabilistic contribution of
      each of the variables to the decision outcome. The techniques are illustrated
      using Monte Carlo simulation on a trichotomous decision tree. Application of
      these powerful tools permits the decision analyst to investigate the structure
      and limitations of more complex decision problems with inherent uncertainties in
      the data upon which the decisions are based. Probabilistic sensitivity measures
      can provide guidance into the allocation of resources to resolve uncertainty
      about critical components of medical decisions.

PMID- 3709123
TI  - Frequency and time domain analysis of airflow breath patterns in patients with
      chronic obstructive airway disease.
AB  - Airflow patterns from patients with chronic obstructive airway diseases (COAD)
      and normal subjects were analyzed using time and frequency domain analysis. Data
      were recorded during tidal breathing with a pause between the breaths, digitized
      at 320 samples per second (10-bit resolution), and processed with a CDC 6600
      computer. The appearance of high-frequency components (10-20 Hz) in the time
      domain waveform and the spectral curve in the power spectrum were studied. One
      complete waveform was taken as a reference signal and all subsequent waves were
      analyzed using the cross-correlation function which was employed via the cross
      spectrum and the fast Fourier transform algorithm. The energy content from the
      averaged spectrum and the root mean square (RMS) value from the filtered
      waveforms were calculated. Our study indicated that the RMS and the power content
      estimated from a part of the filtered wave (10-20 Hz) which included the time
      interval from the peak of the expiratory flow (tE) to the end of the flow curve
      (tN) were significantly greater in normal subjects (n = 13; 0.86 +/- 0.30 X 10(
      2) I/s; P less than 0.00005 for RMS value, and 0.76 +/- 0.32 I/s; P less than
      0.00005 for the power content) than in patients with chronic airways obstruction
      (n = 19; 0.40 +/- 0.13 X 10(-2) I/s; for RMS value and 0.35 +/- 0.16 I/s; for the
      power content). It is concluded that the RMS and the power values of the filtered
      flow curve during tidal breathing over the time interval tE-tN can detect chronic
      airway obstruction.

PMID- 3709124
TI  - Intraluminal mass of the left pulmonary artery.
AB  - Intravenous digital subtraction angiography demonstrated a polypoid
      carcinosarcoma invading the left main pulmonary artery, The angiographic criteria
      of inoperability of patients with central pulmonary tumors are discussed.

PMID- 3709125
TI  - Intradural herniation of thoracic disc: CT metrizamide myelography.
AB  - A case of intradural herniation of a thoracic (T12-L1) intervertebral disc is
      reported. On metrizamide myelography, this lesion resembled an intradural
      extramedullary tumor with an extradural component. A computed tomographic (CT)
      scan taken immediately after the myelogram, showed gas in the spinal canal and in
      the intervertebral disc. In addition, it showed a high-density mass located in
      the ventral epidural space and also intradurally. The density of this soft-tissue
      mass was identical to that of the intervertebral disc. CT provided very important
      information regarding the precise location and probable etiology of the lesion,
      and the success of surgery.

PMID- 3709126
TI  - Computerized tomography in conditions concomitantly involving the orbits and the
      paranasal sinuses.
AB  - Forty-three patients with computerized tomographic (CT) findings demonstrating
      concomitant orbital and paranasal sinus involvement are presented. Exophthalmos
      was the most common presenting symptom. Ethmoid and maxillary sinuses were most
      commonly affected. CT findings were of help in evaluating the extent of the
      various disease processes and are mandatory for treatment planning. Attention is
      drawn to the common association of paranasal lesion and ophthalmic
      manifestations. The combination of clinical presentation and radiological
      findings might indicate certain etiologies.

PMID- 3709127
TI  - Invagination of the left subclavian artery into the left upper lobe--a normal
      variant.
AB  - A rare variant of the left subclavian artery is presented, in which the usually
      intramediastinal portion of the artery ascended in the medial aspect of the left
      upper lobe in a 44-year-old woman. A septum, presumed to represent a quadruple
      layer of visceral and parietal pleurae, connected the mediastinum to the
      intrapulmonary course of the artery.

PMID- 3709128
TI  - Symmetrical low density areas in bilateral thalami in an infant with measles
      encephalitis.
AB  - Symmetrical low density areas in the thalami at CT were found in an 11-month-old
      boy with measles encephalitis. The focal lesions on CT appeared to be localized
      inflammation, necrosis or edema. The cause of these lesions is unknown.

PMID- 3709129
TI  - Posterior fossa plasmacytoma: computed tomographic findings.
AB  - A patient with multiple myeloma developed neurological symptoms consistent with
      an expanding intracranial lesion. The CT scan showed evidence of a posterior
      fossa mass. This was pathologically confirmed to be a plasmacytoma. There was no
      CT or pathological evidence of bone involvement. When the neurological symptoms
      developed, there was no systemic evidence of recurrence of the myeloma. The
      intracranial manifestations of multiple myeloma are reviewed. The CT findings and
      differential diagnosis of the plasmacytoma are reviewed.

PMID- 3709130
TI  - Computed angiotomography of the brain: normal and normal variations of cerebral
      vessels.
AB  - Computed angiotomography with intravenous minimum dose bolus injection of
      contrast medium permits identification of the circle of Willis and the basal
      cerebral veins. The normal and normal variations of these vessels in the various
      clinical cases are presented and described in relation to other neighbouring
      structures. A detailed knowledge of computed angiotomographic images of normal
      cerebral vessels can serve as a clinical basis for evaluating the cerebrovascular
      lesions.

PMID- 3709131
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of extremity masses.
AB  - Twenty-seven adults with extremity masses were examined by magnetic resonance
      imaging (MRI). In 26/27 cases, computed tomography (CT) scans were available for
      comparison. Imaging with multiple pulse sequences is necessary to optimize
      diagnosis by MRI. Advantages of MRI include direct sagittal and coronal imaging,
      demonstration of vessels without contrast and superior soft tissue contrast. CT
      better demonstrates cortical destruction and small calcifications, which may be
      important in some cases. For noncalcified masses without bone involvement, MRI is
      equivalent or superior to CT. In those cases with calcification or bone
      involvement, MRI plays a role complementary to CT.

PMID- 3709132
TI  - Cognitive dysfunction in mania.

PMID- 3709133
TI  - Misrepresentation and underemployment of behavior therapy.

PMID- 3709134
TI  - A 2.5-year follow-up of short-term interpersonal psychotherapy in methadone
      maintained opiate addicts.

PMID- 3709135
TI  - Distress in medical and law students.

PMID- 3709137
TI  - Suicidal behavior in alcoholic males.

PMID- 3709136
TI  - The dexamethasone suppression test in seasonal affective disorder.

PMID- 3709138
TI  - Obsessiveness and adjustment.

PMID- 3709139
TI  - The relationship of depression to medical illness in an older community
      population.

PMID- 3709140
TI  - AIDS presenting as mania.

PMID- 3709141
TI  - A case of social phobia with avoidant personality disorder treated with MAOI.

PMID- 3709142
TI  - Flexible system criteria in chronic schizophrenia.

PMID- 3709143
TI  - Phototoxicity, photoallergy, and contact sensitization of nitro musk perfume raw
      materials.
AB  - The potential of 4 related nitro musk substances (musk tibetene, musk ketone,
      musk xylol, and musk moskene) to cause photoallergy, phototoxicity, and/or
      contact sensitivity was compared to that of musk ambrette, a known photoallergen.
      Musk ambrette caused a high incidence of photoallergy as indicated by the
      severity of the skin grades as compared to a control group. Musk tibetene and
      musk moskene were negative for phototoxicity, photoallergenicity and contact
      sensitivity under the test conditions. Musk xylol was shown to be a weak contact
      sensitizer. Musk ketone gave challenge responses suggestive of a weak phototoxin
      and a weak contact sensitizer. The latter was not affected by light exposure.
      These data suggest that except for musk ambrette, the nitro musks as a group do
      not have the potential to produce photoallergy. Some members of this type of
      perfume raw material could be classified as weak sensitizers (musk xylol, musk
      ketone) or weakly phototoxic (musk ketone). These latter biological qualities
      have not been expressed clinically.

PMID- 3709144
TI  - Woman allergic to husband's sweat and semen.
AB  - A woman complained of severe itching and flushing after sexual intercourse or
      other physical contact with her husband. She developed a weal and flare on
      intradermal testing with her husband's semen and sweat, pooled donor semen and
      the sweat from her 2 sons. This is a report of allergy to human semen and the 1st
      reported case of allergy to human sweat.

PMID- 3709145
TI  - Contact urticaria to naphthylacetic acid.

PMID- 3709146
TI  - Contact allergy to salicylic acid.

PMID- 3709147
TI  - Dyclonine hydrochloride, local anaesthetic allergic contact dermatitis.

PMID- 3709148
TI  - Contact sensitivity to clobetasol propionate.

PMID- 3709149
TI  - Simultaneous reactions to phenol-formaldehyde resins colophony/hydroabietyl
      alcohol and balsam of Peru/perfume mixture.

PMID- 3709150
TI  - Contact allergy to preservatives (I).

PMID- 3709151
TI  - Contact allergy to AgeRite resin D.

PMID- 3709152
TI  - Contact allergy to C.I. Solvent Red 3.

PMID- 3709153
TI  - Contact dermatitis from merthiolate.

PMID- 3709154
TI  - Detection of contact allergy to phenol formaldehyde resins.

PMID- 3709155
TI  - Persistent light reaction from musk ambrette.

PMID- 3709156
TI  - Photoallergic dermatitis from ethylenediamine.

PMID- 3709157
TI  - Sensitizers in PTBP-formaldehyde resins.

PMID- 3709158
TI  - Contact allergy to hydrocortisone and thixocortol pivalate: problems in the
      detection of corticosteroid sensitivity.
AB  - Several of the difficulties involved in the detection of corticosteroid allergy
      are illustrated by the problems encountered in a patient sensitive to a
      preparation containing hydrocortisone and miconazole nitrate. The importance of
      appropriate concentrations and vehicles for patch testing, the possible role of
      impurities, and cross-sensitivity of corticosteroid molecules are discussed.

PMID- 3709159
TI  - Demonstration of contact sensitizers in resins and products based on phenol
      formaldehyde.
AB  - 12 phenol-formaldehyde resins were investigated with regard to the presence of 14
      contact sensitizers by using high-pressure liquid chromatography. The allergens
      consisted of simple methylol phenols, dihydroxydiphenyl methanes, 4,4(1)
      dihydroxy-(hydroxymethyl)-diphenyl methanes and 2,4(1)-dihydroxy-(hydroxymethyl)
      diphenyl methanes. Four substances, 2,4-dimethylol phenol, 2,6-dimethylol phenol,
      4,4(1)-dihydroxydiphenyl methane and 2,4(1)-dihydroxydiphenyl methane, were
      isolated from a resol resin and identified by mass-spectrometry and nuclear
      magnetic resonance spectrometry. The highest concentrations (up to 15% w/w) of
      allergens were noted for methylol phenols in resol resins based on phenol and
      formaldehyde. The corresponding novolak resins showed a high content of
      dihydroxydiphenyl methanes. There was great variation in concentration of the
      sensitizers between the resins. None of these sensitizers were demonstrated in
      the resin based on paratertiary-butyl phenol. Products based on phenol
      formaldehyde resins were also investigated for the presence of allergens. Uncured
      impregnated paper for laminate production and uncured mineral wool contained the
      same concentrations of the sensitizers as some of the resins studied. The curing
      process decreased the content of all the allergens investigated in all products,
      but the sensitizers did not disappear, and they may thus be present in finished
      products.

PMID- 3709160
TI  - Patch test sensitivity to Kathon CG.
AB  - Among 1511 consecutive patients patch tested with Kathon CG at 100 ppm active
      ingredient, 13 (0.8%) gave a positive reaction. Use test with a lotion containing
      Kathon CG (8.6 ppm) revealed no reaction in 11 patients with a positive patch
      test. It is concluded that a positive patch test reaction to 100 ppm does not
      initiate eczema after use of products preserved with Kathon CG in the low
      concentrations (3-15 ppm) used in final products.

PMID- 3709161
TI  - Test battery for metal allergy in dentistry.
AB  - Some alloys used in restorative dentistry may evoke an allergic contact
      stomatitis in certain persons. In order to protect patients from materials with
      undesired reactions, and considering corrosion characteristics of different
      alloys used, it is useful to devise an adequate patch test battery to include the
      most relevant metals. Dental alloys are composed of a combination of various
      metals. 12 different ions of frequent occurrence (Au3+, Pd2+, Zn2+, Mo6+, Sn2+,
      Ga3+, In3+, Co2+, Cr3+(6+), Ni2+, Fe2+(3+) and Si4+) were epicutaneously tested
      as the aqueous solution of the respective salt. The concentrations are given in
      g/100 ml and also in m.mole/l. The 12 different metal ion solutions were patch
      tested on patients in 3 groups: one group with a positive history of contact
      stomatitis (30 patients, group 1), one group with a positive history of contact
      dermatitis (16 patients, group 2), and a control group (17 persons, group 3). In
      contrast to the control group, a remarkable high percentage (11%) of positive
      skin reactions to Pd was found in groups 1 and 2. No allergic or irritant skin
      reactions were detected to Ga, Sn and Zn. No irritant reaction was observed at pH
      values as low as 1.5. In the case of SiCl4 (pH = 0.5), 41% positive irritant
      reactions were evoked. In the group with a positive history of contact dermatitis
      (group 1), a positive reaction was found more often (69%) than in the group with
      a positive history of contact stomatitis (30%) (group 2). The difference between
      these groups was mainly caused by reactions to Ni and Pd.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3709162
TI  - Sensitization to chloramphenicol; a persistent problem.
AB  - A surprisingly high incidence of chloramphenicol sensitization is reported in 8
      patients with periocular or periauricular dermatitis. In 6 of them, relevance was
      established to the use of topical chloramphenicol. Concurrent sensitization to
      polymyxin B sulphate was found in 2. The findings stress the fact that
      chloramphenicol allergy remains a persistent problem.

PMID- 3709163
TI  - Systemic symptoms related to patch tests with UV curable acrylic monomers.

PMID- 3709164
TI  - Cross reactions between ethylenediamine base in Merthiolate tincture with
      ethylenediamine HCl.

PMID- 3709165
TI  - Seasonal influence on routine patch test results.

PMID- 3709166
TI  - Protein contact dermatitis.

PMID- 3709167
TI  - Unusual sensitization to cyanoacrylate ester.

PMID- 3709168
TI  - Immediate and delayed hypersensitivity from penicillin.

PMID- 3709169
TI  - Formulation of a stable colophony patch test.

PMID- 3709170
TI  - Turpentine sensitization.

PMID- 3709171
TI  - Contact allergy to the preservative Kathon CG.

PMID- 3709172
TI  - Retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas: a continuing surgical challenge.

PMID- 3709173
TI  - Clinical and serological findings in alloimmune neonatal thrombocytopenia.

PMID- 3709174
TI  - Prolonged venous access in cancer patients: a review of currently used
      modalities.

PMID- 3709175
TI  - Conduction system study in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 3709176
TI  - Psychosocial approaches to the treatment and management of schizophrenics.

PMID- 3709178
TI  - Closing the gaps in health insurance coverage. AMA Council on Medical Service.

PMID- 3709177
TI  - Trauma in the pregnant patient.

PMID- 3709179
TI  - Drug-induced ototoxicity.

PMID- 3709180
TI  - The localization and management of nonpalpable breast lesions.

PMID- 3709181
TI  - Diagnosis of intestinal carcinoid tumor by bone marrow biopsy.

PMID- 3709182
TI  - European insurers give American litigation-product liability crisis an "F".

PMID- 3709183
TI  - Effects of toxic chemicals on the reproductive system. AMA Council on Scientific
      Affairs.

PMID- 3709184
TI  - Health implications of smokeless tobacco use. National Institutes of Health.

PMID- 3709185
TI  - Adjunct legal task force on biomedical ethics. American Hospital Association.

PMID- 3709186
TI  - Reflections on medicine. Marketing or humbug?

PMID- 3709187
TI  - Surrogate decisionmaking for the incompetent patient: Connecticut perspectives.

PMID- 3709188
TI  - Cerebral asymmetries on magnetic resonance imaging.
AB  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) reveals anatomical asymmetries of the sulcal
      demarcation of the posterior operculum from the parietal cortex that correlate
      with handedness in normal subjects. The sulcal demarcation is greater on the
      right in most right handers, but evenly distributed in left handers. This in vivo
      asymmetry corresponds to the commonly larger planum temporale on the left side.
      Hand Preference, Hand Performance, Dichotic Listening and Visual Field Preference
      measures were correlated with several measures of anatomical asymmetries seen on
      MRI. The sulcal demarcation, anterior frontal width and parietal width correlated
      best with hand performance, as measured on a dot tapping task. The biological
      significance of the distribution of anatomical and functional asymmetries is
      discussed.

PMID- 3709189
TI  - Reaction time in brain disease: some reflections.
AB  - Two factors associated with measurements of RT, viz., the role of task complexity
      and the relationship of RT to locus and size of lesion, are considered. Analysis
      of the literature suggests that the two factors are interrelated. There appears
      to be a trend for the complexity gradient to be steeper in patients with
      widespread brain damage than in those with focal lesions. Although simple RT is
      generally reported to be slower in patients with right hemisphere lesions, there
      are indications that complex RT may be slower in patients with left hemisphere
      lesions. The multiplicity of procedures utilized in different studies is probably
      responsible for some of the inconsistent findings in the literature. Explicit
      definition of these procedures and the employment of combinations of them should
      resolve these inconsistent findings and help to elucidate the relationship
      between RT and cerebral status.

PMID- 3709190
TI  - Apraxia after a superior parietal lesion.
AB  - We studied a patient who had unilateral (left) limb apraxia associated with a
      lesion of her right superior (Brodmann areas 5 and 7) and inferior parietal
      lobes. In monkeys areas 5 and 7 contain "hand-manipulation neurons" that are
      thought to be important in proprioceptive guidance. Therefore, we tested our
      patient with her eyes open and closed. Her left hand performance with pantonime,
      imitation, and use of actual objects dramatically deteriorated in the absence of
      visual guidance. In addition, although the patient did not have optic ataxia and
      had normal proprioception, she had difficulty using her left forelimb in tasks
      that require transcoding from a visual to a somatesthetic spatial coordinate
      system. We propose that each superior parietal lobe is not only responsible for
      transcoding from a visual-spatial code into a somatesthetic-spatial code but is
      also critical for transcoding spatial-temporal representations of skilled
      movement into a somatesthetic-spatial code.

PMID- 3709191
TI  - Histological asymmetry in the primary visual cortex of the rat: implications for
      mechanisms of cerebral asymmetry.
AB  - The present study was designed to specify the contributions of various
      histological parameters to hemispheric asymmetry of architectonic areas. It was
      found that the primary visual cortex of the rat is asymmetrical in volume, and
      that the asymmetry reflects side differences in the number of neurons. The
      implications of this finding for the understanding of mechanisms involved in the
      production of brain asymmetries are discussed.

PMID- 3709192
TI  - Handedness is not a unidimensional trait.
AB  - Most theories about the inheritance of hand preference assume that handedness is
      a unidimensional trait which forms a continuous distribution. This paper
      demonstrates that sampling a wide range of manual activities reveals dimensions
      of hand preference that are independent. 180 right handed and 110 left handed
      adults indicated their hand preference for 55 activities according to a five
      point scale. A Varimax Factor Analysis revealed four factors which accounted for
      80 percent of the variance. Factor 3 was of special interest because it
      represented behaviors which rely upon the axial musculature and involve strength
      more than dexterity. Hand preference for items on this factor were less laterally
      biased than on factors which included such fine motor behaviors as writing or
      drawing. These results suggest that manual preference is governed by more than
      one neural system and that these systems may be independently lateralized.

PMID- 3709193
TI  - Influence of hypothermia, barbiturate therapy, and intracranial pressure
      monitoring on morbidity and mortality after near-drowning.
AB  - We retrospectively evaluated the clinical and pathologic effects of hypothermia
      and high-dose barbiturate therapy on hypoxic/ischemic cerebral injury after near
      drowning in children. Of 40 near-drowned patients admitted to the ICU, 13 died,
      seven had permanent cerebral damage, and 20 survived. Twenty-four patients (group
      1) were treated with a regime of hyperventilation, hypothermia, and high-dose
      phenobarbitone while intracranial pressure (ICP) was continuously monitored. Of
      ten who died in this group, three were diagnosed as having cerebral death shortly
      after admission; autopsy revealed severe cerebral edema with herniation. The
      remaining seven nonsurvivors had severe cerebral hypoxia without raised ICP and
      had the features of severe adult respiratory distress syndrome and
      hypoxic/ischemic damage to other organs. Six of these seven patients developed
      septicemia which was invariably associated with a profound neutropenia. Sixteen
      patients (group 2) were treated with a similar protocol but without hypothermia.
      Three of these patients died but only one developed septicemia. Neutropenia after
      resuscitation from near-drowning seemed to indicate a poor prognosis; the mean
      polymorphonuclear leukocyte count in nonsurvivors (1.9 +/- 0.5 X 10(9) cell/L)
      was significantly (p less than .01) lower than that in survivors (6.4 +/- 1.1 X
      10(9) cell/L). Hypothermia was associated with a decreased number of circulating
      PMNs but did not increase the number of neurologically intact survivors.
      Similarly, although barbiturates may control ICP, their use did not improve
      outcome. Because severe cerebral edema and herniation after near-drowning is
      usually associated with irreversible brain damage, measures to control brain
      swelling such as hypothermia and barbiturates will be of little benefit.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3709194
TI  - Cardiovascular changes during transport of critically ill and postoperative
      patients.
AB  - We examined cardiovascular changes in 37 patients transported to an ICU after
      major general or vascular surgery (n = 14), open heart surgery (n = 13), or
      carotid endarterectomy (n = 10). Cardiovascular variables were also measured in a
      control group of 11 patients transported from an ICU for diagnostic or
      therapeutic procedures. All patients were followed for 30 min before transport
      until approximately 30 min after they arrived at their destinations. During this
      period, systolic BP and heart rate significantly increased only in patients
      recovering from major general/vascular surgery or carotid endarterectomy. These
      changes were apparently related to acute emergence from inhalational anesthesia
      (isoflurane plus nitrous oxide), since the other surgical patients were
      anesthetized with narcotic anesthesia, and the control group did not receive any
      anesthesia.

PMID- 3709195
TI  - Transport of critically ill adults.
AB  - Interhospital transport can be hazardous because of rapid changes in a patient's
      physiologic status and the use of monitoring systems. A retrospective study
      evaluated the first 204 critically ill adult patients transported from community
      hospitals to Stanford Medical Center by a special transport team. To relate the
      risk of transport to severity of illness, a retrospective scoring system was
      devised. Sixty-one percent (n = 125) of the patients were at high risk for
      transport. The patients were stabilized at the referring hospital, and invasive
      monitoring was used as mandated by the patient's condition. The average transport
      distance was 133 km, and the average duration of transport was 4.38 h. One
      hundred and five patients (51.5%) were transported by air, and the remaining
      patients were transported by surface ambulance. All patients survived the
      transport, and 71.6% were eventually discharged from the hospital. Hospital
      mortality correlated with the risk-scoring system (p less than .01) and increased
      five-fold as severity of illness increased. This study demonstrates that, with
      appropriate hemodynamic stabilization and monitoring, severely ill patients can
      be transported safely.

PMID- 3709196
TI  - Clinical correlates do not predict PaO2 response after tolazoline administration
      in hypoxic newborns.
AB  - In an attempt to determine which hypoxic newborns might benefit from
      administration of tolazoline hydrochloride (Tz), we identified all neonates known
      to have received Tz at four Chicago area perinatal centers over a 4-yr period.
      For each of 41 infants, five statistical analyses were used to correlate 31
      clinical and ventilatory variables with PaO2 values before and after Tz
      administration. Fourteen neonates responded to Tz infusion with more than a two
      fold increase in PaO2. None of 31 clinical variables successfully predicted a
      positive Tz response in these infants, and a positive response (increased PaO2)
      was not associated with increased likelihood of survival. BP fell after Tz in 72%
      of patients, while heart rate rose after Tz treatment in 66% of cases. These data
      suggest a need to re-evaluate the administration of Tz to hypoxic newborn
      infants.

PMID- 3709197
TI  - Effect of coenzyme Q10 on endotoxin shock in dogs.
AB  - We studied the effects of coenzyme Q10 pretreatment on both pulmonary function
      and chemical mediators during endotoxin shock in dogs. Coenzyme Q10 pretreatment
      inhibited disturbances in peak airway pressure, total compliance of lung plus
      chest wall, lung clearance index, plasma histamine, base excess, and lactate;
      however, it had little effect on the circulation. The mechanism of coenzyme Q10's
      significant effects on pulmonary function during endotoxin shock is presently
      unknown.

PMID- 3709198
TI  - Pleural drainage using modified pigtail catheters.
AB  - An 8.3-Fr modified pigtail catheter has been developed for chronic percutaneous
      drainage of pericardial effusions. Placement of this catheter using a modified
      Seldinger technique is virtually atraumatic. To test the safety and efficacy of
      this catheter for pleural drainage, it was used to manage eight collections of
      pleural fluid and nine pneumothoraces in a total of 12 infants and children.
      There were no placement complications. Fluid accumulations were satisfactorily
      drained in every instance. Pneumothoraces were treated definitively with a single
      catheter, except when a bronchopleural fistula was present. Percutaneous pigtail
      drainage of pleura fluid or air is simple, safe, effective, and substantially
      less traumatic than standard chest-tube placement.

PMID- 3709199
TI  - Less-invasive cardiac output monitoring by earpiece densitometry.
AB  - Cardiac output was measured by thermodilution and ear densitometry in surgical
      ICU patients who had pulmonary arterial catheters. Overall comparison based on 56
      sets of triplicate measurements revealed a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.76
      between the two techniques. Although ear densitometry was more accurate with
      injection via the antecubital vein (r = 0.88) vs. more distal injection (r =
      0.67), these data suggest that this technique lacks the accuracy for clinical
      application.

PMID- 3709200
TI  - A survey of successful FFARACS candidates in Australasia.
AB  - As of October 1985, 37 candidates have passed the final examination in intensive
      care for the Diploma of Fellow of the Faculty of Anaesthetists, Royal
      Australasian College of Surgeons (FFARACS). In September 1984, 23 of these
      successful candidates responded to a questionnaire seeking information on their
      educational experiences during training and the nature of their work since the
      examination. At that time, six were staff specialists in anesthetic practice, one
      was involved in full-time intensive care research, one was the director of an
      accident and emergency center, and the remaining 15 were full-time staff
      specialists or senior registrars in intensive care. The responses to the
      questions on training indicated that more intensive care and medical experience
      were considered desirable. Most felt that their training and the examination were
      useful in determining long-term employment, satisfactory performance in intensive
      care, and personal job satisfaction.

PMID- 3709202
TI  - Endotracheal intubation using percutaneous retrograde guidewire insertion
      followed by antegrade fiberoptic bronchoscopy.
AB  - Although endotracheal intubation can usually be performed readily by many medical
      and paramedical personnel, it may be very difficult in situations such as trauma,
      hemorrhage, or deformity. We inserted an endotracheal tube over a retrograde
      guidewire in a patient with a cervical deformity. Published reports of retrograde
      intubation are reviewed.

PMID- 3709201
TI  - Reversible segmental myocardial dysfunction in septic shock.
AB  - We report two septic-shock patients who had ECG and echocardiographic changes
      consistent with myocardial infarction but no evidence of coronary artery disease
      or myocardial injury at autopsy. The segmental myocardial dysfunction completely
      resolved in one patient. Because septic shock can cause segmental myocardial
      dyskinesis, ECG and echocardiographic data may be misleading and should be
      interpreted cautiously.

PMID- 3709203
TI  - Computed tomography for diagnosis of tracheoesophageal fistula.
AB  - Two patients developed tracheoesophageal fistula after prolonged nasotracheal
      intubation and tracheostomy. The use of computed tomography, a noninvasive
      technique, to document the size and location of tracheoesophageal fistula may be
      preferable to endoscopic examination in critically ill, ventilator-dependent
      patients.

PMID- 3709204
TI  - Treatment of near-drowning: is there a role for H.Y.P.E.R. therapy?

PMID- 3709205
TI  - Reliability of sputum culture in pneumonia.

PMID- 3709206
TI  - Lung herniation after CPR.

PMID- 3709207
TI  - Outcome of critically injured patients treated at Level I trauma centers versus
      full-service community hospitals.

PMID- 3709208
TI  - Vitreal oxygen tension gradients in the isolated perfused cat eye.
AB  - Pre-retinal partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) profiles have been measured for the
      first time in the isolated arterially perfused eye of the cat. The perfusate, fed
      to the eye under a constant pressure head, contained no haemoglobin or
      haemoglobin analogue so that the only source of oxygen was in the dissolved form.
      Maximum oxygen supply is provided by raising perfusate PO2 by equilibration with
      100% O2. Periodic measurements of the DC corneal electroretinogram were used as a
      check on preparation viability. Using oxygen sensitive microelectrodes, oxygen
      tension profiles were measured in the vicinity of retinal vessels and also in
      vessel free areas, to determine the effect of the retinal circulation on the
      local oxygen environment of the vitreous. Results showed that large PO2 gradients
      exist near retinal arteries whereas more than 1mm away from the retina the PO2
      gradient is very shallow. These results are in agreement with those obtained for
      the in vivo cat eye where the animal is breathed on 100% oxygen. Thus it can be
      concluded that the isolated perfused eye behaves similarly to the in vivo eye
      with respect to oxygen distribution and function.

PMID- 3709209
TI  - Effect of indomethacin on immunogenic keratitis.
AB  - The effect of topically administrated indomethacin was studied in rabbits on an
      experimentally provoked inflammatory keratitis. Intrastromal injection with horse
      serum induced in the cornea a ring-shaped infiltration with leukocytes and
      neovascularization. Indomethacin was given as eye drops three times daily during
      the experiment. In the indomethacin treated eyes leukocyte infiltration was
      prolonged but not the concomitant neovascularization. The potentiation of the
      leukocyte response may be due to a facilitation of chemotactic lipoxygenase
      products.

PMID- 3709210
TI  - Clinical evaluation of fenticonazole cream in cutaneous fungal infections: a
      comparison with miconazole cream.
AB  - A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, multi-centre clinical trial was
      undertaken in 60 patients with dermatophytosis or pityriasis versicolor to
      compare topical 2% fenticonazole cream with topical 2% miconazole cream.
      Treatment, by twice-daily application, was for 4 weeks or until earlier complete
      resolution of disease. Assessment was by laboratory mycological investigation and
      regular clinical/symptomatic evaluation, both during and for 2 to 6 weeks after
      therapy. Fifty-three patients satisfactorily completed the trial, 28 of whom
      received fenticonazole and 25 miconazole. The groups were adequately well
      matched. All assessment criteria showed fenticonazole to be at least as
      efficacious as miconazole, with no statistically significant differences between
      the two treatments. A number of assessment criteria, however, did show trends in
      favour of fenticonazole. Fenticonazole resulted in mycological findings becoming
      negative in 92%, i.e. all but 2 of 25 patients, by the end of treatment and a
      similar proportion (91%, 21 of 23 patients) remained mycologically negative 2 to
      4 weeks after the end of therapy. With miconazole, only 79% (19 of 24 patients)
      became mycologically negative during treatment and this figure decreased further
      to 74% (14 of 19 patients) after therapy. Essentially similar results were seen
      for clinical assessments of erythema, itching and desquamation, these features
      being significantly and progressively eliminated or improved by both treatments
      in high proportions of patients during therapy, followed by little tendency to
      return after the cessation of therapy. Overall clinical assessments demonstrated
      statistically significant improvement during the second, third and fourth weeks
      of treatment with both drugs. Only 4 patients (two with each treatment) were
      reported as showing clinical deterioration at any stage during the trial, in all
      cases after the end of therapy. There were no reports of local or systemic
      adverse reactions to either drug, and laboratory screening investigations failed
      to reveal any signs of toxicity. These results indicate that a 4-week course of
      twice daily topical 2% fenticonazole cream is extremely well tolerated and is at
      least as efficacious as an equivalent regimen of 2% miconazole for the treatment
      of cutaneous dermatophytosis or pityriasis versicolor. Trends in the results
      suggest that fenticonazole may prove to be more efficacious than miconazole,
      particularly in relation to elimination of laboratory evidence of persistent
      fungal infection, which could be reflected in a lower incidence of subsequent
      relapse of the disease.

PMID- 3709211
TI  - Concentrations of mecillinam and ampicillin determined in serum and renal tissue:
      a single-dose pharmacokinetic study in patients undergoing nephrectomy.
AB  - A study was carried out to determine serum and renal tissue concentrations of
      antibiotics after a single intravenous injection of 1.0 g ampicillin plus 0.4 g
      mecillinam, given up to 4 hours before surgery, in 13 patients with normal or
      near normal kidney function who were undergoing nephrectomy. Both antibiotics
      showed higher tissue concentrations than the corresponding serum levels. The mean
      kidney:serum ratio was 2.4 for ampicillin and 1.4 for mecillinam. Serum half
      lives were calculated to be 57 minutes for ampicillin and 52 minutes for
      mecillinam. Corresponding elimination half-lives in the kidney were 45 minutes
      and 44 minutes, respectively.

PMID- 3709212
TI  - Haemorrheological improvement by pentoxifylline in patients with peripheral
      arterial occlusive disease.
AB  - A group of 25 patients with Stage II peripheral arterial occlusive disease was
      treated with pentoxifylline ('Trental' 400) for 90 days. Significant changes were
      observed during treatment in the haemorrheological parameters studied. At the end
      of treatment, reductions were found compared to basal values in blood viscosity (
      10.1%), plasma viscosity (-9.5%), blood fibrinogen (-18.5%), and erythrocyte
      aggregation (-31.8%); blood filtrability was significantly increased (+41.0%).
      These positive changes in blood fluidity may be suggestive of beneficial
      influence of this drug on the clinical condition of claudicants.

PMID- 3709213
TI  - Comparison of intramuscular buprenorphine and a buprenorphine/naloxone
      combination in the treatment of post-operative pain.
AB  - The analgesic efficacy and tolerance of a single intramuscular injection of
      either buprenorphine (0.3 mg) or a buprenorphine (0.3 mg)/naloxone (0.2 mg)
      combination was compared in 70 patients suffering from moderate to severe pain
      after abdominal surgery. Patients in both treatment groups experienced good
      analgesia which was apparent within 10 minutes of administration and lasted for
      approximately 12 hours. The most frequently reported unwanted effects were
      drowsiness and/or sleepiness and nausea and/or vomiting which were of mild or
      moderate severity in most cases. No significant differences were seen between the
      two treatment groups with regard to the overall assessments of efficacy and
      tolerance.

PMID- 3709215
TI  - Genetic control of the susceptibility to bacterial infection.

PMID- 3709214
TI  - Congenital bronchopulmonary malformations.

PMID- 3709216
TI  - Genetic determination of bacterial virulence, with special reference to
      Salmonella.

PMID- 3709217
TI  - Centipedes.

PMID- 3709218
TI  - Surgical treatment of ingrowing toenails.

PMID- 3709219
TI  - Erythema multiforme-like eruptions due to topical miscellaneous compounds: Part
      III.

PMID- 3709220
TI  - Inflammatory granuloma annulare.
AB  - A case of inflammatory granuloma annulare occurring on the extremities of a young
      girl is presented. The lesions became erythematous and edematous concurrently
      with a self-limited gastrointestinal disorder. Many neutrophils were present in
      the biopsy specimen, which exhibited the changes of granuloma annulare.

PMID- 3709221
TI  - Epidermal nevus misinterpreted as child abuse.
AB  - Determining what constitutes true child abuse is not always easy. A child with
      epidermal nevus and multiple cafe-au-lait spots was erroneously thought to be a
      victim of abuse. This report details the features of epidermal nevi. We present
      these findings with the hope that such misdiagnoses can be avoided in the future.

PMID- 3709222
TI  - Caterpillar and moth dermatitis.

PMID- 3709223
TI  - Plaques.

PMID- 3709224
TI  - The safety of artificial hip replacement in nickel-sensitive patients.

PMID- 3709225
TI  - Intraepidermal epithelioma of Jadassohn.
AB  - Intraepidermal epithelioma of Jadassohn is a rare cutaneous neoplasm
      characterized by a solitary scaly verrucous plaque. Histologic examination of
      these plaques reveals intraepidermal nests of basaloid cells. To our knowledge
      this is the first case reported in a black person.

PMID- 3709226
TI  - Interdigital angioleiomyoma.
AB  - A painful mass in the interdigital space may represent an angioleiomyoma.
      Complete surgical excision followed by histologic examination is the optimal
      approach to diagnosis and therapy.

PMID- 3709227
TI  - Surgical procedures for the treatment of baldness.
AB  - New surgical methods are now available for the correction of male pattern
      baldness. Standard techniques have been significantly refined during the past
      decade. These methods include punch autografts, strip grafting, scalp reduction,
      use of hair-bearing flaps, microsurgery, and various combinations of these
      techniques. A more recent refinement of hair transplantation is the use of
      minigrafts and micrografts. We present an overview of the advantages and
      indications for each procedure.

PMID- 3709228
TI  - Xeroderma pigmentosum in Qatar.
AB  - A case of xeroderma pigmentosum with malignant melanoma in a 28-year-old Qatari
      woman is reported. She had a history of family consanguinity and more than one
      member of her family was affected.

PMID- 3709229
TI  - Treatment of tinea pedis with econazole nitrate cream.
AB  - This study investigated the clinical effectiveness and the long-term relapse rate
      of the topical imidazole, econazole nitrate, in the treatment of tinea pedis.
      Econazole nitrate cream was applied by twenty-two patients with tinea pedis for
      twenty-eight consecutive days. Therapy was then discontinued and patients were
      evaluated to determine the long-term relapse rate. Nineteen (86 percent) of the
      twenty-two patients were considered cured at the end of twenty-eight days of
      treatment. At the follow-up examinations, 74 percent of the group considered to
      be clinically cured at the end of therapy remained clear for one month, 84
      percent for two months, and 63 percent for three months after stopping active
      treatment. These data demonstrate that econazole nitrate is a highly effective
      topical agent in the treatment of tinea pedis and that clinical and mycologic
      cures in almost two thirds of the patients last for at least three months.

PMID- 3709230
TI  - Cryptogenic drug eruption resulting from cephalosporin lavage.
AB  - The actual cause of a drug eruption may not be obvious at times. In such cases,
      careful review of medication logs, order sheets, and progress notes should be
      supplemented by nursing notes and verification of treatment given by those
      responsible for the patient's care.

PMID- 3709231
TI  - Morphometric analysis of in vivo development of porcine ovarian granulosa cells
      in preovulatory antral follicles.
AB  - Granulosa cells (GC) from immature (1-2 mm), developing (3-5 mm), and
      preovulatory (6-12 mm) antral porcine follicles were examined by stereological,
      ultrastructural techniques. Partial cell volumes occupied by nuclei or
      mitochondria did not differ significantly as follicles enlarged. Whorled smooth
      endoplasmic reticulum (ER) increased significantly in large follicles compared to
      either small or medium sized follicles. Whorled rough ER elements were present in
      similar amounts in small and medium sized follicles and absent in large
      follicles. The GC of large follicles contained significantly more lipid and Golgi
      complexes than that of small follicles, but the lipid and Golgi complex content
      of GC from medium follicles was not significantly different from that of either
      small or large follicles. Proportions of total cell volumes occupied by lysosomes
      and multivesicular bodies increased as follicular size increased. This confirms
      earlier qualitative studies, and provides a quantitative in situ basis for future
      in vitro studies.

PMID- 3709233
TI  - Non-fertility in cows: treatment with PGF and investigation of uterine biopsies.
AB  - Experiments with seventeen 'repeat breeders' confirmed that the carbohydrate
      composition, the hormonal pattern, the cholesterol content and the occurrence of
      indole metabolites, such as blue fluorescing protein, in cervical mucus can be
      used as parameters for the fertilizing capacity of these cows. After careful
      rectal examination 25 mg PGF2 alpha was administered to thirteen 'repeat
      breeders' on that day of the luteal phase when next to the corpus luteum no
      follicle was palpable; ten of them became pregnant or were fertilized. Uterine
      biopsies were taken from eight 'normal' cows and from eight 'repeat breeders',
      simultaneously with cervical mucus samples. The biochemical composition of the
      biopsies was comparable to that of the mucus samples. The taking of two biopsies
      produced injurious consequences for the animals, perceptible in oestrous
      behaviour. Investigation of cervical mucus samples is therefore preferred to
      uterine biopsies for the examination of sterility in cows.

PMID- 3709232
TI  - Regulation of ODC activity in the thymus and liver of rats by adrenal hormones.
AB  - The activity of L-ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17, ODC) has become a useful
      indicator of hormone responsiveness. Various regimens of dexamethasone,
      aldosterone and epinephrine, alone or in combination, were administered to
      adrenalectomized rats either in acute or chronic doses. In addition,
      adrenalectomized rats, which were chronically treated with aldosterone and
      epinephrine, were given a single injection of 50 micrograms dexamethasone and
      sacrificed at various time intervals after hormone treatment. Hepatic and thymic
      ODC activity was measured. The expected dexamethasone effect, an increase in
      hepatic and a decrease in thymic ODC, was observed. This study also revealed that
      aldosterone induced similar responses in these tissues. Epinephrine had the
      opposite effect since chronic administration of dexamethasone or aldosterone with
      epinephrine resulted in control levels of ODC. Furthermore, when aldosterone and
      epinephrine were chronically administered to adrenalectomized rats, to study the
      acute effects of dexamethasone on rat thymus and liver, the time course of the
      response in each tissue was found to be distinct. The influence of the adrenal
      gland on rat thymus and liver is not restricted only to glucocorticoids, but may
      also involve other hormones which it secretes.

PMID- 3709234
TI  - Changes in metabolite levels and morphology of teleost ventricular myocytes due
      to hypoxia, ischaemia, and metabolic inhibitors.
AB  - Since fish hearts are resistant to the effects of hypoxia, comparison of the
      effects of hypoxia and ischaemia on fish and mammalian hearts may lead to better
      understanding of ischaemic injury in mammalian hearts. The ultrastructure and
      levels of ATP, creatine phosphate, and lactic acid were examined in hearts
      obtained from largemouth bass. Bass hearts were subjected to conditions of
      normoxia, ischaemia, hypoxia, and hypoxia in the presence of fluoride and
      cyanide. ATP levels remained stable during hypoxia and ischaemia, but fell during
      hypoxia in the presence of fluoride or fluoride plus cyanide. Changes in creatine
      phosphate and lactic acid indicated ATP was produced during hypoxia and ischaemia
      by glycolysis, by rephosphorylation from creatine phosphate, and by oxidative
      phosphorylation with oxygen obtained from myoglobin or the atmosphere.
      Ultrastructural changes were found similar to those reported in ischaemic
      mammalian heart, consisting of inter- and intracellular swelling, glycogen
      depletion, and mitochondrial alterations. Comparison of metabolic rates between
      fish and mammalian hearts suggests the lower rate in fish hearts may be the chief
      factor which permits stable ATP levels during hypoxia and ischaemia, and thus
      provides resistance to these conditions.

PMID- 3709235
TI  - Chromosome elimination in the Japanese hagfish, Eptatretus burgeri (Agnatha,
      Cyclostomata).
AB  - The modal number of chromosomes in Eptatretus burgeri was 36 in 297 (81.8%) of
      363 somatic cells, 52 in 13 (30.2%) of 43 spermatogonia, and 25 (46.8%) or 26
      (40.3%) in 162 of 186 first spermatocytes. The relative amount of DNA in a
      somatic cell to that in a spermatogonium averaged 79.2%. C-band-positive
      chromatin was observed along almost the entire length of the associated dumbbell
      shaped bivalents and part of two other bivalents in the metaphases of first
      spermatocytes, but was rarely observed in somatic cells. These results indicate
      that, in E. burgeri, chromosome elimination takes place during the early stages
      of cleavage, except for the ancestral germ-line cells.

PMID- 3709236
TI  - Multistranded organization of the lateral elements of the synaptonemal complex in
      the rat and mouse.
AB  - Using electron microscopy, we have analyzed the structure of the lateral elements
      (LEs) of the synaptonemal complex (SC) in rat and mouse spermatocytes under
      different spreading conditions. Our observations indicate that in nearly 50% of
      the cells it is possible to detect more than one structural component of the LEs
      in the XY pair. When the same spreading conditions are used, the structure of the
      LEs is not the same in the autosomes and the XY pair. Moreover, the correlation
      between different spreading conditions and the detection of more than one
      sublateral element (subLE) was different in pachytene and diplotene spreads; it
      also varied depending on the species and meiotic stage. Our study supports the
      notion that the LEs of the SC are multistranded.

PMID- 3709237
TI  - The XYY condition in a wild mammal: an XY/XYY mosaic common shrew (Sorex
      araneus).
AB  - XY/XYY sex-chromosome mosaicism was demonstrated in both bone marrow and germ
      cells of a wild adult common shrew. Secondary sexual characteristics were those
      of a normal male, but the testes were small, and the sperm count was only about
      3% of normal. Most of the seminiferous tubule cross-sections examined revealed
      serious spermatogenic impairment and a reduced diameter. A range of sex
      chromosome pairing configurations was observed in XYY primary spermatocytes,
      including configurations involving the X and both Y chromosomes in a linear or
      radial array. The presence of metaphase II (MII) spreads with an XY sex
      chromosome complement indicated that XYY primary spermatocytes could contribute
      products to MII. Following Burgoyne (1979) and Burgoyne and Biddle (1980), a
      number of models of spermatocyte loss were tested. The data indicated that there
      was an association between the sex-chromosome complement of primary spermatocytes
      and their contribution to MII. The best fit to the observed MII frequency data
      was provided by a model which assumed that all XYY primary spermatocytes with a
      univalent Y chromosome and a high proportion of XYY primary spermatocytes with an
      unpaired X chromosome failed to contribute products to MII.

PMID- 3709238
TI  - Non-interaction between nifedipine and digoxin.
AB  - In order to evaluate a possible interaction between digoxin and nifedipine, we
      studied steady state digoxin pharmacokinetics before and during oral
      coadministration of nifedipine in eight healthy subjects. Mean plasma digoxin
      concentration was 0.68 +/- 0.15 ng/ml during control conditions versus 0.74 +/-
      0.13 ng/ml (NS) after two weeks of nifedipine coadministration. Nifedipine caused
      no significant changes in either renal digoxin clearance (173.6 +/- 25.9 versus
      173.1 +/- 33.2 ml/min) or 24-hour urinary recovery of digoxin (164.7 +/- 25.7
      versus 183.8 +/- 29.2 micrograms/24 hrs). Our findings support earlier
      observations that nifedipine coadministration is not associated with any
      significant alteration of digoxin pharmacokinetics.

PMID- 3709239
TI  - Urine and tissue glycosaminoglycans and their interrelations.

PMID- 3709240
TI  - The pulmonary function laboratory. Who needs it?

PMID- 3709241
TI  - Improving the cost-efficiency of oxygen therapy.

PMID- 3709242
TI  - Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, aneurysms and reflections.

PMID- 3709243
TI  - Initial combination therapy with YAG laser photoresection and irradiation for
      inoperable non-small cell carcinoma of the lung. A preliminary report.
AB  - Patients presenting with inoperable non-small cell carcinoma of the lung and
      major symptomatic bronchial obstruction were treated initially with debulking of
      the airways by YAG laser, followed by conventional external-beam radiotherapy.
      The former method was used to minimize postobstructive pneumonitis or respiratory
      failure (or both) that often complicates major brochial obstruction and also to
      lessen the burden of tumor to be treated by radiotherapy. The preliminary results
      of 19 patients treated in this manner are reported, emphasizing the impact of
      this combined method on morbidity and mortality.

PMID- 3709244
TI  - Lack of clinical exacerbations in adults with chronic asthma after immunization
      with killed influenza virus.
AB  - The effects of immunization with killed influenza virus vaccine were assessed by
      comparison with placebo in a double-blind study of 318 adult patients with
      chronic asthma. The patients were randomly allocated to active vaccine and
      placebo. No difference was observed in peak expiratory flow rate or in clinical
      symptoms of bronchial obstruction between the groups receiving active vaccine and
      placebo during the first week after immunization. The data were analyzed
      separately for age, sex, duration of the disease, hypersensitivity to aspirin
      (acetylsalicylic acid), atopic status, patients with a history of attacks of
      asthma induced by viral infections, patients with a diurnal variation of baseline
      peak expiratory flow of 20 percent or more, and patients receiving continuous
      oral steroid medication, but none of these factors seemed to predict any short
      term adverse effects of vaccination. Follow-up for eight months after the
      vaccination revealed no differences in asthmatic symptoms between the patients
      treated with active vaccine and those receiving placebo. The antiviral antibody
      response to vaccination was normal. The possible protection provided by the
      vaccination against exacerbation of asthma induced by influenza could not be
      evaluated, since the influenza epidemic expected during the season failed to
      occur in Finland. It is concluded that immunization with killed influenza vaccine
      is safe and is not associated with any significant side effects in adult patients
      with chronic asthma.

PMID- 3709245
TI  - Evaluation of the pendant oxygen-conserving nasal cannula during exercise.
AB  - There is much recent evidence that patients with chronic pulmonary disease who
      are hypoxemic benefit from continuous therapy with oxygen. These benefits include
      reduction in symptoms of cor pulmonale, reduction in mortality, and improvement
      in quality of life. Oxygen therapy is very expensive, and steady-flow delivery of
      oxygen is wasteful, since almost the entire benefit of the oxygen presented to
      the patient occurs at the very beginning of inspiration. We previously described
      a conserver nasal cannula (CNC) which stores oxygen during exhalation for
      delivery during subsequent inspirations. The CNC achieves adequate arterial
      oxygen saturation (SaO2) at one fourth to one half of the flow in liters of
      steady-flow oxygen delivery. Because some patients found the mustache
      configuration objectionable, a pendant nasal cannula (PNC) was designed,
      displacing the reservoir off of the face and onto the anterior wall of the chest.
      While both cannulas require some breathing by nose to function, the PNC is more
      esthetically acceptable. No studies with exercise have been reported using the
      PNC. We evaluated the PNC during treadmill exercise in ten subjects with chronic
      obstructive pulmonary disease and hypoxemia on exercise. We compared the PNC with
      steady-flow oxygen during steady level treadmill walking sufficient to cause
      oxygen desaturation while breathing room air at oxygen presentations of 0.5
      through 3.0 L/min. At comparable workloads the SaO2 achieved by PNC required one
      third of the oxygen flow required by steady-flow oxygen to achieve an equivalent
      SaO2. These differences were statistically significant (p less than 0.01). We
      conclude that the PNC provides effective delivery of oxygen during exercise, as
      well as at rest, while minimizing oxygen flow rate and thus substantially
      reducing the economic burden normally associated with supplemental oxygen
      delivery.

PMID- 3709246
TI  - Tuberculosis screening in Washington state male correctional facilities.
AB  - The four major penal institutions for men in Washington state were surveyed in
      June 1983, to assess the quality of tuberculosis screening and the proportion of
      residents who were reactors. A total of 4,744 medical charts of current residents
      were reviewed of which 4,269 (90.0 percent) had skin test results recorded. The
      proportion of inmates residing in the four institutions during 1983 who were
      reactors was 12.5 percent. To describe the demographic characteristics and health
      status of reactors and nonreactors more fully, a detailed data abstraction was
      performed for those inmates newly admitted during 1982. The proportion of this
      subgroup of 1,176 men entering the prison system during 1982 who were reactors
      was 14.2 percent. There was no evidence of tuberculosis transmission within the
      institutions. Three converters were recognized. However, all three conversions
      were identified upon reentry of inmates following periods of release. This study
      supports an earlier recommendation for skin testing upon entry or reentry for
      residents, and only upon initial hiring of employees. The Washington State
      Department of Corrections was advised to continue skin testing upon entry or
      reentry for residents and only upon initial employment of personnel.

PMID- 3709247
TI  - Late exudative complications of collapse therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis.
AB  - In a retrospective study of 15 patients who were treated with collapse therapy
      for pulmonary tuberculosis on an average 30 years previously, we found 16
      instances of exudation in the residual pocket: four were sterile and without
      fistula, ten had bronchial fistulae, one had an esophageal fistula, and one was a
      tuberculous empyema without fistula. Among the 11 exudations with bronchial or
      esophageal fistulae, none contained tubercle bacilli, six were infected with
      pyogenic microorganisms, and five remained sterile. In 12 cases, the diagnosis
      was suggested by chest x-ray film. Four of nine exudates which remained sterile
      and three of the seven infected ones could be stabilized by conservative
      measures; the others required a decortication, sometimes with parenchymal
      resection. This study shows that in late exudative complications of old collapse
      therapy, an initial conservative treatment can be curative in about 45 percent of
      the cases.

PMID- 3709248
TI  - Comparison between high and moderate doses of hydrocortisone in the treatment of
      status asthmaticus.
AB  - In a group of 40 adult patients in status asthmaticus, the responses to two
      different dosages of hydrocortisone were studied. All patients received a uniform
      treatment and were sequentially assigned to one of the following two groups: high
      dosage of hydrocortisone (80 mg/kg/day); or moderate dosage (6 mg/kg/day). The
      hydrocortisone was given intravenously in divided doses every six hours. The
      study lasted five days, and forced spirometry was performed daily at noon. The
      condition of all of the patients improved gradually, and when comparing both
      groups, no statistically significant differences were found in their spirometric
      measurements. We did not find any difference in the reversal of airway
      obstruction in the treatment of status asthmaticus by using a high dosage of
      hydrocortisone when compared with a lower moderate one.

PMID- 3709249
TI  - Importance of breath size in calibrating the respiratory inductive
      plethysmograph.
AB  - The usual method of calibrating the respiratory inductive plethysmograph (RIP) is
      to have the subject breathe over a rather narrow volume range, either resting
      tidal volume or into a bag containing a fixed larger volume, in both the standing
      and supine positions. During a previous study in our laboratory using the RIP to
      quantify ventilation during sleep in young and elderly adults, we began to
      observe that the accuracy of the RIP measurements could be improved if we
      calibrated using a wider range of tidal volumes which encompassed the smaller
      breath sizes we were measuring during sleep. We therefore decided to investigate
      whether the size of the breaths used for calibrating the RIP was indeed important
      in improving the accuracy of the device. Eight healthy, nonsmoking young adult
      men participated in the study. Three sets of calibration factors for the RIP were
      determined based on low (300 to 500 ml), normal (500 to 800 ml) and high tidal
      volume (over 800 ml) breaths. Each of these sets of calibration factors were then
      used to validate three different sets of supine tidal volumes (low, normal,
      high). For all volumes tested, the RIP values most closely approximated the
      spirometric volumes when the calibration breaths and validation breaths were of
      the same size.

PMID- 3709250
TI  - The maximal expiratory flow-volume curve in normal subjects in India.
AB  - Data on pulmonary function, with particular reference to flow-volumes, were
      obtained in 760 normal healthy Indians in Bombay, who had never smoked and who
      had no symptom or history of cardiorespiratory disease. Prediction equations were
      derived for spirometric parameters and for maximal expiratory flows. The maximal
      expiratory flow-volume curves showed considerable intersubject variability. Both
      flow and volume decreased with advancing age, with the flow-volume curve
      appearing increasingly convex towards the volume axis in its second half with
      increase in age. The maximal expiratory flows in our study were significantly
      lower compared to values reported by workers in the West.

PMID- 3709252
TI  - Ventricular parasystole with 2:1 exit block.

PMID- 3709251
TI  - Unusual etiology of cystic lesions in the lung.

PMID- 3709253
TI  - Thallium 201 myocardial imaging. Seeing is believing--believing what?

PMID- 3709254
TI  - Febrile reaction to inhaled acetylcysteine.
AB  - This report describes a hitherto unreported severe reaction to aerosolized
      acetylcysteine (Mucomyst). It was documented by bronchial provocation.

PMID- 3709255
TI  - Recurrence of thymic hyperplasia after trans-sternal thymectomy in myasthenia
      gravis.
AB  - A 23-year-old woman with myasthenia gravis underwent thymectomy in September,
      1975 by a trans-sternal approach for the removal of an hyperplastic gland.
      Surgical intervention was followed by marked improvement of her symptoms. Five
      years later, symptoms recurred. In March, 1982 diagnostic pneumomediastinum
      disclosed an anterosuperior mediastinal mass which, on excision, proved to be an
      hyperplastic thymus. This report confirms previous findings of thymus regrowth
      after surgery. It also demonstrates that surgical techniques using the trans
      sternal approach do not guarantee complete removal of the thymus.

PMID- 3709256
TI  - Primary pulmonary amyloidosis. An unusual case with 14 years' survival.
AB  - A 70-year-old woman had nodular lesions and a right hilar infiltrate visible on
      chest x-ray film. The diagnosis of pulmonary amyloidosis was established by a
      transbronchial lung biopsy. Over the next 14 years, the patient remained
      relatively asymptomatic but developed extensive pulmonary involvement. The case
      illustrates the long and relatively benign course of primary pulmonary
      amyloidosis.

PMID- 3709257
TI  - Cryptococcal pneumonia in a patient with sickle cell disease.
AB  - We present the findings in a patient having sickle cell disease who developed
      multilobar pneumonia. Cultures of bronchial aspirates and histologic specimens
      grew Cryptococcus neoformans. There was neither spontaneous clearing of the
      infection nor a response to bactericidal antibiotics. The patient had no
      underlying malignant neoplasm or immunodeficiency as indicated by history,
      physical examination, and specialized tests of humoral and cell-mediated
      immunity.

PMID- 3709258
TI  - Danger of vasodilator therapy for pulmonary hypertension in patent foramen ovale.
AB  - A 23-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus was found to have severe
      pulmonary hypertension with secondary patency of the foramen ovale. Infusion of
      hydralazine increased the basal right-to-left shunt and resulted in a dramatic
      fall in arterial oxygen pressure, with subsequent irreversible cardiovascular
      collapse. Vasodilator therapy appears to be hazardous in patients with severe
      pulmonary hypertension and patent foramen ovale.

PMID- 3709259
TI  - Postmyocardial infarction left ventricular thrombus. An unusual cause of
      transient intractability of heart failure.
AB  - A case of a transient and huge postanterior acute myocardial infarction left
      ventricular thrombus causing temporary intractability of severe heart failure is
      reported. Echographic and hemodynamic data suggest the restrictive-obliterative
      pattern of heart failure.

PMID- 3709260
TI  - Pulmonary involvement in Sjogren's syndrome.

PMID- 3709261
TI  - Spacer devices.

PMID- 3709262
TI  - Contraindications for chest physiotherapy.

PMID- 3709263
TI  - Loss of fiberoptic laser ferrule.

PMID- 3709264
TI  - Endobronchial streptokinase to dissolve a right mainstem clot.

PMID- 3709265
TI  - V/Q inhomogeneity causes increased physiologic dead space.

PMID- 3709266
TI  - American College of Chest Physicians. 52nd annual scientific assembly. September
      22-26, 1986, San Francisco. Original investigations (abstracts).

PMID- 3709267
TI  - Human pharmacokinetics and distribution in various tissues of ceftriaxone.
AB  - Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone were investigated in 7 patients
      with bronchopneumonia using an intramuscular regimen of 1 g given every 24 h for
      7 days. Serum, sputum, and urine samples were collected serially following the
      first dose (day 1) and last dose (day 7). Mean peak serum concentrations of
      ceftriaxone occurred at 2 h on both days and were 67.8 and 75.1 micrograms/ml,
      respectively, on day 1 and day 7. Ceftriaxone had a half-life of 6.9 h on day 1
      and 7.4 h on day 7. The half-life of ceftriaxone in sputum was 5.9 and 6.6 h,
      respectively, on days 1 and 7. Approximately 50% of the dose of ceftriaxone was
      recovered in the urine within 24 h on day 1, 60% on day 7. Tissue distribution of
      ceftriaxone was determined in 103 patients following intramuscular administration
      of a single 1-gram dose at different times up to 24 h prior to surgery. High
      concentrations of ceftriaxone were found in lung, tonsil, middle ear mucosa, and
      nasal mucosa, and therapeutic levels of ceftriaxone persisted for 24 h after
      administration.

PMID- 3709268
TI  - Ceftriaxone therapy in otolaryngological and pulmonary infections.
AB  - The efficacy of ceftriaxone, 1 g given intramuscularly once daily, was evaluated
      in 38 patients with pneumonia (n = 11), pulmonary empyema (n = 2), bronchitis (n
      = 4), tonsillitis (n = 9), sinusitis (n = 7), and otitis (n = 5). Causative
      organisms were Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 11), viridans type streptococcus (n
      = 1), Haemophilus influenzae (n = 6), group A streptococcus (n = 10),
      Staphylococcus aureus (n = 3), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 2), Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa (n = 1), Escherichia coli (n = 2), Proteus mirabilis (n = 1), and
      Proteus vulgaris (n = 1). Sterilization of infected foci was obtained in 89.4% of
      those treated, with clinical recovery in 86.8%. The ceftriaxone regimen was well
      tolerated.

PMID- 3709269
TI  - Azlocillin serum levels on repetitive dosage in patients with normal and abnormal
      renal function.
AB  - Azlocillin serum concentrations were followed in 9 severely ill patients with
      various degrees of renal dysfunction after single and repetitive dosage. All
      patients were treated concomitantly with a cephalosporin and/or an aminoglycoside
      antibiotic. Elimination halflives (t1/2 beta) were highly variable (62-1, 194
      min), but no significant increase occurred in patients with stable renal function
      during repetitive dosage due to previously described nonlinear pharmacokinetic
      behavior of azlocillin. However, drug accumulation was observed in patients with
      deterioration of renal and hepatic function. The rise in drug accumulation can be
      disproportionally high if both routes of elimination are affected. In such cases,
      careful dosage adjustment of azlocillin is required to avoid toxic side effects.

PMID- 3709270
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of oral co-trimazine and the penetration of its components
      sulfadiazine and trimethoprim into peripheral human lymph.
AB  - Five healthy informed male volunteers received oral doses of 820 mg sulfadiazine
      (SDZ) plus 180 mg trimethoprim (TMP) (co-trimazine) every 24 h. Concentrations in
      serum, peripheral lymph from the leg and urine were determined after the first
      dose, and on the 4th day to reflect approximate steady-state conditions. TMP was
      assayed microbiologically and unchanged SDZ by high-pressure liquid
      chromatography. There was a rise in concentrations from the first dose to the 4th
      day. The rise for SDZ was by a factor of 1.6 in both serum and lymph; the rise
      for TMP was also 1.6 in serum, but 1.5 in lymph. The peak concentrations at
      steady state were 27.7 mg/l (SD) +/- 4.3 SDZ, and 1.6 +/- 0.68 mg/l TMP. The
      serum values at that time were 31.7 +/- 5.8 mg/l SDZ and 2.3 +/- 0.51 mg/l TMP.
      The simultaneous concentrations of both SDZ and TMP were always somewhat lower in
      lymph than in serum, also at the end of the observation periods, i.e. 12 h after
      the first dose and 72 h after the final one. But the serum concentrations of both
      SDZ and TMP were only slightly higher than in lymph. After the final dose, the
      ratio between the 12-hour areas under the concentration curves of lymph and serum
      was 0.68 +/- 0.12 for SDZ and 0.59 +/- 0.14 for TMP. The values after the first
      dose were similar, 0.63 +/- 0.17 and 0.57 +/- 0.05, respectively. The elimination
      half-life in serum during steady state was 16.5 h for SDZ, 8.6 h for acetylated
      SDZ and 9.4 h for TMP. In lymph the corresponding values were 19.2, 19.2 and 8.9
      h.

PMID- 3709271
TI  - The family place children's therapeutic program.

PMID- 3709273
TI  - Research with children in shelters: implications for clinical services.

PMID- 3709272
TI  - Shelter-based parenting services: a skill-building process.

PMID- 3709274
TI  - Experiential therapy for youths: the adventure model.

PMID- 3709275
TI  - Stepping out of foster care into independent living.

PMID- 3709276
TI  - Children in shelters.

PMID- 3709277
TI  - Foster family care review by judicial-citizen panels: an evaluation.
AB  - The findings of this study are mixed. In general, after one year of judicial
      citizen review, there is no clear indication that this alternative to internal
      case review has led to more positive outcomes for children in foster care. This
      finding should be heartening to public child welfare agency personnel whose
      motivation for accountability has been called into question by proponents of
      external foster care review. At least when compared with a new citizen review
      system, the already existing internal review system measured up quite well.
      Although the study did not indicate a clear pattern of more positive outcomes for
      the study group, there is evidence of some favorable characteristics of CRPs that
      may show promise for the future. With additional training in developing
      behaviorally measurable and time-limited parental objectives, citizen panels may
      be able to maintain some of their initial strength in this area. Increased
      involvement of juvenile court judges in cases where little or no progress is made
      could motivate some parents to meet specified objectives and speed up the process
      of terminating parental rights when no progress has been demonstrated within
      specified time periods. The data also indicate a need for some adjustment to the
      process used to involve parents in case reviews. Another potentially positive
      outcome was highlighted during interviews with the juvenile court judges and the
      DFCS staff in the three study counties. Many of these respondents believed that
      the process had the potential for moving children out of foster care more quickly
      than does the internal review process. In addition to this primary goal, however,
      respondents were excited about the potential for heightened community awareness
      and education as citizens come to understand more about the plight of foster
      children and family conditions that can lead to placement. Interviews with panel
      members themselves indicated a definite belief that the community needed to
      accept more responsibility for children in foster care. One panel member's
      comment reflects the general sentiment expressed by other respondents: "These are
      kids we used to call 'those kids,' but now they are 'our kids'." It is hoped that
      the judicial-citizen review process will help to create a community environment
      in which needed resources can be developed both to prevent placement and to
      provide more support for families and children when placement occurs. This is the
      sentiment of the three juvenile court judges and almost all DFCS staff members
      who were interviewed, when they asserted that they felt the CRP process should be
      continued and expanded statewide.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3709278
TI  - Family-centered child welfare services: new life for a historic idea.
AB  - The recent emphasis on permanency planning in child welfare has strengthened the
      resolve of policy makers and service providers to serve the families of dependent
      children better. Permanency planning asks child welfare services either to
      reunite children in care with their families of origin or to find permanent
      substitute families for children, but the goal of a permanent family for every
      child has been much easier to articulate than it has been to achieve.

PMID- 3709279
TI  - A study of 185 foster children 5 years after placement.
AB  - This study's findings are similar to those of other studies. The majority of
      children who enter foster care return to their families within a relatively short
      time. A small group, because of the severity of their problems or those of their
      parents, need extended care. This group of children, over time, form the hard
      core of foster care placements. Our findings also bear out those of others that
      the foster care experience is a relatively stable one for children, with the
      majority having one or two placements while in care. Clearly, the need for and
      use of foster care is frequently misunderstood. The methodology used in research
      studies has gradually improved, adding to objective knowledge about this aspect
      of the child welfare system. Longitudinal studies, such as Jenkins [1967],
      Fanshel and Shinn [1978], and the one reported here, point to the need for
      deeper, more refined studies that examine not only the going and coming of
      children in foster care but the professional service component that can make
      foster care a constructive experience for children placed in it. Meyer issued an
      intelligent and timely challenge to the field of child welfare to give up
      "debates about permanency" and, if it is not too late, to "retrieve child welfare
      from the control of lawyers and MBAs" [1984: 499]. If the profession of social
      work can more clearly define the components of foster care service and can
      differentiate among the children needing care those who can best be served by
      this type of placement, then the field will be well on its way to offering an
      appropriate service for certain children. Attempts to denigrate a potentially
      helpful service for needy children simply destroy one aspect of a complex system.
      A wide range of services is necessary to serve all children appropriately.
      Without this kind of continuum, children are more likely to receive inappropriate
      services and to be placed at risk.

PMID- 3709280
TI  - Nontraditional boys: a minority in need of reassessment.
AB  - Practitioners are often faced with a confusing state of affairs when working with
      nontraditional boys and their families. How existing theory, terminology, and
      assessment techniques contribute to this confusion is examined. Theoretical
      approaches and practical suggestions are offered to assist practitioners in
      working with these boys and their families.

PMID- 3709281
TI  - Integrating reflective and task-oriented techniques in family treatment.
AB  - The author offers a model of family therapy that takes into account the need for
      structural and reflective treatment methods to meet the needs of families.

PMID- 3709282
TI  - Intercountry adoption: helping a young child deal with loss.
AB  - The author details her personal experiences in helping her adopted daughter cope
      with the loss of her biological family and her adjustment to a new culture, and
      offers suggestions for professionals and parents helping young children make
      similar adjustments.

PMID- 3709283
TI  - Learning the hard way: a pilot permanency planning program.
AB  - California's Family Protection Act (FPA) is a forerunner of Public Law 96-272 and
      of the state's permanency planning efforts. The mechanisms for implementing
      judicial and administrative review and delivering new contract and in-agency
      services are discussed, as well as the criteria for receipt of services and the
      changing use of preventive services and foster care. The original implications of
      the chosen mechanisms and their evolution across seven years of permanency
      planning are reviewed.

PMID- 3709284
TI  - "Don't come home again": parental banishment of delinquent youths.
AB  - Through a study of 22 delinquent youths in a correctional school, the author
      examines the factors and conditions that may affect the eventual return of the
      child to the family home.

PMID- 3709285
TI  - The TacVi technique: a tactile-visual method for exploring the self-concept of
      preschool children.
AB  - Efforts to investigate preschool children's self-concept have not been notably
      successful, despite historical interest in the developmental aspects of the self.
      The authors offer the TacVi technique as a tactile and visual method for
      exploring young children's perceptions of themselves in comparison with their
      peers.

PMID- 3709286
TI  - [Preoperative preparation and preliminary studies of free tissue transfer in
      lower leg reconstruction].

PMID- 3709287
TI  - [Microvascular latissimus dorsi transfer. Clinical use including management of
      the site of tissue removal].

PMID- 3709288
TI  - [Drug treatment, after care and secondary interventions following lower leg
      reconstruction by free tissue transfer].

PMID- 3709289
TI  - [Free tissue transfer to the lower extremity--determination of its status].

PMID- 3709290
TI  - [Preoperative prediction of the character of strumas].
AB  - We analyzed prospectively collected preoperative data of 278 goiter patients in
      order to determine predictors of goiter dignity. Aspiration-biopsy-cytology (ABC)
      revealed to be a good predictor as a result of a regression analysis. Its
      predictive value could not be improved significantly by combining ABC-data with
      other preoperative data. Patients with malignant goiters significantly differed
      from those with benign goiters with respect to age distribution, growth duration
      of the goiter and its function and texture, whereas sex distribution, nodularity
      and scintigraphic appearance did not differ significantly in the two groups.

PMID- 3709291
TI  - [Prevention of complications in congenital diaphragmatic defects].
AB  - The mortality rate from congenital diaphragmatic hernia is not much better than
      it was 25 years ago. Most children, who are more than 24 hours of age at
      operation, survive. On the first day of life postoperative mortality is about
      47%. Pediatric surgical problems are stabilization of the diaphragm and abdominal
      decompression. Some risk patients may be brought out of the fatal zone by high
      frequency ventilatory support and pharmacologic reversal of the fetal
      circulation. The most important causes of death are pulmonary hypoplasia with
      abnormal pulmonary vascular reactivity and persistent fetal circulation,
      iatrogenic pneumothorax, interstitial emphysema, mediastinal shifting with
      subsequent pulmonary hypertension and right to left shunting, and associated
      cardiac malformations.

PMID- 3709292
TI  - [Endometriosis-induced sigmoid stenosis].

PMID- 3709293
TI  - [Patient information about unknown risks].

PMID- 3709294
TI  - [Transplantation of the spleen--status determination].

PMID- 3709295
TI  - [Effects of splenectomy].

PMID- 3709296
TI  - [Staging of splenic rupture--surgical consequences in childhood].

PMID- 3709297
TI  - [Intraoperative orthograde intestinal irrigation. On a method used in colonic
      surgical emergencies].
AB  - With the help of intraoperative orthograde irrigation of the colon it is possible
      to handle emergency abdominal colectomies like elective operations of the colon.
      The resection of the large bowel following the intraoperative orthograde
      irrigation is determined by the causal malady as cancer, diverticulitis and
      perforation. Lymphadenectomy and colonic resection with primary anastomosis
      succeeded without preventative colostomy. One of the nine, mostly geriatric
      patients undergoing an emergency resection of the left colon or rectosigmoid died
      of pulmonary embolism. No typical complications as anastomotic leakage or
      disturbance of wound healing ensued, common morbidity came to four of the nine
      patients. For the intraoperative orthograde irrigation of the colon accurate
      surgical engineering and tactics are absolutely necessary as described. It is
      possible to renounce the radical colectomy, colostomy and staged procedures in
      the treatment of emergency colon resection.

PMID- 3709298
TI  - [Benign strictures of the bile ducts. Significance of adequate bile duct drainage
      for the prognosis and course of this disease].
AB  - Ninety-five patients with benign biliary strictures are presented in this study.
      All underwent reconstructive biliary surgery, either for proximal biliary
      strictures (Group A; 38 patients) or for distal biliary strictures (Group B; 57
      patients). The type of bypass was individualized according to each patient's
      mechanical and anatomical characteristics as were assessed in our
      cholangiographic findings. For group A we used either a proximal to the stricture
      intrahepatic cholangiojejunostomy between Roux-en-Y jejunal loop and the main
      right or left hepatic ducts or multiple intrahepatic cholangiojejunostomies
      between segmental hepatic ducts and a Roux-en-Y jejunal loop. For Group B we
      chose between a choledocho- or hepaticoduodenostomy and a choledocho- or
      hepaticojejunostomy. There were three deaths due to sepsis, one in patients of
      group A and two among those of group B. Long-term results were satisfactory. None
      of our patients during a mean six year follow-up underwent further surgery for
      reasons related with either his/her operation or disease.

PMID- 3709299
TI  - [Acute compartment syndrome following snake bite].
AB  - The experience with snake bites, causing local complications is discussed.
      Whenever systemic envenomation occurs, antivenin is the treatment of choice.
      Tissue necroses are treated by early debridement and a possible closed
      compartment syndrome demands the open fasciotomy.

PMID- 3709300
TI  - [Simplified procedure for cold preservation of human parathyroid gland tissue for
      replantation].
AB  - A simplified technique for cryopreservation of human parathyroid tissue is
      described. It allows to achieve the same quality of tissue than using the
      programmable expensive freezing method which is usually employed up to now.
      Cryovials are placed in a methanol bath. The temperature is decreased by -1
      degree C/min down to -25 degrees C, thereafter by -10 degrees C/min down to -70
      degrees C by repeated adding of cryo ice-cubes into the methanol. Thereafter the
      vials are stored in LN2. The temperature lowering is controlled by a stop watch
      and a thermometer in a reference vial. This simple and cheap technique may allow
      a more general application of cryopreservation in surgery of hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 3709301
TI  - [Ileus caused by intestinal transport of hashish. A contribution to the knowledge
      of the so-called body packer syndrome].

PMID- 3709302
TI  - [The anchoring rod and stress priming as new principles in cementless prosthetic
      retention].

PMID- 3709303
TI  - [Reproachable treatment errors. A 10-year evaluation by the Northern Rhine
      Forensic Commission].

PMID- 3709304
TI  - [The physician's responsibility in patient education in intestinal endoscopy.
      Reference to life-threatening perforations].

PMID- 3709305
TI  - Denaturation, renaturation, and loss of DNA during in situ hybridization
      procedures.
AB  - With the aim of optimizing in situ hybridization methods, alkaline, acid, and
      thermal denaturation procedures have been studied for their ability to separate
      the DNA strands of nuclear DNA and for the DNA losses they induce. Isolated
      methanol/acetic acid-fixed mouse liver nuclei have been used as a biological
      object. The results, obtained with acridine orange staining and microfluorometry,
      show that all denaturations studied lead to almost complete strand separation.
      Quantitative DNA staining and cytometry indicated that with heat and alkaline
      denaturation about 40% of the DNA is lost. Acid denaturation led to about 20% DNA
      loss. For the alkaline denaturation, the DNA retention could be improved to a 20%
      DNA loss by adding 70% ethanol to the denaturation medium. During hybridization,
      another 20% DNA loss occurs. When denatured nuclei are brought under annealing
      conditions, a rapid renaturation of a considerable fraction of the remaining DNA
      occurs. The extent of renaturation was dependent on the type of denaturation
      used. For the ethanolic alkaline denaturation, it was estimated to be 35%.
      Quantitative nonautoradiographic in situ hybridization experiments with
      acetylaminofluorene-modified mouse satellite DNA showed that alkaline
      denaturation procedures are superior to the heat and acid denaturation. As proven
      by acridine orange fluorescence measurements, hybridization conditions can be
      designed that permit DNA.RNA hybridization under in situ DNA.DNA denaturing
      conditions. These conditions should be very useful, especially for in situ
      hybridization with single-stranded RNA probes.

PMID- 3709306
TI  - Modification of a laser-based flow cytometer for high-resolution DNA analysis of
      mammalian spermatozoa.
AB  - Modification of a Coulter EPICS V orthogonal laser-based flow cytometer/cell
      sorter allows resolution of X and Y mammalian sperm populations based on DNA
      content. The modification consists of beveling the sample injection tube situated
      in the flow chamber, adding a second fluorescence detector directly forward along
      the laser beam axis, and routing the collected fluorescence through an optical
      fiber bundle to one of the existing photomultiplier tubes. The X and Y chromosome
      bearing spermatozoa from the bull, boar, and ram can be resolved using this
      system.

PMID- 3709307
TI  - Count-dependent filter for smoothing bivariate FCM histograms.
AB  - A data-smoothing filter has been developed that permits the improvement in
      accuracy of individual elements of a bivariate flow cytometry (FCM) histogram by
      making use of data from adjacent elements, a knowledge of the two-dimensional
      measurement system point spread function (PSF), and the local count density. For
      FCM data, the PSF is assumed to be a set of two-dimensional Gaussian functions
      with a constant coefficient of variation for each axis. A set of space variant
      smoothing kernels are developed from the basic PSF by adjusting the orthogonal
      standard deviations of each Gaussian smoothing kernel according to the local
      count density. This adjustment in kernel size matches the degree of smoothing to
      the local reliability of the data. When the count density is high, a small kernel
      is sufficient. When the density is low, however, a broader kernel should be used.
      The local count density is taken from a region defined by the measurement PSF.
      The smoothing algorithm permits the reduction in statistical fluctuations present
      in bivariate FCM histograms due to the low count densities often encountered in
      some elements. This reduction in high-frequency spatial noise aids in the visual
      interpretation of the data. Additionally, by making more efficient use of smaller
      samples, systematic errors due to system drift may be minimized.

PMID- 3709308
TI  - Mitochondrial uptake of rhodamine 123 by rabbit articular chondrocytes.
AB  - Rhodamine 123 was used to stain and analyze by flow cytometry the mitochondria of
      rabbit articular chondrocytes. Stationary primary cultures and exponentially
      growing subcultures were compared to enzymatically released chondrocytes from
      cartilage. The increase in mitochondrial fluorescence, when chondrocytes are
      transferred from cartilage to culture environment, is suggestive of some change
      in chondrocyte adaptation and/or differentiation in these conditions.

PMID- 3709309
TI  - G2 arrest, binucleation, and single-parameter DNA flow cytometric analysis.
AB  - One important facet of flow cytometry involves the effects of pharmacological
      agents on cell cycle progression. Comparative G2 fraction perturbations were
      examined: effects of sodium butyrate on articular chondrocytes, effects of an
      antineoplastic agent (SOAZ) and an antirheumatic drug (D-penicillamine) on HeLa
      cells. Even though DNA flow cytometric analysis detects preferentially an
      induction of G2 arrest, the mode of action of these agents on the cell cycle is
      different. Sodium butyrate and D-penicillamine lead to an increase of binucleate
      cells due to cytokinesis perturbation. Because of similar fluorescence intensity,
      distinguishing G2 from binucleate GO/1 cells is not easily possible using DNA
      content measurement and reflects a failure of flow cytometry in the detection of
      binucleate cells. Rapid cell cycle analysis of single cells should contribute
      greatly to the study of pharmacological interactions, but DNA flow cytometric
      measurements obtained from cultured cells exposed to certain agents must be
      cautiously interpreted because those may interact on cytokinesis and induce
      artefacts in histogram interpretation.

PMID- 3709310
TI  - Graphical presentation of multidimensional flow histogram using hexagonal
      segmentation.
AB  - Improvements in the method of presenting a multidimensional histogram for flow
      cytometric data are described. Two-dimensional data were systematically quantized
      into hexagonal subareas, which facilitated an accurate presentation of the
      distribution with a smaller number of bins and sample cells.

PMID- 3709311
TI  - Cell-cooling in flow cytometry by Peltier elements.
AB  - We have built a cooling device for cell suspensions in flow cytometry that makes
      use of the Peltier effect (Barnard RD, Thermo electricity in Metals and Alloys,
      Taylor and Francis, London; Siemens-Z 34:383-88, 1963). The prototype described
      here is used for cooling collection tubes during long-duration cell sorting and
      is capable of maintaining a temperature of 2-5 degrees C in a cell suspension of
      up to 3 ml. In general, Peltier element-based cooling is useful for equilibrating
      the temperature of small volumes of fluids. Furthermore, Peltier element-based
      cooling devices are easy to build and handle.

PMID- 3709312
TI  - Measurement of ligand binding, E-BSA-FITC.

PMID- 3709313
TI  - Radical surgical approach to radiation injury of the small bowel.
AB  - During a period of 12 years, 52 patients without tumor recurrence were treated
      for chronic radiation injury to the small bowel. Eighteen patients also had
      concomitant large bowel injuries. Forty-seven patients were treated surgically,
      42 of whom presented with obstruction, necrosis, or perforation of the bowel and
      had emergency operations. Thirty-eight patients underwent wide resection of the
      injured bowel, and six had bypass procedures. Anastomotic leakage occurred in 6
      percent of the patients. The operative morbidity rate was 34 percent, and the
      mortality rate, 9 percent. Based on this experience, when surgery for small
      intestinal radiation injury is mandatory, the procedure should be a generous
      small bowel resection whenever possible, and probably should be performed only by
      experienced surgeons.

PMID- 3709314
TI  - Local excision of rectal cancer.
AB  - A review of 282 patients with carcinoma of the rectum treated by local excision
      suggests that some patients are best managed and perhaps preferably managed by
      local means. In situ cancer is treated adequately by local excision regardless of
      size or grade. Well-differentiated lesions, particularly those less than 3 cm in
      diameter, probably are managed best by local excision. Moderately or poorly
      differentiated lesions, regardless of size, probably are managed best by radical
      techniques until more information is available to document results with local
      excision.

PMID- 3709315
TI  - Metachronous colorectal cancer. Time interval to presentation of a metachronous
      cancer.
AB  - A retrospective review of 1888 colorectal cancer patients demonstrated 37
      metachronous cancers in 30 patients for a metachronous cancer rate of 1.6
      percent. Evaluation of the index cancers consisted of the traditional single
      contrast barium enema and proctoscopic evaluation. Forty percent of the
      metachronous cancers appeared within two years of the index cancer. If the
      minimum length of the polyp-cancer sequence is three to five years, then this
      represents a failure of a traditional preoperative evaluation. A more sensitive
      evaluation potentially could decrease the metachronous cancer rate. Colonoscopy,
      which has been found to be more accurate in detecting synchronous neoplasms,
      should be included in the evaluation of all patients with colorectal cancers.

PMID- 3709317
TI  - Anorectal pressure in patients with symptomatic hemorrhoids.
AB  - This study was carried out on 30 patients with symptomatic internal hemorrhoids
      and 20 normal controls. The anal sphincter pressure was studied before and after
      surgery. A significantly high anal pressure was found in all patients with
      symptomatic internal hemorrhoids, when compared with normal controls, and there
      was no relation between this increase and the degree of hemorrhoids. One week
      following surgery, this high pressure was reduced significantly and was not
      affected by the type of operation. Thus, this increase in resting anal pressure
      is due to an overactivity of the internal hemorrhoids, which is secondary to the
      presence of the hemorrhoidal mass.

PMID- 3709316
TI  - Colorectal adenomas. Distribution, incidence of malignant transformation, and
      rate of recurrence.
AB  - In 282 patients, 731 colon polyps (643 adenomas and 88 hyperplastic polyps) were
      extirpated endoscopically or biopsied and investigated histologically.
      Localization of the adenomas with various degrees of atypia and the hyperplastic
      polyps, as well as their size distribution, were determined. In 66 patients with
      adenoma polypectomy on the first examination, one or more control colonoscopies
      were carried out (in all, 107). The median period of follow-up observation was 31
      months. Thirty percent of the one-year control colonoscopies after polypectomy
      revealed new adenomas. The statistical analyses showed that patients with
      singular adenomas, on initial investigation, develop significantly fewer adenomas
      in the further course than patients with multiple initial findings, especially in
      negative results in the one-year control. The size of new adenomas found during
      the first 24 months after polypectomy does not exceed 10 mm. On the basis of
      these results and the literature data available so far, a follow-up program is
      presented for discussion.

PMID- 3709318
TI  - Sabin-Feldman dye test in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
AB  - The prevalence of Toxoplasma infection among patients with inflammatory bowel
      disease was studied. The Sabin-Feldman dye test was performed on 35 patients with
      Crohn's disease, 44 patients with ulcerative colitis, and 140 control patients. A
      higher incidence of positive reactions was found in Crohn's disease patients over
      the age of 40 (P less than 0.05). All other factors showed no significant
      differences among the three groups of patients. These factors include age younger
      than 40 years, sex, duration of disease, extent of disease, and type of
      treatment. It is concluded that there is no correlation between inflammatory
      bowel diseases and toxoplasmosis. Toxoplasma infection, however, should be
      considered in patients with Crohn's disease who are over 40 years old, and who
      present with nonspecific signs of intercurrent infection.

PMID- 3709319
TI  - Total colonic ischemia.
AB  - The involvement of the entire colon in an ischemic process is unusual because of
      the dual source of blood supply to the large bowel. Three cases of total ischemic
      colitis are presented. A precipitating cause to account for the distribution of
      ischemia was identified in each patient.

PMID- 3709320
TI  - The nutritional consequences and neoplastic potential of juvenile polyposis coli.
AB  - Case reports of three teenage patients with nonfamilial diffuse juvenile
      polyposis are presented to illustrate the considerable morbidity and significant
      growth retardation that may occur. Although generally considered to have no
      malignant potential, histologic findings revealed features ranging from
      adenomatous change to severe dysplasia. It is suggested that a conservative
      approach may not always be appropriate in this condition.

PMID- 3709321
TI  - Solitary rectal ulcer. Electron microscopy study of two cases.
AB  - Two cases of solitary rectal ulcer syndrome occurred in an 18-year-old woman and
      a 24-year-old man. Each had a history of bleeding on defecation, together with
      constipation alternating with diarrhea. In each case, a solitary rectal ulcer was
      noted by sigmoidoscopy and confirmed by both light and electron microscopic
      evaluations of biopsy material. Both clinical and pathologic features of these
      cases are compatible with classic rectal ulcer syndrome, which has been suggested
      to result from trauma followed by an ischemic event leading to fibrosis of the
      mucosa. Fibrosis in these two cases was confirmed by electron microscopy.

PMID- 3709322
TI  - Leiomyosarcoma of the rectum. Report of a case and review of the literature.
AB  - A case of leiomyosarcoma of the rectum is presented and followed by a review of
      135 cases from the literature. The five- and ten-year survival figures were the
      same whether the patient was treated by radical or local excision; however, local
      excision was followed by 67.5 percent recurrence. Abdominoperineal resection is
      still the procedure of choice. Local excision might be considered for small
      tumors of low-grade malignancy in a poor-risk patient.

PMID- 3709323
TI  - A new rapid gastrin radioimmunoassay.
AB  - A 45-min gastrin assay with a minimum detection limit of 50 pg/ml plasma has been
      developed which makes use of delayed addition of labeled tracer. The precision of
      the rapid assay compares favorably with standard methods for measurement of
      plasma gastrin concentrations in excess of 100 pg/ml. The rapid method can be
      used for emergency preoperative diagnosis of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and as an
      aid in localizing gastrinomas before or during surgery.

PMID- 3709324
TI  - Epithelial cell renewal and turnover and relationship to morphologic
      abnormalities in jejunal mucosa in tropical sprue.
AB  - A morphometric study confirmed that increasing severity of the jejunal mucosal
      morphologic lesion is accompanied by increased crypt height and reduced villus
      length in patients with tropical sprue. Mitotic activity in the crypts was
      increased. Pulse labeling of jejunal mucosal biopsies cultured in vitro with
      [3H]thymidine confirmed that there was increased uptake of label in tropical
      sprue with more rapid migration of labeled cells to the villi. The label was also
      lost more rapidly. Earlier ultrastructural studies have shown enterocyte damage
      and extrusion in the crypt and villus epithelium. The present data suggest that
      in the jejunal mucosa of patients with tropical sprue, the loss of damaged
      enterocytes leads to villus shortening and increased cell production in the
      crypts, with hypertrophy of the crypts.

PMID- 3709326
TI  - Clinical significance of concurrent hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody
      positivity.
AB  - Over a period of 30 months, 64 patients with concurrently positive hepatitis B
      surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody (anti-HBs) were identified at two
      institutions. When all assays were considered, 23.9% of HBsAg-positive
      individuals exhibited anti-HBs. Both persistent HBsAg/anti-HBs positivity and
      variable changes in antigen or antibody status were observed among the 36
      patients with follow-up beyond six months. When compared to a control group,
      these patients did not exhibit differences in risk factors for acquiring
      hepatitis B or in clinical and histological diagnoses. Concurrent HBsAg and anti
      HBs was present at detection in 25 patients, while antibody appeared in the
      remaining 11 subjects. Subsequently, it was undetectable in seven of these 36
      patients; no clinical changes occurred at the time of acquisition or loss of the
      antibody. The titer of the antibody was below 10 mIU/ml in 75% of these
      individuals. In 10 patients, the subtype of HBsAg was ad, while the anti-HBs was
      anti-y. Concurrent HBsAg and anti-HBs is a pattern frequently observed throughout
      the spectrum of hepatitis B-related events. The heterotypic antibody in these
      patients is of a low titer, and its appearance or disappearance is not associated
      with changes in the clinical course; simultaneous HBsAg/anti-HBs positivity does
      not appear to reflect a distinct clinical entity.

PMID- 3709325
TI  - Effect of ethanol ingestion on postprandial gastric emptying and secretion,
      biliopancreatic secretions, and duodenal absorption in man.
AB  - Although abdominal complaints are frequent in both acute and chronic alcoholism,
      little is known of the effect of ingestion of ethanol with a meal on the function
      of the upper digestive tract. We have studied the effects of oral ethanol (1 g/kg
      body wt) taken with food on the gastric emptying rate of a solid-liquid meal as
      measured by a dual radioisotope technique in six normal subjects; and the gastric
      response (emptying and secretion), biliopancreatic secretions, and duodenal
      nutrient absorption after an homogenized meal, as evaluated by a gastroduodenal
      intubation-marker perfusion technique on seven healthy volunteers. In the latter
      experiments, radioimmunoassays of gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin, pancreatic
      polypeptide, motilin, somatostatin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, and
      vasoactive intestinal polypeptide were performed serially. As compared with the
      control experiment, alcohol induced the following effects: marked delay of
      gastric emptying of solids, smaller slowing effect on gastric emptying of the
      liquid phase of the solid-liquid meal and of the homogenized meal; no significant
      change in gastric acid secretion; no change in the overall postprandial
      pancreatic enzyme outputs, but a delay of lipase secretion; no change in the
      early bile salt postprandial output, but a reduced bile salt secretion from the
      second postprandial hour onwards; no significant change in carbohydrate and lipid
      duodenal absorption; and a significantly greater postcibal gastrin release. The
      mechanisms for these effects of alcohol on upper digestive tract function remain
      to be clarified.

PMID- 3709327
TI  - Endoscopic measurement of gastric corpus mucosal blood flow in conscious dogs.
AB  - This study reports the feasibility of applying the hydrogen gas clearance
      technique with 3% hydrogen in air and platinum contact electrode to measure
      corpus mucosal blood flow in conscious dogs. Three percent hydrogen in air is
      safe and does not produce hypoxia during inhalation. A specially prepared, six
      inch polyvinyl chloride pipe was used as a bite-block. The platinum contact
      electrode, attached to (but not within) a soft rubber suction cup, was passed
      into the stomach with the aid of a gastroscope. Because of gastric contractions,
      low, continuous suction was required to maintain the electrode in contact with
      the corpus mucosa. Stable baseline corpus mucosal blood flow measurements were
      obtained on control and experimental days in five of 10 dogs. In these five dogs
      during 2 micrograms/kg/hr pentagastrin infusion, which induced submaximal acid
      secretion, corpus mucosal blood flow and gastric acid output were increased
      significantly (P less than 0.05) by 26 +/- 4% and 238 +/- 79%, respectively.
      These increases were similar to those previously observed in anesthetized rats,
      cats, rabbits, and dogs. In an anesthetized rat study, the measurement of corpus
      mucosal blood flow was found to be unaffected by the low continuous suction.
      Since the use of 3% hydrogen in air is safe, the technique deserves to be further
      evaluated in human studies.

PMID- 3709328
TI  - Determination of acid-neutralizing capacity in rat duodenum. Influences of 16,16
      dimethyl prostaglandin E2 and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs.
AB  - A model involving measurement of duodenal pH and acid-neutralizing capacity has
      been devised in anesthetized rats. A duodenal loop was made between the pyloric
      ring and the area just proximal to the outlet of the common bile duct (2 cm) and
      was perfused at a flow rate of 1.3 ml/min with HCl solution (1 X 10(-4) M, pH
      4.0) made isotonic with NaCl. The pH of duodenal perfusate was continuously
      measured using a pH glass electrode of the flow type, and the amount of acid
      neutralized in the loop was titrated to pH 4.0 using a pH-stat method and by
      adding 10 mM HCl. Under normal conditions, the duodenal pH was kept around 6.0 as
      the result of neutralization in the loop (approximately 9 mu eq/hr). Subcutaneous
      administration of 16,16-dmPGE2 (10 micrograms/kg) significantly elevated the pH
      and increased acid-neutralizing capacity to 168.3% of normal levels. In contrast,
      indomethacin (5 mg/kg) and aspirin (200 mg/kg) as cyclooxygenase inhibitors or
      quinacrine (100 mg/kg) as a phospholipase A2 inhibitor significantly decreased
      both the pH and acid neutralizing capacity. After sacrifice with saturated KCl
      (intravenously), the pH decreased to 4.3 +/- 0.2 and the neutralizing capacity
      was reduced to 30% of normal values. Basal HCO3- secretion in the proximal
      duodenum (approximately 5 mu eq/hr), when titrated to pH 7.4, was significantly
      stimulated by 16,16-dmPGE2 and exposure of the mucosa for 10 min to 10 mM HCl.
      Neither indomethacin, aspirin, nor quinacrine had any effect on basal HCO3-
      secretion, but all significantly inhibited HCl-stimulated HCO3-
      secretion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3709329
TI  - Electrical and contractile behavior of large intestinal musculature of piebald
      mouse model for Hirschsprung's disease.
AB  - These studies were directed toward better characterization of the abnormalities
      of motor function in the large intestine of mutant mice with congenital
      aganglionosis and megacolon. Analysis of pressure-volume relations in the
      megacolon and aganglionic terminal segment showed increased intestinal wall
      compliance in the dilated colon and reduced wall compliance in the aganglionic
      region as compared to normal littermates. Migrating contractile complexes
      occurred spontaneously in ganglionated regions of the large intestine of both
      normal and mutant mice, but never propagated into the aganglionic segment of the
      abnormal bowel. Tetrodotoxin eliminated the migrating complexes and increased
      random spontaneous contractions in all areas except the aganglionic region.
      Circular muscle tension was reduced by electrical field stimulation, and
      poststimulus rebound contractions occurred in all ganglionated regions of the
      intestine of both normal and mutant mice. No responses to electrical stimulation
      occurred in the aganglionic segments of the preparations from mutant mice. The
      poststimulus responses "fatigued" at a faster rate in the megacolonic region of
      the abnormal bowel than in the equivalent region of the normal bowel, when evoked
      repetitively over prolonged time periods. There were no differences between the
      intestines of normal and mutant mice in latency, amplitude, duration, or area
      under the contractile curves of the poststimulus responses. Intracellular
      electrical recording from circular muscle fibers revealed slow depolarizing
      potentials with action potentials at the crests in all regions of the large bowel
      from both normal and abnormal mice. It also showed excitatory and inhibitory
      junction potentials in response to electrical stimulation. Inhibitory junction
      potentials summated during repetitive stimulation and postinhibitory rebound
      excitation occurred after offset of the stimulation. Stimulus-evoked junction
      potentials were recorded in all regions of the large intestine except in the
      aganglionic segment of the mutant mice. We concluded that most of the electrical
      and mechanical behavior of the aganglionic terminal segment reflected the absence
      of inhibitory innervation of the musculature in this region.

PMID- 3709330
TI  - Proximal jejunal intussusception associated with a long tube.
AB  - An intussusception of the small intestine in association with a long tube usually
      occurs in the vicinity of the mercury-filled bag and can be visualized
      radiographically by instilling barium directly into the tube. On rare occasions,
      an intussusception develops in the proximal jejunum and is difficult to
      recognize. We report the fifth and sixth cases of a proximal jejunal
      intussusception with a long tube in situ and outline a clinical approach that
      facilitates a prompt, accurate diagnosis. A proximal jejunal intussusception
      should be suspected if copious bilious vomiting and abdominal pain occur
      following intubation of the small intestine with a long tube.

PMID- 3709331
TI  - Benign lymphoid hyperplasia of gastric antrum.

PMID- 3709333
TI  - Carcinoma and anemia.

PMID- 3709332
TI  - Misconceptions regarding choledochoduodenostomy.

PMID- 3709334
TI  - Hemoccult screening.

PMID- 3709335
TI  - "Cytoprotection"--define it or dispose of it.

PMID- 3709336
TI  - Pharmacokinetic basis for antenatal dosing of phenobarbital for the prevention of
      neonatal intracerebral hemorrhage.
AB  - The transplacental and elimination pharmacokinetics of phenobarbital administered
      antenatally was analyzed in both mothers and infants as part of a study
      evaluating the efficacy of antenatally administered phenobarbital in the
      prevention of neonatal intracerebral hemorrhage. Twenty-five pregnant women in
      labor less than 35 weeks' gestation received 500 mg phenobarbital administered
      intravenously. The maternal serum phenobarbital level at delivery was 8.76 +/-
      1.99 micrograms/ml and cord serum phenobarbital level was 9.0 +/- 1.75
      micrograms/ml (all values are mean +/- SD). There was no correlation between the
      time from phenobarbital administration to delivery (5.6 +/- 4.6 h) and the
      cord:maternal serum phenobarbital ratio (1.05 +/- 0.21) (r = -0.03; p greater
      than 0.05). The mean apparent half-life of phenobarbital estimated in 11 infants
      was 175.5 +/- 45.6 h. The present study documents the ability to predict serum
      levels in the fetus and neonate from the serum concentrations achieved in the
      mother.

PMID- 3709337
TI  - Tobramycin pharmacokinetics in premature identical twins during newborn period.
AB  - Tobramycin is frequently used in premature infants but little is known about its
      pharmacokinetics in identical twins during the newborn period. We studied 6 twin
      infants (gestational age 29-31 weeks; postnatal age 3-4 days; birth weight 1.0
      1.3 kg) receiving tobramycin 2.5 mg/kg i.v. over 20 min every 12-18 h. Steady
      state peak and trough serum concentrations of tobramycin were in the range of 5.3
      8.4 and 1.2-2.0 micrograms/ml, respectively. Total clearance (ClT) ranged from
      0.74 to 1.19 ml/min/kg, distribution volume (V) from 0.74 to 0.94 liter/kg, and
      elimination half-life (t1/2) from 8.2 to 12.8 h. Comparison of data between
      infants in three identical twin pairs showed that despite a similar infusion
      method: (a) the time to achieve peak serum concentration ranged from 0.5 to 2.0
      h; (b) the peak and trough concentrations normalized for dose varied from 0 to
      50%, and (c) the ClT, V and t1/2 varied from 3 to 20%. These data should be
      considered in therapeutic drug monitoring of tobramycin in premature, identical
      twins during the newborn period.

PMID- 3709338
TI  - Unexpected alterations in fentanyl pharmacokinetics in children undergoing
      cardiac surgery: age related or disease related?
AB  - We assessed the pharmacokinetics of fentanyl in 19 infants and children
      undergoing cardiac surgery for correction of tetralogy of Fallot, A-V-canal and
      transposition of the great arteries. Distribution T1/2 (10.2 +/- 2.4 min) and
      total body clearance (13.3 +/- 6.5 ml/kg/min) were similar to adult values. An
      elimination t1/2 (102 +/- 85 min) shorter than in adults is readily explained by
      the significantly smaller distribution volume of the drug (1,203 +/- 777 ml/kg).
      Good correlation was found between distribution volume (Vss) and elimination t1/2
      (r = 0.86, p less than 0.01) and between Vss and age of patients with tetralogy
      of Fallot (r = 0.85, p less than 0.01). However, older children with Fallot's had
      higher values of PO2 due to a milder condition (r = 0.89, p less than 0.01);
      consequently PO2 correlated positively with Vss (r = 0.76, p = 0.05). Fentanyl
      total body clearance (TBC) tends to decrease with age in these patients (r =
      0.66, p = 0.05) similar to noncardiac children. Our studies suggest that the
      alterations in the distribution volume of fentanyl in these children may largely
      depend upon the severity of the hemodynamic disturbance whereas TBC of the drug
      may depend on their age.

PMID- 3709339
TI  - A new method of DNA sequencing using deoxynucleoside alpha-thiotriphosphates.
AB  - A new procedure for determining DNA nucleotide sequences is reported. In the
      first step of the method, four DNAs, each separately substituted with a different
      deoxynucleoside phosphorothioate in place of the corresponding monophosphate, are
      prepared by template-directed polymerization catalyzed by DNA polymerase. In the
      second step, these DNAs are subjected to stringent exonuclease III treatment,
      which produces only fragments terminating with a phosphorothioate internucleotide
      linkage. These can then be separated by standard gel electrophoresis techniques
      and the sequence can be read directly as in presently used sequencing methods.

PMID- 3709340
TI  - [Interaction of regulatory genes A and E and gene-modifiers during inhibition of
      melanogenesis in wool-producing sheep].

PMID- 3709341
TI  - [Ability of interferons (leukocyte and recombinant alpha2) to protect DNA and
      stimulate repair processes in human cells].

PMID- 3709342
TI  - [Sodium fluorescein-sensitized fluorescent diagnosis of malignant neoplasms].

PMID- 3709343
TI  - [The structure of high-density lipoproteins in arterial and venous blood in
      myocardial infarction].

PMID- 3709344
TI  - [Relation between various ranges of bioelectrical activity in the human brain].

PMID- 3709345
TI  - [Dynamics of the membrane-bound calcium level in snail command neurons during
      tactile stimulation].

PMID- 3709346
TI  - Compatibility of intravenous drugs in a coronary intensive care unit.
AB  - In a coronary intensive care unit (CCU) it is often necessary to utilize
      extensive pharmacologic interventions and multiple intravenous medications in
      order to stabilize a critically ill patient. However, the necessity of several
      intravenous infusions often presents the problem of compatibility of these
      medications when infused within a common line. The pharmacist must possess
      adequate skill to identify potential incompatibilities by retrieving information
      on the physical and chemical compatibilities of various intravenous medications.
      In a critical care setting, time is an important factor, and information that can
      be obtained rapidly and reliably is vital for the pharmacist to prevent the
      administration of an irritating substance or a medication that has undergone
      deterioration as a result of chemical inactivation. A compatibility table
      containing the most commonly used drugs in a CCU has been developed based on
      currently available literature, including standard reference texts, about these
      medications. The table outlines the potential for interactions, within a single
      intravenous line, when several drugs are infused concurrently. In addition, a
      review of the concepts of physical and chemical incompatibility is presented. The
      stability of an admixture is defined utilizing requirements established in the
      USP NF monographs and manufacturers' specifications. The resulting table
      concisely organizes vital information in a form that allows rapid, accessible
      information to the pharmacist in a critical care setting, where it is most
      needed.

PMID- 3709347
TI  - Influence of infusion methods on therapeutic drug monitoring in pediatric
      patients.
AB  - The purpose of this article is to emphasize the importance of infusion method on
      therapeutic drug monitoring in pediatric patients. Although effective serum
      concentrations are anticipated after intravenous infusion of drugs, studies with
      chloramphenicol and tobramycin have shown that the infusion method can have a
      profound influence on peak serum concentration and time to achieve peak
      concentration during therapy. Factors including infusion rate, injection site,
      volume of drug and fluid to be infused in the tubing, and type of infusion system
      should be considered for accurate drug delivery. Specific guidelines for drug
      infusions should be available at each institution. Since serum concentration
      predictions are based on the dose infused and infusion time, meaningful
      therapeutic monitoring data can be generated only with the understanding of the
      influence of infusion method on serum concentration-time profile of drugs.

PMID- 3709348
TI  - Nifedipine-induced hypokalemia.
AB  - Nifedipine, a calcium-channel blocking agent, has been reported to cause many
      side effects, particularly in the cardiovascular system. A case of nifedipine
      induced hypokalemia is presented, with a discussion on the presumable mechanism
      involved in this phenomenon.

PMID- 3709349
TI  - Nausea and vomiting possibly associated with intravenous acyclovir.
AB  - Nausea and vomiting have not been clearly associated with parenteral acyclovir.
      We report a pediatric patient who developed nausea and vomiting apparently
      associated with intravenous acyclovir therapy. The child received acyclovir (1500
      mg/m2/d) for treatment of recurrent varicella zoster with possible dissemination.
      Nausea and vomiting could be attributed only to acyclovir therapy. Discontinuing
      the drug resulted in a resolution of the adverse symptoms. Adverse effects of
      parenteral acyclovir can mimic the early manifestations of Reye's syndrome, which
      is an important consideration in children with viral infections. It is necessary
      to distinguish the cause of nausea and vomiting for proper management of
      patients.

PMID- 3709350
TI  - Oral contraceptives and griseofulvin interactions.

PMID- 3709351
TI  - Comment: Switching MAO inhibitors.

PMID- 3709352
TI  - The interdisciplinary nature of medication errors.

PMID- 3709353
TI  - Progress in pediatric drug therapy.

PMID- 3709354
TI  - Pharmacist involvement in Norwegian clinical drug trials: a questionnaire study.
AB  - In order to survey the involvement of pharmacists in clinical drug trials (CDTs)
      in Norway, a questionnaire was submitted to all community pharmacies (288),
      pharmacy departments in hospitals (98), and pharmaceutical companies (52). The
      response rate was 81, 73, and 64 percent, respectively. Community pharmacies had
      minimal involvement, while 34 percent of the pharmacy departments had taken part
      in one or more CDTs annually 1980-1982. During the same three-year period, 393
      trials had been started by the responding companies. Within the pharmaceutical
      industry 41 percent of the CDT staff were pharmacists. Pharmacists in 48 percent
      of community pharmacies and 96 percent of pharmacy departments in hospitals
      considered CDTs a pharmaceutical task. However, none of the community pharmacists
      and less than half of the hospital pharmacists said they had knowledge of CDT
      methodology. We recommend that pharmacists should be more extensively engaged in
      CDTs. Their participation should not be limited to traditional pharmaceutical
      work, but should include CDT planning and monitoring. This in turn requires
      education in CDT methodology, which should be included in the compulsary
      pharmaceutical curriculum.

PMID- 3709355
TI  - Asacol: mesalazine for ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 3709356
TI  - The management of multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 3709357
TI  - Enuresis alarms.

PMID- 3709358
TI  - [Length of stay and length of work incapacity in patients with Type I diabetes.
      Effects of a diabetes treatment and education program].
AB  - Objective data on duration of hospital stay and of incapacity to work were
      collected for 137 type I diabetics who had taken part in a structured diabetes
      treatment and training scheme. Before the training period the average hospital
      stay had been 0.76 per patient per year, duration per stay 21 days, number of
      episodes of work incapacity 1.6 per patient per year, duration of incapacity 23.6
      days. For a subgroup of patients (62) the influence of the training programme
      could be demonstrated: hospital stay fell to 0.49 per patient per year, duration
      per stay to 12.0 days, number of incapacity episodes to 1.4 per patient per year,
      and the days lost from work to 12.1 per patient per year.

PMID- 3709359
TI  - [Still syndrome in adults].

PMID- 3709360
TI  - [Secondary Raynaud's syndrome in vibration syndrome].

PMID- 3709361
TI  - [Long-term risk of unilateral nephrectomy].

PMID- 3709362
TI  - [Hepatitis B risk for emergency paramedics].

PMID- 3709363
TI  - [Local treatment of thrombocyte-induced epistaxis using Fibraccel].

PMID- 3709364
TI  - [Herpes encephalitis in Hodgkin's disease].

PMID- 3709365
TI  - [Neurocysticercosis. Diagnostic and therapeutic advances].
AB  - A 42-year-old man of Croatian birth, with long-standing neurological symptoms,
      was found to have neurocysticercosis (a rare disease in Central Europe), as
      proven by positive antibody titres in serum and CSF and typical foci by computed
      tomography (CT). Ventriculo-cisternal drainage (after Torkildsen) controlled the
      acute symptoms of raised intracranial pressure. Postoperatively the CT revealed
      new low-density intracerebral foci, which responded to praziquantel.

PMID- 3709366
TI  - [Diagnostic measures in splenomegaly].

PMID- 3709367
TI  - [Prevention of venous thromboembolism].

PMID- 3709368
TI  - [Hepatic encephalopathy].

PMID- 3709369
TI  - [Drugs in the long-term prevention of peptic ulcer].

PMID- 3709370
TI  - [Spread of early-summer meningoencephalitis in the Federal Republic of Germany].
AB  - Between 1978 and 1984 there were 299 serologically confirmed cases of tick-borne
      encephalitis in the Federal Republic of Germany (180 males, 119 females; aged 1
      82 years). A previous tick bite was recalled by 258 (86.2%). The illness had
      taken the form of a feverish infection in 13, meningitis in 161,
      meningoencephalitis in 13, and meningomyeloencephalitis in 14. There were three
      deaths (1%), and permanent neurological sequelae in 20 (7%). The incidence of new
      cases cases between April and October varied from eight to 118 per year. The
      Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) was the place of infection in 239, other
      European countries in 52 (42 in Austria). In the FRG the disease occurred
      predominantly in Bavaria (156), half of the cases in Lower Bavaria and eastern
      and northern Upper Bavaria and in Baden-Wurttemberg (78), concentrated in the
      regions around Freiburg and Karlsruhe, a few (3) in Hessen and Rhineland
      Palatinate (2). No cases were noted in other parts of the FRG. Antibody studies
      on 8526 persons in the endemic regions of Bavaria and Baden-Wurttemberg produced
      rates of 2.0 and 1.2%, respectively. The rate increased with age, to a peak of
      2.4% in the seventh decade. Those working in forestry and agriculture had a
      higher antibody rate, at 4.6 and 3.3% respectively, than civil servants,
      employees and housewives (0.4-0.9%). In some areas the antibody rate varied from
      less than 1 to 6%. Those with higher antibody rates also had higher infection
      rates, and vice versa.

PMID- 3709371
TI  - [Neural complications after diphtheria vaccination and inoculations with
      diphtheria toxoid-mixed vaccines. Observations on their etiopathogenesis].
AB  - In five children neural complications occurred following diphtheria immunization.
      In two cases, damage was related to the injection (vaccination-induced
      poliomyelitis), in three cases it could be traced back to a hyperergic reaction
      to diphtheria toxoid on the cerebral vessels. The latter complication is typical
      of individuals being immunized against diphtheria. Such complications are
      extremely rare; by no means can they question the value of active immunization
      against diphtheria.

PMID- 3709372
TI  - [Surgical therapy of nephrolithiasis. Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy,
      percutaneous nephrolithotomy and ureterorenoscopy].

PMID- 3709374
TI  - [The preliminary medical exam scandal '85].

PMID- 3709373
TI  - [Hemolytic anemia with kidney failure after nomifensine].

PMID- 3709375
TI  - [Calcitonin in phantom pain].

PMID- 3709376
TI  - [Transthoracic esophagectomy in esophageal cancer].

PMID- 3709377
TI  - [Pancreas divisum].

PMID- 3709378
TI  - [Stenosing laryngotracheitis (pseudocroup) and sulfur dioxide content of the air.
      Results of an 18-year retrospective long-term study of possible spatial and
      temporal relations].
AB  - Based on the immission levels measured in the city of Bochum (approx. 20,000
      readings), 1200 hospitalized children with pseudocroup were examined for a
      possible relationship between croup incidence and sulphur dioxide levels.
      Evaluation according to geographic location showed no statistically significant
      correlation between croup incidence and SO2 levels over a test period of 13
      years. Only for 3 of 13 years did Spearman's rank correlation coefficient show a
      weakly significant positive correlation (P less than 0.05). In one test year,
      however, there was a statistically significant negative correlation (P less than
      0.025). Evaluation of the 16-year study in terms of time-dependent relationships
      yielded no significant deviation of pseudocroup incidence from the expected mean
      value for the individual SO2 concentration ranges. Over the period of this study,
      there was therefore no cause-effect relationship between sulphur dioxide levels
      and pseudocroup incidence.

PMID- 3709379
TI  - [Combination therapy of obesity with a reducing diet and physical training.
      Cardiovascular and metabolic effects].
AB  - Twenty obese patients were either given a caloric restricted diet (300 kcal/d)
      over 4 weeks alone or underwent an additional ergometer exercise programme for up
      to 2 hours daily. Combination therapy resulted in an improvement of physical
      performance by 26% despite weight loss of 11 kg. Blood pressure could be reduced
      both at rest and on exercise. Blood pressure regulation and heart rate under
      orthostatic conditions remained unchanged for both therapeutical approaches. The
      effect on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism was also more favorable in patients
      on combination therapy than in those given a reduction diet alone. Combination of
      reduction diet and physical exercise is therefore superior to caloric restriction
      alone with regard to cardiovascular and metabolic considerations.

PMID- 3709380
TI  - [Eosinophilic gastroenteritis with ascites].
AB  - Eight years after the onset of bronchial asthma a 28-year-old woman fell ill with
      abdominal pain, diarrhoea and rapidly increasing ascites. Increased numbers of
      eosinophils in the protein-rich ascitic fluid and histologically demonstrated
      eosinophilic infiltration of the intestinal mucosa, together with the history and
      symptoms, established the diagnosis of eosinophilic gastroenteritis. The disease
      proved self-limiting without specific treatment. Within four years of first
      manifestations there were two short recurrences with rapid regression without
      specific treatment.

PMID- 3709381
TI  - [Diagnosis of hearing disorders in early childhood].

PMID- 3709382
TI  - [Rehabilitation of children with hearing disorders of early childhood].

PMID- 3709383
TI  - [Care and truth disclosure in adduction osteotomy].

PMID- 3709384
TI  - [The treatment of generalized hypertrichosis].

PMID- 3709385
TI  - [Thyroid function disorder caused by amiodarone].

PMID- 3709386
TI  - Thyroid disorders in the elderly. Difficulties in diagnosis and treatment.
AB  - The diagnosis and management of disorders of thyroid function in the elderly
      present particular problems. The diagnosis may be missed because of the insidious
      onset of the disorder and the tendency to attribute many of the complications of
      hypo- or hyperthyroidism to other causes. Hyperthyroidism presenting as
      'apathetic thyrotoxicosis' is seen much more commonly in elderly subjects than in
      the young, and unless the clinician is familiar with the clinical presentation,
      the diagnosis may not be considered. Both disease and concomitantly administered
      drugs may alter thyroid function tests, and abnormal tests do not necessarily
      mean hyper-or hypothyroidism. Euthyroid hyperthyroxinaemia is often difficult to
      distinguish from hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism is usually controlled initially
      by antithyroid drugs, such as carbimazole, which interfere with the synthesis of
      thyroid hormone. The patient may start to feel better in 1 to 2 weeks and show
      objective signs of improvement in 3 to 6 weeks. Propranolol may provide earlier
      symptomatic relief, but must be used cautiously in older people due to its
      potential adverse effect on cardiac function. Thyroxine should be introduced
      slowly in those with hypothyroidism; the initial dose is 0.025 to 0.05 mg daily.
      Because of the long half-life of thyroxine, the dose is increased every 4 to 6
      weeks until the patient is clinically euthyroid and the thyroid stimulating
      hormone level returns to normal. In elderly people the early treatment of
      subclinical hypothyroidism is justified.

PMID- 3709387
TI  - "Immunization in East Africa".

PMID- 3709388
TI  - Cheaper immunisation against hepatitis B.

PMID- 3709389
TI  - Serotype and pneumococcal meningitis in Nigerian children.

PMID- 3709390
TI  - An age related point prevalence study of markers of hepatitis B virus infection
      in Kenya.

PMID- 3709391
TI  - Obstetrics in a rural African population.

PMID- 3709393
TI  - Skin diseases in Addis Ababa.

PMID- 3709392
TI  - Blood transfusion in obstetrics and gynaecology: pattern, problems and prospects.

PMID- 3709394
TI  - Amoebiasis--entamoeba histolytica infections: a review.

PMID- 3709395
TI  - Fetal central blood circulation in the third trimester of normal pregnancy--a
      longitudinal study. II. Aortic blood velocity waveform.
AB  - Waveform of the maximum blood velocity recorded from the fetal descending
      thoracic and abdominal aorta was analyzed in a longitudinal study on 21 normal
      pregnancies from the 27th gestational week till term. Measurements of blood
      velocity were performed with combined real-time linear array and 2 MHz pulsed
      Doppler ultrasound technique every second week. The rising (RS) and the
      descending (DS) slopes did not change with gestational age in the thoracic
      descending aorta. The peak maximum velocity, the pulsatility index (PI) and the
      acceleration time percentage were constant during the last trimester of
      pregnancy, in both the thoracic and the abdominal aorta. In the former, the mean
      RS was 29.9 (S.D. 4.9), mean DS 5.3 (S.D. 0.9), mean peak velocity 115.6 cm X s-1
      (S.D. 19.0), mean PI 1.96 (S.P. 0.31) and the mean acceleration time percentage
      19.2% (S.D. 2.2). In the abdominal aorta, the mean RS was 25.7 (S.D. 5.6), mean
      DS 4.5 (S.D. 0.9), mean peak velocity 99.7 cm X s-1 (S.D. 18.8), mean PI 1.68
      (S.D. 0.28) and the mean acceleration time percentage 19.1% (S.D. 2.2). The PI
      and the DS, considered to reflect mainly peripheral vascular resistance, were
      mutually related (r = 0.72). The acceleration time percentage, RS and PI did not
      show any relation to fetal heart rate or gestational age which justifies the use
      of gestational age-independent reference values for those parameters during the
      last 3 months of gestation, at least within the normal fetal heart rate range.

PMID- 3709396
TI  - In vitro effect of multiplication stimulating activity (MSA) on human fetal and
      postnatal cartilage.
AB  - Although insulin-like growth factors may have a physiological role in fetal
      growth, little is known of their biological action on human fetal tissues. In the
      present study, the action of multiplication stimulating activity (MSA) on human
      fetal cartilage in vitro, has been examined and compared with its effect on
      postnatal cartilage. Addition of MSA (10-100 ng/ml) resulted in a dose dependent
      increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation into fetal cartilage aged between 15 and
      18 weeks of gestation. The mean response with 100 ng/ml was 143 +/- 18% (n = 10)
      of basal levels. The increase in [35S]sulphate incorporation was variable, the
      mean (131 +/- 36%, n = 5) being not significantly greater than in controls. The
      increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation on addition of MSA was not seen in fetal
      cartilage of earlier (13/14 wk) or later (19 wk) gestational age. MSA-III (a
      highly purified component of MSA) at 100 ng/ml increased [3H]thymidine and
      [35S]sulphate incorporation into cartilage from a fetus of 17 weeks to 165% and
      150%, respectively, but had no effect on the incorporation of either isotope into
      cartilage from a fetus of 19 weeks gestation. In contrast to the mitogenic
      effects of MSA on fetal cartilage, the same preparation had no effect on either
      [3H]thymidine or [35S]sulphate incorporation into postnatal cartilage. These
      results may reflect developmental changes in cartilage response to insulin-like
      growth factors similar to those reported in human brain.

PMID- 3709397
TI  - Measurement of bone mineral content in the human fetus by photon absorptiometry.
AB  - A photon absorptiometer designed to measure the bone mineral content (BMC) of the
      radius and ulna in premature or term babies was used to examine 34 forearm
      specimens obtained from 25 male and 9 female babies dying before or up to 13
      weeks after birth. Gestational age, foot and crown-heel lengths and birth weight
      were recorded. Radiographic measurements showed that the midshaft of the radius
      can be located with a positioning error of +/- 1.28 mm (+/- 2 S.E.E.) from the
      distance between the distal ulnar styloid process and proximal tip of the
      olecranon, both of which can be palpated in vivo. Scanning at 5 sites showed that
      effects of positioning errors on BMC measurements are least at the midshaft site.
      Subsequent measurements of the ash weight of sections of the radius and ulna,
      centred on the midshaft of the radius, showed that ash weight/unit length can be
      estimated with a standard error 2.99 mg/cm from scan data.

PMID- 3709398
TI  - Effects of maternal glucose ingestion on human fetal breathing movements at weeks
      24 and 28 of gestation.
AB  - The incidence of human fetal breathing movements was studied in normal
      pregnancies before and after administration of 50 g glucose or a placebo (water)
      at 24 and 28 weeks. Glucose or water was given to the same women on two separate
      days in a randomised order. No significant differences were present among the
      results on the placebo-day and the control period of the glucose-day at either
      gestational age. On the glucose-day, the incidence rose significantly from 3.6 to
      a maximum of 11.6% at 24 weeks, and from 6.7 to 30.2% at 28 weeks. At both ages
      the maximum was found 90-120 min after the intake of glucose. It is concluded
      that already at 24 weeks gestation the human fetus reacts with an increase of
      fetal breathing movements after the administration of glucose to the mother.

PMID- 3709399
TI  - Fighting the ventilator--are fast rates an effective alternative to paralysis?
AB  - We investigated the effect of increased ventilator rates on the respiratory
      activity of 17 infants, all actively expiring against the ventilator at
      conventional rates. Fast rate ventilation was rarely associated with apnoea (3
      babies only) and the infant's respiratory efforts even at rates of 120/min had an
      important effect on tidal exchange. Seven infants altered their respiratory
      response to breathe in synchrony with the ventilator at 60 breaths/min and 5
      maintained this at 120 breaths/min. Nine of the 17 infants continued to actively
      expire against positive pressure inflation at 60 breaths/min and in two this
      persisted at 120/min, the remaining 7 infants showed incoordinated breathing at
      that rate. We conclude that fast rate ventilation appears to have only limited
      success in suppressing respiratory activity in infants actively expiring against
      the ventilator.

PMID- 3709400
TI  - Interaction and development in the first year. I. The effects of prematurity.
AB  - Six month infant-mother interaction patterns were observed and 10 month Bayley
      MDI scores were obtained in 10 fullterm and 14 healthy preterm (less than 37
      weeks) infants. Relationships among interaction parameters and intellectual
      performance are compared with those among earlier interaction patterns and
      development. At 6 months preterm dyads were more synchronised and had higher
      levels of interaction than fullterm dyads; preterm mothers demonstrated lower
      levels of affection. Fullterm variables reflecting unfocussed infant vocalising
      at 2, 3 and 6 months were negatively related to later development while those
      maternal variables indicating general and specific stimulation were positively
      related. Preterm infant vocalising levels at 3 and 6 months were positively
      related while 3 and particularly 6 month variables indicating maternal
      stimulation and high levels of dyadic interaction were negatively related to
      later development. In both groups early maternal state differentiation in
      responses was positively related to 10 month intellectual performance. Ten month
      MDI scores for the preterm group were lower than for the fullterm group. The
      results are discussed with respect to information processing abilities, optimal
      patterns of interaction for each kind of infant, and their differential paths of
      development in the first year.

PMID- 3709401
TI  - Interaction and development in the first year. II. The effects of intrauterine
      growth retardation.
AB  - Nine small-for-gestational age (SGA) and 10 appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA)
      fullterm infants were assessed using the Bayley MDI scale at 10 months, and
      infant-mother interactions observed at 6 months. Relationships among interaction
      parameters and development were compared with those of earlier interactions and
      development. At 6 months SGA and AGA mothers behaved similarly in interaction;
      SGA infants were more passive than AGA infants and demonstrated higher levels of
      state change. AGA infant vocalising frequencies at 2, 3 and 6 months were
      negatively related to MDI scores whereas maternal stimulation was positively
      related. Aspects of early SGA infant activity were negatively related to 10 month
      development; at 6 months several variables expressing dyadic interaction were
      negatively related. Ten month MDI scores were lower for the SGA than the AGA
      group. Socioeconomic status was related to MDI scores for AGA but not SGA
      infants. The results suggest that AGA and SGA infants behaved differently in
      interaction and that differential interaction patterns were linked with optimal
      development. Maternal stimulation and co-ordinated infant signalling in AGA
      dyads, and infant quietness and maternal activity encouraging quietness in SGA
      dyads, were patterns in high-scoring subjects. The exploratory nature of the
      study is noted.

PMID- 3709402
TI  - Comparison of the Microtox test with the 96-hr LC50 test for the harpacticoid
      Nitocra spinipes.
AB  - A comparison between the static 96-hr LC50 test with the brackish water
      harpacticoid Nitocra spinipes and the Microtox (Beckman Instruments, Inc.)
      screening method has been done. The relationship between the two bioassays were
      evaluated for 16 pure and technical chemicals and 11 complex effluents from
      different types of industries. The correlation between the 96-hr LC50 values for
      Nitocra and the 5-, 15-, and 30-min effective concentration (EC50) for pure and
      technical chemicals had R2 values ranging between 0.751 and 0.796. A somewhat
      better correlation was shown between the two test methods for the complex
      effluents with R2 values ranging from 0.903 to 0.927. The sensitivity of the two
      tests for the actual types of samples were found to be in the same order of
      magnitude. Investigations concerning pretreatments of three chemicals (dibutyl
      phthalate, 1-octanol, and pentachlorophenol) fairly insoluble in water (less than
      1000 mg/liter) have been done. Three solvents, acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide
      (DMSO), and propylene glycol, were studied with the Microtox system in a low
      concentration (500 mg/liter). Acetone exerted a slightly stimulatory effect and
      propylene glycol a slight reduction effect on bacterial luminescence.

PMID- 3709403
TI  - Interaction of tin and zinc in some processes of heme biosynthesis in rabbits.
AB  - Female rabbits (2.5-3.0 kg) were divided into five groups. Group I (control)
      received ip 0.9% NaCl, every day for 5 days; group II received ip SnCl2 (dose of
      2 mg Sn/kg) every day for 5 days; group III was given single sc injection of
      ZnSO4 (dose of 50 mg Zn/kg); group IV, a single sc injection of ZnSO4 followed by
      a single ip injection of SnCl2 on the next day; and group V received a single ip
      injection of SnCl2 followed next day by a single sc injection of ZnSO4. Eighteen
      hours after the first dose of SnCl2 an inhibition of delta-aminolevulinic acid
      dehydratase (ALA-D) by 60% was found in the blood of group II, while increases of
      urinary excretion of coproporphyrin (CP-U) and delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA-U)
      with respect to the control group took place not earlier than after the fourth
      dose of SnCl2 (correlation coefficients, respectively: ALA-D/ALA-U r = 0.91; CP
      U/ALA-D r = 0.70; CP-U/ALA-U r = 0.81). The single dose of ZnSO4 resulted in an
      increase of ALA-D by about 60% while administration of SnCl2 to the animals in
      group IV decreased this value down to physiologic levels. Then an increased
      tendency was noted again for the activity of this enzyme. Administration of SnCl2
      and ZnSO4 (group V) resulted in a decrease of ALA-D activity and in an increase
      in CP-U.

PMID- 3709404
TI  - Detachment of ribosomes of rough endoplasmic reticulum by NADPH and reduced
      glutathione (GSH).
AB  - NADPH, an endogenous, naturally occurring compound was found to be positive in
      the stripping of ribosomes from rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) test
      (degranulation) for carcinogens using the hepatocellular postmitochondrial (PMS)
      system. However, glutathione (GSH) another naturally occurring compound was
      negative in the hepatocellular PMS system in contrast to GSH which was previously
      reported as being positive in the mutagenicity test using kidney PMS but negative
      using liver PMS. Akintonwa has classified degranulation into three types, viz,
      DIA, DIB, and DII (D.A.A. Akintonwa, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 9, 53-63 (1985].
      Most carcinogens fall into DIA and DIB types. NADPH was of DIA type in the mouse
      and of DII in the female rat PMS systems. NADPH was consistently negative in the
      male rat PMS system.

PMID- 3709406
TI  - Chemical methylation of mercury(II) salts by polydimethylsiloxanes in aqueous
      solution.

PMID- 3709405
TI  - Factors affecting the absorption of phenolics and carboxylic acids in the guppy
      (Poecilia reticulata).
AB  - The rate of absorption of 17 phenols, anisoles, and carboxylic acids in the guppy
      (Poecilia reticulata Peters) was measured at pH levels from 3 to 9. The rate was
      directly proportional to the concentration, and the compounds did not interfere
      with each other's absorption. The primary route of uptake was across the gill
      epithelium, but 25-40% of the total amount penetrated across the skin. When the
      fish were exposed at a pH low enough to prevent ionization of acidic compounds,
      the initial rate of uptake increased with lipophilicity up to a partition
      coefficient of about 10(4). Above this point, the absorption rate did not
      correlate with lipophilicity indicating that the uptake rate of the most
      lipophilic compounds was limited by the unstirred water layers. The effect of
      lipophilicity on absorption accounts for about half of the effect found in
      toxicity and bioconcentration. The absorption rate of acids declined with pH
      rising, but did not follow changes in the concentration of nonionized acid. The
      slopes of the absorption rate vs pH curves were distinctly less steep than the
      slope of the dissociation curve. In addition, the curves of the most lipophilic
      acids showed a shift to the right, which can be ascribed to the unstirred layers
      on the surface of the epithelia.

PMID- 3709407
TI  - Bioconcentration of lipophilic compounds by some aquatic organisms.
AB  - With nondegradable, lipophilic compounds having log P values ranging from 2 to 6,
      direct linear relationships have been found between the logarithms of the
      equilibrium bioconcentration factors, and also reciprocal clearance rate
      constants, with log P for daphnids and molluscs. These relationships permit
      calculation of the times required for equilibrium and significant
      bioconcentration of lipophilic chemicals. Compared with fish, these time periods
      are successively shorter for molluscs, then daphnids. The equilibrium biotic
      concentration was found to decrease with increasing chemical hydrophobicity for
      both molluscs and daphnids. Also, new linear relationships between the logarithm
      of the bioconcentration factor and log P were found for compounds not attaining
      equilibrium within finite exposure times.

PMID- 3709408
TI  - A behavioral assay for assessing effects of pollutants on fish chemoreception.
AB  - Behavioral assays are sensitive to sublethal levels of pollution but they usually
      require highly trained personnel and long observation periods. We describe a
      system that combines the sensitivity of a behavioral assay with commercially
      available automated monitoring equipment. The observation system consists of a
      special aquarium coupled to a recirculating water system, and an Opto-Varimex
      Aqua activity tracking meter (Columbus Instruments, Columbus, Ohio) interfaced to
      a microcomputer. The tracking meter forms an intersecting, planar grid of light
      beams which, when interrupted by fish movements, is translated into a digitized
      signal and fed to the computer. The assay is based on the response of fish to
      natural chemical stimuli such as food odors or pheromones. When these stimulus
      solutions are injected into the water circulation the response of the fish is
      monitored by the computer system, which is capable of discriminating and
      quantifying changes in eight parameters. Normal responses to stimuli are compared
      with the response of fish that have been exposed to pollutants. We have
      successfully used this technique to examine effects of reduced pH on the response
      of fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas, to chemical feeding stimuli. The system
      should be easily adapted to any laboratory concerned with testing for effects of
      toxic substances, and will identify effects of pollution that have thus far been
      difficult or impossible to assess.

PMID- 3709409
TI  - Factors affecting the uptake of 14C-labeled organic chemicals by plants from
      soil.
AB  - The uptake of 14C from various 14C-labeled organic chemicals from different
      chemical classes by barley and cress seedlings from soil was studied for 7 days
      in a closed aerated laboratory apparatus. Uptake by roots and by leaves via the
      air was determined separately. Although comparative long-term outdoor studies
      showed that an equilibrium is not reached within a short time period, plant
      concentration factors after 7 days could be correlated to some physicochemical
      and structural substance properties. Barley root concentration factors due to
      root uptake, expressed as concentration in roots divided by concentration in
      soil, gave a fairly good negative correlation to adsorption coefficients based on
      soil organic carbon. Barley root concentration factors, expressed as
      concentration in roots divided by concentration in soil liquid, gave a positive
      correlation to the n-octanol/water partition coefficients. Uptake of chemicals by
      barley leaves via air was strongly positively correlated to volatilization of
      chemicals from soil. Both root and foliar uptake by barley could be correlated
      well to the molecular weight of 14 chemicals. Uptake of chemicals by cress
      differed from that by barley, and correlations to physicochemical substance
      properties mostly were poor.

PMID- 3709410
TI  - Lasers in gastroenterology. International symposium. Erlangen, October 10, 1985.

PMID- 3709411
TI  - Forrest 11 bleeding: indications for treatment and results of laser therapy.
AB  - Ulcers with stigmata of recent hemorrhage (SRH) but without evidence of active
      bleeding (Forrest 11 bleeding) are a common endoscopic finding in patients with
      upper gastrointestinal bleeding. This study considers the problem of identifying
      patients in this group at risk of further bleeding and death. The high incidence
      of rebleeding in patients with visible vessel and the low incidence in patients
      with other SRH or no SRH suggest that endoscopic therapy in the absence of active
      bleeding is best limited to patients with visible vessels in ulcers that have
      recently bled. Evidence from controlled trials of laser therapy is presented
      which suggests that laser therapy can reduce the incidence of rebleeding in such
      patients with visible vessel.

PMID- 3709412
TI  - Palliative treatment of malignant stenoses of the upper gastrointestinal tract
      using a combination of laser and afterloading therapy.
AB  - Forty-eight patients with malignant stenoses of the esophagus and cardio
      esophageal junction were submitted to endocavitary afterloading treatment after
      prior endoscopic recanalization with the laser. An intraluminal reduction in
      tumor mass, and rapid elimination of dysphagia proved possible. This technique
      represents an alternative to the endoscopic implantation of an endoprosthesis.
      The afterloading tube is placed endoscopically under direct vision. Using a
      192Iridium radiation source, 7 Gy were applied at a distance from the tube of 1
      cm. Dysphagia was permanently relieved in 77%, while re-stenosis occurred in 23%.
      The mean survival time was 5.9 months. This procedure is associated with a low
      incidence of complications, and can be employed on an outpatient basis, and in
      combination with percutaneous radiotherapy given as boost radiation.

PMID- 3709413
TI  - Preoperative neodymium-YAG laser treatment of obstructive colon cancer.
AB  - Present conventional surgical therapy of obstructive colon cancers of the right
      colon is primary resection, whereas in the left colon it is a two-stage or three
      stage operation with a temporary colostomy. Morbidity and mortality rates in
      staged operations are still as high as 40% and 24%, respectively. Preoperative
      recanalization of obstructive cancers by neodymium-YAG laser vaporization will
      tend to relieve the symptoms of ileus and will permit preoperative peroral bowel
      lavage. For this reason primary resection with primary anastomosis is practicable
      in patients who have recovered from symptoms of ileus. In 27 cases who had been
      operated on with left-side hemicolectomy or anterior resection, the mortality
      rate was 3.7% (1/27). The total inpatient mortality rate of all laser-treated
      patients who had been operated on by different operative procedures, or who had
      not been surgically treated, was 8.8% (5/57).

PMID- 3709414
TI  - Technical prerequisites and safety considerations for the use of the Nd:YAG laser
      in gastroenterology.
AB  - The small divergence and the high monochromaticity of laser light and the
      resulting possibility of concentrating a very high light intensity at the focal
      point of a lens, are of decisive importance in laser therapy. By selecting
      suitable irradiation parameters, blood and lymph vessels can be sealed by local
      exposure to Nd:YAG laser light. All the prerequisites for using the Nd:YAG laser
      in gastroenterology for hemostasis and the treatment of tumors are met.

PMID- 3709415
TI  - Benign stenoses--benign tumors.
AB  - Some reflections and critical comments are given with respect to the application
      of Nd:YAG laser photocoagulation in benign conditions such as benign
      (anastomotic) strictures and especially benign polypoid adenomatous lesions of
      the gastrointestinal tract. Many questions still need to be answered before the
      full impact of laser in benign lesions is appreciated. A most distressing fact at
      present is the high local recurrence rate of adenomatous or carcinomatous tissue
      after apparently complete eradication of usually sessile
      adenomatous/carcinomatous lesions.

PMID- 3709416
TI  - International survey of laser therapy in benign gastrointestinal tumors and
      stenoses.

PMID- 3709417
TI  - Endoscopic treatment of non-neoplastic stenoses and benign tumors in the lower
      gastrointestinal tract.

PMID- 3709418
TI  - Photoenergetics of octopus rhodopsin. Convergent evolution of biological photon
      counters?
AB  - The enthalpy changes associated with each of the major steps in the
      photoconversion of octopus rhodopsin have been measured by direct
      photocalorimetry. Formation of the primary photoproduct (bathorhodopsin) involves
      energy uptake of about 130 kJ/mol, corresponding to storage of over 50% of the
      exciting photon energy, and is comparable to the energy storage previously
      observed in bovine rhodopsin. Subsequent intermediates involve the step-wise
      dissipation of this energy to give the physiological end-product (acid
      metarhodopsin) at a level only slightly above the parent rhodopsin. No
      significant differences in energetics are observed between rhodopsin in
      microvilli membrane suspensions or detergent dispersions. Use of different buffer
      systems in the calorimetric experiments shows that conversion of rhodopsin to
      acid metarhodopsin involves no light-induced protonation change, whereas alkali
      metarhodopsin photoproduction occurs with the release of one proton per molecule
      and an additional enthalpy increase of about 50 kJ/mol. Van't Hoff analysis of
      the effect of temperature on the reversible metarhodopsin equilibrium gives an
      enthalpy for the acid----alkali transition consistent with this calorimetric
      result, and the proton release is confirmed by direct observation of light
      induced pH changes. Acid-base titration of metarhodopsin yields an apparent pK of
      9.5 for this transition, though the pH profile deviates slightly from ideal
      titration behaviour. We suggest that a high energy primary photoproduct is an
      obligatory feature of efficient biological photo-detectors, as opposed to photon
      energy transducers, and that the similarity at this stage between cephalopod and
      vertebrate rhodopsins represents either convergent evolution at the molecular
      level or strong conservation of a crucial functional characteristic.

PMID- 3709419
TI  - The human erythrocyte membrane skeleton may be an ionic gel. I. Membrane
      mechanochemical properties.
AB  - Biochemical and biophysical observations indicate that the erythrocyte membrane
      skeleton is composed of a swollen network of long, flexible and ionizable
      macromolecules located at the cytoplasmic surface of the fluid membrane lipid
      bilayer. We have analyzed the mechanochemical properties of the erythrocyte
      membrane assuming that the membrane skeleton constitutes an ionic gel (swollen
      ionic elastomer). Using recently established statistical thermodynamic theory for
      such gels, our analysis yields mathematical expressions for the mechanochemical
      properties of erythrocyte membranes that incorporate membrane molecular
      parameters to an extent not achieved previously. The erythrocyte membrane elastic
      shear modulus and maximum elastic extension ratio predicted by our membrane model
      are in quantitative agreement with reported values for these parameters. The gel
      theory predicts further that the membrane skeleton modulus of area compression,
      KG, may be small as well as large relative to the membrane elastic shear modulus,
      G, depending on the environmental conditions. Our analysis shows that the ratio
      between these two parameters affects both the geometry and the stability of the
      favoured cell shapes.

PMID- 3709421
TI  - Thermodynamic characterization of the allosteric transition in trout hemoglobin.
AB  - The pH induced spectral changes in the Soret region occurring in the carbomonoxy
      derivative of trout HbIV have been measured under carefully controlled conditions
      of temperature and organic phosphate concentration. Parallel experiments on the
      kinetics of carbon monoxide dissociation by NO replacement have been performed
      over the same pH range. Both sets of results agree satisfactorily with a
      thermodynamic scheme independently drawn on the basis of functional data
      previously analyzed within the framework of a two state allosteric model. Thus,
      the whole body of data strongly supports the idea that the spectral changes are
      themselves an indication of the pH induced structural transition, thereby
      reflecting the stabilization of the liganded T-state of the molecule at low pH.
      This allows us to definitely conclude that the functional changes induced in
      trout HbIV-CO by protons are associated with a red shift of the Soret absorption
      band.

PMID- 3709420
TI  - The human erythrocyte membrane skeleton may be an ionic gel. II. Numerical
      analyses of cell shapes and shape transformations.
AB  - In the first paper in this series (Stokke et al. Eur Biophys J 1986, 13:203-218)
      we developed the general theory of the mechanochemical properties and the elastic
      free energy of the protein gel--lipid bilayer membrane model. Here we report on
      an extensive numerical analysis of the human erythrocyte shapes and shape
      transformations predicted by this new cell membrane model. We have calculated the
      total elastic free energy of deformation of four different cell shape classes:
      disc-shaped cells, cup-shaped cells, crenated cells, and cells with membrane
      invaginations. We find that which of these shape classes is favoured depends
      strongly on the spectrin gel osmotic tension, IIGu, and the surface tensions,
      IIEu and IIPu, of the extracellular and protoplasmic halves of the membrane lipid
      bilayer, respectively. For constant ratio IIEu/IIPu greater than O large negative
      or positive values of IIGu favour respectively the crenated and invaginated cell
      shape classes. For small absolute values of IIGu, IIEu, and IIPu, biconcave or
      cup-shaped cells are the stable ones. Our numerical analysis shows that the
      higher the membrane skeleton compressibility is, the smaller are the values of
      IIGu needed to induce cell shape transformation. We find that the stable and
      metastable shapes of discocytes and stomatocytes generally depend both on the
      shape of the stressfree membrane skeleton and the membrane skeleton
      compressibility.

PMID- 3709422
TI  - The use of metabolic inhibitors to compare the excision repair of pyrimidine
      dimers and nondimer DNA damages in human skin fibroblasts exposed to 254-nm and
      sunlamp-produced greater than 310-nm ultraviolet radiation.
AB  - Normal human skin fibroblasts were exposed to either 0-5 J/m2 of 254-nm
      ultraviolet (UV) radiation or 0-50 kJ/m2 of the Mylar-filtered UV (greater than
      310 nm) produced by a fluorescent sunlamp. These cells were then incubated for 0
      20 min in medium containing 10 mM hydroxyurea (HU) and 0.1 mM 1-beta-D
      arabinofuranosyl cytosine (ara C), and the yield of DNA strand breaks was
      measured by means of the alkaline elution technique. For cells irradiated with
      254-nm UV, which results primarily in the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine
      dimers, a rapid increase in DNA strand breaks was detected following incubation
      with these metabolic inhibitors. In contrast, only a low level of strand breaks
      formed in cells incubated with HU and ara C after irradiation with approximately
      equitoxic fluences of sunlamp UV greater than 310 nm, which mainly causes the
      induction of nondimer DNA lesions. Hence, these results are consistent with the
      conclusion that the pathways involved in the repair of nondimer DNA damages
      induced by UV wavelengths greater than 310 nm differ from the repair of
      pyrimidine dimers.

PMID- 3709423
TI  - Sister chromatid exchange induction and persistence in peripheral blood and
      spleen lymphocytes of mice treated with ethylnitrosourea.
AB  - The induction and persistence of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were studied
      in peripheral blood and spleen lymphocytes of mice given a single i.p. injection
      of ethylnitrosourea (ENU) of 100, 350, or 600 muMoles ENU/kg. SCE frequencies
      were measured on days 1, 3, 5, and 7, and at seven additional times up to 172
      days post-injection. SCEs were analyzed statistically by comparing the mean
      frequencies as well as the distribution of SCEs per cell at each time. The latter
      approach was based on a non-parametric method of identifying high frequency cells
      (HFCs). The SCE frequencies and proportion of HFCs in each dose and tissue
      remained elevated for up to 172 days following treatment, although the degree and
      statistical significance of the increase varied according to the tissue, dose,
      and statistical test employed. The SCE frequencies were found to oscillate during
      the first week. Following this, however, the return of the SCE frequencies to
      control levels was fit to a linear regression model with time as the only
      independent variable. The persistence of SCE-forming lesions was found to be dose
      dependent for the spleen but not for blood. Within each dose the persistence of
      SCE-forming lesions was significantly greater for the blood relative to the
      spleen. The results emphasize that tissue, dose, and time since exposure are
      important factors to consider when quantifying SCEs in vivo; analysis of high
      frequency cells may be a more sensitive method of detecting exposure than the t
      test; and a single determination of SCE frequencies may not be sufficient to
      quantitatively assess genotoxic damage in the first week following exposure.

PMID- 3709424
TI  - Tests for mutagenic effects of ammoniated glycyrrhizin, butylated hydroxytoluene,
      and gum Arabic in rodent germ cells.
AB  - Ammoniated glycyrrhizin, butylated hydroxytoluene, and gum Arabic are "generally
      recognized as safe" (GRAS) substances that are used primarily as additives in
      foods. These substances were incorporated into rodent diets and fed to male rats
      and mice for 10 and 8 wk, respectively. The treated male mice and rats were then
      tested for dominant lethal effects. The mice were also tested for induced
      heritable translocation. Results of the rat studies indicated a statistically
      significant dominant lethal effect of each of the compounds tested; however, the
      biological significance of this response is not known. Results of the mouse
      dominant lethal and heritable translocation studies, on the other hand, indicated
      no adverse effects of the compounds tested.

PMID- 3709425
TI  - Formaldehyde-induced acentric chromosome fragments and chromosome stickiness in
      Chortophaga neuroblasts.
AB  - Embryos of the grasshopper Chortophaga viridifasciata were exposed in vitro to
      formaldehyde (FA), as formalin, at concentrations ranging from 10(-8)M (0.0003
      ppm) to 10(-3) M (30 ppm) at 38 degrees C. A low frequency of distinct acentric
      chromosome fragments (0.02-0.04/cell) was observed in the neuroblasts after 1 hr
      exposure to 7.5 X 10(-4) or 10(-3) M FA plus 3 hr recovery, but not at lower
      concentrations, even with 4 hr exposure. There was no obvious relation between
      distinct fragment frequency and concentration of FA. Neuroblasts with sticky
      chromosomes were observed at 10(-4), 7.5 X 10(-4), and 10(-3) M FA, the percent
      of cells with slight, moderate, or severe stickiness varying with FA
      concentrations. Fragments were associated with the sticky chromosomes. The
      frequency of these sticky fragments at the two higher concentrations (0.15
      0.30/cell) was greater than the frequency of distinct fragments. It is concluded
      that the distinct acentric fragments induced by FA result from breakage at a
      single sticky point (slight stickiness) between separating sister chromatids. The
      chromosome effects observed probably result from the action of daughter products
      that are formed by the interaction of FA with culture medium components,
      especially the fetal calf serum.

PMID- 3709426
TI  - Sister chromatid exchange and chromosome aberration analyses in mice after in
      vivo exposure to acrylonitrile, styrene, or butadiene monoxide.
AB  - The use of polymers in plastic and rubber products has generated concern that
      monomers potentially active in biological systems may be eluted from these
      substances. We have evaluated two such monomers, acrylonitrile and styrene, for
      the induction of chromosome damage in mice. Butadiene monoxide, a presumed
      metabolite of a third important monomer, 1,3-butadiene, was also tested. These
      chemicals were administered as a single intraperitoneal injection; sister
      chromatid exchanges and chromosome aberrations were analyzed in bone marrow
      cells. Acrylonitrile and styrene were largely negative for these endpoints when
      tested at doses ranging to 60 mg/kg and 1,000 mg/kg, respectively. Butadiene
      monoxide, which previously has not been tested in a mammalian system, was
      determined to be a very effective inducer of sister chromatid exchanges and
      chromosome aberrations. Both endpoints showed a clear dose response and a greater
      than ten-fold increase over control levels at high doses. These studies represent
      an initial step in our efforts to evaluate genetic risk associated with exposure
      to common polymeric chemicals.

PMID- 3709427
TI  - A comparison of baseline and cyclophosphamide-induced sister chromatid exchanges
      in bone marrow and spleen cells of mouse and Chinese hamster.
AB  - Baseline sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequencies were investigated in bone
      marrow and spleen cells of mice and Chinese hamsters. No significant difference
      in SCE frequency was noted for bone marrow in both species and for bone marrow
      and spleen in mice on per cell and per pg DNA basis. However, a significant
      difference was noted between species in spleen and between cell types in Chinese
      hamsters. Also, statistically significant differences were noted between species
      for both cell types when the same data were expressed on per chromosome basis.
      SCE levels in cultured bone marrow and spleen cells after intraperitoneal
      administration of the antineoplastic drug cyclophosphamide (10 and 20 mg/kg)
      differed significantly in mice and Chinese hamsters on per cell, per pg DNA
      content, and per chromosome basis. The spleen cells were much more sensitive to
      the effects of cyclophosphamide than bone marrow cells in both species. The
      replicative indices did not differ significantly between treated and control
      animals in either bone marrow or spleen cells of both species. Since SCE
      frequency is a sensitive measure of DNA damage, and bone marrow and lymphocytes
      are the most widely used cell types in human and animal in vivo assays, the
      methodologies and results reported here may be useful for comparative mammalian
      cytogenetic studies.

PMID- 3709428
TI  - Absence of a genotoxic response from steroids in the rat primary hepatocyte
      unscheduled DNA synthesis assay.

PMID- 3709429
TI  - Conference on high affinity metal-binding proteins in non-mammalian species.
      September 19-21, 1984, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

PMID- 3709430
TI  - Occurrence of cadmium in crabs (Cancer pagurus) and the isolation and properties
      of cadmium metallothionein.
AB  - The occurrence of high cadmium levels in the digestive gland (hepatopancreas) of
      the crab Cancer pagurus is reviewed and its possible significance to human health
      is discussed. Previous attempts to isolate this cadmium in its native form are
      briefly reviewed and the present method used in this laboratory to isolate crab
      cadmium metallothionein is described. Quantitative amino acid analysis of the
      purified protein suggests that it has a total of 55 residues, including 19 Cys,
      and a molecular weight of approximately 5800. This yields an extinction
      coefficient at 220 nm for the protein in HCl, pH 1.5, of 50,000 and at 250 nm for
      the native cadmium protein in Tris-HCl, pH 8.4, of 92,000.

PMID- 3709431
TI  - Copper-binding proteins in liver of bluegills exposed to increased soluble copper
      under field and laboratory conditions.
AB  - Livers from bluegills exposed to increased soluble copper (Cu) under field and
      laboratory conditions were analyzed to determine the concentration and
      distribution of Cu in metalloproteins of different molecular size. Analyses were
      performed on bluegills collected from the impoundment of the H. B. Robinson Steam
      Electric Plant (Florence, SC) near the effluent discharge from the power plant,
      near the water intake to the cooling system, and from a control pond as well as
      on bluegills exposed under controlled laboratory conditions. Metalloproteins were
      separated into low molecular weight (LMW), intermediate molecular weight (IMW),
      and high molecular weight (HMW) fractions by using high-performance liquid
      chromatography. In the field-exposed bluegills, Cu concentrations in the LMW,
      IMW, and HMW fractions were highest in bluegills from the discharge site and
      lowest in those from the control pond. In the laboratory-exposed bluegills, Cu
      concentrations in the fractions increased with exposure concentration and time.
      Concentrations of Cu in the LMW protein fraction and pellet of bluegills exposed
      to 160 micrograms Cu/L appeared to plateau with long exposure times, whereas
      those in the HMW fraction continued to increase. Bluegills maintained in 80
      micrograms Cu/L water at pH 5.5 accumulated lower concentrations of Cu in the LMW
      and pellet fractions and higher amounts in the HMW than in those maintained in 80
      micrograms Cu/L at pH 7.0. Mortality was dependent on exposure concentration and
      duration and was higher in bluegills maintained in water at pH 5.5 than at pH
      7.0.

PMID- 3709432
TI  - Unique properties of Cd-binding peptides induced in fission yeast,
      Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
AB  - Metallothioneins, a class of low molecular weight cysteine-rich proteins that
      bind heavy metal ions, have been found in various eucaryotic organisms. When
      fission yeasts are grown in the presence of high concentration of CdCl2, large
      amounts of Cd-binding peptides (Cd-BP1 and Cd-BP2) are synthesized. Cd-BP1 (MW
      4000) contains 4 mole of small unit peptide (cadystin, MW 771), 6 mole of Cd2+,
      and 1 mole of the labile sulfide; on the other hand, Cd-BP2 (MW 1800) contains 2
      mole of cadystin and 2 mole of Cd2+. While Cd-BP2 shows similarities to mammalian
      Cd-thioneins in UV and CD spectra, Cd-BP1 has a characteristic shoulder at 265 nm
      in the UV absorption spectrum and shows two marked Cotton bands at 257 nm
      (negative) and 275 nm (positive). These characteristics of Cd-BP1 are not found
      in the other Cd-thioneins. When Cd-BP1 is acidified (pH 2.0) and successively
      neutralized, a shoulder of 265 nm in the UV spectrum and a Cotton band at 275 nm
      disappear, and the molecular weight changes from 4000 to 1800, with simultaneous
      loss of the labile sulfide. While the reconstituted complex without labile
      sulfide showed the characteristics of Cd-BP2, the reconstituted complex in the
      presence of labile sulfide indicated partial reconstitution of Cd-BP1. The UV and
      CD spectra differences between reconstituted and native Cd-BP1 suggest the
      requirement for some additional molecular architecture including another peptide
      Cd2+ interaction. Induction of cadystin synthesis is almost exclusive for Cd, but
      an exception is a small amount of cadystin also induced by the higher
      concentration of CuCl2 (2.5 mM).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3709433
TI  - Cadmium accumulation and protein binding patterns in tissues of the rainbow
      trout, Salmo gairdneri.
AB  - Rainbow trout were exposed to defined levels of cadmium in their aquarium water
      for differing periods at a variety of near-lethal concentrations that ensured the
      survival of the majority of the fish. The gills, liver and kidney together
      accounted for 99% of the accumulated load of body cadmium in the fish under these
      conditions. Although the proportion of total cadmium present in the liver
      remained relatively constant throughout, the distribution of the remainder
      between gill and kidney altered with the time of exposure. The cadmium in all
      three organs was bound by two low molecular weight proteins distinct in character
      from metallothionein. The isoforms of metallothionein were also present but were
      found to bind only zinc and copper. By contrast, when trout were injected with
      cadmium intraperitoneally, most of the metal accumulated in the liver where it
      was sequestered by the two isoforms of metallothionein. Pre-exposure of the trout
      to either a low concentration of cadmium (for several months) or to an elevated
      concentration of zinc (for 5 days) allowed the animals to survive a subsequent
      exposure to a high, otherwise lethal concentration of cadmium. The proteins
      responsible for sequestration of the two metals were identified, but two
      different mechanisms seemed to be involved in the protection of the animals. The
      significance of these observations in terms of the induction of proteins and the
      prevention of the toxic effects of cadmium is considered.

PMID- 3709434
TI  - Heavy metal-induced gene expression in fish and fish cell lines.
AB  - Two isoforms of metallothionein (MT) have been isolated from rainbow trout livers
      following CdCl2 injections. These MTs have been identified by standard procedures
      and appear to be similar to mammalian MTs. Total RNA from such induced livers was
      shown to contain high levels of MT-mRNA activity when translated in cell free
      systems. This activity was demonstrated to be in the 8 to 10S region of a sucrose
      gradient. The RNA fractions also showed homology to a mouse MT-I cDNA probe. The
      exposure of rainbow trout hepatoma (RTH) cells to various concentrations of CdCl2
      and ZnCl2 induced the expression of MT and MT-mRNA. Exposure of Chinook salmon
      embryonic (CHSE) cells to these metals, however, did not result in MT synthesis,
      suggesting that the MT genes have not become committed to transcription. Instead,
      an unknown low molecular weight (MW = 14 kDa) protein was induced. This metal
      inducible protein (MIP) was capable of binding 109Cd and was stable to heating,
      while the binding of the metal to this protein was not. These characteristics
      have been reported for a protein induced in rainbow trout liver following
      environmental exposure to cadmium. We suggest that both MT and MIP may function
      in detoxification of heavy metals.

PMID- 3709435
TI  - Transition metal-binding proteins from three Chesapeake Bay fish species.
AB  - Three species of Chesapeake Bay fish were collected, and endogenous levels of
      metal binding protein (MBP) were determined. In addition, the induction of metal
      binding proteins by cadmium was studied. Livers from freshly caught fish were
      extracted and chromatographed on Sephadex G-75 to resolve MBP in the 5 to 20
      kdalton range. All species studied exhibit measurable but varied levels of
      endogenous MBPs in the molecular weight range investigated, mostly as a copper
      protein complex. Upon induction with cadmium, the total MBP content increased in
      both catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and striped bass (Morone saxatilis), with
      significant amounts of cadmium bound to the protein. In white perch (Morone
      americana), induction of MBPs with cadmium could not be demonstrated due to the
      large amount of constitutive Cu-BP present, although significant quantities of
      cadmium were bound to MBP. Electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel was used to
      further identify these MBPs. Electrochemical analysis of the MBPs by polarography
      indicated that the wave properties of the fish MBPs resemble that of rat
      metallothionein. In conclusion, these studies indicate that: MBPs are present in
      estuarine fish from the Chesapeake Bay; concentrations of MBPs and their
      inducibility by exogenous cadmium vary with species, and fish MBPs may be related
      to mammalian metallothionein.

PMID- 3709436
TI  - Hg- and Cu-induced hepatocellular changes in the mummichog, Fundulus
      heteroclitus.
AB  - To investigate mechanisms by which the mummichog (F. heteroclitus) successfully
      withstands heavy metal pollution, fish were treated with Hg2+ at up to 0.10 mg/L,
      Cu2+ at up to 1.0 mg/L, or combinations of Hg2+ and Cu2+. In earlier work,
      protein analysis of liver indicated that most of the cytosolic Cu is bound to the
      sulfhydryl-rich metallothionein, but that Hg is not associated with cytosolic
      proteins. Morphometric analysis indicates the Hg-treatment increases the lipid
      compartment of hepatocytes (ANOVA, F = 10.73, p less than 0.01). This lipid
      increase is correlated with the Hg content (analyzed by atomic absorption
      spectrophotometry) of individual liver samples (Spearman rank correlation, rs =
      0.621, p less than 0.01). Cu treatment causes a reduction in the lipid
      compartment (F = 10.38, p less than 0.01), reduced cytoplasm in general (F =
      18.55, p less than 0.001) and an increased lysosome count (F = 14.21, p less than
      0.001). X-Ray microanalysis locates Cu in secondary lysosomes, but not in other
      organelles. Results of treatment with both Hg2+ and Cu2+ are similar to those of
      Hg2+ alone. Concentrations of Cu in liver varied too much to allow assessment of
      correlations with cytoplasmic changes. Usual mechanisms for handling toxic heavy
      metals include binding to metallothionein and sequestering in lysosomes. Our
      findings for Cu are in agreement with this. Fish, however, can methylate Hg. (We
      have found greater than 75% of killifish hepatic Hg to be methylated.) Increased
      cellular lipid may be a mechanism for sequestering the lipid-soluble
      methylmercury.

PMID- 3709437
TI  - Metal-binding proteins as metal pollution indicators.
AB  - The fact that metal-binding proteins are a consequence of elevated metal
      concentration in organisms is well known. What has been overlooked is that the
      presence of these proteins provides a unique opportunity to reformulate the
      criteria of metal pollution. The detoxification effect of metal-binding proteins
      in animals from polluted areas has been cited, but there have been only very few
      studies relating metal-binding proteins to pollution. This lack is due partly to
      the design of most experiments, which were aimed at isolation of metal-binding
      proteins and hence were of too short duration to allow for correlation to adverse
      physiological effects on the organism. In this study metal-binding proteins were
      isolated and characterized from five different marine animals (rock lobster,
      Jasus lalandii; hermit crab, Diogenes brevirostris; sandshrimp, Palaemon
      pacificus; black mussel, Choromytilus meridionalis; and limpet, Patella
      granularis). These animals were kept under identical metal-enriched conditions,
      hence eliminating differences in method and seasons. The study animals belonged
      to different phyla; varied in size, mass, age, behavior, food requirements and
      life stages; and accumulated metals at different rates. It is possible to link
      unseasonal moulting in crustacea, a known physiological effect due to a metal
      enriched environment, to the production of the metal-binding protein without
      evidence of obvious metal body burden. Thus a new concept of pollution is
      defined: the presence of metal-binding proteins confirms toxic metal pollution.
      This concept was then tested under field conditions in the whelk Bullia digitalis
      and in metal-enriched grass.

PMID- 3709438
TI  - Cadmium-binding proteins in the scallop Pecten maximus.
AB  - Scallops, Pecten maximus, accumulate cadmium naturally in the digestive gland to
      a level of approximately 100 ppm wet weight. Of this cadmium, 60% was soluble and
      was composed of three weight classes as judged by Sephadex G-100 chromatography.
      Of the soluble cadmium, 60% was in the 55,000 molecular weight range and 20% each
      in an excluded fraction and a 10,000 molecular weight fraction. The 55,000
      molecular weight fraction, after further purification, showed a maximum cadmium
      concentration of 1.4% by weight. The cadmium was thiolate bound but not as
      strongly bound as in the case of metallothionein. The 10,000 molecular weight
      fraction was a metallothionein-like protein.

PMID- 3709439
TI  - Dynamic metal-thiolate cluster structure of metallothioneins.
AB  - 113Cd-NMR studies have established that vertebrate and invertebrate
      metallothioneins contain two unique metal-thiolate clusters. However, it proved
      to be difficult to account theoretically for all features of the 113Cd-NMR
      spectra. In a reinvestigation of these features using chromatographically
      homogeneous 113Cd7-metallothionein we have identified a total of seven 113Cd
      resonances and have confirmed the massive intensity difference among these
      signals. From the effects of variations in temperature, ionic strength, and
      magnetic field on one-dimensional 113Cd-NMR spectra and from two-dimensional J
      resolved 113Cd-NMR spectrum it was concluded that the seven 113Cd signals are
      composed of several overlapping multiplets and indicative of a dynamic
      organization of the metal-thiolate clusters. The same nonrigid structure is also
      indicated individually by recent two-dimensional correlated (COSY) 1H-NMR studies
      of 113Cd7-metallothionein. While showing 113Cd-1H coupling for 19 of the 20
      cysteine residues, these studies have evidence for only two "bridging" cysteine
      ligands of the clusters instead of the expected eight suggesting interferences by
      metal-thiolate exchange process at the 1H-NMR time scale. Analogous indirect
      evidence for structural mobility of the clusters comes from EXAFS measurements of
      Zn7-metallothionein and from measurements of the perturbed angular correlation of
      gamma-rays (PAC) emis-sion of 111mCd-metallothionein. Thus, while the EXAFS
      spectra revealed back-scattering from the thiolate ligands, lattice movements
      within the cluster is believed to preclude back-scattering from neighboring
      metals. Similarly, in the PAC time spectra the damping of the major oscillatory
      component was attributed to inordinately large charge fluctuation in the
      immediate environment of the 111mCd nucleus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3709440
TI  - Isolation and partial characterization of a high molecular weight Cd/Zn-binding
      protein from the kidney of the scallop Placopecten magellanicus: preliminary
      studies.
AB  - Exposure of the scallop Placopecten magellanicus to 20 ppb Cd2+ in seawater for 7
      weeks results in a 7-fold increase in the kidney cytosol content of Cd and 5-fold
      increase in Zn. Sephadex G-75 column chromatography of the kidney cytosol showed
      that most of the Cd and Zn were bound to a protein complex with an estimated
      molecular mass of 45,000 daltons. Further purification of this complex by DEAE A
      25 column chromatography disclosed the presence of five peaks with varying
      degrees of affinity for the ion-exchange resin. One of these peaks (III) was
      successfully rechromatographed by ion-exchange chromatography and further
      purified by HPLC using a gel-permeation column. The resultant protein peak which
      was resistant to disaggregation by 20 mM dithiothreitol gave a preliminary amino
      acid composition with cysteine, glycine, alanine, and lysine as the major amino
      acids. The aromatic amino acid phenylalanine was also present. The ultraviolet
      absorption spectrum gave a 250/280 nm ratio of 2.5:1. Metal analysis of the
      purified protein showed that it contained Cd, Zn, and Cu in ratios of 1:1:1.
      Results of these studies indicate that scallop kidney produces a protein complex
      which appears to share both similarities with mammalian metallothionein with
      respect to the presence of both Cd and Zn but different with respect to apparent
      size, amino acid composition, and ultraviolet absorption spectrum.

PMID- 3709441
TI  - Relationships between free cadmium ion activity in seawater, cadmium accumulation
      and subcellular distribution, and growth in polychaetes.
AB  - We have examined the relationships between Cd ion activity [Cd2+], in seawater,
      Cd accumulation and subcellular distribution and growth in the polychaete
      Neanthes arenaceodentata. Organisms were exposed for 3 weeks to a range of [Cd2+]
      in a Cd-chelate buffer system. Cadmium accumulation and growth were monitored
      weekly for each exposure group and subcellular Cd distributions were determined
      at the end of the 3-week period. We found Cd associated with all of the
      subcellular fractions except the very low molecular weight ligands. Total Cd
      accumulation was greatest at day 7 and decreased over time in all but the highest
      [Cd2+] where it remained constant. For each point in time, however, there was a
      linear relationship between total Cd and [Cd2+] in seawater. Linear relationships
      were also observed between [Cd2+] and Cd loading in each subcellular ligand pool.
      Specific growth rates varied with both [Cd2+] and time in a nonlinear manner.

PMID- 3709442
TI  - Techniques and problems in metal-binding protein chemistry and implications for
      proteins in nonmammalian organisms.

PMID- 3709443
TI  - Nomenclature and possible evolutionary pathways of metallothionein and related
      proteins.

PMID- 3709444
TI  - Roles of metallothionein and related proteins in metal metabolism and toxicity:
      problems and perspectives.
AB  - This summary examines some of the known and hypothesized roles of metallothionein
      and related proteins in mediating the metal metabolism and toxicity from a
      chemical perspective. It attempts to examine in kinetic terms how such molecules
      may exert homeostatic control over the intracellular bioavailability of metal
      ions to essential enzymatic or other molecular systems. The concept of ongoing
      competition between metallothionein and related proteins with other intracellular
      metal-binding sites for various metals is also examined in relation to the
      thermodynamic stability of these proteins. Comparisons between mammalian
      metallothionein and analogous nonmammalian proteins demonstrate both similarities
      and great differences in types of metal-binding sites, metal-binding constants,
      amino acid composition, and secondary structures such that apparent diversity of
      these low molecular weight metal-binding molecules in nature appears to be
      growing ever wider. The potential value of these data rests both in delineating
      new hypotheses for metallothionein evolution and in suggesting new model systems
      for discovering the normal function of metallothionein and related proteins in
      cells.

PMID- 3709445
TI  - Conference on phthalic acid esters. August 6-7, 1984, Guildford, England.

PMID- 3709446
TI  - Aspects of the testicular toxicity of phthalate esters.
AB  - Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) produced seminiferous tubular atrophy and
      reductions in seminal vesicle and prostate weight in 4-week-old, but not in 15
      week-old rats. Di-n-pentyl phthalate (DPP) did produce atrophy in the older rats
      but this developed more slowly than in young animals. Coadministration of
      testosterone or gonadotrophins did not protect against phthalate-induced
      testicular toxicity but did partly reverse the depression of seminal vesicle and
      prostate weight. Secretion of seminiferous tubule fluid and androgen binding
      protein by the Sertoli cells was markedly suppressed within 1 hr of a dose of DPP
      or mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) in immature rats. This occurred less
      rapidly in mature rats. [14C]Mono-n-pentyl phthalate and [14C]MEHP penetrated the
      blood testis barrier only to a very limited extent. These findings and the early
      morphological changes in the Sertoli cells produced by DPP suggest that phthalate
      esters may act initially to cause Sertoli cell injury, the subsequent loss of
      germ cells occurring as a consequence of this. Some features of the testicular
      lesion could be reproduced in primary cocultures of rat Sertoli and germ cells.
      Structure activity studies with a range of phthalate monoesters showed good
      agreement between the induction of germ cell detachment in culture and testicular
      toxicity in vivo. Three metabolites of MEHP (metabolites V, VI, and IX) were much
      less toxic in culture than MEHP itself, suggesting that the latter may be the
      active testicular toxin from DEHP.

PMID- 3709447
TI  - Age-dependent response of the rat testes to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.
AB  - Spermatogenesis starts soon after birth in the Sprague-Dawley rat but is not
      fully established until about 56 days of age. When high oral doses of the
      plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were given to rats of different
      ages, testicular damage was observed in immature but not in mature animals.
      Plasma concentration and urinary excretion data suggested that the
      gastrointestinal absorption of the DEHP-derived metabolite mono(2-ethylhexyl)
      phthalate was higher in young animals. Young rats were not more susceptible than
      older for repeated intravenous infusions of DEHP. It is suggested that the age
      related difference observed in testicular response after oral administration of
      DEHP may be due to pharmacokinetic rather than tissue sensitivity differences. It
      is concluded that in assessing risks of testicular injuries in children exposed
      to DEHP, additional studies are required using species in which testicular
      development is more similar to that of humans.

PMID- 3709448
TI  - Effects of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) on the neonate and aspects of teratogenic
      actions.
AB  - A review of the literature reveals that several different phthalic acid esters
      (PAEs) are capable of causing testicular damage. Phthalate-induced zinc
      deficiency is consistent with germinal epithelial damage. Among experimental
      animals, mice perhaps show the greatest sensitivity to phthalate-induced terata,
      but high doses/exposure are required. Little toxicologic information is available
      with regard to phthalate-induced effects upon the neonate.

PMID- 3709449
TI  - Fetotoxic effects of mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) in mice.
AB  - Mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), one of the main metabolites of di(2
      ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), exerted embryo/fetotoxic effects similar to those
      of DEHP at lower doses. Oral administration of MEHP (1 mL/kg) to the mice of 8
      days gestation resulted in less than 32% of live fetuses, all of which were
      deformed. When DEHP (10 mL/kg) was given to the pregnant mice of 8 days
      gestation, approximately 0.03% and 0.003% of the administered dose was found in
      fetuses as DEHP and MEHP, respectively, after 12 hr. The presence of the MEHP in
      fetuses is probably due to the transplacental crossing of the MEHP formed in the
      maternal body, since the fetuses of mice up to day 9 of pregnancy showed no
      hydrolytic activity of DEHP to MEHP. Crossing of MEHP through the placenta was
      proven by an experiment in which MEHP was administered in pregnant mice. A single
      injection of MEHP (25 or 50 mg/kg), but not DEHP (500 mg/kg) into pregnant mice,
      induced a significantly high incidence of somatic mutations in the coat hair of
      offspring of mice (KYG, female X PW, male; C57BL/6Crj, female X PW, male). All
      these data suggest that MEHP could be responsible for the embryotoxic/fetotoxic
      effects observed with DEHP.

PMID- 3709450
TI  - Genetic toxicology of phthalate esters: mutagenic and other genotoxic effects.
AB  - The effects of DEHP on sperm morphology and on peripheral blood micronuclei were
      studied for 12 weeks following five subacute IP injections of DEHP at 1/6, 1/12,
      and 1/60 of the LD50 per day. Sperm morphology was examined in both adult mice
      and rats, while peripheral blood micronuclei were scored in mice up to 4 weeks
      after treatment. In mice, DEHP at 1/6 LD50 significantly depressed body weight
      gain for up to 12 weeks after treatment, and reduced epididymal sperm number by 4
      weeks. Numbers of morphologically abnormal sperm did not differ from controls in
      the 12 weeks following treatment. In addition, DEHP did not increase the numbers
      of peripheral blood micronuclei. Studies in the rat indicated that exposure to
      doses of 1/6 and 1/12 of the LD50 per day of DEHP resulted in a reduced gain in
      body weight compared to controls. Testis weight, sperm number, and numbers of
      morphologically abnormal sperm were unaffected by DEHP following treatment. In
      separate experiments, DEHP did not induce sister chromatid exchange (SCE) or DNA
      damage in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Although DEHP is known to cause
      testicular atrophy in rats and to a lesser extent in mice, it did not cause an
      increase in abnormal sperm in either species. Together with the CHO and
      micronucleus data, these findings suggest that DEHP has a low probability of
      causing genetic damage capable of being transmitted through the male germ line.

PMID- 3709451
TI  - Studies on the genetic effects of phthalic acid esters on cells in culture.
AB  - Mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) induced chromosome aberrations in cells of
      two culture lines, one derived from Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) and the
      other from rat liver cells (RL4). In CHO cells, the clastogenicity of MEHP was
      unaffected by the presence of an exogenous metabolic activation system (S-9 mix).
      2-Ethylhexanol, o-phthalic acid, and phthalic anhydride were without effect.
      Cytochemical methods and assays for carnitine acetyltransferase and KCN
      insensitive palmitoyl CoA oxidation were employed to determine whether chromosome
      damage was associated with peroxisome proliferation. No evidence of an increase
      in peroxisome numbers or of induction of marker enzymes was found in CHO cells
      treated with MEHP for up to 72 hr. Clofibric acid and BR931 were also
      ineffective. Observations on changes in CHO cell structure and permeability, and
      on the haemolytic effects of phthalate monoesters, suggest that the cytotoxicity
      of MEHP may be due primarily to its action on cell membranes. Since chromosome
      damage was observed only at cytotoxic concentrations, it is suggested that damage
      to lysosomal membranes and the release of endonucleases may be responsible for
      the observed clastogenicity of MEHP in vitro.

PMID- 3709452
TI  - Investigation of the potential for binding of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)
      to rat liver DNA in vivo.
AB  - It was the aim of this investigation to determine whether or not covalent binding
      of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) to rat liver DNA could be a mechanism of
      action contributing to the observed induction of liver tumors after lifetime
      feeding of rodents with high doses of DEHP. DEHP radiolabeled in different
      positions was administered orally to female F344 rats with or without
      pretreatment for 4 weeks with 1% unlabeled DEHP in the diet. Liver DNA was
      isolated after 16 hr and analyzed for radioactivity. Administration of
      [14C]carboxylate-labeled DEHP resulted in no measurable DNA radioactivity. With
      DEHP [14C]- and [3H]-labeled in the alcohol moiety as well as with 2-ethyl[1
      14C]hexanol, radioactivity was clearly measurable in the DNA. HPLC analysis of
      enzyme-degraded DNA revealed that the normal nucleosides had incorporated
      radiolabel whereas no radioactivity was detectable in those fractions where the
      carcinogen-modified nucleoside adducts are expected. A quantitative evaluation of
      the negative data in terms of a limit of detection for a covalent binding index
      (CBI) indicates that covalent interaction with DNA is highly unlikely to be the
      mode of tumorigenic action of DEHP in rodents.

PMID- 3709453
TI  - Carcinogenic potential of phthalic acid esters and related compounds: structure
      activity relationships.
AB  - Chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity studies of several phthalic acid esters
      (PAEs) and compounds containing a 2-ethylhexyl moiety were conducted in Fischer
      344 rats and B6C3F1 (hybrid) mice. The compounds studied were phthalic anhydride,
      di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, butyl benzyl phthalate, diallyl phthalate, di(2
      ethylhexyl) adipate, tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, and 2-ethylhexyl sulfate
      (sodium salt). Estimated maximum tolerable doses and fractionally lower doses of
      each compound were administered to groups of 50 male and 50 female rats and mice
      for 2 years, followed by sacrifice, necropsy, and histopathological examination
      of major organs and tissues. The low toxic potencies of most of the compounds
      allowed for relatively high doses to be given during the chronic studies. In
      general, the toxic manifestations of the PAEs were closely correlated with their
      ester substituents. Although many of the PAEs possessed some carcinogenic
      activity, target sites for such effects were dissimilar, suggesting the absence
      of a common mode of action. In contrast, all of the 2-ethylhexyl-containing
      compounds studied possessed some hepatocarcinogenic activity, indicating that
      this moiety may have a propensity for causing hepatocarcinogenesis in mice,
      particularly those of the female sex. The 2-ethylhexyl compound that caused the
      greatest hepatocarcinogenic response in mice, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, was
      also hepatocarcinogenic in rats. Similarly, those with a relatively greater
      effect in female mice were also active in male mice. Thus, sex and species
      differences in 2-ethylhexyl-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rodents are probably
      quantitative rather than qualitative in nature.

PMID- 3709454
TI  - Tumor-initiating and promoting activities of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in vivo
      and in vitro.
AB  - The carcinogenic effects of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), including its
      potential as an initiator and as a promoter of carcinogenesis, were studied in
      mouse liver and skin and in rat liver in vivo, and in mouse epidermis-derived JB6
      cells in vitro. A mouse model for liver initiation and promotion involved
      initiation by injection of N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) intraperitoneally into
      male B6C3F1 mice at 4 weeks of age, followed by exposure to either DEHP in the
      diet (3000, 6000, or 12,000 ppm) or phenobarbital in the drinking water (500
      ppm), beginning 1 to 2 weeks later and continuing for periods of from 1 day to 18
      months. Female F344/NCr rats were subjected to a similar protocol in which
      promotion continued for 14 weeks. DEHP promoted focal hepatocellular
      proliferative lesions (FHPL), including hyperplastic foci and neoplasms initiated
      by DEN in mice but not in rats. Skin-painting studies in female CD-1 or SENCAR
      mice involved initiation by a single topical exposure to 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]
      anthracene (DMBA) applied to the dorsal skin, followed by repeated percutaneous
      exposure to a tumor promoter, either DEHP or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
      (TPA). To test for two-stage skin tumor promotion, SENCAR mice were initiated
      with DMBA and then TPA was administered for only 2 weeks, after which DEHP was
      subsequently administered for 26 weeks. DEHP displayed very weak complete
      promoting activity and definite second stage promoting activity in SENCAR mouse
      skin, but was inactive under our conditions on CD-1 mouse skin. In vitro
      promoting activity of DEHP and its hydrolysis products, mono(2-ethylhexyl)
      phthalate (MEHP) and 2-ethylhexanol (EH), was studied by using promotable mouse
      epidermis-derived JB6 cells. DEHP and MEHP promoted JB6 cells to anchorage
      independence, while EH did not.

PMID- 3709455
TI  - Characterization studies on cadmium-mycophosphatin from the mushroom Agaricus
      macrosporus.
AB  - A low molecular weight Cd-binding phosphoglycoprotein, cadmium-mycophosphatin,
      has been isolated from the mushroom Agaricus macrosporus. This protein has a
      molecular weight of 12,000 dalton and contains no sulfur but a high amount of
      acid amino acids (Glu, Asp), and carbohydrates (glucose, galactose). Cadmium
      mycophosphatin has an isoelectric point less than pH 2, binds cadmium with a
      dissociation constant of KD = 1.59 X 10 M (pKD = 6.8) and is saturated with 13.5
      mole Cd/mole, all Cd-binding sites being equivalent. It is suggested that Cd is
      bound by phosphoserine groups, similar relations being known from calcium-binding
      proteins in animals. From A. macrosporus four other low-molecular weight
      glycoproteins have been isolated which contain sulfur and bind cadmium and
      copper. The biological significance of these Cd-binding proteins is discussed.

PMID- 3709456
TI  - Distribution of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and products in blood and blood
      components.
AB  - In order to impart flexibility, plastic medical devices incorporate liquid
      plasticizers into their structure. Data from several laboratories, including
      ours, have shown that these compounds leach from blood bags and tubing during
      collection of blood, storage of various blood components and during kidney
      dialysis and cell and plasma apheresis procedures. After the plasticizer di(2
      ethylhexyl) phthalate leaches from poly(vinyl chloride) blood packs, it is
      converted by a plasma enzyme to a more toxic metabolite, mono(2-ethylhexyl)
      phthalate. Blood fractionation products from outdated plasma contain mono(2
      ethylhexyl) phthalate, the highest level being found in normal serum albumin.
      Recently, we have reported that di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate actually binds to the
      red blood cell membrane and reduces its osmotic fragility. Current methods of red
      cells storage, which permit utilization up to 35 days after collection, are not
      possible without this membrane stabilization. Platelets are now stored for 5 days
      in the Fenwal PL 732 polyolefin bag. Although stated to be essentially free of
      liquid plasticizers, a significant level of leaching from this bag into the
      extracts of stored platelet concentrates was observed.

PMID- 3709458
TI  - Chemical industry voluntary test program for phthalate esters: health effects
      studies.
AB  - The Chemical Manufacturers' Association voluntary test program on phthalate
      esters is described, and the results of certain key aspects of the program are
      presented. Representative phthalate esters were chosen for genotoxicity testing
      and peroxisome proliferation screening, and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and
      its initial metabolic products were tested in the genotoxicity battery. A
      comparative metabolism study was performed with DEHP in the mouse, rat, and
      cynomologus monkey, together with a study of the metabolism of DEHP in the rodent
      at several dose levels, and after prolonged feeding. A standard test for
      peroxisome proliferation in the rat, employing 21 days of feeding and several end
      points is described, based on DEHP as a reference compound. DEHP is shown to be
      nongenotoxic in the test battery, and its initial major metabolites are also
      nongenotoxic. A nonlinear dose response with respect to the beta-oxidation of
      DEHP in the rodent is demonstrated. Quantitative differences exist between the
      mouse and rat, and the cynomologus monkey with respect to the beta-oxidation of
      DEHP, beta-oxidation being a much less used pathway in the monkey. The
      significance of these results in interpreting the hepatocellular carcinogenesis
      of DEHP in the Fischer 344 rat is discussed.

PMID- 3709457
TI  - Comparison of hepatic peroxisome proliferative effect and its implication for
      hepatocarcinogenicity of phthalate esters, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and di(2
      ethylhexyl) adipate with a hypolipidemic drug.
AB  - Peroxisome proliferation is inducible in hepatocytes of rodent and nonrodent
      species by structurally dissimilar hypolipidemic drugs and certain phthalate
      ester plasticizers. The induction of peroxisome proliferation appears to be a
      tissue specific response limited largely to the hepatocyte. Peroxisome
      proliferation is associated with increases in the activity of the H2O2-generating
      peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation system and in the amount of peroxisome
      proliferation-associated 80,000 MW polypeptide (PPA-80). Chronic administration
      of these non-DNA damaging and nonmutagenic peroxisome proliferators to rats and
      mice results in the development of hepatocellular carcinomas. Comparative
      morphometric and biochemical data from rats treated with varying dose levels of
      ciprofibrate, a hypolipidemic drug, and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and di(2
      ethylhexyl) adipate, the widely used plasticizers, indicate that the
      hepatocarcinogenic potency of these agents is correlatable with their ability to
      induce peroxisome proliferation, peroxisomal beta-oxidation and PPA-80. Available
      evidence strongly favors the role of peroxisome proliferation-associated
      oxidative stress in the induction of liver tumors by peroxisome proliferators.

PMID- 3709459
TI  - Chemical form of cadmium (and other heavy metals) in rice and wheat plants.
AB  - Chemical forms of heavy metals such as Cd, Cu, Ni, and Pb in rice and wheat
      plants grown in nutrient solution containing a heavy metal were investigated.
      Fractionation of an extract of Cd-treated rice plants on Sephadex G-75 showed
      cadmium to be associated with organic compounds of high (fraction A),
      intermediary (fraction B), and low molecular weight (fraction C). Material A,
      whose molecular weight was greater than 440,000, is probably nonspecific binding
      of Cd to normal cell components. Materials B and C can be classified as types of
      metallothionein. The molecular weight of B was 33,100. This material contains 12
      mg Cd/g protein. The UV-absorption spectrum of B showed absorptions at 280 and
      250 nm. Material B was not eluted even at a very high ionic strength from the
      DEAE-cellulose column, but it was eluted at a very low ionic strength from a CM
      cellulose column, indicating a highly anionic molecule which differs from
      metallothionein in animals. Fraction C contains two materials: one a Cd
      containing material whose molecular weight was estimated to be approximately 7000
      and the other an inorganic Cd salt. In addition to cadmium, copper, lead, and
      nickel in rice and wheat have been studied. As a result, heavy metal-containing
      materials whose molecular weights were estimated to be approximately 16,000 and
      8900 (Ni-treated rice plants), 7000 (Pb-treated rice plants), 5000 (Cd-treated
      wheat plants), and 21,000 (Cu-treated wheat plants) were isolated.

PMID- 3709460
TI  - Environmental fate and aquatic toxicology studies on phthalate esters.
AB  - A comprehensive environmental fate and effects testing program, sponsored by the
      Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA) Phthalate Esters Program Panel, has been
      completed. Based on the results, a preliminary safety assessment has shown that
      all of the 14 commercially important phthalates tested have sufficiently high
      safety factors to demonstrate low potential for adverse environmental effects.
      This program comprised acute toxicity studies on nine representative species of
      aquatic life, chronic reproduction studies on Daphnia magna, biodegradation
      (fate) testing, and physicochemical property (mobility) determinations on 14
      phthalate esters. The objectives of this program were to determine for each test
      compound: The concentration at which effects on aquatic life might occur, the
      potential for bioconcentration in aquatic life, and the relative persistence in
      the environment. These data would provide the basis for an environmental safety
      assessment and would identify potential effects that might require further
      investigation. A total of 195 individual studies were carried out. Tests on a
      wide variety of aquatic organisms representing different food chain levels in
      both fresh and salt water environments showed that no single test species was
      unusually sensitive to the test materials. The higher molecular weight (longer
      side-chain) phthalates exhibited no toxic effects up to their limits of water
      solubility in the test systems. Even though the lower molecular weight, more
      water-soluble phthalates produced toxic effects below their limits of water
      solubility, no product exhibited unusually severe effects of concern.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3709461
TI  - Effects of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate on the gonadal pathophysiology, sperm
      morphology, and reproductive performance of male rats.
AB  - Dietary exposure of adult male F344 rats to 0, 320, 1250, 5000, or 20,000 ppm
      DEHP for 60 consecutive days resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in total
      body, testis, epididymis, and prostate weights at 5000 and 20,000 ppm.
      Degenerative changes were observed in testis, along with decreased testicular
      zinc content, reduced epididymal sperm density and motility, and increased
      occurrence of abnormal sperm at 20,000 ppm. There was a trend towards reduced
      testosterone and increased luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone
      in serum at 5000 and 20,000 ppm. The mean percentage of fertile animals was
      unchanged and reduction in fertility parameters, although not marked in severity,
      were correlated with gonadal effects. Average litter size was reduced at 20,000
      ppm, but initial pup weights and growth were unaffected. There were no grossly
      observed abnormalities in the offspring and the rate of neonatal deaths was
      similar in control and DEHP treated groups. Characteristic toxicity
      manifestations of DEHP included dose-dependent enlargement of liver and reduced
      sperm triglycerides and cholesterol. Additionally, serum albumin and total
      proteins were dose dependently increased upon treatment with DEHP. Cessation of
      exposure to DEHP initiated partial to complete recovery from toxicity in most
      cases. The magnitude of recovery were variable with that of the gonads being
      slower than other systems. These data suggest a lack of reproductive dysfunction
      in F344 male rats at DEHP doses below 20,000 ppm which produced measurable
      testicular degeneration and afflicted epididymal sperm morphology under the
      present experimental conditions.

PMID- 3709462
TI  - Indirect health effects of relative humidity in indoor environments.
AB  - A review of the health effects of relative humidity in indoor environments
      suggests that relative humidity can affect the incidence of respiratory
      infections and allergies. Experimental studies on airborne-transmitted infectious
      bacteria and viruses have shown that the survival or infectivity of these
      organisms is minimized by exposure to relative humidities between 40 and 70%.
      Nine epidemiological studies examined the relationship between the number of
      respiratory infections or absenteeism and the relative humidity of the office,
      residence, or school. The incidence of absenteeism or respiratory infections was
      found to be lower among people working or living in environments with mid-range
      versus low or high relative humidities. The indoor size of allergenic mite and
      fungal populations is directly dependent upon the relative humidity. Mite
      populations are minimized when the relative humidity is below 50% and reach a
      maximum size at 80% relative humidity. Most species of fungi cannot grow unless
      the relative humidity exceeds 60%. Relative humidity also affects the rate of
      offgassing of formaldehyde from indoor building materials, the rate of formation
      of acids and salts from sulfur and nitrogen dioxide, and the rate of formation of
      ozone. The influence of relative humidity on the abundance of allergens,
      pathogens, and noxious chemicals suggests that indoor relative humidity levels
      should be considered as a factor of indoor air quality. The majority of adverse
      health effects caused by relative humidity would be minimized by maintaining
      indoor levels between 40 and 60%. This would require humidification during winter
      in areas with cold winter climates. Humidification should preferably use
      evaporative or steam humidifiers, as cool mist humidifiers can disseminate
      aerosols contaminated with allergens.

PMID- 3709463
TI  - Cadmium-binding proteins in the mussel, Mytilus edulis.
AB  - Inducible cadmium-binding proteins (Cd-BP) in the mussel, Mytilus edulis, were
      resolved into two molecular weight components, designated Cd-BP10 and Cd-BP20, by
      gel-permeation chromatography on Sephadex G-75. Each of these two molecular
      weight components were further resolved into four subcomponents by DEAE-ion
      exchange chromatography. All eight subcomponents bound cadmium and exhibited
      significant UV absorption at 254 nm and little absorption at 280 nm. Each
      subcomponent was purified and subjected to amino acid composition analysis. Two
      classes were identified, one having higher cysteine (23.9-26.6 mole-%) and lower
      glutamic acid contents compared to the other class (11.6-18.2 mole-% cysteine).
      All subcomponents have a relatively high glycine content (approximately 15 mole
      %) relative to mammalian metallothioneins (approximately 8 mole-%). Although the
      Cd-BP20 have apparent molecular weights almost twice the Cd-BP10, the exact
      molecular relationship between these binding proteins is not known.

PMID- 3709464
TI  - Mercury-binding proteins from the marine mussel, Mytilus edulis.
AB  - The marine mussel, Mytilus edulis, possesses low molecular weight, metal-binding
      proteins which can be induced by and, in turn, bind mercury when individuals are
      exposed to low, but elevated concentrations of mercury as HgCl2. Induction of the
      proteins by exposure of mussels to copper, cadmium, or mercury is associated with
      enhanced tolerance to mercury toxicity. Mercury-binding proteins isolated from
      gills of mussels occur as two molecular weight variants of about 20-25 and 10-12
      kdaltons, respectively, on Sephadex G-75. These have been designated as HgBP20
      and HgBP10 following the nomenclature used for cadmium-binding proteins. HgBP20
      represents the primary mercury-binding species. These exist as dimers which can
      be dissociated into subunits by treatment with 1% 2-mercaptoethanol. Further
      purification of HgBP20 by DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography resulted in
      the resolution of three major mercury-binding protein peaks; analysis of two of
      these showed that both had similar amino acid compositions with 26% half-cystine,
      16% glycine, and very low levels of the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine and
      tyrosine (0.3-0.5%), histidine (0.4%), methionine (about 0.5%), and leucine
      (about 1%). These are similar to the compositions of proteins reported as mussel
      thioneins by others. Separation of HgBP20 by anion-exchange high-performance
      liquid chromatography resulted in the resolution of six peaks, indicating a more
      complex situation than was evident from DEAE-cellulose separations. Although not
      completely purified, these also contain cysteine- and glycine-rich proteins.

PMID- 3709465
TI  - Cadmium-binding proteins of three marine molluscs and characterization of two
      cadmium-binding glycoproteins from the hepatopancreas of a whelk, Buccinum
      tenuissimum.
AB  - The cadmium-binding proteins were shown to exist in the hepatopancreas of three
      molluscs, a whelk, Buccinum tenuissimum, a turbo, Batillus cornutus, and a squid,
      Todarodes pacificus. Cadmium was efficiently accumulated in nature to a mean
      concentration of 119, 33, and 50 micrograms/g wet tissue in the hepatopancreas of
      three species of molluscs, and 30%, 11%, and 43% of the element in each tissue of
      whelk, turbo, and squid was extracted to the soluble fraction, respectively.
      Separation of the soluble fraction by Sephadex G-75 in the presence of 2
      mercaptoethanol revealed that cadmium was mainly bound to the protein fraction
      FII of molecular weight 10,000. Two cytoplasmic cadmium-binding glycoproteins
      from the hepatopancreas of Buccinum tenuissimum were purified to homogeneity by
      Sephadex G-75 gel filtration and double DEAE-Sephadex A-25 chromatographies in
      the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol. These two cadmium-binding glycoproteins,
      termed FIIA and FIIB, had molecular weights of 8000 and 13,000 and consisted of
      52 and 94 amino acid residues, respectively. Three and two cysteine residues in
      FIIA and FIIB, respectively, were found and two more half-cystine were also
      detected in FIIB. The sugar contents of FIIA and FIIB were about 20.5% and 8.7%
      by weight, respectively, consisting of galactose, mannose, fucose, and amino
      sugar. Both showed strong metal-binding ability, especially for cadmium, copper,
      and mercury.

PMID- 3709466
TI  - Cadmium-binding proteins in Pseudomonas putida: pseudothioneins.
AB  - Pseudomonas putida adapted to growth in 3 mM cadmium. The resistance mechanism
      involved complexation of cadmium in polyphosphate granules, changes in the
      structure of the cell membrane and induction of three cysteine-rich, low
      molecular weight proteins (3500-7000) containing 4 to 7 g-atoms per mole of
      cadmium, zinc, and copper. Each protein was produced during a different phase of
      growth, and the smallest protein (3500) was released into the environment when
      the cells lysed at the end of the exponential phase. The metal binding sites of
      the major protein were further characterized using a range of physical methods,
      including 113Cd NMR. The properties of the bacterial pseudothioneins are compared
      to those of metallothioneins.

PMID- 3709467
TI  - Characterization studies on the cadmium-binding proteins from two species of New
      Zealand oysters.
AB  - Two different types of New Zealand oysters--Ostrea lutaria (OL) and Crassostrea
      glomerata (CG)--contained different concentrations of zinc, copper, and cadmium.
      OL oysters had 5.3 micrograms Cd/g, 3.4 micrograms Cu/g, 100 micrograms Zn/g; CG
      oysters had 1.4 micrograms Cd/g and 936 micrograms Zn/g. Both kinds of oysters
      were shown by gel filtration (G-75) to contain cadmium and zinc in fractions
      corresponding to a high molecular weight protein (corresponding to the size of
      albumin or larger) which was heat labile. OL oysters contained cadmium in
      fractions corresponding to a molecular weight of approximately 6500. The cadmium
      binding protein in these fractions was heat-stable. This protein contained no
      detectable amounts of zinc and was not present in the CG oysters. Further
      purification by gel filtration (G-50) was performed to obtain a purer protein
      fraction. Isoelectric focusing of the protein obtained by G-50 filtration showed
      one main fraction of protein with a pI approximately 5.9 at approximately 13
      degrees C. CG oysters contained cadmium and zinc in a polypeptide with low
      molecular weight (MW 1000). The cadmium-binding oyster proteins are minimally
      reactive in a competitive binding radioimmunoassay in comparison to the
      reactivity of a typical vertebrate metallothionein; the proteins may be
      metallothioneins, but, if so, they do not exhibit the principal determinants
      characteristic of vertebrate metallothioneins.

PMID- 3709468
TI  - Purification and characterization studies of cadmium-binding proteins from the
      American oyster, Crassostrea virginica.
AB  - The previously reported low molecular weight cadmium-binding protein (CdBP) from
      the American oyster, Crassostrea virginica, has been further purified and
      characterized by improved technical methods. The internal organ distribution of
      the protein within the oyster and effects of life cycle/season on CdBP production
      also have been evaluated. CdBP isolated by extended ion-exchange gradients or
      double ion-exchange chromatography followed by HPLC analysis possesses an
      electrophoretic Rf of about 0.7 and contains relatively little Zn, as previously
      reported. Cysteine, lysine, and glycine are the dominant amino acids. When ion
      exchange columns are developed with NaCl gradients, the aromatic residues
      tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine are found to be present, but these may be
      largely removed depending upon whether the protein is denatured and
      carboxymethylated prior to analysis. The ultraviolet absorption spectrum of CdBP
      also was variable, with 250/280 nm ratios ranging from 17:1 immediately after ion
      exchange chromatography to 2:1 following concentration procedures. Internal organ
      distribution studies showed that the visceral mass contained most of the Cd
      present with lesser amounts in the gills and mantle. In contrast with mammals,
      CdBP accounts for only about 30% of the total cell Cd burden in these tissues. Cu
      displacement of Cd from the protein is a particular problem during the summer
      spawning season and appears to stem from altered Cu metabolism during this
      period. Relative oyster dormancy during the winter also reduces CdBP production
      in response to Cd, and the protein is obtained most readily during the fall and
      spring.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3709469
TI  - Cadmium and copper metallothioneins in the American lobster, Homarus americanus.
AB  - Lobsters were fed cadmium-rich oysters for 28 days, and the induction of cadmium
      metallothionein and its relation to concentrations of cadmium, copper, and zinc
      in the digestive gland and gills was determined. A portion of the tissues also
      was retained for determining the cytosolic distribution of these metals by gel
      filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. The digestive gland contained a
      majority of the cadmium, copper, and zinc, and both cadmium and zinc were
      actively accumulated from the oysters. Gel chromatography of the digestive gland
      cytosol showed that initially cadmium and zinc were bound to macromolecules with
      molecular weights of greater than 70,000, approximately 45,000 and less than
      5000, and for copper greater than 70,000, 10,000-7,000, and less than 5000.
      Therefore, only copper was bound to a protein with a molecular weight in the
      range of metallothionein (i.e., 10,000-7,000). However, after feeding on cadmium
      laden oysters for 28 days, both cadmium and copper were bound to the
      metallothionein-like protein. Further purification of the cadmium/copper protein
      by ion-exchange chromatography showed that a large portion of the copper and all
      of the cadmium did not bind to DEAE-Sephacel. The induction of cadmium
      metallothionein in the digestive gland is correlated with tissue cadmium
      concentration. There is, however, a tissue threshold concentration of cadmium of
      80 to 100 micrograms Cd/g wet weight required for induction. Coincident with the
      induction of the cadmium metallothionein was a cytosolic redistribution of
      copper. The distribution of zinc was not affected.

PMID- 3709471
TI  - The New Orleans Conference on Agricultural Dusts: 1984. Cotton and grain dusts.
      November 1-2, 1984, New Orleans, Louisiana.

PMID- 3709470
TI  - Copper-metallothioneins in the American lobster, Homarus americanus: potential
      role as Cu(I) donors to apohemocyanin.
AB  - The physiological function of copper(I)-metallothionein is not well understood.
      The respiratory function of hemocyanin, a copper(I)-containing respiratory
      protein found in the hemolymph of many invertebrates, has been known a long time.
      However, the mechanism by which Cu(I) is inserted into the oxygen-binding site of
      apohemocyanin is completely unknown. This investigation tests the hypothesis that
      copper(I)-metallothionein may act as a Cu(I) donor to apohemocyanin. To this end,
      copper-binding proteins and hemocyanin were purified from the digestive gland and
      hemolymph of the American lobster, Homarus americanus. In the presence of beta
      mercaptoethanol, the copper-binding proteins can be resolved into three
      components on DEAE-cellulose. The first two have been characterized as
      metallothioneins, based on their high cysteine content and lack of aromatic amino
      acid residues. The cysteine content of the third component is half of that of
      components I and II. In the absence of beta-mercaptoethanol the three proteins
      elute as a single protein complex during ion-exchange chromatography. Components
      I and II show a strong tendency to polymerize, a process that is accompanied by
      the loss of protein-bound copper. The purified proteins are not capable of
      transferring Cu(I) to the active sites of completely copper-free apohemocyanin.
      They are capable, however, of transferring Cu(I) to active sites of hemocyanin
      containing reduced amounts of Cu(I), suggesting that the conformational state of
      hemocyanin is the determining factor in the Cu(I) transfer mechanism.

PMID- 3709472
TI  - Separation of mycotoxin-containing sources in grain dust and determination of
      their mycotoxin potential.
AB  - Two distinct reservoirs of mycotoxins exist in fungal-infected cereal grains--the
      fungal spores and the spore-free mycelium-substrate matrix. Many fungal spores
      are of respirable size and the mycelium-substrate matrix can be pulverized to
      form particles of respirable size during routine handling of grain. In order to
      determine the contribution of each source to the level of mycotoxin contamination
      of dust, we developed techniques to harvest and separate mycelium-substrate
      matrices from spores of fungi. Conventional quantitative chromatographic analyses
      of separated materials indicated that aflatoxin from Aspergillus parasiticus,
      norsolorinic acid from a mutant of A. parasiticus, and secalonic acid D from
      Penicillium oxalicum were concentrated in the mycelium-substrate matrices and not
      in the spores. In contrast, spores of Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus
      contained significant concentrations of aurasperone C and fumigaclavine C,
      respectively; only negligible amounts of the toxins were detected in the mycelium
      substrate matrices of these two fungi.

PMID- 3709473
TI  - The chemical composition of standard cotton dust.
AB  - Cotton dust samples from Cotton Incorporated were investigated by X-ray
      fluorescence and proximate analysis methods. These dust samples are known as
      "standard cotton dust" and have been used by many researchers investigating the
      causative agent(s) and physiological mechanisms of byssinosis. Silicon, calcium,
      potassium, and aluminum were present in relatively high concentrations (1-4%) in
      the dust fractions. The ash content of the dust fractions increased as the
      fraction particle size decreased. Proximate analyses demonstrate that
      "noncellulosic organics" are the major class of constituents (35-45%) in cotton
      dust. Cellulose comprises only 10-15% of the dust, while water-extractable
      materials comprise approximately 20% of the dust. Capillary gas chromatography
      performed on silylated, freeze-dried, aqueous extracts of the less than or equal
      to 38 micron dust fraction revealed the presence of phosphate, malate, arabitol,
      citrate, fructose, glucose, and mannitol.

PMID- 3709474
TI  - Composition of extracts of airborne grain dusts: lectins and lymphocyte mitogens.
AB  - Airborne grain dusts are heterogeneous materials that can elicit acute and
      chronic respiratory pathophysiology in exposed workers. Previous
      characterizations of the dusts include the identification of viable microbial
      contaminants, mycotoxins, and endotoxins. We provide information on the lectin
      like activity of grain dust extracts and its possible biological relationship.
      Hemagglutination of erythrocytes and immunochemical modulation by antibody to
      specific lectins showed the presence of these substances in extracts of airborne
      dusts from barley, corn, and rye. Proliferation of normal rat splenic lymphocytes
      in vitro provided evidence for direct biological effects on the cells of the
      immune system. These data expand the knowledge of the composition of grain dusts
      (extracts), and suggest possible mechanisms that may contribute to respiratory
      disease in grain workers.

PMID- 3709475
TI  - Microscopical comparison of cotton, corn, and soybean dusts.
AB  - Specialized analytical methods are required for identification of components of
      agricultural dusts such as those generated in harvesting, transportation,
      storage, and processing of cotton, corn, and soybeans. The larger particles and
      trash components of the dusts can often be identified visually or with the aid of
      an optical microscope (OM). The respirable portion of the dust, that which causes
      lung dysfunction, retains few structural features for identification. Electron
      microscopy and X-ray microanalysis, together with special optical microscopical
      techniques, can be used to characterize these microdusts. Combination studies
      with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX)
      analysis of cotton dusts have shown the presence of mineralogical particles
      probably of a soil origin and materials that can be associated with plant parts.
      Even in screened and filtered cotton dusts, fibrillar fragments are usually
      present due to their ability to penetrate openings the size of their diameters.
      The corn and soybean dusts studied were different from the cotton dust in that
      the large fibrillar component of the cotton dust was absent in the screened grain
      dusts. However, these dusts consisted of structurally unrecognizable particles
      that appeared similar to those found in cotton dust. In addition they contained
      many spheroid particles identified as starch. Dusts from all three sources were
      found to agglomerate into larger particles, some of which were still less than 10
      micron. This agglomeration could confuse the instrumental measurement of dust
      particle size.

PMID- 3709477
TI  - Smoking and cotton dust effects in cotton textile workers: an analysis of the
      shape of the maximum expiratory flow volume curve.
AB  - Cotton textile workers have an increased prevalence of both obstructive and
      restrictive lung function patterns when compared to control subjects. Similar
      abnormal lung function patterns may occur with other respiratory diseases,
      notably those associated with cigarette smoking. The shape of the maximum
      expiratory flow volume (MEFV) curve has been used to characterize patterns of
      lung function abnormality. We defined a new functional parameter (angle beta)
      related to the shape of the MEFV curve in order better to characterize the
      respiratory effects of cotton dust exposure. In this study, 477 cotton textile
      workers, both current smokers and never smokers 45 years and older, were compared
      to 932 similarly aged control subjects from three communities: Lebanon and
      Ansonia, CT, and Winnsboro, SC. Smokers, regardless of their occupational
      exposure of sex, have smaller values of beta than do nonsmokers. Cotton textile
      workers who have more abnormal lung function than do controls, cannot be
      distinguished from controls by beta. We suggest that such functional differences
      between cotton and smoking effects may reflect injury to different portions of
      the bronchial tree.

PMID- 3709476
TI  - Carbohydrate and protein contents of grain dusts in relation to dust morphology.
AB  - Grain dusts contain a variety of materials which are potentially hazardous to the
      health of workers in the grain industry. Because the characterization of grain
      dusts is incomplete, we are defining the botanical, chemical, and microbial
      contents of several grain dusts collected from grain elevators in the Duluth
      Superior regions of the U.S. Here, we report certain of the carbohydrate and
      protein contents of dusts in relation to dust morphology. Examination of the
      gross morphologies of the dusts revealed that, except for corn, each dust
      contained either husk or pericarp (seed coat in the case of flax) fragments in
      addition to respirable particles. When viewed with the light microscope, the
      fragments appeared as elongated, pointed structures. The possibility that certain
      of the fragments within corn, settled, and spring wheat were derived from cell
      walls was suggested by the detection of pentoses following colorimetric assay of
      neutralized 2 N trifluoroacetic acid hydrolyzates of these dusts. The presence of
      pentoses together with the occurrence of proteins within water washings of grain
      dusts suggests that glycoproteins may be present within the dusts. With scanning
      electron microscopy, each dust was found to consist of a distinct assortment of
      particles in addition to respirable particles. Small husk fragments and "trichome
      like" objects were common to all but corn dust.

PMID- 3709478
TI  - Prevalence of IgE antibodies to grain and grain dust in grain elevator workers.
AB  - IgE-mediated allergic reactions have been postulated to contribute to respiratory
      reactions seen in workers exposed to grain dusts. In an attempt better to define
      the prevalence of IgE antibodies in workers exposed to grain dusts, we performed
      the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) on worker sera using both commercial
      allergens prepared from grain and worksite allergens prepared from grain dust
      samples collected at the worksite. We found that the two types of reagents
      identified different populations with respect to the specificity of IgE
      antibodies present. The RAST assay performed using worksite allergens correlated
      well with skin test procedures. These results may allow us to gain better
      understanding of allergy associated with grain dust exposure, and document the
      utility of the RAST assay in assessment of occupational allergies.

PMID- 3709480
TI  - Cotton dust concentrations and particle size distributions associated with
      genotypes.
AB  - The problem of byssinosis has plagued cotton textile mills for hundreds of years,
      and it is still a problem today. With the regulations on airborne raw cotton dust
      set by OSHA and the ACGIH, research regarding the measurement of cotton dust in
      lint fiber is a necessity. A procedure known as the mass concentration particle
      size distribution (MCPSD) technique, developed at Texas A&M University, was used
      to measure the characteristics of cotton dust as affected by harvesting method
      and genotype. Cotton genotypes from three harvest seasons were analyzed by using
      a Coulter Counter, Model TAII, to obtain the mass concentrations and particle
      size distributions of dust present in the lint fiber. The genotypes were
      subjected to both hand harvesting and conventional spindle harvesting for
      comparison purposes. Results from the dust concentration analyses of particles
      less than 100 micron, 16 micron, and 8 micron in diameter, respectively, are
      presented. Also, a proposed procedure to obtain large quantities of "cotton dust"
      from gin trash material is discussed.

PMID- 3709479
TI  - Methanol extract of grain dust shows complement fixing activity and other
      characteristics similar to tannic acid.
AB  - We have found several similarities between tannic acid and grain dust extract
      prepared with methanol. Both formed a precipitate with IgG, and these
      interactions were inhibited by albumin. In addition, both preparations fixed
      complement; this activity was heat stable and was removed by prior adsorption of
      the preparations with hide powder. Adsorption with polyvinyl polypyrrolidone
      reduced the complement-fixing activity of tannic acid but not that of the
      methanol grain dust extract. The similarities between tannic acid and the
      methanol grain dust extract are consistent with the presence of a tannin or
      tanninlike material in grain dust.

PMID- 3709481
TI  - Evaluation of mechanical prototype machines for continuous separation of
      respirable cotton dust fractions.
AB  - The original cotton particulates analyzer used stationary screens to separate
      aerodynamically the coarse and fine dust fractions from small samples of cotton.
      By replacing stationary with rotary screens that were continuously cleaned,
      larger supplies of respirable dust were obtained without interruption. A ginned
      and a waste cotton were used to test two methods of separation: a rotating 38
      micron screen and a tandem rotating 710- or 38- micron screen and cyclone. The
      fine dust fractions from both systems were captured on filters and examined
      gravimetrically, by Coulter counter, and scanning electron microscope. The dust
      passing 38 micron stationary or rotary screens contained particles of 15 micron
      maximum diameter whereas dust from the 710-gmm rotary screen and tandem cyclone
      exhibited particles of 10 micron maximum diameter and lint fragments. Dust
      fractions with particles less than 10 micron diameter and free of lint were
      obtained with a 38-micron rotary screen and tandem cyclone.

PMID- 3709482
TI  - Physical properties of five grain dust types.
AB  - Physical properties of grain dust derived from five grain types (soybean, rice,
      corn, wheat, and sorghum) were measured and reported. The grain dusts were
      obtained from dust collection systems of terminal grain handling facilities and
      were assumed to be representative of grain dust generated during the handling
      process. The physical properties reported were as follows: particle size
      distributions and surface area measurements using a Coulter Counter Model TAII;
      percent dust fractions less than 100 micron of whole dust; bulk density; particle
      density; and ash content.

PMID- 3709484
TI  - Comparison of lung sounds and gas trapping in the study of airway mechanics.
AB  - We have previously shown that gas is trapped in isolated animal lungs and have
      proposed that this gas-trapping process is related to meniscus formation in the
      small airways of the lung. The purpose of this investigation was to compare how
      the lung sound-generation process and the gas-trapping process are related to
      airway mechanics and each other. Rats were anesthetized, the heart and lungs were
      removed en bloc and placed in a liquid-filled plethysmograph. Lung sounds were
      recorded by using a microphone acoustically coupled to the tracheal cannula. The
      results show that discontinuous lung sounds in the form of crackles occur during
      lung inflation at the same time gas trapping takes place.

PMID- 3709483
TI  - Interagency regulatory liaison group workshop on reproductive toxicity risk
      assessment.

PMID- 3709485
TI  - Animal model of grain worker's lung.
AB  - We examined the light microscopic changes in the lungs of rabbits exposed to
      grain dust for variable periods of time, to determine whether an animal model of
      grain worker's lung could be developed. Experimental animals were exposed to
      grain dust at a concentration of 20 mg/m3 for 7 hr/day, 5 days/week, for up to 6
      months. The lungs of these rabbits demonstrated a granulomatous interstitial
      pneumonitis associated with exudation of mononuclear cells into the alveoli and
      conducting airways. These changes appeared within 5 days of the onset of exposure
      and reached a peak at 3 weeks but were sustained through the longest exposure
      interval. No abnormalities were observed in the lungs of control rabbits. These
      results show three points of consistency with those obtained in epidemiologic
      studies of grain elevator workers. First, the rapid appearance of the
      experimental changes suggests that the mechanism of tissue injury may not be
      immunologic. Second, the occurrence of the histopathologic alterations in the
      interstitium, alveoli, and airways corresponds with the combined restrictive and
      obstructive ventilatory defect described in the human epidemiologic studies.
      Third, the absence of lung fibrosis in rabbits exposed to dust for 6 months
      suggests that the pneumonitis is reversible. Thus this experimental model shows
      promise of helping to clarify the nature and mechanism of the adverse pulmonary
      effects of grain dust.

PMID- 3709486
TI  - Acute symptoms following exposure to grain dust in farming.
AB  - History of acute symptoms (cough, wheezing, shortness of breath, fever, stuffy
      nose, and skin itching/rash) following exposure to grain dust was obtained from
      661 male and 535 female current and former farmers. These symptoms were
      relatively common: 60% of male and 25% of female farmers reported at least one
      such symptom on exposure to grain dust. Association of cough, wheezing, shortness
      of breath, and stuffy nose with skin reactivity and capacity to form IgE is
      consistent with an allergic nature of these symptoms. Barley and oats dust were
      perceived as dust most often producing symptoms. On the other hand, grain fever
      showed a different pattern, i.e., it was not associated with either skin
      reactivity or total IgE. Smoking might modify the susceptibility to react to
      grain dust with symptoms. Only those who reported wheezing on exposure to grain
      dust may have an increased risk to develop chronic airflow obstruction.

PMID- 3709487
TI  - Exposure of cotton workers in an experimental cardroom with reference to airborne
      endotoxins.
AB  - Workers from cotton mills were exposed to cotton dust during carding in an
      experimental cardroom. Cotton from different geographical locations with varying
      amounts of endotoxin were used. Exposure levels ranged from 0.6 to 3.6 mg dust/m3
      (from a vertical elutriator) and from 0.1 to 8.0 micrograms/m3 of endotoxin. No
      relationship was found between the decrease in FEV1 over the workshift and the
      amount of airborne dust. Airborne endotoxin correlated with the decrease in FEV1
      and the increase in blood neutrophils. The FEV1 decrease was more pronounced
      among smokers. The data suggest that the amount of airborne endotoxin determines
      the risk for development of the acute symptoms in the byssinosis syndrome.

PMID- 3709488
TI  - In vitro and in vivo changes in human complement caused by silage.
AB  - Aqueous extracts of silage samples from four farms in up-state New York were
      reacted in vitro with normal human serum. Hemolytic levels of complement
      component C3 were consumed in a dose-dependent fashion, and the four extracts
      differed in their relative activity rankings. Studies with chelated serum
      indicate that the alternative complement pathway is involved in the activation,
      and the active fragment C3b was demonstrated. Serum levels of hemolytic C3 and C4
      in vivo were quantified before and after farmers performed their normal silo
      unloading operations. Although the study groups were small, suggestive evidence
      of in vivo complement consumption was found. IgE-related allergy did not appear
      to be of significance to the study groups. Complement activation may be an
      initiator of or contributor to adverse reactions in farmers who are exposed to
      airborne silage dusts.

PMID- 3709489
TI  - Endothelial cell cytotoxicity of cotton bracts tannin and aqueous cotton bracts
      extract: tannin is the predominant cytotoxin present in aqueous cotton bracts
      extract.
AB  - Using an in vitro cytotoxicity assay based on the release of 51Cr from cultured
      porcine thoracic aortic and pulmonary arterial endothelial cells, we have
      demonstrated that cotton bracts tannin is a potent endothelial cell cytotoxin. It
      produces dose-dependent lethal injury to both types of endothelial cells with the
      aortic cells being somewhat more sensitive to tannin-mediated injury than the
      pulmonary arterial cells. Cytotoxic injury to the cells was biphasic. During the
      first 3 hr of exposure to tannin, no lethal injury was detected. However, during
      this period, profound changes in morphology were observed suggesting sublethal
      injury to the cells preceded the ultimate toxic damage. Comparison of the
      cytotoxicity dose curves for aqueous bracts extracts with those for tannin
      demonstrated that tannin was the major cytotoxin present in bracts.

PMID- 3709491
TI  - Postlactational changes in cadmium retention in mice orally exposed to cadmium
      during pregnancy and lactation.
AB  - Mice were continuously exposed to 109Cd in drinking water (0.03 microCi/ml; 0.11
      ppb total cadmium) during pregnancy and lactation. After cessation of exposure,
      109Cd retention and distribution were examined during a 4-week postlactational
      period. At the start of the postlactational period (0 time), the fraction of oral
      109Cd retained by the dams was 2.4 times greater than that retained by similarly
      exposed nonpregnant mice. 109Cd concentrations at 0 time were greater in the dams
      than in the nonpregnant mice in kidney (5-fold), liver (2.6-fold), mammary tissue
      (greater than 28-fold), and duodenum (13-fold). No changes in 109Cd content of
      the whole body (minus gastrointestinal tract) occurred during the 4 weeks after
      cessation of exposure in either the dams or the nonpregnant mice; i.e., pregnancy
      dependent increases in 109Cd contents of individual organs were maintained during
      the 4 weeks of observation. An indication of translocation of 109Cd from liver to
      kidney was observed in the dams but not in the nonpregnant mice. 109Cd
      concentrations in the mammary tissue of the dams increased 2-fold during the
      postlactational period concomitant with a 3-fold decrease in mammary tissue mass.
      109Cd in the duodenum of the pregnant/lactating mice decreased, with a half-life
      of 14 days. Results indicate that multiparous women exposed to environmental
      levels of cadmium may take up and retain in their kidneys, livers, and mammary
      tissue a greater fraction of their dietary cadmium than women with few or no
      children. Such results may bear on the etiology of Itai-Itai disease, a disease
      of the skeleton potentially related to oral cadmium exposure, with an incidence
      predominantly among postmenopausal women with a history of multiple childbirths.

PMID- 3709490
TI  - Effects of calcium and magnesium ions on the toxicity of cadmium to the egg of
      the teleost, Oryzias latipes.
AB  - The effects of calcium and magnesium ions on the toxicity of cadmium to the eggs
      of the freshwater teleost, Oryzias latipes, were determined. Blastulae were
      immersed in free medium (Ca- and Mg-free), low-Ca medium (0.25 mM Ca), high-Ca
      medium (1.0 mM Ca), low-Mg medium (0.25 mM Mg), and high-Mg medium (1.0 mM Mg)
      with cadmium chloride at 10.0 mg/liter in each solution. Almost all eggs died
      within 24 hr in either free medium or low-Mg medium but high-Ca medium decreased
      mortality remarkably: 79.9% of the eggs survived. On the other hand, there was no
      statistically significant difference between the cadmium content of the eggs kept
      in Ca-containing media and those in Mg-containing media at the corresponding
      molar concentrations. The present results revealed that of the two hardness
      constituents, calcium ions contributed to the suppression of the cadmium toxicity
      while magnesium ions did not.

PMID- 3709492
TI  - Cadmium content in selected rat tissues following treatments with cadmium
      chloride and/or gamma radiation.
AB  - This study was conducted to determine concentrations of cadmium (Cd) in various
      rat tissues; radiation effectiveness on Cd concentrations in rat tissues; and Cd
      effectiveness when radiation was applied as the second insult. Animals were
      subjected to Cd over a 29-day period and on Day 30 were exposed to an acute dose
      of 60Co gamma-ray. Rats were killed on Day 1, 7, or 21 following irradiation. Cd
      concentrations were determined by flame spectroscopy. Rats injected with Cd alone
      or Cd in combination with radiation showed a dose-dependent accumulation and
      retention of the metal in the liver and kidney over the intervals to sacrifice.
      Significantly smaller amounts of the metal were seen in the spleen, intestine,
      stomach, heart, testis, lung, blood, brain, and muscle. Generally, Cd did not
      afford protection against radiation in the tissues studied. Radiation, when used
      singly or as a coinsult with Cd, did not significantly alter the concentrations
      of Cd in any of the tissues studied except the heart, in which it contributed to
      the clearance of Cd. No synergistic or antagonistic effects were observed between
      Cd and ionizing radiation in any of the other tissues studied.

PMID- 3709493
TI  - Ultrastructural changes in gills of Sarotherodon mossambicus treated with chicken
      manure.
AB  - Sarotherodon mossambicus were fed a chicken manure (60%) supplementary diet for 4
      weeks under laboratory conditions, and significantly higher (P less than 0.05)
      concentrations of Mn, Fe, Cu, Pb, and Zn were obtained in the gills of the
      treated fish. Ultrastructural changes including separation of the epithelium from
      the pillar cell system and subsequently increasing the blood-water barrier,
      necrosis of lamellar cells, collapse of lamellar blood spaces, and hyperplasia of
      interlamellar cells were found in the lamellae of the gills of the treated fish.

PMID- 3709494
TI  - Effects of asbestos fibers on alveolar macrophage-mediated lymphocyte cytostasis.
AB  - Prolonged asbestos inhalation results in pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis.
      Since alveolar macrophages are active in regulation of immune responses in lung
      and appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of asbestosis, we evaluated the
      effects of asbestos exposure on the ability of these cells to regulate lymphocyte
      function. Alveolar macrophages obtained by lung lavage from BALB/C mice were
      treated in vitro with either UICC amosite or chrysotile asbestos and the effects
      on lymphocyte cytostasis compared with those of macrophages incubated with latex
      beads or zymosan. Macrophages (10%) incubated either alone or with latex beads
      for 48 hr effectively inhibited lymphocyte mitogenesis. However, alveolar
      macrophages incubated with either amosite or chrysotile asbestos did not
      demonstrate intact cytostatic activity. Decreased viability of chrysotile
      asbestos-treated macrophages correlated with loss of cytostatic effects, but
      alveolar macrophages exposed to amosite remained viable. We conclude, therefore,
      that exposure of alveolar macrophages to asbestos can result in loss of their
      ability to down-regulate lymphocyte proliferation, a finding which may be
      important in the pathogenesis of asbestos-related disease.

PMID- 3709495
TI  - Cytogenetic damage in lymphocytes of rubber industry workers.
AB  - Cytogenetic investigations were conducted in workers who are occupationally
      exposed to rubber chemicals such as tetramethylthiuram disulfide, zinc
      dimethyldithiocarbamate, and tetraethylthiuram disulfide using lymphocytes of
      peripheral blood. A significant increase in the frequency of chromosomal breaks
      and gaps was recorded regardless of the duration of exposure to these chemicals.

PMID- 3709496
TI  - Hypertension, age, and smoking related to genotoxic sensitivity in human
      lymphocytes: a population study.
AB  - The levels of N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (NA-AAF)-induced unscheduled DNA
      synthesis (UDS) were determined in resting mononuclear leukocytes from males in a
      geographically defined population. The mutagen sensitivity, as determined by the
      NA-AAF method, was associated with the risk indicators of cerebrocardiovascular
      disease (CCVD) rather than with CCVD itself. Thus, high blood pressure, age, and
      smoking--some of the most important risk indicators of CCVD--seem to be
      conditions which predispose an individual's mononuclear blood cells to increased
      likelihood of accumulating DNA damage. Hypertensives evidenced higher values of
      NA-AAF-induced UDS than did nonhypertensive controls, even though the former were
      treated in accordance with internationally accepted norms. We have previously
      shown that hypertensives with normalized blood pressure did not differ from
      controls, when assessed by the NA-AAF method. In the present study, the
      hypertensives' blood pressure values were 19/12 mm Hg higher than those of the
      controls, indicating a need for more intensive treatment. Borderline
      hypertensives did not differ from their controls when assessed by the NA-AAF
      method, even though their blood pressure values were 19/9 mm Hg higher than those
      of their controls. This indicates that the group of borderline hypertensives may
      be heterogeneous, and that some of the patients may be suffering from a condition
      different from that in those with established hypertension.

PMID- 3709497
TI  - An experimental study on the long-term effect of cadmium in mice fed cadmium
      polluted rice with special reference to the effect of repeated reproductive
      cycles.
AB  - Long-term biological effects of cadmium-polluted rice and the effect of repeated
      reproductive cycles on them were examined. Female SLC-B6D2F mice (female C57BL/6,
      male DBA/2) were fed a rice diet containing 65% unpolished rice for about 2 years
      from 7 weeks of age. The unpolished rice preparations used were commercially
      available rice (non-Cd-polluted) and Cd-polluted rice (over 1.0 ppm). Average Cd
      contents in each diet class were 0.12, 0.48, 1.78, 1.75, and 47.1 ppm (50 ppm Cd
      as CdCl2 added). Some experimental mice were subjected to repeated reproductive
      cycles (parity group). Hematological, biochemical, and pathological examinations
      of urine, blood, and tissues, including Cd measurement, were carried out. Results
      after statistical analysis indicate Cd toxicities such as anemia and disturbances
      of Ca metabolism. These Cd effects were found to be enhanced by the reproductive
      cycles. Soft X-ray radiograms showed osteoporosis in the parity groups,
      especially in the groups with diets of higher Cd content. However, we could not
      find any sign of disturbance of renal function under our experimental conditions.

PMID- 3709498
TI  - Changes in pulmonary connective tissue proteins after a single intratracheal
      instillation of cadmium chloride in the rat.
AB  - Changes of soluble and insoluble fractions of pulmonary connective tissue
      proteins were studied in rats for 2-84 days following a single intratracheal
      instillation of cadmium chloride (10 micrograms Cd2+/lung). A transient decrease
      in body weight and an immediate increase in lung wet weight (200% of control
      value, P less than 0.01) were observed. Incorporation of [14C]proline and its
      conversion to [14C]hydroxyproline in vivo into different soluble and insoluble
      fractions of connective tissue revealed an increased metabolic turnover elicited
      by cadmium intoxication. A lag in the maturation of collagen into higher
      functional forms in the early phase of the process was demonstrated. A striking
      decrease in elastin was found in first 7 days (40-50%). However, this acute
      damage of pulmonary connective tissue was followed by a permanent increase of
      collagen and elastin concentration in the later phase of recovery.
      Histopathologic examination 14-84 days after cadmium instillation confirmed the
      presence of lesions in pulmonary tissue with an initial inflammation followed by
      reparatory changes.

PMID- 3709499
TI  - Ozone and the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in vivo.
AB  - Two experiments were carried out to determine whether ozone causes significant
      oxidation of pulmonary polyunsaturated fatty acids in vivo. These involved ad
      libitum and pair-feeding. In the first experiment, rats were fed fat-free diets
      and exposed to ozone for 0, 1, 2, and 4 weeks. Lung and liver fatty acids were
      analyzed to determine if the rats exposed to ozone lost essential fatty acids
      more rapidly than those exposed to filtered air. In the second experiment, rats
      were divided into four groups. Two of these groups were fed fat-free diets, and
      two were fed diets containing essential fatty acids. Rats from the two diet
      groups (one of each type) were exposed to ozone, while the remaining two groups
      were exposed to filtered air. In the second experiment, rats were pair-fed. The
      amounts of lung and liver fatty acids were relatively uninfluenced by breathing
      ozone. Results from these experiments demonstrate that in the lung, the
      polyunsaturated fatty acids, linoleic and arachidonic acids, appear to be
      oxidized by filtered air and ozone at essentially the same rate.

PMID- 3709501
TI  - The adsorption of polyaromatic hydrocarbons on natural and chemically modified
      asbestos fibers.
AB  - Many reports indicate that the carcinogenic (genotoxic) potential of
      benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) may be enhanced several-fold by the promoter (epigenetic)
      effect of asbestos particles. This promoting effect could be related to the fact
      that when B[a]P is adsorbed onto the particles, there is a resulting enhanced
      transport and uptake of the carcinogen into microsomial membranes. These in vitro
      data bear relevance to the epidemiological studies which indicate an association
      between exposure to inhaled asbestos dusts and the high incidence of pulmonary
      cancers in smokers. Using HPLC, it has been observed that B[a]P has great
      affinity for natural asbestos fibers, and that chemical modification of natural
      chrysotile with POCl3 results in the complete loss of this adsorption potential
      of chrysotile for benzo[a]pyrene.

PMID- 3709500
TI  - Characteristics of Hg-resistant bacteria isolated from Minamata Bay sediment.
AB  - Seventy-two strains of Hg-resistant bacteria (Pseudomonas) were isolated on agar
      plates containing 40 micrograms/ml of HgCl2 from Minamata Bay sediment, which was
      heavily polluted with mercury (45.8 micrograms/g). The minimal inhibitory
      concentrations (MICs) of mercurial compounds were determined for the Hg-resistant
      pseudomonads and 65 strains (Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., Vibrio sp., and
      Corynebacterium sp.) isolated from Sendai Bay sediment (1 microgram/g of mercury)
      as control. The MICs to HgCl2, CH3HgCl, C2H5HgCl, C3H7HgCl, and C6H5HgOCOCH3 for
      the Hg-resistant pseudomonads from Minamata Bay were significantly higher than
      those of strains from Sendai Bay. The volatilization from liquid culture
      containing 20 micrograms/ml of HgCl2 was observed in all of the Hg-resistant
      pseudomonads from Minamata Bay (70 strains). The mean loss of mercury from liquid
      culture was 60.4 +/- 17.3%. Further study is warranted to determine what role the
      Hg-resistant bacteria, particularly the Pseudomonas species, play in the mercury
      cycle in Minamata Bay.

PMID- 3709502
TI  - Sulfolane-induced hypothermia enhances survivability in mice.
AB  - Mice injected intraperitoneally with sulfolane (tetrahydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide)
      underwent a significant decrease in metabolic rate and body temperature at
      ambient temperatures of 20 and 30 degrees C but not 35 degrees C. If given the
      opportunity, mice treated with sulfolane preferentially sought a cool ambient
      temperature. When given an LD50 dose of sulfolane (1270 mg/kg), the percentage
      mortality varied directly with ambient temperature. For example, at 35 degrees C
      mortality was 75% whereas at 25 degrees C mortality was only 8%. By undergoing an
      autonomically and behaviorally mediated decrease in body temperature (i.e.,
      regulated hypothermia), sulfolane-treated mice appear to enhance their chance of
      survival.

PMID- 3709503
TI  - A mortality study of patients with Itai-itai disease.
AB  - A follow-up study was carried out from April 1967 to October 1982 on 117 patients
      with Itai-itai disease and 117 controls matched for age, sex, and residential
      area. The number of deaths during this period was significantly higher in the
      patients with Itai-itai disease (85, 72.6%) than in the controls (59, 50.4%).
      Comparison of the annual data from 1968 to 1982 showed that the number of deaths
      was significantly larger in the patient group. The mean survival time in years up
      to October 1982 was 76.4 in the patient group and 78.3 in the control group; the
      difference is statistically significant. These results show a long-lasting
      influence of Itai-itai disease on the prognosis of the patients.

PMID- 3709504
TI  - The effects of pacing on complex decision-making inspection performance.

PMID- 3709505
TI  - Measurement of work and power output using friction-loaded cycle ergometers.

PMID- 3709506
TI  - The effect of varying stimulus and response modes and asymmetric transfer on the
      dual-task performance of discrete tasks.

PMID- 3709507
TI  - The motion of a ship at sea and the consequent motion sickness amongst
      passengers.

PMID- 3709508
TI  - Objective performance analysis of artificial hands towards improvements of
      function.

PMID- 3709509
TI  - Light stress and the cardiovascular system: the glare pressor test.

PMID- 3709510
TI  - Postural analysis of the trunk and shoulders in simulated real time.

PMID- 3709511
TI  - Evaluation of decision-tree rating scales for mental workload estimation.

PMID- 3709512
TI  - Effect of work intensity on performance in a psychomotor task during exercise.

PMID- 3709513
TI  - Effect of noise on cognitive strategies in a sentence verification task.

PMID- 3709514
TI  - Caldesmon is an elongated, flexible molecule localized in the actomyosin domains
      of smooth muscle.
AB  - A rapid purification procedure has been developed for the isolation of caldesmon
      from hog stomach smooth muscle utilizing a KI extract of washed myofibrils as
      source material. On SDS-PAGE this mammalian caldesmon showed a closely-spaced
      doublet around 155 kd. By low-angle rotary shadowing caldesmon was shown to be an
      elongated, highly flexible molecule which tends to form end-to-end dimers that
      are structurally very similar to filamin. When added to F-actin solutions
      caldesmon increased the high-shear viscosity considerably, but by an extent that
      depended on sample preparation. The effect was shown to be due to caldesmon and
      not to a trace contaminant by its full reversibility after addition of a
      monospecific caldesmon antibody. Recent investigations have shown that in smooth
      muscle two structurally distinct domains can be distinguished: an actomyosin
      domain and an actin-intermediate filament domain. Immunocytochemistry of
      ultrathin sections of smooth muscle at the light and electron microscope level
      revealed that caldesmon is present in the actomyosin domain. Caldesmon is thus a
      potential regulator of the actomyosin system in smooth muscle.

PMID- 3709516
TI  - Detection and developmental regulation of the mRNA for the regulatory subunit of
      the cAMP-dependent protein kinase of D. discoideum by cell-free translation.
AB  - cAMP is an important effector of the development of Dictyostelium discoideum
      amoebae and could exert its effects on gene expression through the cytosolic cAMP
      dependent protein kinase (cAK). Antibodies, specific for the regulatory subunit
      (R) of the cAK, were used to investigate the developmental regulation of the
      corresponding mRNA (R-mRNA) by in vitro translation and immunoprecipitation.
      Under such conditions, a single polypeptide of the same mol. wt. as R (42 kd) is
      detected, showing that the protein is not synthesized as a large precursor. The
      level of the R-mRNA, which is low in vegetative cells, increases 10- to 20-fold
      during the first hours of development. Its expression is stimulated by the
      treatment of AX3 cells with cAMP either added to a concentration of 1 mM or given
      as 0.1 microM pulses every 5 min, whereas such treatments have little or no
      effect in cells of strain AX2. The R-mRNA remains highly expressed (0.01-0.03% of
      translatable mRNA) throughout post-aggregative development; it is not affected by
      mechanical disaggregation of the multicellular organism. The parallel
      developmental time courses of the translatable R-mRNA and the R protein produced
      in vivo suggest that the expression of this polypeptide is regulated at the level
      of mRNA synthesis.

PMID- 3709515
TI  - Steroid hormone dependence of four DNase I-hypersensitive regions located within
      the 7000-bp 5'-flanking segment of the ovalbumin gene.
AB  - Four DNase I-hypersensitive regions (I-IV) occur in the 5'-flanking region of the
      ovalbumin gene in hen oviducts. One is centered close to the cap site (position
      +1) of transcription and the others at -0.8, -3.3 and -6.0 kb. The correlation of
      hypersensitivity with transcription was determined for each region in oviducts of
      chicks, where expression of the ovalbumin gene can be controlled by
      administration and withdrawal of steroid hormones. DNase I-hypersensitive regions
      were mapped by the indirect end-labeling technique and ovalbumin mRNA levels were
      determined by the dot blot assay. Diethylstilbestrol (DES) induces the appearance
      of hypersensitive regions I-IV whereas progesterone induces regions I, II and IV,
      but not region III. Upon withdrawal, regions II and III, and most of regions I
      and IV, disappear. A weak zone of hypersensitivity in region I near the cap site
      persists during withdrawal and a new zone of hypersensitivity appears between
      regions I and II. There is strong correlation between hypersensitivity at regions
      I-IV and gene transcription; ovalbumin mRNA levels are high in stimulated chicks,
      where hypersensitive regions are present, and drop to very low levels in
      withdrawn chicks, where the hypersensitivity is absent. We suggest that proteins,
      perhaps hormone receptors acting together with tissue-specific factors, induce
      DNAse I-hypersensitive regions I-IV of the ovalbumin gene.

PMID- 3709517
TI  - Functional homology between the sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins nuclear
      factor I from HeLa cells and the TGGCA protein from chicken liver.
AB  - Nuclear factor I from HeLa cells, a protein with enhancing function in adenovirus
      DNA replication, and the chicken TGGCA protein are specific DNA-binding proteins
      that were first detected by independent methods and that appeared to have similar
      DNA sequence specificity. To test whether they are homologous proteins from
      different species we have compared (i) their DNA binding properties and (ii)
      their function in reconstituted adenovirus DNA replication systems. Using
      deletion and substitution mutants derived from the DNA binding site on the
      adenovirus 2 inverted terminal repeat, it was found that the two proteins protect
      the same 24-nucleotide region of both strands against DNase I digestion and that
      they have identical minimal recognition sequences of 15 bp containing dyad
      symmetry. Like nuclear factor I, the TGGCA protein enhances the initiation
      reaction of adenovirus 2 DNA replication in vitro in a DNA recognition site
      dependent manner.

PMID- 3709518
TI  - Assembly in vitro of nuclei active in nuclear protein transport: ATP is required
      for nucleoplasmin accumulation.
AB  - DNA (from bacteriophage lambda or Xenopus) is assembled into nucleus-like
      structures when mixed with an extract from Xenopus eggs. Electron microscopy
      shows that these in vitro-reconstituted nuclei possess complete double membranes;
      some, but not all, nuclei have pore complexes. Extracts depleted of their
      endogenous ATP (by addition of ATPases) cannot assemble nuclear envelopes visible
      by phase-contrast microscopy. Once synthetic nuclei are assembled, however, they
      are stable when ATP is subsequently depleted, although their chromatin becomes
      condensed. About one-fourth of the nuclei assembled in vitro from lambda DNA
      accumulate nuclear proteins such as nucleoplasmin. ATP depletion blocks
      nucleoplasmin accumulation both in vitro, in pre-assembled synthetic nuclei, and
      in vivo, in the nucleus of microinjected oocytes. However, nucleoplasmin
      previously accumulated by reconstituted nuclei or by the germinal vesicle in
      microinjected oocytes is retained after ATP depletion.

PMID- 3709519
TI  - Mapping of the cAMP-dependent phosphorylation sites on the acetylcholine
      receptor.
AB  - We have synthesized a tetradecapeptide corresponding to residues 354-367 of the
      delta-subunit of Torpedo acetylcholine receptor. This peptide contains the
      sequence Arg-Arg-Ser-Ser which has been proposed as the site for phosphorylation
      of the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) by an endogenous cAMP-dependent protein
      kinase. We have shown that the synthetic peptide can be phosphorylated by the
      catalytic subunit of bovine heart cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Antibodies
      elicited against peptide 354-367 were shown to cross-react with native AChR and
      to bind specifically to the delta- and gamma-subunit as detected by
      immunoblotting. Furthermore, antipeptide antibodies were shown to inhibit
      specifically the cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of both the delta- and gamma
      subunits. This suggests that the phosphorylation sites in the delta- and gamma
      subunits are highly cross-reactive, and is in agreement with the demonstration
      that an endogenous cAMP-dependent kinase phosphorylates these two subunits,
      probably on homologous sequences. Tryptic digestion of the delta-subunit isolated
      from phosphorylated AChR yields a single 25-kd phosphorylated fragment.
      Immunoblotting experiments allowed us to map peptide 354-367 within this
      phosphorylated fragment.

PMID- 3709520
TI  - The major surface protein of Leishmania promastigotes is anchored in the membrane
      by a myristic acid-labeled phospholipid.
AB  - Promastigotes of the protozoan parasite Leishmania major were biosynthetically
      labeled with myristic acid. Solubilization and phase separation in the non-ionic
      detergent Triton X-114 shows that the label is not incorporated into soluble
      hydrophilic proteins, but is incorporated into a few insoluble proteins. The bulk
      of the incorporated fatty acid is associated with a heterogeneous phosphorylated
      glycolipid and a few amphiphilic integral membrane proteins. Among these, the
      major surface protein of Leishmania promastigotes, p63, is predominantly labeled.
      Upon digestion with Bacillus cereus phospholipase C, amphiphilic p63 is shown to
      lose its myristic acid label and to acquire concomitantly the characteristic
      electrophoretic mobility and solubility behavior of hydrophilic p63. These data
      show that the amphiphilic character of the major surface protein of Leishmania
      promastigotes is due to a covalently attached phospholipid. We propose that this
      phospholipid provides the sole hydrophobic moiety anchoring the protein to the
      pellicular membrane of the protozoan parasite.

PMID- 3709522
TI  - Expression of c-fos in NIH3T3 cells is very low but inducible throughout the cell
      cycle.
AB  - It has previously been shown that the c-fos proto-oncogene is rapidly and
      transiently induced following growth factor stimulation of quiescent NIH3T3 mouse
      fibroblasts. To investigate a possible role of c-fos in growth control mechanisms
      we have studied its expression and inducibility during the NIH3T3 cell cycle. Two
      major conclusions can be drawn from this analysis. First, expression of c-fos is
      not cell cycle-regulated, and is barely detectable in all phases of the cycle.
      Second, cells at different stages of the cell cycle (except for mitosis) are as
      sensitive to c-fos induction by growth factors as quiescent cells. These
      observations suggest that induction of the c-fos gene does not play a role during
      the continuous cycling of NIH3T3 cells, but they are fully compatible with the
      hypothesis that a function of c-fos may be associated with the induction of
      competence in fibroblasts. Through such a function c-fos may contribute to moving
      cells out of the quiescent state.

PMID- 3709521
TI  - Adhesion and cytoskeletal organisation of fibroblasts in response to fibronectin
      fragments.
AB  - Fibronectin has been shown previously to promote complete cell adhesion in the
      absence of other serum components or de novo protein synthesis. Recently a
      sequence of four amino acids from the cell-binding domain of fibronectin has been
      termed the 'cell recognition site' of this multidomain molecule since it mediates
      cell attachment and inhibits cell adhesion to intact fibronectin. We show here,
      however, that substrata coated with an isolated cell-binding domain of
      fibronectin are not sufficient for complete cell adhesion; cells attach and
      spread but, unlike those adhering to intact fibronectin, they do not form stress
      fibres terminating in focal adhesions. An additional external stimulus is needed
      for this cytoskeletal reorganisation and may be provided by one of two heparin
      binding fragments of fibronectin. The two 'signals' required for complete
      adhesion need not be provided simultaneously since focal adhesion formation can
      be promoted by stimulating cells pre-spread on a cell-binding fragment of
      fibronectin with a soluble heparin-binding fragment. This second stimulation may
      involve cell membrane heparan sulphate proteoglycans.

PMID- 3709523
TI  - Activation of ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation during meiotic maturation of
      Xenopus laevis oocytes: in vitro ordered appearance of S6 phosphopeptides.
AB  - During meiotic maturation of Xenopus laevis stage 6 oocytes into unfertilized
      eggs, 40S ribosomal protein S6 undergoes multiple phosphorylation. Extracts
      prepared from unfertilized eggs are up to 10-fold more efficient in
      phosphorylating S6 than those prepared from immature oocytes. When analyzed by
      DEAE chromatography the S6 kinase activity elutes as a single peak. If extracts
      from unfertilized eggs are prepared in the absence of beta-glycerol phosphate, a
      putative phosphatase inhibitor, there is a severe reduction in recovered S6
      kinase activity. Under optimal conditions, incubation of unfertilized egg
      extracts with 40S ribosomes in the presence of ATP leads to the average
      incorporation of 3.5 mol of phosphate/mol of S6. Prior incubation of these
      extracts with the cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor does not inhibit S6
      phosphorylation indicating that another kinase is responsible. Analysis of the in
      vitro phosphorylated peptides demonstrates that they migrate to the equivalent
      position of those observed previously in vivo and in vitro. More strikingly, if
      each of the increasingly phosphorylated derivatives of S6 is analyzed
      independently, it is found that the phosphopeptides appear in a specific order.

PMID- 3709524
TI  - In vitro binding of LexA repressor to DNA: evidence for the involvement of the
      amino-terminal domain.
AB  - Both the amino-terminal and the carboxy-terminal domain of the LexA repressor
      have been purified using the LexA protein autodigestion reaction at alkaline pH,
      which leads to the same specific products as the physiological RecA-catalyzed
      proteolysis of repressor. We show by circular dichroism (c.d) that, upon non
      specific binding to DNA, the purified amino-terminal domain induces a very
      similar if not identical conformational change of the DNA as does the entire
      repressor. The positive c.d. signal increases approximately 3-fold if the DNA
      lattice is fully saturated with protein. Further, the amino-terminal domain of
      the LexA protein binds specifically to the operator of the recA gene, producing
      qualitatively the same effects on the methylation pattern of the guanine bases by
      dimethylsulfate as the entire repressor, consisting of a methylation inhibition
      effect at four distal operator guanines and a slight enhancement at the central
      bases. The spacing between these contacts suggests that LexA does not bind to the
      operator along the same face of the DNA helix. As shown by c.d. studies the amino
      terminal domain harbours a substantial amount of residues in alpha-helical
      conformation, a prerequisite for DNA recognition via a helix--turn--helix
      structural motif as proposed for many other regulatory proteins.

PMID- 3709525
TI  - Using known substructures in protein model building and crystallography.
AB  - Retinol binding protein can be constructed from a small number of large
      substructures taken from three unrelated proteins. The known structures are
      treated as a knowledge base from which one extracts information to be used in
      molecular modelling when lacking true atomic resolution. This includes the
      interpretation of electron density maps and modelling homologous proteins. Models
      can be built into maps more accurately and more quickly. This requires the use of
      a skeleton representation for the electron density which improves the
      determination of the initial chain tracing. Fragment-matching can be used to
      bridge gaps for inserted residues when modelling homologous proteins.

PMID- 3709527
TI  - Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry (NC-IUB).
      Enzyme nomenclature. Recommendations 1984. Supplement 1: Corrections and
      additions.

PMID- 3709526
TI  - The relation between the divergence of sequence and structure in proteins.
AB  - Homologous proteins have regions which retain the same general fold and regions
      where the folds differ. For pairs of distantly related proteins (residue identity
      approximately 20%), the regions with the same fold may comprise less than half of
      each molecule. The regions with the same general fold differ in structure by
      amounts that increase as the amino acid sequences diverge. The root mean square
      deviation in the positions of the main chain atoms, delta, is related to the
      fraction of mutated residues, H, by the expression: delta(A) = 0.40 e1.87H.

PMID- 3709528
TI  - Anticholinesterase activity of a new carbamate, heptylphysostigmine, in view of
      its use in patients with Alzheimer-type dementia.
AB  - The anticholinesterase activity of a new carbamate, heptylphysostigmine, was
      studied in vitro. This compound is a competitive inhibitor of
      acetylcholinesterase (or true cholinesterase) having Ki = (1 +/- 0.5) X 10(-7) M.
      The inhibition was instantaneous at the onset and did not diminish with prolonged
      incubation of the drug and enzyme.

PMID- 3709529
TI  - Typing of core and backbone domains of mucin-type oligosaccharides from human
      ovarian-cyst glycoproteins by 500-MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy.
AB  - Human blood-group A active glycoproteins from ovarian-cyst fluid were subjected
      to Smith degradation and subsequent beta-elimination. The resulting
      oligosaccharide-alditols represent the core and backbone domains of the O-linked
      carbohydrate chains. Nine of these, ranging in size from disaccharides to
      hexasaccharides, were investigated by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Their primary
      structures could be adequately characterized. In particular, the core types, i.e.
      the substitution patterns of N-acetylgalactosaminitol (GalNAc-ol) as well as the
      types of backbone, i.e. the linkage types of alternating Gal-GlcNAc sequences,
      were unambiguously identified. The core type GlcNAc beta(1-3)GalNAc-ol is
      described for the first time as occurring in ovarian-cyst glycoprotein.

PMID- 3709530
TI  - Self-association of 1,N6-ethenoadenosine 5'-triphosphate (epsilon-ATP) and
      promotion by metal ions.
AB  - The concentration dependence of the chemical shifts of the protons H-2, H-8, H
      10, H-11, and H-1' of 1,N6-ethenoadenosine 5'-triphosphate (epsilon-ATP4-) has
      been measured in D2O at 27 degrees C to elucidate the self-association. The
      results are consistent with the isodesmic model of indefinite noncooperative
      stacking; the association constant, K = 1.9 +/- 0.2 M-1, is only slightly larger
      than the value for ATP4-, K = 1.3 +/- 0.2 M-1. The self-stacking tendency of
      epsilon-ATP4- is promoted by a factor of about 4 by (1:1) coordination of Mg2+ to
      the phosphate moieties, which probably links these together and also neutralizes
      part of the negative charge; Zn2+ is only about half as effective as Mg2+ in
      promoting the self-association. This result contrasts with the self-stacking
      properties of Mg(ATP)2- and Zn(ATP)2-, Zn2+ being considerably more effective in
      a 1:1 ATP system. It is assumed that due to the enhanced affinity of the N-6/N-7
      site of the epsilon-adenine moiety towards Zn2+ repulsion of the bases occurs
      resulting thus in a lower stacking tendency; in addition, the simple isodesmic
      model is no longer applicable to the Zn(epsilon-ATP)2- system: to explain the
      experimental data, the formation of an intermolecular metal ion bridge in the
      dimeric stacks is proposed. The experimental conditions required for studies of
      the properties of monomeric epsilon-ATP systems are described. Care should be
      exercised in employing epsilon-ATP as a probe for ATP.

PMID- 3709531
TI  - Protein volumes and hydration effects. The calculations of partial specific
      volumes, neutron scattering matchpoints and 280-nm absorption coefficients for
      proteins and glycoproteins from amino acid sequences.
AB  - Amino acid sequences, carbohydrate compositions and residue volumes are used to
      compare critically calculations of partial specific volumes v, neutron scattering
      matchpoints and 280-nm absorption coefficients with experimental v values for
      proteins and glycoproteins. The v values that are obtained from amino acid
      densitometry underestimate experimental v values by 0.01-0.02 ml/g while the v
      values from crystallographic volumes overestimate the experimental v values by
      0.04-0.05 ml/g. An intermediate consensus volume set of amino-acid-residue
      volumes is proposed in order to predict experimental v values using sequence
      information. The method is extended to carbohydrates and glycoproteins. Neutron
      scattering matchpoints can be calculated from crystallographic residue volumes on
      the basis of the non-exchange of 10% of the main-chain NH protons.
      Crystallographic results on protein-bound water are used to account for the
      experimental values of v and matchpoints. Finally, 280-nm absorption
      coefficients, A1%, 1 cm 280, of 5-27 are found to be well predicted by the
      Wetlaufer procedure based on the totals of Trp, Tyr and Cys residues. Average
      errors are +/- 0.7, and the experimental A(1%,1cm)280 values can be larger than
      the predicted values by 3%.

PMID- 3709532
TI  - Sequence determination of N-terminal and C-terminal blocked peptides containing N
      alkylated amino acids and structure determination of these amino acid
      constituents by using fast-atom-bombardment/tandem mass spectrometry.
AB  - Peptides, blocked either at the N or C terminus, and thus unsuited for Edman
      degradation, and those containing N-alkylated amino acids, which are not
      detectable when using conventional amino acid analysis, can be easily sequenced
      by applying a method in which fast atom bombardment (FAB) is combined with tandem
      mass spectrometry (MSMS). Moreover, the structure of the N-alkylated amino acid
      constituents is provided by this approach. A widely applicable strategy will be
      presented, and to demonstrate its scope and limitations eighteen analogues of
      sequences related to the C terminus of substance P, a biologically active
      neuropeptide, were investigated. The power and reliability of the approach will
      be demonstrated by analyzing an 'unknown' peptide. Moreover, the detection and
      structure elucidation of N-alkylated amino acids which usually escape amino acid
      analysis will be described, as will be the unequivocal differentiation and
      identification of isomeric MeLeu/MeIle. The influence of the N-alkylation on the
      mass spectrometric fragmentation behaviour will be discussed. Furthermore, the
      sequencing of two adipokinetic hormones by using the combined FAB-MSMS approach
      is described. Analysis of peptides can be achieved with sample sizes less than
      0.1 mumol and be completed within 2-4 h.

PMID- 3709533
TI  - The transamination of L-cystathionine, L-cystine and related compounds by a
      bovine kidney transaminase.
AB  - An enzyme which actively transaminates L-cystathionine, L-cystine, L-lanthionine
      and S-aminoethyl-L-cysteine has been purified from bovine kidney. The
      transaminase appears to be pure up to 90% and probably consists of two subunits
      of similar molecular mass of about 47 kDa. The enzymatic products arising from
      the transamination of L-cystathionine and related compounds spontaneously cyclize
      into ketiminic structures, which are the immediate precursors of unusual imino
      acids recovered in biological materials. The specificity towards other amino acid
      and oxo acid acceptors is similar to the specificity exhibited by rat kidney
      glutamine transaminase. This suggests that the sulfur amino acid transaminations
      that have been described could be performed by the bovine kidney glutamine
      transaminase.

PMID- 3709534
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of the ARGRII regulatory gene and amino acid sequence
      homologies between ARGRII PPRI and GAL4 regulatory proteins.
AB  - We report here the DNA sequence of the ARGRII gene, one of the three regulatory
      genes involved in controlling the anabolism and catabolism of arginine in yeast.
      This gene encodes a protein of 880 amino acids with a deduced molecular mass of
      about 100 kDa. The ARGRII protein shows significant homology with two other
      regulatory proteins of yeast, PPRI and GAL4.

PMID- 3709535
TI  - Carbohydrate structures of acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo californica and
      distribution of oligosaccharides among the subunits.
AB  - The structure of carbohydrates in acetylcholine receptor (AChR) from Torpedo
      californica is reported. Oligosaccharides released quantitatively from the whole
      molecule by N-oligosaccharide glycopeptidase digestion were fractionated by thin
      layer chromatography and further purified by high-performance liquid
      chromatography. We show that more than 70% of the total oligosaccharide chains in
      Torpedo AChR are of the high-mannose type with the structures (Man)8(GlcNAc)2 and
      (Man)9(GlcNAc)2. The structure of these oligosaccharides were determined by
      proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These two types of
      oligosaccharides were shown to be distributed different proportions in all
      subunits of Torpedo AChR. We also show that several kinds of complex-type
      oligosaccharides comprising the rest of the carbohydrate in the protein exist
      mainly in the gamma and delta subunits. The structure of the carbohydrate moiety
      that is distributed on the four subunits of AChR was also examined by
      susceptibility to endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and sialidase and by binding
      affinity to lectins, e.g. concanavalin A, leucoagglutinating phytohemagglutinin,
      and wheat germ agglutinin.

PMID- 3709536
TI  - Crystallographic structural analysis of phosphoramidates as inhibitors and
      transition-state analogs of thermolysin.
AB  - The mode of binding to thermolysin of the unsubstituted phosphoramidate inhibitor
      N-phosphoryl-L-leucinamide (P-Leu-NH2) has been determined crystallographically
      and refined at high resolution (R = 17.9% to 0.16-nm resolution). The mode of
      binding of the naturally occurring thermolysin inhibitor phosphoramidon reported
      previously [Weaver, L. H., Kester, W. R. and Matthews, B. W. (1977) J. Mol. Biol.
      114, 119-132] has also been confirmed by crystallographic refinement (R = 17.4%
      to 0.23-nm resolution). Phosphoramidon binds to the enzyme with a single oxygen
      of the phosphoramidate moiety as a zinc ligand. Together with three ligands to
      the metal from the protein the resultant complex has approximately tetrahedral
      geometry. However, in the case of P-Leu-NH2, two of the phosphoramidate oxygens
      interact with the zinc to form a complex that tends towards pentacoordinate. In
      this respect, P-Leu-NH2 appears to be a better transition-state analog than is
      phosphoramidon. In addition, the phosphorus-nitrogen bond length in P-Leu-NH2 is
      0.18 nm, suggesting that the nitrogen is protonated whereas the same bond in
      phosphoramidon is much shorter (0.15 nm) suggesting that the nitrogen does not
      carry a charge. In phosphoramidon the distance from the phosphoramide nitrogen to
      Glu-143 is 0.39 nm whereas in P-Leu-NH2 this distance decreases to 0.34 nm. Taken
      together, these observations provide additional evidence in support of the
      participation of pentacoordinate intermediates in the mechanism of action of
      thermolysin [Holmes, M. A. and Matthews, B. W. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 6912-6920]
      and the role of Glu-143 in first promoting the attack of a water molecule on the
      carbonyl carbon of the scissile bond and subsequently acting as a 'proton
      shuttle' to transfer the proton to the leaving nitrogen [Monzingo, A. F. and
      Matthews, B. W. (1984) Biochemistry 23, 5724-5729; Hangauer, D. G., Monzingo, A.
      F. and Matthews, B. W. (1984) Biochemistry 23, 5730-5741].

PMID- 3709537
TI  - Oligonucleotide binding to the coat protein disk of tobacco mosaic virus.
      Possible steps in the mechanism of assembly.
AB  - Binding of the oligoribonucleotides AAG, AAGAAG and AAGAAGUUG to the disk
      aggregate of tobacco mosaic virus coat protein has been studied in solution under
      conditions favourable for virus assembly. The two longer oligomers bind strongly
      with Kd around 1 microM, approach complete saturation of binding sites and cause
      the formation of long, nicked helical rods resembling the virus. It is suggested
      that the binding of these oligomers, with sequences chosen from the assembly
      origin of the viral RNA, simulates the tobacco mosaic virus assembly process. No
      binding could be detected for AAG, indicating that chain length is a crucial
      determinant in the interaction. The binding of AAGAAG to coat protein crystals is
      very much weaker than that observed in solution, and the crystals crack at high
      oligomer concentrations. The corresponding oligodeoxyribonucleotide, d(AAGAAG),
      shows no binding to the protein in solution; the interaction is extremely
      specific for RNA.

PMID- 3709538
TI  - Sequence-specific 1H-NMR assignments in rabbit-liver metallothionein-2.
AB  - The complete sequence-specific assignment of the 1H nuclear magnetic resonance
      spectrum of a major subform of rabbit liver metallothionein-2 is presented. The
      sequential assignment procedures revealed a number of differences with regard to
      results obtained by earlier partial chemical sequencing of a preparation now
      known to be microheterogeneous. In particular, the present data indicate a
      polypeptide chain length of 62 amino acid residues as compared to the occurrence
      of 61 amino acids in all other known mammalian metallothioneins. In the new
      sequence, which was also fully confirmed by chemical means, the additional amino
      acid residue was identified as Ala8' inserted between Ala8 and Ala9 of the
      standard amino acid numeration. In addition to the predominant protein species
      all preparations contained a minor component, for which the two-dimensional 1H
      nuclear magnetic resonance features are compatible with a chemically different,
      homologous metallothionein.

PMID- 3709539
TI  - Heterogeneity of dog-liver glutathione S-transferases. Evidence for a unique
      temperature dependence of the catalytic process.
AB  - Dog liver glutathione S-transferase activities are associated with five cytosolic
      proteins and to approximately 1.5% with microsomal proteins determined on the
      basis of activity conjugating to 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. The four major
      cytosolic enzymes were purified to apparent homogeneity by sequential use of ion
      exchange, hydrophobic, hydroxyapatite and affinity chromatography. The isolated
      transferases are binary combinations of three classes of subunits: alpha (Mr =
      26,000), beta (Mr = 27,000), gamma (Mr = 28,500). They were classified by roman
      numerals assigned in order of increasing isoelectric point as DI alpha gamma (pI
      6.4), DII alpha alpha (pI 6.9), DIII beta gamma (pI 8.1), and DIV beta gamma (pI
      8.7). Additionally, traces of conjugating activity may be attributed to a, beta
      monomeric or dimeric protein with cationic character. The differences in
      catalytic specificity, temperature and pH dependence of activity, and sensitivity
      and kinetic response to inhibitory ligands may reflect the intrinsic structural
      heterogeneity of the transferases. At physiological glutathione concentrations DI
      alpha gamma accounted for roughly 60% of the total 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
      conjugating activity, the rank order of activity being DI alpha gamma greater
      than DII alpha alpha greater than DIV beta gamma greater than DIII beta gamma.
      The glutathione-dependent denitration of organic nitrates seems to be restricted
      to the cationic enzymes, whereas 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene-conjugating activity
      is exclusively associated with the anionic transferases, DI alpha gamma much
      greater than DII alpha alpha. Arrhenius plots from initial rate experiments
      performed over a range of temperatures (15-40 degrees C) exhibit an upward bend
      for DI alpha gamma, an apparently constant slope for DII alpha alpha and DIII
      beta gamma, and a downward bend for DIV beta gamma.

PMID- 3709540
TI  - Bohr effect in monomeric insect haemoglobins controlled by O2 off-rate and
      modulated by haem-rotational disorder.
AB  - The monomeric insect (Chironomus thummi thummi) haemoglobins CTT III and CTT IV
      show an alkaline Bohr effect. The amplitude of the Bohr effect curve of CTT IV is
      about twice as large as that of CTT III. In particular, at low pH a time
      dependent 'slow' decrease in p50 upon cyclic oxygenation/deoxygenation is
      observed which is larger if dithionite, instead of ascorbate, is the reducing
      agent. The decrease of p50 (increase in affinity) correlates with the ratio of
      haem-rotational components exhibiting an increase of the 'myoglobin-like' haem
      rotational component with high O2 affinity and high stability of the globin-haem
      complex. The replacement of protohaem IX by mesohaem IX and deuterohaem IX,
      respectively, causes an increase in O2 affinity following the order: proto less
      than meso less than deutero CTT Hbs. The Bohr effect, however, seems not to be
      affected by these porphyrin side-group substitutions. The O2 affinity is
      modulated by steric effects due to the substituents in position 2 and 4 via
      variation of the protein-haem interactions which influence the O2 release. The
      replacement of iron by cobalt in proto and meso CTT IV leads to an increase of
      the p50 by two to three orders of magnitude. Neither central metal nor vinyl
      replacement affect the Bohr effect. The natural CTT Hbs III and IV analyzed for
      mono-componential kinetic systems exhibit pH-dependent O2 off-rate constants: 300
      s-1 (at pH 5.6) and 125 s-1 (at pH 9.7) for CTT III, and 550 s-1 (at pH 5.4) and
      100 s-1 (at pH 9.0) for CTT IV. Inflection points and amplitudes of the log
      koff/pH plots correspond to those obtained from the Bohr effect curves indicating
      again a larger Bohr effect for CTT IV than for CTT III. In contrast, the O2 on
      rate constants are pH-independent (kon = 1.15-1.26 X 10(8) M-1 s-1). Thus, the
      Bohr effect is completely controlled by the off-rate constants. Analysis for bi
      componential kinetic systems employing the eigenfunction expansion method clearly
      identifies two kinetic components for proto-IX and deutero-IX CTT Hbs which can
      be attributed to the two haem-rotational components x and y (x and y differ due
      to an 180 degree rotation of the haem group about the alpha,gamma-meso axis; y is
      the myoglobin-like haem-rotational component).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3709541
TI  - Quantification of fatty acid activation of the uncoupling protein in brown
      adipocytes and mitochondria from the guinea-pig.
AB  - Brown adipocytes from cold-adapted guinea-pigs (C-cells) are more sensitive to
      uncoupling by exogenous palmitate than are cells from warm-adapted animals (W
      cells) with much less uncoupling protein. Half-maximal respiratory stimulation of
      C-cells requires 80 nM free palmitate. Noradrenaline-stimulated lipolysis is not
      rate-limiting for the respiration of either C-cells or W-cells. Half-maximal
      stimulation of fatty acid oxidation by mitochondria from warm-adapted guinea-pigs
      (W-mitochondria) and cold-adapted guinea-pigs (C-mitochondria) both require 12 nM
      free palmitate. Palmitate uncouples C-mitochondria much more readily than M
      mitochondria, paralleling its action on the adipocytes. The uncoupling is
      partially saturable, about 100 nM free palmitate being required for half-maximal
      response of C-mitochondria. W- and C-mitochondria show identical binding
      characteristics for palmitate. The respiratory increase of mitochondria is
      calculated as a function of bound palmitate. After correcting for the residual
      uncoupling protein present in W-mitochondria, palmitate is estimated to be almost
      ineffective as an uncoupler of brown fat mitochondria in the absence of the
      protein. It is concluded that fatty acids display characteristics required of a
      necessary and sufficient physiological activator of the uncoupling protein.

PMID- 3709542
TI  - Conformational transmission in the glyceryl backbone of phospholipid model
      compounds, induced by a P(4-coordinated) into trigonal bipyramidal P(5-coord)
      transition.
AB  - Triesterified phospholipid model compounds have been synthesized and extensively
      studied with 300-MHz 1H NMR in the monomer phase in order to get additional
      support for the effect of conformational transmission induced by a P(4-coord)
      into a trigonal bipyramidal P(5-coord) transition, as was suggested by Merkelbach
      and Buck. To elucidate any conformational preferences around the C2-C3 bond, the
      stereospecifically deuterated precursor 1,2-dihexanoyl-(3R)-sn-[3-2H]glycerol was
      synthesized. The results reveal that a coordinational change of phosphorus from
      four to five is transmitted in a significant increase in population of the
      conformer, in which the vicinally substituted oxygens O-2 and O-3 are trans
      located. The impact of this transmission seems not to be restricted to
      conformational changes in the adjacent C2-C3 bond, but is also present in
      specific rotations around the C1-C2 bond, thereby shifting the C1-C2
      conformational equilibrium towards a decreased contribution of the trans
      arrangement of the acyl chains. As a consequence the interchain distance will be
      reduced and thus van der Waals interactions will be maximized. The results are
      interpreted in terms of increased electron density on O-3 when axially located in
      a P(5-coord) trigonal bipyramidal compound, thereby introducing enhanced
      electrostatic repulsions within the oxygen pairs O-3, O-2 and O-3, O-1.
      Relaxation of this energetically unfavourable geometry leads to the observed
      conformational shifts. Absence of conformational transmission, as found in P(5
      coord) trigonal bipyramidal compounds with the 2-ester group substituted for an
      alkyl moiety, can be considered as additional support for the introduced concept.
      In the alkyl part of the model phospholipids, however, no conformational changes
      were observed by means of 13C NMR. Extrapolating this outcome to more condensed
      phases, a proposition could be made about the mechanism by which conformational
      changes in the head-group and/or glyceryl backbone will be compensated.

PMID- 3709543
TI  - Reactivation of cell-free models of endoplasmic drops from Physarum polycephalum
      after glycerol extraction at low ionic strength.
AB  - The effect of calcium ions on the reactivation of cytoplasmic actomyosin
      contraction in cell-free models of endoplasmic drops from Physarum polycephalum
      after glycerol extraction at low ionic strength depends on the duration of the
      extraction procedure: Ca++ prevents contraction in 20-h extracted specimens,
      whereas after several days of extraction this Ca++-sensitivity is lost. These
      results indicate an inhibitory effect of Ca++ on cytoplasmic actomyosin
      contraction.

PMID- 3709544
TI  - Reactivation of a cell-free model from Physarum polycephalum: studies on
      cryosections indicate an inhibitory effect of Ca++ on cytoplasmic actomyosin
      contraction.
AB  - Cell-free models should offer "in situ conditions" to study the physiology of
      cytoplasmic actomyosin in its natural environment, while, if possible, still
      associated with its regulatory control proteins and other cytoplasmic components.
      Detergents and glycerol as the usual media to permeabilize the plasmalemma and to
      extract a portion of the cytoplasmic components, are accompanied by several
      disadvantages. We investigated a cell-free model consisting of cryosections of
      plasmodial strands that were previously enriched with "stress fibrils" and
      fluorescently labelled with phallotoxins and that contain the non-denatured
      structures that are to be reactivated in situ. The contraction reaction can be
      directly observed in the fluorescence microscope. This procedure allows the study
      of contraction conditions in the natural environment of the fibrils. The aim of
      these reactivation experiments was to identify the role of calcium ions.
      According to our results, a reactivation of cryosections is not Ca++ dependent
      but is partly inhibited at concentrations of 10(-4) to 5 X 10(-2)M Ca++. Complete
      inhibition occurs at 10 to 20 mM Ca++. Electron microscopical investigations
      revealed that the fluorescently labelled contracting structures were identical to
      actomyosin fibrils.

PMID- 3709545
TI  - Effects of mitogenic stimulation on lymphocyte alpha-D-mannosidases.
AB  - Three types of alpha-D-mannosidase are present in human and murine lymphocytes.
      Their levels increased substantially when the cells were activated by T-cell
      mitogens, concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), and in the murine
      cells also by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a B-cell mitogen. The intracellular
      localization of the alpha-D-mannosidases in the non-stimulated and activated
      murine cells was investigated by fractionation of lymphocyte lysates on colloidal
      silica (Percoll) and discontinuous sucrose gradients. In both types of cell, an
      enzyme having optimal activity at neutral pH was obtained in the cytosolic
      fraction and another alpha-D-mannosidase most active at an intermediate pH was
      obtained partly in membrane-bound form. In contrast, an acidic alpha-D
      mannosidase, which was particularly elevated in the activated murine spleen
      cells, had a distribution in these lymphoblasts which was markedly different from
      that in non-stimulated lymphocytes. In the latter, the major proportion of the
      activity was obtained in a cytosolic fraction and the remainder in a particulate
      fraction of light density, whereas the enzyme in activated lymphocytes was
      distributed between vesicles of light and heavy density comparable with lysosomal
      organelles. Moreover, the acidic alpha-D-mannosidase still remained membrane
      bound even when cell lysates were prepared under hypotonic conditions which
      disrupt lysosome integrity. These results suggest that lymphocyte activation
      involves either stabilization of fragile lysosomes present in resting cells or de
      novo synthesis of lysosome-like structures. The acidic alpha-D-mannosidase
      present within isolated, intact lysosomes was found to be in a form, A, whereas a
      different form, B, was most prominent in whole-cell extracts of both types of
      lymphocyte.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3709546
TI  - Cell surface carbohydrate of Leishmania mexicana amazonensis: differences between
      infective and non-infective forms.
AB  - The cell surface carbohydrates of Leishmania mexicana amazonensis (amastigotes
      and promastigotes, both infective and non-infective forms) were comparatively
      analyzed by agglutination assay employing 28 highly purified lectins, and by
      binding assay using 125I-labeled lectins. Among the D-GalNAc binding lectins,
      Bandeiraea simplicifolia-I, Dolichos biflorus, Phaseolus vulgaris and Glycine max
      were highly specific for the amastigotes, while that from Maclura aurantiaca
      selectively agglutinated promastigotes. The lectins from Wistaria floribunda,
      Phaseolus lunatus (D-GalNAc), Arachis hypogaea (D-Gal) and Triticum vulgaris (D
      GlcNAc) were selective for the infective forms (both amastigotes and
      promastigotes), not reacting with the non-infective ones. Conversely, no parasite
      agglutination occurred with the L-fucose binding lectins Lotus tetragonolobus and
      Ulex europaeus-I. Binding studies with 125I-labeled lectins from Wistaria
      floribunda, Triticum vulgaris and Arachis hypogaea were performed to find whether
      unagglutinated non-infective promastigotes might have receptors for these
      lectins, in which case absence of agglutination could be due to a peculiar
      arrangement of the receptors. These assays essentially confirmed the selectivity,
      demonstrated in the agglutination assays of these lectins for the infective
      promastigotes.

PMID- 3709547
TI  - Sequential analysis of synaptonemal complexes in the repopulating spermatocytes
      of Rattus norvegicus after restricting the germ cell population to spermatogonia
      by gossypol treatment.
AB  - Synaptonemal complexes of the repopulating spermatocytes of male rats were
      analyzed day by day using silver-stained surface spread nuclei between 8 and 25
      days after restricting the germ cell population to spermatogonia by treatment of
      gossypol acetic acid at 30 mg/kg body weight/day for 70 days. The method allowed
      sequential analysis of male meiotic prophase on successive days after the last
      day of treatment. The leptotene cells appeared on day 11 and were characterized
      by a network of lateral elements and large nucleolar bodies in a diffuse mass. On
      day 13 the unpaired lateral elements and short stretches of synaptonemal
      complexes characteristic for zygotene could be seen. Pachytene nuclei showing 20
      autosomal synaptonemal complexes and XY axes appeared on day 15. The diplotene
      cells were defined on day 22 by the loss of a complete synaptonemal complex set
      and by the appearance of disjoined lateral elements and persistent segments of
      synaptonemal complexes.

PMID- 3709549
TI  - Differences in the surface properties of the mating types of Physarum
      polycephalum.
AB  - In the slime mold Physarum polycephalum, formation of a diploid plasmodium occurs
      when compatible haploid amoebae fuse. To study cell surface changes associated
      with the fusion process, a non-destructive method known as aqueous, two-phase
      partitioning was employed. Using a two-phase system of dextran and polyethylene
      glycol, we observed that the two mating types (RSD4 and MA185) have different
      partition coefficients and hence different surface properties. Based on their
      partitioning behavior, MA185 cells appear to have a more hydrophobic surface than
      RSD4 amoeba. The partition coefficient of both cell types decreased with time. If
      amoebae were maintained in culture until they encysted, differences in their
      surface were not detectable.

PMID- 3709548
TI  - Measurement of cytoplasmic pH in Dictyostelium discoideum by using a new method
      for introducing macromolecules into living cells.
AB  - We have developed a novel method for introducing exogenous macromolecules from
      solution into the cytoplasm of living amoebae of the cellular slime mold
      Dictyostelium discoideum and have used it to measure the cytoplasmic pH of these
      cells. Amoebae (strain NC-4) were loaded with fluorescein-labelled dextran by
      sonication in a solution containing 17 mM phosphate buffer, 1 mM CaCl2, and 10
      mg/ml of fluorescein-labelled dextran, pH 6.1. The recovery of living cells was
      approximately 40% after sonication and washing. A significant fraction (10%) of
      the recovered cells were loaded and contained 10(5) to 10(7) molecules of
      fluorescein-labelled dextran per cell as assessed by flow cytometry. The cells
      loaded by sonication appeared both viable and healthy, since they exhibited
      normal morphology and locomotion, could differentiate to form mature fruiting
      bodies, could chemotax in a gradient of extracellular cAMP, and could endocytose
      latex microspheres. The pH of single cells was estimated by using flow cytometry
      to measure the fluorescence ratio (fluorescein/rhodamine) in cells loaded with a
      mixture of the two fluorochrome-labelled dextrans. The fluorescence ratios were
      calibrated in situ with the flow cytometer after treatment of the cells with
      either weak acid or weak base to clamp the internal pH at known values. The
      intracellular pH measured in cells loaded with dextran in a simple salt solution
      was 5.9. The intracellular pH measured in cells loaded with dextran in the same
      solution supplemented with amino acids and glucose was 6.7. The novel sonication
      loading technique described may have general utility for loading diverse types of
      macromolecules into suspensions of living cells.

PMID- 3709550
TI  - Isolation of human monocytes according to volume and density.
AB  - Human peripheral blood monocytes were obtained in very pure preparations by using
      buoyant density gradient centrifugation followed by velocity sedimentation. We
      introduced several modifications in the experimental procedure in order to take
      advantage of the minimal differences in cell density and size between monocytes
      and lymphocytes. Previous methods used to isolate monocytes based on their
      physical properties are reviewed, and the theory of velocity sedimentation is
      discussed with regard to the differences in the methodology used, which account
      for the different results we obtained.

PMID- 3709551
TI  - Structure and location of initiation factor eIF-3 within native small ribosomal
      subunits from eukaryotes.
AB  - Native small ribosomal subunits (40SN) from rat liver and rabbit reticulocytes
      prepared at different KC1 concentrations have been investigated by electron
      microscopy after negative staining. Subunits of both origins show identical
      features. The initiation factor eIF-3 is located in the middle region of the
      convex rear side of the particles and covers an area extending from the
      protuberance at the interface up to the external surface. eIF-3 has the shape of
      a flat triangular prism and is attached with its triangular base to the ribosomal
      surface.

PMID- 3709552
TI  - DNA synthesis and microtubule assembly-related events in fertilized Paracentrotus
      lividus eggs: reversible inhibition by 10 mM procaine.
AB  - This report describes the effects of 10 mM procaine on microtubule assembly and
      on DNA synthesis, as followed by [3H]colchicine binding assays and [3H]thymidine
      incorporation respectively, in fertilized Paracentrotus lividus eggs. In the
      absence of microtubule assembly inhibitors, about 25% of the total egg tubulin is
      submitted to two cycles of polymerization prior to the first cell division, this
      polymerization process precedes DNA synthesis. If the zygotes are treated with 10
      mM procaine in the course of the cell cycle, tubulin polymerization is inhibited
      or microtubules are disassembled. DNA synthesis is inhibited when procaine
      treatment is performed 10 min, before the initiation of the S-period. However,
      when the drug is applied in the course of this synthetic period, the process is
      normally accomplished, but the next S-period becomes inhibited. Moreover,
      procaine treatment increases the cytoplasmic pH of the fertilized eggs by about
      0.6 to 0.8 pH units. This pH increase precedes microtubule disassembly and
      inhibition of DNA synthesis. Washing out the drug induces a decrease of the
      intracellular pH which returns to about the same value as that of the fertilized
      egg controls. This pH change is then followed by the reinitiation of microtubule
      assembly, DNA synthesis and cell division. Our results show that the inhibition
      of both tubulin polymerization and DNA synthesis in fertilized eggs treated with
      10 mM procaine, appears to be related to the drug-induced increase in cytoplasmic
      pH.

PMID- 3709553
TI  - Colour-coded Doppler flow imaging: what are the prospects?

PMID- 3709554
TI  - Echocardiographic evaluation of the dimensions and systolic properties of the
      left ventricle in freshman athletes during physical training.
AB  - The purpose of the study was to evaluate the early anatomic and functional
      changes of the left ventricles in junior freshman non-professional athletes just
      beginning specific regular training programs for 6 different types of sport.
      Forty-nine males (mean age 20 +/- 6 years) and 9 sedentary controls were studied
      by means of sequential M-mode echocardiograms, before and after a 10 to 12 week
      training period: 13 athletes started bicycle-riding (aerobic category), 6 sprint
      (anaerobic category), 6 weight-lifting (strength category), 13 soccer (mixed
      category), 11 rifle-shooting (manual dexterity category). Resting heart rate,
      blood pressure, left ventricular diameter (LVID), left ventricular posterior wall
      and interventricular septum thickness (LVPWT, IVST), left ventricular mass
      (LVMI), relative wall thickness (h/r ratio) and fractional shortening (FS%) of
      the LVID, cardiac index (CI) and stroke volume (SV) were comparable in all groups
      initially. After the training period, the cyclists, the sprinters and the soccer
      players showed an increased LVID, LVMI and FS%. The cyclists and the soccer
      players also showed a decreased h/r ratio. The weight-lifters showed a slight
      increase of their LVMI, with an increased h/r ratio. We have, thus, documented
      that even after a relatively short non-strenuous training period, specific
      anatomical and functional changes occurred in the hearts of young athletes
      practising sports for recreational purposes, according to the type of sport.

PMID- 3709555
TI  - Serum potassium concentrations are inversely related to ventricular, but not to
      atrial, arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - In a study of 1033 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction, serum
      potassium concentrations were determined on admission to hospital and studied
      with respect to the subsequent occurrence of atrial fibrillation and flutter and
      of ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation. The study cohort fulfilled the
      inclusion criteria for the Norwegian timolol trial in which they later took part.
      In multivariate analysis, with serum potassium concentrations as a continuous
      variable, age, the presence of ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation, and
      maximum level of aspartate aminotransferase greater than four times the upper
      limit of normal were significantly associated with the occurrence of atrial
      fibrillation and flutter, while serum potassium concentration was not. Serum
      potassium concentrations and time from onset of the infarction to hospital
      admission were significantly negatively associated with the occurrence of
      ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation; while age, cardiomegaly, transient
      hypotension, pathological Q-waves in the electrocardiogram, atrial fibrillation
      and flutter, and ventricular premature beats were positively related to these
      arrhythmias. Thus, there is an independent inverse relationship between serum
      potassium concentrations and ventricular arrhythmias in acute myocardial
      infarction.

PMID- 3709556
TI  - ST-segment changes in normal men during ambulatory electrocardiography.
AB  - 24-hour ambulatory monitoring was performed on 46 healthy men. The ECG analysis
      system employed a digital filter implemented in software to obtain satisfactory
      low frequency response. The 46 subjects were aged between 18 and 63. Of the 30
      subjects aged 30 and under, 13 had episodes of ST elevation, 3 had episodes of ST
      elevation and depression and 3 had episodes of ST depression. In the 16 subjects
      aged over 30, 3 had episodes of ST elevation. During ambulatory
      electrocardiographic monitoring of healthy men aged 30 and under, ST-segment
      changes were a common finding.

PMID- 3709557
TI  - Amiodarone-induced torsades de pointes.
AB  - Five cases of amiodarone-induced syncope due to torsades de pointes or
      ventricular fibrillation are described. Amiodarone was used for recurrent
      supraventricular tachycardia in four cases and frequent ventricular extra
      systoles complicating congenital QT prolongation in the remaining case. Each was
      associated with a marked prolongation in the QTc interval following amiodarone.
      Three cases had had a previous history of life-threatening ventricular
      arrhythmias secondary to anti-arrhythmic drugs. Hypokalemia may have been a
      contributory factor in two. The clinical features, predisposing factors, and
      treatment are discussed.

PMID- 3709559
TI  - A case of anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the left sinus of
      Valsalva exhibiting the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.
AB  - A 56-year-old male with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome was suspected of
      having suffered a myocardial infarction following attacks of chest pain. Serial
      measurements of serum creatine phosphokinase and the electrocardiographic
      findings after ajmaline loading virtually excluded the possibility of myocardial
      infarction. Paroxysmal tachycardia was not noted on 24 Holter
      electrocardiographic monitoring. Both the left and right coronary arteries were
      found by selective coronary angiography to originate from the left sinus of
      Valsalva, but neither of the arteries showed organic stenoses. However,
      myocardial 201Tl scintigraphy after exercise indicated poor uptake in the high
      anterolateral wall, and at the apex and septum near the anterior wall, which
      suggested the absence of ischaemia in the area supplied by the right coronary
      artery. We speculate that a left coronary artery steal phenomenon was the cause
      of the ischaemia after exercise in this patient.

PMID- 3709558
TI  - Cardiac tamponade as the first manifestation of cardiothoracic malignancy: a
      study of 10 cases.
AB  - Ten patients with cardiac tamponade as the first presentation of cardiothoracic
      malignancy were evaluated from May, 1976 to June, 1982. The best treatment of
      this particularly rare neoplastic manifestation is still being debated. The
      clinical data of our ten patients were compared to those previously described in
      the literature. They were first treated by pericardiocentesis and creation of a
      pericardial window, without recurrence of significant pericardial effusion. Our
      data suggest that the addition of radiotherapy to the other therapeutic methods
      (surgery and chemotherapy) may improve survival.

PMID- 3709560
TI  - Diagnostic value of early and delayed 201Tl thyroid scintigraphy in the
      evaluation of cold nodules for malignancy.
AB  - We performed 201Tl thyroid scintigraphy using an early and delayed scanning
      technique in 34 patients exhibiting cold nodules on 99mTc scans. Of the 29 benign
      nodules, 27 were correctly diagnosed as being negative, i.e. 93% specificity.
      However, two of five malignant nodules failed to concentrate activity on both the
      early and delayed scans. The low sensitivity (60%) of this method for detecting
      carcinomas limits its clinical value in the routine diagnostic work-up of
      patients with suspected thyroid cancer. Our findings are in contrast to previous
      more optimistic reports.

PMID- 3709561
TI  - Observations on para-articular uptake of radiophosphate after hip replacement.
AB  - A correlation was made between the incidence and intensity of 99mTc-methylene
      diphosphonate (MDP) concentration and the radiographic incidence and volume of
      heterotopic calcium deposition in 44 patients with hip arthroplasties, as well as
      with the duration of the hip implants. The incidence of soft tissue para
      articular MDP concentration was 95% compared to a 68% incidence of
      radiographically visible heterotopic calcium, bone or both. The concentration of
      MDP did not decrease on average with the age of the implant, which ranged from 6
      months to 15 years, even though radiographs showed evidence of mature
      ossification in many of them. The cause of these sustained high uptakes is open
      to speculation, but the findings indicate that radiophosphate imaging is not a
      reliable means of assessing maturation of heterotopic bone associated with hip
      arthroplasty.

PMID- 3709562
TI  - Asynchronous filling in ischemic heart disease and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
AB  - A multigated blood-pool study was performed to assess regional and global
      emptying and filling in 16 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), 43
      patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD), and 14 controls. The regional volume
      curve was fitted using second-order harmonics in the Fourier series, while the
      global left-ventricular volume curve was fitted using third-order harmonics. As
      asynchronous indices, the standard deviations (SD) in distribution histograms of
      time to end-systole (TES), time to peak ejection (TPE), and time to peak filling
      (TPF) were obtained in the left ventricle. In patients with IHD, the TPF-SD was
      higher (14.4 +/- 11.3 degrees) than the TES-SD (7.8 +/- 5.1 degrees) and TPE-SD
      (8.1 +/- 5.9 degrees), suggesting the presence of asynchronous filling. In
      patients with HCM, the TPF-SD was also higher (11.6 +/- 11.1 degrees) than the
      TES-SD (3.5 +/- 2.4 degrees) and TPE-SD (6.2 +/- 4.4 degrees). The phase delay
      was localized in the anteroseptal or apical region in all 5 HCM patients with
      abnormal wall motion, while it corresponded with the region of abnormal wall
      motion in the patients with IHD. The TPF-SD was inversely correlated with the
      left-ventricular ejection fraction (r = -0.46), peak filling rate (r = -0.50),
      and the ratio of peak filling rate to peak ejection rate (r = -0.52), suggesting
      that asynchronous filling is related to global diastolic disturbance. We conclude
      that asynchronous filling is often present in patients with IHD and HCM, and that
      our technique can be used to obtain a quantitative assessment of regional
      asynchronous emptying and filling in these diseases.

PMID- 3709564
TI  - Partial exchange transfusion using peripheral vessels in polycythaemic newborn
      infants.
AB  - The authors detail their experience with partial exchange transfusion performed
      through peripheral vessels in 35 polycythaemic newborn infants. They suggest that
      this alternative procedure might be the method of choice for short term
      exchanges, since it is easy to apply and avoids the risks associated with
      umbilical vein catheterisation.

PMID- 3709563
TI  - Mathematical model of the metabolism of 123I-16-iodo-9-hexadecenoic acid in an
      isolated rat heart. Validation by comparison with experimental measurements.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to demonstrate that it is possible to estimate
      the intracellular metabolism of a fatty acid labelled with iodine using external
      radioactivity measurements. 123I-16-iodo-9-hexadecenoic acid (IHA) was injected
      close to the coronary arteries of isolated rat hearts perfused according to the
      Langendorff technique. The time course of the cardiac radioactivity was measured
      using an INa crystal coupled to an analyser. The obtained curves were analysed
      using a four-compartment mathematical model, with the compartments corresponding
      to the vascular-IHA (O), intramyocardial free-IHA (1), esterified-IHA (2) and
      iodide (3) pools. Curve analysis using this model demonstrated that, as compared
      to substrate-free perfusion, the presence of glucose (11 mM) increased IHA
      storage and decreased its oxidation. These changes were enhanced by the presence
      of insulin. A comparison of these results with measurements of the radioactivity
      levels within the various cellular fractions validated our proposed mathematical
      model. Thus, using only a mathematical analysis of a cardiac time-activity curve,
      it is possible to obtain quantitative information about IHA distribution in the
      different intracellular metabolic pathways. This technique is potentially useful
      for the study of metabolic effects of ischaemia or anoxia, as well as for the
      study of the influence of various substrates or drugs on IHA metabolism in
      isolated rat hearts.

PMID- 3709565
TI  - Variations in dried blood spot immunoreactive trypsin in relation to gestational
      age and during the first week of life.
AB  - Dry blood spot immunoreactive trypsin was measured by radioimmunoassay in 84
      preterm babies and in 65 full-term newborns studied daily from the first to the
      fifth day of life. In a control group of 3858 full-term newborns, trypsin
      concentrations at days 4-6 of life exhibited a log-normal pattern distribution,
      the geometric mean being 18 ng/ml serum. Immunoreactive trypsin concentrations
      did not change significantly between days 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 after birth.
      Immunoreactive trypsin was found to be significantly lower (geometric mean 9
      ng/ml, P less than 0.01) in preterm newborns before 32 weeks of gestation. In
      hypotrophic newborns of 34 weeks gestational age, immunoreactive trypsin values
      were higher than those observed at 31 weeks of gestation in eutrophic newborns,
      the mean birth weight not being different between both groups. These data suggest
      that trypsin production by the pancreas is dependent on maturity but does not
      seem related to intrauterine nutritional status. Immunoreactive trypsin
      concentrations do not change after 32 weeks gestational age and during the first
      postnatal week.

PMID- 3709566
TI  - Childhood neuromuscular disease with rimmed vacuoles.
AB  - A 5-year-old boy suffered from a slowly progressive non-familial neuromuscular
      disease, clinically marked by generalised muscle weakness, atrophy and hypotonia,
      a "myopathic" EMG and mildly elevated CK values. His gastrocnemius muscle showed
      marked myopathy, type I fibre predominance, and numerous "rimmed" vacuoles. This
      boy's condition is regarded as a childhood neuromuscular disease with rimmed
      vacuoles.

PMID- 3709567
TI  - Rett syndrome revisited: a patient with biotin dependency.
AB  - A patient with Rett syndrome (cerebral atrophy associated with hyperammonemia)
      was studied. Primary defects of urea cycle enzymes were excluded as causes of the
      disorder. The analysis of urinary organic acids showed a moderate increase of
      lactate, methylcitrate, tiglyglycine and 3-hydroxisovalerate, indicating an
      abnormality of multiple carboxylases. Biotin supplementation reversed the urinary
      abnormalities. In fibroblasts grown with a low biotin medium propionylCoA and 3
      methylcrotonylCoA carboxylase activities were reduced. Holocarboxylase synthetase
      activity was normal (Vmax and Km). Surprisingly the biotinidase in fibroblasts
      was not decreased. The data indicate that some patients with Rett syndrome might
      suffer from a biotin-dependent defect of unknown nature.

PMID- 3709568
TI  - Malonyl coenzyme A decarboxylase deficiency. Clinical and biochemical findings in
      a second child with a more severe enzyme defect.
AB  - A second child with a more severe deficiency of malonyl CoA decarboxylase is
      described. He is mildly mentally retarded and presented with vomiting, a seizure,
      hypoglycaemia and mild metabolic acidosis during a urinary tract infection. The
      urine contained increased amounts of malonic, methylmalonic, succinic, adipic,
      glutaric and suberic acids. Mitochondrial malonyl CoA decarboxylase activity in
      cultured fibroblast extracts was 4% of the mean control value. A high fat, low
      carbohydrate diet led to symptomatic hypoglycaemia, a moderate metabolic acidosis
      and excretion in the urine of large amounts of the same organic acids and 3
      hydroxybutyrate. Only relatively small quantities of malonic, methylmalonic and
      succinic acid were excreted in the urine when the boy was fed an isocaloric low
      fat, high carbohydrate diet. Acute fat and lysine loads led to increased
      excretion of malonic acid in the urine without affecting the excretion of the
      other organic acids. Experience with this patient suggests that malonyl CoA
      decarboxylase serves an important function in the mitochondrion by preventing
      accumulation of malonyl CoA. The importance of the enzyme is best seen when fat
      is the main metabolic fuel. The mechanisms by which malonyl CoA produces its
      complex metabolic effects remain to be elucidated.

PMID- 3709569
TI  - Increased manganese content and reduced arginase activity in erythrocytes of a
      patient with prolidase deficiency (iminodipeptiduria).
AB  - Manganese was measured in blood of a patient with prolidase deficiency by neutron
      activation analysis. The manganese content of packed blood cells was 48.9 ng/g
      wet weight (controls 18.4 +/- 4.3 ng/g wet weight). It was proportionately
      increased in whole blood, whereas the serum manganese concentration was
      unchanged. The erythrocyte arginase activity was reduced to 46% of the mean
      control value. The reduced activities of two manganese-dependent enzymes,
      prolidase and arginase in erythrocytes in combination with an increased manganese
      content cannot be explained at the moment and leads to the speculation that
      manganese is inaccessible for enzyme activation.

PMID- 3709570
TI  - The Dubowitz syndrome.
AB  - The Dubowitz syndrome is a rare, autosomal, recessively inherited disorder of
      intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation leading to microcephaly, moderate
      mental retardation and such characteristic facial anomalies as telecanthus,
      epicanthic folds, blepharophimosis, ptosis, broadening of the bridge and tip of
      the nose, abnormal ears and retrogenia. Further findings include hyperactivity,
      eczema, cryptorchidism in the affected males, and brachy-clinodactyly of the
      fifth fingers. Thirty-three cases with this syndrome have been reported in the
      literature. Five additional patients are presented. All five are sporadic cases.
      The diagnostic symptoms and the differential diagnosis are discussed.

PMID- 3709571
TI  - LADD syndrome: report of new cases and review of the clinical spectrum.
AB  - The lacrimo-auriculo-dento-digital or LADD syndrome is a true multiple congenital
      anomalies (MCA) syndrome characterized by hypoplasias, aplasias or atresias in
      the lacrimal system; anomalies of the ears and hearing loss; hypoplasias,
      aplasias or atresias in the region of the salivary system; dental anomalies; and
      digital malformations. The syndrome is thought to be an autosomal dominant trait
      with variable expressivity. It seems to be rare. Two new cases are reported and
      the clinical spectrum of the syndrome is reviewed. The paediatrician who is
      responsible for the child as a whole individual should know the LADD syndrome.
      Its early recognition may be important.

PMID- 3709572
TI  - Pachymeningitis presenting feature of posterior sinus infection.
AB  - Pachymeningitis may be the presenting symptom of an adjacent paranasal sinus or
      ear infection. Inflammatory disease of the posterior sinuses (sphenoid and
      posterior ethmoid cells) may not clinically be apparent and might be overlooked.
      We report three patients presenting with symptoms and signs of pachymeningitis
      due to posterior sinus infection. Surgical and/or medical treatment of the local
      disease results in resolution of the pachymeningitis.

PMID- 3709573
TI  - 3-Ketothiolase deficiency.
AB  - Two patients have been studied in whom the activity of the short chain-length
      specific mitochondrial 3-ketothiolase was found to be deficient. Use of a range
      of 3-ketoacyl-CoA substrates showed that the other 3-ketothiolase isoenzymes were
      normal in each case. Both patients had episodic ketosis and metabolic acidosis.
      One patient had substantial evidence of damage to the central nervous system and
      two siblings who had died of the disease. The organic aciduria was characterized
      by the excretion of 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyric acid and tiglyglycine. In one
      patient the organic aciduria was very subtle and was masked during the presence
      of ketosis, but it was clarified by an isoleucine load after recovery from
      ketosis.

PMID- 3709574
TI  - Dystonia as a presenting sign of subacute necrotising encephalomyelopathy in
      infancy.
AB  - A case of subacute necrotising encephalomyelopathy is reported with such note
      worthy features as early onset, dystonic manifestations and the presence of low
      attenuation areas in the basal ganglia on computerised tomography of the brain.
      Laboratory findings were normal and the diagnosis was confirmed at postmortem
      examination.

PMID- 3709575
TI  - Urinary microscopy in the diagnosis of haematuria in Schonlein-Henoch purpura.
AB  - A 5.5-year-old boy with Schonlein-Henoch purpura presented flank pain,
      macroscopic haematuria and voiding of blood clots. Radiologic examination showed
      a stenosing ureteritis. Treatment with prednisone was accompanied by resolution
      of the urologic manifestations. Ureteritis is a potentially serious complication
      of Schonlein-Henoch purpura and its incidence is probably underestimated. Less
      than half of the reported patients have had symptoms suggesting a urologic
      complication. Microscopic examination of the urinary sediment can be helpful for
      the precocious diagnosis of ureteritis in the Schonlein-Henoch purpura.

PMID- 3709576
TI  - Infantile multisystem inflammatory disease: another case of a new syndrome.
AB  - A 4-year-old girl with neonatal onset of chronic diffuse urticarial rash, head
      enlargement, protruding eye balls, bilateral arthritis of the knees, growth and
      mental retardation, and signs in blood and cerebrospinal fluid of chronic
      inflammation is presented and compared to two similar cases reported by us
      previously. Including this new patient there are now 14 documented cases with
      this specific inflammatory syndrome whose aetiology remains unknown. In the
      present case, however, elevated antibody titres against I.ric. Borrelia antigen
      were found in the serum.

PMID- 3709577
TI  - Bronchoscopic treatment of necrotising tracheo-bronchitis in a newborn.

PMID- 3709578
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of hereditary tyrosinaemia type I by determination of
      fumarylacetoacetase in chorionic villus material.

PMID- 3709579
TI  - Serum zinc concentrations in exclusively breast-fed infants and in infants fed an
      adapted formula.

PMID- 3709580
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of gastrin in human saliva.
AB  - We have developed a personal procedure for the radioimmunoassay of gastrin (lower
      detection limit 3 pg/ml). Using 5-fold concentrated lyophilized salivary samples,
      we are able to detect the basal content of gastrin immunoreactivity in saliva of
      normal fasting people (mean +/- SD: 1.38 +/- 0.61 pg/ml) compared to plasma
      gastrin (mean +/- SD: 28.88 +/- 11.00 pg/ml). We found that after meal stimulus,
      the value of salivary as well as plasma gastrin concentration increased (the
      correlation coefficient r among salivary and plasma gastrin being 0.899; p less
      than 0.001). We believe that gastrin appears in a very low concentration in
      saliva and that it is not produced by the gland, but derives probably from the
      serum clearance.

PMID- 3709581
TI  - Surgical management of renal cell carcinoma with vena cava tumor thrombus.
AB  - The results of the surgical management of 28 patients with renal cell carcinoma
      extending into the inferior vena cava have been analyzed. 8 patients had caval
      tumor thrombus extension at the level of the renal veins, 14 had infrahepatic, 5
      retrohepatic and 1 atrial tumor thrombus extension. The caval wall was
      infiltrated by tumor in 7 cases. 9 patients had metastases. Lymph node
      involvement was seen in 9 patients. Life-table analysis of all 28 patients
      revealed on overall probability of survival of 32 and 9% at 2 and 5 years,
      respectively. The patients with caval involvement alone (N0M0) had a 2-year
      survival rate of 69%. Those with distant metastases or caval infiltration had a 2
      year survival of 27 and 0% (p = NS). The level of caval tumor thrombus extension
      had a statistically insignificant influence on the survival of patients. In fact
      the 2-year survival rates of patients with caval thrombus at the level of the
      renal veins, below the large hepatic veins and above the large hepatic veins were
      30, 36 and 32%, respectively. Our statistical data demonstrate that caval
      involvement has a very negative impact on the prognosis of patients with renal
      cancer.

PMID- 3709582
TI  - Results of treatment of post-prostatectomy incontinence using the Kaufman
      prosthesis.
AB  - The results of inserting 55 Kaufman prostheses into 45 patients with post
      prostatectomy incontinence have been reviewed. Twenty-seven patients (60%) were
      continent and 3 were greatly improved. Ten patients were dry after their first
      prosthesis, 11 required 'topping up' of the device, and 5 were after the first
      prosthesis had been replaced. Results improved in the later part of the series.
      The Kaufman prosthesis is a valuable device in the treatment of post
      prostatectomy incontinence.

PMID- 3709583
TI  - Treatment of T2/T3 bladder carcinoma: total cystectomy with and without
      preoperative irradiation.
AB  - Total cystectomy with or without preoperative radiotherapy was performed in 122
      patients with T2/T3 bladder carcinoma (group 1:42 patients, 23 X 2 Gy; group 2:34
      patients, 5 X 4 Gy; group 3:46 patients, 0 Gy). Crude and disease-free survival
      was 40 and 54%, respectively, in this retrospective study. No survival difference
      was observed between the different groups. 'Stage reduction' in the cystectomy
      specimen (P less than T) was the only significant prognostic parameter and was
      seen in 24, 15 and 18 patients from groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Distant
      metastases were found in 47 patients during follow-up, equally distributed
      between the 3 groups, but significantly less often in patients with 'stage
      reduction'. In patients with T2/T3 bladder cancer, the role of precystectomy
      radiotherapy remains undefined, though there might be a nonidentifiable subgroup
      of patients (about 20%) who probably benefit from preoperative irradiation.
      Preferably short-term radiotherapy should be applied. As distant metastases
      represent the most common reason for treatment failure after total cystectomy,
      the role of adjuvant systemic chemotherapy has to be explored in further clinical
      studies.

PMID- 3709584
TI  - Are changing semen parameters a universal phenomenon?
AB  - The semen characteristics of 100 fertile indigenous blacks were studied. The mean
      semen volume was 2.6 ml, sperm density 55 million/ml, motility 61% and well
      formed sperm 71%. These figures are comparable to those of similar recent studies
      in Caucasians but differ significantly from earlier studies. Our data seem to
      support recent observations that there has been a decline in the sperm density of
      fertile males in the past 3 decades and that the earlier standards of sperm
      concentration may be too high for the present.

PMID- 3709585
TI  - Intracavernous injection of noradrenaline to interrupt erections during surgical
      interventions.
AB  - Injection of a small dose of noradrenaline in one corpus cavernosum caused quick
      detumescence in 10 children and 7 adults with disturbing peroperative erections.
      The mode of administration is simple, and complications have not appeared. As
      this therapy has always been effective and avoids the need for deeper anesthesia,
      we dare to recommend it as first choice treatment for peroperative erections.

PMID- 3709586
TI  - Epidural morphine: a new approach to combined anesthesia and analgesia in
      urological patients.
AB  - The effect of combined epidural anesthesia and epidural morphine injection is
      discussed. A group of 98 patients (group A), chosen at random, was operated on
      under such combined anesthesia and compared to a similar group of 98 patients
      (group B), equally chosen at random, operated on under either spinal or general
      anesthesia with no epidural morphine added. Over 87% of group A needed no
      narcotic drugs for postoperative pain. All patients in the group B needed 60-80
      mg of morphine during the first 48 postoperative hours. The quantity of morphine
      required was the main parameter for comparison. The postoperative course in group
      A was considerably easier while the operative results were equal in both groups.

PMID- 3709587
TI  - Fibroepithelial polyps of the ureter. Etiology, diagnosis, treatment and
      pathology.
AB  - In order to draw attention to this rather rare condition affecting all age
      groups, 4 cases of fibroepithelial polyps of the ureter are reported.
      Conservative surgery is mandatory after adequate preoperative work-up. The
      pathological findings, incidence and diagnostic and therapeutic modalities are
      discussed and some etiological factors proposed.

PMID- 3709589
TI  - Screening of chelating agents for chemolysis.
AB  - The solubility of calcium oxalate monohydrate and calcium hydroxyapatite was
      calculated as a function of pH in the presence of different chelating agents and
      was compared with the solubilities in EDTA- or CDTA-containing solutions. An
      analysis of the solubility curves for 19 chelating agents showed that 5 of the
      complexing agents considered result in a high solubility for calcium phosphate
      and oxalate at pH 8 or higher. For these complexing agents the solubility curves
      of struvite were also calculated. EGTA and HEDTA showed rather low solubilities
      for struvite due to their low tendency to form complexes with magnesium. On the
      basis of the calculated solubility curves, the expected litholytic effectiveness
      for the inorganic kidney stone compounds could be classified in the following
      decreasing order: CDTA approximately equal to EDTA approximately equal to EGTA
      greater than EEDTA greater than DTPA greater than UDA approximately equal to
      HEDTA. With the exception of EGTA and HEDTA for struvite stones, solutions based
      on these compounds show high solubilities for all the inorganic kidney stone
      compounds at a solution pH of 8 or higher and therefore have good prospects as
      litholytic agents.

PMID- 3709588
TI  - Mechanisms of injury in unilateral testis torsion.
AB  - We investigated the mechanisms of injury involved in unilateral testis torsion as
      well as the interventional effects of orchiectomy at 48 h and immunosuppression
      with corticosteroids in rats. Torsion was associated with abnormal contralateral
      testis histology and raised antilymphocytes and antisperm antibody titers. Both
      orchiectomy and steroid administration lessened these findings, suggesting that
      an immunological process underlies the abnormality seen in this experiment model.

PMID- 3709590
TI  - Mucosal morphology of ileal conduits with particular reference to urinary
      infections.
AB  - Mucosal biopsies were obtained for histological and electron microscopical
      studies from 20 patients with ileal urinary conduits. Special interest was
      focused on problems of urinary tract infections and their possible role in the
      pathogenesis of these changes. Chronic inflammation with mild to total villous
      atrophy was found as well as reduction in the amount of mucosal glands.
      Ultrastructurally the main cellular elements of the ileal epithelium and mucosa
      were preserved. The age of the conduit did not seem to be decisive in the
      histological findings. Also recurrent infections could not be shown to be
      responsible for the changes in the conduit mucosa. In irradiated patients,
      fibrotic changes in the lamina propria of the conduit mucosa were apparent and
      the microvilli especially short and scanty.

PMID- 3709591
TI  - Pelvic hemangiopericytoma resembling a prostatic tumor.
AB  - A case of pelvic hemangiopericytoma resembling a prostatic tumor is presented.
      Radical prostatovesiculectomy with enblock tumor excision was performed. No
      metastases were found. The histopathologic picture was suggestive of the
      malignant form of hemangiopericytoma. Two years postoperatively the patient is in
      good condition without any signs of recurrence.

PMID- 3709592
TI  - Non-functioning adrenal carcinoma.
AB  - We report a 3,500-gram non-functioning adrenal carcinoma in a 43-year-old male.
      The only clinical symptom was the mass effect on the abdomen. The associated
      pathologies (duodenal ulcus, cholelithiasis, and thyroid nodule) were treated in
      the same operation. The large size of the tumor, its slow growth rate (more than
      6 years), and the long survival after surgery (20 months) are emphasized.

PMID- 3709593
TI  - Common origin of inferior mesenteric and main renal artery.
AB  - The first case of a common origin of both the inferior mesenteric and single main
      renal artery, angiographically documented in a patient with primary ipsilateral
      ectopic kidney, is reported. Embryologic as well as surgical aspects are
      mentioned.

PMID- 3709594
TI  - Phase II study of a combination of hydroxyurea, fluorouracil and mitomycin in
      previously treated squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
AB  - Thirty-six evaluable patients with locoregionally recurrent or metastatic
      squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were treated with a combination of
      mitomycin (10 mg/m2 i.v. day 1), fluorouracil (500 mg/m2 i.v. days 1 + 8) and
      hydroxyurea (1 g/m2 orally days 2-14). Thirty-three patients had received prior
      radiation therapy and 34 prior chemotherapy. Only two patients exhibited a
      partial response. Hematological toxicity was substantial, with three patients
      experiencing leukopenia below 1000/mm3 and seven patients experiencing
      thrombocytopenia below 25,000/mm3. There were four cases of treatment-related
      bleeding and one infection. Other side-effects were mild to moderate. Low
      antitumor activity and substantial toxicity preclude further evaluation of this
      regimen in head and neck cancer.

PMID- 3709595
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of intra-arterial and intravenous cisplatin in head and neck
      cancer patients.
AB  - After administration of cisplatin (50 mg/m2 on days 1 and 2) by intra-arterial or
      intravenous infusions over 1 or 6 hr to a total of 24 patients with head and neck
      cancer, the main pharmacokinetic parameters of platinum were determined according
      to a multicompartmental analysis. Elimination half-life of total platinum is
      greater than 3 days, the amount of platinum recovered in the urine over 7 days
      accounting for 15-50% of the administered dose. The half-life of filterable
      platinum species was calculated from the urinary excretion data: 39 +/- 17 min
      (i.a./1 hr), 37 +/- 24 min (i.a./6 hr), 58 +/- 17 min (i.v./1 hr) and 51 +/- 22
      min (i.v./6 hr). Biopsies of the tumor were also analyzed on day 3 for their
      platinum content. The mean concentrations of platinum in biopsies were: 2.72
      micrograms/g (i.a./1 hr), 3.89 micrograms/g (i.a./6 hr), 1.27 micrograms/g
      (i.v./1 hr) and 1.38 micrograms/g (i.v./6 hr). Tumor regression, based upon
      clinical and histological data, was only moderate after this single chemotherapy
      course.

PMID- 3709596
TI  - Two types of tumour sensitivity test compared for platinum derivatives.
AB  - For early passages of 15 human tumours grown in nude mice two types of test for
      prediction of sensitivity to cytostatic drugs were carried out for four platinum
      compounds. The subrenal capsule assay of Bogden was not found to be useful for
      these early passages, since the response of duplicate tests was not very
      different from randomly distributed results. The clonogenic assay as described by
      Hamburger and Salmon gave reproducible results on the drug sensitivity of those
      tumour cells that grew colonies in vitro. However, in a limited number of cases
      irregular colony growth occurred. Lower drug concentrations were apparently more
      effective in killing cells than higher concentrations. From the replicate test
      results it became clear that such results are not a reliable indicator of drug
      sensitivity. Furthermore, the critical drug concentrations for optimal testing of
      drug effectiveness is probably not well represented by a uniform relation to peak
      plasma level.

PMID- 3709597
TI  - Heterogeneity of glycoprotein synthesis in human tumor cell lines.
AB  - In order to screen human tumor cells for putative cell surface marker molecules,
      the glycoprotein composition of in vitro cultivated human tumor cell lines of
      different origin (12 carcinomas, one neuroblastoma, one melanoma and one sarcoma)
      was analyzed by metabolically labelling the cells with [3H]galactose, [3H]mannose
      and [3H]fucose and subsequently separating the labelled material by SDS-PAGE. The
      cell lines expressed their specific glycoprotein patterns. Strongly glycosylated
      proteins of apparent mol. wt 40-45 kD, 60-62 kD, 80-82 kD and 90-92 kD were
      shared by nearly all carcinoma cell lines studied. Apart from these glycoprotein
      clusters, a great diversity was observed between tumor cell lines derived from
      the same organ. Three bladder carcinoma cell lines had a 112-114 kD glycoprotein
      in common. Glycoprotein expression of these cell lines remained constant during 1
      yr of in vitro culture. Hence, these glycoprotein patterns seem to be useful for
      monitoring the phenotypic stability of cell lines. A sarcoma cell line was
      deficient in incorporating fucose and showed strikingly different glycoprotein
      patterns compared to the other cell lines studied. The metabolic labelling
      procedure revealed a wide phenotypic heterogeneity of the human carcinoma cell
      lines concerning glycoprotein synthesis. This method contributes another
      parameter to map the major glycoprotein species of various types of carcinomas.

PMID- 3709598
TI  - Thyroid function in women with breast cancer.
AB  - The thyroid function was evaluated in a study group of 226 breast cancer patients
      and in control groups, consisting of 125 patients with various other
      malignancies, 61 women with benign breast disease and 166 healthy blood donors.
      The mean serum concentrations of total T3 and T4 were significantly higher in the
      breast cancer group than in the controls. The mean TFI (thyroid function index),
      measured by two indirect techniques (T3RU, T4/TBG) or by direct free T4
      measurement, was also significantly higher in this group of patients than in
      controls. Individual values of TFI exceeding the upper limit of the normal range
      were related with elevated total T4 levels and not with abnormal concentrations
      of total TBG. Eight women with breast cancer (3.5%) and one patient with head and
      neck cancer were clinically hyperthyroid. No case of overt hypothyroidism was
      observed. There was no relation between thyroid function and spread of the
      disease (TNM). The control groups, including patients with other-than-breast
      cancers, did not show any significant modification of the thyroid function tests.
      In the present study, breast cancer patients, as a group, show a thyroid
      dysfunction distinct from the non-specific abnormalities (low T3 syndrome)
      frequently observed in patients with a variety of acute or chronic non-thyroidal
      illnesses.

PMID- 3709599
TI  - A phase II study of tamoxifen in ovarian cancer.
AB  - A phase II study of tamoxifen was conducted in 22 patients with stage III and IV
      ovarian cancer who had failed chemotherapy and who had evaluable disease.
      Tamoxifen was administered at a dose of 20 mg twice daily continuously until
      evidence of progression. Twenty-one patients had progression of disease within 3
      months and one patient had stable disease for 6 months. There were no objective
      responses to this treatment.

PMID- 3709600
TI  - Ploidy and proliferative characteristics of sheep epidermal squamous cell
      carcinoma determined by flow cytometric DNA analysis.
AB  - Multiple biopsies from each of 22 primary sheep epidermal squamous cell
      carcinomas were analysed by flow cytometry to determine the G0/G1 modal DNA
      content ("ploidy") and cell cycle characteristics within each tumour. Ten of 12
      tumours where aneuploidy was present demonstrated uniform intra-tumour aneuploid
      populations regardless of the site of biopsy. Increasing tumour volume (from
      stage I/II to stage III/IV lesions) was associated with increased histological
      variability and ultimate heterogeneity of G0/G1 DNA content, whilst the mean
      numbers of S phase cells decreased. These features were consistent with the
      effects of variable tissue hypoxia seen with changes in effective vascularity in
      developing tumours. Decreasing histological differentiation was associated with
      an increase in numbers of cells synthesising DNA within 44 biopsies with
      measurable S phase, and, in stage I/II biopsies, correlated with an increased
      incidence of aneuploidy.

PMID- 3709601
TI  - Pilot phase II trial of amphotericin B and CCNU in renal and colorectal
      carcinomas.

PMID- 3709602
TI  - Molecular biology of metastases: a review of recent approaches.

PMID- 3709603
TI  - Cellular immortality, clonogenicity, tumorigenicity and the metastatic phenotype.

PMID- 3709604
TI  - "Happy are they who are happy . . ." a test between two causal models of
      relationships between happiness and its correlates.
AB  - The intention of the study was to test between two causal models of relationships
      between happiness and five of its correlates (i.e., housing satisfaction,
      financial satisfaction, perceived health, locus of control, and activity level).
      In Model 1, happiness was identified as a propensity variable that is a source of
      influence on the lower order correlates. Model 2 is a traditional formulation
      whereby levels of happiness are determined by its correlates. The models were
      tested by causal modeling procedures, using 18-month longitudinal data from 408
      elderly subjects. The findings support Model 1 over Model 2 for 17/18 predictions
      that differentiated the models. The status of happiness as a trait was discussed
      with reference to: the type of items included in the happiness scale; and
      relationships with variables not included in the research.

PMID- 3709605
TI  - Priming effects and recognition memory in young and elderly adults.
AB  - The present study explores the effects of age on the priming of alternate
      homophone spellings and recognition memory. Sixteen young and sixteen elderly
      adults were given a general information test, a spelling test, and a test of
      recognition memory. By embedding the less frequently spelled member of different
      homophone units (e.g., write vs. right) in the general information questions,
      certain of the homophones were primed during this task. The effect of this
      priming was assessed through the subjects' choice of spelling for these words on
      the spelling test. Recognition memory was assessed by asking subjects to indicate
      which words from a longer list were presented during the spelling test. As found
      in prior research priming effects were observed in younger subjects; however, no
      significant priming effects occurred in the older age group. On the recognition
      test, homophones were more often correctly recognized than nonhomophones, and
      priming affected the scores of the young negatively, but had no effects, positive
      or negative, on the elderly. These results suggest possible differences in the
      underlying bases of memory loss in aged adults and amnesics.

PMID- 3709606
TI  - Effects of inescapable shock on maze performance as a function of age in mice.
AB  - The hypothesis was investigated that aged animals receiving an experimental
      treatment of inescapable shock would suffer greater deficits in swim T-maze
      performance than either their younger shocked counterparts or their age-matched
      nonshocked controls. Three age groups of male C57BL/6J mice were studied: (a)
      young-mature (8-9 mo); (b) middle-aged (15-16 mo); and (c) aged (26-27 mo). Equal
      numbers (n = 16) from each age group were assigned to either a treatment group,
      which received 3 days of inescapable shock (6 sec, 200 microA) during a 60-min
      session on a variable time schedule (VI-60 sec), or a control group, which was
      placed inside the apparatus for an equal amount of time. Beginning 24 hr after
      the last shock session, swim maze training consisted of 10 daily trials over 5
      consecutive sessions. The hypothesis was partially confirmed with respect to the
      latency to swim to the choice-point of the T-maze. Only the aged treatment group
      demonstrated significantly impaired performance. With respect to the measure of
      learning (percent correct responses) in the alternation task, inescapable shock
      significantly impaired performance; however, the effect was a weak one and there
      was no evidence of differential impairment across age.

PMID- 3709607
TI  - Isosorbide-5-mononitrate in the treatment of acute left ventricular failure
      following acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - Eleven patients with acute left ventricular failure following acute myocardial
      infarction (mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure [PCW] greater than 20 mmHg)
      were entered into an open, haemodynamic study of oral isosorbide-5-mononitrate
      (ISMN). Left ventricular failure was resistant to intravenous diuretic therapy.
      No patient received concurrent cardioactive drugs nor further diuretic therapy
      during the study period. Haemodynamic data were acquired via a flow-directed
      thermodilution catheter placed in the pulmonary artery. Baseline data were
      acquired prior to the intravenous administration of an ISMN challenge.
      Thereafter, oral ISMN (20 mg, 8 hourly) was administered over 48 h. Following
      intravenous ISMN challenge, mean PCW fell from 26.2 to 17.5 mmHg. Cardiac index
      fell from 2.4 to 2.3 l/min/m2 due to a fall in heart rate (103 to 96.8 beats/min)
      as stroke volume and blood pressure were unchanged. At 8 h following ISMN, two
      patients were withdrawn due to hypotension (systolic pressure less than 85 mmHg).
      In the remainder, PCW remained acceptable throughout 48 h (13.1 mmHg at 48 h),
      cardiac output, systemic blood pressure and heart rate showed no further
      significant change. These data suggest that ISMN is effective in the treatment of
      acute left ventricular failure following acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3709608
TI  - Intraindividual comparison of moxonidine and prazosin in hypertensive patients.
AB  - Thirty hypertensive outpatients were treated with moxonidine for 4 weeks in an
      intraindividual comparison study. After a wash-out period of at least 2 weeks the
      same patients were given prazosin for 4 weeks. The initial daily doses were 0.2
      mg moxonidine and 1 mg prazosin. The antihypertensive dose was titrated
      individually until the diastolic blood pressure (BP) fell below 95 mm Hg. Within
      3 days of dose titration, a mean dose of 0.37 mg moxonidine produced a
      significant decrease in BP from a mean of 184/100 to 155/90 mm Hg, while in
      prazosin treated patients 5 to 8 days were necessary to reduce the BP from
      180/100 to 149/89 mm Hg; the mean prazosin dose was 2.8 mg. In addition to the
      lower dose of moxonidine compared to prazosin, it was found that in 67% of
      patients moxonidine was given once daily whilst prazosin was administered three
      time daily in 73%. Within the first week of moxonidine treatment 14/30 patients
      experienced dryness of the mouth, but it was so mild that the patients did not
      want to discontinue the trial. In contrast, 3/30 patients discontinued therapy
      with prazosin because of side effects. The most frequent adverse effects of
      prazosin were orthostatic dysregulation in 6 patients, pain in the chest in 5,
      giddiness and tachycardia in 4 and nervousness in 3 patients; no patient had
      these complaints whilst on moxonidine. In intraindividual comparisons with
      moxonidine, efficacy, tolerance and the well-being of the patients were
      significantly better than when on prazosin.

PMID- 3709610
TI  - The comparative cardiovascular effects of digoxin and food alone and in
      combination in normal males.
AB  - The effects of the ingestion of food and digoxin on the cardiovascular system
      alone and in combination have been observed in eight healthy subjects. A positive
      inotropic response was seen following food (2.5 MJ) and intravenous digoxin (0.01
      mg/kg) with significant decreases in QS2Index (QS2I) pre-ejection period (PEP)
      and PEP/LVET (LVET - left ventricular ejection time). These responses were
      potentiated when food and digoxin were combined. Opposing effects of food and
      digoxin on % diastole (%D) and diastolic time were observed, food decreasing %D
      and DT while digoxin increased these variables. Both food and digoxin decreased T
      wave amplitude, and digoxin alone or in combination with food decreased QTc. The
      positive inotropic effect of a 2.5 MJ mixed meal and a loading dose of digoxin in
      healthy subjects are of similar degree, different mechanism, and are potentiated
      in combination.

PMID- 3709609
TI  - Pharmacokinetic, haemodynamic and radionuclide studies with nicardipine in
      coronary artery disease.
AB  - Pharmacokinetic, haemodynamic and radionuclide studies explored the acute
      pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic actions of nicardipine in patients with
      coronary heart disease. Nicardipine infusion resulted in dose-related reductions
      in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and an increased heart rate.
      Pharmacodynamic activity was evident between 12 and 24 min following 5 and 10 mg
      i.v. nicardipine but by 3-6 min following the higher doses of 15 and 20 mg;
      hypotensive activity persisted for up to 2 h. Post-infusion nicardipine
      concentrations declined biexponentially; however the limited data precluded
      formal compartmental analysis. Plasma clearance ranged from 5-12 ml/min/kg, and
      appeared lower than previously reported volunteer data. The haemodynamic actions
      of nicardipine (10 mg infusion over 10 min) in 6 patients undergoing diagnostic
      catheterization were reductions in systolic, diastolic and mean systemic arterial
      pressure and systemic vascular resistance index. Heart rate and stroke volume
      index increased, and there was a small but statistically significant increase in
      pulmonary artery occluded pressure. Radionuclide parameters were measured in 20
      patients with stable angina, at rest and during supine bicycle exercise, before
      and 3-5 min after nicardipine 10 mg intravenously. The left ventricular ejection
      fraction increased by 4% at rest but not during exercise. The left ventricular
      rest and exercise ejection and filling rates both increased with a concurrently
      reduced left ventricular ejection time. There was a highly significant inverse
      relationship between baseline exercise ejection fraction and the response to
      nicardipine; ejection fraction increased with low initial values but was either
      unchanged or fell with higher initial values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3709611
TI  - Biliary elimination of indomethacin in man.
AB  - The biliary elimination of indomethacin 100 mg p.o. has been investigated in
      patients with a T-tube drain after cholecystectomy, who had normal or abnormal
      liver function (Group I n = 5, and Group II n = 4, respectively). In plasma, the
      concentration maximum (Group I 9.5 +/- 1.4 mumol X l-1; Group II 19.4 +/- 3.8
      mumol X l-1) and the total clearance (Group I 1.56 +/- 0.28 ml X min-1 X kg-1,
      Group II 0.5 +/- 0.06 ml X min-1 X kg-1) were significant different in the two
      groups. The bile:plasma ratio (bpr) in Group I was 1.3 +/- 0.33 and 10.1 +/- 3.2,
      respectively, for indomethacin (In) and conjugated In. The conjugated fraction of
      In was 87.5 +/- 1.9% of the total concentration. In Group II the bpr was lower
      (0.65 +/- 0.1). In is eliminated in bile by diffusion and conjugated In by active
      secretion. In Group I 0.99 +/- 0.1 mg In and 6.1 +/- 0.7 mg conjugated In and in
      Group II 2.1 +/- 0.3 mg In (p less than 0.05) were eliminated in bile. No
      influence of In on the biliary lipids was observed or on the bile acid
      independent fraction of bile flow. It is concluded that the total plasma
      clearance of In was dependent of liver function. Conjugated In undergoes
      enterohepatic circulation.

PMID- 3709612
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of tenoxicam in patients with impaired renal function.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of tenoxicam after a single oral dose of 20 mg has been
      studied in 12 patients with various degrees of decreased renal function.
      Unchanged tenoxicam and its 5'OH-metabolite in plasma and urine were determined
      by HPLC. The mean areas under the plasma concentration-time curve (138 +/- 53
      micrograms/ml X h) and terminal half-lives in patients with impaired renal
      function did not differ from values previously reported in normal volunteers, nor
      did the peak concentration of tenoxicam. The half-life of 5'OH-tenoxicam and
      unchanged tenoxicam where the same. The urinary excretion of 5'OH-tenoxicam fell
      with decreasing renal function. Thus no dosage adjustment should be necessary and
      the usual daily dose of tenoxicam may be administered once daily also to patients
      with renal failure.

PMID- 3709613
TI  - The pharmacokinetics of tetrabenazine and its hydroxy metabolite in patients
      treated for involuntary movement disorders.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of tetrabenazine and a metabolite, hydroxytetrabenazine,
      have been investigated in seven patients being treated for involuntary movement
      disorders. Tetrabenazine had a very low oral systemic availability (mean 0.049 +/
      0.032 SD). First-pass metabolism to hydroxytetrabenazine was extensive, and the
      systemic availability for this metabolite was high (mean 0.81 +/- 0.30 SD). Since
      hydroxytetrabenazine has been reported to be as active as tetrabenazine in
      depleting brain amines, and is present at much higher plasma concentrations than
      the parent drug, it is likely that this metabolite is the more important
      therapeutic moiety.

PMID- 3709614
TI  - Alprazolam and lorazepam single and multiple-dose effects on psychomotor skills
      and sleep.
AB  - The effects of alprazolam 0.5 mg and lorazepam 2 mg on cognitive and psychomotor
      skills were assessed in twelve normal volunteer subjects in a randomised, double
      blind, crossover design. Single and multiple dose effects were monitored using a
      battery of tests comprising critical flicker fusion threshold (CFFT), choice
      reaction time (CRT), simulated car tracking, and subjective ratings of perceived
      sedation (LARS) and of sleep behaviour (LSEQ). Compared with placebo baseline
      scores, treatment with lorazepam 2 mg (both single and multiple doses) resulted
      in a widespread impairment of CRT, tracking accuracy, and CFFT. Single doses of
      alprazolam 0.5 mg reduced CFFT with respect to the placebo baseline. Single and
      multiple dose treatment with both drugs resulted in subjective reports of
      sedation, a reduction of sleep onset latency, and improved sleep quality. Only
      lorazepam 2 mg significantly disrupted the integrity of behaviour on waking from
      sleep. These results suggest important pharmacodynamic differences between the
      two drugs in the doses used.

PMID- 3709615
TI  - The effect of bromocriptine on plasma catecholamine concentrations in normal
      volunteers.
AB  - The effect of the ergot derivative bromocriptine (5 mg orally) on blood pressure
      and plasma catecholamine concentrations was explored in normal volunteers. A
      significant decrease of plasma noradrenaline was found, while dopamine and
      adrenaline concentrations did not change significantly. Systolic and diastolic
      blood pressures were significantly lowered at 150 min after administration. The
      hypotensive effect of bromocriptine seems to be mediated by a lowered release of
      noradrenaline from sympathetic nerve endings. It may be hypothesized that the
      drug stimulates presynaptic dopamine receptors located on postganglionic
      sympathetic nerves, thus inhibiting noradrenaline discharge.

PMID- 3709616
TI  - The effects of domperidone on the absorption of levodopa in normal subjects.
AB  - The effect of simultaneous oral administration of 20, 40, or 80 mg domperidone on
      the pharmacokinetics of an oral 500 mg dose of levodopa was studied in eight
      normal women. No significant differences in maximum plasma levodopa
      concentration, the time of its attainment, or the area under the plasma levodopa
      concentration versus time profile occurred. Domperidone significantly reduced the
      incidence of adverse gastrointestinal effects due to levodopa administration.

PMID- 3709617
TI  - Reduced bioavailability and effect of furosemide given with food.
AB  - 10 healthy volunteers were given 40 mg furosemide p.o. with and without
      breakfast. The meal reduced the peak level of furosemide and decreased its
      bioavailability by approximately 30%. A heavy meal given to 5 of the subjects had
      no further effect. The reduced bioavailability caused a reduction in the diuretic
      effect.

PMID- 3709618
TI  - Comparative kinetics of phenobarbital after administration of the acid and the
      propylhexedrine salt (barbexaclone).
AB  - The kinetics of phenobarbital (PB) was compared after oral administration of
      equivalent doses of the drug as the acid or the propylhexedrine salt
      (barbexaclone) to 7 normal volunteers. The absorption and elimination parameters
      were very similar. It was concluded that propylhexedrine did not affect the serum
      kinetics of PB given as barbexaclone.

PMID- 3709619
TI  - Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies following the intravenous and oral
      administration of the antiparkinsonian drug biperiden to normal subjects.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (changes in pupil size and salivary
      flow) of biperiden following a single oral and intravenous dose were investigated
      in six normal subjects. After the injection plasma concentrations declined
      biphasically, with half-times of 1.5 h for the rapid phase and 24 h for the
      terminal phase. Clearance and apparent volume of distribution were high (12 ml X
      min-1 X kg-1 and 24 l X kg-1 respectively). Absorption was rapid but the systemic
      availability was incomplete (33%), probably due to first-pass metabolism. Central
      nervous system (CNS) adverse effects and changes in pupil size were observed
      after both routes of administration while salivary flow was affected only by the
      injection.

PMID- 3709620
TI  - Single-dose quinidine treatment inhibits metoprolol oxidation in extensive
      metabolizers.

PMID- 3709621
TI  - The prophylactic use of phenytoin during iopamidol contrast studies of the
      subarachnoid space.
AB  - Contrast examinations of the subarachnoid space are associated with side effects
      including convulsions. Attention has been given to the prophylactic use of
      anticonvulsants. We describe a simple oral regimen using the established
      anticonvulsant phenytoin that can be administered to short-stay patients and that
      achieves effective serum and CSF concentrations. A preliminary account of this
      work was presented to the British Pharmacological Society in January 1984 in
      London.

PMID- 3709622
TI  - Serum level, half-life and apparent volume of distribution of doxycycline in
      geriatric patients.
AB  - The serum level, half-life and apparent volume of distribution of doxycycline
      were determined in geriatric patients. The serum level and apparent volume of
      distribution were higher than those reported for younger persons. The apparent
      volume of distribution was correlated with the serum iron and beta-globulin
      levels. The possible influence of binding of doxycycline to serum iron on its
      pharmacokinetics is discussed.

PMID- 3709623
TI  - Ceftriaxone pharmacokinetics following multiple intramuscular dosing.
AB  - The steady-state pharmacokinetics and tolerance of ceftriaxone after multiple
      i.m. doses of 0.5 and 1 g q12 h for 3.5 days were investigated in 12 healthy,
      adult volunteers. Ceftriaxone was rapidly absorbed after i.m. administration with
      mean peak times ranging from 1.3 to 1.9 h. Steady-state plasma concentrations
      were apparent after the third dose of both dosage regimens, with trough plasma
      concentrations of 24 +/- 6 and 39 +/- 8 micrograms/ml (mean +/- SD) after the 0.5
      and 1 g q12 h regimens, respectively. Multiple i.m. administrations of
      ceftriaxone did not alter its elimination half-life; however, small increases
      were observed in the plasma clearance and volume of distribution at the 1-g
      regimen. These increases were attributed to the non-linear binding of ceftriaxone
      to human plasma proteins, and are therapeutically unimportant. Ceftriaxone was
      well tolerated and serious or lasting adverse reactions were not encountered in
      the study.

PMID- 3709625
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of dezocine, a new analgesic: effect of dose and route of
      administration.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of intravenous (IV) dezocine, and bioavailability of
      intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (SQ) dezocine, were evaluated in healthy male
      volunteers. Elimination half-life following 5, 10, and 20 mg IV doses averaged
      2.6-2.8 h, and was independent of dose. Clearance decreased slightly, although
      significantly, with dose. After Deltoid IM injection, dezocine was rapidly
      absorbed (peak level: 0.6 h after dose), with bioavailability 97%. Thus dezocine
      has extensive distribution, high clearance and short half-life over a range of IV
      doses. It is rapidly and completely absorbed following IM or SQ administration.

PMID- 3709624
TI  - Comparison of single and multiple dose pharmacokinetics of theophylline using
      stable isotopes.
AB  - Theophylline, enriched with the stable isotopes 13C and 15N, was administered
      intravenously in a dose of 10 mg to 8 healthy men following single (200 mg) and
      multiple (200 mg 8-hourly for 5 days) oral dose administration of aminophylline.
      Total plasma clearance, volume of distribution, and half-time determined from the
      intravenous data were similar, demonstrating that the pharmacokinetics of
      theophylline after chronic dosing can be predicted from the pharmacokinetics of a
      single dose. With chronic oral dosing, however, the mean trough concentration was
      12% higher at 9 a.m. than at 5 p.m., the end of the dose interval (3.94 +/- 0.55
      vs. 3.50 +/- 0.45 micrograms X ml-1). The AUC following oral dosing was 25%
      higher in the multiple dose study than in the single dose study. Simulation
      analysis suggested that these results could be explained by diurnal variation in
      the clearance or absorption rate or a combination of both. Thus, the systemic
      availability of theophylline measured during a single dosage interval after
      chronic oral dosing to steady state would be overestimated in comparison with
      that measured after a single oral dose.

PMID- 3709626
TI  - Verapamil and breast-feeding.
AB  - Concentrations of verapamil and norverapamil were measured in the plasma and
      breast milk of a woman receiving 120 mg verapamil three times daily. Whilst the
      concentrations of verapamil in breast milk averaged about 64% of those in
      maternal plasma no drug could be detected in the plasma of the infant. It is
      concluded that maternal therapy with verapamil does not pose a hazard to the
      suckling infant.

PMID- 3709627
TI  - Single dose oxazepam has no effect on acetaminophen clearance or metabolism.
AB  - The metabolism of acetaminophen and oxazepam in humans is mainly dependent on the
      microsomal capacity for glucuronide conjugation. The clearance of acetaminophen
      and the formation of metabolites were evaluated in 7 patients before and during
      concomitant administration of oxazepam 30 mg. The subjects received a single 500
      mg dose of acetaminophen i.v. and concentrations in plasma were measured for 360
      minutes and in urine for 24 h in order to estimate the production of metabolites.
      The single therapeutic dose of oxazepam had no effect on the clearance of
      acetaminophen or on formation of its metabolites.

PMID- 3709628
TI  - Lipoprotein lipids and apoproteins during beta-blocker administration: comparison
      of penbutolol and atenolol.
AB  - Serum lipoprotein lipid and apoprotein concentrations were determined in 21
      hypertensive men during administration of two beta-blockers, penbutolol or
      atenolol, for 6 months preceded by a 4 week placebo period. Post-heparin plasma
      lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase activities were also measured. There was a
      trend to an increase of triglyceride and VLDL triglyceride concentrations during
      penbutolol administration, but the changes were not significant. Penbutolol also
      increased the total cholesterol by 11% at 3 months (mainly due to increase of
      VLDL cholesterol), but this effect diminished at 6 months. Atenolol did not cause
      any significant change in the total cholesterol but increased HDL cholesterol by
      7% at 1 month, the change being due to rise of the HDL3. The HDL3 accounted also
      for a significant decrease of HDL cholesterol seen in the men receiving
      penbutolol at 6 months. HDL2 cholesterol as well as the LDL/HDL2 cholesterol
      ratio remained unchanged in both groups. Neither drug consistently influenced the
      postheparin plasma lipase activities or the serum apoprotein A or B
      concentrations. In contrast to an earlier study the results suggest that the
      clinically most important HDL subfraction, the HDL2, remains unaffected during
      treatment with beta-blockers.

PMID- 3709630
TI  - Effect of carbamazepine on psychomotor performance in naive subjects.
AB  - The effect of a single dose of carbamazepine (CBZ), 10 mg kg-1, on a battery of
      simple psychomotor tests was investigated in 12 healthy subjects (6 male, 6
      female) in a balanced randomised double blind placebo controlled cross-over
      study. Psychomotor testing and blood sampling for total and free plasma CBZ, and
      CBZ 10, 11 epoxide concentration were performed at 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 34 h
      after oral dosing (23.00 h the previous evening). CBZ impaired i) critical
      flicker fusion threshold frequency at all time points up to 18 h (p less than
      0.005); ii) total choice reaction time at 10 h (p less than 0.005) and 18 h (p
      less than 0.008); iii) card sorting at 14 h (p less than 0.001). No significant
      effect on finger tapping was noted. Subjects adjudged themselves more sedated on
      CBZ as compared to placebo at 12, 14 and 16 h (p less than 0.008). Plasma total
      and free CBZ concentrations (mean +/- SD) peaked at 10 h (8.8 +/- 0.2 mg 1-1) and
      16 h (1.88 +/- 0.3 mg 1-1) after dosing respectively. CBZ 10, 11 epoxide values
      were all less than 10% of total CBZ concentrations and, therefore, were unlikely
      to contribute to the pharmacodynamic effect. Total choice reaction time was
      significantly more impaired in females (p less than 0.05) but no sex difference
      occurred with the other tests or CBZ concentrations at any time point. No
      significant correlations were found between individual total or free CBZ
      concentrations and corresponding test performances at each time point.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3709629
TI  - Enprofylline: pharmacokinetics and comparison with theophylline of acute effects
      on bronchial reactivity in normal subjects.
AB  - In a double blind, placebo controlled, crossover study the pharmacokinetics and
      acute effects of enprofylline and theophylline on airway reactivity during
      histamine challenge were investigated in 10 healthy volunteers. The
      pharmacokinetic parameters of enprofylline were (mean): elimination half-life 1.9
      h, total body clearance 191.1 ml X kg-1. h-1, volume of distribution 0.481 X kg
      1, and protein binding 49%. Bronchial reactivity in the histamine inhalation test
      was expressed as the concentration causing a 20% fall in FEV1.0 (PC20). Mean PC20
      values were lowest after placebo and highest after theophylline with the
      enprofylline values in between. Only the difference in PC20S after placebo and
      theophylline was statistically significant (p less than 0.05). At the time of
      determination of the PC20, the serum concentration of enprofylline was between
      16.5 and 11.8 mumol/l, and that of theophylline was between 78.3 and 61.1
      mumol/l. Adverse actions of enprofylline were nausea (3/10) and cardiovascular
      reactions (2/10), whereas theophylline mainly caused restlessness (3/10) and
      tremor (2/10). Thus enprofylline, in one-fifth of the serum concentration of
      theophylline cannot be regarded as equipotent in terms of bronchoprotection.

PMID- 3709631
TI  - Steady-state levels of imipramine and its metabolites: significance of dose
      dependent kinetics.
AB  - Seventeen hospitalized patients (age 39-66 years), received a loading dose of 100
      mg imipramine HCl and then 50 mg b.i.d. The 12-h plasma concentration at steady
      state varied between 40-637 nmol/l for imipramine, 49-1148 nmol/l for desipramine
      and 89-1603 nmol/l for imipramine + desipramine. Guided by plasma level
      monitoring, a final therapeutic plasma level between 548-910 nmol/l for
      imipramine + desipramine was achieved (therapeutic dose range: 50-400 mg/day).
      Mean time to reach the therapeutic level was 19 days. The mean 2-OH
      imipramine/imipramine ratio was 0.24 and mean 2-OH-desipramine/desipramine ratio
      was 0.56. There was a significant intrapatient correlation between the two
      ratios, both during 100 mg imipramine/d and at the therapeutic dose level. A low
      ratio was associated with high imipramine and particularly with a high
      desipramine level. Well defined steady state levels were established at two
      different dose levels in 12 patients and at three dose levels in 5 patients. With
      increasing dose there was a marked and disproportionate rise in the desipramine
      level and to some extent in the imipramine level. Saturation of imipramine and
      desipramine hydroxylation appeared to be responsible for the dose-dependent
      kinetics. Concomitant treatment with levomepromazine and perphenazine in one
      patient resulted in a significant rise both in imipramine and desipramine
      concentration, apparently due to inhibition of the hydroxylation. Eleven out of
      twelve endogenously depressed patients responded completely to treatment, whereas
      the response was poor in the non-endogenously depressed patients despite optimal
      drug levels.

PMID- 3709632
TI  - The effect of prednisone and hydrocortisone on the plasma protein binding of
      prednisolone in man.
AB  - The protein binding of prednisolone was studied in plasma obtained from healthy
      volunteers in the presence of added amounts of prednisone and hydrocortisone. The
      plasma protein binding was determined using in vitro equilibrium dialysis for 16
      h at 37 degrees C against isotonic Krebs-Ringer buffer using radioactive
      prednisolone. Prednisone appeared to have no effect on prednisolone binding. This
      surprising result was observed even when prednisone concentrations were more than
      35 fold greater than prednisolone concentrations. In contrast, a marked
      competition between hydrocortisone and prednisolone was observed. These binding
      data were fit using a nonlinear least squares regression computer program and the
      capacity and affinity constants for the binding of prednisolone to transcortin
      and albumin were estimated including the competition for binding sites between
      prednisolone and hydrocortisone. The results from these studies compare favorably
      with recent parameter calculations, and our previous work where differences in
      binding were noted between cushingoid and noncushingoid patients.

PMID- 3709633
TI  - The intra- and inter-subject variability of nifedipine pharmacokinetics in young
      volunteers.
AB  - Plasma concentrations of Nifedipine were measured following single oral doses of
      Nifedipine Slow Release (Adalat Retard) on three separate occasions to young,
      healthy volunteers of both sexes. Intra- and inter-subject variability were
      assessed by comparing the pharmacokinetic parameters, AUC, Cmax and T50%AUC.
      Interindividual variability was less than that observed in other studies with the
      beta-blockers, metoprolol and propranolol and there was no evidence of
      differences between the sexes.

PMID- 3709634
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of methysergide and its metabolite methylergometrine in man.
AB  - Five healthy men were given 1.0 mg methysergide maleate intravenously and 2.7 mg
      methysergide maleate orally in a cross-over study. The systemic availability of
      methysergide was only 13%, most probably due to a high degree of first-pass
      metabolism to methylergometrine. We also found evidence of extrahepatic clearance
      of methysergide. After oral administration the plasma concentrations of the
      metabolite were considerably higher than those of the parent drug and the area
      under the plasma concentration curve (AUC) for methylergometrine was more than
      ten times greater than for methysergide. Our findings may be relevant to the
      treatment of migraine if methylergometrine contributes to the effect of
      methysergide. Methylergometrine had a significantly longer elimination half-life
      than methysergide (223 +/- 43 min vs 62.0 +/- 8.3 min and 174 +/- 35 min vs 44.8
      +/- 8.1 min in the oral and intravenous studies respectively).

PMID- 3709635
TI  - The absorption of piretanide from the gastro-intestinal tract is site-dependent.
AB  - The absorption of piretanide was investigated after placing the drug in the
      stomach, duodenum and ascending colon under visual control. The relative amounts
      absorbed and the rates of absorption were estimated from the area under the curve
      and the total mean time, respectively. Similar amounts of piretanide were
      absorbed and at almost the same rate after placement in the stomach and duodenum;
      the area under the curve for the stomach was 250 ng h/ml and for the duodenum 243
      ng h/ml, the mean absorption times being 1.97 h and 1.51 h respectively. A marked
      difference was observed in the rate of from the ascending colon; the area
      amounted to 66 ng h/ml and the mean time to 3.99 h. Although area values for the
      colon were significantly different from those observed with the stomach and
      duodenum, it must be emphasised that the amount absorbed depends on the time the
      drug is in contact with the absorbing surface. There is discussion of whether the
      differences in absorption between the duodenum and colon can be explained by the
      physico-chemical properties of the drug alone, or whether the results reflect a
      saturable transport mechanism.

PMID- 3709636
TI  - Cirrhosis of the liver markedly impairs the elimination of mexiletine.
AB  - To study the effects of cirrhosis of the liver on the pharmacokinetics of
      mexiletine a single i.v. dose of 200 mg was administered to six cirrhotic
      patients and to six healthy controls. The distribution of mexiletine in both
      study groups was similar, as indicated by similar values of V1 and Vss, but it
      tended to occur more slowly in the cirrhotics. The plasma protein binding of
      mexiletine was unchanged in the patients with cirrhosis. The elimination of
      mexiletine was markedly retarded in the cirrhotics, as indicated by its lower
      total clearance (2.31 vs. 8.27 ml/kg/h,) lower total elimination rate constant
      (0.059 vs 0.353 h-1), and longer elimination half-life (28.7 vs 9.9 h). The
      antipyrine half-life was 38.3 h in the patients and 14.7 h in the controls. One
      healthy volunteer had a Morgagni-Stokes-Adams type of syncopal attack 5 min after
      administration of mexiletine due to disturbance of AV conduction induced by the
      drug. Thus, on a pharmacokinetic basis the loading dose of mexiletine need not be
      modified in cirrhotic patients, whereas the maintenance dosage should be reduced
      to one fourth - one third of the usual dose.

PMID- 3709637
TI  - Warning against poor application of statistical tests: confusing experimental
      intervention and time trends.

PMID- 3709638
TI  - Cadralazine and chlorthalidone as a second-step drug with atenolol in
      hypertensive patients: differences in blood pressure control during exercise.
AB  - The long-term efficacy of a new vasodilator, cadralazine (ISF 2469), and
      chlorthalidone have been compared in 20 hypertensive patients not adequately
      controlled by atenolol. After 4 weeks of treatment with atenolol 100 mg once
      daily, patients whose diastolic blood pressure was greater than 95 mmHg were
      randomly divided into two groups to receive in addition to atenolol, either
      cadralazine 15 mg once daily or chlorthalidone 25 mg once daily. Both treatments
      were administered for 6 months. At the end of treatment with atenolol and after 3
      and 6 months of combination therapy, blood pressure and heart rate were measured
      at rest and during bicycle exercise 24 h after the last dose. Compared to
      atenolol alone, both cadralazine and chlorthalidone caused a significant and
      similar reduction in resting blood pressure. Both groups showed an increase in
      diastolic blood pressure during exercise while receiving atenolol alone. The
      addition of chlorthalidone did not modify the pressor response to exercise,
      whereas patients taking cadralazine had a decrease in exercise diastolic blood
      pressure, which was fully evident after 6 months of therapy. The reduction in
      exercise diastolic blood pressure induced by cadralazine was proportional to the
      increase in exercise heart rate, suggesting a fall in peripheral vascular
      resistance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3709639
TI  - Acute and long-term haemodynamic effects of propranolol and indenolol in
      hypertension.
AB  - The haemodynamic effect of indenolol, a beta-adrenoceptor blocker with intrinsic
      sympathomimetic activity (ISA) in animals, has been evaluated in a double-blind
      cross-over randomized trial after acute (3 days) and long-term treatment (28
      days), in 12 hypertensive patients in comparison with that of propranolol.
      Patients were evaluated at rest and during isometric exercise (hand grip). The
      overall acute effect of both beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs was to decrease
      mean blood pressure, heart rate and cardiac output, while total peripheral
      resistance increased. In the long-term studies the haemodynamic effect of
      propranolol was still characterized by cardiodepression and unchanged peripheral
      resistance. Patients on the long-term treatment with indenolol showed normal
      cardiac output and reduced total peripheral resistance. The data are compatible
      with a relatively strong ISA of indenolol, which would be responsible for the
      haemodynamic pattern observed during chronic treatment.

PMID- 3709640
TI  - Haemodynamic effects and kinetics of concomitant intravenous disopyramide and
      atenolol in patients with ischaemic heart disease.
AB  - The haemodynamic effects of concomitant intravenous administration of
      disopyramide (Norpace) and atenolol (Tenormin) were studied in a cross-over trial
      in 7 patients with ischaemic heart disease. Following 150 mg disopyramide i.v.
      the cardiac index (CI) and stroke volume index (SVI) decreased by 14% and 26%,
      respectively and the heart rate (HR) and preejection period index (PEPI)
      increased by 13% and 19%, respectively. A decrease in CI of 14% and HR of 21%,
      respectively were noted after intravenous administration of 7.5 mg atenolol; PEPI
      increased by 10% whereas SVI remained unchanged. The cardiac Index (CI) fell by
      33% following the administration of both drugs. The effect on CI of the two drugs
      was additive. The effect of disopyramide and atenolol on HR, SVI and PEPI was not
      significantly modified by coadministration of the other drug. No change in blood
      pressure was observed after disopyramide or atenolol. A correlation (rho) of
      0.540 and 0.387 was observed between the change in PEPI and the log free and
      total serum concentrations of disopyramide, respectively. Combined intravenous
      use of the two drugs in patients with incipient or overt heart failure is not
      recommended, unless it is due to the arrhythmia to be treated.

PMID- 3709641
TI  - PY 108-068--acute effects of a single oral dose in chronic stable angina.
AB  - PY 108-068 is a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist. In a double-blind, randomised
      crossover study in 6 patients with chronic stable angina, we compared the acute
      effects of a single oral dose of placebo with 25 mg and 50 mg of PY 108-068.
      Investigations were performed on 3 mornings at weekly intervals. Resting supine
      and erect heart rate and blood pressure were measured before the dose and
      repeated 75 min later. At approximately 90 min after the dose each patient
      performed a standardised exercise test on a bicycle ergometer. The mean area
      (number of points) of ST-segment depression on 16-point precordial exercise maps
      was 13.1 with placebo, 4.5 with 25 mg of PY 108-068 and 4.3 with 50 mg of PY 108
      068 (NS). The rate-pressure product at initial ST-segment depression greater than
      1 mm was 15.6 X 10(3) with placebo, 17.8 X 10(3) with 25 mg of PY 108-068 and
      18.5 X 10(3) with 50 mg of PY 108-068. Resting supine heart rate was
      significantly faster with both 25 mg of PY 108-068 (65 beats/min) and 50 mg PY
      108-068 (67 beats/min) compared with placebo (59 beats/min). The mean reduction
      in supine blood pressure from that with placebo was 12/7 mmHg with 25 mg of PY
      108-068 and 10/8 mmHg with 50 mg of PY 108-068 (NS). These results confirm the
      modest acute antianginal efficacy of a single oral dose of PY 108-068. The
      absence of reflex tachycardia found in previous chronic oral dosing studies with
      this drug appears to take some days to develop in humans.

PMID- 3709642
TI  - Effect of sublingual isosorbide dinitrate on sputum volume and viscoelasticity in
      chronic obstructive lung disease.
AB  - The effect of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) on sputum volume and sputum
      viscoelasticity in 12 patients with chronic obstructive lung diseases (COLD) was
      investigated by the double-blind randomized cross-over method with matched
      placebo. Each patient was given either sublingual ISDN 5 mg or placebo at 9 a.m.
      and sputum was collected for 3 h before and after 9 a.m. The dynamic
      viscoelasticity of the sputum was measured using a coaxial cylinder rheometer at
      an angular frequency of 0.1 rad/s. ISDN significantly increased sputum volume,
      and it caused a significant decrease in dynamic viscosity and in dynamic
      elasticity compared to placebo. The findings suggest that ISDN might be useful as
      an expectorant in the treatment of COLD when abundant and viscous sputum is
      present.

PMID- 3709643
TI  - Isosorbide dinitrate in plasma and dialysate during haemodialysis.
AB  - In 10 patients with end stage renal disease on regular haemodialysis the plasma
      concentrations and dialyzer clearance of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) were
      determined after an oral dose of a retarded release formulation of 60 mg ISDN.
      The maximal plasma concentration of ISDN 2-7 h after oral administration was
      higher (14 ng/ml) than has been reported in healthy volunteers. The haemodialyzer
      clearance of ISDN was 92.4 ml/min at a blood flow of 200 ml/min and dialysate
      flow of 500 ml/min. During a 5-h haemodialysis an average of 0.3 mg ISDN was
      removed from the patient's circulation, representing about 0.5% of the
      administered dose and about 3% of the available drug in the circulation. No
      influence of haemodialysis on the plasma level of ISDN was found.

PMID- 3709645
TI  - Effect of terguride on prolactin levels in normal, puerperal and
      hyperprolactinaemic women.
AB  - Terguride, is an 8 - alpha - ergoline derived from lisuride, acts as a partial
      dopamine (DA) agonist. The effect and tolerance of terguride has been
      investigated by an acute administration of 0.2 mg p.o. to 8 normal women, 8
      patients with hyperprolactinaemia and 8 women with puerperal hyperprolactinaemia.
      Prolactin (PRL) levels were markedly suppressed in all subjects, with no
      significant differences between the groups. Treatment for 5 days with terguride
      0.4 mg/day or 0.8 mg/day was studied as an inhibitor of lactation. PRL levels
      were suppressed in a dose-related manner. No untoward side-effects were noted.

PMID- 3709644
TI  - Fenofibrate and colestipol: effects on serum and lipoprotein lipids and
      apolipoproteins in familial hypercholesterolaemia.
AB  - Effects on serum lipoproteins were studied in ten patients with familial
      hypercholesterolaemia (FH) during consecutive eight-week treatment periods with
      fenofibrate 0.3 g/day, fenofibrate plus colestipol, 15 g/day, and fenofibrate
      0.25 g/day plus colestipol. VLDL, LDL, HDL, HDL2, and HDL3 were isolated by
      ultracentrifugation and precipitation. Lipids and apolipoproteins A-I and B were
      determined by enzymatic and immunonephelometric techniques, respectively.
      Administration of fenofibrate alone resulted in decreases in VLDL and LDL
      cholesterol (-48% and -18%) and in serum apolipoprotein B (-10%), but in
      increases in HDL, HDL2, and HDL3 (+25%, +26%, and +24%), and in serum
      apolipoprotein A-I (+6%). Addition of colestipol produced a further reduction in
      LDL cholesterol (-31%) and in serum apolipoprotein B (-19%). The effects were
      maintained with less fenofibrate. In FH, an acceptable therapy combines the
      favourable effects of sufficient lowering of LDL and of a rise in HDL.

PMID- 3709646
TI  - Consistency of assessment of adverse drug reactions in psychiatric hospitals: a
      comparison of an algorithmic and an empirical approach.
AB  - Within an ongoing drug surveillance project (AMUP) in psychiatric hospitals, a
      comparative study was carried out to evaluate two methods commonly used in the
      field of adverse drug reaction assessment. Two raters, who have cooperated with
      the project since its inception, evaluated 80 randomly selected ADRs twice;
      first, by an empirical (implicit) approach, and second, 4 weeks later, by using
      an algorithm as proposed by Kramer et al. 1979. Agreement on medication and
      related probability ratings was obtained in 81% of all 80 cases for the empirical
      method (weighted Kappa = 0.41), and in 69% for the algorithmic method (weighted
      Kappa = 0.62), indicating that agreement exceeded chance for both methods. By
      comparison with assessments made in previous case conferences of the project,
      empirical ratings were found to be reliable over time due to homogeneous use of
      criteria by project raters. In contrast to the reports on the subject, agreement
      between raters appeared to be superior in the empirical method as compared to the
      algorithmic assessment. Analysis of disagreements suggested that probability
      ratings based on the empirical method were nonspecific, due to conventional
      criteria applied in the project. Inter-rater agreement was reduced by
      polypharmacy, especially in the case of algorithmic assessments. The consistency
      of assessment was also lowered by the fact that the 2 methods assigned different
      weights to particular assessment criteria.

PMID- 3709647
TI  - The action of cisapride on gastric emptying and the pharmacodynamics and
      pharmacokinetics of oral diazepam.
AB  - The effects of the benzamide cisapride (C) (8 mg) i.v. have been compared to
      placebo (P) in a double blind randomised study. The effects on gastric emptying,
      the absorption and effects of oral diazepam, and BP and pulse were observed.
      Cisapride increased the rate of gastric emptying of 500 ml liquid containing
      diazepam 10 mg (t 1/2 C: 7.4 min, P: 14.9 min). The initial rate of absorption of
      diazepam contained in the drink was increased by C (AUC 0-1 h C: 328 micrograms h
      l-1, P: 253 micrograms h l-1, but there was no change in overall bioavailability.
      This change in diazepam kinetics was associated with a significantly greater
      impairment in reaction time in the first 45 min after drinking but not in self
      rated sedation. Cisapride produced a significant tachycardia (e.g. after 10 min
      C: 82 beats/min, P: 69 beats/min) which probably reflects a peripheral
      vasodilator action. Cisapride may therefore alter the pharmacokinetics and
      dynamics of concurrently administered drugs.

PMID- 3709648
TI  - Blockade of the flare response to intradermal 5-hydroxytryptamine in man by MDL
      72.222, a selective antagonist at neuronal 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors.
AB  - MDL 72.222 is a potent and selective antagonist of excitatory neuronal 5
      hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors which has been shown to provide symptomatic
      benefit in migraine. In the present study, the effects of MDL 72.222 on the flare
      response to intradermal injection of 5-HT (10(-5), 4 X 10(-5) and 1.6 X 10(-4)
      mol/l) have been examined in six healthy male volunteers using a double-blind,
      placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover design. The study consisted of two
      sessions separated by at least 5 days. Comparison of within and between day
      responses to 5-HT indicated good reproducibility. Significant attenuation of the
      flare response to 5-HT, 10(-5) and 4 X 10(-5) mol/l was observed following a slow
      (4 min) i.v. injection of MDL 72.222, 20 mg. No significant change was observed
      for the 1.6 X 10(-4) mol/l dose. The investigator was able to guess with a high
      degree of accuracy the sequence of MDL 72.222 and placebo (100% correct) and the
      order of 5-HT dose administration (70% correct), providing further evidence of
      the reproducibility and sensitivity of the method. MDL 72.222 was well tolerated.
      Thus, a dose of MDL 72.222 previously shown to provide symptomatic relief in
      migraine attenuates the flare response to intradermal 5-HT in the human forearm.
      The observation strengthens the view that the beneficial effects of MDL 72.222 in
      migraine result from blockade of the sensory neuronal stimulant effects of 5-HT
      and implies a role for 5-HT in the pain production of the acute attack.

PMID- 3709649
TI  - Excretion of noscapine in human breast milk.
AB  - The excretion of noscapine in human breast milk was studied in 8 lactating women
      given a single oral dose of 100 or 150 mg after a light breakfast. Serum and milk
      samples were collected for 24 h after drug intake. Although noscapine is a weak
      base, only a small amount was excreted in the milk. The median milk/serum ratio
      was 0.29, range 0.15-0.88. The noscapine dose received by a child during a 24
      hour period, when the maternal dose is 50 mg t.i.d., was calculated to be 0.8
      (0.4-1.9) micrograms/kg (median and range).

PMID- 3709650
TI  - Effects of probenecid on enprofylline kinetics in man.
AB  - Enprofylline 1 mg/kg, a new potent antiasthmatic xanthine derivative, which is
      mainly eliminated by renal excretion, was given intravenously to 6 normal
      subjects with and without oral pretreatment with 1 g probenecid. The latter
      caused a drop in the average total body clearance of enprofylline from 21 to 9.8
      l/h, and in the average renal clearance from 17 to 8.0 l/h. The average half-life
      increased from 1.8 to 3.0 h. The volumes of distribution, Vz and Vss, both fell
      by about 25%, indicating that probenecid had restricted the distribution of
      enprofylline in the body. The plasma protein binding of enprofylline was not
      altered by probenecid. The results confirm the opinion that active tubular
      secretion accounts for a large proportion of the total elimination of
      enprofylline.

PMID- 3709651
TI  - Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone.
AB  - The dose dependency of the pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone and its influence on
      the endogenous secretion of cortisol has been studied in healthy females. The
      maximum plasma level occurred between 1.6 and 2.0 h after doses of 0.5-3.0 mg
      independent of the type of administration. AUC, distribution volume, plasma
      clearance and cmax did not increase in proportion to the dose but only by the
      factor of about 0.6-0.7 after the oral administration of 0.5-1.5 mg.
      Comparatively high values were reached after 3.0 mg i.m. This may be due to
      reduced bioavailability of the oral doses. Within the first 12 h after the
      administration of 0.5-3.0 mg, endogenous cortisol secretion was influenced
      independent of dose. However, the suppressive effect after 24 h was dose
      dependent and amounted to approximately 24% for 0.5 mg p.o., 62% for 1.5 mg p.o.
      and 90% for 3.0 mg i.m. In the case of administration every second day, the
      integral reduction within 24 h after the administration of 0.5 mg dexamethasone
      was 44 to 65% and for 1.5 mg between 59 and 62%.

PMID- 3709652
TI  - Renal excretion and pharmacokinetics of methotrexate and 7-hydroxy-methotrexate
      following a 24-h high dose infusion of methotrexate in children.
AB  - In children with lymphoid malignancies 18 courses of methotrexate (18-200 mg/kg)
      administered as a 24-h infusion were monitored. Plasma concentrations and renal
      excretion rates of methotrexate (MTX) and 7-hydroxymethotrexate (7-OHMTX) were
      determined. A low correlation was found between the administered dose of MTX and
      the body exposure to MTX or 7-OHMTX. Although 84% of the MTX eventually recovered
      from the urine was excreted during the 24 h of the infusion, the renal clearance
      of MTX was markedly lower during the time of the infusion than after it. There
      were courses with a low and others with a high renal clearance of MTX during the
      infusion, despite the same urine flow. A low MTX renal clearance was correlated
      with a high body exposure to MTX. As the same variations were also seen in the
      same patient during successive courses, pharmacokinetical characterization of
      patients appears questionable. The renal clearance of 7-OHMTX was significantly
      lower than the renal clearance of MTX, and the body exposure to 7-OHMTX ranged
      from 2-40% of the MTX body exposure. Treatment courses with a low or a high body
      exposure to 7-OHMTX were not associated with different urinary recoveries of the
      metabolite. Differences in MTX hydroxylation could not be substantiated. Because
      the concentration of 7-OHMTX is high soon after the end of an infusion, a
      specific method of MTX determination should be chosen for controlling treatment.

PMID- 3709654
TI  - Curve-fitting in pharmacokinetics--a comparison between gamma- and biexponential
      fits.
AB  - Seven sets of plasma concentration-time data were fitted to both a conventional
      biexponential equation and a gamma equation. The values of clearance (CL) and
      mean residence time (MRT) were calculated from the fitted parameters and compared
      with the values calculated by the trapezoid rule. Both the biexponential and
      gamma equations provided adequate fits to the data. The values of CL and MRT
      calculated from the biexponential fits correlated very closely with the values
      calculated by the trapezoid rule, but there were large discrepancies between the
      values calculated from the gamma fits and the trapezoid rule. The biexponential
      model appears to be less sensitive to scatter in the data.

PMID- 3709653
TI  - Differential effects of cimetidine and ranitidine on imipramine demethylation and
      desmethylimipramine hydroxylation by human liver microsomes.
AB  - The effect of cimetidine and ranitidine on the demethylation of imipramine (IMI)
      and on the hydroxylation of desmethylimipramine (DMI) was studied in microsomes
      from four human livers. Cimetidine inhibited both demethylation of IMI and 2
      hydroxylation of DMI, whilst the effect of ranitidine was not statistically
      significant. 2-hydroxylation of DMI is probably mediated by debrisoquine
      hydroxylase, a cytochrome P-450 isozyme that is monogenically controlled. The
      results suggest that cimetidine inhibits this enzyme.

PMID- 3709655
TI  - Effect of oral proguanil on human lymphocyte proliferation.
AB  - In vitro studies have indicated that the antifolates pyrimethamine [4, 6] and
      cycloguanil (the active metabolite of proguanil) suppress the proliferation of
      stimulated human lymphocytes; proguanil has no effect [2]. During the early
      growth phase of the cells, 14C-thymidine (14C-TdR) incorporation is increased by
      pyrimethamine and cycloguanil, reflecting blockage of endogenous TdR synthesis
      [3]. Proguanil (Paludrine) is increasingly being used for malaria prophylaxis. It
      is considered the most innocuous of the antimalarials currently employed. Since
      nothing is known about the effect of oral proguanil on human lymphocytes, the
      present study was undertaken. Little information is available about the serum
      levels of proguanil and cycloguanil following ingestion of prophylactic doses
      [8]. Therefore, the serum concentrations of proguanil and cycloguanil were
      estimated, to allow comparison with previous in vitro studies [2].

PMID- 3709656
TI  - Muscarine binding sites in bovine adrenal medulla.
AB  - The presence of muscarinic binding sites in the bovine adrenal medulla was
      investigated using [3H]QNB and the bovine adrenal medulla. Scatchard analysis
      combined with computer analysis yielded data consistent with a two binding site
      configuration. KDs of 0.15 and 14 nM and Bmax s of 29 and 210 fmol/mg protein,
      respectively, were observed. Displacement of [3H]QNB by various cholinergic
      agents is, in order of decreasing potency: QNB, dexetimide, atropine,
      scopolamine, imipramine, desipramine, oxotremorine, pilocarpine, acetylcholine,
      methacholine and carbachol. These results demonstrate the presence of more than
      one muscarine binding site in the bovine adrenal gland.

PMID- 3709657
TI  - The contributions of noradrenaline and ATP to the responses of the rabbit central
      ear artery to sympathetic nerve stimulation depend on the parameters of
      stimulation.
AB  - The possibility that ATP and noradrenaline act as cotransmitters from sympathetic
      perivascular nerves was studied in the isolated rabbit central ear artery.
      Electrical stimulation of the perivascular nerves for either 1 s, or continuously
      until a maximum response was reached, produced frequency-dependent contractions
      that were sensitive to tetrodotoxin and guanethidine. Contractions to continuous
      stimulation were significantly greater than those to a 1 s train of stimulation.
      Prazosin (10(-6) M) significantly reduced, but did not abolish, all neurogenic
      contractions such that contractions to both a 1 s train and to continuous
      stimulation were now of a similar magnitude. A higher concentration of prazosin
      (10(-5) M) had no additional inhibitory effect on neurogenic contractions even
      though it further significantly inhibited contractions to exogenous
      noradrenaline. The greatest resistance to alpha-adrenoceptor blockade was seen at
      low frequencies. Desensitisation of the postjunctional P2-purinoceptor by
      repeated administration of alpha, beta-methylene ATP inhibited the non-adrenergic
      neurogenic contractions and contractions to exogenous ATP, but had no effect on
      contractions to exogenous noradrenaline. It is concluded that ATP and
      noradrenaline are excitatory cotransmitters from sympathetic perivascular nerves
      innervating the rabbit central ear artery. The relative contribution of each
      compound to neurogenic contractions of the ear artery is highly dependent on the
      parameters of stimulation used. Short pulse bursts (1 s) at low frequency (2-5
      Hz) favour the prazosin-resistant (purinergic) component of the response.

PMID- 3709658
TI  - Chronic corticosterone administration in rats: behavioral and biochemical
      evidence of increased central dopaminergic activity.
AB  - Chronic corticosteroid treatment in humans in frequently complicated by
      behavioral changes. The present study suggests that chronic steroid
      administration in rats has distinct neurochemical consequences which are
      behaviorally relevant. Ten male Sprague-Dawley rats received 7 daily injections
      of corticosterone, following which they exhibited increased caudate homovanillic
      acid as well as an attenuated decline in vertical and ambulatory movement
      (functional measures of dopamine activity) compared to placebo-treated rats. A
      subgroup of steroid-treated rats which was more behaviorally responsive to
      corticosterone also showed increased caudate 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid and
      decreased prefrontal cortex dopamine and serotonin. These results are discussed
      in relation to the known behavioral side effects of chronic corticosteroid
      administration in man and the psychiatric manifestations of naturally occurring
      states of hypercortisolemia.

PMID- 3709659
TI  - Direct comparison of hallucinogenic phenethylamines and D-amphetamine on dorsal
      raphe neurons.
AB  - We compared the effects of the hallucinogens 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine
      (DOM), mescaline and the simulant D-amphetamine, applied by microiontophoresis to
      rat dorsal raphe (DR) units. DR neuron firing rate was relatively insensitive to
      DOM and unaffected by mescaline, but was clearly inhibited by D-amphetamine.
      Intravenous DOM usually inhibited, but this effect was correlated with blood
      pressure changes; i.v. D-amphetamine produced inconsistent responses. These
      results suggest that most of the effects seen on i.v. administration of
      phenethylamines are not mediated directly on the serotonergic cell.

PMID- 3709660
TI  - A study of the contractile response to acetylcholine in human ileal and detrusor
      muscle: origin of the low efficacy of acetylcholine.
AB  - In Krebs solution (3.36 mM Ca2+), the maximal contractile response of human ileal
      and urinary bladder detrusor muscle to acetylcholine (ACh) was 40-60% that to
      carbachol (CCh). The maximum response to ACh was reached at a bath concentration
      of about 1 microM and was maintained throughout a range extending to 100 microM.
      In the presence of neostigmine (0.1 microM), the maximum response to ACh reached
      the level of that of CCh. However, bioassay of bath concentrations of ACh at
      various points of the maximal response in the absence of neostigmine revealed
      only slight to insignificant diminution of the applied concentration of ACh.
      Joint application of ACh and CCh generated a dose-response profile consistent
      with a model of competitive antagonism between a full agonist (CCh) and a partial
      one (ACh). Also, choline (100 microM) reduced the maximum response to ACh in the
      presence of neostigmine and that to CCh to 60-80% of control. These observations
      are consistent with a mechanism whereby intact cholinesterase together with its
      substrate ACh and possibly a breakdown product of ACh constitute a filter or
      diffusional barrier regulating the flow of agonist from the enzyme compartment to
      the receptor compartment.

PMID- 3709661
TI  - [3H]clonidine binds at multiple high affinity states in human prefrontal cortex.
AB  - [3H]Clonidine binds at particulate membrane fractions of human prefrontal cortex
      in a process that demonstrates high affinity, saturability, reversibility, alpha
      2-adrenergic selectivity and the existence of multiple affinity states. At 37
      degrees C maximal specific [3H]clonidine binding was briefly attained at 10 and
      lasted only until 15 min, while at 21 degrees C maximal binding was maintained
      from 20 to 90 min. At 21 degrees C, rate dissociation studies and saturation
      analyses were at least biphasic, and adrenergic competitors decreased
      [3H]clonidine binding with Hill coefficients less than 0.70. Analysis of these
      data showed at least two affinity states with apparent KDs of 0.34 and 6.0 nM,
      and the order in which ligands decreased [3H]clonidine binding was clonidine
      greater than (-)-epinephrine greater than (-)-norepinephrine greater than
      yohimbine greater than (+)-norepinephrine greater than (+/-)-isoproterenol
      greater than prazosin greater than serotonin.

PMID- 3709662
TI  - Inhibitory action of furosemide on the active chloride transport of papillary
      heart muscle in rabbit.
AB  - The action of furosemide on the intracellular chloride activity, ai(Cl), of
      rabbit papillary muscle was investigated with Cl ion selective microelectrodes.
      With furosemide concentrations greater than 1 microM, ai(Cl) decreased.
      Furthermore, the decrease in ai(Cl) was larger as the furosemide concentration
      increased. Lowering the extracellular sodium concentration, [Na]o, by replacing
      Na with choline, significantly reduced the effect of furosemide on ai(Cl). The
      results provide evidence that the membrane of rabbit heart cells possess a
      furosemide sensitive chloride transport mechanism related to [Na]o.

PMID- 3709664
TI  - Interaction between naloxone and serotonin in the control of the cardiovascular
      system in hemorrhaged cats.
AB  - We investigated the mechanism for the pressor effect of intravenous
      administration of naloxone in pentobarbital-anesthetized cats. Comparisons were
      made between groups of hemorrhaged animals that received either naloxone or an
      equivalent volume of saline after 1 h of hemorrhage. Two other groups of
      hemorrhaged animals were depleted of serotonin by pretreatment with para
      chlorophenylalanine 40-48 h before the experiment. One group of serotonin
      depleted animals received naloxone after 60 min of hemorrhage and the other group
      received saline. Animals with normal brain serotonin content showed a significant
      pressor effect following naloxone when compared with animals given saline.
      Animals with reduced brain serotonin content also had a pressor response
      following naloxone administration. Serotonin-depleted animals showed an increase
      in maximum left ventricular dP/dt following naloxone administration when compared
      to serotonin-depleted animals given saline. Our data are consistent with the
      hypothesis that naloxone can exert a pressor effect in hemorrhaged cats by
      actions at central and at peripheral sites. In cats with normal serotonin values,
      the peripheral action of naloxone is predominant. In serotonin-depleted animals
      given naloxone, central and peripheral sites contribute to the pressor effect.

PMID- 3709663
TI  - CV3988 inhibits in vivo platelet aggregation induced by PAF-acether and collagen.
AB  - Platelet activating factor (PAF-acether) was shown to cause a fall in the
      circulating platelet count and blood pressure (BP) in anaesthetised rabbits.
      CV3988 caused a dose-dependent inhibition of these responses to a low dose of PAF
      acether (150 ng X kg-1). CV3988 itself was found to cause a fall in both BP and
      platelet count in vivo. Collagen (40 micrograms X kg-1) i.v. caused sudden death
      in rabbits and pretreatment with CV3988 (5 mg X kg-1) caused a 62% inhibition of
      the platelet count response to collagen without significantly increasing the
      survival rate. In the rat, collagen (40 micrograms X kg-1) was not lethal and
      CV3988 caused a dose-dependent inhibition of the fall in platelet count due to
      collagen, but this action was short-lived. CV3988 also caused agonist actions in
      the rat. These results show that CV3988 inhibits the effects of PAF-acether in
      vivo and suggests that PAF-acether may play a role in mediating collagen-induced
      platelet aggregation in vivo.

PMID- 3709665
TI  - Correlation of muscarinic receptor density and acetylcholinesterase activity in
      repeated DFP-treated rats after the termination of DFP administration.
AB  - Following chronic exposure to DFP, both AChE activity and muscarinic receptor
      density were markedly depressed in the rat striatum. The rate of recovery of AChE
      activity was 5.2% per day within 7 days, while the density of muscarinic receptor
      recovered at the rate of 1.94% per day. The correlation between 2 parameters was
      very high (R = 0.99). Thus, it is suggested that the muscarinic receptor density
      was intimately related to AChE activity.

PMID- 3709666
TI  - The effect of apomorphine and pergolide on the potassium-evoked overflow of GABA
      in rat striatum studied by microdialysis.
AB  - The extracellular GABA concentration in the rat striatum was measured by the
      microdialysis technique. Addition of pergolide (10(-4) M) to the perfusion medium
      decreased the GABA overflow induced by high K+ but apomorphine (10(-4) M) had no
      effect on the GABA overflow. When sulpiride (10(-4) M) was added to the perfusion
      medium, the pergolide effect on stimulated GABA overflow was abolished. The
      results indicate that D2-receptors are able to modulate GABA overflow in the
      striatum.

PMID- 3709667
TI  - Antagonism by some ergot derivatives of 5-HT-induced vasoconstriction.
AB  - The ability of a number of ergot derivatives to inhibit 5-hydroxytryptamine (5
      HT)-induced vasoconstriction was examined in the perfused rat mesenteric artery
      preparation. 5-HT produced an increase in perfusion pressure indicative of
      vasoconstriction. The ergot derivatives inhibited the 5-HT-induced
      vasoconstriction in a manner that was predominantly not competitive in nature. As
      5-HT2 antagonists the ergot derivatives ranged in potency from CQ 32-084 which
      abolished the 5-HT2 receptor mediated response at a concentration of 10 nM to LY
      141865 which was inactive up to a concentration of 10 microM.

PMID- 3709668
TI  - Receptor reserve at striatal dopamine autoreceptors: implications for selectivity
      of dopamine agonists.
AB  - The dose response curve for apomorphine reversal of gamma-butyrolactone (GBL)
      induced L-DOPA accumulation in rat striatum was shifted almost 6-fold to the
      right after partial irreversible blockade (83%) of dopamine (DA) autoreceptors
      with N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline (EEDQ); however, the maximal
      response was not reduced. In contrast, the major effect of a similar degree of
      irreversible blockade (86%) on the dose-response curve for the autoreceptor
      selective agent EMD 23,448 was a reduction in maximal response (60% of control),
      indicating that EMD 23,448 is a partial agonist. A large receptor reserve
      therefore exists at the DA autoreceptor, which may explain in part why many DA
      agonists are more potent in models pre- than postsynaptic receptor activation.

PMID- 3709669
TI  - The amplifier role of platelet activating factor (PAF), other chemical mediators
      and antigen in the induction of airway hyperreactivity to cold.

PMID- 3709670
TI  - [The effects of fur on the thermal regulation of mice (Mus musculus)].
AB  - In order to ascertain the thermal insulation function of fur in mice, food and
      water intakes and rectal and skin temperatures were observed in Jcl: ICR mice and
      a group of the same species with their fur clipped, as well as BALB/C nu/+ and
      nu/nu mice. Food and water intakes increased as the ambient temperature dropped.
      The rectal temperature remained almost unchanged at ambient temperatures of from
      18 to 30 degrees C. Skin temperatures were highest at side of the abdomen, lower
      at the neck, and lowest at the head. There was a tendency for skin temperatures
      to increase as the ambient temperature rose. The skin temperatures of mice with
      fur were higher than those of mice without fur. The thermal insulation of fur was
      0.25, 0.14 and -0.06 clo at 18, 22, 26 and 30 degrees C in ICR mice, and 0.36,
      0.01, 0.01 and -0.03 clo at 18, 22, 26 and 30 degrees C in BALB/C mice,
      respectively. These results confirm that heat loss from the skin at low
      temperatures could be prevented by the presence of fur. It also appeared that the
      hairless mice mutant had a lower metabolic rate than the animals with their fur
      clipped.

PMID- 3709671
TI  - Prolongation of the life of a central nervous system-deficient mouse, the reeler.
AB  - Although the reeler, an autosomal recessive mutant mouse with the abnormality of
      lamination in the central nervous system, died about 3 weeks of age when fed
      ordinary laboratory chow, this mouse could grow up normally and prolong its
      destined, short lifespan to 50 weeks and more when given assistance in taking
      paste food and water from the weaning period. Histopathological examinations of
      the brain of this mutant mouse revealed no significant age-related difference,
      suggesting that this mutation does not fundamentally obstruct the spontaneous
      growth despite the abnormality of the central nervous systems. This mutant mouse
      is advantageous for investigations on influences of the central nervous system on
      the aging process and longevity.

PMID- 3709672
TI  - [The electrocardiogram of unanesthetized cats fixed in a net].
AB  - Electrocardiograms by standard limb lead, augumented unipolar limb lead and AB
      (Apex-Base) lead were recorded from 24 unanesthetized adult cats from a SPF
      closed colony. The unanesthetized cats were held in the sternal position or in
      the right lateral recumbent position by means of a net. The mean electrical axes
      of P, QRS and T waves were calculated on the basis of values of I, II and III
      leads. The ECG patterns and mean electrical axes were compared between the
      sternal position and the right lateral recumbent position. The results are
      summarized as follows. The mean values of RR duration, P wave duration, QRS
      complex duration, T wave duration, PQ interval and QT interval were 0.432, 0.033,
      0.027, 0.101, 0.076 and 0.183 seconds, respectively. The values of duration,
      interval and amplitude were not prominently influenced by the change in posture.
      The ECG shape had a definite configuration on each lead except that leads I and a
      VL showed unstable patterns. Notches and R' waves appeared in every lead in many
      cases. There was a positive linear correlation between RR and QT duration: r =
      0.798 in the sternal position and r = 0.525 in the right lateral recumbent
      position. The angle of QRS mean electrical axis on the horizontal plane was 66.90
      degrees +/- 26.05 (SD) in the sternal position and 41.84 degrees +/- 75.23 (SD)
      in the right lateral recumbent position. The P and T mean electrical axes showed
      small variations.

PMID- 3709673
TI  - [Changes of ataxia, spontaneous movement and the cerebellar noradrenaline system
      with aging in ataxic mice].
AB  - Changes of cerebellar weight, spontaneous movement and ataxia with aging were
      investigated in Weaver and cytosine arabinoside-injected mice (Ara-C). In
      addition, changes of cerebellar NA and MHPG concentrations in both mice were
      measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Cerebellar weight increased
      with aging in both mice. Spontaneous movements in Weaver mice were not
      significantly changed, but Ara-C mice showed a decreasing tendency with aging.
      Ataxic gait improved with aging in Weaver mice, but not in Ara-C mice. With
      aging, cerebellar NA and MHPG concentrations were decreased in controls, but not
      in Ara-C mice. In Weaver mice, cerebellar MHPG concentration was decreased. These
      results suggest that NA turnover in ataxic mice is different from that in
      controls, but is not correlated closely with ataxia.

PMID- 3709674
TI  - [Histological study on the arterial wall of Gottingen miniature swine].
AB  - In order to clarify the histological aspects of arterial walls of miniature
      swine, 41 arterial segments removed from each of 17 Gottingen miniature
      swines/csk at 6-12 months after birth were examined by light microscopy. Every
      segment was classified into three types--elastic, transitional, and muscular-
      according to its histological architecture. Each type was identified on the basis
      of relative volume and disposition of elastic tissues, collagenous fibers, and
      smooth muscles in three coats, Tunica intima, Tunica media, Tunica externa. The
      distribution of each type was demonstrated in a transition from the elastic to
      the muscular type. The transitional type was designated as a representative type
      of artery in transitional regions between elastic and muscular types and had some
      characteristic structures like a mixture of both of them. This type also had
      longer regions in the back district with the heart as the starting point, such as
      the Aorta abdominalis, than that of the front. Every artery belonging to the
      three types had some different structures at different levels, respectively. It
      was supposed that the histological arrangement of tissues in the walls of a
      vessel from various parts of the arterial tree would respond properly to the
      functional demand.

PMID- 3709675
TI  - [Gottingen miniature swine as a model for diet-induced atherosclerosis].
AB  - Twenty-four Gottingen Miniature Swine/csk, in order to evaluate their potential
      usefulness as a model for experimental atherosclerosis studies, were fed diets of
      three types, a high-fat plus high cholesterol diet, a high-fat diet, and a
      commercial diet. Each group consisted of 4 males and 4 females. Swine fed the
      experimental diet were investigated by gross, microscopic and serum biochemical
      examination on the 1st, 3rd, 6th and 9th month after start of experimentation.
      Lesions of atherosclerosis were observed in the high-fat plus high-cholesterol
      diet group. After a month on the experimental diet, intimal thickening was
      detected in the abdominal aorta just above the origin of internal iliac artery,
      left coronary artery and ascending aorta by microscopic examination. Thereafter,
      on the 9th month after the start, there was more extensive and severe
      atherosclerosis. These lesions were classified into two types by the difference
      in the histologic architecture of arterial wall. One was fatty streaks that were
      in thoracic aorta belonging to the elastic type and the other was fibrous plaques
      that were in abdominal aorta and iliac artery and so on, belong to the
      transitional or muscular type. High-fat plus high-cholesterol diet feeding led to
      elevated serum cholesterol and beta-lipoprotein levels, and had an effect on
      several kinds of metabolism. All of the swine fed high-fat or commercial diet had
      little gross, microscopic lesions and had no change in serum cholesterol and beta
      lipoprotein levels. Hypercholesterolemia and hyper-beta-lipoproteinemia had a
      close relation to the development and acceleration of atherosclerosis. It was
      possible to show that the diet induced atherosclerosis was similar in quality to
      that observed in humans, and that the Gottingen miniature swine was a suitable
      animal for the study of atherosclerosis.

PMID- 3709676
TI  - Serum constituents of Suncus murinus.
AB  - Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture from nine-week-old suncus, mice
      and rats those had been fasted for 16 hours, and the serum was assayed for the
      levels of corticosterone, cortisol, and other constituents. The following results
      were obtained: The serum levels of corticosterone and cortisol and
      corticosterone/cortisol ratio of suncus were about the same as those of human.
      The SGPT, gamma-GT, ALP, LDH, Ca and K values in suncus were all within the
      normal range of the respective values in human. SGOT, amylase, BUN, Na, Cl, Fe
      and inorganic phosphate values were higher, and total cholesterol, triglyceride,
      phospholipid, creatinine, urea, total protein, albumin and bilirubin levels were
      lower in suncus than the respective normal values in human. The values of SGOT,
      amylase, ZTT, and K were higher in female than in male suncus, while the values
      of gamma-GT and ALP were higher in the male. Feeding the animals individually in
      the individual cages for a week increased the values of direct bilirubin, total
      cholesterol, ZTT, Na, K and Cl and lowered the value of urea. The values of SGPT,
      ALP and triglyceride of suncus obtained in 1984 were higher, the value of albumin
      was lower, than the respective values obtained in 1983. The value of
      cholinesterase in suncus was very small.

PMID- 3709677
TI  - Pathology of renal secondary hyperparathyroidism in mice.
AB  - Typical renal secondary hyperparathyroidism was observed in 19 specific pathogen
      free ICR mice. The renal lesions were severe amyloidosis and glomerulonephritis.
      The bone lesion, osteodystrophia fibrosa, consisted of both resorptive and
      reparative processes. The parathyroid glands were enlarged and there was
      hyperplasia of the chief cells.

PMID- 3709678
TI  - Sequential X-chromosome reactivation and inactivation in cell hybrids between
      murine embryonal carcinoma cells and female rat thymocytes.
AB  - By means of a 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and an acridine orange
      fluorescence staining method together with [3H]thymidine ([3H]TdR)
      autoradiography, we studied the chronology of X-chromosome replication in newly
      formed cell hybrids between the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT)
      deficient OTF9-63 murine embryonal carcinoma (EC) cell with 43 +/- chromosomes
      and the female rat thymocyte having 42 chromosomes. Most near-tetraploid hybrid
      cells retained all chromosomes from both parents including one mouse X (XM) and
      two rat X (XR) chromosomes throughout the period of this study. Data showing
      changes in the chronology of X-chromosome replication obtained here were
      indicative of reactivation of the inactive X chromosome from the rat thymocyte,
      and de novo X-inactivation of one or two chromosomes. The extinction of
      lymphocyte phenotypes from the hybrids and their subsequent differentiation to
      the cell type resembling endoderm found in the peri-implantation mouse embryo
      apparently occurred in parallel with the above changes. These hybrids also showed
      an interesting possibility of preferential reinactivation of the reactivated XR
      chromosome in the early stages after cell fusion.

PMID- 3709679
TI  - Identification of a distinct 9S form of soluble clathrin in cultured cells and
      tissues.
AB  - We have used a monoclonal antibody (CHC5.9) to identify clathrin (Mr 180,000;
      'heavy chain') in coated vesicles, triskelion structures prepared in vitro and in
      high-speed supernatants (HSS) of cell homogenates from a variety of tissues and
      species (e.g., brain and liver from rat, cow and man; Xenopus ovaries). HSS
      proteins were subjected to sucrose density gradient centrifugation and gel
      filtration, and the fractions obtained were assayed for clathrin by enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE),
      followed by immunoblotting. The native soluble clathrin identified in such
      fractions was indistinguishable from triskelions produced in vitro from purified
      bovine brain clathrin by several criteria, e.g. by its sedimentation coefficient
      (9S) and elution profile on gel filtration using Sephacryl S 300. No other major
      forms of soluble clathrin were detected. The results indicate that cells contain
      a soluble pool of clathrin and that the predominant molecular form of this
      soluble clathrin has properties similar to those of the triskelion obtained by
      dissociation studies in vitro. We hypothesize that this distinct 9S form
      represents a major oligomeric subunit involved in assembly and disassembly of
      clathrin polyhedron coats in the living cell.

PMID- 3709681
TI  - The increases in the rates of synthesis of ribosomal proteins and ribosomal RNA
      during refeeding of starved Tetrahymena cells are not dependent on DNA
      replication.
AB  - We have analysed the effects of an inhibition of DNA replication by hydroxyurea
      on the synthesis of ribosomal proteins (r-proteins) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in
      Tetrahymena cells resuming growth after long-term starvation. The coordinate
      regulation of the synthesis of individual r-proteins and their increased rate of
      synthesis during refeeding are not impaired by inhibition of DNA replication.
      Moreover, the presence of hydroxyurea does not prevent an increase in the rate of
      synthesis of rRNA around 70-80 min after refeeding. Previously, this increase was
      claimed to be gene dose-dependent. Up to 180 min after refeeding, the synthesis
      of r-proteins appears to be closely coupled with that of rRNA and proceed in
      stoichiometric balance, irrespective of whether hydroxyurea is present or not.
      After 180 min of refeeding in the presence of hydroxyurea, this stoichiometric
      balance breaks down, and the rate of synthesis of r-proteins clearly exceeds that
      of the rRNA synthesis.

PMID- 3709680
TI  - Effects of colchicine on cardiac cell function indicate possible role for
      membrane surface tubulin.
AB  - The effects of the tubulin-binding drug colchicine on cultured neonate cardiac
      cell function were investigated. Application of low doses of colchicine (but not
      lumicolchicine) caused an early reversible increase in beating rate with a
      concomitant decrease in amplitude. Treatment of the cells with trypsin at a dose
      that removes surface tubulin but does not inhibit spontaneous beating, diminished
      the colchicine effect. Surface radio-iodination of the live cultures followed by
      two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and radioautography revealed that two spots
      were heavily labeled. These spots co-migrated with purified brain tubulin.
      Fibroblasts derived from the cardiac cultures did not label over the tubulin
      spots. Trypsin treatment removed the presumptive tubulin from the radioautographs
      but only removed the most basic portion of the alpha-tubulin spot from the
      stained gel. These results are consistent with a surface membrane role for an iso
      form of tubulin in neonate cardiac cells.

PMID- 3709683
TI  - Phosphorylation of class I HLA antigens in U-937 monocyte-like cells. Role of
      protein kinase C.
AB  - Phorbol esters and 1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol induce an increase in
      phosphorylation of a series of 44-kD proteins in the U-937 human monocyte-like
      cell line. The phenomenon is rapid at 37 degrees C, starting 0.5 min after adding
      the inducer, increasing to a maximum of 5-10 min and decreasing to the basal
      level at 30 min. It is also observed at 4 degrees C, though much more slowly.
      Immunoprecipitation and two-dimensional electrophoresis demonstrated that these
      phosphorylated proteins belong to the class I HLA antigens.

PMID- 3709682
TI  - Pinocytosis in Dictyostelium discoideum cells. A possible implication of
      cytoskeletal actin for pinocytotic activity.
AB  - Pinocytosis in Dictyostelium discoideum axenic strain (Ax-2) cells in the growth
      phase is progressively inhibited at higher Ca2+ concentrations, the activity
      being maximal at submicromolar Ca2+ concentrations. The cytoskeletal actin
      content is also markedly reduced in the presence of 10 mM EGTA. This was
      confirmed by electronmicroscopy using intact cells and Triton X-100-insoluble
      cell cortices. Interestingly, the pinocytotic activity seemed to be somewhat
      increased in response to cytochalasin B (CB). Aggregation-competent Ax-2 cells
      which are usually devoid of pinocytotic activity can resume their activity
      considerably following treatment with 10 mM EGTA. Under these conditions,
      cytoskeletal actin declines markedly, as also was the case for growing Ax-2
      cells. Our findings indicate a correlation between the pinocytotic activity and
      presence of cytoskeletal actin: reduced amounts of actin in the cell cortex seem
      to favour pinocytosis. Conceivably, membrane-associated actin filaments may
      function as a powerful anchor, restricting the flexibility of the cell membrane
      and thereby inhibiting the pinosome formation. Other properties of pinocytosis
      like a developmental change as well as the effects of pH and temperature are also
      described and were compared with the properties of wild-type strain, NC-4.

PMID- 3709684
TI  - Post-meiotic DNA synthesis in nocodazole-blocked nuclei during conjugation of
      Tetrahymena thermophila. Induction of polyploidy in the micronucleus.
AB  - The formation of single, polyploid micronuclei was induced during conjugation of
      Tetrahymena thermophila with Nocodazole (ND) according to Kaczanowski et al. The
      increase in DNA content in these nuclei was measured cytophotometrically in
      conjugating pairs continuously exposed to the drug. ND-treated micronuclei
      ('restitution nuclei') undergo two complete rounds of DNA replication and enter
      the third at the time of pair separation. The DNA content of these micronuclei in
      late pairs was in the range 16-30C (mean 20C). This amount was similar to the sum
      of the DNA content of all post-meiotic products during normal conjugation at
      about the same stage. Thus the increase in DNA content in 'restitution' nuclei
      reflects some intrinsic ability of nuclei in pairing cells to replicate DNA
      independently of nuclear division.

PMID- 3709685
TI  - The relative intranuclear positions of Barr bodies in XXX non-transformed human
      fibroblasts.
AB  - The extent to which chromosomes exist in an ordered three-dimensional arrangement
      within the interphase nucleus remains unknown. As a means of tackling this issue
      we have developed simple statistical methods to test whether the positions of any
      intranuclear markers are mutually correlated. Applying these methods to non
      transformed XXX human fibroblasts as a test case, we have examined the relative
      nuclear locations of the two Barr bodies in 2C cells of this type. Our results
      show that while individual Barr bodies have a highly non-random intranuclear
      distribution, segregating preferentially at the nuclear periphery in a plane
      parallel to the plane of cell growth (i.e., the substrate surface) and bisecting
      the nucleus, no evidence was found of any significant correlation between the
      positions of the two Barr bodies within a given nucleus.

PMID- 3709686
TI  - Adaptive response of cultured fibroblasts to hyperosmolarity.
AB  - Raising to 0.4 osM the osmolarity of the medium in which chick embryo fibroblasts
      are incubated quickly increases the internal Na+ concentration, inhibits protein
      synthesis and also stimulates amino acid transport. On extending the incubation
      time, cells appear to adapt to the altered environment, as the Na+ content
      declines toward control values within few hours. Protein synthesis resumes its
      normal rate within 12-14 h of treatment. Experimental alteration of the
      monovalent cation content by substituting extracellular Na+ with other osmolites
      or by using ouabain or the ionophore monensin reveals an impairment of protein
      synthesis. Analysis by SDS-PAGE reveals an alteration of the polypeptide pattern
      expressed by hyperosmolarity-exposed cells, resulting in an enhanced synthesis of
      the 87, 75 and 53 kD proteins and inhibition of a 125 kD band. The previously
      increased amino acid transport activity also reverts to its normal level, but
      only after 40-50 h of incubation. The growth rate of these cells does not appear
      to be significantly affected during the first 3 days of the hyperosmolar
      treatment. Results presented in this publication identify the alteration of the
      protein synthesis rate, the change in the intracellular cation content and the
      increase in amino acid transport activity as plausible parameters of adaptive
      response, and suggest that the modulation of gene expression observed in cells
      exposed continuously to hyperosmolarity may be a consequence of the alteration of
      the intracellular monovalent cation concentration.

PMID- 3709687
TI  - A second growth state for Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
AB  - The kinetics of volume increase in individual cells of Schizosaccharomyces pombe
      were determined by phase microscopy at osmolalities lower than those reported in
      the literature. At the highest osmolality, 550 mmol/kg, all cells followed a
      biphasic pattern of growth, in which cell volumes increased to their maximum
      values approximately four-fifths of the way through the growth cycle. At lower
      osmolalities (400-420 mmol/kg), many or most of the cells followed a different
      growth pattern, with a linear increase in cell volume throughout the cycle. The
      following evidence indicates that a different regulatory mechanism is responsible
      for the linear growth pattern: (1) Regulation of cell length and diameter
      differed for the two cases. During biphasic growth, cell length also increased
      biphasically and cell diameters remained essentially constant during the cycle,
      whereas during linear growth, both cell length and diameter increased linearly
      until formation of the cell plate very late in cycle. (2) The two different
      growth states were observed for cells growing on two very different kinds of
      medium. (3) Frequency distributions of the two growth patterns showed that there
      were two distinct groups of growing cells, with and without a cell volume
      plateau; these results rule out a single growth state in which plateaus are
      graded from large to infinitesimally small. (4) Linear regressions fitted to the
      data for linear growth did not differ significantly from the theoretical model
      for linear growth without a terminal plateau. These results reveal the operation
      of a second regulatory system for cell growth in S. pombe at osmolalities closer
      to those in liquid medium. The occurrence of transitions between the two growth
      states in successive generations and the agreement between several growth
      parameters for the two modes suggest that the growth states are closely related.

PMID- 3709688
TI  - Effect of increase in ploidy on the activation of nucleolar organizer regions in
      Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells.
AB  - The effect of increased ploidy on the activation of specific nucleolar organizer
      regions (NORs) was examined by comparing the distribution and frequency of active
      NORs in pseudodiploid Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells with a quasi-tetraploid
      hybrid line. Active NORs were identified on both unrearranged chromosomes and
      isochromosomes of the Z group by silver staining. The increase in cell ploidy in
      the hybrid did not result in the complete inactivation of specific NORs or the
      activation of a previously silent NOR. However, for several chromosome pairs
      identified as carrying NORs, apparent translocations and deletions which produced
      the karyotype of the pseudodiploid cells deleted or inactivated the NOR of one
      member of a homologous pair. When two copies of such chromosomes were present in
      the quasi-tetraploid hybrid line, the activity of their NORs showed apparent
      coordination. Furthermore, the frequency of activity of individual NORs in two
      CHO lines and in a quasi-tetraploid hybrid line suggests that active NORs are not
      inherited directly.

PMID- 3709689
TI  - Effects of increased cell mass and altered gene dosage on the timing of
      initiation of macronuclear DNA synthesis in Paramecium tetraurelia. Implications
      for cell cycle regulation.
AB  - In Paramecium, cell mass and macronuclear DNA content can vary substantially, and
      both variables affect the timing of initiation of macronuclear DNA synthesis.
      Cells normally begin macronuclear DNA synthesis at 0.25 in the cell cycle when
      the mean cell mass is about 119% of the initial value. Gene mutations were used
      to alter cell size by temporarily blocking cell cycle progression and to change
      DNA content by altering the segregation pattern of macronuclear material to
      daughter nuclei at fission. Changes in cell mass or macronuclear DNA content
      imposed at fission or in the subsequent G1 interval do not affect the timing of
      initiation of DNA synthesis in that cell cycle, but do affect the timing of
      initiation of DNA synthesis in the subsequent cell cycle. The progeny of cells
      with lower than average macronuclear DNA content tend to initiate DNA synthesis
      earlier than other cells. The G1 interval is proportionally shortened when
      initial cell mass is greater than normal, and no measurable G1 interval is
      present when initial cell mass equals or exceeds the normal cell mass present at
      initiation of DNA synthesis. These results suggest that the timing of initiation
      of DNA synthesis is established during the preceding cell cycle and that the
      'timer' mechanism is not significantly affected by either drastic changes in gene
      dosage or gene concentration during the G1 interval.

PMID- 3709690
TI  - Cell surface glycoproteins of CHO cells. I. Internalization and rapid recycling.
AB  - The major cell surface proteins of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells have been
      investigated after reacting cells at 4 degrees C with the membrane-impermeant
      reagent, trinitrobenzenesulfonate (TNBS). Immunoprecipitation and subsequent two
      dimensional, sodium-dodecyl sulfate, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS
      PAGE) of proteins from derivatized cells that had been labelled previously with
      [3H]D-glucosamine or [3H]L-leucine showed that TNBS reacted with most of the high
      molecular weight (HMW) acidic glycoproteins that became labelled with iodine by
      the lactoperoxidase technique and that bind the lectin, wheat germ agglutinin
      (WGA). After warming the cells to allow endocytosis to proceed, molecules
      haptenized with trinitrophenol (TNP) groups were followed radiochemically by
      means of [125I]anti-DNP antibodies. The half-life for internalization of proteins
      tagged with either [125I]anti-DNP IgG or Fab averaged about 5 min. A similar
      result was obtained when a monoclonal antibody directed against a single plasma
      membrane glycoprotein was used, or when the rate of surface loss of TNP groups
      unoccupied by antibodies was measured. Within 15 min at 37 degrees C, a steady
      state between surface and cytoplasmic label was reached, with about 65% of the
      hapten located internally. Recycling of internalized TNP groups back to the cell
      surface also occurred rapidly (t 1/2 approximately 5 min). Most of the
      intracellular radioactivity was associated with a membrane fraction of density
      similar to that of the plasma membrane. Over a 4-h period, there was no
      significant entry of labeled molecules into lysosomes. By contrast, the fluid
      phase marker, horseradish peroxidase, became associated with the lysosomes within
      1 h. Our results are consistent with the view that the majority of plasma
      membrane glycoproteins are continuously being internalized and recycled at a high
      rate.

PMID- 3709691
TI  - Cell surface glycoproteins of CHO cells. II. Surface distribution and pathway of
      internalization.
AB  - The surface distribution and pathway for internalization of the major cell
      surface proteins of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells have been investigated
      after reacting cells at 4 degrees C with the membrane-impermeant reagent
      trinitrobenzenesulfonate. Molecules, haptenized with trinitrophenol groups, the
      majority of which are in a group of high molecular weight acidic glycoproteins
      (HMWAG), were labelled at 4 degrees C with anti-dinitrophenol immunoglobulins
      coupled to fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), horseradish peroxidase, or
      colloidal gold and either immediately fixed for mapping their distribution or
      followed intracellularly after warming to allow endocytosis to proceed. The
      distribution of label on the CHO cell surface was non-random with a large
      proportion arranged in clusters from 100 to 300 nm in diameter. Antibody label
      was concentrated heavily on microvilli, and about 10% of the molecules were
      always associated with clathrin-coated pits. Upon warming the cells to 37 degrees
      C, HMWAG were internalized immediately into smooth-membraned tubules (less than
      80 nm luminal diameter) that appeared to connect with vesicles (less than 300 nm
      luminal diameter) located in the cortical cytoplasm. By 60 min, labelled antibody
      was located within larger vesicles (greater than 300 nm luminal diameter) that
      had a morphology characteristic of multivesicular bodies and not lysosomes. There
      was no evidence for entry of labelled molecules into either electron-dense,
      secondary lysosomes or into the Golgi cisternae, suggesting that neither
      compartment is involved in the major pathway of cell surface endocytosis. Our
      results are consistent with the view that the majority of plasma membrane protein
      are internalized as small discrete domains by a pathway very similar to that
      described by others for adsorptive endocytosis.

PMID- 3709692
TI  - A protective role for ascorbic acid during inflammatory episodes in the eye.
AB  - During an experimentally induced inflammatory response in the rabbit eye, the
      decrease in the ascorbic acid concentration within the aqueous humor
      corresponded, in large part, to the infiltration of leukocytes into this ocular
      fluid. Additional in vitro studies demonstrated that activated leukocytes reacted
      with ascorbic acid, diminishing the concentration of this vitamin in the
      surrounding medium. We suggest that the very high concentrations of ascorbic acid
      found in the aqueous humor of a number of species affords extracellular
      protection for the ocular tissues against oxygen radicals and metabolites
      released by infiltrating leukocytes during ocular inflammation.

PMID- 3709693
TI  - Worm antigen-induced ocular anaphylaxis in rats infected with Nippostrongylus
      brasiliensis.
AB  - A model of topically induced conjunctival anaphylaxis has been developed. Male
      Sprague-Dawley rats were immunized by infection with 3000 Nippostrongylus
      brasiliensis larvae and challenged topically on the eye 4 weeks later.
      Application of worm antigen alone did not induce clinical (conjunctival edema) or
      histologic (mast-cell degranulation) signs of anaphylaxis. Topical challenge with
      antigen 15 min after topical application of dithiothreitol (DTT), a mucolytic
      agent, elicited conjunctival edema and mast-cell degranulation within the first
      hour after challenge. At 6 and 24 hr, no clinical change was evident and
      conjunctival mast cells had again become granulated. At none of the three
      intervals (1, 6 and 24 hr) was there a significant increase in neutrophils,
      lymphocytes, eosinophils or macrophages in tissues from DTT-pretreated, antigen
      eyes. The present model of ocular anaphylaxis resembles the ocular component of
      human hay fever in that sensitization prior to challenge is essential, the
      antigen is presented topically to the ocular tissues, conjunctival edema is the
      clinical manifestation and mast cell degranulation characterizes the histologic
      changes.

PMID- 3709694
TI  - Quantitative analysis of tight junctions during ciliary epithelium development.
AB  - The tight junctions of the ciliary epithelium constitute the main morphological
      counterpart of the blood-aqueous barrier. Although well-known in the adult, they
      have only been poorly studied during the morphogenesis of the ciliary processes.
      We thus analysed them during this period in order to detect whether any changes
      appear in their general pattern. In the rat, results show that during ciliary
      body development, the junctional depth and the number of superimposed junctional
      fibrils decrease, the P-face intramembranous particle density within and outside
      the junctional domains increase, and particular structures, namely the 'complex
      strands', are numerous at the early stages and become rare in the adult. Thus,
      the tight junctions appear as non-stable structures during ciliary-body
      development and these modifications in their morphology may correspond to changes
      in barrier properties during the development of this tissue.

PMID- 3709695
TI  - The effect of ultraviolet, visible and infrared radiation on the rabbit blood
      aqueous barrier.
AB  - We studied the effects of visible (400-750 nm), infrared (750-1100 nm), and
      ultraviolet (300-400 nm) radiation on the breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier
      (BAB) in albino rabbit eyes using fluorophotometry and fluorescein-bound albumin.
      There was no evidence of BAB breakdown following exposure to visible (158 J cm-2)
      or infrared (106 J cm-2) radiation. Fluorescence was detected in the anterior
      chamber 15 min following ultraviolet (UV) (300-400 nm; 37 J cm-2 and 73 J cm-2)
      and ultraviolet-A (UV-A) (320-400 nm; 45 J cm-2 and 90 J cm-2) irradiation. This
      fluorescence peaked at 2 hr after irradiation. Reestablishment of the BAB,
      indicated by no detectable fluorescence, occurred in all animals after 24 hr.
      There was a significant increase in fluorescence with increasing UV-irradiation
      dosage in all groups (P less than 0.05). Comparison of BAB breakdown following
      exposure to ultraviolet 320-400 nm and 300-400 nm in the same dosage (45 J cm-2)
      indicated that the inclusion of shorter wavelength UV exposure produced a
      significantly higher degree of BAB breakdown (P less than 0.001).

PMID- 3709696
TI  - Permeability of rod outer segment disk membranes as probed by Ficoll density
      gradient centrifugation and by turbidimetry.
AB  - Osmotic volume changes of isolated disks prepared from bovine rod outer segments
      were investigated utilizing the capacity of osmotically intact disks to float on
      2.5% (w/v) Ficoll under hypotonic conditions. The amount of floating disks
      decreases steadily and approximately linearly when the osmolarity is increased
      stepwise with an osmotically active solute. The slope of the decrease becomes
      smaller for partially permeable substances and no decrease in observed for fully
      permeable solutes. All ions assayed by this method as well as sucrose were
      osmotically fully active to disk membranes. The buffer molecules Tris and
      imidazole partially penetrated the disk membranes at pH 7, whereas the
      zwitterionic buffer Hepes was impermeable. Ethanol showed absolutely no osmotic
      activity to disk membranes and, therefore, can easily penetrate these membranes.
      concurrent turbidimetric measurements and, therefore, can easily penetrate these
      membranes. Concurrent turbidimetric measurements confirmed these results. Upon
      prolonged exposure of disk membranes to 5% (w/v) Ficoll, a considerable
      modification of the osmotic properties of disk membranes is observed, indicating
      a significant interaction of 5% (w/v) Ficoll with disk membranes. No influence of
      2.5% (w/v) Ficoll on the osmotic properties of disk membranes was detected. The
      restriction of the use of Ficoll for disk membrane preparative purposes will be
      discussed.

PMID- 3709697
TI  - A concentration of fucosylated glycoconjugates at the base of cone outer
      segments: quantitative electron microscope autoradiography.
AB  - Rod photoreceptors show a discrete band of labeled molecules at the outer segment
      base shortly after the administration of radioactive protein precursors (Young,
      1967). The band signifies the insertion of radiolabeled protein, primarily opsin,
      into rod disc membrane (Basinger, Bok and Hall, 1976). In contrast, the
      autoradiographic labeling pattern in cones is characteristically diffuse (Young,
      1971), although cones as well as rods are now thought to replace their disc
      membranes continually (Anderson, Fisher, and Steinberg, 1978). Using grain count
      analysis in conjunction with electron microscope autoradiography, we demonstrate
      for the first time that the initial cone outer segment (COS) labeling pattern in
      the retinas of cone-dominant rodents is not random or diffuse after intraocular
      injection of [3H]-fucose--a specific glycoprotein precursor. Thirty minutes after
      [3H]-fucose injection, the Golgi complex is heavily labeled in both rods and
      cones. At 1.5 hr, labeling first appears in the periciliary region and in the
      basal portion of the COS. We detected a basal concentration of fucosylated
      molecules up to 12 hr after injection; thereafter, we found no differential
      distribution of labeled product molecules in COS. In rods, we observed no band of
      labeled protein at any of the time points sampled. The low level of labeling in
      rods is uniformly distributed between the basal and apical portion of the outer
      segments. Although the identity of the fucosylated material remains unknown, the
      early labeling of the Golgi complex--followed by labeling over the periciliary
      region and the basal portion of the outer segment--suggests that newly
      synthesized membrane protein is transported from sites of synthesis in the inner
      segment and inserted into disc membrane at the COS base. However, in contrast to
      rods, the protein is apparently capable of diffusing longitudinally throughout
      the interconnected membrane network.

PMID- 3709698
TI  - A pharmacologically potent natural product in the bovine retina.

PMID- 3709699
TI  - A note of caution to those who add reduced glutathione (GSH) to incubation media.

PMID- 3709700
TI  - Evidence of cell loss from the rat retina during senescence.
AB  - In order to determine whether neuronal cell death in the retina accompanies
      senescence, retinas from pigmented ACI rats of various ages were analysed for
      changes in dimensions, cell densities, DNA content, and rhodopsin levels. Between
      the ages of 4 and 30 months, there were significant declines in the densities of
      nuclei in all three nuclear layers of the retina. Over this age span, nuclear
      density in the outer nuclear layer (ONL) declined by 32-41%, depending on the
      region of the retina examined, while inner nuclear layer (INL) nuclear density
      decreased by 25-34%. Over the same age range, the nuclear density in the ganglion
      cell layer (GCL) declined by 25-28%. The eye increased in size over the 4-30
      month age span, particularly between 4 and 12 months. The retinal stretching that
      resulted from this growth could only partially account for the age-related
      decline in retinal cell densities. Depending on the region of the retina
      examined, decreases in nuclear density of 17-26% for the ONL, 9-17% for the INL,
      and 16-20% for the GCL were apparently due to cell death. Measurements of retinal
      DNA content support the conclusion that significant cell loss from the retina
      occurs during senescence; between 4 and 30 months of age retinal DNA content
      decreased by about 13%. Age-related changes in retinal rhodopsin content did not
      parallel apparent changes in photoreceptor number. Between 4 and 11 months of
      age, rhodopsin levels rose by about 10%, and then remained constant up to 26
      months. Over this same age span, there was an apparent decrease in photoreceptor
      number of about 15%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3709701
TI  - The horizontal cells in the retina of the owl, Tyto alba, and owlet, Carinae
      noctua.
AB  - One type of short-axon horizontal cell (HC) and one type of axonless HC are
      described in the retina of Carinae noctua, a crepuscular bird and Tyto alba, a
      pure nocturnal bird. The axonless HCs in both birds are similar to type II
      axonless HC found in diurnal birds. The short-axon HC of Carinae noctua is
      similar to the same cell type found in diurnal birds; the only difference being
      the axon length. The short-axon HC of the Tyto alba retina is morphologically
      different from the same cell type found in the retina of diurnal birds and
      Carinae noctua and very similar to the short-axon HC described in the mammalian
      retina and the primate retina in particular. The striking similarity between the
      short-axon HCs found in the retina of owl and primates may be related to the same
      rod-cone ratio found in these retinas.

PMID- 3709702
TI  - Analysis of human aqueous humour by high resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy.
AB  - High-resolution proton NMR spectra from nine samples of human aqueous humour
      extracted from the anterior chamber of the eye are reported. They were obtained
      within the order of 45 min from small volumes (ca 0.3 ml) of sample with minimal
      pretreatment and the method was non-destructive. Metabolites detected included
      acetate, acetoacetate, alanine, ascorbate, citrate, creatine, formate, glucose,
      glutamine-glutamate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, lactate, threonine and valine.
      Concentrations of lactate, valine, alanine and acetate were determined. These
      novel metabolite profiles may be of value in the study of clinical disorders.

PMID- 3709703
TI  - The effects of various levels of intraocular pressure on the rabbit's outflow
      system.
AB  - The effects of various levels of intraocular pressure on the morphology of the
      rabbit outflow system were investigated. In a total of 20 rabbits, intraocular
      pressure was maintained at various levels between 0-50 mmHg in the experimental
      eye and at 20 mmHg in the control eye for 1 hr. Flow rates into the eyes were
      measured by following the movement of a miniscus through a calibrated capillary
      tube. Progressive increase in pressure lead to distension and enlargement of the
      ciliary cleft. The meshwork tissues stretched and distended, and the vessels of
      the angular aqueous plexus had pressure-sensitive giant vacuoles of their
      endothelium. These vessels were prone to closure at pressures of 30 mmHg and
      greater. Difficulties associated with quantitation of giant vacuoles in this
      species were discussed.

PMID- 3709704
TI  - Hypoxia-induced renal and extrarenal erythropoietin production in posthypoxic or
      hypertransfused polycythemic rats.
AB  - The erythropoietic response, measured as 59Fe uptake by RBC, and the
      erythropoietin content of kidney tissue after exposure to hypobaric hypoxia were
      determined in both posthypoxic (PH) and hypertransfused (HT) rats. Plasma Ep
      titers were also measured in both PH and HT nephrectomized rats treated
      similarly. PH and HT rats with similar degrees of polycythemia greatly differed
      in their responses to hypoxia, with radioiron uptake by RBC about six times
      higher in the former than in the latter. Kidney Ep titers were significantly
      enhanced after exposure to hypoxia in either normal or polycythemic rats.
      However, kidney Ep titers in PH rats were significantly higher than the values
      found in normal or HT rats. Plasma Ep titers in both PH and HT nephrectomized
      rats exposed to hypoxia were similar and significantly lower than the plasma
      values of normal or nephrectomized, nonpolycythemic rats treated similarly. These
      results suggest that exposure to hypoxia induces sensitization of the renal, but
      not extrarenal, mechanism involved in Ep production.

PMID- 3709705
TI  - Monoclonal antibody (II2C) to human lactoferrin inactivates the myelopoietic
      suppressive effect of human lactoferrin in vitro.
AB  - A mouse monoclonal antibody was prepared against purified and fully iron
      saturated human breast milk lactoferrin (LF). This antibody was of the IgG1
      subclass, and recognized LF biosynthesized in low-density normal human bone
      marrow cells and LF stored in normal human polymorphonuclear neutrophils. This
      antibody did not recognize purified and iron-saturated human transferrin. The
      antibody inactivated the suppressive effects of purified and iron-saturated human
      milk LF and LF present in crude extracts of normal polymorphonuclear neutrophils
      against the release of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors from
      mononuclear blood leukocytes in vitro.

PMID- 3709706
TI  - Studies on the kinetics of the erythroid colony-forming cell.
AB  - The appearance, rate of formation, and morphologic characteristics of the
      erythroid colony-forming cell (CFU-E) was studied in control, exhypoxic
      polycythemic, and anemic mice. Polycythemia resulted in a significant reduction
      in CFU-E number and a lag time of approximately 8 h before colonies were visible
      in culture. Thereafter, the rate of formation of colonies, as assessed by the
      slope of the increase in their number, was identical to the control. The slower
      appearance of CFU-E in polycythemia was corrected by the injection of
      erythropoietin (Ep) 8 h prior to sacrifice, but an absolute increase in colony
      number only occurred when Ep was injected 24 h previously. Polycythemia also
      slowed the rate of colony maturation, so that at later culture times the colonies
      more frequently contained fewer cells and consisted of basophilic normoblasts.
      Anemia did not shorten the time of first appearance of colonies, but their rate
      of maturation was significantly more rapid than the control. These findings are
      best explained by a redistribution of CFU-E in various phases of the cell cycle
      when erythropoiesis is manipulated. Unit-gravity sedimentation studies suggested
      a greater fraction of CFU-E in long G1 or G0 in polycythemia. In addition, the
      kinetics of CFU-E development were identical to polycythemia in mice in which S
      and post-S-phase CFU-E were removed by hydroxyurea injection. It is likely that
      Ep stimulates CFU-E in all phases of the cell cycle. After stimulation by Ep,
      however, CFU-E in long G1 must move through the cell cycle prior to commencing
      cell division. This transit time of 8 h, which is unaffected by the Ep
      concentration in the medium, results in a lag in appearance and maturation of
      colonies derived from these cells. These results demonstrate that cellular
      variables are important in CFU-E kinetics in vitro and provide insights into
      factors affecting the regulation of normal erythropoiesis.

PMID- 3709707
TI  - Genotype-limited changes in platelet and erythroid kinetics in Friend-virus
      infected allophenic mice.
AB  - We report here results suggesting that cells of the megakaryocytic lineage or
      uncommitted precursor cells may be targets for Friend-virus-induced
      proliferation, and that genetic differences (other than Fv-2) between strains
      C57BL/6 and DBA/2 affect the susceptibility of these cells to Friend virus. The
      evidence suggesting this was derived from experiments with C57BL/6 in equilibrium
      DBA/2 allophenic mice. Within the first few weeks following infection of these
      mice with the polycythemic NB-tropic strain of Friend virus (FV-P), we observed a
      rapid shift in the genotypic composition of both red cells and platelets in favor
      of those of the DBA/2 genotype. Infection with the anemia-inducing strain of
      Friend virus (FV-A) also resulted in preferential production of DBA/2 strain
      erythrocytes, but its effect on platelet kinetics was nil. The FV-P- and FV-A
      induced change in red cell composition is consistent with the view that erythroid
      precursors are target cells for Friend virus and that viral infection
      preferentially stimulates proliferation of susceptible strain (DBA/2) erythroid
      precursors. As for the platelet shifts induced by FV-P (and not FV-A), we believe
      the changes in platelet mosaicism also could be caused by viral-induced
      proliferation of DBA/2 platelet precursors, or more primitive progenitors, over
      the C57BL/6 ones. Thus, these results implicate the existence of nonerythroid
      target cells for FV-P-induced proliferation, as well as the existence of genetic
      differences between strains C57BL/6 and DBA/2 that modulate the responsiveness of
      such cells to infection.

PMID- 3709708
TI  - Hemopoiesis on purified bone-marrow-derived reticular fibroblast in vitro.
AB  - Murine bone-marrow-derived reticular fibroblast cultures were tested for the
      ability to support hemopoiesis and release hemopoietic growth factors in vitro.
      The reticular fibroblast cultures employed in these studies were 95%-100% pure on
      the basis of Mac-1, F4/80, MIV-51, T200, antifactor VIII and ER-TR7 monoclonal
      antibody staining. Further support for the fibroblastic nature of these cells was
      obtained from collagen and laminin analyses. Addition of stromal cell-depleted
      bone marrow cell suspensions to flasks of confluent reticular fibroblasts
      resulted in production and release of granulocytes, monocyte-macrophages, and
      granulocyte-monocyte progenitors from the adherent layer for 4-8 weeks.
      Pluripotent spleen colony-forming units were detected during the first four
      weeks. Assay of reticular fibroblast conditioned medium for hemopoietic growth
      factors demonstrated production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating
      activity and stem-cell-activating factor. We did not detect any erythroid burst
      promoting activity. These results suggest that reticular fibroblasts may play a
      role in the maintenance of pluripotent stem cells and in the proliferation and
      differentiation of cells committed to the granulocyte-monocyte lineage.

PMID- 3709709
TI  - Lithium and hematopoietic toxicity. I. Recovery in vivo of murine hematopoietic
      stem cells (CFU-S and CFU-Mix) after single-dose administration of
      cyclophosphamide.
AB  - Studies are described that demonstrate the ability of lithium (Li) to enhance the
      recovery of the total peripheral blood neutrophil and pluripotential stem cell
      (CFU-S and CFU-Mix) populations per femur from mice administered cyclophosphamide
      (CTX)(200 mg/kg body weight). Beginning 2 h after CTX administration and on the
      following two days, mice received ultra-pure Li2CO3 (35 micrograms/kg body
      weight) intraperitoneally. Control groups consisted of mice receiving either CTX
      or phosphate-buffered saline only; 24 h later and, on days 2-5, 7, 9, 12, 14, 16,
      21, and 28, three mice from each group were serially sacrificed. Peripheral blood
      was obtained and examined for their hematocrit, white blood cell (WBC), and
      differential values. Bone marrow was harvested and assayed in vivo for CFU-S and
      in vitro for CFU-Mix. In addition, cell-cycle status of regenerating marrow was
      evaluated in vitro by use of the hydroxyurea suicide technique. Mice receiving
      CTX plus Li developed a significant elevation in the WBC which was demonstrated
      by an increase in the total neutrophil population when compared with CTX
      administered controls. This enhanced hematopoietic activity was further
      demonstrated by an accelerated recovery of CFU-S and CFU-Mix compared with CTX
      controls. Cell kinetic studies demonstrated that a greater percentage of these
      stem cells obtained from Li-treated animals were in active cell cycle. These
      results demonstrate and confirm the capability of Li to accelerate hematopoietic
      recovery following the use of agents known to suppress hematopoiesis.

PMID- 3709710
TI  - Connections of the anterior ectosylvian visual area (AEV).
AB  - We have previously described a visual area situated in the cortex surrounding the
      deep infolding of the anterior ectosylvian sulcus of the cat (Mucke et al. 1982).
      Using orthograde and retrograde transport methods we now report anatomical
      evidence that this anterior ectosylvian visual area (AEV) is connected with a
      substantial number of both cortical and subcortical regions. The connections
      between AEV and other cortical areas are reciprocal and, at least in part,
      topographically organized: the rostral AEV is connected with the bottom region of
      the presylvian sulcus, the lower bank of the cruciate sulcus, the rostral part of
      the ventral bank of the splenial sulcus, the rostral portion of the lateral
      suprasylvian visual area (LS) and the lateral bank of the posterior rhinal
      sulcus; the caudal AEV is connected with the bottom region of the presylvian
      sulcus, the caudal part of LS, the ventral part of area 20 and the lateral bank
      of the posterior rhinal sulcus. Subcortically, AEV has reciprocal connections
      with the ventral medial thalamic nucleus (VM), with the medial part of the
      lateralis posterior nucleus (LPm), as well as with the lateralis medialis
      suprageniculate nuclear (LM-Sg) complex. These connections are also
      topographically organized with more rostral parts of AEV being related to more
      ventral portions of the LPm and LM-Sg complex. AEV also projects to the caudate
      nucleus, the putamen, the lateral amygdaloid nucleus, the superior colliculus,
      and the pontine nuclei. It is concluded that AEV is a visual association area
      which functionally relates the visual with both the motor and the limbic system
      and that it might play a role in the animal's orienting and alerting behavior.

PMID- 3709711
TI  - Central and peripheral residual vision in humans with bilateral deprivation
      amblyopia.
AB  - Residual visual capacities were investigated in the central and peripheral visual
      fields of 13 patients with bilateral deprivation amblyopia secondary to
      congenital cataracts removed at an early age. In comparison with a control group
      of normal subjects, spatial modulation sensitivity function of the amblyopes was
      markedly impaired in each experimental condition, i.e. both when the stimuli were
      stationary or drifting (8 Hz) gratings and both in central or peripheral visual
      field, at 10 and 20 degrees eccentricity. The sensitivity drop was observed over
      the whole spatial frequency range, although it was much more severe at high
      frequencies. Threshold elevation, with respect to controls, was very similar in
      conditions using stationary or drifting gratings, suggesting that both sustained
      and transient mechanisms are affected by stimulus deprivation amblyopia. Temporal
      modulation sensitivity function was uniformly impaired over the whole temporal
      frequency range. When compared with other types of amblyopia, this pattern of
      spatiotemporal sensitivity loss appeared characteristic of deprivation amblyopia.
      The peripheral deficit was particularly striking by its severity and extent, as
      ascertained by static perimetry and visual acuity measurements up to 50 degrees
      eccentricity. This finding emphasizes the susceptibility of peripheral as well as
      central human vision to early deprivation and suggests that peripheral visual
      functions are still immature in newborns. Finally, the overall deficit varied
      with the severity of the deprivation, in that patients with complete neonatal
      cataract performed much worse than those with incomplete cataract.

PMID- 3709712
TI  - Excitatory interactions between phrenic motoneurons in the cat.
AB  - Interactions between phrenic motoneurons have been analysed in anaesthetized,
      paralyzed cats after C3 to C7 deafferentation. Effects of electrical stimulation
      of the C5 phrenic axons have been studied on thin filaments dissected from the
      stimulated nerve. Repetitive stimulation could elicit, after the primary direct
      response of the stimulated axons, a secondary response named Recurrent Response,
      RR. RRs have been obtained in 117/186 phrenic axons. They appear sporadically
      (mean occurrence: 3.75 RRs elicited by 100 shocks of stimulation) at a constant
      latency. They originate from a spinal mechanism since they persist after C2
      transection and disappear after section of the ventral roots. The mechanism
      responsible for RR shows spatial and temporal facilitation. The RR probability
      increases with the number of antidromically invaded motoneurons as revealed by
      changes either of stimulation intensity or of central respiratory drive. However,
      RR could be evoked in a motoneuron without an antidromic volley in its axon.
      Systemic injections of nicotinic blocking drugs such as dihydro-beta-erythroidine
      or mecamylamine decrease or suppress the occurrence of RR; therefore, cholinergic
      synapses are involved in the RR generating process. RR are assumed to be due to
      direct excitatory interactions between homonymous motoneurons. Recurrent axon
      collaterals impinging directly on neighbouring motoneurons would link together
      the different motoneurons of the phrenic pool. The functional significance of
      this phenomenon is discussed.

PMID- 3709713
TI  - Dual mode of projections from the parietal to the motor cortex in the cat.
AB  - The cortico-cortical projection from area 5 to area 4 gamma was studied in
      anesthetized cats. Intracortical microstimulation of area 5 produced EPSPs in
      pyramidal tract (PT) cells in area 4 gamma. Such EPSPs were analysed in a total
      of 54 fast PT cells. The rising phase of these EPSPs was often composed of fast
      and slow components. Fast-rising EPSPs (fast component) were produced
      predominantly by stimulation within layer III of area 5 while slow-rising EPSPs
      (slow component) were evoked predominantly by stimulation within layer V of area
      5. The amplitudes of the fast and slow components of EPSPs produced during
      repetitive stimulation within layers III and V of area 5 decreased and increased,
      respectively, with an increase in the stimulus frequency without any appreciable
      changes in their latency and time-to-peak. The slow component was much less
      influenced by membrane hyperpolarization than the fast component. Retrogradely
      labeled neurons were found not only in layer III but also in layer V of area 5
      following HRP injection centered on superficial layers (I-III) of area 4 gamma.
      It is suggested that there are two groups of cortico-cortical neurons in layers
      III and V of area 5, which may make monosynaptic contact with the proximal and
      distal sites of fast PT cells in area 4 gamma, respectively.

PMID- 3709714
TI  - Visual control of reaching movements without vision of the limb. I. Role of
      retinal feedback of target position in guiding the hand.
AB  - The spatial and temporal organization of hand and eye movements were studied in
      normal human subjects as they pointed toward small visual targets. The experiment
      was designed to assess the role of information about target position in
      correcting the trajectory of the hand when view of the hand was not available. To
      accomplish this, the duration of target presentation was systematically varied
      across blocks of trials. The results of this experiment showed that pointing
      movements were about 3 times more accurate when the target was present throughout
      the entire pointing movement, than when the target disappeared shortly after the
      hand movement had begun. These data indicate that pointing movements made without
      view of the limb are not purely preprogrammed but instead, are corrected during
      their execution. These modifications to the motor program are smoothly integrated
      into the ongoing movement and must depend upon comparing visual information about
      the position of the target with nonvisual information about the position of the
      limb. The source of this non-visual information was not directly established in
      the present experiment but presumably must be derived from kinesthetic
      reafferences and/or efference copy.

PMID- 3709715
TI  - Visual control of reaching movements without vision of the limb. II. Evidence of
      fast unconscious processes correcting the trajectory of the hand to the final
      position of a double-step stimulus.
AB  - In this study, a visual target was localized by both limb and eye. The
      experimental procedure provided an opportunity to analyze the limb movement
      trajectories to the target whose location was displaced during saccades. Absence
      of visual information about position of the moving limb did not interfere with
      correction of the trajectory of pointing movements. These corrections reflect the
      new information about target position that becomes available at the end of the
      first saccade. Mean localization errors to stationary and to displaced targets
      were not significantly different. This result suggests that subjects were able to
      compare visual (retinal + eye position) information about the position of the
      target with information about the position of their moving limb derived from
      kinesthesis and/or efference copies of the motor commands. An analysis of
      velocity profiles indicates that the observed corrections of hand movement to
      target displacement could not be identified by an inflexion point in the
      trajectory. None of the subjects reported seeing the target change location. In
      other words, the motor command was adjustable despite the failure of changes in
      visual locus to reach consciousness.

PMID- 3709716
TI  - Modulations of the lateral geniculate nucleus cell responses by a second discrete
      conditioning stimulus: implications of the superior colliculus in rabbits.
AB  - This study analyzes the interactions between two discrete stimuli located in the
      visual field of the rabbit at the lateral geniculate level. Single unit
      recordings were carried out simultaneously from the superior colliculus (SC) and
      lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in anesthetized and paralyzed rabbits. A first
      conditioning stimulus (most often a moving target) was positioned in the
      receptive field of the collicular cell to ensure activation of the retino
      collicular path. A second test stimulus was introduced into the receptive field
      of the LGN cell. The presentation of this latter stimulus was timed so as to fire
      the geniculate cell at various delays after the collicular neuron had responded
      to its own stimulus. The spontaneous firing of each cell was unaffected by the
      stimulus appropriate to the complementary unit. The conditioning collicular
      stimulus produced increases or decreases in geniculate responses. This modulation
      may eventually reduce the direction specificity of a geniculate unit. The
      fluctuations of the geniculate responses peaked 200 to 300 ms after collicular
      cells had responded. In a separate series of experiments the influence of the
      conditioning stimulus on geniculate responses was abolished when the SC was
      locally inactivated. These results suggest that the well documented colliculo
      geniculate system mediates the interactions of several stimuli in the visual
      field. The outcome of this processing results in a modulation of geniculate
      responses.

PMID- 3709717
TI  - Synaptic responses of lumbar alpha-motoneurones to selective stimulation of
      cutaneous nociceptors and low threshold mechanoreceptors in the spinal cat.
AB  - The reflex projection from afferents of cutaneous nociceptors and low threshold
      mechanoreceptors onto intracellularly recorded lumbar alpha-motoneurones was
      tested in high spinal unanaesthetized cats. Low threshold mechanoreceptors were
      activated by light stroking of the hairy skin of the foot, nociceptors by radiant
      heat and in a few cases, for comparison, by pinching of the skin. In each
      experiment only one cutaneous nerve (Sur, SPC, Saph or Tib) was left intact.
      Flexor motoneurones (PBSt) generally showed a depolarization together with an
      increase of synaptic noise to both types of stimulation, the amplitude during
      nociceptive stimulation being larger in most cases. In extensor motoneurones (GS,
      ABSm) the responses to noxious and mechanical skin stimulation were more
      variable. Only a slight depolarization or no change of the level of the membrane
      potential, together with an increase of synaptic noise, was observed in most
      cases. Besides that, minor hyperpolarizations or transitions from light
      depolarization to hyperpolarization were induced during stimulation. The effects
      of noxious and mechanoreceptive skin stimulation were not strictly related to the
      effects of electrical stimulation of flexor reflex afferents. It is assumed that
      particularly for extensor motoneurones, the excitatory and the inhibitory
      segmental reflex pathways were activated in parallel during skin stimulation. The
      simultaneous action of the inhibitory pathway in addition to the excitatory one
      may serve as a mechanism to neutralize unwanted surplus excitation.

PMID- 3709718
TI  - Quantitative autoradiographic analysis of estradiol retention by cells in the
      preoptic area, hypothalamus and amygdala.
AB  - These experiments were done to compare quantitatively, on a cell-by-cell basis,
      estradiol retention by cells in the medial preoptic area, arcuate nucleus,
      ventrolateral subdivision of the ventromedial nucleus, and the caudal half of the
      medial nucleus of the amygdala. The steroid autoradiograms were prepared from 2
      mu sections of brains from ovariectomized, adrenalectomized adult female rats
      that had been infused intravenously with [3H] estradiol (E2) in a regimen which
      kept circulating hormone concentration at or above proestrus levels for 3-4 h.
      Even in these brain regions, containing the most dense collections of E2
      concentrating cells, a maximum of only 27-61% of the cells concentrated E2.
      Therefore, in these regions only a particular subset of the cells retain hormone;
      other cells in the region do not retain hormone. Frequency distribution
      histograms of the number of grains per cell versus the number of cells in each
      region showed a wide range in the amount of E2 retained per cell, and no modes
      among E2-retaining cells. The data followed a distribution markedly different
      from that predicted by a simple Poisson distribution, confirming that E2
      retention does not result from a random, passive process such as diffusion. The
      overall quantitative characteristics of the frequency distribution histograms
      were similar across the four brain areas. Therefore, we propose that the
      different E2-sensitive functions of these brain areas must depend on differences
      in the neural connectivity or differences in hormone regulated peptide content of
      the areas.

PMID- 3709719
TI  - Spinal neuronal inhibition and EEG synchrony by electrical stimulation in
      subcortical forebrain regions of the cat.
AB  - In cats anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and 70% N2O, single lumbar dorsal
      horn neurons were excited by controlled noxious radiant heating of glabrous
      hindpaw skin. The EEG was recorded from the pericruciate cortex and posterior
      lateral gyrus. Subcortical forebrain sites where electrical stimulation inhibited
      dorsal horn neuronal heat-evoked responses contralaterally were identified by
      mapping the caudate nucleus, internal capsule, septum, nucleus accumbens and
      basal forebrain regions. Inhibitory sites were mainly located in the ventral
      forebrain (ventral septum, diagonal band, basal forebrain). The caudate nucleus
      and internal capsule had a low incidence and effectiveness of inhibitory sites.
      In the basal forebrain, the incidence and effectiveness of inhibitory sites
      decreased from caudal to rostral regions. There was a rostral limit of inhibitory
      sites, both medially and laterally. The magnitude of inhibition increased with
      graded increases in brain stimulation intensity. The mean incremental increase in
      inhibition was greater for caudal than for rostral basal forebrain sites. Mean
      stimulus currents for threshold of inhibition and for inhibition to 50% of
      control heat responses were lower for caudal than for rostral sites. Responses of
      the dorsal horn neurons to increasing temperatures of noxious skin heating were
      monotonic linear functions over the temperature range studied (48-53 degrees C).
      Stimulation in both rostral and caudal basal forebrain decreased the slope of
      this stimulus-response function, with a greater decrease for caudal sites.
      Cortical EEG synchronization was evoked by stimulation in the caudate nucleus and
      rostral basal forebrain. For both regions, most synchronogenic sites did not
      produce descending inhibition of dorsal horn neurons. The significance of these
      findings in relation to descending inhibition from other brain regions and
      stimulation-produced analgesia is discussed.

PMID- 3709720
TI  - The development and recovery of motor function in spinal cats. I. The infant
      lesion effect.
AB  - Normal development of motor function was compared to that of cats with spinal
      transections at birth (newborn operates) or at approximately two weeks after
      birth (two week operates). Newborn operates expressed motor behavior not seen
      until sometime later in normal newborn cats, suggesting that this behavior is
      normally suppressed by descending systems in newborn cats. After reaching
      adulthood, the motor performance of newborn operates surpassed that of both two
      week operates and chronic adult operates (cats with spinal cord transection in
      adulthood), suggesting that the earlier transection occurs, the greater the
      recovery of motor function. Transection at birth may alter the course of spinal
      cord development, accounting for the differences in motor performance among the
      three age groups.

PMID- 3709721
TI  - The development and recovery of motor function in spinal cats. II.
      Pharmacological enhancement of recovery.
AB  - The effects of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) antagonist bicuculline (BCC) on
      hindlimb motor performance was examined in mature spinal cats with spinal cord
      transections made either on the day of birth or at approximately two weeks
      postpartum and in chronic adult cats with spinal transections made in adulthood.
      In those adult operates, whose pre-drug performance was poor compared to neonatal
      operates, treadmill locomotion and weight support were improved dramatically by
      BCC administration. In neonatal operates (examined as adults), BCC administration
      increased the force of extension to abnormal levels and this increase appeared to
      disrupt locomotion. Immunocytochemical localization of GABA's synthetic enzyme,
      glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) within the spinal cords of these animals
      revealed an abnormal distribution of GAD reaction product only in newborn
      operates. The behavioral results indicate that the full extent of recovery in
      adult operates is prevented by inhibitory influences and this may contribute to
      the comparatively superior performance of neonatal operates i.e., the infant
      lesion effect. The anatomical results suggest that one requirement for the normal
      development of some intrinsic spinal circuitry is transneuronal regulation
      mediated by the maturation of descending systems.

PMID- 3709722
TI  - Resetting of resultant stiffness in ankle flexor and extensor muscles in the
      decerebrate cat.
AB  - Flexor (tibialis anterior, TA, and extensor digitorum longus, EDL) and extensor
      (soleus, SOL) muscles in the decerebrate cat were subjected to length changes and
      the force responses were measured. Resultant muscular stiffness, which arises
      from the mechanical reaction of muscle fibers contracting prior to the length
      change and from a change in force due to reflex action, was calculated by
      dividing the changes in force by the corresponding length changes. As shown
      previously in the premammillary preparation, resultant stiffness was usually
      higher in SOL than in TA or EDL. Following an intercollicular transection in some
      preparations, resultant stiffness increased markedly for TA but not substantially
      for SOL. During continuous electrical stimulation in the magnocellular red
      nucleus in premammillary preparations, resultant stiffness of SOL decreased for a
      wide range of forces while EDL responses were unaffected. These results show that
      reflex gain is not determined solely by the level of motoneuronal excitability
      but also by a descending control from the brainstem, and that the lower resultant
      stiffness in flexors compared to extensors in the decerebrate cat is set by this
      control system and not by inherent differences in the strength of autogenetic
      reflex pathways for the two muscles.

PMID- 3709723
TI  - Innervation of the adult rat cerebellar hemisphere by fibres from the ipsilateral
      inferior olive following unilateral neonatal pedunculotomy: an autoradiographic
      and retrograde fluorescent double-labelling study.
AB  - A left cerebellar pedunculotomy was carried out in neonatal rats of different
      ages to deprive the left cerebellar hemisphere of its normal climbing fibre
      input. In control adult animals this is totally crossed and thus arises only from
      the contralateral (right) inferior olive. After pedunculotomy, only the left
      inferior olive was intact, the right being degenerated. The remaining
      olivocerebellar pathway was investigated using anterograde autoradiographic or
      retrograde fluorescent double-labelling techniques. The anterograde
      autoradiographic technique showed that, in these animals, the remaining left
      inferior olive had an aberrant climbing fibre projection which travelled via the
      intact right inferior cerebellar peduncle to the denervated left hemicerebellum.
      If the pedunculotomy was carried out at 3 days of age (P3), this aberrant
      projection closely mirrored the normal pathway to the opposite hemisphere;
      pedunculotomy at P7 produced a different pattern of projection; while if the
      operation was done at P10 there was no new projection. True blue (TB) and
      diamidino yellow (DY) were injected into the denervated (left) and normal (right)
      cerebellar hemispheres respectively. Retrograde transport of these tracers
      confirmed both the aberrant ipsilateral projection and the normal crossed
      projection from neurons in the remaining inferior olive. Most of the
      ipsilaterally projecting neurons were in the medial accessory olive. As none of
      them were double-labelled, it was concluded that the new projection is not a
      collateral of normally projecting olivary neurons, but arises from a separate
      population of cells. The significance of these findings in relation to earlier
      work on this system is discussed.

PMID- 3709724
TI  - Cholecystokinin in the mouse hippocampus: localization in the mossy fiber and
      dentate commissural systems.
AB  - The distribution and source of cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity (CCK-I) in
      the hippocampus of the Swiss Webster mouse was analyzed using light microscopic
      immunocytochemical techniques. In agreement with what has been observed in other
      animals, CCK-I was localized within sparsely scattered neurons throughout the
      hippocampus proper, in axons that arborize within and around stratum pyramidale,
      and in fine axons and puncta in stratum lacunosum-moleculare of region CA1. In
      contrast to other animals, CCK-I was also localized within the mossy fiber system
      (including dentate gyrus granule cells), within a dense band which occupied the
      full septo-temporal extent of the dentate gyrus inner molecular layer, and within
      polymorph neurons of the central hilus. The presence of CCK-I within the latter
      two areas suggested localization within the dentate gyrus commissural system.
      This was verified by the combined use of retrograde fluorescent dye transport and
      CCK immunocytochemistry. Virtually all of the dye-labeled dentate commissural
      neurons within the hilus were CCK-I. These data demonstrate that while there is
      little change in the distribution of CCK-I within hippocampal local circuit
      neurons across animals, there are substantial interspecies differences in the
      localization of CCK-I within major axonal projections in the hippocampal
      formation.

PMID- 3709725
TI  - Does reflex inhibition of motor units follow the "size principle"?
AB  - The "size principle" is known to dictate the sequence of recruitment of motor
      neurons during voluntary or reflex activation of muscles. The present study
      sought to determine whether the size principle also determined the sequence of
      reflexly-elicited inhibition of motor neurones. It was found that all masseter
      motor units were about equally inhibited by a mildly-noxious stimulus to the lip,
      providing that they were tested at the same level of pre-stimulus excitability,
      i.e., firing frequency. At higher prestimulus firing frequencies, more intense
      stimuli were required to inhibit motor unit activity. Thus it is the firing
      frequency of individual motor neurons, rather than their size, which determines
      their susceptibility to inhibition.

PMID- 3709726
TI  - Spectral sensitivity of cat cones to rapid flicker.
AB  - Records obtained from the flicker photometric electroretinogram indicate that
      only a single spectral mechanism (lambda MAX = 555 nm) in the cat eye contributes
      to the response to 50 Hz flicker. A photopic mechanism (lambda MAX = 500-510 nm)
      detected in earlier studies does not respond to high frequency flicker.

PMID- 3709727
TI  - Lateralization of spike and wave complexes produced by hallucinogenic compounds
      in the cat.
AB  - The ability of four hallucinogenic compounds--ketamine, phencyclidine, quipazine,
      and SKF-10 047--to produce some specific electrical pattern in portions of the
      limbic system and the hemispheric lateralization of such effects were studied in
      cats with permanently implanted electrodes. Electronic frequency and area
      integrators were used to analyze the results, and the percentage change in
      electrographic alterations was calculated. All compounds studied produced trains
      of spike and wave complexes in the cingulum, rapid discharges in the amygdala
      complex, and slow-wave synchronous activity in the septal nucleus. Those changes
      predominated in the left hemisphere. At small but hallucinatory concentrations of
      these drugs, the cortical EEG was not affected. Exploratory movements directed
      toward nonexistent objects, classified as hallucinatory-like behavior, appeared
      simultaneous with these changes in the EEG recordings. We concluded that there
      could exist a relationship between the appearance of spike and wave complexes in
      the limbic system without epileptic signs (twitching or myoclonus) and the
      presence of hallucinations, and that there is a left side hemispheric
      lateralization of the electrographic effects, viewing cerebral dominance
      phenomena as a functional and fluctuating state.

PMID- 3709728
TI  - Effect of roll and pitch on flash-induced nystagmus: support for involvement of
      retinal direction-selective elements?
AB  - The direction of eye movement (i.e., the angle of the resultant velocity vector
      calculated from the horizontal and vertical components) during flash-induced
      nystagmus was evaluated in static roll and pitch positions. It appeared that this
      direction coincided with the orientation of the visual streak, as influenced by
      the ocular countertorsion which is known to occur in the various body positions.
      This supports the hypothesis that flash-induced nystagmus results from
      stimulation of direction-selective retinal elements. The intensity of flash
      induced nystagmus, evaluated either by measuring slow-phase velocity (i.e.,
      magnitude of resultant vector) or by beat frequency, was minimal in approximately
      90 and 270 degrees roll or pitch positions, presumably because the total combined
      (utricular and saccular, left and right) excitatory otolith stimulation was
      maximal in these positions, the effect of this stimulation being inhibitory to
      the flash-induced nystagmus.

PMID- 3709729
TI  - Effect of perinatally administered ethanol on the development of the cerebellar
      granule cell.
AB  - The effect of perinatally administered ethanol on the postnatal development of
      cerebellar granule cells was studied in mice which received 25% of their caloric
      intake as ethanol. Timed-pregnant females were given ethanol in a chocolate
      flavored liquid from gestation day 12 until postnatal day 7, then the mice were
      returned to a chow and water regime. The pups were killed on postnatal day 14 and
      the tissue processed for Golgi analysis of the dendritic arbor. Camera lucida
      drawings were made of the granule cells and these drawings were subsequently
      analyzed using a Zeiss Videoplan. Examination of the granule cells revealed that
      there was a significant decrease in dendritic length and in the extent of the
      dendritic field. In addition, there was a delayed maturation of the terminal
      dendritic processes. These results are in accord with other reports in the
      literature which suggest that the altered dendritic patterns seen in ethanol
      toxicity may be one of the causative factors in the minimal brain dysfunction
      that is characteristic of the fetal alcohol syndrome.

PMID- 3709730
TI  - Effect of gum hardness on chewing pattern.
AB  - Chewing rhythms are set by a putative central pattern generator whose output is
      influenced by sensory feedback. In this study we assessed how an altered feedback
      imposed by changing the hardness of a gum bolus modifies the timing of chewing,
      the maximal gape, and the activity in the masseter muscle on the chewing side.
      Ten adult subjects with no orofacial dysfunction chewed a standard piece of soft
      or hard gum for at least 3 min in random order. Vertical jaw movements were
      recorded with a kinesiograph and activity of the masseter muscle was recorded and
      integrated from surface EMG electrodes. The subjects sat in a dental chair and
      viewed a video lecture to distract their attention from chewing; they were
      instructed to chew on the right molars. Cycle-by-cycle analysis showed that 9 of
      the 10 subjects chewed the hard gum more slowly than the soft with no significant
      change in gape. The increases in cycle duration were due to changes in the
      duration of the opening and occlusal phases. The duration of closing was not
      significantly changed even though the duration and level of masseter activity
      were both significantly increased. We conclude that gum hardness by altering
      proprioceptive feedback modifies the output of the masticatory central pattern
      generator in such a way that the temporal aspects of chewing and the output of
      the masseteric motor pool are affected.

PMID- 3709731
TI  - Effects of hyperbaric and hyperoxic conditions on amygdala-kindled seizures in
      rat.
AB  - The kindling effect refers to an experimental model of epilepsy which involves an
      intermittent application of focal electrical stimulation to some areas of the
      brain. Bilateral seizures are obtained after about 15 stimulations of the
      amygdala in the rat. We studied the kindling effect under hyperbaric-hyperoxic
      conditions. In kindled rats, simulated diving significantly reduced interictal
      spiking. This effect was specific to the hyperoxic condition and did not occur in
      the normoxic-hyperbaric condition. In addition, this experiment underscored the
      role of stress (here, confinement stress) on the occurrence of seizures.

PMID- 3709732
TI  - Retrograde slowing of conduction in sensory axons central to a sciatic nerve
      neuroma.
AB  - We have plotted the time-course of retrograde slowing of impulse conduction
      velocity in myelinated afferent fibers after sciatic nerve transection and
      ligation, using compound action potential recordings, and samples of single
      afferent fibers. Conduction slowed rapidly during the first few weeks
      postoperative, and then the rate of slowing declined, approaching an asymptote
      after about 5 months. There was no indication of recovery. The initial decline in
      conduction velocity that follows nerve crush was similar to that following nerve
      transection. Upon regeneration, however, conduction velocity returned to near
      baseline values. Afferent fibers in the neighboring posterior biceps nerve share
      conduction pathways, dorsal root ganglia, and spinal terminal fields with sciatic
      nerve afferents, but their conduction velocity was not reduced following sciatic
      nerve injury.

PMID- 3709733
TI  - Systemic penicillin as an experimental model of epilepsy.
AB  - Systemic use of high-dose penicillin was studied in rats and cats to establish an
      experimental model of epilepsy. In rats, intraperitoneal injection of 2.5 to 5.0
      million units/kg (MU/kg) penicillin was effective to induce spikes in 45.7 +/-
      31.0 min (means +/- SD) and seizure in 71.5 +/- 38.4 min. In cats, intravenous
      administration of penicillin at 0.5 to 1.0 MU/kg induced spikes in 10.4 +/- 7.8
      min and seizure in 32.2 +/- 19.8 min. Intraperitoneal use of penicillin at 1.0 to
      2.0 MU/kg caused spikes in 24.0 +/- 18.4 min and seizure in 71.2 +/- 38.3 min.
      Pretreatment with intravenous isoniazid at 16.3 +/- 10.3 mg/kg significantly
      delayed the appearance of intravenous penicillin-induced spikes to 63.1 +/- 49.8
      min or prevented the appearance of spikes and abolished the occurrence of
      seizures. Acupuncture at various points increased the penicillin-induced spikes
      and seizures.

PMID- 3709734
TI  - Characteristics of vagal afferent activity in rats: three types of pulmonary
      receptors responding to collapse, inflation, and deflation of the lung.
AB  - To elucidate the characteristics of vagal afferent fibers arising from rat lungs,
      single-unit activity from pulmonary stretch receptors and two other types of
      pulmonary receptors was recorded. In the latter, one type of receptor, termed
      deflation-sensitive receptors in this study, was stimulated only in the
      expiratory phase of normal respiration. Moreover, this type of receptor exhibited
      persistent discharges resulting in a train or burst of impulses with collapse and
      forced deflation, respectively. The decrease of discharge frequency during
      collapse was slow and the average adaptation index was 20%, indicating a slowly
      adapting characteristic. Upon forced deflation, the discharge frequency increased
      with increasing negative pressure to -158 mm H2O intratracheal pressure. The
      other type of receptor, termed irritant-like receptors, responded to both
      deflation and inflation. In addition, they displayed rapidly adapting and
      irregular discharges during maintained inflation. These results indicate that rat
      vagus nerves deliver afferent information from at least three types of pulmonary
      receptors: pulmonary stretch and lung irritant-like receptors and the receptors
      specifically sensitive to expiration or lung deflation. Furthermore, the
      possibility is postulated that vagal deflation-sensitive receptors are related to
      the peripheral mechanism in normal respiration and Hering-Breuer deflation reflex
      in rats.

PMID- 3709735
TI  - Effects of methylprednisolone on cortical neural activity, blood flow, and water
      content in air exposure-induced cerebral edema.
AB  - The correlation of changes in cortical neuron activity with water content and
      local cerebral blood flow was investigated in cats with brain edema produced by
      air exposure. The further effect of high-dose methylprednisolone on these factors
      was studied. Six hours after exposure of the brain surface to air, the water
      content of the white matter significantly increased. The local blood flow of the
      cortex and white matter significantly decreased with significant suppression of
      cortical neural activity (direct cortical response), indicating that ischemia was
      responsible for neural suppression. A single, large dose of methylprednisolone
      (30 mg/kg, i.v.) at the beginning of air exposure significantly reduced brain
      edema of the cortex and white matter 12 h after air exposure and improved the
      local blood flow of the cortex. Methylprednisolone also caused a remarkable
      improvement in cortical neural activity. This steroid effect on cortical neural
      function may play a role in the rapid neurologic improvement observed with their
      use in addition to the effect on brain edema.

PMID- 3709736
TI  - State disorders and state-dependent seizures in amygdala-kindled cats.
AB  - This study replicated and extended previous work indicating a reciprocal
      relationship between persistent sleep disorders and seizure susceptibility in
      amygdala-kindled cats. Eight kindled cats (experimental group) and six nonkindled
      cats (control group) were assessed for several sleep and waking state parameters.
      Seizure susceptibility, indexed by thresholds to generalized afterdischarge and
      tonic-clonic convulsions, was also evaluated in experimental subjects during each
      of the following states: alert but quiet wakefulness, slow-wave sleep,
      transitions from slow-wave to REM sleep, and REM sleep. There were two primary
      findings: (i) slow-wave sleep and transitions from it to REM sleep were disrupted
      in amygdala-kindled cats whereas REM sleep was normal when an effective
      transition had been made; and (ii) disturbed states were also more susceptible to
      generalized seizures than were stable REM sleep and waking episodes, suggesting
      that abnormal rather than normal sleep created a predisposition for seizures.

PMID- 3709737
TI  - Origin and distribution of phrenic primary afferent nerve fibers in the spinal
      cord of the adult rat.
AB  - Previous studies from this laboratory have localized and morphologically
      characterized phrenic motor neurons in the rat spinal cord at light and electron
      microscopic levels. The present investigation used a modification of the TMB
      method for the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to describe
      at light microscope levels the origin and distribution of phrenic primary
      afferent axons in the adult rat spinal cord. Dry HRP crystals were applied to the
      central stump of the transected phrenic nerve in the neck to label spinal
      ganglion cell bodies and thus determine the levels of origin of afferent axons in
      the phrenic nerve. Camera lucida drawings were then made from serial sections
      through the appropriate spinal cord levels to determine the specific distribution
      of transganglionically labeled phrenic central axonal processes within the spinal
      cord. HRP-labeled phrenic primary neurons were observed in the C3 to C7 spinal
      ganglia. The camera lucida studies indicated that the transganglionically labeled
      central processes of phrenic primary afferent axons distributed into the dorsal
      horn at the C4 and C5 levels of the spinal cord. Furthermore, central processes
      distributing to C5 were more numerous than those that distributed to C4. Afferent
      axons were never seen in the dorsal horn at C3, C6, or C7. As spinal ganglion
      cells were labeled at C3 above and C6 and C7 below, it follows that central
      processes of phrenic afferent fibers descend and ascend in the dorsal columns of
      the spinal cord before distributing into the dorsal horn. Specifically, the
      labeled primary afferent axons and their collateral branches were found in the
      fasciculus cuneatus, and in laminae I, II, III, and IV of the dorsomedial aspect
      of the dorsal horn. The function of these central axonal processes is unknown,
      but based on a comparison of our morphologic data with previous physiological and
      anatomical studies, we suggest that phrenic afferent fibers may arise from
      proprioceptors (muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs), nociceptors, or rapidly
      adapting mechanoreceptors (Pacinian corpuscles) within the diaphragm.

PMID- 3709738
TI  - Cholecystokinin synapses in the sexually dimorphic central part of the medial
      preoptic nucleus.
AB  - The distribution of immunoreactive cholecystokinin synapses in the medial
      preoptic nucleus was studied. At the light microscopic level, the relative
      density of cholecystokinin in the nucleus corresponds to its three subdivisions.
      The sexually dimorphic central part of the nucleus was filled with a very dense
      plexus of cholecystokinin fibers/terminals. At the ultrastructural level,
      cholecystokinin-positive boutons contained labeled, dense core vesicles and clear
      vesicles as well as a population of unlabeled vesicles. The cholecystokinin
      boutons formed axodendritic, axosomatic, and axoaxonic interactions. Very few of
      the boutons were found in apposition with unlabeled elements but without any
      evidence of contact, i.e., synaptoid-type. Interestingly, cholecystokinin
      positive, dendrite-like structures occasionally extended thin processes that were
      observed to end in a bouton containing both light and dense core vesicles. These
      varicosities were observed to have synaptoid endings. The dense innervation and
      synaptoid interaction of cholecystokinin elements in the central part of the
      medial preoptic nucleus may help to clarify the peptide's function in the medial
      preoptic area.

PMID- 3709739
TI  - Microwave irradiation of peripheral nerve following injury: a structural analysis
      of degeneration and regeneration.
AB  - Studies of the enhancement effect of pulsed energy irradiation on nerve
      regeneration following injury have produced variable results. The effect of
      microwave treatment on the rat peroneal nerve after transection and anastomosis
      was analyzed by light and electron microscopy. The hindquarters were irradiated 1
      h/day during the first 10 days postoperative (dpo). The nerves were fixed in situ
      and prepared for microscopic analysis. At 10 dpo the distal segment of the
      degenerating nerve had several enlarged myelin sheath profiles devoid of
      axoplasm. The swelling was not significantly altered by microwave treatment, but
      the number and density of the empty myelin sheath profiles were three to four
      times greater in the treatment group. At 49 dpo the regenerating nerve segment
      had a 43% decrease in the nerve fiber diameter compared with a normal mean of 7
      microns. The number and density of remyelinated fibers showed a 50% increase in
      both treatment and control groups. Histologic evidence indicated no permanent
      enhancement on nerve regeneration by microwave treatment, even though the
      treatment may have delayed Wallerian degeneration.

PMID- 3709740
TI  - Early polyamine treatment accelerates regeneration of rat sympathetic neurons.
AB  - After injury of their axons, damaged neurons shift their metabolic activity into
      a reparative mode aimed at survival and regeneration or, alternatively, they
      undergo degeneration and die. Previous reports have shown that at the initial
      stages of the response to axonal injury, polyamines are essential for neuronal
      survival and can accelerate functional recovery. In this study we examined the
      ability of exogenous polyamines to accelerate regeneration following crush of the
      pre- or postganglionic sympathetic nerves of the superior cervical ganglion in
      adult rats. We found that early treatment with polyamines after pre- or
      postganglionic nerve crush, accelerated the reappearance of choline
      acetyltransferase activity in the superior cervical ganglion, and of
      [3H]norepinephrine uptake in the iris, respectively. Functional recovery from
      eyelid ptosis was also accelerated. We conclude that treatment with polyamines
      can enhance regeneration of peripheral sympathetic neurons.

PMID- 3709741
TI  - Fiber type and fiber size changes in selected thigh muscles six months after low
      thoracic spinal cord transection in adult cats: exercise effects.
AB  - The effects of low thoracic spinal cord transection on muscle weights, fiber type
      compositions and, fiber cross-sectional areas of selected hind limb muscles were
      studied. Adult cats were spinalized at T12 and maintained for approximately 6
      months. Some spinalized cats were exercised on a treadmill 30 min/day, 5
      days/week to determine the role of weight support in maintaining the muscle
      properties. Spinalization resulted in a significant decrease in the weights of
      most extensors, whereas the flexors or those that act as both flexors and
      extensors were maintained near control values. All muscles showed a significant
      increase in the percentage of fast-twitch fibers and decrease in slow oxidative
      fibers following spinalization. In addition, the predominant fast fiber type in
      each muscle tended to have the largest decrease in cross-sectional area in the
      spinalized cats. The atrophic and fiber type adaptations were less pronounced in
      the exercised cats. In contrast, the relative cross-sectional area of high
      oxidative fibers generally was similar among the three groups. These results
      demonstrated that the muscles below the level of the lesion became more "fast
      like" histochemically following spinal cord transection, whereas the oxidative
      properties were relatively unaffected. Further, daily exercise involving weight
      support appeared to be an important deterrent to these atrophic responses,
      particularly in the muscles that normally have a postural function (i.e., the
      slow extensors).

PMID- 3709742
TI  - Effect of aging on sensorimotor functions of eye and hand movements.
AB  - Changes in coordinated eye and hand movements with aging were studied in normal
      young and elderly subjects. Electrooculograms, flexor and extensor
      electromyograms, and potentials representing hand movements were recorded and
      used to evaluate the performance in aiming tasks. The parameters that reflect
      motor functions did not change significantly with aging in both eye and hand
      movements. However, elderly subjects commonly showed increases in reaction times
      of the initial (open-loop) movements in both eye and hand movements.
      Interestingly, the time increments were almost equivalent in these two
      functionally distinct motor systems. The durations of error-correcting (closed
      loop) movements also increased significantly with aging in both motor systems.
      These increases suggest that the aging effects are the manifestation of
      impairment in the sensory process.

PMID- 3709743
TI  - Compulsive attentive behavior after lesion of the ventral striatum in the cat: a
      behavioral and electrophysiological study.
AB  - Bilateral lesions of the nucleus accumbens in cat elicited the following changes:
      preservation in tests requiring focused attention, with difficulty to shift to
      other targets; paucity of movements, animals displaying moderate hypokinesia and
      loss of reaction to changes in the environment. These symptoms were accompanied
      by a significant increase in the amount of beta rhythms, an activity that has
      been shown to be concomitant with the development of focused attentive behavior.
      The observed behavioral and electrocortical modifications are opposite those that
      have been previously obtained in the same species after lesions of the ventral
      tegmental area.

PMID- 3709744
TI  - Motion sickness reflex arc bypasses the area postrema in cats.
AB  - Motion-induced vomiting was studied in cats exposed to vertical sinusoidal
      oscillation on a spring-suspended platform. Two groups of five cats each, namely,
      motion-untested and motion sickness-susceptible, were subjected to chronic
      ablation of the area postrema. Motion sickness occurred postoperatively in all
      the previously untested cats, and in four of the five previously susceptible
      cats. Statistical comparison with normal cats indicated that the operated cats
      were significantly more susceptible to motion sickness. The manifest loss of
      susceptibility in one cat with a lesion is attributed to excessive peripostremal
      damage. It is concluded from these results that the area postrema is not an
      essential link in the reflex arc of motion-induced vomiting.

PMID- 3709745
TI  - Alumina cream-induced focal motor seizures in cats: bilateral lesions of the
      mesencephalic reticular formation.
AB  - The effect of bilateral lesions of the mesencephalic reticular formation on the
      EEG-EMG patterns of types B and C alumina cream-induced focal motor seizures was
      studied in cats with chronically implanted electrode and cannula lesion systems.
      EEG patterns included number, amplitude, and contralateral propagation of type B
      spikes and occurrence and duration of type C tonic-clonic discharges. EMG
      patterns included changes in muscular multiple-unit activity time locked to the
      onset of type B spikes and to the onset and end of type C tonic-clonic EEG
      paroxysmal discharges. The lesions persistently blocked the orienting response to
      visual, auditory, and tactile stimuli to both sides in all cats and produced
      other neurologic symptoms partially or totally recovered in some cats. The
      lesions significantly increased the number, amplitude, and contralateral
      propagation of type B EEG spikes and the occurrence, but not the duration, of
      type C EEG tonic-clonic discharges. Ipsi- and contralateral adversion of the
      tonic phase were completely blocked and the muscular contractions of the clonic
      phase were reduced and delayed. These facts suggest that in intact epileptic
      cats, the mesencephalic reticular formation has an ascending suppressive
      influence on the mechanism related to EEG spike generation and precipitation of
      seizures but also a descending facilitatory control on the corticospinal
      epileptic impulses mediated through pyramidal and extrapyramidal pathways.

PMID- 3709746
TI  - Effect of antiglycolipid antisera on the lipid composition of cultured mouse
      spinal cords.
AB  - To examine the effect of antiglycolipid antibodies on demyelination, myelinated
      cultures of embryonic mouse spinal cords were treated by antigalactocerebroside
      (anti-GC), anti-GM1; and anti-GM4 antisera, and the lipid composition of the
      cultures were studied. The anti-GC antiserum-treated cultures, which exhibited
      severe morphologic signs of demyelination, revealed a significant reduction of
      cerebroside. The anti-GM4 or anti-GM1 antiserum-treated cultures, which exhibited
      mild degrees of demyelination, also had low contents of cerebroside. These
      results support our previous data showing that antiglycolipid antibodies cause
      demyelination in cultured mouse spinal cords, and suggest a possible role of
      myelin-specific glycolipids in the demyelination process.

PMID- 3709747
TI  - Increased synaptic contacts of catecholaminergic boutons in the cerebral cortex
      and paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus of rats after prenatal and perinatal
      ethanol exposure.
AB  - Prenatal/perinatal exposure to ethanol caused no obvious changes of
      catecholaminergic terminal density in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus.
      However, ethanol induced significant increases of catecholaminergic
      synaptogenesis in these two regions. Such increased catecholaminergic
      synaptogenesis may thus be a basis for the etiology of alcohol-induced
      hyperactive behavior.

PMID- 3709748
TI  - Plasmodium coatneyi: alterations of transcapillary escape rate and capillary
      permeability to fibrinogen in rhesus monkeys.
AB  - The transcapillary escape rate and plasma clearance of fibrinogen were studied in
      six rhesus monkeys infected with Plasmodium coatneyi as well as in six control
      monkeys using 131I-fibrinogen as a tracer. The mean transcapillary escape rate of
      fibrinogen in the infected group was significantly higher than that of the
      control group. Both plasma volume and plasma fibrinogen concentration were also
      elevated in the infected group, these resulting in a significantly higher
      intravascular fibrinogen mass, plasma clearance rate, and outflux of fibrinogen
      from the intravascular to the extravascular compartments. Both effective
      capillary pore area/unit path length available for restricted diffusion and the
      specific permeability coefficient of plasma fibrinogen in the infected monkeys
      were also found to be significantly higher than those of the control group. These
      findings indicated that there was an increased leakage of plasma fibrinogen from
      the circulation into the extravascular space which was due either to increased
      capillary surface area and/or to an increased capillary permeability in rhesus
      monkeys infected with P. coatneyi.

PMID- 3709749
TI  - Echinostoma revolutum: resistance to secondary and superimposed infections in
      mice.
AB  - A complete or almost complete resistance (94-100%) to a superimposed Echinostoma
      revolutum infection existed in mice harboring 20-, 30-, and 40-day-old infections
      in the range of 2-4 to 30-35 worms, but no resistance was found at challenge Day
      10. A similar high level of resistance (85-100%) also existed in mice for at
      least 6 weeks after natural expulsion of a primary 6 metacercarial infection and
      for at least 5 weeks after anthelmintic termination of a 30-day-old 20
      metacercarial infection. Thymus-deficient nude mice failed to develop resistance
      to a superimposed infection, and the resistance in normal mice was inhibited by
      corticosteroid treatment. These findings are all in favor of a host immune
      response being responsible for the resistance against both a secondary and a
      superimposed infection. Nearly all the worms of a superimposed infection were, in
      resistant mice, expelled prior to 24 hr following infection (rapid expulsion),
      and the few worms circumventing this early expulsion persisted for at least 8
      days. Newly excysted juvenile worms implanted intraduodenally into resistant mice
      were rejected to the same degree as juvenile worms from an oral metacercarial
      infection indicating that the newly excysted juvenile worms are the target of the
      host immune response. However, 7-day-old worms implanted intraduodenally into
      resistant mice survived indicating that adaptation to the host immune response
      had occurred. In conclusion, this host-parasite model is an example of
      concomitant immunity because the immunological mechanism responsible for the
      expulsion of the superimposed infection had no effect on the number of primary
      worms present.

PMID- 3709750
TI  - Schistosoma mansoni: cholesterol uptake by paired and unpaired worms.
AB  - Mature males and females of Schistosoma mansoni were incubated for 24 hr in
      medium containing [3H]cholesterol. Worms thus labeled were paired for 24 hr with
      unlabeled partners, in vitro or in vivo by surgical implantation into hamsters.
      Controls consisted of additional unlabeled worms that did not pair. Scintillation
      counting of thin layer chromatographic separations of lipid extracts of
      schistosome tissues and of the culture medium indicated that [3H]cholesterol
      underwent no major metabolic changes during the course of the experiment. During
      the period of time allowed for pairing, labeled worms lost up to 65% of their
      [3H]cholesterol, which was detected in the pairing medium. In both unlabeled
      males and females which had paired with labeled partners, levels of
      [3H]cholesterol were higher than in unpaired controls. This suggests that normal
      cholesterol transfer in worm pairs is bidirectional and that it is facilitated by
      physical contact between juxtaposed membranes. Cholesterol exchange in
      schistosome worm pairs may be partly or wholly a consequence of normal tegumental
      turnover of the molecule.

PMID- 3709751
TI  - Leishmania braziliensis: development of primary and satellite lesions in the
      experimentally infected owl monkey, Aotus trivirgatus.
AB  - Twelve male and 8 female feral owl monkeys, Aotus trivirgatus, were inoculated
      intradermally at the dorsal base of the tail with 2 X 10(7) promastigotes
      (strains WR 128 or WR 539) or 5 X 10(5) amastigotes (strain WR 128) of Leishmania
      braziliensis panamensis, and the progression and regression of subsequent lesions
      were examined for up to 13 or 54 weeks after inoculation. Three of these monkeys
      had been infected previously with L. donovani, had been treated with meglumine
      antimoniate, and had recovered clinically from visceral leishmaniasis. All
      monkeys developed a cutaneous nodule at the inoculation site, but the size of the
      nodule varied (maximum 78 to 326 mm2 between 4 and 16 weeks after inoculation.)
      The initial nodule became ulcerated after 4 to 8 weeks in 17 of the 20 monkeys,
      and the ulcers persisted for 4 to 16 weeks until covered by a crust. Primary
      lesions disappeared by 17 to 52 weeks after inoculation, but satellite lesions,
      of similar morphology to the primary lesions but smaller, developed after 4 to 21
      weeks in 14 of the monkeys. The primary nodule was excised in 4 monkeys at 6
      weeks and did not recur nor did satellite lesions subsequently develop. The
      satellite lesions (median total number of 4, range 1 to 25) were adjacent to or
      at a maximum distance of 6 cm from the primary lesion, varied in size from 3 to
      117 mm2, and persisted for 10 to 37 weeks. At 6 and 8 weeks after inoculation,
      tissue from the cutaneous leishmanial lesions from five monkeys was excised and
      examined. The granulomatous leishmanial lesions, located primarily in the dermis
      and subcutis, consisted of macrophages containing parasites, lymphocytes, plasma
      cells, and occasionally eosinophils. Satellite lesions at 14 weeks after
      inoculation were similar grossly and microscopically to the initial nodule. No
      significant differences were observed between promastigote or amastigote derived
      infections, between the two strains of L. b. panamensis, or between the course of
      infection based on the sex, age, karyotype, or country of origin of the owl
      monkeys. Cutaneous lesions developed when 5 X 10(5) amastigotes of L. b.
      panamensis (strain WR 128) were inoculated intradermally into the dorsal base of
      the tail, the upper eyelid, and the thorax of three monkeys. Leishmanial nodules
      which developed on the thorax regressed rapidly (after 2 to 5 weeks) whereas
      those on the upper eyelid and at the dorsal base of the tail persisted for 5 to
      45 weeks after inoculation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3709752
TI  - Giardia lamblia: electrophysiology and ultrastructure of cytopathology in
      cultured epithelial cells.
AB  - The pathogenicity of Giardia lamblia is a subject of debate. Some studies of
      human biopsy material have mentioned the presence of trophozoites inside the
      intestinal mucosa, while in others, flagellates have only been found attached to
      the epithelium. To study the possible cytopathic effects of G. lamblia cultured
      under axenic conditions, trophozoites of the human 1/Portland and WB strains were
      placed in contact with monolayers of Madin Derby Canine Kidney cells, a well
      characterized cell strain with morphological and functional properties similar to
      those of a transporting epithelium. After 24 and 48 hr of interaction, the effect
      of the parasite on epithelial cells was assessed by transmission, scanning, and
      freeze fracture electron microscopy. In addition, the possible action of living
      trophozoites and sonicates of G. lamblia on the transepithelial resistance of
      MDCK monolayers mounted in Ussing chambers was analyzed for periods varying up to
      48 hr. The results demonstrate that G. lamblia trophozoites do not invade
      epithelial monolayers. Furthermore, the parasites fail to produce cytoplasmic
      changes on target cells and have no effect on transepithelial resistance as
      judged both electrophysiologically and by the failure to open the occluding
      junctions that bind together epithelial cells. Damage induced by the parasites to
      cultured cells was limited to focal distortion or depletion of microvilli at the
      site of adhesion, which may progress to leave circular areas devoid of
      microvilli, different from the adhesion marks reported by others for G. muris.
      Therefore, under the in vitro conditions described here, giardias showed no toxic
      or invasive effect.

PMID- 3709753
TI  - Toxocara canis: interaction of human blood eosinophils with the infective larvae.
AB  - This study was carried out to investigate the nature of the immunological
      responses which took place in a child who had recently recovered from
      toxocariasis. She had developed a marked eosinophilia and had high titers of
      toxocara antibodies. Experiments were performed to examine whether Toxocara canis
      infective larvae could be killed in the presence of her serum and human
      eosinophils. Eosinophils with human complement, or this patient's serum, adhered
      to the surface of the larvae within 10 min. By 40 min, using both light and
      electron microscopy, it was shown that the cells had flattened against the
      cuticle and degranulated. However, by 3 hr, eosinophils had begun to detach, and
      the larvae remained alive for at least 1 week afterward. Further addition of
      serum or of eosinophils, which were shown to be able to immobilize T. spiralis
      infective larvae, failed to kill the T. canis larvae. It was concluded that, in
      this patient, the development of an inflammatory response to a T. canis infection
      was not associated with the appearance of antibodies capable of inducing
      eosinophil dependent toxicity to the larvae in vitro. Eosinophil dependent
      killing mechanisms may be less important than other components of the immune
      response, in immunity to this parasite in humans.

PMID- 3709754
TI  - Trypanosoma brucei: release of variant surface glycoprotein during the parasite
      life cycle.
AB  - African trypanosome variant surface antigen, which was released from the
      Trypanosoma brucei parasite at two stages in its life cycle, has been
      characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the
      presence of 4 M urea. Variant surface antigen released as exoantigen into the
      bloodstream of infected rats resembled the soluble form of the surface antigen.
      Variant surface antigen released from parasites undergoing transformation to the
      uncoated procyclic stage was detected as two molecular species: soluble variant
      surface antigen and a cleavage product of variant surface antigen. The data
      presented are consistent with enzymatic cleavage of the variant surface antigen C
      terminal hydrophobic moiety operating to release parasite surface coat from
      living parasites.

PMID- 3709755
TI  - Effect of air ions on healing of wounds of rat skin.
AB  - Rat skin was deprived of epidermis and the wound was exposed to ions generated
      with Bion 80 apparatus, for 3 h, just after wounding, only once. In comparison
      with the control, positive air ions retarded and negative air ions accelerated
      the wound healing. This effect was almost the same when air, nitrogen, oxygen and
      carbon dioxide were applied. A direct action of air ions is suggested.

PMID- 3709756
TI  - Comparative investigation of some mineral elements in the aortic wall and the
      calcium concentration in hair.
AB  - The authors checked the mineral content of the abdominal aorta in 73 men and
      women against their calcium content of hair in autopsy material. It was stated
      that decreased level of haircalcium considerably precedes the start of the
      calcification process in vessels, thus its measuring may call attention to
      balance troubles of calcium metabolism in time. Despite the picture generally
      formed and considered to interpret the results uniformly, it was observed that if
      the calcium level of hair and the abdominal aorta calcium content, as well as the
      general sclerotic state are examined in the case of the same diseased person,
      they may not be in accordance sometimes. This can be in connection with the
      subjective determination of the general sclerotic state of the deceased person.
      This also seems to support the measurement of changes in the calcium content of
      hair, preceding arteriosclerotic organic manifestation. Finally, in their study
      the authors are dealing with mutual connections of the calcium content of hair
      and some trace elements of the aorta, as well as with relations of aortic trace
      elements to one another.

PMID- 3709757
TI  - Evaluation of environmental carcinogens by carcinogen-specific test systems.

PMID- 3709758
TI  - Carotid body volumes of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) growing up in
      hypobaric hypoxia.
AB  - Chronically hypoxic spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) developed 4-5 times
      bigger carotid bodies in relation to age-matched normoxic control SHR. When
      compared with the effects of chronic hypoxic hypoxia the influences of different
      levels of the systemic arterial blood pressure on carotid body volume were rather
      small. The data indicate that the carotid bodies of young SHR react to chronic
      arterial hypoxia in the same way as the glomera carotici of normotensive Wistar
      rats.

PMID- 3709759
TI  - Ultrastructural study of malonaldehyde-induced arterial lesions in chickens.
AB  - The effects of malonaldehyde on the arteries of chickens were studied in a 4-week
      treatment of a subcutaneous injection of 1 ml of 50% malonaldehyde in corn oil
      per kg of body weight 3 times a week and/or ad libitum feeding of a 1%
      cholesterol containing diet. The malonaldehyde had little effect on plasma
      cholesterol and triglyceride levels. However, degenerate cells without stainable
      lipid were frequently observed in the arteries of these chickens. Ad libitum
      feeding of a 1% cholesterol-containing diet produced no significant degenerative
      changes in the arterial smooth muscle cells. A combination treatment of
      cholesterol feeding and malonaldehyde injections resulted in a significant
      increase in the number of degenerate cells without stainable lipid and lipid
      containing cells in the plaque of the abdominal aortas. These results indicate
      that malonaldehyde is a potent angiotoxin.

PMID- 3709760
TI  - Distribution of lysozyme in guinea pigs: implications for the function of
      gastrointestinal lysozyme in herbivores.
AB  - High levels of gastrointestinal lysozyme were present in the stomach of guinea
      pigs, but not in other portions of the gastrointestinal tract. Because the cecum
      is the fermentation organ of guinea pigs, these observations call into question
      the validity of the current hypothesis that the gastrointestinal lysozyme of
      herbivores functions in the digestion of bacteria from the anterior fermentation
      organ.

PMID- 3709761
TI  - Activity-induced thermogenesis in lean and genetically obese (ob/ob) mice.
AB  - Motor activity was approximately 60% lower in genetically obese than in lean
      mice, during three consecutive hours at thermal neutrality. It is suggested that
      this must have contributed to the lower heat production measured in the obese
      mice and that activity-induced thermogenesis contributes significantly to
      differences in energy expenditure between the genotypes, at least in the short
      term.

PMID- 3709762
TI  - Alopecia induced in young mice by exposure to excess dietary zinc.
AB  - Second generation mice were exposed to normal (50 ppm, Group I) or excess (2000
      ppm, Group II) zinc in the maternal diet during gestation and lactation, then
      weaned and continued on the mother's diet until sacrifice at 8 weeks. Tibia zinc
      reflected dietary intake. Group II had reduced plasma copper, body weight, and
      hematocrit; the second coat of hair appeared late and was lighter in color than
      Group I, possibly as an effect of copper and pigmentation development and hair
      growth.

PMID- 3709763
TI  - The pineal gland is very large and active in newborn antarctic seals.
AB  - The pineal gland of newborn elephant seals and Weddell seals is larger than in
      adult females. The gland is considerably larger at birth in Weddell seals than in
      elephant seals. The former experience greater extremes of temperature. Plasma
      melatonin concentrations in excess of 2000 pg/ml were recorded in the first days
      of life, compared with 20-50 pg/ml in adults.

PMID- 3709764
TI  - The effect of the phytoalexins, lubimin, (-)-maackiain, pinosylvin, and the
      related compounds dehydroloroglossol and hordatine M on human lymphoblastoid cell
      lines.
AB  - We have tested the effect of the phytoalexins lubimin, (-)-maackiain and
      pinosylvin and the related compounds dehydroloroglossol and hordatine M on the
      growth of the human lymphoblastoid cell lines Molt and Raji. (-)-maackiain,
      pinosylvin and dehydroloroglossol showed significant growth inhibitory action on
      the cells. Suppression of [3H] thymidine and [3H] leucine uptake was tested and
      noted in pinosylvin and dehydroloroglossol. The phytoalexins and related
      compounds are widespread in plants and provide a potential source of
      antineoplastic substances.

PMID- 3709766
TI  - The protective effect of Thiola against the genotoxic action of benzo(a)pyrene.
AB  - The protective effect of Thiola against the genotoxicity, induced by
      benzo(a)pyrene, in vitro and in vivo, was investigated. By association of Thiola
      to benzo(a)pyrene a significant decrease of the numerical and structural
      chromosome aberrations and a reduction of the incidence of c-mitoses has been
      obtained in human diploid cells, i.e. human embryonic lung fibroblasts of the
      cell-line ICP-23, and C56B1/6 mouse bone marrow cells.

PMID- 3709765
TI  - Mitochondrial activity: a possible determinant of anoxic injury in renal medulla.
AB  - In brain, heart and kidney, cell work in the absence of oxygen has been thought
      to precipitate anoxic damage by increasing the rate of depletion of cellular
      energy stores. In the medullary thick ascending limb of isolated perfused rat
      kidneys, however, reduction of ATP synthesis by a variety of mitochondrial or
      metabolic inhibitors caused ATP depletion comparable to that produced by oxygen
      deprivation but did not reproduce the lesions of anoxia. In these cells,
      unrestrained mitochondrial activity may be an important source of anoxic injury.

PMID- 3709767
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of Cefoxitin and related
      chemical compounds.

PMID- 3709768
TI  - [Inhibition of lithogenesis by ethylphosphocitrate].

PMID- 3709769
TI  - Local tolerance evaluation of intramuscular drug preparations.

PMID- 3709770
TI  - Monitoring by headspace gaschromatography (HSGC) of formation and thermal
      stability of terpene beta-cyclodextrin complexes.

PMID- 3709771
TI  - [Effect of antibiotics on D-serotonin-reactive structures].
AB  - Experiments on the isolated organs showed that ampicillin and levomycetin have
      pronounced D-antiserotoninergic effects; antagonism of antibodies and serotonin
      was found to be of competitive type. At an increase in levomycetin dosage D
      antiserotoninergic effect was followed by the spasmolytic effect. Kefzol and
      benzylpenicillin failed to show any D-antiserotonin-ergic properties.

PMID- 3709772
TI  - [Effect of the sodium salt of galbanic acid on erythrocyte aggregation in an
      experiment].
AB  - Sodium salt of galbanic acid, a derivative of 7-hydroxycoumarin, was shown to
      decrease erythrocyte aggregation both in vitro and in vivo at a single
      intravenous and repeated oral administration.

PMID- 3709773
TI  - [Immunopharmacological activity of perfluorotributylamine].
AB  - It was shown in experiments on mice that the chemically inert compound
      perfluortributylamine has sufficiently expressed immunopharmacological activity.
      Its intraperitoneal administration causes a drop in the immune response of mice,
      immunized with sheep erythrocytes. These animals had a marked durable resistance
      to the soporific action of hexenal.

PMID- 3709774
TI  - [Chronopharmacological characteristics of the action of dehydrocholic acid on
      bile formation].
AB  - Peculiarities of the liver response to dehydrocholic acid, conditioned by the
      time of its administration during the day and by the seasons of the year were
      revealed in experiments on random bred mature white rats. The dependence of this
      reaction on the time factor was manifested in all the main indicators of
      cholopoiesis--in the rate of bile secretion, synthesis and secretion of bile
      acids and bilirubin, cholesterol excretion.

PMID- 3709775
TI  - [Competitive interrelations between bilirubin and x-ray contrast agents in
      binding with human serum albumin].
AB  - It was shown that bilirubin can be a fluorescent probe for human serum albumin.
      Parameters of the interaction of bilirubin with albumin were determined. It was
      found that bilimin and iopanoate decrease affinity of bilirubin to strongly and
      poorly binding areas of human serum albumin, biliognost and endobil predominantly
      to its poorly binding sites, and iodamide and verografin exert no influence on
      binding of bilirubin with albumin. It is concluded that in the clinical practice
      it is necessary to take into consideration the possibility of an increase in the
      blood level of free bilirubin in patients during cholecystography with the use of
      contrast media.

PMID- 3709776
TI  - [Effect of fenibut on cardiac hemodynamics in experimental hypertension from the
      aspect of age].
AB  - The effect of phenibut on cardiodynamics in 6-7-week-old rats and 14-16-week-old
      rats with spontaneous, renal and situational hypertension was studied in a 14-day
      chronic experiment. Phenibut in doses of 25 (young rats) and 50 (adult rats),
      mg/kg orally was found to exert the pressor effect in the first week and the
      hypotensive effect in the second week. In both age groups of rats with
      situational hypertension phenibut decreased arterial blood pressure.

PMID- 3709777
TI  - [Effect of diuretics on the course of experimental arrhythmias].
AB  - The protective effect of triamterene was demonstrated on aconitine (rats) and
      strophanthin (cats) models of arrhythmias. Furosemide potentiates the
      antiarrhythmic effects of calcium chloride (rats) and strophanthin, ethacrynic
      acid potentiates the arrhythmogenic action of all agents used.

PMID- 3709778
TI  - [Comparative effectiveness of the anti-inflammatory action of diuretics and
      butadione in an experiment].
AB  - Dichlothiazide and butadione were shown to attenuate equally the development of
      the rat paw inflammatory edema induced by subplantar dextran administration.
      Ethacrynic acid produced more pronounced antiedematous effect. Also, ethacrynic
      acid reduced to the highest degree the damp and dry mass of the inflammatory
      granuloma. Oxadoline and butadione considerably inhibit the formation of
      granuloma as well. The combined use of diuretics and butadione did not lead to a
      mutual potentiation of the antiinflammatory effect in exudative and proliferative
      inflammation.

PMID- 3709779
TI  - [Mechanisms of the damage to the liver monooxygenase systems in thermal
      ischemia].
AB  - It was shown in experiments in vitro that thermal ischemia of liver tissue leads
      to disorders in the function of membrane-bound microsomal monooxygenases.
      Disorders in the structural organization of membranes were also expressed in the
      inhibition of reactions of ascorbate-depending and fermentative peroxide
      oxidation of lipids and labilization of lysosomal membranes. Faults in the rate
      of amidopyrine n-demethylation and aniline n-hydroxylation correlate with the
      intensification of spontaneous peroxidation of lipids and activation of
      proteolytic processes in ischemia. The obtained data permitted to ground the
      approach to pharmacological prophylaxis of ischemic damages of liver microsomal
      monooxygenases.

PMID- 3709780
TI  - [Sensitivity of zymosan-induced mononuclear liver infiltrates to hydrocortisone].
AB  - Experiments on mice showed that administration of hydrocortisone (125 mg/kg) 2
      and 24 hours before and 2 and 24 hours after intravenous injection of zymosan
      granules in a dose of 2 mg per animal fails to prevent the formation of
      mononuclear infiltrates in the liver but delays their development.

PMID- 3709782
TI  - [Alcoholic intoxication and the gamma-aminobutyric acid system of the brain in
      exposure to pantogam and fenibut].

PMID- 3709781
TI  - [Effect of aevite and riboflavin on the electrolyte balance in the wall of the
      hepatic blood vessels in experimental toxic hepatitis].
AB  - The effects of aevite and riboflavin on electrolyte balance in the vessel wall
      were studied in toxic hepatitis in the cat. Significant changes in the contents
      of Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions in the hepatic blood vessels were found in all
      periods of observation. The treatment of toxic hepatitis with aevite and
      riboflavin results in normalization of electrolyte balance of the vessel wall.

PMID- 3709783
TI  - [Method of evaluating the duration of spinal anesthesia in an experiment].
AB  - A method for the evaluation of local anesthetics for spinal anesthesia according
      to changes in motor activity of hind limbs of the rat is proposed.

PMID- 3709784
TI  - [Method of administering drugs into the pancreas in the form of an aerosol].
AB  - The treatment of 19 patients with acute and chronic pancreatitis by application
      of drug aerosols into the retroperitoneal space to the focus of affection, the
      inflamed pancreas, is described. The new method was shown to have some
      advantages.

PMID- 3709785
TI  - [Computational method for determining the Michaelis-Menten constant and the
      maximum value of effect].
AB  - The method for computation of the Michaelis-Menten constant and the maximum value
      of effect with the intermediate conversion of the data in the Lineweaver-Burk
      plot is described.

PMID- 3709786
TI  - New long-acting 3-azinomethyl-rifamycins.
AB  - A number of basic 3-azinomethyl-rifamycins have been prepared. Their synthesis
      and antibacterial activity in vitro are reported, as well as the preliminary
      pharmacokinetic data. While the antimicrobial activity is comparable with that of
      rifampicin, serum levels in mice are much longer lasting. One of the compounds
      was selected for further studies.

PMID- 3709787
TI  - [Compounds with anti-gastric secretion and antiulcer activity. V. Derivatives of
      3,3,4a,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H,5H-benzo [1,4]cyclohep[1,2-b][1,4]-oxazine and
      related products].
AB  - A series of hexahydrobenzo[3,4]cyclohept[1,2-b][1,4]oxazines, with different
      substituents at the benzene and oxazine rings and nitrogen atom, was synthetized.
      The diastereomers and enantiomers of the unsubstituted compound and the related
      derivatives hexahydrobenzo[5,6] and exahydrobenzo[6,7]cyclohept[1,2
      b][1,4]oxazine, hexahydro[1]benzoxepine and hexahydro[1]benzothiepin[5,4
      b][1,4]oxazine, octahydrobenzo[3,4]cyclohept[1,2-b][1,4]diazine were also
      prepared. Some of these compounds inhibited at low doses gastric secretion in
      pylorus-ligated rats and antagonized ulcers in pylorus-ligated rats plus
      acetylsalicylic acid and in cold+restraint-stressed rats. When the most active
      compounds were tested on cats with Heidenhain pouch, they induced unwanted side
      effects that ruled out further development of these chemical series.

PMID- 3709788
TI  - [Benzoxazolinone phenylethanolamine antagonists of adrenergic receptors. A
      chemical and pharmacodynamic study].
AB  - Benzoxazolinone can be considered as a bioisosteric analogue of pyrocatechol.
      This concept has led to the synthesis of benzoxazolinonic phenylethanolamines.
      The pharmacological study shows that these compounds possess an affinity for
      adrenergic receptors. Compound (XXXIV), the most interesting, is a competitive
      alpha and beta adrenergic antagonist which has been studied for antihypertensive
      activity.

PMID- 3709789
TI  - N,N-disubstituted 4-amino-3-chloroangelicins: interactions with DNA in the ground
      and in the excited states (365 nm).
AB  - The interactions between three N,N-disubstituted 4-amino-3-chloroangelicins and
      DNA in the ground and in the excited states have been examined. The three
      compounds form a molecular complex with DNA in the dark, but to a quite different
      extent. Spectrophotometric and fluorimetric data suggest that while 3-chloro-4
      dimethylaminoangelicin (III) undergoes intercalation between two phase pairs of
      DNA, the compounds i.e. 3-chloro-4-methylphenyl amino angelicin (I) and its 5,6
      dihydroderivative (II) should not undergo intercalation. Compound (I) photobinds
      to DNA to an extent similar to that of parent angelicin, while compound (III)
      photobinds to the macromolecule much more effectively. This fact may be
      attributed to the more suitable type of molecular complex (intercalation) formed
      by compound (III) with the macromolecular in respect to that formed by compound
      (I). The observed very low ability of compound (II) both to form a complex and to
      photobind with DNA can be ascribed primarily to the marked modification of the
      chromophore due to the saturation of the 5,6 double bond in the central benzene
      ring.

PMID- 3709790
TI  - [Substances with antibacterial and antifungal activity. I. Synthesis and
      microbiologic activity of imidazolylmethylanilines].
AB  - The synthesis and antifungal activities of many derivatives of 1-(2
      imidazolylmethyl)aniline and of 1-(4-imidazolylmethyl)aniline are reported.
      Antimicrobial data in comparison with miconazole show that many compounds
      containing chlorine atoms and nitro group exhibit an interesting antimycotic
      activity. The results obtained are discussed on the basis of structure-activity
      relationships.

PMID- 3709791
TI  - [Preparation and pharmacologic activity of 1-dimethylaminopropyl-3-methyl-6
      chlorquinoxaline-2(1H)-one].
AB  - In continuation of previous research 1-dimetilaminopropyl-3-methyl-6
      chlorquinoxaline-2(1H)-one was prepared. This compound shows affects on
      conditioned avoidance response together with analgesic action and inhibition of
      explorative activity, while it induces only a small degree of motor
      incoordination and does not protect the animals from toxic doses of strychinine
      and physostigmine.

PMID- 3709792
TI  - Changes in the interaction between CNS cholinergic and dopaminergic neurons
      induced by L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine, a cholinomimetic drug.
AB  - The present study investigates the cholinomimetic properties of the drug L-alpha
      glycerylphosphorylcholine (alpha-GPC) at CNS level. Experiments using tritium
      labelled alpha-GPC indicate that the drug reaches the brain after i.p. and per os
      administration. In order to study the cholinomimetic properties of this drug an
      indirect functional index of cholinergic activation was used. In fact cholinergic
      agonists induce an activation of striatal dopaminergic output. alpha-GPC both
      i.p. and per os administered increased striatal dihydroxyphenylacetic acid
      (DOPAC) content. In addition, the in vitro K+ stimulated dopamine release was
      increased in rats treated in vivo with alpha-GPC. Since alpha-GPC has a weak
      displacing activity in QNB binding, the in vivo cholinergic activity might be due
      to the fact that this drug may increase the availability of choline for
      acetylcholine synthesis leading to increased acetylcholine production. This
      activity may be useful in those situations such as aging in which cholinergic
      activity is deficient.

PMID- 3709793
TI  - Inhibition of protein synthesis by the beta-subunit of spectrin.
AB  - The 220 kDa beta-subunit of erythroid cell spectrin is a potent inhibitor of
      protein synthesis in lysates from rabbit reticulocytes. On the basis of weight of
      protein added to a lysate reaction mixture, it has about half the inhibitory
      activity of highly purified heme-regulated eIF-2 alpha kinase. Inhibition appears
      to be at the level of peptide initiation but does not involve a kinase that
      phosphorylates eIF-2 on its alpha-subunit.

PMID- 3709794
TI  - The effect of iron and agar on production of hydrogen peroxide by stimulated and
      activated mouse peritoneal macrophages.
AB  - The effect of iron on H2O2 production by mouse peritoneal macrophages exposed to
      opsonised zymosan has been investigated. Macrophages elicited with thioglycollate
      broth produced less H2O2 than macrophages activated by Corynebacterium parvum,
      and levels were not affected by prior incubation of the cells with 0.1 mM iron
      nitrilotriacetate. However, preincubation with the iron chelator desferrioxamine
      (1 mM) reduced H2O2 production by both types of macrophages. Incubation of
      macrophages with agar, a component of thioglycollate broth, also reduced H2O2
      production, particularly by C. parvum-activated macrophages. The results indicate
      that although iron appears to be necessary for H2O2 production by macrophages,
      the low level of production by thioglycollate-elicited macrophages is not due to
      an inadequate level of metabolically utilisable iron, but may be a result of
      prior ingestion of agar present in the broth.

PMID- 3709795
TI  - Highly selective affinity labelling of RNA polymerase B (II) from wheat germ.
AB  - DNA-dependent RNA polymerase B (II) from wheat germ was modified by incubation
      with 4-[N-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl]benzaldehyde esters of AMP, ADP or ATP,
      followed by reduction with NaBH4. Reaction of the modified enzyme with [alpha
      32P]UTP in the presence of various DNA templates led to a highly selective
      affinity labelling of the subunit with Mr 140 000 by covalently linked ApU.
      Labelling was inhibited by 1 microgram/ml alpha-amanitin.

PMID- 3709796
TI  - Tick-borne encephalitis virus genome. The nucleotide sequence coding for virion
      structural proteins.
AB  - RNA of a flavivirus, tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV; strain Sofjin), was
      subjected to reverse transcription and the DNA copy was transformed into double
      stranded DNA by the action of E. coli DNA-polymerase I (Klenow fragment). This
      DNA was annealed with plasmid pBR322. The recombinant plasmids were cloned in E.
      coli K802. The nucleotide sequence of the inserts of the clones, coding for
      region structural proteins C, M, E and nonstructural protein NS1, was determined
      by the Maxam-Gilbert method. The genes of structural proteins form a compact
      cluster. Homology has been studied of the TBEV sequences found with the
      structures of proteins and RNAs of other flaviviruses, yellow fever virus and
      West Nile virus, and a high degree of homology was found.

PMID- 3709797
TI  - Chromatin superstructure. A study with an immobilized trypsin.
AB  - Hen erythrocyte chromatin was treated with trypsin immobilized on collagen
      membranes and the unfolding of chromatin fiber was followed by light scattering
      at 90 degrees and flow linear dichroism. Chromatin was found almost completely
      decondensed when the bulk of H1 and H5 was digested while H3 was still intact.
      Further digestion leading to degradation of both H3 and the rest of H1 and H5
      accounted for no more than 10-15% of the total effect. When chromatin with
      trypsin-cleaved H1 and H5 was titrated with increasing amounts of spermidine it
      folded similarly to the control sample. This finding suggests that charge
      neutralization appears a likely mechanism for maintaining the structure of the 30
      nm chromatin fiber by the C-terminal domain of H1 and H5.

PMID- 3709798
TI  - Activation by phorbol esters of protein kinase C in MCF-7 human breast cancer
      cells.
AB  - Exposure of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells to the phorbol ester 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) leads to the inhibition of cell
      proliferation. We investigate here the short-term effects of TPA on subcellular
      distribution of protein kinase C, and on protein phosphorylation in cultured MCF
      7 cells. We report a rapid and dramatic decrease in cytosolic protein kinase C
      activity after TPA treatment. Only 30% of the enzymatic activity lost in the
      cytosol was recovered in the particulate fraction. These data suggest that
      subcellular translocation of protein kinase C is accompanied by a rapid down
      regulation of the enzyme (70%). Furthermore, TPA and other protein kinase C
      activators rapidly induce the phosphorylation of a 28 kDa protein in intact MCF-7
      cells. Phorbol esters devoid of tumor-promoting activity are ineffective both for
      inducing these early biochemical events and for inhibiting cell proliferation.

PMID- 3709799
TI  - Solubility-determining domain of smooth muscle myosin rod.
AB  - Chymotryptic digestion of chicken gizzard light meromyosin (LMM) produced a 72
      kDa core fragment, which was fully soluble at 150 mM KCl, pH 6.5-7.5. The
      fragment showed weak self-association at 50 mM KCl. The homology of the N
      terminus amino acid sequence of this fragment with the sequence of the rabbit
      skeletal myosin rod suggested that the N-terminus of the core fragment originated
      5 kDa from the hinge common to both smooth and skeletal myosin rod. Sedimentation
      experiments indicated that the domain specifying the insolubility of the intact
      LMM was 13 kDa long. Progressive proteolytic shortening of this region produced
      LMM fragments of progressively increasing solubility. Electron microscopy of
      segments formed from full-length LMM and from LMM core suggested that this 13 kDa
      domain specified the 43 nm parallel and antiparallel molecular overlaps
      characteristic of self-assembled intact myosin.

PMID- 3709800
TI  - Putrescine may be a natural stimulator of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.
AB  - The possible relationship between pyridoxal phosphate-dependent ornithine
      decarboxylase (ODC) activity and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)
      activity has been studied in the osteoblasts of the growth-plate of metatarsals
      of rats fed a pyridoxine-deficient diet, which caused depressed G6PD levels. The
      G6PD activity was fully restored when it was assayed in the presence of
      putrescine. It is suggested that this relationship may account for the
      correlation generally found between growth and ODC activity.

PMID- 3709801
TI  - Na+-coupled D-glucose uptake and membrane order of enterocyte brush border
      membrane vesicles, under the effect of a series of N-phenylcarbamates.
AB  - The importance of the hydrophobic effect of exogenous substances and of
      modifications of membrane order on D-glucose uptake are still poorly defined. Our
      results show that the concentrative Na+ -coupled D-glucose uptake of rat
      enterocyte brush border membrane vesicles is inhibited by N-phenylcarbamates
      increase the membrane order. However, since the concentrations required for
      membrane order increase are much greater than those active on D-glucose uptake,
      the effects on lipid order cannot be responsible for the inhibition of D-glucose
      uptake. Measurements of D-glucose uptake under conditions of Na+ equilibrium show
      that these carbamates do not act directly on the carrier but indirectly by
      favouring the dissipation of the Na+ gradient.

PMID- 3709802
TI  - Adenosine transporters in chromaffin cells. Quantification by dipyridamol
      monoacetate.
AB  - Chromaffin cells from bovine adrenal medulla are a useful model to approach
      adenosine transport and metabolism in neural cells. Dipyridamol has been shown to
      be an adenosine transport inhibitor with high affinity. To quantify the adenosine
      transporters a labelled dipyridamol analogue, [14C]dipyridamol acetate, was
      synthesized. This compound had a Ki = 5.3 +/- 0.43 nM according to the Dixon
      method, and 4.58 +/- 0.46 nM when the receptor number molarity was taken into
      account showing, like dipyridamol, a non-competitive mechanism. The high-affinity
      receptors present in chromaffin cells showed a Kd = 6.8 +/- 0.8 nM and the
      receptor number was 630 000 +/- 40 000 per cell.

PMID- 3709803
TI  - Glucagon-stimulated respiration and intracellular Ca2+.
AB  - The effects of extra- and intracellular Ca2+ on glucagon-stimulated respiration
      were examined in perfused rat liver. Glucagon increased the uptake of O2 to a
      significantly greater extent in Ca2+-containing perfusate than in Ca2+-free
      perfusate. If, however, the livers were perfused first with Ca2+-containing
      perfusate for 60 min in order to load the hormone-sensitive Ca2+ pool(s) and
      subsequently with Ca2+-free perfusate, glucagon was able to stimulate O2 uptake
      to the same extent in Ca2+-free, as in Ca2+-containing perfusate. These
      experiments support previous observations of a connection between Ca2+ and the
      hormonal stimulation of respiration, but indicate a role for intracellular,
      rather than extracellular, Ca2+ in the process.

PMID- 3709804
TI  - Amino acid sequence of rubredoxin from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans strain 27774.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of a rubredoxin from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (strain
      27774) has been determined. Comparison with rubredoxins from other species
      reveals pervasive homology, including the regions known to provide the cysteine
      ligands to the iron atom in several rubredoxins. Neither an extra cysteinyl
      residue nor a unique histidyl residue in the new sequence is located in the
      sequence in such a way that, by homology, a functional role in the structure is
      suggested.

PMID- 3709805
TI  - Peroxisomal alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase deficiency in primary
      hyperoxaluria type I.
AB  - Activities of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase in the livers of two patients
      with primary hyperoxaluria type I were substantially lower than those found in
      five control human livers. Detailed subcellular fractionation of one of the
      hyperoxaluric livers, compared with a control liver, showed that there was a
      complete absence of peroxisomal alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase. This enzyme
      deficiency explains most of the biochemical characteristics of the disease and
      means that primary hyperoxaluria type I should be added to the rather select list
      of peroxisomal disorders.

PMID- 3709806
TI  - Participation of tumor killing factor in the antitumor effect of Sarcophaga
      lectin.
AB  - Antibody against tumor-killing factor inhibited cytotoxic activities produced in
      vitro by mouse peritoneal macrophages and in vivo in the serum of tumor-bearing
      mice in response to Sarcophaga lectin. These results suggest that tumor-killing
      factor participates in the antitumor effect of Sarcophaga lectin.

PMID- 3709807
TI  - Isolation and characterization of variant IGF-1 as well as IGF-2 from adult human
      brain.
AB  - The forms of somatomedin present in the adult human brain have been characterized
      in this study. Two peptides were purified by acidification, size exclusion
      chromatography, affinity chromatography, FPLC and HPLC. Structural analysis
      identified these peptides as the variant form of IGF-1 with a truncated N
      terminal region earlier isolated from human fetal brain and IGF-2. The presence
      of the truncated IGF-1 variant and IGF-2 in the human CNS suggests their role as
      neuropeptides.

PMID- 3709808
TI  - Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase from electric eel by (-)-and (+)-physostigmine
      and related compounds.
AB  - Unnatural (+)-physostigmine (2) inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from
      electric eel considerably less than natural (-)-physostigmine (1), but 2 may
      because of its possible lower toxicity still be an interesting anticholinesterase
      agent. (-)-Eseroline (3), a major metabolite of (-)-physostigmine (1) and a
      potent narcotic analgetic, and its unnatural (+)-antipode (4), were both poor
      inhibitors of the enzyme. (-)-Dihydrosecophysostigmine (5), a ring-open analog of
      (-)-physostigmine was less, but (-)-N-methylphysostigmine (6) much more potent
      than the natural alkaloid. The availability of compounds related to (-)- and (+)
      physostigmine by improved chemical synthesis suggests that further structural
      variation may well lead to other biologically interesting AChE inhibitors.

PMID- 3709809
TI  - Inhibitory effect of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate on acid secretion by
      rat stomach in vivo.
AB  - The effect of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) on acid secretion by rat
      stomach in vivo has been investigated to establish whether a previously
      determined inhibitory effect of TPA on aminopyrine accumulation by isolated
      parietal cells genuinely reflected a reduced acid secretion. Perfusion of 1
      microM TPA through the lumen of the stomach had little effect on basal or
      carbachol-stimulated secretion, but inhibited secretion induced by histamine or
      pentagastrin. 4 alpha-Phorbol 12,13-didecanoate did not affect pentagastrin
      stimulated secretion. It is concluded that TPA exerts a specific inhibitory
      effect on acid secretion in vivo, which parallels that found on aminopyrine
      accumulation in isolated parietal cells.

PMID- 3709810
TI  - TLC immunostaining characterization of Clostridium botulinum type A neurotoxin
      binding to gangliosides and free fatty acids.
AB  - The receptor structure of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin type A was analysed by
      TLC immunostaining. GQ1b was found to be the most potent receptor, and the
      neurotoxin also bound to GT1b and GD1a, but not to GM3, GM2, GM1, GD3, GD1b and
      GT1a. Optimum binding of neurotoxin to the ganglioside appeared in 0.01 M
      phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) containing 0.2% NaCl. Higher and lower NaCl
      concentrations diminished neurotoxin binding to the ganglioside. In addition, the
      neurotoxin was able to bind to free fatty acids. Maximum binding was observed on
      stearic acid and neurotoxin binding to free fatty acids was not affected by NaCl
      concentration.

PMID- 3709811
TI  - A suppressive role of c-kinase for the stimulation of hepatic ketogenesis by
      glucagon and epinephrine.
AB  - The regulatory mechanism of hepatic palmitate oxidation into ketone bodies by c
      kinase has been studied in isolated hepatocytes. Glucagon and epinephrine
      stimulated [U-14C]palmitate oxidation to ketone bodies by 60 and 25% as early as
      at 1 h. The stimulatory effects were almost totally prevented by the simultaneous
      presence of vasopressin, phorbol 12-tetradecanoate 13-acetate (TPA), or
      diacylglycerol (1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol). When hepatocytes were treated with
      glucagon or epinephrine, carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT), a key regulatory
      enzyme of palmitate oxidation, was activated. This hormone-induced activation of
      CPT was not observed in the presence of TPA. These observations suggest that c
      kinase inhibits glucagon- or epinephrine-stimulated palmitate oxidation to ketone
      bodies, and that this inhibition may be mediated through a covalent modification
      of CPT.

PMID- 3709812
TI  - The 240-kDa subunit of human erythrocyte spectrin binds calmodulin at micromolar
      calcium concentrations.
AB  - The binding of the isolated alpha-subunit of human erythrocyte spectrin to
      calmodulin is demonstrated by partitioning in aqueous two-phase systems. The
      affinity of the alpha-subunit for calmodulin is slightly higher than that of the
      spectrin dimer, whereas the beta-subunit interacts only very weakly. The binding
      is in all cases calcium-dependent and is abolished on addition of chlorpromazine.
      At an ionic strength close to physiological conditions, about 1 microM free
      calcium is required to induce maximum binding of calmodulin to spectrin dimer.

PMID- 3709813
TI  - Antibody-mediated targeting of liposomes to red cells in vivo.
AB  - Covalent attachment of anti-rat erythrocyte F(ab')2 to liposomes specifically
      enhanced their binding to rat erythrocytes in vivo and reduced their uptake by
      the liver. Furthermore, at least 20-30% of the cell-bound liposomes delivered
      their contents to the cells. Besides, the liposome binding did not affect the
      survival time of the target cells at least up to 3 h in the blood circulation.
      These results demonstrate for the first time that liposomes can be successfully
      targeted to cells other than liver cells in vivo.

PMID- 3709814
TI  - Carcinoma of the oesophagus.

PMID- 3709815
TI  - On the occurrence of focal, occult in situ and invasive carcinoma in 250
      mastectomy specimens.
AB  - In 1982, a total of 250 breasts were removed for cancer in the surgical
      departments of the Oslo City Health Department, comprising 81% of all new breast
      cancers reported in Oslo in 1982. Invasive ductal carcinoma (68%) and invasive
      lobular carcinoma (12.4%) were the predominant types. Special attention was given
      to the presence of occult in situ or invasive carcinomas more than 1 cm from the
      periphery of the main carcinoma. In 24.8% of the specimens, carcinoma in situ was
      found in such locations, and an additional 6.9% showed a second, occult invasive
      carcinoma. Carcinoma in situ was equally common in invasive ductal and invasive
      lobular carcinoma. Occult invasive carcinoma was predominantly found in specimens
      with invasive lobular carcinoma. There was a significantly increased number of
      lymph node metastases in patients with carcinoma in situ or second, occult
      primary carcinoma more than 1 cm from the periphery of the main carcinoma.

PMID- 3709816
TI  - Symptom duration and pathologic staging of colorectal cancer.
AB  - A large proportion of patients with colorectal cancer continue to present with
      relatively advanced and therefore incurable tumours. While delay in diagnosis is
      often felt to have been a contributing factor, the validity of this has seldom
      been questioned. Two hundred and eleven consecutive large bowel cancer patients
      have been prospectively studied with respect to their duration of symptoms and
      pathologic stage: 7.1% presented with Dukes A tumours and a mean symptom duration
      of 11.2 months; 38.9% with Dukes B tumours and a mean symptom duration of 4.9
      months; 22.3% with Dukes C1 tumours and a mean symptom duration of 5.3 months;
      3.8% with Dukes C2 tumours and a mean symptom duration of 3.9 months and 26% with
      stage D disease and a mean symptom duration of 3.8 months. There was no tendency
      for a longer symptomatic period in patients with more advanced disease. Indeed
      the Dukes A patients had a significantly longer duration of symptoms than those
      with all other stages of disease. It is argued that diagnosis at a more
      favourable pathologic stage would only be possible by presymptomatic tumour
      detection.

PMID- 3709817
TI  - Patient survival with liver metastases from colorectal cancer--a district
      hospital experience.
AB  - In a retrospective review of 301 newly diagnosed tumours of the colon and rectum,
      61 patients (20%) presented with liver metastases. The mean survival for this
      group was 7.4 months. Five patients with solitary metastases were found who may
      have been helped by further surgery. There was a 20% operative mortality. No
      significant association between the grade, differentiation, lymph node status or
      venous invasion of the primary lesion was demonstrated. Operative palliative
      resection of the primary lesion did not improve survival. These results confirm
      the poor prognosis for patients with liver metastases, justifying all efforts
      into the earlier detection and prevention of colorectal carcinoma.

PMID- 3709818
TI  - The prognostic value of Lauren's histopathological classification system and ABO
      blood groups in patients with stomach carcinoma.
AB  - The prognostic value of Lauren's histopathological classification system and the
      ABO blood group system has been studied in 275 patients with cancer of the
      stomach. The study disclosed a higher rate of tumours of intestinal type in
      females aged 70 years or more compared with those under 70 years, but no such
      relation for males. We found no relation between histopathological classification
      and blood groups. For patients with blood group A the 5-year survival was 17.5%,
      compared to 8.4% for blood group O (P less than 0.05). Survival for patients with
      intestinal and diffuse tumours was 17.7% and 4.8% respectively (P less than
      0.01). A multivariate analysis showed that the histopathological classification
      system, independently, was an important factor with respect to survival (all
      other factors constant). Blood group might also be of importance as a prognostic
      factor, but further studies are necessary to confirm this.

PMID- 3709819
TI  - Radiation induced angiosarcomas of the nasopharynx.
AB  - Angiosarcoma is a malignant tumour of the vascular endothelial cell that rarely
      occurs in the head and neck. We present two cases arising in the nasopharynx
      after radiotherapy. The role of radiotherapy in carcinogenesis is considered with
      reference to the delay between treatment of a primary head and neck tumour and
      presentation with the second primary.

PMID- 3709820
TI  - Dorsal paravertebral soft tissue sarcoma: considerations on the technique of
      surgical treatment.
AB  - Three patients are presented with soft tissue sarcomas of the dorsal
      paravertebral region. Wide surgical excision was possible because the spinous
      processes, the hemilaminae and the transverse processes adjacent to the tumour,
      were resected en bloc with the tumour. The key to this operation is a
      contralateral hemilaminectomy, which enables the resection to be carried out
      under full visual control of the spinal cord. No spinal cord injuries occurred.
      The main problem encountered after resection was pain due to instability of the
      spine in 2 patients. Factors determining spinal instability and indications for
      primary internal stabilization are discussed.

PMID- 3709822
TI  - Clinical evaluation of axillar lymph nodes compared to surgical and pathological
      findings.
AB  - Reviewing the axillar lymph node status in 196 consecutive breast cancer patients
      and comparing clinical assessment to pathological findings, the author found an
      overall erroneous appraisal of 39% with 45% false negative and 29% false positive
      cases. In more than 15% of the cases there were skip metastases. In the T1 group,
      stratification to the greatest diameter of the tumor gave a significant
      difference (P less than 0.01) between axillar LNI in tumours smaller or equal to
      1 cm and those with a diameter between 1 and 2 cm. Lymph node metastases in the
      interpectoral space is extremely rare (less than 0.5%) and always macroscopic.
      Axillar lymph nodes were always invaded in T4 tumours. The author warns against
      clinical studies based upon clinical assessment of the axillar lymph node status.
      He advocates a complete axillar lymph node dissection in all cases. He suggests
      that the T1 classification should be restricted to tumours with a diameter
      smaller or equal to 1 cm.

PMID- 3709821
TI  - Chondrosarcoma--55 unreported cases: epidemiology, surgical treatment and
      prognostic factors.
AB  - Fifty-five cases of chondrosarcoma, seen at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of
      Milan, were reviewed to collect epidemiological data in order to verify
      therapeutic effects and the validity of possible prognostic factors.
      Epidemiological data according to sex and age distribution and skeletal location
      were in accordance with the literature (male:female ratio, 1.8; mean age, 37
      years, 62% of lesions located in the pelvic or scapular girdle). Of 52 cases
      operated on with the intent of radicality, 5 were intralesional operations, 20
      marginal and 27 radical. The local recurrence rate was dependent upon the degree
      of surgical radicality (60%, 35% and 11% respectively for intralesional, marginal
      and radical surgery). Age, site, type of first symptom and pathological grading
      were significant as prognostic factors. The type of the first symptom was
      directly correlated to the site of the tumour. Sex, tumour size and degree of
      surgical radicality were not relevant.

PMID- 3709823
TI  - Regional non-nodal metastases of cutaneous melanoma.
AB  - The authors studied the prognosis of patients with so called local recurrences,
      satellites and in-transit metastases from cutaneous melanoma on the basis of 291
      patients. These are the 19.3% of the 1503 patients with stage I and II melanoma
      originally submitted to surgical treatment at the National Cancer Institute of
      Milano (Italy). The majority of patients were males (M/F = 0.7): 102 had local
      recurrence, 99 in-transit metastases, 24 satellites and 66 both local and in
      transit metastases. Regional non-nodal metastases were not related with the site
      of origin, and inadequate treatment of primary. These metastases were more
      frequently observed in patients who were submitted to regional node dissection no
      matter whether in discontinuity or in continuity with primary tumor. The
      frequency of regional non-nodal metastases was found to increase with increasing
      thickness of primary melanoma or, in stage II patients, with the number of
      involved nodes. Local and in-transit metastases were related with prognostic
      criteria in the same way. The overall survival was very close between in-transit
      and local metastases. Similar survival rates were observed comparing regional non
      nodes and disseminated cutaneous and subcutaneous metastases. The authors
      conclude that the distinction between local recurrences, satellites and in
      transit metastases is artificial and that these metastatic events are not
      prognostically dissimilar from metastases in distant skin areas.

PMID- 3709824
TI  - An unusual presentation of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in a child.
AB  - A rare case of a primary early T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in the
      bronchus of a 10 year old boy is presented. Although histological examination of
      the biopsied material was compatible with the diagnosis of NHL or carcinoma, the
      use of monoclonal antibodies showed it to be an early T-cell NHL and not
      carcinoma. Accordingly the child was treated using a chemotherapy protocol of the
      UKCCG for NHL. The patient responded so well to his treatment regime that within
      2 weeks of the initiation of chemotherapy there was re-expansion of the collapsed
      lobe. Six weeks later bronchoscopy was entirely normal with no evidence of
      residual tumour and now 15 months after the time of diagnosis he remains very
      well with normal chest X-ray.

PMID- 3709825
TI  - Colonic carcinoma metastasizing to the choroid.

PMID- 3709827
TI  - Repeat tuboplasty compared with primary microsurgery for postinflammatory tubal
      disease.
AB  - The conception rate in 21 patients who underwent repeat tuboplasty after a
      primary macrosurgical procedure was evaluated. These data were compared with
      those of 161 patients who underwent primary microsurgical tuboplasty. Eighteen
      percent of the patients in the repeat tuboplasty group conceived, and all
      pregnancies resulted in live births. The conception rate for those patients who
      underwent primary microsurgical tuboplasty was 51%: 33% live births, 11%
      spontaneous abortions, and 9% ectopic pregnancies. The conception rate for the
      repeat tuboplasty group with previous macrosurgery was significantly lower (P =
      0.0095) than that of the primary microsurgical group. Three patients underwent a
      primary microsurgical procedure followed by a second microsurgical tuboplasty.
      There were no conceptions in this group.

PMID- 3709826
TI  - Peritoneal endometriosis in women requesting reversal of sterilization.
AB  - Seventy-six women requesting reversal of sterilization underwent at least 1
      operative procedure during a 27-month period, and 14 (18.4%) were found to have
      pelvic endometriosis. The endometriosis patients were noted to have had
      significantly fewer pregnancies (1.8 versus 2.9, P less than 0.01) before
      sterilization than those without endometriosis, but the two groups did not differ
      significantly in mean age (30.8 versus 30.3 years), type of sterilization or in
      mean number of years since sterilization (5.0 versus 5.5 years). In only two
      individuals were proximal tubal segment fistulas found at the time of reversal,
      and neither had endometriosis. We conclude that pelvic endometriosis is more
      common in patients with bilateral tubal occlusion than previously suspected and
      that its presence indicates that endometriosis implants can persist for prolonged
      periods of time, can give rise to new implants, or do not require the tubal
      reflux of menstrual debris to form.

PMID- 3709828
TI  - Effect of clomiphene citrate on in vitro ovulated ova.
AB  - The effect of clomiphene citrate (CC) on developmental capacity of ovulated ova
      was studied with isolated in vitro perfused rabbit ovaries. Fifty-two ovulated
      ova were recovered from ovaries perfused with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
      in a medium containing CC and 45 ova from ovaries perfused with hCG in a CC-free
      medium. Ova were cultured and inseminated with capacitated sperm and observed
      serially for evidence of fertilization and stage of development. CC did not
      affect the fertilization of ovulated ova. However, the percentage of ova which
      had reached the morula stage by 60 hours was significantly reduced in the CC
      treated (15.4%) group, compared with the control group of ovaries (48.9%). A
      significant percentage of inseminated ova from CC-treated ovaries (65.4%) showed
      evidence of degeneration, as compared with control ovaries (37.8%). Thus, a
      partial loss of developmental capacity may explain the discrepancy observed
      between the rate of successful ovulation induction and the establishment of
      pregnancy associated with CC administration in humans.

PMID- 3709829
TI  - Married women's dissatisfaction with tubal sterilization and vasectomy at first
      year follow-up: effects of perceived spousal dominance.
AB  - Examination of first-year follow-up data obtained from 234 tubal ligation women
      and 154 vasectomy wives indicated a very low incidence of actual regret in both
      groups. However, use of a broader measure of satisfaction/dissatisfaction
      indicated that tubal ligation women had significantly more positive feelings
      about the sterilization decision than did vasectomy wives. Results of a series of
      multivariate statistical analyses demonstrated that group differences in
      satisfaction were related to (1) the disproportionate prevalence of perceived
      male control (particularly extensive control) over reproductive decisions among
      vasectomy wives and the negative effect it had upon subjects in both groups and
      (2) the disproportionate prevalence of female control over reproductive decision
      making among tubal ligation women and the positive effect it had among subjects
      in this group. Study results point to the importance of couple counseling and
      exercising control over one's own body.

PMID- 3709830
TI  - Identification of a uteroglobin-like antigen in human uterine washings.
AB  - A uteroglobin-like molecule was detected with a sensitive radioimmunoassay for
      rabbit uteroglobin in the uterine washings of women. This antigen was detectable
      only in small amounts in the uterine washings obtained from women in the late
      luteal phase or proliferative phase, but was detected in large amounts in uterine
      washings of women collected during the early and midluteal phases of the ovarian
      menstrual cycle. Our findings suggest that antigenically similar portions of
      rabbit uteroglobin have been phylogenetically conserved in women, and that
      endometrial production and secretion of this human uteroglobin-like antigen may
      be hormonally regulated.

PMID- 3709831
TI  - Growth curve analyses of follicular growth in the in vitro fertilization program.
AB  - A follicular growth model for natural follicular growth was used for a comparison
      between follicular growth in natural (unstimulated) cycles and cycles in which
      combination clomiphene citrate/human menopausal gonadotropin was administered for
      the purpose of in vitro fertilization (IVF). Further, the IVF cycles were
      subdivided into those cycles in which a spontaneous luteinizing hormone (LH)
      surge occurred, a pregnancy occurred, or no pregnancy occurred. A comparison of
      the growth of the dominant follicle between a natural cycle and a stimulated
      cycle revealed no difference in the appearance of the growth curve. However,
      follicular growth was initiated 2 days earlier in the stimulated cycles than in
      the natural cycles. When pregnancy cycles were compared with nonpregnancy cycles,
      a difference was observed. The cycles in which no pregnancy occurred resembled
      the growth pattern of the dominant follicle in cycles in which a premature LH
      surge was noted. These data suggest that follicular growth patterns may be
      helpful in predicting a favorable outcome before oocyte aspiration and may be a
      useful adjunct in comparing ovulation stimulation protocols.

PMID- 3709832
TI  - Is there a specific abnormality of sperm morphology in men with varicoceles?
AB  - With the use of a case-control design, we have studied seminal cytology in 53
      infertile men with large left varicoceles to determine whether they had a
      specific morphologic pattern. An equal number of infertile controls without
      varicoceles were matched for characteristics such as left testicular size, serum
      follicle-stimulating hormone levels, and sperm concentration to ensure similar
      degrees of testicular dysfunction. No significant difference in the morphologic
      patterns was observed, especially in the hallmarks of the "stress pattern":
      increased percentages of spermatozoa with tapering heads (1.8 +/- 2.6:1.9 +/-
      4.0) and immature forms (8.1 +/- 5.4:6.4 +/- 2.9) in the varicocele and control
      groups, respectively. Assessment of morphologic characteristics was associated
      with wide errors (approximately 20% to 80%) among technicians working in the same
      laboratory. There does not appear to be a characteristic morphologic stress
      pattern in infertile men with large left varicoceles.

PMID- 3709833
TI  - Open-ended vasectomy: an assessment.
AB  - Leaving open the testicular end of vas at vasectomy could reduce symptoms of
      epididymal congestion and improve the success rate of vasovasostomy but might
      have the disadvantage of increasing the incidence of painful sperm granulomas and
      spontaneous recanalization. In 4330 open-ended vasectomies the rate of epididymal
      congestion was significantly less than in 3867 standard vasectomies. The rate of
      painful sperm granulomas was not increased: it was significantly reduced.
      Spontaneous recanalization was rare in both groups. Whether or not open-ended
      vasectomy improves the success rate of vasovasostomy, it represents an
      improvement in technique because it reduces the rate of complications after
      vasectomy. Closure of the sheath over the prostatic end of vas is essential if
      recanalization is to be prevented.

PMID- 3709834
TI  - Computerized staged-freezing technique improves sperm survival and preserves
      penetration of zona-free hamster ova.
AB  - Sperm cryosurvival was evaluated after a staged freezing program, compared with
      standard vapor-cooling. Fifty-nine ejaculates produced by nine proven fertile
      males were studied before and after preservation with glycerol or
      dimethylsulfoxide. Spermatozoal survival was assessed by after-thaw motility,
      mean sperm velocity (MSV) with the use of multiple exposure photography and by
      the ability to penetrate zona-free hamster ova. A significantly greater reduction
      in sperm motility was observed with the addition of DMSO in contrast to G (P less
      than 0.01). All freezing methods resulted in reduced sperm motility, compared
      with unfrozen samples. The after-thaw sperm motility was significantly lowered
      when vapor-freezing was used in comparison with the staged process (22.9% +/-
      2.6% versus 32.9% +/- 3.4%; P less than 0.01). The MSV was slightly, but not
      significantly, lower in the after-thaw semen, compared with fresh ejaculates. A
      significant impairment in sperm penetration ability was evidenced with vapor
      freezing, compared with the staged cooling (25.7% +/- 3.1% versus 34.9% +/- 3.0%;
      P less than 0.01). The programmed freezing process rendered the same sperm
      efficiency in penetrating zona-free hamster ova as did the fresh samples. This
      relatively rapid, simple, and reliable computerized cooling technique improves
      the efficiency of sperm cryostorage and preserves its penetration capacity.

PMID- 3709835
TI  - A simple method for the collection of human uterine flushing.
AB  - A method for the collection of human uterine lavages using a double-barreled
      cannula that allows for simultaneous injection and aspiration of the flushing is
      described. The method is simple and quick, is precise, and gives lavage volume
      recoveries of 77% to 100%. Protein determination of the human uterine flushing
      gave measurable levels, which are lower than in the plasma. Access to human
      uterine luminal secretions by this method, which can be repeatedly performed, can
      facilitate investigations into the sequential biochemical and hormonal uterine
      secretions in vivo in the same individual.

PMID- 3709836
TI  - Femoral neuropathy following microsurgical tuboplasty.

PMID- 3709837
TI  - Citation analysis for the journal, Fertility and Sterility.

PMID- 3709838
TI  - [Morpho-functional characteristics of connections between the frontobasal
      segments of the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus in the cat].

PMID- 3709839
TI  - [Neuronal organization of cortico-cortical connections between the parietal
      associative and motor regions of the cerebral cortex in the cat].

PMID- 3709840
TI  - [Reaction of the cardiovascular system to electric stimulation of the nuclei of
      the medulla oblongata in rats of different ages].

PMID- 3709841
TI  - [Changes in blood volume in the heart and lungs and its role in the regulation of
      left-ventricular blood output after administration of catecholamines].

PMID- 3709842
TI  - [Coronary circulation in chronic experimental aortic coarctation].

PMID- 3709843
TI  - [Hemodynamics and myocardial contraction after inhalation of isoniazid].

PMID- 3709844
TI  - [Temporary organization of the rhythm of the isolated frog heart].

PMID- 3709845
TI  - [New data on back diffusion of hydrogen ions in the gastric mucosa of the antral
      portion of the canine stomach].

PMID- 3709846
TI  - [Mechanism of the adaptogenic effect of tocopherol in long-term exposure to
      cold].

PMID- 3709847
TI  - [Study of urine production processes in the nephron by the stopped urine flow
      method after blood loss and infusion therapy with complex plasma-substituting
      solutions].

PMID- 3709848
TI  - [Morpho-functional diversity of follicular oocytes in swine].

PMID- 3709849
TI  - [Characteristics of the reactions of various parts of the digestive tract to
      acute emotional-painful stress in mature and aged rats].

PMID- 3709850
TI  - [Characteristics of the testicular reaction to administration of chorionic
      gonadotropin in immature intact and hypophysectomized rats after destruction and
      stimulation of the hippocampus].

PMID- 3709851
TI  - [Mechanisms of the effect of stimulation of the mesentery on cardiac activity].

PMID- 3709852
TI  - [Permeability of the cell membrane of secretory cells to ions at rest by the
      intracellular dialysis method].

PMID- 3709853
TI  - [Effect of 20-kilometer running on biochemical indicators of the blood in trained
      and untrained students].

PMID- 3709854
TI  - [Modeling graded constriction of the lumen of coronary vessels].

PMID- 3709855
TI  - [Abstracts of the 18th Municipal Conference of Young Scientists and Specialists.
      Current problems in physiology. Kiev, 18 May 1985].

PMID- 3709856
TI  - [Features of the homotopical and transcallosal potentials of the somatosensory
      and parietal cortex in the cat].
AB  - Multiple recording of EPs from analogous areas of cerebral hemispheres was
      performed with symmetrical relocation of stimulating and recording electrodes.
      The right hemisphere was shown to prevail by the amplitude of positive component
      of the somatosensory area EPs whereas an individual asymmetry of this phase of
      EPs was observed in the parietal cortex. The homotopic transcallosal responses of
      the somatosensory cortex seem to reflect local processes induced, mainly, by
      callosal effects whereas the parietal area response seems to be an integrative
      index of processes stemming from the local convergence of effects spreading over
      and intracortical projections.

PMID- 3709857
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of the interhemispheric asymmetry of transcallosal
      responses of the projection and association areas of the cortex].
AB  - Homo- and heterotopic transcallosal responses from projective and associative
      cortical areas were studied in 57 immobilized cats. Homotopic potentials revealed
      a functional interhemisphere asymmetry of their amplitudes. The latters were
      higher in visual and somatosensory cortex of the right hemisphere, whereas in
      sensomotor cortex the amplitude of both components of the homotopic EPs was
      higher in the left hemisphere. Heterotopic transcallosal responses were more
      symmetrical. The projective and associative areas differed in that the
      associative cortex revealed a more symmetrical distribution of the heterotopic
      EPs. The above features of the EPs seem to stem from the asymmetrisizing effect
      of homotopic callosal pathways and from symmetrisizing effect of intrahemisphere
      associative projections.

PMID- 3709858
TI  - [Nature of transcallosal responses in the parietal cortex of the kitten].
AB  - In immobilized 2-18 day old kittens, transcallocal responses in the parietal
      cortex involved a positive--negative complex often accompanied by a negative
      deviation. The early positive--negative oscillation had a callosal, and the late
      one--an extracallosal nature. The layer-to-layer analysis of the transcallocal
      responses showed that the source of positive-negative component, as kittens
      develop, was transferred from V to III layer, whereas the source of the surface
      negative component remained on the level of II-III layers. The late negative
      component, having the cource in the layer I-II, was registered only up to the II
      IV layers. The interhemispheric relations in the parietal cortex of kittens are
      actualized both by means of callosal and extracallosal systems and, with age,
      their interaction is intensified.

PMID- 3709859
TI  - [Source of light-evoked cortical activity after destruction of the main visual
      pathway].
AB  - Electrical responses to flashes and single electrical stimuli applied to optical
      nerve were recorded from the visual and sensomotor cortex, the lateral geniculate
      nucleus, the hypothalamus and the caudate nucleus in normal cats and after
      bilateral lesion of the specific visual pathways. The light-imduced EPs were
      preserved after transection of the optical tracts and after lesion of the lateral
      geniculate nuclei. The EPs to flashes were absent after transection of the
      optical nerves. After lesion of the lateral geniculate nuclei, sparing all
      optical tract connections to the colliculi superior, activation of the EEG was
      possible with strong light flashes. The significance of the retino-hypothalamic
      and retino-collicular connection for formation of the light-induced cortical
      responses, is discussed.

PMID- 3709860
TI  - [Role of various types of serotonin reception in the hypothalamic modulation of
      the release of luteinizing hormone].
AB  - Ciproheptadin was found to depress the activating effect of serotonin in the
      preoptic brain area and in the hypothalamic arquate nuclei. Blockade of the type
      II serotonin receptors increased the content of luteinizing hormone in the blood
      in dioestrus-2 stage and in the morning during pro-estrus. Microiontophoretic
      administration of serotonin into the thalamic arquate nuclei during the blockade
      decreased the luteinizing hormone level in the blood in dioestrus-2 stage and in
      the morning during pro-estrus. Administration of serotonin into the preoptic area
      under the same conditions invariably decreased the hormone level in the blood. A
      significant negative correlation was found between the luteinizing hormone
      contents in the blood and hypophysis.

PMID- 3709861
TI  - [Reactions of neurons of the posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus to
      stimulation of the peripheral nerves].
AB  - Neuronal responses of the thalamic lateral posterior nucleus to single electrical
      shocks applied to radial, sciatic and splanchnic nerves, were studied in
      anesthetized immobilized cats. Different degrees of responsiveness (69, 63 and 51
      per cent) and latencies (9-120, 12-130 and 16-130 ms) were revealed.

PMID- 3709862
TI  - [Effect of oxygen insufficiency on brain cells in culture and in vitro slices].
AB  - Decrease of the pO2 led to the same phasic changes in the unit activity of
      Purkinje cells and hippocampal neurons in mice. Purkinje cells proved to be more
      resistant against oxygen deficiency in tissue culture than in surviving slices.
      Cells of the optic cortex preserved high level of functional activity at lowering
      the pO2 to 50%. Still, they were more sensitive to low pO2 as compared with other
      neurons. Cellular mechanisms responsible for maintenance of neuron functions in
      oxygen deficiency were found to depend on the energy exchange. Use of tissue
      culture and surviving brain slices as a mode for studying the cellular adaptive
      mechanisms, is discussed.

PMID- 3709863
TI  - [Effects of stimulation of afferent fibers of the gastric branch of the vagus
      nerve after vagotomy and anemia of the brain].
AB  - Changes in efferent discharges of the left major splanchnic nerve and in smooth
      muscles potentials of the gastric pylorus and small intestine during electrical
      stimulation of afferent fibers of gastric branch of the dorsal vagus trunk (20
      Hz, 5-10 V, 1 ms, 10 min) were studied in acute experiments in control,
      vagotomized and spinal cats. In control animals, stimulation of the gastric
      branch induced a decrease in the firing rate of the splanchnic nerve and fast
      potentials of the stomach and an increase in the fast potential frequency of the
      intestine. In spinal and vagotomized cats, inhibition of discharges during
      gastric branch stimulation turned into facilitation, inhibitory responses of the
      stomach were abolished, and activating effects on the intestine remained though
      being less obvious in spinal than in vagotomized animals. Slow potential of
      smooth muscles changed in opposite manner as compared to fast potentials. The
      data obtained are discussed in the light of functional differences in effects of
      stimulation of spinal and supraspinal afferents of the internal organs.

PMID- 3709865
TI  - [Hemodynamic correlates of immobilization stress in the rat].
AB  - Changes of the systemic and regional hemodynamics were studied in alert Wistar
      rats during their immobilization. Cardiac output and regional blood flows were
      measured with microsphere technique. The stress evoked 12% blood pressure
      increase, 30% cardiac output increase and 10% total peripheral vascular
      resistance decrease. Blood flow was increased in skeletal muscles, in the heart
      and adrenal glands, whereas in the kidney and small intestine blood flow
      decreased.

PMID- 3709864
TI  - [Autoregulation of the contractile function of the myocardium in response to
      changes in the concentration of the activating cation].
AB  - In guinea-pig isolated papillary muscles, dependence of the isotonic contraction
      velocity on the perfusate Ca++ concentration was studied. The dependence was the
      steepest at the lowest rate of stimulation. At a high rate (2 Hz), changes in
      contraction velocity as well as in extent of the muscle shortening were minimal.
      Replacement of a half of Ca++ ions by Sr++ resulted in an augmentation of
      steepness of the dependence on sum of [Ca++] and [Sp++], and in a more prominent
      fall in relaxation velocity as compared with contraction velocity. Replacement of
      a half of Ca++ ions with Ba++ or depletion of [Na+] in usual solution to 25 mM
      resulted in a prominent fall in relaxation velocity while the contraction
      velocity increased. This dissociation coincided with signs of cellular Ca++
      overload and a more steep restitution of contraction velocity during diastole.
      Results are discussed in terms of participation of Na+-Ca++ exchange in these
      self-regulatory phenomena.

PMID- 3709866
TI  - [Characteristics of transcapillary fluid exchange in working skeletal muscles
      perfused in various ways].
AB  - Acute experiments in cats revealed by means of volumometry of extracorporeal
      blood flow that the exchange surface of the microcirculation bed in working
      skeletal muscles increased irrespective of whether they were perfused under
      constant pressure or in constant blood flow. Capillary hydrostatic pressure
      depended on the perfusion mode: it decreased in conditions of stabilized blood
      expenditure through muscles, and increased in constant pressure perfusion. An
      increase of the capillary filtration coefficient is considered from the
      standpoint of dilatory effect of metabolites on precapillary sphincters. Changes
      of pre-and postcapillary resistance take part in shifts of fluid movement in the
      muscle during contraction.

PMID- 3709867
TI  - [Role of the diabetogenic factor in hypercoagulation of the blood].
AB  - I.v. injection of the diabetogenic factor induced disfunction of anticoagulation
      system in rats. The endogenous heparin concentration decreases in the blood and
      no proper defensive response to thrombosis provocation occurs. The diabetogenic
      factor seems to play an important role in the development of thrombosis and other
      complications in diabetes.

PMID- 3709868
TI  - [Development of various responses to noradrenaline administration in the control
      and cold-adapted rat].

PMID- 3709869
TI  - [Phases of muscular thermogenesis in experimental hyperthyroidism].

PMID- 3709870
TI  - [Sucrose bridge method for in vivo recording of dorsal root potentials of the
      spinal cord of the adult cat].

PMID- 3709871
TI  - [Measurement of the strength characteristics of muscle fibers using a
      photoelectric transducer].

PMID- 3709872
TI  - [Membrane digestion and some general problems in physiology].
AB  - A number of general problems arising from investigations of various aspects of
      membrane digestion has been considered in the paper. The development of this
      field of knowledge allowed to characterize from a new point of view the role of
      glycocalix, molecular physiology of intestinal enzymes, the role of recirculation
      of membrane proteins and intestinal barrier as well as the scale of membrane
      hydrolysis and transport in conditions approximated to physiological ones. The
      level of membrane hydrolysis and transport in vivo is several times that of in
      vitro experiments and of acute experiments in situ. From the data obtained it is
      evident that some present concepts of the level efficiency of in vivo
      physiological processes in the small intestine and mechanisms of their regulation
      ought to be reconsidered.

PMID- 3709873
TI  - [Effect of various methods of oxygenation of the small intestine mucosa on the
      kinetic characteristics of glucose and glycine transport].
AB  - Nutrient transport in the small intestine in different conditions of oxygenation
      of the mucosa in vitro has been studied using original approaches. New
      experimental data revealed two types of cellular respiration: basolateral and
      apical ones. Mucosal, serosal and bilateral oxygenations were shown to affect
      kinetic characteristics (Kt, Vmax) of glucose and glycine active transport in the
      small intestine. The effect of starvation on the active transport of glucose in
      the small intestine in different conditions of oxygenation, is discussed. When
      passing from satiety to starvation state, active accumulation of glucose in the
      tissue increased during serosal oxygenation and decreased during mucosal and
      bilateral oxygenation. Characteristic features of functioning of the two types of
      cellular respiration were investigated in various periods of starvation.

PMID- 3709874
TI  - [Role of smell in the food-seeking activity of newborn puppies].
AB  - In 36 newborn puppies, positive responses to the mother hair smell appear
      immediately after birth which indicates emanation of a corresponding pheromone.
      Within 6 hrs after isolation from the mother, the preference for her smell is
      reduced and substituted with a response to hair smell of other females. Learning
      of the motor to the mother smell seems to occur yet in prenatal period. The
      inherent negative response to cat's smell does not depend on the duration of the
      puppy isolation from the mother. During first 3 days of life (the 1st period),
      learning of the food-seeking response to an artificial smell is possible
      (imprinting). Starting from the 4th-5th day of life, the ability to form a food
      seeking response to smell disappears. In 11-12 day old puppies, a conditioning
      can be achieved by means of combining smell with feeding 5-6 times. The role of
      olfaction in the puppy food-seeking behaviour during ontogenesis, is discussed.

PMID- 3709875
TI  - [Membrane digestion and absorption in the bird].
AB  - Characteristics of membrane digestion in birds as well as its role in splitting
      up carbohydrates and proteins revealed the regulatory character of membrane
      digestion enzymes, their linkage to the enterocyte membrane, dependence on the
      age and the topography of the small intestine. The systems of active and exchange
      transport as well as its energetics are described. A close connection between
      membrane hydrolysis and absorption is shown as actualized by specialized
      digestive-transport complexes functioning in the enterocyte membrane. Fast and
      slow adaptation of membrane digestion and absorption are described as well as the
      ability of parasubstrate regulation of these systems.

PMID- 3709876
TI  - [Effect of pentagastrin on the myoelectric activity of the pyloric sphincter,
      body of the stomach and the duodenum].
AB  - In chronic experiments on rabbits, i.v. administration of the pentagastrin (0.01
      1.0 micrograms/kg) exerted inhibitory effects on the myoelectrical activity of
      the pylorus and stomach, whereas the effect of pentagastrin on the duodenum was
      rather activating. The threshold dose of pentagastrin for pylorus was 5 times
      smaller than for the duodenum and 10 times smaller than for the stomach. Possible
      mechanisms of the pentagastrin effect on the contractile activity of the pylorus,
      stomach and duodenum smooth muscles, are discussed.

PMID- 3709877
TI  - [Assimilation of free and peptide glycine in the chick small intestine].
AB  - Absorption of free and peptide glycine released at the hydrolysis of glycyl-L
      leucine, L-leucyl-glycine, glycyl-L-valine was investigated in experiments in
      vitro with accumulating mucosal preparations of the chick small intestine. An
      active accumulation of free amino acid occurred in the mucosa depending on sodium
      and oxygen presence in the incubation medium. The participation of sodium
      dependent and sodium-independent components in the transport was revealed.
      Absorption of peptide glycine released at the hydrolysis of glycyl-L-leucine and
      glycyl-L-valine appeared to be a sodium-independent process and demanded the
      energy of aerobic metabolism. The data indicate the effect of various amino acids
      on the transport of free and peptide glycine. Activating effect of some of them
      on the absorption of glycine is supposed to be determined for this amino acid by
      a mechanism of exchange transport in the chick small intestine.

PMID- 3709878
TI  - [Role of the protein-synthesizing system of hepatocytes in bile secretion].
AB  - Administration of agents blocking the protein synthesis depressed the liver bile
      secretion in rats whereas activation of the protein biosynthesis with
      hydrocortisone increased the bile outflow. The role of different stages of the
      protein biosynthesis in mechanisms of bile secretion is discussed.

PMID- 3709879
TI  - [Adsorption and transport of bile acids by the mucosa of the rat intestine].
AB  - Kinetics of the mucosal bile acid transport was studied in vitro in the rat small
      intestine and colon. The bile acid concentration on the mucosal surface was
      estimated. The daily rhythm of transport and its changes were recorded after the
      bilious duct obstruction.

PMID- 3709881
TI  - [Dynamics of serotonin release from tissue depots in the gastrointestinal tract
      of the unanesthetized dog after ingesting food].
AB  - The speed and the volume of the serotonin release from the dog alimentary canal
      tissues depend on the quantity and the composition of the food. The dynamics of
      the serotonin release coincide completely with evacuation of the gastric content
      into initial segments of the small intestine.

PMID- 3709880
TI  - [Dynamics of morpho-functional changes in gastrin-producing cells of the stomach
      after electric stimulation of the vagus nerve].
AB  - In 25 white rats, direct stimulation of the vagus nerve increased the average
      diameter of secretory granules and decreased their number and volume, thus
      reflecting the release of gastrin during first 5 min after the stimulation.
      Subsequent increase in volume of nucleus, nucleolus, endoplasmatic reticulum,
      mitochondria and Golgi complex suggest rapid activation of hormone synthesis in G
      cells under vagostimulation. The data obtained allow to revise the existing
      concepts of gastrin release from cells and of ultrastructural criteria of this
      process.

PMID- 3709882
TI  - [Effect of various cations on the secretory and acid-forming function of the
      stomach].
AB  - The data obtained suggest that the sodium ions (0.5-2.0 g) reduce the gastric
      juice secretion and its acidity whereas magnesium and calcium ions increase the
      latter. Potassium ions exert practically no effect on the acidity. The
      suppressing effect of the sodium ions seems to be connected with an increase
      excretion of sodium chloride with urine as well as with increased diuresis in
      general. Saluretics suppress the secretion and acidity of the gastric juice on
      account of increased diuresis and subsequent excretion of large amount of
      chlorides as well as by means of serotonin release from the Ec cells of the
      gastro-intestinal tract, the action of serotonin being actualized on the level of
      the gastric glands' cells, parietal those in particular.

PMID- 3709883
TI  - [The effect of metoclopramide and dopamine on mineralocorticoid secretion--in
      vivo and in vitro studies].
AB  - There is considerable information suggesting that dopamine is a physiological
      regulator of aldosterone secretion. Metoclopramide, a specific dopamine
      antagonist, elicits a rapid rise in plasma aldosterone independent of the known
      aldosterone-regulating factors. However, the mechanism and the site of action of
      metoclopramide, whether adrenal or extra-adrenal, in stimulation of aldosterone
      production remain to be defined. The present studies were designed to investigate
      the mechanism of dopaminergic control of corticosteroid secretion and to
      determine at which step in the aldosterone biosynthetic pathway metoclopramide
      and dopamine exert their effect. Plasma concentrations of progesterone, 11
      deoxycorticosterone (DOC), and cortisol were not altered by a bolus intravenous
      administration of 10 mg metoclopramide in 8 healthy male volunteers.
      Metoclopramide increased plasma aldosterone from 6.9 +/- 2.8 (Mean +/- 2SD)
      ng/100 ml to a maximum level of 18.2 +/- 4.7 ng/100 ml, 18-hydroxycorticosterone
      (18-OHB) from 12.6 +/- 6.5 ng/100 ml to a maximum of 41.3 +/- 7.3 ng/100 ml and
      corticosterone from 0.36 +/- 0.09 microgram/100 ml to a maximum of 0.85 +/- 0.22
      microgram/100 ml. The aldosterone, 18-OHB and corticosterone responses displayed
      a parallel time course, with a significant response of each occurring within 5
      minutes after metoclopramide administration. These data suggest that
      metoclopramide may modulate the activities of 18-hydroxylase and 11 beta
      hydroxylase. Studies in vitro revealed that metoclopramide (10(-8)-10(-4) M had
      little effect on basal production of aldosterone, 18-OHB and corticosterone from
      human adrenal slices. Dopamine (10(-4) M) did not alter the basal secretion of
      aldosterone, 18-OHB and corticosterone, but suppressed the secretion of these 3
      mineralocorticoids by ACTH, which were diminished by addition of 10(-4) M
      metoclopramide. There was a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect of dopamine
      on conversion of corticosterone to 18-OHB and DOC to corticosterone in vitro
      using bovine adrenal mitochondrial fractions. IC50 of dopamine inhibiting 18
      hydroxylation and 11 beta-hydroxylation were 7.5 X 10(-7) M and 9.5 X 10(-4) M,
      respectively. It appears that physiological concentration of dopamine can
      modulate the activity of 18-hydroxylase enzyme. In summary, it can be concluded
      that the in vivo and in vitro studies are compatible with a view that dopamine
      has a physiological role in the regulation of aldosterone by modulating the
      activity of 18-hydroxylase enzyme.

PMID- 3709884
TI  - The control of food contact plastics--the next ten years.
AB  - In the UK, as in other countries, it has been recognized for many years that it
      is essential to control contamination from food contact plastics. However,
      experience has demonstrated that such control can be exercised effectively and
      efficiently without recourse to extensive legislation. This has been achieved by
      means of a basic legislative framework supported by informal controls which rely
      to a large extent on close co-operation between Industry and Government. This
      system has proved its worth over a number of years and, in the absence of any
      external factors, might still be in operation in ten years. There are, however,
      powerful external influences, in particular the EEC's harmonization programme on
      food contact plastics, which make it almost certain that the next ten years will
      see considerable changes. A move towards more extensive legislative controls
      seems inevitable. The current UK system of controls, both formal and informal is
      described. An attempt is then made to predict how this is likely to change over
      the next ten years. In all probability any major change of approach will arise
      from the EEC's harmonization programme. Although it is not possible to predict
      exactly how this programme is likely to proceed in future years, a good
      indication may be obtained by examining what has been achieved to date.

PMID- 3709885
TI  - A survey of trialkyl and triaryl phosphates in United Kingdom total diet samples.
AB  - Composite total diet samples, representative of 15 different commodity types
      overall encompassing an average complete adult diet, from each of eight regions
      in the UK, were analysed for the presence of trialkyl- and triarylphosphates. The
      analytical method consisted of solvent extraction, size exclusion clean-up and
      determination of individual phosphates by gas chromatography using phosphorus
      specific detection (alkali flame or flame photometric detection). Of the food
      groups offal, other animal products and nuts consistently contained the highest
      levels of trialkyl/triaryl phosphates, but there was variation in the incidence
      of individual compounds between different groups. Total phosphate intake was
      estimated to be between 0.07 and 0.1 mg per person per day.

PMID- 3709886
TI  - Compositional analysis of commercial PVC bottles and studies of aspects of
      specific and overall migration into foods and stimulants.
AB  - Plastics additives and processing aids present severe difficulties for the
      legislator attempting to establish meaningful controls. In many cases information
      both on the substances added to the plastic and on the species migrating into
      food, which may well be different, are lacking. In the studies reported,
      information has been sought on the actual components employed in two typical
      commercial plastics. Analysis has been carried out of both the composition and
      trace constituents of the ingredients of commercial PVC formulations used for
      manufacturing bottles for orange squash and cooking oil applications. Assessment
      of maximum leachable material was made by solvent extraction of the individual
      additives, which was compared with overall migration from the PVC bottles into
      food stimulants using proposed EEC Statutory Methods. Additionally, specific
      migration measurements of epoxidized soyabean oil, tris(nonylphenyl) phosphite,
      nonylphenol, pentaerythritol, and BHT antioxidant were carried out in food
      stimulants and where possible also in foods.

PMID- 3709887
TI  - Characterization studies on insoluble total N-nitroso compounds in bacon adipose
      connective tissue.
AB  - Enzymic hydrolysis was employed to solubilize 35% of the total N-nitroso
      compounds associated with bacon adipose connective tissue. Size exclusion
      chromatography of the digest showed that 95% of the solubilized N-nitroso
      compounds had molecular weights equivalent to those of di-, tri- and
      tetrapeptides. The likely identity of these compounds is discussed in the light
      of their extractability from acidified solution into ethyl acetate and their
      thermal and pH stability.

PMID- 3709889
TI  - Relationship between blood lead concentrations and dietary lead intake in
      infants: the Glasgow Duplicate Diet Study 1979-1980.
AB  - In 1979-1980 a duplicate diet study of 131 infants was carried out in Glasgow
      where the water was plumbosolvent and water lead levels were known to be often
      above 100 micrograms/l. The main aim of the study was to establish the form of
      the relationship between water lead, dietary lead and blood lead in infants. The
      study was designed so that there was a balanced number of measurements over a
      wide range of lead intakes. Blood lead concentrations of the mothers were
      measured as well as those of the infants. Results from the study showed that high
      values of lead in water, diet and blood were closely associated with each other.
      Blood lead concentrations appeared to have non-linear (cube root) relationships
      with water lead concentrations and dietary intakes of lead, with steadily smaller
      increases in blood lead as amounts or concentrations of ingested lead increased.
      However, infants who were wholly breast fed showed a much weaker effect of water
      lead on blood lead. Some diets had much higher lead concentrations than the water
      lead concentration would have suggested because they had been made up with water
      from the hot tap (rather than the kitchen cold water tap).

PMID- 3709888
TI  - Levamisole residues in milk from a herd of cows suffering from lungworms.
AB  - A single intramuscular dose of 7 mg levamisole hydrochloride per kg body weight
      was administered to a herd of 42 milking cows suffering from lungworms.
      Levamisole was rapidly excreted in the milk, the peak concentration being found 1
      h after administration. The half-life of levamisole in milk was about 5 h.
      Levamisole levels were below the limit of determination (0.04 microgram/ml) in
      all milk samples 29 h after treatment.

PMID- 3709890
TI  - Migration from packaging materials into foodstuffs--a need for more fundamental
      information.
AB  - During recent years considerable legislative attention has been focused on food
      packaging materials, especially plastics, and in a number of countries extensive
      legislation has been formulated. Such legislation often takes the form of a
      positive list of permitted substances accompanied either by compositional limits
      or migration limits in foods or stimulant liquids. In the UK this approach has
      not been followed owing to the general lack of fundamental information on which
      to base such a system. Instead, the UK has opted for a basic legislative
      framework supported by informal controls which rely to a large extent on close co
      operation between Industry and Government. It is recognized, however, that in
      future years there is likely to be a move towards more extensive legislation on
      packaging materials in the UK, particularly as a result of the EEC's
      harmonization programme. It is imperative that any future legislation is placed
      on a sound scientific footing and affords adequate protection for the consumer.
      The Government of the UK is, therefore, currently sponsoring a number of studies
      aimed at providing this necessary basic information.

PMID- 3709891
TI  - Situs inversus of the descending and sigmoid colon with associated cecal
      volvulus.

PMID- 3709892
TI  - Infant mortality decline in Malaysia, 1946-1975: the roles of changes in
      variables and changes in the structure of relationships.
AB  - This analysis has identified several factors contributing to the dramatic decline
      in infant mortality since World War II in Malaysia, as well as one factor that
      prevented the infant mortality rate from declining even more rapidly. Our main
      findings are the following: On average, mothers' education more than doubled over
      the study period, contributing to the decline in their infants' mortality. In
      addition, the beneficial effect of mothers' education on infant survival appears
      to have become stronger over the study period. Hence, further advances in
      education should lead to further improvements in infants' survival prospects.
      Another analysis of these data (Peterson et al. 1985) found that education is
      somewhat more influential in affecting child mortality in low-mortality, high
      income areas than in the opposite type of areas. Therefore, socioeconomic
      development may have complemented, instead of substituted for, the the beneficial
      effect of mothers' education in promoting infant and child survival in Malaysia.
      Improvements in water and sanitation also contributed to the infant mortality
      decline, especially for babies who did not breastfeed. However, unlike education,
      these influences have become less important over time, especially for babies who
      are not breastfed. Hence, further improvements in water and sanitation, a goal of
      Malaysia's Rural Environmental Sanitation Programme, may have smaller relative
      effects on infant mortality than did previous improvements. Targeting such
      improvements on areas where women breastfeed little or not at all, however, will
      increase their effectiveness in promoting infant survival. The substantial
      reductions in breastfeeding that have taken place since World War II have kept
      the infant mortality rate in Malaysia from declining as rapidly as it would have
      otherwise. We estimate that, in our sample, the detrimental effects on infant
      survival of the decline in breastfeeding have more than offset the beneficial
      effects of improvements in water and sanitation. Unlike some other researchers
      (e.g., Palloni 1981), we find that changes in fertility levels and in the timing
      and spacing of births have had negligible effect in explaining the decline in
      infant mortality within the samples we have considered. We have excluded births
      to older women from our analysis, however; this exclusion may have led to an
      understatement of the influence of changes in the age pattern of
      childbearing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3709893
TI  - The recent rise in Malay fertility: a new trend or a temporary lull in a
      fertility transition?

PMID- 3709894
TI  - Intergenerational relations and reproductive behavior in Taiwan.

PMID- 3709895
TI  - The multilevel dependence of contraceptive use on socioeconomic development and
      family planning program strength.

PMID- 3709896
TI  - Biosocial foundations for adolescent female sexuality.

PMID- 3709897
TI  - Child support awards: differentials and trends by race and marital status.
AB  - This study has analyzed data from combined 1979 and 1982 April supplements to the
      Current Population Survey to study differences in the award of child support by
      race and marital status. The following findings emerge from this study: The
      percentage of women with children present from an absent father who are awarded
      child support varies greatly by race and marital status. Among all women,
      nonblacks are more than twice as likely as blacks to have a child support award,
      and the ever-married are almost six times as likely as the never-married to have
      an award. Among the ever-married, currently separated women are approximately
      half as likely as the ever-divorced to have secured an award. The lower
      probability of child support awards among blacks can be attributed in part to
      their disproportionate membership in marital status groups with lower award
      probabilities. Blacks are four and one-half times as likely as nonblacks to be
      among the never-married and almost twice as likely to be among the currently
      separated. Racial differences in award probabilities exist within all marital
      status groups except the never-married. Among the currently separated, blacks are
      one-third less likely than nonblacks to have an award. Among the ever-divorced,
      blacks are almost one-fourth less likely than nonblacks to have an award. Among
      the never-married, unlike the ever-married, virtually no statistically
      significant socioeconomic characteristics appear to distinguish mothers who have
      a child support award from those who do not. Among all women, 50 to 60 percent of
      the gross racial differential in award rates can be explained by observed
      differences in such economic and demographic characteristics as marital status,
      educational attainment, age, place of residence, and number of children. Among
      the ever-married, 50 percent of the gross racial difference can be explained by
      these factors. Among the ever-married, the likelihood of being awarded child
      support at marital disruption has increased over time, but this upward trend has
      been different for blacks and nonblacks. Among nonblacks, the proportion of women
      obtaining a child support award increased 1.3 percent per year between 1960 and
      1975 and then declined 0.4 percent per year since then. Among blacks, the
      proportion increased 0.8 percent per year between 1960 and 1975 and then
      accelerated to 1.6 percent per year since then.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3709898
TI  - A reformulation of the two-sex problem.

PMID- 3709899
TI  - A generalization of life expectancy which incorporates the age distribution of
      the population and its use in the measurement of the impact of mortality
      reduction.

PMID- 3709900
TI  - A new look at entropy and the life table.

PMID- 3709901
TI  - A comment on Glenn Firebaugh's "Population density and fertility".

PMID- 3709902
TI  - Is the density-fertility relation a statistical artifact?: A reply to Eric
      Jensen.

PMID- 3709903
TI  - IgE on Langerhans cells: new insights into the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis.

PMID- 3709904
TI  - Ichthyosis of steroid sulphatase deficiency. Clinical study of 76 cases.
AB  - A detailed clinical study of 76 males with steroid sulphatase deficiency
      confirmed the ichthyosis of this disorder to be identical with the classical
      descriptions of recessive X-linked ichthyosis. The appearance of regular
      ichthyotic scaling seems in most instances to be heralded by a general peeling of
      the skin. This characteristic feature was registered between age 1 and 3 weeks in
      19 of 21 young boys followed due to a placental steroid sulphatase deficiency.
      Later on, polygonal scales giving a 'dirty' appearance were most pronounced on
      the distal parts of the body and extensor aspects of the extremities. The
      ichthyosis aggravates through childhood into adult age.

PMID- 3709905
TI  - Skin lesions in sadomasochism.
AB  - This paper presents the case of a 35-year-old man who consulted the department of
      venereology because of healing problems with some wounds caused by burning his
      skin perianally with cigarettes as part of a sexual satisfaction ritual.
      Knowledge of such lesions may be useful to physicians and social workers.
      Sadomasochism and 'offers' in the intimate-massage clinics in Copenhagen are
      surveyed.

PMID- 3709906
TI  - Incontinentia pigmenti in four generations.
AB  - Clinical and genetical aspects of a family with incontinentia pigmenti (IP) in 5
      female members belonging to four successive generations are reported. In 4
      individuals IP was associated with dental anomalies and partial hypodontia. Three
      of them also had convulsive disorders.

PMID- 3709907
TI  - Survey of 200 cases of sporotrichosis.
AB  - A survey of 200 cases of sporotrichosis seen at the Dermatology Clinic of Chiba
      University Hospital from May 1965 to August 1983 is reported. The proportion of
      cases with sporotrichosis to the total number of outpatients was 0.15%. A higher
      percentage of cases fell into the less than 12-year-old or more than 40-year-old
      age groups. The male to female ratio was 1:2. Half of the cases occurred in
      farmers. Seventy-eight cases had a history of injury. One hundred and eight cases
      showed the cutaneous lymphangitic type and 92 cases showed the localized
      cutaneous type. The face and upper extremities were the most frequently affected
      sites. The sporotrichin skin test was positive in 96.3% of the cases. The
      causative organism was demonstrated in tissue sections in 94.5% of the cases.

PMID- 3709908
TI  - Unusual case of granulomatous dermohypodermitis with giant cells and
      elastophagocytosis.
AB  - A 27-year-old man presented with a reddish hard-elastic plaque on his back near
      the right armpit, which had slowly developed during 1 year. A granulomatous
      infiltration with many giant cells which were phagocytizing lymphocytes and
      elastic fibers was seen at histological examination. The lesion was removed and
      no new lesions developed after surgery. This case may represent a localized form
      of Convit's 'Progressive atrophying chronic granulomatous dermohypodermitis' or a
      rare form of 'Maladie de Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann chalazodermique', but it is also
      possible that it is a new entity never described before.

PMID- 3709909
TI  - Skin discoloration in chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: detection of
      local iron deposition by X-ray spectrometry.
AB  - A forty-six-year-old woman with a 32 years' history of idiopathic
      thrombocytopenic purpura presented with black-brown discoloration of her lower
      limbs. Noninvasive diagnostic X-ray spectrometry (DXS) for determination of trace
      elements in external tissues revealed striking local iron deposition confined to
      the skin area with the pigmentary changes. Iron deposition in the skin was
      probably due to recurrent local purpura caused by longstanding bleeding disorder.
      Hence DXS proved useful in the detection of local iron load and eliminated the
      need for skin biopsy in this patient with bleeding tendency.

PMID- 3709910
TI  - Hodgkin's disease presenting with superficial lymph nodes and tumors of the
      scalp.
AB  - Invasion of the skin by malignant cells in Hodgkin's disease is a rare occurrence
      and less common than skin involvement in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. We describe a 36
      year-old man with Hodgkin's disease who presented with superficial lymph nodes
      and tumors on the scalp as initial clinical findings. Biopsy of a tumor of the
      scalp showed a diffuse dermal infiltrate composed of polynuclear neutrophils and
      eosinophils, large lymphocytes, and Sternberg-Reed cells. Ultrastructural
      examination of the skin biopsy specimens demonstrated the characteristic
      morphology of the Sternberg-Reed cells.

PMID- 3709911
TI  - Specific hyposensitization in atopic dermatitis.

PMID- 3709912
TI  - Pemphigus vulgaris and ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 3709913
TI  - An analysis of the stresses in a thin layer of articular cartilage in a synovial
      joint.

PMID- 3709914
TI  - Micro-elastohydrodynamic lubrication of synovial joints.

PMID- 3709915
TI  - Experimental arthrosis by hyperpressure.

PMID- 3709916
TI  - Dynamic assessment of knee joint function.

PMID- 3709917
TI  - A clinical review of the hyperlaxity of joints with particular reference to
      osteoarthrosis.

PMID- 3709918
TI  - Varus and valgus deformities of the knee joint: disease specific or
      biomechanical?

PMID- 3709919
TI  - Remodeling of trabecular bone at the proximal tibia after total knee replacement.
      A CT-scan study.

PMID- 3709920
TI  - Biomechanical compatibility of cruciate ligament prostheses.

PMID- 3709921
TI  - Fluoride concentration in amniotic fluid and fetal cord and maternal plasma.
AB  - Fluoride concentrations were determined in plasma of 50 pregnant women, 44
      samples of amniotic fluid and fetal cord blood of 29 fetuses at various stages of
      normal pregnancies, from an area with a relatively low water fluoride (less than
      0.5 ppm) content. The mean concentrations of fluoride from maternal plasma, cord
      plasma and amniotic fluid (+/- S.D.) were 0.033 +/- 0.003, 0.028 +/- 0.005 and
      0.017 +/- 0.003 ppm, respectively. Maternal and fetal plasma fluoride
      concentrations did not differ significantly. In the older age group fetal cord
      plasma fluoride concentration was significantly lower than maternal plasma levels
      (0.012 +/- 0.08 ppm vs. 0.023 +/- 0.001, respectively; p less than 0.05).
      Amniotic fluid fluoride levels were significantly higher at term than in
      midtrimester pregnancy, 0.017 +/- 0.0018 vs. 0.010 +/- 0.009 ppm (P less than
      0.05), respectively. This higher concentration may imply higher fetal urinary
      excretion of fluoride at term due to the lower sequestration of fluoride as the
      process of bone calcification is more complete.

PMID- 3709922
TI  - The superior mesenteric artery syndrome in pregnancy: a case resulting in
      recurrent pregnancy loss.
AB  - The Superior Mesenteric Artery (SMA) syndrome was the underlying cause of severe
      gastrointestinal symptoms in a patient with recurrent pregnancy loss. Following a
      surgical transposition of the duodenum, two normal pregnancies were carried to
      term. This is the first report of the SMA syndrome in pregnancy, to our
      knowledge.

PMID- 3709923
TI  - A strumal carcinoid primary in the ovary.
AB  - A primary ovarian carcinoid tumour of insular strumal type in a 78-yr-old patient
      is reported. Strumal carcinoid of the ovary is a rare tumor of germ cell origin
      characterized by an intimate mixture of thyroid tissue and carcinoid. Correct
      diagnosis depends on a pathologic examination with the use of special stains.
      Because of its benign character, the treatment is primarily a surgical one and
      consists of a simple oophorectomy or salpingo-oophorectomy.

PMID- 3709924
TI  - Cytoplasmic and nuclear estrogen binding capacity in the rat uterus during
      treatment with danazol and testosterone.
AB  - Danazol, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were tested as competitors
      for estrogen receptors on immature rat uterus cytosol. No competitive binding
      could be demonstrated for any of these steroids. After that, prepubertal Wistar
      rats were exposed to danazol, testosterone or propylene glycol (control) for 3
      days or 17 days. After the appropriate exposure to medication, the animals were
      killed. Both danazol and testosterone appeared to be uterotropic after 3 days of
      treatment, although the increase in the uterine weight was significant only in
      the danazol-treated group (p less than 0.05). This effect was lost after 17 days
      of treatment. Estradiol receptor binding assays were done on the cytosolic and
      nuclear fractions of the homogenized uterine tissue of each group. The estrogen
      binding capacity of cytosols was increased in both the danazol (p less than 0.05)
      and the testosterone (p less than 0.01) groups after 3 days of treatment. A
      parallel increase was found in the nuclear fraction of both groups. After 17 days
      of treatment, the comparison between the 3 groups showed no differences in the
      cytosolic or nuclear estrogen binding capacity. The information provided by this
      study suggests that some effects of danazol may be due to an androgenic action
      and that may be associated to increases in the free fraction of testosterone.

PMID- 3709925
TI  - Effect of prolonged infusion of ritodrine on uteroplacental blood flow and
      cardiac output distribution in unanesthetized pregnant guinea pigs.
AB  - The effects of ritodrine, 15 micrograms X min-1 X kg-1 administered
      intravenously, on the maternal circulation and uteroplacental blood flow were
      investigated in eight chronically catheterized pregnant guinea pigs near term.
      Cardiac output and its distribution were measured by means of the radionuclide
      labelled microsphere technique before, and after 2 and 6 h of infusion of
      ritodrine. Ritodrine produced a sustained elevation of cardiac output to 135 and
      137% of the control value after 2 and 6 h, respectively. The carcass and
      gastrointestinal tract together accounted for the greatest portion of the extra
      blood flow, 77 and 84% at the times of the two flow measurements during
      treatment. After 2 h of ritodrine, mean placental blood flow was reduced to 85%
      of the control level (n.s.), uteroplacental vascular resistance was 127% of its
      initial value (n.s.), and the placental fraction of cardiac output had decreased
      from 18 to 12% (P less than 0.02). Continuation of the infusion to 6 h resulted
      in an increase in mean placental blood flow to 107% of the control value and
      return of uteroplacental vascular resistance to its initial level. The placental
      fraction of cardiac output increased to 14%, significantly (P less than 0.05)
      different from both the initial and the 2-h values. Blood flow to the skin,
      lungs, spleen and mammary glands decreased between the 2- and 6-h flow
      measurements. These observations are compatible with the hypothesis that the
      changes in uteroplacental blood flow during administration of ritodrine are
      passive, resulting from the balance between the increase in cardiac output and
      vasodilatation in extrauterine vascular beds.

PMID- 3709926
TI  - Increased degradation of carbohydrate deficient arterial basement membrane-like
      material from 2-deoxyglucose modified myomedial cell cultures.
AB  - The effect of 1.6 mM 2-deoxyglucose on the incorporation of [3H]leucine,
      [3H]glucosamine and [35S]sulphate into arterial basement membrane-like (BM)
      material was evaluated. BM-like material was isolated from the cell-matrix layer
      of cultured arterial smooth muscle cells by a sonication-differential
      centrifugation technique. 1.6 mM 2-deoxyglucose inhibited the 24 hr incorporation
      of [3H]glucosamine into BM-like material by 46% with a reduction in both
      [3H]glucosamine labelled glycopeptides and glycosaminoglycans. A marked decrease
      in [35S]sulphate incorporation (reduced by 80%) was demonstrated suggesting that
      2-deoxyglucose may affect sulphatation of glycosaminoglycans. At 1.6 mM 2
      deoxyglucose no effect on [3H]leucine incorporation was found. By gel filtration
      on Bio-Gel P6 a heterogeneous mixture of shortened glycopeptides was found after
      2-deoxyglucose. The electrophoretic mobility of fibronectin and other
      glycoprotein components of BM-like material was increased. The stability of
      carbohydrate deficient BM-like material against removal/degradation was
      evaluated. A significantly increased removal of [3H]leucine from insufficiently
      glycosylated BM-like material was observed after a 24 hr chase period. The
      increased removal/degradation of BM-like material formed in the presence of 2
      deoxyglucose was found to be a cellular dependent event.

PMID- 3709927
TI  - Purification and properties of mouse thymus thymidylate synthase. Comparison of
      the enzyme from mammalian normal and tumour tissues.
AB  - Mouse thymus thymidylate synthase has been purified to apparent electrophoretic
      homogeneity and compared with the enzyme from mouse tumour L1210 and Ehrlich
      ascites carcinoma cells. The enzyme is a dimer composed of 35,000 mol. wt
      monomers. Mouse thymus and tumour enzymes exhibit allosteric properties reflected
      by cooperative binding of both dUMP and 5-fluoro-dUMP. Activation energy for the
      reaction, catalyzed by thymidylate synthase from mouse tumour but not from mouse
      thymus, lowers at temperatures above 34 degrees C, reflecting a change of rate
      limiting step in dTMP formation. MgATP at millimolar concentrations inhibits
      mouse thymus enzyme.

PMID- 3709928
TI  - Crosslinking of membrane proteins during erythrocyte ageing.
AB  - Membrane proteins of bovine erythrocytes were crosslinked with cupric di(1,10
      phenanthroline) and analysed by one-dimensional and two-dimensional SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. An increase in crosslinking of the Band 3
      protein and of spectrin was found with increasing erythrocyte age suggesting an
      increased aggregation of main membrane proteins in aged erythrocytes.

PMID- 3709929
TI  - Some properties of triacylglycerol lipase in chicken erythrocytes.
AB  - Membrane-bound acid lipase was found in the chicken erythrocytes ghosts, having
      an optimum pH of 4.5. The membrane-bound lipase showed its maximum activity at 38
      degrees C, and it was stable below 45 degrees C. The bound lipase was activated
      by octyl glucoside and 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate
      (CHAPS), but it was markedly inhibited by chicken serum. The lipase was
      solubilized with CHAPS, but the solubilized lipase was labile. The solubilized
      lipase showed its maximum activity at pH 4.5, 38 degrees C, and it was stable
      below 40 degrees C. The solubilized lipase was activated by CHAPS and octyl
      glucoside. The lipase was markedly inhibited by chicken serum. The solubilized
      lipase have a molecular mass more than 230,000 by Sephacryl S-300 gel filtration.

PMID- 3709930
TI  - Protein kinase C and leucine metabolism in intestinal crypt cells.
AB  - Intestinal cells were separated into fractions rich in villous or crypt cells.
      Alkaline phosphatase, present in villous cells, but absent from crypt cells, was
      used as a marker. Crypt cells were 3-6 times as active as villous cells in the
      metabolism of leucine or mevalonate. The previously reported stimulatory effect
      of albumin was twice as strong in crypt cells as that in villous cells. Reduced
      glutathione, spermidine HCl and ethanolamine (0.5-10 mM) did not replace albumin,
      the effect of which was maximal at 0.02 mM. Protein kinase C was shown to be
      present mainly in crypt cells.

PMID- 3709931
TI  - A weaker gelatin-binding affinity and increased glycosylation of amniotic fluid
      fibronectin than plasma fibronectin.
AB  - Human amniotic fluid fibronectin had different carbohydrate moieties from plasma
      fibronectin. Nearly 90% of glycopeptides released from amniotic fluid fibronectin
      was not bound by concanavalin A-Sepharose, whereas 75% of glycopeptides from
      plasma fibronectin was bound. Amniotic fluid fibronectin showed a significantly
      lower gelatin-binding affinity than plasma fibronectin at 25 degrees C. When the
      incubation temperature was lowered to 4 degrees C, no significant difference in
      this activity was found. Cell-attachment promoting activity of the two
      fibronectins was not significantly different.

PMID- 3709932
TI  - Hepatic pyruvate metabolism during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy
      in the rat.
AB  - Hepatic pyruvate kinase (PK) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDHa) specific
      activities were decreased after partial hepatectomy or sham operation. The
      decreases were more marked and sustained after partial hepatectomy. These
      activity changes ensure that hepatic carbon flux after partial hepatectomy is
      predominantly in the direction of gluconeogenesis. The decrease in PK specific
      activity observed after partial hepatectomy was associated with a decreased PK
      activation ratio (activity measured at 0.15 mM PEP: activity measured at 5.0 mM
      PEP), and hepatic concentrations of PEP were increased. The low hepatic PDHa
      activity observed at the first day after partial hepatectomy occurred
      concomitantly with an increased fatty acid concentration. PDHa activity increased
      after inhibition of lipolysis. The results indicate that carbohydrate utilization
      is unimportant for hepatic energy supply during liver regeneration. There was no
      evidence that the control of PK or PDH in the regenerative liver after partial
      hepatectomy differed from that observed in the liver of the unoperated rat.

PMID- 3709933
TI  - Studies on the multiple forms of aminopeptidase A in bovine seminal vesicle
      secretion.
AB  - After gel filtration, anion exchange chromatography and chromatofocusing
      aminopeptidase A (AP-A) of bovine seminal vesicle secretion (VS-S) was found to
      exist in multiple forms. Depending on the pH used (pH 6.5-8.5) gel filtration of
      VS-S revealed 1-3 forms of AP-A. At pH 8.5 two dissimilar low-molecular-weight
      forms of AP-A converted into aggregated high-molecular-weight form. The
      aggregated AP-A was dissociated into an intermediate form with Triton X-100
      and/or sodium deoxycholate and further into two low-molecular-weight forms with
      thiol compounds and neuraminidase. The aggregated, intermediate and low-molecular
      weight forms of AP-A displayed some differences in catalytic properties, modifier
      characteristics and thermal inhibition.

PMID- 3709934
TI  - Phosphorothioate analogues of phosphoribosyldiphosphate are substrates of
      quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase.
AB  - Phosphorothioate analogues of phosphoribosyldiphosphate (P-Rib-PP) can act as
      substrates of quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase. The order of effectiveness
      as substrates, with Mg2+ as the activating metal ion, was P-Rib-PP greater than P
      Rib-PPbeta S greater than P-Rib-PP alpha S(Sp) greater than P-Rib-PP alsph S(Rp).
      Cd2+ was more effective than Mg2+ with the Rp diastereommer.

PMID- 3709935
TI  - Effect of N-ethylmaleimide on rat liver phosphatidylcholine-specific and non
      specific transfer protein activities: its dependence on donor liposome
      composition.
AB  - Phosphatidylcholine exchange between liposomes and mitochondria catalyzed by rat
      liver phosphatidylcholine transfer protein is strongly stimulated by N
      ethylmaleimide (NEM) when PC/PI (molar ratio, 4:1) donor liposomes are used. In
      the presence of PC/PE or PC liposomes the exchange activity by this protein is
      unaffected. In the same experimental conditions, the activity of rat liver non
      specific transfer protein is always stimulated by N-ethylmaleimide with all the
      types of liposomes tested in the order PC/PI greater than PC/PE greater than PC.
      Since the effect of NEM depends on the type of liposomes used and appears to be
      similar for both phospholipid transfer proteins, the possibility that their mode
      of action implies the formation of a ternary complex should be considered. As far
      as non-specific transfer protein is concerned, its interaction could vary
      depending on the nature of the exchanging membranes. Data are also presented
      indicating that when the two transfer proteins are together their activity is
      additive, therefore suggesting a specific role in phospholipid biomembrane
      assembly for each of them.

PMID- 3709936
TI  - Inhibition of protein synthesis by (aminooxy)acetate in rat liver.
AB  - (Aminooxy)acetate and D-cycloserine, two inhibitors of hepatic transamination
      reactions, inhibited also protein synthesis in isolated cells and
      postmitochondrial supernatants from rat liver. Both inhibitors acted in extracts
      only in concentrations higher than 1 mM. However, while D-cycloserine acted in
      isolated cells, as in extracts, (aminooxy)acetate inhibits protein synthesis in
      isolated cells by 50% of the control in the range 0.03-3 mM. NH+4 and H2O2, two
      by-products of (aminooxy)acetate degradation, inhibited protein synthesis in
      isolated liver cells, but at such a high concentration that the inhibition of
      protein synthesis carried out by (aminooxy)acetate cannot be explained by
      generation of these species. The results point out that the inhibitory action of
      (aminooxy)acetate on protein synthesis appears to require the integrity of the
      molecule.

PMID- 3709937
TI  - Immunomodulating activities associated with the cytosol fraction of a 3
      methylcholanthrene-induced rat fibrosarcoma--II. Association with polyamine
      complexes.
AB  - This paper characterizes the molecular nature of the factors present in cytosol
      from F-344 rat McFiFi2(s) fibrosarcoma cells (FiCF) which mediate inhibition of
      PHA-induced lymphoproliferative responses. These are polyamines
      (spermine/spermidine) conjugated to different protein carriers. Interaction of
      these complexes with polyamine oxidase (PAO) present in fetal calf or rat serum
      is responsible of the suppression observed.

PMID- 3709938
TI  - Menadione inhibition of benzo(a)pyrene metabolism in whole cells, microsomes and
      reconstituted systems.
AB  - Menadione is known to decrease the mixed function oxidase mediated metabolism of
      a number of substrates in microsomal systems. The present study examines the
      effect of menadione on benzo(a)pyrene metabolism in whole cells, microsomes and a
      semi-purified reconstituted mixed function oxidase system. Menadione has a high
      affinity for the NADPH dependent cytochrome P-450 reductase and acts as a
      competitive inhibitor of cytochrome P-450 reductase in the metabolism of
      benzo(a)pyrene. This is the mechanism of inhibition of aryl hydrocarbon
      hydroxylase by menadione in reconstituted systems. In a whole cell system and at
      low concentrations of menadione, depletion of reduced pyridine nucleotides is the
      initial inhibitory event.

PMID- 3709939
TI  - Daily changes of protein synthesis and secretion rates in rat liver slices.
AB  - The rates of protein synthesis and secretion in rat liver slices showed temporal
      variability, as assessed by the use of [14C]leucine. The protein synthesis showed
      daily changes with two maxima at 13:00 and 01:00 hr and minimum at 17:00 hr. The
      secretion rate also varies within 24 hr showing biphasic pattern. The pattern of
      daily secretion rate for hydrophobic proteins differed from the pattern observed
      for acid proteins and glycoproteins.

PMID- 3709940
TI  - Oligodeoxynucleotides covalently linked to intercalating agents: a new family of
      gene regulatory substances.

PMID- 3709941
TI  - Base-pair mismatches in DNA fragments.

PMID- 3709942
TI  - DNA supercoiling and DNA structure.

PMID- 3709943
TI  - RecA-DNA helical complexes in genetic recombination.

PMID- 3709944
TI  - Mechanisms of thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue.

PMID- 3709946
TI  - Lipid polymorphism and membrane fusion.

PMID- 3709945
TI  - Fuel supply to brown adipose tissue.

PMID- 3709947
TI  - Cell fusion and measurement of membrane properties using electric fields and
      other forces.

PMID- 3709948
TI  - Salient features of artificially induced cell fusion.

PMID- 3709949
TI  - Structural changes in influenza virus haemagglutinin at the pH of membrane
      fusion.

PMID- 3709950
TI  - Phagosome-lysosome fusion.

PMID- 3709951
TI  - Peptide derivatives as prodrugs.
AB  - The results quoted here suggest strongly that peptides as prodrugs are a real
      possibility for future forms of therapy. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability are
      certainly altered by such modifications, usually in a positive sense. The
      possibilities in utilizing active transport permeases to direct drugs to the
      desired receptor are an obvious reality, and will undoubtedly lead to new methods
      for treating bacterial, fungal or even viral infections, and for improved ways of
      presenting anti-tumour agents. The number of patents appearing in this field is
      indicative of the interest shown in the pharmaceutical industry.

PMID- 3709952
TI  - Synthetic polymers as carriers for chemotherapeutic agents.

PMID- 3709953
TI  - A new perspective on pyridoxal chemistry and its relevance to enzyme inhibition.

PMID- 3709954
TI  - Anti-convulsant effects of manipulation of brain 4-aminobutyrate concentrations
      by selective enzyme inhibition.

PMID- 3709956
TI  - What to leave out: biochemistry in an American medical school.

PMID- 3709955
TI  - Cretinism: a culinary cure for the curriculum.

PMID- 3709957
TI  - Redesigning the biochemistry syllabus for medical students: experiences in Leeds.

PMID- 3709958
TI  - Biochemical education: the challenge of change.

PMID- 3709959
TI  - Pre-clinical microbiology and pharmacology of norfloxacin.

PMID- 3709960
TI  - Luteinising hormones activate a factor(s) in testicular interstitial fluid which
      increases testicular vascular permeability.
AB  - The mechanism by which hCG increases the rat testicular vascular permeability was
      studied by injecting the testes with hCG (0.1-100 ng) together with testicular
      interstitial fluid (150 mul) or with the fluid alone (control) and measuring the
      uptake of i.v. injected [125I]hCG and the interstitial fluid volume in the
      testes. Both parameters were already increased with 1 ng of hCG and maxima were
      seen with 2 ng of hCG. The effect of hCG was not inhibited by injection of a 1000
      fold excess of deglycosylated hCG together with hCG. No increase was seen after
      injection of 2 ng of hCG in saline or in rat serum. The response was specific to
      luteinising hormones since only rLH mimicked the effect of hCG, but
      deglycosylated hCG, rFSH or rat prolactin did not. Denaturation of the fluid or
      addition of serine protease inhibitor (p-aminobenzamidine) to the fluid prevented
      the effect of hCG. Treatment of the hCG-activated fluid with anti-hCG gamma
      globulin Sepharose did not abolish the permeability effect of the fluid. This,
      and the finding that hCG is not catabolised during incubation in the fluid,
      suggests that hCG itself is not transformed to a vasoactive compound in the
      fluid. These results strongly suggest that luteinising hormones activate a
      factor(s) in rat testicular fluid which mediates their permeability effect. The
      putative factor(s) seems to be heat-sensitive with a molecular weight of over 10
      000 Da.

PMID- 3709961
TI  - Synthesis of a high molecular weight thyroglobulin dimer by two ovine thyroid
      cell lines: the OVNIS.
AB  - The OVNIS 6H and 5H thyroid cells, 2 permanent cell lines isolated 3 years ago
      from ovine tissue, synthesize a high molecular weight glycosylated protein,
      immunologically related to ovine thyroglobulin, which is similar to the
      prothyroid hormone dimer (17-19) S: thyroglobulin. Using sucrose gradient
      centrifugation and cell labelling with [14C]Leu or [3H]GlNH2, radioactivity was
      observed in proteins purified from cell layers and from cell culture media.
      Addition of thyrotropin to or removal from the media resulted respectively in an
      increase (+773%) or decrease (-1090%) of the total radioactivity detected in the
      (17-19)S thyroglobulin fraction. Estimation of thyroglobulin by RIA gave similar
      though less pronounced effects. These experiments prove (1) that thyroglobulin is
      still expressed in these OVNIS thyroid cell lines even after 3 years of permanent
      culture, (2) that TSH modulates the level of this protein through a TSH-receptor
      functional system.

PMID- 3709962
TI  - Regulation of protein phosphorylation by triiodothyronine (T3) in neural cell
      cultures. Part I: Astrocytes.
AB  - Dissociated cells from 2-day-old rat cerebral hemispheres were cultured for 17
      days in absence of thyroid hormones using conditions yielding mainly glial cells.
      Triiodothyronine (10(-8) M) was added for 0-72 h before the end of the incubation
      and [32P]phosphate was added for the last 4 h. Soluble (105,000 X g supernatant),
      particulate (105,000 X g pellet) and HMG (high mobility group; 0.75 M perchloric
      acid-soluble proteins) fractions were prepared and phosphorylated proteins in
      each fraction were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In the soluble
      fraction a protein (Mr = 19,000) incorporates less [32P]phosphate after only 4 h
      of T3 treatment. The maximal effect is attained after 7 h (-42%) and remains
      unchanged up until 72 h. In this fraction, the phosphorylation of some other
      proteins is increased but the maximal effect is observed 48 and 72 h after T3
      administration. In the particulate fraction, exposure to T3 rapidly (4 h)
      increases the amount of a protein (Mr = 45,000) identified as beta-actin. Protein
      phosphorylation in this fraction is slightly, or not at all, affected by T3. In
      contrast, a rapid (between 4 and 7 h) increased phosphorylation of a 17 kDa
      protein in the HMG fraction is observed following T3 stimulation. This nuclear
      protein was further characterized as HMG 14. These results show that thyroid
      hormones can produce direct effects (not mediated by neurons) on the
      phosphorylation of specific proteins in cultured glial cells. Possible functional
      implications of the observed protein changes are discussed in this paper.

PMID- 3709963
TI  - Regulation of protein phosphorylation by triiodothyronine (T3) in neural cell
      cultures. Part II: Neurons.
AB  - Cerebral hemisphere from 16- to 18-day-old rat fetuses were dissociated and cells
      were cultured in absence of thyroid hormones. Neuron-enriched cultures were
      obtained either by using cells after 6 days of culture (before extensive glial
      cell proliferation) or by adding cytosine arabinoside for 48 h after 4 days of
      culture and using cells on day 9. Cells were incubated with T3 (10(-8) M) for 0
      72 h and [32P]phosphate was added for the last 4 h of incubation. HMG (high
      mobility group; 0.75 M perchloric acid-soluble proteins) were prepared and
      phosphorylated proteins were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. T3
      rapidly (4-7 h) increased the phosphorylation of histone H1 and of a protein with
      apparent molecular mass of 17000 Da identified as HMG 14. In addition, in cells
      not treated with cytosine arabinoside, histone H1 was resolved into 3
      subfractions and each of these responded to the hormone with a different time
      course. These results indicate that thyroid hormones act on the phosphorylation
      of specific nuclear proteins and therefore may influence chromatin structure and
      gene expression in primary neuronal cell cultures.

PMID- 3709964
TI  - The embryo-forming potency of the posterior marginal zone in stages X through XII
      of the chick.
AB  - At stage X a small posterior marginal zone (PM) fragment, when transplanted into
      similar-size hole in the lateral marginal zone, can initiate the development of
      an ectopic axis. The laterally transplanted PM, inhibits the regeneration of an
      axis at the original posterior side from the lateral section of the marginal zone
      (LM) inserted to replace it. At stage XI both the axis-forming and inhibitory
      capacities of the PM fragment become weaker and an axis-forming capacity starts
      to build up anterior to the PM, resulting in the formation of two primitive
      streaks at 90 degrees to each other. At stage XII the change of potencies
      exhibited at stage XI is more pronounced, the ability of the transplanted PM to
      promote axis formation at the new site is lost, and an axis is formed from the
      original posterior side of the blastoderm.

PMID- 3709965
TI  - The gut supports neurogenic differentiation of periocular mesenchyme, a
      chondrogenic neural crest-derived cell population.
AB  - Periocular mesenchyme (PM) is a mesencephalic neural crest derived cell
      population which as a result of an interaction with the retinal pigment
      epithelium forms the scleral cartilage of the avian eye. Enteric neurons are
      derived from vagal crest cells which invade the gut. To study factors which
      regulate neuronal differentiation, we investigated whether the gut could direct
      neurogenesis in PM, a cell population that does not produce neurons in vivo. We
      report here that PM cultured in the presence of aneural chick hindgut on the
      chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), invaded the gut and formed large numbers of
      neurons. These were localized in enteric ganglia and contained neurofilament
      immunoreactivity, vasoactive intestinal peptide immunoreactivity, and
      somatostatin immunoreactivity. In the control PM cultured alone on the CAM, a
      small number of cells contained neurofilament immunoreactivity but lacked the
      appearance of mature neurons.

PMID- 3709966
TI  - Cell fate and cell lineage in the endoderm of the presomite mouse embryo, studied
      with an intracellular tracer.
AB  - The fate of the embryonic endoderm (generally called visceral embryonic endoderm)
      of midstreak to neural plate stages of the mouse embryo was studied by
      microinjecting horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into single axial endoderm cells in
      situ, and tracing the labeled descendants to early somite stages in vitro. Axial
      endoderm cells along the anterior fifth of the late streak/neural plate stage
      embryo contributed descendants either to the yolk sac endoderm or to the anterior
      intestinal portal. Cells of the exposed head process contributed to the trunk
      endoderm and notochord; neighboring endoderm cells contributed to the dorsal
      foregut. Contributions to the ventral foregut came from endoderm at, and anterior
      to, the distal tip of the younger, midstreak embryo (in which the head process
      was not yet exposed). Endoderm over the primitive streak contributed to the
      postsomite endoderm. We argue from these results and those in the literature that
      during gastrulation the axial embryonic endoderm is of mixed lineage: (1) an
      anterior population of cells is derived from primitive endoderm and contributes
      to the yolk sac endoderm; (2) a population at, and anterior to, the distal tip of
      the midstreak embryo, extending more anteriorly at late streak/neural plate
      stages, is presumed to emerge from primitive ectoderm at the beginning of
      gastrulation and contributes to the foregut and anterior intestinal portal; (3)
      the axial portion of the head process that begins to incorporate into the ventral
      surface at the late streak stage contributes to notochord and trunk endoderm.
      Cells or their descendants that were destined to die within 24 hr were evident at
      the midstreak stage. There was a linear trend in the incidence of cell death
      among labeled cells at the late streak/neural plate stages, ranging from 27%
      caudal to the node to 57% in the anterior fifth of the embryo. The surviving
      axial endoderm cells divided sufficiently fast to double the population in 24 hr.

PMID- 3709967
TI  - Acquisition of developmental autonomy in the equatorial region of the Xenopus
      embryo.
AB  - This paper describes a continuing effort to define the location and mode of
      action of morphogenetic determinants which direct the development of dorsal body
      axis structures in embryos of the frog Xenopus laevis. Earlier results
      demonstrated that presumptive endodermal cells in one vegetal quadrant of the 64
      cell embryo can, under certain experimental conditions, induce partial or
      complete body axis formation by progeny of adjacent equatorial cells. (R.L.
      Gimlich and J.C. Gerhart, 1984, Dev. Biol. 104, 117-130). I have now assessed the
      importance of other blastomeres for embryonic axis formation in a series of
      transplantation experiments using cells from the equatorial level of the 32-cell
      embryo. The transplant recipients were embryos which had been irradiated with
      ultraviolet light before first cleavage. Without transplantation, embryos failed
      to develop the dorsal structures of the embryonic body axis. However, cells of
      these recipients were competent to respond to inductive signals from transplanted
      tissue and to participate in normal embryogenesis. Dorsal equatorial cells, but
      not their lateral or ventral counterparts, often caused partial or complete body
      axis development in irradiated recipients, and themselves formed much of the
      notochord and some prechordal and somitic mesoderm. These are the same structures
      that they would have formed in the normal donor. Thus, the dorsal equatorial
      blastomeres were often at least partially autonomous in developing according to
      their prospective fates. In addition, they induced progeny of neighboring host
      cells to contribute to the axial mesoderm and to form most of the central nervous
      system. The frequency with which such transplants caused complete axis formation
      in irradiated hosts increased when they were made at later and later cleavage
      stages. In contrast, the inductive activity of vegetal cells remained the same or
      declined during the cleavage period. These and other results suggest that the egg
      cytoplasmic region containing "axial determinants" is distributed to both
      endodermal and mesodermal precursors in the dorsal-most quadrant of the early
      blastula.

PMID- 3709968
TI  - In vitro analysis of cellular metaplasia from pigmented epithelial cells to lens
      phenotypes: a unique model system for studying cellular and molecular mechanisms
      of "transdifferentiation".
AB  - Pigmented epithelial cells (PECs) were dissociated from eyes of 8- to 9-day-old
      chick embryos and were cultured in EdF medium (Eagle's MEM supplemented with
      dialyzed fetal bovine serum) containing phenylthiourea (PTU) and testicular
      hyaluronidase (HUase). The PECs rapidly lost melanosomes as they proliferated and
      dedifferentiated in culture. These dedifferentiated PECs (dePECs) which did not
      manifest any identifiable specificity could be directed to one of two different
      differentiated phenotypes; viz., lens or pigment cells, depending upon subsequent
      culture conditions. Almost all dePECs began to synthesize melanin and
      redifferentiated to PECs by Day 10 of culture with EdF medium containing ascorbic
      acid (AsA). In contrast, the sister population of dePECs, when cultured at
      extremely high cell density with EdF medium containing PTU, HUase and AsA,
      synthesized delta-crystallin which is specific for lens. This
      transdifferentiation into lens cells occurred by Day 15 of culture. Using this
      culture system we are able to produce a homogeneous cell population with the
      potential for synchronous differentiation into either lens or pigment cell
      phenotype. The system is useful for studying mechanisms involved in cellular
      metaplasia.

PMID- 3709969
TI  - Independence of cell shape and loss of cartilage matrix production during
      retinoic acid treatment of cultured chondrocytes.
AB  - Retinoic acid has been shown to cause chondrocytes in culture to flatten and to
      inhibit the synthesis of cartilage specific components. Since the biochemical
      expression of chondrocytes is considered to be dependent on cell shape, it has
      been proposed that retinoic acid acts on these cells primarily by causing a
      change in cell morphology. This hypothesis was tested by culturing chick sternal
      chondrocytes suspended in methyl cellulose, which prevents cell flattening.
      Cultures were labeled with [35S]methionine and differentiation was assessed by
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results showed that retinoic acid-treated
      chondrocytes in suspension remained rounded but synthesized proteins
      characteristic of flattened or dedifferentiated chondrocytes. Chondrocytes
      exposed to retinoic acid in suspension became fibroblastic when placed in
      monolayer culture in the absence of retinoic acid. This effect was irreversible
      after 2 weeks of culture. These results suggest that retinoic acid has a direct
      molecular or biochemical effect on the chondrocyte and that the cell shape change
      is secondary.

PMID- 3709970
TI  - Axis determination in polyspermic Xenopus laevis eggs.
AB  - Polyspermic Xenopus laevis eggs can be identified easily because of regions of
      pigment accumulation and white stripes, which arise by a nocodazole-sensitive
      process. Eggs containing up to four sperm are capable of forming a single
      embryonic axis. Dispermic eggs display two regions of pigment accumulation, one
      around each sperm entry point (SEP), and one white stripe between the SEPs. Such
      eggs with a 180 degree separation between the SEPs were bisected before first
      cleavage along the white stripe, creating dorsal and ventral halves in many
      cases. Each half cleaved and formed a tadpole. When eggs were bisected early in
      the period of cytoplasmic reorganization (0.5-0.6 normalized time), each half
      could form a complete tadpole. When eggs were bisected after the period of
      reorganization (0.8-0.9), often one half formed a tadpole with a complete head
      but reduced or absent tail and the other half formed a tadpole with a complete
      tail but reduced or absent head. These results demonstrate that sperm cooperate
      to give a single embryonic axis in polyspermic eggs and the development of dorsal
      and ventral egg halves differs after egg reorganization before first cleavage.

PMID- 3709971
TI  - Developmental analysis of the torso-like phenotype in Drosophila produced by a
      maternal-effect locus.
AB  - The segmental plan of the Drosophila embryo is already established at the
      blastoderm stage through the action of maternal effect genes which determine the
      polarity of the embryo and zygotically active genes involved in segmentation. We
      have analyzed the first example of a group of maternally acting genes which are
      necessary for establishing the developmental potential of the posterior 25% of
      the blastoderm. Females, homozygous for the X-linked maternal-effect mutation
      female sterile(1)Nasrat211 [fs(1)N211], produce embryos, characterized as torso
      like, which lack all posterior endodermal derivatives as well as structures
      characteristic of abdominal segments 8 to 10. In addition, anterior endodermal
      derivatives are deficient and the absence of pharyngeal musculature causes a
      collapse of the cephalopharyngeal apparatus. The columnar blastoderm cell layer
      is defective at the posterior tip below the pole cells in these embryos. This
      defect, however, is presumably secondary to some abnormal feature of pole cell
      formation since in double mutants of fs(1)Nasrat211; tudor3 the blastoderm is
      normal but the embryos still show the torso-like phenotype. In situ hybridization
      with RNA probes derived from the fushi tarazu gene establishes that the cellular
      determination of the posterior blastoderm of embryos produced by fs(1)N211 is
      changed. This represents the first direct demonstration that a maternal-effect
      mutation alters the spatial distribution of a zygotic gene product involved in
      the segmental patterning of the embryo.

PMID- 3709972
TI  - Residual morphogenetic competence in the proximal core region of stage 25 chick
      limbs: Zwilling's hypothesis revisited.
AB  - Morphogenetic competence (MC) exists in embryonic limb tissue once thought to
      have lost this property as a consequence of cytodifferentiation. By stage 25 of
      chick embryonic development, cells in the proximal core of the limb have
      committed to the cartilage phenotype and are producing their characteristic
      extracellular matrix. Recombinant limb-bud grafts constructed using isolated
      fragments of this tissue produce outgrowths with a limb-like skeletal pattern.
      Inclusion of proximal peripheral tissue in the grafts (with or without the
      polarizing tissue) inhibits outgrowth and skeletal morphogenesis, explaining the
      failure of earlier studies to reveal the MC of the proximal core (chondrogenic)
      cells. Since definitive chondroblasts express MC in more permissive surroundings,
      it appears that Zwilling's assertion, that the onset of cytodifferentiation
      causes the loss of MC, is an oversimplification and that complex tissue
      interactions are probably involved.

PMID- 3709973
TI  - Behavioral displays to gustatory stimuli in newborn rat pups.
AB  - These experiments examine behavioral responses to taste stimuli in newborn rat
      pups during the first 4 postnatal days. Motor displays in the face and head
      regions of 90 neonate rats were recorded during 60-sec observation periods in a
      double-blind setting. Stimuli, presented as single droplets to the lips, included
      2 concentrations each of sucrose, sodium saccharin, citric acid, quinine, and
      distilled water. Results from 5 different judges making "blind" and independent
      observations on different animals were compared for concordance. It was agreed
      that certain features were consistently associated with one stimulus more than
      another. Licking and rhythmic mouth movements were found to be the most salient
      features elicited by sweet stimuli, while head movements and gaping most
      accurately identified quinine. The sour reaction often contained components
      characterizing both sweet and bitter. Salient features differed not only by their
      association with certain stimuli, but by their repetitive frequencies as well as
      by their likelihood to initiate a behavioral sequence. Intensity and hedonic
      values assigned to taste-induced behaviors were usually different from water and
      accurately related to stimulus type. Results suggest that the gustatory system
      becomes functionally mature during the first postnatal days, and that this
      functionality occurs before the structural development of all taste buds is
      complete.

PMID- 3709975
TI  - The role of penile stimulation and ejaculatory experience on the development and
      maintenance of reproductive behavior in the bull (Bos taurus).
AB  - To determine the role of afferent input from the penis and copulatory experience
      on the ontogeny of reproductive behavior, 49 bulls were randomly assigned to the
      following groups: control; surgical penile deflection (penis deviation), which
      prevents intromission; penile neurectomy; or penis deviation plus neurectomy.
      Sexual performance tests were conducted at 3-month intervals from 9 to 24 months
      of age. Bulls deviated but not neurectomized mounted more frequently than bulls
      in the other groups. The low mount frequency for control bulls in tests in which
      copulation occurred was due to the sexually quiescent postejaculatory refractory
      period. Preventing control bulls from copulating by affixing cloth patches to
      females' perinea increased mount frequency to the level of deviated bulls. It is
      concluded that copulatory experience is not essential to the development and
      maintenance of normal mounting activity. However, sensory stimulation from the
      penis facilitates the expression of sexual behaviors.

PMID- 3709974
TI  - The ontogeny of salt preference in rats.
AB  - Many mammals eat salt irrespective of need. This behavior, called salt preference
      or appetite, is studied primarily in adults. Little is known about its ontogeny.
      In these experiments, 3-18-day-old rat pups were offered saline, quinine, or
      ammonium chloride solutions by infusion through an anterior oral catheter, and
      intake was measured. At 6-18 days, pups showed the inverted U-shaped preference
      aversion curve for NaCl that is characteristic of adult rats. Thus, rats express
      a preference for salt at a very early age. However, the curves were broader than
      the typical adult curve and were shifted along the concentration gradient in an
      age-related fashion. Consumption of quinine and ammonium chloride showed similar
      age-related changes. These changes may reflect the postnatal timing of the
      development of the rat gustatory system.

PMID- 3709976
TI  - The ontogeny of independent ingestion in mice: or, why won't infant mice feed?
AB  - Unlike infant rats, which show deprivation-related ingestion in several different
      test situations, infant mice appeared to be relatively unwilling to feed
      independently of suckling until 12 days of age. We tested mouse pups that were
      deprived (of food, water, suckling, and maternal care) for 1, 7, or 24 hr in
      ingestive tests in which a milk diet was spread on the floor of their test
      container (Experiment 1). Pups at 3, 6, and 9 days of age consumed small amounts
      of the diet and showed little increase in intake when deprivation was increased.
      In contrast (and like rat pups of all ages), mouse pups 12 and 15 days of age
      actively ingested the diet and increased their intake with increased deprivation.
      Six-day-old mouse pups were similarly unwilling to ingest a 5% sucrose solution,
      though 12-day-old pups showed deprivation-related intake (Experiment 2). Cellular
      dehydration (produced by hypertonic saline injection), a potent stimulus for
      ingestion in infant rats, did not stimulate ingestion in mice younger than 12
      days of age (Experiment 3). Finally, when ingestion was tested with diet
      infusions made through oral cannulas, mouse pups at 6 and 9 days of age showed
      only a slight increase in intake with increased deprivation. However, by 12 days
      of age, pups' ingestion increased markedly with deprivation (Experiment 4). Thus,
      mouse pups seem to be very different from rat pups with respect to the early
      existence of ingestive systems. The neural substrates for the ingestive responses
      that subserve independent ingestion are only minimally present in infant mice or
      are somehow inhibited.

PMID- 3709977
TI  - The development of cyclic motility in fetuses of diabetic mothers.
AB  - The cyclic organization of spontaneous movement was studied longitudinally in 22
      fetuses of diabetic mothers (FDMs) during the third trimester of gestation and
      quantified with spectral analysis. Cyclic motility at frequencies between .08 and
      1.22 cycles/min was found in all fetuses, although it was temporarily absent in
      12 of the 22 fetuses at some time between 25 and 38 weeks. While some parameters
      of cyclic motility changed little, the frequency of the dominant motility cycle
      doubled from .24 to .48 cycle/min between 28 and 36 weeks, and the relative
      strength of motility cycles in the band between .18 and 1.02 cycles/min decreased
      temporarily at 36 weeks. These developmental changes and the common absence of
      cyclic motility contrast sharply with previous findings in normal fetuses, and
      (except for its absence) are accounted for by a subgroup of FDMs whose mothers'
      blood glucose levels were least well controlled during the third trimester of
      gestation. The presence of cyclic motility in all FDMs provides further evidence
      that cyclic activation is a basic property of the developing central nervous
      system in the human, as it appears to be in other vertebrates. However, the
      differences between FDMs and normal fetuses suggest that the development of
      cyclic motility is sensitive to disturbances in the fetal metabolic environment.

PMID- 3709978
TI  - Prenatal stress affects mother-infant interaction in Norway rats.
AB  - Pregnant Long-Evans rats were stressed by crowding, and subsequent mother-infant
      interactions were described after cross-fostering. Prenatally stressed pups
      elicited less maternal licking from unstressed foster dams than controls, and
      previously stressed dams licked unstressed foster pups less than controls. No
      other differences in mother-infant interactions were detected. Adult offspring
      reared by foster dams that were stressed during pregnancy were more active in an
      open field than controls, but prenatally stressed and unstressed animals reared
      by control dams did not differ. Thus, stress during pregnancy can alter the
      maternal behavior of stressed dams, and the differential maternal stimulation can
      affect adult open-field behavior. Because prenatally stressed pups elicit
      different maternal care, cross-fostering does not eliminate the possibility that
      maternal stimulation may mediate some prenatal stress effects.

PMID- 3709979
TI  - Postural and lateral asymmetries in the ontogeny of handedness during infancy.
AB  - Ten newborn infants who preferred to lie with their heads turned rightward and
      ten who preferred to lie with their heads turned leftward had their hand-use
      preferences for reaching assessed at 8 different ages during the period 12-74
      weeks postpartum. Eighteen infants maintained stable hand-use preferences
      throughout this period and the direction of their neonatal head orientation
      preference predicted the hand they preferred to use. The neonatal head-turn
      preference was maintained through the first 2 months and induced lateral
      asymmetries in visual regard and motor control of the hands. These lateral
      asymmetries are plausible contributors to mechanisms linking neonatal headturn
      preference to infant hand-use preference. Thus, the dextral bias in handedness
      may be derived, in part, from the rightward bias in neonatal head-turn
      preference.

PMID- 3709980
TI  - Spatiotemporal linkage in infant interlimb coordination.
AB  - Timing and direction of movement of the arms and hands of 7- and 11-month-old
      infants were examined during bimanual reaching for a transparent cube. Videotape
      analysis of frames from release of the hands to initial contact of one hand with
      the cube revealed that hand movement was more often temporally linked for 7-month
      infants than for 11-month infants. Also, at 7 months, the hands moved toward the
      cube in the same direction, whereas at 11 months, they moved in opposite
      (complementary) directions. Thus, although both 7- and 11-month infants perform
      bimanual reaching, at 7 months the 2 hands are linked both in timing and
      direction of movement in a fashion different than at 11 months.

PMID- 3709981
TI  - Visually imprinted maternal preference in ducklings is redirected by social
      interaction with siblings.
AB  - This study examined the influence of social interaction with broodmates on a
      visually imprinted maternal preference in domestic mallard ducklings (Anas
      platyrhynchos) during the first three days of postnatal life. Twenty-four-hour
      old ducklings were allowed to follow a stuffed mallard hen for 30 min. This
      experience resulted in a visually imprinted preference for the familiar stuffed
      hen over 4 stuffed ducklings in simultaneous choice tests at 48 and 72 hr after
      hatching, but only if the imprinted birds were kept in social isolation.
      Imprinted ducklings reared in a social group containing either same-age siblings
      or the stuffed mallard hen and same-age siblings displayed a visual preference
      for the stuffed ducklings over the familiar mallard hen at 48 and 72 hr tests. As
      a first step in the analysis of the features of the social exposure to siblings
      that are necessary for the redirection of the visually imprinted maternal
      preference, it was found that direct social interaction is essential to establish
      the preference for ducklings, but even mere visual exposure to siblings does away
      with the imprinted maternal preference. These results provide striking evidence
      of the ready redirection of a species-specific maternal preference in otherwise
      imprinted ducklings.

PMID- 3709982
TI  - Infanticide by virgin CF-1 and wild male house mice (Mus musculus): effects of
      age, prolonged isolation, and testing procedure.
AB  - The frequency of infanticide by juvenile, young-adult, and adult male house mice
      (Mus musculus) was compared in CF-1 albino mice and the F1-F4 male offspring of
      wild mice trapped in Missouri. When tested in their home cages for their behavior
      toward a single 2-day-old pup after being individually housed for 5 days,
      juvenile CF-1 and wild males were equally likely to exhibit infanticide (about
      35%). But, adult wild males were significantly more likely to exhibit infanticide
      (about 90%) than were adult CF-1 males (about 45%). We propose that differences
      in exposure to testosterone during fetal life may contribute to the difference in
      the incidence of infanticide between CF-1 and wild males. Prolonged isolation (45
      days) significantly reduced the proportion of wild male mice that exhibited
      infanticide when the males were tested in their home cages, but not when the
      males were tested by being placed into the cage of lactating females and their 2
      day-old young. Virtually all adult wild males exhibited infanticide when they
      were tested in their home cages (with either a 2-day-old or 7-day-old pup) or
      when they were placed into the cages of lactating wild female mice and their 2
      day-old young. But, when adult wild males were placed with lactating wild females
      on Day 7 postpartum, the females attacked the males and most males were prevented
      from exhibiting infanticide.

PMID- 3709983
TI  - Augmented auditory feedback as an aid in gait training of the cerebral-palsied
      child.
AB  - This pilot study assessed the usefulness of biofeedback in the gait training of
      seven children with various forms of cerebral palsy. Promising results were
      obtained for well-motivated children, and it is thought that this form of
      training may be successful for carefully selected patients.

PMID- 3709984
TI  - Traumatic parturitional intracranial hemorrhage.
AB  - Twenty-five cases of intracranial hemorrhage due to injury at birth, encountered
      over a seven-year period, are presented. CT scans showed many different pathways
      of spread of tentorial hemorrhage; the likelihood of an arterial source is
      emphasized. Recurrent or delayed bleeding was documented twice. Surgical
      evacuation of hematomas was necessary in 10 cases, seven involving hemorrhage
      into the posterior fossa. There were three deaths, one due to pulmonary
      hemorrhage complicating subtentorial subdural hematoma, another due to severe
      central parenchymal hemorrhage and a third because of postoperative cerebellar
      hemorrhage due to disseminated intravascular coagulation. Three survivors are
      dependent on shunts, two because of the birth injury. The outcome for
      neurological and intellectual function depends more on associated asphyxia than
      on the trauma.

PMID- 3709985
TI  - Trophic changes following early unilateral injury to the brain.
AB  - Measurements of the lengths of the feet and hands are reported for 15
      neurologically normal children and for 17 children with left and 12 with right
      cerebral lesions. For those with left lesions the length of the left hand and
      foot significantly exceeded the right, while for those with right lesions the
      right hand and foot significantly exceeded the left. No significant foot or hand
      differences were found among the neurologically normal children. These findings
      demonstrate the association of atrophic limb-changes with unilateral brain
      lesions, and suggest that asymmetrical foot and hand growth may be a biological
      marker of early cerebral lesions.

PMID- 3709986
TI  - Use of chronological and adjusted ages to compare motor development of healthy
      preterm and fullterm infants.
AB  - To investigate the influence of gestational age at birth on motor development in
      infancy and the practice of basing motor assessments of preterm infants on an
      adjusted age, 21 healthy preterm and 23 fullterm infants were administered the
      Peabody Developmental Motor Scales at 12, 15 and 18 months of age. When quotients
      were based on chronological age, both the mean gross-motor and fine-motor
      developmental quotients of the fullterm group were significantly higher than
      those of the preterm group, indicating that the fullterm group had higher levels
      of motor development. However, when the quotients of the preterm group were based
      on adjusted age, which accounted for gestational age at birth, the motor
      quotients of the two groups did not differ significantly. It seems that motor
      development of healthy preterm and fullterm infants differs primarily as a
      function of gestational age at birth, which supports maturational theory and the
      practice of making age adjustments when evaluating motor development of preterm
      infants.

PMID- 3709987
TI  - Measurement of kinaesthetic sensitivity.
AB  - Two recent papers (Laszlo and Bairstow 1980, Bairstow and Laszlo 1981) have used
      the method of constant stimuli to measure kinaesthetic difference thresholds. If
      this method is used, however, certain constraints must be observed: these concern
      the values of the stimuli relative to the threshold, and the numbers of
      observations made at each value. Laszlo and Bairstow appear to have neglected
      these constraints, which must cast doubt on their results. In any case, the
      method of constant stimuli has largely been superseded by staircase techniques
      for threshold estimation, on grounds of economy of trials for a given level of
      accuracy in estimation. It is concluded, therefore, that the details of the
      method as described by Laszlo and Bairstow are unsuitable for testing
      kinaesthetic sensitivity, and that other methods are preferable.

PMID- 3709988
TI  - Measurement of kinaesthetic sensitivity: a reply to Doyle and colleagues.
AB  - Doyle and colleagues (1986) are critical of the methodology employed in previous
      studies on the measurement of kinaesthetic sensitivity. Their criticisms are
      inappropriate in the context of the purpose and the final form of a standardized
      test of kinaesthetic sensitivity (Laszlo and Bairstow 1985b). They suggest an
      alternative methodology and imply--on the basis of a lack of correlation between
      different measures of sensitivity--that it is superior to the earlier
      methodology. The two methodologies give different measures of kinaesthetic
      sensitivity, and the reasons for a lack of correlation are discussed.

PMID- 3709989
TI  - Acute transverse myelopathy in childhood.
AB  - The clinical features and outcome of idiopathic acute transverse myelopathy were
      reviewed for 21 children aged between seven months and 14 years. Pain, most
      commonly in the back, was the initial symptom for 12 patients; for another six it
      was weakness and for two urinary retention. All patients had weakness of the
      legs, and 11 had arm weakness as well. Five patients had very acute onset of
      severe weakness and were unable to walk within three hours of onset of symptoms.
      Two children made no significant recovery; for the remainder onset of recovery
      was evident within two to 17 days. 12 patients later were normal or had only
      minimal neurological deficit, but nine had a poor outcome with major disturbance
      of motor or sphincter function. Only one of the five with very acute onset had a
      good outcome. Over-all, the prognosis after acute transverse myelopathy in
      childhood is a little better than that reported for adults.

PMID- 3709990
TI  - Exertion level and the intensity of associated movements.
AB  - Associated movements in the contralateral limbs were measured quantitatively for
      42 seven- to eight-year-old children who wrote with the right hand. Associated
      movements of the contralateral homologous muscles systematically increased as a
      function of the intensity of contraction of the active hand. The associated
      movements were more intense when the left hand was active. The order of hand use
      markedly affected the lateral asymmetry, indicating that the right and left hands
      were affected differentially by previous activity. Associated movements of the
      contralateral antagonist muscles were also observed, and their frequency varied
      as a function of active hand and exertion level.

PMID- 3709991
TI  - Sedimentation cytomorphology of the CSF in ventriculitis.
AB  - The cytological technique of cytocentrifugation and millipore filter collection
      of cells allows accurate identification of cells in the CSF. This study reports
      the changing CSF cell-populations during 26 episodes of ventriculitis in children
      with shunts to control hjydrocephalus. There was a significant discordance
      between lymphocytes and macrophages in the CSF. Neurosurgery led to a 20 per cent
      increase in neutrophils on the first postoperative day, with a progressive
      decline to a mean of 10 cells on the fourth postoperative day. There was a small
      decrease in lymphocytes on the first postoperative day, followed by an increase
      on the second day. Macrophages were reduced by 12 per cent on the first
      postoperative day and then steadily increased from the second to the fourth day.
      A mean number of two peaks (of all cells) occurred during the treatment for
      ventriculitis: there was a greater number of of neutrophils in the first peak,
      with less lymphocytes and macrophages than in the second peak. This study
      supports the advantages of this technique in the diagnosis and management of
      ventriculitis.

PMID- 3709992
TI  - Stress in families of children with myelomeningocele.
AB  - Three aspects of stress were investigated in 56 families with a child with
      myelomeningocele and in 53 matched comparison families. Children with
      myelomeningocele were found to have lower self-concepts than the comparison
      children, but this did not apply to the siblings in the two groups. Severity of
      handicap was related to marital satisfaction, in that parents of more severely
      handicapped children had higher levels of marital satisfaction than parents of
      less severely involved children. The findings imply that ways should be found of
      improving the self-concepts of children with myelomeningocele, and of examining
      interrelationships between the child's self-concept and patterns of family
      interaction.

PMID- 3709993
TI  - Effects of fenfluramine on eight outpatients with the syndrome of autism.
AB  - Fenfluramine was administered to eight autistic outpatients in a double-blind
      study to determine its effects on symptomatic behavior, developmental scores,
      blood serotonin levels and platelet counts. Two children benefited substantially
      according to academic and cognitive tests, parental and teacher reports and the
      principal investigator's clinical impressions. They also manifested behavioral
      and mood swings. The remaining six children showed varying degrees of response;
      one was withdrawn during the study by his parents. The greatest improvement
      occurred in children with an IQ above 40; the more severely retarded improved
      little, and primarily in the motor sphere.

PMID- 3709994
TI  - Difficulties in comparing outcomes of low-birthweight studies because of
      obsolescent test norms.

PMID- 3709996
TI  - Development of human blood-CSF-brain barrier.

PMID- 3709995
TI  - Progressive familial myoclonus without EEG abnormality.

PMID- 3709997
TI  - Cysteamine induces duodenal ulcer in the mouse.
AB  - A new model of duodenal ulcer disease has been developed in the mouse. The ulcers
      were produced after either oral or subcutaneous administration of cysteamine
      which has been shown to cause duodenal ulcer in the rat. Cysteamine induced
      duodenal ulcers in a time- and dose-dependent manner after oral administration.
      The new mouse model shares many similarities with both the rat model and human
      ulcer disease. Cysteamine caused a significant increase in gastric acidity and
      pepsin activity. The mouse can be protected against the cysteamine-induced
      duodenal ulcer by either the dopamine agonist lergotrile or histamine H2 receptor
      antagonist cimetidine. This new model of duodenal ulcer disease in the mouse may
      represent a simple and inexpensive way to screen for new antiulcerogenic drugs.

PMID- 3709998
TI  - Histology and bacteriology of closed duodenal loop models of experimental acute
      pancreatitis in the rat.
AB  - Three variants of closed duodenal loop models of experimental acute pancreatitis
      in the rat have been analysed histologically and bacteriologically. Histological
      studies showed that the resulting pancreatitis was usually mild to moderate,
      being severe only in association with sepsis. Furthermore the duodenal wall
      became necrotic in most animals. Bacteriological studies revealed gross infection
      as a major complication. Peritoneal fluid and blood cultures taken at the time of
      animal sacrifice consistently demonstrated large numbers of bacteria. It is
      concluded that although these models undoubtedly cause acute pancreatitis, other
      more severe pathological events occur. Deductions regarding acute pancreatitis
      drawn from this type of model are therefore not relevant to the human disease.

PMID- 3709999
TI  - Duodenal calcium in chronic pancreatitis: is it of diagnostic value?
AB  - Chronic pancreatitis has been reported to be associated with an increased
      secretion of calcium in pancreatic juice. To determine whether estimation of
      duodenal calcium may be useful for diagnosing chronic pancreatitis, we compared
      duodenal calcium output in patients with chronic pancreatitis and in subjects
      without pancreatic disease, during intravenous infusion of secretion alone, with
      calcium, or with cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK-PZ). Duodenal calcium output
      increased during infusion of both calcium and CCK-PZ to a similar extent in
      chronic pancreatitis and controls. Overall, duodenal output of chymotrypsin was
      markedly lower in chronic pancreatitis; however, chymotrypsin output increased in
      response to both intravenous calcium and CCK-PZ in both groups. Bilirubin output
      increased in both groups during calcium infusion, but this increase was
      significantly reduced in chronic pancreatitis; in contrast, CCK-PZ caused a
      similar increase in both groups. The high calcium output observed in
      hypercalcemia in the presence of low enzyme output suggests increased pancreatic
      secretion of enzyme-independent calcium in chronic pancreatitis. However, the
      difference is obscured by biliary calcium, which is secreted in much higher
      concentrations. Thus, duodenal calcium determination does not appear to be a
      useful diagnostic test in chronic pancreatitis.

PMID- 3710000
TI  - Effect of cystic fibrosis and non-cystic fibrosis plasma on 45Ca and 35SO4 uptake
      and retention by the small intestine at the cellular level in the guinea pig.
AB  - A highly significant increase in net fluxes across the guinea-pig small intestine
      for both 45Ca2+ and 35SO4(2-), in the presence of cystic fibrosis plasma compared
      with non-cystic fibrosis plasma, was observed (p less than 0.001). In the
      presence of cystic fibrosis plasma, the nuclear, mitochondrial, microsomal and
      soluble fractions retained greater activity when compared with non-cystic
      fibrosis plasma. Of all the fractions, the nuclear fraction retained the highest
      activity both for 45Ca2+ and 35SO4(2-). These findings indicate that cystic
      fibrosis plasma increases the net fluxes and raises the retention of 45Ca2+ and
      35SO4(2-) in guinea-pig small intestine at the cellular level.

PMID- 3710001
TI  - Serum hepatitis B virus DNA in acute hepatitis type B.
AB  - Sera obtained within 7 days after clinical onset of acute hepatitis type B were
      positive for hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA by spot hybridization only in 4 out of
      45 patients who subsequently recovered, but in 10 out of 10 patients who instead
      developed chronic infection. These results indicate that in uncomplicated acute
      hepatitis B, virus replication is limited to an early phase of infection, often
      preceding the onset of clinical symptoms, and suggest that serum HBV-DNA may
      represent an early and predictive marker of chronicity.

PMID- 3710002
TI  - In vitro cholesterol gallstone dissolution after fragmentation with shock waves.
AB  - In order to test whether shock wave fragmentation of human gallstones increases
      their dissolution rates in a bile acid-lecithin solution, we carried out in vitro
      experiments. Stones comparable in size, weight and cholesterol content (86%) from
      the same human gallbladder were disintegrated by shock waves. A
      glycoursodeoxycholic acid (GUDC)-lecithin solution served as solvent. After 10
      days incubation in this solvent, intact stones had lost only 4% of their
      cholesterol. This value increased to 92% after disintegration of the stones by
      300 shock wave discharges. Fragments with a size of less than 2 mm had lost 55%
      of their cholesterol after day 1 and 99% after day 10. A large stone fragment
      cleaved off by shock waves lost much more cholesterol (42% after 10 days) than an
      intact untreated stone (4% after 10 days) comparable in size, weight and
      cholesterol content. These data show that shock wave lithotripsy of cholesterol
      gallstones considerably accelerates their dissolution rate in a GUDC-lecithin
      solvent, the desirable fragment size being 2 mm or less. However, even large
      fragments may lose much more cholesterol than comparable intact stones as a
      result of changes in surface structure as documented by scanning electron
      microscopy. The experiments favor the concept of a combined treatment of
      gallbladder stones by extracorporeally generated shock waves and bile salt
      therapy.

PMID- 3710003
TI  - Accreditation regulates allied medical professions.

PMID- 3710004
TI  - Addressing the educational needs of nurse administrators.

PMID- 3710005
TI  - Capitalizing on staff enthusiasm to improve the nursing process.

PMID- 3710006
TI  - Nurse clinician educators increase staff's compliance with i.v. standards.

PMID- 3710007
TI  - Nova Scotia program inspires healthy living.

PMID- 3710008
TI  - Chemotherapy guidelines demand interdepartmental cooperation.

PMID- 3710009
TI  - Improving medication delivery in an extended care unit.

PMID- 3710011
TI  - Leadership in education--an obligation.

PMID- 3710010
TI  - Managing people: meeting the challenge. Part 2.

PMID- 3710012
TI  - Acute reduction of arterial blood pressure reduces urinary albumin excretion in
      type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with incipient nephropathy.
AB  - The effect of an acute reduction in arterial blood pressure upon kidney function
      was studied in 12 patients with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes and incipient
      nephropathy (persistent microalbuminuria). Renal function was assessed by
      measurement of the glomerular filtration rate (single bolus 51Cr-EDTA technique)
      and by the urinary albumin excretion rate (radioimmunoassay). The study was
      performed twice within 2 weeks, with the patients receiving a slow intravenous
      injection of either clonidine (225 micrograms) or saline (154 mmol/l) in random
      order. Clonidine reduced arterial blood pressure from 125/79 +/- 13/8 to 104/68
      +/- 9/7 mmHg (p less than 0.01), urinary albumin excretion rate from 68 (31-369)
      to 46 (6-200) micrograms/min (median and range) (p less than 0.01), and
      fractional clearance of albumin in all patients (median 29%) (p less than 0.01).
      Glomerular filtration rate was 110 +/- 11 before and 106 +/- 13 ml/min/1.73 m2
      after clonidine injection. The blood glucose concentration was 15 +/- 4 mmol/l
      before and 14 +/- 5 mmol/l after clonidine injection. In agreement with findings
      in animal studies, our results suggest that microalbuminuria is to a large extent
      pressure-dependent, probably because of glomerular hypertension, and that
      autoregulation of glomerular filtration rate is normal in most patients with
      incipient diabetic nephropathy.

PMID- 3710013
TI  - Sucrose in the diet of diabetic patients--just another carbohydrate?
AB  - The effects of regularly eating sucrose were studied in 23 diabetic patients, 12
      Type 1 (insulin-dependent) and 11 Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent), with differing
      degrees of glycaemic control. Two diets, each lasting 6 weeks, were compared in a
      randomised cross-over study. Both diets were high in fibre and low in fat. In one
      diet 45 g of complex carbohydrate was replaced by 45 g of sucrose taken at
      mealtimes. There were no significant biochemical differences between the two
      diets in either Type 1 or Type 2 patients. In Type 1 patients the mean (+/- SEM)
      fasting plasma glucose was 10.5 (1.8)mmol/l on the control diet and 10.3 (1.5)
      mmol/l on sucrose. In Type 2 patients the levels were 9.1 (0.8) mmol/l and 8.9
      (0.8) mmol/l respectively. Glycosylated haemoglobin for the Type 1 patients was
      9.9% on control and 10.3% on sucrose; for Type 2 patients the figures were 9.3%
      and 9.0% respectively. There were no differences in mean daily plasma glucose
      levels or diurnal glucose profiles. Cholesterol (total and in lipoprotein
      fractions) was unchanged, as were diurnal triglyceride profiles and plasma
      insulin profiles in the Type 2 patients. There were no changes in medication or
      body weight. We conclude that a moderate amount of sucrose taken daily at
      mealtimes does not cause deterioration in metabolic control in diabetic patients
      following a high fibre/low fat diet.

PMID- 3710015
TI  - Effects of amino acids on pancreatic polypeptide before and after vagotomy in the
      dog.
AB  - We have previously indicated a marked influence of the vagus nerve on
      postprandial pancreatic polypeptide secretion. The present study was designed to
      determine whether the vagus nerve also plays a role in the regulation of
      pancreatic polypeptide secretion by absorbed nutrients. The pancreatic
      polypeptide responses to 17 intravenously administered amino acids, as well as
      arginine and glucose, were measured and compared with those 1 year after truncal
      vagotomy in conscious dogs. In response to the infusion of a mixture of amino
      acids (20 g during 60 min), plasma pancreatic polypeptide concentrations
      decreased in normal dogs. The effect was, however, completely reversed by
      vagotomy, with a significant pancreatic polypeptide release being observed (p
      less than 0.05). Arginine (5 g during 60 min) also showed a similar, although not
      statistically significant, effect. After intravenous bolus-injection of glucose
      (0.5 g/kg body weight), a transient decrease of pancreatic polypeptide secretion
      was found; vagotomy abolished this response. These results suggest that the vagus
      nerve may have a suppressive role in the process of pancreatic polypeptide
      secretion induced by intravenous amino acid(s) and glucose.

PMID- 3710014
TI  - Non-enzymatic glycosylation in human diabetic lens crystallins.
AB  - Lens crystallins undergo non-enzymatic glycosylation with aging and diabetes
      mellitus. It is not known, however, whether all crystallins are subject to the
      same extent of glycosylation. Human diabetic lenses (approximately 80 years of
      age) were dissected into cortex and nucleus, then fractionated into various
      crystallins with gel chromatography (Sephacryl S-200, Sephadex G-75 or Bio Gel A
      15m). The glycosylated crystallins were then separated from the nonglycosylated
      crystallins by affinity chromatography on Glyco Gel B boronic acid. The
      percentage of glycosylated crystallin was about 20-30%, and did not differ much
      among most crystallins, although gamma-crystallin has significantly less (p less
      than 0.01) glycosylated protein. The extent of glycosylation in the glycosylated
      crystallins, however, was found to be greater in the high molecular weight
      crystallins. The extent of glycosylation in alpha-crystallins is approximately
      two to four times that observed in beta- or gamma-crystallin. The extent of
      glycosylation appears to depend not only on the lysine content, which does not
      vary much among the crystallins, but also on the accessibility of the surface
      areas where lysine residues are located. This accessibility depends on the
      protein conformation and appears to correlate with protein unfolding.

PMID- 3710016
TI  - Acetylsalicylic acid and glucose metabolism in man: is there a role for
      prostaglandins?

PMID- 3710017
TI  - A wound healing study of chlorhexidine digluconate in guinea pigs.
AB  - Formulations with and without chlorhexidine digluconate, a broad-spectrum
      antimicrobial, were tested for their effects on the healing of incisions and
      abrasions surgically induced in male guinea pigs. Formulations containing
      chlorhexidine were a skin cleanser formulation (4% w/v), a tinted tincture (0.5%
      w/v), and both 0.5 and 4% w/v aqueous solutions. Control materials were saline,
      and both the skin cleanser and the tincture formulations without chlorhexidine.
      Presurgical preparation was limited to closely clipping the hair and wiping each
      wound area with saline to remove loose hair, dander, and dirt. Each incision and
      abrasion was irrigated with its assigned material at surgery and daily thereafter
      until necropsy. Guinea pigs were killed on Days 3, 6, 9, 14, and 21, and wound
      sites were removed and fixed for histologic evaluation of healing. Daily progress
      of the wound healing appeared comparable for all treatment groups and there was
      no gross evidence of treatment effects at necropsy. For the animals with
      incisions, there were no remarkable histological differences among the treatment
      groups at Day 3. At Days 6 and 9, the two formulations containing 4%
      chlorhexidine produced a slight delay in healing when compared with the other
      treatment groups. These differences decreased with time, and by Day 21, there
      were no remarkable histological differences among animals of the various
      treatment groups. For the animals with abrasions, all treatment groups with and
      without chlorhexidine had slightly delayed healing compared to the saline control
      animals on Day 3 and 6.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3710018
TI  - Chronic toxicity and oncogenicity study on inhaled vinylidene chloride in rats.
AB  - Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats (Spartan substrain) were exposed to
      vinylidene chloride (VDC) by inhalation for 18 months to assess chronic toxicity
      and oncogenic potential of the subject test material. Interim sacrifices were
      performed at 1, 6, and 12 months. Rats were exposed to VDC concentrations of 10
      and 40 ppm for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for the first 5 weeks of the study. Based
      upon the absence of observable treatment-related effects among rats sacrificed
      after 1 month of exposure, the exposure concentrations were increased to 25 and
      75 ppm VDC. Exposures were continued at these concentrations through the 18th
      month of the study after which the surviving animals were held until 24 months
      and then sacrificed. Cytogenetic evaluations were performed on a separate group
      of animals, four rats/sex, exposed to 0, 25, or 75 ppm VDC for 6 months. There
      were no exposure-related changes in the following parameters: mortality,
      appearance and demeanor, body weight data, clinical chemistry determinations,
      hematologic evaluations, urinalysis, or cytogenetic evaluation of bone marrow
      preparations. A target organ effect, characterized by hepatocellular fatty change
      in the midzonal region of the hepatic lobule which was minimal in severity, was
      observed in both male and female rats of both the 25- and 75-ppm exposure groups
      as early as the 6-month interim sacrifice. The midzonal fatty change was also
      observed at the 12-month sacrifice but no indication of progression of this
      lesion in either severity or incidence was apparent. During the last 6 months of
      the study, after exposures had been discontinued, this effect was no longer
      discernible; therefore this alteration was readily reversible. The incidences of
      several tumors and/or tumor types were statistically increased or decreased in
      VDC-exposed rats when compared to their respective control groups; none of these
      differences were judged to be attributable to VDC exposure.

PMID- 3710019
TI  - A perinatal study of toluene in CD-1 mice.
AB  - Toluene administered by inhalation at 400 ppm to CD-1 mice from Days 6 to 16 of
      gestation was teratogenic but not fetotoxic resulting in a significant shift in
      the fetal rib profile. At the lower concentration of 200 ppm, there was an
      increase in dilated renal pelves which might reflect desynchronization of
      maturation with respect to development and growth. No other effects were noted at
      the 200-ppm concentration. At 400 ppm, toluene also produced an increased body
      weight in the neonates on Day 1 postpartum following in utero exposure. Activity
      of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) was significantly increased in the brains of dams
      exposed to 400 ppm during gestation while nonpregnant adult mice studied
      concurrently had significant increased activities of LDH in the liver and kidneys
      of the 400-ppm group. The only change in the isozyme profiles was in the kidneys
      of the nonpregnant adult mice in which a slight decrease in LDH-2 was observed.
      No other changes were noted in the dams or pups.

PMID- 3710020
TI  - Mechanism of enhanced parathion/paraoxon toxicity during pregnancy in the mouse.
AB  - The mechanism of enhanced parathion/paraoxon toxicity during pregnancy was
      examined. Enhanced toxicity following exposure to paraoxon in the pregnant mouse
      as determined by cholinesterase suppression was observed at 0.10 and 0.58 mg/kg
      after ip administration on Day 19 of gestation. However, there were no
      significant differences in cholinesterase activity between pregnant animals and
      virgin controls after either po or iv paraoxon. Higher systemic and lower hepatic
      levels of parathion were demonstrated in pregnant mice following ip
      administration of parathion (5 mg/kg). Data herein also suggest that during
      pregnancy, larger quantities of paraoxon bypass initial liver detoxification
      after ip dosing. The mechanism of increased toxicity of parathion/paraoxon during
      pregnancy may result from alterations in absorption from the peritoneal cavity.

PMID- 3710021
TI  - Oral toxicity of carbon tetrachloride: acute, subacute, and subchronic studies in
      rats.
AB  - This investigation was conducted to characterize the acute, subacute, and
      subchronic toxic potency of ingested carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). In the first
      acute and subacute toxicity study, male Sprague-Dawley rats of 300-350 g were
      gavaged with 0, 20, 40, or 80 mg CCl4/kg once daily for 5 consecutive days,
      rested for 2 days, and dosed once daily for 4 additional days. Rats of 200-250 g
      were gavaged with 0, 20, 80, or 160 mg CCl4/kg according to the same dosage
      regimen in the second acute and subacute study. In the first and second studies
      one group of rats at each dosage level was sacrificed for clinical chemistry and
      histopathological evaluation at 24 hr, 4 days, and 11 days after initiation of
      dosing. Single 20- and 40-mg/kg doses had no apparent toxic effect at 24 hr,
      although 80 mg/kg caused mild hepatic centrilobular vacuolization and significant
      increases in some serum enzyme levels. In general, there was progressively severe
      hepatic injury at each dosage level over the 11-day period. CCl4 was more
      hepatotoxic to the 200-250-g rats than to the 300-350-g rats. In the subchronic
      study, rats initially 200-250 g were gavaged 5 times weekly for 12 weeks with 0,
      1, 10, or 33 mg CCl4/kg. Body weight and clinical chemistry indices were
      monitored during the 12 weeks of dosing and 2 weeks after cessation of dosing. A
      dose of 1 mg/kg had no apparent adverse effect; 10 mg/kg produced slight, but
      statistically significant increases in sorbitol dehydrogenase activity and mild
      hepatic centrilobular vacuolization; 33 mg/kg caused marked hepatotoxicity. Serum
      enzyme levels remained elevated during the 12-week dosing period, but returned
      toward normal within 13 days of cessation of CCl4 exposure. Microscopic
      examination of livers of the 33-mg/kg rats revealed cirrhosis, characterized by
      bile duct proliferation, fibrosis, lobular distortion, parenchymal regeneration,
      hyperplastic nodules, and single-cell necrosis. The fibrosis was not reversed
      within the 13-day recovery period.

PMID- 3710022
TI  - The effect of an unusual workshift on chemical toxicity. I. Studies on the
      exposure of rats and mice to dichloromethane.
AB  - The 10- or 12-hr workday has become increasingly popular in industry. Current
      occupational exposure limits are designed to protect workers on the standard 8
      hr/day workshift and are not intended for use for longer workshifts. Experiments
      were conducted to compare the effects of a 12-hr exposure schedule to those of an
      8-hr schedule on the carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) formation resulting from
      dichloromethane (DCM) inhalation. Rats and mice were exposed to 200, 500, or 1000
      ppm DCM for 8 hr/day for 5 days or 12 hr/day for 4 days. The effect of the
      unusual exposure schedule on COHb levels was not significant. The metabolic
      pathway for the formation of COHb appeared to be saturated even at the lowest
      concentration of DCM. To examine the possible increase in the retention of
      inhaled DCM in the longer exposure schedule, single exposures for 8 and 12 hr
      were compared. The peak blood DCM level was dependent upon the DCM exposure
      concentration, but the half-life was independent of the duration of exposure and
      the concentration of DCM. The half-life of COHb in blood was prolonged by
      increasing the DCM concentration, but was not affected by the exposure period.
      Pyrazole treatment decreased COHb level and increased blood DCM level in rats
      exposed to DCM. These results suggest that the exposure limit for a chemical with
      a short biological half-life and readily reversible toxic effect may not need to
      be adjusted for a longer workshift which is in agreement with some of the
      mathematical models based upon the pharmacokinetics of a toxicant.

PMID- 3710023
TI  - Evidence of necrosis in human intercostal muscle following inhalation of an
      organophosphate insecticide.
AB  - Intercostal muscle samples obtained from autopsy of a 51-year-old male exposed to
      an organophosphate insecticide were analyzed for cholinesterase activity and
      muscle fiber integrity. Muscle cholinesterase activity, 5 days after exposure,
      was reduced to 53% of control values. Histological analysis indicated the
      presence of muscle fibers with subsarcolemmal grouped granular basophilic
      inclusions and scattered necrotic fibers. Results indicate that acute
      organophosphate exposure through inhalation can lead to skeletal muscle fiber
      damage in humans, similar to results obtained by ingestion. Furthermore, the
      pathology is comparable to the histological alterations observed in rats
      following acute injection of organophosphates.

PMID- 3710024
TI  - Lack of neuropathologic consequences of repeated dermal exposure to 2,4
      dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in rats.
AB  - A 24% aqueous solution of the dimethylamine salt of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic
      acid (2,4-D amine) was applied to the legs of male Fischer 344 rats 2 hr/day, 5
      days/week, for 2 weeks. Because this concentration caused severe skin lesions, a
      second group of rats was treated similarly with a 12% solution of 2,4-D amine for
      3 weeks. The 12% solution caused only mild skin changes. The plasma 2,4-D
      content, at the end of exposure, was nearly five times greater in the rats
      exposed to the 24% solution than to the 12% solution (323 vs 66.5 micrograms/ml).
      The severe skin changes probably facilitated absorption in the rats treated with
      the 24% solution. Rats treated with either concentration weighed less than
      controls. Although histologically normal, kidneys of treated rats weighed more
      than controls. The increased kidney weights were attributed to physiological
      adaptation due to active excretion of absorbed 2,4-D. Light microscopic
      examination of tissues, other than skin, revealed no differences between treated
      and control animals. There were no nervous system pathologic changes although the
      rats were exposed to sufficient amounts of 2,4-D amine to cause severe skin
      lesions, decreased body weights, and increased kidney weights.

PMID- 3710025
TI  - A new method for determining allowable daily intakes.

PMID- 3710026
TI  - Dose selection for long-term rodent carcinogenicity studies.

PMID- 3710027
TI  - Logistic regression analysis of incidental-tumor data from animal carcinogenicity
      experiments.
AB  - Survival differences can have a substantial impact on the statistical comparison
      of tumor development in control and treated animals and thus should be taken into
      account routinely in the analysis of carcinogenicity data from laboratory
      experiments. However, the appropriate survival adjustment depends on whether the
      tumor of interest is fatal or incidental. The usual analysis of incidental
      tumors, which adjusts for survival by stratifying the animals according to age at
      death, has various shortcomings. Alternatively, logistic regression methods allow
      a continuous survival adjustment and furnish a convenient framework for solving
      many of the problems associated with the age-stratified approach of grouping the
      data into time intervals. Logistic regression substitutes modeling the prevalence
      function for the arbitrary choice of time intervals, providing a survival
      adjustment (when the model holds) even when differential mortality might increase
      the bias or decrease the sensitivity of interval-based methods. The logistic
      analysis also can incorporate covariables which, if ignored, might confound the
      interpretation of the data. Several examples illustrate these potential
      advantages of basing the analysis of incidental tumors on logistic regression
      techniques.

PMID- 3710028
TI  - Effects of the organophosphorus compound, O-ethyl-N-dimethyl
      phosphoramidocyanidate (tabun), on flavor aversions, locomotor activity, and
      rotarod performance in rats.
AB  - An assessment of the behavioral effects of acutely administered anti
      cholinesterase compound O-ethyl-N-dimethyl phosphoramidocyanidate (tabun), to
      male rats was performed in three studies across five dose levels (100-198
      micrograms/kg, sc). Doses of 122 micrograms/kg or greater produced conditioned
      flavor aversions. Spontaneous locomotor activity was significantly decreased at
      doses of 122 micrograms/kg or greater when compared to vehicle control levels.
      When administered doses of 168 micrograms/kg or greater, rats exhibited
      significant decrements in rotarod performance. In addition, the LD50 of tabun was
      determined to be 240 micrograms/kg. Signs of cholinergic intoxication were not
      apparent until 144 micrograms/kg tabun or more were given. Behavioral effects
      were thus obtained at doses that were between 54 and 71% of the LD50.

PMID- 3710029
TI  - Long-term toxicity of octachlorostyrene in the rat.
AB  - This study was designed to investigate the toxic effects produced by the long
      term exposure to octachlorostyrene (OCS), a demonstrated environmental
      contaminant in the Great Lakes region of North America and the Norwegian Coast in
      Europe. Groups of 20 male and 20 female rats were administered OCS in diets at
      0.005, 0.05, 0.5, 5.0, or 50 ppm for 12 months. Weight gain and food consumption
      were not affected. Increased liver weights were observed in the groups fed the
      highest dose of OCS. Hepatic microsomal aniline hydroxylase and aminopyrine
      demethylase activities were induced in male rats fed 5.0 ppm OCS and higher and
      in female rats fed 50 ppm of the chemical. Elevated serum cholesterol levels were
      seen in rats of both sexes fed the highest dose. Treatment-related histological
      changes occurred in the thyroid, liver, and kidney of rats. A dose-dependent
      accumulation of OCS in the fat and liver of the rats was found. Based on the data
      presented, it was concluded that the no adverse effect level of OCS was 0.5 ppm.

PMID- 3710030
TI  - Sublethal acute toxicity of carbosulfan [2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7
      benzofuranyl(d i-n-butylaminosulfenyl)(methyl)carbamate] in the rat after
      intravenous and oral exposures.
AB  - Sublethal toxicity of car-carbosulfan, 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-benzofuranyl(di-n
      butylaminosulfenyl++ +)(methyl)carbamate , was evaluated in female Sprague-Dawley
      rats. Erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was maximally inhibited 1
      min after iv administration (38, 23, and 15% of pretreatment activity after 86,
      250, and 690 micrograms/kg, respectively) and recovered by 4 hr. Maximum AChE
      inhibition (63% of pretreatment activity) was measured 45 min after oral dosing
      (690 micrograms/kg) and activity recovered after 5 hr. Signs included urination,
      defecation, facial muscle fasciculations, salivation, and tremors. Carbosulfan
      was less toxic when given orally. Metabolic activation of carbosulfan to
      carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranol methylcarbamate) was
      investigated by measuring plasma concentrations 4, 30, and 240 min after iv (80
      120 or 620-640 micrograms/kg) and oral (540-700 or 2030-2190 micrograms/kg)
      dosages of [carbonyl-14C]carbosulfan. Peak plasma concentrations were measured at
      4 and 30 min after iv and oral exposure, respectively. Carbosulfan was rapidly
      activated to carbofuran. Reduction in AChE activity was better correlated (r =
      0.97) with plasma concentration of [carbosulfan + carbofuran] and plasma
      carbofuran (r = 0.96) than with plasma carbosulfan (r = 0.73). Signs generally
      occurred when AChE activity was less than 65% of pretreatment levels,
      corresponding to 40 pmol/ml [carbosulfan + carbofuran] in plasma. Based on
      regression analysis and metabolic studies, both carbosulfan and carbofuran
      contributed to the observed AChE inhibition; however, carbofuran, a more potent
      in vitro inhibitor and the usual predominant inhibitor in plasma, was responsible
      for most of the erythrocyte AChE inhibition.

PMID- 3710031
TI  - Deposition of ethanol and acetone vapors in the upper respiratory tract of the
      rat.
AB  - The deposition of nonreactive gases in the lungs is well studied and is dependent
      on the ventilation-perfusion relationships of that organ. The current
      investigation was undertaken to determine if pulmonary ventilation-perfusion
      models could be successfully applied to quantitatively describe upper respiratory
      tract (URT) deposition of acetone and ethanol vapors. Toward this end, the
      deposition of these vapors was measured in the surgically isolated URT of the
      anesthetized rat at selected inspiratory flow rates (ranging from 70 to 500
      ml/min) and exposure times (ranging from 3.3 to 13.3 min). The deposition of
      acetone in the URT followed apparent quasi-steady-state conditions, suggestive of
      a ventilation-perfusion relationship. Pulmonary ventilation-perfusion models
      predict the ratio of the amount deposited to the amount not deposited should be
      linearly related to the inverse of the inspiratory flow rate. Such a relationship
      was observed for URT acetone (r = 0.988, N = 16,p less than 0.0001) and ethanol
      (r = 0.963, N = 20, p less than 0.0001) deposition. From the deposition-flow
      relationships estimates of 0.31 and 0.33 ml/min were obtained for nasal blood
      flow in the ethanol and acetone studies, respectively. The 95% confidence limits
      for these estimates overlapped. The successful application of a ventilation
      perfusion model to describe URT deposition suggests that acetone and ethanol
      vapors equilibrate between the inspired airstream and the capillary blood of the
      URT and that their deposition is dependent on both the URT ventilation and
      perfusion rates.

PMID- 3710032
TI  - Renal function in the rat after treatment with mercuric chloride plus potassium
      dichromate.
AB  - The treatment of rats with single subcutaneous (sc) doses of mercuric chloride (4
      mg/kg) plus potassium dichromate (10 mg/kg) resulted in greater effects on water
      consumption, urine volume, body weight, and urinary electrolyte excretion than
      produced by mercuric chloride alone. The dose of potassium dichromate alone had
      no effects on renal function. Urine volume at 6 hr was increased twofold over
      mercuric chloride alone. Similarly, potassium excretion by these animals at 6 hr
      was significantly decreased compared to controls. These animals were oliguric by
      24 hr after the injection. Urine osmolality of rats receiving the combination of
      the metals remained lower than controls throughout the 4-day experimental period.
      Measurement of renal arterial blood flow by electromagnetic flow probe after
      subcutaneous injection of saline, mercuric chloride (4 mg/kg), potassium
      dichromate (10 mg/kg), or the combination, produced no change over a 2.5-hr
      period, at 24 hr, and at 48 hr, and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of these
      rats was not affected over the same period of time.

PMID- 3710033
TI  - Subchronic inhalation toxicity of p-nitroaniline and p-nitrochlorobenzene in
      rats.
AB  - For evaluation of subchronic toxicity of the two single-ring nitroaromatics, p
      nitroaniline (PNA) and p-nitrochlorobenzene (PNCB), groups of 10 male and 10
      female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to an aerosol/vapor of PNA in isopropanol
      at target concentrations of 0, 10, 30, or 90 mg/m3 or to PNCB vaporized from a
      solution in ethylene glycol monoethyl ether at target concentrations of 0, 5, 15,
      or 45 mg/m3 for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. Clinical signs of toxicity,
      body weights, results of ophthalmoscopic exam, hematology and clinical chemistry
      tests, organ weights, gross and histopathological changes were recorded. Exposure
      to PNA or PNCB resulted in a dose-related increase in blood methemoglobin levels.
      Mean red blood cell counts, hematocrit, and hemoglobin were significantly
      decreased in mid and high level animals exposed to PNCB. Mean spleen weights
      (absolute and relative to body weight) were significantly increased at the high
      dose levels in the two studies. A slight increase in spleen weights was also
      observed at the low concentration level in the PNA study. Absolute and relative
      liver weights also were increased among animals exposed to 45 mg/m3 PNCB.
      Microscopic changes were observed mainly in the spleen and included an increase
      in intensity of extramedullary hematopoiesis and hemosiderosis with both
      compounds. Spleens of animals exposed to PNCB also exhibited congestion. Neither
      PNA nor PNCB exhibited significant toxicological effects other than those of
      methemoglobinemia, anemia, and splenic changes classically associated with
      nitroaromatics at levels significantly above presently accepted occupational
      standard. Our data suggest that the current TLV for PNA which is 3 mg/m3 will
      provide adequate protection to the workers. OSHA's PEL of 1 mg/m3 for PNCB is to
      be preferred over the current TLV of 3 mg/m3 to provide a comparable margin of
      safety.

PMID- 3710034
TI  - Use of quantitative testicular histology to assess the effect of
      dibromochloropropane (DBCP) on reproduction in rabbits.
AB  - Dibromochloropropane (DBCP) was administered orally to 36 sexually mature male
      Dutch Belted rabbits assigned at random to one of six groups to receive 0, 0.94,
      1.88, 3.75, 7.5, or 15.0 mg DBCP per kilogram of body weight daily 5 days per
      week during a 69-day treatment period. Animals were euthanized and necropsied on
      Day 70. Body weights and weights of the kidneys, liver, epididymides, and
      accessory sex glands were not influenced by DBCP treatment. The highest dosage
      reduced mean paired testes weight to 45% of control values (p less than 0.01).
      Mean seminiferous tubular diameter was reduced by 15 and 29% with the two highest
      dosages of DBCP, respectively (p less than 0.01), and the percentage of
      seminiferous tubules containing elongating and round spermatids, as the most
      advanced cell type present, was decreased (p less than 0.01). The number of
      leptotene primary spermatocytes per Sertoli cell, and the numbers of
      spermatogonia, young and old primary spermatocytes, and Step 1 spermatids per
      Stage I seminiferous tubular cross section likewise indicated a general
      depression (p less than 0.01) of spermatogenesis. Based upon the number of Step 1
      spermatids per cross section at Day 70, production of sperm at this time by
      rabbits receiving the highest dose of DBCP was estimated to be less than one
      fourth of control values. No significant effect (p greater than 0.05) of 0.94 mg
      DBCP/kg on any parameters was found, so this could be considered to be the no
      effect dose. However, the regressions and mean values are interpreted to indicate
      that the no effect level of DBCP may be less than 0.94 mg DBCP/kg of body weight.
      It is suggested that the most sensitive tests described here be included in
      future screening tests for potential effects of agents on male reproduction.

PMID- 3710035
TI  - Acetone potentiation of rat liver injury induced by trichloroethylene-carbon
      tetrachloride mixtures.
AB  - Acetone potentiation of haloalkane-induced hepatotoxicity is well recognized.
      Others reported that trichloroethylene (TCE) can potentiate the hepatotoxicity
      induced by CCl4. The purpose of the present study was to determine if acetone (A)
      can potentiate the hepatotoxicity of haloalkane (HA) mixtures. We derived dose
      response curves for the potentiation of TCE, CCl4, and TCE-CCl4 induced
      hepatotoxicity by acetone. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received acetone (0.25-1.5
      ml/kg, po); 18 hr later, they received an ip injection of either TCE, 0.25 ml/kg;
      CCl4, 0.1 or 0.6 ml/kg; or a mixture of TCE and CCl4. Rats were killed 24 hr
      later, the livers excised, and plasma ALT activities and bilirubin concentrations
      determined. Histological evaluations were also performed. Neither A, TCE, or both
      in combination modified the biochemical indices. Acetone potentiation of CCl4
      induced liver injury was greater than TCE-potentiation of CCl4. Acetone enhanced
      the hepatotoxic response of the TCE-CCl4 mixture. Thus, CCl4-induced
      hepatotoxicity was enhanced by the simultaneous administration of TCE, and this
      response was potentiated by the previous administration of acetone.

PMID- 3710036
TI  - Association between carcinogenic potency and tumor pathology in rodent
      carcinogenesis bioassays.
AB  - Carcinogenic potency (TD50) estimated from the results of 88 NCI/NTP
      carcinogenesis bioassays was examined by common target sites in rats and mice.
      Other indicators of a chemical's hazard were investigated, including whether
      tumors were induced at more than one site in a single sex-species group of test
      animals, whether tumors may have caused the death of the animal or were found at
      sacrifice, and whether metastases of induced tumors occurred. These hazard
      indicators are sometimes interrelated; however, the potency (TD50) values of
      chemicals which are hazardous by each of these measures spanned a wide range.
      Carcinogens which caused some type of fatal tumor were more likely than other
      carcinogens to cause tumors in multiple organ sites and multiple sex-species
      groups. Since these other hazard indicators were not related to carcinogenic
      potency, they should be included along with potency estimates such as the TD50 in
      summarizing the potential dangers of human exposures to a carcinogen and in
      comparisons of hazard among carcinogens.

PMID- 3710037
TI  - A short-term feeding study with deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin) using rats.
AB  - Groups of 25 male and 25 female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing 0,
      0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 mg of deoxynivalenol (DON)/kg body wt for approximately 9
      weeks. Each animal's body weight and feed consumption were measured weekly. Upon
      termination of the study, each animal's body, heart, liver, spleen, thymus, and
      kidneys were weighted. A hematological assessment and a 16-parameter serum
      evaluation were conducted and 8 animals from each group were randomly selected to
      receive tritiated thymidine iv to assess mitotic activity in the esophagus,
      jejunum, and spleen. A statistically significant, dose-related decrease in body
      weight gain was observed for all treated females, but only the males dosed at 1.0
      mg/kg were found to have a treatment-related weight gain suppression. The reduced
      body weight was attributed to a reduced feed consumption. Reductions that were
      observed in absolute organ weights, were not apparent after adjusting for body
      weight suppression. No dose-related hematological findings were found. Serum
      chemistry changes included increased concentrations of chloride and decreased
      concentrations of CO2 and albumin, but only in the females. No histopathological
      lesions were attributed to DON treatment, but significant decreases in thymidine
      labeling occurred in the spleens and jejunums from the males dosed at 1.0 mg/kg.

PMID- 3710038
TI  - A system for assessing toxicity of chemicals by continuous monitoring of homecage
      behaviors.
AB  - A noninvasive system is described for continuous recording of behaviors in the
      home cages of rats. Commercially available mesh cages were used so as to conform
      with housing conditions in most toxicological studies. A minicomputer controlled
      environmental lighting and recorded eating, drinking, rearing, and horizontal
      activity. The system's sensitivity was comparable to more complex systems.
      Validity was demonstrated through manipulation of environmental lighting, food
      deprivation, and the effects of amphetamine, scopolamine, ethanol,
      methylscopolamine, triethyltin, and trimethyltin. Advantages over other systems
      are practicality, economy, the simultaneous analyses of several naturalistic
      behaviors of individual rats, and the quantification of diurnal rhythms.

PMID- 3710039
TI  - Interaction between 1,2-dichloroethane and disulfiram. I. Toxicologic effects.
AB  - Inhalation and intraperitoneal (ip) studies with 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE)
      using Sprague-Dawley rats fed 0.15% disulfiram (tetraethylthiuram disulfide;
      Antabuse; DSF) in AIN-76 diet [approx. (79 +/- 11) mg DSF/kg body wt/day]
      resulted in the observation of a toxic interaction relative to either agent
      alone. The combination treatment caused testicular atrophy and histopathology in
      the liver and testes at 1,2-DCE inhalation concentrations greater than 300 ppm
      (an estimated dose of 194 mg/kg body wt/day) administered 5 days/week for 30 days
      or at ip doses of 150 mg 1,2-DCE/kg body wt/day over 30 days, 7 days/week. DSF
      lowered the 1,2-DCE dose at which liver enlargement, decreased liver/body weight
      ratios, and decreased body weight gains appeared relative to exposure to the 1,2
      DCE alone. For the ip study, a decrease in spleen weight also occurred.
      Testicular atrophy and liver pathology had previously been observed in rats
      exposed to 20 ppm of ethylene dibromide (EDB) and fed 0.05% DSF in rat chow diet;
      EDB or DSF alone did not elicit testicular atrophy. These toxic effects indicate
      that 1,2-DCE may interact with DSF as does EDB, but at a much higher dose.

PMID- 3710040
TI  - Acute inhalation studies with methyl isocyanate vapor. I. Methodology and LC50
      determinations in guinea pigs, rats, and mice.
AB  - Groups of male and female Fischer 344 rats, B6C3F1 mice, and Hartley guinea pigs
      were exposed once for 6 hr to mean concentrations of 10.5, 5.4, 2.4, 1.0, or 0
      (control) ppm of methyl isocyanate (MIC) vapor. Rats and mice were also exposed
      to 20.4 ppm of MIC. No deaths occurred in animals exposed to 2.4 or 1.0 ppm. The
      majority of deaths for the 20.4- and 10.5-ppm groups occurred during postexposure
      Days 1 through 3, while at 5.4 ppm deaths were observed throughout the 14-day
      postexposure period. The 6-hr LC50 values (with 95% confidence limits) were 6.1
      (4.6 to 8.2) ppm for rats, 12.2 (8.4 to 17.5) ppm for mice, and 5.4 (4.4 to 6.7)
      ppm for guinea pigs. Notable clinical observations during and immediately
      following MIC exposure were lacrimation, perinasal/perioral wetness, respiratory
      difficulty (e.g., mouth breathing), decreased activity, ataxia, and hypothermia.
      The frequency of clinical signs decreased during the second postexposure week.
      Body weight losses were common in all species following MIC exposures of 2.4 ppm
      or greater. At 1.0 ppm, only female mice had body weight depression. Recovery of
      body weight loss was observed in the 5.4- (guinea pigs only), 2.4- and 1.0-ppm
      concentration groups. The lungs of all animals that died were discolored.
      Following microscopic examination of the respiratory tract, deaths were
      attributed to pulmonary edema and congestion. In a separate study, Fischer 344
      rats and Hartley guinea pigs were exposed once for 4 hr to mean concentrations of
      36.1, 25.6, 15.2, or 5.2 ppm of MIC vapor. In general, the results were similar
      to those of the single 6-hr exposure study.

PMID- 3710041
TI  - Acute inhalation studies with methyl isocyanate vapor. II. Respiratory tract
      changes in guinea pigs, rats, and mice.
AB  - Hartley guinea pigs, Fischer-344 rats, and B6C3F1 mice of both sexes were exposed
      to varying concentrations of methyl isocyanate (MIC) vapor with the highest
      concentration being 20.4 ppm for rats and mice and 10.5 ppm for guinea pigs. A
      control group for each species was exposed to air only. All animals were exposed
      for a duration of 6 hr, and survivors were sacrificed 14 days following exposure.
      The respiratory tract was removed and examined microscopically from all animals.
      Guinea pigs were more sensitive to the MIC vapor than were rats which were in
      turn more sensitive than mice. Gross lesions encountered in many of the animals
      that died consisted of nasal discharge, often blood tinged, and discoloration of
      the lungs. Microscopic lesions included acute necrosis of epithelial lining
      throughout the respiratory tract in animals that died shortly after exposure
      coupled with congestion, edema, and inflammation. A microscopic lesion which
      appeared unique to guinea pigs was bronchiolitis obliterans where the necrosis
      and inflammation had completely closed the bronchioles. Additional microscopic
      lesions observed in some animals that died or were sacrificed at the end of the
      study (postexposure Day 14) consisted of squamous metaplasia of respiratory
      epithelium in the nasal cavity, which extended into the larynx, trachea, and, in
      some cases, the bronchi. In addition, epithelial regeneration throughout the
      tract and submucosal fibroplasia in the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles were
      observed, the latter lesion being primarily confined to rodents. No animals
      exposed to 2.4 or 1.0 ppm of MIC vapor died following exposure. There were
      minimal microscopic lesions at sacrifice in the 2.4 ppm-exposed animals from all
      three species. Only in guinea pigs were there lesions in the 1.0-ppm group
      attributed to MIC vapor exposure.

PMID- 3710042
TI  - [Arrhythmogenic right ventricle].

PMID- 3710043
TI  - Correlation between arrhythmias and abnormal systolic blood pressure response to
      exercise in mitral valve prolapse patients.
AB  - A wide variety of arrhythmias as well as exercise induced hypotension were
      described in some Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) patients. The aim of our study was
      to evaluate the correlation between the incidence of arrhythmias and the decrease
      of Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), ST-T changes and prolonged QTc interval. 50 MVP
      patients (diagnosis confirmed by M-mode and 2-D echocardiography) underwent a
      complete clinical evaluation, 12 lead standard ECG, 24 hr. monitoring ECG and a
      submaximal exercise test. On the basis of the SBP response to effort, the
      patients were divided into 2 groups (gr.): gr. A, 18 patients with a decrease of
      the SBP during effort, mean 135 +/- 16.5 mmHg and gr. B, 32 patients with a
      normal increase of the SBP at the end of the effort, mean 168 +/- 14.7 mmHg (p
      less than 0.001). Arrhythmias were found in 83.33% among patients in gr. A and in
      50% in gr. B (p less than 0.05). We did not find a significant difference
      concerning the types of arrhythmias between the 2 groups. Exercise induced ST-T
      changes, appeared in 55.55% in gr. A and in 25% in gr. B (p less than 0.05) but
      the incidence of arrhythmias in patients with ST-T changes was not significantly
      different between the 2 groups (5.55% and 6.25% respectively). Rhythm
      disturbances were found in 3 out of 4 patients with prolonged QTc in gr. A and in
      2 out of 4 patients in gr. B (p = NS).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3710044
TI  - [Clinico-epidemiological aspects of infectious endocarditis in a present-day
      Italian population].
AB  - This study has been carried out with the aim of assessing the incidence and other
      features of Infective Endocarditis in the region Veneto (Italy) in the years 1975
      84, with particular regard to the patients admitted to the hospitals in Verona.
      Of the 692 patients admitted in hospitals of Veneto, 629 were resident in the
      region (an incidence equal to 1.6/100,000 inhabitants per year). The age range
      was from 8 to 72 (55 +/- 9). All social classes were affected, although retired,
      disabled and unemployed subjects were in the majority. The average stay in
      hospitals was 27.6 days. In 7.6% of the cases surgical therapy was required; the
      over-all mortality rate was 10%. Of the 80 patients admitted to the hospitals in
      Verona, 79% were suffering from pre-existing cardiopathy (40% rheumatic heart
      disease, 25% valvular prosthesis, 7.5% congenital heart disease, 5% prolapsing
      mitral valve, 1.2% obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy); 54% of the cases had
      been exposed to bacteriological infections in the preceding months:
      bronchopulmonary, oropharyngeal, genitourinary or gall bladder infections
      processes or oral surgery or heart surgery or drug addiction. Only in 19% of
      these cases a correct antibiotic prophylaxis had been carried out. The
      responsible germ was identified in 50 patients (67% of the cases in which blood
      cultures had been performed): Streptococcus in 22%, Staphylococcus in 20%, Gram
      negative in 12%, Corynebacterium in 4%, polymicrobial associations in 9% of the
      cases. These data stress the need for an improvement in antibiotic drug regimen
      (both in prophylaxis and treatment) and the diffusion of norms of hygiene aimed
      to the reduction of skin and mucous sources of bacteremia and interpersonal
      transmission of infections disease.

PMID- 3710045
TI  - [Study of the intracardiac flow by real-time bidimensional color-coded Doppler
      echocardiography. Preliminary experience].
AB  - The new technique of real-time two-dimensional color Doppler echocardiography has
      been recently developed to allow visualization of the blood flow inside the
      cardiac chambers. The blood flow informations are color coded and displayed in
      real-time into the two-dimensional echocardiographic images of the cardiac
      structures. The flow informations which are given are velocity, direction and
      variance, calculated from the Doppler signals obtained from all the sample
      points. Flow directed toward the transducer is coded in red; flow away from the
      transducer is coded in blue, while the echoes from the cardiac structures are
      imaged in gray scale. The magnitude of the velocity of flow is represented by the
      brightness of the color, with an 8-steps scale of brightness, beginning from the
      lowest grade, which is not colored on the screen. To represent the velocity
      spectrum variance, green is added to each color in proportion to the extent of
      turbulence. We report our preliminary experience with this technique in 91
      subjects by using an Aloka SSD 880 commercial equipment (age range 18 days-82
      years): 5 were normal, 15 had cardiomyopathy, 21 had congenital, 40 valvular, 6
      ischemic and 4 other forms of heart disease. Color display of intracavitary flow
      allowed to identify normal and abnormal patterns. Valvular regurgitation and
      abnormal intracavitary shunts were easy to identify, suggesting the possibility
      of a semiquantitative assessment of the lesions. The possibility of a
      quantitative approach should be further investigated in the future.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3710046
TI  - [Real-time bidimensional-color Doppler evaluation of patent ductus arteriosus].
AB  - In order to assess the presence and severity of left-to-right shunt at ductal
      level, eleven patients with proven ductus arteriosus (PDA), ages 1 day to 16
      years, were examined by real-time two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography.
      Eighteen subjects with no signs of cardiovascular disease were selected as normal
      controls. Normal pulmonary flow pattern was clearly visualized in the healthy
      subjects examined. The jet stream through the ductus was well imaged in the main
      pulmonary artery in patients with PDA and disappeared in two infants after
      pharmacologic manipulation with indomethacin. The colour-coded shunt area was
      related to the left-to-right shunt calculated at cardiac catheterization.
      Moreover, the combined use of colour-flow Doppler and continuous-wave Doppler
      yielded a reliable noninvasive assessment of pulmonary artery pressure.

PMID- 3710047
TI  - [Basal left anterior oblique projection in 2-dimensional echocardiography: its
      usefulness in defects of the atrioventricular septum].
AB  - The defects of the A-V septum have been recently classified into classes with
      separate orifices and classes with common orifice on the basis of the presence or
      not of a tissue tongue which joins the two bridging anterior and posterior
      leaflets as single differential feature. The diagnostic usefulness of the
      subxiphoid projection by conventionally called left oblique anterior basal has
      been evaluated. It indicates in a single plan-section the two bridging leaflets
      together with the connecting tongue. In 18 cases of defect of A-V septum echo
      angiographic correlation was made. The 2D-echo diagnosed in 10 cases a defect of
      A-V septum with common orifice and in 8 cases a defect of A-V septum with
      separate orifices. On the contrary the angiocardiography pointed out in 9 cases a
      defect of A-V septum with separate orifices. Ten of the eighteen patients
      examined underwent an operation, which has always confirmed the
      echocardiographical diagnosis; even in the unique case of echo-angio disagreement
      the diagnosis of 2D-echo was confirmed. Therefore we propose the above-mentioned
      projection in order to obtain a more accurate non invasive definition in the
      defects of A-V septum.

PMID- 3710048
TI  - Combined open-heart valve surgery and elective abdominal operations.
AB  - From January 1970 to December 1984, at the "A. De Gasperis" Division of cardiac
      surgery in 73 patients an open-heart valvular operation and an elective abdominal
      surgical procedure were simultaneously performed. Abdominal surgery was indicated
      for: cholelithiasis (41 cases), hernia (22 cases), uterine fibroleiomyomas (7
      cases), pregnancy (1 case), marginal ulcer after gastric resection (1 case),
      association of cholelithiasis and hernia (1 case). The etiology of valvular
      disease was: previous rheumatic fever (69 cases) and acute bacterial endocarditis
      (1 case); there were 3 cases of periprosthetic leak. All patients were classified
      in NYHA class III or IV. In all patients the abdominal procedure was carried out
      first. No significant differences were noted between this group of patients and
      patients with isolated open-heart operations regarding: postoperative bleeding,
      stay in Postoperative Intensive Care Unit, overall postoperative hospital stay.
      There were 5 hospital deaths, all related to cardiac causes. There were no
      infectious complications, nor early or late abdominal wound complications. The
      rationale for the combined approach to abdominal and cardiac diseases includes:
      risk of non cardiac surgery in patients with critical heart disease, risk of non
      cardiac surgery in patients with previous cardiac valve operations and
      anticoagulant therapy and risk of abdominal complications after cardiopulmonary
      bypass surgery. Simultaneous abdominal and cardiac surgery is suggested on
      clinical, psychological and social grounds.

PMID- 3710049
TI  - [The internal mammary artery in myocardial revascularization].
AB  - Internal mammary artery by-pass graft is a very usefull alternative to venous by
      pass graft for myocardial revascularization. From February 1982 up to August
      1984, 111 patients with coronarosclerosis have been operated on with left
      internal mammary artery. Right internal mammary artery has been also used in 2
      cases. Left internal mammary artery has been used as a sequential graft 13 times.
      Vein grafts have been associated in more than 2/3 of the patients who had surgery
      with internal mammary artery and the mean of anastomoses per patient was 2.9.
      Five patients had a perioperative myocardial infarction and one an infarction
      shortly after the operation. Ten patients had immediate reoperation: 5 for
      postoperative bleeding, 2 for arterial graft anastomosis occlusion, 2 for sudden
      ST elevation and 1 for acute myocardial infarction. Only one patient died for
      acute myocardial infarction post-operatively, following coronary artery spasm.
      Eighty-six patients have been followed-up 3 to 31 months after surgery.
      Advantages and limits of this surgical technique are discussed.

PMID- 3710050
TI  - [Monitoring the blood pressure].

PMID- 3710051
TI  - [Dextrocardia and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Electrocardiographic
      diagnosis].
AB  - A patient affected by dextrocardia and WPW syndrome with atrio-ventricular bypass
      connecting the left sided atrium to the left ventricle (located to the right) is
      described. Signs of organic heart disease were not present. Electrocardiogram
      showed, in addition to typical features of ventricular pre-excitation, a QS
      pattern in leads V4-V6. During exercise testing the pre-excitation disappeared
      and the electrocardiogram recorded with inverted peripheral cables and right
      precordial leads, did not show alterations. The analysis of this case and of
      another previously published suggests that a QS pattern in left precordial leads
      is highly suggestive for dextrocardia, even in presence of ventricular pre
      excitation.

PMID- 3710052
TI  - [Total atriventricular block in recurrent rheumatic fever].
AB  - Complete heart block (CHB) during acute rheumatic fever is rarely reported. The
      Authors describe the case of a young woman with rheumatic relapse and CHB that
      required temporary and then, definitive cardiac stimulation.

PMID- 3710053
TI  - Hypertrophic gastritis with hypergastrinemia and protein loss after neonatal
      thymectomy in mice.
AB  - Hypertrophic gastritis, histologically characterized by a depletion of parietal
      and chief cells and by varying degrees of lymphocyte infiltration along the
      thickened muscularis mucosa, could be induced by neonatal thymectomy (Tx) without
      any additional treatment in about 50% of mice (C3H/HeMs X 129/J)F1 (C3.129). The
      thickness of the mucosa in gastritic mice increased with age, forming giant
      folds. In Tx mice with an early stage of abnormal mucosal folds at 6 months of
      age, numbers of parietal cells per mucosal tissue unit area (parietal cell
      densities) and ratios of parietal cells to mucous cells became lower than in
      control mice, and serum gastrin levels became contrastingly higher with the
      increasing severity of gastritis. Circulating antibodies against parietal cells
      (APA) were detected by indirect immunofluorescence (IFL) in the mice. A good
      correlation was observed between APA and gastritis: APA with high titers (more
      than 1,000-fold dilutions) appeared when severe lesions were found. In mice with
      giant mucosal folds at 18 months of age, serum protein levels were within normal
      limits, but fecal clearance rates of 125I-labelled polyvinylpyrrolidone (125I
      PVP) were significantly increased. These results suggest that the hypertrophic
      gastritis induced by neonatal Tx is characterized by hypergastrinemia due to
      parietal cell depletion caused by the presence of circulating APA and the protein
      loss from the hypertrophic mucosa. Both histological and physiopathological
      similarities were found between the gastritis in the mice and Menetrier's disease
      in man.

PMID- 3710054
TI  - Chemical and crystallographic studies on 33 cases of calcium carbonate gallstone
      (so-called limy bile).
AB  - Chemical analyses by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and crystallographic
      studies by the X-ray powder diffraction method and infrared spectrometry (KBr
      disk method) were made on 33 cases of calcium carbonate gallstone or so-called
      limy bile. Chemically, calcium carbonate was the major constituent, ranged from
      33.7 to 91.6% and averaged 77.8%. Crystallographically, calcium carbonate has
      three different polymorphic crystalline forms; calcite, aragonite and vaterite.
      In nature the most stable calcite (hexagonal) is most commonly found and
      aragonite (rhombic) is next. On the other hand vaterite, which is unstable
      hexagonal modification, rarely occurs in biological systems. But in our gallstone
      series in man, aragonite was most commonly found, with an occurrence rate of
      90.6%, while that of calcite was 62.5%. Even vaterite was found in 28.1%.
      Moreover three cases contained all three forms of calcium carbonate polymorphs;
      calcite, aragonite and vaterite. This was a very unusual condition. Some
      environmental factors controlling the growth of these crystals, such as
      specificity of the bile, are suggested.

PMID- 3710055
TI  - Comparative pharmacokinetic study of trimethadione and dimethadione for lysis of
      pancreatic stones.
AB  - In order to investigate the biological equivalence of dimethadione (DMO) and its
      precursor trimethadione (TMO), comparative pharmacokinetic studies were performed
      in 6 beagle dogs. DMO and TMO power was given orally at the same molar dose of
      1.0 g and 1.11 g (7.7 mM), respectively. Plasma concentration of DMO and TMO was
      determined at an appropriate interval. Four pharmacokinetic parameters were
      calculated from the plasma concentration-time curves of DMO and TMO; the peak
      plasma concentration (Cmax), the time to the peak concentration of Cmax (Tmax),
      the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), and the biological half
      life (t 1/2). In the plasma concentration-time curve of DMO, Tmax after oral
      administration of TMO was longer than that after administration of DMO. This
      resulted from the presence of the conversion process of TMO to DMO in the body,
      because of the very short Tmax observed in the plasma concentration-time curve of
      TMO. Cmax, AUC and t 1/2 did not differ significantly between the drugs. The
      results obtained indicate that TMO is biologically equivalent to DMO in regard to
      plasma concentration of DMO.

PMID- 3710057
TI  - Use of 23-selena-25-homocholyltaurine to detect bile acid malabsorption in
      patients with illeal dysfunction or diarrhea.
AB  - Abdominal gamma-counting after oral administration of 23-selena-25
      homocholyltaurine (75SeHCAT) was carried out on 23 healthy volunteers and 66
      patients: 33 with distal ileum resections, 3 with Crohn's disease of the ileum,
      17 suffering from various intestinal diseases but with normal ileum, and 13 with
      chronic diarrhea syndrome but without evident intestinal or extraintestinal
      pathology. The percentage value of 75SeHCAT abdominal retention was assessed by
      analysis of the activity versus time curve, obtained by single exponential least
      squares fit in five consecutive measurements (time zero and 1, 3, 5, and 7 days
      after 75SeHCAT administration) and directly by the gamma-camera countings on days
      3, 5, and 7. The percentage values obtained from the curve on the third day were
      found to be the most suitable for differentiating between the groups, giving the
      75SeHCAT test a 94% sensitivity and a 100% specificity. Our data show that this
      test is a valid indicator of bile acid loss: actually, it gave evidence of
      idiopathic malabsorption of bile salts in 6 patients with diarrhea of unknown
      origin who responded to cholestyramine and showed a correlation (correlation
      index = 0.585) with the residual ileum of the last meter in resected patients.
      Moreover, the 75SeHCAT test is easy to perform in any hospital with gamma
      counting facilities and has negligible radiation risk.

PMID- 3710056
TI  - Clinicopathological study of sclerotherapy of esophageal varices. I. A review of
      26 autopsy cases.
AB  - Twenty six autopsy cases treated by endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (an
      intravariceal injection method) using ethanolamine oleate were examined for
      morphological changes in relation to the time intervals following injection. Red
      thrombi obliterated in the varices were recognized within 20 days of the
      treatment, and after a month, organization and shrinkage had occurred. Neutrophil
      infiltration of the esophageal wall was present within four days, and hemorrhage
      within six days. Edema and necrosis, the degree of which tended to decrease
      gradually with time, were observed within 20 days. Granulation tissue was first
      seen 10 days after treatment, followed by increased transformation of fibroblasts
      into fibrocytes. After two and a half months, an almost cell-free fibrotic
      sclerotic stroma was recognized. The results obtained suggest that this treatment
      creates not only thrombi in vessels which are at risk of bleeding but also
      fibrosis which prevents rupture of the varices when a sclerosant is leaked or
      injected into the interstitial tissue. The results might furthermore serve as a
      basis for a prospective morphological study of patients with varices treated with
      ethanolamine oleate.

PMID- 3710058
TI  - Carnitine transport in human intestinal biopsy specimens. Demonstration of an
      active transport system.
AB  - Although carnitine is present in a variety of foods, the mechanism of its
      absorption has not been previously studied in humans. We investigated the
      absorption of carnitine by studying uptake into human intestinal mucosal biopsy
      specimens. We found evidence of active transport in the duodenum and ileum, but
      not in the colon. We demonstrated that intracellular concentrations exceeded
      concentrations in the incubation media at steady states and that uptake against a
      concentration gradient was abolished by anoxia and by replacement of sodium ion
      with potassium. Studies of initial rate of uptake over a range of concentrations
      revealed a curve consistent with a two-component system: a saturable system with
      a KT of 558 microM and a linear component probably representing passive
      diffusion. Addition of D-carnitine and L-acetylcarnitine resulted in diminished
      uptake of L-carnitine, suggesting that these substrates utilize the same
      transport mechanism. These studies demonstrate the presence of an active
      intestinal transport system for L-carnitine in human intestinal mucosa.

PMID- 3710059
TI  - Decreased fluid tolerance, accelerated transit, and abnormal motility of the
      human colon induced by oleic acid.
AB  - To determine whether the presence of unabsorbed fat in the colon altered colonic
      motility, intraluminal pressures were recorded in the terminal ileum and proximal
      colon, and serial 1-min gamma camera scans were obtained while test solutions
      labeled with diethylenetetramine pentaacetic acid chelate of indium 111 were
      infused into the middle portion of the ascending colon. Seven subjects received a
      control solution, and 6 subjects received an emulsion of oleic acid (4.3 g/100
      ml). Oleic acid accelerated colonic transit; isotope accumulated in the
      rectosigmoid faster in the first 120 min (4343 +/- 1175 cpm) than it did during
      control infusion (1236 +/- 348 cpm; p less than 0.01). Accelerated transit of
      oleate was accompanied by high amplitude (greater than 60 mmHg, range 60-95
      mmHg), prolonged (greater than 10 s, range 10-48 s), propagated pressure waves;
      they originated near the ileocecal junction at a median frequency of 1.3
      times/hour (mean 4.1, range 0.4-15.7). These were associated with a narrow image
      of the ascending colon on scintiscan and movement of 65.9% +/- 6.5% of counts
      from the ascending to transverse colon over the succeeding 4 min. A similar
      sequence was seen only once in 33 h of infusion with control solutions (p less
      than 0.01). Associated with these responses, the total volume of infusate
      tolerated before defecation was less with oleate than with control solutions (311
      +/- 21 ml vs. 1049 +/- 71 ml; p less than 0.01). Long-chain fatty acids
      stimulated unusual motor patterns and reduced the reservoir function of the
      ascending colon; these effects may contribute to the diarrhea of patients with
      fat malabsorption.

PMID- 3710061
TI  - Mechanical characteristics of phase II and phase III of the interdigestive
      migrating motor complex in dogs.
AB  - In conscious dogs certain parameters of the jejunal interdigestive phase II and
      phase III activity were studied by means of closely spaced strain gauges and
      videofluoroscopy. During phase III the frequency, force, and rise time of
      contractions and the contraction spread were increased, whereas the
      intercontractile intervals and the propagation velocity of contractions were
      diminished in comparison to phase II. The contraction waves of phase III were
      variable with regard to their length of spread and their rate of caudad
      migration. These two parameters adjusted the duration, the propagation velocity,
      and the length of the activity front. Propagation of contractions was sometimes
      interrupted by periods of uncoupling. Propagation velocities within contraction
      waves varied according to the pattern slow-fast-slow-fast, producing the
      videofluoroscopically observed roller coaster movements of the luminal contents.
      It is concluded that phase II and phase III are characterized not only by the
      occurrence of irregular and regular activity but by a significant change of a
      number of contraction parameters.

PMID- 3710060
TI  - Trophic effects of pentagastrin on gastrointestinal tract in fed and fasted rats.
AB  - In rats injected with pentagastrin (2-500 micrograms/kg subcutaneously) in
      saline, peak gastric acid responses occurred after 31 (30-min output) or 63
      micrograms/kg (60-min output). Rats were fed or fasted for 48 h and injected
      every 8 h with 63, 250, or 1000 micrograms/kg pentagastrin. Fasting decreased
      body weight (30% versus fed), serum gastrin (90%), and weight and protein content
      of oxyntic and pyloric gland areas, pancreas, small intestine, and colon.
      Deoxyribonucleic acid content or [3H]thymidine incorporation was decreased in all
      organs except colon. The lowest dose of pentagastrin significantly increased
      [3H]thymidine incorporation in the oxyntic gland area of fed rats and the small
      intestine of fasted rats, although organ weight, protein, or deoxyribonucleic
      acid content did not increase. These data indicate that short-term fasting has
      dramatic effects on gastrointestinal organ growth in rats and that pentagastrin
      reverses some of these changes.

PMID- 3710062
TI  - Upper esophageal sphincter function during belching.
AB  - We studied the mechanism of belching with specific attention to the upper
      esophageal sphincter (UES) in 14 normal volunteers. Belching occurred by the
      following sequence of events: lower esophageal sphincter relaxation;
      gastroesophageal gas reflux, recorded manometrically as a gastroesophageal common
      cavity phenomenon; UES relaxation; esophagopharyngeal gas reflux; and restoration
      of intraesophageal pressure to baseline by a peristaltic contraction. Upper
      esophageal sphincter relaxations comparable to those associated with belches were
      induced by abrupt esophageal distention with air boluses. In contrast, fluid
      boluses injected into the midesophageal body either had no effect on UES pressure
      or increased UES pressure. Thus, the UES responded to esophageal body distention
      in two distinct ways: abrupt relaxation in response to air boluses and pressure
      augmentation in response to fluid boluses. Mucosal anesthesia did not alter the
      UES response to esophageal boluses of gas or liquid thereby making it unlikely
      that these substances are differentiated by a mucosal receptor. Rapid distention
      of the proximal esophagus with a cylindrical balloon (15 cm long) elicited UES
      relaxation. These findings suggest that the rapidity and spatial pattern of
      esophageal distention, rather than discrimination of the type of material causing
      the distention, determines whether or not UES relaxation occurs.

PMID- 3710063
TI  - Gastric motility is stimulated but overall blood flow is unaffected during cold
      restraint in the rat.
AB  - The relationship between cold restraint-induced lesion formation, gastric
      motility, and gastric mucosal blood flow was studied in rats. Both anesthetized
      and unanesthetized animals placed in cold restraint developed gastric mucosal
      lesions. Gastric (corpus) motility was measured using extraluminal force
      transducers. Animals placed in cold restraint developed persistent, high
      amplitude, prolonged duration contractions. Those rats in which such contractions
      lasted greater than 1 h developed gastric mucosal lesions, whereas those animals
      in which such contractions lasted less than or equal to 1 h had no lesions.
      Overall gastric mucosal blood flow was measured using the hydrogen gas clearance
      technique. There was no significant change in overall gastric mucosal blood flow
      measured after 1, 2, and 3 h of cold restraint. We conclude that (a) the physical
      effect of cold water immersion is by itself sufficient to cause cold "restraint"
      lesions and (b) such lesions are associated with high amplitude, prolonged
      duration contractions lasting greater than 1 h.

PMID- 3710064
TI  - Factors associated with postoperative complications in diabetics after biliary
      tract surgery.
AB  - We reviewed all first operations for cholelithiasis at the North Carolina
      Memorial Hospital from 1973 to 1982 to assess factors associated with
      postoperative morbidity in diabetics after biliary tract surgery. Diabetics (n =
      126) had more frequent postoperative complications (24.6% vs. 12.5%, p less than
      0.001) and higher mortality (7.9% vs. 3.0%, p = 0.02) than the nondiabetics (n =
      855). Postoperative complications were more frequent in diabetics at both
      emergency surgery (57.9% vs. 39.1%) and at nonemergency surgery (18.7% vs.
      10.2%). Diabetics were older, however, and had more preoperative renal,
      cardiovascular, and neurologic disease. We used logistic regression analysis to
      adjust for these differences and to determine independent predictors of
      postoperative complications. Urgent surgery, operation other than
      cholecystectomy, cardiovascular disease, and male sex were associated with an
      increased risk of postoperative morbidity. Diabetes was associated with an
      increase in risk that was not statistically significant. We conclude that
      diabetics have increased morbidity primarily because they are older and have
      other medical problems. The risk conferred by uncomplicated diabetes is modest,
      and recommendations for prophylactic surgery in asymptomatic diabetics with
      gallstones should be reexamined in this light.

PMID- 3710065
TI  - Effect of portacaval shunt on drug disposition in patients with cirrhosis.
AB  - To examine the consequences of liver blood flow variations on drug disposition in
      cirrhosis, we studied the effects of portacaval shunt on drug clearance in 35
      cirrhotic patients. Lidocaine clearance and bioavailability, indocyanine green
      (ICG) clearance, aminopyrine breath test, and hepatic blood flow were measured
      before and 18 months after surgery. The patients were divided into two groups
      according to severity of disease: 14 patients (group 1) had slight liver
      dysfunction (ICG extraction ratio greater than 0.25) and 21 patients (group 2)
      had severe liver disease (ICG extraction ratio less than 0.25). After portacaval
      shunt the decrease in hepatic blood flow was similar for both groups (-65%). In
      group 1, ICG systemic clearance decreased from 9.10 +/- 0.68 to 4.40 +/- 0.34
      ml/min . kg (p less than 0.05), whereas ICG intrinsic clearance remained
      unchanged; lidocaine systemic clearance decreased from 7.93 +/- 0.93 to 5.09 +/-
      0.33 ml/min . kg (p less than 0.05), whereas lidocaine intrinsic clearance
      remained unchanged; bioavailability increased from 0.601 +/- 0.076 to 1,
      resulting in an abrupt reduction of oral clearance from 18.01 +/- 4.90 to 5.09 +/
      0.33 ml/min . kg (p less than 0.05). In group 2, ICG systemic clearance
      decreased slightly from 3.90 +/- 0.39 to 2.28 +/- 0.16 ml/min . kg (p less than
      0.01) and ICG intrinsic clearance was not modified; lidocaine systemic and
      intrinsic clearance remained unchanged; and bioavailability increased from 0.779
      +/- 0.229 to 1, resulting in a decrease of oral clearance from 7.68 +/- 1.65 to
      4.23 +/- 0.37 ml/min X kg (p less than 0.05). The aminopyrine breath test was not
      affected by surgery in either group. We conclude that reduction of hepatic blood
      flow after portacaval shunt has only minimal effects on drug disposition in
      patients with severe liver disease, but results in a notable reduction in the
      clearance of high-extraction drugs in cirrhotics with mild liver disease.

PMID- 3710066
TI  - Clinical significance of low molecular weight (7-8S) immunoglobulin M antibody to
      hepatitis B core antigen in chronic hepatitis B virus infections.
AB  - Separation of 7-8S and 19S forms of serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) hepatitis B core
      antibody (anti-HBc) by rate-zonal centrifugation was carried out on serum from 80
      American chronic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), all of whom
      were positive for IgM anti-HBc and had elevated levels of serum alanine
      aminotransferase (mean 164 IU/L). Seventy-three of the 80 sera showed a
      predominance of one or the other form of IgM anti-HBc. Fifty-four (68%) had
      predominantly 7-8S IgM anti-HBc, and 19 (24%) had predominantly 19S IgM anti-HBc.
      Sex, age, length of HBsAg-carrier state, mean alanine aminotransferase, mean
      total IgM anti-HBc level, presence of hepatitis B e antigen, and liver histology
      were similar in both groups. 19S IgM anti-HBc was detected in 11 (41%) of 27 male
      homosexuals compared with only 8 (17%) of 46 heterosexual patients (p = 0.03).
      Despite this apparent association, an explanation for the variable presence of
      19S and 7-8S IgM anti-HBc predominance in chronic hepatitis B remains lacking.

PMID- 3710067
TI  - Circadian rhythm of hepatic cytosolic and nuclear estrogen and androgen
      receptors.
AB  - Mammalian liver is a sex steroid-responsive tissue. The effects of these hormones
      presumably are mediated by hepatic estrogen receptors (ER) and androgen receptors
      (AR). Serum levels of sex hormones display circadian rhythms. Further, estrogens
      and androgens are commonly administered; administration of these agents is
      associated frequently with liver disease. Therefore, we investigated whether the
      cytosolic and nuclear sex steroid receptors also display a similar circadian
      rhythm, and whether variations occurred in the distribution of receptors between
      cytosolic and nuclear compartments. Animals were killed every 4 h from midnight
      till the following midnight; cytosolic and nuclear levels of both ER and AR were
      measured. Cytosolic ER reached a maximum level at 4 AM, and a minimum at 8 PM and
      midnight of both days. Nuclear ER was highest at 8 AM and lowest at 4 PM and 8
      PM, a pattern which parallels variations in serum estradiol levels. Cytosolic AR
      was highest at 8 PM and lowest at midnight and 4 AM. Nuclear AR was highest at 4
      AM and lowest at 4 PM and 8 PM. The highest level of nuclear AR does not
      correspond to the maximum serum testosterone level, which occurred at 4 PM. The
      total hepatic content of both ER and AR was not constant over the 24-h period,
      but varied considerably with time of day. These studies suggest that both ER and
      AR show a distinct circadian rhythm in subcellular compartmentalization, and that
      total hepatic content of ER and AR varies significantly during a 24-h period.

PMID- 3710068
TI  - Differing effects of nor-ursodeoxycholic or ursodeoxycholic acid on hepatic
      histology and bile acid metabolism in the rabbit.
AB  - Nor-ursodeoxycholate, the C23 analogue of ursodeoxycholate, is a potent
      choleretic agent in rodents when given acutely but, to be used in humans, chronic
      toxicity studies are required. In the rabbit, ingestion of ursodeoxycholate or
      chenodeoxycholate leads to accumulation of lithocholate, its major bacterial
      metabolite, in biliary bile acids, which causes inflammation in portal tracts of
      the liver and bile duct proliferation. To test whether chronic administration of
      nor-ursodeoxycholate would cause an analogous accumulation of nor-lithocholate
      and hepatotoxicity, rabbits were fed a Chow diet containing nor-ursodeoxycholate
      (5 or 50 mg/day): control groups received Chow alone, and "disease control"
      groups received Chow plus ursodeoxycholate or Chow plus chenodeoxycholate. After
      3 wk, animals were killed, liver sections were interpreted by a pathologist, and
      the steroid moiety of the glycine (and taurine) conjugates of gallbladder bile
      acids were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Ingestion of nor
      ursodeoxycholate did not cause hepatotoxicity, and neither it nor its presumed
      metabolite, nor-lithocholate, accumulated in biliary bile acids. To explain this
      unexpected finding, the hepatic metabolism of nor-ursodeoxycholate was
      investigated in biliary fistula rabbits. Nor-ursodeoxycholate was well absorbed
      from the intestine and secreted in the bile as a glucuronide as well as the
      unchanged compound, but conjugation with glycine and taurine was not observed. As
      glucuronides are poorly absorbed from the gut, it is proposed that the hepatic
      biotransformation of nor-ursodeoxycholate to a glucuronide rather than to a
      glycine amidate in the liver prevented its accumulation in the bile acid pool.
      Thus, shortening the side chain of ursodeoxycholate by a single carbon atom
      resulted in a bile acid with novel metabolism, which when administered
      chronically, does not accumulate in the enterohepatic circulation and does not
      cause hepatotoxicity.

PMID- 3710069
TI  - Emergence of malignant lesions within an adenomatous hyperplastic nodule in a
      cirrhotic liver. Observations in five cases.
AB  - Five cases of an adenomatous hyperplastic nodule or a similar lesion resected
      from a cirrhotic liver in which early malignant foci were seen as small nodule-in
      nodule lesions are described. These hyperplastic lesions were detected by imaging
      diagnosis in patients with nonalcoholic cirrhosis, mostly during routine clinical
      follow-up. In 2 patients, recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma occurred 11 mo
      and 15 mo postresection. Thus, these nodule-in-nodule lesions in an adenomatous
      hyperplastic nodule seem to represent an early stage of hepatocarcinogenesis in
      humans. In nonalcoholic cirrhotic patients from Japan and Southeast Asia, in whom
      hepatocellular carcinoma is endemic, an adenomatous hyperplastic nodule or a
      similar hyperplastic lesion that occurs in cirrhotic livers may be preneoplastic
      and already committed to malignant transformation.

PMID- 3710070
TI  - Primary malignant melanoma of the gallbladder, metastatic to the common bile
      duct.
AB  - A primary malignant melanoma of the gallbladder, metastatic to the common bile
      duct, is reported. Both tumor sites were first visualized by abdominal
      sonography. The presence of the common bile duct metastasis was confirmed by
      endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Histologic evidence is presented
      that the primary tumor did arise in the gallbladder and that the metastasis to
      the common bile duct most likely occurred as a consequence of mucosal implants
      from tumor cells that were shed in the bile.

PMID- 3710071
TI  - Technology illuminates a shadowy syndrome.

PMID- 3710072
TI  - Asymptomatic gallstones. Does diabetes mellitus make a difference?

PMID- 3710073
TI  - Selective mesenteric vasodilators. A future role in acute mesenteric ischemia?

PMID- 3710074
TI  - Gastric cell turnover.

PMID- 3710076
TI  - DALM in ulcerative colitis cancer surveillance.

PMID- 3710075
TI  - Emesis, upper gut dysmotility, and brainstem tumors.

PMID- 3710077
TI  - Pancreas divisum and pancreatitis.

PMID- 3710078
TI  - Continuous recording of pyloric pressure in humans.

PMID- 3710079
TI  - Multiple foci of colorectal carcinoma in a young white woman with Crohn's
      ileocolitis.

PMID- 3710080
TI  - Preparation of subcellular membranes from rat intestinal scrapings or isolated
      cells. Different Ca2+ binding, nonesterified fatty acid levels, and lipolytic
      activity.
AB  - Basolateral, brush-border, and Golgi-enriched subcellular membrane fractions,
      prepared from homogenates of rat small intestinal mucosa obtained by scraping,
      had unusually high concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids. These fatty acids
      appear to be responsible for the large amount of calcium binding, an effect that
      previously was shown to be reduced in vitamin D deficiency. In contrast,
      basolateral and Golgi membranes prepared from isolated cells had low levels of
      nonesterified fatty acids and calcium binding. Intermediate levels were found
      with isolated cells that were not put through the usual washing procedures.
      Addition to homogenates of scrapings of a lipase inhibitor, diethyl-p-nitrophenyl
      phosphate, reduced calcium binding and nonesterified fatty acids to levels
      similar to those in membranes prepared from isolated cells. Phospholipase A
      activity was low in homogenates of isolated cells and high in scrapings; this was
      reduced in intestinal scrapings of vitamin D-deficient rats. Ileal membranes had
      more calcium binding than duodenal membranes, and ileal homogenates also had
      greater phospholipase A activity. Preparation of subcellular membranes from rat
      intestinal scrapings can result in altered lipid composition, probably due to
      lipolytic enzyme activity; in addition to increasing cation-binding, these high
      levels of fatty acids may affect other membrane properties and enzyme function.

PMID- 3710081
TI  - Nonspecific adaptation of jejunal amino acid uptake in the rat.
AB  - Luminal nutrients are a major effector of intestinal adaptation. Amino acids are
      trophic to the intestine, but their role in regulating amino acid transport is
      not well documented. The presence of several distinct amino acid transport
      systems raises the question of whether adaptation is class-specific. Studies were
      carried out in parenterally nourished rats receiving a 7-day jejunal infusion of
      a 3% solution of either aminoisobutyric acid, aspartic acid, glutamine,
      histidine, lysine, or valine. While all amino acids were trophic to the
      intestine, their effects on the in vitro uptake of 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 mM aspartic
      acid, lysine, and valine (representative acid, basic, and neutral amino acids)
      were variable and nonspecific. Compared to controls receiving either total
      parenteral nutrition alone or total parenteral nutrition plus luminal saline,
      prior lysine and aspartic acid infusion significantly increased in vitro uptake
      of all three amino acids tested, whereas valine had little effect on transport.
      No effect on transport was seen with glutamine (actively metabolized by the
      intestine as is aspartic acid), aminoisobutyric acid (a nonmetabolizable amino
      acid congener), or histidine (the most trophic amino acid). In conclusion, while
      individual amino acids cause an adaptation of amino acid uptake, the effects are
      nonspecific and independent of their metabolic or trophic potential.

PMID- 3710082
TI  - Chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction in young children.
AB  - We studied 8 young children (4 boys and 4 girls) with chronic intestinal
      pseudoobstruction. Intestinal pseudoobstruction, recurrent urinary tract
      infections, and dysuria occurred between the ages of a few weeks to 5 yr old. All
      had marked dilatation of the entire gastrointestinal tract distal to the
      esophagus, and megacystis. Conventional pathologic examinations of the full
      thickness specimens of the gastrointestinal tract were normal in 5 and abnormal
      in 2 patients. The abnormalities included increased fibrosis and lipofuscin
      pigment in the smooth muscle cells. Myenteric plexus examination, using the
      Smith's method in 2 patients, was normal. Biopsy specimens from urinary bladders
      examined in 3 patients revealed separation of individual smooth muscle cells by
      collagen fibers. Intestinal manometric studies performed in 3 patients showed
      only weak and infrequent contractions during fasting and after feeding. Severe
      and extensive dysfunction of the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts with
      relatively normal histologic appearance are typical for these children.

PMID- 3710083
TI  - Estimated versus measured basal energy requirements in patients with Crohn's
      disease.
AB  - Increased energy expenditure associated with active inflammation has been thought
      to be one cause of weight loss in patients with Crohn's disease. Our aim was to
      test this hypothesis by determining if resting energy expenditure (REE) measured
      by indirect calorimetry was greater than the predicted energy expenditure (PEE)
      calculated from the Harris-Benedict formula (variables--sex, age, height, and
      weight) in each patient. Fifty-four patients with radiographic evidence of
      Crohn's disease were studied. There was a highly significant relationship (p less
      than 0.001) between REE and PEE, which can be expressed as follows: REE = 39.40 +
      0.99 (PEE). The mean REE was 1427 +/- 228 kcal/day, whereas the mean PEE was 1404
      +/- 197 kcal/day. Patients with the lowest weights when expressed as percentages
      of ideal body weights had the greatest resting energy expenditure per kilogram of
      body weight (r = -0.73, p less than 0.001). The mean REE per kilogram per day was
      25 +/- 4 kcal, and only 4 of 54 patients (7%) had REE greater than or equal to 30
      kcal/kg X day. Thus, REE measured by indirect calorimetry in Crohn's disease
      patients was not significantly higher than PEE that can be estimated from the
      Harris-Benedict equation. These findings show that most Crohn's disease patients
      without fever or sepsis do not have increased REE.

PMID- 3710084
TI  - Comparison of an intravenous selective mesenteric vasodilator with intraarterial
      papaverine in experimental nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia.
AB  - Acute nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia was produced in dogs anesthetized with
      pentobarbital by reversible pericardial tamponade, which reduced cardiac output
      and mesenteric blood flow by approximately 42% and 53%, respectively. Papaverine,
      infused into the cephalic (superior) mesenteric artery at an average dose of 100
      micrograms/kg X min, was completely effective in restoring mesenteric blood flow
      and correcting altered intestinal oxygen kinetics. However, the same dose of
      papaverine given intravenously to other dogs was ineffective in correcting the
      deranged hemodynamics and oxygen kinetics. Larger doses of intravenous papaverine
      returned mesenteric blood flow toward control values but caused systemic arterial
      hypotension. In comparison, synthetic urotensin I, a highly selective mesenteric
      vasodilator peptide, produced results identical to those produced by
      intraarterial papaverine, even though it was given intravenously in small doses
      (average dose: 13 ng/kg . min). Moreover, it produced no systemic effects. These
      results suggest that intravenous urotensin I is as effective as intraarterial
      papaverine in a model of severe mesenteric ischemia, and that it should be
      examined for a possible clinical role in the treatment of acute mesenteric
      ischemia in humans.

PMID- 3710085
TI  - Interaction of tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate with macrophages in the rat and
      in vitro.
AB  - Tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate (TDB), De-Nol, heals peptic ulcers with an
      efficacy similar to the H2 antagonists. Tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate may
      also be effective in decreasing relapse rates. Its mode of action is unknown, but
      it was recently observed that TDB rapidly increased the number of macrophages in
      experimental ulcers. This might accelerate reparative processes, accounting for
      the drug's action. Using more sophisticated techniques we could not demonstrate
      any macrophage influx in response to single, or multiple, doses of TDB. Electron
      micrographs did demonstrate that monocytes, the precursors of macrophages, could
      internalize TDB. This process occurred rapidly in the presence of plasma where an
      avid TDB-protein interaction was observed. It has been suggested that such an
      interaction upon the ulcer may form a protective layer allowing mucosal
      regeneration to occur unhindered beneath. We believe our electron micrographs
      support this theory.

PMID- 3710086
TI  - Relationship between impaired gastric emptying and abnormal gastrointestinal
      motility.
AB  - The mechanism of gastric stasis in disorders of gastrointestinal motility is
      largely unexplored. The region or regions of abnormal motility in 13 patients
      with a gastrointestinal motility disorder were characterized manometrically.
      Antral hypomotility was established in 6 patients and intestinal dysmotility in 7
      others. One patient had both antral hypomotility and intestinal dysmotility.
      Gastric emptying of solids and liquids was quantitated scintigraphically;
      emptying data for solids were represented by a two-phase model (lag and emptying)
      and for liquids by a power exponential model. Antral hypomotility was associated
      with gastric stasis manifested by both a prolongation of the solid lag time [from
      35 +/- 6 min for controls to 87 +/- 23 min (mean +/- SE), p less than 0.05] and
      slower emptying rates of solids (from a slope index of 29.9 +/- 2 for controls to
      17.8 +/- 5, p less than 0.05) and liquids (from a kappa index of 3.6 +/- 0.6 for
      controls to 1.5 +/- 0.5, p less than 0.05). Intestinal dysmotility did not alter
      the solid lag time; however, it did decrease the slope of solid emptying from the
      stomach (from a slope index of 29.9 +/- 2 for controls to 13.5 +/- 3, p less than
      0.05) and also prolonged emptying of liquids (from a kappa index of 3.6 +/- 0.3
      for controls to 1.9 +/- 0.6, p less than 0.05). These data are consistent with
      the hypothesis that the gastric stasis in gut dysmotilities occurs because of
      impaired antral peristalsis due to antral hypomotility or increased resistance to
      flow into the small bowel due to intestinal dysmotility.

PMID- 3710087
TI  - A surgical approach to hemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis based on endoscopic
      retrograde pancreatography.

PMID- 3710088
TI  - The modular endoscope: preliminary experience.

PMID- 3710089
TI  - Percutaneous endoscopic cecostomy: a new approach to nonobstructive colonic
      dilation.

PMID- 3710090
TI  - Endoscopic pancreatic cystogastrostomy using the Nd: YAG laser.

PMID- 3710091
TI  - Endoscopic surveillance for cancer of the gastric stump.

PMID- 3710093
TI  - The double papilla of Vater.

PMID- 3710092
TI  - An alternative view of the stomach--measurement and mucosal defense.

PMID- 3710094
TI  - Encapsulated alkali ingestion has a characteristic endoscopic appearance.

PMID- 3710095
TI  - Lavage-induced pill malabsorption.

PMID- 3710096
TI  - Paroxysmal ventricular complexes during colonoscopy.

PMID- 3710097
TI  - Heterotopic polypoid gastric mucosa in the duodenum.

PMID- 3710098
TI  - A lateral radiation probe in YAG laser therapy.

PMID- 3710099
TI  - Three permutations of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy.

PMID- 3710100
TI  - Abstracts submitted to American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 1986.

PMID- 3710101
TI  - Preliminary experience with hydrostatic balloon dilation of gastric outlet
      obstruction.
AB  - In treating a group of 15 patients with gastric outlet obstruction, 12 (80%) had
      good to excellent relief of symptoms. Two patients required surgical
      intervention. One patient has symptoms that were persistent but mild enough to
      forego surgery. Balloon dilation offers an alternative to the surgical management
      of gastric outlet obstruction.

PMID- 3710102
TI  - Cancer of the gastric stump.
AB  - 28,500 fiberoptic endoscopies were reviewed. 97 cancers of the stump were found
      in 1,119 patients who had had gastric resection (8.66%), in contrast to the 3.9%
      of cancers found in nonoperated patients. This suggests that the gastric remnant
      has a higher tendency to develop cancer than the nonresected stomach. A policy of
      periodic follow-up of these patients must be considered in order to detect the
      tumor at an early stage.

PMID- 3710103
TI  - Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in normal asymptomatic volunteers.
AB  - In a prospective study, 355 healthy, asymptomatic, male volunteers, 18 to 45
      years of age, were screened by esophagogastroduodenoscopy before admission to
      clinical trials. One hundred thirty-four volunteers (38%) showed abnormal
      endoscopic findings. Some volunteers had more than one site of involvement or
      more than one grade of lesion in each anatomic location. In 49 (14%) of these
      subjects the esophagus was a site of involvement, while in 86 (24%) the stomach
      was involved, and in 71 (20%) the duodenum was involved. The point prevalences in
      these asymptomatic subjects were 8.5% for erosive esophagitis, 12% for erosive
      gastritis, 10% for erosive duodenitis, 2% for gastric ulcer, and 2% for duodenal
      ulcer.

PMID- 3710104
TI  - Effects of repeated injection sclerotherapy on acid gastroesophageal reflux.
AB  - Acid gastroesophageal reflux was determined by long-term pH monitoring in 19
      consecutive variceal bleeders after 5 to 20 (mean, 10.3 +/- 1 SEM) sclerotherapy
      sessions with the flexible endoscope using polidocanol 1% as sclerosant. Fifteen
      cirrhotics with untreated varices served as controls. Percentage time of
      esophageal pH less than 4 (3.3 +/- 0.7 SEM vs. 5.2 +/- 2.2 in the controls) and
      mean duration of reflux episodes (2.9 +/- 0.4 vs. 3.0 +/- 0.7 min) showed no
      significant differences between both groups. The findings indicate that repeated
      injection sclerotherapy with the flexible endoscope does not lead to an
      enhancement of acid gastroesophageal reflux.

PMID- 3710105
TI  - Retrosternal pain subsequent to sclerotherapy.
AB  - A controlled trial was conducted to determine the etiology of retrosternal pain
      following sclerotherapy. Sclerotherapy was performed on patients that had
      previously bled from varices. Esophageal motility studies were recorded from
      seven patients prior to sclerotherapy and immediately subsequent (within 10 min)
      to it. Motility studies were also recorded from seven normal subjects before and
      after undergoing gastroscopy to determine the effects of gastroscopy upon
      esophageal motility. Sclerotherapy appears to induce a transient pattern of
      diffuse esophageal spasm, the main features of which are significantly (p less
      than 0.05) prolonged wave duration, increased peak amplitude, and simultaneous
      contractions.

PMID- 3710106
TI  - The European experience with esophageal cancer limited to the mucosa and
      submucosa.
AB  - In a survey concerning the diagnosis of esophageal cancer and especially early
      esophageal cancer (EEC) made during the years 1976 to 1980 we collected from all
      over Europe the results of 902,207 upper gastrointestinal endoscopies. There were
      6,719 (0.7%) reports of esophageal carcinoma of which 51 (0.75%) were EEC. Only 8
      patients with EEC were asymptomatic. The tumor was localized to the middle third
      of the esophagus in 24 cases, to the lower third in another 24 cases, and to the
      upper third in 3 cases. All patients had resection of the esophageal cancer.
      Thirty-one (60.7%) patients are still alive, but 6 show evidence of recurrence.

PMID- 3710107
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the transverse duodenum.

PMID- 3710108
TI  - [Connective tissue reinforcing structures of the digital tendon sheaths of the
      human hand].
AB  - At a greater number of humid preparated human hands, all the ligamentous supports
      of the digital tendon sheath were exposed and their dimensions were determined.
      The osteofibrous channels, which contain the long flexor tendons of the digits,
      were bounded on the one hand by transversely concave shaft areas of the phalanges
      and the palmar ligaments and on the other side by the fibrous parts of the tendon
      sheath. From the second to the 5th finger, it has a regular extension of length,
      which begins proximal at the heads of the metacarpal bones and runs distal to the
      base of the nail phalanx. In some cases, there is a continuous communication
      between the digital tendon sheath of the little finger and the carpal synovial
      sheath. The tendon sheath of the flexor pollicis longus muscle in comparison with
      it is always in an open communication with the radial synovial sac of the wrist.
      At the fibrous supports of the digital tendon sheath, one can find constant and
      inconstant ligamentous structures. Regular shaped ligaments consist of annular
      fibers (A1 to A5). The proximal complex of fiber supports is a formation of the
      A1 and A2 ligaments. The band A1 can be divided into 2 ligaments both of roughly
      equal length, which lay between the head of the metacarpal bone and the base of
      the proximal phalanx. The strongest fibrous support of the whole digital tendon
      sheath represents the band A2. It is attached to the midth of the proximal
      phalanx and increases in strength from proximal to distal. The middle length
      varies between 6.7 mm at the thumb and 18.7 mm at the middle finger. The distal
      margin is strengthened by fibrocartilage tissue to be in accordance with the
      important function as a pulley. The annular band A4 forms the distal supporting
      complex height above the shaft of the middle phalanx. At the 2nd to the 5th
      finger it is, with a middle length of 6 to 7 mm, very much shorter than A2 and
      restrains first of all the tendon of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle. In
      the area of the interphalangeal joints, we can find the annular bands A3 and A5,
      which fiber texture is formed variable. Both ligaments are attached on either
      both sides with the joint capsule and the palmar plate. The other inconstant
      supports of the digital sheaths are systematically recorded indeed (C1 to C3),
      but only in exceptional cases they exist of cruciform fibers (Lig.
      cruciatum).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3710109
TI  - The effect of oestradiolum benzoicum and progesterone on the noradrenalin content
      in organs of the female reproductive system of sexually immature pigs.
AB  - The paper describes the effect of exogenous oestradiol and progesterone on
      noradrenalin (NA) content in the ovary, tuba uterina, uterus, and vagina, and on
      the morphological features of adrenergic nerves in these organs in sexually
      immature female pigs. 30 animals were used, of body weight 37 to 43 kg, and age
      115 to 125 d. The animals were divided randomly into 4 groups. Group I (n = 6)
      constituted the control, group II (n = 8) was given oestradiolum benzoicum, group
      III (n = 8) was given progesterone, and group IV (n = 8) was given oestradiol and
      progesterone. Oestradiol injections resulted in a 1.5-fold increase of NA content
      in the ovary, a 4.5-fold increase in the tuba uterina, and a decrease of NA
      content in the uterine horn, cervix, and in the vagina, to 0.6 of the control NA
      level. Progesterone injections did not cause changes in NA content in the ovary,
      while there was 8.5-fold increase of NA in the oviduct, a 4-fold increase in the
      uterile horn, a 6-fold increase in the cervix, and a 3-fold increase in the
      vagina compared to the control. Joint injections of oestradiol and progesterone
      resulted in a decrease of NA content in the ovary to about 0.5 of the control
      level, and in an increase of NA content of about 5-fold in the tuba uterina, 7
      fold in the uterine horn, 8-fold in the cervix, and 2-fold in the vagina. The
      increase of NA content in the organs was coupled with a slight increase in the
      density of the adrenergic innervation and the intensity of fluorescence of these
      nerves compared to the control. The results were compared to the results of
      similar but not identical studies, carried out on other mammals.

PMID- 3710110
TI  - [Report of inaccuracies in the study of the dentition of mammals].
AB  - After discussing the existing view points and on the base of author's own
      studies, the designation of premolars and molars is proposed in the deciduous and
      permanent dentition of placental mammals, corresponding to the function, form,
      and structure of the teeth. With the admittance of the molars in the deciduous
      dentition of mammals, the discrepancy between milk dentition of mammals and
      humans is eliminated. In this way, the molars of deciduous dentition appeared to
      be the precursors of premolars and molars of permanent dentition. The separate
      groups of teeth are differentiated depending on the way of life and kind of
      consumed food, according to position and function of the teeth in the dentition.
      Lacerating teeth, premolars are formed in carnivora mammals for tearing off the
      food, and in case of intensive masticatory function of herbivora and omnivora,
      very likely, from the same germs of premolars, the molars are formed.

PMID- 3710111
TI  - Quantitative investigations on the topography of twelve structural elements of
      the male gonad.
AB  - For elucidating the problem whether the tissue composition of the male gonad is
      identical or different in the equatorial zone and polar zones of the organ, 104
      left testes were studied obtaining them from the cadaver of patients dying from
      various acute and chronic diseases not affecting the endocrine system. In the
      histological preparations of the polar and equatorial zones of the testis, the
      proportion [%] were calculated of 6 types of convoluted tubules designated with
      numbers from 1 to 6 in the sequence of decreasing spermatogenic activity, and by
      the morphometric method, the proportions [%] were determined of the tubular
      lumina, spermatogenic epithelium, tubular membrane, stroma, blood vessels, and
      LEYDIG's cells. In the whole analysed group, only tubules type 2 were more
      numerous in the equatorial part, while tubules type 6 prevailed in the polar
      parts. The lumina of the tubules occupied a greater % of the testicular structure
      in the polar parts as compared with the central part. Other tissue elements were
      present in similar amounts or the differences between their amounts in these
      parts were only nearly significant statistically. The study showed also that the
      number of type 1 tubules decreased significantly with progressing age, while the
      number of type 6 tubules increased. A statistically significant fall of the
      proportion [%] of the spermatogenic epithelium and increased proportion of
      tubular membranes and stroma were another age-related changes. It is worth
      stressing that these age-related processes progressed parallelly in the
      equatorial part and in the polar parts of the testis which suggest that ageing of
      the organ occurs simultaneously in the whole gonad.

PMID- 3710112
TI  - Improvement of the method of kernel estimation by local polynomial approximation
      of the empirical distribution function and its application to empirical
      regression.
AB  - The kernel estimation of an unknown density function derived from measured values
      has at least one disadvantage: the second central moment of the estimated density
      is greater than the sample variance. This is unsatisfactory. It is possible to
      reduce the difference between both variances by an improvement of the method of
      kernel estimation. But for improved GAUSS-kernels it is not possible to reduce it
      to zero.

PMID- 3710113
TI  - [External laryngeal muscles--origin, insertion, length and potential force].
AB  - Measurements have been given of the mm. cricothyreoideus, thyreohyoideus and
      inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle. Also measured were the circumferences of
      these muscles for estimating their potential force. The course of the superior
      laryngeal nerve, external branch to the thyreopharyngeal muscle and the twigs of
      the nerve were examined.

PMID- 3710114
TI  - [Specific selection of recommendations for estimating body height from skeletal
      findings, comparability of estimated results and general problems in estimating
      body height during life].
AB  - Problems in estimating stature from skeletal remains are not enough analysed in
      anthropology. Certainly, a great number of statements exists but the problems of
      recommendability and comparability of these statements must studied more
      complete. Reasons for these ommisions must be searched in the neglect of the fact
      that physical constitutions differed in historical and geographical respects.
      Therefore in this paper, some basic problems in estimating stature are
      represented, some aids for better comparability and recommendability are given.

PMID- 3710115
TI  - [Histological, ultrastructural and topochemical studies on the brood care of
      Symphysodon aequifasciatus Pellegrin 1903].
AB  - In the period of brood care, the epidermis of the genus Symphysodon has a
      trophical function. Compartment-like filament-containing surface layer cells and
      secretocytes of different degree of maturity are the first nourishment for the
      young larvae. Because of the modifications on the outer surface, the larvae are
      able to take in epidermal nourishment. Epibiotical bacteria on the epidermis of
      the adults and other epibiotical organisms are found in the intestine of the
      larvae.

PMID- 3710116
TI  - The developmental study on the third coronary artery of human being.
AB  - The 3rd coronary artery, whose anatomical significance is defined, is a normal
      variant of the conus branch of the right coronary artery. This study involved the
      stereoscopic comparative investigation of human fetal hearts from 13 to 40 weeks
      of age and human adult hearts from 18 to 88 a of age. The incidence of the 3rd
      coronary artery in human fetuses was 45 out of 218 or 20.6%. No clear sexual
      differences were observed. Anastomoses had already developed between the 3rd
      coronary and the branches of the left anterior descending artery during the fetal
      stage. The 3rd coronary artery orifices in human fetuses was located at 9 o'clock
      (+/- 0 degree) most frequent (48.9%), and at 8 o'clock (-30 degrees) most
      infrequent (22.2%). The incidence of the 3rd coronary artery in human adults was
      36.8%. In the human adult's normal group, the orifice was located at 9 o'clock
      (+/- 0 degree) most frequent (59.0%), and at 8 o'clock (-30 degrees) most
      infrequent (14.8%), while on the other hand in the pathologic group, the orifice
      was located at 9 o'clock (+/- 0 degree) most frequent (54.9%) and at 10 o'clock
      (+30 degrees) most infrequent (11.5%). Further, multiple 3rd coronary artery
      orifices, which were not observed in human fetal hearts, were observed in the
      human adults' heart. Furthermore, the existence of multiple orifices and the fact
      that human adult hearts had a higher incidence than human fetal hearts suggests
      the possibility that the 3rd coronary artery develops after birth.

PMID- 3710117
TI  - [Measurements of length and cross sections of the posterior and lateral
      cricoarytenoid and arytenoid muscles].
AB  - The inner muscles of the larynx have been dissected and its length values and
      circumferences were measured. The potential force of the posterior cricothyroid
      muscle was estimated with 26,65 N of the arytenoid muscles with 17,24 N, and for
      the lateral crico-arytenoid and thyreoarytenoid external muscles with 26,56 N.
      The development and the functions of the muscles are discussed.

PMID- 3710118
TI  - [Morphogenesis of the highly specialized nasal skull in the sperm whale (Physeter
      macrocephalus). I].
AB  - Investigated the morphogenesis of the nasal structures of the chondrocranium and
      determatocranium in 15 embryos and foetuses of the sperm whale (Physeter
      macrocephalus). In the very early stages of the morphogenesis, the nasal capsule
      of Physeter shows a conspicuous similarity with that of all other odontocetes. In
      the following stages there are some important differences. Most peculiar is the
      occurrence of the cartilaginous tectum nasi with the cupulae nasi anteriores,
      elements which are reduced in all other odontocetes. This cartilaginous complex
      as a slender band projects obliquely forward from the upper edge of the anterior
      septal margin. It is free, i.e. not accompanied by membraneous bones. The complex
      represents the most important factor in the morphogenesis and growth of the
      characteristic big forehead in Physeter, which contains the spermaceti organ
      unique within the odontocetes. Other important differences concern the changes in
      the orientation of the nasal passages and the adjacent skeletal structures.
      Nevertheless, these differences have to be taken as specializations related to
      the development of the far-advanced spermaceti organ. As a whole, the embryonic
      nasal structures in Physeter belong to the same general type of nasal capsule
      which is common to all odontocetes. The results presented here suggest a close
      phylogenetic relationship between Physeter and the other Odontoceti.

PMID- 3710119
TI  - Regional variation of the vasculo-syncytial membranes in the human full-term
      placenta.
AB  - The authors determined the frequency of vasculo-syncytial membranes in different
      cotyledonary regions of the full-term placenta. There were significant
      differences according to the site from which the sample was obtained. The highest
      frequency (164,3%) corresponds to the central-parabasal region of the cotyledon,
      close to the point of entry of the maternal blood into the intervillous space,
      whereas the lowest value (104,5%) corresponds to the lateral-subchorial region.
      The results of the present study as well as those reported by others suggest that
      the villi from the central-parabasal region are the best adapted ones for gas
      transfer between maternal and fetal blood.

PMID- 3710120
TI  - Annual cyclical changes in the testicular activity of an Indian freshwater major
      carp, Labeo rohita (Hamilton).
AB  - Different male germ cells identified on the basis of histological and cytological
      characteristics in the testicular lobules of Labeo rohita have been grouped into
      spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes, spermatids and
      spermatozoa. The seasonal changes of the testis in L. rohita have been described
      according to its morphological peculiarities as well as to its variations in
      gonadal volumes, GSI values and frequency percentages of the different male germ
      cells occurring in the testicular lobules. Consequently, the entire testicular
      cycle in L. rohita may be categorised into 4 distinct phases viz., growth,
      maturation of pre-spawning, spawning, and resting or post-spawning phases.

PMID- 3710122
TI  - [Ichthyosis uteri. Case report on a rare clinical entity].
AB  - The present paper communicates an observation of a squamous cell carcinoma of the
      corpus uteri at the base of an ichthyosis uteri. The ichthyosis uteri developed
      over a period of just three years from a discrete squamous cell metaplasia of the
      endometrial body in the presence of slight nonspecific endometritis. It is
      recommended that when ichthyosis uteri is detected the uterus should be removed,
      since the changes cannot be eliminated by curettage and there is a risk of
      malignant degeneration within a relatively short time.

PMID- 3710121
TI  - [Oral treatment of vulvar dystrophy with an aromatic retinoid, etretinate].
AB  - Twenty patients with vulvar dystrophy (19 Lichen sclerosus, 1 Lichen ruber
      planus) were treated for 3 months with etretinate (Tigason) with an initial dose
      0.54 mg/kg/day, maintenance dosage 0.26 mg/kg/day. All the patients had been
      unsuccessfully treated previously with topical oestrogen and corticosteroids. The
      therapeutic effect of etretinate on the subjective and objective symptoms of the
      disease was excellent. In most of the patients the pruritus and burning symptoms
      diminished within 2 weeks of treatment, and after 3 months the grade of symptoms
      was lower in 95% of cases. Clinically, a decrease in severity was achieved in 93%
      of cases among the group with severe vulvar dystrophy. The therapeutic effect of
      etretinate is strongly anti-inflammatory and it has a powerful effect on the
      epidermal tissues. According to the latest studies, etretinate also has a strong
      immuno-modifying effect on the epidermal cells. The secondary inflammatory
      changes, such as excoriatia, fissures and superinfections disappeared. In the
      histopathological follow-up hyperkeratosis in the stroma diminished and the
      inflamed cells and connective tissue normalised after 3 months of treatment. Side
      effects included cheilitis, dryness of mucous membranes and slight loss of hair.
      It must be taken into account that etretinate may cause liquid metabolism
      disturbances, particularly among risk factor patients (diabetes, obesity etc.).
      In our experience the best results to date in the treatment of vulvar dystrophy
      can be achieved with etretinate. Due to the teratogenic effect of etretinate, a
      reliable method of contraception must be used by fertile women of childbearing
      age.

PMID- 3710123
TI  - [Pregnancy in a rudimentary uterine horn. Case report].
AB  - A case of pregnancy in a right rudimentary uterine horn is presented. The
      pregnancy ruptured in the 32nd week of gestation.

PMID- 3710124
TI  - [Unusual skin burn during cesarean section].
AB  - The author reports on an unusual case of a skin burn at the inside of the thigh
      caused by contact between the electrocoagulating device and amnion. The
      technicalities involved are presented and the possibilities of preventing such
      accidents are discussed.

PMID- 3710125
TI  - [Karyometric analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes].

PMID- 3710126
TI  - [Colony-forming capacity of the bone marrow cells studied in diffusion chambers
      in patients with different leukopenic states].

PMID- 3710127
TI  - [Colony-forming capacity of the stromal cells of lymphoid tissue in patients with
      malignant lymphoma and reactive lymph node hyperplasia].

PMID- 3710128
TI  - [Infection of a continuous mouse bone marrow culture with the Rauscher virus].

PMID- 3710129
TI  - [Improved management of the blood service in the USSR in the 12th Five-Year
      Plan].

PMID- 3710130
TI  - [Effect of a factor XII inhibitor isolated from kernels of corn on the cold
      activation of factor VII in blood plasma].

PMID- 3710131
TI  - [Cystic changes in the ovaries in thrombocytopenic purpura].

PMID- 3710132
TI  - [Analysis of the sedimentation separation of leukocytes and erythrocytes in
      preserved blood stored in small glass bottles and plastic containers].

PMID- 3710133
TI  - [Shifts in the lymphocyte populations in hypoplastic anemia and cytopenic forms
      of acute leukemia].

PMID- 3710134
TI  - [Current aspects of hemofiltration].

PMID- 3710135
TI  - [Middle-molecule toxins in the suppression of erythropoiesis].

PMID- 3710136
TI  - Studies on an isolated West Indies population: IV. Genetic study of hearing loss.
AB  - Hearing troubles were found to be very frequent among inhabitants of French
      origin in a small Caribbean island. Segregation analysis of hearing loss was
      performed in 165 complete nuclear families and revealed that familial aggregation
      could be entirely explained by a single recessive gene with high frequency
      (0.40). Homozygous individuals for this gene would probably be more susceptible
      to ototoxic agents than other individuals. High frequency of this gene may be due
      to a founder effect.

PMID- 3710137
TI  - Familial aggregation of cancer in Laredo, Texas: a generally low-risk Mexican
      American population.
AB  - Genealogies for the Mexican-American city of Laredo, Texas, have been assembled
      by computer from individual civil and church records of birth, marriage, and
      death. Documentation is available on vital events in the lives of over 300,000
      individuals, about 80% of the city population from 1870-1981. These data were
      collected to determine the degree to which death from cancer is more clustered in
      families than would be expected by chance alone; methods specific to this data
      base have been developed to accomplish this task. A statistically significant
      excess of familial cancer was observed overall when all cancer sites were pooled,
      but no evidence was observed for excess familial risk at single sites except for
      breast cancer and perhaps for ovarian cancer. The excess of breast cancer risk is
      comparable to that observed in other populations. A few site-combinations
      manifest excess familial risk, most notably those involving and dominated by
      breast cancer and certain digestive system sites. We do not confirm the degree of
      familiarity observed elsewhere for cancers of the lung, colorectum, stomach, or
      other sites in this generally low-risk population. Even where we find evidence of
      excess risk, the degree of excess is small and the number of multiply affected
      families too small to test etiologic models by segregation analysis. The absence
      of excess familial risk does not appear to be due to inadequate numbers of cases,
      since breast cancer is familial with no more occurrences in Laredo than other
      sites. These results differ to some extent from those found in a similar study of
      Utah Mormons, but it is unclear whether this is because of differences in risk
      patterns or statistical properties of the analytic methods used in the two
      studies.

PMID- 3710138
TI  - Family history of cancer related to cholesterol level in young adults.
AB  - Cancer family history was quantified in 229 subjects (122 female, 107 male)
      screened for total serum cholesterol as seventh graders in 1972-1973 and repeated
      nine years later as young adults. Division of the subjects on the basis of
      cholesterol quintile resulted in significantly lower cancer family history scores
      in participants with persistently low total serum cholesterol levels and a
      significant excess of cancer mortality in parents and grandparents of young adult
      males with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in the upper quintile. A trend
      toward increased cancer in families of young adults who were smokers was
      independent of the cholesterol levels. It is suggested that such a quantification
      of family history score will be more useful than simply designating the family
      history as positive or negative in future modeling schemes for predicting risk.

PMID- 3710139
TI  - Testing for developmental changes in gene expression on resemblance for
      quantitative traits in kinships of twins: application to height, weight, and
      blood pressure.
AB  - Height, weight, and blood pressure measurements on identical and fraternal twins
      and their families were analyzed to assess the degree to which genetic effects
      may change with age. The blood pressure data were based on the total sample of
      1,767 individuals, while height and weight were available on 1,640 individuals in
      204 monozygotic twin kinships. The results of testing alternative hypotheses
      about developmental changes in gene expression indicate that different mechanisms
      may be operative for these traits. While there was no evidence that developmental
      effects are a significant source of the observed variation in systolic or
      diastolic blood pressure, there was strong evidence that genetically determined
      developmental changes are an important factor in the determination of body
      weight. Age-related changes in weight appeared to be best explained by the
      cumulative developmental effects of a single set of genes, rather than by the
      expression of new genes at different stages of development.

PMID- 3710140
TI  - Familial resemblance of bone mass in adult women.
AB  - Bone mass may be so reduced in some individuals as to be characterized as
      osteoporotic, with resulting fracture, particularly of the proximal femur,
      vertebrae, or wrist. We identified 34 mother-daughter sets (n = 70) and 29
      sibling sets (n = 59) from a community study of bone mass correlates to assess
      the degree of resemblance in bone mass within and between generations. We
      hypothesized that if between- and within-generation correlations of bone mass in
      first-degree relatives were of sufficient magnitude, then an important genetic
      influence in osteoporosis might be considered. Bone mass was measured at the
      distal radius using a single-beam photon absorptiometer. Height, weight, triceps
      skinfold thickness, and mid-arm circumference were also measured, and the latter
      two measurements used to compute humeral muscle area. We identified a significant
      resemblance in height among the sibling sets. We found no consistent evidence for
      significant resemblance of bone mass among women when considering mother-daughter
      sets or sibling sets.

PMID- 3710141
TI  - Heterogeneity in multifactorial inheritance of plasma lipids and lipoproteins in
      ethnically diverse families in Jerusalem.
AB  - Genetic and cultural determinants of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG),
      low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, HDL-C), and HDL-C/TC were
      estimated utilizing a path model in a random sample of nearly 4,000 families
      examined in the Jerusalem Lipid Research Clinic. The analyses were done
      separately in each of the ethnic groups categorized according to the parents'
      country of birth (Europe, Asia, North Africa, and Israel/mixed origin) in order
      to identify the nature and sources of any heterogeneity among the groups. Both
      genetic (h2) and cultural (c2) components of inheritance were significant for all
      lipid variables in each of the ethnic groups. Under the most parsimonious model,
      estimates of h2 in the ethnic groups were .40-.55, .40-.51, .45-.50, .41-.48, and
      .42-.78 for TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, HDL-C/TC, and TG, respectively. The c2 ranged from
      3% to 5% for TC and LDL-C and from 4% to 10% for HDL-C, HDL-C/TC, and TG. The
      major parameters of the path model were generally homogeneous across the origin
      groups. The h2 appeared to be higher in the Asian and c2 was slightly greater in
      the European group. The stronger sibling environmental effect in the Asia group,
      the somewhat lower transmission of environment in the North African group, and
      the lower correlation between spouse environments in the North African group were
      the major sources of the origin heterogeneity. Within this population, genetic
      factors appear to be the major determinants of lipid variations, suggesting
      relative homogeneity of the distribution of environmental determinants of plasma
      lipids.

PMID- 3710142
TI  - A numerical simulation of the one-locus, multiple-allele fertility model.
AB  - Numerical simulations were performed to determine the equilibrium behavior of the
      one-locus fertility model in which fitness is considered as a property of a pair
      of mating diploids. A series of patterns of "fertility matrices" were considered
      for a single locus with two to six alleles. From these simulations, 19 different
      statistics were collected that characterize, at equilibrium, the heterozygosity,
      the mean fitness and the fate of populations begun at the allele-frequency
      centroid. For more than one-half of the trajectories produced by random fertility
      matrices, there was a decrease in the mean fitness at some time on the way to
      equilibrium. The mean number of alleles maintained at equilibrium increased only
      slightly with matrix dimension. Despite the potential for fertility models to
      display multiple stable equilibria, random fertility models maintain fewer
      distinct stable points than do random one-locus viability models. Pleiotropic
      models were also considered with fertility and viability selection operating
      sequentially within each generation. Most of the equilibrium statistics (with the
      exception of mean fertility) for the pleiotropic model were intermediate between
      the corresponding random viability and fertility models.

PMID- 3710143
TI  - Limits to the relationship among recombination, disequilibrium and epistasis in
      two-locus models.
AB  - I determine limits to the equilibrium relationship among epistasis, recombination
      and disequilibrium in two-locus, two-allele models using linear programming
      techniques. I show that when allele frequencies are one-half at each locus, the
      symmetric model is the fitness pattern that generates the most disequilibrium for
      the smallest level of epistasis. When allele frequencies deviate from one-half
      much larger levels of epistasis are required to generate similar levels of
      disequilibrium. I determine the level of epistasis required to generate observed
      significant levels of disequilibrium in natural populations. The overall
      implication is that disequilibrium will be large at equilibrium only between
      strongly interacting, closely linked loci.

PMID- 3710144
TI  - A visible allele of the muscle gene sup-10X of C. elegans.
AB  - In this paper, we extend our previous analyses of a set of genes in
      Caenorhabditis elegans that are involved in muscle structure and function: unc-93
      III, sup-9 II, sup-10 X and sup-11 I. We describe an unusual, visible allele of
      sup-10, examine how this allele interacts genetically with mutations in other
      genes of this set and propose that the wild-type products of the unc-93 and sup
      10 loci may be components of a protein complex. We also describe a new gene of
      this set, sup-18 III, and the interaction of sup-18 alleles with mutations in the
      other genes.

PMID- 3710145
TI  - A glyoxalase-1 variant associated with the t-complex in house mice.
AB  - A quantitative variant of glyoxalase-1 associated with the t-complex in house
      mice is described. GLO-1C in red cell lysates from mice heterozygous for
      complementing t-haplotypes and from mice homozygous for the tw8-haplotype had
      less than one-third the GLO-1 activity of NZB/BlNJ, the inbred strain with the
      lowest activity previously reported. GLO-1C appeared to be determined by the
      structural locus Glo-1 and, together with two partial t6-haplotypes, was used to
      map Glo-1 to the telomeric portion of the t6-haplotype. Glo-1c was associated
      with all t-haplotypes tested and has not been found in mice that lack a t
      complex. Thus, this variant of Glo-1c provides both a further example of gametic
      disequilibrium between the t-complex and linked loci and a readily identifiable
      marker for the t-complex.

PMID- 3710146
TI  - Initial clinical judgments by internists, family physicians, and psychiatrists in
      response to patient vignettes: I. Assessment of problems and diagnostic
      possibilities.
AB  - A sample of 146 physicians from internal medicine, family medicine, and
      psychiatry responded to two written clinical vignettes describing patients with
      combinations of commonly seen somatic and psychologic complaints. The physicians
      included housestaff of all levels of training, full-time academic faculty, and
      community-based clinical faculty. Enormous variation was seen in all specialties
      in the numbers and types of problems and diagnoses suggested by the physicians.
      Aside from one or two areas, there were few differences among the specialties or
      by level of training with regard to the numbers or types of problems identified
      and tentative diagnoses recorded. The variability within specialty groups was
      greater than among the groups. Physician behavior in response to one vignette was
      highly correlated with responses to the second vignette.

PMID- 3710148
TI  - The timing of psychiatric consultation in the general hospital and length of
      hospital stay.
AB  - Four hundred nineteen consecutive consult cases were studied to determine the
      relationship of the timing of the consult to hospital length of stay. Results
      indicated that earlier consultations predicted shorter lengths of stay.
      Applications of the present methodology to more complex evaluations of
      psychiatric consultation are discussed.

PMID- 3710147
TI  - Initial clinical judgments by internists, family physicians, and psychiatrists in
      response to patient vignettes: II. Ordering of laboratory tests, consultations,
      and treatments.
AB  - In response to two written clinical vignettes describing patients with commonly
      seen somatic and psychologic complaints, 146 physicians from internal medicine,
      family medicine, and psychiatry recorded the tests and initial treatments they
      would order. As with the problems and diagnoses suggested by the physicians,
      enormous variation was seen in all specialties. The number and to some extent the
      nature of tests, procedures, and initial treatments ordered varied by specialty
      and within specialty subgroups (i.e., housestaff, full-time academic, and
      volunteer clinical faculty members). Physician test ordering responses to one
      vignette was highly correlated with responses to the second vignette, suggesting
      that test ordering among physicians is partly based on personal habits and
      characteristics and not alone on the patient's signs and symptoms.

PMID- 3710149
TI  - Alexithymia in chronic pain patients.
AB  - This article compares the prevalence of alexithymia among chronic pain patients,
      their spouses, and psychoneurotic outpatients using the Beth Israel Questionnaire
      (BIQ) and the MMPI subscale for alexithymia. Both instruments showed the pain
      patients to be significantly more alexithymic than the psychoneurotic controls,
      but not more alexithymic than their normal spouses. Comparison of the two
      instruments showed that the MMPI subscale did not correlate highly with the BIQ.
      When demographic variables were assessed, age was found to be correlated with
      alexithymia. Theoretical and treatment implications of these findings are
      discussed.

PMID- 3710150
TI  - Substance-induced organic mental disorders. A clinical and conceptual approach.
AB  - Drug abuse is a prevalent problem in society and often occurs as abuse of
      multiple substances. The authors present a model for understanding the clinical
      symptomatology and course of substance-induced organic mental disorders and
      present a hypothesis that explains how various factors might interact to produce
      the disorder. A clinical case is used to illustrate the use of this approach and
      suggestions are made for the diagnosis and treatment of these disorders.

PMID- 3710151
TI  - Psychiatric consultations in a military general hospital. A report on 1065 cases.
AB  - The authors describe the demographic and diagnostic characteristics of 1065
      medical and surgical inpatients referred for psychiatric consultation over a 1
      year period at a military medical center. The referral rate was 5.8% of all
      hospital admissions with the percentage of referrals from surgical and neurology
      services being higher than recent civilian studies. Although the variety and
      frequency of psychiatric and physical disorders are quite similar to civilian
      consultation-liaison (C/L) psychiatric services, the authors reported lower rates
      of personality disorder diagnoses and higher percentages of V code and no
      psychiatric-disorder diagnoses.

PMID- 3710152
TI  - Advantages and disadvantages of cross-hospital consultation-liaison services.
AB  - The advantages and disadvantages of a cross-hospital consultation-liaison service
      are discussed. Factors in support of such a service tend to be primarily
      administrative and economic. The disadvantages tend to be psychosocial and affect
      how clinicians perceive themselves and the quality of their work within the
      social system.

PMID- 3710153
TI  - The readmission of psychotic patients to a general hospital psychiatry unit.
AB  - This article describes a retrospective study of patient readmissions to a
      psychiatric unit in a large teaching hospital. A cohort of 150 patients was
      identified and their demographic and clinical characteristics, their reason for
      admission, and their rehospitalization patterns examined. Patterns of readmission
      for the cohort do not suggest a "revolving door" syndrome. The role of the
      psychiatric unit of a general hospital in the rehospitalization of psychotic
      patients is discussed.

PMID- 3710154
TI  - Determining resuscitation status: a survey of medical professionals.
AB  - Regarding the determination of resuscitation status (RS) and the writing of do
      not-resuscitate orders, we compared the recent Presidential Guidelines with the
      attitudes and perceptions of 143 medical professionals in a major medical center.
      Seventy-four percent of respondents believed that RS was primarily determined by
      the physician. Only 1% believed the patient decides and a minority (40%) believed
      the patient should decide; 61% would want to decide for themselves if they were
      ill. Most respondents agreed that neither patients nor staff were well-informed
      about the individual patient's RS. When presented case vignettes requiring a
      decision about RS, the respondents frequently chose a RS contrary to the wishes
      of a competent patient. The findings of this survey point to the significant
      differences between the Presidential Commission's guidelines and the actual
      attitudes and perceived practices of clinicians.

PMID- 3710155
TI  - Response to the article "Determining resuscitation status: a survey of medical
      professionals," by Perry et al.

PMID- 3710156
TI  - Analysis of the family structure in a case of psychogenic purpura.
AB  - The case deals with an 18-year-old female patient suffering from psychogenic
      purpura who was successfully treated with individual and family oriented dynamic
      psychotherapy. Emphasis is placed on family dynamics and their possible bearing
      on the origin of the illness.

PMID- 3710157
TI  - The role of recent life events and social support in the control of diabetes
      mellitus. A pilot study.
AB  - This study evaluated objectively the relationship between recent life events,
      social support systems, and blood glucose control in diabetic patients using both
      short-term [fasting blood sugar (FBS)] and long-term [glycosylated hemoglobin
      (Hgb A-1C)] measures of control. We found that a higher number of life events was
      associated with a higher percentage of abnormal FBS and Hgb A-1C results, and
      that improved social support was associated with a smaller percentage of abnormal
      Hgb A-1C scores. These pilot findings are discussed in connection with a
      biopsychosocial approach to the understanding and management of diabetes
      mellitus.

PMID- 3710158
TI  - The gene controlling the binding sites of Dolichos biflorus agglutinin, Dlb-1, is
      on chromosome 11 of the mouse.

PMID- 3710159
TI  - Genetic analysis of a new haplotype of the histidine decarboxylase gene complex
      in C57BL/6 mice.

PMID- 3710161
TI  - Preferential transmission in wild common shrews (Sorex araneus), heterozygous for
      Robertsonian rearrangements.

PMID- 3710160
TI  - Induction of recessive lethal mutations in the T/t-H-2 region of the mouse genome
      by a point mutagen.

PMID- 3710162
TI  - Minichromosomal variable surface glycoprotein genes and molecular karyotypes of
      Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense.
AB  - Employing orthogonal-field-alternation gel electrophoresis (OFAGE), we have
      separated chromosome-sized DNA molecules from Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense
      clones, the clones being derived from several distinct antigenic repertoires.
      Trypanosome clones that belong to a specific antigenic repertoire appear to have
      a chromosome pattern characteristic of that particular repertoire. Hybridization
      of the separated chromosomes with cloned DNA fragments encoding variable surface
      glycoproteins revealed the presence of two different T.(N.) congolense variable
      surface glycoprotein genes on mini-chromosomes (mc) and the modes by which these
      genes may be activated: one by duplicative and the other by non-duplicative
      activation.

PMID- 3710164
TI  - Polymyalgia rheumatica: a rewarding diagnosis.

PMID- 3710163
TI  - Denaturation maps of Bacillus licheniformis phages LP52 and theta DNAs.
AB  - Employing electron microscopy (EM) of partially denatured DNAs of phages LP52 and
      theta, distinct denaturation maps were determined and correlated with published
      restriction and heteroduplex maps. The pattern of early melting regions is
      similar although the two phages share only 50% nucleotide sequence homology.

PMID- 3710165
TI  - Dizziness, falling, and fainting: differential diagnosis in the aged (Part I).
AB  - Lack of awareness of benign positional vertigo is a common cause of misdiagnosis
      of dizziness. Patients complain of brief bouts of vertigo, specifically provoked
      by turning the head or by arising in the morning. The Barany's test reproduces
      characteristic vertigo and nystagmus. Postural hypotension, by far the most
      common cause of recurrent dizziness and falls in the elderly, is especially
      notable on arising after prolonged bedrest. Vasoactive drugs are the most common
      culprits, typically antihypertensive agents, vasodilators used for angina, and
      tricyclic antidepressants.

PMID- 3710166
TI  - Geriatric cardiology: managing the most common nonischemic disorders.
AB  - Two-dimensional echocardiography is the method of choice for calculation of left
      ventricular mass, especially in patients with abnormal left ventricular geometry
      and segmental disease. Predominating diastolic abnormalities may be responsible
      for signs and symptoms of heart failure in some patients. These patients should
      not be treated in the conventional manner, but require special treatment with
      beta blockers or calcium-channel blocking agents.

PMID- 3710167
TI  - Polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis: managing older patients.
AB  - PMR and GCA are diagnosed relatively frequently in the white geriatric
      population. Patients may suffer from both conditions or from either alone. PMR is
      considered a diagnosis of exclusion, with the most characteristic symptoms being
      profound morning stiffness affecting the hip and shoulder girdles. The diagnosis
      of PMR can be buttressed by the findings of an elevated ESR, anemia, and mildly
      elevated liver enzymes. PMR can be controlled with less than or equal to 20 mg/d
      of prednisone, whereas higher doses of glucocorticoids are required for GCA.
      Classic GCA is characterized by headache, visual changes, and constitutional
      symptoms. GCA can be confirmed by a biopsy revealing a histologic picture of
      granulomatous inflammation centered around the elastin of the involved vessel.
      Judicious efforts to taper steroids are indicated in both syndromes, but many
      patients require therapy for at least 2 years.

PMID- 3710168
TI  - Avoiding common pitfalls of geriatric prescribing.
AB  - Ultimate drug levels and, therefore, maximum drug effect in general are inversely
      related to the function of the organ of excretion. If organ deficit is known,
      dose reduction should be automatic; if a drug level is very high at an ordinary
      dose, the organ of excretion should be investigated. The physician must not
      assume that a patient is not taking drugs just because the physician himself has
      not prescribed them. The elderly take more over-the-counter drugs than other
      segments of the population and frequently go to many health care providers.

PMID- 3710169
TI  - Hypomagnesium in the elderly.
AB  - The range of plasma concentrations in 177 and erythrocyte magnesium
      concentrations in 104 elderly patients was found to be similar to that for
      healthy adults. No significant difference was observed between the sexes or
      between patients taking diuretics and those not receiving diuretic therapy. The
      latter finding is contrary to some previously reported studies.

PMID- 3710170
TI  - Age-related changes in both circadian and seasonal rhythms of rectal temperature
      with special reference to senile dementia of Alzheimer type.
AB  - The biological rhythms of rectal temperature were documented in young (circadian
      variations) and elderly (circadian and seasonal variations) human subjects either
      in apparent good health or suffering from senile dementia of Alzheimer type
      (SDAT). All the subjects were synchronized. Data obtained showed a decrease of
      the body core temperature rhythm amplitude in the healthy elderly for each
      documented season but not in patients with SDAT. Seasonal variations in these
      rhythms were observed in these elderly groups of persons.

PMID- 3710171
TI  - Urinary incontinence and the psychopathology of the elderly with cognitive
      failure.
AB  - Thirty-five percent of a sample of 100 elderly patients suffering from a degree
      of cognitive impairment were found to have urinary incontinence. They were
      significantly older, had lower memory and information scores and were more
      disorientated, hyperactive, aphasic, apraxic and socially incompetent than their
      continent counterparts. Their diagnosis was more likely to be a combination of
      senile and arteriosclerotic dementia (ICD-9); they suffered less often from
      concomitant functional psychiatric disease and showed a higher mortality rate (at
      18 months' follow-up) than the patients without incontinence.

PMID- 3710172
TI  - Effects of aging on circadian and ultradian respiratory rhythms of rats
      synchronized by an LD12:12 lighting (L = 100 lx).
AB  - Continuous monitoring of emitted carbon dioxide (VCO2) was taken as an index of
      respiratory exchanges in male Sprague-Dawley rats of different ages (31-814 days)
      submitted to a light (100 lx)-dark (LD) 06.00-18.00 h alternation at a
      temperature of 20 degrees C and with food and water ad libitum. In grouped 82-
      and 426-day-old rats harmonic and spectral analyses show that aging decreases the
      amplitudes of the circadian (tau = 24 h) respiratory rhythms, decreases the
      amplitudes and modifies the phases of the ultradian respiratory rhythms of mean
      and great (10 min less than tau less than 24 h) periods. Under the environmental
      conditions of the experiments, the techniques utilized show no statistically
      significant changes with aging for the circadian rhythms and only small changes
      in the ultradian respiratory frequencies.

PMID- 3710173
TI  - Avoidance acquisition in adult and senescent rats.
AB  - Male rats aged 6, 19, or 33 months were trained successively in one- and two-way
      avoidance tasks. The one-way avoidance test consisted of up to 30 trials given in
      a single session with the conditional stimulus (CS; 14-kHz tone) presented for
      either 3 s or for 10 s in separate groups. Senescent rats performed poorest,
      middle-aged rats intermediately, and young adult rats best. Failure of the longer
      CS to yield better acquisition than the short CS in the senescent group suggested
      that the age-related deficit probably did not result from slower responding. In
      subsequent shuttle box training there was no appreciable age difference in
      achieving the learning criterion. A compound visual-auditory CS was used, and in
      further evaluation of well-trained rats it was found that the auditory component
      was much more effective than the visual component in eliciting avoidance.
      However, this differential effect of the two stimuli was much weaker in the
      senescent group than in the young adult group. Nonetheless, these same senescent
      and adult rats readily learned to make avoidance responses using only the
      auditory CS, demonstrating that this was an effective stimulus for all age
      groups.

PMID- 3710174
TI  - Changes in the contractile properties of the human first dorsal interosseous
      muscle with age.
AB  - The effect of ageing on the contractile properties of the first dorsal
      interosseous muscle was investigated. A group of 42 healthy male subjects between
      the ages of 10 and 80 years took part in the study. The time to peak tension was
      significantly prolonged with increasing age but no evidence was found of an
      extension of the half relaxation time. When left and right hands were compared no
      significant differences were found. The results are discussed in relation to the
      changes previously observed in ageing muscle and may indicate a general age
      change of the muscle or the loss of faster twitch fibres.

PMID- 3710175
TI  - Pars plana vitrectomy in aphakic and pseudophakic retinal detachment.
AB  - Eighty-two consecutive aphakic or pseudophakic retinal detachments were treated
      by buckling and vitrectomy procedures. Functional results (86.6%) and the
      incidence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (11%) were comparable with reports
      of cases treated by the classic method.

PMID- 3710176
TI  - Gas vitrectomy in a primate model.
AB  - Total displacement of vitreous by an expanding bubble of a perfluorocarbon gas
      was studied in cynomolgus monkeys. The clinical observations and the gross
      dissection suggested that cortical vitreous might have been stripped from the
      retina; however, electron microscopy of frozen sections demonstrated that the
      collagen structure of the vitreous was compressed against the retina.

PMID- 3710178
TI  - Surgical treatment of retinal detachment from macular hole.
AB  - Six cases of retinal detachment from the macular hole were treated by a procedure
      including closed vitrectomy, air-fluid exchange, and prone positioning of the
      patient. All of these detachments were of the idiopathic type. Five patients had
      myopia ranging from -13 to -20 diopters; one was emmetropic. The initial success
      rate can be considered 100%: in all six cases the retina remained attached during
      follow-up periods ranging from 4-10 months at least. One later recurrence was not
      caused by the macular hole. This new technique, which allows permanent releasing
      of vitreous traction and temporary closure of the hole, shows that idiopathic
      retinal detachment is caused by vitreous traction.

PMID- 3710177
TI  - Pharmacological therapy for proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
AB  - We developed an animal model in the rabbit eye with intravitreally injected
      heterotransplanted bovine retinal pigment epithelial cells to test a
      pharmacological agent which would reduce extracellular matrix formation. Results
      with 20 and 60 micrograms of cis-hydroxyproline showed a 48% decrease in the rate
      of traction retinal detachments.

PMID- 3710179
TI  - Homograft of preserved sclera for post-traumatic scleral staphyloma in Ehlers
      Danlos syndrome.
AB  - Homotransplantation of preserved sclera was successfully performed for post
      traumatic scleral staphyloma in a 38-year-old woman with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
      type VI. The transplanted tissue was preserved by glycerol dehydration. For 1
      year postoperatively, no sign of graft failure or recurrence of scleral
      staphyloma has been found. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the use
      of a preserved scleral homograft to treat this ocular complication in a patient
      with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.

PMID- 3710181
TI  - Experimental errors in digital image processing for the determination of
      geometrical parameters of the human eye.
AB  - A new method is presented for measuring geometrical parameters of the anterior
      segment of human eye. A digital imaging technique is employed in conjunction with
      a slit lamp and TV camera. A method was developed to analyze images and the
      problem of minimizing measuring errors was studied. The method was tested using a
      contact lens to simulate the anterior corneal surface.

PMID- 3710180
TI  - Regional differences in phagocytosis by the corneal endothelium in the domestic
      cat.
AB  - The phagocytosis of IgG-coated latex microspheres by the central and peripheral
      regions of the corneal endothelium in the domestic cat was investigated by organ
      culture. The endothelium was exposed to 1.357 X 10(7) microspheres/mm2, and
      counts of ingested microspheres were made by scanning electron microscopy.
      Initial assessments of phagocytosis over 8-h and 24-h periods of culture gave
      extremely low levels of incorporation. Therefore, subsequently, a 48-h period of
      culture was adopted. Microsphere uptake levels per square millimeter over 48 h
      were as follows: peripheral endothelium 6,021 +/- 3,162; central endothelium
      2,000 +/- 1,529; overall 4,011 +/- 3,294. The greater uptake of microspheres in
      the peripheral cornea was statistically significant (P less than 0.002, paired t
      test). The involvement of microvilli in phagocytosis by corneal endothelial cells
      was proposed.

PMID- 3710182
TI  - Device for eliminating corneal light reflections during recording of lateral
      images with a slit lamp.
AB  - Corneal reflections produce defects in photographic sections of the lens taken
      with a slit-lamp biomicroscope for computerized densitometric analysis of
      cataract opacity. A simple and workable, adjustable antireflection device was
      built that can be easily adapted to photographic slit lamps, a common instrument
      in ophthalmology equipment. The slit lamp is a versatile tool for photographing
      structures in the anterior segment of the eye, particularly the lens. Corneal
      reflections are eliminated for angles between the light band and a photograph
      plane ranging from 20 degrees to 90 degrees, with the light band no greater than
      0.5 mm and the corneal curvature about 7.6 to 7.9 mm. The device acts by blocking
      aberrant light rays from the light source that would otherwise be reflected by
      the mirrorlike surface of the cornea and enter the objective lens. Here we
      present a prototype designed for the Zeiss slit lamp.

PMID- 3710183
TI  - Enzyme activities in the rabbit cornea during immunogenic keratitis.
AB  - In rabbits inflammation of the cornea was induced by intrastromal injection of
      horse serum. Between 2 and 4 weeks after injection, infiltration of the cornea
      with leukocytes and neovascularization could be observed. During this period, the
      rabbits were killed and their corneas analyzed for protein, alkaline phosphatase,
      acid phosphatase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, and lactate dehydrogenase. The
      enzyme activities in the inflamed corneal stroma reflect the high lysosomal
      activity, which probably originates from the leukocytes. The enzyme activities in
      the epithelium indicate that the tissue is abnormal and undergoing repair
      processes.

PMID- 3710184
TI  - Human corneal oxygen demand: the closed-eye interval.
AB  - A micropolarographic system was used to measure the flux of oxygen crossing the
      tear epithelial interface of the human cornea just following lid-closure periods
      of 0-15 min, and just following a series of brief lid openings (0.2-0.3 s) of
      frequencies from 0 to 30 times/min. In all, 462 measurements spanning those two
      formats were made on the corneas of seven young healthy subjects. In the extended
      closure format the average rate increased over the first 5 min, then stabilized
      at 2.51 times the oxygen-uptake rate under normal open-eye conditions. In the
      brief lid-opening format, frequencies of 30 openings/min reduced the oxygen
      uptake rate to 70% of that of the stabilized closed eye. Individual differences
      noted among subjects may influence their relative success in extended contact
      lens wear, and natural lid and eye movements during sleep may have at least
      transient effects on corneal oxygen supply and demand during those periods.

PMID- 3710185
TI  - Congenital nystagmus: control of slow tracking movements by target offset from
      the fovea.
AB  - Patients with congenital nystagmus (CN) are unable to respond adequately to
      optokinetic stimuli. This suggests that patients with CN do not use the movement
      of images (slip) across the retina as a control variable for their eye movements.
      Nevertheless, they are capable of tracking moving targets with slow eye
      movements. Experiments using paracentral afterimages as targets for fixation
      suggest that these slow tracking movements may be executed by the control of
      target position on the retina rather than slip across the retina: all seven
      patients with CN produced slow tracking movements, superimposed on nystagmic
      cycles. The fact that the basic parameters of the CN waveform remained unchanged
      under the open-loop condition constituted by afterimage tracking (only the
      amplitude was reduced in four out of seven patients) indicates that the timing
      and direction of slow and rapid components of CN do not depend on retinal
      feedback. During refixations between stationary targets, some patients with CN
      occasionally acquired the target with a slow, rather than a saccadic movement.
      This finding further supports the notion that patients with CN use target offset
      from the fovea as a very effective control variable not only for rapid, but also
      for slow eye movements.

PMID- 3710186
TI  - Extensive subretinal pigment epithelial deposit in two brothers suffering from
      dominant retinitis pigmentosa. A histopathological study.
AB  - The eyes of two brothers with retinitis pigmentosa were removed after death and
      examined by a variety of techniques, including conventional histology,
      fluorescence microscopy and both scanning and transmission electron microscopy.
      Their condition was considered to be of an autosomal dominant type but with some
      atypical clinical features. The outstanding histological feature in both pairs of
      eyes was a predominantly acellular deposit of amorphous material situated between
      the retinal pigment epithelium and Bruch's membrane. This material extended from
      the disc to beyond the ora serrata. In some regions of the retinae of both
      brothers, there was a cellular infiltrate into the deposit and this included
      multinucleate cells. In one brother the deposit was lined externally by a
      fibrovascular membrane in some few locations. All retinae were degenerate, but
      all showed preservation of abnormally short and sparse photoreceptor cells in
      both the peripheral and macular areas. There was only patchy loss of the
      choriocapillaris, which could have been age-dependent rather than disease
      dependent, and the remaining choroidal vessels were patent in all cases. The
      widespread distribution of the deposit is unusual and suggests that it arises
      from disordered metabolism of the retinal pigment epithelium. We could not
      determine whether it was a primary disease process or if it arose as a secondary
      phenomenon.

PMID- 3710187
TI  - Pathogenesis of central serous retinopathy: a new working hypothesis.

PMID- 3710188
TI  - Motor endplate involvement in the extraocular muscles of the myotonic rat.
AB  - The motor endplates from the extraocular muscles of rats administered 20,25
      diazacholesterol were examined by electron microscopy. Many anomalies were found
      at various levels of the junctional complex. Electron microscopy showed disrupted
      sole-plate nuclei, disruptions of the junctional sarcoplasm, atypical
      sarcoplasmic extensions, simplified postsynaptic areas, and interposition of
      Schwann cell cytoplasm between axonal terminal and muscle fiber with a
      reduplication of basement membrane, as well as atrophic and disrupted axonal
      terminals. These data indicate that the motor endplate is affected as well as the
      muscle fiber in myotonic dystrophy.

PMID- 3710189
TI  - Complications of local beta radiation of uveal melanomas.
AB  - The results of local beta ray radiation of 295 eyes containing a uveal melanoma
      (including 74 melanomas of the anterior choroid and ciliary body) are presented
      with special respect to the complications of treatment. The most frequent
      complications were radiation retinopathy and optic neuropathy. Complications
      known to occur from other radiation methods, such as dry eye syndrome, loss of
      cilia, and scleral necrosis, did not occur in our series. The incidence of
      radiation cataract, as compared to the treatment with 60Co plaques, was lower in
      our series. An average of 700 Gy delivered to the scleral base of the tumor was
      needed for uveal melanomas which could be destroyed. This radiation dose resulted
      in a 10% incidence of radiation retinopathy.

PMID- 3710190
TI  - Structure and composition of the inner limiting membrane of the retina. SEM on
      frozen resin-cracked and enzyme-digested retinas of Macaca mulatta.
AB  - After a historical introduction describing previous observations and views on the
      structure and composition of the internal limiting membrane of the retina (MLI),
      it is concluded that no definite unifying concept exists concerning the MLI
      structure. The authors applied frozen resin cracking with hexamethyldisilazane
      (HMDS) desiccation on normal and enzyme-digested specimens of monkey retinas.
      Distinct differences were observed between equatorial, macular, and optic disc
      regions. The MLI in the equatorial and disc regions was about 70 nm thick with an
      outer dense, basement membranelike part and an inner, loose fibrillar meshwork
      fusing with the vitreous fibers. The foveal region was 400 nm thick; the dense
      outer layer was thicker than normal basement membrane, whereas the inner loose
      meshwork had only a few fibrils. The enzyme-digestion experiments showed that the
      fibrillar meshwork consisted mainly of collagen fibers surrounded by
      predominantly hyaluronic acid.

PMID- 3710191
TI  - Ciclosporin concentration in the rabbit aqueous humor and cornea following
      subconjunctival administration. Importance of anatomical site of injection.
AB  - The model compound lidocaine was used in the rabbit to investigate different
      sites of subconjunctival injection for the achievement of reproducible drug
      concentrations in the aqueous humor. Only epibulbar injections were satisfactory,
      but not parabulbar or injections under the lower fornix. After epibulbar
      administration of 0.8 ml 5% ciclosporin, median concentrations in the aqueous
      humor were 360, 700 and 200 ng/ml after 2, 8, and 24 h, respectively.
      Corresponding levels in the cornea were 32, 27, and 12 ng/ml. It appears that
      drug concentrations resulting from epibulbar injections may be therapeutically
      useful.

PMID- 3710192
TI  - Divergence pseudoparalysis: a case report.
AB  - Divergence paralysis is a clinical syndrome that is characterized by esotropia
      and diplopia at distance fixation and fusion at near fixation. This syndrome is
      thought to result from a lesion in the brain stem, probably in the midbrain or in
      the pontine region. This paper reports a case in which ocular motility
      disturbances, simulating divergence paralysis, were caused by a bilateral and
      symmetrical restrictive syndrome involving the medial rectus muscles.

PMID- 3710193
TI  - Gamma-enolase activity in choroidal melanoma.
AB  - Gamma-enolase is a glycolytic enzyme that is found in high concentration in
      neural and neuroendocrine tissues. The enzyme has been considered clinically
      useful as a tumor marker in the evaluation of small-cell undifferentiated
      malignancies. A preliminary report suggested that gamma-enolase activity may be
      used in the assessment of the malignant potential of choroidal melanoma. To test
      this hypothesis and document the distribution of gamma-enolase in the eye, we
      studied the immunohistochemical activity of gamma-enolase in six eyes from
      persons with choroidal melanoma. Although no correlation could be found with
      gamma-enolase activity and tumor size or tumor cell type, the distribution of
      gamma-enolase in normal retina and optic nerve was described. The areas of
      greatest immunohistochemical reactivity were the perikaryon of ganglion cells,
      inner and outer plexiform layers, and the nerve axons of the nerve fiber layer
      and optic nerve. Gamma-enolase may be a potentially useful marker of retinal and
      optic nerve glycolysis, and of neuronal function.

PMID- 3710194
TI  - Keratopathy in rats after treatment with tilorone.
AB  - According to clinical reports, the antitumor drug tilorone induces corneal
      opacities in patients. The present communication shows that keratopathy can be
      experimentally reproduced in rats and describes the cellular alterations
      underlying the corneal opacities. Tilorone was applied either orally (60-90
      mg/kg) for several weeks or topically (2%) for a few days. Biomicroscopic
      examination performed after treatment for 6 weeks or longer revealed fine
      punctate opacities throughout the corneal stroma. Ultrastructurally, the
      keratocytes were swollen due to large, optically empty vacuoles in the cytoplasm.
      Similar, albeit smaller, vacuoles were also numerous in the endothelium and less
      frequent in the epithelium. Histochemical experiments showed that the cellular
      alterations represented lysosomal storage of polyanionic substances, most
      probably sulfated glycosaminoglycans, thus mimicking the cytological picture of
      mucopolysaccharidosis. Upon discontinuation of drug treatment, the alterations
      tended not to recede. This keratopathy in rats is part of a generalized
      mucopolysaccharidosis-like disorder induced by tilorone.

PMID- 3710195
TI  - Lysosomal enzyme activities of the bovine corneal endothelium.
AB  - A quantitative study was carried out on the lysosomal enzyme activities of the
      bovine corneal endothelium-Descemet's membrane preparation. The corneal
      endothelium and Descemet's membrane were peeled off together. Cathepsin D was
      assayed using hemoglobin as substrate; N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, beta
      glucuronidase, acid phosphatase, and alpha-mannosidase were also examined using p
      nitrophenyl derivatives as substrate. The proportions of N-acetyl-beta-D
      glucosaminidase, cathepsin D, and beta-glucuronidase of the Descemet's membrane
      endothelium complex were particularly high: 11.5%, 12.6%, and 12.5% of the whole
      cornea, respectively. Corneal endothelial cells also showed high activities of
      acid phosphatase and alpha-mannosidase (3.8%, and 5.0% of the whole cornea,
      respectively), while the protein and DNA contents were 0.5% and 0.5% in the
      complex. Lysosomal enzyme activities in the complex were also compared with those
      in other ocular tissues and were determined by the same methods at the same time.

PMID- 3710196
TI  - [Action of ozone in water decontamination].

PMID- 3710197
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of potassium ferri- and ferrocyanides as atmospheric
      pollutants].

PMID- 3710198
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of polyvinyl chloride destruction during extrusion].

PMID- 3710199
TI  - [Experimental establishment of the maximum permissible concentrations of weakly
      soluble mercury compounds in atmospheric air].

PMID- 3710200
TI  - [Hygienic establishment of the maximum permissible concentrations of the
      insecticide vinyl phosphate in reservoir water].

PMID- 3710202
TI  - [Control over the accounting for the hygienic requirements in the technical
      documentation for industrial equipment].

PMID- 3710201
TI  - [Hygienic characteristics of the working conditions in the manufacture of mineral
      feed premixes].

PMID- 3710203
TI  - [Characteristics of epidemiological research in the hygienic regulation of
      chemical carcinogens].

PMID- 3710204
TI  - [1-year apprenticeship for the graduates of a health and hygiene department].

PMID- 3710205
TI  - [Work experience of a district epidemiological health station with public health
      inspectors].

PMID- 3710206
TI  - [Cytological criteria for spermatogenic function in toxicological hygiene
      research].

PMID- 3710207
TI  - [Simulation of the conditions for the occurrence of pneumoconiosis in an
      experiment].

PMID- 3710208
TI  - [Method of assessing the joint effect of the factors in multiple body exposures].

PMID- 3710209
TI  - [Determination of mercury in natural waters and sewage].

PMID- 3710210
TI  - [Gas chromatographic determination of methylbromide in the air and in biological
      media].

PMID- 3710211
TI  - [Determination of tin compounds in the atmosphere by inversion volt-amperometry].

PMID- 3710212
TI  - [Chromatographic determination of nabu in the air].

PMID- 3710213
TI  - [Determination of thionyl chloride in the air of manufacturing premises].

PMID- 3710214
TI  - [Determination of the vulcanization accelerator thiuram D and its conversion
      products in sanitary chemical research on rubbers].

PMID- 3710215
TI  - [Potential use of vapor-phase analysis for controlling aphos residues in the
      water and soil].

PMID- 3710216
TI  - [Extraction photometric method of determining 1,1-dimethyl piperidine chloride].

PMID- 3710217
TI  - [Morphometry of the thyroid in the experimental assessment of exposure to the
      chemical substances in drinking water].

PMID- 3710218
TI  - [Use of a coolant mixture in sampling the atmosphere for aromatic hydrocarbons].

PMID- 3710219
TI  - [Chromatographic determination of dyes in the air of the finishing shops of
      textile enterprises and in washings from the skin of workers].

PMID- 3710220
TI  - [Experience with using a cell culture method for assessing the toxicity of
      anticorrosive materials intended for shipbuilding].

PMID- 3710221
TI  - [Work experience of the polarography center of a district epidemiological health
      station].

PMID- 3710222
TI  - [Characteristics of the microbial contamination of the wastes from waste-paper
      processing enterprises].

PMID- 3710223
TI  - [Effectiveness of nutritional correction in the prevention of ischemic heart
      disease].

PMID- 3710224
TI  - [New data from a study of the gonadotoxic action of mercury and barium].

PMID- 3710225
TI  - [Blood serum chemiluminescence in a chronic toxicological experiment].

PMID- 3710226
TI  - [Effect of methyl chloride on the enzyme status of leukopoietic cells in white
      rats].

PMID- 3710227
TI  - [Color vision of persons working under nonactinic illumination].

PMID- 3710228
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of the zinc ion content in extracts from rubbers in contact
      with food products].

PMID- 3710229
TI  - An elder abuse assessment team in an acute hospital setting. The Beth Israel
      Hospital Elder Assessment Team.

PMID- 3710230
TI  - Health promotion to reduce blood pressure level among older blacks.

PMID- 3710231
TI  - Subjective housing assessments by the elderly: a critical information source for
      planning and program evaluation.

PMID- 3710232
TI  - Symposium. Civil rights, affirmative action, and the aged of the future: will
      life chances be different for blacks, Hispanics, and women? An overview of the
      issues.

PMID- 3710233
TI  - Antidiscrimination policies today and the life chances of older women tomorrow.

PMID- 3710234
TI  - Crystal ball gazing: notes on today's middle aged blacks with implications for
      their aging in the 21st century.

PMID- 3710235
TI  - An examination of factors affecting future cohorts of elderly Hispanics.

PMID- 3710236
TI  - A policy analyst's response.

PMID- 3710237
TI  - Evaluation of the costs of caring for the senile demented elderly: a pilot study.

PMID- 3710238
TI  - Change in relative income of older women, 1960-1980.

PMID- 3710240
TI  - Sharing and subdividing private market housing.

PMID- 3710239
TI  - Informal support among the elderly in public senior housing.

PMID- 3710241
TI  - Use of nutritional supplements in a retirement community.

PMID- 3710242
TI  - A nutritional questionnaire for older adults.

PMID- 3710243
TI  - Frail elderly: assessment of nutrition needs.

PMID- 3710244
TI  - Pets or people: another research note.

PMID- 3710245
TI  - The Loathly Lady and the Edwardian statue: life in Pensioner hotels.

PMID- 3710246
TI  - [Current status of the problem of the potential health hazard of artificial
      mineral fiber dust].

PMID- 3710247
TI  - [Effect of exposure to dust on the development of pneumoconiosis in shaft-sinking
      operators in coal mines of the Donetsk mining region].

PMID- 3710248
TI  - [Evaluation of physical work capacity of coal miners with a history of acute
      respiratory disease].

PMID- 3710249
TI  - [Examination methods and status of external respiration in coal miners in the pre
      nosological period of development of dust-induced pathology of the lungs].

PMID- 3710251
TI  - [Use of analysis of variance in hygiene studies].

PMID- 3710250
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of working conditions and health status of workers in the
      production of non-flammable film].

PMID- 3710252
TI  - [Effect of the combined administration of silver and cadmium on their
      toxicokinetics].

PMID- 3710253
TI  - [Various problems in the hygienic standardization of new chemical substances].

PMID- 3710254
TI  - [Outpatient care for workers at the Donbassenergo industrial and energy combine].

PMID- 3710255
TI  - [Air dust level in the cabins of excavators at the Borodinskii coal-stripping
      section of the Kansk-Achinsk Fuel and Energy complex].

PMID- 3710256
TI  - [Immunologic reactivity of patients with platinum poisoning].

PMID- 3710257
TI  - [Roentgenological examination of the bones and joints of workers exposed to
      intermittent vibrations transmitted through the hands].

PMID- 3710258
TI  - [Biochemical changes in the body of workers in animal husbandry].

PMID- 3710259
TI  - [Indicators of catecholamine excretion in air traffic controllers].

PMID- 3710260
TI  - [Secretory function of the stomach in lead poisoning].

PMID- 3710261
TI  - Small bowel complications after supravesical urinary diversion in pelvic
      exenteration.
AB  - Between June, 1966, and June, 1984, 102 pelvic exenterations were performed at
      Jackson Memorial Hospital/University of Miami Medical Center and all patients had
      some type of supravesical urinary diversion. Of these patients, 23 were
      reexplored for a gastrointestinal complication and 15 of those had a small bowel
      complication. Small bowel fistula occurred in 15 instances and 9 patients were
      reexplored. The fistula associated mortality was 53.3%. All the fistulas occurred
      in previously radiated patients who had undergone an enteroenteroanastomosis. The
      recent use of enterocolostomies after the construction of an ileal conduit in 21
      patients has not produced any postoperative small bowel fistula, while in 43
      patients who underwent enteroenterostomies, 13 fistulas occurred (P less than
      0.01). Patients who did not undergo pelvic floor closure had a higher incidence
      of fistula and small bowel obstruction, while there were no fistulas in patients
      with previous enterocolostomies, regardless of the pelvic closure.

PMID- 3710263
TI  - Predictive value of a positive endocervical curettage in diagnosis and treatment
      of CIN.
AB  - Predictive values of endocervical curettage (ECC) in the investigation of
      patients with abnormal Pap-smears were calculated with regard to a second
      histological diagnosis and with regard to results of conservative treatment of
      CIN. By using the combined follow up data of all 290 patients with
      colposcopically directed biopsies and ECC, the predictive value of a positive ECC
      for invasive cancer in patients with satisfactory colposcopy was 2%, and for
      unsatisfactory colposcopy 15%. Predictive value of a negative ECC was 100% in
      patients with satisfactory colposcopy, and 98% for unsatisfactory colposcopy. It
      is concluded that ECC should be used routinely in the investigation of patients
      with abnormal Pap smears. However, a positive ECC is not considered an absolute
      contraindication to conservative treatment, provided that colposcopy is
      satisfactory, that there is no suspicion of invasive cancer, and that a strict
      follow-up scheme can be maintained during the first year.

PMID- 3710264
TI  - Ovarian adenocarcinoma complicated by malignant pericarditis.
AB  - Neoplastic pericarditis is a rare complication of gynecologic malignancies.
      However, as illustrated in the case presented, the physician involved in the care
      of patients with cancer should be aware of this possible life-threatening
      complication. The case report is followed by a brief review of the pertinent
      clinical, pathophysiologic, and therapeutic aspects of this condition.

PMID- 3710265
TI  - The inhibitory effect of tranexamic acid on human ovarian carcinoma cell grown in
      vitro and in vivo.
AB  - Effects of tranexamic acid on tumor growth were examined by using five kinds of
      human cultured cell lines derived from ovarian malignant tissues. An optimum
      inhibitory effect on cell proliferation was observed at a concentration of 10
      mg/ml tranexamic acid, while replication of a clear cell carcinoma cell line (OK)
      was not inhibited by any concentration of tranexamic acid used in the present
      study. Exposure of a cystadenocarcinoma cell line (HR) to 10 mg/ml tranexamic
      acid for 2 hr resulted in significant growth retardation of tumors formed in nude
      mice. Further, tranexamic acid seemed to change the morphology of the ovarian
      carcinoma cells to enlarged cells with abundant cytoplasm. These results suggest
      that fibrinolytic factors are associated with growth of the tumor and tranexamic
      acid is useful as an adjuvant therapy for ovarian carcinoma.

PMID- 3710262
TI  - Abdominopelvic irradiation for stage II-IV ovarian carcinoma patients with
      limited or no residual disease at second-look laparotomy after completion of
      cisplatinum-based combination chemotherapy.
AB  - Abdominopelvic irradiation was given to 18 stage II-IV ovarian carcinoma patients
      who completed cisplatinum-based combination chemotherapy, were in complete
      clinical remission, and who underwent second-look laparotomy. The survival as
      well as the progression-free interval (PFI) was significantly longer in patients
      with a negative second-look laparotomy than in those with limited residual
      disease at this operation. Abdominopelvic irradiation was not effective in
      patients with limited residual disease at second-look laparotomy (3 year survival
      -34.3% and median PFI from second-look laparotomy--4.8 months). Even in patients
      with a negative second-look laparotomy the median PFI was only 13 months from
      this operation and the 3-year survival was 87.5%. The results were similar to
      other comparable series in which no treatment was administered to patients with a
      negative second-look laparotomy.

PMID- 3710266
TI  - Microhysteroscopy in evaluation of the endocervix in endometrial carcinoma.
AB  - Microhysteroscopy (MH) was used for the assessment of endocervical involvement in
      patients with endometrial carcinoma. Between 1 July 1984 and 28 February 1985,
      fifteen cases were seen. Of these, nine patients had had fractional curettage and
      all were deemed to have endocervical involvement. As a result of the use of MH,
      five of these stage II cases were down-staged. The remaining four cases had their
      staging confirmed by MH and directed endocervical curettage. The six patients who
      had no initial endocervical assessment were found to have Stage I disease, using
      the MH alone. The MH findings were corroborated and confirmed on histological
      examination of the surgical specimens. MH should be the initial investigation in
      patients with suspected endometrial carcinoma and all patients with
      postmenopausal bleeding.

PMID- 3710267
TI  - Fallopian tube adenocarcinoma: common extraperitoneal recurrence.
AB  - Fallopian tube adenocarcinoma is a rare gynecologic tumor that spreads like
      epithelial ovarian carcinoma. From 1954 to 1982, thirty patients with tubal
      adenocarcinomas were treated at UCLA and by the Southern California Permanente
      Medical Group. The mean age was 52 years. Pain, irregular or postmenopausal
      bleeding, and vaginal discharge were the most common presenting symptoms. Twenty
      two had undergone previous pelvic or abdominal surgery. A pelvic mass was the
      most common physical finding, while Pap smears, IVP, and BE were rarely helpful
      in making the diagnosis or planning treatment. All of the patients in this report
      underwent primary therapeutic surgery. Nineteen patients received radiation and
      fourteen, systemic chemotherapy. Surgical stage was prognostic for survival.
      Fourteen patients with Stage I and II disease are NED (4 at 2 years; 10 at 5
      years). No patients with Stage III or IV disease survived 5 years. Recurrences
      were noted as late as 6 years after primary therapy and 10 of 14 recurrent sites
      were extraperitoneal.

PMID- 3710268
TI  - Condylomas of the uterine cervix initially interpreted as squamous carcinoma: a
      report of four cases including a lesion resembling the Buschke-Loewenstein giant
      condyloma.
AB  - The recognition of human papilloma virus (HPV)-induced cervicovaginal
      condylomatous lesions is in a period of dynamic development. It is estimated that
      condylomatous involvement of the uterine cervix is epidemic and that is
      particularly true in the younger, more sexually active woman. While cervical
      condylomas are often associated with cervical dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, or
      even invasive carcinoma, they are sometimes misdiagnosed as these entities. Four
      cases of cervical condylomas are presented that were clinically suspicious for
      malignancy and initially interpreted as squamous carcinomas on the basis of the
      histopathological findings.

PMID- 3710269
TI  - Endometrial stromal cells in culture: an attempt to understand the genesis and
      biologic activity of uterine sarcomas.
AB  - The genesis of uterine sarcomas in vivo has been difficult to elucidate. The
      reasons are multifactorial and are compounded by the rarity of these tumors. In
      an effort to understand the biologic activity of this disease, normal endometrial
      tissue was subjected to tissue culture, histochemical study, and hormonal
      manipulation. Protein markers were used to differentiate endometrial epithelium
      from endometrial stromal cells in culture. The endometrial stromal cells grew
      rapidly following subculturing and were responsive to hormonal manipulation. When
      the stromal cells in culture were treated with the carcinogen N-methyl-N'-nitro-N
      nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), the resultant morphologic changes mimicked uterine
      sarcomas grown in culture. These changes appeared to occur in a sequential
      manner, somewhat analogous to changes occurring in the endometrial epithelium as
      it undergoes transformation to endometrial adenocarcinoma. These studies,
      therefore, may serve as a model system in understanding the genesis and biologic
      activity of uterine sarcomas.

PMID- 3710270
TI  - Surgical approach to diaphragmatic metastases from ovarian cancer.
AB  - Fourteen patients underwent surgical debulking of diaphragmatic metastases as
      part of cytoreductive surgery for advanced ovarian epithelial cancer from 1983 to
      1984. The surgical technique is described. Morbidity from this approach was not
      excessive in this small series of patients. It is suggested that this technique
      can be safely used and may benefit a few patients with advanced ovarian cancer.

PMID- 3710271
TI  - Cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and cis-platinum for the treatment of advanced
      granulosa cell tumor, using serum estradiol as a tumor marker.
AB  - Two cases of advanced granulosa cell tumor are described, in both of which
      chemotherapy comprising cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and cis-platinum resulted
      in an objective partial response with marked symptomatic improvement. In one case
      the response continues at 12 months, in the other the response lasted for 5
      months. In both cases elevated serum estradiol levels fell during treatment. A
      literature review reveals two previous cases in which this combination has been
      reported as being effective in advanced granulosa cell tumor, but this is the
      first report of the use of serum estradiol as a tumor marker.

PMID- 3710272
TI  - Primary malignant ovarian carcinoid.
AB  - A case of a primary ovarian carcinoid arising in the right ovary of a 17-year-old
      female is reported. The microscopic picture was very heterogeneous and there was
      heavily metastatic involvement of the liver but no symptoms of the carcinoid
      syndrome. No response to DTIC as part of combination chemotherapy was achieved.

PMID- 3710273
TI  - [Vaginal delivery following previous cesarean section].

PMID- 3710274
TI  - [Psychoendocrinology of female sexuality].

PMID- 3710275
TI  - [Significance of sexuality in the relations of sterile couples].

PMID- 3710276
TI  - [Donor insemination, adoption, in vitro fertilization: psychosocial and
      psychosexual aspects].

PMID- 3710277
TI  - [Post partum changes in marital relations].

PMID- 3710278
TI  - [Adjustment to abortion in marital relations].

PMID- 3710279
TI  - [Sexuality and micturition disorders].

PMID- 3710280
TI  - [Female sexuality from the psychoanalytic viewpoint].

PMID- 3710281
TI  - [Self concept of females without gonadal function. Turner syndrome,
      panhypopituitarism, premature climacteric].

PMID- 3710282
TI  - [Psychological and sexual disorders following ablative operations in gynecology].

PMID- 3710283
TI  - [Counseling and treatment in sexual problems].

PMID- 3710284
TI  - Effect of oral zinc application during pregnancy.
AB  - The beneficial effects of the oral application of zinc aspartate in pregnancy is
      investigated in a randomly selected study group of 179 patients and a control
      group of 345 patients. This study confirms the prophylactic effectiveness of zinc
      replacement in reducing the overall complication rate for both mother and fetus
      and in particular for large-for-date and small-for-date infants. The therapy is
      well tolerated and accepted by the patients and causes no side effects. The
      results are in line with those of other working groups reporting on zinc as an
      important element with protective effects on fetal growth and development in
      pregnancy.

PMID- 3710285
TI  - Effect of antihypertensive drugs on catechol-O-methyltransferase and monoamine
      oxidase activity in human term placental explants.
AB  - The effects of therapeutic concentrations of antihypertensive drugs on catechol-O
      methyltransferase (COMT) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) activities in term placental
      explants were studied. The enzyme activities were measured in tissue fractions
      using radioenzymatic techniques. At 6 h the incubation COMT activity increased
      significantly following exposure to verapamil and hydralazine, while exposure to
      alpha methyldopa caused a significant suppression of the enzyme. At 24 h exposure
      to hydralazine significantly suppressed the COMT activity. By 6 h the MAO
      activity was significantly suppressed by verapamil. MgSO4 and propranolol had no
      effect on the activities of COMT and MAO at 6 and 24 h. These results suggest
      that COMT and MAO activities in the placenta can be modulated by antihypertensive
      drugs and, therefore, these drugs might affect local catechol metabolism.

PMID- 3710286
TI  - Effect of ethanol on human umbilical artery and vein in vitro.
AB  - In vitro effects of ethanol on human umbilical artery and vein were studied.
      Ethanol (0.5-2.0%) elicited a dose-dependent contractile response both in the
      umbilical arterial and venous strips in Krebs' and Ca2+-free Krebs' solution. In
      umbilical artery, but not in vein, ethanol shifted the CaCl2-induced dose
      response curves to the right in a parallel manner along with a significant
      reduction in K+-depolarized maximal tension. These result demonstrate that
      ethanol can elicit a potent contractile response both in human umbilical arteries
      and veins and could aid in explaining why ethanol can induce the fetal alcohol
      syndrome.

PMID- 3710287
TI  - Comparison of oral and vaginal metronidazole therapy for nonspecific bacterial
      vaginosis.
AB  - A prospective, randomized, nonblind study was performed to compare the efficacy
      of a 7-day vaginal regimen with 500 mg metronidazole (Flagyl) once a day and that
      of oral treatment with 400 mg metronidazole twice daily for 7 days in the
      treatment of nonspecific bacterial vaginosis. No treatment was given to the
      sexual partners and there was no restriction of sexual intercourse. 38 women
      completed the study and at follow-up after 4 weeks, women receiving vaginal
      therapy had a cure rate of 79% compared with 74% in the women on oral therapy.
      Cure rates were lower among users of an intrauterine contraceptive device (57
      versus 88% among nonusers). The occurrence of lactate-producing bacteria
      (lactobacilli and aerobic streptococci) in the vagina was significantly higher in
      women after vaginal compared with oral therapy. Gardnerella vaginalis was
      isolated in 58% of the women after vaginal and in 44% of the women after oral
      treatment. It is concluded that vaginal application of 500 mg metronidazole daily
      for 7 days is equally effective as oral administration in the treatment of
      bacterial vaginosis.

PMID- 3710288
TI  - Characterization and localization of specific oestrogen binding in the human
      thymus.
AB  - Clinical and experimental observations suggest that oestrogens may influence
      immune reactivity. The oestrogen-binding properties of the human thymus were
      studied by the use of an aqueous two-phase separation technique. A specific, high
      affinity and low-capacity binding was found in 9 out of 10 thymic tissue samples
      obtained from children and adults of both sexes, their ages ranging from 1 to 42
      years. The association constant (+/- SD) for the oestradiol binding in human
      thymus was 3.7 +/- 1.4 X 10(9) M-1 and was in the same range as the receptor
      binding in the human uterus. The steroid specificity was found to differ from the
      classical oestrogen receptor. The concentration of oestrogen-binding sites (+/-
      SD) was 182 +/- 181 fmol/mg protein and was higher than the receptor
      concentration of the uterus. According to histochemical analyses the binding is
      located in the reticulo-epithelial stroma rather than the thymocytes. Data
      suggest that the human thymus is a target organ for oestrogens which may
      influence lymphocyte function during therapy.

PMID- 3710289
TI  - Lacto-N-fucopentaose III activity in the serum of patients with ovarian
      carcinoma.
AB  - The expression of the lacto-N-fucopentaose III (LNF III) epitope by tumor cells
      of the gastrointestinal tract and ovary has been observed in tissue sections with
      the use of the murine monoclonal antibody GA 29-1. The presence of the LNF III
      epitope in the circulation of patients with colorectal cancer has also been
      reported. In this preliminary study, we describe the presence of LNF III activity
      in the serum of patients with adenocarcinoma of the ovary. Twelve of 18 (66%)
      patients with stage I-IV disease demonstrated high reactivity to the GA 29-1
      monoclonal antibody. This serum reactivity was independent of disease stage and
      histologic cell type. In contrast, only 1 of 6 control patients demonstrated a
      false-positive level of reactivity to GA 29-1. These preliminary results suggest
      that LNF III warrants further study of its potential application as a serum tumor
      marker test in patients with adenocarcinoma of the ovary.

PMID- 3710290
TI  - Relationship between biological activity and concentration of a low-molecular
      weight heparin (PK 10169) and unfractionated heparin after intravenous and
      subcutaneous administration.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of unfractionated heparin and the low-molecular-weight (LMW)
      heparin PK 10169 after intravenous and subcutaneous injection were compared by
      crossover study in 8 healthy volunteers. The heparin concentrations in plasma
      were measured by a competitive binding assay, and anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities
      were also assayed. Unfractionated heparin was cleared after intravenous
      administration with a half-life of 35 min irrespective of assay method. However,
      the concentration of PK 10169 declined with the longer half-life of 60 min, and
      its anti-IIa and anti-Xa activities had half-lives of 40 and 275 min,
      respectively. Some of this anti-Xa activity may be mediated by a compound
      released by PK 10169 rather than by the LMW heparin itself. The bioavailability
      of PK 10169 was 3-fold greater than that of unfractionated heparin, due to more
      effective absorption after subcutaneous administration.

PMID- 3710291
TI  - Partial reversal of low molecular weight heparin (PK 10169) anti-Xa activity by
      protamine sulfate: in vitro and in vivo study during cardiac surgery with
      extracorporeal circulation.
AB  - Neutralization of a low molecular weight (LMW) heparin fraction by protamine
      sulfate was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Anti-Xa and anti-IIa activities were
      measured by amidolytic and coagulation methods (activated partial thromboplastin
      time, APTT). Fifteen patients (4 males and 11 females) underwent surgery with
      extracorporeal circulation. In vitro, anti-Xa and anti-IIa activities and APTT of
      unfractionated heparin were neutralized with a protamine/heparin (P/H)
      gravimetric ratio of 1.6, 1.33 and about 2, respectively. Anti-IIa activity and
      APTT induced by PK 10169 were completely corrected at a P/H ratio of 1 and 2,
      respectively, while anti-Xa activity was incompletely neutralized at a ratio of
      5. In vivo, in 9 patients who did not receive intravenous protamine sulfate, a
      good correlation was found between doses of PK 10169 infused, anti-IIa plasma
      level and blood loss. In 3 patients who were treated prophylactically with
      protamine, bleeding was normal or only slightly increased. In 3 patients who
      received protamine because of hemorrhage, mean anti-Xa and anti-IIa were 2.3 and
      0.54 U before and 1.32-0.06 U after neutralization. Bleeding was stopped by a
      second dose of protamine in 1 patient, but blood loss was abnormal in the other
      patients. However, a correlation between bleeding and anti-Xa or anti-IIa
      activities was not clearly evident.

PMID- 3710292
TI  - Pharmacokinetic studies of standard heparin and low molecular weight heparin in
      patients with chronic renal failure.
AB  - The disappearance of the anticoagulant activities of a standard commercial
      heparin and of a low molecular weight (LMW) heparin (PK 10169), administered as
      single intravenous injections, was studied in patients with chronic renal
      failure. Heparin and LMW heparin anticoagulant activities were determined by
      activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and chromogenic assays of anti-Xa
      and anti-IIa activities. Following heparin injection, a fast initial decay of
      anticoagulant activities preceded a slow convex disappearance curve, in
      semilogarithmic plots. These experimental data are in agreement with a model
      based on a predominant saturable mechanism of elimination of heparin in patients
      with renal failure. The disappearance of LMW heparin anti-Xa activity was
      obviously different, with linear or concave elimination curves, and longer
      apparent half-life. Taken together, our kinetic data and those previously
      reported in normal subjects strongly suggest that the mechanism of elimination of
      the LMW heparin studied is not saturable (at least for the tested dosages), and
      that the kidneys play a minimal role in the elimination.

PMID- 3710293
TI  - Enoxaparine low molecular weight heparin: its use in the prevention of deep
      venous thrombosis following total hip replacement.
AB  - The effect of Enoxaparin in the prevention of thromboembolism after total hip
      prosthesis has been controlled by phlebography. 228 consecutives patients were
      studied with 4 dose regimens: 60 mg once a day, 40 mg once a day, and 30 and 20
      mg twice a day. CONCLUSIONS: a total dose of 40 mg once a day or twice a day
      gives a rate of postoperative thrombosis of 8%.

PMID- 3710294
TI  - Prevention of deep vein thrombosis in elderly medical in-patients by a low
      molecular weight heparin: a randomized double-blind trial.
AB  - Two hundred and seventy patients over 65 years were included in a placebo
      controlled randomized double-blind trial to determine whether a small dose of a
      low molecular weight (LMW) heparin prevents the occurrence of deep vein leg
      thrombosis (DVT) diagnosed by 125I fibrinogen scanning. LMW heparin (60 mg daily)
      significantly reduced the frequency of DVT from 9 to 3 percent (p = 0.03).
      Adverse drug reactions did not differ significantly between the 2 groups, except
      for the injection site hematomas that were more frequent in the LMW heparin
      group. In conclusion, LMW heparin appears of value in preventing the occurrence
      of DVT in an unselected elderly in-patient population.

PMID- 3710295
TI  - Low molecular weight heparin fraction PK 10169: a new therapeutic means for
      anticoagulant therapy?
AB  - To test the efficacy and safety of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) fractions
      in thromboembolic diseases, 2 pilot studies were performed. The aim of the first
      was to test the antithrombotic efficacy of the LMWH PK 10169 (Pharmuka
      Laboratories) in 9 patients (group I) with acute pulmonary embolism documented by
      pulmonary angiography and scintiscan. The second study was intended to test the
      safety of the same LMWH fraction in a group (group II) of 30 patients at high
      risk of bleeding but also requiring antithrombotic therapy. In the 2 groups, the
      antithrombotic efficacy of PK 10169 was found to be excellent: no recurrence of
      pulmonary embolism was noted in group I and no thrombotic event occurred in group
      II. Neither side effects nor major bleeding complications occurred in either
      group. However, 1 patient in group II had a moderate bleeding in relation to a
      transient overdosage, and 3 others exhibited minor bleeding which did not
      necessitate dosage adjustment. In these studies, PK 10169, at the dosage used,
      proved an effective antithrombotic therapy with few side effects even in a group
      of patients considered to be at high risk of bleeding.

PMID- 3710296
TI  - Low molecular weight heparin and its clinical use. International Enoxaparin
      symposium. San Diego, July 1985.

PMID- 3710297
TI  - In vivo effects of low molecular weight heparins on experimental thrombosis and
      bleeding.
AB  - Recent studies with heparin fractions indicate that it is possible to dissociate
      the antithrombotic and hemorrhagic effects of heparin and so improve its
      therapeutic potential. Heparin inhibits blood coagulation by 3 independent
      mechanisms by augmenting the effect of antithrombin III (the major effect), by
      augmenting the inhibitory effect of thrombin or heparin cofactor II, and by
      disrupting the activation of blood coagulation on the platelet surface; it has an
      additional effect on hemostasis through its interaction with blood platelets.
      Some insight into the mechanism of heparin-induced bleeding has been provided by
      studies with low molecular weight heparins. These heparins have reduced
      antithrombin activity but retain anti-Xa activity and have antithrombotic
      properties in animals with a reduced risk of bleeding. There is evidence that the
      reduction in the bleeding risk is unrelated to the anticoagulant effect of these
      low molecular weight heparins, but that it may be related to the observation that
      they inhibit platelet function less than standard heparin. The very low molecular
      weight heparins (molecular weight 3,000 daltons), have virtually no anti-IIa
      activity and are relatively weaker antithrombotic agents than low molecular
      weight heparins of 5,000 daltons. A minimal amount of anti-IIa activity is
      required for full expression of the antithrombotic activities of these low
      molecular weight heparins.

PMID- 3710298
TI  - Low molecular weight heparin: a better drug?
AB  - Preliminary clinical trials suggest that at least some low molecular weight (LMW)
      heparins are as effective as heparin in preventing post-operative deep vein
      thrombosis, and need only be injected once a day. However, a firm basis does not
      exist for assigning potency estimates to different LMW heparins. Caution is
      therefore necessary in determining appropriate dosages for various clinical
      indications. Until the problems of standardization and dosage are resolved, LMW
      heparins are unlikely to achieve their potential usefulness, or prove safer than
      standard heparin.

PMID- 3710299
TI  - Biochemical and pharmacological studies on the interaction of PK 10169 and its
      subfractions with human platelets.
AB  - The interactions of heparin or its fractions with platelets that cause heparin
      induced thrombocytopenia or in vitro platelet activation are poorly understood.
      We have shown that a low molecular weight derivative of heparin (PK 10169) and
      its subfractions can cause in vitro activation of platelets from normal human
      donors. This activation process is molecular-weight-dependent and involves the
      generation of thromboxane. We have also examined the effect of the serum from a
      patient with immune heparin-induced thrombocytopenia on normal donors' platelets
      incubated with heparin, PK 10169 or subfractions of PK 10169. It was found that
      the patient's serum induced aggregation of normal donor platelets in the presence
      of heparin, PK 10169 or certain subfractions of PK 10169. This process also
      appears to be mediated by thromboxane generation.

PMID- 3710300
TI  - [Hyperbaric oxygen in refractory mandibular osteomyelitis].

PMID- 3710301
TI  - [Auditory brain-stem evoked potentials for identification and localization of
      hearing impairment in diabetics].

PMID- 3710302
TI  - [Familial neurodegenerative disease in an Israeli Arab family].

PMID- 3710303
TI  - [Oral potassium in the assessment of ST-T abnormalities].

PMID- 3710304
TI  - [Surgical treatment of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea].

PMID- 3710305
TI  - [Reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome].

PMID- 3710306
TI  - [Hypersensitivity reactions to local anaesthetics].

PMID- 3710307
TI  - [Epidural analgesia with morphine and methadone].

PMID- 3710308
TI  - [A short alcoholic detoxification program].

PMID- 3710309
TI  - [IgM nephropathy--clinicopathological entity].

PMID- 3710310
TI  - [Pregnancy and delivery in portal hypertension].

PMID- 3710312
TI  - [Suppressive effect of tritoqualine (TRQ) on the acceleration of fibrosis in the
      liver].
AB  - Liver cirrhosis was induced by consecutive CCl4-treatment of rats (0.5 ml/kg,
      s.c., 2 times/week) to investigate the effect of TRQ on the acceleration of
      fibrosis in the liver. An increase of hydroxyproline content in the liver of rats
      began 12 weeks after the CCl4 treatment and a 1.9-fold increase was observed at
      week 14 compared with non-CCl4 treated rats. Histamine in the liver increased
      about 2 times at week 14. Increased numbers of mast cells were seen in the area
      of proliferated collagen fiber in the liver under microscopic observation, and
      also a good correlation was recognized between the number of mast cells and the
      progression of fibrosis. An administration of TRQ to the rats for 2 weeks from
      week 13 resulted in significant suppression of both the increase in
      hydroxyproline and histamine in the liver dose-dependently compared with the CCl4
      control group. Both progression of collagen and increase in mast cell numbers
      were also suppressed by TRQ dose-dependently under histopathological observation;
      at the same time the decrease in mast cells was recognized to correspond to the
      decrease in hydroxyproline and histamine in the liver. Thus, it was suggested
      that increased mast cells participated in the biosynthesis of collagen. Though
      the elevated serum transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and leucine amino
      peptidase were also suppressed by TRQ administration, the protein biosynthesis
      activity of the liver and lowered serum total cholesterol were not improved as
      much as the other parameters. From these results, it was shown that TRQ was
      especially and remarkably effective in suppressing the acceleration of fibrosis,
      and one of the pharmacological mechanisms of this action may be ascribed to the
      inhibitory effect of TRQ on the activation of mast cells by some stimulants.

PMID- 3710311
TI  - [Effect of tritoqualine (TRQ) on bile secretion in rats].
AB  - An accelerating effect by TRQ-consecutive administration perorally on bile
      secretion in rats was investigated in comparison with phenobarbital (PB)
      administered rats. The bile secretion velocity was increased significantly by
      administration of TRQ (25, 50, 100 mg/kg/day) or PB (50 mg/kg/day) compared to
      the control group. A 24% increase in the ratio of the liver weight to body weight
      was observed in the PB-administered group, but in the TRQ-administered group, a
      slight increase (5%) was seen compared with the control group. The concentration
      of excreted bile acid in the bile of rats to which TRQ and PB were administered
      were lower than that of the control group. However, when excreted bile acid
      content was represented in terms of wet liver weight, no difference was seen in
      the TRQ-administered group, but a 17% decrease was observed in the PB
      administered group compared with the control group; and also, almost the same
      results were obtained with regards to the cholesterol and phospholipid in the
      bile. Though there was no difference of Na+, K+, or Cl- concentration in bile
      between the TRQ or PB-administered group and the control group, more Na+, K+ or
      Cl-/g wet liver was excreted in TRQ-treated group than the PB-administered group.
      TRQ was excreted through the bile duct promptly after an i.v. injection without
      an increase in the bile secretion, suggesting that the excretion of TRQ and its
      metabolites were not accompanied by the increase in bile secretion. These results
      indicate that the accelerating effect of TRQ on bile secretion was presumably
      derived from bile acid non-dependent bile secretion such as PB; however, a
      different pharmacological mechanism between TRQ and PB was presumed from the
      discrepancy of the decomposition in the secreted bile and of drug-metabolizing
      enzyme induction. Thus, it was suggested that there was a possibility that the
      accelerating action of bile secretion by TRQ was attributed to the activating
      effect of TRQ on the hepatocytes.

PMID- 3710314
TI  - [Sexual dimorphism in the pressor response to l-adrenaline in rats].
AB  - The cause of sex differences in the pressor response to l-adrenaline in adult
      rats (Tomori, 1986) was further examined using normal and castrated adult rats.
      Blood pressure was determined by the tail-cuff method. A prolonged elevation of
      blood pressure in male rats shown after an injection of l-adrenaline (50
      micrograms/kg, s.c.) was almost completely suppressed by phentolamine (50
      micrograms/kg, s.c.), and the slight l-adrenaline-induced increase in blood
      pressure in female rats was reversed to a decrease by phentolamine. Pretreatment
      with propranolol (200 micrograms/kg, s.c.) enhanced the pressor action of l
      adrenaline in males and enhanced it to a greater extent in females. Castration
      resulted in a significant decrease in basal pressure in males and no change in
      females. Pressor responses to l-adrenaline in castrated male and female rats
      showed a minor alteration. In clonidine (20 micrograms/kg, s.c.)-treated normal
      rats, l-adrenaline induced an increase in blood pressure in males, but caused a
      decrease in females. In clonidine-treated castrated male rats, however, l
      adrenaline administration induced a decrease in blood pressure. l-Adrenaline
      injection to yohimbine (1 mg/kg, s.c.)-treated rats induced a prolonged elevation
      of blood pressure in males and a transient elevation in females as shown in rats
      treated with l-adrenaline alone. In yohimbine-treated castrated rats, a decrease
      in the blood pressure was observed in males and a slight increase was observed in
      females after l-adrenaline administration. The present results suggest that the
      central pressor regulatory system is involved in the sex difference in pressor
      response to exogenous l-adrenaline and that androgens play a role to somehow
      maintain a higher pressor responsiveness to l-adrenaline in male rats.

PMID- 3710313
TI  - [Effect of an antihypertensive drug, budralazine, on glucose and lipid metabolism
      in diabetic SHR].
AB  - Budralazine was evaluated for its effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in
      diabetic SHR. SHR treated with 10% sucrose solution as drinking water for 3
      months exhibited an impaired glucose tolerance with higher serum insulin levels
      and a reduction of sigma delta IRI/sigma delta BS. This model was, therefore,
      considered to resemble hypertensive patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes
      (NIDD). Streptozotocin (30 mg/kg, i.v.)-treated SHR had a glucose intolerance
      with lower serum insulin levels and a reduction of sigma delta IRI/sigma delta
      BS, suggesting a similarity to hypertensive states with insulin-dependent
      diabetes (IDD) in humans. Repeated administration of budralazine (15-60
      mg/kg/day, p.o.) had no effect on glucose tolerance, insulin secretion, serum
      electrolytes and lipid levels in Wistar rats, SHR, IDD-SHR and NIDD-SHR.
      Budralazine caused a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure in IDD-SHR
      and NIDD-SHR as well as in SHR. Repeated administration of furosemide (50-100
      mg/kg/day, p.o.) resulted in a marked reduction in glucose tolerance, sigma delta
      IRI/sigma delta BS and serum potassium in Wistar rats. These effects of
      furosemide were more pronounced in SHR and IDD-SHR (IDD-SHR greater than SHR) and
      were reduced by either KC1 supplement or administration of triamterene. Thus,
      furosemide-induced glucose intolerance seems, at least partially, to be
      attributed to potassium loss which led to decreased insulin secretion. From these
      results, it is possible that budralazine may be useful for the treatment of
      hypertensive patients with diabetes.

PMID- 3710315
TI  - [Combined effect of (2R, 4R)-2-(o-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(3-mercaptopropionyl)-4
      thiazolidinecarbo xyl ic acid (SA446) with hydrochlorothiazide or propranolol on
      development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) by long-term
      administration].
AB  - Effect of long-term oral administration of the converting enzyme inhibitor (2R,
      4R)-2-(o-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(mercaptopropionyl)-4-thiazolidinecarboxylic acid
      (SA446) in combination with hydrochlorothiazide or propranolol on the development
      of hypertension was examined in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The
      development of hypertension in SHR was markedly suppressed by the treatment with
      SA446 (45 mg/kg, p.o.) for 17 weeks from 8 weeks of age, the pre-stage of
      hypertension. Long-term administration of hydrochlorothiazide (20 mg/kg, p.o.)
      also showed an obvious antihypertensive effect, but the effect was less potent
      than that of SA446. On the other hand, propranolol (20 mg/kg, p.o.) showed a
      slight or little antihypertensive effect. The combined administration of
      hydrochlorothiazide and SA446 produced a more potent antihypertensive effect than
      the administration of SA446 alone. On the other hand, the combined use of
      propranolol had no influence on the antihypertensive effect of SA446 by long-term
      administration in SHR. Plasma renin activities measured after 17 weeks treatment
      of the drugs indicated that the renin-angiotensin system was activated by
      hydrochlorothiazide. These results suggest that the antihypertensive effect of
      long-term administration of SA446 in SHR is enhanced by the combined
      administration of diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide, which activates the
      renin-angiotensin system.

PMID- 3710316
TI  - Effect of fatty acids on aflatoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus.
AB  - The effect of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids on aflatoxin production was
      studied in a synthetic medium. The aflatoxin production decreased (10-75%) in the
      presence of lauric acid and palmitic acid but the addition of behenic and sebacic
      acid stimulated aflatoxin production by 125-541%. Linolenic and linoleic acids
      effected aflatoxin production and mycelium growth. An 34-fold increase in
      aflatoxin production was observed with 50 mM linoleic acid. An inverse
      relationship was observed between aflatoxin production and mycelium mass,
      irrespective of the nature of the fatty acid.

PMID- 3710317
TI  - Effect of metal ions on aflatoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus.
AB  - The effect of iron, copper, cobalt, cadmium, zinc, molybdenum, magnesium and
      manganese salts was studied on aflatoxin production in relation to mycelial mass.
      Iron, copper and cadmium salts decreased the aflatoxin production to different
      levels but a mixed trend was observed depending on salt concentration, with
      molybdenum, magnesium and manganese. Cobalt and zinc salts stimulated aflatoxin
      production at all concentrations studied. The maximum increase in aflatoxin
      production, 655% and 519% was observed in the presence of zinc sulfate and sodium
      molybdate, respectively. A negative correlation was observed between aflatoxin
      production and vegetative growth of fungus.

PMID- 3710318
TI  - Antagonism between Yersinia intermedia and Yersinia enterocolitica in water.
AB  - One strain of Yersinia enterocolitica and one strain of Y. intermedia were grown
      in peptone water at 25 or 37 degrees C, or in ground water at 15 degrees C.
      Similar growth rates were observed when these strains were cultivated separately
      in the same media and at the same temperature. Mixed cultures at 37 degrees C
      displayed equivalent growth rates. In contrast, mixed cultures incubated at 15 or
      25 degrees C were regularly unfavourable to Y. enterocolitica, whereas they did
      not modify the growth of Y. intermedia. A bacteriophage active on Y.
      enterocolitica and not on Y. intermedia was characterized from the filtrate of
      mixed cultures at low temperatures. This phage produced by the lysogenic Y.
      intermedia strain might be a potential factor responsible for the inhibition of
      Y. enterocolitica, since no additional antibacterial factor or nutritional
      competition between Y. intermedia and Y. enterocolitica were found in the mixed
      cultures.

PMID- 3710319
TI  - Induction of mutants resistant to antibiotics in Brevibacterium flavum.
AB  - The optimum conditions for the induction of mutants resistant to antibiotics in
      Brevibacterium flavum ATCC 14067 were determined. UV irradiation at the energy
      fluence of 6.5 kJ/m2 and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (1 mg/mL) at pH 6.0
      were used for the induction of mutants. Mutant strains resistant to rifampicin,
      oleandomycin, streptomycin and erythromycin were prepared.

PMID- 3710320
TI  - Arthroscopy of the posterior subtalar joint: a preliminary report.
AB  - The technique of arthroscopy is, at the present time, available for the
      investigation of the subtalar joint. In this preliminary report, the relevant
      anatomy and technique are reviewed. Illustrative cases are presented to review
      some of its applications. It is the conclusion of the author that arthroscopy of
      the subtalar joint may be of value in the following situations: assessment of the
      articular cartilage in suspected cases of degenerative, rheumatoid, or infectious
      arthritis; evaluation of chronic pain syndrome in the hindfoot after injuries;
      and biopsy of the synovial lining, breakage of adhesions, joint lavage, and
      removal of loose bodies.

PMID- 3710321
TI  - Fracture dislocations of the tarsometatarsal joints: end results correlated with
      pathology and treatment.
AB  - Seventy-two patients with 76 fracture-dislocations of the Lisfranc
      tarsometatarsal joint complex were evaluated. Fifty-eight (81%) were polytrauma
      patients and the remainder suffered isolated injuries. Sixty of the original 72
      patients were available for long-term study. Eight of these had an amputation at
      or shortly after the original admission, leaving 52 patients with 55 Lisfranc
      injuries for analysis. The average length of follow-up was 4.2 years (range, 20
      months to 11 years). According to the Painful Foot Center scoring system, 27 feet
      (49%) achieved an excellent or good result and 28 (51%), a fair or poor result.
      Direct crush injuries did poorly with only one of eight scoring good or
      excellent. Of the various treatment modalities, open reduction and internal
      fixation with Kirschner wires yielded the best results. The major determinant of
      unacceptable results was identified as the quality of the initial reduction.
      Tarsal instability and late degenerative joint disease caused most of the
      symptoms. Twenty-three of the 52 patients (44%) have had or should have further
      mid-foot surgery to improve function and comfort. Because our results were often
      poor, our present protocol includes closed or open reduction and Kirschner wire
      internal fixation. Displacement greater than 2 mm or a talometatarsal angle
      greater than 15 degrees on radiographs following a closed reduction mandates open
      reduction.

PMID- 3710322
TI  - Dowel arthrodesis for degenerative arthritis of the tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc)
      joints.
AB  - A late complication of fracture with dislocation involving the tarsometatarsal
      joints of the foot (Lisfranc fracture) is progressive degenerative arthritis and
      pain. A dowel-graft arthrodesis technique is described that uses percutaneous
      bone graft from the iliac crest supplemented by crossed-wire fixation. The cases
      of 15 patients who underwent surgery between 1979 and 1982 in which this
      technique was used were reviewed retrospectively. These patients suffered from
      painful posttraumatic degenerative arthritis after tarsometatarsal joint fracture
      dislocation. Follow-up evaluation (mean, 37 months) of 13 of the 15 patients
      demonstrated satisfactory pain relief in 11 patients, whereas 2 were
      dissatisfied. Complications included three instances of nonunion and one
      postsurgical reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome.

PMID- 3710323
TI  - Predictive value of manual muscle testing and gait analysis in normal ankles by
      dynamic electromyography.
AB  - Eight muscles about the ankle of seven normal subjects were assessed by
      electromyography (EMG) during manual muscle testing (MMT) and walking. Three
      strength levels (normal, fair, trace) and three gait velocities (free, fast,
      slow) were tested. The muscles studied included the gastrocnemius, soleus,
      posterior tibialis, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, anterior
      tibialis, extensor digitorum longus, and extensor hallucis longus. Relative
      intensity of muscle action was quantitated visually (using an eight-point scale
      based on amplitude and density of the signal). The data showed that EMG activity
      increased directly as more muscle force was required during the different manual
      muscle test levels and increased walking speeds. No MMT isolated activity to the
      specific muscle though being tested. Instead, there always was a synergistic
      response. Both the gastrocnemius and soleus contributed significantly to
      plantarflexion regardless of knee position. The intensity of muscle action during
      walking related to the manual muscle test grades. Walking at the normal free
      velocity (meters/min) required fair (grade 3) muscle action. During slow gait the
      muscle functioned at a poor (grade 2) level. Fast walking necessitated muscle
      action midway between fair and normal, which was interpreted as good (grade 4).

PMID- 3710324
TI  - Isolated avulsion of the tibial origin of the anterior tibiofibular ligament.
AB  - A case report of a patient with an isolated avulsion of the anterior tubercle of
      the tibia is presented. This is the origin of anterior tibiofibular ligament, and
      this injury is the first stage of a supination external rotation injury of the
      ankle. It can be easily missed and, if not treated properly, can result in an
      unstable ankle. The patient was not treated initially and the result was an
      unstable ankle.

PMID- 3710325
TI  - Osteomyelitis of the heel with Pasteurella pneumotropica: a case report.
AB  - A rare case of Pasteurella pneumotropica occurring in a polymicrobial anaerobic
      osteomyelitis of the heel is presented. The natural history, predisposing
      conditions, treatment, and postoperative care are presented. Surgical excision of
      the infected portion of the calcaneus, appropriate antibiotics, and lift with
      proper supporting heel cup all aided in returning the patient to her normal daily
      activities.

PMID- 3710326
TI  - Intonation and pausing in deaf speech.

PMID- 3710327
TI  - Speech and the left hemisphere: what Broca actually said.

PMID- 3710328
TI  - A scale of Spanish-American consonants (Mexico).

PMID- 3710329
TI  - [Delayed speech ad language development. Need for a combined phoniatric
      psychologic diagnosis].

PMID- 3710330
TI  - Neuropsychological examination of a language-deficient child.

PMID- 3710331
TI  - [Spectral energy distributions of the /s/ sound in language development
      disordered children].

PMID- 3710332
TI  - Speech disorders associated with histidinemia and other hereditary disorders of
      amino acid metabolism.

PMID- 3710333
TI  - Subependymoma and unexpected death.
AB  - A previously healthy 53-year-old man died suddenly and unexpected. The main
      finding at the post mortem examination was a large 4th ventricle subependymoma, a
      rare brain tumour related to the ventricles of the brain. The salient features of
      subependymoma are described with emphasis on the microscopic picture and
      distinction from subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, as the tumour harboured
      large, bizarre astrocytes. Coronary atherosclerosis and mild cardiac hypertrophy
      were present as the only pathologic changes outside the central nervous system.
      The cause of death is discussed in light of earlier reports on brain tumours and
      sudden fatal incidents.

PMID- 3710334
TI  - Brain macrophages in human cortical contusions as indicator of survival period.
AB  - The aim of this study was to establish a morphologic time scheme with which cases
      of cerebral contusion with unknown survival periods can be dated. Our study of
      275 cases was limited to qualitative and quantitative changes in macrophages. The
      appearance of macrophages and their distribution as well as their content of
      neutral fat, esterified cholesterol, erythrocytes, siderin, hematoidin, and
      ceroid were correlated with the survival period. For each cytologic criterium,
      the observation period, distribution-free limits of tolerance, and relative
      frequency of identification in different survival periods were determined, and
      the limits of confidence calculated. The findings permit the dating of trauma in
      cases with unknown survival periods. Moreover, the probability of this dating was
      calculated.

PMID- 3710335
TI  - [Modification of tear secretion and stability of the tear film by nicotine].

PMID- 3710336
TI  - [Determination of tear film break-up time in keratoconjunctivitis sicca with a
      barrier filter].

PMID- 3710337
TI  - [Modification of tear film break-up time by hormonal contraceptives].

PMID- 3710338
TI  - [Structure and stability of the precorneal film].

PMID- 3710339
TI  - [Frequency of various subjective symptoms in "dry eye"].

PMID- 3710340
TI  - [Local antibacterial prevention in keratoconjunctivitis sicca].

PMID- 3710341
TI  - [Pathophysiology of the precorneal film: lipid layer].

PMID- 3710342
TI  - [The dry eye and contact lens].

PMID- 3710343
TI  - [Therapy of the dry eye].

PMID- 3710345
TI  - [Functional morphology of the conjunctiva].

PMID- 3710344
TI  - [Surgery of the conjunctiva].

PMID- 3710346
TI  - [Block excision in cases of conjunctival melanomas].

PMID- 3710347
TI  - [Malignant melanoma of the conjunctiva--clinical course and histopathologic
      findings].

PMID- 3710348
TI  - [Treatment of conjunctival melanoma with ruthenium 106--preliminary report].

PMID- 3710349
TI  - [Anatomy and pathology of the conjunctival lymph vessel system].

PMID- 3710350
TI  - [Impression cytology of the conjunctiva--a noninvasive study method. I. Technic
      of specimen collection].

PMID- 3710351
TI  - [Impression cytology of the conjunctiva--a noninvasive study method. II. Light
      microscopy findings in normal conjunctiva, keratoconjunctivitis and in contact
      lens wearers].

PMID- 3710352
TI  - [Impression cytology of the conjunctiva--a noninvasive study method. III. Use of
      scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy in impression
      cytology specimens].

PMID- 3710353
TI  - [Goblet cell density modified by pilocarpine].

PMID- 3710354
TI  - [Oculomucocutaneous syndrome].

PMID- 3710355
TI  - [Conjunctivitis lignosa].

PMID- 3710356
TI  - [Conjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia and parasites].

PMID- 3710357
TI  - [Unusual diseases of the conjunctiva in Saudi Arabia].

PMID- 3710358
TI  - [Biophysical experimental studies of the stability and flexibility of the lipid
      layer of the tear film under conditions of compression and spreading].

PMID- 3710359
TI  - [Determination of the layer thickness of secretions of the meibomian glands by in
      vitro conditions].

PMID- 3710360
TI  - [Senile involution of the human lacrimal gland--electron microscopy study of
      lacrimal gland cyst and cyst parenchyma].

PMID- 3710361
TI  - [Pharmacotherapy of conjunctival diseases].

PMID- 3710362
TI  - [Nonpigmented conjunctival tumors].

PMID- 3710363
TI  - [Dysontogenetic and melanotic tumors of the conjunctiva].

PMID- 3710364
TI  - [Treatment of malignant melanoma of the conjunctiva].

PMID- 3710365
TI  - [Sensitivity determination of the conjunctiva--methodology and initial clinical
      findings].

PMID- 3710366
TI  - [Ophthalmologic follow-up examination in Kawasaki syndrome (mucocutaneous lymph
      node syndrome)].

PMID- 3710367
TI  - [The conjunctiva in idiopathic lymphedema (Nonne-Milroy-Meige syndrome)].

PMID- 3710368
TI  - [20-year follow-up of recurring lymphangioma of the conjunctiva].

PMID- 3710369
TI  - [Conjunctivitis caused by fly larvae].

PMID- 3710370
TI  - [Bacterial colonization of the deep conjunctival layers].

PMID- 3710371
TI  - [PVP iodine eyedrops in bacterial conjunctivitis].

PMID- 3710372
TI  - [Is intracapsular cataract extraction in high myopia indicated? Results of a
      retrospective study].

PMID- 3710373
TI  - [Technic of extracapsular cataract operation].

PMID- 3710374
TI  - [Conjunctival incision in extracapsular cataract operations using posterior
      chamber lens implantation in combination with trabeculectomy].

PMID- 3710375
TI  - [Retropupillary lenses in glaucoma: anterior chamber depth, pressure behavior,
      pre- and postoperative medication].

PMID- 3710376
TI  - [The balloon gas method: a procedure for treating selected problem detachments].

PMID- 3710377
TI  - [Limbal conjunctival incision in retinal detachment surgery; effect on
      postoperative extrusion of the filling].

PMID- 3710378
TI  - [Physical exertion following successfully operated retinal detachment].

PMID- 3710379
TI  - [Significance of interdisciplinary cooperation in angiomatosis retinae].

PMID- 3710380
TI  - [Microlesions of the retina in patients with v. Hippel-Lindau syndrome].

PMID- 3710381
TI  - [Intermittent exophthalmos].

PMID- 3710382
TI  - [Eye changes in lymphomatoid granulomatosis].

PMID- 3710383
TI  - [Pupillary membrane threads in iris angiography and Scheimpflug photography].

PMID- 3710384
TI  - [Magnetic field sensitivity of the human eye: objective findings].

PMID- 3710385
TI  - [Results of ptosis operations using silicone slings].

PMID- 3710387
TI  - [The Schirmer test in local anesthesia in open or closed eyelids].

PMID- 3710386
TI  - [Conjunctivodacryocystotomy--technic and results].

PMID- 3710388
TI  - [Sinus node syndrome].

PMID- 3710389
TI  - [Mitral valve prolapse].

PMID- 3710390
TI  - ["Geriatric" aortic stenosis].

PMID- 3710391
TI  - [Hippocrates--an ethical example?].

PMID- 3710392
TI  - [Tallness and gigantism. Diagnosis and therapy].

PMID- 3710393
TI  - [Secondary insufficiency of the testis].

PMID- 3710394
TI  - [Control of eye movements. Brain stem pathways of rapid eye movements (saccades)-
      neuroanatomical studies].

PMID- 3710395
TI  - ["Essential" phospholipids in liver diseases].

PMID- 3710396
TI  - [Little order produced by the new regulation. The prescription of medical
      instruments becomes more precise but also causes new confusion].

PMID- 3710397
TI  - [Masseterplasty in facial paralysis. Use of the Gore-Tex (PTFE) soft tissue patch
      as a tendon rein].

PMID- 3710398
TI  - [Clinical aspects and therapy of toxic colonic dilatation].

PMID- 3710399
TI  - [Chronic aggressive hepatitis B: effectiveness of the control of
      immunosuppressive therapy. Value of biopsy and laboratory chemical procedures].

PMID- 3710400
TI  - [Coronary heart disease--prevention in school].

PMID- 3710401
TI  - [After care in heart valve replacement in general practice and a heart support
      group. 2: Exercise therapy, psychosocial problems, diet].

PMID- 3710402
TI  - [Extra-intracranial bypass operation. Morphologic studies of the feasibility of
      intervention and concomitant medication].

PMID- 3710403
TI  - [L-dopa-induced psychoses and their treatment with L-tryptophan].

PMID- 3710404
TI  - [Effects of metamizole on the motility of the urinary tract. A quantitative
      analysis of the excretory phase of serial renal scintigraphy].

PMID- 3710405
TI  - [Clinical variants of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: hemiplegic type of ALS and
      Mills syndrome. A critical review].
AB  - According to the clinical classification of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by
      Hemmer its "hemiplegic type" is described from two observations in 37 personal
      cases. The peculiar difficulties of differential diagnosis especially with the
      hemiplegic type of multiple sclerosis in two further cases are discussed in
      detail. Four cases of "Mills' syndrome" are compared. "Mills' syndrome" has been
      assumed to be a slowly progressive, unilateral ascending or descending variant of
      amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A study of Mills' original papers and evaluation
      of personal observations leads to a more critical assessment. In Mills' original
      cases, widely different entities such as multiple sclerosis, syphilis, and
      parkinsonism are included besides amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In the light of
      the investigations presented here, Mills' syndrome seems to be merely an obsolete
      clinical term.

PMID- 3710406
TI  - [Regional prospective study of psychiatric sequelae of legal abortion].
AB  - 117 (45%) of the 263 women of German nationality who underwent socially indicated
      abortions in the postal-code area 2300 (Kiel) in the first quarter of 1982 were
      investigated before the abortion as well as one year later. As far as age,
      marital status and number of children were concerned, these women did not differ
      significantly from the other 55%. One year later information was collected on the
      women's emotional adjustment by means of a questionnaire concerning feelings of
      guilt and loss, personal reports of adjustment process and the investigator's
      judgement. According to the findings, 79% of the women had adjusted without any
      problems, 14% were still in a state of emotional imbalance, 7% were clearly
      impaired emotionally and in their everydays functioning. 21% of the women, who
      had adjustment problems, had already been more depressive before the abortion.
      One year later, they were also more depressive than the other women, more
      dissatisfied with their lives in general and with their sex lives. They were in
      greater doubt as to whether they had made the right decision, showed less
      inclination to consider a further abortion and reported stronger post-abortive
      feelings of guilt. Significantly connected with later emotional difficulties were
      low social class, a difficult financial situation, lack of intrapsychic
      differentiation between sex and reproduction, no partner or negative relation
      with partner and partner disagreements, particularly in the case where the male
      partner was more in favour of abortion than the woman. Statistically
      insignificant, although tendencially noticeable were social isolation, non
      employment and pre-pregnancy psychical problems. Age, marital status, number of
      children, simultaneous abortion/sterilisation, previous abortions, a broken home
      in the patient's youth had no effect on the emotional adjustment after the
      abortion. The common factor of all variables predicting post-abortive emotional
      problems seems to be an external motivation for abortion together with a greater
      ambivalence towards the pregnancy.

PMID- 3710407
TI  - [Potassium depletion nephropathy in the rat. Ultrastructural and morphometric
      studies on the structural alterations of the renal medulla].

PMID- 3710409
TI  - [Neuronal types of rat substantia nigra and striatum and effects on them of
      chronic chlorpromazine administration. Quantitative light and electron
      microscopic morphometry].

PMID- 3710408
TI  - Effects of dexamethasone on proliferation, morphology and fibronectin in a
      cultured human glioma-derived cell line.

PMID- 3710410
TI  - [Experimental study on the distribution of metastatic lesions in peritoneal
      dissemination].

PMID- 3710411
TI  - The new environment for rural HMOs.

PMID- 3710412
TI  - But what about quality?

PMID- 3710413
TI  - HMOs and medical education: fashioning a marriage.

PMID- 3710414
TI  - Health status and health care utilization.

PMID- 3710415
TI  - HMO growth, costs, and customer service.

PMID- 3710416
TI  - HMO enrollment growth and physicians: the third compartment.

PMID- 3710417
TI  - Kaiser, HMOs, and the public interest: a conversation with James A. Vohs.
      Interview by John K. Iglehart.

PMID- 3710418
TI  - HMOs, finance, and the hereafter.

PMID- 3710419
TI  - The HMO report card: a closer look.

PMID- 3710420
TI  - Hyperprolactinemia associated with chronic renal failure in the rat.
AB  - Patients with CRF exhibit hyperprolactinemia and resistance to the prolactin
      suppressive effects of dopamine. In order to explore the pathogenetic mechanisms
      involved, an animal model of CRF was developed in the adult male rat bearing an
      indwelling right atrial catheter by performing a two stage 5/6 nephrectomy (NX).
      Following NX, serum creatinine levels rose to a value of 1.36 +/- 0.2 mg/dl at 8
      weeks as compared to sham-operated controls (0.31 +/- 0.1, P less than 0.01).
      There was a parallel increase in plasma prolactin levels in NX animals with
      values significantly greater than in controls by 8 weeks (49 +/- 11 vs 17 +/- 2
      ng/ml, P less than 0.02). At 8 weeks, the plasma prolactin responses to
      metoclopramide (500 micrograms/kg, iv) were similar in unanesthetized NX and sham
      operated control animals. The prolactin-suppressive effects of an iv dopamine
      infusion (6 micrograms/kg/min X 30 min) was also similar in the two groups (46 +/
      8% vs 40 +/- 10% suppression). The responses of lactotrophs in vitro were
      compared in NX and control animals at 8 weeks. Basal prolactin release during 4 h
      was similar in the two groups as were the suppressive responses to dopamine and
      bromocriptine. The results indicate that the rat with CRF, like human develops
      hyperprolactinemia. In contrast to the human, however, responses to dopaminergic
      agonists and antagonists in vivo and in vitro are unimpaired, indicating that
      hyperprolactinemia in rats with CRF occurs on a non-dopaminergic basis.

PMID- 3710421
TI  - Effects of human growth hormone administration on growth rate and growth
      stimulating activity of serum, measured by lymphocyte bioassay in hypopituitary
      children.
AB  - The acute effect of human growth hormone (hGH) upon the serum bioassayable growth
      stimulating activity was compared to the long-term effects of hGH on growth rate
      in two groups of hypopituitary patients aged 2-18 years. 12 patients had complete
      GH deficiency with GH peak below 3.5 ng/ml at two stimulation tests. 15 others,
      having both GH peaks below 8 ng/ml and at least one above 3.5 ng/ml, were
      considered as having partial GH deficiency. The growth-stimulating activity of
      serum was measured by its effect at concentrations 0.03 to 1.25% upon thymidine
      incorporation into lectin-activated normal human lymphocytes, named thymidine
      activity (TA). In patients with complete GH deficiency, the pre-treatment TA was
      positively correlated with the peak response of GH to stimulation tests. The
      increase of TA after 3-4 days of hGH treatment was positively correlated with the
      pretreatment TA level, and negatively correlated with the peak GH level. The
      effect of a 6-12 months therapeutic course of hGH upon the growth rate was
      positively correlated with the acute increase of TA. No such correlations were
      found in patients with partial GH deficiency. Many works have discussed the
      relationship of acute somatomedin responses and long-term clinical results of
      treatment with hGH in GH-deficient children. The present data, using a highly
      sensitive bioassay of serum stimulating activity, suggest that the degree of GH
      deficiency is an important factor to be considered. The response of GH-dependent
      serum growth factors to acute treatment with hGH could have more predictive value
      in cases with total lack of growth hormone than in cases of partial deficiency.

PMID- 3710422
TI  - Effect of HCG injection on glucose and lactate turn-over during prolonged
      physical exercise and fasting in rats.

PMID- 3710423
TI  - Temperature-induced hyperprolactinemia during exercise.

PMID- 3710424
TI  - The prognosis of chronic active hepatitis without cirrhosis in relation to
      bridging necrosis.
AB  - Sixty-nine patients with chronic active hepatitis without cirrhosis were studied
      to define the prognostic implications of bridging necrosis of various types.
      There were 19 patients without bridging necrosis compared with 50 patients with
      bridging necrosis. The two groups did not differ significantly at presentation in
      age, sex, clinical or laboratory features. In the group without bridging
      necrosis, no patient died from the disease and none of 13 having a later biopsy
      developed cirrhosis. In the group with bridging necrosis, one patient died from
      hepatic failure and 7 of 36 developed cirrhosis (19%). When analyzed
      statistically, a significant (p less than 0.05) relationship is seen between
      increasing severity of initial lesion and the subsequent development of
      cirrhosis. It is concluded that patients with piecemeal necrosis without bridging
      should not be grouped together with patients with bridging necrosis or cirrhosis
      when considering management decisions.

PMID- 3710425
TI  - Prevention of maternal-infant hepatitis B virus transmission by immunization: the
      role of serum hepatitis B virus DNA.
AB  - Sera from 108 HBsAg carrier mothers at delivery and their respective offspring at
      birth and at 6 months of age were examined for hepatitis B virus DNA by the dot
      blot hybridization technique. Hepatitis B virus DNA was detected in 83% of 88
      carrier mothers who were HBeAg positive, and in 10% of 20 carrier mothers who
      were HBeAg negative. All five infants born to HBeAg-positive carrier mothers with
      hepatitis B virus DNA levels over 80 pg per 10 microliters of serum were infected
      by hepatitis B virus, in spite of receiving hepatitis B immunization. All 17
      infants without hepatitis B immunization who were born to HBeAg and hepatitis B
      virus DNA-positive carrier mothers developed hepatitis B virus infection. Of 56
      infants born to HBeAg and hepatitis B virus DNA-positive carrier mothers and who
      had received hepatitis B immunization, a higher hepatitis B virus infection rate
      was found in a group of infants whose sera hepatitis B virus DNA were positive
      (15/16, 93.8%) than in infants whose sera were negative (17/40, 42.5%) at birth
      (p less than 0.0005). These data suggest that the assay for hepatitis B virus DNA
      in sera of HBsAg carrier mothers at delivery or their infants at birth will
      predict the efficacy of hepatitis B immunization for prevention of maternal
      infant hepatitis B virus transmission.

PMID- 3710426
TI  - The mechanism of elevated alkaline phosphatase activity after bile duct ligation
      in the rat.
AB  - Alkaline phosphatase activity in the liver and intestine increases after bile
      duct ligation, reportedly by increased enzyme synthesis. To ascertain the
      mechanism of this increased synthesis in the absence of a cDNA clone encoding the
      enzyme, we have estimated the concentration of liver and intestinal alkaline
      phosphatase mRNA by translational analysis. Monospecific antiserum to rat
      placental alkaline phosphatase was raised. The resulting antiserum precipitated
      two peptides of 53 and 56 kd after translation of liver poly(A) + RNA. The
      precipitation of both peptides was blocked by the single 64 kd placental alkaline
      phosphatase. Processing of the cell-free products by microsomal membranes
      produced peptides of 62 and 64 kd. Antiserum to rat intestinal alkaline
      phosphatase also identified two peptides as products of intestinal RNA
      translation. After bile duct ligation, we confirmed a transient 2-fold increase
      in alkaline phosphatase activity in the intestine and a more constant 7-fold
      increase in the liver. However, the alkaline phosphatase mRNA concentration
      remained unchanged in both organs. We conclude that increased alkaline
      phosphatase synthesis after bile duct ligation results from an enhanced rate of
      translation of mRNA.

PMID- 3710427
TI  - Serum hyaluronate in liver diseases: study by enzymoimmunological assay.
AB  - It has been suggested that glycosaminoglycans are involved in the pathogenesis of
      liver fibrosis. Furthermore, recent studies have reported that one of them,
      hyaluronate, was mainly taken up and degraded by the liver. Using an
      enzymoimmunological assay, based on hyaluronate-hyaluronectin interaction, serum
      levels of hyaluronate were measured in 113 patients with various liver diseases.
      Patients were divided into six groups according to clinical, biological and
      histological data: Group 1-alcoholic cirrhosis (n = 47) including alcoholic
      cirrhosis with alcoholic hepatitis (n = 24); Group 2-primary biliary cirrhosis (n
      = 21); Group 3-cirrhosis related to viral hepatitis (n = 10); Group 4-idiopathic
      hemochromatosis (n = 17); Group 5-alcoholic fatty liver (n = 8); and Group 6
      viral or drug acute hepatitis (n = 10). Ninety-four blood donors were studied as
      controls. Levels of hyaluronate were found to be strikingly elevated in Group 1
      (1,225 +/- 1,137 micrograms per liter), Group 2 (792 +/- 739 micrograms per
      liter), Group 3 (649 +/- 373 micrograms per liter), and Group 4 (246 +/- 242
      micrograms per liter), whereas patients in Group 5 (94 +/- 63 micrograms per
      liter) and Group 6 (73 +/- 57 micrograms per liter) had values close to controls
      (23 +/- 17 micrograms per liter). There was a significant correlation between
      serum hyaluronate and serum albumin, prothrombin time, factor V concentration and
      serum gamma-globulins. It is suggested that hyaluronate levels reflect both
      active fibrosis and hepatic failure and may be a quantitative marker of severity
      of hepatic injury.

PMID- 3710428
TI  - Diuresis of cirrhotic ascites increases its opsonic activity and may help prevent
      spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.
AB  - Serial ascitic fluid samples were obtained during diuresis in seven patients with
      portal hypertension-related ascites. The samples were tested for concentrations
      of total protein, CH100, C3 and C4 as well as for in vitro opsonic activity.
      These parameters were all found to increase to a statistically significant degree
      when the initial specimen was compared to the final specimen: total protein = 1.5
      vs. 2.7 gm per dl; CH100 = 9.3 vs. 20.2 units per ml; C3 = 13.4 vs. 23.8 mg per
      dl; C4 = 1.9 vs. 3.6 mg per dl, and opsonic activity = 0.8 vs. 1.9 log kill. This
      increased opsonic activity resulted in a greater than 10-fold increase in
      bacterial killing. This study demonstrates that diuresis of patients with
      cirrhotic ascites increases the concentrations of ascitic fluid complement
      components and increases the opsonic activity of ascitic fluid and may help
      protect patients from bacterial infection of their ascites.

PMID- 3710429
TI  - Hemodynamic studies in long- and short-term portal hypertensive rats: the
      relation to systemic glucagon levels.
AB  - It is not known whether the hyperdynamic state which has been observed in several
      experimental models and in patients with portal hypertension reflects a temporary
      phase during the evolution of the portal hypertensive syndrome or is an
      expression of a permanent steady state. A hemodynamic study was performed in a
      group of rats with long-standing portal hypertension induced by portal vein
      constriction performed 6.2 +/- 0.1 months earlier. A group of rats matched by age
      and weight with short-term (20.7 +/- 0.9 days) portal hypertension and a group of
      long-term (6.2 +/- 0.1 months) sham-operated rats were used as controls. Cardiac
      output and regional blood flows were measured using a radioactive microsphere
      technique. Arterial blood levels of glucagon, a known vasodilator that was
      implicated in the etiology of the hyperdynamic circulation, were also measured.
      Portal pressure in long- and short-term portal hypertensive groups (12.3 +/- 0.4
      and 13.7 +/- 0.4 mm Hg; not statistically significant) was higher than in the
      sham group (9.0 +/- 0.3 mm Hg; p less than 0.01). Cardiac output in the long-term
      portal hypertensive rats was similar to the sham-operated group and lower than in
      the short-term portal hypertensive group (19.4 +/- 1.0 and 20.6 +/- 1.5 vs. 32.7
      +/- 2.0 ml X min-1 X 100 gm body weight-1; p less than 0.01). Portal venous
      inflow in the long-term portal hypertensive group was also similar to the sham
      group and lower than in the short-term portal hypertensive group (4.51 +/- 0.36
      and 4.58 +/- 0.39 vs. 6.72 +/- 0.48 ml X min-1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3710430
TI  - The hemodynamic effect of verapamil on portal hypertension in patients with
      postnecrotic cirrhosis.
AB  - Wedged hepatic venous pressure, free hepatic venous pressure and cardiac index
      were measured before and 1 hr after i.v. administration as well as 1 month and 3
      months after chronic oral administration of verapamil in 10 patients with HBsAg
      positive cirrhosis. The gradient between wedged hepatic venous pressure and free
      hepatic venous pressure was decreased 14% at 1 hr after i.v. administration of 10
      mg verapamil, and the sustained decrease in hepatic venous pressure gradient was
      also demonstrated in the patients after 1 month, and in six patients after 3
      months of continuous oral administration of verapamil. The mean arterial pressure
      significantly decreased (p less than 0.01) 1 hr after the administration of
      verapamil. There was no significant change in other hemodynamic values. We
      conclude that chronic oral administration of verapamil can reduce the hepatic
      venous pressure gradient in patients with compensated HBsAg-positive cirrhosis
      and portal hypertension.

PMID- 3710431
TI  - The ontogeny of liver copper metabolism in the guinea pig: clues to the etiology
      of Wilson's disease.
AB  - The normal human neonate has a copper profile indistinguishable from Wilson's
      disease, and we have previously postulated that this disease is caused by genetic
      failure to switch from the fetal to adult mode of copper metabolism. This study
      validates the developing guinea pig as a suitable animal in which to study copper
      ontogeny. At birth, liver copper concentrations are 7 times higher than in adults
      and serum copper and ceruloplasmin are 27 and 21% of adult values, respectively.
      A 53% fall in liver copper occurs in the 4 days after birth. This is associated
      with a marked increase in bile copper output, which does not parallel increasing
      bile flow. Liver copper falls, and serum copper and ceruloplasmin increase to
      near adult levels in the 30 days after birth. Until the sixtieth day of
      gestation, liver copper was significantly increased in copper-stressed
      littermates, although paradoxically at birth, concentrations were significantly
      lower. In copper-stressed fetal animals, bile copper output increased markedly
      before birth. Metallothionein was the dominant copper-binding protein in the
      fetal liver but a minor component in the adult. Superoxide dismutase activity
      only developed after birth. We conclude that the postnatal switch from the fetal
      to adult mode of copper metabolism involves activation of biliary excretion and
      ceruloplasmin export as well as changes in the association of copper with hepatic
      copper proteins. Similarities between the fetus and Wilson's disease suggest that
      this disease is caused by failure of this postnatal adaptation process.

PMID- 3710432
TI  - Cytosolic bile acid binding protein in rat liver: radioimmunoassay, molecular
      forms, developmental characteristics and organ distribution.
AB  - Rat liver efficiently extracts bile acids from the portal blood and rapidly
      excretes them into bile. Little is known about the process by which bile acids
      traverse the liver cell from the sinusoidal to the canalicular membrane. In order
      to begin to define this process, we recently identified a pair of similar
      monomeric (33 kilodalton) cytosolic bile acid binding proteins (bile acid binders
      I and II, J. Biol. Chem. 1983; 258:3602-3607, Abstract). These bile acid binders
      have comparable binding affinities for bile acid as the YaYa and YaYc members of
      the family of glutathione S-transferases, the previously recognized cytoplasmic
      bile acid binding protein. We now report the establishment of a sensitive and
      specific radioimmunoassay which equally detects both bile acid binders I and II.
      Specificity of the antiserum was verified by the co-purification of bile acid
      binder immunoreactivity with the bile acid binders. Liver contained the greatest
      concentration of bile acid binder, where it constituted 0.33% of the total
      cytosolic proteins. Phenobarbital administration and lithocholate feeding had no
      significant effect on hepatic bile acid binder content. Examination of the
      ontogeny of bile acid binder revealed a rapid increase after birth to near adult
      levels by Day 14. In summary, we have established a sensitive radioimmunoassay
      for the bile acid binders. Its localization mainly in liver and its increase
      after birth parallel bile acid transport in the liver.

PMID- 3710433
TI  - Hepatic transport of fluorescent molecules: in vivo studies using intravital TV
      microscopy.
AB  - Experiments were undertaken to evaluate the role of intravital epifluorescent TV
      microscopy in the study of the hepatic transport of sodium fluorescein and
      fluorescently labeled sodium glycocholate in rats and hamsters. It was found that
      the apparent sinusoid to canaliculus transport time for fluorescently labeled
      sodium glycocholate was only half of that for sodium fluorescein, 0.50 and 0.92
      sec, respectively. The sinusoid to bile transport time was 35 sec for
      fluorescently labeled sodium glycocholate and 90 sec for sodium fluorescein.
      There were also marked differences in zonal clearance of these two substances.
      Sodium fluorescein was removed from Zone 1 much faster than from Zone 3, while
      fluorescently labeled sodium glycocholate was cleared at the same rate by
      hepatocytes in all three acinar zones. This study provides direct evidence that
      there are zonal differences in hepatic transport rates for certain compounds. It
      also demonstrates that epifluorescent TV microscopy has the potential to provide
      quantitative data on the transport rates of bile acids and other molecules into,
      through and out of the liver.

PMID- 3710434
TI  - The fasting B6 vitamer profile and response to a pyridoxine load in normal and
      cirrhotic subjects.
AB  - This study established the fasting plasma and urine profiles of vitamin B6 in
      cirrhotics and assessed the response to an oral dose of pyridoxine. High
      performance liquid chromatography was used to measure all vitameric coenzymatic
      and degradatory forms. In 31 patients with cirrhosis and 15 healthy controls,
      fasting plasma and 24-hr urine collection showed: plasma pyridoxal-5'-phosphate,
      the biologically active form, was significantly (p less than 0.001) reduced in
      cirrhotics (mean +/- S.D.: 5.7 +/- 3.2 ng per ml) compared to normals (14.2 +/-
      7.5 ng per ml); plasma pyridoxal was detected in more cirrhotics (48%) than
      normals (28%); pyridoxic acid, the end catabolite, was significantly (p less than
      0.05) lower in plasma of cirrhotics compared to normals, but 24-hr urine
      excretion was not different. Administration of 25 mg of pyridoxine to 7
      cirrhotics and 5 normals showed the following plasma changes: pyridoxine rapidly
      peaked at 30 min and was totally cleared from plasma by 3 hr; plasma pyridoxal
      and pyridoxic acid increased in parallel up to 40-fold over baseline by 1 to 2 hr
      and rapidly fell toward baseline by 8 hr, and plasma pyridoxal-5'-phosphate, in
      contrast, increased significantly (p less than 0.05) from baseline by 60 min and
      was maintained above normal for 24 hr. The area under the plasma concentration
      vs. time curve (AUC) for pyridoxal-5'-phosphate was significantly (p less than
      0.05) less for the cirrhotics than normals and showed a significant negative
      correlation to hepatocyte function and blood flow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3710435
TI  - Effect of experimental liver disease on the utilization for protein synthesis of
      orally administered alpha-ketoisocaproate.
AB  - The incorporation of orally administered 1-14C-alpha-ketoisocaproate into the
      leucine of proteins in rats was compared with the incorporation of [3H]leucine
      itself administered simultaneously and expressed as a ratio, R. This ratio in
      whole body protein has been shown to be approximately equal to the nutritional
      efficiency of alpha-ketoisocaproate as a dietary substitute for leucine. In
      normal rats on a 14% protein diet, R in whole body protein (0.30 +/- 0.01) and in
      the protein of various organs was the same whether the isotopes were given by
      single injection or 6-hr constant infusion. Thus, both techniques yield the same
      time-independent parameter, R, which measures the relative efficiency of alpha
      ketoisocaproate as a substitute for leucine. R varied between organs as follows:
      liver (0.22 +/- 0.01) less than kidney less than heart less than salivary gland
      less than brain less than muscle (0.42 +/- 0.01). In rats with galactosamine
      induced acute liver failure (Group I), carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis
      (Group II), or portal-systemic shunts (Group III), whole body protein R and R in
      the protein of organs other than the liver was generally increased compared with
      controls, as was R in circulating IgG in Group III; R in liver protein was
      unchanged (Groups II and III) or slightly lower than controls (Group I). Thus,
      severe liver disease and portal-systemic shunting both increase the utilization
      of alpha-ketoisocaproate for synthesis of protein in the body as a whole and in
      most organs. In the liver, however, alpha-ketoisocaproate utilization for protein
      synthesis is unaffected or slightly reduced.

PMID- 3710436
TI  - Composition of pigmented centers of cholesterol gallstones.
AB  - Most cholesterol gallstones have visually pigmented centers, but it is unclear
      whether this represents simple co-precipitation of pigment with cholesterol
      during stone nidation or nidation on a true pigment stone center. To clarify this
      issue, we selected from among 67 sets of cholesterol gallstones, 12 sets with the
      most conspicuously pigmented centers. The composition of the centers and the
      peripheries of these 12 stones was analyzed using infrared spectroscopy and
      compared with that of 10 black pigment gallstones. The pigmented centers of
      cholesterol stones contained 80.1 +/- 7.9% (mean +/- S.E.) cholesterol, 6.2 +/-
      3.4% calcium bilirubinate (only 4 of the 12 centers had measurable calcium
      bilirubinate), trace amounts of calcium phosphate and no calcium carbonate or
      calcium palmitate. The peripheral areas of the cholesterol stones contained 91.6
      +/- 2.3% cholesterol and no detectable calcium salts. For comparison, the
      composition of the centers of 10 black pigment gallstones was 13.5 +/- 2.2%
      cholesterol, 28.2 +/- 5.3% calcium bilirubinate, 5.5 +/- 2.4% calcium phosphate
      and 10.6 +/- 5.8% calcium carbonate. The composition of only one cholesterol
      stone center (15.8% cholesterol, 26.8% calcium bilirubinate) resembled that of a
      pigment stone, but even this center differed from that of a typical pigment stone
      in that it contained only a trace amount of calcium phosphate and no calcium
      carbonate. Thus, the chemical composition of pigmented centers of cholesterol
      gallstones is quantitatively different from that of black pigment stones,
      suggesting that cholesterol gallstones do not form on a pigment stone nidus.

PMID- 3710437
TI  - Effect of combined treatment with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and
      phototherapy on bilirubin metabolism in the jaundiced Gunn rat.
AB  - 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, a potent inducer of microsomal cytochrome
      P448-dependent monoxygenases, and phototherapy both accelerate bilirubin
      metabolism and decrease jaundice in Gunn rats. The effects of combined treatment
      with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and light were studied in these rats by
      applying phototherapy for 65 hr, beginning 5 days after induction with 2,3,7,8
      tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin pretreatment
      caused a 75% decline in plasma bilirubin in 5 days, with no change thereafter,
      whether or not the rats were exposed subsequently to phototherapy. In the
      uninduced rats, plasma bilirubin levels declined by 55% after 40 hr of
      phototherapy. As determined by [14C]bilirubin kinetics, both 2,3,7,8
      tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and phototherapy increased fractional bilirubin
      turnover and decreased the total bilirubin pool. In the 2,3,7,8
      tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced rats, the contracted bilirubin pool shifted
      from skin to liver, but these tissue pools did not change further during
      phototherapy. By contrast, in uninduced rats, phototherapy decreased the
      cutaneous bilirubin pool, which is the main target of phototherapy. 2,3,7,8
      Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin was more effective than phototherapy in diminishing
      plasma bilirubin levels and the total bilirubin pool, but the combined treatment
      (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin followed by phototherapy) was no more
      effective than 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin alone.

PMID- 3710438
TI  - The initial morphologic lesion in chronic hepatitis, important or unimportant?

PMID- 3710439
TI  - Serum alkaline phosphatase--another piece is added to the puzzle.

PMID- 3710440
TI  - Opsonic activity of human ascitic fluid.

PMID- 3710441
TI  - Malignant melanoma of the conjunctiva.
AB  - The clinicopathological features of 37 patients with invasive melanoma of the
      conjunctiva have been studied. Prognosis was closely related to the subsite and
      size of the primary tumour. Twenty of 21 patients with small localized bulbar
      neoplasms (95%) and four of six patients with diffuse bulbar melanomas (67%) have
      survived with no evidence of secondary spread. By contrast, only one of six
      patients with neoplasms involving the fornix (17%) and two of four (50%) with
      caruncular melanomas have survived. Metastatic spread was very uncommon in
      patients with melanomas less than 1.5 mm in maximum thickness, but the outcome of
      the disease in patients with tumours greater than 1.5 mm was not always bad.
      Treatment by local excision biopsy was followed by a high rate of conjunctival
      recurrence (59%). Exenteration of the affected eye guarded against the
      development of further orbital disease, but was not infrequently followed by the
      appearance of metastases. Many (62%) of the tumours appeared to have arisen in a
      pre-existing melanotic lesion or pigmented naevus of long-standing.
      Histologically, the tumours could be divided into those with an adjacent intra
      epithelial component, manifest as atypical melanocytic hyperplasia in the
      conjunctival epithelium adjacent to the invasive melanoma, and those without
      (nodular melanoma). However, clear separation of the former group into the
      subtypes described for cutaneous melanomas proved impossible. Prognosis was not
      related to the type of melanoma, mitotic rate, cell type or degree of
      pigmentation.

PMID- 3710442
TI  - Taking care of business? Tailor products.

PMID- 3710443
TI  - Business reviews hospital capital spending.

PMID- 3710444
TI  - Is there life after tax-exempt financing?

PMID- 3710445
TI  - FHA's hospital program useful despite 'bum rap'.

PMID- 3710446
TI  - Pooling provides capital despite political problems.

PMID- 3710447
TI  - Want return on capital investment? Market.

PMID- 3710448
TI  - Western region ripe for repeat health buyers.

PMID- 3710449
TI  - HMO advertising in Twin Cities gets even hotter.

PMID- 3710450
TI  - HMO start-ups cost big money, experts say.

PMID- 3710451
TI  - Many sources meet capital needs of ambulatory care: consultants.

PMID- 3710452
TI  - Physician house calls: a return to an old remedy?

PMID- 3710453
TI  - Tracking capital costs by product line is key.

PMID- 3710455
TI  - Buying locally makes PR and marketing points.

PMID- 3710454
TI  - States hinder conversions to nonacute care.

PMID- 3710456
TI  - Fear of tax reform spurs financing creativity.

PMID- 3710457
TI  - Long life charted for continuing care communities.

PMID- 3710458
TI  - Planning agencies' futures, funds uncertain.

PMID- 3710459
TI  - Serogenetic studies in Gypsy Sikligars of Northwestern India.

PMID- 3710460
TI  - Seasonal variation in hemoglobin concentration in non-agricultural populations
      under various climatic conditions.

PMID- 3710461
TI  - Hemoglobin levels among Japanese farmers: with special reference to climate and
      work intensity.

PMID- 3710462
TI  - Urinary catecholamines and stress in male and female police cadets.

PMID- 3710463
TI  - Parameters of the force-velocity curve of human muscle in relation to body
      dimensions.

PMID- 3710464
TI  - Termination of menstrual life in mothers of twins.

PMID- 3710465
TI  - An anthropometric study of pulmonary tuberculosis patients from Taung,
      Bophuthatswana, South Africa.

PMID- 3710466
TI  - Body composition, food intake, cardirespiratory fitness, blood lipids and
      psychological development in highly active and inactive preschool children.

PMID- 3710467
TI  - Parameterizing abridged mortality tables: the Siler three-component hazard model.

PMID- 3710468
TI  - Secular trend of female body shape in Japan.

PMID- 3710469
TI  - Chaos and the new order.

PMID- 3710470
TI  - Acquired coronary arterial aneurysms: an autopsy study of 52 patients.
AB  - In the past decade most studies of coronary arterial aneurysms have been
      clinical; few have focused on morphology and etiopathogenesis. The subjects of
      the present autopsy study were 52 patients, 5 months to 80 years of age, with
      coronary arterial aneurysms. Patients were divided into two groups: 38 with
      atherosclerotic coronary aneurysms and 14 with aneurysms secondary to
      inflammation. Of the 38 patients with atherosclerotic aneurysms, 20 (53 per cent)
      had histories of ischemic heart disease; the aneurysms were in the right coronary
      artery in 18 (47 per cent), the left coronary artery in 13 (35 per cent), and in
      the right and left coronary arteries in seven (18 per cent). Of the four major
      coronary arteries, the average number of severely narrowed arteries (reduction of
      more than 75 per cent) in cross-sectional luminal area) was 1.8/patient; aortic
      aneurysms were present in eight of these patients (24 per cent). Of the 14
      patients with coronary aneurysms secondary to inflammation, four had histories of
      ischemic heart disease; 10 had histories of an influenza-like syndrome. Isolated
      left coronary arterial aneurysms were seen in six of these patients (43 per
      cent), while eight (51 per cent) had multiple right and left coronary arterial
      aneurysms. The average number of severely narrowed coronary arteries in this
      group was 1.5/patient, and only one patient had an aortic aneurysm. Therefore,
      patients with atherosclerotic aneurysms are more often symptomatic; they have
      increased heart weights and equal numbers of coronary arterial aneurysms in the
      right and left vessels, and the majority (89 per cent) have single aneurysms with
      thrombi in the lumen. Patients with coronary arterial aneurysms secondary to
      inflammation are younger; the majority of these patients have a prodromal
      influenza-like syndrome, a low incidence of ischemic heart disease, and multiple
      coronary arterial aneurysms.

PMID- 3710471
TI  - Ectopic gastrinoma and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
AB  - In Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES), the discovery of gastrinomas in unusual
      locations, such as a lymph node, poses a diagnostic problem centered on whether
      the neoplasm is primary or metastatic. The clinical, gross, microscopic,
      immunocytochemical, and ultrastructural features of ectopic gastrinomas were
      studied in four patients with ZES, and reports of 14 similar cases were reviewed.
      These extragastroenteropancreatic (EGEP) gastrinomas have many of the morphologic
      features of gastrinomas in conventional locations. However, the centrifugal
      expansile growth pattern, characterized by a thick fibrous capsule, hyalinized
      fibrous septa, and, frequently, cystic degenerative changes in EGEP gastrinomas
      should alert the pathologist to the probability that these neoplasms are primary.
      Additional evidence for the primary nature of these EGEP gastrinomas is derived
      from the postoperative normalization of high serum gastrin levels and the
      correction of the abnormal gastrin response to secretin challenge or to calcium
      infusion tests. Increased awareness of the occurrence and features of these EGEP
      gastrinomas is crucial for both pathologists and surgeons to ensure proper
      evaluation and treatment of patients with ZES.

PMID- 3710472
TI  - Enteritis cystica profunda: association with Crohn's disease.
AB  - Enteritis cystica profunda (ECP), an uncommon condition, is characterized by
      nonneoplastic cystic spaces within the wall of the small bowel. The cases of two
      patients who had ECP in association with Crohn's disease are reported, and the
      role of mucosal damage in the pathogenesis of ECP is discussed. Pathologists must
      recognize this entity and distinguish it from adenocarcinoma, which may arise
      with increased frequency in the small bowel in patients with Crohn's disease.

PMID- 3710473
TI  - Allergic angiitis and granulomatosis (Churg-Strauss syndrome): report of a case
      with massive thymic involvement in a nonasthmatic patient.
AB  - A 14-year-old nonasthmatic boy who presented with multiple skin lesions and a
      mediastinal tumor was found to have allergic angiitis and granulomatosis (AAG)
      (Churg-Strauss syndrome), with prominent involvement of the thymus. The
      occurrence of AAG in the thymus merits recognition because of possible confusion
      with a variety of other lesions characterized by proliferation of histiocytes and
      tissue eosinophilia that affect this organ. In addition, this case illustrates
      that the absence of asthma should not be used as a definitive criterion for
      exclusion of the diagnosis of AAG.

PMID- 3710474
TI  - Juvenile polyps and carcinoma.

PMID- 3710476
TI  - The pathologist in the courtroom.

PMID- 3710475
TI  - Phenotype of leukemic cells.

PMID- 3710477
TI  - Pulmonary lesions in children with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a
      reappraisal based on data in additional cases and follow-up study of previously
      reported cases.

PMID- 3710478
TI  - Familial lethal sleep apnea.
AB  - Three of six siblings presented with sleep apnea between 18 and 26 months of age.
      Twin females and a male had normal growth and development without antecedent
      neurologic or apparent metabolic disorder. The females presented at 25 and 27
      months respectively with irregular respiration and episodes of apnea. Twin A
      succumbed to an apneic episode while sleeping. Central sleep apnea was diagnosed
      in twin B at the Stanford Sleep Clinic. She died following an apneic episode
      three months after evaluation. The male presented at 18 months with fatal sleep
      apnea. A fourth child was evaluated for sleep apnea at 7 weeks of age with
      several hospitalizations before her death at 31 months. She and remaining family
      members were extensively studied for inherited neurologic disorders including
      subacute necrotizing encephalomyopathy (SANE, Leigh disease). This family with
      lethal sleep apnea presents an association with SANE with minimal neurologic
      signs and symptoms and neuropathologic involvement. Lesions were confined to the
      respiratory centers of the lower brain stem, making sleep apnea explicable. This
      child and family members tested positive or borderline for inhibitor substance
      thiamine triphosphate (TTP). All testing for TTP inhibitor substance was
      performed in Professor Jack R. Cooper's laboratory, Department of Pharmacology,
      Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn. These cases present an
      interesting and instructive lesson emphasizing the need for extensive evaluation
      of children with unsuspected sleep apnea with early demise.

PMID- 3710480
TI  - Extended polymorphism of the human esterase D isozyme system: description of a
      "new" allele EsD*11.
AB  - Using "new" techniques (malic acid thin layer agarose gel electrophoresis and/or
      isoelectric focusing), the polymorphism of the human red cell isozyme system
      esterase D (ESD) was shown to be extended. We report the gene frequencies
      observed among 312 unrelated Caucasian individuals living in the Dusseldorf area.
      The finding of a "new" allele at the ESD locus is also described.

PMID- 3710479
TI  - Premature chromosome condensation--studies on human metastatic carcinoma cells.
AB  - Utilizing the phenomenon of premature chromosome condensation (PCC) studies were
      carried out on interphase chromatin of metastatic cells from 52 cancerous
      effusions obtained from 45 patients presenting with various solid carcinomas. A
      highly individual pattern of distribution of the various interphase stages was
      detected, reflecting the heterogeneity of human solid tumors in an advanced
      stage. Nevertheless a variety of clinical, biologic, and technical factors were
      examined for their possible influence on these PCC patterns. The duration in
      culture was one of the influencing factors, as were the time lapse between the
      first diagnosis and the sampling of the respective effusion, or the nature of
      cytostatic therapy. Cytogenetic equivalents of gene amplification, as represented
      by "double minutes", could be found in the prematurely interphase chromatin of 35
      of the 52 effusions. G1-PCC proved to be most reliable with regard to screening
      of double minutes. In addition, an adequate quality of Giemsa banding was
      achieved in PCC of 21 out of 24 effusions yielding a sufficient number of well
      spread PCC. In six of these 21 cases PCC was superior to metaphase analysis in
      obtaining karyotypes, while the same was true for 14 of the 52 effusions screened
      for double minutes. Thus the PCC technique was shown to be an indispensable
      additional source of cytogenetic information in cells of human solid tumors.

PMID- 3710481
TI  - An integrated display for vertical and translational flight: eight factors
      affecting pilot performance.

PMID- 3710482
TI  - Multimodal detection and recognition performance of sonar operators.

PMID- 3710483
TI  - The prediction of target detection underwater: some limitations of a visibility
      model.

PMID- 3710484
TI  - Optimal colors, phosphors, and illuminant characteristics of CRT displays: the
      algorithmic approach.

PMID- 3710485
TI  - The effects of set size on color matching using CRT displays.

PMID- 3710486
TI  - Reading from microfiche, a VDT, and the printed page: subjective fatigue and
      performance.

PMID- 3710487
TI  - Intermittent illumination from visual display units and fluorescent lighting
      affects movements of the eyes across text.

PMID- 3710488
TI  - Daylight conspicuity of reversible-lane signal systems.

PMID- 3710489
TI  - Perception-response time to unexpected roadway hazards.

PMID- 3710491
TI  - Unprovable verities.

PMID- 3710490
TI  - Chinese population stereotypes: color associations.

PMID- 3710492
TI  - Adverse drug reactions.

PMID- 3710493
TI  - Multicompartment kinetic models for the metabolism of americium, plutonium and
      uranium in rats.
AB  - To examine the kinetic behaviour of americium, plutonium and uranium in the
      different organs of male and female rats an extended mammillary model has been
      developed; the model is composed of 10 compartments connected with 17 linear
      transfer coefficients. The 10 compartments describe the behaviour of the three
      nuclides in the blood, skeleton, liver and kidney, whereas the remaining activity
      is assigned to one residual organ. Each organ is divided into two compartments, a
      short- and long-term compartment. Morphologically, in the skeleton the short-term
      compartment has been assumed to be the bone surface and bone marrow and the long
      term compartment to be the deep bone, whereas in the liver there is some evidence
      to suggest that the short-term compartment is physiologically associated with
      lysosomes and the long-term compartment is identical with telolysosomes. The
      influence of age, sex and different nuclides on the transfer coefficients and the
      absorbed radiation dose have been discussed. Additionally, by using the transfer
      coefficients calculated for intravenous injection, the behaviour of the nuclides
      in skeleton and liver during continuous intake has been calculated. As a second
      example of the application of the model the behaviour of the three nuclides in
      skeleton and liver after intravenous injection has been calculated with the
      additional assumption that from the fifth day on the animals were treated
      continuously with a chelating agent.

PMID- 3710494
TI  - Smoking and carboxyhaemoglobin concentrations in mothers and their newborn
      infants.
AB  - There were significantly higher carboxyhaemoglobin blood concentrations in
      mothers who were smokers than those in mothers who were non-smokers and ex
      smokers (P less than 0.001). Carboxyhaemoglobin blood concentrations in newborn
      infants were nearly one-third higher than those in their mothers. Newborn infants
      from mothers who smoked had lower birthweights and higher carboxyhaemoglobin
      blood concentrations than those in newborn infants from mothers who were non
      smokers and ex-smokers. Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk for a baby.
      This finding shows the importance of women giving up smoking during pregnancy.

PMID- 3710495
TI  - Coma and metabolic acidosis early in severe acute paracetamol poisoning.
AB  - Coma and profound metabolic acidosis early in acute paracetamol poisoning have
      been described in three patients. Of five further patients (four female, one
      male, aged 17-80 years) with severe poisoning (plasma paracetamol concentration
      greater than 800 mg/l, 4-12 h postingestion), four were deeply unconscious on
      admission and two had a severe metabolic acidosis. Signs of hepatorenal damage
      were minimal and no additional poisons were detected except salicylates (plasma
      concentration 290 mg/l) in one instance. Plasma paracetamol half-lives were
      prolonged (median 9.4 h, range 4.8-39 h) and one patient sustained massive
      hepatic damage and a further patient died despite treatment with intravenous
      acetylcysteine. Paracetamol poisoning, when associated with exceptionally high
      plasma concentrations, can give rise to coma and metabolic acidosis in the
      absence of hepatic failure or other drugs. Although unusual, other such
      presentations may not have been recognized because a toxicology screen was not
      performed.

PMID- 3710496
TI  - Diurnal variation of serum copper and zinc in epileptics receiving anti
      convulsants.
AB  - Serial measurements of copper and zinc concentrations in serum were made at
      06.00, 14.00, 22.00 and again at 06.00 hours in 37 male patients with epilepsy,
      aged between 9 and 19 years. Anticonvulsant drugs were administered at 08.00 and
      20.00 hours, and standard hospital meals were allowed at 07.30, 12.00, 16.00 and
      19.00 hours. Similar to our previous results, eight patients (21.6%) had serum
      copper levels greater than the reference range (11.0-20.5 mumol/l) and this
      hypercupraemia was associated with carbamazapine and/or phenytoin medication. No
      diurnal variation in serum copper level was observed. Serum copper concentration
      had no correlation with either 24 h urinary copper excretion or serum anti
      convulsant drug levels. Serum zinc concentrations were within the reference range
      (10-16.5 mumol/l), confirming our previous report. No relation with anti
      convulsant medication or serum copper levels was found. Diurnal variations in
      serum zinc levels with peak and trough concentrations at 06.00 and 14.00 hours,
      respectively, were observed. It is proposed that these variations in serum zinc
      concentrations are a normal physiological process and is unlikely to be related
      to anti-convulsant drugs or epilepsy.

PMID- 3710497
TI  - Analysis of factors responsible for continuing mortality after paracetamol
      overdose.
AB  - To determine reasons for the continuing mortality in patients taking a
      paracetamol overdose, the presentation, drug ingestion history, patient
      background, use of antidote (N-acetylcysteine and methionine), clinical course
      and outcome were determined in 247 patients treated at King's College Hospital in
      1982 and 1983. Patients (147) were referred from other centres because of severe
      liver damage and 100 were local patients seen in the accident and emergency
      department. Survival in the local patients was 100% and, for those with severe
      liver damage, 49 and 63% (1982 and 1983 values). Delay in initial presentation to
      hospital was a major factor in determination of an adverse outcome, with a median
      delay of 30 h in the referred patients and 8 h in the local cases. Such a delay
      precluded administration of antidote to the majority of patients in the referred
      group, but in 11 cases where antidote could have been given a full course was not
      provided and all 11 patients died. Included among these were four patients in
      whom the serum paracetamol concentration was in the 'non-toxic' range. One
      patient with a chronic alcohol-drinking history (greater than 200 g/day) received
      N-acetylcysteine at 12 h but died from liver failure. However, in the complete
      series prior alcohol consumption was not associated with a significantly worse
      prognosis and simultaneous ingestion of alcohol with paracetamol had no effect on
      outcome. The concomitant ingestion of dextropropoxyphene caused an early and
      marked impairment of consciousness unrelated to any hepatotoxicity but, in three
      cases where dextropropoxyphene combinations were used, death occurred
      subsequently from liver failure.

PMID- 3710498
TI  - Toxicological studies in a Distalgesic addict.
AB  - The disposition and kinetics of paracetamol, dextropropoxyphene and their
      metabolites were investigated in an addict who claimed to be taking 80-100
      Distalgesic tablets daily regularly. Plasma concentrations of paracetamol,
      dextropropoxyphene and their principal metabolites were measured after an oral
      dose of 15 Distalgesic tablets. The absorption of paracetamol and
      dextropropoxyphene was rapid with peak plasma concentrations at 15 and 30 min
      respectively. The elimination half-life for paracetamol was 2.3 h.
      Nordextropropoxyphene remained at steady state with very high plasma
      concentrations (5 mg/l). The urinary excretion of paracetamol and metabolites was
      not abnormal. The total recovery of paracetamol was only 31% of the dose. Apart
      from raised plasma gamma-glutamyltransferase activity there was no biochemical
      evidence for paracetamol-induced hepatocellular damage despite ingestion of 97.5
      g of paracetamol over the 11 days of the withdrawal period.

PMID- 3710499
TI  - Does alcohol absorb to activated charcoal?
AB  - Activated charcoal seldom is used in pure-alcohol poisoning since it is absorbed
      rapidly from the gut. Furthermore in early reports activated charcoal was found
      to adsorb alcohol poorly. However, in 1981 North et al. [North, D. S., Thompson,
      J. D. & Peterson, C. D. (1981). Am. J. Hosp. Pharm., 38, 864-866] demonstrated in
      dogs that charcoal given at the same time as alcohol can reduce the blood alcohol
      concentration significantly. To study whether charcoal is of value in a clinical
      situation, a randomized cross-over study in two phases was conducted. Each person
      drank 88 g of alcohol and 30 min after either 20 g of activated charcoal was
      taken or the same volume of water was drunk. There were no significant
      differences in plasma alcohol concentrations with or without charcoal.

PMID- 3710500
TI  - Can hyperbaric atmospheres be used to treat poisoning by depressant drugs?

PMID- 3710501
TI  - European proficiency testing program: 'Eurotox'.

PMID- 3710502
TI  - Inhibition of respiration in cats by ELF electric fields.

PMID- 3710503
TI  - Identification of thermal model for human tissue.

PMID- 3710504
TI  - Human body impedance and threshold currents for perception and pain for contact
      hazard analysis in the VLF-MF band.

PMID- 3710505
TI  - Individual differences in sensitivity to transient electrocutaneous stimulation.

PMID- 3710506
TI  - Somatically evoked magnetic fields in the vicinity of the neck.

PMID- 3710507
TI  - Real-time fetal ECG recording.

PMID- 3710508
TI  - Automatic elimination of electrode-pop artifacts in EEG's.

PMID- 3710509
TI  - Dielectric properties of VX-2 carcinoma versus normal liver tissue.

PMID- 3710511
TI  - Characterization of flow in intravenous catheters.

PMID- 3710510
TI  - A simple coaxial exposure cell for biological substances.

PMID- 3710512
TI  - Identification of stochastic multicompartmental models in tracer kinetics
      experiments.

PMID- 3710513
TI  - Influence of temperature probe sheathing materials during ultrasonic heating.

PMID- 3710514
TI  - [Clinical significance, epidemiology and laboratory diagnosis of Campylobacter
      pyloridis].
AB  - In 1983, bacteriological examinations of gastric epithelium isolated a new
      species of bacteria, the so-called Campylobacter pyloridis. These bacteria were
      found in 50% of the gastroscopic examinations from patients with dyseptic
      disorders. C. pyloridis is a gram-negative curved bacterium. Up to now it has
      been found on the surface of the human gastric epithelium. C. pyloridis is rarely
      isolated from the healthy gastric epithelium. The gastric epithelium containing
      C. pyloridis mostly suffers from inflammatory infiltration or from pathological
      changes like chronic gastritis of type B. The route of infection is unknown. C.
      pyloridis has not yet been isolated outside of the human stomach. For laboratory
      diagnosis of a disease caused by C. pyloridis, the bacterium has to be isolated
      from gastric bioptic specimen. Another possibility is to check for high serum
      antibody levels against C. pyloridis. Direct microscopic examinations of gastric
      epithelium are also possible. The positive urease test is the main criterion to
      differentiate C. pyloridis from other human pathogenic campylobacter species. As
      therapeutic agents are recommended: bismuthates, amoxicillin, furazolidone and
      tinidazole. These agents are able to eliminate C. pyloridis from gastric
      epithelium and to fade away the gastritis.

PMID- 3710515
TI  - [Immunomodulating therapy of collagen diseases].
AB  - The treatment of connective tissue disorders still proves problematic. Most forms
      of therapy are based on empirical data because of a lack of specified therapy
      regimes. The time period, during which controlled studies have been performed,
      was brief. Furthermore, the spectrum of diseases and drugs investigated has been
      inadequate. The uncertainty regarding the therapeutics, however, is confronted by
      a number of powerful and high-risk drugs. As a result of a better understanding
      of the immunoregulatory mechanisms and advances in the development of drugs, the
      original concept of nonselective immunosuppression has been replaced by
      attempting the influence of specific parameters. Cortisone is still considered to
      be of basic importance for the treatment of most of these diseases. Other
      available drugs are immunosuppressives such as azathioprine, methotrexate,
      cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, and D-penicillamine. New developments include the
      use of cyclosporine A, high-dose immunoglobulins, plasmapheresis, antithymocyte
      globulins, levamisole, inosiplex, and radiation of lymph nodes. A causal specific
      therapy, other than for rheumatic fever, is not in sight. In order to find a form
      of therapy which is disease-specific, low-risk and with a high success rate, long
      term controlled studies on large groups of patients need to be performed.

PMID- 3710516
TI  - Surface antigen expression by bovine alveolar macrophages: functional correlation
      and influence of interferons in vivo and in vitro.
AB  - Alveolar macrophages (AM) procured by bronchoalveolar lavage of healthy calves
      were tested for the expression of two antigens defined by monoclonal antibodies.
      One of these, H34A, detects a MHC type II (Ia)-antigen; the other, B18A, a
      heterodimer of unknown function. No single AM-activity could be ascribed solely
      to the subpopulations defined by the presence or absence of these two surface
      antigens. The expression of both antigens could be modulated by in vitro
      treatment of the AM with recombinant E. coli-derived bovine interferon-gamma
      (rBoIFN-gamma), but not by interferon-alpha 1 (rBoIFN-alpha 1). Enhanced Ia
      expression was detectable within 3 h of exposure to rBoIFN-gamma and reached a
      maximum by 24-48 h. Expression of the Ia-antigen required continual presence of
      bioactive IFN. However, cells that reverted from the Ia+ to the Ia- state did not
      become refractory to reinduction, and induction was possible even after several
      days (at least 96 h) in culture, despite the in vitro maturation and modulation
      of the AM that occurred. Treatment of calves with rBoIFN-gamma also resulted in
      increased numbers of Ia(H34A)+ cells, but in a decline of B18A+ cells. In
      contrast to the in vitro findings, rBoIFN-alpha 1 appeared to have some
      modulatory effect in vivo. The latter effect may be indirect rather than direct
      as for rBoIFN-gamma. As previously shown for rBoIFN-alpha 1, in vitro treatment
      of the AM with rBoIFN-gamma "activated" the AM as judged by enhanced
      cytotoxicity, enhanced accessory cell activity in mitogen-driven lymphocyte
      proliferation, enhanced IgG Fc- and C3b-receptor expression and content of some
      enzymes. The fact that the two IFNs have very similar effects on cell functions,
      but differ markedly in their Ia-inducing immunoregulatory activity, supports the
      notion that the Ia-antigen expression may be irrelevant as a surface marker for
      macrophage activation, and may rather be a marker for a certain functional stage
      of the macrophage. Moreover, the acquisition of this stage appears to be, at
      least in the AM, a reversible event.

PMID- 3710518
TI  - The separation of the antibody and antigen components of immune complexes formed
      during normal human pregnancy.
AB  - By the manipulation of the fractionation conditions of a series of protein A
      affinity columns it was possible to separate the antibody and antigen components
      of the immune complexes formed in the serum during normal human pregnancy. The
      two components were partially characterised in order to determine that they were
      separate biological entities. The IgG immunoglobulin component possessed antibody
      activity directed against the outer layer of the placenta, the
      syncytiotrophoblast. The antigen component was of apparent syncytiotrophoblast
      origin and consisted of a protein with two major polypeptides of Mr 63 kDaltons
      and 31 kDaltons.

PMID- 3710517
TI  - Cytolysis of actinomycin D-treated target cells by cell-free supernatants from
      human monocytes.
AB  - The lytic mechanism of human peripheral blood monocytes was studied by using as
      targets actinomycin D-treated WEHI-164, an NK-insensitive murine fibrosarcoma
      cell line. Monocytes, but not lymphocytes, lysed WEHI-164 target cells pre
      treated with actinomycin D within 6 h in 51Cr-release assays. Because cytolysis
      could not be inhibited competitively by unlabeled WEHI/D target cells, contact
      independent mechanisms of cytolysis were investigated. Cell-free supernatants
      collected from monocytes cultured for 4-6 h at 37 degrees C lysed target cells as
      effectively as effector cell preparations of monocytes. Supernatants from
      lymphocytes cultured in parallel were not cytolytic. Cytolytic activity was not
      detected in supernatants from preparations of monocytes that were held on ice.
      However, monocytes produced cytolytic activity whether they were isolated by
      adherence or remained unseparated in suspensions of mononuclear cells. The
      cytolytic activity in cell-free supernatants (CFS) from monocytes was unaffected
      by incubation with protease inhibitors. CFS activity was destroyed by heat.
      Storage of CFS at 37 degrees, 22 degrees, 4 degrees, or -20 degrees C for 24 h
      decreased cytolytic activity; however, loss of cytotoxicity was minimized by
      storage at 4 degrees C. The cytolytic substance detected in 4-h CFS from
      monocytes appeared to be a protein(s) based on the sensitivity of the cytolytic
      activity to proteases. Cytolytic activity of CFS eluted from Sephacryl 200 in a
      single peak with an apparent molecular weight between 25,000 and 45,000 daltons.

PMID- 3710519
TI  - Activation of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes by particulate zymosan is
      related to both its major carbohydrate components: glucan and mannan.
AB  - Unopsonized particulate zymosan and its major carbohydrate component glucan were
      phagocytosed under serum-free conditions by adherent polymorphonuclear leucocytes
      (PMN) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Preincubation of PMN monolayers with
      mannan did not cause a reduction in the phagocytosis of either particle. The
      phagocytic response was inhibited by preincubation of the cells with trypsin at a
      concentration that did not inhibit the phagocytosis of sheep erythrocytes coated
      with IgG or of latex particles. Homology of the recognition mechanisms for glucan
      and zymosan was confirmed when cells cultured on fixed glucan or on fixed zymosan
      failed to ingest either particle to more than 40% of control phagocytosis.
      Similarly, zymosan and glucan activated PMN in suspension, in a dose- and time
      dependent manner, to generate reactive oxygen species which were measured as
      luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL). There was, however, a four-fold greater
      CL response to zymosan. Preincubation of PMN with mannan resulted in a
      significantly decreased CL response to zymosan, while the response to glucan was
      unaffected. The CL response was also sensitive to a range of concentrations of
      trypsin. In contrast, two other complex polysaccharide particles (barley-derived
      beta-glucan and algae-derived laminarin) were not phagocytosed by PMN, nor did
      they cause the generation of CL, despite the fact that they possessed the
      capacity, in common with zymosan and glucan, to activate the alternative pathway
      of complement. The identification of a trypsin-sensitive recognition mechanism on
      the surface of human PMN for unopsonized zymosan and glucan represents a response
      not hitherto characterized. Furthermore, our data indicate that the phagocytosis
      of unopsonized zymosan by human PMN is dependent primarily on its glucan content,
      but that its capacity to activate the respiratory burst may involve mannan and
      the recruitment of a second cell surface recognition mechanism.

PMID- 3710520
TI  - Measurement of single-cell DNA synthesis by pokeweed mitogen-stimulated
      mononuclear cells with combined light and scanning electron microscopy.
AB  - The response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to pokeweed mitogen (PWM)
      stimulation was investigated with combined light (LM) and scanning electron
      microscopy (SEM). The DNA content of the nucleus of a cell (measured by
      fluorescence) was compared directly with the diameter and morphological features
      (by SEM). It was found that upon PWM stimulation lymphocytes transform into blast
      cells without measurable increase of diploid DNA content (4C) were not seen. The
      results of DNA fluorescence measurements were comparable with [3H]thymidine
      uptake profiles, both having peak values on Days 4 and 5 after the start of
      stimulation. Lymphocyte-enriched populations stimulated by PWM showed a small but
      distinct population of cells with a diameter of approximately 4-5 micrometers and
      having a tetraploid DNA content on Days 3, 4 and 5 after the start of
      stimulation. This reflects the cells' ability to divide in response to mitogen
      stimulation. SEM showed no characteristic cell-surface morphology for blast cells
      with increasing DNA content.

PMID- 3710522
TI  - Patterns of blood flow in the microcirculation of the skin during the course of
      the tuberculin reaction in normal human subjects.
AB  - Digital thermographic imaging and laser-Doppler velocimetry techniques were used
      to study the sequence of microcirculatory changes in typical Type IV (DHS-type)
      skin reactions to intradermal injection of PPD into seven healthy tuberculin
      positive subjects. Thermography has shown that there is very little change in
      thermal status at 6 hr, that there is an area of raised temperature roughly
      corresponding to that of erythema around the site of antigen injection at 24 hr,
      and that the area of 'hot' skin starts to exceed that of the clinically observed
      reaction at 48 hr and remains extensive even at 96 hr. The area of the increased
      RBC flux detected by the laser-Doppler technique corresponded generally to that
      of erythema for the first 48 hr, but thereafter became smaller than the
      clinically observable reaction. Cuff occlusion experiments showed that the
      phenomenon of reactive hyperaemia is abolished at 24 and 48 hr in conditions of
      maximal hyperaemia, but that this response is recovering by 96 hr. Vasomotion was
      significantly exaggerated between 48 hr and 96 hr. These studies indicate that
      there is maximal arteriolar vasodilatation during the first 2 days of the
      reaction with rapid blood flow in the congested capillaries of the dermal
      papillae, and that engorgement of deeper venous plexus of the dermis is the
      predominant vascular change in the resolving response at 72-96 hr.

PMID- 3710521
TI  - An adhesive glycoprotein from rat ascites hepatoma cells potentiates natural
      cytotoxic activity by rat spleen cells.
AB  - In a previous paper, we have described a cell-surface associated adhesive
      glycoprotein (AF) that has been separated and highly purified from rat ascites
      hepatoma AH136B cells. AF was found to induce the aggregation and adhesiveness of
      hepatoma cells. AF was also shown to have a mitogenic activity on rat T
      lymphocytes, and to stimulate them to produce a lymphokine chemotactic for
      macrophages. In the present paper, we have examined the effects of AF on natural
      killing (NK) activity by rat spleen cells against NK-sensitive YAC-1 cells using
      51Cr-release cytotoxicity assay. NK activity of spleen cells was potentiated by
      AF treatment in a dose-dependent manner. A short incubation with AF was
      sufficient for the potentiation of NK activity, whereas the potentiation by OK
      432, which is well known as a potentiator of anti-tumour activity, required a
      longer stimulation. Macrophage depletion from spleen cells resulted in the
      decreased potentiating effects of OK-432, whereas the depletion failed to
      influence the effects of AF. IN subsequent experiments, it was found that AF
      could potentiate NK activity of the NK-cell enriched fraction. We further found
      that culture supernatants from spleen cells and peritoneal exudate cells treated
      with OK-432 potentiate the NK activity, whereas those from AF-treated cells fail.
      It was thus suggested that AF acts directly on the cells responsible for NK
      activity, and that the mechanisms of AF-induced potentiation of NK activity
      differ from those of OK-432-induced potentiation.

PMID- 3710523
TI  - Immune effector mechanisms involved in the control of parasitaemia in Trypanosoma
      brucei-infected wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus).
AB  - The course of Trypanosoma brucei infection in the wildebeest (Connochaetes
      taurinus) was studied. A low but persistent parasitaemia developed in all five
      wildebeest following intravenous inoculation with 1 X 10(8) organisms of clone
      ILTat 2.1. Unlike cattle controls, however, the wildebeest did not develop
      anaemia. In both cattle and wildebeest, radioimmunoassay studies revealed a
      classical sequence of production of IgM, IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies which had the
      capacity to bind to the corresponding purified variable surface glycoprotein and
      to neutralize the infectivity of ILTat 2.1. Investigations into the interaction
      between post-infection sera, trypanosomes and freshly isolated peripheral blood
      leucocytes (PBL) of wildebeest and cattle showed that sera from the wildebeest
      had a higher capacity to induce adherence of trypanosomes to homologous PBL. The
      adherence and phagocytosis-inducing activity resided in the IgM fraction. Cross
      testing of the antibodies and PBL revealed that wildebeest IgM antibodies induced
      high adherence indices when tested on cattle PBL. High adherence indices were
      also observed when cattle IgM antibodies were tested on PBL of wildebeest. It was
      concluded that the phagocytic system of the wildebeest was superior to that of
      cattle, that freshly prepared wildebeest PBL bear receptors for wildebeest as
      well as cattle IgM, and that cattle PBL bear a receptor for wildebeest IgM that
      would appear to be different from that for cattle IgM.

PMID- 3710524
TI  - Immunity to mycoplasmal infection of the genital tract: a mouse model.
AB  - Thirty-three TO mice, 24 of which had received progesterone, were infected
      originally by Mycoplasma pulmonis given vaginally. Thirty-one of the mice were
      free of the organisms in the genital tract 236 days later at which time all of
      them were treated again with progesterone and rechallenged with M. pulmonis
      vaginally. All 31 mice were resistant. In contrast, of 21 TO mice of the same age
      that were not infected originally 15 (71%) became infected persistently after
      vaginal rechallenge. In similar experiments, 12 CBA mice, nine of which had
      received progesterone, were infected originally. Ten of these mice were free of
      the organisms genitally 2 years later, at which time all of them were
      rechallenged vaginally. Only two mice (20%) were reinfected, whereas six (86%)
      out of seven mice, not infected originally, were reinfected. Autopsy examination
      revealed that neither infection nor immunity was confined to the lower genital
      tract. Thus, M. pulmonis organisms were not detected in the upper tract of five
      TO mice that remained mycoplasma-free vaginally after rechallenge. The
      contribution of oropharyngeal M. pulmonis infection, which occurred in most of
      the mice, to the solid, long-lasting genital-tract resistance was difficult to
      assess, but in two mice, at least, immunity was not afforded by such infection.

PMID- 3710525
TI  - Cytotoxicity by human adherent cells: oxygen-dependent and -independent cytotoxic
      reactions by different cell populations.
AB  - Human adherent cells, obtained by EDTA reversible adherence to plastic, are
      potent effectors in cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Spontaneous cytotoxicity in a 2
      hr assay against K562 target cells was shown to be largely mediated by
      contaminating natural killer (NK) cells. Treatment of adherent cells with NK
      specific monoclonal antibody anti-Leu-11 plus complement abolished almost
      completely the spontaneous cytotoxicity. Spontaneous cytotoxicity by adherent
      cells was also reduced when the phorbol ester PMA was present in the assay. On
      the other hand, PMA induced a cytotoxic response in NK-cell depleted adherent
      cells after prolonged 18 hr incubation. The cell population responsible for this
      dichotomous effect of PMA on adherent cell-mediated cytotoxicity was shown to be
      monocytes, as revealed by monoclonal antibody treatment. Pure NK cell
      preparations were not affected by PMA in their cytolytic capacities. Reactive
      oxygen species are not involved in NK-cell mediated cytotoxicity, while PMA
      stimulated the monocytes to exert cytolysis and suppressed NK cells by the
      generation of these highly toxic oxygen products. Hydrogen peroxide especially
      seemed to be the mediator in this oxygen-dependent monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity
      and NK-cell suppression.

PMID- 3710526
TI  - Origin of immunoglobulins in respiratory tract secretion and saliva of sheep.
AB  - The origin of the immunoglobulins in the upper respiratory tract secretion of
      sheep was determined by measuring the distribution between plasma and secretion
      of radiolabelled purified immunoglobulins and albumin. By calculation of the
      ratio of specific activity for each immunoglobulin between plasma and secretion,
      it was estimated that about 81% of IgA in secretion was of local origin, whereas
      IgM, IgG1, IgG2 and albumin were wholly derived from plasma. Estimates of the
      selectivity of transport of IgA and IgM into both respiratory tract secretion and
      saliva were obtained by calculation of a selective index relative to IgG1 or
      IgG2, which do not bind secretory component (SC). This was based on radioactivity
      ratios after the simultaneous injection of immunoglobulin labelled with different
      isotopes (IgA or IgM injected with either IgG1 or IgG2). These calculations
      revealed that both IgA and IgM were selectively transported into respiratory
      tract secretion and saliva. This provides further support for the proposition
      that SC-binding immunoglobulins may be transported from serum into secretions at
      a variety of mucosal sites dependent on SC availability. Since the IgA in serum
      of sheep is predominantly of gut origin, this provides an opportunity, in
      addition to relocation of gut-derived plasma cell precursors, by which the gut
      may contribute to extraintestinal mucosal responses.

PMID- 3710528
TI  - [Possibilities and limitations of aspiration cytology in the diagnosis and
      staging of cutaneous tumors].

PMID- 3710527
TI  - [An open clinico-mycologic study on the efficiency and tolerability of
      ciclopiroxolamine].

PMID- 3710529
TI  - [A case of Hallopeau's acrodermatitis continua treated with etretinate].

PMID- 3710531
TI  - [Lyell's syndrome (toxic epidermal necrolysis) caused by Tegretol].

PMID- 3710530
TI  - [Linear Mibelli's porokeratosis. Treatment with topical 5-fluorouracil].

PMID- 3710532
TI  - [Psychodiagnostic investigation in psoriasis patients. Study with the Phillipson
      Object Relations Test].

PMID- 3710533
TI  - [Hepatopathy and lichen ruber planus].

PMID- 3710534
TI  - [Arterial hypertension and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in
      psoriasis].

PMID- 3710535
TI  - [A case of Schweninger-Buzzi anetoderma. Histologic and immunologic study].

PMID- 3710536
TI  - [The dystrophic cutaneous ulcer picture in the carpal tunnel syndrome].

PMID- 3710537
TI  - [Benign hereditary intraepithelial dyskeratosis. Study of a family nucleus].

PMID- 3710538
TI  - Mapping of the murine Ly-15 (LFA-1) locus to chromosome 7.

PMID- 3710540
TI  - Circulating immune complexes in pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 3710539
TI  - Studies on lymphocyte homing in autoimmune prone NZB mice.
AB  - Lymphocyte homing patterns in young (3-5 months old) and old (10-12 months old)
      autoimmune prone NZB mice were investigated by transferring 51Cr labelled
      lymphoid cells into syngeneic and H-2 compatible allogeneic recipients. We
      confirmed that non H-2 alloantigens as well as H-2 alloantigens can be important
      determinants of apparent abnormalities of cellular distribution with the
      techniques employed. No gross abnormalities of lymphocyte traffic were present in
      the young NZB mice as compared to the autoimmune resistant strains of mice when
      syngeneic cells are used. Spleen of older NZB mice appeared to be less attractive
      to lymph node cells than was the spleen from young NZB mice. Splenocytes of older
      NZB mice localized significantly more in the liver and less in the lymph nodes as
      compared with splenocytes from young NZB mice. The mechanism underlying
      abnormalities of lymphoid cell distribution which feature the autoimmune-prone
      NZB mice are not yet clear and further studies will be necessary before they can
      be characterized definitively. Our findings, using syngeneic cells, are in
      disagreement with those of Zatz and Lance since evidence of abnormal distribution
      of lymphocytes in young NZB mice were not seen when syngeneic cells were
      employed.

PMID- 3710541
TI  - Effect of some antimicrobial agents in primary amoebic meningoencephalitis in
      mice.

PMID- 3710542
TI  - Effect of some known antifilarials on the immune responses of Mastomys natalensis
      infected with Brugia malayi.

PMID- 3710543
TI  - Comparison of filaria skin test & microfilaria demonstration in the diagnosis of
      lymphatic filariasis.

PMID- 3710544
TI  - Rifampicin (600 mg) kinetics in the undernourished.

PMID- 3710545
TI  - Cytogenetic studies on acute non-lymphatic leukaemia.

PMID- 3710546
TI  - ELISA for detection of IgG & IgM antibodies to human nicotinic acetylcholine
      receptor in myasthenia gravis.

PMID- 3710547
TI  - Metabolism of progestogens studied by in vitro incubation with liver tissue of
      newborn & adult rabbits.

PMID- 3710548
TI  - Preliminary report on dermatoglyphic evidence for proto-australoid origin of
      muria gonds of Bastar (MP).

PMID- 3710549
TI  - Mineralisation in experimental fracture repair estimated by tetracycline
      deposition.

PMID- 3710550
TI  - Effect of in vitro glycosylation on the solubility of lens proteins.

PMID- 3710551
TI  - Protein quality of wheat-legume-potato diets supplemented with milk in adult
      human subjects.

PMID- 3710552
TI  - The mini health centre scheme in Tamil Nadu: a study of quantifiable performance
      outputs.

PMID- 3710553
TI  - Is Burkitt type lymphoma a neoplasm of follicular centre cell origin?

PMID- 3710554
TI  - Glycosylated haemoglobin levels in iron deficiency anaemia.

PMID- 3710556
TI  - Leukocyte ionized calcium and sodium content and blood pressure in humans.
AB  - The relationship between leukocyte ionized calcium concentration, sodium content,
      and blood pressure was studied in normotensive subjects with (n = 17) and without
      (n = 21) a family history of hypertension and in untreated patients with
      essential hypertension (n = 22). There was a highly significant correlation
      between intracellular ionized calcium and mean supine blood pressure (measured on
      the same occasion) in normal subjects with no family history of hypertension (r =
      +0.73, p less than 0.01). This relationship was lost in normal subjects with a
      family history of hypertension, and in hypertensive patients there was a
      nonsignificant negative correlation between intracellular ionized calcium and
      blood pressure (r = +0.08 and -0.31, respectively). Intracellular ionized calcium
      was similar in the normotensive groups (both, 126 +/- 7 nmol/L) and slightly but
      nonsignificantly elevated in hypertensive patients (143 +/- 10 nmol/L; p = 0.09).
      There was no correlation between intracellular ionized calcium and sodium content
      in any group (r less than 0.1). These results indicate that while leukocyte
      ionized calcium in normotensive subjects with no family history of hypertension
      may reflect smooth muscle contractility resulting in the positive correlation
      between leukocyte ionized calcium and blood pressure, this relationship is lost
      in hypertensive patients and subjects predisposed to hypertension. This may be
      due to an altered relationship between leukocyte and smooth muscle calcium
      handling in these subjects or to non-calcium-mediated influences on blood
      pressure.

PMID- 3710555
TI  - Estimation of intrasynaptic norepinephrine concentrations in humans.
AB  - Levels of synaptic cleft norepinephrine associated with pressor responses were
      estimated in humans by measuring blood pressure and arterial plasma
      norepinephrine during norepinephrine infusion and during yohimbine-induced
      release of endogenous norepinephrine. Linear pressor response-log norepinephrine
      concentration relationships were observed during the infusions. At a pressor
      response of 20 mm Hg, arterial norepinephrine averaged 3647 pg/ml. The pressor
      log norepinephrine relationship was shifted more than fivefold to the left during
      combined ganglionic, alpha 2-adrenergic receptor, and Uptake1 (neuronal
      norepinephrine uptake) blockade: arterial norepinephrine averaged 684 pg/ml at a
      20 mm Hg pressor response. During yohimbine-induced release of endogenous
      norepinephrine in desipramine-pretreated subjects, arterial norepinephrine
      averaged 467 pg/ml at a 20 mm Hg pressor response. Since the norepinephrine
      concentration in the synaptic clefts must have been between the values for plasma
      norepinephrine during its infusion and during its endogenous release, we
      estimated that in healthy people, a 20 mm Hg sympathetically mediated pressor
      response is associated with about a 560 pg/ml (3.3 nM) concentration of
      norepinephrine in the average neuroeffector junction.

PMID- 3710557
TI  - Enhanced DNA synthesis in heart and kidney of newborn spontaneously hypertensive
      rats.
AB  - Studies comparing relative organ weight (per gram of body weight) in
      spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and their normotensive controls, Wistar
      Kyoto rats (WKY), have shown that the heart and kidney of SHR are enlarged at
      birth. In addition, higher DNA concentrations in these organs provide evidence of
      cardiac and renal cellular hyperplasia in newborn SHR. The rate of DNA synthesis
      was estimated with [methyl-3H]thymidine labeling in vivo for heart, kidney,
      liver, adrenals, and aorta of newborn WKY and SHR, and significantly higher
      relative organ weights, protein levels, and DNA contents were observed only for
      heart and kidney from SHR. In contrast, relative weight was significantly lower
      for liver from SHR and the same for adrenals from WKY and SHR despite lower
      adrenal protein and DNA contents for SHR. Relative weight and protein content of
      aorta were higher in SHR, possibly indicating hypertrophy of this organ. Several
      differences in [methyl-3H]thymidine labeling were observed in organs from SHR.
      Significantly higher organ accumulation (cpm/mg organ weight) was observed for
      heart from SHR (p less than 0.01), and higher incorporation into DNA (cpm/cpm)
      was observed for kidney and liver from SHR (p less than 0.001). Most significant
      was the finding of higher DNA specific activity for heart (+33%; p less than
      0.05) and kidney (+39%; p less than 0.001) from SHR. These data provide evidence
      of enhanced DNA synthesis in the heart and kidney of newborn SHR.

PMID- 3710559
TI  - Partitioning of erythrocytes from spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto
      rats.
AB  - The charge-associated and non-charge-associated (probably lipid-related) surface
      properties of erythrocytes from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar
      Kyoto rats (WKY), from which SHR were originally derived, were studied by cell
      partitioning in dextran-polyethylene glycol aqueous phase systems. A major
      difference was found in the surface charge-associated and lipid-related
      properties of red blood cells from SHR and WKY: the cells from WKY had the higher
      partition ratio in both charge-sensitive and non-charge-sensitive phases. No
      difference in partitioning could be found between any two SHR nor between any two
      WKY. The SHR and WKY erythrocytes showed the same difference when compared with
      one another even when rats had the same blood pressure. When red blood cells from
      SHR with different blood pressure were compared, there still was no difference in
      their surface properties. These results suggest that the differences in both
      charge-associated and lipid-related surface properties of erythrocytes from SHR
      and WKY are strain-specific (i.e., genetic) but that there is no correlation,
      reflected by partitioning, between red blood cell surface properties and the
      degree of the rats' hypertension.

PMID- 3710558
TI  - Extracellular calcium and altered vascular responsiveness in the
      deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt rat.
AB  - This study investigated the effects of altered extracellular Ca2+ on in vitro
      femoral arterial smooth muscle responsiveness in deoxycorticosterone acetate
      (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats. Compared with controls, femoral arteries from DOCA
      salt rats showed a significant increase in sensitivity to KCl and norepinephrine
      in normal Ca2+ (2.5 mM). Although no difference in maximal contractile response
      to KCl was observed between groups, there was a significant difference in maximal
      response to norepinephrine. Dose-response curves in low Ca2+ (0.25 mM) resulted
      in a significant decrease in the sensitivity of femoral arteries from DOCA-salt
      rats to KCl and NE so that the responses were similar to those of controls.
      Relaxation of femoral arteries from DOCA-salt rats after washout of the KCl
      contraction was significantly slower than that of controls in both low and normal
      Ca2+. Isoproterenol-induced relaxation of femoral arteries from DOCA-salt rats
      was significantly attenuated in normal Ca2+. Sensitivity of femoral arteries from
      DOCA-salt rats to isoproterenol increased in low Ca2+, but maximal relaxation was
      unaltered. Whereas no difference in maximal relaxation to NaNO2 was seen in
      femoral arteries from either group in normal Ca2+, a significant decrease in
      sensitivity to NaNO2 was observed in femoral arteries from DOCA-salt rats. In low
      Ca2+ the response of femoral arteries from DOCA-salt rats to NaNO2 was similar to
      that of controls. These results suggest that the increased vascular smooth muscle
      responsiveness to KCl and norepinephrine seen in DOCA-salt hypertension is due to
      increased sensitivity of the vascular smooth muscle to Ca2+. Extracellular Ca2+,
      however, plays only a minor role in the decreased vasodilator responsiveness seen
      in this form of hypertension.

PMID- 3710560
TI  - Localization of preangiotensinogen messenger RNA sequences in the rat brain.
AB  - Angiotensinogen (renin substrate) and its messenger RNA are known to accumulate
      in the rat brain. We have cloned rat preangiotensinogen cDNAs and used them as
      probes to measure the accumulation of preangiotensinogen messenger RNA sequences
      in eight regions of rat brain, as well as in liver and kidney. The brain regions
      examined were the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, striatum, cerebellum,
      diencephalon (including basal forebrain structures), midbrain, brainstem, and
      pituitary. On a tissue weight basis, the accumulation of preangiotensinogen RNA
      sequences was greatest in the liver, midbrain, and brainstem. The relative
      concentrations of messenger RNA were ranked as follows: liver, brainstem,
      midbrain greater than cerebellum, diencephalon greater than hippocampus greater
      than cortex, striatum, kidney greater than pituitary. Relative RNA concentrations
      from liver to kidney varied over a 16-fold range. Liver and brain
      preangiotensinogen RNA sequences were indistinguishable in size as measured by
      gel electrophoresis; however, the kidney sequences appeared some 100 nucleotides
      larger. Our data agree with previous measurements of angiotensinogen in the rat
      brain as assayed by renin-catalyzed angiotensin I release.

PMID- 3710561
TI  - Sodium and chloride in salt-sensitive hypertension.

PMID- 3710564
TI  - Cord blood cholesterol in term and preterm new borns.

PMID- 3710562
TI  - Influence of plasma proteins on activity of proinflammatory enzyme phospholipase
      A2.
AB  - The influence of plasma proteins on quantitation of the proinflammatory enzyme
      phospholipase A2 (PLA2) from rheumatoid synovial fluid was studied using two
      different assays. Human and bovine serum albumins increased the rate of PLA2
      hydrolysis of membrane-associated phospholipid substrates. In contrast, albumin
      profoundly inhibited the PLA2 hydrolysis of synthetic phospholipids in micellar
      dispersion. Other plasma proteins (alpha, beta and gamma-globulins) had minimal
      effect on PLA2 activity in either assay system. Since the presence of albumin may
      compromise estimation of PLA2 and of phospholipase-inhibitory proteins, the
      appropriate selection of assay conditions is obligatory for the accurate
      quantitation of their respective activities.

PMID- 3710563
TI  - Decreased extracellular release of granule enzymes from in vitro-stimulated
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes in guttate psoriasis.
AB  - In vitro degranulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, which were stimulated
      either with synthetic chemotactic peptide (N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl
      phenylalanine, FMLP) or with C3b-opsonized zymosan as a promotor of phagocytosis,
      was studied in 66 patients with psoriasis, 18 lesion-free psoriatics, 18 healthy
      subjects, and 14 other dermatological disorder controls. Stimulated release of
      lysozyme (from specific granules and azurophil granules) and beta-glucuronidase
      (from azurophil granules) in the presence of both FMLP and serum-activated
      zymosan was markedly reduced in patients with actively spreading guttate
      psoriatic lesions, in whom relapse of lesions lasted for less than 1 month and
      papules involved about 13-25% of skin surface. In contrast, stimulated
      degranulation was within normal range in active plaque psoriasis, stationary
      plaque psoriasis, symptomless psoriatics, and patients with disseminated eczema.
      Spontaneous release of lysozyme and beta-glucuronidase (background) was found to
      be not different in all groups studied; however, patients with active guttate
      psoriasis had significantly lower total lysozyme activity than those with active
      and stationary plaque psoriasis as well as psoriatics in the remission. These
      data are in favor of in vivo activation of neutrophils in active guttate
      psoriasis by some factors related to the early relapse of the lesions. This
      results in a possible combination of the following phenomena: (1) in vivo partial
      degranulation of neutrophils; (2) induction of "unresponsiveness state" of these
      cells to subsequent in vitro stimulation; and/or (3) migration of highly
      responsive neutrophils to skin lesions, which leaves in the circulation the
      subpopulation less reactive to chemotactic and phagocytic stimuli.

PMID- 3710565
TI  - Intussusception in infancy and childhood.

PMID- 3710566
TI  - Maternal involvement in the care of high risk infants in a sick newborn nursery-
      a prospective study.

PMID- 3710567
TI  - Epidemiological survey for prevalence of xerophthalmia.

PMID- 3710568
TI  - Computerised tomography in cerebral cysticercosis.

PMID- 3710570
TI  - Physiotherapy and postural drainage in persistent lower respiratory infection.

PMID- 3710569
TI  - Freeman Sheldon syndrome.

PMID- 3710571
TI  - Paralytic poliomyelitis in immunized and unimmunized children.

PMID- 3710572
TI  - Xerophthalmia Programme of the Royal Commonwealth Society for the Blind.

PMID- 3710573
TI  - AIDS surveillance and the pediatrician.

PMID- 3710574
TI  - Environmental factors in childhood diarrhea in rural areas.

PMID- 3710575
TI  - Neonatal Hirschsprung's disease.

PMID- 3710576
TI  - Carbohydrate metabolism in neoplastic tissue.
AB  - The kinetic and immunological properties of purified, homogeneous pyruvate kinase
      type M2 from chicken lung and tumors, including that of Rous sarcoma virus
      transformed chicken fibroblasts, have been compared. The type M2 enzymes from
      both lung and tumors have immunologically distinct structures. The enzyme
      isolated from tumors is characterized by a low affinity for phosphoenol pyruvate,
      pronounced L-serine activation and a strong inhibition by L-alanine, L-proline
      and several other amino acids. The chicken lung enzyme is only slightly affected
      by serine. The cellular amino acid concentration is in such a range that the
      tumor enzyme is strongly inhibited whereas the lung enzyme is only partially
      inhibited. The characteristics of the tumor enzyme allow the optimal adaptation
      to lactic acid and production of energy from glucose or amino acids dependent on
      substrate and oxygen supply.

PMID- 3710577
TI  - Sensitization with Fusobacterium nucleatum targets antibody-dependent cellular
      cytotoxicity to mammalian cells.
AB  - Incubation of mammalian tumor cells with either soluble of insoluble fractions
      (10 to 100 micrograms/ml) of Fusobacterium nucleatum sensitizes them to the
      destructive activity of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) effector
      cells in the presence of anti-F. nucleatum antisera. All three types of ADCC
      effector cells are capable of destroying F. nucleatum-sensitized target cells
      with varying degrees of effectiveness (lymphocytes much greater than monocytes
      greater than neutrophils). Hyperimmune rabbit anti-F. nucleatum antisera were
      active at a dilution as high as 1/100,000. Our studies indicated that F.
      nucleatum must be bound to the target cells since if either the effector cells
      are treated with F. nucleatum or F. nucleatum is directly to an ADCC reaction,
      there is no significant effect on cytotoxicity. The kinetics of F. nucleatum
      targeted ADCC are identical to those of classical ADCC, suggesting a similar
      mechanism. The specificity of F. nucleatum-targeted ADCC was demonstrated by cold
      target inhibition studies and by showing that other antibacterial antisera were
      incapable of mediating the activity.

PMID- 3710578
TI  - Interaction between Chlamydia spp. and human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in
      vitro.
AB  - Chlamydia psittaci and Chlamydia trachomatis elementary bodies (EB) incubated in
      the presence of complement or specific antibody or both caused chemotaxis of
      human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in vitro. Reticulate bodies and culture
      supernatants had no effect on these cells. The ability of chlamydiae to enter and
      survive in PMN under nonopsonizing conditions was investigated by measuring the
      association of 3H-labeled EB and of inclusion-forming units with these
      phagocytes. Both assays indicated that C. psittaci as well as C. trachomatis EB
      are efficiently internalized. The mechanism by which this is accomplished is
      distinct from classical phagocytosis in that it is not dependent upon the
      presence of complement or antibody. Furthermore, uptake of at least C. psittaci
      appeared to be rapid, with no additional increase occurring after 15 min. The
      majority of cell-associated chlamydiae were rendered acid soluble or
      noninfectious within 1 h. Subsequently, there was a small but steady loss of
      infectivity for up to 10 h, which may have been due to the conversion of EB to
      the noninfectious reticulate-body form of the organism. However, even at 10 h
      after entry a small percentage of bacteria was still capable of infecting a
      second target cell. This is noteworthy in that PMN are relatively short-lived
      cells, and after lysis, intracellular organisms may be free to infect adjacent
      tissue. Electron microscopic observations were consistent with the data on uptake
      and persistence. The ability of a small percentage of infecting chlamydiae to
      maintain infectivity in PMN for at least several hours may enable these organisms
      subsequently to establish productive infection in permissive host cells.

PMID- 3710579
TI  - Detection of staphylococcal membrane receptors on virus-infected cells by direct
      adhesin overlay.
AB  - We partially characterized the interaction between 125I-labeled surface proteins
      of Staphylococcus aureus, obtained by thermal extraction, and purified plasma
      membranes from uninfected and influenza virus A/FM/1/47-infected Madin-Darby
      canine kidney cells. The radioactivity profile of surface-labeled proteins,
      derived from anion-exchange high-pressure liquid chromatography, showed a mixture
      of acidic polypeptides in a peak which contained approximately 5% of the total
      protein injected; adsorption with purified plasma membranes reduced radioactivity
      by 5 to 7% and altered elution profiles. Using a direct adhesin overlay
      procedure, we found that these surface-labeled proteins reacted with polypeptides
      located on the external surface of plasma membranes which were shared by both
      virus-infected and uninfected cells or were unique to virus-infected cells. Our
      data may help explain the enhanced adherence of S. aureus to influenza virus A
      infected cells in vitro.

PMID- 3710580
TI  - Local active gingival immunization by a 3,800-molecular-weight streptococcal
      antigen in protection against dental caries.
AB  - Local gingival immunization was attempted in an effort to confine the immune
      response to the oral cavity and bypass the systemic immune response. A low
      molecular-weight (3.8K) streptococcal antigen (SA) I/II was applied 10 times over
      a period of 1 year to the gingival crevices of rhesus monkeys. The antigen was
      maintained in situ by means of silicone rubber appliances. Serial examinations
      over a period of 1 year showed that topical gingival immunization with the 3.8K
      SA results in a significantly lower incidence of dental caries and colonization
      of Streptococcus mutans compared with that of the sham-immunized controls. This
      was associated with an increase in gingival crevicular immunoglobulin G and
      salivary immunoglobulin A anti-SA I/II antibodies, whereas no change occurred in
      serum antibodies to SA I/II. The immune mechanism which prevents the colonization
      of S. mutans and the development of caries may involve antibodies that prevent
      the adherence of S. mutans to the teeth and facilitate phagocytosis and killing
      by the local neutrophils. This novel route of local immunization is noninvasive,
      does not cause side effects, and bypasses systemic immunization.

PMID- 3710581
TI  - Susceptibility of Campylobacter jejuni to strain-specific bactericidal activity
      in sera of infected patients.
AB  - Campylobacter jejuni is a common cause of inflammatory enteritis, which in normal
      hosts is usually self-limited and resolves without antibiotic therapy. C. jejuni
      bacteremia is very rare. We examined sera for bactericidal activity that might be
      important in limiting the extent of C. jejuni infection in man. We studied the
      ability of nonimmune sera and homologous and heterologous immune sera from
      infected patients to kill different fresh case isolates of C. jejuni in vitro.
      The reduction of the log10 concentration of viable C. jejuni (log10 killing) by
      fresh sera from nonimmune donors was only 0.2. Log10 killing by homologous acute
      sera varied from 0 to 3.8 (mean, 1.8). Convalescent sera showed remarkable log10
      killing of only homologous C. jejuni, with values of 2.7 to 4.4 (mean, 3.7). The
      bactericidal effects of acute and convalescent sera were abrogated by heat and
      EDTA chelation, indicating mediation by complement. The role of classical
      complement pathway activation was supported by chelating sera with magnesium EGTA
      [ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N, N, N', N'-tetraacetic acid] and by
      reconstitution experiments with heat-inactivated sera, C2-deficient serum, and
      purified C2. The requirement of specific antibody for the serum bactericidal
      effect was indicated by the loss of bactericidal activity when immune sera were
      absorbed with homologous but not heterologous whole C. jejuni isolates. The
      presence of specific antibodies was further documented by agglutination of only
      homologous C. jejuni suspensions by heat-inactivated immune sera. Studies with
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes suggested that ingestion and killing of two C.
      jejuni strains were modest and variable in the presence of heat-inactivated
      homologous serum. In summary, the data document a potent serum bactericidal
      effect that develops rapidly and specifically during C. jejuni enteritis and may
      be an important factor in host defense against C. jejuni.

PMID- 3710582
TI  - Cutaneous infection in normal and immunocompromised mice.
AB  - Since a model of staphylococcal skin infection adequately reflecting human
      disease was unavailable, a self-limiting animal infection model specific for
      virulent Staphylococcus species was developed. A virulent strain of S. aureus,
      NCTC 9789 (ATCC 27700), was used to develop an infection model in adult, male CF
      1 mice treated with 0 to 150 mg of cyclophosphamide (CY) per kg 4 days before
      challenge. Bacteria were inoculated onto the dorsal side of shaved mice at 0 to
      10(6) CFU per mouse. Simultaneously, the skin was gently scraped to remove the
      superficial layers without drawing blood. The wound was occluded with impermeable
      film secured with surgical tape. At a CY dose of 50 mg/kg and an inoculum of
      10(5) CFU, 89% of the mice (96 of 108) developed large abscesses (approximately
      15-mm diameter). Mice which were not immunocompromised developed fewer abscesses
      (20 of 68). Generally, no abscesses formed when the mice were not wounded (1 of
      62), occluded (0 of 89), or inoculated (11 of 50). The abscesses developed 24 to
      48 h after challenge and persisted for 2 to 3 weeks. The challenge organism was
      isolated from the abscesses. The rates of abscess formation of three additional
      S. aureus strains varied widely in normal and CY-treated mice. Three strains of
      S. epidermidis, one of Micrococcus varians, and one of S. saprophyticus failed to
      cause abscesses. Bacterial proliferation studies demonstrated that a strain of S.
      aureus and a strain of S. epidermidis proliferated to the same levels 48 h after
      challenge. Immunosuppression and wounding had little effect on the levels of
      proliferation of S. aureus (P greater than 0.2). Without occlusion, however, S.
      aureus proliferated to significantly lower levels (P less than 0.005). This model
      may be be useful for screening topical anti-infective agents or studying the
      mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis and host response.

PMID- 3710583
TI  - Binding of Staphylococcus aureus by human serum spreading factor in an in vitro
      assay.
AB  - Human serum spreading factor, an animal cell adhesion-promoting glycoprotein,
      bound Staphylococcus aureus in an assay in which association of bacteria to
      protein-precoated microtiter wells was quantitated. Interaction of human serum
      spreading factor with S. aureus suggests that this protein may play a role in
      host defenses and in the invasiveness and pathogenicity of microbial infections.

PMID- 3710584
TI  - Cellular and humoral immune responses of jirds resistant to Dipetalonema viteae
      infection.
AB  - Jirds with prepatent Dipetalonema viteae infections develop an acquired immunity
      to challenge infections. The objective of the present study was to observe
      parasite-specific and nonspecific cellular and humoral immune responses in immune
      jirds. Splenic hyperplasia was observed in infected jirds during the first 5
      weeks of infection. Antigen-reactive spleen cells were observed in the lymphocyte
      transformation assay at 3 weeks postinfection. A depressed response to
      concanavalin A (ConA) was seen at 1 week postinfection through week 5. Mitomycin
      C-treated cells from infected jirds were capable of suppressing the response of
      normal cells to ConA. Sephadex G-10-nonadherent spleen cells from infected jirds
      showed elevated responses to D. viteae antigen at 1, 3, and 5 weeks and elevated
      responses to ConA at 3 and 5 weeks. Filaria-specific antibodies were seen at 1
      week postinfection, and titers rose through week 5. Plaque-forming cell
      production to sheep erythrocytes was not depressed in infected jirds. It was
      concluded that jirds react immunologically with both cellular and humoral
      responses during the prepatent period of D. viteae infection. A concurrent immune
      depression was seen. Its effect on resistance and tolerance remains to be
      determined.

PMID- 3710585
TI  - Progesterone binding and inhibition of growth in Trichophyton mentagrophytes.
AB  - Specific binding of [3H]progesterone to cytosol of Trichophyton mentagrophytes
      was demonstrated. Scatchard analysis of [3H]progesterone binding showed a single
      class of binding sites with a dissociation constant of 9.5 X 10(-8) [corrected]
      +/- 2.4 X 10(-8) M (standard deviation) and a maximal binding capacity of 4,979
      +/- 3,489 fmol/mg of cytosol protein. Deoxycorticosterone and dihydrotestosterone
      competitively inhibited binding by 50% at molar ratios of 10:1 and 20:1,
      respectively. Other steroid hormones that were tested had minimal activity,
      indicating binding specificity. Steroid hormone actions in T. mentagrophytes were
      examined in growth studies. Growth was assessed by determination of cellular ATP
      content. Progesterone inhibited growth in a dose-responsive manner, with a 50%
      inhibition concentration of 5.5 X 10(-6) M. Partial recovery from inhibition
      occurred after 24 to 48 h; inhibition could be enhanced by dividing the amount of
      added progesterone every 24 h. In the same rank order as was their relationship
      to each other and progesterone in binding studies, deoxycorticosterone and
      dihydrotestosterone were less effective inhibitors; other steroid hormones that
      were tested showed no consistent effect. We hypothesize that the binder
      described, acting as a hormone receptor, is the molecular site of action for the
      functional effect of the hormone. The functional effect may be related to the
      observed resistance of females to dermatophytosis.

PMID- 3710586
TI  - Double-blind analysis of the relation between adult periodontitis and systemic
      host response to suspected periodontal pathogens.
AB  - By using a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, 200 randomly selected
      sera from Red Cross blood donors were screened for immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA,
      and IgM levels against Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Bacteroides
      gingivalis, and Bacteroides intermedius. A subgroup of 79 blood donors was
      clinically examined for type and extent of periodontal destruction, and
      serological and clinical data were subjected in all possible dual combinations to
      correlation analyses. The results revealed that the majority of the blood donors
      suffered from moderate to severe adult periodontitis, often coupled with severe
      gingival inflammation. No cases of localized juvenile periodontitis or rapidly
      progressive periodontitis were observed. The extent of periodontal destruction
      proved to be significantly correlated only to the IgG response levels against B.
      gingivalis. Corresponding correlation tests assessing the relationships of loss
      of attachment, bone loss, pocket depth, and papillary bleeding index with the IgG
      responses to A. actinomycetemcomitans were of marginal significance, while the
      IgG responses to B. intermedius revealed no relationship to the periodontal
      health status. The specific IgM responses proved to be unrelated to the clinical
      parameters, but interestingly, they were found to be highly correlated with each
      other. Specific IgA levels were frequently too low for enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay testing and, therefore, had to be exempted from statistical
      analyses. Assessments of the serotype specificity of strongly elevated IgG
      responses to A. actinomycetemcomitans disclosed no evidence for an association of
      a particular serotype-specific IgG response with the occurrence of adult
      periodontal destruction. In contrast to results of earlier studies, a number of
      sera were found to contain strongly elevated IgG levels against two or even all
      three serotypes. Although derived by an alternative approach, the reported
      results largely corroborate earlier observations linking only the occurrence of
      elevated anti-B. gingivalis IgG responses to the presence of marked periodontal
      lesions in adults.

PMID- 3710587
TI  - Identification of suppressive components in "Haemophilus somnus" fractions which
      inhibit bovine polymorphonuclear leukocyte function.
AB  - "Haemophilus somnus" fractions which inhibited iodination of protein by bovine
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes were isolated by heat extracting a washed bacterial
      suspension at 60 degrees C or incubating the bacterial suspension at 37 degrees C
      and were partially purified by ultrafiltration. The components in each fraction
      were separated by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and
      identified as ribonucleotides, a ribonucleoside, and purine and pyrimidine bases.
      Most of the compounds were found to be inhibitory to iodination in a dose
      dependent manner. When the effect of each component on iodination at the
      concentrations present in "H. somnus" fractions was determined, it was found that
      guanine and GMP were the components responsible for most of the suppression in
      the fraction isolated by heat extraction, whereas guanine and adenine were the
      major inhibitory components in the fraction isolated by incubation at 37 degrees
      C.

PMID- 3710588
TI  - Appearance of Fc receptors on polymorphonuclear leukocytes after migration and
      their role in phagocytosis.
AB  - The effect of the migration of bovine blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)
      in vitro on their phagocytic activity was studied. PMNs were examined before and
      after migration through various membranes for rosette formation with sensitized
      sheep erythrocytes to detect Fc receptors (FcRs), phagocytic activity mediated
      through FcRs with opsonized staphylococci (Smith strain), and phagocytic activity
      mediated through nonimmunological receptors with unopsonized staphylococci
      (strain 305). Migration of PMNs was observed from the upper to the lower
      compartment of the blind well chamber through Millipore and Nuclepore membranes;
      through Millipore, Nuclepore, and nylon membranes coated with collagen; and
      through collagen-coated Millipore, Nuclepore, and nylon membranes overlaid with
      MA-104, BHK-21, MDBK-99, TB, or FBHE cells. Random migration of PMNs toward the
      plain medium (the same medium in the upper and lower compartments) through the
      membranes with and without a monolayer of cells increased the percentage of PMNs
      forming rosettes. In contrast, migration toward the medium containing
      lipopolysaccharide (LPS), formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (FMLP), or
      zymosan-activated serum (Act. serum) did not change the percentage of PMNs
      forming rosettes. The increased percentage of PMNs forming rosettes was
      associated with the enhanced phagocytosis of opsonized staphylococci (mediated by
      FcRs). In contrast, migration of PMNs toward LPS, FMLP, or Act. serum did not
      enhance phagocytosis mediated through FcRs. However, PMNs after migration toward
      LPS, FMLP, Act. serum, and plain medium enhanced phagocytosis of unopsonized
      staphylococci (mediated through the nonimmunological receptors).

PMID- 3710589
TI  - Primary murine immunoglobulin M responses to certain pneumococcal capsular
      polysaccharides consist primarily of anti-pneumococcal cell wall carbohydrate
      antibodies.
AB  - The antibody induced in mice immunized with a vaccine preparation of type 6
      (Danish type 6A) pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide (S6) reacted with several
      chemically disparate pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides. Equivalent numbers of
      plaque-forming cells were observed when sheep erythrocytes coated with either S6,
      type 19 pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide (S19), or the pneumococcal cell wall
      carbohydrate (PnC) were used to detect the response to S6 or to S19. The addition
      of exogenous PnC to the plaquing mixtures of spleen cells from S6-, S19-, or PnC
      immunized mice inhibited the appearance of most (greater than or equal to 85%) of
      the plaque-forming cells. Furthermore, the addition of monoclonal antibody
      specific for the dominant (TEPC 15) idiotype of anti-phosphorylcholine (a
      component of PnC) antibodies also inhibited the appearance of most of the plaque
      forming cells. A suppressed S19 response was induced by priming mice with a low
      dose of S19 or PnC 3 days before immunization with an optimal dose of S19 (low
      dose paralysis). These results demonstrated that most, if not all, of the
      antibody stimulated by these preparations of S6 and S19 was actually induced by
      and was specific for PnC.

PMID- 3710590
TI  - Estimation of growth parameters for some oral bacteria grown in continuous
      culture under glucose-limiting conditions.
AB  - The coexistence of bacteria in natural environments can often be explained in
      terms of competition for a growth-limiting substrate(s), and the outcome of such
      competition depends upon relevant growth parameters such as substrate affinity
      and yield. Dental plaque bacteria are frequently carbon and energy limited.
      Growth parameters for seven oral Streptococcus species and one Actinomyces
      viscosus strain were estimated under glucose-limited conditions in continuous
      culture. In all strains, mixed-acid fermentation occurred at low growth rates,
      while amounts of lactate increased at higher growth rates. Two important growth
      parameters, mumax and Y glucose, were very similar in the two serotype c
      Streptococcus mutans strains (T8 and Ingbritt), one of the serotype d/g
      Streptococcus mutans strains (OMZ65), and the two Streptococcus milleri strains
      (699B3 and B448). Two other serotype d/g S. mutans strains (KIR and B13) were
      divergent from this group and had lower mumax values and a lower Y glucose. The
      maintenance energy coefficients were lower in the S. mutans serotype c strains,
      and the highest values were observed in the S. milleri strains. While A. viscosus
      had a lower mumax, its lower maintenance rate and significantly higher yield
      indicate that it deals much more efficiently with glucose than do the
      streptococci. The most striking feature of amino acid utilization was that
      arginine was completely consumed by S. milleri strains; similarly, A. viscosus
      used up all available asparagine as did one of the S. milleri strains at faster
      growth rates. It is suggested that the ability of strains of S. milleri and S.
      sanguis to utilize arginine in addition to carbohydrate as a source of energy may
      explain why such organisms increase in proportion in the plaque of subjects
      consuming diets almost devoid of fermentable carbohydrate.

PMID- 3710591
TI  - Effect of fluoride on Treponema denticola.
AB  - The effect of fluoride on the growth of Treponema denticola was studied.
      Fluoride, at a concentration of 20 micrograms/ml, was found to suppress the
      growth of all three strains tested. Growth was completely inhibited by 40
      micrograms of fluoride per ml.

PMID- 3710592
TI  - Peripheral blood leukocyte counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive
      protein in tularemia caused by the type B strain of Francisella tularensis.
AB  - The behavior of leukocytes, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive
      protein (CRP) in tularemia caused by Type B of Francisella tularensis was
      analyzed in different clinical forms and severities of disease in 101 adult
      tularemia patients. The mean leukocyte count was 8.3 X 10(9)/l and the leukocyte
      differential count was also usually normal. The behavior of leukocytes was
      similar in different clinical forms and severities of tularemia. The changes in
      differential counts were milder than reported earlier. Both CRP and ESR were
      higher in severe than in milder forms of tularemia (p less than 0.05 and p less
      than 0.01, respectively), and CRP was higher in pulmonary than in ulceroglandular
      tularemia during the second week (p less than 0.05). There were high individual
      CRP concentrations of up to 225 mg/l in acute tularemia but there were also low
      CRP values (10-40 mg/l). Thus the behavior of CRP in tularemia resembled that
      seen in tuberculosis, and CRP did not always allow differentiation of tularemia
      from viral diseases.

PMID- 3710593
TI  - Mortality in the years following bacterial meningitis.
AB  - During the years 1966-1976, 875 patients were treated for bacterial meningitis at
      the University Clinic for Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen. By about January 1,
      1980, all 782 surviving patients had been traced. 87 had died in the observation
      period of four to 15 years. Mortality in the years following meningitis was
      studied by means of a comparison with the expected mortality in a matched normal
      population, using a computer program for the determination of late excess
      mortality. Late excess mortality was significantly increased during the first two
      years following discharge after meningitis and was of the same magnitude in the
      major etiological groups. The cumulative five-year late excess mortality rate was
      higher in the group of patients between 30 and 60 years, in those transferred
      from other hospitals, in those in coma or somnolence on admission and in those
      developing convulsions during hospitalization. In the group of patients aged 30
      to 60 years, 11 patients died during the first two years after discharge. In nine
      of these cases, the main cause or the concomitant causes of death were conditions
      predisposing to infections or bacterial meningitis. The frequency of the causes
      of death in the 87 patients who died was not significantly different from that
      among the general Danish population.

PMID- 3710595
TI  - Bacteremia in patients suffering from cirrhosis.
AB  - In a five-year retrospective study, there were 57 episodes of bacteremia among
      1623 admissions (3.5%) of patients suffering from cirrhosis. Gram-positive
      bacteria were found in 70% of the episodes, gram-negative bacteria in 30%. All of
      the gram-positive bacteria found were fully sensitive to methicillin and to
      gentamicin. The gram-negative bacteria found were all sensitive to gentamicin,
      but only 50% were sensitive to ampicillin. The distribution between gram-positive
      and gram-negative bacteria was the same, irrespective of whether the patients
      acquired the infection inside or outside the hospital. More than 50% of the
      patients suffered from one or more of the following complications of cirrhosis:
      ascites, encephalopathy and haematemesis. Twenty-one patients died within seven
      days after the bacteremia was diagnosed. Bacteremia is a serious complication of
      advanced cirrhosis, and it is recommended that adequate antibiotic treatment is
      started when septicemia is suspected.

PMID- 3710596
TI  - Toxic shock syndrome in hospitalized patients with Staphylococcus aureus
      infection.

PMID- 3710594
TI  - Chronic evolution of acute hepatitis type B: prevalence and predictive markers.
AB  - During a prospective study of acute symptomatic viral hepatitis, started in 1978,
      664 consecutive adult patients, including 223 drug abusers, fulfilled the
      diagnostic criteria (anti-HBc IgM positivity) for acute type B hepatitis. In
      order to evaluate the outcome of the disease, 443 patients were followed for up
      to 12 months after the onset. 2.4% of the infections became chronic; the rate did
      not significantly differ between drug addicts and non-drug abusers, suggesting
      that chronic hepatitis is a rare complication of acute symptomatic hepatitis type
      B. Ongoing liver damage after clearance of HBsAg from serum was observed in drug
      abusers only (14% of the cases). Clinical, biochemical and virological features
      of the acute phase in patients with ongoing infection were compared with those of
      uncomplicated cases. Anicteric hepatitis and lower transaminase values were
      significantly (p less than 0.05) associated to a chronic evolution of the
      disease, as well as a higher prevalence of HBV-DNA, DNA polymerase and HBcAg
      positivity in serum. Testing HBV-DNA and DNA polymerase early in the course of
      the infection appeared to be of high predictive value for the subsequent outcome
      of the illness.

PMID- 3710597
TI  - Unusual low-grade cryptosporidial enteritis in AIDS: a case report.

PMID- 3710598
TI  - Cefotaxime in brain abscesses.

PMID- 3710599
TI  - Kawasaki disease with serological evidence of streptococcal infection.

PMID- 3710600
TI  - Infections among cruise passengers (a Legionella-like organism?)

PMID- 3710601
TI  - Bioresponses in men after repeated exposures to single and simultaneous
      sinusoidal or stochastic whole body vibrations of varying bandwidths and noise.
AB  - This study deals with the changes in temporary hearing threshold (TTS2), upright
      body posture sway amplitudes in the X and Y direction, heart rate (HR), R-wave
      amplitude (RWA), systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, pulse
      pressure (PP) and the index characterizing haemodynamic activity (HDI), when the
      subjects were exposed to noise alone, to vibrations alone or to simultaneous
      noise and vibrations. The experiments were carried out in an exposure chamber and
      the number of exposure combinations was 12. Seven healthy, male students
      volunteered as subjects, making a total number of 84 experiments. For each person
      the experiment consisted of a 30-min control period, five consecutive 16-min
      exposures, between which there was a 4-min measuring interval, and a 15-min
      recovery period. The noise was broadband (bandwidth 0.2-16.0 kHz) A-weighted
      (white) noise. The noise categories were: (1) no noise and (2) noise with an
      intensity of 90 dBA. The categories of low-frequency whole body vibration in the
      direction of the Z-axis were: (1) vibration within the range 4.4-5.6 Hz, (2)
      vibration within the range 2.8-5.6 Hz, (3) vibration within the range 2.8-11.2
      Hz, (4) vibration within the range 1.4-11.2 Hz and (5) sinusoidal vibration with
      a frequency of 5 Hz. The (rms) acceleration in all the vibration models was 2.12
      m/s2. The results showed that the TTS2 values at 4 and 6 kHz increased as a
      result of simultaneous exposure to noise and vibration significantly more than as
      a result of exposure to noise alone. The TTS2 values increased more intensely
      during the first 16-min exposure. The means of the variances in the amplitudes of
      body upright posture sway changed not only after exposures to vibration alone,
      but also after exposure to noise alone. The means of the sway variances in the X
      and Y directions at 0.1 Hz and within the range 0.06 to 2.00 Hz increased only
      when the vibration in the noise-vibration combination was sinusoidal. The changes
      in the heart rate, R-wave amplitude and blood pressure values also depended on
      the bandwidth of the vibration, the number of consecutive exposures and on
      whether the subjects were simultaneously exposed to noise in addition to
      vibration. As a rule, the effects of sinusoidal vibration differed from those due
      to stochastic vibrations.

PMID- 3710602
TI  - Visual disturbances after industrial triethylamine exposure.
AB  - Among 19 workers in a polyurethane foam production plant, visual disturbances
      ("foggy vision", "blue haze", and sometimes halo phenomena) were reported on a
      total of 47 occasions by five workers over 11 weeks. The symptoms were associated
      with triethylamine exposure. Time-weighted average levels of 12 to 13 mg/m3 were
      recorded at work operations associated with symptoms, and 4 to 5 mg/m3 at other
      tasks. Twice as high peak levels were recorded. A detailed medical examination of
      the five affected workers in a free interval did not reveal any signs of
      permanent eye disease.

PMID- 3710603
TI  - Delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase amounts in lead-exposed subjects:
      description of a method correlated with the immunoturbidimetric assay.
AB  - The measurement of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA.D) activity is a
      good index of lead exposure. Recently, we proposed an immunoturbidimetric assay
      which allows determination of the amount of the enzyme. This last test is
      particularly interesting for workers presenting high blood-lead levels. We then
      studied the effects of different agents (dithiothreitol, heat and zinc ions) in
      restoring the activity of lead-inhibited ALA.D. The individual or combined
      effects of these three agents showed an additive restoration of activity. The
      combination of zinc ions with heat and/or DTT gave the best activations, which
      correlated perfectly with ALA.D amounts. Consequently, the catalytic assay using
      zinc ions and DTT may be used in routine testing as an indirect measurement of
      ALA.D amount.

PMID- 3710604
TI  - Mould exposure in museum personnel.
AB  - In the basement archives of a local arts and crafts museum where the books and
      bookkeeping registers were handled, a woman on the museum staff had had ten
      attacks of fever, chill, nausea and cough during one year. The symptoms appeared
      at the end of the working day and disappeared after one to three days at home. No
      symptoms could be detected during the summer holidays. The books stored in the
      basement archives had earlier been stored in a small house with a leaky roof,
      which had led to the growth of mould on the books. When the books were handled at
      the museum, they were still covered with mould. The exposure measurements showed
      10(6) CFU/m3 and a total of 10(8) microorganisms/m3.

PMID- 3710605
TI  - Allergens in pollen from mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris L.). II. Characterization of
      a crude and a partly purified extract of mugwort pollen with particular emphasis
      on the glycoprotein allergen Ag7.
AB  - A crude and a partly purified extract of mugwort pollen were characterized with
      particular emphasis on the glycoprotein allergen Ag7. Crossed
      immunoaffinoelectrophoresis with immobilized Con A in the intermediate gel
      demonstrated binding of Ag7 to this lectin, indicating that Ag7 contains terminal
      alpha-D-mannopyranosyl and/or alpha-D-glucopyranosyl residues. Crossed
      immunoaffinoelectrophoresis with free Con A in the first-dimension gel
      demonstrated microheterogeneity in the carbohydrate moiety of the allergen.
      Crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis analysis using sera from 26 mugwort-allergic
      patients indicated that Ag7 is an important allergen in mugwort pollen. Heat
      stability experiments demonstrated the presence of at least three heat-resistant
      allergens, one of these being Ag7. Crossed immunoelectrofocusing indicated a pI
      value for Ag7 of 4.3.

PMID- 3710606
TI  - Appearance of mast cells in bone marrow, peripheral blood and spleen of immunized
      rats.
AB  - The appearance of mast cells and their progenitors was studied in rats. The
      animals were immunized according to a protocol utilizing 2-week periods of daily
      administration of small doses of ovalbumin either as aerosol or as subcutaneous
      injection without adjuvant. These procedures are known to induce allergic
      responses of the IgE-mediated type. The immunization procedures resulted in
      increased numbers of mature mast cells in bone marrow. There were also increased
      numbers of progenitors, as indicated by increased maturation of mast cells in
      cultures of bone marrow cells from immunized animals compared with nonimmunized
      controls. Bone marrow cells in cultures from immunized and nonimmunized animals
      showed similarly increased maturation of mast cell progenitors when stimulated
      with conditioned medium from mixed lymphocyte reaction cultures. The number of
      progenitors was considerably lower in peripheral blood and spleen than in bone
      marrow. However, cultures of cells from peripheral blood and spleen of aerosol
      immunized rats contained cells which matured into mast cells after addition of
      medium from mixed lymphocyte reaction cultures. The study shows that in immune
      responses similar to those seen in allergic individuals mast cells are normal
      constituents.

PMID- 3710607
TI  - Enhanced IgE antibody production in mice injected with fly ash.
AB  - The adjuvant effect of fly ash injected via various routes on IgE antibody
      production was examined in mice. Primary anti-ovalbumin (OA) IgE antibody
      production was induced by intratracheal and intraperitoneal injection with fly
      ash and OA, but not by the intragastric route. Both the intratracheal and the
      intraperitoneal routes showed similar efficiency in inducing IgE antibody
      production. High secondary anti-OA IgE antibody response by exposure to
      aerosolized OA was also observed in mice primed with intratracheal instillation
      of fly ash plus OA. The activity to induce IgE antibody production by fly ash
      instillation was almost the same as that by aluminum silicate, studied
      previously. Primary and secondary anti-OA IgG antibody production was also
      stimulated by intratracheal instillation of fly ash. These results suggest that
      fly ash has an adjuvant activity in the induction of IgE and IgG antibody
      production in mice.

PMID- 3710608
TI  - Toxic epidermal necrolysis with extensive mucosal erosions of the
      gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts.
AB  - Toxic epidermal necrolysis with epidermal shedding over almost the entire body
      occurred in a patient with classical rheumatoid arthritis treated with sulindac,
      penicillamine and a combination analgesic containing paracetamol and
      chlormezanone. Erosions in the lower respiratory tract and the intestine
      contributed to a lethal outcome of the disease and showed a microscopical picture
      similar to that of the skin involved. The histopathological picture of these
      extracutaneous lesions have been only briefly reported previously.

PMID- 3710609
TI  - Tumor immunity in rats immunized with rat carcinoembryonic antigen.
AB  - Active immunization of rats with an emulsion consisting of Freund's complete
      adjuvant (FCA) and an extract of rat tumor containing carcinoembryonic antigen
      (CEA) induced clear-cut protection from growth of the syngeneic CEA-positive
      tumor, RCA-1. No protection was observed in rats treated with FCA alone nor was
      there protection against a tumor that no serologically detectable CEA. The
      results suggested that the tumor immunity exhibited by the immunized rats was
      mediated by an immune response specific for rat CEA. It was shown further that
      multiparous rats were more resistant to growth of RCA-1 tumor than nulliparous
      rats. This suggested that immunization against rat CEA, which is an oncofetal
      antigen, may occur during pregnancy.

PMID- 3710610
TI  - Immunoblotting analysis of antigliadin antibodies in the sera of patients with
      dermatitis herpetiformis and gluten-sensitive enteropathy.
AB  - Antigliadin antibodies (AGA) were analyzed by immunoblotting from the sera of 30
      patients with dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) and of 13 patients with gluten
      sensitive enteropathy (GSE). The results were correlated to the jejunal
      morphology and to the serum AGA values as quantified with an enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Immunoblotting analysis disclosed a distinct pattern
      of AGA which was similar in patients with DH and GSE. In both diseases individual
      variation in IgG class AGA patterns was large, suggesting that several antigenic
      determinants are involved in the AGA response. The IgA class AGA pattern was
      clearly more homogeneous. The sera with several bands in immunoblotting had the
      highest AGA levels in ELISA. Strong staining in the main gliadin area (bands from
      31 to 38 kd) indicated severely damaged intestinal mucosa whereas the serum of DH
      patients with partial villous atrophy or normal mucosa showed usually weaker
      staining. The immunoblotting pattern of sera from healthy controls was even
      weaker but was directed against the same polypeptides as in the patients
      suggesting a quantitative rather than qualitative difference between healthy and
      diseased subjects. This difference was, however, more obvious in the IgA than in
      the IgG class AGA pattern possibly indicating a more fundamental defect in the
      regulation of synthesis of IgA isotype in DH and GSE.

PMID- 3710611
TI  - Labile disulfide bonds and free thiol groups in human IgG. I. Assignment to IgG1
      and IgG2 subclasses.
AB  - The content of free SH groups (about 0.24) and labile S-S bonds (about 0.64) per
      mole human IgG can be differentially determined by the reaction with 5,5'
      dithio(2,2'-dinitro)benzoate (DTNB) for 30 min and 24 h, respectively. Highly
      significant linear correlations were found between the number of labile S-S and
      the percentage of IgG1, and the number of free SH and the percentage of IgG2 of
      the total IgG fraction. It is concluded that the IgG1 molecule contains one S-S
      bond which is opened during the 24 h interaction with DTNB by a disulfide
      exchange reaction. This was also confirmed by the investigation of pure monomeric
      IgG1. The splitting of this bond does not alter molecular weight, antigenic
      properties or antigen binding activity, but reduces significantly the complement
      binding activity of IgG. On the other hand, one free SH group could be found in
      the IgG2 molecule. Changes have been observed in SH and S-S levels of total IgG
      in patients with various malignant diseases that are to be explained by
      corresponding changes of the percentages of IgG1 and IgG2.

PMID- 3710612
TI  - Labile disulfide bonds and free thiol groups in human IgG. II. Characteristic
      changes in malignant diseases corresponding to shifts of IgG1 and IgG2
      subclasses.
AB  - As recently shown, the measurement of labile disulfide bonds and free thiol
      groups of human IgG using 5,5'-dithio(2,2'-dinitro)benzoic acid (DTNB) provides
      direct information about the relative concentrations of IgG1 and IgG2,
      respectively. Furthermore, using this technique data have been obtained that show
      a decrease in labile S-S (corresponding to IgG1) and increase of free SH
      (corresponding to IgG2) in IgG from patients afflicted with various malignant
      diseases. In the present study a total of 280 sera from patients with
      malignancies of various tissue origin was investigated. Significantly reduced
      sigma S values, i.e. the sum of free SH and labile S-S, were obtained with IgG
      from cases of carcinoma of the mammary gland, urinary bladder, skin and prostate,
      as compared to cases with benign diseases of the respective organs. Most
      pronounced differences were observed between benign and malignant disorders of
      the prostate. It was confirmed with this group of patients that the reduction of
      sigma S was due to the decrease of S-S bonds, whereas the number of free SH
      groups remained unchanged or was increased. The cases of mammary gland carcinoma
      were grouped according to clinical stage. A clear correlation between reduction
      of sigma S and tumor size was observed. The possible theoretical and clinical
      implications of these results are discussed.

PMID- 3710613
TI  - Lung cancer risk associated with cigar and pipe smoking.
AB  - A case-control study of 1,529 histologically confirmed male lung cancer cases and
      2,899 controls matched for sex, age, hospital of admission and interviewer was
      conducted in France between 1976 and 1980. The results presented concern the
      effects of smoking habits, especially cigar and pipe use, on the occurrence of
      lung cancer, in a total of 38 exclusive cigar smokers, 61 exclusive pipe smokers
      and 586 mixed tobacco smokers. Exclusive cigar or pipe use (RR = 5.6 and 1.6
      respectively) has been shown less harmful than exclusive cigarette smoking (RR =
      13.3), mixed cigar and cigarette smoking (RR = 8.5) and mixed pipe and cigarette
      smoking (RR = 8.0). Different inhalation practices were observed according to
      smoking habits: while among exclusive cigarette smokers 29.8% never inhaled the
      smoke, among exclusive cigar and exclusive pipe users these percentages were
      89.5% and 86.9 respectively. No significant increase with greater exposure to
      cigar was found among mixed cigar and cigarette smokers after adjustment for
      exposure to cigarettes, defined by duration and daily consumption of cigarettes
      (RR = 1.20), and by type of cigarettes smoked--light or dark, filter or nonfilter
      (RR = 1.13). Similar results were observed among mixed pipe and cigarette smokers
      after adjustment for cigarette exposure (RR = 0.95 and 1.04).

PMID- 3710614
TI  - Occurrence of a fetal fibroblast phenotype in familial breast cancer.
AB  - We have previously shown that fetal and adult human skin fibroblasts display
      distinctive migratory phenotypes when cultured on 3-dimensional collagen gels in
      vitro. In the present study, we have used this information to assess the
      migratory behavior of fibroblasts obtained from patients with either benign or
      malignant breast disease, and correlated this with the presence of a family
      history of breast cancer. We have observed that fibroblasts from 17/34 patients
      with no previous family history of breast cancer displayed fetal-type behavior in
      our assay system; in contrast, fibroblasts from 15/16 patients with a positive
      family history of breast cancer behaved abnormally. This apparently increased
      probability of expressing a fetal-type migratory phenotype in the patients with a
      family history is statistically significant (p less than 0.008). Skin fibroblasts
      obtained from 2 healthy and unaffected first-degree relatives (one male and one
      female) of patients with a family history of breast cancer also exhibited a fetal
      type migratory phenotype.

PMID- 3710615
TI  - A case-control study of dietary factors and stomach cancer risk in Poland.
AB  - We report results from a case-control study on stomach cancer conducted in 1980
      81 in Cracow, Poland, where the risk of this disease is among the highest
      reported world-wide. One hundred and ten cases from a surgical clinic were
      matched by age and sex to the same number of controls from the same hospital. A
      matched series from a population-based health survey was also considered. After
      adjusting for residency, smoking and various food items, cases and hospital
      controls showed significant differences in consumption of fruits (RR rarely vs.
      daily: 3.24; 95% CI: 1.56-6.77), joint consumption of vegetables, salads and
      fruits (RR low vs. high: 4.23; 95% CI: 1.41-12.63), and consumption of protein
      containing foods (RR low vs. high: 0.23; 95% CI: 0.08-0.61). Consumption of
      strong alcoholic beverages on an empty stomach (before breakfast) was associated
      with an RR of 2.09 (1.04-4.22). The findings are discussed in relation to the
      apparent urban/rural difference in stomach cancer incidence in Poland and the
      possible underlying etiological factors involved.

PMID- 3710616
TI  - Suppression of tumorigenicity by the cell-cycle-dependent control of cellular
      differentiation and proliferation.
AB  - The experiments described in this report were designed to determine if
      suppression of tumorigenicity can be mediated by cell-cycle-dependent mechanisms
      that control cellular differentiation and/or proliferation in mesenchymal stem
      cells of the 3T3 T type. These cells were employed because they possess distinct,
      well-characterized cell-cycle-dependent mechanisms to control both cellular
      differentiation and proliferation. To achieve our goal we developed by non
      mutagenic procedures 23 clonal variants of 3T3 T stem cells that expressed one of
      4 distinct phenotypes for the regulation of cellular differentiation and
      proliferation. Six clones expressed combined defects in the control of
      differentiation and proliferation; 6 expressed intact mechanisms to control
      proliferation but defects in the control of differentiation; and 3 expressed
      intact mechanisms to control differentiation but defects in the control of
      proliferation. Finally, 8 clones expressed no detectable phenotypic defects in
      the control of either differentiation or proliferation. Once isolated and
      characterized, each of these clones was assayed for its tumorigenic potential.
      The results establish that clones which express combined defects in the control
      of differentiation and proliferation are highly tumorigenic. By contrast,
      tumorigenicity is markedly suppressed in clones that maintain the ability to
      control their proliferation or their differentiation. Furthermore, clones that
      maintained the ability to control both proliferation and differentiation showed
      no evidence of tumorigenicity. These data are interpreted to suggest that
      stringently regulated control of cellular differentiation and/or proliferation
      can act as a cancer suppressor mechanism.

PMID- 3710617
TI  - Influence of growth phase, nutrition and hypoxia on heterogeneity of cellular
      buoyant densities in in vitro tumor model systems.
AB  - EMT6/Ro multicellular spheroids were sequentially dissociated into outer, middle
      and inner layers, and the buoyant densities of these subpopulations were compared
      to aerobic or exponential or plateau-phase monolayers by isopycnic density
      centrifugation using Percoll as the gradient medium. Spheroids were more
      heterogeneous in buoyant density distributions than monolayer cultures. The outer
      layer cells of spheroids and fed plateau monolayers peaked at a similar density;
      the majority of middle-layer cells banded close to unfed plateau and exponential
      hypoxic monolayers, while most inner-layer cells banded where fed or unfed
      plateau hypoxic monolayer peaked in density. Our data suggest that metabolic
      heterogeneity due to growth phase, together with altered cellular
      microenvironment brought about by differences in oxygenation and external
      nutrient supplies between spheroids and monolayers, can be manifested in one
      biophysical parameter such as buoyant density.

PMID- 3710618
TI  - A radiobiological comparison of human tumor soft-agar clonogenic assays.
AB  - Radiation survival curves have been generated for 3 human tumor cell lines as a
      means of comparing and evaluating the validity of human tumor soft-agar
      clonogenic assays. The assays investigated were the Hamburger-Salmon, Courtenay
      Mills, Courtenay-Mills plus additions, soft agar (no additions), and soft agar
      plus additions. The additions were formulated to supplement the media used in
      soft agar assays of primary ovarian and cervical carcinoma specimens.
      Supplementing the media with additions led to a 2- to 3-fold increase in PE of
      CaSki cells but had no effect on the PEs of ME180 and OWI cells. Radiation
      survival curves were similar in all assays for CaSki and OWI but differed for
      ME180 cells. For ME180 cells, the Courtenay-Mills and soft agar assays plus
      additions produced the most radioresistant curves (Do = 2.2 Gy); the cells were
      more responsive when assayed by the Hamburger-Salmon method (Do = 1.5 Gy), and
      the soft agar and Courtenay-Mills assays gave the most radiosensitive curves (Do
      = 1.2 Gy). These results demonstrate that the PE of human tumor cell lines may be
      increased with no effect on radiation survival; radiation survival may be altered
      without changes in PE and neither may be altered by applying modifications and
      supplements to existing clonogenic assays.

PMID- 3710619
TI  - Sporadic somatic fusion between MDAY-D2 murine tumor cells and DBA/2 host cells:
      role in metastasis.
AB  - An ouabain- and 6-thioguanine-resistant mutant (K3T103) of the metastatic MDAY-D2
      murine tumor cell line was transplanted s.c. into syngeneic DBA/2 mice in order
      to isolate K3T103 X host cell hybrids emerging in vivo, and examine their
      metastatic potential. Of 10 tumor-bearing animals that were analyzed at various
      time intervals, only 3 developed fusion products in the primary site, present at
      a frequency ranging between 10(-5) and 10(-4). These hybrids survived in HAT +
      ouabain medium, had a lymphoblastoid morphology and a hypo-tetraploid karyotype,
      were non-adherent, and were as rapidly metastatic as K3T103 cells when
      transplanted s.c. or i.v. into DBA/2 mice. All these characteristics were shared
      by cloned hybrids generated in vitro following polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated
      fusion of K3T103 cells with normal DBA/2 normal splenocytes. In marked contrast,
      the products of K3T103 X DBA/2 normal lung fibroblast fusion displayed a
      fibroblastic appearance, were adherent, progressively ceased to divide and
      remained dormant for several weeks in culture. These results indicate: that
      spontaneous fusion of K3T103 cells with host cells in the course of their
      expansion and subsequent dissemination is a stochastic and rare event, and that
      since the expression of their tumorigenic and metastatic potential is retained
      after fusion with splenocytes, host cells of lymphoreticular origin are most
      likely involved in that process.

PMID- 3710620
TI  - Augmentation of B16 melanoma lung colony formation in C57BL/6 mice having marked
      granulocytosis.
AB  - The effect that polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) may have on the metastatic
      colonization of tumor cells is controversial: some laboratories have reported
      that PMN can inhibit metastasis whereas others have shown an augmentation effect.
      We have exploited our finding that a particular fibrosarcoma (BMT-11)
      transplanted subcutaneously into syngeneic C57BL/6 mice induces a progressive
      increase in the number of circulating PMN, to re-examine this question. We used
      such "granulocytosis-positive" mice as recipients of B16 melanoma cells to
      examine the influence of significant granulocytosis on the level of lung tumor
      colonies. The number of B16 melanoma lung colonies detected after intravenous
      (i.v.) injection was significantly higher in BMT-11 tumor-bearing mice with
      granulocytosis than in control (non-tumor-bearing) mice. Retention of 125IUdR
      labelled B16 cells 24 hr after the i.v. injection was 3 to 10 times greater in
      mice with granulocytosis than in controls. Either simultaneous injection, or
      preinjection of PMN with B16 cells, increased the lung-colonizing capacity of B16
      melanoma cells. These results suggest that abnormally increased numbers of PMN in
      the peripheral blood, particularly in the lung circulation, can enhance the
      ability of tumor cells to colonize or metastasize.

PMID- 3710621
TI  - Biochemical characterization and biologic activities of 82- and 86-kDa tumor
      antigens isolated from a methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma, CII-7.
AB  - Two tumor-specific antigens, with molecular weights of approximately 82 and 86
      kDa, have been isolated and purified to apparent homogeneity from the
      methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma, CII-7. The method of purification used was
      essentially that previously employed for the isolation of the 82- and 86-kDa
      antigens from the Meth A sarcoma and the 86-kDa antigen from mKSA sarcoma.
      Cytosolic fractions were subjected to hexylamine agarose chromatography,
      Sepharose S-300 filtration and hydroxylapatite chromatography. A final step, HPLC
      DEAE chromatography, was necessary for the purification of the 82-kDa protein.
      Both isolated antigens retained their specific immunogenicity for CII-7 as
      determined by in vivo tumor rejection assays, and failed to influence the growth
      of other syngeneic sarcomas, CI-4, CII-10 and mKSA, which have their own unique
      TATA. The 82- and 86-kDa antigens appear to be distinct proteins that are well
      conserved in nature and may represent members of distinct families of TATA.

PMID- 3710622
TI  - The management of arrhythmias in children; are electrophysiological studies of
      value?

PMID- 3710623
TI  - The role of oesophageal electrocardiography in the diagnosis of right ventricular
      hypertrophy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
AB  - Oesophageal electrocardiograms were recorded in 25 normal persons, 20 patients
      with chronic bronchitis and predominant emphysema without right ventricular
      hypertrophy and 25 patients with chronic cor pulmonale as an end result of
      chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. At ventricular level, patients with
      chronic cor pulmonale had higher P wave height, lower Q wave depth, lower R wave
      height, deeper S waves and lower R/S ratio as compared to the group with
      emphysema. In terms of the transitional zone, patients with cor pulmonale had
      smaller Q waves and a lower Q/R ratio. At atrial level, the patients with cor
      pulmonale had higher heights of the P and R waves and a lower Q/R ratio. All
      these differences were highly significant statistically (P less than 0.001). An
      R/S ratio of less than 2.5 at ventricular level had high sensitivity (96.0%),
      specificity (100%) and accuracy (98%) in diagnosing right ventricular hypertrophy
      in cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This criterion obtained from
      the oesophageal electrocardiogram is much more sensitive and accurate than those
      obtained routinely from the surface electrocardiogram in diagnosing right
      ventricular hypertrophy in cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

PMID- 3710624
TI  - Natural evolution of left ventricular haemodynamics following uncomplicated acute
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - In an attempt to investigate the changes in left ventricular haemodynamics
      following uncomplicated myocardial infarction 95 patients with definite
      electrocardiographic signs of infarction, without clinical signs of cardiac
      failure, were monitored with a Swan Ganz catheter for the first 24 hours after
      admission to hospital. The median delay from onset of symptoms was 6.8 hours.
      Mean heart rate increased (83-86 beats/min; P less than 0.05) while stroke volume
      index fell (38.4-36.6 ml/m2; P less than 0.05); cardiac index therefore remained
      unchanged during the observation period. As a result of a fall in arterial
      pressure both systemic vascular resistance and left ventricular stroke work index
      fell significantly (P less than 0.01). Pulmonary wedge pressure also fell (13.6
      10.5 mm Hg; P less than 0.001), but this fall was confined to patients whose
      initial reading was above the median of 13 mm Hg. Pulmonary wedge pressure fell
      both among the 41 patients who required some medical therapy (15.6-10.8 mm Hg; P
      less than 0.001) and the 54 who received no medication throughout the 24 hours
      (12.0-9.8 mm Hg; P less than 0.05). The 39 patients with anterior wall infarction
      had higher baseline pulmonary wedge pressure and systemic vascular resistance
      than the 42 with inferior wall infarction. Later the stroke volume and stroke
      work index were persistently lower reflecting the greater degree of impairment of
      left ventricular function in anterior wall infarction. In conclusion, following
      an uncomplicated myocardial infarction, cardiac index was maintained, despite a
      fall in stroke volume, by an increase in heart rate. Pulmonary wedge pressure
      showed both a spontaneous fall and a fall in those patients given additional
      medical therapy during the study period.

PMID- 3710625
TI  - The ductus arteriosus and stenoses of the pulmonary arteries in pulmonary
      atresia.
AB  - Forty-one specimens with pulmonary atresia and confluent pulmonary arteries were
      studied to establish the frequency and the nature of anomalies of both the ductus
      arteriosus and the central pulmonary arteries and their possible interrelation.
      The specimens were divided according to the type of pulmonary atresia: valvar
      atresia (12 cases) versus "muscular" atresia of the pulmonary orifice (29 cases).
      Abnormal connexions between the duct and the adjacent great arteries, as well as
      stenosis of a pulmonary artery, were common in cases with atresia of the
      pulmonary orifice and relatively rare in cases with imperforate valve. The
      abnormal connexions consisted of a proximal displacement of the origin of the
      duct from the aorta and displacement of the entry site of the duct into the
      pulmonary trunk towards one of the main pulmonary arteries. A left duct thus
      connected to the left and a right duct to the right pulmonary artery. Pulmonary
      artery stenosis, exclusively occurring in those specimens with a duct connecting
      to a pulmonary artery, were located in the segment of pulmonary artery between
      the pulmonary trunk and the duct. Histological examination revealed ductal tissue
      in the wall of a pulmonary artery in more than half of the cases with atresia of
      the pulmonary orifice. Ductal tissue in a pulmonary artery and pulmonary artery
      stenosis frequently coexisted. It is concluded that stenoses in the central
      pulmonary arteries may be related to the duct. The relationship resembles that
      between the duct and coarctation of the aorta.

PMID- 3710626
TI  - Severe obstruction to systemic blood flow in congenitally corrected transposition
      (discordant atrioventricular and ventriculo-arterial connexions): an analysis of
      14 patients.
AB  - The more common associated cardiac anomalies in any cohort of patients with
      discordant atrioventricular and ventriculo-arterial connexions (congenitally
      corrected transposition) include ventricular septal defect, left ventricular
      (subpulmonary) outlet obstruction, and displacement and/or dysplasia of the
      morphologically tricuspid valve. There is scant mention in the literature of
      severe obstruction to systemic blood flow at aortic valve level or beyond in
      these hearts. The present study reviews those pertinent morphological-clinical
      and follow-up data on 14 patients with congenitally corrected transposition and
      aortic valve atresia (one patient); aortic arch interruption or aortic arch
      atresia (two patients) and coarctation of the aorta (11 patients). All but one
      patient (the patient with aortic valve atresia) had a perimembranous ventricular
      septal defect. Mild outflow tract obstruction of the morphologically left
      ventricle was identified in one patient. Nine patients, however, demonstrated a
      significant structural and functional disturbance (Ebstein-like with dysplasia)
      of the systemic morphologically tricuspid valve. No patient in this series was
      identified with isolated aortic coarctation.

PMID- 3710627
TI  - Characterization of human pathological papillary muscles by 1H-NMR spectroscopic
      and histologic analysis.
AB  - Two groups of human pathological papillary muscle samples were analyzed by 1H-NMR
      spectroscopy and histology. The first group, mainly characterized by hypertrophy
      of the myocardial cells, interstitial edema and intracellular lipoperoxide
      accumulation showed similar T1 as well as T2 values. The second group, mainly
      characterized by hypertrophy of the myocardial cells, fibrosis and areas of
      necrosis showed T1 values longer than those of the first group while no
      appreciable differences were evident in the T2 values. These results suggest that
      a certain degree of correlation exists between the histologic features of the
      cardiac tissue examined and the relaxation behavior as defined by nuclear
      magnetic resonance spectroscopy even if a definite association between them is
      still not possible.

PMID- 3710628
TI  - Absent aortic valve leaflets.
AB  - A newborn with difficulty in feeding and with tachypnoea was admitted to the
      hospital. During the following days his condition deteriorated and he died at the
      age of 8 days. At autopsy we found an unusual association of hypoplastic left
      heart syndrome and absence of the aortic leaflets.

PMID- 3710629
TI  - Screening for the influence of host factors on warfarin clearance using a single
      dose single sample procedure.
AB  - A single dose, single sample procedure for estimating warfarin clearance for
      screening purposes was evaluated. Single sample estimates of warfarin clearance,
      CL/F, were closest to actual values for warfarin clearance, CL/F, calculated from
      multiple sample data when the sample was collected 120 h after warfarin
      ingestion. An apparent volume of distribution, V/F, of 0.17 l/kg was used in
      calculating CL/F. After a single dose of warfarin single sample values of CL/F
      averaged 0.243 l/h +/- 0.042 (N = 12) which compared well with a multiple sample
      based value of CL/F which was 0.243 l/h +/- 0.046 (N = 12). When an erythromycin
      pretreatment was started before warfarin ingestion and continued throughout the
      period of warfarin elimination CL/F decreased to 0.208 l/h +/- 0.047 while CL/F
      decreased to 0.210 l/h +/- 0.061. Mean prediction error for CL/F relative to CL/F
      was -0.001 l/h with a 95% confidence interval of -0.010 to 0.009 l/h. Warfarin is
      a drug with pharmacokinetic characteristics enabling it to be used in a single
      dose single sample procedure in screening for host factor influences on its
      clearance.

PMID- 3710630
TI  - Biliary elimination of apalcillin: an experimental and clinical study.
AB  - After adding 10 mg of apalcillin to the circulating blood of five isolated rabbit
      liver perfusion preparations, total apalcillin biliary recovery over a 3 h-period
      accounted for 30.7% of the administered dose; the biliary peak level averaged
      686.0 +/- 135.9 micrograms/ml. In five healthy subjects, a maximum level of 1088
      +/- 582 micrograms/ml was measured in the duodenal fluid collected during 4 h
      following intravenous injection of 1 g of apalcillin. In 10 cholecystectomized
      patients provided with T-tube drainage, after the same dosage, a biliary peak of
      2093 +/- 859 micrograms/ml was attained in the 3rd hour and cumulative biliary
      recovery over a 12 h-period amounted to 12.1% of the injected dose. In 20
      patients undergoing biliary surgery, intra-operative simultaneous sampling
      performed 1 h after intravenous injection of 1 g of apalcillin showed antibiotic
      levels of 65.5 +/- 5.0 micrograms/ml in serum, 3860 +/- 551 micrograms/ml in
      common bile duct bile and 2552 +/- 627 micrograms/ml in gallbladder bile. The
      results of these investigations were compared with data previously obtained with
      13 other beta-lactam derivatives.

PMID- 3710631
TI  - Noninvasive techniques in clinical pharmacology. Time intervals in assessment of
      vasodilators in coronary artery disease.
AB  - We enrolled 15 male volunteers with angiographic evidence of coronary artery
      disease (CAD) to investigate the effects of sublingual administration, on
      different days, at random, of placebo and three drugs with different action such
      as isosorbide dinitrate, nifedipine and molsidomine. We recorded simultaneously
      electrocardiogram, phonocardiogram and carotid pulse at paper speed of 100 mm/s;
      blood pressure was measured by auscultatory method. We calculated the systolic
      time intervals (STI) being noninvasive indices of left ventricular function and
      the ratio of diastolic time to heart rate (%D), well related to coronary blood
      flow in patients with severe obstructive lesions. Placebo decreased heart rate
      (HR) without effects on STI or %D. Isosorbide dinitrate induced a prolonged pre
      ejection period (PEP) (by decreasing preload), tachycardia and a significantly
      decreased %D, suggesting a fall in coronary blood flow time. Nifedipine decreased
      diastolic blood pressure and values of PEP (by decreasing afterload) without
      effects on %D. Finally, molsidomine prolonged PEP (by decreasing preload) without
      reflex induced tachycardia and changes of %D. In conclusion, mechanocardiography
      can be useful in noninvasive assessment of vasodilators in CAD patients.

PMID- 3710632
TI  - Study of bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of theophylline following
      administration of two sustained release dosage forms as assessed by salivary
      data: Part II.
AB  - Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of theophylline following administration of
      a marketed sustained release tablet (Theo-Dur) and a newly designed sustained
      release tablet (E-0686) have been studied in fifteen healthy volunteers by
      measuring plasma and salivary concentrations. The theophylline level in saliva
      was 42.3 +/- 0.008 (s.e.m.) % of the plasma level and its correlation coefficient
      was 0.908. This observation suggests that salivary levels are considered to be a
      good indicator of the plasma concentration of theophylline. Interformulation
      variability in the saliva/plasma ratio was not significant in four occasions (p
      greater than 0.05). Thus, it was confirmed that the saliva/plasma ratio was
      nearly constant after administration of sustained release preparations of
      theophylline. Bioequivalency as to the extent of bioavailability of the two
      preparations was demonstrated by measurements of plasma and salivary levels.
      Compared to the theophylline levels in non-smokers, lower concentrations were
      observed in smokers at elimination phase by measurements of both the plasma and
      salivary levels, but shorter elimination half-life in smokers was indicated only
      in salivary data.

PMID- 3710633
TI  - Effects of nadolol on systemic and renal hemodynamics in patients with
      renoparenchymal hypertension and various degrees of renal function.
AB  - It has been shown that renal hemodynamic changes following the decrease in
      cardiac output (CO) after therapy with beta-blockers may affect glomerular
      filtration rate (GFR), therefore limiting the effectiveness of these drugs;
      obviously more serious effects might be expected in nephropathic patients with
      previously reduced renal function. Recent clinical studies have demonstrated that
      nadolol, a non-cardioselective beta-blocker, preserves the renal blood flow (RBF)
      and the GFR. In this study, the drug was administered alone (80 mg once daily)
      for 2 months to 9 male renal parenchymal hypertensive patients with normal or
      moderately reduced renal function. Systemic and renal hemodynamics, plasma volume
      (PV), plasma renin activity (PRA) and urinary aldosterone excretion (UA) were
      evaluated before and after treatment. As blood pressure (BP) fell so did the
      cardiac index (4.27 +/- 1.05 l/min/m2 to 3.14 +/- 0.48 p less than 0.01), while
      the peripheral resistance index (TPRI) rose slightly (2257 +/- 658 to 2459 +/-
      498 p = NS). No change in PV, RBF, GFR and renal vascular resistance was
      observed. An increasing trend in PRA (0.81 +/- 0.56 to 1.27 +/- 0.95 ng/ml/h) and
      no change in UA were observed. Our data show that nadolol was both well tolerated
      and effective in lowering BP, that it caused systemic hemodynamic alterations
      similar to those described for other beta-blockers, and preserved RBF and GFR
      also in renal hypertensive patients with reduced non-azotemic renal function.

PMID- 3710634
TI  - Bioavailability of metformin. Comparison of solution, rapidly dissolving tablet,
      and three sustained release products.
AB  - To study the bioavailability of metformin from aqueous solution (A), a rapidly
      dissolving tablet (B), and three sustained release products (D, C, E), a single
      oral dose (1.0 g) of these products was administered to six healthy volunteers in
      a randomized cross-over study. Plasma levels of metformin were followed up to 10
      h and excretion into urine up to 48 h after the dose. The peak plasma levels
      after A and B were similar and significantly (p less than 0.05) higher than after
      C, D and E. The AUC was significantly (p less than 0.05) higher with A than with
      other products. The recovery of metformin in urine was 37%, 33%, 25%, 28% and 29%
      of the dose after A, B, C, D and E, respectively. The values of A and B were
      significantly (p less than 0.05) higher than those of C, D and E. The renal
      clearance of metformin was similar after all the products, averaging 518 +/- 16
      (SE) ml/min. The terminal elimination half-life on the basis of urinary excretion
      rate data averaged 12.6 +/- 0.6 h with no significant difference between the
      products. The bioavailability on the basis of urinary excretion of metformin
      showed a significant (p less than 0.05) positive correlation to the dissolution
      rate of the products in vitro. Thus, the bioavailability of metformin even from
      aqueous solution and rapidly dissolving tablets is relatively low and further
      deteriorates when metformin is administered as sustained release products. The
      bioavailability of the three sustained release products studied was similar.

PMID- 3710635
TI  - Plasma concentrations of flunitrazepam (Rohypnol) following oral and sublingual
      administration.
AB  - Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol) 2.0 mg was given as a single dose by the oral or
      sublingual route to ten volunteers using a cross-over design. Plasma
      concentrations of the drug were measured by gas-liquid chromatography for up to 6
      hours after administration. The highest mean concentration occurred 45 min after
      administration irrespective of route. No significant differences were found
      between the two treatments at any time. Since the sublingual route compares
      favorably with other routes of administration, these findings suggest that
      sublingual flunitrazepam is valuable for premedication.

PMID- 3710637
TI  - Personality and demographic characteristics of dropouts and completers in a
      nonhospital residential alcohol treatment program.
AB  - This study investigated the relationship of scores on the Psychopathic Deviate,
      Denial, Dependency, and MacAndrew Scales of the MMPI; intelligence; age; income;
      and education to continuance in a residential alcohol treatment program. Dropouts
      scored higher on the Psychopathic Deviate Scale than completers did. For
      completers, Psychopathic Deviate scores were correlated with age and Denial
      scores were correlated with intelligence. These relationships did not occur for
      dropouts. Findings were compared to research done in hospital settings.

PMID- 3710636
TI  - Spontaneous remission from the problematic use of substances: an inductive model
      derived from a comparative analysis of the alcohol, opiate, tobacco, and
      food/obesity literatures.
AB  - Despite obvious theoretical and treatment implications, the study of how
      individuals end the "compulsive" use of substances without formal treatment
      ("spontaneous remission") remains a relatively neglected topic. This paper
      reviews the literature germane to spontaneous remission from four substances
      (opiates, alcohol, food/obesity, and tobacco) selected for their widely variant
      meanings within the mainstream North American culture. Common processes important
      to spontaneous remission from these four substances are identified and form the
      basis of an inductively derived model of spontaneous remission behavior. This
      model, relevant to interactionist theory, is offered for further, empirical
      testing.

PMID- 3710638
TI  - Alcoholism treatment outcomes among career soldiers.
AB  - An 18-month follow-up study was performed on 210 career soldiers treated for
      alcoholism. The goal of the investigation was to determine treatment
      effectiveness and predictors of success. Success rates were 63% or 77% dependent
      on the utilization of either clinical or occupational criteria. Findings
      indicated that lower-ranking soldiers were more likely to be treatment failures.
      Other findings are also discussed.

PMID- 3710639
TI  - Characteristics of patients who continue with alcohol outpatient treatment.
AB  - Demographic data were collected on 121 patients who were screened and accepted by
      the outpatient selection of the West Side VA alcohol rehabilitation program.
      Patients who engaged in active outpatient treatment (26%) were more likely to be:
      employed at night, sober at the time of the screening, and living within 40
      blocks of the hospital. Referring the patient to another facility for
      detoxification and admitting him to the inpatient section of the rehabilitation
      program decreased the chances that he would continue with outpatient care.

PMID- 3710640
TI  - Evaluation of a residential AA program.
AB  - The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Serenity Lodge
      alcohol rehabilitation program by comparing a group of 137 men who entered the
      program with the same number of similar men who did not enter the program after
      an admission to a detoxification hospital. The residential program, for which
      people must pay board, is based on the AA philosophy and reality therapy. Follow
      up interviews were conducted with three-quarters of the men in each group. Even
      after allowing for spontaneous remission as measured by the improvement in the
      control group, it was apparent that for a wide range of outcome criteria, and not
      just the obtaining of abstinence, the program was having a beneficial effect for
      the men who stayed at Serenity Lodge.

PMID- 3710641
TI  - Use of the Life Purpose Questionnaire with an alcoholic population.
AB  - This paper examines the potential use of the Life Purpose Questionnaire (LPQ),
      which is an uncomplicated paper-and-pencil instrument designed to measure an
      individual's sense of life meaning. Sense of life meaning is an important focus
      of Crumbaugh's logotherapy for alcoholics. Correlations between scores of the LPQ
      and the more complicated Purpose-in-Life Test are significant for three separate
      alcoholic groups. Based on these results, it is concluded that the LPQ can be
      used with alcoholics in order to obtain a quick and readily understandable
      measure of the individual's sense of life meaning.

PMID- 3710642
TI  - A British view of prescribing pharmaceutical heroin to opiate addicts: a critique
      of the "heroin solution" with special reference to the Piccadilly and Kensington
      market drug scenes in London.
AB  - Using data derived from the London drug subculture, this study evaluates a
      suggestion that has become a source of recent international discussion, namely
      that as a means of solving the "heroin problem" and organized crime's involvement
      in it, pharmaceutical heroin should be prescribed legally to opiate addicts. It
      concludes that if the "heroin solution" were implemented in London this policy
      would have a number of negative unintended consequences. It would not undercut
      the illicitly manufactured heroin market to any extent but would most probably
      lead as well to a rapid and substantial increase in the numbers of pharmaceutical
      heroin users in Britain. This examination also indicates the need to evaluate the
      "heroin solution" before it is introduced into other countries, in the light of
      issues examined in this analysis.

PMID- 3710643
TI  - Development and organization of services for alcoholics in Leningrad, USSR.
AB  - This report provides a brief, general overview of how alcoholism is reported to
      be dealt with in one of the Soviet Union's largest cities. It attempts to
      describe both the philosophical and applied approaches practiced, and affords an
      opportunity to compare these approaches with those in the United States.
      Specifically, the paper presents a brief historical review and description of
      services provided to clients at alcohol treatment centers in the city of
      Leningrad, USSR, and discusses contemporary Soviet attitudes toward alcoholism.

PMID- 3710644
TI  - A psychosocial typology of drug addicts and implications for treatment.
AB  - The underlying assumption of the paper is that the poor state of our
      understanding in the field of addiction stems, in part, from our failure to
      differentiate among different personality structures to be found in addicted
      people. To test this assumption, a typology was developed based on personal and
      psychological data of 663 drug addicts. Cluster analysis of these data, which did
      not include variables pertaining to drug abuse, resulted in nine types of addicts
      with different sociocultural backgrounds and psychological makeups. Treatment
      recommendations, including goals, techniques, staff, settings, and prognosis are
      offered for five types. The paper concludes that drug addicts are not a
      homogeneous group, but that there are different types of addicts with differing
      motives for drug use and differing psychological needs, and therefore drug
      addiction treatment should be matched with the specific needs of each type.

PMID- 3710645
TI  - Comparison of patrons of hotels with early opening and standard hours.
AB  - A comparison was made of 72 men who were patrons in hotels with 6 A.M. or 7 A.M.
      opening, with a control group of 87 men interviewed in nearby hotels with 10 A.M.
      opening. The two groups were very similar on biographical characteristics, yet
      the men in the early-opening group consumed significantly more alcohol, had more
      drinking sessions, spent longer in drinking, and had significantly higher SMAST
      scores. The early opening was apparently facilitating problem drinking.

PMID- 3710646
TI  - Edwards Personal Preference Schedule correlates of addiction counselor
      effectiveness.
AB  - Edwards Professional Preference Schedule scores of 21 male and 10 female
      paraprofessional chemical dependency counselors working at inpatient treatment
      centers were correlated with ratings and rankings of effectiveness by supervisors
      and peers. Counselors judged as more effective scored higher on Dominance and
      Heterosexuality and lower on Order. When compared to their respective normative
      samples, both male and female counselors scored higher on Intraception and
      Heterosexuality and lower on Order and Endurance. The findings suggest that
      characteristics suitable for other types of counseling activities are not
      necessarily optimal for alcoholic and addiction counselors.

PMID- 3710647
TI  - The interpersonal and emotional consequences of being an adult child of an
      alcoholic.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to compare adults raised in an alcoholic home (N =
      409) with those adults raised in a nonalcoholic home (N = 179) on their
      perceptions of alcohol-related differences in the home, violence, sexual abuse,
      communication, and interpersonal differences experienced as adults. The adults
      who were raised in alcoholic families reported significantly less utilization of
      interpersonal resources as a child; had significantly more family disruptions
      characterized by a higher divorce rate and premature parental and sibling death;
      reported more emotional and psychological problems in adulthood; experienced more
      physical and sexual abuse as children; and more frequently became alcoholic and
      married alcoholics when compared to adults raised in nonalcoholic families.

PMID- 3710648
TI  - An empirical study of maturing out: conditional factors.
AB  - Using data from the California Civil Addict Program, the study tested hypotheses
      about the possible conditional nature of the process of maturing out of heroin
      addiction. Hypotheses were tested in a five-way contingency table using the log
      linear model. Results show that maturing out of addiction with increasing age is
      inhibited by high levels of involvement in crime and drug dealing.

PMID- 3710649
TI  - The identification of adolescent substance abuse by health care professionals.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to investigate the frequency with which
      health care professionals identify alcohol and drug problems in an adolescent
      clinic population. The results indicated that the health care professionals were
      apt to judge far fewer adolescents as having an alcohol/drug problem than as
      having other problems common to this age group. Furthermore, adjusted citywide
      prevalence rates of adolescent alcohol abuse (12.7%) exceeded health care
      professionals' judgments (3.0%) by over fourfold.

PMID- 3710651
TI  - Personality and problem gambling.
AB  - Matched groups of problem and social gamblers were compared in terms of their
      locus of control and their responses to the Myers Briggs Type Indicator. Contrary
      to previous studies no significant differences occurred on the locus of control
      measure. It was hypothesized that problem gamblers would be more extraverted and
      intuitive than social gamblers. However, none of the four scales on the Myers
      Briggs Type Indicator showed a significant difference between the groups. These
      findings and the results of earlier studies are compared and discussed. Earlier
      studies are difficult to interpret because of inappropriate or inconsistent
      controls. It is suggested that future personality studies of problem gamblers
      differentiate between different types of gambling and different types of problem
      gamblers.

PMID- 3710650
TI  - Drug preference as a function of arousal and stimulus screening.
AB  - The sedating and arousing central nervous system effects of drugs have long been
      inferred to be a factor in their illicit use and abuse. The present study
      provides evidence to support this contention; specifically, preference for a
      particular drug is, in part, a function of arousal-seeking and stimulus-screening
      characteristics. In general, the results suggest that individuals who prefer
      central nervous system stimulants tend to have greater arousal-seeking tendencies
      and lower external stimulus screening ability than those who prefer central
      nervous system depressants. Opiate preferrers aligned more closely with stimulant
      preferrers than alcohol groups. Preferrers of hallucinogens were higher in
      internal stimulus screening than all other drug preference groups. Trait anxiety
      does not appear to be related to arousal seeking or to preference for arousing or
      sedating drugs.

PMID- 3710652
TI  - Portable breath alcohol testers and drinking-driving behavior of convicted drunk
      drivers.
AB  - The use of portable breath alcohol testers by convicted drunk drivers during a
      drinking-driving educational program had a nonsignificant impact on the frequency
      of drinking-driving episodes. The use of breath alcohol testers also failed to
      significantly reduce peak blood alcohol concentration during drinking-driving
      episodes. However, portable breath testers were used by certain drunk drivers in
      deciding not to drive after drinking as well as to slow or stop their drinking on
      occasion.

PMID- 3710653
TI  - Patient characteristics and attendance patterns in outpatient group
      psychotherapy.

PMID- 3710654
TI  - Time-limited group treatment of genital herpes patients.

PMID- 3710655
TI  - Premature termination in group psychotherapy: pretherapy and early therapy
      predictors.

PMID- 3710656
TI  - The concept of group space.

PMID- 3710657
TI  - Therapist transparency and the frame for group psychotherapy.

PMID- 3710658
TI  - On projective identification in couples' groups.

PMID- 3710659
TI  - Group psychotherapy with schizophrenic patients: the pairing group.

PMID- 3710660
TI  - The development of family transference in groups for the adult children of
      alcoholics.

PMID- 3710661
TI  - In vitro effects of 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol on the immune response of human
      peripheral blood lymphocytes.
AB  - The effects of 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-AcDON) on the in vitro mitogen
      responses and the antibody producing ability of human peripheral blood
      lymphocytes were evaluated. 3-AcDON inhibited the proliferative response to
      pokeweed mitogen and concanavalin A at a lower concentration (100 ng/ml) as
      compared to phytohemagglutinin (200 ng/ml). The antibody producing ability was
      inhibited by 3-AcDON concentrations of greater than or equal to 200 ng/ml. Higher
      concentrations of 3-AcDON (greater than or equal to 300 ng/ml) produced severe
      suppression of plaque forming cell response in vitro and reduced the total yield
      of lymphocytes without altering cell viability. The results of this study
      indicate that 3-AcDON produces immunosuppressive effects in a dose dependent
      manner in vitro.

PMID- 3710662
TI  - Differences in the effect of indomethacin and preincubation on the
      lymphoproliferative response to concanavalin A of spleen cells from low responder
      C57BL/6 and high responder BALB/c mice.
AB  - In vivo treatment with 100 micrograms of indomethacin each 48 h for 2 weeks
      enhanced the proliferative response to concanavalin A (Con A) of spleen cells
      from mice of the C57BL/6 (B6) strain, low responder to T cell mitogens, but did
      not modify the response of spleen cells from mice of the high responder strain
      BALB/c (C). The enhancing effect of in vivo indomethacin treatment was more
      marked in cultures of B6 splenocytes stimulated with high, moderately
      supraoptimal doses of Con A than in cultures stimulated with optimal mitogen
      doses. Addition of indomethacin to cultures of spleen cells from untreated donors
      induced greater increase of the lymphoproliferative response of cells from low
      responder B6 than from high responder C mice. The enhancing effect of
      indomethacin added in vitro was observed in cultures stimulated by optimal but
      not by supraoptimal doses of Con A. The addition of indomethacin did not enhance
      the response of B6 spleen lymphocytes depleted of adherent cells. Preincubation
      for 24 h prior to mitogen stimulation increased the response to high Con A doses
      of spleen cells from low responder B6 mice whereas this procedure did not enhance
      lymphocyte proliferation in cultures of spleen cells from high responder C mice.
      Supplementation with indomethacin in vitro combined with preincubation induced
      additive enhancing effects on DNA synthesis by B6 spleen lymphocytes, suggesting
      that each treatment acts through different mechanism(s). The results indicated
      that spleen cells from low responder B6 strain mice are more sensitive than cells
      from high responder C mice to the potentiating effect of indomethacin and
      preincubation on the proliferative response to Con A. These observations suggest
      that mechanisms sensitive to indomethacin and to preincubation contribute to the
      depression of mitogen induced DNA synthesis in low responder B6 mice.

PMID- 3710663
TI  - Immunologic modulation by vitamin C in the elderly.
AB  - Aging is associated with a decline in both humoral-mediated and cellular-mediated
      immunity. These aberrations may contribute to morbidity and mortality in the
      elderly. Since we have previously shown that vitamin C enhances in vitro and in
      vivo immune functions in young healthy volunteers, we studied the effects of
      vitamin C on certain immunologic parameters in an elderly population. In vitro
      lymphocyte proliferation to the mitogen concanavalin-A was significantly less
      when compared to a young control group. When lymphocytes from the elderly were
      pre-incubated overnight and cultured in the presence of 10 micrograms/ml of
      vitamin C, mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation was similar to that from
      controls without vitamin C in culture. Having demonstrated significant in vitro
      immunoenhancement with vitamin C, we next studied the effects of oral ingestion
      of 2 g of vitamin C daily on certain in vitro and in vivo immunologic parameters
      in the elderly. When compared with a placebo-treated group, 3 weeks of vitamin C
      treatment did not effect in vitro mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation or
      in vivo reactivity to common skin test antigens. The augmenting effects of in
      vitro vitamin C suggest that this essential vitamin may be an effective agent in
      modulating aberrant immunologic functions in the elderly. The clinical
      significance of these findings requires further study.

PMID- 3710664
TI  - Poor iron status of women runners training for a marathon.
AB  - The iron status of nine female marathon runners was evaluated during 11 weeks of
      training for a marathon race and following a marathon race. Venous blood samples
      were obtained at the start of the training period, weekly during training, and 1,
      2, 3, and 4 days post-race. The subjects completed menstrual and dietary
      histories, and the diet content of energy, protein, iron, and ascorbic acid was
      calculated. Serum iron, total iron binding capacity, and transferrin saturation
      showed no significant change at weeks 1, 7, and 11 during training. The mean
      values of serum iron and transferrin saturation were low. During training, eight
      of the nine women averaged serum ferritin levels below 50 ng/ml, one of the eight
      having values consistently less than 10 ng/ml. Ferritin values were significantly
      elevated for 3 days after the marathon. No subject reported abnormally heavy
      menstrual bleeding, and nutrient intakes were near recommended levels, except for
      iron. Thus, the iron status of these women marathon runners was poor, suggesting
      that women runners may have higher dietary needs for iron than sedentary women.
      Serum ferritin levels were also elevated after a marathon run and may not
      adequately reflect iron stores.

PMID- 3710666
TI  - Assessment of ventilatory performance of athletes using the maximal expiratory
      flow-volume curve.
AB  - We carried out a maximum expiratory flow-volume curve (MEFV) and a spirometric
      recording with 67 athletes of different ages (15-27 years) and disciplines
      (rowers, kayakists, cyclists, swimmers) and with 20 adult and 13 adolescent
      nonathletic controls of matching ages. These recordings were repeated, with
      athletes only, after 6-10 months of training. Significant differences between the
      groups of adult athletes and the controls were observed for some parameters, the
      most discriminating of which were, in order, the peak expiratory flow (PEF), the
      forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), and the flow at 75% of the
      vital capacity (V75). The vital capacity (VC) itself was only higher in the
      rowers group. The adult athletes, when grouped together (n = 47), produced a
      higher flow at 50% of their VC (V50) than the control group (+15%, P less than
      0.05) with no difference in the flow at 25% of VC (V25) nor in the VC. A study of
      the effects of training showed no evolution among high level athletes while
      increases of 14% of the PEF, 5% of the V75, and 7% of the FEV1 were found after 7
      10 months of training in adolescents; the VC increased during that time by only
      2.7%. The reproducibility of these ventilatory parameters after 6-8 months was
      studied with adult athletes. The upper limit of the variation (95% CLl) was 12%
      for the FEV1 and forced vital capacity (FVC), 18% for PEF, 21% for V75 and V50,
      and 40% for V25.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3710665
TI  - Reduction of lung elasticity due to training and expiratory flow limitation
      during exercise in competitive female rowers.
AB  - Lung elasticity and lung volumes at rest were measured in 22 female rowers, in 14
      women who just started with rowing, in 21 female cyclists, and in 9 male rowers.
      The female rowers had a higher specific static and dynamic lung compliance (P
      less than 0.01) and a lower recoil pressure at functional residual capacity (P
      less than 0.05) as compared to the other three groups. According to their age,
      height, and fat-free mass, the female rowers had a normal vital capacity. The
      residual volume, the functional residual capacity, and the fast expiratory volume
      in 1 s were also normal. During an increased load test till exhaustion on a
      bicycle ergometer, the transpulmonary pressure and the expiratory flow were
      measured. While the expiratory transpulmonary pressure at exhaustion in the
      female rowers was not markedly lower than in the other groups, expiratory flow
      did not increase linearly with decreasing expiratory transpulmonary pressure in
      most of the female rowers. In the other three groups, there was a linear relation
      between expiratory flow and pressure. The higher lung compliance and lower
      elastic recoil in the female rowers caused the flow-limiting pressure to be
      reached at a lower level. The difference in lung elasticity between the male and
      female rowers showed that the physical stress on the lungs during rowing is not
      alike in women and men. We assume that the typical female physique requires extra
      fixation of the trunk during the pull phase of the rowing stroke, which could
      lead to loss of lung elasticity in female rowers.

PMID- 3710667
TI  - Renal responses to bicycle exercise in trained athletes: influence of exercise
      intensity.
AB  - The effects of exercise on renal function were studied in 11 male bicyclists,
      using a bicycle ergometer. At a work intensity of 100/150 W, bicycle exercise for
      1 h was associated with a significant increase in urine volume, endogenous
      creatinine clearance, and renal sodium and potassium excretion. In contrast,
      exercise of the same duration at a work intensity of 150/200 W produced no
      significant changes in the above variables. Exercise intensity seems to influence
      renal responses, presumably through a differential effect on renal blood flow.

PMID- 3710668
TI  - Psychoendocrine responses to bicycle exercise in healthy men in good physical
      condition.
AB  - Blood levels of cortisol, prolactin, somatotropin, dopamine, noradrenaline,
      adrenaline, and lactate were analyzed in 18 healthy men in good physical
      condition in four repeated bicycle exercise tests. Profiles of pituitary hormone
      secretion into blood varied intra- and interindividually from one test to
      another, even though the work load remained unchanged. Catecholamine and lactate
      levels regularly increased during each exercise test. A factor analysis of the
      endocrine responses supports the assumption that pituitary hormones respond to
      psychological state factors while catecholamines and lactate increases are
      related to physical load.

PMID- 3710670
TI  - The Fine page. Psoriatic fibroblasts induce hyperproliferation of normal
      keratinocytes in skin equivalent model in vitro.

PMID- 3710669
TI  - Echocardiographic findings in children participating in swimming training.
AB  - In 72 children having a body surface area from 0.8 to 1.6 m2 who systematically
      trained in swimming at last for 1 year, or an average of 29.2 months,
      echocardiographic recordings were done to find out which changes result from
      systematic training. The results obtained were compared with values obtained in
      72 normal children, having the same body area, but who did not actively engage in
      sports. The measurements and analyses showed that values of the left ventricular
      interior diameter (LVID), left atrium (LA), and heart depth (DS) were
      statistically significantly increased. The values of septum thickness (SE) and
      left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW) were a bit larger, but statistically not
      significant. Contractibility of the myocardium was also examined by measurement
      of the ejection fraction (EF), percentage of the shortening of the left ventricle
      (%FS), and average velocity of the circumferential shortening of the muscular
      fibers (VCF). The values obtained were within limits of normal values. Results of
      the analysis of the influence of sports training on echocardiographic dimensions
      indicated four positive correlations: left ventricular interior diameter in
      systole (LVIDs) and diastole (LVIDd), diameter of the left atrium (LA), and heart
      depth (DS). In recording echocardiograms in children, it is necessary to
      establish whether the child actively engages in sports beforehand since long-term
      training leads to changes of some heart structures, which may, if it is not known
      that the child is active in sports, lead to wrong conclusions that the finding is
      pathological.

PMID- 3710671
TI  - Quo vaditis: antibiotics and dermatology.

PMID- 3710672
TI  - Behcet's disease. Relation of serum C-reactive protein and erythrocyte
      sedimentation rates to disease activity.
AB  - In a prospective study of 150 patients with Behcet's disease, significant
      associations were shown between CRP positivity and the presence of erythema
      nodosum (p less than 0.02) and acute thrombophlebitis (p less than 0.05) and
      between ESR and erythema nodosum (p less than 0.01), acute thrombophlebitis (p
      less than 0.001), and acute arthritis (p less than 0.01). Mucocutaneous, ocular,
      or central nervous system activities did not show significant associations with
      these indices of inflammation. In 50 patients in whom quantitative CRP
      determinations were performed, clinical disease activity was accompanied by
      slight to moderate increases in CRP and ESR.

PMID- 3710673
TI  - Sporotrichosis.

PMID- 3710674
TI  - [Manganese in the water supply of the town of Beaucaire: origins and solutions].
AB  - Changes in domestic water supply appearance and quality linked with increasing
      manganese amount and iron at a lesser degree, having been found by the
      inhabitants of Beaucaire (Rhone Valley), a study was made by chemists,
      hydrogeologists and biologists to detect the origin. The problem is not specific
      to this town and can frequently be found in the Saone and Rhone valleys. The
      results show that we have to deal with an aquifer with semi-captive groundwater
      whose supply is double: the Rhone and calcareous mountain masses. The low-oxygen
      waters are enriched, by dissolution from gravel, with manganese and iron which
      are preferentially fixed on porous and cracked surface elements. The conditions
      for manganese liberation are connected with the presence of organic matters,
      bacteria (capable to reduce the manganic compounds) and anaerobiosis. The supply
      does not seem to be the only cause in the low-oxygen contents; the action of
      heterotrophic microorganism using organic matter and consuming oxygen, at the
      groundwater periphery, must be taken into account. Thus the central part of the
      groundwater system is a reducing environment which allows the modification of the
      bacterial metabolism towards a ferric and manganic compounds reduction process.
      The result is the transformation of insoluble manganic and ferric compounds into
      manganous and ferrous compounds which are liberated into the groundwater.

PMID- 3710675
TI  - Single column ion chromatographic determination of inorganic acids in workroom
      places.
AB  - Single Column Ion Chromatography (SCIC) combines low capacity-columns, low
      conductivity eluents and a detector with considerable electronic supression
      capability and enables quantitation of ions at the ppm level without the need of
      a suppressor column associated with other forms of Ion Chromatography. Vapors and
      aerosols of inorganic acids are collected on filter and silica gel tubes and
      analyzed directly by SCIC. A conventional liquid chromatograph with a low
      capacity column and a conductimetric detector is used to analyze aerosols of Cl-,
      Br-, NO-3 and SO=4 with good results.

PMID- 3710676
TI  - Determination of nanogram/kilogram levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in
      foods by HPLC with fluorescence detection.
AB  - Methodology was developed for the determination of eight polycyclic aromatic
      hydrocarbons (PAH) in five food categories including meat/fish, dried dairy
      products, cereals, leafy vegetables and vegetable/marine oils. The eight PAH were
      fluoranthene, benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[b]fluoranthene,
      benzo[a]pyrene, 7,12-dimethylbenzo[a]anthracene, dibenzo[ah]anthracene and
      dibenzo[ai]pyrene. Samples were digested with alcoholic KOH followed by
      partitioning into solvents such as cyclohexane or isooctane. Lipids and other
      interferences were removed by solvent partitioning with dimethylformamide or
      dimethylsulfoxide/water. Additional cleanup involving column chromatography on
      silica gel, Florisil or Sephadex LH-20 was employed as required. Reversed-phase
      chromatography with gradient elution and fluorescence detection was employed for
      the determinations. Confirmation was carried out by GC-MS/SIM. Detection limits
      ranged from 2-90 ng/kg depending on the PAH and food analyzed. Results of a small
      survey indicated that the meat/fish category had the highest levels (low
      microgram/kg, on average) of the foods studied.

PMID- 3710677
TI  - Hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons in groundwater surrounding an earthen
      waste disposal pit for produced water in the Duncan oil field of New Mexico.
AB  - Samples of groundwater and soil were collected from test pits placed 25 m
      intervals on five axes extending from an earthen waste disposal pit for produced
      water near the San Juan River of northwest New Mexico. Samples were obtained at
      depths of 1.2 to 1.5 m and were analyzed using GC and GC/MS techniques for
      purgable hydrocarbons, including benzenes, and for solvent extractable organic
      compounds. Water samples from test pits down-gradient from the disposal pit
      contained purgable and extractable hydrocarbons that were similar to contents of
      the waste disposal pit. In contrast, water samples obtained from test pits up
      gradient from the waste pit were free of detectable organic components. Major
      purgable components in the waste pit and in surrounding groundwater included
      saturated/unsaturated hydrocarbons and aromatic/alkylated aromatic hydrocarbons.
      Samples collected 25 m from the waste pit contained concentrations of all
      compounds greater than in samples taken at 50 m in distance on the same exis.
      Total concentration of purgable aromatic hydrocarbons in groundwater from test
      plots ranged from a high of 200 ppb at 25 m, to a low of 12 ppb at 50 m on an
      axis through the plume center.

PMID- 3710678
TI  - Spectrophotometric determination of copper in environmental samples by solid
      liquid extraction of its 9, 10-phenanthrenequinone monoximate complex into molten
      naphthalene.
AB  - A fairly selective and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for
      determination of copper after extraction of its 9, 10-phenanthrenequinone
      monoximate complex into molten naphthalene in the pH range of 6.1-8.4. At room
      temperature, the solid naphthalene containing the metal complex is separated by
      filtration, dissolved in dimethylformamide (DMF) and the absorbance measured at
      470 nm against the reagent blank. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration
      range, 0.0-9.6 micrograms of copper in 10ml of DMF. The molar absorptivity and
      sensitivity are 6.30 X 10(4) 1 mol-1 cm-1 and 0.001 micrograms cm-2,
      respectively. The interference of various ions has been studied and the method
      has been applied for the determination of copper in various standard reference
      materials, beers, wines, human hair and environmental samples.

PMID- 3710680
TI  - Determination of selenium and arsenic in animal tissues with platform furnace
      atomic absorption spectrometry and deuterium background correction.
AB  - Determination of selenium and arsenic in animal tissues is disturbed mainly by
      spectral interferences, uncorrectable with the dueterium arc. These interferences
      are produced by the calcium and magnesium phosphates always present in these
      matrixes. In animal tissue solution this disturbance may be avoided by addition
      of 20 micrograms of Ni (nitrate) for a 10 microliter sample. A lower amount of
      nickel does not allow a correct development of analyte absorbance signals whereas
      an excess induces a loss of sensitivity for the two elements studied. Measurement
      of peak-height proved to be most suitable, integrated absorbance being partially
      influenced by the matrix. The slope constants of working curves obtained with
      different animal matrixes are very close and direct calibration becomes possible.
      This was confirmed by analysis of several reference materials.

PMID- 3710679
TI  - Fate of atrazine and trifluralin from an industrial waste dumping at the
      Llobregat River. Presence in fish, raw and finished water.
AB  - Analysis carried out after fish mortality in an industrial area in the
      neighbourhood of the Llobregat River, water supplier for Barcelona and its area,
      led us to identify two herbicides (atrazine and trifluralin) in the wastewaters
      from an industrial sewage where, among other factories one at least, is devoted
      to pesticide manufacturing. The fate of these herbicides is followed in fish
      (dorsal muscle), raw water entering the water works plant and tap water. Analyses
      by GC, GC/MS/DS and mass fragmentography were routinely employed.

PMID- 3710681
TI  - Separation of lipophilic substances in environmental samples with special
      reference to toxaphene.
AB  - A microcolumn of alumina, activated at 250 degrees C over night and deactivated
      with 2% water in an oven at 150 degrees C, has shown better separation
      characteristics than similar ones, deactivated at room temperature, for a great
      number of organochlorine compounds, particularly with respect to multicomponent
      toxaphene and PCB. The microcolumn is a simple disposable Pasteur pipette. Three
      fractions are collected: one with PCB and DDE, one with toxaphene components
      having similar lipophilicity to DDT and the third, toxaphene components similar
      to DDD in lipophilicity. Two such toxaphene fractions give a better GLC-pattern
      than only one fraction. DDD and DDT, which interfere with the analysis of
      toxaphene can be eliminated, after their GLC analysis, from the "Toxaphene
      fractions" by nitration followed by reduction of the nitro compounds formed to
      their corresponding amines. Performance of the column using environmental samples
      showed that it is a useful tool in routine pesticide residue analysis, especially
      when toxaphene is present.

PMID- 3710682
TI  - Determination of ultra trace amounts of cobalt in fish by graphite furnace Zeeman
      effect atomic absorption spectrometry.
AB  - A method is described for determining stable cobalt concentrations in fish flesh
      and bone using polarized Zeeman effect graphite furnace atomic absorption
      spectrometry (ZAAS). Cobalt analysis on freshwater fish flesh samples (10 g dry
      weight) required predigestion and wet-ashing at 70-80 degrees C. Cobalt is
      chelated with ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (APDC) extracted with methyl
      isobutyl ketone (MIBK) and analysed by ZAAS. The mean cobalt content calculated
      from the standard additions method using three replicate fish flesh samples was
      4.23 +/- 1.0 microgram Co. Kg-1 (dry weight). Analyses were also carried out on
      flesh and bone samples from similar sized fish, of the same species, taken from
      three area lakes.

PMID- 3710683
TI  - Quantitative determination of trace concentration of organics in water by solvent
      extraction and fused silica capillary gas chromatography: aliphatic and
      polynuclear hydrocarbons.
AB  - Solvent extraction procedures with six different solvents on aqueous model
      systems of aliphatic (C12-C22) and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs:
      Naphthalene, acenaphtene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene and
      pyrene) were studied for the analysis in the trace concentration range (20-50 ng
      ml-1) by fused silica capillary gas chromatography. Recovery efficiencies,
      reproducibilities and detection limits for each analyte and procedure are
      reported. The effect of the PAHs on the extracting rate of the aliphatic
      hydrocarbons at the trace concentration range is discussed.

PMID- 3710684
TI  - Binding cadmium and copper ions with chemically modified cellulosic materials.
AB  - Equilibrium sorption of cadmium and copper ions by modified and unmodified maize
      stalk was studied using a range of metal-ion concentrations and temperatures at
      various metal ion-substrate contact periods. The amount of metal ion removed from
      solution depended on the metal ion concentration, the metal ion-substrate contact
      period and the metal ion type. The level of metal ion uptake reached 15 mg/g of
      the substrate for cadmium ions at 0 degree C and was of the order Cd(II) greater
      than Cu(II). Modification improved the metal ion binding capacity of the
      substrate and increased the rate of metal ion uptake. The influence of
      temperature on the level and rate of metal ion uptake by the substrate was
      investigated.

PMID- 3710685
TI  - Weight control content of women's magazines: bias and accuracy.
AB  - In order to assess the quality of weight control information directed at women
      through popular magazines, 37 issues on newsstands in January, 1982, were
      examined. Issues selected included approximately equal numbers of the top
      sellers, diet and exercise magazines, and newly established women's magazines as
      well as a smaller number of 'teen' magazines. The 67 articles on weight control
      found were evaluated by three nutritionists using a semantic differential scale
      based on Allon's four areas of discrimination against obesity and a 14-item test
      for accuracy. The 'diet' magazines devoted the highest portion of pages to weight
      control information, followed by the teen, top-seller, and new woman magazines in
      that order. Almost one-third of the articles scored perfect on accuracy of the
      information included; 15 percent were judged uncertain or worse. The remainder
      were judged largely, but not completely accurate. Judges found the articles were
      slightly skewed toward the negative ends of the scales assessing bias. Only 11
      percent of the articles were judged pessimistic regarding success in weight
      control. The accuracy of this optimism must be questioned. There were no
      differences in accuracy, bias, or optimism among the four types of magazines.

PMID- 3710686
TI  - Life events, emotional eating and change in body mass index.
AB  - The results are reported of a longitudinal study on effects of negative life
      events on change in body mass index (BMI; weight/height2 (kg/m2)) in men and
      women classified as either low or high emotional eaters. It was predicted that
      emotional eating and negative life events would have an interaction effect on
      change in BMI. Low emotional eaters would gain less weight and high emotional
      eaters would gain more weight after experiencing negative life events, than those
      who had not experienced such events. For men, emotional eating and negative life
      events were found to have a significant interaction effect on change in BMI 6
      months after the assessment of life events on the first, but not on the second
      assessment date in the same study. Data on the long-term effects of negative life
      events indicate that the significant interaction effect found was not an
      artefact. For women, no such interaction effects were found. Thus, it is
      concluded that the hypothesis was confirmed to some extent in the men, but not in
      the women.

PMID- 3710687
TI  - Obesity in 16-year-olds assessed by relative weight and doctors' rating.
AB  - Weights and heights at age 16 of 5652 boys and 5280 girls from the National Child
      Development Study (NCDS) were measured. At this examination, school medical
      officers rated the boys and girls into one of the following categories: grossly
      obese, moderately obese, normal, thin or very thin. A comparison is made between
      doctors' rating and assessment of obesity by relative weight (RW). Obesity was
      defined as RW greater than 120. Overall 803 (15.2 per cent) girls were rated
      obese by doctors compared with 469 (8.9 per cent) identified by RW. Only 414 (7.8
      per cent) girls were considered obese by both methods. In boys the difference
      between the two methods was less marked. There were 362 (6.4 per cent) boys rated
      as obese by doctors, 404 (7.2 per cent) by relative weight and 262 (4.6 per cent)
      by both methods. The discrepancies demonstrate that one method of assessment
      cannot replace another. Doctors' rated considerably more girls than boys as
      obese. Although at this age girls were heavier than boys for a given height, the
      doctors' rating may also reflect the different attitudes towards obesity in men
      and women which are prevalent in our society. Without comparison with a more
      accurate measure of adiposity it is not possible to reach a definite conclusion
      as to whether clinical assessment, relative weight, or indeed both methods
      combined are the most suitable for identifying obese adolescents.

PMID- 3710688
TI  - Pancreatic polypeptide, pancreatic glucagon and enteroglucagon in morbid obesity
      and following gastric bypass operation.
AB  - The influence of morbid obesity and gastric bypass operation on pancreatic
      polypeptide (PP), pancreatic glucagon and enteroglucagon was studied in six
      morbidly obese patients before and 6-9 months after surgery. Hormone plasma
      levels were determined in the fasting state and after a standardized test meal.
      Fasting levels of PP, pancreatic glucagon and enteroglucagon were not
      significantly different between the pre- and post-operative state as well as
      compared to normal controls. The postprandial response showed a significant
      reduction of PP, a significant increase of enteroglucagon and no change of
      pancreatic glucagon after surgery compared with the preoperative values.

PMID- 3710689
TI  - Adipose tissue volume determinations in women by computed tomography: technical
      considerations.
AB  - Eight healthy female volunteers with weights ranging from 46 to 119 kg were
      examined with a Philips Tomoscan 310 in order to determine the amount of adipose
      tissue. From analysis of 'attenuation profiles' at the thigh and trunk levels the
      attenuation interval of adipose tissue was determined to be -190 HU to -30 HU.
      The adipose tissue volume was calculated from the adipose tissue area of 22 scans
      and from the distances between these scans. Three different mathematical models
      were tested which all gave similar results. The adipose tissue surface of the L4
      L5 scan showed a higher correlation (r = 0.991) than any other single scan versus
      the 22-scan-based adipose tissue volume. The adipose tissue volume had to be
      calculated from nine selected slices in order to agree closely with the results
      based on 22 scans (r = 0.999) in each individual case. The adipose tissue volume
      of the head and neck region was 1.7 +/- 0.24 per cent of the total volume, while
      corresponding figures for other regions were: arms 7.5 +/- 1.2 per cent, legs
      31.8 +/- 5.6 per cent, subcutaneous part of the trunk 48.9 +/- 5.1 per cent and
      visceral region 10.2 +/- 1.7 per cent. The relative amount of subcutaneous trunk
      adipose tissue increased with increasing adipose tissue volumes while that of
      legs, and of head and neck tended to decrease. The relative amount of visceral
      fat was not significantly dependent on the total adipose tissue volume in these
      eight women.

PMID- 3710690
TI  - Structure and conformation of linear peptides. V. Structure of L-prolyl-glycyl
      glycine.
AB  - The tripeptide, L-prolyl-glycyl-glycine, crystallizes in the trigonal space group
      P3(2), with a = b = 8.682(2) A, c = 12.008(2) and Z = 3. The structure was solved
      by direct methods and refined to an R-value of 0.07 for 727 reflections (I
      greater than 1.0 sigma). The molecule exists as a zwitterion in the crystal. The
      peptide units are trans and show significant deviations from planarity (omega 1 =
      169.7 degrees, omega 2 = -170.1 degrees). The peptide backbone adopts a left
      handed helical conformation similar to that of polyglycine II and polyproline II.

PMID- 3710691
TI  - Solid state and solution conformation of Boc-L-Met-Aib-L-Phe-OMe. Beta-turn
      conformation of a sequence related to an active chemotactic peptide analog.
AB  - The conformation of the peptide Boc-L-Met-Aib-L-Phe-OMe has been studied in the
      solid state and solution by X-ray diffraction and 1H n.m.r., respectively. The
      peptide differs only in the N-terminal protecting group from the biologically
      active chemotactic peptide analog formyl-L-Met-Aib-L-Phe-OMe. The molecules adopt
      a type-II beta-turn in the solid state with Met and Aib as the corner residues
      (phi Met = -51.8 degrees, psi Met = 139.5 degrees, phi Aib = 58.1 degrees, psi
      Aib = 37.0 degrees). A single, weak 4----1 intramolecular hydrogen bond is
      observed between the Boc CO and Phe NH groups (N---O 3.25 A, N-H---O 128.4
      degrees). 1H n.m.r. studies, using solvent and temperature dependencies of NH
      chemical shifts and paramagnetic radical induced line broadening of NH
      resonances, suggest that the Phe NH is solvent shielded in CDCl3 and (CD3)2SO.
      Nuclear Overhauser effects observed between Met C alpha H and Aib NH protons
      provide evidence of the occurrence of Met-Aib type-II beta-turns in these
      solvents.

PMID- 3710692
TI  - Ontogeny of bovine neurohypophysial hormone precursors. II. Foetal copeptin, the
      third domain of the vasopressin precursor.
AB  - Vasopressin, MSEL-neurophysin and a glycopeptide, here referred to as copeptin,
      are three fragments of a common protein precursor processed during axonal
      transport from hypothalamus to neurohypophysis. Neurohormones and neurophysins
      purified from 7-9-month-old bovine foetuses have previously been shown to be
      identical with those found in the adult. Copeptin has now been isolated from 7-9
      month and 3-month-old bovine foetuses and chemically characterized. It can be
      concluded from the nature of the three precursors that the same vasopressin gene
      is expressed in the adult and the 7-9-month-old foetus.

PMID- 3710693
TI  - Complete covalent structure of a proline-rich phosphoprotein, PRP-2, an inhibitor
      of calcium phosphate crystal growth from human parotid saliva.
AB  - Human salivary secretions contain many proteins in which proline forms an
      unusually large fraction of the amino-acid residues present, typically from 20%
      to over 40%. These proteins are also unusually rich in glycine and glutamine,
      generally account for over half the total protein in saliva, and include acidic,
      basic and glycosylated molecules. The functions of most of these are not clearly
      defined. One group, however, the acidic proline-rich phosphoproteins (PRP), have
      been shown to be potent inhibitors of secondary precipitation (crystal growth) of
      calcium phosphate salts. Acting together with a salivary protein inhibitor of
      primary precipitation of calcium phosphates, statherin, the PRP stabilize saliva
      which is supersaturated with respect to the calcium phosphate salts which form
      dental enamel. These inhibitory activities act to provide a protective,
      reparative, but stable environment for dental enamel, which is important for
      maintaining the health of the teeth. The PRP are a complex group of
      phosphoproteins which include four major and at least eight minor members. The
      primary structures of three of the major proteins have been determined. These are
      PRP-1, also designated Protein-C, PRP-3, also designated Protein-A (17), and PRP
      4. The designations PRP-1,-2,-3 and -4 will be used here. The purpose of this
      paper is to report the complete primary structure of PRP-2 as a further step
      towards establishing the structural basis of the biological activity of the PRP,
      and clarifying the genetic and biosynthetic relationships of these closely
      related proteins.

PMID- 3710694
TI  - Synthesis of analogues of the Des-Phe-NH2 C-terminal hexapeptide of
      cholecystokinin showing gastrin antagonist activity.
AB  - Four analogues of Z-CCK-27-32-NH2, Z-Tyr(SO3-)-Met-Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-NH2, a
      cholecystokinin receptor antagonist have been synthesized by solution
      methodology. In these analogues, Z-Tyr(SO3-)-Nle-Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-NH2 16, Z
      Tyr(SO3-)-Nle-Gly-Trp-Nle-Asp-NH2 17, BOC-Tyr(SO3-)-Met-Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-NH2 24
      and Boc-Tyr(SO3-)-Met-Gly-Trp-Nle-Asp-NH2 25 methionyl residues were replaced by
      norleucyl residues. Preliminary biological activity on gastrin-induced acid
      secretion, in rat, are reported. These derivatives proved to antagonize the
      action of gastrin, with ED 50 of between 0.5 and 3 mg/kg.

PMID- 3710695
TI  - Membrane-associated proteins of adriamycin sensitive and resistant murine
      leukemic P388 cells.
AB  - We have isolated an 84-fold adriamycin resistant subline, P388/R84, from mouse
      leukemia P388 cells by serial cultivation in methylcellulose in the presence of
      increasing drug concentrations. Electrophoresis of detergent soluble fractions of
      radiolabeled sensitive and resistant cells suggested marked alterations in the
      protein fractions of 160, 100, 60, 45, and 30 kd. In resistant clones labeled
      with 125I an increase in 160 and 100 kd proteins was accompanied by concomitant
      reduction in the 60, 45, and 30 kd proteins. In 35S methionine-labeled resistant
      cells, similar increases in the 160 and 100 kd components were observed but in
      contrast to 125I-labeled cells the 30 kd component was also higher. Alterations
      in surface proteins were confirmed in experiments where the cell extracts were
      adsorbed to concanavalin A polymers and extracted with 0.26 M methyl-alpha-D
      mannopyranoside. Our data confirm earlier reported observations on cell-surface
      protein changes in cells resistant to anthracyclines and alkaloids.

PMID- 3710697
TI  - Velopharyngeal insufficiency after adenoidectomy: an 8-year review.
AB  - The characteristics of 137 patients referred to the Speech Clinic at The Hospital
      for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada during the past 8 years for the investigation
      of persistent hypernasality after adenoidectomy are reported. Over 30% of the
      patients had preoperative factors that are thought to increase the risk, such as
      submucous cleft palate, fluid regurgitation through the nose, a family history of
      velopharyngeal insufficiency or clefting, or hypernasality. Fifty percent of the
      patients required pharyngoplasty to correct hypernasality, 37% required speech
      therapy alone, and 13% improved with no treatment.

PMID- 3710696
TI  - Reduction of nasal fractures in children.

PMID- 3710698
TI  - Fundamental voice frequency measured by electroglottography during continuous
      speech. A new exact secondary sex characteristic in boys in puberty.
AB  - The variation of fundamental voice frequency measured by the average of 2000
      consecutive electroglottographic cycles in a reading situation has been examined
      in relation to pubertal development and androgens. Fundamental frequency among
      other parameters was related to height (r -0.82), pubic hair stage (r -0.87),
      testis volume (r -0.78), total testosterone (r -0.73) and serum hormone binding
      globulin (r 0.75). Single observations of fundamental frequency show a clear
      grouping of results under and over 200 Hz. Fundamental frequency of more than 200
      Hz and serum testosterone of more than 10 nmol/l probably represent values for a
      boy in puberty. There seem to be comparable relations with other androgens and
      with serum hormone binding globulin.

PMID- 3710699
TI  - Results of audiometrical screening in Finnish schoolchildren.
AB  - The results of pure tone screening in Finnish schoolchildren in the Helsinki
      University Central Hospital District (Finland) during the years 1978-81 were
      assessed. 40,824 children were screened at a screening level of 20 dB (HL) (ISO).
      11.4% of the children failed the first screening procedure. A control screening
      in these children was performed at 2- to 4-week intervals. A total of 1563
      children did not pass the second screening (3.8% of the whole screened
      population). 1485 schoolchildren were then referred to an otologist. 32% of the
      children referred had normal hearing. In total, 2.5% of the population screened
      really had impaired hearing. The hearing loss was conductive in 41%. Negative
      middle ear pressure (less than -150 daPa) occurred in 7% of the referred
      children. In the middle ear cleft, fluid was noticed in 11%. High-frequency
      losses comprised 25% of the cases referred. Sensorineural hearing impairment
      affecting speech frequencies was present in 8%. The pure tone screening is
      considered important, because even slight abnormalities in hearing acuity can
      reduce the intelligibility of speech message and cause learning problems.
      Surgically manageable middle ear disorders should be detected. Occasionally, a
      sensorineural loss was discovered, requiring fitting of a hearing aid.

PMID- 3710700
TI  - Histopathological changes in distal tracheal mucosa in beagle puppies.
AB  - Direct effects of the tracheotomy tube and cuff on glottic, subglottic and
      tracheal mucosa have been well described. Little work has been done on the
      effects of tracheotomy on the distal tracheobronchial tree. Ten beagle puppies
      underwent tracheotomy and were sacrificed at 18, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h. The trachea
      was studied for changes in cilia, epithelium, submucosal reaction and mucous
      production at the level of the tracheostome, tracheotomy tube tip, carina and
      right mainstem bronchus. Severe changes of epithelial erosion and ulceration with
      submucosal inflammatory reaction were noted as early as 18 h and persisted
      through 24 h. Some resolution of inflammation and progression to squamous
      metaplasia were seen at 36, 48 and 72 h. Changes in mucous gland activity varied
      widely. The traumatic effects of tracheotomy on normal tracheal anatomy and
      physiology and their clinical implications are discussed.

PMID- 3710701
TI  - Prevention of subglottic stenosis in neonatal ventilation.
AB  - Mechanical ventilation of the newborn is now widely used in neonatal intensive
      care. The oro-tracheal route of intubation is simpler, but for long-term
      ventilation has been considered unstable. A method of fixation of oro-tracheal
      tubes is described which overcomes this instability. Five hundred consecutive
      ventilated infants were intubated by the oro-tracheal route and the tube was
      fixed by the method described. Of the 500 ventilated infants, 213 died without
      being extubated. Of the 287 survivors, 44 developed a degree of post-extubation
      stridor. No surviving infant developed clinical evidence of subglottic stenosis
      and in almost 200 postmortem examinations laryngeal narrowing was not identified.
      The method of oro-tracheal fixation described is stable and may reduce the
      incidence of subglottic stenosis.

PMID- 3710702
TI  - Prevalence of otitis media in children in a black rural community in Venda (South
      Africa).
AB  - During mid-winter in 1985, 480 residents from a remote rural community in Venda,
      South Africa, were examined for the presence of middle and external ear
      pathology. The children (less than 15 years) numbered 267. The otological
      examination consisted of (1) pneumatic otoscopic examination, (2) tympanometry,
      (3) contralateral acoustic reflex. A diagnostic algorithm as proposed by Cantekin
      et al. was applied to assess the findings. Our data showed the prevalence of
      otitis media in children to be 8.2%. The highest prevalence was found in the 0-23
      months age group. Of 22 children with otitis media, only one had a perforation
      with otorrhea. Otitis media with effusion was found in 3.8% of the children.
      External otitis media as an independent variable was found in only 1.5% of the
      267 children, while 6.7% presented with scarred tympanic membranes. Our data
      suggest the existence of considerable differences in the prevalence of otitis
      media in children between two comparable black rural communities from Nigeria and
      Venda.

PMID- 3710703
TI  - A new device for tympanocentesis in infants and children.

PMID- 3710704
TI  - 99mTc bone scanning agents--III. Preparation and gel chromatography of
      99mTc(Sn)MDP complexes.
AB  - The preparation of 99mTc(Sn)MDP was investigated as a function of pH, MDP
      concentration and Sn(II) concentration. The labeling efficiency was over 90% in
      the majority of the experiments and remained constant over the range pH 2-9. The
      MDP concentration had little effect, while the Sn(II) concentration had a
      significant positive influence. The complex formation appeared to be partly
      reversible. The formation of different complexes was investigated by means of gel
      chromatography under various experimental conditions. Altogether six complexes
      were found. At acid conditions two major complexes were found and at neutral pH
      one major complex. The presence or absence of a particular complex was mainly
      determined by the pH and by the MDP concentration. The Sn(II) concentration had
      very little effect. The results are compared with previous results of similar
      experiments with 99mTc(Sn)pyrophosphate.

PMID- 3710705
TI  - Synthesis and evaluation of a new bifunctional chelating agent for 99mTc labeling
      proteins: p-carboxyethylphenylglyoxal-di(N-methylthiosemicarbazone).
AB  - A new bifunctional chelating agent, p-carboxyethylphenylglyoxal-di(N
      methylthiosemicarbazone) (CE-DTS), containing a di(N-methylthiosemicarbazone) as
      the technetium coordinating site and an aralkyl carboxylate site for the protein
      conjugation was synthesized. Coupling to human serum albumin (HSA), selected as a
      model protein was carried out by the phosphorylazide method using
      diphenylphosphoryl azide (DPPA). The conjugation level of CE-DTS to HSA played a
      critical role in its biological evaluation. A 99mTc-CE-DTS-HSA with high in vivo
      stability was obtained when CE-DTS was coupled to HSA at 1:1 molar ratio. This
      compound showed similar in vivo stability to 131I labeled HSA in mice and
      rabbits.

PMID- 3710706
TI  - In the procurement of a neutral and compact monomeric complex of
      dithiosemicarbazone (DTS) derivative: 99mTc-KTS.
AB  - As a basic structure of a bifunctional radiopharmaceutical (BR),
      dithiosemicarbazone (DTS) enables the formation of a small conjugated chelating
      ring with divalent metals (Cu2+, Zn2+, Ni2+), yielding stable and compact
      complexes. In the development of a neutral and compact monomeric DTS complex of
      technetium (99mTc), a DTS containing ligand, kethoxal-bis(thiosemicarbazone)
      (KTS) was selected. A well known monomeric Cu-KTS complex (or 64Cu-KTS) is taken
      as a model compound, and in vitro (TLC, EP, HPLC) and in vivo (mice
      biodistribution) studies were compared. Using the stannous chloride method, under
      conditions to avoid the hydrolytic polynucleation of technetium, a good yield of
      99mTc-KTS with characteristics resembling the non-charged, compact and stable Cu
      KTS is obtained, in in vitro as well as in vivo studies. The importance of DTS as
      the constituent of a BR is discussed.

PMID- 3710707
TI  - The role of detergent in labeling of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae bacteria.
AB  - The chelating agents oxine, acetylacetone, tropolone, and 2-mercaptopyridine 1
      oxide were analysed for their suitability in labeling the bacterium
      Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (E.r.), strain B10, with 111In and 67Ga. The
      labeling conditions were improved. The bactericidal activity of the labeling
      process was investigated. The different chelates did not result in a significant
      difference in labeling yield. The addition of 0.01% detergent to the labeling
      buffer doubled the labeling yield up to 45%. Labeled bacteria were injected
      intravenously into rats. The percentage organ distribution was determined and
      compared with a control group.

PMID- 3710708
TI  - Radiation synovectomy with 165Dy-FHMA: lymph node uptake and radiation dosimetry
      calculations.
AB  - The lymph node uptake of 165Dy was measured in 25 patients treated by radiation
      synovectomy via intra-articular injection of 165Dy-ferric hydroxide
      macroaggregates (FHMA). An average of 0.12% of the injected dose was found in the
      inguinal lymph nodes 19h post injection. This results in a lymph node of 16.6 rad
      (166 mGy), a dose significantly less than that reported following radiation
      synovectomy with other radiocolloids. Dosimetry calculations for the intra
      articular injection of 165Dy-FHMA are provided in the appendix.

PMID- 3710709
TI  - [Iodo carboxamidino-1 phenyl-4 piperazine, a new adrenomedullary imaging agent:
      comparison with metaiodobenzylguanidine].
AB  - This report describes the comparison between two adrenal medulla imaging agents,
      mIBG and I-CPP. Biodistribution demonstrated an early and preferential uptake by
      both adrenal glands and heart and then storage in the adrenal gland of both
      agents, however I-CPP is less stable in vivo than mIBG. Reserpine depletion study
      in rat indicated that the I-CPP and mIBG uptake mechanisms are not similar.

PMID- 3710710
TI  - Ascorbic acid synthesis by the mammalian fetus.
AB  - Fetal rat liver can synthesize ascorbic acid after 16 days of gestation. Fetal
      kidney was inactive and neither fetal guinea pig liver nor kidney possessed
      ascorbic acid synthetic ability.

PMID- 3710711
TI  - Zinc feeding and fertility of male rats.
AB  - Supplementation of the diet of adult male rats with 4,000 ppm zinc as ZnSO4 for
      30 to 32 days increased the zinc content in the testis and sperm by 25 and 18 per
      cent respectively, but did not change the same in accessory reproductive tissues,
      e.g. epididymis, seminal vesicle and prostate. The incidence of conception from
      mating between normal females and zinc fed males was lower as compared to mating
      between normal females and control males. This observation indicated reduced
      fertility of the males resulting from additional zinc ingestion. Motility of the
      sperm collected from the epididymis (tail) of the zinc treated rats was found to
      be inhibited. It has been suggested that excess zinc in the sperm was responsible
      for their poor motility and hence a reduced fertilising capacity.

PMID- 3710713
TI  - Hypervitaminosis A and glycerol lysis time (GLT).

PMID- 3710712
TI  - Nutritional status of an institutionalised elderly group in Segovia (Spain).
AB  - The nutritional status of a randomly selected sample of healthy persons, aged 68
      91 years, living in an institution of the Spanish Social Services, was evaluated
      according to the adequation of diet to Recommended Dietary Intakes (DR) and by
      biochemical measurements. The individual weighing method was used to make the
      control of food intake covering a week. Mean values obtained suggested that
      intakes were less than recommended ones for energy, calcium, magnesium, zinc,
      riboflavin, folic acid and A and D vitamins. Mean intake of protein, iodine,
      iron, thiamin, niacin, B12 and C vitamins was adequate. For biochemical data most
      of the individuals present acceptable values, only a few aged show a deficiency
      status. Serum vitamin A values were low in 13.3% of men and 37.5% of women and
      serum cholesterol values were high in 8.3% of women.

PMID- 3710714
TI  - Transport of esterified retinol in fasting human blood.
AB  - The transport of retinyl palmitate in postabsorptive human blood has been
      investigated. For this purpose, lipoproteins were isolated from fasting serum of
      normal subjects as well as of patients with various diseases. The serum retinyl
      palmitate values of these individuals ranged from 2.0-30.3 micrograms/100 ml,
      with a mean value of 7.6 micrograms/100 ml. In the 14 human subjects
      investigated, 68.1% of the recovered retinyl palmitate was associated with the
      VLDL fraction and 28.9% with the LDL fraction. Nevertheless, the individual
      pattern of retinyl palmitate distribution among VLDL and LDL differed
      considerably within this group. No esterified retinol, however, was detected in
      the HDL as well as in the nonlipoprotein fraction (d greater than 1.21 g/ml) of
      human serum. It is concluded that the transport of esterified retinol in fasting
      blood is not restricted to chylomicron remnants. Nevertheless, in humans the
      serum transport of retinyl palmitate is preferentially mediated by lipoproteins
      of the VLDL fraction.

PMID- 3710715
TI  - Placental transfer and fetal distribution of 3H-retinoic acid in rats.
AB  - The placental transfer of 3H-retinoic acid in vitamin A deprived and vitamin A
      supplemented pregnant female rats was studied on 20th day of gestation and
      compared with 3H-retinyl acetate. Radiolabelled compounds were administered to
      pregnant mothers orally in groundnut oil six hours before sacrifice. The
      distribution of radioactivity of the two compounds was studied in maternal
      intestine, liver and plasma and fetal brain, heart liver lung and placenta. The
      transfer of 3H-retinoic acid across placenta was restricted as compared to that
      of 3H-retinyl acetate which may explain the reason why retinoic acid does not
      support fetal growth.

PMID- 3710716
TI  - Comparison of blood levels of vitamin A, beta-carotene and vitamin E in abruptio
      placentae with normal pregnancy.
AB  - Levels of vitamin A, beta-carotene and vitamin E in peripheral venous blood of
      women in abruptio placentae and in normal pregnancy have been compared. Chemical
      methods were used for the estimation of these compounds. The results show that
      levels of all three compounds in abruptio placentae are lower than those found in
      the normal pregnancy. We have earlier shown that levels of ascorbic acid in these
      subjects are low while other studies have indicated that levels of folic acid in
      them are also low. Based on our present and earlier published work it is
      suggested that abruptio placentae is a condition with multiple vitamin
      deficiency. Whether this is its cause or effect is however not clear.

PMID- 3710717
TI  - Genetic regulation of carotene biosynthesis in selected tomato strains: aspects
      of beta-carotene biosynthesis and B gene specificity.
AB  - A comparative qualitative and quantitative study of the carotene compositions of
      a high beta-carotene type mutant Priya Darshini-1 (PD-1), high lycopene type,
      Pusa Ruby (PR) and the F1 hybrid of these two strains was carried out. Increased
      amounts of beta-zeacarotene and gamma-carotene were realized in the PD-1 parent
      and in the F1 hybrid. This correlates the increased beta-zeacarotene and gamma
      carotene synthesis with increased beta-carotene synthesis. Introduction of gene B
      (the gene that regulates beta-carotene biosynthesis) to a system lacking it
      induces considerable amount of beta-carotene synthesis at the expense of lycopene
      in the hybrid. Based on these observations a 'three point control' for the beta
      carotene biosynthesis in tomato fruits is suggested with the gene B capable of
      promoting two different pathways in the high beta-carotene types. The probable
      sites of action of the modifier mOB (the gene that regulates expression of B
      gene) are indicated. Beta-carotene and xanthophyll contents of different parts of
      tomato plants of a PD-1 type and the PR type F2 segregates of the F1 hybrid (PR X
      PD-1)F1 have been studied. Results indicate that the action of gene B is highly
      specific and exclusively oriented towards the fruit and not expressed in any
      other parts of the tomato plant.

PMID- 3710718
TI  - Stereoisomers of alpha-tocopheryl acetate. IV. USP units and alpha-tocopherol
      equivalents of all-rac-, 2-ambo- and RRR-alpha-tocopherol evaluated by
      simultaneous determination of resorption-gestation, myopathy and liver storage
      capacity in rats.
AB  - Whereas the alpha-tocopheryl acetate (alpha-TA) stereoisomers have frequently
      been compared in various vitamin E tests, only little studies have been made on
      the free alpha-tocopherols. For this reason, comparative tests of the alpha
      tocopherol (alpha-TOH) stereoisomers were made by means of the resorption
      gestation method, not only individually but also against the USP standard all-rac
      alpha-TA. In some of these tests, the parameter resorption-gestation was
      supplemented by determination of pyruvate kinase (PK) activity as well as by
      measurement of the vitamin E level in the liver. Quantitative statistical
      evaluation of the results was made by weighted probit analysis or by symmetrical
      parallel line assays. Comparison of all-rac-alpha-TOH (dl-alpha-TOH) with RRR
      alpha-TOH (d-alpha-TOH) in the resorption-gestation test revealed an activity
      ratio of 1:1.38. Compared with 2-ambo-alpha-TOH, RRR-alpha-TOH was more active by
      a factor of 1.34 (resorption-gestation) or 1.45 (myopathy). On account of its
      great importance in practice, the comparison between RRR-alpha-TOH and the USP
      standard was repeated three times. With the parameters resorption-gestation and
      myopathy, mean activities on a weight basis of 0.69 and 0.74, respectively, were
      measured. These results fail to confirm the established activity of 1 mg RRR
      alpha-TOH = 1.49 USP units. If vitamin E activity is to be given in alpha
      tocopherol equivalents (alpha-TE), the values are referred to RRR-alpha-TOH and
      the calculation is made with their reciprocals. Depending on the parameter used,
      the activity of 1 mg all-rac-alpha-TA was equivalent to 1.45 alpha-TE (resorption
      gestation) or 1.35 alpha-TE (myopathy) and was thus noticeably higher than the
      established value of 0.67 alpha-TE. For the first time, three parameters were
      determined simultaneously in the comparison of all-rac-alpha-TOH with the USP
      standard. Quantitative evaluation yielded the following activities: Resorption
      gestation, 0.52; Myopathy, 0.63; liver storage, 0.68. The currently accepted
      value of 1.10 USP units for 1 mg all-rac-alpha-TOH was thus not even reached
      approximately. In the light of our experimental findings as well as of those of
      other laboratories, the activities of the alpha-tocopherol stereoisomers
      expressed in USP units and of their esters expressed in alpha-tocopherol
      equivalents need to be corrected.

PMID- 3710719
TI  - The distribution and content of ubiquinone in foods.
AB  - We measured ubiquinone (UQ)-9 and UQ-10 content in various foods using high
      performance liquid chromatography. UQ-9 was detected in cereals, some vegetables
      and their products. Corn oil and wheat germ had large amounts of UQ-9 in
      particular. UQ-10 was detected in meats, fishes, pulses, nuts, dairy products and
      various vegetables. Migratory fishes, rapeseed oil and soybean oil had
      considerably large amounts of UQ-10.

PMID- 3710720
TI  - Can heatstable antithiamin factors inactivate thiamin in vitro and/or in vivo?
AB  - Aqueous solutions of thiamin hydrochloride were incubated with catechol for 24
      hr, pH 7.4 at 50 degrees C. Additional solutions of thiamin and catechol were
      incubated separately. After incubation the remaining thiamin was analyzed by the
      thiochrome procedure which showed that the thiamin in the thiamin-catechol
      mixture was reduced by 82.5-90% and the thiamin incubated alone by 18-20%. The
      solutions were fed to groups of rats after they had been on a thiamin free diet
      for 17 days. Body weight gains, erythrocyte transketolase (ETKA), thiamin
      pyrophosphate effect (TPPE) and liver and urine thiamin were measured. The
      results of these experiments showed that given the thiamin-catechol mixture
      (after incubation at pH 7.4, 50 degrees C for 24 hr) produced thiamin deficiency
      according to ETKA and TPPE values indicating that the thiamin was unavailable in
      vivo as well as in vitro. However, rats given thiamin and catechol separately
      (even after incubated each) no thiamin deficiency was observed.

PMID- 3710721
TI  - Evaluation of some vitamin B-complex nutriture in Ile-Ife and environs (Nigeria).
AB  - A nutritional survey was conducted in two rural areas and in the urban city of
      Ile-Ife (Nigeria) to determine the nutritional status of the population with
      respect to thiamin, riboflavin and niacin intake. On basis of socio-economic
      groupings, most subjects in the rural areas were found to fall under relatively
      low to middle income, whereas in the urban areas the subjects were more evenly
      distributed between low and high income. Both the rural and urban communities
      were found to be deficient in thiamin intake but the intakes of riboflavin and
      niacin were adequate and they met the daily vitamin recommended intake. A small
      but insignificant difference was found between male and female vitamin intake in
      both the urban and the rural areas. In the overall, vitamin nutriture was found
      to be superior in the urban areas compared with the rural areas. Lack of
      education and proper environmental sanitation are contributing factors in this
      apparent deficiency.

PMID- 3710723
TI  - Retinal vascular disorders.

PMID- 3710722
TI  - Intestinal uptake of nicotinic acid as a function of microclimate-pH.
AB  - The investigations aimed at clarifying the pH-dependence of 3H-nicotinic acid
      uptake into isolated strips of rat jejunum. Nicotinic acid is a weak-electrolyte
      with pKa 4.90. Thus, it was anticipated that the penetration rate of this vitamin
      into the intestinal epithelial cells is closely related to the amount of the
      diffusible i.e. non-ionic form which for its part is a function of the "virtual
      pH" on the mucosal surface. As determined by microelectrodes the surface pH was
      found to be between 5.41 and 6.80 when the strips were incubated in buffers
      between pH 4.5 and 9.0. At surface pH 5.83 the unidirectional flux rate was twice
      as high, at pH 5.41 three times as high as at surface pH values between 5.95 and
      6.80. At each pH the unidirectional flux of nicotinic acid was linearly dependent
      on the substrate concentration in a range between 0.1 microM and 1 mM, indicating
      simple diffusion as transport mechanism. Accordingly, the uptake rate was not
      affected by the substrate analogon, isonicotinic acid (5 microM and 250 microM).
      It can be concluded that the predominant part of the nicotinic acid is
      transported through the brush border membrane obeying the laws of a non-ionic
      diffusion. A relatively small portion of this substrate, however, was taken up by
      the tissue even when the vitamin was entirely dissociated, possibly by ionic
      diffusion or by binding.

PMID- 3710724
TI  - High-altitude retinal hemorrhage as a prognostic indicator in altitude illness.

PMID- 3710725
TI  - The effect of collagen cross-linkage inhibitors on rabbit corneas after radial
      keratotomy.
AB  - The inhibition of collagen cross-linkage by beta-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) and D
      penicillamine was tested in an attempt to enhance the myopic correction achieved
      by radial keratotomy. Two groups of six rabbits each underwent radial keratotomy
      in both eyes; one eye of each rabbit was treated with BAPN (33% in white
      petrolatum) or D-penicillamine (1.5 M in sterile water) three times a day for 6
      weeks, while the other eye received only vehicle. In spite of previous reports of
      positive results with BAPN, neither BAPN nor penicillamine was found to affect
      keratometry readings or corneal topography after radial keratotomy. Our results
      suggest that factors other than collagen cross-linkage exert major influences in
      determining the outcome of this refractive procedure.

PMID- 3710726
TI  - Differential protein synthesis in steroid-treated ocular surface epithelium.
AB  - Topical prednisolone and cortexolone, a known glucocorticoid receptor antagonist,
      differentially affected the synthesis of proteins in normal corneal epithelium
      and migrating conjunctival epithelium after complete corneal deepithelialization,
      as measured by 35S-methionine incorporation and SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel) electrophoresis. Application of either prednisolone or
      cortexolone to corneal epithelium resulted in similar protein synthesis patterns,
      each showing two new protein bands of about 15K and 32K. Cortexolone, but not
      prednisolone, initiated the appearance of several protein bands of different
      molecular weights in the migrating conjunctival epithelium, while treatment with
      prednisolone plus cortexolone resulted in a pattern of protein bands which
      resembled the saline-treated control. Crude extracts of prednisolone-treated
      migrating epithelium also enhanced the inhibition of phospholipase A2 activity,
      and this prednisolone-induced inhibition was reversed by cortexolone.

PMID- 3710727
TI  - In vitro inhibition of ocular cell proliferation with ara-C: blockage of the
      antiproliferative effect with 2'-deoxycytidine.
AB  - Cytosine arabinoside (ara-C), a cell cycle-phase specific antimetabolite, was
      tested in a tissue culture model of human scleral fibroblasts (HSCF), and human
      retinal pigmented epithelium cells (HRPE), to investigate possible applications
      in the modulation of wound healing after glaucoma filtering surgery and in the
      postoperative management of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Cell proliferation
      after a 72 hr incubation in the presence of ara-C was inhibited to 50% of the
      control growth rate (ID50) with calculated doses of 60 ng/ml in HSCF and 4 and 5
      ng/ml in HRPE cultures. 2'-deoxycytidine, a competitive inhibitor of ara-C
      action, completely eliminated the cell growth retardation of both cell types
      produced by ara-C after 72 hr incubation.

PMID- 3710729
TI  - Pathogenesis of Chandler's syndrome, essential iris atrophy and the Cogan-Reese
      syndrome. II. Estimated age at disease onset.
AB  - The presence of a layer of abnormal material in Descemet's membrane in eight
      keratoplasty specimens served as a marker to determine whether Chandler's
      syndrome, Essential Iris Atrophy, and the Cogan-Reese syndrome are congenital or
      acquired conditions. In all eight cases of the ICE syndrome, a pattern of
      membrane deposition was observed, which typifies acquired disorders: a completely
      normal prenatal layer and both normal and abnormal portions of the postnatal
      layer. The thickness of the membrane deposited before the onset of abnormal
      secretion was used to estimate a time span for possible ages at which abnormal
      secretion began. The estimated age intervals for all diseased specimens had their
      lower limits in the postnatal period. Thus, these results led us to the
      conclusion that abnormal Descemet's membrane first appeared in postnatal life,
      years before clinical recognition of disease. The possibility of a viral etiology
      for this unilateral endotheliopathy resulting in an altered Descemet's membrane
      is discussed.

PMID- 3710728
TI  - Pathogenesis of Chandler's syndrome, essential iris atrophy and the Cogan-Reese
      syndrome. I. Alterations of the corneal endothelium.
AB  - Eight keratoplasty and 14 trabeculectomy specimens from Chandler's syndrome,
      Essential Iris Atrophy, and the Cogan-Reese syndrome were studied by electron
      microscopic and morphometric methods. The corneal endothelium in these conditions
      undergoes the most varied and complex alterations of any of the endotheliopathies
      so far studied. The size, shape, and density are altered, and the apical surface
      shows a myriad of abnormalities including alterations of the intercellular
      borders and junctions, and formation of numerous microvilli, filopodia, and
      "blebs." Whereas many cells have features indicative of metabolic activity, and
      others may have undergone division, still others appear to have been injured as
      they are disrupted and necrotic. There is also evidence for the presence of a low
      grade, long-standing chronic inflammation and an associated loss of contact
      inhibition with formation of multiple endothelial layers. These changes do not
      encompass the entire endothelium, as some regions remain relatively unaffected,
      and each specimen presents a unique morphology. The endothelium is most affected
      in cases of Essential Iris Atrophy. Some changes may be related to such processes
      as cell migration and reparative activities. However, the presence of cell
      necrosis (apoptosis) and chronic inflammation (endotheliitis) may be more
      specifically related to the ICE syndrome endotheliopathy. The slit lamp and
      specular microscopy findings characteristic of this disease are correlated with
      the described histologic abnormalities.

PMID- 3710730
TI  - Laser densitometric analysis of class I HLA antigen expression by corneal
      epithelium.
AB  - Laser densitometric analysis of immunoperoxidase stained tissue was used to
      quantitate class I HLA (HLA-A,B,C) antigen expression by human corneal
      epithelium. Frozen sections of human donor corneas stored in modified McCarey
      Kaufman medium for less than 24 hr were evaluated for class I HLA antigen by an
      indirect immunoperoxidase technique using a monoclonal antibody reactive against
      a class I HLA antigen determinant. Photomicrographs of stained epithelium taken
      under standardized conditions were evaluated by laser densitometry. Measurements
      from peripheral and central corneal epithelium on the same tissue section were
      compared. Total stain, stain density, and stain intensity were higher for
      peripheral than for central corneal epithelium, indicating that class I HLA
      antigen expression is greater for peripheral than for central epithelium.

PMID- 3710731
TI  - Rabbit corneal endothelial cells modulated by polymorphonuclear leukocytes are
      fibroblasts. Comparison with keratocytes.
AB  - The authors previously reported that polymorphonuclear leukocytes modulate rabbit
      corneal endothelial cells into fibroblasts, which acquire the characteristics of
      fibroblasts. The progeny of the fibroblastic corneal endothelial cells (FCEC)
      were further studied to compare the characteristics of the fibroblast with those
      of keratocytes as a function of culture age. During 11 days in culture, FCEC
      showed 32 population doublings, whereas keratocytes underwent 10 population
      doublings. When collagen phenotypes of both cultures were analyzed as a function
      of culture age, labeled collagens in both cultures were fractionated into types
      I, III, and V. The proportion of each collagen was relatively unchanged in
      keratocytes regardless of culture age: type I accounted for 92-96%, type III for
      2-6% and type V for 2-5%. In contrast, the profiles were significantly changed in
      FCEC: at day 2, type I accounted for 57%, type III for 37.5%, and type V 5.5%.
      Over the following 2 days, type I increased to approximately 75%, whereas type
      III collagen decreased to approximately 20%. As FCEC multilayered, type I
      collagen synthesis reached a stationary level of 80%, with 12% of type III. When
      the stoichiometry of type I collagen was compared, the alpha 1/alpha 2 ratio was
      6.2 in FCEC and the ratio was 3.5 in keratocytes at day 2. The ratio reached a
      normal value at day 7 in FCEC and at day 3 in keratocytes. The synthesis of type
      I trimer and transient alteration of type I/III and the rapid growth rate at
      early stages of growth, indicate that FCEC behave like cells seen in wound
      healing or other rapidly growing tissues, in contrast to the stabilized
      keratocytes.

PMID- 3710732
TI  - Cholinergic stimulation of phosphatidic acid formation by rat cornea in vitro.
AB  - The cornea has one of the highest acetylcholine (ACh) concentrations of any
      tissue but the function of the ACh has remained enigmatic. During studies on
      corneal arachidonic acid metabolism, we observed that ACh stimulates formation of
      labeled phosphatidic acid in rat corneas whose phospholipids were prelabeled with
      [14C]arachidonate. ACh did not affect the metabolism of free [14C]arachidonate.
      [14C]Arachidonyl-phosphatidic acid formation was doubled after 10 min of
      incubation in the presence of ACh concentrations of 10(-4) M or greater. The
      stimulation by ACh could be completely blocked by atropine and scopolamine and
      partially blocked by d-tubocurarine. These studies suggest that intact rat cornea
      has muscarinic cholinergic receptors and that the enzymes of the inositol
      phospholipids pathway are present since phosphatidic acid is an obligatory
      intermediate in that cycle of reactions.

PMID- 3710733
TI  - A new contact lens for posterior vitreous photodisruption.
AB  - Effective and safe photodisruption requires that the laser pulse be brought to a
      fine focus. Contact lenses are generally required to compensate for the optical
      aberrations of the eye which degrade the laser focus. The theoretical analysis of
      these aberrations has led to the construction of a contact lens which minimizes
      aberrations in the posterior vitreous. Clinical applications confirm the
      increased efficacy and safety of posterior vitreous photodisruption using this
      contact lens.

PMID- 3710734
TI  - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and the ocular innervation.
AB  - The indirect immunofluorescence technique with antisera to vasoactive intestinal
      polypeptide (VIP) stains peripheral nerve fibers in both the anterior segment and
      the posterior segment of rat, guinea pig, cat, and rhesus monkey eyes. While
      immunoreactive corneal nerves are lacking, all four species have a prominent
      innervation of the superficial limbal blood vessels. The aqueous humor outflow
      apparatus of the rat, guinea pig, and cat, but not the monkey, contain VIP-like
      immunoreactive nerves. All four animals have immunoreactive iris nerve fibers,
      tending either to surround large blood vessels or to lie as free stromal nerves.
      Only in the cat are immunoreactive nerve fibers seen within the iris muscles. A
      modest number of VIP-like immunoreactive nerves are present in the ciliary body
      of all four animals; immunoreactive nerve fibers within the ciliary processes
      occur only in the rat and guinea pig. VIP-like immunoreactive nerves are found in
      the choroid of all four animals. An association of immunoreactive nerve fibers to
      uveal melanocytes also is apparent. The present findings expand several prior
      immunohistochemical studies of mammalian eyes in which the VIP-like
      immunoreactive nerves to the choroid was emphasized.

PMID- 3710735
TI  - Effect of inflammation on antibiotic penetration into the anterior segment of the
      rat eye.
AB  - Bacterial infections were established in the right cornea of rats. Animals
      infected with Staphylococcus aureus were given cephradine intravenously (IV) (40
      mg/kg) or topically (50 mg/ml) to both eyes. Animals infected with Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa were given gentamicin sulfate IV (40 mg/kg) or topically (10 mg/ml).
      Antibiotic concentrations in cornea and aqueous humor were measured for 4 hrs
      following dosing using bioassay and radioimmunoassay. In general, infection
      significantly increased the concentrations obtained soon after dosing. Topically
      applied cephradine passed through infected eyes more quickly than through normal
      eyes. Of the pharmacokinetic parameters derived, the permeability of the corneal
      epithelium to gentamicin in the rat more closely agrees with reported human
      values than does the rabbit, while the coefficient of elimination from aqueous in
      the rat is considerably greater than that for either humans or rabbits. This
      suggests that there are both advantages and disadvantages in using the rat for
      therapeutic studies of ocular disease.

PMID- 3710736
TI  - Measurement of fluorescein and fluorescein monoglucuronide in the living human
      eye.
AB  - Fluorescein monoglucuronide is a fluorescent metabolite of fluorescein, and is
      1/3 to 1/34 as fluorescent as fluorescein, depending on the wavelength of
      excitation. After systemic administration, fluorescein glucuronide reaches
      concentrations many times greater than fluorescein. In order to study the effect
      of fluorescein glucuronide on the measurement of ocular dynamics, we devised a
      technique to measure fluorescein and fluorescein glucuronide in the anterior
      segment of the living human eye. Concentrations of each fluorophore were
      determined by differential spectrofluorophotometry from measurements at
      excitation wavelengths of 457.9 nm and 488.0 nm. Measurements were made on normal
      volunteers after oral and intravenous administration of fluorescein. Fluorescein
      was the dominant fluorophore during the first hour, while fluorescein glucuronide
      became dominant after 3 hours. By 6 hours there was 10 to 30 times more
      fluorescein glucuronide than fluorescein in the anterior chamber after oral
      administration, and three to ten times more after intravenous administration. The
      blood aqueous diffusion coefficient kd estimated from the apparent concentration
      of fluorescein measured at 457.9 nm was consistently greater than kd estimated
      from measurements at 488.0 nm. Estimates of kd, which were made on the basis of
      concentrations of fluorescein determined from measurements at both wavelengths,
      were lower than estimates based on measurements at either wavelength. These
      results indicate that wavelength of excitation may influence the determination of
      ocular parameters when systemic fluorescein is used. Care must be taken in the
      interpretation of measurements when metabolites of a fluorophore can interfere
      with measurement of the fluorophore itself.

PMID- 3710737
TI  - Retrograde horseradish peroxidase transport after oculomotor nerve injury.
AB  - We studied the distribution of somatic motor neurons innervating the cat superior
      rectus 3-6 months after oculomotor nerve injury using intramuscular horseradish
      peroxidase (HRP). In normal cats, 98% or more of the labelled superior rectus
      motoneurons were in the contralateral oculomotor subnucleus. Two experimental
      cats who exhibited little or no evidence of recovery showed few labelled cells
      (4% of controls) which were distributed in both the ipsilateral and contralateral
      oculomotor nucleus. The other three experimental cats demonstrated definite signs
      of recovery, and HRP injections labelled more cells (20% of controls) also
      distributed in the ipsilateral and contralateral oculomotor subnuclei. This study
      shows that, after sectioning, the oculomotor nerve regenerates and anomalous
      connections develop between the somatic motoneurons of the ipsilateral oculomotor
      nucleus and the superior rectus. These findings support the hypothesis that
      acquired oculomotor synkinesis developing after third nerve injury results from
      misdirection of regenerating axons.

PMID- 3710738
TI  - Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase of calf trabecular meshwork.
AB  - Activities of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate
      dehydrogenase of calf trabecular meshwork were measured and found to be 0.23 and
      0.47 mumole/min/g tissue, respectively. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase was
      purified 450-fold with a yield of 91% by anion exchange chromatography and 2',5'
      ADP agarose affinity chromatography. It was activated by Ca2+, Mg2+, and Mn2+. It
      was deactivated by p-chloromecuribenzoate, p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate, and
      iodoacetamide, but this deactivation could be prevented by pretreatment with
      cysteine or glutathione. Its rate was regulated by the NADPH/NADP+ ratio, being
      maximal at a ratio of 0, and negligible at a ratio of 10. At the physiological
      ratio of 5, its rate was approximately half maximal. On disc gel electrophoresis
      of both the crude and purified enzyme, seven bands of glucose 6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase activity could be seen. The isozyme pattern was similar to that of
      calf retina, but different from that of calf liver. These data suggest that
      trabecular meshwork is well supplied with the capacity to generate NADPH. Typical
      demands for NADPH may be to detoxify H2O2 and/or organic peroxides through the
      glutathione peroxidase/glutathione reductase system, and both generating and
      removing products of the "killing reaction" during phagocytosis.

PMID- 3710739
TI  - Transport of fluorescein monoglucuronide out of the vitreous.
AB  - The transport of fluorescein monoglucuronide, a fluorescent metabolite of
      fluorescein, from the vitreous was studied. Ten microliter of 1 mM fluorescein
      monoglucuronide or fluorescein solution was injected into the rabbit vitreous
      body, and the vitreous concentration was measured every 2 hr. The rate of loss
      from the vitreous was 0.066 +/- 0.012 (SD)/hour for fluorescein monoglucuronide
      and 0.22 +/- 0.029/hour for fluorescein. Systemically administered probenecid
      caused a statistically significant reduction in the loss from the vitreous of
      each of them.

PMID- 3710740
TI  - Systemic absorption of gallbladder sclerosing agents in the rabbit. A preliminary
      study.
AB  - The absorbed levels of ethanol or tetracycline, used as gallbladder sclerosing
      agents, were measured in the systemic blood circulation of 16 rabbits. The
      maximal systemic level of ethanol was 46 mg/dl and of tetracycline was 4.6
      micrograms/ml after 30 minutes of gallbladder exposure. Comparable serum levels
      would be considered nontoxic in humans. As a gallbladder sclerosing agent,
      tetracycline (50 mg/cc) was slightly more effective than 95% ethanol exposed for
      either 15 or 30 minutes.

PMID- 3710741
TI  - Cystic duct occlusion and transcatheter sclerosis of the gallbladder in the
      rabbit.
AB  - We have identified a reliable sclerosant of the gallbladder in rabbits. After
      ligating the cystic ducts with a silk ligature in 24 rabbits and aspirating the
      bile from the gallbladder, we instilled a mixture of 95% ethanol and either 2 M%
      trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) or 5 M% TFA into the gallbladder. The animals were
      killed after 6 or 8 weeks. Ethanol with TFA resulted in replacement of
      gallbladder lumen with fibrous tissue in 22 rabbits. The two sclerosants were
      equally reliable and produced quantitatively similar fibrosis in the rabbits. The
      tendency for normal biliary mucosa to repopulate a sclerosed gallbladder can be
      obviated by complete occlusion of the cystic duct. The parameters for successful
      transcatheter sclerosis of the gallbladder have now been defined in an animal
      model.

PMID- 3710742
TI  - Herniography: comparison of morbidity and image quality after use of high and low
      osmolality contrast media.
AB  - The morbidity and image quality after administration of three different contrast
      media were compared in 229 patients referred for herniography. Sixty patients
      received metrizoate 150 mg I/ml, 92 received metrizoate 200 mg I/ml, and 77
      patients, ioxaglate 200 mg I/ml. Patient discomfort was single-blindedly assessed
      based on an arbitrary verbal rating scale. The number of patients with pain
      increased with the osmolality of the contrast media. Metrizoate 200 induced pain
      in 57% of the patients, metrizoate caused pain in 39%, and ioxaglate 200 in 18%.
      Hernia patients who received metrizoate 200 had pain significantly more often
      (72%) than patients without hernia (45%). Seven patients, predominantly young
      men, had a vasovagal reaction associated with the administration of contrast
      media. The image quality was sufficient after all injections of 200 mg I/ml. The
      results indicate that low osmolality contrast media with an iodine concentration
      of about 200 mg I/ml are well suited for herniography.

PMID- 3710743
TI  - The normal movements of the hyoid bone during swallow.
AB  - The position of the hyoid bone during quiet breathing and its movement during
      pharyngeal swallow, as well as its relation to the movement of the epiglottis and
      the elevation of the rima glottidis were studied with cineradiography in 50
      nondysphagial volunteers. The movement of the hyoid bone occurred in either a two
      step (40 patients) or a one-step (10 patients) fashion. The findings confirm that
      pharyngeal swallow is executed with precision and with only small variability in
      measured parameters.

PMID- 3710744
TI  - Proton relaxation times in arterial wall and atheromatous lesions in man.
AB  - The proton relaxation times of autopsy samples of arterial intima-media were
      measured with an NMR spectrometer and results correlated to the microscopically
      estimated lipid content of the vascular wall. The normal arterial intima-media
      contained two T1 relaxation components. The short T1 component (T1s) was 90 +/-
      13 ms and its relative weight was 11%. The long T1 component (T1l) was 523 +/- 89
      ms and relative weight 88%, respectively. The average T2 was 99 +/- 18 ms. In
      diseased vessels, a positive correlation was found between the lipid content of
      the vessel wall and the relaxation rate of the fast component. T1s of the intima
      media was significantly shorter (P less than .01) in severe atheromatosis
      compared with vessels without fat deposition. The results suggest that
      atheromatous lesions should be best highlighted in spin-echo images by using
      short TR and TE to suppress the influence of T1l and to avoid (noncontrast
      contributing) T2 decay of the signal intensity.

PMID- 3710746
TI  - Vitalism and proton relaxation.

PMID- 3710747
TI  - The spleen in Hodgkin disease: diagnostic value of CT.

PMID- 3710745
TI  - Flank mass and pain in a 72-year-old man.
AB  - This patient had retroperitoneal multiseptated masses, which extensively invaded
      the right flank and thigh musculature. The radiologic, pathologic, and clinical
      findings were consistent with a retroperitoneal pseudomyxoma from an appendiceal
      mucocele.

PMID- 3710748
TI  - Allergic mechanisms in bronchial asthma.

PMID- 3710749
TI  - New UI Medical Psychiatry Unit serves special patients.

PMID- 3710750
TI  - Nerve-saving prostate operation preserves sexual function.

PMID- 3710751
TI  - Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma: a difficult diagnosis.

PMID- 3710752
TI  - Medical direction of prehospital care.

PMID- 3710754
TI  - A study of behavioural deviance in 10 and 11 year old Irish school girls in an
      urban area.

PMID- 3710753
TI  - Ion distribution in bovine tracheal smooth muscle and its modification by
      histamine.

PMID- 3710756
TI  - Kaposi's sarcoma--a need for vigilance.

PMID- 3710755
TI  - Experimental oedematous pancreatitis: the effects of ischaemia.

PMID- 3710757
TI  - Spinal cord and cauda equinal compression by non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

PMID- 3710758
TI  - Antibiotics for children--are they overprescribed?

PMID- 3710759
TI  - Heroin abuse in an inner-city practice.

PMID- 3710760
TI  - Compliance with chemotherapy for tuberculosis.

PMID- 3710761
TI  - Correlation of oestrogen receptors with prognostic indices in primary breast
      carcinoma.

PMID- 3710762
TI  - Survey of the pattern of antibiotic prescribing at a children's casualty
      department.

PMID- 3710763
TI  - Prospective application of a diagnostic index for metabolic bone disease.

PMID- 3710764
TI  - Bulk-preparation of hepatic binding protein.
AB  - A method for the extraction in the cold of hepatic binding protein using a novel
      combination of detergents, namely 1% Na urso deoxycholate and 5% Tween 80 in the
      extraction buffer, which allows a significantly higher recovery of lectin than 1%
      Triton X-100 is described. It is noteworthy that this lectin preparation can be
      maintained in solution for over a month and can be used in vitro and in vivo.

PMID- 3710765
TI  - Fast and high-yielding procedures for the isolation of bovine seminal RNAase.
AB  - Fast and high yielding procedures for the isolation of bovine seminal RNAase are
      described. Homogeneous enzyme is prepared from seminal plasma in high yields in a
      single chromatographic step. Higher amounts (hundreds of mg) are easily prepared
      from seminal vesicles, a more available source of enzyme. Both procedures can be
      used also for the direct isolation of the isoenzymes of bovine seminal RNAase. An
      ultrarapid (1 hour) procedure is described for the preparation of mg amounts of
      pure enzyme, or of the individual isoenzymes, from seminal plasma.

PMID- 3710766
TI  - A simple procedure for the purification of neutral salt soluble type I collagen
      from skin.
AB  - Intact monomeric type I collagen was purified from fetal bovine skin by a simple
      and time saving procedure. Saline precipitates of mixed skin collagens, in 4 M
      NaCl, were extracted with a limited volume of dilute acetic acid, taken in the
      proportion of 1 ml per g of original wet skin; NaCl in the precipitate was not
      removed by dialysis. The salt concentration in the extraction medium in the above
      conditions, selectively solubilized type I collagen.

PMID- 3710767
TI  - Release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) into mouse peritoneal fluids by OK-432, a
      streptococcal preparation.
AB  - A cytotoxic factor was induced in peritoneal fluid by injection of OK-432 in mice
      which had been primed with OK-432. Two-step stimulation (priming and eliciting)
      was always necessary to induce the cytotoxic factor. OK-432-primed mice did not
      produce soluble cytotoxic factor spontaneously and no cytotoxic activity was
      detected in the mice treated by a single injection of OK-432 as an eliciting
      agent. This observation was also confirmed by in vitro experiments. Only when
      activated macrophages were incubated with OK-432 (or with lipopolysaccharide) was
      cytotoxin released into medium supernatant. High doses of OK-432 were required to
      prime mice for the production of cytotoxic factor, whereas a small amount was
      enough to elicit. The peritoneal cytotoxic factor obtained by OK-432 injection
      appears to be identical to tumor necrosis factor in the serum for the following
      reasons: The two factors are similar in mode of cytotoxic action. Both are
      produced from macrophages. They are similar in physicochemical characteristics.
      The cytotoxicity of the peritoneal cytotoxic factor was totally abolished by anti
      TNF serum.

PMID- 3710768
TI  - Effects of nandrolone decanoate or testosterone decanoate on murine lupus:
      further evidence for a dissociation of autoimmunosuppressive and endocrine
      effects.
AB  - Nandrolone decanoate injections (20, 40 or 80 mg/kg/3 weeks) in female or
      castrated male New Zealand black/white mice, starting at various ages (4, 9, 17
      or 26 weeks) prolong survival, reduce proteinuria and affect the weights of
      various endocrine and non-endocrine organs. Nandrolone decanoate is at least
      equally potent as testosterone decanoate with respect to its beneficial effects
      on lupus-associated symptoms; in contrast, its effects on some other androgen
      sensitive endocrine parameters are significantly less. These observations show
      that the autoimmunosuppressive effects of steroids are not quantitatively
      correlated to endocrine properties.

PMID- 3710769
TI  - The role of stress in recurrent tension headache.

PMID- 3710770
TI  - Calcitonin and migraine.

PMID- 3710771
TI  - Bilateral sympathetic dysfunction in post-traumatic headaches.

PMID- 3710772
TI  - Inpatient treatment of headache: long-term results.

PMID- 3710773
TI  - Headache and the thoracic outlet syndrome.

PMID- 3710774
TI  - Tremor headaches.

PMID- 3710775
TI  - Methods of hospital use control in health maintenance organizations.
AB  - The results of the study upon which this article is based show that most HMO
      plans do not rely solely on incentives as control methods; they impose several
      other controls including direct constraints on physician decisions to use
      hospital resources. HMO managers seem to have developed a technology of hospital
      use control that is applicable regardless of the model, age, or size.

PMID- 3710776
TI  - Strategic management of turnover: a model for the health service administrator.
AB  - A variety of factors--individual, organizational, and environmental--affect the
      employee turnover process. The process can be identified and administrators can
      use a number of management techniques to control an employee's decision to stay
      or leave the organization.

PMID- 3710777
TI  - Using career paths to maximize nursing resources.
AB  - Managing nursing resources is vital in today's environment of financial
      pressures. Understanding what motivates nurses and how to reduce staff turnover
      by providing career paths can help administrators increase productivity and
      reduce personnel costs.

PMID- 3710778
TI  - Strengthening the hospital's marketing position through training.
AB  - Through the HOSPITAL-ity program, the Department of Human Resources Development
      at Albert Einstein Medical Center tackled the problem of decreasing hospital
      occupancy. They did it by using training professionals to help tap the
      institution's human resources.

PMID- 3710779
TI  - Artificial suntanning: spectral irradiance and hazard evaluation of ultraviolet
      sources.
AB  - High incidences of skin damage and skin cancer amongst Australians have resulted
      in numerous campaigns to encourage people to protect themselves against solar
      ultraviolet radiation (UVR). The detrimental effects of UV-B radiation have been
      known for some time but recently there has been concern over the effects of UV-A
      radiation which had been thought of as relatively harmless. The proliferation of
      solaria, which incorporate UV-A sources, prompted the issuing of an Australian
      standard dealing with technical and non-technical aspects of the artificial
      suntanning industry. The purpose of this study was to measure the irradiance and
      spectral distribution of the emission from sunbeds and other UVR sources used for
      tanning, to evaluate the hazard potential and also the compliance with the
      standard. It was found that the majority of the UV-A lamps evaluated met the
      requirements of the standard. The UV-B lamps and portable sunlamps are
      potentially hazardous and their use should be discouraged. In general, the survey
      of solaria highlighted the need for further education of the public and
      especially the users and operators of solaria, on the hazards of UVR and of
      protective measures required for its safe use.

PMID- 3710780
TI  - A graphical method for forecasting radiation exposure from multi-aged fallout
      from nuclear weapons.
AB  - After a nuclear attack it may be necessary for emergency workers, such as
      firemen, utility workers and medical personnel, to perform urgent tasks in areas
      highly contaminated by radioactive fallout. To assist the control of radiation
      exposure of these workers, it will be useful to provide means to forecast
      radiation exposures both inside and outside the fallout shelter. The method
      described in this paper is intended for use during the first few days to weeks
      after the attack, after which time more sophisticated methods may become
      available. This method requires only a radiation-rate meter, special graph paper,
      and a timepiece. Communications with Emergency Operating Centers or other sources
      of information are not necessary. The method permits the determination of the age
      of fallout and future exposure rates for a location that might be subjected to a
      number of different fallout clouds, without requiring knowledge of the weapon
      yields or times of detonation. This method will provide results with less
      accuracy if different-aged fallout clouds arrive simultaneously. The method is
      self-correcting so that if the actual decay rate is different than that which is
      assumed, the forecasted rates will have less error than results obtained by
      previous methods.

PMID- 3710781
TI  - RADFOOD--a dynamic model for radioactivity transfer through the human food chain.
AB  - Radioactive fallout presents a short-term risk due to its direct deposition on
      agricultural crops, as well as a long-term risk resulting from its deposition on
      soil and subsequent uptake by crops. A dynamic model, RADFOOD, was developed,
      based on different existing models. It simulates transport of fallout
      radionuclides through agricultural food chains to man and evaluates the radiation
      doses resulting from consumption of contaminated food. Transport was modeled
      through compartments representing various environmental elements of food
      products. Internal radiation doses (whole-body weighted doses) following
      ingestion of contaminated foodstuffs were then estimated. Specific types of
      crops, soils and diet of man and livestock were considered. A sample calculation
      was performed in which individual and collective radiation doses, as well as
      associated health effects, resulting from fallout contamination were evaluated.
      They were estimated for food consumption beginning at various times after the
      fallout deposition and for different consumption durations. A sensitivity
      analysis, performed for the main model parameters, showed that the radiation dose
      is sensitive, for the short-term period, to changes in initial deposition levels
      and in the parameters characterizing initial fallout interception and
      resuspension.

PMID- 3710782
TI  - Natural U concentrations in soft tissues and bone of New York City residents.
AB  - Specimens of lung, liver, kidney and vertebrae from New York City autopsy cases
      were measured for naturally occurring U. An age dependency in U concentration was
      found in lung and vertebrae. The bone concentration was found to be a factor of
      10 lower than previously reported for this tissue, thus the skeletal burden of U
      is estimated to be factor of 10 lower than that suggested in ICRP Publication 23.

PMID- 3710783
TI  - Predicting the retention of Cs in individuals.
AB  - Various factors have been offered to explain and/or predict the wide variation in
      the retention of Cs among humans. For example, the biological half-time of Cs has
      been expressed as an increasing function of body mass and also as an increasing
      function of age throughout life. Some early investigators attempted to describe
      accumulation of Cs in the body in terms of discrimination factors between Cs and
      the chemically similar element K, but such factors were found to oversimplify the
      relation between Cs and K and they were soon abandoned. In this paper it is shown
      that K may be a useful index, after all, for predicting the retention patterns of
      Cs in individuals. A predictive model for individuals is constructed, using
      observed relationships between the mass of total-body K (Kt) and the parameters
      in the standard two-exponential retention model for Cs.

PMID- 3710784
TI  - Neutron dosimetry in the containment of a pressurized water reactor using a
      neutron-sensitive beta/gamma dosimetry system.
AB  - In this study the Panasonic UD-802 dosimeter was evaluated as a potential neutron
      dosimeter for use in the containment of a pressurized water reactor by comparing
      the results from the UD-802 with remmeter readings. The Panasonic UD-802
      dosimeter is used routinely as a beta and gamma dosimeter but due to the natural
      Li and B in the thermoluminescent materials, it is also sensitive to neutrons.
      Since a dosimeter's response to neutrons is energy-dependent, proper calibration
      of the UD-802 in the environment for which it is to be used was an important
      consideration of the study. To calibrate the system, UD-802 dosimeters were
      mounted on polyethylene phantoms and irradiated to reference doses at selected
      locations in containment. The reference doses were determined based on remmeter
      dose-rate measurements and stay times. The thermoluminescent response of the
      dosimeters and the reference measurements were used to obtain a response ratio at
      each location. The average response ratio (unit of dosimeter response per
      millirem) was 3.7 and all response ratios were within +/-30% of this mean value.
      Specific characteristics of the UD-802 were also investigated, that is, the
      effects that dosimeter distance from the phantom and a person's movement through
      containment have on response. The dosimeter distance from the phantom was found
      to have a minimal effect on response, but the system was found to be dependent
      upon the angle of the phantom relative to the reactor core, necessitating a
      correction in the calibration factor. The overall conclusion of this study was
      that the Panasonic UD-802 dosimeter can be used for neutron dosimetry in
      containment of a pressurized water reactor.

PMID- 3710785
TI  - Radionuclide uptake by trees at a radwaste pond in Washington State.
AB  - This paper presents work conducted in the summer of 1980 by Rockwell Hanford
      Operations, Hanford, WA, in support of a proposed effort to decommission and
      decontaminate a Hanford radwaste pond (216-U-10 Pond). The radionuclide values
      presented here are in addition to the U-Pond work that was recently published
      (La83) and are below any levels of environmental concern and within state and
      federal guidelines. U-Pond was constructed in 1944 for the surface disposal of
      industrial waste waters from nuclear separation processes and is one of the
      longest used aquatic, low-level, radioactive waste-disposal sites in the world.
      Tree leaf/twig, root, core and soil samples were collected and analyzed for
      137Cs, 90Sr and 239Pu/240Pu. Strontium-90 was more readily taken up by trees than
      137Cs or 239Pu/240Pu. Soil concentration values for 137Cs and 239Pu/240Pu were
      significantly greater (p less than or equal to 0.05) than all tree component
      parts. Radionuclide concentration ratios were higher for 90Sr (0.01-1355.0) than
      for 137Cs and 239Pu/240Pu for all tree components examined. Concentration ratios
      for 239Pu/240Pu ranged from 10(-6) to 10(-2) and are comparable to other studies
      conducted at the U.S. Department of Energy's Oak Ridge and Savannah River
      laboratories. These data represent the first quantitative information with
      respect to radionuclide uptake by trees on the Hanford Site.

PMID- 3710786
TI  - Temperature regulation in the mouse and hamster exposed to microwaves in hot
      environments.
AB  - Colonic temperature was measured in naive BALB/c mice and golden hamsters
      immediately following 90-min exposures to 2450-MHz radiofrequency (RF) radiation
      at an ambient temperature (Ta) of 32.2 or 35 degrees C (dry air). Exposures were
      performed in a temperature-controlled waveguide which permitted continuous
      monitoring of the specific absorption rate (SAR) of RF energy. At a Ta of 32.2
      degrees C the threshold SAR for elevating colonic temperature and the SAR
      resulting in a 0.5 degree C elevation in colonic temperature were, respectively,
      4.3 and 6.5 W/kg for the mouse and 0.68 and 1.1 W/kg for the hamster. At a Ta of
      35 degrees C these values were 0.12 and 0.63 W/kg for the mouse and 0.46 and 0.8
      W/kg for the hamster. The SARs required to elevate body temperature in the mouse
      and hamster at these relatively warm Ta's are considerably lower than those
      required at cooler Ta's of 20 to 30 degrees C. Overall, the hamster became
      hyperthermic at lower SARs than the mouse. Ta's of 35 degrees C and greater are
      frequently encountered during heat waves in the summer months. Under such
      stressful environmental conditions where heat loss is impaired, absorption of RF
      radiation at relatively low SARs may lead to significant hyperthermia which would
      otherwise be readily dissipated at lower Ta's.

PMID- 3710787
TI  - Use of a gated counting method for radiation monitoring at a 45-MeV electron
      LINAC facility.
AB  - A fixed-point radiation monitoring system based on the gated counting method,
      which was previously reported by us, was constructed for a 45-MeV electron LINAC
      facility. It was tested under different beam intensities of the accelerator both
      at the current and repetition rates. It showed excellent dynamic response (from
      2.5 X 10(-11) to 1.0 X 10(-8) Sv h-1) to the intensity variation of the radiation
      source. It was demonstrated that the system was very useful in monitoring an
      extremely low-level radiation from a pulsed source.

PMID- 3710788
TI  - Thermoluminescence response of LiF to alpha radiation.
AB  - The relative alpha-to-gamma radiation sensitivity of LiF chips (TLD-100) was
      determined using 241Am and 137Cs. Sensitivity is expressed in thermoluminescence
      per unit of absorbed dose in grays. The relative sensitivity varied from 0.13 to
      0.23 with a mean of 0.18 +/- 0.03. The chips were exposed at ambient temperature
      and pressure.

PMID- 3710789
TI  - Effects of selected materials and geometries on the beta dose equivalent rate in
      a tissue equivalent phantom immersed in infinite clouds of 133Xe.
AB  - Most calculations of dose equivalent (D.E.) rates at 70-micron tissue depths in
      tissue equivalent (T.E.) phantoms from infinite clouds (radius exceeds maximum
      beta range in air) of 133Xe do not consider the possible effects of clothing
      overlays. Consequently, a series of measurements were made using a 1-mm-thick
      plastic scintillation detector assembly mounted in a tissue equivalent (T.E.)
      phantom with an overlay of 70 micron of T.E. material. This assembly was placed
      in an infinite cloud containing a known concentration of 133Xe. Material samples
      were placed at selected distances from the detector phantom, both individually
      and in various combinations. Pulse-height spectra resulting from beta radiations
      were converted to relative D.E. rates at a 70-micron tissue depth. The relative
      D.E. rates were reduced from values with no clothing cover by as little as 45%
      when placing a single thin nylon cloth 1 cm from the phantom, to 94% for a T
      shirt material plus wool material plus denim placed 1/2, 1 and 3 cm,
      respectively, from the phantom. The results indicate that even loosely fitting
      clothing can have an important effect on reducing the D.E. rate. Close-fitting
      clothing appears to provide better protection.

PMID- 3710790
TI  - Comparison of nuclear track and diffusion barrier charcoal adsorption methods for
      measurement of 222Rn levels in indoor air.

PMID- 3710791
TI  - Radon-222 air concentrations in the Slovenian karst caves of Yugoslavia.

PMID- 3710792
TI  - Distribution of gamma-emitting radionuclides in soils at the Atomic Energy
      Research Establishment, Savar, Bangladesh.

PMID- 3710793
TI  - Further work concerning a case of Am contamination in the lateral axillary lymph
      nodes.

PMID- 3710794
TI  - Impurities in generator eluates and radiopharmaceuticals: a computerized quality
      assurance approach.

PMID- 3710795
TI  - The natural radioactivity of some building materials used in Bangladesh.

PMID- 3710796
TI  - Radiocesium concentrations in two populations of feral hogs.

PMID- 3710797
TI  - Further studies on Pu metabolism by swine.

PMID- 3710798
TI  - An optimum form of regression equation for estimating chest wall thickness in Pu
      lung counting.

PMID- 3710799
TI  - On the relationship between the flux values of beta radiation from a thin plane
      source for semi-infinite and infinite media.

PMID- 3710801
TI  - Thirty-first annual meeting of the Health Physics Society. 29 June-3 July 1986,
      Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Abstracts.

PMID- 3710800
TI  - Reply to 'Comments on Rn risk estimates in NCRP Report No. 77'.

PMID- 3710802
TI  - A taxonomic analysis of multihospital systems.
AB  - Research to date on multihospital systems has proved largely uninformative, in
      part because similarities and differences among these organizations have not been
      addressed systematically. Through numeric classification, this article identifies
      populations of multihospital systems that share similar organizational
      attributes. Drawing on McKelvey's classification theory, 16 organizational
      characteristics of 160 multihospital systems are analyzed using a series of
      taxonomic techniques, including cluster analysis, multiple discriminant analysis,
      and analysis of coefficients of variation. Fifteen distinct subgroups of systems
      are identified and described, and their implications for organization research
      discussed.

PMID- 3710803
TI  - The future role of foreign medical graduates in U.S. medical practice:
      projections into the 1990s.
AB  - Projections of the effect of actual and hypothesized declines in the proportion
      of foreign medical graduates (FMGs) in residency training on the future
      distribution of physicians are explored. We find potential proportionate declines
      in the eventual location of physicians in rural areas and small towns in the
      North Central regions, and in solo and partnership arrangements in the Northeast,
      North Central, and Southern regions. Reductions in FMG house officers now could
      also lead to an increased proportionate presence of physicians in subspecialty
      practices in the largest U.S. cities. These changes might happen despite the
      current perception that there is a "surplus" of physicians.

PMID- 3710804
TI  - [Elucidation studies II in biliary tract diseases: ERCP].

PMID- 3710805
TI  - [Cholecystectomy and common bile duct revision].

PMID- 3710806
TI  - [Indications and methods in complementary biliary drainage in cases of lithiasis
      disease].

PMID- 3710807
TI  - [Postcholecystectomy syndrome].

PMID- 3710808
TI  - [Possibilities of interventional radiology in the treatment of common bile duct
      calculi].

PMID- 3710809
TI  - [Endoscopic treatment of common bile duct calculi].

PMID- 3710810
TI  - [The surgical treatment of common bile duct calculi following cholecystectomy ].

PMID- 3710811
TI  - [Conservative or operative therapy in elbow dislocation].

PMID- 3710812
TI  - [The telescope effect in distal radius fractures].

PMID- 3710813
TI  - [Distal intra-articular radius fractures: indication for the external fixator].

PMID- 3710814
TI  - [The niveau operation in semilunar malacia: late results].

PMID- 3710815
TI  - [Subluxation of the navicular bone of the hand].

PMID- 3710816
TI  - [The external fixator in the treatment of complicated carpal dislocation
      fractures].

PMID- 3710817
TI  - [Electric burns of the upper limbs caused by high-voltage current].

PMID- 3710818
TI  - [Use of biological glue in peripheral nerve repair].

PMID- 3710819
TI  - Two de novo mutations in one beta globin chain: hemoglobin Atlanta-Coventry, beta
      75 Leu----Pro and beta 141 Leu deleted.
AB  - Reverse phase HPLC analysis of a hemolysate from a patient with hemolytic anemia
      revealed the presence of three different beta globins. Reverse phase Peptide
      mapping and amino acid analysis indicated that one was normal beta A (66%), one
      was beta Atlanta (beta 75 Leu----Pro, 23%) and the third, beta Atlanta-Coventry,
      contained two mutations beta 75 Leu----Pro and beta 141 Leu deleted. The parents
      and four siblings of the propositus had only beta A chains, while two of his
      children inherited the beta Atlanta and beta Atlanta-Coventry chains from him,
      and beta A Chains from their mother. His third child was normal, possessing only
      beta A chains.

PMID- 3710820
TI  - A study of the minor peaks in high performance liquid chromatograms of globin
      chains on reversed phase columns.
AB  - The high performance liquid chromatograms of the hemoglobins in a hemolysate show
      minor peaks on reversed phase columns in addition to the expected major peaks of
      the alpha, beta, and gamma chains. One of these had previously been identified as
      the delta chain. The material in the most prominent minor peak which is termed
      "pre-beta" is indistinguishable from the normal beta chain in amino acid
      composition, but the difference has not been identified. An analogous pre-delta
      peak appears when chromatographically isolated Hb A2 is examined, but pre-alpha
      and pre-gamma peaks have not been observed. One minor peak contains a non-heme
      protein(s). Glycosylated hemoglobins do not separate from their non-glycosylated
      counterparts, but acetylated gamma chains appear to do so.

PMID- 3710821
TI  - The estimation of Hb A2 in the presence of Hb C or Hb E by reverse phase high
      performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - Although Hb-C may be separated from Hb A2 by some ion exchange methods, most will
      not separate Hb E and Hb A2. The delta chain can be readily separated from the
      beta C, beta E and beta O-Arab chains by reverse phase HPLC. Hence, reverse phase
      HPLC provides a means of quantitatively determining Hb A2 in the presence of Hb
      C, Hb E, and Hb O-Arab. The procedure, although not highly accurate, does permit
      the detection of increased Hb A2, for example, in beta-thal heterozygotes and,
      therefore, is applicable to other conditions (Hb C, Hb E, Hb O-Arab).

PMID- 3710822
TI  - Cytogenetic studies in non-Hodgkin lymphomas--results from surgical biopsies.

PMID- 3710823
TI  - Influence of serum concentration on chromosome breakage frequency.

PMID- 3710824
TI  - Clustering of breakpoints to specific chromosomal regions in human neoplasia. A
      survey of 5,345 cases.

PMID- 3710825
TI  - Mutation frequency in Salmonella exposed to weak 100-Hz magnetic fields.

PMID- 3710826
TI  - Flow cytometric karyotyping of mammals, using blood lymphocytes: detection and
      analysis of chromosomal abnormalities.

PMID- 3710827
TI  - An electrophoretic comparison between three sympatric species of rodents from
      Jutland, Denmark.

PMID- 3710828
TI  - Ultracryotomy for the study of unfixed membranes.
AB  - Plasma membranes from chromaffin cells of bovine adrenal medullae and from
      chicken macrophages were isolated on a urografin density gradient, frozen and
      sectioned without previous chemical fixation. Their receptor binding sites were
      localized by specific labelling. The sections were then post-fixed in the
      presence of K2Cr2O7 to produce positive staining of the membrane proteins.
      Chromaffin cell membranes formed single vesicles. The nicotinic acetylcholine
      receptor (localized using a monoclonal antibody against its cholinergic binding
      site) was always found in patches on the surface of vesicles, whose profiles
      corresponded to thickened bilayers. Macrophage membrane vesicles were
      agglutinated. The mannose receptor (localized using the ligand, mannosylferritin)
      was randomly distributed within the electron-dense coat of the agglutinated
      vesicles or on electron-dense caps involved in agglutination. The binding sites
      of both receptors were intact, as revealed by their being recognized by a
      monoclonal antibody against their cholinergic binding sites and by the active
      binding of the mannosylated ligand which was inhibited by mannan. The
      distribution of the receptors on the vesicles reflected their distribution on the
      cell surface.

PMID- 3710829
TI  - Selective association of some hamster-egg-synthesized proteins with decondensing
      human sperm chromatin.
AB  - Zona-free hamster eggs were fertilized in vitro with human spermatozoa in a
      culture medium enriched with either 3H-arginine or 3H-tryptophan. Autoradiography
      was used to investigate decondensing sperm heads and all pronuclei for the
      presence of newly synthesized, 3H-labelled proteins. In the case of 3H-arginine
      labelled proteins, an intense accumulation of radioactivity was detected in all
      autoradiograms of chromatin structures. On the other hand, no comparable
      accumulation was seen for 3H-tryptophan-labelled proteins up to the progressed
      pronucleus stage. It is concluded that, as a part of changes of the
      nucleoproteins in decondensing sperm chromatin, there is an accumulation in the
      male (as well as in the female) pronucleus of basic nuclear proteins synthesized
      by the egg during fertilization. Since non-histone, 3H-tryptophan-labelled
      proteins were not incorporated in the same way, these 3H-arginine-labelled
      proteins accumulating in pronuclear chromatin during the earliest phase of
      pronucleus formation are probably histones.

PMID- 3710830
TI  - Insect optic lobe neurons identifiable with monoclonal antibodies to GABA.
AB  - Five monoclonal antibodies against GABA were tested on glutaraldehyde fixed
      sections of optic lobes of three insect species, blowflies, houseflies and worker
      bees. The specificity of these antibodies was analyzed in several tests and
      compared with commercially available anti-GABA antiserum. A very large number of
      GABA-like immunoreactive neurons innervate all the neuropil regions of these
      optic lobes. Immunoreactive processes are found in different layers of the
      neuropils. The immunoreactive neurons are amacrines and columnar or noncolumnar
      neurons connecting the optic lobe neuropils. In addition some large
      immunoreactive neurons connect the optic lobes with centers of the brain. Some
      neuron types could be matched with neurons previously identified with other
      methods. The connections of a few of these neuron types are partly known from
      electron microscopy or electrophysiology and a possible role of GABA in certain
      neural circuits can be discussed.

PMID- 3710832
TI  - Simultaneous electron microscopic detection of colloidal gold labeled ligand and
      adenylate cyclase. Influence of concanavalin-A on adenylate cyclase activity of
      fibroblasts.
AB  - Concanavalin-A-colloidal gold (Con-A-G) complex and adenylate cyclase activity
      were detected simultaneously in electron microscopic preparations of human
      fibroblast cultures, by a combined histochemical technique. The colloidal gold
      particles appeared as round bodies which could be readily differentiated from the
      amorphous product of the adenylate cyclase enzyme reaction. The combined
      technique makes possible the simultaneous visualization of the bound ligand (i.e.
      of its binding site), and of the enzyme activated by the ligand. Treatment of the
      cells with Con-A accounted for a considerable increase in intracellular adenylate
      cyclase activity. The activity increase was disproportionally greater than the
      amount of bound ligand, and it also appeared in localizations showing no
      indication of ligand binding. Treatment of the fibroblasts with Con-A was
      followed by internalization of the ligand and the enzyme inside at least
      seemingly segregated vesicles.

PMID- 3710831
TI  - Immunohistochemical demonstration of FC receptors in rat tissues using immune
      complexes as ligand.
AB  - To demonstrate the presence and localization of Fc receptors, rat liver cryostat
      sections were incubated with heterologous and autologous immune complexes (ICx)
      and immunoglobulin (Ig) aggregates. Binding was demonstrated using the
      immunoperoxidase technique. Autologous and heterologous ICx as well as aggregates
      from human and rat Ig appeared to bind to the sinusoidal wall. ICx bind in
      preference to aggregates. Monomeric Ig and aggregated Ig from swine and rabbit
      did not bind. The results demonstrated that ICx and rat and human Ig aggregates
      were bound via an Fc receptor. This Fc receptor was still intact in livers from
      carbontetra chloride and galactosamine treated rats. The receptor could also be
      demonstrated on spleen macrophages and on kidney interstitial cells. This method
      turned out to be an useful functional histochemical method to localize Fc
      receptors and to demonstrate their affinity and species specificity in tissues.

PMID- 3710833
TI  - Electron-microscopic demonstration of alpha-tubulin immunoreactivity in
      astroglia.
AB  - Vibratome sections of the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum were
      immunostained for alpha-tubulin using the TU-Ol monoclonal antibody. In all three
      regions, electron microscopy of the immunostained preparations revealed--in
      addition to the previously described reaction of pyramidal apical dendritic
      microtubules--consistent staining of the ribosomal apparatus of astrocytes.

PMID- 3710834
TI  - Radiomimetic toxicity of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP).

PMID- 3710835
TI  - Effects of in-utero exposure to cadmium on the brain biogenic amine levels and
      tissue metal distribution in rats.

PMID- 3710836
TI  - Experimental investigation of actual problems in the colorimetric determination
      of chromium with diphenylcarbazide.

PMID- 3710837
TI  - Determination of chromium speciation in fumes prepared by a plasma metal sprayer
      as a model of actual welding fumes.

PMID- 3710838
TI  - n-Hexane and benzene contents in gasoline for industrial purpose.

PMID- 3710839
TI  - [Active movements of the hair cells: a new mechanism in hearing].
AB  - The concept that the outer hair cells of the cochlea possess an active motor
      capacity confers new dimensions on the models of the physiology and patho
      physiology of the inner ear. Results are presented which suggest the existence of
      motor properties due to actin in the outer hair cells of the guinea pig:
      Permeabilized isolated outer hair cells contract in a concentration-dependent
      manner in the presence of ATP and calcium. Movement of the cuticular plate, but
      not of the stereociliary bundle, can also be observed. Contraction is inhibited
      by cytochalasin and by bisphosphate; The movement depends on the free calcium
      concentration. The calcium-binding protein calmodulin can be demonstrated in the
      hair cell. The substance TFP, which inactivates calmodulin, inhibits the
      contractile response of the hair cell; The existence of a novel infracuticular
      actin network can be demonstrated directly by monoclonal antibodies against actin
      and by selective binding of rhodamine-phalloidin to actin filaments; Furthermore,
      the motility of the outer hair cells is not contractile in nature, but is also
      associated with polymerization of actin molecules. Thus the outer hair cells are
      evidently capable of movement. The ATP- and calcium-induced contractions of
      permeabilized isolated outer hair cells suggest a physiological actin dependent
      mechanism. Accordingly, outer hair cells must be peripheral effector cells. The
      hypothetical model includes an influence of OHC motility on the micromechanics of
      the basilar membrane and the stereociliary region of outer hair cells to allow
      adaptation to high sound pressure. Moreover, control of the damping
      characteristics of the basilar membrane appears reasonable.

PMID- 3710840
TI  - [The promontory test and electrocochleography in deafness caused by mumps].
AB  - Contradictory histological findings in patients with deafness following mumps led
      us to conduct electrophysiological investigations. Promontory testing (PT) and
      measurement of cochlear microphonics (CM) enabled us to distinguish between
      neural and sensory deafness. On the basis of a careful history and serological
      tests in 19 cases of unilateral deafness we found that the hearing loss was
      probably caused by mumps. In all patients except one auditory sensations could be
      obtained by electric stimulation of the acoustic nerve whereas no CM were
      detectable even with strong stimuli of 100 dB tonepips. In view of the
      electrophysiological findings, doubt is cast on the neural genesis of deafness
      following mumps as assumed by Lehnhardt (1962).

PMID- 3710841
TI  - [Personality markers as a risk for sudden deafness].
AB  - As a rule, the patient suffering sudden deafness is a personality who weakens
      himself through disappointments or the inability to recover and who strives to
      make excessive demands on himself. He does not recognize the limits of his own
      ability to take stress, and suffers a sudden deafness due to an external event
      (triggering situation). In this case, sudden deafness is to be regarded as a
      "weak point" or "safeguard" to prevent even greater damage. This semblance of a
      solution is an event interrupting a disaster cycle.

PMID- 3710842
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of idiopathic facial paralysis: Bannwarth
      meningopolyradiculitis].
AB  - Lymphocytic meningopolyradiculitis (Bannwarths' syndrome) is a tick-borne
      Borrelia infection of man. About 60 per cent of such patients exhibit a
      peripheral facial paresis whose characteristics are clinically not
      distinguishable from Bell's paresis. Of major importance for the diagnosis,
      besides the radicular pain that nearly always prevails, are particularly further
      motoric deficits, a previous erythema migrans and remembered thick bites. A
      tentative diagnosis can be verified by liquor examination which reveals a
      characteristic pattern of protein distribution and lymphocytic pleocytosis.
      Penicillin in high doses is the therapy of choice.

PMID- 3710843
TI  - [Initial clinical experiences with beta 2-transferrin in oto- and rhinorrhea].
AB  - We developed tests to measure beta 2-transferrin, and then used this method to
      investigate the efficiency of beta 2-transferrin in the diagnosis of
      cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and otorrhea. We also assessed whether the
      immunochemical method satisfied the five requirements, which are important in the
      modern investigation of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): High rate of accuracy;
      Wide area of application; Rapid availability; High sensitivity; No risks to the
      patient. 14 patients known to be suffering from a CSF leakage were investigated
      with special attention to the above five points. Eight patients had a CSF
      otorrhea, five a rhinorrhea, and one patient had a post operative CSF leakage
      from a retroauricular wound. In temporal bone fractures with CSF leakage regular
      insertion of sterilized foam rubber sponges into the ear allows adequate samples
      to be collected. In CSF rhinorrhea with profuse leakage there is no difficulty in
      collecting enough fluid for analysis. If there is too little fluid or if the
      question of localization arises we insert sterile sponges, as for CSF otorrhea,
      into the right and the left of the nose as far as the nasopharynx. They are left
      in place for 6 hours to provide an adequate sample. The analysis of the samples
      of CSF otorrhea showed a protein content of 3-6 g/l whereas the samples of CSF
      rhinorrhea, especially from sponges, showed a content of up to 39 g/l.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3710844
TI  - [Treatment of stenoses of the laryngotracheal junction and the cervical trachea].
AB  - In the past 20 years we have operated on 187 patients for tracheal stenoses.
      Dilatation, tracheopexy with ring support, sleeve resection, and the gutter
      procedure are described. In recent years we have replaced open treatment of the
      tracheal gutter with our closed method. After expanding the posterior wall, the
      anterior tracheal wall is closed with a myocutaneous island flap, rib cartilage
      or a myomucosal flap. The merits of the different methods are discussed.
      Dilatation of the trachea and reconstruction of the anterior tracheal wall over a
      silicone tube in a one stage procedure creates a sturdy trachea, which is better
      able to resist scar contracture and pressure from the soft parts of the neck than
      an open U-shaped gutter. The number of operations and days of treatment per
      patient are materially reduced by the closed method.

PMID- 3710845
TI  - [The palatal tonsils as a part of the lymphatic system. Inflow and outflow of
      newly-formed lymphocytes].
AB  - Many lymphocytes continuously migrate from one lymphoid organ to another. The
      tonsils are also included in the migratory stream of long-lived lymphocytes. We
      investigated the question whether newly formed lymphocytes, for example, those
      produced in the spleen or mesenteric lymph nodes, also migrate to the tonsils and
      to which compartment. The spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes of normal young pigs
      were selectively labelled with the DNA precursor 3H-thymidine and one day later
      smears and sections of the tonsils were autoradiographed. About 1% of all spleen
      derived young lymphocytes and about 0.5% of all emigrated mesenteric lymph node
      lymphocytes were found in palatine tonsils. These were almost exclusively small
      to medium sized lymphocytes. These cells were mainly found in the interfollicular
      area around high endothelial venules. Surprisingly high numbers were also located
      in the reticular epithelium of the crypts, in the corona and even in follicles.
      In a second series of experiment palatine tonsils were selectively labelled by
      multiple minute injections of 3H-thymidine. The follicles showed a very high
      labelling index but labelled lymphocytes were also identified in other
      compartments. One day later tonsil-derived lymphocytes were found in the spleen
      and lymph nodes. There is thus a continuous exchange of newly formed lymphocytes
      between the tonsils and other lymphoid organs.

PMID- 3710846
TI  - [Penetration behavior of mezlocillin in chronic polypous inflamed mucosa of the
      paranasal sinuses].
AB  - Recent investigations have shown that conservative treatment of chronic
      sinusitis, especially with polypi in the nasal cavity and in the paranasal
      sinuses, is not as successful as in acute inflammation. Surgical intervention to
      remove the diseased mucosa is necessary. The newly developed more conservative
      endonasal techniques may nevertheless allow spread of the pathogenic bacteria
      during surgery. Mezlocillin has a broad spectrum against both aerobic and
      anaerobic micro-organisms: its penetration into the hyperplastic mucosa of the
      chronically diseased maxillary sinus was therefore investigated. In 15 patients
      with chronic sinusitis a 5 g bolus injection of mezlocillin was given half an
      hour before the operation. Two more doses of the antibiotic were given 6 and 12 h
      afterwards. The specimens investigated were blood taken before the injection of
      mezlocillin, and blood and tissue taken by the endoscopic endonasal techniques
      innovated by Wigand (1977) between 30 and 120 min after the start of the
      operation. The concentration of mezlocillin was determined by bioassay using
      Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 as indicator organisms. The results were compared
      with the minimal inhibitory concentration of bacteria usually found in chronic
      maxillary sinusitis. The results showed that mezlocillin may be of value in
      chronic paranasal infections in the conservative treatment of complications of
      sinus infections, especially if surgery is contraindicated because the patient is
      a high anaesthetic risk.

PMID- 3710847
TI  - Choroid plexus carcinoma: report of a case with radiographic and ultrastructure
      correlation.

PMID- 3710848
TI  - Postoperative tension pneumocephalus: report of 2 cases and typical computed
      tomographic findings.

PMID- 3710849
TI  - Description of a closed system for the separation and collection of bone-marrow
      derived mononuclear cells via continuous-flow centrifugation.

PMID- 3710851
TI  - Acute appendicitis in pregnancy.

PMID- 3710850
TI  - Toxic megacolon with perforation in fulminant Crohn's disease: report of a case
      and review of the literature.

PMID- 3710852
TI  - Surgically correctable mechanical complications of acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3710853
TI  - Myeloma (plasmacytoma) involving vertebral body T8: report of a case of long-term
      survival.

PMID- 3710854
TI  - Teaching medical interviewing skills: an integrated, structured approach.

PMID- 3710855
TI  - Outdoor first-aid kit.

PMID- 3710856
TI  - Results of re-excisional biopsy of the primary tumor in preparation for
      definitive irradiation of patients with early stage breast cancer.
AB  - From December 1977 through November 1984, 251 patients underwent a re-excisional
      biopsy procedure in preparation for definitive radiation therapy because of
      uncertainty in the extent of the initial biopsy procedure. Analysis of the cases
      was limited to patients with AJC Clinical Stages I or II breast cancer and whose
      initial biopsy procedure demonstrated invasive carcinoma. Sixty-three percent
      (158/251) of the 251 re-excisions were positive for residual tumor, and 37%
      (93/251) did not show any residual tumor. Of the positive re-excisions, 85%
      (134/158) revealed an invasive component of tumor; 15% (24/158) revealed only non
      invasive disease. For patients whose initial biopsy was described as incisional
      only, 97% (64/66) had residual tumor; 51% (94/185) of patients with an initial
      excisional biopsy had residual tumor. Because of the extremely high rate of
      positive re-excision in patients with an initial incisional biopsy, these cases
      were excluded from the remainder of the analysis. When the pathologic margin of
      the initial biopsy specimen was described as positive, 60% (15/25) had residual
      tumor on re-excision and 49% (79/160) when the pathology margin was unknown. Of
      the clinical T1 lesions, 45% (57/126) had positive re-excision, and of the
      clinical T2 lesions, 63% (37/59) were positive. When a post-biopsy mammogram
      (i.e. following initial biopsy procedure but before re-excision) showed residual
      microcalcifications, 86% (12/14) had residual tumor found in the re-excision
      specimen. Based on these findings, indications for re-excisional biopsy of the
      primary tumor are: initial incisional biopsy, positive or unknown pathologic
      margin on an initial excisional biopsy specimen, or residual microcalcifications
      on post-biopsy mammogram. When inked margins were negative on pathological
      examination of an initial excisional biopsy specimen, re-excision of the primary
      tumor bed was not recommended. These results suggest that a re-excisional biopsy
      procedure may be an important component of the overall treatment approach to
      assure removal of all tumor, and should continue to be used when indicated prior
      to definitive irradiation of the breast for early stage breast cancer.

PMID- 3710857
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck treated with radiation therapy: the
      role of neck dissection for clinically positive neck nodes.
AB  - This is an analysis of 161 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and
      neck treated with irradiation to the primary site and neck followed by a neck
      dissection(s) for clinically positive neck nodes. Patients were treated between
      October 1964 and December 1982; there was a minimum 2-year follow-up. Fifty-two
      patients were deleted from analysis of neck disease control because they died of
      intercurrent disease or cancer less than 2 years from treatment with the neck
      continuously disease-free. All patients are included in the analysis of
      complications. Neck disease control rate was the same for radiation plus neck
      dissection or radiation therapy alone for solitary nodes less than 3 cm. As the
      size and number of nodes increased, there was a higher rate of neck disease
      control for combined treatment as compared with irradiation alone. The neck
      disease control rate, size for size, was lower for patients with fixed nodes and
      for those with residual tumor in the pathologic specimen. There was no difference
      in neck disease control as a function of the interval between irradiation and
      neck dissection. For nodes less than or equal to 6 cm, a minimum node dose of
      5000 rad appeared to be sufficient for control, whereas for nodes greater than 6
      cm, at least 6000 rad appeared to be required for optimal control. Fixed nodes
      required a higher dose compared to mobile masses. The incidence of postoperative
      complications was increased with maximum subcutaneous doses of greater than or
      equal to 6000 rad. There was also an increased incidence of postoperative
      complications for patients undergoing simultaneous, as compared with staged,
      bilateral neck dissection.

PMID- 3710858
TI  - Elective neck irradiation for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck:
      analysis of time-dose factors and causes of failure.
AB  - This is an analysis of 190 patients who were treated with radiation therapy alone
      at the University of Florida, between October 1964 and December 1982, for T1-4 N0
      squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck; in all patients, the primary lesion
      was permanently controlled and the neck was evaluable for at least 2 years
      following radiation therapy. The control of neck node disease is analyzed as a
      function of elective neck irradiation, the dose of radiation delivered to the
      first-echelon lymph nodes, and the likelihood that occult disease was present in
      the neck prior to treatment.

PMID- 3710859
TI  - Salivary gland malignant neoplasms: treatment and prognosis.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of 183 patients with malignant salivary gland tumors
      treated between 1955 and 1978 is presented. The analysis showed that radiation
      therapy lowered the recurrence rates after surgery and controlled approximately
      one-third of the inoperable tumors. A dose-response relationship exists and the
      data suggest that the radiation dose should not be less than that corresponding
      to a CRE-value of 1950 reu (70 Gy/7 weeks). Histology, location and clinical
      stage are important prognostic factors.

PMID- 3710860
TI  - Local control of squamous cell carcinoma of the mobile tongue: an experience of
      different modalities.
AB  - From 1966 through 1983, 163 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the mobile
      tongue were treated. Fifty-two patients were staged as T1N0, 77 as T2N0, 14 as
      T2N+, 8 as T3N0, 7 as T3N+, and 5 as T4. The follow-ups were complete. Treatment
      modalities varied considerably during that period, because of increasing
      difficulty to use radioactive sources by regulations. All T3N+ and T4 patients
      died shortly after treatment. Five year absolute survivals for the T1N0, T2N0,
      T2N+, and T3N0 patients were 87%, 60%, 27% and 63%, respectively. Local
      recurrence free survivals at 5 years for the T1N0, T2N0, T2N+, and T3N0 patients
      were 72, 48, 58, and 88%, respectively. Local recurrence free survivals seemed to
      be better with Ra-226 needling +/- external irradiation (EXT) than other
      modalities. Because many patients with local recurrence were salvaged, ultimate
      local-disease-free survivals should also be considered. They were 96 and 70% at 5
      years for the T1N0 patients treated with Ra-226 +/- EXT, and with surgery +/-
      EXT, respectively; the corresponding figures for the T2N0 patients were 83 and
      64%. For these reasons, Ra-226 needling may be preferable to other modalities as
      initial treatment. Although cervical failures did not develop after 2 years of
      treatment, late local recurrences were rather common, even after 5 years. Long
      term follow-up is mandatory for the management of the patients, and analyzing and
      comparing the results.

PMID- 3710861
TI  - Tumor size dependent changes in a murine fibrosarcoma: use of in vivo 31P NMR for
      non-invasive evaluation of tumor metabolic status.
AB  - Tumor tissue contains viable hypoxic regions that are radioresistant and often
      chemoresistant and may therefore be responsible for some treatment failures. A
      subject of general interest has been the development of non-invasive means of
      monitoring tissue oxygen. Pulse Fourier transform 31P NMR spectroscopy can be
      used to estimate intracellular nucleotide triphosphates (NTP), phosphocreatinine
      (PCr), inorganic phosphate (Pi) and pH. We have obtained 31P NMR spectra as an
      indirect estimate of tissue oxygen and metabolic status in a C3H mouse
      fibrosarcoma FSaII. Sequential spectra were studied during tumor growth in a
      cohort of animals and peak area ratios for several metabolites were computed
      digitally by computer. During growth, tumors showed a progressive loss of PCr
      with increasing Pi, and most tumors greater than 250 mm3 in volume had little or
      no measurable PCr. The smallest tumors (38 mm3 average volume) had PCr/Pi ratios
      of 1.03 +/- .24, whereas tumors 250 mm3 or more had an average PCr/Pi ratio of
      0.15 +/- .04. Similarly derived NTP/Pi ratios decreased with tumor size, but this
      change was not significant (p = .17). Radiobiologic hypoxic cell fractions were
      estimated using the radiation dose required to control tumor in 50% of animals
      (TCD50) or by the lung colony technique. Tumors less than 100 mm3 had a hypoxic
      cell fraction of 4% (TCD50) while tumors 250 mm3 had a 40% hypoxic cell fraction
      (lung colony assay). These hypoxic fraction determinations correlated well with
      the depletion of PCr and decline in NTP/Pi ratios seen at 250 mm3 tumor volumes.
      Tumor spectral changes with acute ischemia were studied after ligation of the
      tumor bearing limb and were similar to changes seen with tumor growth. PCr was
      lost within 7 minutes, with concurrent increase in Pi and loss of NTP. Complete
      loss of all high energy phosphates occurred by 40 minutes of occlusion. In vivo
      tumor 31P NMR spectroscopy can be used to estimate tissue metabolic status and
      may be useful in non-invasive prediction of hypoxic cell fraction, reoxygenation,
      and radiation treatment response.

PMID- 3710862
TI  - An investigation of changes in relative biological effectiveness (RBE) with depth
      for X ray beams generated between 100 and 250 kVp using the mouse foot as
      biological test system.
AB  - For the early mouse foot skin reactions an increase in RBE relative to 60Co has
      been found for the irradiations with X ray beams generated between 100 and 250
      kVp at both the surface and depth, respectively. In most cases, the RBE of the
      late skin reactions for irradiations at the surface and at depth are
      significantly lower than those for the early reactions. The clinical implications
      of these results, the effect of a possible hypoxic fraction of cells in the skin,
      and the choice of a "standard" radiation modality for radiobiological experiments
      are discussed.

PMID- 3710863
TI  - Reversible injury after mild hyperthermia.
AB  - Skin contraction and leg contracture resulted from immersion of mice legs in a
      water bath at temperatures of 42.5 degrees to 43.7 degrees C for 45 to 90
      minutes. The maximum contracture was observed between 5 and 15 days after
      treatment, but little damage remained after about 30 days. After healing of the
      early tissue damage, there was no progression of residual damage in skin up to
      490 days after treatment. In contrast, radiation-induced contracture develops
      rapidly after 14 days, and may continue to progress for 100 days or more. In the
      present studies, leg contracture could be attributed primarily to injury in the
      skin, because skinning the legs before measuring eliminated most of the
      contracture. Temperature differences between subcutaneous tissue and deep muscle
      were not consistently observed or statistically significant, and probably made
      little or no contribution to the difference in thermal response of these tissues.

PMID- 3710864
TI  - Adriamycin resistance, heat resistance and radiation response in Chinese hamster
      fibroblasts.
AB  - We have investigated the effect of heat, radiation or Adriamycin (ADR) on Chinese
      hamster fibroblasts (HA-1), their heat resistant variants, and their ADR
      resistant variants. Heat or ADR resistance did not confer cross resistance to
      radiation. Cells resistant to heat did show cross resistance to ADR. Cells
      selected for ADR resistance were not cross resistant to heat and they did not
      exhibit drug potentiation by hyperthermia, characteristic of ADR sensitive cells.
      Cytofluorometric measurement showed decreased ADR uptake in both heat and ADR
      resistant cells. The possibility of cross resistance between heat and ADR should
      be considered when designing treatment protocols involving combined modality
      trials.

PMID- 3710865
TI  - Scatter dose summation for irregular fields: speed and accuracy study.
AB  - Using program IRREG as a standard, we have compared speed and accuracy of several
      algorithms that calculate the scatter dose in an irregular field. All the
      algorithms, in some manner, decompose the irregular field into component
      triangles and obtain the scatter dose as the sum of the contributions from those
      triangles. Two of the algorithms replace each such component triangle with a
      sector of a certain "effective radius": in one case the average radius of the
      triangle, in the other the radius of the sector having the same area as the
      component triangle. A third algorithm decomposes each triangle further into two
      right triangles and utilizes the precalculated "equivalent radius" of each, to
      find the scatter contribution. For points near the center of a square field, all
      the methods compare favorably in accuracy to program IRREG, with less than a 1%
      error in total dose and with approximately a factor of 3-5 savings in computation
      time. Even for extreme rectangular fields (2 cm X 30 cm), the methods using the
      average radius and the equivalent right triangles agree to within 2% in total
      dose and approximately a factor of 3-4 savings in computation time.

PMID- 3710867
TI  - Mixed viewpoints on supply of and demand for veterinarians.

PMID- 3710866
TI  - Is NSD-TDF useful to radiotherapy?

PMID- 3710868
TI  - Use of animals for teaching and research.

PMID- 3710869
TI  - Overview of the National Board Examination for veterinary medicine.

PMID- 3710870
TI  - Future of veterinary medicine from the perspective of academic veterinary
      medicine.

PMID- 3710871
TI  - Evaluation of pleural fluid in the diagnosis of thoracic disease in the horse.

PMID- 3710872
TI  - Lethal acrodermatitis in bull terriers.
AB  - A lethal syndrome characterized clinically by growth retardation, progressive
      acrodermatitis, chronic pyoderma and paronychia, diarrhea, pneumonia, and
      abnormal behavior was observed in 17 related Bull Terrier pups. Median survival
      time was 7 months. Laboratory evaluation revealed non-degenerative neutrophilia,
      consistently low activities of serum alkaline phosphatase and alanine
      transaminase, and frequently, hypercholesterolemia. Lymphocyte blastogenic
      responses were decreased and there was dysgammaglobulinemia in pups in which
      quantitative studies of immunoglobulins were made. The mean of plasma zinc
      concentrations in 5 affected pups was significantly lower than the mean of age-
      and breed-matched controls. Pathologic findings included parakeratosis,
      hyperkeratosis, and superficial bacterial infections of the skin. There was
      severe reduction of lymphocytes in T-lymphocyte areas of lymphoid tissue.
      Bronchopneumonia and dilatation of the cerebral ventricles were found in most
      affected pups. Family studies indicated that the syndrome is inherited as an
      autosomal recessive trait. In spite of its similarities to lethal trait A46 in
      Black Pied Danish cattle and acrodermatitis enteropathica in man, oral or
      parenteral treatment with zinc failed to ameliorate the clinical signs of the
      syndrome.

PMID- 3710873
TI  - Gastroenterostomy for treatment of gastroduodenal ulcer disease in 14 foals.
AB  - Gastroenterostomy was performed in 14 foals to treat gastric outflow obstruction
      caused by advanced gastroduodenal ulcer disease. The onset of excessive
      salivation and teeth grinding, without response to medical treatment, combined
      with endoscopic and radiographic evidence of gastric outflow obstruction, were
      indications for surgical intervention. Successful outcome in 5 foals was
      attributed to early diagnosis, patient stabilization, early surgical correction,
      and postoperative management including antibiotics and antiulcer medication.

PMID- 3710874
TI  - Computed tomographic characteristics of primary brain tumors in 50 dogs.
AB  - Fifty histologically identified primary brain tumors in the dog were analyzed by
      computed tomography to establish criteria for identifying tumor types by computed
      tomography characteristics. Meningiomas could be distinguished from tumors within
      the brain parenchyma because they usually were broad-based, peripherally located
      masses that were enhanced homogeneously with contrast material. Among parenchymal
      tumors, astrocytomas were not distinguished easily from oligodendrogliomas
      because both tumors had similar features of ring-like and nonuniform enhancement,
      and poorly defined tumor margins. Choroid plexus tumors were seen as well
      defined, hyperdense masses that had marked, uniform contrast enhancement.
      Pituitary tumors were distinguished readily by their location, minimal
      peritumoral edema, uniform contrast enhancement, and well-defined margins.
      Distinguishing features of other less frequently seen tumors (ependymoma,
      primitive neuroectodermal tumor, glioma, and neoplastic reticulosis) were not
      identified.

PMID- 3710875
TI  - Nasal obstruction caused by cystic nasal conchae in cattle.
AB  - Four Holstein heifers were found to have partial nasal obstruction caused by
      bilateral cystic conchae. Three of the heifers (age range, 4 to 6 months) had a
      history of progressive nasal obstruction since near birth, were affected
      severely, and required surgical management. Each of 2 surgical procedures, a
      bilateral dorsolateral nasal flap approach and a dorsal nasal flap approach, was
      used successfully. The fourth heifer, which was 15 months old, had signs of nasal
      obstruction since shortly after birth, but was affected only mildly and was not
      treated. Follow-up information obtained 10 to 37 months later revealed that all
      cattle were considered normal and had no signs of nasal obstruction. In each
      case, a developmental problem or malformation of the ventral nasal concha
      resulting in cystic enlargement was suspected. The onset of clinical signs early
      in life and the bilateral nature suggested that the defect was of congenital
      origin.

PMID- 3710876
TI  - Dirofilariasis in a ferret.
AB  - An adult male ferret was found to be lethargic and dyspneic. Necropsy revealed 21
      worms in the heart, vena cava, and pulmonary artery. The worms were identified as
      Dirofilaria immitis. Histologic examination of lung tissue revealed numerous
      microfilariae.

PMID- 3710877
TI  - Cervical spinal luxation in two dogs with entrapment of the cranial articular
      process of C6 over the caudal articular process of C5.
AB  - In 2 Poodles, the cranial articular process of C6 was luxated and interlocked
      dorsal to the caudal articular process of C5. Surgical management in each case
      included reduction and stabilization of the articular processes, along with
      limited dorsal laminectomy. One of the dogs was completely normal 4 weeks after
      surgery, but the other had residual neurologic deficits 11 months after injury.

PMID- 3710879
TI  - Nasal rhinosporidiosis in two dogs.
AB  - Nasal rhinosporidiosis was diagnosed in 2 dogs. Cytologic criteria for diagnosis
      were the presence of 5- to 10-microns endospores and 50- to 1,000-microns
      sporangia. These findings made it easy to differentiate rhinosporidiosis from the
      more common nasal mycoses such as cryptococcosis. Treatment is principally
      surgical, but medical management can be performed if the lesion is inoperable or
      recurs despite multiple surgeries. Dapsone is one drug that has been used in such
      patients.

PMID- 3710878
TI  - Transmission of bovine brucellosis from dam to offspring.
AB  - Transmission of bovine brucellosis from dam to offspring under natural
      circumstances was demonstrated in a 2 1/2-year study of an infected cow and her
      calf. The cow delivered a full-term heifer calf after her first gestation. The
      calf remained with its dam until 7 months of age, then was placed in isolation
      until bred. During her first gestation, the second-generation heifer became
      seropositive for Brucella abortus. She later gave birth to a calf with B abortus
      infection, as determined by isolation of B abortus biotype 1 from stomach
      contents, heart blood, lung, and spleen of the calf. The same organism was
      isolated from the placenta and milk of the dam.

PMID- 3710880
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus in an Amazon parrot.
AB  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the distal portion of the esophagus was diagnosed,
      through use of contrast radiography and necropsy, in a 30-year-old Amazon parrot.
      The clinical signs were collapse, opisthotonos, and torticollis following
      feeding.

PMID- 3710881
TI  - Ureteral fibropapilloma in a dog.
AB  - A fibropapilloma was found to involve the left ureter in a 7-year-old castrated
      male Doberman Pinscher dog. Severe unilateral hydronephrosis and hydroureter were
      associated with the ureteral mass. Treatment consisted of unilateral nephrectomy
      and ureterectomy. This case represents an additional type of primary ureteral
      neoplasm found in the dog.

PMID- 3710882
TI  - Bronchoesophageal fistula and transient megaesophagus in a dog.
AB  - Bronchoesophageal fistula and megaesophagus were diagnosed in a dog. Within 2
      days after surgical correction of the bronchoesophageal fistula, peristalsis in
      the thoracic portion of the esophagus returned to normal and the esophagus
      resumed its normal size. The cause of the fistula was attributed to damage from a
      foreign body. The cause of the transient megaesophagus likely was related to the
      bronchoesophageal fistula.

PMID- 3710883
TI  - Immunoglobulin A myeloma in a cat with pleural effusion and serum hyperviscosity.
AB  - Immunoglobulin A myeloma, serum hyperviscosity, and septic pleuritis were
      diagnosed in a cat with pleural and peritoneal effusions. Serum hyperviscosity
      was determined by use of a WBC pipette, and clinical manifestations included
      retinopathy and cardiac changes. The presence of Salmonella typhimurium in the
      pleural fluid may have resulted from increased susceptibility to infection.
      Postmortem examination revealed plasma cell infiltration of the pleura,
      mesenteric lymph nodes, and the serosa of the intestine, liver, and spleen. This
      case represents an unusual form of myeloma in the cat.

PMID- 3710884
TI  - Review of the pathophysiology of alterations in potassium homeostasis.
AB  - The 2 interrelated systems of external and internal balance that regulate
      potassium homeostasis must function properly if normal plasma potassium
      concentration and total body potassium content is to be maintained. Should
      external balance fail, with renal or gastrointestinal wasting of potassium,
      hypokalemia with depletion of total body potassium may result. In the absence of
      this type of potassium wasting, hypokalemia most often is caused by
      redistribution, with potassium moving from the extracellular-fluid into cells and
      total body potassium content remaining unaltered. Likewise, factors regulating
      internal balance may redistribute potassium from cells into the extracellular
      fluid and cause hyperkalemia, but with normal total body potassium content.
      Should the kidneys or urinary system fail to excrete potassium, hyperkalemia with
      an increase in total body potassium content would result.

PMID- 3710885
TI  - Effects of risk factors and prophylactic treatment on primary glaucoma in the
      dog.
AB  - Seventy dogs from 26 breeds were admitted with primary glaucoma between January
      1979 and December 1983. Compared with mixed-breed dogs, 8 breeds were at higher
      risk (P less than 0.01) of developing glaucoma: Basset Hound, Beagle, Boston
      Terrier, Cocker Spaniel, Dalmatian, Miniature Poodle, Norwegian Elkhound, and
      Siberian Husky. Dogs between the ages of 5 and 10 years were at increased risk (P
      less than 0.001). There was no predisposition for either eye to be affected first
      (P greater than 0.55). Females were at twice the risk of males (P less than
      0.01). Fourteen dogs had bilateral glaucoma. Among 46 dogs for which the number
      of months that the second eye remained normal was available, 24 were treated
      prophylactically and 22 were not treated or had treatment stopped. Prophylactic
      treatment significantly extended the interval between diagnosis in the first eye
      and development of glaucoma in the second eye for dogs in predisposed breeds (P
      less than 0.01). Prophylactic treatment did not make a difference when all breeds
      were considered (P greater than 0.19), nor did gender affect this interval (P
      greater than 0.37).

PMID- 3710886
TI  - Distribution of Toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts in commercial cuts of pork.
AB  - Distribution of Toxoplasma gondii cysts in tissues used for human consumption was
      studied in 4 naturally infected pigs (acquired infections) and in 2
      experimentally infected pigs. On the day of euthanasia, pigs with acquired
      toxoplasmosis had serum antibody titers of 160 to 1,280 against T gondii
      (modified agglutination test). Experimentally infected pigs were inoculated with
      10,000 oocysts of the GT-1 strain of T gondii and were euthanatized 267 or 357
      days after inoculation. On the day of euthanasia, the experimentally infected
      pigs had serum antibody titers of 16 and 32 against T gondii. Fifty- to 100-g
      specimens from each of 6 cuts of meat commercially used to prepare Boston butt,
      arm picnic, ham, tenderloin, spareribs, and bacon and from the tongue, heart,
      brain, liver, kidneys, and diaphragm were collected from each pig and were
      digested in acid pepsin solution. Washed sediment from the digest of each
      specimen was inoculated SC into mice (6 mice/organ). Toxoplasma gondii was
      isolated from tissues of the 4 pigs with acquired toxoplasmosis; T gondii was
      isolated from the arm picnic, Boston butt, and tongue of 3 pigs, from the ham,
      tenderloin, spareribs, diaphragm and heart of 2 pigs, and from the bacon and
      brain of 1 pig. Toxoplasma gondii was not isolated from the kidneys of the 4 pigs
      with acquired toxoplasmosis. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from the arm picnic,
      Boston butt, ham, spareribs, bacon, tongue, diaphragm, heart, and brain of the 2
      experimentally infected pigs, and from the kidneys of one of the experimentally
      infected pigs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3710887
TI  - Serum thyroxine concentrations after radioactive iodine therapy in cats with
      hyperthyroidism.
AB  - Thirty-one cats with hyperthyroidism were given one dose of radioactive iodine
      (131I) IV. Serum thyroxine (T4) concentrations were measured before treatment in
      all cats, at 12-hour intervals after treatment in 10 cats, and at 48-hour
      intervals after treatment in 21 cats. Serum T4 concentrations also were measured
      one month after 131I therapy in 29 cats. Activity of 131I administered was 1.5 to
      6.13 mCi, resulting in a dose of 20,000 rads to the thyroid. Serum T4
      concentrations before 131I administration were 5.3 to 51.0 micrograms/dl, with a
      median T4 concentration of 11.0 micrograms/dl. Serum T4 decreased most rapidly
      during the first 3 to 6 days after treatment. Sixteen cats (55%) had normal serum
      thyroxine concentrations by day 4 after 131I administration, and 23 cats (74%)
      were euthyroxinemic by day 8 after treatment. One month after administration of
      131I, the 29 cats evaluated were clinically improved, and 24 (83%) of the 29 cats
      evaluated had normal serum T4 concentrations, 3 cats (10%) remained
      hyperthyroxinemic, and 2 cats (7%) were hypothyroxinemic. Therefore,
      administration of 131I was a safe and effective method to quickly decrease serum
      T4 concentrations in hyperthyroid cats.

PMID- 3710888
TI  - Malignant histiocytosis in Bernese Mountain dogs.
AB  - Malignant histiocytosis was diagnosed in 10 male and 1 female Bernese Mountain
      Dogs. Nine of these dogs were closely related. The disease was characterized by a
      rapidly progressive and inevitably fatal course. Clinical signs varied, but
      lethargy, anorexia, weight loss, and respiratory and CNS abnormalities
      predominated. The lungs were the primary site of tumor involvement in 10 dogs.
      The eleventh dog had lymphadenopathy and severe anemia. Metastatic lesions were
      detected in all dogs. Anaplastic pulmonary carcinoma was diagnosed originally in
      6 of the 11 cases, but this diagnosis was changed to malignant histiocytosis
      after electron microscopic examination of tissues and immunohistochemical
      identification of histiocytic markers in the tumor cells.

PMID- 3710889
TI  - Use of x-ray-computed tomography as an aid in localization of adrenal masses in
      the dog.
AB  - Four dogs with clinical evidence of hyperadrenocorticism were evaluated by use of
      x-ray-computed tomography (CT). Adrenal masses were identified accurately and
      localized. Unilateral adrenal masses were diagnosed accurately in dogs 1, 2, and
      3 and were removed surgically via a paracostal retroperitoneal approach to the
      adrenal gland. Using CT and IV contrast medium, the adrenal mass in dog 3 also
      was accurately diagnosed as being highly vascular. The histopathologic diagnosis
      was adrenal adenoma in dogs 1, 2, and 3. In dog 4, the CT-roentgen diagnosis was
      asymmetric bilateral adrenal enlargement. Necropsy examination of dog 4 indicated
      moderate enlargement of the left adrenal gland and severe enlargement of the
      right adrenal gland. Results of microscopic examination indicated chronic
      inflammation of the left adrenal gland and adenocarcinoma of the right adrenal
      gland. Use of CT facilitated localization of adrenal masses and fulfilled the
      needs of a localizing technique. A unilateral mass can be removed surgically via
      a limited exposure, retroperitoneal incision on the affected side of the animal
      instead of removal via abdominal laparotomy, which is more invasive. Advantages
      of CT can reduce the needs of other imaging modalities for the localization of
      adrenal masses.

PMID- 3710890
TI  - Type II renal tubular acidosis in a mare.
AB  - Persistent, severe metabolic acidosis complicated the operative and postoperative
      period in a 4-year-old mare with colic. On the basis of clinical and laboratory
      findings, a renal tubular disorder was diagnosed. Renal tubular acidosis is rare
      in horses. In the only report found on the subject, type I renal tubular acidosis
      was described in 2 horses. Bicarbonate titration studies in our case helped
      document type II renal tubular acidosis in this mare.

PMID- 3710891
TI  - Hepatic malignant mesenchymoma in a dog.
AB  - Hepatic malignant mesenchymoma was diagnosed in a dog with a history of gradual
      abdominal distension of 2 months' duration. The tumor was polycystic and attached
      to the caudal border of the left lateral liver lobe. The dog was euthanatized 16
      weeks after surgical excision. Necropsy revealed tumor metastasis throughout the
      liver.

PMID- 3710892
TI  - Congenital alopecia in a Bichon Frise.
AB  - A Bichon Frise pup had congenital alopecia. Histologic evaluation revealed the
      absence of hair follicles, arector pili muscles, sebaceous glands, and sweat
      glands. Unlike previously described cases of congenital ectodermal defect, this
      alopecia was not associated with any color pattern; the pup was white until it
      was 4 months old, at which time normal black and brown pigmentation developed
      independently of the alopecic pattern.

PMID- 3710893
TI  - Trombiculiasis in a cat.
AB  - The diagnosis of trombiculiasis in a cat was based on the presence of an orange,
      crusting dermatosis, and identification of 6-legged larvae in skin scrapings. The
      prevalence of the disease may be higher than suggested by the number of reports
      in the literature, and due to the lack of pruritus, often may be overlooked.

PMID- 3710894
TI  - Aorticopulmonary window in a dog.
AB  - An aorticopulmonary window was diagnosed in an 18-month-old dog that had
      progressive exercise intolerance, hyperpnea, and cyanosis since birth. The dog
      was euthanatized and necropsied. Microscopic lesions in the lungs were compatible
      with chronic pulmonary hypertension.

PMID- 3710895
TI  - Porcine abortion caused by Bacillus sp.
AB  - Bacillus sp is known to cause abortion in cattle and sheep, but it is rarely
      reported to cause abortion in swine. Bacillus sp was isolated from aborted
      fetuses, and lesions compatible with a bacterial infection were detected in 4 of
      962 aborted porcine fetuses examined. The infection apparently results in
      sporadic abortions and is not likely to cause economically significant
      reproductive failures within a herd.

PMID- 3710896
TI  - Spherocytosis associated with anaplasmosis in two cows.
AB  - Spherocytes were detected on blood smears of 2 Angus cows. The RBC from both cows
      had increased fragility in hypotonic saline solution, supporting the presence of
      spherocytes. Other laboratory tests revealed a macrocytic, regenerative anemia
      with anisocytosis, polychromasia, basophilic stippling, Howell-Jolly bodies,
      nucleated RBC, and Anaplasma marginale organisms. A complement-fixation test was
      positive for anaplasmosis in cow 1 and a direct Coombs' test was positive for
      immunoglobulin G in both cows.

PMID- 3710897
TI  - Whipworm (Trichuris discolor) infection in dairy replacement heifers.
AB  - Trichuriasis caused by Trichuris discolor was diagnosed in a 19-month-old
      Holstein heifer examined because of emaciation, diarrhea, recumbency, and oral
      ulceration. The heifer's problem was representative of a herd problem involving
      pastured replacement heifers. Euthanasia was elected due to the heifer's moribund
      state and poor prognosis. Gross necropsy revealed subcutaneous edema and diffuse
      edema of the colon, with hundreds of adult Trichuris discolor in the cecum and
      colon. Histologic examination revealed multifocal subacute necrotizing colitis,
      with many adult Trichuris discolor embedded in the mucosa. Treatment instituted
      on the farm consisted of levamisole hydrochloride at a dosage of 6 mg/kg of body
      weight. Favorable response was documented by clinical improvement and elimination
      of fecal shedding of trichurid eggs.

PMID- 3710899
TI  - Wants more information on method of treatment for canine hip dysplasia.

PMID- 3710898
TI  - Sudden death in racehorses.

PMID- 3710900
TI  - Questions physicians' qualifications regarding treatment of their dog.

PMID- 3710901
TI  - Comments on the "enemy" within.

PMID- 3710902
TI  - Interpretation on canine hip dysplasia.

PMID- 3710903
TI  - Assuring humane treatment of animals used in research.

PMID- 3710905
TI  - Abandonment.

PMID- 3710904
TI  - Lead-based paints.

PMID- 3710906
TI  - The volcano and the iceberg: the analysis of an eleven-year-old boy.

PMID- 3710907
TI  - Free association and Jungian analytic technique.

PMID- 3710908
TI  - Jung's forgotten bridge.

PMID- 3710909
TI  - Novel antibiotics napyradiomycins. Production, isolation, physico-chemical
      properties and biological activity.
AB  - Novel antibacterial antibiotics napyradiomycins A, B1, B2, B3, C1 and C2 have
      been isolated from the culture broth of Chainia rubra MG802-AF1. In this paper,
      taxonomy of the producer, and production, isolation, physico-chemical properties
      and biological activities of napyradiomycins are reported. They contain the
      naphtopyran chromophore and halogens, and inhibit the growth of Gram-positive
      bacteria including drug-resistant strains.

PMID- 3710910
TI  - Structures of new antibiotics napyradiomycins.
AB  - Structures of novel antibiotics, napyradiomycins A, B1, B2, B3, C1 and C2 were
      determined. By X-ray crystallography, napyradiomycin B2 was determined to be
      (3R,10aR)-3-chloro-10a-[[(1R,3S)-3-chloro-2, 2-dimethyl-6
      methylenecyclohexyl]methyl]-3,10a-dihydro-6,8-dihydro xy-2, 2-dimethyl-2H
      naphtho[2,3-b]pyran-5,10-dione. The structures of other napyradiomycins were
      elucidated by NMR studies. Napyradiomycins C1 and C2 have unique structures which
      contain 14-membered ring cyclized by carbon-carbon bond.

PMID- 3710911
TI  - A novel macrolide antibiotic, notonesomycin A.
AB  - Fermentation of Streptomyces aminophilus subsp. notonesogenes 647-AV1 produced a
      mixture of antifungal antibiotics. Notonesomycin A, the main component has been
      characterized as a new macrolide antibiotic containing a sulfate group, a
      malonate moiety, two deoxysugars and a 1,3,4-trisubstituted benzene system in the
      molecule. It was active against some fungi and Gram-positive bacteria in vitro
      and effective against the sheath blight disease of rice plant in a green house
      test.

PMID- 3710912
TI  - Clavamycins, new clavam antibiotics from two variants of Streptomyces
      hygroscopicus. I. Taxonomy of the producing organisms, fermentation, and
      biological activities.
AB  - In a selective screening for antifungal metabolites, six new clavam antibiotics,
      clavamycins A, B, C, D, E and F, have been detected from two variants of
      Streptomyces hygroscopicus NRRL 15846 and NRRL 15879.

PMID- 3710913
TI  - Clavamycins, new clavam antibiotics from two variants of Streptomyces
      hygroscopicus. II. Isolation and structures of clavamycins A, B and C from
      Streptomyces hygroscopicus NRRL 15846, and of clavamycins D, E and F from
      Streptomyces hygroscopicus NRRL 15879.
AB  - Clavamycins A, B, C, D, E and F represent new members of the clavam antibiotics
      group. Their purification was achieved by a variety of preparative
      chromatographic methods, essentially on reversed phase carrier. The structures
      were deduced from spectroscopic properties, especially from extensive NMR
      studies.

PMID- 3710914
TI  - The penems, a new class of beta-lactam antibiotics. 7. Synthesis and
      antimicrobial activity of 2-heterocyclylmercaptoalkyl derivatives.
AB  - 2-Heterocyclylmercaptoalkyl penems were synthesized and their in vitro potency
      was established. The compounds exhibit moderate to strong antibacterial activity
      against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Their antimicrobial
      activity is related to the nature of the heterocycle, the length of the
      hydrocarbon spacer between the 2-position of the penem nucleus and the mercapto
      group, and the substitution pattern of the C-6 position of the penem skeleton.

PMID- 3710915
TI  - Antitumor effect of forphenicinol, a low molecular weight immunomodifier, in
      combination with surgery on Meth A fibrosarcoma, Lewis lung carcinoma, and
      adenocarcinoma 755.
AB  - Forphenicinol, S-2-(3-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethylphenyl)glycine, prolonged the
      survival period of mice implanted with Meth A fibrosarcoma or Lewis lung
      carcinoma. The effect was observed in the mice when the primary tumor was removed
      by amputation. At autopsy, metastasized tumors were found in all dead mice but no
      tumor foci were detected in any of the mice still alive at the time of sacrifice.
      Moreover, forphenicinol suppressed the growth of subcutaneously implanted
      adenocarcinoma 755. When combined with surgical resection of primary tumors,
      forphenicinol administration both before and after resection suppressed the
      growth of recurrent tumors and prolonged the survival period of the mice.

PMID- 3710916
TI  - Selective action of mycobacillin on the cellular permeability of Aspergillus
      niger.
AB  - Cells of Aspergillus niger normally release not all but of some specific cell
      constituents viz., lysine, proline, ATP, Pi, Na+, K+ and Ca2+ in the absence of
      mycobacillin. Mycobacillin enhances the release of these materials without
      causing lysis. The time and concentration of mycobacillin for optimum release
      depends on the nature of the materials involved.

PMID- 3710917
TI  - Nitrogen repression of gilvocarcin V production in Streptomyces arenae 2064.
AB  - Analysis of gilvocarcin V production by Streptomyces arenae in complex and
      chemically defined media revealed strong nitrogen repression of antibiotic
      biosynthesis. Nitrogen regulation was first suggested by the observation of a 10
      fold increase in gilvocarcin V production when the ammonium ion trapping agent
      Mg3(PO4)2.8H2O was added to complex medium. In a chemically defined medium, cell
      mass increased as the initial ammonium sulfate concentrations approached 7.5 mM;
      however, antibiotic production was strongly repressed at ammonium sulfate
      concentrations exceeding 1.5 mM. Repression of gilvocarcin V production at 7.5 mM
      ammonium sulfate was maximally reversed by adding Mg3(PO4)2.8H2O to the medium at
      25 mM; specific antibiotic production attained a level 2.5-fold higher than at
      the nonrepressive ammonium salt concentration of 1.5 mM. Evaluation of the
      effects of soluble inorganic phosphate concentrations upon gilvocarcin V titers
      suggested that the relatively insoluble Mg3(PO4)2.8H2O must in fact serve as an
      ammonium ion-trapping agent, as previously reported in other fermentation
      systems, not as a supplementary source of phosphate for growth and antibiotic
      production. These studies also revealed a minor repression of antibiotic
      synthesis at elevated levels of soluble phosphate. Comparisons of several amino
      acids as nitrogen sources in a Mg3(PO4)2.8H2O-containing medium indicated that L
      aspartic acid and glycine promoted the highest yields of gilvocarcin V.
      Metabolism of these two amino acids into precursors of the polyketide pathway for
      gilvocarcin V biosynthesis is postulated.

PMID- 3710918
TI  - A new enteromycin group antibiotic, YN-0165J-A produced by Streptomyces sp.

PMID- 3710919
TI  - Acivicin (AT 125, U 42126): isolation and structure of an alkali-induced
      contaminant.

PMID- 3710920
TI  - A specific inhibitor for tyrosine protein kinase from Pseudomonas.

PMID- 3710921
TI  - Self-resistance in actinomycetes producing inhibitors of RNA polymerase.

PMID- 3710923
TI  - Changes in the concentration of hypothalamic and hypophyseal receptors for
      estradiol in pregnant and postpartum ewes.
AB  - The sensitivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis to estradiol was evaluated by
      monitoring changes in the concentration of receptors for estradiol during
      gestation and the postpartum period of the ewe. Ewes that had been bred during
      anestrus so that lambing would occur during the breeding season were killed on d
      50 and 140 of gestation or on d 2, 13, 22 and 35 postpartum. Total cytosolic
      receptors for estradiol were quantified in the anterior and posterior
      hypothalamus, median eminence, anterior pituitary and cerebral cortex.
      Concentration and total number of receptors for estradiol in the anterior and
      posterior hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland during gestation through d 13
      postpartum were similar but increased (P less than .05) by d 22 and 35
      postpartum. Changes in the concentration of receptors for estradiol were tissue
      specific because stage of reproduction did not influence the number of receptors
      for estradiol in the median eminence or cerebral cortex. Increases in the
      concentration of receptors for estradiol in hypothalamic and pituitary tissues on
      d 22 postpartum immediately preceded the onset of normal ovarian cyclicity in
      ewes. From these data we conclude that resumption of reproductive cycles in
      postpartum ewes occurs about the time concentrations of receptors for estradiol
      in the anterior pituitary gland and hypothalamus increase.

PMID- 3710922
TI  - Structure of new antibiotics, pereniporins A and B, from a basidiomycete.

PMID- 3710924
TI  - Estimation of repeatability of blood constituents in gestating beef cattle on
      protein- and energy-restricted diets.
AB  - Repeatabilities of blood constituents were calculated for 104 Angus heifers on
      two separate experiments fed adequate, protein-deficient, energy-deficient, or
      both protein- and energy-deficient diets. Four statistical methodologies were
      compared including analysis of variance, principal component (structural)
      analysis based on the sample covariance and sample correlation matrix, and
      maximum likelihood. Of 12 blood constituents tested only seven were considered
      sufficiently important to be included in the analysis. These blood constituents
      included blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Creat), alkaline phosphatase (Alk
      Phos), total protein (T Prot), total bilirubin (T Bil), cholesterol (Chol) and
      Iron (Fe). If the standard linear model assumptions were met for heifers on the
      adequate diet, the estimators appeared to be quite similar for both years except
      when the correlation coefficient was relatively small. If the assumption of
      homogeneity of the variance-covariance matrix (compound symmetry) was relaxed,
      the structural analysis method based on the sample correlation matrix appeared
      preferable. However, when combining all diets, the maximum likelihood methodology
      was preferred. Among the specific blood constituents, Alk Phos had the highest
      repeatability, not only for the heifers on the adequate diet, but also for
      heifers on other treatments in both years. Repeatabilities for T Prot appeared to
      be the most consistent over all rations in both years. Repeatability estimates
      for Fe were high and relative rankings were consistent for both years, while
      repeatabilities for the other variables were either low and(or) inconsistent.

PMID- 3710925
TI  - Enhanced degradation of 3-nitropropanol by ruminal microorganisms.
AB  - Ruminal fluid was obtained over a 4-yr period from cattle on various diets and
      supplements to determine the effects of different inocula on the microbial
      degradation of 3-nitropropanol (NPOH), a toxic metabolite in certain Astragalus
      spp. (Leguminosae). Nitrite (NO2-) metabolism was also studied in vitro because
      rapid NO2- reduction is required for the overall detoxification of NPOH. Intra
      ruminal supplements of sulfite were ineffective and produced toxic signs in
      treated animals. Ruminal fluid from cattle on fresh pasture diets enhanced the in
      vitro metabolism of NO2-, but rates of NPOH disappearance were not significantly
      affected. Rates of NPOH degradation increased when orchardgrass pasturage was
      supplemented with molasses. Enhancement of NPOH degradation was achieved with
      supplements of nitroethane given intra-ruminally at 6.5 or 10 mg/kg body weight.
      The effect of nitroethane on NO2- reduction was not always observed, but the NO2-
      rates of metabolism always exceeded those of NPOH. The rate of NPOH degradation
      also increased when nitroethane was added to a molasses supplement. However, the
      volatility of nitroethane under field conditions prompted a search for a more
      stable inducer and the sodium salt of nitroethane was subsequently evaluated. The
      salt of nitroethane, given intra-ruminally at 20 mg nitroethane/kg body weight,
      resulted in the highest rate of NPOH degradation; this was similar to that
      reported for 3-nitropropionic acid, a nitroalkane that is much less toxic to
      ruminants than NPOH.

PMID- 3710926
TI  - Effects of forage particle size, level of feed intake and supplemental protein
      degradability on microbial protein synthesis and site of nutrient digestion in
      steers.
AB  - A 2(3) factorial arrangement of treatments was used to study main effects and
      interactions between particle size of prairie hay (chopped vs ground), two levels
      of feed intake (60 and 90% of ad libitum) and ruminal degradability of protein
      sources [dry corn gluten feed (DCGF) vs dry distillers grains (DDG)] on ruminal
      and total tract digestion in eight ruminal- and duodenal-cannulated steers.
      Steers were fed every 2 h to approach steady-state feeding conditions. Steers fed
      ground hay diets digested higher (P less than .05) percentages of total
      digestible organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in the rumen and
      had lower (P less than .05) nonammonia-nonbacterial N (NANBN) flows to the
      duodenum than did those fed chopped hay, probably because greater surface area of
      ground hay allowed more extensive ruminal fermentation. Protein source X intake
      interactions were noted for ruminal OM and NDF digestion when expressed as
      percentages of total digestion. At low intakes, steers fed DCGF had higher (P
      less than .05) percentages of total digestible OM and NDF disappearing in the
      rumen than did those fed DDG. Steers fed DCGF had lower total N, NANBN and total
      amino acid (AA) flows at the duodenum than did those fed DDG, indicating that
      less DCGF protein escaped ruminal degradation. Steers fed DDG had greater (P less
      than .05) total tract NDF digestion, suggesting that escape protein from DDG may
      stimulate hindgut fermentation and thereby affect site and extent of nutrient
      digestion. Regression analysis indicated that extent of ruminal fermentation and
      efficiency of microbial growth in vivo are associated with ruminal rates of
      passage within individual animals. When steers were fed at high-intake levels
      (1.6% of body weight), ruminal dilution rates were not increased (P less than
      .05) due to forage particle size or level of intake treatments, accounting, in
      part, for the lack of expected treatment differences in efficiency of bacterial
      growth and duodenal N flow, and for the low number of interactions between main
      effects.

PMID- 3710927
TI  - Effect of space allowance and tylosin feeding on performance of growing-finishing
      pigs. NCR-89 Committee on Confinement Management of Swine.
AB  - The relationship between space allowance and tylosin feeding of growing-finishing
      pigs was investigated at nine experiment stations in the North Central Region.
      The experiment involved 1,352 pigs in 23 replications of treatments. Pigs allowed
      .46 m2 from 25 to 57 kg body weight and .74 m2 from 57 to 96 kg grew faster in
      the grower (P less than .001), finisher (P less than .05) and grower-finisher (P
      less than .001) periods than did pigs allowed .32 m2 and .56 m2 for the two
      weight periods, respectively. Feed efficiency was improved (P less than .005) by
      the more liberal space allowance in the grower, but not in the finisher period.
      Tylosin at 44 mg/kg changed to 22 mg/kg at 57 kg body weight caused an increase
      (P = .07) in rate of gain for the overall grower-finisher period and an
      improvement in feed efficiency in the grower (P = .07) and the grower-finisher (P
      less than .05) periods. In no instance was there an interaction between space
      allowance and tylosin feeding. Station effects were significant for all
      performance estimates, but there were no interactions between station and space
      tylosin treatments. The results of the experiment indicate that crowding
      depressed performance of growing-finishing pigs, that tylosin feeding slightly
      improved performance and that the space allowance and the tylosin growth
      responses were independent.

PMID- 3710928
TI  - Time of zeranol implantation on growth, reproduction and calving of beef heifers.
AB  - Zeranol implants were administered to 250 crossbred heifer calves at 1, 6 or 9 mo
      of age to evaluate growth, reproduction and calving performance. Heifers were
      assigned to eight treatment groups with 25 animals per group. Two additional
      groups of 25 heifers each were used to study the effects of multiple implants at
      two levels of nutrition on heifer performance. Implants at 1 mo of age (branding)
      increased heifer weights at 6 mo of age (weaning) by 5 kg (P = .08). Heifers
      receiving a combination of two implants gained faster (P less than .05) from
      weaning to breeding (6 to 13 mo) than controls or heifers implanted three times.
      Implants at either 6 or 9 mo increased (P less than .05) precalving pelvic areas
      (247 vs 241 cm2 and 248 vs 240 cm2 over controls, respectively). Implants did not
      affect the percent of heifers reaching puberty prior to breeding season.
      Conception rates in 62 d of breeding were comparable for implanted and control
      heifers (93 vs 96%), with the exception of heifers receiving implants at both 1
      and 6 mo of age (56%). Calf birth weight, dystocia score, cow rebreeding rate and
      calf weaning weight were not affected by implant treatments. Heifers that
      received three implants and were fed at a high nutritional level (gained .62 vs
      .49 kg/d for regular level after weaning) tended (P greater than .10) to reach
      puberty at a higher rate prior to breeding and to have a higher total conception
      rate than implanted heifers on the regular nutrition level.

PMID- 3710929
TI  - Influence of dietary crude protein on peanut skin digestibility and utilization
      by feedlot steers.
AB  - Peanut skins were fed at 15% of steer diets in metabolism and feedlot trials.
      Elevation of dietary protein using soybean meal or soybean meal plus urea and
      ammoniation of skins were evaluated as methods of overcoming detrimental
      performance and digestibility effects of tannins in peanut skins. Digestibility
      of dry matter, crude protein and energy were not different (P greater than .05)
      for steers fed a control diet with 11.4% crude protein with no skins compared
      with high-protein 15% peanut skin diets with soybean meal (15.5% crude protein)
      or soybean meal plus urea (16% crude protein). Dry matter, crude protein and
      energy digestibilities of control and of high-protein peanut skin diets were
      higher (P less than .05) compared with an 11.4% crude protein peanut skin diet
      and a 12.2% crude protein diet with ammoniated peanut skins. Ether extract
      digestibility was higher (P less than .05) for all peanut skin diets compared
      with the control. Nitrogen retention (g/d) was not different (P greater than .05)
      for control and high-protein peanut skin diets, and nitrogen retention on these
      diets was higher (P less than .05) compared with the lower protein and ammoniated
      peanut skin diets. Diets fed in the metabolism trial, except for the ammoniated
      peanut skin diet, were fed to 96 steers (345 kg initial wt) in a 109-d feedlot
      trial. Performance was lower (P less than .05) for steers fed the lower-protein
      peanut skin diet compared with other treatments through d 56; this diet was
      discontinued as a treatment on d 62.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3710930
TI  - Fertility, embryo survival and litter size in lines of Targhee sheep selected for
      weaning weight or litter size.
AB  - Conception rate, prenatal survival and litter size were recorded for 444 ewes of
      two age groups from five lines of grade Targhee sheep: two unselected control
      lines, HC1 and DC(C); two lines selected for 20 yr for increased 120-d weight, HW
      and DH(W); and a line selected for 18 yr for increased multiple births, T. Line T
      was equal or superior to the control lines in conception rate, prenatal survival
      and litter size in both age groups, although most of the differences were not
      significant. The W selected lines were inferior to the C and T lines in fertility
      and tended to be lower in prenatal survival, among mature ewes, resulting in a
      significantly lower number of lambs born per corpus luteum in the W lines than in
      the other two groups. Among yearlings, C ewes were non-significantly lower in
      fertility than T and W ewes, while W ewes were significantly lower than C and T
      ewes in prenatal survival. The T line ewes had higher overall reproductive
      performance than either of the other two groups. Ewes with two ovulations had a
      significantly higher conception rate than ewes with single ovulations. Gestation
      period was exceptionally uniform with a coefficient of variation of 1.3% and
      little difference due either to line or litter size. It was concluded that
      selection for multiple births improved overall reproductive performance, whereas
      selection for increased growth rate had an adverse effect on several components
      of reproduction, leading to a net decline in fitness.

PMID- 3710931
TI  - Ovulation rate and litter size of Barbados, Targhee and crossbred ewes.
AB  - Ovulation rate was measured in Barbados Blackbelly (United States strain; B),
      Targhee (T), Barbados X Targhee (B X T) and Barbados X Dorset-Targhee (B X DT)
      ewes at first and second estrus following synchronization of cycles early in the
      breeding season. Body weight at sponge removal differed (P less than .001)
      between B (30.9 kg) and T ewes (54.9 kg) and was intermediate for B X T (44.9 kg)
      and B X DT (43.5 kg) ewes. Ovulation rate was higher (P less than .01) at first
      and second estrus for B (1.86, 2.04), B X T (1.93, 2.04) and B X DT (1.72, 1.80)
      than for T (1.29, 1.40) ewes. Regressions of ovulation rate on body weight within
      the breed groups did not differ significantly from each other and the average was
      significant (b = .049 +/- .014 CL/kg at first estrus and b = .046 +/- .011 CL/kg
      at second estrus, where CL = number of corpora lutea), but differences between
      the groups in body weight did not explain the differences in ovulation rate.
      Litter size for B, B X T, B X DT and T groups was 1.71, 1.84, 1.84 and 1.28,
      respectively. The B X T ewes were superior to the average of the B and T ewes for
      ovulation rate (P less than .05) and litter size (P less than .01); there was no
      direct estimate of embryo survival, but the results indirectly indicate
      superiority of the crossbreds for this component also.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3710932
TI  - A genetic analysis of feed conversion efficiency and associated traits in swine.
AB  - Performance records were analyzed for 1,869 purebred Duroc and Yorkshire gilts
      tested in littermate groups of two to four pigs in 703 pens. Traits studied were
      average daily gain during a standard test period from 56 d of age to 90.7 kg
      (ADG), average daily feed consumption during the test period (ADF), average
      backfat thickness (ABF) measured from polaroid photos of ultrasonic scans at 90.7
      kg and efficiency of feed conversion for the whole test period (feed conversion
      efficiency, FCE). The main objectives were: 1) to estimate pertinent genetic and
      phenotypic parameters and 2) to discuss applications of the findings to the swine
      industry in the United States. A balanced 16% crude protein diet in pelleted form
      was provided ad libitum during the entire test period. Nested analyses of
      variance were computed with both the individual and pen mean records. Sire
      components of variance and covariance, adjusted for level of inbreeding, were
      used to estimate heritabilities and genetic and phenotypic variances, covariances
      and correlations. Heritabilities estimated from individual records were .098 for
      ADG and .423 for ABF. Estimates from pen means were .105 for ADF and .061 for
      FCE. Genetic correlations of FCE with ADG, ADF and ABF were estimated as -.520, 
      .520 and .694, respectively, while phenotypic correlations for the same traits
      were -.240, .570 and .212, respectively, all from pen means. Genetic and
      phenotypic correlations of ADG with ABF from individual records were .176 and
      .254, respectively. Implications for swine testing programs were discussed,
      including a proposal that would include FCE indirectly in an index with ADG and
      ABF, based on genetic covariances of FCE with ADG and ABF, thereby removing the
      need to measure FCE directly.

PMID- 3710933
TI  - Performance of Duroc and Yorkshire boars and gilts and reciprocal breed crosses.
AB  - Analyses of variance were computed for records on growth and body composition
      traits made in 1983 by 255 boars and gilts in selected and control lines of
      Durocs and Yorkshires and their reciprocal crossbreds. Previous selection over a
      period of several generations was mainly on an index of sow productivity
      including preweaning litter sizes and weight. Animals in the select lines were
      selected for high index values; animals in the control lines were selected to
      average near the mean index values of that year and line. Breeding animals in all
      four lines during that period were basically randomly selected with regard to
      growth rate or body composition traits. The same boars sired both purebred and
      crossbred litters in 1983. Traits analyzed were average daily gain (ADG) during a
      standard test period from 56 d of age to 90.7 kg and average backfat thickness
      (ABF) and longissimus muscle area (LMA) from ultrasonic scans at 90.7 kg.
      Crossbred pigs had greater (P less than .01) ADG than purebred pigs, but did not
      differ (P greater than .05) in ABF or LMA. Heterosis was 8.2% for ADG. Crossbreds
      with Yorkshire dams had thinner (P less than .01) ABF and larger (P less than
      .01) LMA than crossbreds with Duroc dams. Boars had greater (P less than .05)
      ADG, thinner (P less than .01) ABF and smaller (P less than .01) LMA than gilts.
      Correlations between 38 half-sib family averages of purebred and crossbred pigs
      of the same sex and the same sires were .07, .37 and .24 for ADG, ABF and LMA,
      respectively. Implications of the above and additional findings for swine
      breeding strategies are discussed.

PMID- 3710934
TI  - Selection in Hereford cattle. I. Selection intensity, generation interval and
      indexes in retrospect.
AB  - Selection intensity and generation interval were evaluated in a Hereford cattle
      herd made up of 14 inbred lines and 14 linecross groups corresponding to the
      lines of inbred sires at the Suan Juan Basin Research Center, Hesperus, Colorado.
      Selection indexes practiced were calculated in retrospect. Analyses of the
      records collected from 1946 through 1973 involved weaning weight (WW) and
      postweaning traits in males and females. Analyses by line were performed for the
      inbreds, while pooled analyses were done on the inbred and linecross populations.
      From records of 1,239 calves weaned, age of sire averaged 3.75 yr compared with
      4.52 yr for age of dam, showing faster generation turnover for sires than for
      dams. Generation interval determined as actual age of midparent was 4.13 yr.
      Selection applied for WW, evaluated as annual selection differentials within
      inbred lines and then pooled over all lines, averaged .55 standard deviations
      (sigma)/generation for sires. For females, selection was much less intense.
      Midparent selection differential amounted to .33 sigma/generation. For sires,
      pooled standardized selection differentials per generation over all lines during
      the postweaning gain period were .49 sigma, .46 sigma, .40 sigma, -.20 sigma, 
      .10 sigma and .69 sigma, respectively, for initial weight, final weight, feed
      consumed, feed efficiency (FE, unadjusted and adjusted) and average daily gain
      (ADG). Selection of females for postweaning traits was not intense. Selection
      index actually practiced in retrospect for sires was: IS = .4461 (WW) - .0092
      (FE) + .6126 (ADG). The indexes for dams included WW, 12-mo weight (12W), 18-mo
      weight (18W), mature spring weight (SPW) and mature fall weight (FAW) and were:
      for inbred dams, ID = .1824 (WW) - .0284 (12W) + .0736 (18W) - .1097 (SPW) -
      .1097 (FAW); for linecross dams, ID = .2693 (WW) - .2960 (12W) + .0147 (18W) +
      .1185 (SPW) - .0354 (FAW). The corresponding index selection differentials were
      .818, .203 and .209. Sire index selection differentials represent about 79% of
      the total selection differentials.

PMID- 3710935
TI  - Selection in Hereford cattle. II. Expected and realized response.
AB  - Data from 14 inbred lines and 14 linecross groups of Hereford cattle at the San
      Juan Basin Research Center, Hesperus, were used to evaluate expected and realized
      response in birth and weaning traits and postweaning traits in males and females
      over a 28-yr period. There were large differences in the means and variances of
      the performance traits among the inbreds and linecrosses, with the inbreds
      showing inbreeding depression and greater variability among lines, while the
      linecrosses manifested within-breed heterosis. Except for gain from weaning to 12
      mo, in females, genetic progress was expected in all traits studied, mainly due
      to sire selection. Regressions of annual trait means on years indicated positive
      phenotypic trends in the inbreds for heart girth circumference at birth, adjusted
      weaning weight (adjusted for inbreeding), weaning score, final weight, feed
      consumption and the yearling weights and gains in females. Changes were negative
      for other traits. In the linecross group phenotypic trends were positive in all
      traits except heart girth circumference, weaning age, initial test weight and
      feed efficiency. Estimated genetic progress per generation due to within-line
      selection was negative in most of the traits in the inbreds but was considerably
      positive for the linecrosses for most of the traits. As expected, between-line
      selection yielded greater genetic improvement in the inbred than in the linecross
      population. The different patterns of response in the two populations are
      attributed to high rates and levels of inbreeding. Although variable, the actual
      progress was below prediction in most of the traits studied.

PMID- 3710936
TI  - Heterosis among closed lines of Hereford cattle. III. Postweaning growth and
      carcass traits in steers.
AB  - Feedlot and carcass characteristics of 276 steers from five closed lines of
      Hereford cattle and reciprocal crosses among these lines were studied. The traits
      studied were initial weight, final weight, 224-d gain, days on test, hot carcass
      weight, marbling score, longissimus muscle area, fat thickness, yield grade,
      dressing percentage and shear force. Year of record was a significant source of
      variation for most traits. Age of dam was a significant source of variation for
      growth traits but not carcass traits. Line of sire affected initial weight, final
      weight, 224-d gain, days on test, marbling score and dressing percentage.
      Significant heterosis was observed only for hot carcass weight. Heterosis
      estimates were 1.9% for initial weight, 2.2% for final weight, 2.5% for 224-d
      gain, -2.1% for days on test, .6% for hot carcass weight, -.6% for marbling
      score, 0 for carcass grade, .6% for longissimus muscle area, 2.3% for backfat
      thickness, .9% for yield grade, -.9% for dressing percent and -10.9% for shear
      force. Initial age on test affected only hot carcass weight. Hot carcass weight,
      dressing percentage, marbling score, longissimus muscle area and fat thickness
      were affected by slaughter weight. Slaughter age affected dressing percent and
      marbling score.

PMID- 3710937
TI  - Scrotal circumference in yearling Hereford bulls: adjustment factors,
      heritabilities and genetic, environmental and phenotypic relationships with
      growth traits.
AB  - Field data on 4,233 yearling Hereford bulls were analyzed using fixed and mixed
      model least-squares procedures to examine factors affecting scrotal
      circumference; determine appropriate adjustment factors; and study genetic,
      environmental and phenotypic relationships among scrotal circumference and growth
      traits. Scrotal circumference was affected by postweaning feed level;
      contemporary group/feed level; age of dam; and covariates age, weight and height.
      Of the three covariates, weight had the greatest effect, and any factor which
      caused an increase in weight tended to increase scrotal circumference. Quadratic
      effects of age, weight, height and age X age of dam interaction effects were
      significant or approached significance, but were of minor importance. Large
      contemporary group effects suggested the need for expressing scrotal
      circumferences as trait ratios or as deviations from contemporary group means.
      Scrotal circumference adjustment factors recommended for yearling Hereford bulls
      were .026 cm X d-1 of age and .8, .2 and .1 for sons of 2-, 3- and 4-yr old dams,
      respectively. Heritability of weight-adjusted scrotal circumference was .46 +/-
      .06 compared with .49 +/- .06 for age-adjusted scrotal circumference, indicating
      considerable additive genetic variation for relative scrotal size. Correlations
      between scrotal circumference and growth traits were moderate to high. The
      genetic correlation between scrotal circumference and yearling weight was the
      highest of these at .44 +/- .16. Potential implications of this relationship are
      discussed.

PMID- 3710938
TI  - Growth, development and body composition in three genetic stocks of swine.
AB  - Differences in growth, chemical body composition and visceral organ development
      were evaluated in three genetic stocks: Beltsville Highfat (HF) and Lowfat (LF)
      Duroc-Yorkshire composites and a Hampshire X Large White cross (CX). Ten sets of
      littermate barrows were used from each stock. One pig from each set was
      slaughtered at 10, 17 and 24 wk of age. After slaughter, each pig was dissected
      into three fractions: carcass, head and feet, viscera and blood. Backfat was
      measured at three locations and visceral organs were weighed separately. Each
      fraction was frozen, ground, sampled and analyzed in duplicate for protein, fat,
      water and ash. The CX pigs were heaviest at all ages and contained the most fat
      free mass (FFM). The HF pigs were smallest and contained the most fat, while LF
      pigs tended to be intermediate. The LF pigs deposited a greater proportion of
      weight in head and feet and a greater proportion of total FFM in the carcass than
      HF and CX pigs. Estimated allometric growth coefficients for non-fat chemical
      components relative to empty body weight (EBWT) were lower for HF than LF and CX,
      which were similar. Coefficients for fat were similar among stocks yet intercepts
      differed widely. Relative to total FFM, water increased at a faster rate and ash
      a slower rate in CX pigs compared to HF and LF. Growth coefficients were
      calculated for internal organs relative to EBWT. Coefficients for organs of the
      digestive tract were not different among stocks. However, significant differences
      among stocks were found for heart, lung, spleen and liver that were not explained
      by differences in body composition.

PMID- 3710939
TI  - Excess supplemental choline for swine.
AB  - Seven experiments were conducted with 280 crossbred pigs to investigate the
      effect of excess choline on rate and efficiency of gain of weanling, growing and
      finishing swine Choline additions were made to a conventional corn-soybean meal
      diet. Daily gain of weanling pigs was reduced slightly by 6,000 ppm excess
      choline compared with 0, 500, 1,000, 2,000 or 4,000 ppm excess choline. Excess
      supplemental choline (2,000 ppm) fed throughout the weanling, growing and
      finishing (121 to 126 d) phases of growth reduced (P less than .08) daily gain
      but it did not affect (P greater than .10) feed utilization. The 2,000-ppm
      choline addition, however, did not affect (P less than .10) pig gain when fed
      only during the growing and finishing stages of growth (68 to 86 d). Excess
      choline should be avoided in swine diets if maximum rate of gain is to be
      achieved.

PMID- 3710940
TI  - The effects of a dietary antimicrobial on the biological half-life of
      chenodeoxycholic acid and plasma bile acid concentration patterns in the young
      pig.
AB  - Carbodox (CX), an antimicrobial agent, was fed at 0 or 58 ppm in a 19.5% crude
      protein corn-soybean metal diet to young pigs (12 to 15 kg). Radiolabeled
      chenodeoxycholic acid (CDC) was infused into the hepatic portal vein; after each
      of the subsequent six meals, blood samples were collected from the anterior vena
      cava (VC) and the hepatic portal (HP) veins. For the first 5 min after CDC
      infusion, the level of radioactivity in the CX pigs was significantly lower in
      the HP plasma and the slopes of the two curves of the plasma activity for the
      first hours were significantly different. The plasma bile acid concentrations (as
      measured by radioactivity) were significantly higher in the CX-treated animals
      following all meals. The biological half-life of CDC was 6.4 d in the controls
      and 5.7 d in the CX pigs. The increased rate of excretion was significant. These
      data indicate that bile acid metabolism in the young pig was significantly
      affected by feeding a subtherapeutic level of the antimicrobial CX.

PMID- 3710941
TI  - A comparison of media and methods for the recovery of Yersinia enterocolitica and
      Yersinia enterocolitica-like bacteria from milk containing simulated raw milk
      microfloras.
AB  - A number of plating and enrichment media proposed for the isolation of Yersinia
      enterocolitica from foodstuffs were examined for their ability to recover the
      type strains of Y. enterocolitica sensu stricto, Y. intermedia, Y. frederiksenii
      and Y. kristensenii. Nine selective plating media were evaluated for the
      quantitative recovery of the type strains in pure culture, and their inhibition
      of other organisms typical of both milk and enteric microfloras. Cefsulodin
      irgasan-novobiocin (CIN) agar, incubated for 48 h at 25 degrees C, allowed a high
      recovery of all the Yersinia spp. and was the most selective medium. The same
      four type strains were added to UHT milk that had been previously inoculated with
      bacteria to simulate either freshly drawn or cold stored milk microfloras. Twenty
      six enrichment procedures (including cold enrichment, selective enrichment at
      higher temperatures, two-step procedures and a post-enrichment alkali treatment)
      were assessed for the efficiency of recovery of the Yersinia spp. Pre-enrichment
      in trypticase-soy broth (TSB) for 24 h at 22 degrees C followed by selective
      enrichment in bile-oxalate-sorbose (BOS) medium for 5 d at 22 degrees C and
      plating on CIN agar (48 h at 25 degrees C) allowed the greatest increase in the
      numbers of Yersinia spp. and maximum inhibition of the competing microflora.

PMID- 3710942
TI  - Effects of dietary chlortetracycline on the antimicrobial resistance of broiler
      faecal Streptococcaceae.
AB  - A breeder flock and a control group of progeny birds were fed antimicrobial-free
      rations; a second group of progeny received rations supplemented with 50 g
      chlortetracycline (Ctc)/ton. Effects of dietary Ctc on the distribution of
      species and biotypes of faecal Gram-positive cocci and their relative resistance
      to 12 antimicrobial agents were studied. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pattern
      diversity and modal AMR patterns were determined for bacterial species common to
      all three groups. Numerical taxonomic analysis placed 1321 (97%) of 1360 isolates
      into eight species or biotypes. The largest cluster (n = 659, 48%) was a biotype
      of Streptococcus faecalis. Three clusters were biotypes of Streptococcus faecium
      and contained 580 isolates (42%). The isolates were susceptible to ampicillin and
      almost uniformly resistant to methicillin, neomycin, streptomycin, sulfadiazine
      and tetracycline. There were 54 and 47 different AMR patterns, including 0 to 11
      and 1 to 11 resistance determinants, in isolates from control and Ctc-fed birds,
      respectively. Modal AMR patterns for Strep. faecalis and one biotype of Strep.
      faecium were very similar for all three groups of birds. However, modal patterns
      in a second biotype of Strep. faecium varied considerably for all three groups.
      Interpretation of AMR pattern diversities were equivocal among biotypes from both
      progeny groups. The variable distribution of isolates, proportions of resistant
      strains, modal patterns and diversity indices among the progeny were probably due
      to their exposure to different environmental sources of bacteria.

PMID- 3710943
TI  - Bacteriophages and indicator bacteria in human and animal faeces.
AB  - In an attempt to explain the presence of F-specific (RNA) bacteriophages in waste
      water, faecal material from humans and a variety of animals was examined. The
      phages were detected in appreciable numbers only in faeces from pigs, broiler
      chickens, sheep and calves but not from dogs, cows, horses and humans. Parallel
      examinations for somatic coliphages, thermotolerant coliforms, faecal
      streptococci and spores of sulphite-reducing clostridia revealed the consistent
      presence of these organisms in all types of samples, albeit in variable numbers.
      The number of F-specific bacteriophages was related to the total number of
      somatic coliphages, but phage counts were unrelated to bacterial counts. F
      specific RNA phages were grouped by serotyping and all animal isolates were found
      to belong to either group I (MS2 subtype) or IV (four different subtypes). Among
      the group IV isolates, most belonged to well-known subtypes SP (24 isolates) or
      FI (18 isolates) but five isolates were related to phage ID2 and one isolate was
      a new subtype. In contrast with animal isolates, 19 isolates from hospital
      wastewater belonged to serogroups II or III.

PMID- 3710944
TI  - Maintenance factors in coercive mother-child interactions: the compliance and
      predictability hypotheses.
AB  - Two stimulus control processes by which some parent-child dyads occasionally
      escalate their aversive exchanges into progressively more coercive interactions
      are described. The compliance hypothesis suggests that aversive actions have
      instructional properties for the dyad and that parent compliance with such child
      instructions maintains behavior chains of increasing aversiveness. The
      predictability hypothesis suggests that social interactions are most likely to
      function as aversive stimuli in the dyad when delivered in unpredictable fashion
      by either party and that responses instrumental in reducing dyadic
      unpredictability maintain aversive behavior chains. Expectations derived from
      both hypotheses are evaluated in a series of correlational analyses of mother
      child interactions obtained in extended baseline observations of three dyads
      seeking psychological help for severe interactional problems. Results provide
      tentative support for the predictability hypothesis and suggest important avenues
      of further research.

PMID- 3710945
TI  - Parent education project II. Increasing stimulating interactions of
      developmentally handicapped mothers.
AB  - Two studies are reported on the assessment and training of parent-child
      interactional skills in developmentally handicapped mothers. Study 1 compared the
      interactions of eight developmentally handicapped versus eight nonhandicapped
      mothers during play with their young (6-25 months) children. Results showed that
      the former group generally interacted much less with their children and that they
      were less likely to praise appropriate child behavior and imitate child
      vocalizations. Study 2 attempted to remediate these deficits, using a training
      package consisting of discussion, modeling, feedback, social reinforcement, and
      self-recording. Results showed, first, that the training did increase the
      targeted skills to well within the range found for the nonhandicapped mothers.
      Second, training effects generalized from the group instructional setting to the
      mothers' own homes. Third, newly acquired skills were generally maintained at or
      above levels found for the nonhandicapped mothers over a 5- to 10-month follow-up
      period. Finally, all seven children showed increases in vocalizations concomitant
      with parent training. The results suggest that developmentally handicapped
      mothers can be taught to provide more effective and stimulating interactions to
      their young children.

PMID- 3710946
TI  - Behavioral technology for reducing occupational exposures to styrene.
AB  - We conducted a test of the usefulness of behavioral methods to control
      occupational health problems by reducing workers' exposures to toxic chemicals.
      Four plastics workers were trained in nine behaviors selected for potential to
      reduce their exposures to styrene, a common chemical with multiple toxic effects.
      Behavioral measures indicated that the workers quickly came to emit most of the
      behaviors. Measures of air samples indicated that large decreases in exposures to
      styrene accompanied the changes in behaviors for the three workers who had been
      selected because they most needed relief from their exposures and because they
      had opportunities to control their exposures by the ways they behaved.

PMID- 3710947
TI  - Training apartment upkeep skills to rehabilitation clients: a comparison of task
      analytic strategies.
AB  - The research was designed to validate procedures to teach apartment upkeep skills
      to severely handicapped clients with various categorical disabilities.
      Methodological features of this research included performance comparisons between
      general and specific task analyses, effect of an impasse correction baseline
      procedure, social validation of training goals, natural environment assessments
      and contingencies, as well as long-term follow-up. Subjects were taught to
      perform upkeep responses on their air conditioner-heating unit, electric range,
      refrigerator, and electrical appliances within the context of a multiple-probe
      across subjects experimental design. The results showed acquisition, long-term
      maintenance, and generalization of the upkeep skills to a nontraining apartment.
      General task analyses were recommended for assessment and specific task analyses
      for training. The impasse correction procedure generally did not produce
      acquisition.

PMID- 3710948
TI  - Generalization of object naming after training with picture cards and with
      objects.
AB  - Generalization of four retarded children's object naming responses to stimuli in
      the natural environment was assessed after training with either objects or
      pictures of the objects. Generalization was typically greater after training with
      objects. In a second experiment, half of the stimuli that showed little
      generalization were retrained by alternating the original training object with an
      object that belonged to the same stimulus class as the training stimulus. The
      other half were simply retrained using the object. The alternating procedure
      resulted in substantial increases in generalization to untrained objects.

PMID- 3710949
TI  - A comparison of peer-initiation and teacher-antecedent interventions for
      promoting reciprocal social interaction of autistic preschoolers.
AB  - We compared two procedures for improving the social interactions of three
      autistic children. In a peer-initiation condition, confederates were taught to
      initiate interaction with the autistic children. In a teacher-antecedent
      condition, teachers prompted the autistic children to initiate with confederates,
      who had been taught to reciprocate. Using an alternating treatment design,
      differential effects were found. The peer-initiation procedure reliably increased
      the social responses of the autistic children, whereas the teacher-antecedent
      condition increased the initiations and responses of the autistic children. In
      addition, longer chains of social interaction occurred during the teacher
      antecedent condition.

PMID- 3710950
TI  - Effectiveness of brief time-out with and without contingent delay: a comparative
      analysis.
AB  - We evaluated a commonly used component of brief time-out, in which release from
      time-out is delayed contingent on the occurrence of disruption. Data were
      collected for one normal and two mentally retarded children on time-out-producing
      behaviors (aggression and disruption) as well as delay-producing behaviors during
      time-out (loud vocalizations, out-of-chair, aggression, and disruption). The
      results of a combination ABAC reversal and multiple-baseline design indicated
      that, under the conditions used in this investigation, both delay and no delay
      variations were effective in reducing the frequency of the target behaviors.
      Implications for the use of time-out to reduce aberrant behaviors are discussed.

PMID- 3710951
TI  - Testicular self-examination: validation of a training strategy for early cancer
      detection.
AB  - Testicular self-examination (TSE) can lead to early diagnosis and treatment of
      testicular cancer, the third leading cause of death in young men. We evaluated
      the effectiveness of a brief and specific checklist for teaching TSE skills. Ten
      men were videotaped while performing testicular self-examinations before and
      after training. The TSE training resulted in large and significant increases in
      the number of TSE steps completed and duration of the TSE. Two urological
      validation measures supported the improvements observed in the mens' self
      examinations. Subjects reported continued performance of TSE during a follow-up
      telephone interview. This pilot study indicates that a brief and specific
      checklist is an effective strategy for teaching early cancer detection skills.

PMID- 3710952
TI  - The effects of reciprocal peer tutoring and group contingencies on the academic
      performance of elementary school children.
AB  - We evaluated the effects of reciprocal peer tutoring combined with group
      reinforcement contingencies on the arithmetic performance of 12 underachieving
      fifth-grade students. Results indicated that the intervention increased the
      students' arithmetic performance to a level indistinguishable from their
      classmates during treatment and 12-week follow-up phases. Pre-, post-, and follow
      up sociometric data indicated that the students who participated in the treatment
      groups increased their amount of peer affiliation with other treatment group
      members.

PMID- 3710953
TI  - Preparation for effective self-regulation: the development of generalized verbal
      control.
AB  - A correspondence training procedure was used to develop consistency between
      children's verbalizations and their subsequent behavior across increasingly
      remote settings and time. The interval of time between the verbalizations and the
      opportunity to engage in several target behaviors was systematically increased
      across four preschool settings. Probes of generalized verbal control of home
      behaviors were conducted throughout training and showed that generalization was
      obtained in the absence of any salient externally imposed contingencies after the
      children had reliably come under the control of verbalizations about preschool
      behaviors.

PMID- 3710954
TI  - Novel mechanisms for determining antibiotic susceptibilities.

PMID- 3710955
TI  - Beta-lactam antibiotics increase the frequency of plasmid transfer in
      Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - The transfer of a plasmid specifying tetracycline resistance between different
      derivatives of Staphylococcus aureus by phage mediated conjugation was enhanced
      100- to 1000-fold by exposure of the culture to subinhibitory concentrations of
      beta-lactam agents. A variety of other antibiotics, including vancomycin and
      teicoplanin, had no such effect. The enhanced frequency of transfer was probably
      due to the formation of large bacterial aggregates.

PMID- 3710956
TI  - Effect of miconazole and clotrimazole on K+ release and inhibition of ergosterol
      biosynthesis in Trichophyton mentagrophytes and related ultrastructural
      observations.
AB  - Measurement of K+ ions in extracellular fluids was used to provide evidence of
      direct membrane damage induced by miconazole and clotrimazole in Trichophyton
      mentagrophytes mycelium. K+ release from mycelium treated with high
      concentrations of drug was extensive, although leakage occurred more rapidly and
      to a greater extent with miconazole than with clotrimazole. Cells treated with
      fungicidal concentrations of drug were completely necrotic. The effect of
      miconazole was concentration dependent. A reduction in ergosterol levels was
      evident after 5 h treatment with miconazole. Further reduction in ergosterol
      concentration was demonstrated after 24 h with fungistatic concentrations of drug
      and was a concentration dependent effect. Fungistatic concentrations of
      miconazole also induced ultrastructural changes in mycelium, which were apparent
      within 5 h of treatment and became more pronounced after 24 h. Clotrimazole also
      reduced ergosterol levels and affected ultrastructure of mycelium. The plasma
      membrane in particular was affected by both these drugs.

PMID- 3710957
TI  - Interaction of antimicrobial agents with human peripheral blood leucocytes:
      uptake and intracellular localization of certain sulphonamides and trimethoprims.
AB  - The uptake of sulphamethoxazole, sulphadiazine, sulphamerazine, sulphanilamide,
      trimethoprim and brodimoprim by human peripheral blood leucocytes, has been
      investigated. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to assay
      drug concentrations before and after incubation with leucocyte suspensions. Using
      radiolabelled material the intracellular localization of two of these compounds
      was also determined. The results indicated that all the investigated drugs were
      taken up by leucocytes. Differential studies demonstrated that mononuclear cells
      accumulated higher drug concentrations (0.13-0.55 microgram/10(7) cells), than
      resting neutrophils (0.02-0.26 microgram/10(7) cells) with the exception of
      sulphanilamide, which was taken up to a greater extent by neutrophils (0.75
      microgram/10(7) cells). During neutrophil phagocytosis intracellular levels of
      all the drugs except brodimoprim increased from 3 to 130-fold as compared to
      resting neutrophils. The uptake of 14C-sulphanilamide and 14C-trimethoprim, in
      neutrophils and mononuclear blood cells, as assessed by measurement of the cell
      associated radioactivity, correlated well with that determined by the HPLC
      procedure. In the intracellular localization studies 14C-sulphanilamide and 14C
      trimethoprim exhibited similar distribution profiles. In neutrophils, 35-40% of
      radiolabelled drug was located in both the microsome and cytosol fractions
      whereas in peripheral blood mononuclear cells 40-60% was found in the cytosol and
      10-20% in the microsome fraction. The results of this study suggest that,
      following activation, leucocytes may actively transport these drugs and release
      them locally at sites of infection. The ability of neutrophils to further
      concentrate the drugs during phagocytosis may result in reduced survival time of
      some ingested bacteria. These concepts may be important in designing treatment
      stratagems for intracellular pathogens.

PMID- 3710958
TI  - Synergistic activity of apalcillin and gentamicin in a combination therapy in
      experimental Pseudomonas bacteraemia of neutropenic mice.
AB  - The therapeutic activity of a combination of apalcillin and gentamicin was
      evaluated in experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in neutropenic mice.
      Mice made neutropenic by administration of cyclophosphamide were more susceptible
      to P. aeruginosa infection than normal mice. At both challenge levels of 2LD50
      and 20LD50, therapy with gentamicin alone was more effective than that with
      apalcillin or piperacillin. However, therapy with apalcillin-gentamicin
      combinations was significantly more effective than that by either component
      alone, and was as active as that with piperacillin-gentamicin. These in-vivo
      findings correlated with those of in-vitro studies, thus establishing a
      synergistic effect when apalcillin and gentamicin were combined. The results show
      that apalcillin when combined with gentamicin is effective in treating serious P.
      aeruginosa bacteraemia in neutropenic mice.

PMID- 3710959
TI  - Pharmacokinetics, in-vitro activity, therapeutic efficacy and clinical safety of
      aztreonam vs. cefotaxime in the treatment of complicated urinary tract
      infections.
AB  - The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of aztreonam and cefotaxime were
      determined against 400 isolates from urological in-patients with complicated
      and/or hospital acquired urinary tract infections (UTI). Against the Gram
      negative rods the activities of both antibiotics were comparable except for
      higher activity of aztreonam against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The pharmacokinetic
      study in nine elderly patients showed a prolonged plasma half life of aztreonam
      (2.7 h) as compared to younger volunteers (1.6-1.9 h). In a prospective
      randomized study 39 urological patients with complicated and/or hospital acquired
      UTI were treated with 1 g aztreonam or cefotaxime iv twice daily for 4 to 15
      days. Cure was obtained in 5 out of 18 patients in the aztreonam and 7 out of 20
      patients in the cefotaxime group. There were 3 superinfections, 7 relapses and 3
      reinfections in the aztreonam group and 1 failure, 1 superinfection, 6 relapses
      and 5 reinfections in the cefotaxime group. There was no significant difference
      in therapeutic efficacy between the two antibiotics. Both antibiotics were
      tolerated well and seem to be equally effective in the treatment of complicated
      UTI caused by sensitive organisms.

PMID- 3710960
TI  - The influence of protein binding on the antistaphylococcal activity of
      antibiotics.

PMID- 3710961
TI  - Activity of quinolones against Legionellaceae.

PMID- 3710962
TI  - Activity of temocillin and ticarcillin against consecutively isolated
      Enterobacteriaceae in four medical centres.

PMID- 3710963
TI  - Penetration of ceftriaxone into the liver.

PMID- 3710964
TI  - Aminoglycosides in combination in severe infections. Brussels, 31 May 1985.

PMID- 3710965
TI  - Novel approaches for the use of aminoglycosides: the value of experimental
      models.
AB  - Although newer antimicrobials look promising for the treatment of serious Gram
      negative infections, the aminoglycosides still remain part of the mainstay of
      their therapy. Traditional intermittent therapy is based upon the premise that
      high serum aminoglycoside concentrations are toxic. However, the rate of
      bacterial killing for aminoglycosides is also a concentration-dependent
      phenomenon. An animal model of pseudomonas pneumonia and staphylococcal
      endocarditis has been used to examine the efficacy of non-traditional
      aminoglycoside dosing regimens, i.e. single, large daily doses or constant
      infusions, versus the conventional, intermittent low doses of aminoglycosides.
      Results demonstrate that high peak concentrations are more efficacious. Other
      recent data suggest that toxicity might also be less with the large, single daily
      dose regimen. The way in which we have been dosing aminoglycosides may not be
      maximizing their therapeutic potential, nor minimizing their toxicities.

PMID- 3710966
TI  - Epinephrine-induced changes in muscle carbohydrate metabolism during exercise in
      male subjects.
AB  - Epinephrine increases glycogenolysis in resting skeletal muscle, but less is
      known about the effects of epinephrine on exercising muscle. To study this,
      epinephrine was given intraarterially to one leg during two-legged cycle exercise
      in nine healthy males. The epinephrine-stimulated (EPI) and non-stimulated (C)
      legs were compared with regard to glycogen, glucose, glucose 6-phosphate (G6P),
      alpha-glycerophosphate (alpha-GP), and lactate contents in muscle biopsies taken
      before and after the 45-min submaximal exercise, as well as brachial arterial
      femoral venous (a-fv) differences for epinephrine, norepinephrine, lactate,
      glucose, and O2 during exercise. During exercise the arterial plasma epinephrine
      concentration was 4.8 +/- 0.8 nmol/l and the femoral venous epinephrine
      concentrations were 10.3 +/- 2.1 and 3.9 +/- 0.6 nmol/l, respectively, in the EPI
      and C leg. During exercise the a-fv difference for lactate was greater (-0.41 +/-
      0.14 vs. -0.21 +/- 0.14 mmol/l; P less than 0.001), and the a-fv difference for
      glucose was smaller (0.07 +/- 0.12 vs. 0.24 +/- 0.12 mmol/l; P less than 0.01) in
      the EPI than in the C leg, but the a-fv differences for O2 were similar. Muscle
      glycogen depletion (137 +/- 63 vs. 99 +/- 43 mmol/kg dry muscle; P less than 0.1)
      and the muscle concentrations of glucose (P less than 0.05), alpha-GP (P less
      than 0.1), G6P (P greater than 0.1), and lactate (P greater than 0.1) tended to
      be higher in the EPI than the C leg after exercise. These findings suggest that
      physiological concentrations of epinephrine may enhance muscle glycogenolysis
      during submaximal exercise in male subjects.

PMID- 3710967
TI  - Steady-state response of normal subjects to inspiratory resistive load.
AB  - Tidal volume (VT) is usually preserved when conscious humans are made to breathe
      against an inspiratory resistance. To identify the neural changes responsible for
      VT compensation we calculated the respiratory driving pressure waveform during
      steady-state unloaded and loaded breathing (delta R = 8.5 cmH2O X 1(-1) X s) in
      eight conscious normal subjects. Driving pressure (DP) was calculated according
      to the method of Younes et al. (J. Appl. Physiol. 51: 963-989, 1981), which
      provides the equivalent of occlusion pressure at functional residual capacity
      throughout the breath. VT during resistance breathing was 108% of unloaded VT, as
      opposed to a predicted value of 82% of control in the absence of neural
      compensation. Compensation was accomplished through three changes in the DP
      waveform: 1) peak amplitude increased (+/- 23%), 2) the duration of the rising
      phase increased (+42%); and 3) the rising phase became more concave to the time
      axis. There were no changes in the relative decay rate of inspiratory pressure
      during expiration, in the shape of the declining phase of DP, or in end
      expiratory lung volume.

PMID- 3710968
TI  - Steady-state response of quadriplegic subjects to inspiratory resistive load.
AB  - Normal subjects preserve tidal volume (VT) in the face of added inspiratory
      resistance by increasing maximal amplitude and duration of the rising phase of
      respiratory driving pressure (DP) and by changing the shape of this phase to one
      that is more concave to the time axis. To explore the possible role of chest wall
      afferents in mediating these responses, we determined averaged DP in eight
      quadriplegic subjects during steady-state unloaded breathing and while breathing
      through an inspiratory resistance (8.5 cmH2O X 1(-1) X s). As with normal
      subjects, quadriplegics preserved VT (loaded VT = 106% control) by utilizing all
      three mechanisms. However, prolongation of the inspiratory duration derived from
      the DP waveform (+22% vs. +42%) and shape response were significantly less in the
      quadriplegic subjects. Shape response was completely absent in subjects with C4
      lesions. The results provide strong evidence that respiratory muscle spindles are
      responsible for shape response and that changes in afferent feedback from the
      chest wall play an important role in mediating inspiratory prolongation.

PMID- 3710969
TI  - Dynamics of endotoxin fever in the rabbit.
AB  - To analyze the dynamic properties of body temperature and effector mechanisms
      during endotoxin fever, both experimental and mathematical procedures were
      applied. Experiments were carried out on rabbits in a climatic chamber at various
      ambient temperatures. Salmonella typhosa endotoxin (0.1 microgram/kg) was
      injected into an ear vein. A biphasic core temperature increase evoked by
      different effector mechanisms depending on ambient temperature was observed. A
      mathematical model based on experimental results with nonfebrile rabbits predicts
      the effector behavior at all ambient temperatures. From a comparison of
      experimental results with the model prediction, it is concluded that the increase
      of core temperature during fever is essentially caused by a dynamic shift of the
      controller characteristics. The effect of the pyrogen may be simulated by a
      resultant fever-controlling signal that is biphasic but increases more steeply
      than does core temperature. The analysis suggests that the three possible fever
      driving effectors, metabolism, ear blood flow, and respiratory evaporative heat
      loss, should be controlled by the same resultant signal, although the time
      courses of the effectors and of core temperature vary distinctly at different air
      temperatures. The model uses an additive controller structure.

PMID- 3710970
TI  - Upper airway stability and apnea during nasal occlusion in newborn infants.
AB  - Brief end-expiratory airway occlusions were performed in 22 preterm babies, 17
      with and 5 without clinical apnea, and 4 full-term babies, 1 with Pierre-Robin
      syndrome. Airway stability was evaluated by comparing pressures measured
      simultaneously in the chest and nasal passages during occluded inspiratory
      efforts. The airway remained patent throughout all 301 trials in 20 babies during
      rapid-eye-movement (REM) and quiet sleep. Airway closure occurred during 31/102
      trials in 6 babies (5 preterm and 1 term with Pierre-Robin syndrome), more
      commonly in quiet than in REM sleep. Overall and within individuals, mean closing
      pressures were significantly lower than the mean maximum falls in airway pressure
      recorded during occlusions without closure. Mixed-obstructive and obstructive
      apnea was significantly more frequent in babies with airway closure than in those
      without (5.3 +/- 4.0 vs. 0.4 +/- 0.8 episodes/h). Pauses in breathing greater
      than or equal to 3 s occurred during 28% of occlusions in preterm infants and 2%
      of occlusions in full-term babies. There was no significant difference between
      the mean frequency of pauses during occlusion and during the preceding control
      period or in the incidence of pauses in occlusions with vs. those without
      closure. It is concluded that the airway of most preterm and full-term babies is
      remarkably stable under load. Intermittent closure occurs in certain infants and
      may be related to airway muscle dysfunction.

PMID- 3710971
TI  - Exercise and glycogen depletion: effects on ability to activate muscle
      phosphorylase.
AB  - Phosphorylase activation reverses during prolonged contractile activity. Our
      first experiment was designed to determine whether this loss of ability to
      activate phosphorylase by stimulation of muscle contraction persists following
      exercise. Phosphorylase activation by stimulation of muscle contraction was
      markedly inhibited in rats 25 min after exhausting exercise. To evaluate the role
      of glycogen depletion, we accelerated glycogen utilization by nicotinic acid
      administration. A large difference in muscle glycogen depletion during exercise
      of the same duration did not influence the blunting of phosphorylase activation.
      Phosphorylase activation by stimulation of contraction was more severely
      inhibited following prolonged exercise than after a shorter bout of exercise
      under conditions that resulted in the same degree of glycogen depletion. A large
      difference in muscle glycogen repletion during 90 min of recovery was not
      associated with a significant difference in the ability of muscle stimulation to
      activate phosphorylase, which was still significantly blunted. Phosphorylase
      activation by epinephrine was also markedly inhibited in muscle 25 min after
      strenuous exercise but had recovered completely in glycogen-repleted muscle 90
      min after exercise. These results provide evidence that an effect of exercise
      other than glycogen depletion is involved in causing the inhibition of
      phosphorylase activation; however, they do not rule out the possibility that
      glycogen depletion also plays a role in this process.

PMID- 3710973
TI  - Human thermoregulatory responses to cold air are altered by repeated cold water
      immersion.
AB  - The effects of repeated cold water immersion on thermoregulatory responses to
      cold air were studied in seven males. A cold air stress test (CAST) was performed
      before and after completion of an acclimation program consisting of daily 90-min
      cold (18 degrees C) water immersion, repeated 5 times/wk for 5 consecutive wk.
      The CAST consisted of resting 30 min in a comfortable [24 degrees C, 30% relative
      humidity (rh)] environment followed by 90 min in cold (5 degrees C, 30% rh) air.
      Pre- and postacclimation, metabolism (M) increased (P less than 0.01) by 85%
      during the first 10 min of CAST and thereafter rose slowly. After acclimation, M
      was lower (P less than 0.02) at 10 min of CAST compared with before, but by 30
      min M was the same. Therefore, shivering onset may have been delayed following
      acclimation. After acclimation, rectal temperature (Tre) was lower (P less than
      0.01) before and during CAST, and the drop in Tre during CAST was greater (P less
      than 0.01) than before. Mean weighted skin temperature (Tsk) was lower (P less
      than 0.01) following acclimation than before, and acclimation resulted in a
      larger (P less than 0.02) Tre-to-Tsk gradient. Plasma norepinephrine increased
      during both CAST (P less than 0.002), but the increase was larger (P less than
      0.004) following acclimation. These findings suggest that repeated cold water
      immersion stimulates development of true cold acclimation in humans as opposed to
      habituation. The cold acclimation produced appears to be of the insulative type.

PMID- 3710972
TI  - Transient ventilatory and heart rate responses to moderate nonabrupt pseudorandom
      exercise.
AB  - Dynamic responses of inspired minute ventilation, CO2 and O2 end-tidal gas
      fractions, and heart rate were obtained from six normal human volunteers in
      response to a complex dynamic exercise challenge. Subjects pedalled a chair
      ergometer at constant frequency. The retarding torque applied to the ergometer
      pedals was controlled by a low-pass-filtered pseudorandom binary sequence
      (fPRBS), which provided a complex, nonanticipatory exercise stimulus containing
      sufficient high- and low-frequency energy to excite the small signal, broadband
      ventilatory response. The exercise range was chosen to produce a mean level of O2
      consumption at or below 50% maximum O2 consumption. Cross-covariant analysis of
      the fPRBS exercise with breath-by-breath ventilation provided an estimate of the
      dynamic (impulse) response to exercise, which contained both fast phase 1 and
      slow phase 2 components. The initial, phase one, hyperpnea occurred within the
      same breath as the exercise transition and preceded a hypocapnic response. The
      phase one hyperpnea represented 26% of the total ventilatory response. The
      secondary, phase 2, hyperpnea was delayed several breaths from the onset of phase
      1. It contained slower dynamics and followed a hypercapnic response. Heart rate
      increased abruptly during phase 1, peaked near the phase 1-to-2 boundary, and
      then decreased rapidly. The experimental protocol was designed to minimize the
      subjective response and provide an adequate stimulus for the faster time
      constants. Results obtained from these experiments were consistent with a
      nonhumoral induced phase 1 exercise hyperpnea.

PMID- 3710974
TI  - Plasma volume and proteins in voluntary hyperventilation.
AB  - In a controlled study the changes of the plasma volume and plasma proteins
      induced by voluntary hyperventilation (HV) were investigated in nine
      splenectomized volunteers. The plasma volume changes were calculated from the
      changes of the hemoglobin and hematocrit. After 20 min of HV in supine position,
      which lead to a decrease of the venous CO2 partial pressure by 19 Torr and to an
      increase of plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine levels, the plasma volume was
      reduced by 12.9%. The intravascular masses of total protein, albumin, and several
      other proteins decreased during HV but a similar decrease of these proteins was
      also observed during the control study (C), i.e., rest in supine position without
      HV. The differences between changes during HV and C were not significant,
      indicating that the loss of protein was not due to HV. It is concluded that acute
      HV leads to a rapidly reversible loss of a virtually protein-free solution from
      the vascular space. The red cell compartment participated in fluid shifts in that
      the mean red cell volume decreased by 2.2% (P less than 0.02 compared with C).
      Comparison with earlier work shows that addition of erythrocytes from the normal
      spleen does not play a part in the HV-induced increase of hemoglobin and
      hematocrit.

PMID- 3710975
TI  - Passive mechanics of upright human chest wall during immersion from hips to neck.
AB  - We have determined the mechanical effects of immersion to the neck on the passive
      chest wall of seated upright humans. Repeated measurements were made at relaxed
      end expiration on four subjects. Changes in relaxed chest wall configuration were
      measured using magnetometers. Gastric and esophageal pressures were measured with
      balloon-tipped catheters in three subjects; from these, transdiaphragmatic
      pressure was calculated. Transabdominal pressure was estimated using a fluid
      filled, open-tipped catheter referenced to the abdomen's exterior vertical
      surface. We found that immersion progressively reduced mean transabdominal
      pressure to near zero and that the relaxed abdominal wall was moved inward 3-4
      cm. The viscera were displaced upward into the thorax, gastric pressure increased
      by 20 cmH2O, and transdiaphragmatic pressure decreased by 10-15 cmH2O. This
      lengthened the diaphragm, elevating the diaphragmatic dome 3-4 cm. Esophageal
      pressure became progressively more positive throughout immersion, increasing by 8
      cmH2O. The relaxed rib cage was elevated and expanded by raising water from hips
      to lower sternum; this passively shortened the inspiratory intercostals and the
      accessory muscles of inspiration. Deeper immersion distorted the thorax markedly:
      the upper rib cage was forced inward while lower rib cage shape was not
      systematically altered and the rib cage remained elevated. Such distortion may
      have passively lengthened or shortened the inspiratory muscles of the rib cage,
      depending on their location. We conclude that the nonuniform forcing produced by
      immersion provides unique insights into the mechanical characteristics of the
      abdomen and rib cage, that immersion-induced length changes differ among the
      inspiratory muscles according to their locations and the depth of immersion, and
      that such length changes may have implications for patients with inspiratory
      muscle deficits.

PMID- 3710976
TI  - Vasodilator reserve in respiratory muscles during maximal exertion in ponies.
AB  - Eight healthy adult grade ponies were studied at rest as well as during maximal
      exertion carried out with and without adenosine infusion (3 microM X kg-1 X min-1
      into the pulmonary artery) on a treadmill to compare levels of blood flow in
      respiratory muscles with those in other vigorously working muscles and to
      ascertain whether there remained any unutilized vasodilator reserve in
      respiratory muscles of maximally exercising ponies. Radionuclide-labeled 15
      micron-diam microspheres, injected into the left ventricle, were used to study
      tissue blood flows. During maximal exertion, there were increases above base-line
      values in heart rate (336%), mean aortic pressure (41%), cardiac output (722%),
      and arterial O2 content (56%). The whole-body O2 consumption was 123 +/- 11 ml X
      min-1 X kg-1, and the stride/respiratory frequency of the galloping ponies was
      138 +/- 4/min. With adenosine infusion during maximal exertion, mean aortic
      pressure decreased (P less than 0.05), but none of the above variables was
      different from maximal exercise alone. During maximal exertion, blood flow in the
      adrenal glands, myocardium, respiratory, and limb muscles increased, whereas that
      in the kidneys decreased and the cerebral perfusion remained unaltered. With
      adenosine infusion during maximal exercise, renal vasoconstriction intensified,
      whereas adrenal and coronary beds exhibited further vasodilatation. During
      maximal exertion, blood flow in the equine diaphragm (265 +/- 36 ml X min-1 X 100
      g-1) was not different from that in the gluteus medius (253 +/- 36) and biceps
      femoris (233 +/- 29); both are principal muscles of propulsion in the equine
      subjects) or the triceps brachii (227 +/- 26) muscles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3710977
TI  - Thermoregulatory and acute-phase responses to endotoxin of full- term-pregnant
      rabbits.
AB  - Fever, a fall in the plasma level of iron (Fe), and rises in the levels of
      certain plasma glycoproteins (indexed by protein-bound-N-acetylneuraminic acid
      [NANA]) normally occur during infection; they are thought to be mutually
      enhancing in host defense. It has been reported that fever is suppressed at full
      term of pregnancy; however, it is not known whether the blood chemical changes
      are similarly affected. Also, the mechanism for the suppression of fever is
      controversial. Since uteroplacental blood flow is at its maximum near term,
      competition between the demands of the fetoplacental unit and of thermoregulatory
      effectors might result in underperfusion of thermogenic tissues and therefore
      provide a basis for the lack of fever. To examine these questions, the changes in
      colonic temperature (Tco) and regional blood flow induced by Salmonella
      enteritidis endotoxin (LPS, 2 micrograms/kg iv) were compared in conscious
      nonpregnant and 30-day-pregnant rabbits 35 min after injection, using 15
      microgram radiolabeled microspheres. In different rabbits, the effects of LPS on
      Tco and plasma Fe and NANA levels were measured before mating and at term. LPS
      induced fevers similar in heights and courses in both nonpregnant and full-term
      pregnant rabbits It caused decreases in the blood flows to brain, tongue, mammary
      gland, small intestine, and ear and increases in the blood flows to masseter
      muscle, bone, liver (hepatic artery), and left ventricle; blood flows to the
      kidneys, spleen, right ventricle, ovaries, and myometrium did not change. There
      were no significant differences in these vascular responses between nonpregnant
      and 30-day-pregnant rabbits, except a 28% reduction in the blood flow to the
      placentas.

PMID- 3710978
TI  - Pulmonary gas exchange in humans during exercise at sea level.
AB  - Previous studies have shown both worsening ventilation-perfusion (VA/Q)
      relationships and the development of diffusion limitation during exercise at
      simulated altitude and suggested that similar changes could occur even at sea
      level. We used the multiple-inert gas-elimination technique to further study gas
      exchange during exercise in healthy subjects at sea level. Mixed expired and
      arterial respiratory and inert gas tensions, cardiac output, heart rate, minute
      ventilation, respiratory rate, and blood temperature were recorded at rest and
      during steady-state exercise in the following order: rest, minimal exercise (75
      W), heavy exercise (300 W), heavy exercise breathing 100% O2, repeat rest,
      moderate exercise (225 W), and light exercise (150 W). Alveolar-to-arterial O2
      tension difference increased linearly with O2 uptake (VO2) (6.1 Torr X min-1 X 1(
      1) VO2). This could be fully explained by measured VA/Q inequality at mean VO2
      less than 2.5 l X min-1. At higher VO2, the increase in alveolar-to-arterial O2
      tension difference could not be explained by VA/Q inequality alone, suggesting
      the development of diffusion limitation. VA/Q inequality increased significantly
      during exercise (mean log SD of perfusion increased from 0.28 +/- 0.13 at rest to
      0.58 +/- 0.30 at VO2 = 4.0 l X min-1, P less than 0.01). This increase was not
      reversed by 100% O2 breathing and appeared to persist at least transiently
      following exercise. These results confirm and extend the earlier suggestions (8,
      21) of increasing VA/Q inequality and O2 diffusion limitation during heavy
      exercise at sea level in normal subjects and demonstrate that these changes are
      independent of the order of performance of exercise.

PMID- 3710979
TI  - Diaphragmatic function during hypoxemia: neonatal and developmental aspects.
AB  - The effect of acute hypoxemia on diaphragmatic force output was studied in five
      young (age 4-8 days, wt 1.3-2.2 kg) and five older (age 16-19 days, wt 2.8-3.3
      kg), anesthetized, spontaneously breathing piglets. Diaphragmatic force output
      was assessed by analysis of the transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) generated
      during an occluded inspiratory effort, at end-expiratory lung volume, triggered
      by supramaximal transvenous stimulation of both phrenic nerves at frequencies of
      20, 30, 50, and 100 Hz. During pressure measurements, the piglets were fitted
      with a rigid plaster cast covering the abdomen and lower third of the chest to
      ensure a consistency in diaphragmatic shortening during phrenic nerve
      stimulation. Pdi was measured under base-line conditions [inspired O2 fractional
      concentration (FIO2) = 0.50] and after 10 min of hypoxemia induced by breathing
      12-14% FIO2. Pdi was significantly less than base line during acute hypoxemia at
      all frequencies of stimulation in both young and older piglets. The decline in
      the older piglets' Pdi during hypoxemia was significantly greater than that seen
      in younger piglets. We conclude that acute hypoxemia impairs the capacity of the
      developing piglet diaphragm to generate force. Furthermore, our data suggest that
      the young piglet is more resistant to the depressant effects of hypoxemia when
      compared to its older counterpart.

PMID- 3710980
TI  - Origin of periodic acid-Schiff-reactive glycoprotein in human eccrine sweat.
AB  - To evaluate the possible involvement of ductal blockade with periodic acid-Schiff
      (PAS)-positive materials in the mechanism of hidromeiosis in humans, skin slices
      were incubated with methacholine for 2 h and PAS-positive materials localized
      histologically in the ductal lumen. In 20% of the glands complete ductal blockade
      with PAS-positive materials was noted. The characteristics and origin of such PAS
      positive glycoproteins in human sweat were then studied using various
      electrophoretic techniques. One-dimensional sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis (1-D SDS-PAGE) demonstrated considerable individual variation
      in the electrophoretic pattern; however, four major bands at 45, 28, 20, and 18K
      shared by different individuals, were PAS positive. Further studies using two
      dimensional SDS-PAGE, immunodiffusion and immunoaffinity chromatography
      demonstrated that the PAS-positive glycoproteins are not derived directly from
      serum because they are electrophoretically and antigenically distinct from serum
      proteins, including alpha 1-glycoprotein, alpha 2-HS-glycoprotein, and alpha 1
      antitrypsin. Since only dark cell granules are densely stained in the
      histochemical PAS staining, and because antiserum produced against the PAS
      positive band selectively stained cells facing the secretory coil lumen (which
      are most likely dark cells), it is suggested that PAS-positive sweat
      glycoproteins are derived predominantly from the dark cells.

PMID- 3710981
TI  - Muscle lipoprotein lipase activity in voluntarily exercising rats.
AB  - Voluntary exercise of rats in freely rotating work wheels has been extensively
      used, but muscle adaptations that result from such exercise training are poorly
      documented. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the exercise
      performed by voluntarily active rats would increase succinate dehydrogenase or
      lipoprotein lipase activities in the soleus muscle (SM) or the red portion of the
      vastus lateralis muscle (RV). In SM the activities of these two enzymes were not
      increased after 7 or 16 wk of voluntary exercise. Succinate dehydrogenase
      activity in RV was moderately increased after 7 and 16 wk of voluntary activity
      (P less than 0.05). Substantial increases occurred in RV lipoprotein lipase
      activity (P less than 0.01). The increase in RV lipoprotein lipase activity was
      positively related to distance run by the rats. The results indicate that only
      small muscle-dependent increases in mitochondrial enzymes occur in rats allowed
      to exercise voluntarily in rodent work wheels. Voluntary exercise training
      induced a selective increase in lipoprotein lipase activity in a muscle
      containing a high percentage of fast-twitch red fibers, a response absent in a
      muscle containing a predominance of slow-twitch red fibers. It is unlikely that
      this differential response can be explained by exercise-induced changes in plasma
      hormone concentrations involved in the regulation of lipoprotein lipase.

PMID- 3710982
TI  - A new theory of pulmonary blood flow in zone 2 condition.
AB  - In pulmonary blood flow, if arterial pressure (Pa) and pleural pressure (Ppl)
      were fixed, the flow increases with decreasing venous pressure (Pv) only when
      venule pressure (Pven) greater than airway pressure (PA) (i.e., in zone 3). When
      Pven less than or equal to PA (i.e., in zone 2), with Pa fixed, the flow
      decreases with decreasing Pv. The pressure-flow relationship has a hysteresis
      loop. This phenomenon can be explained by conservation of mass and momentum and
      the morphology and material properties of the lung, including the observation
      that reseparation of adhered cells requires an extra force. The key mathematical
      observation is that the solution h = 0 (h being the blood sheet thickness in the
      interalveolar septa) can coexist with the solution h not equal to 0 in zone 2
      condition, resulting in "patchy" filling of the alveolar walls. When h = 0, the
      sheet is collapsed and endothelial cells adhere. Experimental results show that
      the adhered endothelial cells do not reseparate by raising Pv in zone 2 but can
      be accomplished under zone 3 condition.

PMID- 3710983
TI  - Activation of complement at plasma-air or serum-air interface of rabbits.
AB  - The possibility of the air-plasma interface giving rise to complement activation
      is investigated. After incubation of the plasma of a group of rabbits with
      zymosan and measurement of the degree of autologous polymorphonuclear leukocyte
      aggregation that follows the injection of a sample of the incubated plasma into a
      leukocyte suspension, it is found that the rabbits can be divided into two
      groups, sensitive and insensitive, depending on the degree of leukocytes
      aggregation. For the sensitive group it is found that both the plasma-air
      interface and the serum-air interface give rise to significant leukocyte
      aggregation. If the animal is decomplemented before the plasma is incubated in
      the presence of the air interface, there is no longer any significant leukocyte
      aggregation. It would appear that the complement system is activated by the
      presence of the air interface in plasma, but that fibrinogen does not play a
      pivotal role in the process.

PMID- 3710985
TI  - Respiratory and postural changes in intercostal muscle length in supine dogs.
AB  - In an attempt to assess the physiological function(s) of the external (E) and
      internal interosseous (I) intercostal muscles, we measured the changes in
      intercostal muscle length during spontaneous breathing, during passive inflation,
      and during passive rotation of the trunk. Studies were performed on 46 muscles
      from 16 supine anesthetized dogs, and changes in muscle length were assessed by
      sonomicrometry. The changes were small during spontaneous breathing, whether
      before or after bilateral phrenicotomy, and the pattern was variable among
      animals and among interspaces. The E, however, particularly in the lower
      interspaces, often lengthened with inspiration, and the I, in particular in the
      upper interspaces, often shortened with inspiration. Only occasionally did the E
      and I in one interspace change in length in opposing directions. This was also
      true during passive inflation, where both E and I usually shortened in the upper
      interspaces and lengthened in the lower interspaces. By contrast, during passive
      rotation of the trunk, the E and I systematically changed in length in opposing
      directions, and either muscle could successively lengthen and shorten a
      substantial amount depending on the side of rotation. These results suggest that
      1) the E and I in supine dogs do not behave as antagonistic muscles during
      moderate respiratory efforts; and 2) they do behave as antagonistic muscles
      during rotation of the trunk. A primary function of these muscles as rotators of
      the trunk, unlike breathing, may explain why two layers of intercostal muscles
      with different fiber orientation exist between the ribs.

PMID- 3710984
TI  - Interorgan cooperativity in carnitine metabolism in the trained state.
AB  - This study was designed to evaluate the effects of chronic exercise training on
      carnitine acetyl- and palmitoyltransferase activity and the distribution of
      carnitine forms and concentrations in various organs and tissues of female rats.
      Sprague-Dawley rats were swim trained 6 days/wk and progressed to 75-min swims
      twice daily (with 3% of their total body weight attached to the medial portion of
      the tail) at the end of 5 wk of training. Sedentary (S, n = 12) and trained (T, n
      = 13) animals were killed by decapitation, and the livers, kidneys, hearts, and
      several skeletal muscle types were removed and immediately frozen in liquid N2
      and/or extracted for enzyme activity assays. Blood was collected and plasma was
      stored frozen. Samples were assayed for free, acid-soluble, and acid-insoluble
      carnitine. Free carnitine increased significantly (P less than 0.03) in T hearts.
      Free carnitine remained unchanged in liver, but short-chain acylcarnitines
      increased significantly (P less than 0.001). There was a significant (P less than
      0.001) reduction in long-chain acylcarnitines in kidney in the trained rats, and
      plasma short-chain acylcarnitine levels also decreased (P less than 0.001).
      Several significant changes in carnitine distribution also occurred in the
      superficial and deep portions of the vastus lateralis and in the mixed
      gastrocnemius muscles. There was a significant reduction in carnitine
      acetyltransferase activity with training in both the soleus (P less than 0.02)
      and superficial gastrocnemius (P less than 0.002) muscles. The deep portion of
      the gastrocnemius muscle contained significantly higher activity than either the
      superficial portion or the soleus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3710986
TI  - Respiratory function of intercostal muscles in supine dog: an electromyographic
      study.
AB  - It is traditionally considered that the difference in orientation of the muscle
      fibers makes the external intercostals elevate the ribs and the internal
      interosseous intercostals lower the ribs during breathing. This traditional view,
      however, has recently been challenged by the observation that the external and
      internal interosseous intercostals, when contracting alone in a single
      interspace, have a similar effect on the ribs into which they insert. This view
      has also been challenged by the observation that the external and internal
      intercostals in a given interspace often change their length in the same
      direction during breathing. In an attempt to clarify the respiratory function of
      these muscles, we studied eight supine lightly anesthetized dogs during quiet
      breathing and during static inspiratory efforts. In each animal electromyographic
      (EMG) recordings from the external and internal interosseous intercostals were
      obtained in all interspaces from the second to the eighth, and selective
      denervations were systematically performed to ensure with complete certainty the
      origin of the recorded EMG activities. The external intercostals were only
      activated in phase with inspiration, whereas the internal interosseous
      intercostals were only activated in phase with expiration. These phasic EMG
      activities, however, were generally small in magnitude, and the muscles were
      often silent. Indeed, activation of the externals was always confined to the
      upper portion of the rib cage, whereas activation of the internals was limited to
      the lower portion of the rib cage. Internal intercostal activation always
      occurred sequentially along a caudocephalic gradient. These observations are thus
      compatible with the traditional view of intercostal muscle action.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3710987
TI  - Influence of exercise training on maternal and fetal morphological
      characteristics in the rat.
AB  - Evidence in both humans and animals has shown that exercise before or during
      pregnancy may effect fetal outcome. The purpose of this investigation was to
      examine the effects of an exercise program on fetal development in the rat. Prior
      to impregnation one group of animals was exercise-trained on a Quinton shock
      stimulus rodent treadmill. The exercised group was trained to run 5 days/wk, for
      2.0 h/day at 31 m/min up an 8 degree incline for 8 wk before mating. Following
      mating the training intensity was reduced to 27 m/min up a 5 degree incline, and
      the exercise period decreased to 1 h/day. On day 19 of gestation, 24 h
      postexercise for the trained mothers, the animals were killed in the fed state
      and the maternal and fetal characteristics were measured. The sedentary controls
      gained significantly (P less than 0.05) more body weight during pregnancy. This
      can be attributed to three factors: higher number of fetuses, 14.83 +/- 0.04 vs.
      12.2 +/- 0.85 for the trained; larger litter weights, 44.25 +/- 4.97 vs. 26.17 +/
      1.82 g/dam for the trained; and slightly larger lipid stores. In addition to
      having fewer pups the trained mothers had a greater number of fetal resorptions;
      0.9/dam as opposed to 0.17/dam for the sedentary control. Analysis of fetal body
      composition showed no difference in total body water, protein, or fat between the
      pups of sedentary and trained dams. The results of this study indicate that
      exercise training prior to and during pregnancy influences fetal development in
      the rat.

PMID- 3710988
TI  - Glucose uptake and oxidation in fat cells of trained and sedentary pregnant rats.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to examine the relationship between an
      exercise program and fetal development to determine whether training could
      influence insulin sensitivity in the pregnant rat. Prior to impregnation one
      group of animals was exercise trained on a Quinton shock-stimulus rodent
      treadmill. The exercised group was trained to run 5 days/wk, for 2.0 h/day at 31
      m/min up an 8 degree incline for 8 wk before mating. Following mating the
      training intensity was reduced to 27 m/min up a 5 degree incline, and the
      exercise period decreased to 1 h/day. On day 19 of gestation, 24 h postexercise
      for the trained mothers, the animals were killed in the fed state and the
      parametrial fat pads were removed. The parametrial depot of the trained mother
      was smaller than the sedentary control dam. This was due to a change in cell size
      and did not involve alterations in cell number. Isolated adipocytes of the
      parametrial fat pads were used to measure the rates of 2-deoxy-D-[3H]glucose
      uptake and D-[1-14C]glucose oxidation to 14CO2. The results indicated that the
      adipocytes from the dam trained prior to and during pregnancy were significantly
      (P less than 0.05) more responsive to insulin than those of animals remaining
      sedentary during the same period. At the maximal insulin concentration tested,
      the fat cells from trained mothers were able to take up and metabolize
      approximately twice as much glucose as the sedentary control dams. However, the
      increase in insulin responsiveness induced by the training program did not match
      the changes observed in trained nonpregnant rats of prior investigations.

PMID- 3710989
TI  - Hyperbaric-induced subfertility in mice: lack of effect of decompression.
AB  - Male mice were exposed to 50 atmospheres absolute (ATA). He for 30 min, twice
      weekly for 5 wk and their fertility assessed by subsequently mating with
      untreated virgin females. The exposure schedule was designed to provide
      compression and decompression times the same as previous positive studies of
      hyperbaric-induced subfertility but with much shorter periods at maximum pressure
      (30 min vs. 24 h). We postulated that, if subfertility were associated with
      exposure to pressure per se rather than with compression or decompression, then
      the present experiments would fail to produce a decrease in male fertility. The
      data were compared with those of a control group placed in the hyperbaric chamber
      at 1 ATA. The pregnancy rate for exposed vs. control mice was 89 vs. 86%, and the
      mean live liter size was 6.2 vs. 5.6. There were no statistically significant
      differences between these and other indexes of male fertility, and the results
      support our hypothesis that the hyperbaric-induced subfertility in male mice is
      not associated with these decompression procedures.

PMID- 3710990
TI  - Physiological profile of world-class high-altitude climbers.
AB  - The functional characteristics of six world-class high-altitude mountaineers were
      assessed 2-12 mo after the last high-altitude climb. Each climber on one or
      several occasions had reached altitudes of 8,500 m or above without supplementary
      O2. Static and dynamic lung volumes and right and left echocardiographic
      measurements were found to be within normal limits of sedentary controls (SC).
      Muscle fiber distribution was 70% type I, 22% type IIa, and 7% type IIb. Mean
      muscle fiber cross-sectional area was significantly smaller than that of SC (
      15%) and of long-distance runners (LDR, -51%). The number of capillaries per unit
      cross-sectional area was significantly greater than that of SC (+ 40%). Total
      mitochondrial volume was not significantly different from that of SC, but its
      subsarcolemmal component was equal to that of LDR. Average maximal O2 consumption
      was 60 +/- 6 ml X kg-1 X min-1, which is between the values of SC and LDR.
      Average maximal anaerobic power was 28 +/- 2.5 W X kg-1, which is equal to that
      of SC and 40% lower that that of competitive high jumpers. All subjects were
      characterized by resting hyperventilation both in normoxia and in moderate
      (inspired O2 partial pressure = 77 Torr) hypoxia resulting in higher
      oxyhemoglobin saturation levels in hypoxia. The ventilatory response to four
      tidal volumes of pure O2 was similar to that of SC. It is concluded that elite
      high-altitude climbers do not have physiological adaptations to high altitude
      that justify their unique performance.

PMID- 3710991
TI  - Effects of exercise and heat stress on regional blood flow in pregnant sheep.
AB  - Radioactive microspheres were used to measure cardiac output and blood flow to
      most major tissues, including those in the pregnant uterus, in late-pregnant ewes
      at rest and during treadmill exercise (approximately 3-fold increase in metabolic
      rate for 30 min) in thermoneutral (TN) (dry bulb temperature (Tdb) = 13 degrees
      C, wet bulb temperature (Twb) = 10 degrees C) and mildly hot (MH) (Tdb = 40
      degrees C, Twb = 27 degrees C) environments. Exercise caused major increases in
      blood flow to respiratory muscles, nonrespiratory limb muscles, and adipose
      tissue, and flow was decreased to some gastrointestinal tissues, spleen,
      pancreas, and to placental and nonplacental tissues in the pregnant uterus. Heat
      exposure had relatively little effect on these exercise-induced changes, except
      that flow was further increased in the respiratory muscles. Results are compared
      with those of a similar study on nonpregnant sheep in which changes in muscle,
      skin, and visceral flows during exercise were attenuated by heat exposure. It is
      suggested that redistribution of blood flow from the pregnant uterus, which in
      resting ewes took 22% of cardiac output, is a significant buffer against the
      potentially deleterious effects of combined exercise and heat stress on blood
      flow to exercising muscles and thermoregulatory tissues.

PMID- 3710992
TI  - Effect of tidal volume and anesthetic agent on airway responsiveness to
      histamine.
AB  - Dose-response relationships for bronchoconstriction in response to aerosal
      histamine were assessed before and after vagotomy in 11 dogs anesthetized with
      barbiturates and in 9 dogs anesthetized with alpha-chloralose-urethan. The dose
      response relationships following vagotomy were assessed during spontaneous
      ventilation and during muscular paralysis and mechanical ventilation with tidal
      volume (VT) similar to each animal's VT prior to vagotomy. After vagotomy the
      spontaneous VT of both groups increased but the VT of the alpha-chloralose
      urethan group was significantly less than that of the barbiturate group. The
      histamine responsiveness of the animals anesthetized with barbiturates was
      significantly greater during mechanical ventilation when VT was reduced to
      prevagotomy levels compared with during spontaneous ventilation. In contrast, the
      histamine responsiveness of the alpha-chloralose-urethan group was not
      significantly changed by reducing VT to prevagotomy levels. In six other dogs
      anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium and studied after vagotomy, responsiveness
      to histamine aerosol during controlled ventilation with breaths of prevagotomy VT
      was greater than responsiveness during mechanical ventilation with large volume
      breaths given immediately afterward. Thus the magnitude of VT of dogs after
      vagotomy may influence airway responsiveness, and the influence of anesthetic
      agents on airway responsiveness after vagotomy may in part be due to their
      effects on VT. Furthermore, bronchodilation accompanying large volume ventilation
      persists after vagotomy, suggesting that it is not exclusively mediated by
      changes in parasympathetic activity.

PMID- 3710993
TI  - Base-line and postthermal injury plasma histamine in rats.
AB  - Although plasma histamine concentration has been reported to increase after
      thermal injury in the rat to as much as 100-fold over normal human plasma levels,
      the pathophysiological significance and relevance to human disease is
      questionable. Lack of confidence in the rat as a model of histamine-mediated
      disease is based on reports that normal rat base-line plasma histamine
      concentration exceeds that of human plasma by 20- to 70-fold. The present study
      confirms that high concentrations of histamine (20-68.9 ng/ml) are found in rat
      plasma obtained in an uncontrolled manner; but concentrations are lower (1.17 +/-
      0.49 ng/ml) or undetectable in a sensitive radioenzymatic assay when sampling
      technique and plasma isolation are controlled. The primary cause for falsely
      elevated values for plasma histamine concentration appeared to be due to
      manipulation of the rat. Plasma histamine concentration increased within 1 min
      after thermal injury and the increase was proportional to extent of surface area
      injured. In contrast to the finding of a single time-related peak of plasma
      histamine concentration after partial-thickness burn, a biphasic elevation was
      found after full-thickness injury. Thus the data indicate that normal rat plasma
      histamine concentration is similar to that of the human and below the reported
      threshold for modulation of a variety of immune responses. Furthermore, the data
      support a role for histamine and other mast-cell mediators in the local and
      systemic responses to injury.

PMID- 3710994
TI  - Effect of alterations in muscle fiber length on diaphragm blood flow.
AB  - A variety of studies have examined the response of diaphragmatic blood flow (Qdi)
      to rhythmic pleiometric (i.e., shortening) and isometric contractions. The effect
      of changes in diaphragm fiber length on Qdi are, however, unknown. The present
      study examined the effect of changes in diaphragm fiber length on Qdi and the
      effect of alterations in length on the response of Qdi to increases in diaphragm
      contractile activity. Studies were performed on 21 anesthetized mechanically
      ventilated dogs in which a strip of costal diaphragm was developed in situ. The
      strip was immobilized in a rigid metal frame that permitted precise adjustment of
      muscle length. Strip blood flow was assessed with a drop counter attached to a
      catheter in the branch of the phrenic vein draining the strip. Strips were
      electrically stimulated via intramuscular electrodes, and the isometric tension
      developed was measured with a force transducer. Fiber length was expressed as a
      percentage of the length at which active isometric tension was maximum (Lo). With
      the diaphragm at rest, steady-state blood flow fell by 59 +/- 6% (SE) (P less
      than 0.001) as fiber length was increased from 92 to 107% Lo. Blood flow also
      varied as a function of length when muscles contracted rhythmically (15
      contractions/min, duty cycle 50%) to generate isometric tensions equal to 20 and
      80% of maximum. As fiber length increased from 92 to 106% Lo, Qdi fell by 36 +/-
      6% (SE) when tension was 80% of maximum (P less than 0.01) and by 38 +/- 6% (SE)
      when tension was 20% of maximum (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3710995
TI  - A simple fractionation of chicken egg yolk yields a protein component that
      stimulates cell proliferation and differentiation in primary avian tendon cells.
AB  - An easily prepared and stable protein fraction from chick egg yolk promotes cell
      division (40 h generation time) and expression of procollagen (60% of total
      protein synthesis) in primary avian tendon cells in a serum-free medium. The
      activity of this yolk fraction (YF) is proteinaceous as reflected by its
      sensitivity to protease treatment. Yolk fraction is resolved into four major
      components on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with
      apparent molecular weights of 82,70,42,35 (X 10(-3)). Under nondenaturing
      conditions, YF runs as a mixture of high molecular weight aggregates on Sephacryl
      G-200. We postulate that the active part of YF could be the in ovo growth
      promoter for embryonic chick tendon cells.

PMID- 3710996
TI  - A rapid bioassay to determine stabilities of anticancer agents under conditions
      of the clonogenic assay.
AB  - We developed a rapid bioassay to determine in vitro drug stabilities in the
      clonogenic assay. The in vitro half-lives of 11 standard antitumor agents,
      actinomycin D, Adriamycin, bleomycin, cis-Platinum, dacarbazine, 5-fluorouracil,
      melphalan, mitomycin C, 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), vinblastine,
      and vincristine, and four investigational drugs, Aziridinylbenzoquinone (AZQ)
      (NSC 182986), diamminecyclobutane-dicarboxylatoplatinum (CBDCA) (NSC 241240),
      Dihydroxyanthracenedione dihydrochloride (DHAD) (NSC 301739), and 1-(2
      chloroethyl)-3-(2,6-dioso-3-piperidyl-1-nitrosourea) (PCNU) (NSC 95466), were
      determined under conditions of the clonogenic assay as well as under storage
      conditions at -40 degrees and -196 degrees C. BCNU and AZQ at -40 degrees C had
      t1/2 of 4.7 d 2.5 d, respectively. All other drugs were stable at -40 degrees and
      -196 degrees C with t1/2 greater than 6 wk. Under assay conditions at 37 degrees
      C, actinomycin D, bleomycin, dacarbazine, 5-fluorouracil, mitomycin C,
      vinblastine, vincristine, and DHAD were stable, with t1/2 greater than 14 d.
      CBDCA, AZQ, Adriamycin, cis-Platinum, melphalan, BCNU, and PCNU had t1/2 of
      94,72,29,18.5,1.8,1, and 0.5 h, respectively.

PMID- 3710997
TI  - Cholesterol and atherosclerosis--what should we measure?

PMID- 3710998
TI  - Echocardiographic evaluation of pericardial effusion in hypothyroidism:
      incidence, biochemical and therapeutic correlations.

PMID- 3710999
TI  - Surgical obstructive jaundice in India: a clinical profile.

PMID- 3711000
TI  - Precursors of atherosclerosis in children: investigational parameters (Part II).

PMID- 3711001
TI  - Serum cholesterol and its ratio to binding reserve (SCBR) in healthy subjects and
      in cases of ischaemic heart disease.

PMID- 3711002
TI  - Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the diagnosis of amoebiasis.

PMID- 3711003
TI  - Further experience on glucose tolerance test during rifampicin therapy.

PMID- 3711004
TI  - An experimental assessment of actions of cimetidine and tricyclic anti
      depressants in peptic ulcer.

PMID- 3711005
TI  - Role of nifedipine sublingually in accelerated hypertension.

PMID- 3711006
TI  - Juvenile mitral stenosis in developing countries: problems and challenge.

PMID- 3711007
TI  - Pain in the chest.

PMID- 3711009
TI  - Barium sulfide poisoning.

PMID- 3711008
TI  - Cornella de Lange syndrome or Amsterdam dwarfism.

PMID- 3711010
TI  - Left a trial (anterior) ectopic rhythm.

PMID- 3711011
TI  - Wilson's disease (report of three cases).

PMID- 3711012
TI  - Tricuspid valve endocarditis following septic abortion.

PMID- 3711013
TI  - Rifampicin induced acute renal failure.

PMID- 3711014
TI  - Unusual cases of herpes zoster involving cranial nerves.

PMID- 3711015
TI  - Hypertension in acute stroke.

PMID- 3711016
TI  - Effect of intravenous (i.v.) glucose drip on blood sugar levels in healthy
      adults.

PMID- 3711017
TI  - "Potassium chloride therapy in nutritional oedema".

PMID- 3711018
TI  - CT of fat masses in multiple asymmetrical lipomatosis.

PMID- 3711019
TI  - Ergotamine intoxication.

PMID- 3711020
TI  - [Quality control of film development in radiography].

PMID- 3711021
TI  - Effects of irradiation of an ethmoid carcinoma on the facial skeleton.

PMID- 3711022
TI  - Identification of cis-diols as intermediates in the oxidation of aromatic acids
      by a strain of Pseudomonas putida that contains a TOL plasmid.
AB  - Pseudomonas putida BG1 was isolated from soil by enrichment with p-toluate and
      selection for growth with p-xylene. Other hydrocarbons that served as growth
      substrates were toluene, m-xylene, 3-ethyltoluene, and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene.
      The enzymes responsible for growth on these substrates are encoded by a large
      plasmid with properties similar to those of TOL plasmids isolated from other
      strains of Pseudomonas. Treatment of P. putida BG1 with nitrosoguanidine led to
      the isolation of a mutant strain which, when grown with fructose, oxidized both p
      xylene and p-toluate to (-)-cis-1,2-dihydroxy-4-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1
      carboxylic acid (cis-p-toluate diol). The structure of the diol was determined by
      conventional chemical techniques including identification of the products formed
      by acid-catalyzed dehydration and characterization of a methyl ester derivative.
      The cis-relative stereochemistry of the hydroxyl groups was determined by the
      isolation and characterization of an isopropylidene derivative. p-Xylene-grown
      cells contained an inducible NAD+-dependent dehydrogenase which formed catechols
      from cis-p-toluate diol and the analogous acid diols formed from the other
      hydrocarbon substrates listed above. The catechols were converted to meta ring
      fission products by an inducible catechol-2,3-dioxygenase which was partially
      purified from p-xylene-grown cells of P. putida BG1.

PMID- 3711023
TI  - Production of aerobactin by some species of the genus Yersinia.
AB  - Seventy-seven isolates of Yersinia species were examined for evidence of
      hydroxamate biosynthesis. A total of 7 of 12 Y. frederiksenii, 1 of 5 Y.
      kristensenii, and 5 of 5 Y. intermedia isolates synthesized an hydroxamate
      species which was chromatographically and electrophoretically identical to
      aerobactin. Proof that this material was indeed aerobactin was obtained for one
      strain of Y. frederiksenii by using mass spectrometry. None of 50 Y.
      enterocolitica nor any of 5 Y. pseudotuberculosis isolates produced hydroxamates.

PMID- 3711024
TI  - Electron transfer flavoprotein from Methylophilus methylotrophus: properties,
      comparison with other electron transfer flavoproteins, and regulation of
      expression by carbon source.
AB  - When grown on methylated amines as a carbon source, Methylophilus methylotrophus
      synthesizes an electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF) which is the natural electron
      acceptor of trimethylamine dehydrogenase. It is composed of two dissimilar
      subunits of 38,000 and 42,000 daltons and 1 mol of flavin adenine dinucleotide.
      It was reduced by trimethylamine dehydrogenase to a stable anionic semiquinone
      form, which could not be converted, either enzymatically or chemically, to the
      fully reduced dihydroquinone. This ETF exhibited spectral properties which were
      nearly identical to ETFs from bacterium W3A1, Paracoccus denitrificans, and pig
      liver mitochondria. M. methylotrophus ETF cross-reacted immunologically and
      enzymatically with the ETF of bacterium W3A1 but not with the other two ETFs. In
      M. methylotrophus and bacterium W3A1, ETF and trimethylamine dehydrogenase were
      each expressed during growth on trimethylamine and were each absent during growth
      on methanol.

PMID- 3711025
TI  - The clinical phenomenology of multiple personality disorder: review of 100 recent
      cases.
AB  - The clinical syndrome of multiple personality disorder (MPD) is an unusual
      dissociative condition that has been poorly characterized. In an attempt to
      better delineate the clinical phenomenology of MPD, 100 recent cases were
      collected on a 386-item questionnaire completed by clinicians involved in the
      treatment of MPD patients. This study documents the existence of a clinical
      syndrome characterized by a core of depressive and dissociative symptoms and a
      childhood history of significant trauma, primarily child abuse.

PMID- 3711026
TI  - Rapid tranquilization: a comparison of thiothixene with loxapine.
AB  - This 6-day study evaluated the efficacy of equivalent doses of loxapine and
      thiothixene for rapid tranquilization of acutely disturbed, psychotic patients.
      After initial tranquilization with intramuscular injections for 24 hours, 58
      patients were treated for 5 days with oral medication. With both drugs,
      intramuscular treatment demonstrated clinically significant improvement from
      baseline on Clinical Global Impressions and Brief Psychiatric Rating scales; this
      improvement continued during the oral phase. Median time to tranquilization was
      significantly less with loxapine (60 minutes) than with thiothixene (95 minutes);
      during the oral phase, there were no significant differences between the two
      treatment groups. Side effects were minimal during the intramuscular phase;
      dystonia was most common during the oral phase.

PMID- 3711027
TI  - ECT in primary and secondary depression.
AB  - The response of depressive symptoms to ECT was studied in 58 subjects who met DSM
      III criteria for major depression. For data analysis, the sample was divided by
      diagnosis into categories of primary unipolar depression, bipolar depression, and
      secondary depression. Only 56% of the secondary depression group had a partial or
      complete remission of depressive symptoms, but 91% of the primary unipolar group
      and 100% of the primary bipolar group improved. Subdividing the secondary
      depression group by primary diagnosis revealed a differential response, with
      alcoholism and schizophrenia having the most favorable outcomes.

PMID- 3711028
TI  - Haloperidol versus thioridazine in the treatment of behavioral symptoms in senile
      dementia of the Alzheimer's type: preliminary findings.
AB  - To compare the efficacy and side effects of haloperidol and thioridazine in the
      management of behavioral symptoms of senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type, 16
      patients were studied in an open crossover design study. Following 2-week drug
      washout, patients were alternately assigned to either haloperidol (1, 2, and 5
      mg/day for 2 weeks) or thioridazine (25, 50, and 75 mg/day for 2 weeks). After
      completing the first neuroleptic, patients were washed out and then tried on the
      second neuroleptic. Six patients completed the crossover design, 1 received only
      haloperidol, and 9 received only thioridazine. Both drugs were effective in
      managing target behaviors, which included hostility, uncooperativeness,
      bothersomeness, emotional lability, and irritability. Complaints of fatigue and
      extrapyramidal side effects were greater with haloperidol than with thioridazine.
      Neither compound produced significant impairments in cognition as assessed by the
      Mini-Mental State Examination score or caused orthostatic hypertension.

PMID- 3711029
TI  - Effect of carbamazepine on body weight in affectively ill patients.
AB  - The effect of carbamazepine on body weight was studied in 24 patients with
      affective illness. Carbamazepine caused significant increases in body weight in
      the depressed but not the manic patients. Furthermore, the weight gain in the
      depressed patients seemed to be related to the response to treatment. These
      preliminary findings suggesting that weight gain is related to improvement in
      depression and not to a direct effect of the drug require further study.

PMID- 3711030
TI  - Exacerbation of tardive dyskinesia by Joseph disease.
AB  - A 76-year-old patient is described in whom a severe, life-threatening tardive
      dyskinesia developed after oral administration of approximately 2 mg of
      haloperidol per day for 4 weeks. The patient's strong genetic predisposition for
      Joseph disease may have potentiated both the development and the severity of the
      tardive dyskinesia. Withdrawal of neuroleptic agents accompanied by aggressive
      treatment with reserpine resulted in a complete recovery over 5 weeks. The
      clinical and pathologic characteristics of Joseph disease and tardive dyskinesia
      are compared.

PMID- 3711032
TI  - Hyperthyroidism in a patient with agitated depression: resolution after
      electroconvulsive therapy.
AB  - A patient with hyperthyroidism is described whose clinical presentation was that
      of agitated depression. Her psychologic abnormality and thyroid hyperfunction
      responded to electroconvulsive therapy.

PMID- 3711031
TI  - Complex partial seizures in a patient receiving trazodone.
AB  - A patient who experienced partial complex seizures while receiving therapeutic
      doses of trazodone is described. Only one previous report in the literature
      involved seizures (grand mal) associated with the administration of trazodone.

PMID- 3711033
TI  - Depressive symptoms in acute schizophrenic inpatients.

PMID- 3711034
TI  - Withdrawal dyskinesia following amoxapine therapy.

PMID- 3711035
TI  - Elevated blood neutrophil concentration in mania.

PMID- 3711036
TI  - Postpartum psychosis.

PMID- 3711037
TI  - Oxidation of 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol to 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose catalyzed by an
      enzyme from bacterial membranes.
AB  - Bacteria which grow on 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol (AG) were isolated from soil. One
      such strain showing the highest AG-assimilating activity was further
      characterized and identified as a new strain of the Pseudomonas family (named
      Pseudomonas sp. NK-85001). A subcellular membranous fraction obtained from this
      strain catalyzed the oxidation of AG to 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose. This oxidation
      reaction consumed molecular oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. The AG
      oxidizing activity was further purified after solubilization. The AG oxidation
      catalyzed by this solubilized enzyme utilized molecular oxygen only in the
      presence of an electron mediator such as 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol or
      phenazine methosulfate. Thus, the enzyme was suggested to be a dehydrogenase
      rather than an oxidase. The solubilized enzyme preparation also showed a strict
      substrate specificity. The observed specificity indicated that application of the
      enzyme for AG assay in clinical samples might be possible.

PMID- 3711038
TI  - Site of alkylation of the major ribonuclease from Aspergillus saitoi with
      iodoacetate.
AB  - A base non-specific and adenylic acid preferential ribonuclease from Aspergillus
      saitoi (RNase M) was modified by [14C]iodoacetic acid. RNase M was inactivated
      with concomitant incorporation of about 1 mol equivalent of carboxymethyl group.
      Carboxymethylated RNase M (CM RNase M) thus obtained was reduced and
      carboxymethylated (RCM CM RNase M). From tryptic and chymotryptic digests of RCM
      CM RNase M, two carboxymethylated histidine-containing peptides labeled with
      radioactivity were isolated. The amino acid sequences of these two peptides were
      determined to be Thr-Ile-His-Gly-Leu-Trp-Pro-Asp-Asn-Cys-Asp-Gly-Ser-Tyr... and
      His-Gly-Thr-Cys-Ile-Asn-Thr-Ile-Asp-Pro-Ser-Cys-Tyr-Pro-Asp-Asp-Tyr-Ala. .... The
      distribution of the radioactivity on the former and latter peptides was 43% and
      57%, respectively. The results indicated that two histidine residues are involved
      in the active site of RNase M, and the modification of either one of the two
      histidine residues inactivates RNase M. The CD spectrum of carboxymethylated
      RNase M indicated that some tryptophan residue(s) with a CD band at 287 nm is in
      the proximity of the active site histidine residues of RNase M.

PMID- 3711039
TI  - Purification and physicochemical properties of NADPH-specific dihydropteridine
      reductase from bovine and human livers.
AB  - A new type of dihydropteridine reductase [EC 1.6.99.10], which is specific for
      NADPH as the substrate in the reduction of quinonoid-dihydropterin to
      tetrahydropterin, was purified to homogeneity from bovine liver and human liver.
      The molecular weight of the enzyme was determined to be 65,000-70,000. The enzyme
      was composed of two subunits with identical molecular weight of 35,000; the amino
      terminal residue was determined to be valine. The isoelectric point of the enzyme
      was 7.05. The physicochemical properties of this enzyme were quite different from
      those of bovine liver NADH-specific dihydropteridine reductase [EC 1.6.99.7].
      NADPH-specific dihydropteridine reductase did not cross-react with an antiserum
      raised against the NADH-specific dihydropteridine reductase, nor did the latter
      enzyme react with an antiserum to the former enzyme, indicating that the two
      enzymes have no common antigenic determinants. NADPH-specific dihydropteridine
      reductase from human liver was shown to have properties similar to those of the
      bovine liver enzyme.

PMID- 3711040
TI  - Catalytic properties of NADPH-specific dihydropteridine reductase from bovine
      liver.
AB  - The catalytic properties of a new type of dihydropteridine reductase, NADPH
      specific dihydropteridine reductase [EC 1.6.99.10], from bovine liver, were
      studied and compared with those of the previously characterized enzyme, NADH
      specific dihydropteridine reductase [EC 1.6.99.7]. With quinonoid-dihydro-6
      methylpterin, approximate Km values of NADPH-specific dihydropteridine reductase
      for NADPH and NADH were estimated to be 1.4 micron and 2,900 microns,
      respectively. The Vmax values were 1.34 mumol/min/mg with NADPH and 1.02
      mumol/min/mg with NADPH. With NADPH, the Km values of the enzyme for the
      quinonoid-dihydro forms of 6-methylpterin and biopterin were 1.4 micron and 6.8
      microns, respectively. The enzyme was inhibited by its reaction product, NADP+,
      in a competitive manner, and the inhibition constant was determined to be 3.2
      microns. The enzyme was severely inhibited by L-thyroxine and by 2,6
      dichlorophenolindophenol.

PMID- 3711041
TI  - Detection of differences in higher order structure between highly homologous
      single-stranded DNAs by low-temperature denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis.
AB  - Denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis performed at low temperature was shown to
      be able to detect the mobility change corresponding to the denaturation of the
      secondary structure of single-stranded(ss)DNA. Mobility transitions observed were
      determined to correspond to the melting of local structures, since both
      denaturants and temperature were verified to have similar effects on the mobility
      transition of single-stranded DNAs as on that of double-stranded DNAs. In this
      study it was found that point mutations can effectively change the secondary
      structures of ssDNA and RNA, and that the method adopted here is very sensitive
      to such alterations. The validity of the method was supported by a computer
      analysis of the secondary structure of DNA.

PMID- 3711042
TI  - Proton nuclear magnetic resonance analyses of the molecular conformations of
      unique long neurotoxins bearing Phe-25: Astrotia stokesii b, Astrotia stokesii c,
      and Acanthophis antarcticus b.
AB  - The 270-MHz proton NMR spectra of the unique long neurotoxins bearing Phe-25,
      Astrotia stokesii b (As b) and Astrotia stokesii c (As c) from Astrotia stokesii,
      and Acanthophis antarcticus b (Aa b) from Acanthophis antarcticus, have been
      analyzed. The aromatic proton resonances of Phe-25 in As b and Aa b were assigned
      on the basis of the nuclear Overhauser effects observed on irradiation of slowly
      exchanging amide protons. Phe-25 was found to be involved in hydrophobic
      interactions with Ile/Val-42, Ala-46 and Ile-58 in As b and As c, and with Ala-46
      and Val-58 in Aa b. These hydrophobic interactions, instead of the hydrogen bond
      between Tyr-25 and Glu-42 found in other neurotoxins, appear to be important for
      maintenance of the biologically active tertiary structure. The pH dependency of
      the chemical shift and intensity of the Trp-72 N-1 proton resonance of As b
      indicates that the indole ring is not fully exposed to the solvent and that the
      extra tail segment of this long neurotoxin interacts with the main part of the
      molecule.

PMID- 3711043
TI  - Isolation and partial characterization of a very long-chain fatty acid
      desaturation system from the cytosol of Mycobacterium smegmatis.
AB  - The supernatant fraction after 105,000 X g centrifugation of an extract of
      sonically disrupted cells of Mycobacterium smegmatis catalyzed the desaturation
      of lignoceroyl-CoA to a delta15-monounsaturated derivative in the presence of
      molecular oxygen and NADPH. This desaturation system was separated by ammonium
      sulfate fractionation, gel filtration, DEAE-cellulose column chromatographies,
      and affinity column chromatography on immobilized dye, into three components; a
      NADPH-oxidase, a ferredoxin-containing fraction and a desaturase, all of which
      were required for the reconstituted desaturation system for lignoceroyl-CoA. This
      system was inhibited by FMN and ferrous ions but not by KCN. All of these
      features clearly distinguish this system from the previously known fatty acid
      desaturation systems of various origins.

PMID- 3711044
TI  - Conformational changes of papain induced on interaction with thiol proteinase
      inhibitors from newborn rat epidermis.
AB  - The conformational changes of the papain molecular on interaction with two thiol
      proteinase inhibitors (TPI(1) and TPI(2] from newborn rat epidermis were studied
      by measuring circular dichroism (CD), the difference absorption spectrum, and the
      fluorescence spectrum due to tryptophan residues in papain. The far-ultraviolet
      CD band of papain between 210 and 230 nm was distinctly reduced on interaction
      with both inhibitors. Also, the near-ultraviolet CD spectrum of TPI(1)-bound
      papain changed between 285 and 320 nm as well as that of the TPI(2)-bound enzyme.
      The difference absorption spectrum for TPI(1)-bound papain exhibited two distinct
      peaks at 276.5 and 282 nm, indicating perturbation of aromatic amino acid
      residues. The fluorescence intensity of papain was significantly decreased on
      interaction with both inhibitors, which showed pH-dependency on an ionizable
      group, with pK values of 8.5 and 7.9 for TPI(1) and TPI(2), respectively. The
      complex formation of papain with both inhibitors caused a reduction of the
      susceptibility of a tryptophan residue, probably tryptophan-177, to chemical
      modification with N-bromosuccinimide. These results suggest that the active site
      involving histidine-159 in the papain molecule was much influenced by the
      alteration of the microenvironment of tryptophan-177 as a part of the interaction
      site for these two thiol proteinase inhibitors.

PMID- 3711045
TI  - Charges on proteins and distances of electron transfer in metalloprotein redox
      reactions.
AB  - A modified form of the Debye-Marcus equation relating electron transfer rate
      constants to charges on proteins and distances of electron transfer has been
      applied to the reaction of chemically modified cytochrome f, in which positively
      charged amino groups are replaced with negatively charged carboxyl groups. The
      rate of electron transfer from reduced cytochrome f to ferricyanide decreased
      with increasing ionic strength when the native and singly substituted cytochrome
      f were used, although a sharp decrease was observed in the former case. When
      doubly or more than triply substituted cytochrome f was used, the rate of
      electron transfer was almost constant or increased with increasing ionic
      strength, respectively. The kinetic-ionic strength effects on this reaction can
      be well explained by the Debye-Marcus equation in which the charge and radius of
      the protein are treated as variable parameters. The results show the importance
      of local positive charges of about 2.0 on native cytochrome f and effective
      radius of about 11 A of cytochrome f for the electron transfer to ferricyanide.
      Since the net charge on the native cytochrome f is negative and the calculated
      radius of the protein is 22.8 A, the above results indicate that positive charges
      on the electron transfer site control the electrostatic interactions in this
      reaction. Previously reported data which had been analyzed by using the total net
      charge and full radius of the protein, were also well explained by the local
      charge and effective radius of the protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3711046
TI  - Three molecular forms of a rat asialoglycoprotein receptor.
AB  - It has been reported that a rat asialoglycoprotein receptor is composed of three
      polypeptide chains with molecular masses of 43, 54, and 64 kilodaltons (43, 54,
      and 64-Kd forms) and that the first has a different primary structure from the
      latter two forms. Incorporation of [3H]leucine into these forms showed that no
      precursor-product relationship is found between the 54-Kd and 64-Kd forms. The
      half-life of the 43-Kd form (25 h) was shorter than those of the 54-Kd and 64-Kd
      forms (66 and 70 h, respectively). Glycopeptides of the three forms were prepared
      from rat livers previously labeled in vivo with [3H]glucosamine. Gel filtration
      analysis of the glycopeptides before and after endo H treatment revealed that
      they were all resistant to endo H. Alkali treatment did not change the elution
      position appreciately. These results indicate that the three molecular forms
      contained only complex oligosaccharide chains. The receptor was prepared from rat
      livers previously treated with tunicamycin in vivo and subjected to SDS-PAGE. A
      distinct band with a molecular mass of 33 Kd was observed. The receptor was also
      immunoprecipitated from rat hepatocytes in primary culture previously labeled
      with [35S]methionine and analysed by SDS-PAGE and fluorography. In addition to
      the major 43-Kd form, a band with a molecular mass of 41 Kd was found and
      tunicamycin treatment gave rise to a 33-Kd component, which is in good agreement
      with the receptor purified from tunicamycin treated rats. It is suggested that
      the 43-Kd form is synthesized as a 33 Kd polypeptide, cotranslationally
      glycosylated to form the 41 Kd component and then processed to the final 43-Kd
      form. We also think that the 43-Kd form could bind to asialoorosomucoid-Sepharose
      4B without its carbohydrate chains.

PMID- 3711047
TI  - Biosynthesis and secretion of amyloid P component in rat liver.
AB  - Amyloid P component was isolated from rat liver and serum; its properties,
      biosynthesis, and glycosylation in the liver were investigated. The molecular
      weights of intracellular and serum amyloid P component were estimated to be
      28,000 and 30,500, respectively. The two forms were immunologically identical,
      and kinetic study revealed a clear precursor-product relationship between them.
      The total mRNA was prepared from rat liver with or without turpentine treatment,
      and the RNA content of amyloid P component was estimated by the incorporation of
      [35S]methionine into the in vitro translation products. The turpentine treatment
      induced a marked increase in the level of translatable mRNA of the amyloid P
      component (approximately 46 fold), while the serum level of the protein elevated
      only moderately (approximately 1.7 fold). Most of the intracellular amyloid P
      component was sensitive to endo H. Various subcellular fractions were prepared
      from rat livers previously labeled in vivo with [35S]methionine. The protein
      prepared from the rough and smooth microsomes and heavy Golgi fraction were all
      sensitive to endo H, whereas that from the light Golgi fraction was a mixture of
      forms sensitive to and resistant to endo H. This result suggests that the
      processing of the mannosyl oligosaccharide chains and the subsequent addition of
      terminal sugars to convert the liver amyloid P component (28,000 daltons) to
      serum counterpart (30,500 daltons) were performed in the trans-Golgi region just
      before secretion of the amyloid P component.

PMID- 3711048
TI  - Acceptor proteins for (ADP-ribose)n in the HeLa S3 cell cycle.
AB  - The acceptor proteins for (ADP-ribose)n were investigated by using nuclei or
      chromosomes isolated from specific phases of the cell cycle of HeLa S3 cells.
      Analysis of HMG proteins and histone H1 by acetic acid/urea polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis demonstrated that the (ADP-ribosyl)n-ation of HMG 14 and 17 and
      histone H1 increased by 12- and 5-fold, respectively, in the metaphase
      chromosomes as compared with that in the G1 phase cell nuclei. The degree of (ADP
      ribosyl)n-ation of these proteins in the S phase cell nuclei was as low as that
      in G1 phase cell nuclei. In the G2 phase cell nuclei, the degrees of (ADP
      ribosyl)n-ation of HMG 14 and 17 and histone H1 were about 5- and 2-fold greater,
      respectively, as compared with that in the G1 phase cell nuclei. The (ADP
      ribosyl)n-ation of HMG 1 and 2 was constant through the cell cycle except for a
      slight decrease in the S phase. The data may imply that the (ADP-ribosyl)n-ation
      of HMG 14 and 17 and histone H1 is linked to chromatin structural changes in
      mitosis.

PMID- 3711049
TI  - Many isoforms of fast muscle troponin T from chicken legs.
AB  - Troponin T from fast muscle of chicken legs was found to be composed of about 40
      kinds of isoforms by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in
      conjunction with immunoblotting tests with an antiserum to chicken breast muscle
      troponin T. Almost all of the isoforms were found in the myofibril preparation
      and troponin preparation from the leg muscle, and they showed complex-forming
      ability with troponin I and troponin C. These isoforms existed in most of the
      fast muscle except pectoralis and posterior latissimus dorsi muscles, and they
      changed in composition during development. The breast muscle troponin T also
      showed different types of isoforms in the period soon after hatching. Since
      proteolysis was completely inhibited during two-dimensional gel electrophoresis
      and since the many isoforms were observed consistently in various muscles of
      chicken leg, they are most probably products of mRNAs generated by differential
      gene splicing.

PMID- 3711050
TI  - Effect of pyridoxine-deficiency on the turnover of aspartate aminotransferase
      isozymes in rat liver.
AB  - DL-[14C]Leucine or L-[3H]leucine was injected intraperitoneally into pyridoxine
      deficient and control rats, and the subsequent incorporation of the
      radioactivities into aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT) isozymes and the total
      soluble protein in the liver was measured. AspAT in the cytosol (AspATc) was
      separated into 3 subfractions with different characteristics on chromatofocusing.
      The results showed that in the liver of pyridoxine-deficient rats, the syntheses
      of all 3 subfractions of AspATc and degradation of AspATc (total) were increased,
      but that the syntheses and degradation of the total soluble protein and
      mitochondrial AspAT (AspATm) were not much different from those in control rats.
      The half-lives of soluble protein and AspATm were calculated to be 3.26-3.72 and
      5.02-6.67 days, respectively, in both groups, and that of AspATc in control liver
      was found to be 4.78 days. The rate of degradation of AspATc in pyridoxine
      deficient rat liver could not be calculated, because its kinetics were very
      complicated; there were apparently at least 2 components with different rates of
      degradation. Thus pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) apparently affects both the
      synthesis and degradation of AspATc, but does not affect the turnover of AspATm
      in rat liver.

PMID- 3711051
TI  - Distribution of 8 alpha-hydroxyriboflavin in rat organs.
AB  - From a survey of flavin compounds using a high performance liquid chromatograph
      equipped with a fluorescence detector, 8 alpha-hydroxyriboflavin, its derivative,
      riboflavin, FMN, and FAD were found in rat organs. The derivative of 8 alpha
      hydroxyriboflavin was purified from the kidney sequentially by DEAE column
      chromatography, paper chromatography, and high performance liquid chromatography,
      and was determined to be 8 alpha-hydroxyriboflavin 5'-phosphate. The amount of 8
      alpha-hydroxyriboflavin in the brain, heart, liver, and kidney of the rat was
      calculated to be 0.010, 0.026, 0.172, and 0.103 nmol per g of wet tissue,
      respectively. The amount of 8 alpha-hydroxyriboflavin 5'-phosphate in the brain,
      heart, and liver was less than 0.002 nmol, while that in the kidney was 0.330
      nmol, per g of wet tissue. On the other hand, we could not detect 7 alpha
      hydroxyriboflavin in the organ extracts, even though it was excreted into human
      urine along with 8 alpha-hydroxyriboflavin. This is the first reported occurrence
      of 8 alpha-hydroxyriboflavin and 8 alpha-hydroxyriboflavin 5'-phosphate in higher
      animal organs.

PMID- 3711052
TI  - Purification and properties of nitrate reductase from Mitsuokella multiacidus.
AB  - Nitrate reductase of Mitsuokella multiacidus (formerly Bacteroides multiacidus)
      was solublized from the membrane fraction with 1% sodium deoxycholate and
      purified 40-fold by immunoaffinity chromatography on the antibody-Affi-Gel 10
      column. The preparation showed a major band (86% of total protein) with enzyme
      activity and a minor band on polyacrylamide gel after disc electrophoresis in the
      presence of 0.1% Triton X-100. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis gave a major band, the relative mobility of which corresponded to
      a molecular weight of 160,000, and two minor bands. The molecular weight of the
      enzyme was determined to be 160,000 by gel filtration on Bio-Gel A-1.5 m in the
      presence of 0.1% deoxycholate. Molybdenum cofactor was detected in the enzyme by
      fluorescence spectroscopy and by complementation of nitrate reductase from the
      nit-1 mutant of Neurospora crassa. The M. multiacidus enzyme catalyzed reduction
      of nitrate, chlorate, and bromate using methyl viologen as an electron donor. The
      maximal activity was found at pH 6.2-7.5 for nitrate reduction. Either methyl or
      benzyl viologen served well as the electron donor, but FAD, FMN, and horse heart
      cytochrome c were not effective. Ferredoxin from Clostridium pasteurianum
      supplied electron to the nitrate reductase. The purified enzyme had Km values of
      0.13 mM, 0.12 mM, and 0.22 mM for nitrate, methyl viologen, and ferredoxin,
      respectively. The enzyme activity was inhibited by cyanide (85% at 1 mM), azide
      (88% at 0.1 mM), and thiocyanate (75% at 10 mM).

PMID- 3711053
TI  - Effect of ionic strength on chain elongation in ADP-ribosylation of various
      nucleases.
AB  - With the use of a reconstituted poly(ADP-ribosyl)ating enzyme system and three
      purified nucleases, micrococcal nuclease (MN), bull seminal RNase (BS RNase) and
      Ca2+, Mg2+-dependent endonuclease (BS DNase), as model acceptor proteins for ADP
      ribose, the effect of ionic strength on the modification reaction was examined in
      detail. When these three nucleases were extensively poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated in this
      system at a low ionic strength (5 mM Tris), they were all inhibited by about 80%
      and the chain length of the polymer covalently bound to the nucleases was 13 to
      23 ADP-ribose units. The observed inhibition was markedly prevented by increasing
      the ionic strength in the reaction mixture with a concomitant decrease in the
      polymer size bound to the nucleases. The NaCl concentrations required for
      decreasing the extent of the inhibition to half of the maximum were calculated to
      be 20, 50, and 100 mM for MN, BS RNase, and BS DNase, respectively. These values
      are similar to the NaCl concentrations required for decreasing the average chain
      lengths of the polymer to half, suggesting that the length of polymer is closely
      correlated to the extent of inhibition of these nucleases. DNA-binding affinities
      of these nucleases, expressed in terms of the NaCl concentrations required for
      eluting the enzymes from DNA-cellulose, were 140, 280, and 340 mM for MN, BS
      RNase, and BS DNase, respectively. Considering that maintainance of a ternary
      complex of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase, acceptor and DNA may be essential for the
      modification reaction, the relatively strong salt effect observed in the
      modification of MN may be explained by its low DNA-binding affinity.

PMID- 3711054
TI  - Hormone dependency of transformation of rat liver glucocorticoid receptor in
      vitro: effects of heat, salt, and nucleotides.
AB  - A majority of the untransformed glucocorticoid-receptor complexes (GRc) from rat
      liver cytosol sedimented in the 9S region in 5-20% sucrose gradients containing
      0.15 M KCl and 20 mM Na2MoO4. Incubation of the cytosol at 23 degrees C, or at 0
      degree C with 10 mM ATP or 0.3 M KCl caused appearance of a slower migrating (4S)
      form which exhibited an increased affinity toward DNA-cellulose and ATP
      Sepharose. Presence of 20 mM Na2MoO4 blocked this 9S to 4S transformation of GRc.
      A complete conversion of the 9S to the 4S form occurred upon a 2 h incubation of
      GRc with 10 mM ATP at 0 degree C. Other nucleoside triphosphates (GTP, CTP, and
      UTP), ADP and PPi (but not AMP or cAMP) were also effective in transforming the
      9S form. The heat transformation occurred in a time-dependent manner and was
      complete within 1 h at 23 degrees C; presence of 10 mM ATP during this 23 degrees
      C incubation period allowed a complete 9S to 4S alteration in 10-20 min. Addition
      of ATP also accelerated the rate of salt activation of the GRc; a 50% conversion
      to the 4S form occurred in 20 min or 3 min in the absence or the presence of 10
      mM ATP during the 0 degree C incubation of GRc with 0.15 M KCl. An absolute
      requirement of the hormone for 9S to 4S transformation of glucocorticoid receptor
      (GR) was evident, as no conversion of the 9S form to the 4S form could be
      achieved with the ligand-free GR under any of the above conditions. Incubation of
      cytosol preparations at 23 degrees C or at 0 degree C with KCl or ATP caused
      dissociation of the GRc and reduced the steroid binding capacity of GR. Although
      aurintricarboxylic acid, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, Na2MoO4, Na2WO4, o
      phenanthroline, Rifamycin AF/013 and heparin inhibited the ATP-Sepharose and DNA
      binding of the GRc, only Na2MoO4 and Na2WO4 selectively blocked the 9S to 4S
      conversion. We suggest that the 9S to 4S transformation in vitro of rat liver GRc
      represents an acquisition of DNA and ATP-Sepharose binding ability and may
      involve a separation of subunits from an oligomeric receptor structure.

PMID- 3711055
TI  - Evidence for involvement of tryptophan residue in the low-affinity saccharide
      binding site of ricin D.
AB  - The nature of the saccharide-binding site of ricin D, which is a galactose- and N
      acetylgalactosamine-specific lectin, was studied by chemical modification and
      spectroscopy. With excitation at 290 nm, ricin D displayed a fluorescence
      spectrum with a maximum at 335 nm. Upon binding of the specific saccharides, the
      spectrum shifted to shorter wavelength by 3 nm. However, binding of galactosamine
      and N-acetylgalactosamine failed to induce such a change in the fluorescence
      spectrum. The interaction of ricin D with its specific saccharides was analyzed
      in terms of the variation of the intensity at 320 nm as a function of saccharide
      concentration. The results indicate that the change in the fluorescence spectrum
      induced by saccharide binding is attributable to the binding of saccharide to the
      low-affinity (LA-) binding site of ricin D. The cytoagglutinating activity of
      ricin D decreased to 2% upon modification of two tryptophan residues/mol with N
      bromosuccinimide at pH 4.0, but in the presence of galactose or lactose one
      tryptophan residue/mol remained unmodified, and a fairly high cytoagglutinating
      activity was retained. Galactosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine did not show such
      a protective effect. Spectroscopic analyses indicate that the decrease in the
      cytoagglutinating activity of ricin D upon tryptophan modification is principally
      due to the loss of the saccharide binding activity of the LA-binding site. The
      results suggest that one tryptophan residue is essential for saccharide binding
      at the LA-binding site, which can bind galactose and lactose but lacks the
      ability to bind N-acetylgalactosamine and galactosamine.

PMID- 3711056
TI  - Ultraviolet difference spectroscopic studies on the saccharide-binding properties
      of Abrus precatorius agglutinin.
AB  - The nature of the binding of specific saccharides to Abrus precatorius agglutinin
      (APA) was studied by ultraviolet difference spectroscopy. Upon binding of
      saccharides, APA displayed difference spectra with maxima at 291-292 nm and 284
      285 nm. Such spectra suggest that the state of the tryptophan residue closely
      associated with the saccharide-binding activity of APA is perturbed by the
      binding of a saccharide. The difference spectra value (delta epsilon) increased
      with increasing saccharide concentration. From the increase in delta epsilon at
      291-292 nm, the association constant (Ka) was obtained for the binding of
      individual saccharides to APA. Lactose bound to APA with the highest affinity
      among the saccharides examined and its Ka value (8.3 X 10(3) M-1 at pH 7.0 and 25
      degrees C) was approximately four times as large as that of galactose (2.2 X
      10(3) M-1). Raffinose and methyl beta-galactopyranoside showed larger association
      constants than galactose. Galactosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine and 2-deoxy
      galactose were found to bind with APA with fairly low affinity. The shape of the
      lactose-induced difference spectrum changed with pH and the spectrum in the
      acidic region showed characteristic broadening of the difference maximum peaks.
      The affinity of lactose to APA was nearly equal in the range of pH 6-8, but
      decreased outside this pH region and with increasing temperature.

PMID- 3711057
TI  - X-ray scattering study on hemoglobin solution with synchrotron radiation: a
      simple analysis of scattering profile at moderate angles in terms of arrangement
      of subunits.
AB  - X-ray scattering profiles in moderate-angle regions were recorded from carbon
      monoxy-, oxy-, and deoxyhemoglobin solutions, using synchrotron radiation. They
      all display four distinct scattering peaks at R = 0.030, 0.055, 0.078, and 0.102
      A-1 up to 2 theta approximately 10 degrees in addition to the main scattering
      around R approximately equal to 0. Contrast variation experiments, in which
      sucrose was used to change the electron density level of the solvent, revealed
      that the outer two scattering peaks are attributable to the variation of electron
      density within subunits in hemoglobin. The inner two were assigned as peaks due
      to the whole molecule and interpreted in terms of an interference function that
      is calculated from the inter-subunit distances in a molecule. This result is
      important in connection with evaluating the arrangement of constituent subunits
      in allosteric proteins and oligomeric proteins. The scattering profiles indicate
      that there is no difference in electron density variation within subunits between
      oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin. However, the arrangement of subunits is different
      between oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin molecules, as the scattering peaks at R = 0.030
      and 0.055 A-1 shift toward smaller angles for deoxyhemoglobin.

PMID- 3711058
TI  - Purification and properties of pyruvate kinase from Bacillus stearothermophilus.
AB  - Pyruvate kinase was purified to homogeneity from a moderate thermophile, Bacillus
      stearothermophilus. The molecular weight of the enzyme was found to be 250,000 on
      gel filtration and 242,000 on sedimentation analysis. The enzyme consisted of
      four identical subunits of a molecular weight of 62,000-64,000. There were no
      remarkable differences between the thermophilic enzyme and mesophilic enzymes in
      amino acid composition, secondary structure, mono- and di-valent cation
      requirements for activity or specificity for nucleoside diphosphates. But the
      thermophilic enzyme was stable at high temperature and for a longer period of
      storage at lower temperature. Its specific activity was relatively high even at a
      low temperature (30 degrees C). The enzyme exhibited homotropic positive
      cooperativity for phosphoenol-pyruvate, but not for ADP. It was allosterically
      activated by AMP, ribose 5-phosphate and nucleoside monophosphates, but not by
      fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. Activation by AMP and ribose 5-phosphate, and
      inhibition by inorganic phosphate were also observed even at the physiological
      temperature (60 degrees C) for the thermophile.

PMID- 3711059
TI  - The complete nucleotide sequence of the group II RNA coliphage GA.
AB  - The complete nucleotide sequence of the RNA coliphage GA, a group II phage, is
      presented. The entire genome comprises 3466 bases. Three large open reading
      frames were identified, which correspond to the maturation protein gene (390
      amino acids), the coat protein gene (129 amino acids) and the replicase beta
      subunit protein gene (531 amino acids). In addition, untranslated regions occur
      at the 5' (135 bases) and 3' (122 bases) ends of the molecule. Two intercistronic
      untranslated regions occur between the cistrons for the maturation and coat
      proteins, and between the coat and beta-subunit proteins. We have compared the
      nucleotide sequence of GA RNA with the published sequence of MS2 RNA, and show
      that they are related. The comparative structures of two important regulatory
      regions are presented; the coat protein binding site which is involved in
      translational repression of the replicase beta-subunit protein gene, and a
      hairpin in a region proximal to the lysis protein gene.

PMID- 3711060
TI  - Ca2+-induced alteration in the unfolding behavior of alpha-lactalbumin.
AB  - Comparative studies of the unfolding equilibria of two homologous proteins,
      bovine alpha-lactalbumin and hen lysozyme, induced by treatment with guanidine
      hydrochloride have been made by analysis of the peptide and the aromatic circular
      dichroism spectra. The effect of the specific binding of Ca2+ ion by the former
      protein was taken into account in interpreting the unfolding equilibria of the
      protein. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of alpha-lactalbumin were also
      measured for the purpose of characterizing an intermediate structural state of
      the protein. In previous studies, alpha-lactalbumin was shown to be an
      exceptional protein whose equilibrium unfolding does not obey the two-state model
      of unfolding, although lysozyme is known to follow the two-state unfolding
      mechanism. The present results show that the apparent unfolding behavior of alpha
      lactalbumin depends on Ca2+ concentration. At a low concentration of Ca2+, alpha
      lactalbumin unfolds with a stable intermediate that has unfolded tertiary
      structure, as evidenced by the featureless nuclear magnetic resonance and
      aromatic circular dichroism spectra, but has folded secondary structure as
      evidenced by the peptide circular dichroism spectra. However, in the presence of
      a sufficiently high concentration of Ca2+, the unfolding transition of alpha
      lactalbumin resembles that of lysozyme. The transition occurs between the two
      states, the native and the fully unfolded states, and the cooperativity of the
      unfolding is essentially the same as that of lysozyme. Such a change in the
      apparent unfolding behavior evidently results from an increase in the stability
      of the native state relative to that of the intermediate induced by the specific
      Ca2+ binding to native alpha-lactalbumin. The results are useful for
      understanding the relationship between the protein stability and the apparent
      unfolding behavior.

PMID- 3711061
TI  - Structures of oligomannoside chains of alpha-mannosidase from porcine kidney.
AB  - Lysosomal acid alpha-mannosidase from porcine kidney was found to contain mannose
      (4.8%), galactose (0.9%), fucose (0.5%), N-acetylglucosamine (3.1%), and mannose
      6-phosphate (0.1%). Approximately 50% of the total hexose of the oligosaccharide
      chains could be released by endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase-H (endo-H). They
      were predominantly neutral, oligomannoside-type oligosaccharides containing 5, 6,
      and 9 mannose residues, respectively, in the centesimal ratio of 36:25:34. 500
      MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy in conjunction with sequential exoglycosidase digestion
      of the reduced compounds revealed that each of the three fractions consisted of a
      single isomer only; the Man9 compound has the following structure: (Formula: see
      tex). The Man6-compound lacks Man residues D1, D2, and D3, while the Man5
      compound lacks Man-C as well. In addition to the neutral ones, some (5%)
      phosphorylated oligomannoside-type oligosaccharides were obtained. The endo-H
      resistant glycopeptides were subjected to hydrazinolysis. Approximately 60% of
      the oligosaccharides released by hydrazine were found to be of rather small size;
      their composition can be represented asMan2-3GlcNAc[Fuc]0-1GlcNAcol. The
      remaining 40% consist of larger-size galactose-containing, N-acetyllactosamine
      type oligosaccharides. Studies involving sequential exoglycosidase digestion and
      500-MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy performed on the highly purified small-sized
      compounds revealed the following four structures for the endo-H-resistant
      oligosaccharides: (Formula: see text).

PMID- 3711062
TI  - Preparation of high capacity affinity adsorbents using new hydrazino-carriers and
      their use for low and high performance affinity chromatography of lectins.
AB  - Two kinds of carriers with high concentrations of hydrazino groups were prepared
      by simple and convenient procedures. Hydrazino-carriers (I) and (II) were
      obtained on incubation of epoxy-activated carriers with hydrazine hydrate and
      adipic acid dihydrazide, respectively. Disaccharides were coupled to the
      hydrazino carriers through reductive amination in the presence of sodium
      cyanoborohydride. The reaction time was much shorter (24 h) than that in the case
      of the method involving amino-Sepharose 6B (800 h) [Matsumoto, I., Kitagaki, H.,
      Akai, Y., Ito, Y., & Seno, N. (1981) Anal. Biochem. 116, 103-110]. The glycamyl
      Sepharose thus obtained showed high adsorption capacities for lectins. Glycamyl
      TSKgel G3000 PW obtained by the same method with TSKgel G3000 PW, which is a
      hydrophobic vinyl polymer matrix for high performance gel permeation liquid
      chromatography, could be successfully used for the high performance liquid
      affinity chromatography of lectins. N-Acetylglutamic acid was coupled to
      hydrazino-Sepharose 4B (I) in the presence of N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2
      dihydroquinoline. The adsorbent obtained was used for the affinity chromatography
      of Japanese horseshoe crab lectin.

PMID- 3711063
TI  - Structure of asparagine-linked sugar chains in the major polypeptide of hepatitis
      B surface antigen.
AB  - Asparagine-linked sugar chains were quantitatively released from hepatitis B
      surface antigen on hydrazinolysis followed by N-acetylation and NaB3H4 reduction.
      The released oligosaccharides were composed of two major sialylated components
      and a trace of a neutral component. From the results of the combination of
      sequential exoglycosidase digestion and methylation analysis, the structures of
      the acidic and the neutral components were deduced to be NeuAc alpha 2----6Gal
      beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----2Man alpha 1----3(+/- NeuAc alpha 2----6Gal beta 1---
      4GlcNAc beta 1----2Man alpha 1----6)Man beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----4GlcNAcOT and
      Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----2Man alpha 1----3(Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1---
      2Man alpha 1----6)Man beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----4GlcNAcOT, respectively.

PMID- 3711064
TI  - Measurement of thromboxane A2-induced elevation of ionized calcium in collagen
      stimulated platelets with the photoprotein, aequorin.
AB  - Using aequorin-loaded rat platelets stimulated with collagen, we found two phases
      of Ca2+ mobilization, one coinciding with a shape change and the other with
      aggregation, which have not yet been detected in quin2-loaded platelets. U46619,
      a stable analogue of prostaglandin H2, induced only a shape change and a
      concomitant rapid rise in the cytoplasmic ionized calcium concentration
      ([Cai2+]). However, upon addition of U46619 to platelets previously stimulated
      with collagen in the presence of indomethacin, a rapid increase in [Cai2+] and a
      shape change occurred, and, after about 1 min, second increase in [Cai2+] and
      aggregation occurred. The actions of U46619 were inhibited by an antagonist for
      the thromboxane A2 (TXA2) receptor. These results suggest that the collagen
      induced shape change is initiated by TXA2-induced Ca2+ mobilization, and
      aggregation is induced by the secondary Ca2+ mobilization induced by TXA2 and the
      occupation of the receptor by collagen.

PMID- 3711065
TI  - Inhibitory effects of various synthetic substrates for aminopeptidases on
      phagocytosis of immune complexes by macrophages.
AB  - The inhibitory effects of various 7-(aminoacyl)-4-methylcoumarinylamides (AA
      MCA's), synthetic substrates for aminopeptidases, on phagocytosis of immune
      complexes by guinea pig peritoneal macrophages were investigated by measuring the
      intracellular uptake of sensitized 51Cr-sheep erythrocytes and 125I-alpha-amylase
      complexed with homologous IgG2 antibody. Among the AA-MCA's examined, MCA
      compounds of hydrophobic amino acids (Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Pro) were found to
      inhibit the intracellular uptake and digestion of immune complexes. Sucrose
      density gradient centrifugation of the homogenates of macrophages treated with
      the inhibitors for 1 h at 37 degrees C showed that they modulated the lysosomes,
      resulting in a decrease in buoyant density of the organella. These effects of the
      inhibitors on the buoyant density of the lysosomes as well as on the phagocytic
      activity of macrophages disappeared upon removal of the inhibitors from the cells
      by washing. Since none of 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin, L-phenylalanine, and bestatin
      methyl ester could significantly inhibit the phagocytosis of immune complexes by
      macrophages, the MCA compounds of hydrophobic amino acids appear to inhibit the
      phagocytosis as a consequence of their lysosomotropic nature.

PMID- 3711066
TI  - Stereochemistry of 2,3-alkanediols obtained from the Harderian gland of Mongolian
      gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus).
AB  - The stereochemistry of the alcohol moieties of 2,3-alkanediol diacyl esters
      obtained from the Harderian gland of the Mongolian gerbil was investigated. There
      were five major 2,3-alkanediols, C14-C22 (even carbon numbers), all having the
      erythro configuration as determined by GC-MS analysis of their isopropylidene
      derivatives in comparison with synthetic erythro- and threo-2,3-hexadecanediols.
      13C-NMR spectroscopy of the synthetic materials showed distinct differences of
      chemical shift at the C-1, C-3, and C-4 carbons, from which the native 2,3
      alkanediols were definitely determined to be in the erythro series. The absolute
      configurations of the C-2 and C-3 asymmetric centers were assigned as 2S and 3R,
      respectively, based on known 2S,3R-octanediol.

PMID- 3711067
TI  - Changes in CoA pools in hepatic peroxisomes of the rat under various conditions.
AB  - Changes in peroxisomal CoA pools in the liver of fasted, diabetic, high-fat diet
      fed and clofibrate-treated rats were studied. Total-CoA increased slightly in the
      fasted group and markedly in the diabetic, high-fat and clofibrate-treated
      groups. Fractionation studies showed that changes in free CoA levels were much
      greater in peroxisomes than in mitochondria. The concentrations of CoAs were
      calculated from the contents of CoAs in organelles and the changes in volume of
      organelles under these conditions; the concentration of total CoA in peroxisomes
      was higher than that in cytosol, but lower than that in mitochondria. These
      changes were accompanied by an increase in the activity of peroxisomal beta
      oxidation. The results obtained from these experiments indicate that the
      peroxisomal beta-oxidation system is controlled not only at the enzyme level but
      also at the substrate or co-factor level.

PMID- 3711068
TI  - Characterization of nuclear matrix from cultured normal human fibroblasts.
AB  - Nuclear matrix was isolated from cultured human fibroblasts by extraction of
      nuclei with 2 M NaCl. Electron microscopic observation on the isolated nuclear
      matrix revealed a fine network structure. The matrix fraction contained
      approximately 15% of total nuclear DNA and the matrix DNA was about 3- to 4-fold
      enriched in transcriptionally active collagen I (alpha 2) gene sequences, whereas
      transcriptionally inactive beta-globin gene sequences were not enriched. The
      nuclear matrix contained two major proteins of 65,000 and 45,000 daltons (pI 5.9
      and 5.6, respectively). The DNA-binding activity of these nuclear matrix proteins
      was examined by Western blotting or by nitrocellulose filter-binding assay using
      cloned specific gene probes. The results suggest that there is no base sequence
      specificity in the binding, and that protein species of 60,000 to 200,000 daltons
      showed DNA-binding activity. These results indicate that association of
      transcribing genes with the nuclear matrix may reflect the functional state of
      the genes and may not be determined solely by the base sequence specificity of
      DNA binding. The nuclear matrix protein of 65,000 daltons was phosphorylated in
      vivo, and was the main substrate for protein kinase(s) associated with the
      nuclear matrix.

PMID- 3711069
TI  - Limited digestion of calmodulin with trypsin in the presence or absence of
      various metal ions.
AB  - The limited proteolysis of bovine brain calmodulin with trypsin in the presence
      or absence of various metal ions was reinvestigated in detail by HPLC. With metal
      ion-free calmodulin, limited proteolysis occurred at Arg 37 and Arg 106 with a
      cleavage ratio of 1 to 5, resulting in fragments consisting of residues 1-37, 38
      148, 1-106 and 107-148. Fragments 1-37 and 107-148 accumulated under metal ion
      free conditions. In the presence of calcium ions, the susceptibility of these
      sites to trypsin decreased and limited proteolysis occurred at Lys 77 as already
      reported by other workers. Fragment 78-148 accumulated, whereas fragment 1-77 was
      unstable under calcium-bound conditions, giving smaller peptides. Upon binding of
      manganese ions, calmodulin underwent a change of susceptibility to trypsin,
      resulting in cleavage at Lys 77, as observed for calcium-bound calmodulin. In the
      presence of zinc or magnesium ions, calmodulin was cleaved at the same sites as
      metal ion-free calmodulin under conditions where calmodulin would be expected to
      bind the respective ions.

PMID- 3711070
TI  - Affinity chromatography of peptidylarginine deiminase from rabbit skeletal muscle
      on a column of soybean trypsin inhibitor (Kunitz)-Sepharose.
AB  - We designed a simple procedure for the purification of peptidylarginine
      deiminase, which catalyzes the deimination of arginyl residues in protein, from
      rabbit skeletal muscle using substrate affinity chromatography. Of the
      immobilized substrate ligands tested, i.e. protamine and soybean trypsin
      inhibitor (Kunitz) (STI), STI-Sepharose was found to be an effective affinity
      adsorbent for purification of the enzyme. The specific binding of
      peptidylarginine deiminase to STI-Sepharose was observed in the presence of
      calcium ion, and the enzyme could be selectively eluted from the affinity
      adsorbent by washing with chelator. A 1,800-fold purification with a 50% yield
      was achieved in the three-step procedure, which involved DEAE-Sephacel ion
      exchange and STI-Sepharose affinity chromatography. The purified enzyme was
      homogeneous on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The
      specific activity and the recovery were considerably higher than have been
      obtained by any procedures previously reported. The specific interaction of
      peptidylarginine deiminase with STI immobilized on Sepharose was also
      investigated quantitatively by frontal affinity chromatography. In this method, a
      peptidylarginine deiminase solution was applied continuously to an STI-Sepharose
      column and the retardation of the elution front was measured as a parameter of
      the strength of the interaction. The dissociation constant for the enzyme with
      STI was found to be 2.3 X 10(-7)M. This value was in good agreement with that
      obtained by kinetic analysis in our previous studies. Peptidylarginine deiminase
      required millimolar Ca2+ for the binding to STI-Sepharose. The Ca2+ dependence of
      the enzyme binding was quite similar to that of the enzymatic activity.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3711071
TI  - Sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis studies of connectin-like high
      molecular weight proteins of various types of vertebrate and invertebrate
      muscles.
AB  - Using an SDS gel electrophoresis method, connectin, very high molecular weight
      (approximately 10(6) dalton) protein, was detected in an SDS extract of whole
      tissues of various types of muscles of vertebrates and invertebrates. Connectin
      bands were clearly recognized in all the types of striated muscles (skeletal and
      cardiac) of the vertebrates examined: rabbit, chicken, turtle, snake, newt, frog,
      and fish. This was also the case with skeletal muscle of prochordate, Amphioxus.
      In invertebrates, the situation was much complicated. Connectin-like protein
      bands were detected in C. elegans (nematode), but not in earthworm (annelid).
      Smaller sizes of proteins (approximately 10(6)) were faintly found in molluscan
      adductor muscles. In arthropods, connectin-like proteins were clearly detected in
      some muscles (e.g., claw muscles of crab and crayfish; leg muscles of several
      insects) but not at all in other muscles (e.g., tail muscles of crayfish and
      shrimp; thoracic muscles of some insects). These peculiar observations might be
      related to the presence of such specific elastic proteins as projectin in
      honeybee flight muscle. The present study has revealed that connectin is an
      elastic protein of vertebrate striated muscle, skeletal and cardiac muscles.

PMID- 3711072
TI  - Specific carbodiimide-binding mechanism for the selective modification of the
      aspartic acid-101 residue of lysozyme in the carbodiimide-amine reaction.
AB  - A mechanism for the selective modification of Asp-101 in hen egg-white lysozyme
      with an amine nucleophile catalyzed by 1-ethyl-3-[3
      (dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) was investigated using
      ethanolamine as a nucleophile at pH 5.0 and room temperature. In the presence of
      N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (NAG) and its oligomers [(NAG)n, n = 2 and 3] under the
      conditions with which about 90% of lysozyme was calculated to form complexes, the
      formation of Asp-101 modified lysozyme decreased markedly but to different
      degrees, that is (NAG)3 was the most and NAG the least effective. When the
      lysozyme derivative, in which Trp-62 in the active site cleft was oxidized to
      oxindolealanine (Ox-62 lysozyme), was used in place of native lysozyme, the
      formation of Asp-101 modified derivative decreased to about half, which was
      similar to the decrease in the presence of (NAG)2. In the presence of 0.5 M NaCl,
      on the other hand, the formation of Asp-101 modified lysozyme was considerably
      enhanced. From these observations, it is concluded that EDC binds to the active
      site cleft of lysozyme to specifically activate Asp-101. The affinity of EDC to
      the active site of lysozyme is partly due to the hydrophobic interaction of EDC
      with the Trp-62 residue at sub-site B of lysozyme. EDC is an activating reagent
      for carboxyl groups unlike most active site-directed reagents which produce final
      products directly. Therefore, the active site-directed nature of EDC was very
      useful because it made it possible to selectively introduce various amines as
      needed at a particular carboxyl group of lysozyme.

PMID- 3711073
TI  - Marked effect of cations on the separation of spinach thylakoid chlorophyll
      proteins on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at 0 degree C in the presence of
      alkanolammonium dodecyl sulfates.
AB  - The separation of spinach thylakoid chlorophyll-proteins on polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis at 0 degrees C in the presence of dodecyl sulfate is markedly
      influenced by the kind of surfactant cation in the media used for solubilization
      and electrophoresis. The mode of separation can thus be modulated through the
      cation selection. Three kinds of alkanolammonium dodecyl sulfates were tested and
      their abilities as to the dissociation of the molecular assemblies of chlorophyll
      proteins were found to decrease in the following order:
      tris(hydroxymethyl)methylammonium, triethanolammonium and triisopropanolammonium.
      Comparison of the electrophoretic patterns obtained with different kinds of
      cation may help clarify the hierarchy of the molecular assemblies of chlorophyll
      proteins.

PMID- 3711074
TI  - Cost recovery: the business of biomedical communications.
AB  - This article undertakes an exploration of the issue of mandated cost recovery for
      biocommunications units in state-supported university medical centers. A
      rationale for cost recovery and variables associated with cost recovery are
      examined. A list of the advantages and disadvantages for cost recovery is
      provided. Discussion centers on ability to and constraints in generating dollars
      in biocommunications units and possible long-range ramifications for the field.

PMID- 3711075
TI  - What do ostriches do?

PMID- 3711076
TI  - Structural basis of human erythrocyte glucose transporter function in
      reconstituted vesicles.
AB  - The transmembrane orientation of the human erythrocyte glucose transporter was
      assessed based on polarized Fourier transform infrared and ultraviolet circular
      dichroism spectroscopic data obtained from oriented multilamellar films of the
      reconstituted transporter vesicles. Infrared spectra revealed that there are
      distinct vibrations for alpha-helical structure while the vibrational frequencies
      specific to beta-structure are characteristically absent. Analysis of linear
      dichroism of the infrared spectra further indicated that these alpha-helices in
      the transporter are preferentially oriented perpendicular to the lipid bilayer
      plane forming an effective tilt of less than 38 degrees from the membrane normal.
      Such a preferential orientation was further supported by ultraviolet circular
      dichroism spectra which reveal that the 208 nm Moffit band found in the detergent
      solubilized preparation is absent in the film preparation. Linear dichroism data
      further indicated that D-glucose, a typical substrate, further reduces this
      effective tilt angle slightly.

PMID- 3711077
TI  - Stereospecific labilization of the C-4' pro-S hydrogen of pyridoxamine 5'
      phosphate in aspartate aminotransferase.
AB  - In the course of a half-reaction of enzymic transamination, the aldimine adduct
      formed between the coenzyme pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and the amino acid substrate
      tautomerizes to the ketimine intermediate which is then hydrolyzed to the oxo
      acid product and the pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate form of the enzyme. In the reverse
      half-reaction the tautomerization is initiated by the removal of a proton from
      the pro-S position at C-4' of the PMP moiety of the ketimine intermediate. The
      present study investigates the question whether the pro-S hydrogen at C-4' of PMP
      is labilized by its active site environment independently of the formation of the
      ketimine intermediate, i.e. in the absence of substrate. Reconstitution of
      apoaspartate aminotransferase (mitochondrial isoenzyme from chicken) with [4'-3H]
      PMP results indeed in a stereospecific exchange of pro-S 3H with solvent water.
      The exchange follows first order kinetics (t 1/2 = 23 min at pH 7.5 and 25
      degrees C). Unbound PMP showed no measurable exchange. Rigorous control
      experiments excluded the possibility that the observed exchange was due to a
      transamination reaction of the enzyme with contaminating oxo acid substrates. The
      newly observed stereospecific exchange reaction allows to investigate the
      acid/base properties of C-4' and the modulating effects of its active site
      environment independently of the preceding and following steps of enzymic
      transamination.

PMID- 3711078
TI  - Common acylcarboxypeptidase A intermediates for ester substrates containing
      different cleaving alcohols.
AB  - In the carboxypeptidase A-catalyzed ester hydrolysis of the trans-alpha
      (benzoylamino)cinnamoyl derivatives of both L-mandelate and L-beta-phenyllactate,
      kcat stands for the breakdown of an additional enzyme-substrate complex (ES').
      The pH dependence of kcat indicates that ES' is the anhydride
      acylcarboxypeptidase A formed by the nucleophilic attack of Glu-270 for both of
      the ester substrates. Furthermore, the very similar kcat values for the two ester
      substrates which share a common acyl moiety strongly suggest that common
      acylenzyme intermediates are involved, whose breakdown process is little affected
      by the cleaved alcohol portions. This provides the most direct evidence that has
      been reported for the nucleophilic mechanism of the carboxypeptidase A action.

PMID- 3711079
TI  - Preferential binding of DNA primase to the nuclear matrix in HeLa cells.
AB  - Studies of the spatial organization of DNA replication have provided increasing
      evidence of the importance of the nuclear matrix. We have previously reported a
      relationship between rates of DNA synthesis and the differential binding of DNA
      polymerase alpha to the nuclear matrix over the S-phase. We now report the
      detection of DNA primase bound to the HeLa nuclear matrix. Matrix-bound primase
      was measured both indirectly, by the incorporation of [32P]dAMP into an unprimed
      single-stranded template, poly(dT), and directly, by the incorporation of [3H]AMP
      into matrix DNA. Characteristics of this system include a requirement for ATP,
      inhibition by adenosine 5'-O-(thiotriphosphate), a primase inhibitor, and
      insensitivity to aphidicolin and alpha-amanitine, inhibitors of polymerase alpha
      and RNA polymerase, respectively. Subcellular quantification of primase and
      polymerase alpha activity revealed that while most (approximately 72%) primase
      activity is bound to the matrix, only a minority (approximately 32%) of
      polymerase alpha activity is matrix-bound. Treatment of the nuclear matrix with
      beta-D-octylglucoside allowed the solubilization of approximately 54% of primase
      activity and approximately 39% of the polymerase alpha activity. This data
      provides further evidence of a structural and functional role for the nuclear
      matrix in DNA replication. The ability to solubilize matrix-bound replicative
      enzymes may prove to be an important tool in the elucidation of the spatial
      organization of DNA replication.

PMID- 3711080
TI  - Macrophages are sensitive to anthrax lethal toxin through an acid-dependent
      process.
AB  - Anthrax lethal toxin, which consists of two proteins, protective antigen and
      lethal factor, is lethal for experimental animals. This study describes the first
      in vitro system demonstrating lethality of the toxin. Mouse peritoneal
      macrophages are killed within 1 h of exposure to the toxin. Neither protein
      component alone shows any toxic activity. The minimal effective concentration of
      protective antigen and lethal factor was approximately equal to 10(-2) and
      approximately equal to 10(-3) micrograms/ml, respectively. None of the several
      established cell lines examined was killed. Cells could be completely protected
      from the toxin by pretreatment with agents, such as amines or monensin, which
      dissipate intracellular proton gradients and raise the pH of intracellular
      vesicles. This protection was reversible and could be overcome by lowering the
      intravesicular pH. Antitoxin added after preincubation with amines was unable to
      protect cells subsequently exposed to low pH treatment. These results suggest
      that anthrax lethal toxin requires passage through an acidic endocytic vesicle in
      order to exert its toxic effect within the cytosol.

PMID- 3711081
TI  - Inhibition of human leukocyte 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase
      activity by ascorbic acid. An effect mediated by the free radical
      monodehydroascorbate.
AB  - 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase activity in microsomes
      isolated from cultured lymphoid (IM-9) cells or freshly isolated human leukocytes
      was markedly decreased by either ascorbic acid or its oxidized derivative,
      dehydroascorbate. Inhibition of IM-9 leukocyte HMG-CoA reductase activity was log
      linear between 0.01 and 10 mM ascorbic acid (25 and 81% inhibition, respectively)
      and 0.1 and 10 mM dehydroascorbate (5 and 75% inhibition, respectively).
      Inhibition was noncompetitive with respect to HMG-CoA (Km = 10.2 microM (RS);
      ascorbic acid, Ki = 6.4 mM; dehydroascorbate, Ki = 15 mM) and competitive with
      respect to NADPH (Km = 16.3 microM; acetic acid, Ki = 6.3 mM; dehydroascorbate,
      Ki = 3.1 mM). Ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbate are interconverted through the
      free radical intermediate monodehydroascorbate. Reducing agents are required to
      convert dehydroascorbate to monodehydroascorbate, but prevent formation of the
      free radical from ascorbate. In microsomes from IM-9 cells, the reducing agent,
      dithiothreitol, abolished HMG-CoA reductase inhibition by ascorbate but enhanced
      inhibition by dehydroascorbate. In addition, the concentration of
      monodehydroascorbate present in ascorbate solutions was directly proportional to
      the degree of HMG-CoA reductase inhibition by 1.0 mM ascorbate. Fifty per cent
      inhibition of enzyme activity occurred at a monodehydroascorbate concentration of
      14 microM. These data indicate that monodehydroascorbate mediates inhibition of
      HMG-CoA reductase by both ascorbate and dehydroascorbate. This effect does not
      appear to be due to free radical-induced membrane lipid modification, however,
      since both ascorbate and dehydroascorbate inhibited the protease-solubilized,
      partially purified human liver enzyme. Since inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase
      occurs at physiological concentrations of ascorbic acid in the human leukocyte
      (0.2-1.72 mM), this vitamin may be important in the regulation of endogenous
      cholesterol synthesis in man.

PMID- 3711082
TI  - Hepatic microsomal glucuronidation of bilirubin is modulated by the lipid
      microenvironment of membrane-bound substrate.
AB  - Hepatocyte intracellular membranes may facilitate the directed movement of
      bilirubin and other hydrophobic substrates to the active site of UDP
      glucuronyltransferase in the endoplasmic reticulum. We postulated that the lipid
      composition and physical properties of membranes that transport substrate may
      modulate bilirubin glucuronidation. To examine this hypothesis, we incorporated
      [14C]bilirubin substrate into the membrane bilayer of small unilamellar liposomes
      composed of native phospholipid purified from rat hepatic microsomes. The initial
      velocity of bilirubin glucuronide formation in rat liver microsomes, measured by
      radiochemical assay, was considerably more rapid than for bilirubin in liposomes
      of egg phosphatidylcholine (p less than 0.001). Moreover, the ratio of bilirubin
      diglucuronide to monoglucuronides synthesized was markedly increased (p less than
      0.01), approaching that observed in normal rat bile. Although the rates of
      bilirubin glucuronidation did not correlate with fluidity of the liposomal
      membrane core region, specific phospholipid head groups were associated with an
      increase, and cholesterol a decrease, in rates of glucuronidation. Movement of
      [3H]bilirubin from dual-labeled liposomes to microsomes occurred without
      concomitant [14C]phospholipid transfer. Thus, the lipid composition of membranes
      incorporating bilirubin appears to modulate the rate of glucuronidation and the
      relative rates of bilirubin mono- and diglucuronide formation. Phospholipid head
      groups on the surface of the bilayer, not the hydrocarbon core regions, may be
      implicated in the rapid process of membrane transport, which is likely to involve
      membrane-membrane collisions or diffusion of free substrate rather than membrane
      fusion.

PMID- 3711083
TI  - Protein kinase C activation in mixed micelles. Mechanistic implications of
      phospholipid, diacylglycerol, and calcium interdependencies.
AB  - The phospholipid, sn-1,2-diacylglycerol, and calcium dependencies of rat brain
      protein kinase C were investigated with a mixed micellar assay (Hannun, Y.,
      Loomis, C., and Bell, R.M. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 10039-10043). Protein
      kinase C activity was independent of the number of Triton X-100,
      phosphatidylserine (PS), and sn-1,2-dioleoylglycerol (diC18:1) mixed micelles.
      Activation was strongly dependent on the mole per cent of PS and diC18:1.
      Activity of protein kinase C was dependent on PS, diC18:1, and calcium in mixed
      micelles prepared from detergents other than Triton X-100. This is consistent
      with the micelle providing an inert surface into which the lipid cofactors
      partition. Molecular sieve chromatography provided direct evidence for the
      homogeneity of Triton X-100, PS, and diC18:1 mixed micelles. Mixing studies and
      surface dilution studies indicated that PS and diC18:1 rapidly equilibrate among
      the mixed micelles. At saturating calcium, the diC18:1 dependence was strongly
      dependent on the mole per cent PS present. At 10 mol % PS, 0.25 mol % diC18:1
      gave maximal activity whereas 6 mol % PS and 6 mol % diC18:1 did not give maximal
      activity. diC18:1 dependencies were hyperbolic at all PS levels tested. The data
      support the conclusion that a single molecule of diC18:1/micelle is sufficient to
      activate monomeric protein kinase C. The mole per cent PS required for maximal
      activation was reduced markedly as the mole per cent diC18:1 increased. Under all
      conditions tested, the PS dependence of protein kinase C activation lagged until
      greater than 3 mol % PS was present. Then activation occurred in a cooperative
      manner with Hill numbers near 4. These data indicate that 4 or more molecules of
      PS are required to activate monomeric protein kinase C. PS was the most effective
      of all the phospholipids tested in the mixed micelle assay. diC18:1 was found to
      modulate the amount of calcium required for maximal activity. As the level of
      Ca2+ increased, the mole per cent PS required reached a limiting value of 3 mol
      %. A number of sn-1,2-diacylglycerols containing short chain fatty acids
      activated protein kinase C in a saturable manner in mixed micelles. The data are
      discussed in relation to a model for protein kinase activation.

PMID- 3711084
TI  - LM cell growth and membrane lipid adaptation to sterol structure.
AB  - Using a sterol auxotroph of the LM cell mouse fibroblast, we demonstrate that
      relatively few cholesterol analogues can substitute for cholesterol as a growth
      factor. The auxotroph grows normally on desmosterol and trans-22
      dehydrocholesterol and at reduced rates on dihydrocholesterol, campesterol, and
      22,23-dihydrobrassicasterol. It does not grow with beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol,
      ergosterol, or cis-22-dehydrocholesterol when the sterol is present as sole
      supplement but does grow at normal rates when the analogue is supplied with
      suboptimal amounts of cholesterol. Two contrasting types of membrane lipid
      changes are observed in cells grown on cholesterol analogues. In cells grown with
      dihydrocholesterol, a marked increase in desaturation and elongation of fatty
      acids is noted. Conversely, when cells are grown with cis-22-dehydrocholesterol,
      desaturation and elongation of fatty acids are severely curtailed. Cells grown on
      alkyl sterols respond like cells grown on cis-22-dehydrocholesterol but in a less
      pronounced fashion. The effects of sterol substitution in mammalian cells versus
      in lower eukaryotes are compared, and an explanation for the secondary changes in
      fatty acid composition in terms of phospholipid phase behavior is suggested.

PMID- 3711085
TI  - Influence of sterol structure on phospholipid phase behavior as detected by
      parinaric acid fluorescence spectroscopy.
AB  - Phospholipid-sterol interactions were investigated using parinaric acid
      fluorescence spectroscopy. Cholesterol and cholesterol analogues which were
      modified in the sterol nucleus or side chain were added at 50 mol % to
      multilamellar vesicles of model phospholipids selected to be representative of
      major components in an LM cell plasma membrane. These included sphingomyelins and
      saturated and monounsaturated phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines.
      Based on the changes in cis-parinaric acid steady-state fluorescence polarization
      observed with addition of sterol, 50 mol % cholesterol abolished the phase
      transition of all the model phospholipids. Dihydrocholesterol and trans-22
      dehydrocholesterol behaved like cholesterol in the two systems studied. 24
      Methylcholesterols interacted well with all phospholipids except
      phosphatidylethanolamine which contained an unsaturated fatty acid. 24
      Alkyl,trans-22-dehydrocholesterols abolished the phase transition in only two
      systems: sphingomyelins and phosphatidylcholines possessing relatively short
      saturated acyl chains. Since steady-state anisotropy is a function of
      fluorescence lifetime, rotational diffusion rates, and limiting anisotropy, we
      determined these parameters for two of the phospholipid systems. The results show
      that steady-state anisotropy values for phospholipid-sterol interactions
      correlate closely with limiting anisotropy and to a lesser extent with rotational
      relaxation time. The behavior of the sterols in the model phospholipids are used
      to interpret 1) fluorescence polarization measurements made with phospholipids
      extracted from LM cell plasma membranes, and 2) changes in membrane lipid
      composition which accompany growth of LM cells on various sterols.

PMID- 3711086
TI  - The role of solvent polarity in the free energy of transfer of amino acid side
      chains from water to organic solvents.
AB  - The transfer free energies of amino acid side chains from water to N
      methylacetamide have been determined and compared with those obtained from other
      model systems. Although the process of transfer from water to N-methylacetamide
      represents transfer from a lower dielectric phase to a higher dielectric phase,
      the transfer free energies of most of the amino acid side chains are nearly the
      same as those obtained from the water to ethanol system. Among the apolar side
      chains studied, only the transfer free energies of methionine and the aromatic
      side chains are apparently influenced to some extent by the polarity of the
      organic solvent phase. The transfer free energies of the neutral polar side
      chains also exhibit significant dependence on solvent polarity. The van't Hoff
      plots for most of the apolar side chains exhibit nonlinear curves, indicating
      that the enthalpy of transfer from water to N-methylacetamide is temperature
      dependent. It is suggested that to assess the contribution of the hydrophobic
      free energy to the stability of globular proteins, it is probably not necessary
      to account for variation in the internal environment of the protein.

PMID- 3711087
TI  - The biosynthesis of rat serum albumin. Metabolism of the NH2-terminal hexapeptide
      of proalbumin.
AB  - Proalbumin differs from serum albumin in containing a leading hexapeptide
      segment, Arg-Gly-Val-Phe-Arg-Arg. This propeptide is removed in the Golgi complex
      immediately prior to secretion of the albumin, but its fate and possible
      functions are unknown. We have tested for the presence of the propeptide and its
      immediate catabolic products in rat liver and plasma and have studied both the
      disappearance of 3H-propeptide after intravenous injection and the breakdown of
      synthetic propeptide by rat liver cell components and plasma in vitro. We found
      no detectable propeptide or its two pentapeptide derivatives in rat liver or
      plasma at a sensitivity of less than 1 microM. Injected 3H-propeptide was
      completely cleared from blood within 2 min. No binding of free propeptide to
      serum albumin was observed. Liver cell fractions as well as blood plasma degraded
      added propeptide, with the highest activity being observed in smooth microsomes,
      the Golgi-enriched fraction, and plasma membrane. These preparations chiefly
      removed the terminal arginine residues, whereas enzymes in the cytosol degraded
      the peptide completely to amino acids. The activity in plasma resided largely in
      an alpha-globulin with molecular mass of about 280,000 Da which appears to be
      carboxypeptidase N. We conclude that the liberated propeptide is quickly broken
      down within the liver cell and does not accumulate in an amount sufficient to
      exert feedback or other effects on albumin synthesis.

PMID- 3711088
TI  - Specificity of concanavalin A binding to asparagine-linked glycopeptides. A
      nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion study.
AB  - We have investigated the binding of a series of high affinity asparagine-linked
      glycopeptides, including high mannose type and a bisected hybrid type, and
      several related synthetic oligosaccharides, to Ca2+- Mn2+-concanavalin A (ConA),
      using solvent proton nuclear relaxation dispersion (NMRD) measurements. We find
      that binding of the glycopeptides induces a common smaller decrease in the NMRD
      profile of ConA compared to that induced by monosaccharide binding. This effect
      is also observed with a synthetic analog of complex-type carbohydrates, hepta,
      which also shows enhanced affinity for the protein relative to monosaccharide
      binding. The high affinity of the glycopeptides and hepta, and their unique
      effects on the NMRD profile, are mimicked by binding of the trimannosyl
      oligosaccharide, 3,6-di-O-(alpha-D-mannopyranosyl)-D-mannose, which is present as
      a structural element in all of the glycopeptides and synthetic oligosaccharides.
      However, adding a so-called bisecting N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residue to the
      trimannosyl oligosaccharide greatly reduces its binding affinity and produces a
      decrease in the NMRD profile of the protein similar to that observed for
      monosaccharide binding. These results indicate that the trimannosyl
      oligosaccharide is a unique moiety recognized by the lectin for high affinity and
      extended site binding, and the presence of a bisecting N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
      residue in the trimannosyl oligosaccharide eliminates this type of interaction.
      The results also demonstrate that ConA primarily binds to the outer trimannosyl
      regions of high mannose and bisected hybrid-type glycopeptides compared to the
      central trimannosyl region of complex glycopeptides. Two mechanisms of enhanced
      affinity binding of saccharides and glycopeptides to ConA are discussed.

PMID- 3711090
TI  - Ascorbic acid specifically enhances dopamine beta-monooxygenase activity in
      resting and stimulated chromaffin cells.
AB  - Ascorbic acid enhancement of norepinephrine formation from tyrosine in cultured
      bovine chromaffin cells was characterized in detail as a model system for
      determining ascorbate requirements. In resting cells, ascorbic acid increased
      dopamine beta-monooxygenase activity without changing tyrosine 3-monooxygenase
      activity. [14C]Norepinephrine specific activity was increased by ascorbic acid,
      while [14C]dopamine specific activity was unchanged. Dopamine content, dopamine
      biosynthesis, tyrosine content, and tyrosine uptake were also unaffected by
      ascorbic acid. Furthermore, increased norepinephrine formation could not be
      attributed to changes in norepinephrine catabolism. Enhancement of dopamine beta
      monooxygenase activity was specific for ascorbic acid, since other reducing
      agents with higher redox potentials were unable to increase norepinephrine
      formation. The specific effect of ascorbic acid on enhancement of norepinephrine
      formation was also observed in chromaffin cells stimulated to secrete with
      carbachol, acetylcholine, veratridine, and potassium chloride. In stimulated
      cells with and without ascorbate, there were no differences in dopamine content,
      tyrosine uptake, dopamine specific activity, and norepinephrine catabolism. These
      data indicate that, under a wide variety of conditions, only one catecholamine
      biosynthetic enzyme activity, dopamine beta-monooxygenase, is specifically
      stimulated by ascorbic acid alone in cultured chromaffin cells. This model system
      exemplifies a new approach for determining ascorbic acid requirements in cells
      and animals.

PMID- 3711089
TI  - Binding and fluorescence properties of the membrane domain of NADH-cytochrome-b5
      reductase. Determination of the depth of Trp-16 in the bilayer.
AB  - The membrane domain of NADH-cytochrome-b5 reductase, which extends from the amino
      terminal myristic acid through the first 28 amino acid residues, can be isolated
      in cholate after a mild trypsin treatment of cholate-solubilized reductase, and
      in phospholipid vesicles after exhaustive trypsin treatment of vesicle-bound
      reductase. The detergent-solubilized peptide has a high affinity for phospholipid
      vesicles and can be reconstituted in vesicles by the detergent-dialysis method.
      The fluorescence of Trp-16 of this peptide is highly sensitive to the polarity of
      the microenvironment. The fluorescence quantum yield of this residue is 0.10 when
      the peptide is dispersed in 1% sodium cholate, but 0.46-0.52 when the peptide is
      reconstituted in phospholipid vesicles. Fluorescence energy transfer from this
      tryptophan residue in vesicle-bound peptide to a random array of acceptors in the
      head-group region of the vesicle outer monolayer shows that Trp-16 resides at a
      depth of 20-23 A in the bilayer.

PMID- 3711092
TI  - Directionality in FLP protein-promoted site-specific recombination is mediated by
      DNA-DNA pairing.
AB  - The 2 mu plasmid of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a site-specific
      recombination system consisting of plasmid-encoded FLP protein and two
      recombination sites on the plasmid. The recombination site possesses a specific
      orientation, which is determined by an asymmetric 8-base pair spacer sequence
      separating two 13-base pair inverted repeats. The outcome or directionality of
      site-specific recombination is defined by the alignment of two sites in the same
      orientation during the reaction. Sites containing point mutations or 1-base pair
      insertions or deletions within the spacer generally undergo recombination with
      unaltered sites at reduced levels. In contrast, recombination between the two
      identical mutant sites (where homology is restored) proceeds efficiently in all
      cases. Sites containing spacer sequences of 10 base pairs or more are
      nonfunctional under all conditions. A recombination site in which 5 base pairs
      are changed to yield an entirely symmetrical spacer sequence again recombines
      efficiently, but only with an identical site. This reaction, in addition,
      produces a variety of new products which can only result from random alignment of
      the two sites undergoing recombination, i.e. the reaction no longer exhibits
      directionality. These and other results demonstrate that both the efficiency and
      directionality of site-specific recombination is dependent upon homology between
      spacer sequences of the two recombining sites. This further implies that critical
      DNA-DNA interactions between the spacer region of the two sites involved in the
      reaction occur at some stage during site-specific recombination in this system.
      The specific spacer sequence itself appears to be unimportant as long as homology
      is maintained; thus, these sequences are probably not involved in recognition by
      FLP protein.

PMID- 3711091
TI  - Primary structure of limulus anticoagulant anti-lipopolysaccharide factor.
AB  - A potent anticoagulant, anti-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) factor, found in limulus
      hemocytes inhibits the LPS-mediated activation of limulus coagulation cascade and
      shows an antibacterial action against R-types of Gram-negative bacteria (Morita,
      T., Ohtsubo, S., Nakamura, T., Tanaka, S., Iwanaga, S., Ohashi, K., and Niwa, M.
      (1985) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 97, 1611-1620). The complete amino acid sequence of
      this substance was determined by sequencing the peptides obtained by selective
      proteolytic cleavage. The NH2-terminal end of anti-LPS factor was pyroglutamic
      acid. Anti-LPS factor had two variant residues at position 36 and the COOH
      terminal end, respectively. The following sequence was assigned to anti-LPS
      factor, and it was also confirmed by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry.
      less than EGGIWTQLALALVKNLATLWQSGDFQFLGHE (formula; see text) Limulus anti-LPS
      factor consisted of a single chain of 102 residues with 2 half-cystines in
      disulfide linkage. Its NH2-terminal region up to 20 residues was highly
      hydrophobic, and positively charged residues were clustered mainly within the
      disulfide loop. By searching the homologous sequence in known protein sequences
      with that of anti-LPS factor, we found a structural homology between anti-LPS
      factor and alpha-lactalbumin/lysozyme family.

PMID- 3711093
TI  - The binding of fucose-containing glycoproteins by hepatic lectins. Purification
      of a fucose-binding lectin from rat liver.
AB  - A lectin with a high affinity for binding ligands through fucose residues has
      been purified to homogeneity from rat liver. Affinity chromatography of the
      lectin on fucosyl-bovine serum albumin-agarose is the key step in the
      purification. Contaminating amounts of a previously described lectin that binds
      mannose and N-acetylglucosamine are removed from the fucose-binding lectin by
      either immunoadsorption on anti-mannose/N-acetylglucosamine lectin IgG-agarose or
      by specific elution of the fucose-binding lectin from fucosyl-bovine serum
      albumin-agarose. The pure fucose-binding lectin contains two polypeptide subunits
      with molecular weights of 88,000 and 77,000, respectively, as judged by gel
      electrophoresis. Peptide maps of the subunits, however, show that they are very
      similar structurally. In addition, peptide maps show that the fucose lectin is
      structurally distinct from other rat hepatic lectins. This is supported by the
      lack of cross-reaction among the different rat liver lectins and their specific
      antibodies and the inability of specific antibodies to the mannose/N
      acetylglucosamine lectin to inhibit the binding of fucosyl-bovine serum albumin
      by the fucose lectin.

PMID- 3711094
TI  - The binding of fucose-containing glycoproteins by hepatic lectins. The binding
      specificity of the rat liver fucose lectin.
AB  - The parameters that affect the interaction of ligands with a fucose-binding
      lectin from rat liver have been examined. 125I-Fucosyl-bovine serum albumin (Fuc
      BSA) containing 50 residues of fucose/molecule was used as the standard ligand.
      At low initial concentrations of ligand (10 ng/ml) and lectin (140 ng/ml), the
      reaction reaches equilibrium at pH 7.8, 23 degrees C, within 40 min. The binding
      of ligands is Ca2+ dependent with half-maximal binding occurring at 54 microM
      Ca2+; of several metal ions tested, only Sr2+ partially replaced Ca2+. Binding
      was maximal between pH 7.6 and 8.6, fell slightly up to pH 10, but fell markedly
      below pH 7. The lectin-ligand complexes dissociated at low pH, on removal of
      Ca2+, or in the presence of a large excess of competing ligand. The apparent
      association constant (Ka) for Fuc-BSA was 1.75 X 10(8) M-1. The fucose content of
      the Fuc-BSA also influenced binding, with little apparent binding below 24 fucose
      residues/molecule and maximal binding from 40 to 50 fucose residues/molecule.
      With knowledge of the parameters influencing binding, sensitive reproducible
      assays for the lectin were developed. The binding specificity of the lectin was
      examined by measuring the inhibition of 125I-Fuc-BSA binding by neoglycoproteins,
      monosaccharides, and glycosides or by direct binding of neoglycoproteins.
      Galactosides and beta-linked fucosides were the best ligands among the
      neoglycoproteins, with much weaker binding by mannosyl- or N-acetylglucosaminyl
      BSA. On the basis of the pattern of inhibition of Fuc-BSA binding by various
      monosaccharides and glycosides, it is possible to propose the conformations of
      saccharides that best fit the lectin-binding site. The C1 conformation of N
      acetyl-D-galactosamine fits best, although other not obviously related
      monosaccharides such as L-fucose, L-arabinose, and D-mannose can also assume
      conformations that permit them to be effective inhibitors. The pattern of binding
      of neoglycoproteins to the lectin differs from that of other pure hepatic
      lectins. Thus, the fucose lectin has a high affinity for Fuc-BSA and galactosyl
      BSA but a low affinity for N-acetylglucosaminyl-BSA. The galactose lectin binds
      only galactosyl-BSA and shows little binding with either N-acetylglucosaminyl-BSA
      or Fuc-BSA. In contrast, the mannose/N-acetylglucosamine lectin binds N
      acetylglucosaminyl-BSA and Fuc-BSA but not galactosyl-BSA.

PMID- 3711095
TI  - The distribution and localization of the fucose-binding lectin in rat tissues and
      the identification of a high affinity form of the mannose/N-acetylglucosamine
      binding lectin in rat liver.
AB  - A small-scale affinity chromatographic procedure was developed to screen for the
      presence of fucose and mannose/N-acetylglucosamine-binding lectins in small
      amounts of rat tissues. Of all tissues examined, only the liver contained the
      fucose-binding lectin, whereas both liver and blood serum contained the mannose/N
      acetylglucosamine lectin. By means of immunocytological methods using antibodies
      to hepatic lectins, the fucose lectin was shown to be uniquely present in Kupffer
      cells and absent in all other types of rat macrophages examined. The binding and
      uptake of different neoglycoproteins by nonparenchymal cell fractions of liver
      indicated that the fucose-binding lectin was either not responsible for the
      uptake or that more than one lectin was acting. With the identification of
      another lectin (Mr = 180,000) by the above screening procedure for hepatic
      lectins and the results of studies in the following paper (Haltiwanger, R.S., and
      Hill, R. L. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 7440-7444) two lectins appear to be
      involved. A small amount of the hepatic mannose/N-acetylglucosamine lectin was
      found by the above screening procedure to have a higher affinity for L-fucosyl
      bovine serum albumin-Sepharose than the majority of the lectin in hepatocytes.
      This lectin, called the high affinity form, was purified and its properties
      examined. On a weight basis the high affinity form bound 7-12 times more ligand
      than the normal form. Its Ka for L-fucosyl-bovine serum albumin was 2.3 X 10(9) M
      1 compared to 3.5 X 10(8) M-1 for the normal form. Moreover, the concentrations
      of monosaccharides required to inhibit the high affinity form were about 3 times
      less than those required to inhibit binding of the normal form. The two forms,
      however, have identical molecular weights (32,000) under reducing and nonreducing
      conditions, bind anti-lectin antibodies in the same way, and give identical
      peptide maps after V-8 protease digestion. The structural basis for the different
      binding affinities of the two forms remains unknown.

PMID- 3711096
TI  - The isolation of a rat alveolar macrophage lectin.
AB  - A lectin in rat alveolar macrophage membranes with a high affinity for binding
      ligands containing L-fucose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine has been isolated by
      affinity chromatography on Fuc-BSA-Sepharose (where Fuc is fucosyl and BSA is
      bovine serum albumin). The lectin was extracted from rat lung homogenates with
      Triton X-100, absorbed from the extract onto Fuc-BSA-Sepharose in the presence of
      Ca2+ and eluted by removal of Ca2+. After a second adsorption to and elution from
      Fuc-BSA-Sepharose, three protein species were detected electrophoretically in
      fractions that bind Fuc-BSA. One, which was the mannose/N-acetylglucosamine
      lectin (Mr = 32,000) found earlier in hepatocytes, was removed by adsorption on
      anti-lectin IgG-Sepharose. Another (Mr = 46,000) was removed by adsorption to Fuc
      BSA-Sepharose and elution with galactose. The remaining lectin (Mr = 180,000)
      bound fucose and N-acetylglucosamine but not galactose. Binding was maximal
      between pH 6.5 and 9.0 and dependent on Ca2+. Immunocytological analysis with
      rabbit anti-lectin IgG and fluorescein-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG revealed the
      lectin to be in rat alveolar macrophages and nonparenchymal cells of liver. Thus,
      the lectin appears to be present in macrophages and is likely involved in
      receptor-mediated endocytosis. It is distinctly different structurally from the
      hepatocyte lectin with a similar ligand-binding specificity.

PMID- 3711097
TI  - Characterization of ribosomal frameshift events by protein sequence analysis.
AB  - In cell-free protein synthesis studies with RNA from phage MS2 as template,
      normal Escherichia coli tRNASer3 promotes two base translocation at GCA alanine
      codons with a resultant shift of ribosomes to the minus one reading frame.
      Similarly, normal tRNAThr3 promotes two base translocation at CCG proline codons.
      These conclusions were reached by amino acid sequencing of tryptic peptides or
      cyanogen bromide fragments that contained the reading frame shift site. It is
      proposed that these frameshift events occur by a two-base pair interaction
      between the anticodons of these exceptional tRNAs and the noncognate codons.

PMID- 3711098
TI  - Purification and chemical composition of gpL115, the human lymphocyte surface
      sialoglycoprotein that is defective in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome.
AB  - gpL115, the surface sialoglycoprotein that is defective in lymphocytes of Wiskott
      Aldrich syndrome patients has been purified from large scale cultures of the
      lymphoblastoid line CEM. The purification entails cell lysis and solubilization
      of gpL115 with the detergent Nonidet P-40, sequential affinity chromatography on
      lentil lectin-Sepharose, wheat germ lectin-Sepharose, and, after treatment with
      sialidase, on peanut lectin-Sepharose. Sepharose CL-6B gel filtration removes
      residual protein contaminants and transfers asialo-gpL115 from Nonidet P-40
      containing to sodium dodecyl sulfate-containing buffer. The yield, 1300
      micrograms of homogeneous protein/10(11) cells, represents greater than 60%
      recovery. The amino acid composition of gpL115 has several atypical features
      including low lysine content, high proline content, and very high content of
      hydroxyamino acids (12.5 residues of serine and 12.5 residues of threonine/100
      amino acids). Total carbohydrate content of gpL115 is very high, i.e. 52% for the
      asialo-molecule. The major carbohydrate residues of asialo-gpL115 are galactose
      and N-acetylgalactosamine in approximately equimolar amounts (25 and 22
      residues/100 amino acids, respectively) plus severalfold lower amounts of N
      acetylglucosamine, fucose, and mannose.

PMID- 3711099
TI  - Mammalian DNA methyltransferases prefer poly(dI-dC) as substrate.
AB  - The synthetic duplex DNA, poly(dI-dC).poly(dI-dC), is methylated in vitro by
      human or murine DNA methyltransferases at 20-100 times the rate of other
      nonmethylated DNAs. Preparation of the hemimethylated derivative, poly(dI
      dMeC).poly(dI-dC), of this polymer increases its effectiveness as a substrate by
      2-fold, making it 4-10 times more effective as a substrate for mammalian DNA
      methyltransferases than any other hemimethylated DNA so far reported. However,
      the apparent slower rate of de novo methylation of poly(dI-dC).poly(dI-dC) as
      compared to the hemimethylated derivative is due to substrate inhibition, unique
      to the unmethylated polymer, as the rates of de novo and maintenance methylation
      are identical at low substrate concentrations.

PMID- 3711100
TI  - The effect of the 540-kilodalton actin cross-linking protein, actin-binding
      protein, on the mechanical properties of F-actin.
AB  - This study describes the effect of actin-binding protein derived from rabbit lung
      macrophages on the mechanical properties of F-actin. The dynamic storage modulus,
      G'(omega), and loss modulus, G"(omega) of F-actin, at concentrations from 1 to 4
      mg/ml, in the absence or presence of actin-binding protein at molar ratios to
      actin of 1:1000 to 1:125, were measured at frequencies ranging from 3 X 10(-3) to
      0.5 Hz. Actin-binding protein increased the dynamic moduli of F-actin, but this
      increase was much greater as either the actin-binding protein/actin ratio or the
      total protein concentration increased. Moreover, there was a convergence of the
      values of G' and G" at high frequencies for F-actin which became more prominent
      upon the addition of actin-binding protein. The value of the modulus obtained by
      an extrapolation of these data to actin concentrations similar to that found in
      the cell cortex was close to values which have been obtained by direct
      measurements. The addition of actin-binding protein to an F-actin solution
      enabled it to reach an equilibrium strain following the application of a stress,
      in contrast to pure F-actin. These data allow a more rigorous definition of the
      "sol" to "gel" transition and suggest that the cross-linking of actin filaments
      by actin-binding protein leads to the formation of a network structure whose
      underlying mechanism of mechanical behavior is short range intrafilament bending
      in contrast to the classical rubber network.

PMID- 3711101
TI  - Active site specificity of the adenylate cyclase catalytic unit from bovine
      caudate nucleus.
AB  - ATP analogues were used to study the active site specificity of the catalytic
      unit (C) of solubilized and partially purified bovine brain caudate nucleus
      adenylate cyclase. Phenylenediamine ATP (PD-ATP), 8-azido ATP (8-N3ATP),
      chromium(III) 3'-beta-alanylarylazido ATP (CrATPa), and 2',3'-dialdehyde ATP
      (oATP) are competitive inhibitors of C in the presence of the substrate MnATP and
      the activator forskolin. (Km for MnATP is 50 +/- 11 microM, n = 13). The Ki
      values determined under initial velocity conditions are: PD-ATP, Ki = 695 +/- 60
      microM, n = 5; 8-N3ATP, Ki = 155 +/- 23 microM, n = 5; CrATPa, Ki = 7 +/- 3
      microM, n = 2; oATP, Ki = 42 +/- 5 microM, n = 3. Irradiation of 100 microM 8
      N3ATP by UV light (254 nm) causes the first-order loss of reagent either in the
      presence or absence of C. Concomitant irreversible inhibition of C in the
      presence of 8-N3ATP was more complex and asymptotically approached 50% within 4-6
      min. Loss of C activity in controls was 10-20%. The fraction of C covalently
      modified by 8-N3ATP, alpha, was calculated for each time point of irradiation for
      an increasing initial concentration ([A]o) of 8-N3ATP. Extrapolated to infinite
      time of photolysis, the value of alpha reached a final level, termed alpha t
      whose magnitude depended on [A]o. From these data we calculated an apparent KD of
      4.5 microM for 8-N3ATP. ATP protected against the irreversible inhibition due to
      8-N3ATP. These data are most consistent with a mechanism of photoaffinity
      labeling involving equilibrium binding and covalent insertion of 8-N3ATP into the
      active site. These results indicate that the active site binds analogues of ATP
      which are considerably modified in the adenine, ribose, and gamma-phosphate
      portions and that the affinity of C for these analogues is within an order of
      magnitude of the Km for ATP.

PMID- 3711102
TI  - Adenosine 5'-diphosphate-dependent subunit dissociation of bovine dopamine beta
      hydroxylase.
AB  - In a previous study, it was shown that purified soluble bovine dopamine beta
      hydroxylase exhibits pH-dependent reversible tetramer-dimer dissociation (Saxena,
      A., Hensley, P., Osborne, J. C., Jr., and Fleming, P. J. (1985) J. Biol. Chem.
      260, 3386-3392). Here we report evidence for the dissociation of this enzyme by
      magnesium-adenosine diphosphate independent of pH in the pH range 5-7.
      Quantitative binding of ADP to dopamine beta-hydroxylase revealed that there are
      two binding sites/dimeric species of hydroxylase and that ADP is tightly bound
      with a KD less than 10(-8) M. Kinetic data obtained at pH 5.5, the pH inside the
      chromaffin granule, shows that the apparent Km values for both the substrates
      tyramine and ascorbate are lowered by the presence of ADP without affecting the
      Vmax of the enzyme. The ADP-dependent lowering of apparent Km values results from
      a dissociation of the enzyme to the dimeric species which has inherently lower
      apparent Km values for substrates.

PMID- 3711103
TI  - Phorbol ester- and Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation of human red cell membrane
      skeletal proteins.
AB  - The addition of the tumor promoting phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13
      acetate to intact human red blood cells activates protein kinase C and stimulates
      the phosphorylation of the membrane skeletal proteins band 4.1 and band 4.9 as
      well as two proteins of molecular mass 115 and 110 kDa. We show that 12-O
      tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate promotes the association of cytosolic protein
      kinase C with the red cell membrane and that the enzyme is present on ghost
      membranes but is largely absent from inside-out vesicles. We show that micromolar
      Ca2+ added to ghosts also promotes the phosphorylation of band 4.1 and the
      approximately 100-kDa proteins, a reaction which has not been described
      previously. Digestion and extraction studies show that the 100-kDa proteins are
      unrelated to band 3 since they are absent from NaOH stripped membranes, but are
      found in Triton-prepared cytoskeletons. Digestion of intact red cells with
      chymotrypsin or neuraminidase, which attack principally band 3 and glycophorin,
      respectively, markedly inhibits protein kinase C phosphorylation of band 4.1 in
      red cells and ghosts and of the 100-kDa proteins in ghosts. These enzymes have no
      effect upon the activity of the Ca2+-activated phosphorylation reaction,
      suggesting that it does not involve protein kinase C. These results shed light on
      two phosphorylation reactions which act exclusively on red cell membrane skeletal
      proteins. Our findings suggest that digestion of the integral membrane proteins
      band 3 and glycophorin, the principal targets of external protease digestion,
      affects the activity or specificity of protein kinase C. Finally we have
      described two apparently novel approximately 100-kDa phosphorylated proteins
      which are components of Triton-prepared red cell membrane skeletons.

PMID- 3711104
TI  - Identification of ribosome-bound eukaryotic initiation factor 2.GDP binary
      complex as an intermediate in polypeptide chain initiation reaction.
AB  - Studies on the formation and release of the eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)
      2.GDP binary complex formed during eIF-5-mediated assembly of an 80 S initiation
      complex have been carried out. Incubation of a 40 S initiation complex with eIF
      5, in the presence or absence of 60 S ribosomal subunits at 25 degrees C, causes
      rapid and quantitative hydrolysis of ribosome-bound GTP to form an eIF-2.GDP
      binary complex and Pi. Analysis of both reaction products by Sephadex G-200 gel
      filtration reveals that while Pi is released from ribosomes, the eIF-2.GDP
      complex remains bound to the ribosomal initiation complex. The eIF-2.GDP binary
      complex can however be released from ribosome by subjecting the eIF-5-catalyzed
      reaction products to either longer periods of incubation at 37 degrees C or
      sucrose gradient centrifugation. Furthermore, addition of a high molar excess of
      isolated eIF-2.GDP binary complex to a 40 S initiation reaction mixture does not
      cause exchange of ribosome-bound eIF-2.GDP complex formed by eIF-5-catalyzed
      hydrolysis of GTP. These results indicate that eIF-2.GDP complex is directly
      formed on the surface of ribosomes following hydrolysis of GTP bound to a 40 S
      initiation complex, and that ribosome-bound eIF-2 X GDP complex is an
      intermediate in polypeptide chain initiation reaction.

PMID- 3711105
TI  - Energetics of beta-oxidation. Reduction potentials of general fatty acyl-CoA
      dehydrogenase, electron transfer flavoprotein, and fatty acyl-CoA substrates.
AB  - We have determined reduction potentials for porcine mitochondrial general fatty
      acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (GAD) and electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF) using an
      anaerobic spectroelectrochemical titration method. Computer simulation techniques
      were used to analyze the absorbance data. Nernst plots of the simulated data gave
      E'0, 7.1, quinone/semiquinone = -0.014 V and E'0, 7.1, semiquinone/hydroquinone =
      -0.036 V for ETF and E'0, 7.1, quinone/semiquinone = -0.155 V and E'0, 7.1,
      semiquinone/hydroquinone = -0.122 V for GAD. Using these techniques we have also
      determined a conditional reduction potential of -0.156 V for the chromophore
      producing fatty acyl-CoA substrate beta-2-furylpropionyl-CoA. From this value and
      our previous determination of the equilibrium constant for the transhydrogenation
      reaction between beta-2-furylpropionyl-CoA and the oxidized substrate crotonyl
      CoA (Keq = 10.4), we have determined a reduction potential of -0.126 V for the
      butyryl-CoA/crotonyl-CoA couple. In light of the structural similarity between
      butyryl-CoA and octanoyl-CoA, the optimal substrate for GAD, the reduction
      potential for octanoyl-CoA should be similar to that for butyryl-CoA; i.e. fatty
      acyl-CoA substrates and GAD are essentially isopotential. The ability of octanoyl
      CoA to reduce GAD quantitatively (Keq = 9.0) poses a dilemma in light of the
      nearly equal reduction potentials. We postulate that the stable charge-transfer
      complex formed between enzyme and optimal product is significantly lower in
      energy than enzyme and product and thus is responsible for pulling the reaction
      toward completion.

PMID- 3711106
TI  - Cytotoxic ether phospholipids. Different affinities to lysophosphocholine
      acyltransferases in sensitive and resistant cells.
AB  - Alkyllysophospholipids (ALP) which are 1-O-alkyl analogs of the cell membrane
      component 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (1-acyl-GPC) represent a family of
      new antitumor drugs. Susceptibility of cells to ALP is correlated to a selective
      inhibition of fatty acid incorporation into 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3
      phosphocholine in intact cells. This report examines oleoyl-CoA-1-acyl-GPC acyl
      transferase activities in cell-free systems of ALP-sensitive methylcholanthrene
      induced fibrosarcoma cells (MethA cells) and ALP-resistant bone marrow-derived
      murine macrophages (BMM phi). The specific activities for the oleoyl-CoA-1-acyl
      GPC acyltransferases were 1.05 +/- 0.06 nmol X mg-1 X min-1 and 2.98 +/- 0.27
      nmol X mg-1 X min-1, respectively. The kinetic parameters for 1-palmitoyl-GPC
      were Km = 16.6 microM, Vmax = 4.3 nmol X mg-1 X min-1 (BMM phi) and Km = 7.6
      microM, Vmax = 2.0 nmol X mg-1 X min-1 (MethA cells). In the presence of 1-O
      octadecyl-2-O-methyl racemic glycero-3-phosphocholine (ET-18-OCH3), one of the
      most potent cytotoxic ALP, the acyltransferase was dose dependently inhibited in
      MethA cells with a 50% inhibition concentration at 40 micrograms/ml. The BMM phi
      acyltransferase was not affected up to 80 micrograms of ET-18-OCH3/ml. The
      kinetic parameters (Km' = 15.4 microM, Vmax' = 2.2 nmol X mg-1 X min-1) suggest
      that ET-18-OCH3 is a competitive inhibitor in MethA cells. Inhibitor constants
      for ET-18-OCH3, calculated from Dixon plots, were found to be 423 microM (BMM
      phi) and 13 microM (MethA cells) indicating a 33-fold larger affinity of ET-18
      OCH3 to the MethA cells than to the BMM phi acyltransferase. From these data we
      assume that the inhibition of oleic acid incorporation into cellular
      phosphocholine during the antineoplastic action of ALP may be due to different
      affinities of the inhibitor to the 1-acyl-GPC acyltransferases in different cell
      types.

PMID- 3711107
TI  - Interaction of sialoglycoproteins with wheat germ agglutinin-sepharose of varying
      ratio of lectin to Sepharose. Use for the purification of mucin glycoproteins
      from membrane extracts.
AB  - The influence of varying the amount of wheat germ agglutinin immobilized on
      Sepharose beads on the binding of glycoproteins to these beads was investigated.
      A series of wheat germ agglutinin-Sepharose gels containing between 0.10 and 10.0
      mg of lectin/ml of gel was prepared, and the actual lectin content was
      established by acid hydrolysis of the gel followed by analysis of glycine, a
      major amino acid in wheat germ agglutinin. Affinity chromatography of labeled
      glycoproteins indicated that glycophorin bound to all the wheat germ agglutinin
      Sepharose preparations. Fetuin, ovomucoid, and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein bound
      not at all or very poorly to gels with a low content of wheat germ agglutinin
      (less than 0.95 mg/ml). The specific binding of these glycoproteins increased
      with increasing lectin content on the gels, and on gels of high content (greater
      than 3 mg/ml) the binding was virtually quantitative. On chromatographing a
      mixture of glycophorin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, fetuin, and ovomucoid on wheat
      germ agglutinin-Sepharose, containing 0.08 mg of lectin/ml of gel, glycophorin
      was selectively retained on the gel. It was possible to purify glycophorin from
      an extract of human erythrocyte membranes in one step by chromatography on the
      above gel. By using the series of gels, it was demonstrated that Morris hepatoma
      7777 membranes contained at least 4-fold more sialoglycoproteins which bound to
      low density wheat germ agglutinin-Sepharose compared to rat liver membranes.
      These hepatoma sialoglycoproteins were isolated, purified, and partially
      characterized as having a high proportion of O-linked sialyloligosaccharides. Our
      studies illustrate the use of low density wheat germ agglutinin-Sepharose gels
      both for the detection and for easy isolation of mucin-type glycoproteins from
      crude extracts of cells or membranes.

PMID- 3711108
TI  - Multiple drug-resistant human KB carcinoma cells independently selected for high
      level resistance to colchicine, adriamycin, or vinblastine show changes in
      expression of specific proteins.
AB  - We have established four cell lines derived from the human KB carcinoma cell line
      which express high-level multiple drug resistance. One of these lines was
      selected for resistance to colchicine, one was selected for resistance to
      colchicine in the presence of the tumor promoter, mezerein, one for resistance to
      vinblastine, and one for resistance to adriamycin. All of these cell lines are
      cross-resistant to the other selective agents. The development of multidrug
      resistance in these cultured human carcinoma cells is associated with a limited
      number of specific protein alterations revealed by high resolution two
      dimensional gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis. These protein
      alterations in multidrug-resistant lines include the decreased prevalence of
      members of a family of proteins of molecular mass 70,000 to 80,000 daltons, pI
      4.8-5.0, the increased synthesis of a protein of molecular mass 21,000 daltons,
      pI 5.0, in the colchicine-resistant cell lines only, and the increased expression
      of a 170,000-dalton protein in membrane preparations from all of the resistant
      cells. The loss of the 70,000- to 80,000-dalton proteins in the multidrug
      resistant lines, which can also be demonstrated by immunoprecipitation of these
      proteins with specific antisera, is associated with a loss of translatable mRNA
      for these proteins. These studies suggest that only a limited number of protein
      changes occur in multidrug-resistant cell lines.

PMID- 3711109
TI  - NMR study of thymulin, a lymphocyte differentiating thymic nonapeptide.
      Conformational states of free peptide in solution.
AB  - The nonapeptide less than Glu-Ala-Lys-Ser-Gln-Gly-Gly-Ser-Asn (formerly called
      serum thymic factor) is a factor produced by the thymic epithelium, which needs a
      zinc ion to express its immunoregulatory properties. We report here on 1H and 13C
      NMR investigation of the conformational properties of the free peptide in aqueous
      medium and in dimethyl sulfoxide-d6 solution by a combination of homo- and
      heteronuclear one- and two-dimensional experiments. The various resonances have
      been assigned in a straightforward manner on the basis of 1H,1H COSY spectroscopy
      for the recognition of the proton spin systems; two-dimensional NOESY spectra
      with the correlation peaks across amide bonds and for the amino acid sequence
      assignment; amide bonds and for the amino acid sequence assignment; 13C,1H COSY
      experiments using selective polarization transfer from 1H- to 13C-nucleus via the
      13C,1H long-range couplings for the attribution of the carboxyl and carbonyl
      groups; and 13C,1H COSY experiments with selective polarization transfer via the
      13C,1H direct couplings for the assignment of all the aliphatic carbons. Other
      experiments such as pH-dependent chemical shifts, combined use of multiple and
      selective proton-decoupled 1H and 13C NMR spectra, the temperature and the
      concentration dependence of the proton shifts of the amide resonances, the
      solvent dependences of peptide carbonyl carbon resonances, and comparison of the
      spectra with three different analogues were performed. In aqueous solution, the
      data are compatible with the assumption of a highly mobile dynamic equilibrium
      among different conformations, whereas in dimethyl sulfoxide-d6, a more rigid
      structure is found involving three internal hydrogen bonds. These observations
      provide an insight into the conformational tendencies of this peptidic hormone in
      two different media.

PMID- 3711110
TI  - The tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate and regulatory
      diacylglycerols are substrates for the same carboxylesterase.
AB  - Rat liver homogenate or cell fractions deacylate 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13
      acetate (TPA) in vitro mainly by conversion to phorbol 13-acetate. The highest
      specific activity is located in the microsomal fraction. The deacylation is
      inhibited by bis-(4-nitrophenyl) phosphate, a selective inhibitor of nonspecific
      carboxylesterases. Only two of five purified esterases from rat liver endoplasmic
      reticulum deacylate TPA. These two esterases have formerly been characterized as
      acylcarnitine hydrolases and the more active one is also a potent diacylglycerol
      lipase. Its TPA-hydrolyzing activity is inhibited by other substrates like 1
      naphthylacetate, lauroylcarnitine, or dioleoyl glycerol. The results support the
      view that phorbol esters act like structural analogs of diacylglycerols, not only
      with respect to their activating effect on protein kinase C, but also as
      substrates for the same lipases.

PMID- 3711111
TI  - Characterization of Ca2+-stimulated secretion in permeable GH3 pituitary cells.
AB  - In this report, the secretory response to Ca2+ in GH3 rat pituitary cells
      permeabilized by electric field discharge has been compared in both magnitude and
      Ca2+ sensitivity to prolactin (PRL) release from intact GH3 cells. The half
      maximally effective [Ca2+] for stimulating PRL release in permeable cells was
      approximately 0.5 microM, and maximal stimulation was obtained at 3-10 microM
      Ca2+. The magnitude of Ca2+ stimulation in permeable cells was in the same range
      as that obtained from an equal number of intact cells stimulated by depolarizing
      K+. Moreover, the Ca2+ sensitivity of PRL release in intact GH3 cells (measured
      by Quin 2 fluorescence) closely resembled the Ca2+ sensitivity determined in
      permeable cells. Release of a sulfated proteoglycan whose release is stimulated
      by secretagogues in intact cells was stimulated by Ca2+ in permeable cells with
      the same Ca2+ sensitivity as for PRL release. Maximal Ca2+ stimulation of PRL
      release in permeable cells required the addition of MgATP. Other energy sources
      (ADP, GTP, and inorganic phosphate) also supported Ca2+-stimulated secretion but
      were less effective. The above results indicated that PRL release from permeable
      cells resembles the physiological process in intact cells. The permeable cell
      system should prove useful in investigating the mechanism mediating the effect of
      Ca2+ on secretion, although our studies with pharmacological agents have so far
      proved inconclusive. Among calmodulin antagonists tested, only trifluoroperazine
      inhibited Ca2+-stimulated secretion, whereas pimozide and calmidazolium did not.

PMID- 3711112
TI  - Evidence for the expression of three genes encoding homologous atrial gland
      peptides that cause egg laying in Aplysia.
AB  - Three peptide complexes which can induce egg laying in Aplysia were isolated from
      the atrial gland of the marine mollusc Aplysia californica and chemically
      characterized. Amino acid sequence analyses established the covalent structures,
      including disulfide assignments, of all three dimeric complexes. Each complex
      consisted of an identical 18-residue peptide (A-AP) which was disulfide-bonded to
      a 36-residue peptide that was homologous to bag cell egg-laying hormone (ELH).
      The primary structure of A-AP was determined to be: NH2-Asp-Ser-Asp-Val-Ser-Leu
      Phe-Asn-Gly-Asp-Leu-Leu-Pro-Asn-Gly-Arg-Cys- Ser-COOH. The primary structure of
      one of the three ELH-related peptides (A-ELH) was determined to be NH2-Ile-Ser
      Ile-Asn-Gln-Asp-Leu-Lys-Ala-Ile-Thr-Asp-Met-Leu-Leu-Thr-Glu- Gln-Ile-Gln-Ala-Arg
      Arg-Arg-Cys-Leu-Asp-Ala-Leu-Arg-Gln-Arg-Leu-Leu-Asp- -Leu-COOH. The two other ELH
      related peptides, [Ala27]A-ELH and [Gln23, Ala27]A-ELH, differed from A-ELH at 1
      and 2 residues, respectively. Both [Ala27] A-ELH and [Gln23, Ala27]A-ELH were
      novel peptide sequences representing products of as yet uncharacterized genes
      within the ELH family. These structural studies provide the first direct chemical
      evidence that an 18-residue peptide (A-AP) derived from a polypeptide precursor
      encoded by the A gene, as predicted from nucleotide sequence analysis, occurs in
      the atrial gland; the Cys17 residue of A-AP is disulfide-bonded to Cys25 of A
      ELH; and A-AP also occurs disulfide-bonded to two additional, previously
      undescribed ELH-related peptides, [Ala27]A-ELH and [Gln23, Ala27]A-ELH.

PMID- 3711113
TI  - Purification of a nickel-containing urease from the rumen anaerobe Selenomonas
      ruminantium.
AB  - Urease was purified 592-fold to homogeneity from the anaerobic rumen bacterium
      Selenomonas ruminantium. The urease isolation procedure included a heat step and
      ion-exchange, hydrophobic, gel filtration, and fast protein liquid
      chromatography. The purified enzyme exhibited a Km for urea of 2.2 +/- 0.5 mM and
      a Vmax of 1100 mumol of urea min-1 mg-1. The molecular mass estimated for the
      native enzyme was 360,000 +/- 50,000 daltons, whereas a subunit value of 70,000
      +/- 2,000 daltons was determined. These results are in contrast to the findings
      of Mahadevan et al. (Mahadevan, S., Sauer, F. D., and Erfle, J. D. (1977)
      Biochem. J. 163, 495-501) in which isolated rumen urease was reported to be one
      third this size (Mr 120,000-130,000) and to catalyze urea hydrolysis at a maximum
      velocity of only 53 mumol min-1 mg-1. S. ruminantium urease contained 2.1 +/- 0.4
      nickel ions/subunit, comparable to the nickel content in jack bean urease (Dixon,
      N.E., Gazzola, C., Blakeley, R.L., and Zerner, B. (1975) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 97,
      4131-4133). Thus, the active site of bacterial urease is very similar to that
      found in the plant enzymes.

PMID- 3711114
TI  - High resolution NMR studies of histidine-substituted and histidine-perturbed
      hemoglobin variants. Histidine assignments, electrostatic interactions at the
      protein surface, and implications for hemoglobin S polymerization.
AB  - The aromatic region of the proton NMR spectrum of human adult hemoglobin (HbA)
      contains resonances from at least 11 titratable histidine residues. Assignments
      for five beta chain histidines have previously been proposed. In order to further
      characterize the aromatic spectra of HbA we studied 11 histidine-substituted and 
      perturbed hemoglobin variants in oxy and deoxy states and at different pH values
      by 400 MHz NMR spectroscopy. We propose assignments for the resonances
      corresponding to the C2 protons of His alpha 20, His alpha 72, His alpha 112, and
      His beta 77 in oxy and deoxy spectra and of His beta 97 and His beta 117 in deoxy
      spectra. Our assignments for His beta 2 and His beta 117 in the oxy state agree
      with those previously reported for the CO form, but in the deoxy state our
      spectra suggest a different assignment. Studies with Hb variants in which a
      histidine is perturbed by a neighboring substitution suggest additional
      assignments for His alpha 50 and His alpha 89 and demonstrate a strong dependence
      of the imidazole ring pK on hydrogen bond interactions and on the net charge of
      neighboring residues. Some of the newly proposed assignments of histidine
      resonances are used to discuss specific intermolecular interactions implicating
      His alpha 20, His beta 77, and His beta 117 in deoxy HbS polymers.

PMID- 3711115
TI  - The role of arginyl residues in porphyrin binding to ferrochelatase.
AB  - The role of cationic amino acid residues in the binding of porphyrin substrates
      by purified bovine ferrochelatase (protoheme ferro-lyase, EC 4.99.1.1) have been
      examined via chemical modification with camphorquinone-10-sulfonic acid,
      phenylglyoxal, butanedione, and trinitrobenzene sulfonate. The data obtained show
      that modification of arginyl, but not lysyl, residues results in the rapid
      inactivation of ferrochelatase. The 2,4-disulfonate deuteroporphyrin, which is a
      competitive inhibitor of mammalian ferrochelatase, protects the enzyme against
      inactivation. Ferrous iron has no protective effect. Reaction with radiolabeled
      phenylglyoxal shows that modification of 1 arginyl residue causes maximum
      inhibition of enzyme activity. The inactivation does not follow simple pseudo
      first order reaction kinetics, but is distinctly biphasic in nature. Comparison
      of the enzyme kinetics for modified versus unmodified enzyme show that
      modification with camphorquinone-10-sulfonic acid has no effect on the Km for
      iron but does alter the Km for porphyrin.

PMID- 3711116
TI  - Mannose receptor-mediated uptake of ricin toxin and ricin A chain by macrophages.
      Multiple intracellular pathways for a chain translocation.
AB  - The role of the high mannose carbohydrate chains in the mechanism of action of
      ricin toxin was investigated. Ricin is taken up by two routes in macrophages, by
      binding to cell surface mannose receptors, or by binding of the ricin galactose
      receptor to cell surface glycoproteins. Removal of carbohydrate from ricin by
      periodate oxidation led to a large loss in toxicity via both routes of uptake by
      an effect on the B chain not due to a loss of galactose binding affinity. These
      data suggest that the carbohydrate chains of ricin B chain may be required for
      full toxicity. The pathway of uptake of ricin by the macrophage mannose receptor
      was found to differ in several respects from uptake via the galactose-specific
      pathway. Analysis of intoxication of macrophages by ricin in the presence of
      ammonium chloride suggested that mannose receptor bound ligand passes through
      acidic vesicles prior to translocation, unlike galactose bound ligand.
      Intoxication by ricin via galactose-specific uptake was potentiated by
      swainsonine but not by castanospermine, suggesting that ricin may be attacked by
      an endogenous mannosidase within the cell, and that ricin passes through either a
      lysosomal or a Golgi compartment prior to translocation.

PMID- 3711117
TI  - Increased vinblastine binding to membrane vesicles from multidrug-resistant KB
      cells.
AB  - Human KB carcinoma cells resistant to high levels of colchicine, vinblastine,
      vincristine, adriamycin, and actinomycin D exhibit reduced accumulation of these
      structurally unrelated chemotherapeutic agents (Akiyama, S.-I., Fojo, A.,
      Hanover, J. A., Pastan, I., and Gottesman, M. M. (1985) Somatic Cell Mol. Genet.
      11, 117-126; Fojo, A., Akiyama, S.-I., Gottesman, M. M., and Pastan, I. (1985)
      Cancer Res. 45, 3002-3007). To examine the mechanism of reduced drug accumulation
      in these cells, we measured [3H]vinblastine ([3H]VBL) binding to membrane
      vesicles made from drug-sensitive (KB-3-1), drug-resistant (KB-C4), and revertant
      (KB-R1) cells. Membrane vesicles from KB-C4 cells bound up to 8-fold more [3H]VBL
      than vesicles from the parental KB-3-1 or revertant KB-R1 cell lines. No
      difference in binding of [3H]dexamethasone, to which the cells are equally
      sensitive, was observed. The difference in [3H]VBL binding by vesicles from
      resistant and sensitive cells was eliminated by the addition of 10 micrograms/ml
      verapamil, which is known to reverse the multidrug-resistance phenotype. Drug
      binding by KB-C4 vesicles was osmotically insensitive, temperature-dependent, and
      trypsin-sensitive. Binding of [3H]VBL by KB-C4 vesicles was inhibited by
      vinblastine, vincristine, and daunomycin (in decreasing order). Dexamethasone at
      100 microM, colchicine at 100 microM, and actinomycin D at 100 microM did not
      significantly inhibit [3H]VBL accumulation. No significant differences in tubulin
      content were detected among vesicles from sensitive and resistant cells. These
      data demonstrate that membrane vesicles from multiply drug-resistant cells bind
      increased amounts of vinblastine.

PMID- 3711118
TI  - Proto-oncogene expression in regenerating liver is simulated in cultures of
      primary adult rat hepatocytes.
AB  - Proto-oncogene fos mRNA levels are rapidly and transiently elevated 12-fold in
      regenerating liver 10-60 min following partial hepatectomy. This response, and
      the induction of fos protein synthesis, has been simulated qualitatively and
      quantitatively in long term primary cultures of quiescent adult rat hepatocytes
      where proliferative transitions can be initiated directly in serum-free medium by
      known hepatocyte mitogens like epidermal growth factor. Expression of a second
      proto-oncogene, c-rasH, in proliferatively activated hepatocyte cultures between
      6 and 24 h also simulates the delayed hepatic response that occurs in vivo
      following partial hepatectomy. These results suggest that sequential proto
      oncogene expression during liver regeneration is caused directly by
      hepatocellular interactions with specific mitogens. In addition, a role for
      monovalent cations in the regulation of hepatocyte gene expression is implicated
      from findings that Na+ deprivation inhibits induction of fos expression in
      cultured hepatocytes by epidermal growth factor under chemically defined
      conditions.

PMID- 3711119
TI  - Binding of Drosophila heat-shock gene transcription factor to the hsp 70
      promoter. Evidence for symmetric and dynamic interactions.
AB  - A Drosophila heat-shock gene transcription factor (HSTF) has been shown to bind
      to three domains upstream from the TATA homology on a hsp 70 gene. The domain
      closest to the TATA homology consists of two contiguous binding sites with
      different binding affinities. Occupancy of the TATA homology proximal site (site
      1) coordinates HSTF binding to the neighboring site (site 2) in a cooperative
      manner (Topol, J., Ruden, D. M., and Parker, C. S. (1985) Cell 42, 527-537). We
      have used alkylation interference and protection experiments to determine which
      residues within the binding sites are closely contacted by the HSTF. The contacts
      inferred from these studies included the residues present in the consensus
      sequence found in all HSTF binding sites and exhibit rotational symmetry,
      suggestive of a multimeric HSTF. By employing a gel electrophoresis separation
      technique we were able to resolve two protein-DNA complexes consisting of site 1
      occupancy (complex A) and sites 1 and 2 occupancy (complex B). Analysis of these
      discrete species reveals that a subset of contacts within site 1 change upon HSTF
      binding to site 2, suggesting that a conformational change in the protein-DNA
      complex occurs. Implications for the activation of heat-shock gene transcription
      are discussed.

PMID- 3711120
TI  - Apolipoprotein D and cross-reacting human plasma apolipoproteins identified using
      monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - We have produced five hybridomas which secreted monoclonal antibodies that
      reacted with human plasma apolipoprotein D. On analysis by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis (PAGE) high density lipoproteins and lecithin:cholesterol
      acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.43)-enriched fractions of plasma contained many protein
      bands that reacted with the antibodies. Purified apolipoprotein D had the lowest
      Mr (29,000), the lowest pI (4.8-5.2), and the greatest migration on alkaline urea
      PAGE of all the immunoreactive bands. These characteristics agreed with those
      described for apolipoprotein D in the literature. The other immunoreactive
      proteins had apparent Mr from about 39,000 to 98,000, they migrated more slowly
      than apolipoprotein D on alkaline urea-PAGE, and there were 10 polymorphs on
      isoelectric focusing. These cross-reacting proteins were present in the high
      density lipoproteins of each of four individuals sampled on several occasions and
      in pooled plasma. All of the monoclonal antibodies reacted both with apo-D and
      the higher Mr cross-reacting proteins. Each of our five monoclonal antibodies
      bound to one of two distinct antigenic sites on apo-D, determined by antibody
      competition immunoassays. Neither of these two sites was composed of
      carbohydrate, but expression of both sites seemed to be influenced by thiol
      reducing agents: site 5G10 gained but 4E11 either lost immunoreactivity or was
      unchanged by reduction according to the conditions. We conclude that
      apolipoprotein D is only one of several plasma proteins, which contain two
      homologous polypeptide antigenic sites, recognized by monoclonal antibodies and
      also by a specific goat antiserum. Apolipoprotein D had the least Mr of these
      proteins.

PMID- 3711121
TI  - Cell-free synthesis, membrane integration, and glycosylation of pro-sucrase
      isomaltase.
AB  - Cell-free translation of total RNA from rabbit intestinal mucosa in a rabbit
      reticulocyte lysate, after immunoprecipitation with antibodies directed against
      sucrase-isomaltase, yielded a polypeptide of 200 kDa, which was identified as pro
      sucrase-isomaltase. Addition of dog pancreatic microsomal vesicles to the
      translation system resulted in the appearance of an additional 220-kDa
      polypeptide. The 220-kDa polypeptide was associated with the membranes in a way
      that made it inaccessible to proteolysis; this protection was abolished by lytic
      detergent concentrations, indicating that the polypeptide was segregated into the
      microsomal vesicle. The 220-kDa polypeptide was glycosylated as evidenced by it
      being bound to concanavalin A-Sepharose and eluted with alpha-methyl-D
      mannopyranoside. The increase in apparent molecular mass (approximately 20 kDa)
      of the primary translation product upon translocation was due to the addition of
      carbohydrate; treatment of the 220-kDa polypeptide with endo-beta-N
      acetylglucosaminidase H increased its electrophoretic mobility to that of the 200
      kDa polypeptide which was obtained in the absence of membranes. Partial N
      terminal amino acid sequence of a translation product labeled with [3H]Leu in the
      absence of membranes revealed that Leu was incorporated into identical positions
      as in the final (pro)-sucrase-isomaltase, thus indicating the lack of a transient
      signal peptide.

PMID- 3711122
TI  - Coordinate regulation of type IX and type II collagen synthesis during growth of
      chick chondrocytes in retinoic acid or 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine.
AB  - Chondrocytes isolated from 15-day-old embryonic chick sterna were cultured as
      monolayers for 7 days in control medium or in medium supplemented with retinoic
      acid or 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine. Control cells exhibited characteristic polygonal
      morphology and maintained the synthesis of cartilage-specific collagens, i.e.
      type II, type IX, 1 alpha, 2 alpha, and 3 alpha chains, and 45 K (presumptive
      type X). Type IX was the second most prevalent collagen and represented 12-15% of
      the phenotype. When exposed to retinoic acid, chrondrocytes displayed a
      fibroblast-like morphology and decreased collagen synthesis by day 2. The
      synthesis of collagen types II and IX declined in parallel along with that of the
      other cartilage collagens and ceased by day 7. During the same period, the
      synthesis of collagen types I, III, and V and two unidentified collagen chains
      was initiated and stimulated. Similar changes in collagen expression were caused
      by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine but were delayed, beginning after day 4. Type III
      collagen, however, was never detected in 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine or control
      cultures. Because two different agents and two rates of modulation produced
      parallel changes in the synthesis of collagen types II and IX, these collagens
      appear to be coordinately regulated.

PMID- 3711123
TI  - Purification and characterization of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (flavin
      linked) from rat liver mitochondria.
AB  - We have purified the membrane-intrinsic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from
      both normal and hyperthyroid rat liver mitochondria by extraction with Triton X
      100, hydrophobic affinity chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, gel
      filtration, and FAD-linked Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. The yields in
      both cases were over 20%, and purification ranged from 800- to 650-fold in
      mitochondria from hyperthyroid and normal rats, respectively. The final
      preparations appeared to be greater than 95% pure by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis in the presence or absence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The pure
      enzyme focused at pH 5.5 and produced a biphasic thermal inactivation plot at 50
      degrees C. The holoenzyme was found to have a molecular mass of 250,000 daltons
      on gel filtration. The subunit molecular mass was found to be 74,000 daltons +/-
      3,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis and high-performance liquid
      chromatography gel filtration in 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate. 1 mol of the
      holoenzyme preparation contains 1.1 mol of non-heme iron and 0.7-0.9 mol of
      noncovalently bound FAD. The absorption spectrum has a maximum at 375 nm and a
      shoulder at 450 nm which is bleached on treatment with sodium dithionite. The
      enzymatic reaction is competitively inhibited by glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate,
      dihydroxyacetone phosphate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and phosphoglycolic acid. The
      apparent Km for DL-alpha-glycerol 3-phosphate and noncovalently bound FAD were
      found to be 6 mM and 7 microM, respectively.

PMID- 3711124
TI  - Immunochemical evidence for a novel pertussis toxin substrate in human
      neutrophils.
AB  - Pertussis toxin catalyzes incorporation of 20.2 pmol of ADP-ribose/mg of protein
      into approximately 40-kDa protein(s) in human neutrophil membranes compared with
      14.1 pmol/mg in bovine brain membranes. Based on these measurements we estimate
      that pertussis toxin substrate(s) should represent at least 0.085% of total
      membrane protein in neutrophils. Both brain and neutrophil membranes show high
      concentrations (0.34 versus 0.16% of total membrane protein, respectively) of the
      common beta subunit of guanine nucleotide binding proteins. Affinity purified
      antibodies specific for Go-alpha fail to detect any protein in immunoblots of
      neutrophil membranes (150 micrograms) under conditions where as little as 10 ng
      of purified Go-alpha is detectable, and Go-alpha is readily detected in brain
      membranes (100 micrograms). An antiserum against transducin that cross-reacts
      strongly with Gi-alpha, detects as little as 5 ng of purified Gi-alpha and
      readily detects Gi-alpha in brain membranes, but in neutrophil membranes, the
      antiserum detects an approximately 40-kDa band that corresponds to less than 10%
      of the expected amount of pertussis toxin substrate(s). The results show that
      human neutrophil membranes contain relatively large amounts of pertussis toxin
      substrate(s), but that the predominant pertussis toxin substrate is
      immunochemically distinct from previously identified substrates, transducin, Gi,
      and Go.

PMID- 3711125
TI  - Mapping of epicardial deformation using a video processing technique.
AB  - A method has been developed to measure deformation of the canine epicardium
      during the cardiac cycle simultaneously in a number (eight) of small regions (1 X
      1 cm2). Approximately 50 white markers (diameter 1.5 mm) are attached to the
      epicardium and their motion is recorded on tape by a video camera. Marker
      positions are detected by computer processing of the digitized images. In each
      region the three deformation parameters are calculated from the displacements of
      all markers in that region by means of a least-squares criterium. In the
      experimental situation in the center of the area of the epicardium analyzed the
      accuracy of measuring circumferential strain, base-to-apex strain and shear is +/
      0.005, +/- 0.005 and +/- 0.002 rad, respectively. The method has been applied in
      an experiment in which local ischemia of the left ventricular wall was induced by
      occluding the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery. Healthy and
      ischemic regions could clearly be distinguished by the differences in
      deformation.

PMID- 3711126
TI  - Deformational strain energy and erythrocyte shape.
AB  - Analyses of erythrocyte deformation commonly assume the discocytic shape to be
      unstressed and hence to be without strain energy. This assumption is based on
      micropipet experiments and a theoretical disparity between observed and requisite
      curvature rigidity. The polynomial description of Evans and Fung and strain
      energy expressions introduced by Zarda et al. have been used to explore the
      dependence of erythrocyte strain energy on unstressed surface curvature and
      elastic moduli. As unstressed membrane curvature is varied from flatness to
      curvatures greater than that of the sphered erythrocyte, the strain energy is
      found to fall to a value about two-thirds that of the sphered cell. This value
      occurs for a cell with a thickness, surface area and volume comparable to those
      of observed erythrocytes assuming a curvature elastic modulus of 1.5 X 10(-11)
      ergs and an extensional elastic modulus of 6.6 X 10(-3) ergs cm-1. The
      erythrocyte so characterized has a slightly smaller diameter than that of the
      measured erythrocyte as does a cell similar in thickness to the expanded cell
      studied by Evans and Fung. A cup-shaped erythrocyte with similar surface area and
      volume has a slightly greater strain energy than the standard discocyte when its
      unstressed curvature is that of a sphered cell. Its strain energy falls below
      that of the discocyte as its unstressed curvature approaches flatness. Curvature
      strain energy was found to be concentrated in the dimple of the erythrocyte, the
      effect being more striking when unstressed curvature was greater. Extensional
      strain energy, lower in density, was concentrated at the equator. The basis for
      current emphasis on the unstressed discocyte is reviewed. While no clear
      conclusion can be reached, the alternative model presented here is attractive in
      explaining cup-shaped erythrocyte formation but requires a rather high resistance
      to curvature deformation. Until conclusive evidence is developed both the
      unstressed and the present discocyte models should be evaluated in examining
      erythrocyte deformation and adhesive behavior.

PMID- 3711127
TI  - An energy 'sources' and 'fractions' approach to the mechanical energy expenditure
      problem--I. Basic concepts, description of the model, analysis of a one-link
      system movement.
AB  - Different methods of determining mechanical energy expenditure for human movement
      are used in scientific research. However, the validity of some of these methods
      is open to question. The concept of 'sources' and 'fractions' of mechanical
      energy is introduced in this paper. Power phenomena in moving a one-link system
      are analyzed through the use of 'energy balance equations'. They represent the
      interrelationships between the powers of the 'sources' and the time rate of
      change the mechanical energy 'fractions'. Two ways of minimizing mechanical
      energy expenditure are discussed. They correspond to 'whip-type' and 'pendulum
      type' motion.

PMID- 3711128
TI  - An energy 'sources' and 'fractions' approach to the mechanical energy expenditure
      problem--II. Movement of the multi-link chain model.
AB  - Movement of a multi-link chain model is treated using the 'sources' and
      'fractions' concept introduced earlier (part I of this series, J. Biomechanics
      19, 287-293). 'The energy balance equations', i.e. the relations between the
      powers of the sources and the time rate of change of the total energy of the
      links are obtained. It is shown that the action of joint forces can promote
      energy transfers between links and energy transformations of the energy fractions
      of the links but it cannot change the total energy of the system. A formula for
      the mechanical energy expenditure for the control moments is deduced. 'External'
      and 'internal' energy balance equations are derived. 'External' energy is the
      energy of the general center of mass, 'internal' energy is the energy of the
      links in their motion relative to the general center of mass. It is shown that
      'external' and 'internal' work depend on each other and their sum is not equal to
      the mechanical energy expenditure which occurs during movement of the body. This
      is because of the possibility of some source powers to change the external and
      internal energy of the system simultaneously out of phase with each other.

PMID- 3711129
TI  - An energy 'sources' and 'fractions' approach to the mechanical energy expenditure
      problem--III. Mechanical energy expenditure reduction during one link motion.
AB  - Mechanical energy economy and transformation during one link motion are analyzed
      on the basis of the theory developed in the previous publications (parts I and II
      of this series, J. Biomechanics 19, 287-300). The 'compensation coefficient'
      characterizing mechanical energy economy is introduced. The attempts to estimate
      MEE using only energy curves and neglecting the powers of real sources of energy
      implicitly lead to replacement of real force and moment systems by the systems
      reduced to the centers of mass. But such an unintentional substitution of
      imaginary sources for real ones, specifically, the reduction of forces acting on
      the link to the equivalent system, changes estimates of mechanical energy
      expenditure (MEE). That is why the methods of calculating MEE economy based on
      the determination of so-called 'quasi-mechanical' work (the sum of the kinetic
      and potential energy increases per one cycle of motion) are not correct. There
      are two mechanisms to reduce the MEE using the antiphase fluctuations
      (corresponding to energy transformations) of the (a) rotational and translational
      fractions of the total energy (at the expense of the F-sources); (b) potential
      and kinetic energies (at the expense of the mg-source).

PMID- 3711130
TI  - An energy 'sources' and 'fractions' approach to the mechanical energy expenditure
      problem--IV. Criticism of the concept of 'energy transfers within and between
      links'.
AB  - The methods of evaluation of mechanical energy economy during human movement
      based on the calculation of three different values of work (Wwb, Ww, Wn),
      corresponding to three hypothetical types of energy exchange, are subject to
      criticism. Only the value of work, Wwb, calculated under the assumption of energy
      transfers between links and energy transformations within links, can be useful as
      the lowest limit of mechanical energy expenditure (MEE) for the control (for the
      cases when the powers of the external sources are equal to zero). In the
      particular case when all of the joint powers Mi,i+1 (phi i+1 -phi i) have the
      same signs and all sources of external energy are absent, Wwb equals the MEE for
      the control.

PMID- 3711131
TI  - An energy 'sources' and 'fractions' approach to the mechanical energy expenditure
      problem--V. The mechanical energy expenditure reduction during motion of the
      multi-link system.
AB  - Mechanical energy economy during motion of the multi-link system is analyzed on
      the basis of the theory developed in the previous publications (parts I-IV of
      this series, J. Biomechanics 19, 287-309). The compensation coefficients for the
      F- and M-sources and also the absolute compensation coefficient reflecting the
      mechanical energy economy due to four possible resources are introduced. These
      resources are the antiphase fluctuations of (I) each link's total energy
      fractions involving energy transformations between (1) rotational and
      translational fractions by F-sources, (2) kinetic and potential fractions by mg
      source; (II) the links' total energies involving energy transfers between (3)
      links by F-sources, (4) links by M-sources. The conditions of mechanical energy
      economy, particularly due to M-sources, are analyzed.

PMID- 3711132
TI  - On the relation between joint moments and pedalling rates at constant power in
      bicycling.
AB  - Joint moments are of interest because they bear some relation to muscular effort
      and hence rider performance. The general objective of this study is to explore
      the relation between joint moments and pedalling rate (i.e. cadence). Joint
      moments are computed by modelling the leg-bicycle system as a five-bar linkage
      constrained to plane motion. Using dynamometer pedal force data and potentiometer
      crank and pedal position data, system equations are solved on a computer to
      produce moments at the ankle, knee and hip joints. Cadence and pedal forces are
      varied inversely to maintain constant power. Results indicate that average joint
      moments vary considerably with changes in cadence. Both hip and knee joints show
      an average moment which is minimum near 105 rotations min-1 for cruising cycling.
      It appears that an optimum rotations min-1 can be determined from a mechanical
      approach for any given power level and bicycle-rider geometry.

PMID- 3711133
TI  - A finite element study of a lumbar motion segment subjected to pure sagittal
      plane moments.
AB  - A nonlinear finite element program has been developed and applied to the analysis
      of a three-dimensional model of the lumbar L2-3 motion segment subjected to
      sagittal plane moments. The analysis accounts for both material and geometric
      nonlinearities and is based on the Updated Lagrangian approach. The disc nucleus
      has been considered as an incompressible inviscid fluid and the annulus as a
      composite of collagenous fibres embedded in a matrix of ground substance.
      Articulation at the facet joints has been treated as a general moving contact
      problem and the spinal ligaments have been modelled as a collection of nonlinear
      axial elements. Effects of the loss of intradiscal pressure in flexion and of
      facetectomy in extension have been analyzed. Comparison of the predicted gross
      response characteristics with available measurements indicates satisfactory
      agreement. In flexion relatively large intradiscal pressures are generated, while
      in extension negative pressures (i.e. suction) of low magnitude are predicted.
      The stress distribution results indicate that the load transfer path through the
      posterior elements of the joint in flexion is different from that in extension.
      In flexion the ligaments are the means of load transfer, while in extension the
      load is transmitted through the pedicles, laminae and articular processes. In
      flexion, the inner annulus fibres at the posterolateral location are subject to
      maximum tensile strain. It is suggested that large flexion moment in combination
      with other loads is a likely cause of disc prolapse commonly found at this
      location of the annulus.

PMID- 3711134
TI  - Bacterial inhibition by electrical activation of percutaneous silver implants.
AB  - Percutaneous silver wire implants were looped through the dorsal skin of rats and
      inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus to test the effect on bacteria in the
      tract. The silver was activated with four brief daily applications of anodic
      microcurrent. Contralateral 316L stainless steel implants, identically
      inoculated, served as controls. Cultures from the silver tracts showed a marked
      reduction or elimination of bacteria, which persisted for the 3-week study
      period. In tracts with colonization established for 1 week, subsequent electrical
      activation of the silver also suppressed the bacteria. Inflammatory reactions at
      3 weeks were mild at both the silver and stainless implants and no giant cells or
      toxicity were seen. This suggests that electrically activated silver may be
      useful in preventing or treating infection at percutaneous devices.

PMID- 3711135
TI  - Use of concentrated fibrinogen in experimental tracheal repair.
AB  - Tracheal stenosis is a devastating complication of tracheal resection that may be
      related to improper suture selection and technique, as well as extensive surgical
      devascularization. This study evaluated Fibrin Sealant (FS) (Immuno AG, Vienna,
      Austria), a two-component biologic adhesive, as a method for reducing the need
      for sutures in tracheal surgery. This adhesive has been found to be effective in
      face-to-face sealing of tissues, wound healing, and in establishing hemostasis.
      Six adult mongrel dogs underwent tracheal repair with FS. Three had tracheal
      hemitransections (approximately three quarters of the circumference) and were
      repaired using one absorbable suture and FS, and three had complete transections
      (with resection of two tracheal rings each) repaired using five absorbable
      sutures and FS. The animals were killed at varying intervals ranging from 6 h to
      6 weeks. No animal had gross evidence of significant tracheal stenosis, and the
      endotracheal mucosa appeared well healed. We conclude that the use of FS in
      tracheal reconstruction results in a stable, leakless trachea, and that it
      significantly reduces the number of sutures needed; this may lead to a decreased
      potential for anastomotic ischemia and tracheal stenosis.

PMID- 3711136
TI  - Acute surface-induced thrombosis in the canine ex vivo model: importance of
      protein composition of the initial monolayer and platelet activation.
AB  - The initial events occurring at the blood-polymer interface were examined using a
      canine ex vivo arteriovenous shunt model. Thrombogenic (fibrinogen) and
      nonthrombogenic (albumin) proteins were preadsorbed on poly(vinyl chloride),
      polyethylene, and silicone rubber shunt surfaces, and the blood responses were
      analyzed using the platelet deposition profile as an indicator of surface
      thrombogenicity. The distributions of preadsorbed protein molecules on the
      various polymer surfaces were studied using an immunogold bead (colloidal gold
      particles coated with antibodies) staining technique and shown to be homogeneous.
      A sequential protein adsorption technique was developed to probe the nature of
      competitive protein adsorption and to observe the effect of surface protein
      concentration on thrombogenicity. The thrombogenicity of a surface was determined
      by the composition of the initial protein layer rather than the total
      concentration of protein on the polymer surfaces. The composition of this layer
      determines the extent of platelet activation and the adhesive strength between
      platelets and the polymer surface.

PMID- 3711137
TI  - A model of thrombin inactivation in heparinized and nonheparinized tubes with
      consequences for thrombus formation.
AB  - The role of flow and mass transport in determining procoagulant concentration at
      the wall of synthetic and natural cylindrical blood vessels is analyzed
      theoretically. The model assumes steady laminar flow and considers, in addition
      to the fluid dynamic parameters, three rate-determining steps: production of
      procoagulant (thrombin) and its inactivation at the wall, as well as inactivation
      in the fluid bulk. The ratio of thrombin wall concentration to production rate
      Cw/N emerges as a critical parameter in characterizing the behavior of the tube
      wall. With a wall-inactivation rate typical of heparinized materials, Cw/N = 11.1
      s/cm, independent of flow (shear rate) and axial position. This is significantly
      less than the range of Cw/N (50-500 s/cm) for which the thrombin concentration is
      high enough to result in significant fibrin formation and thrombosis. Hence
      little fibrin formation and a high degree of thromboresistance is expected for
      heparinized materials. Nonheparinized materials have Cw/N values above this
      range, which are only weakly dependent on shear rate and diameter, suggesting
      that flow-induced dispersion of thrombin (or other procoagulants) has limited
      impact on the thrombin wall concentration. These latter results appear to refute
      the conventional wisdom that attributes the relative patency of large-diameter
      vessels and differences between venous and arterial thrombi to such flow effects.
      It is likely that additional factors such as flow pulsatility and wall geometry
      must be considered to account for these observations.

PMID- 3711138
TI  - Quantitative characterization of cells at the interface of long-term implants of
      selected polymers.
AB  - Comprehensive understanding of the relationship between biologic response and
      biomaterial characteristic requires quantitative evaluation of the cells at the
      interface of the material and descriptions of ultrastructural features of these
      cells. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively and quantitatively
      characterize the long term in vivo tissue and cellular response to two polymeric
      materials presently employed in the fabrication of surgical implants. Ultrahigh
      molecular weight polyethylene (PE) and polysulfone (PSF) particles were implanted
      subcutaneously into rats for 100-118 weeks. Specimens were embedded in paraffin
      and ERL embedding medium in preparation for light and transmission electron
      microscopy. Percentage of the particle surface covered by various cell types was
      determined using a computer interactive image analysis system. PE and PSF
      particles were sequestered within a subcutaneous fibrous capsule. Cell types
      present included macrophages, fibroblasts and giant cells characteristic of a
      foreign body granuloma. Statistical comparison of the percent particle surface
      covered by each cell type revealed no significant difference between PSF and PE.
      However, surface texture appeared to influence the tissue response. TEM confirmed
      the identity of the cells at the interface and consistently revealed a layer of
      amorphous extracellular substance including cell debris on the material surface.
      Results evidence the tissue compatibility of PE and PSF and indicate no
      significant difference in the tissue response to these polymers.

PMID- 3711139
TI  - Biodegradation of and tissue reaction to poly(DL-lactide) microcapsules.

PMID- 3711140
TI  - Platelet adhesion to surfaces treated with glow discharge and albumin.

PMID- 3711141
TI  - Metabolic inhibitors block anaphase A in vivo.
AB  - Anaphase in dividing guard mother cells of Allium cepa and stamen hair cells of
      Tradescantia virginiana consists almost entirely of chromosome-to-pole motion, or
      anaphase A. Little or no separation of the poles (anaphase B) occurs. Anaphase is
      reversibly blocked at any point by azide or dinitrophenol, with chromosome motion
      ceasing 1-10 min after application of the drugs. Motion can be stopped and
      restarted several times in the same cell. Prometaphase, metaphase, and
      cytoplasmic streaming are also arrested. Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl
      hydrazone also stops anaphase, but its effects are not reversible. Whereas the
      spindle collapses in the presence of colchicine, the chromosomes seem to "freeze"
      in place when cells are exposed to respiratory inhibitors. Electron microscope
      examination of dividing guard mother cells fixed during azide and dinitrophenol
      treatment reveals that spindle microtubules are still present. Our results show
      that chromosome-to-pole motion in these cells is sensitive to proton ionophores
      and electron transport inhibitors. They therefore disagree with recent reports
      that anaphase A does not require a continuous supply of energy. It is possible,
      however, that anaphase does not directly use ATP but instead depends on the
      energy of chemical and/or electrical gradients generated by cellular membranes.

PMID- 3711142
TI  - Determination of the intracellular state of soluble macromolecules by gel
      filtration in vivo in the cytoplasm of amphibian oocytes.
AB  - A method to examine the diffusible state and the sizes of major cytoplasmic
      proteins in a living cell is described. Small (40-300 microns) commercially
      available gel filtration beads of a broad range of Mr exclusion limits were
      microsurgically implanted into the cytoplasm of oocytes of the frog, Xenopus
      laevis, usually after metabolic labeling of oocyte proteins with [35S]methionine.
      After equilibration in vivo for several hours, the appearance of the implanted
      cells, notably the bead-cytoplasm boundary, was examined by light and electron
      microscopy of sections and found to be unaffected. After incubation the beads
      were isolated, briefly rinsed, and their protein contents examined by one- or two
      dimensional gel electrophoresis. We show that diffusible proteins can be
      identified by their inclusion in the pores of the gel filtration beads used and
      that their approximate sizes can be estimated from the size exclusion values of
      the specific materials used. The application of this method to important cell
      biological questions is demonstrated by showing that several "karyophobic
      proteins," i.e., proteins of the cytosolic fraction which accumulate in the
      cytoplasm in vivo, are indeed diffusible in the living oocyte and appear with
      sizes similar to those determined in vitro. This indicates that the nucleo
      cytoplasmic distribution of certain diffusible proteins is governed, in addition
      to size exclusion at nuclear pore complexes and karyophilic "signals," by other,
      as yet unknown forces. Some possible applications of this method of gel
      filtration in vivo are discussed.

PMID- 3711143
TI  - Effects of cytochalasin D on occluding junctions of intestinal absorptive cells:
      further evidence that the cytoskeleton may influence paracellular permeability
      and junctional charge selectivity.
AB  - Intestinal absorptive cells may modulate both the structure and function of
      occluding junctions by a cytoskeleton dependent mechanism (Madara, J. L., 1983,
      J. Cell Biol., 97:125-136). To further examine the putative relationship between
      absorptive cell occluding junctions and the cytoskeleton, we assessed the effects
      of cytochalasin D (CD) on occluding junction function and structure in guinea pig
      ileum using ultrastructural and Ussing chamber techniques. Maximal decrements in
      transepithelial resistance and junctional charge selectivity were obtained with
      10 micrograms/ml CD and the dose-response curves for these two functional
      parameters were highly similar. Analysis of simultaneous flux studies of sodium
      and the nonabsorbable extracellular tracer mannitol suggested that CD opened a
      transjunctional shunt and that this shunt could fully account for the increase in
      sodium permeability and thus the decrease in resistance. Structural studies
      including electron microscopy of detergent-extracted cytoskeletal preparations
      revealed that 10 micrograms/ml CD produced condensation of filamentous elements
      of the peri-junctional contractile ring and that this was associated with brush
      border contraction as assessed by scanning electron microscopy. Quantitative
      freeze-fracture studies revealed marked aberrations in absorptive cell occluding
      junction structure including diminished strand number, reduced strand-strand
      cross-linking, and failure of strands to impede the movement of intramembrane
      particles across them. In aggregate these studies show that CD-induced
      perturbation of the absorptive cell cytoskeleton results in production of a
      transepithelial shunt which is fully explained by a defect in the transjunctional
      pathway. Furthermore, substantial structural abnormalities in occluding junction
      structure accompany this response. Lastly, the abnormalities in occluding
      junction structure and function coincide with structural changes in and
      contraction of the peri-junctional actin-myosin ring. These data suggest that a
      functionally relevant association may exist between the cytoskeleton and the
      occluding junction of absorptive cells. We speculate that such an association may
      serve as a mechanism by which absorptive cells regulate paracellular transport.

PMID- 3711144
TI  - Biogenesis of the crystalloid endoplasmic reticulum in UT-1 cells: evidence that
      newly formed endoplasmic reticulum emerges from the nuclear envelope.
AB  - The crystalloid endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a specialized smooth ER of the
      compactin-resistant UT-1 cell, is composed of multiple membrane tubules packed
      together in a hexagonal pattern. This membrane contains large amounts of 3
      hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase, an integral membrane
      protein that enzymatically regulates endogenous cholesterol biosynthesis. Using
      morphological and immunocytochemical techniques, we have traced the sequence of
      events in the biogenesis of this ER when compactin-withdrawn UT-1 cells, which do
      not have a crystalloid ER, are incubated in the presence of compactin. After 15 h
      of incubation in the presence of compactin, many cells had profiles of ER
      cisternae that were juxtaposed to the nuclear envelope and studded with ribosomes
      on their outer membrane. Both the outer nuclear membrane and the ER membrane
      contained HMG CoA reductase; however, there was little or no detectable enzyme in
      rough ER that was free in the cytoplasm. With longer times of incubation in the
      presence of compactin, these cells had lamellar stacks of smooth ER next to the
      nuclear envelope that contained HMG CoA reductase. Coordinate with the appearance
      of the smooth ER, crystalloid ER appeared in the same cell. Often regions of
      continuity were found between the membrane of the smooth ER and the membrane of
      the crystalloid ER tubules. These studies suggest that HMG CoA reductase is
      synthesized along the outer nuclear membrane and in response to increased enzyme
      synthesis, a membrane emerges from the outer nuclear membrane as smooth ER
      cisternae, which then transforms into crystalloid ER tubules.

PMID- 3711145
TI  - Membrane protein redistribution during Xenopus first cleavage.
AB  - A large increase in surface area must accompany formation of the amphibian embryo
      first cleavage furrow. The additional membrane for this areal expansion has been
      thought to be provided entirely from cytoplasmic stores during furrowing. We have
      radioiodinated surface proteins of fertilized, precleavage Xenopus laevis embryos
      and followed their redistribution during first cleavage by autoradiography. Near
      the end of first cleavage, membrane of the outer, pigmented surface of the embryo
      and a short band of membrane at the leading edge of the furrow displayed a high
      silver grain density, but the remainder of the furrow membrane was lightly
      labeled. The membrane of the cleavage furrow is thus mosaic in character; the
      membrane at the leading edge originates in part from the surface of the zygote,
      but most of the membrane lining the furrow walls is derived from a source
      inaccessible to surface radioiodination. The furrow membrane adjacent to the
      outer, pigmented surface consistently showed a very low silver grain density and
      was underlain by large membranous vesicles, suggesting that new membrane derived
      from cytoplasmic precursors is inserted primarily in this location, at least
      during the later phase of cleavage. Radioiodinated membrane proteins and surface
      attached carbon particles, which lie in the path of the future furrow, contract
      toward the animal pole in the initial stages of cleavage while markers in other
      regions do not. We suggest that the domain of heavily labeled membrane at the
      leading edge of the definitive furrow contains the labeled elements that are
      gathered at the animal pole during the initial surface contraction and that they
      include membrane anchors for the underlying contractile ring of microfilaments.

PMID- 3711146
TI  - Rapid adhesion of nerve cells to muscle fibers from adult rats is mediated by a
      sialic acid-binding receptor.
AB  - Single viable muscle fibers isolated from adult rats by collagenase digestion
      rapidly bind dissociated spinal neurons or PC-12 cells but not a variety of other
      cells tested. The adhesion process is calcium-independent, temperature-sensitive,
      and is not blocked by pretreating cells with inhibitors of energy metabolism or
      actin polymerization. Adhesion is mediated by a carbohydrate-binding protein and
      can be inhibited by N-acetylneuraminic acid or mucin, a glycoprotein with high
      sialic acids content. The hapten inhibitors do not dissociate cells if added
      after aggregation has occurred. Experiments to block adhesion by pretreatment of
      cells with either neuraminidase or mucin show that the sialic acids-rich moiety
      is on the nerve cells, while its receptor is on the muscle fibers.

PMID- 3711147
TI  - Type X collagen synthesis during in vitro development of chick embryo tibial
      chondrocytes.
AB  - In the developing chick embryo tibia type X collagen is synthesized by
      chondrocytes from regions of hypertrophy and not by chondrocytes from other
      regions (Capasso, O., G. Tajana, and R. Cancedda, 1984, Mol. Cell. Biol. 4:1163
      1168; Schmid, T. M., and T. F. Linsenmayer, 1985, Dev. Biol. 107:375-381). To
      investigate further the relationship between differentiation of endochondral
      chondrocytes and type X collagen synthesis we have developed a novel culture
      system for chondrocytes from 29-31-stage chick embryo tibiae. At the beginning of
      the culture these chondrocytes are small and synthesize type II and not type X
      collagen, but when grown on agarose-coated dishes they further differentiate into
      hypertrophic chondrocytes that synthesize type X collagen. The synthesis of type
      X collagen has been monitored in cultured cells by analysis of labeled collagens
      and in vitro translation of mRNAs. When the freshly dissociated chondrocytes are
      plated in anchorage-permissive dishes, most of the cells attach and
      dedifferentiate, as revealed by their fibroblastic morphology. Dedifferentiated
      chondrocytes, after several passages, can still reexpress the differentiated
      phenotype and continue their development to hypertrophic, type X collagen
      synthesizing chondrocytes. Hypertrophic chondrocytes, when plated in anchorage
      permissive dishes, attach, maintaining the differentiated phenotype, and continue
      the synthesis of type X collagen.

PMID- 3711148
TI  - Role of fibronectin in the migration of fibroblasts into plasma clots.
AB  - The adhesion and migration of human diploid fibroblasts on plasma clots were
      measured. The role of plasma fibronectin was examined by depleting plasma of
      fibronectin before clotting. Fibronectin was not essential for cell adhesion and
      spreading, although rates were slightly slower on depleted clots. Rates of
      migration on the surface of clots were unaffected by fibronectin depletion. In
      contrast, fibronectin was an absolute requirement for migration of cells into
      plasma clots. Cells migrated rapidly into control clots but completely failed to
      penetrate the surface of fibronectin-depleted clots. The effect of depletion
      could only be reversed by adding fibronectin to depleted plasma before clotting.
      Adsorption of fibronectin after clotting failed to reverse the effect of
      depletion, suggesting that fibronectin had to be cross-linked by transglutaminase
      during the clotting process.

PMID- 3711149
TI  - Synthesis and stability of nuclear matrix proteins in resting and serum
      stimulated Swiss 3T3 cells.
AB  - The major [35S]methionine-radiolabeled nuclear matrix proteins of mouse 3T3 cells
      were isolated, and most of these were found to be similar in molecular weight,
      charge, and protease fingerprint to the nuclear matrix proteins of African green
      monkey kidney cells, which are found tightly bound to simian virus 40
      chromosomes. These nuclear matrix proteins were found to be synthesized in
      quiescent and serum-stimulated cells and to be turned over slowly during pulse
      chase experiments. In contrast, a 70-Kd (kilodalton) neutral protein identified
      as lamin a was found to be turned over rapidly, producing a 68-Kd protein with a
      similar isoelectric point. In addition, we observed a decrease in the amounts of
      two chromatin-bound matrix proteins and a relative increase in lamin a following
      labeling in the presence of 2 micrograms/ml actinomycin D. However, these effects
      do not appear to be a result of inhibition of transcription, since they were not
      observed with other inhibitors (alpha-amanitin and 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D
      ribofuranosylbenzimidazole).

PMID- 3711150
TI  - Alternative interpretation for the osmotic response of human erythrocytes.
AB  - In a recent publication, Heubusch et al. (J Cell. Physiol, 122:266-272, 1985)
      reported changes of erythrocyte volume measured by the Coulter counter technique
      over a wide range of osmolalities (160 to 3000 m0sm). Their results showed a
      partially hindered, nonlinear response, in contrast to classical observations
      made over more restricted osmolality ranges, using other methods. The authors
      suggested the underlying cause of this behavior to be a mechanical resistance of
      the membrane cytoskeleton. In this paper, we wish to offer a different
      interpretation of their results on erythrocyte osmotic behavior, based on similar
      experiments carried out in our laboratory, and supported by previous analyses
      from the literature. In particular, it is shown that the shape-factor correction
      to the electronic sizing measurement can correctly account for the observed
      deviations from linearity in the hypotonic range. In contrast, increased chemical
      nonideality and eventual hemolysis are the likely factors responsible for the
      behavior in the hypertonic range.

PMID- 3711151
TI  - Regulation of cell attachment and cell number by fibronectin and laminin.
AB  - We have examined the effect of laminin and fibronectin on the attachment and
      growth on type IV collagen of a line of mouse epithelial cells and a strain of
      adult human fibroblasts. Laminin stimulated attachment of the epidermal cells and
      fibronectin stimulated fibroblast attachment. At high concentrations (100
      micrograms/ml), the attachment proteins altered the growth of cells in culture.
      The epidermal cells grew better in media containing fibronectin-free serum
      supplemented with laminin. Fibroblasts, on the other hand, grew best in media
      containing serum supplemented with fibronectin. These data suggest that laminin
      promotes epithelial cell growth whereas fibronectin promotes fibroblast growth.
      This observation was confirmed when these cells were cocultured in the presence
      of the attachment proteins or of their respective antibodies. The mouse epidermal
      cells grew best when laminin was added to cocultures of fibroblasts and
      epithelial cells. Fibroblasts grew best in the presence of antibody to laminin
      and poorly in the presence of antibody to fibronectin. Thus, fibronectin and
      laminin may participate in the regulation of cell populations in vivo and may be
      involved in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions.

PMID- 3711152
TI  - One- and two-dimensional NMR spectral analysis of the consequences of single
      amino acid replacements in proteins.
AB  - The traditional approach of using homologous sequences to elucidate the role of
      specific amino acid residues in protein structure and function becomes more
      meaningful as the number of differences is minimized, with the limit being
      alteration of a single residue. For small proteins in solution, NMR spectroscopy
      offers a means of obtaining detailed information about each residue and its
      response to a given change in the protein sequence. Extraction of this
      information has been aided by recent progress in spectrometer technology (higher
      magnetic fields, more sensitive signal detection, more sophisticated computers)
      and experimental strategies (new NMR pulse sequences including multiple-quantum
      and two-dimensional NMR methods). The set of avian ovomucoid third domains, which
      consists of the third domain proper plus a short leader (connecting peptide) and
      has a maximum of 56 amino acid residues, offers an attractive system for
      developing experimental methods for investigating sequence-structure and
      structure-function relationships in proteins. Our NMR results provide examples of
      sequence effects on pKa' values, average conformation, and internal motion of
      amino acid side chains.

PMID- 3711153
TI  - The coelomic envelope to vitelline envelope conversion in eggs of Xenopus laevis.
AB  - An amphibian egg recovered from the body cavity is enclosed by a coelomic egg
      envelope. Upon transport down the oviduct, the envelope is converted to the
      vitelline envelope. The coelomic and vitelline envelopes are distinct in terms of
      sperm penetrability, ultrastructural morphology, and radioiodination profiles. In
      this study, the macromolecular compositions of these two envelopes were
      determined. Isolated envelopes were compared by one- and two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis, peptide mapping, and radiolabeling. A protein with a molecular
      weight of 57,000 (57K) was present in the vitelline envelope but was absent in
      the coelomic envelope. A glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 43K in the
      coelomic envelope was converted to a component with a molecular weight of 41K in
      the vitelline envelope. The 43K-molecular weight component of the coelomic
      envelopes could be radioiodinated by lactoperoxidase but no labeling of the 41K
      molecular weight component occurred in the vitelline envelope. Peptide mapping
      using limited proteolysis established that the 43K-molecular weight component of
      the coelomic envelope was a precursor to the 41K-molecular weight component of
      the vitelline envelope. These molecular alterations may underlie the
      ultrastructural and physiological changes occurring in these envelopes.

PMID- 3711154
TI  - Spectrin involvement in a 40 degrees C structural transition of the red blood
      cell membrane.
AB  - Proteins involved in a structural transition detected in red blood cell membranes
      at 40 degrees C by spin labeling methods have been investigated. Antibodies
      specific for spectrin, band 3, and protein 4.1 have been used as specific probes
      to modify membrane thermotropic properties. Spectrin seems to be involved in a 40
      degrees C transition detected in ghosts by both a stearic acid spin label (16
      doxyl stearic) and a sulfhydryl-specific maleimide analogue spin label. Circular
      dichroism and maleimide spin labeling studies of purified spectrin show a slow
      unfolding of the protein structure starting at 25-30 degrees C and a massive
      transition with an onset temperature of 48 and 40 degrees C, respectively. This
      thermotropic behavior of spectrin could be the process that modifies membrane
      physicochemical properties above 40 degrees C that are detected by the stearic
      acid spin label. The transition detected by the stearic acid spin label was
      modified both by antispectrin antibodies and anti-4.1 protein antibodies, but not
      by antibodies specific for the cytoplasmic domain of band 3. These results
      suggest an involvement of protein 4.1 in regulating spectrin unfolding at the
      membrane level. A selective inhibition of the transition detected by the
      maleimide spin label has been obtained with a monoclonal antispectrin antibody at
      1:1 molar ratio. The involvement in this transition of a localized spectrin
      domain(s) containing few exposed sulfhydryl groups is proposed.

PMID- 3711155
TI  - Selective gene expression in focal cerebral ischemia.
AB  - Regional patterns of protein synthesis were examined in rat cortex made ischemic
      by the occlusion of the right common carotid and middle cerebral arteries. At 2 h
      of ischemia, proteins were pulse labeled with intracortical injections of a
      mixture of [3H]leucine, [3H]isoleucine, and [3H]proline. Newly synthesized
      proteins were analyzed by two-dimensional gel fluorography, and the results
      correlated with local CBF, measured with [14C]iodoantipyrine as tracer. Small
      blood flow reductions (CBF = 50-80 ml 100 g-1 min-1) were accompanied by a modest
      inhibition in synthesis of many proteins and a marked increase in one protein (Mr
      27,000). With further reduction in blood flow (CBF = 40 ml 100 g-1 min-1),
      synthesis became limited to a small group of proteins (Mr 27,000, 34,000, 73,000,
      79,000, and actin) including two new polypeptides (Mr 55,000 and 70,000). Severe
      ischemia (CBF = 15-25 ml 100 g-1 min-1) caused the isoelectric modification of
      several proteins (Mr 44,000, 55,000, and 70,000) and induced synthesis of another
      protein (Mr 40,000). Two polypeptides (Mr 27,000 and 70,000) dominated residual
      protein synthesis in severe ischemia. The changes in protein synthesis induced by
      different grades of ischemia most likely comprise a variation of the so-called
      "heat shock" or "stress" response found in all eukaryotic cells subjected to
      adverse conditions. Since heat shock genes are known to confer partial protection
      against anoxia and a variety of other noxious insults, their induction may be a
      factor in limiting the extent of ischemic tissue damage.

PMID- 3711156
TI  - Simultaneous determination of local cerebral glucose utilization and blood flow
      by carbon-14 double-label autoradiography: method of procedure and validation
      studies in the rat.
AB  - Validation studies were undertaken to establish a computer-assisted double-label
      autoradiographic strategy employing [14C]2-deoxyglucose ([14C]2DG) and
      [14C]iodoantipyrine ([14C]IAP) to measure local CMRglu (LCMRglu) and CBF (LCBF).
      An organic solvent was used to extract the majority of IAP between first and
      second film exposures. In contrast to previously published data, all solvents
      tested produced partial losses of 2DG from tissue, and all allowed 2-6% of IAP to
      persist even after 5-day washes. Technical-grade chloroform permitted equal
      retention of unmetabolized and metabolized 2DG. A linear model was established,
      which was insensitive to the changes in tissue self-absorption that were shown to
      occur with chloroform extraction. Propagated error in computing tissue [14C]2DG
      and [14C]IAP was reduced by maximizing IAP extraction (by longer solvent wash
      times) and by administering 2.5 times as much IAP as 2DG. Fractional 2DG
      retention was measured in single-label 2DG sections placed on the films, and
      fractional IAP retention was evaluated by an optimization procedure. With this
      strategy, double-label values for LCMRglu and LCBF in anesthetized rats agreed
      with values obtained in matched single-label series to within 5%. The
      coefficients of variation for the double- and single-label LCMRglu data were
      virtually identical, whereas the coefficient of variation for double-label LCBF
      was 1.8 times that of single-label LCBF. The double-label strategy permitted
      pixel-by-pixel measurement and video display of the LCMRglu/LCBF ratio; the mean
      value among structures was 0.472 mumol/ml. With proper attention to
      methodological detail, this double-label strategy shows great promise for routine
      laboratory application.

PMID- 3711157
TI  - Pial vascular behavior during bilateral and contralateral cervical sympathetic
      stimulation.
AB  - The present study in cats investigates the effect of cervical sympathetic
      stimulation on changes of diameter of pial arteries and veins, CBF, and
      intracranial pressure (ICP) using the cranial window and hydrogen clearance
      techniques. During 20 min of bilateral stimulation, pial arteries maximally
      constricted by 12%, veins by 13-15%. While the constriction of the large arteries
      remained stable during the whole 20-min period of bilateral stimulation, small
      arteries escaped after some 2 min. A similar though weaker trend was noted for
      the veins. CBF was reduced at 2 min by 31%, and was not different from resting at
      18 min. Contralateral stimulation for 20 min induced early constriction only in
      small arteries, while all other vessels remained more or less unreactive. This
      phenomenon is explained by interhemispheric arterial collaterals that bring
      sympathetic fibers mainly to small arteries contralaterally. ICP was lowered
      initially by 47 +/- 12% during bilateral and by 23 +/- 5% during contralateral
      stimulation. ICP escaped after 2 and 5 min during bilateral and contralateral
      stimulation, respectively, and even started to rise after some 10 min. From these
      data, it is concluded that the sympathoadrenergic system exerts a short-lasting
      protective effect upon cerebral vascular volume. Small arteries escape from
      constriction as a consequence of primarily myogenic counteraction of pial and
      intraparenchymal vessels, and probably additional metabolic dilatation of
      intraparenchymal vessels.

PMID- 3711158
TI  - Regional blood-brain glucose transfer in the rat: a novel double-membrane kinetic
      analysis.
AB  - Regional blood-brain glucose transfer was studied in pentobarbitone-anaesthetized
      rats using a programmed intravenous infusion technique that maintained steady
      levels of unlabeled (up to 55 mM) and tracer D-glucose in the circulating plasma.
      Regional cerebral blood flow, glucose phosphorylation rate, and tissue glucose
      content were also measured under comparable conditions. Data were analysed in
      terms of irreversible Michaelis-Menten kinetics assuming independent influx and
      efflux (Type I) and reversible Michaelis-Menten kinetics (Type II) across both
      the luminal and the abluminal membranes of the endothelial cell. The latter
      analysis corresponds to simple stereospecific membrane pores. The mathematical
      model allowed for changes in tissue glucose content and back-diffusion of tracer
      during the experiments. Type I analyses gave Kt values of approximately 6.6 mM,
      whereas those by Type II were consistently lower. Interregional differences were
      not significant using either scheme. Comparison of Type II with Type I analyses
      revealed a possible explanation for discrepancies in the estimates of
      nonsaturable glucose transfer by different methods and highlighted the importance
      of tissue glucose measurements in studies of unidirectional glucose influx. Since
      the experimental data may be described equally well by either scheme and some
      interaction between influx and efflux across the endothelial cell might be
      expected, consideration of this alternative approach is suggested.

PMID- 3711159
TI  - Nimodipine and the haemodynamic and histopathological consequences of middle
      cerebral artery occlusion in the rat.
AB  - The effect of the administration of nimodipine (1 microgram kg-1 min-1),
      initiated 5 min after occlusion of a middle cerebral artery (MCA), upon cerebral
      haemodynamics ([14C]iodoantipyrine autoradiography) and neuropathological outcome
      (volume of histologically ischaemic tissue) was investigated in anaesthetized
      rats. Measurements were made of the level of local CBF (LCBF) in a total of 37
      neuroanatomically defined areas, either ipsilateral or contralateral to the
      occluded vessel, and the autoradiograms were examined using a new approach to
      quantitative densitometry that employed a frequency distribution analysis of the
      CBF in sections of the brain at different coronal planes. Both methods of
      analysis showed that nimodipine, administered after the ischemic event, did not
      modify the pattern of CBF distribution after MCA occlusion. The extent of
      ischaemic brain damage was determined by histological examination. There was no
      evidence that the extent of ischaemic damage, either in sections at eight
      different coronal planes or in overall volume, was significantly different in
      animals that received nimodipine from that observed in animals that received only
      the vehicle used to dissolve the drug. The lack of cerebral circulatory and
      neuropathological alterations when nimodipine administration is initiated after
      occlusion of the MCA is contrasted with the higher levels of LCBF and the
      reductions in the volume of ischaemic tissue that were found when nimodipine was
      administered before occlusion of the artery.

PMID- 3711160
TI  - Quantitative measurement of cerebral blood flow and cerebral blood volume after
      cerebral ischaemia.
AB  - CBF obtained by the hydrogen clearance technique and cerebral blood volume (CBV)
      calculated from the [14C]dextran space were measured in three groups of rats
      subjected to temporary four-vessel occlusion to produce 15 min of ischaemia,
      followed by 60 min of reperfusion. In the control animals, mean CBF was 93 +/- 6
      ml 100 g-1 min-1, which fell to 5.5 +/- 0.5 ml 100 g-1 min-1 during ischaemia.
      There was a marked early postischaemic hyperaemia (262 +/- 18 ml 100 g-1 min-1),
      but 1 h after the onset of ischaemia, there was a significant hypoperfusion (51
      +/- 3 ml 100 g-1 min-1). Mean cortical dextran space was 1.58 +/- 0.09 ml 100 g-1
      prior to ischaemia. Early in reperfusion there was a significant increase in CBV
      (1.85 +/- 0.24 ml 100 g-1) with a decrease during the period of hypoperfusion
      (1.33 +/- 0.03 ml 100 g-1). Therefore, following a period of temporary ischaemia,
      there are commensurate changes in CBF and CBV, and alterations in the
      permeability-surface area product at this time may be due to variations in
      surface area and not necessarily permeability.

PMID- 3711161
TI  - Comparison between pial and intraparenchymal vascular responses to cervical
      sympathetic stimulation in cats. Part 1. Under normal resting conditions.
AB  - To investigate the role of sympathetic regulation in both resistance and
      capacitance vessels in cerebral circulation, the response of pial and
      intraparenchymal vessels to sympathetic nerve stimulation were simultaneously
      examined in 14 cats by means of a newly developed video camera photoelectric
      system. The system consisted of a video camera system for measurement of pial
      vascular diameters and a photoelectric apparatus for estimating regional cerebral
      blood volume in the intraparenchymal vessels. The ipsilateral superior cervical
      ganglion was electrically stimulated for 5 min. Initially, both the pial and
      intraparenchymal vessels constricted. The large pial arteries (173 +/- 25 micron,
      mean +/- SEM) remained constricted throughout the stimulation, whereas the
      intraparenchymal vessels began to dilate after the initial constriction and
      exceeded the control level at 175 +/- 25 s despite continued stimulation. In
      conclusion, such sympathetic nerve stimulation is considered to exert a
      constrictive effect on the intraparenchymal as well as the pial vessels at the
      early stage. The compensatory dilation of the intraparenchymal vessels was
      delayed 3 min after initiation of the stimulation.

PMID- 3711162
TI  - Regional cerebral ischemia in the gerbil: measurement of regional cerebral blood
      flow by quantitative autoradiography.
AB  - Alterations in the regional CBF after occlusion of the posterior communicating,
      middle cerebral, or common carotid artery were investigated in the gerbil with a
      quantitative autoradiographic technique using [14C]iodoantipyrine. Occlusion of
      the posterior communicating artery produced severe ischemia in the ipsilateral
      hippocampus, thalamus, and dorsal mesencephalon. Occlusion of the middle cerebral
      artery produced severe ischemia in the ipsilateral rostral and central cerebral
      cortex and lateral caudate-putamen. Occlusion of the common carotid artery
      produced ipsilateral hemispheric ischemia of variable degrees. The distribution
      and degree of cerebral ischemia produced by occlusion of one of these arteries
      correlated closely to the arterial territory and the extent of collateral blood
      supply. Since the areas affected after occlusion of the posterior communicating
      or middle cerebral artery differ, those models will be useful for the comparative
      investigation of the ischemia-related cerebral pathophysiology associated with
      different sites of primary lesion.

PMID- 3711163
TI  - Confounded correlations: statistical limitations in the analysis of interregional
      relationships of cerebral metabolic activity.
AB  - Various statistical approaches have been applied to tomographic determinations of
      glucose utilization putatively to gain insight into functional interrelationships
      in the brain. An approach based on the use of a partial correlation coefficient
      has been proposed to eliminate the distorting influence of systematic
      interpatient differences in glucose utilization. It is shown, by examination of
      explicit statistical models, that this form of analysis does not permit
      unambiguous conclusions to be drawn.

PMID- 3711164
TI  - Cerebral intracellular ADP concentrations during hypercarbia: an in vivo 31P
      nuclear magnetic resonance study in rats.
AB  - Qualitatively different responses of ADP levels have previously been observed in
      the brain during hypercarbia. One investigation has found that cerebral ADP
      stayed constant during hypercarbia in rats that were anesthetized with halothane,
      while another observed that ADP decreased during supercarbia in rats that
      received no supplemental anesthesia. This article reports an in vivo 31P nuclear
      magnetic resonance study to test the hypothesis that halothane anesthesia
      accounts for the discrepant observations. Isoflurane anesthesia was also studied
      in a second group of rats to see if a different general anesthetic agent would
      cause the same effects that halothane causes. The two groups of five rats
      underwent dual episodes of hypercarbia that were separated by a 45-min recovery
      period. General anesthesia, either 0.5% halothane or 1.0% isoflurane, was
      administered during the first episode but not during the second. Hypercarbia
      during halothane anesthesia caused the measured phosphocreatine (PCr) to decrease
      by 40%, while the calculated change in ADP was 10%, in agreement with the former
      investigation. In contrast, hypercarbia during either isoflurane anesthesia or no
      anesthesia caused a decrease of only 10% in PCr, which meant that the calculated
      decrease in ADP was 60%, in agreement with the results of the second
      investigation. We conclude that during hypercarbia, clinical concentrations of
      halothane, unlike clinical concentrations of isoflurane, interfere with the
      regulation of ATP metabolism.

PMID- 3711165
TI  - Separation of purine bases, nucleosides and nucleotides by a column-switching
      technique combining reversed-phase and anion-exchange high-performance liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - An on-line two-stage column chromatographic technique is described which combines
      reversed-phase and anion-exchange chromatography for the separation of purine
      nucleic acid components. The elution program applied, consisting of two gradient
      programmes, provides a separation of bases and nucleosides on the octadecyl
      silica column and a separation of the nucleotides on the anion-exchange column to
      which they have been switched at the beginning of the elution. This method is
      easy to modify for special problems and can be used when establishing a complete
      profile of purines.

PMID- 3711166
TI  - Separation of pyrethroid enantiomers by chiral high-performance liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - The separation of enantiomers of pyrethroid insecticides has been systematically
      studied using a commercially available Pirkle type 1-A chiral-phase high
      performance liquid chromatography column. Useful resolution was obtained for
      compounds with a variety of acid and alcohol moieties, and containing one to four
      chiral centres. The chromatographic behaviour of the diastereomers of some of
      these insecticides on a cyano-bonded column was also examined.

PMID- 3711168
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography of tyrosine-containing peptides by pre
      column derivatization involving formylation followed by fluorescence reaction
      with 1,2-diamino-4,5-dimethoxybenzene.
AB  - A pre-column fluorescence derivatization method is described for the high
      performance liquid chromatographic determination of tyrosine-containing peptides.
      A tyrosyl residue in the peptide is first formylated in an alkaline medium in the
      presence of chloroform, and the resulting aldehyde is then converted into a
      fluorescent derivative by reaction with 1,2-diamino-4,5-dimethoxybenzene. The
      derivative is separated on a reversed-phase column (LiChrosorb RP-18) by
      isocratic elution with an aqueous acetonitrile-containing potassium chloride
      hydrochloric acid buffer (pH 2.2) and sodium 1-hexanesulphonate. The method is
      selective and fairly sensitive; the lower limits of detection for the tyrosine
      containing peptides tested are in the range 3.4-26.2 pmol in a 100-microliter
      injection volume.

PMID- 3711167
TI  - Separation of sialyl-oligosaccharides by high-performance liquid chromatography.
      Application to the analysis of mono-, di-, tri- and tetrasialyl-oligosaccharides
      obtained by hydrazinolysis of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein.
AB  - High-performance liquid chromatography has been applied to the separation of
      isomers of mono-, di-, tri- and tetrasialylated oligosaccharides derived from
      alpha 1-acid glycoprotein by hydrazinolysis. The separation of the sialyl
      oligosaccharides on the basis of their negative charges was carried out with
      quaternary amine-bonded silica. Within each class, the anionic oligosaccharides
      were fractionated on the basis of their net carbohydrate content on alkylamine
      modified silica using a mobile phase consisting of a mixture of acetonitrile and
      potassium dihydrogen phosphate with 0.01% of 1,4-diaminobutane or 0.01% of
      tetraethylpentamine.

PMID- 3711169
TI  - New, sensitive thin-layer chromatographic-high-performance liquid chromatographic
      method for detection of trichothecene mycotoxins.
AB  - Diphenylindenone sulphonyl (Dis) esters of trichothecene mycotoxins when sprayed
      with sodium methoxide showed fluorescent spots on a thin layer of silica gel when
      viewed under long-wavelength UV light. The detection limit for trichothecene
      esters in thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was 20-25 ng per spot for T-2 toxin, HT
      2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol, T-2 triol, T-2 tetraol and iso-HT-2 toxin. A
      quantitative high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis of Dis
      trichothecene esters was also developed using UV detection at 278 nm. The
      detection limit for the above esters varied between 30 and 50 ng per injection.
      This sensitive TLC-HPLC method is very useful for in vivo pharmacokinetic
      analyses of trichothecenes.

PMID- 3711170
TI  - Oligo(dT)-glyceryl porous glass, a better support for the preparation of mRNA.

PMID- 3711171
TI  - Identification of a novel side-product formed during the methylation of
      sulphapyridine prior to gas chromatographic analysis.

PMID- 3711172
TI  - Improved high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of
      ginsenosides in Panax ginseng extracts and products.

PMID- 3711173
TI  - Analysis of promazine in pharmaceutical preparations by high-performance liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 3711174
TI  - Surface affinity chromatographic separation of blood cells. V. Retention
      behaviour of human peripheral blood cells on poly(propylene glycol) bonded
      agarose columns and its relationship to surface hydrophobicities of the gel beads
      and the cells.
AB  - Glycidyl ethers of poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) 200, 400 or 950 were oxirane
      coupled with several kinds of agarose bead as the bonded phase of packing
      materials. An eluent was composed of 0.09 M phosphate-buffered 2% (w/w) dextran
      T40 solution at pH of respective isoelectric points of human blood cells. A
      linear relationship was found between the retention volumes of platelets,
      granulocytes and lymphocytes on the PPG-agarose columns and a measure of surface
      hydrophobicities of the cells, delta log K values, which were determined by using
      hydrophobic affinity partition. Furthermore, the retention volumes of
      granulocytes and lymphocytes increased according to the increase of delta log K
      of PPG-agarose beads. The retention of these two cells must be due to the
      hydrophobic interaction with the bonded PPG phase.

PMID- 3711175
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic quantitation of rhodamines 123 and 110
      from tissues and cultured cells.
AB  - Rhodamine 123 is a fluorescent vital dye which has potential for therapeutic use
      in cancer treatment. The dye concentrates in mitochondria of normal and
      neoplastic cells but accumulates in and is toxic to neoplastic cells. When dye
      treated cells are irradiated with blue laser light at 514 nm, mitochondrial
      injury or cell death results. Rhodamine concentration in cultured cells and tumor
      tissue was quantitated to correlate cell or tumor death with drug dose. A
      reversed-phase separation of rhodamine 123 was accomplished using a gradient of
      0.05 M phosphate buffer pH 2.85 (mobile phase A) and acetonitrile (mobile phase
      B), 10-80% B in 15 min with a DuPont Golden Series C8 column. Effluent was
      monitored with a fluorescence detector at 295 nm excitation and 520 nm emission.
      Stock rhodamine 123 contained approximately 6-8% of rhodamine 110, the parent
      compound, which eluted at 9.8 min whereas rhodamine 123 eluted at 11.7 min.
      Structural verification of both compounds by field desorption mass spectrometry
      was performed. This is the first report of the chemical separation and
      quantitation of rhodamine 123 from cultured tumor cells or tumor tissue.

PMID- 3711176
TI  - Determination of biogenic amines in cheese and some other food products by high
      performance liquid chromatography in combination with thermo-sensitized reaction
      detection.
AB  - A simple high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis is described for
      biogenic amines in cheese and other food products. The sample clean-up consists
      of a precipitation-extraction step with trichloroacetic acid, which gives
      recoveries of amines in cheese in the range of 85-105%. The HPLC analysis is
      performed by reversed-phase ion-pair chromatography, using a ninhydrin-containing
      eluent, which eliminates the need for an extra reagent pump for the post-column
      derivatization. Band broadening is minimized by using a poly(tetrafluoroethylene)
      knitted tube reactor at 145 degrees C. The detection limit for amines is 2 mg/kg
      cheese and the method is linear for 0.1-4 micrograms of amine injected. Examples
      are given of the analysis of amines in cheese, wine and sauerkraut.

PMID- 3711177
TI  - Determination of biotin in multivitamin pharmaceutical preparations by high
      performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.

PMID- 3711178
TI  - Antioxidant analysis in edible oils and fats by normal-phase high-performance
      liquid chromatography.
AB  - Following a simple dilution in the appropriate phase, the sample is injected
      directly onto either of two normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography
      systems (3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene or 3-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole
      tert.-butylhydroquinone) with UV detection at 280 nm. An isocratic ternary mobile
      phase, incorporating acetonitrile as the polar modifier, has been found to
      facilitate such an approach, thereby avoiding the discriminatory and recovery
      problems inherent in other techniques requiring prior sample manipulations. The
      three most commonly used antioxidants may be estimated at levels down to 3 ppm
      (3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene or 3-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole) and 10
      ppm (tert.-butylhydroquinone) within 30 min.

PMID- 3711179
TI  - Use of capillary gas chromatography for the identification of brominated
      vegetable oils.

PMID- 3711180
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of xipamide and clopamide
      in pharmaceuticals.

PMID- 3711181
TI  - Separation of normal and abnormal hemoglobin chains by reversed-phase high
      performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A review is presented of the elution patterns on reversed-phase columns of the
      normal and abnormal globin chains of different hemoglobin types, including 16
      beta-chain variants, 7 alpha-chain variants, 9 gamma-chain variants, and 4
      variants with fusion or hybrid chains. Separations appear to be based primarily
      on differences in hydrophobicity. The method is ideally suited for the detection
      of abnormal globin chains, their quantitation and their isolation. Semi
      quantitative data based on the calculation of the delta/non-alpha ratios allow
      the detection of beta-thalassemic conditions in situations where the quantitation
      of hemoglobin A2 by other procedures is impossible or complicated.

PMID- 3711182
TI  - Isolation from fetal bovine serum of a peptide similar to the alpha chain of
      thrombin by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - During the preparation of erythrotropin from fetal bovine serum, a group of
      peptides co-eluted with this erythroid cell stimulating factor on semi
      preparative reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. They could be
      subsequently separated by a combination of reversed-phase high-performance liquid
      chromatography in the presence of heptafluorobutyric acid as ion-pairing reagent
      and gel permeation high-performance liquid chromatography. One of these peptides
      has been extensively purified. Partial amino acid sequence analysis indicated
      that fourteen of the seventeen N-terminal amino acids are identical with the N
      terminal sequence of the alpha chain of bovine thrombin. The same isolation
      procedure could be useful for the identification of other major peptides of fetal
      bovine serum.

PMID- 3711184
TI  - Isocratic liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of
      Passiflora incarnata L. and Crataegus monogyna flavonoids in drugs.

PMID- 3711183
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of arachidonic acid metabolites
      by pre-column derivatization using 9-anthryldiazomethane.
AB  - Arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites produced by washed human platelets and rat
      macrophages were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using
      a pre-column derivatization method. The reagent, 9-anthryldiazomethane, used in
      this study and AA metabolites derivatized by the reagent were purified by gel
      permeation chromatography (PG-pak C column), prior to normal-phase HPLC analysis.
      A sample containing eleven derivatives (12-, 15- and 5-hydroxyeicosatetetraenoic
      acid, 12-L-heptadecatrienoic acid, leukotriene B4, prostaglandins B2, D2, E2 and
      F2 alpha, thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha) was separated on a
      normal-phase column (PG-pak B); the detection limit is better than 100 pg for all
      components.

PMID- 3711185
TI  - A rotating unit for preparing circular chromatographic plates at elevated
      temperatures.

PMID- 3711186
TI  - Characterization of modified bovine haemoglobin by molecular filtration and
      electrophoresis in gradient gels.

PMID- 3711187
TI  - Analysis of amino acids as tert.-butyldimethylsilyl derivatives by gas
      chromatography.

PMID- 3711189
TI  - 6th International Symposium on Bioaffinity Chromatography and Related Techniques.
      Prague, September 1-6, 1985.

PMID- 3711188
TI  - Preparative scale isolation of 11-cis-retinal from isomeric retinal mixture by
      centrifugal partition chromatography.

PMID- 3711190
TI  - Nature of the antigen-antibody interaction. Primary and secondary bonds: optimal
      conditions for association and dissociation.
AB  - All antigen-antibody (AG-AB) bonds are weak physical bonds; covalent bonds are
      not encountered. The main bonds involved are: (I) Coulombic bonds; (II) Ca2+
      bridges; (III) hydrogen bonds; (IV) Lifshitz--van der Waals bonds. Combinations
      of III and IV occur as the "bonds" usually alluded to as hydrophobic (H phi)
      interactions. In primary bonds, mainly types I and IV occur; types II and III are
      quite rare. Secondary bonds, which evolve after a certain time-lapse (varying
      from minutes to days), mainly involve type IV bonds and H phi interactions, while
      hydrogen bonds sensu stricto have been known to play a role in rare instances. In
      affinity chromatography involving AG-AB interactions, complete elution with mild
      eluents usually is desirable. It would thus appear essential to let little time
      elapse between AG-AB complex formation and the elution step, to minimize
      strengthening of the AG-AB interaction by secondary bond formation. For
      expeditious elution, it also is important to avoid using dehydrating agents
      (which tend to decrease the bond distance between AG and AB and thus could
      strengthen the bond in a number of ways). The degree of involvement of types I
      and IV bonds as well as of H phi interactions varies considerably among different
      AG-AB systems. These components thus have to be measured separately in order to
      determine the optimal conditions for elution. The parameters of the liquid medium
      that may be modulated to influence dissociation (or association) are, for
      example, surface tension, pH, ionic strength, dielectric constant, temperature,
      admixture of dehydrating agents or of chaotropic salts. The influence of
      variations in each of these parameters on types I, III and IV bonds (and thus
      also on H phi interactions) will be delineated. Because of the misleading
      implications of the term "hydrophobic interactions", it seems preferable
      henceforth to allude to them as "interfacial forces".

PMID- 3711191
TI  - Strategies for enzyme isolation using dye-ligand and related adsorbents.
AB  - Approaches to the use of a large range of dye-ligand and similar adsorbents for
      protein isolation are described. The adsorbents behave in a similar fashion
      relative to each other with a variety of different applied protein mixtures, so a
      system of dividing the adsorbents into five groups according to their protein
      binding ability has been adopted. In this way it becomes unnecessary to screen
      all dyes, and an ideal selection of dyes and conditions can quickly be achieved.

PMID- 3711192
TI  - Competitive adsorption of plasma proteins at solid-liquid interfaces.
AB  - The competitive adsorption of human serum albumin (HSA), human immuno-gamma
      globulin (HIgG) and human fibrinogen (HFb) onto polystyrene (PS) at 20 degrees C
      and a pH of 7.35 (phosphate-buffered saline) was studied. Protein adsorption was
      studied using enzyme immunoassay. The results obtained with the immunoassay were
      compared with those obtained using radiolabelled proteins. Recent studies
      revealed that the adsorption behaviour of radiolabelled proteins onto surfaces
      differs from that of the non-labelled proteins, which may lead to
      misinterpretation of adsorption data. Differences in the adsorption behaviour of
      the labelled proteins as compared to non-labelled proteins can possibly be
      explained by the formation of modified proteins during the labelling procedure as
      shown by ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The
      competitive adsorption of HSA, HIgG and HFb onto a PS latex was studied by
      measuring the depletion of proteins in solution. The decrease in protein
      concentration in solution was determined by HPLC techniques. A strong
      preferential adsorption of HFb was observed with maximum adsorption values of 0.6
      micrograms/cm2.

PMID- 3711193
TI  - Design of fluorescent probes for an enzyme on the surface of tumour cells.
AB  - The proteolytic enzyme guanidinobenzoatase is specific for arginyl peptide bonds
      and is capable of degrading fibronectin. This enzyme is associated with the cell
      surface of tumour cells in formaldehyde-fixed wax-embedded sections of human
      pathological tissue. We have designed fluorescent probes for the active site of
      guanidinobenzoatase: these probes act as competitive inhibitors and can be used
      to locate cells possessing guanidinobenzoatase. The processes of designing
      probes, testing their potential as inhibitors, and applying these probes to
      tumour cell location, all depend upon affinity principles.

PMID- 3711194
TI  - Application of 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole-activated matrices for the purification
      of proteins. IX. Dynamic multizoning effects in biospecific affinity
      chromatography on porous supports: evaluation of activation and ligand coupling
      effects with different support materials.
AB  - The activation of several porous polymeric gels and chemically bonded
      glycerylpropyl-silica-based packing materials with 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole has
      been further investigated. The ligand coupling characteristics of these matrices
      following activation at low and high levels have been determined and the
      properties of the derived affinity chromatographic supports examined. In addition
      the dynamic capacities of several immobilised-ligand systems have been compared.
      The use of these different affinity chromatographic supports in assessing flow
      rate and column residency effects is described.

PMID- 3711195
TI  - Controlled primary functionalization of agarose affinity supports by
      carboxymethylation and subsequent addition of spacer units.
AB  - Experimental details are given for the O-carboxymethylation of cross-linked
      agarose beads with chloroacetate in aqueous sodium hydroxide, formation of a
      tandem 2-amino-ethylamide derivative, and coupling of beta-alanine residues to
      the aminoethyl groups using a new reagent, N-phthalimidyl N'
      ethylsulfonylethoxycarbonyl-beta-alaninate. An ideal support for attaching
      affinity ligands results. Extent of derivatization was controlled by the time and
      temperature of the first reaction. Functional group densities were estimated by
      using hydrogen ion binding measurements for carboxyls and a new reagent, N
      succinimidyl 3-[2-(4-nitrophenylamino)ethyldithio]propionate, for assaying
      reactive amino groups on solid supports. Synthesis and use of the new reagents
      are described.

PMID- 3711196
TI  - Sulfonyl chloride activation of hydroxylic materials.
AB  - We have discovered that chromophoric sulfonyl chlorides and affinity ligand
      containing sulfonyl chlorides prepared based upon fluorinated carbon skeletons
      are excellent activating agents for agarose. The primary basis for development of
      such reagents has been pentafluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride and tresyl chloride,
      both of which are excellent activating agents. Activation using the sulfonyl
      chlorides whose synthesis is described here has yielded matrices that are very
      reactive to nucleophilic displacement by amines and thiols and, thus, should be
      excellent agents for the immobilization of affinity ligands, enzymes, cells, etc.
      The resulting material is based on covalent coupling and, thus, is more stable
      than affinity ligands or enzymes immobilized by other methods.

PMID- 3711197
TI  - Salt-promoted adsorption: recent developments.
AB  - Efficient fractionation of human serum proteins is accomplished by use of a
      series of tandem-coupled beds of group-affinity adsorbents. The general
      fractionation strategy for group fractionation of a complex protein mixture is
      discussed.

PMID- 3711198
TI  - Detection of antigen immunologically related to basic pancreatic inhibitor
      (Kunitz) in porcine blood plasma by immunoaffinity chromatography.
AB  - Rabbit antiserum against trypsin-kallikrein inhibitor (TKI) was prepared.
      Purified immunoglobulin G (IgG) fraction was bound to Sepharose 4B. An antigen
      immunologically related to TKI was obtained from porcine blood plasma by
      adsorbing it onto the immunosorbent column. Its immunoreactivity with TKI
      antibodies was confirmed by immunoelectrophoresis. The antigen was an inhibitor
      of trypsin and acrosin.

PMID- 3711199
TI  - Affinity chromatography of thrombin on modified polystyrene resins.
AB  - Insoluble polystyrenes substituted with sulphonate and L-arginyl methyl ester
      (PAOM) present substituents mimicking the reactive binding site of antithrombin
      III. These materials have a specific affinity for thrombin. The binding of the
      enzyme is reversible and the eluted thrombin remains active. Consequently, these
      resins can be used as stationary phases in affinity liquid chromatography in
      order to purify thrombin with a high biological activity. The influence of
      different characteristics of such polymers (substitution ratio, average particle
      size, affinity constant, synthesis conditions) on the purification performance is
      studied. Human prothrombin complex concentrate is activated and applied onto the
      gel. A purified human thrombin of high specific activity is separated with a high
      recovery of biological activity of the enzyme.

PMID- 3711200
TI  - Quantitative high-performance affinity chromatography: evaluation of use for
      analyzing peptide and protein interactions.
AB  - To examine analytical high-performance affinity chromatography as a microscale
      method for characterizing macromolecular interactions, the chromatographic
      behavior was evaluated of Arg8-vasopressin on bovine neurophysin II covalently
      immobilized in its monomer form on several new high-flow and pressure-resisting
      affinity supports. Zonal elution of both tritiated and unlabeled peptide hormone
      and an extension of theoretical treatment of analytical affinity chromatography
      allowed determination of equilibrium dissociation constants of hormone binding to
      immobilized bovine neurophysin II. Microamounts of hormone, ranging from 0.05 to
      15 micrograms, were eluted within 20-30 min, with a quantitative recovery of the
      amount injected. For zones containing more than 5 micrograms, continuous elution
      monitoring was possible by ultraviolet absorbance, providing greater speed and
      accuracy in data analysis. The values obtained for the equilibrium dissociation
      constants were in good agreement with those previously measured in solution. The
      above hormone-protein evaluation system has led to identification of several
      pressure-resistant affinity supports, including silica-, agarose- and glass-based
      matrices, which are appropriate for use with high-performance liquid
      chromatographic instrumentation for affinity chromatographic analysis of
      macromolecular interactions.

PMID- 3711201
TI  - Determination of total 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol in plasma using reversed
      phase liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.
AB  - A method is described for determination of total (free plus conjugated) 3-methoxy
      4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) in plasma using high-performance liquid
      chromatography with electrochemical detection. After enzymatic hydrolysis of
      conjugates and deproteinization with zinc sulfate and sodium hydroxide, free MHPG
      is isolated by extraction prior to isocratic chromatographic separation. The
      absolute detection limit is about 30 pg which corresponds to a plasma
      concentration of 2-3 ng/ml when 0.5 ml of plasma is analyzed. Average within
      analysis and between-analysis coefficients of variation (6.5 and 8.9%,
      respectively) are suitable for routine clinical analyses. Severe icterus is
      without effect, but even mild hemolysis causes detectable losses of MHPG from
      plasma. The mean +/- S.D. plasma MHPG concentration observed in sixteen healthy
      individuals (14.5 +/- 3.9 ng/ml) compares favorably with values reported using
      more complex reference methods.

PMID- 3711202
TI  - Highly sensitive determination of N-acetyl- and N-glycolylneuraminic acids in
      human serum and urine and rat serum by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with
      fluorescence detection.
AB  - A simple, rapid and highly sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic
      method for the determination of N-acetyl- and N-glycolylneuraminic acids in serum
      and urine is described. The neuraminic acids, released by hydrolysis of serum and
      urine, are converted in dilute sulphuric acid with 1,2-diamino-4,5
      dimethoxybenzene, a fluorogenic reagent for alpha-keto acids, to highly
      fluorescent derivatives. The derivatives are separated isocratically within 8 min
      by reversed-phase chromatography using a Radial-Pak cartridge C18 column and
      detected fluorimetrically. The limit of detection is 40 fmol (12 pg) for both
      neuraminic acids in 10-microliters injection volume [0.3 nmol (90 ng)/ml) of
      serum or urine]. This sensitivity permits the precise determination of the
      neuraminic acids in 5 microliters of serum or urine. The method was applied to
      the determination of the neuraminic acids in sera from normal subjects and cancer
      patients, normal urine and rat serum.

PMID- 3711203
TI  - Determination of free and total catecholamines and salsolinol in urine by ion
      pair reversed-phase liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection after a
      one-step sample clean-up.
AB  - A simple method is presented for the routine determination of free and total
      catecholamines and salsolinol in urine. For the analysis of total catecholamines
      and salsolinol, the urine samples are first hydrolysed. The compounds are
      isolated by a one-step sample clean-up by cation-exchange chromatography and
      separated by ion-pair reversed-phase liquid chromatography and detected
      electrochemically. The method is suited for routine analysis. Pretreatment of ten
      samples for the high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of free and
      total catecholamines and salsolinol is carried out in 4 h. A single analysis is
      completed in 30 min. The absolute losses of the compounds were less than 10%,
      except for epinephrine (20%). The detection limits were 0.9, 2.4, 4.8 and 6
      nmol/l for norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine and salsolinol, respectively, in
      native urine. The values were twice as high for hydrolysed urine. The sample
      clean-up appears to be rather specific: apart from catecholamines and salsolinol,
      only those structurally related amines that contain a vicinal hydroxyl group are
      isolated.

PMID- 3711204
TI  - Sensitive analysis of asparagine and glutamine in physiological fluids and cells
      by precolumn derivatization with phenylisothiocyanate and reversed-phase high
      performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - The analytical methodologies for the determination of free amino acids in plasma,
      serum, erythrocytes and leukemic cells are described. Deproteinization of the
      sample by methanol or organic acids is followed by derivatization with
      phenylisothiocyanate to form stable phenylthiocarbamylamino acid derivatives. The
      derivatives are separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid
      chromatography in 80 min using a 5-microns C18 column (250 X 4 mm I.D.) and
      monitored by ultraviolet detection at 254 nm. Twenty physiological amino acids
      are resolved and quantified in plasma and erythrocyte samples. The resolution and
      sensitivity of the analytical method permitted unequivocal quantification of very
      low asparagine and glutamine levels in leukemic cells and growth media following
      treatment with asparaginase and glutaminase enzymes despite the presence of high
      aspartic and glutamic acid levels.

PMID- 3711205
TI  - Simple step gradient elution of the major high-energy compounds and their
      catabolites in cardiac muscle using high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - The majority of high-energy nucleotides and their catabolites are separated in a
      single 13-min run using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.
      Economical step gradient elution of these compounds with a Nova Pak-A C18, 5
      microns, 10 cm X 8 mm column accomplishes this separation with recoveries of 94
      100% and sensitivities of 1-5 pmol. Furthermore, the total adenine nucleotide
      pool can now be quantitated precisely in a simple and easily automated procedure.

PMID- 3711206
TI  - Batch separation of uracil derivatives from urine.
AB  - Commercial mixed-bed deionizing resins have been modified by conversion to the
      sulfonic acid and acetate forms and used to prepare extracts of urine that
      contains uracil derivatives (pKa greater than 8). A rapid batch extraction
      process, requiring less than 15 min is described for the first time that can be
      used either for rapid spectrophotometric screening of altered levels of these
      uracil derivatives or for accurate measurement of uracil and pseudouridine by
      high-performance liquid chromatography on reversed-phase columns using 0.002 M
      ammonium formate (pH 6) in water as the solvent. The spectrophotometric assay is
      based on the spectral shift of uracil derivatives when neutral aqueous solutions
      are made alkaline. After the batch extraction, the factor for conversion of
      absorbancy change to nmol is 0.0046 per nmol/ml for uracil and 0.0035 per nmol/ml
      for pseudouridine. Pseudouridine levels in two test urines were found to be 24
      and 19.3 nmol/mumol of creatinine, which are consistent with published values of
      17.6-24.

PMID- 3711207
TI  - Determination of bucindolol and its major metabolites in plasma by capillary gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry.
AB  - A method for determining bucindolol, a deuterated analogue and two metabolites in
      plasma samples is described. Analytes are obtained from plasma by liquid
      extraction of 1 ml of plasma at pH 10.5 with 7 ml of peroxide-free ether-hexane
      (4:1). Following derivatization with 50 microliters of N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyl
      trifluoroacetamide-pyridine (1:1) for 20 min at 65 degrees C the samples are
      analyzed by capillary column gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with selected
      ion monitoring. Quantification is linear over the range 2-500 ng/ml. Single-day
      precision was typically 6.2% or better for bucindolol and 13% or better for the
      metabolites.

PMID- 3711208
TI  - Quantitative analysis of 1-(2-pyrimidinyl)piperazine in plasma by capillary gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry.
AB  - A sensitive method for detecting and quantifying 1-(2-pyrimidinyl)piperazine, an
      important metabolite of buspirone, in human plasma was developed and validated.
      The range of the method is 0.2-15 ng/ml. The analyte was removed from buffered,
      sodium chloride-saturated plasma with benzene, extracted into aqueous acid,
      washed with diethyl ether and reextracted into benzene. The processed extract was
      derivatized with pentafluorobenzoyl chloride. Instrumental analysis involved on
      column injection into a fused-silica capillary gas chromatography column and
      detection by selected-ion monitoring mass spectrometry.

PMID- 3711209
TI  - Determination in plasma of a new antiepileptic drug, dl-(5 alpha,9 alpha,11S*)
      5,6,9,10-tetrahydro-N,N-dimethyl-5,9-methanobenzocycloo cten-11-amine
      hydrochloride, and its N-desmethyl metabolite by liquid-solid extraction and
      capillary gas chromatography.
AB  - We have developed a sensitive and accurate method for the determination in plasma
      of the antiepileptic drug dl-(5 alpha,9 alpha,11S*)-5,6,9,10- tetrahydro-N,N
      dimethyl-5,9-methanobenzocycloocten-11-amine hydrochloride and its N-desmethyl
      metabolite. The extraction procedure utilizes base-treated disposable C2 solid
      phase columns, with the analyte eluted with organic solvent. Nitrogen-selective
      gas chromatography is used for detection. Linear regression analysis showed that
      the method is linear between 4 and 1500 ng/ml for the parent drug and between 8
      and 3000 ng/ml for the N-desmethyl metabolite. Intra- and inter-day variability,
      as shown by the coefficient of variation, is less than 8% for both compounds. The
      method is applicable to routine plasma determination of both these compounds in
      clinical pharmacokinetic studies.

PMID- 3711210
TI  - Determination of tramadol in human serum by capillary gas chromatography with
      nitrogen-selective detection.
AB  - A specific, sensitive and precise method for the determination of tramadol in
      human serum is described. It comprises a three-step extraction procedure and a
      specific determination by capillary gas chromatography with nitrogen-selective
      detection, using a homologue of tramadol as an internal standard. The specificity
      of the method was checked by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Precision
      parameters were 1.7-5.5% (within-run) and 3.2-5.7% (between-run) in the
      concentration range 12.5-200 ng/ml. The detection limit was about 3 ng/ml.

PMID- 3711211
TI  - Detection of digoxin, digitoxin, their cardioactive metabolites and derivatives
      by high-performance liquid chromatography and high-performance liquid
      chromatography-radioimmunoassay.
AB  - High-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) systems are described for the
      separation of the cardioactive metabolites of the digoxin and digitoxin series
      that are formed by the splitting of digitoxose sugar residues from the aglycone
      steroid: isocratic separation of digoxin and its cardioactive metabolites;
      isocratic separation of digitoxin and its cardioactive metabolites; and gradient
      elution separation of the digoxin and digitoxin series including beta-acetyl- and
      beta-methyldigoxin. Separations were performed on a 10-microns bonded octadecyl
      phase column using various mixtures of acetonitrile--water and acetonitrile-
      methanol--water as the mobile phase. These methods provide high peak resolution
      and are well suited for collecting elution fractions, e.g. to link up with
      sensitive immunological measurements. An HPLC-radioimmunoassay method is
      described for the quantitation of digoxin, digitoxin and their metabolites in
      human tissues.

PMID- 3711212
TI  - Development of a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method using multiple
      analytes for the confirmatory analysis of anabolic steroids in horse urine. I.
      Detection of testosterone phenylpropionate administrations to equine male
      castrates.
AB  - A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) method using three analytes to
      detect and confirm the administration to equine male castrates of veterinary pro
      drugs based upon esters of testosterone is described. The method involves
      extraction of steroid conjugates from horse urine by C18-bonded cartridges and
      fractionation into glucuronic acid and sulpho-conjugates by Sephadex LH-20 column
      chromatography. After deconjugation, the free neutral steroids were partially
      purified by thin-layer chromatography and following derivatization (methyloxime
      trimethylsilyl ether) were analysed by capillary GC-MS in the selected-ion or
      full-scan mode. Of the three analytes, 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 alpha-diol
      could be detected in the glucuronic acid fraction for about ten days and 5 alpha
      androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol and testosterone could be detected in the sulpho
      conjugate fraction for up to nineteen days after administration of a single
      therapeutic dose (50 mg) of testosterone phenylpropionate to cross-bred and
      thoroughbred castrated male horses. The reasons for development of such a method,
      its validation and its potential for the detection of neutral metabolites of
      other veterinary anabolic steroids in horse urine are discussed.

PMID- 3711213
TI  - Development of a high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for digoxin using
      post-column fluorogenic derivatization.
AB  - An efficient high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separation for
      digoxin and its metabolites has been developed. Quantitation of digoxin at plasma
      levels was possible after the column effluent was passed through a fluorogenic
      post-column reactor. A study of the optimum post-column conditions was undertaken
      using a combination of ascorbic acid, hydrogen peroxide and hydrochloric acid,
      which was known to induce fluorescence in the digoxin molecule. Digoxin and its
      metabolites were separated on a 15 cm X 4.6 mm I.D., 3-microns reversed-phase
      (C18) HPLC column using methanol--ethanol--isopropanol--water (52:3:1:45) as the
      mobile phase at a flow-rate of 0.3 ml/min. A solution of 1.1 X 10(-3) M hydrogen
      peroxide in a 0.1% ascorbic acid solution and concentrated hydrochloric acid were
      added into the post-column reactor through a peristaltic pump at a combined flow
      with a flow-rate of 0.23 ml/min. The mixture was passed into the 20-m reaction
      coil maintained at 79 +/- 1 degrees C. The resulting digoxin fluorophore was
      monitored with a fluorescence detector. Detector responses were linear from 1.5
      to 10 ng injected on-column. The overall performance demonstrated that this
      system has the sensitivity, linearity and stability desired in a digoxin plasma
      level determination. The total chromatographic time including the postcolumn
      derivatization step was about 40 min.

PMID- 3711214
TI  - Simultaneous determination of the major metabolites of styrene and acetaminophen,
      and of unchanged acetaminophen in urine by ion-pairing high-performance liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - An improved isocratic high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the
      quantitative determination of the major urinary metabolites of styrene in urine
      is described. The high separation efficiency of an ion-pairing system using
      tetrabutyl ammonium chloride allows also the simultaneous determination of
      acetaminophen and its three major metabolites with those of styrene in rat urine.
      Simplicity, reproducibility and a short analysis time provide a useful tool for
      the toxicokinetic studies of these two hepatorenotoxic xenobiotics after their co
      administration. An aliquot of the diluted urine is directly injected into the
      liquid chromatograph. The limits of sensitivity and detection of the metabolites
      of styrene are better than those reported before. Preliminary works indicate that
      the method would also be applicable for analysis of these metabolites in human
      urine and would therefore be useful in monitoring styrene exposure to workers
      especially when they take acetaminophen.

PMID- 3711215
TI  - Determination of cyanamide in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A sensitive, selective and rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic
      procedure was developed for the determination of cyanamide in plasma. The
      procedure involved extraction with ethyl acetate, derivatization with 5
      (dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulphonyl chloride and posterior analysis by high
      performance liquid chromatography on a mu Bondapak C18 column with fluorimetric
      detection. Linearity ranged from 5 to 500 ng/ml and the lower limit of
      sensitivity of the assay was 4 ng/ml of cyanamide in plasma. The precision of the
      method was 3.0-8.9%, expressed as relative standard deviation over the linear
      range. This method has been used to elucidate the time course of the cyanamide
      concentration in the plasma of humans, following oral administration of cyanamide
      at therapeutic doses.

PMID- 3711216
TI  - Simultaneous quantification of ethylmorphine O-deethylase and N-demethylase
      activity by high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - The N-demethylation and O-deethylation of ethylmorphine by cytochrome P-450 are
      simultaneously measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. All the
      metabolites and the substrate are extracted from the enzymatic incubation mixture
      with isopropanol-methylene chloride (20:80) containing 6.0 micrograms/ml codeine
      sulfate as an internal standard. Separation of the compounds is achieved on a C18
      reversed-phase column using a mobile phase of 1% acetic acid--acetonitrile
      (85:15) with 1-hexanesulfonic acid as a counter-ion. Total run time is 12 min at
      a flow-rate of 2.0 ml/min and 144 bar. Assay of ethylmorphine N-demethylase and O
      deethylase activities in rat liver microsomes revealed close agreement between
      this method and conventional ones. N-Demethylation was found to greatly exceed O
      deethylation in liver microsomes from either control or phenobarbital-treated
      rats confirming results from other laboratories. This method can also be used to
      measure the N- and O-demethylation of codeine.

PMID- 3711217
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic assay of clavulanate in human plasma and
      urine by fluorimetric detection.
AB  - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method with fluorimetric detection has
      been developed for the determination of clavulanate in human urine and plasma.
      Clavulanate in plasma samples was ultrafiltered using YMT membrane and reacted
      with benzaldehyde in phosphate buffer solution (pH 3.8) at 100 degrees C for 20
      min. Clavulanate in urine samples was filtered with a polyacrylate membrane after
      ten-fold dilution, and reacted under the same conditions as those for plasma
      samples. The fluorescent product thus formed from clavulanate was separated from
      ordinary components of plasma and urine on a reversed-phase C18 column followed
      by fluorimetric detection (lambda ex = 386 nm, lambda em = 460 nm). The within-
      and between-run precisions were of the order of 4.02% (n = 10) and 6.23% (n = 5)
      for plasma samples at a level of 0.67 microgram/ml. The detection limit was as
      low as 10 ng/ml in plasma samples with a 50-microliter injection. Coexisting
      ticarcillin, amoxicillin or 1-amino-4-hydroxybutan-2-one (which is a metabolite
      of clavulanate in rat and dog) did not interfere in the clavulanate assay.

PMID- 3711218
TI  - Rapid determination of p-hydroxylated methamphetamine metabolites by column
      liquid chromatography-electrochemistry.
AB  - A method for electrochemical determination of p-hydroxymethamphetamine and p
      hydroxyamphetamine in human urine was investigated by column liquid
      chromatography. A rapid and simple extraction of these substances from urine was
      performed using a solid-phase extraction column. The detection limit for
      quantitation was approximately 50 pg for the metabolites. The simplicity and
      sensitivity of this method allows for analysis of these metabolites in the fields
      of toxicology and forensic medicine.

PMID- 3711219
TI  - Determination of ketoconazole in the plasma, liver, lung and adrenal of the rat
      by high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - An accurate and precise procedure for the rapid analysis of ketoconazole in the
      lung, liver, plasma and adrenal gland of the rat has been developed. Separation
      of the drug from endogenous substances was achieved by solid-phase extraction
      followed by reversed-phase chromatography on a Novapak C18 column using a mobile
      phase of methanol--acetonitrile--0.02 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) (35:30:35).
      Depending on the tissue, the recoveries of ketoconazole and clotrimazole, which
      was used as an internal standard, ranged between 85.0 to 93.6% and 79.3 to 84.1%,
      respectively. The reproducibility of the assay was between 3 and 4%, depending on
      the tissue involved. The sensitivity of the procedure permitted the monitoring of
      ketoconazole levels for up to 24 h in the adrenal and up to 48 h for plasma, lung
      and liver, following oral administration of 150 mg/kg of the drug to male rats.

PMID- 3711220
TI  - Solid-phase extraction of acetazolamide from biological fluids and subsequent
      analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A sensitive, relatively fast and simple to operate high-performance liquid
      chromatographic method for the determination of acetazolamide in plasma and
      saliva is described. Quantitative extraction of the drug from both plasma and
      saliva was achieved using commercially available reversed-phase octadecylsilane
      bonded silica column (Bond-Elut C18, 2.8 ml capacity). Acetazolamide and the
      internal standard are retained on the Bond-Elut C18 column and reproducibly
      recovered by elution with methanol. Liquid-liquid partition chromatography,
      carried out on a 30-cm mu Porasil column (10-microns porous silica) using a
      mobile phase consisting of dichloromethane-ethanol-water-glacial acetic acid
      (500:65:65:1), provided adequate separation with acceptable retention times.
      Acetazolamide levels in the region 50-100 ng/ml can be determined in 100
      microliters of plasma or 200 microliters of saliva employing ultraviolet
      detection at 254 nm with a sensitivity of 0.005 absorbance units full scale.
      Although the method is primarily used to determine steady-state drug levels in
      paediatric patients, its general applicability is illustrated by the 24-h plasma
      and saliva concentration profiles obtained from a male volunteer following oral
      administration of acetazolamide.

PMID- 3711221
TI  - Distinction between urinary acids originating from nutrition and those produced
      in the human body.
AB  - A simple procedure to distinguish between urinary acids originating from
      nutrition and beverages and those produced from compounds stored in the body is
      described. Acids originating from nutrition disappear in urine samples after a
      few days of a zero diet, whereas those produced from body compounds do not. The
      zero diet can be substituted by a diet of peeled rice and water.

PMID- 3711222
TI  - Separation and quantitation of hydralazine metabolites by high-performance liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - A selective high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the separation and
      quantitation of the proposed hepatic microsomal metabolites of hydralazine (HP),
      phthalazine, phthalazinone, s-triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazine, 3-methyl-s-triazolo[3,4
      a]phthalazine and 3-hydroxymethyl-s-triazolo [3,4-a]phthalazine, is described. An
      extraction technique was developed for the removal of HP from hepatic microsomal
      samples in order to minimize the measurement of products resulting from the
      chemical degradation of HP. The effects of pH and composition of the mobile phase
      on the retention times and resolution of the five compounds were examined. The
      methods presented are accurate and reliable, permitting the baseline separation
      of five HP metabolites with reasonable analysis time and sensitivity.

PMID- 3711223
TI  - Analytical differences between the determination of plasma catecholamines by
      liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and by radioenzymatic assay.

PMID- 3711224
TI  - Purification procedure for some urinary guanidino compounds.

PMID- 3711225
TI  - One-step column chromatographic procedure for purification of mycobacterial
      glycopeptidolipid antigens.

PMID- 3711226
TI  - Analysis of human blood for volatile N-nitrosamines by gas chromatography
      chemiluminescence detection.
AB  - A method was developed to separate and measure trace levels of volatile N
      nitrosamines (NAs) in human blood that either eliminated or accounted for in
      vitro artifactual formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) through the use of
      water blanks, added inhibitor (ascorbic acid) and added morpholine. The absolute
      minimum detectable limit was 8 pg; minimum level of reliable measurement was 0.05
      microgram/kg for a 20-g blood specimen. Recovery of NDMA from blood was 93 +/-
      5%. Coefficient of variation was 25%. Bloods from 242 people were analyzed for
      volatile NAs. NDMA was the only NA found. Positive specimens were presumptively
      confirmed by their non-detection after ultraviolet photolysis and/or mass
      spectrometry. This paper presents additional evidence that in vivo NA formation
      occurs.

PMID- 3711227
TI  - Melatonin determination in human urine by high-performance liquid chromatography
      with fluorescence detection.

PMID- 3711228
TI  - Determination of nucleotides in adenosine-treated cultured lymphoid cells by high
      performance anion-exchange column chromatography.

PMID- 3711229
TI  - Effect of intramolecular S-S bond cleavage upon the mobility of proteins in
      sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

PMID- 3711230
TI  - Determination of fenoctimine in plasma by capillary gas chromatography with
      nitrogen-phosphorus detection.

PMID- 3711231
TI  - Determination of nefopam in equine plasma by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
      with chemical ionization.

PMID- 3711232
TI  - Gas chromatographic determination of carisoprodol in human plasma.

PMID- 3711233
TI  - Development of a standardized analysis strategy for basic drugs using ion-pair
      extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography. VIII. Method construction
      for the determination of mebeverine in tablets and biological fluids.

PMID- 3711234
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic assay of basic amine drugs in plasma and
      urine using a silica gel column and an aqueous mobile phase. I. Amiloride.

PMID- 3711235
TI  - Spiroarsoranes, a new class of antiparasitical compounds: quantitative analysis
      by high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3711236
TI  - Rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of ibuprofen in human
      plasma.

PMID- 3711237
TI  - Measurement of rifampicin and 25-desacetylrifampicin in biological fluids using
      high-performance liquid chromatography with direct sample injection.

PMID- 3711238
TI  - Simple and selective high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the
      determination of hydrochlorothiazide in urine.

PMID- 3711239
TI  - Chromatographic assay of 10-[3-(3-hydroxypyrrolidinyl)propyl]-2-trifluoromethyl
      phenothiazine using electrochemical detection.

PMID- 3711240
TI  - Determination of cimetidine in plasma and urine by high-performance liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 3711241
TI  - Determination of codeine in plasma and urine by reversed-phase high-performance
      liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3711242
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic assay for hydroxychloroquine and three of
      its major metabolites, desethylhydroxychloroquine, desethylchloroquine and
      bidesethylchloroquine, in human plasma.

PMID- 3711243
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of azthreonam in tissues and
      body fluids.

PMID- 3711244
TI  - Simultaneous liquid chromatographic determination of aspirin and the metabolites
      in human urine.

PMID- 3711245
TI  - Purification of human milk gangliosides by silica gel chromatography and analysis
      of trifluoroacetate derivatives by gas chromatography.
AB  - Two of the main gangliosides in human milk were purified by silica gel (230-400
      mesh) column chromatography. The gangliosides were identified as GD3 and GM3 by
      methanolysis (2 M hydrochloric acid; 60 or 85 degrees C) and gas chromatography
      of trifluoroacetate derivatives on a fused-silica capillary column. The molar
      ratios of galactose, glucose and sialic acid were 1:1:2 and 1:1:1, respectively,
      and the sequence in both gangliosides comprised sialic acid--galactose--glucose-
      ceramide, as indicated by the time course of cleavage of individual components
      during methanolysis at 60 degrees C.

PMID- 3711246
TI  - Rapid ion-exchange separation of human brain gangliosides.
AB  - An extract of human brain gangliosides was separated on a Spheron 1000-DEAE
      spherous fine-grain macroporous glycolmethacrylate anion-exchanger. Linear
      gradient elution using ammonium acetate in methanol resulted in the complete
      separation of mono, di-, tri-, tetra- and pentasialogangliosides in 35 min at the
      load of 2.4 mg/ml of ion-exchanger. The ganglioside fractions thus obtained were
      characterized by thin-layer chromatography on silica gel. In conclusion, the
      scope of rapid separation of gangliosides is discussed, based on a combination of
      column chromatographic methods.

PMID- 3711247
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography of adult human bronchoalveolar lavage:
      assay for phospholipid lung profile.
AB  - High-performance liquid chromatography has been used to separate pulmonary
      phospholipids from adult human bronchoalveolar lavage. A solvent system
      consisting of acetonitrile-water (80:20) as solvent A and pure acetonitrile as
      solvent B was used with a silica column (Bio-Sil HP 10) coupled to an Si-100
      Polyol precolumn. A linear gradient from 87.5 to 25% of solvent B was found to
      separate all biologically relevant surfactant phospholipids in the following
      sequence and composition: phosphatidic acid (1.1%), phosphatidylglycerol (10.6%),
      phosphatidylinositol (9.9%), phosphatidylethanolamine (3.6%), phosphatidylserine
      (4.5%), phosphatidylcholine (60.8%), sphingomyelin (8.1%) and
      lysophosphatidylcholine (1.6%). These results were very similar to the
      phospholipid pattern obtained by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. It is
      concluded that high-performance liquid chromatography is a useful and rapid
      method for the separation of phospholipids in biological fluids containing
      pulmonary surfactant.

PMID- 3711248
TI  - Evaluation of plasma 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol.
AB  - A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay suitable for the
      evaluation of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) in 1-ml aliquots of plasma
      is presented. Preparatory steps include extraction into ethyl acetate and
      minicolumn chromatography. Recoveries are monitored with [3H]MHPG. The HPLC
      procedure utilizes a C18 column, isocratic elution and amperometric detection.
      The assay was checked against a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric procedure;
      the two procedures correlated well with a correlation coefficient of 0.99. Intra
      assay reproducibility was 5.4%, inter-assay reproducibility 10.7%. Immediate
      changes in the orthostatic position did not affect the plasma MHPG concentration.
      Based on 22 normal controls the daytime plasma MHPG level was 2.98 +/- 0.66 ng/ml
      (mean +/- S.D.).

PMID- 3711249
TI  - Clinical epidemiology.

PMID- 3711250
TI  - Prevalence of Raynaud phenomenon in the general population. A preliminary study
      by questionnaire.
AB  - A short questionnaire inquiring about cold sensitivity of the fingers was
      administered to 1752 randomly selected subjects in a probability sample drawn
      from the adult population of the state of South Carolina. The overall prevalence
      of reported cold sensitivity was approximately 10% and showed no sex or race
      difference. A female preponderance was revealed only after subjects exposed to
      vibrating tools were excluded, and then only in the white group. Estimates of the
      prevalence of Raynaud phenomenon were obtained using the following criteria: cold
      sensitive subjects reporting white and/or blue color changes: 4.6%; cold
      sensitivity leading to medical consultation: 3.0%; combination of the two
      criteria above: 1.9%.

PMID- 3711251
TI  - Can the Sickness Impact Profile measure change? An example of scale assessment.
AB  - The Sickness Impact Profile is a well known measure of functional status which
      has been validated as a measure of differences in function between patients, but
      not as a measure of within-patient change. To evaluate its performance as a
      measure of change, the Sickness Impact Profile was compared to a transition index
      that directly assesses intra-patient differences in maximal physical and
      emotional function. With the index, patients rate themselves as much better,
      slightly better, the same, slightly worse or much worse as compared to a previous
      assessment. When compared to the corresponding index ratings, Sickness Impact
      Profile subscale score changes for a rating of worse were of greater magnitude
      than those for a rating of better. The inherent variability of the Sickness
      Impact Profile score was estimated using the standard deviation of the score
      change for the index rating "the same". For patients to be regarded as changed
      they had to lie outside the probability limits of this score change. Defined in
      this way, only patients who stated they were worse on the index were detected.
      Receiver operator characteristic curves were constructed and also demonstrated
      that deteriorations in function were more accurately detected. Using different
      score cutoffs, the best true positive rate (71%) was obtained using a one point
      change on the psychosocial subscale. This was accompanied by a 39% false positive
      rate. No score value appeared sufficiently accurate to be useful. Its apparent
      inability to detect improvements and deteriorations equally, and the wide
      standard deviations for a given change in function, may limit the use of the
      Sickness Impact Profile for following individuals over time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3711252
TI  - Multiphasic Health Checkup Evaluation: a 16-year follow-up.
AB  - The Multiphasic Health Checkup Evaluation Study, a long-term clinical trial, has
      been completed. A study group of 5156 men and women age 35-54 at entry was urged
      to have annual multiphasic health checkups (MHCs) for 16 years. A control group
      of 5557 comparable subjects was not so urged but was followed up in a comparable
      fashion. The mean and median number of MHCs per person were 6.8 and 6,
      respectively, in the study group and 2.8 and 1, respectively, in the control
      group. During 16 years the study group experienced a 30% reduction (p less than
      0.05) in deaths from pre-specified "potentially postponable" causes, largely
      associated with lower death rates from colorectal cancer and hypertension. This
      reduction was most pronounced in the early years of the study. The two groups did
      not differ to a statistically significant degree in mortality from all other
      causes (84% of total mortality) or in total mortality. There was no difference in
      self-reported disability in the overall groups. In the setting of our prepaid
      health care plan where MHCs were already available on a voluntary basis, a
      program of urging middle-aged persons to undergo regular MHCs brought about a
      substantial reduction in mortality from preselected diseases.

PMID- 3711253
TI  - Observer variation in the classification of mammographic parenchymal patterns.
AB  - Wolfe has described different cancer risks associated with a classification of
      four patterns of the breast parenchyma on mammography, but there is however
      little information available on the ability of radiologists to agree on the
      classification of the different patterns. We have assessed inter-rater agreement
      on the assignment of films to one of the four mammographic patterns described by
      Wolfe. One hundred xeromammograms were selected, copied and distributed to 10
      radiologists who were experts in mammography. Films were classified according to
      the presence or absence of several radiological signs, according to diagnosis and
      recommendation, and according to mammographic pattern. Agreement was assessed
      after correction for agreement expected by chance, using the Kappa statistic. In
      general, high levels of agreement were found for the classification of
      mammographic pattern. Agreement on the classification of mammographic pattern was
      substantially greater than agreement for any other feature of mammographic
      interpretation, including diagnosis and recommendation.

PMID- 3711254
TI  - Estimating variances of standardized estimators in case-control studies and
      sparse data.
AB  - Flanders (J Chron Dis 37: 449-453, 1984) has presented variance estimators for
      standardized rate ratios obtained from follow-up data. This paper presents and
      illustrates the use of analogous estimators for case-control data, and discusses
      and illustrates estimation of standardized ratios and their variances when the
      data are sparse, as in matched case-control studies.

PMID- 3711255
TI  - Autonomic function tests in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients and
      apparently healthy volunteers.
AB  - Traditionally accepted symptoms suggestive of autonomic neuropathy (ANP) were
      elicited in 65 non-insulin dependent diabetic patients attending a diabetic
      clinic and four autonomic function tests (AFTs) were performed in these diabetics
      and 60 non-diabetic healthy volunteers. Though 18 (27.6%) diabetics had symptoms
      of ANP, none of these symptoms were severe. AFTs were abnormal in 30 (46.2%)
      diabetics and 9 (15%) healthy volunteers. AFT abnormalities in diabetics were
      found more frequently than symptoms would suggest (21, i.e. 70% of the 30
      diabetics did not have symptoms of ANP). There was poor correlation between
      symptoms of ANP and AFT abnormalities (only 9 of the 18 diabetics with symptoms
      of ANP had abnormal AFTs). Of the four AFTs performed, R-R variation was the
      commonest abnormality occurring in 17 of the 30 diabetics with abnormal AFTs. The
      prevalence of AFT abnormalities did not increase significantly with the duration
      of diabetes (chi 2 = 0.42; p = 0.8392), but increased significantly with the
      advancing age of the diabetics (chi 2 = 11.14; p less than 0.005). In healthy
      volunteers, the test values for standard deviation for R-R variation in deep
      breathing decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) with the advancing age of
      the subjects.

PMID- 3711256
TI  - Radiation-induced thyroid and other head and neck tumors: occurrence of multiple
      tumors and analysis of risk factors.
AB  - In 2561 patients who received conventional external radiation treatment before
      age 15 yr for benign conditions of the head, neck, and upper thoracic area, we
      found an increase in the number of salivary gland tumors and benign neural tumors
      of the head and neck area. To determine whether patients who developed these
      relatively uncommon tumors were more susceptible to the long term effects of
      radiation, we analyzed how frequently these patients also developed benign and
      malignant thyroid neoplasms. Compared to the remainder of the irradiated
      population, the patients with salivary and neural tumors had an increased
      frequency of thyroid disease (19.4% vs. 11.2% for thyroid cancer and 52.4% vs.
      39.9% for all thyroid nodules). Various risk factors were studied to determine
      whether they were related to the eventual occurrence of thyroid disease. Higher
      doses, being female, and lower ages at time of treatment were associated with
      increased risk. However, these factors did not fully explain the differences in
      the frequency of coexisting tumors, suggesting that additional factors, such as
      radiation sensitivity, may account for the increased risk.

PMID- 3711257
TI  - Antidiuretic effect and pharmacokinetics of oral 1-desamino-8-D-arginine
      vasopressin. 1. Studies in adults and children.
AB  - The dose-response relationships and pharmacokinetics of orally administered 1
      desamino-8-D-AVP (DDAVP) were investigated. In water-loaded normal subjects
      marked reductions in urine flow rate and increases in urinary osmolality
      occurred. The responses were maximal 2 h after ingestion of 50, 100, and 200
      micrograms, and lasted at least 6 h. Plasma DDAVP levels increased in a dose
      dependent fashion and its disappearance from the plasma followed an exponential
      time course, with a half-life 86 to 142 min. In water-loaded adults with central
      diabetes insipidus (CDI), 200 micrograms oral DDAVP caused marked antidiuresis
      and mean urinary osmolality increased from 107 mosm/kg to 554 mosm/kg after 3 h.
      In these patients the effect also lasted at least 6 h. Children with CDI were
      less sensitive than normal subjects to the 50-microgram dosage and required 100
      micrograms orally to achieve a duration of action similar to that resulting from
      200 micrograms in adults. Oral DDAVP may be useful for treating some patients
      with CDI.

PMID- 3711258
TI  - Human fetal liver estrogen 16 alpha-hydroxylase: precursor specificity, kinetic
      parameters, and in vitro regulation.
AB  - The properties of human fetal liver (HFL) estrogen 16 alpha-hydroxylase (16 alpha
      OHase) were studied in microsomal preparations and hepatocytes maintained in
      culture. A specific assay was developed for the determination of estrogen 16
      alpha-OHase activity based on the enzymatic release of tritium from the C-16
      alpha position of stereospecifically labeled 16 alpha-3H-labeled C18-steroids,
      viz. 17 beta-[16 alpha-3H]estradiol, 17 beta-[16 alpha-3H]estradiol 3-sulfate,
      [16 alpha-3H]estrone, and [16 alpha-3H]estrone sulfate. The percentage of tritium
      at the C-16 alpha position of 17 beta-[16 alpha-3H]estradiol was 92.5%. There was
      no kinetic isotope effect in the 16 alpha-hydroxylation of 17 beta-[16 alpha
      3H]estradiol. HFL hepatocyte and microsomal 16 alpha-OHase activity was linear
      with incubation time for at least 2 h, with a hepatocyte number up to 6.7 X 10(6)
      cells/ml and a microsomal protein concentration up to 1 mg/ml. The apparent Km of
      16 alpha-OHase for estrone sulfate (E1S) was greater than that for either 17 beta
      estradiol (E2) or estrone (E1; 2.9-6.4 microM vs. 0.70-0.84 microM). The maximum
      velocity of HFL 16 alpha-OHase also was greater with E1S or 17 beta-estradiol 3
      sulfate than with either E1 or E2, and E1S was the most efficient substrate. The
      apparent temperature optimum for the microsomal enzyme was 37 C, and the apparent
      pH optimum was 7.0. 16 alpha-Hydroxylation of E1S by HFL microsomes was inhibited
      noncompetitively by E1. The biosynthesis of estriol from E2 by fetal liver
      microsomes does not require an intermediate oxidation step of E2 to E1 as appears
      to be the case in vivo in the human adult; this was demonstrated by the formation
      of [17 alpha-3H]estriol from [17 alpha-3H] E2 in incubations with HFL microsomes.
      A number of growth factors, hormones, and xenobiotics were preincubated with
      hepatocytes for 24 or 72 h to test for stimulation/inhibition of 16 alpha-OHase
      activity. 16 alpha-OHase activity was stimulated by dexamethasone, forskolin,
      (Bu)2cAMP, cholera toxin, 1,2-benzanthracene, and phenobarbital.
      Diethylstilbestrol, E2, and progesterone did not alter hepatocyte 16 alpha-OHase
      activity, except when very high concentrations of E2 and progesterone were used,
      when they became inhibitory; other hormones and growth factors did not alter the
      basal levels of the enzyme.

PMID- 3711259
TI  - Serum bioavailability and tissue metabolism of testosterone and estradiol in rat
      salivary gland.
AB  - The concentration of testosterone in saliva is probably in equilibrium with the
      concentration of cellular exchangeable testosterone in salivary gland, and these
      pools are a function of hormone transplant from the plasma compartment, and
      hormone metabolism in salivary gland cells. Both of these processes were examined
      in the present study using the carotid injection technique in normal and
      pilocarpine-stimulated ketamine-anesthetized rats. Both testosterone and
      estradiol were rapidly transported across salivary gland capillaries in vivo from
      the circulating albumin-bound pool. Estradiol, but not testosterone, was also
      rapidly transported into salivary gland from the circulating human sex hormone
      binding globulin-bound pool. Hormone transport was several-fold greater than the
      capillary transport of [3H]bovine albumin, indicating that bound hormone was
      available for transport across salivary gland capillaries via an enhanced
      dissociation mechanism, with the plasma protein primarily residing in the plasma
      compartment. This result was confirmed by thaw-mount autoradiography, which
      showed diffuse distribution of [3H]testosterone in salivary gland, but vascular
      retention of [3H]bovine albumin. The concentration of exchangeable cellular
      testosterone in rat saliva was less than 4% of the total or plasma exchangeable
      testosterone in the rat. This marked discrepancy between the concentration of
      plasma and cellular exchangeable hormone suggested that there was rapid
      metabolism of androgen by salivary gland in vivo. This was confirmed by
      chromatographic separation of [3H] testosterone and labeled metabolites in
      homogenates of salivary gland. By 60 sec after injection, approximately 30% of
      the radioactivity in the salivary gland was in the form of androgen metabolites,
      which primarily comigrated with an androstenedione standard. The data indicate
      that albumin-bound testosterone, albumin-bound estradiol, and sex hormone-binding
      globulin-bound estradiol are all exchangeable in salivary gland capillaries. The
      low concentration of cellular exchangeable testosterone in salivary gland appears
      to be due to rapid tissue metabolism of this hormone. Thus, changes in androgen
      metabolism may alter salivary gland hormone concentrations independent of any
      change in the concentration of biologically active hormone in plasma.

PMID- 3711260
TI  - Abnormal cardiac function in diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy in the
      absence of ischemic heart disease.
AB  - To determine if cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) contributes to diabetic
      cardiomyopathy, left ventricular function was assessed by resting and exercise
      radionuclide ventriculography (RVG) in 30 patients with long-standing insulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus who had no clinical, electrocardiographic, or
      tomographic thallium scan evidence of heart disease. In 11 of 30 patients (37%),
      RVG revealed abnormal left ventricular performance. CAN was found in 91% of these
      patients. RVG was abnormal in 59% of patients with CAN and in only 8% of patients
      without CAN (P less than 0.005). There were significant reductions in mean (+/-
      SE) ejection fractions (EF) in patients with CAN at rest (62.8 +/- 2.2% vs. 75.2
      +/- 2.5%; P less than 0.001) and with maximal exercise (65.8 +/- 2.6% vs. 80.9 +/
      2.3%; P less than 0.001) compared to patients without CAN. There was an inverse
      correlation between the autonomic function score and both resting EF (r = -0.53;
      P less than 0.002) and exercise EF (r = -0.55; P less than 0.002). Systolic
      function did not correlate with age, sex, duration or control of diabetes,
      microvascular complications, or plasma norepinephrine levels. Thus, approximately
      one third of our study population had evidence for depressed left ventricular
      function in the absence of ischemic heart disease, and the cardiac dysfunction
      was related to the severity of CAN. CAN may be a contributor to cardiac
      dysfunction in diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3711261
TI  - Clonidine suppression test for pheochromocytoma: examples of misleading results.
AB  - Baseline plasma norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) levels over 2000 pg/ml or
      failure to suppress to less than 500 pg/ml after oral clonidine have been
      considered diagnostic of the presence of a pheochromocytoma. We found a false
      negative clonidine suppression test in a patient with an asymptomatic ACTH
      secreting pheochromocytoma who had minimally increased resting plasma NE and E
      values of 669 and 419 pg/ml, respectively. Clonidine suppression caused decreases
      at 2 and 3 h to 372 and 408 pg/ml, respectively. A positive test was found in a
      patient with repeatedly elevated baseline plasma NE and E concentrations; the two
      highest results were 2501 and 3022 pg/ml. Clonidine administration on five
      occasions failed to decrease plasma NE and E levels to less than 500 pg/ml.
      However, no pheochromocytoma was found by selective venous catheterization, two
      laparotomies, and, ultimately, postmortem examination. Diffuse infiltration of
      lymphoplasmacytic cells throughout sympathetic ganglia and adrenal medulla raise
      the possibility of a diffuse autoimmune disorder, resulting in excessive
      catecholamine production. These examples suggest that the clonidine suppression
      test does not always indicate the presence or absence of a pheochromocytoma.

PMID- 3711262
TI  - Long-lasting suppression of prolactin secretion and rapid shrinkage of
      prolactinomas after a long-acting, injectable form of bromocriptine.
AB  - Since Corenblum reported in 1975 the first documented reduction of tumor size in
      two patients with macroprolactinoma, evidence has accumulated that bromocriptine
      causes shrinkage of PRL-secreting adenomas in most patients. Recently a long
      acting form of bromocriptine (bromocriptine LA) was developed. A single dose of
      50 mg i.m. decreases basal and sleep-related PRL secretion in normal subjects for
      28 days. We treated 13 patients (8 women, 5 men) with PRL secreting tumors (5
      macroadenomas and 8 microadenomas) with a single dose (50 mg) of bromocriptine
      LA. In the 5 patients with macroprolactinomas plasma PRL levels decreased
      markedly within 12 hours, reaching normal levels in only one patient. In all
      patients the suppression of PRL secretion lasted at least 28 days and the tumor
      size was reduced by 20% to 59% within 21 days after the injection. Visual fields
      improved in all 3 patients with abnormal vision prior to the injection. In one
      patient with bitemporal hemianopsia an almost normalization of the visual field
      was noted 24 hours after bromocriptine LA administration. In 7/8 patients with
      microprolactinomas plasma PRL levels decreased to within the normal range within
      12 hours after the administration of bromocriptine LA. The normalization of PRL
      secretion lasted for at least 28 days. Menses resumed in all 6 women 7 to 41 days
      after the injection, galactorrhea disappeared in all 4 patients, and libido and
      potency become normal in both men with microprolactinomas. Patients treated with
      bromocriptine LA reported only short-lasting (1 hour - 2 days) mild or moderate
      adverse effects, consisting of dizziness (4 patients) and nausea (4 patients).
      Long-acting bromocriptine should be considered as the initial management for
      patients with PRL-secreting tumors. The use of bromocriptine LA could also
      overcome the compliance problems that occur in many patients soon after the
      initiation of oral bromocriptine therapy.

PMID- 3711263
TI  - [An electron microscopic study of changes in the pancreas induced by experimental
      severe thermal burns].

PMID- 3711264
TI  - [Blood volume measurement of newborn infants delivered in a sitting position].

PMID- 3711265
TI  - [Study on the mechanical strength of the medial tibial condyle of the rheumatoid
      knee].

PMID- 3711266
TI  - [Brain laterality].

PMID- 3711267
TI  - Staphylococcal peritonitis in patients on continuous peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - During 1984, 35 patients undergoing continuous peritoneal dialysis experienced 77
      cases of peritonitis with 55 cases (71.4%) related to staphylococci. Coagulase
      negative staphylococci were isolated in 41 cases, while Staphylococcus aureus was
      found in 14. A coexisting tunnel infection was more often associated with S.
      aureus (7/14) than with coagulase-negative staphylococci (2/41) (P less than
      0.01). Likewise, eradication of the infection necessitated catheter removal more
      frequently with S. aureus (5/14) than with coagulase-negative staphylococci
      (2/41) (P less than 0.01). Of the 41 coagulase-negative staphylococci, 35 were
      characterized as to species, adherence, and production of two exopolysaccharides.
      Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most frequent coagulase-negative species
      (29/35). Peritonitis cases caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci that lacked
      adherence and exopolysaccharides were more frequently associated with
      complications (4/6) than were those organisms with either or both properties of
      adherence or exopolysaccharide production (5/29). There were no appreciable
      differences in antibiotic susceptibilities. Staphylococcal peritonitis remains a
      significant cause of morbidity in continuous peritoneal dialysis patients. The
      incidence of complications was not directly linked to staphylococcal properties
      of adherence or exopolysaccharide production.

PMID- 3711268
TI  - Comparison of Chalquest and Hayflick media, with and without ammonium reineckate,
      for isolating Mycoplasma pulmonis from rats.
AB  - Chalquest and Hayflick media with and without ammonium reineckate were compared
      for isolation of Mycoplasma pulmonis from the nasopharyngeal ducts,
      tracheobronchial trees, and middle ears of 66 naturally infected rats. The
      results show that 92% (366 of 396) of the samples were positive for M. pulmonis
      in Chalquest medium with and without ammonium reineckate and 66% (260 of 396)
      were positive in Hayflick medium with and without ammonium reineckate (P less
      than 0.001). An enhancing effect of ammonium reineckate on M. pulmonis isolation
      was observed only in Hayflick medium; the isolation rate was 76% (151 of 198) in
      Hayflick medium with ammonium reineckate as compared with 55% (109 of 198) in
      Hayflick medium without ammonium reineckate (P less than 0.03). No significant
      differences in isolation rates were observed between Chalquest medium with and
      without ammonium reineckate. The mean growth time of M. pulmonis on Chalquest
      medium was 3.4 days as compared with 5.1 days in Hayflick medium, indicating that
      M. pulmonis can be detected earlier on Chalquest medium than on Hayflick medium.
      These data indicate that Chalquest medium is superior to Hayflick medium for M.
      pulmonis isolation from rats.

PMID- 3711269
TI  - Salmonella susceptibility patterns in hospitals from 1975 through 1984.
AB  - The susceptibility of salmonella to commonly used antibiotics was analyzed for
      the 10-year period 1975 through 1984. The susceptibilities of 19,200 strains
      isolated from a yearly average of 211 hospitals nationwide and 1,508 strains
      isolated at the Kings County Medical Center in Brooklyn, N.Y., were described.
      Nationally, the susceptibility to nine antibacterial agents, including
      tetracycline, did not change markedly for the decade. The slight increase in
      susceptibility to tetracycline observed nationally may reflect the decreased
      clinical use of this antibiotic during the decade studied.

PMID- 3711270
TI  - Opportunistic infection of the spleen caused by Aureobasidium pullulans.
AB  - The mold Aureobasidium pullulans was isolated on several nutrient media from a
      splenic abscess in a patient with disseminated lymphoma. Examination of stained
      smears and paraffin sections revealed fungal structures characteristic of this
      organism. This is the first reported association of A. pullulans with an
      opportunistic visceral infection.

PMID- 3711271
TI  - Accuracy and reproducibility of the IDS rapID STR system for species
      identification of streptococci.
AB  - The RapID STR system (Innovative Diagnostic Systems, Inc., Atlanta, Ga.) was
      evaluated in the identification of 266 streptococci. Organisms included 60 beta
      hemolytic streptococci, 71 group D strains (48 enterococci and 23
      nonenterococci), 26 Streptococcus pneumoniae, and 109 viridans group strains.
      With concomitant optochin testing, as is currently recommended by the
      manufacturer for all alpha-hemolytic strains, the RapID STR system correctly
      identified 100% of beta-hemolytic strains, 87.3% of group D strains (93.7% of
      enterococci, 73.9% of nonenterococci), 88.5% of S. pneumoniae, and 72.5% of
      viridans strains. Without the use of optochin, the correct identification of S.
      pneumoniae and the viridans group was 26.9 and 52.3%, respectively. The RapID STR
      system incorrectly identified 3.0% of strains, including four group D
      streptococci, three pneumococci, and one viridans isolate. Reproducibility was
      excellent, with 95% of strains tested in triplicate yielding identical results on
      each of the three occasions. The RapID STR system represents a worthwhile advance
      in streptococcal species identification, especially for group D and viridans
      strains.

PMID- 3711272
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibody to Gnathostoma
      antigen in patients with intermittent cutaneous migratory swelling.
AB  - A sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is described for the detection of
      immunoglobulin G antibody to Gnathostoma antigen in the sera of patients with
      intermittent cutaneous migratory swelling who were suspected of being infected by
      the tissue nematode Gnathostoma spinigerum. The antigen used was a crude somatic
      aqueous extract of the third larval stage obtained from naturally infected eels.
      The 1:320 dilution of all sera from 46 patients gave enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay values above the mean (+2 standard deviations) of normal healthy controls,
      which was arbitrarily used as a cutoff point. The sera from patients suspected of
      being infected by another tissue nematode, Angiostrongylus cantonensis, as well
      as from patients with intestinal roundworm infections, also reacted weakly in the
      test system used in this study. Nonetheless, when the assay was carried out using
      both Gnathostoma and Angiostrongylus antigens simultaneously, it appeared to be a
      reliable laboratory test that can be used to support a clinical diagnosis of
      gnathostomiasis in patients with intermittent cutaneous migratory swelling.

PMID- 3711273
TI  - Evaluation of live avian-human reassortant influenza A H3N2 and H1N1 virus
      vaccines in seronegative adult volunteers.
AB  - An avian-human reassortant influenza A virus deriving its genes coding for the
      hemagglutinin and neuraminidase from the human influenza A/Washington/897/80
      (H3N2) virus and its six "internal" genes from the avian influenza
      A/Mallard/NY/6750/78 (H2N2) virus (i.e., a six-gene reassortant) was previously
      shown to be safe, infectious, nontransmissible, and immunogenic as a live virus
      vaccine in adult humans. Two additional six-gene avian-human reassortant
      influenza viruses derived from the mating of wild-type human influenza
      A/California/10/78 (H1N1) and A/Korea/1/82 (H3N2) viruses with the avian
      influenza A/Mallard/NY/78 virus were evaluated in seronegative (hemagglutination
      inhibition titer, less than or equal to 1:8) adult volunteers for safety,
      infectivity, and immunogenicity to determine whether human influenza A viruses
      can be reproducibly attenuated by the transfer of the six internal genes of the
      avian influenza A/Mallard/NY/78 virus. The 50% human infectious dose was 10(4.9)
      50% tissue culture infectious doses for the H1N1 reassortant virus and 10(5.4)
      50% tissue culture infectious doses for the H3N2 reassortant virus. Both
      reassortants were satisfactorily attenuated with only 5% (H1N1) and 2% (H3N2) of
      infected vaccines receiving less than 400 50% human infectious doses developing
      illness. Consistent with this level of attenuation, the magnitude of viral
      shedding after inoculation was reduced 100-fold (H1N1) to 10,000-fold (H3N2)
      compared with that produced by wild-type virus. The duration of virus shedding by
      vaccines was one-third that of controls receiving wild-type virus. At 40 to 100
      50% human infectious doses, virus-specific immune responses were seen in 77 to
      93% of volunteers. When vaccinees who has received 10(7.5) 50% tissue culture
      infectious doses of the H3N2 vaccine were experimentally challenged with a
      homologous wild-type human virus only 2 of 19 (11%) vaccinees became ill compared
      with 7 of 14 (50%) unvaccinated seronegative controls ( P < 0.025; protective
      efficacy, 79%). Thus, three different virulent human influenza A viruses have
      been satisfactorily attenuated by the acquisition of the six internal genes of
      the avian influenza A/Mallard/NY/78 virus. The observation that this donor virus
      can reproducibly attenuate human influenza A viruses indicates that avian-human
      influenza A reassortants should be further studied as potential live influenza A
      virus vaccines.

PMID- 3711274
TI  - Slime production by bovine milk Staphylococcus aureus and identification of
      coagulase-negative staphylococcal isolates.
AB  - Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine milk were assessed for capsule or
      slime production. When pure S. aureus cultures in milk were inoculated directly
      into serum-soft agar constituted with a modified staphylococcus 110 medium, 100%
      of the isolates grew with diffuse colony morphology. Diffuse colony morphology
      was rapidly lost on subculture and was more rapidly lost in brain heart infusion
      serum-soft agar. No evidence was seen for encapsulation in India ink preparations
      or by the clumping factor test. It was concluded that freshly isolated S. aureus
      strains produce slime, not true capsules. During examination of the 84 milk
      samples that grew staphylococci in addition to S. aureus (27.4%), a significant
      number of coagulase-negative staphylococcal species were encountered and
      identified by conventional tests as S. simulans (41.7%), S. xylosus (11.9%), S.
      epidermidis (3.6%), S. saprophyticus (3.6%), S. hyicus (2.9%), S. cohnii (1.2%),
      S. haemolyticus (1.2%), and S. warneri (1.2%). Five isolates (6.0%) were not
      identified. Attempts were also made to identify the isolates by the API Staph
      Ident system, which gave an overall accuracy of 45.2%. The susceptibilities of
      the isolates to a variety of antibiotics were determined, and they appeared to be
      less resistant than human clinical isolates.

PMID- 3711275
TI  - Evaluation of the Minitek gram-positive set for identification of staphylococci
      isolated from the bovine mammary gland.
AB  - The Minitek Gram-Positive Set was evaluated as a means of identifying
      staphylococci isolated from bovine mammary glands. Initial accuracy was 79.2%.
      Misidentification of isolates due to data base deficiencies resulted with the
      animal-associated species Staphylococcus intermedius and S. hyicus. Minor
      modification to account for data base deficiencies permitted recognition of 87.7%
      of the isolates. Incorporation of additional veterinary isolates into the data
      base would improve the accuracy of the Minitek system and enhance acceptance by
      veterinary microbiologists.

PMID- 3711276
TI  - Characteristics of Yersinia intermedia-like bacteria isolated from patients with
      diarrhea in Nigeria.
AB  - Five Yersinia strains, biochemically mimicking Yersinia intermedia, were isolated
      from patients with acute diarrheal diseases seen at the University of Lagos
      (Nigeria) Teaching Hospital between October 1979 and September 1982. The five
      isolates utilized citrate as their source of carbon and fermented sucrose, L
      rhamnose, and alpha-methyl-D-glucoside, but unlike any other Y. intermedia
      biogroup, they failed to ferment D-melibiose or D-raffinose. They all belonged to
      serogroup O:52,53. Four autoagglutinated and were calcium dependent for growth at
      37 degrees C. Three caused conjunctivitis in the guinea pig eye model, but none
      possessed the 42-megadalton virulence plasmid. Four of the isolates caused
      diarrhea in orally infected mice and rabbits but were nonlethal for these
      animals. These results suggest that these isolates represent yet another Yersinia
      species with disease-producing capabilities in humans.

PMID- 3711277
TI  - Identification of oxidase-positive, glucose-negative, motile species of
      nonfermentative bacilli.
AB  - Motile and glucose-negative nonfermentative bacilli are difficult to identify by
      commonly used procedures. We found eight features (reduction of nitrate and
      nitrite, acidification of fructose, and alkalinization of acetamide, arginine,
      histidine, saccharate, and urea) that identified 83% of 143 strains. These, along
      with additional biochemical tests, effected identification of 93% of the strains.
      Hence, only a minority of these strains required examination by microscopy (for
      type of flagellation and presence of inclusion bodies) for complete
      identification.

PMID- 3711278
TI  - Persistence of chlamydial antibodies after pelvic inflammatory disease.
AB  - The persistence of chlamydial immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies and long-term
      sequelae of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) were studied in 70 women who had
      been treated for PID 3 to 6 years previously. Fifty-one women had had PID
      associated with Chlamydia trachomatis infection (Chlamydia group), and 19 women
      had had PID not associated with C. trachomatis (non-Chlamydia group). Chlamydial
      IgG antibodies, as determined by the indirect immunofluorescence test with
      inclusions of C. trachomatis L2 as antigens, persisted at stable levels in 43% of
      the women for up to 6 years; 43% of the women showed a decrease in IgG titer, and
      13% showed an increase. IgA antibody levels in serum correlated with IgG antibody
      levels in serum and with the presence of cervical IgA antibodies. Both serum
      antibodies and cervical IgA antibodies were more often found in the Chlamydia
      group. Forty-two percent of the women were infertile. Every fifth subsequent
      pregnancy was ectopic. The presence of cervical IgA antibodies might protect the
      women from tubal damage.

PMID- 3711279
TI  - Comparison of lipopolysaccharide and outer membrane protein-lipopolysaccharide
      extracts in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of Brucella
      ovis infection.
AB  - Brucella ovis hot saline extracts and petroleum ether-chloroform-phenol
      lipopolysaccharide were compared in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the
      diagnosis of B. ovis ram epididymitis. Hot saline extracts detected greater
      numbers of infected rams. Chemical characterization of the antigens showed that,
      although both contained lipopolysaccharide, hot saline extracts also contained
      outer membrane proteins. These proteins were active as antigens in Western blot
      tests with sera of infected rams, and therefore they explained the better
      diagnostic results obtained with hot saline extracts. However, compared with
      lipopolysaccharide, hot saline extracts showed a higher degree of cross
      reactivity with sera from smooth B. melitensis-infected animals. This observation
      might be explained by the presence of B. ovis outer membrane proteins in hot
      saline extracts which lack the specificity necessary for serological
      identification of the Brucella species present.

PMID- 3711280
TI  - Immunoglobulin and specific antibody responses to Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium)
      equi infection in foals as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
AB  - Humoral immune response to intestinal Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi in
      horses was studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Anti-R. equi
      immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgG, and IgA antibodies were demonstrated in the healthy
      horse population. Adult horse levels of anti-R. equi IgM and IgG antibodies were
      reached by 5 to 9 weeks of age in two healthy newborn foals. R. equi was
      recovered from the foals in the range of 10(3) to 10(4) per g of intestinal
      contents. A 1-week-old foal was infected with R. equi by mouth daily for 9 weeks.
      The foal did not show any clinical signs of illness. Anti-R. equi IgM antibody
      values in the foal increased about 5 to 8 weeks after initial inoculation,
      similar to the naturally occurring immune response to intestinal R. equi. There
      were differences among the antibody responses to R. equi in healthy horses, foals
      with suspected infection, and infected foals. These results suggest that exposure
      to R. equi is widespread in the horse population and that intestinal R. equi is
      the most important source of antigenic stimulation for a naturally occurring
      immune response in horses.

PMID- 3711281
TI  - Nosocomial infection and colonization by Klebsiella trevisanii.
AB  - During an 18-month period we identified two cases of septicemia and 24 examples
      of colonization of humans by Klebsiella trevisanii. Organisms were identified
      using the API 20EC and API 147 assimilation galleries. Of 147 clinical isolates
      initially identified as K. oxytoca, 18% were found to be K. trevisanii. Tracheal
      aspirate was the most common source of the organism. An extensive environmental
      sampling survey in the rooms of 12 colonized patients revealed a possible
      reservoir of the organism only once (a face cloth).

PMID- 3711282
TI  - Evaluation of a commercial cytotoxicity assay for detection of Clostridium
      difficile toxin.
AB  - A comparative study was performed to determine the accuracy of Clostridium
      difficile toxin detection. A commercial cytotoxicity assay (Bartels
      Immunodiagnostic Supply, Bellevue, Wash.) was compared with conventional
      microcytotoxicity assays, using Vero and MRC-5 cells. The Bartels system was
      found to be essentially equivalent to conventional cytotoxicity assays currently
      being performed for routine C. difficile toxin detection.

PMID- 3711283
TI  - First case report from Argentina of fatal septicemia caused by Chromobacterium
      violaceum.
AB  - A case of Chromobacterium violaceum fatal septicemia is reported. The
      microorganism was isolated from six blood cultures and two suppurated skin
      lesions. It is the first such case described in Argentina, and it reinforces the
      need for prolonged treatment and careful clinical evaluation to ensure complete
      remission of human infections caused by this bacterium.

PMID- 3711284
TI  - Effect of storage temperature and pH on the stability of antimicrobial agents in
      MIC trays.
AB  - Twelve antimicrobial agents, ampicillin, aztreonam, cefamandole, cefazolin,
      cefonicid, ceforanide, ceftazidime, ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime,
      ciprofloxacin, and norfloxacin, were prepared at pH 6.80 and 7.31 in
      microdilution trays for storage at 4, -10, -25, and -70 degrees C and for weekly
      susceptibility testing. All 12 drugs had stable biological activity when stored
      at -70 degrees C for 1 year. All but ampicillin and aztreonam were stable at -25
      degrees C. Storage at -10 degrees C was least satisfactory. Desiccation occurred
      at 4 degrees C, but short-term storage at this temperature is possible since the
      antimicrobial agents are stable for up to several months.

PMID- 3711285
TI  - Pseudomonas cepacia isolated from crystal violet solution in a hospital
      laboratory.
AB  - Pseudomonas cepacia was isolated from crystal violet solution in a hospital
      laboratory. A similar strain was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of a
      patient. It was difficult to determine whether these strains were identical, but
      they possessed similar biochemical patterns.

PMID- 3711286
TI  - Variations in bacitracin susceptibility observed in Staphylococcus and
      Micrococcus species.
AB  - Bacitracin susceptibility was evaluated as a laboratory method to differentiate
      staphylococci from micrococci. A total of 317 staphylococcal isolates and 108
      micrococcal isolates were each tested for susceptibility to bacitracin by a disk
      diffusion method using disks of three different potencies (0.04, 2.0, and 10.0 U)
      and a broth dilution method to obtain MICs. When a growth inhibition zone
      diameter breakpoint of greater than 10 mm was used to establish susceptibility
      with a 0.04-U disk, all micrococci were bacitracin susceptible and 94.6% of the
      staphylococci were resistant. Testing with disks of higher potency did not
      improve the specificity of the disk-diffusion method.

PMID- 3711287
TI  - Leukocyte survival in cerebrospinal fluid.
AB  - Delays in the laboratory examination of cerebrospinal fluid are commonly
      encountered in clinical medicine. The present studies were designed to evaluate
      changes in cerebrospinal fluid leukocyte counts relative to time elapsed before
      analysis. Neutrophil counts decreased most rapidly, being 68 +/- 10% (standard
      error of the mean) and 50 +/- 12% of initial values at 1 and 2 h, respectively.
      Lymphocyte and monocyte numbers were not significantly altered until 3 h.

PMID- 3711288
TI  - An unusual case of cutaneous listeriosis.
AB  - Listeria monocytogenes was identified as the etiological agent in the cutaneous
      and febrile illness of a 64-year-old male who acquired the organism as a result
      of contact with the genital tract of a cow while assisting in the delivery of a
      stillborn calf.

PMID- 3711289
TI  - Critical evaluation of amdinocillin disk susceptibility tests correlated with
      agar dilution tests.
AB  - Tests with 10-micrograms amdinocillin disks were performed in parallel with agar
      dilution tests and three different ranges of inoculum density. A resistance
      breakpoint of less than or equal to 13 mm and an intermediate category of 14 to
      16 mm are recommended. Susceptible strains provided zones greater than or equal
      to 17 mm in diameter, but many appeared to be resistant by the agar dilution
      methods if the inoculum exceeded 10(4) CFU per spot.

PMID- 3711290
TI  - Osteolytic phaeohyphomycosis in a German shepherd dog caused by Phialemonium
      obovatum.
AB  - Phialemonium obovatum was found to be the cause of osteomyelitis in a German
      shepherd dog. Histologic examination of the biopsied material from the left tibia
      revealed septate, irregularly branched hyphae, swollen cells, and ovate-to
      spherical cells divided by a transverse septum. The majority of the fungal
      elements were hyaline, but a few had lightly pigmented cell walls that had a
      greenish yellow tint. The presence of melanin in the cell walls of the hyphae and
      especially in their septa was verified by the use of the Fontana-Masson silver
      stain. P. obovatum formed moist, off-white-to-ochraceous, spreading colonies with
      a characteristic green pigment on their reverse side. The pigment was more
      prominent in cultures grown at 37 degrees C than in those grown at 25 degrees C.
      The isolate also grew at 40 degrees C. The dog isolate produced characteristic
      adelophialides without conspicuous collarettes and also basal septa from the
      creeping vegetative hyphae growing on the surface of the medium. The numerous
      obovate phialoconidia were smooth and one-celled.

PMID- 3711291
TI  - Rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis in black infants in South Africa.
AB  - From March 1983 to February 1985, rectal swabs were collected from the black
      infants admitted to the gastroenteritis unit at Ga-Rankuwa Hospital, Pretoria,
      Republic of South Africa, to investigate the prevalence of rotavirus-associated
      gastroenteritis. Overall, 23.1% of the patients tested were found to be positive
      for rotaviral illness; a definite seasonal pattern emerged, showing a marked
      increase in the number positive during the autumn. Other factors of importance in
      terms of rotaviral illness included the age distribution of the patients, the
      presence of vomiting, and duration of illness.

PMID- 3711292
TI  - Maxillary sinus infection caused by the homobasidiomycetous fungus Schizophyllum
      commune.
AB  - We investigated a case of maxillary sinus infection caused by the medusoid mutant
      of the basidiomycetous fungus Schizophyllum commune. Morphologies of both typical
      and medusoid forms of S. commune were determined. Prior reports of pathogenic
      homobasidiomycetes are discussed.

PMID- 3711293
TI  - Colonization of newly arrived house staff by virulent staphylococcal phage types
      endemic to a hospital environment.
AB  - The acquisition of hospital strains of Staphylococcus aureus by new house
      officers was studied in an 800-bed referral hospital over a 1-year period. S.
      aureus isolates, including three strains with characteristic phage patterns that
      had previously been documented to cause disease in patients and colonize hospital
      personnel, were recovered from the anterior nares of 35 of 54 newly arrived house
      officers. There was a significant correlation (r = 0.7475; P less than 0.02)
      between colonization with the dominant hospital strain (S) and exposure to the
      hospital environment over 12 months. No hospital-wide increase in infections
      owing to the S strain was seen during this period, which suggests that house
      staff acquired this strain from reservoirs within the hospital. The finding of
      colonization with virulent endemic S. aureus strains in house officers working on
      every ward of the hospital suggests that new strategies for control of S. aureus
      nosocomial infections must be considered and evaluated.

PMID- 3711294
TI  - Enumeration, isolation, and species identification of mycoplasmas in saliva
      sampled from the normal and pathological human oral cavity and antibody response
      to an oral mycoplasma (Mycoplasma salivarium).
AB  - Saliva samples collected from 393 subjects with and without oral diseases were
      examined for concentrations of mycoplasmas and Mycoplasma species. Mycoplasmas
      were isolated from 383 (97%) of the 393 subjects. Viable counts ranged from zero
      to 7.6 X 10(7) CFU/ml (median, 6.9 X 10(4)) and were significantly (P less than
      0.01) higher in diseased subjects, except for those with arthrosis
      temporomandibularis, than in controls. Of 1,400 isolates, 897 (64%), 442 (30%),
      and 8 (1%) were identified as Mycoplasma salivarium, M. orale, and M. hominis,
      respectively, and the remaining 73 isolates (5%) were unidentifiable. More than
      two-thirds of the isolates from diseased subjects versus only half from controls
      were identified as M. salivarium. In diseased subjects other than those with
      ostitis (especially those with arthrosis temporomandibularis), the incidence of
      M. salivarium was higher than that of M. orale, whereas the former occurred about
      as frequently as the latter in the controls. Antibodies to M. salivarium were
      also measured in sera from some subjects by the metabolism inhibition test. Sera
      with metabolism inhibition titers of 16 or greater were rated positive. There was
      no significant difference in the prevalence of antibodies between diseased
      subjects (60%) and controls (40%), but the mean titers (97 to 220) of all
      positive sera from diseased subjects were two to four times those for sera from
      controls. In addition, a fourfold or greater rise or fall of antibody titers to
      the organism was shown in paired sera from some subjects. On the basis of these
      results, M. salivarium was strongly suggested to participate etiologically in
      some cases of oral infection.

PMID- 3711295
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for virulence properties of Campylobacter
      jejuni clinical isolates.
AB  - To evaluate the capacity of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to
      identify pathogenic strains among clinical fecal isolates of Campylobacter
      jejuni, 40 consecutively obtained strains from 39 sick patients and 1
      asymptomatic person were tested by respective ELISAs for enterotoxin production
      in culture filtrates and for the invasive virulence antigen of bacterial cells.
      Of the 40 strains, 14 produced the enterotoxin; 15 strains, two of which were
      also enterotoxigenic, were invasive; and 11 strains had no detectable virulence
      property. The presence or absence of these virulence properties was confirmed by
      the demonstration that viable cells of all 12 randomly selected enterotoxigenic
      or invasive strains tested, but none of 9 nonpathogenic strains tested, caused
      fluid secretion in rat ligated ileal loops. All 12 patients examined who were
      infected with an invasive strain had grossly or microscopically evident blood
      cells in their stools or both, whereas none of those infected with an
      enterotoxigenic strain had overtly bloody diarrhea, and only 1 of 8 patients
      examined had microscopically evident blood cells in the stool. Twelve of the
      invasive, five of the enterotoxigenic, and three of the nonpathogenic strains
      also produced small amounts of cytotoxin, but there was no correlation between
      cytotoxin production and an abnormal response in rat ligated ileal loops. These
      observations show that enterotoxin production or invasiveness or both can be
      detected by ELISAs in three-fourths of C. jejuni fecal isolates and that there is
      usually a relationship between the specific pathogenic property of the infecting
      strain and the clinical mainfestations.

PMID- 3711297
TI  - Growth of Aeromonas species on enteric agars.
AB  - The efficacy of eight routine enteric agars for supporting the growth of 32
      strains of Aeromonas spp. (17 A. hydrophila strains, 8 A. sobria strains, and 7
      A. caviae strains) was investigated. The plating efficiency of Aeromonas spp. on
      these media varied greatly (range, 0 to 100%), as did their colony size when
      compared with that on noninhibitory medium (5% sheep blood agar). Plating
      efficiency on seven of these eight media appeared to be strain- and not species
      dependent. Overall, eosin-methylene blue and Hektoen enteric agars showed low
      plating efficiencies for A. hydrophila, whereas both A. sobria and A. caviae were
      severely inhibited on brilliant green agar. When all these species are considered
      collectively, deoxycholate, MacConkey, and xylose lysine deoxycholate appeared to
      be the most satisfactory routine agars for Aeromonas spp. recovery when used in
      conjunction with blood agar.

PMID- 3711296
TI  - Occurrence and distribution of serotypes of the Arizona subgroup of Salmonella
      strains in the United States from 1967 to 1976.
AB  - The Salmonella Arizona subgroup contains gram-negative enteric bacteria that are
      closely related to other salmonellae biochemically, serologically, and
      genetically. Although the Arizona subgroup may be isolated from a wide variety of
      nonhuman and human sources, the arizonae are uncommonly recognized as human
      pathogens, and surprisingly little is known about their epidemiology. From 1967
      through 1976, the Centers for Disease Control received 858 Arizona subgroup
      cultures from human and nonhuman sources representing 143 different serotypes in
      33 somatic groups; several serotypes had not been previously reported. The 374
      cultures from humans represent 71 different serotypes; extraintestinal isolates
      were present in 31 (44%) serotypes. Compared with data from a previous 20 years
      of surveillance, the proportion of Arizona subgroup strains isolated from stools,
      blood, and other sites was remarkably stable, but several serotypes showed marked
      changes in their frequency of isolation. In total, the ratio of extraintestinal
      to intestinal isolates was 0.37, but marked serotype-specific variation was
      noted, suggesting differences in virulence associated with serotype.

PMID- 3711298
TI  - Detection of an Anaplasma marginale common surface protein present in all stages
      of infection.
AB  - The establishment and maintenance of anaplasmosis-free cattle herds is impaired
      due to the lack of a rapid, sensitive, and specific serologic test to detect
      persistently infected cattle which serve as carriers for the organism. To develop
      an improved diagnostic test for anaplasmosis we screened Anaplasma marginale
      initial body proteins to identify a protein common to antigenically different
      isolates that is recognized by the host immune system at all stages of infection.
      Seronegative cattle were infected with either the Florida, Virginia, or North
      Texas isolate of A. marginale and monitored for infection by daily examination of
      Wright-stained blood smears for parasitized erythrocytes. Sera from cattle at
      different stages of infection, from acute through persistent, were used to
      immunoprecipitate A. marginale proteins that were metabolically radiolabeled with
      [35S]methionine or surface radiolabeled with 125I. Multiple A. marginale proteins
      were recognized by using sera either undiluted or at 1:10; however, only four or
      five proteins were sufficiently antigenic to elicit antibody reactive with a
      1:1,000 serum dilution. A single protein with an apparent molecular mass of 86
      kilodaltons was consistently recognized at all stages of infection regardless of
      the isolate used to infect the cattle. This protein was demonstrated to be on the
      surface of the A. marginale initial body and to be water soluble. We propose use
      of this 86-kilodalton protein to develop an improved serologic test for diagnosis
      of bovine anaplasmosis.

PMID- 3711299
TI  - Synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes to detect Kanagawa phenomenon-positive
      Vibrio parahaemolyticus.
AB  - Synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes were used in the colony hybridization
      test to examine the association between the Kanagawa phenomenon (KP) and the
      thermostable direct hemolysin gene (tdh) of Vibrio parahaemolyticus.
      Representative V. parahaemolyticus strains with a variety of KP reactions and 17
      other Vibrio species were examined for homology with four synthetic
      oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes (19 to 21 bases long) representing different
      regions of the tdh structural gene. Under stringent conditions, two of the probes
      were capable of distinguishing KP-positive V. parahaemolyticus from KP-negative
      or KP weak-positive V. parahaemolyticus which possesses mutated tdh genes. Vibrio
      hollisae strains hybridized with all four probes under reduced stringency,
      suggesting that they have tdh-related genes which are homologous but not
      identical to the tdh gene in all the regions examined. The results suggest that
      the colony hybridization test with the synthetic oligonucleotide probes is more
      suitable for the definitive determination of KP-positive strains than the
      hybridization with the larger gene probe or immunological assays.

PMID- 3711300
TI  - Diagnostic implications of parasite-specific immune responses in
      immunocompromised patients with strongyloidiasis.
AB  - Parasite-specific humoral and cellular immune responses were evaluated in in nine
      immunosuppressed patients with Strongyloides stercoralis infection. Four patients
      had the disseminated form of the disease, and five had serious manifestations
      without evidence of hyperinfection. All patients had high levels of
      immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies directed against S. stercoralis larval antigens
      as detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Seven patients had both
      elevated total serum IgE and parasite-specific IgE antibodies detected by a
      modified radioimmunoassay. The hyperinfected patients differed significantly from
      the nonhyperinfected group in total and specific IgE levels and peripheral
      eosinophilia but not in specific IgG levels. None of the patients tested
      exhibited significant in vitro lymphoproliferative responses to parasite
      antigens. Our results indicated that the possibility of a protective role of IgE
      and eosinophils in strongyloidiasis deserves further investigation. In addition,
      we suggest that the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for specific IgG antibodies
      may have an important place in the diagnosis of strongyloidiasis in
      immunocompetent as well as in immunocompromised patients.

PMID- 3711301
TI  - Cryptosporidium spp., a frequent cause of diarrhea in Liberian children.
AB  - This report presents results from a sample survey designed to investigate the
      possible role of Cryptosporidium spp. in childhood diarrhea in a developing
      country, Liberia, West Africa. During the four months of January to April 1983, a
      house-to-house study was carried out in two geographically and socially different
      communities--an urban slum and three rural villages. Stool samples from 374
      children, aged 6 to 59 months, were tested for Cryptosporidium spp. Among the
      children with diarrhea 8.4% were Cryptosporidium spp. positive compared with a
      prevalence rate of 5.9% in asymptomatic children. Of the children living in a
      household with a Cryptosporidium spp.-positive index child, 8.6% had a positive
      stool sample. Of all children attending a clinic because of diarrhea, 14.6% were
      Cryptosporidium spp. positive. Cryptosporidiosis was more frequent in younger
      children; 24 of the total of 29 positive cases (83%) were below 2.5 years old.
      Actual or previous bottle feeding (formula) was a risk factor, particularly in
      children below 18 months old. Of the bottle-fed children, 28% were
      Cryptosporidium spp. positive versus 9.1% of children never bottle fed. Crowding
      is another possible risk factor. The prevalence of cryptosporidiosis was 13.5% in
      big urban households with more than 10 children, whereas the prevalence in the
      small urban households was 6.1%. Ethnic and religious differences were
      particularly evident in the rural area. No Muslim households had
      cryptosporidiosis, whereas the prevalence in non-Muslim tribes was 9%. The
      general belief that cryptosporidiosis is primarily a zoonosis is questioned in
      this study, partly because many carriers and asymptomatic household contacts were
      found.

PMID- 3711302
TI  - Enterobacter asburiae sp. nov., a new species found in clinical specimens, and
      reassignment of Erwinia dissolvens and Erwinia nimipressuralis to the genus
      Enterobacter as Enterobacter dissolvens comb. nov. and Enterobacter
      nimipressuralis comb. nov.
AB  - Enterobacter asburiae sp. nov. is a new species that was formerly referred to as
      Enteric Group 17 and that consists of 71 strains, 70 of which were isolated from
      humans. Enterobacter asburiae sp. nov. strains gave positive reactions in tests
      for methyl red, citrate utilization (Simmons and Christensen's), urea hydrolysis,
      L-ornithine decarboxylase, growth in KCN, acid and gas production from D-glucose,
      and acid production from L-arabinose, cellobiose, glycerol (negative in 1 to 2
      days, positive in 3 to 7 days), lactose, D-mannitol, alpha-methyl-D-glucoside,
      salicin, D-sorbitol, sucrose, trehalose, and D-xylose. They gave negative
      reactions in the Voges-Proskauer test and in tests for indole, H2S production,
      phenylalanine, L-lysine decarboxylase, motility, gelatin, utilization of
      malonate, lipase, DNase, tyrosine clearing, acid production from adonitol, D
      arabitol, dulcitol, erythritol, i(myo)-inositol, melibiose, and L-rhamnose. They
      gave variable reactions in tests for L-arginine dihydrolase (25% positive after 2
      days) and acid production from raffinose (69% positive after 2 days). Thirty-four
      Enterobacter asburiae sp. nov. strains were tested for DNA relatedness by the
      hydroxyapatite method with 32PO4-labeled DNA from the designated type strain
      (1497-78, ATCC 35953). The strains were 69 to 100% related in 60 degrees C
      reactions and 63 to 100% related in 75 degrees C reactions. Divergence within
      related sequences was 0 to 2.5%. Relatedness of Enterobacter asburiae sp. nov. to
      84 strains of members of the Enterobacteriaceae was 5 to 63%, with closest
      relatedness to strains of Enterobacter cloacae, Erwinia dissolvens, Enterobacter
      taylorae, Enterobacter agglomerans, Erwinia nimipressuralis, and Enterobacter
      gergoviae. All strains tested were susceptible to gentamicin and sulfdiazine, and
      most were susceptible to chloramphenicol, colistin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid,
      carbenicillin and streptomycin. All strains were resistant to ampicillan,
      cephalothin, and penicillin, and most were resistant or moderately resistant to
      tetracycline. Enterobacter asburiae sp. nov strains were isolated from a variety
      of human sources, most prevalent of which were urine (16 strains), respiratory
      sources (15 strains), stools (12 strains), wounds (11 strains), and blood (7
      strains). The clinical significance of Enterobacter aburiae is not known. As a
      result of this and previous studies, proposals are made to transfer Erwinia
      dissolvens and Erwinia nimipressuralis to the genus Enterobacter as Enterobacter
      dissolvens comb. nov. and Enterobacter nimipressuralis comb. nov., respectively.

PMID- 3711304
TI  - Evaluation of a monoclonal antibody test to detect chlamydia in cervical and
      urethral specimens.
AB  - The MicroTrak Chlamydia trachomatis Direct Specimen Test (MT; Syva Co., Palo
      Alto, Calif.) was compared with cell culture in two patient populations. The
      sensitivity of the MT for a low-prevalence group was significantly lower (59.6%)
      than that for a high-prevalence group (84.4%). The results underscored the need
      to run the MT in parallel with culture initially if the prevalence of chlamydial
      infections is unknown and questioned the usefulness of the MT as a screening test
      for chlamydia in low-prevalence populations.

PMID- 3711303
TI  - Paleoepidemiologic investigation of Legionnaires disease at Wadsworth Veterans
      Administration Hospital by using three typing methods for comparison of
      legionellae from clinical and environmental sources.
AB  - Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, monoclonal antibody typing for Legionella
      pneumophila serogroup 1, and plasmid analysis were used to type 89 L. pneumophila
      strains isolated from nosocomial cases of Legionnaires disease at the Veterans
      Administration Wadsworth Medical Center (VAWMC) and from the hospital
      environment. Twelve L. pneumophila clinical isolates, obtained from patients at
      non-VAWMC hospitals, were also typed by the same methods to determine typing
      specificity. Seventy-nine percent of 33 VAWMC L. pneumophila serogroup 1 clinical
      isolates and 70% of 23 environmental isolates were found in only one of the five
      monoclonal subgroups. Similar clustering was found for the other two typing
      methods, with excellent correlation between all methods. Enzyme electrophoretic
      typing divided the isolates into the greatest number of distinct groups,
      resulting in the identification of 10 different L. pneumophila types and 5 types
      not belonging to L. pneumophila, which probably constitute an undescribed
      Legionella species; 7 clinical and 34 environmental VAWMC isolates and 2 non
      VAWMC clinical isolates were found to be members of the new species. Twelve
      different plasmid patterns were found; 95% of VAWMC clinical isolates contained
      plasmids. Major VAWMC epidemic-bacterial types were common in the hospital
      potable-water distribution system and cooling towers. Strains of L. pneumophila
      which persisted after disinfection of contaminated environmental sites were of a
      different type from the prechlorination strains. All three typing methods were
      useful in the epidemiologic analysis of the VAWMC outbreak.

PMID- 3711305
TI  - Involvement of staphylococcal enterotoxins in nonmenstrual toxic shock syndrome.
AB  - Adequate evidence is available to show that the major toxin responsible for toxic
      shock syndrome (TSS) is TSS toxin 1 (TSST-1). More than 90% of the staphylococcal
      strains isolated from TSS patients produce this toxin. However, approximately 60%
      of these strains produce one or more of the staphylococcal enterotoxins, with a
      number of them producing only enterotoxin, primarily enterotoxin B. Of 55
      staphylococcal strains isolated from nonmenstrual cases, 46 produced TSST-1; 42
      produced one of the enterotoxins, including 8 that produced only enterotoxin B.
      The fact that the enterotoxins can produce in monkeys many signs and symptoms
      similar to those observed in TSS in humans implicates them as the cause of some
      cases of TSS.

PMID- 3711306
TI  - Production of "Asao toxin" by Aeromonas strains isolated from feces and drinking
      water.
AB  - Cultures of Aeromonas species were tested for production of a toxin recently
      purified by Asao et al. (T. Asao, Y. Kinoshita, S. Kozaki, T. Uemura, and G.
      Sukaguchi, Infect. Immun. 46:122-127, 1984) and described as a hemolysin with
      enterotoxic and cytotoxic activity. The toxin was produced by only 63% of
      Aeromonas sobria strains and by 93% of Aeromonas hydrophila strains. Also, 54% of
      A. hydrophila strains produced another cytotoxic entity.

PMID- 3711307
TI  - Separation of hemagglutination-inhibiting immunoglobulin M antibody to rubella
      virus in human serum by high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - High-performance liquid chromatography was successfully used to separate
      hemagglutination-inhibiting immunoglobulin M (IgM) rubella virus antibody from
      IgG rubella virus antibody in human serum. The fractionation by high-performance
      liquid chromatography was as effective as sucrose density gradient centrifugation
      in separating IgM antibody from IgG antibody.

PMID- 3711308
TI  - 11th serogroup of Legionella pneumophila isolated from a patient with fatal
      pneumonia.
AB  - A Legionella-like organism (strain 797-PA-H; ATCC 43130) was isolated from a
      specimen taken from an endotracheal tube of a patient 4 days before death and
      from the left lung at autopsy. Growth characteristics were consistent with those
      for Legionella species. Strain 797-PA-H gave negative test results with available
      direct immunofluorescence assay conjugates and with slide agglutination test
      antisera prepared against the 22 Legionella species and 35 serogroups now
      recognized. Minimal reactivity (1 to 2 +) was observed with both tests by using
      reagents prepared against the Legionella-like organism Lansing 3. Reciprocal
      absorption studies, however, showed that the cross-reactive antibodies could be
      removed easily. Physiologic, gas-liquid chromatographic, and DNA hybridization
      tests revealed that the strain belonged to the species Legionella pneumophila.
      Therefore, strain 797-PA-H was designated as the type strain of a new L.
      pneumophila serogroup, serogroup 11.

PMID- 3711309
TI  - Reclassification of Cladosporium bantianum in the genus Xylohypha.
AB  - It is proposed that the dematiaceous hyphomycete Cladosporium bantianum
      (Saccardo) Borelli be transferred to the genus Xylohypha (Fries) Mason as
      Xylohypha bantiana (Saccardo) McGinnis, Padhye, Borelli, et Ajello. This new
      combination is necessary because X. bantiana produces conidiophores that are
      indistinguishable from its vegetative hyphae and one-celled, smooth-walled
      conidia that are borne in long, infrequently branched chains. The blastoconidia
      do not possess darkly pigmented hila. In contrast, members of the genus
      Cladosporium Link produce erect, distinct conidiophores and one- to four-celled
      smooth-to-rough-walled conidia that occur in short, frequently branched, fragile
      chains. The blastoconidia have darkly pigmented hila. Cladosporium trichoides
      Emmons is a later synonym of X. bantiana.

PMID- 3711310
TI  - Freeze-fractured sarcoplasmic reticulum in adult and embryonic fast and slow
      muscles.
AB  - There is evidence to suggest that 8 nm calcium transport particles in the
      sarcoplasmic reticulum are involved in the regulation of twitch properties in
      adult muscles. We have studied ultrastructural characteristics of the
      sarcoplasmic reticulum in relation to previously defined physiological changes
      that take place in the normal course of development. The fast twitch posterior
      latissimus dorsi (PLD) and the slow tonic anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) of the
      chicken were compared using the procedure of freeze-fracture. In the adult PLD,
      the sarcoplasmic reticulum was composed of longitudinal tubules which gave rise
      to fenestrated cisternae at the centre of the H band and to terminal cisternae
      that form triads regularly at each A-I junction. In most of the fibres (85%), 8
      nm intramembrane particles were closely packed in the concave fracture face (P
      face). In the ALD, a tubular network with an open circular pattern extended the
      entire length of the A band and usually throughout the I band as well. Dyads or
      triads, which were infrequent, were often oriented obliquely. The density of
      intramembrane particles was low in the majority of the fibres, but there was a
      significant minority population (30%) in which particle density was relatively
      high. At 10 days in ovo, when speed of contraction in both the ALD and PLD is
      slow, there was a circular configuration of sarcoplasmic reticulum components in
      both muscles, and particle density was low. Surprisingly, at 18 days in ovo, when
      the rate of tension development and relaxation have reached nearly adult values
      in the fast PLD, this muscle, like the ALD, continued to exhibit a circular
      arrangement of sarcoplasmic reticulum tubules. The density of P-face particles,
      although greater than at 10 days, was still low relative to the adult PLD.
      Estimated values for the 18-day PLD were similar to those calculated for the
      adult slow muscle. Our observations, along with those of other investigators,
      suggest that abundant intramembrane particles may be related to the fast twitch
      properties of the adult PLD. However, they indicate that neither the pattern of
      membranes typical of the adult fast muscle nor the high content of calcium
      transport particles is required for the differentiation of fast twitch
      characteristics.

PMID- 3711311
TI  - Implantation of autologous cells in minced and devitalized rat skeletal muscles.
AB  - Triceps surae of 3 week-old female Wistar rats were minced and orthotopically
      autografted. Thirty days later, the regenerates developed a force of 314 +/- 58
      mN during an isometric maximal tetanus and the maximal area of the muscle tissue
      was 3.2 +/- 0.5 mm2 (n = 9) in a cross-section. At 60 days, their mean maximal
      isometric force was increased (1159 +/- 367 mN) as also were their maximal muscle
      cross-section area (6.8 +/- 0.7 mm2;n = 6). If the minces were devitalized by a
      freeze and thaw procedure, the regenerates neither contracted under electrical
      stimulation nor contained any muscle fibre. If devitalized minces were seeded
      with myogenic cells isolated from the contralateral triceps surae, orthotopically
      autografted and allowed to regenerate for 30 days, the regeneration was weak: 46
      +/- 14 mN of force, 1.2 +/- 0.3 mm2 of muscle area in minces devitalized by cold
      (n = 7) and 23 +/- 8 mN of force, 0.2 +/- 0.1 mm2 of muscle area in minces
      devitalized by cold supplemented by heat (n = 8). If viable minces were seeded
      with myogenic cells, there was no improvement in the extent of regeneration: 275
      +/- 83 mN of force, 2.0 +/- 0.6 mm2 of muscle area at 30 days (n = 7) and 738 +/-
      191 mN of force, 5.6 +/- 0.9 mm2 of muscle area at 60 days (n = 5). Consequently,
      although it is possible to induce regeneration by grafting myogenic cells into a
      devitalized mince, this procedure has no effect when applied to a viable mince.

PMID- 3711312
TI  - The reconstruction of myosin filaments in rabbit psoas muscle from solubilized
      myosin.
AB  - Using rabbit psoas muscle strips, A-bands with their myosin-containing thick
      filaments have been substantially reconstructed in situ (as judged by electron
      and light microscopy and by low-angle X-ray diffraction analysis) after prior
      solubilization of the myosin filaments in high ionic strength potassium phosphate
      solution. The maintenance of a very high local concentration of soluble myosin,
      by means of a closely apposed artificial semi-permeable membrane is necessary for
      reconstruction of full-length filaments. This reconstruction effect can be
      totally abolished by pre-glycerolation of the muscle, or (reversibly) by pre
      depletion of Ca2+. Reconstruction at longer sarcomere lengths (greater than 2.6
      micron) is anomalous, part-length 'stub filaments' being formed, with their stub
      tails projecting out from the I-Z-I lattice. A model is proposed to explain this
      reconstruction effect.

PMID- 3711313
TI  - Specific monoclonal antibodies to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).
AB  - Anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) monoclonal antibody has been obtained
      by fusing SP2/O myeloma cells with splenic cells from mice immunized with human
      GFAP. It belongs to the IgG1 class and it recognizes an epitope on GFAP which is
      shared by each fragment of the protein. Immunohistological studies show that the
      epitope characterized is absolutely specific for GFAP.

PMID- 3711314
TI  - Heterogeneity of antibodies directed against the alpha-bungarotoxin binding site
      on human acetylcholine receptor and severity of myasthenia gravis.
AB  - A rapid and sensitive radioimmunological method is described, using decamethonium
      (DC), which revealed antibodies which blocked alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-Bgt)
      binding to human acetylcholine receptor (AChR) in 98% of myasthenia gravis (MG)
      patients' sera tested. These sera had anti-AChR antibody titres by the
      conventional assay. The titre of blocking antibodies (1 to 110 nM) could be
      measured and was found to produce from 1 to 54% inhibition of alpha-Bgt binding.
      No relationship was found between these titres and anti-AChR antibody titres. MG
      sera were divided into 2 major groups on the basis of their blocking effects,
      with and without DC, but there was no correlation between these and the clinical
      status, as defined by Osserman's classification. However, no sera from
      asymptomatic or ocular MG patients had the dual capacities of blocking alpha-Bgt
      binding, directly and in the presence of DC.

PMID- 3711315
TI  - Slipped capital femoral epiphysis: assessment of epiphyseal displacement and
      angulation.
AB  - Nineteen hips with slipped capital femoral epiphysis underwent assessment of the
      severity of epiphyseal displacement on anteroposterior and lateral roentgenograms
      and by computerized tomography. The head-shaft angle, the percentage of maximal
      epiphyseal displacement, and the computed tomographic head-neck angle were
      determined. The head-shaft angle showed great variability when compared with the
      percentage of epiphyseal displacement and with the head-neck angle. The
      percentage of epiphyseal displacement showed less variability when compared with
      the computerized tomographic head-neck angle; however, the range of error was
      still significant. These data suggest that the computerized tomographic
      measurement of degree of slip is more accurate than previously described
      techniques. We believe that the computerized tomographic measurement of head-neck
      angle achieves greater accuracy and therefore reproducibility by virtue of a
      decrease in position dependency. This measurement may be indicated as a
      reproducible standard for assessing slip severity in the horizontal plane.

PMID- 3711316
TI  - Slipped capital femoral epiphysis: an analysis of 80 patients as to pin placement
      and number.
AB  - A retrospective study of 80 patients with chronic slipped capital femoral
      epiphysis was performed, analyzing the clinical results with regard to pin
      placement and pin number. Follow-up averaged greater than 2 years, with 86% of
      the 80 patients obtaining a satisfactory clinical outcome. Serious complications
      occurred in 10 patients. The severity of complications increased as the number of
      pins used increased (p less than 0.07). A varus pin position resulting in a more
      inferior pin placement in the proximal femoral epiphysis was found to be
      associated with the fewest complications. When the pin tip avoided the superior
      and anterior quadrants in the proximal femoral epiphysis and was greater than 2.5
      mm away from subchondral bone, the complication rate was decreased (p less than
      0.003).

PMID- 3711317
TI  - Longitudinal growth of the distal fibula in children with slipped capital femoral
      epiphysis.
AB  - The longitudinal growth rates of the distal fibula were measured, using a
      roentgen stereophotogrammetric method, in 32 children treated for slipped capital
      femoral epiphysis and compared with growth rates in a series of normal children.
      The growth rates in patients were similar to the growth rates in normal children,
      in both boys and girls. However, at the time of slippage, 13 patients had a body
      height exceeding the normal value by greater than 1 SD, indicating an above
      average growth rate before slippage. This pattern was found in one boy whose
      distal fibular growth rates were measured both before and after slippage. In
      conclusion, there are indications that the skeletal growth rate is slightly
      accelerated before slippage and more normal after slippage.

PMID- 3711318
TI  - Biologic osteotomy in Perthes disease.
AB  - This is a study to demonstrate the biologic effect of a proximal femoral
      osteotomy in Perthes disease. Fifty-two hips in 49 patients treated with
      prolonged recumbency in a Robert Jones abduction frame were reviewed. Twenty-six
      of these hips had, in addition, a proximal femoral osteotomy. No significant
      relation between the treatment group and Mose rating (p greater than 0.05),
      epiphyseal quotient (p greater than 0.05), or healing rate (p greater than 0.05)
      was found. In the group of patients with Catterall III and IV disease, there were
      44% good, 29% fair, and 29% poor results. Based on this study, the biologic
      aspect of the osteotomy probably does not influence the radiologic outcome or the
      healing rate in Perthes disease; hence, the beneficial effects of a containment
      osteotomy probably occur as a result of mechanical rather than biologic means.

PMID- 3711319
TI  - Treatment of acquired hip subluxation in cerebral palsy.
AB  - Fifty-seven children with cerebral palsy and subluxated hips underwent soft
      tissue releases to obtain hip reductions. Eight patients in Group I
      (preoperatively mildly subluxated hips) had postoperative bracing, all with good
      results. Twenty-two unbraced patients in Group I had 14 good, 5 fair, and 3 poor
      results. Thirteen patients in Group II (preoperatively severely subluxated hips)
      received postoperative splinting with nine good, one fair, and three poor
      results. The 14 unbraced patients in Group II had one fair and 13 poor results.
      This study indicates that even severely subluxated hips in spastic children less
      than 6 years of age can eventually achieve stable reductions provided long-term
      abduction bracing is used following adequate soft tissue releases.

PMID- 3711320
TI  - Gait kinematics in below-knee child amputees: a force plate analysis.
AB  - A complete gait analysis was performed on six children with below-knee
      amputations to determine the kinematics and kinetics of amputee gait in children.
      A relatively new method of analysis--the inverse dynamic relationship--was used
      to determine the joint moments in the sagittal plane of the joints in the intact
      limb and the remaining portion of the amputated limb. The joint moments in the
      sagittal plane of the intact limb in the child amputee were found to be normal or
      below normal during level walking. From this study, it was concluded that
      providing a child amputee has a good prosthetic fit, there will be no increased
      forces across the joints of the intact or amputated limb and consequently no
      predisposition to premature degenerative arthritis.

PMID- 3711321
TI  - Dislocated patella associated with below-knee amputation in adolescent patients.
AB  - One-third of the adolescent patients followed up in our prosthetic clinic have
      developed patellar dislocation. Four cases are described, and radiographs are
      evaluated for femoral-tibial alignment, patellar height, and tibial length.
      Patella alta was present in each patient. We propose that the forces associated
      with the patellar tendon-bearing prosthesis may produce elongation of the
      patellar tendon in young patients and predispose them to patellar instability.

PMID- 3711322
TI  - T-condylar fractures of the distal humeral condyles during childhood: an analysis
      of six cases.
AB  - Six cases of T-condylar fractures in children less than or equal to 14 years of
      age were reviewed. Satisfactory results were achieved in all cases. Those who
      were approached surgically with a posterior triceps splitting approach seemed to
      have uniformly good results. However, other factors such as accuracy of
      reduction, development of avascular necrosis of the trochlea, and degree of
      initial displacement may have a bearing on the final outcome. The posterior
      approach appeared to provide the best visualization for reduction.

PMID- 3711323
TI  - Both-bone midshaft forearm fractures in children.
AB  - To determine whether closed treatment of both-bone midshaft forearm fractures
      routinely results in acceptable clinical outcome for children less than 16 years
      of age, we retrospectively studied all such patients treated at our two hospitals
      between 1970 and 1982. All children less than 10 years of age at the time of
      fracture had excellent results. Of 14 patients between the ages of 10 and 16
      years, closed treatment failed in nine. We conclude that the incidence of poor
      results from closed treatment of the fractures in children greater than 10 years
      of age is seriously underestimated.

PMID- 3711324
TI  - Gallium scintigraphy for diagnosis of septic arthritis and osteomyelitis in
      children.
AB  - Thirty-four children with presumptive acute osteomyelitis or septic arthritis
      underwent early gallium-67 citrate scintigraphy and have been retrospectively
      reviewed. Diagnostic accuracy using this technique was 91%. Gallium-67 citrate is
      a more reliable radiopharmaceutical agent for the detection of selected acute
      musculoskeletal infections than either technetium methylene diphosphonate or
      indium-111. However, the radiation dosage from gallium is higher than from other
      radiopharmaceutical agents, and the authors would recommend its use only in cases
      where the diagnosis cannot be made on the basis of clinical, laboratory, or plain
      roentgenographic criteria.

PMID- 3711325
TI  - Synovectomy of the knee in hemophilia.
AB  - Synovectomy of the knee in patients with hemophilia presenting in countries with
      demographic characteristics that make central referral difficult is the subject
      of this article. Ten patients, six surgeons, and two countries contributed to
      this study, which demonstrated that approximately 40% of these patients had no
      further hemarthroses into the affected joint and the remainder had reduced
      frequency and severity of bleeding. Continuous passive motion has an important
      place in postoperative management, and manipulation with the patient under
      anesthesia is of doubtful value. The possible relationship between diminished
      range of movement and a successful outcome in terms of abolition of hemorrhage is
      explored. One patient underwent synovectomy of the knee without complication; the
      other nine suffered significant complications.

PMID- 3711326
TI  - Occult subluxation of the subtalar joint in clubfoot (using computerized
      tomography).
AB  - Routine radiographic analysis does not visualize the posterior aspect of the
      hindfoot (posterior facet of the talocalcaneal joint). To help evaluate patients
      with persistent hindfoot abnormalities, computerized tomographic coronal sections
      in 22 clubfeet were studied. Seventeen feet (77.3%) had a lateral subluxation of
      the calcaneus. Of 14 feet with acceptable radiographic analysis, 12 (85.7%) had a
      lateral subluxation of the calcaneus. This study is evidence that a lateral
      subluxation of the calcaneus can exist, through a horizontal rotation, in the
      presence of acceptable radiographic analysis, reinforces the necessity for a
      posteromedial lateral release, and emphasizes that routine radiographic analysis
      should be supplemented with computerized tomography in evaluation of the
      resistant hindfoot deformity.

PMID- 3711327
TI  - Terminal limb congenital malformations: analysis of 523 cases.
AB  - A total of 523 Japanese patients with terminal limb congenital malformations were
      reviewed for the characteristic features, and especially for type correlation
      between hand and foot anomalies. There were 281 cases of hand involvement alone,
      149 cases of foot involvement alone, and 93 cases of combined hand and foot
      involvement. Polydactyly was commonly preaxial in the hand and postaxial in the
      foot, in contrast to the well-known postaxial dominance in the hand among whites.
      Hand anomalies were likely to show the same Swanson type of anomaly as the foot,
      with the affected digital ray likely to be identical in both hand and foot.

PMID- 3711328
TI  - Tomography in a juvenile Tillaux fracture.
AB  - Juvenile Tillaux fractures are Salter-Harris Type III physeal fractures involving
      the lateral weight-bearing surface of the distal tibia. A recent case
      demonstrates the usefulness of tomography as an adjunct to routine radiographs as
      a more accurate means of diagnosing the amount and direction of fracture
      displacement, a critical factor when treatment decisions are made.

PMID- 3711329
TI  - Nonunion of metacarpal extraarticular fractures in children: report of two cases
      and review of the literature.
AB  - Extraarticular metacarpal fractures are common during childhood, and osseous
      healing is the rule. We have treated two patients with delayed and nonunion of
      three metacarpal shafts. One patient sustained closed second and third metacarpal
      fractures, and the other sustained an open second metacarpal fracture. Both
      injuries were crush-type of significant force. Although initial treatment seemed
      appropriate, delayed union was not appreciated. The children were referred for
      cosmetic deformity. One of our patients required open reduction/internal fixation
      with bone grafting, whereas the other was observed. All metacarpal fractures
      healed. Thorough clinical examination, radiographic views, reduction, and proper
      immobilization are factors that may help prevent this previously unreported
      complication in children.

PMID- 3711330
TI  - Synovial hemangioma of the knee.
AB  - Synovial hemangioma is a rare, benign lesion affecting children and young adults.
      The lesion most commonly affects the knee joint. A recurrent history of pain and
      swelling is a characteristic feature. The degree of pain and tenderness can vary
      from mild to excruciating. Doughy consistency of the mass and quadriceps atrophy
      are other features. Total excision should be the object of treatment. A clinical
      diagnosis will be made only if the clinician is aware of the condition.

PMID- 3711331
TI  - Congenital dislocation of the hip with persistent subluxation.

PMID- 3711332
TI  - Meeting highlights. 20th annual meeting, Scoliosis Research Society. Coronado,
      CA, September 17-20, 1985.

PMID- 3711334
TI  - Acute metabolic effects and half-lives of intravenously administered insulinlike
      growth factors I and II in normal and hypophysectomized rats.
AB  - Insulinlike growth factors (IGF) act qualitatively like insulin on insulin target
      tissues in vitro. In the circulation in vivo they are bound to specific carrier
      proteins. In this form or when continuously infused into hypophysectomized
      (hypox) rats they do not exert acute insulinlike effects on glucose homeostasis.
      This study definitively shows that intravenous bolus injections of pure IGF I or
      II act acutely on glucose homeostasis: they lower the blood sugar, enhance the
      disappearance of U-[14C]glucose from serum and increase its incorporation into
      diaphragm glycogen in normal and hypox rats in the presence of antiinsulin serum.
      The same effects were obtained with recombinant human IGF I injected
      intravenously either with or without antiinsulin serum into normal rats. Free
      fatty acid levels decreased transiently only in normal animals. Lipid synthesis
      from glucose in adipose tissue was not stimulated in hypox and barely stimulated
      in normal rats. The half-life of injected IGF I or II in normal rats
      (approximately 4 h) is strikingly different from that in hypophysectomized rats
      (20-30 min) and appears to depend on the growth hormone-induced 150,000-200,000
      mol wt IGF carrier protein that is lacking in hypophysectomized rats. 15 min
      after the bolus serum IGF I and II concentrations were similar to steady state
      levels during long-term infusion in hypox rats. Free IGF was barely detectable,
      however, in the infused animals, whereas 40-100% was found free 15 min after the
      bolus. These observations for the first time confirm the hypothesis that only
      free IGF, but not the IGF carrier protein complex, is bioavailable to insulin
      target tissues.

PMID- 3711333
TI  - Nicotine, cotinine, and anabasine inhibit aromatase in human trophoblast in
      vitro.
AB  - Epidemiologic studies suggest that women who smoke have lower endogenous estrogen
      than nonsmokers. To explore the possible link between cigarette smoking and
      decreased endogenous estrogens, we have examined the effects of constituents of
      tobacco on estrogen production in human choriocarcinoma cells and term placental
      microsomes. In choriocarcinoma cell cultures, nicotine, cotinine (a major
      metabolite of nicotine), and anabasine (a minor component of cigarette tobacco)
      all inhibited androstenedione conversion to estrogen in a dose-dependent fashion.
      Removal of nicotine, cotinine, and anabasine from the culture medium resulted in
      the complete reversal of the inhibition of aromatase. In the choriocarcinoma cell
      cultures, a supraphysiologic concentration of androstenedione (73 microM) in the
      culture medium blocked the inhibition of aromatase caused by nicotine, cotinine,
      and anabasine. In preparations of term placental microsomes, nicotine, cotinine,
      and anabasine inhibited the conversion of testosterone to estrogen. Kinetic
      analysis demonstrated the inhibition to be competitive with respect to the
      substrate. These findings suggest that some nicotinic alkaloids directly inhibit
      aromatase. This mechanism may explain, in part, the decreased estrogen observed
      in women who smoke.

PMID- 3711335
TI  - Effects of pulmonary edema on regional blood volume and red blood cell transit
      time. Comparison of high pressure and oleic acid-induced edema.
AB  - The present study was designed to determine the effects of pulmonary vascular
      pressure, vascular injury, and pulmonary edema on regional blood volume (Vr) and
      regional red blood cell (RBC) transit time (Tr) in the lung. The experiments were
      carried out in 15 dogs. Six served as controls, six had oleic acid-induced
      pulmonary edema (OAPE), and three had high pressure pulmonary edema (HPPE).
      Regional blood flow (Qr) was measured with 99mTc macroaggregates, Vr with 51Cr
      homologous RBC, and regional transit time was calculated (Vr/Qr). The dogs were
      killed, and the lungs removed and sampled completely. Regional extravascular lung
      water (EVLW) was measured in grams per gram of dry lung and ranged from 3.7 +/-
      1.1 in the control group to 6.0 +/- 1.3 in OAPE and 5.6 +/- 0.6 in HPPE. The data
      show that in normal lungs, increased Qr was associated with a recruitment of
      blood volume. In OAPE, data show that regional blood volume was decreased and
      that vascular injury and edema formation interfered with a further increase in Vr
      as Qr increased. In HPPE, Vr has already fully distended and it changed little
      with increased blood flow. We conclude that oleic acid-induced pulmonary injury
      and edema interfere with vascular recruitment and shorten regional RBC transit
      times. HPPE, on the other hand, is associated with normal regional RBC transit
      times because the vessels are fully recruited.

PMID- 3711336
TI  - Effects of anti-C5a antibodies on the adult respiratory distress syndrome in
      septic primates.
AB  - In vitro and in vivo studies have suggested that human complement component C5a
      plays a key role in neutrophil injury in the adult respiratory distress syndrome
      (ARDS). First, using leukocyte aggregometry, we demonstrated that the addition of
      a recently developed rabbit anti-human polyclonal antibody to C5a des arg to
      endotoxin-activated plasma prevented leukocyte aggregation in vitro. We then
      administered the anti-C5a des arg antibody to septic primates (Macaca
      fascicularis). Three groups of primates, control, septic, and anti-C5a antibody
      treated septic, were studied (n = 4 in each group). A 30-min infusion of
      Escherichia coli (1 X 10(10)/kg) resulted in severe sepsis and ARDS. Primates
      were killed 4 h after completion of the E. coli infusion. Septic animals not
      treated with anti-C5a antibody had 75% mortality (3/4), decreased oxygenation,
      severe pulmonary edema, and profound hypotension. Septic primates treated with
      anti-C5a antibodies did not die and did not develop decreased oxygenation (P less
      than 0.05) or increased extravascular lung water (P less than 0.05). They also
      had a marked recovery in their mean arterial blood pressure (P less than 0.05).
      This study demonstrates that treatment with rabbit anti-human C5a des arg
      antibodies attenuates ARDS and some of the systemic manifestations of sepsis in
      nonhuman primates.

PMID- 3711337
TI  - Identification and characterization of specific binding proteins for growth
      hormone in normal human sera.
AB  - The well-recognized "big" forms (45,000-100,000 mol wt) of immunoreactive human
      growth hormone (hGH) in human serum have been reported to be random aggregates or
      formal polymers. However, we have now investigated the possibility that they are
      protein-bound forms. After incubation of monomeric 125I-hGH with normal serum,
      gel chromatography indicated a peak of bound 125I-hGH (at approximately 120,000
      mol wt), which was completely displaced by excess unlabeled hGH. When serum alone
      was chromatographed two peaks of specific binding were subsequently detected, the
      major peak, eluting between 74,000 and 85,000 mol wt corresponded to the 125I-hGH
      binding protein complex observed at approximately 120,000 mol wt. Using a mini
      gel filtration system for separating bound from free hormone, binding of 125I-hGH
      by normal human serum was dependent on time (equilibrium was reached in 2 h at 21
      degrees C), temperature (21 degrees C greater than 37 degrees C), Ca2+ and serum
      concentrations. Binding was reversible and highly specific for hGH, not being
      displayed by GH or prolactins from several species. Scatchard analysis revealed
      linear plots with an affinity (KA) of 0.32 +/- 0.06 X 10(9) M-1 (n = 7). Human
      serum with low endogenous hGH levels, when added to rabbit liver membranes,
      decreased the binding of 125I-hGH in this tissue in a dose-dependent manner.
      These data indicate that human sera contain a specific, high affinity binding
      protein for hGH and that this may account, at least in part, for the known size
      heterogeneity of GH in serum. Its effect on GH binding to target tissues may
      indicate a role for the binding protein in the regulation of GH action.

PMID- 3711338
TI  - Abnormal metabolism of shellfish sterols in a patient with sitosterolemia and
      xanthomatosis.
AB  - Sitosterolemia and xanthomatosis together are a disease characterized by
      premature cardiovascular disease, and by elevated plasma concentrations of total
      sterols and of plant sterols, especially sitosterol which is hyperabsorbed. In
      order to determine whether this abnormal metabolism also involved other sterols,
      a patient with sitosterolemia was fed a diet high in shellfish that contain
      significant quantities of noncholesterol sterols, some of which are less well
      absorbed than cholesterol in humans. Compared with control subjects (n = 8), the
      sitosterolemic subject had an increased absorption of 22-dehydrocholesterol
      (71.5% vs. 43.8 +/- 11.4%, mean +/- SD), C-26 sterol (80.6% vs. 49.3 +/- 11.4%),
      brassicasterol (51.8% vs. 4.8 +/- 4.2%), and 24-methylene cholesterol (60.5% vs.
      16.0 +/- 8.3%). This enhanced absorption was associated with an increased plasma
      total shellfish sterol level (13.1 mg/dl vs. 1.9 +/- 0.7 mg/dl in normals). In
      the sitosterolemic subject, as in normals, the shellfish sterols were not
      preferentially concentrated in any lipoprotein class, and 50-65% of these sterols
      were in the esterified form in plasma. Bile acids and neutral sterols were
      quantitated in bile obtained by duodenal aspiration. The bile acid composition
      did not differ significantly in the sitosterolemic subject compared with the
      normal controls. The sitosterolemic subject, though, was unable to concentrate
      normally the neutral shellfish sterols in bile. The normal controls concentrated
      the shellfish sterols in bile 6.3 +/- 1.7-fold relative to the plasma shellfish
      sterol concentration whereas the study subject was only able to concentrate them
      2.1-fold. We propose that sitosterolemia and xanthomatosis occur from a
      generalized abnormality in the usual ability of the gut mucosa and other tissues
      of the body to discriminate among many different sterols. This has important
      implications for the understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease and for
      therapeutic recommendations.

PMID- 3711339
TI  - Evidence that serum calcium oxalate supersaturation is a consequence of oxalate
      retention in patients with chronic renal failure.
AB  - Serum oxalate rises in uremia because of decreased renal clearance, and crystals
      of calcium oxalate occur in the tissues of uremic patients. Crystal formation
      suggests that either uremic serum is supersaturated with calcium oxalate, or
      local oxalate production or accumulation causes regional supersaturation. To test
      the first alternative, we ultrafiltered uremic serum and measured supersaturation
      with two different methods previously used to study supersaturation in urine.
      First, the relative saturation ratio (RSR), the ratio of the dissolved calcium
      oxalate complex to the thermodynamic calcium oxalate solubility product, was
      estimated for 11 uremic (before and after dialysis) and 4 normal serum samples
      using a computer program. Mean ultrafiltrate oxalate predialysis was 89 +/- 8
      microM/liter (+/- SEM), 31 +/- 4 postdialysis, and 10 +/- 3 in normals. Mean RSR
      was 1.7 +/- 0.1 (predialysis), 0.7 +/- 0.1 (postdialysis), and 0.2 +/- 0.1
      (normal), where values greater than 1 denote supersaturation, less than 1,
      undersaturation. Second, the concentration product ratio (CPR), the ratio of the
      measured calcium oxalate concentration product before to that after incubation of
      the sample with calcium oxalate monohydrate crystal, was measured in seven uremic
      and seven normal serum ultrafiltrates. Mean oxalate was 91 +/- 11 (uremic) and 8
      +/- 3 (normal). Mean CPR was 1.4 +/- 0.2 (uremic) and 0.2 +/- 0.1 (normal).
      Predialysis, 17 of 18 uremic ultrafiltrates were supersaturated with respect to
      calcium oxalate. The degree of supersaturation was correlated with ultrafiltrate
      oxalate (RSR, r = 0.99, r = 29, P less than 0.001; CPR, r = 0.75, n = 11, P less
      than 0.001). A value of ultrafiltrate oxalate of 50 microM/liter separated
      undersaturated from supersaturated samples and occurred at a creatinine of
      approximately 9.0 mg/dl.

PMID- 3711340
TI  - Circulating immune complexes and immunoglobulin A rheumatoid factor in patients
      with mesangial immunoglobulin A nephropathies.
AB  - Circulating immune complexes (CIC) containing IgA and C3 were elevated in 48% of
      IgA nephropathy patients; IgA1 was the predominant subclass. IgA1-IgG CIC were
      detected in 44%, IgA2-IgG CIC in 7%, and IgM-IgA1 CIC in 16% of the patients. No
      IgM-IgA2 CIC were detectable. Sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation indicated that
      IgG-IgA1 CIC were predominantly of intermediate (13-19S) size whereas IgA1-C3 CIC
      sedimented from 11S to 19S. At acid pH, isolated CIC revealed the presence of
      substantial amounts of 7S IgA. One third of the patients had elevated serum IgA
      rheumatoid factor (RF) of both polymeric and monomeric forms despite normal
      levels of IgM-RF; 87% of patients with elevated IgA-RF had IgA1-IgG CIC. These
      results indicate that the IgA1 component of CIC in patients with IgA nephropathy
      is not necessarily of mucosal origin and suggest that a portion of these CIC
      consists of IgA RF immunologically complexed with autologous IgG.

PMID- 3711341
TI  - Uptake of low density lipoproteins by rat tissues. Special emphasis on the
      luteinized ovary.
AB  - The aim of this study was to determine how luteal cells of the hormone-primed
      (luteinized) ovary process low density lipoproteins (LDL). Ovary uptake of
      perfused 125I-LDL was assessed by tissue levels of radioactivity; the
      distribution of LDL protein in cells was assessed on autoradiograms of the fixed
      tissue; and the level of stimulation of steroidogenesis, as well as degradation
      of LDL protein, was assessed on effluent perfusion samples. Human LDL ligand used
      in these studies was rigorously defined biochemically and physiologically.
      Homologous (rat) LDL was used as a special ligand control. Other tissue controls
      included the use of perfused or in vivo-infused luteinized ovaries from animals
      pretreated to reduce circulating lipoprotein levels, perfused ovaries from a
      second hormone-primed model, perfused liver from estrogen-treated rats, and
      isolated and cultured cells from the same ovarian tissues used in the perfusion
      experiments. The results show that perfused LDL promptly stimulates
      steroidogenesis. However, the labeled protein moiety of the LDL is not
      interiorized by the luteal cells, nor is there evidence of LDL protein
      degradation in the effluent samples. In contrast, internalization of the ligand
      occurs when luteal cells are incubated with the ligand in vitro. We have observed
      also that uptake of the 125I-LDL by the ovary can be displaced equally well by
      excess unlabeled LDL or HDL3. Overall, these experiments suggest that in the
      intact luteinized ovary, LDL binds to the same sites on the cell surface where
      HDL "binds," and that LDL cholesterol must be obtained by these steroid hormone
      producing cells by a mechanism that does not require internalization of the
      intact lipoprotein particle.

PMID- 3711342
TI  - Feedback regulation of pancreatic enzyme secretion. Suppression of
      cholecystokinin release by trypsin.
AB  - Feedback regulation of pancreatic enzyme secretion occurs in rats. Whether such a
      system exists in man remains unsettled and the responsible mechanism is unknown.
      To investigate this question gastrointestinal intubation and perfusion were
      performed in 12 healthy subjects. Intraduodenal perfusion of trypsin-inhibited
      phenylalanine-, oleic acid-, and meal-stimulated chymotrypsin and lipase outputs
      in a dose-related manner. The minimal concentration of bovine trypsin needed to
      inhibit pancreatic enzyme secretion was 0.5 g/liter. 1 g/liter caused a maximal
      suppression of 35 +/- 4% of the phenylalanine-stimulated chymotrypsin release.
      This inhibitory effect was protease-specific. Intraduodenal perfusion of
      phenylalanine and oleic acid increased plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) from a basal
      level of 0.9 +/- 0.06 to 5.3 +/- 0.9 pM and 7.2 +/- 1.3 pM, respectively.
      Addition of bovine trypsin to the perfusates significantly reduced the plasma CCK
      level to basal values. This inhibitory effect of trypsin on CCK release was dose
      dependent and specific to proteases. Therefore, the present studies indicate that
      feedback regulation of pancreatic enzyme secretion is operative in man and it is
      mediated by release of CCK.

PMID- 3711343
TI  - Emotion recognition in schizophrenic and depressed inpatients.
AB  - The performance of schizophrenic inpatients (N = 14), depressed inpatients (N =
      15), and normal hospital employees (N = 15), all females, was compared on Izard's
      (1971) test of emotion recognition. Subjects were required to match photographs
      of facial expressions of emotion with the correct label for the emotion. The
      average numbers of errors of four types were examined: Positive or neutral
      emotions mislabelled as other positive or neutral emotions; positive or neutral
      emotions mislabelled as negative; negative emotions mislabelled as positive or
      neutral; and negative emotions mislabelled as other negative emotions. The
      principal findings were (1) the schizophrenics were less accurate than normals,
      but they were not less accurate than the depressives, nor were they less accurate
      on negative than positive or neutral emotions; (2) the depressives did not
      display any form of negative bias in emotion recognition; and (3) both groups of
      inpatients were less accurate than normals when they labelled an emotion as
      positive or neutral, but not when they labelled it as negative. Implications of
      the results for the etiology and maintenance of schizophrenia and depression were
      noted.

PMID- 3711344
TI  - Body image of anorexic, obese, and normal females.
AB  - This study investigated disturbances in body image perception with anorexic,
      obese and control groups (N = 24). Each group was comprised of 8 female subjects
      matched for age. An original silhouette chart and chi squares were employed, and
      a significant difference was found among the groups in the perception of the
      present-self body image (chi 2 (8) = 24.19, p less than .01), body image at plus
      10 pounds (chi 2 (6) = 27.63, p less than .01), and body image at minus 10 pounds
      (chi 2 (8) = 26.05, p less than .01). No differences among the groups appeared in
      perceived ideal-self body image or in their perception of the body image that was
      expected from their families. A directional trend was noted in anorexic
      overestimation and obese underestimation on the total concept of body image.
      Significant differences among the groups as judged via a semantic differential
      technique were found for personality descriptions of happy/sad, active/passive,
      popular/unpopular, effective/ineffective, competent/incompetent, smart/stupid,
      and cold/warm.

PMID- 3711345
TI  - Family interaction patterns and locus of control as predictors of the presence
      and severity of anorexia nervosa.
AB  - Thirty female anorectics (mean age 26.4) and 30 female college student controls
      (mean age 25.3) completed a multidimensional locus of control scale, the
      Structural Family Interaction Scale, The Eating Attitudes Test, and a global
      clinical assessment measure. Three variables associated with Minuchin, Rosman,
      and Baker's (1978) family systems theory (overprotection, enmeshment, and
      rigidity) and one related to Bruch's (1973) theoretical position on anorexia
      nervosa (locus of control) were contrasted in terms of their relative
      effectiveness in predicting both the presence or absence and severity of the
      disorder. The best predictor of both measures in a series of regression and
      discriminant function analyses was locus of control orientation. The anorectics
      were significantly more external than the controls. The two groups did not differ
      on any of the family variables central to Minuchin et al.'s theory. The results
      support Bruch's contention that underlying anorexia nervosa is a sense of
      personal ineffectiveness.

PMID- 3711346
TI  - Parent-child conflict resolved.
AB  - This paper discusses the methods used to settle the emotional debt of love and
      nurturance withheld by the parent and owed to the child. The child, as an adult
      in a therapy setting, is responsible for the resolution of the conflict created
      by the parent-child relationship. The framework for each settlement of the debt
      is basically similar. Patient and therapist are allied together as trusting
      partners so that the patient can experience a close relationship with another
      person--something he or she may have missed with his or her own parents as a
      child. The patient then must divert his or her attention away from the unhappy
      past, thus forgetting it, and concentrate on the positive, fulfilling aspects of
      the present.

PMID- 3711347
TI  - The Nurses Evaluation Rating Scale (NERS).
AB  - The Nurses Evaluation Rating Scale (NERS) consists of 16 items designed to
      capture salient dimensions of psychopathology and nursing care requirements for
      psychiatric patients. Reliability and validity of the NERS were evaluated by
      using a total of 3,052 sets of ratings accomplished by 19 staff nurses on a total
      of 235 adult psychiatric inpatients. All items of the NERS were utilized in
      describing psychopathology in this sample of patients, although no patient was
      positive on all items. Factor analysis revealed four distinct clusters of items,
      which represented higher-order constructs of thinking disturbance, depression,
      anxiety, and psychomotor retardation. Test-retest reliability was found to be
      comparable to the reliability of most other clinical assessments of
      psychopathology. Scoring for the four factors was defined, and analysis of change
      during first 10 days of hospital stay revealed statistically significant
      improvement. The NERS appears to be a promising instrument for longitudinal,
      daily evaluations of inpatient psychopathology as seen in the routine clinical
      practice of psychiatric nurses.

PMID- 3711348
TI  - Differentiation of depressive disorders from generalized anxiety by the Beck
      Depression Inventory.
AB  - The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was administered to 35 outpatients diagnosed
      according to the DSM-III as primary generalized anxiety disorders and 101
      outpatients diagnosed as primary major-depression and dysthymic disorders. A
      backward stepwise-discriminant analysis revealed that Sadness and Loss of Libido
      were the only two symptoms that meaningfully distinguished between the two
      groups. The depressed patients were sadder and complained of more loss of libido
      than did the anxious patients. It was concluded that the BDI is a powerful tool
      for differentiating the depressive from generalized anxiety disorders.

PMID- 3711349
TI  - A cross-cultural study of the factorial dimensions of the NOSIE: a follow-up
      note.
AB  - The factor structure and its invariance of the Nurses' Observation Scale for
      Inpatient evaluation (NOSIE) were investigated in a Dutch psycho-geriatric
      population (N = 247) and compared with those of a short stay psychiatric
      population (N = 177). The previously found factor structure in the psychiatric
      population was replicated in this study and suggests, although not conclusively,
      a cross-cultural difference.

PMID- 3711350
TI  - Major life events and daily hassles in predicting health status: methodological
      inquiry.
AB  - The present study (N = 97) hypothesized that both major life events and daily
      hassles would be associated with anxiety and depressive symptomatology. While the
      results partially supported the hypothesis, the inconsistent findings suggest
      methodological flaws in each life stress measure. These limitations are reviewed,
      and the use of the semi-structured interview is presented as one possible
      refinement.

PMID- 3711351
TI  - Validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory for family practice physicians.
AB  - This study assesses the utility of Maslach's concept of burnout for family
      practice physicians. Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) subscale correlations for
      the 67 residents in this sample are compared with Maslach's normative sample. The
      residents scored in the moderate to high range on the MBI subscales. MBI
      interscale correlations were similar to the pattern reported by Maslach.
      Significant correlations between job satisfaction and five of the six MBI
      subscales suggest that the construct of burnout has considerable psychological
      import for these physicians. The validity of the emotional exhaustion subscale is
      demonstrated by significant correlations with self-assessed burnout, job
      satisfaction, and faculty assessments of resident burnout. Independent observers
      were most sensitive to residents' emotional exhaustion and less likely to assess
      accurately the less visible aspects of burnout related to depersonalization and
      lack of achievement, which suggests the usefulness of multiple measures for
      assessing the burnout phenomenon.

PMID- 3711352
TI  - The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) as a treatment outcome measure
      for psychiatric inpatients.
AB  - The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) is a 175-item inventory designed
      to assess both clinical symptomatology and underlying, more enduring personality
      traits and syndromes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the MCMI
      personality scales evidenced greater stability over time than did the MCMI
      symptom scales. The MCMI was administered to 151 consecutively admitted
      inpatients at an acute care, private psychiatric hospital. Patients were
      administered the MCMI shortly after admission and shortly before discharge.
      Results indicated that the personality scales evidenced greater stability than
      the symptomatology scales, although statistically significant changes between
      admission and discharge scores also occurred for the personality scales.
      Implications are discussed.

PMID- 3711353
TI  - Neuropsychological deficits in active licensed professional boxers.
AB  - Young, active, licensed professional boxers (N = 19) were found to display a
      pattern of neuropsychological deficits consistent with the more severe punch
      drunk syndrome of years past. These deficits resulted in significantly lower test
      performance than that of control athletes (N = 10) matched for race, age, and
      level of education. Tests that showed significant differences between groups
      include subtests of the Quick Neurological Screening Test, subtests of the
      Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery, and the Randt Memory Test.
      Fifteen of the 19 boxers scored in the impaired range of the Reitan Impairment
      Index, as compared to 2 of the 10 controls.

PMID- 3711354
TI  - Psychosocial functioning of adult epileptic and MS patients and adult normal
      controls on the WPSI.
AB  - The psychosocial functioning of adult epileptic outpatients (N = 68) as assessed
      by the Washington Psychosocial Seizure Inventory (WPSI) was compared to that of
      control groups of adult MS outpatients (N = 37) and normal subjects (N = 42).
      When all WPSI profiles were considered, the epilepsy group showed distinct
      difficulties in Emotional Adjustment and Adjustment to Seizures, whereas the MS
      group had difficulties only in Emotional Adjustment. However, the MS group had
      significantly higher Lie Scale scores than did normal subjects. The epilepsy
      group had significantly more emotional problems than normal subjects and
      significantly more problems adjusting to their disorder than did the MS group.
      However, when only valid WPSI profiles were considered, the only significant
      finding was that the epilepsy group (N = 44) and the MS group (N = 20) had more
      emotional problems than normal subjects (N = 35). The epilepsy group showed
      distinct difficulties in Emotional Adjustment and Adjustment to Seizures, whereas
      the MS group had difficulties in Emotional Adjustment, Interpersonal Adjustment,
      and Overall Psychosocial Functioning. Implications are discussed.

PMID- 3711355
TI  - Stability of WISC-R scores in a juvenile forensic sample.
AB  - The temporal stability of WISC-R IQ Scale and subtest scores was examined in a
      Juvenile Court sample comprised primarily of neglected youth (N = 36). Stability
      coefficients were calculated for an average test-retest span of more than 2
      years. WISC-R IQ Scale subtest scores were found to be stable to a degree
      comparable with WISC-R standardization data despite the considerably longer test
      retest interval. Stability coefficients were .88 for Verbal IQ, .86 for
      Performance IQ, and .93 for Full Scale IQ. Subtest stability coefficients range
      from .49 to .82; many coefficients are equal to or greater than .70. No practice
      effects were apparent.

PMID- 3711356
TI  - Semantic and visual memory after alcohol abuse.
AB  - This study compared the relative performance of 40 patients (M age = 31.7) with a
      history of alcohol abuse on tasks of short-term semantic and visual memory.
      Performance on the visual memory tasks was impaired significantly relative to the
      semantic memory task in a within-subjects analysis of variance. Semantic memory
      was unimpaired. This result is consistent with previous results obtained on tests
      of intelligence despite the added requirement of encoding, storing, and
      retrieving data inherent in the memory tasks. This result provides support for
      the contention that visuospatial and visuomotor skills evince primary residual
      impairment secondary to the abuse of alcohol. The significance of this result, in
      light of previous research, is discussed.

PMID- 3711357
TI  - Men, women, and religion: stress within leadership roles.
AB  - Stress in religious leaders was investigated by administering to 250 priests,
      ministers, seminarians, nuns, and brothers the specially devised Religion and
      Stress Questionnaire and the Osipow and Spokane Occupational Environment Scales,
      Personal Strain Questionnaire, and Personal Resources Questionnaire. In-depth
      interviews were also conducted with 10% of the subjects. Religious leaders
      experienced lower overall occupational stress and personal strain and evidenced
      more personal resources than did the normative population. ANOVAs showed
      ministers to have the highest overall occupational environment stress and
      vocational strain and next to the lowest scores in overall personal resources of
      the five groups of religious professionals. In terms of sensitivity to the stress
      that women in seminary and ministry experience, male and female seminarians and
      ministers were most aware of these issues, with priests (males only), nuns, and
      then brothers (in descending order) sensitive to these concerns.

PMID- 3711358
TI  - The stability and blanching efficiency of some Betnelan-V cream dilutions.
AB  - In this study Betnelan-V cream was diluted with Beeler's basis and Cold cream.
      Cold Cream reduced the skin-blanching activity of the original cream more than
      Beeler's base. The stability of betamethasone-17-valerate was better in a
      Beeler's basis dilution than in a Cold cream dilution.

PMID- 3711359
TI  - An audit of nifedipine in a hypertension clinic.
AB  - The results of treating 235 hypertensive patients who had been prescribed
      nifedipine in a hypertension clinic were examined for factors affecting blood
      pressure response and the frequency of side-effects. Pretreatment systolic and
      diastolic blood pressure correlated significantly with the decrease in blood
      pressure but this effect was lost following statistical correction. No relation
      was found between response and age or race nor did any biochemical or
      haematological parameter predict the antihypertensive effect. Fifty-nine (25%)
      patients complained of side-effects which were dose related; the drug had to be
      discontinued in 30 patients (13%) but the remaining 29 continued at the same or
      reduced dosage. Small, but statistically significant, elevations were seen in
      serum albumin, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin as well as a rise in average
      blood glucose levels. Although side-effects are fairly common nifedipine is an
      effective antihypertensive drug when given alone or in combination with other
      therapies.

PMID- 3711360
TI  - Quantification of ethylene chlorohydrin and ethylene glycol as potential reaction
      products in gas-sterilized medical-grade plastics.
AB  - A gas chromatographic procedure is described for the quantitative determinations
      of ethylene chlorohydrin and ethylene glycol in disposable medical-grade
      plastics. Both components are isolated by solvent extraction. The lower limit of
      detection is 1 p.p.m. of ethylene chlorohydrin and 2 p.p.m. of ethylene glycol.
      Propylene glycol is used as an internal standard. Ethylene oxide residues have to
      be removed prior to the assay.

PMID- 3711361
TI  - A survey of drug and therapeutics committees operating in Ireland.
AB  - A survey of the number and characteristics of Drug and Therapeutics Committees
      (DTCs) operating in hospitals in Ireland was conducted in 1984. Just under half
      of the hospitals surveyed had a DTC and half of those had been formed after 1981.
      Pharmacists and consultant medical staff were present on every DTC and the latter
      also chaired most DTCs. Formularies or limited lists had been drawn up by half
      the DTCs identified and the most frequently discussed topics at DTC meetings were
      concerned with expenditure control. These findings are discussed and compared
      with the experience of DTC formation and operation in other countries.

PMID- 3711362
TI  - Nomifensine--a farewell and future concerns.

PMID- 3711363
TI  - Plasma haloperidol levels drawn at neuroleptic threshold doses: a pilot study.
AB  - The daily haloperidol doses of 33 newly admitted, acutely psychotic schizophrenic
      patients were rapidly adjusted to a point at which slight hypokinesia-rigidity
      first appeared on clinical examination (the neuroleptic threshold). The mean
      daily haloperidol dose at which the neuroleptic threshold was crossed was 4.2 +/-
      2.4 mg/day. The plasma haloperidol levels obtained at these neuroleptic threshold
      doses clustered around a mean of 4.9 +/- 2.9 ng/ml. This plasma haloperidol level
      distribution extensively overlaps the proposed lower boundaries for the
      therapeutically effective range of plasma haloperidol levels, but it is below the
      range in which coarse extrapyramidal side effects appear in high frequency
      (greater than 10 ng/ml). Sixty-seven percent of our patients demonstrated
      moderate or greater therapeutic improvement within 3 weeks of treatment at
      neuroleptic threshold doses, a therapeutic efficacy rate identical to that
      expected with standard neuroleptic doses. The authors propose that the
      neuroleptic threshold is a readily available clinical marker which identifies a
      range of plasma haloperidol levels capable of producing therapeutic response with
      minimal associated coarse extrapyramidal side effects.

PMID- 3711364
TI  - Effects of antidepressant medication on sexual function: a controlled study.
AB  - There has been little systematic study of the types of sexual dysfunction
      produced by antidepressant medication or of the frequency with which this type of
      adverse effect occurs. The authors report results of a double-blind study in
      which the effects of imipramine, phenelzine, and placebo on specific aspects of
      sexual function were assessed in depressed outpatients before and after 6 weeks
      of treatment. Both active treatments were associated with a high incidence of
      adverse changes in sexual function and produced significantly more adverse
      effects on sexual function than placebo. Orgasm and ejaculation were impaired to
      a greater extent than erection. Adverse sexual function changes secondary to
      antidepressant medication occurred frequently in both men and women, although men
      reported a higher incidence. Antidepressant-related sexual dysfunction may be of
      clinical importance for medication compliance in view of current recommendations
      that antidepressants be administered for longer periods as maintenance therapy or
      for prophylaxis.

PMID- 3711365
TI  - Lithium interaction with sulindac and naproxen.
AB  - The interaction of lithium with sulindac and naproxen was studied in six sulindac
      treated and seven naproxen-treated patients admitted to a geropsychiatry ward.
      Patients under a steady state lithium level received lithium for 3 days, then
      lithium + sulindac (300 mg/day) or naproxen (750 mg/day) for 6 days, and then
      lithium alone for 5 days. Sulindac failed to affect serum lithium levels and
      lithium clearance. The results with naproxen showed marked interindividual
      variations ranging from no increase to a 41.9% increase in serum lithium levels
      within 5 days. There was a corresponding decrease in lithium clearance in
      naproxen-treated patients. Patients undergoing lithium therapy might need a
      reduction of their lithium dosage following naproxen administration. More
      frequent serum lithium level determinations are required following initiation of
      naproxen therapy until the magnitude of the lithium-naproxen drug interaction can
      be adequately assessed in a given individual.

PMID- 3711366
TI  - Rapid antidepressant effect of addition of lithium to tranylcypromine.
AB  - A chronically depressed patient who had not responded to treatment with several
      tricyclic antidepressants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors alone, responded
      within hours following the addition of lithium to ongoing tranylcypromine
      treatment in a double-blind medication trial. The findings are discussed in the
      context of reports of lithium augmentation of other antidepressants.

PMID- 3711367
TI  - Bipolar disorder: are there manic-prone and depressive-prone forms?
AB  - Descriptive studies from the prelithium era and lithium prophylactic studies were
      reviewed to look for evidence that there are manic-prone and depressive-prone
      subtypes of bipolar illness. The manic-prone subtype has a high ratio of manic to
      depressive episodes, and a depressive-prone subtype has the reverse. Although
      data from the prelithium era are suggestive, the evidence is insufficient to
      accept or reject the relevance of this hypothesis. Data from the lithium era
      suggest that there is a relationship between the type of index episode and future
      episode on placebo as well as drug. The clinical and heuristic implications of
      the relationship of index to subsequent episode and manic proneness and
      depressive proneness are discussed. Its relevance for planning prophylactic drug
      studies is also examined. The suggestive evidence presented here will hopefully
      encourage other investigators to collect the data necessary to test the
      possibility that manic-prone and depressive-prone subtypes of bipolar illness
      exist.

PMID- 3711368
TI  - Pretreatment orthostatic hypotension as a predictor of response to nortriptyline
      in geriatric depression.
AB  - The consequences of orthostatic hypotension, a serious and common problem among
      the elderly, are falls, transient ischemic attacks, strokes, and myocardial
      infarctions. Depressed elderly taking tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are at
      increased risk, and the pretreatment presence of orthostatic hypotension is
      considered a relative contraindication to TCA treatment. Recently, it was
      reported that the presence of pretreatment orthostatic hypotension in geriatric
      outpatients with unipolar depression predicted good clinical response to
      imipramine or doxepin. We investigated the predictive value of pretreatment
      systolic orthostatic pressure changes (PSOP) in unipolar depressed elderly
      outpatients (mean age, 64) who were to receive a 16-week course of nortriptyline
      or interpersonal psychotherapy. Overall, PSOP was significantly correlated with
      improvement on both the Beck Depression Inventory and the Hamilton Depression
      Rating Scale. Although both groups responded equally to treatment, PSOP was more
      strongly correlated with improvement on the Beck Depression Inventory (r = 0.74,
      p less than 0.01) in the nortriptyline-treated group than in the group treated
      with interpersonal therapy (r = 0.31, not significant). The nortriptyline-treated
      subjects with a PSOP of greater than or equal to 10 mm Hg had a greater
      improvement than those with a PSOP of less than 10 mm HG (t = -2.36, p less than
      0.05). No episodes of symptomatic orthostatic hypotension occurred in the
      nortriptyline-treated subjects. The results suggest that orthostatic hypotension,
      a relative contraindication to TCA use, may potentially identify patients more
      likely to respond to TCAs.

PMID- 3711369
TI  - Disulfiram and bipolar affective disorder: a case report.
AB  - The authors describe a case of bipolar affective disorder associated with
      disulfiram therapy and its interaction with ethanol. They recommend caution when
      prescribing disulfiram for patients with personal and familial antecedents of
      affective illness.

PMID- 3711370
TI  - View from the Nation's Capital.

PMID- 3711371
TI  - Clonazepam withdrawal psychosis.

PMID- 3711372
TI  - L-dopa induced "serotonin syndrome" in a parkinsonian patient on bromocriptine.

PMID- 3711373
TI  - Myalgia with the new generation antidepressants.

PMID- 3711374
TI  - Central projections of the ethmoidal nerve of the cat as determined by the
      horseradish peroxidase tracer technique.
AB  - The ethmoidal nerve innervates the nasal mucosa and constitutes the afferent limb
      of several upper airway protective reflexes. Protective reflexes, such as
      sneezing, coughing, and apnea, are those reflexes that either expel foreign
      substances from the respiratory tract or stop them from gaining access to the
      lungs. The afferents for nasal receptors are thought to be a part of the
      trigeminal system rather than olfactory in nature. The objective of this study
      was to localize the cell bodies of these ethmoidal afferents and to trace the
      central projections of these neurons. Horseradish peroxidase was applied to the
      ethmoidal nerve in 11 adult cats. Following a survival period of 48-72 hours, the
      animals were killed and the tissue was processed according to the
      tetramethylbenzidine method. Reaction product was localized in cell bodies within
      the trigeminal ganglion, concentrated caudal to the entrance of the ophthalmic
      trunk of the trigeminal nerve. Transganglionic projections to the spinal
      trigeminal nucleus were localized primarily in the subnucleus interpolaris and in
      layers I and II of the subnucleus caudalis. There was also reaction product in
      cell bodies within the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus. These results are in
      keeping with projections of other ophthalmic division receptor afferents, such as
      the cornea and the supraorbital nerve.

PMID- 3711375
TI  - The visual system of the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). I. Retinal
      ganglion cell morphology.
AB  - Horseradish peroxidase was applied to lesions in the optic nerve of catfish
      (Ictalurus punctatus). The retinae were processed to reveal HRP-labelled ganglion
      cells. The histochemical techniques employed allowed fine details of the
      dendritic arbor to be resolved. Flat-mounted retinae were examined and the
      following characteristics were noted in individual ganglion cells: Soma area,
      shape, and depth; number and diameter of major dendrites; shape, area, and
      depth(s) within the inner plexiform layer (ipl) of the dendritic arbor; origin of
      the axon (from the soma or a dendrite). On the basis of these characteristics,
      eleven classes of ganglion cells were delineated: four classes of giant cells (G1
      G4) and seven classes of smaller cells (S1-S7). G1 cells had dendrites arborizing
      in the most distal sublamina of the ipl. G1 cells in the dorsal retina had
      nasotemporally elongated dendritic arbors. G2 cells had dendrites in the proximal
      portion of the ipl. G3 cells were almost completely confined to a band running
      between the nasal and temporal retinal poles, through the center of the retina.
      In this location, the cells had dorsoventrally elongated dendritic arbors, which
      were bistratified in the ipl. G4 cells were displaced into the inner nuclear
      layer. S1 and S4 cells had axons arising from their somata, and dendrites
      arborizing in the distal and the proximal ipl, respectively. S2 cells were
      typified by their unstratified dendritic arbors. Similarly, S3 cells were
      characterised by their bistratified arbors. S5 cells arborized in the most
      proximal ipl sublamina. S6 cells were small ganglion cells with their somata
      lying in the inner nuclear layer. S7 cells tended to have complex dendritic
      arbors, and their axons arose from dendrites.

PMID- 3711376
TI  - Erythema induratum of Bazin.
AB  - Erythema induratum of Bazin is a rare entity, the cause and treatment of which
      are topics of continuing controversy. This report documents the cases of two
      patients with ulcerating leg nodules. One patient had concurrent active pulmonary
      tuberculosis, and the other had a history of previous treatment for pulmonary
      tuberculosis. The treatment regimen for these patients is outlined. First
      described by Bazin, the rare entity of erythema induratum was thought to be of
      tuberculous origin or a tuberculid reaction. Opinion has varied, and some authors
      have classified this condition as a vasculitis involving subcutaneous vessels.
      Because of the rarity of this disorder and the controversy surrounding its cause
      and pathogenesis, we share our experience with two patients whose clinical and
      pathologic findings were consistent with the diagnostic criteria for erythema
      induratum and in whom there was a recent or remote history of tuberculosis.

PMID- 3711377
TI  - Contribution of topical tar oil to ultraviolet B phototherapy for psoriasis.
AB  - A bilateral comparison study of twenty-two outpatients with psoriasis assessed
      clearing experience and remission time on halves of the body to which tar oil and
      oil vehicle (an emollient) were applied twice daily. In addition, both sides were
      treated three times a week with suberythemogenic doses of ultraviolet B
      radiation. Of the eighteen patients who complied with the protocol, fourteen
      (78%) had clearing. There was no significant difference between body halves with
      regard to the number of treatments to clearing, the dose of ultraviolet B to
      clearing, or the remission time (p greater than 0.2, all comparisons). Our data
      indicate with 95% confidence that using tar oil in conjunction with ultraviolet B
      phototherapy reduces the average total ultraviolet B dose required for clearing
      by a maximum of 9%, in comparison with using oil vehicle and ultraviolet B. These
      findings suggest that there is insufficient evidence for substantial clinical
      benefit to recommend tar oil use in conjunction with outpatient ultraviolet B
      phototherapy for psoriasis.

PMID- 3711378
TI  - Polymorphous light eruption: action spectrum and photoprotection.
AB  - Polymorphous light eruption is a common seasonal photodermatosis with a typical
      history and clinical picture. In the interval, when no lesions are present, the
      diagnosis relies on artificial reproduction of polymorphous light eruption by
      phototesting. Photochemotherapy (psoralens with ultraviolet A [PUVA]) is
      currently an effective preventive treatment. One hundred sixty-seven patients
      with either a history of polymorphous light eruption or manifest disease entered
      our study. Of 142 patients tested, 49% developed typical lesions of polymorphous
      light eruption at the test sites. In 56% the action spectrum was found to be in
      the ultraviolet A range, in 17% in the ultraviolet B range, and in 26% in both
      ranges. A total of 122 patients received preventive treatment with PUVA. Of
      these, fifty-one returned for follow-up. Of the patients who were followed up,
      64% reported total protection during outdoor activities in the summer, 26%
      reported partial protection, and 10% were not protected. Failure to improve was
      unrelated to the action spectrum. The action spectrum and the incidence of
      positive results on phototests in our patient population differed from those
      reported by others. It is possible that differences in the test protocols and in
      the light sources used may account for this discrepancy. There is clearly a need
      for a standardized test procedure. However, the majority of patients benefit from
      PUVA pretreatment regardless of their action spectrum.

PMID- 3711379
TI  - PUVA therapy for psoriasis: comparison of oral and bath-water delivery of 8
      methoxypsoralen.
AB  - A direct clinical comparison has been made of the efficacy of oral 8
      methoxypsoralen with bath-water delivery of 8-methoxypsoralen during psoralen
      ultraviolet A (PUVA) phototherapy for a group of forty patients with stable
      plaque-type psoriasis vulgaris. The 8-methoxypsoralen concentration was 3.7
      mg/liter in the bath water. The efficacy of these treatments was assessed by
      their ability to improve or clear the psoriasis. The skin of eight of the twenty
      patients with oral psoralen cleared, and another eight showed good improvement.
      Of the twenty patients who received 8-methoxypsoralen in bath water, eight
      patients had clearing of the skin, whereas nine patients had good improvement
      during the initial 8-week treatment period. Administration of 8-methoxypsoralen
      in bath water required much lower ultraviolet A irradiance to achieve maximum
      improvement. There were no systemic side effects in the patients treated by bath
      water delivery; however, some patients did develop phototoxic erythema. Minimal
      phototoxic doses were also studied in patients and in volunteers using both
      routes of psoralen delivery. The minimal phototoxic dose threshold after psoralen
      bath delivery gradually declined over five treatments from 5.3 +/- 0.6 joules/cm2
      to 2.8 +/- 0.3 joules/cm2, suggesting an accumulation of psoralen in the skin
      with this method of drug delivery. Bath-water delivery of 8-methoxypsoralen was
      therefore found to be as effective as oral administration of 8-methoxypsoralen
      and yet required smaller amounts of ultraviolet A radiation and yielded fewer
      side effects. It would thus seem to be confirmed as a useful alternative means of
      8-methoxypsoralen administration in PUVA therapy.

PMID- 3711380
TI  - Granuloma annulare arising in herpes zoster scars. Report of two cases and review
      of the literature.
AB  - We present two patients who developed granuloma annulare in the scars from
      previous herpes zoster. The development of granuloma annulare in herpes zoster
      scars may represent an atypical delayed hypersensitivity immune reaction to
      herpes zoster/varicella virus antigen(s) or a tissue antigen altered by the
      virus.

PMID- 3711382
TI  - Bowel-associated dermatosis-arthritis syndrome: bowel bypass syndrome without
      bowel bypass.
AB  - The bowel bypass syndrome is a well-recognized complication in patients who have
      had jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity. It consists of an influenza-like
      illness with increased temperature, chills, polyarthralgia, myalgia, and
      inflammatory papules and pustules that are 2 to 4 mm in diameter and that usually
      appear on the extremities and the upper part of the trunk. A patient is reported
      who had an identical bowel-associated dermatosis-arthritis syndrome but who had
      not undergone a jejunoileal bypass operation. Seven previously reported similar
      cases are reviewed.

PMID- 3711381
TI  - Large keratoacanthomas in difficult locations treated with intralesional 5
      fluorouracil.
AB  - Keratoacanthoma is a benign tumor; however, it may cause massive destruction of
      normal tissue during its rapid growth phase. Intralesional 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)
      has been shown to be an effective treatment for keratoacanthoma. We have
      successfully treated five patients with large keratoacanthomas in difficult
      locations. There have been no recurrences during follow-up periods ranging from
      18 to 45 months. Intralesional 5-FU may be ineffective for keratoacanthomas that
      are not rapidly proliferating.

PMID- 3711383
TI  - Acral purpura: an unusual sign of coumarin necrosis.
AB  - Coumarin necrosis, a rare complication of coumarin anticoagulation, typically
      presents with well-defined purpuric patches that progress to bullae formation and
      necrosis. The vast majority of those affected are women, and most commonly
      affected sites are the breasts, buttocks, thighs, and abdomen. We present a male
      patient who manifested a unique reticulated purpura that progressed to bullae
      formation on the toes of one foot in addition to more classic lesions on the
      thigh and calf.

PMID- 3711384
TI  - Longitudinal nail biopsy in evaluation of acquired nail dystrophies.
AB  - We reviewed longitudinal nail biopsies performed at Henry Ford Hospital on
      patients with acquired nail dystrophies to see whether the procedure did, indeed,
      provide useful diagnostic information and to see which microscopic features were
      most helpful in histopathologic diagnosis. Clinical diagnoses included psoriasis,
      lichen planus, Darier's disease, isolated longitudinal defects, and diffuse
      thickening. We found that clinical diagnosis could be supported by
      histopathologic findings in eight of twenty cases of acquired nail dystrophy.
      Specifically, we were able to make a diagnosis of psoriasis in four cases, lichen
      planus in three cases, and Darier's disease in one case. The other twelve cases
      showed nonspecific eczematous changes. We conclude that the longitudinal nail
      biopsy may be a useful diagnostic tool in certain cases of acquired nail
      dystrophy.

PMID- 3711385
TI  - Papulonecrotic tuberculid: a neglected disease in Western countries.
AB  - Papulonecrotic tuberculid was diagnosed in twelve young patients demonstrating
      symmetric scattered papulopustular necrotic lesions of the extremities. The
      diagnosis was supported by a strongly positive Mantoux reaction in all cases,
      evidence of preexisting or past tuberculosis in eight patients, characteristic
      histologic findings, and a prompt resolution with antituberculosis therapy.
      Recurrence of the skin lesions in three patients treated only with isoniazid or
      with para-aminosalicylic acid and isoniazid indicates the necessity for
      combination treatment with several antituberculosis drugs. A detailed study of
      twenty biopsies indicates that the primary lesion is a subacute lymphohistiocytic
      vasculitis that causes thrombosis and destruction of small dermal vessels. These
      changes lead to an infarctlike lesion with coagulation necrosis of dermal tissue.
      In eleven instances a well-marked palisaded histiocytic reaction was seen around
      necrotic areas, calling into question the differential diagnosis of granuloma
      annulare or Churg-Strauss granulomatosis.

PMID- 3711386
TI  - Hormone-containing cosmetic preparations.

PMID- 3711387
TI  - Xanthomas and hyperlipidemias.

PMID- 3711388
TI  - Evaluation of cytodiagnosis of cutaneous basal cell carcinoma.

PMID- 3711389
TI  - Squaric acid esters in the treatment of alopecia areata.

PMID- 3711390
TI  - Sulfur granules in lymphocutaneous nocardiosis.

PMID- 3711391
TI  - Is genital molluscum contagiosum a cutaneous manifestation of sexual abuse in
      children?

PMID- 3711392
TI  - Evaluation technics for male pattern baldness.

PMID- 3711393
TI  - Nifedipine treatment of idiopathic atrophie blanche.

PMID- 3711394
TI  - The influence of time and the reexcision of malignant melanoma.

PMID- 3711395
TI  - Ring burn--an unusual electric burn.

PMID- 3711396
TI  - Importance of complete cutaneous examination for the detection of malignant
      melanoma.
AB  - With the rate of melanoma increasing 1,000% in the past 50 years, the early
      detection of the disease is becoming more important. Data from 2,239 persons seen
      at the Manhattan Melanoma/Skin Cancer Detection Screening Program were analyzed
      to determine if a complete cutaneous examination would significantly increase the
      chance of detecting melanoma. Thirteen of the fourteen melanomas detected were on
      anatomic sites normally covered by clothing. Patients having complete skin
      examinations were 6.4 times more likely to have a melanoma detected than those
      having partial examinations (p = 0.025). These findings reinforce the importance
      of complete skin examination for the early detection of malignant melanoma.

PMID- 3711397
TI  - Psoriasis with pustules and actinic reticuloid.
AB  - We describe a patient whose clinical and histopathologic findings were originally
      interpreted as representative of actinic reticuloid but who later developed
      psoriasis with pustules. We propose that the original photosensitive eruption
      could have represented an unusual presentation of photosensitive psoriasis,
      although koebnerization of psoriasis into areas of photosensitivity remains a
      definite possibility.

PMID- 3711398
TI  - Superficial epithelioid sarcoma: a clinical and histologic stimulant of benign
      cutaneous disease.
AB  - Epithelioid sarcoma, a distinctive clinicopathologic entity, typically arises in
      the deep soft tissues of the upper and lower extremities. Infrequently the tumor
      originates in the subcutis or dermis, whereby it may be confused both clinically
      and microscopically with a granulomatous or benign ulcerative process. A case of
      superficial epithelioid sarcoma, initially diagnosed as an atypical mycobacterial
      infection, is presented, and its histologic distinction from granulomatous and
      benign fibrohistiocytic lesions is discussed.

PMID- 3711399
TI  - Becker's nevus and an accessory scrotum. A unique occurrence.
AB  - A case of Becker's nevus occurring in association with an accessory scrotum is
      described. Recent studies have shown the presence of androgen receptors in
      Becker's nevus in concentrations comparable to those in genital skin. We
      postulate that the simultaneous occurrence of both these developmental anomalies
      was manifested because of androgen sensitivity and stimulation.

PMID- 3711400
TI  - Increased muscle tone during etretinate therapy.
AB  - A 40-year-old man with severe psoriasis developed painless muscle stiffness
      coinciding with four successive courses of etretinate therapy. Peripheral nerve
      block extinguished the increased muscle tone. Our patient's symptoms resembled
      those of the stiff-man syndrome. Increased muscle tone is a potential side effect
      of etretinate treatment and must be distinguished from the common musculoskeletal
      symptoms observed in patients taking retinoid therapy.

PMID- 3711401
TI  - Infantile choriocarcinoma with cutaneous tumors. An additional case and review of
      the literature.
AB  - Choriocarcinoma is a malignant growth of trophoblastic cells characterized by the
      secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin. Primary choriocarcinoma arising in the
      placenta during a seemingly normal gestation is rare. Very few choriocarcinomas
      occurring simultaneously in mother and child have been reported so far. We
      describe an additional case of placental choriocarcinoma metastasizing to the
      newborn and showing many different cutaneous tumors. The primary tumor was found
      in the placenta. In the newborn, diagnosis was performed by skin biopsy only a
      few days after birth (by optic and electron microscopy). Immunohistochemical
      localization of human chorionic gonadotropin was performed by the
      immunoperoxidase technic with the use of monoclonal antibodies. This report
      describes an additional case and summarizes previously reported cases of
      placental choriocarcinoma metastasizing to the infant, as well as cases of skin
      metastases from malignant gestational trophoblastic disease.

PMID- 3711402
TI  - Linear and dermatomal trichoepitheliomas.
AB  - A 10-year-old black girl presented with multiple trichoepitheliomas. They
      appeared at an early age and were grouped on her neck. Later they also involved
      her face, trunk, and lower extremity in a dermatomal distribution. The lower
      extremity showed a narrow linear band extending from the ankle to the upper
      portion of the thigh. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of
      linear and dermatomal trichoepitheliomas. We therefore present this case and
      review the literature.

PMID- 3711403
TI  - Verrucous carcinoma of the back.
AB  - A case of verrucous carcinoma occurring on the dorsolumbar region of the back is
      reported. Verrucous carcinoma, although usually appearing on three leading sites
      (pan-oral, genitogluteal, and plantar), can exceptionally arise anywhere on the
      skin surface. It is important to be aware of this fact for more accurate
      diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 3711405
TI  - Prepartum grain feeding and subsequent lactation forage program effects on
      performance of dairy cows in early lactation.
AB  - One hundred fifty-six Holstein cows were balanced prior to drying off to one of
      three diets offered during the dry period (dry matter basis): A) forage only (50%
      corn silage:50% alfalfa silage), B) forage as A plus a standard dairy grain mix
      (1.73% calcium), and C) same as B except a low calcium grain mix (.35% calcium).
      Grain feeding started 3 wk prepartum. Cows from each dry treatment were assigned
      to one of two treatments during the first 21 d postpartum: total mixed ration
      (dry matter basis); 50% grain:50% corn silage; or 50% grain:25% corn silage:25%
      alfalfa silage. Dry period feeding program had no effect on postpartum dry matter
      intake, milk yield, or composition. Prepartum grain feeding resulted in increased
      body weight gain during the last 3 wk of the dry period. Feeding corn silage
      postpartum as the sole forage resulted in higher dry matter intakes (15.0 vs.
      14.1 kg/d), milk production (31.3 vs. 29.7 kg/d), and less body weight loss (36
      vs. 58 kg) during the first 21 d postpartum than feeding a 50% corn silage:50%
      alfalfa silage mixture. However, differences varied depending on dry cow feeding
      program. All dry cow treatments resulted in a high incidence of milk fever (11.5,
      11.5, and 15.5% for A, B, and C, respectively). Dry cow rations containing as
      little as 50% alfalfa silage appear to predispose cows to increased incidence of
      milk fever.

PMID- 3711404
TI  - Effects of milk protein loci on first lactation production in dairy cattle.
AB  - A total of 920 cows of Holstein-based H line, Ayrshire-based A line, and cross
      bred C line between H and A lines was used to determine the genotypic and gene
      frequencies of milk protein types and to study the relationships of milk protein
      loci to first lactation yields. Effects of milk protein loci on first lactation
      performance were examined using classification and gene substitution models. Gene
      frequencies at the five milk protein loci studied were similar to those reported
      in the literature. Gene substitution at alpha s1-casein locus showed the greatest
      effects on first lactation yields compared to those at other milk protein loci.
      Unfortunately, the favorable B allele at this locus is almost fixed (the
      frequency of the B allele = .955), a result of long-term selection for high milk
      production in dairy cattle. The extremely high frequency of a favorable allele at
      the alpha s1-casein locus imposes a limitation for further genetic improvement at
      this locus unless a more favorable mutation can be induced. Although favorable
      alleles at beta-casein, kappa-casein, and beta-lactoglobulin loci exerted smaller
      effects on first lactation performance than those at the alpha s1-casein locus,
      their moderate frequencies in the current population can be raised to improve
      lactation yields through milk protein typing. The combined contribution of the
      four milk protein loci accounted for 8.9% of phenotypic variance in milk yield,
      8.6% in protein yield, ad 5.0% in fat yield.

PMID- 3711406
TI  - Microbial numbers, rumen fermentation, and nitrogen utilization of steers fed wet
      or dried brewers' grains.
AB  - Holstein steers were fed corn silage supplemented with either wet or dried
      brewers' grains to determine effects of heat drying commercial brewers' grains.
      Four rumen-fistulated steers were fed a 12.5% crude protein diet in a single
      reversal design experiment. Brewers' grains supplied 45% of the protein of the
      diet. Bacterial numbers, concentration of ciliated protozoa, and ammonia
      concentration in the rumen were higher, and rumen pH was lower, for steers fed
      wet brewers' grains. Concentrations of rumen volatile fatty acids were similar
      for both diets. Ruminal digestibility of dry matter decreased when wet versus
      dried brewers' grains were fed (56.9 versus 39.3%). The rate of dry matter
      passage from the rumen was faster with wet brewers' grains. In Experiment 2, 12
      steers were in a 2 X 2 factorial design. Diets contained wet or dried brewers'
      grains supplemented at 22 or 40% of the diet dry matter (12.5 and 14.5% crude
      protein). Nitrogen retention was increased in steers fed the higher crude protein
      diet. Apparent digestible nitrogen, acid detergent fiber nitrogen, and nitrogen
      retention were higher with wet versus dried brewers' grains. Plasma essential and
      nonessential amino acids were also higher in steers fed wet brewers' grains.
      Alteration in microbial numbers, fermentation measurements, and nitrogen
      utilization were associated with more soluble nitrogen with wet (13.4%) versus
      dried (3.3%) brewers' grains.

PMID- 3711407
TI  - Factors influencing passive transfer in dairy calves.
AB  - Records from 2105 calves born over 2 yr on a large dairy in a subtropical climate
      were examined to delineate factors that influence passive transfer of colostral
      immunoglobulins and the effect of passive transfer of immunoglobulin on calf
      mortality. Seasonal effects on immunoglobulin absorption were detected with
      highest serum total protein occurring in February and March. Lower total protein
      concentrations were associated with elevated environmental temperatures in the
      summer months. Maternal antibody was highest in calves from second parity cows;
      and dystocia appeared to decrease the amount of immunoglobulin absorbed by the
      neonatal calf. Calves that died of infectious disease during the first 14 wk of
      life had significantly lower serum total protein concentrations than those that
      lived. Heritability of serum protein concentration in calves was .02 +/- .03.

PMID- 3711408
TI  - Production and reproduction of early and late bred dairy heifers.
AB  - A total of 253 heifers bred at first estrus after 350 d of age (350-d breeding
      age group) and 249 contemporary heifers bred at first estrus after 462 d of age
      (462-d breeding age group) were used to study the effects of age at first
      breeding on productive and reproductive performances of first lactation heifers.
      Heifers of both breeding age groups were subject to similar feeding and
      management practices. The average age at first calving was 698 d for the 350-d
      breeding group and 796 d for the 462-d breeding group. Although not statistically
      significant, heifers of the 462-d breeding group tended to have a higher
      conception rate at first service (47 vs. 38%) and fewer days between first
      service and conception (39 vs. 44 d) than those of the 350-d breeding age group.
      Breeding heifers as early as 350 d of age has no adverse effects on calving ease
      or retained placenta but does result in calves 1.2 kg lighter at birth. Heifers
      of the 350-d breeding group had lower milk, protein, and fat yields at both 168
      and 308 d of first lactation than those of the 462-d breeding group. A 1-d
      reduction in age at first calving decreased 308-d milk yield by 2.01 kg for the
      350-d breeding group as compared with 4.74 kg for the 462-d breeding group.

PMID- 3711409
TI  - Growth and reproduction characteristics of purebred and crossbred dairy cattle in
      first lactation.
AB  - Breed additive, maternal, and heterozygotic effects on 11 monthly postpartum body
      weights, average size, weight gain, age at first calving, and days open were
      estimated by linear regression analyses from records of 680 purebred and
      crossbred animals. Calving year, age, and milk yield were significant
      environmental effects. Positive regressions of age on body weights indicated late
      calving cows were heaviest postpartum and had most days open. Negative
      regressions of milk yield on weight gain and postpartum weight showed greatest
      losses of weight associated with highest yields. There were breed differences in
      growth; purebreds highest to lowest were Brown Swiss, Holstein, Red Dane, Jersey,
      and Ayrshire and for weight gain, Brown Swiss, Ayrshire, and for weight gain,
      Brown Swiss, Ayrshire, Jersey, Holsteins, and Red Dane. Crosses were superior to
      purebreds in these traits. Additive effects of Holstein were greater than
      Ayrshire, Jersey, and Red Dane for postpartum body weights and average size. All
      constants for heterozygotic effect combinations were significant for postpartum
      weights and average size. Heterozygosity effects increased in magnitude with
      advancing lactation. Generally, age at first calving and postpartum interval to
      conception reflected little heterozygotic or maternal effects. There was some
      indication of breed differences in mean and additive effects for age at first
      calving.

PMID- 3711410
TI  - Use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measurement of bovine serum and milk
      progesterone without extraction.
AB  - An enzyme immunoassay for progesterone, using horseradish peroxidase as the
      label, was adapted for direct measurement of progesterone in serum or milk.
      Values obtained by direct measurement are highly correlated with values measured
      in extracts and are usable for convenient, rapid, accurate monitoring of the
      reproductive status of dairy cows. The assay is sensitive (ca. 1 pg), rapidly
      performed (3.5 h), and allows 92% accuracy in assessment of pregnancy status by
      direct measurement of progesterone in paired milk samples collected at breeding
      and 21 d later.

PMID- 3711411
TI  - Ability of cattle to distinguish among different wavelengths of light.
AB  - Eight heifers were trained using operant conditioning to press a plate to receive
      feed as a reward. Different wavelengths of light were the correct and incorrect
      stimuli. Positive and negative responses to the stimuli were registered
      electronically. Daily sessions of 20 min were conducted in a chamber from which
      external light had been excluded. A 75% correct choice was the criterion for
      acceptable discrimination. Ratios of correct to incorrect responses were
      computed. Three colors, i.e., green (535 nm), red (610 nm), and blue (450 nm),
      were compared pairwise during eight trials. Trial 7 was a repeat trial of green
      versus red and trial 8 was a comparison of green versus green. Subjects gave
      random response to green versus green. Five subjects distinguished red from blue:
      1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 at 76, 91, 78, 88 and 81% correct choice, respectively. Three
      subjects distinguished blue from green: 1, 2, and 5 at 89, 88, and 85% correct
      choice, respectively. Three subjects distinguished green from red in a repeat
      trial: 1, 5, and 7 at 90, 84, and 85% correct choice, respectively. Subjects
      failed to discriminate these colors in the first red versus green trial. Results
      indicate that heifers can learn to discriminate between colors.

PMID- 3711412
TI  - Correlation of indices of stress with intensity of electrical shock for cows.
AB  - Electrical shock is commonly used as a paradigm of stress. Cows have a higher
      tolerance to electrical shock than other species. To test this tolerance, seven
      lactating cows were shocked biweekly for 10 s: 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, then 12.5
      mA, 60 Hz. At lower mA, cows became tense and showed limited movement. As mA
      increased, cows became more agitated. The experiment was terminated because of
      the severity of behavioral responses. Heart rate immediately after shock
      increased with mA and was significantly different from baseline at 10 mA (+17
      beats/min) and 12.5 mA (+30 beats/min). Prolactin and glucocorticoids were
      unaffected by shock; however, both increased pronouncedly following a single
      recannulation prior to blood sampling. Norepinephrine was unaffected by shock or
      recannulation. Epinephrine doubled in two exceptional cows at 10 mA. The two
      exceptional cows showed consistent glucocorticoid responses, had consistently
      elevated baseline heart rates and prolactin, and were the only cows not shocked
      at 12.5 mA due to severe behavioral responses. The dramatic behavioral responses
      displayed by cows subjected to electrical shock were not correlated with
      significant or prolonged physiological responses. This dichotomy, although
      probably exaggerated in cows, suggests that electrical shock may not be a good
      paradigm of "stress".

PMID- 3711413
TI  - Relationship of milking rate to somatic cell count.
AB  - Information on milking rate, monthly bucket somatic cell counts, mastitis
      treatment, and milk production was obtained from 284 lactations of Holstein cows
      separated into three lactation groups. Significant correlations between somatic
      cell count (linear score) and other parameters included production in lactation 1
      (-.185), production in lactation 2 (-.267), and percent 2-min milk in lactation 2
      (.251). Somatic cell count tended to increase with maximum milking rate in all
      lactations, but correlations were not statistically significant. Twenty-nine
      percent of cows with milking rate measurements were treated for clinical
      mastitis. Treated cows in each lactation group produced less milk than untreated
      cows. In the second and third lactation groups, treated cows had a shorter total
      milking time and a higher percent 2-min milk than untreated cows, but differences
      were not statistically significant. Overall, the data support the concept that
      faster milking cows tend to have higher cell counts and more mastitis treatments,
      particularly beyond first lactation. However, the magnitude of the relationship
      was small.

PMID- 3711414
TI  - Comparative aspects of milk fat synthesis.
AB  - This general review attempts to capture the interest of nonspecialists,
      especially those whose main interest is the dairy cow, in the extraordinary
      diversity of milk fats synthesized and secreted by different mammalian species.
      The review compares differences in the gross proportions of fats in the milk of
      various species and discusses different strategies for providing the suckling
      young with sufficient energy as fat. Despite the constancy of the gross chemical
      composition of the milk fat globule and its membrane produced by mammals, there
      are striking differences among species in the fatty acid composition of milk
      triacylglycerols (triglycerides). The origins of the short-, medium-, and long
      chain fatty acids of milk triacylglycerols are reviewed with emphasis on
      differences between ruminants and nonruminants. Because there appears to be less
      difference among mammals in the mechanisms of fatty acid desaturation, chain
      elongation, and esterification by the mammary gland, these topics are only
      briefly reviewed.

PMID- 3711415
TI  - On the closure of preauricular excisions.

PMID- 3711416
TI  - Subungual mucinous pseudocyst.

PMID- 3711417
TI  - The forehead V-to-T plasty (Dieffenbach's winged V-plasty).
AB  - The principles of the V-to-T plasty (Dieffenbach's winged V-plasty) are adaptable
      to many regions of the forehead. This paper demonstrates the use of the V-to-T
      plasty to reconstruct an extensive area of the lower central forehead and
      glabella following excision for basal cell carcinomatosis. Dual hemi-forehead
      advancement-rotation flaps were used in a single-stage reconstruction. The same
      technique adapts to other forehead and facial areas as well.

PMID- 3711418
TI  - Cryosurgical treatment for large malignancies on the upper extremities.

PMID- 3711419
TI  - Postsurgical acrylic ear splints for keloids.
AB  - It is generally acknowledged that earlobe keloids are best surgically resected
      and repaired while attempting to leave a residual skeletal cartilaginous soft
      tissue framework, oftentimes composed of keloidal tissue itself. Whether grafts,
      flaps, or primary incision and closure are performed, the success of each
      procedure may require the adjuvant use of pressure to the involved ear-lobes for
      at least a year. Where gross deformity has existed, the use of an "oyster splint"
      seems to act as a pressure remolding device.

PMID- 3711420
TI  - Subcutaneous island pedicle flaps.
AB  - Aesthetic reconstruction of cutaneous defects is dependent on the availability of
      matching regional tissue. The ability to transfer comparable local skin can be
      enhanced by the use of the subcutaneous island pedicle flap. The design,
      implementation, and anatomy of this flap are discussed and illustrated.

PMID- 3711421
TI  - The significance of transepithelial elimination in dermatologic surgery.
AB  - Transepithelial elimination (TE) was found to be an important physiologic
      mechanism of riding the skin of foreign material introduced during cutaneous
      surgery, as evidenced in the histologic examination of reexcision specimens.
      Thus, TE of suture material, Monsel's granulomas, and starch granules are
      pictorially documented in several brief case reports.

PMID- 3711422
TI  - Infiltrating angiolipoma: report of two cases and review of the literature.
AB  - Infiltrating angiolipoma is an infrequent cutaneous tumor, with skeletal muscle
      infiltration that should be differentiated from the common encapsulated
      angiolipoma. We present two cases in young women, and review the literature.
      Infiltrating angiolipoma may be a locally aggressive neoplasm, which makes its
      clinicopathologic recognition and appropriate therapy important.

PMID- 3711423
TI  - Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia vs. squamous cell carcinoma arising from
      chronic osteomyelitis of the humerus.
AB  - The differential diagnosis of pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, atypical
      pseudoepitheliomatous, and well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma is
      discussed. A patient is presented who illustrates the occasional difficulty of
      this diagnostic question.

PMID- 3711424
TI  - Thermodilution measurement of right ventricular ejection fraction with a modified
      pulmonary artery catheter.
AB  - In 14 critically ill patients in stable cardiopulmonary status, right ventricular
      ejection fraction (RVEF) was measured by thermodilution technique and by
      radionuclear (gated first pass) technique. The pulmonary artery catheter was
      equipped with a fast-response thermistor and an intracardiac ECG monitor. In
      addition, the proximal lumen ended in a 3-hole port 21 cm from the tip of the
      catheter to facilitate mixing of the cold bolus above the tricuspid valve. The
      use of a new algorithm based on an exponential curve analysis of the
      thermodilution curve limited the variability of RVEF determinations to 7.6%. The
      correlation between RVEF measured by thermodilution and radionuclear techniques
      was significant (y = 12.7 +/- 0.49x, r = 0.67, p less than 0.01). However, the
      values obtained by thermodilution were usually lower, especially for high RVEF.
      Nevertheless, although some discrepancy was found, thermodilution techniques
      allow simple, accurate and repetitive bedside measurements of right ventricular
      volumes in the critically ill.

PMID- 3711425
TI  - The role of drug-induced illness in admissions to an intensive care unit.
AB  - All patients admitted during a 33-month period to a multidisciplinary intensive
      care unit were prospectively studied in order to determine the incidence and
      severity of drug-induced illness leading to the admission. The role of underlying
      diseases was assessed and the avoidability of drug-induced illness considered.
      Out of 1651 patients, 97 (5.88%) were admitted because of drug-induced illness;
      74 of these had serious underlying diseases. 13 (13.4%) of the 97 patients died,
      but underlying diseases accounted for 4 of the 13 fatalities. In nearly half of
      the cases, the drug-induced illness appeared potentially avoidable.

PMID- 3711426
TI  - Water intoxication in the course of an acute schizophrenic episode.
AB  - In the course of a schizophrenic episode a woman drank a large amount of tap
      water. She was found nearly unconscious in her room and was admitted to the
      clinic. Very low sodium and potassium values in the serum were indicative of
      water intoxication. During hospitalization she also suffered from several
      convulsive seizures. After replacement of electrolytes she recovered within 12 to
      17 h. This case report demonstrates that water intoxication should also be
      considered in cases of suspected poisoning with other substances such as drugs.
      In all these cases an electrolyte status is indicated.

PMID- 3711427
TI  - Pneumoperitoneum as the presenting sign of pulmonary barotrauma during artificial
      ventilation.
AB  - Massive pneumoperitoneum developing immediately following initiation of
      artificial ventilation is an unusual sign of pulmonary barotrauma, and must be
      distinguished from pneumoperitoneum following rupture of a hollow abdominal
      viscus. We present a case of massive pneumoperitoneum and scrotal pneumatocele
      which we attributed to pulmonary barotrauma after excluding other causes.
      Awareness of this entity will enable early diagnosis and avoid unnecessary
      laparotomy.

PMID- 3711428
TI  - Rupture of the normal stomach after therapeutic oxygen administration.
AB  - The case is reported of an 87-year-old woman with a spontaneous rupture of the
      normal stomach during nasal oxygen administration. The clinical picture and
      treatment are discussed.

PMID- 3711429
TI  - Complete atrio-ventricular block after furosemide.
AB  - We report a case of nonfatal complete atrio-ventricular (A-V) block after
      injection of 125 mg of furosemide by a central vena cava catheter. Accidents with
      this diuretic are very rare but this observation shows that it could induce A-V
      conduction disturbances. When large quantities of this diuretic must be used, we
      would recommend a slow injection rate to avoid such accidents.

PMID- 3711430
TI  - Hypertensive crisis immediately after complete removal of phaeochromocytoma.
AB  - A hypertensive crisis with an arterial blood pressure of 280/180 mmHg developed
      immediately after an apparently successful removal of a phaeochromocytoma. The
      blood pressure could not be lowered by phentolamine and not until the
      administration of dihydralazine and furosemide was the systemic pressure
      normalized. In addition to residual high concentrations of vasoactive substances,
      the hypertension may have been due to an overloaded vascular bed. Careful
      peroperative volume substitution in patients treated preoperatively with modern
      sympathetic blocking agents appears to be of great importance.

PMID- 3711431
TI  - Mortality increases with the severity of disturbance of vital function on
      admission to intensive care--Pessi's law and curve.

PMID- 3711432
TI  - Acute respiratory failure after cancer treatment.

PMID- 3711433
TI  - Stress-processes and depressive symptomatology.

PMID- 3711434
TI  - Initial symptom levels and the life-event-depression relationship.

PMID- 3711435
TI  - Suicide among gifted women: a prospective study.

PMID- 3711436
TI  - Discrimination of threat cues without awareness in anxiety states.

PMID- 3711437
TI  - The role of physical attractiveness in the readjustment of discharged psychiatric
      patients.

PMID- 3711438
TI  - Autobiographical memory in suicide attempters.

PMID- 3711439
TI  - The effects of alcohol and anger on interest in violence, erotica, and deviance.

PMID- 3711440
TI  - Individual differences in the stress-response-dampening effect on alcohol: a dose
      response study.

PMID- 3711441
TI  - DSM-III classification of the anxiety disorders: a psychometric study.

PMID- 3711442
TI  - Drinking your troubles away: the role of activity in mediating alcohol's
      reduction of psychological stress.

PMID- 3711443
TI  - Lexical cohesion and formal thought disorder during and after psychotic episodes.

PMID- 3711444
TI  - Depression, general distress, and causal attributions among university students.

PMID- 3711445
TI  - Racial factors and season of birth in schizophrenia: a reinterpretation of
      Gallagher, McFalls, and Jones.

PMID- 3711446
TI  - A model for active elements in cochlear biomechanics.
AB  - A linear, mathematical model of cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper.
      In this model, active elements are essential for simulating the high sensitivity
      and sharp tuning characteristic of the mammalian cochlea. The active elements are
      intended to represent the motile action of outer hair cells; they are postulated
      to be mechanical force generators that are powered by electrochemical energy of
      the cochlear endolymph, controlled by the bending of outer hair cell stereocilia,
      and bidirectionally coupled to cochlear partition mechanics. The active elements
      are spatially distributed and function collectively as a cochlear amplifier.
      Excessive gain in the cochlear amplifier causes spontaneous oscillations and
      thereby generates spontaneous otoacoustic emissions.

PMID- 3711447
TI  - Acoustic distortion in the ear canal. I. Cubic difference tones: effects of acute
      noise injury.
AB  - Acoustic emissions in the form of cubic difference tones (CDT's), 2f1-f2, were
      measured in the ear canals of gerbils and cats. The state of the cochlea was
      manipulated by means of acute exposure to noise and was monitored with the aid of
      the whole-nerve response to tone pips. The resulting shifts in the levels of
      emissions generated by pairs of primary tones of equal intensity were then
      compared to the corresponding threshold shifts of the whole-nerve response across
      frequency. Data obtained from normal ears before injury indicate that the
      absolute thresholds of the whole-nerve responses across frequency are not
      necessarily good predictors of the absolute levels of CDT emissions generated by
      70- and 80-dB SPL primaries. While high emission levels were often linked to low
      whole-nerve thresholds in pre-exposed ears, instances of animals with sensitive
      whole-nerve thresholds coupled with very weak emissions were also found.
      Conversely, animals with poor whole-nerve thresholds (shifted by up to 30 dB)
      could occasionally have high levels of emissions. After acute noise injury,
      however, the shifts of emission levels as a function of the center frequency of
      the primary-tone pair largely corresponded to the threshold shifts seen in the
      whole-nerve response. In other words, the temporary level shift of an acoustic
      emission largely reflected the acute change to a specific cochlear region
      associated with the primary frequencies.

PMID- 3711448
TI  - Cochlear microphonics and the initiation of spikes in the auditory nerve:
      correlation of single-unit data with neural and receptor potentials recorded from
      the round window.
AB  - On the basis of comparisons of responses of guinea pig ganglion cells and inner
      hair cells to intense low-frequency tones, Sellick et al. [Hear. Res. 7, 199-221
      (1982)] have proposed that basal inner hair cells can be depolarized (and thus,
      VIII-N. spikes generated) by the extracellular microphonic generated during
      hyperpolarization of outer hair cells. VIII-N. data for the chinchilla have been
      presented that, to a first approximation, support such a hypothesis [Ruggero and
      Rich, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 73, 2096-2108 (1983)]. However, an apparent discrepancy
      exists in our results, vis a vis Sellick et al.'s hypothesis, in that basal fiber
      near-threshold responses precede maximal negativity of the round window
      microphonic (i.e., maximal hyperpolarization of outer hair cells) by up to 90
      degrees (but generally less than 45 degrees), depending on frequency. It is shown
      here that the discrepancy is resolved if certain nonlinear phase changes and
      overall distortion of the microphonic waveshapes, both of which occur at intense
      stimulus levels, are taken into account. It is also shown that compound action
      potentials (AP's), superimposed on the round window microphonics, can be
      identified at multiple times within each stimulus cycle, closely matching the
      near-threshold response phases of single-unit excitation. AP1 is nearly
      synchronous with the negative-to-positive transition of round window microphonics
      and with the excitation of fibers innervating apical-to-middle cochlear regions.
      AP2 is synchronous with the positive-to-negative transition of the microphonics
      and with the excitation of basal fibers. One or two other AP's probably reflect
      "peak splitting" in the responses of both basal and apical fibers.

PMID- 3711449
TI  - Models of auditory masking: a molecular psychophysical approach.
AB  - Gilkey et al. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 78, 1207-1219 (1985)] measured hit proportions
      and false alarm proportions for detecting a 500-Hz tone at each of four starting
      phase angles in each of 25 reproducible noise samples. In the present paper,
      their results are modeled by fitting the general form of the electrical analog
      model of Jeffress [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 48, 480-488 (1967)] to the diotic data.
      The best-fitting configurations of this model do not correspond to energy
      detectors or to envelope detectors. A detector composed of a 50-Hz-wide single
      tuned filter, followed by a half-wave rectifier and an integrator with an
      integration time of 100 to 200 ms fits the data of all four subjects relatively
      well. Linear combinations of the outputs of several detectors that differ in
      center frequency or integration window provide even better fits to the data.
      These linear combinations assign negative weights to some frequencies or to some
      time intervals, suggesting that a subject's decision is based on a comparison of
      information in different spectral or temporal portions of the stimulus.

PMID- 3711450
TI  - The shape of the nonlinearity generating the combination tone 2f1-f2.
AB  - If the level behavior of the cubic difference tone is explained by a static
      nonlinear characteristic, the correspondence between this characteristic and
      certain components and quantities of the basilar membrane must be clarified. This
      is attempted here for a nonlinearity compatible with the idea of an active
      undamping feedback mechanism saturating at high levels. The relation between
      asymptotic behavior of the nonlinearity and the measured CDT level dependence is
      established. Agreement with psychoacoustic data requires a very "softly"
      compressing characteristic; linear or logarithmic asymptotes are ruled out. The
      psychoacoustically known level dependence is well reproduced for small primary
      frequency differences by cancellation experiments with a digitally simulated
      basilar-membrane model.

PMID- 3711451
TI  - Confusion effects with sinusoidal and narrow-band noise forward maskers.
AB  - In some forward-masking conditions, signal thresholds may be elevated by the
      listener's inability to distinguish the signal from the preceding masker. In this
      study, such "confusion" effects are investigated for both sinusoidal and narrow
      band noise forward maskers combined with sinusoidal signals of varying duration.
      Results for the sinusoidal maskers show effects of off-frequency listening for
      brief signals and possibly small effects of confusion for longer signals. Results
      for the narrow-band noise maskers show a marked influence of confusion over a
      wide range of signal durations. This range is in good agreement with that
      predicted from previous work with "pulsing" maskers [D. Neff, J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
      78, 1966-1976 (1985)]. These results suggest that studies using narrow-band noise
      forward maskers or studies of psychophysical suppression should include direct
      tests for confusion effects in key conditions.

PMID- 3711452
TI  - Pure-tone pitch anomalies. II. Pitch-intensity effects and diplacusis in impaired
      ears.
AB  - Pitch-intensity functions and psychophysical tuning curves (PTC's) were measured
      in ten listeners with sensorineural impairments of presumed cochlear origin.
      Masking patterns, frequency jnd's, diplacusis measurements, and octave
      adjustments were also obtained for selected conditions in selected listeners. The
      results showed a tendency for increased frequency jnd's and increased pitch
      matching variability in frequency regions where frequency resolution, as
      determined by PTC Q10 estimates, was degraded. The results also showed
      exaggerated pitch-level effects, both in regions where frequency resolution was
      degraded and, in many cases, in regions where thresholds and frequency resolution
      were apparently normal. The usual manifestation of exaggerated pitch-level effect
      was an abnormally large negative pitch shift with increasing level, particularly
      at low frequencies. The limited data from diplacusis measurements and octave
      adjustments suggest that the exaggerated negative pitch shifts are the
      consequence of a large increase in pitch at low stimulus levels which "recruits"
      at higher levels. These results are difficult to explain with simple tonotopic
      models, or presently formulated temporal models, of pure-tone pitch encoding.

PMID- 3711453
TI  - Discrimination of interaural temporal disparities by normal-hearing listeners and
      listeners with high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss.
AB  - Thresholds of ongoing interaural time difference (ITD) were obtained from normal
      hearing and hearing-impaired listeners who had high-frequency, sensorineural
      hearing loss. Several stimuli (a 500-Hz sinusoid, a narrow-band noise centered at
      500 Hz, a sinusoidally amplitude-modulated 4000-Hz tone, and a narrow-band noise
      centered at 4000 Hz) and two criteria [equal sound-pressure level (Eq SPL) and
      equal sensation level (Eq SL)] for determining the level of stimuli presented to
      each listener were employed. The ITD thresholds and slopes of the psychometric
      functions were elevated for hearing-impaired listeners for the two high-frequency
      stimuli in comparison to: the listener's own low-frequency thresholds; and data
      obtained from normal-hearing listeners for stimuli presented with Eq SPL
      interaurally. The two groups of listeners required similar ITDs to reach
      threshold when stimuli were presented at Eq SLs to each ear. For low-frequency
      stimuli, the ITD thresholds of the hearing-impaired listener were generally
      slightly greater than those obtained from the normal-hearing listeners. Whether
      these stimuli were presented at either Eq SPL or Eq SL did not differentially
      affect the ITD thresholds across groups.

PMID- 3711454
TI  - Interaural correlation discrimination: II. Relation to binaural unmasking.
AB  - Many theoretical models of binaural interaction assume that sensitivity to
      interaural correlation underlies binaural unmasking. This paper explores the
      extent to which sensitivity to changes in interaural correlation implied by
      results from binaural detection experiments are consistent with sensitivity to
      changes in interaural correlation implied by results from binaural detection
      experiments are consistent with sensitivity to changes in interaural correlation
      measured directly in correlation discrimination experiments. The vehicle for this
      exploration is a simplified model of the underlying processes assumed by many
      models of binaural unmasking for the detection of narrow-band signals in the
      presence of broadband noise. Consideration is given to psychometric function
      slopes, detection thresholds, bandwidth effects, duration effects, level effects,
      and interaural-parameter effects. Although many of the results obtained from our
      analysis are consistent with the notion that the cue in binaural detection tasks
      is a change in interaural correlation, some significant inconsistencies are
      noted.

PMID- 3711455
TI  - Performance in several binaural-interaction experiments.
AB  - The relationship between interaural correlation discrimination and binaural
      detection was investigated using common experimental procedures and common
      subjects. Psychometric functions were obtained for four normal-hearing subjects
      at 500 and 4000 Hz using third-octave noise signals for the correlation
      discrimination experiment, and pure-tone signals and third-octave noise maskers
      for the detection experiment. Results from these two measurements, which were
      compared by expressing the signal-to-noise ratio as an equivalent change in
      interaural correlation, support the idea that interaural correlation
      discrimination and binaural detection are closely related. Since large
      intersubject differences in binaural performance were observed in these
      experiments, interaural-time, interaural-intensity, and monaural-intensity
      discrimination were measured in a second experiment. The results of the second
      experiment show large intersubject differences for the interaural tasks, but not
      for the monaural task.

PMID- 3711456
TI  - Lateralization of low-frequency tones and narrow bands of noise.
AB  - It is well known and universally accepted that people's ability to use ongoing
      interaural temporal disparities conveyed via pure tones is limited to frequencies
      below 1600 Hz. We wish to determine if this limitation is the result of the
      constant amplitude and periodic axis-crossings which characterize pure tones. To
      this end, an acoustic pointing task was employed in which listeners varied the
      interaural intensitive difference of a 500-Hz narrow-band noise (the pointer) so
      that the position of its intracranial image matched that of a second,
      experimenter-controlled stimulus (the target). Targets were either pure tones or
      narrow bands of noise (50 or 100 Hz wide). The narrow bands of noise were delayed
      interaurally in two distinct manners: Either the entire waveform or only the
      carrier was delayed. In the latter case, the envelopes and phase-functions of the
      bands of noise were identical interaurally. This resulted in noises which
      resemble the pure tone case in that the interaural delay is manifested as a
      constant phase-shift and resemble ordinary noises in that the envelope and phase
      are random functions of time. Surprisingly, it appears that all three targets
      were lateralized virtually identically regardless of frequency or bandwidth.
      Apparently, the dynamically changing envelopes and phases did not affect the
      listeners' use of interaural temporal disparities in any discernible fashion.

PMID- 3711457
TI  - Acoustic analysis and perception of vowels in stuttered speech.
AB  - In stuttered repetitions of a syllable, the vowel that occurs often sounds like
      schwa even when schwa is not intended. In this article, acoustic analyses are
      reported which show that the spectral properties of stuttered vowels are similar
      to the following fluent vowel, so it would appear that the stutterers are
      articulating the vowel appropriately. Though spectral properties of the stuttered
      vowels are normal, others are unusual: The stuttered vowels are low in amplitude
      and short in duration. In two experiments, the effects of amplitude and duration
      on perception of these vowels are examined. It is shown that, if the amplitude of
      stuttered vowels is made normal and their duration is lengthened, they sound more
      like the intended vowels. These experiments lead to the conclusion that low
      amplitude and short duration are the factors that cause stuttered vowels to sound
      like schwa. This differs from the view of certain clinicians and theorists who
      contend that stutterers actually articulate /schwa/'s when these are heard in
      stuttered speech. Implications for stuttering therapy are considered.

PMID- 3711458
TI  - Flat-spectrum speech.
AB  - Flat-spectrum stimuli, consisting of many equal-amplitude harmonics, produce
      timbre sensations that can depend strongly on the phase angles of the individual
      harmonics. For fundamental frequencies in the human pitch range, many realizable
      timbres have vowel-like perceptual qualities. This observation suggests the
      possibility of constructing intelligible voiced speech signals that have flat
      amplitude spectra. This paper describes a successful experiment of creating
      several different diphthongs by judicious choice of the phase angles of a flat
      spectrum waveform. A possible explanation of the observed vowel timbres lies in
      the dependence of the short-time amplitude spectra on phase changes.

PMID- 3711459
TI  - Electrophysiological evidence for the critical band in humans.
AB  - The amplitude of wave V of the auditory brainstem response (ABR) has been found
      to vary in a manner consistent with the psychophysical critical band data. When
      the frequency separations between members of a tone pair, displaced symmetrically
      around some center frequency, exceed some critical value, the amplitude of wave V
      undergoes an abrupt increase. Specifically, tonal pairs straddling 2 and 4 kHz
      were studied; abrupt increases in wave V amplitude were generally seen when
      frequency separations were between 600 and 800 Hz for a center frequency of 4
      kHz, and between 200-400 Hz for a 2-kHz center frequency. These
      electrophysiologically derived estimates are in reasonable agreement with
      psychophysical values found in the literature.

PMID- 3711460
TI  - Some observations on the development of anticipatory coarticulation.
AB  - The influence of vocalic context on various temporal and spectral properties of
      preceding acoustic segments was investigated in utterances containing [schwa No.
      CV] sequences produced by two girls aged 4;8 and 9;5 years and by their father.
      The younger (but not the older) child's speech showed a systematic lowering of
      [s] noise and [th] release burst spectra before [u] as compared to [i] and [ae].
      The older child's speech, on the other hand, showed an orderly relationship of
      the second-formant frequency in [] to the transconsonantal vowel. Both children
      tended to produce longer [s] noises and voice onset times as well as higher
      second-formant peaks at constriction noise offset before [i] than before [u] and
      [ae]. All effects except the first were shown by the adult who, in addition,
      produced first-formant frequencies in [] that anticipated the transconsonantal
      vowel. These observations suggest that different forms of anticipatory
      coarticulation may have different causes and may follow different developmental
      patterns. A strategy for future research is suggested.

PMID- 3711461
TI  - Chlamydia trachomatis genital infections in college women.

PMID- 3711462
TI  - "I'm really different": difficulties in balancing a business career with a
      liberal arts self-concept.

PMID- 3711463
TI  - Emerging risk factors for acquired immune deficiency syndrome and risk reduction
      education.

PMID- 3711464
TI  - Dealing with the disruptive college student: some theoretical and practical
      considerations.

PMID- 3711465
TI  - Alcohol and the college student: a challenge to the college health service.

PMID- 3711466
TI  - A model alcohol program for the college health service.

PMID- 3711467
TI  - AIDS: emerging moral questions.

PMID- 3711468
TI  - Position report on cardiac rehabilitation. Recommendations of the American
      College of Cardiology.

PMID- 3711469
TI  - On the training of cardiologists.

PMID- 3711470
TI  - 17th Bethesda Conference. Adult cardiology training. November 1-2, 1985.

PMID- 3711471
TI  - 17th Bethesda conference: Adult cardiology training. Task Force I: Training in
      clinical cardiology.

PMID- 3711472
TI  - 17th Bethesda conference: Adult cardiology training. Task Force II: Training in
      electrocardiography.

PMID- 3711473
TI  - 17th Bethesda conference: Adult cardiology training. Task Force III. Training in
      cardiac catheterization.

PMID- 3711474
TI  - 17th Bethesda conference: Adult cardiology training. Task Force IV: Training in
      echocardiography.

PMID- 3711475
TI  - 17th Bethesda conference: Adult cardiology training. Task Force V: Training in
      nuclear cardiology and nuclear magnetic resonance.

PMID- 3711476
TI  - 17th Bethesda conference: Adult cardiology training. Task Force VI: Training in
      cardiac pacing.

PMID- 3711477
TI  - 17th Bethesda conference: Adult cardiology training. Task Force VII: Arrhythmias
      and specialized electrophysiologic studies.

PMID- 3711478
TI  - 17th Bethesda conference: Adult cardiology training. Task Force VIII: Training in
      cardiovascular research.

PMID- 3711479
TI  - Left ventricular endocardial activation during right ventricular pacing: effect
      of underlying heart disease.
AB  - Endocardial catheter mapping of the left ventricle was performed in 40 patients
      during right ventricular pacing to determine the effect of underlying myocardial
      infarction on endocardial activation. Group I comprised 18 patients without
      infarction, Group II 12 patients with inferior infarction and Group III 10
      patients with anteroseptal infarction. Thirty-nine of the 40 patients had only a
      single left ventricular breakthrough site located on the midseptum in 33 cases,
      apical septum in 4 cases and basal septum in 2 cases. The earliest left
      ventricular local activation time during right ventricular pacing was earlier in
      Group III (40 +/- 11 ms) than in Group I (55 +/- 17 ms) and Group II (60 +/- 15
      ms) (p less than 0.01). Total endocardial activation time was significantly
      longer in Group III (118 +/- 30 ms) than in Group I (76 +/- 14 ms) and Group II
      (72 +/- 20 ms) (p less than 0.001). The latest left ventricular site of
      activation during right ventricular pacing was the inferoposterior base in 14
      (77%) of the 18 Group I patients, and 10 (83%) of the 12 Group II patients. The
      latest site of activation in Group III patients was variable. It is concluded
      that: left ventricular endocardial activation patterns and conduction times are
      influenced by the site of previous infarction. Longer total endocardial
      activation in Group III suggests that specialized conducting tissue in the septal
      and anterior walls may play an important role in left ventricular activation
      during right ventricular pacing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3711480
TI  - Can electrophysiologic testing predict mortality after myocardial infarction?

PMID- 3711481
TI  - Importance of continued activation of thrombin reflected by fibrinopeptide A to
      the efficacy of thrombolysis.
AB  - Factors responsible for initial success or failure of coronary thrombolysis and
      persistent recanalization or early reocclusion have not been thoroughly
      elucidated. Both adequate initial clot lysis and preclusion of rethrombosis are
      required. Failure may reflect clot lysis followed immediately or somewhat later
      by rethrombosis. To determine whether differences in the intensity and
      persistence of the activation of thrombin are determinants of success or failure
      of recanalization, plasma fibrinopeptide A, a fibrinogen product liberated by
      thrombin, was serially assayed in 19 patients treated with intravenous
      streptokinase. In patients exhibiting recanalization (n = 9), plasma
      fibrinopeptide A decreased after administration of streptokinase but before
      administration of heparin. In patients without initially apparent recanalization,
      fibrinopeptide A increased, suggesting ongoing thrombosis, and subsequently
      decreased promptly after heparin. In patients with initial recanalization
      followed by overt reocclusion the pattern was different. Despite recanalization,
      fibrinopeptide A continued to rise markedly. Elevations persisted despite
      administration of heparin. Thus, inhibition of activation of thrombin is
      associated with successful recanalization. Conversely, persistent activation of
      thrombin may be a predisposing factor to both apparent initial failure of
      recanalization and overt early reocclusion.

PMID- 3711482
TI  - Left ventricular filling in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a pulsed Doppler
      echocardiographic study.
AB  - Abnormal left ventricular diastolic properties have been described in patients
      with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. To evaluate the diastolic filling
      characteristics of the left ventricle in patients with this disease, pulsed
      Doppler echocardiography was used to study mitral flow velocity in 17 patients
      with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (11 with and 6 without systolic anterior motion
      of the mitral valve) and 16 age-matched normal subjects. There were no
      statistically significant differences between patients with hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy with and without systolic anterior motion with regard to
      ventricular septal thickness, left ventricular posterior wall thickness, left
      ventricular internal dimensions or the extent of hypertrophy evaluated by two
      dimensional echocardiography. Mitral regurgitation was detected by Doppler
      echocardiography in all 11 patients with and in 2 (33%) of the 6 patients without
      systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve. Early and late diastolic peak flow
      velocity, the ratio of late to early diastolic peak flow velocity and
      deceleration of early diastolic flow were measured from Doppler mitral flow
      velocity recordings. There were no statistically significant differences in these
      four indexes between the patients with systolic anterior motion and normal
      subjects. In contrast, the patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy without
      systolic anterior motion showed lower early diastolic peak flow velocity, higher
      ratio of late to early diastolic peak flow velocity and lower deceleration of
      early diastolic flow compared with the patients with systolic anterior motion and
      normal subjects, suggesting impaired left ventricular diastolic filling.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3711483
TI  - Determination of regurgitant fraction in isolated mitral or aortic regurgitation
      by pulsed Doppler two-dimensional echocardiography.
AB  - Measurements of mitral and aortic valve flows were obtained with two-dimensional
      Doppler echocardiography in 25 patients with isolated mitral (n = 19) or aortic
      (n = 6) regurgitation and regurgitant fraction was calculated as the difference
      between the two flows divided by the flow through the regurgitant valve. Results
      were compared with measurements of regurgitant fraction determined by combined
      left ventricular angiography and thermodilution. Regurgitant fraction averaged 56
      +/- 18% (range 19 to 79) by Doppler echocardiography and 48 +/- 17% (range 13 to
      72) by angiography. A significant correlation was observed between the two
      methods (r = 0.91; SEE = 7%). In contrast, no significant correlation was found
      between regurgitant fraction measured by either method and the angiographic 1+ to
      4+ qualitative classification of regurgitation. Doppler echocardiography appears
      to be an accurate method for the non-invasive quantification of severity of
      regurgitation in isolated left-sided valve lesions.

PMID- 3711484
TI  - Real-time orthogonal mode scanning of the heart. I. System design.
AB  - A necessary percursor to real-time three-dimensional echocardiographic imaging is
      the ability to obtain multiple planes of acoustic data simultaneously. A new
      ultrasound imaging technique facilitates the display of two real-time orthogonal
      B-mode images (O-mode). The O-mode technique uses a novel two-dimensional
      transducer and system processor to interrogate the two perpendicular planes
      simultaneously, yielding sector arcs that share one origin. It permits
      simultaneous display of two sector arcs on a single monitor either side by side
      or in a two-dimensional projection designed to convey the three-dimensional
      nature of the acoustic data. Clinical results from the first 50 patients
      undergoing O-mode evaluation indicate that image quality in the two
      simultaneously obtained planes is equal to that of a single plane when the system
      is operating in its conventional format. These data confirm the feasibility of
      real-time multiplane imaging. The system design offers the potential for the
      future addition of more simultaneous planes and, thus, the possibility of real
      time three-dimensional ultrasound imaging.

PMID- 3711485
TI  - Determination of the earliest site of ventricular activation in Wolff-Parkinson
      White syndrome: application of digital continuous loop two-dimensional
      echocardiography.
AB  - Surgical and transcatheter ablation of accessory atrioventricular (AV)
      connections (Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome) requires accurate localization of
      the accessory pathway. In a canine model of endocardial pacing, a continuous loop
      two-dimensional echocardiographic technique was developed for determining the
      earliest site of ventricular activation. This technique was then used to localize
      accessory AV connections in patients. Echocardiographic images were acquired on
      videotape and converted to a digital continuous loop format, from which the
      earliest site of systolic motion was determined. In six dogs, using six distinct
      endocardial sites, two blinded observers accurately identified the earliest site
      of ventricular activation in 31 (86%) of 36 and 32 (89%) of 36 locations.
      Determination of the earliest site of ventricular activation with the continuous
      loop digital technique was superior to standard analog analysis in overall
      accuracy (p less than 0.02) and in intraobserver variability (p less than 0.004).
      After validation of this technique, 21 patients with 22 accessory AV connections
      with anterograde conduction were studied. The earliest site of mechanical
      activity was determined during sinus (10 patients) or atrial paced (11 patients)
      rhythms by two blinded observers and compared with electrophysiologic mapping and
      surface electrocardiograms. Digitally processed echocardiograms correctly
      localized the earliest site of ventricular activation in 18 of 22 connections and
      predicted an adjacent location in the remaining 4.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3711486
TI  - Comparison of ultrashort-lived iridium-191m with technetium-99m for first pass
      radionuclide angiocardiographic evaluation of right and left ventricular function
      in adults.
AB  - Ultrashort-lived iridium-191m (Ir-191m, physical half-life = 5.0 seconds) has
      been used in angiocardiography, primarily in pediatric patients. A theoretical
      obstacle to more widespread use of Ir-191m is the belief that its physical half
      life is too short to permit evaluation of left ventricular function in adult
      patients. To evaluate its usefulness in adults, first pass ejection fractions of
      the left and right ventricles determined with use of Ir-191m and technetium-99m
      (Tc-99m) were compared in 33 adult patients. An osmium-191m----iridium-191m (Os
      191----Ir-191m) generator was employed to deliver doses of 150 to 250 mCi (5.5 to
      9.2 GBq) of Ir-191m for intravenous injection. The whole body radiation absorbed
      dose with Ir-191m was 15 to 25 mrad. High quality angiocardiograms were obtained
      with both Tc-99m and Ir-191m. Total counts per image for the right ventricle were
      51,000 +/- 8,000 (mean +/- SD) for Ir-191m and 30,000 +/- 8,000 for Tc-99m. The
      left ventricular counts were comparable for both radiotracers (25,000 +/- 7,000
      for Ir-191m and 25,000 +/- 8,000 for Tc-99m). Right ventricular ejection
      fractions were similar: 44 +/- 8% for Ir-191m and 47 +/- 9% for Tc-99m. The
      correlation coefficient was 0.93 with a standard deviation of the regression of
      3.1% ejection fraction units. The left ventricular ejection fractions were also
      similar: 45 +/- 14% for Ir-191m and 46 +/- 13% for Tc-99m. The left ventricular
      ejection fraction correlation coefficient was 0.96 with a standard deviation of
      the regression of 3.7%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3711487
TI  - Intertest variability of echocardiographic and chest X-ray measurements:
      implications for decision making in patients with aortic regurgitation.
AB  - Echocardiograms and chest X-ray examinations are commonly employed for serial
      measurements of left ventricular size and function in patients with chronic
      aortic insufficiency and often support or even determine therapeutic decisions.
      This study was undertaken to assess the intertest variability of these
      measurements made from M-mode echocardiograms and X-ray films performed 3 months
      apart without intervening clinical or therapeutic changes in 22 patients with
      significant but asymptomatic aortic insufficiency. End-diastolic and end-systolic
      dimensions, fractional shortening and cardiothoracic ratios were measured by the
      same reader, with the initial and 3 month tests being read both independently and
      together for comparison. The mean values for the initial and 3 month studies were
      similar, but the intertest variability was substantial, especially when the two
      tests were read independently. The 95% prediction limits are approximately 50%
      smaller when the serial studies are read together for comparison. The coefficient
      of variation for end-diastolic and end-systolic dimensions was 6.1 and 10.1%,
      respectively, and that for fractional shortening was 17.1%. These findings
      translate into 95% level prediction limits exceeding +/- 8 mm for left
      ventricular dimensions and 0.12 for fractional shortening; changes on serial
      evaluations would have to exceed these values to be considered with a high degree
      of certainty to represent more than random variability. Although this variability
      may reflect a number of biologic and technical factors, it emphasizes the need to
      be cautious in making decisions based solely on changes between two tests,
      particularly if they are not evaluated together.

PMID- 3711488
TI  - When is a change in left ventricular function significant in the asymptomatic
      patient with aortic insufficiency?

PMID- 3711489
TI  - Elevated serum D dimer: a degradation product of cross-linked fibrin (XDP) after
      intravenous streptokinase during acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - D dimer, a degradation product of cross-linked fibrin, is generated by lysis of
      fibrin but not by lysis of fibrinogen and can be reliably detected by specific
      monoclonal antibody techniques. The generation of D dimer after intravenous
      streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction was studied with the use of a
      semiquantitative latex agglutination immunoassay. This assay utilizes the
      monoclonal antibody DD-3B6/22, raised by conventional hybridoma technology,
      against a highly purified preparation of human D dimer and is adjusted to give a
      positive agglutination at a D dimer serum concentration of greater than 200 ng/ml
      (upper limit of normal). Twenty-one patients with acute transmural myocardial
      infarction of less than 3 hours' duration were studied. Fifteen patients received
      0.75 to 1.5 million U intravenous streptokinase and 6 patients were treated
      conventionally without thrombolytic therapy. An elevated serum level of D dimer
      was detected before treatment in only 1 of 15 patients receiving intravenous
      streptokinase and within 2 hours of treatment in the remaining 14 patients who
      received streptokinase. In contrast, an elevated serum D dimer level was not
      detected during the first 24 hours in any of the six conventionally treated
      patients, including two patients who manifested the clinical syndrome of
      spontaneous reperfusion. The data suggest that in patients with acute myocardial
      infarction, an elevated serum level of D dimer, a cross-linked fibrin degradation
      product occurs early after administration of a large dose of streptokinase, but
      is infrequent during the first 24 hours in conventionally treated patients with
      acute infarction. Measurement of D dimer may be potentially useful for monitoring
      thrombolysis in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3711490
TI  - The natural history of regional wall motion in the acutely infarcted canine
      ventricle.
AB  - Two-dimensional echocardiography was employed to define the natural history of
      regional wall motion abnormalities in a canine model of acute experimental
      myocardial infarction. Serial short-axis two-dimensional echocardiograms were
      recorded in 11 closed chest dogs before coronary occlusion and 10, 30, 60, 180
      and 360 minutes after permanent coronary ligation. Radiolabeled microsphere
      derived blood flows were obtained in each study period and the histochemical
      (triphenyltetrazolium chloride) extent of infarction was determined at 6 hours.
      Previously published methods were used to quantitate field by field (every 16.7
      ms) excursion of 36 evenly spaced endocardial targets. The circumferential extent
      of abnormal wall motion was followed sequentially using previously published
      definitions of abnormality: 1) systolic fractional radial change of less than
      20%; 2) dyskinesia (systolic bulging) at the point in time (echocardiographic
      field) in which there is maximal dyskinesia; and 3) correlation with composite
      normal ray motion falling outside the 95% confidence limits defined in the
      control period. On the basis of the triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining
      pattern, the ventricle was divided into five zones: central infarct zone, zone
      with greater than 25% transmural infarction, total infarct zone, border zones and
      normal zone. Mean systolic fractional radial change was calculated for each zone
      and used as an index of the magnitude of abnormal wall motion. Regardless of the
      definition of abnormality employed, the circumferential extent of abnormal wall
      motion manifested at 10 minutes after occlusion did not significantly change,
      even up to 6 hours later. Similarly, 10 minutes after coronary occlusion the
      three infarct zones and border zones demonstrated significantly reduced systolic
      fractional radial change. This remained stable over the remainder of the 6 hour
      study period. It is concluded that once established at 10 minutes after coronary
      occlusion, the circumferential extent and magnitude of abnormal wall motion do
      not significantly change in the immediate postinfarct (6 hour) period.

PMID- 3711491
TI  - Reciprocal functional interaction of adjacent myocardial segments during regional
      ischemia: an intraventricular loading phenomenon affecting apparent regional
      contractile function in the intact heart.
AB  - The mechanism of the increase in function in myocardial segments adjacent to
      those subjected to regional ischemia is not known. To investigate the hypothesis
      that changes in regional loading are an important causative factor of this
      phenomenon, 17 dogs were instrumented with segmental shortening sonomicrometers
      in the left anterior descending and circumflex artery distributions, circumflex
      coronary flow probes and cuff occluders, as well as circumflex coronary pressure
      catheters. Additionally, the animals had aortic pressure catheters and
      ventricular pressure micromanometers. This animal model allowed modulation of
      regional inotropic state with regional ischemia or isoproterenol administration.
      With circumflex coronary bed ischemia, segmental shortening in the circumflex
      distribution decreased from 11.9 to 6.3% (p = 0.001) whereas left anterior
      descending regional shortening increased from 11.6 to 13.4% (p less than 0.001).
      These reciprocal changes occurred in the absence of changes in global afterload
      or heart rate. Systemic beta-receptor blockade did not change this response,
      suggesting that it was not reflex- or catecholamine-mediated. Infusing
      isoproterenol into the circumflex coronary artery resulted in an increase in
      circumflex regional shortening from 12.5 to 17.4% (p less than 0.02) whereas left
      anterior descending regional shortening decreased from 13.5 to 8.3% (p less than
      0.001), again without change in heart rate or left ventricular or aortic
      pressure. These data suggest that reciprocal functional interaction between
      adjacent myocardial segments is a result of changes in regional afterload for the
      most part, with changes in local preload and timing of ejection also contributing
      to the observed effect.

PMID- 3711492
TI  - Transcatheter electrical shock ablation of ventricular tachycardia.
AB  - Transcatheter shock ablation of ventricular tachycardia was attempted in seven
      patients who had drug-resistant ventricular tachycardia and in one patient in
      whom ventricular tachycardia was electrophysiologically induced during therapy
      with multiple antiarrhythmic drugs. Seven patients had previous myocardial
      infarction and five of them were high risk candidates for surgical therapy. One
      patient without organic heart disease had repetitive ventricular tachycardia
      manifesting two different patterns of left bundle branch block. After endocardial
      mapping, synchronized unipolar 250 to 300 J shocks (one to six) were delivered
      between the pole recording the earliest endocardial activity during ventricular
      tachycardia (40 to 200 ms before the onset of the QRS complex) and a body surface
      electrode. Immediate complications included severe but reversible cardiogenic
      shock (one patient), nonclinical ventricular tachycardia (two patients, requiring
      cardioversion in one), transient atrioventricular and intraventricular conduction
      disturbances (three patients) and permanent left bundle branch block (one
      patient). A late complication in one patient, left heart failure, occurred 3 days
      after delivery of five intracardiac shocks. In two patients, left ventricular
      ejection fraction markedly decreased and in one of them new ventricular
      contraction abnormalities appeared. Clinical ventricular tachycardia did not
      recur in five of the seven post-myocardial infarction patients after 7 to 17
      months, and it was not inducible in the four patients undergoing late
      electrophysiologic study. In the patient with idiopathic ventricular tachycardia,
      one of the configurational types of ventricular tachycardia recurred.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3711493
TI  - Effects of magnesium sulfate on cardiac conduction and refractoriness in humans.
AB  - Magnesium has been used empirically for several decades in the treatment of
      atrial and ventricular arrhythmias in patients with normal and decreased serum
      magnesium levels. However, a systematic evaluation of the effects of magnesium on
      cardiac conduction and refractoriness in humans has not been described. In this
      study, the electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic effects of magnesium were
      determined in 10 patients with normal baseline serum magnesium and other
      electrolyte levels. Six grams of magnesium sulfate was administered intravenously
      over 6 minutes followed by a continuous infusion of 1 additional gram over 1
      hour. Serum magnesium levels rose significantly from a baseline of 2.0 +/- 0.2 to
      5.4 +/- 0.4 mg/dl (p less than 0.001). No significant change occurred in heart
      rate at rest, or in duration of the QRS complex or QT or QTc intervals during
      sinus rhythm. There were significant increases in sinus node recovery time (1,000
      +/- 211 to 1,106 +/- 223 ms, p less than 0.01) and corrected sinus node recovery
      time (279 +/- 87 to 336 +/- 104 ms, p less than 0.05). Significant increases
      occurred in atrioventricular (AV) node conduction time during sinus rhythm (82 +/
      22 to 97 +/- 17 ms, p less than 0.02), in the atrial paced cycle length at which
      AV node Wenckebach block occurred (350 +/- 46 to 419 +/- 65 ms, p less than 0.01)
      and in the AV node relative refractory period (397 +/- 27 to 422 +/- 18 ms, p
      less than 0.05), functional refractory period (395 +/- 41 to 415 +/- 33 ms, p
      less than 0.05) and effective refractory period (306 +/- 67 to 338 +/- 38 ms, p
      less than 0.05).

PMID- 3711494
TI  - The antiarrhythmic effect of nortriptyline in cardiac patients with ventricular
      premature depolarizations.
AB  - The effect of nortriptyline against ventricular arrhythmias was determined in 16
      cardiac patients with 30 or more ventricular premature depolarizations per hour.
      Nortriptyline was administered orally, 0.5 mg/kg body weight per day, and
      increased by 0.5 mg/kg per day every third day until ventricular premature
      depolarizations were suppressed (greater than or equal to 80%), adverse effects
      occurred or a total daily dose of 3.5 mg/kg per day was given. Each patient had
      daily 24 hour continuous electrocardiograms, 12 lead standard electrocardiograms
      and physical examination; blood pressure was measured in the supine and standing
      position four times a day. Each patient also had radionuclide angiography at rest
      to measure ejection fraction before and at the effective or maximal dose.
      Thirteen patients (81%) had an antiarrhythmic response and 11 met the study
      criterion of at least 80% improvement. Doses ranged from 50 to 200 mg/day (mean
      111 +/- 45), steady state plasma concentration ranged from 46 to 410 ng/ml (mean
      153 +/- 96) and half-life of elimination of nortriptyline was 4 to 22 hours (mean
      13 +/- 4). Administration of nortriptyline did not depress mean ejection fraction
      (before 42 +/- 12%, after 41 +/- 12%); it was associated with an orthostatic
      decrease in systolic blood pressure (mean -13 +/- 13 mm Hg). Nortriptyline is an
      effective antiarrhythmic agent which may be given twice a day even in patients
      with impaired ventricular function.

PMID- 3711495
TI  - Accuracy and pitfalls of Doppler evaluation of the pressure gradient in aortic
      coarctation.
AB  - Although the pressure gradient in aortic coarctation can usually be obtained by
      comparison of upper and lower limb blood pressures measured by sphygmomanometry,
      some patients may have upper or lower limb arterial compromise as a result of
      prior procedures or anomalous origin of the subclavian arteries, either of which
      may preclude accurate gradient measurement. To determine whether Doppler
      echocardiography could predict the pressure gradient, the Doppler method was used
      to predict transcoarctation gradients in 35 studies and the data were compared
      with the gradients measured at catheterization. Jet velocities were not
      adequately obtained by Doppler recording in three neonates with coarctation and
      patent ductus arteriosus, leaving 32 studies for analysis. The mean age of the
      study patients was 6 +/- 5.8 years. The mean Doppler-estimated gradient,
      calculated using only jet velocities distal to the obstruction (V2) in the
      modified Bernoulli equation, was 44 +/- 17 mm Hg, and the mean catheterization
      gradient was 36 +/- 21 mm Hg (p = NS; r = 0.91, SEE = 7.0 mm Hg; slope = 0.75, y
      = 17.3 mm Hg). The mean Doppler-estimated gradient using both the pre- and
      postcoarctation velocities (V1 and V2) in the modified Bernoulli equation (n =
      26) was 36 +/- 20 mm Hg, and the mean catheterization gradient was 36 +/- 21 mm
      Hg (p = NS; r = 0.98, SEE = 4.2 mm Hg; slope = 0.91, y = 2.8 mm Hg). Doppler
      echocardiography closely estimated the pressure gradient in aortic coarctation,
      and estimation of the gradient improved when the velocities proximal as well as
      distal to the obstruction were included in the modified Bernoulli equation.

PMID- 3711496
TI  - Doppler echocardiography in the diagnosis and management of persistent fetal
      arrhythmias.
AB  - Thirteen fetuses with persistent arrhythmias underwent combined noninvasive
      echocardiographic evaluation utilizing M-mode, two-dimensional and pulsed Doppler
      echocardiography. This group (Group A) was compared with 14 fetuses in which only
      two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiographic evaluations were performed (Group
      B). In both groups correct prenatal interpretation of the arrhythmia was
      confirmed by postnatal electrocardiograms in all surviving fetuses. Although
      Doppler echocardiography was not more sensitive than M-mode echocardiography in
      the interpretations of the arrhythmia, Doppler tracings of sufficient quality to
      analyze rate and rhythm were easier to obtain in all cases and provided
      additional information about valvular incompetence and the functional state of
      the fetal heart. Cardiac malformations and hydrops fetalis were commonly
      associated with persistent arrhythmias. Congenital heart disease occurred
      frequently (6 of 11) with complete atrioventricular (AV) block. Pulsed Doppler
      echocardiography defined the AV contraction sequence, atrial and ventricular
      rates and AV valve insufficiency, allowing rapid interpretation of fetal
      arrhythmias.

PMID- 3711497
TI  - Intracardiac electrode catheter recordings of atrioventricular bypass tracts in
      Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: techniques, electrophysiologic characteristics
      and demonstration of concealed and decremental propagation.
AB  - Atrioventricular bypass tract deflections were recorded in five patients with the
      Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome using standard, closely spaced (5 mm) electrode
      catheters. Three right paraseptal and two left-sided Kent bundles were recorded
      at the level of the tricuspid valve on the His bundle catheter and in the
      coronary sinus, respectively. Characteristics of the bypass tracts were studied
      during atrial pacing, programmed premature atrial stimulation, induction of
      supraventricular tachycardias and programmed ventricular stimulation. During
      atrial pacing, as pre-excitation increased, the stimulus to bypass tract
      deflection time remained unchanged. In five patients normalization of the QRS
      complex coincided with loss of the bypass tract deflection during incremental
      atrial pacing. Two patients demonstrated fragmentation of the bypass tract
      deflection before block. In one patient fragmentation of the bypass deflection
      coincided with normalization of the QRS complex. The effective refractory periods
      of the bypass tracts coincided with loss of bypass tract deflections in three of
      the five patients. In one patient, the effective refractory period of the bypass
      tract at its ventricular insertion preceded that at its atrial insertion, whereas
      in the remaining patient, the effective refractory period of the bypass tract was
      not attained because of atrial refractoriness. During orthodromic
      supraventricular tachycardia, the bypass tract deflections disappeared in the
      anterograde limb in all patients. In one patient, the bypass tract deflection was
      recorded during atrial fibrillation with pre-excitation. IN CONCLUSION: Bypass
      tract deflections can be recorded with a closely spaced electrode catheter. Right
      paraseptal bypass tracts are located close to the His bundle. The anterograde
      effective refractory period of the bypass tract usually reflects its atrial
      insertion, but concealment through the bypass tract can occur with block at the
      ventricular insertion. Decremental conduction within the bypass tract can occur
      before block, suggesting concealed and overt Wenckebach block within the bypass
      tract. Recordings of bypass tract deflections increase the potential of closed
      chest ablation of right paraseptal and left-sided bypass tracts.

PMID- 3711498
TI  - Bundle branch reentrant tachycardia treated by electrical ablation of the right
      bundle branch.
AB  - A 66 year old man presented with multiple episodes of tachycardia. Some had QRS
      complexes with a right bundle branch block configuration identical to those of
      sinus beats. The onset of the tachycardia was preceded by premature His bundle
      depolarizations. There was a His potential before each QRS complex of the
      tachycardia. Atrial activity was dissociated. Occasionally the appearance of
      sinus beats with a left bundle branch block pattern announced a tachycardia with
      an identical configuration and atrioventricular dissociation. His bundle activity
      occurred before the QRS complex and was followed by a right bundle branch
      deflection. A reentrant mechanism within the bundle branch system was invoked.
      One 200 J shock was delivered through an electrode catheter to the site of the
      right bundle branch. The postprocedure course was uneventful (follow-up 10
      months).

PMID- 3711499
TI  - Percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty in an adult patient with calcific rheumatic
      mitral stenosis.
AB  - A 75 year old man with long-standing rheumatic mitral stenosis who refused
      surgical intervention was treated with percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty.
      Prevalvuloplasty evaluation revealed a heavily calcified mitral valve, a mean
      transvalvular gradient of 18 mm Hg, a Fick cardiac index of 1.7 liters/min per
      m2, a mitral valve area of 0.6 cm2 and 1 + mitral regurgitation. After transeptal
      catheterization and balloon dilation of the interatrial septum with an 8 mm
      angioplasty balloon, a 25 mm valvuloplasty balloon was advanced over a guide wire
      across the interatrial septum and positioned across the mitral anulus. Subsequent
      balloon inflation at 3 atm pressure resulted in a reduction of the mean mitral
      valve gradient to 12 mm Hg, an increase in cardiac index to 2.5 liters/min per
      m2, an increase in mitral valve area in 1.4 cm2 and an increase in mitral
      regurgitation from 1 + to 2 +. Valvuloplasty was well tolerated without
      embolization of clot or valvular debris, and resulted in marked clinical
      improvement with decreased dyspnea and increased exercise tolerance. Repeat
      catheterization 2 months after valvuloplasty showed further resolution of
      pulmonary hypertension and no evidence of valvular restenosis or worsening mitral
      regurgitation, but detected a small atrial septal defect with a pulmonary to
      systemic blood flow ratio of 1.8. It is concluded that percutaneous valvuloplasty
      is possible in the adult patient with calcific rheumatic mitral stenosis, and may
      result in a significant improvement in valvular function without producing life
      threatening complications.

PMID- 3711500
TI  - Percutaneous transvenous balloon valvotomy in a patient with severe calcific
      mitral stenosis.
AB  - Percutaneous transvenous balloon mitral valvotomy was performed successfully in a
      57 year old man with refractory congestive heart failure due to calcific mitral
      stenosis. Cardiac surgery was not an option because of other major medical
      problems. Balloon mitral valvotomy was performed using the transseptal technique.
      The interatrial septum was dilated with the use of an 8 mm balloon catheter to
      allow passage of larger balloon valvotomy catheters to the mitral anulus. The
      procedure resulted in a marked decrease in the diastolic transmitral gradient
      from 20 to 4 mm Hg. This decrease was associated with an increase in cardiac
      output from 3.4 to 5.7 liters/min. Mitral valve area increased from 0.7 to 2.5
      cm2. Balloon valvotomy did not result in significant mitral regurgitation. This
      case indicates that further trials are warranted to evaluate percutaneous
      transseptal mitral valvotomy for the treatment of patients with mitral stenosis.

PMID- 3711501
TI  - Crib death.

PMID- 3711502
TI  - Endomyocardial biopsy.

PMID- 3711503
TI  - Prognostic value of exercise electrocardiogram in men at high risk of future
      coronary heart disease: Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial experience.
AB  - The prognostic value of the exercise electrocardiogram was examined in the 6,438
      usual care men of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial in relation to
      fatal and nonfatal coronary heart disease events, rest electrocardiographic
      abnormalities and coronary heart disease risk factors. An abnormal response to
      exercise, defined as an ST depression integral of 16 microV-s or more, was
      observed in 12.2% of the men. There was a nearly fourfold increase in 7 year
      coronary mortality among men with an abnormal response to exercise compared with
      men with a normal ST segment in exercise (risk ratio 3.8, 95% confidence limits
      2.5 to 5.5). The risk ratio for coronary death, adjusted for age, diastolic blood
      pressure, serum cholesterol and smoking status at baseline was 3.5, and the
      corresponding adjusted risk ratio for death from all causes was 1.6. A similar
      trend toward excess coronary events was seen for angina pectoris (risk ratio of
      1.6). The trend was not significant for nonfatal myocardial infarction.
      Multivariate analyses indicated that the ST depression integral was a strong
      independent predictor of future coronary death (p less than 0.001). Men with an
      abnormal electrocardiogram at rest (mainly high amplitude R waves) and with an
      abnormal ST response to exercise had an over sixfold relative risk for coronary
      death compared with men with an abnormal electrocardiogram at rest and a normal
      ST response to exercise. These results suggest that exercise testing may be
      indicated for improved risk assessment and the assessment of the significance of
      minor rest electrocardiographic abnormalities in middle-aged men with elevated
      levels of coronary heart disease risk factors.

PMID- 3711504
TI  - A new three-dimensional echocardiographic method of right ventricular volume
      measurement: in vitro validation.
AB  - Right ventricular volume is difficult to measure accurately from one or two views
      because the complexity of right ventricular shape invalidates simplifying
      geometric assumptions. This article describes a new three-dimensional
      echocardiographic reconstruction method of right ventricular volume calculation,
      and reports the results of testing this method in vitro using normal animal
      hearts and pathologic specimens from infants and children who died with aortic
      stenosis or hypoplastic left heart. The correlation with reference volumes was
      excellent for both groups (r = 0.98, n = 25 for the animal data; r = 0.97, n = 15
      for the human data). Given the calculated echocardiographic volume (Vc), the
      reference volume (Vr) was best estimated by the equation Vr = 1.16 Vc for the
      animal data and Vr = 0.92 Vc for the human data. Three-dimensional
      echocardiographic measurement of right ventricular volume is an accurate method
      that deserves further study and application in a clinical setting.

PMID- 3711505
TI  - Measurement of left ventricular mass in vivo using gated nuclear magnetic
      resonance imaging.
AB  - Alterations of left ventricular mass occur in a variety of congenital and
      acquired heart diseases. In vivo determination of left ventricular mass, using
      several different techniques, has been previously reported. Problems inherent in
      some previous methods include the use of ionizing radiation, complicated
      geometric assumptions and invasive techniques. We tested the ability of gated
      nuclear magnetic resonance imaging to determine in vivo left ventricular mass in
      animals. By studying both dogs (n = 9) and cats (n = 2) of various sizes, a broad
      range of left ventricular mass (7 to 133 g) was examined. With a 0.5 tesla
      superconducting nuclear magnetic resonance imaging system the left ventricle was
      imaged in the transaxial plane and multiple adjacent 10 mm thick slices were
      obtained. Endocardial and epicardial edges were manually traced in each computer
      displayed image. The wall area of each image was determined by computer and the
      areas were summed and multiplied by the slice thickness and the specific gravity
      of muscle, providing calculated left ventricular mass. Calculated left
      ventricular mass was compared with actual postmortem left ventricular mass using
      linear regression analysis. An excellent relation between calculated and actual
      mass was found (r = 0.95; SEE = 13.1 g; regression equation: magnetic resonance
      mass = 0.95 X actual mass + 14.8 g). Intraobserver and interobserver
      reproducibility were also excellent (r = 0.99). Thus, gated nuclear magnetic
      resonance imaging can accurately determine in vivo left ventricular mass in
      anesthetized animals.

PMID- 3711506
TI  - Plasma norepinephrine in exercise-induced ventricular tachycardia.
AB  - The relation between plasma norepinephrine levels and the occurrence of
      ventricular tachycardia during exercise testing was prospectively evaluated in 17
      patients. Ten patients had reproducible ventricular tachycardia exclusively
      during exercise or recovery, or both; 7 patients had ventricular tachycardia only
      during ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring. The two groups did not differ
      in age, exercise duration, left ventricular ejection fraction at rest, heart rate
      throughout the exercise protocol, rest QTc interval, change in QTc interval
      during exercise, the presence of coronary artery disease or exercise-related
      myocardial ischemia. Furthermore, there was no difference between groups in
      plasma norepinephrine levels at rest, peak exercise or in the recovery period.
      Myocardial ischemia was detectable by thallium perfusion scan in only 2 of the 10
      patients with exercise-induced ventricular tachycardia. The 10 patients with
      exercise-induced ventricular tachycardia underwent repeat exercise testing
      immediately after maximal intravenous beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol.
      Although they had no change in exercise duration, ventricular tachycardia did not
      occur in 9 of these 10 patients. Plasma norepinephrine levels were significantly
      decreased compared with levels before beta-adrenergic blockade (p less than
      0.0002). Thus, plasma norepinephrine levels do not distinguish patients with
      reproducible exercise-induced ventricular tachycardia from otherwise comparable
      patients. Propranolol is highly effective in abolishing this arrhythmia and this
      effect is associated with decreased norepinephrine levels.

PMID- 3711508
TI  - Regional vascular adjustments during recovery from myocardial infarction in rats.
AB  - Left ventricular function and systemic regional blood flow (radioactive
      microspheres, 15 +/- 5 mu) were studied 1, 3, 10 or 42 days after left coronary
      occlusion in conscious rats. One day after coronary occlusion, vascular
      resistance in the skeletal muscle and cutaneous beds increased while stroke work
      and left ventricular systolic pressure were depressed. Regional blood flow and
      hemodynamic data were similar for sham and infarction groups at 3 and 10 days
      after surgery, except for left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, which was
      significantly increased in rats with infarction (sham versus infarct: 11.5 +/-
      1.0 versus 18.4 +/- 3.2 at day 3 and 12.2 +/- 1.4 versus 19.9 +/- 3.2 at day 10)
      (p less than 0.05). At 42 days after myocardial infarction, manifest heart
      failure occurred as documented by decreased cardiac output and left ventricular
      systolic pressure and elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and
      vascular resistance in the cutaneous, skeletal muscle and renal beds. In a
      separate group of animals with moderate (33.2 +/- 2% of left ventricle) and large
      infarctions (45 +/- 1.3% of left ventricle), regional blood flow was compared
      with the sham group. Rats with a large infarct demonstrated significant (p less
      than 0.05) reduction in flow to kidney, gut and liver. In rats with a medium
      sized infarct, only renal blood flow was significantly reduced. It is concluded
      that in this model of myocardial infarction, early cardiocirculatory depression
      is followed by a partially compensated state with increased left ventricular end
      diastolic pressure and subsequent systemic and regional vasoconstriction which,
      in turn, may contribute to late deterioration of heart failure.

PMID- 3711507
TI  - In vivo measurement of myocardial mass using nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.
AB  - To examine the accuracy of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging in measuring left
      ventricular mass, measurements of left ventricular mass made using this technique
      were compared with left ventricular weight in 10 mongrel dogs. Left ventricular
      myocardial volume was measured from five short-axis end-diastolic images that
      spanned the left ventricle. Left ventricular mass was calculated from left
      ventricular myocardial volume and compared with the left ventricular weight
      determined after formalin immersion-fixation. Linear regression analysis yielded
      the following relation in grams: left ventricular mass determined using nuclear
      magnetic resonance imaging = (0.94) (left ventricular weight) + 9.1 (r = 0.98,
      SEE = 6.1 g). The small overestimation of left ventricular weight by nuclear
      magnetic resonance imaging was judged to be secondary to both difficulty with
      proper border definition and partial volume effects. Hence, this imaging
      technique can be used to obtain accurate measurements of left ventricular mass in
      dogs in vivo.

PMID- 3711509
TI  - In vivo prediction of the transmural extent of experimental acute myocardial
      infarction using contrast echocardiography.
AB  - Acute myocardial infarction progresses radially from endocardium to epicardium
      within the ischemic area. The amount of progression is highly variable, but
      depends largely on the transmural distribution of myocardial blood flow. Recent
      contrast echocardiographic observations indicate that slowly appearing low levels
      of contrast enhancement are often seen in the ischemic region, particularly in
      the epicardial level, and that ischemic regions which show these low levels of
      contrast have significantly more blood flow than those that do not. This study
      was designed to determine whether the transmural distribution of this delayed
      contrast enhancement can sufficiently discriminate between regions of high and
      low flow to serve as an in vivo predictor of the transmural extent of acute
      infarction. Twenty-four dogs had acute circumflex coronary ligation which was
      maintained for 6 hours. Contrast echocardiographic studies were performed at the
      level of the mitral chordae 2 hours after occlusion using a dilute hydrogen
      peroxide and blood solution as a contrast agent. Comparison was made with the
      pathologic infarct measured by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. The mean
      transmural extent of infarction ranged from 0 to 89% and was predicted in vivo by
      the transmural extent of the delayed contrast defect (r = 0.92; infarction
      [percent transmural] = 0.74 contrast [percent transmural] + 11%; SEE = 10%).
      Reproducibility for the transmural extent of delayed contrast defects was good (r
      = 0.89 to 0.98.) These data further support the concept that the transmural
      distribution of delayed contrast enhancement parallels blood flow and indicate
      that the mean transmural extent of acute infarction can be predicted in vivo 2
      hours after coronary occlusion from the residual contrast defect.

PMID- 3711510
TI  - Characterization of the functional border zone around regionally ischemic
      myocardium using circumferential flow-function maps.
AB  - Previous studies have suggested that there exists a functional border zone in
      myocardium at the lateral margins of an ischemic area. The functional border zone
      is normally perfused but is characterized by abnormal contractile function. To
      define the spatial characteristics of this border zone, circumferential maps of
      left ventricular function by two-dimensional echocardiography and of coronary
      flow using radioactive microspheres were generated in 18 dogs at baseline and
      after circumflex coronary occlusion. Circumferential left ventricular wall
      thickening was measured in all dogs at 22.5 degrees intervals over 360 degrees.
      In seven dogs, the pathologic slice corresponding to the two-dimensional
      echocardiographic image was circumferentially dissected into 16 segments
      corresponding to 22.5 degrees intervals and a subendocardial myocardial blood
      flow map was derived. In the other 11 dogs, autoradiography was performed of the
      pathologic slice corresponding to the two-dimensional echocardiographic image,
      and the hypoperfusion zone was directly measured. There was no difference between
      the circumferential extent of hypoperfusion zones by either perfusion measurement
      technique in the five dogs that had both techniques performed (140 +/- 12 versus
      124 +/- 7 degrees, p = NS). The hypofunctional zone by two-dimensional
      echocardiography was significantly larger than the hypoperfusion zone (174 +/- 4
      versus 125 +/- 26 degrees, p less than 0.0005), indicating that a zone of
      normally perfused but abnormally contracting muscle surrounds the ischemic area.
      However, this border zone in our model was small, measuring 49 +/- 34 degrees
      (approximately 8 to 9 mm on either lateral border). This suggests that the
      functional border zone lateral to ischemic myocardium exists, but is relatively
      discrete.

PMID- 3711511
TI  - Membranous supravalvular mitral stenosis: a treatable form of congenital heart
      disease.
AB  - The clinical data, echocardiographic findings, operative anatomy and
      postoperative follow-up were assessed in 14 patients who had surgery for
      membranous supravalvular mitral stenosis between 1978 and 1985. The patients
      ranged in age from 6 weeks to 13 years at the time of operation, and 8 of the 14
      had associated mitral valve abnormalities. Other associated lesions included
      ventricular septal defect (n = 7), coarctation of the aorta (n = 5), left
      superior vena cava (n = 6), subaortic stenosis (n = 3) and atrial septal defect
      (n = 1). Twelve of the 14 patients had successful removal of the supravalvular
      membrane, which was usually adherent to the valve, and 2 patients with associated
      mitral valve abnormalities underwent mitral valve replacement. There were no
      operative deaths. Review of preoperative two-dimensional echocardiograms, which
      were available in 11 patients, revealed two types of membranous supravalvular
      mitral stenosis in 10 patients. In four of these patients, the membrane was only
      evident after repeated stop action viewing from a single subcostal or parasternal
      location. The membrane was never seen in one patient. Eleven patients had follow
      up in excess of 1 year, and there was one late death. Eight of the remaining 10
      patients are asymptomatic, and 7 have no clinical evidence of residual mitral
      obstruction. Failure to recognize membranous supravalvular mitral stenosis can
      result in undue delay of cardiac surgery with resultant cardiopulmonary
      deterioration. Patients with evidence of left ventricular inflow obstruction
      should have extensive echocardiographic evaluation in an effort to detect
      membranous supravalvular mitral stenosis, which may be amenable to surgical
      repair.

PMID- 3711512
TI  - Exercise-induced hypertension after repair of coarctation of the aorta: arm
      versus leg exercise.
AB  - The etiology of exercise-induced upper limb hypertension after repair of
      coarctation of the aorta is unknown. We hypothesized that blood flow across the
      coarctation repair site is a major determinant of such exercise-induced
      hypertension. Because arm ergometry should produce a smaller increase in
      descending aortic blood flow than treadmill exercise, we compared the changes in
      upper limb pressure and the coarctation gradient produced by each type of
      exercise at equivalent levels of heart rate and peak oxygen consumption in 28
      children with repaired coarctation of the aorta. The children were classified
      into three groups: Group I, resting gradient less than 15 mm Hg and treadmill
      gradient less than 20 mm Hg; Group II, resting gradient less than 15 mm Hg and
      treadmill gradient greater than 20 mm Hg; and Group III, resting gradient greater
      than or equal to 15 mm Hg. Twelve children with no heart disease served as
      control subjects. All children were exercised to exhaustion with 45 minutes' rest
      between the two exercise protocols. There were no differences in maximal heart
      rate and oxygen consumption between the two types of exercise. In all groups,
      treadmill exercise produced a larger increase in arm systolic blood pressure and
      arm-leg gradient than did arm exercise. With treadmill exercise coarctation
      Groups II and III developed a greater rise in both arm-leg gradient and arm
      systolic pressure than was observed in the control subjects (p less than 0.05).
      However, with arm exercise, Group III developed a significantly greater rise in
      both arm pressure and arm-leg gradient (p less than 0.05) than was observed in
      the control subjects.

PMID- 3711513
TI  - Persistent ventricular adaptations in postoperative coarctation of the aorta.
AB  - To evaluate ventricular performance and myocardial contractility after surgical
      correction of congenital coarctation of the aorta, we studied 25 patients (16 men
      and 9 women, mean age 26.1 years [range 19 to 34]), an average of 10.6 years
      (range 2 to 25) after repair. Radionuclide ventriculography at rest and exercise
      and digitized, quantitative two-dimensional echocardiography were performed. Data
      from derived, high resolution time-activity curves by radionuclide
      ventriculography, combined with noninvasive hemodynamic/ventricular volume data,
      were compared with values in an age- and sex-matched normal population. Despite
      essentially identical baseline and exercise hemodynamics, postoperative
      coarctation subjects demonstrated enhanced ventricular contraction, as determined
      by the peak ejection rate at rest (-3.79 versus -3.20 stroke volume/s, p less
      than 0.01) and exercise (-3.00 versus -2.90 stroke volume/s, p = NS), and overall
      ejection fraction at rest (56.4 versus 48.0%, p less than 0.01) and exercise
      (70.8 versus 59.3%, p less than 0.01). An intrinsic activation-contraction delay
      was observed, as illustrated by a prolonged time to peak ejection rate at rest
      (27.7 versus 21.5% of the RR interval, p less than 0.01) and exercise (28.4
      versus 21.2% of the RR interval, p less than 0.01), and total systolic time at
      rest (50.2 versus 43.4% of the RR interval, p less than 0.01) and exercise (56.8
      versus 50.4% of the RR interval, p less than 0.01). Although left ventricular
      meridinal wall stress was statistically indistinguishable (62 versus 74 mm
      Hg/mm2, p = NS), intrinsic myocardial contractility, as assessed by the peak
      systolic pressure/volume ratio, was increased in the postoperative coarctation
      group (1.88 versus 2.87 mm Hg/ml, p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3711514
TI  - Incidence and distribution of left ventricular false tendons: an autopsy study of
      483 normal human hearts.
AB  - The incidence and distribution of left ventricular false tendons were studied in
      a series of 483 autopsy specimens of human hearts from subjects evenly
      distributed by sex and age. False tendons were observed in 265 specimens (55%),
      and their incidence was greater in hearts from male than from female subjects (61
      versus 49%; p less than 0.01). Neither the incidence nor the location of false
      tendons varied appreciably with age. Of the 265 specimens containing false
      tendons, 100 (38%) exhibited 2 or more, such that the total number of false
      tendons identified was 414. Of these 414, 272 (66%) were located between the
      posteromedial papillary muscle and the ventricular septum, 49 (12%) between the
      two papillary muscles, 47 (11%) between the anterolateral papillary muscle and
      the ventricular septum, 38 (9%) between the free wall and the septum and 3 (less
      than 1%) between two aspects of the free wall; 5 (1%) had three or more points of
      insertion and formed weblike structures. False tendons are common anatomic
      variants of the normal human left ventricle which may be detected by two
      dimensional echocardiography and should not be misinterpreted as pathologic
      structures such as flail mitral chordae tendineae or mural thrombi.

PMID- 3711515
TI  - Laser angioplasty with angioscopic guidance in humans.
AB  - An experimental study was conducted in 11 patients to evaluate the immediate
      effects of laser recanalization during peripheral arterial bypass surgery.
      Angioscopy allowed precise localization and identification of the occlusion. A 1
      or 2 mm optical fiber probe was used. Laser energy was regulated using the least
      amount of energy necessary for recanalization. New vascular channels were made in
      10 of the 11 patients. After recanalization the arterial segment was excised for
      histologic evaluation. Smaller channel diameters were made with the 1 mm probe
      (1.5 +/- 0.6 mm) than with the 2 mm probe (3 +/- 0.3 mm) (p less than 0.05). Flow
      through channels (mean pressure 80 mm Hg) made with the 2 mm probe was greater
      than that through channels made with the 1 mm probe (150 +/- 102 versus 19.7 +/-
      10 cc/min) (p less than 0.05). The amount of debris formed was small with both
      probes. Vascular perforations were less frequent with the 2 mm probe (two of nine
      arteries) compared with the 1 mm probe (four of four arteries). Successful
      recanalization with flow rates expected to maintain vascular patency was achieved
      only with the 2 mm probe. Histologic studies at nonperforated sites demonstrated
      that the elastica of the artery appeared to be preserved whereas the overlying
      plaque and underlying media were thermally disrupted. This suggests that the
      elastic tissue acts as an optical window allowing the argon beam to go through it
      without causing morphologic damage. Except for fresh thrombus, atheromas
      including calcific plaque and old organized thrombus were readily vaporized.
      These results are encouraging for the use of the laser for vascular
      recanalization in humans.

PMID- 3711516
TI  - Thermal effects of laser and electrical discharge on cardiovascular tissue:
      implications for coronary artery recanalization and endocardial ablation.
AB  - To determine the thermal responses of cardiovascular tissues to laser and
      electrical ablation, and to characterize the effects of different superfusing
      media and temperatures on target tissue temperatures and resulting extent of
      tissue injury, 184 laser and 15 electrical discharges were delivered to segments
      of human and canine aorta and canine ventricular endocardium. Tissue temperatures
      were measured 2 mm from the point of contact of laser fiber tip and tissue. When
      superfusing media consisted of whole blood or plasma at room temperature, a
      standard 40 J laser discharge caused peak arterial temperatures to rise 29.2 +/-
      1.6 degrees C and 30 +/- 1.4 degrees C, respectively; however, tissue cooling was
      significantly slower in blood than in plasma. When saline solution was
      superfused, tissue temperatures rose by 11.4 +/- 2.2 degrees C, and tissue
      cooling occurred significantly faster than with either plasma or blood. The
      dimensions of the resulting aortic lesions were larger when blood (1.69 +/- 0.26
      mm) was superfused than when plasma (1.39 +/- 0.04 mm) or saline (0.77 +/- 0.13
      mm) was superfused (p less than 0.0001). Similar findings were observed with
      ventricular endocardium using blood or saline as the superfusing medium. In
      arterial tissue, superfusion with cold blood or saline solution resulted in lower
      peak temperature elevations (22 +/- 3.8 degrees C and 13.5 +/- 1.3 degrees C,
      respectively) and faster tissue cooling after laser discharge. Corresponding
      aortic lesion sizes were significantly smaller (1.4 +/- 0.03 and 0.5 +/- 0.02 mm,
      respectively) than when blood or saline medium was superfused at room temperature
      (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3711517
TI  - Perioperative and long-term results after electrophysiologically directed
      ventricular surgery for recurrent ventricular tachycardia.
AB  - Thirty-six patients underwent ventricular aneurysmectomy and
      electrophysiologically directed endocardial resection for treatment of recurrent
      ventricular tachycardia refractory to antiarrhythmic drug therapy. The surgical
      mortality rate was 17% and all 30 patients discharged from the hospital were
      alive at the end of the follow-up period (range 6 to 54 months), yielding a
      cumulative projected survival rate of 83% by actuarial analysis. Poor systolic
      function of the nonaneurysmal ventricular segments was the strongest and the only
      independent predictor of operative mortality among the clinical, hemodynamic,
      angiographic and electrophysiologic variables analyzed by stepwise logistic
      regression. Ventricular tachycardia recurred early in four of the six patients in
      whom the endocardial resection was limited to a small area for technical reasons.
      Twelve patients, including 10 with sustained ventricular tachycardia still
      inducible by postsurgical programmed electrical stimulation, were discharged
      receiving antiarrhythmic drugs that had been tried unsuccessfully before surgery.
      During a mean follow-up period of 25 +/- 15 months, nonfatal sustained
      ventricular tachycardia recurred in two patients after discharge. Inadequate
      endocardial resection was a significant predictor of arrhythmia recurrence.

PMID- 3711518
TI  - Amiodarone and desethylamiodarone distribution in the atrium and adipose tissue
      of patients undergoing short- and long-term treatment with amiodarone.
AB  - The time to onset of action of amiodarone is often long in patients treated for
      arrhythmias; one reason might be a slow entry of the drug into the target organ,
      the heart. Amiodarone and desethylamiodarone, its active metabolite, were
      measured in the plasma, atrial tissue and pericardial fat of patients undergoing
      cardiac surgery. Two groups were studied: patients treated with amiodarone for
      less than 28 days (short-term group) and those treated for 28 days or more (long
      term group). Plasma levels of amiodarone in the two groups were not different,
      whereas levels of desethylamiodarone were significantly higher in the long-term
      group. Average concentrations of amiodarone in the atrium were higher with longer
      treatment periods (30.2 +/- 5.6 versus 13.2 +/- 2.5 micrograms/g wet weight of
      tissue); the same was true for desethylamiodarone (40.3 +/- 7.7 versus 15.7 +/-
      3.7 micrograms/g). Amiodarone concentrations in fat were also significantly
      higher in the long-term than in the short-term group. Atrium/plasma concentration
      ratios of desethylamiodarone were higher than those of amiodarone, whereas fat
      plasma concentration ratios of desethylamiodarone were lower. In conclusion, the
      equilibration of amiodarone and desethylamiodarone concentrations between
      myocardium and plasma appears to occur slowly in patients undergoing long-term
      treatment with amiodarone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3711519
TI  - Flecainide: steady state electrophysiologic effects in patients with remote
      myocardial infarction and inducible sustained ventricular arrhythmia.
AB  - The effect of flecainide in 24 patients with inducible sustained ventricular
      arrhythmia and a history of remote myocardial infarction was determined.
      Flecainide was administered in oral doses individually adjusted to suppress all
      spontaneous ventricular tachycardia and 80% of ventricular premature complexes on
      24 hour ambulatory (Holter) electrocardiography. Antiarrhythmic therapy, as
      assessed by Holter monitoring, was adequate in 20 (83%) of the study patients at
      a mean dose of 144 +/- 28 mg every 12 hours; the mean plasma flecainide level was
      583 +/- 329 ng/ml. In 18 patients, the mean sinus cycle length, sinus node
      recovery time and atrial, atrioventricular nodal and ventricular refractory
      periods were unchanged. The AH interval increased by 15 +/- 15%, the HV interval
      by 35 +/- 32% and the QRS duration by 24 +/- 21%. Toxicity or failure to suppress
      ventricular premature complexes and ventricular tachycardia by Holter monitoring
      precluded electrophysiologic study with flecainide in four patients; two patients
      refused electrophysiologic study with flecainide for nonmedical reasons.
      Ventricular tachycardia was not inducible in 4 (22%) of 18 patients receiving
      flecainide. Sustained arrhythmia remained inducible in 14 patients (78%) despite
      evidence of antiarrhythmic efficacy on Holter monitoring, but the rate of the
      induced ventricular tachycardia was slower and symptoms were alleviated during
      ventricular tachycardia in 10 (56%) of 18 patients. The 4 patients who had no
      inducible ventricular tachycardia with flecainide, and the 10 patients who had
      inducible ventricular tachycardia with a longer cycle length and alleviation of
      their symptoms, have been followed up as outpatients for 16 +/- 7
      months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3711520
TI  - Combined use of warfarin and adjusted subcutaneous heparin during pregnancy in
      patients with an artificial heart valve.
AB  - Adjusted subcutaneous heparin was used for thromboembolism prophylaxis during 18
      pregnancies in 16 women with an artificial heart valve. Oral warfarin was
      replaced by subcutaneous heparin as soon as pregnancy was confirmed. The dosage
      of heparin was adjusted to maintain a partial thromboplastin time at 1.5 times
      the control value and treatment was administered during the first trimester and
      the last 3 weeks of gestation. Warfarin was used between the 13th and 37th week.
      There were no maternal thromboembolic complications and none of the live-born
      infants showed congenital malformations, indicating that this regimen is
      effective. However, there were nine spontaneous abortions, including five that
      occurred in the first 12 weeks. The early abortions were probably related to
      warfarin exposure at the beginning of pregnancy. The preconception replacement of
      warfarin by heparin in these patients may be indicated.

PMID- 3711521
TI  - Atrial dissociation: an electrophysiologic finding in a patient with
      transposition of the great arteries.
AB  - Complete interatrial block with two independent atrial rhythms is demonstrated by
      intracardiac electrograms in a patient with transposition of the great arteries
      who had undergone a Mustard operation. The atrial conduction abnormalities
      produced by the Mustard procedure with subsequent baffle revision are related to
      damaged anatomic interatrial connections and are similar to conduction
      abnormalities produced in experimental models of interatrial block.

PMID- 3711522
TI  - Radiation-induced coronary artery disease.
AB  - This report describes three patients who developed myocardial infarction at an
      untimely age, 4 to 12 years after radiation therapy for Hodgkin's disease. These
      cases lend credence to the cause and effect relation of such therapy to coronary
      artery disease.

PMID- 3711523
TI  - Speculation regarding mechanisms responsible for acute ischemic heart disease
      syndromes.

PMID- 3711524
TI  - Myocardial perfusion imaging: contrast echocardiography today and tomorrow.

PMID- 3711525
TI  - Laser angioplasty and atherosclerosis.

PMID- 3711526
TI  - Manipulating the aT-eT.

PMID- 3711527
TI  - Further observations on junctional rhythm: role of verapamil.

PMID- 3711528
TI  - Transient right axis deviation during acute anterior wall infarction or ischemia:
      electrocardiographic and angiographic correlation.
AB  - Eleven patients, three with acute anterior myocardial infarction and eight with
      anterior ischemia, who developed transient right axis deviation with a left
      posterior hemiblock pattern during the acute phase of myocardial infarction or
      ischemia are described (study group). A correlation between their
      electrocardiographic pattern and the angiographic findings was made. The
      arteriographic findings were compared with those of a group of 24 patients with
      acute anterior myocardial infarction or ischemia without transient right axis
      deviation (control group). The main electrocardiographic characteristics of the
      right axis deviation pattern were: an average shift of the mean frontal axis to
      the right of 42 degrees (10 degrees to 94 degrees); increased voltage of R waves
      in leads II, III and a VF and appearance of small Q waves or decreased voltage of
      Q waves if previously present in the same leads; decreased voltage of R waves and
      appearance of deep S waves in lead aVL; and inverted T waves and isoelectric ST
      segments in leads II, III and aVF. Coronary angiography revealed that the study
      group had a higher incidence of significant right coronary artery obstruction and
      collateral circulation between the left coronary system and the posterior
      descending artery than did the control group (100 versus 25% and 73 versus 0%,
      respectively; p less than 0.01). There were no differences between the groups
      regarding left anterior descending and circumflex artery disease.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3711529
TI  - Long-term reproducibility and significance of provokable ventricular arrhythmias
      after myocardial infarction.
AB  - The long-term reproducibility and significance of inducible ventricular
      arrhythmias were assessed in 21 survivors of a myocardial infarction. Programmed
      ventricular stimulation performed a mean of 12 +/- 2 days (range 8 to 18) after
      infarction provoked ventricular fibrillation in 2 patients, sustained monomorphic
      ventricular tachycardia in 8 and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia in 11.
      Patients were restudied using the same protocol a mean of 8 +/- 2 months (range 4
      to 11) after infarction. All patients underwent programmed ventricular
      stimulation studies in the absence of antiarrhythmic drug treatment. Ventricular
      tachyarrhythmias could be reinitiated in 16 patients (76%): ventricular
      fibrillation in 2, sustained ventricular tachycardia in 5 (monomorphic in 4) and
      nonsustained ventricular tachycardia in 9. A preponderance of inferior infarction
      was observed among patients with reinducible tachycardias (9 of 16 patients
      versus 0 of 5 with noninducible tachycardias) (p less than 0.05). No significant
      difference existed between patients with and without reinducible arrhythmias with
      respect to severity of coronary artery disease, degree of left ventricular
      dysfunction, occurrence of ventricular fibrillation in the acute phase of
      infarction and ventricular arrhythmias detected by 24 hour ambulatory
      electrocardiographic (Holter) monitoring. There was no significant difference
      between patients with and without a positive late study in stimulation
      thresholds, ventricular refractory periods, time interval between initial and
      repeat testing and use of beta-adrenergic blocking agents. During a mean follow
      up period of 17 months (range 10 to 23) one patient with inducible sustained
      monomorphic ventricular tachycardia at both studies died suddenly. The remaining
      patients have survived follow-up without experiencing an arrhythmic
      event.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3711530
TI  - Relative value of clinical variables, bicycle ergometry, rest radionuclide
      ventriculography and 24 hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring at
      discharge to predict 1 year survival after myocardial infarction.
AB  - The relative value of predischarge clinical variables, bicycle ergometry,
      radionuclide ventriculography and 24 hour ambulatory electrocardiographic
      monitoring for predicting survival during the first year in 351 hospital
      survivors of acute myocardial infarction was assessed. Discriminant function
      analysis showed that in patients eligible for stress testing the extent of blood
      pressure increase during exercise slightly improved the predictive accuracy
      beyond that of simple clinical variables (history of previous myocardial
      infarction, persistent heart failure after the acute phase of infarction and use
      of digitalis at discharge), whereas radionuclide ventriculography and 24 hour
      electrocardiographic monitoring did not. The predictive value for mortality was
      12% with clinical variables alone and 15% with the stress test added.
      Radionuclide ventriculography and 24 hour electrocardiographic monitoring were
      slightly additive to clinical information in the whole group of patients
      independent of the eligibility for stress testing (predictive value for mortality
      24% with clinical variables alone and 26% with radionuclide ejection fraction and
      24 hour electrocardiographic monitoring added). It is concluded that the
      appropriate use of simple clinical variables and stress testing is sufficient for
      risk stratification in postinfarction patients, whereas radionuclide
      ventriculography and 24 hour electrocardiographic monitoring should be limited to
      patients not eligible for stress testing.

PMID- 3711531
TI  - Postinfarction risk profiling: past, present and future considerations.

PMID- 3711532
TI  - Peripartum cardiomyopathy: clinical, hemodynamic, histologic and prognostic
      characteristics.
AB  - Peripartum cardiomyopathy is defined as left ventricular dilation and failure,
      first developing during the third trimester of pregnancy or in the first 6 months
      postpartum. In an effort to characterize this syndrome in a middle class
      population, 14 consecutive patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy underwent a
      detailed history and physical examination, right heart catheterization, M-mode
      and two-dimensional echocardiography, radionuclide ventriculography and right
      ventricular endomyocardial biopsy. These patients were then observed with
      sequential noninvasive studies to determine prognostic indicators. Eight (57%) of
      these 14 patients were primiparous and an equal number first presented with heart
      failure concomitant with or immediately before the onset of labor. When these
      women were compared with 55 patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, only
      mean age at onset of symptoms (28.7 +/- 5.7 versus 48.2 +/- 13.6 years, p less
      than 0.001) and symptom duration (4.1 +/- 7.7 versus 19.0 +/- 18.4 months, p less
      than 0.001) differed between the groups. There was no difference in ventricular
      arrhythmia, left ventricular chamber size, ejection fraction or hemodynamics.
      Myocyte histologic findings were similar; however, myocarditis was identified in
      29% of patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy and in only 9% of those with
      idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. In all patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy
      and myocarditis, the myocardial biopsy was performed within 1 week of onset of
      symptoms. Seven (50%) of the patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy had dramatic
      improvement within 6 weeks of follow-up, and 6 (43%) died.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3711533
TI  - Phase analysis of gated blood pool scintigraphic images to localize bypass tracts
      in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.
AB  - The ability of radionuclide techniques to localize bypass tracts in patients with
      Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome to sites around the atrioventricular (AV) ring
      using a three view triangulation method was investigated. In 17 patients with
      Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, phase images were generated from gated blood pool
      scans using the first Fourier harmonic of the time-activity curve of each pixel.
      In addition, the difference between left and right ventricular mean phase angles
      was calculated for each patient and for 13 control subjects. Bypass tracts were
      localized to one or more sites on a 10 site grid schematically superimposed on
      the AV ring (Duke grid) by electrophysiologic study in all patients and by
      intraoperative mapping in 7 of the 17 patients. These same 10 anatomic sites were
      projected onto three scintigraphic views and the site of earliest ventricular
      phase angle was located in each view. The 10 sites around the AV ring were
      divided into two anatomic groups: free wall and septal/paraseptal. Phase image
      locations correlated with electrophysiologic locations within one grid site in 11
      of 11 patients with free wall tracts and were confirmed at surgery in 5 of the
      11. In five of six patients with septal/paraseptal tracts, electrophysiologic
      study could not localize the bypass tract to one site, whereas phase images
      localized two of the five as free wall adjacent to the septum, one as paraseptal
      and two as true posteroseptal. One posteroseptal site was confirmed at surgery.
      In one patient, in whom phase image analysis and electrophysiologic study showed
      different sites, existence of both tracts was confirmed at surgery.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3711534
TI  - Thallium-201 myocardial imaging during pharmacologic coronary vasodilation:
      comparison of oral and intravenous administration of dipyridamole.
AB  - Although the diagnostic utility of thallium-201 myocardial imaging after
      dipyridamole infusion is well established, the intravenous form of the drug is
      not yet commercially available in North America. Fifty patients referred for
      coronary angiography were prospectively studied. Within a 2 week period, each
      patient underwent cardiac catheterization and thallium-201 myocardial imaging
      after both oral and intravenous dipyridamole administration. For the oral
      protocol, patients were randomly assigned to treatment with either 200 or 400 mg
      of dipyridamole in tablet form. Coronary artery stenoses of 70% or greater were
      considered significant. For the 25 patients who received a 200 mg oral dose of
      dipyridamole, the scintigraphic study showed perfusion defects in 65% of patients
      with significant coronary artery disease after the oral dose and in 85% of
      patients after the intravenous dose. For the 25 patients who received a 400 mg
      oral dose, the sensitivity of the scintigram was 84% after the oral dose and 79%
      after the intravenous dose. Except for headache and nausea, side effects were
      less severe and less frequent with oral (either 200 or 400 mg) than with
      intravenous dipyridamole. Because of the delayed and variable absorption of
      dipyridamole tablets, the oral studies required a longer period of medical
      supervision (45 to 60 minutes), and aminophylline was empirically administered
      after completion of the first set of thallium-201 images. It is concluded from
      this study that thallium-201 myocardial imaging after coronary vasodilation with
      a 400 mg oral dose of dipyridamole is a safe, widely available and reliable
      alternative for the evaluation of coronary artery disease in patients unable to
      achieve an adequate exercise level on stress testing.

PMID- 3711535
TI  - Transient myocardial dysfunction during pharmacologic vasodilation as an index of
      reduced coronary reserve: a coronary hemodynamic and echocardiographic study.
AB  - Regional coronary flow reserve and regional myocardial contractility were
      evaluated in 29 patients after maximal pharmacologic coronary vasodilation
      (intravenous dipyridamole, 0.56 mg/kg body weight, administered over 4 minutes).
      Nineteen patients had a severe (80 to 99%) proximal and isolated stenosis of the
      left anterior descending coronary artery and 10 patients had normal coronary
      arteries; all had normal ventricular function under rest conditions. Myocardial
      contractility was assessed by means of continuous two-dimensional
      echocardiographic monitoring; coronary reserve was evaluated by coronary sinus
      thermodilution. After dipyridamole infusion, 9 of the 19 patients with left
      anterior descending artery stenosis had transient myocardial asynergy involving
      the septum or apex, or both (Group IA), whereas 10 patients showed no asynergy
      (Group IB). No impairment of contractility was observed in the 10 patients with
      normal coronary arteries (Group II). Coronary blood flow was measured under basal
      conditions and up to 10 minutes after the end of dipyridamole infusion. In
      patients in Group II, dipyridamole induced an increase in great cardiac vein flow
      of 167 +/- 68% (mean +/- SD). The 10 patients in Group IB showed a response
      comparable with that of the control group (Group II) (136 +/- 45% increase in
      great cardiac vein flow; NS versus Group II), whereas the 9 patients in Group IA
      had an increase of 46 +/- 30% (p less than 0.01 versus both Group IB and Group
      II). No significant difference was found in the angiographic severity of the
      stenosis expressed in terms of minimal cross-sectional area (Group IA = 0.30 +/-
      0.13 mm2, Group IB = 0.34 +/- 0.18 mm2; p = NS).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3711536
TI  - Assessing coronary stenosis severity--a recurrent clinical need.

PMID- 3711538
TI  - The Fourth USA/USSR Symposium on Sudden Cardiac Death. Birmingham, April 8-10,
      1985.

PMID- 3711537
TI  - Regional variability in the myocardial clearance of thallium-201 and its
      importance in determining the presence or absence of coronary artery disease.
AB  - There are several limitations in using absolute myocardial clearance of thallium
      201 for the detection of coronary artery disease. Noncardiac factors such as peak
      exercise heart rate and blood level of thallium can affect its absolute
      myocardial clearance. However, because all myocardial segments in a given heart
      are exposed to the same noncardiac factors, a relative difference in myocardial
      clearance of thallium between segments could reflect the presence of coronary
      artery disease. Accordingly, myocardial clearance of thallium was analyzed in 370
      patients. Patients in Group I (n = 45) had less than 1% probability of having
      coronary artery disease, patients in Group II (n = 44) had normal coronary
      arteries and patients in Group III (n = 281) had coronary artery disease.
      Although mean myocardial clearance of thallium in 15 myocardial segments in three
      views in Group I subjects was 3.4 +/- 0.7 hours, the variability between the
      slowest and fastest clearing segments in the same subject was as much as 98%.
      This variability was systematic, suggesting technical reasons associated with
      imaging as the cause of the variability: 78% of the slowest clearing segments
      were basal whereas 53% of the fastest clearing segments were apical (p less than
      0.01). When Group II and III patients were compared based on Group I values, the
      absolute myocardial clearance of thallium had a sensitivity and specificity of 92
      and 16%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3711539
TI  - Degenerative lesions of a coronary chemoreceptor and nearby neural elements in
      the hearts of victims of sudden death.
AB  - A coronary chemoreceptor and its neighboring nerves and ganglia were studied by
      serial section from the hearts of 11 victims of sudden unexpected death. Either
      focal or extensive inflammatory destruction was present in the chemoreceptors of
      10 of the 11 hearts, and similar abnormalities of local nerves and ganglia were
      present in all 11 hearts. Because an identical coronary chemoreceptor in the dog
      has previously been shown to be the site of origin of a powerful reflex with
      major influence on the electrical activity of the heart, the functional
      significance of the neural abnormalities found in these 11 human hearts may
      include important distortion of cardiac rhythm, conduction or repolarization.
      Future studies are needed to determine the prevalence of such lesions in the
      hearts of other victims of sudden death and among control subjects, as well as to
      determine the etiology of this special neuropathology of the heart.

PMID- 3711540
TI  - Ultrastructural and histochemical observations in human and experimental
      alcoholic cardiomyopathy.
AB  - The morphologic features of alcoholic cardiomyopathy in human sudden death
      compared with those of experimental alcoholic cardiomyopathy (6 weeks of alcohol
      administration and simultaneous inhibition of catalase activity) proved to be
      nearly identical. Regular and similar alterations in alcoholic cardiomyopathy in
      both human victims of sudden death and experimental rats are described as a
      complex of alterations characteristic of alcoholic cardiomyopathy. This complex
      of changes was used as the basis for morphologic diagnosis of endomyocardial
      biopsy in two groups of patients: I) chronic alcoholics (second to third stages),
      and II) patients with clinically diagnosed congestive cardiomyopathy. Typical
      signs of alcoholic cardiomyopathy were found in 9 of the 11 patients in the first
      group and in 6 of 18 in the second group. The fact that the features of alcoholic
      cardiomyopathy were not found in all cases of chronic alcoholism supports the
      hypothesis that the administration of alcohol itself is not sufficient for the
      development of this disease. The level of enzyme activity in the metabolism of
      alcohol appears to be of great importance. This hypothesis is confirmed by
      experiments with rats in which this disease developed only when there was
      simultaneous alcohol administration and inhibition of catalase activity.
      Histochemical study showed that the alterations of enzyme (both energetic and
      alcohol metabolism) in rats were similar to those found in the biopsy specimens
      from patients with alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Certain questions regarding the
      pathogenesis of alcoholic cardiomyopathy are discussed.

PMID- 3711541
TI  - Alcoholic cardiomyopathy and sudden cardiac death.
AB  - Seven hundred fifty-two cases of instantaneous sudden cardiac death were studied.
      Alcoholic cardiomyopathy was found in 127 cases (16.9%), predominantly in men
      under age 50 (73%). The heart was enlarged, with an average mass of 441 +/- 8 g.
      Light microscopy revealed uneven thinning and atrophy of the cardiomyocytes, with
      fatty infiltration and development of fatty tissue around the vessels of the left
      ventricle and interventricular septum, up to the subendocardial areas. In the
      majority of cardiomyocytes, electron microscopy showed atrophy of the myofibrils,
      pronounced dilation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, lipids in the cytoplasm,
      mitochondriosis and an increased number of lysosomes and alterations of the
      mitochondria. Unchanged cardiomyocytes were characterized by hypertrophy and
      numerous ribosomes, and had developed a granular endoplasmic reticulum. Also
      observed were interstitial edema, an enlarged cardiomyocyte-capillary space,
      thinning of the capillary walls, flattening of the endothelium and a plethora and
      aggregation of erythrocytes. Decreases in mitochondrial enzyme activity were
      studied by enzyme histochemistry. Analogous pathologic changes may be
      individually present in other types of myocardial disease, but the complex of
      changes is specific for alcoholic cardiomyopathy. The frequency of alcoholic
      cardiomyopathy among victims of sudden death suggests that alcoholic
      cardiomyopathy is a risk factor for sudden cardiac death.

PMID- 3711542
TI  - Effect of repetitive brief episodes of ischemia on cell volume, electrolytes and
      ultrastructure.
AB  - The effects of repeated brief episodes of ischemia on myocardial cell volume,
      electrolytes and ultrastructure were studied in dogs. Seventeen animals were
      divided into five groups. Group 1 underwent a single 10 minute occlusion of the
      circumflex coronary artery, with no subsequent reperfusion. Group 2 was similarly
      subjected to a 10 minute coronary occlusion, but was allowed a 20 minute
      reperfusion period. Group 3 underwent two 10 minute occlusions separated by 20
      minutes of reperfusion and Group 4 underwent four 10 minute occlusions, each
      separated from the next by 20 minutes of reperfusion. Group 5 was subjected to a
      single, uninterrupted 40 minute occlusion. The anterior and posterior papillary
      muscles in each heart were sampled to compare nonischemic versus ischemic
      myocardium. No changes in myocardial water or electrolytes occurred during
      ischemia. However, reperfusion was associated with slight increases in tissue
      water and potassium, loss of magnesium and minimal changes in sodium or calcium
      ions. Electron microscopic analysis revealed signs of mild ischemic injury
      (absence of normal intramitochondrial granules, partial loss of glycogen and
      slight clumping of the nuclear chromatin) in posterior papillary muscle from
      Groups 1, 3 and 4. Group 2 showed complete recovery with 20 minutes of
      reperfusion, whereas Group 5 showed evidence of irreversible injury. There was no
      difference in the appearance of myocardium that had been subjected to one, two or
      four 10 minute occlusions. It is concluded that intermittent periods of
      reperfusion between brief episodes of coronary ischemia have a protective effect
      and prevent a cumulative deterioration of myocardial ultrastructure.

PMID- 3711543
TI  - Mechanisms of coronary spasm of isolated human epicardial coronary segments
      excised 3 to 5 hours after sudden death.
AB  - Isolated segments of epicardial coronary artery with and without severe
      atherosclerotic lesions excised from human hearts 3 to 5 hours after sudden
      coronary death demonstrated spontaneous contractile activity that was dependent
      on the external calcium level and was inhibited by calcium antagonists and
      activation of beta-adrenoceptors (isoproterenol and high concentrations of
      norepinephrine). Isoproterenol, with a median effective dose (ED50) of 6.3 X 10(
      7) M, relaxed coronary segments that had been precontracted with 30 mM potassium.
      Stimulation of the alpha-adrenoceptors activated spontaneous contractions and
      increased tension. Norepinephrine ED50 (in the presence of 10(-6) M propranolol)
      was 2.3 X 10(-7) M, and tension at a maximal concentration of 10(-4) M was 385.4
      +/- 51.4 mg. The ED50 for acetylcholine and histamine, the potent activators of
      coronary segment tone and phasic contractility, was 3.98 X 10(-7) and 8.9 X 10(
      7) M, respectively; the maximal increase in tension was 1,079.5 +/- 175 (at 10(
      4) M) and 1,131.3 +/- 302 mg (at 10(-5) M), respectively. Acetylcholine and
      histamine increased whereas high concentrations of norepinephrine failed to
      inhibit rhythmic activity and tension of coronary artery segments with severe
      atherosclerotic lesions. Membrane electrogenic mechanisms and ways of activating
      the contractile elements of human coronary artery smooth muscle are discussed.

PMID- 3711544
TI  - Changes in neural and humoral mechanisms of the heart in sudden death due to
      myocardial abnormalities.
AB  - Quantitative neurohistochemical study of adrenergic elements of the myocardium
      and the adrenal medulla in victims of sudden death revealed an unequal and focal
      depletion of catecholamines attributable to prior pathologic processes in the
      myocardium. The greatest changes in cardiac innervation were found in cases of
      acute myocardial infarction and alcoholic cardiomyopathy, and the adrenergic
      plexuses were better preserved in cases of coronary heart disease without focal
      myocardial changes. Ultrastructural study of cardiac innervation in patients who
      died suddenly showed more pronounced changes in the nerve plexuses of the sinus
      node than in the perinodal nerves of the working myocardium. The changes in
      coronary artery innervation were usually related to the severity of stenosis due
      to fibrous plaque; desympathization of the vessels and the adjoining myocardial
      zone was also found in cases with 50% or greater occlusion of the lumen. The bulk
      of chromaffinocytes were depleted and weakly luminescent in the adrenal glands of
      patients with acute myocardial infarction who died suddenly. In contrast,
      chromaffinocytes with moderate and bright luminescence were prevalent in cases of
      sudden death with scarring from previous myocardial infarction and with alcoholic
      cardiomyopathy. Ultrastructural and histochemical examinations demonstrated that
      changes in the neurons of sympathetic ganglia increased with more severe
      atherosclerotic lesions of the aorta and with greater changes in the vessels
      supplying the ganglia. In experiments on rabbits and dogs, both coronary artery
      ligation and electrostimulation produced cardiac fibrillation followed by a local
      increase in luminescence intensity of the myocardial nerve plexuses when their
      density remained high. Chemoreceptors located along the coronary vessels and
      pulmonary artery in dogs included small cells with bright fluorescence and
      adrenergic nerve fibers.

PMID- 3711545
TI  - Role of sarcolemmal-bound calcium in regulation of myocardial contractile force.
AB  - A rapidly exchangeable component of cellular calcium plays a significant role in
      the control of force development in heart muscle. Recently completed studies
      indicate that a large fraction of this calcium is bound to sites on the
      sarcolemma: The curve that relates extracellular calcium ([Ca]0)(from 50 microM
      to 10 mM) to force development and the one that relates [Ca]0 to calcium bound to
      a highly purified sarcolemmal fraction are superimposable. The ability of a
      series of cations (lanthanum, cadmium, manganese, magnesium) to uncouple
      excitation from contraction is the same as their relative ability to displace
      calcium from sarcolemma. Polymyxin B, a highly charged cationic amphiphilic
      peptidolipid, specifically competes for calcium-binding sites on anionic and
      zwitterionic phospholipid. It is a potent displacer of calcium from myocardial
      cells and purified sarcolemma and a potent uncoupler. Phospholipase D cleaves the
      nitrogenous base from sarcolemmal phospholipid with production of anionic
      phosphatidic acid. Phospholipase D treatment increases calcium bound to cells and
      to purified sarcolemma and increases force development of ventricular tissue from
      both neonatal rats and adult rabbits. Insertion of charged amphiphiles in the
      sarcolemma as phospholipid analogues modulates interaction of calcium with
      myocardial sarcolemma. Anionic dodecylsulfate increases calcium bound to
      sarcolemmal vesicles by more than 80% and increases force development in rabbit
      papillary muscle by 100%. Cationic dodecyltrimethylamine produces a negative
      effect on binding and decreases contractile force by 70%. Neutral laurylacetate
      produces negligible effects on binding and force development. The effect of pH
      variation on calcium binding to phospholipid extracted from sarcolemma indicates
      that the latter accounts for at least 75% of the binding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3711546
TI  - Serial production of controlled periods of temporary heart block used to unmask
      and assess latent ventricular automaticity during experimental acute myocardial
      ischemia.
AB  - This study examined the onset, time course of development and response to
      overdrive stimulation of ventricular tachycardia in 10 dogs that underwent a
      Harris two-stage ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery.
      Transient (12 +/- 3 minutes) complete atrioventricular (AV) block was produced 2,
      3, 4, 5, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 hours after onset of infarction through selective
      injection of physostigmine salicylate into the AV node artery. Seven of the 10
      dogs had early transient arrhythmic episodes that occurred within 20 to 40
      minutes after coronary occlusion but none of the dogs had any spontaneous
      ventricular tachycardia in the ensuing 2 hours. Two hours after left anterior
      descending coronary artery ligation, complete AV block unmasked in every dog a
      slow (37 +/- 9 beats/min) AV junctional rhythm readily suppressed by overdrive.
      Three hours after coronary ligation, AV block revealed a monomorphic ventricular
      tachycardia (106 +/- 10 beats/min) in 3 of the 10 dogs. Four and five hours after
      coronary ligation, five and eight dogs, respectively, had ventricular tachycardia
      during AV block and in three the tachycardia was polymorphic. The two remaining
      dogs did not develop ventricular tachycardia during the 24 hours of observation.
      Ventricular tachycardia always began abruptly, first with brief and then longer
      bursts. Soon after onset the rate of tachycardia began to increase to reach a
      plateau 2 to 3 hours later at frequencies 21 +/- 9% greater than the initial
      tachycardia rate. Concomitant with this increase in rate there was a steady
      decline of overdrive suppressibility and during the plateau phase there was
      little or no overdrive suppression.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3711547
TI  - Endogenous adrenergic modification of exercise-induced asthma.
AB  - To determine if endogenous adrenergic activity could modify the obstructive
      response to exercise in subjects with asthma, we had 10 subjects undergo two
      bouts of cycle ergometry under controlled inspired air conditions while peak
      expiratory flow rates and plasma catecholamines were serially recorded. The
      second challenge of each pair was timed to coincide with the height of the
      bronchospasm induced by the first. A similar protocol was undertaken with
      isocapnic hyperventilation to serve as a control. The initial exercise produced
      bronchodilatation followed by bronchoconstriction when exercise ceased. During
      the second challenge, the obstruction resolved totally, only to recur once more
      when the subjects stopped work. Plasma concentrations of norepinephrine exactly
      mirrored the fluctuations in pulmonary mechanics, rising with bronchodilatation
      and falling with bronchoconstriction. The pattern with hyperventilation differed
      from exercise in that there was no significant increase in norepinephrine during
      the challenges. To determine if norepinephrine could abolish the bronchial
      narrowing produced by exercise, and, as a result, possibly account for the
      changes in mechanics that we observed, we performed a second study in which eight
      subjects were administered an aerosol of this compound to inhale during an
      episode of exercise-induced asthma. As with the endogenous elevation, exogenously
      administered norepinephrine also totally abolished the attack. These data
      demonstrate that the sympathoadrenal activity that occurs with repetitive
      exercise in subjects with asthma can materially influence the severity of
      exercise-induced asthma.

PMID- 3711548
TI  - Discrimination between urticaria-prone and other allergic patients by intradermal
      skin testing with codeine.
AB  - To study the ability of cutaneous mast cells to degranulate in urticaria-prone
      patients, subjects were skin tested with the known mast cell degranulator,
      codeine sulfate. Sensitivity to codeine as determined by the concentrations of
      codeine necessary to cause a net wheal of 5 mm was compared between urticaria
      prone subjects, allergic subjects, and normal control subjects. Urticaria-prone
      subjects were more sensitive to codeine at every concentration tested and
      exhibited a mean reactivity to codeine that was almost 100 times that of the
      other allergic individuals and normal control subjects. This difference could not
      be explained by an increased sensitivity to histamine in 71% of urticaria-prone
      patients nor by any dermatographic tendencies or increased relative allergic
      reactivity. These findings suggest that codeine skin testing can be used to
      identify a distinct population of patients with urticaria.

PMID- 3711549
TI  - Evaluation of decline in serum venom-specific IgE as a criterion for stopping
      venom immunotherapy.
AB  - During a 7-year period, venom immunotherapy has been stopped in 57 patients
      because of a fall in IgE antibody titers to insignificant levels (RAST less than
      10% STD). All patients had a history of venom anaphylaxis and elevated venom
      specific IgE before therapy. Maintenance doses of 50 micrograms were administered
      every 4 to 6 weeks; 30 patients received yellow jacket venom, and 16 patients
      received honeybee venom only. Therapy was stopped after treatment from 1 to 8
      years (mean 2.8 years). Repeat skin tests demonstrated an average two-log
      decrease in sensitivity; 35 of 55 tests remained positive at venom concentrations
      of less than or equal to 0.1 micrograms/ml. There were 55 re-stings in 24
      patients, occurring from 3 months to 5 years after cessation of therapy,
      resulting in three systemic reactions. One patient, previously treated with bee
      venom, reacted to a yellow jacket sting. These re-sting reactors also had
      tolerated several other stings after therapy was stopped. Thus, the two actual
      reactions represent a "failure" rate of 8% per patient and 4% per sting, compared
      to reaction rates of 27% and 17% in patients who stopped therapy without
      physician advice. These data suggest that this criterion may be reliable for
      stopping therapy. However, subsequent tolerated re-stings may require continued
      patient evaluation.

PMID- 3711550
TI  - Specificity of the human IgE response to inhaled acid anhydrides.
AB  - Patients with work-related respiratory symptoms caused by inhaled acid anhydrides
      (trimellitic (TMA), phthalic (PA), tetrachlorophthalic (TCPA), and maleic
      anhydrides) have specific IgE antibody. The antibody is specific for a conjugate
      of the sensitizing anhydride (the hapten) and human serum albumin (HSA). We have
      investigated the specificity of the reaction to determine whether the antibody is
      directed against (1) the anhydride, (2) new antigenic determinants formed by
      conjugation of albumin with the anhydride, or (3) the complete anhydride-HSA
      conjugate. For the patients sensitized to TCPA and TMA, RAST inhibition studies
      demonstrate the anhydride-HSA conjugate to be a more effective inhibitor of RAST
      than the sodium salt of the anhydride or an anhydride-bovine serum albumin
      conjugate, whereas for those sensitized to PA, the free hapten is almost as an
      effective inhibitor as the conjugate. With each sera HSA conjugates of anhydrides
      to which the patient is not sensitized are weaker inhibitors than the sensitizing
      anhydride-albumin conjugate. These results provide strong evidence that for the
      patients sensitized to TCPA and TMA, the antibody combines with the anhydride and
      the spatially adjacent portion of the HSA molecule, whereas in the patients
      sensitized to PA, the antibody is specific for the hapten.

PMID- 3711551
TI  - Fusarium solani: prevalence of skin reactivity and antigenic allergenic analysis.
AB  - The prevalence of Fusarium solani reactivity in atopic individuals with symptoms
      of mold allergy was assessed with skin test and RAST. In addition, F. solani
      preparations were evaluated for antigenic/allergenic activity. Atopic individuals
      tested, 24.5% (n = 69), had positive skin reactions to a phosphate-buffered
      saline extract of F. solani, and these responses were statistically correlated
      with RAST results. Immunoelectrophoretic techniques demonstrated that this
      extract was antigenic in rabbits and allergenic in man. Gel filtration of F.
      solani extract on a Bio-Gel A 0.5 m column demonstrated three peaks of
      ultraviolet-absorbing material. The column eluate with the greatest RAST
      inhibition activity was associated with a protein peak having a molecular weight
      greater than 341 kilodaltons; however, all peaks demonstrated inhibitory
      activity. These studies suggest that extracts of F. solani contain several
      allergens that differ in molecular weight and charge.

PMID- 3711552
TI  - Airborne allergens associated with asthma: particle sizes carrying dust mite and
      rat allergens measured with a cascade impactor.
AB  - Patients with asthma may develop acute symptoms after exposure to domestic or
      laboratory animal allergens; however, they are usually not aware of a direct
      relationship between their acute attacks and exposure to pollen or dust mite
      allergens. The present experiments were designed to study whether the differences
      in symptoms could be explained by differences in the number or size of particles
      carrying airborne allergens. Airborne particles were collected with a filter or
      on the stages of a cascade impactor, and allergens were measured by use of
      inhibition radioimmunoassays. In rat rooms and during disturbance of rat litter,
      a large proportion of rat urinary allergen (45.9%) was collected on the second
      stage of the impactor (mean size approximately 7 microns diameter). When sampled
      15 to 35 minutes after disturbance, 16% of these medium-sized particles were
      still airborne. By contrast, during disturbance of house dust, a significantly
      larger proportion of dust mite, antigen P1 (80.6 +/- 11.8%; p less than 0.001)
      was collected on the first stage of the impactor, and in keeping with the
      apparent size of these particles (diameter greater than 10 microns), very little
      of this allergen (less than 4%) was still airborne when sampled 15 to 35 minutes
      after disturbance. With nebulized diluted rat urine, approximately 75% of the
      allergen was collected on the fourth and final stages of the cascade impactor in
      keeping with the expected size, 0.5 to 3 microns in diameter. These results
      demonstrate that natural exposure to both allergens is strikingly different from
      the conditions used for bronchial provocation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3711553
TI  - Clinical, rhinomanometric, and cytologic evaluation of seasonal allergic rhinitis
      treated with beclomethasone dipropionate as aqueous nasal spray or pressurized
      aerosol.
AB  - The currently available beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) metered-dose nasal
      aerosol spray is considered uncomfortable by some patients because of the force
      of delivery. It was compared for efficacy and acceptability in a double-blind
      study with a new aqueous suspension BDP spray for the treatment of seasonal
      allergic rhinitis in 44 symptomatic patients aged 12 to 43 years. After 7 days of
      baseline evaluation, every patient was given both an aerosol canister and an
      aqueous spray bottle each containing either BDP, 42 mcg per spray, or placebo
      (P). For 15 days the patient sprayed each nostril twice a day with one spray of
      suspension (BDP or P) followed 5 minutes later by one spray of aerosol (P or
      BDP). Patients were evaluated before the study medications were started (day 1)
      and on days 4, 8, and 15 for nasal and eye symptoms. Nasal cytologic specimens
      were examined on days 1 and 15, and rhinomanometry was performed on days 1, 8,
      and 15 of the study. Topical BDP by both methods of delivery was rapidly
      effective in decreasing mean nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, sneezing, and itching
      symptoms as well as mean eye symptoms with no statistically significant
      differences between them. Nasal airflow increased with both treatments;
      rhinomanometry significantly correlated with subjective nasal obstruction scores.
      Of 34 patients with nasal eosinophils, 74% had fewer eosinophils after treatment.
      Most patients (84%) preferred the aqueous spray over the pressurized aerosol.

PMID- 3711554
TI  - Late and immediate systemic-allergic reactions to inhalant allergen
      immunotherapy.
AB  - Systemic-allergic reactions to allergen immunotherapy were prospectively studied
      in four allergy treatment centers to assess frequency and specific attributes of
      these episodes relative to several variables. A total of 20,588 extract
      injections were administered to 628 patients. Forty-two patients experienced a
      systemic reaction (7%). Fifty-two systemic reactions occurred in total. Eight
      patients accounted for 18 of the reactions. Late systemic reactions, occurring
      from 35 minutes to 6 hours after injection, accounted for 38% of all reactions.
      Extracts containing only pollen antigens were more commonly associated with
      immediate and late systemic reactions relative to other extracts (p less than
      0.001 and p less than 0.01, respectively). There were no significant reaction
      rate differences whether immunotherapy was at maintenance or increasing doses or
      if the time of injection was during a pollinating or nonpollinating season. The
      most common clinical manifestations of the systemic reactions were generalized
      pruritus and urticaria. We conclude that patients receiving extracts containing
      only pollen antigens have increased systemic-allergic reaction rates. A subgroup
      of patients are at risk for recurrent reactions. Finally, late systemic reactions
      to immunotherapy are not rare events and pose a definite risk to the individual
      patient.

PMID- 3711555
TI  - Variability of IgE protein measurement in cell-culture supernatants: results from
      a multicenter collaborative study.
AB  - The sensitivity, specificity, and precision of immunoassays for quantitation of
      IgE in cell-culture supernatants were tested in a multicenter trial involving 22
      laboratories. Fourteen coded test samples included cell-culture medium alone,
      culture medium with varying concentrations of polyclonal or myeloma IgE, and
      medium from unstimulated or pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated peripheral blood
      mononuclear cell (PBMC)-culture supernatants. Two laboratories reported
      measurable IgE in non-IgE-containing control samples. Although the IgE content of
      a single 0.50 ng/ml polyclonal IgE sample should have been measured easily by the
      claims of all laboratories, only 13 laboratories measured IgE in this sample in
      22 of the 48 assays. Most laboratories could measure both polyclonal and myeloma
      IgE at 5.0 ng/ml; however, the IgE determinations for the myeloma proteins were
      nearer the predicted value. Although 15 laboratories found measurable IgE in the
      PWM-stimulated PBMC-culture supernatants from a single nonatopic donor, the
      levels did not differ significantly from that measured in unstimulated PBMC
      culture supernatants. Three laboratories reported considerably higher IgE levels
      in the PWM-stimulated PBMC-culture supernatants than in other PBMC-culture
      supernatants. Only 13 laboratories could quantitate IgE in each of coded
      duplicate samples containing 0.50 ng/ml polyclonal IgE. These findings indicate a
      wide variability in the sensitivity, specificity, and precision of assays used to
      quantitate low levels of IgE protein. Investigators should be encouraged to make
      greater use of existing national and international reference materials in the
      standardization and performance of their IgE immunoassays.

PMID- 3711556
TI  - Diet, nutrition, and heart disease.
AB  - Everyone should know his or her cholesterol level. The means are now available
      for lowering cholesterol in the general population. Such efforts should be
      coupled with identification of moderate- and high-risk individuals for whom
      special efforts should be made in cholesterol lowering. The dietary approach
      outlined by the American Heart Association, which is clearly described in The
      Living Heart Diet (6), provides the best overall strategy for reducing
      cholesterol and for battling the epidemic of cardiovascular deaths that
      represents the No. 1 health problem in our society.

PMID- 3711557
TI  - Macronutrient intakes of 10-year-old children, 1973 to 1982.
AB  - Diets of four groups of 10-year-old children (no. = 871) from a biracial
      community were examined to document eating patterns and to note temporal trends
      in energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrate intakes. A 24-hour dietary recall
      method, incorporating numerous quality controls, was adapted for interviewing
      children. Protein provided 13%, fat 38%, and carbohydrate 49% of calories. Few
      racial differences in eating patterns were detected. Boys had higher energy
      intakes than girls, but after diets were adjusted per 1,000 kcal, no other sex
      differences in intake were found. Snacks yielded roughly one-third of daily
      energy intake, one-fifth of the day's protein, one-third of the fat, and two
      fifths of the total carbohydrate intake. Density of macronutrients within the
      children's diets was consistent over time. Diets of children in the Bogalusa
      study typify the American eating pattern and are comparable with those found in
      major national surveys.

PMID- 3711558
TI  - Perceptions of competency attainment in clinical dietetics: academic Plan IV vs.
      dietetic internships.
AB  - A national survey of all Plan IV representatives and dietetic internship
      directors in programs with a general or clinical emphasis was conducted to
      determine the level of competence in clinical dietetics expected of Plan IV
      graduates. Dietetic interns were asked to rate themselves on competency
      attainment at the beginning and near the end of the internship. The ADA's Role
      Delineation Study for Entry-level Personnel in Clinical Dietetics was used as the
      basis for the survey questionnaire. Completed questionnaires were returned by 137
      Plan IV representatives (54%), 71 dietetic internship directors (75%), and 530
      dietetic interns (62%). Highly significant differences were found among the three
      groups. Plan IV representatives had higher expectations of students than
      internship directors. Interns consistently rated their competency levels for all
      responsibilities below those indicated by either group of directors. All three
      groups indicated that students were better prepared for client-focus
      responsibilities than for professional or organizational-level responsibilities.
      Interns' self-ratings suggested that similar amounts of learning occurred in each
      of the three areas during the internship. Nutrition-related work experience
      immediately prior to the internship influenced students' perceived competency
      level at the beginning of the internship, but differences between those students
      and the ones with other or no work experience were overcome as students neared
      the end of their internships. For most major responsibilities, the students'
      perceived levels of competence did not change after the first few months of the
      internship.

PMID- 3711559
TI  - Differences in beliefs about heart disease risk factors between men and women.

PMID- 3711560
TI  - Provisional tables on the content of omega-3 fatty acids and other fat components
      of selected foods.

PMID- 3711561
TI  - Compliance of insulin-dependent diabetics with a low-fat diet.
AB  - Compliance with medical therapy is widely researched yet unpredictable. When
      counseled by a dietitian to begin a low-fat (25%) diabetic diet, subjects
      significantly decreased fat intake but did not achieve the prescribed 25% fat
      level. The significantly lower fat intake after instruction identified the
      registered dietitian as an effective behavioral change agent. Six compliance
      predictors obtained at an initial interview accounted for 77% of the variance in
      compliance.

PMID- 3711562
TI  - Using graduate and supervisor input for evaluation of a CUP.

PMID- 3711564
TI  - Sexual abuse of children: a "silent" shame no more.

PMID- 3711563
TI  - Vitamin supplement use in a Southern California retirement community.
AB  - Vitamin supplement were taken regularly by 62% of men and 69% of women surveyed
      in a Southern California retirement community. Supplement use was associated with
      more frequent use of health screening procedures and with several other health
      related habits. A substantial proportion of residents consumed high levels of
      vitamins C and E, and 3.2% consumed potentially toxic doses of vitamin A.

PMID- 3711565
TI  - Motherhood and depression.

PMID- 3711566
TI  - Why work fewer hours.

PMID- 3711567
TI  - Factors that influence career patterns of women physicians.

PMID- 3711568
TI  - Women physicians: casualties of organizational stress.

PMID- 3711569
TI  - Role stress in medical education: a literary perspective.

PMID- 3711571
TI  - National High Blood Pressure Education Program.

PMID- 3711570
TI  - Motherhood took me by surprise.

PMID- 3711572
TI  - Hypertension: an optometric problem for the 80s.
AB  - As primary health care providers, optometrists can make a significant
      contribution to the overall health of our patients by routinely measuring blood
      pressure, referring those individuals with elevated blood pressures for
      evaluation and/or treatment, and supporting previously diagnosed hypertensives to
      maintain their treatment regimen. The 1984 Report of the Joint National Committee
      on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure gives optometrists
      an up-to-date synopsis of blood pressure management. It includes referral
      procedures, blood pressure classifications, the revised stepped-care treatment
      approach and patient-professional interaction suggestions for improving long-term
      treatment compliance. It is imperative that optometrists reinforce the importance
      of regular hypertension evaluation to our patients and answer questions
      concerning blood pressure and its related follow-up care.

PMID- 3711573
TI  - Axenfeld's anomaly and related disorders.
AB  - Axenfeld's anomaly is a bilateral disorder characterized by a prominent,
      anteriorly displaced. Schwalbe's line (posterior embryotoxon) and peripheral iris
      strands which span the anterior chamber angle to attach to Schwalbe's line.
      Although this particular condition is benign, the two clinical features
      manifested are observed in other ocular disorders with potentially sight
      threatening sequelae. An asymptomatic patient with Axenfeld's anomaly presented
      to our office for routine eye care. A case report, discussion of the condition
      and differential diagnoses are presented regarding this ocular anomaly and
      related disorders.

PMID- 3711574
TI  - Keratopathy with low dose chloroquine therapy.
AB  - Antimalarial drugs (4-aminoguinolines) are often used as non-steroidal anti
      inflammatories and remission inducers in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
      (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this paper we report on ocular
      signs of aminoquinolinic toxicity among 39 patients, 31 with RA and 8 with SLE.
      These patients received either chloroquine 250 mg q.h.s. or hydroxychloroquine
      200 mg b.i.d. No maculopathy was detected, however 75% of the patients showed
      various degrees of keratopathy ranging from epithelial haze to dense "whorl"
      deposits. No correlation was found between severity of the keratopathy and the
      estimated total amount of aminoquinoline administered.

PMID- 3711575
TI  - Pseudopapilledema secondary to optic nerve drusen: ophthalmoscopic
      differentiation.
AB  - Two cases of pseudopapilledema secondary to optic nerve drusen were presented.
      The first case demonstrated the difficulty of ophthalmoscopic differentiation in
      children and the possible misapplication of invasive neurologic procedures. The
      second case report demonstrated the relatively greater ease of ophthalmoscopic
      differentiation in adults and the familial and progressive nature of optic nerve
      drusen. Also presented were some of the possible sequelae of this condition.

PMID- 3711576
TI  - Subconjunctival hemorrhage: overview and management.
AB  - Subconjunctival hemorrhage is a commonly presenting clinical problem for the
      optometrist. Although it is usually benign, it can be caused by a variety of
      entities, each with their own important sequelae. It is necessary to perform a
      comprehensive work-up of a patient with this problem including a thorough case
      history to rule out trauma, infection, medications, or systemic disease as the
      causative agent. The anatomy of the conjunctiva is reviewed, examination
      procedures are described, management issues are discussed, and case reports are
      presented.

PMID- 3711577
TI  - The effect of topical 2.5% phenylephrine and 1% tropicamide on systemic blood
      pressure and pulse.
AB  - A prospective double-blind trial is described in which patients were given either
      1% tropicamide, 2.5% phenylephrine, a combination of the two drugs, or a placebo.
      Blood pressure measurements and pulse rates were determined at 5, 10 and 15
      minute intervals post-instillation. No significant change in systolic or
      diastolic blood pressures were determined for any of the treatment groups at any
      of the time intervals; however, a slight but significant decrease in pulse rate
      was noted in some of the treatment groups. The data are analyzed according to
      other variables. Factors which may have influenced the findings are discussed.

PMID- 3711578
TI  - Precedent-setting professional liability claims involving optometry.
AB  - For optometrists, malpractice claims are relatively rare and seldom result in
      litigation. Therefore, there are very few reported court cases dealing with the
      optometric malpractice issue. In fact, within the last ten years there have been
      only five reported cases. Claims involving failure to diagnose have been the most
      devastating to optometrists, and have resulted in the five recently reported
      court cases. This paper discusses the facts of these five cases and considers
      their relevance to contemporary optometric practice.

PMID- 3711580
TI  - The psychoanalysis of the older patient. Panel reports.

PMID- 3711579
TI  - Female psychology: a review.
AB  - This paper examines the differences between early psychoanalytic views of female
      development and current views, illustrating that recent suggested revisions offer
      an updated preliminary theoretical framework. The clinical implications of the
      differing views are discussed, and examples (two from the psychotherapy of
      children and a third from the psychoanalysis of a young woman) are offered to
      demonstrate particular clinical issues, such as penis envy and genital anxiety.
      It is postulated that the outcome of psychoanalytic treatment of women is
      markedly affected by the different clinical formulations and conceptualizations
      that result from different views. Further, the psychoanalytic terminology can
      contribute in subtle ways to ambiguity, distortion, and lack of clarity regarding
      female psychology.

PMID- 3711581
TI  - Borderline personality disorders: research issues and new empirical findings.
      Panel report.

PMID- 3711582
TI  - Toward a further understanding of homosexual men. Panel report.

PMID- 3711583
TI  - Pseudoquotes in psychoanalytic interventions.
AB  - The syntactical structure of any psychoanalytic intervention is itself
      overdetermined. As such, when the syntax of an analyst's intervention seems out
      of the ordinary, it may mark a moment of particular difficulty. One syntactical
      form used frequently by psychoanalysts is a pseudoquote. In this form, the
      analyst speaks for the patient, uses the pronoun "I," as though he were, for the
      moment, the voice of the patient. Three such interventions are presented here
      from audio-recorded material. The interventions are examined in context, and some
      probable determinants are sketched. These determinants cluster around wishes and
      fears associated with "the difficult moment of self-other relatedness." This
      somewhat empirical portion of the paper is followed by a theoretical discussion
      in which the development of thought, speech, and the ego are related to the
      question of whether pseudoquotes actually serve the psychoanalytic process.

PMID- 3711584
TI  - Application of constrained regularization analysis to low-angle quasi-elastic
      light scattering.
AB  - A constrained regularization procedure has been applied to a low-angle quasi
      elastic light scattering system in order to determine particle size
      distributions. The conditions under which this procedure may be successfully
      applied to low-angle photon correlation spectroscopy have been characterized.
      Acquisition of photon count data over a short time period, relative to the long
      exponential decay constants of correlation functions obtained at low forward
      angles, resulted in particle size distributions which were stable with regard to
      peak width and weighted mean particle radius. Irrespective of the number of
      photon counts obtained, peak resolution and position on the particle size scale
      were not optimized unless anomalies in the correlation function due to transient
      increases in the mean photon counting rate were removed from the photon count
      data prior to autocorrelation. When such measures were taken, reasonable size
      distributions were obtained for well characterized protein standards and for
      liposomal suspensions.

PMID- 3711585
TI  - Fitting fluorescence emission spectra of probes bound to biological membranes.
AB  - We show that fluorescence emission spectra for molecules containing the dansyl
      fluorophor can be accurately described as skewed Gaussians, and that spectra for
      dansyl probes bound to biological membranes can be resolved using least-squares
      techniques into two components, representing probe bound to the lipid and protein
      sites in the membrane.

PMID- 3711586
TI  - Determination of transmembrane currents from external potential measurements by
      the method of regularization.
AB  - A novel non-invasive technique for measuring the transmembrane currents during
      action potential depolarizations of stalk segments of the giant unicellular alga
      Acetabularia mediterranea is described. This involves measurement of spatial
      samples of the time-dependent potential in the external medium (sea water) and an
      inverse transformation to give the current distribution at the cell surface. A
      detailed description of the method of regularization needed to handle this ill
      conditioned inversion problem is presented in this paper, along with the results
      of test experiments to demonstrate its validity. An example of its application to
      the data recorded from an actual cell is also given.

PMID- 3711587
TI  - Which electrodic solutions for immobilized pH gradients?
AB  - Carrier ampholytes covering a pH range corresponding to, or narrower than, the
      span of the immobilized pH gradient (IPG) are a most suitable electrodic solution
      for IPGs. They are able to collect, and completely remove from the gel, much
      higher amounts of non-buffering ions than are solutions of acidic and basic amino
      acids. This makes it possible to directly run IPGs just after their
      polymerization, without the need of a washing step to remove catalysts and
      unreacted Immobiline monomers. The same applies most advantageously when the gel
      formulation includes urea and/or detergents. Ions contributed by the sample
      solution are also prevented from casting high-conductivity ridges around the
      electrodes, without any need either of a dialysis step or of an increased slab
      size with pH plateaus. The migration of the sample proteins toward their
      equilibrium position is faster in the presence of carrier ampholytes. The
      effective concentrations of the latter are in the range 0.3-1%.

PMID- 3711588
TI  - A method for the identification of sulfated glycopeptide by two-dimensional
      electrophoresis on cellulose acetate membrane.
AB  - Two-dimensional electrophoresis on cellulose acetate membrane permits the clean
      separation of sulfated glycopeptide in a mixture of acidic glycans
      (glycosaminoglycans and acidic glycopeptides). Two systems were used. In system
      1, 0.1 M pyridine-0.47 M formic acid buffer (pH 3.0) was used in the first and
      0.1 M barium acetate (pH 8.0) in the second dimension. In system 2, 0.1 M
      pyridine-0.47 M formic acid buffer (pH 3.0) was used in the first and 0.1 M HCl
      in the second dimension. All of the acidic glycans on electrophoretogram were
      stained with alcian blue in 70% ethanol. On the other hand, sulfated glycans
      alone were made visible with alcian blue in 0.1 M HCl. Alcian blue in 70% ethanol
      or 0.1 M HCl, when combined with periodic acid-Schiff's reagent identified
      sulfated glycopeptides on cellulose acetate membrane.

PMID- 3711589
TI  - Simple industrial method for determination of activity of asparaginase and some
      other enzymes.

PMID- 3711590
TI  - Trace metal residues in finfish from Maryland waters, 1978-1979.
AB  - Levels of seven heavy metal residues, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead,
      mercury and zinc were monitored in samples of various species of finfish
      harvested from the Maryland section of the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries
      over a two year period (1978-79). Results of the analysis of the edible portions
      of these finfish are presented along with the species of finfish, date and
      location of harvest. A number of samples of finfish gonad and liver tissue were
      analyzed to study the relative level of preconcentration of heavy metals in these
      tissues compared to the edible (flesh) portion. Results of this study are
      consistent with other available data for Atlantic Coast finfish. Gonad tissue,
      when compared to flesh, show enrichment of copper and zinc and decreased mercury
      and cadmium levels. Liver tissue shows enrichment in copper, zinc and cadmium and
      generally lower levels of mercury compared to flesh.

PMID- 3711591
TI  - Effects of DDT and piperonyl butoxide on the metabolic alterations in pigeon
      (Columbia livia).
AB  - Effect of acute doses of technical grade of dichloro diphenyl trichloro ethane
      (DDT) and piperonyl butoxide (PB) on hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450 (Cyt.
      P450) and cytosolic glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity in pigeon were
      studied after 24 hours of treatment. A completely reverse trend of changes in
      Cyt. P450 and GST activity were found as increase in Cyt. P450 paralleled with
      decrease in GST activity following exposure to DDT. However, intensity of changes
      in Cyt. P450 was greater than that of GST. A dose dependent decrease in Cyt. P450
      and GST activity was observed after PB treatment. The study may, therefore, throw
      some light on metabolic alterations in wild birds resulting from environmental
      pollution by DDT and allied chemicals.

PMID- 3711592
TI  - Ankle joint arthroscopy.
AB  - Today, more emphasis is being placed on ambulatory surgery and its decreased
      morbidity. Arthroscopic surgery is a valid approach to many disease entities and
      is very responsive to early ambulation. The authors present a brief history of
      ankle arthroscopy--the technique, indications and contraindications,
      difficulties, and possible complications of the procedure.

PMID- 3711593
TI  - Considerations for the Lapidus operation.
AB  - The Lapidus operation for correction of severe hallux valgus with metatarsus
      primus varus has never been well accepted by foot surgeons. The main reason for
      this has been the poor results obtained from its misuse. Lapidus strongly
      advocated the operation as a virtual panacea for correction of all degrees of
      severity of these deformities in both young and old patients. The technique,
      however, is appropriate for severe metatarsus primus varus with hallux valgus, in
      the foot with marked first ray hypermobility and collapsed distal-medial arch.
      The purpose and proper indications for the Lapidus operation are discussed, and
      the technique is illustrated.

PMID- 3711594
TI  - Ankle stabilization and primary repair with a peroneus brevis tendon graft.
AB  - Nineteen of the author's 20 patients recovered fully from a ruptured anterior
      talofibular ligament when it was repaired or replaced by a tendon graft from one
      half of the peroneus brevis tendon. The patients wore a below-the-knee weight
      bearing cast for 3 to 4 weeks after the surgery and none of the patients had
      residual instability.

PMID- 3711595
TI  - Subungual malignant melanoma.
AB  - An early accurate diagnosis of subungual melanoma depends upon an alert podiatric
      physician. Clinically, the lesion is often easily misdiagnosed and mistreated
      because of its resemblance to benign nail conditions. This paper discusses the
      incidence, histology, clinical findings, diagnosis, and treatment of this
      malignant lesion. An illustrative case report is presented.

PMID- 3711596
TI  - Use of benadryl as a local anesthetic.

PMID- 3711597
TI  - Resistant metatarsus adductus deformity (illustrated surgical reconstructive
      techniques).
AB  - The dilemma of metatarsus adductus was reviewed in this clinically illustrated
      essay. A modification of the traditional Berman-Gartland procedure was also
      reported, along with 5 methods of osseous fixation. A retrospective analysis of
      17 surgical cases, performed at Atlanta Hospital, revealed adherence to published
      indications and guidelines.

PMID- 3711598
TI  - The scintigraphic localization of mineralocorticoid-producing adrenocortical
      carcinoma.
AB  - I-131-6 beta-iodomethylnorcholesterol (NP-59) was used to localize
      mineralocorticoid-secreting adrenocortical carcinomas in two patients and
      functioning metastases in a third patient studied after the removal of the
      primary tumor. The presence of sufficient NP-59 activity within these lesions for
      discernable imaging is unusual and would not have been expected based on previous
      experience with other functioning and nonfunctioning carcinomas of the adrenal
      cortex. These cases serve to illustrate the variable spectrum of iodocholesterol
      uptake into adrenocortical malignancies and suggest that scintigraphic studies,
      preoperatively for localization and postoperatively to confirm the presence of
      recurrence or metastases, might be useful to identify and characterize these rare
      neoplasms.

PMID- 3711599
TI  - Fatty acid induced changes in circulating total and free thyroid hormones: in
      vivo effects and methodological artefacts.
AB  - Elevated levels of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) are frequently found in acute
      illnesses, and they may contribute to changes in serum thyroid hormone
      concentrations in nonthyroidal illnesses (NTI) by displacing protein bound
      hormones. We therefore examined the effects of low and raised plasma NEFA levels
      on circulating total and free thyroxine (TT4 and FT4) and triiodothyronine (TT3
      and FT3) concentrations, the Free T4 Index (FT4I) and TSH, in a randomized
      crossover study in 10 normal subjects. Subjects ate either a high carbohydrate
      breakfast (low NEFA protocol) or a high fat breakfast followed by an iv injection
      of 1000 u heparin (high NEFA protocol). Possible biological effects of changes in
      FT4 and FT3 were evaluated by a 200 micrograms iv TRH test. Free T4 and T3 were
      measured by a direct analogue method (AFT4 and AFT3). In a similar high NEFA
      study, but without TRH, FT4 was also measured by equilibrium dialysis (DFT4) and
      a 2-step RIA method (2-step FT4). Acute elevations of plasma NEFA from 0.67 +/-
      0.08 mmol/L to a peak of 2.6 +/- 0.54 mmol/L resulted in a prompt reciprocal fall
      of mean TT4 (-8.7%, p less than 0.01), AFT4 (-30%, p less than 0.005) and TT3 (
      11.5%, p less than 0.01) and AFT3 (-16%, p less than 0.005); DFT4 rose
      significantly from 23.7 +/- 1.9 pmol/L to 33.0 +/- 3.7 pmol/L (+39%, p less than
      0.025) and 2-step FT4 rose by 16% (p less than 0.05). TSH levels declined
      consistently from 3.3 +/- 0.5 mIU/L to 2.6 +/- 0.4 mIU/L (p less than
      0.025).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3711600
TI  - Interaction of highly purified thyroid peroxidase with anti-microsomal antibodies
      in autoimmune thyroid diseases.
AB  - Among the several antigens involved in autoimmune thyroid diseases, the
      microsomal antigen has been recently identified as the human thyroid peroxidase
      (TPO). The availability of highly purified TPO and anti-TPO monoclonal antibody
      (mAb) allowed us to study in more details anti-TPO autoimmune antibodies (aAb)
      and their relationship with anti-microsomal aAb. Only sera with anti-microsomal
      aAb, as assayed by passive hemagglutination, highly immunoprecipitated purified
      TPO; anti-thyroglobulin aAb did not contribute to this effect. IgG binding to TPO
      and inhibition of mAb binding to TPO were also observed using anti-microsomal
      positive and anti-thyroglobulin negative sera. The correlation between anti-TPO
      and anti-microsomal aAb titers was found significant (p less than 0.02). These
      data suggest that anti-microsomal and anti-TPO immunoreactivity are presented by
      the same aAb. It could not be ruled out, however, that some of the anti
      microsomal aAb detected by passive hemagglutination could be directed against
      antigens different from TPO. The use of highly purified TPO and anti-TPO mAb
      would allow large scale studies of anti-TPO aAb, necessary for investigating
      their pathological significance in thyroid disorders.

PMID- 3711601
TI  - The effects of relaxin on the mouse mammary gland. II. The epithelium.
AB  - The study deals with the effects of relaxin (RLX) on epithelial cells of the
      mammary ducts in ovariectomized virgin mice, evaluated by light and electron
      microscopy. One microgram (3 GPU) pure porcine RLX (NIH-RXN-P1) was administered
      either alone or after pretreatment with estrogen. The possibility of a non
      specific binding of RLX to insulin receptors on the mammary epithelial cells was
      excluded by comparing the effects of the administration of the two hormones at
      the same doses. Our findings indicate that RLX greatly enhances the growth of the
      mammary duct epithelial cells, as demonstrated by the extensive branching and
      elongation of the ducts, and by the rather frequent occurrence of mitoses in the
      epithelial cell precursors and of the intermediate stages of their
      differentiation into mature duct cells. Three GPU RLX, administered alone, had
      only an inconstant and slight effect on the epithelial cell growth, a priming
      dose with estrogen being necessary to obtain the highest levels of duct growth.
      Moreover the treatment with 1 microgram of insulin for the same time showed a
      very inconstant and lesser effect in comparison to RLX. We did not find any
      evidence of alveolar maturation and milk secretion in the RLX-treated mice. The
      recognition of a stimulatory role of RLX on the proliferation and growth of the
      mammary duct epithelium may be of a certain importance in the understanding of
      hormonal control of the mammary development in physiological conditions and the
      genesis and growth of mammary neoplasms.

PMID- 3711602
TI  - Role of autoimmune and familial factors in goiter prevalence. Studies performed
      in a moderately endemic area.
AB  - The goitrogenic role of autoimmune phenomena in endemic goiter is still
      uncertain. Scanty and discrepant results have been reported in different areas of
      the world. This prompted us to evaluate the prevalence of circulating thyroid
      antibodies in an area of North-Western Tuscany during a survey for endemic
      goiter. The survey was carried out according to the P.A.H.O. criteria in a stable
      community. In all schoolchildren (n = 142, age range 7-15 yr) and in most of
      their parents (n = 159), thyroid size was evaluated and urine was collected for
      iodine determination. Blood was drawn for determination of circulating thyroid
      microsomal (MAb) and thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb), TT3, TT4 and TSH.
      Prevalence of goiter in schoolchildren was 77.9% and 94.8% in their parents. Mean
      (+/- SD) urinary iodine excretion was 55.0 +/- 2.1 micrograms/24 h. The overall
      frequency of TgAb and MAb in the adult population was 14.4%, statistically higher
      than that of control subjects matched for sex and age. The frequency in
      schoolchildren was 4.3%. The presence of goiter in children was unrelated to the
      presence of thyroid antibodies in parents, whether goitrous or nongoitrous. A
      higher prevalence of goiter was found in children with goitrous parents as
      compared to children with nongoitrous parents (p less than 0.005). In conclusion,
      the frequency of thyroid autoantibodies in the adult population of the endemic
      area studied was increased, but showed no relation with the presence of goiter.
      The prevalence of goiter in children was associated with the presence of goiter
      but not of thyroid autoantibodies in parents. These data suggest that autoimmune
      phenomena are of limited importance in the development of endemic goiter.

PMID- 3711603
TI  - Surgical management of basal joint arthritis of the thumb. Part I. Long-term
      results of silicone implant arthroplasty.
AB  - Seventy-two procedures in 53 patients with advanced basal joint arthritis are
      retrospectively evaluated with follow-up ranging from 12 months to 8 years.
      Follow-up of a subset of 32 silicone implant arthroplasties in osteoarthritic
      thumbs averaged 3.9 years with a 25% failure rate. Despite providing early
      symptomatic relief, silicone implants lost nearly 50% of vertical height at the
      ulnar margin secondary to cold flow and wear and subluxed 35% of the width of the
      prosthesis during the study period. Dynamic tendon transfers did not prevent
      implant subluxation and had no effect on the magnitude or pattern of implant
      wear. Ligamentous reconstruction reduced implant instability, but was accompanied
      by an increase in silicone wear and cold flow. Reactive giant cell synovitis with
      silicone particulates and adjacent bone resorption was seen in some cases of
      implant arthroplasty failure. Forces across the osteoarthritic basal joint would
      seem to preclude a stable silicone implant arthroplasty in the absence of
      eventual wear and symptomatic foreign body synovitis. Because of this unresolved
      conflict between implant stability and wear, at the present time we seldom use
      silicone in the osteoarthritic basal joint, but continue to utilize the silicone
      hemitrapezium or the cannulated trapezium replacement with satisfactory results
      in the low-demand rheumatoid thumb.

PMID- 3711604
TI  - Surgical management of basal joint arthritis of the thumb. Part II. Ligament
      reconstruction with tendon interposition arthroplasty.
AB  - Palmar oblique ligament reconstruction combined with tendon interposition (LRTI)
      arthroplasty with part of the flexor carpi radialis tendon was developed for
      advanced osteoarthritis of the thumb basal joint. Twenty-five procedures are
      reviewed with an average follow-up of 2 years, ranging from 1 to 4 1/2 years.
      LRTI arthroplasty more consistently improved pinch strength, increased grip
      strength endurance, and restored thumb web space than did silicone implant
      arthroplasty. Proximal metacarpal migration averaged only 11% of the initial
      arthroplasty space versus nearly 50% loss of height with silicone implants.
      Subluxation averaged only 7% of the width of the thumb metacarpal base relative
      to the scaphoid versus subluxation of 35% of the base of the implant with
      silicone arthroplasty. Excellent results were achieved in 23 thumbs or 92% of
      cases. No deterioration of function or stability has been noted over time, and no
      revisional procedures have been necessary. On the basis of these encouraging
      early results, LRTI arthroplasty has become our preferred surgical treatment for
      advanced basal joint osteoarthritis of the thumb.

PMID- 3711605
TI  - Silicone rubber implant arthroplasty of the metacarpophalangeal joint in
      rheumatoid arthritis: a follow-up study of 32 patients.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of silicone rubber implant arthroplasty of the
      metacarpophalangeal joint in 32 patients with rheumatoid arthritis is reported.
      One hundred seven implants were followed in 37 hands for an average of 44 1/2 (12
      to 120) months. Active motion of the metacarpophalangeal joint averaged 34
      degrees, with a mean extension deficit of 7 degrees and a mean flexion 41
      degrees. Ulnar deviation recurred to more than 10 degrees in 33 of 107 fingers
      (31%). Fracture of the spacer was confirmed in four joints (4%). One fracture of
      the proximal phalanx and one of the metacarpal head had occurred. Bone resorption
      around the stem or a hinge and migration of the implant were found in 26 (24%)
      fingers. Patient satisfaction was high; 27 patients experienced significant pain
      relief, the functioning of 31 hands (84%) was improved, and 28 patients (32
      hands) thought that the cosmetic appearance of the hand was improved.

PMID- 3711606
TI  - Reconstruction of a hand, amputated at the metacarpophalangeal level, by means of
      combined second and third toes from each foot: a case report.
AB  - Reconstruction of all four fingers that were amputated at the metacarpophalangeal
      (MP) joints of the right hand of a 17-year-old male patient was performed by
      simultaneous transfer of the combined second and third toes from each foot at the
      level of the metatarsophalangeal joint. Fifteen-month follow-up showed acceptable
      cosmesis with satisfactory functional results. The patient had no foot
      discomfort, even after prolonged walking and running.

PMID- 3711607
TI  - Treatment of nonunited scaphoid fractures by pulsed electromagnetic field and
      cast.
AB  - Thirty-five of 44 nonunited scaphoid fractures that were at least 6 months old
      healed in a mean time of 4.3 months during pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF)
      treatment using external coils and a thumb spica cast. The mean time from the
      onset of the fracture to treatment was 40 months. No concurrent operation was
      performed. Follow-up time averaged 8.4 months. Eight of nine fractures with
      avascular necrosis healed. Five of eight fractures in the proximal third healed.
      Twelve (75%) of 16 patients treated in short-arm thumb spica casts and PEMF
      healed versus 22 (92%) of 24 patients treated initially in long-arm thumb spica
      casts and PEMF. We have found PEMF to be a reliable alternative method of
      treating nonunited scaphoid fractures. Because of the low risk, simplicity of
      use, and reliability, we recommend its consideration in the treatment of
      undisplaced, nonunited fractures without carpal instability less than 5 years
      after the injury. Treatment should initially begin with a long-arm cast.

PMID- 3711608
TI  - Percutaneous pinning of symptomatic scaphoid nonunions.
AB  - A prospective study was conducted to determine whether multiple percutaneous
      pinning of symptomatic scaphoid nonunions could result in union. All patients had
      symptomatic nonunions, confirmed by x-ray film, and of sufficient severity to
      interfere with activities of daily living or military duties. Eighteen patients
      had pinning with two to four 0.045-inch C-wires guided by image intensification.
      All nonunions were immobilized in below the elbow thumb spica casts until healed.
      Thirteen patients, treated by our protocol, had adequate follow-up of an average
      of 10.3 months. Bony union occurred in 10 (77%) cases, asymptomatic fibrous union
      occurred in two, and one failed to unite. Complications were few.

PMID- 3711609
TI  - Wrist arthrodesis.
AB  - Twenty consecutive patients were treated with wrist arthrodesis. Nine patients
      had rheumatoid arthritis, and eleven patients had a variety of other arthritic
      conditions. The average follow-up time was 34 months. Clinical examination and
      roentgenograms showed that eighteen patients had solid fusion of their wrists,
      with an average of 11 weeks of immobilization. Two patients had delayed union-
      one of them removed his cast after the operation. No reason for the delayed union
      was found in the second patient, who had rheumatoid disease. Ultimately, both
      patients had solid fusions after a total immobilization time of 20 weeks and 16
      weeks, respectively. Solid fusion, pain relief, and satisfactory functional
      results can be achieved following wrist arthrodesis. Prerequisites for obtaining
      such results are as follows: First preoperative assessment of the patient's upper
      extremity level of function and range of motion (ROM) of all other joints of the
      extremity, and radiographic assessment of wrist and hand deformities. Second,
      during surgery, rigid fixation should be obtained and wrist deformity if present,
      as in rheumatoid disease, should be corrected. Third, a postoperative
      rehabilitation program should include range of motion of other joints, muscle
      strengthening, and functional activities.

PMID- 3711610
TI  - Carpal arch alteration after carpal tunnel release.
AB  - A retrospective clinical study quantitated postoperative widening of the
      transverse carpal arch after carpal tunnel release in a group of 50 patients. The
      relationship of this widening with postoperative pain, forearm circumference,
      grip strength, and wrist range of motion was evaluated. Mean widening of the
      transverse carpal arch after carpal tunnel release is 10.4% or 2.7 mm. A direct
      relationship exists between widening of the transverse carpal arch and loss of
      grip strength. Residual pain, forearm circumference, and wrist range of motion
      are not related to widening of the transverse carpal arch.

PMID- 3711612
TI  - Induced vasodilation in the treatment of posttraumatic digital cold intolerance.
AB  - Induced vasodilation was used in 10 patients with posttraumatic cold intolerance.
      Eight of 10 patients improved. Before the treatment program and cold exposure,
      the injured digits were an average of 1.5 degrees C cooler than the control
      digits. After cold exposure, the mean temperature difference was 3.2 degrees C.
      At the conclusion of the study, the temperature differences between the injured
      and control digits were an average of 0.1 degree C before cold stress and 1.0
      degree C after. Associated with this measured improvement was an improvement in
      cold tolerance. This was maintained 1 year later by 67% of the patients. One year
      after the completion of this study, nine patients were treated at home on a less
      controlled program with improvement in 67% of patients.

PMID- 3711611
TI  - The role of the epiphyseal and metaphyseal circulations on longitudinal growth in
      the dog: an experimental study.
AB  - An experimental model using the immature canine proximal fibular epiphysis was
      developed to isolate and investigate the effects of the epiphyseal and
      metaphyseal circulations on longitudinal growth. Experimental constructs studied
      the epiphyseal circulation, the epiphyseal and metaphyseal circulations, a
      devascularized growth plate, and a control group. Twenty-four limbs were studied
      by serial x-ray films and microangiographic and histologic analyses at time of
      death, 24 weeks after surgery. The data from this preliminary study show that
      both metaphyseal and epiphyseal circulations are necessary for predictable
      longitudinal growth.

PMID- 3711613
TI  - Treatment methods for extravasations of chemotherapeutic agents: a comparative
      study.
AB  - A rat model was used to compare early surgical intervention with injectable and
      topical antidotes with regard to their effectiveness in preventing cutaneous
      ulcers that were caused by intradermal injections of vesicant chemotherapeutic
      agents. The (animals) rats received bilateral flank injections of doxorubicin,
      vincristine, actinomycin D, mitomycin C, or carmustine (BCNU) in concentrations
      that were comparable to concentrations used for human patients; after the
      injections they underwent debridement at various intervals or received immediate
      applications of selected antidotes. Many "antidotes" which were frequently used,
      were not effective in limiting the size of the ulcer and in producing rapid
      healing of ulcers that were caused by experimental vesicant extravasations. Early
      surgical debridement was the most effective method of decreasing vesicant ulcer
      size and facilitating rapid ulcer healing of all the interventions tested.

PMID- 3711614
TI  - A unique presentation of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: proximal interphalangeal
      joint synovitis.
AB  - Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis seldom involves the small joints of the hand. We
      are reporting three patients with proximal interphalangeal joint synovitis as the
      initial manifestation of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. This form of presentation
      of the disease should be recognized so that treatment will not be unduly delayed
      especially for the ophthalmologic manifestations of juvenile rheumatoid
      arthritis.

PMID- 3711615
TI  - Postoperative toxic shock syndrome after reconstructive surgery of the hand.
AB  - Toxic shock syndrome is a devastating and potentially lethal complication, which
      can occur in postoperative patients. Our experience with toxic shock syndrome
      after a reconstructive procedure on the hand is reported. An awareness of the
      clinical and laboratory manifestations of toxic shock syndrome was needed to
      facilitate its early recognition and treatment.

PMID- 3711616
TI  - Kaposi's sarcoma in the hand of an AIDS patient.
AB  - A case of Kaposi's sarcoma of a digit in a patient with acquired immune
      deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is described. The patient had what appeared to be a
      chronic paronychia. The paronychia tissue was excised and biopsy findings showed
      Kaposi's sarcoma. Kaposi's sarcoma is a multicentric, malignant, vascular tumor
      composed of proliferating spindle-shaped cells and capillary vessels.

PMID- 3711618
TI  - Chronic painful subluxation of the metacarpal phalangeal joint extensor tendons.
AB  - Chronic subluxation of the extensor tendons of the metacarpal phalangeal joint
      has been documented in six patients on active duty in the United States Navy.
      These patients had painful full flexion and gripping in the knuckle, especially
      when they were performing their jobs. No extension lag was noted. Three patients
      had a severed junctura tendinum between the long and index fingers, which was
      believed to be a contributing factor to extensor tendon subluxation. Local
      anesthesia was administered to these patients, and the lesions were surgically
      corrected by reefing of the extensor hood and the sagittal band and repair of the
      junctura tendinum.

PMID- 3711617
TI  - Regeneration of an enchondroma defect under the influence of an implant of human
      bone morphogenetic protein.
AB  - A 29-year-old woman with an enchondroma that was expanding and eroding the palmar
      cortex of the middle phalanx was successfully treated by curettage and
      implantation of bone morphogenetic protein. The metaphysis and cortex were
      repaired by lamellar bone within 2 months. The medulla was completely filled with
      trabecular bone by 9 months. The full range of motion and normal functions of
      finger and hand joints were restored, and there was no recurrence or
      abnormalities at follow-up visits 2 1/2 years after the operation.

PMID- 3711619
TI  - Duplication of the extensor carpi ulnaris tendon.
AB  - Three cases are presented, in which an anomalous tendon slip between the extensor
      carpi ulnaris tendon and the extensor apparatus of the fifth finger was found.
      One of the patients was a violinist, who had serious impairment of the left wrist
      joint and the small finger due to the anomaly. The symptoms disappeared after
      excision.

PMID- 3711620
TI  - Subcutaneous granuloma annulare of the finger.
AB  - Granuloma annulare is a cutaneous disorder, which may be associated with
      subcutaneous fibrosis. Subcutaneous granuloma annulare lesions may occur without
      the cutaneous manifestations, and often biopsy is required for diagnosis. We
      report subcutaneous granuloma annulare of the index finger without cutaneous
      manifestations, in a 19-year-old woman. Diagnosis was confirmed by excision and
      histologic examination. In the natural history of granuloma annulare, a
      spontaneous resolution can be expected. No other specific treatment is necessary.

PMID- 3711621
TI  - Sporothrix schenckii tenosynovitis: a case report.
AB  - Sporothrix schenckii is a fungus known to cause infection of skin in the
      subcutaneous tissues. In this case tenosynovitis was caused by sporotrichosis
      resulting in rupture of the extensor tendon. Excision of the involved
      tenosynovium and repair of the tendons were done. Five months of oral medication
      with ketoconazole, 400 mg daily, led to resolution of the synovial disease and
      regression of a 1 cm pulmonary nodule found on a routine chest x ray film.

PMID- 3711622
TI  - Hand infection caused by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans.
AB  - A case of chronic wrist synovitis and subcutaneous abscess of the hand caused by
      Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is described. There are no previous reports
      in the literature of hand infections secondary to this unusual bacteria.

PMID- 3711623
TI  - Sarcoid flexor tenosynovitis of the finger: a case report.
AB  - A case report of flexor tenosynovitis of the right ring finger in a 27-year-old
      black woman leading to the diagnosis of sarcoidosis is presented. Sarcoidosis of
      a flexor tendon sheath is rare. Flexor tenosynovectomy provided material for
      histologic diagnosis and increased the function of the hand.

PMID- 3711624
TI  - Mycobacterium fortuitum midpalmar space abscess: a case report.
AB  - A case report of a midpalmar abscess from Mycobacterium fortuitum is presented.
      It appeared 4 weeks after a penetrating nail injury to the palm and wrist and
      resolved with chemotherapeutic and surgical treatment.

PMID- 3711625
TI  - Osseous changes due to a false aneurysm of the proper digital artery: a case
      report.
AB  - A 24-year-old black man had a laceration and subsequent pseudoaneurysm of the
      radial digital artery of the small finger. Two months after the injury, the
      vessel, a lacerated radial digital nerve, and a flexor digitorum profundus were
      all repaired. A depression was noted in the middle phalanx at surgery. Osseous
      reconstruction of the defect in the middle phalanx was shown on follow-up x-ray
      films.

PMID- 3711626
TI  - Stress fracture of the ulnar diaphysis: review of the literature and report of a
      case.
AB  - A 22-year-old athlete developed chronic pain in the forearm aggravated by weight
      lifting. Physical examination revealed localized tenderness at the junction of
      the middle and distal third of the ulnar diaphysis. X-ray films revealed an
      osteolytic lesion at the same level. The patient developed an overt fracture at
      the same site when he failed to stop sports activities against advice. The
      fracture healed uneventfully with immobilization in a sleeve cast.

PMID- 3711627
TI  - The angiocatheter in the management of hand injuries.

PMID- 3711628
TI  - Guyon's canal decompression.

PMID- 3711629
TI  - Pseudotendon formation.

PMID- 3711630
TI  - Distal replantation.

PMID- 3711631
TI  - Social stratification and self-management of health.

PMID- 3711632
TI  - Patterns of decision making in multihospital systems.

PMID- 3711633
TI  - Occupational stress and health among men and women in the Tecumseh Community
      Health Study.

PMID- 3711634
TI  - Perceived support, received support, and adjustment to stressful life events.

PMID- 3711635
TI  - The effect of police and mental health intervention on juvenile deviance:
      specifying contingencies in the impact of formal reaction.

PMID- 3711636
TI  - Abnormal bone production associated with mutant mouse genes pa and we.
AB  - A syndrome including deficient linear, endochondral, and radial bone growth
      associated with severe cervico-thoracic lordosis, decreased intrathoracic volume,
      atelectasis, and early death has been noted in mice possessing the phenotypes of
      the recessive mutant genes pallid (pa) and wellhaarig (we) as the result of
      recombination of chromosome 2 between these genes. The syndrome is not seen in
      the parental strains, which are homozygous for the chromosomal segment containing
      one or the other gene (pa +/pa + or + we/+ we), nor in the intercross mice
      heterozygous for both genes in the trans configuration (pa+/+we). The abnormal
      offspring appeared randomly in the breeding colony with no F1 breeding pair
      producing more than one pa we mouse. These observations rule out the presence of
      a mutant gene, fixed or unfixed, as an explanation for this syndrome. We
      hypothesize that the syndrome is the result of the complementary action of the
      genes or the chromosomal segments containing the genes pa and we or weBkr. The
      posited synergism is further supported by the finding that we, which functions as
      a recessive gene in mice of the pa/+ genotype, appears to function as a dominant
      gene in mice possessing the pa/pa genotype.

PMID- 3711637
TI  - A trimeric esterase in the common shrew.
AB  - A variable kidney esterase found in the common shrew has a trimeric structure as
      indicated by the phenotypes of heterozygotes. From substrate specificity and
      tissue distribution this enzyme appears to be homologous with esterase-6 of the
      mouse, also a trimeric enzyme. It is suggested that a trimeric esterase may have
      been a feature of early eutherian mammals.

PMID- 3711638
TI  - Pop-eye: an inherited Z-linked keratoglobus in the chicken.
AB  - A Z-linked recessive mutation in the domestic fowl is reported that results in a
      keratoglobus of both eyes. It does not appear to have any effect on the vision of
      affected individuals. The keratoglobus is not noticeable at hatching, but becomes
      obvious by 5-6 weeks of age. The mutant has been designated pop-eye, gene symbol
      pop. Initial studies suggest linkage with the late feathering (K) locus, and with
      the NM 7092 t (Z;1) translocation, which had previously been shown to be closely
      linked with Z-linked silver (S). There appear to be no other detrimental effects
      associated with this mutant. Preliminary analysis of T3 and T4 thyroid hormone
      levels do not indicate any thyroid malfunction.

PMID- 3711639
TI  - A new type of Robertsonian translocation in the domestic dog.
AB  - A cytogenetic analysis of 112 domestic dogs led to the detection of a new
      Robertsonian translocation (Robertsonian translocation 1/31). This translocation
      was restricted to the poodle breed; it occurred in high frequency and was
      encountered in the homozygous and heterozygous state.

PMID- 3711640
TI  - Sterility in honey bees caused by dimethyl sulfoxide.
AB  - Honey bee (Apis mellifera) semen was treated as follows: diluted in saline with
      10 percent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and stored at -196 degrees C; same treatment
      but stored at 12 degrees C; diluted in saline and stored at 12 degrees C; and
      undiluted, unstored semen. Daughters (queens) produced from the treated
      spermatozoa were evaluated for total sterility. Only sterile eggs were produced
      from 3 percent of the queens in both groups that had DMSO (5/166 in group 1, and
      6/234 in group 2). They were different (P less than 0.05) from groups 3 and 4 in
      which no queens were produced that laid only sterile eggs (0/151 and 0/137,
      respectively). These results demonstrate that, under the conditions used, a low
      level of sterility is induced by DMSO, and this F1 sterility raises questions
      about possible genetic damage by DMSO.

PMID- 3711641
TI  - Spontaneous occurrence of XYY primary spermatocytes in the Sitka deer mouse.
AB  - Analysis of microspread, silver-stained primary spermatocytes from chromosomally
      and phenotypically normal Peromyscus sitkensis revealed the occurrence of XYY
      zygotene and pachytene nuclei at low frequency in three of eight individuals
      examined. Observed pairing configurations of sex chromosomes included a trivalent
      and a Y bivalent-X univalent. The data suggest that premeiotic nondisjunction may
      be involved in the origination of XYY chromosomal conditions.

PMID- 3711642
TI  - Mutant allele frequencies in cats of Minneapolis-St. Paul.
AB  - Coat color phenotype frequencies were determined in the cat population of
      Minneapolis and St. Paul. Mutant allele frequencies are estimated to be p (O) =
      0.287, q(a) = 0.742, q(d) = 0.635, q(l) = 0.507, p(S) = 0.288. q(tb) = 0.472,
      p(W) = 0.016, and q(cs) = 0.214. A substantial number of cats displaying the
      Siamese coat pattern were found. These cats have a long history in the
      population.

PMID- 3711643
TI  - Selective breeding for variations in patterns of mystacial vibrissae of mice.
      Bilaterally symmetrical strains derived from ICR stock.
AB  - The establishment of certain patterns of mystacial vibrissae in mice has been the
      aim of an extensive breeding program carried on in this laboratory since 1977. In
      a companion paper we have reported on variations in this pattern in an outbred
      population of ICR mice. Starting with 21 ICR animals we bred, mostly by brother
      sister mating, for 13 bilaterally symmetric patterns of mystacial vibrissae
      characterized by the presence (or absence) of supernumerary whiskers (SWs). The
      strains are classified as follows: I, a mouse strain with the standard pattern;
      II, eight strains bred for the occurrence of SWs at a given site or sites; and
      III, four mouse strains bred for a maximal number of SWs in different regions of
      the whiskerpad. Commonly, SWs occur in regions that coincide with the zones of
      mergence between the three facial processes except for two class II strains in
      which we bred for SWs in the "straddler" row of vibrissae, and for one class III
      strain, in which we cultivated the tendency (that appeared late in our program)
      to have SWs at the crest of a facial process. For classes I and II we analyzed
      the results for about 18 generations in terms of "improvement," meaning an
      increase in the percentages of animals with the desired phenotype together with a
      decreased frequency of undesired SWs. For class III, success in breeding meant
      the increase of the mean number of the desired SWs. All results led to the same
      conclusion: there is a genetic basis for the occurrence of SWs. The side
      preference of a particular SW is not strain dependent. It disappears in those
      class I and II strains in which almost 100% of animals obtained the desired
      phenotype. The increase in number of SWs in one zone of mergence does not depend
      on the presence of SWs in the other. Where tested, we almost always found a
      representation of an SW in a topologically equivalent location within the
      "barrelfield" area of the somatosensory cerebral cortex. Except for some diseases
      early in the breeding program, and some side effects of inbreeding that were
      eliminated, the population was without obvious defects. Where tested, there was
      no correlation between the occurrence of SWs and sex. The observed variations in
      pattern of mystacial vibrissae and their genetic background led us to propose a
      morphogenetic model for the formation of the pattern of mystacial vibrissae.

PMID- 3711644
TI  - Medical management of the burned patient.

PMID- 3711645
TI  - Hazards of Slow K. Small bowel perforation following slow release potassium
      chloride therapy.

PMID- 3711646
TI  - Acute Wernicke's encephalopathy in a recently recovered alcoholic.

PMID- 3711647
TI  - Trends in distribution of colorectal cancer at the Methodist Hospital of Indiana.
      An evaluation of 20 years' experience at a community hospital.

PMID- 3711648
TI  - Management of the incidentally discovered tuberculin reactor.

PMID- 3711649
TI  - Indiana radiographers: manpower assessment.

PMID- 3711650
TI  - Physician-patient confidentiality. Legal etiology and ramifications.

PMID- 3711651
TI  - Drug information: how much is too much? Suggestions for improving the sources of
      drug information.

PMID- 3711652
TI  - Progression of errors in morphometry. Estimation of particle number density.
AB  - We have developed procedures whereby the progression of errors in various methods
      of morphometric data extrapolation may be evaluated. The analysis is
      straightforward and simple. We suggest that before collecting data, one should
      estimate the accepted fluctuations of the various parameters. Then, by
      calculation of propagation of errors, the most suitable method may be chosen, so
      that the data extracted will have an acceptable coefficient of variation. Higher
      precision carries a cost of time and/or money, and may not be necessary.

PMID- 3711653
TI  - [Medical findings on the trochlear nerve].
AB  - The exit-zone, the intracisternal course, the course in the sidewall of the
      cavernous sinus and inside the orbit were measured at 91 head-halves. Included
      are measurements of the length of the area nervosa, its nerve fibers and its
      distance to the total extracerebral length of the IVth nerve is estimated. The
      results are discussed with earlier investigations and some clinical approaches
      and neurophysiological methods are given.

PMID- 3711654
TI  - Habenular connections in the brain of the newt, Triturus cristatus carnifex
      Laurenti.
AB  - The connections of the habenular complex have been studied in the crested newt
      (Amphibia Urodela) by means of degeneration and HRP transport techniques. With
      the Fink-Heimer method, habenular efferents have been traced to the basal
      telencephalon, the pallium, the stria medullaris, the dorsal and ventral
      thalamus, the preoptic and anterior hypothalamus, the fasciculus retroflexus, the
      tegmentum and the interpeduncular neuropil. Anterograde transport of HRP by
      habenular neurons reveals fibers projections to the thalamus, the fasciculus
      retroflexus and the interpeduncular neuropil. After HRP injections in the
      habenulae, retrograde labelling of cells and fibres was observed, in the
      striatum, the posterior pole of the telencephalon, the thalamus, the preoptic
      area, the tegmentum and the raphe. The present results indicate that the
      habenular complex of the newt receives inputs of various sources (striatum,
      thalamus, hypothalamus, tegmentum) and is less directly involved in the olfactory
      functions.

PMID- 3711655
TI  - [Anatomy and development of the visual system of Pleurodeles poiretti].
AB  - After a deposit of HRP crystals in one eye of larval and adult Pleurodeles and
      the PAP immunocytochemical procedure, the organization of the visual system was
      described at stages 36, 45; 52 and postmetamorphic (according to Gallien and
      Durocher, 1975) and in the adult. At hatching stage, the retinopreoptic and the
      accessory pathways differentiate, soon after the retino-thalamico-pretectal
      pathway appears. The tectum differentiates later and a true retinotectal bundle
      can be seen only after the end of metamorphosis. In the whole, the pattern of the
      normal system is very simple in Pleurodeles especially as regard the ipsilateral
      fibres which never reach the tectum. This rudimentary organization lead us to
      conclude that the Pleurodeles and the Protopterus visual patterns are very
      similar.

PMID- 3711656
TI  - [Variations in the activity and sexual dimorphism of hippocampal pyramidal
      neurons during the postnatal development of the rat].
AB  - The CA 1 pyramidal neurons of the dorsal and ventral hippocampus as also the
      neurons of the granular layer of the parietal cortex, which were investigated in
      comparison, show karyovolumetrically revealed significant variations of their
      activities during the postnatal development of the rat (between the 5th and 60th
      postnatal day). These variations represent the total expression of the gene
      activities related to the development and differentiation as also to the
      synchronously requested specific performances of the neurons for the organism.
      They are characterized by a more or less distinct regional specificity as also a
      sexual dimorphism--especially distinct during the first 3...4 weeks of postnatal
      development--beside several distinct principal coincidences. Characteristic are
      the peaks of activity at the 10th and 20th day of postnatal life and additionally
      at the 45th day in male animals. The activation of the hippocampal pyramidal
      neurons as also of the neurons in the granular layer of the parietal cortex from
      day 5 to day 10 of the postnatal development, which comes to appearance as an
      increase of cell nuclear volume between 35,2 and 142,5 per cent, coincides with
      the growing period of the central nervous system, which lasts in the rat till the
      10th postnatal day, and with the postnatal initial phase of several extracerebral
      developmental, differentiation and maturation processes. The variations of
      neuronal activities occurring after the 10th day and ceasing in the 4th week of
      the postnatal development coincide with the maturation period of the central
      nervous system and of the extracerebral systems. The peak of activity appearing
      around the 45th day of life in male rats seems to be related to the puberty. The
      sexual dimorphism of the hippocampal pyramidal neurons as also of the neurons in
      the granular layer of the parietal cortex, realized in the cell nuclear volume
      resp. neuronal activity, is apparently the reflection of the sexual specific
      differentiation of the central nervous system and is a partial phenomenon of the
      complex dimorphism of the both sexes. It shows also a regional specific
      character.

PMID- 3711657
TI  - Mortality in patients of the Glasgow Blood Pressure Clinic.
AB  - The mortality of 3783 non-malignant hypertensive patients attending the Glasgow
      Blood Pressure Clinic between 1968 and 1983 and followed for an average of 6.5
      years was compared with that in three control groups: the general population of
      Strathclyde a group of 15 422 subjects aged 45-64 years and screened in Renfrew
      and Paisley between 1972 and 1976, and a group of hypertensives seen in a blood
      pressure clinic based on general practice in Renfrew. Average blood pressure for
      men at entry to the Glasgow Clinic was 181/111 mmHg falling to 158/96 mmHg during
      treatment. Corresponding values for women were 185/109 mmHg and 161/96 mmHg.
      Seven hundred and fifty clinic patients (451 males) died during follow-up, the
      commonest causes of death in both sexes being myocardial infarction and stroke.
      All-cause age-adjusted mortality (deaths per 1000 patient-years) was 41.4 for men
      and 22.1 for women. At all ages in both sexes and for all levels of initial blood
      pressure mortality was less in patients whose blood pressure was reduced most.
      Without a randomized control group it is not certain that lower mortality in
      those with well controlled blood pressure was due to treatment, although this is
      the most likely explanation. Cigarette smoking, a history of myocardial
      infarction, angina or stroke, retinal arterio-venous nipping, raised blood urea,
      an abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) and secondary hypertension were associated
      with increased risk, but heavy alcohol intake, obesity, haematocrit greater than
      45%, hypokalaemia and social class were not. Life table analysis showed that,
      despite some reduction of mortality by treatment, the relative risk to men and
      women in the clinic remained two- to five-times that of the general population.
      The benefits of treatment were not such as to restore normal expectation of life
      even when blood pressure was well controlled. Excess mortality in the clinic
      could not be explained by difference of smoking habit or social class. This
      suggests that there is in the hypertensive patients of the Glasgow Clinic an
      element of irreducible risk, that treatment may be beneficial in some respects
      but harmful in others, or that patients at particularly high risk are selectively
      referred to the clinic.

PMID- 3711658
TI  - Influence of long-term antihypertensive therapy on cardiac function, coronary
      flow and myocardial oxygen consumption in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - The relationships between cardiac performance, coronary flow, coronary vascular
      resistance at maximal vasodilatation and myocardial oxygen consumption were
      determined in isolated hearts from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR),
      normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and from SHR given metoprolol (beta 1
      selective blocker) and felodipine (selective calcium antagonist) for 35 weeks. A
      working heart perfusion system was used. An oxygen electrode allowed continuous
      measurement of oxygen tension in the venous coronary effluent. Blood pressure was
      reduced close to normal levels in treated SHR. Treatment also caused a
      substantial reduction of left ventricular weight. In both treated and untreated
      SHR, maximal cardiac performance, expressed as peak stroke volume, was enhanced
      above that of WKY at high perfusion pressures, while performance at low perfusion
      pressures was clearly reduced in the former groups. At a given workload,
      myocardial oxygen consumption (mmol O2/min per g) was reduced in both groups of
      SHR. This suggests a physiological structural adaptation to an elevated cardiac
      load in hypertension, where more myofibrils contribute to produce a given amount
      of work and therefore less oxygen is consumed per unit muscle mass. Coronary flow
      was reduced at any given perfusion pressure and oxygen extraction was increased
      in untreated SHR versus WKY. By causing regression of hypertensive structural
      vascular changes, treatment markedly increased coronary flow and correspondingly
      decreased oxygen extraction. Thus, by enhancing the myocardial nutritional supply
      with antihypertensive treatment, the reduced cardiac function at low perfusion
      pressure in untreated SHR was almost normalized.

PMID- 3711659
TI  - A study of 48-hour faecal and urinary electrolyte excretion in normotensive black
      and white South African males.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that 24-h urinary sodium (Na) excretion is similar in
      blacks and in whites. However, a significantly lower potassium (K) excretion by
      blacks, with a consequent rise in the Na:K excretion ratio, has been observed.
      Faecal electrolyte excretion has not been measured. Ten normotensive blacks and
      11 normotensive whites on a free diet were studied. Simultaneous 48-h urine and
      faecal collections were made. The results of the urinary measurements were in
      accordance with those of previous studies, in that 24-h urinary K excretion by
      blacks (38.2 +/- 12.4 mmol) was significantly lower than that of whites (78.3 +/-
      16.6 mmol). As a result, there was a significantly higher urinary Na:K ratio in
      the black group. The mean 24-h faecal K excretion of the black group (15 +/- 7.3
      mmol) was not significantly lower, even when corrected for weight, than that of
      the white group (20.8 +/- 10.8 mmol). It is concluded that the low urinary K
      excretion of South African urban blacks, compared with whites, is a reflection of
      a lower dietary K intake.

PMID- 3711660
TI  - Separate ontogeny of two macrophage-like accessory cell populations in the human
      fetus.
AB  - Human macrophage-like accessory cells were analyzed as they emerge in the absence
      of extrinsic antigens during fetal development. Monoclonal antibodies to
      monocytes/macrophages were used in combination with antibodies to HLA class II
      molecules. In the yolk sac and mesenchyme sampled at wk 4 to 6 of fertilization
      age, cells with dendritic morphology formed two populations distinguishable by
      phenotypic criteria: type i (majority) carried both macrophage-associated (RFD7+)
      and monocyte-associated markers (UCHM1+) but no detectable HLA-DR antigen, and
      type ii (minority) constitutively expressed class II (HLA-DR and -DP) but no RFD7
      and UCHM1. The emergence of this heterogeneity preceded the formation of both
      thymus and bone marrow. During additional development, type i and type ii cells
      seeded to different microenvironments and underwent some additional phenotypic
      changes. Cells of type i, the RFD7+ population with high lysosomal (acid
      phosphatase) activity, were seen in the thymic cortex, marginal zone of lymph
      nodes, splenic red pulp, and in the midst of erythropoietic activity within the
      bone marrow. These cells were UCHM1- and class II-. Cells of type ii formed the
      population of HLA-DR+, RFD7- interdigitating cells, early inhabitants of T cell
      areas in the developing thymic medulla, lymph nodes, spleen, and tonsil. The Type
      ii cells that had already settled in their niches expressed not only HLA-DR and 
      DP but also HLA-DQ, and another class II antigen identified by the antibody RFD1,
      which shows the restricted tissue distribution of HLA-DQ, but is governed by
      genes that are outside of and telomeric to the HLA-DQ region (or HLA-DR).
      Finally, subpopulations of macrophages (RFD7+, acid phosphatase-positive) in the
      fetal gastrointestinal and hepatic systems were HLA-DR+; the latter appear to
      include precursors of Kupffer cells in the developing liver.

PMID- 3711661
TI  - Activated terminal complement in cerebrospinal fluid in Guillain-Barre syndrome
      and multiple sclerosis.
AB  - A quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the
      concentration of fluid-phase complement C5b-9 complexes (SC5b-9) in the
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 14 patients with acute monophasic Guillain-Barre
      Syndrome (GBS), 21 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), and 11 patients with
      noninflammatory central nervous system (CNS) diseases. SC5b-9 complexes were
      detected in the CSF of 13 of 14 patients with acute GBS (mean, 3.08
      micrograms/ml; range, 0 to 7.1 micrograms/ml) and 16 of 21 patients with MS
      (mean, 1.83 micrograms/ml; range, 0 to 7.5 micrograms/ml). In the control group
      of patients with noninflammatory CNS diseases, SC5b-9 was not detected in eight
      of 11 and was present in low concentrations in the remaining three patients
      (mean, 0.28 micrograms/ml; range, 0 to 1.7 micrograms/ml). The finding of SC5b-9
      complexes in the CSF of patients with GBS and MS suggests that terminal
      complement components may participate in the tissue-damaging processes in these
      diseases.

PMID- 3711662
TI  - Evidence that Leishmania donovani utilizes a mannose receptor on human
      mononuclear phagocytes to establish intracellular parasitism.
AB  - The pathogenic protozoan Leishmania donovani must gain entrance into mononuclear
      phagocytes to successfully parasitize man. The parasite's extra-cellular
      promastigote stage is ingested by human peripheral blood monocytes or monocyte
      derived macrophages in the absence of serum, in a manner characteristic of
      receptor-mediated endocytosis. We have found remarkable similarities between the
      macrophage receptor(s) for promastigotes and a previously characterized
      eucaryotic receptor system, the mannose/fucose receptor (MFR), that mediates the
      binding of zymosan particles and mannose- or fucose-terminal glycoconjugates to
      macrophages. Ingestion of promastigotes by monocyte-derived macrophages was
      inhibited by several MFR ligands. Mannan (2.5 mg/ml) decreased ingestion by 63.7%
      (p less than 0.001), and the neoglycoproteins mannose-BSA and fucose-BSA (20
      micrograms/ml) inhibited parasite ingestion by 46.5% and 39.6%, respectively (p
      less than 0.04). In contrast, promastigote ingestion by monocytes was unaffected
      by MFR ligands. These results are consistent with reports that MFR activity is
      present in monocyte-derived macrophages but not in monocytes. Furthermore,
      attachment of promastigotes to macrophages, assessed by using cytochalasin D to
      prevent phagocytosis, was reduced 49.8% by mannan. Reorientation of the MFR to
      the ventral surface of the cell was achieved by plating macrophages onto mannan
      coated coverslips, reducing MFR activity on the exposed cell surface by 94% as
      assessed by binding of 125I-mannose-BSA. Under these conditions, ingestion of
      promastigotes was inhibited by 71.4% (p less than 0.006). Internalization of the
      MFR by exposure of macrophages to zymosan before infection with promastigotes
      resulted in a 62.3% decrease in parasite ingestion (p less than 0.006).
      Additionally NH4Cl, a weak lysosomotropic base that impairs MFR recycling,
      decreased macrophage ingestion of promastigotes by 38.2% (p less than 0.03, 30 mM
      NH4Cl). Subinhibitory concentrations of NH4Cl (10 mM) and of mannan (0.25 mg/ml)
      together inhibited parasite ingestion by 76.4% (p less than 0.002). These studies
      suggest that L. donovani promastigotes may utilize a receptor system on human
      monocyte-derived macrophages, the MFR, to efficiently parasitize the human host.

PMID- 3711664
TI  - Synergistic defense system by cooperative natural effectors against metastasis of
      B16 melanoma cells in H-2-associated control: different behavior of H-2+ and H-2-
      cells in metastatic processes.
AB  - H-2+ and H-2- cells of B16 melanoma were established by repeated fluorescence
      activated cell sorting. The H-2- line formed no metastasis in untreated C57BL/6
      mice, whereas the H-2+ cells showed evidence of metastatic development. This
      difference was ascribed mainly to the increased susceptibility of H-2- cells to
      attack by natural effector mechanisms, particularly asialo GM1+ NK cells. After
      treatment with both anti-asialo GM1 serum and whole body irradiation (400 rad),
      numerous colonies of H-2- cells formed in the lung, whereas the metastasis was
      only marginally enhanced by irradiation and moderately by treatment with anti
      asialo GM1 serum. With the H-2+ cells, treatment with each modality significantly
      increased the number of metastatic colonies. Therefore collaboration of asialo
      GM1+ NK cells and radiosensitive natural effectors seems to be the main mechanism
      involved in the synergistic effects on defense against H-2- cell metastasis, and
      to a lesser extent against H-2+ cell metastasis. Irradiation (1000 rad) to the
      right lung to abrogate the organ-associated defense increased the colonies,
      particularly in the H-2+ cells. On the other hand, treatment with anti-asialo GM1
      serum increased colonization in the early phase of metastasis with H-2- cells and
      may have abolished asialo GM1+ NK cells capable of recognizing the reduced
      expression of H-2 antigens and eliminating H-2- cells in the blood-born phase.
      Natural defense mechanisms probably exert suppressive effects on the metastasis
      of H-2+ cells, mainly in the organ-associated phase after extravasation.

PMID- 3711663
TI  - Cytolytic interactions between murine macrophages, tumor cells, and monoclonal
      antibodies: characterization of lytic conditions and requirements for effector
      activation.
AB  - Because of recent successes in inducing the effective rejection of neoplasms in
      vivo by administration of monoclonal antibodies (MAb), we analyzed lytic
      interactions in vitro that occur between macrophages and several combinations of
      tumor targets and MAb that can lead to such successful immunotherapy. Murine
      macrophages, interacting with MAb of the IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG3 isotypes
      directed against SW-1116 carcinoma cells, destroyed the tumor targets efficiently
      over 24 to 48 hr in vitro. Lysis was dependent on both concentration of the MAb
      and density of the macrophages. Binding and lysis of the targets in the presence
      of MAb of the IgG2a isotype was dependent on intact Fc gamma 2aR on the
      macrophages; target binding was necessary but not sufficient for subsequent
      lysis. The lytic step appeared to have an oxidative basis, at least in part, as
      shown by inhibition of lysis with a nonspecific scavenger of H2O2 or under either
      anaerobic or glucose-deprived conditions. TG-elicited or pyran-elicited
      macrophages, which are incompletely activated for antibody independent kill of
      tumor cells, were effective in mediating ADCC. By contrast, macrophages fully
      activated for direct cytolysis by administration of BCG or Propionibacterium
      acnes in vivo or by MAF and LPS in vitro, had diminished capacity for ADCC. A
      spectrum of five other tumor cells and antibodies, four of which are also
      involved in successful models of immunotherapy in vivo, were also killed over 48
      hr more effectively by thioglycolate-elicited than by BCG-activated macrophages.
      Taken together, the data indicate that macrophages can lyse tumor cells in an
      ADCC reaction that has application to some models of the destruction of tumors in
      vivo, but that the lysis is slow and requires the macrophages to be activated in
      a specific way(s).

PMID- 3711665
TI  - Monocyte-mediated augmentation of human natural killer cell activity: conditions,
      monocyte and effector cell characteristics.
AB  - The characteristics of the effector cells and monocytes, and conditions required
      for the monocyte-mediated augmentation of human natural killer (NK) cell activity
      were investigated. Enriched null cell populations were further fractionated by
      Percoll centrifugation and used as effector cells. The LGL-enriched fraction was
      less susceptible than either the unfractionated cells or the other Percoll
      fractions to the monocyte augmentation when mixed with monocytes in the chromium
      release assay and when precultured with monocytes for 12 hr, retrieved by
      carbonyl iron treatment, and tested for NK activity against K562. This
      differential susceptibility was reflected at the single cell level. The LGL
      enriched Percoll fraction did not display the increase in target-binding cells
      with lytic activity that was exhibited by the other effector cell preparations
      after culture with monocytes. No differences in Leu-7 and Leu-11 phenotypes were
      detected between enriched null cells that had been cultured with and without
      monocytes for 12 hr. At the monocyte level, it was shown that pretreatment of the
      monocytes with LPS did not alter their NK-augmenting activity appreciably.
      Glutaraldehyde-fixed monocytes were not effective, and actinomycin D-treated
      monocytes were less effective than untreated or irradiated monocytes when mixed
      with enriched null cells in the assay. Actinomycin D-treated monocytes did not
      augment and possibly suppressed NK activity tested after 12-hr culture, and
      irradiated monocytes were less effective for augmenting NK activity than
      untreated cells. Monocyte-mediated augmentation could be detected when the medium
      used for null cell-monocyte coculture was supplemented with a) different lots of
      fetal bovine serum, b) human AB serum, c) autologous serum, or d) no serum.
      Polymyxin B and indomethacin did not alter the monocyte effect. Finally, the
      monocyte-mediated augmentation of human NK was not MHC restricted, since
      allogeneic combinations were also effective. These results suggest that 1)
      lymphocytes other than LGL participate in the monocyte-mediated augmentation of
      NK activity, 2) the augmentation is probably activational rather than
      maturational, 3) the monocytes must be viable to be effective when mixed with
      null cells during the assay, 4) de novo RNA and/or protein synthesis by the
      monocytes is required for the monocytes to induce augmented activity in null
      cells after 12-hr coculture, 5) prostaglandin synthesis and endotoxin are
      probably not involved in the augmentation, 6) the phenomenon is not MHC
      restricted, and 7) monocytes may express augmentative and suppressive activities
      concurrently.

PMID- 3711666
TI  - Detection of a regulatory idiotype on a spontaneous neonatal self-reactive
      hybridoma antibody.
AB  - To investigate the physiologic relevance of an idiotype-driven regulation of the
      immune system, we began a search for spontaneous self-reactive hybridomas in
      neonatal BALB/c mice. We sought hybridoma antibodies reactive with thyroglobulin
      (Tg) and expressing Id62, a recurrent idiotype with regulatory properties borne
      on induced adult autoantibodies to Tg. We describe herein such a neonatal Tg
      binding/Id62-positive monoclonal antibody (mAb) B10H2, and compare it with
      prototype mAb 62, an adult Tg-binding/Id62-positive mAb. Both mAb react with the
      same Tg epitope, as demonstrated by their abilities to totally inhibit the
      binding of the other to Tg. Moreover, as assessed by a double-reciprocal plot of
      their binding to Tg, their relative affinities for Tg are comparable. Likewise,
      mAb B10H2 appears idiotypically similar to mAb 62 because it totally inhibits the
      binding of mAb 62 to homologous anti-idiotype. Finally, as previously shown for
      mAb 62, mAb B10H2 expresses Id62 independently on both heavy (H) and light (L)
      chains, as evidenced by the immunoblot binding of a specific anti-Id62 probe to
      separated H and L chains. By molecular genetic analysis both antibodies appear to
      have made use of a member of the same VH 7183 gene family. Altogether, these
      findings suggest that neonatal mAb B10H2 and adult mAb 62 are very similar if not
      identical, and regulatory idiotype Id62 may be germline encoded. Furthermore this
      observation supports, in general, the concept of an idiotype-driven regulation
      for autoimmune responses.

PMID- 3711667
TI  - Elimination of terminal complement complexes in the plasma membrane of nucleated
      cells: influence of extracellular Ca2+ and association with cellular Ca2+.
AB  - Nucleated cells, unlike erythrocytes, are able to survive limited complement
      attack by eliminating potentially cytolytic complement channels from the plasma
      membrane (PM) by processes that involve, plasma membrane (PM) by processes that
      involve, but may not be limited to, endocytosis. The observation that C5b-9
      channels, as well as C5b-8 and C5b-7 intermediates, are rapidly eliminated from
      the cell surface of nucleated cells has prompted us to examine whether terminal
      complement complexes stimulate membrane events that lead to accelerated
      elimination of these complexes. We have suggested previously that ion flux
      through terminal complement complexes might influence the rate of elimination on
      the basis of our finding that terminal complement complexes with larger
      functional channel sizes are more rapidly eliminated. In this study, we examined
      the role of Ca2+ on the elimination rate of terminal complement complexes in the
      PM of Ehrlich cells, because changes in Ca2+ flux across the PM are known to
      influence many metabolic activities including endocytosis. To determine the
      elimination rate for terminal complement complexes by functional analysis, cells
      bearing C5b-7 or C5b-8 complexes with or without a sublytic dose of C9 were
      incubated at 37 degrees C for various time intervals before converting the
      remaining complexes to lytic C5b-9 channels. The initial elimination rates for
      the terminal complement complexes were compared in the presence of 0.015, 0.15,
      and 1.5 mM CaCl2 in the medium. Sufficient lowering of the extracellular Ca2+
      concentration, (Ca2+)o, resulted in prolonging the elimination of each of the
      terminal complement complexes to a different extent. The effect of (Ca2+)o on the
      elimination rate was most pronounced for C5b-8 in the presence of a sublytic
      number of C5b-9, with less of an effect on C5b-8 alone, and the least effect with
      C5b-7. The elimination rates for terminal complement complexes were also
      determined by measuring the persistence of C5b antigen on the cell surface at 37
      degrees C in the presence of various (Ca2+)o by using fluorescence-activated cell
      sorter analysis and were comparable with that obtained by functional analysis.
      Examination of the effect of terminal complement complexes on the cellular Ca2+
      concentration, (Ca2+)i, revealed that these complexes increased the (Ca2+)i in
      proportion with the known functional pore size of the terminal complement complex
      in the PM. In addition, Quin 2, which can buffer internal Ca2+ transients, was
      found to increase the susceptibility of Ehrlich cells to lysis by C5b-9, further
      suggesting a relationship between the (Ca2+)i and the elimination
      process.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3711668
TI  - Rheumatoid factor production in 129/Sv mice: involvement of an intestinal
      infectious agent.
AB  - High titers of IgG2a-specific rheumatoid factors (RF) are frequently observed in
      colonies of 129/Sv mice. The involvement of a transmissible agent in this
      phenomenon was shown by the following findings: (i) cesarean-derived and isolator
      reared offsprings of RF-positive dams were free of RF, ii) a single intragastric
      inoculation with intestinal fluid from RF-positive donors elicited chronic RF
      production in RF-negative recipients, and iii) intestinal fluid collected from
      these primary recipients induced a comparable RF response in a second set of
      animals. The nature of this RF-inducing agent, however, remained elusive.
      Although its ability to pass through filters that efficiently retained bacteria
      could be unequivocally established, systematic serological analysis failed to
      detect any significant correlation between RF production and antibody responses
      to common mouse viruses or Mycoplasma. Moreover, all attempts to identify the RF
      inducing agent by electron microscopy or to grow it in nude or newborn mice, as
      well as in cell cultures, remained unsuccessful.

PMID- 3711669
TI  - Murine melanoma-specific tumor rejection activity elicited by a purified,
      melanoma-associated antigen.
AB  - B700 is a melanoma-specific glycoprotein antigen, with a m.w. of 65,000 and an
      isoelectric point of 4.5; this antigen has been shown to bear significant
      sequence homology to a normally occurring protein, serum albumin. The production
      of B700 is apparently restricted to all the murine melanomas tested, since a
      variety of other transformed and untransformed cell lines do not contain
      detectable levels of this antigen. The capacity of B700 to function as a tumor
      specific transplantation antigen (TSTA) is demonstrated in this study. This
      activity has been titrated, and it is shown that mice immunized with B700 are
      able to significantly inhibit the growth of B16 F10 melanomas after subcutaneous
      challenge; immunized mice can also inhibit the establishment and growth of
      experimental metastases in the lungs after i.v. challenge with B16 melanoma
      cells. The TSTA was found to cross-protect also against challenge with two other
      murine melanoma lines, JB/RH and K1735, but was specific in that the growth of
      two nonmelanoma lines (RBL-5 leukemia and MCA-105 sarcoma) was not affected. B700
      is also shown in this study to be unrelated to other known murine tumor antigens,
      or to murine leukemia virus antigens. It is further shown that mice immunized
      with B700 produced antibodies specific to B700 that were not cross-reactive with
      albumins from various mammalian sources.

PMID- 3711670
TI  - Evaluation of protocols for purification of mouse monoclonal antibodies. Yield
      and purity in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
AB  - Protocols for purification of mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) from nude mice
      ascites were investigated in order to assess the yield and to compare the
      purified products in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DGE). Three MAbs (one
      IgG2 and two IgG1), selected for their differing behaviours towards protein A,
      were purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation and/or gel filtration, anion
      exchange (DEAE), hydroxylapatite and affinity (protein A) chromatography, or by a
      combination of these methods. Protein A constantly provided the highest purity
      whatever the IgG subclass. The best results in terms of yields and purity were a
      function of the optimization of the protein A protocol. In our study, they were
      obtained in a 3 h protocol (IgG2), a 16 h protocol with discontinuous pH gradient
      method (IgG1 with sufficiently high affinity for protein A) or a multi-step
      protocol involving DEAE and protein A (IgG1 with low affinity for protein A).
      DEAE chromatography alone provided a slightly better yield, but only moderate
      purity. Hydroxylapatite chromatography appeared to be less potent in terms of
      yield, purity and day-to-day reproducibility. Salt precipitation and gel
      filtration enabled only relative enrichment of the MAb solution. Some degradation
      products of both heavy and light chains clearly appeared in the 2DGE patterns of
      antibodies purified by different protocols, and seem to be partly related to the
      elution pH and to the duration of the purification procedure. Finally, this work
      highlights considerable heterogeneity not only between two different MAbs of the
      IgG1 subclass but also within a monoclonal population of immunoglobulins.

PMID- 3711671
TI  - Determination of the growth fraction in cell suspensions by flow cytometry using
      the monoclonal antibody Ki-67.
AB  - A novel procedure for determining the growth fraction of cell suspensions by flow
      cytometry is described. This method identifies proliferating cells by binding the
      monoclonal antibody Ki-67 to a nuclear antigen present in all cells that are in
      the G1, S, G2, and M phase of the cell cycle, but not in the G0 phase. In a
      kinetic study of Na cell line U937 using concanavalin A for stimulation of
      peripheral blood mononuclear cells, a steady increase of Ki-67 positive cells
      evaluated by flow cytometry was observed. Simultaneously, the [3H]thymidine
      uptake of the ConA blasts was measured and compared to the expression of Ki-67. A
      linear correlation between the percentage of Ki-67 positive cells and the log
      transformed counts per minute was demonstrated, and staining with Ki-67 detected
      cell proliferation with the same sensitivity as 3H-TdR uptake. In addition, it
      was possible to stain Ki-67-labelled cells with a second cell marker if a second
      fluorescent dye coupled to an antibody was used. This provided the opportunity to
      define precisely the phenotype of proliferating cells. Conversely, the number of
      proliferating cells expressing certain preselected surface markers could be
      easily determined.

PMID- 3711672
TI  - Counter current line deflection immunoelectrophoresis. A technique for the
      quantification of antibodies.
AB  - Combining the electrophoretic principles of counter current immunoelectrophoresis
      and deflection of line precipitates in line immunoelectrophoresis provides a new
      technique for quantitative determination of antibodies against specific antigens
      (CCLD electrophoresis), even if no purified antigen or monospecific antibodies
      are available for construction of the detection system. We have used the method
      for quantitative determination of antibodies against the flagellum of Treponema
      phagedenis biotype Reiter and compared the diagnostic potential of this method in
      the diagnosis of syphilis with an ELISA method for the quantification of IgG
      antibodies against the flagellum. The CCLD electrophoresis could be optimized to
      a diagnostic performance very similar to that achieved using the ELISA method.

PMID- 3711673
TI  - Low molecular weight immunosuppressive factors found in elevated amounts in
      cancer ascitic fluids of mice. 1. Isolation, identification and immunosuppressive
      effects of uric acid and uracil.
AB  - A definite increase in two low molecular weight factors, G10-2 and G10-3 was
      found in Ehrlich ascitic fluids, parallel to tumor growth. The isolation and
      identification of the two factors were attempted through gel filtration and
      reversed phase column chromatography, using ascitic fluids obtained 13 days after
      intraperitoneal implantation of Ehrlich tumor cells. As a result, two highly
      purified factors were observed upon examination by high performance liquid
      chromatography. Additional analytical data, collected by UV spectrum, NMR
      spectrum and mass analysis, allowed us to identify G10-2 as uric acid and G10-3
      as uracil. Detailed immunological analysis of uric acid and uracil revealed that
      the augmenting activities of mouse and human NK cells by mouse IFN alpha/beta or
      human rIFN alpha A/D were impaired in the presence of either compound at
      concentrations of 0.07 mM, the concentration detectable in the ascitic fluid of
      tumor bearing mice.

PMID- 3711675
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of murine tumor necrosis factor.
AB  - The in vivo administration of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) provides a new approach
      to the immunotherapeutic treatment of tumors. We evaluated the pharmacokinetics
      of murine tumor necrosis factor in mice as a model for application in the human
      system. TNF had a clearance of 0.013 ml/min/g and a serum half life of 10.5
      minutes. Its volume of distribution was consistent with the extracellular space.
      This information can provide parameters by which to select optimal modes of
      treatment for eradication of in vivo neoplasms.

PMID- 3711674
TI  - Low molecular weight immunosuppressive factors found in elevated amounts in
      cancer ascitic fluids of mice. 2. 1-Methyladenosine isolated from cancer ascitic
      fluids enhances Listeria infection in mice.
AB  - The low molecular weight fraction (mol wt less than 1,000) of Ehrlich cancer
      ascitic fluid has been known to enhance Listeria infection in mice. Chemical
      characterization of the entities in this fraction revealed four purine and
      pyrimidine analogues, i.e. uric acid, uracil, pseudouridine and 1-methyladenosine
      (m1Ado). When the effect of each of these components was studied on Listeria
      infection in mice, only m1Ado markedly enhanced the infection and killed the mice
      within a short period. The optimal enhancement was obtained when m1Ado was given
      intravenously to mice 3-6 days before the infection at a concentration of between
      1 and 100 micrograms/mouse. On the other hand, uric acid, uracil and
      pseudouridine failed to show such an enhancing effect. m1Ado inhibited macrophage
      accumulation in the peritoneal cavity of mice after an intraperitoneal injection
      of phytohemagglutinin. Although m1Ado did not show any inhibitory effect on the
      phagocytic and bactericidal activities of macrophages in vitro, peritoneal
      macrophages obtained from mice which received m1Ado 3 days ahead revealed
      impaired bactericidal activity, suggesting the migration of different cell
      populations from the bone marrow of m1Ado-receiving mice. The results may suggest
      that m1Ado is a major factor in tumor ascites causing, in small doses, an
      impairment of macrophage functioning as can be detected in tumor-bearing hosts.

PMID- 3711676
TI  - Sequential studies of bone marrow haemopoietic progenitors (CFU-GEM, BFU-E, CFU
      E, CFU-GM) following busulfan treatment in Balb/c mice.
AB  - The effect of multiple sublethal doses of busulfan on the haemopoietic system of
      the Balb/c mouse was examined. FBC's bone marrow histology and bone marrow
      progenitor cell assays (CFU-E, BFU-E, CFU-GM and CFU-GEM) were performed. No
      effect was seen on FBC's or on marrow histology. However there was a significant
      depletion noted in the number of haemopoietic progenitor cells as measured by in
      vitro culture.

PMID- 3711677
TI  - Cutaneous porphyrin photosensitization: murine ear swelling as a marker of the
      acute response.
AB  - Acute cutaneous photosensitivity is a major manifestation of certain forms of
      human porphyria and also occurs in patients treated with hematoporphyrin
      derivative (HpD) photoradiation for the diagnosis and treatment of malignant
      tumors. In this study a quantitative animal model useful for in vivo studies of
      acute porphyrin photosensitization in cutaneous tissue was developed. C3H mice
      injected with HpD and irradiated 6 h later with 405 nm energy developed a 40-90%
      increase in ear thickness which was present immediately after irradiation and
      persisted for at least 24 h. No ear swelling occurred in animals receiving 405 nm
      radiation alone or HpD alone. Histologically, this photosensitivity reaction was
      manifest as edema, vascular dilatation, and mast cell degranulation immediately
      after irradiation followed by an influx of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and
      epidermal necrosis 24 h later. Tissue injury evoked by HpD and light was
      accompanied by extravasation of intravenously administered 125I-labeled albumin
      in the irradiated ears, indicating that photosensitization was accompanied by
      transudation of serum into the site of tissue injury. An in vivo correlation of
      this approach was verified by detection of measurable increase in ear thickness
      in irradiated mice rendered porphyric by the ingestion of a griseofulvin
      containing diet. The mouse ear swelling model offers a useful system with which
      to study acute porphyrin photosensitization in the skin, and may lead to
      important new insights into the pathogenesis and prevention of this form of
      phototoxicity.

PMID- 3711678
TI  - Effect of cutaneous hypoxia upon erythema and pigment responses to UVA, UVB, and
      PUVA (8-MOP + UVA) in human skin.
AB  - The effect of oxygen deprivation upon UVA-, UVB-, and PUVA-induced pigment and
      erythema responses in normal human skin was examined. Before exposure, varying
      degrees of hypoxia in the skin of the forearm were achieved by inflating a
      sphygmomanometer cuff applied to the upper arm. After the transcutaneously
      measured pO2 had stabilized, sites on the inner forearm were exposed to UVA, UVB,
      or 8-MOP + UVA radiation, to determine dose thresholds for the induction of
      erythema and pigmentation at different cuff pressures. Inflation of the cuff to
      greater than systolic pressure completely inhibited immediate and delayed pigment
      responses (IPD, DT) to UVA doses greater than 10 times the normal pigmentation
      threshold dose. UVA-induced delayed erythema responses were partially inhibited
      by cuff inflation: 2.7 times the minimal erythema dose of UVA was necessary to
      cause an erythema response when exposure occurred during vascular occlusion. In
      contrast, erythema and pigment responses to UVB and PUVA were unaltered by cuff
      pressures exceeding systolic pressure during exposure. Inhibition of UVA-induced
      erythema and pigment responses by vascular occlusion were reversed by the
      transcutaneous diffusion of 100% O2. These findings indicate that the cutaneous
      responses to UVA and UVB occur by separate pathways differing with respect to O2
      dependence. Our findings agree with those of other studies which indicate that
      PUVA-induced phototoxicity and melanogenesis are not O2-dependent.

PMID- 3711679
TI  - Synthesis of hyaluronic acid is decreased and synthesis of proteoglycans is
      increased when cultured mouse epidermal cells differentiate.
AB  - Newborn mouse epidermal cells proliferate when cultured in 0.05 mM Ca++ medium
      and terminally differentiate when the Ca++ is increased to about 1.2 mM, the
      level found in most cell culture media. We found that hyaluronic acid and
      proteoglycans were synthesized by isolated cultured newborn mouse epidermal cells
      and that quantitative and qualitative changes in these macromolecules appeared
      when proliferating epidermal cultures were induced to differentiate by calcium. A
      major change that occurred with differentiation was a reduction in synthesis of
      hyaluronic acid while synthesis of proteoglycans and glycoproteins increased. The
      proteoglycans synthesized in these cultures were heparan sulfate-proteoglycan
      (90%) and chondroitin sulfate-proteoglycan (10%), regardless of the calcium
      level.

PMID- 3711680
TI  - Preparation of [3H]collagen for studies of the biologic fate of xenogenic
      collagen implants in vivo.
AB  - Reduction of a commercially available, pepsin-solubilized, bovine dermal collagen
      (Vitrogen 100) with sodium [3H]borohydride provided radiolabeled collagen
      preparations with specific activities ranging from 7.1-12.0 muCi/mg collagen.
      These specific activities were 2-3 times greater than those obtained by reduction
      of intact rat tail tendon collagen under similar conditions. The alpha, beta, and
      higher aggregate components of type I collagen were radiolabeled as well as the
      alpha component of a small amount of type III collagen present in the samples.
      Fractionation of cyanogen bromide peptides showed that alpha 1(I)CB7, alpha
      1(I)CB8, and alpha 2(I)CB3,5 were the predominant peptides labeled by this
      procedure. Amino acid analysis indicated that the majority of the radioactivity
      was in reducible cross-links, precursors of these cross-links, and in
      hexosyllysine residues. Reconstitution experiments comparing this radiolabeled
      collagen with nonlabeled collagen showed them to be indistinguishable. Bacterial
      collagenase digestion of this reconstituted fibrillar collagen in both a lightly
      cross-linked (glutaraldehyde 0.0075%) and noncross-linked form provided evidence
      that digestion of labeled and nonlabeled collagens proceeded at similar rates.
      Thus, labeling did not change the properties of the collagen. Cross-linking made
      the preparation refractory to proteolytic degradation. Injection of fibrillar
      collagen preparations, spiked with radiolabeled collagen, into the guinea pig
      dermis followed by quantitation of the amount of radioactivity recovered from
      implant sites as a function of time, indicated that the lightly cross-linked
      samples also were more resistant to degradation in vivo than the noncross-linked
      preparation. The half-life of noncross-linked collagen was about 4 days while
      that of the cross-linked collagen was about 25 days. These degradation rates were
      much faster than observed for similar, nonlabeled samples injected into the
      dermis of humans, presumably due to a higher metabolic activity in the guinea pig
      dermis.

PMID- 3711681
TI  - Vascular responsiveness of simian digital artery to various vasoactive
      substances.
AB  - The stainless steel cannula inserting method was used to observe vascular effects
      of 7 vasoactive substances on the isolated and cold-stored digital artery of the
      monkey. The arterial preparation was suspended in a bath at 37 degrees C and
      perfused with Ringer's solution under constant flow rate. Drugs were administered
      in the endothelial side of the artery through a cannulated tubing, and the
      response was obtained as changes in perfusion pressure. All used agonists
      increased perfusion pressure in a dose-related manner. The order of potency for
      inducing vasoconstriction was norepinephrine greater than serotonin =
      phenylephrine = clonidine greater than xylazine greater than tyramine greater
      than potassium chloride. Inhibiting effect of prazosin (0.001-0.01 microgram) was
      greater on phenylephrine (0.03 microgram)-induced contractile responses than on
      clonidine (0.03 microgram)-induced responses, and the reverse was true in the
      case of yohimbine (0.01-1.0 microgram). Thus, it was suspected that the simian
      digital artery would be a good model for in vitro investigation of vascular
      responsiveness as a conduit artery which mainly supplies blood flow to the skin,
      and that this artery might be contracted not only via postjunctional alpha 1- but
      also alpha 2-adrenoceptors.

PMID- 3711683
TI  - Differential scanning calorimetric studies on the melting behavior of water in
      stratum corneum.
AB  - The melting behavior of water in human stratum corneum (s. corneum) has been
      studied by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in the temperature range
      from -40 degrees to 20 degrees C. The DSC thermogram was analyzed in terms of the
      amount of bound water and the melting temperature of water in s. corneum.
      Extraction of the s. corneum with the mixed solvent of chloroform: methanol (2:1,
      v/v) or 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate aqueous solution decreased the bound water
      content, whereas extraction with water did not change the bound water content.
      The melting temperature of water in the s. corneum was lowered as the water
      contents decreased. Extraction of the water-soluble components from the s.
      corneum increased the melting temperature of water when the water contents were
      constant. The results suggest that 20-30% of water in the s. corneum is bound
      water interacting strongly with the protein or lipids in the s. corneum, and the
      excess of water over the bound water content is unbound water solubilizing the
      water-soluble components such as amino acids and urea in the s. corneum. The
      thermodynamic theory for freezing-point depression is favorably applied to the
      melting temperature change of the unbound water, which implies that the water
      soluble components are present as an aqueous solution in the s. corneum.
      Measurements of the melting-point depression of water in s. corneum provide us
      the quantitative information on the amount of water-soluble components in the s.
      corneum. This technique is a sensitive and useful tool to evaluate the hydration
      behavior of s. corneum.

PMID- 3711682
TI  - Modulation of cell shedding and glycosaminoglycan synthesis of human malignant
      keratinocytes by all-trans-retinoic acid and hydrocortisone in vitro.
AB  - Physiologic concentrations (5 X 10(-8) M) of all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) caused
      a 2- to 3-fold increase in the rate of cell desquamation of a malignant
      keratinocyte line (SqCC/Y1) grown in serum-free medium. Measurement of the
      incorporation of [35S]sulfate and [3H]glucosamine into cetylpyridinium chloride
      precipitable glycosaminoglycans (GAGS) demonstrated that RA treatment did not
      alter total GAG production. In addition, compartmental distribution was not
      affected by RA, with 50-70% of GAGS being recovered from the medium, 25% from the
      pericellular matrix, and the remainder from the cells. Relatively small amounts
      of GAGS were associated with shed cells in RA-treated cultures, presumably
      reflecting a relatively short association of these cells with the monolayer
      before desquamation. Chondroitin sulfate (Ch-S), heparin/heparan sulfate (Hep-S),
      and hyaluronic acid (HA) were the GAG species identified in SqCC/Y1 cultures by
      gel-exclusion chromatography. RA reduced the relative amount of HA in the trypsin
      sensitive pericellular compartment by 50%. Since the proportions of Ch-S and Hep
      S were not affected by RA, the findings suggest that the altered ratio of HA to
      sulfated GAGS in this fraction may contribute to the increased cell desquamation.
      Hydrocortisone (10(-6) M) reversed the effect of RA on cell shedding, and
      increased the proportion of pericellular HA relative to that found in cultures
      exposed to RA alone. These findings support the concept that the relative
      proportion of HA to sulfated GAGS may be important in the intercellular cohesion
      of keratinocytes. In addition, the relative decrease in HA and the predominance
      of Ch-S over Hep-S in SqCC/Y1 cultures differed from results reported with normal
      keratinocytes, indicating that this property may be associated with the malignant
      phenotype.

PMID- 3711684
TI  - Possible genetic control of the proportions of branched-chain fatty acids in
      human sebaceous wax esters.
AB  - The composition of human sebum varies among individuals with respect to the
      proportions of various types of fatty acids in the ester lipid classes. Iso
      branched fatty acids with even numbers of carbons (iso-even) are particularly
      variable. However, in 13 identical twin pairs, intrapair differences in the
      proportions of iso-even fatty acids in sebaceous wax esters were found to be very
      small, while interpair differences were as large as in the nontwin population.
      Intrapair differences in iso-even fatty acids were also quite small in 4 of 8
      fraternal twin pairs. Heritability estimates suggested that proportions of iso
      even fatty acids in human sebum are controlled, at least in part, by genotype.

PMID- 3711685
TI  - Immunity to influenza A virus infection in young children: a comparison of
      natural infection, live cold-adapted vaccine, and inactivated vaccine.
AB  - Live attenuated, cold-adapted (ca) influenza A vaccines administered intranasally
      have been well characterized as safe and immunogenic, but comparative data on
      protective efficacy are required for further development. In this study, 59 young
      children were divided into the following four groups based on prior exposure to
      influenza A (H3N2) virus: natural infection, live ca vaccine given intranasally,
      inactivated vaccine given im, and no previous exposure. Virus challenge with
      homologous live ca vaccine occurred 12 months after vaccination or natural
      infection. Prior natural infection and live ca vaccine significantly reduced ca
      virus shedding after challenge compared with inactivated vaccine or no prior
      exposure to influenza A virus. Prechallenge nasal IgA, detected almost
      exclusively in subjects naturally infected or vaccinated with live ca virus, was
      associated with protection. Although inactivated vaccine failed to produce
      significant local IgA during the primary response, it seemed to prime for
      secondary local antibody responses after challenge with live ca virus.

PMID- 3711687
TI  - The use of never-married status to approximate the homosexual population.

PMID- 3711686
TI  - Reversible neurotoxicity due to oral acyclovir in a patient with chronic
      lymphocytic leukemia.

PMID- 3711688
TI  - Role of Chlamydia trachomatis in upper-respiratory-tract infections in children.

PMID- 3711689
TI  - Confirmation of the beige mouse model for study of disseminated infection with
      Mycobacterium avium complex.

PMID- 3711690
TI  - Effect of subinhibitory doses of clindamycin on the virulence of Bacteroides
      fragilis: role of lipopolysaccharide.
AB  - The capsular polysaccharide (CP) of Bacteroides fragilis is an important
      virulence factor in the formation of experimental intraabdominal abscesses.
      Incubation of this organism with subinhibitory doses of clindamycin induced
      morphological changes in the bacteria, including elongation and loss of CP,
      detected by ferritin-labeled antibody to capsule. Pretreatment of bacteria with
      subinhibitory doses of clindamycin, however, did not affect the ability of live
      or heat-killed organisms to produce intraabdominal abscesses in a mouse model of
      intraabdominal sepsis. Dose-response experiments with purified CP as well as
      lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from B. fragilis ATCC strain 23745 mixed with sterile
      cecal contents as adjuvant revealed that both surface components of the organism
      were capable of causing abscesses in the mouse model. The dose of LPS required to
      induce abscesses was five times higher than the required dose of CP.
      Nevertheless, these studies suggested that B. fragilis LPS is another virulence
      factor in the formation of intraabdominal abscesses.

PMID- 3711691
TI  - Molecular epidemiology of group JK Corynebacterium on a cancer ward: lack of
      evidence for patient-to-patient transmission.
AB  - Plasmid profiles of 27 clinical isolates of group JK Corynebacterium, mostly from
      one cancer ward, revealed that only two strains harbored a 20-kilobase plasmid.
      These plasmid-bearing isolates had the same antimicrobial resistance pattern as
      non-plasmid-containing isolates: All were resistant to penicillin G, methicillin,
      cephalothin, clindamycin, and gentamicin. Restriction endonuclease analysis of
      chromosomal DNA was done on 18 clinical isolates of group JK Corynebacterium.
      Identical restriction patterns were seen when multiple isolates were from the
      same patient over several months of apparent colonization; in contrast,
      restriction patterns of isolates from patients from two clusters were all
      heterogeneous and suggested that patient-to-patient transmission of group JK
      Corynebacterium did not occur. Restriction endonuclease analysis of chromosomal
      DNA, but not plasmid profiling, appears to be a very sensitive typing tool for
      group JK Corynebacterium.

PMID- 3711692
TI  - [The evaluation of the effects and the limits of IABP by three-directional
      echocardiography].

PMID- 3711693
TI  - [Mitral valve replacement and tricuspid annuloplasty in patients with severe
      hyperbilirubinemia].

PMID- 3711694
TI  - [Aortic valve replacement with aortic ring enlargement in congenital aortic
      stenosis and regurgitation in a child].

PMID- 3711695
TI  - [A case of successful repair of double outlet right ventricle with atrio
      ventricular discordance (I.D.D.), tricuspid regurgitation and pulmonary
      stenosis].

PMID- 3711697
TI  - [Acute pulmonary embolism: report of a case].

PMID- 3711696
TI  - [Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection: successful total correction in a 43
      year-old man].

PMID- 3711698
TI  - [Surgical management of complete transposition of the great arteries with large
      ventricular septal defect--with special reference to perforated patch closure of
      ventricular septal defect].

PMID- 3711699
TI  - [The usefulness and limitation of somatosensory evoked potentials for detection
      of spinal cord ischemia, during operation of thoracic aortic aneurysms].

PMID- 3711700
TI  - [A new method to induce topical cooling of the right atrium in the treatment of
      supraventricular tachyarrhythmia--an experimental study].

PMID- 3711701
TI  - [Two-to-nine-year follow-up of patients undergoing Hancock porcine xenograft
      valve replacement].

PMID- 3711702
TI  - [Effect of the surgical procedures of reconstruction of the esophagus on the
      intra and postoperative hemodynamics and pulmonary shunt].

PMID- 3711703
TI  - [Evaluation of the protective effects on the ischemic myocardium of coronary
      perfusion with perfluorochemicals (fluosol-DA)--a comparison with cold blood
      cardioplegia].

PMID- 3711704
TI  - [Experimental study in optimal driving condition of left ventricular assistance;
      influence on native cardiac function in mode of counterpulsation and copulsation
      with Norman's pump].

PMID- 3711705
TI  - [Assessment of annular dilatation in secondary tricuspid valve insufficiency].

PMID- 3711706
TI  - [Operative indication of atrial septal defect with severe pulmonary
      hypertension].

PMID- 3711707
TI  - [Successful repair of pulmonary sling associated with congenital tracheal
      stenosis].

PMID- 3711708
TI  - [A case of right atrial myxoma in a child].

PMID- 3711709
TI  - [Postoperative results of double outlet left ventricle--a case report and review
      of the literature].

PMID- 3711710
TI  - [Round-table talk in commemoration of the 60th anniversary of the Japanese
      Biochemical Society. (1). Biochemistry: present, past and future].

PMID- 3711711
TI  - Erythema nodosum leprosum associated with azotemic acute glomerulonephritis and
      recurrent hematuria.

PMID- 3711712
TI  - Epithelioma cuniculatum in leprotic foot.

PMID- 3711713
TI  - Sudden respiratory collapse in an armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus, Linn.).

PMID- 3711714
TI  - Spot test for detection of dapsone in urine: an assessment of its validity and
      interpretation in monitoring dapsone self-administration.
AB  - This study aimed to assess the validity and interpretation of the spot test for
      monitoring dapsone self-administration that employs filter paper impregnated with
      a modified Ehrlich's reagent. Urine specimens obtained from 20 volunteers, who
      took 100 mg dapsone for four days in succession, were investigated by this test.
      Findings indicate that spot tests will be negative after an average of three
      missed doses of dapsone, if compared with a standard of 5 micrograms dapsone per
      ml of urine. No negative spots are expected in fully compliant patients, and no
      positive spots are expected in patients who did not take dapsone for a week or
      longer. In the context of the treatment goal, it is argued that this degree of
      sensitivity makes the spot test a valid tool for the monitoring and management of
      patient compliance in leprosy control programs.

PMID- 3711715
TI  - English abstracts of proceedings of the twenty-third congress of the Japan
      Society for Cancer Therapy. Hiroshima, Nov. 14, 15, 16, 1985.

PMID- 3711716
TI  - [Diffuse panbronchitis].

PMID- 3711717
TI  - [Clinical studies of viral hepatitis--epidemiology, immunology and prevention].

PMID- 3711718
TI  - Ethanol inhibits triglyceride synthesis and secretion by human small intestinal
      mucosa.
AB  - We studied the effect of ethanol on human intestinal lipid absorption and on
      triglyceride synthesis and secretion. Human duodenojejunal biopsy specimens were
      incubated in a micellar lipid solution containing carbon 14-labeled oleate in the
      presence of ethanol 0.1%, 1.0%, and 5.0% (vol/vol). Tissue triglyceride synthesis
      was significantly decreased by 52.0% +/- 7.7%, 57.0% +/- 9.0%, and 81.3% +/- 4.0%
      (mean +/- SEM), respectively, when compared with triglyceride synthesis by
      control biopsy specimens incubated in the absence of ethanol. Tissue levels of
      oleate were increased in biopsy specimens incubated in the presence of ethanol by
      90% +/- 30% and 115% +/- 5% for ethanol concentrations of 1.0% and 5.0%
      (vol/vol), respectively (P less than 0.02). At ethanol concentration of 0.01%, no
      change in tissue oleate or triglyceride levels was noted. The effect of 1.0% and
      5.0% ethanol on triglyceride synthesis may reflect in large part their
      significant increase of the medium osmolarity. However, the osmolarity of the
      medium containing 0.1% ethanol was similar to that of the ethanol-free medium,
      and its effect is therefore probably specific. Duodenojejunal biopsy specimens
      were also preincubated for 30 minutes in a micellar lipid solution containing 14C
      oleate, and subsequently were organ cultured in micellar-free medium in the
      presence or absence of ethanol 1.0% (vol/vol). During organ culture, the decrease
      in tissue oleate levels was similar in biopsy tissue cultured in the presence or
      absence of ethanol. However, in the presence of ethanol, triglyceride secretion
      to the organ culture medium was reduced by 49.9% +/- 11.1% (P less than
      0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3711719
TI  - Characteristics and significance of the reverse glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
      reaction.
AB  - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) is the first enzyme of the hexose
      monophosphate pathway, and this important reaction is often considered to be
      irreversible. However, its apparent irreversibility is caused by the rapid
      removal of the immediate product, 6-phosphoglucono-delta-lactone. We have now
      investigated the reverse G-6-PD reaction, namely, the oxidation of reduced
      nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) by 6-phosphoglucono-delta
      lactone to form glucose-6-phosphate and nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide
      phosphate (NADP). The substrate of the reaction, 6-phosphoglucono-delta-lactone,
      was rapidly generated from glucose-6-phosphate and NADP. The lactone was
      stabilized by addition of perchloric acid. A substrate analogue, 6-phosphoglucono
      gamma-lactone, was synthesized by dehydrating 6-phosphogluconic acid. At pH 2.3
      the t 1/2 of the delta-lactone was 2.4 hours; that of the gamma-lactone was 57
      hours. The following kinetic parameters were established: Km delta-lactone 1027
      +/- 183 mumol/L; Km gamma-lactone 266 +/- 71 mumol/L; Km NADPH less than 10
      mumol/L; ratio of the Vmax G-6-PD forward/reverse reaction 2.0. Glucose-6
      phosphate was found to be a competitive inhibitor with both lactones in the
      reverse G-6-PD reaction. Genetic mutants of humans in which the Km of G-6-PD for
      glucose-6-phosphate was diminished also had a diminished Km for 6-phosphoglucono
      delta-lactone. Thus, it appears that the same active site on the enzyme binds
      glucose-6-phosphate in the forward reaction and 6-phosphogluconolactone in the
      reverse reaction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3711720
TI  - Subtotal nephrectomy in the rabbit: a model of chronic hypercalcemia,
      nephrolithiasis, and obstructive nephropathy.
AB  - The association of a critical reduction in renal mass with the subsequent
      destruction of remaining nephrons has been observed in several species. We
      studied this process in experimental rabbits after 1 2/3 nephrectomy to define
      the course and its pathogenesis in this species. Control rabbits underwent sham
      operative procedures. After renal ablation, rabbits became increasingly cachectic
      and developed polyuria and hypertension. Despite food intake similar to that of
      controls (grams per kilogram per day), experimental rabbits developed severe
      hypercalcemia by 5 to 8 weeks after renal ablation, a change that persisted until
      death. During the study 17 experimental animals died of uremia 9 to 27 weeks
      after surgery, and the remaining seven experimental and 25 sham-operated rabbits
      were sacrificed at 5 to 7 months. At death, 19/24 experimental rabbits had severe
      obstruction of their collecting systems by concretions of gravel (n = 3) or large
      calcium carbonate stones (n = 16). Renal biopsy at 4 weeks revealed focal
      interstitial round cell infiltration progressing by 12 weeks to diffuse
      tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis. Histologic evidence of obstruction
      was also evident at this time and became extensive on all subsequent
      examinations. By contrast, the glomeruli remained well preserved without evidence
      of sclerosis. We speculate that chronic hypercalcemia and, perhaps more
      significantly, urinary obstruction may have altered intrarenal hemodynamics and
      prevented the development of progressive sclerosis observed in the rat remnant
      kidney model. The present study describes an experimental model of chronic
      hypercalcemia and spontaneous calcium carbonate nephrolithiasis.

PMID- 3711721
TI  - Mode of inheritance of Samoyed hereditary glomerulopathy: an animal model for
      hereditary nephritis in humans.
AB  - The pedigree of a line of Samoyed dogs with Samoyed hereditary glomerulopathy
      (SHG) was investigated to determine the mode of inheritance. Sixty percent of
      males were affected with severe renal disease that progressed to renal failure
      before 15 months of age. In contrast, female carriers showed less severe
      involvement and their disease did not progress to renal failure. This pattern is
      consistent with the inheritance of an X-linked dominant gene. A similar mode of
      inheritance has been postulated in some families with hereditary nephritis.
      Further similarities between SHG in dogs and hereditary nephritis in humans have
      been demonstrated previously in clinical and renal morphologic studies. The
      present study supports the view that this line of Samoyed dogs would be an
      appropriate model for studying the human disease.

PMID- 3711723
TI  - Wither we goest? Notes of a society watcher plus other comments and thoughts.

PMID- 3711722
TI  - Human and canine ventricular vasoactive intestinal polypeptide: decrease with
      heart failure.
AB  - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) is a systemic and coronary vasodilator
      that may have positive inotropic properties. Myocardial levels of VIP were
      assayed before and after the development of heart failure in two canine models.
      In the first, cobalt cardiomyopathy was induced in eight dogs; VIP (by
      radioimmunoassay) decreased from 35 +/- 11 pg/mg protein (mean +/- SD) to 5 +/- 4
      pg/mg protein (P less than 0.05). In six dogs with doxorubicin-induced heart
      failure, VIP decreased from 31 +/- 7 to 11 +/- 4 pg/mg protein (P less than
      0.05). In addition, VIP content of left ventricular muscle of resected failing
      hearts in 10 patients receiving a heart transplant was compared with the
      papillary muscles in 14 patients (five with rheumatic disease, nine with
      myxomatous degeneration) receiving mitral valve prostheses. The lowest myocardial
      VIP concentration was found in the hearts of patients with coronary disease (one
      patient receiving a transplant and three receiving mitral prostheses) (6.3 +/-
      1.9 pg/mg protein). The other patients undergoing transplantation had an average
      ejection fraction of 17% +/- 6% and a VIP level of 8.8 +/- 3.9 pg/mg protein. The
      hearts without coronary artery disease (average ejection fraction of this group
      62% +/- 10%) had a VIP concentration of 14.1 +/- 7.9 pg/mg protein, and this was
      greater than in hearts of the patients with coronary disease and the hearts of
      patients receiving a transplant (P less than 0.05). Myocardial catecholamines
      were also determined in 14 subjects; a weak correlation (r = 0.57, P less than
      0.05) between the tissue concentrations of VIP and norepinephrine was
      noted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3711724
TI  - Polyethylene glycol polymers of low molecular weight as probes of intestinal
      permeability. II. Application to infants and children with intestinal disease.
AB  - We used a mixture of low molecular weight polymers of polyethylene glycol (PEG)
      to study intestinal permeability in children with chronic diarrhea. After an oral
      load, urinary recovery of the longer chain, higher molecular weight polymers was
      significantly decreased compared with that in healthy adults and infants without
      disease of the gastrointestinal mucosa. A correlation was observed between
      clinical severity of disease, histopathologic condition of the small bowel
      mucosa, and PEG scores. These results indicate that intestinal permeability in
      children can be studied by noninvasive means and that an assessment of mucosal
      integrity can be obtained.

PMID- 3711726
TI  - Alterations of intravascular volume: influence on renal susceptibility to
      ischemic injury.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to test whether alterations of
      intravascular volume change renal susceptibility to ischemic injury. Acute volume
      depletion (2% body weight; by furosemide injection or by hemorrhage) or volume
      expansion (10% body weight; by saline infusion) was induced in Sprague-Dawley
      rats. The effects of these interventions on renal blood flow (RBF), mean arterial
      blood pressure (MAP), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and renal adenine
      nucleotide content were assessed by comparison with values observed in euvolemic
      control rats. Volume-depleted, volume-expanded, and euvolemic control rats were
      also subjected to 25 minutes of bilateral renal artery occlusion (RAO). The
      severity of ischemic injury was assessed 24 hours later (by determination of GFR,
      blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and histology). Before RAO, the volume-depleted
      rats had significant reductions in GFR (33%), MAP (20% to 45%), and RBF (52% to
      72%), but renal adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content was totally preserved. Both
      groups of volume-depleted rats had normal susceptibility to RAO, compared with
      the euvolemic controls. Before RAO, volume expansion had no significant effect on
      GFR, MAP, or RBF, but it decreased renal ATP content by 21%. In addition, volume
      expansion significantly exacerbated the ATP depletion that occurred both during
      and after RAO. Nevertheless, the volume-expanded rats were almost totally
      protected against ischemia. It is concluded that the kidney can tolerate severe
      volume depletion without apparent deterioration in tubular cell energetics or a
      change in renal susceptibility to superimposed ischemic injury. Acute volume
      expansion can protect against ischemic injury, despite lowering renal ATP
      content.

PMID- 3711725
TI  - Verapamil impairs human neutrophil chemotaxis by a non-calcium-mediated
      mechanism.
AB  - The in vitro effect of pharmacologic concentrations (10(-8) to 10(-6) mol/L) of
      verapamil on human neutrophil migration and response to chemotactic signals was
      examined. Human neutrophils were preincubated (15 minutes) in verapamil and then
      assayed for chemotactic response to formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (f-Met
      Leu-Phe) (10(-8) mol/L). Cell viability was not affected by verapamil treatment.
      Verapamil-treated cells displayed 40% to 50% reductions in directed migration at
      all concentrations (P less than 0.02). Activated random migration (chemokinesis)
      was also impaired by verapamil treatment, but random locomotion was not affected
      except at a high concentration (10(-6) mol/L). This pharmacologic action of
      verapamil was not rapidly reversible by washing cells free of drug, but it was
      necessary that cells be exposed to drug before the chemotactic signal. In
      addition to f-Met-Leu-Phe, chemotactic response to activated human serum was also
      reduced for neutrophils. Several experiments were conducted to determine whether
      verapamil affected neutrophils as a calcium antagonist. Calcium antagonist
      binding-site assays using radiolabeled dihydropyridines provided no evidence for
      the presence of calcium channels in neutrophil membranes. Also, 45Ca2+ uptake
      assays demonstrated increased uptake of 45Ca2+ by f-Met-Leu-Phe-stimulated
      neutrophils, but no effect on uptake by verapamil exposures (10(-6) mol/L).
      Finally, the cytosolic calcium-chelating dye, quin 2 acetomethoxy ester (quin 2),
      was used as a fluorescent indicator to measure cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations,
      [Ca2+]i, in neutrophils. Verapamil exposures over a wide concentration range (10(
      6) to 10(-4) mol/L) did not affect resting [Ca2+]i or [Ca2+]i transients after f
      Met-Leu-Phe (10(-8) mol/L) stimulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3711728
TI  - Intrinsic motivation in the special education classroom.

PMID- 3711727
TI  - Comparison of cutaneous and bronchial reactivity to leukotriene D4 in humans.
AB  - To establish whether a relationship exists between cutaneous and bronchial
      reactivity to leukotriene D4 (LTD4), endpoint cutaneous reactivity and bronchial
      reactivity were determined in six patients with asthma, six patients with
      seasonal allergic rhinitis, and six nonatopic men. In all subjects, increasing
      doses of LTD4 produced decreases in specific airway conductance (SGaw) and flow
      at 30% of vital capacity measured from a partial forced expiratory maneuver
      (V30P). Intracutaneous injections of LTD4 and histamine resulted in immediate
      wheal and erythema reactions in all patients. Serial 10-fold dilutions of LTD4
      and histamine were injected to establish the lowest dose capable of producing a 4
      mm wheal with erythema. Endpoint cutaneous reactivity to LTD4 ranged from 1 mumol
      to 100 pmol in controls and from 100 nmol to 1 fmol in patients with asthma, but
      statistically significant differences between groups were not apparent even with
      inclusion of six additional subjects. No meaningful correlations were found
      between the quantity of LTD4 producing the threshold cutaneous reaction and the
      dose of inhaled LTD4 that produced a 35% decrease in SGaw and 30% decrease in
      V30P. In contrast to the bronchi, where subjects in all three groups were 264 to
      840 times more sensitive to LTD4 than to methacholine, 11/18 subjects (3/6 with
      asthma) were less sensitive to LTD4 than to histamine in terms of endpoint
      cutaneous reactivity. However, seven of 18 subjects who were more sensitive to
      LTD4 than to histamine had relative potencies ranging from 5 to 500,000.

PMID- 3711729
TI  - Improving the prediction of reading for the individual child: a four-year follow
      up.

PMID- 3711730
TI  - The integrated method of reading therapy.

PMID- 3711731
TI  - Principal's roles and teacher conflict: a recapitulation.

PMID- 3711732
TI  - The performance of third grade learning disabled boys on tasks at different
      levels of language: a model-based exploration.

PMID- 3711733
TI  - Autonomy perceptions and anxiety expressions of learning disabled adolescents.

PMID- 3711734
TI  - Picture-word interference in learning disabled and normal children.

PMID- 3711735
TI  - Longitudinal development of conservation skills in learning disabled children.

PMID- 3711736
TI  - The asymptotic speed of propagation of the deterministic non-reducible n-type
      epidemic.
AB  - A model has been formulated in to describe the spatial spread of an epidemic
      involving n types of individuals, when triggered by the introduction of
      infectives from outside. Wave solutions for such a model have been investigated
      in and have been shown only to exist at certain speeds. This paper establishes
      that the asymptotic speed of propagation, as defined in Aronson and Weinberger,
      of such an epidemic is in fact c0, the minimum speed at which wave solutions
      exist. This extends the known result for the one-type and host-vector epidemics.

PMID- 3711737
TI  - The asymptotic final size distribution of reducible multitype Reed-Frost
      processes.
AB  - The asymptotic final size distribution of a multitype Reed-Frost process, a chain
      binomial model for the spread of infection in a finite, closed multitype
      population, is derived in the case of reducible contact pattern between types.
      The results are obtained using techniques developed for the irreducible case.

PMID- 3711738
TI  - Automobile passenger deaths in children less than five years of age.

PMID- 3711739
TI  - Horseshoe kidney associated with aortic aneurysm.

PMID- 3711740
TI  - Snoring and obstructive sleep apnea.

PMID- 3711742
TI  - Hyperthermia.

PMID- 3711741
TI  - Hospital shake-out.

PMID- 3711743
TI  - Esophageal electrocardiography and pacing in the diagnosis and treatment of
      arrhythmias.

PMID- 3711744
TI  - Effect of pregnancy on glycosylated hemoglobin.

PMID- 3711745
TI  - Oleander Yee tho poisoning.

PMID- 3711746
TI  - Tuberculosis in children of Bangkok 1980-1983.

PMID- 3711747
TI  - CT appearances of brain abscesses analysis of 71 abscesses (51 cases).

PMID- 3711748
TI  - In vitro and clinical evaluation of moxalactam.

PMID- 3711749
TI  - Effect of monosodium glutamate on development of mouse cortical barrels.

PMID- 3711750
TI  - T loop in posterior myocardial infarction: a useful clue to vectorcardiographic
      diagnosis.
AB  - In order to differentiate posterior (posterolateral) myocardial infarction (PMI)
      from the anterior shift of the QRS loop in "normal variant" cases using a
      vectorcardiogram, the T loop as well as the QRS loop in the transverse plane (TP)
      were analyzed in 34 elderly Japanese males with angiographically-proven PMI and
      in 197 elderly Japanese males with normal coronary arteries and ventricles. T
      loops in the TP were longer, narrower and more anterior in PMI cases. After this
      analysis, we propose new criteria for PMI: (A and B) A: maximal T vector equal or
      anterior to 60 degrees in TP B: at least two of the following three: maximal QRS
      voltage/maximal T voltage in TP equal to or less than 3.0; QRS-T angle equal to
      or less than 75 degrees in TP; width/length of T equal to or less than 0.15 in
      TP. These new criteria for PMI are more specific (p less than 0.01) and more
      sensitive (p less than 0.05) than Hoffman's criteria.

PMID- 3711751
TI  - Exercise P-vector magnitude changes in angina pectoris: Frank-Vectorcardiographic
      and hemodynamic correlations.
AB  - Multistage bicycle ergometer exercise testings with Frank vectorcardiogram and M
      mode echocardiogram were performed on 12 patients with effort angina pectoris.
      The left atrial and left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LAV and LVEDV) were
      calculated as a cube of the left atrial and left ventricular end-diastolic
      dimension. The mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure (mPAWP) was measured with a
      Swan-Ganz catheter during the testing. At peak exercise a statistically
      significant increase was observed in mPAWP (p less than 0.001), LAV (p less than
      0.005), the maximal horizontal P-vector magnitude (Hmax) (p less than 0.05) and
      the percent change in Hmax (%Hmax). %Hmax showed a significant correlation with
      the increment of mPAWP (delta mPAWP) (r = 0.66, p less than 0.05), the increment
      of LVEDV (delta LVEDV) (r = 0.83, p less than 0.01) and the increment of LAV
      (delta LAV) (r = 0.81, p less than 0.001). Multiple regression analysis was
      performed on %Hmax as a dependent variable with delta LAV, delta mPAWP, and the
      increment of heart rate (delta HR) as independent variables (r = 0.84, p less
      than 0.05), but the partial correlation coefficients of delta mPAWP and delta HR
      were not significant. The present study demonstrated that the increase in Hmax
      had a close relationship with the increase in mPAWP and LVEDV and that the
      preload of the left ventricle during exercise-induced anginal attack could be
      predicted noninvasively by %Hmax. The increase in Hmax was thought to be due to
      the increase in LAV during anginal attack.

PMID- 3711752
TI  - Diagnostic implications of figure-of-eight and clockwise QRS loop rotation on the
      horizontal vectorcardiogram in chronic aortic valve disease.
AB  - In chronic aortic valve disease the left ventricular (LV) volumes, mass and
      ejection fraction (EF), as well as selected Frank ECG measurements of patients
      with a normal counterclockwise rotation (Type A) of the horizontal QRS vector
      loop are compared with those of patients showing an abnormal figure-of-eight or
      clockwise configuration (Type B) to investigate whether the different QRS
      patterns reflect ventriculographic alterations or depends on a conduction delay.
      In aortic stenosis (AS,n = 21) and combined AS and aortic insufficiency (AS +
      AI,n = 23) the Type B vectorcardiograms (VCGs) correlate with significantly
      increased LV end-diastolic volumes (p. .01, .01, respectively) and depressed EF
      (p .07, .009, respectively). In pure AI (n = 39) LV volumes, mass and EF do not
      differ between the Type A and Type B patterns. As compared to Type B VCGs of AS
      (n = 6), the LV end-diastolic volume index is clearly higher in Type A VCGs of
      pure AI (n = 21)(p .028). The only ECG change which is significant at the p .01
      level in each group is the increase of the R peak time in lead X in the Type B
      VCGs. This can be related to greater volume and mass only in AS and AS+ AI, but
      is not substantiated by equivalent ventriculographic alterations in pure AI. The
      findings indicate that Type B VCGs are very likely caused by a left ventricular
      conduction delay since they cannot be strictly correlated with increases in LV
      volume and mass alone.

PMID- 3711753
TI  - The circumflex coronary artery occlusion canine model of sudden death:
      methodology and electrocardiographic observations.
AB  - This study deals with a left circumflex coronary artery occlusion-reperfusion
      canine model of sudden death using multiple electrocardiographic leads to define
      a subgroup of animals at high risk of ventricular fibrillation. Occlusion was
      followed by ventricular fibrillation in 15 of 30 animals (50%). In the 15 dogs
      surviving 60 min postocclusion, reperfusion gave rise to ten cases of ventricular
      fibrillation (66.7%). Thus, the total incidence of occlusion-reperfusion
      ventricular fibrillation was 25 of 30 (83.3%). Electrocardiographic delta R%
      changes greater than or equal to 25% in leads 2 and 3 at both 3 and 5 min
      postocclusion predicted the occurrence of postocclusion ventricular fibrillation
      with 80% specificity and 56% sensitivity. However, ST segment elevation greater
      than or equal to 0.5 mV in the same leads at the same times predicted
      postocclusion ventricular fibrillation with 67% specificity and 100% sensitivity.
      When only dogs with ST segment elevation greater than or equal to 0.5 mV in leads
      2 and 3 at both 3 and 5 min postocclusion were considered, ventricular
      fibrillation postocclusion was seen in 15 of 20 dogs (75%) and ventricular
      fibrillation after reperfusion occurred in four of the remaining five animals
      (80%). Thus, in the subgroup of animals presenting with ST segment elevation
      greater than or equal to 0.5 mV in leads 2 and 3 at both 3 and 5 min
      postocclusion, the overall incidence of occlusion-reperfusion ventricular
      fibrillation was 19 of 20 (95%). These data may be useful in studies aimed at
      testing the effectiveness of drugs or other interventions in a canine model of
      sudden death.

PMID- 3711754
TI  - Effects of collateral circulation on electrophysiological properties during the
      acute phase of canine myocardial infarction.
AB  - To investigate the effect of collateral circulation on the electrophysiological
      properties of the acutely ischemic myocardium, acute myocardial infarction was
      produced in the canine heart by coronary artery occlusion alone, and by coronary
      artery occlusion plus embolization with vinyl latex. Multiple bipolar electrodes
      for stimulation or for recording electrograms were placed on the subepicardial
      layer and the subendocardial layer to examine the time course of changes in
      excitability threshold, effective refractory period, and conduction time. Soon
      after coronary occlusion plus embolization, electrophysiological properties of
      the ischemic subepicardium became severely and almost uniformly damaged and
      showed no recognizable recovery of electrical activities, whereas transient
      deterioration and subsequent recovery of the electrophysiological properties were
      observed after coronary occlusion alone. On the other hand, the subendocardium
      was much less affected electrophysiologically by either coronary occlusion alone
      or coronary occlusion plus embolization. These results indicate that collateral
      circulation plays an important role in the recovery from electrophysiological
      abnormalities in the ischemic subepicardium caused by acute myocardial ischemia,
      but has little effect on the electrophysiological properties of the ischemic
      subendocardium.

PMID- 3711755
TI  - Hyperkalemia and Wolff-Parkinson-White type preexcitation syndrome.
AB  - We have presented a well-documented case of hyperkalemia in a patient known to
      have Wolff-Parkinson-White type preexcitation syndrome. Increased serum potassium
      level appears to depress or block conduction via the accessory pathway to a
      greater extent than in the A-V node, i.e. the accessory pathway is more sensitive
      to hyperkalemia than normal A-V conduction tissue resulting in complete block of
      conduction in the accessory pathway.

PMID- 3711756
TI  - Determination of the spatial and intensity properties of atrial repolarization
      potentials in the dog.
AB  - Body surface electrical potentials generated by atrial repolarization (Ta wave)
      normally extend from the P wave into or through the QRS complex. Thus, the Ta
      wave is partially obscured by the QRS complex and, conversely, the QRS complex is
      composed of atrial recovery as well as ventricular depolarization forces. To
      better study the spatial patterns and magnitudes of the Ta wave, transient
      atrioventricular (AV) block was induced in 15 dogs by atrial pacing using
      surgically implanted left or right atrial electrodes. ECG potentials were
      registered from 84 torso electrodes, and cycles with normal and with blocked AV
      conduction were segregated. In blocked cycles, the duration of the Ta wave
      measured 248.0 +/- 25.3 msec with right and 256.0 +/- 38.4 msec with left atrial
      stimulation. In all cases, the Ta wave extended into the QRS and, in 75% of
      cases, it extended into the S-T segment. Peak Ta magnitudes, measuring 50.7 +/-
      17.9 and 51.8 +/- 21.7 uV RMS with right and left atrial stimulation,
      respectively, occurred during the P-R segment in all cases. The effect of Ta wave
      superposition on the QRS complex was assessed by subtraction of patterns in
      cycles with blocked AV conduction from those with intact AV conduction.
      Differences between directly recorded QRS waveforms and those computed by
      subtraction of the Ta wave were small; correlation coefficients exceeded 0.96 and
      differences in instantaneous RMS potential were less than 6%. Thus, the atrial
      recovery waveform does extend into the QRS and into the S-T segment in most
      cases, but the effect of this superposition of Ta on QRS waveforms is
      quantitatively small.

PMID- 3711757
TI  - Transcortin and vitamin D-binding protein levels in mouse serum.
AB  - The influence of age, sex and strain on the serum concentration of transcortin
      (corticosteroid-binding globulin) and vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) in mice was
      investigated. The effect of age was studied in two strains, C57BL/6JPfd and
      BALB/cmHeAPfd. The concentration of transcortin and DBP increased with age. In
      young animals the concentration of each protein showed a significant strain
      difference, which disappeared in older mice for DBP, but not for transcortin. In
      7-day-old animals, no sex difference was observed for either protein, but in
      older animals a clear sex difference was found for transcortin. Adult males
      tended to have somewhat higher levels of DBP than adult females, but this
      difference was significant only on day 70. The variation in transcortin and DBP
      levels was further investigated in a large number of mouse strains. The DBP
      concentration did not markedly vary among strains (5.98-9.65 mumol/l in males and
      5.08-8.85 mumol/l in females). Transcortin, however, showed marked strain
      variations, ranging from 0.72 to 2.06 mumol/l in males and from 1.02 to 4.55
      mumol/l in females and there was a significant correlation (r = 0.66, n = 26, P
      less than 0.001) between the mean transcortin levels in males and females of
      different strains. Interstrain variation was much higher than intrastrain
      variation or variation among related strains, suggesting that the transcortin
      concentration is largely controlled by genetically determined factors. There was
      a significant correlation (r = 0.82, n = 9, P less than 0.01) between the mean
      corticosterone and transcortin concentrations (measured at 21.00 h).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3711758
TI  - Oxytocin release during parturition in the pelvic-neurectomized rat.
AB  - Blood levels of oxytocin during parturition in pelvic-neurectomized rats were
      determined by radioimmunoassay. Four out of 29 pelvic-neurectomized rats
      completed parturition within 23 days of pregnancy. These rats exhibited an
      increase in blood levels of oxytocin during parturition similar to those of
      shamoperated control rats, but delivery took longer and there was a higher
      percentage of still-births. The rise in blood levels of oxytocin was smaller in
      the 16 rats in which the first fetus was expelled but where delivery did not end
      within day 23 of gestation than that in sham-operated controls. Levels did not
      increase in the other nine rats which failed to deliver the first fetus within 23
      days of pregnancy. They did, however, show signs indicating delivery, such as
      stretch movements, vaginal bleeding and/or excretion of mucus within 23 days of
      gestation. Oxytocin infusion (2 mu./min) for 2-4 h increased uterine contractions
      in the pelvic-neurectomized rats but failed to reduce the percentage of still
      births or the duration of delivery. Immunoneutralization of circulating oxytocin
      by anti-oxytocin serum in intact pregnant rats resulted in a significant but much
      smaller prolongation of the duration of delivery compared with that observed in
      pelvic-neurectomized rats. The rise in blood levels of oxytocin during pregnancy
      may be induced, at least in part, by the Ferguson reflex via the pelvic nerve and
      may thus facilitate the process of delivery. A shortage of oxytocin secretion may
      not, however, be the main cause of the dystocia in pelvic-neurectomized rats.

PMID- 3711759
TI  - Steroid binding to feather follicles in the chicken.
AB  - Steroid binding profiles in chicken feather follicles were studied in vitro.
      Progesterone and promegestone were bound specifically with high affinity
      (dissociation constant = 7.79 nmol/l in females and 2.0 nmol/l in males) and with
      low capacity to the high-speed supernatant fraction (cytosol) of homogenized
      feather follicles. The number of progestin-binding sites was significantly (P
      less than 0.01) higher in females than in males (1.35 +/- 0.07 (mean +/- S.D.) vs
      0.605 +/- 0.15 pmol/mg protein). Significant cross-competition was observed
      between progestins and glucocorticoids for the binding sites. The heat-activated
      progestin-receptor complexes bound specifically to DNA-cellulose in vitro. The
      DNA-cellulose binding was 36.6% of the total specific binding. The presence of
      progestin-binding sites in the feather follicles implies a direct action of
      progesterone in this structure, which may be an important factor in the
      regulation of moulting. The lack of oestrogen binding to the cytosol prepared
      from the feather follicles suggests different regulation of progestin receptors
      in different target organs.

PMID- 3711761
TI  - Autocrine tumour growth regulation by somatomedin C: an in-vitro model.
AB  - A human primary haemangiosarcoma was derived from a patient with severe
      hypoglycaemia. Cell line established from that tumour secreted somatomedin C in
      serum-free culture media. Immunoreactive somatomedin from the media eluted from
      Sephacryl S-200 in two peaks of 160 000 and 8000 molecular weights. Similar
      results were obtained when medium was acidified and chromatographed on Sephadex G
      50. Binding of tracer concentrations of 125I-labelled somatomedin C to human
      haemangiosarcoma cells was much higher than that of 125I-labelled insulin. Half
      maximal displacement of 125I-labelled somatomedin C binding occurred at an
      unlabelled somatomedin C concentration of 0.7 nmol/l. Insulin competed with 125I
      labelled somatomedin for binding to this receptor, but 150-fold more insulin was
      required for half-maximal displacement. Somatomedin secreted by human
      haemangiosarcoma cells and purified from serum-free media strongly stimulated
      [methyl-3H]thymidine incorporation into the DNA of these cells. Inhibition of
      somatomedin C secretion by cortisol resulted in the inhibition of tumour cell
      proliferation but stimulation of somatomedin secretion by human GH stimulated the
      cell proliferation rate. It appears that production of somatomedin C in human
      haemangiosarcoma cells plays a part in the regulation of tumour growth by an
      autocrine mechanism.

PMID- 3711760
TI  - Thyroid function in newborn lambs: influence of prolactin and growth hormone.
AB  - Lambs originating from Suffolk, Milksheep and Texel crossbreeds were injected
      with saline, 500 micrograms ovine prolactin or 500 micrograms ovine GH within 30
      min of parturition (n = 10). Birth weight was negatively correlated with plasma
      concentrations of reverse tri-iodothyronine (rT3) but not with thyroxine (T4),
      free T4 (expressed as the free thyroxine index) or cortisol. At birth, T3 and T4
      plasma concentrations were high and remained high during the 3-h observation
      period. After 3 h a significantly lower rT3 concentration was found. The cortisol
      concentration at birth was also high (100-400 nmol/l) but decreased rapidly to
      basal values after 1 h. An injection of 500 micrograms prolactin after
      parturition did not influence the hormonal parameters studied except for rT3
      where, after 2 h, lower plasma concentrations were found compared with controls.
      Growth hormone raised T3 levels from 4.80 +/- 0.44 (S.E.M.) nmol/l at birth to
      6.74 +/- 0.42 nmol/l at 1 h after birth (P less than 0.01) and to 6.51 +/- 0.42
      nmol/l after 2 h (P less than 0.05). At both times these values were
      significantly (P less than 0.001) different from saline-injected controls. GH
      decreased rT3 from 6.77 +/- 0.71 nmol/l at birth to 5.42 +/- 0.54 nmol/l after 1
      h (P less than 0.05) and to 5.10 +/- 0.45 nmol/l after 2 h (P less than 0.01;
      values were also significantly different from saline controls at P less than 0.05
      and less than 0.005 respectively). At the same time total and free T4
      concentrations were increased. No influence of prolactin or GH injection on
      plasma cortisol concentrations was seen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3711762
TI  - Apparently normal oestrogen receptor system in ovariectomized ewes with impaired
      response to oestrogen after prolonged grazing on oestrogenic pasture.
AB  - Functional abnormalities have been observed previously in the oestrogen
      responsive tissues of ovariectomized ewes with permanent infertility resulting
      from prolonged exposure to oestrogenic pastures. In the present study, such ewes
      had higher rates of protein and glycoprotein synthesis in the cervix and uterus
      than control ewes, but the number of oestradiol-17 beta receptors in the nucleus
      was similar in each group. After treatment with oestradiol-17 beta, the increase
      in synthesis of protein and glycoprotein in the uterus and cervix was less in
      clover-affected ewes, but the amount of oestradiol-17 beta-receptor complex in
      the nucleus of uterine cells 6 h after ewes were injected with oestradiol-17 beta
      was similar in clover-affected and control ewes. The rate of replenishment of
      oestradiol-17 beta receptors in the cytoplasm at 24 and 48 h after oestradiol-17
      beta injection was also similar in both groups. The abnormal function seen in the
      genital tract of clover-affected ewes could not, therefore, be shown to depend on
      changes in oestradiol-17 beta receptors.

PMID- 3711763
TI  - Changing renin substrates in human pregnancy.
AB  - Renin substrate of high molecular weight was identified in plasma from pregnant
      women, non-pregnant subjects and in samples of umbilical arterial and venous
      plasma, using gel filtration chromatography. The proportion existing in the high
      molecular weight form in pregnant women was significantly increased above that of
      non-pregnant subjects by 11 weeks after the last menstrual period and continued
      to rise to term. In contrast, the proportion in fetal plasma was significantly
      lower than that of the non-pregnant group. High molecular weight renin substrate
      was itself heterogeneous and appeared to consist of four sub-groups. In non
      pregnant adults the first peak, eluting near the void volume of the column, was
      the largest. In the fetus this profile was reversed. The elution profile in
      maternal plasma had changed markedly by as early as 8 weeks of gestation.
      Thereafter, it was possible to see increasing dominance of the minor
      'intermediate' peaks visible in the non-pregnant adult until, in the third
      trimester, the high molecular weight form was eluted as a large broad band with
      little evidence of the individual peaks. Oestrogens are the most likely stimulus
      for the increased production of the high molecular weight renin substrate in
      pregnant women. In the fetus, although the same form of renin substrate is
      stimulated, the actual amount in the high molecular weight range is very small.
      This may be because oestrogens are sulphated in the fetus or because the fetal
      liver is not very responsive to the stimulation. The similarity between the
      profiles of mother and fetus may indicate a common source of production of renin
      substrate in the feto-placental unit.

PMID- 3711764
TI  - Lactogenic response of cultured mouse mammary epithelial cells to mouse placental
      lactogen.
AB  - The ability of mouse placental lactogen (mPL), mouse prolactin (mPRL), mouse GH
      (mGH) and ovine prolactin (oPRL) to stimulate synthesis of alpha-lactalbumin was
      tested in a primary culture of mouse mammary gland epithelial cells. Mammary
      tissue was obtained from 10-day pregnant Swiss Webster mice, enzymatically
      dissociated and the cells were cultured on floating collagen gels for 5 days. The
      basic culture medium consisted of Nutrient Mixture F12/Dulbecco's Modified
      Eagle's Medium (1:1, v/v), containing 10 mg insulin/1, 5 mg cortisol/l, 10
      micrograms epidermal growth factor/l, 5 g bovine serum albumin/l and 50 mg
      gentamycin/l. Mouse PL, mPRL, mGH and oPRL were added to the basic medium in
      concentrations from 1 microgram/l to 1 mg/l. Accumulation of alpha-lactalbumin in
      the culture medium was measured. For that purpose, mouse alpha-lactalbumin was
      purified from mammary tissue obtained from lactating Swiss Webster mice and a
      radioimmunoassay was developed. Mouse PL, mPRL and oPRL stimulated a dose
      dependent increase in alpha-lactalbumin secretion. Mouse GH also caused a
      significant, but dose-independent, increase in alpha-lactalbumin secretion. Mouse
      PL showed the greatest activity in stimulating alpha-lactalbumin secretion. It
      was concluded that mPL is an important lactogenic hormone in the latter half of
      pregnancy in the mouse, when circulating mPRL concentrations are low.

PMID- 3711765
TI  - The demand for health: theory and applications.
AB  - The concern of this paper lies with the economic theory of the "demand for
      health". It develops a conceptual apparatus for analysing the interaction of
      socioeconomic determinants of health and indicates how this can be used to shed
      light on a variety of topical policy issues such as socioeconomic inequalities in
      health and the design of prevention policies. It is written with the aim of
      making what has hitherto been a mathematically sophisticated literature
      accessible to the non-economist.

PMID- 3711766
TI  - The Port Pirie cohort study: maternal blood lead and pregnancy outcome.
AB  - During a three-year period, 831 pregnant women in and around Port Pirie, South
      Australia--a lead smelter community with longstanding lead pollution--were
      enrolled in a cohort study to examine prospectively the relation between body
      lead burden and pregnancy outcome. Three-quarters of the enrolled women were
      residents of the Port Pirie municipality; the other women lived in adjacent towns
      and countryside. At 14-20 weeks' gestation, the Port Pirie resident women had a
      mean blood lead concentration of 10.6 micrograms/dl, while the mean in the other
      (non-Port Pirie) women was 7.6 micrograms/dl. Similar differences were observed
      in maternal blood samples taken at 30-36 weeks, at delivery, and from the
      umbilical cord. These blood lead measures, in conjunction with information
      collected on other risk factors, were then examined in relation to pregnancy
      outcome. Among 749 pregnancies followed to completion, pre-term delivery was
      statistically significantly associated, in a dose-response manner, with maternal
      blood lead concentration at delivery. Mothers of late fetal deaths (stillbirths)
      had blood lead concentrations at 14-20 weeks' gestation similar to those of all
      the other women but had lower concentrations at delivery than the other women.
      Outcomes of pregnancy for which no association with blood lead was detected were
      spontaneous abortion, low birthweight (for births at term), intrauterine growth
      retardation, premature rupture of the membranes, and congenital anomalies.

PMID- 3711767
TI  - Testicular cancer mortality in England and Wales 1971-80: variations by
      occupation.
AB  - The occupations of all males aged 15 and over dying of cancer of the testis in
      England and Wales from 1971 to 1980 (2434 cases) have been examined in a case
      control study. Significant excess mortality was found in farmers (although not
      farm workers), food manufacture and preparation workers, and draughtsmen,
      although the results show little evidence of a major role for occupation in the
      aetiology of this cancer. The results may, however, aid the search for those
      factors in modern life that may have contributed to the sharp rise in incidence
      of this cancer in recent years.

PMID- 3711768
TI  - Diet and coronary heart disease in England and Wales during and after the second
      world war.
AB  - During the second world war there were large changes in consumption of fats,
      fibre, and sugar in Britain. These changes matched recent recommendations made by
      the Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy (COMA) with the object of
      reducing the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD). It is widely believed
      that CHD mortality fell during the war. This paper re-examines CHD mortality
      among middle-aged people in England and Wales from 1931 to 1967. After allowance
      for changes in the rules for coding cause of death, and for the sharp increase in
      all-causes mortality in 1940, there is little to suggest that time trends in CHD
      were much influenced by the war. Because of confounding variables, this does not
      argue against the COMA report. However, it gives no support to the view that
      compliance with the recommendations on fat, fibre, and sugar will lead, by
      itself, to an appreciable fall in CHD mortality in middle-aged people.

PMID- 3711770
TI  - Breast screening clinic versus health education session as outlets for education
      in breast self-examination.
AB  - A population based programme to educate women in breast self-examination (BSE)
      was organised as part of the UK Trial of Early Detection of Breast Cancer. Women
      who responded to an invitation to a meeting were educated in groups and were not
      routinely screened. Open access clinics offered x ray and clinical examination to
      all women in the study age group of 45 to 64. Women who presented for screening
      without prior BSE education were taught individually by clinic staff. Women
      taught by the two methods were surveyed by post and their BSE practice since
      education was compared. It was hypothesised that the women taught in clinics, who
      had been reassured of their breast normality, would practice BSE more regularly
      and correctly. Results did not confirm this hypothesis. Lower standards of
      practise and a higher level of anxiety at the time of survey were found in the
      group who presented at a free access clinic and had received individual teaching
      at the time of screening.

PMID- 3711769
TI  - Social and family factors in childhood hospital admission.
AB  - The relation between social, economic, and family life event measures and rates
      of hospital admission during the period from birth to 5 years was studied in a
      birth cohort of New Zealand children. Both family social background and family
      life events made a significant contribution to the variability in the risk of
      hospital admission. However, economic factors made no significant contribution to
      rates of admission when the correlated effects of family social background and
      life events were taken into account. In addition, the effects of family life
      events on risks of admission appeared to be far more marked than the effects of
      family social background. Possible explanations of the consistent association
      between life events and rates of morbidity during early childhood are discussed.

PMID- 3711771
TI  - Psychiatric morbidity after screening for breast cancer.
AB  - One hundred and thirty two women with normal breast screening results were
      interviewed six months after their attendance at the Edinburgh Breast Screening
      Clinic. Eight percent of women said screening had made them more anxious about
      developing breast cancer. Thirty eight percent said they were more aware of the
      disease since screening but they regarded this as advantageous. Seventy percent
      of the women were still practising breast self-examination. There was no
      difference in the psychiatric morbidity of the screened sample when compared with
      a matched random sample community control group. Neither was there any difference
      in the General Health Questionnaire case rates before and after screening.
      Screening does not appear to increase the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity.
      Twenty nine percent of the interview sample were examining their breasts more
      than once a month--21% once a week or more. However, these frequent self
      examiners did not have a greater prevalence of psychiatric morbidity than their
      matched controls.

PMID- 3711772
TI  - Increase in hospital admissions for torsion of testis.
AB  - Data from Hospital Activity Analysis (HAA) for the Wessex Health Region show a
      70% increase in hospital admissions for torsion of the testis between 1971 and
      1982. The frequency of emergency admission leading to orchidopexy doubled, but
      there was no increase in the rate of emergency admission followed by
      orchidectomy. Detailed investigation of records from Southampton hospitals
      suggests that the trend cannot be explained by errors in the ascertainment of
      cases by HAA. The rise in admissions could result from a greater awareness of the
      diagnosis among general practitioners leading to more frequent referral of mild
      cases, but it seems more likely that it reflects a real increase in the incidence
      of the disorder.

PMID- 3711774
TI  - Cerebral palsy--is it a seasonal disorder?
AB  - A relationship between the season of birth and the occurrence of neurological
      disorders has already been reported. An attempt has been made to see if a similar
      relationship exists in the case of cerebral palsy also. The month of birth of all
      the 212 children with cerebral palsy attending specialised centres in New Delhi
      was ascertained. The month of birth was compared with the month-wise normal
      distribution of live births in Delhi. The difference in monthly trend was found
      to be statistically highly significant. Does it suggest that cerebral palsy is a
      seasonal disorder?

PMID- 3711773
TI  - Reduction of tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide intake in low tar smokers.
AB  - Blood nicotine, cotinine, and carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) concentrations were
      measured in 392 smokers (255 women and 137 men) of "middle tar" (17-22 mg), "low
      to middle" (11-16 mg), and "low tar" (less than 11 mg) cigarettes. Since tar
      intake cannot yet be measured directly, we devised an index to estimate it based
      on the use of measured levels of an intake marker (eg, blood nicotine) and the
      ratio of the tar to marker yields of the cigarettes. This approach was validated
      by its ability to enhance the prediction of levels of one marker by use of
      another. In a practical test, using COHb and the CO/nicotine yield ratio of the
      cigarettes, the mean blood nicotine concentration of the low tar smokers was
      predicted to be 31.9 ng/ml compared with the measured mean of 31.8 ng/ml. Our
      main findings were that despite substantial compensatory increases in inhalation,
      the low tar smokers took in about 25% less tar, about 15% less nicotine, and
      about 10% less carbon monoxide than smokers of middle and low to middle tar
      cigarettes. These results indicate that low tar cigarettes of the type available
      in Britain since the late 1970s are likely to prove less harmful than other
      brands. Monitoring of smoke intakes could supplement epidemiological approaches
      and provide earlier evidence of whether changing cigarette designs lead to any
      significant dosage reduction that could affect the risk of disease.

PMID- 3711775
TI  - Auditory word discriminations in the pigeon.
AB  - Four pigeons were trained on a multiple variable-interval 30-s extinction
      schedule with various pairs of spoken English words presented as the
      discriminative stimuli. The birds typically produced discrimination indices of
      70% to 90% accuracy. Discrimination accuracy was improved by shortening the
      interval between auditory stimulus presentations, and by increasing the number of
      syllables in the words.

PMID- 3711776
TI  - Stimulus definition in conditional discriminations.
AB  - With a customary arrangement of three horizontally aligned stimulus/response
      keys, two rhesus monkeys learned conditional hue and line discriminations--an
      "identity-matching" procedure. First, sample stimuli were presented on the center
      key, and comparison stimuli were presented on the two side keys. Next, the sample
      was allowed to appear on any one of the three keys, with the comparisons on the
      remaining two. The change from fixed to variable sample and comparison locations
      caused the horizontal and vertical lines to lose control over the animals'
      responses; the conditional hue discrimination remained intact. Accurate
      description of controlling stimuli in a matching-to-sample procedure may
      therefore require that their spatial location be specified.

PMID- 3711777
TI  - A comparison of delays and ratio requirements in self-control choice.
AB  - In a discrete-trial procedure, pigeons could choose between 2-s and 6-s access to
      grain by making a single key peck. In Phase 1, the pigeons obtained both
      reinforcers by responding on fixed-ratio schedules. In Phase 2, they received
      both reinforcers after simple delays, arranged by fixed-time schedules, during
      which no responses were required. In Phase 3, the 2-s reinforcer was available
      through a fixed-time schedule and the 6-s reinforcer was available through a
      fixed-ratio schedule. In all conditions, the size of the delay or ratio leading
      to the 6-s reinforcer was systematically increased or decreased several times
      each session, permitting estimation of an "indifference point," the schedule size
      at which a subject chose each alternative equally often. By varying the size of
      the schedule for the 2-s reinforcer across conditions, several such indifference
      points were obtained from both fixed-time conditions and fixed-ratio conditions.
      The resulting "indifference curves" from fixed-time conditions and from fixed
      ratio conditions were similar in shape, and they suggested that a hyperbolic
      equation describes the relation between ratio size and reinforcement value as
      well as the relation between reinforcer delay and its reinforcement value. The
      results from Phase 3 showed that subjects chose fixed-time schedules over fixed
      ratio schedules that generated the same average times between a choice response
      and reinforcement.

PMID- 3711778
TI  - Eyelid development and fusion induced by cortisone treatment in mutant, lidgap
      Miller, foetal mice. A scanning electron microscope study.
AB  - In normal mice the eyelids grow across the eye and fuse together during days 15
      and 16 of gestation, and the mice are born with their eyes closed. In mutant
      lgMl)/lgMl) (lidgap-Miller) foetuses this growth and fusion does not occur and
      the mice are born with their eyes open. A single prenatal treatment with
      cortisone on day 14 of gestation masks the genetic defect, and the mice are born
      with their eyes closed. In the present study, a scanning electron microscope was
      used to investigate: whether eyelid closure in cortisone-treated lgMl/lgMl
      foetuses differs from that in normal foetuses of the CBA/J and ICR/Ml strains
      and, if so, how; and off developing eyelids of untreated lgMl/lgMl foetuses
      differ from normal. The induced closure differs from normal. During their growth,
      eyelids of treated mutant foetuses have a deficiency of rounded periderm cells at
      their margins; the margin cells agglomerate and flatten prematurely. In closed
      eyes of treated mutants there is a gap between periderm cells of the upper and
      lower eyelids along part of the fusion line. Fusion is completed late, during day
      17. Maturation of the head periderm is advanced in treated lgMl/lgMl foetuses on
      day 16, relative to normal CBA/J and untreated lgMl/lgMl foetuses. Untreated
      lgMl/lgMl foetuses differ from normal in that the eyelids never cover the eye and
      lack rounded periderm cells at their perimeter. The periderm cells present form a
      flattened band along the eyelid margin rather than, as in normal eyelids, along
      the fusion line. The results of the cortisone study suggest that the route to
      eyelid closure in mice may not be narrowly canalized either in cell morphology or
      number, or in timing, and that closed eyes may be achieved after cortisone
      treatment in lgMl/lgMl foetuses as part of an induced maturation of the periderm.

PMID- 3711779
TI  - Visual deprivation and the maturation of the retinotectal projection in Xenopus
      laevis.
AB  - There has been a resurgence of interest, recently, in the possible role of neural
      activity in the ordering of synaptic connections in the lower vertebrate
      retinotectal system. Blockade of all neural activity, by chronic administration
      of tetrodotoxin (TTX), during the regeneration of the optic nerve in goldfish has
      been found to prevent the re-emergence of a fully ordered retinotectal
      projection. We sought to determine the effects of visual deprivation, a less
      radical perturbation of neural activity than that produced by TTX, on the initial
      development of the retinotectal projection. The contralateral visuotectal
      projection was studied in Xenopus laevis which had been reared in darkness from
      before the onset of visual function. The projection mapped electrophysiologically
      at metamorphic climax, or in postmetamorphic juveniles, showed a normal
      retinotopic topography. The topographic precision of the projection, as revealed
      by the multiunit receptive field sizes, was the same in light- and dark-reared
      animals. The laminar distribution, in the superficial neuropil of the optic
      tectum, of terminals from different classes of retinal ganglion cells was also
      normal. It is concluded that the specific retinotectal connections underlying
      these features of the projection are generated by intrinsic developmental
      processes which do not require visual experience. Among these intrinsic processes
      might be 'spontaneous' neural activity.

PMID- 3711780
TI  - The precision of pathway selection by developing peripheral axons in the axolotl.
AB  - At the time of hindlimb development in the axolotl there is a well-established
      but still developing trunk innervation. The trunk innervation is primarily
      composed of the segmental nerves, each of which consists of a dorsal and a
      ventral ramus and its branches. At a few segmental levels in the region of the
      hindlimb a large number of additional axons arise to innervate the limb. To reach
      the limb, they must grow via the ventral rather than the dorsal rami. The
      precision with which this pathway is selected was determined by counting axons in
      the dorsal and ventral rami at limb segmental levels, prior to and during the
      period of maximum axon proliferation. If outgrowth is highly directed rather than
      random, then the ratio of ventral/dorsal ramus axons should increase
      significantly during the period when large numbers of additional axons are
      produced. In addition, since the dorsal trunk varies little in size between limb
      segments and immediately caudal 'non-limb' segments, the number of axons in the
      dorsal rami can be compared at the two levels. Mistaken projections should result
      in inordinately large axon numbers in dorsal rami at limb compared to non-limb
      levels. The results show that there is approximately a tenfold increase in the
      ratio of ventral/dorsal ramus axons at the time of maximum outgrowth to the limb,
      thus the mode of distribution at the ventral-dorsal branch point is significantly
      altered in favour of growth toward the limb, and outgrowth appears to be highly
      directed rather than random. Moreover at this time there is no discernible
      increase in the number of dorsal ramus axons at limb levels while those at non
      limb levels increase fourfold. The apparent growth of all axons into the ventral
      ramus suggests the presence of a strong, non-specific attraction.

PMID- 3711781
TI  - The handedness and origin of supernumerary limb structures following 180 degrees
      rotation of the chick wing bud on its stump.
AB  - The pattern of differentiated wing structures formed following 180 degrees
      rotation of the undifferentiated wing bud tip on its base was examined in detail.
      These analyses were performed to determine the handedness and origin of the
      supernumerary structures which arise. In contrast to the variable classes of
      symmetric and/or asymmetric limb anatomies observed following the same operation
      with amphibian regeneration blastemas, wings of predictable handedness were
      observed. Both the graft and stump contributed cells to the supernumerary
      structures. These results are discussed in the light of two current models
      describing the developing chick limb and analysed diagrammatically within the
      framework of one of these models, the polar coordinate model.

PMID- 3711782
TI  - Localization of specific mRNA sequences in Xenopus laevis embryos by in situ
      hybridization.
AB  - In situ hybridization of cloned cDNA probes to frozen sections of Xenopus laevis
      stage-42 tadpoles has been used to determine the tissue localization of several
      mRNAs. Nine out of sixteen probes tested hybridized to most or all tadpole
      tissues; seven probes exhibited tissue-specific hybridization. The non-tissue
      specific sequences hybridized to RNA species that are also present in maternal
      RNA while the tissue-specific sequences hybridized to embryonic RNA species
      induced after gastrulation and undetectable in maternal RNA. Tissue-specific
      hybridization was observed with muscle (five clones), epidermis (one clone), and
      the nervous system (one clone). All muscle-specific sequences hybridized to
      somites and lateral plate muscles, but they differed in their hybridization to
      heart muscle.

PMID- 3711783
TI  - Tetrasomy 16 in the mouse: a more severe condition than the corresponding
      trisomy.
AB  - Although an understanding of the phenotypic similarities and differences between
      individuals trisomic and tetrasomic for the same chromosome or chromosome segment
      is of considerable theoretical interest with regard to the relationship of the
      phenotypic features of aneuploid states to changes in the dosage of specific
      genes, the data obtainable from human cases of tetrasomy do not permit firm
      conclusions to be drawn. However, a mouse model system based on the intercrossing
      of animals doubly heterozygous for two Robertsonian translocation (metacentric)
      chromosomes with monobrachial homology can be used to generate both tetrasomic
      and trisomic embryos simultaneously. With mice carrying the two metacentric
      chromosomes, Rb(11.16)2H and Rb(16.17)32Lub, which share chromosome 16 in common,
      embryos with tetrasomy 16 and trisomy 16 have been generated. The rate of non
      disjunction in both males and females was 34 to 36%, and the observed overall
      frequency of tetrasomics in embryos up to 10 days of age was 3.3%, very close to
      the expected 3.1%. Although trisomy 16 and tetrasomy 16 embryos could not be
      distinguished by size from one another or from diploid embryos at the sixth day
      of gestation, the tetrasomy 16 embryos were very small and delayed in development
      at day 10 and clearly distinguishable from the trisomics. Fusion of the anterior
      neuropore had not occurred, rotation of the embryo was incomplete, and somite
      formation was retarded. By day 12, all of the tetrasomy 16 embryos were either
      dead or dying. By contrast, virtually all trisomy 16 embryos were alive at day
      10, although about 60% were retarded in development. The same was also the case
      on day 12 for trisomy 16 embryos obtained from mothers that were naturally mated.
      However, superovulation of the mothers, which caused a doubling of the number of
      implants, resulted in a significant decrease in the frequency of trisomy 16
      embryos and possibly of tetrasomy 16 embryos as well. This finding is consistent
      with the suggestion that the viability of aneuploid embryos, which may be at a
      proliferative disadvantage, is highly dependent upon intrauterine conditions.
      These exogenous factors notwithstanding, it is clear that tetrasomy 16 has much
      more deleterious effects on embryonic development than does trisomy 16 and that
      four doses of the genes on chromosome 16 result in developmental derangements
      greater than are produced by three doses of the same genes.

PMID- 3711784
TI  - An examination of the evidence for the existence of preformed pathways in the
      neural tube of Xenopus laevis.
AB  - We have examined the neural tube in Xenopus laevis tadpoles to investigate the
      anatomical guidance elements which may be present in the presumptive marginal
      zone. With appropriate fixation protocols the neuroepithelial cells appeared in
      contact; electron microscopic observations failed to show any specialized
      intercellular spaces preceding the growing axons. The first fibres were found in
      the intercellular clefts between the neuroepithelial cells near the surface of
      the neural tube. Reconstructions of the neural tube from examination of serial 1
      micron sections showed that the intercellular clefts are non-aligned at this
      stage and branching. Scanning electron microscopy of the surface of the neural
      tube confirmed that the intercellular spaces are non-aligned and often branch
      caudal to the growing front of descending axons. Thus to grow in a consistent
      direction the developing axons may have to make consistent and selective
      (specific) selections of pathway at numerous branch points if their growth is
      restricted to these intercellular clefts. As more axons grow along the neural
      tube, the intercellular clefts become wider, and the neuroepithelial cells
      bounding the clefts become indented. At later stages many fibres were observed
      with both scanning and transmission electron microscopy to grow along the surface
      of the neural tube. These changes in neuroepithelial cell morphology and fibre
      pathway allow axons to form bundles which take a fairly straight course in
      contrast to the winding path which must be taken by the first axons to grow
      through the intercellular clefts.

PMID- 3711785
TI  - Comparison of the effects of vitamin A on limb development and regeneration in
      the axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum.
AB  - The objective of this investigation was to compare the effect of vitamin A on
      limb development and limb regeneration in the same animal, at the same time, thus
      eliminating the possibility that species differences or different rates of uptake
      between animals would influence the results. Axolotl larvae had both right limbs
      amputated and then were treated with retinol palmitate by immersion at 60 or 300
      mg l-1 for 4 or 10 days. Intact left developing limbs at the cone, two-digit, or
      four-digit stages responded to the treatment by deletion of skeletal elements
      producing hypomorphic limbs. Severity of the deletions was correlated with higher
      dose, longer times, and earlier stages of limb development. In contralateral
      right regenerating limbs, the effect of the same treatment was to cause various
      degrees of proximodistal duplication as well as occasional hypomorphic
      regenerates. Thus, there is a marked difference in response to vitamin A between
      developing and regenerating limbs. The implications of this observation are
      discussed especially with respect to the underlying morphogenetic mechanisms.

PMID- 3711786
TI  - Non-random spatial arrangement of clone sizes in chimaeric retinal pigment
      epithelium.
AB  - Clonal analysis of whole-mount preparations of entire retinal pigment epithelium
      (RPE), using SWR in equilibrium C57BL/6JLac and DDK in equilibrium C3H/Bi mouse
      aggregation chimaeras in which one of the two parental components predominated,
      revealed a markedly non-random spatial arrangement of patch (clone) sizes. Single
      cell and small patches predominated in an area around the optic nerve head while
      large patches occurred most frequently near the periphery. Mechanisms are
      discussed which may explain these results. Patch size frequency distributions
      were concave and skewed. Singletons were the most frequent size class, but a wide
      range of sizes and a smaller number of much larger patches were also always
      found. The results preclude the use of statistical methods previously employed to
      calculate clone sizes from the geometric means of observed patch sizes. Instead,
      the median and interquartile range may provide the best summary of the observed
      patch size frequency distributions. Our findings support a stochastic model of
      tissue growth.

PMID- 3711787
TI  - Interaction between the leg and surrounding thorax in the beetle.
AB  - Interactions between the insect leg and surrounding thoracic epidermis were
      studied in the beetle, Tenebrio, by grafting the entire larval prothoracic leg
      into the metathoracic leg site in various orientations. Control grafts simply
      heal, but A/P reversed grafts lead to regeneration of supernumerary legs of host
      orientation in A and P positions. M/L reversed grafts also give supernumeraries,
      again with host orientation but in M (or MP) and L (or LA) positions. The
      differences in structure between adult prothoracic and metathoracic legs allow
      the origin of these supernumeraries to be analysed at coxa and tarsus level. The
      A/P supernumeraries are consistent and complementary in structure, of host origin
      on the host side and graft origin on the graft side, and with the borders in
      apparently constant midmedial and midlateral positions. The M/L supernumeraries,
      however, are variable and often non-complementary in structure. The results of
      the A/P and M/L reversals are similar to those found at a more distal level in
      Tenebrio legs and the legs of several hemimetabolous insects, suggesting that the
      arrangement of positional values and A and P compartments extends from the
      epidermis of the leg onto the surrounding thorax. The results of a 180 degrees
      rotation of the entire leg, however, differ from those found at a more distal
      level in that the grafted leg rarely derotated and two (or occasionally one or
      three) supernumeraries are formed in a wide variety of positions, some with
      constant and others with variable orientation. These results are not readily
      explained by current models of insect leg formation and regeneration.

PMID- 3711788
TI  - Observations on cell lineage of internal organs of Drosophila.
AB  - Adult Drosophila mosaics can be used to study cell lineage and to map relative
      positions of primordia at the blastoderm stage. This information can define which
      germ layer an organ comes from and can help build models of genetic regulation of
      development. Here we use the sdh cell marker to map internal organs in mosaics
      made by nuclear transplantation. We confirm that oenocytes arise from the same
      progenitors as the adult epidermis, but that muscles and fat body have a separate
      (mesodermal) origin and that the precursors of epidermis and central neurones are
      closely intermingled in the ventral, but not dorsal, epidermis. We find that the
      malpighian tubules are more closely related to the hindgut than the midgut and
      are therefore ectodermal in origin. We find that each intersegmental muscle in
      the thorax arises from one specific parasegment in the embryo, but that very
      small numbers of myoblasts wander and contribute to muscles of inappropriate
      segments. We present evidence indicating that the visceral muscles of the midgut
      have a widely dispersed origin (over much of the embryo) while the somatic
      mesoderm of the female gonad comes from a small number of abdominal segments. The
      visceral mesoderm of the hindgut develops from a localized posterior region of
      the embryo.

PMID- 3711789
TI  - Manipulation of gap junctional communication during compaction of the mouse early
      embryo.
AB  - Three treatments that prevent cell flattening during compaction of the mouse
      preimplantation embryo were assessed for their effects on the onset of gap
      junctional communication. Medium low in calcium (LCM) and an antiserum to an
      embryonal carcinoma cell line (anti-EC; Johnson et al. 1979) both prevented the
      establishment of coupling between blastomeres of the 8-cell embryo as assessed by
      transmission of carboxyfluorescein or by ionic coupling. Since neither of these
      agents prevents the contact-mediated induction of cell polarity that occurs at
      this stage, it is concluded that the induction of this process is not signalled
      via gap junctions. A monoclonal antibody (ECCD-1; Yoshida-Noro, Suzuki &
      Takeichi, 1984), that recognizes more specific components of the calcium
      dependent cell adhesion system, failed to prevent the onset of junctional
      coupling. This suggests that the onset of junctional coupling is not dependent
      upon extensive cell apposition and that the requirement for extracellular Ca2+
      resides at a level other than that of cell adhesion. Moreover, neither LCM nor
      anti-EC could reverse cell coupling once it had become established despite their
      complete reversal of cell flattening.

PMID- 3711790
TI  - Comparison of the effects of vitamin A on limb development and regeneration in
      Xenopus laevis tadpoles.
AB  - The purpose of these experiments was to compare the effects of vitamin A on
      developing and regenerating limbs in Xenopus laevis tadpoles. Each tadpole had
      one hindlimb amputated to induce regeneration while the contralateral developing
      limb was left intact. Tadpoles at stages 50 through 54 were treated by immersion
      in retinol palmitate at doses ranging from 0.3 to 75 i.u. ml-1, for periods
      ranging from 1 to 14 days. Developing limbs usually became hypomorphic as a
      result of the treatment, with results varying with stage and treatment from
      slight phalange derangements to total disruption of pattern, or complete
      inhibition of limb development. Regenerating limbs gave a variety of responses
      including hypomorphic regeneration, proximodistal or anteroposterior duplication
      of skeletal elements, or complete suppression of regeneration. The response to
      retinol palmitate of developing limbs was clearly different from regenerating
      limbs. Hypotheses which might explain the results were discussed and a hypothesis
      which proposed a dual action of vitamin A affecting both the cell cycle and the
      mechanism of pattern regulation was proposed.

PMID- 3711791
TI  - The effects of local application of retinoic acid on limb development and
      regeneration in tadpoles of Xenopus laevis.
AB  - Vitamin A can have different effects on developing and regenerating limbs
      depending on the mode of administration. Previous work has demonstrated the
      differential effect of retinol palmitate on limb development and regeneration in
      Xenopus laevis. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the
      effects of vitamin A on limb development and regeneration in Xenopus when
      administered by a local implantation method. Xenopus tadpoles had both hindlimbs
      implanted with either a block of silastin carrying retinoic acid or an anion
      exchange resin bead carrying retinoic acid and then the right hindlimb was
      amputated and the effect of the retinoic acid on limb development and
      regeneration was studied. The results showed that in developing hindlimbs the
      effects of silastin implants carrying retinoic acid was to cause skeletal
      reductions or deletions similar to those induced by immersion of the tadpole in
      retinol palmitate. On the other hand, in regenerating hindlimbs, the silastin
      implants caused a range of skeletal reductions and deletions as well as
      occasional accessory structures but notably induced no proximodistal (PD)
      duplications, unlike the effect of immersion in retinol palmitate where PD
      duplications were a common response. Implantation of anion exchange resin beads
      carrying retinoic acid had no significant effect on either development or
      regeneration beyond stage 50, presumably because the dose of the retinoic acid
      was so low. Thus the results suggest that the mode of administration of vitamin A
      has a very significant influence on its effects. The significance of this
      observation for vitamin A experiments on limbs is discussed.

PMID- 3711792
TI  - Further studies on the melanophores of periodic albino mutant of Xenopus laevis.
AB  - It is still unknown why dermal melanophores disappear during larval development,
      and why no or very few epidermal melanophores appear during and after
      metamorphosis, in Xenopus laevis showing periodic albinism (ap). To elucidate
      these points, we investigated the occurrence of depigmentation in mutant (ap/ap)
      melanophores during in vitro proliferation and the incidence of melanophore
      differentiation from mutant melanoblasts in the skin in vitro. During in vitro
      proliferation of mutant melanophores, ap-type melanosomes decreased in number
      gradually and instead the number of premelanosomes increased in the cells, which
      caused depigmentation at the light microscopic level in the culture.
      Depigmentation was observed only in mutant melanophores, and not in wild-type
      (+/+) melanophores. These results suggest that autonomous depigmentation of
      mutant dermal melanophores is the cause of the disappearance of these cells in
      vivo. Dopa-positive melanoblasts were demonstrated in both wild-type and mutant
      skins. However, the melanoblasts of metamorphosed mutant froglets did not
      differentiate in vitro, while those of wild-type froglets did. These results
      suggest that mutant melanoblasts in the skin of froglets lose the potency to
      differentiate into melanophores, and that this causes the lack of mutant
      melanophores in the froglets. The site of action of the ap gene is also
      discussed.

PMID- 3711793
TI  - Pattern formation in 8-cell composite embryos of Xenopus laevis.
AB  - We have shown in defect experiments that an 8-cell embryo of Xenopus laevis
      consists of three kinds of cells, that is, animal, vegetal dorsal and vegetal
      ventral cells, and that cells of different kinds are distinctly different in
      their developmental capacity. Complete pattern formation occurs in any defect
      embryo which contains at least two animal, one vegetal dorsal and one vegetal
      ventral cell. In the present transplantation experiments, we replaced one or two
      cells of one 8-cell embryo by those of another to obtain 29 series of composite
      embryos, in which the cell composition of an embryo and/or the dorsoventral
      orientation of individual cells differed from those of a normal 8-cell embryo.
      The resulting embryos were examined macroscopically when controls reached stage
      26 (tailbud stage) and later. The results showed that both the two animal dorsal
      cells or one vegetal dorsal cell could be replaced by animal ventral cells or a
      vegetal ventral cell, respectively, without any detectable effect on pattern
      formation, irrespective of the ventrodorsal direction of the ventral cells. On
      the other hand, replacement of an animal ventral or a vegetal ventral cell by an
      animal dorsal or a vegetal dorsal cell, respectively, made most composite embryos
      twins. Twins were also formed when a left-handed vegetal dorsal cell was replaced
      by a right-handed counterpart and vice versa. In these composite embryos, the
      dorsoventral orientation of the transplanted cell was different from that of a
      resident dorsal cell or cells of a recipient, and several lines of evidence show
      that the dorsal cell transplanted in an off-axis orientation is responsible for
      twin formation. Thus, dorsal cells have the capacity to form dorsal axial
      structures at later stages and this capacity is localized on the dorsal side, and
      endows the cells with polarity. On the other hand, ventral cells did not have
      this capacity or polarity, judging from the fact that their orientation had no
      effect on pattern formation. One vegetal dorsal or ventral cell could be replaced
      by an animal dorsal or ventral cell, respectively, without any marked effect.
      However, replacement of two vegetal cells by animal ones and of one or two animal
      cells by vegetal ones resulted in deficiency of vegetal cells and oedema and in
      deficiency of animal cells and incomplete invagination, respectively. Twin
      formation in composite embryos with animal dorsal cells in place of animal
      ventral ones is discussed in consideration of findings in recombination
      experiments by Nieuwkoop.

PMID- 3711794
TI  - Natural killer clones derived from fetal (25 wk) blood. Probing the human T cell
      receptor with WT31 monoclonal antibody.
AB  - We have conducted a phenotypic and functional analysis of 19 cloned cell lines
      generated after allogeneic stimulation of circulating lymphocytes from a normal
      human fetus aged 25 wk. Using a limited series of mAbs (Anti-T3, WT31, T4, T8,
      and NKH1A), cloned cells were found to fall in three groups. Three clones have a
      conventional "inducer" phenotype. Three clones have a phenotype (T3+, WT31+, T8+,
      and NKH1A+) similar to that of certain NK active mature T lymphocytes present in
      adult peripheral blood. In contrast, 13 cell lines display surface
      characteristics that have not been described previously. Indeed, they express T3
      proteins but not the WT31 determinant. In light of previous studies, these
      results show that WT31 mAb is a unique reagent directed at an invariant epitope
      of the human T cell receptor that is not present on all circulating T3+ fetal
      lymphocytes. Functionally the T3+, WT31+, and NKH1A+ clones were found to kill
      immunizing LAZ 388 cells, as well as K562, while T3+, WT31- and NKH1A+ clones
      display NK-like function exclusively. Moreover, only WT31+ lymphocytes present in
      the cell line used for cloning experiments have the capacity to recognize
      alloantigen-bearing cells. Together, these data suggest that expression of WT31
      may be necessary for recognition of alloantigens, while NK reactions mediated by
      T3+ lymphocytes are WT31-independent.

PMID- 3711796
TI  - Haemolysis as an influence and interference factor in clinical chemistry.

PMID- 3711795
TI  - [The contribution of peroxisomes to lipid metabolism].
AB  - Peroxisomes are ubiquitous subcellular organelles. They contain catalase and
      hydrogen peroxide-producing oxidases like fatty acyl-CoA oxidase. The latter
      enzyme is part of a special fatty acid beta-oxidation system which shortens long
      chain fatty acids. The middle-chain acids formed are subsequently degraded by
      mitochondria. The capacity to remove very long fatty acids and trans-unsaturated
      acids found in hydrogenated oils is restricted to peroxisomes. Essentially, the
      peroxisomal beta-oxidation system is not constitutive but inducible by certain
      hypolipidaemic compounds which are distinguished by their capacity to lead to
      proliferation of peroxisomes. Thyroid hormones as well as prolonged exposure to
      cold and high fat diets, esp. with long-chain unsaturated fatty acids, also
      induce beta-oxidation and peroxisome proliferation. Two other beta-oxidative
      reactions namely the removal of the cholesterol side-chain, leading to the
      formation of bile acids, and the degradation of dicarboxylic acids as formed by
      omega-oxidation of fatty acids were shown to be connected with peroxisomes.
      Presumably also 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase, the key enzyme of
      cholesterol biosynthesis exists in a peroxisomal moiety. NADPH consumed in this
      reaction (and in the dihydroxyacetone phosphate pathway of glycerolipid
      synthesis) might be provided by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase which was
      recently also found in peroxisomes. Peroxisomes are indispensable in forming
      saturated ether lipids and plasmalogens because alkyldihydroxyacetone phosphate
      synthase is a membrane enzyme exclusively located in peroxisomes. Certain other
      enzymes of the dihydroxyacetone phosphate pathway of glycerolipid synthesis are
      also found in peroxisomes. Because of the combination of oxidases like fatty acyl
      CoA oxidase and catalase and the feasibility of reoxidising NADH within the
      peroxisomes the aerobic metabolism of peroxisomes is energy-wasting. Therefore
      they might be important in chemical thermogenesis and in the control of body
      weight. For all these reasons peroxisomes must be essential for human metabolism.
      This is further demonstrated by genetically caused disorders: Total absence of
      peroxisomes is connected with the fatal cerebro-hepatorenal Zellweger syndrome.
      Defective peroxisomal beta-oxidation is manifested in Schilder's disease
      (adrenoleukodystrophy) characterized by accumulation of very long fatty acids.
      Peroxisomes perform a number of complementary and auxiliary reactions in general
      cell metabolism, in particular the cata- and anabolism of certain lipids, and
      therefore deserve consideration in clinical chemistry.

PMID- 3711797
TI  - Haemolysis as an interference factor in clinical chemistry.
AB  - Using fully mechanized analytical equipment, interference by haemolysis in the
      determination of 26 clinical chemical parameters was determined quantitatively by
      adding haemolysate to serum. Haemoglobin concentrations up to 6.6 g/l caused
      essentially no interference in the following determinations: albumin (immuno
      nephelometric), alpha-amylase, calcium, chloride, cholesterol, cholinesterase,
      creatinine, iron, glucose, glutamate dehydrogenase, uric acid, urea, sodium,
      inorganic phosphate, total protein, transferrin and triglycerides. In the
      presence of haemoglobin, erroneously high values were found for: lactate
      dehydrogenase (haemoglobin higher than 0.2 g/l), aspartate aminotransferase,
      potassium and acid phosphate (haemoglobin higher than 1.5 g/l), creatine kinase
      (haemoglobin higher than 2.5 g/l) and alanine aminotransferase (haemoglobin
      higher than 3.4 g/l). Erroneously low values were found for bilirubin
      (haemoglobin higher than 0.8 g/l), alkaline phosphatase and albumin (by
      electrophoresis) (haemoglobin higher than 1.5 g/l) and gamma-glutamyltransferase
      (haemoglobin higher than 3.0 g/l).

PMID- 3711798
TI  - [Routine clinical chemical analysis with prepared reagent carriers].
AB  - The determination of glucose, uric acid, urea, triglycerides, cholesterol,
      sodium, and potassium was investigated using an Ektachem DT 60 and the Ektachem
      DTE-module. The coefficients of variation ranged from 0.5 to 5.3% for within run
      and from 1.1 to 4.7% for within day precision. The deviations of the measured
      values from the assigned values (determined by gas chromatography and mass
      spectrometry, or by interlaboratory surveys were less than 5%. The determination
      of urea in control samples was influenced by matrix effects, but not the analysis
      of patients samples. The comparative analysis of patient samples with routine
      methods and multilayer reagent carriers showed good agreement. The linear
      coefficients of correlation ranged from 0.9318 (sodium) to 0.9945
      (triglycerides). The analyser is easy to use and has been proved to be very
      reliable. The throughput of 65 substrate and 15 electrolyte determinations per
      hour is sufficient for the medical practitioner or small laboratories.

PMID- 3711799
TI  - Eumelanin-related indolic compounds in the urine of treated melanoma patients.
AB  - A method was developed for the quantitation of six eumelanin-related indolic
      compounds in urine. The procedure employs methane ionization of the
      hexafluoroisopropyl and/or pentafluoropropionyl derivatives of 5,6
      dihydroxyindole, 5-hydroxy-6-methoxyindole, 6-hydroxy-5-methoxyindole, 5-hydroxy
      6-methoxyindolyl-2-carboxylic acid, 6-hydroxy-5-methoxyindolyl-2-carboxylic acid
      and 5,6-dimethoxyindolyl-2-carboxylic acid together with their deuterated
      analogues, and selected ion-monitoring. Deuterated analogues are added as
      internal standards to enzymatically hydrolysed urine before diethyl ether
      extraction. The method was used for monitoring urinary excretion in patients with
      malignant melanoma treated with cytostatics. In several cases, a decrease of the
      excretion of the eumelanin-related substances was recorded after the therapy. The
      usefulness of the individual indolic compounds for such follow-up studies is
      discussed.

PMID- 3711800
TI  - [Circadian rhythm of parathyrin and calcitonin concentrations in the serum].
AB  - The circadian variations of serum intact parathyrin, C-terminal parathyrin (65
      84), mid-region parathyrin (44-68) fragments, calcitonin, total calcium, ionized
      calcium, albumin and phosphate were measured in five healthy subjects. Intact
      parathyrin, parathyrin (44-68) and calcitonin show a synchronous diurnal
      fluctuation with a nocturnal increase to a maximum between 24.00 and 2.00 hours.
      Whereas phosphate has a marked circadian rhythmicity with a zenith between 1.00
      and 8.00 hours, total calcium and albumin show a tendency to decrease between
      20.00 and 6.00 hours. Ionized calcium concentration remains constant over the
      whole day.

PMID- 3711801
TI  - [Ceruloplasmin in the diagnosis of gynecologic tumors].
AB  - Serum caeruloplasmin levels were measured in women with ovarian, collum and
      corpus carcinomata using three different assay methods. The enzyme assay gave a
      median value of 0.26 g/l, the SPALT (solid phase antigen luminescence technique)
      a median value of 0.78 g/l and the ILMA (immunoluminometric assay) a median of
      0.44 g/l. A group of blood donors, taken as the reference group, had a median
      value of 0.29 g/l in the SPALT assay, which was significantly lower than in the
      tumour group measured by this method. The ILMA and enzymatic assay values were
      not significantly different from those measured in the reference group. The
      differences in the SPALT method can be ascribed to the possibility that this
      assay measures not only "intact" caeruloplasmin but also paraneoplastic
      substances with "caeruloplasmin-like immunoactivity". The median of the
      concentration of tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) was significantly different
      from those measured in the reference group. The concentrations of
      carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were not different from the reference group.

PMID- 3711802
TI  - Determination of catecholamines in plasma by HPLC and amperometric detection.
      Comparison with a radioenzymatic method.
AB  - The determination of norepinephrine and epinephrine in plasma by HPLC with
      amperometric detection was modified, giving detection limits of 25 ng/l for
      norepinephrine and epinephrine, respectively, using 1 ml plasma. In order to
      achieve this sensitivity, it was necessary to minimize the background noise by
      modification of instrumentation and specimen handling. Particularly important was
      the extra purification of the reagents, the application of micro-bore HPLC, the
      enzymatic cleavage of uric acid and temperature control of the amperometric cell
      and the amplifier. Comparison of the present method with the radioenzymatic
      determination of catecholamines resulted in coefficients of correlation of r =
      0.924 and 0.919 for norepinephrine and epinephrine, resp. (n = 38). The
      concentrations of the 38 different samples used for the comparison were in the
      physiological range.

PMID- 3711803
TI  - Sialic acid in human serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Comparison of methods and
      reference values.
AB  - Sialic acid was estimated simultaneously by three methods: chemical determination
      based on Warren's method (Meth. Enzymol. 6, 463-464 (1963) with slight
      modifications, enzymatic measurement with a commercially available test kit, and
      high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) according to Silver et al. (J.
      Chromatogr. 224, 381-388 (1981). These methods showed closely correlated (r
      greater than 0.930) results and displayed similar precision data. Interference
      studies demonstrated sufficient specificity for the chemical assay, which was 5-6
      times more sensitive than the enzymatic test and hence chosen for the
      establishment of reference values. From 249 sera from healthy people between 16
      and 63 years the 0.025-0.975-reference intervals were calculated to be 1.57-2.63
      mmol/l for 127 men, and 1.69-2.64 mmol/l for 122 women with no significant
      dependence on age and sex. From 43 cerebrospinal fluids from healthy adults the
      respective values were 17.3-50.4 mumol/l. These data correspond to those of the
      literature. Some chemical assays employing thiobarbituric acid were compared.
      They proved reliable in contrast to the reaction of serum with 4
      dimethylaminobenzaldehyde.

PMID- 3711804
TI  - Psychosocial risk assessment in clinical medicine.

PMID- 3711805
TI  - An improved technique for Papanicolaou smear sampling in postmenopausal women.

PMID- 3711806
TI  - Proteinuria in adolescents.

PMID- 3711807
TI  - Occupational medicine.

PMID- 3711808
TI  - Bowel preparation for flexible sigmoidoscopy.

PMID- 3711809
TI  - Peripartum cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 3711810
TI  - The relationship between family functioning, life events, family structure, and
      the outcome of pregnancy.
AB  - A prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the relationship of family
      functioning, family structure, and life events with pregnancy outcome. Family
      functioning was assessed utilizing the Family Adaptability and Cohesion
      Evaluation Scales (FACES) and the Family APGAR. One hundred twenty-five infants
      were delivered with a mean birth weight of 3,283 g and a mean gestational age of
      281.2 days. Listwise deletion of missing data reduced the study sample to 102
      mother-infant pairs with no bias in the dependent or predetermined variables in
      the subsample. Birth weight was regressed on medical, anthropometric, risk
      behavior, sociodemographic, and life-events variables, which together explained
      42 percent of the variance. Family functioning was found to contribute an
      additional 7 percent of the variance (adjusted R2 = 0.49). Family structure
      accounted for 4.5 percent of the variance in birth weight, and life events added
      5 percent. As a complementary analysis, infant birth weight was regressed on the
      medical, anthropometric, sociodemographic, risk-behavior, and life-events
      variables, and the residuals from this equation were then regressed on the
      measures of family functioning. Again, abnormal family functioning proved to be a
      powerful and significant contributor to the explained variance.

PMID- 3711811
TI  - Asphyxia neonatorum.
AB  - Various biochemical and structural changes affecting the newborn's wellbeing
      develop as a result of perinatal asphyxia. Central nervous system abnormalities
      are frequent complications with high mortality and morbidity. Cardiac compromise
      may lead to dysrhythmias and cardiogenic shock. Coagulopathy in the form of
      disseminated intravascular coagulation or massive pulmonary hemorrhage are
      potentially lethal complications. Necrotizing enterocolitis, acute renal failure,
      and endocrine problems affecting fluid electrolyte balance are likely to occur.
      Even the adrenal glands and pancreas are vulnerable to perinatal oxygen
      deprivation. The best form of management appears to be anticipation, early
      identification, and prevention of potential obstetrical-neonatal problems. Every
      effort should be made to carry out effective resuscitation measures on the
      depressed infant at the time of delivery.

PMID- 3711812
TI  - Abnormal serum creatine kinase and MB fraction following an amitriptyline
      overdose.

PMID- 3711813
TI  - The effect of melatonin administration and short exposures to cold on body
      temperature of the blind subterranean mole rat (Rodentia, Spalax ehrenberghi,
      Nehring).
AB  - Improvement of the cold resistance capacity of the mole rat (Spalax ehrenbergi,
      Nehring), a blind subterranean rodent, was achieved following subcutaneous
      melatonin administration. Melatonin-treated mole rats exhibited reduction both in
      initial body temperature (Tbo) and in the decrease of body temperature (delta Tb)
      after 6 hours of exposure to cold. The tested mole rats were acclimated to and
      kept during the experiment, under long (16L/8D) photoperiod schedule while the
      effects of melatonin administration on body temperature simulated the effects of
      short photoperiod conditions. These results suggest that in mole rats, melatonin
      biochemically mediates photoperiodic information into body temperature
      physiological response. As a byproduct of the original experiment, it was found
      that frequently repeated short (6 hours) exposure to cold (Ta = 5 +/- 1 degrees
      C) can in itself initiate an improvement of cold resistance capacity similar to
      the effect of melatonin administration. This supports the idea that mole rats may
      improve their cold resistance in response to either photoperiodic or climatic
      changes.

PMID- 3711814
TI  - The histochemical identification of primordial germ cells in diploid
      parthenogenetic mouse embryos.
AB  - An attempt has been made to improve the early post-implantation development
      potential of diploid parthenogenetic mouse embryos by transferring
      parthenogenetic blastocysts to one uterine horn of a pseudopregnant recipient and
      a similar number of fertilized embryos to the contralateral horn. In control
      studies, diploid parthenogenetic embryos were transferred to both uterine horns
      of appropriate recipients. Unfortunately no obvious advantage appeared to be
      gained by carrying out the former manoeuvre. A significant improvement in the
      development potential of the parthenogenones could have indicated that their poor
      post-implantation survival might have been associated with a deficiency, possibly
      of hormonal origin, in the functioning of their decidual reaction. However,
      sufficient somite-containing parthenogenetic embryos were obtained in this study
      to allow a comparison to be made between them and fertilized embryos that were
      morphologically at a comparable stage of development. The parthenogenones were
      found to have a markedly smaller crown-rump length than their fertilized
      counterparts. A high proportion of both the parthenogenetic and fertilized
      embryos were subsequently fixed and appropriately stained in order to localize
      alkaline phosphatase activity. The analysis of this material clearly demonstrated
      that parthenogenetic mouse embryos are in fact capable of producing primordial
      germ cells. The latter were recognized by their morphology, histochemical
      staining appearance, and characteristic location, being found in the early
      'turned' embryos within the dorsal mesentery in close proximity to the developing
      gut tube, and in the more advanced limb-bud stage embryos within the gonadal
      ridges.

PMID- 3711815
TI  - Taurine transport by the flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) intestine.
AB  - Taurine transport by the flounder gut was characterized in isolated strips of
      intestine mounted between Ringer's solutions. Taurine was transported into the
      cell, against its concentration gradient, by a sodium-dependent system present in
      both the mucosal and serosal membranes. This system appears to be specific for
      beta-amino acids and is regulated by cyclic nucleotides (cGMP and cAMP). Kinetic
      analyses indicated that under physiological conditions the magnitudes of the
      bidirectional taurine uptake rates would favor net absorption of taurine from
      lumen to blood.

PMID- 3711816
TI  - Pronounced influence of Hb-O2 saturation on red cell pH in tench blood in vivo
      and in vitro.
AB  - At an extracellular pH of 7.9 the red cell pH in tench blood exhibits a
      nonlinear, strongly inverse relationship with Hb-O2 saturation, both when
      investigated in vitro and in vivo (in fish exposed to acid water with and without
      aluminium). The pHi difference between deoxygenated and oxygenated erythrocytes
      is large (i.e., 0.35 pH units), which can be accounted for by the Haldane effect
      and the buffering properties of the blood. The major shift in pHi occurs between
      50 and 100% Hb-O2 saturation, indicating an almost full exploitation of the
      Haldane effect within the normal physiological range of blood O2 saturations.

PMID- 3711817
TI  - Plasma levels and renal handling of endogenous amino acids in snakes: a
      comparative study.
AB  - Plasma levels of 22 endogenous amino acids were measured by ion-exchange
      chromatography in four species of snakes: Thamnophis sirtalis, T. radix,
      Aipysurus laevis, and Python molurus. Despite considerable interspecific
      variation in the amino acid composition, all species showed relatively high
      plasma concentrations of histidine, a feature apparently unique to reptiles. The
      renal handling of these amino acids was studied by renal clearance methods. As in
      other vertebrates, net tubular absorption of filtered amino acids predominated.
      However, net tubular secretion of taurine, cysteic acid and/or phosphoserine and
      beta-alanine was observed, with taurine being the predominant amino acid
      secreted. The percentage reabsorption of the total amino acids filtered by the
      snake kidneys ranged from 79 to 95%. Evidence for the postrenal absorption of
      amino acids in these reptiles is presented. In species that normally undergo
      hibernation (Thamnophis spp.), the ability of the kidney to reabsorb amino acids
      was depressed by cold acclimation. Cold acclimation significantly decreased
      plasma levels of all amino acids except taurine, whose concentration increased.
      The increase in plasma taurine level may have resulted from cellular
      osmoregulation. Under these conditions, renal excretion of taurine increased
      concomitantly with the increase in plasma taurine concentration.

PMID- 3711818
TI  - Development of fast singing muscles in a katydid.
AB  - In males of the katydid Neoconocephalus robustus, mesothoracic wings are used in
      flight (wing stroke frequence = 20 Hz) and stridulation (200 Hz), while the
      metathoracic wings are used in flight alone. Most mesothoracic wing muscles
      produce much briefer isometric twitches than metathoracic counterparts. The
      mesothoracic first tergocoxal muscle (TCX1) has a twitch duration (onset to 50%
      relaxation, 35 degrees C) of 6-8 ms and the metathoracic TXC1 a twitch duration
      of 12-15 ms. The TCX1 muscles from animals one and two instars from adulthood
      produce twitches similar in duration to those of the adult metathoracic TCX1. The
      twitch duration of the mesothoracic TCX1 acquires its adult brevity gradually
      over the first 5 days of adult life. Both TCX1 muscles increase greatly in size
      and mitochondrial content around the time of the terminal molt. During this
      period the mesothoracic TCX1 develops narrower myofibrils and a smaller ratio of
      fibril volume to sarcoplasmic reticulum volume than is characteristic of the
      metathoracic TCX1. Changes in the ultrastructure of the mesothoracic TCX1 precede
      changes in contraction kinetics around the time of the terminal molt so that
      there is not a strict correlation between muscle structure and performance during
      the period of rapid growth.

PMID- 3711819
TI  - Descriptive kinetics of spermatogenesis in four chromosomal species of the Spalax
      ehrenbergi superspecies in Israel.
AB  - The descriptive kinetics of the spermatogenic process has been studied in the
      four chromosomal species of Spalax ehrenbergi between November and March, the
      active period of reproduction. Spermatid development can be subdivided into 16
      steps in which the acrosome formation is clearly distinguishable and the Golgi,
      cap and acrosomic phases are identifiable. The first 12 steps of spermiogenesis
      can be utilized for the definition of characteristic time-dependent relationships
      among different germ cell associations (stages): twelve stages, I-XII, are
      clearly identifiable. In this regard no differences exist among the four
      chromosomal species. In general, the spermatogenic process in this species has
      the same pattern as that of Mus domesticus. Two relevant points distinguish
      Spalax spermatogenesis from Mus spermatogenesis: 1) the presence, throughout the
      stages I-XII of the seminiferous epithelium cycle of a larger size, oval shaped
      spermatogonium type containing heterochromatic granulations; 2) the Sertoli cells
      show only one heterochromatic clump closely attached to the nucleolus; moreover,
      the Sertoli cell cytoplasm is more PAS-positive than that of Mus.

PMID- 3711820
TI  - Inhibition of fertilization of the rabbit ova in vitro by the antibody to the
      inner acrosomal membrane of rabbit spermatozoa.
AB  - The antibody to the rabbit sperm inner acrosomal membrane, raised in guinea pig,
      completely inhibited the fertilization of rabbit ova in vitro. The F(ab')2 of the
      antibody was equally effective in inhibiting fertilization. The antibody appeared
      to exert its inhibitory effect by binding to the inner acrosomal membrane of
      acrosome-reacted sperm. The antibody-treated sperm did not attach to or penetrate
      the zona pellucida. Thus, anti-IAM offers a great potential as a contraceptive
      agent.

PMID- 3711822
TI  - Relative intensities of selected ions of methaqualone-related isomers.

PMID- 3711821
TI  - Secretion of prolactin-synergizing activity (synlactin) by the liver of
      ectothermic vertebrates in vitro.
AB  - Recent work in our laboratory indicated that the liver of rats and pigeons
      secretes a prolactin synergist (synlactin) in vitro. We have investigated the
      secretion of this activity by the liver of nine species of ectothermic
      vertebrates. Liver from three teleosts (goby, salmon, and tilapia), four
      amphibians (Ambystoma, Necturus, bullfrog, and grass frog) and two reptiles
      (turtle and anole) was diced, washed, and incubated for 3 hr in isotonic medium.
      After dialysis, the liver incubation media (LIM) were tested with and without
      prolactin (PRL) in the local pigeon crop-sac bioassay. The LIM for turtle, larval
      bullfrog, freshwater salmon, and 5% seawater-adapted goby significantly augmented
      the local crop-sac response to PRL, but the LIM from anole, adult bullfrog, grass
      frog, fasted larval Ambystoma, Necturus, 100% seawater-adapted goby, and tilapia
      did not contain synergizing activity. We conclude that synlactin is secreted by
      the liver of several species representing three of the major ectothermic classes
      of vertebrates. It is significant that in two cases, larval bullfrog and 5%
      seawater-adapted goby, the presence of synlactin occurs in physiological states
      in which PRL is active. In the opposite cases (adult frog and 100% seawater
      adapted goby) the activity was not detectable. We also found that the liver of
      larval and adult bullfrogs and tilapia released a factor in vitro that had
      proliferative activity in the crop-sac. This activity appears to be distinct from
      synlactin.

PMID- 3711823
TI  - A microplate method for reverse ABO typing of bloodstains.
AB  - A sensitive and reliable hemagglutination assay, using V-bottom microplates, is
      described for the detection of the ABO blood group alloantibodies in bloodstained
      material. When used in conjunction with an absorption-elution procedure, the
      microplate assay resulted in a 300% increase in the number of conclusive grouping
      results when compared to the Lattes crust test. The use of the microplate reverse
      grouping assay permits 24 specimens to be assayed conveniently on a single plate
      and eliminates the tedious and time-consuming microscopic examination required
      for the Lattes crust test.

PMID- 3711824
TI  - Improved enhancement of ninhydrin developed fingerprints by cadmium complexation
      using low temperature photoluminescence techniques.
AB  - Fingerprints developed with ninhydrin form stable, colored complexes when treated
      with various metal salts. Many of these colored complexes can be used to increase
      the sensitivity of detection of latent prints because of photoluminescent
      properties. The intensity of this photoluminescence is increased at low
      temperature (77K), and this is a common characteristic of each of the complexes
      formed with salts of the IIb group of the Periodic Table. Spectral
      characteristics of these Group IIb metal complexes and the influence of
      environmental factors on their formation are reported. These data have helped
      determine optimal conditions for the enhancement of ninhydrin developed
      fingerprints. Taking into account spectral characteristics, solubility,
      versatility, stability, and reproducibility, the use of the cadmium nitrate
      tetrahydrate complex is advocated for general use for fingerprint enhancement.
      The use of zinc nitrate is favored if toxicological considerations are paramount,
      but ninhydrin development has to be carefully controlled if optimal results are
      to be obtained. Limited applications for mercuric complexes are found when a red
      shift is desired to remove background effects.

PMID- 3711825
TI  - Sensitivity enhancement of ninhydrin-treated latent fingerprints by enzymes and
      metal salts.
AB  - Lyophilized Sigma Type III trypsin has been applied to latent prints two weeks to
      two months old. This trypsin preparation eliminates the background problems that
      had been encountered with old prints in a previous study. Zinc chloride treatment
      of latent prints previously exposed to ninhydrin enhances their detectability
      upon laser examination. However, it has been reported that the zinc chloride
      reaction occasionally fails to occur. Accordingly, we have investigated the
      optimization of this reaction. We find that high humidity and elevated
      temperature, particularly the former, are needed. Cadmium nitrate, although it
      produces weaker fluorescence than zinc chloride, may at times be useful. Reaction
      conditions are much the same as those for zinc chloride.

PMID- 3711826
TI  - Multicenter evaluation of ultrafiltration, dialysis, and thermal coagulation as
      sample pretreatment methods for the colorimetric determination of paraquat in
      blood and tissues.
AB  - Three methods of sample pretreatment for the rapid colorimetric determination of
      paraquat were compared: ultrafiltration, dialysis, and thermal coagulation.
      Spiked autopsy blood and tissue samples were examined in parallel in Groningen
      and Krakow and some samples were interchanged. All three methods gave recoveries
      between 87 to 102%; accuracy at the 20-mg/L level was within 10% of the target
      value and coefficients of variation in the 10 to 60-mg/L range were between 3 to
      15%. Determinations in blood and liver in a fatal case of Gramoxone poisoning
      showed excellent agreement. Because of its reliability, speed, and simplicity,
      ultrafiltration is the method of choice.

PMID- 3711827
TI  - Identification of fentanyl derivatives.
AB  - An interpretative approach to the identification of fentanyl homologs and analogs
      is presented. The techniques employed are liquid/liquid extractions; capillary
      gas chromatography; and infrared, mass, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral
      characterization. Spectral data are presented for eight fentanyl derivatives of
      clandestine origin.

PMID- 3711828
TI  - Patterns in sharp force fatalities--a comprehensive forensic medical study.
AB  - A ten-year series of 142 homicidal fatalities caused by sharp force injury was
      studied with the aim to systematize information inherent in the characteristics
      of the victim and the pattern of injuries. The population of victims consisted of
      112 males (79%) and 30 females (21%); among perpetrators, 125 (88%) were males.
      Among victims as well as among perpetrators, persons of non-Swedish origin were
      overrepresented in relation to their share of the nonselected population. In 82
      cases (58%), one or two wounds had been inflicted; in 23 cases (16%), ten or more
      wounds. In the latter group, eleven victims but no perpetrators were female. In
      the majority of cases victim and perpetrator were known to each other, and in
      instances of multiple wounding, a close relationship between the two was clearly
      more common than in the group of one- to two-wound fatalities. Tests for blood
      alcohol were positive in 86 of 116 victims (74%), the majority being in
      elimination phase. Furthermore, 96 of 120 perpetrators (80%) had positive tests
      or were known to be drunk at the time of the killing. In multiple wound
      fatalities, alcohol inebriation was less common both among victims and
      perpetrators. In these cases, the two persons involved were usually closely
      related or intimately known to each other, and in the absence of psychiatric
      disorder in the assailant, the motive was of a passionate type.

PMID- 3711829
TI  - Hemolysis and hyperkalemia complicate malignant hyperpyrexia during anesthetic
      death.
AB  - A healthy, 15-year-old male received a thiopental, nitrous oxide, oxygen,
      enflurane anesthetic for appendectomy. Cardiac arrest, following succinylcholine
      administration, was associated with marked hyperkalemia (potassium levels 8.7 to
      11.6 meq), hemolysis (hematocrit fall from 41.7 to 26.6%, plasma hemoglobin 27
      mg/dL), and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) elevation (8900 units). Vigorous
      resuscitative therapy including dantrolene was unsuccessful. The diagnosis of
      malignant hyperthermia was made by the marked CPK elevation on blood samples
      drawn during resuscitation and analyzed by the Medical Examiner's Office.

PMID- 3711830
TI  - The value of microscopic features in the examination of human head hairs:
      statistical analysis of questionnaire returns.
AB  - There is an apparent diversity of opinion with respect to the probative value of
      hair in the United Kingdom and in North America. A questionnaire was devised and
      widely circulated in an attempt to discover the reasons behind this diversity and
      to seek the views of a broad range of hair examiners. This paper reports on the
      statistical analyses of the answers to the closed form questions. The majority of
      replies to most questions favored the number of categories given in the
      questionnaire. The general impression is that U.K. scientists tend to want fewer
      categories for classification of microscopic features than the North Americans.
      The largest divisions of opinion concerned pigment distribution and density and
      the medulla, where North American scientists want more categories for
      classification and the U.K. scientists fewer. The implications of these results
      in the choice and description of features to be examined in human hairs is
      considered in the second paper concerned with this questionnaire.

PMID- 3711831
TI  - The value of microscopic features in the examination of human head hairs:
      analysis of comments contained in questionnaire returns.
AB  - Comments received in response to a questionnaire seeking opinion about hair
      examination have been considered. The questionnaire was in two parts: the first
      was concerned with the description of microscopic features and the second with
      the use of numerical features and data sheets in hair examinations. The same
      format is used to present a synopsis of the many individual comments and
      suggestions contained in questionnaire returns. It is argued that a hair
      examination form can contribute to more effective hair examinations although not
      replacing direct side-by-side comparisons. A hair examination form is presented
      with recommendations for its use.

PMID- 3711832
TI  - The effect of skin cleansing agents on ethanol results measured with the Du Pont
      automatic clinical analyzer.
AB  - The effect of various prepackaged skin cleansers on the results of serum ethanol
      analyses performed with the Du Pont automatic clinical analyzer has not been
      previously reported. When added directly to serum in concentrations of either
      0.625 or 1.56% (v/v), neither polyvinyl-pyrrolidone iodine nor benzalkonium
      chloride affected the ethanol results. The cross-reactivity of isopropanol with
      the automatic clinical analyzer ethanol procedure was 3.9%. The greatest
      interference in the measured ethanol concentration was from the addition of green
      soap tincture, which contained 30% ethanol. The effect of improper phlebotomy
      technique on ethanol measurements was also investigated by performing
      venipunctures through a pool of 100% ethanol on the skin. No ethanol was detected
      in these samples unless an ethanol-soaked sponge was pressed over the
      venipuncture site while the needle was withdrawn from the skin. When correct
      phlebotomy technique is used, skin cleansing agents should not affect the results
      of ethanol measurements determined with the Du Pont automatic clinical analyzer.

PMID- 3711833
TI  - Alcohol: its effect on handwriting.
AB  - A series of research studies was conducted to determine if there would be changes
      in the handwriting of 35 men and women after they had been drinking. Handwriting
      samples were taken before the participants had consumed any alcohol and again
      after the drinking period had ended. Deterioration in the handwriting was
      charted. Based on this study, the handwriting could not be used in any way to
      measure accurately the blood alcohol concentration of a writer. The results of
      the handwriting comparisons are discussed.

PMID- 3711834
TI  - Bilateral asymmetry of long arm bones and jugular foramen: implications for
      handedness.
AB  - The analysis of asymmetry of the arm long bones and of the cranial jugular
      foramen has been used to suggest handedness in humans. However, because of the
      unavailability of documented skeletal material, neither criterion has been
      systematically tested. If both criteria are associated with handedness, they
      should also be intercorrelated within individuals. Data were collected from
      skeletal material of 125 males and 57 females to test whether this
      intercorrelation exists. According to Chi-square analysis, no statistically
      significant association was identified. After examining several hypotheses, it
      was concluded that until further substantiation, neither criterion is related to
      handedness to a degree appropriate for forensic science identification from
      skeletal remains.

PMID- 3711835
TI  - Ethical concerns expressed by forensic psychiatrists.
AB  - A survey was made of American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS) forensic
      psychiatrists to evaluate whether there is concern among them about potential
      ethical problems in criminal justice work. Of the respondents, 93.8% had
      encountered such problems. The main concerns indicated were about those
      psychiatrists who become a "hired gun," become an advocate, do not give an honest
      opinion, or have problems with confidentiality. The need for ethical guidelines
      and further debate about ethical issues is presented.

PMID- 3711836
TI  - Relationship security: the dynamics of keepers and kept.
AB  - Hiring, training and supervising treatment staff who work closely with forensic
      patients at all levels of security requires careful planning. In particular,
      staff must identify and share feelings like fear and anger that are always
      generated when patients threaten or attack staff. Approaches to dealing with
      staff countertransference to patients are suggested in this article, and aids to
      breaking the aggression cycle are discussed. Relationship security is a working
      through of dynamics that are always in operation where there are keepers and
      kept.

PMID- 3711837
TI  - Posttraumatic stress disorder in murderers.
AB  - Three case histories of men who suffered posttraumatic stress disorders after
      committing homicides are presented. These men were relatively young and had
      chaotic childhoods and minimal criminal histories. Each had killed a woman with
      whom he had a significant but intensely turbulent emotional relationship. The
      killings all occurred during altered mental states that were unrelated to the use
      of drugs or alcohol. The clinical significance and some of the medicolegal
      implications of this phenomenon are discussed.

PMID- 3711838
TI  - Pedophile types and treatment perspectives.
AB  - Pedophiles constitute a heterogeneous group of sex offenders. Direct
      physiological assessment of sexual arousal has significantly increased our
      diagnostic skill and capability of monitoring treatment response. Erectile
      response studies have indicated that the majority of pedophiles and incest
      offenders show arousal to other paraphilias and frequently to appropriate adult
      sexual stimuli. Many sexual offenders deny or minimize their problem during
      initial interviews, but when confronted with laboratory results indicating
      deviant sexual arousal, they often acknowledge and elaborate on the
      paraphilia(s). Complete data and diagnoses are crucial in integrating treatment
      in the cognitive-behavioral paradigm.

PMID- 3711839
TI  - Once more unto the breech: the firearms evidence in the Sacco and Vanzetti case
      revisited: Part I.
AB  - The Sacco and Vanzetti case has a timeless appeal. It raises trenchant issues of
      the fairness of a criminal trial in the face of the public's hue and cry. It is a
      sorry reminder that physical evidence must be closeted with care and
      punctiliously marked for later courtroom uses. Claims of unfairness at the trial
      of Sacco and Vanzetti have evoked doubts of their guilt. On this issue, a Select
      Committee of firearms experts in 1983 reevaluated the existing firearms evidence
      from the Sacco and Vanzetti trial. Its conclusions, a number of which point
      unerringly to the guilt of Sacco and none of which add a scintilla to the case
      against Vanzetti, are analyzed in this paper, which is in two parts. Part I sets
      the stage by focussing on the facts of the crime in South Braintree, MA and the
      prosecutorial strategies in the use of the firearms evidence at the trial in
      Dedham, MA. The firearms evidence against Vanzetti is analyzed separately from
      that marshalled against Sacco. Part II will address the rampant charges of
      governmental misconduct in the handling of the firearms evidence. A concluding
      section of Part II reveals startling new evidence relevant to the guilt of Nicola
      Sacco.

PMID- 3711840
TI  - Resolution of some enantiomeric amines of forensic interest by high-performance
      liquid chromatography.
AB  - The high-performance liquid chromatographic resolution of the enantiomers of
      amphetamine, methamphetamine, ephedrine, and pseudoephedrine is described. The
      sugar isothiocyanate, 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl isothiocyanate
      (GITC), is used as a chiral derivatizing agent, with chromatographic separations
      of the diastereomers formed with each amine made using a standard achiral C18
      stationary phase.

PMID- 3711841
TI  - The effect of tempered glass on bullet trajectory.
AB  - It was determined that tempered glass automobile windows may severely influence
      the trajectory of .38 Special projectiles. In replicating an actual case
      situation, deflections as great as 26.4 degrees were observed with jacketed
      hollow-point ammunition, and as high as 10.8 degrees for lead ammunition.

PMID- 3711842
TI  - Unusual hanging deaths.
AB  - Four unrelated hanging deaths involving young white males, all in enlisted status
      in the United States military, are presented. Taken in a military context, one
      scene served as a suicide note equivalent with the unmistakable message of
      extreme defiance toward military regulations. In two cases, the elaborate attire
      of the decedents could have lead to the misclassification of the manner of death
      if investigative information had not been considered. Extensive background
      investigation and review of medical records in the fourth case disclosed that the
      victim had an eight- to ten-year history of compressing his neck to cause
      unconsciousness. He left an extensive suicide note in which he concluded that
      "hanging would be good." Each case has certain unique features, as a group, the
      cases all demonstrate a continuum from obvious suicide to cases where the manner
      of death is, at first, equivocal.

PMID- 3711843
TI  - Close proximity gunshot residues.
AB  - Intuitively, a hand held in close proximity to a firearm at the instant of
      discharge will intercept a significant amount of gunshot residue, even though the
      hand did not actually come into contact with the weapon. There is, however,
      little information specifically described in the forensic science literature
      concerning the residue levels which might be encountered in such an instance. The
      present work confirms that antimony levels consistent with an individual having
      fired or handled a firearm may be intercepted by a hand held in close proximity.

PMID- 3711844
TI  - Patterned injury and its evidentiary value.
AB  - A rape-homicide victim was stomped by her assailant leaving a unique patterned
      injury on her scalp. Two methods were used to subsequently match the patterned
      injury on her scalp to the pattern on the shoe of the assailant that was found at
      the crime scene.

PMID- 3711845
TI  - Identification of the murder weapon by intricate patterned injury measurements.
AB  - Critical studies of an intricate blunt force injury pattern in a brutal homicide
      led to the identification of the murder weapon. A 50-year-old male was bludgeoned
      to death in his apartment during a robbery allegedly engineered by his daughter.
      Careful measurements and overlay construction of the wounds relative to the
      magazine catch, lanyard ring, magazine chamber, and butt of a 32-caliber Eistegui
      Hermanos fibar (Espana) automatic pistol led to the conclusion that either the
      alleged weapon or one identical to it caused the fatal injuries.

PMID- 3711846
TI  - Let's cure the insanity of "malpractice".

PMID- 3711847
TI  - Defending quality of care.

PMID- 3711848
TI  - Development of the Florida County Public Health Unit System.

PMID- 3711849
TI  - The elements of power.

PMID- 3711850
TI  - Up against the wall: police productivity in the 1980s.

PMID- 3711851
TI  - Non-linear kinetics of ethyl alcohol metabolism.

PMID- 3711852
TI  - The detection of spermatozoa in the mouth.

PMID- 3711853
TI  - Blood alcohol concentrations following the inhalation of ethanol vapour under
      controlled conditions.

PMID- 3711854
TI  - The detection of some non-drug poisons in simulated stomach contents by diffusion
      into various colour reagents.

PMID- 3711855
TI  - Doctrine, science, belief, evidence.

PMID- 3711856
TI  - Blood alcohol: the concentration-time curve and retrospective estimation of
      level.

PMID- 3711857
TI  - Ultrastructure and chemical composition of lipopolysaccharide extracted from
      Leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni.
AB  - Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni was
      prepared from the aqueous phase of a phenol/water extract. Electron microscopic
      examination of negatively stained LPS showed a mixture of ribbon-like, round and
      ring structures. Carbohydrate analysis of the preparations revealed pentoses,
      hexoses, heptoses, hexosamines, and a 2-keto-3-deoxyonic acid which was
      chromatographically different from authentic 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid (KDO).
      The major fatty acids of the LPS were hydroxylauric, palmitic and oleic acids.
      Although the leptospiral LPS preparations did not contain KDO or hydroxymyristic
      acid, they were otherwise morphologically and chemically similar to the LPS of
      other Gram-negative bacteria.

PMID- 3711858
TI  - Glycolipoprotein cytotoxin from Leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni.
AB  - Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glycolipoprotein (GLP) and lipid extract were prepared
      from Leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni. GLP, lipid extract or purified
      fatty acids from lipid extract produced cytotoxic effects seen as cell enzyme
      leakage followed by cytotoxic death when tested in mouse fibroblast L929 cells in
      tissue culture. All extracts also agglutinated mouse erythrocytes but purified
      LPS was not cytotoxic. Neither GLP nor LPS were pyrogenic but both gelled Limulus
      amoebocyte lysate. Specific anti-GLP IgG neutralized the cytotoxic and
      haemagglutinating effect of GLP; however, at higher concentrations it enhanced
      the cytotoxicity of GLP and mediated lysis of the erythrocytes. A high dose of
      leptospires (i.e. 10(10) organisms) killed weanling mice causing pathological
      changes similar to those seen in acute leptospirosis. Similar results were
      obtained with live, dead, pathogenic and saprophytic leptospires. The results
      suggest that toxicity is involved in leptospiral infection and that lipid
      components either of whole leptospires or of a leptospiral GLP may contribute to
      the pathogenesis of acute leptospirosis.

PMID- 3711859
TI  - A decrease in GTP content is associated with aerial mycelium formation in
      Streptomyces MA406-A-1.
AB  - Aerial mycelium formation by Streptomyces sp. MA406-A-1, a formycin-producing
      strain, was suppressed by the presence of excess nutrient. In such suppressed
      cultures, decoyinine, which specifically inhibits GMP synthetase, initiated the
      formation of aerial mycelium at concentrations which only partially inhibited
      growth. The intracellular GTP pool of organisms growing in liquid culture
      markedly decreased on the addition of decoyinine. Decoyinine was also effective
      in initiating aerial mycelium formation of three other Streptomyces spp.
      examined. Regardless of the successful initiation of aerial mycelium formation,
      the ability of the cells to produce antibiotics (formycin or actinomycin D) did
      not increase, but decreased, on the addition of decoyinine. It is concluded that
      aerial mycelium formation by Streptomyces results from a decrease in the pool of
      GTP (or GDP), whereas antibiotic synthesis results from a different signal(s).

PMID- 3711860
TI  - Analysis of inverted repeat DNA in the genome of Rhodomicrobium vannielii.
AB  - The DNA of Rhodomicrobium vannielii was analysed for the presence of inverted
      repeat sequences (IR DNA) by S1 nuclease digestion. Approximately 7% of
      chromosomal DNA was found to be IR DNA which comprised two size classes. The
      large IR DNA was heterogeneous and contained species in the size range 100-700
      bp. The smaller size class contained species of 17 and 27 bp. Both size classes
      of IR DNA hybridized to many chromosomal restriction fragments, suggesting that
      these IR DNA sequences are dispersed throughout the genome. Hybridization studies
      also indicated sequence homology between the two classes of IR DNA and suggested
      that the 17 and 27 bp IR DNA sequences may exist in clusters.

PMID- 3711861
TI  - Proteinases of Legionella: phenylalanineaminopeptidase of L. pneumophila.
AB  - Phenylalanineaminopeptidase was isolated and purified from the culture filtrate
      of Legionella pneumophila by affinity chromatography on O-tert-butyl-L-threonyl-L
      phenylalanyl-L-prolylglycyl-aminosilo chrom and by gel-filtration; a 401-fold
      purification with a yield of 18% was achieved. The enzyme was a metalloenzyme
      with a molecular weight of 35000 and a pI of 5.8. It was stable at pH 7-9 and had
      an activity optimum in the range of pH 8-9.5 with L-phenylalanine p-nitroanilide
      as substrate. Enzyme activity was highest towards the latter compound,
      substantially lower towards L-leucine p-nitroanilide and only marginal towards
      other p-nitroanilides. Besides phenylalanineaminopeptidase, a metalloproteinase
      and a serine proteinase were also detected in L. pneumophila culture filtrate.

PMID- 3711862
TI  - Immunochemical characterization of the cell surface carbohydrate antigens of
      Peptostreptococcus anaerobius.
AB  - Two carbohydrate antigens were isolated from the cell surface of
      Peptostreptococcus anaerobius. One, extracted from purified cell walls with NaOH,
      contained glucose and phosphorus, with traces of galactosamine and glucosamine.
      Serological activity was detected by a 'dot blot' procedure. The second antigen,
      extracted from cell membranes with phenol and purified by chromatography on
      Sepharose 6B and an immunoadsorbent column, contained glucose, glycerol
      phosphate, phosphorus and fatty acids. Antigenicity of this extract could also be
      demonstrated by an ELISA technique.

PMID- 3711863
TI  - Infection of cultured early mouse embryos with Semliki Forest and rubella
      viruses.
AB  - Early mouse embryos at the four- to eight-cell stage or the blastocyst stage
      could be infected with the A7 strain of Semliki Forest virus (SFV) after the
      removal of the zona pellucida, either by Pronase treatment or following hatching
      of blastocysts. With SFV, rapid virus production and eventual cytolysis resulted
      from infection at either stage. For four- to eight-cell embryos the cytopathic
      effect was delayed and a proportion of embryos developed to the blastocyst stage.
      Four- and eight-cell embryos could not be infected with rubella virus (RV), even
      after removal of the zona pellucida. RV infection of zona-free blastocysts
      resulted in a productive but non-cytolytic infection which did not affect
      embryonic development to the early egg-cylinder stage. RV did not multiply in
      inner cell mass cells isolated from embryos at the blastocyst stage, although SFV
      did multiply in such cells.

PMID- 3711864
TI  - Chronic infection of nude mice by murine K papovavirus.
AB  - Nude (nu/nu) mice were inoculated intracranially with 10(6.5) newborn mouse 50%
      lethal doses of K virus and were studied over a period of 28 weeks using
      serological methods, virus assay and immunohistological staining for viral
      antigens. K virus infection of nude mice, although clinically asymptomatic, was
      slowly progressive despite prompt IgM and IgG antibody response. The highest
      titres of K virus infectivity were reached in spleens, kidneys and intestines.
      Vascular endothelial cells represented the major site of viral replication, as
      has been shown to be the case in immunologically normal mice, with extensive
      involvement of intestinal capillaries. In addition, however, unlike
      immunologically normal mice, nude mice inoculated with K virus developed
      multifocal infection of renal tubular epithelial cells. Nude mice did not develop
      histologically detectable evidence of central nervous system involvement by K
      virus, and K virus infection did not result in neoplasia. Infected vascular
      endothelial cells and renal tubular epithelial cells in animals studied at 16 and
      27 weeks after inoculation were grouped in scattered clusters, suggesting local
      spread of infection. The present study indicates that nude mice with preserved B
      cell function but impaired T cell-mediated immunity are able to limit systemic
      dissemination of K virus but are unable to prevent local progression of infection
      by cell-to-cell spread. K virus is capable of altering its cellular tropism
      during chronic infection.

PMID- 3711865
TI  - Haemagglutinin of influenza A virus is a target for the antiviral effect of
      Norakin.
AB  - The anticholinergic anti-parkinsonism drug Norakin is an inhibitor of influenza
      virus multiplication. By crossing a Norakin-resistant variant of fowl plague
      virus (FPV) strain Weybridge with the sensitive FPV/Rostock/34 wild-type virus,
      Norakin-resistant recombinants were obtained. Analyses of the gene composition
      showed that all Norakin-resistant recombinants had inherited their haemagglutinin
      gene from the Norakin-resistant parent strain. The majority of the recombinants
      had received all the other gene segments from the sensitive parent strain.
      Norakin was shown to inhibit red blood cell lysis induced either by purified
      virions or by the haemagglutinin of a sensitive FPV strain at low pH, but failed
      to affect the Norakin-resistant FPV variant. No aggregation of autoliposomes
      containing the haemagglutinin of a sensitive FPV strain or digestion of the HA1
      subunit of haemagglutinin by trypsin occurred in the presence of Norakin at acid
      pH. The data suggest that the haemagglutinin of FPV is the target for the
      antiviral activity of Norakin, which acts by inhibiting the conformational change
      in the haemagglutinin at acid pH important for lysis.

PMID- 3711866
TI  - Murine pneumonia virus: seroepidemiological evidence of widespread human
      infection.
AB  - More than 75% of a random sample of adult human sera exhibited moderate to high
      murine pneumonia virus (PVM)-neutralizing activity. There was no correlation
      between PVM-neutralizing activity and respiratory syncytial virus or
      parainfluenza type 3 virus-neutralizing activities of the same sera. In children
      the proportion of sera with moderate to high titres increased with age,
      indicating early exposure to infection. Seroconversion (i.e. greater than
      fourfold increase in titre) was observed in four of 108 paired samples of
      previously undiagnosed respiratory infections. These observations suggest that
      the human population is frequently exposed to infection with PVM or an
      antigenically related virus. The sera of patients suffering from Paget's disease
      of bone tended to exhibit higher than normal PVM-neutralizing titres in
      comparison with the sera of patients with other bone diseases. Thus, PVM (or an
      antigenically related virus) resembles some other parainfluenza viruses in being
      circumstantially associated with Paget's disease of bone.

PMID- 3711867
TI  - Inhibitory effect of acyclovir on the growth of Inoue-Melnick virus isolated from
      cerebrospinal fluid.
AB  - Inoue-Melnick virus (IMV) was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of patients
      with chronic neurologic disorders. The effect of acyclovir (ACV), 9-(2
      hydroxyethoxymethyl)-guanine, on the growth of IMV was studied in human diploid
      cell cultures. ACV markedly inhibited the multiplication of all three IMV
      serotypes in vitro with the same inhibitory effect. By passage of IMV in the
      presence of ACV in the medium, ACV-resistant mutants of three IMV serotypes were
      easily isolated.

PMID- 3711868
TI  - Rapid diagnosis of echovirus 33 infection by neutralizing specific IgM antibody.
AB  - In 1982, we isolated 20 strains of echovirus type 33 (EV33) from 18 patients. We
      studied the humoral response to EV33 of 2,437 subjects from whom at least one
      serum was available during the same year. In 388 subjects with the neutralizing
      antibody level at 64 or more, we assayed the EV33 IgM antibodies by
      seroneutralization test after fractionation of sera by ion exchange
      chromatography. One hundred ninety-five subjects (8.0%) had a high titre (greater
      than or equal to 32) of EV33 IgM antibodies, which was considered as evidence of
      recent infection. The EV33-positive IgM fractions were assayed against five other
      enteroviruses. Sixty percent of the IgM fractions did not cross-react with any of
      the five serotypes, 8.7% cross-reacted with at least one serotype but with
      predominant EV33 IgM response, and 31.3% had an equivalent or greater amount of
      non-EV33 IgM antibodies; the type specificity of the assay was directly related
      to the age of the subjects. These findings suggest that determination of
      neutralizing specific IgM antibody is a sensitive and rapid test for the
      diagnosis of enterovirus infections, especially in young people.

PMID- 3711869
TI  - Tracheoesophageal puncture for voice restoration after laryngectomy.

PMID- 3711870
TI  - The Louisiana law of informed consent.

PMID- 3711871
TI  - Primary thrombocythemia: another cause of the "blue toe syndrome".

PMID- 3711872
TI  - Pheochromocytoma: localization with CT scan and selective angiogram.

PMID- 3711873
TI  - Impact of posttraumatic stress disorder of World War II on the next generation.
AB  - A clinical survey examined the experiences of children who grew up in families in
      which a father suffered from posttraumatic stress disorder as a result of combat
      experience in World War II. Although the data did not permit rigorous
      epidemiological or definitive etiological conclusions, the survey did reveal that
      some offspring of World War II combat veterans demonstrate long-term,
      transgenerational effects from their father's combat trauma. Although the
      children's conscious knowledge of the veteran's combat experience and the impact
      of the veteran on the affective life of his family and on his children varied
      among the five families studied, the continuing legacy of wartime trauma was
      apparent in the adult lives of many of these offspring.

PMID- 3711874
TI  - An empirical study of borderline personality disorder and psychiatric suicides.
AB  - Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is closely related to suicidal behavior,
      and suicide attempts per se are considered a diagnostic criterion. However, there
      has been no previous study of completed suicides and BPD. The present study is
      based on a population of 134 consecutive psychiatric suicides from 1961 to 1980
      in a catchment area of 250,000 inhabitants. Clinical records were retrospectively
      diagnosed according to the Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines and DSM-III.
      There was a progressive increase in proportion of borderline suicides during the
      time period. The overall proportion of BPD, however, was only 12%, indicating
      that borderline patients are not seriously overrepresented among patients
      committing psychiatric suicides. Demographic variables, earlier psychiatric care,
      and suicidal behavior in the borderline group are described and analyzed.

PMID- 3711875
TI  - Alcoholism and antisocial personality. The sociobiology of an addiction.
AB  - Alcohol consumption may become adaptive from the evolutionary viewpoint when
      drinking settings and intoxication can be used to enhance the "cheating"
      reproductive strategy of antisocial personality disorder. This may explain the
      selective pressures leading to the association of familial alcoholism and
      antisocial personality disorder.

PMID- 3711876
TI  - The assessment of thought deficit in psychotic unipolar depression and chronic
      paranoid schizophrenia.
AB  - In order to evaluate thought disorder in a nonschizophrenic psychotic group,
      psychotic depressives were compared with chronic paranoid schizophrenics and
      normal control subjects on two assessments of thought pathology. The data
      indicate that: a) psychotic depressives show thought deficits in the same areas
      as chronic paranoid schizophrenics, and b) idiosyncratic thinking is the single
      most prominent thought disorder in both psychotic groups. Certain subtypes of
      thought disorder may be characteristic of psychosis in general rather than of any
      specific diagnostic category. A psychoticism profile would include idiosyncratic
      thinking, restricted abstracting ability, linguistic errors, content deficit,
      intermixing, and loss of goal.

PMID- 3711877
TI  - Thought deficit in psychotic depression and chronic paranoid schizophrenia:
      methodological and conceptual issues. Commentary on Marjorie L. Carter's "The
      assessment of thought deficit in psychotic depression and chronic paranoid
      schizophrenia".
AB  - Based on test comparisons involving psychotic depressives and chronic paranoid
      schizophrenics, Carter (J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 174: 336-341, 1986) inferred that
      cognitive disorder may reflect a general psychosis factor rather than a
      differential diagnostic marker. Review of the design and analysis raises
      methodological and conceptual issues that obviate such interpretation. Problems
      include absence of control for IQ and chronicity of illness, sample bias incurred
      by selectively matching groups for education, use of parametric statistics on
      ordinal data, measures that do not differentially assess cognitive deficit,
      plausible alternative explanations for nonsignificant outcome, and inadequate
      data base for generalizing about larger diagnostic groups or psychosis itself.
      Significant differences found by Carter and others suggest, instead, some
      fundamental distinctions in the nature if not extent of cognitive disorder in
      these two groups. It was proposed that a general psychosis factor may be a
      pervasive interfering variable that obscures diagnostic differences in cognition
      and thus needs to be rooted out by proper statistical or research design.

PMID- 3711878
TI  - Phenomenology of temporal lobe dysfunction: a link to atypical psychosis--a
      series of cases.
AB  - This report is a phenomenological study of 20 cases of temporal lobe disorders
      manifested as complex partial seizures. The major behavioral symptoms observed
      were episodic affective disturbances, episodic cognitive disturbances, and
      "spells," with normal functioning between episodes. The remarkable similarity of
      this phenomenology to what has been described as atypical or episodic psychosis
      provides a possible theoretical link to the etiology of atypical psychosis. These
      cases also establish atypical psychosis as an entity clearly different from the
      other major psychoses.

PMID- 3711879
TI  - Prevalence of cognitive impairment in systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - We administered a battery of neuropsychological tests to 62 female patients with
      systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 12 female patients with rheumatoid arthritis
      (RA), and 35 normal control subjects. By applying objective decision rules to
      individual test protocols, an overall prevalence of cognitive impairment of 66%
      was obtained in the SLE patient sample. Independent clinical, radiological, and
      laboratory data were used to determine neuropsychiatric (NP) symptomatology and
      to group SLE patients as 1) "active" (N = 21), 2) "inactive" (N = 15), and 3)
      "never" (N = 26) NP-SLE. More than 80% of the patients in groups 1 and 2 and 42%
      in group 3 showed significant cognitive impairment as compared with 17% of the RA
      patients and 14% of the normal control subjects. Neither steroid medication nor
      psychological distress could account for these findings. The unexpectedly high
      prevalence of cognitive impairment in SLE patients with either inactive or absent
      neuropsychiatric symptomatology provides evidence for subclinical nervous system
      involvement in SLE.

PMID- 3711880
TI  - The Hopi Indian's mourning hallucinations.
AB  - One of the 76 alcoholic patients with hallucinations studied in an inpatient
      alcoholism service was a 24-year-old half-Hopi Pueblo Indian male, who developed
      a prolonged course of hallucinations after the death of his father. The author
      suggests that hallucinating experiences might be pathognomy-specific to the Hopi
      Indians' mourning process, to allow the release of their intensive feelings.

PMID- 3711881
TI  - Munchausen syndrome in a mother and daughter: an unusual presentation of folie a
      deux.
AB  - The author describes a mother and daughter, both admitted to a major medical
      center on the same day to the same room, and both with a clinical presentation
      consistent with Munchausen syndrome. To the author's knowledge, this is the first
      report of Munchausen syndrome presenting as a folie a deux.

PMID- 3711882
TI  - Effects of 2-chloroadenosine on hippocampal GABA content and turnover.
AB  - The effects of 2-Chloroadenosine (CADO), a stable analog of adenosine, on GABA
      turnover rate and GABA content in the rat hippocampus in vivo have been studied.
      The intracerebroventricular injection of CADO reduced the GABA turnover rate in
      the hippocampus, as estimated from the rate of GABA accumulation after inhibition
      of GABA transaminase (GABA-T) by aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA). The effect of CADO
      on AOAA-induced accumulation of GABA in the hippocampus was blocked by the
      intraperitoneal injection of the adenosine receptor antagonist caffeine.
      Furthermore, CADO at the dose of 5 micrograms per ventricle produced a
      significant decrease in GABA content in the hippocampus. Our results support the
      hypothesis that adenosine exerts inhibitory effects on GABAergic circuits in the
      hippocampus.

PMID- 3711883
TI  - Brain histamine metabolism in transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (scrapie).
AB  - The histamine (Hi) content and the activity of L-histidine decarboxylase (HD) in
      brains of scrapie infected hamsters were measured. No significant changes in Hi
      levels in particular brain areas were found when compared to controls. Decreased
      activity of HD was found in hypothalamus (p less than 0.02). Increased activity
      of the enzyme was observed in "rest of brain", which consisted mainly of thalamus
      and striatum (p less than 0.05).

PMID- 3711884
TI  - The composition of lunch determines afternoon plasma tryptophan ratios in humans.
AB  - It is well established that the ratio of the plasma tryptophan concentration to
      those of the other large neutral amino acids determines the transport of
      tryptophan into the brain. Brain tryptophan levels, in turn, control production
      of the neurotransmitter serotonin. Protein-rich meals, when consumed in the
      morning after an overnight fast, have been shown to decrease the plasma
      tryptophan ratio, while carbohydrate-rich meals have the opposite effect. We now
      show that these meals have similar effects when consumed for lunch, even if they
      are preceded by a small breakfast meal.

PMID- 3711885
TI  - Detection and quantitation of a ring-hydroxylated metabolite of the
      antidepressant drug tranylcypromine.
AB  - The formation of p-hydroxytranylcypromine from intraperitoneally injected
      tranylcypromine was confirmed using two types of experiments. In the first,
      tranylcypromine levels were shown to be increased in brains of rats pretreated
      with agents known to be inhibitors of ring hydroxylation compared to rats
      pretreated with physiological saline. For the second set of experiments, p
      hydroxytranylcypromine was identified in brain and urine (following
      intraperitoneal injection) by derivatizing with perfluoroacylating reagents and
      analyzing by electron-capture gas chromatography and by combined gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry. In experiments in vitro, p
      hydroxytranylcypromine was demonstrated to inhibit monoamine oxidase, although it
      was weaker than TCP in this regard and was a much stronger inhibitor of MAO-A
      than of MAO-B.

PMID- 3711886
TI  - Prenatal developmental disturbances in the limbic allocortex in schizophrenics.
AB  - Sixty-four autopsied brains of schizophrenic patients were neuropathologically
      examined and compared with 10 brains of non-schizophrenic controls. Clinical
      diagnoses were established retrospectively according to the Research Diagnostic
      Criteria and the International Classification of Diseases. We found: brains
      without deviations of the sulcogyral pattern of the temporal lobe or abnormal
      gross configuration (n = 22); brains with abnormal sulcogyral pattern of the
      temporal lobe or abnormal gross configuration (n = 42): with definite
      cytoarchitectonic abnormalities of the rostral entorhinal region in the
      parahippocampal gyrus and, in 16 cases only, in the ventral insular cortex (n =
      20); with equivocal changes of the cytoarchitecture in these two regions (n =
      22). Generally, these anatomical abnormalities were asymmetric. The histological
      findings in the two limbic regions consisted mainly of poorly developed structure
      in the upper layers, with a heterotopic displacement of single groups of nerve
      cells in the entorhinal region. Particularly, the disturbed structure of the
      second layer Pre-alpha in medial and central fields of the entorhinal region,
      situated in the parahippocampal gyrus (group 2a), suggests a disturbance of
      neuronal migration in a later phase of cortical development.

PMID- 3711887
TI  - Proceedings of a conference on steroid hormones as trophic agents in neural
      development. UCLA, October 9 & 10, 1984.

PMID- 3711888
TI  - Iron binding by phosvitin: variation of rate of iron release as a function of the
      degree of saturation of iron binding sites.
AB  - The rate of iron release from Fe(III)-phosvitin complexes, at varied degrees of
      saturation, was studied. Iron release was induced by reduction in the presence of
      the ferrous ion chelator, o-phenanthroline. If iron release was induced
      photochemically (without a chemical reductant), the reactions proceeded in zero
      order fashion, independently of the degree of saturation but with a strong
      dependence on the concentration of phenanthroline. When hydroquinone was added
      and the reactions were conducted in the dark, iron release followed first-order
      kinetics and the rate constants showed a clear dependence on the degree of
      saturation of the protein, which was most marked at lower levels of saturation.
      The results imply control of iron release by binding site differences produced by
      different intramolecular environments as the protein provides different
      combinations of its phosphoserine groups as ligands depending on the number of
      iron atoms to be accommodated per protein molecule.

PMID- 3711889
TI  - Calorimetric studies of oxyhemoglobin ligand dissociation. III. Evidence for a
      hemoglobin-catalase-superoxide dismutase integrated system in the oxygen
      depletion by dithionite.
AB  - Calorimetric studies of the effect of superoxide dismutase and/or catalase on the
      reduction of dioxygen into water by dithionite in oxyhemoglobin have been carried
      out and the results compared with those in red cell hemolysates. In the absence
      of the enzymes the stoichiometry (moles dithionite/mole dioxygen) is less than
      the value of 2:1 which was found previously in red cell hemolysates [Forlani et
      al., J. Inorg. Biochem. 20, 147-155 (1984)]. In the presence of either superoxide
      dismutase or catalase alone the stoichiometry increases but is still less than
      2:1. In the presence of both enzymes the stoichiometry and the shape of the
      thermogram is that previously observed for hemolysates, suggesting the presence
      of a hemoglobin-catalase-superoxide dismutase integrated system. The absence of a
      calorimetric signal for hydrogen peroxide in the reduction of oxyhemoglobin in
      the presence of superoxide dismutase suggests a wider biological role of
      superoxide dismutase than previously thought.

PMID- 3711890
TI  - Phytic acid-metal ion interactions. II. The effect of pH on Ca(II) binding.
AB  - The interaction of phytic acid with Ca(II) has been studied by potentiometric
      titration and by measurement of free Ca(II) concentrations using an ion Selective
      electrode. With increasing Ca(II) concentration, the titration curve of phytic
      acid is displaced to regions of lower pH. In the binding of calcium ions to
      phytic acid, there is no evidence that significant binding occurs below
      approximately pH 5. Above this pH, the extent of binding is dependent upon both
      pH and the calcium to phytic acid ratios. Maximum binding obtains at a
      Ca(II):phytate ratio of 6 with 4.8 mol of Ca(II) bound per mol of phytate above
      pH ca. 8. Binding constants are apparently very large since binding isotherms at
      any Ca(II):phytate ratio are a linear function of the total calcium ion
      concentration. In all cases, binding occurs only when one or more phosphate
      groups have been converted to the oxo dianion form. The apparent pK' values
      (curve-fit parameters) that describe the potentiometric titration data are in
      good agreement with the constants evaluated from the binding of Ca(II) to phytate
      as a function of pH. Using CPK space-filling models, structures containing six
      metal ions in coordinate linkage to pairs of oxo dianions have been constructed
      and discussed within the framework of the axial conformation of phytic acid and
      the order of proton removal with an increase in pH based upon NMR studies.

PMID- 3711891
TI  - Estimation of the ferrous-transferrin binding constants based on thermodynamic
      studies of nickel(II)-transferrin.
AB  - The equilibrium constants for the binding of Ni2+ to human serum transferrin in
      0.01 M hepes containing 5 mM sodium bicarbonate at 25 degrees C and pH 7.4 have
      been measured. The effective binding constants are log K1 = 4.10 +/- 0.15 and log
      K2 = 3.23 +/- 0.31 for the reactions Ni2+ + apoTr (K1) in equilibrium Ni2+-Tr.
      Ni2+ + Ni2+-Tr (K2) in equilibrium Ni2+-Tr-Ni2+ where the explicit terms for
      bicarbonate and hydrogen ion have been incorporated into the effective binding
      constants. Titration of both forms of mono(ferric)transferrin indicates that
      unlike other metal ions, Ni2+ binds preferentially to the N-terminal binding
      site, but that the site preference is rather small. A linear-free-energy
      relationship (LFER) for the complexation of Ni2+ and Fe2+ has been prepared. This
      LFER has been used to estimate effective binding constants of log K1 = 3.2 and
      log K2 = 2.5 for the ferrous-transferrin complex. These ferrous constants have
      been combined with the literature binding constants for ferric-transferrin to
      estimate formal reduction potentials of -340 mV vs. NHE for the C-terminal site
      and -280 mV for the N-terminal site.

PMID- 3711892
TI  - Generation of H2O2 in brain mitochondria.
AB  - Generation of H2O2 by rat brain mitochondria using succinate and glycerol-1
      phosphate as substrates has been demonstrated. Earlier workers were unable to
      detect this activity in sucrose-Tris buffer. We found that this was due to a lag
      in the expression of activity in sucrose medium. Using phosphate buffer (50 mM),
      good rates are now obtained. Generation of H2O2 by rat brain mitochondria
      required the presence of antimycin A and was dependent on the substrates
      succinate and glycerol-1-phosphate. Low rates were obtained with NAD+-linked
      substrates and none with choline, glutamate, and NADH. The Km and Vmax values for
      H2O2 generation were considerably lower than the corresponding values for the
      respective dehydrogenase activity, measured by dye reduction. Oxygen-radical
      scavengers inhibited H2O2 generation, suggesting oxygen radical involvement.
      Depletion of ubiquinone from mitochondria resulted in loss of H2O2 generation.
      Reconstitution of such depleted particles with ubiquinone restored the capacity
      to generate H2O2 in a concentration-dependent manner. Levels of H2O2 production
      were found to be maximal in cerebellum. Brain mitochondria from rabbit, hamster,
      mouse, and guinea pig also have the capacity to generate H2O2 on oxidation of
      glycerol-1-phosphate.

PMID- 3711893
TI  - An in vivo study of dopamine release and metabolism in rat brain regions using
      intracerebral dialysis.
AB  - Intracerebral dialysis was used with a specifically designed HPLC with
      electrochemical detection assay to monitor extracellular levels of endogenous 3,4
      dihydroxyphenylethylamine (dopamine, DA) and its major metabolites,
      dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA), in brain regions
      of the halothane-anesthetized rat. Significant amounts of DA, DOPAC, and HVA were
      detected in control perfusates collected from striatum and n. accumbens whereas
      the medial prefrontal cortex showed lower monoamine levels. The ratio of DA in
      perfusate to DA in whole tissue suggests that in f. cortex, compared to n.
      accumbens and striatum, there is a greater amount of DA in the extracellular
      space relative to the intraneuronal DA content. The DOPAC/HVA ratio in control
      perfusates varied between regions in accordance with whole tissue measurements.
      This ratio was highest in n. accumbens and lowest in f. cortex. The monoamine
      oxidase inhibitor pargyline (100 mg/kg i.p.) caused an exponential decline in
      DOPAC, but not of HVA, in regional perfusates, an effect that was associated with
      an increase in DA. The data indicated a higher turnover of extracellular DOPAC in
      n. accumbens than in striatum and the lowest DOPAC turnover in f. cortex. The
      rate of decline in extracellular DA metabolite levels was slow compared to whole
      tissue measurements. In the perfusates there was no statistical correlation
      between basal amounts of DA in the perfusates and DOPAC and HVA levels or DOPAC
      turnover for any of the areas, indicating that measurement of DA metabolism in
      the brain under basal conditions does not provide a good index of DA release. In
      summary, this study shows clear regional differences in basal DA release and
      metabolite levels, metabolite patterns, and DOPAC turnover rates in rat brain in
      vivo.

PMID- 3711894
TI  - Identification and initial characterization of adipokinetic hormone-like
      immunoreactive peptides of rat origin.
AB  - An antiserum was raised to adipokinetic hormone (AKH), a 10-amino-acid-residue
      peptide found in the arthropod Locusta migratoria. The antiserum demonstrated not
      only immunocytochemical reaction with some other arthropod species, but also
      stained many areas of the rat CNS, certain islet cells of the pancreas, and some
      anterior pituitary cells. The pattern of staining was unlike that for any known
      rat neuropeptide or hormone. With the antiserum used as the detection system,
      HPLC and high-voltage electrophoresis yielded two peptides that were purified to
      homogeneity from rat hypothalamic median eminence. These peptides have unique
      amino acid compositions, indicating they may be heretofore unknown rat
      neuropeptides.

PMID- 3711895
TI  - Regulation of taurine transport in rat skeletal muscle.
AB  - Taurine concentration of soleus muscle (SL, slow-twitch) was initially about
      twofold higher than that of extensor digitorum longus muscle (EDL, fast-twitch).
      Taurine concentration in gastrocnemius muscle (GC) was intermediate between that
      of EDL and SL. Four days after sciatic nerve section, taurine concentration in
      the EDL but not in the SL was increased by 2.5-fold. The increase was not due to
      the muscle atrophy and was observed 28 days after denervation. Tenotomy did not
      increase the total taurine content of the EDL. The increase in taurine
      concentration of the denervated EDL was prevented by simultaneous ingestion of
      guanidinoethane sulfonate, a competitive inhibitor of taurine transport. The
      initial and the maximal rates of [3H]taurine uptake were significantly higher in
      SL than in EDL. Denervation dramatically accelerated the initial and the maximal
      rates of the transport in EDL, whereas it significantly reduced those in SL. In
      contrast, the electrical stimulation of sciatic nerve accelerated the uptake of
      taurine by EDL and SL of the control but not of the curare-treated rats. These
      results suggest that transport of taurine into rat skeletal muscles is regulated
      differently by neural information and by muscular activity, and that the
      regulation is dependent on the muscle phenotype.

PMID- 3711896
TI  - Posttranslational modification of calmodulin in rat brain and pituitary.
AB  - The posttranslational modification of calmodulin has been studied in six brain
      regions and the anterior pituitary. Carboxylmethylation, calmodulin converting
      enzyme, and calmodulin (lysine) N-methyltransferase activities were determined.
      Incubation of calmodulin with cytosolic extracts of these tissues in the presence
      of the methyl donor [methyl-3H]-S-adenosyl-L-methionine and identification of
      labeled proteins by gel electrophoresis and fluorography indicated that
      calmodulin is a substrate for protein carboxylmethyltransferase in all tissues
      tested. In hippocampus, caudate nucleus, cerebral cortex, and anterior pituitary,
      but not in cerebellum, superior colliculus, brainstem, or diencephalon, a second
      methylated protein was found when calmodulin was added to incubation mixtures.
      This protein was shown to be identical to the previously described product of
      calmodulin converting enzyme. Converted calmodulin was isolated by fast protein
      liquid chromatography and shown to be des(Lys)calmodulin, lacking the carboxy
      terminal lysine residue of calmodulin. The anterior pituitary had by far the
      highest levels of calmodulin converting enzyme; this enzyme, in turn, was
      identified as a cobalt-stimulated carboxylpeptidase B. In contrast to the
      regional differences in these parameters, the levels of calmodulin (lysine) N
      methyltransferase did not differ greatly among brain regions, although regional
      differences in the activity of this enzyme were statistically significant.

PMID- 3711897
TI  - Brain adrenoceptor binding sites in mice susceptible (DBA/2J) and resistant (C57
      Bl/6) to audiogenic seizures.
AB  - We have examined if the age-related susceptibility of DBA/2J mice to audiogenic
      seizures is the result of an abnormality in the number or sensitivity of brain
      adrenoceptors. The binding of alpha 1-, alpha 2-, and beta-adrenoceptor ligands
      to membranes prepared from whole brain or regions of brain of DBA/2J mice was
      measured at various ages, corresponding to the periods before, during, and after
      the maximal sensitivity to audiogenic seizures. For comparison, we have studied
      concurrently age-matched C57 Bl/6 mice, a strain resistant to audiogenic seizures
      at all ages. There was no difference in the binding of alpha 2- or beta
      adrenoceptor ligands to whole brain membranes between the two strains of mice at
      any age. The maximal number of alpha 1-adrenoceptor binding sites was lower in
      whole brains of DBA/2J mice than of C57 Bl/6 mice at all ages studied except 13
      15 days of age. The differences were small (maximally 17%) but were statistically
      significant at 21-23 days of age, the time of maximal sensitivity of DBA/2J mice
      to audiogenic seizures. No difference between the two strains was found in the
      number or affinity of alpha 1- or alpha 2-adrenoceptor binding sites at any age
      in any of the brain regions studied. The age-related susceptibility of DBA/2J
      mice to audiogenic seizures is not the result of an abnormality in number or
      sensitivity of alpha 2- or beta-adrenoceptor binding sites, but a reduced number
      of alpha 1-adrenoceptor binding sites may be involved.

PMID- 3711898
TI  - Characterization and cellular localization of a developmentally regulated rat
      neural sialidase.
AB  - A developmentally regulated neural sialidase has been identified in particulate,
      subcellular fractions of rat brain. Enzyme activity, measured using a
      [3H]sialoganglioside substrate, was linear with time and had a pH optimum of 4.0
      4.5. Protein linearity was only observed at low protein concentrations. This
      appeared to be caused by enzyme access to a lipophilic substrate, as activity was
      significantly stimulated by membrane-fluidizing agents. Enzyme activity was
      developmentally expressed in P2 pellets coincident with in vivo synaptogenesis.
      It was located on the synaptosome and was particularly high in myelin-containing
      fractions. Its cellular distribution was confined to neuronal cells and centrally
      derived oligodendrocytes.

PMID- 3711899
TI  - Cyclic nucleotide response of the hippocampal formation to septal stimulation in
      naive and kindled rats.
AB  - Rats were kindled through nonmagnetic electrodes stereotaxically implanted into
      the medial septum. Concentrations of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP were measured by
      radioimmunoassay in seven brain regions after microwave fixation during the
      development and expression of kindled seizures. Hippocampal concentrations were
      similar to untreated controls (cyclic GMP level in the left and right
      hippocampus, 0.66 +/- 0.04 and 0.68 +/- 0.07 pmol/mg of protein, respectively;
      cyclic AMP, 9.4 +/- 0.9 and 9.6 +/- 0.8 pmol/mg of protein, respectively), in
      kindled animals that were not stimulated, and in naive animals in response to
      septal stimulation, in spite of the presence in the latter group of bilateral
      hippocampal afterdischarges. Animals that failed to develop kindling and kindled
      animals that failed to have a seizure in response to stimulation also showed no
      change in cyclic nucleotide concentrations in any brain region. Kindled animals
      that developed a seizure following stimulation showed significant elevations in
      levels of both cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP in hippocampus and in several other
      brain regions. A single naive animal that had a seizure in response to its first
      stimulation also appeared to have elevated concentrations of both cyclic
      nucleotides in hippocampus. These data suggest that the elevation in levels of
      both cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP during kindled seizures is associated with seizure
      development rather than with the generation of afterdischarges or with the
      kindling engram.

PMID- 3711900
TI  - Reevaluation of the role of gangliosides as receptors for tetanus toxin.
AB  - Binding of tetanus toxin to rat brain membranes was of lower affinity and
      capacity when binding was determined in 150 mM NaCl, 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4) than
      in 25 mM Tris-acetate (pH 6.0). Binding under both conditions was reduced by
      treating the membranes with neuraminidase. Pronase treatment, however, reduced
      toxin binding only in the Tris-saline buffer (pH 7.4). In addition, the
      concentration of gangliosides required to inhibit toxin binding was 100-fold
      higher in Tris-saline compared to Tris-acetate buffer. The toxin receptors in the
      membranes were analyzed by ligand blotting techniques. Membrane components were
      dissolved in sodium dodecyl sulfate, separated by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis, and transferred to nitrocellulose sheets, which were overlaid
      with 125I-labeled toxin. Tetanus toxin bound only to material that migrated in
      the region of the dye front and was extracted with lipid solvents. Gangliosides
      isolated from the lipid extracts or other sources were separated by TLC on silica
      gel and the chromatograms were overlaid with labeled tetanus toxin. The toxin
      bound to areas where the major rat brain gangliosides migrated. When equimolar
      amounts of different purified gangliosides were applied to the chromatogram,
      binding of the toxin was in the order GD1b approximately equal to GT1b
      approximately equal to GQ1b greater than GD2 greater than GD3 much greater than
      GD1a approximately equal to GM1. Thus, the toxin appears to have the highest
      affinity for gangliosides with a disialyl group linked to the inner galactosyl
      residue. When binding of tetanus toxin to transfers and chromatograms was
      determined in the Tris-saline buffer (pH 7.4), the toxin bound to the same
      components but the extent of binding was markedly reduced compared with the low
      salt and -pH conditions. Our results indicate that the interaction of tetanus
      toxin with rat brain membranes and gangliosides is greatly reduced under more
      physiological conditions of salt and pH and raise the possibility that other
      membrane components such as sialoglycoproteins may be receptors for the toxin
      under these conditions.

PMID- 3711901
TI  - Characterization and biosynthesis of the plasma membrane proteolipid protein in
      neural tissue.
AB  - In this study we have characterized, in brain, the expression of a plasma
      membrane proteolipid protein (PM-PLP) complex that can form cation-selective
      channels in lipid bilayers. We isolated PLP fractions from synaptic plasma
      membrane and glial microsomes and found a high degree of similarity in both size
      and amino acid composition to the complex we had previously isolated from kidney.
      Antibodies specific to the kidney PM-PLP were prepared, and, on the basis of
      immunoblot and immunoprecipitation studies, the PM-PLP complex isolated from
      neural membranes was shown to be immunologically related to the kidney PM-PLP.
      These proteolipid proteins exhibited a molecular weight of approximately 14K and
      contained a high percentage of hydrophobic amino acids with an apparent absence
      of cysteine. The biogenesis of PM-PLP in brain was studied by in vitro
      translation of free and bound polysomes and total RNA in a rabbit reticulocyte
      lysate followed by immunoprecipitation of the translation products. From these
      studies it is concluded that the PM-PLP complex is synthesized on the rough
      endoplasmic reticulum. On the basis of the identical electrophoretic mobility of
      material isolated from plasma membranes and material immunoprecipitated after
      translation of bound polysomes and isolated RNA, it appears that the PM-PLP does
      not undergo detectable posttranslational processing between its site of synthesis
      and its incorporation into the plasma membrane.

PMID- 3711902
TI  - Molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase in the aged
      human central nervous system.
AB  - The distribution of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE)
      molecular forms and their solubility characteristics were examined, using density
      gradient centrifugation, in various regions of the postmortem human CNS. Total
      AChE activity varied extensively (50-fold) among the regions investigated, being
      highest in the telencephalic subcortical structures (caudate nucleus and nucleus
      of Meynert); intermediate in the substantia nigra, cerebellum, and spinal cord;
      and least in the fornix and cortical regions (hippocampus and temporal and
      parietal cortex). Total BChE activity was, in contrast, much more evenly
      distributed, with only a threefold variation between the regions studied.
      Although the patterns of molecular forms of each enzyme were broadly similar
      among the different areas, regional variations in the distribution and abundance
      of the various forms of AChE were much greater than those of BChE. Thus, although
      the tetrameric G4 form of AChE constituted the majority of the total AChE
      activity in all regions examined, the ratio of the G4 form to the monomeric G1
      form, the latter of which constituted the majority of the remaining activity,
      varied markedly, ranging from 21 in the caudate nucleus to 1.7 in the temporal
      cortex. In addition to the G4 and G1 forms of AChE, the dimeric G2 form was
      observed in the nucleus of Meynert and a fast-sedimenting (16S) species was found
      in samples of both the parietal cortex and spinal cord. In contrast, the G4 and
      G1 forms of BChE were the only molecular species observed in the different areas
      and the G4:G1 ratio varied from 3.3 in the substantia nigra to 0.9 in the
      temporal cortex. Regarding the solubility characteristics of the individual AChE
      and BChE molecular forms, the majority of the G4 form of AChE was extractable
      only in the presence of detergent, indicating a predominantly membrane-bound
      localization of this species. The smaller AChE forms (G1 and G2) and both the G1
      and G4 forms of BChE were all relatively evenly distributed between soluble and
      membrane-bound species. These findings are discussed in relation to neurochemical
      and neuroanatomical, particularly cholinergic, features of the regions examined.

PMID- 3711903
TI  - Reduced stability of rat brain transketolase after conversion to the apo form.
AB  - The stability of rat brain transketolase, whether measured at 37 or 0 degree C,
      was reduced after conversion to the apo form by removal of thiamine diphosphate,
      as shown by a decline in the activity recovered when assayed in the presence of
      thiamine diphosphate. Both the shape of the breakdown curve and the failure to
      recover the full activity, even after incubation with thiamine diphosphate,
      showed that the breakdown of the apotransketolase was complex. The initial rate
      of breakdown of the apoenzyme was sharply pH dependent, being minimal at 37
      degrees C at a pH value of 7.6, close to that likely to exist in vivo. The rate
      rose sharply with deviation of the pH in either direction. The stability of the
      enzyme on storage at 0 degree C showed a similar pattern of pH dependence,
      provided that allowance is made for temperature effects on dissociation
      constants. These findings provide further support for the hypothesis that
      differences in brain transketolase may play a part in the etiology of Wernicke
      Korsakoff's syndrome.

PMID- 3711904
TI  - Detection and characterization of some new basic proteins in chicken postsynaptic
      densities.
AB  - Chicken brain postsynaptic density (PSD) polypeptides, obtained by treating
      synaptosomes with 0.5% Triton X-100 and then further purified on a sucrose
      gradient, are demonstrated to contain four basic proteins of 76K (pI greater than
      9.2), 58K (pI 8.1-8.8, heterogeneous), 40K (pI 9.0), and 24K (pI 8.9).
      Nonequilibrium pH gradient-sodium dodecyl sulfate two-dimensional gels further
      reveal six more basic proteins with pI values higher than 9.2: 76K, 52K, 47K,
      45K, 36K, and 34K. These basic proteins are a major part of the total chicken PSD
      polypeptides appearing on the gels. Some of these basic proteins (58K, 52K, 47K,
      36K, 24K, and two at 76K) are distinguishable from those of brain mitochondria,
      the major contaminant. The 40K and 34K proteins may be common mitochondrial
      polypeptides. The 45K protein is probably a mitochondrial contaminant. A number
      of proteins including 76K (synapsin I-like protein) and 58K, along with some
      other minor ones, can be phosphorylated by endogenous protein kinase(s) in the
      presence of Ca2+, Mg2+, and [gamma-32P]ATP. No PSD basic proteins bind Ca2+.

PMID- 3711905
TI  - Pharmacological characterization of cholinergic receptors in a human
      neuroblastoma cell line.
AB  - A human neuroblastoma cell line, IMR32, has been characterized as far as
      morphology, membrane receptors for neurotransmitters, and uptake and release of
      [3H]3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine ([3H]dopamine). These cells expressed at their
      surface both nicotinic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors, revealed by
      [125I]alpha-bungarotoxin and [3H]quinuclidinylbenzilate ([3H]QNB) binding,
      respectively. [125I]alpha-Bungarotoxin binding was efficiently inhibited by alpha
      bungarotoxin, nicotine, carbachol, and d-tubocurarine. [3H]QNB binding was
      competitively inhibited by atropine, pirenzepine, and carbachol. Hexamethonium
      did not affect the binding of either ligand. In competition experiments with
      [3H]QNB, pirenzepine recognized only one binding site with "low affinity," and
      carbachol recognized two sites with different affinities. beta-adrenergic
      receptors were present in a very low amount, whereas alpha-adrenergic and
      dopaminergic receptors were not detectable. IMR32 cells had an imipramine
      sensitive [3H]dopamine uptake, but carbachol, high levels of K+, the calcium
      ionophore A23187, and alpha-latrotoxin were not able to induce release of
      [3H]dopamine that had been taken up. The ultrastructural analysis showed that
      IMR32 cells contained very few dense-core vesicles, suggesting a low storage
      capacity for neurotransmitter. These cells could be an useful in vitro model for
      studying neurotransmitter receptors of the human CNS.

PMID- 3711906
TI  - A protein modulator stimulates C kinase-dependent phosphorylation of a 90K
      substrate in synaptic membranes.
AB  - We have identified and partially purified an acidic, heat-stable, noncalmodulin
      protein from bovine brain cytosol that stimulates Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation
      of an Mr 90K substrate in crude rat brain synaptic membranes. We show that this
      modulator of phosphorylation (MOP) enhances Ca2+- and phospholipid-dependent
      protein kinase (C kinase) phosphorylation of this 90K substrate. The 90K
      substrate is a higher Mr form of an 87K substrate that is a major C kinase
      substrate in rat brain. The Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation of both substrates is
      inhibited by the Ca2+-binding proteins S-100 and calmodulin. Both substrates
      yield phosphopeptide fragments of Mr 9K and 13K after limited proteolysis with V8
      protease. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis reveals that they
      have similar acidic isoelectric points (pI 5.0). MOP enhances Ca2+-dependent
      phosphorylation of the 90K substrate whereas the phosphorylation of 87K is
      diminished. This reciprocal relationship suggests that the mobility of the 87K
      substrate in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels is decreased to 90K with
      increasing phosphorylation. MOP may be a novel protein modulator of C kinase
      mediated phosphorylation in the nervous system.

PMID- 3711907
TI  - Anterograde components of axonal transport in motor and sensory nerves in
      experimental 2,5-hexanedione neuropathy.
AB  - Anterograde slow and fast axonal transport was examined in rats intoxicated with
      2,5-hexanedione (1 g/kg/week) for 8 weeks. Distribution of radioactivity was
      measured in 3-mm segments of the sciatic nerve after labelling of proteins with
      [35S]methionine or [3H]leucine and glycoproteins with [3H]fucose. The axonal
      transport of the anterograde slow components was examined after 25 (SCa) and 10
      days (SCb), in motor and sensory nerves. SCa showed an increased transport
      velocity in motor (1.25 +/- 0.08 mm/day versus 1.01 +/- 0.05 mm/day) and in
      sensory nerves (1.21 +/- 0.13 mm/day versus 1.06 +/- 0.07 mm/day). The relative
      amount of labelled protein in the SCa wave in both fiber systems was also
      increased. SCb showed unchanged transport velocity in motor as well as in sensory
      nerves, whereas the amount of label was decreased in the motor system.
      Anterograde fast transport in motor nerves was examined after intervals of 3 and
      5 h, whereas intervals of 2 and 4 h were used for sensory nerves. Velocities and
      amounts of labelled proteins of the anterograde fast component remained normal.
      We suggest that the increase in protein transport in SCa reflects axonal
      regeneration.

PMID- 3711908
TI  - Regional amino acid concentration in the brains of rats exposed to high
      pressures.
AB  - Regional amino acid concentrations were measured in rat brain fixed by microwave
      irradiation at three levels of elevated atmospheric pressure corresponding to
      different phases of the high-pressure neurological syndrome [20 atmospheres
      absolute (ATA), no clinical signs; 60 ATA, tremor; 85 ATA, severe tremor and
      myoclonic jerks]. No changes in amino acid content occurred at 20 or 60 ATA. At
      85 ATA glutamine content increased in hippocampus, striatum, cerebellum, and
      substantia nigra, and gamma-aminobutyric acid content increased in hippocampus.
      It is suggested that enhanced glutamate release in various subcortical structures
      contributes to the myoclonic activity observed at 85 ATA.

PMID- 3711909
TI  - Chromogranin C: a third component of the acidic proteins in chromaffin granules.
AB  - We characterized a group of acidic proteins of bovine chromaffin granules with an
      antiserum raised against a protein described by Rosa and Zanini [Eur. J. Cell
      Biol. 31, 94-98 (1983)] in pituitary gland. In adrenal medulla the proteins
      reacting with this antiserum are confined to chromaffin granules. Their largest
      component has a Mr of 86,000 and a pI of 5.0. In addition six proteins of lower
      molecular weight are recognized by this antiserum. In a cell-free system only one
      protein is synthesized that can be precipitated with this antiserum. The
      properties of these proteins are very similar to those of the previously
      described chromogranins A and B; however, there is no immunological cross
      reaction between these protein groups. We suggest this third group of acidic
      proteins of chromaffin granules be named chromogranins C.

PMID- 3711910
TI  - Artifactual high-affinity and saturable binding of [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine
      induced by radioligand oxidation.
AB  - The binding of [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) to cerebellar membranes
      was examined after preincubation of [3H]5-HT in the presence or absence of
      ascorbate. The tissue preparation was identical in all experiments and consisted
      of rat cerebellar homogenates in Tris-HCl buffer with 0.1% ascorbate. Cerebellar
      membranes were used because of their low density of 5-HT1 binding sites. In the
      presence of ascorbate during a 4-h preincubation period, minimal specific binding
      of 2 nM [3H]5-HT is detected. Similar results are obtained with equimolar
      concentrations of other antioxidants (butylated hydroxytoluene, sodium
      dithionite, and sodium metabisulfite). Apparent specific binding increases 14
      fold following a 4-h preincubation of [3H]5-HT in the absence of ascorbate. The
      increase in apparent specific [3H]5-HT binding is time-dependent and plateaus
      after 4-6 h of preincubation. When ascorbate is present during the 4-h
      preincubation, Scatchard analysis of [3H]5-HT binding reveals a KD value of 3.0
      +/- 0.3 nM and a Bmax value of 1.9 +/- 0.2 pmol/g tissue. When ascorbate is
      absent during the preincubation, the KD is essentially unchanged at 3.6 +/- 0.1
      nM but the Bmax is significantly increased to 36.5 +/- 7 pmol/g tissue. Drug
      competition studies reveal that the apparent specific "[3H]5-HT binding" in the
      absence of ascorbate appears to be displaced by nanomolar concentrations of
      hydroxylated tryptamines (5-HT, bufotenine) but not by nonhydroxylated
      tryptamines (5-methoxytryptamine, tryptamine). HPLC analysis demonstrates that
      [3H]5-HT is essentially destroyed by a 4-h incubation at 22 degrees C in the
      absence of ascorbate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3711911
TI  - Parvalbumin in cat brain: isolation, characterization, and localization.
AB  - Because of the increasing evidence that Ca2+-binding proteins have important
      regulating functions in nerve cells and because of the indications that there are
      species differences in the structures of these proteins, parvalbumin was purified
      from cat brain and muscle. Brain and muscle parvalbumins were found to be
      indistinguishable from each other in their biochemical and immunological
      properties. However, cat parvalbumin differs from all other mammalian
      parvalbumins by its apparently lower Mr on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis of 10-11K (compared to rat parvalbumin, 12K), and a lower pI
      of 4.6 (rat parvalbumin, 4.9), in the tryptic peptide maps, and in the
      immunological properties, indicating a distinct primary structure. With the
      purified parvalbumin as antigen, polyclonal antibodies were raised in rabbits and
      these were subsequently used for immunohistochemical localizations of parvalbumin
      in the cat brain. In the visual cortices of adult cats immunoreactive neurons
      were present throughout layers II and IV. In cerebellar cortex, Purkinje, basket,
      and stellate cells were immunoreactive. Comparison with staining patterns
      obtained with antiserum against rat parvalbumin revealed some cross-reactivity
      but confirmed the existence of species differences in the antigenic structure of
      rat and cat parvalbumin.

PMID- 3711912
TI  - Human retinas synthesize and release acetylcholine.
AB  - Human retinas have the capacity to synthesize and release [3H]acetylcholine
      ([3H]ACh) after an incubation in [3H]choline ([3H]Ch). Synthesis of [3H]Ch by
      retinal homogenates was determined using either high-voltage paper
      electrophoresis (HVPE) or a two-step enzymatic/extraction assay for separating
      [3H]ACh from [3H]Ch. The enzymatic/extraction assay is shown to be accurate over
      a wide range of concentrations (10(-6)-10(-12) M). Homogenates of human retina
      synthesize [3H]ACh from [3H]Ch. We find an approximate Km of 50 microM and a Vmax
      of about 20 nmol/mg protein/h (at 37 degrees C) for the synthesis of labeled ACh
      by retinal homogenates. Human retinas also release [3H]ACh after a pulse of
      [3H]Ch. Release of labeled transmitter is stimulated by potassium depolarization.
      The potassium-stimulated release is partially blocked by magnesium or cobalt
      ions. Release data were analyzed by both the enzymatic/extraction assay and HVPE;
      the results are qualitatively identical in both cases. The data reported here
      provide additional evidence for cholinergic neurotransmission in the human
      retina.

PMID- 3711913
TI  - Familial dystonia and visual failure with striatal CT lucencies.
AB  - A unique disorder is described in seven members of two families in whom dystonia
      was variably associated with subacute visual loss or asymptomatic optic atrophy,
      and striking bilateral symmetrical lucencies on CT scan, especially involving the
      putamen. It is possible that this is a variant of Leigh's disease. However, there
      were considerable differences between these patients and those with
      pathologically proven Leigh's disease. This condition must be excluded in all
      patients thought to have idiopathic dystonia, subacute visual failure similar to
      Leber's optic neuropathy, or a combination of these disorders.

PMID- 3711914
TI  - Incidence and pattern of cerebrovascular diseases in Benghazi, Libya.
AB  - During a 12 month study period, a total of 329 incident cases of stroke occurred
      in Benghazi, Libya. This provided an unadjusted annual incidence rate for stroke
      of 63 per 100,000 population; the corresponding rates for the male and female
      were 69 and 58 per 100,000 respectively. The sex dependent difference in the
      incidence was not statistically significant. Cerebral infarction was the
      commonest type of stroke accounting for 80.9%. The incidence rates increased with
      age in all categories of stroke. Hypertension and ischaemic heart disease were
      common risk factors among the male patients, while diabetes and
      hypercholesterolaemia were more frequent in the female patients.

PMID- 3711915
TI  - Non-tumoural aqueduct stenosis and normal pressure hydrocephalus in the elderly.
AB  - From 1981 to 1985 a prospective study on normal pressure hydrocephalus was
      performed. One of the aims of this study was to determine the site of CSF
      obstruction. Among 17 consecutive patients with a tentative diagnosis of normal
      pressure hydrocephalus, nine appeared to have non-communicating hydrocephalus
      most probably due to primary non-tumoural aqueduct stenosis. This unexpected
      finding provides evidence that non-tumoural aqueduct stenosis is a frequent cause
      of normal pressure hydrocephalus in older patients. Some clinical, aetiological
      and therapeutic aspects in this particular subgroup are discussed.

PMID- 3711916
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid hydrodynamic studies in children.
AB  - CSF-hydrodynamic investigation using the constant pressure infusion method was
      used in children. The CSF resting pressure was recorded and the CSF formation
      rate was measured. The conductance of the CSF outflow pathways and the pressure
      in the sagittal sinus were calculated. The method was used in children with
      suspicion of disturbed CSF hydrodynamics due to various neurological and other
      conditions. The method is applicable in paediatric neurological diagnostics and
      provides information for further understanding of the mechanisms behind cranial
      hypertension. The following mean values are offered as reference values in
      clinical work and in further research in this field: CSF-resting pressure 1.3
      kPa, sagittal sinus pressure 1.1 kPa, pressure difference across arachnoid villi
      0.5 kPa, conductance of CSF outflow pathways 22.6 mm3 kPa-1s-1, CSF formation
      rate 6.8 m3s-1.

PMID- 3711917
TI  - Cognitive sequelae of severe head injury in relation to the Glasgow Outcome
      Scale.
AB  - Aspects of reliability and validity of the Glasgow Outcome Scale were studied by
      examining outcome scale categories and cognitive test scores in 57 patients with
      severe closed head injury seen within 2 years of injury. Inter-rater reliability
      of a three and six point scale was high. The three point scale, unlike the six
      point, showed a significant statistical association with cognitive test scores.
      The relationship between test score and outcome category was accurate within the
      first 3 months of injury, but considerably less so thereafter.

PMID- 3711919
TI  - An assessment of the possible protective effect of allopurinol in acute stroke.
AB  - Allopurinol has been shown to have a protective effect on ischaemic tissue by the
      indirect prevention of excessive purine loss. This property was tested in the
      gerbil model of acute stroke. A total of 69 animals were pretreated with an
      intraperitoneal injection of either allopurinol (50 mg/kg) or sterile water and
      then subjected to unilateral ligation of the left common carotid artery under
      general anaesthesia. The clinical effect of the ligation was grouped into three
      categories of normal, mild to moderate defect (splayed leg, turning behaviour)
      and severe defect (death, nonresponsiveness and seizures). More normal animals
      and fewer severely affected animals were present in the allopurinol treated group
      compared to controls, but only at 2 to 4 hours after carotid ligation (p less
      than 0.05). Histological examination of brain tissue from the normal category
      failed to reveal any difference in subclinical ischaemic damage between the two
      groups. It was concluded that allopurinol may have a protective effect in acute
      stroke and that this property warrants further elucidation.

PMID- 3711918
TI  - Urethro-vesical dysfunction in progressive autonomic failure with multiple system
      atrophy.
AB  - Fourteen patients with progressive autonomic failure and multiple system atrophy
      have been investigated by urodynamic, electromyographic and neurohistochemical
      means and the results compared with a series of age-matched controls. Three
      fundamental abnormalities of lower urinary tract function have been identified:
      (1) Involuntary detrusor contractions in response to bladder filling. It is
      suggested that these may be the result of a loss of inhibitory influences from
      the corpus striatum and substantia nigra. (2) Loss of the ability to initiate a
      voluntary micturition reflex. This may reflect the degeneration of neurons in
      pontine and medullary nuclei and in the sacral intermediolateral columns. In
      addition, these studies have demonstrated a significant reduction in the density
      of acetylcholinesterase-containing nerves in bladder muscle. (3) Profound
      urethral dysfunction. This appears to be partly due to a loss of proximal
      urethral sphincter tone, which causes bladder neck incompetence. In addition, the
      function of the striated component of the urethral sphincter is impaired.
      Individual motor units recorded from this muscle were clearly abnormal when
      compared with controls and suggested that reinnervation had occurred. We suggest
      that this is the result of degeneration of a specific group of sacral anterior
      horn cells known as Onuf's nucleus. The evidence that these particular motor
      units are affected, while others are spared, poses fundamental questions about
      the nature of selective vulnerability in degenerative diseases of the nervous
      system.

PMID- 3711920
TI  - Hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis: a clinical and electrophysiological follow
      up.
AB  - Eight patients with acoustic neuroma and five patients with hemifacial spasm, who
      had undergone hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis 1-14 years previously, were
      reviewed clinically and electrophysiologically with an electrically elicited
      blink reflex. Functional recovery from the anastomosis, as rigorously judged on a
      scale of good, fair and poor, was fair to poor. Electrically it was found that
      the blink reflex was present in eight patients, suggesting facial nerve re
      innervation of the facial musculature. This was confirmed by the mild recurrence
      of hemifacial spasm in four patients. Implications for the future role of this
      operative procedure are discussed.

PMID- 3711921
TI  - A recessively inherited ataxia with episodes of dystonia.
AB  - A family with recessively inherited ataxia and dystonic episodes that responded
      to antiepileptic medication is described. The onset was in the first decade.
      Clinically the patients have gait and limb ataxia, nystagmus and brisk reflexes,
      with abnormal visual, auditory and somatosensory evoked responses, but normal
      nerve conduction velocities and electromyography. Their intelligence is
      borderline. CT and MRI scans show severe atrophy in the vermis and basis pontis.

PMID- 3711922
TI  - Spontaneous dissection of intracranial vertebral artery: clinical recovery with
      conservative treatment.

PMID- 3711923
TI  - Postinfectious meningoencephalitis complicating Mycoplasma pneumoniae in a child.

PMID- 3711924
TI  - Selective increase in cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulin G in a patient with
      Sydenham's chorea.

PMID- 3711925
TI  - Brain stem encephalitis in ornithosis.

PMID- 3711926
TI  - Relapsing Fisher's syndrome.

PMID- 3711927
TI  - Pseudotumor cerebri with amiodarone.

PMID- 3711928
TI  - Adult onset spinal muscular atrophy with atrophic testes: report of two cases.

PMID- 3711929
TI  - Cholinesterases in cerebrospinal fluid. Correlations with clinical measures in
      Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities in cerebrospinal fluid
      were measured in 17 patients with Alzheimer's disease and 6 control patients, as
      potential clinical measures of impaired cholinergic neurotransmission in
      Alzheimer's disease. The activity of butyrylcholinesterase was decreased in
      patients with Alzheimer's disease compared to that observed in control patients,
      but there was overlap between values in the 2 groups. Low butyrylcholinesterase
      activity was correlated with severity of dementia, memory impairment, and
      language disorder. Acetylcholinesterase activity was significantly correlated
      with visual contrast sensitivity, but not with dementia severity, and did not
      differentiate patients with Alzheimer's disease from control cases. These results
      suggest that cholinesterases in cerebrospinal fluid are related to brain
      cholinesterases, and indicate that the activities of acetylcholinesterase and
      butyrylcholinesterase should be distinguished in studies of cerebrospinal fluid.

PMID- 3711930
TI  - The association of cardiac muscle necrosis and inflammation with the degenerative
      and persistent myopathy of MDX mice.
AB  - Two groups of "mdx" mice, totalling 36 animals of both sexes aged between 8 and
      30 weeks, have been studied. In the first group of 10 males and 10 females, 8
      males (at 8, 12, 20 and 30 weeks) and 4 females (at 12 and 30 weeks) showed
      severe limb muscle degeneration and inflammation with prominent regeneration and
      central nucleation of myofibres; fibrosis and fatty infiltration were not a
      feature. Five males (at 8, 20 and 30 weeks) and 2 females (at 30 weeks) also
      showed myocardial necrosis and inflammation. In the second group of 8 males and 8
      females only 1 mouse, female at 25 weeks, showed similar changes including the
      myocardial lesion. Three females showed only focal myopathic changes. All the
      remaining animals in both groups were normal. These findings in terms of the
      severity and persistence of the myopathy and the myocardial lesion, not hitherto
      noted in mdx, suggest that it may be of value as an animal model of Duchenne
      muscular dystrophy (DMD) and/or other human muscle diseases. The variability
      probably reflects a failure to preserve an homozygous strain.

PMID- 3711931
TI  - Blink reflex in patients with hemifacial spasm. Observations during microvascular
      decompression operations.
AB  - The blink reflex cannot normally be elicited during surgical anesthesia using
      inhalation anesthetics. However, in patients with hemifacial spasm (HFS) the
      early component of the reflex response (R1) can be elicited on the affected side
      but not on the unaffected side during such anesthesia. The electromyographic
      (EMG) response from the mentalis muscle to stimulation of the supraorbital nerve
      was recorded during microvascular decompression (MVD) of the facial nerve to
      relieve HFS and compared to the response from the same muscle to stimulation of
      the zygomatic branch of the facial nerve in four patients. During the operation
      before the facial nerve was decompressed, contractions in both the orbicularis
      oculi and the mentalis muscles could be elicited by stimulation of the
      supraorbital nerve (mean latencies 12.2 +/- 1.9 and 12.9 +/- 2.0 ms,
      respectively). When the facial nerve had been decompressed the blink reflex could
      no longer be elicited, and there was no response from the mentalis muscle to
      stimulation of the zygomatic branch of the facial nerve. Compound action
      potentials (CAP) recorded from the 7th cranial nerve in response to stimulation
      of the supraorbital nerve had latencies of 7.5 ms +/- 1.4 ms to the negative
      peak.

PMID- 3711932
TI  - Successful treatment of murine muscular dystrophy with the protease inhibitor
      bestatin.
AB  - Continued administration of the dipeptide protease inhibitor Bestatin to 34 mice
      with genetic muscular dystrophy from the onset of clinical deficit, cured about
      half of the animals within 3 months. Cessation of treatment in the recovered mice
      at age 4 months was not followed by relapse. Examinations of these mice revealed
      recovery of (1) weight gain and life span, (2) muscle strength, and (3) marker
      enzyme activities in skeletal muscle and serum, as well as (4) disappearance of
      myopathological features characteristic of the disease such as necrosis of muscle
      fibers, centralization or a chain like arrangement of nuclei, or a marked
      infiltration of collagenous fibers. Finally, (5) the genetic confirmation of the
      animals which attained remission was confirmed to be dy/dy.

PMID- 3711933
TI  - Retrobulbar optic neuritis in a patient with acute type B hepatitis.
AB  - A case is described of retrobulbar optic neuritis in a 33-year-old female with
      acute type B hepatitis. The ocular distress, principally affecting the left eye,
      followed the normalisation of liver function tests and subsided after steroid
      therapy. At the onset of ocular symptomatology, complement activation, involving
      both classic and alternative pathways, and high levels of circulating immune
      complexes were present. HBsAg was positive. No relapse was observed during follow
      up for 3 years. An association between HBV-infection, optic neuritis and an
      immune complexes-mediated neurotoxic activity are hypothetized.

PMID- 3711934
TI  - Quantitative analysis of quadriceps muscle biopsy. Results in 7 definite and 45
      possible carriers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
AB  - Quadriceps muscle biopsy was performed in 7 definite and 45 possible carriers of
      Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Unequivocal morphological changes were observed in 8
      women; all but one of them were already detected as carriers by increased serum
      CK. Histometric analysis of muscle biopsy was performed on two fibre types (type
      1 and type 2) in all 52 women; in 38 of them the two subgroups of type 2 fibres
      (type 2a and type 2b) were also quantified. Results of histometric analysis were
      matched with control values obtained from 30 healthy females in the same age as
      the carriers (20-50 yr). Histometric analysis on two fibre types detected a
      percentage of carriers (27%) much lower than that detected by serum CK
      determination (44%). The detection rate of combined serum CK determination and
      histometric analysis of muscle biopsy was: 100% in definite carriers, 65% in
      mothers possible carriers, 38% in sisters and 25% in the group of cousins and
      aunts. The histometric parameters most frequently altered were atrophy factor and
      variability coefficient of mean diameter. Histometric analysis carried out on
      three fibre types in 38 women detected 2 more carriers showing atrophy of type 2b
      fibres. The results indicate that quantitative analysis of muscle biopsy may be
      used to detect some possible carriers with normal serum CK. However, an adequate
      number of controls is mandatory; in fact the detection rate of histometric
      analysis of muscle biopsy decreased by increasing the number of controls,
      resulting much lower than previously reported.

PMID- 3711935
TI  - Distribution of different fibre types in human skeletal muscles. Fibre type
      arrangement in m. vastus lateralis from three groups of healthy men between 15
      and 83 years.
AB  - The effects of age on the fibre type arrangement in the human muscle m. vastus
      lateralis were studied. There were 10, 6 and 8 healthy men in the three age
      groups with means 24, 52 and 77 years, respectively. For each fascicle
      considered, the numbers of type 1 (ST) and type 2 (FT) fibres on the boundary and
      internally, and the numbers of enclosed fibres of either type, were counted. The
      randomness of the fibre type arrangement was considered in terms of the numbers
      of enclosed fibres and assessed by a Monte Carlo significance test. Fibre type
      grouping was shown to increase with increasing age. The proportion of type 2
      fibres on the boundary of a fascicle was consistently greater than internally,
      but the difference was less pronounced in the old group. It is argued that the
      process of denervation and reinnervation of individual fibres has started before
      the age of 50, is a major factor in a progressive reduction of fibres with
      increasing age and is probably caused by a continuous loss of motor neurons in
      the spinal cord.

PMID- 3711936
TI  - The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Contribution of non-clinical tests.
AB  - A group of 89 patients in whom multiple sclerosis (MS) has been clinically
      diagnosed with varying degrees of certainty, and 25 patients with optic neuritis
      (ON), were subjected to the following electrophysiological tests: visual evoked
      response (VER), auditory brainstem-evoked response (ABER), somatosensory-evoked
      response (SSER), blink reflex and electronystagmography (ENG). All these patients
      also underwent computerized tomography (CT scan) and analysis of cerebrospinal
      fluid (CSF). A new diagnostic procedure is proposed, combining optimum detection
      of definite MS with optimally economical use of the above-mentioned non-clinical
      tests. The results for the MS patients show that definite MS can be diagnosed
      much more frequently (72%) if abnormal results in the above-mentioned tests are
      accepted as evidence of a (subclinical) CNS lesion. Application of the clinical
      diagnostic criteria of McAlpine yielded "definite MS" only in 27% of our patient
      material. Our diagnostic criteria showed evidence for MS in 36% of the patients
      clinically diagnosed as having ON. The test results were inconclusive as regards
      the possibility of the remaining ON patients developing MS in the future.

PMID- 3711937
TI  - The spontaneous burst activity of peripheral blood monocytes in patients with
      acute polyradiculoneuritis, lymphocytic meningoencephalitis, and multiple
      sclerosis. A comparison.
AB  - The course of the spontaneous burst activity (BA) of peripheral blood monocytes
      was examined in patients with acute polyradiculoneuritis (PN), lymphocytic
      meningoencephalitis (LE), and multiple sclerosis (MS) and the BA was compared
      with the clinical course. In 4 patients with postinfectious acute PN the BA was
      significantly increased up to values around 60 000 counts/10 s. The BA and the
      clinical course were closely correlated in these patients (mean of r = 0.83). In
      4 patients with lymphocytic LE the BA initially was moderately increased to
      values between 4 000 and 5 000 counts/10 s and showed again a very close
      correlation with the clinical course (mean of r = 0.99). In 13 MS patients the BA
      values were found markedly increased showing a close correlation with clinical
      improvement (mean of r = -0.94) whereas in 2 patients without improvement the BA
      remained at low levels. The comparison of the clinical course with that of the BA
      in the three inflammatory diseases of the nervous system reveals that patients
      with PN and LE show high BA values whilst the clinical signs and symptoms are
      most expressed, whereas the BA is low in this phase of illness in MS patients but
      increases around the beginning of improvement. Possible meanings of this
      behaviour of the BA are discussed.

PMID- 3711938
TI  - "Peripheral autonomic surface potential"--no basis for estimation of "central
      autonomic conduction velocity".

PMID- 3711939
TI  - Ultrastructural changes in the dorsal motor nucleus of monkey following bilateral
      cervical vagotomy.
AB  - The neurons of the dorsal motor nucleus (DMN) of the monkey (Macaca fascicularis)
      were of two main types: small (13 X 8 micron) and medium-sized (20 X 13 micron).
      The latter, which were the predominant form, contained a pale oval nucleus
      surrounded by organelle-rich cytoplasm. Between one and three long principal
      dendrites per section profile arose from each of the somata. Both axosomatic and
      axodendritic synapses were seen on these cells although the latter were more
      common. No structural changes were noted in the DMN 1-3 days after bilateral
      cervical vagotomy. Some of the dendrites of the medium-sized axotomized vagal
      neurons appeared darkened 5-10 days after the operation. With longer surviving
      intervals, i.e. 21 and 28 days after operation, darkened dendrites were more
      commonly seen and the cytoplasmic density of these dendrites was dramatically
      enhanced. Their mitochondria were pale and some of them also showed vesiculation.
      Both normal and degenerating axon terminals were seen to form synaptic contacts
      with the darkened dendrites. The degenerating axon terminals were characterized
      by the clumping of their round agranular vesicles. Both darkened dendrites and
      degenerating axon terminals were phagocytosed by hypertrophied astrocytes and
      activated microglial cells. Blood elements infiltrating into the DMN were a
      possible source for some of the neural macrophages. It was concluded from the
      present study that the dendrites of the vagal neurons were the first structures
      to degenerate in axotomy and these were subsequently removed by glial elements.
      Degenerating axon terminals on the darkened dendrites could represent endings of
      the central processes of peripheral vagal ganglion cells that had undergone
      transganglionic degeneration after damage to their peripheral processes.

PMID- 3711940
TI  - A glial progenitor cell in the cerebral cortex of the adult rat.
AB  - A glial cell subtype, previously classified as a beta astrocyte on the basis of
      its ultrastructural and radiobiological characteristics, has now been shown to
      represent the most mitotically active component of the glial population in the
      grey matter of the cerebral cortex of the young adult rat. The labelling index of
      0.83% was evaluated using semithin sections. A role for beta astrocytes as
      macroglial precursors is supported by the present observations. However, the
      mechanisms responsible for the intermediate radiosensitivity of these elements
      remain uncertain.

PMID- 3711941
TI  - Comparative studies on receptor structure in the brittlestar Ophiura ophiura.
AB  - The morphology of cells incorporating modified cilia in the epithelium of the
      spines, tube-feet and general surface of the ophiuroid echinoderm Ophiura ophiura
      are described using transmission and scanning electron microscopy and compared to
      those on the tube-feet of the echinoid Echinus esculentus. Some receptor cells
      have cilia showing a normal 9 + 2 microtubular arrangement and these project from
      the cuticular surface. There are also three basic cell types in which the cilia
      do not show a continuous normal 9 + 2 microtubular arrangement. In one class, a
      ring of microvilli form a tube which protrudes from the cuticular surface and
      which contains a cilium. This type is present on both spines and tube-feet and is
      identical in structure to the stabchen receptors described previously. The second
      type, termed the non-projecting receptor, is not surrounded by specialized
      microvilli, and the cilium which projects from the receptor cell ends flush with
      the cuticle which may be 3 or 4 micron above the epithelial surface; these are
      only present on the tube-feet. The third type of receptor occurs on the general
      surface of the arm, and from its position and some aspects of its structure may
      be a general photic receptor. It consists of a highly modified cilium
      characterized by a very short ciliary root. The cilium projects very little above
      the receptor cell surface and terminates among the extracellular fibrillar
      material that packs the gap of variable width between the epithelial cellular
      surface and the non-cellular cuticle. The distribution of these presumptive
      receptor cells is discussed in the light of recent sensory physiological findings
      and previous descriptions by other authors of receptor structures in the whole
      phylum.

PMID- 3711942
TI  - The electrocardiogram in preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhage and
      apnea.
AB  - To determine the relationship of electrocardiographic changes to both
      intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and neonatal apnea, continuous
      electrocardiographic monitoring, serial electrocardiograms, and cranial
      echoencephalograms were obtained on 41 consecutive preterm neonates with birth
      weight below 1,250 g. Nineteen patients (46%) were diagnosed as having an IVH
      within the first postnatal week. Six patients died while still requiring
      mechanical ventilation. Of the 35 surviving infants, 21 experienced apnea. Though
      the QRS axis was significantly different in the two groups, in both groups it was
      within the normal range. Of note, 69% of those surviving neonates with IVH
      experienced apnea, while 53% of those surviving without IVH had apnea. Unlike
      adult patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, there are no characteristic
      electrocardiographic changes in preterm neonates with IVH. Therefore, the
      neonatal electrocardiogram could not be used to predict neonatal apnea.
      Continuous electrocardiographic monitoring was useful in detecting transient
      arrhythmias and episodes of bradycardia in apneic infants. Infants with IVH
      appeared to be at higher risk for neonatal apnea than their non-IVH peers. The
      authors stress the importance of continuous electrocardiographic monitoring in
      all preterm neonates at risk for IVH.

PMID- 3711944
TI  - Common artifacts of pulmonary artery and pulmonary artery wedge pressures:
      recognition and interpretation.
AB  - Bedside measurement of pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary artery wedge
      pressure has an important role in the management of critically ill patients.
      Unfortunately, waveform abnormalities and artifacts commonly distort numeric
      values and lead to incorrect therapeutic decisions. The clinical impact of these
      artifacts is magnified by the digital pressure displays used in most intensive
      care units. We present here an atlas and an analysis of the artifacts that
      commonly occur. Use of analog rather than digital pulmonary artery wedge pressure
      data, when combined with an understanding of the physiological characteristics of
      patients, can prevent critical errors in patient management.

PMID- 3711943
TI  - Theoretical analysis of oxygen transport during hypothermia.
AB  - Oxygen transport and delivery to peripheral tissues during hypothermia are
      analyzed theoretically, taking into consideration various conditions observed
      both in nature and clinically. With decreasing temperature, P50 (the oxygen
      tension [PO2] at 50% hemoglobin saturation with oxygen) decreases, thereby
      leading to low mixed venous oxygen tension (PvO2) and thus low tissue PO2 values.
      On cooling from 37 degrees C to 25 degrees C at pH 7.4, the P50 decreases from a
      normal 26.8 mm Hg to 13.2 mm Hg. In the intact animal, as well as in a patient on
      cardiopulmonary bypass, oxygen consumption (Vo2) and cardiac output (QT, or
      recommended pump flow rate) decrease. If the ratio of Vo2/QT remains constant,
      then the arteriovenous O2 content difference, C(a-v)O2, must remain constant. If
      C(a-v)O2 is 5 ml/dl, we calculate that the PvO2 must decrease from a normal 40 mm
      Hg to 26.8 mm Hg at 25 degrees C. Clinically induced hypothermia is usually
      accompanied by hemodilution of the patient's blood to 50% normal hematocrit,
      which would reduce PvO2 to 13.7 mm Hg. Use of constant relative alkalinity (pH =
      7.58 at 25 degrees C) further reduces the P50 to 10.8 mm Hg and the PvO2 to 10.9
      mm Hg. Other clinical situations are also discussed. Sensitivity analysis
      predicts that during hypothermia PvO2 (and thus tissue PO2) is very dependent on
      P50, hemoglobin concentration, and QT, and less dependent on oxygen solubility
      and arterial PO2. We conclude that monitoring of mixed venous or tissue PO2 might
      be advisable, and that blood flow is the component of oxygen transport most
      amenable to manipulation by the clinician to ensure adequate tissue oxygenation
      during induced hypothermia.

PMID- 3711945
TI  - Transcutaneous bilirubinometry in the newborn infant: state of the art.
AB  - Hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn infant continues to challenge physicians.
      Clinical evaluation and treatment have evolved well-established principles over
      the past decade. This review examines neonatal bilirubin metabolism and focuses
      on a recently developed clinical diagnostic tool, the transcutaneous
      bilirubinometer. In spite of some limitations, the transcutaneous bilirubinometer
      can be best applied as a screening tool to identify healthy full-term infants who
      require serum bilirubin determination. With proper application, this device can
      eliminate most invasive diagnostic testing. Optimal use of the instrument
      requires the relationship between the serum bilirubin concentration and the
      transcutaneous bilirubinometer index to be determined for each device,
      institution, and population.

PMID- 3711946
TI  - Evaluation of two oxygen analyzers by computerized data acquisition and
      processing.
AB  - Monitoring of inspired oxygen concentration during anesthesia with nitrous oxide
      is becoming accepted as essential. This type of monitoring demands accurate
      monitors that respond rapidly. We evaluated two such devices for their response
      patterns to rapid changes in oxygen concentration, a galvanic or "fuel cell" unit
      and a polarographic device. Data were stored after analog-to-digital conversion.
      The response patterns to stepwise changes in nitrous oxide and oxygen mixtures
      were recorded at flow rates ranging from 2 to 10 L/min. Both units responded
      accurately to all changes in the absolute oxygen concentration; the polarographic
      unit was, on average, twice as fast. Responsiveness to nitrous oxide was low
      (less than 0.4% at 100% nitrous oxide), and the stability of the signals was
      good. The 90% response time (T90) was consistent for any stepwise increase or
      decrease in oxygen concentration between 0, 21, 33, 50, and 100%. After a step
      change from 0 to 100% oxygen at a gas flow rate of 10 L/min, the T90 was 5.8
      seconds in the polarographic device and 11.4 seconds in the galvanic device (p
      less than 0.01). After a decrease from 100 to 0% oxygen, the T90 was 0.6 second
      longer in both monitors. Comparing flow rates of 2 L/min with 10 L/min, the T90
      was delayed by 1.1 and 2.3 seconds for an increase, and by 1.4 and 2.9 seconds
      for a decrease in oxygen concentration. Experimental data suggest that both
      sensors respond adequately during routine clinical use. The faster response of
      the polarographic device is probably of limited clinical relevance, but it may
      aid in calibration.

PMID- 3711947
TI  - Monitoring nutritional status in the critically ill adult.
AB  - Nutritional support is an important aspect of the multidisciplinary approach to
      critical care medicine. During stress, visceral protein turnover is increased.
      However, muscle and connective tissue proteolysis is obligatory if the stressful
      condition persists. Through nutritional support, peripheral protein breakdown is
      minimized and visceral protein synthesis maximized. A delivery system of 15% to
      20% dietary protein, 30% fat, 50% to 55% carbohydrate, complemented by moderate
      amounts of vitamins and minerals, is considered best. Optimal nutritional care
      depends on objective assessment of the patient's nutritional status before and
      during nutritional support, particularly the nutritional status of the body cell
      mass and the energy required for maintenance and support of reparative processes.
      Indicators least disturbed by factors should be selected for assessment.
      Individual indicators vary in critical states. After resuscitation, excess body
      water may increase body weight; after surgery, stress may depress albumin levels.
      Biometric markers of nutritional status and measurements that adequately validate
      and evaluate response to nutritional support are discussed.

PMID- 3711948
TI  - Recognition of mixed anesthetic agents by mass spectrometer during anesthesia.
AB  - Anesthetic agents are sometimes added to the wrong vaporizer on an anesthesia
      machine. As a result, the vaporizer may deliver a mixture of anesthetic agents at
      concentrations inappropriate for use on a patient. However, untoward clinical
      complications related to vaporizers can be prevented with a time-shared mass
      spectrometer. This device accurately and rapidly indicates the gases and gas
      concentrations present in a vaporizer.

PMID- 3711949
TI  - Another wrong turn.

PMID- 3711950
TI  - Reduced risk with gas analysis.

PMID- 3711951
TI  - Evaluation of two adaptive sodium nitroprusside control algorithms.
AB  - Computer control of sodium nitroprusside infusion may be safer and provide better
      control of arterial blood pressure than is achieved with manual control. In a
      series of test maneuvers in 20 mongrel dogs, the performance of two adaptive
      control algorithms (controllers) was compared and their safety tested. The
      controllers were set to infuse sodium nitroprusside to decrease mean arterial
      pressure and maintain it 20 to 30 mm Hg below the control pressure. Then,
      sequentially, the right atrium was paced to simulate a supraventricular
      tachydysrhythmia, the right ventricle was intermittently paced to simulate
      ventricular extrasystoles, large tidal volumes were given to simulate a
      respiratory-therapy maneuver, the catheter was clamped to simulate clotting, an
      air bubble was introduced, and the infused sodium nitroprusside concentrations
      were either doubled or halved. Next, 500 ml of blood was drawn. Then, in
      sequence, positive end-expiratory pressure was applied, the right atrium was
      paced, and large tidal volume breaths were given to cause the blood pressure to
      fluctuate. When the controllers were turned on, mean arterial pressure reached
      the set point and remained within 5 mm Hg of the target pressure after 8.6 +/-
      0.9 minutes (mean +/- SEM). The controllers properly handled the differences in
      sodium nitroprusside sensitivity and the catastrophic challenges presented in the
      experiments. When the animals were not being disturbed, stability was maintained
      and the blood pressure was kept well within 5 mm Hg of the desired pressure. The
      controllers rejected all invalid pressure signals during testing.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3711953
TI  - A computer evaluation of the ratio of the diastolic pressure-time index to the
      time-tension index from three arterial sites in dogs.
AB  - The ratio of the area under the diastolic portion of the arterial pulse pressure
      trace (diastolic pressure-time index; DPTI) to the area under the systolic
      component of the arterial pulse pressure trace (time-tension index; TTI) has been
      used to predict the relationship of myocardial blood supply to oxygen demand.
      Since introduction of the DPTI-to-TTI ratio as a measurement of this
      relationship, the accepted critical DPTI:TTI value below which subendocardial
      ischemia may occur has decreased by almost 50%. This lower critical value has
      come about as more clinical experience has been gained, particularly in patients
      with an arterial catheter in the arm. To investigate a potential cause for this
      decrease, we studied a canine model by pulse transduction from the central aorta
      (the site traditionally used for these ratio determinations), as well as the
      femoral artery and the median forepaw artery. Following inotropic and ventricular
      loading interventions, the changes in the DPTI:TTI, calculated by a special
      purpose computer, were exaggerated by approximately 25% in the peripheral
      arterial measurements. The peripheral arterial sites had consistently higher
      systolic waveforms and consistently lower, broader diastolic waveforms than those
      for the central aortic site. This type of configurational change is probably a
      major cause of the differences among ratios from the three sites in our study,
      and it helps to explain why the value of the critical ratio has been a subject of
      controversy.

PMID- 3711952
TI  - The microbiological risk of invasive hemodynamic monitoring in adults undergoing
      cardiac valve replacement.
AB  - The microbiological risk of invasive hemodynamic monitoring was studied
      prospectively in 230 consecutive patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement
      during prophylactic therapy with cephalothin. A total of 923 catheter tips were
      cultured, and 1.6% yielded positive cultures. The rate of positive cultures did
      not differ significantly between catheters inserted percutaneously (1.9%
      positive) and those inserted surgically (0.5% positive). The incidence of
      positive catheter tip cultures for intravenous, central venous, arterial, and
      pulmonary arterial catheters was 0, 1.5, 2.6, and 2.9%, respectively, whereas the
      surgically inserted right and left atrial catheters yielded 0.6 and 0% positive
      tip cultures, respectively. One patient developed septicemia related to a right
      atrial catheter. There was no correlation between the incidence of positive
      catheter tip cultures and the length of time that the catheters remained in situ.
      No patient developed early or late endocarditis. Invasive hemodynamic monitoring
      seems to be microbiologically safe, even in patients undergoing cardiac valve
      replacement.

PMID- 3711954
TI  - Response and survival in clinical trials.

PMID- 3711955
TI  - Can intraperitoneal chemotherapy alter the natural course of ovarian cancer?

PMID- 3711956
TI  - Multiple drug antiemetic therapy.

PMID- 3711957
TI  - Secondary malignancy after treatment of Hodgkin's disease: an evolving picture.

PMID- 3711958
TI  - Analyzing the patterns of treatment failure.

PMID- 3711959
TI  - How we know what we (think we) know.

PMID- 3711960
TI  - Second acute leukemia and other malignancies following treatment for Hodgkin's
      disease.
AB  - The records of 1,329 patients with Hodgkin's disease admitted from 1965 to 1982
      were analyzed to assess the relative frequency of second neoplasms. Within a
      median follow-up of 9.5 years, a total of 68 new cancers were documented.
      Nineteen cases of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, 6 cases of non-Hodgkin's
      lymphomas, and 43 cases with different types of solid tumors were identified. The
      overall risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was 1.3% +/- 0.6% and of solid tumors was
      8.3% +/- 1.5% when basal cell carcinomas were included and 6.7% +/- 1.4% when
      basal cell carcinomas were excluded. No cases of leukemia were documented in
      patients treated with radiation therapy only. The 12-year estimate of leukemia by
      treatment was as follows: chemotherapy only 1.4% +/- 2.3%; radiation plus MOPP
      (mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone) 10.2% +/- 5.2%;
      radiation plus ABVD (Adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine) 0; and
      radiation plus other drug regimens 4.8% +/- 1.6%. The risk of leukemia was
      particularly high (15.5% +/- 7.4%) in patients who received salvage MOPP after
      radiation failure. A positive association was also noted between increasing age
      and risk of second malignancies, especially leukemia. The incidence of second
      neoplasms can be markedly decreased by deleting from potentially curative therapy
      certain drugs such as alkylating agents, procarbazine, and nitrosourea
      derivatives.

PMID- 3711961
TI  - Combined modality therapy for adults with small noncleaved cell lymphoma
      (Burkitt's and non-Burkitt's types).
AB  - Between June 1979 and June 1984 18 adult patients with small noncleaved cell
      lymphoma (SNCL) (diffuse undifferentiated lymphoma, Burkitt's and non-Burkitt's
      types of the Rappaport classification) were treated with high-dose
      cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone, midcycle high-dose
      methotrexate, and intrathecal methotrexate. Early in the course of treatment,
      hyperfractionated radiotherapy (125 cGy, every two days, for 1,500 to 2,250
      centigray [cGy]) was administered to unresected masses greater than 10 cm in
      their greatest dimension. Chemotherapy was administered every 21 days for six to
      ten cycles. Treatment was generally well tolerated; however, one patient died of
      probable tumor lysis syndrome. With a median follow-up of 1.2 years, actuarial
      survival was 66.8% and relapse-free survival (RFS) was 71.3% for the entire
      group. All treatment failures and deaths occurred in patients with stage D
      disease. RFS projected at 2 years was 100% for stages A and AR and 60.6% for
      stage B, C, and D (P = .13 Gehan). Two-year RFS for patients with stage A, AR, B,
      or C disease was 100 v 41% for those with stage D disease. Patients with adverse
      prognostic features (n = 7)--unresected bulk measuring greater than 10 cm,
      pretreatment serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 500 IU/L (normal, 200) or
      involvement of CNS or bone marrow--had a projected RFS of 28.6% compared with
      100% for those patients without these features (P = .002 Gehan). Too few patients
      received induction radiotherapy to assert its role in therapy. By using
      aggressive multiagent therapy, cure can be expected in a high percentage of
      adults with SNCL. In the subset with adverse prognostic features, more effective
      therapy is necessary.

PMID- 3711962
TI  - A quality assessment of randomized control trials of primary treatment of breast
      cancer.
AB  - The methodology of randomized control trials (RCTs) of the primary treatment of
      early breast cancer has been reviewed using a quantitative method. Sixty-three
      RCTs comparing various treatment modalities tested on over 34,000 patients and
      reported in 119 papers were evaluated according to a standardized scoring system.
      A percentage score was developed to assess the internal validity of a study
      (referring to the quality of its design and execution) and its external validity
      (referring to presentation of information required to determine its
      generalizability). An overall score was also calculated as the combination of the
      two. The mean overall score for the 63 RCTs was 50% (95% confidence interval [CI]
      = 46% to 54%) with small and nonstatistically significant differences between
      types of trial. The most common methodologic deficiencies encountered in these
      studies were related to the randomization process (only 27 of the 63 RCTs adopted
      a truly blinded procedure), the handling of withdrawals (only 26 RCTs included
      all patients in the analyses), the description of the follow-up schedule (only 12
      RCTs reported adequately), the report of side effects (adequate information given
      in 33 RCTs), and the description of the patient population (satisfactory in 29
      RCTs). Telephone calls to the principal investigators improved the quality scores
      by seven points on a scale of 100, indicating that some of the deficiencies lay
      in reporting rather than performance. There was evidence that quality has
      improved over time and that the increasing tendency of involving a
      biostatistician in the research team was positively associated with the
      improvement of the internal validity but not with the external.

PMID- 3711963
TI  - Anxiety levels in patients randomized to adjuvant therapy versus observation for
      early breast cancer.
AB  - We studied anxiety levels in 68 patients who had been randomized to adjuvant
      chemotherapy v observation on two Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG)
      protocols. All subjects were women who had undergone total or modified radical
      mastectomy for breast cancer. Immediately before breast protocol randomization
      and again 3, 6, and 12 months later, patients completed two self-report measures:
      the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the SCL-90. There were no consistent trends
      in anxiety levels over time. At each test point, patients under observation
      displayed higher anxiety scores than did patients receiving adjuvant therapy, but
      these differences failed to attain statistical significance. Power calculations
      indicate that these results rule out the possibility of major differences in
      anxiety levels among patients randomized to observation v adjuvant therapy, but a
      larger patient sample is required before a definitive statement can be made about
      smaller differences.

PMID- 3711964
TI  - Motor-unit recruitment in human first dorsal interosseous muscle for static
      contractions in three different directions.
AB  - Spike-triggered averaging was used to extract the twitch tensions and contraction
      times of 144 motor units from the first dorsal interosseous muscle of four
      subjects for three different directions of static contraction: abduction of the
      index finger, flexion of the index finger, and adduction of the thumb coupled
      with flexion of the index finger (hereafter referred to as adduction). Although
      the twitch tensions were generally largest for the abduction contraction, all
      units contributed tension to all three directions of contraction. A linear
      correlation was found for twitch tensions of motor units for the three directions
      of static contractions. Linear correlations were also found between twitch
      tension and threshold force of these motor units for each direction, which
      suggests that an orderly pattern of recruitment, according to increasing twitch
      size, adequately describes the function of human first dorsal interosseous muscle
      for all contraction directions. No clear evidence was found for separate groups
      of motor units in the muscle that were selectively activated for the different
      tasks. Rank order of recruitment for motor units in the three directions of
      contraction was correlated, but was not identical. The scatter in our data is
      discussed in relation to earlier reports of altered motor-unit recruitment during
      different movements.

PMID- 3711965
TI  - Cross-correlation analysis of a recurrent inhibitory circuit in the rat thalamus.
AB  - Spontaneous activities of vibrissa-responding neurons in the rat ventrobasal
      complex (VB) and somatosensory part of the thalamic reticular nucleus (S-TR) were
      simultaneously recorded and subjected to cross-correlation analysis to
      investigate the functional organization of recurrent inhibitory action of the S
      TR on VB neurons. Excitatory and/or inhibitory interactions were found between
      approximately 75% (25/34) of the pairs of S-TR and VB neurons with receptive
      fields (RFs) on the same vibrissa. In contrast, there was no significant
      interaction between 54 pairs of neurons having RFs on different vibrissae. Among
      the pairs of neurons with RFs on the same vibrissa, there were four types of
      correlations, which indicate the following connections: monosynaptic excitation
      from a VB to an S-TR neuron (7 pairs), monosynaptic inhibition from an S-TR to a
      VB neuron (10 pairs), reciprocal connection combining the above two types (7
      pairs), and common excitation in addition to inhibition from an S-TR to a VB
      neuron (1 pair). Examples of divergence and convergence of connections between S
      TR and VB neurons were demonstrated by testing one S-TR (VB) neuron with more
      than one VB (S-TR) neuron. Vibrissa-suppressed VB cells, which had exclusively
      inhibitory RFs, were included in eight pairs of the above samples. These VB cells
      were more likely to receive inhibitory inputs from S-TR neurons than other VB
      neurons. Cells with RFs on multiple vibrissae were included in the other 10
      pairs. These multiple-vibrissa cells had no interaction with single-vibrissa
      cells but did with multiple-vibrissa cells. From the incidence of four types of
      correlation between S-TR and VB neurons with RFs on the same vibrissa, the
      following connection pattern is suggested: One S-TR neuron receives excitatory
      inputs from approximately 40% of the VB neurons with RFs on the same vibrissa and
      sends inhibitory outputs to approximately 55%. Since these two groups of VB
      neurons were overlapping, the S-TR neuron has reciprocal connections with
      approximately 20% of the VB neurons with RFs on the same vibrissa. The same
      estimate was applied to connectivity of one VB neuron. These results indicate
      that both inputs and outputs of S-TR neurons are precisely and topographically
      organized, although there is convergence to and divergence from a substantial
      number of VB neurons with RFs on the same vibrissa. It is proposed that the
      recurrent inhibitory circuit through the S-TR plays a role in improving
      discrimination of sensory information transmitted through the VB.

PMID- 3711966
TI  - Hysteresis and slow drift in abducens unit activity.
AB  - Two trained monkeys made saccadic eye movements to a small visual target. The
      activity of 39 isolated abducens units, presumed to be motoneurons or abducens
      internuclear neurons, was recorded in relation to these eye movements. After a
      calibration trial, a test trial repeatedly elicited 20 degrees horizontal
      saccades to primary position from either the left or right. On average, the
      steady-state firing rate at primary position depended on the direction of the
      saccade. For saccades where the neuron showed a burst in activity during the
      saccade (on-saccades) the steady-state firing rates were usually higher than for
      those saccades that showed a pause in activity during the saccade (off-saccades).
      For the population of units this hysteresis measured 5.4 spikes/s, which may be
      compared with an average primary-position rate of 97 spikes/s. The average
      hysteresis for individual units ranged from -2.1 to 18.5 spikes/s. The steady
      state firing rate after equal saccades in the same direction and ending at the
      same position (primary) varied slowly over time. Across all units the variability
      (standard deviation) ranged from 0.5 to 11.8 spikes/s with a mean of 4.7
      spikes/s. Furthermore, for any one unit the variations following on-saccades
      generally correlated with the variations following the off-saccades. Hysteresis,
      doubted by many, does exist. Fortunately, it is small enough, 5.5% of typical
      primary-position rate, that it can be neglected for many purposes. Nevertheless,
      it poses the interesting theoretical question of how the oculomotor system
      compensates for hysteresis. The simplest explanation of slow variations in
      background rate is cocontractive noise: a slow fluctuation in all abducens
      neurons so that these variations do not result in fluctuations of eye position.

PMID- 3711967
TI  - Both striate cortex and superior colliculus contribute to visual properties of
      neurons in superior temporal polysensory area of macaque monkey.
AB  - Although the tectofugal system projects to the primate cerebral cortex by way of
      the pulvinar, previous studies have failed to find any physiological evidence
      that the superior colliculus influences visual activity in the cortex. We studied
      the relative contributions of the tectofugal and geniculostriate systems to the
      visual properties of neurons in the superior temporal polysensory area (STP) by
      comparing the effects of unilateral removal of striate cortex, the superior
      colliculus, or of both structures. In the intact monkey, STP neurons have large,
      bilateral receptive fields. Complete unilateral removal of striate cortex did not
      eliminate visual responses of STP neurons in the contralateral visual hemifield;
      rather, nearly half the cells still responded to visual stimuli in the hemifield
      contralateral to the lesion. Thus the visual properties of STP neurons are not
      completely dependent on the geniculostriate system. Unilateral striate lesions
      did affect the response properties of STP neurons in three ways. Whereas most STP
      neurons in the intact monkey respond similarly to stimuli in the two visual
      hemifields, responses to stimuli in the hemifield contralateral to the striate
      lesion were usually weaker than responses in the ipsilateral hemifield. Whereas
      the responses of many STP neurons in the intact monkey were selective for the
      direction of stimulus motion or for stimulus form, responses in the hemifield
      contralateral to the striate lesion were not selective for either motion or form.
      Whereas the median receptive field in the intact monkey extended 80 degrees into
      the contralateral visual field, the receptive fields of cells with responses in
      the contralateral field that survived the striate lesions had a median border
      that extended only 50 degrees into the contralateral visual field. Removal of
      both striate cortex and the superior colliculus in the same hemisphere abolished
      the responses of STP neurons to visual stimuli in the hemifield contralateral to
      the combined lesion. Nearly 80% of the cells still responded to visual stimuli in
      the hemifield ipsilateral to the lesion. Unilateral removal of the superior
      colliculus alone had only small effects on visual responses in STP. Receptive
      field size and visual response strength were slightly reduced in the hemifield
      contralateral to the collicular lesion. As in the intact monkey, selectivity for
      stimulus motion or form were similar in the two visual hemifields. We conclude
      that both striate cortex and the superior colliculus contribute to the visual
      responses of STP neurons. Striate cortex is crucial for the movement and stimulus
      specificity of neurons in STP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3711969
TI  - Dorsal horn potentials and current source densities evoked by single action
      potentials in single slowly adapting type I axons.
AB  - The slow-wave response of cat dorsal horn, elicited by single action potentials
      in single slowly adapting type I (SAI) axons, was mapped by averaging the slow
      wave recorded from each locus in a rectangular array of recording loci in the
      transverse plane. Current source-density (CSD) waveforms were computed from these
      averages. Evoked potentials always included N-waves, with mean latency = 4.9 ms,
      rise time (base line to peak) = 2.3 ms, and duration (base line-peak-base line) =
      13.1 ms. In some planes, the N-wave was followed by a longer P-wave. The N-wave
      timing corresponded to previously described excitatory postsynaptic potentials
      (EPSPs) recorded intracellularly and excitatory discharges recorded
      extracellularly from single units evoked by single SAI spikes. The P-wave timing
      corresponded to a previously described postexcitatory suppression of SAI spike
      evoked EPSPs and discharges following single conditioning SAI action potentials.
      The current sink during the N-wave had the following properties: It occurred in a
      column of tissue, perpendicular to the laminar borders, less than 600 microns
      wide; this is similar to the terminal domain of a single SAI collateral. It
      remains stationary during the N-wave, indicating that the excited population of
      dorsal horn elements does not spread or shift within the transverse plane during
      the response. It is somatotopically organized in the mediolateral dimension, in a
      manner similar to the somatotopic organization of primary afferent terminations
      and of dorsal horn cell receptive fields.

PMID- 3711968
TI  - Periventricular gray inhibition of thoracic spinothalamic cells projecting to
      medial and lateral thalamus.
AB  - Effects of electrical stimulation of the periventricular gray (PVG) on
      spinothalamic tract (STT) cell activity were determined in 19 anesthetized
      monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Twenty-two STT cells projected to the ventral
      posterior lateral nucleus (L-STT cells), 11 to the medial thalamus (M-STT cells),
      and 9 to both thalamic regions (LM-STT cells). All cells had somatic receptive
      fields and responded to electrical stimulation of cardiopulmonary sympathetic
      afferent fibers. PVG stimulation inhibited activity of 41 of 42 STT cells. Degree
      of inhibition of background activity was related to intensity and frequency.
      Stimulus currents of 300 microA or less completely silenced background activity
      of most cells. Thresholds for stimulus current averaged 100 +/- 20 microA and
      were unrelated to cell projection site, laminar location, or type of somatic or
      visceral input. However, lowest thresholds were found when the PVG electrodes
      were located within 0.5 mm of the third ventricle in the dorsomedial hypothalamus
      or nucleus reuniens of the thalamus. PVG stimulation inhibited responses of 22 of
      22 cells to intracardiac injections of bradykinin. Bradykinin (2 micrograms/kg)
      increased cell activity from 15 +/- 3 to 31 +/- 5 spikes/s (P less than 0.01),
      and PVG stimulation (380 +/- 40 microA) reduced activity to 9 +/- 3 spikes/s (P
      less than 0.001). PVG stimulation inhibited responses of 33 of 33 STT cells to
      noxious pinch of skin or skin and muscle and responses of 8 of 8 cells to hair
      movement. Degree of inhibition of cell responses to noxious pinch was not
      significantly different from inhibition of responses to bradykinin. Effects of
      PVG stimulation on activity of six STT cells were studied before and after
      bilateral lesions were made in the dorsolateral funiculus (DLF). In no case did
      the lesions abolish or attenuate inhibitory effects of PVG stimulation. These
      results suggest that PVG may participate in descending inhibition of STT cells
      including cells mediating cardiac pain. The descending pathways are not located
      in the DLF. Further, descending inhibitory systems modulate STT cells projecting
      to both medial and lateral thalamus.

PMID- 3711970
TI  - Pattern of convergence of the receptors of the barnacle's three ocelli onto
      second-order cells.
AB  - The giant barnacle, Balanus nubilus, has three simple eyes, two lateral and one
      median. We have studied the convergence of the receptors of these ocelli by
      recording from the second-order cell (I-cell) and from the receptors' terminals.
      The I-cell's responses to illumination of the median and lateral eyes are similar
      in shape, dynamic range, and reversal potential, but the response to lateral
      input has a longer latency, a slower rise time, and a smaller amplitude. These
      differences primarily reflect the different voltage changes in the terminals of
      the decrementally conducting median and lateral receptors. Simultaneous
      recordings from the terminals of median and lateral receptors showed that the
      responses to light recorded in lateral terminals had a longer latency, a slower
      rise time, and smaller amplitude than signals in median terminals. The
      differences in the I-cell's responses to median and lateral input were
      essentially eliminated by stimulating the median and lateral ocellar nerves with
      extracellular suction electrodes positioned at equal distances from the
      receptors' terminals. The similarity of the I-cell's responses to median and
      lateral input suggests that lateral photoreceptors, like median receptors,
      contact the I-cell directly. No evidence was found for interaction between median
      and lateral receptors. Simultaneous fills of median and lateral receptors with
      cobalt showed minimal overlap between their terminal arbors. No voltage change
      was detected in the second receptor when the voltage in the first was changed
      with current pulses or when action potentials were elicited in the presence of
      tetraethylammonium ions. The absence of a detectable response in the terminals of
      one eye's receptors when the receptors of the other eye were stimulated with
      current or light suggests that there is no feedback from the I-cell to the
      receptors. Simultaneous illumination of the median and lateral eyes produced
      responses in the I-cell expected from two independent inputs. The first synaptic
      stage of the visual pathway in the barnacle is thus unusually simple, consisting
      of a small number of electrically isolated photoreceptors converging upon the
      same pair of second-order cells with no feedback interaction.

PMID- 3711971
TI  - Disparity-induced and blur-induced convergence eye movement and accommodation in
      the monkey.
AB  - The dynamics of vergence eye movement and of ocular accommodation were studied in
      two monkeys trained to track a haploscopically presented target that appeared to
      move in depth. The target was presented under four conditions: monocular viewing,
      normal binocular viewing, accommodation-open-loop binocular viewing, and
      "conflict" viewing, in which the accommodation and vergence stimuli did not
      correspond to those produced by any real target in three-dimensional space. The
      first and third conditions were chosen because in each case only one of the two
      primary cues that guide accommodation and vergence was operative: blur in the
      first case and disparity in the third. We usually studied responses to apparent
      target movement directly toward or away from the right eye, in which
      accommodation was measured. The latencies of the accommodation responses to steps
      toward the monkey were approximately 180 and 240 ms in the two monkeys, while in
      both monkeys the latencies of convergence were approximately 160 ms. Neither the
      vergence latencies nor the accommodation latencies were greatly different in
      monocular and binocular viewing. Responses to a sinusoidally moving target
      (frequencies 0.1-1.2 Hz; peak-to-peak amplitude 0.5-4 diopters or meter-angles)
      were studied in the first three of the above viewing conditions. In binocular
      viewing, even with accommodation open-loop, vergence and accommodation showed
      much smaller phase lags than in monocular viewing. Furthermore, in response to
      step changes, both vergence and accommodation velocities were higher in binocular
      viewing than in monocular viewing. Thus the dynamic control of both vergence and
      accommodation relies predominantly on disparity signals. At low frequencies (0.2
      or 0.3 Hz) the monkeys showed only a modest ability to separate their
      accommodation and vergence responses when presented with conflicting blur and
      disparity cues. A simple linear calculation based on the data above was used to
      predict the responses in such situations. The predicted and observed responses
      were in reasonable agreement.

PMID- 3711972
TI  - Neurons in the monkey midbrain with activity related to vergence eye movement and
      accommodation.
AB  - We recorded from neurons dorsal and dorsolateral to the third nerve nucleus of
      the monkey whose discharge rates modulated when the monkey tracked targets moving
      in depth but not when it tracked targets moving from side to side. The neurons'
      activity modulated equally well whether the target moved directly toward one eye
      or the other. For most neurons the amplitude of modulation was similar whether
      the monkey tracked monocularly (blur cue alone), binocularly with accommodation
      open-loop (disparity cue alone), or in normal binocular viewing. By comparing the
      modulation in normal binocular viewing with that when the blur and disparity cues
      were in conflict we were able to show that 19 neurons discharged in relation to
      the vergence response alone and not to accommodation. Eight neurons discharged
      exclusively in relation to accommodation. While the monkeys tracked targets
      moving in depth so that target vergence varied with a sinusoidal time course
      (frequency 0.1 or 0.2 Hz) the discharge modulations of identified vergence cells
      generally showed much more phase lead than expected of motoneurons. We examined
      the activity of a subset of these vergence cells in response to a range of
      stimulus frequencies to compare the dynamics of these neurons with motoneurons.
      The phase leads were larger than those expected of motoneurons over the entire
      frequency range tested. We speculate that vergence neurons may selectively
      activate (directly or indirectly) motoneurons with longer time constants than the
      mean.

PMID- 3711973
TI  - Properties of self-reinnervated motor units of medial gastrocnemius of cat. I.
      Long-term reinnervation.
AB  - This work tested whether the membrane electrical properties of cat motoneurons,
      the contractile properties of their muscle units, and the normal relationships
      among them would be restored 9 mo after section and resuture of their muscle
      nerve. Properties of medial gastrocnemius (MG) motor units were examined 9 mo
      following section and resuture of the MG nerve in adult cats. Motoneuron
      electrical properties and muscle-unit contractile properties were measured. Motor
      units were classified on the basis of their contractile properties as type fast
      twitch, fast fatiguing (FF), fast twitch with intermediate fatigue resistance
      (FI), fast twitch, fatigue resistant (FR), or slow twitch, fatigue resistant (S)
      (8, 20). Muscle fibers were classified as type fast glycolytic (FG), fast
      oxidative glycolytic (FOG), or slow oxidative (SO) on the basis of histochemical
      staining for myosin adenosine triphosphatase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
      diaphorase, and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (48). Following 9 mo self
      reinnervation, the proportions of each motor-unit type were the same as in normal
      control animals. Motoneuron membrane electrical properties [axonal conduction
      velocity, afterhyperpolarization (AHP) half-decay time, rheobase, and input
      resistance] also returned to control levels in those motoneurons that made
      functional reconnection with the muscle (as determined by ability to elicit
      measurable tension). The relationships among motoneuron electrical properties
      were normal in motoneurons making functional reconnection. Approximately 10% of
      MG motoneurons sampled did not elicit muscle contraction. These cells' membrane
      electrical properties were different from those that did elicit muscle
      contraction. Contractile speed and fatigue resistance of reinnervated muscle
      units had recovered to control levels at 9 mo postoperation. Force generation did
      not recover fully in type-FF units. The reduced tensions were apparently due to
      failure of recovery of FG muscle fiber area. Following reinnervation,
      relationships between motoneuron electrical and muscle-unit contractile
      properties were similar to controls. This was reflected in a degree of
      correspondence between motor-unit type and motoneuron type similar to normal
      units (84 vs. 86%, as defined by Ref. 61). There was a significantly increased
      proportion of type-SO muscle fibers and a decrease in the fast muscle fibers
      (especially type FOG) in 9 mo reinnervated MG. Together with the unchanged
      proportions of motor-unit types, this led to an estimate of average innervation
      ratios being increased in type-S motor units and decreased in type-FR
      units.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3711974
TI  - Properties of self-reinnervated motor units of medial gastrocnemius of cat. II.
      Axotomized motoneurons and time course of recovery.
AB  - This study tested the hypothesis that functional connection to muscle is
      necessary for expression of normal motoneuron electrical properties. Also
      examined was the time course of self-reinnervation. Properties of individual
      medial gastrocnemius (MG) motor units were examined following section and
      reanastomosis of the MG nerve. Stages examined were 3-5 wk (prior to
      reinnervation, no-re), 5-6 wk (low-re), 9-10 wk (med-re), and 9 mo (long-re,
      preceding paper) after nerve section. Motor units were classified on the basis of
      their mechanical response as type fast twitch, fast fatiguing (FF), fast twitch
      with intermediate fatigue resistance (FI), fast twitch, fatigue resistant (FR),
      or slow twitch, fatigue resistant (S) (11, 24). Motoneuron electrical properties
      were measured. Muscle fibers were classified using histochemical methods as type
      fast glycolytic (FG), fast oxidative glycolytic (FOG), or slow oxidative (SO)
      (60). Prior to functional reinnervation, MG motoneurons exhibited increased input
      resistance, decreased rheobase, decreased rheobase/input resistance, and
      decreased axonal conduction velocity. There was no change in mean
      afterhyperpolarization (AHP) half-decay time. Normal relationships between
      motoneuron electrical properties were lost. These data are consistent with
      dedifferentiation of motoneuron properties following axotomy (35, 47). At 5-6 wk
      after reanastomosis, motor-unit tensions were small, and motoneuron membrane
      electrical properties were unchanged from the no-re stage. There were no
      differences in motoneuron electrical properties between cells that elicited
      muscle contraction and those that did not. Motor-unit types were first
      recognizable at the med-re stage. The proportions of fast and slow motor units
      were similar to normal MG. Within the fast units, there were fewer type-FF units
      and more type-FI and type-FR units than normal, reflecting a general increase in
      fatigue resistance at this stage. Neither motoneuron membrane electrical
      properties nor muscle contractile properties had reached normal values, although
      both were changed in that direction from the low-re stage. Normal relationships
      between muscle properties, between motoneuron properties, and between motoneuron
      and muscle properties were re-established. The correspondence between motor-unit
      type and motoneuron type was similar to normal or 9 mo reinnervated MG. Muscle
      unit tetanic tensions became larger with time after reinnervation. Most of the
      increase in muscle tension beyond the med-re stage could be accounted for by
      increase in muscle fiber area. There was an increased proportion of SO muscle
      fibers observed in the med-re muscles, as at the long-re stage.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3711975
TI  - Interocular transfer of adaptation after effect in neurons of area 17 and 18 of
      split chiasm cats.
AB  - Responses to sinusoidal gratings for neurons in area 17 and 18 of split chiasm
      cats were recorded extracellularly, and the interocular transfer of the effect of
      adaptation to high-contrast gratings was studied. In area 17 all but one of the
      simple cells showed the phenomenon of adaptation and its interocular transfer;
      60% of the complex cells showed the effect of adaptation, and of these cells 35%
      showed an interocular transfer of adaptation. The adaptation aftereffect was
      comparable both in strength and duration for the direct and the callosal pathway.
      The strength of the adaptation aftereffect through the callosal pathway was not
      related to the strength of the input from the contralateral eye. An interocular
      transfer of the adaptation aftereffect was found in several neurons with a very
      weak input from the contralateral eye and in five simple cells apparently
      responding only to the ipsilateral eye. Fifty-eight percent of the neurons in
      area 18 showed the effect of adaptation, and 55% of them showed interocular
      transfer. No interocular transfer of the adaptation aftereffect was found in
      those neurons where an input from the contralateral eye was undetectable.
      Interocular transfer of the adaptation was found in all the neurons recorded in
      area 17 of animals with section of the corpus callosum but intact chiasm. No
      interocular transfer was found in neurons recorded in area 17 of cats with both
      the optic chiasm and the corpus callosum sectioned. We conclude that callosal
      connections are sufficient for the transfer of the adaptation aftereffect,
      although they are not necessary.

PMID- 3711976
TI  - Role of central interneurons in habituation of swimming activity in the medicinal
      leech.
AB  - Swimming activity evoked by light tactile stimulation of a body wall flap in
      dissected leech preparations undergoes habituation (5). In this study, we examine
      the activity of several interneurons (cell 204, cell 205, the S cell, and cell
      208) during habituation trials to study further the neuronal mechanisms that
      mediate this decline in responsiveness. Light tactile stimulation of the leech
      body wall evoked initially a marked excitatory response in cell 204 homologs
      (segmental swim-initiating neurons) that preceded the initiation of swimming
      activity. This response decreased over the course of repeated stimulus trials;
      however, no marked decline in cell 204 activity accompanied the cessation of swim
      initiation. A similar activity pattern was observed in cell 205. Thus the
      habituation of swimming activity to stroking of the body wall is not due solely
      to reduced input to cell 204 and cell 205. The early activity of cell 204 was not
      correlated to the duration of subsequent swim episodes. However, the impulse
      frequency of cell 204 during swim episodes was negatively correlated to the
      period of swim cycles. This correlation between cell 204 activity and cycle
      period occurred both within individual episodes as well as between trials in a
      habituation series. Direct stimulation of cell 204 with current pulses evoked
      swimming activity reliably for an average of 72 trials. Therefore, habituation
      that results from stroking the body wall (which occurs after approximately 6
      trials) is not mediated by plasticity in the connections between cell 204 and the
      swim oscillator. The S cell fired repeatedly in response to light tactile
      stimulation. This response declined with repeated trials. Intense intracellular
      stimulation of the S cell was sufficient to initiate swimming activity in some
      preparations. The magnitude and duration of the excitation required to initiate
      swimming by this means were far greater, however, than that which occurred during
      stroking the body wall. The response of cell 208 (a swim oscillator cell) to body
      wall stimulation during habituation trials was variable; usually an initial
      hyperpolarization was followed by some depolarization. No aspect of this response
      correlated with the onset of habituation. Our results are consistent with the
      idea that cell 204 and cell 205 are part of the pathway that mediates swimming
      activity in response to light tactile stimulation of the leech body wall, and
      that habituation occurs, in part, as the result of reduced sensory input to this
      cell.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3711977
TI  - Quantification of membrane properties of trigeminal root ganglion neurons in
      guinea pigs.
AB  - Passive and active (voltage- and time-dependent) membrane properties of
      trigeminal root ganglion neurons of decerebrate guinea pigs have been determined
      using frequency-domain analyses of small-amplitude perturbations of membrane
      voltage. The complex impedance functions of trigeminal ganglion neurons were
      computed from the ratios of the fast Fourier transforms of the intracellularly
      recorded voltage response from the neuron and of the input current, which had a
      defined oscillatory waveform. The impedance magnitude functions and corresponding
      impedance locus diagrams were fitted with various membrane models such that the
      passive and active properties were quantified. The complex impedances of less
      than one-quarter of the 105 neurons which were investigated extensively could be
      described by the complex impedance function for a simple RC-electrical circuit.
      In such neurons, the voltage responses to constant-current pulses, using
      conventional bridge-balance techniques, could be fitted with single exponential
      curves, also suggesting passive membrane behavior. A nonlinear least-squares fit
      of the complex impedance function for the simple model to the experimentally
      observed complex impedance yielded estimates of the resistance of the electrode,
      and of input capacitance (range, 56 to 490 pF) and input resistance (range, 0.8
      to 30 M omega) of the neurons. The majority of trigeminal ganglion neurons were
      characterized by a resonance in the 50- to 250-Hz bandwidth of their impedance
      magnitude functions. Such neurons when injected with "large" hyperpolarizing
      current pulses using bridge-balance techniques showed membrane voltage responses
      that "sagged" (time-dependent rectification). Also, repetitive firing commonly
      occurred with depolarizing current pulses; this characteristic of neurons with
      resonance in their impedance magnitude functions was not observed in neurons with
      "purely" passive membrane behavior. A nonlinear least-squares fit of a five
      parameter impedance fitting function based on a membrane model to the impedance
      locus diagram of a neuron with resonance yielded estimates of its membrane
      properties: input capacitance, the time-invariant part of the conductance, the
      conductance activated by the small oscillatory input current, and the relaxation
      time constant for this conductance. The ranges of the estimates for input
      capacitance and input resistance were comparable to the ranges of corresponding
      properties derived for neurons exhibiting "purely" passive behavior.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3711978
TI  - Dose-response analysis of effects of antibodies to large ganglion cells on the
      cat's retinogeniculate pathways.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that antibodies against large retinal ganglion cells
      (alpha-/Y-cells) reduce the Y-cell retinogeniculate pathway while having little
      or no effect on the X- or W-cell pathways. The present study investigated the
      dose-response relationship of these effects. We began by studying effects on the
      T1 (largely Y-cell-mediated) and T2 (largely X-cell-mediated) waves of the
      retinal field-potential. Different concentrations of the antibodies were injected
      intraocularly in adult cats and retinal field-potentials evoked by optic chiasm
      stimulation were examined. The lowest concentration of immune serum tested (330
      micrograms/100 microliter volume) reduced both the T1 and T2 amplitudes. With
      increasing concentrations, the ratio of T1:T2 amplitudes progressively decreased
      from 0.71 to only 0.05. The highest concentration of immune serum tested (1000
      micrograms/100 microliter volume) virtually eliminated the T1 wave while the T2
      wave remained (albeit reduced). Next, we carried out single-cell physiological
      and morphological studies to verify the effects of the highest antibody
      concentration and compare them with previous results on effects of the lowest
      antibody concentration (Kornguth et al., 1982; Spear et al., 1982). In single
      cell recordings from the retina, the encounter rates of Y- and X-cells were
      reduced by 85 and 53%, respectively, after injection of the highest antibody
      concentration. There was no effect on the encounter rate of retinal W-cells.
      After injection of the lowest antibody concentration, there was no change in the
      encounter rates of any of the retinal cell types. Morphological studies revealed
      an 88-99% loss of alpha-cells in retinae treated with the highest antibody
      concentration. There also was a substantial (24-57%) loss of medium-size ganglion
      cells but no loss of small ganglion cells. The loss of alpha-cells was much
      greater after high-concentration injections than after low-concentration
      injections. In recordings from the LGN, the proportion of Y-cells was reduced by
      87% in laminae receiving input from an eye injected with the highest antibody
      concentration. Laminae receiving input from an eye injected with the lowest
      concentration had a 77% reduction in Y-cells. The encounter rate of LGN X-cells
      was not affected by either concentration. Morphological analysis indicated that
      the loss of Y-cells in the LGN was not due to changes in cell size. These
      findings indicate that antibody-mediated effects on retinogeniculate pathways are
      dose-dependent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3711979
TI  - Effect of a uniform partial denervation of the periphery on the peripheral and
      central vibrissal system in guinea pigs.
AB  - In some rodents, somatotopically organized architectonic patterns corresponding
      precisely to the arrangement of the vibrissae on the face are found in each of
      the central stations of the trigeminal (V) pathway. Two lines of evidence
      indicate that these architectonic patterns reflect the level of peripheral
      innervation. First, in normal mice, the sizes of the individual units within the
      cortical representation are proportional to the number of fibers supplying the
      corresponding vibrissal follicles. Second, complete surgical denervation of
      groups of vibrissae can severely attenuate the sizes of and alter the patterns of
      their central representations. However, previous studies in this system do not
      distinguish the effects of the absolute and the relative levels of peripheral
      innervation on central representations. To address this question, we have studied
      guinea pigs in which all vibrissae are partially deafferentated before birth by
      fetal exposure to antibodies against NGF. This approach reduces the absolute
      level of peripheral innervation in a graded way, and does so uniformly, without
      changing the pattern of vibrissal innervation. In the most severely affected
      animals, only 18% of the normal number of V ganglion neurons survive. The effect
      of this loss on the V system was assessed by comparing the peripheral and central
      components of the vibrissal system in normal and NGF-deprived animals. Peripheral
      fibers from the V ganglion neurons, including those to the vibrissae, are less
      reduced in number (50%) than expected. The number of peripheral fiber fascicles
      is also decreased. In contrast, neither the patterns nor the areas of the central
      representations in medulla and cortex differ from those of normal animals. We
      conclude that 18% of the normal number of V ganglion cells is sufficient to
      establish normal central architectonic patterns and the size of the central
      vibrissal representations is independent of the absolute magnitude of peripheral
      innervation. These observations are of relevance to understanding the role of NGF
      on the morphogenesis of central somatosensory pathways, the effects of
      "mismatches" between peripheral innervation, and the development of projections
      to central targets in the mammalian brain, and provide new data for understanding
      competitive interactions in the developing central and peripheral trigeminal
      system.

PMID- 3711980
TI  - Orientation selectivity of synaptic potentials in neurons of cat primary visual
      cortex.
AB  - Neurons of the visual cortex of the cat were penetrated with intracellular
      electrodes and postsynaptic potentials evoked by visual stimuli recorded. By
      alternately polarizing the cell with steady current injected through the
      recording electrode, IPSPs and EPSPs could be recorded and analyzed
      independently. Hyperpolarizing current suppressed IPSPs and enhanced EPSPs by
      moving the membrane potential toward the IPSP equilibrium potential. Depolarizing
      the cell toward the EPSP equilibrium potential enhanced IPSP. The responses to
      electrical stimulation of the LGN, where EPSPs and IPSPs could be distinguished
      easily by virtue of their characteristic latencies and shapes, were used to set
      the current injection to the appropriate level to view the two types of synaptic
      potential. EPSPs were found to be well oriented in that maximal depolarizing
      responses could be evoked at only one stimulus orientation; rotating the stimulus
      orientation in either direction produced a fall in the EPSP response. IPSPs were
      also well tuned to orientation, and invariably the preferred orientations of
      EPSPs and IPSPs in any one cell were identical. In addition, no systematic
      difference in the width of tuning of the two types of potential was seen. This
      result has been obtained from penetrations of over 30 cortical cells, including
      those with simple and complex receptive fields. It is concluded that orientation
      of cortical receptive fields is neither created nor sharpened by inhibition
      between neurons with different orientation preference. The function of inhibition
      evoked simultaneously with excitation by optimally oriented stimuli has yet to be
      determined, though it is likely to be the mechanism underlying other cortical
      receptive field properties, such as direction selectivity and end-stopping.

PMID- 3711981
TI  - Amplitude modulation of the soleus H-reflex in the human during walking and
      standing.
AB  - Experiments were done to determine the amplitude of the monosynaptically mediated
      H-reflex of the soleus muscle at various phases of the step cycle, using a
      computer-based analysis procedure. In all subjects tested the amplitude of the H
      reflex was strongly modulated in amplitude during the walking cycle and was
      highest during the stance phase. In many subjects the peak reflex amplitude
      occurred at about the same time as the peak soleus electromyographic (EMG)
      activity, but in others it occurred earlier. The form of the reflex variation
      (i.e., envelope of H-reflex amplitude versus phase in cycle) during the step
      cycle could also be quite different from that of the EMG produced during
      stepping. At an equal stimulus strength and EMG level, the H-reflex was always
      much larger, up to 3.5 X, during steadily maintained contractions while standing
      than during walking. The large reflexes when subjects were standing are
      consistent with the control of position required to maintain a stable posture in
      this task. Similarly, the reflexes during walking are greatest during the stance
      phase, when they will assist in maintaining the upright position of the body
      against gravity. The reflexes are smallest during the swing phase when they would
      oppose ankle flexion. However, since the reflex amplitude is task-dependent
      (i.e., greater during standing than during walking at the same EMG and stimulus
      levels) and is not always closely related to the EMG produced during a given task
      such as walking, the strong modulation of H-reflex during walking is not simply a
      passive consequence of the alpha-motoneuron excitation level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3711982
TI  - Classical conditioning of Hermissenda: origin of a new response.
AB  - Training of the marine snail Hermissenda crassicornis with paired light and
      rotation was previously shown to result in acquisition and retention of a
      behavioral change with many features characteristic of vertebrate associative
      learning. Here, this behavioral change is demonstrated to be classical, Pavlovian
      like conditioning. A new response to light is formed (the CR) that is pairing
      specific and resembles the unconditioned response (UCR) to rotation. The
      conditioned and unconditioned responses are relatively rapid, occurring within
      seconds of the onset of light or rotation stimuli, and correspond to pairing
      specific reductions in speed during the same time period. Since the CR is
      independent of the presentation of rotation, and it is also expressed by the same
      effector system (the foot) responsible for the UCR, light stimulation has assumed
      some of the functional character of rotation.

PMID- 3711983
TI  - Behavioral development in the absence of neural activity: effects of chronic
      immobilization on amphibian embryos.
AB  - Embryos of Xenopus laevis and Ambystoma mexicanum were continually immobilized
      from premotile stages of development to stages at which normally reared embryos
      were swimming well. Immobilization was achieved through exposure to solutions of
      chloretone, lidocaine, or alpha-bungarotoxin. At a number of stages after
      recovery from the drugs, spontaneous and stimulated behaviors were extensively
      quantified. Immobilization of Ambystoma embryos resulted in temporary defects in
      musculoskeletal development. In contrast, treated Xenopus embryos could not be
      distinguished from controls by simple visual observation within minutes to hours
      after removal from the drug solutions. Quantifications of behavior revealed,
      however, a transient period of 24-48 hr during which treated embryos exhibited
      consistently reduced measures of stimulated swimming, while showing an increase
      in frequency of spontaneous movements. Detailed behavioral testing could detect
      no permanent effects of chronic immobilization in either species after this
      initial period of recovery. The results are discussed in reference to the classic
      works of Harrison (1904), Carmichael (1926, 1927), and Matthews and Detwiler
      (1926).

PMID- 3711984
TI  - Anatomical and physiological development of the Xenopus embryonic motor system in
      the absence of neural activity.
AB  - Embryos of Xenopus laevis were continually immobilized by immersion in solutions
      of either chloretone or lidocaine, from the late neural-fold stage to the
      approximate time of hatching. Such treatment has been shown to result in only
      transient quantitative effects on swimming behavior. Chronic immobilization was
      without either immediate or long-term effect on the ventral root output exhibited
      during "fictive" swimming episodes. Development under these conditions of
      diminished or absent neural activity similarly had no effects on a number of
      measures of the size and complexity of motoneuron dendritic arborizations. These
      results support the premise that the early development of specific neuronal
      morphology and connectivity may be largely independent of functional activity.

PMID- 3711985
TI  - A time-comparison circuit in the electric fish midbrain. II. Functional
      morphology.
AB  - The weakly electric fish Eigenmannia is able to detect temporal disparities as
      small as 400 nsec between two signals from different parts of the body surface
      (Carr et al., 1986). The elements of this time-comparison circuit have been
      identified by EM reconstruction of its component cells. Information about the
      timing of the zero-crossing of signals on each area of the body surface is coded
      in phase-coder receptors, a subset of tuberous electroreceptors. Electroreceptors
      on the body surface are innervated by primary afferents with their central
      termination on the spherical cells of the medullary electrosensory lateral line
      lobe. These cells project to lamina VI of the midbrain torus, a structure similar
      to the inferior colliculus. Afferents entering lamina VI form a very restricted
      terminal arbor in which they synapse on the three cell types of this lamina. Each
      afferent makes gap-junction synapses on one or two giant cell somata and
      morphologically mixed synapses on the distal dendrites of two types of small
      cell. The afferent terminals thus encode the timing of the electric signal on a
      local patch of the body surface, forming a somatotopic map of the body surface in
      lamina VI. The giant cells are adendritic and their axonal arbor is such as to
      distribute timing information originating from one part of the body surface
      throughout lamina VI, so that each region of lamina VI receives information about
      the timing of zero-crossings from the entire body surface from giant cells, as
      well as information from a local portion of the body surface from the afferent
      terminals. The giant cells terminate exclusively on the cell bodies of the small
      cells of lamina VI, shown to be sensitive to small temporal disparities by
      Heiligenberg and Rose (1985). Thus, each small cell receives a single synapse on
      its soma from a giant cell that conveys phase-coding information from some
      portion of the body surface and receives local phase-coding input onto its
      dendrites from spherical cell afferents. The sensitivity of the small cells to
      temporal disparities appears to be conferred by their segregation of inputs from
      two different parts of the body surface onto dendrites and soma, respectively. We
      propose that the dendritic input acts as a delay line, and the small cell fires
      maximally when the inputs from the dendrites and the giant cell input onto the
      soma coincide.

PMID- 3711986
TI  - Development of glutamic acid decarboxylase immunoreactivity in the cat's lateral
      geniculate nucleus.
AB  - The development of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) immunoreactivity in the
      cat's dorsal LGN was studied during fetal and postnatal life. In the adult,
      inhibitory interactions within the LGN are known to be mediated by GABA. Here we
      have used an antiserum to GAD, the rate-limiting synthetic enzyme for GABA, to
      examine the development of the anatomical substrate for this inhibitory system.
      The pattern of immunostaining observed in the adult cat LGN was similar to that
      reported by Fitzpatrick et al. (1984), with heavily stained somata and proximal
      dendrites located within the LGN layers and the adjacent perigeniculate nucleus
      (PGN). The LGN also contained a complex array of terminal staining. In
      development, specific staining was seen about 2 weeks before birth and was
      confined to PGN somata and, to a lesser extent, to somata located in the future
      ventral C-layers. A similar pattern of immunostaining was seen using GABA
      antiserum. Not until birth did the A-layers of the LGN show appreciable staining
      of both somata and terminals; however, even then the pattern of immunostaining
      was far from mature. Furthermore, excessive numbers of PGN neurons appeared to
      stain. By 5 weeks after birth, the intensity of both soma and terminal staining
      within the A-layers of the LGN increased substantially relative to that of the
      PGN and ventral C-layers. The first glomerular clusters of terminal staining
      could also be seen, and the number of stained PGN neurons had diminished to
      levels similar to those seen in the adult. The pattern of immunostaining was
      almost adultlike by 2 months after birth, except within the C-complex, where the
      staining did not yet show the distinct difference in staining intensity present
      in the adult between dorsal layer C and ventral layers C1 and C2. The final adult
      pattern of GAD immunoreactivity appeared by 3 months after birth. These results
      suggest that during fetal life the PGN and ventral C-layers of the LGN may supply
      the first source of GABA-mediated inhibition to the nucleus, with the major
      portion of the inhibition supplied by intrinsic LGN neurons arising postnatally.
      Thus, PGN neurons may provide part of the anatomical substrate for the inhibitory
      interactions seen physiologically during late fetal development (Shatz and
      Kirkwood, 1984). Finally, the relatively late appearance of the adultlike pattern
      of GAD immunostaining suggests that intrageniculate inhibitory circuitry
      continues to develop well after birth.

PMID- 3711987
TI  - Opioid antagonist (naltrexone) modulation of cerebellar development: histological
      and morphometric studies.
AB  - The role of endogenous opioid systems in preweaning cerebellar development was
      explored in rats utilizing naltrexone, a potent opioid antagonist. Sprague-Dawley
      rats were given daily subcutaneous injections of either 1 or 50 mg/kg naltrexone
      to invoke a temporary or complete blockade, respectively, of opioid receptors
      throughout the first 3 weeks of postnatal life; animals injected with sterile
      water served as controls. At weaning (day 21), macroscopic, morphometric, and
      histological determinations were conducted. In general, 50 mg/kg naltrexone had a
      stimulatory action on cerebellar development, whereas 1 mg/kg naltrexone had an
      inhibitory influence. Both sexes were affected comparably. Limits to naltrexone's
      ability to modulate cerebellar ontogeny were noted, with more latitude existing
      toward growth enhancement than impairment. The temporal course of ontogeny was
      generally unaltered in naltrexone-treated rats. Rather, only events that
      transpired over this period were dramatically affected. The most notable effects
      in 1 mg/kg naltrexone rats were marked decreases in cerebellar areal dimensions,
      the content of internal granule neurons, and cellular and tissue differentiation.
      Characteristics of the 50 mg/kg naltrexone group included increases in cerebellar
      areal dimensions, neural cell number, content, and size, and structural changes
      consistent with acceleration in growth and differentiation. Naltrexone influenced
      both neurons and glia, but only neural cells still being generated during the
      first 21 d after birth were altered in regard to quantity. Previous evidence has
      shown the presence of peak levels of endogenous opioids and opioid receptors in
      the cerebellum during the first weeks of life, as well as demonstrating the
      presence of enkephalin immunoreactivity on germinative cerebellar cells during
      postnatal neurogenesis but not in adult counterparts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3711988
TI  - Relative effectiveness of C primary afferent fibers of different origins in
      evoking a prolonged facilitation of the flexor reflex in the rat.
AB  - Changes in the excitability of the hamstring flexor withdrawal reflex produced by
      conditioning stimuli applied to C-afferent fibers of different origins have been
      examined in the decerebrate spinal rat. In the absence of conditioning stimuli,
      the flexor reflex elicited by a standard suprathreshold mechanical stimulus to
      the toes is stable when tested repeatedly for hours. Three categories of
      conditioning stimuli have been used in an attempt to modify the excitability of
      the flexor reflex; electrical stimulation of a cutaneous (sural) nerve or a
      muscle (gastrocnemius-soleus) nerve at C-fiber strength; the application of
      mustard oil, a chemical irritant that activates chemosensitive C-afferents, to
      the skin or injected intramuscularly and intraarticularly; and the indirect
      activation of high-threshold muscle afferents by fused tetanic contractions of
      the tibial muscles. Conditioning stimuli of an intensity sufficient to activate C
      afferent fibers result in a heterosynaptic facilitation of the flexor
      motoneuronal response to the standard test input, which lasts from 3 min to more
      than 3 hr, depending on the stimulus and the C-afferents activated. Pretreatment
      of the sciatic nerve with the C-fiber neurotoxin capsaicin abolishes all the
      postconditioning facilitations, which is an indication that it is likely that it
      is C-afferents that are primarily responsible for the facilitatory effects of the
      conditioning stimuli, although some A delta afferents may contribute. Capsaicin
      pretreatment does not modify the reflex response to the test stimulus. The most
      prolonged increase in the excitability of the flexor reflex resulted from
      intraarticular injections of 5 microliter mustard oil. Using the subsequent
      injection of lignocaine intraarticulary, it was found that the prolonged
      facilitation of the reflex is triggered by the afferent input generated by the
      conditioning stimulus and does not require an ongoing input for its maintenance.
      These results indicate that there is a spectrum of central changes in the
      stimulus response relations of the spinal cord resulting from the activation of C
      fibers of different origins. The prolonged duration of some of these changes
      means that the peripheral activation of C-afferents will modify the functional
      response of the spinal cord to other inputs applied long after the conditioning
      input, and this may be responsible for some of the sensory and motor alterations
      found after peripheral tissue injury.

PMID- 3711989
TI  - Characterization of the binding and internalization of tetanus toxin in a
      neuroblastoma hybrid cell line.
AB  - Tetanus toxin is known to bind neuronal tissue selectively. To study the
      interactions of this potent neurotoxin in an intact cell system, the binding of
      125I-tetanus toxin was characterized in a neuroblastoma retina hybrid cell line,
      N18-RE-105. The binding of 125I-tetanus toxin to membranes prepared from N18-RE
      105 cells showed many similarities to the interactions of 125I-toxin with rat
      synaptic membranes. The binding was decreased with increasing temperature, ionic
      strength, and pH. 125I-Toxin bound to membranes with high affinity: KD = 0.62 +/-
      0.05 nM; Bmax = 196 +/- 45 pmol/mg protein. Quantitative thin-layer
      chromatography and acid-degradation analysis revealed that N18-RE-105 cells
      contained polysialogangliosides GD1a and GT1b in high concentrations. An assay
      was developed to quantitate surface-bound and internalized 125I-tetanus toxin by
      exploiting the observation that surface-bound 125I-toxin is susceptible to
      pronase digestion. When cells were incubated with 125I-tetanus toxin at 0 degree
      C, all of the bound 125I-toxin could be degraded with pronase. In contrast, when
      the incubations were performed at 37 degrees C, within 10 min about 50% of the
      total cell-associated 125I-toxin was pronase-resistant. Temperature pulse
      experiments demonstrated that 125I-tetanus toxin that was bound to cells at 0
      degree C rapidly disappeared from the surface when the cells were warmed to 37
      degrees C, as revealed by the appearance of pronase-resistant radioactivity. This
      internalization was sensitive to metabolic inhibitors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3711990
TI  - Amplitude modulation of EPSPs in motoneurons in response to a frequency-modulated
      train in single la afferent fibers.
AB  - In anesthetized cats, single group Ia fibers were activated with a train of 52
      stimuli whose interspike intervals were obtained from the discharge of a group Ia
      fiber in a walking cat (courtesy of Dr. G. E. Loeb, NIH). The EPSPs recorded in
      motoneurons to which the afferents projected were averaged in register (EPSP1,
      EPSP2, ..., EPSP52) in response to multiple presentations of the train at a rate
      (0.77 Hz) similar to the stepping rate of the cat. Amplitudes of these averaged
      EPSPs were found to be highly variable, depending both on afferent discharge rate
      and history of activation. The initial EPSP was generally potentiated, and EPSPs
      in the high-frequency (greater than 200 Hz) middle portion of the train were
      generally reduced in amplitude. Connections at which the first EPSP was most
      potentiated tended to be those which showed the most depression of EPSP amplitude
      during the high-frequency portion of the train. Thus, at some connections,
      modulation of EPSP amplitude during the frequency-modulated train was much
      greater than at other connections. In general, the extent of modulation was
      greater on low-rheobase motoneurons than on high-rheobase motoneurons. We suggest
      that these differences in transmission permit type S (i.e., low-rheobase)
      motoneurons, which on average generate the largest EPSPs, to reach threshold at
      low levels of input (size principle) but prevent excessive depolarization due to
      temporal summation during high-frequency stimulation.

PMID- 3711991
TI  - DARPP-32, a dopamine- and adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-regulated phosphoprotein:
      regional, tissue, and phylogenetic distribution.
AB  - Rabbit antisera and mouse monoclonal antibodies have been prepared to bovine
      DARPP-32 (dopamine- and adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-regulated phosphoprotein,
      Mr = 32,000), and used to study its regional, tissue, and phylogenetic
      distributions. The antibodies, none of which distinguished between dephospho
      DARPP-32 and phospho-DARPP-32, were characterized and used to develop a sensitive
      and specific radioimmunoassay for DARPP-32. The radioimmunoassay, in conjunction
      with immunolabeling of SDS/PAGE transfers and immunoprecipitation of
      phosphorylated tissue extracts, was used to measure immunoreactive DARPP-32 in
      microdissected regions of rat CNS, in peripheral nervous and non-nervous tissues,
      and in CNS tissue from various animal species. The distribution of DARPP-32 was
      generally consistent with the interpretation that it is localized primarily to
      dopaminoceptive cells that possess dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase (D-1
      dopamine receptors coupled to adenylate cyclase). Within the rat CNS, DARPP-32
      was most highly concentrated in the basal ganglia. DARPP-32 was present in
      neostriatum from all six mammalian species tested (mouse, rat, guinea pig,
      rabbit, cow, and rhesus monkey) at concentrations of from 96 to 144 pmol/mg total
      protein, which constituted from 0.22 to 0.32% of the total protein. DARPP-32 was
      also identified at low levels in several peripheral tissues, including choroid
      plexus, parathyroid cells, adrenal chromaffin cells, posterior pituitary gland,
      pineal gland, and superior cervical sympathetic ganglion. A phylogenetic survey
      was carried out of proteins immunologically related to DARPP-32 in nervous tissue
      from nonmammalian species. DARPP-32-like proteins were identified in
      dopaminoceptive brain regions from representative members of the amniote
      vertebrate classes (birds and reptiles), while none was identified in
      dopaminoceptive brain regions from representative members of the anamniote
      vertebrate classes (bony fishes and amphibians) or in nervous tissue from
      representative members of several invertebrate classes.

PMID- 3711992
TI  - Learned changes of feeding behavior in Aplysia in response to edible and inedible
      foods.
AB  - Feeding behavior in Aplysia fasciata and A. oculifera is modified by pairing the
      behavior with reinforcing consequences. Successful and unsuccessful attempts to
      transfer food from the buccal cavity to the crop act as positive and negative
      reinforcers, respectively. A number of changes in feeding behavior occur as a
      result of pairing of feeding with the negative reinforcer: feeding responses
      become less effective in leading to the entry of food into the buccal cavity;
      when food does enter the buccal cavity, it exits sooner; swallowing responses
      after food entry are less likely to occur; Aplysia eventually cease responding to
      food. Pairing successful transfer of food into the crop with feeding behavior
      produces opposite effects. Behavioral change is specific to pairing, as shown by
      lack of change when reinforcement is explicitly unpaired with feeding behavior.
      Behavioral change is specific to foods with a particular taste and texture;
      generalization to alternate foods was not observed. In spite of cessation of
      feeding, animals remain aroused, as shown by low response latency to alternate
      foods. Memory of response change persists for at least 48 hr.

PMID- 3711993
TI  - Identification of the neural pathway for reinforcement of feeding when Aplysia
      learn that food is inedible.
AB  - Bilateral sectioning of the esophageal nerves that innervate the gut of Aplysia
      was found to have profound effect on response decrement to inedible food: Time to
      criterion for cessation of feeding was elevated, no memory of the decrement was
      present 24 hr after training, and motor patterning during training was altered.
      The parametric features of response decrement to sustained lip stimulation were
      examined to determine their resemblance to parameters of response decrement to
      inedible food after esophageal nerve sectioning. Parameters of response decrement
      were similar, indicating that after esophageal nerve sectioning response
      decrement is likely to be the result of sustained lip stimulation. Bilateral
      nerve sectioning had no effect on decrement due to sustained lip stimulation.
      Unilateral lesions and lesions of either of the two major divisions of the
      esophageal nerves had no effect on learning that food was inedible. The data
      indicate that bilateral nerve sectioning eliminates all stimuli causing negative
      reinforcement of feeding due to failure to consume food. Based on the data in
      this and the previous paper, a model is presented suggesting sites of action and
      mechanisms for learning that foods are edible or inedible in Aplysia.

PMID- 3711994
TI  - Determination of the molecular weight of neuronectin, a conditioned medium
      derived, substrate-binding neurite-extension factor: comparison with laminin
      using radiation-inactivation analysis.
AB  - Neurite outgrowth from a wide variety of peripheral neurons is stimulated and may
      be directed in culture by a substrate-binding factor(s) derived from medium
      conditioned over numerous types of cells. This factor, or family of factors,
      which we shall call neuronectin by reason of its ability to serve as an
      attachment molecule for neurons, has been studied by target-size analysis using
      radiation inactivation. The radiation-inactivation method has the unique
      advantage of providing a means for determining the actual functional size of a
      biologically active molecule irrespective of its state of purification. By this
      method, the functional size of the major neurite outgrowth-promoting activity
      (neuronectin) from mouse heart cell conditioned medium has been found to be
      350,000 Da. While neuronectin has not yet been purified, determination of the
      actual functional size provides a framework within which possible models must
      fit. Thus, although neurite outgrowth-promoting activity in this system is found
      to be associated with a complex containing laminin, fibronectin, heparan sulfate
      proteoglycan, and other extracellular matrix molecules, the total size of the
      functional molecule or molecular complex serving as the major source of activity
      is limited to 350,000 Da. Consequently, our results suggest that neuronectin from
      mouse heart cell-conditioned medium is different from laminin (Mr approximately
      900,000), a molecule that also exhibits neurite-promoting activity. In addition
      to the difference in molecular size, neuronectin and laminin differ in that
      laminin, unlike neuronectin, gives rise to toxic or inhibitory products when
      exposed to high-energy radiation.

PMID- 3711995
TI  - 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine lesions of crayfish serotonin-containing neurons: effect
      on the lateral giant escape reaction.
AB  - The crayfish's lateral giant escape response, a relatively simple behavioral
      reaction, is readily modulated in certain situations. For example, when a
      crayfish is restrained, its lateral giant (LG) fibers--command neurons that
      mediate the escape response--are strongly inhibited (Krasne and Wine, 1975).
      Previous work (Glanzman and Krasne, 1983) had suggested that serotonin (5-HT)
      might mediate this restraint-induced inhibition of the escape response. To test
      this possibility, we attempted to lesion serotonergic neurons in crayfish with
      the 5-HT neurotoxin, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT). We compared the levels of
      5-HT-immunoreactive staining in nerve cords from 5,7-DHT-treated and from normal
      crayfish to assess 5,7-DHT's effectiveness. Levels of immunoreactive staining, as
      judged by ratings of the visibility of immunofluorescence, were significantly
      lower in nerve cords from crayfish that had received injections of 5,7-DHT (1.0
      4.0 mg) than in nerve cords from normal crayfish. In addition, some serotonergic
      neurons in the neurotoxin-treated crayfish developed an abnormal brown
      pigmentation. To assess the behavioral consequence of central serotonergic
      lesions, we compared the responsiveness of escape in crayfish treated with 5,7
      DHT (2.0-2.75 mg) and in normal crayfish. The threshold for firing the LGs was
      significantly lower in restrained neurotoxin-treated animals than in restrained
      normal animals. Furthermore, the responsiveness of the LGs in neurotoxin-treated
      crayfish approximated that in crayfish whose nerve cords had been severed between
      the thorax and abdomen, a procedure known to abolish restraint-induced inhibition
      (Krasne and Wine, 1975).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3711996
TI  - Hippocampal long-lasting potentiation produced by pairing single volleys and
      brief conditioning tetani evoked in separate afferents.
AB  - Cooperative effects between afferents on the induction of long-lasting
      potentiation (LLP) of synaptic transmission were examined in the CA1 region of
      the hippocampal slice preparation. Synaptic activity was recorded extracellularly
      in the dendritic layer (stratum radiatum) as a field EPSP, and the amount of LLP
      produced was measured from the change in slope of the rising phase of this
      potential. Experiments were performed with the GABA antagonist picrotoxin in the
      bath solution in order to facilitate the induction of LLP. It is shown that under
      these conditions a test input evoked by single volleys (at 0.2 Hz) is potentiated
      when paired with brief tetani (2-15 impulses at 50 Hz) to a separate population
      of fibers in the stratum radiatum. For this potentiation to appear, the test
      input had to occur during the train or precede it by less than 40 msec. Maximal
      effects were observed with the test volley positioned in the early part of the
      tetanus, and were largely independent of train duration. The potentiation
      obtained in this manner reached a peak level after some 20 conjunction events,
      and its magnitude measured 10 min after conjunction was about half that which
      could be induced by homosynaptic tetanization. Prior homosynaptic potentiation
      occluded the potentiation induced by conjunction, suggesting an identity of their
      underlying mechanisms. A test input to the apical dendritic layer was potentiated
      also by inputs to the basal dendritic layer, although greater effects were
      observed with both inputs in the same dendritic layer. It is suggested that the
      conditioning effect is related to the postsynaptic depolarization created by the
      tetanus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3711998
TI  - Gradient of extrajunctional acetylcholine receptors early after denervation of
      mammalian muscle.
AB  - After denervation, the number of acetylcholine receptors (AChR) found within the
      endplate band of skeletal muscle increases transiently by about twofold. In this
      study, we used EM autoradiography to show that this increased endplate band label
      is not due to an elevated site density of receptors at the junctional folds.
      Rather, AChR site density within 500 microns of the endplate was found to be 4 X
      higher than in non-endplate areas defined as greater than 2 mm from the endplate.
      This nonuniform distribution of extrajunctional AChR early after denervation
      could represent a transient gradient, similar to that reported shortly after
      innervation during development.

PMID- 3711997
TI  - Multielectrode analysis of coordinated, multisite, rhythmic bursting in cultured
      CNS monolayer networks.
AB  - Laser-deinsulated, printed-circuit electrodes integrated into the floor of
      culture chambers have been used to monitor the spontaneous activity of mouse
      spinal monolayer cell cultures. This technique has allowed a multisite analysis
      of activity over long periods of time in closed chambers. In 63 cultures
      investigated 3-5 weeks after seeding, 89% included single- or multiunit bursting.
      Based on a subset of 40 cultures in which all electrodes were sequentially
      scanned, bursting was found on 41% of the active electrodes (approximately 38% of
      all units monitored). A total of 35% of the electrodes monitoring spontaneous
      bursting activity revealed rhythmic sequences that were usually coupled among
      multiple electrodes. Although most of this coupling was in-phase, three out of 40
      cultures exhibited antiphasic bursting. In all cases where coupling was observed,
      each electrode monitored different burst compositions, demonstrating that the
      activity was generated by different units. Some rhythmic patterns persisted for
      over 12 hr and were observed in 400 mm2 monolayer cultures, as well as in much
      smaller 3 mm2 adhesion islands. The addition of 10 mM MgCl2 consistently blocked
      both random and patterned (i.e., bursting) spontaneous activity at all recording
      sites. Strychnine (10(-6) M) typically increased firing frequencies and either
      disrupted pretest bursting or generated rhythmic activity from random phasic
      patterns. In certain cases, strychnine also blocked activity on specific
      electrodes, indicating that glycine is not the only inhibitory transmitter
      involved. The spontaneous appearance of rhythmic activity in low-density,
      monolayer cell cultures established from dissociated and randomly seeded spinal
      tissue can be explained by one or a combination of two hypotheses: an inherent
      specificity of some interconnections in developing mammalian cultures and the
      generation of organized activity by random circuits at certain stages of
      complexity.

PMID- 3711999
TI  - Development and loss of early projections in a sexually dimorphic rat spinal
      nucleus.
AB  - The spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus (SNB) contains 3-4 times more
      motoneurons in adult male rats compared to females. This large dimorphism in
      motoneuron number is produced perinatally by an androgen-regulated cell death. To
      determine if the early projections of the SNB to its target musculature may be
      involved in the creation of this sexual dimorphism, and how these projections
      might interact with androgens, HRP tracing techniques were used to retrogradely
      label SNB motoneurons during prenatal and postnatal development in males,
      females, and masculinized females. HRP labeling revealed that the prenatal
      formation of early projections of the SNB in males and females is comparable. SNB
      motoneuron number increases through the day before birth in all groups, and
      during this increase, labeled cells can be seen outside the SNB, which we
      hypothesize are in the process of migrating into the SNB from the lateral
      motoneuron column. Postnatally, SNB motoneuron number declines, especially in
      females, and by postnatal day 10 the sexual dimorphism in cell number and
      projections has been established. These results indicate that although masculine
      androgen levels are critical in determining SNB motoneuron survival, they are not
      necessary for initial axon outgrowth of SNB motoneurons. However, androgens may
      be involved in the regulation of SNB motoneuron migration and the stabilization
      of the peripheral projections of the SNB. Both male and female SNB motoneuron
      axons are present at their target muscles during the time in which sex
      differences in motoneuron number develop, suggesting that the interaction of SNB
      motoneurons with their targets could be involved in the dimorphic regulation of
      cell survival.

PMID- 3712000
TI  - Localization of 3H-GABA, -muscimol, and -glycine in goldfish retinas stained for
      glutamate decarboxylase.
AB  - Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), the synthesizing enzyme for the
      neurotransmitter GABA, has been localized in goldfish retina using a new
      antiserum. We observed at least six types of GAD-immunoreactive amacrine cells,
      one of which was large and pyriform (Ab type). In addition, immunoreactive
      synaptic terminals were located throughout the inner plexiform layer (IPL).
      Amacrine cells that were GAD-immunoreactive also had high-affinity uptake
      mechanisms for both 3H-GABA and 3H-muscimol that were detectable
      autoradiographically. Type Ab pyriform amacrine cells were heavily labeled
      because of 3H-GABA uptake and were GAD-immunoreactive. Other types of GAD
      immunoreactive amacrine cells, including a subpopulation of Ab amacrines, were
      lightly labeled because of 3H-GABA uptake. Because the same neurons that were GAD
      immunoreactive also accumulated 3H-GABA and 3H-muscimol, these three are
      appropriate markers for GABAergic cells in the goldfish retina. However, the
      uptake of 3H-muscimol by many non-GAD-immunoreactive cells, detectable at longer
      autoradiographic exposure times, indicates that this label must be used with
      caution. Thirty percent of goldfish retinal amacrine cells are GABAergic, and
      their processes are distributed throughout all levels of the IPL. Few GAD
      immunoreactive amacrine cells accumulated 3H-glycine, so the goldfish retina
      contains distinct populations of glycinergic and GABAergic amacrine cells.

PMID- 3712001
TI  - Age-related fiber order in the ferret's optic nerve and optic chiasm.
AB  - Although the mammalian optic tract shows a grouping of fibers by age, with newer
      fibers nearer the pial surface, the possible rules for fiber ordering in the
      mammalian optic nerve have not been well defined. In this study, preferential
      labeling of the older retinal fibers in the ferret, a close relative of the cat,
      shows that the age-related fiber order in the ferret's optic tract reflects a
      systematic sorting of fibers by age that occurs in the optic nerve, and that is
      maintained through the optic chiasm. The older retinofugal fibers, dispersed
      throughout the nerve near the retina, come to be limited to the perimeter of the
      nerve as it passes through the optic foramen, while newer fibers come to lie
      nearest the center of the nerve. These newest fibers approach the ventral surface
      of the brain nearer the optic chiasm. In the chiasm, as in the tract, the oldest
      fibers lie furthest from the pial surface of the brain, while newer fibers lie
      nearer the surface. The age-related fiber ordering in the ferret's optic nerve,
      with the newest fibers initially being furthest from the surface at the optic
      foramen, differs from age-related orderings seen in nonmammalian vertebrates,
      where the newest fibers are always nearest the surface. The changing patterns of
      fiber ordering along the ferret's optic nerve may relate to changes in the
      underlying glial structure of the developing nerve.

PMID- 3712002
TI  - Preference for autogenous song by auditory neurons in a song system nucleus of
      the white-crowned sparrow.
AB  - Neuronal activity in the hyperstriatum ventrale, pars caudale (HVc) is associated
      with and necessary for the production of song by songbirds. HVc neurons also
      respond to acoustic stimuli. The present investigation assessed the auditory
      response properties of neurons in HVc by testing with the individual bird's own
      (autogenous) song and the songs of conspecific birds. Throughout HVc, multiunit
      clusters preferentially responded to autogenous song. Selectivity for autogenous
      song was apparent even when compared to similar intradialect songs, and neuronal
      clusters preferred autogenous song over the (tutor) song model that birds heard
      during the impressionable phase early in life. The responses to autogenous song
      were stable in the adult. HVc neurons were sensitive to the acoustic parameters
      of autogenous song and consistently exhibited a diminished response to modified
      song. In contrast, field L neurons, which are presumed to be a source of auditory
      input to HVc, did not exhibit selectivity for autogenous song and showed no
      special sensitivity to the acoustic parameters of autogenous song. These
      observations implicate song (motor) learning in shaping the response properties
      of HVc, but not field L, auditory neurons. It is proposed that HVc auditory
      neurons may contribute to a bird's ability to discriminate among conspecific
      songs by acting as an "autogenous reference" during perception of those songs.

PMID- 3712003
TI  - Metabolic changes in deafferented central neurons of an insect, Acheta
      domesticus. II. Effects on cholinergic binding sites and acetylcholinesterase.
AB  - Following the finding that cercal deafferentation of developing giant
      interneurons in the terminal abdominal ganglion (TG) of the cricket Acheta
      domesticus reduces TG protein metabolism within target interneuron dendrites and
      somata (Meyer and Edwards, 1982), it is now shown that deafferentation alters the
      turnover of three macromolecules associated with cholinergic transmission in the
      cercal sensory-giant interneuron pathway. The labeled specific ligands 3H
      quinuclidinyl benzilate and 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin were used to assay
      populations of putative TG muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic receptors,
      respectively, in control and deafferented groups of ganglia. The AChE activity of
      TG was also determined by assay and histochemical methods. Long-term
      deafferentation sustained throughout postembryonic development markedly reduces
      the densities of both muscarinic and nicotinic binding sites in the TG; short
      term deafferentation of adult TG also leads to characteristic alterations in the
      properties of all three cholinergic markers within several days. Rapid changes
      seen in adults thus correlate with ultrastructural data demonstrating loss of
      afferent terminals within hours of sensory appendage removal. We propose that
      peripheral innervation-dependent regulatory mechanisms operate in both the
      developing and adult insect nervous system. Such mechanisms may influence
      transsynaptically the synthesis and turnover of specific macromolecules, some of
      which may reside on the cell surface of insect central neurons that are part of
      the cercal sensory-giant interneuron system.

PMID- 3712004
TI  - Vasopressin mRNA regulation in individual hypothalamic nuclei: a northern and in
      situ hybridization analysis.
AB  - The present study examines the relative levels of vasopressin (AVP) mRNA within
      the paraventricular (PVN), supraoptic (SON), and suprachiasmatic (SCN) nuclei of
      the rat hypothalamus, and details the rates at which these levels change over the
      course of a 6 d salt-loading regimen. The quantitation of vasopressin mRNA was
      achieved by using three different procedures: (1) cell-free translation in rabbit
      reticulocyte lysate or (2) Northern analysis of poly(A)RNAs isolated from micro
      punch dissected SON, PVN, and SCN, and (3) in situ hybridization histochemistry.
      The former involved the quantitative immunoprecipitation of the neurophysin
      precursors containing arginine8-vasopressin (AVP) or oxytocin, and the latter two
      techniques employed a radiolabeled synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide complementary
      to the 3' region of the AVP mRNA. Both the cell-free studies and the Northern gel
      analyses detected a sevenfold increase of AVP mRNA in the SON, a fivefold
      increase in the PVN, and no significant change in the SCN following 6 d of salt
      loading. After the initiation of salt-drinking, these increases were shown to
      occur between 24 and 48 hr in the SON and between 48 and 72 hr in the PVN. The in
      situ hybridization studies revealed the anatomically correct hybridization of
      either 32P- or 3H-labeled AVP oligonucleotide to magnocellular perikarya within
      both the SON and PVN. Autoradiographic grains could be shown to be confined to
      the cytoplasm of these cells, and could be co-localized with immunoreactivity
      directed against the carboxy terminus of the AVP percursor. Comparison of x-ray
      level autoradiograms of control and 6 day salt-loaded SON revealed up to a
      sevenfold increase in specific signal in the salt-loaded sections. It is
      concluded that the response of AVP mRNA to osmotic stimuli in the three
      hypothalamic nuclei is heterogeneous, and that this heterogeneity can be
      explained by separating AVP neurons into two systems: one responsible for
      eliciting the antidiuretic actions of AVP via plasma AVP levels, and the other
      involved in CNS activities not directly involved with antidiuresis.

PMID- 3712005
TI  - Effects of interstimulus interval and contingency on classical conditioning of
      the Aplysia siphon withdrawal reflex.
AB  - The siphon withdrawal reflex of Aplysia undergoes differential classical
      conditioning with cutaneous stimulation of the siphon or mantle shelf as the
      discriminative conditioned stimuli (CS+ and CS-) and shock to the tail as the
      unconditioned stimulus (US). The reflex has proved to be useful for analyzing the
      neural mechanisms of conditioning. To test the generality of this experimental
      system, we have begun to compare the properties of conditioning in Aplysia with
      those of conditioning in vertebrates. We first examined the effect of the
      interstimulus interval (ISI) by varying the time between presentation of the CS+
      and the US in different groups of animals. Significant differential conditioning
      was obtained when the onset of the CS+ preceded the onset of the US by 0.5 sec,
      and marginal conditioning was obtained when the ISI was 1.0 sec. By contrast, no
      significant conditioning occurred when the CS+ preceded the US by 2, 5, or 10
      sec, when the onsets of the stimuli were simultaneous, or when US onset preceded
      the CS+ by 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 sec (backward conditioning). We next examined the
      effect of contingency by giving one group of animals normal differential
      conditioning, and a second group the same training but with additional USs
      inserted between the paired trials. Presentation of these additional USs reduced
      the degree to which the US was contingent on the CS+, but did not change the
      number of pairings. Animals receiving normal training again showed significant
      conditioning, whereas animals receiving additional USs showed no
      conditioning.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3712007
TI  - Integration and spike initiation in neuronal terminals.
AB  - Axoaxonal synapses impinge on the terminals of neurons and are thought to play a
      crucial role in the regulation of synaptic transmission. In the crayfish brain,
      the terminals of several identified interneurons exhibit both EPSPs and IPSPs in
      response to cephalic sensory stimulation. The terminal arbors extend into primary
      sensory neuropils near the terminals of primary afferent axons of the antennae
      and statocysts. The EPSPs arise monosynaptically from primary afferent
      stimulation and can elicit action potentials. Bidirectional conduction is
      routinely observed. Terminal IPSPs are transmitted via a polysynaptic pathway.
      Furthermore, two morphological classes of synaptic profiles impinge on the
      presynaptic terminals. These results indicate that the neuron terminal can
      function as a second, independent site of synaptic integration.

PMID- 3712006
TI  - Cooperative regulation of neurotensin content in PC12 pheochromocytoma cell
      cultures: effects of nerve growth factor, dexamethasone, and activators of
      adenylate cyclase.
AB  - Nerve growth factor, dexamethasone, and forskolin or cholera toxin (CT) act
      cooperatively to increase the content of neurotensin (NT) in PC12
      pheochromocytoma cells. Relatively small increases in NT content occur in the
      presence of NGF alone or dexamethasone alone, but not of forskolin or CT alone.
      Increases of 10- to 100-fold occur in the presence of NGF plus dexamethasone or
      NGF plus forskolin, and up to 600-fold increases occur in the presence of all
      three agents. These increases are extremely stable and persist for at least 2
      weeks after removal of dexamethasone or forskolin. The complex regulation of NT
      stores in PC12 cells might reflect mechanisms that regulate NT content of normal
      chromaffin cells and/or neurons during development or in adult life. A small
      amount of stored NT is released in response to stimulation with 52 mM K+. This
      release is blocked in the presence of 2 mM Co2+, suggesting that it occurs via
      Ca2+-mediated exocytosis.

PMID- 3712008
TI  - Microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) is present in astrocytes of the optic
      nerve but absent from astrocytes of the optic tract.
AB  - Using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining technique at the light- and electron
      microscope levels and two monoclonal antibodies against microtubule-associated
      protein 2 (MAP2), we found that astrocytes located at the periphery of the rat
      optic nerve were strongly stained, while those in the central region were very
      weakly stained. MAP2 immunoreactivity was present in astrocytes of the optic
      chiasm, but was absent from astrocytes in the optic tract. Inside astrocytes,
      MAP2 immunoreactivity was excluded from bundles of glial filaments. Treatment of
      animals with beta,beta'-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN), which caused axonal atrophy,
      enhanced the staining intensity of all optic nerve astrocytes. Axons and
      oligodendrocytes remained unstained. Using PAGE and Western immunoblots, we found
      that extracts from bovine optic nerve contained MAP2. Astrocytes in any other
      region of the nervous system were negative for MAP2 immunoreactivity, except of
      the pituicytes and the astrocytes of the fimbria of hippocampus. The optic nerve,
      neurohypophysis, and hippocampal fimbria are white matter tracts that travel
      unsupported and free of surrounding nervous tissue. These findings suggest that
      MAP2 is expressed in astrocytes that are under excessive mechanical stress and
      further indicate that MAP2 may function as a cytoskeletal rigidifying agent in
      certain cells.

PMID- 3712009
TI  - Long- and short-term monocular deprivation in the rhesus monkey: effects on
      visual fields and optokinetic nystagmus.
AB  - Monkeys with 1 eyelid sutured within 2 weeks of birth for 7 or 14 d (short-term
      monocular deprivation, n = 5) or for 18-26 months (long-term monocular
      deprivation, n = 5) were tested for visual and oculomotor function at
      approximately 2 years of age. Long-term monocularly deprived animals were
      behaviorally blind when visual inputs were restricted to the deprived eye. There
      was no sparing of the monocular segment of the visual field, and optokinetic
      nystagmus could not be elicited even with vertical stripes up to 15 degrees in
      width. These behavioral deficits could not be accounted for by optical or retinal
      abnormalities. In contrast, short-term monocularly deprived animals displayed
      normal visual fields and optokinetic nystagmus was driven by both eyes. Slow
      phase gain was reduced and directional asymmetries were observed when optokinetic
      stimulation was restricted to the deprived eye.

PMID- 3712010
TI  - Pioneer growth cone steering along a series of neuronal and non-neuronal cues of
      different affinities.
AB  - We have analyzed the morphology of over 5000 Ti1 pioneer growth cones labeled
      with anti-HRP, which reveals the disposition of axons, growth cone branches, and
      filopodia. Ti1 axon pathways typically consist of a sequence of 7
      characteristically oriented segments, with a single, distinct reorientation point
      between each segment. Growth cones exhibit the same orientations and
      reorientations in a given region as do axon segments at later stages. The single,
      distinct reorientations suggest that growth cones make discrete switches between
      guidance cues as they grow. Ti1 growth cones are guided by various types of cues.
      A set of 3 immature identified neurons serves as nonadjacent guidepost cells and
      lies at the proximal end of 3 of the axon segments. To form another segment,
      growth cones reorient along a limb segment boundary within the epithelium. Growth
      cones also respond consistently to, and orient toward, a specific mesodermal
      cell, which may be a muscle pioneer. Thus, growth cones respond to at least 3
      different types of cells in the leg. Ti1 growth cones exhibit a hierarchy of
      affinity for these cues. Guidepost neurons are the dominant cues in that contact
      with them reorients growth cones from guidance by the other types of cues. Growth
      cone branches are exclusively oriented to specific cues. Growth cones reorient by
      extending a branch directly to the cue of highest affinity and by withdrawing any
      branches that are extended to a cue of lesser affinity. A single filopodium in
      direct contact with a guidepost neuron can reorient a growth cone that still has
      multiple filopodia or even prominent branches specifically oriented to a previous
      cue of lesser affinity. These observations suggest that growth cone steering may
      not result simply from passive adhesion and filopodial traction, but may involve
      more active processes.

PMID- 3712011
TI  - Determinants of directional specificity in the regeneration of lamprey spinal
      axons.
AB  - The projection patterns of regenerating spinal axons in the larval sea lamprey
      (Petromyzon marinus) were determined by intracellular injection of HRP. Four
      hundred and eighty-six of 562 stained axons and axon-like neurites (87%) arising
      from Muller and Mauthner axons, giant interneurons, and dorsal cells terminated
      in an orientation similar to that of their counterpart control cells. Therefore,
      lamprey spinal axons regenerate selectively along their normal projection paths.
      During the first 4 weeks of recovery, i.e., before any had regenerated beyond the
      transection site, 91 of 114 axons and long neurites (80%) projected in the proper
      direction. Thus, the correctness of the final projection patterns did not result
      from selective retraction of randomly directed long neurites. When the cords were
      doubly transected 1 cm apart, orientation of regenerating neurites remained
      normal both within the 1 cm island and in the adjacent spinal cord. This suggests
      that the directional specificity of axonal regeneration was determined neither by
      the location of the scar nor by the availability of channels formed by the
      degenerating fibers. Finally, removing 1 cm of spinal cord eliminated potential
      synaptic targets for regenerating axons on either side of the lesion, but did not
      affect the direction of axonal growth. These findings are consistent with the
      hypothesis that the regeneration of lamprey spinal axons is guided by local
      chemical cues that persist long after the pathways are formed early in
      development.

PMID- 3712012
TI  - Central projections of identified Drosophila sensory neurons in relation to their
      time of development.
AB  - Eight sensory structures (campaniform sensilla), appearing identical in the light
      and scanning electron microscopes, are found in specific locations on the wings
      of Drosophila. Their axons enter one of 2 central tracts, a medial one or a
      lateral one. The topographic arrangement of the sensilla on the wing is not
      reflected in this central projection pattern. There is, however, a strict
      correlation between the time when a sensillum develops and the path its axon
      follows: The 4 sensilla whose axons form the medial projection are born and
      differentiate early during the development of the wing, while the other 4
      sensilla, all of which project laterally, arise during a second wave of
      differentiation. This time-related projection pattern remains stable in the face
      of a variety of genetically induced alterations in the precise number and
      location of sensilla.

PMID- 3712013
TI  - The effects of brain stem transections on the neuronal networks responsible for
      rhythmical jaw muscle activity in the guinea pig.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the critical areas of brain stem
      necessary for the production of cortically induced rhythmical jaw muscle activity
      (RJMs) in the anesthetized guinea pig. It was found that longitudinal midline
      transections of the lower brain stem starting at the obex and extending to the
      rostral third of the inferior olivary nucleus (IO) were able to abolish
      rhythmical EMG activity in the jaw-opener muscle (digastric) on the same side
      (ipsilateral) as the cortical stimulus. Under these conditions, rhythmical
      activity in the contralateral digastric (DIG) EMG was not affected. Midline
      transections extending from the rostral superior colliculus to 500 microns
      rostral to the trigeminal motor nucleus had no effect on cortically evoked
      bilateral DIG rhythmical EMG activity. Serial transverse hemisections of the left
      side of the medulla, starting at the obex and extending to the rostral third of
      the IO, reduced the amplitude of the left DIG EMG without producing significant
      effects in the cycle characteristics [cycle duration (CD) or burst duration (BD)]
      of that muscle during stimulation of the contralateral (right) cortex.
      Hemisections more rostral to the IO completely abolished bilateral rhythmical DIG
      activity induced by stimulation of the cortex on the side opposite to the
      transection (right cortex). Under these conditions, stimulation of the cortex on
      the side ipsilateral to the left hemisection (left cortex) initiated rhythmical
      EMG activity with normal cycle characteristics in only the contralateral (right)
      DIG muscle. Transverse hemisections as little as 500 microns rostral to the
      trigeminal motor nucleus (Mot V), which spared the pyramidal tract, had no effect
      on RJMs induced by stimulation of either cortex. These data suggest that each
      ipsilateral cortex initiates activity in neuronal oscillatory networks located
      exclusively in the contralateral brain stem; bilateral rhythmical DIG activity is
      produced by neurons in the contralateral brain stem; each side of the lower brain
      stem is capable of producing rhythmical DIG activity independent of the integrity
      of the other side; and the location of the neuronal oscillators responsible for
      RJMs is between the rostral IO and the trigeminal motor nucleus.

PMID- 3712014
TI  - A protein associated with axon growth, GAP-43, is widely distributed and
      developmentally regulated in rat CNS.
AB  - Development or regeneration of axons in several systems is accompanied by 20-100
      fold increases in the synthesis of an acidic, axonally transported membrane
      protein with an apparent molecular weight of 43-50,000 (Benowitz and Lewis, 1983;
      Skene and Willard, 1981a, b), which we designate GAP-43. We have proposed that
      some step(s) in axon growth require production of GAP-43, and perhaps a small
      number of other "growth-associated proteins," at rates much higher than those
      typical of mature neurons. This hypothesis predicts that virtually all neurons
      synthesize GAP-43 at elevated levels during normal CNS development. Here we show
      that a protein similar to GAP-43 from regenerating toad nerves is prominent among
      the newly synthesized (35S-methionine-labeled) and total (Coomassie blue-stained)
      proteins in neonatal rat cerebral cortex and cerebellum, suggesting that
      synthesis of GAP-43 is indeed a common feature of many developing neurons.
      Synthesis and accumulation of the protein decline an order of magnitude as
      animals mature. Antibodies raised against the rat cortex GAP-43 also recognize
      electrophoretically similar proteins from regenerating toad optic nerves and from
      developing hamster sensorimotor cortex, indicating that structural features of
      GAP-43 are conserved in evolution. Cell-free translation of polyadenylated RNA
      from neonatal and adult cortex suggests that developmental regulation of GAP-43
      synthesis is mediated largely through changes in mRNA abundance. These
      observations together suggest that developmental regulation of GAP-43 gene
      expression may be common to most vertebrate CNS neurons. GAP-43 remains
      detectable at a low level in adult rat cortex, and it co-migrates on two
      dimensional gels with B-50, a synaptic membrane protein which is a preferred
      substrate for protein kinase C in adult brains. Phosphorylation of the protein by
      endogenous kinase(s) in vitro is 4-7-fold greater in growth cone membranes than
      in mature synaptic membranes, which raises the possibility that local
      modification of the protein in axon terminals may be synergistic with regulation
      of GAP-43 synthesis in the cell body.

PMID- 3712016
TI  - Cruciate paralysis. Case report.
AB  - A rare case of cruciate paralysis is reported in a 39-year-old man following a
      motor-vehicle accident. The differentiation of this syndrome from a central
      cervical spinal cord injury is delineated.

PMID- 3712015
TI  - The long-term results of chymopapain chemonucleolysis for lumbar disc disease.
      Ten-year follow-up results in 268 patients injected at the Mayo Clinic.
AB  - The long-term clinical outcome is evaluated for 268 patients after chymopapain
      chemonucleolysis for radicular complaints referrable to documented intervertebral
      disc disease. The follow-up period for 92% of these patients was 10 years. No
      complications due to chymopapain toxicity were observed; 80.1% of patients were
      relieved of their presenting radicular leg pain and 75.1% were employed at a
      capacity equal to or more strenuous than before injection. Chemonucleolysis was
      demonstrated to be a safe and effective treatment modality, with long-term
      results that compare favorably with those of similarly selected patients
      undergoing open surgical procedures. In the patients whose chymopapain therapy
      failed, the outcome of subsequent open surgical procedures was not necessarily
      compromised by prior chemonucleolysis. A higher rate of failure and subsequent
      surgical intervention was seen in those patients with injections performed soon
      after an unsuccessful open procedure on the same side and at the same interspace,
      those with workmen's compensation or litigation pending, those with a history of
      work-related injury, those whose employment involved heavy manual labor or
      extensive driving, and those whose preinjection spine x-ray films indicated
      retrograde spondylolisthesis.

PMID- 3712017
TI  - Rheumatoid arthritis and positional vertebrobasilar insufficiency. Case report.
AB  - The authors report a case of positional occlusions of the vertebral arteries in a
      45-year-old patient with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. The occlusions were
      documented angiographically by placing the head in various positions during
      digital subtraction angiography using aortic arch injections.

PMID- 3712018
TI  - Alveolar hydatid disease of the brain. Report of four cases.
AB  - Four cases of alveolar hydatid disease of the brain encountered within 27 months
      in eastern Turkey are reported. All of the patients were male farmers who
      presented with signs of cerebral tumor. Two of the patients were shown to harbor
      hepatic lesions and one of them had pulmonary metastases. The cerebral lesions
      were removed in toto and neurological recovery was obtained in all four patients.
      A review of the literature revealed only five previously reported cases treated
      surgically. It is concluded that cerebral Echinococcus multilocularis lesions are
      amenable to surgery, and that their removal provides useful prolongation of life
      despite the presence of hepatic or pulmonary disease.

PMID- 3712019
TI  - A new neurosurgical irrigating sucking cutter. Technical note.
AB  - A new instrument has been developed for the removal of tumors located in areas
      difficult to reach. It operates by suctioning and cutting tissue, and is equipped
      with an irrigating sucker. This device is described and its successful use in
      clinical practice is summarized.

PMID- 3712021
TI  - Sudden death due to third ventricle tumors.

PMID- 3712022
TI  - Effects of verapamil and diltiazem: correction.

PMID- 3712020
TI  - Fenestrated clips for internal carotid artery aneurysms. Technical note.
AB  - A new aneurysm clip has been developed specifically for internal carotid artery
      (ICA) aneurysms. This fenestrated clip's occluding blades deviate laterally,
      since the majority of ICA aneurysms protrude posterolateral to the parent artery.
      The clip was applied safely in seven recent patients with ICA aneurysms.

PMID- 3712023
TI  - Clinical course and outcome of severe head injury in Australia.
AB  - The records of 159 severely head-injured patients (all in coma for longer than 6
      hours) from Sydney, Australia, were studied. The clinical course, charted over a
      2-week period, indicated that 60% of deaths occur by Day 3 and that 12% of
      patients remain in coma (Glagow Coma Scale (GCS) score less than 7) for more than
      2 weeks. Overall, at long-term follow-up review more than 2 years after injury,
      51% of patients were dead, 7% were severely disabled or vegetative, and 42% had a
      good to moderate recovery. Outcome of the patients in prolonged coma was assessed
      separately, with only one-third making a good or moderate recovery; two-thirds of
      the severely disabled patients came from this group. The high proportion of poor
      outcomes associated with prolonged coma suggests that this group of patients
      should be specifically targeted in research. One appropriate intervention with
      this group would be the restructuring and intensification of early
      rehabilitation. However, the GCS score lacks the precision needed for this type
      of study, and a better measure of recovery should be developed.

PMID- 3712024
TI  - The incidence of epilepsy after ventricular shunting procedures.
AB  - One hundred eighty of 207 consecutive patients with ventricular shunts were
      studied to determine the incidence of post-shunt epilepsy. Of these 17 (9.4%)
      developed seizures. The incidence fell from 15.2% in children younger than 1 year
      to 6.9% in patients over 50 years of age, but age was not statistically
      significant. Of patients with a parietal ventricular catheterization site only
      6.6% had convulsions, in contrast to 54.5% of those with a frontal locus. The
      incidence of seizures rose with multiple ventricular catheter revisions, but was
      unrelated to bilaterality of shunting. The risk of seizures fell from 5% in the
      1st year after shunting to 1.1% after the 3rd year.

PMID- 3712025
TI  - Surgical management of craniopharyngiomas. A review of 74 cases.
AB  - A series of 74 patients with craniopharyngiomas were treated during a 15-year
      period. Of the 74 patients, 40 were males and 34 were females, with a mean age of
      27 years (range 3 to 65 years). Twenty-eight patients (38%) were less than 18
      years of age. Remission was defined as clinical improvement with stable
      ophthalmological and neurological status, radiological evidence of a decrease in
      tumor size, and either a continued decrease or a stable tumor size on follow-up
      radiological evaluations. A fair result was considered remission with new
      neurological deficits related to surgical intervention. All other results were
      considered a failure. The mean follow-up period in this study was 4 years, with
      100% of the patients monitored. In children, the most common presentation was
      that of growth failure (93%). In adults, sexual dysfunction was the most common
      presentation, with 88% of males presenting with impotence or marked decrease in
      sexual drive, and 82% of females presenting with primary or secondary amenorrhea,
      often associated with galactorrhea. Considering the pediatric and adult
      populations together, the most common presenting symptom was visual dysfunction,
      with 71% of patients presenting in this manner. Fifty percent of patients
      presented with severe headache. The most frequent preoperative finding was a
      visual field defect, with 72% of patients so affected; 42% of patients had
      preoperative hypothyroidism and 24% had hypoadrenalism. Diabetes insipidus was
      present preoperatively in 23%. Hydrocephalus was uncommon, being present in only
      15%. A subfrontal craniotomy was used in 47% of patients, a transsphenoidal
      approach in 39%, a subtemporal approach in 11%, a transcallosal approach in 5%,
      and a suboccipital craniectomy in 2%. Multiple procedures were required in 15% of
      patients in order to provide significant relief of compressive symptomatology.
      The results of therapy indicate that total tumor removal was deemed to have been
      achieved in only seven patients, six of whom have had no recurrence. However, 91%
      of patients are in remission, one had a fair result, and two died as a direct
      result of surgical intervention. One patient died from uncontrolled disease, and
      three patients died from unrelated causes. The results of this study indicate
      that radical subtotal removal followed by radiotherapy is an acceptable treatment
      for craniopharyngioma.

PMID- 3712026
TI  - Percutaneous retrogasserian glycerol rhizotomy for treatment of trigeminal
      neuralgia.
AB  - The treatment of trigeminal neuralgia by percutaneous retrogasserian glycerol
      rhizotomy was assessed in a series of 58 patients with a follow-up period ranging
      from 2 to 40 months postoperatively. All patients were considered medical
      failures prior to the procedure. Idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia was the
      diagnosis in 54 patients, and four patients had trigeminal neuralgia associated
      with multiple sclerosis. Forty-two patients (72%) reported complete relief from
      the procedure and are taking no medications. Four patients (7%) are much improved
      and require only minimal drug therapy. Twelve patients (21%) were considered
      treatment failures. The recurrence rate after initial relief of symptoms was 11%.
      Ten patients (17%) noticed a mild decrease in facial sensation following the
      procedure, and one additional patient had a profound sensory loss including loss
      of corneal reflex. The authors conclude that, while percutaneous retrogasserian
      glycerol rhizotomy may be useful in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia, more
      clinical series and documentation of recurrence rate and complications are needed
      before any firm conclusions can be reached as to the efficacy of this therapy.

PMID- 3712027
TI  - Percutaneous retrogasserian glycerol rhizotomy for trigeminal neuralgia. A
      prospective study of 100 cases.
AB  - A prospective study of percutaneous retrogasserian glycerol rhizotomy (PRGR) with
      and without metrizamide trigeminal cisternography is reported in the treatment of
      the trigeminal neuralgia. A series of 100 patients with typical trigeminal
      neuralgia were allocated randomly to two treatment groups: Group I patients
      received PRGR with trigeminal cisternography (50 cases) and Group II patients
      received PRGR without trigeminal cisternography (50 cases). The results indicate
      that PRGR without trigeminal cisternography is a valid alternative to the
      original technique. Factors that assured the accurate performance of the modified
      technique proposed in this study were: spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid drainage;
      radiologically confirmed placement of the thin spinal needle at the clival edge
      into the trigeminal impression of the petrous apex and in the center of the
      foramen ovale; a positive response to the glycerol test; clinical control of the
      final glycerol injection; and an alert and cooperating patient throughout the
      entire procedure.

PMID- 3712028
TI  - Transcranial surgical approaches to the orbital part of the optic nerve: an
      anatomical study.
AB  - The authors have identified and described three transcranial approaches to the
      intraorbital portion of the optic nerve. The structures encountered in these
      approaches are demonstrated under magnification in cadavers, and the exposure of
      the optic nerve is discussed.

PMID- 3712029
TI  - Microsurgical endarterectomy under barbiturate protection: a prospective study.
AB  - Carotid endarterectomy has the potential to improve on the natural history of
      untreated carotid artery disease with respect to subsequent infarction in
      symptomatic patients with causative angiographic lesions. This benefit of a
      reduced risk of stroke can be realized only if the perioperative morbidity and
      mortality rates are kept low. An approach to symptomatic carotid artery
      bifurcation disease is outlined, with a defined protocol of microsurgical
      endarterectomy utilizing barbiturate protection during the period of potential
      focal temporary cerebral ischemia. This protocol includes preoperative
      antiplatelet therapy, barbiturate anesthesia, the avoidance of an internal shunt,
      the use of the operating microscope, and strict control of postoperative
      hypertension. A series of 200 consecutive endarterectomies performed within this
      protocol in 180 patients and the resultant combined permanent morbidity and
      mortality rate of 1.5% are reported.

PMID- 3712030
TI  - Inhibition of proliferative growth in glioma cells by calmodulin antagonists.
AB  - The effects of several calmodulin antagonists, such as N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro
      1-naphthalene-sulfonamide hydrochloride (W-7) and its dechlorinated structural
      analogue (W-5), on the growth and proliferation of cultured and transplanted
      glioma (GA-1, chemically induced from rat glioblasts) were evaluated. Under
      culture conditions, the concentration of W-7 necessary to exert 50% inhibition of
      GA-1 glioma cell growth was 50 microM. However, W-5, with a lower binding
      affinity to calmodulin than W-7, caused no definite inhibition of the
      proliferation of GA-1 cells in culture. When a low concentration of W-7 (12.5
      microM) was added to the culture medium, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis in
      the GA-1 glioma cells was not markedly affected, whereas both ribonucleic acid
      (RNA) and protein syntheses were strongly suppressed on incubation for 24 hours.
      When a high concentration of W-7 (25.0 to 75.0 microM) was applied to the medium,
      synthesis of DNA, RNA, and protein was distinctly inhibited. When W-7 (50.0
      microM) was added to the incubation medium, the calmodulin concentration in the
      cultured GA-1 was reduced to as much as half the control level within 2 hours,
      and thereafter remained at this level. Whereas control rats intraperitoneally
      transplanted with GA-1 cells could survive for 14 to 21 days, daily
      intraperitoneal injections of W-7 at concentrations of 1.0, 3.0, and 10.0 mg/kg
      body weight prolonged the survival span to between 21 and 26 days; this
      corresponded to an increased life span of about 40% compared to the controls.

PMID- 3712031
TI  - The effects of HA compound calcium antagonists on delayed cerebral vasospasm in
      dogs.
AB  - The authors have examined the effects of the HA compounds HA1004(N-(2
      guanidinoethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide) and HA 1077(1-(5
      isoquinolinesulfonyl)homopiperazine), which are intracellular calcium
      antagonists, on delayed cerebral vasospasm from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).
      The modes of action of these compounds were compared with those of the more
      commonly used calcium entry blockers. Calcium ionophore A23187 (4.8 X 10(-6) M)
      induced contraction of a canine basilar artery strip was completely antagonized
      by the HA compounds (10(-5) M) but not by the entry-blocking calcium antagonists
      nicardipine, diltiazem, and verapamil (10(-5) M), suggesting that the HA
      compounds act differently. Delayed cerebral vasospasm was induced by a "two
      hemorrhage" canine model. The magnitude of the vasospasm and the effects of the
      HA compounds were determined angiographically. On SAH Day 7, a significant
      vasospasm was observed in every dog. The diameter of the basilar artery had
      diminished to 59% +/- 2% (mean +/- standard error) of the control value obtained
      before SAH (on Day 1). The intravenous administration of HA 1004 caused a mild
      dilation of the basilar artery of 10% and 11% at doses of 3 and 10 mg/kg,
      respectively; however, HA 1077 produced a more marked dilation of 19% and 27%,
      respectively, at the same doses. Both of these drugs lowered mean arterial blood
      pressure to about 80% and 50% at doses of 3 and 10 mg/kg, respectively.
      Intracisternal administration of the HA compounds (6 mg) completely reversed
      cerebral vasospasm without much effect on the blood pressure. The intracellular
      calcium antagonists of the HA compound group appear to be promising agents for
      the treatment of intractable cerebral vasospasm.

PMID- 3712032
TI  - Intracranial pressure, cerebral blood flow, and cerebrospinal fluid formation
      during hyperammonemia in cat.
AB  - Intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and the cerebrospinal
      fluid (CSF) formation rate were examined in anesthetized cats during ammonia
      intoxication. Hyperammonemia, evoked by intravenous infusion of ammonium acetate,
      caused a significant increase in ICP when the arterial blood ammonia level
      exceeded 400 mumol X liter-1. A progressive elevation of blood ammonia
      concentration was followed by a gradual rise in CBF, measured by the xenon-133
      clearance technique. At an arterial blood ammonia level exceeding 500 mumol X
      liter-1, the CBF reached a plateau at 30% above the mean control value. Increase
      in ICP correlated weakly, but significantly, with the increase in CBF (R = 0.489,
      p less than 0.005). Elevation of the arterial blood ammonia level to 780.4 +/-
      25.5 mumol X liter-1 for 2 hours elicited a significant gradual increase in CSF
      formation rate, measured by the ventriculocisternal perfusion method with iodine
      125-albumin as an indicator substance. A maximum increase in CSF flow of 81% was
      noted at the end of the ammonium acetate infusion. It is suggested that
      hyperammonemia increases ICP both by cerebral vasodilatation and by enhancement
      of the CSF formation rate.

PMID- 3712033
TI  - Analysis of 76 civilian craniocerebral gunshot wounds.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of 76 civilian craniocerebral gunshot wounds treated
      over a 20-month period is presented. The authors report a 62% mortality rate and
      conclude that the admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score is a valuable
      prognosticator of outcome. Other important findings were: patients with a GCS
      score of 3 invariably died, with or without surgical intervention; and the
      presence of intracranial hematomas, ventricular injury, or bihemispheric wounding
      was associated with a poor outcome. Standardized methods of data reporting should
      be adopted in order to allow multicenter trials or comparisons that might lead to
      management practices that could improve results.

PMID- 3712034
TI  - Hormonal manipulation of meningiomas in vitro.
AB  - Speculation that meningiomas are subject to endocrine influence is supported by
      their higher incidence in women, reports of exacerbation of symptoms during
      pregnancy, and the discovery that these tumors harbor progesterone- and estrogen
      binding proteins. To evaluate if these properties could be exploited
      therapeutically, specimens from three convexity meningiomas were used for
      estrogen- and progesterone-binding protein assays and establishment of tissue
      cultures. Each tumor (designated A, B, and C, respectively) was grown in
      experimental media containing 7.5 X 10(-5) to 10(-12) M 17 beta-estradiol, 2.5 X
      10(-4) to 10(-12) M progesterone, 10(-7) to 10(-9) M tamoxifen (an estrogen
      antagonist), and 10(-6) to 10(-10) M RU486 (a progesterone antagonist). After
      incubation, cell growth was compared to control preparations by counting the
      meningioma cells present in each medium. Tumors A, B, and C contained estrogen
      binding proteins of 8.45, 13.6, and 26.9 fmol/mg cytosol protein and progesterone
      binding proteins of 210, 130, and 126 fmol/mg cytosol protein, respectively. The
      media containing 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone caused 21% to 36% growth
      stimulation in Tumors A and B. In Tumor A, the addition of tamoxifen stimulated
      growth by 35%, while it caused only transient stimulation in Tumor B and had no
      effect on Tumor C. RU486, the progesterone antagonist, caused inhibition of cell
      growth in all three tumors, ranging from 18% to 36%. These data suggest that
      selected meningiomas are subject to hormonal influence in vitro. The inhibition
      of meningioma growth in vitro by the antiprogesterone, RU486, has not been
      previously reported, and serves to encourage further development of alternative
      modes of therapy for recurrent and unresectable meningiomas.

PMID- 3712035
TI  - Technetium-99m HM-PAO stereoisomers as potential agents for imaging regional
      cerebral blood flow: human volunteer studies.
AB  - A total of nine normal volunteer subjects were studied with three forms of
      [99mTc] hexamethylpropyleneamineoxime (HM-PAO), a potential cerebral blood flow
      imaging agent. One, the d,l isomer, showed 4.1% uptake in the brain which
      remained constant over 8 hr. There was good differentiation between uptake in
      gray and white matter on tomographic slices. We propose that this agent may allow
      regional cerebral blood flow imaging to be performed on a routine basis.

PMID- 3712036
TI  - Radionuclide assessment of peripheral hemodynamics: a new technique for
      measurement of forearm blood volume and flow.
AB  - A new peripheral hemodynamic measurement system using 99mTc-labeled red blood
      cells has been developed. This method was carried out on 22 normal subjects, 29
      with coronary artery disease, and two with dilated cardiomyopathy. Peripheral
      hemodynamic indices obtained from this method included forearm blood volume
      (FBV), venous capacity (FVC), venous capacity index (VCI), blood flow (FBF), and
      vascular resistance (FVR), and were compared with the central hemodynamic
      parameters of left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP), cardiac output (CO), and
      total systemic vascular resistance (TSVR) obtained with an invasive technique.
      The normal values were FBV 8.54 +/- 2.04 ml/100 ml; FVC 4.54 +/- 1.23 ml/100 ml;
      VCI 65.5 +/- 3.8%; FBF 4.26 +/- 0.56 ml/100 ml/min; and FVR 20.9 +/- 4.4
      mmHg/ml/100 ml/min. These values were in good agreement with the values reported
      using conventional plethysmography. The 16 patients with congestive heart failure
      (NYHA Class II or III) showed significantly lower FBV, FVC, and FBF values and
      significantly higher VCI and FVR values than the healthy subjects. Capacitance
      vessel parameters (FBV, FVC, and VCI) and LVFP, FBF and CO, and FVR and TSVR each
      showed significant correlation; reproducibility was also good. The advantages of
      this method are (a) the detector does not come in contact with the region being
      measured; (b) it is possible to ascertain the absolute quantity of blood in the
      tissue; (c) extravasation of the plasma component can be ignored; and (d) data
      processing is simple.

PMID- 3712037
TI  - Stippled ribs: a potential pitfall in bone scan interpretation.
AB  - A retrospective evaluation of 100 consecutive bone scans was performed to
      determine the incidence and clinical importance, if any, of increased uptake at
      the insertion of the iliocostalis thoracis portion of the erector spinae muscle
      group (rib stippling). Rib stippling was deemed present if a focal area of
      increased technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate [( 99mTc]MDP) was identified
      within the posterior angle of three or more consecutive ribs. Seven of 100 (three
      bilateral, four unilateral) patients demonstrated rib stippling. Foci intensity
      was less than the scapular tips, but greater than the adjacent ribs. No patient
      had a history of chest trauma, pain and/or an abnormal radiograph. Even though
      increased uptake within the posterior angle of the ribs is an uncommon finding
      (7%), its recognition as a normal bone scan finding is important to prevent bone
      scan misinterpretations. Its characteristic scintigraphic appearance and location
      should serve to differentiate it from the increased uptake of trauma and/or
      tumor.

PMID- 3712038
TI  - Scintigraphic detection of occult hemorrhage in a patient receiving
      anticoagulants.
AB  - The exact location of hemorrhage complicating anticoagulant therapy is sometimes
      difficult to establish. We present a case in which imaging with 99mTc-labeled red
      cells had a significant role in the diagnosis of soft-tissue bleeding in a
      paraplegic patient receiving long-term anticoagulation.

PMID- 3712039
TI  - No-carrier-added fluorine-18-labeled N-methylspiroperidol: synthesis and
      biodistribution in mice.
AB  - No-carrier-added fluorine-18- (18F) labeled N-methylspiroperidol (4) was
      synthesized from four different substrates: p-nitrobenzonitrile (1), cyclopropyl
      p-nitrophenyl ketone (2A), p-cyclopropanoyl-N,N,N-trimethylanilinium iodide (2B)
      and p-cyclopropanoyl-N,N,N-trimethylanilinium perchlorate (2C) using the
      nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction. Radiochemical yield, synthesis time,
      experimental simplicity, and specific activity were compared. In addition,
      factors which influence the yield of the nucleophilic aromatic substitution were
      studied. Based on these studies, the synthesis of 4 from 2A maximizes product
      specific activity and experimental simplicity and provides 4 in 10-15%
      radiochemical yield [based on [18F-] with a mass of less than 2 nmol and a
      specific activity of greater than 10 Ci/mumol (EOB)]. The synthesis of 4 from 8
      [4-(4-nitrophenyl)-4-oxobutyl]-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro+ ++ [4.5]decan
      4-one (5) and Cs[18F] using the nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction gave
      unacceptably low and erratic yields. The biodistribution of 4 in mice showed a
      maximum brain uptake of 1.1% of the administered dose at 5 min and declined to
      approximately 0.6% at 120 min.

PMID- 3712040
TI  - Efficient stereospecific synthesis of no-carrier-added 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D
      glucose using aminopolyether supported nucleophilic substitution.
AB  - An aminopolyether mediated synthesis of fluorine-18 (18F) 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D
      glucose (FDG) has been developed. The nucleophilic fluorination with accelerator
      produced [18F]fluoride works at the no-carrier-added level and gives epimerically
      pure 2-18FDG with an uncorrected radiochemical yield of a maximum 50% in a
      synthesis time of approximately 50 min from EOB.

PMID- 3712041
TI  - Imaging of lymph node uptake after intravenous administration of indium-111
      metalloporphyrins.
AB  - Indium-111- (111In) labeled tetra (N,N,N-trimethylanilinium) porphyrin (TTAP),
      tetra (N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin (TMPyP), and tetra(4
      sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (T4SPP) were synthesized and lymph node uptake was
      measured in animals after intravenous administration. In rats [111In] TTAP had
      maximum lymph node to muscle uptake ratios which averaged 85:1 between 24 and 48
      hr postinjection. Total lymph node uptake was nearly 1% at that time. Lymph nodes
      in rabbits were clearly visualized by gamma scintigraphy at 48 hr after i.v.
      injection of labeled TTAP. These results suggest that 111In-labeled TTAP may be a
      prototype for the development of a class radiopharmaceuticals which permits
      visualization of lymph nodes after i.v. administration.

PMID- 3712042
TI  - Propranolol hydrochloride enhancement of tumor perfusion and uptake of gallium-67
      in a mouse sarcoma.
AB  - The effect of propranolol hydrochloride on the blood perfusion of a mouse sarcoma
      and other tissues has been studied using 86Rb. The maximum increase in relative
      tumor perfusion (2x controls) occurred 15 min after an i.v. administration of 10
      mg per kg propranolol hydrochloride. To study the effect of this drug on the
      uptake of 67Ga, it was injected at a concentration of 10 mg/kg 10 min before
      administering 3 microCi (110 kBq) [67Ga]citrate. Tissue uptakes were measured 4
      hr later. The tumor: blood ratio increased from 1.16 +/- 0.17 to 3.41 +/- 2.27
      (s.d.) and tumor: liver ratio increased from 2.39 +/- 0.30 to 7.13 +/- 3.52
      (s.d.). The results showed that propranolol hydrochloride can improve the
      relative tumor blood flow and radiopharmaceutical concentration in an animal
      model. It is hoped that this and other agents will yield similar results in the
      human situation.

PMID- 3712043
TI  - Development of a kit-form analog of metaiodobenzylguanidine.
AB  - The synthesis and evaluation of two radiopharmaceutical analogs of
      metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) are described. Unlike MIBG, these analogs are
      rapidly and conveniently radioiodinated at room temperature in clinically
      applicable kit form. Radioiodinated 4-amino-3-iodobenzylguanidine (AIBG) for
      injection is synthesized in 20 min using IODO-GEN as the radioiodide oxidant and
      an anion exchange filter for purification. AIBG shows an affinity for the heart
      and adrenal medullae of dog and monkey similar to that of MIBG. In addition, AIBG
      shows improved selectivity for the adrenergic nerves of the heart as demonstrated
      by chemical sympathectomy studies. Tomographic images of the dog heart and planar
      images of the dog adrenal medullae were obtained using [123I]AIBG and [131I]AIBG,
      respectively. Planar images of the monkey heart using [131I]AIBG were similar in
      quality to those reported previously with [131I]MIBG. In view of the facile
      radiosynthesis of AIBG, a clinical evaluation of this new agent is warranted.

PMID- 3712044
TI  - Simulation procedure to determine nuclear magnetic resonance imaging pulse
      sequence parameters for optimal tissue contrast.
AB  - In order to permit a more optimized selection of acquisition parameters for
      nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging a simulation procedure is proposed to
      determine the pulse sequences for optimal tissue contrast for a variety of
      clinical indications. In selected patient studies an adequate set of source
      images is measured, which allows computation of images of all possible pulse
      sequences, and measurement of tissue contrast within selected regions of
      interest. Data concerning promising sequences for specific clinical indications
      can then be filed, so as to aid the investigator's experience in setting up
      future NMR acquisitions.

PMID- 3712045
TI  - Radiopharmaceutical dosage selection for pediatric nuclear medicine.
AB  - To identify the most rational method for adjusting adult radiopharmaceutical
      dosages for children, four methods of dosage computation were examined from the
      perspectives of diagnostic adequacy and radiation absorbed dose. For static
      imaging, information density is the most important factor in study quality, and
      adjustment of dosage by body weight (Wt) for "thick" organs, and body surface
      area (BSA) for "thin" organs is recommended. Compared with adults, small children
      receive less radiation exposure if radiopharmaceutical dosages are adjusted by
      Wt, and slightly greater exposure if dosages are adjusted by BSA. For dynamic
      imaging studies, dosage requirements are governed by the spatial resolution
      needed for region of interest assignment, and the statistical reliability of the
      time-activity data. For dynamic renal imaging, renograms of similar quality are
      obtained if dosages are adjusted by height (Ht). Dynamic cardiac studies might
      appear to require dosages even larger than those adjusted by Ht which would
      result in higher radiation absorbed doses to pediatric patients. However, smaller
      dosages can be used in children by prolonging the imaging time and accepting
      lower temporal resolution. Dosage requirements for dynamic studies depend on
      which physiologic characteristics are measured from the time-activity data. Since
      the measurements of some characteristics demand higher count rates than others,
      dosage requirements ultimately depend on which measurements are clinically
      necessary. Close attention to the factors that determine these requirements may
      yield significant reduction in dosages, and thus in radiation exposure, for
      patients of all ages.

PMID- 3712046
TI  - Vesicoureteral reflux mimicking obstructive uropathy.

PMID- 3712047
TI  - A magic bullet for breast cancer.

PMID- 3712048
TI  - Efficacy of the four-hour radioiodine uptake determination prior to radioiodine
      therapy for hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 3712049
TI  - Radionuclide bone scanning in giant cell tumor.
AB  - Radionuclide bone scan findings are described and correlated with pathology in 23
      patients with giant cell tumor (GCT) of the bone. The degree of radionuclide
      activity was markedly increased in 20 (87%), minimally increased in three (13%),
      and decreased in none of the patients. Of the 23 patients with increased
      radioactivity, the pattern was diffuse in 11 (48%) and doughnut in 12 (52%).
      Extended patterns of radioactivity were present in 19 of 22 patients; however,
      none were associated with true tumor extension. Bone scanning did not aid in the
      detection of GCT, was nonspecific, and did not differentiate benign from
      malignant GCT. Although radioactivity extended beyond the radiographic
      abnormality in the majority of patients, this was most likely secondary to other
      bony abnormalities or local and/or regional hyperemia, and caution should be
      taken in ascribing this extension to either tumor or metastasis.

PMID- 3712050
TI  - Indium-111 leukocyte imaging in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - This study evaluates the usefulness of labeled leukocyte imaging in patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis. In 33 patients, the incidence of pain and swelling in 66
      wrist joints and 66 knee joints was compared with the accumulation of
      [111In]leukocytes. No accumulation of [111In]leukocytes was seen in any of the
      patients' wrists (0/12) or knee joints (0/14) when both pain and swelling were
      absent. In contrast, 93% (25/27) of wrist joints and 80% (24/30) of knee joints
      with both pain and swelling were positive by [111In]leukocyte scintigraphy. There
      was little correlation between the stage of the disease, as determined by
      radiography, and [111In]leukocyte accumulation. This study suggests that
      [111In]leukocyte imaging may be a reliable procedure for monitoring the activity
      of rheumatoid arthritis, especially for confirming the lack of an ongoing
      inflammatory response.

PMID- 3712051
TI  - Indium-111 autologous leukocyte imaging in pancreatitis.
AB  - Thirty-nine patients with acute pancreatitis have been assessed using a
      prognostic factor grading system, abdominal ultrasound, and autologous leukocyte
      imaging. Both prognostic factor grading and leukocyte imaging can accurately
      assess the severity of the disease early in its course. All patients with a
      negative indium-labeled leukocyte image recovered without sequelae, whereas five
      of the 12 patients with a positive image developed complications, including two
      deaths. Abdominal ultrasound is of no value in assessing severity, but is a
      useful method of detecting those patients with gallstone-associated disease. In
      patients with suspected abscess formation following acute pancreatitis, indium
      leukocyte imaging does not differentiate between fat necrosis and abscess
      formation. In this situation, computerized tomography should be carried out
      before laparotomy is undertaken.

PMID- 3712052
TI  - The rim sign: association with acute cholecystitis.
AB  - In a retrospective analysis of 218 hepatobiliary studies in patients clinically
      suspected of acute cholecystitis, a rim of increased hepatic activity adjacent to
      the gallbladder fossa (the "rim sign") has been evaluated as a scintigraphic
      predictor of confirmed acute cholecystitis. Of 28 cases with pathologic
      confirmation of acute cholecystitis in this series, 17 (60%) demonstrated this
      sign. When associated with nonvisualization of the gallbladder at 1 hr, the
      positive predictive value of this photon-intense rim for acute cholecystitis was
      94%. When the rim sign was absent, the positive predictive value of
      nonvisualization of the gallbladder at 1 hr for acute cholecystitis was only 36%.
      As this sign was always seen during the first hour postinjection, it can, when
      associated with nonvisualization, reduce the time required for completion of an
      hepatobiliary examination in suspected acute cholecystitis.

PMID- 3712053
TI  - Gallbladder function in diabetic patients.
AB  - Gallbladder emptying and filling was studied in eight diabetic and six normal
      control patients. None of the patients had gallstones. Cholescintigraphy was
      performed using [99mTc]disofenin, and gallbladder emptying was studied using a 45
      min i.v. infusion of the octapeptide of cholecystokinin (OP-CCK) 20 ng/kg X hr.
      The peak filling rate was greater in diabetic than in normal subjects; however,
      emptying of the gallbladder in response to OP-CCK was significantly less in the
      diabetic subjects (51.6 +/- 10.4% compared with 77.2 +/- 4.9%). When the diabetic
      group was subdivided into obese and nonobese diabetics, the obese diabetics had a
      much lower percentage of emptying than the nonobese diabetics (30.0 +/- 10.4%
      compared with 73.1 +/- 9.3%). These findings suggest that obese diabetics may
      have impaired emptying of the gallbladder even in the absence of gallstones. The
      more rapid rate of gallbladder filling in obesity may indicate hypotonicity of
      the gallbladder. The combination of these abnormalities may predispose the obese
      diabetic to the development of gallstones.

PMID- 3712054
TI  - Significance of single ventilation/perfusion mismatches in krypton-81m/technetium
      99m lung scintigraphy.
AB  - The significance of a single area of ventilation/perfusion (V/P) mismatch in lung
      scans performed on patients suspected of pulmonary embolism (PE) was evaluated.
      Ten of 20 patients with this scan finding were found to have PE. An intermediate
      probability of PE was found with segmental (71%) or subsegmental (45%) single V/P
      mismatches. Seven of 16 patients with a single V/P mismatch and without a
      matching radiographic opacity had PE. Three of the four patients who had a V/P
      mismatch and a matching radiographic opacity were found to have PE. Multiview
      ventilation imaging with 81mKr was found to have advantages for the evaluation of
      single V/P mismatches. Based on the data available at this time, a single V/P
      mismatch suggests an intermediate probability of PE.

PMID- 3712055
TI  - Utilization of lung scans by clinicians.
AB  - To determine the effect of clinical assessments and lung scan results on the
      management of patients, we studied 566 consecutive patients referred for lung
      scans because of suspected pulmonary embolism. Prior to the lung scan, the
      clinician was asked to estimate the probability of pulmonary embolus. Two or
      three days later the physician was contacted to determine how the patient was
      managed. The results of the lung scan strongly influenced patient management.
      Patients with high probability lung scans were treated for pulmonary embolism
      regardless of the clinical pretest estimate. Low and intermediate probability
      lung scans resulted in most patients not being treated for pulmonary embolism and
      not referred for pulmonary angiography. Only 55 of the 566 patients were referred
      for pulmonary angiography, and approximately one-half of these patients had lung
      scans with an intermediate probability for pulmonary embolism.

PMID- 3712056
TI  - Metastatic calcification in the thyroid gland demonstrated on bone scan in a
      patient with primary hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - Bone scanning agents are known to accumulate in extraskeletal sites. We report
      the case of a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism whose bone scan performed
      with [99mTc]HMDP revealed not only the classic pattern described in
      hyperparathyroidism, but also a striking visceral uptake in the lungs, heart,
      stomach, and thyroid gland. Metastatic calcification was found on histologic
      examination of the thyroid.

PMID- 3712057
TI  - A new osmium-191/iridium-191m radionuclide generator system using activated
      carbon.
AB  - A new osmium-191/iridium-191m (191Os/191mIr) radionuclide generator system has
      been developed based on the absorption of K2OsCl6 (Os-IV) on 140-230 mesh heat
      treated activated carbon. The generator is eluted with pH 2 saline solution
      containing 0.25 g/l Kl to give 191mIr in good yield. The generator eluent is
      neutralized to physiologic pH and isotonicity with Tris buffer immediately prior
      to i.v. injection. No scavenger column is required. As an example, elution of the
      prototype generator with a 2-ml bolus results in elution of 191mIr in
      approximately 18% yield with an 191Os breakthrough of only 2 X 10(-4)%/bolus. The
      prototype generator has consistent performance over a 2-wk period with no change
      in 191mIr yield or 191Os breakthrough. Loading of up to 1.5 Ci of 191Os results
      in no observed radiolysis. Continuous elution of this system is also possible
      with a mean 191mIr yield of 3.7%/ml and a mean 191Os breakthrough of 2 X 10(
      5)%/ml at a flow rate of 12 ml/min. This new system represents a readily
      available source of 191mIr for radioangiography. Adsorbed radiation dose
      calculations indicate a total-body dose of only 3.9 mrad for a 100 mCi injected
      bolus.

PMID- 3712058
TI  - Deuterioglucose: alteration of biodistribution by an isotope effect.
AB  - Carbon-14 glucose, in which all carbon-hydrogen bonds were replaced by carbon
      deuterium bonds (deuterioglucose), was extracted from algae growing in heavy
      water and exposed to [14C]carbon dioxide. The identity of [14C]deuterioglucose
      was confirmed by comparison with authentic material on two high performance
      liquid chromatography and two thin layer chromatography systems. Fermentation to
      lactate followed by oxidative decarboxylation demonstrated that 35% of the 14C
      was on carbons 3 and 4 for deuterioglucose isolated from a 24-hr algal
      incubation, and 61% for a 20-min incubation. Mice were injected intravenously
      with either (24-hr) deuterioglucose or with 14C-labeled (protio)glucose labeled
      uniformly. The deuterioglucose cleared more slowly from the blood, while heart
      and brain accumulated label more slowly. Tissue concentrations peaked at later
      times for deuterioglucose. Deuteration may be a useful feature of
      radiopharmaceutical design.

PMID- 3712059
TI  - Microscale synthesis of nitrogen-13-labeled cisplatin.
AB  - A microscale synthesis of [13N]cisplatin (cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II), cis
      DDP) from cyclotron-produced [13N]ammonia is presented. Temperature, reaction
      time, ratios, and concentration of reactants have been optimized for each step of
      the synthesis. Purification is performed by ion exchange chromatography.
      Radiochemical purity and optimization processes are controlled by high
      performance liquid chromatography and high performance thin layer chromatography-
      22 mCi [13N]cisplatin in 10 ml of solution is produced. The entire procedure
      takes approximately 15 min and the specific activity is approximately 300
      mCi/mumole at EOB.

PMID- 3712060
TI  - Scintigraphic assessment of neorectal motor function.
AB  - Colectomy, mucosal rectectomy, and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis have become
      alternatives to proctocolectomy and ileostomy for patients with ulcerative
      colitis or polyposis coli. The aim of this study was to develop a scintigraphic
      technique for assessment of the "neorectal" motor function of such patients. An
      artificial stool, consisting of a 7.5% dispersion of aluminum magnesium silicate
      in water, was labeled with 1 mCi [99mTc]sulfur colloid and instilled into the
      neorectum. Static pre- and postevacuation scans and dynamic acquisition scans
      during evacuation were taken with the patient seated on a commode. The imaging
      provided good anatomic definition of the pouch and quantitated the usual rate and
      percentage of neorectal evacuation at about 10 ml stool/sec and 60% of instilled
      stool, respectively. This technique appeared to be a safe, simple, useful tool
      for assessing the neorectal motor function of patients with ileal pouch-anal
      anastomosis.

PMID- 3712061
TI  - Isotope cisternography in patients with intracranial hypertension.
AB  - Cerebrospinal fluid flow (CSF) was studied using isotope cisternography in 52
      patients with increased intracranial pressure (ICP), all of whom showed acute
      transient rises of ICP, i.e., plateau waves, in their continuous ICP recordings.
      The patients were assigned to two groups. Group I was comprised of 23 patients
      without hydrocephalus and high ICP resulting from brain tumors, benign
      intracranial hypertension, and superior sagittal sinus thrombosis. Group II
      included 29 patients with either communicating hydrocephalus or high ICP
      resulting from rupture of intracranial aneurysm. Plateau waves were frequently
      observed in patients with baseline pressures ranging from 21 to 40 mmHg in both
      groups. The isotope cisternographic pattern in the Group I patients showed a
      large accumulation of radioactivity over the cerebral convexities, while that in
      the Group II patients revealed a complete obstruction of the subarachnoid space
      over both cerebral convexities. The isotope clearance from the intracranial CSF
      showed a marked delay in both groups of patients with one exception. The results
      suggest that, in the limited range of increased ICP caused by delayed CSF
      absorption, plateau waves are most evident regardless of the isotope
      cisternographic pattern.

PMID- 3712062
TI  - Radionuclide angiocardiography in the clinical evaluation of cardiac malpositions
      in situs solitus in adults.
AB  - A right-sided position of the heart in the chest in situs solitus is an abnormal
      feature easily discernible from a plain chest radiograph. This cardiac
      malposition may be due to cardiac displacement (dextroposition), which is usually
      a feature of lung disease, or a structural abnormality of the heart
      (dextrocardia). Because each condition has different clinical pathologic
      implications, it is important to distinguish them. Chest films, however, often
      provide no conclusive information. We performed radionuclide angiocardiography
      (RNA) in six adults with a cardiac malposition in situs solitus. It was found
      that morphologic data obtained from the serial images may distinguish
      dextroposition from dextrocardia. In addition, these images permitted us to
      diagnose congenitally corrected transposition, a cardiac anomaly which occurs
      with increased frequency in situs solitus with dextrocardia. Quantitative shunt
      detection performed during this procedure is helpful in the differential
      diagnosis of dextroposition and able to distinguish uncomplicated dextrocardia
      from dextrocardia associated with other cardiac abnormalities. RNA therefore is a
      valuable and easily performed method in the analysis of cardiac malpositions in
      adults.

PMID- 3712063
TI  - Hemobilia associated with hepatic artery aneurysms: scintigraphic detection with
      technetium-99m-labeled red blood cells.
AB  - Biliary tract bleeding is an unusual cause of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage.
      Rupture of hepatic artery aneurysms is one of the least common etiologies of
      hemobilia. Both cholescintigraphy and [99mTc]red blood cell scintigraphy are
      useful in the diagnosis of this rare disorder. The combination of focal
      obstruction on cholescintigraphy and intermittent visualization of the major bile
      ducts on red blood cell scintigraphy should suggest the diagnosis of hemobilia
      and prompt an angiogram to determine the cause.

PMID- 3712064
TI  - Opportunistic intracranial infection in AIDS detection by technetium-99m DTPA
      brain scintigraphy.
AB  - Radionuclide brain scintigraphy and computed tomography (CT) demonstrated
      cerebral lesions in two patients with acquired immunodeficiency disease syndrome
      (AIDS) complicated by opportunistic infection of the brain. In the detection of
      these cerebral lesions, [99mTc]DTPA radionuclide scintigraphy was as reliable as
      CT. Since malignant lymphoma involving the brain has been seen with increasing
      frequency in patients with AIDS, the positive brain scan alone is nonspecific and
      should be correlated appropriately with the clinical setting.

PMID- 3712065
TI  - Radioiodinated 15-(p-iodophenyl)-3,3-dimethylpentadecanoic acid: a useful new
      agent to evaluate myocardial fatty acid uptake.
AB  - Radioiodinated 15-(p-iodophenyl)-3,3-dimethylpentadecanoic acid (DMIPP) has been
      prepared as a new terminal iodophenyl-substituted fatty acid containing dimethyl
      branching at the beta position. For the synthesis of this new agent, chain
      homologation was accomplished by fabrication of a 2,5-disubstituted thiophene by
      successive Friedel-Crafts acylation and Wolff-Kishner reduction reactions,
      followed by thiophene ring opening. The dimethyl-branching was introduced using
      the monomethyl ester of dimethylglutaryl chloride. Radioiodination of the 15
      phenyl-3,3-dimethylpentadecanoic acid substrate in the para position then gave
      DMIPP. Iodine-125-labeled DMIPP showed rapid, high myocardial uptake (min, mean %
      injected dose/g) in fasted rats (5, 4.67; 30, 5.06; 60, 4.79; 120, 4.37), and
      also exhibited good heart:blood ratios (min, heart:blood: 5, 3:1; 30, 12:1; 60,
      12:1; 120, 13:1). To further evaluate the effects of dimethyl-branching, the
      biodistribution properties of DMIPP were compared with the 3-monomethyl-branched
      (15-(p-iodophenyl)-3-R,S-methylpentadecanoic acid; BMIPP) and the unbranched (15
      (p-iodophenyl)pentadecanoic acid; IPP) analogs. A triple-labeled
      [123I]DMIPP/[131I]BMIPP/[125I]IPP mixture was administered to groups of fasted
      rats. These results confirmed the greater myocardial retention and higher
      heart:blood ratios observed with DMIPP in comparison with both the 3-monomethyl
      (BMIPP) and unbranched (IPP) analogs. These data suggest that [123I]DMIPP is an
      excellent candidate for clinical evaluation of regional energy substrates (fatty
      acid) uptake.

PMID- 3712066
TI  - Gallium-67 uptake in the lung of asbestos exposed sheep: early association with
      enhanced macrophage-derived fibronectin accumulation.
AB  - To evaluate the time course and mechanisms of enhanced 67Ga lung uptake in
      asbestosis, we exposed two groups of sheep every 2 wk to either 100 ml saline
      (controls) or 100 mg UICC chrysotile fibers in 100 ml saline. The sheep were
      evaluated periodically by pulmonary function tests (PFT), thoracic radiograph
      (TR), 67Ga lung scan bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and transbronchial lung biopsy
      (TLB). By month 24 of the study, 9/15 exposed sheep had developed the initial
      alveolitis and had significant changes in PFT, TR, and TLB. The other six exposed
      sheep differed from controls only by a 75% increase in BAL fibronectin until
      month 30, where significant changes in albumin occurred and 67Ga scan score
      increased. The nine sheep with alveolitis had significant sustained increases in
      67Ga scan and BAL levels from month 6, associated with a 150% increase in BAL
      fibronectin and other parameters of disease activity changed from month 18 to 30.
      We concluded that in the sheep model of asbestosis, significant changes in 67Ga
      scan, 67Ga BAL counts, and excessive elevation of BAL fibronectin preceded other
      parameters of disease activity. The data suggest that excessively activated
      macrophages are primarily responsible for the early 67Ga lung uptake.

PMID- 3712067
TI  - Quantitative autoradiography using a personal computer.
AB  - A video digitizing system based on an Apple II personal computer has been
      developed for use in quantitative autoradiography. The selection process of an
      acceptable video camera, an illumination system, and the functions provided in
      the software are discussed. This system is in routine use and has been duplicated
      by several other laboratories.

PMID- 3712068
TI  - A new method for granulocyte labeling with technetium-99m: preliminary results in
      abscess detection.
AB  - A new method for 99mTc-labeling of granulocytes for clinical routine use has been
      developed. The labeling is simple to perform by means of a kit of
      radiopharmaceutical quality, utilizing dihydroxy-benzoic acid. Pretinning
      techniques are avoided. The technique has been applied clinically in 15 patients
      with indications of intra-abdominal abscess. In six patients, [99mTc]granulocyte
      scintigraphy at 3 hr and/or 24 hr after i.v. administration, correctly depicted
      the abscess, as verified by subsequent surgery. In the remaining patients, who
      were negative at surgery or recovered without operation, all scans were negative.

PMID- 3712069
TI  - Quality control of technetium-99m DTPA: correlation of analytic tests with in
      vivo protein binding in man.
AB  - When [99mTc]DTPA is administered, a small fraction of the activity (presumably an
      impurity) is bound to plasma proteins. This causes an error in the calculation of
      glomerular filtration rate from plasma clearance. This paper presents two methods
      of laboratory quality control for measuring the fraction that binds to plasma
      proteins. One method involves in vitro binding to human serum albumin followed by
      gel filtration. The other method involves descending paper chromatography on wet
      pre-equilibrated anion exchange paper. In a series of 80 patients, correlation
      was demonstrated between laboratory characteristics and actual clinical
      performance of the [99mTc]DTPA preparation. Both laboratory methods appear
      suitable for routine quality control.

PMID- 3712070
TI  - Hepatic scintigraphy of nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver.

PMID- 3712071
TI  - Bone scintigraphy in osteomyelitis.

PMID- 3712072
TI  - Estimation of bladder wall absorbed dose.

PMID- 3712073
TI  - Single moderate-sized segmental V/Q mismatch: moderate probability for pulmonary
      embolus.

PMID- 3712074
TI  - Evaluation of the accuracy of steady-state krypton-81m method for calculating
      right ventricular ejection fraction.
AB  - The accuracy of a steady-state 81mKr method for calculating the right ventricular
      ejection fraction (RVEF) has been examined in this study. Causes of errors using
      this method and their effects on the calculated RVEF were evaluated. The results
      suggested that mixing in the right ventricle during continuous infusion of 81mKr
      was homogenous, allowing for the calculation of ejection fraction using the count
      rate ratio. Lung activity was quite important and could not be neglected in
      computing RVEF, but the use of [99mTc]MAA lung perfusion scanning seemed to allow
      a correct subtraction of this background activity. The delineation of right
      ventricular regions of interest (ROIs) was complicated by the translation
      movements of the right ventricle during heart contraction. These ROIs should be
      drawn carefully on the count density distribution images and data shown by
      parametric images; such as first and second harmonic phase, amplitude images, and
      composite stroke volume image should be considered. Furthermore, this study
      demonstrates the superiority of the 81mKr technique compared with 99mTc methods
      for computing RVEF. In conclusion, even if the true accuracy of the 81mKr method
      for calculating RVEF cannot be proven due to the lack of reference methods,
      strong, suggestive evidence that the technique should be accurate is shown here.

PMID- 3712075
TI  - Gated right ventricular studies using krypton-81m: comparison with first-pass
      studies using gold-195m.
AB  - Krypton-81m, given by continuous i.v. infusion, has been successfully used for
      the equilibrium ECG-gated assessment of right ventricular function. We compared
      gated studies with 81mKr (half-life 13 sec) with first-pass studies using 195mAu
      (half-life 30.5 sec). Krypton studies analyzed using variable regions of interest
      (ROIs) led to a significantly higher calculated right ventricular ejection
      fraction (RVEF) than with a fixed ROI, both with and without background
      correction. The differences between first-pass studies and gated studies without
      background correction were significant (p less than 0.01), whereas they were not
      with background correction. These data suggest that large systematic errors exist
      in the calculation of RVEF depending on the analysis method and that background
      correction is important when different techniques are compared.

PMID- 3712076
TI  - Gated xenon scans for right ventricular function.
AB  - The complex geometry of the right ventricle makes the use of radionuclides an
      attractive method for assessing right ventricular function. The use of the gated
      133Xe technique for this purpose offers several advantages. A short i.v. infusion
      over 20 sec of 133Xe permits scans to be obtained, gated to the electrocardiogram
      at rest and during maximal exercise using a standard gamma camera. The method is
      both reproducible (3.5%) and repeatable (2.8%), and because of the short half
      life within the patient with most of the radioisotope being excreted by the
      lungs, scans may be repeated within a few minutes and the radiation dose to the
      patient is small. Right ventricular ejection fraction obtained from gated xenon
      scans is shown to correlate well with measurements obtained from both standard
      gated technetium scans and first-pass studies.

PMID- 3712077
TI  - Scanning with iodine-131 MIBG in children with solid tumors: an initial
      appraisal.
AB  - Twelve children with malignant disease in whom there was either a clinical,
      radiologic, or histologic differential diagnosis including neuroblastoma were
      investigated using iodine-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scanning. In six
      children in whom a final diagnosis of neuroblastoma was substantiated, scans were
      positive; in five children with other malignancies, scans were negative. In one
      child, clinically and radiologically tumor free following excision on an
      abdominal neuroblastoma, scans were also negative. MIBG scanning proved of value
      as a discriminant of malignant undifferentiated tumors in children, and in the
      diagnosis and staging of neuroblastoma. During treatment, MIBG scans in two
      patients correlated with contemporaneous computed tomographic scans and may allow
      noninvasive monitoring of therapeutic response and completeness of surgical
      excision. Primary and recurrent abdominal tumors, and visceral, osseous, and
      marrow deposits were demonstrated using this technique.

PMID- 3712078
TI  - Scintigraphic features of primary sacral tumors.
AB  - The bone scan features of different types of sacral tumors in 16 patients were
      assessed. Four out of five patients with chordoma, the most common sacral tumor,
      demonstrated either reduced uptake or normal distribution of isotope at the site
      of this midline tumor. Plasmacytoma, which is not usually central, also caused
      reduced uptake on the bone scan. Ewing's sarcoma gave no consistent pattern. All
      other tumors caused increased uptake except for one unusual case of osteogenic
      sarcoma. Bone scintigraphy can be very useful in the assessment of sacral tumors.
      A midline sacral tumor that is cold on the bone scan is very likely to be a
      chordoma.

PMID- 3712079
TI  - Detection of deep venous thrombosis by indium-111 leukocyte scintigraphy.
AB  - Indium-111-labeled leukocyte ([111In]WBC) scintigraphy has been used successfully
      for detection of inflammation. Occasionally, noninflammatory collections of white
      blood cells such as hematomas or hemorrhage have been localized. We report a case
      in which unsuspected femoral deep venous thrombosis was diagnosed on an
      [111In]WBC leukocyte scan performed for detection of osteomyelitis. Readers are
      advised to avoid interpreting all vascular [111In]WBC localization as necessarily
      infectious. This may be of particular significance in patients with vascular
      grafts.

PMID- 3712080
TI  - Spurious thyroid cancer metastasis: saliva contamination artifact in high dose
      iodine-131 metastases survey.
AB  - The use of high dose 131I for workup of thyroid cancer patients increases the
      chance of contamination artifact which may mimic metastases. Two elderly male
      patients with follicular carcinoma of the thyroid had salivary contamination
      artifacts on metastatic survey scans. These patients received a 1 and 10 mCi dose
      of 131I, respectively. The artifacts were recognized only retrospectively when
      follow-up scans were obtained and compared. The characteristics of contamination
      artifacts and several methods to confirm these are discussed.

PMID- 3712081
TI  - Cerebral edema following iodine-131 therapy for thyroid carcinoma metastatic to
      the brain.
AB  - Brain metastases are rare in well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma but when
      present they can lead to the patient's death. Iodine-131 therapy for
      intracerebral thyroid carcinoma metastases causes radiation-induced acute
      cerebral edema that can lead to CNS complications and even death. We present a
      case in which a patient with intracerebral 131I uptake developed seizures,
      slurred speech, and muscle weakness 12 hr following 131I therapy. The patient's
      CT scan, post-therapy, confirmed an intracranial metastasis with a significant
      amount of surrounding edema. Radiotherapists, when using external beam radiation
      to treat intracerebral metastases, commonly place these patients on steroids,
      glycerol, or mannitol prior to instituting therapy, to prevent complications from
      radiation-induced cerebral edema. This technique could be applied to 131I therapy
      of intracranial thyroid carcinoma metastases as well.

PMID- 3712082
TI  - Computer modeling of planar myocardial perfusion imaging: effect of heart rate
      and ejection fraction on wall thickness and chamber size.
AB  - Myocardial perfusion imaging is generally performed as a static acquisition
      without regard for dynamic changes in the cardiac cycle. The effect of heart rate
      and ejection fraction on the appearance of left ventricular chamber size and wall
      thickness as perceived in 201Tl scintigrams has not, to our knowledge, been
      previously studied. A dynamic computer model of the left ventricle was
      constructed, capable of varying the heart rate and ejection fraction. Parallel
      slices through the model were convolved with experimentally derived 201Tl point
      spread functions at corresponding depths to incorporate the effects of scatter
      and attenuation. Both gated and static left anterior oblique images were created
      at three clinically encountered heart rates and ejection fractions, with constant
      end-diastolic volume and left ventricular mass. Results of the study indicate
      that perceived and quantified wall thickness increases and chamber size decreases
      appreciably with increasing ejection fraction and (slightly) with increasing
      heart rate. Thus, evaluation of wall thickness and chamber size in planar images
      should take into account variations in heart rate and contractility. This is
      especially pertinent to estimates of left ventricular hypertrophy and chamber
      size, attempted from nongated myocardial perfusion images.

PMID- 3712084
TI  - Effect of variable left ventricular vertical orientation on planar myocardial
      perfusion images.
AB  - Differences in vertical orientation of the left ventricle within the chest cavity
      cannot be corrected by gamma camera positioning. The effect of variations in
      vertical angulation on the appearance of the diagnostically important left
      anterior oblique (LAO) view has not been previously evaluated. In the current
      study, a computer simulation of a normal left ventricle was created and "imaged,"
      varying only the degree of vertical rotation. The effect of six vertical
      positions on the LAO image was assessed visually and with horizontal and
      circumferential profile analysis. Results indicate a homogenous distribution of
      counts in the horizontal views. With increasing verticality, there are fewer
      counts in the valve plane, while the inferoapex initially increases in count
      density, and then progressively decreases. Quantification revealed count
      variations of up to 37% in the valve plane and 45% in the inferoapex due entirely
      to differences in vertical orientation of the left ventricular simulation. A
      survey of 167 patients who underwent routine stress thallium imaging showed a
      vertical angulation that varied from 7 degrees to 64 degrees (mean = 37 degrees)
      as determined from the anterior view. Clinical images were similar in appearance
      to computer generated images after correction for anterior view foreshortening.
      The present study suggests that the accuracy of current quantitative thallium
      methods to detect coronary artery disease might be enhanced by the use of a
      revised set of normal standards corrected for vertical orientation of the left
      ventricle.

PMID- 3712083
TI  - Boron distribution analysis by alpha-autoradiography.
AB  - The distribution of the boron-10 compound, Na2 10B12H11SH, which is now in
      clinical use for boron neutron capture therapy for brain tumors, was studied
      topographically and quantitatively in rats using neutron-induced alpha
      autoradiography. Transplanted intracerebral tumors in Sprague-Dawley rats were
      used. In the normal brain, only a minute amount of 10B (less than 1 microgram
      10B/cm3) was found in the brain parenchyma, except for the infundibulum and area
      postrema. Boron-10 accumulated in the brain tumors. The tumor-to-blood
      concentration ratio of 10B increased with time after injection and reached unity
      12 hr after injection. The tumor concentration calculated at that time was 18
      micrograms 10B/cm3. This study clearly shows that this 10B compound accumulates
      in the transplanted rat tumors in the brain and that tumor concentration and
      tumor-to-blood ratio of 10B can provide a sufficient condition for brain tumor
      treatment.

PMID- 3712085
TI  - Effects of asymmetric photopeak windows on flood field uniformity and spatial
      resolution of scintillation cameras.
AB  - Pulse height analyzer windows that are set on the high side of the photopeak are
      known to improve spatial resolution and contrast when used for scintillation
      camera imaging. Asymmetric windows can be used with some scintillation cameras
      that have energy correction circuitry. In this study the improvement in spatial
      resolution and loss of field uniformity for 99mTc, 201Tl, and 131I were measured
      as a function of window asymmetry (up to 30%, defined relative to the loss of
      counts as compared to a symmetric window under intrinsic conditions). Flood field
      uniformity was inversely related to the degree of window asymmetry. With 10 cm of
      scatter the 99mTc integral uniformity deteriorated from 7.9% with a symmetric
      window to 11.5% for a 30% asymmetric window. The corresponding values for 201Tl
      were 9.9 and 10.9%. Even without additional scatter, the values for 131I were
      23.0 and 26.5%. Spatial resolution, as measured by the full width at half maximum
      in 10 cm of scatter improved by only 5% for 99mTc and 7% for 201Tl. However, the
      full width at tenth maximum increased by as much as 20% for 99mTc and 201Tl. A
      large percentage of this improvement was attained with small degrees of
      asymmetry. This study demonstrates that 10% or less asymmetry can provide most of
      the benefit in spatial resolution and contrast that is to be gained without
      significant losses in field uniformity and count rate.

PMID- 3712086
TI  - Gated blood-pool scanning in the critically ill: a valuable tool for clinical
      research.

PMID- 3712087
TI  - Problem with mouse neuroblastoma (C 1300) as a model for iodine-131 MIBG uptake.

PMID- 3712088
TI  - Pulmonary sequestration or tumor on radionuclide angiography?

PMID- 3712089
TI  - Can a 24-hour image in bone scan differentiate osseous metastasis from benign
      bone disease?

PMID- 3712090
TI  - Application of iodine-123-labeled isopropylamphetamine imaging to the study of
      dementia.
AB  - Forty-seven patients diagnosed as clinically demented were imaged with 123I
      isopropylamphetamine (IMP). All of these patients also had a nuclear magnetic
      resonance (NMR) study. In those patients diagnosed as having senile dementia of
      the Alzheimer type a bilateral reduction in IMP uptake in the temporo-parieto
      occipital region was always seen. The NMR appearances were normal in 64% of these
      sites. The IMP images of patients with multi-infarct dementia varied from normal
      to marked focal deficits. There was, however, a much closer agreement between the
      abnormalities seen on the IMP and NMR images. In alcoholic dementia no focal
      areas of reduced IMP uptake were seen, although the uptake was generally
      irregular. In both Korsakoff's psychosis and Huntington's chorea the IMP uptake
      pattern and the NMR study were normal.

PMID- 3712091
TI  - Specification of regional wall motion abnormalities by phase analysis of
      radionuclide angiograms in coronary artery disease and non-coronary artery
      disease patients.
AB  - Fourier transform of gated radionuclide ventriculograms (RNV) permits the
      quantitative evaluation of regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMA) regarding
      both regional magnitude (amplitude display) and regional time sequence of
      contraction (phase display). In this study, an attempt was made to further
      specify coronary artery disease (CAD) and non-CAD RWMA detected on consecutive
      exercise RNV in 17 patients (pts) with proven severe CAD; or on resting RNV in 24
      pts with transmural myocardial infarction (MI) compared with 27 pts after
      treatment with daunorubicin (DAU). RWMA were defined objectively from parametric
      images by a decrease of the sectorial amplitude by more than 2 s.d.s of normal as
      determined by quantification of RNV studies of 20 normal individuals. In 15 out
      of 17 CAD pts (88%) and in 19 out of 24 MI pts (79%), a significantly decreased
      regional amplitude was found. Importantly, in all abnormal CAD and MI amplitude
      scans (100%), a significantly abnormal phase delay in the same region could be
      noted. In five out of 27 pts on DAU (18%) an apical hypokinesis could be
      verified. In comparison with CAD pts, however, the phase distribution was normal
      in all these DAU pts. Thus, standardized phase analysis of RNV data provides a
      powerful tool for specifying RWMA. It allows a highly specific separation of RWMA
      caused by exercise-induced ischemia, MI, or DAU.

PMID- 3712092
TI  - Effect of exercise position during stress testing on cardiac and pulmonary
      thallium kinetics and accuracy in evaluating coronary artery disease.
AB  - We compared the effects of symptom-limited upright and supine exercise on 201Tl
      distribution and kinetics in the heart and lungs of 100 consecutive patients. Our
      analysis was based on data obtained with a digital gamma camera in the 45 degrees
      left anterior oblique position at 5, 40, 240, and 275 min postadministration of
      [201Tl]chloride. We found significant differences in the results at the 5- and 40
      min intervals; viz, higher cardiac and lower pulmonary thallium activity after
      upright exercise in 94 subjects at both intervals, and greater variability in
      total and regional cardiac thallium kinetics after supine exercise. With supine
      exercise, the relatively low initial cardiac activity, relatively high lung
      activity, and the greater variability in thallium kinetics combined to make
      interpretation of quantitative data and cardiac images difficult and less
      accurate with respect to detection of coronary artery disease. These observations
      have important implications for the interpreting physician when thallium stress
      tests are performed in the supine position.

PMID- 3712093
TI  - Moire interference in gamma camera quality assurance images.
AB  - Moire interference effects have been noted in gamma camera images for some time.
      Recent work has shown that the effects are still prevalent with the current
      generation of cameras, though apparently dependent upon collimator design. All
      previous work has been related to bar phantom images only. This paper also
      demonstrates a variety of moire effects using the Anger "pie" phantom. Some of
      the principles underlying moire interference as they apply to gamma cameras are
      given and possible uses of the effects are discussed, as well as the limitations
      they impose upon the use of certain test objects in routine quality assurance
      testing.

PMID- 3712094
TI  - Immunoreactivity assay for labeled anti-melanoma monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - A convenient, rapid, and reproducible assay was developed to evaluate the
      immunoreactivity of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies against three different
      human melanoma-associated antigens, p97, a proteoglycan and a GD3 ganglioside. A
      cloned melanoma cell line (M 2669 CL 13) was selected as the target and, when
      fixed with paraformaldehyde, showed binding as good as or better than that
      obtained with live cells for the three antigens. Fixed cells retained good
      binding properties stored at 4 degrees C for over 6 mo. This assay has general
      applicability to other antigen-antibody systems for testing chemically modified
      monoclonal antibodies or fragments during the development of a
      radiopharmaceutical or as a routine quality control measure for clinical agents.

PMID- 3712095
TI  - Dynamic process captured on a single image: an approach to screening for abnormal
      superior vena caval flow.
AB  - A strategy for displaying and archiving dynamic quantitative data from
      scintigraphic imaging is described and applied to diagnosing obstructed thoracic
      veins. A prospective series of 25 patients with concurrent radiographic contrast
      and tracer venograms along with 49 controls showed a 33% sensitivity, comparable
      to previously published data. The use of first harmonic Fourier analysis enhanced
      the screening value of the test by identifying all abnormals. Moreover, this
      format captured the dynamic physiologic data on a single photograph. This
      technique is readily available to nearly any nuclear imaging laboratory equipped
      with a gamma camera and a computer.

PMID- 3712096
TI  - Lung ventilation studies with technetium-99m Pseudogas.
AB  - Technetium-99m Pseudogas is an ultrafine near monodisperse aerosol of 0.12
      microgram diam particle size. This report describes initial clinical experiences
      with 27 patients referred for investigation of suspected pulmonary embolism, and
      in whom Pseudogas ventilation images were compared with a high quality commercial
      aerosol. An additional group of ten patients with severe COPD was examined in a
      comparative trial of Pseudogas with 81mKr. Pseudogas was better than a
      conventional aerosol in reaching a diagnosis of pulmonary embolism using a simple
      blinded comparison with coded images. In addition, bronchial deposition was
      minimal unless COPD was severe. Moderately well patients had no difficulty
      inhaling the necessary activity in one or two breaths, and even severely ill and
      frail aged persons could accomplish the passive breathing maneuver in less than a
      minute. Clearance of Pseudogas was directly to the systemic circulation with a
      half-time of 10 min in normal subjects extending up to 100 min in patients with
      airways disease.

PMID- 3712097
TI  - Technetium-99m-labeled phosphonic acid analog of serine: bone uptake.
AB  - A phosphonic acid analog of serine (PAAS), its P-methyl derivative, and an allied
      compound were labeled with 99mTc, and evaluated in experimental animals. These
      molecules were able to bind 99mTc in the presence of stannous ions, but the
      biologic behavior of the later two labeled compounds was quite different from
      that of the first one. Technetium-99m-labeled PAAS behaved like 99mTc-labeled
      methylene diphosphonate, but its P-methyl derivative and the third agent showed
      little bone accumulation. It appears that both hydroxyl groups attached to the
      phosphorus atom are essential for uptake in bone, but that only one is required
      for binding 99mTc.

PMID- 3712098
TI  - Radiochemical purity and in vitro stability of commercial hippurans.
AB  - Good radiochemical purity of hippuran is important regarding the patient's
      radiation dose, primarily because of the high thyroid exposure from free iodide.
      The radiochemical purity and in vitro stability of 11 commercially available
      131I, 125I, and 123I hippurans were analyzed by means of thin layer
      chromatography. Three different radioactive impurities were found in all hippuran
      samples: (a) free radioiodide, (b) a radiochemical impurity that has been unknown
      up until now, and (c) labeled o-iodobenzoic acid. Quality control of several
      hippurans with regard to radiochemical purity gave evidence of considerable
      differences during storage. The lowest amount of free-iodide was 0-0.6% in a
      hippuran preparation from one manufacturer, the highest amount 0.8-4.6% in a
      sample from another manufacturer. Hippuran samples from four other manufacturers
      were found to contain greater than 2% of free iodide prior to their expiration
      date.

PMID- 3712099
TI  - The American Board of Nuclear Medicine, Inc.: Fifteen years of growth and
      progress.

PMID- 3712100
TI  - Effect of delay in imaging.

PMID- 3712101
TI  - Attenuation correction and lag period in gastric emptying studies.

PMID- 3712102
TI  - Iodine-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine.

PMID- 3712103
TI  - Activity per unit volume: a pitfall in predicting size.

PMID- 3712105
TI  - Influence of chronic intake of new sweetener fructooligosaccharide (Neosugar) on
      growth and gastrointestinal function of the rat.
AB  - The influence of the chronic intake of a newly developed sweetener named
      "Neosugar" (fructooligosaccharide) on body weight gain, organ weight, serum
      lipids, fecal excretion and intestinal function was investigated in rats. The
      following results were obtained. Body weight gain was diminished more severely in
      rats fed on 20% Neosugar diet than in rats fed on 10% Neosugar diet. The wet
      weights of cecum and colon were greatly increased by Neosugar feeding. Fecal wet
      weight was significantly increased and gastrointestinal transit time was
      shortened by Neosugar feeding compared with those of the control group. Serum
      triacylglycerol levels were significantly lower in rats fed Neosugar, whereas
      serum cholesterol levels were similar to those of the control group. Fecal
      excretions of neutral sterol and volatile fatty acids were significantly
      increased by Neosugar feeding. These results were quite similar, with the
      exception of diarrhea to those obtained using a dietary fiber such as
      glucomannan. Therefore, Neosugar with a pleasant-tasting sweetness appears to be
      an unavailable oligosaccharide with a dietary-fiber-like action.

PMID- 3712104
TI  - Effect of ingested winged bean lectin on gastrointestinal function in the rat.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to provide further evidence for mechanisms
      proposed for the toxicity of ingested winged bean lectin in animals: to determine
      its effect on activities of some hydrolases localized in the brush border
      membrane of the small intestine. An adaptive increase in sucrase activity of rats
      given a high-sucrose diet (HSD) was restrained by the addition to HSD of a lectin
      fraction (WBLF) isolated from raw winged beans but not by that of heated WBLF or
      soybean trypsin inhibitor. Restraining effects of WBLF added to HSD on time
      course changes in activities of sucrase, alkaline phosphatase and leucine
      aminopeptidase of rats after giving HSD were similar to those of concanavalin A,
      which had been observed in the previous study. These results substantiate that
      the mechanism of the toxicity of ingested winged bean lectin involves its binding
      to the luminal surface of the small intestine and in turn disturbing the
      functional formation of the brush border membrane.

PMID- 3712106
TI  - Effect of methionine supplementation of a soy protein isolate on short-term
      nitrogen balance in young women.
AB  - The effect of L-methionine supplementation on the utilization of a soy protein
      isolate (SPI) was evaluated by short-term nitrogen balance studies in young
      women. Thirteen female students were given SPI in an initial period and SPI
      supplemented with 1% methionine in a second period immediately after menstruation
      as the sole source of protein. After one day on protein-free diet, each subject
      received conventional low-protein diet for three days, and then low protein,
      semisynthetic diet containing 0.5 g/kg/day (seven subjects) or 0.3 g/kg/day (six
      subjects) of SPI or SPI supplemented with methionine for seven days. The energy
      intake was approximately of a maintenance level of 36.5 +/- 3.8 kcal/kg/day. The
      mean N balances of the subjects at an intake level of 0.5 g/kg/day in the SPI
      period and methionine supplemented period were -6.2 +/- 12.6 mg N/kg and -9.8 +/-
      9.8 mg N/kg, respectively, while their N balances at an intake level of 0.3
      g/kg/day were -17.8 +/- 7.2 mg N/kg in the SPI period and -15.5 +/- 3.0 mg N/kg
      in the methionine supplemented period. There was no significant difference
      between the values in the SPI and methionine supplemented periods at both levels
      of protein intake. Blood analyses were carried out before and after the SPI
      period and after the period of methionine supplementation. The urinary creatinine
      and urea excretions during these periods were not markedly affected.

PMID- 3712107
TI  - Changes in the tocopherol and unsaturated fatty acid constituents of spices after
      pasteurization with superheated steam.
AB  - The following five spices were pasteurized with superheated steam, as given in
      parentheses: origanum (1 kg/cm2, 132 degrees C, 3.5 sec), laurel (0.5 kg/cm2, 118
      degrees C, 3.5 sec), turmeric (2 kg/cm2, 160 degrees C, 5 sec), coriander (1
      kg/cm2, 140 degrees C, 5 sec), and aniseed (1 kg/cm2, 140 degrees C 5 sec). The
      detected tocopherols and other constituents were as follows: origanum (alpha-,
      beta-, gamma-, delta-), laurel (alpha-, beta-), turmeric (so little that no
      comparison could be made), coriander (almost no tocopherols), and aniseed (alpha
      , beta-, delta-). The tocopherols and unsaturated fatty acid constituents of
      origanum, laurel, aniseed and coriander underwent little change after
      pasteurization with superheated steam, indicating stability, which may be due to
      the synergistic effect of tocopherols and phenolic compounds present in these
      spices.

PMID- 3712108
TI  - Regulation of ornithine aminotransferase in rat kidney by estradiol and
      pyridoxine.
AB  - Increased synthesis of ornithine aminotransferase [EC 2.6.1.13] (OAT) in the
      kidney of pyridoxine-deficient rats has been reported previously (Ikeda, M. and
      Okada, M. (1985): J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol., 31, 553-561). In this report the
      effects of 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (T3) and estradiol on OAT activity in the
      kidney of rats given pyridoxine-deficient and control diets were studied. T3
      induced renal OAT activity in rats given the control diet but not in those given
      the pyridoxine-deficient diet. On the other hand, estradiol induced renal OAT
      activity in both deficient and control rats, the levels induced in the two groups
      being the same. Maximal induction of OAT occurred at a lower dose of estradiol in
      pyridoxine-deficient rats than in the controls. When rats fed on pyridoxine
      deficient diet were pretreated with pyridoxine for several days, OAT induction by
      estradiol was suppressed. Thus pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) may modulate OAT
      activity in rat kidney through the action of estradiol.

PMID- 3712109
TI  - Casein phosphopeptide (CPP) enhances calcium absorption from the ligated segment
      of rat small intestine.
AB  - A casein phosphopeptide (CPP) was prepared from beta-casein of cow's milk and the
      effect of this peptide on the absorption of calcium from a ligated segment of rat
      small intestine was investigated. CPP injected into a ligated loop of rat small
      intestine enhanced absorption of calcium from the loop and augmented the
      deposition of calcium in the femur. Furthermore, CPP inhibited the precipitation
      of calcium phosphate in vitro, suggesting that this peptide enhances calcium
      absorption from the small intestinal lumen by increasing the concentration of
      soluble calcium. This new evidence confirms our previous hypothesis that CPP is
      an important factor in raising the availability of calcium in milk.

PMID- 3712110
TI  - Reexamination of canavanine disappearance during germination of alfalfa (Medicago
      sativa).
AB  - It was proved that the canavanine present during germination of alfalfa both in
      the dark and in the light does not decrease and in fact increases a little,
      despite earlier papers having described the disappearance of canavanine during
      germination of alfalfa. The presence of canavanine in alfalfa sprouts was
      confirmed by isolation and comparison with an authentic specimen.
      Deaminocanavanine was also isolated from both seeds and sprouts of alfalfa, but
      it is not clear whether this canavanine derivative is a natural product or an
      artifact formed from canavanine during isolation procedures.

PMID- 3712111
TI  - Plasma level of branched chain alpha-amino acids following its alpha-keto acid
      administration to rats.
AB  - To detect the effective substance accelerating the conversion of branched chain
      alpha-keto acids (BCKA) to corresponding amino acids, some sugars, sugar
      alcohols, ethanol, octanoate and ATP were tested with intravenous injection of
      three BCKA to rats. Plasma leucine levels 30 min after BCKA injection in rats,
      which were infused with 2 M solution of fructose or sorbitol, reached the
      significantly high peak corresponding to 860% and 790% of the basal levels.
      Administration of ethanol (2 or 3.5 M) or octanoate (4.5 mM) also resulted in
      significantly high levels of leucine in plasma following BCKA injection as
      compared with control. Molar ratio of plasma branched chain amino acid
      (BCAA)/aromatic amino acid 30 min after BCKA injection increased to 12.9 in
      control rats. The ratios 60 and 120 min after BCKA administration were
      significantly higher in rats treated with ethanol (3.5 M) or octanoate (4.5 mM)
      than those in control. These results suggest that infusion of the metabolites
      inducing high NADH/NAD ratio in their metabolic pathways results in inhibition of
      BCKA decarboxylation and, as a result, enhancement of transamination of BCKA into
      BCAA.

PMID- 3712112
TI  - Digestion and absorption of sugars and sugar substitutes in rat small intestine.
AB  - The bioavailability of newly developed sugar substitutes was observed by
      measuring the transmural potential difference (delta PD) evoked by Na+-dependent
      active transport of glucose, which is supposed to be produced by the hydrolysis
      of sugar substitutes. delta PD was measured using everted intestinal sac prepared
      from jejunum of adult rats and compared with the digestibility of sugar
      substitutes in the mucosal homogenate of everted sac. delta PDs evoked by
      glucose, maltose or maltosylfructose had almost the same levels, however, the
      delta PD evoked by sucrose was a little lower. delta PDs evoked by maltitol or
      palatinose were low, and delta PDs evoked by fructo-oligosaccharides were
      negligible. The hydrolyzing activities of these sugars and sugar substitutes by
      the mucosal homogenate were correlated with the delta PDs. A significant positive
      correlation was observed between delta PDmax of various sugars and sugar
      substitutes and the Vmax of their corresponding hydrolyzing activities. Also, a
      significant positive correlation was observed between Kt and Km values of these
      sugars. These results suggest that the absorption of sugar substitutes is
      dependent on digestibility by membrane digestive enzymes.

PMID- 3712113
TI  - Extent, persistence, and constancy of the healthy worker or healthy person effect
      by all and selected causes of death.
AB  - Hypotheses about the extent, persistence, and constancy for different causes of
      the healthy worker effect are evaluated using the data of the Dorn Study of
      Mortality Among US Veterans. Those data were selected because persons who qualify
      to serve in the armed forces have health status comparable to that of persons
      able to seek employment. Mortality rates for 5-year age groups and standardized
      mortality ratios for younger, older, and all age groups were computed and
      compared to those of the US population for all causes, all cancers, heart
      disease, stroke, and selected other causes of death. A healthy worker effect of
      20% to 40% reduced mortality was shown to persist over the entire age range for
      the various causes. The overall effect for all causes is 27%.

PMID- 3712114
TI  - Correction of urinary mercury concentration by specific gravity, osmolality, and
      creatinine.
AB  - Corrections for specific gravity, osmolality, and creatinine were applied to
      identical urinary mercury data in order to investigate the reproducibility of the
      corrected mercury concentration in a person's urinary spot samples throughout a
      24-hour period; and the extent to which it is possible to predict a person's 24
      hour mercury excretion from the corrected mercury concentration in the
      corresponding spot samples. The data indicate that on the average these
      corrections improve reproducibility by a factor of approximately 2. In individual
      cases, the uncorrected and corrected values of mercury concentration can differ
      by as much as a factor of 6. Similar effects were observed in the correlation of
      the mercury concentration of a spot sample and the corresponding 24-hour
      excretion of mercury. For this set of data, the corrections for specific gravity
      and osmolality turned out to be almost identical. The correction for creatinine
      was more effective than the other corrections by a small but statistically
      significant amount.

PMID- 3712115
TI  - Recognition of occupation-induced posttraumatic stress disorders.
AB  - Because many occupationally exposed workers are disabled by medically unexplained
      symptoms, the authors set out to develop etiologically, prognostically, and
      therapeutically distinct diagnostic categories for these patients. Rigorous
      diagnostic criteria were applied to a sample of 21 patients with disproportionate
      disability: three patients had typical posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD),
      seven had atypical PTSD, and the remainder suffered somatoform disorders.
      Recognition of PTSD is important because, unlike somatoform disorders, PTSD often
      responds to appropriate treatment. Some of the factors that may lead to PTSD are
      discussed, based on the case series. Using case examples, the authors discuss the
      diagnostic criteria for typical and atypical PTSD; differentiate these from
      somatoform disorders; and discuss the implications of the study for prevention of
      PTSD and for case management.

PMID- 3712116
TI  - Subchronic inhalation toxicology of carbon fibers.
AB  - Male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to carbon fibers 7 microns in diameter and
      20 to 60 microns in length, for six hours a day and five days a week for up to 16
      weeks at an average chamber concentration of 20 mg/m3. Rats were killed at 4, 8,
      12, and 16 weeks of exposure and after a 32-week postexposure recovery period. A
      similar number of control rats exposed only to air were killed at the same times.
      Pulmonary function tests, conducted just prior to the animals' death, did not
      demonstrate any significant or consistent changes. The only pulmonary finding
      that could be causally related to the subchronic inhalation of carbon fibers was
      phagocytosis of the inhaled particles by alveolar macrophages. This physiologic
      response was not accompanied by any local reactive pulmonary inflammation or
      fibrosis.

PMID- 3712117
TI  - Self-reported physical and psychological effects following a malathion pesticide
      incident.
AB  - To assess effects attributed to malathion which escaped from an overheated tank
      at a chemical plant in Linden, New Jersey, researchers surveyed seamen subjects
      (n = 22) on board a nearby tanker and seamen control subjects (n = 21). Self
      report measurement strategies included a medical review of body systems, the
      "demoralization" scale reflecting psychological symptoms of distress,
      demographics, and factors that may buffer stress, specifically, social support
      and knowledge regarding toxic chemicals. Self-reported postincident physical
      health differences between the two groups of seamen were noted. There were no
      differences between subjects and control subjects on demoralization levels.
      Further analysis indicated higher levels of demoralization among less
      knowledgeable seamen subjects.

PMID- 3712118
TI  - Psychosocial aspects of the work environment: a group approach.

PMID- 3712119
TI  - Biochemical urine screening: rationale and advantages.

PMID- 3712120
TI  - The establishment of health care policy in the United States.

PMID- 3712121
TI  - Abolishment of the insanity defense--the only logical course.

PMID- 3712122
TI  - Tensile properties of the medial collateral ligament as a function of age.
AB  - The biomechanical properties of the rabbit medial collateral ligament (MCL) as a
      function of maturation and age were investigated. Femur-MCL-tibia (F-M-T)
      preparations were obtained from rabbits of different age groups (open or closed
      epiphysis). Parallel increases in the animal body weight and ligament cross
      sectional area were recorded with age. Cyclic and tensile failure tests were
      performed to obtain the structural properties of the F-M-T complex and the
      mechanical properties of the MCL substance. There were significant increases in
      the load at failure, energy-absorbing capability of the bone-ligament junction,
      and in the tensile strength of the ligament substance as a result of maturation
      and subsequent aging. Increases in the area of hysteresis obtained during cyclic
      loading-unloading were also documented. At the closing of the epiphysis, the mode
      of failure of the F-M-T structure progressed from tibial avulsion to failure in
      the midsubstance of the ligament. An asynchronous rate of maturation was observed
      between the structural properties of the bone-ligament complex and the mechanical
      properties of the ligament substance.

PMID- 3712123
TI  - The in vivo kinematics of the rheumatoid wrist.
AB  - The objectives of this study were to describe the three-dimensional in vivo
      kinematic behavior of wrists affected by rheumatoid arthritis, to correlate
      kinematic parameters and two radiographic indices of carpal disease, and to
      describe the in vivo kinematic behavior of the Swanson Silastic wrist implant.
      Fifteen normal wrists, 17 rheumatoid wrists, and 7 wrists with Silastic wrist
      implants were tested using a three-dimensional sonic digitizing system. The
      motion of the hand segment relative to the forearm segment, corresponding to the
      positions exhibited during flexion-extension motion (FEM) and radial-ulnar
      deviation (RUD), was described using the equivalent screw displacement (ESD)
      concept. The mean magnitudes of ESD rotation for both FEM and RUD were
      statistically different (p less than 0.05) among the normal, rheumatoid, and
      implant groups. The remaining ESD parameters (i.e., mean values for the
      translation, the direction angles of the ESD axis, and the intercepts of this
      axis with the planes of motion), the minimum separation between the FEM and RUD
      axes, and the coordinates of the midpoint of this separation were not
      statistically different (p greater than 0.05) among the normal, rheumatoid, and
      implant groups. The two radiographic indices (carpal collapse and carpal
      translation) did not correlate with the magnitude of rotation or with any other
      ESD parameter.

PMID- 3712124
TI  - Three-dimensional load-displacement curves due to forces on the cervical spine.
AB  - Load-displacement curves were measured for six types of pure force loading of the
      cervical spine specimens obtained from fresh human cadavers. A new measuring and
      mounting technique was developed that yielded data for all of the functional
      spinal units for each specimen tested. All five of the coupled, as well as the
      main, load-displacement curves were studied. For anterior and posterior shear
      loadings, the main resulting motions were translation in that direction (1.6 +/-
      0.3 and 1.9 +/- 0.3 mm), and the major coupled motions were flexion and extension
      (3.6 degrees +/- 1.2 degrees and 6.3 degrees +/- 1.2 degrees). The main motions
      with right and left lateral shear loadings were translations laterally (1.4 +/-
      0.3 and 1.6 +/- 0.3 mm), and the major coupled motions were axial rotations (1.5
      degrees +/- 0.6 degrees and 2.3 degrees +/- 0.6 degrees) and not lateral bending.
      For compression and distraction loadings, the main motions were translations in
      that direction (0.7 +/- 0.3 and 1.1 +/- 0.3 mm), and the major coupled motions
      were flexion and extension (2.0 degrees +/- 1.0 degrees and 2.8 degrees +/- 1.0
      degrees) and lateral bending (1.4 degrees +/- 0.3 degrees and 1.9 degrees +/- 0.3
      degrees). The neutral zones for anterior and posterior shear forces were 1.6 +/-
      0.2 mm of translation and 5.8 degrees +/- 1.3 degrees of rotation, for lateral
      shear force 1.4 +/- 0.3 mm and 2.0 degrees +/- 0.5 degrees, and for
      compression/distraction 0.6 +/- 0.1 mm and 2.8 degrees +/- 0.9 degrees.

PMID- 3712125
TI  - The phenomenon of "ligamentization": anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
      with autogenous patellar tendon.
AB  - Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) with patellar tendon (PT)
      is a common procedure for the symptomatic ACL-deficient knee. Questions regarding
      graft incorporation, viability, and nutrition of the transplanted tissue are of
      concern. This relates to the graft's response to its new intrasynovial milieu and
      new physical forces. These factors were studied in a rabbit model of ACL
      reconstruction using PT and were evaluated with histological and biochemical
      parameters with respect to time. A histological and biochemical metamorphosis of
      the grafted PT occurred in this study. Autografts demonstrated a gradual
      assumption of the microscopic properties of normal ACL; by 30 weeks
      postoperatively, cell morphology was ligamentous in appearance. Normally, type
      III collagen is not observed in PT, however, a gradual increase in its
      concentration was seen in the grafts; by 30 weeks its concentration (10%) was the
      same as in normal ACL. Similarly, glycosaminoglycans content increased from its
      normally low level in PT to that found in native ACL. Collagen-reducible
      crosslink analysis demonstrated that grafted tissue changed from the normal PT
      pattern of low dihydroxylysinonorleucine (DHLNL) and high
      histidinohydroxymerodesmosine (HHMD) to the pattern seen in normal ACL (high
      DHLNL and low HHMD) by 30 weeks. These data suggest that when PT is placed in the
      anatomic and environmental milieu of the ACL, a "ligamentization" of the grafted
      tissue results; also the autograft initially depends on synovial fluid nutrition,
      as revascularization occurs after 6 weeks.

PMID- 3712127
TI  - Localization of technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate in bone using
      microautoradiography.
AB  - Technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate ([99mTc]MDP) is the most widely used bone
      scanning agent today. In order to determine the precise bone locus of 99mTc
      corresponding to the delayed bone scan image, and to test the potential clinical
      use of this agent in enhancing the information obtained by bone scan, we employed
      [99mTc]MDP in this microautoradiographic study of normal bone and bone reparative
      tissue. Four white rabbits underwent operations in which two 1.5-mm drill holes
      were created in the subtrochanteric regions of both of their femora. An
      additional four white rabbits underwent sham operations of their femora, in which
      neither drilling nor periosteal injury occurred. Two rabbits were controls and
      did not undergo operation. After 7 days, the first two groups of rabbits were
      injected with [99mTc]MDP and bone scanned 2 h later. After the scans were
      completed, all three groups of animals were killed and their femora
      histologically processed for microautoradiography and routine histopathology. In
      the two groups that were injected with [99mTc]MDP, all bones showed the isotope
      to be clearly localized along mineralization fronts. The isotope was occasionally
      found in the substance of the osteoid, but was absent from the cytoplasm and
      nuclei of osteoblasts and osteocytes. Osteocytic lacunae showed the presence of
      isotope at their borders, but no identifiable pattern of isotope uptake was
      noted. Neither osteoclasts nor Howships lacunae showed isotope uptake.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3712126
TI  - Vascular reorganization and return of rigidity in fracture healing.
AB  - The present study addresses the relationship between vascular reorganization and
      the biomechanical changes occurring during canine long bone fracture healing. A
      middiaphyseal osteotomy of the radius was performed, and angiographic studies
      were carried out using India ink injections from 2 to 12 weeks postosteotomy. The
      radii were harvested, subjected to nondestructive four-point bend testing on an
      Instron, and then sectioned and cleared according to the Spaltholtz technique.
      The observed microangiographic patterns were correlated with the calculated
      rigidity values. Quantitative bone blood flow measurements around the osteotomy
      were performed on a different group of animals, using the radiotracer microsphere
      technique, at 3, 6, and 9 weeks postosteotomy to correlate with our qualitative
      microangiographic results. We demonstrated a direct and predictable relationship
      between the phase of vascular reorganization and the rigidity. This correlation
      was present even in our delayed union specimens.

PMID- 3712128
TI  - Electrical stimulation of human muscle studied using 31P-nuclear magnetic
      resonance spectroscopy.
AB  - This study used phosphorous nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR) spectroscopy to
      examine the metabolic demand resulting from electrical muscle stimulation (EMS)
      applied to human skeletal muscle. For each of six subjects, the forearm flexor
      muscle group was monitored with 31P-NMR during both maximum voluntary and 6-s EMS
      induced contractions. A simple protocol using a tourniquet was added in one
      subject to assess the role of blood flow in this model. Eight hertz (nontetanic)
      EMS showed less (p less than 0.025) depletion of phosphocreatine (36%) than did
      tetanic 70-Hz EMS (60%), voluntary isometric (66%), and voluntary isokinetic
      (68%). The results of the tourniquet studies suggested that the nontetanic EMS
      allowed relatively increased muscle blood flow and oxygen supply during
      contraction. Tetanic EMS provided a similar metabolic demand to that of
      conventional resistive exercise, as measured by 31P-NMR spectroscopy.

PMID- 3712129
TI  - Tibial epiphyseal development: a cross-sectional histologic and histomorphometric
      study in the New Zealand white rabbit.
AB  - Sequential histomorphometric studies on the developing rabbit tibia from birth to
      skeletal maturity demonstrate that growth plate height lessens as longitudinal
      growth diminishes. Differing rates of development proximally and distally are
      documented. Distally, growth plate height, width, and area and total epiphyseal
      area peak or reach near maximum values by 3 weeks, whereas proximally, they do so
      by 8 weeks (except for height, which also peaks at 3 weeks). The distal growth
      plate is being obliterated by 16 weeks, at which time the proximal growth plate
      remains well structured and open. The distal tibia and fibula develop as one
      tissue mass. The articular cartilage and epiphyseal cartilage are continuous from
      birth, whereas a single ossification center and a single growth plate are present
      by 8 weeks. The data point to the presence of intrinsic growth plate, as well as
      systemic, control mechanisms affecting skeletal growth. Knowledge of temporal and
      quantitative features of epiphyseal and growth plate development will greatly aid
      in the elucidation of the underlying controls.

PMID- 3712130
TI  - A longitudinal study of the growth of the New Zealand white rabbit: cumulative
      and biweekly incremental growth rates for body length, body weight, femoral
      length, and tibial length.
AB  - This longitudinal study documents cumulative and incremental growth in the New
      Zealand white rabbit from 2 to 34 weeks of age at biweekly intervals. Body
      weight, body length, femoral length, and tibial length have been assessed in 17
      male and 12 female rabbits, with the data tabulated separately. A specially
      designed restrainer was used that allowed the sequential clinical measurements
      and femoral and tibial radiographs to be performed without the use of anesthesia.
      Skeletal growth was complete at 28 weeks, with the 34-week values thus
      representing mature adult lengths. The mean body weight at 2 weeks of age was 6%
      that at 34 weeks, and by 16 weeks, 72% of the weight at 34 weeks was achieved.
      Weight continued to increase in the adult. The mean body length at 2 weeks was
      40% that at 34 weeks, and by 16 weeks, 91% of mature adult length was achieved.
      The mean femoral length at 2 weeks was 38% of the adult length, and at 16 weeks,
      it reached 95% of adult length. The mean tibial length at 2 weeks was 38% of the
      adult length, and 94% of the adult value was achieved by 16 weeks. The
      longitudinal data document the rate and extent of growth of the New Zealand white
      rabbit, and allow for more accurate timing and quantitation of physical and
      systemic interventions on the developing skeleton of the commonly investigated
      New Zealand white rabbit.

PMID- 3712131
TI  - Auditory biofeedback in spastic diplegia.
AB  - Using a simple auditory feedback device that produces a continuous buzzing signal
      on heel contact, we studied the effects of augmented auditory biofeedback on the
      gait of four spastic diplegic children. The purpose of the biofeedback was to
      attempt to increase dorsiflexion at heel strike without causing other
      compensatory changes at the knee and hip, which might lead to crouch gait. We
      measured velocity, stride length, and thigh, knee, and ankle angles at the heel
      strike, midswing, and toe-off phases of gait. Four subjects, aged 5-8 years, were
      given a standard gait training program, supplemented with biofeedback two times
      per week in a clinical setting and 1 h daily in a home program over an 8-week
      period. Three computer video gait analyses of the sagittal plane were conducted
      without biofeedback in the pre- and posttraining conditions and twice with
      biofeedback over the course of treatment. We performed linear regression analysis
      of joint angles at heel strike, midswing, and toe-off as a function of days into
      the study for each patient. Angle-angle diagrams for a test subject before,
      during, and after treatment indicate changes toward a normal gait pattern with
      biofeedback. The linear regression analysis showed a statistically significant (p
      less than 0.01) shift toward dorsiflexion at heel strike with repeated exposure
      to biofeedback. A compensatory crouch gait was not induced. The linear regression
      analyses for hip and knee angles were not statistically significant (p greater
      than 0.25), indicating a disassociation of movement among hip, knee, and ankle.

PMID- 3712132
TI  - Bone density reports questioned.

PMID- 3712133
TI  - Esophageal investigations in patients with dysphagia.

PMID- 3712134
TI  - [High risk factors in congenital sensorineural hearing loss].

PMID- 3712135
TI  - [The diagnosis and treatment of tumors in the parapharyngeal space].

PMID- 3712136
TI  - [Speech rehabilitation for laryngectomees].

PMID- 3712137
TI  - [Morphological study of the permeability of blood vessels in the modiolus].

PMID- 3712138
TI  - [Electrophysiological diagnosis of peripheral facial palsy. 1. Clinical study].

PMID- 3712139
TI  - [Electrophysiological diagnosis of peripheral facial palsy. 2. Experimental
      study].

PMID- 3712140
TI  - [Adrenergic and cholinergic receptors in the human nasal mucosa].

PMID- 3712141
TI  - [Process of ear ossicle destruction in chronic otitis media].

PMID- 3712142
TI  - Intraindividual changes in theophylline clearance during constant aminophylline
      infusion in children with acute asthma.
AB  - Intraindividual changes in theophylline clearance were examined in 13 children
      with acute exacerbation of asthma receiving a 72-hour constant intravenous
      infusion of aminophylline. The mean (+/- SD) first, second, and third clearances
      measured at 24, 48, and 72 hours after the infusion increased from 58.1 +/- 13.8
      to 69.7 +/- 28.0 to 84.1 +/- 36.3 ml/hr/kg, respectively (P less than 0.02 from
      the first and P less than 0.05 from the second). Our results suggest that
      substantial intraindividual changes in theophylline clearance can occur over a
      rather short time during intravenously administered aminophylline therapy for
      acute asthma in children. We recommend that plasma theophylline concentrations be
      monitored frequently and that aminophylline infusion rate be adjusted on the
      basis of the measured theophylline concentration data during an acute episode of
      asthma in the pediatric patient.

PMID- 3712143
TI  - Toxic encephalopathy caused by topically applied diphenhydramine.

PMID- 3712144
TI  - Compliance with blood glucose monitoring in children with type 1 diabetes
      mellitus.
AB  - Compliance with blood glucose monitoring was studied in 18 children with type 1
      diabetes. Using specially equipped blood glucose reflectance meters, children
      monitored their blood glucose levels, with and without knowledge of the meter's
      memory capability. Poor compliance, as exhibited by fabricated test results (40%)
      and failure to record test results (18%), occurred in a significant proportion of
      children. Further research is needed to explore reasons for such behavior and to
      suggest strategies for improving compliance.

PMID- 3712145
TI  - Family support system in newborn medicine: does it work? Follow-up study of
      infants at risk.
AB  - Acute illness in early childhood generates chronic anxiety in parents, which may
      manifest itself in part by inappropriate use of health care. To minimize this and
      the development of other psychosocial sequelae associated with neonatal illness,
      a family support system (FSS) was developed and implemented in a neonatal
      intensive care unit. The effectiveness of the FSS was assessed by the evaluation
      of emergency room and inpatient hospital service utilization in 80 patients born
      before, and 90 patients born after the institution of the program. At the outset,
      the groups had similar medical and social characteristics. There was no
      difference between the two groups in the utilization of emergency services in the
      first year after discharge. However, during the second year the control group
      used the emergency room twice as often as the study group did (P less than
      0.025). During the first 2 years, half of the control group was readmitted,
      compared with less than a third of the study group (P less than 0.005). Overall,
      after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit the control group spent an
      average of 9 days per patient in hospital, compared with a mean of 3 days per
      patient in the study group (P less than 0.025). It appears, therefore, that the
      FSS may be an effective way to reduce some of the psychosocial sequelae of
      illness in newborn infants requiring intensive care.

PMID- 3712146
TI  - Poliovirus vaccines: live or dead.

PMID- 3712147
TI  - Acute splenic sequestration in sickle cell disease.

PMID- 3712148
TI  - Measurement of sweat osmolality by microosmometry.

PMID- 3712149
TI  - Thrombocytopenia with actinomycin-D therapy.

PMID- 3712150
TI  - Theophylline to prevent post-extubation respiratory failure.

PMID- 3712151
TI  - Reactions to pertussis immunization.

PMID- 3712152
TI  - Reye syndrome in connective tissue disease.

PMID- 3712153
TI  - Primary invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease: a population-based
      assessment of risk factors.
AB  - We performed a population-based case-control study of risk factors for primary
      invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease in metropolitan Atlanta from
      July 1, 1983, through June 30, 1984. Active surveillance identified 102 cases in
      children less than 5 years of age, 89 of whom lived in households with
      telephones. We used random digit dialing to select 530 controls who were
      postmatched to cases by age. Multivariate analysis showed a significant
      association between Hib disease and two independent exposure factors, household
      crowding (odds ratio (OR) 2.7, 95% confidence limits (CL) 1.3 to 5.6) and day
      care attendance. For day-care attendance, relative risk was highest in 2- to 5
      month-old infants (OR 17.7, 95% CL 5.8 to 54.4) and declined to 9.4 (4.3 to 20.9)
      at ages 6 to 11 months, 5.0 (2.7 to 9.3) at 12 to 23 months, 2.7 (1.3 to 5.5) at
      24 to 35 months, and 1.4 (0.5 to 4.0) in 36- to 59-month-old children. Fifty
      percent of all invasive Hib disease that occurred during the study period was
      attributable to exposure to day-care; the attributable risk for household
      crowding was 18%. Dose-response effects were observed for hours per week of day
      care attendance and extent of household crowding. Breast-feeding was protective
      for infants less than 6 months of age (OR 0.08, 95% CL 0.01 to 0.59). After
      controlling for socioeconomic and other confounding factors, we could demonstrate
      no effect of black race on cumulative risk of invasive Hib disease. Our study
      defines high-risk groups and provides a population-based model of the
      interrelationship between risk factors associated with invasive Hib disease.

PMID- 3712154
TI  - Effect of carbohydrate ingested on outcome in infants with mild gastroenteritis.
AB  - Children with mild acute gastroenteritis have not been observed for specific
      evidence of lactose intolerance yet are frequently fed a nonlactose formula. To
      determine whether such intervention is justified, 85 infants with mild acute
      gastroenteritis were followed prospectively. Infants were blindly and randomly
      assigned to 20 calorie/oz formula containing one of four carbohydrates: lactose,
      sucrose, polycose, or combined sucrose-polycose. Daily diaries were kept by
      parents, and patients were reexamined on days 2, 7, and 14 of the study. Evidence
      for rotavirus was detected in 23 infants, and five had bacterial pathogens.
      Symptoms resolved in most patients within 7 days, but five infants were
      subsequently hospitalized. Stool frequency, weight gain, and need for
      hospitalization did not differ significantly among the groups. Recovery from mild
      acute gastroenteritis occurred within 2 weeks irrespective of carbohydrate
      ingested.

PMID- 3712155
TI  - Esophageal motor abnormalities in children with gastroesophageal reflux and
      peptic esophagitis.
AB  - Esophageal motility was studied in 26 children with gastroesophageal reflux. In
      11 patients (group A), esophagitis was severe; in the remaining 15 (group B),
      either mild or no microscopic changes were found. Lower esophageal sphincter
      pressure and amplitude, as well as velocity and duration of esophageal pressure
      waves, were manometrically measured. All patients underwent a 12-week intensive
      antacid course. Manometric tracings, blindly read, were compared with those of 16
      age-matched children with emesis without proven reflux (group C). Among the
      variables analyzed, amplitude of the motor waves was significantly lower in
      patients with severe esophagitis than in group B and C patients (P less than
      0.01). Nonspecific motor defects (simultaneous, broad-based, double-peaked waves)
      were more commonly present in group A. At the end of therapy, symptoms had either
      disappeared or significantly improved. Endoscopic and histologic studies showed
      disappearance of the severe inflammatory changes. Manometry, repeated in patients
      with cured severe esophagitis, showed normalization of the amplitude and
      significant decrease of the nonspecific motility abnormalities. We conclude that
      severe gastroesophageal reflux disease in children causes esophageal motor
      dysfunction, resulting from esophageal inflammation. The occurrence of esophageal
      motility disorders only in patients with severe esophagitis and its disappearance
      after therapy may account for the favorable course of reflux disease in infancy.

PMID- 3712156
TI  - Infant mortality among subsequent siblings of infants who died of sudden infant
      death syndrome.
AB  - A specially designed method for measuring infant mortality among families with
      subsequent siblings of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) victims in the state
      of Washington, 1969 to 1984, yielded results similar to those from an earlier
      study in Norway. In both studies the SIDS rates among siblings were substantially
      lower than prior estimates. The rate of SIDS in siblings of infants who died of
      SIDS did not differ significantly from the SIDS rate among control infants
      matched for maternal age and birth order. Total infant mortality rates in the two
      groups were virtually identical. From the data at hand, it appears that earlier
      estimates of the risk of SIDS in siblings were inflated and that parents of SIDS
      victims can be counseled accordingly.

PMID- 3712157
TI  - Myocardial infarction in Kawasaki disease: clinical analyses in 195 cases.
AB  - We analyzed clinical data from 195 patients (141 boys) with myocardial infarction
      complicating Kawasaki disease, collected from 74 major hospitals in Japan. The
      myocardial infarction usually occurred within the first year of illness, but
      27.2% of the patients had myocardial infarction more than 1 year later. In 63% of
      the patients it occurred during sleep or at rest. The main symptoms of acute
      myocardial infarction were shock, unrest, vomiting, abdominal pain, and chest
      pain; chest pain was much more frequently recognized in the survivors and in
      older patients. The myocardial infarctions were asymptomatic in 37% of the
      patients. Twenty-two percent of the patients died during the first attack.
      Sixteen percent of the survivors of a first attack had a second attack. Forty
      three percent of all survivors of the first or subsequent attack are doing well;
      however, others have some type of cardiac dysfunction, such as mitral
      regurgitation, decreased ejection fraction of the left ventricle, or left
      ventricular aneurysm. Coronary angiographic studies indicate that in most of the
      fatal cases there was obstruction either in the main left coronary artery or in
      both the main right coronary artery and the anterior descending artery. In
      survivors, one-vessel obstruction was frequently recognized, particularly in the
      right coronary artery.

PMID- 3712158
TI  - High persistence rate of established coronary artery lesions secondary to
      Kawasaki disease among a panethnic Canadian population.
AB  - The incidence of resolution of proximal coronary artery lesions subsequent to
      Kawasaki disease over an 11-year period was studied retrospectively. In 28
      patients proximal coronary artery lesions were identified by two-dimensional
      echocardiography or angiography at 1 to 3 months after disease onset. Follow-up
      data were adequate in 27 patients, 17 of whom were boys; 18 were white, two
      black, four Oriental (non-Japanese), and three of East Indian origin. Age at
      onset of Kawasaki disease ranged from 11 weeks to 9 years (mean 2.5 years).
      Coronary artery lesions were categorized as ectatic (internal diameter greater
      than 3 mm in those less than 5 years of age) or aneurysmal (internal lumen of a
      segment one and one-half times larger than an adjacent segment). Resolution was
      assessed by two-dimensional echocardiography or angiography during a follow-up
      period of 3 months to 11 years (mean 2.7 years). Apparent resolution (vessel
      diameter less than 3 mm) of coronary artery lesions occurred in four (15%)
      patients--one with aneurysmal lesions, three with ectatic lesions--all within 1
      year of disease onset. Eight patients developed myocardial infarction; one of
      these patients died. The resolution rate was less than previously reported. This
      high rate would warrant closer attention to the state and sequelae of coronary
      artery lesions, including obstructive coronary artery disease, in follow-up
      assessments.

PMID- 3712159
TI  - Issues in evaluating child health supervision.

PMID- 3712160
TI  - Family support: does it work?

PMID- 3712161
TI  - Hepatitis in household contacts of patients with hemophilia who have received
      multiple transfusions.

PMID- 3712162
TI  - Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency: neuropathologic changes acquired in utero.

PMID- 3712163
TI  - Ollier disease (enchondromatosis) associated with ovarian juvenile granulosa cell
      tumor and precocious pseudopuberty.

PMID- 3712164
TI  - Pheochromocytoma and multiple intracerebral aneurysms.

PMID- 3712166
TI  - Energy balance in low birth weight infants fed formula of high or low medium
      chain triglyceride content.
AB  - We tested the effect on energy balance of the partial substitution of medium
      chain for long-chain triglycerides in the diet of growing low birth weight
      infants. Fifteen infants were studied in a randomized double-blind crossover
      clinical trial in which each infant was fed each of two formulas, which were of
      equal gross energy and protein content but differed in fat composition. The high
      medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) formula contained medium- and long-chain
      triglycerides in a weight/weight ratio of 46:54; in the low MCT formula the ratio
      was 4:96. The hypothesis tested was that under conditions of equal gross energy
      intake the two diets would differ in their digestible and metabolizable energy
      contents and would produce differences in the infants' rates of energy
      expenditure and energy storage. Gross energy intakes averaged 562 and 555
      kJ/kg/day (134 and 133 kcal/kg/day) with the high and low MCT formulas,
      respectively. With each diet, coefficients of energy digestibility (0.93) and
      metabolizability (0.91) were identical; the rates of energy expenditure were 262
      (high MCT) and 265 (low MCT) kJ/kg/day (63 kcal/kg/day for both diets), and of
      energy storage were 246 (high MCT) and 239 (low MCT) kJ/kg/day (59 and 57
      kcal/day). These differences were not significant. There were also no significant
      differences between the two diets in coefficients of nitrogen retention (mean
      0.70) or in rate of weight gain (mean 21.5 gm/kg/day). The use of high MCT
      content in infant formula neither provided a nutritional advantage in energy
      digestibility or metabolizability nor resulted in an increased rate of energy
      expenditure or of energy storage.

PMID- 3712165
TI  - Effects of varying protein and energy intakes on growth and metabolic response in
      low birth weight infants.
AB  - Growth (weight, length, head circumference, and skinfold thickness), retention of
      major nutrients (nitrogen, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, and phosphorus),
      and chemical indices of protein adequacy (plasma albumin and transthyretin
      concentrations) and excess (blood urea nitrogen concentration and acid-base
      status; plasma amino acid concentrations) were determined serially from the time
      desired intake was tolerated until discharge weight (2200 gm) was reached in low
      birth weight infants (birth weight 900 to 1750 gm) fed one of three formulas,
      which provided protein and energy intakes, respectively, of 2.24 gm/kg/day and
      115 kcal/kg/day (group 1), 3.6 gm/kg/day and 115 kcal/kg/day (group 2), and 3.5
      gm/kg/day and 149 kcal/kg/day (group 3). Weight gain and rate of increase in
      length and head circumference were less in group 1 than in groups 2 and 3.
      Retention of most major nutrients also was less in group 1, as was blood urea
      nitrogen concentration, plasma albumin and transthyretin concentrations, and
      plasma concentrations of several amino acids. The rate of weight gain was not
      significantly greater in group 3 than in group 2, but the rate of increase in
      skinfold thickness was greater in this group. Neither nutrient retention nor
      metabolic indices differed between groups 2 and 3. These results suggest that a
      protein intake of 2.24 gm/kg/day is inadequate for the type of LBW infants
      studied, that the higher protein intakes are well tolerated, and that an energy
      intake of 149 vs 115 kcal/kg/day does not enhance utilization of the higher
      protein intakes studied.

PMID- 3712167
TI  - Antenatal betamethasone therapy: effects on maternal, fetal, and neonatal
      mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and progestins.

PMID- 3712168
TI  - Estimation of urine specific gravity in neonates with a reagent strip.

PMID- 3712169
TI  - Field observations on the population dynamics of Bulinus globosus, the
      intermediate host of Schistosoma haematobium in the Ifakara area, Tanzania.
AB  - The population dynamics of Bulinus globosus were studied in a stream and an
      adjacent pool near Ifakara, Tanzania. Experiments with caged snails were used to
      determine fecundity, hatching rates, growth and mortality. Growth and mortality
      rates were also estimated for the natural population from successive size
      frequency distributions. Oviposition began in snails as small as 6.6 mm and there
      was a positive correlation between the size of the snails at oviposition and the
      number of embryos per egg mass. Fecundity was season-dependent. In the pool,
      snail growth was constant throughout the year, while in the stream, growth was
      markedly reduced during the rainy season. Mortality rates correlated with
      fluctuations in snail population density and were highest during the rainy season
      and among young snails. The high intrinsic rate of natural increase observed for
      B. globosus enables it to exist in habitats which alternate frequently between
      favorable and adverse conditions.

PMID- 3712170
TI  - Infectivity, growth, and development of Echinostoma revolutum (Digenea:
      Echinostomatidae) in the golden hamster, Mesocricetus auratus.
AB  - All 30 female golden hamsters, Mesocricetus auratus, each fed 100 +/- 25
      metacercarial cysts of Echinostoma revolutum were found to be infected 2 to 105
      days post-infection with 3 to 103 (avg. 38) flukes in the small intestine. Worm
      wet weights averaged 0.6 mg at 9 days, 3.5 mg at 14 days, and 19 mg at 42 days;
      average dry weights for the identical days were 0.2, 1.2 and 5.8 mg,
      respectively. The average body length of worms fixed in hot (80 C) alcohol
      formalin-acetic acid was 0.33 mm on day 2, 5.11 mm on day 10, 9.30 mm on day 42
      and 8.56 mm on day 105. Body and gonadal area increased rapidly from about day 5
      to 15 and then less rapidly. Eggs of E. revolutum were seen in the feces of 10%
      of the hamsters by day 9, 89% by day 10 and 100% by day 11. Eggs teased from
      worms, embryonated in tap water, and produced miracidia which infected lab-reared
      Helisoma trivolvis.

PMID- 3712171
TI  - Dot-ELISA assessment of guinea pig antibody responses to repeated Dermacentor
      andersoni infestations.
AB  - Acquired resistance to ixodid tick infestation is expressed by cattle and
      laboratory animals. Humoral factors appear to be involved in host acquired
      resistance to tick bite; however, specific immune responses have yet to be fully
      characterized. This study examined tick resistance expressed by Hartley guinea
      pigs upon repeated infestation with Dermacentor andersoni, and describes
      longitudinal development of antigen specific immunoglobulin over approximately
      180 days. Guinea pigs were infested either 4 times with D. andersoni adults, or
      twice with nymphs. Both infestation groups, adults and nymphs, demonstrated a
      significant level of resistance to re-infestation, following initial exposure.
      Dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Dot-ELISA) was employed to detect antibody
      reactive with D. andersoni salivary gland antigens (SGA). Animals infested with
      adults had antibody that increased at a relatively constant rate until the fourth
      infestation, which was differentiated by a sharp increase in titer, that was
      maintained for approximately 2 wk. Guinea pigs that received nymph infestations
      had SGA-specific antibody; however, titers were lower than those in the adult
      infestation group. Antibody levels continued to increase approximately 80 days
      beyond the final (second) infestation for this group. A direct correlation
      between resistance and antibody titer was not evident, since resistance was
      relatively stable after the second infestation in both infestation groups, and
      tick-specific immunoglobulin levels continually increased.

PMID- 3712172
TI  - Monosaccharide transport by Eimeria tenella sporozoites.
AB  - Eimeria tenella sporozoites were incubated in the presence of 3 different [14C]
      labeled sugars; D-glucose, 2-deoxy-D-glucose and 3-O-methyl-D-glucose. The
      initial velocity, Vi, of uptake of D-glucose and 2-deoxy-D-glucose was similar,
      41 micrograms/10(10) sporozoites/min and 46 micrograms/10(10) sporozoites/min,
      respectively; whereas that for 3-O-methyl-D-glucose was significantly lower, 17
      micrograms/10(10) sporozoites/min. Initial velocity studies also revealed that
      glucose uptake was a saturable event, with an apparent KT of 20 mM and an
      apparent Vmax of 312 micrograms/10(10) sporozoites/min. Uptake was unaffected by
      exogenous sodium levels or the presence of ouabain. However, 0.1 mM phloretin
      significantly inhibited glucose uptake. Thus, it would appear that E. tenella
      sporozoites possess a Na-independent, phloretin-sensitive, carrier-mediated
      monosaccharide-transport system.

PMID- 3712173
TI  - Carbohydrate utilization by Trichomonas gallinae: effects on growth and metabolic
      activity under nongrowth conditions.
AB  - Trichomonas gallinae used 13 of 29 carbohydrates for growth. Quantitative
      relationships between final populations, acid production, and cellular glycogen
      contents varied depending on the substrate. The effect of growth on different
      carbohydrates on the subsequent utilization of carbohydrates by cells under
      nongrowth conditions was studied by measuring carbohydrate uptake, changes in
      cellular glycogen content, and gas production. Two major utilization patterns
      were found. Cells grown on maltose or starch used these substrates well, but
      cells grown on other sugars did not. All cells used glucose, fructose, galactose,
      and mannose, but cells grown on maltose or starch did not use them as well as
      cells grown on other sugars. All cells used ribose slightly but not xylose or
      arabinose. Turanose, a disaccharide yielding high populations in growth medium,
      was not used under nongrowth conditions.

PMID- 3712174
TI  - The effects of praziquantel on various larval and adult parasites from freshwater
      and marine snails and fish.

PMID- 3712175
TI  - Apical and lateral sense organs in Moniliformis moniliformis (Acanthocephala): an
      SEM view.

PMID- 3712176
TI  - Egg production of Pseudosuccinea columella and Fossaria cubensis (Lymnaeidae) in
      laboratory culture.

PMID- 3712177
TI  - Altered behavior in isopods (Armadillidium vulgare) infected with the nematode
      Dispharynx nasuta.

PMID- 3712178
TI  - Schistosoma mansoni: long-term survival in the rat is not a genetically
      determined worm trait.

PMID- 3712179
TI  - Genetic similarity and variability between natural populations and laboratory
      colonies of North American Boophilus (Acari: Ixodidae).
AB  - Four natural populations and 4 laboratory colonies of Boophilus microplus
      (Canestrini) and a laboratory colony of Boophilus annulatus (Say) were subjected
      to electrophoretic analysis to determine levels of genetic similarity and genetic
      variability. Populations of B. microplus exhibited high genetic similarity (I =
      0.984 +/- 0.012) indicating that all populations share a relatively
      undifferentiated gene pool. Host vagility is proposed as an important mechanism
      promoting gene flow in ectoparasites. Levels of genetic variability for B.
      microplus (h = 0.092 +/- 0.008; P = 0.330 +/- 0.050) were within levels reported
      for other arthropods. The average genetic identity of 0.716 +/- 0.013 between B.
      microplus and B. annulatus is of a level characteristic of sibling species.
      Diagnostic isozymes between laboratory colonies will facilitate identification of
      these morphologically similar species.

PMID- 3712180
TI  - Effectiveness evaluation of smoking, drug, and alcohol education courses via
      actual relevant behavior (the smoking education curriculum MSACS as an
      illustrative case study).

PMID- 3712181
TI  - A history of drug and alcohol block grant funding and its effects on
      Pennsylvania's prevention services system.

PMID- 3712182
TI  - Sex differences in the beliefs of nonsmokers about why cigarette smokers smoke.

PMID- 3712183
TI  - Increasing treatment efficiency through effective intake interviews.

PMID- 3712184
TI  - Drug abuse prevention funding resulting from the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation
      Act of 1981.

PMID- 3712185
TI  - Empirical identification of drug abuse prone individuals using interval banded
      profile analysis.

PMID- 3712186
TI  - "SPECDA"--a comprehensive approach to the delivery of substance abuse prevention
      services in the New York City school system.

PMID- 3712187
TI  - Evaluating prevention and intervention procedures.

PMID- 3712188
TI  - Neuroblastoma: report on a 21-year experience.
AB  - This is a review of 80 patients with neuroblastoma managed at the American
      University of Beirut Medical Center between 1963 and 1983. Three patients had
      ganglioneuroblastoma of whom one showed histologic evidence of maturation into a
      ganglioneuroma. Four patients were less than 1 month of age and 33 were less than
      2 years of age. The site of origin was intra-abdominal in 56 patients of whom 34
      were intra-adrenal. Intraspinal involvement was noted in 12 patients, of whom one
      was a newborn. Treatment and adequate follow-up were possible in 63 patients.
      Total excision of the tumor was performed in 17 patients, and partial excision in
      14. The 2-year and 5-year survival rates were 36% and 25%, respectively. Age,
      site of the tumor, and degree of cellular differentiation were the only
      independent variables affecting survival. Eleven of 14 patients younger than 1
      year were alive 5 or more years after diagnosis. Cervical, thoracic, and pelvic
      tumors had a better prognosis than abdominal tumors. Other factors affecting
      survival were the stage and the mode of therapy. Infants with stage IV-S
      congenital neuroblastoma had a very poor prognosis. The initial urinary VMA level
      as well as the presence or absence of calcifications within the tumor had no
      bearing on prognosis.

PMID- 3712189
TI  - Perioperative neonatal methemoglobinemia and transcutaneous oxygen monitoring.
AB  - Two premature neonates who suffered severe perioperative methemoglobinemia are
      reported. Simultaneous transcutaneous oxygen monitoring revealed adequate blood
      oxygen tension. Continuous transcutaneous monitoring may give a false sense of
      security by reflecting normal blood oxygen tension in the absence of adequate
      oxygen unloading capacity.

PMID- 3712190
TI  - Primary hyperparathyroidism in children.
AB  - We present here a series of seven children with primary hyperparathyroidism
      caused by parathyroid adenoma. Chief cells were the primary element in six
      patients and water-clear cells in one patient. A brief review of the literature
      on primary hyperparathyroidism in children is included. Emphasis is placed on the
      clinical characteristics of this rare disease in children.

PMID- 3712191
TI  - The endoscopic and surgical management of pyriform sinus fistulae in infants and
      children.
AB  - Congenital pyriform sinus fistula, an embryonic remnant of the third pharyngeal
      pouch, is a newly recognized entity that leads to acute cervical abscess. Nine
      cases were reported, in patients ranging from 0 to 15 years old. In all but one
      case, the fistula occurred on the left side. Prior to surgery, the patients were
      subjected to microlaryngoscopy to identify an internal orifice and to leave a
      Fogarty catheter in place. Subsequent surgical ligation of the fistula was
      performed with this catheter as a guide. In patients with repeated infection,
      such a technique is mandatory for the success of surgery.

PMID- 3712192
TI  - Transtracheal repair of recurrent tracheoesophageal fistula.
AB  - A recurrent tracheoesophageal fistula is generally associated with considerable
      mediastinal induration and inflammation. The conventional operative approach may
      be formidable with considerable blood loss and a high complication rate. For two
      infants with recurrent fistulae, we have employed a simplified low cervical
      transtracheal approach through noninflamed tissues. This brief atraumatic
      procedure was followed by gratifying results. Details of the approach are
      presented.

PMID- 3712193
TI  - A comparison between gap-length and Waterston classification as guides to
      mortality and morbidity after surgery for esophageal atresia.
AB  - In a retrospective study of tracheoesophageal fistula repairs in the Oxford
      Region, 1968 to 1982, 64 consecutive cases were classified according to Waterston
      group and gap length (less than 2 cm or greater than 2 cm); where possible their
      current status was assessed by interview or questionnaire. Waterston group and
      gap length varied independently. Both affected the course of the first admission
      but thereafter, Waterston classification was a poor prognostic guide. However,
      those with a long gap were significantly more likely to have respiratory and
      swallowing difficulties and stunted growth.

PMID- 3712194
TI  - Postoperative small bowel obstruction in infants and children: a problem
      following Nissen fundoplication.
AB  - A serious consequence of antireflux surgery is postoperative small bowel
      obstruction in an infant who cannot speak and has been rendered unable to vomit.
      We reviewed the operative rate for small bowel obstruction following all
      antireflux operations (210 Nissen fundoplications, 16 Hill fundoplications, 12
      modified Thal fundoplications, and 3 Boerema anterior gastropexies) performed on
      children at our institution between January 1977 and July 1984. Eighteen patients
      (17 Nissen fundoplications, one Hill fundoplication) were operated upon for small
      bowel obstruction within two years after the primary operation. The most
      consistent clinical findings in these children were abdominal distention and a
      decreased frequency of bowel movements. For operations performed between January
      1982 and July 1984, reoperation for small bowel obstruction was needed in 6.1%
      (6/99) of children following Nissen fundoplication as compared to 0.9% (6/649), P
      less than 0.001) of children following other major laparotomies. A combination of
      our experience with that reported by others suggests an estimated incidence of
      postoperative adhesive small bowel obstruction of 5.5% (24/436) for Nissen
      fundoplication, 0.9% (3/347) for modified Thal fundoplication, and 0.8% (1/126)
      for Boerema anterior gastropexy. The performance of a Nissen fundoplication has
      led to a significant rate of reoperation for small bowel obstruction compared
      with other major laparotomies and antireflux operations performed in children.

PMID- 3712195
TI  - Benign tumors of the liver in children: analysis of a series of 20 cases.
AB  - Twenty children were treated for a benign hepatic tumor during a 17-year period.
      One child was not operated upon but followed since birth for 2 years by
      ultrasonogram. Mesenchymal hamartoma was found in 8 cases, a solitary cyst in 4,
      and 3 other cases of hamartomas were without cystic components. Two girls had
      lesions corresponding to focal nodular hyperplasia; two children had a solitary
      adenoma. Radical surgical treatment was possible in all 19 operated cases, except
      one case of focal nodular hyperplasia where a right lobectomy would have been
      necessary. Ultrasonography and angiography are the main explorations to be
      undertaken before treatment; preoperative embolization of the main arteries to
      the tumor was done in five cases, with unquestionable advantage in four of them.
      No mortality was recorded and results were good with a mean follow-up of 19
      months.

PMID- 3712197
TI  - Normal and abnormal development of the anorectum.
AB  - A study of the development of hereditary anorectal malformations in pig embryos
      resulted in major corrections of all current theories concerning normal and
      abnormal anorectal development. The principal event in anorectal development
      proved to be a shift of the dorsal part of the cloaca and the adjacent gut to the
      body surface of the tail groove. Regression of the dorsal part of the cloacal
      membrane forms an essential part in this process. Agenesis of this part to the
      membrane blocks the normal shift of the anorectum of the body surface with
      anorectal malformation as the result. The subtype of anomaly appeared to depend
      on the size and the form of this defect. Thus, small defects resulted in
      stenotic, ectopic perineal, and vulvar/vestibular orifices, and larger defects
      led to anal and anorectal agenesis. In all cases, an ectopic anal communication
      ("fistula") to the skin or the urogenital system developed but this was
      eventually lost in some cases by epithelial regression. A basic similarity
      between man and pig in both the normal development of the anorectum and in the
      morphology of the anorectal anomalies makes it likely that the same pathogenetic
      principle also applies to man. Deformities of the cloacal membrane may also form
      the basis of other congenital malformations of cloaca-derived orifices such as
      hypospadia, epispadia, vesical and cloacal extrophy, double urethra, and cloacal
      membrane agenesis.

PMID- 3712196
TI  - Relation of patient age to premalignant alterations in choledochal cyst
      epithelium: histochemical and immunohistochemical studies.
AB  - Forty patients with choledochal cysts, 17 children and 23 adults, were treated by
      cyst excision in this institution (1972 to 1982). Histochemical and
      immunohistochemical studies were performed on tissue from the walls of these 40
      cysts. The type and degree of histologic changes observed were found to correlate
      with patient age at time of cyst excision. Specimens from four patients less than
      two years of age at time of excision revealed epithelial desquamation, fibrosis,
      and minimal evidence of inflammation. Among specimens from 13 patients, 4 to 15
      years of age, only two had an intact epithelial lining. Marked inflammation and
      intramural glandular structures were observed. Specimens from 23 patients, more
      than 15 years of age at the time of cyst excision, showed marked acute or chronic
      inflammation and destruction of the epithelial lining. In this age group,
      intramural glandular structures with goblet and argyrophil cells were regularly
      observed within the cyst walls, and gastrin and somatostatin-like
      immunoreactivity was detected in cells of these metaplastic glands. In
      association with these changes, in five of the 23 patients in the oldest age
      group, adenocarcinomas were observed in the cyst walls. These studies establish
      the increasing rate of epithelial metaplasia in the walls of choledochal cysts
      with advancing age, and suggest that these changes are a continuing process with
      malignancy one of the end results.

PMID- 3712198
TI  - Idiopathic infant pyoceles.
AB  - Three infants presented with acute scrotal swelling, erythema, and a tender
      irreducible firm mass within the scrotum. All patients were operated upon with
      the preoperative diagnosis of testicular torsion. At operation, grossly purulent
      fluid was found in a hydrocele sac. In all the cases, the testes were normal and
      no source of the scrotal infection was identified. A variety of bacterial
      organisms were cultured and responded readily to antibiotics. Follow-up has
      documented survival of the testes without apparent atrophy. "Idiopathic" infant
      pyocele is rarely described and consequently, not included in the differential
      diagnosis of patients with acute surgical conditions of the inguinoscrotal
      region.

PMID- 3712199
TI  - Bilateral tracheal bronchi.
AB  - A case of bilateral tracheal bronchi, first diagnosed at 14 months, is reported
      in a child who is currently alive and well at more than two years of age. This is
      only the second such case to be described in the world literature and is the only
      case to survive the first year of life. A tracheal accessory lung was also
      present. The varieties of tracheal bronchi are described. The importance of
      considering this uncommon abnormality in a number of clinical situations is
      emphasized.

PMID- 3712200
TI  - Mediastinal hematoma mimicking aortic rupture.
AB  - The case of a child who fell a relatively short distance and had clinical and x
      ray findings consistent with a ruptured aorta is presented. At surgery, a
      mediastinal hematoma was found. Diagnostic and therapeutic implications are
      discussed.

PMID- 3712201
TI  - Giant congenital cystic malformation of the gallbladder.
AB  - This report describes the diagnosis and management of a "giant cystic
      malformation of the gallbladder," in a child with multiple congenital anomalies.

PMID- 3712202
TI  - Idiopathic colo-colic intussusception.
AB  - A three-month-old infant presented with transverse colon intussusception. Rapid
      progression of the illness and inability to reduce the intussusception by
      hydrostatic barium examination characterize the clinical course of this
      condition. At operation, no leading point was found, however, the entire colon
      was not fixed to the parietal peritoneum. Mobility of the colon may have
      contributed to the formation of this peculiar intussusception.

PMID- 3712203
TI  - Abdominal aortic aneurysm in infancy subsequent to perinephric abscess.
AB  - Abdominal aortic aneurysms of any cause are rarely seen in the childhood age
      group and present most frequently in adults. An infant is presented who developed
      a mycotic abdominal aortic aneurysm secondary to a large perinephric abscess.

PMID- 3712204
TI  - Methodological developments in personality research.

PMID- 3712205
TI  - Behavioral genetic methods.
AB  - Traditional behavioral genetic methods involve the use primarily of family, twin,
      and adoption correlations to estimate the relative contributions of genetic and
      environmental influences in the etiology of individual differences. These methods
      and representative results for personality are described. However, newer methods
      are emphasized: structural models and model-fitting, multivariate analysis,
      genetic change and continuity in development, shared and non-shared components of
      environmental variance, and genetic components of "environmental" variation.
      Because most applications of these behavioral genetic methods to the study of
      personality involve self-report omnibus questionnaires, an important direction
      for future research in this area is to use these methods to explore new issues
      and new measures that have emerged from personality theory and research during
      the past decade.

PMID- 3712206
TI  - Effect of furosemide and trimethazidine on kinetic behavior and hypotensive
      effect of hydralazine in rats.
AB  - The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between hydralazine (HP) and
      furosemide or trimethazidine were determined following single i.v. and repeated
      (7 d) oral administrations in rats. Both furosemide and trimethazidine caused a
      significant decrease in the level of plasma protein binding of HP in vivo after
      i.v. administration. However, in vitro there was no effect on binding.
      Coadministration of HP and furosemide at lower doses (1.67 mg/kg, i.v. and 5
      mg/kg, oral) reduced the hypotensive effect, accompanying the enhanced
      elimination of HP from plasma after a single i.v. and repeated oral treatment
      when compared to the result obtained with HP alone. The elimination of HP
      accelerated by the lower doses of furosemide may be probably due to the increase
      in renal clearance by the diuretic effect of furosemide. On the contrary, a high
      dose (10 mg/kg, i.v.) of furosemide temporarily strengthened the hypotensive
      effect, probably due to the additional hypotensive action of furosemide itself.
      Trimethazidine (0.75 and 3.75 mg/kg) gave a small increase in the hypotensive
      effect of HP in spite of the partially enhanced clearance of HP. The
      pharmacodynamic analysis showed that the hypotensive effect of HP depended upon
      the plasma HP concentration in each treatment, although the response curves of HP
      were partly altered by the combined drugs. The present study also suggests a
      validity of co-administration of HP and diuretics for the therapy of hypertension
      and heart failure.

PMID- 3712207
TI  - Effect of temperature on intestinal transfer and tissue uptake of sulfanilamide
      and aminopropyron in vitro.
AB  - The effect of temperature on the transfer and the tissue uptake of sulfanilamide
      and aminopropyron, an aminopyrine derivative, was investigated using the everted
      and the non-everted sacs of rat intestine. The M (mucosa) to S (serosa) transfer
      of sulfanilamide was slightly faster than reverse S-to-M in the ileum at the
      temperatures studied. Decreased transfer and tissue uptake of sulfanilamide with
      decreasing temperature were observed using both ileal everted and non-everted
      sacs. On the contrary, the M-to-S transfer of aminopropyron was slower than the S
      to-M transfer in the ileum. The tissue uptake of aminopropyron was almost
      constant at any temperature in the ileal non-everted sac experiments, while a
      decreased transfer of aminopropyron was observed with a decrease in temperature.
      Similar results, like aminopropyron in the ileum, were obtained in the
      experiments of aminopropyron and sulfanilamide using the colonic sacs. It is
      concluded that a close relationship may exist between the directional superiority
      in the transfer and the temperature independency of the tissue uptake.

PMID- 3712208
TI  - Kinetic evidence for a common transport route of benzylpenicillin and probenecid
      by freshly prepared hepatocytes in rats. Influence of sodium ion, organic anions,
      amino acids and peptides on benzylpenicillin uptake.
AB  - Hepatic transport system of benzylpenicillin was characterized by using freshly
      prepared rat hepatocytes. Uptake of benzylpenicillin and cefpiramide did not
      require the presence of sodium ion in the incubation medium. No influence of
      several kinds of amino acids (leucine, histidine, phenylalanine, valine, alanine,
      glutamic acid and glycine) and peptides (prolyl-leucine, glycyl-glycine, glycyl
      sarcosine, glycyl-leucine and gamma-glutamyl-cysteinylglycine) was observed for
      benzylpenicillin uptake into hepatocytes. Taurocholic acid and cholic acid
      significantly inhibited benzylpenicillin uptake. The kinetic study revealed that
      taurocholic acid inhibited benzylpenicillin uptake in a noncompetitive fashion. A
      similar effect of benzylpenicillin on taurocholic acid uptake was observed,
      suggesting that the affinity site of the hepatic transport carrier of
      benzylpenicillin is distinct from that of taurocholic acid. It is noteworthy that
      p-aminohippuric acid and p-acetylaminohippuric acid did not inhibit
      benzylpenicillin uptake. In contrast to the mutual inhibition behavior of
      benzylpenicillin and taurocholic acid, benzylpenicillin is fully and
      competitively inhibited by the simultaneous addition of probenecid. The
      inhibition constant Ki value of probenecid was calculated to be 0.322 mM. The
      uptake of probenecid was also significantly inhibited by benzylpenicillin. It is
      postulated that the affinity site of benzylpenicillin transport carrier is the
      same as that of probenecid and that the whole process of the benzylpenicillin
      transport system is common, at least in part, to the probenecid transport process
      in the liver.

PMID- 3712209
TI  - Studies on pharmacological activation of human serum immunoglobulin G by chemical
      modification and active subfragments. IV. Induction of anti-inflammatory activity
      by chemical cleavage of interchain disulfide bonds in human immunoglobulin G and
      pharmacological activity of alkylated subfragments.
AB  - Commercially available human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG, native IgG) was
      separated into two fractions (Fr.I and II) using a diethylaminoethyl cellulose
      column. Heavy and light chains containing fractions were obtained from these two
      fractions after carboxamide-methylation. Thus, these fractions were subjected to
      an anti-inflammatory screening procedure and were shown to have a potent
      inhibitory activity against rat carrageenin induced paw edema, while no effect
      was observed in native IgG, Fr.I or II. The reduction and alkylation of the
      interchain disulfide bonds were essential to induce the anti-inflammatory
      activity. The anti-inflammatory activity of alkylated heavy and light chains of
      Fr.I (Fr.I-H and I-L) was also noted in subacute inflammation caused by the felt
      pellet and croton oil granuloma methods. Moreover, strong membrane stabilizing
      activities of Fr.I-H and I-L were demonstrated in vitro using rat red blood cell
      membrane and liver lysosomal membrane.

PMID- 3712210
TI  - Age-related change of cefazolin binding to rat serum proteins and its relation to
      the molar ratio of free fatty acid to serum albumin.
AB  - The binding of cefazolin to rat sera has been studied as a function of age. A
      significant difference was observed in the cefazolin binding to serum protein
      among 1-, 2-, 3-, 5-, 7-, 50- and 100-week-old rats. There was a good correlation
      between the dissociation constants of cefazolin binding and the molar ratio of
      free fatty acid to albumin concentration in sera. This suggests that both changes
      of concentration of albumin and free fatty acid, which could be a major
      endogenous inhibitor of cefazolin binding, play an important role in the age
      related changes of the serum protein binding. Removal of free fatty acid in 1-
      and 2-week-old rat sera showed marked increases of the cefazolin binding. On the
      contrary, addition of oleic acid to 7-week-old rat serum produced significant
      reduction of cefazolin binding to rat serum protein. Accordingly, free fatty acid
      could effectively inhibit the cefazolin binding in the physiological
      concentration range with increasing age, and the age-related changes of cefazolin
      binding to rat serum protein appear to be due to the fluctuation of the molar
      ratios of free fatty acid to albumin concentration in sera.

PMID- 3712211
TI  - Effects of apomorphine on morphine analgesia during the state of dopaminergic
      supersensitivity after chronic treatment with haloperidol.
AB  - Morphine induced-reduction in response to a repetitive electrical stimulation of
      the tail was measured in acute rats and rats chronically treated with haloperidol
      (1 mg/kg/d, for 7 d) following pretreatment with apomorphine. In acute
      experiments, a significant enhancement of the anti-struggling action of morphine
      was produced by haloperidol (1 mg/kg, i.p.). Low doses of apomorphine (30-480
      micrograms/kg, i.p.) had no influence on the suppressing action of morphine on
      the struggling response induced by the tail stimulation. Following chronic
      treatment with haloperidol, the inhibitory action of morphine on the tail
      stimulation-induced struggling response was dose-dependently inhibited by very
      low doses of apomorphine (60-480 micrograms/kg, i.p.). A significant increase in
      3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels was observed after administration
      of haloperidol or morphine in acute rats, whereas no change in DOPAC levels was
      found after administration of morphine or apomorphine in chronically haloperidol
      treated rats. In these animals, basal striatal DOPAC levels were significantly
      decreased compared with those of vehicle-treated animals controls. The present
      results suggest that in rats treated chronically with haloperidol, the
      suppressive action of a low dose of apomorphine on morphine analgesia is due to
      an increased sensitivity of postsynaptic dopaminergic receptors to apomorphine.

PMID- 3712212
TI  - Pharmacokinetic study of 4-methylumbelliferone in rats: influence of dose on its
      first-pass hepatic elimination.
AB  - The dose-dependent first-pass hepatic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of 4
      methylumbelliferone (4-MU) were studied at four dose levels (17.6 micrograms-5.29
      mg) in rats. 4-MU was given intravenously and intraportally to determine the
      availability of 4-MU. The availability increased from 0.18 to 1.31 when the dose
      was increased from 17.6 micrograms to 5.29 mg/rat. The total body plasma
      clearance of 4-MU was accounted for mostly by the hepatic conjugative metabolism.
      The contribution of renal clearance to total plasma clearance was 11-35%,
      depending on the dose. The marked dose-dependency of availability may thus be
      explained by the saturable conjugative metabolism of 4-MU.

PMID- 3712213
TI  - Prediction of serum concentration time course of quinidine in human using a
      physiologically based pharmacokinetic model developed from the rat.
AB  - Serum concentration-time courses of quinidine in humans were predicted by a
      physiologically based pharmacokinetic model developed from the rat using reported
      values for the serum protein binding, blood-to-serum concentration ratio, renal
      clearance and physiological constants, i.e. tissue volume and blood flow rate of
      each tissue. The tissue binding parameters of the rat were used for humans. The
      hepatic intrinsic clearance (CLH,int) of quinidine for human was extrapolated by
      using the relation between CLH,int of humans and those of the rat reported for
      antipyrine, phenytoin and hexobarbital. The predicted time courses were
      comparable with the observed data in humans obtained from the literature, though
      slight differences were shown in the half-lives between the observed data and the
      predicted curves. It was suggested that the overestimation of the tissue binding
      parameters might be the cause of this difference.

PMID- 3712214
TI  - Effect of administration route on the selective lymphatic delivery of cyclosporin
      A by lipid-surfactant mixed micelles.
AB  - The absorption and lymphatic delivery of a new immunosuppressive drug,
      cyclosporin A (CsA), with the aid of lipid surfactant mixed micelles (MM) system
      using different administration routes were studied in the thoracic duct
      cannulated rat model at a dose level of 7 mg/kg. The rectal or intraperitoneal
      (i.p.) administration of CsA indicated a small amount of CsA in the plasma and in
      the lymph for 6 h. As oral routes, intrastomach (i.s.) and intraduodenal (i.d.)
      administration of CsA were performed and high lymph CsA levels were obtained. The
      i.s. administration of CsA resulted in the highest CsA levels in the lymph, 16
      micrograms/ml, about twenty times higher than the rectal or i.p. administration.
      These results strongly support the usefulness of an oral CsA dosage form for the
      selective lymphatic delivery of CsA in clinical immunosuppressive therapy by
      means of a new mixed micelles system.

PMID- 3712215
TI  - Identification of a mouse serum protein increased by administration of an
      antitumor polysaccharide, PSK, as a variant of mouse transferrin and some of its
      biological activities.
AB  - One of the so-called LC components, the content of which is increased in the
      serum of PSK (antitumor polysaccharide) treated mice, was purified by repeated
      ion-exchange column chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50. The purified protein,
      designated as LC-2, was identified as a variant of mouse transferrin, which is a
      serum beta 1-globulin having an iron-binding capacity. The absorption spectrum
      and ultraviolet circular dichroism (CD) curve of LC-2 were identical with those
      of mouse transferrin. The molecular weight, isoelectric point and amino acid
      composition of LC-2 were in good agreement with the results obtained previously
      for mouse transferrin. However, the carbohydrate content of LC-2 was different
      from that of mouse transferrin. This protein restored the depressed spleen cell
      response of tumor-bearing mice to concanavalin A (Con A) and promoted the
      metabolism of proteose-peptone induced peritoneal macrophages obtained from tumor
      bearing mice. Furthermore, it had weak but definite antitumor activity against
      Sarcoma 180 cells in vivo.

PMID- 3712216
TI  - Role of mandibular striated duct in salivary excretion of urea in dogs.
AB  - The role of mandibular striated duct in salivary excretion of endogenous urea was
      studied by a technique of retrograde ductal injection of HgCl2 and a stop flow
      analysis. (1) It was verified in this study that treatment with HgCl2 markedly
      inhibited Na+ reabsorption in the striated duct so that water reabsorption driven
      by the Na+ reabsorption would be inhibited substantially. (2) The saliva/plasma
      concentration ratios (S/P ratios) of urea in HgCl2-treated saliva (about 0.71)
      were significantly higher than those in untreated saliva (about 0.37). (3) The
      excretion rate of urea in HgCl2-treated saliva (about 0.02 mg/min/kg) was also
      significantly higher than those in untreated saliva (about 0.01 mg/min/kg)
      despite the same flow rate for both saliva samples. Furthermore, (4) The S/P
      ratios of urea in the second (0.25-0.50 ml) poststop-flow saliva (about 0.65)
      were significantly higher than those in prestop-flow saliva (about 0.35). These
      results suggest a possibility that salivary urea is reabsorbed in the dog
      mandibular striated duct and that the enhancement of the S/P ratio as well as the
      salivary level of urea by the pre-treatment with HgCl2 may be due to the
      inhibition of urea reabsorption.

PMID- 3712217
TI  - Enhanced small intestinal absorption of beta-lactam antibiotics in rats in the
      presence of monodesmosides isolated from pericarps of Sapindus mukurossi (Enmei
      hi).
AB  - Monodesmoside, saponin A, B and C, isolated from pericarps of Sapindus mukurossi
      (Enmei-hi) have been shown to promote absorption of poorly absorbed beta-lactam
      antibiotics by the small intestine using an in situ loop method. Monodesmosides
      were solubilized with ginseng crude saponin extract, a mixture of bisdesmosides,
      saponin X, Y1 and Y2 which were isolated also from Sapindus mukurossi. These
      solubilizing agents were demonstrated not to influence the absorption promoting
      effect of monodesmosides. Among the monodesmosides, saponin B showed the greatest
      effect. No influence of osmolarity of the administered solution on the absorption
      promoting action was observed. The promoting functions of the three
      monodesmosides for the small intestinal absorption of antibiotics were suppressed
      by Ca2+ ion coexisting in the administered solution.

PMID- 3712218
TI  - Heterogeneous distribution of the conjugation activity of acetaminophen and p
      nitrophenol in isolated rat liver cells.
AB  - The uneven distribution of the glucuronidation and sulfation activity of
      acetaminophen (APAP) and p-nitrophenol (PNP) in liver was studied using
      centrilobular and periportal regions of isolated rat hepatocytes obtained by
      Percoll density gradient centrifugation, in a manner similar to that for harmol
      reported previously. The glucuronidation of APAP and PNP occurred predominantly
      in the periportal region. Glucuronidation activity of APAP in the centrilobular
      region was not detected. This finding may reflect the existence of different
      forms of uridine diphosphate-glucuronyltransferase (UDPGT) for APAP and PNP. The
      regional difference in Km values was observed for PNP, but not for harmol as
      reported in the previous paper. This suggests the existence of multiple forms of
      UDPGT for PNP as well as the heterogeneous distribution of this enzyme in liver
      lobules. The sulfation rates of APAP and PNP in the centrilobular region were
      smaller than those in the periportal region. The regional difference of APAP
      sulfation was due to different Vmax values. As shown in the harmol experiment,
      the predominant distribution of sulfation activity of APAP and PNP in the
      periportal region agreed with the results in the perfused liver previously
      reported by other investigators but that of glucuronidation activity was at
      variance with them.

PMID- 3712219
TI  - Person memory: the role of traits, group stereotypes, and specific behaviors in
      the cognitive representation of persons.
AB  - Subjects read a list of statements describing behaviors manifested by a target
      person who had previously been described by a set of personality trait
      adjectives. Some statements referred to the person by name, whereas others
      referred to him as a member of a stereotyped social group. The consistency of the
      behaviors with expectancies based on these general target characterizations was
      varied. Results of Experiment 1 showed that when the trait-adjective
      characterization of the target and the target's group membership had similar
      implications, the relative ease of recalling behaviors that were consistent and
      inconsistent with these implications depended on whether subjects had the
      opportunity to think more extensively about the information they received after
      all of it had been presented. Results of Experiment 2 showed that when a target's
      trait-adjective description and his group membership had dissimilar implications,
      subjects organized the person's behaviors around separate concepts, depending on
      whether the behavior statements referred to him by name or by group membership.
      Moreover, when subjects were told after they read the behaviors that the person
      described by trait adjectives was the same as the one referred to by group
      membership, they did not alter the cognitive representations they formed
      initially. These and other results suggested the existence of a priority system
      for engaging in goal-directed cognitive activity en route to forming a person
      impression, with lower priority activities giving way to higher priority ones
      when processing demands are high.

PMID- 3712220
TI  - Self-blame among parents of infants with perinatal complications: the role of
      self-protective motives.
AB  - According to the literature on defensive attribution, behavioral self-blame can
      bolster a sense of personal efficacy and is more likely to occur when victims
      perceive their misfortune as severe. In this study, mothers of infants with
      severe perinatal complications rated the severity of their child's condition,
      were asked about its causes, and completed a measure of emotional adaptation. As
      predicted according to the defensive attribution hypothesis, behavioral self
      blame was associated with greater perceived severity and preventability of
      recurrence. The pattern of correlations suggests that greater perceived severity
      may produce greater self-blame, which in turn may play an indirect role in
      adaptation through its association with the belief that a recurrence could be
      prevented. Results of a post hoc path analysis were consistent with this
      hypothesis. These findings are discussed in terms of the adaptive features of
      behavioral self-blame, its relation to perceived control, methodological issues
      in the study of coping with victimization, and implications for helping
      professionals.

PMID- 3712221
TI  - On causality, responsibility, and self-blame: a theoretical note.
AB  - Examples from the literature on "self-blame" for illness (Tennen, Affleck, &
      Gershman, 1986) and criminal victimization (Janoff-Bulman, 1979) illustrate
      insufficient attention to construct validity in the measurement of causality,
      responsibility, and blameworthiness. Distinctions among these terms have been
      drawn in detail in a recent theory of the attribution of blame (Shaver, 1985),
      and these are briefly described. We argue that in future research and theory in
      the attribution of responsibility and blame, especially self-blame, investigators
      should attend more carefully to such conceptual distinctions.

PMID- 3712223
TI  - Stability of personality self-ratings over 30 years: evidence for an age/cohort
      interaction.
AB  - An investigation was made of the hypothesis of Bloom (1964) and others that the
      stability of personality is greater among older than younger adults. The subjects
      were 459 men in two cohorts, followed from 1947 to 1977 as part of a longitudinal
      medical study. Self-ratings were obtained over the 30-year period on 15 item
      factor scales from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and on two
      higher order factors. There was no selective attrition in the sample with respect
      to baseline personality scores. Thirty-year uncorrected stability coefficients
      ranged from .08 to .88 across the two cohorts. There was substantial evidence of
      greater stability on many traits in the older than in the younger age/cohort
      group. Furthermore, in late adulthood, traits related to the higher order factor
      Constraint were more stable than were traits related to Positive vs. Negative
      Affectivity. The study is not a definitive test of Bloom's hypothesis because
      cohort and age effects are confounded. However, the results are supportive of the
      hypothesis and the study improves on existing research in a number of ways.

PMID- 3712222
TI  - Social evaluation and the empathy-altruism hypothesis.
AB  - Archer, Diaz-Loving, Gollwitzer, Davis, and Foushee (1981) suggested that feeling
      empathy for a person in need may lead to increased helping because the empathic
      individual wants to avoid negative social evaluation. As support for this
      suggestion, they claimed that empathy leads to increased helping only under
      socially evaluative circumstances. We conducted two studies to test this claim.
      In Study 1 subjects were led to believe that no one--including the person in need
      -would ever know if they declined to help. In this situation, which was designed
      to be totally devoid of the potential for negative social evaluation for not
      helping, there was still a positive relationship between self-reported empathic
      emotion and offering help. In Study 2 empathy (low versus high) and social
      evaluation (low versus high) were manipulated in a 2 X 2 design. Once again there
      was a positive relationship between empathy and offering help when the potential
      for social evaluation was low as well as high. Results of both studies, then,
      suggest that the motivation to help evoked by empathy is not egoistic motivation
      to avoid negative social evaluation. Instead, the observed pattern was what would
      be expected if empathy evokes altruistic motivation to reduce the victim's need.

PMID- 3712224
TI  - Comparisons of second-generation holocaust survivors, immigrants, and
      nonimmigrants on measures of mental health.
AB  - To determine whether a "children-of-holocaust-survivors syndrome" could more
      parsimoniously be explained as an "immigration effect," we performed a
      comparative study on a sample of 25 children of holocaust survivors, 25 children
      of immigrants, and 25 children of American-born parents. Subjects were matched on
      age and educational level and were assessed with four measures of mental health.
      Contrary to the findings of some researchers whose data supported such a
      syndrome, our data indicate no significant differences between children of
      holocaust survivors and the children of other immigrants. These data are
      suggestive of an immigration effect that is common to the children of immigrants
      and not limited to the children of holocaust survivors, rather than a survivors
      syndrome. The children of American-born parents showed greater alienation, less
      religiosity, and a tendency toward feelings of less guilt than the other two
      groups. Our data underscore the need to control immigrant status in multiple
      samples and studies before definitive conclusions can be drawn in this area.

PMID- 3712225
TI  - A social-cognitive skills approach to the successful modification of hypnotic
      susceptibility.
AB  - Subjects low and medium in hypnotic susceptibility were administered cognitive
      strategy and instructional set information and also practiced responding to test
      suggestions in order to enhance susceptibility. Those in one modification
      treatment received this information both from the experimenter and by observing a
      videotaped female model who responded successfully to suggestions and reported on
      the cognitive strategies she used to do so. Those in a second modification
      treatment received the information and practice but were not exposed to the
      model. Low and medium susceptibles in a third condition (practice alone) received
      a hypnotic induction procedure and practice suggestions but neither modification
      information nor modeling. No-treatment controls performed a filler task. All
      subjects were posttested on two different susceptibility scales. Information plus
      modeling produced significantly greater increments on all objective and
      subjective indices of susceptibility on both posttests than did practice-alone or
      control treatments. Susceptibility increments in the information without model
      treatment always fell between those of the model and practice-alone treatments.
      In the modeling treatment, over half of the initial low susceptibles and over two
      thirds of the initial medium susceptibles scored as high susceptibles on both
      posttests. These findings provide strong support for a social-cognitive skill
      formulation of hypnotic susceptibility.

PMID- 3712226
TI  - Attributional versus preattributional variables in self-esteem and depression: a
      comparison and test of learned helplessness theory.
AB  - Predictions made according to the attributional reformulation of learned
      helplessness theory concerning the cognitive determinants of low self-esteem and
      depression were tested in two samples of undergraduates; real and hypothetical
      life events were used. As predicted, internal attributions for hypothetical
      success and failure were correlated with self-esteem, but there was an unexpected
      correlation with global attributions for negative outcomes. Two
      "preattributional" variables, consensus and consistency judgments, were also
      related to self-esteem and depression. In contrast to learned helplessness
      theory, a path analysis indicated that these variables were not attributionally
      mediated. Consensus judgment was as strong a predictor of depression as the
      number of recent distressing life events that subjects had experienced. Other
      evidence that links depression to perceived low consensus is described, and a
      possible etiological role for this variable is outlined.

PMID- 3712227
TI  - Jungian personality typology and the recall of everyday and archetypal dreams.
AB  - Hypotheses concerning the relations among personality types, neuroticism, and the
      recall of archetypal dreams were derived from Jungian theory. Dream records were
      obtained from a nonclinical population in two stages: first, recall of the most
      recent, most vivid, and earliest remembered dreams (N = 146), and then dream
      recall on awakening, over an average of 23 nights, from 30 of the first-sample
      subjects. A total of 697 dreams was recorded. Subjects also completed the Eysenck
      Personality Inventory (EPI) the Myers-Briggs Personality Inventory, and a
      Dreaming Questionnaire. Dream archetypality was rated in accordance with
      procedures of H. Y. Kluger. The distribution of archetypal dreams across earliest
      (n = 106), most vivid (n = 105), and most recent (n = 102) dream types matched
      Kluger's earlier results. The dream diary recall data showed that Jungian
      intuitives, as measured via Myers-Briggs continuous scores, recalled more
      archetypal dreams; introverts, as measured via Myers-Briggs continuous scores,
      recalled more everyday dreams; high EPI neuroticism scorers recalled fewer
      archetypal dreams. The results support several propositions of Jungian
      personality theory.

PMID- 3712228
TI  - Persistent high self-focus after failure and low self-focus after success: the
      depressive self-focusing style.
AB  - Two studies were conducted to assess the spontaneous self-focusing tendencies of
      depressed and nondepressed individuals after success and failure. Based on a self
      regulatory perseveration theory of depression, it was expected that depressed
      individuals would be especially high in self-focus after failure and low in self
      focus after success. The results of Experiment 1 suggested that immediately after
      an outcome, both depressed and nondepressed individuals are more self-focused
      after failure than after success. This finding led us to hypothesize that
      differences between depressed and nondepressed individuals in self-focus
      following success and failure emerge over time. Specifically, immediately
      following an outcome, both types of individuals self-focus more after failure
      because of self-regulatory concerns. However, over time, depressed individuals
      persist in higher levels of self-focus after failure than after success, whereas
      nondepressed individuals shift to the opposite, more hedonically beneficial
      pattern. The results of Experiment 2 provided clear support for these hypotheses.
      Theoretical implications of these results were discussed.

PMID- 3712229
TI  - A test of sex differences in aggressive response to hypothetical conflict
      situations.
AB  - Male (n = 289) and female (n = 268) college students were administered the Leifer
      Roberts Response Hierarchy (Reinisch Revision) to evaluate the utility of this
      measure in reflecting sex differences in self-described potential for aggressive
      response. The Response Hierarchy provides a retrospective estimate of where
      physical and verbal aggression reside in an individual's hierarchy of possible
      behavioral responses to hypothetical conflict situations in adolescence. A score
      is obtained for: (a) physical aggression, (b) verbal aggression, (c)
      nonaggressive coping, and (d) withdrawal. When asked to respond as they would
      have or did at age 13 years, verbal aggression was the most frequent response
      with no significant sex difference in mean scores. Men selected physical
      aggression significantly more often than women (p less than .001). Using the
      binomial effect size display (BESD) to illustrate the magnitude of the sex
      difference, 69% of the men would be classified as physically aggressive (above
      the median), whereas only 31% of the women would be so classified. It was
      concluded that the Response Hierarchy consistently demonstrates sex differences
      among college students in retrospectively reported preference for choosing
      physical aggression versus other coping strategies as a response to hypothetical
      interpersonal conflict situations of adolescence.

PMID- 3712230
TI  - Judging health status: effects of perceived prevalence and personal relevance.
AB  - In this article, we show that people's evaluations of the seriousness of a health
      disorder are influenced by the perceived prevalence and personal relevance of
      that disorder. As part of a study ostensibly concerned with college students'
      health characteristics, 60 undergraduates were "tested" for the presence of a
      fictitious enzyme deficiency. The subjects discovered either that they had the
      deficiency (deficiency-present subjects) or that they did not have it (deficiency
      absent subjects), and were led to believe either that 1 of the 5 people in the
      laboratory had the deficiency (low-prevalence subjects) or that 4 of them had it
      (high-prevalence subjects). As predicted, the low-prevalence subjects evaluated
      the deficiency as more serious than did the high-prevalence subjects. In
      addition, consistent with the view that personal relevance affects perceptions of
      health disorders, the deficiency-present subjects evaluated the deficiency as
      less serious than did the deficiency-absent subjects. The deficiency-present
      subjects also derogated the validity of the test ostensibly used to diagnose the
      deficiency compared with other subjects. Finally, the deficiency-present subjects
      requested more information about the deficiency than did the deficiency-absent
      subjects.

PMID- 3712231
TI  - Nuclear attitudes and reactions: associations with depression, drug use, and
      quality of life.
AB  - For 40 years the world has lived with the threat of nuclear war and, recently,
      with the possibility of nuclear power plant accidents. Although virtually every
      generation must confront various national or international crises, the threat of
      nuclear war is unprecedented in its destructive potential. This study is an
      attempt to assess attitudes and amount of distress associated with the ever
      present threat of nuclear war and the possibility of accidents at nuclear power
      plants. The Nuclear Attitudes Questionnaire (NAQ) consists of 15 items and was
      administered to 722 young adults who have grown up in the nuclear age. The items
      were found to reflect four latent factors of nuclear concern, nuclear support,
      fear of the future, and nuclear denial, all of which in turn represent a second
      order construct of nuclear anxiety. Women reported significantly more nuclear
      concern, less nuclear support, more fear of the future, and less nuclear denial
      than did men. In latent-variable models, nuclear anxiety was found to be
      significantly associated with less purpose in life, less life satisfaction, more
      powerlessness, more depression, and more drug use. It is concluded that the
      threat of nuclear war and accidents is significantly related to psychological
      distress and may disturb normal maturational development.

PMID- 3712232
TI  - Predictors of naturalistic sexual aggression.
AB  - This research integrated within a theoretical and empirical framework varied
      predictor factors pertaining to males' sexual aggression against women. The
      selection of predictors was guided by theorizing that sexual aggression is caused
      by the interaction among multiple factors, including those creating the
      motivation for the act, those reducing internal and external inhibitions, and
      those providing the opportunity for the act to occur. The predictor factors
      assessed were sexual arousal in response to aggression, dominance as a motive for
      sexual acts, hostility toward women, attitudes accepting of violence against
      women, psychoticism, and sexual experience. A measure assessing self-reported
      sexual aggression (primarily among acquaintances) in naturalistic settings served
      as the dependent measure. The subjects were 155 males. As expected, nearly all
      the predictor factors significantly related to sexual aggression. In addition,
      much better prediction of such aggression was achieved by a combination of these
      factors than by any one individually. It was also found that including
      interactions among these predictors yielded a regression equation that was more
      successful in relating to sexual aggression than an equation using an additive
      combination only. The relevance of these data to the causes and prediction of
      violence against women is discussed.

PMID- 3712233
TI  - Attributional style in depression: a meta-analytic review.
AB  - In this article we report meta-analyses of the relation of attributional styles
      to depression. In 104 studies involving nearly 15,000 subjects, several
      attributional patterns had reliable associations with depression scores. For
      negative events, attributions to internal, stable, and global causes had a
      reliable and significant association with depression. Studies in which the
      attribution factors of ability and luck were measured also showed a reliable
      association with depression. For positive events, attributions to external,
      unstable, and specific causes were associated with depression. Ability and luck
      attribution factors for positive events were also associated with depression. The
      relations for positive events, however, were weaker than the corresponding ones
      for negative events. In general, these patterns of relations were independent of
      a number of potential mediators suggested by authors in this literature,
      including the type of subject studied (psychiatric vs. college student), the type
      of event about which the attribution is made (real vs. simulated), the depression
      measure used, or the publication status of the research report. These conclusions
      are compared with those of other reviews. Implications for attributional models
      of depression are discussed.

PMID- 3712234
TI  - Dynamics of a stressful encounter: cognitive appraisal, coping, and encounter
      outcomes.
AB  - Despite the importance that is attributed to coping as a factor in psychological
      and somatic health outcomes, little is known about actual coping processes, the
      variables that influence them, and their relation to the outcomes of the
      stressful encounters people experience in their day-to-day lives. This study uses
      an intraindividual analysis of the interrelations among primary appraisal (what
      was at stake in the encounter), secondary appraisal (coping options), eight forms
      of problem- and emotion-focused coping, and encounter outcomes in a sample of
      community-residing adults. Coping was strongly related to cognitive appraisal;
      the forms of coping that were used varied depending on what was at stake and the
      options for coping. Coping was also differentially related to satisfactory and
      unsatisfactory encounter outcomes. The findings clarify the functional relations
      among appraisal and coping variables and the outcomes of stressful encounters.

PMID- 3712235
TI  - [Action of phospholipase D on the L-alpha-dimyristoyl
      phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol liposome].

PMID- 3712236
TI  - [Studies on beta-lactam antibiotics for medicinal purpose. XVI. Synthesis of 7
      beta-amino-3-substituted methyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acids].

PMID- 3712237
TI  - [Studies on beta-lactam antibiotics for medicinal purpose. XVII. Synthesis and
      structure-activity relationships of 7 beta-[D(-)-alpha-amino-alpha-(4
      hydroxyphenyl)acetamido]-3-substituted methyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acids].

PMID- 3712238
TI  - [Studies on beta-lactam antibiotics for medicinal purpose. XVIII. Synthesis and
      structure-activity relationships of 7 beta-[(Z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2
      methoxyiminoacetamido]-3- substitut ed methyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid
      derivatives].

PMID- 3712239
TI  - [Studies on beta-lactam antibiotics for medicinal purpose. XIX. Synthesis and
      structure-activity relationships of 7 beta-acylamido-3-[(5-methyl-2H-tetrazol-2
      yl)methyl]-3-cep hem-4-carbox ylic acid, 7 beta-acylamido-3-[(5-chloro-1,2,4
      triazol-1-yl)methyl]-3-c ephem-4-carb oxylic acid and their derivatives].

PMID- 3712240
TI  - [Studies on amino acid derivatives. VI. Reaction of methoxymethylene meldrum's
      acid with amino acid derivatives].

PMID- 3712241
TI  - [Antiviral and antibacterial activities of substituted benzalacetone
      amidinohydrazones].

PMID- 3712242
TI  - [Dielectric studies of colloid-chemical stability of W/O type anti-inflammatory
      emulsive preparations].

PMID- 3712243
TI  - [Studies on Chinese medicines used for cancer. III. Cytotoxic constituent against
      HeLa cells in the fruit of Trapa bispinosa Roxb].

PMID- 3712244
TI  - Effects of subchronic intermittent exposure to isoflurane in Swiss Webster mice.
AB  - Swiss Webster mice were treated to determine if subchronic intermittent exposure
      to the inhalation anesthetic isoflurane causes organ toxicity or enhances its own
      metabolism or that of other anesthetics. One-hundred twenty, four-week-old male
      and female mice were exposed to compressed air or to 0.02%, 0.1% or 0.5% of
      isoflurane for four hours per day, five days per week for nine weeks. Body
      weights among the groups were the same prior to exposure. Overall, there were no
      significant differences in body weights among exposure groups (ANOVA with day as
      a repeated measure: females - F = 2.12, P = 0.1085; males - F = 1.80, P =
      0.1583). There was, however, a significant interaction of group and days;
      differences were isolated to the start of exposure (weeks 1 through 3 for
      females; week 2 for males). At all times, differences remained within 10% of the
      control body weights. Organ weights (liver, spleen, kidney, testis and uterus),
      hematocrits, and SGOT levels were similar among exposure groups. Histologic
      evaluation of organs revealed no anesthetic-related organ toxicity. The
      concentration of hepatic cytochromes, b5 and P-450, per mg of microsomal protein
      were similar among exposure groups and between sexes. The rates of hepatic
      microsomal metabolism (defluorination) of three volatile halogenated ether
      anesthetics (methoxyflurane, enflurane, and isoflurane) were not different among
      groups following nine weeks of exposure. Isoflurane exposures of 0.5% or less for
      four hours per day for five days per week would appear to be the maximum
      tolerated concentration for any chronic study. Since there was no evidence of
      organ toxicity or of enhanced or inhibited hepatic microsomal enzyme activity,
      isoflurane seems to be relatively non-toxic inhalation anesthetic under the
      conditions of this study.

PMID- 3712245
TI  - Acute lead poisoning with eosinophilic meningoencephalitis in calves on a farm
      receiving land application of sewage sludge.
AB  - A total of 3 cases of acute lead poisoning in calves was confirmed by atomic
      absorption spectrophotometric analysis of biological samples, presence of an
      acute lead exposure source, clinical signs of impaired vision in one case and
      eosinophilic meningoencephalitis in another case. One of two other calves which
      died approximately 2 months earlier had nervous signs and it is likely that they
      also had lead poisoning. Dams of two of the cases did not have elevated lead
      levels. Municipal sewage sludge had been applied to most fields on the farm
      during the preceding 5 year period. There had been approximately a doubling of
      the lead content in the soil; however, the foodstuffs produced on the farm had
      low lead concentrations. The extremely high lead levels in the abomasal contents
      and feces of calves eliminated sludge as the source of the lead in this acute
      poisoning episode. The contents of oil filters, accessible to calves but not to
      adult cattle, had lead levels as high as 26,922 micrograms/g and was the most
      likely lead source responsible for this lead intoxication. It appears that the
      manifestation of eosinophilic meningoencephalitis in lead poisoning cases may
      occur in young calves as well as in cows and in acute as well as in chronic
      intoxications.

PMID- 3712247
TI  - DES induced sperm destruction in Lakeview hamsters.
AB  - DES toxicity on sperm production after five consecutive sublethal i.p. injections
      of 8, 40 and 200 mg/kg was investigated in Lakeview hamsters. Testis weight,
      caudal sperm number, sperm morphology and body weight were monitored at week 1, 4
      and 10 after treatment. DES doses of 8 mg/kg or above caused complete destruction
      of caudal sperm and reduced testes size to almost 10% of control within 10 weeks.
      Some sperm production resumed after the 8 mg/kg dose at the 10th week but more
      than half of these cells were abnormal in shape. Body weights remained almost
      stable for the first 4 weeks and then increased gradually by 25% at the 10th
      week.

PMID- 3712246
TI  - The use of morphologic tissue examinations as novel technique for estimation of
      drug adverse reactions in hospitalized patients.
AB  - Morphologic evaluation of tissue specimens from a hospital population was used to
      identify and classify adverse reactions to drugs. With the use of this novel
      technique, the incidence of adverse tissue reactions was found to be 3.6% out of
      which 1.5% were found to be definitely caused by a specific pharmacological
      agent. Adverse tissue reactions were both sex- and age-related occurring more
      often in women and more frequently between the ages of 51-60 years. Although
      adverse tissue reactions were noted less frequently in males, a definite
      causative agent was identified in over 50% of males in which a tissue reaction
      was observed. Endometrium and liver were the predominant tissues altered
      morphologically in our hospital population. Estrogenic preparations and alcohol
      were found to be most frequently implicated in the observed adverse tissue
      reactions. In comparison to the observation of symptoms associated with drug use,
      our study provides an alternate means of relating an adverse reaction to
      pharmacological agent employed in that subjective bias can successfully be
      removed. Although the present system described appears to be more rigorous in
      identification of adverse reactions, evidence indicates that tissue adverse
      reaction technique may be advantageous in determination of an unwanted response
      in patients under 60 years of age. It is hoped that the tissue adverse reaction
      evaluation may provide a more accurate prediction of possible adverse effects and
      perhaps may be a more reliable, sensitive system for estimation of adverse
      effects in hospitalized patients.

PMID- 3712248
TI  - A comparison of the effect of two bovine serum albumin preparations on
      benzo(alpha)pyrene hydroxylase in rat liver and lung microsomes.
AB  - One of two commercial bovine serum albumin preparations caused decreases in rat
      liver and lung microsomal benzo(alpha)pyrene hydroxylase activities when measured
      by the fluorescence assay. The decreased activities were not due to a decreased
      recovery of a reaction product, 3-hydroxybenzo (alpha)pyrene, the presence of
      unmasked fatty acid binding sites or decreased content of cytochrome P450. The
      decreased enzyme activity may be due to a component present in the preparation.
      The results indicate that bovine serum albumin preparations should be carefully
      checked before use in the benzo(alpha)pyrene hydroxylase assay.

PMID- 3712249
TI  - Autopsy tissue examination: a novel method to estimate adverse reactions to
      pharmacological agents.
AB  - Autopsy tissue examination was employed as a measure to remove subjective bias
      observation in the identification and numerical computation of adverse reactions
      to drugs. With the the use of this novel technique, the incidence of adverse
      reactions was 26%, of which 82% were produced by a specific causative agent.
      Adverse reactions occurred most frequently in autopsied tissues taken from
      patients who were male and in the 61 and over age group. Further the predominant
      tissue altered morphologically in autopsied specimens examined was liver. The
      most common causative agent associated with an adverse tissue reaction was
      identified as alcohol. In light of the difference between evaluation by
      physicians of drug adverse reactions and the technique of autopsy tissue
      examination, our findings provide a more accurate measure of adverse reactions to
      non-prescription pharmacological agents.

PMID- 3712250
TI  - Mathematical modeling of toxicity problems in aquaria.
AB  - The identification of an actual or potential toxicity problem in an aquatic
      system immediately poses several questions of practical importance. Is the toxic
      agent still being added to the system? Where is the toxin coming from? Are the
      current filtration systems removing it? How soon will it be reduced to an
      acceptable level? How can it be removed faster? These questions in turn suggest
      an equally important question. What samples should be examined? Analysis of
      animal tissues from bioassays is the most common investigative technique in use,
      but alternatives do exist. Testing of water has not been utilized to its fullest
      potential. The need for an orderly approach to sampling and interpretation has
      been a major factor in this under utilization. Mathematical modeling through the
      use of toxicokinetics can be used to maximize the efficiency of analysis of a
      toxic accident by water sampling. Strategies of sampling and interpretation of
      results will be discussed using the tools of toxicokinetic modeling.

PMID- 3712251
TI  - Influence of 2,5-hexanedione on rat brain amine synthesis and metabolism.
AB  - Sprague-Dawley derived rats were gavaged with daily doses of 2,5-hexanedione, a
      neurotoxic metabolite of both methyl n-butyl ketone and n-hexane. Seven daily
      doses of 0, 30, 100 or 300 mg 2,5-hexanedione/kg caused neuromuscular
      incoordination at the highest dose level while no effect was seen at the lowest
      level. Intravenous injections of either tritiated tyrosine or tryptophan,
      followed by exact time-interval sacrifices, facilitated the determination of
      synthesis rates and metabolism of various brain amines. At a cumulative dose of
      210 mg 2,5-hexanedione/kg, the dopamine turnover rate was significantly
      increased, while precursor and metabolite levels were unchanged. Levels of
      serotonin as well as the serotonin synthesis rate remained unchanged, but levels
      of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid increased significantly in a dose dependent manner.
      The rise in 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels inconjunction with no effects on
      other indoleamione parameters in 2,5-hexanedione-fed animals, suggests a possible
      inhibition of the energy-dependent 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid efflux system in
      the brain.

PMID- 3712252
TI  - Proventricular hyperplasia (malabsorption syndrome) in broiler chickens.
AB  - A syndrome has occurred in broilers over the past several years in widespread
      localities, including Georgia, Arkansas, and Texas. Poor feed conversion and
      delayed marketing are the principle clinical features. Lesions consist of
      enlargement of the proventriculus, gizzard erosion and dilatation, and decreased
      spleen and bursa size. Trichothecenes were demonstrated in the rations sampled at
      several broiler facilities. The clinical features and gross and microscopic
      changes observed in the field syndrome were duplicated by feeding chicks multiple
      combinations of a trichothecene mycotoxin (T-2 toxin) with histamines and
      diamines for 6 to 8 weeks.

PMID- 3712253
TI  - Pedal radiographic manifestations of the seronegative spondyloarthritides. Part
      II: Psoriatic arthritis.

PMID- 3712254
TI  - Inverted functional orthosis.

PMID- 3712255
TI  - Paget's disease. A case study.

PMID- 3712256
TI  - Cystic chromomycosis of unknown etiology.

PMID- 3712257
TI  - Multiple traumatic fractures of the lesser metatarsals. A case report.

PMID- 3712258
TI  - Subluxation of the peroneal tendons. A report of two cases.

PMID- 3712259
TI  - The plica syndrome. A cause of knee pain in the athlete.

PMID- 3712260
TI  - Iliac apophysitis in teenage distance runners.

PMID- 3712261
TI  - Sterile hypopyon secondary to ultrasonic cleaning solution.
AB  - During a 20-week period, 21 cases of sterile hypopyon occurred 24 hours after
      uncomplicated extracapsular cataract extraction and in-the-bag posterior chamber
      intraocular lens implantation at the Valley Eye Institute. While all cases
      responded to steroid treatment and exhibited no residual ocular effects, the
      cause of the hypopyon remained a mystery despite an on-going reevaluation of the
      surgical procedure and sterilization techniques. Several suspected causes were
      investigated and eliminated. It was clinically determined that surgical
      instruments placed in older ultrasonic cleaning solution caused the hypopyons.
      Further analysis at the Center for Intraocular Research at the University of Utah
      revealed that the instruments were contaminated by a heat-stable endotoxin that
      remained on the instruments through the autoclaving process. Surgeons currently
      using ultrasonic instrument cleaners should be aware that, with some models,
      following the manufacturer's recommended fluid changing procedures could result
      in endotoxic contamination of surgical instruments which could, in turn, cause
      severe inflammatory reactions in the immediate postoperative period.

PMID- 3712262
TI  - Pseudophakic posterior iris chafing syndrome.
AB  - Posterior iris chafing by the loop or the optic portion of sulcusfixated
      posterior chamber lens implants may cause a spectrum of disorders that include
      iris-pigment epithelial "window defects," pigment dispersion with or without
      elevation of intraocular pressure, intermittent microhyphemas with transient
      visual obscurations, and the UGH syndrome. It appears that secondary pigmentary
      glaucoma is more likely with planar loop design than with angulated loops. Optic
      and loop materials may play a role in the development of the disorder.
      Implantation of both supporting loops of the implant within the capsular bag is
      suggested to prevent posterior iris chafing.

PMID- 3712263
TI  - Glaucoma and intraocular lens implantation.
AB  - Extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens
      implantation is a viable method to rehabilitate the glaucoma patient with a
      cataract effectively. The success with this procedure in uncomplicated cases is
      translated into excellent results in the glaucomatous eye. This paper reports the
      results of extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular
      lens implantation in four groups of glaucoma patients: (1) chronic open-angle
      glaucoma; (2) angle-closure glaucoma; (3) after argon laser trabeculoplasty; (4)
      after filtering procedures. The visual acuity after this surgical procedure
      improved to 20/40 or better in 86% of patients. Intraocular pressure was
      controlled in all groups at a level approaching the preoperative value. Ninety
      percent were controlled with equal or less medication than that used
      preoperatively. There has been no significant progression of optic nerve cupping
      or visual field loss.

PMID- 3712264
TI  - Quantitative concepts in avoiding intraocular lens damage from the Nd:YAG laser
      in posterior capsulotomy.
AB  - Damage to the intraocular lens (IOL) in Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy is a
      complication to be avoided. The damage threshold for many of the commercially
      available IOLs was determined. The power density at the focal point was
      calculated for FDA approved Nd:YAG lasers. Based on the therapeutic gap concept
      it is recommended that only power levels below the damage threshold be used in
      photodiscission posterior capsulotomy to minimize the risk of Nd:YAG laser IOL
      damage.

PMID- 3712265
TI  - The outlook for intraocular lenses through 1990.
AB  - Extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens
      implantation has become the most successful intraocular procedure ever practiced.
      The number of cataract extractions and intraocular lenses implanted have
      increased enormously over the past decade. One might ask if a saturation point is
      near. The progress of cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation is
      reviewed from 1973 to 1983 and an attempt to predict their volume to 1990 is
      made. Significant research and development factors and their impact on the
      domestic and foreign markets are presented. Because of these and demographic
      factors, it is concluded that we are not nearing the saturation point in cataract
      surgery or the intraocular lens industry.

PMID- 3712266
TI  - Pupillary elongation after anterior chamber lens implantation.
AB  - Pupillary elongation was seen along the lens loop in four of 12 eyes that had
      Simcoe-SAC3 lenses and two of six eyes with Kelman-MT3 lenses. Gonioscopy,
      especially in the eyes with the Simcoe lens, showed the iris overriding a lens
      loop, with goniosynechias and scattered pigmentation in the angle. Argon laser
      photocoagulation of the overriding iris was ineffective.

PMID- 3712267
TI  - The influence of cataract types on potential acuity meter results.
AB  - The records of 100 patients who had cataract surgery were reviewed to compare
      preoperative potential acuity meter (PAM) results with postoperative visual
      acuity. A PAM acuity was obtainable in 95 patients. In 82 of the 95 patients
      (86%), the PAM levels were within three lines of the outcome. Potential acuity
      meter results substantially lower (less than or equal to four Snellen lines) than
      outcome generally occurred when posterior subcapsular (PSC) or PSC plus diffuse
      cortical or nuclear changes were present. We believe that the PAM projection can
      usually go around or through the nuclear sclerosis to give an accurate
      prediction. However, with PSC or mixed type, one may not always find a window in
      the cataract. Also, PSC or diffuse cortical cataracts may be particularly
      disruptive to the paracentral diffracted light that is an important factor in PAM
      acuity.

PMID- 3712268
TI  - A review of 584 3M style 30 intraocular lens implants.
AB  - The 3M style 30 intraocular lens was introduced in January 1980 as a closed-loop,
      uniplanar posterior chamber lens intended for in-the-bag implantation. Between
      February 13, 1980, and February 28, 1982, 584 of these lenses were implanted by
      one of us. Except for a few lost to follow-up, these patients have now had a
      minimum of two years of follow-up under our care. Using a microcomputer-based
      data-base management system, we have generated graphic and tabular presentations
      of follow-up, age at time of surgery, best postoperative visual acuity,
      preoperative and postoperative pathology, and surgical events and complications.
      A brief discussion of the advantages of the in-the-bag location and the style 30
      design characteristics is included. We have been able to profile, compare, and
      correlate numerous preoperative, operative, and postoperative parameters.

PMID- 3712269
TI  - Clinicopathologic observations of a silicone posterior chamber lens in a primate
      model.
AB  - A primate model was used to compare a silicone intraocular lens (Elastic Lens,
      STAAR Surgical) and a conventional polymethylmethacrylate/polypropylene lens.
      Tolerance and stability of silicone lenses within the eye were tested.

PMID- 3712270
TI  - Ultraviolet light absorption in intraocular lenses.
AB  - Implantation of ultraviolet (UV) light-absorbing intraocular lenses and the
      manufacturers developing these lenses has significantly increased over the past
      few years. In this paper, the need for filtration of UV light by intraocular lens
      implants is briefly examined and various new product development aspects of a UV
      absorbing IOL are discussed. Two general approaches, additive and chemical
      bonding, to incorporating a UV-absorbing chromophore into polymethylmethacrylate
      lens material are described. Different UV-absorbing compounds that are being used
      in implants and the mechanism by which they absorb light and its dissipation is
      discussed. The extent of preclinical testing required to establish the
      biocompatibility, stability, and overall safety of new materials is summarized.
      Finally, a relative comparison of the extent of UV absorption by various
      commercially available UV intraocular lenses is presented.

PMID- 3712271
TI  - Pathologic findings of an explanted silicone intraocular lens.
AB  - We present a clinicopathological analysis of an explanted STAAR model B silicone
      intraocular lens (IOL) that was sent to the Center for Intraocular Lens Research
      for evaluation. Extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE), using
      phacoemulsification and insertion of the silicone IOL, had been accomplished
      through a 3-mm scleral tunnel incision. The IOL was folded and inserted into the
      ciliary sulcus. Complications, including blurred vision, movement of the IOL
      within the eye, and glaucoma, eventually led to IOL exchange at three months post
      ECCE. After removal of the silicone IOL, a modified J-loop IOL was placed in the
      intact capsular bag, with subsequent resolution of the increased intraocular
      pressure and a 20/20 + 3 visual acuity. Pathologic examination of the explanted
      silicone lens revealed grooves indented into the optic, extensive molding flash,
      and opalescence of the optic.

PMID- 3712272
TI  - Pathology report on the foldable silicone posterior chamber lens.
AB  - The eyes of an 89-year-old male were obtained for postmortem examination five
      months after implantation of a foldable silicone elastic lens implant. Two months
      after surgery, the implant had been repositioned from capsular bag to ciliary
      sulcus fixation to correct postoperative decentration and tilt. Pathological
      examination showed both haptics located in the ciliary sulcus. There was no
      significant inflammatory reaction in the adjacent uveal tissue and no erosion of
      the haptics into the iris or ciliary body.

PMID- 3712273
TI  - Autobiographical pictorial study of a cataract in progress.
AB  - The practitioner is all too familiar with the visual complaints of a patient
      prior to cataract surgery. Unfortunately, these complaints are heard but may not
      be seriously evaluated by the surgeon as they relate to the patient's daily
      functional problems. Too frequently Snellen acuity is used as a measure, which
      can be extremely misleading. This paper will present a number of the patient's
      complaints and illustrate them as they are seen by the patient to give the
      surgeon a greater appreciation and understanding of these problems.

PMID- 3712275
TI  - Chronic effects of paraoxon on transmitter release and the synaptic contribution
      to tolerance.
AB  - The chronic effects of sublethal injections of the cholinesterase inhibitor,
      paraoxon, on transmitter release were examined in the rat. Rats were chronically
      treated daily with the organophosphate, paraoxon (0.3 mg/kg b.wt.), that is known
      to inhibit acetylcholinesterase irreversibly. Severe symptoms of intoxication
      were evident in animals during the first few days of treatment but by day 11 the
      symptoms disappeared despite continued treatment and depression in
      acetylcholinesterase. Intracellular recording techniques were used to determine
      if the observed behavioral changes to chronic treatment could be correlated with
      changes in neuromuscular transmission. Measurements of MEPPs demonstrated that
      tolerance could not be attributed to a decrease in postsynaptic sensitivity.
      Measurements of EPPs, quantal release and binomial statistical parameters
      demonstrated that tolerance can be correlated with presynaptic changes. Chronic
      treatment with paraoxon decreased transmitter release and this can be attributed
      to a decrease in the transmitter store and mobilization ability. It is suggested
      that the depression in quantal release at the neuromuscular junction and at
      cholinergic synapses could account for behavioral tolerance.

PMID- 3712274
TI  - Rat liver microsomal induction of the oxidation of drugs and alcohols, and sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-gel profiles after in vivo treatment with pyrazole or 4
      methylpyrazole.
AB  - Studies were carried out to characterize and compare the effects of pyrazole and
      4-methylpyrazole, potent inhibitors of alcohol dehydrogenase, on microsomal
      oxidation of a variety of drugs and alcohols. Whereas pyrazole treatment of rats
      (200 mg/kg b.wt./day for 2 days) resulted in an enrichment of a cytochrome P-450
      isozyme with a molecular weight of about 52,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels, 4
      methylpyrazole treatment resulted in increased amounts of two or three P-450
      isozymes, one of which appeared to be similar to the isozyme increased by
      pyrazole. The qualitative induction of two or three isozymes of P-450 as shown by
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis correlates with a 2-fold increase in
      total content of P-450 by 4-methylpyrazole. Microsomes from the pyrazole-treated
      rats displayed increased activity (expressed per milligram of protein or per
      nanomole of P-450) with aniline, p-nitroanisole, dimethylnitrosamine (low-Km
      enzyme) and ethanol as substrates, but not with aminopyrine, ethoxycoumarin or
      dimethylnitrosamine (high-Km enzyme). A stereochemical preference for the (+)-2
      butanol isomer over the (-)-isomer was also observed. Kinetic experiments
      indicated that the pyrazole treatment increased the Vmax for ethanol, aniline and
      (+)-2-butanol oxidation. These properties are similar to those found with
      microsomes from chronic ethanol-fed rats and suggest that, in rats, pyrazole and
      ethanol may induce similar isozymes of P-450, and that the former may serve as a
      convenient model for the latter. This comparable induction between ethanol and
      pyrazole is in contrast to results using imidazole, which has been reported by
      others not to induce an alcohol-preferring P-450 in rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3712276
TI  - Myocardial uptake kinetics and pharmacodynamics of propafenone in the isolated
      perfused rabbit heart.
AB  - The myocardial disposition of propafenone was studied in an isolated perfused
      rabbit heart. Six hearts were perfused with a modified Krebs-Henseleit buffer
      containing propafenone 110 +/- 5 ng/ml. Pharmacokinetic parameters were
      determined by fitting the coronary sinus effluent propafenone concentration-time
      data to a one-compartment pharmacokinetic model. The mean half-life of myocardial
      uptake (T1/2d) was 22.3 +/- 5.9 min and the average time to approach steady-state
      tissue levels was 112 +/- 29 min. Propafenone accumulated extensively in
      myocardium and at equilibrium the average (+/- S.D.) myocardial concentration was
      114 +/- 21 times that of the perfusate. The electrophysiological effect was
      measured as percentage of change of the baseline QRS duration. The half-life of
      onset of effect (T1/2e) and the effect at steady state were determined by fitting
      the effect-time data to a monoexponential function. The T 1/2e averaged 26.0 +/-
      9.4 min and did not differ significantly from T 1/2d. The relationship between
      myocardial propafenone concentration and effect was linear but there was
      interexperimental variability in the slopes of the lines of this concentration
      effect relationship. The interexperimental differences in steady-state effect
      could not be accounted for by differences in myocardial concentration.

PMID- 3712277
TI  - Relationship between receptors mediating serotonin (5-HT) contractions in the
      canine basilar artery to 5-HT1, 5-HT2 and rat stomach fundus 5-HT receptors.
AB  - The receptors responsible for contraction to serotonin (5-HT) in the canine
      basilar artery have not been definitively established to date. Several selective
      5-HT2 receptor antagonists (spiperone, ketanserin and LY53857) did not inhibit
      markedly 5-HT-induced contractions in the canine basilar artery in doses higher
      than required for substantial inhibition of 5-HT2 receptor-mediated responses.
      These data suggest that the receptors mediating 5-HT-induced contractions in the
      basilar artery are not 5-HT2 receptors. Using a series of 5-HT antagonists with
      relatively high affinity at 5-HT1 sites, over a 1000-fold difference occurred in
      their ability to block 5-HT receptors in the canine basilar artery, in spite of
      the similar and high affinity of the antagonists at 5-HT1 binding sites. These
      data support the contention that 5-HT receptors in the canine basilar artery are
      not 5-HT1 receptors as defined by ligand binding studies in brain cortical
      membranes. Similarity of the contractile effects of 5-HT in the rat stomach
      fundus and in the basilar artery coupled to the previous observations that
      receptors mediating 5-HT-induced contractions in the fundus were not 5-HT1, 5
      HT1A, 5-HT1B or 5-HT2 led us to consider the possibility that 5-HT receptors in
      the canine basilar artery may resemble those in the rat stomach fundus. The
      affinity of several 5-HT antagonists determined in the canine basilar artery
      correlated extremely well (correlation coefficient = 0.96) with the affinities
      obtained for the same antagonists in the rat stomach fundus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3712278
TI  - Hepatic UDP-glucuronic acid regulation during acetaminophen biotransformation in
      rats.
AB  - Acetaminophen (AA) glucuronidation is capacity limited in several species after
      administration of high doses and previous data indicate that this phenomenon is
      due probably to a decrease in the concentration of the reaction cosubstrate UDP
      glucuronic acid in liver. The rate-limiting determinant in UDP-glucuronic acid
      synthesis during AA glucuronidation is not known. The objective of the present
      study was to determine whether UDP-glucuronic acid synthesis during AA
      biotransformation is restricted by the supply of UDP-glucose or is limited by UDP
      glucose dehydrogenase activity. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with
      600 mg/kg i.p of AA and liver was obtained 30, 60, 120 and 240 min later for
      quantitation of UDP-glucose, glycogen and UDP-glucuronic acid. AA was found to
      decrease markedly UDP-glucuronic acid concentration in liver 30, 60 and 120 min
      after injection (28, 52 and 58% of control values, respectively). In contrast,
      hepatic UDP-glucose levels were not altered after 30 min, but were decreased to
      55 and 68% of control values 60 and 120 min after AA administration. Glycogen
      concentrations were decreased at the 30-min time interval only (78% of control).
      Therefore, maximal depletion of UDP-glucuronic acid occurred when UDP-glucose
      levels were not affected. UDP-glucose dehydrogenase is subject to product
      inhibition by NADH and UDP-glucuronic acid and it is possible that NADH
      accumulates during rapid utilization of UDP-glucuronic acid. Consequently, the
      effects of AA on cytosolic NADH/NAD ratios in liver were examined by determining
      the lactate/pyruvate ratio.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3712279
TI  - Effect of renal denervation on the antinatriuretic response to morphine
      administration in conscious rats.
AB  - The effect of surgical denervation on the antinatriuretic response to morphine
      was assessed in conscious rats prepared with arterial and venous catheters and
      bladder cannulas. In sham-operated animals, morphine sulfate (4 mg/kg i.v. plus 2
      mg/kg X hr) caused a marked reduction in sodium excretion (650 +/- 218 vs. 2394
      +/- 265 nEq/100 g X min in vehicle-treated animals; P less than .05). Although
      glomerular filtration rate was reduced, fractional excretion of sodium, expressed
      as a percentage of the filtered load, was also markedly decreased by morphine
      (0.62 +/- 0.18 vs. 1.51 +/- 0.15% in the vehicle group; P less than .05). The
      changes in sodium excretion were readily reversed by naloxone. In rats subjected
      to the renal denervation procedure, morphine had no effect on sodium excretion
      (1614 +/- 261 vs. 1926 +/- 520 nEq/100 g X min) or on fractional sodium excretion
      (1.92 +/- 0.50 vs. 1.41 +/- 0.37%). However, glomerular filtration rate was
      reduced by morphine as in the sham-denervated rats. Blood pressure and heart rate
      were not significantly affected by morphine in either group. The results suggest
      that morphine enhances renal tubular sodium reabsorption, at least in part, by a
      mechanism dependent on intact renal nerves. Because there was no evidence of
      generalized sympathetic activation (as judged by blood pressure and heart rate
      changes), the effect may be selective for the renal innervation.

PMID- 3712280
TI  - Nicotine-induced tolerance and receptor changes in four mouse strains.
AB  - The effects of chronic infusion of 3.0 mg/kg/hr of nicotine on the behavioral
      responses of four mouse strains (C3H, C57BL, BALB and DBA) to challenge doses of
      nicotine and on the levels of cholinergic receptors and enzymes were determined.
      Mice of the C57BL, BALB and DBA strains developed tolerance to the effects of
      nicotine on Y-maze activity, Y-maze rearing and body temperature. The C3H mice
      did not exhibit any evidence of tolerance to the effects of nicotine on these
      measures, but this strain did show tolerance to the effects of nicotine on
      acoustic startle response. None of the strains developed tolerance to the effects
      of nicotine on respiration rate, and only the BALB mice demonstrated tolerance to
      nicotine-induced bradycardia. Chronic nicotine treatment also elicited changes in
      putative brain nicotinic receptors. Increased binding of L-[3H]nicotine was seen
      in six brain regions in all four mouse strains. The changes in binding were
      similar for all the strains. The binding of alpha-[125I]bungarotoxin was also
      elevated in the four mouse strains, and modest differences among the strains were
      evident in this measure, with the C3H strain showing the smallest increases in
      four of the six brain regions. Chronic nicotine treatment did not alter brain
      muscarinic receptors, as measured with L-[3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate binding, nor
      were the activities of acetylcholinesterase or choline acetyltransferase altered,
      except that a small change in hippocampal choline acetyltransferase activity may
      have occurred. These results indicate that tolerance to nicotine is regulated by
      genetic factors and that changes in brain nicotinic receptor numbers are not
      sufficient to explain the development of tolerance.

PMID- 3712281
TI  - Morphine dependence and diabetes. I. The development of morphine dependence in
      streptozotocin-diabetic rats and spontaneously diabetic C57BL/KsJ mice.
AB  - Spontaneously diabetic (db/db) and nondiabetic (db/m+, m+/m+) C57BL/KsJ mice were
      made dependent by a 9-day exposure to increasing doses of morphine-admixed food.
      Radioimmunoassay for morphine demonstrated that diabetic mice had significantly
      greater brain accumulations of morphine than nondiabetic littermates after
      morphine-admixed food. Despite their greater brain levels of morphine, diabetic
      mice showed significantly fewer behavioral signs of withdrawal after naloxone,
      and lost significantly less weight at 60 min after naloxone than their
      nondiabetic littermates. Streptozotocin-diabetic and nondiabetic rats rendered
      dependent by a 6-day i.p. infusion of morphine had equal brain levels of
      morphine, but the diabetic rats showed significantly fewer behavioral signs of
      withdrawal than nondiabetic rats at 24 and 48 hr after the end of the infusion.
      These results indicate that spontaneously diabetic mice and streptozotocin
      diabetic rats were both significantly less physically dependent upon morphine
      than their respective nondiabetic controls and support our conclusion that the
      development of physical dependence upon morphine is reduced in experimental
      models of diabetes.

PMID- 3712282
TI  - Morphine dependence and diabetes. II. Alterations of normorphine potency in the
      guinea-pig ileum and mouse vas deferens and of ileal morphine dependence by
      changes in glucose concentration.
AB  - The effects of glucose in vitro at concentrations of 100, 200 and 400 mg/dl on
      responses of the guinea-pig ileum and mouse vas deferens to opiates were studied.
      Responses of the electrically stimulated ileum to normorphine were significantly
      reduced (IC50 values: 26.3 +/- 4.3, 40.5 +/- 3.7 and 71.8 +/- 16.6 nM) as the
      glucose concentration increased, whereas the potency of normorphine was not
      affected by equimolar substitutions of glucose with the nonmetabolizable sugar 3
      O-methylglucose. The potency of naloxone to induce withdrawal contractions of
      ilea incubated in Ringer's solution for 3 or 4.5 hr with 1 microM morphine was
      also significantly decreased as the concentration of glucose in the incubations
      increased, indicating a reduction of acute dependence development by high
      glucose. The potency of normorphine was also reduced by increasing concentrations
      of glucose in electrically stimulated vasa deferentia from nondiabetic (db/m+,
      m+/m+) C57BL/KsJ mice (IC50 values: 0.53 +/- 0.01, 0.77 +/- 0.01 and 1.84 +/-
      0.03 nM), but not in vasa deferentia from their diabetic (db/db) littermates.
      These results support our hypothesis that the decreased sensitivity to morphine
      and decreased development of physical dependence on morphine in in vivo models of
      diabetes reported previously by our laboratory is due primarily to the
      hyperglycemia associated with diabetes.

PMID- 3712283
TI  - Pulmonary sequestration of amiodarone and desethylamiodarone.
AB  - We hypothesized that one of the reasons for the particular susceptibility of the
      lung toward the adverse effects from the antiarrhythmic agent amiodarone (A)
      could be a high pulmonary accumulation of this drug. This hypothesis was tested
      using the isolated perfused lungs of Fischer 344 and Sprague-Dawley rats and New
      Zealand White rabbits. Uptake of a 3 microM starting concentration of a mixture
      of A and [14C]A by the lung occurred rapidly in each species, and only 25.6, 19
      and 16.4% of the initial concentration remained in the perfusate at the end (60
      min) of the experiment in Fischer 344, Sprague-Dawley rats and rabbits,
      respectively. No metabolism of A was detected by the high-performance liquid
      chromatography technique. Raising the initial concentration of A from 0.3 to 120
      microM (n = 26) in the Fischer 344 rats apparently did not saturate the uptake
      process, and the tissue/medium ratio averaged 122.5. The uptake of
      desethylamiodarone (DEA), the main metabolite of A in vivo, was more extensive
      (tissue/medium ratio = 506) than that of the parent compound. DEA also was not
      metabolized by the isolated perfused lungs. Lung homogenate incubations fortified
      with cofactors did not metabolize A or DEA. We conclude that in the isolated
      perfused lungs: A is extensively taken up by the lungs of rats and rabbits; the
      uptake is not saturated by raising the concentrations over a 400-fold range; DEA
      is taken up more readily than A; and metabolism of neither compound is observed.

PMID- 3712284
TI  - Thyroid status during postnatal maturation of the brain in mice genetically bred
      for differences in ethanol sensitivity.
AB  - The long-sleep (LS) and short-sleep (SS) mice represent established lines,
      genetically selected from a heterogeneous stock (HS) of mice for differences in
      the duration of the loss of righting reflex (sleep-time response) to acute
      ethanol administration. Presently, the dose of ethanol (20% v/v i.p.) required
      for approximately a 50-min sleep-time response is 2-fold higher in adult SS (5.0
      mg/g) than in adult LS (2.5 mg/g) mice. The waking isohypnotic serum and brain
      ethanol levels for HS mice are intermediate to those for LS and SS mice. Ethanol
      sensitivity of the two lines of mice at different stages of postnatal central
      nervous system maturation has not been examined. We report that the central
      nervous system sensitivity to a 1-mg/g dose of ethanol is the same in 9-day-old
      LS and SS mice, since the sleep-time response and corresponding waking serum
      ethanol concentrations are not different. The SS mice do not lose the righting
      reflex by 11 days postpartum after a dose of ethanol of 1 mg/g. By day 13, LS
      mice also do not lose their righting reflex after 1 mg/g of ethanol. The
      difference in ethanol sensitivity to a dose of 4.1 mg/g continues to develop at
      day 14 and approaches adult levels by day 20. This postnatal change in ethanol
      sensitivity in LS and SS mice occurs during a time when significant base-line
      differences in the thyroid status occur.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3712285
TI  - Behavioral and neurochemical evaluation of phenylpropanolamine.
AB  - (+/-)-Phenylpropanolamine (PPA), a widely available anorectic and decongestant,
      was evaluated in several behavioral paradigms in rhesus monkeys and for central
      nervous system neurotoxicity in rats. PPA (1-30 mg/kg intragastric) reduced food
      intake in rhesus monkeys but was not self-administered i.v. (0.3-10
      mg/kg/injection) by monkeys experienced in drug self-administration. PPA (30-100
      mg/kg intragastric) resulted in amphetamine-like responding in two of four
      monkeys trained in a drug discrimination paradigm to discriminate d-amphetamine
      from saline. In rats, a 4-day injection regimen of high doses of PPA (200 and 400
      mg/kg/day) resulted in approximately a 20% depletion of dopamine in the frontal
      cortex but failed to deplete dopamine, norepinephrine or serotonin in any other
      brain region studied. Thus, PPA is an effective anorectic in rhesus monkeys that,
      based upon drug discrimination results, would be expected to have limited
      amphetamine-like subjective effects and only at doses well in excess of effective
      anorectic doses. However, based upon self-administration results, PPA would not
      be predicted to have amphetamine-like dependence potential. Moreover, repeated
      administration of PPA did not produce the severe central nervous system
      neurotoxicity associated with many other amphetamine congeners.

PMID- 3712286
TI  - Comparison of amphetamine metabolism using isolated hepatocytes from five species
      including human.
AB  - Isolated hepatocyte suspensions from rat, rabbit, dog, squirrel monkey and human
      livers were used to study the metabolism of amphetamine (AMP), a drug for which
      species-dependent differences in metabolism have been demonstrated in vivo.
      Hepatocytes were isolated by perfusion of the whole liver or of biopsy specimens.
      In general, the metabolite profile of hepatocytes from each species corresponded
      to the profile of urinary metabolites identified previously. Rat hepatocytes
      primarily metabolized AMP by aromatic hydroxylation to p-hydroxyamphetamine.
      Rabbit hepatocytes converted AMP almost exclusively to products of the oxidative
      deamination pathway. Metabolism by hepatocytes from the other three species was
      mixed, but oxidative deamination was somewhat more active than aromatic
      hydroxylation in dog, squirrel monkey and human hepatocytes. The overall rate of
      AMP metabolism differed significantly among the species; the half-life in the
      hepatocyte suspensions varied about 70-fold, with rabbit less than rat less than
      dog less than squirrel monkey = human. Metabolism of AMP by human hepatocytes
      mare closely resembled metabolism by squirrel monkey liver cells than the other
      species in terms of metabolite profile and rate. However, the disposition of
      phenylacetone, a product of oxidative deamination of AMP, varied in hepatocytes
      from the two primate species. Thus, the metabolism of AMP by isolated hepatocytes
      was unique for each species examined. These studies demonstrate the applicability
      of isolated hepatocytes to the study of interspecies differences in hepatic
      xenobiotic metabolism, providing an in vitro technique that can be readily
      adapted to human liver tissue.

PMID- 3712287
TI  - The 63rd annual meeting of the Physiological Society of Japan. Abstracts. April 2
      4, 1986.

PMID- 3712288
TI  - Saccadic eye movements to seen and unseen targets: oculomotor errors in normal
      subjects resembling those of schizophrenics.
AB  - Schizophrenic subjects have defects in oculomotor control which appear to be the
      result of inefficient processing of sensory information, not a problem in
      controlling the movement itself [Mather and Putchat (1983b) J. Psychiat Res. 17,
      343-360]. A demonstration that manipulating sensory information by removing
      context information alters these same saccadic eye movements in normals is the
      subject of the present research. Without context information (in the dark) people
      make more double-jump saccades and overshoot a target, as schizophrenics do
      usually. Normals have a reduced number of double saccades, a different pattern of
      eye movement, when the target itself is not visible. These findings reinforce the
      suggestions that schizophrenics, despite their normal oculomotor reaction time,
      are less effective than normal subjects at processing the spatial information
      which guides their eye movement.

PMID- 3712289
TI  - Familial aggregation in Alzheimer dementia--I. A model for the age-dependent
      expression of an autosomal dominant gene.
AB  - An autosomal dominant genetic etiology has been proposed for Alzheimer Dementia
      (AD), but many cases appear to be sporadic. Evaluation of the possible genetic
      transmission of AD from its familial aggregation requires consideration of (1)
      the proportion of index cases with genetic disease, and (2) the consequences of
      typically very late onset. To investigate these factors, a provisional
      biomathematical genetic model was developed from the empirical age-specific
      incidence of AD in relatives. Based upon the premise of an autosomal dominant AD
      gene in proband families, the modeling technique provides estimates of the
      proportion of genetic index cases (as opposed to phenocopies) and the parameters
      of age-dependent gene expression. With appropriate parameters the model
      accurately reflects the age-specific familial risk of AD, suggesting the
      appropriateness of its underlying assumptions. The estimated proportions of
      genetic index cases suggest that heritable disease constitutes a majority of AD.
      In cases ascertained by the presence of aphasia or apraxia the estimated
      proportion of genetic cases is 100%. The greatest likelihood of gene expression
      is in the ninth decade, however, suggesting that most genetically predisposed
      relatives will die from other causes before developing AD.

PMID- 3712290
TI  - Familial aggregation in Alzheimer dementia--II. Clinical genetic implications of
      age-dependent onset.
AB  - A biomathematical genetic model for the age-specific risk of Alzheimer Dementia
      (AD) was applied to two problems in the clinical genetics of this disorder. In a
      test of the ability of a clinical marker specifically to identify genetic AD,
      cases grouped by the phenotype of amnesia with aphasia or apraxia (aaa) were
      shown to have familial risk that suggested a pure genetic illness, and differed
      significantly (p = 0.006) from cases without this phenotype. The model was also
      used in a Bayesian paradigm to assess the probability that individual cases had
      hereditary disease, given their family history. Here the results were
      surprisingly ambiguous: Even with no affected relatives, there is a substantial
      likelihood that many AD cases may have a genetic illness. Hence, one cannot
      reliably classify individual cases as "familial" or "sporadic" from family
      history alone. The phenotype of aaa (or other suitable marker) appears to be more
      reliable than the degree of manifest familial aggregation as an indicator of
      genetic AD.

PMID- 3712291
TI  - The genetic transmission of schizophrenia: application of Mendelian latent
      structure analysis to eye tracking dysfunctions in schizophrenia and affective
      disorder.
AB  - The first-degree relatives of probands with schizophrenia tend to have abnormal
      smooth pursuit eye tracking, even when the proband's smooth pursuit is normal. In
      order to account for this finding, we propose that schizophrenia and disturbed
      eye tracking are independent expressions of an underlying "latent" trait which is
      genetically transmitted. The data on manic-depressive illness, but not
      schizophrenia, fit a simpler model in which abnormal smooth pursuit is a
      consequence of the psychiatric illness, rather than an independent expression of
      an underlying trait.

PMID- 3712292
TI  - Trazodone: a simple, clean extraction and rapid quantification by high pressure
      liquid chromatography.
AB  - We have developed an HPLC technique which is precise, rapid and reliable. Sample
      preparation involves simple alkaline extraction into an organic solvent mixture.
      Trazodone elutes at 3.2 min in this reverse phase system. There is no requirement
      for elevated column temperature. The method is linear to 3000 ng/ml. The
      availability of a technique which is transferrable to the clinical laboratory may
      help to define the proper role of therapeutic monitoring of trazodone.

PMID- 3712293
TI  - Attitudinal dimensions in adolescent anorexic patients: an analysis of the
      Goldberg Anorectic Attitude Scale.
AB  - An abbreviated version of the Goldberg Anorectic Attitude Scale (GAAS) consisting
      of seven subscales was analyzed with the aid of a sample of 23 adolescent
      anorexic patients with early onset of the disease. Intercorrelations indicated
      that the individual scales were sufficiently independent. A test of convergent
      validity resulted in substantial correlations of some scales of the GAAS with
      other scales measuring anorexic behaviour and symptoms. Clinical characteristics
      of the anorexic syndrome and a number of the background variables had no effect
      on GAAS scores. The validity of the subscale measuring denial of illness is
      questionable. On the other hand, there is some indication of clinical utility of
      the GAAS since it adequately reflects change due to inpatient treatment.

PMID- 3712294
TI  - Effects of bipolar affective disorder and lithium administration on the
      cholinergic system in human blood.
AB  - Several processes relating to the cholinergic system that are present in human
      blood were measured in samples obtained from patients with bipolar affective
      disorder, both before and during treatment with lithium, and from controls. The
      biochemical measurements include RBC and plasma choline concentrations, the
      kinetics of RBC choline uptake, plasma non-specific cholinesterase and RBC and
      plasma acetylcholinesterase. The RBC choline level is increased and the Vmax of
      the RBC choline uptake system is decreased in samples from lithium-free bipolar
      patients during manic episodes. There are no differences from control in the
      plasma choline levels or in the acetylcholinesterase enzyme activities in blood
      samples from the lithium-free or lithium-treated patients. Plasma non-specific
      cholinesterase is below control levels in all patients. Lithium treatment
      increases the RBC choline concentration to more than ten-times control levels and
      reduces the Vmax and the affinity for choline of the RBC choline transport
      system. In vitro addition of lithium does not replicate the effects of in vivo
      administration of lithium. Possible mechanisms for these effects of lithium are
      discussed.

PMID- 3712295
TI  - Premalignant disease of the epidermis. The Parkes Weber lecture 1985.

PMID- 3712296
TI  - Increased longevity in man.

PMID- 3712297
TI  - Incidence and management of arterial injuries from left heart catheterisation.

PMID- 3712298
TI  - Semantics of death certification.

PMID- 3712299
TI  - Education in peripheral hospitals: missed opportunities?

PMID- 3712301
TI  - Training to be a physician. Compiled by the Standing Committee of Members of The
      Royal College of Physicians.

PMID- 3712300
TI  - Pulmonary eosinophilia.

PMID- 3712302
TI  - Antibiotic lavage in emergency surgery for peritoneal sepsis.

PMID- 3712303
TI  - Angelchik prosthesis and its complications.

PMID- 3712304
TI  - Selective denervation of the pancreas for the pain of chronic pancreatitis.

PMID- 3712305
TI  - The value of peritoneal lavage in the assessment of patients with stab wounds of
      the abdomen and lower chest.

PMID- 3712307
TI  - Small bowel decompression in paediatric surgery.

PMID- 3712306
TI  - Subungual melanoma of the hallux. A plea for increased awareness.

PMID- 3712308
TI  - Exchange transfusion in the treatment of acute necrotising haemorrhagic
      pancreatitis.

PMID- 3712309
TI  - The management of inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysms.

PMID- 3712310
TI  - Improved prevention of abdominal wound sepsis by parenteral and topical
      antibiotics.

PMID- 3712311
TI  - [Rupture of an intracerebral dermoid cyst. Apropos of a case: x-ray computed
      tomographic aspects].
AB  - We report the C.T. findings of a dermoid cyst communicating with ventricular
      system and ruptured in the subarachnoid space. A fat-fluid level and
      calcifications were present on the plain skull X rays.

PMID- 3712312
TI  - [Modern technics for studying injuries of the lumbo-ischiatic plexus. Apropos of
      a new case].
AB  - A 22 year old patient was admitted with multiple lumbosacral root meningoceles
      following a motorbike accident. Because of the marked neurologic deficit in left
      lower limb a radiculographic exploration was completed by a CT scan, with
      improvement in analysis of images, post-traumatic pseudo-meningoceles being
      neither an absolute proof nor the unique lesion responsible for the clinical
      picture. They may be missing whereas the root is absent. Combining these two
      examinations provides for total screening of lesions and more selective choice of
      therapy.

PMID- 3712313
TI  - [Large breasts, small breasts; which mammographic technic?].
AB  - The variation of dose and image quality parameters in the voltage range 25...33
      kV have been studied on 3 mammographic phantoms simulating thin, average and
      thick breasts respectively. The global image quality has been objectively
      evaluated by an image quality index. The average glandular dose has been chosen
      as relevant indicator of risk. The study shows that the surface dose and the
      midplane dose are not suitable indicators of risk if the breast thickness is
      variable. For all phantoms, the deterioration of image quality with voltage
      increase was found to be relatively less important than the decrease of the
      average glandular dose. Consequently, the following optimum voltages are
      proposed: 28-29 kV for thin breasts, 29-30 kV for average breasts and 33-35 kV
      for thick ones. The study showed that breast thickness variation is not suitably
      compensated by the automatic exposure devices currently available.

PMID- 3712314
TI  - [An accessory for producing direct coronal sections in craniocervical x-ray
      computed tomography].
AB  - An accessory piece of equipment adapted for use with the CE 10 000 C.G.R. allows
      simple, reliable completion of craniocervical coronal sections.

PMID- 3712315
TI  - [Magnetic resonance imaging in the study of pulmonary hilar involvement].
AB  - A retrospective analysis of results of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was
      conducted in 28 patients with uni- or bilateral pulmonary hilum lesions and
      findings compared with those of computed tomography (CT). All abnormal hilar
      masses examined were between 1 and 5 cm in diameter and were easily detected by
      transverse axial imaging. Contrast of their images was very high in relation to
      hilar bronchovascular elements in the two types of spin echo sequence with a
      short TR (0.5-0.7 s) and a long TR (1.5-2 s). Differentiation between tumoral or
      adenopathies and vessels was simpler than with CT with intravenous contrast. For
      screening of possible extension of hilar tumors. MRI appears to be superior to CT
      for providing data on vascular relations of lesions but inferior to CT for
      determining bronchial relations. Mediastinal extension of hilar tumors is easily
      defined by the short TR sequence but MRI supplies data of greater value than CT
      only in a low proportion of cases and then partly as a result of complementary
      coronal and sagittal imaging.

PMID- 3712316
TI  - [Bone metastases of bronchial carcinomas. 3 cases of subperiosteal cortical
      osteolysis].
AB  - The morphologic appearance of osseous metastasis may rarely suggest a specific
      site of origin. A subperiosteal location has recently been reported to be typical
      for metastatic lung carcinoma. We report three cases of such metastasis which
      destroyed the cortex so that it appears saucer shaped. The primary tumor was a
      bronchogenic carcinoma in every case. We conclude that in the cancer-age group
      cortical metastasis is a highly characteristic feature of lung carcinoma.

PMID- 3712317
TI  - [Variations in the distribution of bronchial arteries. Apropos of 72
      arteriographies].
AB  - Anatomic distribution of bronchial arteries was studied by arteriography, and
      evaluation conducted of 72 images considered as being complete. Seven frequent
      types of distribution were note and findings compared with those of previous
      studies. Frequency of collateral circulation and of anastomosis was comparable
      with that reported in the literature. One new distribution pattern was observed:
      common lower trunk, right upper intercostobronchial trunk, left upper trunk.

PMID- 3712318
TI  - [X-ray computed tomographic aspects of benign primary cerebral melanomas. Apropos
      of 4 cases].
AB  - Benign primitive melanomas are rare tumours usually involving the leptomeninges.
      Four cranial localizations are reported: 2 tumours of the foramen magnum, 1 of
      the cerebellopontine angle and 1 supratentorial. The clinical symptomatology is
      variable according to the level. Slow medullary compression is frequent. One can
      emphasize the special and difficult problem of foramen magnum tumours that
      present with a very variable clinical status frequently simulating a non surgical
      disease of the central nervous system. The benign and primitive appearance of
      these tumours is evocated by the slow and favourable evolution and by the absence
      of extraneurologic melanotic tumour. Our purpose is essentially to emphasize the
      radiological and particularly the computed tomographic (CT) findings poorly
      described in the literature. Benign melanomas have resemblance with meningiomas:
      osseous or meningeal relationship, homogeneity and high density. On the other
      hand the angiography shows poor vascularization. One can think that a tumor
      simulating a meningioma by CT but not by angiography is perhaps a benign
      melanoma. The special problem of the radiological diagnosis of foramen magnum
      tumours is evocated: Computed myelography, tridimensional imaging by NMR.

PMID- 3712319
TI  - Tumor of the hypopharynx: free jejunal transfer with conservation of the larynx:
      a case report.
AB  - Resection of the hypopharynx or cervical esophagus for malignancy is always quite
      mutilating if reconstruction cannot be achieved with a one-stage procedure.
      Several techniques have been described, but they are often associated with
      laryngectomy. In the case reported, a free split jejunal segment transfer allowed
      reconstruction of the hypopharynx without laryngectomy, as the malignancy did not
      involve the larynx.

PMID- 3712320
TI  - Double level amputation: should it be replanted?
AB  - Multiple level amputation has been described as a contraindication to
      replantation. This is a case report of a patient with a double level amputation
      through the palm and forearm that was successfully replanted. Because of the need
      for multiple stages of reconstructive surgery, it was not clear until the end
      result that the replantation was worthwhile. The patient developed an acute
      respiratory distress syndrome that was probably caused by the reperfusion
      phenomenon. The stages of reconstruction are described in detail, as are the
      problems encountered. The final result included a reasonably functional hand that
      was far superior to the prosthetic alternative.

PMID- 3712321
TI  - The rat groin flap: can it survive on the epigastric nerve blood supply alone?
AB  - Rat groin flaps were divided from their blood supply with and without cutting the
      epigastric nerve. Only small areas of the flaps were infrequently able to
      survive, probably as skin grafts. The intrinsic blood supply of the nerve did not
      contribute to the survival of these flaps.

PMID- 3712323
TI  - Successful replantation of a totally avulsed scalp.
AB  - A case of successful replantation of a totally avulsed scalp in a 19-year-old
      woman is presented. Although severely traumatized, about 90 percent of the
      surface of the replanted scalp survived. Only one artery (left superficial
      temporal) and four veins were anastomosed, sufficient enough to revascularize the
      entire scalp.

PMID- 3712322
TI  - Venous drainage through marrow coaptation in free bone transfer: two case
      reports.
AB  - Two cases with chronic bony defects, one post-traumatic and the other after bone
      tumor excision, were reconstructed with free bone transfers, using only
      microarterial anastomoses. The survival of these transfers, despite the absence
      of microvenous anastomoses, may indicate that venous drainage can develop through
      well-coapted bone marrow.

PMID- 3712324
TI  - The ulnar nerve as vascularized nerve transplant. Part I: Anatomy: arterial
      vascular supply.
AB  - The ulnar nerve is supplied basically by the arteries accompanying it in its
      various locations: in the axillary section, by a branch of the lateral thoracic
      artery or directly by the axillary artery; in the upper arm, by branches
      originating from the collateral ulnar superior artery; in the supracondylar
      section and in the region of the groove for the ulnar nerve, by branches
      originating from the anastomosis of the collateral arteries and the posterior
      branch of the recurrent ulnar artery; and in the forearm, by branches of the
      recurrent ulnar artery and the ulnar artery. Venous return is by the venae
      comitantes. Since the ulnar nerve possesses a good arterial supply, it may be
      used with different techniques as a vascularized nerve transplant in traumatic
      lesions of the brachial plexus, to repair more important missing nerve paths.

PMID- 3712325
TI  - Cutaneous and fascial vasculature of the leg: anatomic study of fasciocutaneous
      vessels.
AB  - In order to understand the fasciocutaneous circulation of the leg more clearly,
      the vasculature of the skin and deep fascia was investigated. We mapped the
      vascular plexus of the deep fascia and found that the vessels and fascial plexus
      have their own axes. The vasculature of the deep fascia was categorized into six
      types. This classification should help in the planning of various fasciocutaneous
      flaps of the leg.

PMID- 3712326
TI  - A successful replantation of rat ear.
AB  - This article presents a successful replantation of a completely severed rat ear.
      The procedure include re-union of the tubal cartilage and anastomosis of the
      surgically divided external carotid artery and posterior facial vein.

PMID- 3712327
TI  - Treatment of tibial defect with vascularized osteocutaneous pedicled transfer of
      fibula.
AB  - Free osteocutaneous fibular flap transfer has been used for long bone and soft
      tissue defects in both the lower and upper extremity. Since July, 1984, two cases
      of tibial defect, with severe scar formation on the anteromedial aspect, have
      been treated. An ipsilateral, vascularized, osteocutaneous, pedicled flap of the
      fibula was used to bridge the bony defect and to resurface the wound, after scar
      excision and bony debridement. The peroneal vessels were severed, leaving one
      side intact. The entire fibular flap was shifted anteromedially through a tunnel
      between the anterior and posterior tibialis. In addition to screw fixation of
      both ends of the transfer, an external fixator was used for three months. This
      technique has the advantages of obviating the need for vessel anastomoses and of
      completing the whole procedure on a single leg.

PMID- 3712328
TI  - Relative support groups.

PMID- 3712329
TI  - The third national study of morbidity statistics from general practice.

PMID- 3712330
TI  - Delay in diagnosing asthma--is the nature of general practice to blame?

PMID- 3712331
TI  - The emergency bed service in London--who uses it?
AB  - As part of wider review, this study examines the pattern of referrals to the
      emergency bed service from seven selected health districts in London over a six
      month period. A 12-fold variation in the use of the emergency bed service was
      found between the different districts. Half the referrals to the service were
      made by doctors working in deputizing services, less than 1% of referrals were
      due to inter-hospital transfers and half the referrals were made by general
      practitioners. A few general practitioners were high users: 46% of the general
      practitioner referrals were accounted for by only 5% of the practitioners.The
      second part of the study concerned a questionnaire survey of a sample of general
      practitioners in the seven health districts (n = 963) and an 83% response rate
      was achieved. Almost three-quarters of the respondents did not use the emergency
      bed service. Wide variation between the different health districts was again
      demonstrated. In spite of the variations described, the survey revealed a
      continuing demand for the service by general practitioners.

PMID- 3712332
TI  - An opportunistic approach to rubella screening in general practice.
AB  - An opportunistic rubella screening programme in a general practice is described.
      Self-adhesive stickers placed on the medical records envelope were used to alert
      staff and to record information on rubella status. Out of the total target
      population of women aged between 10 and 40 years, three sample cohorts were
      audited: the 15, 20 and 30 years age groups. Between the first and second audits
      a practice policy on rubella immunization screening was implemented over a period
      of 11 months. After 11 months the proportions of 20- and 30-year-olds whose
      rubella status was known had risen from 50% to 88% and from 67% to 87%
      respectively. For the 15-year-old cohort, which would have been included in the
      schools immunization programme, the increase was negligible. Serological testing
      in the practice identified 24 women (7% of all those tested) who were
      seronegative and to date 19 of these women have been vaccinated. The screening
      method was shown to be simple and effective and to involve little extra staff
      time.

PMID- 3712333
TI  - Model for the integration of community psychiatry and primary care.
AB  - The work of a community-based psychiatric service in south-east London is
      described. In the period from 1979 to 1982 1533 clients were seen. A large number
      of severely disturbed clients were managed at home with the help of family
      members and local services.

PMID- 3712334
TI  - Summarizing and coding case records: can the task be delegated?
AB  - After several preliminary joint sessions a doctor and a nurse independently
      constructed summary cards for 100 alphabetically consecutive case records and
      coded them according to the classification of the Royal College of General
      Practitioners. The searches and codings were repeated after an interval of at
      least one month. The error rates of the doctor and the nurse were similar. The
      interobserver concordance for the ratings was acceptable for broad diagnostic
      categories, but was less good when strict criteria were applied. It is concluded
      that the task may be delegated.

PMID- 3712335
TI  - A method of assessment of teaching practices and trainers by their trainees.
AB  - A method of assessment is described which can be used by trainees at the end of
      their vocational training in general practice. The assessment allows trainees to
      make ratings and comments on their teaching practices that can be returned
      confidentially to their trainers. The results of this assessment suggest that
      trainees in the Northumbria vocational training scheme are reasonably satisfied
      with their trainers and training practices.

PMID- 3712336
TI  - Community health initiatives and their relationship to general practice.
AB  - This paper considers recent voluntary action in primary health care and focuses
      on community health initiatives, describes why they are important and how they
      may relate to general practice.

PMID- 3712338
TI  - Type A influenza.

PMID- 3712339
TI  - Familial hypercholesterolaemia.

PMID- 3712337
TI  - Night cough and general practice research.
AB  - Thirty-four children, aged between three and nine years, presenting with
      nocturnal cough, were studied on successive nights using an automatic voice
      activated tape recorder system. Children with a family history of atopy coughed
      significantly more than children without such a family history. A wide variation
      in cough frequency was found both between and within subjects. No effects of
      treatment on cough frequency were demonstrated. Some of the physiological and
      pathological mechanisms underlying night cough are discussed.

PMID- 3712340
TI  - Place of birth and perinatal delivery.

PMID- 3712342
TI  - Lorazepam-associated drug dependence.

PMID- 3712341
TI  - Out-of-hours calls revisited.

PMID- 3712343
TI  - The myth of test tube embryos.

PMID- 3712344
TI  - Factors associated with achieving continuity of care in general practice.
AB  - The continuity of care received by 128 patients in four Bristol group practices
      over a two-year period was measured. A high standard of continuity of care was
      found for many patients, even though they were registered with large training
      practices. Patients registered with practices operating personal lists received
      much better continuity of care than those registered with practices operating
      combined lists.Patients in the study regarded continuity of care as important,
      especially if they were registered with practices operating personal lists.All
      the doctors in the study appeared to regard continuity of care as important,
      although those operating personal lists were more positive in this view.

PMID- 3712345
TI  - The difficulties in constructing a common denominator for peer review in general
      practice.
AB  - A helpful analysis of clinical events in general practice would be to show a
      doctor how his opinion compares with the use of the same opinion by other
      doctors. For such a comparison a common denominator, which is a measure of
      clinical opportunity, is required. The population of patients cared for by a
      doctor can be used for this purpose and this paper describes a method which uses
      a computer to calculate the share of a known practice population that each doctor
      has cared for. The computer produces details of consultations, set out in square
      tables, of those registered with each doctor and those seen by each doctor.

PMID- 3712346
TI  - Family practitioner committee records--a neglected resource. 1. An information
      service for general practitioners based on claims for fees.
AB  - Data held by a London family practitioner committee for the purpose of paying
      general practitioners' capitation and item of service fees were analysed every
      quarter for one year to provide an information service for general practices in
      the area. Each practice received a quarterly printout showing the age structure
      of its patient population, the numbers of new registrations and removals and data
      about items of service. These were expressed as rates which could be compared
      with those of the area as a whole, and with the highest and lowest rates found in
      individual practices. A survey at the end of the year showed that the service was
      welcomed and found useful by the practices. A fully computerized family
      practitioner committee could provide a similar service without great difficulty,
      and could make it more informative by linking items of service to specific age
      groups; data about prescribing and use of hospital and district services could
      also be incorporated when the relevant agencies are fully computerized too.

PMID- 3712347
TI  - Group treatment of general practice anxiety problems.
AB  - This study examined the effects on anxiety levels and primary care team workload
      of group psychological treatment for anxiety compared with individual treatment.
      Patients making high demands on primary care services were selected for group
      treatment, following which demands for services were considerably reduced. Two
      types of group treatment were used: the anxiety support group required less staff
      time to run than the anxiety management group but neither treatment had a
      clinically significant impact on anxiety symptoms. Individual psychological
      treatment was more effective in reducing levels of anxiety but required slightly
      more staff time per patient. These findings show that there is no close
      correspondence between reduction of anxiety and reduction of service costs and
      underline the importance of evaluating treatment effects with reference to the
      specific objectives of treatment.

PMID- 3712348
TI  - Deaths of heroin users in a general practice population.
AB  - Recent evidence suggests that heroin users in the UK are 16 times more likely to
      die than otherwise expected, although causes of death are varied. The present
      investigation examines deaths of heroin users at a large Scottish general
      practice over a four-year period prior to 1 July 1985. A mortality rate of 9.72
      per 1000 heroin-user patients per year was observed, roughly half that previously
      reported, although this difference did not prove to be statistically significant.
      A higher proportion of the observed deaths were attributed to heroin, and fewer
      to the misuse of other drugs, and it is speculated that this may reflect the
      practice's policy of not prescribing opiates to heroin users. Factors associated
      with heroin-user deaths are examined and areas identified where general
      practitioners may help to avert some of these deaths.

PMID- 3712349
TI  - Evaluation of the mental function of the elderly in a general practice.
AB  - A mental function test was carried out on 378 individuals over 70 years of age
      registered with a group practice in the city of Newcastle upon Tyne. A high score
      (11 or over) was observed in 64.9% of women and 78.3% of men; a medium score
      (between three and 10) was observed in 34.0% of women and 20.8% of men; and only
      0.8% of individuals of both sexes were found to have a low score (less than
      three). It was found that older age groups of both sexes had lower scores than
      younger groups (P < 0.001) and this was more pronounced in women than men (P <
      0.05).These observations are significantly different (P < 0.001) from those
      obtained in hospital studies. The need for surveillance which influences
      mortality, morbidity and resource allocation is discussed.

PMID- 3712350
TI  - A survey of registered nursing homes in Edinburgh.
AB  - Between February and November 1984, 18 registered nursing homes in Edinburgh were
      visited and information was obtained about their 400 patients. Details of the
      facilities provided by these homes are presented here. Admission and biographical
      details were obtained for each patient and the dependency of the nursing home
      population was determined; 28% of the total population appeared to be independent
      in self-care, though there were large variations between homes. Forty-two
      patients (10.5%) were found to be receiving Department of Health and Social
      Security supplementary benefit. The characteristics of this group are compared
      with those of the rest of the nursing home population. The implications of these
      observations and recent legislative developments are discussed.

PMID- 3712351
TI  - Controlling the gatekeepers: the accountability of general practitioners.

PMID- 3712352
TI  - Report of a case of adder bite with near fatal result.

PMID- 3712353
TI  - Level of immunity to rubella in several group practices in Ireland.

PMID- 3712354
TI  - Topical Fucidin.

PMID- 3712355
TI  - The impact of new technology on general practice.

PMID- 3712356
TI  - Allosteric inhibition as a model to explain flatter displacement curves in
      binding experiments: application to "heterogeneous" serotonin receptors.
AB  - Flattened or biphasic inhibition curves are usually interpreted by postulating
      the presence of two sites which are labelled with the same affinity by the ligand
      and can be recognized using the appropriate inhibitor with different selective
      affinities. We found that a priori this type of curve, can be equally fitted by
      another model, the allosteric model, on account of the mathematical equivalence
      of the two model functions when the 3H-ligand concentration is kept constant
      (i.e. inhibition experiments). A new approach consisting of three-dimensional
      analysis of the experimental data (3H-ligand binding as a function of ligand and
      inhibitor concentrations, simultaneously) permitted a statistical discrimination
      between the two models. The examples, used as tool for the present study, are the
      flattened or biphasic inhibition curves obtained by displacing 3H-serotonin with
      the neuroleptic spiperone. The results are discussed in relation to the general
      interpretation of this type of "anomalous" binding data and to the specific field
      of serotonergic receptor subtypes.

PMID- 3712357
TI  - Molybdate affects glucocorticoid receptor chromatography on DEAE cellulose.
AB  - How molybdate affects the chromatographic behavior of the glucocorticoid receptor
      on DEAE cellulose was investigated. Over the range 0-20 mM, molybdate caused a
      progressive change in the elution positions of both the transformed and
      untransformed receptor. At 20 mM molybdate, the transformed receptor eluted from
      the column before application of the KCl gradient. These changes were not due to
      an increase in conductivity of the buffer caused by molybdate; the conductivity
      at the peaks of elution were changed. Control studies with bovine serum albumen
      showed a similar effect by molybdate. Molybdate thus changes the chromatographic
      elution profiles of proteins. Failure to appreciate this fact can lead to errors
      in assessing the proportion of transformed and untransformed receptors in an
      extract.

PMID- 3712358
TI  - Identification of the classical androgen receptor in male rat liver.
AB  - Male rat liver contains components in both cytosol and nucleosol which bind the
      synthetic testosterone derivative, mibolerone, with a high affinity, low capacity
      and a high specificity for androgens. Gel filtration chromatography shows two
      binding components. A high molecular weight component (M.Wt 230,000) present in
      cytosol alone and a low molecular weight component (M.Wt 60,000) present in
      cytosol and nucleosol. Male rat liver contains the classical androgen receptor.

PMID- 3712359
TI  - Adenomyosis in pregnancy. A review.
AB  - Adenomyosis of the gravid uterus has been considered a rare condition, associated
      with a high incidence of obstetric and/or surgical complications. In addition,
      various studies have claimed that the adenomyotic implants hormonally respond
      only to estrogen. A careful review of the literature does not support these
      notions. The incidence of adenomyosis in the gravid uterus appears to be about
      17%. However, 80 years' worth of literature contains only 29 reports of
      associated obstetric complications. There is also ample evidence of adenomyosis
      demonstrating progesterone effects within the hormonal milieu of pregnancy.

PMID- 3712360
TI  - Prepartum and intrapartum breast stimulation in obstetrics. A review.
AB  - The publication of studies that describe the use of breast stimulation to produce
      or augment contractions before and during labor has grown rapidly over the last
      three years. Until recently, this physiologic phenomenon appears to have been
      little recognized in the medical literature, though references to the technique
      do appear in the medical literature from Hippocrates to the present.

PMID- 3712361
TI  - Intractable primary infertility in women exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero.
AB  - Fertility factors were examined in 50 women with primary infertility and presumed
      in utero diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure and in 50 age-matched controls.
      Uterine deformities and endometriosis were more frequent in the DES-exposed women
      than the controls. When managed from one to four years, only 4% of DES-exposed
      women with primary infertility conceived (with no conceptions resulting in a
      viable fetus) as compared to 44% of controls. Primary infertility of one to two
      years' duration with uterine deformities characteristic of DES exposure seems to
      signal a poor prognosis for pregnancy despite treatment of identifiable fertility
      factors.

PMID- 3712362
TI  - "Ts and Blues" in pregnancy.
AB  - Data on the prenatal and postnatal effects of Talwin and Pyribenzamine ("Ts and
      Blues") abuse in pregnancy were compared with those from a control group. Anemia,
      syphilis, hepatitis and gonorrhea were more common in mothers abusing Ts and
      Blues. Their infants were more often growth retarded. Neonatal withdrawal was
      seen in 35%.

PMID- 3712363
TI  - Effect of episiotomy on the frequency of vaginal outlet lacerations.
AB  - The effect of midline episiotomy on the incidence and severity of vaginal outlet
      lacerations in spontaneous vaginal deliveries was studied in a retrospective
      manner by pairing women with and without episiotomy on the basis of age, parity
      and infant birth weight. When we controlled these three parameters, the patient
      with an episiotomy had fewer or less severe lacerations 33% of the time. However,
      when the episiotomy itself was counted as a laceration in the analysis, the
      number of patients benefitting from the procedure was reduced to 6%, with the
      nonepisiotomy patient having fewer lacerations than the episiotomy patient 78% of
      the time. The results suggest that for purposes of reducing outlet lacerations,
      the episiotomy should be used less often in spontaneous vaginal deliveries.

PMID- 3712364
TI  - Establishment of a clinical teaching associates breast examination program for
      medical students.
AB  - A program was designed to instruct medical students on how to obtain a history
      pertinent to breast abnormalities and to perform a breast examination. The use of
      clinical teaching associates provides direct student instruction and critiques
      during the examination. In addition, students are taught how to instruct patients
      in the breast self-examination and to properly document breast abnormalities.
      Such a program should be considered for incorporation in all physical diagnosis
      courses as well as in residency training programs and seminars for practicing
      physicians.

PMID- 3712365
TI  - Successful cesarean section in a gravida with the thrombocytopenia with absent
      radius syndrome. A case report.
AB  - A 20-year-old primigravida with the autosomal recessive thrombocytopenia with
      absent radius (TAR) syndrome was followed in her third trimester of pregnancy.
      Although the platelet counts ranged from 8,000 to 30,000/microL, the patient had
      minimal symptoms of peripatellar ecchymoses. She presented at term with
      spontaneous rupture of the membranes and a double footling breech presentation.
      She successfully underwent low vertical cesarean section and delivery of a term,
      viable female infant. Management of the hemodynamic status was with blood
      component therapy. Antenatal ultrasonography demonstrated normal fetal
      extremities. Review of the literature revealed this to be the first report of
      cesarean section in a TAR syndrome patient. Management of coagulation problems
      should be individualized according to the severity of the disease.

PMID- 3712366
TI  - Hyperprolactinemia and mammary prostheses. A report of eight cases.
AB  - Eight young women developed clinical manifestations of hyperprolactinemia after
      the application of bilateral methylpolixolosane mammary prostheses. Elevated
      serum levels of prolactin were present in all cases. Treatment with bromocriptine
      or methergoline corrected the excessive prolactin production and associated
      symptoms. The pathophysiology of this syndrome is unexplained as yet.

PMID- 3712367
TI  - Retroperitoneal hematoma from a ruptured tubal pregnancy as an unusual cause of a
      pelvic mass. A case report.
AB  - Retroperitoneal hematoma can result from a ruptured tubal pregnancy and present
      as a pelvic mass. Such a case has not been described previously.

PMID- 3712368
TI  - Intrathecal morphine analgesia for vaginal delivery in a woman with a single
      ventricle. A case report.
AB  - In a pregnant woman with a single cardiac ventricle, the coexisting cardiac
      anomalies provided a means of compensation. For vaginal delivery, intrathecal
      morphine was used for analgesia.

PMID- 3712369
TI  - Uterine arteriovenous fistula. A case report.
AB  - Arteriovenous malformation of the uterus is rare. It is potentially lethal
      because profuse, uncontrollable bleeding may occur with diagnostic dilatation and
      curettage. Several cases of localized uterine arteriovenous malformation have
      been reported on. The condition should be considered during routine vaginal
      examination with pulsation and thrill in the vaginal fornices, even if there is a
      normal menstrual history, as in our patient. In our patient, pathologic
      examination of the uterus demonstrated for the first time an extensive, diffuse,
      tortuous arteriovenous anastomosis extending from the upper uterine segment down
      to the stroma of the exocervix. In such cases a thorough clinical and (if
      indicated) radiologic evaluation should be done before curettage, or even cone
      biopsy, to avoid possible massive hemorrhage.

PMID- 3712370
TI  - Genital tuberculosis in reproductive-age women. A report of two cases.

PMID- 3712371
TI  - A novel class of conformationally restricted heterocyclic muscarinic agonists.
AB  - A series of conformationally restricted compounds containing the 4,5,6,7
      tetrahydroisoxazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-3-ol (THPO) skeleton, including O-methyl-THPO
      (10a) and O,5-dimethyl-THPO (11a), were synthesized. The compounds were designed
      by bioisosteric replacement of the methyl ester groups of the muscarinic
      cholinergic agonists norarecoline and arecoline by the 3-methoxyisoxazole group,
      and their interactions with central and peripheral muscarinic receptors were
      tested in vitro. The compounds 10a, 11a, O-ethyl-THPO (10b), O-propargyl-THPO
      (10j), and O-ethyl-5-methyl-THPO (11b) were inhibitors of the binding of the
      muscarinic mustard [3H]PrBCM to rat brain membranes with an increasing order of
      potency. There was, however, a very low degree of correlation between these
      binding data and the effects of the compounds on peripheral (ileal) muscarinic
      receptors, where 11a, 10j, 11b, and 10a were agonists with a decreasing order of
      potency, whereas O-isopropyl-THPO (10e) showed antagonistic effects. The
      relatively low pKa values of the compounds (7.5-7.7 for compounds with secondary
      and 6.1-7.0 for compounds with tertiary amino groups) are likely to allow the
      compounds to penetrate the blood-brain barrier.

PMID- 3712372
TI  - Synthesis and biological activities of oligo(8-bromoadenylates) as analogues of
      5'-O-triphosphoadenylyl(2'----5')adenylyl(2'----5')adenosine.
AB  - The 8-bromoadenosine analogue of 5'-O-triphosphoadenylyl(2'----5')adenylyl(2'---
      5')adenosine (2-5A) and its derivatives were synthesized, and their biological
      activity was evaluated in mouse L cell extracts. All compounds, except 5'
      dephosphorylated "cores" bound to the 2-5A-dependent endonuclease with a relative
      activity, depending on the derivative, of 1 to 0.035 of that of 2-5A trimer. 8
      Bromoadenylate trimer 5'-mono-, -di, and -triphosphates inhibited protein
      synthesis with a relative activity of 0.0023, 0.050, and 0.015 compared to 2-5A.
      Tetramer 5'-monophosphate also inhibited protein synthesis (relative activity
      0.0033). The corresponding pentamer 5'-monophosphate did not; however, the
      pentamer 5'-diphosphate was able to inhibit translation (relative activity
      0.0092). All compounds that possessed inhibitory activity in the protein
      synthesis inhibition assay gave ribosomal RNA cleavage patterns characteristic of
      the action of 2-5A-dependent endonuclease. Thus, 8-bromination of the all of the
      adenine rings of 2-5A leads to 20- to 70-fold reduction in the biological
      activity of the corresponding 5'-di- and -triphosphate, respectively; however,
      this same alteration of the three adenine moieties gives rise to a 5'
      monophosphate with much enhanced translational inhibitory activity compared to
      the parent 2-5A trimer 5'-monophosphate.

PMID- 3712373
TI  - Structural studies on bioactive compounds. 4. A structure-antitumor activity
      study on analogues of N-methylformamide.
AB  - A series of derivatives of N-methylformamide (NMF), an experimental antitumor
      agent, has been prepared, having the general formula R3C(X)NR1R2 where R1 = H,
      CH3, CD3, CH2CF3, CH2CH2Cl, cyclopropyl, C2H5, CH2OH, CH2OR, CH2N(CH3)2; R2 = H,
      CH3; R3 = H, CF3, CCl3, CH3, Ph, NHCH3, N(CH3)2; and X = O, S, NH. A further
      short series of "push-pull" olefins of the general formula R1R2C = CHNR3R4 has
      been synthesized where R1 = H, CH3 and R2 = H, NO2, CN, CHO, CH3 and R3 = H and
      R4 = H, CH3, morpholino. These compounds have been tested for activity against
      the M5076 ovarian sarcoma and the TLX5 lymphoma in mice. NMF was by far the most
      potent agent of both series with activity against both tumors. Some other
      compounds showed weak activity, but there is a rigorous structural requirement
      for activity and most analogues were inactive. Certain members of the series
      exist as equilibrium mixtures of rotamers about the amide or pro-amide bonds as
      shown by NMR.

PMID- 3712374
TI  - Synthesis and biological activity of resolved C-10 diastereomers of 10-methyl-
      and 10-ethyl-10-deazaminopterin.
AB  - Synthesis and evaluation of the antitumor drugs 10-methyl- and 10-ethyl-10
      deazaminopterin (15a,b) were previously reported for the diastereomeric mixtures,
      lacking resolution at the C-10 position. In order to assess biological properties
      of the individual diastereomers, the C-10 isomers of 4-amino-4-deoxy-10-methyl-
      and 10-ethyl-10-deazapteroic acids (13a,b) were prepared by total synthesis.
      Coupling with L-glutamate afforded the appropriate diastereomers of the title
      compounds. Biochemical, transport, and cell growth inhibitory properties in L1210
      cells and folate-dependent bacteria were measured. Differences were generally
      less than 2-fold between diastereomeric pairs, but a factor of 3 was noted for
      d,L-15b vs. l,L-15b in inhibition of DHFR from L1210 cells and in cytotoxicity
      toward L1210 cells. An in vivo comparison of the isomers of 15b with racemic
      compound against L1210 in mice did not show a significant efficacy difference
      (ILS) among the compounds. However, d,L-15b showed an acute toxicity about 2.5
      times that of l,L-15b.

PMID- 3712376
TI  - Quinazoline antifolates inhibiting thymidylate synthase: variation of the amino
      acid.
AB  - Five new analogues (1c-g) of the antifolate N10-propargyl-5,8-dideazafolic acid
      (1a) are described in which the benzoyl-L-glutamate moiety was replaced by
      benzoic acid (desglutamyl-N10-propargyl-5,8-dideazafolic acid), benzoyl-L
      aspartate, 4-phenylbutyrate, benzoylglycine, and benzoyl-L-alanine. The esters of
      the appropriate 4-aminophenyl (benzoyl) starting materials were sequentially
      alkylated upon nitrogen, first with a propargyl halide and then with 2-amino-6
      (bromomethyl)-4-hydroxyquinazoline hydrobromide. Saponification of the antifolate
      esters so produced gave the desired analogues. The new derivatives (1c-g) and
      also the known diethyl ester of 1a (1b) were tested for their inhibition of
      purified L1210 thymidylate synthase (TS) and for their inhibition of the growth
      of L1210 cells in culture. The TS inhibition of the analogues 1b-g was estimated
      by calculating the inverse relative potency, defined as the ratio
      IC50(compound)/IC50(1a). The results obtained were as follows: greater than 62,
      84, 9, 333, 21, and 5, respectively. All were thus less inhibitory than 1a. None
      of the compounds improved upon 1a in inhibiting the growth of L1210 cells in
      culture.

PMID- 3712375
TI  - Synthesis and dopaminergic activity of trans-6-methyl-7a,8,9,10,11,11a-hexahydro
      7H-pyrrolo[3,2,1-gh]- 4,7-phenanthroline and trans-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,10b-octahydro
      4,7-phenanthroline derivatives.
AB  - The synthesis and dopamine agonist activity of some derivatives of trans-6-methyl
      7a,8,9,10,11,11a-hexahydro-7H-pyrrolo[3,2,1-gh]- 4,7-phenanthroline (6a-c) are
      reported. These compounds can be regarded as analogues of ergoline derivatives
      with the indole nucleus replaced by indolizine. These congeners have been
      evaluated as inhibitors of prolactin release in vivo. trans-6-Methyl-8-ethyl
      7a,8,9,10,11,11a-hexahydro-7H-pyrrolo[3,2,1-gh]- 4,7-phenanthroline (6b) proved
      to produce a dose-dependent inhibition of serum prolactin that was almost
      complete at the highest dose employed. Although effective, this compound was far
      less potent than bromocriptine. The 8-propyl derivative 6c was weakly active only
      at very high doses, and the 8-methyl derivative 6a proved to be completely
      ineffective. trans-4-Propyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,10b-octahydro-4,7-phenanthroline (7),
      a molecular simplification of hexahydropyrrolo-4,7-phenanthroline, proved to be
      the most potent among the newly synthesized compounds. These results, taken
      together with those of previous studies, suggest that the presence of the
      nitrogen of the indolizine nucleus and the N-7 in the octahydro-4,7
      phenanthroline 7 are significant for the interaction with the dopamine receptor
      involved in the control of prolactin release.

PMID- 3712377
TI  - Considerations for the design of nitrophenyl mustards as agents with selective
      toxicity for hypoxic tumor cells.

PMID- 3712378
TI  - Substituted 1-benzylimidazole-2-thiols as potent and orally active inhibitors of
      dopamine beta-hydroxylase.

PMID- 3712379
TI  - The ensemble approach to distance geometry: application to the nicotinic
      pharmacophore.
AB  - We develop an extension of conventional distance geometry techniques that treats
      two or more molecules as a single "ensemble". This extension can be used to find
      a common pharmacophore, i.e., the spatial arrangement of essential groups, from a
      small set of biologically active molecules. The approach can generate, in one
      step, coordinates for the set of molecules in their "active" conformations such
      that their essential groups are superimposed. As an example, we show how the
      nicotinic pharmacophore can be deduced from a set of four nicotinic agonists:
      nicotine, cytisine, ferruginine methiodide, and muscarone. Three essential groups
      in each agonist are chosen: the cationic center (A), an electronegative atom (B),
      and an atom (C) that forms a dipole with B. There is only one pharmacophore
      possible for the superposition of these essential groups: a triangle with sides
      4.8 A (A-B), 4.0 A (A-C), and 1.2 A (B-C). The pharmacophore triangle, which is
      consistent with previous models in the literature, can also be achieved by the
      agonist trans-3,3'-bis[(trimethylammonio)methyl]azobenzene and the antagonists
      strychnine, trimethaphan, and dihydro-beta-erythroidine. An examination of the
      common volumes of agonists suggests a specific disposition of molecular volume
      relative to the pharmacophore triangle. We discuss the relative strengths and
      drawbacks of the ensemble approach vs. other conformational search methods.

PMID- 3712380
TI  - Structure-taste correlation of L-aspartyl dipeptides using SIMCA method.
AB  - One of the pattern recognition techniques, the SIMCA method, has been applied to
      structure-taste studies on L-aspartyl dipeptides (L-Asp-NH-R). The sweet and
      bitter taste class models of the peptides were obtained by using five structural
      descriptors, such as molar refractivity, and four kinds of STERIMOL parameters.
      The classification rates were calculated to be 87% and 81% for sweet and bitter
      peptides, respectively. The SIMCA method has also suggested that two factors,
      shape and size, of the C-terminal amino acid moiety R in the dipeptides are
      extremely important to model their taste qualities.

PMID- 3712381
TI  - Structure-activity relationships of dopaminergic 5-hydroxy-2-aminotetralin
      derivatives with functionalized N-alkyl substituents.
AB  - 5-Hydroxy-2-aminotetralin derivatives in which one N-alkyl substituent carries a
      functional group have been prepared and their dopaminergic activities compared
      with those of 5-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (5-OH-DPAT) and known
      ergolines. Several members of the series demonstrated high affinities in dopamine
      (DA) receptor binding and DA agonist properties in the rotational behavior model
      in the range of known potent ergolines. The results suggest that the accessory
      binding site for the larger N-alkyl substituent of the 5-hydroxy-2-aminotetralins
      can accommodate various neutral and bulky functionalities and is probably
      identical with the site(s) to which the 8-substituents of the ergolines bind.

PMID- 3712382
TI  - Conformational analysis of the dopamine-receptor agonist 5-hydroxy-2
      (dipropylamino)tetralin and its C(2)-methyl-substituted derivative.
AB  - The conformational preferences of the dopamine (DA) receptor agonist 5-hydroxy-2
      (di-n-propylamino)tetralin (1) and the DA-inactive 5-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(di-n
      propylamino)tetralin (2) have been studied by use of molecular mechanics (MMP2)
      calculations and NMR spectroscopy. A good agreement is demonstrated between the
      experimentally determined (by NMR) and the calculated (by MMP2) conformational
      distribution of 1 and 2. In addition, there is a good agreement between bond
      distances and bond angles in the X-ray structure of the hydrobromide of 1 and
      those in the corresponding MMP2 conformation. Results obtained demonstrate that
      the energetically preferred conformations of 1 and 2 are different: Compound 1
      preferentially adopts half-chair conformations with a pseudoequatorial nitrogen
      substituent whereas the low-energy conformations of compound 2 have a pseudoaxial
      nitrogen substituent. However, the results also indicate that the difference in
      conformational preferences is too small to account for the dopaminergic
      inactivity of 2. Therefore it is suggested that the steric bulk of the C(2)
      methyl group per se prevents a proper alignment of (2S)-2 with DA receptors.

PMID- 3712383
TI  - Synthesis, antimalarial activity, and quantitative structure-activity
      relationships of tebuquine and a series of related 5-[(7-chloro-4
      quinolinyl)amino]-3-[(alkylamino)methyl] [1,1'-biphenyl]-2-ols and N omega
      oxides.
AB  - A series of 5-[(7-chloro-4-quinolinyl)amino]-3-[(alkylamino)methyl] [1,1'
      biphenyl]-2-ols and N omega-oxides was prepared from the substituted 1-phenyl-2
      propanones proceeding through the 5-nitro[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-ols, the corresponding
      amino, and acetamido derivatives to the N-[5-[(alkylamino)methyl]-6-hydroxy[1,1'
      biphenyl]-3-yl]acetamides and final condensation with 4,7-dichloroquinoline or
      the N-oxide. In a quantitative structure-activity relationship study first run on
      28 and later expanded to 40 substituted phenyl analogues and their N omega
      oxides, increasing antimalarial potency vs. Plasmodium berghei in mice was found
      to be correlated with decreasing size (sigma MR) and electron donation (sigma
      sigma) of the phenyl ring substituents. A significant correlation with N omega
      oxidation could not be demonstrated. Initial high activity against P. berghei
      infections in mice led to expanded studies that demonstrated in addition
      excellent activity against resistant strains of parasite, activity in primate
      models, and pharmacokinetic properties apparently allowing protection against
      infection for extended periods of time even after oral administration. Such
      properties encourage the clinical trial of a member of this class in man.

PMID- 3712384
TI  - Syntheses and in vitro evaluation of 4-(2-aminoethyl)-2(3H)-indolones and related
      compounds as peripheral prejunctional dopamine receptor agonists.
AB  - A series of (beta-aminoethyl)indolones and related compounds was synthesized and
      evaluated in vitro as peripheral prejunctional dopaminergic agonists in the field
      stimulated isolated perfused rabbit ear artery. 4-[2-(Di-n-propylamino)ethyl]-7
      hydroxy-2(3H)-indolone was the most potent compound (ED50 = 2 +/- 0.3 nM) tested,
      while the related secondary amine 24 and the des-OH derivatives 28 and 34 were
      only slightly less potent. 4-Methoxybenzeneethanamine and 2-methyl-3
      nitrophenylacetic acid were employed as starting materials for for the synthesis
      of the 4-(beta-aminoethyl)indolones. The ring-opened 3-acylamino analogues 46 and
      47 were prepared via nitration of the phenethylamine 43 derived from 4
      methoxyphenylacetic acid. The inactive isomeric indolones 38, 39, and 41 were
      derived from 4-nitrobenzeneethanamine and from indolone-6-acetic acid.

PMID- 3712385
TI  - Synthesis, saludiuretic, and antihypertensive activity of 6,7-disubstituted 1(2H)
      and 3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-phthalazinones.
AB  - The synthesis of the isomeric series 6-chloro-7-sulfamoyl- and 7-chloro-6
      sulfamoyl-1(2H)-phthalazinones (1 and 2) and 6-chloro-7-sulfamoyl- and 7-chloro-6
      sulfamoyl-3,4-dihydo-1(2H)-phthalazinones (3 and 4), combining structural
      features characteristic to furosemide and hydralazine, is described, the
      mechanism of the formation of 1 and 2 is discussed, and their structure
      activities relationships are studied. Preliminary screening in the rat shows that
      series 1 and 3 exhibit diuretic and saluretic activity similar to that of
      chlorothiazide with, however, Na+/K+ ratios more favorable than chlorothiazide
      and furosemide. The compounds of series 2 and 4 are practically inactive. All
      four series show initial antihypertensive activity lower than that of
      hydralazine. However, compounds 1a, 1c, and 4a show a higher activity at 8 and/or
      24 h after administration and thus may offer a unique combination of a "loop"
      diuresis with direct long-acting peripheral vasodilating effects.

PMID- 3712386
TI  - Modified di- and tripeptides of the C-terminal portion of oxytocin and
      vasopressin as possible cognition activation agents.
AB  - A number of peptides and modified peptides were synthesized and studied for their
      ability to reverse electroconvulsive shock-induced amnesia in rodents. A few of
      these peptides were selected for secondary evaluation in tests of short-term
      memory in rats and aged rhesus monkeys. A number of the peptides and modified
      peptides were active in the amnesia reversal test. In selected secondary tests,
      however, the chosen compounds failed to show significant activity in enhancing
      memory. New methods for preparing methyleneamino and methyleneoxy isosteres of
      peptides are reported. Other modified peptides also included methylenethio,
      methylenesulfonyl, and ethylene isosteres in place of the normal peptide amide
      bond.

PMID- 3712387
TI  - Synthesis and antimitogenic activities of four analogues of cyclosporin A
      modified in the 1-position.
AB  - Cyclosporin A (CSA, 1), an immunosuppressive cyclic undecapeptide, contains a
      unique N-methylated amino acid, (2S,3R,4R,6E)-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-(N
      methylamino)-6-octenoic++ + acid, called both C-9-ene and MeBmt [(4R)-N-methyl-4
      butenyl-4-methylthreonine] that may be essential for the biological activity of
      CSA. In order to determine the minimal portion of MeBmt needed for antimitogenic
      activity, four analogues of CSA specifically modified in the 1-position have been
      synthesized. These are (MeThr1)CSA (4), (MeAbu1)CSA (5), (MeAbu1,Sar10)CSA (6),
      and [(MeLeu(3-OH)1)]CSA (7). The synthesis of analogues was carried out by
      forming a linear undecapeptide that was cyclized at the two non-N-methylated
      amino acids. The structure of cyclic analogues 4-7 and their corresponding
      precursors were established unequivocally by 1H NMR, FAB mass spectrometry,
      elemental analysis, and HPLC. The inhibition of Con A stimulated thymocytes by
      CSA (1), DH-CSA (2), 7, 4, 5, and 6 gave IC50's (nM) of 4, 10, 600, 8 X 10(3), 15
      X 10(3), and 40 X 10(3), respectively. The increase in IC50 by modification of
      the side chain in MeBmt suggested the importance of this amino acid in the 1
      position of CSA for full antimitogenic activity.

PMID- 3712388
TI  - The orofaciodigital (OFD) syndromes.

PMID- 3712389
TI  - Familial partial lipodystrophy: two types of an X linked dominant syndrome,
      lethal in the hemizygous state.
AB  - Familial lipodystrophy (referred to in publications as the Kobberling-Dunnigan
      syndrome) comprises at least two clinical phenotypes which are consistent within
      each pedigree. In type 1 familial lipodystrophy, loss of subcutaneous fat is
      confined to the limbs, sparing the face and trunk. In type 2 familial
      lipodystrophy, the trunk is also affected with the exception of the vulva, giving
      an appearance of labial hypertrophy. Diabetes mellitus, hyperlipoproteinaemia,
      and acanthosis nigricans are present to a variable degree in some but not all
      patients with familial lipodystrophy, and the abnormal distribution of
      subcutaneous fat is the essential hallmark of the syndrome. In addition to a
      survey of published reports, new cases with the syndrome are described. Both
      types of partial lipodystrophy, occurring either as familial disease or as
      sporadic cases, have only been observed in female patients. Study of the
      pedigrees of five families with familial lipodystrophy (two Scottish and three
      German) suggests an X linked dominant mode of transmission, lethal in the
      hemizygous (XY) state. The two clinical phenotypes with their variably expressive
      metabolic abnormalities are consistent either with different mutants of the same
      allele or with two genes on adjacent loci. Other clinical phenotypes of familial
      lipodystrophy may exist due to further mutations of the same allele or of genes
      on adjacent loci. The nature of the disorder in patients with familial
      lipodystrophy usually escapes recognition for many years and the syndrome is
      almost certainly much commoner than the few families described to date suggest.

PMID- 3712390
TI  - Monosomy 8p: an easily overlooked syndrome.
AB  - Two patients with partial monosomy of the short arm of chromosome 8 are
      described. Their clinical features were very similar. Comparison with previously
      reported patients confirms the existence of an 8p- syndrome. The importance of
      cytogenetic investigations in all infants with major congenital heart defect and
      facial dysmorphism or microcephaly or both is stressed.

PMID- 3712392
TI  - Familial calcification of the basal ganglia with cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis.
AB  - Two related infants with microcephaly, spastic quadriplegia, and profound
      retardation are reported. Both showed extensive bilateral symmetrical
      calcification of the basal ganglia with cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis.

PMID- 3712391
TI  - The relationship between the acetylator and the sparteine hydroxylation
      polymorphisms.
AB  - Thirty-eight healthy white British Caucasian subjects were hydroxylator
      phenotyped with sparteine and acetylator phenotyped with sulphadimidine. The
      results showed that there was no significant difference in the mean sparteine
      metabolic ratio between eight rapid acetylator extensive hydroxylators and 27
      slow acetylator extensive hydroxylators.

PMID- 3712393
TI  - A Noonan-like short stature syndrome with sparse hair.
AB  - Noonan's syndrome is a clinically recognisable short stature syndrome with
      autosomal dominant inheritance. The diagnosis can be difficult as the phenotypic
      expression is very variable. There has been an attempt to divide this syndrome
      into type I (in which the facial features, especially ptosis, antimongoloid eye
      slant, and hypertelorism are prominent) and type II (where cardiological
      abnormalities are more to the fore), but this has not yet been confirmed by other
      studies.

PMID- 3712394
TI  - Duchenne muscular dystrophy in a female with a translocation involving Xp21.
AB  - A female with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, diagnosed at the age of 3 years 8
      months, is reported. Chromosome studies revealed an X;autosome reciprocal
      translocation t(X;5) (p21.2;q31.2). With the BrdU-Hoechst 33258-Giemsa technique,
      there was nonrandom preferential inactivation of the normal X. Our patient is the
      ninth reported case of Duchenne muscular dystrophy associated with an X;autosome
      translocation. In all cases the breakpoint in the X chromosome is in band p21 at
      or near the site of the DMD gene.

PMID- 3712395
TI  - An additional case of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome in a 46,XY infant with female
      external genitalia.
AB  - Ambiguity of the external genitalia has been frequently documented in male
      patients classified as the Smith-Lemli-Opitz (SLO) syndrome. Four previous case
      reports suggest that in extreme cases of the SLO syndrome there may be complete
      lack of development of the male external genitalia even in the presence of a
      normal male 46,XY karyotype. We present an additional case of a phenotypically
      female infant with dysmorphic features compatible with SLO syndrome and a 46,XY
      chromosome complement.

PMID- 3712396
TI  - Possible Waardenburg syndrome with gastrointestinal anomalies.
AB  - We describe a patient with possible Waardenburg syndrome associated with anal
      atresia and oesophageal atresia with tracheooesophageal fistula. Three other
      published cases with atretic gastrointestinal anomalies associated with the
      Waardenburg syndrome are reviewed. We conclude that the association between
      atretic lesions of the gastrointestinal tract and the Waardenburg syndrome may be
      a significant one.

PMID- 3712397
TI  - Multifocal meningiomas in a patient with a constitutional ring chromosome 22.
AB  - We report a patient with a constitutional ring chromosome 22, in whom multifocal
      meningiomas were confirmed at necropsy, and discuss the relationship between the
      constitutional chromosome change and tumourigenesis of meningiomas in this
      patient.

PMID- 3712398
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis and follow up of a child with a complex chromosome
      rearrangement.
AB  - A case of de novo, apparently balanced, three way exchange by translocation plus
      a pericentric inversion is described. The karyotype is
      46,XX,t(6;11)(p21;q21),t(11;21) (q21;p13),inv(6)(p21q11) and was ascertained
      through second trimester amniocentesis. The structural rearrangements appear
      balanced. The child was phenotypically normal at birth. Growth and motor
      development were normal until 30 months, at which time linear growth dropped
      below the 5th centile. In addition, there was delayed speech development at 2
      years of age. As far as we can determine, this is the first report of a three
      chromosome exchange including a pericentric inversion ascertained through genetic
      amniocentesis.

PMID- 3712399
TI  - Primary myelodysplastic syndrome with complex chromosomal rearrangements in a
      patient with Klinefelter's syndrome.
AB  - A patient with Klinefelter's syndrome and diabetes mellitus was diagnosed as
      having myelodysplasia. Cytogenetic analysis of the peripheral blood and the bone
      marrow cells confirmed the presence of a constitutional 47,XXY chromosome
      complement. In addition, complex karyotypic abnormalities were present.

PMID- 3712401
TI  - A study of retinitis pigmentosa in the city of Birmingham.

PMID- 3712400
TI  - Partial trisomy 6p and partial trisomy 22 resulting from 3:1 meiotic disjunction
      of maternal (6p;22q) translocation.
AB  - A male infant, partially trisomic for a small segment of chromosomes 6 and 22
      resulting from a maternal translocation, is described. Comparison of the
      phenotypic features of the proband with those noted in partial 6p and partial 22
      trisomies revealed some common features found in both chromosome anomalies but
      especially reinforced those features thought to be characteristic of 6p trisomy
      syndrome.

PMID- 3712402
TI  - Cornelia de Lange syndrome.

PMID- 3712403
TI  - A pedigree study of perinatally lethal renal disease.

PMID- 3712404
TI  - Mosaic trisomy 9.

PMID- 3712405
TI  - Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda with progressive arthropathy: a rare disorder
      frequently diagnosed among Arabs.

PMID- 3712406
TI  - Molecular euphoria.

PMID- 3712407
TI  - Private physicians in ambulatory care training in U.S. medical schools.
AB  - The contribution of private physicians to medical student education in ambulatory
      care was determined by a questionnaire directed to departments of family
      practice, internal medicine, and pediatrics in 124 U.S. medical schools and their
      branch campuses. The response rate was 84 percent. Of the responding departments,
      82 percent offered an ambulatory care course in curricular years three and/or
      four, and 56 percent utilized private physicians in their courses. Departments of
      internal medicine were least likely to offer such a course, and their courses
      less frequently included teaching by private physicians (p less than 0.0001).
      When offered, internal medicine courses in ambulatory care were least likely to
      be required for graduation and involved the fewer students. Departments of family
      practice were most likely to offer ambulatory care courses and were most likely
      to utilize private physicians in their courses.

PMID- 3712409
TI  - Effects of teaching first-year medical students skills to read medical
      literature.
AB  - A required first-year course at George Washington University School of Medicine
      and Health Sciences, entitled Studying a Study: Methods for Reading the Medical
      Literature, was evaluated by the author to determine the students' perception of
      the course's effectiveness, changes in the students' perception of their
      competence in reading medical literature, the students' knowledge of research
      study design and statistics, and the effect of the course on the students'
      journal reading. Students who took the course were questioned before and after
      the course and as fourth-year students and were compared with fourth-year
      students in a prior class that had not been offered the course. Students rated
      the course as effective. The students who took the course rated themselves as
      more competent and had greater knowledge than did the class that did not take the
      course. These students' ratings and scores declined, however, from the first to
      the fourth year. A required preclinical course in study design and statistics can
      be well received and can affect students' knowledge and perceptions of their
      competence. Reinforcement is necessary to maintain the results.

PMID- 3712408
TI  - Integrating basic science and clinical teaching for third-year medical students.
AB  - A two-month program for third-year students at the Albert Einstein College of
      Medicine of Yeshiva University provides a model for integrating basic sciences
      and clinical training. Entitled The Scientific Basis of Clinical Medicine, the
      course involves more than 100 basic science instructors and clinical instructors
      and is designed to foster recognition that good patient care requires physicians
      to evaluate the latest evidence of medical researchers. It also demonstrates the
      importance of lifelong learning in a field that constantly changes. Since 1978,
      the course has been offered in the spring of the third year after students as
      demonstrating "the continuum from basic science to clinical medicine" and as
      moderately successful in achieving its other objectives. Students view both its
      content and its less pressured environment after an intense year of clinical
      training as its major strengths.

PMID- 3712410
TI  - Measuring the problem-solving ability of students and residents by microcomputer.
AB  - Potential uses for microcomputers in medical education include evaluation of
      students and residents. A computer program developed at the University of
      Pennsylvania School of Medicine and the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
      presents simulated patient cases and then scores participants' clinical problem
      solving in the cases by comparing their performances with those of five faculty
      members. In the study reported here, the authors investigated the validity and
      reliability of this evaluation system. Total scores were significantly different
      among faculty members, residents, and third-year students on only the most
      difficult of the three cases included in the study. Performance was not related
      to the user's general analytic ability or to locus of control. This result
      suggested there is not a "type" of person who is better at medical problem
      solving on a microcomputer. A prophecy formula was used to determine that nine
      cases would be needed to achieve an adequate level of reliability in measuring
      the ability of a student or a resident. Implications of selecting a battery of
      cases for the system are discussed.

PMID- 3712411
TI  - Difficulties experienced by medical students in choosing a specialty.

PMID- 3712412
TI  - A workshop to improve the teaching skills of physician faculty members.

PMID- 3712413
TI  - Role of a medical journal club in residency training.

PMID- 3712414
TI  - Implementation of a phlebotomy training curriculum for sophomore medical
      students.

PMID- 3712416
TI  - Residency training goals.

PMID- 3712415
TI  - Medical informatics: a definition and a role in academic medical centers.

PMID- 3712417
TI  - Anti-brush border antibodies (ABBA) in sera from patients with ulcerative
      proctocolitis and in sera with antibodies against Yersinia enterocolitica 0:3.
AB  - 20 serum samples from patients with ulcerative proctocolitis (UC), and 20 serum
      samples with previously demonstrated IgG antibodies against Yersinia
      enterocolitica serotype 0:3 were analyzed with respect to the occurrence of anti
      brush border antibodies (ABBA). 50% of the UC-sera and 20% of the anti-0:3 sera
      were ABBA-positive. Occurrence of ABBA did not apparently correlate to disease
      activity, or disease extension, or medication.

PMID- 3712418
TI  - A rapid method for monocyte isolation and chemotaxis.
AB  - A rapid method for isolating human peripheral blood monocytes and studying
      chemotaxis is described. The cells are isolated at a mean purity of 60% (+/- 10%)
      using Dextran. T500 sedimentation of whole blood, followed by centrifugation of
      the leucocyte-rich plasma obtained on a discontinuous Percoll gradient (density
      1.067 g/ml). Chemotaxis was performed using a 48-well chamber and the
      chemoattractants activated serum (C5a) and FMLP and was proven by checkerboard
      analysis. Using this technique pooled serum was found to be activated by the PVP
      coated polycarbonate filter in use, producing the attractant C5a. At high
      concentrations this produced a chemotactic response identical to zymosan
      activated serum (ZAS). This technique requires small volumes of blood (15 ml) and
      enables monocyte isolation and chemotaxis to be completed in approximately 4 hr
      using leucocyte preparations in which the monocyte is the predominant cell. It
      therefore facilitates the sequential investigation of monocyte function in
      patients.

PMID- 3712419
TI  - Chronic granulomatous disease in a 23-year-old female.
AB  - A 23-year-old girl with clinical and laboratory findings characteristic of
      chronic granulomatous disease is described. The patient was admitted to hospital
      because of severe disseminated aspergillosis. Studies of neutrophils showed
      normal phagocytosis but impaired microbicidal killing and a failure of the
      respiratory burst activity as measured by NBT-reduction, superoxide generation,
      chemiluminescence and antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity. Patient's
      neutrophils had normal chemotactic responsiveness but a marked impairment in the
      level of serum chemotactic activity was observed. Neutrophils from the parents
      and 2 maternal aunts showed normal values for all the determinations. The lack of
      evidence for a carrier state in all the family members studied together with the
      inability to detect a mixed population of neutrophils in our patient are in
      contrast with the Lyon's hypothesis of X-chromosome inactivation. Our findings
      suggest an autosomal recessive inheritance in this female with chronic
      granulomatous disease.

PMID- 3712420
TI  - A simple method for correlative light, scanning electron microscopic and X-ray
      microanalytical examination of the same section.
AB  - Thin paraffin sections, mounted on scanning specimen holders previously coated
      with polyester film tape (Minnesota Mining and MFG Co., Scotch film tape No. 850
      gold), were processed for light microscopy (LM) in the conventional way, then
      covered with celloxin shellac and examined in the LM by using the upper
      illuminating source. After removal of the shellac from the surface of the sample
      by immersion in acetone, the sections were air-dried, coated with a copper layer
      in a vacuum evaporator and examined in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The
      method allows: (i) high-quality LM possibilities for establishment of the
      diagnosis in pathological cases; (ii) SEM examination of the same area as
      observed in LM; and (iii) EPMA measurements of insoluble precipitates embedded in
      the tissue. The usefulness of the proposed method is obvious in cases where the
      composition of a precipitate on LM scale is to be compared with the LM appearance
      of the surrounding tissue.

PMID- 3712421
TI  - Theoretical calculation of layer geometry in rotary shadowed models of membrane
      associated particles.

PMID- 3712422
TI  - Rationale for the application of thin, continuous metal films in high
      magnification electron microscopy.
AB  - Various metal films of different thicknesses were deposited on to a particle test
      specimen and their effects on topographic contrast generation and specimen
      preservation were determined. Tobacco mosaic virus adsorbed on to thin carbon
      supports or silicon chips was imaged in TEM or high resolution SE-I SEM at a
      magnification of 350,000X. Tantalum films of 1-2 nm (average mass) thickness
      produced best contrasts and prevented volume loss of the particles from electron
      beam damage. Excessively thick films of 5-10 nm thickness blanketed fine
      structures and caused severe volume losses. Discontinuous 2 nm thick films of
      gold or platinum decorated the surfaces, caused a loss in topographic contrasts
      and induced very high volume losses. Thin continuous metal films were necessary
      to generate high topographic contrast and to prevent volume loss from beam damage
      by providing sufficient mechanical stability for small topographic features and
      increased thermal conductivity of the specimen surface.

PMID- 3712423
TI  - Extraction of proteins and membrane lipids during low temperature embedding of
      biological material for electron microscopy.
AB  - The extraction of proteins and membrane lipids from biological materials during
      embedding procedures for electron microscopy carried out at temperatures down to
      223 K was studied. Glutaraldehyde-fixed cells of Acholeplasma laidlawii mainly
      served as test material. More than 99% of the protein and 88% of the lipid of
      these cells were retained after dehydration with ethanol or acetone between 277
      and 223 K and infiltration with methacrylate at 223 K. When methanol was used for
      dehydration, only 54% of the lipid was retained. The amount of extracted lipid
      was essentially independent of the ratio between volume of extraction liquid and
      amount of material subjected to extraction. The cytoplasmic membrane of sectioned
      Acholeplasma-cells dehydrated and infiltrated as described above appeared more
      diffuse than that of cells fixed with glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide in
      epoxy resin at room temperature. Glutaraldehyde-fixed erythrocyte ghosts retained
      85% of their phospholipid content when dehydrated with ethanol between 277 and
      223 K and infiltrated with methacrylate at 223 K. Spinach chloroplasts and
      thylakoid vesicles retained 61% and 35%, respectively, of their chlorophyll
      content.

PMID- 3712424
TI  - Consistent and efficient delineation of reference spaces for light microscopical
      stereology using a laser microbeam system.
AB  - A serious problem in stereology is to ensure a consistent definition of reference
      spaces at different levels of magnification whenever the boundaries of such
      reference spaces are either fuzzy or non-existent, and hence they have to be
      defined artificially. (It is well known that inconsistent definitions of the
      reference space leads to unknown amounts of bias in stereological results.) In
      this paper a new application is found for the laser microbeam system used in
      microdissection, whereby the required boundaries can be easily and neatly traced
      (in fact, cut) directly onto uncovered sections for light microscopy. The dangers
      of bias inherent from inconsistencies of definition are thereby eliminated
      completely, and alternative, very expensive procedures requiring direct marking
      of paper prints with a pen are no longer necessary.

PMID- 3712425
TI  - Hostility, coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence, and total mortality: lack of
      association in a 25-year follow-up study of 478 physicians.
AB  - Higher levels of hostility, assessed by a Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
      Inventory (MMPI) scale (Ho), have been associated with the incidence of coronary
      disease and mortality from coronary disease and other causes in two prospective
      studies. In this study we examined the relationship between hostility and health
      status 25 years later in 478 physicians who completed the MMPI at the time of
      their medical-school admission interview. In contrast to earlier studies, higher
      Ho scores were not predictive of coronary disease incidence or total mortality.
      The implications of this finding for current research on the hostility component
      of the Type A behavior pattern are discussed.

PMID- 3712426
TI  - Tailored media can enhance the success of smoking cessation clinics.
AB  - Smokers recruited through the medical outpatient clinics of two similar Veterans
      Hospitals over two successive years participated in a smoking cessation study
      which randomized them between a group assigned to behavior modification clinics
      and a group receiving a packet of smoking cessation material in the mail.
      Following the second year's clinics at the site of one of the two hospitals, an
      intensive media campaign, based on the content of the behavior modification
      program, was targeted at the study population over commercial television and
      radio. The six-month abstinence rate for clinic participants measured by self
      report, serum thiocyanate and exhaled air carbon monoxide was 36.8% in the group
      assigned to clinic followed by media, 20.2% in the group assigned to clinic
      alone, and 10.6% in the group receiving materials in the mail. The difference in
      cessation rates between the clinic participants who were and those who were not
      exposed to the media following their clinics was significant at the 0.05
      significance level (chi 2 = 3.9, 1 d.f.). Logistic analysis confirmed the benefit
      of the media campaign.

PMID- 3712427
TI  - Coping and adjustment to genital herpes: the effects of time and social support.
AB  - The current study investigated the relationship of the passage of time and
      membership in a self-help group with coping behaviors and distress among people
      with genital herpes. A comparison between 116 people in herpes support groups and
      36 community volunteers on the use of coping and level of emotional adjustment
      was undertaken. Results of the study indicated that people employed fewer coping
      strategies with increasing time since the onset of the stressor. This pattern was
      particularly clear in non-support-group subjects. In comparison, support-group
      members did not exhibit as significant a decrease in the use of coping strategies
      or as great an improvement in the level of depression and degree bothered by
      herpes over time. Selection factors and effects of self-help group membership are
      discussed as alternative explanations for these differences. Future research in
      the area of group membership as well as helpful and nonhelpful processes in these
      groups is suggested.

PMID- 3712428
TI  - Encouraging long-term compliance with breast self-examination: the evaluation of
      prompting strategies.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of two prompting
      interventions on promoting long-term compliance with breast self-examination
      (BSE). Subjects were 83 faculty and staff at a state university who volunteered
      to learn BSE at a 1-hr workshop. Following the workshop, subjects were randomly
      assigned to one of three experimental conditions: phone-prompt group, mail-prompt
      group, or control group. Prompted subjects received BSE reminders twice a month
      for 7 months. Performance of BSE was assessed by an ongoing, indirect behavioral
      measure. Results indicated that the prompts, particularly those delivered by
      phone, were effective in encouraging initial performance of BSE. However, for all
      conditions, BSE decreased over the course of the study. The implications of these
      findings are discussed, and recommendations for future research are presented.

PMID- 3712429
TI  - Reflections on the ex-smoker: some findings on successful quitters.
AB  - Following the lead of Schachter [(1982). Am. Psychol. 37: 436-444] a
      questionnaire was developed to assess the process of self-cure among former
      cigarette smokers and then administered to 63 ex-smokers who had quit on their
      own. Separate samples of "helped" quitters and current smokers who had tried to
      quit but failed were also interviewed. Ex-smokers scored higher on Rosenbaum's
      [(1980). Behav. Ther. 11: 109-121] Self-Control Schedule, which suggests that
      they may have succeeded because they had better self-control skills initially.
      Other results underscored the role of peer pressure and curiosity as major
      reasons for becoming a smoker, of withdrawal symptoms and loss of pleasure as
      major obstacles to quitting, and of self-confidence and perceived health benefits
      as factors that were most important in successful quitting. The difficulty
      associated with quitting was associated with cognitive factors such as beliefs
      about the addictive properties of nicotine and self-confidence ratings, as well
      as with a supportive social network and the amount smoked previously.

PMID- 3712430
TI  - Subjective stress sensitivity and physiological responses to an aversive auditory
      stimulus in migraine and control subjects.
AB  - Subjective stress sensitivity and physiological parameters were compared between
      24 migraine subjects and 24 matched headache-free controls during a
      multifrequency 85-dB (A) aversive auditory stressor and during a recovery period.
      Measures consisted of frontalis EMG, temporal artery blood volume pulse, heart
      rate, a stress sensitivity questionnaire, stress reaction during the stress
      expectation period, and ratings of noise aversiveness. Migraine subjects showed a
      higher level of general stress sensitivity, increased situational stress
      sensitivity, and higher ratings of noise aversiveness; this supports the general
      notion that migraine sufferers are psychologically more sensitive toward stress
      stimulation than nonheadache controls. Physiologically, the migraine subjects
      differed from the control group only with regard to the temporal blood volume
      pulse during stress stimulation; this finding is consistent with Wolff's weak
      link theory.

PMID- 3712431
TI  - Psychological and behavioral factors associated with dental anxiety in children.
AB  - This study of the relationship between dental anxiety and psychological and
      behavioral variables suggests that the most important factor in explaining the
      variance in children's perceived dental anxiety is their level of general
      anxiety. The negative relationship found among the frequency of dental visits,
      deciduous diseased, missing, and filled teeth (dmft), and dental anxiety implies
      that dental anxiety does not develop through simple exposure to dental settings.
      Perceived locus of control and perceived health vulnerability did not appear to
      be associated in any significant way with dental anxiety. The results indicate
      that dental anxiety may reflect a more general class of anxiety behaviors, rather
      than fears learned in response to a specific situation.

PMID- 3712432
TI  - Dirofilaria immitis as a cause of solitary pulmonary nodule.

PMID- 3712433
TI  - Statement on granting hospital privileges to perform gastrointestinal endoscopy.

PMID- 3712434
TI  - The continent jejunal reservoir in Crohn's colitis.

PMID- 3712435
TI  - Management of menopause.

PMID- 3712436
TI  - Salt-dependent co-operative interaction of histone H1 with linear DNA.
AB  - The nature of the complexes formed between histone H1 and linear double-stranded
      DNA is dependent on ionic strength and on the H1 : DNA ratio. At an input ratio
      of less than about 60% (w/w) H1 : DNA, there is a sharp transition from non-co
      operative to co-operative binding at a critical salt concentration that depends
      on the DNA size and is in the range 20 to 50 mM-NaCl. Above this critical ionic
      strength the H1 binds to only some of the DNA molecules leaving the rest free, as
      shown by sedimentation analysis. The ionic strength range over which this change
      in behaviour occurs is also that over which chromatin folding is induced. Above
      the salt concentration required for co-operative binding of H1 to DNA, but not
      below it, H1 molecules are in close proximity as shown by the formation of H1
      polymers upon chemical cross-linking. The change in binding mode is not driven by
      the folding of the globular domain of H1, since this is already folded at low
      salt in the presence of DNA, as indicated by its resistance to tryptic digestion.
      The H1-DNA complexes at low salt, where H1 is bound distributively to all DNA
      molecules, contain thickened regions about 6 nm across interspersed with free
      DNA, as shown by electron microscopy. The complexes formed at higher salt through
      co-operative interactions are rods of relatively uniform width (11 to 15 nm)
      whose length is about 1.6 times shorter than that of the input DNA, or are
      circular if the DNA is long enough. They contain approximately 70% (w/w) H1 : DNA
      and several DNA molecules. These thick complexes can also be formed at low salt
      (15 mM-NaCl) when the H1 : DNA input ratio is sufficiently high (approximately
      70%).

PMID- 3712437
TI  - Elongation factor Tu localized on the exterior surface of the small ribosomal
      subunit.
AB  - Protein synthesis elongation factor Tu has been mapped on the surface of the
      ribosome by immunoelectron microscopy. The EF-Tu binding site is located near the
      concave portion of the small subunit at the level of the neck and extends 60 to
      70 A above and below the neck. The binding site is present on the side of the
      subunit opposite the platform, i.e. on the exterior subunit surface. This EF-Tu
      site differs from that found for elongation factor G in that the EF-Tu site is
      significantly more exposed to the cytoplasm.

PMID- 3712438
TI  - Tubulin pseudogenes as markers for hominoid divergence.
AB  - Processed pseudogenes arise via unimolecular events that result in the
      integration of nonfunctional (and therefore non-selected) regions of DNA into the
      germ line. The sequence of such pseudogenes can be used as a novel form of
      evolutionary clock: the older a particular pseudogene, the more mutations it has
      acquired relative to the selectively constrained functional gene from which it
      was originally derived. We have used specific beta-tubulin gene probes to assay
      for the presence of fully sequenced processed pseudogenes in genomic DNA from
      various hominoid species. The data suggest that orangutan is more closely related
      to human, chimpanzee and gorilla than is generally believed.

PMID- 3712439
TI  - Characterization of single crystals of the large ribosomal particles from
      Bacillus stearothermophilus.
AB  - Single, three-dimensional crystals of the 50 S ribosomal subunit from Bacillus
      stearothermophilus (strain NCA) have been characterized using a synchrotron X-ray
      source. The crystals are orthorhombic with unit cell dimensions: a = 350 A, b =
      670 A, c = 905 A, and contain at least one 2-fold screw axis. With cooling to -2
      degrees C, the large crystals (1.0 mm X 0.2 mm X 0.1 mm) diffract to 15 to 18 A
      resolution and are stable in the synchrotron beam for several hours. Despite the
      large cell dimensions, the reflections are readily resolved when the X-ray
      diffraction patterns are densitometered with a 25 microns faster.

PMID- 3712440
TI  - Expression and transmission of a rodent retrovirus-like (VL30) gene family.
AB  - A transcriptionally active sub-set of the dispersed mouse VL30 family of proviral
      genetic elements was shown to be highly transmissible as a murine leukaemia virus
      pseudotype. Newly acquired VL30 proviruses (present at 1 to 2 copies per cell)
      were shown to be transcriptionally active. These data substantiate the hypothesis
      that this process of duplicative transposition may have played a major role in
      the evolution of the gene family and also demonstrate that VL30 elements would be
      capable of mediating oncogene activation by a promoter-insertion-type mechanism
      during leukaemia virus-induced tumourgenesis.

PMID- 3712441
TI  - Crystallization of a DNA tridecamer d(C-G-C-A-G-A-A-T-T-C-G-C-G).
AB  - Crystals of the DNA tridecamer d(C-G-C-A-G-A-A-T-T-C-G-C-G) have been grown by
      the vapor-diffusion technique with 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol as precipitant. They
      are monoclinic space group C2, with a = 79.6 A, b = 43.1 A, c = 24.9 A and beta =
      98.7 degrees. Previous nuclear magnetic resonance studies predicted that this
      tridecamer forms a duplex similar to the B DNA dodecamer, d(C-G-C-G-A-A-T-T-C-G-C
      G), except for an extra adenosine residue that is stacked within the helix but
      remains unpaired: (formula; see text) Preliminary X-ray diffraction studies
      confirmed that the tridecamer is in the B DNA conformation, consistent with the
      nuclear magnetic resonance results.

PMID- 3712442
TI  - Identification of proteins and protein domains that contact DNA within adenovirus
      nucleoprotein cores by ultraviolet light crosslinking of oligonucleotides 32P
      labelled in vivo.
AB  - A new approach to the identification of DNA binding proteins has been developed
      and used to study the DNA-protein interactions within the nucleoprotein core of
      subgroup C adenoviruses. Virions labelled in vivo with [32P]orthophosphate were
      exposed to ultraviolet light and the DNA digested by chemical or enzymatic
      methods. Labelled phosphoamino acids of the virion phosphoproteins were
      selectively hydrolysed by alkali, permitting proteins crosslinked to DNA to be
      identified by virtue of their covalently attached, 32P-labelled nucleotides. In
      parallel experiments, [3H]arginine-labelled virions were crosslinked by exposure
      to ultraviolet light and analysed by more conventional methods. The results
      indicate that proteins VII and V lie in close contact with viral DNA within the
      core. The compact arrangement of the nucleoprotein core appears to be capable of
      trapping protein VII molecules that are not covalently attached to DNA after
      exposure to ultraviolet light, suggesting that viral DNA might be wrapped around
      clusters of protein VII molecules. The domains of protein VII that lie in contact
      with DNA were identified by partial proteolytic mapping of the sites of covalent
      attachment of the 32P-labelled oligonucleotides. The implications of these data
      for the nature of the interactions that mediate the packaging of viral DNA within
      the nucleoprotein core of adenovirions are discussed.

PMID- 3712443
TI  - Three-dimensional structure of catalase from Penicillium vitale at 2.0 A
      resolution.
AB  - The three-dimensional structure analysis of crystalline fungal catalase from
      Penicillium vitale has been extended to 2.0 A resolution. The crystals belong to
      space group P3(1)21, with the unit cell parameters of a = b = 144.4 A and c =
      133.8 A. The asymmetric unit contains half a tetrameric molecule of 222 symmetry.
      Each subunit is a single polypeptide chain of approximately 670 amino acid
      residues and binds one heme group. The amino acid sequence has been tentatively
      determined by computer graphics model building (using the FRODO system) and
      comparison with the known sequence of beef liver catalase. The atomic model has
      been refined by the Hendrickson & Konnert (1981) restrained least-squares program
      against 68,000 reflections between 5 A and 2 A resolution. The final R-factor is
      0.31 after 24 refinement cycles. The secondary and tertiary structure of the
      catalase has been analyzed.

PMID- 3712444
TI  - Comparison of beef liver and Penicillium vitale catalases.
AB  - The structures of Penicillium vitale and beef liver catalase have been determined
      to atomic resolution. Both catalases are tetrameric proteins with deeply buried
      heme groups. The amino acid sequence of beef liver catalase is known and contains
      (at least) 506 amino acid residues. Although the sequence of P. vitale catalase
      has not yet been determined chemically, 670 residues have been built into the 2 A
      resolution electron density map and have been given tentative assignments. A
      large portion of each catalase molecule (91% of residues in beef liver catalase
      and 68% of residues in P. vitale catalase) shows structural homology. The root
      mean-square deviation between 458 equivalenced C alpha atoms is 1.17 A. The
      dissimilar parts include a small fragment of the N-terminal arm and an additional
      "flavodoxin-like" domain at the carboxy end of the polypeptide chain of P. vitale
      catalase. In contrast, beef liver catalase contains one bound NADP molecule per
      subunit in a position equivalent to the chain region, leading to the flavodoxin
      like domain, of P. vitale catalase. The position and orientation of the buried
      heme group in the two catalases, relative to the mutually perpendicular molecular
      dyad axes, are identical within experimental error. A mostly hydrophobic channel
      leads to the buried heme group. The surface opening to the channel differs due to
      the different disposition of the amino-terminal arm and the presence of the
      additional flavodoxin-like domain in P. vitale catalase. Possible functional
      implications of these comparisons are discussed.

PMID- 3712445
TI  - Mini-myoglobin: preparation and reaction with oxygen and carbon monoxide.
AB  - A domain of 108 amino acid residues (32 to 139), obtained by digestion of horse
      heart apomyoglobin with clostripain, was found to bind protoheme in a 1 to 1
      molar ratio. This domain is 33 amino acid residues larger than the protein
      segment encoded by the central exon in seal myoglobin. Flash photolysis
      experiments have shown that reconstituted "mini-myoglobin" is very similar to
      myoglobin in the combination reaction with carbon monoxide and with oxygen, and
      in the oxygen replacement reaction by carbon monoxide. These experiments provide
      for the first time direct evidence for the presence of a structural and
      functional domain, closely corresponding to the segment encoded by the central
      exon of the myoglobin gene, which contains the information for binding the
      natural heme and for maintaining the native folding typical of a respiratory
      protein.

PMID- 3712446
TI  - Electrophysiological basis for arrhythmias caused by acute ischemia. Role of the
      subendocardium.
AB  - The major electrophysiological changes during the first 10 min of myocardial
      ischemia caused by complete obstruction of a coronary artery are a reduction in
      membrane potential, a decrease in action potential amplitude and upstroke
      velocity, and a prolongation of recovery of excitability following an action
      potential. Conduction velocity in the direction parallel to the long axis of
      myocardial fibers (VL) and in the transverse direction (VT) in normal myocardium
      are in the order of 40 cm/s and 20 cm/s respectively. During ischemia, conduction
      velocity decreases and lowest values for VL are in the order of 20 cm/s, for VT
      around 10 cm/s, before the ischemic tissue becomes inexcitable. Calculated
      dimensions of a possible re-entrant circuit in acutely ischemic myocardium (the
      product of refractory period and conduction velocity) are in the order of 7 to 8
      cm. Re-entrant circuits of such dimensions were indeed demonstrated by
      simultaneous recording of 125 extracellular potentials from the epicardial
      surface of the ventricles during spontaneously occurring ventricular arrhythmias
      after coronary occlusion. Previous studies provided evidence that premature
      ventricular depolarization which initiate re-entry originated in the
      subendocardium, and the present experiments confirmed this. Destruction of the
      subendocardium of isolated, Langendorff perfused canine hearts, including the
      Purkinje system, by intracavitary application of phenol, did not, however,
      abolish ectopic activity during either ischemia or reperfusion, although the
      nature of the arrhythmias during ischemia was different from those in intact
      hearts. Coupling intervals of ectopic beats were longer in phenol-treated hearts
      than in intact hearts, but the site of origin of initial ectopic beats leading to
      ventricular tachycardia could not be determined. Re-entrant circuits with
      revolution times in the order of 340 to 400 ms accounted for the slow
      tachycardias observed in phenol-treated hearts. In contrast to intact hearts,
      these tachycardias never degenerated into ventricular fibrillation, indicating
      that an intact Purkinje system may be a necessary requirement for ventricular
      fibrillation to occur during acute, regional myocardial ischemia.

PMID- 3712447
TI  - Intrinsic neurosecretory neurons of the rat heart atrioventricular junction:
      possibility of local neuromuscular feed back loops.
AB  - The microanatomy and ultrastructure of rat heart atrioventricular junction were
      studied on serial sections of both paraffin and epoxy embedded samples. The
      animals were pretreated with 5-hydroxy-dopamine in order to differentiate the
      adrenergic component of the terminal nerve plexus. Two kinds of ganglia could be
      identified throughout the interatrial septum by the optical microscope. The first
      was composed of large pale cells with voluminous nuclei. The other resembled
      acini-like clusters of osmophilic cells. Another small ganglion was invariably
      present between right and left branches of the bundle of His. The electron
      microscopic examination of this structure revealed, apart from small pale neurons
      (10 microns in diameter), several large 5-hydroxy-dopamine contrasted
      neurosecretory cells (up to 30 microns) with abundant electron dense vesicles
      typical for sympathetic neurons. Numerous glomeruli with dendrodendritic and
      axodendritic connections, some of which exhibit the same 5-hydroxy-dopamine
      loaded vesicles, could be found in the vicinity of the specialized conducting
      tissue. The functional implications of the above morphological data are not
      clear. However, the intrinsic neurosecretory component can be expected to
      modulate both specialized cells and neighbouring neurons. The heterogeneity of
      neuro-neuronal and neuro-muscular relations, such as perinodal mechanoreceptors,
      may suggest that the terminal nerve plexus not only distributes the efferent
      stimuli, but that it also has an integrative function which is the necessary
      prerequisite for a local feed back autoregulation.

PMID- 3712448
TI  - Sympathetic neural mechanisms in cardiac arrhythmias.
AB  - In the present experiments the dominant role in the genesis of arrhythmias of
      stimulation of beta adrenoceptors over that of alpha adrenoceptors has been
      demonstrated by: (i) infusion of catecholamines in the isolated right ventricular
      Purkinje fiber preparation of rabbits; and (ii) by subepicardial microinfusion of
      these substances to anesthetized thoracotomized dogs. Activation of the latent
      pacemaker areas by local myocardial ischemia was shown. Catecholamine-induced
      arrhythmias also resulted from premature excitation of the working myocardium as
      a consequence of an interaction of Purkinje firing and excitation originating
      from higher pacemaker areas.

PMID- 3712449
TI  - Potassium loss from rabbit myocardium during hypoxia: evidence for passive efflux
      linked to anion extrusion.
AB  - To determine the effects of permeant and impermeant anions and of osmolarity on
      potassium (K+) exchange, the net uptake and efflux of 42K+ were recorded in the
      isolated arterially perfused rabbit septum. Perfusion with solution made
      hyperosmolar by adding NaCl (30 mM) or sucrose (60 mM) caused similar increases
      of 42K+ uptake which were reversible on returning to the control solution.
      Washout experiments showed that the loss of K+ on returning to the control
      perfusate was due to a decreased influx probably mediated by inhibition of the
      sodium pump. The effects of anions were studied by replacing chloride in the
      control solution with the inert and impermeant substitute isethionate (114 mM) or
      by loading the myocardium with sodium dimethyloxazeolidinedione (NaDMO, 30 mM)
      under isosmotic condition and switching to a perfusate containing sodium
      isethionate (30 mM). In both these conditions a reduction of 42K content could be
      detected and was attributable to an increased efflux. During hypoxic substrate
      free perfusion K+ loss was due to an increased efflux with no evidence for
      altered influx of potassium. The extrusion of accumulated anions from the
      myocardium could be the major determinant of the early potassium loss during
      hypoxia and ischaemia.

PMID- 3712450
TI  - Protective effect of diltiazem on ultrastructural alterations induced by coronary
      occlusion and reperfusion in dog hearts.
AB  - This study was designed to examine whether diltiazem, a calcium channel-blocker,
      inhibits the cardiac ultrastructural alterations induced by coronary occlusion
      with or without reperfusion, in dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital. The left
      anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was completely occluded for 60 min with
      or without reperfusion (induced by release of occlusion) for 20 min. Coronary
      occlusion increased ST segment in the ischemic area, and also produced typical
      ultrastructural alterations including decreased glycogen granules, destruction of
      mitochondria, and margination of the nuclear chromatin, especially in the
      subendocardium. Reperfusion of the ischemic area resulted in more severe
      alterations of the myocardial ultrastructure, including many myofibrillar
      contraction bands. Diltiazem was injected intravenously at the dose of 200
      micrograms/kg (bolus injection) 20 min before LAD occlusion, and was then infused
      intravenously at the rate of 80 micrograms/kg/min for 10 min starting at the
      beginning of LAD occlusion, the total dose being 1 mg/kg. Diltiazem decreased
      heart rate and diastolic blood pressure, inhibited the increase in ST segment,
      and also inhibited the ultrastructural alterations induced by coronary occlusion,
      regardless of reperfusion. A bolus injection of diltiazem alone (200
      micrograms/kg), however, did not inhibit markedly the ultrastructural alterations
      induced by coronary occlusion, regardless of reperfusion. It is concluded that
      the large dose of diltiazem (1 mg/kg) protects the myocardium from ischemic
      injury.

PMID- 3712451
TI  - Regional reduction in ventricular norepinephrine after healing of experimental
      myocardial infarction in cats.
AB  - Regional ventricular norepinephrine and myosin heavy chain concentrations were
      measured in two models of healed left ventricular myocardial infarction in cats.
      One model was characterized by a well-defined dense transmural scar (discrete
      myocardial infarction), while the other demonstrated a pattern of nontransmural
      diffuse patchy fibrosis in the infarct area (diffuse myocardial infarction).
      Norepinephrine and myosin heavy chain concentrations were measured in the scarred
      area, the non-infarcted zone surrounding the scar(s), and in sites remote from
      the scar. Corresponding tissue sites from unoperated animals and sham operated
      animals served as controls. Myosin heavy chain concentration was used as an index
      of surviving muscle mass to express norepinephrine concentration. Norepinephrine
      concentration, as a function of crude tissue mass, was significantly reduced in
      both the scarred tissues and the non-scarred tissues surrounding the scar in the
      discrete infarction model but was significantly reduced only in non-scarred
      tissues adjacent to the dense scar when expressed as a function of myosin heavy
      chain. The heavily scarred area of the discrete preparation approached normal
      values when corrected for myosin heavy chain content. The diffuse infarct
      preparation demonstrated normal norepinephrine concentration at all three sites
      studied, whether expressed as a function of tissue mass or myosin heavy chain.
      These data indicate a long-term regional reduction in norepinephrine
      concentration specific to non-infarcted tissues adjacent to a dense transmural
      myocardial infarction scar. This regional reduction in norepinephrine
      concentration corresponds to reported regions of increased sensitivity to
      sympathetic nerve stimulation in the discrete myocardial infarction model.

PMID- 3712452
TI  - Calcium-shifts in anoxic cardiac myocytes. A cytochemical study.
AB  - Cultivated heart muscle cells from adult rats were exposed to anoxia in a
      substrate-free Tyrode solution at constant pH. It has been shown previously that
      in this system anoxic changes of metabolism and morphology develop gradually
      during the first 60 min. In this study, intracellular Ca2+ localization was
      pursued cytochemically. Under aerobic control conditions, Ca2+-deposits are only
      detected along the sarcolemma and T-tubules. Under anoxia the pattern changes
      gradually. During the first 60 min, the number of sarcolemmal deposits is
      transiently increased and single deposits appear inside mitochondria. After 90
      and 120 min of anoxia, an increasing number of cells have lost their ability of
      sarcolemmal Ca2+ binding, but exhibit clustered deposits in single mitochondria.
      These cells are hypercontracted, often contain condensed myofibrillar masses and
      are covered with large sarcolemmal protrusions, indicating that they are
      irreversible injured. Loss of sarcolemmal Ca2+ binding ability seems to be a
      crucial event on the edge of the development of irreversible injury. Since the
      sarcolemmal Ca2+-deposits in normal cells are believed to be causally related to
      a binding of Ca2+ to anionic phospholipids, a decrease of Ca2+ affinity of these
      phospholipids and a change in the sarcolemmal phospholipid composition may be
      considered as causes for the disappearance of sarcolemma-bound Ca2+.

PMID- 3712454
TI  - Program and abstracts of the VIIth Congress of the European Section of the
      International Society for Heart Research. 22-25 June 1986. Reykjavik, Iceland.

PMID- 3712453
TI  - Effects of tolbutamide on cultured heart cells of mice.
AB  - To investigate the direct effects of tolbutamide on the myocardium, we studied
      the ultrastructure, direct effects of tolbutamide on the myocardium, we studied
      the ultrastructure, beating rhythm, cytotoxicity determining the 51Cr release
      from damaged cells and the 45Ca activity in the cultured heart cells of mice.
      After 48 h of cultivation, tolbutamide was added to give a final concentration of
      0.37, 0.93, 1.85, and 3.7 nM. The addition of high dose of tolbutamide (greater
      than 1 mM) to the culture medium produced irregular beating after 1 min and
      cessation of beating after 20 h. The cultured heart cells incubated with control
      solution or low concentrations of tolbutamide (less than 1 mM) showed little
      change in the beating rhythm and frequency. Cytotoxicity of tolbutamide on the
      cultured heart cells was observed only in high concentrations (greater than 1
      mM): the 51Cr release index was 23% at 1.85 mM and 40% at 3.7 mM. On electron
      microscopy, the heart cells cultured with high concentration of tolbutamide
      (greater than 1 mM) showed electron-dense bodies in the mitochondria and
      shortened Z-Z intervals. However, these ultrastructural alterations were not
      observed in the cultured heart cells incubated with low concentration of
      tolbutamide (less than 1 mM). The 45Ca activity of cultured heart cells, after
      the incubation for 24 h in medium containing 45Ca, was significantly increased
      only with high concentrations of tolbutamide (greater than 1 mM). We conclude
      that tolbutamide in dose of less than 1 mM had no cytotoxicity and had little
      effect on the beating rhythm, ultrastructure and intracellular calcium
      concentration of the cultured heart cells of mice.

PMID- 3712455
TI  - National Medical Association: provider/advocate for the consumers of health care
      for the minority community.

PMID- 3712456
TI  - Oral absorption of progesterone.

PMID- 3712457
TI  - Early detection of carcinomas of the right colon: role of hemoglobin and mean
      corpuscular volume.
AB  - The authors suggest that utilization of the hemoglobin-mean corpuscular volume
      index (HGB-MCV) can serve as an approach to the early detection of certain colon
      carcinomas. The results of a study of 50 patients using this index are analyzed.

PMID- 3712458
TI  - Anesthesia in intraoperative radiotherapy patients.
AB  - Intraoperative radiotherapy (IOR) is a relatively new modality for the treatment
      of carcinoma. This modality necessitates a multidisciplinary approach among the
      surgeon, anesthesiologist, radiotherapist, pathologist, and other members of the
      surgical support team. In addition to appropriate IOR and surgical techniques,
      the role of the anesthesiologist is crucial in determining patient outcome.
      Specifically, the degree of preoperative preparation has a direct correlation
      with a successful postoperative course. Patients considered for surgery are
      grouped in terms of: (1) primary tumor with no metastasis and/or unresectable
      loco-regional disease; (2) clinical and investigational evidence of tumor with no
      proven malignancy; and (3) those with known metastasis but in otherwise good
      general condition.The primary surgical goal is to localize the tumor, obtain a
      frozen-section biopsy, and evaluate for resectability at the same time as the
      radiotherapist evaluates whether IOR is indicated. Thus many facets come together
      to make the IOR procedures feasible and safe. The 148 patients treated at Howard
      University Hospital, uneventfully, should serve to justify intraoperative
      radiotherapy as both a practical and safe tool in the treatment of malignancy.

PMID- 3712459
TI  - The vulvar examination of the premenarchal child.
AB  - The premenarchal child's vulva should be assessed at each physician visit, even
      in the absence of symptoms. Vulvar problems (eg, hymenal lacerations,
      vulvovestibulitis, or labial adhesions) account for a significant percentage of
      pediatric outpatient diagnoses, yet related symptoms may not be volunteered by
      patient or parent, underlining the necessity for physical examination in order to
      have a complete data base. Despite the importance of the vulvar examination, it
      is omitted in a large percentage of cases, reflecting deficits in undergraduate
      and postgraduate medical training.In order to facilitate the thorough examination
      of the premenarchal girl's vulva, the four premenarchal stages of development and
      the physical changes encountered at each stage are described. In addition, a
      checklist guide for the performance of the vulvar examination is included.

PMID- 3712461
TI  - Medicine in the age of stress and star wars.

PMID- 3712460
TI  - The doctor and death.

PMID- 3712464
TI  - The direct relationship of health status to health care.

PMID- 3712463
TI  - Complications of cervical cerclage in Igbo women.
AB  - Igbo women inhabit one of the most densely populated regions of Africa. This
      study suggests that cervical incompetence in Igbo women is prevalent among the
      literate and higher socioeconomic group, that it occurs at an earlier age when
      compared with published series, possibly reflecting earlier marriage and
      childbearing, and that the damage occurs mostly during the first or second
      delivery.

PMID- 3712462
TI  - Massive splenomegaly as the presenting manifestation of sarcoidosis.
AB  - Giant splenomegaly in an otherwise asymptomatic 28-year-old black man with
      sarcoidosis is described. Splenomegaly resolved after only 10 weeks of prednisone
      therapy.

PMID- 3712465
TI  - Ambulatory medical care among adult black Americans: the hospital emergency room.
AB  - This paper examines how sociodemographic factors (income, education, employment
      status, age, gender, insurance coverage, and place of residence) are related to
      the use of hospital emergency rooms for serious personal problems in a nationally
      representative sample of adult black Americans. Bivariate analyses indicated that
      low income, unemployed, and older respondents were most likely to use the
      emergency room. Gender, education, insurance coverage, and place of residence
      were not related to emergency room use. Multivariate analyses revealed that the
      relationship of age to utilization could be explained by the high prevalence of
      physical health complaints among the old. The poor and unemployed remained
      significantly more likely (than the non-poor and those with jobs) to use the
      emergency room when all other predictors were taken into account. The
      implications of these findings for health services delivery to the urban black
      poor and the general illness behavior of black Americans are discussed.

PMID- 3712466
TI  - Pulmonary blebs and bullae in alcoholics: a possible alcoholic-specific lung
      phenomenon.
AB  - Chest x-ray films of 200 unselected severely alcoholic patients were studied in a
      search for a possible alcohol-lung syndrome. Fourteen instances of pulmonary
      blebs and bullae were encountered, an incidence substantially higher than usual.
      Functional airway obstruction has been previously identified in the lungs of
      alcoholics, and the present findings might be a radiologic manifestation of the
      same process. While the pathogenesis of blebs and bullae is uncertain, the
      phenomena should be included in the spectrum of respiratory pathology encountered
      on chest films of alcoholic patients.

PMID- 3712467
TI  - Update in cancer chemotherapy: gastrointestinal cancer--colorectal cancer, Part
      1.
AB  - An update of the state of the art of cancer chemotherapeutic treatment of
      gastrointestinal tract cancer is described. A review of cancers of the colon,
      rectum, anus, pancreas, stomach, small intestine, biliary passages, liver, and
      esophagus will be published in a multiple-part series. Part 1 will survey
      colorectal cancer and the use of single-agent chemotherapy.In advanced
      gastrointestinal tract cancer, chemotherapy is only of palliative value with
      response rates generally under 50 percent and with duration of several months to
      one year or more. Combination chemotherapy often produces higher response rates,
      yet there is no acceptable evidence that survival is improved. While some
      adjuvant chemotherapy trials suggest improvement, major survival gains remain to
      be demonstrated. Uncertainty as to the role of chemotherapy in the treatment of
      gastrointestinal cancers may be due to lack of data.

PMID- 3712468
TI  - Adenomyosis of the uterus: an enigma.
AB  - Adenomyosis has been an entity of some interest for many years, but little is
      known today of its pathogenesis. There is almost universal agreement that it is
      associated with an accentuation of the myometrial muscle pattern, multiparity,
      and endometrial hyperplasia. Some authors suggest that the myometrium is
      vulnerable to invasion by endometrial hyperplasia. Others postulate that the
      myometrium is vulnerable to invasion by endometrial glands because of the absence
      of a basement membrane. Women in the fourth and fifth decades of life are most
      commonly afflicted. Preoperative diagnosis is not common.

PMID- 3712469
TI  - Computerized tomographic evaluation of tumors of the nasopharynx and maxillary
      sinus: potential impact on results of treatment.
AB  - A review of 23 consecutive patients with tumors of the nasopharynx and maxillary
      sinus seen over a two-year period was carried out. The purpose was to assess the
      value of computerized tomography (CT) in the definition of tumor extension to
      contiguous structures and its effect on treatment selection and management.CT was
      found to be very useful in detailing bone and soft-tissue invasion. In 11 of 15
      patients with nasopharyngeal cancer and in the eight patients with maxillary
      sinus tumors, the selection of treatment and the techniques of irradiation were
      influenced by the CT findings.There is a high degree of accuracy in the
      evaluation to the nasopharynx and maxillary sinus by CT. This improvement in
      pretreatment assessment of the tumors enables adequate treatment to be offered.
      Since most of the failures of treatment are a result of local recurrence,
      improvement in local control is likely to result in improved survival.

PMID- 3712470
TI  - Geriatric psychiatry: a model for evaluation.
AB  - An overview of psychiatric disorders seen in older patients is reviewed.
      Dementing illnesses are discussed. A specific method of assessing the patient
      with cognitive decline in a clear sensorium is presented.

PMID- 3712471
TI  - Gastrocolic fistula.
AB  - Peptic ulcer disease is a less common cause of gastrocolic fistula than either
      carcinoma of the stomach or colon. However, use of steroids or aspirin appear to
      make this a more common complication of benign disease. The typical symptoms are
      pain, diarrhea, weight loss, foul eructation, and feculent vomiting. The most
      accurate method of diagnosis is with barium enema. The treatment is surgical.

PMID- 3712472
TI  - Anaerobic septicemia secondary to Fusobacterium mortiferum.
AB  - A case of anaerobic sepsis associated with Fusobacterium mortiferum is reported.
      Blood cultures from a 60-year-old man with type II diabetes mellitus,
      hypertension, severe atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and renal
      insufficiency revealed on a gramstained smear highly pleomorphic gram-negative
      bacilli with bizarre forms and round bodies. Growth of the organism on
      nonselective anaerobic media and analysis of its pattern produced results
      characteristic of Fusobacterium mortiferum.

PMID- 3712473
TI  - Transient, benign, serum alkaline hyperphosphatasemia in an adult.
AB  - A rare occurrence of transient, benign, serum alkaline hyperphosphatasemia
      (TBSAH) in an adult is described. This patient's serum alkaline phosphatase rose
      transiently and asymptomatically to 29 times the upper limit of normal. Although
      TBSAH has been described in the pediatric literature, no cases of this entity
      have been reported in adults. Awareness of TBSAH occurring in adults is equally
      important to physicians who care for adult patients.

PMID- 3712474
TI  - Health care for the indigent.

PMID- 3712475
TI  - Societal hypocrisy helps to promote teenage pregnancy.

PMID- 3712477
TI  - The black woman physician--perspectives and priorities.

PMID- 3712476
TI  - The black practitioner: challenges of the future.

PMID- 3712478
TI  - Association of hypertension with chronic alcoholism in a black population.
AB  - A positive association was established between hypertension and alcoholism in a
      study of 6,491 black patients. The relative risk of high blood pressure
      associated with alcoholism was 1.20 and the odds ratio was 1.23 in this hospital
      based, case-control study.

PMID- 3712480
TI  - Physicians at the bedside: thoughts and actions with regard to health care
      allocation.
AB  - In the past the study of the allocation of scarce medical resources centered
      around "high-tech" forms of health care, such as the use of the artificial heart
      and hemodialysis. The use of nonbiomedical criteria (ie, should the social worth
      or financial status of a particular patient dictate preferential treatment over
      another patient in times of shortage) in the allocation decision-making process
      may be at times highly controversial.The study of allocation need not only lie in
      the dramatic realm of high technology, but should also be directed to the less
      dramatic, everyday situations. Decisions concerning treatment based upon social
      worth and financial status are made almost daily by practitioners. A thorough
      understanding of this phenomenon is tantamount to the ethical and proper practice
      of medicine.

PMID- 3712479
TI  - Syndromes, communicative disorders, and black children.
AB  - Birth defects increase the risk of speech, language, and hearing disorders in
      childhood. The prevalence of particular congenital anomalies varies from one
      racial and ethnic group to another. Some conditions such as the
      hemoglobinopathies, polydactyly, and external ear malformations are more common
      among black people. Other birth defects are rarer among black children, notably
      cleft lip and palate, neural tube defects, and phenylketonuria. The more common
      defects of Down's syndrome, neurofibromatosis, and cerebral palsy appear to occur
      in equal frequency in black and white Americans.Speech-language pathologists,
      audiologists, and other health professionals who work with black children with
      birth defects must be familiar with the special problems and the positive
      features reflected in this population. Difficulties in obtaining adequate medical
      care, poor health and nutrition, and inadequate financial support are problems
      plaguing the poor. However, the shared responsibility assumed by the church, the
      community, and the extended family often results in positive acceptance of the
      handicapped child. Many families rely on folk medicine whose remedies can often
      be combined with traditional therapies for the ultimate benefit of the
      patient.Health professionals must assume a managerial role to ensure that
      services reach the child with syndrome-related speech, language, and hearing
      problems.

PMID- 3712481
TI  - A review of Papanicolaou smears in a black hospital.
AB  - Results of 3,009 Papanicolaou smears from black women are reviewed. The modus
      operandi and cost for the outpatient component are presented. Abnormal results
      were reported in 11.6 percent of the combined outpatients and inpatients. The
      major portion of the changes in this subset were due to atypia present in a
      substantial number of women with Trichomonas vaginalis vaginitis. Programs of
      this nature with a specific objective may be easily merged into the basic medical
      services provided by an outpatient and inpatient department.

PMID- 3712482
TI  - Metastasis to the hand.
AB  - Metastasis to the hand is a rare occurrence. Here the authors report a case of
      metastasis to the hand, which typifies the natural history and behavior of this
      uncommon manifestation of malignancy. Incidence, sites of origin, presentation,
      and diagnosis are discussed. The aim of treatment is palliation. The rationale
      for selecting either radiation therapy or surgery is presented.

PMID- 3712483
TI  - Streptokinase: an antidotal case.
AB  - The author discusses the use of streptokinase in a patient with distal occlusion
      of the trifurcation vessels near the ankle mortise.

PMID- 3712484
TI  - Reference range data base for serum chemistry and hematology values in laboratory
      animals.
AB  - A reference range data base containing serum chemistry and hematology values on
      over 3000 animals is described. Data listed include the mean, standard deviation,
      and 10th and 90th percentiles for each of the following parameters. Serum
      chemistry: sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, urea
      nitrogen, creatinine, total bilirubin, total protein, glucose, cholesterol,
      triglycerides, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine
      aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase (monkey only), lactate dehydrogenase
      (dog only), and creatine kinase (dog only). Hematology: hematocrit, hemoglobin,
      red blood cells, reticulocytes, mean cell volume, mean cell hemoglobin, mean cell
      hemoglobin percent, platelets, white blood cells, neutrophils, eosinophils,
      basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and stabs. The species included are mouse,
      rat, hamster, rabbit, beagle dog, and cynomolgus monkey. The use of the reference
      ranges in routine computerized data collection is discussed.

PMID- 3712485
TI  - Short-term studies on the in vivo metabolism of N-oxides of nicotine in rats.
AB  - This study was designed to examine the in vivo reduction of the N-oxidation
      products of nicotine metabolism in rats. Male Fischer-344 rats were divided into
      one control and three experimental groups (n = 20). Each treatment group received
      either 0.02% trans-nicotine N'-oxide, 0.02% cis-nicotine N'-oxide, or 0.02%
      nicotine N,N'-dioxide in drinking water for 3 wk. After 7 d of metabolite
      administration, plasma nicotine levels in the trans-nicotine N'-oxide group rose
      to twice that of the cis-nicotine N'-oxide or nicotine N,N'-dioxide group. Plasma
      cotinine [1-methyl-5-(3-pyridinyl)-2-pyrrolidinone] concentrations reached
      maximum levels during wk 1 in the cis-nicotine N'-oxide and nicotine N,N'-dioxide
      groups but continued to increase for another 7 d in the trans-nicotine N'-oxide
      group. At d 15 and again at d 21, rats from each group (n = 10) were placed in
      metabolism chambers and given 50 ml tap water over a 24-h period. Analysis of
      urine obtained from a metabolism-chamber study conducted after 15 d of
      consumption revealed concentrations of nicotine in the trans-nicotine N'-oxide
      group that were 3 times higher than cis-nicotine N'-oxide-treated animals.
      Urinary cotinine levels were similar in all three groups. Results from a second
      chamber study (d 21) showed similar urinary nicotine and cotinine values in all
      treatment groups. Plasma total triiodothyronine (TT3) concentrations were reduced
      in all treatment groups during the first week. Plasma total thyronine (TT4)
      concentrations were reduced (p less than 0.05) in the trans-nicotine N'-oxide and
      cis-nicotine N'-oxide treatment groups during the first week. Plasma total
      thyronine (TT4) concentrations cis-nicotine N'-oxide is presented. An analytical
      method for separation of nicotine, cotinine, and cis- and trans-nicotine N'
      oxide, as well as cis- and trans-nicotine N,N'-dioxide, is also outlined.

PMID- 3712486
TI  - Decreased tetanic contracture of rat skeletal muscle induced by pyridostigmine.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of various regimens of
      pyridostigmine administration on the contractile strength of skeletal muscle.
      Rats were exposed to pyridostigmine according to 3 dosing schedules: 2 mg/kg ip
      daily, 5 mg/kg X d by sc infusion, and 25 mg/kg X d by sc infusion. After 1, 4,
      10, and 20 d of exposure, measurements were made of muscle tension during tetanic
      stimulation, and of muscle mass, erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity, and
      body weight. Pyridostigmine produced a dose-dependent decrement in the
      contracture generated during tetanic stimulation. Peak effect was observed after
      4 d of exposure but remained depressed after 20 d. The magnitude of the decrement
      correlated with the frequency of the tetanic stimulation (from 20 to 100 Hz).
      Muscle tension at the end of the tetanic stimulus was affected to a greater
      extent than the initial tension. The 25-mg/kg infusion of pyridostigmine
      significantly depressed erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity throughout the
      study and also decreased body weight on d 1-4. No change in muscle mass was
      observed in any treatment group. These results show that pyridostigmine exposure
      results in decrements in skeletal muscle contracture that are dose-dependent,
      frequency-dependent, and time-dependent. The effect is probably not the result of
      muscle wasting and does not correlate well with erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase
      inhibition. The results are consistent with effects of pyridostigmine, both
      presynaptically and postsynaptically, at the neuromuscular junction that affect
      neurotransmitter release and receptor responsiveness.

PMID- 3712487
TI  - Influence of in vitro ubiquinone antagonists on doxorubicin toxicity in vivo.
AB  - Doxorubicin is an anthracycline antibiotic with a very wide spectrum of
      anticancer activity. It has a great potential for clinical cardiotoxicity,
      however. One mechanism suggested for the cardiotoxicity is inhibition of
      ubiquinone-dependent enzymes. It was our purpose to study this possible mechanism
      using ubiquinone antagonists as probes. The effect on doxorubicin toxicity of
      three in vitro ubiquinone antagonists was tested in mice. Two of the antagonists,
      2-hydroxy-3-n-dodecylmercapto-1,4-naphthoquinone and 2,3-dimethoxy-5-beta
      naphthylmercapto-1,4-benzoquinone, enhanced doxorubicin toxicity in vivo as
      measured by survival. The latter was significantly toxic to mice, by itself. This
      effect was completely blocked by ubiquinone pretreatment, but only reduced by
      tocopherol pretreatment. Neither ubiquinone nor tocopherol was able to decrease
      the toxic interaction between doxorubicin and either of the ubiquinone
      antagonists. Cardiac and hepatic glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase
      activities were measured in studies using the 2,3-dimethoxy-5-beta
      naphthylmercapto-1,4-benzoquinone. This compound appeared to cause a slight
      reduction in the activity of hepatic glutathione reductase. It appears that these
      antagonists are not useful to probe the relationship between doxorubicin
      cardiotoxicity and ubiquinone enzyme inhibition.

PMID- 3712488
TI  - Lung metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene in rats treated with p-xylene and/or ethanol.
AB  - The metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) may be altered by xenobiotic compounds.
      The effects of p-xylene and ethanol on the lung metabolism of BaP were studied. p
      Xylene was administered by ip injection at doses ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 g/kg
      (1:1 in soybean oil). Ethanol was administered po at 5 g/kg (40% w/v). Rats given
      p-xylene, ethanol, or p-xylene and ethanol were sacrificed 1 h after treatment.
      Additional time points of 15 min, 30 min, 4 h, and 24 h after p-xylene (1 g/kg)
      were examined. 3-Hydroxy-BaP (3-OH) formation was measured fluorometrically as
      aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity (AHH) in lung microsomes. p-Xylene (1 g/kg)
      inhibited the formation of 3-OH BaP 40% at 15 min, 27% at 30 min, 43% at 1 h, and
      39% at 4 h after treatment. Inhibition of AHH activity was still present 24 h
      after dosing (41%). AHH activity was inhibited 27% and 46% at 0.5 mg/kg and 1.0
      mg/kg p-xylene (1 h), respectively, while the lowest dose (0.1 mg/kg) did not
      change activity. Analysis of the major metabolites of BaP by high-performance
      liquid chromatography (HPLC) demonstrated that the formation of 3-OH and 4,5-diol
      BaP were inhibited 32% and 50%, respectively, in lung microsomes prepared 24 h
      after a single injection of p-xylene (1 g/kg). None of the other metabolites
      analyzed were changed by p-xylene. Ethanol had no effect on 3-OH BaP formation
      during a 1-h treatment. A combined dose of ethanol and p-xylene moderately
      inhibited 3-OH BaP formation. These findings indicate that BaP detoxication
      (i.e., 3-OH formation) in rat lung is selectively inhibited by p-xylene but not
      ethanol. Ethanol appears to modify the inhibitory effect of p-xylene.

PMID- 3712489
TI  - Metabolism and disposition of ortho-benzyl-para-chlorophenol in male rats.
AB  - The metabolism and disposition of ortho-benzyl-para-chlorophenol (BCP) has been
      investigated in the male rat following an oral dose of 69 mg/kg or 206 mg/kg. BCP
      was rapidly eliminated at both dose levels with 45-49% of the dose appearing in
      the urine and 44-49% in the feces during the 5-d period after dosing. After 5 d
      only 0.28-0.3% of the dose remained in the body, with almost half this value
      accounted for in the liver and kidney. The dynamics for the overall elimination
      of radioactivity from the body was biphasic at both dose levels. The initial
      rapid alpha phase had a well defined half-life of 8-9 h, and the slower beta
      phase had an estimated half-life of approximately 52-140 h. Analysis of the 12-24
      h urine indicated that a majority of the radioactivity (41-61%) was present as
      sulfate and/or glucuronide conjugates. Treatment with purified aryl sulfatase
      suggested that sulfate esters were the predominate conjugate. Gas chromatography
      mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) of the products isolated after enzymatic hydrolysis of
      the conjugates and purification by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) identified
      BCP, as well as two metabolites in which the benzyl ring was modified. One
      metabolite contained a hydroxyl substituent on the benzyl ring, and the other
      contained a hydroxyl and a methoxyl substituent. Preliminary analysis of the 12
      24-h feces demonstrated the presence of BCP and two other components with
      chromatographic properties identical to the metabolites identified in the urine.
      A metabolic pathway for BCP has been proposed to account for the observed
      metabolites.

PMID- 3712490
TI  - Metabolism of nephrotoxic cis- and trans-decalin in Fischer-344 rats.
AB  - The cis- and trans-decalin stereoisomers have found many uses as solvents and
      fuel components. The metabolism of the decalin isomers in male and female Fischer
      344 rats and the effects of the decalins on renal damage were evaluated. Only
      male rats had kidney damage. Metabolism of cis-decalin yielded cis,trans-1
      decalol and cis,cis-2-decalol in the urine of both sexes, with the male also
      producing cis,cis-1-decalol. The urinary metabolites of trans-decalin included
      trans,cis-2-decalol in both male and female rats and trans,trans-1-decalol in
      males. Extracts of kidney homogenates from male rats, but not from females, dosed
      with cis- and trans-decalin yielded cis-2-decalone and trans-2-decalone,
      respectively. A single male rat treated with trans-decalin produced no 2-decalone
      in the kidney extract and also showed no renal damage.

PMID- 3712491
TI  - Effects of cadmium and zinc on spontaneous and antibody-dependent cell-mediated
      cytotoxicity.
AB  - Various metals, in particular, cadmium, have been found to interfere with a
      variety of aspects of immune function. Recently, spontaneous cell-mediated
      cytotoxicity (SCMC) and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) have
      been widely investigated due to their purported role in immune surveillance.
      Thus, the effects of cadmium on these two processes were examined. The effects of
      zinc and the combination of these two metals were also investigated. Both cadmium
      and zinc were found to inhibit SCMC and ADCC in a dose-dependent manner. In
      combination, the effects of the metal were generally additive.

PMID- 3712492
TI  - Effect of dietary zinc deficiency on the accumulation of cadmium and
      metallothionein in selected tissues of the rat.
AB  - The effect of continuous dietary zinc deficiency on the metabolism of the toxic
      heavy metal cadmium has not been widely studied. This investigation was designed
      to assess the effects of subadequate dietary zinc intake on the accumulation of
      dietary cadmium and on metallothionein (MT) and zinc concentrations in target
      organs of cadmium toxicity. Adult male Wistar rats (180-200 g) were allowed, ad
      libitum, diets either adequate (60 ppm) or deficient (7 ppm) in zinc for a total
      of 9 wk. The zinc-deficient diet resulted in an approximately 40% reduction in
      plasma zinc (assessed at 3, 6, and 9 wk) in the absence of overt signs of zinc
      deficiency (i.e., reduced weight gain, alopecia, etc.). Separate groups of rats
      were also maintained on zinc-defined diets for a total of 9 wk, but cadmium was
      added to the diet (0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 ppm) at the end of wk 3 and
      maintained at that level throughout the remaining 6 wk of the study, when the
      rats were killed. The feeding of the zinc-deficient diet markedly enhanced the
      accumulation of cadmium in the liver, kidney, and testes. Hepatic, renal, and
      testicular zinc concentrations were not affected by suboptimal zinc intake alone.
      However, marked reductions in renal and testicular zinc concentrations were
      caused by zinc deficiency in concert with cadmium exposure. MT levels, when
      related to tissue cadmium concentrations, were elevated to a significantly lesser
      extent in the kidneys of zinc-deficient animals. These results indicate that
      marginal zinc deficiency markedly increases cadmium accumulation in various
      organs and reduces zinc content and MT induction in some organs.

PMID- 3712493
TI  - Cadmium in tissues of Japanese quail fed oat grain grown on municipal sludge
      amended soil.
AB  - Oats were cultured on soil amended with municipal sewage sludge from Syracuse,
      N.Y., or on soil alone (control). The oats were fed to male and female Japanese
      quail through four generations. The extent of absorption of cadmium by the oats
      and its deposition in tissues and eggs of the first and fourth generations of
      birds were determined. The tissue levels of cadmium found in the first (F0)
      generation were kidney greater than liver greater than muscle approximately equal
      to eggs, with the quail from the sludge-treatment group consistently showing the
      higher respective tissue levels. Female birds showed consistently higher tissue
      levels than those of the corresponding males. Kidney and liver tissues and eggs
      from the fourth generation (F3) quail fed the sludge-treatment diets were also
      higher than the corresponding controls, but tissues of the male quail were most
      often higher than the corresponding females.

PMID- 3712494
TI  - Carcinogenesis studies of 4,4'-methylenedianiline dihydrochloride given in
      drinking water to F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice.
AB  - Carcinogenesis studies of 4,4'-methylenedianiline dihydrochloride (98.6% pure)
      were conducted by administering this chemical in the drinking water of F344/N
      rats and B6C3F1 mice. Groups of 50 rats and 50 mice of each sex received drinking
      water containing 150 or 300 ppm 4,4'-methylenedianiline dihydrochloride (dosage
      expressed as the free base) for 103 wk. Groups of 50 rats and 50 mice of each
      sex, given drinking water adjusted with 0.1 N HCl to the pH (3.7) of the 300-ppm
      formulation, served as controls. Survival was comparable among groups except for
      male mice receiving the 300-ppm dose of 4,4'-methylenedianiline dihydrochloride;
      survival in that group was lower than that in controls. Mean body weight was
      reduced in 300-ppm-dose female rats and 300-ppm-dose male and female mice
      compared to controls. Water consumption was reduced in a dose-related manner in
      both sexes of rats. No compound-related clinical effects were observed. Under the
      conditions of these studies, there was clear evidence of carcinogenicity for
      F344/N rats and for B6C3F1 mice in that 4,4'-methylenedianiline dihydrochloride
      caused increased incidences of (1) follicular-cell carcinomas of the thyroid
      gland (controls, 0/49; low dose, 0/47; high dose, 7/48, 15%; p less than or equal
      to 0.012) and neoplastic nodules of the liver (controls, 1/50, 2%; low dose,
      12/50, 24%; high dose, 25/50, 50%; p less than or equal to 0.001) in male rats,
      (2) follicular-cell adenomas (controls, 0/47; low dose, 2/47, 4%; high dose,
      17/48, 35%; p less than or equal to 0.001) and C-cell adenomas (controls, 0/47;
      low dose, 3/47, 6%; high dose, 6/48, 13% p less than or equal to 0.029) of the
      thyroid gland in female rats, (3) follicular-cell adenomas of the thyroid gland
      (controls, 0/47; low dose, 3/49, 6%; high dose, 16/49, 33%; p less than or equal
      to 0.001), carcinomas of the liver (controls, 10/49, 20%; low dose, 33/50, 66%;
      high dose, 29/50, 58%; p less than or equal to 0.001), and pheochromocytomas of
      the adrenal gland in male mice (controls, 2/48, 4%; low dose, 12/49, 24%; high
      dose, 14/49, 29%; p less than or equal to 0.001), and (4) follicular-cell
      adenomas of the thyroid gland (controls, 0/50; low dose, 1/47, 2%; high dose,
      13/50, 26%; p less than or equal to 0.001), carcinomas (controls, 1/50, 2%; low
      dose, 6/50, 12%; high dose, 11/50, 22%; p less than or equal to 0.002) and
      adenomas (controls, 3/50, 6%; low dose, 9/50, 18%; high dose, 12/50,
      24%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3712495
TI  - Excretion of radioactivity from rats and rabbits following cutaneous application
      of two 14C-labeled azo dyes.
AB  - A benzidine-derived azo dye, C.I. direct black 38 (DB38), and a p
      phenylenediamine-derived dye, C.I. direct black 19 (DB19), labeled with carbon-14
      in their aromatic amine moieties, were applied to the shaved dorsal skin of male
      Fischer-344 rats and New Zealand rabbits. Application sites were protected with
      nylon gauze and elastic bandage assemblies. Following application of measured
      amounts of radiolabeled dye in 0.1 M pH 10.2 carbonate buffer, serial urine and
      fecal samples were obtained from individual animals in metabolism cages at 24,
      48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 h. Aliquots of urine and fecal homogenates were assayed
      for radioactivity by scintillation counting. Cumulative excretion of
      radioactivity from rats receiving DB38 was 0.05% of total dermal dose at 144 h in
      urine, and 0.16% of total dermal dose in feces. Cumulative excretion of
      radioactivity from DB38-treated rabbits at 144 h was 3.12% of total dermal dose
      in urine, and 5.12% in feces. From rats and rabbits receiving topical DB19,
      cumulative excretion of radioactivity at 144 h was less than that from DB38
      treated animals. In rat urine, 0.04% of total dermal dose appeared; in rat feces,
      no radioactivity was recovered. In rabbit urine, 0.04% of dermal dose was found;
      0.01% appeared in rabbit feces.

PMID- 3712496
TI  - Cadmium levels in the urine of female farmers in nonpolluted areas in Japan.
AB  - About 1200 urine samples were collected, mostly in winter seasons in 1982-1984,
      from adult women in 7 nonpolluted areas in widely separated parts of Japan, and
      analyses for cadmium (Cd-U) were conducted in a single laboratory. The geometric
      mean (GM) by decades of age groups of Cd-U, after adjustment for a specific
      gravity of urine of 1.016, increased from 0.88 microgram/l in the twenties to
      reach a maximum of 1.78 micrograms/l in the fifties followed by gradual decrease
      to 1.31 micrograms/l in the eighties. The effect of smoking (about 8 cigarettes/d
      as a mean) was absent. Analyses of additional 125 urine samples from men revealed
      that Cd-U in men was not higher than that in women. When classified
      geographically, Cd-U was higher in the area on the coast of the Sea of Japan, as
      suspected in preceding studies on blood cadmium levels and dietary cadmium
      intakes. The Cd-U levels observed in the present study are similar to the values
      in previous publications on the Japanese and are apparently higher than the
      counterpart values from Europe, the United States, and New Zealand.

PMID- 3712497
TI  - Concentration of cadmium in Coturnix quail fed earthworms.
AB  - Earthworms (Lumbriscus terrestris), collected from soils in southern Ontario,
      Canada, that had no previous history of cadmium application, contained 3 ppm
      cadmium. They were fed to Coturnix quail as 60% dry weight of their diet for 63 d
      to examine the extent of deposition of native cadmium. Cadmium in kidney, liver,
      and excreta was greatly elevated above that of birds fed a control diet without
      worms. No increase in the level of cadmium in eggs was found. The factors
      affecting the association of cadmium in soils and worms and their assimilation
      and possible toxic effects in foraging birds are discussed.

PMID- 3712498
TI  - Chronic toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of Telone II by gavage in Fischer
      344 rats and B6C3F1 mice.
AB  - Telone II (technical grade, 1,3-dichloropropene), a soil fumigant, was evaluated
      in chronic toxicology/carcinogenicity studies using Fischer-344 (F344) rats and
      B6C3F1 mice of both sexes. Doses administered were 0, 25, or 50 mg/kg to rats and
      0, 50, or 100 mg/kg to mice. Telone II was given in corn oil by gavage 3 times
      per week for 104 wk. Ancillary studies were conducted to determine time-related
      effects, in which dose groups containing 5 male and 5 females rats were killed
      after receiving Telone II for 9, 16, 21, 24, or 27 mo. The primary organs
      affected were the forestomach (rats and mice), urinary bladder (mice), lung
      (mice), and liver (rats). Compound-related non-neoplastic lesions included basal
      cell or epithelial hyperplasia of the forestomach (rats and mice), epithelial
      hyperplasia of the urinary bladder (mice), and hydronephrosis (mice). Neoplastic
      lesions associated with administration of Telone II included squamous-cell
      papillomas of the forestomach (male and female rats, female mice), squamous-cell
      carcinomas of the forestomach (Male rats, female mice), transitional-cell
      carcinomas of the urinary bladder (female mice), alveolar/bronchiolar adenomas
      (female mice), and neoplastic nodules of the liver (male rats). Although cis- and
      trans-1,3-dichloropropene are the principal components of Telone II, the presence
      of 1% epichlorohydrin, a direct-acting mutagen and carcinogen added as
      stabilizer, may have influenced the development of forestomach lesions. The
      results of the ancillary studies supported the findings of the carcinogenesis
      studies and demonstrated the time-dependent development of lesions in the
      forestomach (basal-cell hyperplasia and squamous-cell papilloma). Under the
      conditions of these gavage studies, Telone II was shown to be carcinogenic in
      male and female F344 rats and female B6C3F1 mice. Although the study in male
      B6C3F1 mice was considered inadequate because of the low survival resulting from
      suppurative inflammation of the heart (myocarditis) in the control group, there
      was some indication of Telone II-related increases of transitional-cell
      carcinomas of the urinary bladder, squamous-cell papillomas of the forestomach,
      and alveolar/bronchiolar adenomas and carcinomas of the lung.

PMID- 3712499
TI  - Effect of yohimbine on amitraz-induced CNS depression and bradycardia in dogs.
AB  - Yohimbine was studied to examine its effectiveness in preventing central nervous
      system(CNS) depression and bradycardia induced by amitraz (N'-(2,4
      dimethylphenyl)-N-[(2,4-dimethylphenyl-imino)-methyl]-N-methyl- methanimide). In
      control open-field activity experiments, the dogs showed high numbers of grid
      line crossings in the first 5 min (exploratory phase), and subsequently low
      numbers of grid-line crossings (nonexploratory phase). An iv injection of amitraz
      (1 mg/kg) abolished both the exploratory and nonexploratory phases and caused
      bradycardia. Yohimbine alone caused a trend to increase the open-field activity
      in the nonexploratory phase. In addition, yohimbine prevented the bradycardia and
      suppression of open-field activity induced by amitraz. The results suggest that
      yohimbine has a potential to be used as an antidote for amitraz overdose.

PMID- 3712500
TI  - Effect of benzyl chloride on rat liver functions.
AB  - Benzyl chloride (BCL) is extensively used in industry for the manufacture of
      dyes, perfumes, and pharmaceutical products. A previous study from this
      laboratory revealed the presence of liver steatosis of the microvesicular type
      and central focal inflammation in rats following the inhalation of BCL. This
      study was conducted to investigate the hepatotoxicity of intravenous (iv) BCL in
      rat. BCL (250, 25, and 0 micrograms/kg) was administered (iv) to rats, and serum
      enzyme tests were used to evaluate hepatic injury. After 10 min from BCL
      administration, serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and lactic dehydrogenase
      activities were significantly increased compared to the control group, while the
      values returned to normal within 1 h from the administration of BCL. Also,
      ornithine carbamyltransferase enzyme activity was significantly increased and
      reached a maximum as early as 0.5 h from the administration of BCL. Hepatic
      excretory function was investigated by the clearance of bromosulfophthalein (BSP)
      after 0.5 and 24 h from the administration of BCL. The clearance of BSP in both
      treatments was significantly slower compared to control group throughout the 24 h
      studied. Furthermore, BCL significantly decreased liver and blood glutathione
      values. This study revealed that BCL has the potential to cause
      hepatomalfunction.

PMID- 3712501
TI  - Disposition of o-benzyl-p-chlorophenol in male rats.
AB  - The disposition and metabolism of o-benzyl-p-chlorophenol (BCP) were studied in
      male Fischer-344 rats. Three days after oral administration of [14C]BCP at 10,
      100, or 1000 mg/kg, more than 90% of each dose was excreted in urine and feces.
      Comparison of disposition after intravenous, dermal, or oral administration
      indicated that BCP was not completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract or
      skin. Biliary excretion of BCP was dose-dependent, with proportionally less BCP
      derived radioactivity being excreted in the bile as the dose was raised. The
      results also indicated that enterohepatic circulation was involved in BCP
      disposition. The major in vivo metabolites were glucuronyl conjugates of BCP and
      hydroxy-BCP. Glutathione conjugates were also present in urine. In vitro
      metabolism studies support the observation that microsomal oxidation and
      glutathione and glucuronyl conjugation play major roles in BCP metabolism.
      Spleen, kidney, and liver contained the highest tissue concentrations of BCP
      derived radioactivity. The presence of more nonextractable BCP-derived
      radioactivity in kidney than in liver is compatible with the hypothesis that
      covalent binding of BCP to renal tissue may be associated with BCP-induced
      nephrotoxicity.

PMID- 3712503
TI  - Activity changes of pulmonary macrophages after in vivo exposure to ozone as
      demonstrated by cell adherence.
AB  - Macrophages obtained by lavage from the lungs of rats exposed to 0.1 or 0.2 mg/m3
      (0.05 or 0.10 ppm) ozone (O3) for 16 h show increased activity as measured in
      vitro by cell adherence to nylon fiber. A difference in adherence is noticed
      between macrophages occurring in first or second lung washings. The latter are
      less sensitive to ozone stimulation. At ozone doses higher than 0.2 mg/m3, the
      effect disappears and is even negative for second-washing macrophages after
      exposure of rats to 0.8 mg/m3 (0.4 ppm). The increased activity observed after
      exposure to the lower levels of O3 is explained as a defensive reaction of the
      organism. Failure to stimulate activity or a decrease of activity, observed at
      the higher O3 concentrations, may point to adverse events.

PMID- 3712502
TI  - Fetal translocation and metabolism of PAH obtained from coal fly ash given
      intratracheally to pregnant rats.
AB  - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were extracted from coal fly ash collected
      from the electrostatic precipitator of a thermal power plant. The PAH extract was
      given intratracheally daily to pregnant rats (2 mg/100 g body weight) on d 18 and
      19 of gestation. In addition on d 19 of gestation rats were also given
      [3H]benzo[a]pyrene intratracheally. Rats were sacrificed on d 20 of gestation,
      and the distribution of [3H]benzo[a]pyrene radioactivity and PAH of coal fly ash
      was studied in maternal lung, liver, and placenta, as well as in the liver and
      lung of the fetus. The radioactivity of intratracheally given benzo[a]pyrene was
      found in liver (68%), placenta (4%), fetal lung (1.9%), and fetal liver (1.4%) of
      maternal lung. Intratracheally administered PAH of coal fly ash were translocated
      to maternal liver and placenta, as well as to the liver and lung of the fetus.
      PAH of coal fly ash were also metabolized to several minor and major metabolites
      by maternal lung, liver, and placenta, as well as by the maternal fetal liver and
      lung. Some of the PAH metabolites in lung and liver were common; however, the
      major metabolite of liver, M-16, was different from the major metabolite M-16 of
      lung. The major PAH metabolite of placenta, M-5, and fetal liver, F-12, were
      common PAH metabolites. M-2 and M-6 of the placenta and F-5 and F-10 of the fetal
      lung were also common.

PMID- 3712504
TI  - Mechanisms of ozone toxicity in cultured cells. I. Reduced clonogenic ability of
      polyunsaturated fatty acid-supplemented fibroblasts. Effect of vitamin E.
AB  - The direct action of ozone on viability and survival of normal and modified mouse
      lung fibroblasts has been studied. By cell manipulation of fibroblasts in
      culture, the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the phospholipids
      was increased from about 6% to about 40%. The cellular content of alpha
      tocopherol (alpha-T) (vitamin E) could be drastically enhanced. Vitamin E
      supplementation to the cell did not influence the PUFA manipulation. Normal,
      PUFA, and PUFA(alpha-T) fibroblasts were exposed to ozone by bubbling 10 ppm
      through the cell suspensions for different periods of time (0-6 h). No
      significant effects of the ozone exposure could be established when normal
      fibroblasts were used. The PUFA fibroblasts, however, were very vulnerable to
      ozone toxicity, both in terms of dye uptake (Trypan blue) and cell death
      (clonogenic ability). When alpha-tocopherol was present in the cell (200 ng/10(6)
      cells), a clear protection against ozone toxicity was found. It is concluded that
      ozone toxicity might be higher under conditions of a relative high amount of
      polyunsaturated fatty acids in the membrane phospholipids of the cell and a low
      cellular antioxidant capacity. Cellular membranes are probably an important
      target for ozone-induced cell death.

PMID- 3712505
TI  - Cadmium in rat kidney subcellular particles after injection of cadmium
      metallothionein.
AB  - Distribution and forms of cadmium in the subcellular fraction after an
      intraperitoneal injection of Cd-metallothionein (Cd-MT) were studied to trace the
      metabolic fate of metallothionein in the kidney. Cd-containing components from
      the mitochondria, lysosomes and cytoplasm were gel filtered on Sephadex G-75 at
      4, 24 and 72 hr after injection of Cd-MT. The chromatographic distribution
      patterns of cadmium were different among these three fractions and changed with
      time. At 4 hr a moderate amount of cadmium in the cytoplasm, and most of the
      cadmium in the lysosomes and mitochondria was bound to high molecular weight
      (HMW) proteins eluted in the void volume. At 24 hr almost all the cadmium in the
      cytoplasm became bound to metallothionein fraction, while most of the cadmium in
      the mitochondria and lysosomes was still bound to the HMW proteins. Since in the
      in vitro experiment the cadmium ions were nonspecifically bound to the HMW
      proteins, the longer term existence of cadmium in the HMW proteins in the
      lysosomes than in the cytoplasm after injection of Cd-MT, suggest that Cd-MT is
      degraded in the lysosomes, and that the inorganic cadmium ions liberated from the
      degraded proteins are bound to the HMW proteins. The present paper deals with the
      involvement of the lysosomes in the in vivo degradation of Cd-MT.

PMID- 3712506
TI  - Fenvalerate-induced granulomatous changes in rats and mice.
AB  - Wistar rats and ddY mice were fed diet containing 10 to 3000 ppm technical
      fenvalerate for the major portion of their life span. Microgranulomatous changes
      were observed in lymph nodes, liver and spleen of both rats and mice as well as
      in adrenals of rats. The no-effect level for microgranulomatous changes was 30
      ppm for mice and 150 ppm for rats. Transmission electron microscopy of phagocytes
      in the granulomatous foci revealed needle- or rod-shaped crystalline bodies
      within the cytoplasm. To examine reversibility of the microgranulomatous changes,
      ddY mice were fed the diet containing technical fenvalerate at the levels of 1000
      and 3000 ppm for 6 weeks, followed by rearing on the control diet for up to 12
      months. The size and number of the microgranulomatous changes were reduced with
      time. The microgranulomatous changes were typical of foreign body granulomas;
      they did not have the appearance of granulomas formed in response to immunologic
      stimulus.

PMID- 3712507
TI  - Reversible pulmonary changes in rats dosed intravenously with imidazoles.
AB  - Pulmonary changes were studied in Sprague-Dawley-rats dosed intravenously with
      various dosages around the LD 50 in acute studies, and with 0 (control), 0.001,
      0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg b. wt./day St 91-Cl or with 0, 1, 5 and 25 mg/kg b. wt./day St
      600-Cl for 4 weeks in subacute studies. Doses of 0.01 mg/kg St 91-Cl and 1 mg/kg
      St 600-Cl were well tolerated. At higher doses, both compounds caused acute
      pulmonary congestion, edema and bleeding. The acute changes obviously occurred
      after each single i.v. injection, and were followed by an intensive hemosiderosis
      of alveolar macrophages. All findings were reversible. No pulmonary changes were
      observed in oral subacute studies with both compounds.

PMID- 3712509
TI  - Ultrastructure of the retrolingual salivary gland of the European hedgehog.
AB  - Retrolingual glands of the European hedgehog are pure mucous salivary glands
      consisting of mucous acini, intercalated ducts, and excretory ducts, but lacking
      striated ducts. The acinar cells, which lack basal folds, are filled with mucous
      droplets that have a fibrillogranular matrix. Many of the intercalated duct cells
      contain a single cytoplasmic inclusion that often is nearly as large as the
      nucleus. These inclusions are expanded cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum
      with moderately dense contents in which are embedded lamellar densities that give
      the inclusions the appearance of a badly reproduced fingerprint. Despite these
      obvious signs of secretory activity, the intercalated duct cells contain only a
      few secretory granules. Proceeding distally along the excretory ducts, the
      epithelium gradually changes from the simple cuboidal to simple columnar to
      pseudostratified. In those segments of the excretory duct composed of simple
      columnar epithelium, most cells contain small secretory granules. In the
      pseudostratified portion of the duct, the tall cells frequently contain an
      aggregate of mitochondria held together by regularly spaced filaments.

PMID- 3712508
TI  - Development of a cortical granule-free area of cortex and the perivitelline space
      in the hamster oocyte during maturation and following ovulation.
AB  - The distribution and behavior of cortical granules (CGs) in hamster oocytes at
      various stages of maturation were examined using both light (phase-contrast) and
      electron microscopy. At the germinal vesicle stage, CGs were distributed almost
      evenly in the cortex of the oocyte. A 'small' CG-free area of the cortex, with
      prominent cytoplasmic protrusions, appeared twice during the progression of
      meiosis. The first time, immediately above the metaphase spindle of the first
      meiosis and secondly, above the metaphase spindle of the second meiosis. Both
      peripheral migration and exocytosis of CGs appeared to be responsible for the
      formation of CG-free cortex above the metaphase spindle of first meiosis. The
      development of CG-free cortex above the metaphase spindle of the second meiosis
      was definitely due to exocytosis of CGs. The CG-free cortex above the metaphase
      spindle of the second meiosis increased its size steadily even after the oocytes
      had been transported into oviducts. Concomitantly, the size of the perivitelline
      space increased. The enlargement of the perivitelline space in unfertilized
      oviductal oocytes seems to be attributed not only to the exocytosis of CGs, but
      also to an extrusion of non-CG materials by the oocytes and perhaps an
      accumulation of some materials secreted by the oviduct epithelium. The limited
      (premature) CG-exocytosis during oocyte maturation and prior to fertilization may
      alter the physico-chemical properties of the zona pellucida slightly in such a
      way that the zona can be penetrated only by a very 'strong' spermatozoon. The
      presence of the perivitelline space in the mature oocyte prior to fertilization
      seems to be essential or at least beneficial to normal fertilization. Distinct
      cytoplasmic protrusions appear on the cortex above the metaphase spindle. The
      plasma membrane covering these protrusions seems to represent the membrane
      synthetized by the oocyte in preparation for the extrusion of polar body.

PMID- 3712510
TI  - Unusual myoepithelium in the retrolingual salivary gland of the European
      hedgehog.
AB  - The myoepithelial cells of the hedgehog retrolingual salivary gland have an
      unusual three-dimensional configuration. Many of the myoepithelial processes are
      not closely apposed to the overlying epithelial cell, but pursue a seemingly
      independent course in the connective tissue. The multiplicity of myoepithelial
      processes gives the intercalated ducts the appearance of being ensheathed by
      several layers of smooth muscle, each delimited by basal lamina, but these layers
      can be traced back to their myoepithelial origin. Contiguous myoepithelial
      processes are joined to one another and to secretory or duct cells by desmosomes.
      Myoepithelial processes completely enclosed by a sleeve of basal lamina are
      attached to the lamina densa by numerous hemidesmosomes, ensuring that the
      processes and their covering move in concert during contraction and relaxation.

PMID- 3712511
TI  - Germ cells in the ovarian surface during fetal development in humans. A three
      dimensional microanatomical study by scanning and transmission electron
      microscopy.
AB  - Observations by correlated scanning and transmission electron microscopy during
      human ovarian development (from 7 weeks to delivery) have revealed germ cells in
      the surface epithelium of the ovary. During embryonal differentiation (7/8 weeks)
      and in early stages of fetal development (9-12 weeks) the ameboid features of
      some primitive germ cells occurring in the cortical areas of the ovary, would
      suggest their capability to move and possibly migrate to the superficial coelomic
      layer covering the gonad. Subsequently the germ cells, gradually transformed in
      clusters of dividing oogonia and further meiotic oocytes, were closely associated
      to proliferating somatic cells of sexual cords and often resulted passively
      pushed and consequently dislocated in the most superficial areas of the ovary. As
      a result of these intense morphogenetic processes--even when the ovary was fully
      developed--the germ cells which were early in these superficial areas became
      included in the surface epithelium of the ovary. Therefore, through all stages of
      ovarian development and from these areas, germ cells were extruded on the surface
      of the gonad and ultimately liberated in the peritoneal cavity. Since germ cells
      were found within the surface epithelium of the ovary even in two newborns, and
      since some of these oocytes were eliminated from the ovary, it is possible that
      this extrusion mechanism might even continue to operate during the period between
      birth and puberty. On the other hand germ cells that in early stages had been
      more deeply located in the ovarian tissues, closely associated with the
      proliferating sex cords, maintained this relationship and became later
      incorporated in primitive follicles. Present evidence suggests that the above
      morphodynamics can be most likely depending upon a special tropism of germ cells
      towards the epithelioid components of the surface epithelium and mesonephric
      cords of the developing ovary. This close and early relationship between somatic
      and germ components is recognized as crucial to further development and fate of
      germ cell population in human ovary.

PMID- 3712512
TI  - Atrial septation in the rat. II. An electron microscopic study.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation is to examine the process of atrial septation
      in the embryonic rat heart utilizing scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM)
      electron microscopy. SEM shows septum primum, the first partition to develop, to
      extend from the dorsocranial wall of the primitive atrium by day 12.50. This
      begins the division of the common chamber into right and left portions. As septum
      primum grows foramen primum decreases in size and a second interatrial
      communication develops. Foramen secundum rapidly develops in the ventrocranial
      portion of septum primum during days 13.00 through 15.50. TEM studies of septum
      primum in the area of foramen secundum formation demonstrate that foramen
      formation is accomplished through transseptal communications established by
      cellular processes of rounded-up endocardial cells. These extensions protrude
      into the septal core isolating the septal tissue into small cords and the size of
      foramen secundum is increased. Areas of extremely dilated rough endoplasmic
      reticulum are prominent in the rounded-up endocardial cells and have a
      characteristic honeycomb appearance. No evidence of cell death is seen. A second
      septum develops to the right of septum primum and scanning electron micrographs
      show it to be a definitive partition by 16.50 days. At the fine structural level,
      elongated endocardial cells cover a center of myocytes containing many
      myofibrils, ribosomes and mitochondria.

PMID- 3712513
TI  - Mesenteronal epithelial cell surface charge of the mosquito, Culex tarsalis
      Coquillett. Binding of colloidal iron hydroxide, native ferritin and cationized
      ferritin.
AB  - The binding of positive and negative colloids of iron hydroxide, native ferritin
      and cationic ferritin to the mesenteronal epithelial cell surface of the
      mosquito, Culex tarsalis, was examined electronmicroscopically. The major anionic
      groups contributing to the negative character of the microvillar surface appear
      to be the gamma-carboxyls of aspartic and glutamic acids with some contribution
      from uronic acids. These same anionic groups are expressed along the basolateral
      membranes and the basal lamina along with the much more acidic sulfates. These
      specific groups were implicated through an evaluation of the binding of our
      surface probes at various pH's from 0.8 through 7.2.

PMID- 3712514
TI  - A comparative ultrastructural study of cutaneous blue naevi of humans and
      hamsters.
AB  - A comparative study of 12 human blue naevi and 15 carcinogen-induced hamster blue
      naevi showed no significant ultrastructural difference between these two groups
      of tumours. Both groups of tumours showed melanotic and hypomelanotic variants,
      and both were composed almost entirely of cells acceptable as melanocytes and
      melanophages. However, a few cells in some human and hamster tumours were
      partially or completely surrounded by a slender or quite thick external lamina.
      This may indicate a tendency towards a schwannocytic type of differentiation, but
      no other feature of schwannocytic differentiation such as the formation of
      mesaxons or pseudomesaxons was detected. Several cutaneous nerves were embedded
      in some of these tumours but they were clearly uninvolved in the neoplastic
      process and there was no evidence whatsoever that the tumours had developed from
      neural elements. We conclude that both human and hamster blue naevi are
      essentially melanocytomas which develop from dermal melanocytes which failed to
      reach the epidermis during development. We regard the occasional occurrence of an
      external lamina as an aberration of the neoplastic state which reflects the close
      kinship of melanocytes and Schwann cells i.e. their common origin from the neural
      crest.

PMID- 3712515
TI  - Conventional transmission electron microscopy of 1-1 haptoglobin isolated
      molecules and paracrystalline aggregates.
AB  - Data are presented relating conventional transmission electron microscope (CTEM)
      ultrastructural observations of the monomeric phenotypic variant (Hp 1-1) of the
      haptoglobin class of blood glycoproteins. Through comparison of these findings
      with homologous published data, obtained by means of scanning transmission
      electron microscopy (STEM), the validity of CTEM in molecule shape and fine
      structure determination is confirmed. An experimental procedure for Hp 1-1
      crystallization is also reported.

PMID- 3712516
TI  - Studies on the calcium antagonistic action of tetrandrine: XII. Effects of
      tetrandrine and calcium chloride on the impedance cardiogram of anesthetized
      canines.

PMID- 3712518
TI  - Pathological study of chronic lobular hepatitis--with special reference to
      pathology, diagnostic criteria, etiology and pathogenesis on the basis of
      analysis of 25 liver biopsies.

PMID- 3712517
TI  - Effects of tetrandrine on various vascular smooth muscles.

PMID- 3712519
TI  - The ultrastructure of intrahepatic bile ducts in primary biliary cirrhosis.

PMID- 3712520
TI  - Mathematical model of age-specific prevalence rate of hypertension.

PMID- 3712521
TI  - Observation on electrochemical detection method for diagnosis of bacteriuria.

PMID- 3712522
TI  - Studies on the calcium antagonistic action of tetrandrine: XIII. Protective
      effect of tetrandrine on myocardial hypoxia and necrosis induced by isoproterenol
      in rats.

PMID- 3712523
TI  - Experimental investigations on the antidotal treatment of nifedipine overdosage.
AB  - Rats anesthetized with pentobarbital and ventilated artificially were infused
      with 0.5 mg/kg X min nifedipine. They exhibited a sharp decline of blood
      pressure, heart rate, cardiac output and peripheral resistance and died after
      62.3 +/- 5.3 min of infusion. In the ECG, sinus bradycardia followed by AV
      dissociation and an escape rhythm originating from the AV-node or the bundle of
      His occurred. The survival time of nifedipine-infused rats increased by 100% and
      more upon additional infusion with calcium chloride, calcium gluconate,
      isoproterenol or dopamine and by 50% after prenalterol. Epinephrine,
      norepinephrine, angiotensin amide and the plasma expander polygeline were
      ineffective in this respect. All drugs prolonging the survival time elevated the
      cardiac output. Ca++ and dopamine also increased the blood pressure whereas
      isoproterenol accelerated the escape rhythm. Similar cardiovascular changes as in
      rats occurred in rabbits infused with 0.2 mg/kg X min nifedipine, the survival
      time without antidotal treatment amounting to 46.3 +/- 7.9 min. Calcium chloride
      more than doubled the survival time in rabbits, too, but isoproterenol and
      dopamine proved to be ineffective. Excess calcium did not overcome the inhibitory
      effects of nifedipine on pacemaker activity, atrioventricular conduction and
      peripheral resistance. The antidotal efficacy of calcium appears to be
      attributable to a reversal of the negative inotropic activity of nifedipine. In
      conclusion, Ca++ seems to be the drug of choice for the antidotal treatment of
      nifedipine intoxication.

PMID- 3712524
TI  - Indomethacin poisoning.
AB  - Two cases of indomethacin poisoning with supporting analytical data are described
      and the literature, which is limited to two reports, is reviewed. In overdose,
      indomethacin may produce the following non-life threatening symptoms: nausea,
      vomiting, abdominal pain, anorexia, drowsiness, headache, tinnitus, restlessness
      and agitation. The terminal elimination half-life in our two cases was
      respectively 6.8 hr and 2.9 hr which is similar to that found following a
      therapeutic dose.

PMID- 3712525
TI  - Ethylene glycol intoxication.

PMID- 3712526
TI  - Acute amoxicillin nephrotoxicity following an overdose.
AB  - A 3 year old boy developed acute renal failure following an ingestion of 574
      mg/kg of amoxicillin. Accidental ingestions of oral penicillins occur commonly,
      and are usually considered completely nontoxic. Based on this case, however, the
      possibility of adverse effects following large oral doses of penicillin-type
      antibiotics, mediated by allergic hypersensitivity or direct toxicity, should be
      considered.

PMID- 3712527
TI  - Neurobehavioral sequelae of subcutaneous injection with metallic mercury.
AB  - A 19 year old, white male, with nine years of education, attempted suicide by
      injection of metallic mercury (Hg) into the left forearm. CT scan findings
      suggesting mercury infiltration of the brain and results from urinalysis
      indicated clinically high levels of Hg excretion. Premorbid cognitive history was
      essentially normal, yet comprehensive neuropsychological assessment revealed
      significant impairment of higher cortical functioning beyond those expected of a
      moderately to severely disturbed psychiatric patient. Neuropsychological test
      results appear to offer a more sensitive, quantitative assessment of heavy metal
      toxicity.

PMID- 3712528
TI  - Some aspects of child health in an urban township Lusaka.

PMID- 3712529
TI  - Withdrawal of food during diarrhoea: major mechanism of malnutrition following
      diarrhoea in Bangladesh children.

PMID- 3712530
TI  - Pattern of feeding in the clinic and home delivered infants in Dacca city during
      the first 4 months of life.

PMID- 3712531
TI  - Recording of birthweight range by traditional birth attendants (dais) in villages
      in Northern India.

PMID- 3712532
TI  - Bacteriuria in some Nigerian pediatric populations.

PMID- 3712533
TI  - Neonatal manifestation of congenital rubella following an outbreak in Trinidad.

PMID- 3712534
TI  - Mycoplasma pneumoniae and viral infections in childhood asthma.

PMID- 3712535
TI  - Child feeding patterns amongst the Au of the West Sepik, Papua New Guinea.

PMID- 3712536
TI  - Obtaining best value for money in nutrition: an emerging new priority for the
      urban poor.

PMID- 3712537
TI  - Diagnoses in a dizziness unit.
AB  - Data are given on 2,515 patients who attended the Dizziness Unit on 3,113 visits.
      The sex incidence was 58% female, 42% male, and the sex preference most marked in
      the psychogenic group from ages 20 to 50. Dizziness is mainly a condition of
      middle-age; with a steadily aging population we can expect a disproportionate
      increase in patients with dizziness. Psychogenic dizziness was the commonest of
      all diagnoses (21.1%), followed closely by "undiagnosed"; together, these two
      comprised 40% of all diagnoses. Obviously, they deserve more clinical attention
      than such relatively rare conditions as delayed endolymphatic hydrops (0.5%) or
      inner ear fistula (0.4%). For all diagnostic categories, on repeated visits the
      original diagnosis was changed in about one-third of cases. Diagnostic conversion
      was most frequent in "undiagnosed", at a level of 58%.

PMID- 3712538
TI  - Recurrent vestibulopathy: third review.
AB  - The term "recurrent vestibulopathy" is used to distinguish patients with multiple
      episodes of vertigo of duration varying from about 5 minutes to 24 hours, without
      auditory or neurological symptoms or signs. About 70% retain the original
      diagnosis on mean follow-up of both 5.5 and 8.5 years, while the balance (at both
      intervals) convert either to Meniere's Disease or benign postural vertigo. We
      think that periodic reduction of afferent discharge activity in one vestibular
      nerve is the mechanism of the episodes, and virus the probable cause.

PMID- 3712539
TI  - Malignant external otitis.
AB  - Malignant external otitis was first identified by Chandler in 1968 as a
      significant otologic entity. Since then its mortality rate has steadily declined.
      This is due to increased awareness, earlier diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic
      therapy. A review of five years' experience with this condition at Mount Sinai
      Hospital, Toronto, is presented. The use of radionuclide scanning in diagnosis
      and determining duration of therapy is stressed.

PMID- 3712540
TI  - Cephalometric radiographs and nasal resistance.
AB  - The area of the unoccupied nasopharyngeal airway on standardized lateral
      cephalometric radiographs was obtained with the aid of a computer using
      digitization. These values were compared with the nasal resistance of 18 children
      prior to adenoidectomy. No significant correlation was obtained between the two
      sets of values. This study provides further confirmation of a lack of any
      predictable relationship between lateral radiographs of the post-nasal space and
      nasal airway resistance.

PMID- 3712541
TI  - "Swiss roll" laryngotracheoplasty in young children.
AB  - Five children with acquired subglottic stenosis were successfully decannulated
      utilizing a modification of the Evans and Todd "Swiss roll" technique.
      Modifications including laryngofissure from within the lumen, midline
      tracheocricoid incision, and posterior cricoid cartilage split seem to be
      beneficial. There are still problems with postoperative granulations.

PMID- 3712542
TI  - Subglottic hemangiomas in infants.
AB  - Subglottic hemangioma, a lesion absent at birth and developing in the first few
      months of life, may present as an acute airway obstruction. Definitive diagnosis
      may be delayed or confused with other conditions. Recent experience with infants
      presenting with subglottic hemangioma lead to the proposal of delayed laser
      surgical intervention until age nine months, at which time natural involution
      begins. Five cases are reviewed to illustrate this contention.

PMID- 3712543
TI  - Fishing for foreign bodies.
AB  - A guide to the radiological detection of fish bones for the sporting physician is
      presented. By radiologically examining fish bones superimposed on the neck, it
      was found that most bones are detectable, thus lending support to the use of
      plain neck films in screening for impacted fish bones.

PMID- 3712545
TI  - Supplementary uses of the suction device for resident training in ear surgery.

PMID- 3712544
TI  - An unusual laryngeal foreign body in an infant.
AB  - A case is presented of laryngeal impaction in an infant by a cervical vertebra of
      a toad. Symptoms were mild initially but became progressive later with secondary
      laryngeal edema. Early diagnosis was not made, which resulted in considerable
      difficulty in management. Computerized tomography (CT) scan was found to be
      useful in identifying the foreign body and thereby facilitating management. CT is
      recommended for suspected foreign bodies in the air and food passages where more
      conventional methods fail to make a diagnosis.

PMID- 3712546
TI  - Treatment of tympanic atelectasis.

PMID- 3712547
TI  - Primary tracheo-esophageal puncture voice restoration with laryngectomy.
AB  - In 1979 Singer and Blom introduced a technique of tracheo-esophageal puncture for
      restoration of voice in the post-laryngectomy patient. This procedure is usually
      done as a staged secondary procedure, six months after the primary laryngectomy.
      This study compares 13 patients who have had a laryngectomy and primary tracheo
      esophageal fistula formation with 13 patients in whom the procedure is performed
      as a delayed operation. A clinical evaluation of the results of tracheo
      esophageal puncture is presented. Acceptable results were obtained in 77% of the
      primary tracheo-esophageal puncture group whereas only 54% of the delayed group
      attained acceptable results. The advantages of primary tracheo-esophageal
      puncture include an improved patient morale and acceptance of the procedure, as
      well as the ability to feed the patient through the Foley catheter. The
      disadvantages of performing the procedure primarily include an increased rate of
      postoperative mucocutaneous fistula. The relationship of the tracheo-esophageal
      puncture to the increased fistulization rate is discussed. Further experience is
      required before firm conclusions can be drawn about the role this procedure will
      take in the management of patients for cancer of the larynx.

PMID- 3712548
TI  - Thyroid tumors invading the larynx and trachea.
AB  - Thyroid tumors may involve the airway. Eight patients with such invasion are
      reported; five with invasion of the larynx and three of the trachea. The symptoms
      varied: five of the eight patients had stridor and hemoptysis, one had
      hoarseness, and two had no symptoms at all. Endoscopic and radiologic
      examinations were performed in all patients including computed tomography in six.
      Six patients underwent total thyroidectomy and two patients, one with
      paraganglioma and one with hemangiopericytoma, had a hemithyroidectomy. Three
      patients had a total laryngectomy, one a partial laryngectomy and one a
      laryngofissure procedure. Tracheal resection was performed in two patients and
      one had laser excision of the endotracheal tumor involvement. Three patients
      received postoperative external irradiation. Six of the eight patients are alive
      with follow-up of 39 to 85 months.

PMID- 3712549
TI  - Esthesioneuroblastoma: cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and widespread metastasis.
AB  - Esthesioneuroblastoma, a tumor of neural crest origin arising in the nasal
      cavity, is uncommon, may be difficult to diagnose, and frequently is not cured.
      We report a case that was originally diagnosed as an inflammatory polyp and
      recurred with extension into the anterior cranial fossa. Surgery and radiotherapy
      were followed by local recurrence and cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. Despite
      initial negative results of investigation for metastases, recurrence appeared in
      cervical nodes and was followed by widespread bone, soft tissue, and cerebral
      metastasis. There was no response to multiple-agent chemotherapy. The results of
      surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy in this rare and lethal tumor are reviewed.

PMID- 3712550
TI  - An investigation of the squamous cell epithelium of the human larynx by the
      method of tissue culture.
AB  - Laryngeal squamous cell epithelium has been grown by the method of tissue
      culture. Explant outgrowths were examined initially. Subsequently colonies of
      epithelium were grown from single cells upon a feeder layer of irradiated 3T3
      mouse fibroblasts in a suitable growth medium. Human prepuce, which is widely
      used in skin culture studies, served as a control. There were colonial
      differences between colonies of the squamous epithelium of the larynx which
      presented a loose lattice structure and those of the prepuce control which gave
      rise to compacted growth. However, no obvious differences were noted between
      squamous epithelial colonies derived from fetal and adult vocal cords epithelium.

PMID- 3712551
TI  - The forehead lift: refinements in surgical technique.
AB  - The forehead lift has recently received increased interest as a most rewarding
      procedure in aging face surgery. Following its introduction, many surgical
      techniques to achieve the desired result have been developed. This paper presents
      the surgical anatomy of the procedure, and its indications and contraindications.
      The surgical technique as developed over more than 100 cases is described,
      including peri-operative care and operative surgical precautions. The advantages
      and disadvantages of this procedure, including complications, are outlined.

PMID- 3712552
TI  - A systematic approach to fetal echocardiography using real-time/two-dimensional
      sonography.
AB  - Improvements in the resolution of real-time scanners have facilitated examination
      of the fetal heart and the performance of fetal echocardiograms. The techniques
      for systematic examination have rarely been described in detail. Six
      echocardiographic views, described in this report, allow complete examination of
      the four cardiac chambers, as well as the valvular structures. Interatrial and
      interventricular septa may be visualized, as well as the great vessels.

PMID- 3712553
TI  - Nomogram for the biventricular dimension of the fetal heart.

PMID- 3712554
TI  - Virulence of La Crosse virus is under polygenic control.
AB  - To identify which RNA segments of the California serogroup bunyaviruses determine
      virulence, we prepared reassortant viruses by coinfecting BHK-21 cells with two
      wild-type parents, La Crosse/original and Tahyna/181-57 viruses, which differed
      about 30,000-fold in virulence. The progeny clones were screened by
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to ascertain the phenotype of the M and S RNA
      segments, and RNA-RNA hybridization was used to determine the genotype of
      selected clones. Two or three clones of each of the six possible reassortant
      genotypes were characterized quantitatively for neuroinvasiveness by determining
      the PFU/50% lethal dose (LD50) ratio after subcutaneous injection into suckling
      mice. The reassortants fell into two groups. (i) Six of seven reassortants with a
      La Crosse M RNA segment were as virulent as the parent La Crosse virus (about 1
      PFU/LD50); the one exception was strikingly different (about 1,000 PFU/LD50) and
      probably represents a spontaneous mutant. (ii) The seven reassortants with a
      Tahyna M RNA segment were about 10-fold more virulent than the parent Tahyna
      virus (median 1,600 PFU/LD50 for reassortants and 16,000 PFU/LD50 for Tahyna
      virus). A comparative pathogenesis study in suckling mice of one reassortant
      virus and the parent Tahyna virus confirmed the greater neuroinvasiveness of the
      reassortant virus. From these data it was concluded that the M RNA segment was
      the major determinant of virulence, but that the other two gene segments could
      modulate the virulence of a nonneuroinvasive California serogroup virus.

PMID- 3712556
TI  - The neurovirulent determinants of ts1, a paralytogenic mutant of Moloney murine
      leukemia virus TB, are localized in at least two functionally distinct regions of
      the genome.
AB  - To better understand the molecular mechanism involved in retrovirus ts1-induced
      paralytic disease in mice, we constructed a panel of recombinant viruses between
      ts1 and the wild-type viruses Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMuLV) and MoMuLV
      TB, a strain of MoMuLV. These recombinant viruses were constructed in an attempt
      to identify the sequence(s) in the genome of ts1 which contains the critical
      mutation(s) responsible for the neurovirulence of ts1. Two functionally distinct
      sequences in the genome of ts1 were found to be responsible for its paralytogenic
      ability. One of these sequences, the 0.77-kilobase-pair XbaI-BamHI (nucleotides
      5765 to 6537) fragment which encodes the 5' half of gp70 and 11 base pairs
      upstream of the env gene coding sequence, determines the inability of ts1 to
      process Pr80env. The other sequence, the 2.30-kilobase-pair BamHI-PstI
      (nucleotides 538 to 8264 and 1 to 567) fragment, which comprises nearly two
      thirds of the env gene, the long terminal repeat, and the 5' noncoding sequence,
      determines the enhanced neurotropism of ts1. Replacement of any one of these two
      regions with the homologous region from either one of the two wild-type viruses
      resulted in recombinant viruses which either totally failed to induce paralysis
      or induced a greatly attenuated form of paresis in some of the infected mice.

PMID- 3712555
TI  - Transcription unit mapping in adenovirus: regions of termination.
AB  - Using a series of single-stranded clones of adenovirus DNA, we determined the
      extent of RNA polymerase II transit early in infection for two rightward-reading
      transcription units. RNA synthesis beginning at the major late promoter (16.5 on
      the genomic map) continued until approximately 65 to 70 map units so that
      differential choices of mRNAs within that region were not based primarily on
      transcriptional decisions but rather on posttranscriptional decisions.
      Transcription from the major late promoter beginning at 16.5 map units, however,
      did greatly decrease before approximately 75 map units, ensuring that no mRNAs
      were formed with sequences beyond approximately 75 map units. Early transcription
      from E3 then began just past 75 map units (at a higher rate than transcription
      from the major late promoter); E3 transcripts terminated at least 2 kilobases
      downstream from a second and final poly(A) site in this transcription unit. The
      effectiveness of termination in E3 was greater than 95 to 99%.

PMID- 3712557
TI  - Pathogenicity of fibroblast- and lymphocyte-specific variants of minute virus of
      mice.
AB  - We tested two strains of the minute virus of mice (MVM) for pathogenic effects
      and patterns of infection in laboratory mice. The two strains differ in their
      ability to infect differentiated cultured cells: the prototype virus, MVMp,
      infects only fibroblasts, while its variant, MVMi, is restricted to lymphocytes.
      We find that neither strain has any demonstrable effects on the T-cell function
      of mice infected as adults. In contrast, MVMi, but not MVMp, is able to induce a
      runting syndrome accompanied by mild immune deficiencies upon the infection of
      newborn mice. After neonatal infection, MVMi spreads to many organs, and the
      presence of viral replicative form DNA is evident in nucleic acid hybridization
      experiments. In contrast, replication of MVMp can be detected only by the
      seroconversion of infected animals. Newborn mice that grow abnormally as a result
      of MVMi infection also have low circulating antibody titers to the virus. This
      phenomenon may be a consequence of the lymphotropism of MVMi.

PMID- 3712558
TI  - Training grants for the urological scientist (report of joint meeting of National
      Institutes of Health staff and concerned program directors).

PMID- 3712559
TI  - Combined treatment of branched calculi by percutaneous nephrolithotomy and
      extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.
AB  - Eighty-seven patients with branched renal calculi were treated by a combination
      of percutaneous nephrolithotomy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Stone
      debulking was achieved by percutaneous nephrolithotomy and residual stone
      fragments were destroyed by shock wave lithotripsy. Of the patients 70 (80 per
      cent) required 2 to 3 treatments, 12 (14 per cent) required 4 treatments and 5 (6
      per cent) required 5 to 6 treatments. Results after 3 months indicated that 58
      patients were free of stones, 3 had recurrent stones and 12 had disintegrated
      stone particles (less than 3 mm.) in the collecting system, while 13 were lost to
      followup. One patient had undergone nephrectomy. This treatment plan minimized
      the disadvantages of either technique when used alone and made open operative
      intervention unnecessary. Procedural and fluoroscopy times were reduced
      drastically compared to reported data on percutaneous nephrolithotomy only. We
      believe that more than 90 per cent of all branched calculi can be treated with
      this combined technique.

PMID- 3712560
TI  - Caliceal calculi.
AB  - Primary nonobstructive caliceal calculi were removed by nephrostolithotomy in 51
      patients. Among the patients with caliceal stones indications for removal
      included pain in 36 (71 per cent), associated infection in 11 (21 per cent),
      progressive stone growth in 2 (4 per cent), hematuria in 1 (2 per cent) and
      flight status eligibility in 1 (2 per cent). Over-all, 300 patients have
      undergone percutaneous removal of upper urinary tract calculi, with a 97 per cent
      success rate. Successful removal was completed percutaneously in 49 patients (96
      per cent). One patient remains asymptomatic with retained caliceal fragments and
      surgical stone removal was required in 1 additional patient. Complications
      occurred in 4 patients (8 per cent). One patient underwent transcatheter
      embolization of an intralobar artery to control renal bleeding. Three patients
      required placement of an internal Double-J ureteral stent to permit resolution of
      ureteral edema. Following recovery 34 of 36 patients (95 per cent) reported
      complete resolution of the preoperative pain for which the calculus was removed.
      Two patients had persistent urinary infection. The remaining patients reported no
      residual complaints. These observations suggest that pain and discomfort
      occasionally may be associated with nonobstructive caliceal calculi. Removal of
      caliceal calculi may permit resolution of associated discomfort in more than 90
      per cent of all carefully selected patients.

PMID- 3712561
TI  - Retrograde nephrostomy: experience with 2 techniques.
AB  - An attempt was made to establish a percutaneous nephrostomy in 47 consecutive
      patients using retrograde techniques. In all patients the Lawson nephrostomy
      system was used first. A steerable guide wire is used to position a
      polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) catheter in a suitable calix. A penetrating wire
      then is passed through the catheter and advanced to the skin. The catheter then
      is advanced over the wire to the abdominal wall and locked to the wire. Traction
      on the wire advances the catheter to the skin to establish the nephrostomy tract.
      If the Lawson system could not be used successfully, the Hunter-Hawkins
      nephrostomy system was used. Of the patients studied 3 required bilateral
      nephrostomy and 1 required 2 nephrostomies in the same kidney, for a total of 51
      attempted procedures. Of the 51 attempts 49 (96 per cent) were successful.
      Nephrostomy was done for stone removal in 46 cases and was successful. The Lawson
      system was used successfully in 43 of the 49 successful nephrostomies (88 per
      cent). The Hunter-Hawkins system was successful in the remaining 6 patients. The
      mean duration of the nephrostomy procedure was 45.9 minutes and the mean
      fluoroscopy time was 2.7 minutes. No patient suffered any complication related to
      the nephrostomy insertion. Retrograde nephrostomy is a quick, safe procedure that
      requires little radiation and is well suited to the undilated collecting system.

PMID- 3712562
TI  - Postoperative anatrophic nephrolithotomy bleeding.
AB  - We reviewed 530 patients treated with anatrophic nephrolithotomy during a 14.5
      year period. Significant postoperative renal bleeding occurred in 34 cases (6.4
      per cent). The average postoperative blood transfusion requirement in this group
      was 5,279 cc. Bleeding patients were significantly older and they had worse renal
      function compared to the nonbleeding group. If bleeding did not begin immediately
      it usually started 5 to 8 days postoperatively. Bleeding dyscrasias were
      identified in 6 patients and correction allowed nonoperative management in 4.
      Epsilon aminocaproic acid was helpful only in the treatment of patients with
      slow, lower volume bleeding. Eight patients required 9 open renal explorations to
      control bleeding. Two arteriovenous fistulas and 1 false aneurysm were
      identified. An attempt at angiographic embolization of an arteriovenous fistula
      was unsuccessful. Only 1 patient required a nephrectomy (1 of 34 or 2.9 per cent)
      and there was no mortality. A treatment plan for this complication is described.

PMID- 3712564
TI  - Bedside flexible cystoscopy: an approach to the critically ill patient.
AB  - A 15F flexible fiberoptic choledochonephroscope was used to perform bedside
      flexible cystoscopy in 5 critically ill patients. All 5 patients were receiving
      pressor agents, and 4 were intubated and dependent on a respirator. A ureteral
      stent was placed in the renal pelvis in 3 patients. The flexible endoscope
      enables the urologist to bring diagnostic and therapeutic cystoscopy directly to
      the bedside.

PMID- 3712563
TI  - Ureteral stone management: emerging concepts.
AB  - A total of 206 procedures was performed on 193 patients with ureteral calculi.
      The success rate was 62 per cent for stones proximal to the pelvic brim and 94
      per cent for stones distal to the pelvic brim (87 per cent success over-all). Of
      the procedures 61 were done for fragments lodged in the ureter following
      extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Ureteroscopy was done in 147 cases. Our
      current management concepts (including extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy) for
      proximal and distal ureteral calculi are presented.

PMID- 3712565
TI  - Experience with the Mentor inflatable penile prosthesis.
AB  - We present our experience with the new Mentor inflatable penile prosthesis for
      the treatment of organic impotence. Technical complications requiring frequent
      revision of the most commonly used inflatable prosthesis have led to the
      development of a new device, which we have used in 116 patients. This hydraulic
      device provides excellent functional qualities. No connector separations,
      aneurysms or ruptures have been encountered. Reoperations became necessary in
      10.5 per cent of the patients. Cosmetic and functional results were good, and
      patient acceptance has been excellent.

PMID- 3712566
TI  - The application of flow cytometry to the assessment of tumor cell heterogeneity
      and the grading of human prostatic cancer: preliminary results.
AB  - A new method has been developed to assess quantitatively tumor cell morphology
      and tumor cell heterogeneity. Preliminary results suggest that this method may be
      capable of predicting the metastatic potential of a tumor based upon analysis of
      a biopsy sample. A flow cytometric grading index was established based upon the
      mean and variance in perpendicular and forward light scatter. The mean was
      included to assess the tumor as a whole. The variance was included to assess the
      range of morphological heterogeneity within the tumor. This flow cytometric
      grading index has allowed for the accurate prediction of the ultimate
      pathological stage in a small series of human prostatic cancers obtained at the
      time of radical retropubic prostatectomy and lymph node dissection. Patients with
      high flow cytometric index values had seminal vesicle invasion and capsular
      penetration by prostatic cancer. Those with intermediate index values had
      capsular penetration only. The patient with a low index value had a small cancer
      confined totally to the surgical specimen.

PMID- 3712567
TI  - Urological operations in the United States: 1979 to 1984.
AB  - With data from the National Center for Health Statistics an in-depth analysis of
      numbers of urological operations from 1979 to 1984 was performed. During the 5
      year study period there was an increase in total numbers of urological operations
      of 7 per cent, while the number of urological surgeons increased 18 per cent. In
      1983 urologists performed 1,680,000 operations. Prostatectomy (357,000) was the
      most common urological procedure and the tenth most frequent operation in this
      country. The 20 most common urological operations constitute 69 per cent of all
      urological operations. In 1983 urological operations represented 9 per cent of
      all procedures completed in this country. These figures illustrate the dynamics
      of urological surgical practice. The numbers of urological operations have
      increased minimally during the last 5 years despite constantly increasing numbers
      of urologists. The belief that urological operative rates will inevitably
      increase as the number of urologists increases is not supported by this study.

PMID- 3712568
TI  - Detrusor instability: a delayed complication in association with the artificial
      sphincter.
AB  - Of 45 children with an artificial sphincter 6 had elevated filling pressure of
      the detrusor and/or uninhibited contractions of the bladder after the
      implantation surgery, which produced hydronephrosis in 3 and urinary incontinence
      in 3. All affected individuals had myelodysplasia (17 per cent of this subgroup),
      3 had evidence of tethering of the spinal cord and 3 may have had unrecognized
      detrusor hypertonicity, which was masked by the low outlet resistance before
      sphincter implantation. Corrective surgery consisted of either decompressive
      laminectomy with untethering of the spinal cord or augmentation cystoplasty when
      indicated. Factors affecting the change in the detrusor postoperatively, and
      recommendations for improved selection and surveillance of individuals undergoing
      implantation of the artificial device are promulgated.

PMID- 3712569
TI  - Pudendal cortical somatosensory evoked potentials.
AB  - To determine normal reference latencies pudendal cortical somatosensory evoked
      potentials were evaluated in 20 healthy volunteers. The dorsal nerve of the penis
      or clitoris was stimulated electrically and the cortical response was recorded
      from the CZ-2 point (2 cm. behind the central vertex). Reproducible responses
      were obtained and reference values were established.

PMID- 3712570
TI  - Pediatric percutaneous nephrostomy: experience with 50 patients.
AB  - Percutaneous nephrostomy tube placement was performed on 50 children with
      obstructed urinary tracts. The youngest patient was 3 days old and the smallest
      weighed 1,400 gm. The most common indication was obstruction after ureteral
      reimplantation (17 cases) followed by preoperative placement for pelvioureteral
      junction obstruction (15 cases). Infection was the most common presenting feature
      (14 cases), followed by a mass (11 cases) and renal failure (11 cases). Catheter
      placement was performed with basal sedation and general anesthesia was not used.
      There were no failures. In 26 patients no further surgery was required, including
      16 of the 17 patients who had obstruction secondary to ureteral reimplantation.
      The only 2 significant complications were sepsis after catheter exchange in 1
      patient and brisk hematuria upon placement of the catheter in another patient.
      Percutaneous nephrostomy tube placement is the method of choice for temporary
      relief of obstruction of the upper urinary tracts in children, since the hazards
      of surgery and general anesthesia are avoided.

PMID- 3712572
TI  - Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy training in the United States.

PMID- 3712571
TI  - Island pedicle graft in the correction of urethral meatal stenosis following
      hypospadias repair.
AB  - We present our experience with the use of a vascularized island pedicle graft in
      the correction of urethral meatal stenosis following hypospadias surgery. In 5
      patients treated with this new technique the stenosis was corrected and voiding
      flow patterns returned to normal.

PMID- 3712573
TI  - Some thoughts on the newer methods of management of urinary tract calculi.

PMID- 3712574
TI  - Revitalization of training grants.

PMID- 3712575
TI  - Percutaneous identification and removal of fungus ball from renal pelvis.
AB  - Fungus balls in the upper urinary tract are uncommon infectious processes that
      usually occur in diabetic patients. We report a case of an obstructing fungus
      ball of the renal pelvis, which was identified and removed successfully by
      percutaneous techniques.

PMID- 3712576
TI  - Duplicate segment within a single ureter.
AB  - A rare case of a duplicate segment within a single ureter is reported and the
      embryology of such an anomaly is discussed.

PMID- 3712577
TI  - Primary retroperitoneal pelvic echinococcal cyst.
AB  - We report a case of a single primary retroperitoneal echinococcal cyst located in
      the pelvis. There were no other hydatid cysts in any other organ. The cyst was
      excised and serological tests returned to normal.

PMID- 3712578
TI  - Chemical pericystitis: a rare complication of intravesical doxorubicin.
AB  - We report a rare instance of chemical pericystitis in a 60-year-old man who had
      undergone transurethral resection of a bladder tumor and subsequent intravesical
      instillation of doxorubicin. The patient had a high fever lasting for 18 days,
      lower abdominal pain and mild hydronephrosis. Extravasation of doxorubicin
      through the resected and thinned region of the bladder wall seemed to be
      responsible for this complication. The lesion improved spontaneously without any
      sequela.

PMID- 3712579
TI  - Villous adenoma of the urachus with mucusuria: a light and electron microscopic
      study.
AB  - After 2 years of mucusuria a villous adenoma of the urachus was resected from a
      woman by partial cystectomy and excision of the entire urachus. Convalescence was
      uneventful and the patient was well 12 months later. Urachal adenomas are rare,
      this being the sixteenth case reported. Generally, they are multilocular cystic
      tumors lined by columnar epithelium with a population of mucous goblet cells.
      Often, there is a striking resemblance to gut epithelium. Ultrastructurally, by
      transmission and scanning electron microscopy, the tissue resembles gut mucosa.
      Urinary mucus is a common and relatively specific symptom for adenomas of the
      lower urachus, occurring in 7 of 11 cases. Resection alone is effective therapy
      but care must be exercised to avoid spilling adenoma cells in the peritoneum.

PMID- 3712580
TI  - Fungal infection associated with artificial urethral sphincters in children.
AB  - We report 2 cases of Candida albicans infection associated with a hydraulic
      artificial sphincter implant. Medical management with amphotericin B alone
      appeared to be successful.

PMID- 3712581
TI  - Condyloma acuminatum treated with human leukocyte interferon.
AB  - A patient with condyloma acuminatum is described who was treated successfully
      with human leukocyte interferon. An increase in body temperature, headache,
      nausea and myalgia proved to be the most serious side effects during treatment.

PMID- 3712582
TI  - 45X/46XX boy with hypospadias: case report.
AB  - A 21-month-old boy with penoscrotal hypospadias had chromosomal mosaicism of
      45X/46XX karyotype, which was confirmed by examination of cultured peripheral
      lymphocytes and fibroblasts from the genital skin. The H-Y antigen from the
      peripheral blood was positive. This case represents an example of 45X/46XX
      mosaicism presenting as an almost normal male phenotype with a scrotal testis.

PMID- 3712583
TI  - Testicular sarcoidosis: case report and review of the literature.
AB  - We report a case of clinically evident and histologically proved sarcoidosis of
      the testicle. Six cases have been reported in the literature. This condition is
      present most commonly in black patients. Sarcoidosis is known to be associated
      with malignancy and several cases of coexistent testicular cancer have been
      reported in the white population. Management should include complete testicular
      neoplasia diagnostic studies, biopsy of peripheral or mediastinal lymph nodes,
      and radical orchiectomy in cases of unilateral lesions. Testicular biopsy from
      the inguinal approach and frozen section evaluation may be considered in
      bilateral lesions or in the patient with previous orchiectomy for testicular
      sarcoidosis.

PMID- 3712584
TI  - Computerized tomography of prostatic and periurethral abscesses: 2 case reports.
AB  - We report 2 cases of lower urinary tract abscesses disclosed by contrast-enhanced
      computerized tomography scanning. In each case computerized tomography disclosed
      the diagnosis when conventional studies failed to reveal a cause, and treatment
      failed to relieve the signs and symptoms of urinary tract infection.

PMID- 3712585
TI  - Treatment of incoercible erection during endoscopic surgery.

PMID- 3712586
TI  - Multiorgan crystal deposition following intravenous oxalate infusion in rat.
AB  - Deposition of calcium oxalate is responsible for the pathologic manifestations of
      oxalosis and may contribute to multiorgan dysfunction in uremia and to the
      progression of renal damage after renal failure is established. We have developed
      a rat model of oxalosis using a single intravenous injection of sodium oxalate,
      0.3 mmol./kg. body weight, in rats. Polarized light microscopy and section freeze
      dry autoradiography were used to identify 14C-oxalate within the renal parenchyma
      and in extrarenal organs. 14C-oxalate crystals under three mu in length were
      identified within one min. of injection in proximal tubule lumens. Section freeze
      dry autoradiography showed occasional minute crystals within glomeruli, heart,
      lung and liver at one hr. In contrast to concentrative cellular uptake
      demonstrated in rat renal cortical slices in vitro, intracellular accumulation of
      14C-oxalate could not be detected in vivo. Within the first 24 hr., renal oxalate
      retention reached a maximum of 25 +/- 4 per cent of the injected dose/gm. kidney
      compared to a maximum of only 7 +/- 3 per cent/gm. kidney after intraperitoneal
      administration. Although less than one per cent dose/gm. kidney remained after
      one week, crystal fragments were scattered throughout the cortex and medulla,
      often surrounded by foci of interstitial nephritis. The retention of crystals in
      kidney and other body organs following i.v. oxalate provides a model of oxalosis
      which stimulates pathophysiologic events in a variety of clinical situations
      characterized by transiently or persistently elevated serum oxalate.

PMID- 3712587
TI  - A new mouse model of genetically transmitted polycystic kidney disease.
AB  - The clinical and pathologic characteristics of the murine polycystic kidney were
      examined in a mutant cy/cy mouse found in the KK strain, which is known to be a
      diabetic strain. This cy/cy mutant appeared to resemble human adult polycystic
      kidney disease in clinical course and morphology although inheritance was an
      autosomal recessive trait. Histologic studies of early postnatal animals
      suggested that cystic alterations might occur in any part of a collecting tubule
      or nephron. The cy/cy mutant might be a useful model animal for further
      investigation of early morphologic alterations and progression of cystic disease.

PMID- 3712588
TI  - Effect of vesical outlet obstruction on detrusor contractility and passive
      properties in rabbits.
AB  - Outlet obstruction was induced in 16 New Zealand rabbits by implanting a
      polyethylene tube (20 F) for a period of three months. The tube was slit
      longitudinally and placed around the bladder neck, between the ureters and vasa
      deferentia. It was left open to induce moderate obstruction and closed by a
      suture to induce severe obstruction. The animals were studied by cutting
      consecutive rings from each bladder, which were subjected to the following
      studies: morphology, contractility and mechanical properties. Morphology.
      Histology sections of the rings, studied by Hematoxylin and Eosin and Masson
      Trichrome stains, demonstrated smooth muscle hypertrophy in moderate obstruction,
      while hyperplasia was the predominant response in severe obstruction. The average
      nuclear count per square millimeter of smooth muscle was 251 in controls, 87 in
      moderate obstruction and 705 in severe obstruction. Bladder wall thickness was
      significantly increased after both moderate and severe obstruction, as compared
      to controls. Contractility and mechanical properties. Each ring was tested in a
      muscle chamber under conditions of maximal electrical stimulation (100 V, 2 ms,
      40 Hz). For each ring, full force-length relationships (active and passive) were
      obtained by stretching the rings in successive increments until length of maximal
      active force development was reached. Force was normalized per unit cross
      sectional area (stress), and length according to a "reference" underformed state
      (per cent of unloaded length). The maximum active stress of the rings was taken
      as a measure of bladder contractility, and the rate of increase in passive force
      as a measure of detrusor stiffness. In all groups, the body of the detrusor
      exerted better contractility, as compared to a rigid, less contractile base. In
      the obstructed groups, detrusor contractility was significantly decreased at the
      body level, with increased stiffness, as compared to controls. The length at
      which maximum contractility was exerted, however, increased in moderate
      obstruction, and decreased in severe obstruction.

PMID- 3712589
TI  - Effects of noradrenaline, isoproterenol and acetylcholine on ureteral resistance.
AB  - Resistance to fluid flow in the canine ureter can be divided into two categories.
      The higher resistance is recorded at flow rates less than or equal to 2.16
      ml./min. At these rates the ureter is able to completely coapt its walls so that
      urine is transported in individual boluses. The lower resistance is recorded at
      flow rates greater than or equal to 5.40 ml./min. At these rates the ureteral
      walls remained open and urine is transported as a column of fluid. Noradrenaline
      causes a marked increase in ureteral resistance at low flow rates and a small but
      statistically significant increase in ureteral resistance at high flow rates.
      Acetylcholine increases resistance only at the low flow rates. Isoproterenol
      significantly decreases resistance at both low and high flow rates. These
      findings are consistent with ureteral resistance to fluid flow being composed of
      two components. One is the ureteral peristaltic contraction which plays a
      principal role in urinary bolus transport at low flows; the other is ureteral
      wall tonus, which plays an important role in the transport of columns of urine by
      the ureter, which does not coapt its walls, at the higher flow rates.

PMID- 3712590
TI  - Tumor cachexia and hypercalcemia in nude rats and mice bearing human renal
      carcinomas.
AB  - Human hypercalcemia-inducing renal tumors have been established as xenografts in
      nude mice and nude rats. Animals bearing these tumors became cachexic and
      hypercalcemic and these changes could be reversed by excision of xenograft
      tumors. Metabolic studies carried out in nude rats suggested that the
      hypercalcemia-inducing factor was effecting renal excretion of calcium but was
      probably not parathyroid hormone. Although the hypercalcemia-inducing property of
      the tumor was stable throughout serial transplantation of tumor from animal to
      animal, it was lost after passage through cells in culture.

PMID- 3712591
TI  - Incorporation of corpora cavernosa in bulbous urethral artificial urinary
      sphincter.
AB  - The management of a nonambulatory patient with total urinary incontinence after
      radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy is discussed. The corpora cavernosa
      were used in the placement of an artificial urinary sphincter after previous
      erosion to provide continence.

PMID- 3712592
TI  - Priapism: a refined approach to diagnosis and treatment.
AB  - The recent introduction of intracorporeal injections of papaverine and
      phentolamine for the diagnosis and treatment of impotence has resulted in an
      increased incidence of iatrogenic priapism. Based on our research into penile
      hemodynamics we propose a refined approach to all types of priapism.
      Intracorporeal blood gas and pressure monitoring should be used to differentiate
      ischemic (low flow) from nonischemic (high flow) types. Most cases of papaverine
      induced or phentolamine-induced priapism will respond to aspiration alone or in
      combination with intracorporeal instillation of a diluted alpha-adrenergic agent.
      In spontaneous priapism alpha-adrenergic agents can be tried first if patients
      have only mild or no ischemia. In patients with severe ischemia stagnant blood
      should be evacuated and a shunt procedure should be performed to allow metabolic
      replenishment of tissue. Intracorporeal pressure monitoring will help to
      determine the size and number of shunts needed to re-establish corporeal
      circulation.

PMID- 3712593
TI  - Papaverine-induced priapism: 2 case reports.
AB  - Intracorporeal papaverine injection therapy for impotence has been reported
      recently as a therapeutic option with low morbidity. We report 2 cases of
      papaverine-induced priapism that required surgical intervention.

PMID- 3712594
TI  - Localized gangrene of the scrotum and penis: a complication of heroin injection
      into the femoral vessels.
AB  - Long-term intravenous heroin abusers have problems of vascular access. After the
      accessible sites are sclerosed, the neck, axillae and groins are then used
      frequently. We report on 3 heroin abusers who presented with localized gangrene
      of the genitalia after injection into the femoral vessels. We postulate that the
      pathophysiology of this entity is related to arterial embolization of particulate
      matter into the microcirculation of the genitalia, which causes arterial
      thrombosis leading to localized gangrene. Of the 3 patients 2 were treated with
      local excision, debridement and primary closure. A fourth addict who injected
      heroin directly into the scrotum and perineum, presented with Fournier's
      gangrene, a completely different, more lethal entity.

PMID- 3712595
TI  - In vitro secretion of deoxycorticosterone by a benign Leydig cell tumor of the
      testis.
AB  - We evaluated the in vitro steroidogenic potential of a benign Leydig cell tumor
      of the testis. Tumor tissue was found to secrete deoxycorticosterone,
      progesterone, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, estradiol and testosterone into the
      medium. No corticosterone or aldosterone was detected. The ratio of progesterone
      to 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone was 4:1, consistent with a partial enzymatic
      block of 17 alpha-hydroxylase. The finding of deoxycorticosterone indicates the
      presence of 21-hydroxylase activity within the tumor. The high local levels of
      estrogen produced by Leydig cell tumors may induce this enzyme system and,
      together with the elevated concentrations of progesterone serving as substrate,
      may provide a favorable hormonal milieu for extra-adrenal deoxycorticosterone
      production by these neoplasms.

PMID- 3712596
TI  - Spontaneous regression of metastatic embryonal testicular carcinoma: 22-year
      followup.

PMID- 3712597
TI  - Palisading granulomas of the prostate associated with prior prostatic surgery.
AB  - We report a case of a unique granulomatous lesion of the prostate and recurrent
      bladder neck obstruction. The lesion was histologically identical to a rheumatoid
      nodule and it has only been seen in patients who have undergone prior prostatic
      surgery. There appears to be no clinical correlation with connective tissue
      disease, and the lesion differs clinically and morphologically from other types
      of granulomatous prostatitis.

PMID- 3712598
TI  - Lower tract urolithiasis after prostatectomy.
AB  - Nine cases of lower tract urolithiasis after prostatectomy are reported. In
      addition to these 9 cases 223 from the world literature and 10 from our previous
      experience also are reviewed. Stones may form after prostatectomy in various
      locations of the lower urinary tract, including the bladder, bladder
      diverticulum, prostatic fossa, simultaneously in the bladder and prostatic fossa,
      and, occasionally, in an iatrogenic pouch. They occur after all forms of
      prostatectomy, that is surgical or endoscopic, and after benign as well as
      malignant prostatic lesions. Calculi that form in the bladder most frequently are
      the result of stasis owing to bladder neck contracture or recurrence of prostatic
      enlargement. Calculi that form in the prostatic bed (or fossa) are caused by a
      ligature, infection or a chip of prostate left behind in the prostatic bed.
      Diagnosis is sometimes difficult because these stones are not always radiopaque
      and they are not always seen on endoscopy. The interesting theoretical
      considerations concerning the etiology of these calculi and the measures that
      could be helpful in their prevention, such as meticulous postoperative care, are
      discussed.

PMID- 3712599
TI  - Urinary undiversion: indications, technique and results in 50 cases.
AB  - We present our experience with reconstruction of the diverted urinary tract in 50
      patients divided into 3 groups according to the presence of neurogenic bladder
      dysfunction, severe renal failure or normally innervated bladders and sphincters
      with normal renal function. The over-all success rate of anatomical and
      functional reconstruction was 88 per cent and we expect it ultimately to increase
      to 94 per cent. However, because of a 2 per cent mortality rate and a 16 per cent
      major complication rate, we recommend that all other therapeutic options be
      considered carefully before undertaking urinary undiversion when the
      reconstruction involves use of intestinal segments.

PMID- 3712600
TI  - Transient and persistent hyperplasia in heterotopically transplanted rat urinary
      bladders induced by formalin and foreign bodies.
AB  - The effects of formalin instillation or teflon bead insertion on heterotopically
      transplanted rat urinary bladders (HTBs) were investigated. A single instillation
      of 0.3 per cent formalin dissolved in 0.9 per cent NaCl into HTBs induced
      multifocal superficial ulcers which were quickly repaired by lateral spreading of
      regenerating cells migrating from the adjacent mucosa. This was associated with a
      sharp increase in labeling index (10-30 per cent) on days 1 and 2, followed by
      focal mild (up to five cell layers) simple hyperplasia (SH) on days 4 and 7.
      Repeated weekly instillation of formalin for 30 weeks induced only focal mild
      epithelial hyperplasia. Six weekly instillations of urine one day after formalin
      administration slightly enhanced the formalin-induced rise in labeling index.
      Insertion of teflon beads caused extensive diffuse remarkable changes, especially
      in the presence of urine: multifocal to diffuse SH (four to eight cell layers)
      and multifocal papillary or nodular hyperplasia was observed by six weeks. The
      results indicate that responses to formalin instillation are acute and transient,
      while reactions to bead insertion are persistent. In both cases, presence of
      urine appeared to enhance hyperplastic changes. These models of bladder injury,
      by inducing two different types of reactions in the bladder, may be useful in
      examining the role of trauma in bladder carcinogenesis.

PMID- 3712601
TI  - Photodynamic treatment of transplantable bladder tumors in rodents after
      pretreatment with chloroaluminum tetrasulfophthalocyanine.
AB  - Chloroaluminum tetrasulfophthalocyanine (AlPCS) was used as a photosensitizer for
      the photodynamic treatment of transplantable N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]
      formamide (FANFT) induced urothelial tumors. Two groups of six rats each were
      injected with AlPCS (three micrograms./gm. body weight) and 24 hours after
      injection underwent photodynamic treatment with red light (greater than 590 nm.,
      360 joules/cm.2). Tumors examined four hours (Group I) and 24 hours (Group II)
      after the completion of phototreatment showed extensive hemorrhagic necrosis.
      Tumors treated with AlPCS alone showed no changes. In two other groups of six
      rats each, blood flow to tumors treated with AlPCS alone (Group III) and AlPCS
      plus light (Group IV) was measured using the radioactive microsphere technique.
      AlPCS plus light resulted in a significant decrease (p less than .05) in tumor
      blood flow within 10 minutes of completion of phototreatment while AlPCS alone
      had no effect on tumor blood flow. These findings are similar to those observed
      when higher doses (10 micrograms./gm. to 20 micrograms./gm. body weight) of
      hematophorphyrin derivative (HpD) and light were used for phototreatment of FANFT
      induced tumors. AlPCS is a stable sulfonated derivative of
      tetraazotetrabenzoporphyrin which absorbs maximally in the red portion of the
      visible spectrum, a region with good tissue penetration properties. These studies
      suggest the AlPCS may be a useful new agent for photodynamic therapy of cancer.

PMID- 3712602
TI  - Comparison of 2-mercaptopropionylglycine and D-penicillamine in the treatment of
      cystinuria.
AB  - We have compared 2-mercaptopropionylglycine (MPG) with D-penicillamine in its
      capacity to reduce the urinary excretion of cystine by patients with cystinuria.
      Satisfactory ion-exchange chromatographic methods for the measurement of urinary
      MPG, D-penicillamine, cystine and the cysteine-disulfides of the two drugs have
      been developed, and we have established the time course of the excretion of these
      substances after oral intake of each drug. MPG was found to be approximately one
      and a half times as effective as D-penicillamine, both in reducing urinary
      excretion of free cystine and in the amounts of mixed disulfide which appeared in
      the urine.

PMID- 3712603
TI  - Calcium oxalate precipitation in a flow system: an attempt to simulate the early
      stages of stone formation in the renal tubules.
AB  - This paper describes in vitro studies on the generation of supersaturation and
      the early stages of calcium oxalate (CaOx) precipitation using a reverse osmosis
      hollow-fiber membrane to simulate the precipitation processes occurring in the
      distal convoluted tubule and the collecting system of the kidney. The article
      reports on the preliminary results of using a plug-flow configuration to simulate
      the reabsorption of water and generation of supersaturation during the
      approximately three-minute biological residence time of the urine in the upper
      part of the urinary tract. The results suggest that microcrystallization of CaOx
      . 2H2O in the renal tubules may play a role in stone formation processes. A
      survey of the effect of various inhibitors of CaOx precipitation indicates that
      pyrophosphate, magnesium, glutamic acid, heparin and citric acid reduce the
      tendency of CaOx crystals formed to agglomerate in this system.

PMID- 3712604
TI  - Hemodynamics of papaverine- and phentolamine-induced penile erection.
AB  - We investigated the hemodynamic changes induced in the canine corpora cavernosa
      by intracorporeal injection of papaverine or phentolamine. In six dogs studied,
      papaverine profoundly increased the resistance to venous outflow, whereas
      phentolamine (an alpha-adrenergic blocker) had little or no effect. In four other
      dogs, flow within the internal pudendal artery was measured with an ultrasonic
      flow probe placed directly on the artery. Papaverine increased arterial flow by
      300 to 700 per cent over baseline levels, whereas the increase with phentolamine
      was only 50 to 100 per cent. We conclude that papaverine, by virtue of its direct
      smooth-muscle-relaxing properties, has a dual hemodynamic effect: it decreases
      the resistance to arterial inflow, thereby allowing large increases in the flow
      of blood into the penis during tumescence; and increases the resistance to venous
      outflow. Phentolamine only decreases the resistance to arterial inflow, more
      modestly than papaverine, and does not increase the resistance to venous outflow.

PMID- 3712605
TI  - A prospective study of antisperm antibody development in acute epididymitis.
AB  - The association between acute epididymitis and development of antisperm
      antibodies was investigated by the gelatin agglutination technique in
      prospectively collected serum samples from 27 patients. Agglutinating antisperm
      antibodies, mainly of the IgG class, were detected in seven men (27 per cent), a
      significantly increased frequency compared to prevalences previously found among
      blood donors and men from infertile couples. The antibodies developed de novo in
      four patients (15 per cent). The increased incidence of positive sera and the
      kinetics of the antibody responses strongly indicate a causal link between acute
      epididymitis and autoimmunization against spermatozoa. In the majority of the
      patients the antibody titers were low, being of only theoretical importance in
      respect to later fertility.

PMID- 3712606
TI  - The Mainz pouch (mixed augmentation ileum and cecum) for bladder augmentation and
      continent diversion.
AB  - The surgical technique for construction of the Mainz (mixed augmentation ileum
      and cecum) ileocecal pouch for bladder augmentation or continent urinary
      diversion focuses on 3 functional features: creation of a low pressure reservoir
      of adequate capacity from cecum and 2 ileal loops, which are split open
      longitudinally, antirefluxing ureteral implantation into cecum or ascending
      colon, achieved by a standard submucosal tunnel technique, and in cases of
      bladder augmentation continence depends on competence of the bladder neck and
      urethral closure mechanisms, while in urinary diversion continent closure of the
      pouch is achieved by isoperistaltic ileoileal intussusception or implantation of
      an alloplastic stomal prosthesis. Of 11 patients with Mainz pouch bladder
      augmentation (5 of which were undiversions) 10 are completely dry day and night
      with normal intervals of bladder evacuation. Two patients with myelomeningocele
      are on intermittent catheterization for bladder evacuation, while the remainder
      void spontaneously without significant residual urine. Of 12 patients with Mainz
      pouch urinary diversion 6 have an ileoileal intussusception valve and are
      completely continent, as are 3 of 4 with an alloplastic stomal prosthesis. Two
      patients still are awaiting implantation of a sphinteric prosthesis.

PMID- 3712607
TI  - Immunoultrastructural demonstration of prostatic acid phosphatase isoenzyme 2 in
      prostatic carcinoma.
AB  - Human prostatic acid phosphatase isoenzyme 2 (HPAcP-2) was isolated from semen.
      This purified enzyme was immunized to rabbit to produce polyclonal antibodies.
      The specificity of the antibodies was tested by Western blot transfer method.
      Rabbit IgG-peroxidase conjugate was prepared from the antiserum and used to
      localize HPAcP-2 in prostatic carcinoma. It was found that in the tumor glandular
      acinus the normal basal cells were replaced by tumor cells containing reaction
      product. In the tumor cells, the reaction product was seen in the cisternae of
      rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus. The secretory vesicles
      which contained reaction product-stained granules and some amorphous material
      were seen to fuse with the apical plasma membrane and discharged their content
      into the glandular lumen. On the other hand, some secretory vesicles in the tumor
      cells facing to the basement membrane also discharged their similar content into
      the extracellular spaces. Reaction product-stained granules were found in the
      interstitial spaces surrounding the tumor cells. These findings suggest that
      HPAcP-2 is synthesized on the bound ribosomes and discharged into the cisternae
      of rough ER. The molecules are transported to the Golgi cisternae. After
      concentration and packaging, HPAcP-2 molecules are then transferred to the
      secretory vesicles, and discharged into the glandular lumen and to the
      extracellular spaces. The isoenzyme released in the extracellular space may reach
      the blood stream through the interstitial spaces or the lymphatic system,
      resulting in the elevation of serum HPAcPase level in some prostatic cancer
      patients.

PMID- 3712608
TI  - Urothelial injury to the rabbit bladder from various alkaline and acidic
      solutions used to dissolve kidney stones.
AB  - Different irrigating solutions are used clinically to dissolve uric acid, cystine
      and struvite stones. These studies were undertaken to assess the toxicity to the
      rabbit bladder epithelium of several commonly used formulations. Test solutions
      were infused antegrade through a left ureterotomy overnight. Bladders were
      removed and routine histological sections made. A pH 7.6 solution of NaHCO3
      appeared harmless. The same solution with two per cent acetylcysteine produced
      slight injury. All pH 4 solutions caused significant damage to the urothelium.
      Hemiacidrin, which contains magnesium, produced less damage than did other pH 4
      solutions without that cation. Our data tend to support Suby's conclusions that
      addition of magnesium reduces urothelial injury even though the presence of
      magnesium will slow dissolution of struvite.

PMID- 3712609
TI  - Le bag: total replacement of the bladder using an ileocolonic pouch.
AB  - Creation of an ileocolonic pouch for total bladder replacement is described in 4
      patients, resulting in a highly compliant, low pressure bladder. Previous
      experience with bowel segments for bladder augmentation and replacement have been
      plagued by unpredictable bowel contractions with urinary incontinence as well as
      potential for renal damage. A reliable method to achieve a highly compliant, low
      pressure system requires disruption of directional bowel peristalsis, which this
      technique has succeeded in achieving. The operative technique, bowel dynamics,
      renal status and clinical results are described. The ileocolonic pouch offers a
      low pressure reservoir for total replacement of the bladder in selected patients.

PMID- 3712610
TI  - Treatment of carcinoma of the penis: the case for primary lymphadenectomy.
AB  - There were 65 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis followed for a
      minimum of 5 years. Patients with stage I disease uniformly survived with local
      treatment only. Of the patients with stages II and III carcinoma of the penis 88
      and 66 per cent, respectively, were free of disease if lymphadenectomy was
      performed shortly following treatment of the primary lesion, compared to only 38
      and 0 per cent, respectively, if the primary lesion was treated locally and no
      lymphadenectomy was performed. These data support the concept that
      lymphadenectomy should be an integral part of the primary treatment in patients
      with stages II and III penile cancer.

PMID- 3712611
TI  - The significance of vasitis nodosa.
AB  - Vasitis nodosa is an infrequently recognized, benign disorder that may be
      confused with malignancy of the vas deferens. A review of 30 patients with vasal
      masses removed during vasovasostomy revealed 20 men with vasitis nodosa. Of the
      patients 15 had vasal masses on physical examination, 1 of which was painful. Of
      the 20 patients with vasitis nodosa 14 had associated granulomatous inflammation.
      Vasitis nodosa is notably more common than has been reported previously and has
      been associated with spontaneous recanalization of the vas deferens following
      vasectomy.

PMID- 3712612
TI  - Radiation therapy as adjuvant treatment after radical prostatectomy: patient
      tolerance and preliminary results.
AB  - For the last 7 years we administered therapeutic doses of radiation therapy as
      adjuvant treatment after radical prostatectomy in 45 patients at high risk for
      recurrence, that is patients with pathological stage C (seminal vesicle invasion)
      or stage D1a (microscopic involvement of the resected pelvic lymph nodes)
      disease. All of the patients have been followed for at least 2 years. Short-term
      and long-term complications were minimal; only 2 patients had significant
      sequelae that were managed satisfactorily. There has been no local recurrence
      after mean followups of 62 and 48 months for patients with stages C and D1a
      disease, respectively. The actuarial 5-year survival rate free of disease was 79
      per cent for patients with stage C and 72 per cent with stage D1a cancer.

PMID- 3712613
TI  - Chronological variation in the chemical composition of upper urinary tract
      calculi.
AB  - From 1953 to 1984 upper urinary tract calculi obtained by operation or
      spontaneous discharge were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy. A review of the
      stone compositions for each 4-year interval from 1953 to 1984 showed a decreased
      incidence of magnesium ammonium phosphate-containing stones from 1961 and later.
      The incidence of these stones was approximately 20 per cent before 1960 and
      approximately 10 per cent after 1961, although the percentage increased again
      after 1973, especially in female patients. The decreased percentage after 1961
      coincided with a decrease in the ratio of renal-to-ureteral stones. The
      development of antibiotics might have had an important role in the variation of
      stone compositions.

PMID- 3712614
TI  - Clinical results of allopurinol treatment in prevention of calcium oxalate stone
      formation.
AB  - Allopurinol in a daily dose of 300 mg. was administered to 99 patients with
      calcium oxalate stone disease. Treatment was started irrespective of urine
      composition and was continued for up to 8 years. Only 43 per cent of the patients
      treated for 5 or more years remained free of further stone formation, a result
      not better than observations in untreated stone patients. When patients were
      subgrouped with respect to recurrent or nonrecurrent stone formation during
      treatment, the former group, besides being followed for longer intervals than the
      latter group, had a urine composition suggesting a higher crystallization risk.
      We concluded that with the possible exception of hyperuricosuria or hyperuricemia
      the indication for allopurinol treatment of recurrent calcium oxalate stone
      disease is weak. The results also demonstrate clearly the problems combined with
      evaluation of prophylactic medical therapy in patients with calcium stones. The
      necessity of long-term followup and analysis of the biochemical risk situation is
      emphasized.

PMID- 3712615
TI  - Partial nephrectomy using a new dissecting instrument.
AB  - The kidney is made of friable parenchyma with flexible blood vessels and
      collecting system structures. A dissecting clamp with interlacing blunt teeth was
      designed that, by repeated action of closing and opening over the renal
      parenchyma, crushes and dissects away the friable tissue, leaving the blood
      vessels and collecting system structures intact. Thus, individual ligation of
      blood vessels and collecting system structures can be performed at the line of
      resection. We report our experience in 10 dogs and 1 patient in whom partial
      nephrectomy was performed with this instrument.

PMID- 3712616
TI  - Continent urinary diversion: variations on the Mitrofanoff principle.
AB  - In 1980 Mitrofanoff described a continent urinary diversion, consisting of the
      bladder with a surgically closed bladder neck emptied by intermittent
      catheterization of the appendix, which had its distal end implanted in a
      submucosal nonrefluxing fashion in the bladder and its proximal end brought out
      as an inconspicuous stoma. Alternatively, Mitrofanoff described a high
      transureteroureterostomy in which the distal end of the ureter was brought out as
      a catheterizable stoma. The theme of this approach is the creation of an adequate
      capacity storage reservoir that is emptied intermittently by the catheterization
      of a small caliber conduit implanted in a nonrefluxing manner in the reservoir.
      In addition to the Mitrofanoff procedure, we have modified the principle in a
      variety of clinical situations and report 10 cases to demonstrate the value of
      this new concept in continent urinary diversion.

PMID- 3712617
TI  - Complete patent duplication of the urethra.
AB  - We reviewed 16 patients with complete patent duplication of the urethra seen
      between 1945 and 1984. The clinical presentation, radiographic findings and
      management of each patient are presented. All 16 patients were symptomatic and a
      double stream was the most common complaint. An operation was necessary in 13
      patients. Voiding cystourethrography and retrograde urethrography were necessary
      to define the anatomy completely and accurately in each patient. The ventral
      channel, regardless of the position of the meatus, invariably proved to be the
      more functional urethra.

PMID- 3712618
TI  - The anatomical course of the neurovascular bundles in epispadias.
AB  - References on the anatomical course of the neurovascular bundles of the penis in
      epispadias are rare. We studied the anatomy of the neurovascular bundles in 5
      patients undergoing primary epispadias repair and 13 adolescents undergoing
      correction of erectile deformities. In all primary cases the neurovascular
      bundles were truly lateral as they ran along the distal and middle portions of
      the corporeal bodies, and became anterolateral only proximally. The bundles were
      identified in only 5 of 13 secondary cases and were in the same position as in
      the primary cases. Knowledge of this anatomy is important to protect these
      structures from surgical injury in cases of epispadias and exstrophy.

PMID- 3712619
TI  - Assessment of a retroperitoneal mass by magnetic resonance imaging in a 65-year
      old woman.

PMID- 3712620
TI  - Continent urinary diversion.

PMID- 3712621
TI  - Percutaneous nephrostolithotomy: complications of premature nephrostomy tube
      removal.
AB  - Nephrostomy tube urinary drainage is important in the initial postoperative
      period after 1-stage percutaneous nephrostolithotomy. We report 2 cases in which
      nephrostomy tube drainage was not used after rapid removal of simple upper
      urinary tract calculi. The complications incurred resulted in prolonged
      hospitalization and marked patient discomfort.

PMID- 3712622
TI  - Emphysematous pyelonephritis caused by Candida albicans.
AB  - We report a case of emphysematous pyelonephritis that was proved by histological
      examination and culture to be caused by Candida albicans. The fungal infection
      caused ureteral obstruction. Nephrectomy alone resulted in complete recovery.

PMID- 3712623
TI  - Spontaneous intraperitoneal rupture of a kidney in a patient with tuberous
      sclerosis.
AB  - A case is reported of spontaneous intraperitoneal rupture of a kidney in a
      patient with tuberous sclerosis who presented with left renal colic and left
      lower quadrant abdominal pain.

PMID- 3712624
TI  - Prolactin secreting renal cell carcinoma.
AB  - We report a case of hyperprolactinemia and long-standing gynecomastia associated
      with a hypernephroma. After radical nephrectomy serum prolactin returned to
      normal and remained so for 4 years without evidence of tumor recurrence.
      Potential explanations for the observed concurrent findings and the literature
      are discussed.

PMID- 3712625
TI  - Bifid blind-ending ureters.
AB  - There have been scattered cases of bifid blind-ending ureters reported in the
      literature. We report 2 cases of unilateral bifid blind-ending ureter, 1 of which
      was in a bilateral complete duplex system.

PMID- 3712626
TI  - Single ectopic ureter causing incontinence after childbirth.
AB  - A woman presented with urinary incontinence after traumatic delivery owing to a
      single right ectopic ureter. The management of this rare condition in adulthood
      is reviewed.

PMID- 3712627
TI  - Vesical calculi associated with vesicovaginal fistulas: management
      considerations.
AB  - Vesical calculi were detected in 5 patients with a vesicovaginal fistula. Of
      these patients 3 had undergone unsuccessful repair of the fistula previously. The
      predisposing factors for vesical calculous formation in patients with a
      vesicovaginal fistula in whom urine leaks continuously into the vagina and
      urinary stasis does not occur in the bladder, as in patients with neurogenic
      bladder dysfunction or bladder outlet obstruction, are a foreign body (for
      example nonabsorbable suture material used during previous surgery), incrustation
      around an indwelling catheter and infection. The vesical calculus is removed
      transvaginally after enlarging the fistula by a vertical incision at the 6
      o'clock position. The incised edges do not usually bleed because of fibrosis and
      scar formation, and they need not be approximated at that operation. Indwelling
      catheter drainage is not necessary after transvaginal cystolithotomy in this
      situation. This operation is preferable to suprapubic cystolithotomy, which may
      lead to more morbidity from urine leakage in the retropubic space and subsequent
      fibrosis, in addition to producing bladder scarring, hindering any future
      reconstructive surgery requiring the use of vesical flaps. Transvaginal
      cystolithotomy is contraindicated when the fistula is situated close to the
      bladder neck (for fear of damaging the bladder neck and the vesical continence
      mechanism) or when the stone is large. Repair of the fistula is undertaken after
      an interval of 3 months to allow for resolution of stone-induced edema and
      friability of the vesical wall.

PMID- 3712628
TI  - Multifocal pigmentation of prostatic and bladder urothelium.
AB  - Multifocal pigmentation of the bladder and prostatic urothelium is described in 2
      white men. The light microscopic, electron microscopic and histochemical
      characterization of these foci identified the contained pigment as melanin.

PMID- 3712629
TI  - Intestinal strictures complicating preoperative radiation therapy followed by
      radical cystectomy.
AB  - Between January 1975 and January 1981, 100 patients with invasive bladder cancer
      were evaluated for therapy. Of these patients 51 were selected for treatment with
      preoperative radiation therapy followed by radical cystectomy. Of 36 patients who
      actually completed the integrated therapy 4 (11 per cent) had clinical intestinal
      strictures. Three strictures occurred more than 24 months and 1 less than 6
      months postoperatively. Strictures involved the colon in 3 cases and the ileum in
      1. An operation was required in 2 cases. We present these 4 cases, and discuss
      the pathophysiology and treatment of the radiation-injured intestine. Our
      experience suggests that preoperative radiation therapy in conjunction with
      radical cystectomy may be associated with the development of clinically
      significant bowel injury. This factor should be considered in the decision to
      combine preoperative radiation therapy with radical cystectomy in the treatment
      of bladder cancer.

PMID- 3712630
TI  - Catheterization of synthetic vascular grafts.
AB  - One hundred nine percutaneous catheterizations of synthetic vascular grafts in 89
      patients who had angiographic procedures were reviewed to determine the risk of
      major complications. Ninety-six of the catheterizations were inserted into the
      inguinal portion of aortofemoral grafts. There were no instances of hematoma,
      graft infection, aneurysm formation, suture line disruption, or embolic events
      distal to the puncture site. One local thrombus developed within a vascular graft
      that was corrected by a simple thrombectomy performed with a surgical catheter.
      One puncture site required 2 hours of compression to maintain hemostasis. Because
      of the extremely low risk of complications from catheterization of synthetic
      vascular grafts, it is the preferred route for angiographic procedures when the
      native femoral arterial route is unavailable.

PMID- 3712631
TI  - The influence of repeated carotid plaque hemorrhages on the production of
      cerebrovascular symptoms.
AB  - Single carotid intraplaque hemorrhage has been related to the occurrence of
      cerebrovascular ischemic symptoms. We were unable to reproduce these findings;
      therefore, our patient population was reinvestigated to ascertain the importance
      of repeated plaque hemorrhages and their possible relationship to the production
      of neurologic symptoms. Eighty-five consecutive patients underwent 95 carotid
      endarterectomies. Plaques were separated into three groups: those from patients
      with lateralizing symptoms, nonlateralizing symptoms, and no symptoms. All the
      plaques were inspected microscopically for evidence of hemorrhage, specifically,
      repeated hemorrhages. Repeated hemorrhages were found in 29 of 44 plaques (66%)
      in the lateralizing symptom group, 6 of 19 (32%) in the nonlateralizing symptom
      group, and 12 of 32 (37%) in the no symptom group. We conclude that repeated
      rather than single intraplaque hemorrhage is the critical factor related to the
      production of specific cerebrovascular ischemic symptoms.

PMID- 3712632
TI  - Seeding of arteriovenous prostheses with homologous endothelium. A preliminary
      report.
AB  - Endothelial cell seeding of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE)
      arteriovenous prostheses was performed to compare seeding with homologous vs.
      autologous cells and to study the effect of homologous seeding with a larger vs.
      a smaller number of cells. Sixteen dogs were randomly assigned to four equal
      groups: I, control; II, light homologous seeded; III, heavy homologous seeded;
      and IV, autologous seeded. Bilateral femoral arteriovenous loop grafts were
      inserted in all. Efficiency of seeding was assessed by cell counts of instilled
      vs. retained cells. All grafts remained patent and were harvested approximately 8
      weeks after implantation. Samples were evaluated grossly by scanning electron
      microscopy and light microscopy. There was a direct correlation between number of
      cells instilled and number retained for each graft; group III received and
      retained the largest number (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.05,
      respectively). The amount of thrombus deposition on the lumen of all grafts was
      grossly the same. Endothelium was demonstrated in samples obtained from the
      midgraft of groups III and IV; in contrast no endothelium was seen in groups I
      and II. The percentage of endothelialized surface was not determined. No
      immunologic cellular reaction was detected in any of the samples. We conclude
      that in the animal laboratory it is possible to seed e-PTFE arteriovenous
      prostheses successfully with homologous cells and to improve the efficiency of
      seeding by implanting a larger number of cells obtained from an endothelial cell
      bank. The potential applications of this technique to the clinical field are
      discussed herein.

PMID- 3712633
TI  - Abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in patients with preoperative renal failure.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of preoperative renal
      failure on the outcome of patients undergoing infrarenal abdominal aortic
      aneurysm (AAA) repair. Of 251 patients undergoing AAA repair from 1977 to 1984,
      10% had evidence of preoperative chronic renal failure. These patients were
      classified according to their preoperative serum creatinine values; group I had
      preoperative creatinine levels of 2 to 4 mg/dl, group II had creatinine levels
      greater than 4 mg/dl but no history of hemodialysis, and group III consisted of
      patients on chronic hemodialysis before operation. One of 16 patients in group I
      developed transient high-output renal failure postoperatively. Four of the six
      patients in group II (67%) developed significant postoperative deterioration of
      renal function and required acute hemodialysis. Of the four patients in group III
      maintained on chronic hemodialysis preoperatively, one died of sepsis from an
      ischemic colon. This experience suggests that patients with mild renal
      dysfunction (serum creatine value less than 4 mg/dl) can undergo elective AAA
      repair without additional morbidity. Patients on hemodialysis before operation
      can also safely undergo surgical repair of their AAAs electively if dialyzed the
      day before operation. Patients with severe renal dysfunction (serum creatinine
      greater than 4 mg/dl) who are not on hemodialysis should be considered for
      dialysis preoperatively in an attempt to reduce the high incidence of serious
      postoperative renal functional deterioration and subsequent morbidity.

PMID- 3712634
TI  - Compartmental pressure monitoring after arterial reconstruction lacks clinical
      relevance.
AB  - Anterior compartmental intramuscular pressure was studied by the continuous
      infusion technique during and after arterial reconstruction of the abdominal or
      lower extremity vessels in 23 patients. Although there were significant
      differences between the mean pressures in those patients who had proximal or
      distal arterial reconstruction, the mean pressure did not increase in the
      sequential preocclusion, occlusion, and postoperative periods during a mean
      follow-up of 26 hours in proximal reconstructions and 19 hours in distal
      reconstructions. One patient had pressures consistent with a borderline
      compartmental syndrome but died of a ruptured left ventricle before complete
      correlation of the clinical course and pressures could be made. We conclude from
      this study that although routine measurement of compartmental pressures during
      arterial reconstruction of the lower extremities yields interesting findings, it
      makes no important contribution to the clinical management of the patient.

PMID- 3712635
TI  - Mechanisms of arterial graft failure. II. Chronic endothelial and smooth muscle
      cell proliferation in healing polytetrafluoroethylene prostheses.
AB  - In a previous study of arterial bypass grafts (4 mm polytetrafluoroethylene
      [PTFE]) in baboons we observed that endothelial and smooth muscle cells (SMCs)
      formed the neointima and were derived from the cut edges of adjacent artery. The
      purpose of this study was to determine at late times whether endothelial cells
      would continue to migrate and to proliferate to cover the graft surface and
      whether the underlying proliferating SMCs would produce a progressively thickened
      intima, graft stenosis, and eventual thrombosis. At 6 and 12 months after grafts
      were placed, endothelial coverage by ingrowth from the anastomoses was more
      advanced than at 3 months, and by 12 months 60% of grafts (7 to 9 cm in length)
      were covered. Endothelial cells proliferated in association with the growing edge
      and focally in other regions. Underlying SMCs proliferated in the region of the
      growing edge of the endothelial cells and also at anastomoses. Intimal cross
      sectional area was greatest at anastomoses and at late times was principally due
      to an increase in connective tissue; actual SMC mass remained constant after 3
      months. These results demonstrated slow but progressive healing of the grafts by
      ingrowth of endothelium. There was also an increased turnover rate of SMCs and
      endothelial cells in established intima at late times, which might be the
      consequence of chronic endothelial injury. This condition represents a stable
      state since it does not produce further intimal thickening and accumulation of
      SMCs and does not lead to a high rate of thrombosis.

PMID- 3712637
TI  - The influence of surgical specialty and caseload on the results of carotid
      endarterectomy.
AB  - Carotid endarterectomy is rapidly becoming one of the most commonly performed
      major surgical operations in the United States, in part because of the greater
      availability of noninvasive techniques to accurately diagnose extracranial
      carotid arterial disease and a low reported morbidity and mortality. We
      retrospectively reviewed the records for all carotid endarterectomies performed
      in the greater Cincinnati area for a recent 12-month period and examined the
      impact of surgical specialty and operative caseload on the results. Altogether,
      750 operations were performed on 656 patients by 61 surgeons working in 16
      general medical-surgical hospitals. Overall, strokes occurred in 5.1% of all
      patients; 2.3% of patients died. Symptomatic patients had a significantly higher
      risk of suffering a postoperative stroke compared with asymptomatic patients
      (6.5% vs. 3.7%), although the risk of death was virtually identical (2.4% vs.
      2.1%). When the operating surgeons were classified into four types on the basis
      of their previous training, no statistically significant differences in either
      postoperative stroke or death could be identified. Furthermore, when the surgical
      caseloads of these physicians were grouped into three categories (i.e., less than
      12 each year, more than 50 each year, and a group between these two extremes), no
      significant differences in outcome were seen. We concluded that our community
      wide results for carotid endarterectomy were not comparable to those previously
      published from specialized centers and that these results did not appear to be
      influenced by the type of formal surgical specialty or operative caseload.

PMID- 3712636
TI  - Protamine pretreatment attenuation of hemodynamic and hematologic effects of
      heparin-protamine interaction. A prospective randomized study in human beings
      undergoing aortic reconstructive surgery.
AB  - Hemodynamic and hematologic responses to protamine sulfate reversal of heparin's
      anticoagulant effects were studied in 15 consecutive randomized patients
      undergoing aortic reconstructive surgery. In a double-blinded manner, patients
      were pretreated with either normal saline solution (n = 8) or protamine (0.75
      mg/kg/3 min, n = 7) 5 minutes before heparinization (150 IU/kg). After aortic
      grafts were placed, protamine (1.5 mg/kg/3 min) was administered intravenously to
      reverse the heparin. Arterial blood pressure, heart rate, pulmonary artery and
      capillary wedge pressure, central venous pressure, and cardiac output were
      monitored, as were platelet count, white blood cell count, activated clotting
      time, total hemolytic complement levels, and C3a levels. Calculated parameters
      included systemic vascular resistance and pulmonary vascular resistance.
      Pretreatment with protamine compared with saline solution prevented the
      hypotension (+6 vs. -16 mm Hg, p less than 0.05) and declining pulmonary artery
      pressure (+1 vs. -7 mm Hg, p less than 0.01) observed with protamine reversal of
      heparin. Significant differences between the two groups in central venous
      pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance were of less clinical relevance.
      Protamine pretreatment lessened the thrombocytopenia found during reversal
      compared with saline-pretreated patients although the difference was not
      statistically significant. Minimal hypotension occurring after protamine
      pretreatment alone was not accompanied by hemodynamic or hematologic changes,
      other than decreased heart rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3712638
TI  - Diagnosis of arteriovenous fistula by venous oxygen saturation: case report.
AB  - Peripheral arteriovenous fistulas may produce significant deleterious hemodynamic
      effects yet their diagnosis may not be obvious. A case is described in which the
      diagnosis of peripheral arteriovenous fistula was suspected from pulmonary artery
      catheterization data. The fistula was then localized by means of venous
      catheterization performed at bedside and determination of oxygen content of
      venous blood above and below the fistula.

PMID- 3712639
TI  - Femoral vein valve incompetence: treatment with a xenograft monocusp patch.
      Preliminary report.
AB  - A 36-year-old woman with chronic venous insufficiency of the lower extremities
      underwent successful venous valve reconstruction with prosthetic bovine monocusp
      patches in the superficial femoral and great saphenous veins. Postoperative
      valvular competence is evident in Doppler studies, photoplethysmography,
      phlebography, and clinical improvement after a 15-month follow-up.

PMID- 3712640
TI  - Perigraft seroma: simple solution to a difficult problem.

PMID- 3712641
TI  - Antibodies to marine caliciviruses in the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus
      divergens Illiger).
AB  - Sera from 155 Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens Illiger), sampled in
      the Chukchi Sea during the summer of 1983, were tested for serum neutralizing
      (SN) antibodies to six marine calicivirus serotypes. Serotypes tested included
      San Miguel sea lion virus (SMSV) types 1, 5, 8, and 10, previously isolated from
      northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus Linne) in the Bering Sea; walrus
      calicivirus (WCV), previously isolated from walrus feces collected off sea ice in
      the Chukchi Sea; and Tillamook calicivirus (TCV), a bovine isolate from Oregon of
      suspected marine origin. No antibodies were found to SMSV-1, SMSV-10, or TCV.
      Antibodies to SMSV-5 were found in two animals (titers 1:20 and 1:160);
      antibodies to SMSV-8 were found in four animals (all 1:20); and antibodies to WCV
      were found in one animal (titer 1:40). Antibodies to WCV have been found in the
      Pacific walrus previously; however, this represents the first report of
      antibodies to any of the SMSV serotypes in this marine mammal.

PMID- 3712642
TI  - Experimental anaplasmosis in American bison: persistence of infections of
      Anaplasma marginale and non-susceptibility to A. ovis.
AB  - Blood collected 314 and 496 days after experimentally infecting splenectomized
      and spleen-intact American bison (Bison bison) with Anaplasma marginale was
      infective for splenectomized bovine steers. The pathogenesis was identical to
      that seen in bovine studies using bovine blood inoculations. A splenectomized
      bison remained normal clinically, hematologically and serologically for 10 mo
      after repeated inoculation of ovine blood infected with A. ovis.

PMID- 3712643
TI  - Antimicrobial susceptibility of Edwardsiella ictaluri.
AB  - Edwardsiella ictaluri isolates collected over the past 7 yr from outbreaks of
      disease in fish occurring in different geographic areas were screened against 37
      antimicrobial agents. Edwardsiella ictaluri were found to be susceptible to most
      agents active against gram negative bacteria such as aminoglycosides,
      cephalosporins, the "newer" penicillins, quinolones, tetracyclines,
      chloramphenicol, nitrofurantoin, and potentiated sulfonamides. Resistance was
      observed against colistin, sulfonamides, and several agents regarded as effective
      for gram positive bacteria. There was no evidence of unusual antimicrobial
      resistance associated with E. ictaluri or of developing resistance.

PMID- 3712644
TI  - Antibodies to Brucella spp. among blue wildebeest and African buffalo in Kenya.
AB  - A serologic survey of blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus Burchell) and
      African buffalo (Syncerus caffer Sparrman) in the Masai Mara area was conducted.
      Antibodies to Brucella spp. were found in 18% of the blue wildebeest and 30% of
      the African buffalo examined. There were titers in all age groups and in both
      sexes. Hygromata were seen in both species. The increase in numbers of blue
      wildebeest and African buffalo which share grazing and watering areas with cattle
      of the Masai people, makes the presence of infections by Brucella spp. in
      wildlife an important consideration in any program for control of brucellosis.

PMID- 3712645
TI  - Effect of concurrent infections of Lernaeocera Branchialis (Copepoda) and
      Trypanosoma murmanensis (Protozoa) on Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua.
AB  - A study was initiated to ascertain the prevalence, effect and interaction of the
      adult stages of the parasitic copepod, Lernaeocera branchialis, on Atlantic cod
      concurrently infected with a hematozoan, Trypanosoma murmanensis, by comparing
      condition (K) factor, organ somatic indices, hematological values and lipid
      concentrations of the liver from infected and uninfected fish of comparable
      length. Prevalence of the copepod varied from 9 to 21% and was highest in fish
      examined on the southern coast of Newfoundland. Body condition and blood values
      were significantly lower in young cod infected with two parasites whereas only K
      factor was altered in two size classes parasitized by one copepod. Although lipid
      concentrations were similar in three length groups of fish without and infected
      with L. branchialis, the pooled values were significantly greater among the
      infected group. Mortality occurred only in juvenile cod infected with the copepod
      and T. murmanensis concurrently. Cod which survived dual infections had lower K
      factor and blood values than controls or fish harboring single, parasitic
      infections. It is concluded that an infection with an adult L. branchialis does
      not impair the health of fish in this area of the northwestern Atlantic Ocean,
      but the presence of T. murmanensis concurrently can potentiate its effect.

PMID- 3712646
TI  - Gyrodactylus salmonis (Yin and Sproston, 1948) parasitizing fry of Salvelinus
      fontinalis (Mitchill).
AB  - Fry of brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill), were infected under
      controlled conditions with Gyrodactylus salmonis (Yin and Sproston, 1948) and the
      course of infection followed for 22 days in four groups of 40 fish and for 60
      days in a group of 200 fish. Between 15 and 44% mortality occurred among infected
      groups compared with less than 5% in noninfected control groups. Intensely
      infected moribund fish were cachexic, lethargic, and often darkened in color.
      Histologic studies revealed that intensely infected fish had a thinner epidermis
      with fewer goblet cells than control fish. Internally the only obvious lesions
      involved the kidney where there was extensive tubular degeneration and necrosis.
      It is hypothesized that attachment and grazing activity by G. salmonis can lead
      directly to death of fry through disruption of the osmotic permeability of the
      epidermis. There was no evidence of secondary invasion by bacteria or fungi.

PMID- 3712647
TI  - Pathogenesis associated with philornid myiasis (Diptera: Muscidae) on nestling
      pearly-eyed thrashers (Aves: Mimidae) in the Luquillo Rain Forest, Puerto Rico.
AB  - Pathogenesis of myiasis due to the muscid fly Philornis deceptivus in nestling
      pearly-eyed thrashers (Margarops fuscatus) in the Luquillo Rain Forest, Puerto
      Rico was investigated. Philornid larvae penetrated the host integument, underwent
      a period of development and growth, and established, as third instar larvae,
      between the dermis and the body musculature. Movement into this location plus
      growth and development of the fly larva appeared to be linked to the ingestion of
      host tissues including red blood cells, mononuclear cells which infiltrated from
      focal accumulations adjacent to the lesion, and necrotic cellular debris which
      accumulated in the lesion. The resultant increase in size of the larvae greatly
      displaced the host integument. Following the evacuation of the larvae for the
      purpose of pupation, repair of the cavernous lesion was initiated with the
      production of an intense organized fibrinous exudate. Macrophages and plasma
      cells predominated with vascular congestion in surrounding tissues. Over the 21
      day nest period, nestlings were subject to successive infestations of large
      numbers of larvae and host responses to these appeared to significantly debit an
      energy budget responsible for nestling development and growth. Nestling mortality
      and post fledging survivorship appeared linked to the impact of these energy
      demands.

PMID- 3712648
TI  - Effects on fawn survival of multiple immobilizations of captive pregnant white
      tailed deer.
AB  - Fawn viability was tested in captive, pregnant white-tailed deer (Odocoileus
      virginianus) immobilized with xylazine hydrochloride and ketamine hydrochloride
      and reversed by yohimbine hydrochloride or tolazoline hydrochloride. Nine
      pregnant does were immobilized 10 times each from December 1984 to May 1985.
      Their mean parturition date was 8 June. The number of fawns produced per pregnant
      doe was 1.88. Mean weight of newborn fawns was 4.18 kg. Seventy-five percent of
      the does produced twins or triplets. Three (20%) fawns died postnatally within 48
      hr, but the remaining 12 survived for the full 72 hr they were allowed to remain
      with their dams. These observations compare favorably with those of non
      immobilized captive deer on similar diets.

PMID- 3712649
TI  - Survival of Pasteurella multocida in soil and water in an area where avian
      cholera is enzootic.

PMID- 3712650
TI  - Infection in an Australian wood duck by a spore-forming bacterium.

PMID- 3712651
TI  - Isolation of Salmonella spp. from a colony of wading birds.

PMID- 3712652
TI  - Survey for antibodies against various infectious disease agents in muskoxen
      (Ovibos moschatus) from Jamesonland, Northeast Greenland.

PMID- 3712653
TI  - Cryptosporidium in a wild cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus floridanus).

PMID- 3712654
TI  - A Sphaerospora-like myxosporidean from the kidneys of Atlantic salmon (Salmo
      salar).

PMID- 3712655
TI  - Infestations of lice on white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, in the Great
      Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee, USA.

PMID- 3712656
TI  - Ectoparasites from birds in Newfoundland.

PMID- 3712657
TI  - Helminths of lagomorphs in South Dakota.

PMID- 3712658
TI  - Cestodes of freshwater farmed fishes in Iraq.

PMID- 3712659
TI  - The occurrence of Theromyzon rude (Annelida: Hirudinea) in association with
      mortality of trumpeter swan cygnets (Cygnus buccinator).

PMID- 3712660
TI  - Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma in a beached California sea lion (Zalophus
      californianus).

PMID- 3712661
TI  - Anomalies of the skull of a white-tailed deer fawn from Maine.

PMID- 3712662
TI  - Rupture of a dissecting aneurysm of the pulmonary trunk in a beluga whale
      (Delphinapterus leucas).

PMID- 3712663
TI  - Salmonid whirling disease: status in the United States, 1985.

PMID- 3712664
TI  - Dysphagia management means diagnosis, exercise, reeducation.

PMID- 3712665
TI  - Multidisciplinary approach aids successful swallowing.

PMID- 3712666
TI  - Progress in research, therapy of Prader-Willi syndrome, but numerous challenges
      remain to be overcome.

PMID- 3712667
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Ectopic pregnancy--United States, 1981-1983.

PMID- 3712668
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Ammonia contamination in a milk processing plant--Wisconsin.

PMID- 3712669
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Blood lead levels among office workers--New York City.

PMID- 3712670
TI  - Killing forests to cure tobacco.

PMID- 3712671
TI  - Legislative action on tobacco and smoking.

PMID- 3712672
TI  - Smoking areas are ineffective in sick buildings.

PMID- 3712673
TI  - Use of smokeless tobacco among adolescents.

PMID- 3712675
TI  - Ketoconazole and the yeast connection.

PMID- 3712674
TI  - Emergency maneuver in high-altitude pulmonary edema.

PMID- 3712677
TI  - Drugs as a cause of fixed, dilated pupils after resuscitation.

PMID- 3712676
TI  - Urinary glycosaminoglycan excretion and microalbuminuria in diabetes.

PMID- 3712678
TI  - Cigarette smoking and invasive cervical cancer.
AB  - A case-control study of 480 patients with invasive cervical cancer and 797
      population controls, conducted in five geographic areas in the United States,
      included an evaluation of the relationship of several cigarette smoking variables
      to cervical cancer risk. Although smoking was correlated with both age at first
      intercourse and number of sexual partners, a significant smoking-related risk
      persisted for squamous cell carcinoma after adjustment for these factors
      (relative risk, 1.5). The risk of squamous cell cancers increased significantly
      with intensity and duration of smoking. Twofold excess risks were seen for those
      smoking 40 or more cigarettes per day and those smoking for 40 or more years. In
      addition, users of nonfilter cigarettes were at particularly high risk. Increased
      risks, however, were observed only among recent and continuous smokers. In
      contrast to squamous cell cancer, no relationship was observed between smoking
      and risk of adenocarcinoma or adenosquamous carcinoma (n = 63). These results
      suggest a causal relationship between cigarette smoking and invasive squamous
      cell cervical cancer, perhaps through a late-stage or promotional event, although
      the mechanisms of action require further elucidation.

PMID- 3712679
TI  - Breast milk jaundice in the newborn. A real entity.
AB  - I have reviewed clinical trials that provide data relative to the comparative
      rates, means, or odds ratio of jaundiced normal breast-fed newborns vs jaundiced
      normal formula-fed newborns. A pooled analysis of 12 studies revealed moderate
      jaundice (serum bilirubin level, greater than or equal to 12 mg/dL) in 514 of
      3,997 breast-fed vs 172 of 4,255 formula-fed newborns. An analysis of six of
      these 12 studies demonstrated severe jaundice (serum bilirubin level, greater
      than or equal to 15 mg/dL) in 54 of 2,655 breast-fed vs ten of 3,002 formula-fed
      newborns. Eleven of 13 studies found breast-fed newborns to have a higher mean
      serum bilirubin level. One study of 12,023 newborns found a significant (odds
      ratio, 1.80) relationship between breast-feeding and jaundice of the newborn. In
      conclusion, breast-feeding is one common cause of jaundice in normal newborns in
      the first week of life and beyond.

PMID- 3712680
TI  - Retropharyngeal soft-tissue swelling in an elderly man.

PMID- 3712681
TI  - Physical dependence on nicotine in gum. A placebo substitution trial.
AB  - To test whether ex-smokers become physically dependent on nicotine in gum, we
      entered eight ex-smokers who were using nicotine gum into a randomized, double
      blind, placebo-substitution trial. When placebo was substituted, seven of the
      eight subjects were observed to have withdrawal symptoms and two relapsed to
      smoking or nicotine gum. This result suggests that physical dependence (ie,
      withdrawal) may be a cause of behavioral dependence on nicotine gum (ie, use of
      gum beyond the recommended period) and physicians should emphasize the need for
      gradual reduction of nicotine gum.

PMID- 3712682
TI  - Several efforts focus on closing black/white health gap.

PMID- 3712683
TI  - Task force pinpoints sources of excess deaths in blacks.

PMID- 3712684
TI  - Government agencies act on task force findings.

PMID- 3712685
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Perspectives in disease prevention and health promotion:
      Report of the Secretary's Task Force on Black and Minority Health.

PMID- 3712686
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Epidemiologic notes and reports: homicide--Los Angeles, 1970
      1979.

PMID- 3712687
TI  - Testing for drugs.

PMID- 3712689
TI  - Malignant hyperthermia.

PMID- 3712688
TI  - Impaired vision in dim light.

PMID- 3712690
TI  - Serum creatine kinase screening for susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia.

PMID- 3712691
TI  - Hot flushes in a 76-year-old man.

PMID- 3712693
TI  - Stress, the colon, and diverticulosis.

PMID- 3712692
TI  - Leukemia and radium groundwater contamination.

PMID- 3712694
TI  - Inhibition of mediator release by azatadine.

PMID- 3712695
TI  - Paint pellet purpura: a peril for pistol-packing paramilitary personnel.

PMID- 3712696
TI  - Prospective study of perinatal transmission of Chlamydia trachomatis.
AB  - During a five-year period, 262 (4.7%) of 5,531 pregnant women had positive
      cervical cultures for Chlamydia trachomatis, and 131 of their infants were
      followed up prospectively to ascertain the outcome of chlamydial exposure during
      the birth process. Culture-confirmed inclusion conjunctivitis of the newborn was
      seen in 23 (18%) of the infants. Chlamydial pneumonia was diagnosed in 21 (16%)
      of the infants at risk. Chlamydia trachomatis was recovered from 47 of the
      infants (36%), while 79 (60%) showed serologic evidence of infection. Subclinical
      rectal and vaginal infections were detected in 14% of infants at risk. In our
      population, 2.8% of newborn infants show serologic evidence of perinatal
      chlamydial infection and 1.4% develop either chlamydial pneumonia or
      conjunctivitis. Incidence rates of this magnitude indicate the need for programs
      aimed at preventing perinatal transmission of C trachomatis.

PMID- 3712697
TI  - Blindness in Saudi Arabia.
AB  - The prevalence and etiology of visual loss and of eye diseases were determined in
      the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The sample was a stratified geographic cluster
      sample of 14,577 persons representing the settled population of Saudi Arabia. A
      nonstatistical sample of 2,233 bedouins was also examined. The survey revealed
      that 1.5% of the population are blind and another 7.8% are visually impaired
      according to the World Health Organization definition. The most common causes of
      blindness include cataract, trachoma, nontrachomatous corneal scars, refractive
      errors, congenital anomalies, failed medical or surgical treatment, and glaucoma.
      Refractive errors, amblyopia, and trauma are also important causes of less
      severe, and often unilateral, lost vision. About 7% of all Saudi Arabians, and
      42% of those older than 40 years, have a cataract or its sequelae. Over 3.5% of
      the population have corneal scars, about half of which are caused by trachoma.

PMID- 3712698
TI  - Choice of cancer therapy varies with age of patient.
AB  - We used data on 22,899 cancer cases collected by the New Mexico Tumor Registry to
      examine the relationship between patient age and the use of potentially curative
      therapy for cancers of selected sites and acute leukemias. For cancers of most
      sites, either local or regional stage, the proportion of cases receiving
      potentially curative therapy declined with age. For local-stage cancers, the
      proportion not given any treatment increased with age. Overall mortality rates
      during the first year after diagnosis were much higher for local-stage cases
      without treatment than for those who received treatment. These data show that
      cancer therapy varies with age and suggest that decision making regarding therapy
      is influenced by the presence of other diseases.

PMID- 3712699
TI  - Attachment behavior in hospitalized patients.

PMID- 3712700
TI  - Ophthalmia neonatorum: diagnosis and treatment--why not prevention?

PMID- 3712701
TI  - Finding new models for medicine.

PMID- 3712702
TI  - Blindness in Saudi Arabia.

PMID- 3712704
TI  - Continuing education opportunities for physicians. September 1986 through
      February 1987.

PMID- 3712703
TI  - Interdisciplinary efforts seek hypertension causes, prevention, therapy in
      blacks.

PMID- 3712706
TI  - Drunken driving.

PMID- 3712705
TI  - Pulmonary edema fluid protein in high-altitude pulmonary edema.

PMID- 3712707
TI  - Alcohol and the driver.

PMID- 3712708
TI  - Fireworks-related injuries, King County, Washington, 1983 to 1985.

PMID- 3712709
TI  - Interference by phenazopyridine with the leukocyte esterase dipstick.

PMID- 3712710
TI  - Sniffing up trouble: adhesive tape remover pads.

PMID- 3712711
TI  - Renal fat emboli, maltese crosses, and heart surgery.

PMID- 3712712
TI  - Early repair of mechanical complications after acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - Acute mitral regurgitation and ventricular septal defect after myocardial
      infarction are devastating complications with high mortality. Surgical
      intervention is warranted for these entities, but the timing of operation remains
      controversial. In a previous retrospective study of patients with acute mitral
      regurgitation, we concluded that early emergency operation be undertaken. We
      describe nine patients subsequently seen at the Mayo Clinic (seven with acute
      mitral regurgitation and two with acute ventricular septal defect) who underwent
      emergency operation within four days of evaluation. Four patients were operated
      on within four hours after the onset of their complications. All patients
      survived the perioperative period. Eight of nine are alive and well over a mean
      follow-up period of 9.7 months. We recommend early surgical repair of mechanical
      complications after acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3712713
TI  - A twin study of human obesity.
AB  - Height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were assessed in a sample of 1974
      monozygotic and 2097 dizygotic male twin pairs. Concordance rates for different
      degrees of overweight were twice as high for monozygotic twins as for dizygotic
      twins. Classic twin methods estimated a high heritability for height, weight, and
      BMI, both at age 20 years (.80, .78, and .77, respectively) and at a 25-year
      follow-up (.80, .81, and .84, respectively). Height, weight, and BMI were highly
      correlated across time, and a path analysis suggested that the major part of that
      covariation was genetic. These results are similar to those of other twin studies
      of these measures and suggest that human fatness is under substantial genetic
      control.

PMID- 3712714
TI  - Adverse reactions to antiarrhythmic drugs during therapy for ventricular
      arrhythmias.
AB  - We analyzed the incidence of adverse reactions to antiarrhythmic drugs in 123
      consecutive patients with a history of sustained ventricular tachycardia or
      ventricular fibrillation. Blood levels were measured serially and were maintained
      within the usual therapeutic range. Minor reactions were defined as those that
      required dosage reduction and major reactions as those that required drug
      discontinuation or permanent pacing for bradycardia. A total of 237 individual,
      oral drug trials were evaluated in the 123 patients. Adverse reactions were noted
      in 79 trials (33%). Fifty-nine (48%) of the 123 patients had one or more adverse
      reaction. Major reactions were noted in 36 patients (29%). Adverse effects
      occurred during 49% of trials with mexiletine hydrochloride, 44% of trials with
      amiodarone, 24% of trials with procainamide hydrochloride, and 18% of trials with
      quinidine sulfate or gluconate. In conclusion, clinically significant adverse
      reactions are common during drug therapy for ventricular arrhythmias. These
      observations indicate that with the drugs used in this study, an acceptable risk
      benefit ratio will be possible only in patients at a significant risk for a
      symptomatic arrhythmia. Antiarrhythmic drug therapy in patients at low risk for
      serious arrhythmia should be discouraged.

PMID- 3712715
TI  - Faculty practice plans. Profile and critique.
AB  - In 1910, the Flexner report signaled the end of commercialism in American medical
      schools, only to have it reappear in 1931. Between 1960 and 1985, access to
      federal, state, and private-sector funds paid to medical service plans in all 127
      medical schools led to almost a 20-fold increase in faculty practice plan (FPPs)-
      from six to 118. All 127 US medical schools were surveyed. Wide swings in federal
      funding policies left medical schools with a defective management model,
      particularly for FPPs. Disposition of collected revenues, the role of for-profit
      FPPs, the personally lucrative nature of FPPs, an unwieldy number of fairly
      autonomous departments, ineffective governance, and hostile opposition from other
      parts of the university have raised questions of conflict of interest and
      accountability. Some 75 years after the Flexner report, a thorough evaluation of
      the effects of commercialism on medical education once again appears to be
      warranted.

PMID- 3712716
TI  - Statement on hypertension in the elderly. The Working Group on Hypertension in
      the Elderly.
AB  - Research indicates that isolated systolic hypertension, as well as diastolic
      hypertension, is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in people over
      age 65. According to data from the 1976 to 1980 National Health and Nutrition
      Examination Survey, the prevalence of these combined types of hypertension
      (greater than or equal to 140/90 mm Hg) is estimated to be 64% in persons aged 65
      to 74 years, with an even higher prevalence in blacks (76%) than in whites (63%).
      Although a number of studies have demonstrated the benefits of antihypertensive
      therapy in elderly patients, many questions unique to this population remain
      unanswered. This article addresses several of these issues and presents
      recommended guidelines on topics such as the pressure at which treatment should
      be initiated, goal pressure for people over age 65, antihypertensive drugs of
      choice and appropriate dosages, the accuracy of indirect measurements, side
      effects specific to elderly patients, and the effect of treatment on the quality
      of life.

PMID- 3712717
TI  - The resuscitation of near-drowning victims.

PMID- 3712718
TI  - Ventricular tachycardia associated with non-freon aerosol propellants.
AB  - A previously well 2-year-old child presented with seizures and ventricular
      tachycardia shortly after playing with an aerosol can of a well-known proprietary
      deodorant. She required intensive care and survived without sequelae. The
      propellants used in this product were isobutane, n-butane, and propane. The
      propellants have been thought to be safer than the previously used Freons, which
      were known to be cardiotoxic and neurotoxic. Significant exposure was confirmed
      by the detection of n-butane and isobutane in the patient's serum. We conclude
      that unintentional exposure to non-Freon aerosol propellants in a nonconfined
      space can be hazardous to children. Aerosol cans should be considered to
      represent toxic hazards and should be kept out of reach of children.

PMID- 3712719
TI  - Risk/benefit considerations in antiarrhythmic therapy.

PMID- 3712721
TI  - Experience with the Hickman catheter: unusual complications and suggestions for
      their prevention.
AB  - With the expanding clinical use of the Hickman catheter, new complications have
      emerged. This report describes two such complications: one in an adult with
      postplacement malposition and a second in a child with a ballooning double-lumen
      catheter. The risk of postplacement malposition can be reduced by placing the
      catheter's tunnel as medial as possible; the risk of material malfunction can be
      reduced by careful quality control and careful surgical technique.

PMID- 3712720
TI  - Endocrine mediators of metabolism associated with injury and sepsis.
AB  - We have studied the endocrine characteristics of 13 seriously ill patients with
      the use of a provocative intravenous glucose bolus. Notable in this stressed
      patient population was that no major interpatient differences in response to
      glucose were found for insulin, glucagon, cortisol, or epinephrine. However,
      following glucose challenge half of this group (7/13) exhibited a prominent
      "paradoxical" mean human growth hormone (hGH) elevation (26.4 +/- 9.3 microU/ml)
      whereas the others (6/13) exhibited only a minor increase (7.8 +/- 2.9
      microU/ml). In addition, norepinephrine levels were significantly higher in the
      latter group suggesting that the adrenergic nervous system plays a major role in
      regulating hGH in stress.

PMID- 3712722
TI  - Massive azoturia and failure to achieve positive nitrogen balance in a botulism
      patient.
AB  - Observations of a patient with botulism requiring mechanical ventilatory support
      for 59 days and hospitalization for approximately 3 months are reported. During
      the time of greatest muscular paralysis, urinary urea nitrogen excretion exceeded
      20 g per day. This degree of azoturia was thought to be due to obligate loss of
      lean body tissue secondary to paralysis and not to stress or starvation related
      demands. A contributing factor to the magnitude of azoturia was the presence of a
      large premorbid body frame and muscle mass. The nutritional goal was not to
      achieve nitrogen balance but to maintain visceral protein stores. As the patient
      improved neurologically, the azoturia decreased allowing a positive nitrogen
      balance with a rebuilding of skeletal muscle.

PMID- 3712723
TI  - Knotting and entanglement of multiple central venous catheters.
AB  - A 53-yr-old black male was admitted with peripheral vascular disease and septic
      shock. Appropriate cardiopulmonary resuscitation and operative intervention
      required the placement of multiple central venous lines. These included two
      subclavicular central venous pressure (CVP) catheters and one Swan-Ganz catheter
      (SGC). During manipulation of the SGC, it formed a knot with the two CVP
      catheters entangled in it. After consideration of the variety of strategies that
      could be employed, the CVP catheters were manually disengaged from the knot and
      the knot was surgically removed. The increasing frequency and multiple central
      angioaccess catheters will result in a finite increase in the nature and
      complexity of the clinical challenges. The insistence on the use of multiple
      single-channel catheters for separate therapeutic functions and the duration of
      stay of pulmonary catheters should be reconsidered.

PMID- 3712724
TI  - Indirect calorimetry in chair-adapted primates.
AB  - This paper describes the construction of an indirect calorimeter for measurement
      of respiratory gas exchange in the chaired primate. Preliminary determinations of
      energy expenditure and respiratory quotient in five animals under a variety of
      dietary conditions suggest that this system will prove useful in the laboratory
      study of primate nutrition, energy metabolism, and cardiorespiratory physiology.
      Other possible uses and limitations are discussed.

PMID- 3712725
TI  - [A study in interaction of d-tubocurarine and succinylcholine using evoked
      electromyography in man].

PMID- 3712726
TI  - [The roles of the spinal serotonergic system in the nociceptive threshold and
      morphine-induced analgesia in mice].

PMID- 3712727
TI  - [Effect of maltose Na-acetate solution on peri- and post-operative carbohydrate
      metabolism--a comparison with glucose Na-lactate solution].

PMID- 3712729
TI  - [The role of catecholamines in the spinal analgesic system. I. Analgesic action
      of norepinephrine added to epidural anesthesia].

PMID- 3712728
TI  - [Upper thoracic epidural block for peripheral facial paralysis].

PMID- 3712730
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of phenol following phenol block].

PMID- 3712731
TI  - [Urinary excretion of fentanyl and its metabolites at high-dose infusion].

PMID- 3712732
TI  - [Cardiovascular effects of ketamine and fentanyl in combination with droperidol
      in humans].

PMID- 3712733
TI  - [Effect of the calcium entry blockers nicardipine and nimodipine on cerebral
      function following global anoxia in the rat].

PMID- 3712734
TI  - [Effects of lipid peroxidation inhibitors on endotoxemic rats].

PMID- 3712735
TI  - [Respiratory care of elderly patients during general anesthesia].

PMID- 3712736
TI  - [Effect of methylprednisolone on cerebrovascular permeability in the rat].

PMID- 3712737
TI  - [Effects of OKY 046 on responses to norepinephrine in rat mesenteric arterioles].

PMID- 3712738
TI  - [Urinary catecholamine excretion during upper-abdominal surgery in patients with
      hypertension].

PMID- 3712739
TI  - [Effects of hypotension anesthesia on hepatic blood flow and hepatic metabolism].

PMID- 3712740
TI  - [The role of thromboxane A2 in shock. I. Endotoxic shock].

PMID- 3712741
TI  - [Cervical, thoracic, and lumbar epidural pressure and spread of epidural
      analgesia following the drip infusion technic].

PMID- 3712742
TI  - [Uptake, distribution and elimination of inhalation anesthetics and their
      analysis using a personal computer. II. Need for a high concentration and flow
      rate for slow induction with N2O].

PMID- 3712743
TI  - [Transluminal extraction of a broken catheter from the right side of the heart].

PMID- 3712744
TI  - [Serial observations on the evoked potential in a patient recovering from
      prolonged semicoma following cardiac arrest and resuscitation].

PMID- 3712745
TI  - [Contracture response to isoflurane and pentazocine in muscles of a patient with
      malignant hyperthermia].

PMID- 3712746
TI  - [A theoretical analysis of cardiac function curve. 2. Derivation of a formula
      representing the cardiac output curve--from Suga's theory].

PMID- 3712747
TI  - [Studies on antimicrobial concentration of clindamycin phosphate in serum, pelvic
      dead space exudate, and pelvic organs/tissues].
AB  - In women undergoing radical and total abdominal hysterectomy, clindamycin
      phosphate (CLDM-P) in a dose of 1,200 mg was administered by intravenous drip
      infusion over 1 hour and the drug concentrations in serum and pelvic dead space
      exudate, as well as pelvic organs/tissues, were determined over time. The
      following results were obtained: The serum concentration of clindamycin (CLDM)
      after intravenous infusion showed the peak value of 24.54 +/- 7.02 micrograms/ml
      at the end of infusion and then gradually decreased to 3.87 +/- 0.70
      micrograms/ml in 6 hours. Concentration in pelvic dead space exudate, which was
      2.82 +/- 3.90 micrograms/ml at the end of intravenous infusion, gradually
      increased to the peak value of 13.49 +/- 6.62 micrograms/ml in 1 hour. Two hours
      after infusion, the level of 12.43 +/- 5.56 micrograms/ml outstripped serum
      concentration. Continuously in excess of serum concentration, the exudate
      concentration gradually decreased to 6.65 +/- 2.27 micrograms/ml at 6 hours after
      infusion. Cubital venous serum concentration (16.36 +/- 3.68 micrograms/ml) was
      almost equal to uterine arterial serum concentration (16.36 +/- 4.05
      micrograms/ml) of CLDM at uterine removal. In the pelvic organ/tissue
      concentrations, 15.71 +/- 3.86 micrograms/g in endometrium was highest, followed
      by 15.19 +/- 3.80 micrograms/g in oviduct, 14.80 +/- 3.52 micrograms/g in
      myometrium, 14.74 +/- 4.02 micrograms/g in ovary, 14.09 +/- 2.90 micrograms/g in
      portio vaginalis. The concentration was lowest (11.49 +/- 1.44 micrograms/g) in
      cervix uteri. Clinically, combined treatment with CLDM-P and ceftizoxime was
      excellently effective for endometritis induced by P. asaccharolyticus.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3712748
TI  - Toxicological studies on (2"R)-4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin, a new antitumor
      antibiotic. Subacute toxicity study in rats.
AB  - (2"R)-4'-O-Tetrahydropyranyladriamycin X HCl (THP), a new anthracycline antitumor
      antibiotic, was administered to Sprague-Dawley rats intraperitoneally for 13
      weeks. In rats receiving 0.4 mg/kg/day, piloerection, emaciation, loose feces and
      thickening of the injection site were evident, and 7 males and 2 females died
      after week 12. Inferior body weight gain was observed in both sexes starting week
      4 approximately 6. The food consumption also decreased. Hematological examination
      revealed lower counts of total leucocyte and lymphocyte. At termination there
      were lower spleen, thymus and testes weights, thickening of the walls of the
      intestine and stomach, gastric ulceration, presence of ascitic fluid, and
      congestion and thickening at the injection site. Decreases in the lymphocyte
      populations of the thymus, spleen and lymph nodes were observed microscopically.
      A decrease in the number of hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow and a
      degeneration of the germinal epithelium in the testes were also seen, as were
      gastrointestinal disturbances. These treatment-related effects were mainly
      confined to rats receiving 0.4 mg/kg/day and to a lesser extent, to rats
      receiving 0.1 mg/kg/day. The effects on rats receiving 0.025 mg/kg/day were only
      at the microscopic level. No rats receiving 0.006 mg/kg/day were toxicologically
      affected.

PMID- 3712749
TI  - Toxicological studies on (2"R)-4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin, a new antitumor
      antibiotic. Its subacute toxicity and recovery study in beagle dogs.

PMID- 3712750
TI  - Toxicological studies on (2"R)-4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin, a new antitumor
      antibiotic. Its subacute toxicity in male beagle dogs.

PMID- 3712751
TI  - Toxicological studies on (2"R)-4'-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin, a new antitumor
      antibiotic. Chronic toxicity study in rats.
AB  - (2"R)-4'-O-Tetrahydropyranyladriamycin X HCl (THP), a new anthracycline antitumor
      antibiotic, was administered to Sprague-Dawley rats (each group 20 rats)
      intraperitoneally at dosages of 0.001, 0.008, 0.06 and 0.3 mg/kg/day for 53
      weeks. Piloerection, loose feces or perianal staining and thin or emaciated build
      were observed from week 12 in rats receiving 0.06 or 0.3 mg/kg/day. All rats
      receiving 0.3 mg/kg/day and 3 males and 1 female receiving 0.06 mg/kg/day died or
      were prematurely sacrificed in the period from weeks 13 to 44. The overall food
      consumption and body weight gain of both sexes receiving 0.06 or 0.3 mg/kg/day
      were lower than those of the controls. Hematological examination showed low
      leucocyte counts, disturbance in neutrophil and lymphocyte number and low
      erythrocytic characteristics in animals receiving 0.06 or 0.3 mg/kg/day. At
      necropsy, macroscopic changes were found at the injection site, throughout the
      gastrointestinal tract and in the male reproductive system in rats receiving 0.06
      or 0.3 mg/kg/day. Microscopic examination revealed decrease in the small
      lymphocyte population in the hematopoietic and lymphoid system in rats receiving
      0.008 to 0.3 mg/kg/day. Degeneration of the germinal epithelium of the
      subcapsular tubules of the testes, gastric ulceration, epithelial adnexal atrophy
      of the skin and chronic cellulitis and necrosis at the injection sites were also
      observed. No rats receiving 0.001 mg/kg/day were affected in these respects.

PMID- 3712752
TI  - Toxicological studies on (2"R)-4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin, a new antitumor
      antibiotic. Its chronic toxicity in beagle dogs.

PMID- 3712753
TI  - [A study on the effect of (2"R)-4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin, a new antitumor
      antibiotic, on reproduction. I. Its effect on the fertility of rats].
AB  - The effect of a new antitumor antibiotic on the fertility was studied using SD
      rats. (2"R)-4'-O-Tetrahydropyranyladriamycin (THP) was administered to each rat
      at 0.01, 0.03 or 0.1 mg/kg daily. Males were given the drug intravenously for 63
      days prior to mating and during the mating period; females were given the drug
      intravenously from 14 days prior to mating until day 7 of pregnancy. All the
      pregnant rats were sacrificed on day 20 of pregnancy, followed by external,
      visceral and skeletal observations of their fetuses. Results were summarized as
      follows. THP, at 0.1 mg/kg, suppressed body weight gain in females during the
      late period of pregnancy but did not affect body weight gain in males. THP, at
      0.1 mg/kg, increased the numbers of dead fetuses and of resorptions. It caused no
      external, visceral or skeletal anomalies at any dose levels. The results suggest
      that, in rats, the maximum "no effect" dose of THP is 0.03 mg/kg/day
      intravenously regarding fertility and fetal development.

PMID- 3712754
TI  - [A study of the effect of (2"R)-4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin, a new antitumor
      antibiotic, on reproduction. II. Its teratogenicity in rats and rabbits].
AB  - This paper describes the embryotoxicity and teratogenic effects of (2"R)-4'-O
      Tetrahydropyranyladriamycin (THP). The drug was administered intravenously to
      female rats at 0.01, 0.03, 0.1 or 0.3 mg/kg daily from day 7 to day 17 of
      pregnancy and to female rabbits at 0.01, 0.05 or 0.1 mg/kg daily from day 6 to
      day 18 of pregnancy. Results were summarized as follows. Rats THP, at the highest
      dose of 0.3 mg/kg, decreased body weight gains of pregnant females. This dose
      caused a decrease in body weights of fetuses, tendencies to increase the rate of
      death of fetuses or of resorption, an increase in the number of lumbar vertebrae
      and a delayed ossification of forelimbs of fetuses. Other parameters were not
      affected by THP at any dose levels. At any dose levels, THP did not produce
      external, visceral or skeletal malformations in the offspring (F1), nor did it
      affect the development, physiological functions, behavior, mating, fertility or
      pregnancy of the offspring. However, at the highest dose level, THP decreased the
      weight of testes of the offspring. The results suggest that the maximum "no
      effect" dose level of THP to pregnant females and offspring is 0.1 mg/kg/day
      intravenously. Rabbits The highest dose of THP, 0.1 mg/kg, decreased the
      consumption of food and water by pregnant females, but at any dose levels, it did
      not affect their body weight gain. THP did not cause teratological effects such
      as external malformation or visceral and skeletal anomalies in the fetuses at any
      dose levels tested. The results suggest that the maximum "no effect" dose of THP
      is 0.05 mg/kg/day intravenously to pregnant females and above 0.1 mg/kg/day
      intravenously to fetuses.

PMID- 3712755
TI  - [A study on the effect of (2"R)-4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin, a new antitumor
      antibiotic, on reproduction. III. Its effects on perinatal and postnatal rats].
AB  - This paper describes effects of (2"R)-4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin
      hydrochloride (THP) on perinatal and postnatal rats. The drug was administered
      intravenously to female rats at 0.01, 0.03 or 0.1 mg/kg daily from day 17 of
      pregnancy to 21 days after delivery. Results were described below. At any dose
      levels tested, THP did not affect the body weight gain, food and water
      consumption by pregnant rats, and length of gestation period or delivery rate.
      However, at the highest dose level, THP decreased spleen weight. THP, at any dose
      levels, did not have toxic effect on development, physiological functions,
      behavior, mating, fertility or pregnancy of the first generation offspring (F1).
      At the highest dose of 0.1 mg/kg, however, THP produced delayed ossification of
      sacrococcygeal vertebra in the second generation fetuses (F2). The results
      suggest that the maximum "no effect" dose of THP to pregnant rats and offsprings
      is 0.03 mg/kg/day intravenously.

PMID- 3712756
TI  - [General pharmacology of (2"R)-4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin, a new antitumor
      antibiotic].
AB  - General pharmacology of (2"R)-4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin hydrochloride
      (THP) was studied in experimental animals. Intravenous administration of THP
      showed no significant effect on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, such
      as blood pressure, heart rate, ECG and respiration in anesthetized rabbits and
      dogs. But in rats and cats, THP produced a transient decrease in blood pressure
      resulted from vasodilation. The hypotension was not inhibited by antihistaminics.
      Contraction of isolated guinea-pig atria was stimulated by THP at high
      concentrations (10(-4) g/ml). THP inhibited the spontaneous movement of isolated
      rabbit ileum and rat uterus (virgin and pregnant) at high concentrations (10(-4)
      g/ml). In some isolated guinea-pig ileum preparations, THP partially (6
      approximately 36%) antagonized the contraction inducing by acetylcholine,
      histamine, serotonin and barium chloride. Urine volume and urinary excretion of
      electrolytes were increased by intravenous injection of 5.0 mg/kg THP. Vascular
      permeability was progressed when administered intracutaneously. Hemolytic effect
      was shown at high concentrations (10(-4) g/ml) but no effect on the coagulation
      was found. No significant effect of THP was observed on the general behavior and
      central nervous system, autonomic nervous and peripheral nervous systems. Also,
      THP had no significant effect on gastrointestinal propulsion in mice, the mucous
      membranes of the stomach and duodenum of rats, or gastric acid and bile secretion
      in rats.

PMID- 3712757
TI  - [Effect of (2"R)-4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin, a new antitumor antibiotic, on
      the cardiac function of hamsters].
AB  - Cardiovascular effects of (2''R)-4'-O-tetrahydropylanyladriamycin X HCl (THP) and
      doxorubicin (adriamycin, ADM) were studied in hamsters. In experiments to observe
      acute effects, THP was administered intravenously at a dose of 12.5, 25.0 or 50.0
      mg/kg, and ADM at 1.56, 3.13 or 6.25 mg/kg was given to different subjects. The
      THP caused slight ECG alterations at a dose of 12.5 mg/kg. At a dose of 25.0
      mg/kg or 50.0 mg/kg, THP caused moderate to remarkable alterations in ECG like a
      widening of PR and PRc interval, A-V block, ST segment depression and T wave
      flattening. The ADM caused moderate to remarkable alterations in ECG at a dose of
      3.13 mg/kg or 6.25 mg/kg, including arrhythmia, bradycardia, A-V block, ST
      segment changes and T wave flattening. These changes caused by THP and ADM
      recovered within 5 approximately 10 minutes after injection. Alterations in the
      ultrastructure of the myocardium caused by THP at a dose of 50.0 mg/kg included
      some cells with slight changes like swelling of mitochondria, focal intracellular
      edema, and enlargement of myofibrils. The ADM, at a dose of 3.13 mg/kg, induced
      severer swelling of mitochondria than THP, dilatation of sarcoplasmic reticulum,
      intracellular edema, and disorganization of myofilaments. At a dose of 6.25 mg/kg
      of ADM, these changes became more pronounced. In experiments to observe subacute
      effects, hamsters were treated with THP or ADM by daily intraperitoneal
      injections for 15 consecutive days, and then allowed to be recovered for 15 days.
      Dose levels of THP or ADM were 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg. General toxicity,
      ECG, hematological and blood biochemical analysis, and electron microscopic
      examination were studied. In the ECG study, THP-treated hamsters showed a
      reversible elevation of R wave amplitude at a daily dose of 0.5 mg/kg. Widening
      of PR and PRc interval, elevation of R and S wave amplitude, and reduction of T
      wave amplitude were observed at a daily dose of 1.0 mg/kg of THP. Hamsters
      treated with ADM showed increase of heart rate, reduction of T wave amplitude,
      and shortening of PR and PRc interval at a daily dose of 0.5 mg/kg. Severe
      changes were observed at a daily dose of 1.0 mg/kg of ADM including an increase
      of heart rate, elevation of R wave amplitude, reduction of S and T wave
      amplitude, and shortening of QT interval. The electron microscopic examination
      revealed that THP-treated hamsters showed separation of intercalated discs,
      formation of myelin structure, and dilatation of T-tubules at a daily dose of 1.0
      mg/kg. Similar changes were caused by ADM at a daily dose of 0.25 to 1.0
      mg/kg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3712758
TI  - Acute local irritative effect of (2''R)-4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin, a new
      antitumor antibiotic.
AB  - (2"R)-4'-O-Tetrahydropyranyladriamycin hydrochloride (THP), a new antitumor
      antibiotic, was administered to rabbits at a concentration from 0.02 to 0.5% by
      instillation, or by intracutaneous, subcutaneous or intramuscular injection to
      study its local irritative effect. The irritative effect of THP increased with
      concentration. At a concentration of 0.5%, THP was irritant to the eye, skin and
      muscle but at a concentration of 0.1% practically no effect was observed. The
      effect was equal to or lower than that of doxorubicin. An instillation of 0.5%
      THP caused reversible irritation effect on the eye. Slight conjunctival responses
      (redness and chemoisis) were observed. Rinsing reduced the irritative effect.
      Intracutaneous injection of 0.1 ml of 0.5% THP caused well defined, moderate
      erythema, surface ulceration and dermal necrosis. Cutaneous muscle necrosis also
      occurred. At a concentration of 0.02%, dermal necrosis and inflammatory cell
      infiltration were observed. Erythema, as well as muscle necrosis and
      calcification with giant cell reaction and inflammatory cell infiltration were
      observed by an intramuscular injection at a concentration of 0.5%. Subcutaneous
      injection of 0.5% THP showed no irritative effect.

PMID- 3712759
TI  - [Effect of (2"R)-4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin, a new antitumor antibiotic, on
      the bone marrow function of rabbits. (1) Intravenous administration by a single
      bolus injection].
AB  - New Zealand White rabbits were treated with (2"R)-4'-O
      tetrahydropyranyladriamycin-HCl (THP), a new antitumor antibiotic, by an
      intravenous bolus injection at a dose of 1, 2 or 4 mg/kg. The peripheral
      leucocyte counts decreased markedly at doses of 2 and 4 mg/kg 1 to 7 days after
      injection, and the lymphocytes and neutrophils were affected. The nucleated cell
      count decreased in the bone marrow. Especially 3 days after injection, remarkable
      reductions of erythroids and immatured myelocytes were observed, with a
      subsequent rise of the matured myelocytes ratio in bone marrow cell constituents.
      These changes resulted in a marked increase of M/E ratio. Doxorubicin also showed
      an inhibitory effect on the bone marrow function of rabbits but the effect was
      slightly lower than THP. These changes of bone marrow cells reverted 7 days after
      injection and the recovery of the reduced peripheral leucocyte was also observed
      14 days after injection. Therefore, it can be concluded that THP showed
      suppressive but reversible effects on the bone marrow function of rabbits.

PMID- 3712760
TI  - [Effect of (2"R)-4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin, a new antitumor antibiotic, on
      the bone marrow function of rabbits. (2) Repeated intravenous injections].
AB  - (2''R)-4'-O-Tetrahydropyranyladriamycin-HCl (THP), a new antitumor antibiotic,
      was intravenously injected to New Zealand White rabbits at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg
      every 2 weeks for 6 weeks (3 courses) or at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day daily for the
      first 5 days of a 2-week course for 6 weeks (3 courses). The total dose was 7.5
      mg/kg in both dosing schedules. The peripheral leucocyte and erythrocyte counts
      decreased. The leucocyte count decreased to 57% of the initial count on Day 3 in
      the first course and then increased gradually. The decrease was smaller in the
      divided dosing schedule than the single dosing. The nucleated cells, especially
      immatured myelocytes and erythroids reduced remarkably. Subsequently the matured
      myelocyte ratio in bone marrow cell constituents increased and the M/E ratio
      increased. These changes were observed on Day 3 and reverted by Day 9 in each
      course. The divided dosing schedule resulted in a higher nadir. All the changes
      in the peripheral blood and the bone marrow reverted even after the 3 course
      treatment.

PMID- 3712761
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics and disposition of a new anticancer antibiotic (2''R)-4'-O
      tetrahydropyranyladriamycin in rats. Distribution and excretion after a single
      administration].
AB  - Blood levels, tissue distribution and excretion of (2''R)-4'-O
      tetrahydropyranyladriamycin (THP) were studied in rats received 14C-THP or
      unlabeled THP at a dose of 5 mg/kg, respectively. The THP disappeared rapidly
      from the blood and transferred to tissues immediately after an administration.
      Pharmacokinetic analysis of the plasma level of THP by the simulation according
      to a three-compartment open model provided large values of apparent volume of
      distribution in the tissue compartment. The plasma half-lives of THP in alpha,
      beta and gamma-phases were 0.25 minute, 0.241 hour and 5.11 hours, respectively.
      The THP was distributed to the lung and spleen at a level about 100 times as high
      as the plasma level after an intravenous administration. A high level of THP was
      also found in the lymph node and gland tissues. Concentrations of THP in many
      tissues decreased to 1 microgram/g or less 24 or 72 hours after an injection of
      the drug, while the drug remained at higher levels in the thymus, spleen and
      tumor for a long time. After an injection of THP into the carotid artery, its
      distribution to the brain was apparent, but the level was lower after an
      injection to the tail vein. The amount of the drug transferred to a fetus was
      less than 0.2% of the dose. The major route for the excretion of THP after an
      intravenous administration was the fecal excretion via bile. Ratios of excretion
      of the radioactivity in the feces, urine and expired air were 80.3, 5.6 and 9.7%
      of the dose, respectively, 168 hours after an injection of 14C-THP. About 65% of
      the radioactivity was excreted in the bile up to 24 hours after injection but THP
      itself accounted for only 1/6 of the total radioactivity. About 80% of the
      excreted THP in the bile was in a conjugated form. Enterohepatic circulation of
      THP was observed mostly as metabolites or decomposed products of THP.

PMID- 3712763
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and disposition of (2''R)-4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin in
      dogs.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics and physiological disposition of a novel anthracyclines,
      (2''R)-4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin (THP) were studied in dogs by an HPLC
      analysis. The THP administered intravenously (1.5 mg/kg) disappeared rapidly from
      the plasma immediately after an injection of the drug. The plasma level of THP
      was lowered in a triphasic pattern up to 24 hours and was simulated by a three
      compartment open model in which the half-lives of alpha-, beta- and gamma-phase
      were calculated to be 0.0116 hour, 0.152 hour and 7.02 hours, respectively. The
      blood cell level of THP was about 10 times as high as the plasma level during the
      observation. In the study of tissue distribution of THP 2 and 8 hours after the
      administration, the highest concentration of THP was found in the spleen and lung
      and these concentrations were diminished quickly. However, in the lymph nodes and
      bone marrow concentrations of THP increased with a lapse of time. THP and its
      metabolites were excreted in the bile by 2.7% of dose during 8 hours in the bile
      cannulated dogs. Urinary recovery of THP and its metabolites was about 1.3% of
      the dose up to 72 hours. In these experiment, THP was metabolized to THP-OH and
      ADM, and to aglycones which were excreted in conjugated forms. The results
      obtained from a similar study on ADM were compared and discussed.

PMID- 3712762
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics and disposition of a new antitumor antibiotic (2''R)-4'-O
      tetrahydropyranyladriamycin in rats. Distribution and excretion after multiple
      administration].
AB  - The accumulation of (2''R)-4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin (THP) was studied in
      rats received intravenous administration of 14C-THP at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day
      for 14 consecutive days by determining blood and tissue levels and the excretion
      of the radioactivity. The radioactivity levels in plasma and blood cells after
      the multiple administration were higher than those after single administration.
      The half-life of the radioactivity after the multiple administration was longer
      in the blood cells but not in the plasma than the half-life after a single
      administration. Tissue levels of the radioactivity after the multiple injection
      were 2 to 4 times as high as the levels after a single injection except for the
      brain and testes in which a large accumulation of the radioactivity was observed.
      However, little accumulation of unlabeled THP was found in most tissues when
      determined by HPLC. The accumulation of radioactivity in tissues, therefore, was
      due to metabolites of THP. The disposition of 14C-THP was also examined in rats
      which had previously received unlabeled THP (0.5 mg/kg/day) for 13 days. The
      pretreatment did not affect the disposition of 14C-THP seriously, although the
      pretreatment raised tissue levels slightly and a rebound of plasma level of 14C
      THP, and lowered the fecal excretion ratio. No induction of hepatic drug
      metabolizing enzymes was observed in rats after repeated administrations of THP
      for consecutive 14 days.

PMID- 3712764
TI  - [Surgical treatment of early gastric carcinoma].
AB  - From January 1965 until December 1982, early gastric carcinoma cases comprised
      765 of 2,235 curative resections and 17 of 620 noncurative resections, for a
      total of 782 cases. The rate of lymph node metastasis for mucosal carcinoma was
      1.2%, and that for submucosal carcinoma was 18.2%. Gastrectomy with removal of
      the second-group lymph node proved adequate for submucosal carcinoma. The five
      year survival rates for mucosal carcinoma and for submucosal carcinoma were 94.9%
      and 93.6% respectively. The rate of recurrence of mucosal carcinoma was 0.6%,
      against 2.5% for submucosal carcinoma. Adjuvant chemotherapy is necessary to
      obtain improved surgical results for submucosal carcinoma. Important factors
      affecting the recurrence of submucosal carcinoma are lymph node metastasis,
      macroscopic findings and histological findings. Ten out of 17 cases of
      noncurative resection had cancer cells at the resection margin, caused by
      inadequate resection.

PMID- 3712765
TI  - [Initial changes in the development of gastric cancer].
AB  - Among 123 cases of surgically resected stomachs bearing minute cancerous foci,
      which comprised 9.5% of all the early gastric cancers obtained, six cancerous
      foci with either intestinal type of diffuse-type histology showing the earliest
      changes of development were selected and the macroscopic and histological
      features of the foci were presented. Foci of the former type were found in the
      deepest layer of the gastric foveolae in severely metaplastic mucosa in a budding
      like growth pattern and tended to enlarge the area toward the surface of the
      mucosa, which resulted in tiny focal depressions of the affected mucosa. On the
      other hand, lesions of the latter type were found in the neck zone of the mucosa
      with little or no intestinal metaplasia and spread laterally into the surrounding
      mucosa by infiltrative growth as groups of signet-ring type cancer cells, which
      resulted in cancerous erosion of the affected mucosa.

PMID- 3712766
TI  - [A parallel study of CT findings and histopathology of metastatic liver tumors].
AB  - The relation between the CT findings and the histopathology of metastatic liver
      tumors was investigated in nine autopsy cases of liver metastases. In
      hypervascular and necrotic tumors, large necrotic lesions demonstrated by CT were
      almost consistent with the pathological findings, but small metastatic nodules
      were better identified on plain CT than those on contrast-enhanced CT. Postmortem
      CT examination of the liver obscured metastatic nodules as compared with
      diagnostic CT. Diffuse liver involvement of lymphoma cannot be identified on CT
      examination. Plain CT is considered to be useful for screening liver metastases.

PMID- 3712767
TI  - [Extracranial metastases of brain tumors--a case report and survey of patients
      with extracranial metastasis sampled from a report on pathological autopsy cases
      in Japan].
AB  - A 36-year-old man who suffered from recurrence of hemangiopericytoma originating
      in the cerebellar tentorium and multiple extracranial metastasis over 14 years
      was reported. Analysis of the 104 cases of extracranial metastasis sampled from
      the Annual of the Pathological Autopsy Cases in Japan revealed that the frequency
      of extracranial metastasis is 3.8% of all brain tumors. Extracranial metastasis
      was frequently found in medulloblastoma, glioblastoma multiforme, malignant
      meningioma and ependymoma. Organs of frequent metastasis were the lung, bone,
      liver, pleura, and kidney. Bone metastasis was especially frequent in the
      vertebra.

PMID- 3712768
TI  - [Treatment of oral carcinoma in elderly patients--case reports and associated
      problems].
AB  - Three very elderly patients (more than 90 years old) suffering from oral
      carcinoma are reported with a discussion concerning complications of treatment
      and safety of surgery. In all cases, pretreatment with chemotherapy and/or chemo-
      and radiotherapy could be uncomplicatedly followed by surgery to excise the
      primary lesion done neck dissection. In one case, however, surgery after potent
      therapy with PLM, 5-FU and irradiation for the recurrence at the primary site was
      complicated by any severe consequences. Based on the clinical course of the
      patients, surgical treatment seems to be rather beneficial in very elderly cancer
      victims with the aim of avoiding complications caused by the usual conservative
      therapies.

PMID- 3712769
TI  - [An autopsy case of epithelioid sarcoma--a review of the cases reported in
      Japan].
AB  - A 48-year-old Japanese woman died of a general metastasis of epithelioid sarcoma
      originating in the right palm, which had been irradiated for trichophytia therapy
      30 years earlier and where a contraction of the fingers and recurrent ulceration
      for seven years despite several surgical treatments had occurred. Although the
      tumor cells in the biopsy materials consisted of both large ovoid and polygonal
      cells with deeply eosinophilic cytoplasm and spindle-shaped cells, no particular
      appearances for definite diagnosis were obtained. The epithelioid appearance of
      tumor cells was first recognized in the metastatic foci of the lungs and kidneys
      at autopsy. In addition, 20 cases of epithelioid sarcoma reported in Japan are
      reviewed.

PMID- 3712770
TI  - [A case of malignant degeneration of benign cystic teratoma of the ovary].
AB  - A case of malignant degeneration of benign cystic teratoma of the ovary is
      reported. Almost all cases of malignant degeneration in the literature are
      squamous cell carcinomas, and other varieties or mixed malignancies are rare. But
      in this case, the tumor contained squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma
      separately. The focus of the adenocarcinoma looked like an embryonal structure of
      the intestine. Immunohistochemically, CEA is positive in both malignancies, but
      AFP is only in adenocarcinoma. These findings suggest that the pathogenesis of
      adenocarcinoma is different from that of squamous cell carcinoma arising in
      benign cystic teratoma of the ovary.

PMID- 3712772
TI  - [Results of brachytherapy of tongue cancer].
AB  - One hundred thirty-two patients with primary cases of squamous cell carcinoma of
      the tongue treated at National Sapporo Hospital from 1972 to 1982 were reviewed.
      Most primary sites were treated with interstitial needle implant with or without
      external beam irradiation. The local control rate by needle implant for the
      primary tongue lesions was 85.5%. That for the single plane implant was
      especially notable at 92.5%. The cumulative five-year survival rate was 92.8% in
      stage, I, 74% in stage II, 53.2% in stage III, 12.5% in stage IV and 64% overall.

PMID- 3712771
TI  - [Bladder carcinoma with sarcomatous changes].
AB  - A 78-year-old man underwent surgery to remove a bladder tumor. The bladder
      contained two solid pedunculated tumors, which existed independently.
      Histopathologic examination revealed that of most the tumor was composed of
      spindle-shaped sarcomatous tissue sometimes containing multinucleated giant
      cells. Transitional cell carcinoma (Grade 3) was also found at the stalk of the
      tumor with squamous metaplasia. The squamous metaplasia, which gradually changed
      into sarcomatous tissue, was also found at many parts of the tumor, but no
      definite transition of the transitional cell carcinoma into sarcomatous tissue
      was noted. Therefore, the sarcomatous change of carcinoma in our case was brought
      about by way of squamous metaplasia of transitional cell carcinoma. The tumor
      could be given the diagnosis of so-called "carcinosarcoma". The pathologic
      significance of "carcinosarcoma" was briefly discussed.

PMID- 3712773
TI  - [Multivariate analysis of factors affecting the prognosis of renal cell
      carcinoma].
AB  - During the last 10 years, we histologically or clinically diagnosed 36 cases of
      renal cell carcinoma in our department. Concerning the factors affecting the
      prognosis of renal cell carcinoma, we analyzed 18 data items by mean of
      quantification II, one of the methods of multivariate analysis. The results were
      as follow: 1. Operation, stage, age, ESR and tumor weight were found to be
      significant factors in evaluating the prognosis. 2. The prognosis group and good
      prognosis group were clearly divided by this analysis.

PMID- 3712774
TI  - [Cases of cancer with bone metastasis treated at our department during the past
      10 years].
AB  - Among 40 cases of carcinomas metastatic to the bone at our department in a 10
      year period starting in 1974, symptoms of bone metastasis preceded those of
      primary sites in 28. As regards the primary sites of carcinomas in this series,
      the lung was most often involved. As to the localization of bone metastasis,
      involvement of the vertebrae was present in 65%. Compared with primary malignant
      bone tumors, carcinomas metastatic to the bone were more likely to show
      hematologic disorders such as anemia and leukocytosis.

PMID- 3712775
TI  - [The CADO-E I type endometrial applicator for RALS therapy].
AB  - A dual stainless steel applicator (CADO-E I type) was developed for intracavitary
      radiotherapy of endometrial carcinoma using remotely controlled afterloader
      (RALS). An inverted pear-shaped isodose curve was obtained by means of this
      metallic applicator and Co-60 source with a stepwise movement. Reference point X
      was defined as 2 cm below the fundus and 2 cm lateral to the center line of the
      uterus to specify the dose absorbed to the uterine corpus with our endometrial
      applicator. Since cancer residua resulting from cold spots in dose distribution
      were recognized at the uterine fundus by histopathological investigation of
      serial sections in the hysterectomy specimens, we intend to develop an applicator
      with three metallic tubes (CADO-E II type).

PMID- 3712776
TI  - [Clinicopathological studies on cases of multiple primary carcinomas of the
      esophagus associated with carcinoma of the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus].
AB  - Four cases of multiple primary carcinoma of the esophagus associated with
      dysplasia were found among seven patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the
      hypopharynx and cervical esophagus at the Shikoku Cancer Center Hospital. Two
      minute carcinomas were observed in these cases. One of them was too small to
      detect clinically despite the application of esophagoscopy with the Lugol's
      solution spraying method. All four patients had continued to smoke and consume
      alcoholic beverages (regularly) (habitually). These findings suggested that total
      esophagectomy is applicable to patients with hypopharyngoesophageal cancer,
      particularly those who continue to drink and smoke regularly.

PMID- 3712777
TI  - [Primary malignant lymphoma of the rectum--a case report].
AB  - The patient was a 69-year-old woman who complained of bloody stools and abdominal
      pain. A tumor was removed with abdominoperineal excision, and histologic
      examination revealed malignant lymphoma associated with reactive lymphoreticular
      hyperplasia. The lesion was of the diffuse, medium-sized cell type according to
      the classification of the Japan Lymphoma Study Group.

PMID- 3712778
TI  - [A case of malignant epithelioid schwannoma in the triceps muscle of the arm].
AB  - A patient with malignant epithelioid schwannoma in the right triceps muscle of
      the arm is reported. This tumor was mainly composed of plump epithelioid cells,
      which showed focal necrosis and nuclear arrangement in palisades. The structures
      and the presence of long cytoplasmic processes, discrete basal lamina, and long
      spaced collagen on electron microscopic examination suggested schwannian
      derivation of the tumor. The tumor exhibited metastasis to the axillary lymph
      nodes. However, no recurrence was observed a year after surgical removal,
      irradiation, and chemotherapy.

PMID- 3712779
TI  - [Pathology of shock accompanying endoscopic embolization of esophageal varices
      using thrombin].

PMID- 3712780
TI  - [Proposals of the diagnostic criteria for refractory anemias].

PMID- 3712781
TI  - [Myelodysplastic syndrome with Th-polyagglutination].

PMID- 3712783
TI  - [The primary lymphoma of the breast with leukemic conversion].

PMID- 3712782
TI  - [A case of acute myelofibrosis terminating in basophilic leukemia].

PMID- 3712784
TI  - [A clinico-epidemiological study of 92 cases of childhood idiopathic
      thrombocytopenic purpura].

PMID- 3712786
TI  - [Application of drug monitoring with saliva--the influence of phenytoin upon the
      salivary inorganic constituents].

PMID- 3712785
TI  - [Hepatic and splenic abscesses in three patients with acute leukemia].

PMID- 3712787
TI  - [HB antigen in saliva].

PMID- 3712788
TI  - [Rapid detection of Campylobacter jejuni by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in
      the patients with acute enteritis (I)].

PMID- 3712789
TI  - [Changes in immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) values with aging].

PMID- 3712790
TI  - [Determination of unbound bilirubin by the new enzyme "bilirubin oxidase"].

PMID- 3712791
TI  - [Study on assay for circulating immune complexes using Fc receptor of bovine
      spermatozoa].

PMID- 3712792
TI  - [Study on limulus amebocyte lysate reactive material derived from dialyzers].

PMID- 3712793
TI  - [Comparative study of liver membrane autoantibodies detected with rat liver
      section and Chang liver cells].

PMID- 3712794
TI  - [Significance of dysplasia of the gallbladder].

PMID- 3712795
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of ECG R-R interval variation in normal person and patients
      with coronary artery diseases].

PMID- 3712797
TI  - [Cytodiagnosis and pathology of lung cancer].

PMID- 3712798
TI  - [Cytodiagnosis of lung cancer. Bronchial brushing].

PMID- 3712796
TI  - [Auditory brainstem responses and changes in body temperature during open heart
      surgery].

PMID- 3712799
TI  - [Cytodiagnosis of lung cancer. Needle biopsy].

PMID- 3712800
TI  - [Cytodiagnosis of lung cancer. Occupational and area screening and
      cytodiagnosis].

PMID- 3712801
TI  - [Cytodiagnosis of lung cancer. Expectation of the internist on cytodiagnosis].

PMID- 3712802
TI  - [Cytodiagnosis of lung cancer. Expectation of the surgeon on cytodiagnosis].

PMID- 3712803
TI  - [Cytodiagnosis of lung cancer. Handling of specimens].

PMID- 3712804
TI  - [Cytodiagnosis of lung cancer. A. The central (hilar) type. a. Cytological
      findings in squamous cell carcinoma and metaplasia].

PMID- 3712805
TI  - [Cytodiagnosis of lung cancer. B. The general type. a. Adenocarcinoma].

PMID- 3712806
TI  - [Cytodiagnosis of lung cancer. D. Pleural effusion].

PMID- 3712807
TI  - [The recent progress in X-ray diagnosis of early-stage esophageal cancer].

PMID- 3712808
TI  - [Emergency angiography in cases of acute pulmonary embolism].

PMID- 3712809
TI  - [Pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis].

PMID- 3712810
TI  - [Thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy in patients with complete left bundle
      branch block].

PMID- 3712811
TI  - [Giant serpentine aneurysm: experience with two cases and their radiological
      features].

PMID- 3712812
TI  - [A case of cutaneous meningioma].

PMID- 3712813
TI  - [Tuberculosis of the breast--a case which could not be mammographically
      distinguished from breast cancer].

PMID- 3712814
TI  - [Skin flora of the forehead of healthy adult females: distribution of
      staphylococcal species].

PMID- 3712815
TI  - [Panniculitis of the lower leg due to venous insufficiency].

PMID- 3712816
TI  - [Efficacy of prophylactic lymph node dissection in the treatment of plantar
      palmar-subungual melanoma].

PMID- 3712817
TI  - [Distribution of DNA polymerase in the epidermis].

PMID- 3712818
TI  - [72d annual meeting of the Japanese Society of Gastroenterology. Abstracts].

PMID- 3712819
TI  - [Parkinson's disease in the aged].

PMID- 3712820
TI  - [Aging of the brain and degenerative brain diseases].

PMID- 3712821
TI  - [Spinocerebellar degeneration in the elderly].

PMID- 3712822
TI  - [Two new forms of familial motor neuron diseases found in southern Japan].

PMID- 3712823
TI  - [Treatment of degenerative neurological diseases in the elderly: a rehabilitation
      approach].

PMID- 3712824
TI  - [Frequency of cardiac arrhythmias and age-related changes in a general hospital-
      report from Inada-Noborito Hospital in 1983].

PMID- 3712825
TI  - [Changes in various blood chemical constituents in relation to menopause. The
      Hisayama Study].

PMID- 3712826
TI  - [Blood chemical constituents as a risk factor in cerebral infarction. The
      Hisayama Study].

PMID- 3712827
TI  - [Changes in blood chemical constituents and death in the aged population. The
      Hisayama Study].

PMID- 3712828
TI  - [A pathological study of multiple gastric cancers in the aged].

PMID- 3712829
TI  - [Age-related changes in stability in standing posture].

PMID- 3712831
TI  - [Application of health questionnaires for health management in small- and medium
      sized enterprises].
AB  - Two kinds of health questionnaires, the Todai Health Index (THI) and Cumulative
      Fatigue Index (CFI), were applied as a screening device for health management of
      workers belonging to small-medium sized enterprises. A total of 495 workers
      composed of 452 male workers of a glass-bottle manufacturing factory and 43 male
      workers of a soft-drink bottling factory were the subjects of the present study.
      It was found that the two kinds of health questionnaires were different from each
      other and have their own characteristics. Twelve scales of THI were grouped into
      two, the first consisting of ten scales (SUSY, RESP, EYSK, MOUT, DIGE, IMPU,
      MENT, DEPR, NERV, and LIFE) and the second consisting of two scales (AGGR and
      LISC). Nine categories of CFI were grouped into one by using principal factor
      analysis. It was confirmed that the twelve scale scores of THI obtained at small
      medium sized factories differed from those scale scores of a reference group
      investigated at a large-sized enterprise. It is on the basis of the scales of
      aggressiveness and lies and also of the scale of mental unstability which
      characterizes workers, locality, job (clerical or field work), and size of
      industry (large or small sized) that the difference could be evaluated. Urban
      life characterized by a life style of staying up late at night and waking up late
      in the morning has been reflected on the scale of life irregularity. Irregularity
      of life induced by transformation of working schedule, such as two or three
      shifts of work and overtime, was also reflected on this scale. Two scales of THI
      test, i.e., many subjective symptoms and digestive organ complaints, seemed to be
      the representative scales indicating a close relation between work load and
      health level. The discriminant score for diagnosis of psychosomatic diseases is
      considered to be one of the most useful assessments of the individual's health
      condition. As mentioned above, THI is recommended as a convenient assessment
      method for health management of workers and for screening individuals or groups
      requiring health management from the total respondents belonging to small-medium
      sized enterprises where health administrators or professionals for health
      services are not available. A combined use of THI and CFI is more effective in
      evaluating health status of field workers than the independent use of one of
      these two tests, because the causal relationship between work load and health
      status cannot be satisfactorily observed, only through THI.

PMID- 3712830
TI  - Effects of acute 1,1,1-trichloroethane inhalation on aortic nerve impulse and
      blood pressure.
AB  - Effects of 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCE) inhalation on the afferent impulse
      of the aortic nerve and aortic blood pressure were investigated in anesthetized
      dogs. In acute inhalation experiment, the threshold concentration of 1,1,1-TCE
      required to produce a decrease in the aortic nerve activity was approximately
      0.4% in inspired air. Moreover, this threshold level and the threshold
      concentration required to produce a decrease in aortic blood pressure were
      identical in value. The aortic nerve activity obviously decreased and at the same
      time was accompanied by a marked decrease in aortic blood pressure following
      inhalation of high 1,1,1-TCE concentration. These results suggest that the
      afferent pathway of aortic baroreflex may be operated at a concentration of more
      than 0.4% in inspired air. It is further suggested that baroreceptor reflex plays
      a major role in the control of arterial blood pressure following acute 1,1,1-TCE
      inhalation in anesthetized dogs.

PMID- 3712832
TI  - [A survey on lead exposure in the shippoh-yaki (Japanese cloisonne ware) culture
      school].

PMID- 3712833
TI  - [A survey on health hazards of lead exposure in shippoh-yaki (Japanese cloisonne
      ware) workers].

PMID- 3712834
TI  - [Lead-exposure levels among workers in the ceramic industry and related factors].

PMID- 3712835
TI  - [NEC health care system].

PMID- 3712836
TI  - [Occupational trichloroethylene exposure causes pneumatosis cystoides
      intestinalis?].

PMID- 3712837
TI  - [Analysis of cardiac sarcomere dynamics by the laser diffraction method].

PMID- 3712838
TI  - [Application of 3-D display of brain CT images to operation planning].

PMID- 3712839
TI  - [Quantitative analysis of the flow in the artificial heart by the tracer method].

PMID- 3712840
TI  - [A method for the quantitative characterization of femur X-ray images--analysis
      of the trabecular pattern using a spectrum analysis technique].

PMID- 3712841
TI  - [Temperature measuring system with an implantable sensor for use in
      hyperthermia].

PMID- 3712842
TI  - [An EEG model expressed by sinusoidal waves with the Markov process amplitude].

PMID- 3712843
TI  - [Characteristics of Na+ transport and water permeability in a monolayer of a cell
      line (MDCK) derived from canine kidney].

PMID- 3712844
TI  - [The effects of non-immunological factors on Masugi nephritis in the rats].

PMID- 3712845
TI  - [Association between HLA and circulating immune complex in chronic
      glomerulonephritis].

PMID- 3712846
TI  - [The effect of chemical modification of antigens of characteristics of immune
      complexes and their glomerular localization in passive serum sickness nephritis
      of mice].

PMID- 3712847
TI  - [Immunopathologic studies of anti-Tamm-Horsfall protein serum given to
      proteinuric rats].

PMID- 3712848
TI  - [A follow-up study of nephrotic children treated initially with pulse therapy].

PMID- 3712849
TI  - [Studies on the pathogenesis of hypertriglyceridemia in chronic renal failure-
      the significance of intravenous fat tolerance test before and after subtotal
      parathyroidectomy].

PMID- 3712850
TI  - [Membranous nephropathy in rheumatoid arthritis probably unrelated to gold
      therapy].

PMID- 3712851
TI  - [Relapse in adult minimal change nephrotic syndrome].

PMID- 3712852
TI  - [Usefulness of quantitative radionuclide cardiography in the diagnosis of
      arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia].

PMID- 3712853
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of bone scintigraphy in patients with prostatic cancer].

PMID- 3712854
TI  - [Back-ground correction and selection of ventilation indexes in xenon gas
      ventilation studies].

PMID- 3712855
TI  - [Simultaneous measurement of cerebral blood flow and metabolism in rats by
      autoradiographic technic].

PMID- 3712856
TI  - [Basic and clinical studies of measurement of neuron specific enolase (NSE) using
      pharmacia NSE RIA kit].

PMID- 3712857
TI  - [Evaluation of TSH radioimmunoassay by using the magnetic separation system].

PMID- 3712858
TI  - [Development of high sensitivity slant hole collimator for measurement of rCBF by
      intravenous Xe-133 injection].

PMID- 3712859
TI  - Regularity in the change of serum creatine kinase level in Duchenne muscular
      dystrophy. A study with long-term follow-up cases.
AB  - Changes in the serum creatine kinase (CK) level according to the disease course
      were regressed to an exponential function Y = A e-ex in each case of 28 Duchenne
      muscular dystrophy (DMD) through a long-term follow-up study. The regression to
      this formula implies that DMD muscle would decay by the leaking of a certain
      amount of CK into the circulation in proportion to the existing muscle. The
      diminution coefficient "r" was significantly reduced in puberty as compared with
      ages around ten. The cases of rapid progression showed a high rate of CK
      decrement in puberty. The diminution rate of CK is suspected to reflect the
      difference between the rate of muscle growth and primary muscle decay.

PMID- 3712860
TI  - Determination of plasma retinol by high performance liquid chromatography, and
      its significance in digestive diseases.
AB  - Plasma retinol was determined by reverse-phase high-performance liquid
      chromatography in healthy subjects and patients with digestive diseases. The
      plasma retinol in the healthy control was independent of age (80.5 +/- 17.16
      micrograms/dl). On the other hand, the amount of retinol in patient groups was
      lower than in the healthy control group. It was 30.96 +/- 7.16 micrograms/dl in
      patients with liver cancer, 38.02 +/- 11.63 micrograms/dl in those with chronic
      pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer, 45.36 +/- 12.63 micrograms/dl in a patient
      group with inflammatory bowel disease, 66.25 +/- 7.27 micrograms/dl in the
      patients of early gastric cancer, and 66.44 +/- 10.10 micrograms/dl in the group
      with biliary stone. These results and many biological aspects of retinol in human
      made it clear that, the special attention should be paid to the fluctuation of
      plasma retinol amount. This was considered to play an important role in causing
      complications associated with digestive diseases.

PMID- 3712862
TI  - Natural killer cell activity against a variety of target cell lines in normal
      persons: NK-target sensitivity and effect of age and sex on NK levels.
AB  - Natural killer (NK) cells have been implicated as first line of defence mechanism
      for carcinogenesis in humans. A lot of studies of depressed NK activity in
      patients with malignancies have supported this. Two major problems, however, in
      these studies are the choice of normal controls and target cells. To study this
      problem, peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMC) of sixty-six normal subjects from
      young and elderly, males and females were tested for NK function against twenty
      target cell lines with a microcytotoxicity assay. The result was shown that no
      sex or age difference existed with respect to NK function, except for a slight
      but significant decreased in NK activity of young female to K562 target cells.
      Target cells were divided into four groups by their NK sensitivity, namely, high,
      moderate, low and refractory sensitive. In general, NK activity of healthy
      persons is considered to remain stable and polyspecific in our results.

PMID- 3712861
TI  - Deranged metabolism of lipids in patients with chronic renal failure: possible
      role of secondary hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - We wished to investigate the pathophysiology of hypertriglyceridemia in chronic
      renal failure. Our subjects were 30 patients under hemodialysis for at least five
      years who had never taken vitamin D analogues or calcitonin preparations. During
      those five years, triglycerides were high, with no significant changes, although
      the cholesterol level decreased significantly 10 to 12 months after the first
      hemodialysis treatment. There was a significant correlation between alkaline
      phosphatase and triglycerides (p less than 0.025) in these patients in the same
      assay. In the two patients with hypertriglyceridemia, serum triglycerides
      decreased to within the normal range by six months after parathyroidectomy, and
      remained there 30 months after surgery. These results suggested that secondary
      hyperparathyroidism may be involved in the pathophysiological mechanism of
      hypertriglyceridemia seen in chronic renal failure.

PMID- 3712863
TI  - Pregnancy and penicillamine treatment in a patient with Wilson's disease.
AB  - A 22-year-old female with Wilson's disease became pregnant and subsequently
      delivered a normal infant. At the age of 17 the patient presented evidence of
      liver cirrhosis and was diagnosed as having Wilson's disease. A regimen of d
      penicillamine was started at this time and continued, although irregularly for
      the 10 months prior to her 9th week of pregnancy. At the 14th week of pregnancy
      she was started on 500 mg of D-penicillamine a day. She was stable during the
      remainder of her pregnancy and after delivery. Fetal development was normal and a
      normal infant was delivered at 35 weeks. It is suggested that pregnancy is not
      contraindicated in well treated Wilson's disease, and that a regimen of D
      penicillamine during pregnancy can control the illness without harming the fetus.

PMID- 3712865
TI  - Hodgkin's disease with pulmonary involvement.
AB  - A patient of Hodgkin's disease with pulmonary involvement is described.
      Demonstration of Reed-Sternberg cells in the sputum confirmed the diagnosis of
      pulmonary involvement.

PMID- 3712864
TI  - Severe jaundice in malignant lymphoma. Report of two autopsy cases.
AB  - Two autopsy cases of malignant lymphoma with marked hyperbilirubinemia (18.6 and
      36.5 mg/dl at maximum) are presented. Histology revealed the portal area to be
      enlarged due to lymphoma cell infiltration and cholestasis in the hepatic lobules
      in both. Of 30 cases of malignant lymphoma treated in our department,
      hyperbilirubinemia was seen in 7 cases (23%) including these two cases (6.7%)
      which were severely jaundiced. The occurrence rate of jaundice in malignant
      lymphoma to all jaundiced diseases showing serum total bilirubin levels of more
      than 5 mg/dl was 0.7%.

PMID- 3712866
TI  - Hypercalcemia due to spontaneous hemorrhage in a parathyroid adenoma during
      recovery from acute renal failure.
AB  - A 89-year-old woman showed transient and mild hypercalcemia (11.0 mg/dl) at the
      phase of recovery from acute renal failure. Serum PTH level elevated to 2.1 ng/ml
      when hypercalcemia was observed, and decreased to 1.1 ng/ml. Autopsy study
      revealed the bleeding within parathyroid adenoma. The transient and mild
      hypercalcemia seen in the patient was considered as the result of the bleeding
      within parathyroid adenoma. This unusual manifestation of parathyroid adenoma,
      bleeding, usually causes hypercalcemic crisis. The mild hypercalcemia observed in
      this patient despite of bleeding into parathyroid adenoma might be due to old age
      of the patient and the existence of renal failure in the patient.

PMID- 3712867
TI  - Symposium on clinical and physiochemical features of aging. 82nd annual
      scientific session of the Japanese Society of Internal Medicine. April 4, 1985,
      Nagoya.

PMID- 3712869
TI  - Effects of avian pancreatic peptide on smooth muscle relaxations by vasoactive
      intestinal peptide and inhibitory nerve stimulation.
AB  - Experiments were carried out to investigate whether avian pancreatic peptide
      (APP) antagonized relaxations of vascular and gastrointestinal smooth muscles
      induced by vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and non-adrenergic, non
      cholinergic inhibitory nerve stimulation using the cat submandibular gland, cat
      colon and dog stomach in vivo and several isolated smooth muscles in vitro. APP
      caused a dose-dependent inhibition of an atropine-resistant vasodilatation
      induced by chorda-lingual and pelvic nerve stimulation and by VIP. APP did not
      reduce VIP output induced by pelvic nerve stimulation. APP shifted the dose
      response curve for VIP and the frequency-response curve for pelvic nerve
      stimulation to the right. The vasodilatation induced by isoproterenol or
      bradykinin was inhibited by somewhat higher doses of APP. APP failed to inhibit
      the vago-vagal reflex relaxation of the dog stomach. In guinea pig and rat fundic
      strips and in isolated chick rectum, APP did not exert any significant effects on
      relaxation caused by VIP or transmural stimulation in the presence of atropine
      and guanethidine. The result indicates that APP inhibits VIP-mediated relaxation
      of the vascular smooth muscle, but not that of the gastrointestinal smooth
      muscle. The inhibitory effect of APP on VIP-mediated vasodilatation is suggested
      to be due to the physiological competition.

PMID- 3712868
TI  - Cardiovascular effects of NPK-1886, a new dihydropyridine compound with calcium
      entry blocking activity.
AB  - The cardiovascular effect of NPK-1886 (NPK), a novel photostable dihydropyridine
      compound, was studied by comparing it with that of nifedipine (Nif). In normal
      Wistar rats (NWR), systolic blood pressure was only slightly depressed by NPK or
      Nif, while in three types of hypertensive rats (i.e., spontaneously hypertensive
      rats (SHR), renal hypertensive rats (RHR) and DOCA-saline-induced hypertensive
      rats (DOC-Na-R)), the hypotensive potency of NPK was more than or equal to that
      of Nif. The effectiveness of NPK on the normal and hypertensive models was in the
      following order: DOC-Na-R, RHR, SHR, NWR. Coronary perfusion flow in
      Langendorff's heart was increased almost the same extent by NPK and Nif. On
      isolated rabbit aortic strips, the antagonistic potencies of NPK, like those of
      Nif, were greater for calcium than for norepinephrine, serotonin and angiotensin
      II. The negative ino- and chronotropic potency of NPK in isolated guinea-pig
      right atria was less than that of Nif. The slow membrane action potentials of
      guinea-pig papillary muscle were suppressed by NPK, but less than by Nif, with
      manifestations of a reduction of Vmax and AP-duration. These results indicate
      that NPK has a potent hypotensive effect on hypertensive models and a weaker
      cardiac inhibition. The general toxicity of NPK was lower than that of Nif.

PMID- 3712870
TI  - Effects of the antitumor agents from various natural sources on drug-metabolizing
      system, phagocytic activity and complement system in sarcoma 180-bearing mice.
AB  - Correlation between antitumor activity and effects on some biological properties,
      such as phagocytic activity of the reticuloendothelial system, the third
      component of complement (C3) activation, hepatic drug-metabolizing activities and
      pentobarbital-induced narcosis, of antitumor agents from various natural sources
      such as B B (Broncasma Berna), GU-P (Grifora umbellata polysaccharide), OK-432,
      PS-K (Polysaccharide Kureha), and RA-P (Rumex acetosa polysaccharide) were
      studied with female ICR mice implanted with Sarcoma 180 solid tumor. All of these
      agents depressed aniline hydroxylase and aminopyrine demethylase activities,
      prolonged the duration of pentobarbital-induced narcosis, and significantly
      enhanced the phagocytic activity and C3 activity. Especially, RA-P which has the
      strongest antitumor activity was the most effective in changing these activities.
      The biological activities of GU-P at a dose of 10 mg/kg reached the same level as
      that found with PS-K at a dose of 100 mg/kg. a possible mechanism of inhibition
      of Sarcoma 180 solid tumor growth by the treatment with the antitumor agents
      could be interpreted as due to the C3 activation, the stimulation of phagocytic
      activity and depression of the hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing system in
      tumor-bearing mice.

PMID- 3712871
TI  - L-methionine enhances the contractile responses of rat uterine smooth muscle to
      acetylcholine and high KCl.
AB  - The contractile responses of isolated uterine smooth muscle from estradiol
      treated ovariectomized rats to acetylcholine and high KCl in Ca-depleted modified
      Locke-Ringer (without CaCl2 and with 0.1 mM EGTA) solution on addition of CaCl2
      (final concentration, 5 mM) are used as an indicator of Ca influx through the Ca
      channel. L-Methionine significantly enhanced these responses in the absence and
      presence of 3-deazaadenosine plus homocysteine thiolactone, blockers of
      methylation. These findings suggest that methylations of some components in
      isolated uterine smooth muscle seem to be important in stimulation-contraction
      coupling in the muscle.

PMID- 3712872
TI  - In vivo voltammetric study of dopamine release in the striatum following
      microinjection of apomorphine into the substantia nigra zona reticulata.
AB  - Effect of microinjection of apomorphine into the substantia nigra zona reticulata
      (SNR) on the dopamine (DA) release in the ipsilateral striatum was examined in
      the present study. To measure the DA release, we determined DA and/or DOPAC
      levels in the striatum by using in vivo voltammetry. The microinjection of
      apomorphine (10 micrograms/2 microliters) into the SNR produced a rapid and
      prolonged increase in the DA and/or DOPAC peak in the ipsilateral striatum. These
      results suggest that release of DA from dendrites of DA cells normally plays a
      physiological role in the SNR neurons.

PMID- 3712873
TI  - Effects of taurine on neutrophil function in hyperlipidemic rats.
AB  - In dietary hyperlipidemic rats, an increase in serum lipid level may cause an
      increase in membrane lipid level of the neutrophils, and phagocytosis and
      bactericidal capacity may be thereby lowered. Treatment with taurine (470
      mg/kg/day, p.o.) strengthened the bactericidal capacity of neutrophils which was
      decreased by cholesterol diet feeding, as the capacity was stronger on the 40th
      day than that in animals fed laboratory chow. The results suggest that taurine
      may play an important role in the mechanism of host defense through the
      neutrophil function.

PMID- 3712874
TI  - [Cigarette smoking and lung metabolism--effect of cigarette smoking on blood
      level of leukotrienes in healthy volunteers].

PMID- 3712875
TI  - [The site of action of vasoactive agents on the pulmonary vascular bed in excised
      canine lung lobe preparations perfused with pulsatile flow].

PMID- 3712876
TI  - [Evaluation of inflammatory sputum cytology in chronic respiratory tract
      infection--mainly diffuse panbronchiolitis].

PMID- 3712877
TI  - [The role of serotonin, histamine and prostaglandins on potentiation of hypoxic
      pulmonary vasoconstriction by repeated intermittent hypoxic challenges in dogs].

PMID- 3712878
TI  - [A case of myxosarcoma originating in the pulmonary artery associated with
      pulmonary hypertension].

PMID- 3712879
TI  - [A case report of IVBAT (intravascular bronchioloalveolar tumor)].

PMID- 3712880
TI  - [A case of sarcoidosis with lesions in the nasal mucosa and epididymis].

PMID- 3712882
TI  - [26th annual meeting of the Japan Society of Chest Diseases. Abstracts].

PMID- 3712881
TI  - [A case of pulmonary paraganglioma].

PMID- 3712883
TI  - Heart lesions and electrocardiographic changes in DBA/2 and BALB/c mice.

PMID- 3712884
TI  - Relationship between the presence of 44 megadalton plasmid and calcium dependency
      or autoagglutination to serotype O3 strains of Yersinia enterocolitica.

PMID- 3712885
TI  - Effect of reticuloendothelial system blocking on Tyzzer's disease of mice.

PMID- 3712886
TI  - Effect of partial hepatectomy on Tyzzer's disease of mice.

PMID- 3712887
TI  - Light and electron microscopic observations of ependyma in N-methyl-nitrosourea
      induced dysgenetic hydromicrocephalic rat offsprings.

PMID- 3712888
TI  - Comparison of biological and molecular properties among canine distemper virus
      strains.

PMID- 3712889
TI  - Preliminary analyses on persistence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in a brackish
      water clam, Corbicula japonica.

PMID- 3712890
TI  - Comparison of age-related changes between long-lived CRJ:CD-1 (ICR) and
      CRJ:B6C3F1 mice.

PMID- 3712891
TI  - Heart rate and ECG response to twitching in Thoroughbred foals and mares.

PMID- 3712892
TI  - Attachment of horse cecal bacteria to forage cell walls.

PMID- 3712893
TI  - The snail host of Fasciola sp. in the Tempoku district of Hokkaido.

PMID- 3712894
TI  - Light and electron microscopic observations of pia-arachnoid in N-methyl
      nitrosourea-induced dysgenetic hydromicrocephalic rat offsprings.

PMID- 3712895
TI  - Anesthesia and recovery with tricaine methanesulfonate, eugenol and thiopental
      sodium in the carp, Cyprinus carpio.

PMID- 3712896
TI  - Biological activities of monoclonal antibodies to the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase
      (HN) protein of Newcastle disease virus.

PMID- 3712897
TI  - Phenotype and gene frequencies of red blood cell groups in dogs of various breeds
      reared in Japan.

PMID- 3712898
TI  - Adherence of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia enterocolitica to L-929
      cells: association with virulence plasmid and effects of cultivation- and
      adsorption-temperatures.

PMID- 3712899
TI  - Morphogenesis of non-neoplastic nodular lesions of the pancreas in aged rats:
      light microscopic, immunocytochemical and autoradiographic study.

PMID- 3712900
TI  - Granular cell tumor in the cerebellar meninx of an aged rat.

PMID- 3712901
TI  - Nitroblue tetrazolium reduction by neutrophils of newborn foals, adult horses,
      and a foal infected with Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi.

PMID- 3712902
TI  - Spontaneous medulloblastoma with myoblasts in a Sprague-Dawley rat.

PMID- 3712903
TI  - Spontaneous occurrence of pulmonary foam cells in Fischer 344 rats.

PMID- 3712904
TI  - Pleomorphic liposarcoma in an aged rat.

PMID- 3712905
TI  - The comparison of Isospora bigemina large type of the cat and Besnoitia wallacei.

PMID- 3712906
TI  - Spontaneous respiratory disease associated with cilia-associated respiratory
      (CAR) bacillus in a rat.

PMID- 3712907
TI  - Isolation of Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi and atypical mycobacteria from
      the lymph nodes of healthy pigs.

PMID- 3712908
TI  - A Newcastle disease virus isolated from pullet showing leg-weakness.

PMID- 3712909
TI  - Central pontine neuronolysis.

PMID- 3712910
TI  - Hypertension: diagnosis, evaluation & non-drug therapies.

PMID- 3712911
TI  - Rectal examination: a clinical observation.

PMID- 3712912
TI  - IMA--a preferred conduit.

PMID- 3712913
TI  - Microscopic hematuria.

PMID- 3712914
TI  - Histoplasmosis therapy.

PMID- 3712915
TI  - Panic disorder: the great mimic.

PMID- 3712916
TI  - Pseudomembranous colitis & antibiotics.

PMID- 3712917
TI  - Current concepts of antiviral therapy.

PMID- 3712918
TI  - Settlement--who decides?

PMID- 3712919
TI  - [The usefulness of transbronchial lung biopsy for diagnosis of pulmonary
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 3712921
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of a solitary shadow in the lung field-- with special
      reference to the diagnosis of lung cancer].

PMID- 3712920
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of a solitary shadow in the lung field--with special
      reference to the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 3712922
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis-- mass
      screening].

PMID- 3712923
TI  - [Differentiation of lung cancer from pulmonary tuberculosis-- a practicing
      physician's viewpoint].

PMID- 3712924
TI  - [Diagnosis of hydrothorax based on biochemical parameters].

PMID- 3712925
TI  - [Thoracoscopic examination].

PMID- 3712926
TI  - [Present status and chemotherapy of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in national
      sanatoria--urinary tuberculosis. Report of the B series of 26th Controlled Trials
      of Chemotherapy--Cooperative Study Unit of Chemotherapy of Tuberculosis of
      National Sanatoria in Japan (CSUCTNS)].

PMID- 3712927
TI  - [A study of the role of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) in delayed
      type hypersensitive reaction (granuloma formation) of the lung].

PMID- 3712928
TI  - [Interaction of rifampicin and hydrocortisone-succinate].

PMID- 3712930
TI  - [61st annual meeting of the Japanese Society for Tuberculosis. Abstracts].

PMID- 3712929
TI  - [Short course chemotherapy in pulmonary tuberculosis on individual basis--final
      report].

PMID- 3712931
TI  - [Clinico-psychological examination of women with hypertension].

PMID- 3712932
TI  - [Indicators of arterial blood pressure in Russian, Khanty and Mansi children].

PMID- 3712933
TI  - [Relation between the hypotensive effect of triampur and its pharmacokinetics in
      patients with hypertension].
AB  - The hypotensive effect of triampur was studied in 39 patients with first- and
      second-stage essential hypertension, as was the pharmacokinetics of triamterin,
      the main constituent of triampur. A relationship is demonstrated between the
      curve area, blood triamterin peak, clearance and cumulative excretion, on the one
      hand, and the hypotensive effect, on the other. Triamterin pharmacokinetic
      studies may be used for the screening of hypertensive patients as potential
      candidates for triampur treatment. Alongside other causes, low blood
      concentrations of the drug in the course of treatment may be associated with its
      low efficiency.

PMID- 3712934
TI  - [Nonspecific aortoarteritis (classification and surgical treatment)].
AB  - Three hundred cases of nonspecific aortoarteritis are reviewed. A new
      classification of the condition is proposed identifying 3 stages (acute
      inflammation, subacute recurrent inflammation and chronic condition), 3 types of
      morphologic changes (stenosing, deforming and aneurysmatic), 3 sites of lesion
      (aortic branches, the thoracoabdominal aorta and combined lesions) and 4 degrees
      of organ ischemia. Ten syndromes are distinguished in the clinical pattern, and
      their relative incidences are specified. A total of 253 operations, including 218
      reconstructive ones, were performed: 83 on aortic branches, 87 on
      thoracoabdominal aorta, 40 on the abdominal aorta, and 11 for aortic aneurysms.
      Reconstructive surgery of renal arteries was performed in 89 patients, and of
      visceral arteries, in 55. The need for anti-inflammatory treatment is emphasized.
      Surgical treatment produces better results, as compared to conservative treatment
      alone.

PMID- 3712935
TI  - [Changes in central and periferal hemodynamics in patients with hypertensive
      conditions treated by reflexotherapy].
AB  - The results of an echocardiographic study of central hemodynamics and a
      rheovasographic study of vascular tonicity under the effect of reflex therapy in
      patients with essential hypertension (EH), stages IB-IIA, and those with
      neurocirculatory dystonia (NCD) associated with the hypertensive syndrome are
      reported. Initially, patients with NCD and EH, stage IB, showed hyperkinetic
      circulation, and those with EH, stage IIA, had hypokinetic circulation. The EH
      patients also exhibited elevated peripheral vascular tone. Minute volume of the
      heart was reduced in response to treatment in patients with NCD and EH, stage IB,
      and increased in those with EH, stage IIA in the presence of depressed BP.
      Peripheral vascular tone decreased in EH patients. Therefore, the two functional
      tests demonstrated the possibility of reflex control of hemodynamic disorders in
      hypertensive patients, with eukinetic circulation restored irrespective of their
      original nature.

PMID- 3712936
TI  - [Functional state of the heart in patients with hypertension of various
      hemodynamic types at rest and during physical exertion].

PMID- 3712937
TI  - [Physical exertion tolerance and hemodynamic support of its various levels in
      patients with hypertension].
AB  - A study of 50 male patients with essential hypertension and 50 normal males
      showed hypertensive patients to have reduced exercise tolerance, as compared to
      normal subjects, its principal cause being the inadequate rise of systolic ABP
      during bicycle ergometry. In doing mild exercise (50 W), hypertensive patients
      showed an adequate hemodynamic response that was disrupted in medium-intensity
      exercise (100 W), and the hemodynamic support of heavy exercise (200 W) was
      inadequate.

PMID- 3712938
TI  - [Hemodynamic changes in healthy persons and in patients with arterial
      hypertension during hyperventilation].
AB  - Hemodynamic changes in response to the hyperventilation test were examined in
      normal males and females of varying age, and in patients with first- and second
      stage essential hypertension, renal arterial hypertension and hypertensive
      neurocirculatory dystonia. Normal subjects showed increased heart rate (HR) and
      cardiac index (CI), and lowered specific peripheral resistance in response to
      hyperventilation, the magnitude of HR and CI changes declining with age. The
      increase in HR and CI during the test was somewhat more pronounced in patients
      with essential hypertension as compared to normal subjects, whereas in
      hypertensive neurocirculatory dystonia hemodynamic shifts were similar to those
      of normal subjects.

PMID- 3712939
TI  - [Characteristics of the mechanisms of psychological adaptation of patients with
      ischemic heart disease and hypertension].
AB  - A fixed orientation principle was used for the examination of 203 patients with
      coronary heart disease (CHD) and 123 patients with essential hypertension.
      Psychological adaptation mechanisms and variation therein were studied in
      relation to the form, severity, pattern and stage of the disease. The fixed
      orientation method is based on evoking illusory perception in a subject. Basic
      fixed orientation types are identified depending on the way one gets rid of the
      orientation. Variable-stable orientation mediating high motivation, dominance,
      impulsiveness and aggressiveness in prevalent in CHD irrespective of its form. In
      hypertensive patients, variable-labile orientation prevails that features
      impulsiveness, inconsistency, anxiety, psychasthesnia and depression. The
      occurrence of these parameters was unrelated to form, severity and stage of the
      disease. Premorbid nature of these features is postulated. The fixed orientation
      method is recommended as a highly informative way of identifying psychological
      adaptation mechanisms.

PMID- 3712940
TI  - [Arterial hypertension and its control in therapeutic districts of various
      polyclinics of the Lithuanian S.S.R].
AB  - Within the framework of integrated chronic noncommunicable disease prevention
      program, a study of the prevalence and control of hypertension was carried out in
      five randomly selected therapeutic districts of the Lithuanian SSR using the
      rapid diagnosis method of the Institute of Preventive Cardiology at the National
      Cardiology Center. In all, 2271 persons aged 15 years and more, were examined
      simultaneously in all therapeutic districts within five days by specially trained
      teams of investigators. Our findings showed high prevalence of hypertension among
      the population of the therapeutic districts (21.6%) and failure to attain its
      effective control. The comparison of the data obtained by this method with those
      of screening tests provided a convincing proof of the feasibility of rapid
      identification of risk factors as whole, and those relating to hypertension in
      particular, in large populations, thus making it useful for following the
      effectiveness of intervention trials.

PMID- 3712941
TI  - [Role of health education in the secondary prevention of hypertension].
AB  - Questionnaires were used to examine the extent of hypertensive patients'
      knowledge of the measures needed to prevent crises and complications of essential
      hypertension (EH), attitudes to physicians' prescriptions and recommendations and
      certain elements of hygienic behavior. Male EH patients below 40-50 years of age
      were found to follow the "I-know-it-is-needed-but-don't-do-it" principle with
      respect to their health. Many of the older men and the majority of women with EH
      demonstrated a different health credo: "It is needed, so I am doing it", or "It
      is needed, so I am trying to do it". Young and middle-aged male hypertensive
      patients were shown to require medical education to be of convincing or, at some
      points, even threatening modality, with short and clear-cut health
      recommendations, while hypertensive females and older males would benefit more
      from explanatory aids with detailed recommendations on diets, exercise, daily
      routines, etc.

PMID- 3712942
TI  - [Effect of the natriuretic hormone on ion transport through erythrocyte
      membrane].
AB  - A study of the mechanism of the natriuretic hormone action on ion transport
      across cellular membranes was carried out in normal donor blood erythrocytes and
      their shadows. The natriuretic hormone obtained from canine arterial blood
      changed sodium and potassium ion transport, when acting on external membrane
      surface. Its effect can be compared to that of strophanthin which produces a
      similar change in sodium and potassium transport and is only active on the outer
      side of closed erythrocyte shadows.

PMID- 3712943
TI  - [Hypotensive and hemodynamic effects of sodium nitroprusside in experimental
      ischemic renal arterial hypertension in cats].
AB  - The hypotensive effect and interrelations of some hemodynamic parameters in the
      course of intravenous administration of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were examined
      in an experimental study in cats with induced hypertension. Both in normotensive
      and hypertensive conditions, the SNP injection produced an almost instantaneous
      drop in systolic and diastolic ABP, its principal mechanisms being the depression
      of total peripheral resistance (TPR). The magnitude of decrease in stroke and
      minute volumes was dependent on the extent of ABP fall that was in turn related
      to the dose of the drug and the baseline TPR values.

PMID- 3712944
TI  - [Various problems of examining and treating children with ventricular pre
      excitation syndrome].
AB  - Thirty-three children, aged 6 months to 14 years, with the pre-excitation
      syndrome were examined. Esophageal electrophysiological heart studies were
      conducted in all cases, and intracardiac electrophysiological studies, in 11 of
      those. Functional characteristics of the accessory pathways were established, and
      the most efficient treatment chosen. Nine children were in need of surgical
      treatment because of the short effective refractory period of the accessory
      pathways and life-threatening arrhythmias. Radical operations (surgical
      interruption of the accessory pathways) were performed in 22 children.

PMID- 3712946
TI  - [Surgical treatment of rhythm disorders with simultaneous correction of heart
      valve defects].
AB  - Twenty-five patients (14 males and 11 females aged 11 to 45 years) with rhythm
      disorders and valvular defects were operated on. Supraventricular paroxysmal
      tachycardia was the most common of rhythm disorders occurring in 15 cases, with
      Ebstein's anomaly in 11, mitral valve incompetence in 2, combined mitral defects
      in 1 and aortic stenosis in 1 of those. Atrial fibrillation was recorded in 7
      patients, with Ebstein's anomaly in 2, mitral stenosis in 2, mitral incompetence
      in 2 and mitral prolapse in 1 of those. Nodal tachycardia was found in 1 patients
      with Ebstein's anomaly and in 1 patient with mitral valve incompetence. Left
      ventricular tachycardia was diagnosed in a female patient with mitral prolapse.
      The operations were simultaneous and comprised two steps; they were performed
      under extracorporeal circulation and drug- and cold-induced cardioplegia, with
      the elimination (surgical interruption) of accessory conduction pathways or
      removal of arrhythmogenic areas as the first step, and reconstructive surgery on
      heart valves as the second step.

PMID- 3712945
TI  - [Morphophysiological aspects of closed destruction of the conduction pathways of
      the heart].
AB  - An experimental study in an electrophysiological model of the human body showed
      defibrillator discharge current, used for closed electrodestruction of His'
      bundle in cases of drug-resistant supraventricular tachycardias, to cause a spark
      discharge and high-energy shock wave around the intracardiac electrode resulting
      in contusion of the heart. To stop the sparking, it is suggested that impulse
      voltage should be reduced while its duration should be prolonged in order to
      maintain local destruction potential. The relationship between the damaging
      effect of the impulse, and its force and duration was examined so that optimum
      action parameters could be established.

PMID- 3712947
TI  - [Latent Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome as the electrophysiological and
      morphological basis of supraventricular tachycardia].
AB  - The concealed Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome, the electrophysiologic and
      morphologic basis of cardiac arrhythmias, was shown to be a cause of the attacks
      of supraventricular tachycardia. The latter is rooted in the concealed WPW
      syndrome in about 30% of patients showing no electrocardiographic signs of pre
      excitation. Electrophysiologic criteria of the diagnosis of supraventricular
      tachycardias due to the concealed WPW syndrome are listed. Concealed Kent's
      bundle was most commonly found on the left side. As regards antiarrhythmic
      therapy, disopyramide is one of the most effective drugs for patients with
      supraventricular tachycardias due to the concealed WPW syndrome.

PMID- 3712948
TI  - [Provocation of the attack of supraventricular reciprocal paroxysmal tachycardia
      by frequent stimulation of the left atrium through the esophagus to determine its
      approximate range of reciprocal excitement].
AB  - The study involved 24 patients with supraventricular paroxysmal reciprocal
      tachycardia (SPRT) showing no ECG evidence of ventricular pre-excitation between
      the attacks. SPRT attacks could be provoked by frequent esophageal left-atrial
      stimulation in all patients, particularly with impulse frequencies in the 160 to
      200 imp/min range, associated with first-degree atrioventricular block featuring
      Wenckebach's phenomenon. In most cases, induced SPRT was similar to a spontaneous
      attack. During an induced attack, the duration of Q--P interval was less than 70
      ms in 15 (62.5%) suggesting that the scope of reciprocal excitation was limited
      to the atrioventricular node, and more than 70 ms in 9 (37.5%), indicating the
      involvement of complementary ventriculo-atrial pathways.

PMID- 3712949
TI  - [Various methods of the practical evaluation of functional possibilities of
      implanted synchronous cardiostimulators].
AB  - Some clinical device for the assessment of the sensitivity of the implanted
      demand-type cardiostimulator to bioelectric potentials are described. A
      relationship is demonstrated between the perception of bioelectric noise
      (muscular potentials) and sensitivity of the cardiostimulator.

PMID- 3712950
TI  - [Temporary electrocardiostimulation in paroxysmal arrhythmias in patients with
      ischemic heart disease].
AB  - The efficiency of temporary atrial and ventricular electrocardiostimulation (ECS)
      used for the control and prevention of recurrent and drug-resistant arrhythmias
      was studied in 37 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiosclerosis,
      including 21 patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI). The possibility of
      applying superfrequent ventricular ECS for controlling paroxysms of ventricular
      tachycardia in acute MI patients, and high efficiency of accelerating-suppressing
      ECS for the prevention of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation
      paroxysms are demonstrated.

PMID- 3712951
TI  - [Correlation between the anti-arrhythmia effect of ethacizin and pharmacokinetic
      parameters in a model of rhythm adoption by the heart].
AB  - Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ethacizin were studied in a model of
      rhythm adoption by the heart, with the drug administered intravenously to
      anesthetized cats. A relation was demonstrated between blood ethacizin pattern
      and the drug's biphasic effect on the adoption of stimulation-imposed pace by the
      heart and ventricular fibrillation threshold. The estimated correlation
      coefficients, reflecting the relationship between the development of ethacizin
      anti-arrhythmic and antifibrillation effects and variation of its plasma levels
      between 10 and 120 min after the administration, were rather high (-0.85 and
      +0.93, respectively). Ethacizin shows anti-arrhythmic and antifibrillation
      activity when its plasma levels are between 2400 and 200 ng/ml.

PMID- 3712952
TI  - [Current principles of the diagnosis and treatment of paroxysmal tachycardia].

PMID- 3712953
TI  - [Effect of ethacizin (diethylamine analog of ethmozine) on the efferent activity
      of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves of the heart].
AB  - This study examined the effects of the diethylamino analogue of ethmozin
      (ethacizin) (1 mg/kg, i.v.) on the spontaneous and reflex elicited efferent
      activity in thoracic cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves.
      Nitroglycerin and phenylephrine (4 and 8 micrograms/kg, i.v.) were administered
      to 15 anesthetized mongrel dogs while monitoring blood pressure and heart rate.
      In each dog, two cardiac nerves were isolated and efferent neurograms were
      simultaneously recorded and analyzed by microprocessor. Ethacizin significantly
      attenuated the spontaneous sympathetic efferent activity in both left and right,
      preganglionic (n-8) and postganglionic (n-14) sympathetic nerves to the heart. In
      contrast, reflex changes in sympathetic activity elicited by baroreceptor
      challenges, were not affected by ethacizin. Also, ethacizin did not significantly
      affect either spontaneous or baroreceptor reflex-induced parasympathetic efferent
      activities in 8 preganglionic nerves. Thus, this new phenothiazine derivative may
      exert part of its antiarrhythmic action through a reduction of the spontaneous
      sympathetic tonic discharges to the heart. The fact that ethacizin did neither
      reduce the reflex-induced changes in sympathetic or parasympathetic activities
      nor influence the tonic vagal discharges further suggests that the compound is
      not likely to interfere with reflexly mediated cardiovascular adaptive changes.

PMID- 3712954
TI  - [Chronophysiological study of the effect of alcohol on the cardiovascular system
      of healthy humans].
AB  - Variation of 13 cardiovascular parameters was examined in 30 normal volunteers
      aged 21 to 26 years through the day before the use of alcohol and three daily
      cycles after a single dose of alcohol producing moderate intoxication with blood
      ethanol levels reaching 1.87 +/- 0.03 g/l. A circadian temporal pattern was
      demonstrated in cardiovascular activity, that was disrupted by alcohol action.
      The effects of alcohol on some hemodynamic parameters were not identical after
      different postalcoholization time intervals. Most of the parameters examined
      returned to normal as soon as ethanol was eliminated from the body, i.e. within
      13 to 15 hours, while other parameters took more time to normalize.
      Biorhythmologic shifts could be seen for two daily cycles, and the circadian
      pattern was resumed by day 3 following the use of alcohol.

PMID- 3712955
TI  - [Effect of long-term ambulatory hypotensive treatment on the structural and
      functional status of the myocardium].
AB  - Changes in myocardial function and the possibility of a regression of left
      ventricular hypertrophy were examined in patients with stable hypertension during
      a year of effective hypotensive treatment. Ninety-seven patients with essential
      hypertension, stage IIB (by Myasnikov's classification) and aged 35 to 56 years,
      were studied. Echography was conducted before the onset of treatment and after
      one year of regular hypotensive therapy. A marked hypotensive effect was noted in
      the course of treatment. Left-ventricular myocardial weight declined in 69% of
      patients, remained unchanged in 18.6% and increased in 12.4% despite the
      hypotensive effect of treatment. The reduction of left-ventricular hypertrophy
      was associated with no basic changes of myocardial pump function or
      contractility.

PMID- 3712956
TI  - [Circulating immune complexes and apolipoproteins in ischemic heart disease].
AB  - Levels of circulating immune complexes (CIC) and apolipoproteins (apo-A and apo
      B) were compared and correlated with the severity of atherosclerotic affection of
      heart vessels in coronary patients with coronarographically-verified coronary
      arterial atherosclerosis. An inverse correlation between blood CIC and apo-A
      levels, and a direct correlation between the CIC level and the apo-B/apo-A index
      were demonstrated. The variation of CIC levels in patients with atherosclerotic
      lesions of varying severity corresponded to that of the apo-B/apo-A index. The
      correlation of these parameters was particularly significant in coronary patients
      with 2 coronary vessels affected.

PMID- 3712957
TI  - [Prevention of heart damage by extreme physical stress and increasing its
      resistance to acute overstrain with the antioxidant ionol].
AB  - A study of the effect of extreme physical stress on the contractility of an
      isolated heart, its CPK loss associated with anoxia and reoxygenation, and
      myocardial adenyl components and lactate levels under acute overstrain of the
      heart achieved through a complete obstruction of the aorta, showed the animals
      doing exercise to have reduced cardiac contractility, increased perfusate CPK
      waste, and sharply decreased myocardial macroergic phosphate levels under acute
      overstrain by pressure. Pretreatment with ionol largely prevented these changes.

PMID- 3712958
TI  - [Suppression of platelet aggregation and the secretory reaction of thrombocytes
      with anti-arrhythmia preparations].

PMID- 3712959
TI  - [Evaluation of left-ventricular myocardial contractility in patients with
      ischemic heart disease using echocardiography during repeated atrial
      stimulation].

PMID- 3712960
TI  - [Effect of lidocaine on the leading cycle and focal source of arrhythmia in
      isolated specimens of rabbit cardiac tissue during hypothermia].

PMID- 3712961
TI  - [Use of kinilentin in patients with transient atrial fibrillation].

PMID- 3712962
TI  - [Diagnostic significance of late ventricular potentials].
AB  - A study using two methods of noninvasive registration of ventricular late
      potentials (VLP), computer averaging and beat-to-beat spatial averaging, was
      conducted in 27 patients with ventricular tachycardia and 11 healthy volunteers.
      Both techniques are described in detail. The duration of QRS complex on high
      resolution ECG was found to be significantly longer in patients with VLP as
      compared to those of patients without VLP and having ventricular tachycardia as
      well as healthy adults. The data obtained by both methods do not differ
      significantly. The beat-to-beat method was not informative in about 20% of cases
      because of the ineffective filtering procedure and the presence of myographic
      noise on the amplified CS. The duration of VLP was 44 +/- 20 ms in patients with
      documented ventricular tachycardia. The sensitivity of the assessment of
      arrhythmogenic ventricular activity was 70% with the computer method, and 59%
      with the beat-to-beat spatial averaging technique. The specificity and predictive
      value of both registration methods were 100%.

PMID- 3712963
TI  - [The "silent atria" in the sick sinus syndrome].

PMID- 3712964
TI  - [Physiologic electric stimulation of the heart (use of various types of implanted
      stimulators--indications and contraindications].

PMID- 3712965
TI  - Genetic factors in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.

PMID- 3712967
TI  - Interglomerular heterogeneity of filtration fraction among superficial nephrons:
      fact or artifact.
AB  - The variance (S2inter-G) in protein concentration (CE) of plasma samples
      collected by micropuncture from randomly chosen surface efferent arterioles was
      compared to the variance (S2intra-G) of samples collected and re-collected from
      the same efferent arterioles in 23 Munich-Wistar rats. During efferent arteriolar
      blood collection, an oil droplet was maintained with gentle suction downstream to
      the collection pipette to avoid disturbance of natural glomerular blood outflow.
      S2inter-G averaged 0.067 +/- 0.014 (SE), a value comparable to mean S2intra-G
      (0.075 +/- 0.016, P greater than 0.50), indicating that the degree of
      interglomerular heterogeneity in the value of filtration fraction is too small to
      detect with this micropuncture technique. When ten additional samples were
      collected using uncontrolled suction pressure, S2inter-G averaged 1.15 +/- 1.30,
      a value markedly greater than that obtained with controlled pressure. In six
      nephrons which possessed both glomeruli and efferent arterioles on the surface of
      the kidney, glomerular capillary pressure (PGC) was monitored during efferent
      arteriolar blood collection. Applying widely varied suction pressure, PGC changed
      as much as 42 mmHg, suggesting that improper suction pressure can alter
      glomerular pressures and flows, hence filtration fraction and CE. Thus, unlike
      renal proximal tubules, some of the rat renal efferent arterioles do not function
      as Starling resistors, which may, in turn, account for the wide variability in CE
      values reported recently by some investigators.

PMID- 3712966
TI  - Effects of glucagon and PTH on the loop of Henle of rat juxtamedullary nephrons.
AB  - We investigated by micropuncture the effects of glucagon and parathyroid hormone
      (PTH) on thin limbs of juxtamedullary nephrons of rats with reduced plasma
      concentration of endogenous glucagon, PTH, antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and
      calcitonin, all four hormones enhancing the adenylate-cyclase activity in the
      thick ascending limbs and the distal nephron. Such a hormonal depletion
      suppresses the corticomedullary concentration gradient, making favourable
      conditions for studying the influence of these hormones on the renal
      concentrating mechanism. Administration of glucagon (4.4 ng/min-1) or PTH (5
      mU/min-1) to these hormone-deprived rats elicited the expected decrease in
      urinary Mg and Ca fractional excretion without modifying either fractional or
      absolute excretion of water. At the tip of the loop, glucagon enhanced the loop
      fluid osmolality by 20%, but left the delivery of water unchanged. The Na and Cl
      concentrations increased significantly with the osmolality, resulting in a
      positive correlation between the fractional delivery of either ion and the loop
      fluid osmolality. PTH increased the fraction of filtered phosphate delivered to
      the thin limbs, as expected, but, in contrast to glucagon, did not alter either
      the Na, Cl, or total solute fractional deliveries. The Mg, Ca and K deliveries
      were unaffected by glucagon and PTH. In conclusion, glucagon, which activates the
      cyclase system of both the medullary and cortical portion of the thick ascending
      limb, enhances the delivery of salt to the tip of the loop by net sodium chloride
      addition to the descending limb. PTH which activates the adenyl-cyclase system
      only in the cortical thick ascending limb cannot enhance such NaCl delivery.
      NaCl, when added, might therefore originate from the medullary thick ascending
      limb.

PMID- 3712968
TI  - Relation of glomerular injury to preglomerular resistance in experimental
      hypertension.
AB  - A semiquantitative glomerular damage index (GDI) was determined for overall (O),
      superficial (S), and juxtamedullary (JM) glomeruli in four models of experimental
      hypertension in the rat to assess the severity and distribution of injury in
      light of present day knowledge of glomerular hemodynamics. After a four week
      period of similar hypertension, comparison of Group 1 (renal ablation) with Group
      2 (aortic ligature) revealed OGDIs of 0.420 +/- 0.064 (SEM) vs. 0.062 +/- 0.019,
      P less than 0.0001, SGDIs of 0.250 +/- 0.071 vs. 0.035 +/- 0.007, P less than
      0.0089, and JGDIs of 0.455 +/- 0.071 vs. 0.155 +/- 0.036, P less than 0.002.
      Within Group 1 the SGDI and JMGDI were not significantly different but within
      Group 2 the SGDI was less (P less than 0.005) than the JMGDI. Arterial/arteriolar
      damage was comparable in both groups. After an eight week period of similar
      hypertension, comparison of Group 3 (deoxycorticosterone-saline) with Group 4
      (stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats) showed OGDIs of 0.301 +/- 0.065
      vs. 0.128 +/- 0.023, P less than 0.025, SGDIs of 0.289 +/- 0.096 vs. 0.072 +/-
      0.015, P less than 0.044, and JMGDIs of 0.394 +/- 0.083 vs. 0.307 +/- 0.062, NS.
      Within Group 3 the SGDI and JMGDI were not significantly different, but within
      Group 4 the SGDI was less (P less than 0.002) than the JMGDI. Vascular damage in
      the two groups was comparable. Taking into account known physiologic data, the
      findings are consistent with the idea that increased preglomerular resistance is
      protective of glomeruli, whereas decreased resistance with increased pressure
      and/or flow is injurious.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3712969
TI  - Multiple effects of presumed glutathione depletors on rabbit proximal tubules.
AB  - The role of glutathione (GSH) in the protection of normal renal function has been
      investigated using rabbit proximal tubules. Compounds known to deplete GSH in
      various biological systems by alkylation (via GSH S-transferases, phorone; 2
      cyclohexen-1-one, CHX; diethyl maleate, DEM) or by inhibiting GSH synthesis
      (buthionine sulfoximine, BSO) were added to suspensions of proximal tubules and
      incubated for 60 min. BSO (1 or 5 mM) did not decrease GSH concentrations, O2
      consumption, or cause lactate dehydrogenase release (LDH). Concentrations of CHX
      (2 mM) and phorone (10 mM) that decreased GSH concentrations also inhibited O2
      consumption and caused LDH release. DEM (10 mM) did not significantly decrease
      GSH concentrations but did inhibit oxygen consumption and cause slight LDH
      release. Time-course studies using CHX (3 mM) showed that GSH levels and O2
      consumption decreased as early as 15 min while LDH release did not occur until 60
      min. These results show that: there may be a relationship between O2 consumption
      and GSH levels; agents that have been used historically to reduce GSH
      concentrations have other cytotoxic effects; and rabbit renal proximal tubules
      appear to be resistant to GSH depletion.

PMID- 3712970
TI  - Renal hemodynamics during separate and combined infusion of amino acids and
      dopamine.
AB  - Healthy volunteers (N = 9) and patients with varying degrees of renal
      insufficiency (N = 36) were given a low dose of dopamine and/or amino acids
      intravenously during a simultaneous measurement of the glomerular filtration rate
      and the effective renal plasma flow. Dopamine infusion led to a rise in the
      glomerular filtration rate and a fall in the filtration fraction. Infusion of
      amino acids was accompanied by an increase in the glomerular filtration rate
      while the filtration fraction remained unchanged or increased slightly. The
      highest values for the glomerular filtration were obtained during the combined
      infusion of amino acids and dopamine. A reserve in filtration capacity was not or
      hardly present in patients with moderate (GFR 30 to 90 mliter/min/1.73 M2) to
      severe (GFR less than 30 mliter/min/1.73 M2) renal insufficiency. We conclude
      that dopamine decreases total renal vascular resistance while amino acids mainly
      reduce the tone of afferent arterioles. As amino acids and dopamine seem to be
      additive in their effects on the glomerular filtration rate, we recommend the
      combined infusion of these two stimuli to measure renal reserve filtration
      capacity.

PMID- 3712971
TI  - Glomerular filtration surface in type I diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Previously we have shown that relative glomerular mesangial expansion was an
      important correlate of renal dysfunction in diabetes. To extend the understanding
      of structural functional relationships, 37 patients with type I diabetes mellitus
      for 5 to 33 years were studied with multiple creatinine clearance (Ccr), urinary
      albumin excretion, and blood pressure measurements, and percutaneous renal
      biopsies. Glomerular volume and percent sclerosed glomeruli were determined;
      quantitative stereology was performed to determine relative glomerular structural
      parameters. Per glomerulus we calculated mesangial volume and capillary
      filtration surface and per patient we estimated capillary filtration surface.
      Capillary filtration surface per glomerulus or per patient were highly predictive
      of Ccr (r = +0.78, r = +0.79, P less than 0.001). There was a significant but
      weak relationship between Ccr and mesangial volume. However, mesangial volume and
      glomerular volume together were highly predictive of both Ccr and filtration
      surface. Mesangial volume was increased and filtration surface decreased in the
      hypertensive patients and the patients with urinary albumin excretion less than
      250 mg/24 hr. Thus, it appears that mesangial expansion within a relatively large
      glomerulus has less influence on filtration than does a similar increase in
      mesangial volume within a smaller glomerulus. There is a striking relationship
      between glomerular filtration rate and filtration surface in diabetes throughout
      the range from hyperfiltration to significant hypofiltration.

PMID- 3712972
TI  - Transcapillary colloid osmotic gradient and body fluid volumes in renal failure.
AB  - The aim was to study the transcapillary fluid balance in dialysis patients during
      and after ultrafiltration. Plasma and subcutaneous interstitial fluid (wick
      technique) colloid osmotic pressure, plasma volume (I125-albumin space) and
      extracellular fluid volume (radiosulfate space) were measured in nine patients on
      maintenance hemodialysis before (pre-dialysis state) and after (dry-weight state)
      ultrafiltration. In the pre-dialysis state, interstitial colloid osmotic pressure
      was reduced compared to normal controls (12.7 +/- 3.5 versus 15.8 +/- 2.7 mmHg,
      mean values +/- SD) and transcapillary colloid osmotic gradient increased (15.3
      +/- 3.0 versus 12.8 +/- 2.7 mmHg). Ultrafiltration resulted in a parallel
      decrease of plasma volume and interstitial fluid volume of 19 to 20%, and an
      increase in mean interstitial colloid osmotic pressure of 3.4 mmHg and in mean
      transcapillary colloid osmotic gradient of 1.9 mmHg. The mean ultrafiltration
      rate was 21.9 +/- 1.9 ml/min and the plasma refilling rate was 16.5 +/- 2.7
      ml/min. It is concluded that the changes in plasma and interstitial fluid colloid
      osmotic pressure tend to preserve plasma volume and limit the interdialytic
      increase in interstitial fluid volume.

PMID- 3712973
TI  - Heterogeneity of the cardiovascular response to hemofiltration.
AB  - Twenty-one stable maintenance hemodialysis patients were studied in a crossover
      format with hemofiltration to determine whether the lower incidence of
      symptomatic hypotension noted with hemofiltration could be correlated with
      changes in baroreflex function as tested using the cold pressor test and amyl
      nitrite inhalation study. Baroreflex function remained abnormal and unchanged in
      all patients in the face of a reduced incidence of symptomatic hypotension.
      Subdivision of the patients into frequent (greater than 1 episode/treatment) and
      infrequent (less than 1 episode/treatment) reactors during the hemodialysis
      control period resulted in the infrequent reactors, showing a significant
      increase in episodes of symptomatic hypotension/hemofiltration treatment where a
      significant reduction was noted with the frequent reactors. No clear correlation
      could be made between the incidence of symptomatic hypotension and the pre- to
      post-treatment change in body temperature. The presence of pretreatment
      hypertension, another previously identified correlate of symptomatic hypotension
      with hemodialysis, also could not be corroborated. Further, changes from baseline
      predialysis values in mean arterial pressure noted with hemofiltration could not
      be correlated with a changed incidence of symptomatic hypotension. We conclude
      that previously identified correlates of symptomatic hypotension noted in the
      hemodialysis setting may be dissociated during treatment with hemofiltration and
      that there is a heterogeneous patient response to this treatment. These data
      suggest that there are additional, as yet undetermined, pathophysiologic events
      that underly the symptomatic hypotension of artificial kidney treatment.

PMID- 3712974
TI  - Treatment of acute renal failure in newborns by continuous arterio-venous
      hemofiltration.
AB  - The treatment of acute renal failure (ARF) in the newborn with hemo- or
      peritoneal dialysis is technically difficult and may even be contraindicated. As
      in the adult, continuous arterio-venous hemofiltration (CAVH) may be an
      alternative therapy. We used CAVH in the treatment of four newborns with ARF of
      different etiology. Two brachial, one femoral and one umbilical arteries were
      cannulated as arterial access, while three jugular and one umbilical veins were
      used as venous return. An Amicon 0.005 m2 Polysulphon Hollow Fiber hemofilter was
      connected to the patient with shortened pediatric hemodialysis lines. Total blood
      volume of the extracorporeal circuit was 15 to 22 ml. Before starting the
      procedure, an initial bolus of heparin was administered to the patient (100
      i.u./kg body wt) and a successive continuous heparin administration was provided
      during the treatment at the rate of 5 to 7 i.u./kg/hr. Hyperalimentation and/or
      buffer solutions were used as replacement fluids and were administered according
      to the patient's fluid balance. mean data in the four patients are summarized as
      follows. The age of the patients ranged from two to 12 days, while the average
      body weight was about 3 kg. The ultrafiltration rate during the treatment
      averaged 0.9 ml/min with a plasma flow ranging from 9.8 to 19.6 ml/min. The
      treatment duration varied from 30 to 86 hrs. The treatment was well tolerated
      (patients 1 and 2 recovered, and patients 3 and 4 died due to complications
      unrelated to the treatment). Arterial pressure remained stable during the
      procedure. Metabolic acidosis, when present, was corrected by increasing the
      amount of buffer administered. BUN was maintained below 60 mg/dl in three
      patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3712975
TI  - Effect of colloid volume expansion on glomerular barrier size-selectivity in
      humans.
AB  - Colloid volume expansion magnifies proteinuria in subjects with the nephrotic
      syndrome. To elucidate this phenomenon, we performed differential solute
      clearances prior to and following infusion of hyperoncotic albumin in 21
      nephrotic subjects and seven healthy controls. Urinary excretion rate and
      fractional clearance of albumin (radius = 36 A) and immunoglobulin G (radius = 55
      A) increased significantly in nephrotic subjects. However, urinary albumin
      excretion rate was unchanged in controls. The fractional clearances of dextrans
      of broad size distribution (radii = 28 to 58 A) were markedly altered in both
      groups following albumin infusion. A heteroporous model which depicts the major
      portion of the glomerular capillary wall as an isoporous membrane (pore radius
      approximately 55 A) and the minor portion as a non-discriminatory shunt, revealed
      the latter to be much more prominent in nephrotic subjects than in controls, and
      to be enlarged further following albumin infusion. By contrast no increase in
      pore size of the non-shunt pathway occurred in either group. We infer that
      enhancement of a pre-existing defect of glomerular size-selectivity in nephrotic
      subjects accounts, in large part, for exaggerated proteinuria in the colloid
      volume-expanded state. Increases in glomerular perfusion rate and pressure
      associated with plasma hypervolemia may mediate this alteration in glomerular
      membrane-pore structure.

PMID- 3712977
TI  - Abstracts. The Dutch Society of Nephrology. Amsterdam, The Netherlands, October
      19, 1985.

PMID- 3712976
TI  - Effects of aluminum addition on parathyroid tissue incubation medium composition.

PMID- 3712978
TI  - [Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in childhood].

PMID- 3712979
TI  - [Infusion therapy of hypertonic dehydration. 1].

PMID- 3712980
TI  - [Emergencies in childhood. 2. Emergencies in the neonatal period].

PMID- 3712981
TI  - [Prognosis of febrile convulsions].

PMID- 3712982
TI  - [Main problems of the pathology and treatment of electric burns].

PMID- 3712983
TI  - [Use of salicylic acid ointment for chemical necrectomy in deep burns].

PMID- 3712984
TI  - [Use of hemosorption for normalization of electrolyte metabolism and kidney
      function in the acute periods of burns].

PMID- 3712985
TI  - [Effect of hemosorption on the course of the wound process in burns].

PMID- 3712987
TI  - [Evaluation of thrombosis risk in severely burned patients at the stage of acute
      burn toxemia].

PMID- 3712986
TI  - [Cryogenic methods of treating post-burn scars].

PMID- 3712988
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of frostbite].

PMID- 3712989
TI  - [Evaluation of the methods of blood substitution during the surgical treatment of
      pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 3712990
TI  - [Characteristics of changes in acid-base equilibrium and the level of
      underoxidized products of metabolism during surgery and in the early
      postoperative period in patients with surgical diseases of the adrenal glands].

PMID- 3712991
TI  - [The blood coagulation system during hemosorption in the treatment of patients
      with arteriosclerotic occlusions of the arteries of the lower extremities].

PMID- 3712992
TI  - [Study of a local alginate hemostatic agent].

PMID- 3712993
TI  - [Tactics in the treatment of severe burns in isolators with a controlled air
      environment].

PMID- 3712994
TI  - [Technical means of cryotherapy of burns].

PMID- 3712995
TI  - [Amputation of the extremities in burns].

PMID- 3712996
TI  - [Quantitative evaluation and correction of microcirculatory disorders in burns].

PMID- 3712997
TI  - [Treatment of frostbite in the pre-reactive phase].

PMID- 3712998
TI  - [Use of blood effused into the pleural cavity in patients with thoracic
      injuries].

PMID- 3712999
TI  - [Step-by-step treatment of patients with electrothermal injuries].

PMID- 3713000
TI  - [Various problems of the organization of emergency medical services for patients
      with burns].

PMID- 3713001
TI  - [Responsibility of physicians refusing to provide medical services to patients].

PMID- 3713002
TI  - [Ultrastructure and succinate dehydrogenase activity of lymphocytes in burns and
      the effect of alpha tocopherol].

PMID- 3713003
TI  - [Anesthesia in emergency surgical interventions in patients with hypoplastic
      anemia].

PMID- 3713004
TI  - [A device for the treatment of severely burned patients in a controlled
      abacterial environment using an aerotherapeutic unit ATU-3].

PMID- 3713005
TI  - [Complications of burn infection and the condition of the barrier function of the
      skin in children with burns].

PMID- 3713006
TI  - [Re-laparotomy in early acute adhesive intestinal obstruction].

PMID- 3713007
TI  - [Effect of autologous transfusion of UV-irradiated blood on nonspecific
      resistance in patients with acute appendicitis].

PMID- 3713008
TI  - [Methods of sanation of the abdominal cavity in acute peritonitis].

PMID- 3713009
TI  - [Characteristics of the diagnosis and treatment of acute surgical diseases of the
      abdominal organs in patients with acute myocardial infarction].

PMID- 3713010
TI  - [A new approach in the complex treatment of open injuries].

PMID- 3713011
TI  - [Replantation of detached segments of the lower extremities (tactical and
      surgical-technical aspects)].

PMID- 3713012
TI  - [Re-laparotomy in early acute postoperative intestinal obstruction].

PMID- 3713013
TI  - [Simultaneous operations in emergency surgery].

PMID- 3713014
TI  - [Therapeutic tactics in gastroduodenal ulcer hemorrhages in middle-aged and
      elderly patients].

PMID- 3713015
TI  - [Teaching students to render emergency surgical services in a rural medical
      dispensary].

PMID- 3713016
TI  - [Methods of improving the training of surgeons-interns in accordance with the
      requirements of the new program].

PMID- 3713017
TI  - [Acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage during pregnancy].

PMID- 3713018
TI  - [Ruptured aneurysm of the left gastric artery].

PMID- 3713019
TI  - [Unusual penetrating injury of the posterior gastric wall].

PMID- 3713020
TI  - [Combined penetrating injury of the stomach, pancreas and portal vein].

PMID- 3713021
TI  - [Multiple perforations of acute esophageal ulcers].

PMID- 3713022
TI  - [Ruptured diaphragm in blunt injury of the chest and abdomen].

PMID- 3713023
TI  - [Acute gallbladder ulcer after stomach resection].

PMID- 3713024
TI  - [Isolated rupture of the gallbladder artery in blunt abdominal injury].

PMID- 3713025
TI  - [Combination of acute cholecystopancreatitis and necrosis of an accessory
      pancreas].

PMID- 3713026
TI  - [Subcapsular rupture of the spleen with formation of a retroperitoneal cyst].

PMID- 3713027
TI  - [Cholelithic ileus].

PMID- 3713028
TI  - [Combination of 3 acute surgical diseases of the abdominal organs in an elderly
      female patient].

PMID- 3713029
TI  - [Perforation of Meckel's diverticulum by a fish bone].

PMID- 3713030
TI  - [Encapsulation of a fish bone in the greater omentum].

PMID- 3713031
TI  - [Combination of acute phlegmonous appendicitis and destructive cholecystitis].

PMID- 3713032
TI  - [Left retroperitoneal phlegmon as a complication of destructive appendicitis].

PMID- 3713033
TI  - [Destructive appendicitis in combination with torsion of a left ovarian cyst].

PMID- 3713034
TI  - [The course of acute appendicitis in patients with diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 3713035
TI  - [Acute phlegmonous appendicitis in a patient with appendico-cecal fistula].

PMID- 3713036
TI  - [Combined injury of the left thigh, abdominal and thoracic organs with a foreign
      body].

PMID- 3713037
TI  - [A method for the prevention of thromboembolic complications after appendectomy].

PMID- 3713038
TI  - [A fasciotomy].

PMID- 3713039
TI  - [The possibilities of using an electric field in the complex surgical treatment
      of acute complicated cholecystitis].

PMID- 3713040
TI  - [Surgeon's tactics in acute cholecystitis in patients with diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 3713041
TI  - [Early complications of vagotomy].

PMID- 3713042
TI  - [Relaparotomy after appendectomy].

PMID- 3713044
TI  - [Pneumo-obturator for a controlled colostomy].

PMID- 3713043
TI  - [Use of copper-vapor laser radiation for the evaporation of atherosclerotic
      lesions of the major arteries in vitro].

PMID- 3713045
TI  - [Correction of gastric acid formation during the surgical treatment of duodenal
      ulcer].

PMID- 3713046
TI  - [Laparocentesis with chromatography of the digestive tract gases in the diagnosis
      of closed injuries of the hollow abdominal organs].

PMID- 3713047
TI  - [Rare complication following gastrectomy].

PMID- 3713048
TI  - [Mucocele of the appendix].

PMID- 3713049
TI  - [Cicatricial stenosis of the jejunum after a chemical burn].

PMID- 3713050
TI  - [Development of acute kidney failure as a consequence of ureteral compression by
      a giant abscess].

PMID- 3713051
TI  - [Risk factors in selective proximal vagotomy].

PMID- 3713052
TI  - [Means for improving the surgical results in duodenal peptic ulcer].

PMID- 3713053
TI  - [Antrum-preserving resection of the stomach in chronic duodenal ulcer].

PMID- 3713054
TI  - [Results of selective proximal vagotomy in patients with hypersecretion].

PMID- 3713055
TI  - [Surgical treatment of distal duodenal ulcer].

PMID- 3713056
TI  - [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of ulcers in the cardial portion of the
      stomach].

PMID- 3713057
TI  - [Treatment of gastric polyps].

PMID- 3713058
TI  - [Clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment of combined pathology--burn stricture
      of the esophagus and hiatal hernia].

PMID- 3713059
TI  - [Treatment of eventration with peritonitis and suppuration of the surgical
      wound].

PMID- 3713061
TI  - [Diagnostic puncture controlled by computed tomography following operations for
      rectal cancer].

PMID- 3713060
TI  - [Changes in the function of the rectal obturator apparatus in patients with
      nonspecific ulcerative colitis].

PMID- 3713062
TI  - [Topographic anatomical possibilities for preserving the blood supply of a large
      intestine graft after abdominoanal resection of the rectum (experimental
      research)].

PMID- 3713063
TI  - [Study of the bile in the diagnosis of cholelithiasis].

PMID- 3713064
TI  - [Relation of the method of echinococcectomy to the developmental stage of the
      parasite].

PMID- 3713065
TI  - [Diagnostic and therapeutic problems in nonspecific spontaneous pneumothorax].

PMID- 3713066
TI  - [Abdominal actinomycosis].

PMID- 3713067
TI  - [Use of ampoxen mesh in the surgical treatment of postoperative defects and
      hernias of the anterior abdominal wall].

PMID- 3713068
TI  - [Optimal time for the treatment of hypospadias].

PMID- 3713069
TI  - [Clinical and laboratory indicators in hepatic echinococcosis].

PMID- 3713070
TI  - [Abdominal form of Schoenlein-Henoch disease. Description of 2 cases].

PMID- 3713071
TI  - [Closed injury of the esophagus in childhood complicated by retropharyngeal,
      retroesophageal abscess, mediastinitis and osteomyelitis].

PMID- 3713072
TI  - [Case of benign hemangiopericytoma of the stomach].

PMID- 3713073
TI  - [Case of spontaneous rupture of the spleen].

PMID- 3713074
TI  - [Serum potassium and mean arterial pressure under the conditions of bypass
      circulation].

PMID- 3713075
TI  - [Acute appendicitis in situs viscerum inversus].

PMID- 3713076
TI  - [Successful vascular approach--criterion for adequate dialysis].

PMID- 3713077
TI  - [Technic and results of iridocyclectomy].
AB  - From 1972 to 1983 iridocyclectomy was performed in 18 patients because of an
      invasive growing tumor of the iris and ciliary body. Surgical techniques were
      those of Mackensen (1972), the trap-door technique, and a trepanation of the
      sclerocornea with regrafting. In 16 out of 18 cases total removal of the tumor
      was accomplished; in two cases there was a recurrence. In the other cases it was
      possible to preserve useful visual acuity.

PMID- 3713078
TI  - [Glaucoma visual fields and filtering operations].
AB  - Visual field defects already existing in 81 eyes prior to goniotrepanation
      (Elliot-Fronimopoulos) were followed up for up to 84 months postoperatively. In
      11 eyes there were slight peripheral limitations due to cataract formation. In
      all of the other cases the visual fields were unchanged.

PMID- 3713079
TI  - [Value of serologic tumor tests in malignant melanoma of the choroid].
AB  - In about 350 patients with malignant melanoma of the choroid 32 serological tumor
      tests, specific as well as nonspecific, were carried out. Significant differences
      were found in: leukocyte adherence inhibition test (LAI), electrophoresis
      mobility test (EMT), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), acid alpha-1-glycoprotein
      (AGP), immunoglobin G, vitamin A, copper, and magnesium. For early diagnosis of
      malignant melanoma of the choroid the LAI test, together with the examination of
      immunoreactive lymphocyte subpopulations (helper and suppressor cells) proved to
      be the most valuable.

PMID- 3713080
TI  - [Local anesthesia with accidental perforation of the eye--an acute emergency?].
AB  - A report on 3 instances of accidental injection of lidocaine into the eye. Among
      the immediate reactions were (1) development of corneal edema due to an abrupt
      rise in intraocular pressure, (2) dilatation and paralysis of the pupil, (3)
      decrease of visual acuity to light perception. In 2 of the patients pupillary
      reaction and retinal function recovered completely; the third developed a
      permanent field defect. The effects of intraocular injection of lidocaine,
      epinephrine and hyaluronidase were subsequently studied in an animal model. The
      corneal and pupillary reactions of the animals correlated with those of the 3
      patients. The b-wave of the electroretinogram, representing the function of the
      internal retinal layers, was temporarily extinguished but recovered completely
      after 4 hours. Subsequent light and electron microscopic study of the animal
      retinas did not reveal any drug induced damage. Following intraocular injection
      of lidocaine, epinephrine, or hyaluronidase permanent damage to the retina or
      irreversible reduction in visual acuity was observed neither in the first 2
      patients nor in the animals.

PMID- 3713081
TI  - [Silicone oil in epiretinal membranes 3-4 months following implantation:
      microscopic findings in 2 cases].
AB  - After vitrectomy and silicone oil instillation, several oil inclusions were found
      on histologic examination of recurrent epiretinal membranes 3-4 months after oil
      instillation. The authors discuss how far an early emulsification of silicone oil
      stimulates macrophages as well as other proliferating cells and thus leads to
      impregnation and reproliferation of epiretinal membranes. If highly refined oil
      is used, impregnation and its complications will perhaps become less significant.

PMID- 3713082
TI  - [Laser scotometry in macular diseases].
AB  - Retinal sensitivity is examined by projecting the aiming beam of an argon krypton
      laser photocoagulator onto the fundus through a contact lens. Even at normal
      intensity the brightness of the projected aiming on the retina is much greater
      than the maximum-intensity light target in ordinary scotometry. The discrepancy
      between scotomata when comparing the results of ordinary and laser scotometry
      suggests a potential for recovery of visual function, especially in macular
      diseases. This examination is practicable even if there is slight opacity of the
      media. By setting the laser beam at sufficiently low intensity, relative
      scotomata can be detected.

PMID- 3713083
TI  - [Spherolith of the lens with cholesterol inclusion].
AB  - A cholesterol crystal with high birefringence was found in a spheroid body of low
      birefringence (calcium oxalate and calcium carbonate).

PMID- 3713084
TI  - [Pattern ERG in X-chromosome juvenile retinoschisis].
AB  - Typical electroretinographic findings in x-chromosomal juvenile retinoschisis are
      a normal a-wave and a reduced b-wave suggesting that the primary defect is
      located at the level of the bipolar cell layer whereas deeper retinal structures
      are not basically affected. The marked amplitude reduction in the pattern-ERG
      suggests to look for the origin of response in the inner retinal layer or in
      subsequent structures.

PMID- 3713085
TI  - [Comparative scanning electron microscopy studies of the posterior chamber lenses
      of the Sinskey-Kratz type and similar models].
AB  - Intraocular lenses made by ten different manufacturers were selected at random
      from the stock available for implantation and studied with the scanning electron
      microscope. There were striking differences in the surfaces and the ends of the
      haptic loops.

PMID- 3713086
TI  - [Preoperative preparation for cataract operation in artificial lens
      implantation].
AB  - A method of producing ocular hypotony, a decrease in motility, sufficient
      akinesia of the facial nerve as well as deep analgesia is described. This
      procedure seems to be more comfortable for the patient and preferable for the
      surgeon because it is safe. It consists of a single retrobulbar injection using a
      high-capacity syringe and oculopression at a higher pressure with a special
      instrument over a period of 20 minutes. The advantage of this method, some
      theoretical information, and the author's experience with it are communicated.

PMID- 3713087
TI  - [Use of botulinum toxin in ophthalmology].
AB  - Botulin toxin A was introduced as a treatment in ophthalmology by Dr. Scott of
      San Francisco. One important application is in cases of blepharospasm, where the
      toxin is injected into the lateral parts of the lower and upper lid and, if
      necessary, over the eyebrows in a single dose of 1-2 nanograms, preferably using
      a needle under electromyographic control. The effect on the blepharospasm is
      visible after a few days and lasts for several months. The procedure can be
      repeated several times. The second application is in cases of strabismus. In
      paralytic strabismus, contracture of the antagonist of the paralyzed muscle can
      be weakened by local injection of botulin toxin with a coaxial electrode under
      electromyographic control. Good results were observed in cases of eye muscle
      disorders in endocrine ophthalmopathy. In concomitant strabismus (exotropia or
      esotropia) administration of botulin toxin is also possible although a certain
      paresis of the injected muscle has to be taken into account. The doses for
      strabismus vary between 1/2 and 2 nanograms of the toxin. The administration of
      botulin toxin either in blepharospasm or strabismus has no systemic side effects
      and is a safe procedure if performed under careful electromyographic control.
      First personal experiences in the treatment both of blepharospasmus as well
      paralytic strabismus and concomitant strabismus are reported.

PMID- 3713088
TI  - [Peripheral proliferative vitreoretinopathy in intermediary uveitis].
AB  - Certain types of intermediary uveitis are accompanied by proliferative
      vitreoretinopathy and retinal detachment. As a rule both complications are
      confined to the fundus periphery; they often occur simultaneously but they are
      not always related to one another. Exudate plaques and/or neovascularizations at
      the base of the vitreous are the precursors of peripheral proliferative
      vitreoretinopathy. Clinical findings and their therapeutic consequences are
      discussed.

PMID- 3713089
TI  - [Can the use of infrared photography give evidence of the prognosis of hereditary
      macular degeneration?].
AB  - The question as to whether infrared photography can help determine the prognosis
      of hereditary macular degeneration cannot be answered simply in the affirmative
      or negative. Changes in the retinal surface layers are not detected by infrared
      photography. Therefore, no statement can be made regarding the prognosis of these
      types of macular degeneration. As far as macular degenerations of the deeper
      layers of the fundus are concerned, it cannot be stated as a general rule that
      severe changes in the infrared photograph imply a worse prognosis. Rather, one
      has to differentiate on the basis of the form and limitations of the defects.
      Infrared photography furnishes prognostic information by facilitating
      differential diagnosis between the prognostically favorable central areolar
      choroidal atrophy and the unfavorable progressive diffuse atrophy of the choroid.
      Further pointers to the prognosis can be obtained by differentiation between
      Stargardt's macular degeneration and diseases with favorable prognoses, which
      appear similar at the fundus, namely central areolar choroidal atrophy and
      dominant macular degeneration, which has a relatively benign course. In
      Stargardt's macular degeneration infrared photography seems to provide the
      following prognostic information: whether the degeneration is limited to the
      macula; whether flavimaculatus spots appear, or whether diffuse chorioatrophic
      degeneration will occur.

PMID- 3713090
TI  - [Retinal angiomatoses].
AB  - The three classical angiomatoses of the retina are described on the basis of the
      clinical picture. If early diagnosis is possible, the otherwise inevitable
      progression to exudative retinal detachment and secondary glaucoma may be avoided
      through extensive coagulation by laser, xenon or cryopexy. - The prognosis is
      best in Leber's retinitis; it in much poorer in cases of von Hippel-Lindau
      angiomatosis and primary Coats' disease.

PMID- 3713091
TI  - [Pseudoprecipitates].
AB  - As a rule acute primary glaucoma can be diagnosed easily; however, if it is
      accompanied by pseudoprecipitates (precipitate-like changes of the posterios
      surface of the cornea), it can simulate a secondary, inflammatory increase in
      pressure. Pseudoprecipitates are thought to be caused by pressure-induced lesions
      of the corneal endothelium. They differ from true precipitates by their shape and
      distribution and appear to be a facultative sign of acute primary glaucoma. In
      cases with pseudoprecipitates examination of the corneal endothelium with the
      specular microscope does not reveal any specific findings, only an edema of the
      corneal endothelium (so-called cornea pseudoguttata).

PMID- 3713092
TI  - [Injuries of the corneal endothelium].
AB  - Examples of "endogenous" or direct and "endogenous" or indirect endothelial
      trauma are presented. Corneal contusion, McCannel suture, YAG laser iridectomy,
      congenital luxation of the lens, and chronic over wearing of contact lenses all
      cause traumatic changes. The etiology and effects of these changes are discussed.
      Specular microscopy of the corneal endothelium permits good clinical control of
      both the trauma and wound healing.

PMID- 3713093
TI  - [Perforating eye injuries with multiple intraocular foreign bodies following
      military maneuver accidents].
AB  - Nine patients sustained massive ocular injuries mostly bilateral, caused by
      practice ammunition fragments during military maneuvers. The injuries consisted
      of severe contusion and perforation damage to the cornea, traumatic cataract,
      vitreous hemorrhage, and multiple small intraocular foreign bodies frequently
      impacting on or penetrating the retina. Extraction of the foreign bodies was
      difficult, usually because they could not be localized preoperatively, because of
      optical problems due to corneal opacifications and frequent hemorrhages, and
      because of a lack of posterior vitreous detachment. Nevertheless, in the 15 eyes
      which underwent secondary surgery travel vision (1/35 to 0.2) was achieved in
      three and good visual acuity (0.3 to 1.0) in eight. Only four eyes ended up with
      practical blindness (LP to hand movements) due to retinal traction detachments
      with proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

PMID- 3713094
TI  - [Wound healing of the corneal posterior surface in animal experiments].
AB  - Autoradiographic studies using tritiated thymidine as a precursor of DNA
      synthesis show that the process of wound healing of the corneal endothelium in
      both rhesus monkeys and rabbits following scarification and cryocoagulation takes
      place for the most part by means of cell proliferation. After injection of
      tritiated thymidine into the anterior chamber immediately prior to sacrifice,
      autoradiographically labeled flat mounts and cross-section preparations of the
      corneas of 7 rhesus monkeys and 14 rabbits were examined at lesion ages ranging
      from 4 hours to 10 days. In the monkeys scarcely 10% of the endothelial cells in
      the areas of the corneal lesions or at their borders were in the S-phase in the
      autoradiographically labeled flat mounts 24 hours to 3 days after injury, whereas
      up to 39% of those in the rabbits were seen to be so after 18 hours. In the
      monkeys one could discern mitoses between the 2nd and 5th days, and amitoses
      (binuclear cells) were found in 1-day and 3-day animals. In rabbits numerous
      mitoses could be discerned between the 1st and 5st days, but no multinuclear
      cells were seen. Healing of the corneal endothelium in the monkeys occurred some
      what later and was less pronounced than in the rabbits.

PMID- 3713096
TI  - [Congenital cystic eye].
AB  - Report on 2 cases of congenital cystic eye. In the first case the unilateral
      defect was the only malformation, without any chromosomal aberration. The second
      patient presented with a congenital cystic eye, on the right and a severe
      microphthalmos of the left eye, as well as several other malformations. Genetic
      investigations revealed a gross defect of a chromosome 13 (13q- deletion
      syndrome; so-called Orbeli syndrome).

PMID- 3713095
TI  - [Roundish crystal formations in the retina and vitreous body (calcium oxalate and
      scintillatio nivea)].
AB  - Crystals of calcium oxalate in the outer layers of the retina are usually found
      in blind eyes with long-standing retinal detachment. The crystals are strongly
      birefringent, mostly radially arranged, and round. In asteroid hyalosis - the
      scintillatio nivea of the vitreous - the crystals are always closely related to
      vitreous fibrils or the limiting membrane. The birefringent bodies are apparently
      formed and initially often covered by vitreous cells (hyalocytes). The
      birefringence corresponds to that of brushite (Ca HPO4 X 2 H2O).

PMID- 3713097
TI  - [Hypotension syndrome caused by shrinkage of the lens capsule].
AB  - Two cases of ocular hypotony in myopic eyes following extracapsular surgery are
      described. A trampoline-like shrinkage of the posterior capsule and severe
      hypotony developed four and eight weeks after cataract extraction without IOL
      implantation. After discussion of the capsule by YAG-laser an IOP overshoot to
      more than 50 mmHg occurred, but three weeks later the IOP had dropped to normal
      values without further medical treatment. All transition stages to hypotony seem
      to be possible, thus explaining the well-known pressure-lowering effect of
      extracapsular cataract surgery can be understood.

PMID- 3713098
TI  - [Attention shifting and dissociated vertical squint].
AB  - Some patients with dissociated vertical deviation show an increasing upward drift
      of their squinting eye when reading small numbers at a distance of 5 m, making a
      special effort to shift attention to the non-squinting eye. This finding is at
      variance with the view that the manifestation of dissociated vertical deviation
      may be induced by visual inattention. The phenomenon could be explained by
      analogy to the occlusion test, by a binocular imbalance in visual information
      processing. The phenomenon may be found frequently in patients who require
      surgery for an especially disfiguring intermittent vertical squint. Looking for
      the phenomenon may be useful when deciding whether to operate for a dissociated
      vertical deviation: If increasing vertical deviation is observed during binocular
      acuity testing, surgical treatment should be considered.

PMID- 3713099
TI  - [Cyclosporin treatment in uveitis].
AB  - With Cyclosporin, a recently developed immunosuppressant drug, the authors
      treated eight patients with noninfectious chronic uveitis: intermediate uveitis
      (4), Behcet's disease (2), chorioiditis (1), and anterior uveitis (1). Therapy
      had to be discontinued in six patients who responded poorly or manifested severe
      side effects. In four cases the Cyclosporin concentration in the aqueous humor
      was determined. In spite of a concentration of about 900 ng/ml there was a
      deterioration in two cases with intermediate uveitis and Behcet's disease. Only
      one of the eight patients with intermediate uveitis responded well without any
      recurrence.

PMID- 3713100
TI  - [Reasonableness of surgical interventions and compliance responsibilities in
      various insurance fields and under the social compensation law].
AB  - According to the German Social Legal Code I (I. Sozialgesetzbuch, SGB I) the
      recipient of social benefits is under obligation to submit to medical treatment
      if such treatment would result in an improvement of his/her condition or in the
      prevention of further deterioration (section 63 SGB I). In certain situations,
      lack of cooperation may result in total or partial refusalor withdrawal of
      benefits (section 66 SGB I). This social law parallels the civil law which can
      recognize, in the area of private liability, co-delinquency in cases of refusal
      of reasonable treatment (section 157. section 242 and 254 GBG). In private
      liability insurance, the acceptance of reasonable medical treatments is
      contractually anchored. - In practice, the underwriter is generally unable to
      enforce surgical interventions. In the administration of social benefits surgical
      measures are exempt from the obligation of cooperation through administrative
      rules and guidelines of the regional state departments. The entitlement to
      pensions for the visually handicapped ("Blindengeld"), based on the Federal
      Social Benefit Law (BSHG), is regulated at the state level through state
      organizations. The corresponding state laws do not provide for the termination of
      support in cases of refusal of reasonable and prognostically promising
      operations. The recipients of pensions for the blind are not addressed in SGB I.
      Benefit recipients are therefore not penalized for refusing reasonable medical
      measures. - In legal accident insurance and legal social security insurance there
      exist, under certain conditions, obligations to cooperate in line with SGB
      I.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3713101
TI  - [Effect of adjuvant immunoglobulin therapy on infections in patients in an
      surgical intensive care unit. Results of a randomized controlled study].
AB  - A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on the effects of
      immunoglobulin in therapy for infections in 104 intensive care patients. At the
      first sign of infection, one group of 50 patients received an i.v. preparation of
      immunoglobulin (4 X 100 ml) combined with antibiotics. The other 54 control
      patients received antibiotics alone. The most common infections in these patients
      were pneumonia, septicemia, peritonitis and wound sepsis. Infections were
      significantly seldom the cause of death, especially in patients with high-risk
      surgery who had been treated with immunoglobulin (p less than or equal to 0.05).
      Likewise ventilation time in the high-risk surgery group averaged only 5.5 days
      for those receiving immunoglobulin as opposed to 12.7 days in controls (p less
      than or equal to 0.01). Whereas the control group, in particular patients with
      pneumonia, remained in intensive care an average of 21.5 days, those receiving
      immunoglobulin stayed only 14.8 days (p less than or equal to 0.01). In general,
      patients treated with immunoglobulin recovered more rapidly from infections than
      did controls (p less than or equal to 0.01).

PMID- 3713102
TI  - Effect of chronic beta-adrenergic blockade on exercise-induced leukocytosis.
AB  - Chronic beta-receptor blockade on exercise-induced leukocytosis was studied in 11
      hypertensive males. Blood samples for determinating leukocytes were taken before
      and during the 6th min and the 30th min of submaximal exercise, at maximal
      exercise, and 5 and 15 min after work. Lymphocytosis and granulocytosis were
      found to be dependent on the intensity and duration of the exercise. Leukocytosis
      during short-term and long-term exercise was due to both a lymphocytosis and
      granulocytosis. Under resting conditions, the chronic beta-receptor blockade
      caused a significant decrease of neutrophil granulocytes. Both the patients and
      the controls showed the same percent increase in leukocytes compared with the
      untreated control study. This suggests that the adrenergic system does not play
      the primary role in exercise-induced leukocytosis.

PMID- 3713104
TI  - [Analgesics in general practice].

PMID- 3713103
TI  - Acute interstitial nephritis and non-oliguric renal failure after cefaclor
      treatment.
AB  - A case of acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) developing after cefaclor treatment
      is reported. Diagnosis was proofed by kidney biopsy and lymphocyte transformation
      test. The clinical course of the patient with non-oliguric renal failure was
      favourable. Four weeks after discontinuation of cefaclor treatment the renal
      function was completely restored and remained stable over the ten-month follow-up
      period. It is concluded that cefaclor can cause hyperallergic AIN and acute renal
      failure.

PMID- 3713105
TI  - [Differential diagnosis in fever of unknown origin: significance of concomitant
      clinical symptoms].
AB  - Between 1978 and 1984, 169 patients were admitted to the hospital for fever of
      unknown origin which was repeatedly above 38.3 degrees C. After a retrospective
      analysis of their records the patients were divided into two groups on the basis
      of the following new criteria. The first group (74 patients) was described as
      having "monosymptomatic fever", i.e. fever without any other physical signs,
      whereas the second group (95 patients) had "polysymptomatic fever", i.e. fever
      with additional physical signs. In 56 patients (76%) of the monosymptomatic group
      fever had lasted longer than 3 weeks prior to admission. In 86% of these patients
      case history, physical examination, microbiological tests, serological tests for
      microorganisms and outoimune antibodies, and microscopic inspections of tissue
      and/or bone marrow led to a diagnosis. Malignancies, factitious fever and fever
      of unknown origin were found only in this group. The patients with malignancies
      were generally older than the rest of the patients (p less than 0.05), and eight
      of ten patients suffering from connective tissue diseases also had
      monosymptomatic fever. The incidence of infections in this group was 42% (31
      cases), in contrast to 88% (84 cases) in the polysymptomatic group (p less than
      0.05). Whereas the latter had significantly more bacterial infections (p less
      than 0.05), viral infections prevailed in the monosymptomatic group (p less than
      0.05). Thus, the etiology of polysymptomatic fever distinctly differed from that
      of monosymptomatic fever. Since the frequency distribution of etiologies in the
      monosymptomatic group corresponded to that of the cases of fever of unknown
      origin in the literature, differentiation into monosymptomatic and
      polysymptomatic fever might be helpful in determining further diagnostic workup
      of patients with fever of unknown origin.

PMID- 3713107
TI  - Regression of valvular aortic stenosis due to homozygous familial
      hypercholesterolemia following plasmapheresis.
AB  - A 39-year-old male with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia confirmed by
      tissue culture suffered from mild aortic insufficiency and valvular stenosis with
      a gradient of 20 mm Hg across the aortic valve. Plasmapheresis carried out every
      2 weeks for 4 years resulted in a marked reduction in the serum cholesterol level
      and in a regression of the valvular stenosis, as shown by echocardiography and by
      left heart catheter.

PMID- 3713106
TI  - [Acute factitious hyperthyroidism--moderate clinical symptoms in 3 cases under
      beta-blocker treatment].
AB  - The clinical and laboratory findings are described in three patients who ingested
      large amounts of L-thyroxine (two cases) and L-thyroxine together with L
      triiodothyronine and who were treated with propranolol. Serum concentrations of
      thyroxine (maximum values 75 micrograms/dl, 64 micrograms/dl, and 20
      micrograms/dl, respectively; normal range 4-12 micrograms/dl), triiodothyronine
      (maximum values 837 ng/dl, 453 ng/dl, and 566 ng/dl, resp.; normal range 80-180
      ng/dl), reverse triiodothyronine (maximum values 235 ng/dl, 190 ng/dl, and 65
      ng/dl, resp.; normal range 10-40 ng/dl) as well as free thyroxine equivalent and
      free triiodothyronine equivalent were monitored daily until they reached the
      normal range. Statistical analysis of the kinetics of these parameters indicated
      that the extreme thyroxine conversion was directed toward reverse
      triiodothyronine, partly due to the treatment with the beta-adrenergic blocker
      propranolol. The striking discrepancy between the high concentrations of the
      active hormones and the moderate clinical symptoms was most likely caused by
      peripheral effects of propranolol.

PMID- 3713109
TI  - Hypothesis: selective ineffective humoral immune responsiveness as a possible
      cause of certain chronic inflammatory disorders. Theoretical considerations and
      rationale for treatment.

PMID- 3713108
TI  - Myoadenylate deaminase deficiency.
AB  - This report concerns two unrelated males; one had sarcoidosis, sarcoid myopathy
      and muscle weakness, and the other had exercise-induced weakness and myalgia.
      Both patients had a lack of ammonia rise in their serum after an ischemic work
      test, minimal histochemical activity of myoadenylate deaminase in repeated muscle
      biopsies, and less than 5% of normal biochemical activity of myoadenylate
      deaminase in their skeletal muscles. These three criteria establish primary
      myoadenylate deaminase deficiency as a separate primary metabolic muscle disease
      which merits differential diagnostic consideration when patients complain of
      muscle weakness and cramps.

PMID- 3713110
TI  - [Questionable significance of the chemical analysis of a single 24-hour urine
      sample in recurrent calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis].
AB  - Chemical findings were obtained from 24 h urine samples of 43 male calcium
      oxalate stone-formers on an unrestricted diet. Results were compared with data
      from 51 age-matched healthy blood donors. No differences were found in the
      excreted quantities of calcium, oxalic acid, uric acid and inorganic phosphate,
      nor in the calcium to creatinine ratio or the activity product of calcium and
      oxalic acid. The only differences were a higher output of magnesium and a higher
      magnesium to calcium ratio for controls. The extent of these differences,
      however, does not justify further subdivision of the group of stone-formers. The
      diagnostic and therapeutic significance of the chemical analysis of one 24 h
      urine sample is doubtful for this group of patients.

PMID- 3713111
TI  - Sideroachrestic anemia with iron loading: treatment with desferrioxamine.
AB  - A case of nontransfusion-dependent sideroachrestic anemia (SA) with hemosiderosis
      is described that showed significant improvement of hemosiderosis and fibrosis of
      the liver following treatment with desferrioxamine. The anemia, although not
      transfusion dependent, did not allow continued therapy with phlebotomies.
      Following the removal of about 16 g iron over 4.5 years, normalization of serum
      ferritin and reversal of fibrosis of the liver were observed. Management problems
      and the prognostic implications of desferrioxamine therapy are discussed.

PMID- 3713113
TI  - [Hemoperfusion in flecainide poisoning].
AB  - A 79-year-old patient, who had received a pacemaker after suffering two posterior
      myocardial infarctions, was treated with 2 X 100 mg flecainide daily for 9 days
      for ventricular extrasystoles (Lown IV b). On admission to the hospital the
      parameters of renal function were within the normal range. Ten days after
      flecainide treatment was begun a temporary electromechanic decoupling of the
      pacemaker occurred with reversible asystoly and progressive kidney failure. The
      flecainide plasma level at that time was 1460 ng/ml. Hemoperfusion for 3 h with
      activated charcoal removed only 35 mg flecainide in spite of an excellent
      flecainide clearance (164-180 ml/min). The patient's flecainide plasma level did
      not decrease sufficiently during the procedure, showing clearly that flecainide
      levels cannot be lowered fast enough by hemoperfusion to treat a flecainide
      intoxication.

PMID- 3713114
TI  - [92d meeting of the German Society for Internal Medicine. 6-10 April 1986,
      Wiesbaden. Abstracts of proceedings and posters].

PMID- 3713112
TI  - Left heart function in chronic obstructive lung disease.
AB  - In patients with varying degrees of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),
      simultaneous measurements of central hemodynamics and left ventricular
      radionuclide ventriculograms at rest and during exercise were made. In 21 of
      these patients, satisfactory echocardiograms could be performed. In seven of the
      patients, arterial blood pressure at rest was increased. Decreased compliance of
      the left ventricle was thought to be present in patients with COPD and additional
      arterial hypertension. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at rest was
      in the high normal range in all patients. During exercise, no further increase
      was observed. This pattern of LVEF response seems to be typical in patients with
      COPD. Because the highest values were observed in the more severe COPD and right
      ventricular hypertrophy, it is unlikely that an impairment of left ventricular
      function is caused by COPD. In five of 27 patients, an abnormal decrease of LVEF
      and regional hypokinesis occurred during exercise, thus suggesting additional
      coronary heart disease. The fact that at least 30% of the patients with COPD
      suffered from arterial hypertension and 20% of the patients exhibited unexpected
      ischemia detected by regional hypokinesis in RNV during exercise, but not in the
      ECG, may be of practical relevance. Coronary angiography was not indicated
      because most of these patients were over 65 and the factor limiting the working
      capacity was ventilatory impairment and not angina pectoris, in all patients. For
      this reason, a diagnostic uncertainty remains with regard to additional coronary
      heart disease in the older patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary
      disease.

PMID- 3713115
TI  - [Use of low-energy laser irradiation for the local treatment of chronic
      gastroduodenal ulcers].

PMID- 3713116
TI  - [Functional activity of the monocytes and neutrophils in patients with
      nonspecific ulcerative colitis].

PMID- 3713117
TI  - [Errors in the diagnosis of rabies].

PMID- 3713118
TI  - [A case of congestive cardiomyopathy].

PMID- 3713119
TI  - [Diagnosis of cysticercosis of the brain].

PMID- 3713120
TI  - [A case of congenital generalized hypertrichosis].

PMID- 3713121
TI  - [Achondroplasia associated with Klinefelter's syndrome].

PMID- 3713122
TI  - [The familial hereditary form of diabetes insipidus].

PMID- 3713123
TI  - [2 cases of hyperosmolar coma associated with suppurative pancreatitis and
      pancreatic cancer].

PMID- 3713125
TI  - [Alcoholic myocardiodystrophy].

PMID- 3713124
TI  - [The dialectics of the infectious process and diagnostic methodology in the
      teaching of infectious diseases].

PMID- 3713126
TI  - [Effect of combined antibacterial and glucocorticoid therapy on cytochemical
      properties of leukocytes in acute pneumonia].

PMID- 3713127
TI  - [Errors in the diagnosis of tuberculosis of the respiratory organs in a
      pulmonological hospital].

PMID- 3713128
TI  - [Clinico-laboratory evaluation of the toxemia syndrome in suppurative meningitis
      and meningoencephalitis].

PMID- 3713129
TI  - [Changes in fibronectin level in the blood of patients with meningitis of various
      etiologies].

PMID- 3713130
TI  - [Morpho-functional changes in the kidneys in patients with hepatic
      alveococcosis].

PMID- 3713131
TI  - [Causes of unfavorable outcome of food poisoning].

PMID- 3713132
TI  - [Clinical significance of hormonal indicators in chronic diseases of the
      gastrointestinal tract].

PMID- 3713133
TI  - [Experience with the dynamic endoscopic examination of patients with duodenal
      ulcer in a polyclinic].

PMID- 3713134
TI  - [Status of the biliary tract and bile secretion in diseases of the stomach and
      duodenum].

PMID- 3713135
TI  - [Clinical course of perforated gastroduodenal ulcer in young patients].

PMID- 3713136
TI  - [Use of a leukocyte concentrate in stomach and duodenal ulcers].

PMID- 3713137
TI  - [Use of epsilon-aminocaproic acid in recurrent peptic ulcer].

PMID- 3713138
TI  - Proteinuria induced by transplantable rat pituitary tumor MtT SA5. Model for
      homologous protein-overload proteinuria.
AB  - Intensive proteinuria accompanied by marked renal enlargement occurs in rats
      bearing functioning pituitary tumor MtT SA5. Urinalysis showed that protein
      excretion was up to 700 mg/day, and that the excreted protein consisted mostly of
      albumin. However, serum total protein and albumin levels remained almost
      unchanged. Histological examination revealed glomerular lesions, hyaline casts in
      the tubules, and proliferation of the tubular epithelium. The glomerular lesions
      consisted of accumulation of proteinaceous material in the subcapsular space; its
      organization and formation of fibrous crescents was with or without epithelial
      crescents. Electron microscopy revealed loss of foot processes and accumulation
      of absorption droplets in glomerular epithelial cells. Removal of the tumor
      resulted in a rapid reduction in urinary protein excretion. However, proteinuria
      persisted for at least 4 weeks after tumor removal with levels of approximately
      one-fourth of those before tumor removal. Histological changes of the kidneys
      resolved to some extent but damage still remained in the glomerular epithelial
      cells 4 weeks after tumor removal. Although proteinuria in animals bearing
      functioning pituitary tumors has long been implicated in hyperprolactinemia, the
      present study suggests that proteinuria in tumor-bearing rats is a control
      mechanism for overproduction of albumin in the liver stimulated by elevated serum
      growth hormone since hyperalbuminemia and possibly the hyperfibrinogenemia would
      cause the elevation of blood viscosity, resulting in thrombosis, unless control
      mechanisms were present. This proteinuria may serve for studies of glomerular
      permeability disorders as a model for homologous protein-overload proteinuria.

PMID- 3713139
TI  - The basis for the cellular damage induced by ethacrynic acid in liver slices in
      vitro. Comparison of structure and function.
AB  - The development of cellular damage in response to ethacrynic acid and to amytal
      has been studied in slices of rat liver. After a preincubation at 1 degree C, the
      slices were incubated with or without the agents at 38 degrees C. Control slices
      showed a net extrusion of water, Na+, Cl-, and Ca2+, and a net reaccumulation of
      K+, during incubation at 38 degrees C. Ethacrynic acid (3 mM) reduced the
      extrusion of water, Na+ and Cl- during the first 5 minutes at 38 degrees C, but
      Ca2+ extrusion was not affected. Morphological indications of damage to
      mitochondria were apparent already at 5 minutes, although unaccompanied by a
      change of tissue ATP content. The mitochondrial damage was more marked at 15
      minutes, when signs of early necrosis were also evident in some cells and ATP
      content started to fall. At longer times with ethacrynate, water and Ca2+ started
      to re-enter slices and there were indications of a loss of selective permeability
      of the plasma membranes; no significant uptake of K+ occurred at any time.
      Electron-dense particles, apparently of Ca2+, were deposited in the mitochondria
      and cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum. The morphological appearance rapidly
      progressed to a marked disorganization. Slices incubated with 4 mM amytal showed
      greater and earlier loss of ATP than slices with ethacrynate and complete
      inhibition of water extrusion; other biochemical and morphological effects were
      generally less marked than with ethacrynate. Some of the morphological and
      biochemical effects of the two agents after 15 minutes at 38 degrees C could be
      reversed upon removal of the drugs. However, Ca2+ contents showed a late rise
      which started 20 minutes after removal of the drugs, indicating that an early,
      nonreversible damage of the calcium regulating mechanism had occurred. The
      results suggest that early effects of ethacrynate are on cell volume regulation
      and mitochondrial structure and function; there follow more general changes of
      membrane permeability and loss of control of cell Ca2+. A variety of biochemical
      and morphological markers of cell damage gave different indications of the level
      of damage in the early phases of treatment with each of the drugs used here. At
      longer times (e.g., 60 min) there was a greater degree of uniformity in the
      indications of cell damage.

PMID- 3713140
TI  - Applications of computerized interactive morphometry in pathology. II. A model
      for computer generated diagnosis.
AB  - We present a model for the analysis and tentative diagnosis of pathologic
      problems by a trained observer utilizing data generated by a video based
      computerized interactive morphometry system in conjunction with multivariate
      methods of discriminant classificatory analysis that separate classes based on
      unweighted numerical values and with adhoc algorithms based on hierarchical
      analysis. The model was tested with two diagnostic problems that could benefit
      from a morphometric approach: the classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas from
      routine histologic slides and the distinction of malignant mesotheliomas from
      benign effusions in smears prepared from pleural effusions. The touch-sensitive
      screen of the computerized interactive morphometry system enables trained
      observers to measure the real time image of profiles of interest either by using
      graphic standards or simply by touching the two extreme points of the diameter of
      interest. This procedure generates multiple data in the form of classes that can
      be effectively used toward the more objective discrimination of lesions of
      difficult classification by analysis with a combination of adhoc diagnostic
      algorithms and multivariate statistical methods.

PMID- 3713141
TI  - EMG processor based on the amplitude probability distribution.
AB  - The EMG signal is being used increasingly for the control of prostheses and for
      investigating and retraining human movements. The raw (unprocessed) EMG is
      normally unsuitable for such applications and some processing is necessary. Due
      to the statistical characteristics of the EMG, it is usually difficult to achieve
      a processing delay of less than 100 ms. We introduce here a new EMG signal
      processing technique, implemented on an 8-bit microprocessor. It uses changes in
      the amplitude probability distribution of the EMG signal to discriminate between
      a number of tension levels in an individual muscle. The program employs
      procedures often used in pattern and speech recognition, in that it is trained to
      identify several tension levels. With a processing delay of 100 ms, on-line tests
      show that the new processor achieves a recognition rate of 84.8% when
      discriminating between five tension levels (including relaxation) in the biceps
      brachii. When the number of tension levels is reduced to four, the recognition
      rate becomes 96.7%, which compares well with other similar systems, some of which
      were tested in parallel with the new technique.

PMID- 3713142
TI  - Orthodontic movement of a canine into an adjoining extraction site.
AB  - The orthodontic movement of a canine tooth into an adjoining extraction site
      using a removable appliance is calculated using the finite element method (FEM).
      The calculated movements are compared, using a reflex plotter, with actual
      clinical measurements made on several patients. In both cases, wide variations in
      tooth displacement and hence rotation are found. The most important variable
      indicated by FEM appears to be the angle at which the load acts on the tooth. The
      position and magnitude of load have only a minor influence.

PMID- 3713143
TI  - Optimization of an implantable coated wire glucose sensor.
AB  - An effective glucose sensor should have a short response time and show a strong
      linear relationship with concentration changes. This paper describes the methods
      used in an optimization experiment designed to minimize the response time and
      maximize the coated wire glucose sensor output (voltage or current for glucose
      concentrations ranging from 40 to 200 mg%). The sensor used for the experiments
      was a coated wire type. The object was to find the optimum membrane composition
      performance in relation to different glucose solution concentrations. Four
      experimental designs were used to analyse the effects of Aliquat: decanol (vol%),
      glucose salt concentration, and polymer: solvent ratio on the response time and
      voltage or current differences. Regression models for response time and output
      were used to establish the optimum experimental conditions. These models were
      calculated using the statistical analysis system (SAS) general linear model (GLM)
      procedure. Both polarographic and potentiometric models were used to determine
      the sensitivity of the sensor. The coated wire sensor developed during the
      present study had a response time of about one minute, a marked improvement over
      earlier designs. In addition, it yielded reproducible voltage or current
      differences with changes in glucose concentration.

PMID- 3713144
TI  - Photoplethysmographic evaluation of the relationship between skin reflectance and
      skin blood volume.
AB  - Although photoplethysmography can be used successfully to determine venous
      recovery time, it cannot be used in tests which rely on a determination of the
      blood volume change (e.g. maximum venous outflow). In seeking an explanation for
      this inadequacy it was shown that although the photoplethysmograph is able to
      indicate changes in reflectance, it is incapable of measuring reflectance, per
      se; information which is essential for an accurate calculation of venous volume
      decrease. A minor modification of the system enables relative reflectance
      measurements to be made. Measurements were performed under in vitro conditions to
      establish the skin-reflectance/skin-blood volume relationship; photon diffusion
      theory is then used to describe the skin-reflectance/skin-blood volume
      relationship and to determine the scattering and absorption coefficients of skin
      and whole blood.

PMID- 3713145
TI  - Polychrest: a development system for radio-frequency-coupled implants.
AB  - Inductively-coupled neurological prosthetic implants may employ RF coils of
      unusual design (for example 'square' spiral inductors printed in thick-film ink
      on both sides of the alumina substrate) for which published empirical design
      equations are hard or impossible to find. 'Polychrest' enables the rapid
      experimental generation of ad hoc design data for RF-coupled energy-transfer
      systems, leading quickly to a working model which can be thoroughly studied and
      understood.

PMID- 3713146
TI  - Ultrasonic wave propagation and attenuation in wet bone.
AB  - The propagation of ultrasonic longitudinal waves in bovine plexiform and human
      Haversian bone has been studied over the range 0.5-16 MHz. In wet bone little
      velocity dispersion was observed, in contrast to the results of earlier studies
      on dry bone. Large values of attenuation were observed.

PMID- 3713147
TI  - In vitro measurement and computer modelling of the diffusion of antibiotic in
      bone cement.
AB  - The diffusion coefficient for a particular antibiotic (benzyl penicillin) in
      various types of bone cement has been calculated from direct measurement of the
      passage of radio-labelled penicillin through thin sections of cement at intervals
      over a period of 90 days, assuming the transport processes to be Fickian. Since
      the concentration gradient across the test sample is not uniform in the earlier
      stages of the experiment, a finite-difference approximation to the diffusion
      equation was used to take account of the transient behaviour in determining the
      coefficient. This method of analysis may also be used to predict the release, as
      a function of time, from the surface of antibiotic-loaded bone cement and from
      implanted pre-loaded PMMA beads used to provide antibiotic cover following bone
      or joint surgery. Our computer-generated predictions appear to agree very well
      with previously published figures arising from in vivo and in vitro studies and
      we conclude therefore, that Fick's Law accurately describes the process, even
      when the cement mix is inhomogeneous. We have by this means a reliable method by
      which the diffusion coefficients for various combinations of cement, antibiotic
      and other additives may be retrospectively determined and compared.

PMID- 3713148
TI  - Fully automated screening procedure for early detection of visual field defects.
AB  - A major problem in mass screening for glaucoma is the substantial time required
      to detect areas of depressed visual sensitivity, scotoma. We have developed a
      novel instrument for testing rapidly and automatically the sensitivity of the
      visual field. The patient views a large CRT screen on which up to four luminous
      points are presented in a prearranged pattern. The patient's vocal response is a
      number from zero to four, the number of stimulus points that he has observed,
      which is recognized by the controller and recorded. A series of 90 such patterns
      is presented sequentially, giving a 288 points visual field test, at the
      conclusion of which a hard copy probabilistic map of the retinal location of
      scotoma is drawn. The examination procedure is much faster than that using
      conventional 'automatic' tests and its results are almost identical with those
      from two commercial instruments with which our experimental 'perimeter' has been
      compared. Initial clinical trials are very encouraging.

PMID- 3713149
TI  - Spectrophotometric determination of meconium concentration in amniotic fluid.
AB  - When a fetus is acutely distressed, for example as a result of strangulation by
      the umbilical cord, the bowel content, meconium, may be passed into the amniotic
      fluid. Assessment of meconial contamination of the amniotic fluid is important in
      the management of late pregnancy. Fresh or increasing meconium content is an
      indication for urgent delivery. 'Old' meconium is usually distinguished from
      'new' by visual inspection of the stained amniotic fluid; a more objective method
      could have advantages. We consider the effects of meconium staining of amniotic
      fluid on the spectrophotometric properties of the liquor. The absorption spectra
      of meconial amniotic fluids reveal an excess absorption band, centred around 410
      nm. Quantification of the band height is proposed and it is shown that the height
      is linearly related to meconium concentration, with a proportionality factor, or
      sensitivity, of 0.046 +/- 0.009 (mean +/- s.d.) proportionality factor, or
      sensitivity, of 0.046 +/- 0.009 (mean +/- s.d.) optical density (OD) units per g
      l-1. This sensitivity factor may be used to estimate meconium concentration in
      samples of amniotic fluid.

PMID- 3713150
TI  - Miniature load cells for the measurement of foot-ground reaction forces and
      centre of foot pressure during gait.
AB  - A knowledge of the function of the foot is essential for an understanding of the
      mechanics of gait. In particular it is necessary to measure the forces, and their
      directions, between the foot and the ground. Miniature shoe borne load cells were
      used to measure the centre of foot pressure of a normal subject, a below knee
      amputee and a polio patient. An analysis of the resulting force patterns has been
      found useful as a measure of a subject's functional mobility. This paper
      describes a system which has been developed to measure and analyse the
      distribution of the forces acting on the foot of a polio patient, an amputee and
      group of normal subjects.

PMID- 3713151
TI  - Optimal fracture compression and fixation device without screws: preliminary
      account.

PMID- 3713152
TI  - Woolmer Memorial lecture. Biological design--a neglected art.

PMID- 3713154
TI  - Effect of plyometric training on vertical jump performance in high school
      basketball players.

PMID- 3713153
TI  - Passive resistance of the human knee: the effect of immobilization.
AB  - The effects of immobilization on both the circumferential dimensions of the lower
      limb, and the passive resistance of the knee to sinusoidal motion in the flexion
      extension plane, were studied in patients immobilized after tibial fractures or
      ligamentous injuries of the knee. Immobilization resulted in a decrease of
      circumferential dimensions of the lower limb, indicating atrophy of thigh and
      calf musculature. The equilibrium angle of the knee, i.e. the angle at which the
      net passive moment equals zero, approached the angle of the knee during
      immobilization. At knee angles of 60 degrees (the maximal angle imposed on the
      immobilized knee) and 45 degrees, the resistance was increased, and at angles of
      30 degrees and 15 degrees, the resistance was decreased. The passive resistances
      at +/- 22.5, 15 and 7.5 degrees relative to the equilibrium angle were all
      increased. A simple model, taking into account changes in the length of muscles
      at the anterior and posterior side of the knee, explains changes in passive
      resistance. The duration of immobilization for patients with ligamentous injuries
      of the knee was less than 50% of that for patients with tibial fractures, whose
      ankle joint was not immobilized, both resulted in a smaller muscular atrophy for
      patients with ligamentous injuries. Differences in passive resistance between
      unaffected and immobilized legs were the same in both groups of patients. Changes
      in passive resistance in the immobilized leg for those with ligamentous injury
      are probably not the effect of immobilization alone but the combined effect of
      immobilization and ligamentous lesions.

PMID- 3713155
TI  - The effects of an aerobic running program on bowel transit time.

PMID- 3713156
TI  - Physical fitness and eustress in the adventure activities of rock climbing and
      rappelling.

PMID- 3713157
TI  - Rope skipping influences the mechanical profile of the knee extensors and PWC170.

PMID- 3713158
TI  - Radionuclide assessment of left ventricular function at rest and during exercise
      in rugby players.

PMID- 3713159
TI  - Cardiac function and physical response of 146 professional football players to
      graded treadmill exercise stress.

PMID- 3713160
TI  - Cardiovascular reactivity and blood chemical changes during exercise.

PMID- 3713162
TI  - Effects of knee angle on submaximal bicycle ergometry.

PMID- 3713161
TI  - Serum electrolytes and sex hormones in male sprinters after submaximal exercise.

PMID- 3713163
TI  - Some psychological benefits resulting from involvement in an aerobic fitness from
      the perspectives of participants and knowledgeable informants.

PMID- 3713164
TI  - The relationship between psychosocial factors and sports injuries.

PMID- 3713165
TI  - Nutrition as a factor in the prevention of injuries in recreational and
      competitive downhill skiing. Considerations based on the literature.

PMID- 3713166
TI  - Physiological performance, serum hormones, enzymes and lipids of an elite power
      athlete during training with and without androgens and during prolonged
      detraining. A case study.

PMID- 3713167
TI  - Survival after intrahepatic cholestasis associated with sickle cell disease.

PMID- 3713168
TI  - The geriatric patient: a creative practice approach.

PMID- 3713169
TI  - Deep venous thrombosis with localized skin necrosis.

PMID- 3713170
TI  - To speak is not necessarily to be understood.

PMID- 3713171
TI  - The significance of birth certificate data.

PMID- 3713172
TI  - Cognitive functioning in sober social drinkers: a review and critique.
AB  - There have been recent scientific reports of an association between amount of
      alcohol drunk per occasion and inefficiencies in performance on cognitive
      perceptual tests. The empirical evidence and six different hypotheses concerning
      the causal nature of the obtained relationships are reviewed. The findings are
      variable and seldom reproducible. There is no consistent evidence to support any
      of the causality hypotheses. Despite these limitations, the problem is of
      sufficient social, economic, legal and humanistic importance that continued
      investigation is warranted. The complexity of the problem addressed demands
      careful consideration of a number of relevant experimental variables. Guidelines
      for future research are offered as regards sampling, subject characteristics,
      measurement of cognitive-perceptual functioning and drinking history, as well as
      methods of analysis. The possible confounding roles of family history of
      alcoholism, anxiety, native intelligence and past educational experiences are
      stressed. The need for prospective studies is emphasized.

PMID- 3713173
TI  - Moderate drinking in ex-alcoholics: recent studies.
AB  - The literature on the occurrence of moderate drinking in ex-alcoholics that has
      been published since the Rand report in 1976 is reviewed. Although differences in
      diagnosis, definitions of moderate drinking and length of follow-up make strict
      comparisons of the studies difficult, the majority of studies seem to indicate
      that the earlier reports of the frequency of such moderate drinking may be overly
      optimistic. Depending on the definition of moderate drinking that is used, the
      longer the interval required for alcoholics to sustain moderate, problem-free
      drinking, the less likely is such an outcome. Among treated alcoholics, the
      percentage probably ranges from about 2 to 12%; the percentage may be higher
      among alcoholics identified in community population samples. Thus far, the only
      factor common to alcoholics who are able to achieve moderate drinking is their
      being mild cases (i.e., having fewer lifetime alcohol-related problems than other
      alcoholics). Factors pertinent in assessing discrepancies between the various
      studies are discussed.

PMID- 3713174
TI  - Matching patients with treatments: conceptual and methodological issues.
AB  - The current enthusiasm for matching patients with optimal treatments rests on
      limited conceptual analyses. In addition, much of the existing research on
      patient-treatment matching has been based on methodological assumptions that are
      not commensurate with the complexity of the matching problem. Six key conceptual
      and methodological issues that underlie attempts to match patients with optimal
      forms of treatment and to conduct research on patient-treatment matching are
      outlined. The conceptual issues are: selecting effective matching variables,
      specifying the end result that matching is to enhance and determining the
      stage(s) in the treatment process at which matching decisions are to be made. The
      three methodological issues deal with the type of patient-treatment match or
      interaction effect and include: nonlinear interaction effects, higher-order
      interaction effects and multilevel interaction effects. Examples clarifying these
      issues are drawn from the literature on treating alcohol-dependent persons, but
      the issues are discussed at a broad level that permits generalization to
      treatment for many disorders. Implications for research on and the practice of
      "prescriptive treatment" are considered.

PMID- 3713175
TI  - Personal and social difficulties faced by women and men entering alcoholism
      treatment.
AB  - Personal interviews were conducted with 67 Anglo women and 54 Anglo men who were
      currently in treatment at alcoholism treatment facilities. Women experienced more
      personal and social difficulties in entering treatment. Women had less favorable
      attitudes toward seeking general health care and perceived greater social costs
      to be associated with having entered alcoholism treatment. Almost half of the
      women but less than 20% of the men experienced one or more costs because of
      entering treatment, such as problems with family, money or friends. Women
      encountered opposition to treatment from family and friends significantly more
      often than men, for whom such opposition was rare.

PMID- 3713176
TI  - Acceptability of nonabstinence treatment goals among alcoholism treatment
      programs.
AB  - The main objective of this study was to identify the number and type of
      alcoholism programs in the province of Ontario, Canada, which endorse treatment
      goals other than complete abstinence. A survey of all alcoholism programs in the
      province revealed that 36.7% of the programs found nonabstinence goals
      appropriate for at least some clients. Endorsement of nonabstinence goals was
      lowest for detoxication centers and residential treatment services, and highest
      for nonresidential programs and assessment-referral services. Endorsement of
      nonabstinence goals was higher among programs aimed at young people and those
      associated with the criminal justice system. Within a treatment program, the use
      of various kinds of assessment methods and treatment modalities did not appear to
      be closely associated with the endorsement of abstinence vs nonabstinence
      treatment goals.

PMID- 3713177
TI  - Prediction of outcome in inpatient alcoholics.
AB  - This study used clinical data that was gathered at intake to predict the 1-year
      outcome after treatment for 464 men alcoholics. Multiple stepwise regressions
      were applied to the total sample and subgroups with primary alcoholism (N = 374),
      primary drug misuse (N = 55) or primary antisocial personality disorder (N = 35)
      in order to evaluate the degree to which combinations of intake variables could
      explain the variance on the two different outcome measures. R2 values were
      generally low (7-25% of variance explained) and were reduced even further when
      validation and cross-validation procedures were applied to the larger subgroups.
      Outcome, as measured by abstention, tended to be more poorly predicted than
      outcome using the more complex Clinical Outcome Score (COS). The results indicate
      that it may be important for future studies to clearly identify primary diagnoses
      and specific measures of outcome, and look for other, perhaps more subtle,
      measurable factors at intake which may better correlate with short-term treatment
      results.

PMID- 3713178
TI  - Drinking patterns of inner-city black Americans and Puerto Ricans.
AB  - Alcoholic patients--183 Black Americans (62 women) and 132 Puerto Ricans (18
      women)--at an inner-city alcoholism treatment program were surveyed using the
      Drinking History Questionnaire. Significantly more Puerto Rican men than Black
      men reported drinking distilled spirits, daily drinking, drinking in the morning
      to relieve a hangover, shakes when sobering up, blackouts when drinking,
      convulsions after a bout, psychoperceptual withdrawal symptoms and alcohol
      related marital difficulties. Puerto Rican women were significantly older at the
      first time of drunkenness than the other groups. These women tended to drink at
      home daily and they reported a surprisingly high mean alcohol consumption.
      Significantly more Black women reported drinking to make friends. The tendency
      for Blacks to drink with their spouse, and to encourage their spouse to drink,
      was a major finding. This finding may have clinical implications for treatment
      and suggests that in lower class Black alcoholics a careful history of the
      drinking patterns of the spouse or living companion should be taken to determine
      the proper treatment approach.

PMID- 3713179
TI  - Toward the psychometric detection of substance misuse in young men: the SAP
      scale.
AB  - A 36-item MMPI-derived scale, devoid of circular items, was constructed by
      contrasting the item responses of a sample of young men alcohol offenders and a
      sample of young men in treatment for drug or alcohol misuse, with samples of
      similarly aged and sexed college students, ambulatory medical patients and
      psychiatric outpatients who were not substance misusers. Detection rates, which
      averaged approximately 85% for four standardization samples, suffered no validity
      shrinkage on cross-validation.

PMID- 3713180
TI  - Problem drinking and marital adjustment.
AB  - To examine the interdependency between alcohol misuse and marital adjustment,
      emphasis was placed on investigating how different patterns of alcohol use vary
      with different levels of marital satisfaction, and how such relationships might
      be mediated by the sociobehavioral consequences of problem drinking within the
      family. It was found that the likelihood of marital disruption was greater in
      heavy drinking households than in nonheavy drinking households. However,
      differences between heavy drinking and nonheavy drinking settings with respect to
      the marital relationship became largely nonsignificant when the number of
      sociobehavioral consequences of alcohol use for the marriage was controlled. The
      relationship between patterns of alcohol misuse and marital adjustment seems to
      be complex and variable and is in need of further investigation. Findings in the
      present study are compared with other research on the alcoholic marriage.
      Recommendations are offered for future studies on this topic.

PMID- 3713181
TI  - Use of a bogus pipeline method to increase accuracy of self-reported alcohol
      consumption among pregnant women.
AB  - Pregnant women (N = 220) attending urban maternity care clinics were randomly
      assigned to study groups to determine the effectiveness of a "bogus pipeline"
      method to increase the accuracy of behavioral self-reports of alcohol
      consumption. Results indicate a significant difference (p less than .025) between
      those who reported alcohol consumption and those who were told their behavioral
      self-report of alcohol consumption would be confirmed by a physiological test
      (bogus pipeline). Only 14% in the self-reported group said they currently used
      alcohol during pregnancy, whereas 27% in the bogus pipeline group reported
      consumption of alcohol during pregnancy. The results suggest that the use of the
      bogus pipeline may increase the accuracy of self-reported alcohol consumption
      data from a cohort of pregnant women.

PMID- 3713182
TI  - Effects of drinking pattern on neuropsychological performance among alcohol
      misusers.
AB  - To investigate neuropsychological performance among alcohol misusers as a
      function of drinking pattern, duration of problem drinking and age, 297 alcohol
      dependent inpatients who were chemically free approximately 10 days were studied.
      An analysis of variance design was used with age (less than 40 years, greater
      than or equal to 40 years), drinking pattern (bout, daily) and length of problem
      drinking (short-term, 0-4 years; middle-term, 5-10 years; long-term, greater than
      10 years) serving as the between-subjects factors. Results showed that bout
      drinkers performed significantly better than daily drinkers on measures of short
      term memory, internal scanning and visuospatial-visuomotor performance. Duration
      of problem drinking appeared to exert a much weaker effect on test performance,
      but age was a critical variable in predicting subjects' vulnerability to
      neuropsychological deficits.

PMID- 3713183
TI  - Children of alcoholic fathers and recovered alcoholic fathers: personal and
      family functioning.
AB  - Twenty-one adolescent children of recovered alcoholic fathers and 14 children of
      alcoholic fathers were compared with 35 sociodemographically matched children on
      aspects of family and personal adjustment, the parent-child relationship and
      perceptions of alcoholism. Children of recovered alcoholics and controls rated
      their families as happier and more trusting, cohesive, secure and affectionate
      than children of families where father still drank alcohol. Adolescents scored
      similarly on measures of self-esteem and locus of control, but children of
      alcoholics were less happy with their lives. The three groups did not differ in
      their relationships with either parent. Children of alcoholic or recovered
      alcoholic fathers were less likely to attribute alcoholism to internal causes
      than controls, however, and were more positive about alcoholics and their
      recovery.

PMID- 3713184
TI  - Massive hemoperitoneum secondary to spontaneous rupture of hepatic metastases:
      report of two cases and review of the literature.
AB  - Two cases of massive hemoperitoneum secondary to spontaneous rupture of hepatic
      metastases are presented. This devastating complication of hepatic malignant
      disease is difficult to diagnose preoperatively. However, the diagnosis should be
      considered in patients with known malignant disease who present with unexplained
      blood loss, shock, or signs consistent with an acute surgical abdomen. The
      presence of fever and leukocytosis with these signs and symptoms may also be part
      of the clinical picture. Treatment by hepatic resection is never curative. Review
      of the literature indicates that local control of the bleeding site by suture
      ligature, packing with topical hemostatic agents, or hepatic artery ligation
      offers the best chances of obtaining hemorrhage control and some degree of
      palliation in these desperately ill patients.

PMID- 3713185
TI  - Prognostic factors of esophageal carcinoma: univariate and multivariate analyses.
AB  - The correlation of 5-year survival rate with various clinical and
      histopathological factors was studied using univariate and multiple analyses of
      128 patients who had undergone resection for esophageal carcinoma between 1965
      and 1978 in the Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Hospital. The depth of
      penetration, lymph node metastasis, lymphatic or vascular invasion, and INF had a
      significant correlation with 5-year survival in the univariate analysis; however,
      only depth of penetration and lymph node metastasis were prognostic factors with
      a significant difference, in the multivariate analysis. In 55 patients in whom
      the cell nuclear DNA content had been determined, the DNA pattern was the
      greatest prognostic factor (p less than 0.01), in multivariate analysis. We
      propose that the DNA distribution in the malignant cells should be examined as a
      most pertinent prognostic factor.

PMID- 3713186
TI  - Pure squamous cell carcinoma of the breast.
AB  - Pathological curiosities have always fascinated the surgical community, and
      management of breast cancer by the physician has, at times, revealed such
      rarities. A recent case of squamous cell carcinoma in a clear fluid breast cyst
      has prompted a review of our experience with this rare pathology, and allowed us
      to make the following statements: We propose that squamous cell carcinoma of the
      breast arises from ductal metaplasia. When the T.N.M. system is applied to the
      squamous cell lesion, the apparent poor prognosis that it is believed to carry
      may not be so apparent. If no other primaries are identified after extensive
      metastatic work-up, surgical therapy consisting of total mastectomy with complete
      axillary dissection, is very effective in local control of tumor progress. Nodal
      status will indicate the need for additional modalities of therapy.

PMID- 3713187
TI  - Cervical lymph node metastases of oral carcinoma related to the depth of invasion
      of the primary lesion.
AB  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue has been found to have a greater frequency
      of cervical metastases on initial examination than lesions affecting other oral
      sites. This study analyzes a sample of 21 pathological specimens of oral
      carcinoma and block neck dissections relating the confirmed histological presence
      of cervical metastasis to the depth of invasion of the primary lesion. Tongue
      carcinomas were compared with lesions affecting other oral sites. An arbitrary
      anatomical levelling system was devised to assess the depth of invasion. Tongue
      carcinomas show a propensity to infiltrate more deeply than lesions affecting
      other oral sites. For the entire sample, carcinomas infiltrating the superficial
      lamina propria occurred much less frequently than lesions showing a deeper
      infiltration pattern. Overall, lesions infiltrating the deep lamina propria do
      not exhibit a reduced frequency of occurrence compared to lesions infiltrating
      the skeletal muscle; however, carcinomas affecting other oral sites showed a
      reduced frequency of deeply infiltrating lesions in comparison to more
      superficial lesions. Carcinomas confined to the superficial lamina propria seem
      to have a better prognosis in relation to developing cervical metastases, and
      this does not appear to be influenced by age, sex, site, size, or degree of
      differentiation.

PMID- 3713188
TI  - Comparative studies of chemotherapy of human tumor cells in vitro by tritiated
      thymidine uptake inhibition and soft agar clonogenic assay.
AB  - A rapid nonsterile short-term assay has been investigated in which percent
      inhibition of incorporation of the DNA precursor (3H)-thymidine is measured
      following exposure of tumor cells to the test drugs. To evaluate the usefulness
      of the short-term assay in providing a rapid reliable assessment of
      chemotherapeutic response, the short-term assay was compared with the soft agar
      clonogenic assay. Sensitivity to five anticancer drugs was compared using three
      human tumor cell lines (epidermoid carcinoma of the oral cavity, pancreatic
      carcinoma, and bladder carcinoma). The short-term assay produced results that
      were similar to results of the clonogenic assay in two of the three tumors
      tested, for three drugs (cis-platin, doxorubicin, and BCNU), but did not detect
      responses to two antimetabolites (5-FU and MTX) in any tumor. Further studies of
      this short-term assay should focus on alkylating agents and other
      nonantimetabolites.

PMID- 3713189
TI  - Congenital hemangiopericytoma.
AB  - The clinicopathologic features of a case of congenital hemangiopericytoma are
      described and compared with those of previously reported cases. Features
      connotative of malignancy in adult or childhood hemangiopericytomas, such as high
      mitotic activity, increased cellularity, and tissue necrosis or hemorrhage, are
      frequently observed in congenital tumors. However, the congenital tumors are
      biologically benign. Spontaneous tumor regression observed in our case further
      suggests a conservative approach in the treatment of congenital
      hemangiopericytomas.

PMID- 3713190
TI  - Malignancy and differentiation of neoplastic epithelial cells of thymoma.
AB  - Fifteen fetal thymuses and 100 thymomas were examined concerning the degree of
      differentiation of thymic epithelial cells by light and electron microscopy. The
      following results were obtained. The embryologic process of the fetal thymus was
      categorized into four stages (8, 12, 15, and 17 weeks or more of gestation) based
      on the morphological features of epithelial cells and the maturity of thymic
      tissues. Thymomas were classified into the undifferentiated, and poorly,
      moderately, and well-differentiated types by their morphological features in
      comparison with the fetal thymuses. The incidences of the respective types in the
      100 thymomas were 5, 16, 68, and 11 cases. The moderately differentiated type was
      divided into three subtypes; namely, polygonal cell (49 cases), clear cell (6),
      and spindle cell type (13). The degree of differentiation of the thymomatous
      epithelial cells showed strong correlations with both the invasiveness and the
      prognosis of the thymoma. The ratios of invasive thymomas were 36, 47, 25, and
      100% for the well-differentiated, moderately-differentiated, poorly
      differentiated, and undifferentiated types, respectively. The 10-year survival
      rates were 87.5, 62.5, 46.9 and 0% for the well-differentiated, moderately
      differentiated, poorly-differentiated, and undifferentiated thymomas.

PMID- 3713191
TI  - Combined 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and radiation therapy following resection of
      locally advanced gastric carcinoma.
AB  - Twenty-five patients with locally advanced but resectable adenocarcinoma of the
      stomach were given concomitant postoperative radiotherapy to the tumor bed and
      chemotherapy with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). Twenty-two of the patients had regional
      lymph node involvement and seven had residual tumor in the surgical margins.
      Radiotherapy was delivered to a total dose of 5,000 rads in 7 weeks with a two
      week split. 5-FU was given daily the first 3 days of each treatment period and
      was then continued weekly for a minimum of 1 year. At a median follow-up time of
      19 months, 11 patients have relapsed, two locally and nine distally, and all have
      died. Thirteen patients remain alive, all but one disease-free, for a median of
      21 months from diagnosis. One additional patient died of unrelated causes, free
      of tumor. The actuarial median survival for the whole group stands at 33 months
      with a projected 5-year survival of 40%. Treatment has been well tolerated.

PMID- 3713192
TI  - Eosinophilic granuloma of the stomach.
AB  - Two patients with eosinophilic granuloma of the stomach are discussed. The first
      patient had extensive and time-consuming investigations before the diagnosis was
      confirmed after surgery, while the second patient's presentation corresponded so
      closely to the first that a correct preoperative diagnosis was entertained with a
      minimum of investigations and delay. The barium-meal examinations in both
      patients were very typical of the condition, but the endoscopy findings and
      biopsy histology reports were noncontributory. Neither of the patients had a
      history of allergy or eosinophilia. The lesions were localized to the distal part
      of the stomach and the resected specimens were microscopically typical of
      eosinophilic granuloma of the stomach.

PMID- 3713193
TI  - Combined occurrence of third ventricular germinoma and hypothalamic mixed glioma.
AB  - A unique combination of occurrence of the 3rd ventricular germinoma and
      hypothalamic cystic mixed astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma is encountered in a
      15-year-old man who presented clinically with stunted growth of the body,
      diabetes insipidus, and stupor. The germinoma was diagnosed by biopsy but the
      hypothalamic glioma was discovered at autopsy. Immunohistochemical localization
      of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the neoplastic cells confirmed the
      gliomatous nature of the hypothalamic lesion. The probability of multiple tumors
      should be kept in mind in dealing with intracranial neoplasms in order that the
      patient will be properly diagnosed and managed.

PMID- 3713194
TI  - Prognoses and surgical treatment of patients with stage I melanomas of the skin:
      a retrospective analysis of 211 patients.
AB  - From 1960 to 1982, a total number of 216 patients with Stage I melanoma underwent
      local excision as the single treatment. Life-table analysis was performed on 211
      evaluable patients to investigate the prognostic value of several factors on
      survival as well as disease-free survival. The influence of sex, age,
      localization of the tumor, and margin of the excision on prognosis was not
      statistically significant. The Clark level and Breslow thickness were important
      factors to predict the prognosis. Local recurrence occurred in only one patient;
      in most cases tumor growth close to the original site of excision indicates early
      manifestation of hematogenic spread. Lymph node metastases developed in 31
      patients; ten of them remained free of disease after node dissection. Six
      patients died from hematogenic metastases without nodal involvement. Tumors with
      thickness less than 1.5 mm have excellent prognosis regardless of the location of
      the melanoma or the margin of the excision. With increasing thickness of the
      tumor, prognosis is proportionally worse. By performing wide excisions the final
      outcome can not be improved.

PMID- 3713195
TI  - Skin cancer caused by grenz rays.
AB  - A 30-year-old woman developed chronic radiodermatitis and five squamous cell
      carcinomas within 7 years following a 16-year period of repeated grenz
      irradiations given to her psoriasis. The estimated cumulative dose of grenz
      radiation was approximately 3,000 rads (r) to each treated area. This case,
      illustrating a rather underestimated carcinogenic potential of grenz rays, is
      interpreted in light of the available literature on the subject. The technical
      bases of grenz ray therapy are also briefly reviewed.

PMID- 3713196
TI  - Doxorubicin and daunorubicin plasmatic, hepatic and renal disposition in the
      rabbit with or without enterohepatic circulation.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics, metabolism and disposition of doxorubicin and daunorubicin
      were studied for periods up to 100 hr in rabbits with (group II) or without a
      biliary fistula (groups I and III) and with (group I) or without (groups II and
      III) ligatured ureters using high-performance liquid chromatography to separate
      parent drug and metabolites. The plasma decay of doxorubicin and daunorubicin was
      triexponential. Metabolites appearing in the plasma after doxorubicin and
      daunorubicin bolus i.v. injection were respectively doxorubicinol and
      daunorubicinol, the latter being the major compound after daunorubicin injection.
      The elimination of daunorubicin was faster than that of doxorubicin. No
      differences in the elimination were observed between the 3 groups. In bile, 21%
      of the injected dose of doxorubicin were excreted mainly as the parent drug and
      60% of the injected dose of daunorubicin were excreted, mainly as daunorubicinol.
      Enterohepatic circulation did not affect the biliary excretion of both
      doxorubicin and daunorubicin. Ligature of ureters increased slightly the biliary
      excretion of doxorubicin. The hepatic clearance of daunorubicin was greater than
      that of doxorubicin. The total urinary excretion was not different between the II
      and III groups and amounted to 11.6 and 12.8% of the injected dose of doxorubicin
      and daunorubicin, respectively. Metabolic ratios of doxorubicinol/doxorubicin and
      daunorubicinol/daunorubicin were similar in bile and urine.

PMID- 3713197
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of daunorubicinol in the rabbit: comparison with daunorubicin.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of daunorubicinol (DOL), the main metabolite of daunorubicin
      (DNR), was studied in rabbits and compared to that of daunorubicin after an 8
      mg/kg dose. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to separate parent
      drug and metabolites. The plasma disappearance of DNR and DOL was triexponential.
      DOL was the major species detected in plasma and urine. Both drugs had large
      volumes of distribution. About 70% of DNR or DOL were bound to plasma proteins
      and mainly to albumin. Pharmacokinetic parameters of DOL obtained after injection
      of DOL were different from those calculated for DNR and those calculated for DOL
      after injection of DNR. The total urinary excretions of DNR or DOL were similar
      and amounted to 25% of the dose. No conjugates were identified in urine after
      enzymatic treatment. No fluorescent drug was identified in the feces.
      Anthracyclines were degraded in vitro in rabbit feces. The rabbit seems to be a
      good model for the study of anthracycline pharmacokinetics as our results in
      rabbits after DNR injection were similar to those in human studies.

PMID- 3713198
TI  - [A unique psychopharmacologic profile of adrafinil in mice].
AB  - The following psychopharmacological effects of adrafinil have been observed in
      mice: increase in locomotor activity (64-256 mg.kg-1), antagonism (16-128 mg.kg
      1) of the hypnotic effects of barbitone but not of pentobarbitone, reduction of
      immobility duration in the forced swimming test (16-256 mg.kg-1); slight
      antagonism (256 mg.kg-1) of electroshock-induced convulsions; no modification of
      rectal temperature; no stereotyped or climbing behaviour; no increase in
      lethality in aggregated mice (LD50 isolated = 1022 mg.kg-1, LD50 aggregated = 859
      mg.kg-1); lack of effects on the provisional tests for antidepressants: no
      interaction with reserpine-, oxotremorine-, or apomorphine-induced hypothermia
      but potentiation of yohimbine-induced toxicity; lack of peripheral sympathetic
      effects (no mydriasis, no salivation, no contraction of the pilomotor muscles, no
      antagonism of reserpine-induced ptosis); lack of peripheral anticholinergic
      effects (no mydriasis, no antagonism of oxotremorine-induced salivation or
      lacrimation). As compared to no analeptic, anticholinergic or antidepressant
      drugs, adrafinil shows a unique behavioural profile in mice defined on the one
      hand by a specific stimulant activity associated with antidepressant-like effects
      that do no seem related to a beta-adrenergic mechanism and on the other hand by a
      lack of dopaminergic effects. Most adrafinil-induced effects (increase in
      locomotor activity, reduction of immobility duration in the forced swimming test)
      may correspond to a central alpha 1-adrenergic stimulation, but the unexpected
      lack of peripheral sympathetic effects remains unexplained.

PMID- 3713199
TI  - Dose related sequence of effects induced by the DA agonist 2-(N,N-dipropyl)-amino
      5,6-dihydroxytetralin.
AB  - 2-N,N-dipropylamino 5,6-dihydroxytetralin (nPr2 ADTN), a potent dopaminergic
      agonist, induces the same polyphasic effects observed with apomorphine by Protais
      et al., (1983). The dose related sequence of behaviours in mice can be summed up
      as followed: to 0.9 to 3.9 micrograms.kg-1, a decrease in motor activity without
      any other effects; to 7.8 to 15.6 micrograms.kg-1, a return to control level or
      an increase in motility alone according to experimental conditions; to 31 to 62.5
      micrograms.kg-1, a second phase of hypomotility when hypothermia develops; above
      125 micrograms.kg-1, a second phase of hypermotility when both stereotypies and
      climbing behaviour appear. Hypothermia moreover, disappears. The effects of the
      nPr2 ADTN were compared with those of apomorphine obtained in others studies
      (Puech et al., 1974; Protais et al., 1983). The tetralin derivative differs from
      apomorphine in that the first phase of hypermotility it induces is greater, and
      that hypothermia disappears at high doses.

PMID- 3713200
TI  - Specific binding of 3H-nicergoline in rat brain: comparison with the selective
      alpha 1-antagonist 3H-prazosin.
AB  - In rat cerebral cortex, the 3H-Nicergoline (an ergot alkaloid derivative) binding
      was rapid, reversible, saturable and of high affinity. In various structures of
      the central nervous system except midbrain and cerebellum, the maximum binding
      capacity (B max) for 3H-Nicergoline is greater that for 3H-Prazosin. The
      specificity studies of 3H-Nicergoline binding show interactions with alpha 1
      adrenergic and serotoninergic receptors. These results are confirmed after
      irreversible blockade with phenoxybenzamine. In conclusion, as nicergoline is
      known to cross the blood-brain barrier, this study shows that it exerts its
      central action on alpha 1-adrenoceptors as well as serotoninergic receptors.

PMID- 3713201
TI  - An inhalational behavioral chamber.
AB  - An inhalational (flow-through) behavioral chamber has been designed and prepared
      in order to facilitate recording of the behavioral performance of a small
      experimental animal (e.g., rat and mouse) while the subject is being exposed to
      an inhalant (vapor or gas). The animal can be clearly viewed during behavioral
      performance inside the chamber, which consists of a cylindrical glass jar. The
      apparatus is made up of easily available materials (e.g., glass, metal, Teflon,
      etc.) that are not affected by usual industrial solvents. At the present stage of
      its development, three types of behavioral schedules can be performed within the
      chamber: schedules involving brain stimulation (e.g., self-stimulation, avoidance
      of aversive stimulations); liquid-reinforced schedules (e.g., fixed ratio, fixed
      interval, variable ratio, variable interval, differential reinforcement of low
      rates); shock avoidance (classical or continuous). The schedules can be
      microcomputer assisted. The device is suitable for study of behavioral
      pharmacology and toxicology of inhalants.

PMID- 3713202
TI  - Extracorporeal cephalic blood autoperfusion method in the rat. Hemorrheological
      evaluation and proposed pharmacological uses.
AB  - We propose a constant cephalic blood perfusion method especially suitable to the
      rat. Cerebrovascular blood pressure is artificially regulated by an
      extracorporeal circuit with a perfusion pump and a Starling valve. A
      hemorrheological evaluation allows one to demonstrate an extracorporeal circuit
      that shows a growing pathological evolution, which can be purposely accelerated
      by iterative ischemic episodes. This method can be used (as shown by some
      examples) as a model for cerebrovascular failure or to study deleterious effects
      of the extracorporeal circuit.

PMID- 3713203
TI  - Alcohol dependence and withdrawal in the rat. An effective means of induction and
      assessment.
AB  - Numerous problems have been associated with previous attempts to develop a
      suitable method for the induction and assessment of alcohol dependence and
      withdrawal syndrome in the rat. Using our modification of a common inhalation
      method for the long-term administration of ethanol, these problems can be
      eliminated. Adult male rats (Long Evans and Brattleboro) were exposed to ethanol
      vapor concentrations of 7 to 35 mg/liter of air, which cause rapid development of
      tolerance and physical dependence. With this inhalation method, it is possible to
      obtain and easily maintain high levels of ethanol in the blood (150 to 400
      mg/dl). When exposure to ethanol is terminated, ethanol is eliminated from the
      system within 1 to 6 hr. This rapid elimination of ethanol is accompanied by a
      high susceptibility to withdrawal reactions. The severity of the withdrawal
      syndrome was assessed within 6 to 24 hr after cessation of the ethanol
      administration by exposing each rat individually to a 60 to 120-sec period of
      bell ringing. Convulsive seizures were observed in nearly 90% of the animals
      tested, with a mortality rate of less than 20%.

PMID- 3713204
TI  - A new sensitive fluorometric method for measurement of plasma exudation in the
      inflammatory skin reaction.
AB  - A new fluorometric method using fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated bovine
      serum albumin (F-BSA) as a tracer has been developed for measurement of vascular
      permeability in the skin tissues of rats. This simple and rapid assay has the
      advantage of high sensitivity, good recovery, and low cost. The tracer
      extravasated in the skin was recovered as fragments of F-BSA by digestion of the
      tissue in caustic alkali. The recovery rate of the fluorescence intensity of the
      tracer from the skin was about 98%. The time required for the extraction of the
      fluorescent tracer from the skin sample was only 2 hr.

PMID- 3713205
TI  - A tail withdrawal procedure for assessing analgesic activity in rhesus monkeys.
AB  - Rhesus monkeys were restrained in chairs from which their tails hung free so that
      their tails could be immersed into a thermos of water. Monkeys consistently kept
      their tails in 38-40 degrees C water for at least 20 sec, but withdrew them from
      55 degrees C water in 1-4 sec. Tail withdrawal latencies from 55 degrees C water
      remained consistent over a period of 3 hr. Morphine produced dose-dependent
      increases in tail withdrawal latencies from 55 degrees C water, whereas
      pentobarbital, haloperidol, and phencyclidine did not increase tail withdrawal
      latencies except at doses that produced marked sedation.

PMID- 3713206
TI  - A simple method for the production of ventricular tachycardia in the rat and
      guinea pig.
AB  - A simple method for the production of ventricular tachycardia in the rat and
      guinea pig was developed. The animals were made to inhale benzene vapors for 2
      min. An intravenous injection of adrenaline was given during the last 30 sec of
      benzene administration. Ventricular tachycardia developed in 95% of the animals
      used. Development of ventricular tachycardia in guinea pigs was earlier than in
      rats, but the duration of the ventricular tachycardia was almost equal in both
      species of animals. The arrhythmia developed by this method is of short duration,
      reliable, and reproducible. This method can be utilized for the rapid screening
      of antiarrhythmic agents.

PMID- 3713207
TI  - A theory for developmental control by a program encoded in the genome.
AB  - A new genetic mechanism is proposed to explain the evident order seen in
      embryonic development. This theory postulates control DNA, a set of genetic
      elements activated in a specific sequence, one at a time. With each cell
      division, control of gene expression passes to the next control unit in the
      series. The complete series of control units would constitute the encoded (and
      inherited) development program of an organism.

PMID- 3713208
TI  - Axiomatization of genetics 2. Formal development.
AB  - When certain assumptions are claimed to "found" a scientific theory, two kinds of
      controls are needed: it must be proved that every assertion of the theory is
      derived from the assumptions and that no assumption depends on (that is, derives
      from) the other ones. The formal approach (when possible) is the best method of
      achieving these results. In this paper the axiomatization of the elementary laws
      of genetics considered in Rizzotti & Zanardo (1986) is translated into a formal
      language and an axiomatic theory is defined in which the (translated) laws are
      deducible. Independence results are also considered.

PMID- 3713209
TI  - Microtubule dynamics in the spindle. Theoretical aspects of assembly/disassembly
      reactions in vivo.
AB  - The mitotic spindle contains several classes of microtubules (MTs) whose lengths
      change independently during mitosis. Precise control over MT polymerization and
      depolymerization during spindle formation, anaphase chromosome movements, and
      spindle breakdown is necessary for successful cell division. This model proposes
      the site of addition and removal of MT subunits in each of four classes of
      spindle MTs at different stages of mitosis, and suggests how this addition and
      removal is controlled. We propose that spindle poles and kinetochores
      significantly alter the assembly-disassembly kinetics of associated MT ends.
      Control of MT length is further modulated by localized forces affecting assembly
      and disassembly kinetics of individual sets of MTs.

PMID- 3713210
TI  - A simple model for DNA elution from filters.
AB  - DNA chain scission, induced both in vitro and in vivo by various agents, is an
      event of great biological relevance. The damage is currently evaluated by
      empirical membrane separation techniques; the results are quite reproducible and
      the sensitivity higher than 1 single strand break per 10(9) Daltons. We outline a
      simple theory of the filtration of coiled macrosolutes, having a random size
      distribution, through porous membranes, considered as being in quasi-steady flow.
      The basic transport equation Jj = cj (1 - sigma)Jv is solved by considering that
      the value of sigma j, the reflection coefficient of component j, (1 less than or
      equal to j less than or equal to N), is given by (1 - KjRj), where Kj is the
      partition constant between pore and solution, a function of the conformational
      entropy loss of the coil, and Rj accounts for the frictional force experienced by
      a particle moving along the pore. The problem of evaluating the volume Vs filled
      up with solute has been approached according to a simplified theory of the
      excluded volume for flexible polymers; the result is Vs = sigma nj4/3 pi(rGj)3
      where rGj is the jth radius of gyration. The solution of the resulting set of N
      differential equations gives nj, the number of molecules of component j remaining
      on the filter, as a function of the elution volume V. The theory demonstrates
      that the process is governed by the average dimensions of the coil, so affording
      a universal calibration of filter elution methods, in excellent agreement with
      the experiments.

PMID- 3713211
TI  - Methodological aspects of scaling in biology.
AB  - Interest in the scaling approach to problems of biological design has increased
      dramatically in the past few years. But thus far no systematic attempt has been
      made to review the possible pitfalls attendant upon this approach. As a
      beginning, the problems which can arise from rounding exponents, or taking
      standard errors at face value, or expressing dependent variables in ratio form
      are discussed. There follows a discussion of fitting specific functions to
      scaling data, of the special needs for documentation and of the potential value
      to be derived from suitable computer programs in scaling studies. Finally, the
      possible difficulties of demonstrating global optimization in biological systems,
      the risks of dimensional analysis and the value and nature of scaling models are
      discussed.

PMID- 3713212
TI  - Variability of biological similarity criteria.
AB  - The "allometric cancellation" technique for determining similarity criteria
      (dimensionless numbers) insures that these ratios are essentially free from size
      dependent variation. However, with the traditional methods of calculating such
      values, other important sources of variation are not examined. A correlation
      analysis of residuals demonstrates that many similarity criteria are actually
      highly variable relationships among organisms and frequently have questionable
      empirical validity.

PMID- 3713213
TI  - A measure of DNA periodicity.
AB  - A Fourier transform g(n) of a sequence of bases along a given stretch of DNA is
      defined. The transform is invariant to the labelling of the bases and can
      therefore be used as a measure of periodicity for segments of DNA with differing
      base content. It can also be conveniently used to search for base periodicities
      within large DNA data bases.

PMID- 3713214
TI  - Differentiation, cell sorting and proportion regulation in the slug stage of
      Dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - Recent experimental work suggests that under normal conditions cell sorting plays
      an important part in maintaining and re-establishing the axial pattern of cell
      types in the slug stage of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum.
      Following removal of the anterior zone of the slug, anterior-like cells that are
      normally distributed throughout the posterior of the slug rapidly migrate to the
      anterior end of the transected slug, and new anterior-like cells appear in the
      posterior portion. These results provide evidence that the direct linkage between
      spatial location and differentiation hypothesized in positional information
      models of spatial pattern formation is not universal. In this paper we develop
      and analyze a class of mathematical models of the slug in which cell
      determination can be less rigidly tied to spatial location, and which involve
      chemotactic cell sorting to re-establish and maintain the spatial pattern of cell
      types. We show that these models can reproduce the qualitative aspects of the
      experimental observations and that sorting takes place on the observed time scale
      when reasonable values of the parameters are used.

PMID- 3713215
TI  - Flux ratio theorems for nonstationary membrane transport with temporary capture
      of tracer.
AB  - It has been shown recently that the ratio of unidirectional tracer fluxes,
      passing in opposite directions through a membrane which has transport properties
      varying arbitrarily with the distance from a boundary, is independent of time
      from the very first appearance of the two outfluxes from the membrane. This
      surprising proposition has been proved for boundary conditions defining standard
      unidirectional fluxes, and then generalized to classes of time-dependent boundary
      conditions. The operational meaning of all the resulting theorems is that when
      any of them appear to be refuted experimentally, the presence of more than one
      parallel transport pathway (that is, of membrane heterogeneity transverse to the
      direction of transport) can be inferred and analyzed. Recent experimental data
      have been interpreted accordingly. However, the proofs of the theorems given so
      far have not taken into account the possibility of temporary capture of tracer at
      sites fixed in the membrane (including also entrances to microscopic culs-de
      sac). The possible presence of such a process, which would not affect fluxes in
      the steady state, left a fundamental gap in the aforementioned inferences. It is
      shown here that all the theorems previously proved for the flux ratio under
      unsteady conditions remain valid when temporary capture of tracer is admitted, no
      matter how the rate of capture, and the probability distribution of residence
      times of tracer at capture sites, may depend on the distance from a membrane
      boundary. The validity of the aforementioned inferences from observed time
      dependence of the flux ratio is thereby extended to a much wider class of
      membrane transport processes.

PMID- 3713216
TI  - Comparative cardiac mechanics: Laplace's Law.
AB  - The pumping ability of the heart is determined by mechanical and geometrical
      factors. These latter are governed by Laplace's Law. The extent of the
      applicability of this law across mammalian species is examined utilizing
      allometric relations and dimensional analysis. Results show that Laplace's Law
      plays an important role in linking the anatomical design to the functional
      capability of mammalian hearts.

PMID- 3713217
TI  - Dynamic approach to thermotropic and inotropic phase transitions.
AB  - Thermotropic and inotropic phase transitions have been analysed with a dynamic
      theory on a self-organization. An equation of motion of a molecular assembly with
      strong interactions may be approximately described as: dQ/dt' congruent to -K1Q
      K3Q3, where Q is a displacement from the equilibrium point Q0(identical to 0) in
      a vibrational state, K1 is a transition parameter. When the parameter K1
      concerned with an internal driving force (partial system) changes from positive
      to negative through the potential bifurcation, the system transfers to a new
      stable state breaking down the symmetry. Such a sign change of K1 serves as a
      trigger to a phase transition. Using Weiss' approximation, we have evaluated the
      change of K1 by a function of temperature, kappa (T-TC), and have obtained the
      critical temperature TC of thermotropic phase transition. We have furthermore
      treated inotropic phase transition caused by the binding of divalent cations like
      Ca2+ using the function kappa (T-beta TC), where beta is a shift parameter of the
      critical temperature.

PMID- 3713218
TI  - Hormonal control of sex ratio.
AB  - It has been hypothesized that the maternal gonadotrophin level at the time of
      conception is causally related to the sex of the resultant human zygote, high
      levels of hormone being associated with the production of female offspring. In
      this note, evidence for and against this hypothesis is reviewed. There seems so
      much evidence in its favour that one might conclude that it contains at least a
      kernel of truth. It is suggested here that of the components of gonadotrophin,
      the active one in this hypothesized sex-selective process is luteinizing hormone,
      rather than follicle-stimulating hormone. The hypothesis is nevertheless unable
      to accommodate several well-established sets of data. Accordingly it is suggested
      that other hormones, oestrogen and testosterone, have sex-selective properties
      too, high levels being associated with male offspring. This elaboration of the
      hypothesis, if it were true, would explain most, if not all, of the
      epidemiological data on the human secondary sex ratio. In particular it would
      explain Guerrero's data which have hitherto resisted explanation of any kind. No
      suggestion is made about possible mechanisms underlying these hypothesized sex
      selective properties. But it seems that sex-selective abortion is not the only
      one. It is hoped that other workers may be stimulated not only to test the
      hypothesis as outlined here, but--if it survives this testing--to suggest such
      mechanisms.

PMID- 3713219
TI  - The evolution of electrophoretic mobility of proteins.
AB  - A model was constructed that predicts the electric charge of a protein and its
      isoelectric point from its primary and quaternary structures. By using two
      different patterns of mutation and purifying selection, four schemes of
      nucleotide substitution were simulated. In the absence of selection for a
      specific value of pI, proteins are expected to evolve toward a mildly basic pI.
      Thus, the selection for maintaining extreme values of pI must be stringent, and
      proteins with extreme pI's will evolve very slowly. This prediction is consistent
      with observations on the evolution of histones and ubiquitin. The mean charge
      change is expected to be about 0.005 units pI per nucleotide substitution. The
      amount of electrophoretically hidden variation is expected to be considerable
      even for large degrees of divergence at the nucleotide and amino acid levels.
      Electrophoretic detectability depends on the size of the protein. The longer the
      protein the larger the amount of variation at the amino acid level that is
      undetectable by isoelectric focusing. This property may be partially responsible
      for the imperfect correlation between molecular weight and gene diversity
      observed for electrophoretic data. Very basic and very acidic proteins are
      expected to generate less electrophoretic variability than proteins with
      intermediate pI's. Unequal rates of mutation between nucleotides and asymmetrical
      patterns of purifying selection have almost no effect on the equilibrium pI of
      proteins, but affect the rates of change in pI, and increase the amount of
      electrophoretically hidden variation in comparison to the expectations derived
      from random patterns of mutation and constant selection. Comparison of
      detectability of protein differences among four electrophoretical techniques
      suggests that the best performance is obtained by the sequential electrophoresis
      method.

PMID- 3713220
TI  - The size of the largest land animal.
AB  - The upper mass limit to terrestrial animals is studied using physical arguments
      and allometric laws for bone and muscle strength and animal locomotion. The limit
      is suggested to lie between 10(5) and 10(6) kg. A possibility for a still higher
      mass, in case of new adaptations, is not excluded.

PMID- 3713221
TI  - Autocatalytic sets of proteins.
AB  - This article investigates the possibility that the emergence of reflexively
      autocatalytic sets of peptides and polypeptides may be an essentially inevitable
      collective property of any sufficiently complex set of polypeptides. The central
      idea is based on the connectivity properties of random directed graphs. In the
      set of amino acid monomer and polymer species up to some maximum length, M, the
      number of possible polypeptides is large, but, for specifiable "legitimate" end
      condensation, cleavage and transpeptidation exchange reactions, the number of
      potential reactions by which the possible polypeptides can interconvert is very
      much larger. A directed graph in which arrows from smaller fragments to larger
      condensation products depict potential synthesis reactions, while arrows from the
      larger peptide to the smaller fragments depict the reverse cleavage reactions,
      comprises the reaction graph for such a system. Polypeptide protoenzymes are able
      to catalyze such reactions. The distribution of catalytic capacities in peptide
      space is a fundamental problem in its own right, and in its bearing on the
      existence of autocatalytic sets of proteins. Using an initial idealized
      hypothesis that an arbitrary polypeptide has a fixed a priori probability of
      catalyzing any arbitrary legitimate reaction to assign to each polypeptide those
      reactions, if any, which it catalyzes, the probability that the set of
      polypeptides up to length M contains a reflexively autocatalytic subset can be
      calculated and is a percolation problem on such reaction graphs. Because, as M
      increases, the ratio of reactions among the possible polypeptides to polypeptides
      rises rapidly, the existence of such autocatalytic subsets is assured for any
      fixed probability of catalysis. The main conclusions of this analysis appear
      independent of the idealizations of the initial model, introduce a novel kind of
      parallel selection for peptides catalyzing connected sequences of reactions,
      depend upon a new kind of minimal critical complexity whose properties are
      definable, and suggest that the emergence of self replicating systems may be a
      self organizing collective property of critically complex protein systems in
      prebiotic evolution. Similar principles may apply to the emergence of a primitive
      connected metabolism. Recombinant DNA procedures, cloning random DNA coding
      sequences into expression vectors, afford a direct avenue to test the
      distribution of catalytic capacities in peptide space, may provide a new means to
      select or screen for peptides with useful properties, and may ultimately lead
      toward the actual construction of autocatalytic peptide sets.

PMID- 3713222
TI  - Some comments on the variance of heterozygosity in finite populations.
AB  - A new and more accurate formula for the variance of heterozygosity under genetic
      drift has been obtained. The variance can be partitioned into two components; the
      first comes from the dispersion of the allelic frequencies among populations, and
      the second from the dispersion of the actual heterozygosity, h, around their
      expected values, 2pq. A certain generation exists where the variance reaches a
      maximum; thus, the genetic drift can be split into two phases by this single
      maximum.

PMID- 3713223
TI  - Intestinal absorption by carrier-mediated transports: two-dimensional laminar
      flow model.
AB  - The two-dimensional laminar flow model was adapted to the intestinal absorption
      of drug and biological substances by carrier-mediated transports in the single
      perfusion experiments and we investigated the effects of the unstirred water
      layer on the Michaelis constant and the maximum transport velocity. According to
      the calculated values, the half saturation concentration at the inlet was larger
      than the true Michaelis constant at the intestinal wall. The apparent values of
      the Michaelis constant and the maximum transport velocity obtained by the
      Lineweaver-Burk plots were larger than the true ones, and the relations were not
      linear. These deviations increased as the ratio of the maximum transport velocity
      to the Michaelis constant increased and as the perfusion rate decreased. In the
      concurrent presence of a passive transport, underestimation of the carrier
      mediated transport component of the absorption rate (at steady state) was
      predicted. It is considered to cause the underestimation of the maximum transport
      velocity. When water was absorbed (or secreted), the absorption rate increased
      (or decreased) and did not saturate. This two-dimensional laminar flow model
      would enable us to analyze the experimental data to determine the true values of
      the Michaelis constant and the maximum transport velocity.

PMID- 3713224
TI  - Modelling of the control of heart rate by breathing using a kernel method.
AB  - The process of the breathing (input) to the heart rate (output) of man is
      considered for system identification by the input-output relationship, using a
      mathematical model expressed as integral equations. The integral equation is
      considered and fixed so that the identification method reduces to the
      determination of the values within the integral, called kernels, resulting in an
      integral equation whose input-output behaviour is nearly identical to that of the
      system. This paper uses an algorithm of kernel identification of the Volterra
      series which greatly reduces the computational burden and eliminates the
      restriction of using white Gaussian input as a test signal. A second-order model
      is the most appropriate for a good estimate of the system dynamics. The model
      contains the linear part (first-order kernel) and quadratic part (second-order
      kernel) in parallel, and so allows for the possibility of separation between the
      linear and non-linear elements of the process. The response of the linear term
      exhibits the oscillatory input and underdamped nature of the system. The
      application of breathing as input to the system produces an oscillatory term
      which may be attributed to the nature of sinus node of the heart being sensitive
      to the modulating signal the breathing wave. The negative-on diagonal seems to
      cause the dynamic asymmetry of the total response of the system which opposes the
      oscillatory nature of the first kernel related to the restraining force present
      in the respiratory heart rate system. The presence of the positive-off diagonal
      of the second-order kernel of respiratory control of heart rate is an indication
      of an escape-like phenomenon in the system.

PMID- 3713225
TI  - Calculation of the conformation of glycosphingolipids. 1. Beta-D-glucosyl-N-(2-D
      hydroxyoctadecanoyl)-D-dihydrosphingosine (glucosyl-ceramide) and alpha-D-N
      acetylneuraminyl-(2----3)-beta-D-galactose.
AB  - The conformation of a glucosyl-ceramide, beta-D-galactosyl-N-(2-D
      hydroxyoctadecanoyl)-D-dihydrosphingos in e, and of the disaccharide, N
      acetylneuraminyl-galactose have been predicted by energy minimization techniques
      including an orbital force field approach. The predictions have been shown to be
      in excellent agreement with the results of X-ray single crystal analysis and
      structures postulated from nuclear magnetic resonance methods and have confirmed
      the utility of the computational approach to the study of glycosphingolipids.

PMID- 3713226
TI  - Is non-genic inheritance involved in carcinogenesis? A cytotactic model of
      transformation.
AB  - There is convincing evidence that the patterns formed by microtubules and by
      other fibres and organelles in ciliates are partly determined by non-genic
      inherited information, the so-called cytotactic information. There is also some
      evidence that this exists in metazoan cells and is perhaps involved in neoplastic
      transformation. On this background a cytotactic model of transformation which
      allows new interpretation of several characteristics of cancer cells has been
      developed. It proposes (a) that most cells contain cytotactic information, (b)
      that mechanisms to repair modifications of this information exist, and (c) that
      transformation may result when the cytotactic information is modified beyond
      repair. The model further proposes that (d) the modified cytotactic information
      is unevenly distributed between daughter cells at the following divisions so that
      cells with abnormal patterns, increasing pleomorphy and malignancy, and possibly
      altered gene functions are formed. The cytotactic transformation is proposed to
      take place in one or in two steps and to be inducible not only by many usual
      carcinogens but also by for example aborted cell divisions. A cytotactic
      interpretation of cancers induced by asbestos and of certain other observations
      is attempted.

PMID- 3713227
TI  - Gastrointestinal studies of Pyrenacantha staudtii leaf extracts.
AB  - The main constituents of the ethanol extract of Pyrenacantha staudtii leaves were
      identified to be triterpenoid saponins and orally this extract was shown to
      protect rats from developing gastric ulcers induced by various experimental
      models: drugs (indomethacin, serotonin), cold-restraint stress and Shay rat. The
      protection was shown to be dose-dependent in the case of indomethacin-induced
      ulcers. The mechanisms by which the triterpenoids of P. staudtii may exhibit anti
      ulcer activities are discussed.

PMID- 3713228
TI  - Traditional medicine in Fiji: some herbal folk cures used by Fiji Indians.
AB  - Traditional medicine has been practised in the South Pacific country of Fiji by
      almost all ethnic groups, both indigenous and immigrant. This paper reports on a
      survey on traditional medicinal practices in one major group, the Fiji Indians,
      who came from India in late 19th and early 20th century. The extent of knowledge
      and skills possessed by traditional healers and lay people, the plants and plant
      materials used by them for herbal remedies, parallel uses in India of the various
      plant species and their biodynamic properties are presented.

PMID- 3713229
TI  - Pharmacological evaluation of Dioscorea dumetorum tuber used in traditional
      antidiabetic therapy.
AB  - This study was undertaken to confirm or otherwise disprove the alleged
      effectiveness of Dioscorea dumetorum tuber in the traditional treatment of
      clinical diabetes mellitus. Hydroalcoholic extracts of the tuber were
      fractionated by precipitation or solvent partition and the various extracts or
      fractions subjected to phytochemical and pharmacological tests. Whereas the
      alkaloid-containing fraction was hyperglycaemic in fasting normal mice, the whole
      extract and the fractions containing steroidal derivatives evinced significant
      hypoglycaemic activities in fasting normal mice or rabbits and in fasting alloxan
      diabetic rabbits. The hypoglycaemic action of the glycosidic portion in
      particular was prompt and potent, in normal as well as in severely alloxan
      diabetic rabbits suggesting thereby the possibility of obtaining an agent that
      could act in conditions of even severe insulin lack.

PMID- 3713230
TI  - Pharmacologic effects of an aqueous extract of Rhigiocarya racemifera.
AB  - Several pharmacologic studies were carried out with an aqueous extract of
      Rhigiocarya racemifera after phytochemical tests revealed the main constituents
      to be glycosides, saponins and tannins. Studies on intact mice showed that the
      extract has an intraperitoneal LD50 of 142 mg/kg and that 50 mg/kg of the extract
      reduced gastrointestinal motility comparable to 10 mg/kg of atropine. In rats, 28
      mg/kg of extract showed significant anti-ulcer activity against indomethacin
      induced ulcer and this effect was equivalent to 100 mg/kg of cimetidine. Studies
      on isolated tissue revealed that it may have musculotropic antispasmotic effects.
      These preliminary investigations seem to support its use by herbalists to treat
      various gastrointestinal disorders.

PMID- 3713231
TI  - Effects of Lythrum salicaria extracts on hyperglycemic rats and mice.
AB  - Ether extracts of Lythrum salicaria stems and flowers exhibited significant
      hypoglycemic activity in rats with glucose- and epinephrine-induced hyperglycemia
      when the animals were given oral doses equivalent to 10 g/kg of starting
      material. These extracts were also found to be active in alloxan- and
      streptozotocin-diabetic rats and alloxan-diabetic mice. While both stem and
      flower extracts reduced the elevated gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity
      induced by streptozotocin in rats, only the stem extract reduced the elevated
      lactic dehydrogenase activity also seen. The flower extract clearly accentuated
      the elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase induced by streptozotocin.

PMID- 3713232
TI  - Sources of the anti-implantation alkaloid yuehchukene in the genus Murraya.
AB  - The genus Murraya has been widely used in traditional medicine in east Asia. In
      view of the recent isolation of the anti-implantation alkaloid yuehchukene from
      M. paniculata a search has now been made for other natural sources of this
      alkaloid within the genus. In this paper we report findings for nine taxa of
      Murraya.

PMID- 3713233
TI  - Laboratory observations on the molluscicidal properties of Swartzia
      madagascariensis (Leguminosae).

PMID- 3713234
TI  - Significant patient-related determinants of prosthetic valve performance.
AB  - With rare exception, the bulk of out knowledge concerning the performance of any
      particular valve substitute originates from one institution; thus, if valve
      related complications are more a function of the patient substrate undergoing
      operation than the prosthesis per se, the usefulness of inter-institutional
      comparisons would be severely limited. To address this question, the outcome of
      2,719 patients after mitral or aortic valve replacement over 12,955 patient-years
      of follow-up was analyzed by time-dependent multivariate statistical methods with
      respect to thromboembolic events, anticoagulant-related hemorrhage, valve
      failure, fatal valve failure, all valve-related morbidity and mortality,
      necessity for reoperation, and late survival. Many patient-related factors were
      significant predictors of the probability of certain patient groups for
      sustaining these valve-related complications. Hence, comparisons of results of
      valve performance from different institutions may be misleading unless patient
      populations are comparable.

PMID- 3713235
TI  - Cryosurgical modification of retrograde atrioventricular conduction. Implications
      for the surgical treatment of atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia.
AB  - Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia resulting from atrioventricular nodal
      reentry is a common arrhythmia that usually responds to medical therapy. When
      atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia is refractory to medical therapy,
      cryoablation or endocardial catheter ablation of the His bundle has been employed
      to protect the ventricles from the tachycardia. However, these techniques
      necessitate implantation of a permanent ventricular pacemaker. A cryosurgical
      procedure that ablates the anatomic-electrophysiologic substrate for
      atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia while preserving antegrade
      atrioventricular conduction has been described. The purpose of the present study
      was to determine the effects of this procedure on retrograde atrioventricular
      conduction and on the ventricular echo phenomenon in particular. Thirty adult
      mongrel dogs underwent either the cryosurgical procedure (n = 20) or a sham
      operation (n = 10). The animals were studied either immediately postoperatively
      (acute cryosurgery group and control group, n = 10 for each group) or 14 weeks
      postoperatively (chronic cryosurgery group, n = 10). Decremental ventricular
      pacing and programmed premature ventricular pacing protocols were used to
      determine the retrograde atrioventricular nodal conduction time, Wenckebach
      point, atrioventricular nodal refractory periods, and ventricular echo reflection
      time. No electrophysiologic alterations were noted in the sham-operated group. In
      the acute cryosurgery group, the retrograde Wenckebach point, atrioventricular
      nodal conduction time, functional refractory period of the atrioventricular node,
      effective refractory period of the atrioventricular node, and ventricular echo
      reflection time were all significantly prolonged. In the chronic cryosurgery
      group, no significant change in ventriculoatrial conduction was noted, but the
      ventricular echo phenomenon was eliminated in all but one animal. These data
      further document that this cryosurgical procedure is capable of ablating the
      anatomic-electrophysiologic substrate necessary for atrioventricular nodal
      reentry tachycardia while preserving atrioventricular conduction.

PMID- 3713236
TI  - Right ventricular growth potential in neonates with pulmonary atresia and intact
      ventricular septum.
AB  - The cardiac catheterization data and angiograms of 30 infants with pulmonary
      atresia and intact ventricular septum were reviewed to evaluate the growth
      potential of the right ventricle after transventricular pulmonary valvotomy. An
      index of right ventricular size based upon the tricuspid valve anulus, right
      ventricular inlet, and right ventricular outlet dimensions was used. Fourteen
      infants (Group I) were treated with systemic-pulmonary arterial shunts only,
      whereas 16 infants (Group II) underwent pulmonary valvotomy and 14 had shunting
      as well. Follow-up studies demonstrated the lack of right ventricular growth in
      Group I (right ventricular index of 7.0 +/- 3.2 preoperatively versus 7.0 +/- 2.0
      postoperatively) and persistence of severe right ventricular hypertension
      (systolic pressure of 121 +/- 31 versus 120 +/- 48 mm Hg). In contrast, the right
      ventricular cavity increased in nine of 11 Group II infants who underwent
      valvotomy. Right ventricular index increased from 7.7 +/- 1.6 to 11.0 +/- 3.1 (p
      less than 0.01) and systolic pressure fell from 132 +/- 31 to 83 +/- 50 mm Hg (p
      less than 0.1). Early and late mortality in Group I was 50% (7/14), whereas only
      three of 16 Group II infants died (p greater than 0.1). It is concluded that
      pulmonary valvotomy should be attempted in all neonates with pulmonary atresia
      and intact ventricular septum in whom an outflow tract is identified
      angiographically to maximize the potential for right ventricular growth and
      increase its functional contribution to normal circulation.

PMID- 3713237
TI  - Congenital aortico-right atrial communications. The dilemma of differentiation
      from coronary-cameral fistula.
AB  - Four cases of an unusual form of aortico-right atrial communication are
      described. All patients were asymptomatic but had an atypical continuous murmur
      on examination. A distinctive appearance was noted on the angiograms, with a
      large tortuous tunnel noted superior to the left sinus of Valsalva, passing
      posterior to the aortic root before terminating near the right atrial-superior
      vena caval junction. This structure was readily identified by two-dimensional
      echocardiography. The defect was successfully closed surgically in three of four
      patients. The presence of normal major coronary arteries and absence of any small
      myocardial coronary branches from the tunnel argues against the structure being a
      coronary-cameral fistula and supports the diagnosis of aortico-right atrial
      tunnel.

PMID- 3713238
TI  - The hypoplastic mitral valve. When should a left atrial-left ventricular
      extracardiac valved conduit be used?
AB  - Limited experimental and clinical experience with extracardiac bypass of the
      mitral valve has been reported. We describe the case history of a 3-year-old
      child in whom a left atrial-left ventricular valved conduit was successfully used
      to bypass a severely hypoplastic parachute mitral valve. The potential
      applications of this unconventional surgical option are reviewed.

PMID- 3713239
TI  - Dynamic right ventricular dimension. Relation to chamber volume during the
      cardiac cycle.
AB  - Whereas the left ventricle has been analyzed extensively, the apparent complexity
      of right ventricular geometry and contraction has hindered analysis of right
      ventricular performance by an assessment of instantaneous ventricular dimensions
      and volume during the cardiac cycle. To address this issue, we examined the
      temporal and quantitative relation between dynamic right ventricular free wall
      dimension, rate of pressure development (dP/dt), and pulmonary artery flow in the
      open-chest dog. Right ventricular free wall chord dimension was recorded by
      sonomicrometry, right ventricular pressure by micromanometer-tipped catheter, and
      pulmonary flow by electromagnetic probe. The point of peak positive right
      ventricular dP/dt closely correlated with the end of isovolumic contraction and
      initiation of ejection, occurring within 10 +/- 25 msec of initiation of
      pulmonary flow. Right ventricular dimension at peak positive dP/dt differed from
      dimension at initiation of chord shortening by less than 3%. Peak negative dP/dt
      correlated with end ejection, occurring within 10 +/- 25 msec of cessation of
      pulmonary flow. Right ventricular dimension at peak negative dP/dt differed from
      minimal dimension by less than 1%. In all dogs, volume ejected from the right
      ventricular chamber during each cardiac cycle was directly related to the change
      in right ventricular dimension during the same period (mean r = 0.969). This
      relationship between right ventricular stroke volume and dimensional change
      remained linear and was not changed (p = NS) by increases in right or left
      ventricular afterload induced by constricting the pulmonary artery or descending
      aorta. Right ventricular stroke work, calculated as the integral of instantaneous
      right ventricular pressure and dimension, correlated well (mean r = 0.980) with
      directly measured global right ventricular stroke work over a wide range; it was
      also not changed (p = NS) by changes in afterload. Accurate assessments of beat
      to-beat right ventricular chamber volume and stroke work can be obtained by
      analysis of dynamic right ventricular chord dimension.

PMID- 3713240
TI  - An eight-year experience with porcine bioprosthetic cardiac valves.
AB  - A total of 589 porcine bioprostheses were implanted in 509 patients from January,
      1976, through December, 1983. Of the valves implanted, 390 were Hancock and 199
      were Carpentier-Edwards. A total of 1,633 patient-years was accrued, with a mean
      follow-up of 38 months per patient. Two hundred eight patients had aortic valve
      replacement, 209 had mitral valve replacement, and 79 had multiple valve
      replacements, of which 46 were aortic and mitral replacements. The mortality for
      isolated aortic valve replacement was 5.8%; for isolated mitral replacement,
      8.6%, and for all patients, 10.9%. Late mortality was 3.9% per patient-year. The
      actuarial survival rate at 5 years was 79% for aortic, 68% for mitral, and 76%
      for aortic-mitral valve replacement. There were 12 thromboembolic events (0.73%
      per patient-year). Two episodes occurred in patients with an aortic
      bioprosthesis, nine in patients with a porcine mitral valve, and one in a patient
      with mitral and tricuspid bioprosthetic valves. The probability of remaining free
      of thromboembolism at 5 years was 99% for the group having aortic valve
      replacement, 93% for those having mitral replacement, and 100% for the group
      having aortic-mitral valve replacements. Thirteen episodes of endocarditis
      occurred (0.8% per patient-year). Seven of the 13 patients died as a direct
      result of endocarditis. The probability of remaining free of prosthetic
      endocarditis at 5 years was 97% for the aortic valve replacement group, 95% for
      the mitral group, and 97% for the aortic-mitral group. There were 20 instances of
      xenograft failure (1.2% per patient-year). The probability of remaining free of
      valve failure at 5 years was 96% for the aortic valve replacement group, 93% for
      the mitral group, and 93% for the aortic-mitral replacement group. Primary tissue
      failure of a prosthesis occurred in seven patients, all with Hancock valves
      (0.43% per patient-year). As yet there has been no primary tissue failure of the
      Carpentier-Edwards prosthesis. There also appears to be a lower incidence of
      thromboembolism (Edwards, 0.3% per patient-year; Hancock, 0.8% per patient-year)
      and endocarditis (Edwards, 0.6% per patient-year; Hancock, 1.0% per patient
      year). The low incidence of complications with the porcine bioprosthetic valve,
      especially the Carpentier-Edwards, encourages us to recommend its continued use,
      especially in situations in which anticoagulation is contraindicated.

PMID- 3713241
TI  - Late ball variance with the Model 1000 Starr-Edwards aortic valve prosthesis.
      Risk analysis and strategy of operative management.
AB  - The first generation of aortic ball-valve prostheses, used until 1965, was
      associated with poppet damage owing to fatty infiltration of the silicone rubber
      ball, a phenomenon termed ball variance. For the Model 1000 Starr-Edwards valves,
      almost all cases were discovered before 8 years. However, a review of our
      patients still at risk with the original valve and poppet, prompted by other
      recent reports of late ball variance, has shown that severe variance can exist up
      to 20 years after implantation. There is a relationship between the year of valve
      implantation and the timing and severity of ball variance for the overall series
      of patients surviving operation, but for the subgroup currently at risk the
      sample sizes are too small to detect any difference, if one still exists. Only
      three of 12 patients in the current subset were found to have severe variance.
      Simple ball change has been the operation of choice. Prophylactic reoperation is
      not indicated in the current subset, but patients require careful follow-up and
      should be considered for reoperation should symptoms develop.

PMID- 3713242
TI  - Extraction of an intrapleural foreign body with a flexible endoscope.
AB  - A polyethylene catheter inadvertently sheared off during a diagnostic
      thoracentesis was successfully extracted with a flexible endoscope.
      Coincidentally, excellent visualization of the entire pleural space was noted.
      The procedure was performed with the patient under general anesthesia and sterile
      technique was employed. The patient sustained no untoward consequence. Coelomic
      analysis with a flexible endoscope may be appropriate in other diagnostic and
      therapeutic circumstances.

PMID- 3713243
TI  - Blowgun dart aspiration.
AB  - We report on two young patients with unusual airway foreign bodies: blowgun
      darts. These homemade darts are constructed with yarn, thread, and a common pin.
      Because only the pin is radiopaque, and because the child may be reluctant to
      disclose the nature of the foreign body, the bronchoscopist may encounter
      unexpected difficulty in extracting the dart. A radiograph showing a pin head
      down in the trachea or bronchus, coughing (especially with hemoptysis) in excess
      of that expected from just an aspirated pin, and a child hesitant to divulge the
      full history suggest blowgun dart aspiration.

PMID- 3713244
TI  - Cavitating primary pulmonary fibrosarcoma in a child.
AB  - Primary pulmonary sarcomas are rare tumors at all ages. They are usually solid
      and often remain silent until large. Prognosis is related to size and histologic
      characteristics. Curative efforts have been directed toward complete surgical
      removal. Presented in this report is an 11-year-old girl who was thought to have
      a bronchogenic cyst. At operation a 14 cm cavitating primary pulmonary
      fibrosarcoma was found, which was incompletely resected. The combined treatment
      modalities of surgical therapy and chemotherapy have resulted in a disease-free
      period of 36 months.

PMID- 3713245
TI  - Reoperation for prosthetic valve degeneration after Konno aortoventriculoplasty.
AB  - Since the introduction of the aortoventriculoplasty procedure by Konno in 1975,
      16 patients have undergone aortic root augmentation by this method at the
      Woodruff Medical Center of Emory University. In four patients bioprosthetic valve
      degeneration 2 to 5 years after the Konno procedure has necessitated repeat
      operation and replacement of the prosthetic aortic valve. Modification of the
      septal patch or repeat right ventriculotomy has not been required. One patient
      required an additional lateral anulus-enlargement procedure (Manouguian) whereas
      the other three have demonstrated stability or growth of the aortic anulus. We
      have not observed recurrent subvalvular stenosis or problems with the right
      ventricular outflow tract. Repeat operation after aortoventriculoplasty has been
      relatively simple and has usually involved only the supra-annular aorta.

PMID- 3713246
TI  - A new sleeve to lead the stomach or the colon through the chest.

PMID- 3713247
TI  - Morphometric study of megakaryocytes size and prognosis in adults with acute non
      lymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - Morphometric analysis of megakaryocyte cellular and nuclear size in bone marrow
      biopsies of 28 cases of acute non-lymphocytic leukemia at diagnosis and 15
      controls was performed. Median megakaryocyte cell diameter, median area, and
      perimeter were less than 95% control range (less than 18.5 microns, less than 263
      microns2, less than 64 microns) in 5/5 of induction failures. Attainment of
      complete remission was significantly greater in those with median megakaryocyte
      diameter greater than or equal to 18.5 microns (p less than 0.01), median area
      greater than or equal to 263 microns (p less than 0.001) and perimeter greater
      than or equal to 64 microns (p less than 0.001). Prolonged complete remission was
      correlated with normal megakaryocyte size with the median megakaryocyte area,
      median diameter, and perimeter within or greater than the reference range
      (greater than or equal to 18.5 microns, greater than or equal to 263 microns2,
      greater than or equal to 64 microns, p less than 0.05) in 6/7 cases with
      continuous remissions greater than 3 yr. Measurements of megakaryocyte size may
      be useful in predicting induction failure and possibly the likelihood of
      prolonged complete remission in adults.

PMID- 3713248
TI  - Hodgkin's disease derived cell lines HDLM-2 and L-428: comparison of morphology,
      immunological and isoenzyme profiles.
AB  - The cell lines HDLM-2 and L-428 were established from the pleural effusions of
      two patients with Hodgkin's disease. We studied and compared phenotypic
      characteristics of HDLM-2 and L-428 cells before and during induction of
      differentiation with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) using a number of
      parameters. TPA-treated HDLM-2 and L-428 cultures did not show adhesion to
      plastic surface or aggregation of cells; the cells did not develop pseudopodia
      and were not phagocytic. Only a slight increase in the percentage of NBT-positive
      cells was observed for L-428 cells. TPA led to a cessation of cell proliferation
      and to a dose-dependent decrease in the number of viable cells in both cell
      lines. In HDLM-2 and L-428, treatment with TPA induced distinct morphological
      changes indicative of a partial differentiation along the myeloid cell lineage.
      In addition, the production and expellation of benzidine-positive, unnucleated
      particles were observed in HDLM-2 and L-428 cells. The induced isoenzyme profiles
      of carboxylic esterase and acid phosphatase resembled those found in
      myelomonocytic leukemia cell lines. Both cell lines were negative for
      immunological markers of the T- and B-cell lineages, but reacted with several
      markers associated with the myelomonocytic cell lineages. HDLM-2 cells produced a
      factor which could induce differentiation in 12 leukemia cell lines. The overall
      results suggest that Hodgkin and Sternberg-Reed cells constitute a unique cell
      type and might be derived from cells of the myelomonocytic cell lineage.

PMID- 3713249
TI  - Assessing cultured colonies automatically.
AB  - The number of colonies formed by macrophage colony-forming cells and high
      proliferation potential colony-forming cells was assessed by an image processor.
      The processor counted and sized colonies accurately, reproducibly, rapidly (2
      s/dish) and objectively. The processor also measured the amount of light (in grey
      levels) the colonies transmitted. The optical density of a colony (the sum of its
      grey levels) was related to its cellularity. Thus the image processor compared
      both the number of colonies in samples and their cellularity. Samples of marrow
      containing high proliferation potential colony-forming cells of different
      proliferative capacity were prepared by injecting fluorouracil into mice and
      collecting their marrow 2-10 days later (marrow samples called FU2-FU10). These
      samples were cultured with one of three sources of synergistic factor titrated
      over seven dilutions. Colonies contained approx. 5 X 10(4) cells after 11 days
      culture but the way that FU2-FU10 marrow grew depended on the interval between
      treating donors with fluorouracil and collecting their marrow. Samples collected
      2-4 days after fluorouracil formed more colonies containing more cells with small
      increases of synergistic factor whereas samples collected after 8-10 days did
      neither. It was important to culture samples of marrow with the appropriate
      synergistic factor for the interval after fluorouracil. Factor(s) derived from
      the 5637 cell line acted optimally on high proliferation potential colony-forming
      cells in samples collected 2-8 days after fluorouracil, and factor(s) derived
      from Wehi 3B cells on high proliferation potential colony-forming cells in
      samples collected 6-10 days after fluorouracil. Factor(s) derived from placental
      conditioned medium acted well on samples collected between 2 and 10 days. The
      proliferative capacity of samples of marrow could also be compared by estimating
      growth curves for high proliferation potential colony-forming cells in samples
      collected at successive intervals after fluorouracil.

PMID- 3713250
TI  - Variations in incidence of childhood leukaemia in South East Scotland (1970
      1984).
AB  - Concern has been expressed recently about apparent increases in the incidence of
      leukaemia amongst young people living in certain geographical areas. We analysed
      the incidence of childhood leukaemia in South-East Scotland (excluding North-East
      Fife) from 1970 to 1984. There was a significant geographical variation in
      incidence of ALL with an excess in Fife concentrated in a small area of one
      district partly balanced by a relative decrease in Edinburgh. We feel that the
      variation is unlikely to be an artefact of geographically biased mis-diagnosis.

PMID- 3713251
TI  - Modulation of protein expression in murine bone marrow cells following in-vivo
      cytosine arabinoside treatment.
AB  - The technique of SDS-PAGE followed by autoradiography was applied to study the
      changes in protein synthesis occurring in murine bone marrow cells in response to
      AraC administration. It was found that following AraC injection the medullary
      population undergoes pronounced changes in protein synthesis. Marked increases
      were noted in the 20, 28 and 70 kD protein labelling, concomitantly with CFU-S
      stimulating activity of the AraC treated mice bone marrow conditioned medium.

PMID- 3713252
TI  - Cytogenetic modifications of Friend leukemia cells resistant to adriamycin.
AB  - Chromosome analysis was performed on adriamycin-sensitive and resistant Friend
      leukemia cells. Resistance to ADM is associated with an increased number of
      metacentric chromosomes. With increasing level of drug resistance additional
      metacentric chromosomes and several chromosomal markers were observed.
      Furthermore, the C-banding patterns and the heterochromatin distribution differed
      in resistant, as compared to sensitive cells. When sensitive cells were exposed
      to a toxic dose of ADM, multiple chromosomal breaks were observed in 62% of
      cells. In contrast, when ADM resistant cells were exposed to cytotoxic
      concentrations, the pulverization phenomenon was not observed and 75-80% of cells
      were without breaks. This striking difference suggests a different mechanism for
      cytotoxicity in sensitive and resistant cells.

PMID- 3713253
TI  - Cells responsible for restoration of haemopoiesis in long-term murine bone marrow
      culture.
AB  - Long-term haemopoiesis in bone marrow culture is sustained by the progeny of
      haemopoietic progenitor cells (HPC), which differ from CFUs by very low
      sensitivity to repeated hydroxyurea (HU) injections. The transit time of a
      haemopoietic clone from HPC to cells proliferating in culture is 6-7 weeks. The
      results suggest that the stem cell continuum is an expansion type compartment,
      members of which gradually lose their proliferative potential during
      differentiation.

PMID- 3713254
TI  - Rheographic indications for reduced cerebral vasoconstriction after oral
      magnesium medication in tetanic patients, a double-blind, placebo-controlled
      trial.
AB  - Volume and tonus oscillations of cerebral blood vessels are measurable with
      rheoencephalography. A lowered amplitude under resting conditions and an
      increased reactivity after hyperventilation (with pronounced and prolonged
      vasoconstriction) was found in tetanic patients, 360 mg Mg/day (as magnesium
      citrate tablets) was administered in 17 tetanic patients (A) and a placebo in 18
      patients (B) in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. After 4 weeks the
      hyperventilation-induced vasoconstriction was reduced significantly within group
      A compared to group B.

PMID- 3713255
TI  - Serum, red blood cell and whole blood magnesium in patients with uncomplicated
      acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - Serum, whole blood and red blood (intracellular) magnesium determinations were
      made in 52 patients, without other factors predisposing to hypomagnesemia,
      admitted to a coronary care unit. Acute uncomplicated myocardial infarction was
      documented in 31 and the serum cardiac enzymes as well as the electrocardiogram
      remained nondiagnostic in 21 patients. There was no significant difference in the
      serum magnesium level in the two groups. An increasing trend with time was noted
      in the serum (p less than 0.001) and whole blood magnesium (p less than 0.005)
      during the first 4 days postmyocardial infarction. The whole blood magnesium as
      well as the red blood (intracellular) magnesium was higher (p less than 0.01) in
      myocardial infarction patients. There was no significant difference in the
      hematocrit or other electrolytes during this time.

PMID- 3713256
TI  - Effects of infusion of the beta-adrenoceptor agonist terbutaline on serum
      magnesium in pregnant women.
AB  - Seventeen third trimester pregnant women received a 30-min intravenous infusion
      of terbutaline 20 micrograms/min. The drug caused a prompt (30 min) drop in serum
      potassium (p less than 0.001) and a decrease after 120 min in serum magnesium
      concentrations (p less than 0.002). No significant changes in calcium or sodium
      levels were observed. The altered serum magnesium concentrations were
      significantly (p less than 0.05) correlated to increases in plasma free fatty
      acid levels but not to elevated plasma glucose concentrations. Whatever the
      mechanism for the lowering of serum magnesium may be, the potential danger of
      administering a beta-adrenoceptor agonist to pregnant women with low serum
      potassium and magnesium levels is underlined.

PMID- 3713257
TI  - Magnesium status in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a pilot study.
AB  - The magnesium retention test (MRT) was used together with muscle quadriceps
      lateralis biopsy in a pilot study of 5 patients with acute myocardial infarction
      (AMI) and 6 healthy control persons. Included were men aged 35-65 years with no
      prior medication and/or diseases. The magnesium retention was 42% in the
      infarction group and 22% in the control group (p less than 0.01). A lower muscle
      content of magnesium in the AMI group confirms the MRT and indicates a magnesium
      deficiency. The bleeding time after the magnesium load was prolonged.

PMID- 3713258
TI  - Changing attitudes toward the management of blunt splenic trauma in adults.
AB  - During the past decade, one of the most controversial issues in the surgical
      literature has been the question of what is the most appropriate management of
      splenic trauma. An increased understanding of the physiologic importance of
      splenic function must now be weighed against the life-threatening risk of
      exsanguinating splenic hemorrhage. In this article, postsplenectomy sepsis and
      mortality in adults and the selective management of blunt splenic trauma are
      discussed. Although the risks of postsplenectomy sepsis and serious infection are
      low, they do exist. A policy of individual assessment of cases is recommended
      when the merits of splenectomy versus those of splenic preservation are
      considered. Similarly, in cases of blunt splenic trauma, a policy of individual
      assessment is not only intellectually attractive but also safe, rational, and
      effective from a clinical standpoint. In selected cases of blunt splenic trauma,
      nonoperative management and splenorrhaphy are acceptable alternatives; however,
      in many instances splenectomy remains the most appropriate and only course of
      action.

PMID- 3713259
TI  - Treatment of deep venous thrombosis.

PMID- 3713260
TI  - "Carney's complex".

PMID- 3713261
TI  - Thoracic wall defects: surgical management of 205 consecutive patients.
AB  - In this article, we review our experience during the past 9 years with 205
      consecutive thoracic wall reconstructions. The 100 female and 105 male patients
      ranged in age from 12 to 85 years (mean, 53.4 years). One hundred fourteen
      patients had thoracic wall tumors, 56 had radiation necrosis, 56 had infected
      median sternotomy wounds, and 8 had costochondritis. Twenty-nine of these
      patients had combinations of the aforementioned conditions. One hundred seventy
      eight patients underwent skeletal resection. A mean of 5.4 ribs were resected in
      142 patients. Total or partial sternectomies were performed in 60. Skeletal
      defects were closed with prosthetic material in 66 patients and with autogenous
      ribs in 12. One hundred sixty-eight patients underwent 244 muscle flap
      procedures: 149 pectoralis major, 56 latissimus dorsi, 14 rectus abdominis, 13
      serratus anterior, 8 external oblique, 2 trapezius, and 2 advancement of
      diaphragm. The omentum was transposed in 20 patients. The mean number of
      operations per patient was 1.9 (range, 1 to 8). The mean duration of
      hospitalization was 16.5 days. One perioperative death occurred (at 29 days).
      Four patients required tracheostomy. During a mean follow-up of 32.4 months,
      there were 49 late deaths, predominantly due to malignant disease. All 204
      patients who were alive 30 days after operation had excellent surgical results at
      last follow-up examination or at the time of death due to causes unrelated to the
      reconstructive procedure.

PMID- 3713262
TI  - Breast reconstruction: current state of the art.
AB  - The current state of the art makes breast reconstruction possible in any patient
      who has undergone mastectomy, whether simple, modified radical, or radical.
      Indications for reconstruction are a strong desire on the part of the patient and
      a reasonable life expectancy. Methods of reconstruction include the simple
      placement of a breast prosthesis alone (submuscularly when possible) or in
      combination with advancement of upper abdominal skin or rotation flaps. Expander
      implants are useful in patients with limited skin and musculature. For the
      patient with serious muscle and skin deficits, more complex reconstructive
      procedures with use of transverse rectus abdominis or latissimus dorsi
      myocutaneous flaps may be performed, with or without an implant. Several methods
      of reconstruction of the nipple and areola are also possible. Treatment of the
      opposite breast is often necessary if symmetry is to be achieved. When
      appropriate, augmentation, mastopexy, reduction, or subcutaneous mastectomy may
      be performed. There is no single preferred method of reconstruction. The approach
      should be tailored for each patient.

PMID- 3713263
TI  - Achieving enteric continence: principles and applications.
AB  - Continence may be defined broadly as the ability to defer the passage of enteric
      content voluntarily to a socially acceptable time and place. In health,
      continence is provided by the anorectum; several factors interplay to achieve
      control. When the colon and rectum are removed because of intractable
      inflammatory bowel disease, a Brooke ileostomy that is incontinent of stool and
      gas is traditionally constructed, and control of the stoma is provided by an
      external appliance. Although the functional results after a Brooke ileostomy are
      good, we believe that restoration of continence would enhance the quality of
      life. The methods by which continence is restored surgically have undergone
      evolutionary changes based on an expanding knowledge of the principles of
      continence gained in the laboratory. In this report, we detail the current status
      of our understanding of anorectal continence mechanisms and of the principles of
      ileal continence, in order to examine how "ileo-anal" continence has been
      achieved in patients who require proctocolectomy.

PMID- 3713264
TI  - Age comparisons of body temperature and cold tolerance among different strains of
      Mus musculus.
AB  - The age-related declines in colonic temperature (Tco) and cold tolerance (ability
      to maintain Tco when exposed to 10 degrees C for 3 h) described for C57BL/6J mice
      are compared to other mouse strains. Assessment of young and aged male mice of
      the C57BL/6J and A/J inbred strains and their F1 hybrid, B6AF1/J, as well as a
      pen-bred strain of Mus musculus captured from the wild revealed an aged-related
      decline in thermoregulation among all these strains. The degree of decline in
      thermoregulation was roughly correlated to differences in strain-specific
      lifespan. Aged mice of the relatively short-lived genotype, A/J (mean lifespan of
      22 months), had the lowest Tco and poorest cold tolerance. The long-lived
      hybrids, B6AF1/J (mean lifespan of 29 months), demonstrated the highest Tco and
      the best cold tolerance among aged mice. C57BL/6J (mean lifespan of 26 months)
      showed an intermediate level of thermoregulation. Aged pen-bred mice demonstrated
      a significant decline in cold tolerance, but not a significant decline in Tco.
      The thermoregulatory responses of the pen-bred mice were superior to those
      observed among the domesticated strains. These data suggest that the age-related
      impairment in thermoregulation is a general phenomenon of aging in Mus musculus
      that is correlated with strain-specific lifespan but is possibly affected by the
      level of hybridization and domestication.

PMID- 3713265
TI  - On the developmental multiplicity and subcellular interactions of pyruvate
      kinase.
AB  - The interactions of the isozymes of pyruvate kinase with cellular structure have
      been studied in the major tissues of the mouse during development. Overall, these
      data provide a firm indication that the interactions between this enzyme and
      cellular structure are appreciable in most tissues during all stages of
      development, and an analysis of the isozyme status of the enzyme in both soluble
      and bound compartments has been effected. Evidence has been provided that the A4
      form of pyruvate kinase interacts to a greater extent with subcellular structure
      than does the C4 form, and the C4 form in turn interacts to a greater extent to
      subcellular structure than does the B4 form.

PMID- 3713266
TI  - Effects of chronic hyperthyroidism on the lifespan of the rat.
AB  - The life durations of hypo- and hyperthyroid Wistar rats were measured under
      clean conventional conditions. The amount of exogenous T4 (thyroxine), which is
      sufficient to elevate T4 levels in the blood, decreased with age. The rats which
      were made hypothyroid by the neonatal T4 treatment had a longer lifespan than
      control. The lifespans of hyperthyroid rats, to which T4 solutions were given as
      drinking water during either the first or the second half of the life period,
      were shorter than control. The life-shortening effect of T4 was not detected when
      T4 was administered to already aged animals. These results indicate that the
      effect of T4 administration is not due to the direct promotion of the diseases
      which cause the death, but to the acceleration of aging during the young or
      middle-aged period.

PMID- 3713267
TI  - Changes in fluid-phase endocytosis in the rat with age and their relation to
      total albumin elimination.
AB  - Rates of fluid-phase endocytosis were determined in several organs and tissues of
      female WAG/Rij rats of several ages by using 125I-labelled polyvinylpyrrolidone
      ([125I]-PVP) as a marker. Liver, muscle and skin accounted for a high level of
      [125I]PVP uptake 28 h after injection. When PVP uptake was expressed per gram of
      organ/tissue, the liver and spleen were found to be the most active. An age
      related increase in [125I]PVP uptake was seen at between 12 and 36 months of age
      in liver, kidneys and heart. Except for the kidneys this increase is caused by an
      increase in wet weight of these organs and not by an increase in the specific
      endocytic rate. These data, together with reported findings on the major sites of
      albumin catabolism, in liver, kidney, spleen and intestine, indicate that fluid
      phase endocytosis is a main mechanism for the observed age-related increase in
      albumin elimination in these rats.

PMID- 3713268
TI  - Changes in ascorbate-induced lipid peroxidation of hepatic rough and smooth
      microsomes during postnatal development and ageing of rats.
AB  - In female Wistar rats, sensitivity to ascorbate-induced lipid peroxidation in
      rough and smooth microsomes increases with age, reaching a maximum in 1-year-old
      rats and decreases during ageing. Time course of lipid peroxidation, and lipid
      peroxidation with optimum concentrations of ascorbic acid, Fe2+ and protein in
      rough microsomes show that 1-year-old rats are the most susceptible followed by
      75-day-old, 15-day-old, 2-year-old and 1-day-old rats. However, smooth microsomes
      show a slightly different trend with maximum sensitivity in 1-year-old rats
      followed by 15-day-old, 75-day-old, 2-year-old and 1-day-old rats. Smooth
      microsomes are more susceptible to lipid peroxidation than the rough in all age
      groups except 75-day-old rats. Smooth microsomes are also more sensitive to
      inhibitors of lipid peroxidation. Microsomal content of phospholipid increases
      during postnatal development and decreases during ageing, whereas that of
      ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol do not show any particular trend.

PMID- 3713269
TI  - Fragmentation of DNA and chromatin during senescence in barley leaves.
AB  - DNA or chromatin from young (7 day) first seedling leaves of barley showed only
      one component which migrated little into 1% agarose gels on electrophoresis.
      However, DNA or chromatin from senescent (17-, 19-, and 23-day-old) leaves showed
      additional dispersed components migrating throughout the length of the gel which
      increased with age. These low molecular weight components increased even more on
      autodigestion of chromatin from senescent leaves by its associated DNase or by
      digestion of DNA from senescent leaves with partially purified chromatin DNase.
      DNA or chromatin from young leaves also produced gel pattern similar to old
      leaves on digestion with partially purified chromatin DNase from old barley
      leaves. Thus, fragmentation of DNA and chromatin by chromatin associated DNase,
      previously shown to increase 4000% on aging, occurs during senescence in barley
      leaves.

PMID- 3713270
TI  - Age dependent changes in the expression of Drosophila mitochondrial proteins.
AB  - A subset of 43 [35S]methionine labeled mitochondrial proteins, identified on two
      dimensional electrophoresis gels of whole body extracts of adult Drosophila, were
      compared between two age groups. These flies, which except for their
      spermatocytes consist entirely of postmitotic cells, were 6 days old and 38 days
      old, with the mean life span of this inbred strain being 32.5 days. Qualitative
      changes in any of these mitochondrial polypeptides were not found, but
      significant quantitative differences were observed. Quantitation of the 43
      mitochondrial proteins was carried out by computer assisted microdensitometry of
      autoradiograms of the gel patterns. The total amount of isotope incorporated into
      the mitochondrial proteins of the senescent flies decreased to 71% of that of the
      young insects. This decrease was heterogeneously distributed among the 43
      proteins; however, six remained unchanged and one protein (mol. wt = 75; pI =
      7.4) was increased 2.4 times in the senescent flies. These data clearly provide
      evidence that the age-dependent changes in the expression of mitochondrial
      proteins are quantitative and not qualitative.

PMID- 3713271
TI  - An in vitro model of ageing of human articular cartilage sulphated-proteoglycans.
AB  - Six cases of non-pathological articular cartilage were studied by organ explant
      culture to assess alterations in tissue sulphated proteoglycans (PGs) as a
      function of time in culture and donor age. Neosynthesized, 35SO4-labeled and
      endogenous, or already existing, uronic acid-containing PG populations were
      studied at several time points over 3-4 weeks. PG extractability did not vary
      with donor age. The proportion of non-extractable endogenous, but not of
      neosynthesized, PGs increased with time in culture. Sepharose CL-2B
      chromatography of neosynthesized and endogenous PGs eluted with associate buffer
      (0.5 M sodium acetate, pH 5.8) revealed 4 PG subpopulations with Kavs of 0.05,
      0.28, 0.68 and 0.9-1.0. With culture time, the percentage distribution of newly
      synthesized PG subpopulations of large hydrodynamic size increased significantly
      with a concomitant decrease in the relative amount of smaller PGs. Isopycnic
      cesium chloride density gradients were performed on pooled Sepharose CL-2B peaks
      under associative (0.5 M GuHCl) and dissociative (4 M GuHCl) conditions to assess
      component subclasses of PG aggregates and PG monomers within each PG
      subpopulation. An analysis of the Kav, 0.05 subpopulation indicated an enrichment
      in dense PG aggregate (A1) and PG monomer (D1). Both A1 and D1 decreased with in
      vitro age parallelled by an increase in the respective subclasses of least
      buoyant density, A4 and D4. Sepharose CL-2B chromatography of D1 fractions within
      this PG subpopulation indicated a progressive decrease in PG monomer hydrodynamic
      size with time in culture. In contrast to these age-in-culture related
      alterations in neosynthesized PGs, the endogenous PGs showed neither a
      significant change in distribution of PG subpopulations nor PG subclasses over
      the time period of study. These findings showed the ability of human articular
      cartilage to alter the profile of neosynthesized PG while maintaining the in situ
      PG population during in vitro cartilage aging. Such findings suggest that this
      system may be useful in the elucidation of specific changes in articular
      cartilage PGs associated with time in culture.

PMID- 3713273
TI  - Effect of microscopic and macroscopic discontinuities on the response of cardiac
      tissue to defibrillating (stimulating) currents.

PMID- 3713272
TI  - Protein carboxyl methyltransferase and methyl acceptor proteins in aging and
      cataractous tissue of the human eye lens.
AB  - We have studied the enzymatic modification of proteins in human eye lens tissue
      where these molecules can be long-lived and can be exposed to non-enzymatic
      degradation processes for periods of time up to the age of the individual. We
      have detected a protein carboxyl methyltransferase that is similar to enzymes
      from other mammalian tissues which appear to catalyze the methyl esterification
      of altered aspartyl residues, including D-aspartyl and beta-isomerized L-aspartyl
      residues, but which have no activity on normal L-aspartyl sites. Upon gel
      filtration of human lens extracts, we find protein substrates for the lens
      methyltransferase in each of the major soluble classes of protein. In comparing
      individual lenses of various ages, protein carboxyl methyltransferase activity
      was present in tissue from all normal and yellow cataractous lenses tested, but
      was present only at very low apparent levels in brunescent lens tissue. We find
      that the methyltransferase is much more highly saturated by endogenous methyl
      acceptor substrates in lens extracts from older individuals, suggesting that the
      prolonged in vivo aging of lens protein leads to the accumulation and perhaps
      metabolism of altered aspartyl residues.

PMID- 3713274
TI  - Inclusion of junction elements in a linear cardiac model through secondary
      sources: application to defibrillation.

PMID- 3713275
TI  - Comprehensive model for the simulation of left ventricle mechanics. Part 1. Model
      description and simulation procedure.

PMID- 3713276
TI  - Comprehensive model for the simulation of left ventricle mechanics. Part 2.
      Implementation and results analysis.

PMID- 3713277
TI  - Anatomic and kinematic analysis of the human forearm using high-speed computed
      tomography.

PMID- 3713278
TI  - Analysis of visual evoked potentials using the time locus of potential
      distribution centre.

PMID- 3713279
TI  - Tracheal sound detector.

PMID- 3713280
TI  - Measurement of in vitro ciliary beat frequency: a television-video modification
      of the transmitted light technique.

PMID- 3713281
TI  - BBC-microcomputer-based limb-movement measuring system.

PMID- 3713282
TI  - Two-channel miniature data-acquisition device.

PMID- 3713283
TI  - Improved battery saving device for use with myoelectric control systems.

PMID- 3713284
TI  - Epoxy moulding system for the encapsulation of microelectronic devices suitable
      for implantation.

PMID- 3713285
TI  - Computerised eye-movement processor for clinical applications: basic
      considerations and design.

PMID- 3713286
TI  - On the classification of a geriatric subject as a faller or nonfaller.

PMID- 3713287
TI  - Passive signalling via inductive coupling.

PMID- 3713288
TI  - The use of proxies in health surveys. Substantive and policy implications.
AB  - It has traditionally been assumed that obtaining health and illness behavior data
      by proxy on household members who are not present during the actual interview
      presents no significant threats to the internal validity of subsequent analyses.
      Using data on the 78,439 adults interviewed in person or by proxy (about 37% of
      the total adult sample) as part of the 1978 Health Interview Survey, the authors
      examine whether the use of proxy respondents alters the results of empirical
      assessments of the behavioral model of health services utilization or the policy
      implications that can be derived from it. Two important findings emerge from
      these analyses. On the one hand, failing to consider explicitly the possibility
      of a proxy effect (i.e., including a proxy variable in the analyses) does not
      alter the effect parameters estimated for the behavioral model. On the other
      hand, failing to consider explicitly the effect of using proxies appears to
      underestimate slightly physician and hospital contact rates (by 4% and 2%,
      respectively), as well as the volume of physician utilization. The substantive
      and policy implications of these findings are discussed, as are two alternative
      explanations that suggest that proxy-respondents simply use fewer health services
      either because they are "too busy" or because they are in slightly better health.

PMID- 3713289
TI  - Measures of continuity of care. A register-based correlation study.
AB  - In an empirical study using data from a health center in Sweden, correlation
      coefficients were computed among nine different measures of continuity of care,
      five of them visit-based and four individual-based. Generally, the correlations
      were high. This may be due, in part, to the similar behavior of the measures for
      people making few visits. The correlations were also quite high, however, when
      the sample was restricted to people with many visits. Several measures display a
      significant dependence on utilization level. The results suggest that, for
      general purposes, the measure COC should be preferred among the individual-based
      measures and fraction-of-care continuity among the visit-based measures. On
      grounds of flexibility and ease of interpretation, the authors recommend fraction
      of-care measures.

PMID- 3713290
TI  - My medical care is better than yours. Social desirability and patient
      satisfaction ratings.
AB  - It is well-documented that ratings of medical care received personally (personal
      referent) yield more favorable responses than ratings of care received by people
      in general (general referent). Hence general items are useful in achieving
      greater variation in responses to satisfaction surveys. However, the validity of
      general items relative to personal items is being debated currently. It has been
      hypothesized that bias due to socially desirable response set (SDRS) would be
      greatest for items with a personal referent. To test this hypothesis, the authors
      compared both kinds of satisfaction ratings for adults (N = 3,918) who scored
      high and low on SDRS during Rand's Health Insurance Experiment. Across sites and
      years of the experiment, the rating item with a personal referent was
      consistently biased upward for those manifesting SDRS. The rating item with a
      general referent was not. Further, the correlation between SDRS and the
      difference between ratings on the personal and general referent items was
      statistically significant, suggesting that more favorable ratings of medical care
      received personally compared with ratings of care received by people in general
      are in part due to SDRS bias. Results are discussed in terms of implications for
      constructing a valid satisfaction survey.

PMID- 3713291
TI  - [Epidemiologic study of human hydatidosis in Catalunya (1977-1981) (I)].

PMID- 3713292
TI  - [The family physician and the hospital. Analysis of the interconsultation process
      from a teaching unit of family and community medicine].

PMID- 3713293
TI  - [Lead poisoning induced by the ingestion of olives seasoned in earthenware pots:
      epidemiologic study in the Cabra-Lucena area].

PMID- 3713294
TI  - [The primary care physician and the hospital].

PMID- 3713295
TI  - [Aging and cerebral atrophy].

PMID- 3713296
TI  - [Hemorrhagic diathesis associated with high doses of beta-lactam antibiotics:
      presentation of 3 cases].

PMID- 3713297
TI  - [Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and congenital factor XI deficiency].

PMID- 3713298
TI  - [Idiopathic facial paralysis].

PMID- 3713299
TI  - [Thrombopathy caused by beta-lactam antibiotics].

PMID- 3713300
TI  - [Cerebral cysticercosis. Presentation of a case].

PMID- 3713301
TI  - [Statistical summary of the clinical course of a group of patients with the toxic
      syndrome in Palencia Province].

PMID- 3713302
TI  - [Corynebacterium group D2 urinary infections].

PMID- 3713303
TI  - [Minimal-change nephrotic syndrome associated with an undifferentiated urothelial
      carcinoma].

PMID- 3713304
TI  - [Agranulocytosis caused by glucantime in the treatment of kala-azar].

PMID- 3713305
TI  - [False-positive MIBG test in the localization of pheochromocytoma. A call to
      attention].

PMID- 3713306
TI  - [Epidemiologic study of human hydatidosis in Catalunya (1977-1981) (II)].

PMID- 3713308
TI  - [Tumor markers and pleural effusions].

PMID- 3713307
TI  - [Conditioning factors for corticotherapy of non-seasonal asthma. Usefulness of
      bronchial hyperreactivity].

PMID- 3713309
TI  - [Arterial hypertension in geriatrics].

PMID- 3713310
TI  - [Prostatic tumor as the presenting form of a Burkitt-type undifferentiated
      lymphoma].

PMID- 3713311
TI  - [Cholesterol: how and when to treat it?].

PMID- 3713312
TI  - [Immune neutropenia and thrombopenia in infectious mononucleosis].

PMID- 3713313
TI  - [Psychiatric manifestations of pancreatic neoplasms].

PMID- 3713314
TI  - [The clinical variability of paragangliomas].

PMID- 3713315
TI  - [Detection of potential donors in organ transplants].

PMID- 3713316
TI  - [Extracellular metabolism of calcium in essential arterial hypertension. Relation
      to the functional status of the renin axis].

PMID- 3713317
TI  - [Pheochromocytoma 1986].

PMID- 3713318
TI  - [The concept of brain death].

PMID- 3713319
TI  - [Intracranial pheochromocytoma. Localization by gammagraphy with meta
      iodobenzylguanidine labeled with 131I].

PMID- 3713320
TI  - [Pheochromocytoma associated with polyuria and hypercalcemia. Effect of
      adrenalectomy].

PMID- 3713322
TI  - [Terminology of acute cerebrovascular diseases].

PMID- 3713321
TI  - [Plasmapheresis in myasthenia gravis].

PMID- 3713323
TI  - [Etiology of non-hospital pneumonias].

PMID- 3713324
TI  - [Arteriohepatic dysplasia (Alagille's disease) in the adult].

PMID- 3713325
TI  - [Chronic domiciliary oxygen therapy: misuse and abuse in our milieu].

PMID- 3713326
TI  - [The oxygen concentrator as an alternative to conventional oxygen therapy].

PMID- 3713327
TI  - [Significance of the presence of herpes simplex virus in pulmonary pathology].

PMID- 3713328
TI  - [Pseudoasthma].

PMID- 3713329
TI  - [Long-term treatment of stable angina pectoris with penbutolol].

PMID- 3713330
TI  - [Oxygen at home. Indications and questions without an answer].

PMID- 3713331
TI  - [Communication with the terminal patient].

PMID- 3713332
TI  - [Strategies for the use and consumption of antibiotics].

PMID- 3713333
TI  - [Syncope as the initial manifestation of syringomyelia associated with an Arnold
      Chiari abnormality: diagnostic value of computerized tomography].

PMID- 3713334
TI  - [Pancoast's syndrome in multiple myeloma. Presentation of a case and review of
      the literature].

PMID- 3713335
TI  - [BCG vaccination in Spain. A decade of confusion].

PMID- 3713336
TI  - [Pediatric acquired immune deficiency syndrome in our country].

PMID- 3713337
TI  - [Hypereosinophilic syndrome. Presenting form of an epithelioid leiomyosarcoma of
      gastric origin].

PMID- 3713338
TI  - [Hormonal and lipid changes in patients with chronic renal insufficiency in
      hemodialysis].

PMID- 3713339
TI  - [Thioproline poisoning and generalized convulsive crisis].

PMID- 3713340
TI  - [Signet-ring cell lymphoma: optic, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical
      study].

PMID- 3713341
TI  - [Diagnostic and prognostic value of factors associated with pulmonary
      thromboembolism. Study of 70 autopsy cases].

PMID- 3713342
TI  - [Analysis of parameters discriminating between stage I myelomas and essential
      monoclonal gammapathies].

PMID- 3713343
TI  - [Chronic asthma: present and future].

PMID- 3713344
TI  - [Recurrent genital herpes].

PMID- 3713345
TI  - [Carbon monoxide poisoning: presentation as a confusional syndrome and
      characteristic computerized tomography course].

PMID- 3713346
TI  - [Recurrent infection syndrome with hypergammaglobulinemia E or Job's syndrome:
      description of a case].

PMID- 3713347
TI  - [Serum neuron-specific enolase in patients with non-pulmonary neoplasms].

PMID- 3713348
TI  - [Ketoconazole hepatoxicity. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 3713349
TI  - [Hepatitis B virus infection in a population of the gypsy race].

PMID- 3713350
TI  - [Does nicardipine improve chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency?].

PMID- 3713351
TI  - [Normal cerebrospinal fluid glucose in tuberculous meningitis].

PMID- 3713352
TI  - [Is cyclophosphamide useful in the treatment of giant cell arteritis?].

PMID- 3713353
TI  - [Clinicopathologic correlation in a series of 334 clinical autopsies].

PMID- 3713354
TI  - [Changes in the pituitary-thyroid axis after surgery of a euthyroid goiter].

PMID- 3713355
TI  - [Carpal tunnel syndrome with local and articular deposits of amyloid substance in
      hemodialysis patients].

PMID- 3713356
TI  - [Acute intermittent porphyria. Familial study: detection of latent cases by the
      determination of erythrocyte uroporphyrinogen-1-synthetase activity].

PMID- 3713357
TI  - [The clinical autopsy].

PMID- 3713358
TI  - [Septic arthritis following articular puncture].

PMID- 3713359
TI  - [Splenic abscess on a hematoma of the spleen of long development].

PMID- 3713360
TI  - [Danazol in autoimmune hemolytic anemias: an alternative treatment].

PMID- 3713362
TI  - Medical emergencies I.

PMID- 3713361
TI  - [Acute ethylene oxide poisoning].

PMID- 3713363
TI  - Temporary pacing. Indications, modes, and techniques.
AB  - This article reviews the indications for temporary pacing, describes and
      illustrates the techniques, discusses the fundamentals of electrical stimulation,
      and explores special applications, including overdrive and dual-chamber DDD
      pacing.

PMID- 3713364
TI  - Cardiogenic and hypovolemic shock.
AB  - The symptoms, signs, and pathophysiology of two major forms of shock are
      discussed. Newer modalities of pharmacologic and supportive therapy for
      stabilization and reversal of these states are presented, including the use of
      the intra-aortic balloon pump and early surgical therapy for cardiogenic shock.

PMID- 3713365
TI  - Pulmonary embolism.
AB  - Pulmonary embolism is a commonly seen emergency that presents many diagnostic and
      therapeutic challenges. In order to meet these challenges, clinicians must have
      an organized approach to work-up and management of this emergency.

PMID- 3713366
TI  - [Effect of Vibrio cholerae toxoid on the levels of antibodies of the IgG, IgA and
      IgM classes in rabbits].

PMID- 3713367
TI  - [Evaluation of the occurrence and properties of measles virus antibodies by the
      ELISA method].

PMID- 3713368
TI  - [Dynamics of the degree of antibody affinity in experimental studies of the
      humoral immune response. III. Immune response of rabbits after administration of
      hepatitis B surface antigen].

PMID- 3713369
TI  - Neuropharmacological activities of MDP.
AB  - MDP is a synthetic copy of part of the bacterial cell wall which has been shown
      to be the minimal structure capable of replacing Mycobacteria in Complete Freund
      Adjuvant. Several hundred analogs of this molecule have been produced and have
      been studied in various immunopharmacological systems. Special emphasis will be
      given here to their pyrogenic and somnogenic effects and to certain similarities
      which exist between MDP and Interleukin-1.

PMID- 3713370
TI  - Muramyl peptide enhancement of slow-wave sleep.
AB  - Sleep-promoting Factor S, derived from brain or urine, has been characterized as
      a muramyl peptide. In rabbits, one pmol of Factor S induced excess slow-wave
      sleep (SWS) for several hours following cerebral intraventricular infusion.
      Factor S also induced increases in EEG slow-wave (1/2-4 Hz) amplitudes similar to
      those observed during the deep sleep that follows sleep deprivation. Sleep
      following Factor S treatment remained normal in that it was episodic and waking
      behaviours such as eating, drinking and grooming persisted. The structure of
      Factor S is similar to those of naturally occurring monomers of bacterial cell
      wall peptidoglycans. Other muramyl peptides such as muramyl dipeptide (MDP) were
      also found to be somnogenic. Structure-activity studies of various MDP
      derivatives indicated that somnogenic activity is dependent on precise structural
      requirements. Muramyl peptides also are immunomodulators and pyrogens. These
      activities could be separated from somnogenic activity by using various MDP
      derivatives or by pharmacologic intervention. Muramyl peptides may induce their
      somnogenic effects through the release of the cytokine interleukin-1; interleukin
      1 also has the capacity to induce excess SWS. Although muramyl peptides have many
      biological activities in mammals, the role(s) they may play in mammalian
      physiology remains unknown. It is possible that mammalian tissue may store and/or
      modify muramyl peptides in conjunction with their use as modulators of sleep,
      temperature and immune responses.

PMID- 3713371
TI  - Muramyl dipeptide and sleep in rat.
AB  - The effect of intravenous administration of a nonpyrogenic (25 micrograms/kg) and
      pyrogenic (2000 micrograms/kg) dose of N-acetyl-muramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine
      (MDP) on sleep stages was tested. During the daytime study neither dose changed
      slow wave sleep. Rapid eye movement sleep was influenced, however, depending on
      the dose used. Small doses of MDP significantly increased and high doses
      decreased REM sleep. During the dark phase of the day (evening study)
      administration of 25 micrograms/kg of MDP caused enhancement of both slow wave
      sleep and REM sleep.

PMID- 3713372
TI  - Enhancement of serum antibody production in mice by oral administration of
      lipophilic derivatives of muramyl peptides and bacterial lipopolysaccharides with
      bovine serum albumin.
AB  - Lipophilic derivatives of muramyl peptides, namely N alpha-(N-acetylmuramyl-L
      alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl)-N epsilon-stearoyl-L-lysine [MDP-Lys (L18)] and 6-O-(2
      tetradecylhexadecanoyl) -MDP (B30-MDP) were demonstrated to significantly enhance
      anti-bovine serum albumin (BSA) antibody production when they were incorporated
      in liposomes with BSA and administered by gastric intubation to BALB/c mice on
      days 0 and 1 (the primary immunization) and on days 27 and 28 (booster). N
      acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP) itself showed negligible activity
      under the same experimental conditions. A stearoyl derivative of sodium beta-N
      acetylglucosaminyl-(1-4)-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl (D)-meso
      diaminopimelic acid-(D)-amide-D-alanine (GM-53) that was isolated by enzymatic
      degradation of L. plantarum cell wall peptidoglycans also showed a powerful
      adjuvant effect by oral administration in liposomes with BSA. Similar or stronger
      adjuvant effects were observed by oral administration of bacterial
      lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preparations, KO3 LPS isolated from K. pneumoniae (a
      noncapsulated mutant, LEN-1), Bacto lipopolysaccharide W derived from. E. coli
      (O127:B8) and BIOSTIM F1 fraction derived from K. pneumoniae (O1:K2) Liposomes as
      a vehicle for oral administration were not always required for the manifestation
      of the adjuvant effects of MDP-Lys (L18) and BIOSTIM F1. These compounds, but not
      B30-MDP, showed a powerful adjuvant effect when orally administered with BSA in
      phosphate buffered saline.

PMID- 3713373
TI  - Possible effects of muramyl dipeptide on liver cell membranes.
AB  - Three different approaches were utilized for illustration of membranous effect of
      muramyl dipeptide (MDP) on liver cells. Toxicologic approach using a
      hepatoprotective effect against CCL4 as well as from previous results with other
      toxins. Histochemistry and microfluorometry after chemical injury. Biochemical as
      assessed by modulation of 14C palmitic acid incorporation under MDP effects in
      neutral lipids and phospholipids content of cell membranes. By this integrated
      study we may assume MDP played a role in one or more cell membrane(s). This
      assumption was supported by reduction of hepatocyte injury as assessed by enzyme
      analysis in serum or in the cells. Moreover, MDP pretreatment influenced the
      increase in the incorporation of labeled palmitic acid in neutral lipids and
      phospholipids. Microscopical image analysis and histochemical results supported
      the aforementioned findings.

PMID- 3713374
TI  - Proceedings of a Symposium on Current Problems in Testing and Evaluation of
      Experimental and Clinical Effects of Immunomodulators. May 12-14, 1985.

PMID- 3713375
TI  - Deacylation of bacterial endotoxins by neutrophils and macrophages: early
      observations and hypotheses.
AB  - Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are thought to play a role in
      immunomodulation by providing signals to cells such as macrophages, lymphocytes
      and neutrophils. Recent structure-activity studies indicate that many of the
      bioactivities of lipid A, the bioactive region of LPS, can be produced by a lipid
      A precursor. The precursor is a glucosamine disaccharide that is phosphorylated
      at 1 and 4' and that has 3-hydroxytetradecanoate residues linked to the
      glucosamine backbone at 2, 3, 2', and 3'. In contrast, certain toxic activities
      (pyrogenicity, complement activation and the ability to produce the Shwartzman
      reaction) appear to require complete lipid A, which additionally has
      nonhydroxylated fatty acids substituted to the hydroxyl groups of some of the 3
      hydroxytetradecanoate residues. Earlier studies have identified enzymes
      (acyloxyacyl hydrolases) in neutrophils and macrophages that remove the
      nonhydroxylated fatty acids from complete lipid A, thus converting the lipid A to
      a precursor-like structure. Based on the structure-activity studies described
      above, it is speculated that acyloxyacyl hydrolysis reduces the toxicity of lipid
      A. It is also possible that enzymatic removal of the nonhydroxylated fatty acids
      is required for some of the stimulatory activities of lipid A.

PMID- 3713376
TI  - Immunomodulators and the complement system.
AB  - The possible role of immunomodulators in the host-defense mechanism against
      neoplasm is discussed from the standpoint of the complement system. Serum
      complement is activated by the majority of immunomodulators in vitro via either
      the classical or the alternative pathway, and this activation is sometimes
      observed following systemic administration of immunomodulators. Besides
      activating the complement, systemic administration of immunomodulators elevates
      serum complement levels, and in some cases binds complements to tumor cells.
      Activated serum complement by an immunomodulator induced an accumulation of PMNs
      in ascites with tumor cell destruction when intraperitoneally injected,
      indicating that complement-derived chemotactic factors C3a and C5a generated by
      an immunomodulator had an antitumor effect. This evidence strongly supports the
      concept that complement system plays an important role in the host-defense
      mechanism against neoplasm.

PMID- 3713377
TI  - Multiplicity of biological effects of muramyl dipeptide.
AB  - Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) and a number of synthetic analogs, until very recently
      considered to be important mainly for their immunomodulatory activity, have been
      investigated. Papers dealing with these properties of MDP have been reviewed
      (1,2).

PMID- 3713378
TI  - Glucan-induced hemopoietic and immune stimulation: therapeutic effects in
      sublethally and lethally irradiated mice.
AB  - The hemopoietic effects of glucan, a beta 1,3 polyglycan biological response
      modifier, were assayed in normal and irradiated mice. In normal mice, glucan
      administration increased the content of bone marrow and splenic transplantable
      pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells (CFU-s), committed granulocyte-macrophage
      progenitor cells (GM-CFC), and pure macrophage progenitor cells (M-CFC). In mice
      partially hemopoietic depleted by exposure to 6.5 Gy of 60Co irradiation glucan
      increased the number of endogenous pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells (E-CFU).
      The most pronounced effects were observed when glucan was administered 1 day
      before irradiation. In addition, the administration of glucan 1 day before lethal
      (9.0 Gy) irradiation-enhanced survival. The enhanced survival in glucan-treated
      mice in part appeared to be mediated by an enhanced resistance to the surgence of
      enteric opportunistic pathogens that occurs following radiation-induced
      hemopoietic and immune depression.

PMID- 3713379
TI  - Comparison of the in vitro cytolytic effect of hepatic, splenic and peritoneal
      macrophages from glucan-treated mice on sarcoma M5076.
AB  - Our previous results have demonstrated that glucan will significantly modify the
      course of syngeneic murine tumors. Additionally, results denote that glucan
      increases macrophage-mediated lysis of syngeneic tumor cells. The present study
      was undertaken to more closely examine the effect of parenteral glucan
      administration on the tumoricidal activity of hepatic, splenic and peritoneal
      macrophage populations. C56B1/6J mice were injected intravenously with glucan
      (0.45 mg/mouse) on days 1,3,6,9,12 and 15. Hepatic, splenic and peritoneal
      macrophages were isolated on days 8, 12 and 16. The macrophages were co-incubated
      for 72 h with syngeneic reticulum cell sarcoma M5076 at a target: effector ratio
      of 1:50. A significant increase in the cytolytic activity of all three macrophage
      populations was observed. Kupffer cell tumoricidal activity was increased (p less
      than 0.01) on day 8, but was not significantly different from control on days 12
      and 16. Peritoneal exudate macrophages showed increased (p less than .001)
      tumoricidal activity on days 12 and 16, respectively. Splenic macrophages showed
      an enhanced (p less than 0.01) increase in lytic activity only on day 16. The
      present results indicate that: 1) glucan will enhance macrophage-mediated
      tumoricidal activity of three distinct macrophage populations and 2) a temporal
      relationship exists between glucan administration and expression of lytic
      activity by the macrophage populations. These observations further define the
      mechanism by which glucan exerts its potent anti-tumor activity.

PMID- 3713380
TI  - [Survey on vagotomy].

PMID- 3713381
TI  - [Vagotomy and vagotomy follow-up--results of a survey].
AB  - A survey of 1006 surgical clinics in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1984
      showed that the general surgical procedure for duodenal ulcers was vagotomy in
      65.9%. 21.9% of the clinics checked the effectiveness of vagotomy
      intraoperatively by either performing electrostimulation (69.6%), leucomethylene
      blue staining (20.9%), monitoring of the intragastric pH-value (7.3%), or Congo
      red test (1.4%). Postoperative vagotomy controls were performed in 51% of the
      hospitals. Judging by the present results, application of intraoperative
      effectiveness control is not necessarily advisable. Evaluating the pre- and
      postoperative acid production allows the establishment of a quality control,
      however without any prognostic relevance.

PMID- 3713382
TI  - [Relaparotomy in childhood].
AB  - From 1.1.1976 to 31.12.1983 1,793 laparotomies were performed on children up to
      the age of 15 years at the Hospital of Pediatric Surgery, Mainz University. The
      incidence of acute unplanned relaparotomies was 4.6%. The most frequent
      indication of acute relaparotomy was postoperative obstruction due to adhesions
      (in 53% of all cases); burst abdomen, peritonitis, intestinal perforation,
      anastomotic insufficiency and secondary hemorrhage were less frequent causes of
      repeated abdominal procedures. 15% of all relaparotomised children underwent more
      than one repeat laparotomy. More than 40% of acute relaparotomies were performed
      on children within their first year of life. 56% of all relaparotomies had to be
      performed within the first four postoperative weeks, 87% within the first year.
      The lethality rate of acute relaparotomy was 15%. Lethality was especially high
      in children suffering from anastomotic insufficiency or burst abdomen; it
      increased with the number of relaparotomies. The significance of preoperative
      sonography for the diagnosis leading to acute unplanned relaparotomies is
      discussed and commented with examples.

PMID- 3713383
TI  - [Gallstone ileus--a diagnostic and indications problem--report on 35 patients].
AB  - The clinical data of 35 patients with gallstone ileus treated between 1970 and
      1984 at the Department of Surgery of the University Hospital of Freiburg were
      retrospectively analysed with respect to duration of symptoms prior to surgery,
      preoperative diagnostic, operative procedure and outcome. No reliable test could
      be found that will lead the clinician to the correct diagnosis in most cases. The
      classical sign of gallstone ileus--small bowel obstruction combined with
      pneumobilia in the plain abdominal X-ray--was apparent only in 20%. So, a high
      index of suspicion, especially in old female patients with small bowel
      obstruction and prompt surgical intervention will decrease mortality. Enterotomy
      with removal of the stone without simultaneous cholecystectomy can be recommended
      as a safe procedure even in very old patients.

PMID- 3713384
TI  - [The hypoganglionic and aganglionic high pressure zone of the anterior esophagus
      (the esophageal opening) and its special blood supply (angiomuscular sphincter
      closure].
AB  - At the mouth of the oesophagus there is an aganglionic zone similar to that in
      the anorectal organ of continence. This is part of the system of permanent
      closure. Since the musculature at the oesophageal entrance is arranged in a screw
      like fashion the aganglionic zone lies obliquely to the longitudinal axis of the
      oesophagus. Closure at the oesophageal entrance is further supported by a kind of
      corpus cavernosum similar to that in the rectum. In this pharyngeal corpus
      cavernosum blood is drained between the muscular fibres and their contraction
      prevents its drainage, thus facilitating the closure of the musculature. The
      constrictor pharyngeus muscle takes a similar course as does the puborectalis
      which leads to a bend in the anal canal. Thus also at the entrance to the
      gastrointestinal tract an arterial angiomuscular system of closure exists in the
      center of which an aganglionic segment is conspicuous.

PMID- 3713385
TI  - [Intrathoracic dislocation of the head of the humerus].
AB  - Intrathoracic displacement of the proximal humerus following axillary luxation is
      a rare injury; but with ipsilateral serial costal fracture and/or single costal
      fracture with contused lung it has to be included in the considerations
      concerning differential diagnosis and the tactics of surgical approach. The
      primary measures are determined by the extent of pulmonary damage; the further
      course is marked by aseptic necrosis of the head of the humerus. On the basis of
      our study case we are describing a typical course, and discussing its problems
      taking into consideration the individual publications available so far.

PMID- 3713387
TI  - [Prognostic value of the TNM classification and histology of malignant parotid
      tumors].
AB  - There is no generally accepted TNM-classification of parotid cancer. Three
      suggestions for such a classification were tested with regard to their prognostic
      value, using our own cases. The results were compared with the prognostic value
      of 4 histologically defined tumour groups.

PMID- 3713386
TI  - [Transmediastinal esophagectomy].

PMID- 3713388
TI  - [Plasmacytoma of the parotid gland].
AB  - Extramedullary plasmocytomas of the salivary glands are extremely rare. Not more
      than four cases have been described in the literature. A further case of an
      extended extramedullary plasmocytoma of the parotid gland is presented.
      Radiotherapy of 40 Gy was sufficient for a complete remission of this tumour.
      Only three months later, however, the patient developed multiple medullary
      plasmocytoma, which could not be influenced by cytostatic drug treatment. Twelve
      months after diagnosis, the patient died from medullary plasmocytoma, but without
      any signs of local recurrence in the parotid gland. The prognosis of
      extramedullary plasmocytomas of the salivary glands seems to be poor, as about
      half of the presented cases developed multiple medullary plasmocytoma. Local
      recurrence at the primary site, however, was not seen in any case. Surgical
      treatment of extramedullary plasmocytomas of the salivary of extramedullary
      plasmocytomas of the salivary glands is recommended for those cases where
      complete removal of the tumour masses seems possible without greater functional
      damage. Extended plasmocytomas, especially of the parotid gland, should be
      treated by radiotherapy. They have an excellent radiosensitivity, and the high
      risk of multiple medullary plasmocytoma in these cases does not seem to justify a
      mutilating surgery including hemimandibulectomy or sacrifice of the facial nerve.

PMID- 3713389
TI  - [Gustatory sweating following parotidectomy. Frey's syndrome].
AB  - 398 out of 700 patients (= 56.8%), who underwent parotidectomy in the years 1969
      1982 at the ENT-Clinic, University of Munster, answered a follow-up study on the
      postoperative onset of the auriculotemporal syndrome. We investigated the
      relations between marked sweating and different surgeons, surgical techniques,
      histology, lesions of the facial nerve, first appearance and mechanisms to elicit
      the sweating. The results are discussed with regard to the different hypotheses
      on the development of Frey's syndrome. No unequivocal indications regarding the
      cause of Frey's syndrome could be established.

PMID- 3713390
TI  - [Therapy of gustatory sweating following parotidectomy. Frey's syndrome].
AB  - A new suggestion for treating marked sweating with Frey's syndrome namely, sweat
      suppression by aluminium chloride, is presented, together with a survey of the
      different attempts to suppress the hyperhidrosis. The mechanism of sweat
      suppression, the form of application and the results in 28 patients suffering
      from marked gustatory sweating, are outlined. After a single application, an
      interval of several weeks free of symptoms can be expected.

PMID- 3713391
TI  - [Studies on the dislocation of cells in CO2 laser surgery].
AB  - In an in-vitro experiment particles of Indian ink, erythrocytes and Treponema
      pallidum pathogens were exposed to a CO2 laser beam of 32 kV and 5 watts/sec. No
      propulsion of the surface particles into the depth of the tissue medium through
      the energy of the liberated water vapour was seen. Hence, the reservations made
      with regard to using laser beam in tumour surgery, appear redundant.

PMID- 3713393
TI  - [Effect of stabilization of the visual field on rotatory testing].
AB  - The nystagmus of 20 normal subjects was compared by means of the rotatory test in
      the dark, in respect of visual fixation, and with stabilization of vision. Visual
      fixation was tested by means of a small lamp placed at a distance of 40 cm in
      front of the eyes of the subject. This point of fixation was attached to the
      rotating chair. Stabilization of vision was attained through a box placed above
      the head of the test person. This box - covering the whole visual field - moved
      synchronously with the rotating chair. Contrary to the test with fixation, the
      eye received no information about the real movement. The question was whether
      there would be any differences between the fixation test and the stabilization of
      vision. In both test conditions, fixation overrides the vestibular stimulus and
      results in suppressing both per- and postrotational nystagmus. This proves that
      the foveal vision and not peripheral vision is responsible for the suppression of
      fixation.

PMID- 3713392
TI  - [The Helium-neon laser effect on skin and oral mucosal tissue].
AB  - The biological effects of the helium-neon (He-Ne) laser on skin and oral mucosa
      were examined for the first time electron microscopically. Canine epidermis,
      gingiva and sublingual regions were subjected to treatment by the helium-neon
      laser with varying exposure times. The exposed tissues were excised immediately
      after radiation and studied with an electron microscope. Depending on the
      exposure times, ultrastructural alterations were observed such as cytoplasmic
      vesiculation and vacuolization, mitochondrial changes, dilation of the
      endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi cisternae and other endomembranes of the
      keratinocytes. Furthermore, ultrastructural changes were seen in stromal cells,
      endothelial cells of the blood and lymphatic vessels, nerves, muscle cells and in
      the extracellular compartment of the lamina propria. The ultrastructural
      alterations of different cell and tissue structures following helium-neon laser
      radiation were compared with the effects induced by other types of lasers. The
      results are discussed in light of the stimulation of biological cell processes by
      low-energy lasers.

PMID- 3713394
TI  - [Significance of the Barany convection hypothesis for thermal nystagmus.
      Quantitative comparison of the intensity of thermal nystagmus in supine and prone
      position].
AB  - The hypothesis of Barany explaining thermic nystagmus has been shaken. We must
      accept a non-convective triggering of nystagmus in extraterrestrial space. Under
      terrestrial conditions, however, the reversibility of the thermic nystagmus by
      changing from supine to prone position continues to support the convection
      hypothesis. We examined the nystagmus intensity in the supine and prone position
      with 22 healthy ears. The thermic stimulus was monitored via computer-controlled
      alternating irrigation system. The sequence of examinations was randomised and
      the evaluation of the nystagmus effected by automatic analysis. Our data allow to
      assess the importance of the non-convective nystagmus. With clinical test
      conditions about 85% of the maximal thermal reaction can be explained by the
      convection hypothesis of Barany. However, interindividual variance is
      considerable, and one exceptional case with predominantly non-convectively
      released nystagmus is presented.

PMID- 3713395
TI  - [Feasibility of DNA impulse cytophotometry (ICP) in the diagnosis of squamous
      cell cancers of the oral cavity and oropharynx].
AB  - DNA ploidy and the proportion of DNA-synthesized cells (number of S-phase
      fractions) were measured by DNA impulse cytophotometry in 39 patients with
      untreated carcinomas of the oral cavity and the oropharynx. 84.7% of the tumours
      of the oral cavity and 80.8% of the tumours of the oropharynx were DNA-aneuploid.
      The mean value of S-phase fractions of the carcinomas of the oral cavity was 9.18
      +/- 4.82%, that of the oropharynx carcinomas was 9.16 +/- 5.85%. There was no
      correlation between the type of DNA ploidy or the number of S-phase fractions and
      the presence of regional metastases and the clinical outcome of the tumour
      diseases. A case report suggests that determination of the number of S-phase
      fractions may give important information on the prognosticable effect of
      cytostatic therapy. So pretherapeutic ICP determination might become helpful with
      regard to the indications for cytostatic therapy of oro-pharyngeal tumours.

PMID- 3713396
TI  - [Limited function of the large salivary glands of the head. A new aspect for the
      etiopathogenesis of cancers of the oral cavity, oropharynx and hypopharynx].
AB  - Function and morphology of the major salivary glands were investigated in
      patients suffering from carcinomas of the oral cavity, the oropharynx and the
      hypopharynx. In comparison to the results obtained from healthy control subjects,
      the tumour patients showed significantly decreased flow-rates of parotid and
      submandibular saliva. Furthermore the excretion of IgA, lysozyme and total
      protein and the pH-value in both, the parotid and the submandibular saliva of the
      patients was significantly lowered. The histological feature of the salivary
      glands of the patients was characterized by interstitial deposition of fat. In
      several cases a swelling and a degranulation of the acinar cells was observed
      additionally. Other patients showed an atrophy of the acinar cells. Sometimes an
      inflammatory reaction could also be noted in the submandibular and/or the parotid
      glands of patients suffering from head and neck cancer. The decreased salivary
      gland function reflects a reduction of the protective mechanisms of the oral
      cavity and the pharynx. Additionally it enables an increased penetration of
      environmental carcinogens through the mucous surface, and therefore has to be
      discussed as a factor for the etiology of carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive
      tract.

PMID- 3713397
TI  - [Experimental stapesplasty with the CO2 laser].
AB  - Perforation of the footplate in otosclerosis can be performed accurately, when
      the large and high energetic CO2 laser focus is reduced to 0.5 mm in diameter by
      an aluminium diaphragm. The operation was performed on three dogs. BAEPs were
      evoked by bone-conducted acoustic stimuli. Hearing threshold was unchanged
      immediately after operation as well as after 2 and 6 weeks postoperatively. The
      new method has still to be performed in man.

PMID- 3713398
TI  - [Hearing disorders in Paget's disease].
AB  - The audiometric data of 41 patients with Paget's disease of the bone show that
      hearing loss exceeds the age-related presbycusis in patients with deformities of
      the temporal bone as demonstrated by X-ray (27%). The usual type of hearing loss
      is a sensorineural one. 80% of these patients showed hair cell damage, 32% of
      them a retrocochlear lesion, depending on the degree of deformity of the temporal
      bone. Conductive hearing loss of the otosclerosis type was found in only 20%. The
      Paget-related hearing loss can be regarded as a consequence of the deformation
      occurring both at the bone surrounding the cochlea and at the internal auditory
      canal.

PMID- 3713399
TI  - [Regulation of nasal resistance in children].
AB  - By means of active anterior rhinorheomanometry we searched for nasal cycles in
      children of 3-10 years of age. We measured the nasal air flow every 15 minutes
      for a period of 2 hours on both sides in relation to a pressure of 1 mbar. In the
      group of the 7-10 year old children we found nasal cycles in 79 per cent
      according to Hasegawa's and Kern's definition. In contrast to other authors nasal
      cycles were also ascertained in 50 per cent of the 3-6 year old children:
      Computing the correlation coefficient between the difference of one measurement
      from the right and left mean nasal air flow, we could demonstrate that the nasal
      cycle was actually subject to a regulatory mechanism. In contrast "solidary
      movements" showed no regulation in our challenge-controlled measurements.

PMID- 3713400
TI  - [Well-differentiated liposarcoma of the submandibular region. Case report and
      literature review].
AB  - Liposarcoma of the head and neck are seen only occasionally. In particular
      manifestations of this tumour in the submandibular region or the floor of the
      mouth are very rare. The pathohistological features and the clinical picture of
      these tumours are described by means of a case report and a review of the
      literature. The close correlation between histological differentiation and
      prognosis of liposarcoma is underlined. The recommended possibilities of treating
      these rare soft tissue tumours are discussed.

PMID- 3713401
TI  - [Delayed development of hemispheric dominance accompanied by a rare form of
      retarded language development].
AB  - A severe and unusual form of retarded speech development in an eight-year old boy
      is analyzed as "right-hemispheric speech" against the background of
      neuropsychological theories on the specialisation of the cerebral hemispheres and
      considered in connection with the development of hemispheric dominance. A plan
      for therapy and teacher counselling is derived from this analysis. The influence
      of this retarded speech development on the acquisition of reading and writing is
      also touched upon.

PMID- 3713402
TI  - Toxic shock syndrome following septoplasty using plastic septal splints.
AB  - Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) is an acute multisystem disease that has been
      recognized to occur in a variety of clinical settings. Postoperative TSS has been
      described following nasal surgery associated with the use of postoperative nasal
      packing. We report a case of classic TSS following septoplasty where intranasal
      splints without nasal packing were used. Recommendations for prevention of TSS
      associated with nasal surgery are presented.

PMID- 3713403
TI  - Voice quality following laryngeal reinnervation by ansa hypoglossi transfer.
AB  - Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury resulting in chronic unilateral vocal fold
      paralysis has been treated traditionally by implantation of various materials
      into the paralyzed vocal fold. Although the usage of these techniques, especially
      Teflon-glycerin paste injection, has been clinically established, they do not
      restore full functionality to the larynx (abduction, adduction, and vibratory
      synchronization of the vocal folds). Restoration of these functions, necessary
      for improved phonation, has been achieved at least on an experimental basis by
      reinnervation techniques previously described. This study demonstrates excellent
      human voice quality following reinnervation of the vocal folds in two cases using
      ansa hypoglossi-recurrent laryngeal nerve anastomosis. Although the reinnervated
      vocal fold neither abducted nor adducted, it presented itself in the midline for
      precise apposition with the nonparalyzed cord. Voice data were analyzed within a
      single subject experimental design at the following intervals; preoperatively,
      immediately postoperatively, midterm, and long-term (3 and 6 years). The data was
      analyzed by subjective and objective means, including acoustics and
      electroglottography. Patient selection, surgical techniques, results, and
      implications are reviewed.

PMID- 3713404
TI  - Tongue flap repair of postlaryngectomy hypopharyngeal stenosis.
AB  - Hypopharyngeal stenosis after total laryngectomy has been reported as high as
      40%. The most consistent and important causal factor is the extent of the
      pharyngeal resection since cancers of the pyriform sinus and postcricoid region
      have the highest incidence of stenosis. Dilation is frequently unsuccessful in
      the management of postlaryngectomy hypopharyngeal stenosis probably because of
      its excessive length. The laterally-based tongue flap is effective for repair of
      these stenoses because of its proximity, epithelial compatibility, and ample
      length. The technique, details, and successful use in three patients are
      presented.

PMID- 3713405
TI  - Upper aerodigestive neoplasm perpetuated in the nude mouse.
AB  - The ability to study and characterize squamous cell cancer of the upper
      aerodigestive system would be greatly facilitated by an in vivo model. The
      subsequent opportunity to observe cellular kinetics, membrane antigenicity and
      hence, potential response to chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, or a
      combination of these treatment modalities would most likely have early and
      significant clinical relevance. A multidisciplinary team of basic scientists and
      clinicians have developed a nude mouse colony for such investigational research.
      Melanoma and pulmonary squamous and pulmonary adenocarcinoma have been grown and
      successfully transferred. In addition, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma from
      multiple sites have also been successfully colonized. We present our experience
      with this interesting in vivo model and discuss problems in creating a nude mouse
      colony, techniques of successful tumor inoculation, ongoing maintenance of
      successful cell lines, and theoretical advantages for potential clinical
      investigations using this dynamic biologic system.

PMID- 3713406
TI  - Microsurgical application of freeze-dried arterial allografts.
AB  - Arterial allografts of 1.0 mm diameter and 1.0 cm length were freeze-dried and
      placed into the femoral arteries of 15 Sprague-Dawley albino male rats in order
      to study patency and tissue reactions of the host. Patency in the first three
      postoperative days was determined by monitoring viability of the epigastric
      island flap. All grafts were patent during this early postoperative period.
      Fourteen of the subjects were surgically explored after 2 months of observation.
      At that time, 13 (93%) remained patent. Histopathological studies, and
      transmission and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze the specimens.
      These data demonstrated that freeze-dried arteries are remodeled by the host, but
      do not induce a cellular immune reaction. Dependable freeze-dried microarterial
      allografts have potential future application in clinical microvascular surgery.

PMID- 3713407
TI  - Post-tympanostomy otorrhea.
AB  - Otorrhea is the most common complication of surgical drainage of the tympanum for
      the treatment of chronic secretory otitis media. Otorrhea present at the first
      postoperative visit may be due to the operative procedure, the underlying disease
      process, or both. After analyzing data from 525 operations on 1045 ears of 396
      children with chronic secretory otitis media, and finding an over-all incidence
      of immediate postoperative otorrhea of 3.4%, we conclude that preparations of the
      ear canal with povidone iodine and the postoperative prophylactic use of an
      antimicrobial-corticosteroid topical preparation provides optimal control of
      postoperative wound infection. Sporadic increases in the incidence of
      postoperative otorrhea may be due to extrinsic factors such as outbreaks of upper
      respiratory infection.

PMID- 3713408
TI  - Mobilization of the fixated arytenoid in the stenotic posterior laryngeal
      commissure.
AB  - Stenosis of the posterior laryngeal commissure with arytenoid fixation following
      intubation trauma or laryngeal fracture poses a treatment dilemma. Over the past
      2 1/2 years we have managed four patients with this problem by mobilization of
      the fixated cricoarytenoid joint, arytenoid-pharyngeal mucosal advancement flap,
      brief splinting of the arytenoids in the fully abducted position, and early
      speech therapy. As of this time, three of the four patients have been both
      decannulated and have achieved adequate to near normal voices. Most
      significantly, the previously fixated arytenoids are now mobile, confirming the
      efficacy of the principles presented herein.

PMID- 3713409
TI  - Laryngotracheal trauma: a protocol approach to a rare injury.
AB  - Laryngotracheal trauma is rare and complications are frequent. Twelve major
      series totalling 392 cases have been published over the past decade, with
      complication rates as high as 40%. We have treated over 30,000 trauma victims at
      our Level I Trauma Center over the past 5 years, of which 109 had neck injuries,
      but only 12 suffered cervical laryngotracheal trauma. The mechanism of injury was
      penetrating in eight and blunt trauma in four. The time to tracheostomy
      decannulation varied from 7 to 60 days. Airway patency was assured without
      stenosis or significant granulation tissue in 10 of the 12 patients. Three
      patients suffered permanent voice changes. Based on review of the 392 previously
      reported cases and a critical analysis of our 12 cases, a detailed management
      algorithm is proposed.

PMID- 3713410
TI  - Solitary (unicameral) cysts involving the temporal bone.
AB  - The primary unicameral cyst which involves the temporal bone is very rare. Only
      about 30 patients have been reported in the literature during the past ten
      decades. The lesion is most frequently encountered in the first and second decade
      of life. In contrast to the other locations in the skeleton, it usually remains
      asymptomatic for a long time until it causes a deformity or dysfunction. The
      etiology has so far remained obscure. Its occasional association with
      malformations of the ears and nasopharynx and other developmental anomalies, its
      incidental bilateral occurrence, and certain histological aspects may suggest a
      congenital origin or a localized defect in bone formation and remodeling.

PMID- 3713411
TI  - Primary adenocarcinoma of the temporal bone with posterior fossa extension: case
      report.
AB  - Primary adenomatous tumors of the middle ear and mastoid are rare. We recently
      cared for a man with a far-advanced primary adenocarcinoma of the middle ear and
      mastoid. Complete tumor removal was accomplished by a modified infratemporal
      fossa approach and was supplemented with postoperative radiation therapy. The
      postoperative complications of aspiration pneumonia and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
      leakage through the wound stimulated subsequent incorporation of temporary
      gastrostomy and CSF shunting into our surgical procedure. Now, 23 months after
      surgery, the patient is without evidence of recurrent disease. His case
      illustrates our approach to the management of such extensive temporal bone
      lesions as well as some of the potential problems which may be encountered.

PMID- 3713412
TI  - Low frequency jet ventilation for tracheal resection.
AB  - Low frequency jet ventilation was used successfully for maintaining normal
      ventilation during tracheal resection for stenosis. Following resection of the
      stenosis around the endotracheal tube, the tube was withdrawn and the proximal
      end of a sterile double lumen nasogastric tube with the distal end removed passed
      over the ether screen. The larger lumen was connected to a Saunders jet apparatus
      and the smaller to a CO2 analyzer. With the distal end held in the lumen of the
      distal tracheal stump, jet ventilation was initiated at a rate of 20/min at a
      pressure sufficient to obtain adequate chest rise and fall. Adequate CO2 removal
      was verified by monitoring the expired level and blood gases. We obtained normal
      arterial and end tidal gas tensions by this method which allowed the surgeon
      complete freedom to anastomose the posterior and lateral tracheal walls.

PMID- 3713413
TI  - Treatment of secretory otitis and pneumatization.
AB  - In 33 children, median age 4 years, with bilateral secretory otitis,
      adenoidectomy was performed, a grommet was inserted in the right ear, and
      paracentesis was done on the left side. Seven years postoperatively x-rays were
      taken of the children's mastoid cell systems and these were measured by
      planimetry. A significantly larger cell system was found on the side with
      grommets, which is considered to support the environmental theory of
      pneumatization.

PMID- 3713414
TI  - The endolymphatic sac: its importance in inner ear immune responses.
AB  - The present study investigated the role of the endolymphatic sac in the
      generation of inner ear immune responses. The inner ear immune response to KLH
      antigen challenge was examined in animals whose endolymphatic sac was surgically
      obliterated and in a sham operated control group. In primary inner ear immune
      responses, endolymphatic sac obliteration resulted in reduced serum anti-KLH
      levels, compared to controls, while no difference was observed for perilymph anti
      KLH levels. In secondary inner ear immune responses, endolymphatic sac
      obliteration resulted in significantly suppressed perilymph anti-KLH levels and
      greatly reduced cellular infiltration within the cochlea. In contrast, the sham
      operated animals showed a greatly increased number of plasma cells and
      lymphocytes in the perisaccular space and the endolymphatic sac lumen. These
      findings suggested that the endolymphatic sac must play an integral role in the
      generation of both systemic and local antibody responses following inner ear
      antigen challenge. The endolymphatic sac, like the gut, appears to have an
      immunological as well as a resorptive role in the host.

PMID- 3713415
TI  - A rare manifestation of metastatic adenocarcinoma.
AB  - We report a very rare case of adenocarcinoma metastatic to the epiglottis and
      cervical lymph nodes that presented clinically with symptoms of dysphagia. The
      method of diagnosis, including recent advances in the evaluation of head and neck
      metastases, is discussed.

PMID- 3713416
TI  - Design of incisions for pectoralis myocutaneous flaps in women.

PMID- 3713417
TI  - Accurate measurement of soft palate resection during uvulopharyngopalatoplasty.

PMID- 3713418
TI  - Tinactin in the treatment of fungal otitis externa.

PMID- 3713419
TI  - [Are bacteria in the small intestine pathogenic and in need of treatment?].

PMID- 3713420
TI  - [The immune system of the gastrointestinal tract].

PMID- 3713421
TI  - [Analysis of operative research in Split: how shall we promote the treatment of
      arterial hypertension?].

PMID- 3713422
TI  - [The frequency and intensity of certain emotional experiences in persons with
      malignant diseases and in healthy persons].

PMID- 3713423
TI  - [Physical characteristics of the dense part of the tibia].

PMID- 3713424
TI  - [Ureteral colic without evidence of nephrolithiasis or other causes].

PMID- 3713425
TI  - [The clinical picture and treatment of Fournier's gangrene].

PMID- 3713426
TI  - [A erythematosus-like syndrome caused by procainamide].

PMID- 3713427
TI  - [Cyclosporin in experimental and clinical medicine].

PMID- 3713428
TI  - [Physical activity in children with organic heart disease].

PMID- 3713429
TI  - [Therapeutic systems: 1. Basic concepts and characteristics].

PMID- 3713430
TI  - The effect of naloxone administration on pregnancy-associated seizures.
AB  - Pregnant mice are more susceptible to flurothyl-induced seizures than are non
      pregnant controls. The possibility that the well-known increase in beta-endorphin
      concentration which accompanies pregnancy was involved in this effect was
      examined by testing whether naloxone administration could block the increased
      seizure susceptibility. Pregnant female, control female and male C3H mice were
      treated with 5-50 mg/kg naloxone 5 min before flurothyl seizure testing. Naloxone
      markedly increased clonic seizure susceptibility in all three groups at a dose of
      50 mg/kg, but had little effect at lower doses. In contrast, naloxone had
      differential effects on myoclonic seizures in pregnant and control female mice,
      being anticonvulsant in the controls, but proconvulsant in the pregnant mice. A
      role for endogenous opiates is unlikely in mediating clonic seizures in pregnant
      mice, but may be involved in myoclonic seizures.

PMID- 3713431
TI  - Dopamine inhibition of prolactin release but not synthesis in the male Syrian
      hamster: in vitro studies.
AB  - The hypothalamic mechanisms controlling prolactin (PRL) cell function in the male
      Syrian hamster are unclear. Equally unclear is the role of dopamine (DA) in
      regulating lactotrophic cell activity in long photoperiod-exposed hamsters
      particularly with respect to PRL synthesis and release. The synthesis of PRL, as
      measured by the incorporation of 3H-leucine into newly synthesized PRL, by
      anterior pituitary glands from male hamsters is linear over a five h incubation
      period. Approximately two-fold more 3H-PRL remained in the pituitary glands than
      in the medium by the end of the incubation period. The incubation of hamster
      hemipituitaries with DA at concentrations of either 5 X 10(-7) M or 5 X 10(-5) M,
      resulted in a 77% to 83% inhibition of the release of immunoreactive PRL into the
      medium as compared with controls. Similarly, the release of 3H-PRL into the
      medium was inhibited by 71% to 76% as compared with controls; however, the
      synthesis of PRL was virtually the same among the experimental and control
      groups. These results suggest that DA may be an important regulator of short-term
      PRL release but not synthesis in the long photoperiod-exposed male hamster.

PMID- 3713433
TI  - Induction of S-adenosylmethionine synthetase isozymes in primary cultures of
      adult rat hepatocytes.
AB  - The activities of S-adenosylmethionine synthetase isozymes were studied using
      adult rat hepatocytes in primary culture. Hepatocytes from adult rats were
      isolated and cultured for several days. The activities of the synthetase isozymes
      did not change during primary culture. The activity of the alpha-form increased
      with increasing ethionine plus adenine or methionine in the medium, and reached
      about 5 fold after 2 days. However, the increased activity of the beta-form
      showed less than twice.

PMID- 3713432
TI  - Evidence for a central but not adrenal, opioid mediation in hypertension induced
      by brief isolation in the rat.
AB  - Naloxone was found to provoke a hypotensive effect related to the dose on high
      blood pressure (BP) induced by short-term isolation in young rats. Another opiate
      antagonist, nalorphine, also reduced the arterial pressure of socially deprived
      rats. In contrast, naltrexone methylbromide that selectively blocked peripheral
      opiate receptors did not alter the elevated BP. To investigate whether
      adrenomedullary opioids were somehow implicated in the development of isolation
      induced hypertension, bilaterally adrenalectomized rats were kept under social
      deprivation for 7 consecutive days. The data obtained indicated that high
      systolic BP developed in the same manner as in intact rats run in parallel. In
      conclusion, central opioids appear to be involved in BP elevation due to the
      stress generated by brief social deprivation in young rats.

PMID- 3713434
TI  - Age-dependent increase in the threshold for pentylenetetrazole induced maximal
      seizure in mice.
AB  - The thresholds for inducing the maximal seizure by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) were
      compared for BDF1 mice of both sexes with varying ages after intraperitoneal
      administration of various doses of PTZ. The minimal effective PTZ concentrations
      (MECs) in the brain for inducing the maximal seizure were significantly higher in
      24-month or older mice than in 6-month-old animals of both sexes. Some mice of 30
      months did not demonstrate the maximal seizure but died within the 15-min
      observation period, a phenomenon never observed in mice of 24 months or younger.
      The relationship between plasma and brain concentrations of PTZ changed little
      during aging. It was concluded that the brain becomes less sensitive to PTZ with
      age in regard to its convulsant activity, as was previously shown for
      electroshock by the authors. This observation, coupled with our earlier
      observations on anticonvulsants, appears to support the classical hypothesis that
      age has a dual effect on drug sensitivity i.e. a decrease for stimulants but an
      increase for sedative (or depressant) drugs.

PMID- 3713435
TI  - Decreased ketonaemia in the monosodium glutamate-induced obese rats.
AB  - Plasma concentrations of total ketone bodies, acetoacetate (AcAc) and 3
      hydroxybutyrate (3-OHBA) in monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced obese rats were
      measured. MSG-treated rats showed higher Lee's indices, shorter naso-anal and
      tail length, and a more marked intraperitoneal fat deposition than control rats.
      Plasma concentrations of glucose, free fatty acid, triglyceride and phospholipids
      were significantly increased in the MSG-treated rats as compared to the control
      rats (24 weeks-old). Plasma levels of total ketone bodies, AcAc and 3-OHBA were
      all decreased in the MSG-treated rats as compared to control rats. The ratio, 3
      OHBA/AcAc in the MSG-treated rats were not different from those in the control
      rats.

PMID- 3713436
TI  - Enkephalin hydrolysis in homogenates of various absorptive mucosae of the albino
      rabbit: similarities in rates and involvement of aminopeptidases.
AB  - The systemic delivery of peptides and proteins from the nasal, rectal, vaginal,
      and buccal mucosae has been the subject of active investigation. The objective of
      this study was to determine the pathway and rate of hydrolysis of methionine
      enkephalin (TGGPM), leucine enkephalin (TGGPL), and [D-Ala2] met-enkephalinamide
      (TAGPM) in homogenates of these non-oral mucosae relative to the ileal mucosa.
      Aminopeptidases appeared to contribute over 85% to the hydrolysis of TGGPM and
      TGGPL, while dipeptidyl peptidase and dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase contributed
      much less. Overall, TGGPM was somewhat more susceptible to hydrolysis than TGGPL
      but was 10 times more so than TAGPM. These enkephalins were most rapidly
      hydrolyzed in the rectal and buccal homogenates, followed by the nasal and then
      the vaginal homogenates, but the differences in hydrolytic rates were small.
      Indeed, these rates did not differ substantially from the ileal mucosa,
      suggesting that the same enzymatic barrier to enkephalin absorption possibly
      exists in both the oral and the non-oral mucosae.

PMID- 3713438
TI  - Effects of bile salts on bile formation in rabbits.
AB  - The effects of different species of bile salts: deoxycholate,
      taurochenodeoxycholate, ursodeoxycholate, glycodeoxycholate,
      tauroursodeoxycholate, chenodeoxycholate and cholate (DCA, TCDC, UDCA, GDCA,
      TUDC, CDCA, CA) on bile secretion were examined in anesthetized rabbits using two
      different infusion routes. When bile salts were infused intravenously, all bile
      salts (except for TCDC) significantly increased the volume of bile and bile salt
      excretion, but their respective efficiency for bile formation was different. The
      concentration of bicarbonate ion in the bile significantly increased during the
      choleretic periods induced by DCA, UDCA, GDCA and CDCA but remained unchanged
      with the other bile salts (CA, TCDC, TUDC). In rabbits, where a bile salt
      solution was infused in the duodenum and then drained from the intestine through
      an incision in the distal part of duodenum, none of these bile salts affected
      bile secretion. The effects of intravenously administered bile salts on rabbit
      bile secretion are different in terms of their choleretic potency and bicarbonate
      excretion depending on the species of bile salts used. Furthermore, it was
      concluded that the intraduodenal infusion of UDCA, which was found to stimulate
      the pancreatic exocrine function, did not affect bile secretion.

PMID- 3713437
TI  - Adrenergic mechanisms in the control of myometrial activity in mice. Changes on
      estrous cycle.
AB  - Correlation between contractile activity and norepinephrine (NE) release induced
      by electrical stimulation or by high K+ depolarization has been analyzed in
      isolated preparations of mouse uterus throughout the different stages of the
      estrous cycle. Both the contractile activity induced by electrical stimulation
      and the capacity to maintain contracture, after changing the physiological
      bathing solution by high K+ solution, followed the same pattern: estrous greater
      than proestrous greater than diestrous greater than metestrous. High-K+ induced
      3H-NE release was also different according to the stage of the estrous cycle. 3H
      NE release was significantly less in estrous than in diestrous uterine horns.
      EC50 values for inhibiting contractile response, for isoprenaline, norepinephrine
      and phenylephrine were significantly greater in metestrous than in other stages
      of the estrous cycle. On the other hand, reserpinized mouse uteri showed an
      increase in EC50 values in the stages tested. The data support the hypothesis
      that in a mouse uterus, sex steroid hormones could affect beta-adrenergic
      receptor function indirectly, perhaps through an action on adrenergic neurons by
      a mechanism affecting NE release from sympathetic terminals.

PMID- 3713439
TI  - Plasma parathyroid hormone during acute volume expansion in the rat.
AB  - Various studies have suggested the possibility that volume expansion may increase
      parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion. PTH appears to have renal effects consistent
      with the actions of a natriuretic and diuretic and the possibility exists that
      PTH may play a physiological role in volume homeostasis. The present studies were
      designed to examine whether PTH levels in plasma from rats was influenced by
      acute volume expansion and whether such effects were independent of alterations
      in plasma ionized calcium concentration. Volume expansion with calcium-free
      bicarbonate Ringers (10% of body weight, IV) led to a drop in plasma ionized
      calcium from 1.08 to 0.92 mMol/l (p less than 0.01) while plasma PTH
      concentration was increased from 67.2 to 114.2 pMol/l. Volume expansion with
      bicarbonate Ringers solution (also 10% of body wt, IV) which contained 1.8 mM
      CaCl2 was not associated with any significant change in either plasma ionized
      calcium or plasma PTH concentration. However, measurements of blood packed cell
      volume (PCV) revealed that infusion resulted in a drop in PCV from 49.7 to 41.1%
      (p less than 0.01). This represents a dilution of plasma of approximately 42%.
      The absence of any drop in plasma PTH during isocalcemic volume expansion
      suggests an underlying stimulus to PTH secretion during volume expansion
      independent of plasma ionized calcium levels.

PMID- 3713440
TI  - Autoradiographic distribution of high affinity muscarinic and nicotinic
      cholinergic receptors labeled with [3H]acetylcholine in rat brain.
AB  - The relative distribution of muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic receptors
      labeled with [3H]acetylcholine was determined using autoradiography.
      [3H]Acetylcholine binding to high affinity muscarinic receptors was similar to
      what has been described for an M-2 distribution: highest levels of binding
      occurred in the pontine and brainstem nuclei, anterior pretectal area and
      anteroventral thalamic nucleus, while lower levels occurred in the caudate
      putamen, accumbens nucleus and primary olfactory cortex. Nicotinic receptors were
      labeled with [3H]acetylcholine to the greatest extent in the interpeduncular
      nucleus, several thalamic nuclei, medial habenula, presubiculum and superior
      colliculus, and to the least extent in the hippocampus and inferior colliculus.
      By using autoradiography to localize cholinergic binding sites throughout the
      brain it was observed that the distributions of high affinity muscarinic and
      nicotinic sites labeled with the endogenous ligand, [3H]acetylcholine are
      different from each other and are different from distributions of muscarinic and
      nicotinic sites labeled with muscarinic and nicotinic antagonists.

PMID- 3713441
TI  - Rat striatal dopamine and tetrahydrobiopterin content following an intrastriatal
      injection of manganese chloride.
AB  - Injection of manganese into the rat corpus striatum causes a rapid fall in the
      biopterin and dopamine (DA) content ipsilateral to the lesion. Two weeks after
      the lesion both biopterin and DA are partially recovered. Controls, injected with
      saline or magnesium, do not show alterations in their DA or cofactor levels. It
      is proposed that the fall in DA levels results from a rapid displacement of the
      amine from its storage sites by manganese followed by a decrease in the rate of
      DA synthesis causes by the drop in cofactor levels.

PMID- 3713442
TI  - The amino acid sequence of the NH2-terminal portion of rat and human vitamin D
      binding protein: evidence for a high degree of homology between rat and human
      vitamin D binding protein.
AB  - We determined the amino terminal sequence of rat and human vitamin D binding
      protein (VDBP). The sequences of the two proteins are: Rat VDBP:
      LeuGluArgGlyArgAspTyrGluLysAspLysValCysGlnGluLeuSerThrLeuGlyLys Human VDBP:
      LeuGluArgGlyArgAspTyrGluLysAsnLysValCysLysGluPheSerHisLeuGlyLys AspAspPhe
      GluAspPhe There are 19 matches out of a total of 24 residues sequenced giving a
      percent match/length of 79.2%. Differences in the composition of the two proteins
      at residue 10, 14, 16, and 22 can be accounted for by single base changes in the
      the gene for the proteins. The difference (Thr----His) at residue 18 requires a
      change in two bases in the respective genes. We conclude that the sequence of the
      amino terminus of rat and human VDBP is similar with a high degree of homology
      between the two proteins. Vitamin D sterols, such as 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, 24,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3, and 25,26-dihydroxyvitamin D3, are bound with high affinity
      by a plasma alpha-globulin - VDBP, also known as group-specific component (Gc).
      Other vitamin D sterols, such as 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and vitamin D3 itself,
      are bound to this protein with a lesser affinity. VDBP also binds actin with high
      affinity. Its role in vitamin D physiology is unclear, although it may play a
      role in the bioavailability of different D sterols. Svasti et al. have shown that
      human group specific component (Gc) exists as different isoforms that have rapid
      or slow mobility on gel electrophoresis. The different human Gc isoforms have
      similar NH2-terminal and COOH-terminal amino acid sequences. The difference in
      the mobility of the various isoforms is due to post-translational modification of
      the protein by various carbohydrate residues; treatment of the protein with
      neuraminidase results in the conversion of the different isoforms to a single
      isoform. The amino acid sequence of the amino terminus of rat VDBP is not known.
      Recently, Cooke reported preliminary data from the analysis of cDNA clones
      showing that rat and human VDBP are partially homologous and that rat and human
      VDBP exhibit homology with rat and human albumin and alpha-fetoprotein. The NH2
      terminal sequence of the rat VDBP, however, has not been reported. In order to
      learn more about the nature of the NH2-terminal sequence of human and rat VDBP,
      we isolated these proteins in relatively pure form and determined the NH2
      terminal amino acid sequence of both of them.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3713443
TI  - Sex dependent behavioral response to frontal cortical suction lesions in the rat.
AB  - Previous reports indicate that male rats given right (but not left) frontal
      cortical suction lesions develop hyperactivity accompanied by cortical
      norepinephrine depletions. In this study, female rats given such lesions to
      either hemisphere developed bilateral cortical norepinephrine depletions but no
      hyperactivity. Right lesion male rats developed both catecholamine depletions and
      hyperactivity. Thus, the lateralized hyperactivity response to these cortical
      lesions is sex-dependent and may involve sex differences in subcortical neural
      pathways.

PMID- 3713444
TI  - Normal serotonin uptake by blood platelets and brain synaptosomes but selective
      impairment of platelet serotonin storage in mice with Chediack-Higashi syndrome.
AB  - The Chediack-Higashi syndrome (CHS) is an autosomal recessive disorder reported
      in man and in several animal species including the "beige mice" (bg/bg). Among
      several manifestations of this genetic trait, deficiency of secretable substances
      - including serotonin - normally stored in platelet dense granules is a
      characteristic feature. The animal model of Chediak-Higashi syndrome used in the
      present study provides a unique opportunity to compare the kinetics of serotonin
      (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) uptake in platelets and brain synaptosomes in
      conditions of selective reduction of 5HT concentration in the platelets. The
      kinetics of 5HT uptake, as measured in the present study, was normal in
      synaptosomes and platelets from the same animals. The lower intraplatelet 5HT
      levels in bg/bg animals as compared to normal synaptosomes levels in the presence
      of normal uptake offer an indirect proof that the 5HT defect described in the CHS
      is due to an impaired 5HT storage mechanism. This is supported by the observation
      that spontaneous release of 5HT was markedly increased in platelets from CH5 mice
      but was normal in synaptosomes from the same animals. Thus platelets are a
      reliable model to study 5HT uptake, but not 5HT storage and release in brain
      synaptosomes.

PMID- 3713445
TI  - Substrate specificity of iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase in rat liver homogenates and
      its requirements of divalent cations in vitro.
AB  - Studies were carried out to compare the 5'-deiodination reactions of thyroxine
      (T4) and 3,3'-5'-triiodothyronine (rT3) in 2.5% rat liver homogenates. The 5'
      deiodinase activity was assayed by the 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) produced from
      T4 or by 125I-rT3. Under our experimental conditions, the two 5'-monodeiodination
      reactions resulted in similar apparent KMs: 1.5 microM for T4 and 1.1 microM for
      rT3. However, the apparent Vmax values of T4 and rT3 deiodination reactions were,
      respectively, 0.91 and 222 pmol/mg protein/min. Both reactions were stimulated by
      thiol reagents but only rT3 deiodination showed complete thiol dependence. The
      inhibitory effect of 6-propyl-2-thiouracil on the 5'-deiodination of rT3 was at
      least 50 fold greater than that of T4. The divalent ion requirement of the
      deiodination system was tested with CaCl2, MgCl2, and ZnCl2 at a range of
      concentrations. Zinc ion appeared to be a potent inhibitor in both T4 and rT3
      deiodination systems. Only the 5'-deiodination of rT3 was inhibited slightly by
      low concentrations of calcium and magnesium ions. Our results suggest that based
      on their apparently distinct regulation mechanisms, the 5'-monodiodination of T4
      and rT3 in rat liver homogenates is likely mediated by more than one enzyme,
      despite the similarity of observed KMs.

PMID- 3713446
TI  - Separation of underivatized gangliosides by ion exchange high performance liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - A procedure is described which separates neutral glycolipids from gangliosides,
      and which separates the gangliosides into classes, based on their number of
      sialic acid residues. In addition to separation into mono-, di- and
      trisialoganglioside classes, there is purification of individual
      disialoganglioside species. The procedure uses a commercially available--NH2 high
      performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) column, which normally is used as an
      adsorption column. In this method the column is modified by protonation, to pH
      5.4, so that it exhibits ion exchange as well as adsorption properties.
      Sensitive, nondestructive detection of eluent peaks is accomplished by monitoring
      continuously at 210 nm, a wavelength near which underivatized glycosphingolipids
      have absorbance maxima and which also will clearly detect most possible
      contaminants. An entire run, including re-equilibration of the column, takes two
      hours.

PMID- 3713447
TI  - Effect of dietary components on the pathobiology of colonic epithelium: possible
      relationship with colon tumorigenesis.
AB  - The concept that diet plays an important role in the initiation and/or
      development of various types of tumors in man and experimental animals is well
      documented. The etiology of colon cancer is complex and multifactorial in nature,
      and there is little information on the dietary components that may act as
      initiators during colon tumorigenesis. We have evaluated various dietary
      heterocyclic mutagenic amines present in a typical "Western" diet for their
      nuclear damaging effect (presumably a genotoxic response) on the colonic
      epithelium of C57BL/6J mice in vivo. Among the mutagenic amines studied 2-amino
      3,4-dimethylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline and 2-amino-3-methylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline
      were very potent inducers of nuclear aberrations. These observations provide us
      with clues that our daily diet may contain colon-specific genotoxic components.
      Promotional effects of dietary fat and/or bile acids on colon tumorigenesis have
      been well studied. Dietary levels of calcium (0.1, 0.5 or 1.0% by weight) appear
      to modify the toxicity of orally administered fat or cholic acid (assessed by
      quantifying cell proliferation). The colons of animals consuming 0.1% or 0.5%
      calcium diet were more susceptible to the toxicity, whereas the colons of those
      consuming a 1.0% calcium diet appeared more like control colons. These studies
      demonstrate a profound effect of dietary constituents on the pathobiology of the
      colonic epithelium which may have a marked influence on the colon tumorigenesis.

PMID- 3713449
TI  - Ether lipid derivatives: antineoplastic activity in vitro and the structure
      activity relationship.
AB  - The antineoplastic activity of two ether lipid derivatives, the alkyl
      lysophospholipid derivative (ALP) ET-18-OCH3 and the ether-linked lipoidal amine
      CP-46,665 was tested in a human tumor clonogenic assay (HTCA) in vitro. CP-46,665
      suppressed the colony formation of various human tumors with a slight dose
      response relation after 1 hr incubation and with a clear optimum (85% response
      rate) after continuous exposure in the higher dose range tested (10
      micrograms/ml). ET-18-OCH3 did not have substantial activity after 1 hr of
      incubation. However, when continuous exposure to the compound was used, ET-18
      OCH3 seemed to have a modest dose response effect and yielded a response in about
      60% of the tumor cell samples tested in the higher dose range (10 micrograms/ml).
      Thus, both compounds have in vitro antitumor activity in the HTCA within a dose
      range of 1-10 micrograms/ml, especially during continuous exposure. The tumor
      specific type activity was found in breast cancer, ovarian cancer, lung cancer
      and mesothelioma. Both compounds caused decreases in colony formation down to the
      0%, 2% and 4% levels. In a comparison of specimens in which both compounds were
      used, only one of five times showed a discordance in sensitivity or resistance;
      therefore the compounds appear similar in their in vitro activity. In a second
      set of experiments we tested the structure-activity relationship among a variety
      of ALP in the [3H]thymidine incorporation assay after incubation with HL-60
      leukemic blasts and other neoplastic cells from human origin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3713448
TI  - A comparison of lipids from liver and hepatoma subcellular membranes.
AB  - Subcellular fractions of nuclei, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, plasma
      membrane and cytosol were prepared from liver and hepatoma 7288CTC. Marker enzyme
      activities, biochemical compositions and electron microscopy were used to
      establish purity. Hepatoma NADH: cytochrome C reductase and 5'-nucleotidase
      exhibited abnormal subcellular distributions. The lipids from the subcellular
      fractions were examined in detail. Mitochondria and plasma membranes were
      characterized by elevated percentages of diphosphatidylglycerol and
      sphingomyelin, respectively, in both tissues. All hepatoma subcellular fractions
      contained dramatically elevated levels of sphingomyelin and cholesterol, two
      components that form preferential strong complexes in vitro. The fatty acid
      composition of hepatoma sphingomyelin differed markedly from liver and, unlike
      liver, did not exhibit organelle specific compositions. Some hepatoma lipid
      classes contained reduced percentages of palmitate while others contained higher
      levels. Hepatoma phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine from organelles
      contained lower percentages of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids than liver.
      Generally, unique fatty acid profiles exhibited by individual phospholipid
      classes of liver subcellular fractions were absent or much reduced in the
      hepatoma. The ratios of oleate to vaccenate were near one for most of the
      phospholipid classes of most liver fractions, but all hepatoma classes, with few
      exceptions, contained a much higher percentage of oleate in all subcellular
      fractions. The hypothesis is proposed that the origin of some acyl moieties for
      the biosynthesis of various hepatoma lipid classes differs from liver sources.
      The possible changes in acyl pools, sources and compartments for complex lipid
      biosynthesis could result in change in the quantities of molecular species that
      could contribute to the abnormal properties of the hepatoma membranes.

PMID- 3713450
TI  - The metabolism of malondialdehyde.
AB  - Interest in malondialdehyde (MDA) metabolism stems from its formation as a
      product of lipid peroxidation in the diet and in the tissues; its reactivity with
      functional groups of nucleic acid bases, proteins and phospholipids; its
      mutagenicity in bacteria, and its reported skin and liver carcinogenicity in
      animals. Administration of the Na enol salt of MDA in the drinking water of mice
      over a range of 0.1-10.0 micrograms/g/day for 12 mo produced dose-dependent
      hyperplastic and neoplastic changes in liver nuclei and increased mortality at
      the highest level but produced no gross hepatic tumors. Addition of MDA to the
      medium of rat skin fibroblasts grown in culture caused nuclear abnormalities at
      concentrations as low as 10(-6) M despite an uptake of only 4%. [1,3-14C]MDA was
      rapidly oxidized to [14C]acetate in rat liver mitochondria and to 14CO2 in vivo;
      however, approximately 10% of the radioactivity was recovered in the urine.
      Chromatographic analysis of rat urine revealed the presence of several compounds
      which yield MDA on acid hydrolysis. Total MDA excretion increased in response to
      conditions which stimulate lipid peroxidation in vivo, including vitamin E
      deficiency, Fe or CCl4 administration, and enrichment of the tissues with PUFA. N
      acetyl-e-(2-propenal)lysine was identified as a major urinary metabolite of MDA
      in rat and human urine. This compound is derived primarily from N-alpha-(2
      propenal)lysine released in digestion as a product of reactions between MDA and
      the epsilon-amino groups of N-terminal lysine residues in food proteins. However,
      its presence in the urine of animals fasted or fed MDA-free diets indicates that
      it is also formed in vivo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3713451
TI  - Hepatitis B virus and delta infection in male homosexuals.
AB  - Six hundred and sixty-six homosexuals were analysed in respect of hepatitis B
      virus and delta infections. Evidence of ongoing or recent hepatitis B virus
      infection was found in 450/666 (67.6%) homosexuals; 44 were HBsAg positive. Anti
      delta was found in two HBsAg-positive homosexuals. Both individuals had a non
      replicative form of HBV infection and biochemical evidence of liver disease. The
      study confirms that HBV infection is frequent in homosexuals and indicates that
      delta-infection is rare in male homosexuals.

PMID- 3713452
TI  - The role of delta superinfection in acute exacerbations of chronic type B
      hepatitis.
AB  - Serum specimens collected from patients with chronic type B hepatitis during
      their acute exacerbations were studied with radioimmunoassay for serological
      markers of delta (delta) agent infection. Serum delta antigen was negative in all
      56 hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive and 25 anti-HBe-positive acute
      exacerbations. Two (3.6%) HBeAg-positive and five (20%) anti-HBe-positive acute
      exacerbations were found to be positive for both IgG anti-delta and IgM anti
      delta. The incidence in anti-HBe-positive patients was significantly higher than
      in HBeAg-positive patients. These results indicated that some of the acute
      exacerbations, particularly in anti-HBe-positive phase, could be attributed to
      delta-superinfection. However, acute exacerbations preceding HBeAg/anti-HBe
      seroconversion were not associated with delta-superinfection.

PMID- 3713453
TI  - Nodular regenerative hyperplasia and focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver
      associated with severe cholestasis. Report of a case with autopsy findings.
AB  - Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver was found at liver biopsy and at
      autopsy in a 61-year-old woman with severe cholestasis. Increased bilirubin
      levels persisted over a follow-up period of 4 years. Microscopic findings
      included hyperplastic hepatocytic nodules, interlobular bile duct lesions,
      fibrous medial and intimal thickening of small arterial branches and portal
      veins, and recanalization of a thrombus in a major portal branch related to an
      area of focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver. Bile duct and small vessel
      changes were prominent in the present case. Their role as contributing factors to
      the development of nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver is discussed.

PMID- 3713454
TI  - Long-term follow-up of 60 patients with chronic hepatitis B. I. Seroconversion in
      the hepatitis B e-system, frequency of delta infection and histological outcome.
AB  - Sixty patients with liver biopsy documented chronic hepatitis B attending
      Roslagstull Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Stockholm, Sweden, were followed
      during a mean period of 53 months (range 7-133 months) in order to evaluate the
      frequency of delta infection and HBeAg seroconversion as well as the histological
      outcome as assessed by liver biopsy. Spontaneous HBeAg clearance and development
      of anti-HBe occurred among 17 of 36 initially HBeAg positive patients (47%),
      corresponding to an annual seroconversion rate of 11%. Biochemical improvement
      was noted in 7/17 patients (41%) after seroconversion as against in 2/19 patients
      (10.5%) with HBeAg persistence. Superinfection with the delta agent was seen to
      be associated with severe liver injury among drug addicts and immigrants with
      chronic hepatitis B. In the absence of a delta infection, progressive liver
      disease seemed to be associated with persistence of HBeAg. Although none of the
      homosexual men studied were delta superinfected, 71% developed chronic active
      hepatitis (CAH) with or without cirrhosis (CI).

PMID- 3713455
TI  - Imputability in the case of negligence by a physician in Austria.

PMID- 3713456
TI  - Who shall live, who shall die. Who decides?

PMID- 3713457
TI  - Surrogate motherhood. The legal climate for the physician.

PMID- 3713458
TI  - Justification of active euthanasia.

PMID- 3713459
TI  - Sperm donation.

PMID- 3713460
TI  - Role of blood cholesterol in atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease.

PMID- 3713462
TI  - Leading a department of medicine in the 1980s.

PMID- 3713461
TI  - The ideal chart.

PMID- 3713463
TI  - Distal pancreatectomy with splenic preservation: a blunt trauma patient report.

PMID- 3713464
TI  - [Change in cellular pH in hyperthermia and hypoxia].
AB  - Change of pH of cultivated cells (Chinese hamster fibroblasts and pig embryonic
      kidney cells) was studied during their incubation under oxygenation conditions
      and at different temperatures using microfluorimetry with fluorescein diacetate.
      It was shown that pHc was 7.0 at temperatures 22-37 degrees C. Hyperthermia and
      hypoxia resulted in cell acidity. The effect was enhanced with an increase in the
      period of exposure to both agents. Intracellular pH more acid values were noted
      in the effect of hyperthermia in the presence of hypoxia or exogenous pH acid
      values. The authors made a conclusion of the importance of a degree of acidity of
      the intracellular medium for the survival of cells irradiated under hyperthermia
      conditions.

PMID- 3713465
TI  - [X-ray endoscopic control of the results of radiation and surgical treatment of
      colonic cancer].
AB  - The results of the follow-up of 106 colon cancer patients has shown a high
      efficacy of x-ray endoscopy in specified diagnosis of a site and spread of a
      malignant process necessary for planning and evaluation of the results of
      radiotherapy and surgical treatment of this disease.

PMID- 3713466
TI  - [Preoperative 2-stage UHF-hyperthermia in combination with single-stage
      irradiation in breast cancer].
AB  - The authors described a method of two-stage UHF-hyperthermia combined with single
      irradiation of the breast prior to operation. At the 1st stage the temperature
      was 39 degrees C, duration of exposure 30 min directly before irradiation,
      irradiation at a dose of 13 Gy. The 2nd stage followed 2 h after irradiation, the
      temperature was 42 degrees C, duration 90 min. The above therapy did not
      deteriorate the conditions of surgical intervention, nor did it complicate a
      postoperative course. Local and general reactions were of transient nature. No
      recurrences were noted after 1 year of follow-up. A study of tumor pathomorphosis
      showed injuries of I degree in 30.8%, II degree in 46.2%, III degree in 5.6%, in
      single irradiation in 18, 8.4 and 2.8%, respectively.

PMID- 3713467
TI  - [Scintigraphy of the bone marrow with 111In-citrin in polycythemia vera].
AB  - Scintigraphy of the bone marrow with 111In-citrin was performed in 32 patients
      with polycythemia vera and 8 controls. The method ensured an objective assessment
      of bone marrow function in patients with polycythemia vera. A characteristic RP
      scintigraphic picture corresponded to different clinical stages of the disease. A
      degree of a decrease in the blood radioactivity within 24 h after i. v.
      administration of 111In-citrin reflected the summary erythropoietic activity of
      the bone marrow and could serve as a differential diagnostic criterion in
      determining a stage of polycythemia vera.

PMID- 3713468
TI  - [Precancerous lesions of the mouth mucosa in workers exposed to ionizing
      radiation].
AB  - Oral cavity tissues were examined in 398 persons aged 20 to 60 working with
      ionizing radiation sources (gamma-defectoscopists, x-ray technicians and
      radiologists). 222 persons worked with ionizing radiation for 1-10 yrs, 176 for
      11-25 yrs. They were compared with 203 controls who had not been subjected to
      occupational irradiation. In all the cases radiation exposure doses did not
      exceed maximum permissible levels. Stomatological examination of the study group
      revealed a high prevalence of precancerous changes of the oral mucosa in men
      only. They were usually manifested in disturbance of keratinization of
      leukoplakia type. Tobacco smoking can play a certain role in the development of
      such changes of the oral mucosa in persons subjected to chronic radiation
      exposure. A further study of the stomatological status in persons of the above
      occupational group was found necessary.

PMID- 3713469
TI  - [Study of animals with transplanted tumors].
AB  - A formula of temperature homeostasis of the body during inoculated tumor
      development was described. The basic data were temperature parameters of tumor S
      45 inoculated to 180 rats subcutaneously and intramuscularly. Thermography was
      used as a method of investigation. An analysis of the results obtained led to a
      conclusion of a principal difference in the nature of heat processes in the body
      with tumors at different depths. In addition to it, the heat status of a tumor
      reflected the state of the vascular system making it possible to assess a
      necessary degree and nature of therapeutic exposure. Taking into account two
      periods of a heat status of the body one could choose the most effective
      therapeutic method during tumor development. The above material formed the basis
      for producing a heat model of tumor in order to improve methods of cancer
      diagnosis and therapy.

PMID- 3713470
TI  - [Computed tomography of the normal male and female lesser pelvis].
AB  - The paper is concerned with an analysis of transverse slices of male and female
      small pelvis in CT-images. A high CT resolution in the characteristics of topical
      interrelationships of the pelvic organs was shown. A variability of the
      interrelationships of the pelvic organs with respect to their condition and the
      value of this factor for correct interpretation of tomograms were shown. A
      thorough preparation of patients for examination of the pelvic organs is very
      important for establishing diagnosis, topical characteristics and determination
      of a degree of dissemination of a pathological process.

PMID- 3713471
TI  - [Activation analysis with reactor and 14 MeV neutrons in an experimental study of
      oxoplatinum].
AB  - The authors described a procedure of the instrumental neutron activation analysis
      of biomedical material on reactor and 14 MeV neutrons for determination of the
      platinum, silicon, chlorine, phosphorus, sodium and zinc content using the
      anticompton system of detection together with a programmed analyser and an
      automatic sample changer. The procedure was tested on rat small intestinal
      samples within the interval of 10 min-30 days after a single i. v. administration
      of oxoplatinum (15 mg per 1 kg of the animal body mass). Platinum redistribution
      with relative concentration maximum on the 15th day was noted. Changes in the
      phosphorus, chlorine, sodium and silicon content within the interval of 3-30 days
      were suggestive of a possible toxic effect of oxoplatinum metabolites during this
      period. In a clinical application of oxoplatinum one should take into account a
      possible toxic effect of metabolites in a long-term period after repeated
      administration of the agent.

PMID- 3713472
TI  - [Potentialities of spinal cerebrospinal fluid scanography].

PMID- 3713473
TI  - [Experimental and clinical oncologic radiology in the Federal Republic of Germany
      (based on results of a visit by a group of Soviet specialists)].

PMID- 3713474
TI  - [Use of fluphenazine decanoate in psychiatric therapy. Multicenter study in 1095
      patients preselected for long-acting neuroleptic treatment].

PMID- 3713475
TI  - [Brotizolam: polysomnographic study in healthy subjects].

PMID- 3713476
TI  - [Violence of the sacred savage].

PMID- 3713477
TI  - [Psychological interpretation of the depression of old age].

PMID- 3713478
TI  - [Psychodynamic hypotheses in post-adolescent psychogenic amenorrhea].

PMID- 3713479
TI  - [Psychological problems in patients with hypertrophy of the breasts].

PMID- 3713480
TI  - [Jung and gnosticism. Brief notes].

PMID- 3713481
TI  - [Hypnotic imagination: suggestion and creativity].

PMID- 3713482
TI  - [Contribution to the understanding of drug addiction using the Rorschach test].

PMID- 3713484
TI  - [Group experience in a psychiatric day hospital].

PMID- 3713483
TI  - [Experience and opinions of primary care physicians on the psychiatric service.
      Relation to case identification and response modality].

PMID- 3713485
TI  - Spin-lattice relaxation (T1) times of cerebral white matter in multiple
      sclerosis.
AB  - Magnetic resonance imaging was used to evaluate the cerebral white matter of
      three subject groups: (1) 22 patients with known multiple sclerosis (MS) (11 with
      disease of shorter duration (0-5 years) and 11 with disease of longer duration
      (greater than 5 years]; (2) 9 patients with suspected MS; and (3) 12 normal
      volunteers. Transverse spin-echo (SE) 30/500 and 120/1000 radiofrequency pulse
      sequences were used for anatomic localization and plaque identification,
      respectively, while combined spin echo-inversion recovery was used for T1
      determination. T1 values were calculated for grossly normal cerebral white matter
      in the frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes of normal volunteers and MS
      patients, and for plaques in MS patients. When compared with normals, the T1
      values of plaque-free areas from definite MS patients (shorter and longer
      duration disease groups combined) were significantly longer in the frontal lobe
      (MS = 374 +/- 34 ms, Normal = 352 +/- 39 ms, P less than 0.05) and in the
      occipital lobe (MS = 414 +/- 37, Normal = 378 +/- 40, P less than 0.02). Although
      the T1 values of the shorter duration MS group were longer than those of normals,
      the difference was not statistically significant. Thus, the significant
      difference between the definite MS group (both shorter and longer duration) is
      more heavily weighted by the longer duration MS group. T1 values in patients with
      suspected MS without plaques were not significantly different from those of
      normals. In diagnosed MS patients, T1 values of plaques were significantly longer
      than T1 values of corresponding normal areas (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3713486
TI  - The cryoprotective effects of dimethyl sulfoxide on human bone marrow as studied
      by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
AB  - 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been used to study freshly
      aspirated normal human bone marrow samples. The pH within the intact cells of the
      samples was determined from the chemical-shift position of the resonance for
      inorganic phosphate within the cell; the intracellular pH was found to be 7.35
      for fresh bone marrow. The chemical-shift positions of the alpha and beta
      phosphate resonances of adenosine 5'-triphosphate were used to assess the
      fraction of this metabolite complexed with Mg2+. It was found that 84% of the
      total intracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate was in the Mg2+-complexed form. The
      concentration of Mg2+ uncomplexed to any ligand was 0.4 mM. The areas of the
      resonances for the major phosphorus-containing metabolites were used to determine
      intracellular concentrations. For fresh human bone marrow, the intracellular
      concentrations determined were phosphate monoesters less than 0.3 mM, 2,3
      diphosphoglycerate 3.9 +/- 1.0 mM, inorganic phosphate 1.2 +/- 0.6 mM,
      phosphodiesters 2.8 +/- 1.0 mM, adenosine 5'-triphosphate 1.6 +/- 0.4 mM,
      adenosine 5-diphosphate less than 0.2 mM, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
      less than 0.2 mM. These metabolite concentrations within the intact cell samples
      did not change over 2.0 h and changed only gradually over a 24-h period. 31P
      nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was then used to study the
      cryopreservation of normal human bone marrow in the presence of increasing
      concentrations of the penetrating cryopreservative dimethyl sulfoxide. Dimethyl
      sulfoxide alone without freezing was found to cause some gradual hydrolysis of
      2,3-diphosphoglycerate, presumably by stimulating diphosphoglycerate phosphatase.
      The effect of freezing human bone marrow to liquid nitrogen temperatures,
      storage, and rapid thawing was a dramatic fall in intracellular adenosine 5'
      triphosphate levels. The half-life of the metabolite, after thawing, was about
      0.3 h. If the bone marrow was frozen in the presence of 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5%
      dimethyl sulfoxide, the post-thaw half-life was prolonged to 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6 h,
      respectively. 15% dimethyl sulfoxide afforded complete cryoprotection, with
      adenosine 5'-triphosphate levels constant for 15 h after thawing the human bone
      marrow.

PMID- 3713487
TI  - Ferromagnetic contrast agents: a new approach.
AB  - Most contrast agents used in NMR imaging studies to date have been paramagnetic.
      However, it is also possible to obtain selective contrast with a ferromagnetic
      agent, and these agents are potentially more sensitive than paramagnetic
      compounds because of their large magnetic moments. The water relaxation ability
      of ferromagnetic, albumin-coated magnetite (Fe3O4) particles has been
      investigated. These particles are quite effective at reducing both T1 and T2 at
      relatively low particle concentrations. The potential applications of these
      particles include improved visualization of the liver, gastrointestinal tract,
      and genitourinary tract, as well as specific targeting and detection of small
      tumors or other cells with unique surface receptors.

PMID- 3713488
TI  - Projective MRI angiography and quantitative flow-volume densitometry.
AB  - Projective MR images of vascular anatomy and flow are performed at 0.14 T by
      using phase contrast to suppress the signal contribution of the stationary
      background. The source of the contrast is the distinctive phase evolution of
      moving protons under the influence of the read-out gradient of a conventional two
      dimensional Fourier transform (2D FT) spin-echo pulse sequence. By using short
      echo times, small phase shifts may be obtained. When phase shifts are less than
      about 45 degrees, the phase contrast assumes a simple and useful form. The flow
      image intensity at any pixel becomes proportional to the net flux or flow volume
      of protons which cross the corresponding voxel. This proportionality is
      demonstrated in images of flow phantoms as is the reproducibility of measured
      flow volume under a variety of transformations of imaging conditions and of the
      subject. Projective images gated in vivo produce angiographic views of arteries
      and veins, in systole and diastole, in the neck of a dog and in the lower
      extremities of a human subject.

PMID- 3713489
TI  - Localization of phosphorus metabolites and sodium ions in the rat kidney.
AB  - Relative amounts of phosphorus-containing metabolites and sodium ions present in
      different regions of the in vivo rat kidney were obtained using a surface-coil
      probe and recently developed NMR rotating-frame methods. During altered
      physiologic states, changes in distribution of metabolites and sodium ions within
      the kidney were identified in one-dimensional metabolite maps. This technique may
      have important applications to disorders commonly found in clinical medicine.

PMID- 3713490
TI  - In vivo evaluation of intracellular pH and high-energy phosphate metabolites
      during regional myocardial ischemia in cats using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance.
AB  - Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P NMR) was used to
      assess the temporal changes of high-energy phosphate metabolites in the region of
      acute myocardial ischemia of open-chest cats. Eight anesthetized cats were
      studied following ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery.
      Creatine phosphate showed a 79 +/- 16% (mean +/- SD) reduction by 4 min after the
      onset of ischemia. Prominent qualitative reductions of the spectral peak of
      creatine phosphate occurred by 40 s after ischemia. Adenosine triphosphate
      measured under the beta spectral peak (beta-ATP) decreased 37 +/- 9% by 20-25 min
      after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. These reductions
      developed more slowly and were of smaller magnitude than those of creatine
      phosphate. Intracellular pH decreased from 7.39 +/- 0.07 to 7.13 +/- 0.09 units
      by 40 s after ischemia. By 30 min, pH decreased to 6.07 +/- 0.40 units. The study
      shows, therefore, the temporal changes of high-energy phosphate metabolites
      during ischemia in localized regions of the myocardium of open-chest animals.

PMID- 3713491
TI  - Application of anatomically shaped surface coils in MRI at 0.5 T.
AB  - The construction and application of eight different MRI surface coils is
      described. The coils consist of an anatomically shaped copper wire loop as an
      antenna and a printed circuit board containing electronic components for tuning
      and matching. The electronic device for tuning and matching is interchangeable
      between the various coils. Surface coils for signal detection yield images with
      high signal-to-noise ratio in comparison to the usual saddle-shaped head or body
      coils. The sensitivity of a surface coil decreases with increasing distance
      between the coil and the object of interest and therefore the coils are
      constructed to fit the anatomical structure under examination as well as
      possible. The application of dedicated surface coils for superficial structures
      in the body extends the possibilities of the MRI system. Photographs of the coils
      positioned on the body and MR images of volunteers and patients are shown.

PMID- 3713492
TI  - Water suppression in 1H magnetic resonance images by the generation of multiple
      quantum coherence.
AB  - Pulse sequences which generate multiple- and zero-quantum coherence and suppress
      the detection of single-quantum coherence have ben used to greatly reduce the
      intensity of the water signal in NMR images. In the experiment, image signals
      having multiple-quantum behavior add constructively while single-quantum signals,
      such as the signal arising from water, are canceled. Since the generation of
      multiple-quantum coherence is only a function of spin-spin coupling, water
      suppression by this technique is independent of chemical shift. Consequently,
      suppression of the water resonance in a 1H NMR image can be accomplished in an
      inhomogeneous magnetic field provided that the excitation profile of the rf
      pulses is equal for all spins. Furthermore, variations in the T1 and T2 of
      coupled and uncoupled spins do not affect the efficiency of the multiple-quantum
      filter.

PMID- 3713494
TI  - Multiple field strength in vivo T1 and T2 for cerebrospinal fluid protons.
AB  - To estimate the feasibility of measuring in vivo CSF protein, oxygen, or other
      solutes through their effect on proton relaxation times, the T1 and T2 of CSF
      protons has been measured within the human lateral ventricles. T1 was measured at
      6.25, 25.4, and 60.1 MHz with a two-point method. T2 was measured at 6.25 and
      25.4 MHz using the CPMG sequence to acquire 8 echo images. The T1 was 4.3 s with
      no evidence of field dependence. The T2 was 2 s. Although these values approach
      those for water at the same temperature it is possible that the T1 is influenced
      by the normal oxygen concentration. Calculations based on the relaxivity of
      dissolved protein indicate that the use of these methods for the detection of
      elevated levels of CSF protein would be less sensitive than existing methods.

PMID- 3713493
TI  - A method for in vivo MR imaging of the short T2 component of sodium-23.
AB  - A magnetic resonance imaging pulse sequence featuring a short echo time of 3.6 ms
      is described and used clinically for in vivo imaging of sodium-23 in the human
      head. In living tissues, sodium exhibits at least two transverse relaxation
      constants, namely, (a) a short component T2s = 0.7-3.0 ms and (b) a long
      component T2e = 16-30 ms. Since our first in vivo imaging of sodium, an echo time
      of 10-15 ms has been used by us and by other investigators. This echo time is
      adequate for the observation of the long T2 component of sodium. However, a
      substantial fraction of the sodium, namely, the short T2 component, representing
      about 40%, has remained undetected by the imaging method with this echo time and
      is now observable by the new pulse sequence. The proposed method is a hybrid
      technique combining both projection reconstruction and Fourier encoding schemes.
      The projection reconstruction is used for the xy plane imaging while the Fourier
      encoding is used for slice separation. Sodium MR images of the human head
      produced with a short and a long TE are presented and analyzed. There is an
      increase in the MR signal and improved visibility of intraparenchymal sodium with
      the new scheme of short TE.

PMID- 3713495
TI  - Rapid average-flow velocity measurement by NMR.
AB  - We describe an NMR method to make a quick determination of average fluid velocity
      by monitoring the change in phase of the magnetization during a transient signal.
      We give an example utilizing the second Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill echo in which
      we measured the velocity of water up to 54 cm/s where each velocity was
      determined by data taken over 2.5 ms.

PMID- 3713496
TI  - Rapid NMR imaging of dynamic processes using the FLASH technique.
AB  - FLASH (Fast Low-Angle SHot) imaging is a new method for rapid NMR imaging which
      has been demonstrated to provide abdominal images without artifacts due to
      respiratory or peristaltic motions. The sequence typically employs 15 degrees
      radiofrequency excitation pulses and acquires a free induction decay signal in
      the form of a gradient echo. Here FLASH images are recorded in the presence of
      dynamic processes with time constants even smaller than the measuring time of
      about 2 s for an image with a 128 X 128-pixel resolution. Experiments are carried
      out on flow phantoms and on rabbits yielding heart images without gating of the
      cardiac motion.

PMID- 3713498
TI  - Quantification of pulsatile flow in MRI by an analysis of T2 changes in ECG-gated
      multiecho experiments.
AB  - The transport of magnetization by fluid flow through thin slices in MRI causes
      changes in the measured T2 relaxation time. This effect is used to compute
      velocity values at several different times relative to the cardiac cycle using
      data in ECG-gated multiecho experiments which last a few minutes.

PMID- 3713497
TI  - Ferromagnetic particles as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging of
      liver and spleen.
AB  - Particles of magnetite, Fe3O4, accumulate preferentially in the liver and spleen
      after intravenous injection. Their magnetic fields drastically decrease echo
      intensities in spin-echo proton magnetic resonance imaging sequences, as
      demonstrated by experiments on dogs injected with 10 mg/kg of 0.05-micron
      particles.

PMID- 3713499
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies labeled with polymeric paramagnetic ion chelates.
AB  - Polymeric paramagnetic ion chelate molecules were synthesized and covalently
      linked to monoclonal antibodies. The labeled antibodies retained their antigen
      binding capacity in vitro while carrying up to an average of 50 paramagnetic ion
      chelates, enabling specifically bound antibody concentrations less than 2.0
      microM to significantly reduce proton longitudinal relaxation times.

PMID- 3713500
TI  - A single acquisition localization technique.
AB  - A method is demonstrated for detection of magnetization from a selected region
      within the sensitive volume of a surface coil in a single acquisition. Composite
      pulses are described which eliminate signals from regions where magnetization is
      rotated 270 and 450 degrees. There is a loss of 1.3% or less of signal from
      regions where magnetization is rotated 90 degrees.

PMID- 3713501
TI  - Transmission line matching of surface coils.
AB  - Tuning of surface coils is often difficult to accomplish in vivo since the exact
      coil loading is impossible to predict in advance. This technical difficulty was
      obviated through use of a transmission line matching scheme. This technique has
      been successfully used at a variety of frequencies for imaging and spectroscopy.

PMID- 3713502
TI  - A new method for flow velocity measurement: frequency encoded NMR.
AB  - We demonstrate a new rapid NMR method to measure the average velocity and the
      velocity distribution of a flowing fluid. We use a truncated Carr-Purcel-Meiboom
      Gill pulse sequence, pi/2-T-pi-2T-pi-T-echo, in the presence of a static magnetic
      field gradient. The pi/2 pulse is selective and tags a narrow slice of nuclei.
      The second echo from the tagged nuclei is Fourier transformed after the nuclei
      have evolved for a time 4T to give the velocity distribution modified by the
      initial slice selection profile. In this way, average velocities up to 54 cm/s
      were measured for water flowing in a plastic tube with either a plug or a
      developed velocity distribution. Each measurement required about 20 ms but this
      could be reduced with larger field gradients. Thus, this method is fast enough to
      apply to such problems as measuring pulsatile flow in arteries.

PMID- 3713503
TI  - Frequency and the lexical storage of regularly inflected forms.

PMID- 3713504
TI  - Decisions about the axes of disoriented shapes.

PMID- 3713505
TI  - Processing category terms in context: instantiations as inferences.

PMID- 3713506
TI  - Shared and item-specific information in memory for event descriptions.

PMID- 3713507
TI  - Part-whole relationships in the processing of small visual patterns.

PMID- 3713508
TI  - Answering yes-no questions about causes: question acts and question categories.

PMID- 3713509
TI  - The role of elaborations in learning a skill from an instructional text.

PMID- 3713510
TI  - Predicting which words get recalled: measures of free recall, availability,
      goodness, emotionality, and pronunciability for 925 nouns.

PMID- 3713511
TI  - Thyrotoxic myopathy in mice: accentuation by a creatine transport inhibitor.
AB  - To demonstrate the importance of creatine and phosphocreatine in skeletal muscle
      during periods of metabolic stress, thyrotoxicosis was induced in mice fed the
      creatine transport inhibitor, beta-guanidinopropionic acid (beta-GPA). Adding 2%
      of beta-GPA to the diet of normal mice inhibited weight gain and caused a 75%
      reduction of creatine and phosphocreatine concentrations in skeletal muscle.
      Addition of 0.25% or 2% of thyroid powder to the diet of normal mice was
      associated with hyperactivity, cardiomegaly, and a high mortality rate.
      Superimposing thyrotoxicosis on mice already depleted of creatine and
      phosphocreatine resulted in degeneration of muscle fibers. These results indicate
      that high concentrations of creatine and phosphocreatine are essential for the
      maintenance of muscle integrity during periods of metabolic stress.

PMID- 3713512
TI  - Free fatty acid metabolism and obesity in man: in vivo in vitro comparisons.
AB  - We have examined the relationship of free fatty acid (FFA) turnover and lipid
      oxidation rates in vivo to the size of body triglyceride stores and compared
      these findings with the in vitro lipolytic rates of isolated abdominal fat cells.
      The studies were performed in 20 Pima Indian women 18 to 35 years of age, both
      lean and obese. FFA turnover rate was measured using a 1-14C-palmitate infusion,
      lipid oxidation rate by indirect calorimetry using a ventilated hood, body
      composition by underwater weighing with correction for residual lung volume, and
      fat cell lipolytic rates in vitro by published methods. Both FFA turnover and
      lipid oxidation rates, expressed per kg of body fat, decreased with increasing
      degree of obesity (as measured by percent body fat) (r = -0.90, and r = -0.75, P
      less than or equal to 0.0001, respectively). In contrast, the rate of lipolysis
      determined in vitro, expressed per kg of fat, increased with increasing degree of
      obesity (r = 0.58, P less than 0.01). A ratio of FFA turnover/lipolysis, which
      directly compares these in vivo and in vitro measurements, decreased
      significantly with increases in the degree of obesity (r = -0.81, P less than or
      equal to 0.0001). Furthermore, there were no positive correlations between the
      measures of in vivo FFA metabolism and in vitro lipolysis when both were
      expressed per fat mass, per fat cell number, or per fat cell surface area. The in
      vivo data also demonstrated that lipid oxidation could only account for 50% of
      the FFA disappearance rate. While lipid oxidation rate adjusted to the metabolic
      size increased with increasing plasma FFA concentration (r = 0.75, P less than
      0.0003), the nonoxidative component of the FFA turnover failed to increase with
      increases in plasma FFA concentration (P = 0.5). We conclude that FFA is not
      available in vivo in proportion to the size of the triglyceride stores. The
      reason for this is not due to an inability of fat cells to release their stored
      triglyceride as assessed in vitro. Hence, in vitro measurements of fat cell
      lipolysis cannot be used to directly predict in vivo FFA metabolism. The large
      nonoxidative FFA disposal is likely to be important in the regulation of plasma
      FFA concentrations.

PMID- 3713513
TI  - Effects of diets high in simple sugars on urinary chromium losses.
AB  - Thirty-seven subjects, 19 men and 18 women, consumed reference diets for 12 weeks
      formulated by nutritionists to contain optimal levels of protein, fat,
      carbohydrate, and other nutrients; the following 6 weeks, subjects consumed high
      sugar diets. The reference diets contained 35% of total calories from complex
      carbohydrates and 15% from simple sugars while the high sugar diets contained 15%
      complex carbohydrates and 35% simple sugars. Chromium contents of the reference
      and high sugar diets were both approximately 16 micrograms per 1000 calories.
      Compared to the reference diets, consumption of the high sugar diets increased
      urinary Cr losses from 10% to 300% for 27 of 37 subjects. Urinary Cr excretion of
      males and females was similar, and there was no significant difference in Cr
      absorption (calculated from urinary excretion divided by intake times 100)
      between sexes when adjusted for the increased caloric intake of males. These data
      demonstrate that consumption of diets high in simple sugars stimulates Cr losses;
      this coupled with marginal intake of dietary Cr may lead to marginal Cr
      deficiency, which is associated with impaired glucose and lipid metabolism.

PMID- 3713514
TI  - Endogenous pancreatic polypeptide in different vascular beds: relationship to
      release and degradation in subjects with normal and decreased kidney function.
AB  - The plasma concentration of pancreatic polypeptide (PP-like immunoreactivity) was
      measured in different vascular beds in order to determine regional kinetics of
      endogenous PP in fasting, supine subjects with normal or moderately decreased
      kidney function. Patients with kidney disease (n = 10) had a significantly higher
      level of circulating PP than controls (n = 10): median PP = 52 (range 21 to 352)
      v 20 (6 to 143) pmol/L, respectively (P less than 0.02). Circulating PP was
      inversely correlated to 51Cr-EDTA plasma clearance (r = -0.57, P less than 0.02,
      n = 14) and directly correlated to serum creatinine concentration (r = 0.70, P
      less than 0.01). Hepatic venous PP was significantly higher than systemic PP in
      both controls and patients with kidney disease (P less than 0.001, n = 15). The
      values were positively correlated (r = 0.98, P less than 0.001; slope = 1.37 +/-
      0.05, P less than 0.001), indicating a progressively increasing rate of PP
      secretion in subjects with raised circulating PP. No statistically significant
      difference could be detected between systemic and renal venous PP or across the
      lung, left adrenal gland, or lower limb. Assuming steady state between secretion
      and biodegradation, the metabolic clearance rate of the peptide was estimated to
      be approximately 600 to 800 mL/min in controls and slightly below this value in
      patients with nephropathy. These results suggest that the raised circulating PP
      found in patients with decreased kidney function is due to both increased
      secretion and decreased degradation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3713515
TI  - Short-term effects of fluoride and strontium on bone formation and resorption in
      the mouse.
AB  - The early effects of sodium fluoride (0.80 mg/kg/d) and strontium chloride
      (0.27%) given alone, or in combination in drinking water, on bone metabolism were
      examined in the mouse using dynamic histomorphometric methods. Four weeks of oral
      strontium supplementation increased the osteoid surface and reduced the number of
      acid phosphatase-stained osteoclasts. However the trabecular calcified bone
      volume was not augmented. By contrast, short-term treatment with fluoride
      produced a rapid stimulatory effect on bone formation at a dose that did not
      affect the bone mineralization rate. Four weeks of fluoride supplementation
      induced a rapid 21.1% increase in the osteoblastic surface and a 26.3%
      stimulation of the bone matrix apposition rate evaluated by the double tritiated
      proline labelling method, which resulted in a 29% increase in the amount of
      osteoid. This rapid stimulation of the bone formation rate without detectable
      change in osteoclastic bone resorption led to a 12% increase in the trabecular
      calcified bone density. This study shows that fluoride and strontium produce
      distinct early effects on bone formation and resorption in the mouse and that
      fluoride exerts a rapid stimulatory effect on the bone matrix synthesis rate
      through an augmentation of the number of bone-forming cells.

PMID- 3713516
TI  - Irradiated lymphocytes do not adoptively transfer diabetes or prevent spontaneous
      disease in the BB/W rat.
AB  - Diabetes in the BB/W rat is autoimmune in origin, and lymphocytes from acutely
      diabetic animals activated by concanavalin A (con A) induce the disease in
      adoptive recipients. We report that irradiation of these cells prevents adoptive
      transfer of diabetes. Through 60 days of age, diabetes occurred in none of 47
      BB/W rats given irradiated con A cells, but in 21 of 36 (58%) given nonirradiated
      cells. Between 60 and 130 days of age, however, spontaneous diabetes occurred in
      18 of 34 untreated control rats (53%) and 16 of 32 rats (50%) given two
      injections of irradiated con A activated spleen cells. We conclude that
      irradiation prevents adoptive transfer of BB/W rat diabetes and that irradiated
      con A activated lymphocytes from acutely diabetic rats do not protect against
      spontaneous disease in susceptible recipients.

PMID- 3713517
TI  - Pharmacologic action of L-carnitine on hypertriglyceridemia in obese Zucker rats.
AB  - Administration of pharmacologic amounts of L-carnitine was studied in the
      hypertriglyceridemic Zucker rat. When administered subcutaneously, doses from 250
      to 2,000 mg/kg/d significantly decreased plasma triglycerides in obese rats over
      eight to 12 weeks, with no effect on plasma triglycerides in lean rats. Oral
      doses at the same high levels were not effective in decreasing plasma
      triglycerides. Triglyceride secretion rate was reduced from 367 micrograms/min to
      168 micrograms/min in treated obese rats. Concurrently, liver lipid was increased
      twofold in obese treated rats, and the livers of these rats showed significant
      fatty infiltration. The mechanism of action of carnitine in decreasing plasma
      triglycerides appeared to be via decreased secretion of triglycerides by the
      liver of obese rats. There was no effect of L-carnitine in lean or obese rats on
      the following variables: carnitine palmitoyltransferase-A kinetics or malonyl CoA
      inhibition, mitochondrial or peroxisomal oxidative capacity, lipoprotein lipase
      in heart, muscle, and adipose, or fecal lipids. The effect of pharmacologic L
      carnitine thus appears to be an inhibition of triglyceride synthesis and/or
      secretion by the liver.

PMID- 3713518
TI  - In vivo total body electrical conductivity following perturbations of body fluid
      compartments in rats.
AB  - Total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) provides a rapid and safe noninvasive
      technique for the assessment of total body water in animals and man. An
      instrument employing this principle has been shown to measure body water in
      healthy Sprague-Dawley rats. With the exception of adult obesity in humans,
      alterations in body fluid compartments that could theoretically affect the
      utility of conductivity measurements have not been studied. We, therefore,
      applied the total body electrical conductivity measurement in rats following
      perturbations of body fluid/electrolyte spaces including obesity, furosemide
      diuresis, severe burn, and low protein diet. Our findings confirm that total body
      water can be accurately measured by TOBEC in conditions of abnormal body fluid
      distribution. However, when the ratio of intracellular to extracellular fluid is
      significantly reduced, such as the severe burn or low protein intake, TOBEC does
      not reflect the intracellular (potassium) space but does predict total water and
      extracellular (sodium) space.

PMID- 3713519
TI  - Hormone action. Part J: Neuroendocrine peptides.

PMID- 3713520
TI  - Use of intracellular calcium and membrane potential fluorescent indicators in
      neuroendocrine cells.

PMID- 3713521
TI  - The design and synthesis of detergents for membrane biochemistry.

PMID- 3713522
TI  - Temperature measurement and control of small volumes: applications for single
      channel recording.

PMID- 3713523
TI  - Techniques for studying the role of electrical activity in control of secretion
      by normal anterior pituitary cells.

PMID- 3713524
TI  - Computationally directed biorational drug design of peptides.

PMID- 3713525
TI  - Assay and purification of protein kinase C.

PMID- 3713527
TI  - Microbore HPLC of biogenic amines in small biological samples.

PMID- 3713526
TI  - A tissue culture model for the study of peptide synthesis and secretion from
      microdissected hypothalamic explants.
AB  - Using established tissue culture methodology, a protocol has been developed for
      the culture of specific hypothalamic regions. A microdissection technique is used
      to remove the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclear regions from fresh tissue.
      These explants are maintained in culture and appear to be viable on the basis of
      several criteria: the continuing presence of peptides in both tissue and media,
      the ability to incorporate a labeled amino acid precursor into proteins and
      peptides, the histological appearance using phase contrast microscopy, and the
      immunocytochemical identification of peptide neurons. This tissue culture model
      may prove useful in the study of neuroendocrine mechanisms in specific brain
      regions.

PMID- 3713528
TI  - Measurement of neuroendocrine peptide mRNA in discrete brain regions.

PMID- 3713529
TI  - Methods for estimating the contribution of proenkephalin A and proenkephalin B
      input to neuronal areas.
AB  - Final expression of the proenkephalin A and proenkephalin B (prodynorphin) gene
      should yield a fixed ratio of enkephalin-like peptides depending on their
      precursor origin. If a tissue contained peptides only from proenkephalin A this
      ratio would be 4/1/1/1 (Met-Enk/Leu-Enk/Met-Enk-Arg6-Phe7/Met-Enk-Arg6-Gly7
      Leu8). On the other hand, if the tissue-derived opiates were from prodynorphin,
      only Leu-enkephalin should be found. The techniques described here combining
      oxidation of the Met-Enk species, reverse-phase HPLC, and measurement with a
      radioimmunoassay which recognized many of the opiate-like peptides have been
      found useful for determining the precursor origin of enkephalins within different
      biological sources.

PMID- 3713530
TI  - Biomembranes. Part M. Transport in bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts:
      general approaches and transport systems.

PMID- 3713531
TI  - Voltammetric measurements of quinones.

PMID- 3713532
TI  - Determination of partition coefficients of quinones by high-performance liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 3713533
TI  - Membrane transport in rickettsiae.

PMID- 3713534
TI  - Transport in mycoplasmas.

PMID- 3713535
TI  - Intracellular pH regulation in bacterial cells.

PMID- 3713536
TI  - Lipid enrichment and fusion of mitochondrial inner membranes.

PMID- 3713537
TI  - Regulation of internal pH in acidophilic and alkalophilic bacteria.

PMID- 3713538
TI  - Changes of surface and membrane potentials in biomembranes.

PMID- 3713539
TI  - Sodium translocation by NADH oxidase of Vibrio alginolyticus: isolation and
      characterization of the sodium pump-defective mutants.

PMID- 3713540
TI  - Rate of redox reactions related to surface potential and other surface-related
      parameters in biological membranes.

PMID- 3713541
TI  - Sodium-driven flagellar motors of alkalophilic Bacillus.

PMID- 3713542
TI  - Intracellular killing of Brucella melitensis within mouse peritoneal macrophages:
      influence of treatment with rifampicin. An ultrastructural study.
AB  - The aggregation and condensation of ribosomes and the disjunction of the cell
      wall membranous system are the ultrastructural alterations caused by rifampicin
      on B. melitensis cultured in Brucella-Broth medium. Our ultrastructural
      researches carried out on mouse peritoneal macrophages infected with B.
      melitensis and treated with rifampicin (1 microgram/ml) have demonstrated that
      vacuoles containing B. melitensis which had been damaged by the drug fuse with
      lysosomes. On the contrary vacuoles containing undamaged and viable Brucellae
      showed markedly impaired lysosomal fusion.

PMID- 3713544
TI  - Stability of rubella virus after long-term persistence in human cell line.
AB  - Primary infection of HEp-2 cells with rubella virus resulted in non-cytophatic
      long-term persistent infection. During four years of persistence the virus was
      produced in sufficient quantities (up to 6 logs PFU/ml) and did not differ from
      the parental variant in its pathogenicity for BHK-21 or RK-13 cells, or
      hemagglutinating activity, but formed smaller plaques. Persistent virus preserved
      the original antigenicity as judged from reciprocal hemagglutination-inhibition
      or plaque reduction-neutralization tests with polyclonal antisera. Both original
      and persistent rubella viruses were thermoresistant (T 56 degrees C) and slightly
      temperature-sensitive. Clonal analysis revealed presence of ts-mutants among both
      original and persistent virus clones with different degrees of plating efficiency
      at 40 degrees/34 degrees C. RNA fingerprinting showed only minor changes in
      persistent rubella virus.

PMID- 3713543
TI  - Chemiluminescence, phagocytosis, chemotaxis and killing activity of human
      leukocytes exposed to Clindamycin.
AB  - We measured the chemiluminescence (CL) of human leukocytes (PMNs) exposed to
      different concentrations of Clindamycin (1; 5; 1 mcg/ml) using a standardized
      luminolamplified reagent-instrument methodology (Auto Picolite 6500 Luminometer
      and ZAP/Picolite Kits, Packard Instruments Co. Drowners Grove, IL. USA). Cells
      obtained from healthy donors were also tested for chemotaxis with Boyden
      chambers, for phagocytosis and for killing activity against Staphylococcus aureus
      by the agar-medium culture plate technique. Clindamycin does not induce
      significant variations of the CL response in whole blood, or changes in
      phagocytosis and killing activity. On the contrary, concentrations of drug
      corresponding to therapeutically obtainable levels significantly increase light
      emission by isolated cells. A concentration effect was seen on leukotaxis, that
      was increased, but not significantly, at 1 and 5 mcg/ml and decreased (P less
      than 0.01) at 10 mcg/ml. CL assay is a simple, sensitive, reproducible technique
      to assess the PMNs functions during antibiotic therapy.

PMID- 3713545
TI  - Protoplast formation and regeneration in Bifidobacterium.
AB  - Conditions for protoplast formation and cell wall regeneration in the genus
      Bifidobacterium are described. The ability to form protoplast in high percentage
      varied according to the species considered. High reversion levels were obtained
      with the species B. bifidum var. pennsylvanicus, B. thermophilum and B. boum.

PMID- 3713546
TI  - Endotoxicity associated with the Lyme disease Borrelia: recent findings.
AB  - The endotoxicity of Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme Disease, a
      tick-borne spirochetosis, was studied using Limulus assay and pyrogen test in
      rabbit. Some suspensions of Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes dammini associated Borrelia
      were able to gelify Limulus lysate and demonstrated a febrile response in rabbit.
      These findings and other recent data demonstrating an endotoxin-like activity of
      the Lyme Disease agent are discussed in the context of the pathogenic mechanisms
      of the illness.

PMID- 3713547
TI  - An electron microscopic study of the effect of clindamycin on adherence of
      Staphylococcus aureus to bone surfaces.
AB  - Discs of rabbit tibia, 5 mm thick, were utilized to study the adherence of
      Staphylococcus aureus to the bone surface in the presence and absence of
      clindamycin. Bacteria were grown in broth media containing the bone slices and
      varying concentrations of clindamycin. In the absence of the antibiotic, S.
      aureus adhered extensively to bone surfaces and formed large microcolonies which
      were surrounded by an amorphous matrix. In the presence of 0.025 micrograms/ml of
      clindamycin (0.1 MIC), S. aureus adhered less to bone surfaces, forming smaller
      and fewer microcolonies. In the presence of 0.0625 micrograms/ml of clindamycin
      (0.25 MIC), S. aureus adhered to the bone surfaces only sparsely, forming small
      microcolonies with very little matrix holding them together, and leaving very
      large areas of the bone surface uncolonized. In the presence of 0.125
      micrograms/ml of clindamycin (0.5 MIC), bone surfaces were basically clean, with
      only one or two cells (no microcolonies) found in crevices and indentations of
      the bone surface. In the presence of 0.25 micrograms/ml (1 MIC) no bacteria
      adhered to the bone surfaces.

PMID- 3713548
TI  - Systematic evaluation of microangiopathy in diabetic Chinese hamsters. I.
      Morphometric analysis of minimal glomerular basement membrane thickness in 11- to
      15- and 19- to 23-month-old Chinese hamsters.
AB  - Renal glomeruli of 11- to 15- and 19- to 23-month-old nondiabetic (M) and
      diabetic (XA and AC) genetic sublines of Chinese hamsters were morphometrically
      analyzed to determine if minimal capillary basement membrane thickening (CBMT) is
      a microvascular complication in this animal model. Minimal glomerular capillary
      basement membrane thickness was significantly elevated in the AC diabetic subline
      (117.2 nm +/- 5.0, P less than 0.004) compared with the M nondiabetic subline
      (99.0 nm +/- 14.0) in the 11- to 15-month age span. However, in the 19- to 23
      month age range, both the XA (140.2 nm +/- 20.0, P less than 0.02) and AC (140.1
      nm +/- 12.4, P less than 0.04) diabetic sublines displayed significantly greater
      glomerular capillary basement membrane thickness in comparison with the M
      nondiabetic subline (119.0 nm +/- 13.4). The greatest influence on CBMT in the
      diabetics was shown to be a combination of the aging process and severity of
      hyperglycemia. This initial systematic morphometric study has demonstrated that
      glomerular CBMT is a characteristic microvascular lesion in 11- to 15-month-old
      diabetic AC and 19- to 23-month-old diabetic XA and AC Chinese hamsters in
      comparison with age-matched nondiabetics. Furthermore, this investigation
      suggests that the Chinese hamster appears to be an acceptable model for the study
      of chronic complications associated with diabetic nephropathy.

PMID- 3713549
TI  - The initial lymphatics as sensors of interstitial fluid volume.
AB  - Lymphatic luminal pressure and interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) were measured
      simultaneously in the bat's wing with two servo-null micropressure systems during
      interstitial fluid volume expansion induced by direct interstitial infusion.
      Lymphatic baseline pressure, pulsatile pressure, and IFP were elevated by the
      interstitial infusion. Transmural pressure gradients occurred only transiently.
      The increased lymphatic pulsatile pressure was not dependent upon the transmural
      pressure gradient but remained elevated as long as the increased interstitial
      fluid volume (IFV) was maintained. The results suggest that lymphatic pumping
      capacity during edema is modulated by IFV rather than IFP and that this mechanism
      may play an important role in the regulation of interstitial hydration. A
      mechanism whereby the initial lymphatics may directly sense and control IFV is
      proposed based upon physiological and anatomical data.

PMID- 3713550
TI  - Rabbit tissue composition: developmental aspects of tissue fluid and fractional
      exclusion of albumin.
AB  - The maturational changes in tissue water spaces and in the fractional exclusion
      of albumin from the interstitial gel were studied in the developing rabbit using
      multiple radioactive tracers. Total tissue water and extracellular water decrease
      with age in all organs studied. Intracellular water decreases in the heart and
      brain, transiently increases in the muscle, and is unchanged in the ileum and
      lung. However, the percentage of extravascular water located in the cell
      increases with age in all organs. Fractional exclusion of albumin is unchanged in
      the muscle and brain, fluctuates in the lung, increases in the ileum, and
      decreases in the heart. Possible mechanisms for regional differences in fluid and
      albumin changes with maturation are discussed. Until the role of the fractional
      exclusion of albumin in the interstitial matrix in the maintenance of tissue
      fluid balance is elucidated, the physiological impact of these developmental
      changes will not be evident.

PMID- 3713551
TI  - The microvasculature in skeletal muscle. II. Arteriolar network anatomy in
      normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - A quantitative comparison of the anatomical arrangement of arterioles in the
      skeletal muscle of mature (16 to 20-week-old) Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and
      spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) is provided. In both species several
      feeding arterioles supply blood to a network of arterioles covering the entire
      muscle, designated as arcade arterioles. The connections from the arcade
      arterioles to the capillary network are provided by the transverse arterioles.
      Comparison of the spinotrapezius muscle of the WKY and the SHR shows several
      types of rearrangement of the network. In both species there is a wide
      distribution of vessel size in the arcade and transverse arterioles. The length
      of the arcade arterioles per unit muscle volume is higher in the SHR, forming a
      denser network. There are almost twice as many transverse arteriolar trees per
      unit tissue volume in hypertensive animals although on the average each
      transverse tree has shorter branches. No evidence for significant anatomical
      rarefaction was found among arcade and transverse arterioles. Arcade arterioles
      following maximal dilation were found to be 25% narrower in the SHR, whereas for
      transverse arterioles no differences in diameter could be detected under these
      vasodilated conditions.

PMID- 3713552
TI  - Comparison between graphic and stereological methods for microvascular density
      measurement in the rabbit ear chamber.

PMID- 3713553
TI  - Venular reactivity in the hamster cheek pouch and cremaster muscle.

PMID- 3713554
TI  - Lymph flow rate is not proportional to microvascular filtration rate.

PMID- 3713555
TI  - Assuring physician competency in Michigan.

PMID- 3713556
TI  - New Board of Medicine chairman discusses priorities.

PMID- 3713558
TI  - Doctors as purveyors of health insurance?

PMID- 3713557
TI  - Administrator appointed to add muscle to Board of Medicine.

PMID- 3713559
TI  - Jointly held property has pluses and minuses.

PMID- 3713560
TI  - Electron microscopic demonstration of connective fibrils between outer sheath and
      wall-membrane complex in Treponema phagedenis.

PMID- 3713561
TI  - Mycobacterium fortuitum subspecies acetamidolyticum, a new subspecies of
      Mycobacterium fortuitum.
AB  - Mycobacterium fortuitum subspecies acetamidolyticum is a new subspecies of M.
      fortuitum and has an intermediate growth rate. It is a nonphotochromogenic
      mycobacterium. It does not utilize glutamate but utilizes acetamide as a
      simultaneous nitrogen and carbon source. It is able to utilize acetate, malate,
      pyruvate, fumarate, glucose, fructose, and n-propanol as the sole sources of
      carbon in the presence of ammoniacal nitrogen, but does not utilize them in the
      presence of glutamate-nitrogen. It is easily differentiated from all rapidly
      growing mycobacteria by its inability to utilize glutamate as a simultaneous
      nitrogen and carbon source, and from all slowly growing mycobacteria by its
      capacity to utilize acetamide as a simultaneous nitrogen and carbon source. Its
      mycolic acid pattern is different from that of M. fortuitum. However, its
      deoxyribonucleic acid showed 94% relatedness with that of M. fortuitum. In view
      of the above findings, it has been designated as a new subspecies of M.
      fortuitum. The organism was isolated from sputum of a 56-year-old patient with
      lung disease and is considered to be a lung pathogen. The type strain is ATCC
      35931 (NCH E11620).

PMID- 3713563
TI  - The pursuit of the parathyroid.

PMID- 3713562
TI  - Glycosides of plants and men.

PMID- 3713564
TI  - Blood lead levels in children in the north-west of Adelaide.
AB  - Capillary blood lead levels were investigated in a sample of 513 children of
      preschool age who were drawn from an industrial working-class region of Adelaide.
      The geometric mean lead level was 16.3 micrograms/dL. Fourteen children (2.7%)
      had a blood lead level of at least 30 micrograms/dL, which is designated by the
      National Health and Medical Research Council as "the level of concern". Boys
      tended to have higher lead levels than did girls, and children who lived closer
      to the inner city generally had higher levels than did those who lived further
      away. Compared with most other Australian findings, the blood lead levels in this
      study tended to be high. We suspect that the age groups that were studied, and
      the industrial urban quality of the region that was included, would have had an
      important bearing on this finding. However, the proportion of children with
      elevated lead levels in this study did not seem high when compared with US data
      for children in a comparable age range.

PMID- 3713565
TI  - Rectal foreign bodies.
AB  - We review the histories of 26 patients who were treated at the Royal Perth
      Hospital for retained rectal foreign bodies. The foreign bodies that were
      retrieved and the age, sex and marital status of each patient are recorded and a
      number of the histories is presented. The complications that arose from either
      the insertion or removal of the foreign body are discussed, as are the methods of
      treatment that were employed. The various methods that the practitioner has at
      his disposal for dealing with this increasing problem are reviewed, and a plan of
      management of patients with non-perforating rectal foreign bodies is suggested.

PMID- 3713566
TI  - Alcohol-related disease in hospital patients.
AB  - Ninety medical records of patients with an alcohol-related diagnosis who were
      admitted to a major city teaching hospital over a 12-month period were reviewed
      to assess the ways in which the problem had been recognized and managed by
      hospital staff members. The overall frequency of an alcohol-related diagnosis of
      1.8% suggested an under-reporting of this medical problem. Those patients who
      were identified were, in general, well managed, but patients with less obvious
      and permanent clinical problems, such as non-dependent abuse of alcohol or acute
      alcoholic intoxication, were more likely to have minimal or no attention directed
      to the drinking problem. Our review suggests that medically trained staff members
      identify significant organ damage readily. It also suggested that more attention
      needs to be directed to the education of medical students and staff members in
      the recognition of the early stages of alcohol dependency and misuse, so that its
      more serious complications might be minimized by effective intervention.

PMID- 3713567
TI  - Giardiasis in Mount Isa, north-west Queensland.
AB  - A random survey of 680 dwellings was undertaken to determine the prevalence and
      mode of transmission of Giardia intestinalis in Mount Isa. Of the population,
      4.5% were shown to have cysts in their stools; the highest prevalence rate of
      12.0% occurred in children aged one to five years. Epidemiological studies
      strongly suggest that the disease, which is endemic in the city, is being
      transmitted by hand-to-mouth contamination; schools, preschools, kindergartens
      and play groups are important foci of transmission. No evidence was found that
      the parasite was being brought into the city from outside, or that people were
      acquiring it from water or domestic pets. Symptoms consistent with giardiasis
      were more commonly present in children than in adults. Approximately two-thirds
      of infected persons were asymptomatic. The diagnosis of giardiasis as based on
      symptoms alone was inadequate, although more likely to be correct in children
      than in adults.

PMID- 3713569
TI  - The role of resident medical officers in the education of medical students.

PMID- 3713568
TI  - Externally rotated leg posture and gait in infants.

PMID- 3713570
TI  - Student electives and the getting of wisdom.

PMID- 3713571
TI  - Syncope: a clue to malignant compression of the glossopharyngeal nerve.
AB  - Three patients who were admitted to hospital because of syncope were found to
      have malignant head and neck tumours. A patient who presented with malignant
      external otitis with syncope and postural hypotension is also described. It is
      postulated that the syncope and postural hypotension result from compressive
      irritation of the glossopharyngeal nerve either in the neck or at the base of the
      skull.

PMID- 3713573
TI  - Relinquishing mothers.

PMID- 3713572
TI  - Adverse reaction to iopamidol.

PMID- 3713574
TI  - Dangerous dunnies and avoidable accidents.

PMID- 3713575
TI  - Ranitidine and hypertension.

PMID- 3713576
TI  - Side-effects of corticosteroid agents.

PMID- 3713577
TI  - Disturbed behaviour in old age.

PMID- 3713578
TI  - Shock lung syndrome.

PMID- 3713579
TI  - Community hospice programme.

PMID- 3713580
TI  - Flucloxacillin-induced haemolytic anaemia.

PMID- 3713581
TI  - Leptospirosis--still here.

PMID- 3713582
TI  - The looming cocaine problem in Australia.

PMID- 3713583
TI  - Causes of death in Australia, 1971-1981.

PMID- 3713584
TI  - A serological survey of leptospirosis in Gippsland dairy farmers.
AB  - Serological testing for leptospirosis was performed on sera from 1074 persons who
      were attending the 1983 Gippsland Field Days. The most common serological
      reactions were against representative serovars from serogroups Hebdomadis (12%),
      Panama (2%), Tarassovi (2%) and Pomona (1%). The reactions against serogroup
      Hebdomadis were attributed to exposure to serovar hardjo; the milking of dairy
      cows was found to be a major risk factor. The high prevalence of seropositive
      results among clinically normal dairy farmers highlights the need for caution in
      interpreting the results of laboratory testing for leptospirosis.

PMID- 3713585
TI  - Leptospirosis in Western Australia, 1983-1984.
AB  - The diagnosis of leptospirosis is often difficult to make because of vague and
      mild symptoms. Patients who present with a "flu-like" illness and who have had
      either direct or indirect contact with infected animals should be investigated by
      serological examination. In Western Australia during 1983 and 1984, the sera of
      937 patients were tested for the presence of leptospiral antibodies. Of these,
      131 gave positive results; in 45, these were consistent with recently acquired
      infection. Apart from one veterinary worker, all the cases that were diagnosed
      serologically occurred in farmers and meatworkers. Farmers were most often
      infected with serovar hardjo. Meatworkers demonstrated a high degree of cross
      reactivity among serovars pomona, hardjo, and to a lesser extent,
      icterohaemorrhagiae. However, in cases in which the infecting serovar was
      identifiable serologically, serovar pomona predominated.

PMID- 3713586
TI  - Preliminary validation of a clinical scale for measuring the duration of post
      traumatic amnesia.
AB  - An operational definition of post-traumatic amnesia is presented and a
      standardized procedure for the measurement of post-traumatic amnesia, which has
      been clinically tested in over 100 patients with severe, closed head injury is
      described. Twenty patients with severe head injuries who were still experiencing
      post-traumatic amnesia (as defined in this study), were assessed on an
      independent test of learning ability, as were 20 other patients with severe head
      injury who were no longer suffering post-traumatic amnesia. The performance of
      the two groups differed significantly; those in a state of post-traumatic amnesia
      performed more poorly. Both these groups showed significant impairment when
      compared with a control group of 20 patients who were in hospital because of
      orthopaedic injuries that were suffered during a motor vehicle accident. These
      preliminary results are sufficiently encouraging to recommend this simple
      procedure for routine use in hospitals, to enhance the accuracy of measuring the
      severity of head injury. The medicolegal use of this measure is also discussed.

PMID- 3713587
TI  - Gallstone pancreatitis.
AB  - Gallstone pancreatitis is a disease of high mortality (11%) and significant
      morbidity (42%). An analysis of 66 patients with this disease revealed the
      importance of an early aetiological diagnosis; 66% of our patients had evidence
      of previous biliary disease. Most patients were elderly and the severity of their
      disease could be predicted using Ranson's predictive indices. Surgery was
      immediate (within 48 hours) in 11 (17%) patients, early (two-14 days) in 16 (24%)
      and delayed in 27 (41%) patients. Some patients refused surgery. Our study
      suggests that very ill patients require immediate surgery--often cholecystostomy
      alone--and that although in the majority symptoms should settle on conservative
      treatment, definitive surgery should be carried out at the time of the initial
      admission. Further delay increases morbidity, mortality and expense.

PMID- 3713588
TI  - Medical negligence and legal causation--where the twain do not meet.
AB  - Medical neglect is legally irrelevant where it can be shown that it did not cause
      the harm that is the source of the complaint. On the other hand, there are
      problems with causation and quantum where the failure to apply appropriate care
      has the consequence of depriving the plaintiff of the chance of a better medical
      result.

PMID- 3713589
TI  - Should medical records be privileged?

PMID- 3713590
TI  - Weil's syndrome in a zoologist.
AB  - Weil's syndrome is an unusual form of leptospirosis in Australia. A case of
      Weil's syndrome in a zoologist is described and an Australian native animal
      identified as the probable source of the infection. People who are in close
      contact with Australian native fauna should take precautions to minimize their
      exposure to leptospires.

PMID- 3713591
TI  - Methyldopa: an often overlooked cause of fever and transient hepatocellular
      dysfunction.
AB  - The clinical features and laboratory findings of 78 cases of methyldopa fever are
      reported. This drug reaction masqueraded as a variety of acute infectious
      diseases including septicaemia, meningitis, hepatitis and gastroenteritis,
      occurred within five weeks of starting the drug and appeared to be unrelated to
      its dosage. Eosinophilia and skin rashes were conspicuous by their absence. In
      the majority of patients, symptoms were relieved within 48 hours of the
      withdrawal of the drug. Sixty-one per cent of patients had biochemical evidence
      of liver damage but jaundice was uncommon. This pattern of mild hepatotoxicity in
      patients with early febrile reactions to methyldopa contrasts with the later more
      serious viral hepatitis-like illness due to the drug.

PMID- 3713592
TI  - Break-dancing injuries.

PMID- 3713593
TI  - Storm in a cup of 2,4,5-T.

PMID- 3713594
TI  - Ratio between numbers of cases and carriers of AIDS.

PMID- 3713595
TI  - Tick bites.

PMID- 3713596
TI  - Public opinion in Victoria about the dangers of passive smoking.

PMID- 3713597
TI  - "Open-access" upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.

PMID- 3713598
TI  - He who sups with the devil . . .

PMID- 3713599
TI  - Statistical significance and confidence intervals.

PMID- 3713600
TI  - The concept of birth centres.

PMID- 3713601
TI  - Factors affecting compliance in colorectal cancer screening. Results of a study
      performed in Ballarat.
AB  - Non-compliance in screening programmes for colorectal cancer is likely to be the
      most important factor limiting the impact of screening on mortality. This study
      aimed to determine risk factors and correlates of compliance that could be
      readily identified by general practitioners. A total of 581 eligible subjects
      aged 40 to 75 years completed a questionnaire that covered demographic factors,
      personal medical history, family history of colorectal cancer and smoking status.
      Faecal occult blood tests were then offered by the general practitioner and
      compliance correlated with responses. The over-all compliance was 44% and
      increased to 51% for those who accepted the self-testing kit at consultation. For
      men, compliance increased with increasing level of education and was
      significantly greater for non-smokers than for smokers. For women, compliance
      increased with increasing age, and was greater for those with either symptoms
      and/or a family history of colorectal cancer. A doctor group-practice factor
      appeared to influence acceptance versus refusal of the test kit from the doctor.
      A triage approach to screening in general practice may improve over-all
      compliance and the yield of tumours. With this strategy, patients at high risk
      (for example, those with a family history of colorectal cancer or in older age
      groups) are identified first. Particular attention should be given during
      consultation to those at high risk who have poor compliance profiles (for example
      male smokers with a family history of colorectal cancer). High-risk subjects with
      high compliance profiles would need less attention and low-risk individuals would
      need least attention.

PMID- 3713602
TI  - Birth centre confinement at the Queen Victoria Medical Centre: four years'
      experience.
AB  - A review of the first four years of the functioning of the birth centre at the
      Queen Victoria Medical Centre is presented. In that time, 1040 pregnant women
      were accepted for confinement there. Of these, 52 withdrew for non-obstetric
      reasons, while 470 were transferred to alternative obstetrical care--274 because
      of antepartum complications and 196 because of intrapartum problems. Therefore,
      518 women were delivered in the birth centre. The care of the women is entrusted
      almost entirely to a team of midwives and this review demonstrates an enviable
      safety record.

PMID- 3713603
TI  - Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Australia. The establishment of a register of
      diabetic children aged 0 to 19 years in the Illawarra area.
AB  - A survey to establish a register of diabetic children aged 0 to 19 years has been
      carried out in the Illawarra area of New South Wales. Four independent methods of
      case ascertainment were used. Fifty-three patients with diabetes mellitus were
      identified, with a prevalence of the disease of 69/100 000. Ten patients with
      diabetes were diagnosed in 1984, giving an annual incidence of 13/100 000. No
      significant seasonality in onset of diabetes was demonstrated.

PMID- 3713604
TI  - Myasthenia gravis: the problem of a "psychiatric" misdiagnosis.
AB  - Patients with myasthenia gravis are commonly misdiagnosed as having a psychiatric
      disorder; this leads to considerable delay in reaching the correct diagnosis and
      in instituting appropriate and effective treatment. Patients who are most at risk
      are those with somatic presentations (limb weakness, fatigue) in contrast to
      ocular or bulbar presentations. Similarly, those who manifest anger or anxiety
      traits are more likely to be misdiagnosed.

PMID- 3713605
TI  - Pleuropulmonary necrobiotic rheumatoid nodules. A review and clinicopathological
      study of six patients.
AB  - Pleuropulmonary rheumatoid nodules were diagnosed histologically in six patients
      of whom five were known to have rheumatoid arthritis; the pulmonary lesion
      preceded the development of arthritis in the sixth patient. Pulmonary lesions are
      commonly found in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. These lesions are either
      non-specific (effusions, pleurisy, fibrosis, arteritis and obliterative
      bronchiolitis) or the specific necrobiotic nodules that constitute Caplan's
      syndrome in association with pneumoconiosis. The necrobiotic nodules are usually
      pleural or subpleural and rarely occur in the bronchial tree. Pulmonary
      necrobiotic nodules can appear before, coincident with, or after the onset of
      arthritis. It is essential to distinguish these lesions from infections or
      neoplasia.

PMID- 3713606
TI  - Why bacterial meningitis should be a notifiable disease in Australia.

PMID- 3713607
TI  - Should we delete the digraphs ("ae" and "oe") from Australian medical writing?

PMID- 3713609
TI  - Injection of the shoulder.

PMID- 3713608
TI  - Chorionic villus sampling.

PMID- 3713610
TI  - Contact dermatitis to an Australian native plant.

PMID- 3713611
TI  - Accidents in childhood.

PMID- 3713612
TI  - Bureaucrats.

PMID- 3713613
TI  - Torsion of the testis.

PMID- 3713614
TI  - Chlamydia trachomatis.

PMID- 3713615
TI  - Legal liability of public hospitals.

PMID- 3713617
TI  - Public health research and education: at the crossroads.

PMID- 3713616
TI  - Grieving over the loss of a baby.

PMID- 3713618
TI  - Storm in a cup of 2,4,5-T.

PMID- 3713619
TI  - Maternal grieving response after perinatal death.
AB  - The nature and incidence of psychological and related physical disturbances were
      investigated in 110 mothers who had lost a child in the perinatal period. The
      mothers were interviewed six to 36 months after their loss. The demographic
      characteristics, hospital experiences, effects of bereavement and perceived
      social support system of the women were assessed. A pathological bereavement
      outcome, which was defined as a marked deterioration in health and evidence of
      increased social adjustment problems, was identified in 21% of the women. A
      pathological bereavement outcome was found to be related to two main factors--a
      reported crisis during pregnancy and the perceived support of the husband and/or
      family. Whether the mother saw but did not hold her baby was also a factor. These
      results suggest that the loss of a baby may have at least as severe an effect on
      a woman as the death of her husband. The implication of these findings is that
      women who are at risk of a pathological outcome of bereavement may be identified
      soon after their loss.

PMID- 3713620
TI  - Neonatal death: grieving families.
AB  - This paper examines the stress on a family after a neonatal death. Sixty-seven
      families who experienced 63 neonatal deaths and four post-neonatal deaths were
      studied during an interview held eight weeks after the death. Predominant support
      for the parents was provided by each other (63%), their parents (33%), friends,
      many of whom had experienced a similar loss (16%), neighbours (15%) and religion
      (13%). Grief reactions were more commonly reported by mothers than by fathers and
      included: sleep disturbances (51%); depression or fits of crying (34%); anorexia
      or weight loss (33%); nervousness and anxiety (19%); social withdrawal (18%);
      morbid preoccupation (9%); and guilt, anger or hostility (9%). Grief reactions
      were graded on a scale of I (physically, psychologically and emotionally settled)
      to IV (serious symptoms that disturbed day-to-day functioning). Pathological
      grief reactions occurred in 21 families and correlated with a lack of parental
      support and contact with their critically ill infant and a severe initial grief
      state (P less than 0.05). There was no correlation with the type of initial grief
      reaction; the attachment to the baby; the age of the baby; the comprehension of
      the cause of death; the hospital care or the way that they were informed of the
      death. The loss of a newborn infant had a major pathological effect on 31% of the
      families that were studied. This was probably an underestimate as eight weeks is
      too soon to assess unresolved grief.

PMID- 3713621
TI  - A five-year experience with central nervous system lymphoma.
AB  - The experience with central nervous system (CNS) non-Hodgkin's lymphoma at a 700
      bed teaching hospital over five years (1979-1983) is reported. During this period
      222 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were seen. Ten new cases (eight patients
      with secondary and two patients with primary CNS lymphoma) were diagnosed during
      this period, representing an overall incidence of 4.5%. The clinical,
      pathological and neuroradiological findings of this group are described with
      special emphasis on the varied appearances that were found on computer-assisted
      tomographic scans.

PMID- 3713623
TI  - Legal liability of public hospitals.

PMID- 3713622
TI  - Drug delivery systems.

PMID- 3713624
TI  - Torsion of the testis in a skier.

PMID- 3713625
TI  - Hypotheticals.

PMID- 3713626
TI  - Fatal inappropriate ADH secretion in melanoma.

PMID- 3713627
TI  - Testicular entrapment by a shower chair in hospital.

PMID- 3713628
TI  - The child with cancer.

PMID- 3713629
TI  - Treatment for cancer pain.

PMID- 3713630
TI  - Muscle cramps or RSI?

PMID- 3713631
TI  - Domiciliary nebulizer respiratory therapy.

PMID- 3713633
TI  - The road toll: possible improvements.

PMID- 3713632
TI  - Sex selection by chorionic villus sampling.

PMID- 3713634
TI  - The meaning of informed consent.

PMID- 3713635
TI  - The pathologist as an expert witness.

PMID- 3713636
TI  - Crime and homelessness among the mentally ill.

PMID- 3713637
TI  - Juries: the right of challenge.

PMID- 3713638
TI  - Ketoprofen.

PMID- 3713639
TI  - Drugs for parkinsonism.

PMID- 3713640
TI  - Bisantrene hydrochloride in gastric adenocarcinoma: a Southwest Oncology Group
      Study.
AB  - Because "the standard" chemotherapy for advanced gastric adenocarcinoma, the FAM
      combination of 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin, and mitomycin, is only minimally
      effective, there is a clear need for other choices. Therefore, the Southwest
      Oncology Group tested the new adriamycin analog, bisantrene, hoping that it might
      be more effective than the "parent drug." Twenty-six patients with gastric
      adenocarcinoma were treated on a program of every-3-week 2-hour bisantrene
      infusions. The starting dose was 260 mg/m2 (208 if poor risk), with subsequent
      doses based on prior toxicity. The regimen caused sufficient toxicity (especially
      local phlebitis with pain and swelling) to assure an adequate test. One person
      (3.8% of eligible patients) experienced a clinically useful 3-month response. He
      had previously had progressive disease on FAM. Nevertheless, we conclude that
      bisantrene is not an addition to the small list of drugs useful in the management
      of gastric adenocarcinoma.

PMID- 3713641
TI  - Legionnaires' disease in patients with cancer.
AB  - A 4-year experience with Legionella pneumophila (LD) diagnosed in 36 patients
      with cancer was reviewed. Cancer patients represented 24% of the total population
      of patients acquiring LD during that time. Hematologic neoplasms (42%) and lung
      cancer (22%) accounted for the majority of afflicted patients. Nosocomial
      infections occurred in 42% of the patients evaluated. Several risk factors were
      assessed, and only neutropenia, and previous steroid therapy played a causal role
      (p less than .05) when assessed in a retrospective case control fashion. Overall
      mortality in oncology patients with LD (53%) was high and underscores the need
      rapidly to diagnose and treat this entity. This mortality decreased after 1977
      when an effective antibiotic was utilized. Mixed infections also played a major
      role in outcome and occurred in 31% of the 36 patients studied. The mortality in
      these cancer patients was 73%, and this emphasizes the need to exclude and treat
      concomitant bacterial or fungal infections.

PMID- 3713642
TI  - Phase II study: the combination DTIC, BCNU, actinomycin D, and vincristine in
      disseminated malignant melanoma.
AB  - Thirty patients with disseminated malignant melanoma received the combination
      DTIC, BCNU, actinomycin D, and vincristine. The objective response rate was 17
      percent concomitant with moderate-to-severe nausea and vomiting in 80 percent of
      patients. Hematologic toxicity was transient. In the dose and schedule that we
      used, the four-drug regimen does not offer meaningful benefit for patients with
      advanced melanoma.

PMID- 3713643
TI  - [Importance of Pavlovskii's theory of the natural foci of diseases for the
      further development of medical parasitology].

PMID- 3713644
TI  - [Distribution and population count of Ixodes ricinus (L.) in Prague].

PMID- 3713645
TI  - [Experience in dividing up the nosogeographic range of cutaneous leishmaniasis in
      the Old World].

PMID- 3713646
TI  - [Simulation evaluation of the mechanism of transmission of the causative agent of
      zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis].

PMID- 3713647
TI  - [Delineation of natural foci of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis: the foundation
      of a method].

PMID- 3713648
TI  - [Theory of the general epidemiology of parasitoses and zoonoses. 3. The role of
      the parasitized human being as a source of infestation].

PMID- 3713649
TI  - [Sanitary helminthological aspects of a study of the epidemiology of
      echinococcosis].

PMID- 3713650
TI  - [Group trichinelliasis infestation].

PMID- 3713651
TI  - Protecting autonomy in organ procurement procedures: some overlooked issues.
AB  - Organ procurement personnel in the United States appear to be unaware that the
      standard practice of asking the surviving families of all classes of potential
      donors (declared and undeclared) for permission to remove organs and tissues from
      these individuals is inconsistent with the provisions of most state UAGAs. The
      majority of these Acts vest first authority concerning the donation of body parts
      in those individuals whose organs and tissues are needed and judged medically
      acceptable for removal and transfer. These laws do not give families the right to
      veto the positive written declarations of dead relatives who have authorized the
      posthumous taking of their own body parts. Hence, seeking family consent for the
      removal of body parts from registered donors is unnecessary and inappropriate
      according to the provisions of most state UAGAs. The primary authority given to
      individuals under this legislation to control the taking of organs and tissues
      from their bodies after death arguably rests on the plausible premise that a
      person's body is his or her property in a significant sense. This gives
      individuals first authority to control the posthumous disposition of their body
      parts. Under current retrieval practice, however, families of deceased registered
      donors are seldom informed about the paramount rights of these individuals and
      are led to believe that they have final legal authority over the disposition of
      organs and tissues from these expatients. This is, in effect, an unwitting but
      nonetheless serious "sellout" of the moral-legal rights of these potential
      donors. I have attempted to show the weakness of one plausible line of argument
      for the claim that current retrieval practice with its family priority
      orientation ought to be continued in unamended form, irrespective of what the law
      says. I suggested an alternative procedure for approaching the surviving families
      of registered donors which I believe offers a socially acceptable compromise
      among three values which enter into competition at the death of a declared donor:
      (1) saving the maximum number of lives of ESOD victims, (2) respecting and
      protecting the rights of declared donors, and (3) honoring the needs of the
      grieving family.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3713652
TI  - [Lipid profile of the newborn infant with a familial anamnesis of atherosclerosis
      risk].

PMID- 3713653
TI  - [Bronchiolitis. Prospective study in a day-hospital].

PMID- 3713654
TI  - [Arterial pressure in childhood. Preliminary results].

PMID- 3713655
TI  - [Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: a proposal for its follow-up].

PMID- 3713656
TI  - [Diabetes and immune pathology. Preliminary study].

PMID- 3713657
TI  - [Application of thermography in the diagnosis and follow-up of juvenile
      rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 3713658
TI  - [Support therapy with 25-OH-D3 for osteoporosis in juvenile rheumatoid
      arthritis].

PMID- 3713659
TI  - [Recurrent abdominal colic in children. Clinico-statistical findings].

PMID- 3713660
TI  - [Current epidemiology of brucellosis and description of a case].

PMID- 3713661
TI  - [Genotypic and phenotypic variability of Patau's syndrome. Observation of 2
      cases].

PMID- 3713662
TI  - [Mixed connective tissue disease: treatment with plasma exchange. Presentation of
      a case].

PMID- 3713664
TI  - [Prader-Labhart-Willi syndrome with 47,XXX karyotype. Etio-pathogenetic
      considerations].

PMID- 3713663
TI  - ["Complete" prune belly syndrome: necroscopic study. Presentation of 2 cases].

PMID- 3713665
TI  - [Chiari type I deformity. Description of a case in a 6-year-old boy].

PMID- 3713667
TI  - Dementia.

PMID- 3713666
TI  - [Kawasaki's disease. Clinical contribution].

PMID- 3713668
TI  - Multi-infarct dementia.
AB  - The participation of vascular disease in elderly dementia has been clarified to a
      significant degree in the past decade. The term multi-infarct dementia implies
      that severe mental impairment can result from thrombosis of large and medium
      arteries or from multifocal emboli of either cardiac or arterial origin. This is
      markedly different from the concept, which, unfortunately, is still the generally
      current view in the lay press, in some medical journals, and in advertisements of
      pharmaceutical companies, that gradual narrowing of cervical and cerebral
      arteries produces chronic hypoperfusion of the brain and is the basis of mental
      deterioration. This concept of generalized cerebral arteriosclerosis or
      arteriosclerotic dementia is no longer acceptable. Most patients with MID can be
      distinguished from those suffering from other types of dementia by employing a
      clinical ischemic score supplemented by electrophysiologic studies, CCT, and
      neuropsychological testing. Furthermore, the association of MID with severe
      hypertension and thromboembolism makes early diagnosis imperative, because
      appropriate treatment may arrest progression and even provide some improvement.

PMID- 3713669
TI  - [A new anticancer preparation, 5-fluorouracil-poly-L-lactic acid microcapsule,
      and its therapeutic evaluation].
AB  - An attempt was made to develop the new anticancer drug inducing enhanced tumor
      response to arterial chemoembolization therapy. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) was
      microencapsulated with poly L-lactic acid by the organic phase separation
      technique. This granular preparation containing 5-FU (FU-PLA-mc) was about 200
      micron in diameter and was about 40% in 5-FU content. The release of 5-FU in
      vitro from FU-PLA-mc gradually increased, extending over 50 hours to reach
      maximum level. When 75 mg of FU-PLA-mc (5-FU content, 30 mg) was infused into
      normal rabbits through femoral arteries, maximum level of 5-FU in blood was 1.03
      +/- 0.16 microgram/g after 15 minutes. Meanwhile, arterial infusion of the same
      dosage of FU-PLA-mc into VX2 tumor bearing rabbits resulted in the production of
      high level of 5-FU (2.1 +/- 0.5 micrograms/g) in tumors even after 72 hours. In
      vivo anticancer effect of FU-PLA-mc was significantly demonstrated; when 75 mg of
      FU-PLA-mc was administrated to VX2 tumor bearing rabbits through arterial
      infusion, T/C ratio of mean tumor weight was 0.01% on the 14th day after
      infusion. After hepatic arterial embolization with FU-PLA-mc in normal rabbits,
      elevation of serum transaminases was observed, but it was transient. Hepatic
      arterial chemoembolization with FU-PLA-mc was carried out for 8 patients with
      hepatic malignancies. Of these 8 patients, partial response was obtained in 3
      patients and no severe complication was observed.

PMID- 3713670
TI  - [Clinical study of clonogenic assays--with reference to adjuvant cancer
      chemotherapy after operation].
AB  - One hundred surgical specimens were used for the clonogenic assay to determine
      the chemosensitivity in vitro and the results were compared with the antitumor
      effect of the adjuvant cancer chemotherapy after operation. The clonogenic assay
      was performed according to the method of Salmon et al. The dissociated tumor
      cells were contacted with drugs in a concentration of 1 microgram/ml for 1 hr.
      (mitomycin C; MMC) or 2-3 wks. (5-fluorouracil; 5-FU). Fifty percent or more
      inhibitory rate of the colonies were evaluated as positive. The clinical
      antitumor effects were assessed by the tumor reduction in non-curatively operated
      cases and by the survival period after the operation in curatively operated
      cases. Overall evaluable cases were 52 of 100 cases with a median cloning
      efficiency rate of 0.1%. The efficacy rates of the drugs in vitro were found to
      be 21.3% for MMC and 31.8% for 5-FU. The histological differentiations, Stages,
      pretreatments and cloning efficiency rates were observed to have few influence on
      the chemosensitivity. Nineteen non-curatively operated cases were eligible for
      the comparison between in vitro and in vivo, showing 40% true positive, 100% true
      negative and 84.2% predictable rates. In curatively operated cases, whereas 2 of
      14 cases have died of cancer in not adapted adjuvant cancer chemotherapy group,
      no cancer deaths were encountered in 7 cases whose adjuvant cancer chemotherapy
      was evaluated as effective in the clonogenic assay. From these findings, it was
      concluded that in vitro clonogenic assay might be useful to select a suitable
      adjuvant cancer chemotherapy in curatively operated cases as well as cases with
      advanced carcinomas.

PMID- 3713671
TI  - [Experimental studies on respiratory insufficiency after endoscopic injection
      sclerotherapy using ethanolamine-oleate].
AB  - To study the influence of Ethanolamine-Oleate (EO) used for endoscopic injection
      sclerotherapy for esophageal varices on the pulmonary hemodynamics, extra
      vascular lung water (EVLW), and pulmonary and systemic pressures measurements,
      and blood gas analysis were performed after injection of EO directly into the
      right atrium in 18 mongrel dogs. Studies were made in three groups, group A (6
      dogs) in which the bolus of 1 ml/kg of EO was injected with 1 second; group B (6
      dogs) in which 0.25 ml/kg of EO was injected for four times successively within a
      minute; and controls (6 dogs) the bolus of 1 ml/kg of saline was injected within
      1 second. EVLW was measured by thermal-green dye double indicator dilution
      method. Pulmonary pressures were measured using Swan-Ganz catheter. Results were
      as follows. In group A, 4 of the 6 dogs died with a symptom of pulmonary edema
      within several minutes. In the other two, systemic and pulmonary artery pressure
      did not change, but EVLW and pulmonary artery resistance significantly increased
      compared to the controls. Intrapulmonary shunt ratio and PO2 were reduced
      significantly compared to the controls. In group B no systemic hemodynamic
      changes were observed. But again EVLW significantly increased. These results
      suggest that the injection sclerotherapy using EO affects pulmonary hemodynamics.
      And this effect of EO doesn't depend on the total amount of injected EO, but on
      the concentration of EO reaching the lung. Careful respiratory monitoring seems
      necessary in patients undergoing injection sclerotherapy.

PMID- 3713672
TI  - [Histopathologic study of rapidly induced colonic carcinoma in rats by N-methyl-N
      nitrosourea--with special reference to histogenesis].
AB  - The rat model of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced colorectal carcinogenesis
      was studied to determine histogenesis and evaluate early proliferative lesions
      and invasive carcinoma by the measurement of DNA content. Twenty-five male
      Fischer rats, weighing 150-160 g, were intra-rectally given MNU dissolved in
      distilled water, at a dose of 2 mg/rat, 3 times weekly for 5 weeks.
      Histopathologically, the lesions were classified into 3 foci, that is dysplastic
      focus composed of single gland, intra-mucosal dysplastic focus and macroscopic or
      invasive carcinoma. Macroscopic lesions were gradually increased in number and
      size with time. The earliest lesion, which could be recognized as single gland
      dysplastic foci, not only preceded the occurrence of invasive carcinoma, but also
      appeared most frequently in the colonic segment that subsequently showed the site
      of the highest incidence of advanced carcinoma. Thus, single gland foci might be
      precancerous lesions. However, on the basis of similar findings of the DNA
      distribution pattern in single gland foci, intramucosal foci and invasive
      carcinoma, these foci could be regarded as "de novo carcinoma" or, at least, it
      can be said that the development of carcinoma was not preceded by adenomatous
      polyp in our present experiment.

PMID- 3713673
TI  - [Clinical and histologic studies of abnormal intramural plexus with special
      reference to hypoganglionosis].
AB  - Since April 1973, 230 patients, who were suspected of Hirschsprung's disease,
      have been examined by rectal mucosal biopsy, barium enema and ano-rectal
      manometry. Their rectal mucosal specimens have been taken both from the regions
      2cm upwards and just above the dentate line, and have been studied by means of
      acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-staining and hematoxylin-eosin (H-E)-staining.
      Specimens obtained by rectal full-thickness biopsies or operations were examined
      by means of AChE-staining, H-E-staining and silver-impregnation. Eleven out of
      the 230 patients were histologically diagnosed as hypoganglionosis. All rectal
      mucosas of hypoganglionosis showed a few small submucous plexus. According to the
      findings of nerve fibers, however, cases of hypoganglionosis were divided into
      three groups. The recognition of nerve fibers partially proliferated in rectal
      mucosa at the newborn age leads the diagnosis to type A. The type B is diagnosed
      as Hirschsprung's disease only through the recognition of proliferations of nerve
      fibers in rectal mucosa after the suckling age. In type C, no proliferation of
      nerve fibers can be recognized even after the suckling age. An accurate diagnosis
      of type C can be, therefore, made only through the examinations of myenteric
      plexus in full-thickness rectal specimen. On barium enema, a narrow segment was
      definite in 7 cases of hypoganglionosis, but was indefinite in the remaining 4
      cases. The diseased segments of intestines were limited to the rectum or the
      rectosigmoid colon in 10 cases. Recto-anal sphincteric reflex showed an atypical
      reflex in 6 cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3713674
TI  - [An experimental study of the healing of velour grafts].
AB  - An experimental study of implantation of velour grafts in the abdominal aorta or
      the external iliac artery of dogs was conducted with the object of evaluating the
      type of velour surface best fit for small-caliber artery implantation. Velour
      grafts measuring 4mm in diameter with differing velour surfaces were used as
      materials. Velour grafts now available on the market differ not only in velour
      surface but also in structure, notably in porosity and wall thickness. Hence each
      of the grafts used was reversed (i.e. inside out) and thus new grafts were
      prepared. These grafts were considered most suitable for making a comparative
      study of the effects of velour surface on healing. Macroscopic and histological
      findings revealed that each graft was good healing with the rate of patency as
      high as 84 percent. However, like Vasculour-D grafts, crimped grafts which
      preserve the crimp after implantation was significantly thicker at the internal
      valley than other grafts. Based on the findings of this experimental study non
      crimped velour grafts were considered to be best fit for small-caliber artery
      implantation.

PMID- 3713675
TI  - [A case of pelvic arteriovenous malformation].
AB  - Congenital pelvic arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is an uncommon lesion. This
      disorder occurs in female frequently than in male. A 44 year-old male complained
      of right lower abdominal discomfort and hemorrhoids. He had neither history of
      abdominal trauma nor abdominal surgery. A pulsatile mass was palpable on rectal
      digital examination and bruit was heard at right lower abdominal quadrant. Pelvic
      computerized tomogram showed an abnormal mass with homogeneous density near the
      right side of the bladder. The mass was equally enhanced by the contrast medium.
      Digital subtraction angiogram revealed the pelvic AVM which originate from right
      hypogastric artery. Selective angiogram showed many feeding arteries and a
      dilated vein. Surgical procedure was performed with transabdominal approach
      because this AVM was localized. All feeding arteries and aneurysmally dilated
      vein were completely removed. Post operative course was uneventful. Follow up
      arteriogram after the surgery showed no further abnormal arteriovenous
      connections.

PMID- 3713676
TI  - [Monoclonal antibody span-1 against pancreatic cancer cells and characterization
      of the antigen].

PMID- 3713677
TI  - [Intrasplenic serial injection of lipopolysaccharide: induction of anti-tumor
      substance in the rat portal vein].

PMID- 3713678
TI  - [Experimental studies on the uptake of anticancer drugs in cancer cells in
      hyperthermochemotherapy--effects of in vitro and in vivo heating on the uptake of
      5-fluorouracil in Ehrlich cells].
AB  - In order to clarify the influence of hyperthermia on the uptake of anticancer
      drugs into cancer cells, ddy mice and 3H-labelled 5-fluorouracil (3H-5-FU) were
      used. The Ehrlich ascites cells (E-cells) in addition to 3H-5-FU were heated in
      vitro at different temperatures and the uptake of the 5-FU into E-cells were
      observed with the passage of time, while 3H-5-FU was given to an E-cell "planted
      mice, to which local and total-body hyperthermias were performed at different
      temperatures for the uptake of the 5-FU into the Ehrlich solid tumors to be
      measured at intervals. The uptakes of 5-FU into E-cells and the Ehrlich solid
      tumors was observed by 3H-5-FU uptake and autoradiography respectively. The
      results are summarized as follows: 1) There was a significant sthenia of the 5-FU
      uptake into E-cell, as it was heated in vitro at 43 degrees C for 30 minutes and
      60 minutes. This result was confirmed by autoradiograph. The sthenia was only
      found in E-cells remarkably, and not in normal cells. 2) In a tumor bearing
      mouse, there was a significant sthenia of the 5-FU uptake into the Ehrlich solid
      tumors as it was heated at local hyperthermia (42 degrees C) and total-body
      hyperthermia (42 degrees C) for 30 minutes and 60 minutes. The result was
      confirmed by autoradiograph. The sthenia was only found in the Ehrlich solid
      tumors remarkably, and not in normal tissues. This results show an antiplastic
      increment by hyperthermochemotherapy that anticancer drugs can be included into
      the cancer cells and the Ehrlich solid tumors more easily by heating.

PMID- 3713679
TI  - [The effects of serum from tumor-bearing mice on mitogen-induced blastogenesis of
      normal spleen cells].
AB  - In order to detect the serum immunosuppressive factors of tumor bearer, the
      effects of normal C3H/He mice serum (NMS), serum from methylcholanthrene induced
      fibrosarcoma bearing mice (F4w serum) and sera fractionated by high performance
      liquid chromatography (HPLC) using anion exchange column were examined on mitogen
      induced blastogenesis of normal murine spleen cells (Nspc). The addition of 5% of
      NMS suppressed the blastogenesis of Nspc. Less than 0.6% of F4w serum suppressed
      the blastogenesis. NMS was applied to HPLC and was separated to four peaks
      (A,B,C,D). In HPLC pattern of F4w serum, peak B was higher than that of NMS and
      new peak (E) was observed next to peak D. Peak D of NMS suppressed the
      blastogenesis. Not peak D but peak E of F4w serum suppressed the blastogenesis.
      The properties of those blastogenesis-suppressive fractions were discussed.

PMID- 3713680
TI  - [Immunological response of regional lymph nodes after cryosurgery in rats].
AB  - At 7 days after MRMT-1 inoculation at the thigh of 5 week-old female SD rats, the
      tumor was treated cryosurgically by 2 cycle freezing, contact method at -170
      degrees C. Weights of thymus and the spleen, histological findings of lumbar
      lymph nodes, PHA-induced blastogenesis of lymphocytes obtained from lumbar lymph
      nodes or peripheral blood, and resistance rate to tumor re-challenge were
      examined at 1, 3, 6, 10 and 17 week(s) after cryosurgery. Following results were
      obtained. (1) Weight of the thymus gradually decreased by 3 weeks after
      cryosurgery, while that of the spleen increased by 1 week, recovering the
      preoperative level at 7 weeks. (2) Paracortical hyperplasia of lumbar lymph nodes
      markedly increased at 1 week and sinus histiocytosis increased after 3 weeks,
      both keeping their high values till 10 weeks, while germinal center hyperplasia
      showed a high value at 2 weeks, thereafter decreasing gradually. (3) PHA-induced
      blastogenesis of lumbar lymph nodes significantly increased at 1 week, keeping
      its high value till 10 weeks. (4) PHA-induced blastogenesis of peripheral
      lymphocytes showed the lowest value at 3 weeks, then significantly increasing at
      6 weeks. (5) Resistance rate to re-challenge showed the lowest value at 3 week,
      reading the highest level at 10 weeks after cryosurgery. From the above results,
      it was suggested that anti-tumor immunity induced by cryosurgery was at the
      lowest level at 3 weeks, and gradually increased starting at 6 weeks.
      Augmentation of helper T cell and cytotoxic T cell functions at the regional
      lymph nodes was also suggested to occur from 1 week to 10 weeks after
      cryosurgery.

PMID- 3713681
TI  - [Anti-tumor effect of peritoneal exudate cells (macrophages) exposed to
      adriamycin].
AB  - The present study was undertaken to investigate antitumor activity of peritoneal
      exudate cells (PEC) collected from mice treated with adriamycin (ADM)
      intraperitoneally (ADM-PEC). PEC following intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration
      of 0.1, 1, and 10mg/kg of ADM exhibited in vitro antitumor activity against
      Ehrlich JTC-11 cells with dose-dependency. This activity was seen strongly in
      plastic adherent cells and was reduced by pretreatment with carrageenan.
      Therefore it was thought that effector cells were chiefly macrophages (M phi). In
      the supernatant of ADM-PEC obtained by ultrasonic disruption, ADM was released
      with dose-dependency. This supernatant inhibited proliferation of JTC-11 cells,
      but it was not cytocidal. ADM-PEC displayed pronounced antitumor activity in Winn
      assay. Fluorescent microscopy revealed that ADM-PEC contained yellow substances
      like ADM in the cytoplasma and that JTC-11 contained its yellow substances in the
      nuclear when JTC-11 had been incubated together with ADM-PEC. From these results,
      it was suggested that following i.p. administration ADM exhibited not only direct
      antitumor activity but also indirect antitumor activity by way of host immunity,
      namely through PEC, chiefly M phi, and this effect might be explained by
      transference of ADM, once phagocytized by M phi, into target cells.

PMID- 3713682
TI  - [Localization of radiolabeled antibody to carcinoembryonic antigen in patients
      with gastrointestinal carcinoma].
AB  - Present study was undertaken to investigate accumulation of radiolabeled antibody
      to CEA in CEA-producing tumor and possibility of radioimmunodetection of cancer
      with antibody. Nine patients with gastric carcinoma and seventeen colorectal
      carcinoma were studied. Antibody to CEA were produced in horse by immunization
      with CEA purified from hepatic metastasis of colorectal carcinoma. The purified
      antibodies were labeled with 125I or 131I. The patients who entered these studies
      received radioactive antibodies to CEA intravenously 24-48 hours prior to
      operation. Radioactivity in tumor tissues and normal mucosal tissues obtained at
      the operation was counted by gamma-scintillation counter. In four patients with
      liver metastasis from colorectal carcinoma, external photoscanning was also
      performed for radioimmunodetection of cancer with 131I-labeled antibody to CEA.
      The results were as follows. The mean ratio of 125I-uptake of cancer tissue to
      that of normal mucosal tissue was 3.28 +/- 1.52 (n = 26), and ratio to peripheral
      blood, liver, skin and fat tissue was 1.91 +/- 1.32, 2.90 +/- 1.47, 5.70 +/- 3.28
      and 12.86 +/- 8.48, respectively. Tumor tissue showed the highest uptake.
      Accumulation of radiolabeled antibody to CEA in tumor tissue was higher in
      patients with relatively high serum CEA level. High level of circulating CEA did
      not hinder accumulation of radiolabeled antibody to CEA in tumor tissue. In two
      out of four patients with liver metastasis from colorectal carcinoma, the tumor
      location was successfully demonstrated by external photoscanning using gamma
      camera. The information obtained in the present study provided possibility of
      direct radioimmunodetection and immunochemotherapy.

PMID- 3713683
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of the esophageal lymph flow system based on RI uptake of
      dissected regional lymph nodes following lymphoscintigraphy].
AB  - For surgical treatment of esophageal cancer, the importance of evaluating lymph
      node metastasis and the lymph flow of the esophagus can not be overemphasized. In
      oder to investigate the lymph flow of the esophagus, we preoperatively performed
      lymphoscintigraphy by endoscopic local injection of 99mTc Rhenium Colloid into
      the esophageal wall in 42 esophageal cancer cases and 4 gastric cancer cases.
      Postoperatively, the RI uptake of each dissected regional lymph nodes was
      examined by a Scintillation Counter. The findings were as follows. From the upper
      third of the thoracic esophagus, the main lymph flow was ascending to the neck
      and upper mediastinum. From the middle third, the lymph flow was ascending to the
      neck and upper mediastinum and descending into the abdomen. From the lower third,
      the main lymph flow was descending to the abdomen. In some cases, the lymph flow
      to the tracheal bifurcation nodes or to the lymph nodes around the left renal
      vein was observed. In 61% of the esophageal cancer cases with a partial bilateral
      neck dissection, the lymph flow to the bilateral supraclavicular lymph nodes was
      predominant compared to the upper mediastinum nodes.

PMID- 3713684
TI  - [Study on the clinical application of plasma and tissue carcinoembryonic antigen
      to cases with bile duct carcinoma].
AB  - Plasma CEA (P-CEA) in 50 cases with bile duct carcinoma and tissue CEA (T-CEA)
      detected by PAP method in 46 resected cases with carcinoma were examined. The
      mean level of P-CEA was 4.4 +/- 0.6 ng/ml and the positive rate was 68%. It was
      considered that a factor of vessel invasion was closely related to the increasing
      factor of P-CEA. Concerning the relationship between P-CEA and prognosis of the
      patient, the level of P-CEA seemed to be useful as a parameter of recurrence of
      carcinoma during the follow up periods. T-CEA in the cancerous lesion was
      positive in 76%. There were no relations between the histology of the carcinoma
      and the ability to produce CEA. Conclusively, the histological type invasion of
      the carcinoma was detected clearly and easily by using the PAP method for T-CEA.
      To examine the T-CEA in the resected margin seemed to be useful as an additional
      diagnostic method for carcinoma in the residual bile duct.

PMID- 3713685
TI  - [Morphometrical evaluation of the extrahepatic bile ducts in reference to their
      structural changes with aging].
AB  - Forty-three autopsy cases in which history of biliary diseases had not been
      demonstrated were submitted to histometrical evaluation of the inner diameter of
      common hepatic duct. In no case was there any postmortem evidence for hepatic or
      pancreatic diseases. The diameter D was found to be larger in aged individuals
      and there was a highly significant correlation between D and age. An upper
      rejection limit was calculated at 5% level based on the regression line of
      diameter against age, showing that the diameter did not exceed 4.8mm during the
      first two decades but the upper limit was elevated to 6.1mm and 7.5mm at 50 and
      80 years respectively. It is thus necessary to take into consideration the age of
      the patient when we attempt to judge clinically whether or not bile ducts
      actually are dilated. The density in ductal wall of elastic fibers was determined
      by microscopic morphometry and was shown to correlate also well with both the
      ductal diameter and the age of patient. The dilatation of bile duct with aging
      appeared to be attributable to chronic tension load on its wall, which was
      responsible for hysteresis of mural connective tissues on one hand, and on the
      other, for reinforcement of ductal wall by compensatory formation of elastic
      fibers.

PMID- 3713686
TI  - [Surgical experience in arteriovenous fistula following disk surgery].
AB  - A 21 year-old woman was admitted to our hospital due to congestive heart failure
      with severe leg edema. A continuous murmur was heard around the lumbar spine
      close to a surgical scar after laminectomy of the L4-L5 and L5-S1 disc that the
      patient had undergone six months before. Aortography demonstrated an
      arteriovenous fistula between the right common iliac artery and the inferior vena
      cava. At operation, we found the moderate sized venous defect and it corresponded
      with the angiographic finding. It was repaired by direct suture from inner side
      of the right common iliac artery. Arterial reconstruction was made with a 8mm
      woven dacron graft. Postoperative course was uneventful. The cardiac silhouette
      diminished in size and cardiac output improved from 12.5l/min. to 8l/min. after
      surgery. This report is the fourth case of successful repair for the
      arteriovenous fistula after disc surgery in Japan.

PMID- 3713687
TI  - [Changes in the activities of lysosomal enzyme (glycosidase) in experimental
      acute gastric mucosal lesion].
AB  - In order to study the pathogenesis of stress-induced ulcer, we induced
      experimental acute gastric mucosal lesion (AGML) by loading the rats with heat
      burn stress, and we monitored the activities of four glycosidases having
      mucolytic action. The activity of beta-N-Acetyl-D-glucosaminidase was 59.50 +/-
      3.27 micrograms 4 MU/h/mg protein before stress, increasing significantly one to
      three hours after burn, and that of beta-N-Acetyl-D-galactosaminidase was 17.50
      +/- 1.60 micrograms 4 MU/h/mg protein before stress, increasing significantly two
      hours after burn. The activities of two uronic acid exoglycosidases, alpha-L
      Iduronidase and beta-D-Glucuronidase were 4.52 +/- 0.37 and 8.68 +/- 0.89
      micrograms phenol/h/mg protein before stress; both increased significantly one to
      three hours after burn. Burn stress caused microcirculatory disturbance in the
      gastric mucosa, release of histamine and other vasoactive substances, and
      accelerated release of lysosomal enzymes. Triggered by these reaction,
      glycosidases were released to cause the degradation of glycoprotein in the tissue
      and resulted in the breakdown of the defense mechanisms.

PMID- 3713688
TI  - [Surgical problems of Kock's continent ileostomy in patients with ulcerative
      colitis].
AB  - Postoperative problems including pathophysiology at follow up were investigated
      in Kock's continent ileostomy in patients with ulcerative colitis. The results
      obtained were as follows: Though postoperative complication was found in all 4
      cases, it was improved in 3 of them by conservative or surgical treatment.
      Troublesome skin irritation, such as erosion or ulcer, was not found in any case.
      The patients empty the reservoir when it is convenient and intestinal discharge
      was 1 to 4 times per day and these results were proved from the studies of the
      pressure and capacity in the Kock's ileostomy. Various plasma amino acids in
      patients with Kock's ileostomy showed almost similar levels to those of the
      normal subjects. Bacteriological examination in the stool in Kock's ileostomy
      also revealed almost similar results to those of the normal subjects. From these
      results, we conclude that Kock's continent ileostomy should be more widely
      performed for the patients with ulcerative colitis when ileostomy is required.

PMID- 3713689
TI  - [Effect of splenectomy on hepatic regeneration in rats].
AB  - The effect of splenectomy on hepatic regeneration after partial hepatectomy was
      investigated in splenectomized and non-splenectomized rats. The results were as
      follows: The liver weight per body weight after partial hepatectomy increased
      significantly at 2 and 4 days in splenectomized group compared with non
      splenectomized one. The rates of 3H-thymidine uptake in the regenerating liver
      cells at 24 hours after partial hepatectomy were more enhanced in splenectomized
      group than in non-splenectomized one. Thymidine kinase activity of the
      regenerating liver at 24 hours after partial hepatectomy in splenectomized rats
      was significantly higher than those in non-splenectomized rats. Both mitotic
      indices and labeling indices at 24 hours after partial hepatectomy in
      splenectomized rats were significantly higher than those in non-splenectomized
      group. The cells of mitotic stage were distributed mainly periportal area. From
      those results, it is suggested that the spleen has some inhibitory factors on
      hepatic regeneration after partial hepatectomy.

PMID- 3713690
TI  - [Management of left and right type intrahepatic stone associated with proximal
      bile duct stenosis].
AB  - Fifty-seven cases of intrahepatic stone were treated in our department from 1976
      to 1984. Fifteen cases out of them were left and right type intrahepatic stone
      associated with the proximal bile duct stenosis. Treatments and results of these
      15 cases are discussed. Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangioscopy (PTCS) was
      performed in 10 cases, post operative cholangioscopy (POC) in 7 cases. These
      cases were divided into three groups according to the treatment received. Six
      patients were treated only with cholangioscopic lithotomy (Group I). Six patients
      underwent surgical treatment after cholangioscopic lithotomy (Group II). Other 3
      patients were treated with POC (Group III). Clinical course of Group I: One
      patient died of recurrent liver abscess 5 years after PTCS. One died of another
      disease. One had suffered from empyema 5 years after PTCS, but he is doing well
      now. Other 3 patients are doing well now. Clinical course of Group II: All
      patients are doing well now. Clinical course of Group III: All patients underwent
      treatments for residual stones after POC. Good results were obtained in group II.
      Surgical treatment after cholangioscopic lithotomy is the best way for these 15
      cases. Adequate operative procedure should be applied after improving the
      patients' condition and making an accurate diagnosis of biliary tract anomalies
      by means of PTCS.

PMID- 3713691
TI  - [Acute and chronic experimental tricuspid valvular stenosis in dogs].
AB  - Acute and chronic experimental tricuspid valve stenosis was produced in 20 dogs.
      Clinical and hemodynamic alterations that resulted from severe anatomic tricuspid
      valve narrowing were surprisingly mild. In the acute stenosis studies, the normal
      tricuspid valve area of 8.2 +/- 0.3 sq cm was narrowed to less than 1.0 +/- 0.1
      sq cm with a resulting right auricle-right ventricle diastolic gradient of 3.7 +/
      0.7 mm Hg. In chronic studies, a decrease in tricuspid valve area from 7.6 sq cm
      to 1.6 +/- 0.3 sq cm produced a diastolic gradient of 1.8 +/- 0.2 mm Hg. After 60
      days, overt signs of right-sided failure (pleural effusions and ascites) were
      absent, and histological evidence of passive congestion (liver and spleen) was
      not recognized. The splanchnic vascular beds appear to act as excellent buffers
      against increases in right-sided cardiac pressure. We conclude that isolated
      narrowing of the tricuspid valve must be very severe to cause notable clinical
      and hemodynamic changes.

PMID- 3713692
TI  - [Congenital subclavian steal syndrome: a case of right aortic arch with atretic
      aberrant left subclavian artery].
AB  - Surgical experience of a rare case of congenital subclavian steal syndrome is
      reported. A 53 year old man was admitted to our hospital complaining of black out
      attack and headache. Non invasive and angiographic studies revealed the
      subclavian steal associated with right aortic arch and atretic aberrant left
      subclavian artery. Through the supraclavicular incision, the direct anastomosis
      of the left common carotid and subclavian artery was performed. Postoperative
      angiograms showed a perfect reconstruction of the left subclavian artery and the
      disappearance of the subclavian steal and about on third amount of the complaints
      are still remained. Concerning a review of the literatures, several problems are
      discussed.

PMID- 3713693
TI  - [Study of local chemotherapy of regional lymph nodes in patients with breast
      cancer using activated carbon adsorbing adriamycin].

PMID- 3713694
TI  - [Management of malignant ascites with a streptococcal preparation, OK-432:
      induction of growth inhibition factor(s) against tumor cells].

PMID- 3713695
TI  - [Experimental and clinical studies on esophageal hemodynamics in the Sugiura
      procedure].
AB  - Changes of esophageal hemodynamics in Sugiura procedure were studied. Fifty
      mongrel dogs were used for the experiment in which esophageal tissue blood flow
      and oxygen saturation (STO2) were measured. The above parameters showed a
      decrease of 56% and 10%, respectively, in the lower esophagus following the
      paraesophageal devascularization versus 18% and 8% after the esophageal
      transection. Eighty-six patients with esophageal varices were clinically studied.
      Significant decreasing of the STO2 level in abdominal esophagus was recognized in
      the group performed the paraesophago-gastric devascularization, compared with the
      group performed the paraesophageal devascularization. However, decreasing rate
      was similar at the level of the hiatus in both groups, 22% versus 21%. The STO2
      level of the intrathoracic esophagus was lower in both groups as well. Thus, the
      paragastric devascularization appeared to have caused no effect on intrathoracic
      esophageal hemodynamics. A significant decrease of the STO2 level was noted in
      the region immediately below the site of the esophageal transection in a group
      performed the paraesophago-gastric devascularization. Since this was conceivably
      attributable to the blockage of esophageal blood flow on the oral side, it may be
      advisable to perform the esophageal transection a little below the level of the
      hiatus after the paraesophago-gastric devascularization.

PMID- 3713696
TI  - [Experimental and clinical studies on the viability of the stomach roll for
      esophageal reconstruction].
AB  - One of major complications following esophageal reconstruction is anastomotic
      leakage. It is concerned with suppression of oxygen supply to the stomach roll
      used for esophageal reconstruction. This study was performed for the purpose of
      evaluation of oxygen supply to the stomach roll under various circumstances by
      the measurement of tissue oxygen tension (PtO2) using micro-electrode. PtO2
      within muscle layer of normal stomach was 60 mmHg, and that of stomach roll
      revealed 58% of normal stomach in dog. The decline of PtO2 resulted from
      suppression of arterial feeding rather than venous congestion. PtO2 in the
      stomach roll was reduced in hypoxemic condition by decreasing inspired oxygen
      tension, and did not rise in hyperoxemic condition in dog. PtO2 in the stomach
      roll was measured in 19 human cases daily until the 7th post-operative day. It
      was unstable for the early post-operative days, and anastomotic leakage occurred
      in the cases of which PtO2 revealed under 30 mmHg for the first 5 days. Therefore
      respiratory and hemodynamic control should be strictly performed for this period
      to prevent leakage from anastomosis.

PMID- 3713697
TI  - [Experimental study on acute ulceration in association with obstructive jaundice-
      with special reference to the effect of biliary drainage on gastric mucosal blood
      flow and energy kinetics].
AB  - The mechanism of acute ulceration in association with obstructive jaundice was
      studied experimentally by measurement of gastric mucosal blood flow and energy
      kinetics. The effect of biliary drainage was also evaluated. Three hundred thirty
      nine SD male rats weighing about 250 gr were grouped as follows; control group-
      Sham operation, obstructive jaundice group-2 weeks after ligation and dissection
      of the choledochus, and biliary drainage group-- A silicone tube was inserted and
      opened after 2 weeks of obstructive jaundice. All the animals were stressed by
      water immersion and ulcer index, gastric mucosal blood flow, gastric mucosal
      energy kinetics and liver function were assessed. The obstructive jaundice group
      showed significant higher ulcer index and lower gastric mucosal blood flow and
      energy kinetics than the control group. These factors of the biliary drainage
      group started to improve soon after biliary drainage and reached to the levels of
      the control group. In conclusion, reduction of defensive factors caused by
      jaundice was proved to play an important role in acute ulceration associating
      obstructive jaundice. Biliary drainage improves both gastric mucosal blood flow
      and gastric mucosal energy kinetics so that it is preventive against acute
      ulceration.

PMID- 3713699
TI  - [Surgical treatment of chronic constipation with megarectum in children].
AB  - In this paper, a new operative procedure for patients with chronic constipation
      with megarectum and its results are presented. Nine cases of idiopathic chronic
      constipation and one case of short aganglionosis showing megarectum underwent
      this operation. An incision was placed on the dentate line at 6 o'clock and the
      internal sphincter muscle was identified. The incision was extended to this
      muscle. The blunt division between the internal and external sphincter muscles
      was orally advanced 5 cm from the dentate line. The all layers of anus and lower
      part of rectum in length of 5 cm were clamped by 2 forceps in width of 1 cm. The
      mucosal and muscular layers were bilaterally cut in the outer side of the
      forceps. The rectum on the top of the forceps was pulled through to the dentate
      line and was anastomosed there; i.e. the posterior part of the anus was replaced
      by the rectal wall. Bowel habits of operated patients were evaluated at 1 to 3
      years after the operation. Complete cure was obtained in 7 cases (including 1
      case with aganglionosis). Three cases improved but needed sometimes
      suppositories. This procedure, sphinctero-myectomy and-plasty may be an operation
      of choice for chronic constipation with megarectum.

PMID- 3713698
TI  - [Study of the histogenesis and effect of vagotomy during gastric carcinogenesis
      by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in rats--with special reference to
      atypical lesions].
AB  - In an attempt to elucidate histogenesis of stomach cancer, quantitative analysis
      and measurement of DNA contents of various atypical lesions were sequentially
      made in the process of gastric carcinogenesis of Wistar strain of rats. Along
      with this, the effect of vagotomy on the development of atypical or neoplastic
      lesions were studied. A variety of focal lesions in the glandular stomach were
      seen in the middle or 4 and 12 weeks after the oral administration of N-methyl-N'
      nitrosoguanidine (MNNG, 83 mg/l in drinking water) for 25 weeks. Both upward and
      downward growth was found in the intramucosal atypical lesions as well as frank
      carcinoma; the former lesions were histologically classified into 3 (Type I--Type
      III). On the basis of DNA distribution pattern, Type III lesions were considered
      to be intramucosal carcinoma and Type II to include precancerous state in some
      instances. In a group of rats vagotomized 1 week prior to the start of MNNG
      administration, there were significantly more lesions than in a group of MNNG
      alone. In contrast to the latter group which developed lesions in an uniform
      distribution pattern along the lesser curvature in the pyloric region, lesions in
      the former were characterized by random distribution pattern.

PMID- 3713700
TI  - [Histopathological studies on congenital dilatation of the bile duct--with
      special reference to the regurgitation of pancreatic juice into the bile duct].
AB  - Clinical and experimental studies on congenital dilatation of the bile duct
      (CDBD) were performed histologically as related to the regurgitation of
      pancreatic juice into the biliary tract. In all of the 40 patients, resected bile
      duct showed two characteristic findings such as grandular formation near the
      epithelial layfer with inflammatory cell infiltration and thickening of the wall
      occupied with increased collagen fibers. Twenty two of 26 patients (84.6%) who
      had abdominal pain showed both findings and 11 of 15 cases (73.3%) who had
      jaundice showed only thickening of the wall (p less than 0.01). Total bilirubin
      and alkaline phosphatase levels in serum were higher in latter patients and
      amylase level in bile was higher in the former (p less than 0.05). Grandular
      formation was shown in all of the 9 patients of which bile duct dilated
      cylindrically. A canine model in which total pancreatic juice passed via intact
      common bile duct was made in 10 mongrel dogs. Common bile duct showed cylindrical
      dilatation and grandular formation with inflammatory cell infiltration
      histologically. In conclusion, regurgitation of pancreatic juice into the bile
      duct was thought to take part in grandular formation with inflammatory cell
      infiltration shown in CDBD.

PMID- 3713701
TI  - [Reevaluation of the surgical treatment of thyroid nodules diagnosed as cancer
      postoperatively].
AB  - Reevaluation was carried out on the surgical treatment for clinically benign
      thyroid nodules. One hundred and thirty-seven patients underwent conservative
      resections of the thyroid because of preoperative impression of benign nodules at
      the First Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Hospital from 1970 to 1984.
      Permanent paraffin sections of the resected specimen revealed that the nodules in
      4 patients were intrathyroidal cancer (3 papillary and 1 follicular) and the
      nodules in the other 8 patients were associated with an unsuspected small (3
      approximately 15 mm) thyroid cancer. All those patients underwent either
      lobectomy or subtotal thyroidectomy at the initial surgery except for one patient
      in whom enucleation was performed. No further intervention was carried out when
      the definitive diagnosis was made, except for one patient in whom the enucleation
      was followed by lobectomy. No neck dissection was attempted in all of them.
      Patients have been living and well without evidence of recurrence for 3 to 11
      years and one died of unrelated disease. From these results, it is recommended
      that lobectomy is the least requirement in treating clinically benign nodule and
      that, when paraffin section reveals the tumor is intrathyroidal cancer, no
      further surgery is justified unless there are other foci of cancer in the
      resected lobe.

PMID- 3713702
TI  - Anesthetics release unfreezable and bound water in partially hydrated
      phospholipid lamellar systems and elevate phase transition temperature.
AB  - A dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine multilamellar system with varied water content
      was prepared by dessiccating sonicated vesicles in vacuo. The water content in
      the sample was determined by gas chromatography after dissolving the
      multilamellar system in water-free benzene. Differential scanning
      microcalorimetry revealed several endothermic peaks in the heating scan at
      subzero temperature, ranging from -25 to -3 degrees. The peaks that appeared in
      the subzero temperature range indicate the existence of water molecules bound to
      the lipid head groups, differing from free water that freezes at 0 degrees. The
      difference between the amount of water molecules that froze in calorimetry and
      the total amount of water detected by gas chromatography indicates the presence
      of unfreezable, tightly bound water molecules. The relative amount of free,
      intermediate, and unfreezable water was estimated by comparing the differential
      scanning microcalorimetry data with gas chromatography measurements. The addition
      of halothane and 1-hexanol significantly decreased the intermediately bound water
      peaks. The anesthetics dehydrated the lamellar system. The phase polymorphism of
      partially hydrated phospholipid multilayers is well known, and the temperature
      that corresponds to the main phase transition of fully hydrated lipid membranes
      shifts to a higher temperature. The addition of anesthetics increased the phase
      transition temperature when the water content was less than 18 wt%. This result
      is the complete reverse of the depressant action of anesthetics in fully hydrated
      lipid membranes. The present anesthetic effect upon the elevation of the
      transition temperature is apparently caused by anesthetic-induced dehydration of
      the lipid-water interface at the present experimental condition.

PMID- 3713703
TI  - Hydrolysis of organic sulfates in periportal and pericentral regions of the liver
      lobule: studies with 4-methylumbelliferyl sulfate in the perfused rat liver.
AB  - The hydrolysis of 4-methylumbelliferyl sulfate by liver sulfatases to free
      fluorescent 4-methylumbelliferone and the subsequent formation of the glucuronide
      conjugate were studied in the isolated perfused rat liver. In livers from fed,
      phenobarbital-treated rats, 4-methylumbelliferyl sulfate (0.25-1.5 mM) was
      hydrolyzed rapidly to free 4-methylumbelliferone at maximal rates of about 5
      mumol/g/hr. A major fraction of the free 4-methylumbelliferone formed was
      converted to the glucuronide at maximal rates around 20 mumol/g/hr. Similar rates
      of hydrolysis were observed in livers from fasted, phenobarbital-treated or
      normal rats, although the ratio of glucuronide to free product was decreased
      markedly by fasting. In liver homogenates, however, rates of organic sulfate
      hydrolysis exceeded those observed in the perfused liver by at least 2-fold,
      suggesting that 4-methylumbelliferyl sulfate content is an important determinant
      of rates of hydrolysis in the perfused liver. There was a good correlation (r =
      0.91) between rates of product formation and fluorescence of 4
      methylumbelliferone detected from the liver surface with fiber optic light
      guides. Fluorescence of 4-methylumbelliferone produced from hydrolysis of 4
      methylumbelliferyl sulfate was also monitored with micro-light guides placed on
      periportal and pericentral areas of the liver lobule for the estimation of local
      rates of product formation. When perfusions were in the anterograde direction,
      desulfation of 4-methylumbelliferyl sulfate was about 50% higher in pericentral
      (28.8 +/- 9.3 mumol/g/hr) than in periportal (18.2 +/- 2.7 mumol/g/hr) areas.
      Furthermore, 4-methylumbelliferyl sulfate content determined in microdissected
      samples was 1.5- to 2-fold higher in pericentral than in periportal regions of
      the liver lobule but the activity of 4-methylumbelliferyl sulfate sulfatase was
      identical in both zones of the liver lobule. We conclude, therefore, that the
      local substrate content is an important determinant of rates of 4
      methylumbelliferyl sulfate hydrolysis in sublobular zones of the liver.

PMID- 3713704
TI  - Characterization of DNA lesions induced by CaCrO4 in synchronous and asynchronous
      cultured mammalian cells.
AB  - Alkaline elution studies demonstrated CaCrO4-induced DNA single strand breaks and
      DNA-protein crosslinks. DNA single strand breaks increased following treatment
      with 10-400 microM CaCrO4 in Chinese hamster ovary cells maintained with a
      minimal salts/glucose medium. DNA single strand breaks were rapidly repaired when
      extracellular CaCrO4 was removed even following exposure levels of CaCrO4 (200
      microM for 2 hr) which reduced survival to 0.6%. Under these exposure conditions
      the trypan blue exclusion was greater than 80%, whereas cell growth was inhibited
      by 46% within 24 hr. The DNA-protein crosslinks induced by 10 microM CaCrO4 were
      repaired in the absence of metal within 24 hr. In contrast, the amount of DNA
      protein crosslinks measured 24 hr after a 2-hr treatment with 50, 100, and 200
      microM CaCrO4 remained unchanged at the 50 microM level or increased at the two
      higher concentrations. Thus, at concentrations of 50 microM or greater there was
      no repair of the DNA protein crosslinks, and this may have been due to
      cytotoxicity of the metal. CaCrO4 at 10 or 25 microM exposure for 6 hr also
      induced DNA-protein crosslinking in Chinese hamster ovary cells maintained in
      normal tissue culture growth media. The lack of repair of DNA-protein crosslinks
      at the 25 microM level, which did not substantially reduce cell survival,
      indicated the persistence of these lesions in a noncytotoxic form. Uptake of
      CaCrO4 was linear with all of the concentrations tested. Analysis of the cell
      cycle sensitivity to CaCrO4 revealed that cells in early S phase were the most
      sensitive to the cytotoxic and strand breaking activity of CaCrO4. Compared with
      other phases of the cell cycle, there was also an elevated level of DNA-protein
      crosslinks when cells were treated in early S phase and incubated 24 hr without
      CaCrO4. These results implicate the DNA-protein crosslink as an important lesion
      that may be responsible for the cytotoxic and carcinogenic properties of
      chromate.

PMID- 3713705
TI  - 5-Fluorouracil augmentation of dihydrofolate reductase gene transcripts
      containing intervening sequences in methotrexate-resistant KB cells.
AB  - Several fragments of the human dihydrofolate reductase gene (tetrahydrofolate
      dehydrogenase, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate NADP+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.5.1.3) were
      isolated from gene-amplified KB7B cells and characterized. Recombinant plasmids
      containing intron sequences were constructed. Probes prepared from these plasmids
      were tested for dihydrofolate reductase precursor mRNA specificity via solution
      hybridization studies and Northern blot analysis. One probe, p0.69EH, was shown
      to be specific for dihydrofolate reductase RNA by its greatly enhanced level of
      hybridization with total RNA from dihydrofolate reductase gene-amplified versus
      non-amplified cells. In addition, solution hybridization studies with various
      classes of RNA and Northern blot analysis revealed that p0.69EH hybridizes
      predominantly with polyadenylated, high molecular weight, nuclear RNA species.
      Subsequent solution hybridization studies revealed a disproportionate 5
      fluorouracil-induced increase in dihydrofolate reductase intron-containing RNA
      over dihydrofolate reductase mRNA. These results suggest that 5-fluorouracil
      incorporation into RNA may inhibit the conversion of precursor mRNA to mature
      mRNA.

PMID- 3713706
TI  - Location of a polypeptide sequence within the alpha-subunit of the acetylcholine
      receptor containing the cholinergic binding site.
AB  - Proteolytic fragments of the alpha-subunit of the acetylcholine receptor of
      Torpedo electric organ were generated by digestion with Staphylococcus aureus V8
      protease, and their ability to bind alpha-bungarotoxin was assessed following
      resolution on polyacrylamide gels and transfer to nitrocellulose. The position of
      the smallest fragment (Mr = 17,000) with toxin-binding activity was located
      within the primary sequence of the alpha-subunit by isolation and chemical
      characterization. The amino acid sequence at its amino terminus is Val-Asn-Gln
      Ile-Val-Glu, which is identical to a unique sequence on the alpha-subunit
      beginning at Val 46. Based on considerations of the apparent molecular weight of
      this polypeptide fragment, the enzyme specificity of V8 protease, analysis of the
      partial amino acid composition, and the position of various identifying landmarks
      of the primary sequence of the alpha-subunit, the carboxy terminus is restricted
      to an acidic amino acid residue between Asp 152 and Asp 180. The apparent
      affinities of the 17-kDa polypeptide for alpha-bungarotoxin (IC50 = 100 nM) and d
      tubocurarine (IC50 = 0.4 mM) were not significantly different from the values
      obtained for the undigested alpha-subunit, suggesting that the 17-kDa polypeptide
      contains all of the essential elements present on the alpha-subunit that are
      necessary for the binding of both of these cholinergic ligands. A second toxin
      binding fragment (Mr = 19,000) was also identified. Although the amino terminus
      of this polypeptide fragment has not been determined directly, its position
      relative to Asn 141, the site of N-glycosylation, was established, and it appears
      that its amino terminus cannot be located any closer to the amino terminus of the
      alpha-subunit than Asp 152. If this tentative assignment is correct, then the
      region of the alpha-subunit involved in binding cholinergic ligands is more
      closely defined as occurring within the segment of the primary sequence of the
      alpha-subunit that the 17- and 19-kDa polypeptide fragments have in common, i.e.,
      an overlapping sequence maximally bounded by Asp 152 and Asp 180.

PMID- 3713707
TI  - Enzymes and pathways of glucose utilization in bovine adrenal medulla.
AB  - Glucose utilization by different metabolic pathways in bovine adrenal medulla has
      been studied using freshly isolated adrenal chromaffin cells. The rate of net
      glucose utilization in resting cells was 10.5 mumoles X g-1 X h-1. 50% was
      transformed into lactate and pyruvate, the lactate to pyruvate ratio ranging from
      3 to 7.27% was metabolized through the tricarboxylic acid cycle and 3.1% was
      oxidized in the pentose phosphate pathway. The ratio of 14CO2 production from [1
      14C] glucose and [6-14C] glucose was close to 2 at one hour of incubation. 3.2%
      of total glucose consumed was used in protein synthesis, and 1% was incorporated
      into lipids. Oxygen utilization in respiration by isolated adrenal chromaffin
      cells was 18.2 mumoles X g-1 X h-1, corresponding to 3.1 mumoles glucose X g-1 X
      h-1 or about 30% of total glucose consumed. The activities of hexokinase,
      enolase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose 6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase were assayed in extracts of
      bovine adrenal medulla, being 1.0, 23, 40, 37, 6.0 and 3.0 U/g respectively.
      Hexokinase activity was identified as belonging mainly to isoenzyme I, with some
      isoenzyme II. Enolase was predominantly the alpha gamma hybrid. Pyruvate kinase
      activity corresponded to a mixture of isoenzymes K and M. Lactate dehydrogenase
      activity corresponded to isoenzymes 1, 2 and 3, with smaller proportions of
      isoenzymes 4 and 5. Results are discussed mainly with respect to those reported
      for the brain.

PMID- 3713708
TI  - An examination of the structural and biological properties of three intravenous
      immunoglobulin preparations.
AB  - Three commercial preparations of immunoglobulin G prepared for administration by
      the i.v. route were tested for their physical integrity and in vitro biological
      activity. Size exclusion chromatography by HPLC in native and denaturing buffers
      together with SDS-PAGE analysis were used to determine whether covalent-bond
      cleavage had occurred as a result of procedures used in their preparation. C1
      complement binding assays and measurements of competitive binding to an Fc
      receptor-bearing promonocyte cell line U937 were used to assess whether such
      changes had altered the capacity of these preparations to engage biological
      effector functions. A purified IgG1 myeloma protein was used as a reference
      standard. WinRho, an unmodified IgG, consisted almost wholly of monomeric IgG by
      HPLC size exclusion and showed no evidence of proteolytic fragments in denaturing
      buffers or on SDS-PAGE. Sandoglobulin, a product treated at pH 4 with pepsin,
      contained about 10% dimeric protein and, as revealed under denaturing conditions,
      about 2% fragments. Relative affinity of binding to U937 cells was similar to
      WinRho. C1 binding by Sandoglobulin showed normal activity with 50% inhibition at
      2.8 nM. Gamimune, modified by partial reduction and alkylation, contained about
      15% dimers. Between 20 and 30% of the preparation retained covalent interchain
      disulfides. Binding to U937 cells was two-fold weaker than the other preparations
      and binding to C1 was also diminished and modified. This accords well with
      previous reports of the deleterious effect of reduction and alkylation on Fc
      function.

PMID- 3713709
TI  - Analysis of the hepatobiliary transport of IgA with monoclonal anti-idiotype and
      anti-allotype antibodies.
AB  - The processing and fate of mixed immune complexes is influenced by the antibody
      isotypes present. The hepatobiliary transport of mixed immune complexes
      containing the mouse IgA myeloma protein J558 and corresponding monoclonal IgG or
      IgM anti-J558 idiotype or monoclonal IgG anti-mouse IgA allotype antibodies has
      been studied. The anti-idiotype or anti-allotype antibodies were radiolabeled and
      injected into mice with or without mouse polymeric IgA (J558). IgG anti-idiotype
      antibodies to J558 IgA were selectively transported into bile by J558 IgA. This
      process occurred with a radiolabeled Fab preparation of the IgG anti-idiotype and
      was inhibitable with IgA of an irrelevant antigenic specificity. Thus, polymeric
      IgA influenced the fate of IgA-IgG idiotype-anti-idiotype serum immune complexes.
      A monoclonal anti-idiotype antibody of the IgM isotype (D8-3) was not selectively
      transported into bile by itself or as an IgA-IgM complex. A monoclonal IgG
      antibody (CB5-6) to a mouse allotype determinant in the Fc portion of IgA was not
      selectively transported into bile. This anti-allotype monoclonal antibody
      inhibited the hepatobiliary transport of 125I-polymeric J558 IgA and therefore
      appeared to directly or indirectly block the site in the Fc region of IgA
      recognized by the hepatic receptor.

PMID- 3713710
TI  - [Lymphatic vessels in the aorta of lipofundin-treated rats].

PMID- 3713711
TI  - [Primary malignant lymphoma of the liver].

PMID- 3713712
TI  - [Formation of amniotic bands as a result of early rupture of the amniotic sac].

PMID- 3713713
TI  - [Metastatic glomerular crescent formation].

PMID- 3713714
TI  - [Technic for the differentiation of adenohypophyseal cells (acid fuchsin-light
      green staining)].

PMID- 3713715
TI  - [Light and electron microscopy study of a Buschke-Loewenstein tumor].

PMID- 3713716
TI  - [Recent studies on a lipofundin-induced arteriosclerosis model].

PMID- 3713717
TI  - [Arteriosclerosis developing in rabbits after lipofundin administration].

PMID- 3713718
TI  - Species differences in cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of phenacetin and
      paracetamol in primary monolayer cultures of hepatocytes.
AB  - The cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of phenacetin and paracetamol were examined
      in monolayer cultures of hepatocytes isolated from the mouse, hamster, rat and
      guinea pig. No marked increase in unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) after exposing
      hepatocytes from any of the species to phenacetin was observed. At cytotoxic
      concentrations of paracetamol, an increased UDS in mouse hepatocytes in vitro was
      observed. Pretreatment of the mice by inducers of drug-metabolizing enzymes, such
      as 3-methylcholanthrene and Aroclor 1254, lowered the concentration threshold for
      the toxic responses. With rat hepatocytes only a minor increase in UDS was noted,
      while with hepatocytes from hamsters and guinea pigs in fact a decrease was seen.
      The narrow range observed between the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of
      paracetamol makes it difficult to predict whether the initial DNA damage could
      lead to a mutation or whether the cells will die before the mutation is
      expressed. With respect to the cytotoxic effects, hamster hepatocytes were found
      to be most susceptible to paracetamol, followed by mouse, while rat and guinea
      pig were less affected. These data were in accordance with in vivo findings
      (Davis et al., 1974), indicating the potential value of hepatocyte culture when
      screening for possible liver toxic substances.

PMID- 3713719
TI  - Direct preparation and G-banding of chromosomes of mouse liver cells.
AB  - A method has been developed for the direct preparation and G-banding of
      chromosomes of mouse liver cells by combining the techniques of liver perfusion
      and preparation of G-banded chromosomes with partial hepatectomy and colcemid
      treatment of the animal. The results indicate that cytogenetic investigations of
      isolated preneoplastic liver cells are possible. The method offers an increased
      possibility for the use of the liver as an in vivo test system for mutagens and
      carcinogens.

PMID- 3713720
TI  - Co-cultivation of whole blood from male and female muntjacs and the cell
      proliferation kinetics in vitro.
AB  - A mixed blood culture (MBC) of heparinized whole blood from male and female
      Indian muntjac has been done using the BrdU-Hoechst-sunlight-Giemsa method to
      study the cell-cycle kinetics in vitro. Blood lymphocytes of both male and female
      muntjacs show a much shorter cell cycle time, roughly, 10-12 h for the initial
      but only 8 h for the subsequent cycles. There is a significant difference in the
      rate of cell proliferation between male and female cells. The male blood cells
      constitute a majority of the 'slow'-dividing cells which reach a peak at the
      first cycle of mitosis at 40 h, whereas a similar peak of first cycle mitosis is
      reached by female cells at 32 h, indicating the occurrence of a high frequency of
      'fast' dividing female cells as compared to those of males. This novel sex-based
      differential cell proliferation kinetics is observed both in mixed and separate
      cultures. This type of MBC method which is free of interculture variations can be
      reliably used for comparative studies where two genomes can be distinguished.

PMID- 3713721
TI  - Toxicological review of busulfan (Myleran).
AB  - Busulfan is a bifunctional alkylating agent that appears to be cytotoxic to
      slowly proliferating or non-proliferating stem cell compartments, although its
      specific molecular and cellular mechanisms are unknown. It is the drug of
      preference in treatment of chronic myelogenous or granulocytic leukemia because
      its cytotoxic activity results in primary damage or destruction of hematopoietic
      cells. Additional effects resulting from the cytotoxicity of busulfan in
      hematological and other tissues, as documented by both human and animal model
      studies, include lethality, sterility, teratogenicity, and alteration of immune
      function. Busulfan has been shown to be mutagenic to microorganisms, mammalian
      cells in culture, Drosophila, and rodents. This agent is also considered
      potentially carcinogenic to humans. Various tissue hyperplasia and preneoplastic
      cells have been observed in animal model studies with busulfan, and case reports
      on human patients implicate busulfan as the causative agent in induction of
      secondary malignancies. Reports from human and animal studies of busulfan's
      cytotoxicity, teratogenicity, carcinogenicity, and mutagenicity have been
      reviewed. This information may be useful in a quantitative assessment of the
      effects of this agent and the identification of significant deficiencies in the
      data base. Demonstration that busulfan induces mutations in both somatic and germ
      cells suggests the need to assess its risk to humans.

PMID- 3713722
TI  - Chromosome aberrations induced by 9-aminoacridine derivatives.
AB  - The induction of chromosomal aberrations by 5 derivatives of nitro-9
      aminoacridine in V79 Chinese hamster cells was observed. The clastogenic activity
      of the compounds tested depended on the position of the NO2 group in the acridine
      ring. The strongest clastogens were derivatives with NO2 in position 1. The
      remaining derivatives placed in decreasing order of clastogenic activity were: 3
      nitro, 4-nitro and 2-nitro. In addition, 2-nitro and 3-nitro derivatives produced
      hyperdiploid/polyploid metaphases.

PMID- 3713723
TI  - No increase in sister-chromatid exchange frequency in lymphocytes of chromium
      platers.
AB  - To detect mutagenic effects of hexavalent chromium (Cr) in vivo, sister-chromatid
      exchange (SCE) frequency was analyzed in lymphocytes of 24 Cr platers
      occupationally exposed to hexavalent Cr and 24 matched controls. There were no
      significant differences in SCE frequency between the two groups. Smokers, both Cr
      platers and controls, had a significantly higher SCE frequency than non-smokers.

PMID- 3713724
TI  - Analysis of chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes of long-term heavy smokers.
AB  - We assessed the incidence of structural chromosome aberrations in 500 diploid
      first-division metaphases from 48-h lymphocyte cultures from each of 6 non
      smokers and from 6 persons who had smoked a minimum of 1 pack of cigarettes per
      day for at least 20 years. Cytogenetic analyses of coded slides revealed a single
      dicentric chromosome with its accompanying fragment and two symmetrical chromatid
      exchanges in 3000 metaphases from the non-smokers. In contrast, 9 dicentric
      chromosomes, 8 translocations or inversions, and 7 chromatid exchanges were
      observed in 3000 metaphases from lymphocyte cultures from the 6 heavy smokers. A
      total of 13 metaphases having chromosome-type inter- or intra-changes was noted
      including 9 with a single aberration, and 4 with 2 or more. Our findings provide
      additional evidence of the in vivo clastogenicity of cigarette smoke in long-term
      heavy smokers, and further demonstrate that the distribution of chromosome-type
      exchange aberrations is overdispersed relative to that expected based on Poisson
      assumptions.

PMID- 3713725
TI  - Mouse specific-locus test for the induction of heritable gene mutations by
      dibromochloropropane (DBCP).
AB  - The nematocide DBCP (1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane) produced negative results in a
      specific-locus test for gene-mutation induction in the germline of male (101 X
      C3H)F1 mice, most of which were treated with 5 daily intraperitoneal injections
      of 80 mg/kg (total exposure, 400 mg/kg); a few received lower exposures. For
      treated spermatogonial stem cells, the finding of 2 mutations among 39519
      offspring--a rate almost identical to the control rate--rules out (at the 5%
      significance level) an induced mutation frequency greater than 2.0 times the
      historical control rate. From treated poststem-cell stages, no mutants were found
      among 6240 offspring, ruling out (at the 5% significance level) a multiple of 8.0
      times the control for these cell types. A multiple rearrangement (7 chromosomes
      involved in 3 translocations) found in one of the mutants probably arose as a
      postmeiotic event not associated with the DBCP treatment. The fertility of DBCP
      treated males was not disturbed, in keeping with the absence of germ-cell
      toxicity and dominant lethals found by other investigators in these mice, and in
      contrast to results in certain other species. While the treated (101 X C3H)F1
      mice are Ah-responsive, other findings make it questionable whether
      biotransformation of DBCP to reactive intermediates is accomplished via the Ah
      receptor system.

PMID- 3713726
TI  - A case for the continued use of the intraperitoneal route of exposure.

PMID- 3713727
TI  - Relationships between induction of anesthesia and mitotic spindle disturbances
      studied by means of principal component analysis.
AB  - A dataset comprising the activity of 30 compounds in 4 biological tests-
      anesthesia of tadpoles, anesthesia of frog heart, abnormal growth and spindle
      disturbances in Allium root tips--was re-evaluated by means of principal
      component analysis. A two-component model is required to explain the variation in
      biological activity of the compounds. It is found that abnormal growth is
      different from the other biological responses. When this test is excluded, as
      much as 90% of the variation is explained by a one-component model, the
      determining factor most probably being the lipophilic character of the compounds.
      Mammalian mitotic cells respond in a similar way to mitotic cells of Allium root
      tips. It is suggested that possible regularities in the dose-response
      relationships for anesthesia, teratogenic effects and generation of abnormal
      chromosome numbers require further exploration.

PMID- 3713728
TI  - Folic acid and chromosome breakage. IV. Variance estimates from longitudinal
      studies of normal individuals and their implications for sample size and power to
      detect differences between populations.
AB  - The frequency of chromosome aberrations was studied in minimal essential medium
      (MEM) with and without folic acid (FA) in lymphocytes of 4 normal individuals,
      each sampled 12 times over a 1-year period. The cells cultured without FA had
      significantly more breaks and gaps. In both media about 75% of aberrations were
      classified as gaps. Calculations based on variance estimates suggest that the use
      of medium without FA could enhance the statistical power to distinguish
      differences in proportions of chromosome breakage between groups in the same
      study.

PMID- 3713729
TI  - 3-Aminobenzamide does not affect X-ray-induced cytogenetic damage in G0 human
      lymphocytes.
AB  - The inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase by 3-aminobenzamide (3AB) has been
      reported to have very different effects on X-ray-induced chromosome aberrations
      in G0 human lymphocytes. One group of investigators observed a 2-3-fold increase
      in the yield of rings, dicentrics and chromosome breaks after X-irradiation and
      3AB treatment, whereas another group found that 3AB had no effect on X-ray
      induced chromosome aberrations. To resolve this discrepancy, we repeated the
      experiments as described by both groups and found no effect of 3 mM or 5 mM 3AB
      on the frequency of chromosome aberrations induced by either 1 Gy or 2 Gy of X
      rays. Furthermore, we found no effect of 3AB on X-ray-induced aberration yields
      in C-banded prematurely condensed chromosome preparations from unstimulated human
      lymphocytes. These results indicate that poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase is not
      involved in the repair of cytogenetic damage in G0 human lymphocytes.

PMID- 3713730
TI  - An in vitro and in vivo study on mutagenic activity of fluoranthene: comparison
      between cytogenetic studies and HPLC analysis.
AB  - The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, fluoranthene (FT), has been shown to induce
      SCEs in vitro in CHO cells in the presence of metabolic activation. Negative
      results were obtained in vivo in mice. The HPLC analysis performed to investigate
      the presence of metabolites of FT both in the serum of treated mice and in
      culture medium of CHO cells confirmed some differences between in vitro and in
      vivo metabolism.

PMID- 3713731
TI  - Sister-chromatid exchanges in lymphocytes of anatomy students exposed to
      formaldehyde-embalming solution.
AB  - Sister-chromatid exchanges measured in the peripheral lymphocytes of 8 non
      smoking persons after exposure to formaldehyde-embalming solution during a 10
      week anatomy class showed a small (P = 0.02) average increase when compared with
      samples obtained from the same individuals immediately before exposure began.
      Breathing-zone air samples collected during dissection procedures showed a mean
      concentration of 1.2 ppm (1.5 mg/m3) formaldehyde.

PMID- 3713732
TI  - Mutagenicity of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) in the mouse spot test.
AB  - The spot test with 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) was carried out using male
      PW and female C57BL/6 mice. DBCP induced recessive colour spots in offspring with
      a significantly high frequency of 2.9%, showing that this chemical is mutagenic
      for somatic cells of mice in vivo.

PMID- 3713733
TI  - Genotoxicity of gamma-irradiation in L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells.
AB  - The ability of gamma-irradiation to induce gene mutation at the thymidine kinase
      locus and gross chromosome aberrations in L5178Y TK+/- 3.7.2C mouse lymphoma
      cells was evaluated. Positive results were obtained for both end-points. The
      majority of mutants were found to be small-colony mutants which correlated with
      the induction of gross chromosome aberrations.

PMID- 3713734
TI  - Nuclear aberrations and loss of synaptonemal complexes in response to
      diethylstilbestrol (DES) in Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodites.
AB  - In Caenorhabditis elegans, loss of viability and fertility is observed after
      treatment with DES. The decrease in life span is associated with senescent
      morphology of meiotic prophase nuclei, such that nuclei from young and old
      specimens cannot be differentiated. Aging in oocytes at the pachytene stage of
      meiotic prophase is manifested by nucleo-cytoplasmic aberrations, increased
      density of the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm and decrease in numbers of mitochondria.
      Increasing concentrations of DES are characterized by concomitant decrease in
      fertility and increased production of abnormal gametes. At DES concentrations
      higher than 1.25 micrograms/ml, synaptonemal complexes (SC) are absent from the
      nuclei, thus, effective pairing and segregation of homologous chromosomes is not
      possible. The absence of SCs may be the result of: a premeiotic colchicine-like
      effect that influences pairing of chromosomes; changes in the structure of the
      DNA due to DES binding that results in changes in expression of the DNA; and
      changes in temporal DNA synthesis in response to DES. Since the SC is essential
      for regulating pairing and subsequent separation of bivalents, the lack of an SC
      explains the loss of fertility, due to the production of unbalanced gametes,
      observed in DES-treated specimens.

PMID- 3713735
TI  - Muscle stiffness and electrical activity in paramyotonia congenita.
AB  - To investigate the pathomechanism of paramyotonic stiffness, the mechanogram of
      isometric finger force and the electromyogram of the flexor digitorum muscle were
      simultaneously recorded in five unrelated paramyotonia congenita patients.
      Cooling of the forearm provoked "spontaneous" electrical activity, but the
      accompanying force was less than 5% of the maximal voluntary isometric
      contraction amplitude. The relaxation of maximal voluntary contractions executed
      in the cold had a normal first phase and a very slow second phase. The force
      amplitude at the beginning of the slow phase was up to 80% of the maximal
      contraction amplitude; the duration of the slow phase was up to several minutes.
      It was concluded that the slowed muscle relaxation is more important as a factor
      contributing to paramyotonic stiffness than spontaneous force generation.
      Involuntary electrical activity recorded during the slow relaxation phase was too
      low to account for the force. Intercostal muscle biopsies obtained from four
      patients showed similar phases of slow relaxation when stimulated to give
      isometric twitches or tetani in the cold. Extracellular recording with electrodes
      designed to pick up all activity from the small bundles clearly showed that the
      slow relaxation phase was not caused by spontaneous action potentials. One
      possible explanation for the slowed relaxation is a long-lasting depolarization
      induced contracture of the muscle fibers following activation in the cold.

PMID- 3713736
TI  - The contribution of median-ulnar communications in diagnosis of mild carpal
      tunnel syndrome.
AB  - In six patients with characteristic symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome,
      electrophysiologic studies were normal, except for an initial positive deflection
      of the thenar muscle action potential with median nerve stimulation at the elbow
      but not at the wrist. This phenomenon is only seen with coexistent carpal tunnel
      syndrome and median to ulnar nerve communication and suggests carpal tunnel
      syndrome is present in these patients. As normal electrophysiologic studies occur
      in carpal tunnel syndrome (up to 8%) and median to ulnar communications are
      common (15%-31%), this observed finding is of practical clinical importance in
      the diagnosis of mild carpal tunnel syndrome despite otherwise normal
      electrophysiologic studies.

PMID- 3713737
TI  - Correlation of 1a afferent conduction with the ataxia of Fisher syndrome.
AB  - The pathophysiology of the ataxia in Fisher syndrome (the syndrome of acute
      ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and areflexia) has been attributed to both peripheral
      nervous system pathology and cerebellar system dysfunction. Pathologic studies
      have demonstrated no consistent central nervous system abnormalities. We present
      a case in which abnormalities of 1a sensory conduction were found to correlate
      directly with the degree of ataxia, without impairment of motor or cutaneous
      sensory conduction. We propose that the ataxia seen in typical Fisher syndrome
      may be due to demyelination of 1a afferent fibers.

PMID- 3713738
TI  - A mathematical analysis of creatine kinase activity in the course of Duchenne
      muscular dystrophy.
AB  - Recently, clinical follow-up studies have shown that the age of first symptoms
      and the speed of progress may vary considerably in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
      (DMD). Prognostic factors would be of interest not only for the patients
      themselves, but also for the selection of DMD patients for therapeutic studies.
      Creatine kinase (CK) activity reflects the dystrophic degeneration of the muscle
      cells. Therefore, the coherence of the course of CK activity and its relationship
      to the clinical state was investigated with the aid of a heuristic mathematical
      formula. Two constants were calculated, b and c. The data of 88 DMD patients
      proved the validity of the mathematical formula. Constant b seemed to be of no
      clinical relevance. The height of constant c was related to the age at which the
      ability to walk was lost (r = -0.76). This constant provides an objective
      individual assessment of the prognosis in DMD. In addition, the mathematical
      analysis of the CK course opens the way for a prospective CK estimation, which is
      relevant for the evaluation of therapeutic trials.

PMID- 3713739
TI  - Treatment of hypersomnolence in myotonic dystrophy with a CNS stimulant.
AB  - A 42-year-old man with myotonic dystrophy developed severe hypersomnolence during
      the year prior to admission for acute respiratory insufficiency. However, his
      hypersomnolence could be attributed to a central dysfunction, and during a follow
      up period of 3 years, was successfully treated with methylphenidate.

PMID- 3713740
TI  - Transient focal conduction block following experimental occlusion of the vasa
      nervorum.
AB  - Injection of low-dose arachidonic acid into the rat femoral artery occludes the
      vasa nervorum of the tibial nerve and produces focal and generalized ischemia
      with transient effects on nerve conduction. Across a severely ischemic segment of
      the proximal tibial nerve there is a marked fall in amplitude of the compound
      muscle action potential (CMAP), indicating focal conduction block. There is also
      significant slowing of maximal motor conduction velocity (MCV) through this nerve
      segment, but no dispersion of the proximally elicited response. Distally, in a
      region of less severe ischemia, there is mild slowing of MCV, but no further
      decrement in the CMAP amplitude. The conduction block begins 5-15 minutes after
      injection, reaches a nadir at 30 minutes, and persists in more severe cases for
      at least 2 hours. Despite these prolonged electrophysiologic abnormalities, there
      is no evidence of axonal degeneration or segmental demyelination.

PMID- 3713741
TI  - Promiscuous expression of myosin in myotonic dystrophy.
AB  - The pathologic changes in myotonic dystrophy (DM) skeletal muscle biopsies have
      been analyzed at both the histochemical and molecular level. A histochemical
      stain for pretyping single fibers in conjunction with sodium dodecyl sulphate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis allowed biochemical differences to be
      pinpointed in specific histochemical fiber types. These biochemical differences
      can be related to histochemical changes in fiber type observed in cross-section
      of the DM biopsies. Such changes included specific fiber type atrophy,
      hypertrophy, and disproportion. The pathogenesis of DM appears to be
      characterized by a large increase in the number of promiscuous fibers, that is,
      those fibers that express both fast and slow myosins. This promiscuity, which is
      rare in control muscle (less than 2%), is also prevalent at high levels in some
      family members at risk for DM. The observed promiscuity, although probably not a
      primary effect of DM, appears to be linked to the histochemical changes in fiber
      type observed in the DM biopsies.

PMID- 3713742
TI  - Drug trials in Duchenne dystrophy.

PMID- 3713743
TI  - The microbiology of foot infection.

PMID- 3713744
TI  - The role of cats and dogs in the epidemiological cycle of Microsporum canis.

PMID- 3713745
TI  - Superoxide dismutase and catalase in Toxoplasma gondii.
AB  - Catalase and superoxide dismutase detected in both RH and C strain Toxoplasma
      gondii tachyzoites were distinctly different in electrophoretic mobility from
      host cell enzymes. Catalase and superoxide dismutase activity levels were similar
      in both Toxoplasma strains and showed narrow pH optima around 8.0. Toxoplasma
      superoxide dismutase was resistant to cyanide but inhibited by azide or peroxide,
      consistent with an iron-containing enzyme typical of protozoan parasites. These
      enzymes may play a role in intracellular survival; however, they do not appear to
      be the basis for differences in virulence to mice.

PMID- 3713746
TI  - Hyponatremia, convulsions, respiratory arrest, and permanent brain damage after
      elective surgery in healthy women.
AB  - Severe hyponatremia developed after elective surgery in 15 previously healthy
      women who subsequently either died or had permanent brain damage. The mean age
      was 41 years (range, 22 to 66), and the preoperative serum sodium level was 138
      mmol per liter. All the patients recovered from anesthesia, but about 49 hours
      after surgery, when the average plasma sodium level was 108 mmol per liter, grand
      mal seizures, followed by respiratory arrest requiring intubation, developed in
      all 15. At that time, the urinary sodium level and the osmolality averaged 68
      mmol per liter and 501 mOsm per kilogram, suggesting inappropriate secretion of
      antidiuretic hormone. In 10 of 15 patients, an acute cerebral vascular disorder
      was suspected, leading to a delay in treatment and multiple diagnostic studies,
      including CT scanning, cerebral angiography, and open-brain biopsies. The net
      postoperative fluid retention was 7.5 liters, and when correction of the serum
      sodium level was initiated, the rate of correction was less than 0.7 mmol per
      liter per hour. Histologic studies of the brain in five patients were not
      diagnostic, and no patient had any evidence of central pontine myelinolysis on
      the basis of autopsy, brain biopsy, or CT scanning. Seven patients recovered from
      coma after the serum sodium level was increased to 131 mmol per liter, but coma
      recurred two to six days later and ended in either death or a persistent
      vegetative state. Overall, 27 percent of the patients died, 13 percent had limb
      paralysis, and 60 percent were left in a persistent vegetative state.

PMID- 3713747
TI  - Osmotic demyelination syndrome following correction of hyponatremia.
AB  - The treatment of hyponatremia is controversial: some authorities have cautioned
      that rapid correction causes central pontine myelinolysis, and others warn that
      severe hyponatremia has a high mortality rate unless it is corrected rapidly.
      Eight patients treated over a five-year period at our two institutions had a
      neurologic syndrome with clinical or pathological findings typical of central
      pontine myelinolysis, which developed after the patients presented with severe
      hyponatremia. Each patient's condition worsened after relatively rapid correction
      of hyponatremia (greater than 12 mmol of sodium per liter per day)--a phenomenon
      that we have called the osmotic demyelination syndrome. Five of the patients were
      treated at one hospital, and accounted for all the neurologic complications
      recorded among 60 patients with serum sodium concentrations below 116 mmol per
      liter; no patient in whom the sodium level was raised by less than 12 mmol per
      liter per day had any neurologic sequelae. Reviewing published reports on
      patients with very severe hyponatremia (serum sodium less than 106 mmol per
      liter) revealed that neurologic sequelae were associated with correction of
      hyponatremia by more than 12 mmol per liter per day; when correction proceeded
      more slowly, patients had uneventful recoveries. We suggest that the osmotic
      demyelination syndrome is a preventable complication of overly rapid correction
      of chronic hyponatremia.

PMID- 3713748
TI  - The cost implications of academic group practice. A randomized controlled trial.
AB  - We evaluated the reorganization of a general medical clinic into several group
      practices, using equivalent groups of patients and physicians in a randomized
      controlled trial. The group practice, unlike the traditional clinic, provided
      decentralized registration, clinic coverage five days a week, and telephone
      coverage at night and on weekends. Residents worked in small groups with an
      attending physician, nurse practitioner, and receptionist. All financial activity
      involving a sample of 2299 patients was followed during the 11-month
      intervention. The total hospital charges per patient were 26 percent lower for
      the patients seen in the group practice than for those seen in the traditional
      clinic (P = 0.003). This difference was primarily attributable to inpatient
      charges, which were 27 percent lower per patient hospitalized (P = 0.004). The
      mean length of stay was 8.3 days among group-practice patients and 10.5 days
      among traditional-clinic patients (P = 0.011). We conclude that organizational
      changes to improve outpatient access and to integrate inpatient and outpatient
      services can decrease medical charges.

PMID- 3713749
TI  - Protection or peril? An analysis of firearm-related deaths in the home.
AB  - To study the epidemiology of deaths involving firearms kept in the home, we
      reviewed all the gunshot deaths that occurred in King County, Washington
      (population 1,270,000), from 1978 through 1983. The medical examiner's case files
      were supplemented by police records or interviews with investigating officers or
      both, to obtain specific information about the circumstances, the scene of the
      incident, the type of firearm involved, and the relationship of the suspect to
      the victim. A total of 743 firearm-related deaths occurred during this six-year
      period, 398 of which (54 percent) occurred in the residence where the firearm was
      kept. Only 2 of these 398 deaths (0.5 percent) involved an intruder shot during
      attempted entry. Seven persons (1.8 percent) were killed in self-defense. For
      every case of self-protection homicide involving a firearm kept in the home,
      there were 1.3 accidental deaths, 4.6 criminal homicides, and 37 suicides
      involving firearms. Hand-guns were used in 70.5 percent of these deaths. The
      advisability of keeping firearms in the home for protection must be questioned.

PMID- 3713750
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 23-1986. An 80-year-old woman with anemia, elevation of the
      erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and a pelvic mass.

PMID- 3713751
TI  - Therapy of hyponatremia: does haste make waste?

PMID- 3713752
TI  - Selling surgery.

PMID- 3713753
TI  - Risk factors in children and early atherosclerosis.

PMID- 3713754
TI  - Hepatitis in pregnancy.

PMID- 3713755
TI  - Verapamil, syncope, and hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 3713756
TI  - Affirmative action in medical schools.

PMID- 3713757
TI  - Adverse-drug-reaction monitoring.

PMID- 3713758
TI  - Abnormalities of the central visual pathways in Prader-Willi syndrome associated
      with hypopigmentation.
AB  - Patients with oculocutaneous or ocular albinism have misrouting of optic fibers,
      with fibers from 20 degrees or more of the temporal retina crossing at the chiasm
      instead of projecting to the ipsilateral hemisphere. Misrouting can result in
      strabismus and nystagmus. Because patients with the Prader-Willi syndrome may
      also have hypopigmentation and strabismus, we wondered whether they too might
      have misrouting of optic fibers. We therefore studied six patients with Prader
      Willi syndrome selected for a history of strabismus, using pattern-onset visually
      evoked potentials with binocular and monocular stimulation to look for evidence
      of misrouted retinal-ganglion fibers. Four had hypopigmentation, and three of
      these four had abnormal evoked potentials indistinguishable from those recorded
      in human albinos. The two with normal pigmentation had normal responses. These
      findings indicate that patients with Prader-Willi syndrome who have
      hypopigmentation have a brain abnormality characterized by misrouting of retinal
      ganglion fibers at the optic chiasm--a finding previously reported only in forms
      of albinism.

PMID- 3713759
TI  - Commercializing university research. Lessons from the experience of the Wisconsin
      Alumni Research Foundation.
AB  - Universities that are now seeking ways to capture the financial rewards of
      advances made in biotechnology and other fields on their campuses have been
      encouraged by the apparent success of previous efforts to benefit from the
      commercial application of research findings by obtaining patents and granting
      licenses. Notable among these efforts is the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation
      (WARF). A close examination of the experience of this foundation reveals that,
      with good fortune and good management, a patenting and licensing organization can
      enjoy financial success. It also indicates, however, that the success experienced
      by WARF would be difficult to achieve today and that such efforts may yield lower
      financial returns than university administrators expect. Universities should be
      aware that such ventures entail financial risks and pose potential threats to
      traditional university values.

PMID- 3713760
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 24-1986. A 65-year-old woman with bilateral pulmonary
      infiltrates.

PMID- 3713761
TI  - Albinism and visual pathways.

PMID- 3713762
TI  - More than skin deep: transdermal drug-delivery systems.

PMID- 3713763
TI  - Increased 24-hour energy expenditure in cigarette smokers.

PMID- 3713764
TI  - Smoking as a risk factor for recurrence of sudden cardiac arrest.

PMID- 3713765
TI  - Pancreatitis following ingestion of a homeopathic preparation.

PMID- 3713766
TI  - Yersinia sepsis in patients with iron overload treated with deferoxamine.

PMID- 3713767
TI  - More on dexamethasone-induced perineal irritation.

PMID- 3713768
TI  - Association of father's drinking and infant's birth weight.

PMID- 3713769
TI  - Fire experience in health care facilities.

PMID- 3713770
TI  - Pregnancy during residency.

PMID- 3713771
TI  - Fluosol-DA as a red-cell substitute in acute anemia.
AB  - We assessed the safety and efficacy of Fluosol-DA as a red-cell substitute in
      acute anemia. Twenty-three surgical patients with blood loss and religious
      objections to receiving blood transfusions were evaluated. Fifteen moderately
      anemic patients with a mean hemoglobin level (+/- SE) of 7.2 +/- 0.5 g per
      deciliter had no evidence of a physiologic need for increased arterial oxygen
      content and did not receive Fluosol-DA. Eight severely anemic patients with a
      mean hemoglobin level of 3.0 +/- 0.4 g per deciliter met the criteria of need and
      received the drug until the physiologic need disappeared or a maximal dose of 40
      ml per kilogram of body weight was reached. We observed no adverse reactions to
      Fluosol-DA. The average peak increment in arterial oxygen content with the drug
      was only 0.7 +/- 0.1 ml per deciliter. There were no appreciable beneficial
      effects of Fluosol-DA, perhaps because of the small increase in arterial oxygen
      content, the brief half-life of the drug (24.3 +/- 4.3 hours), and the limited
      total dose. Six of the eight patients receiving Fluosol-DA died. One of the
      survivors received red-cell transfusions against his wishes, under a court order,
      after his total Fluosol-DA dose. Fourteen of the 15 moderately anemic patients
      survived. The data in this select group of patients refusing blood products
      suggest that, after blood loss, Fluosol-DA is unnecessary in moderate anemia and
      ineffective in severe anemia.

PMID- 3713772
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 25-1986. A 24-year-old woman with a three-month history of
      progressive mental deterioration.

PMID- 3713773
TI  - Antihypertensive therapy in evolution.

PMID- 3713774
TI  - Methylprednisolone in acute asthma.

PMID- 3713775
TI  - Assessment of risk after myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3713776
TI  - Recommended dietary allowances for the elderly.

PMID- 3713777
TI  - The nutritional value of canned pet food.

PMID- 3713778
TI  - Electrode detachment: a complication of the indwelling pacing Swan-Ganz catheter.

PMID- 3713779
TI  - Thymoma-induced syncope.

PMID- 3713780
TI  - Glutamate/aspartate-releasing neurons in Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 3713781
TI  - Availability to patients of health care providers' fee schedules.

PMID- 3713782
TI  - The house officer's changing world.

PMID- 3713783
TI  - Acute leukemia and cell differentiation.

PMID- 3713784
TI  - Financial incentives to physicians.

PMID- 3713785
TI  - Use of the automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator.

PMID- 3713786
TI  - Amitriptyline for intractable hiccups.

PMID- 3713787
TI  - A possible cause of hematuria in patients taking warfarin.

PMID- 3713788
TI  - Symptomatic improvement with amitriptyline in ciguatera fish poisoning.

PMID- 3713789
TI  - Intraepidermal neutrophilic IgA dermatosis.

PMID- 3713790
TI  - Case 5-1986: bronchial carcinoid tumor.

PMID- 3713791
TI  - Case 6-1986: pheochromocytoma.

PMID- 3713792
TI  - Minority students in U.S. medical schools.

PMID- 3713793
TI  - Fungi on the hair of large mammals in Egypt.
AB  - The frequency of occurrence of fungi in 260 hair samples of dog, donkey and cow
      collected from Veterinary Medicine Hospital of Assiut University was determined.
      Twenty-three species which belong to fifteen genera were collected. In low
      frequency, several dermatophytes (Chrysosporium, Microsporum, Arthroderma and
      Trichophyton) were found as well as some other fungal species pathogenic to man
      and animals (Aspergillus fumigatus, Stachybotrys chartarum, Scopulariopsis
      brevicaulis and Cephalosporium acremonium).

PMID- 3713794
TI  - Multicenter study of dermatophyte distribution in the metropolitan area of
      Barcelona (Catalonia, Spain).
AB  - The results of a multicenter study on the distribution of dermatophyte species in
      the metropolitan area of Barcelona (Spain) are presented. In the period 1977
      1983, 638 dermatophyte strains were isolated from tineas by three different
      mycological laboratories. Zoophilic strains were prevalent comprising 64.4% of
      the isolates. T. mentagrophytes var. granulosum was isolated in 51% of the cases.
      A significant drop in the prevalence of T. tonsurans and T. violaceum was noted.
      Important variations were observed in dermatophyte distribution in relation to
      other geographical areas of Spain.

PMID- 3713795
TI  - Value of serum arabinitol for the management of Candida infections in clinical
      practice.
AB  - To determine the value of serum arabinitol concentrations in clinical practice,
      we identified all patients at the University of Utah Medical Center for whom a
      serum arabinitol determination had been requested by the attending physician or
      housestaff to assist in the management of candidiasis. The patient population was
      divided into three categories on the basis of clinical and pathological findings:
      superficial candidiasis, possible deep, invasive candidiasis, and definite, deep
      invasive candidiasis. Abnormal renal function was associated with elevated
      concentrations of serum arabinitol in proportion to the degree of renal
      dysfunction. Both the serum arabinitol concentration and the
      arabinitol/creatinine ratio were increased in the combined patient population
      with candidiasis relative to normal uninfected controls (p = 0.06 and 0.001,
      respectively). However, neither of these tests reliably distinguished patients
      with invasive candidiasis from those with only superficial candidal disease.

PMID- 3713796
TI  - Ultrastructure of lymphocytes from patients with paracoccidioidomycosis in the
      lymphocyte transformation test by phytohemagglutinin.
AB  - The morphology and ultrastructure of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients
      with paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) and from unaffected individuals (controls) were
      studied before and after Ficoll-Hypaque separation and at the end of culture,
      stimulated with phytohemagglutinin. Patient lymphocytes were cultured in medium
      with autologous plasma (from the patient himself) and with homologous plasma
      (from an unaffected donor), while donor lymphocytes were cultured in medium with
      plasma from a patient or with plasma from the donor himself. The Ficoll-Hypaque
      mixture caused no morphological or ultrastructural changes in the lymphocytes of
      patients or of unaffected donors. Patient lymphocytes cultured in medium with
      autologous plasma showed different degrees of cytoplasmic and nuclear
      alterations, such as organelle dissolution, vacuoles, amorphous masses, deformed
      nuclei, and absence of nucleoli. Lymphocytes from control individuals cultured in
      patient plasma also showed ultrastructural alterations, though they were less
      marked, and a reduced number of 'blasts'. Patient lymphocytes cultured in medium
      with homologous plasma (from a control individual) showed a morphology similar to
      that of lymphocytes from control individuals cultured in medium with their own
      plasma, although with a lower number of 'blasts'. On the basis of the results
      obtained using that methodology, we draw the following conclusions: separation by
      Ficoll-Hypaque does not seem to alter the ultrastructure of patient or donor
      lymphocytes; patients with diffuse PCM and more markedly impaired general
      condition can exhibit lymphocytes with morphological and ultrastructural
      alterations capable of affecting their biological systems and
      functionality.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3713797
TI  - Study on the evaluation of the use of thiabendazole in the treatment and control
      of bovine dermatophytosis.
AB  - A study on the use of thiabendazole in the treatment of bovine dermatophytosis
      caused by Trichophyton verrucosum was conducted. Fifteen infected animals were
      included in the study. Ten animals were treated with a thiabendazole-DMSO
      salicylic acid mixture and 5 animals were left untreated as controls. The
      thiabendazole mixture was used topically on the skin lesions. Lesions resolved
      after 12 applications and 80% of the treated animals proved negative on
      mycological examination. All lesions healed completely after 16 applications.
      Thiabendazole proved to be fungicidal on specimens of skin scrapings infected
      with the arthroconidia and mycelial elements of the dermatophyte. The killing
      effect was achieved using dilutions of 1:10 000 and 1:20 000 at 4 and 7 days,
      respectively.

PMID- 3713798
TI  - Studies with a plant fungicide, imazalil, with vapor-phase activity, in the
      therapy of human alternariosis.
AB  - The use of a plant fungicide, the imidazole imazalil, in the therapy of human
      alternariosis is described. The patient's disease involved the palate, nose and
      sinuses, and had been unresponsive to conventional therapy. Imazalil has been
      used to treat Alternaria infections of plant materials. The patient's isolate was
      susceptible in vitro. We also showed that the drug was inhibitory to fungi in
      vitro as a vapor, not requiring contact by diffusion through agar or broth. The
      drug was used topically, by installation and irrigation, in this case and
      administered orally in doses of up to 1 200 mg daily, for 6 months. Peak serum
      concentrations exceeded 4 mcg/ml. The infection was arrested but not cured. The
      drug was tolerated without evident toxicity, though an unpleasant taste and
      nausea at high doses were limiting.

PMID- 3713799
TI  - Exophiala pisciphila. A study of its development.
AB  - Exophiala pisciphila is a dematiaceous fungus that belongs to a group of fungi
      known as the 'black yeasts'. It was isolated from the skin lesions of a smooth
      dogfish, Mustelus canis Mitchill, that had been born in the shark exhibit tank of
      the New York Aquarium. The different stages of development of this fungus were
      studied by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to illustrate the
      morphology and surface structures of conidia and mycelium. The list of marine and
      fresh water fish, which have been infected by Exophiala spp. and Exophiala-like
      fungi has been up-dated. Potato Dextrose Agar and Malt Agar proved to be the best
      growth media, while Corn Meal Agar proved to be the best medium for studying the
      morphological features of the conidia and mycelial development of E. pisciphila,
      which exhibited polymorphic conidiogenesis.

PMID- 3713801
TI  - AIDS. US plan for foundation in trouble with French.

PMID- 3713800
TI  - The second case of mycetoma due to Nocardia caviae in Israel.
AB  - A second case of actinomycetoma due to Nocardia caviae contracted in Israel is
      reported. A 39-year-old female of Yemenite origin, resident in Israel for more
      than 15 years, presented with a sclerotic tumor mass on the dorsum of the right
      foot which discharged an oily purulent fluid containing minute yellowish
      granules. Seen in the microscopic examination of smears were thin Gram-positive
      filaments and bacillary elements. Culture of the crushed granules yielded small
      pale colonies identified as Nocardia caviae. In vitro testing of the isolate to
      various antibiotics, isoniaside and sulphonamides showed the organism to be more
      sensitive to isoniaside and tetracycline. Isoniaside was administered for one
      year with marked improvement and was then replaced by tetracycline due to side
      effects, this treatment still being continued.

PMID- 3713802
TI  - Tropical diseases. More research, more money?

PMID- 3713803
TI  - Neurobiology. Pigment and visual projections.

PMID- 3713804
TI  - Evidence for the existence and development of visual inhibition in humans.
AB  - Neural inhibition forms a major mechanism by which the nervous system refines and
      elaborates its input. Several recent experiments have demonstrated the existence
      of inhibition between orientation-selective cells of the primary visual cortex of
      the cat and although the precise function of this inhibition is uncertain, there
      is evidence that it enhances orientation tuning and that it is involved in
      pattern recognition. Here we report a series of experiments which, on the basis
      of evoked potential responses to oriented stimuli, suggest that similar processes
      may exist in humans. Recordings from young infants further suggest that the
      machinery which mediates orientation-specific interactions may not be functional
      at birth, but develops only after 6-8 months.

PMID- 3713805
TI  - A comparison of inhibition in orientation and spatial frequency selectivity of
      cat visual cortex.
AB  - Neurones in the visual cortex are highly selective for orientation and spatial
      frequency of visual stimuli. There is strong neurophysiological evidence that
      orientation selectivity is enhanced by inhibitory interconnections between
      columns in the cortex which have different orientation sensitivities, an idea
      which is supported by experiments using neuropharmacological manipulation or
      complex visual stimuli. It has also been proposed that selectivity for spatial
      frequency is mediated in part by a similar mechanism to that for orientation,
      although evidence for this is based on special use of visual stimuli, which
      hampers interpretation of the findings. We have therefore examined selectivity
      for both orientation and spatial frequency using a technique which allows direct
      inferences about inhibitory processes. Our method uses microiontophoresis of an
      excitatory amino acid to elevate maintained discharge of single neurones in the
      visual cortex. We then present visual stimuli both within and outside the range
      of orientations and spatial frequencies which cause a cell to respond with
      increased discharge. Our results show that orientations presented on either side
      of the responsive range usually produce clear suppression of maintained
      discharge. In marked contrast, spatial frequencies shown to either side of the
      responsive range have little or no effect on maintained activity. We conclude
      that there is an intracortical organization of inhibitory connections between
      cells tuned to different orientations but not different spatial frequencies.

PMID- 3713806
TI  - A new mechanism for the neutralization of enveloped viruses by antiviral
      antibody.
AB  - Despite the considerable research that has been carried out into viral
      neutralization by antiviral antibody, its mechanisms remain poorly understood.
      Cases have been reported in which antiviral antibody can inhibit viral
      replication without inhibiting the binding and uptake of virus by susceptible
      cells. It has been shown that many enveloped viruses enter their target cells by
      endocytosis and are subsequently located in cellular compartments of increasing
      acidity. With several enveloped viruses this acidic pH can catalyse a fusion
      reaction between the membrane of the virus particle and that of a prelysosomal
      endosome, thus enabling the viral core to enter the cytosol and replication to
      commence. We have recently demonstrated that such an endosomal fusion event at
      mild acidic pH is involved in the entry pathway of the enveloped flavivirus, West
      Nile virus (WNV), into macrophages. We now show that antiviral antibody can
      neutralize WNV by inhibiting this intraendosomal acid-catalysed fusion step and
      we speculate on possible implications for the future design of antiviral
      vaccines.

PMID- 3713807
TI  - What future for nuclear power?

PMID- 3713808
TI  - Human genome. Department of Energy on the map.

PMID- 3713809
TI  - The numbers game.

PMID- 3713810
TI  - US research costs. White House to back down?

PMID- 3713811
TI  - Pre-embryos.

PMID- 3713812
TI  - Safety of French nuclear plant.

PMID- 3713813
TI  - Parasitology: spurious Babesia antigens.

PMID- 3713814
TI  - Multiple sclerosis, viruses and glycolipids.

PMID- 3713815
TI  - Ubiquitous occurrence of 2-nitrofluoranthene and 2-nitropyrene in air.
AB  - Several nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAH) are direct-acting
      mutagens and/or carcinogens, and are important constituents of combustion
      emissions and ambient air. These nitro-PAH are emitted from various combustion
      sources including gasoline and diesel engine exhaust, aluminium smelting
      effluent, coal fly ash, wood smoke, and cigarette smoke condensates. Of these,
      diesel engine exhaust is the best characterized, more than 50 nitrated polycyclic
      aromatic compounds having been identified by Paputa-Peck et al., including 1
      nitropyrene (1-NP) as the single most abundant nitro-PAH. However, nitro-PAH may
      also be formed during source-receptor transport by atmospheric reactions of
      adsorbed or gas-phase PAH with oxides of nitrogen, nitric acid and other
      atmospherically important species such as the OH radical. Evidence for the
      atmospheric formation of nitro-PAH has come only recently, from observations that
      2-nitropyrene (2-NP) and 2-nitrofluoranthene (2-NF) neither of which has been
      reported to be emitted from combustion sources, are among the major nitro-PAH
      present in ambient air. We present here data from several locations which
      demonstrate that these two atmospherically formed nitro-PAH are ubiquitous in
      tropospheric ambient air.

PMID- 3713816
TI  - Sequence-directed curvature of DNA.
AB  - DNAs from both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms have yielded restriction
      fragments which manifest markedly anomalous electrophoretic behaviour (reduced
      mobility) when run on polyacrylamide gels. We have shown previously that the
      abnormal electrophoretic behaviour of one such fragment is a consequence of
      stable curvature of the helix axis in solution. The molecules involved tend to
      contain oligo(dA)-oligo(dT) runs which are approximately in-phase with the helix
      repeat; however, the precise structural elements responsible for DNA curvature
      have not been identified. One popular model for curvature invokes a non-coplanar
      'wedge-like' conformation of ApA/TpT dinucleotide pairs. Despite a lack of direct
      evidence in support of this model, it has been used to provide quantitative
      estimates of curvature. To critically evaluate the ApA wedge model, we have
      performed an electrophoretic analysis of a series of closely related DNA polymers
      in which oligo(dA)-oligo(dT) runs of different polarity were compared. We
      conclude that ApA dinucleotide wedges cannot account for DNA curvature.
      Therefore, quantitative estimates for ApA wedge deformations, based solely on
      apparent curvature, cannot be correct.

PMID- 3713817
TI  - What yellow peril?

PMID- 3713818
TI  - Chernobyl: British embassies turn monitors.

PMID- 3713819
TI  - Yellow rain: British analyses find no toxin.

PMID- 3713820
TI  - Ethiopia: brief respite from famine.

PMID- 3713821
TI  - Paranormal theories.

PMID- 3713822
TI  - Pesticide dangers.

PMID- 3713823
TI  - Nuclear risks.

PMID- 3713824
TI  - A child's guide to radiobiology.

PMID- 3713825
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance: protein structure determination.

PMID- 3713826
TI  - Evolution--the struggle continues.

PMID- 3713827
TI  - The stability of zoological nomenclature.

PMID- 3713828
TI  - Error rates in prenatal cystic fibrosis diagnosis.

PMID- 3713829
TI  - Homology of trichosanthin and ricin A chain.

PMID- 3713830
TI  - Mechanosensitivity of mammalian auditory hair cells in vitro.
AB  - Intracellular responses recorded in vitro from the cochleas of anaesthetized
      mammals have shown that the mechanoreceptive inner and outer hair cells are
      sharply tuned, accounting for many of the properties of the afferent fibres in
      the auditory nerve. However, in vivo it has not been possible to measure directly
      the excitatory mechanical input to these cells (the displacement of their
      mechanosensitive stereocilia) and thus to determine the relationship between the
      receptor potentials and displacement of their stereocilia. As a means of
      circumventing this technical difficulty, we have developed an organ culture of
      the mouse cochlea and here we describe the receptor potentials generated by the
      hair cells in response to direct displacement of their stereocilia.

PMID- 3713831
TI  - Replacing the complementarity-determining regions in a human antibody with those
      from a mouse.
AB  - The variable domains of an antibody consist of a beta-sheet framework with
      hypervariable regions (or complementarity-determining regions--CDRs) which
      fashion the antigen-binding site. Here we attempted to determine whether the
      antigen-binding site could be transplanted from one framework to another by
      grafting the CDRs. We substituted the CDRs from the heavy-chain variable region
      of mouse antibody B1-8, which binds the hapten NP-cap (4-hydroxy-3
      nitrophenacetyl caproic acid; KNP-cap = 1.2 microM), for the corresponding CDRs
      of a human myeloma protein. We report that in combination with the B1-8 mouse
      light chain, the new antibody has acquired the hapten affinity of the B1-8
      antibody (KNP-cap = 1.9 microM). Such 'CDR replacement' may offer a means of
      constructing human monoclonal antibodies from the corresponding mouse monoclonal
      antibodies.

PMID- 3713832
TI  - A tobacco mosaic virus-induced tobacco protein is homologous to the sweet-tasting
      protein thaumatin.
AB  - Infection of tobacco plants with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) results in an
      increase in the activities of several enzymes and induces the de novo synthesis
      of about 10 proteins that are protease-resistant and soluble at pH 3. These
      proteins accumulate in the intracellular leaf space. The appearance of
      pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins is closely associated with the phenomenon of
      'systemic acquired resistance' and it has been suggested that such proteins have
      an antiviral function. Previously, we cloned complementary DNAs to the messenger
      RNAs for the three smallest PR proteins, PR-1a, -1b and -1c, and these clones
      were used to show that there is an increase of more than 100-fold in the
      concentration of PR-1 mRNAs following TMV infection of tobacco. Here, we describe
      the cDNA cloning of another mRNA whose synthesis is induced by TMV infection.
      Sequencing of the cDNA showed that the encoded protein is highly homologous to
      thaumatin, the intensely sweet-tasting protein from the fruits of the monocot
      Thaumatococcus daniellii Benth, a West African rainforest shrub. The conservation
      of a gene encoding a thaumatin-like protein in tobacco suggests that the encoded
      protein may have a more general function than that of being sweet-tasting.

PMID- 3713833
TI  - Maternal investment in mammals.

PMID- 3713834
TI  - Who pays for AIDS?

PMID- 3713835
TI  - Chilean physicians. Campaign against torture grows.

PMID- 3713836
TI  - Japanese psychiatry. Fetus research criticized.

PMID- 3713837
TI  - State of Japanese psychiatry.

PMID- 3713838
TI  - Immunology. A common form of killing.

PMID- 3713839
TI  - Muscle contraction. Crossbridges, force and motion.

PMID- 3713840
TI  - Optical mapping of activity in primate visual cortex.

PMID- 3713841
TI  - Beware the cups that cheer.

PMID- 3713842
TI  - Voltage-sensitive dyes reveal a modular organization in monkey striate cortex.
AB  - Voltage-sensitive dyes allow neuronal activity to be studied by non-invasive
      optical techniques. They provide an attractive means of investigating striate
      cortex, where important response properties are organized in two dimensions. In
      the present study, patterns of ocular dominance and orientation selectivity were
      obtained repeatedly from the same patch of cortex using the dye merocyanine
      oxazolone, together with current image-processing techniques. The patterns
      observed agree with most established features of monkey striate cortex and
      suggest a new unit of cortical organization; one that is modular in structure and
      which appears to link the organization of orientation selectivity with that of
      ocular dominance.

PMID- 3713843
TI  - Global distribution of peroxyacetyl nitrate.
AB  - Nitrogen oxides (NOx) have a central role in the chemistry of the atmosphere,
      especially in key processes relating to ozone, hydroxyl-radical (OH) and acid
      formation. High reactivity of NOx (lifetime of 0.5-2 days) precludes hemispheric
      scale transport and it has been proposed that non-methane hydrocarbons present in
      the troposphere can transform NOx into its organic forms principally as
      peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN). PAN is highly stable in the colder regions of the
      middle and upper troposphere and can provide a mechanism for NOx storage and
      transport. Once transported, PAN and its homologues can easily release free NOx
      in warmer atmospheric conditions. PAN is probably ubiquitous and its
      concentrations could exceed those of NOx in clean tropospheric conditions. Here
      we present the first view of the global distribution of PAN based on extensive
      shipboard and aircraft measurements. PAN is more abundant in the Northern than in
      the Southern Hemisphere and in the continental than in the marine troposphere. In
      contrast to its behaviour in polluted atmospheres, PAN mixing ratios in winter
      greatly exceed those in summer. These measurements provide a basis for assessing
      the significance of PAN as a reservoir of NOx and for extending and validating
      reactive nitrogen chemistry theory in the troposphere.

PMID- 3713844
TI  - Visualization of the dynamic instability of individual microtubules by dark-field
      microscopy.
AB  - It has previously been shown that two populations of microtubules coexist in a
      dynamically unstable manner in vitro: those in one population elongate while
      those in the other shorten and finally disappear. This conclusion was based on
      changes in the number and length distribution of microtubules after dilution of
      the microtubule solution. Here, we demonstrate directly that growing and
      shortening populations coexist in steady-state conditions, by visualization of
      the dynamic behaviour of individual microtubules in vitro by dark-field
      microscopy. Real-time video recording reveals that both ends of a microtubule
      exist in either the growing or the shortening phase and alternate quite
      frequently between the two phases in a stochastic manner. Moreover, growing and
      shortening ends can coexist on a single microtubule, one end continuing to grow
      simultaneously with shortening at the other end. We find no correlation in the
      phase conversion either among individual microtubules or between the two ends of
      a single microtubule. The two ends of any given microtubule have remarkably
      different characteristics; the active end grows faster, alternates in phase more
      frequently and fluctuates in length to a greater extent than the inactive end.
      Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) suppress the phase conversion and
      stabilize microtubules in the growing phase.

PMID- 3713845
TI  - Structure of DNase I at 2.0 A resolution suggests a mechanism for binding to and
      cutting DNA.
AB  - Bovine pancreatic deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I), an endonuclease that degrades
      double-stranded DNA in a nonspecific but sequence-dependent manner, has been used
      as a biochemical tool in various reactions, in particular as a probe for the
      structure of chromatin and for the helical periodicity of DNA on the nucleosome
      and in solution. Limited digestion by DNase I, termed DNase I 'footprinting', is
      routinely used to detect protected regions in DNA-protein complexes. Recently, we
      have solved the three-dimensional structure of this glycoprotein (relative
      molecular mass 30,400) by X-ray structure analysis at 2.5 A resolution and have
      subsequently refined it crystallographically at 2.0 A. Based on the refined
      structure and the binding of Ca2+-thymidine 3',5'-diphosphate (Ca-pTp) at the
      active site, we propose a mechanism of action and present a model for the
      interaction of DNase I with double-stranded DNA that involves the binding of an
      exposed loop region in the minor groove of B-DNA and electrostatic interactions
      of phosphates from both strands with arginine and lysine residues on either side
      of this loop. We explain DNase I cleavage patterns in terms of this model and
      discuss the consequences of the extended DNase I-DNA contact region for the
      interpretation of DNase I footprinting results.

PMID- 3713846
TI  - Physiological relevance of erythroid-potentiating activity of TIMP.

PMID- 3713847
TI  - AIDS research. New foundation begins work.

PMID- 3713848
TI  - Laboratory accidents. Inquiry into lab's bone cancers.

PMID- 3713849
TI  - Iodine-131 in human thyroids in Britain following Chernobyl.

PMID- 3713850
TI  - Testis size and dizygotic twins.

PMID- 3713851
TI  - Fluorescence detection in automated DNA sequence analysis.
AB  - We have developed a method for the partial automation of DNA sequence analysis.
      Fluorescence detection of the DNA fragments is accomplished by means of a
      fluorophore covalently attached to the oligonucleotide primer used in enzymatic
      DNA sequence analysis. A different coloured fluorophore is used for each of the
      reactions specific for the bases A, C, G and T. The reaction mixtures are
      combined and co-electrophoresed down a single polyacrylamide gel tube, the
      separated fluorescent bands of DNA are detected near the bottom of the tube, and
      the sequence information is acquired directly by computer.

PMID- 3713852
TI  - Basal metabolic rate and energetics of reproduction in therian mammals.
AB  - Traditionally, the fact that reproduction in eutherian (= placental) mammals
      tends towards prolonged intrauterine development and short lactation has been
      interpreted as an evolutionary advance over the metatherian (= marsupial) short
      gestation and prolonged lactation. However, it has recently been postulated that
      marsupial reproduction involves low initial energy investment and may be
      advantageous by minimizing energy loss if conditions necessitate early
      termination. Moreover, because marsupials have basal metabolic rates (BMRs) 30%
      lower than those of most eutherians, it has been suggested that daily and total
      energy expenditures during reproduction may also be lower. We have now tested the
      predictions that low BMR is maintained during reproduction and that initial
      investment is lower in marsupials. Using indirect calorimetry, we have made the
      first longitudinal measurements of energy expenditure during reproduction for a
      marsupial and for two eutherian species with low BMRs. We find that initial
      investment is lowest in a eutherian and total energetic expenditures were
      greatest for the marsupial. We also find that, relative to BMR, all three species
      have increased mean maternal resting metabolic rates (RMRs) during both gestation
      and lactation; this is the first evidence that mammals with low BMRs can
      substantially elevate metabolism for prolonged periods during gestation and
      lactation.

PMID- 3713853
TI  - Enhanced detection in the aperture of focal attention during simple
      discrimination tasks.
AB  - There is increasing evidence that it is possible to shift an aperture of focal
      attention to a position in visual space independent of fixation and that this can
      be done much faster than the eyes are able to move. Recently, we showed that such
      serial scrutiny by the aperture of focal attention is required before an observer
      is able to tell what a target is (for example, to know whether the orientation of
      a line segment is horizontal or vertical). Here we considered whether attention
      directed towards a specific position in the visual field for an orientation
      discrimination task improves performance on a simple detection task in the area
      to which attention is directed. We found that a small test flash could be
      detected when it was positioned near a peripheral line target presented briefly,
      if the orientation of the target had to be identified. The test flash could not
      be detected when presented at some distance from the same target or when another
      target had to be identified. This enhancement implies that even simple
      identification tasks such as orientation discrimination are not performed
      passively by the visual system.

PMID- 3713855
TI  - Cancer research. Boom in new laboratories.

PMID- 3713856
TI  - Test-tube babies.

PMID- 3713854
TI  - Phorbol ester facilitates 45Ca accumulation and catecholamine secretion by
      nicotine and excess K+ but not by muscarine in rat adrenal medulla.
AB  - Several investigators have shown that tumour promoter phorbol esters mimic the
      effects of endogenous diacylglycerol to activate a second messenger, protein
      kinase C. These phorbol esters have proved to be valuable tools for exploring the
      role of protein kinase C in many cellular functions. We demonstrate here that
      secretion of catecholamines evoked from the rat adrenal gland by stimulation of
      splanchnic nerves, excess potassium (K+) and nicotine is facilitated by phorbol
      12,13-dibutyrate. An inhibitor of protein kinase C, polymixin B, produced
      concentration-dependent inhibition of the evoked secretion, and the effect was
      reversed by the phorbol ester. Furthermore, we show that an increase in the
      accumulation of radioactively labelled calcium (45Ca) obtained in the adrenal
      medulla after stimulation with nicotinic agonists and excess K+ is further
      enhanced by phorbol ester. Muscarine-evoked secretion of catecholamines, which
      depends on mobilization of intracellularly bound Ca2+, was not associated with an
      increase in 45Ca2+ uptake, and phorbol ester did not facilitate either
      catecholamine secretion or 45Ca2+ accumulation. We suggest that protein kinase C
      is involved in the exocytotic secretion of catecholamines by regulating the
      influx of Ca2+ through voltage-sensitive and nicotine receptor-linked Ca2+
      channels of rat chromaffin cells.

PMID- 3713857
TI  - Japanese gynaecology. Gender selection sparks row.

PMID- 3713858
TI  - Colombian immunology. More plans for malaria vaccine.

PMID- 3713859
TI  - Thin filament regulatory proteins of smooth- and non-muscle cells.

PMID- 3713860
TI  - Globin gene monkey business.

PMID- 3713861
TI  - Clues about glues in development.

PMID- 3713862
TI  - Alu sequences in the LDL receptor messenger RNA.

PMID- 3713863
TI  - High frequencies of alpha-thalassaemia are the result of natural selection by
      malaria.
AB  - The frequency of alpha+-thalassaemia, but not other unlinked DNA polymorphisms,
      exhibits an altitude- and latitude-dependent correlation with malaria endemicity
      throughout Melanesia, supporting the hypothesis that protection against this
      parasitic disease is the major factor responsible for the high frequencies of
      haemoglobinopathies in many parts of the world.

PMID- 3713864
TI  - Synaptosomes possess an exocytotic pool of glutamate.
AB  - There is increasing evidence that L-glutamate is a major excitatory
      neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Immunocytochemical studies
      indicate that glutamate within nerve terminals may be concentrated in vesicles
      and glutamate-accumulating vesicles have recently been isolated. Exocytotic
      release of glutamate from synaptosomes (isolated nerve terminals) has not been
      convincingly demonstrated, however, and remains highly controversial. In order to
      study the kinetics of release of endogenous L-glutamate from guinea pig cerebral
      cortical synaptosomes we have devised a continuous enzymatic assay. This has
      enabled us to identify a pool, equivalent to 15-20% of the total synaptosomal
      glutamate, which is capable of rapid Ca2+-dependent exocytotic release.

PMID- 3713865
TI  - Two-dimensional spectrophotometry and pseudo-color representation of chemical
      reaction patterns.
AB  - The formation of spatio-temporal patterns in layers of chemical and biochemical
      media is observed and quantified by a two-dimensional spectrophotometer based on
      a computerized video equipment with high spatial, temporal, and intensity
      resolution. Images are shown, to some extent, in pseudo-colors. The use of pseudo
      colors and three-dimensional perspective representations enhances the perception
      of the information contained in an image and the inherent order of the spatial
      structures.

PMID- 3713866
TI  - Rudolf Buchheim lecture. The metabolizing systems involved in the inactivation of
      catecholamines.

PMID- 3713867
TI  - Studies on the separate roles of forebrain and spinal serotonin in morphine
      analgesia.
AB  - 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) injections in the ventromedial tegmentum (VMT)
      at the level of nucleus interpeduncularis or in the ventral raphe area (VR) of
      the medulla oblongata were used to study the separate roles of forebrain and
      spinal 5-HT in the antinociceptive effect of morphine in rats. 5,7-DHT injections
      in the VMT, which caused marked, selective depletion of forebrain 5-HT, did not
      modify the effect of morphine in the hot plate and tail immersion tests. Direct
      injection of 5,7-DHT into the nucleus raphe medianus also failed to modify the
      effect of morphine in the two tests used to measure nociceptive responses. The
      effect of morphine was significantly reduced 30 min after injection to rats
      depleted of spinal 5-HT by 5,7-DHT injected in the VR but the areas under the
      curves between vehicle and 5,7-DHT treated animals were not significantly
      different. The data show that the integrity of 5-HT neurons in the forebrain is
      not necessary for the antinociceptive effect of morphine and a substantial amount
      of this effect is still present in rats with marked depletion of spinal 5-HT.

PMID- 3713868
TI  - Comparative studies of the postjunctional activities of some very potent
      muscarinic agonists.
AB  - This study was undertaken to determine the potencies of seven muscarinic agonists
      (methylfurtrethonium, dioxolane, oxathiolane, carbachol, muscarine, muscarone and
      oxotremorine) on the postjunctional muscarinic receptors of seven isolated
      preparations (guinea pig taenia-coli, ileum, jejunum, trachea and atria and rat
      jejunum and urinary bladder). The results indicate that the rank order of
      sensitivity of the preparations varies independently of the potency of the
      agonist used and it is almost the same for all the compounds with the exception
      of oxotremorine. Muscarone was the most potent compound in all the tissues.
      Intergroup comparisons in each preparation and the evaluation of the
      equieffective molar ratios relative to muscarone revealed that carbachol
      possesses a certain degree of cardioselectivity and oxathiolane, on the other
      hand, is much less active on the cardiac tissue than on the others. Oxotremorine
      is a peculiar compound endowed with cardioselectivity.

PMID- 3713869
TI  - Characterization of choline efflux from the perfused heart at rest and after
      muscarine receptor activation.
AB  - The resting efflux of choline from perfused chicken hearts varied from 0.4 to 2.6
      nmol/g min, but was constant for at least 80 min in the individual experiments.
      The rate of choline efflux was found to be equal to the rate of choline formation
      in the heart, which, from the following reasons, was essentially due to
      hydrolysis of choline phospholipids. Cardiac content of choline phospholipids
      (7,200 nmol/g) was much higher than that of acetylcholine (5.5 nmol/g). Resting
      release of acetylcholine was 0.016 nmol/g min and, after inhibition of
      cholinesterase, only about 0.1 nmol/g min. Resting efflux of choline was reduced
      by mepacrine, a phospholipase A2 inhibitor, by perfusion with a Ca2+-free
      Tyrode's solution containing EGTA and by the combination mepacrine plus Ca2+
      free/EGTA solution. In all experiments the reduced choline efflux levelled off
      within 10 min at about 50%. Omission or elevation of Mg2+ from 1.05 to 10.5
      mmol/l had no effect. Resting efflux was increased to 150% by oleic acid (as
      sodium salt; 2 X 10(-5) mol/l) which is known to activate phospholipase D.
      Likewise muscarinic agonists (carbachol and acetylcholine) caused facilitation of
      the efflux of endogenous choline that was blocked by 3 X 10(-7) mol/l atropine.
      This effect was not reduced, but even slightly enhanced, by mepacrine and by
      infusion of EGTA in a modified Tyrode's solution (Ca2+-free, 10.5 mmol/l Mg2+).
      It is concluded that the resting efflux of choline from the heart is essentially
      due to hydrolysis of choline phospholipids, that half of the efflux is
      insensitive to mepacrine and is Ca2+-independent (excluding an involvement of
      phospholipase A2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3713870
TI  - Chronic clorgyline treatment enhances release of norepinephrine following
      sympathetic stimulation in the rat.
AB  - Plasma catecholamine levels were determined in pithed rats during electrical
      stimulation of the entire sympathetic nervous system. In animals treated
      chronically with clorgyline (1 mg/kg daily for 21 days) the increment in plasma
      norepinephrine concentration during stimulation was greater than in control
      animals, whereas a single dose of clorgyline (2 mg/kg 2 h before pithing), which
      produced the same degree of inhibition of arterial MAO type A and a similar
      increase in arterial norepinephrine content, had no effect on the plasma
      norepinephrine response to stimulation. Injection of yohimbine (1 mg/kg) produced
      the same degree of enhancement of plasma norepinephrine response to stimulation
      in chronically treated and control animals, showing that the overall gain of the
      alpha 2-adrenoceptor inhibitory loop in vascular sympathetic nerves was not
      affected. Plasma epinephrine concentration during electrical stimulation was also
      increased by chronic but not by acute clorgyline treatment. Chronic clorgyline
      treatment did not significantly affect the total systemic metabolic clearance
      rate of infused norepinephrine, thus the increased plasma norepinephrine response
      to stimulation reflects an increased release rate from sympathetic neurons. In
      rats treated chronically with clorgyline, the pressor response to norepinephrine
      in the presence of yohimbine (0.3 mg/kg) was significantly reduced, whereas the
      pressor response to guanabenz was unchanged. There was also no change in the
      guanabenz-induced inhibition of the tachycardic response to electrical
      stimulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3713871
TI  - Neurotensin effect on dopamine release and calcium transport in rat striatum:
      interactions with diphenylalkylamine calcium antagonists.
AB  - The release of dopamine was investigated in rat striatal slices exposed in vitro
      to neurotensin. This peptide increased basal and K+-evoked dopamine release.
      Moreover neurotensin antagonized the flunarizine-induced inhibition of K+
      stimulated dopamine release. The K+-evoked 45Ca2+ accumulation was also inhibited
      by flunarizine. This effect was antagonized by neurotensin. The results suggest
      that dopamine release in rat striatum is regulated by different molecular events
      also of peptidergic nature having as possible mechanism of action an influence on
      calcium ion movements.

PMID- 3713872
TI  - Failure of an angiotensin II antagonist to influence isoprenaline-induced
      antidiuresis in rats.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to elucidate the role of angiotensin II in
      isoprenaline-induced antidiuresis by use of the competitive angiotensin II
      antagonist saralasin. Isoprenaline is known to enhance the formation of
      angiotensin II. Since angiotensin II has been shown to increase proximal tubular
      salt and volume reabsorption and to decrease renal fluid and salt excretion the
      renal effects of isoprenaline might, at least partly, be mediated by angiotensin
      II. Isoprenaline, infused at 0.1 microgram/kg . min i.v. into anaesthetized rats,
      led to a marked decrease of urine flow, sodium and potassium excretion and to an
      increase in urinary osmolality, confirming previous data. Effective renal plasma
      flow increased significantly. Immediately after onset of the isoprenaline
      infusion a transient small fall in GFR was observed. On continuation of the
      infusion, GFR recovered, but marked antidiuresis persisted. Changes in renal
      hemodynamics, therefore, can be excluded as being responsible for the
      antidiuretic effect. Saralasin, infused at 6 micrograms/kg . min i.v., did not
      affect isoprenaline-induced antidiuresis, antinatriuresis, antikaliuresis, and
      the increase in urinary osmolality, but prevented the rise in renal plasma flow
      observed during isoprenaline infusion, probably as a consequence of a weak
      angiotensin II-like effect of saralasin on renal vessels. It is concluded that
      angiotensin II does not play a role in isoprenaline-induced antidiuresis. The
      results are compatible with the view that beta-adrenoceptor stimulation may
      directly affect the tubular handling of water and salt.

PMID- 3713875
TI  - [Traumatic dislocation of the hip joint].

PMID- 3713873
TI  - The role of the capsaicin-sensitive innervation of the rat urinary bladder in the
      activation of micturition reflex.
AB  - Capsaicin applied on the serosal surface of the urinary bladder in urethane
      anaesthetized rats produces two distinct types of motor effects: a tetrodotoxin-,
      hexamethonium- and lidocaine-insensitive 'tonic' contraction and a series of
      tetrodotoxin-, hexamethonium- and lidocaine-sensitive rhythmic contractions. Both
      'tonic' and rhythmic contractions are abolished by bladder denervation indicating
      their neurogenic origin. The rhythmic but not the 'tonic' component of the
      contractile effect of capsaicin is abolished by spinal cord transection
      indicating activation of a supraspinal micturition reflex. The motor effects of
      topical capsaicin are unaffected by pretreatment with indomethacin or
      diphenhydramine plus cimetidine. Pretreatment with a large dose of subcutaneous
      (SC) capsaicin increases both volume and pressure threshold for micturition while
      amplitude of micturition contraction is unaffected. Moreover the spinal
      somatovesical reflex elicited by pinching of the perineal skin is unaffected by
      capsaicin-desensitization. The intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of
      capsaicin reproduces the effects of SC capsaicin on the bladder response to
      saline filling. Rats pretreated with ICV capsaicin are as sensitive as controls
      in reacting to noxious heat (hot plate test) while the wiping response to
      instillation of capsaicin into one eye was abolished. These findings provide
      functional evidence for the presence in the rat urinary bladder of a capsaicin
      sensitive innervation which subserves a sensory function in relaying
      volume/pressure information from detrusor muscle to central nervous system.
      Information carried through these capsaicin-sensitive fibers appears to be
      relevant for initiation of a supraspinal vesico-vesical micturition reflex.
      Functional evidence indicates that these fibers may terminate at supraspinal
      level.

PMID- 3713874
TI  - Comparison of effects of phencyclidine and methamphetamine on body temperature in
      mice: a possible role for histamine neurons in thermoregulation.
AB  - We compared the effects of phencyclidine (PCP) and methamphetamine on body
      temperature and brain histamine turnover in mice. Methamphetamine at 5 and 10
      mg/kg produced dose-related increases in rectal temperature, whereas PCP given in
      the same doses had no significant effect. In mice pretreated with alpha
      fluoromethylhistidine, an inhibitor of histidine decarboxylase, PCP produced a
      marked hyperthermia. PCP markedly accelerated brain histamine turnover, as
      measured by the accumulation of tele-methylhistamine, a predominant metabolite of
      brain histamine, following administration of pargyline. Methamphetamine had no
      significant effect on the histamine dynamics. These results suggest involvement
      of brain histaminergic neurons in the action of PCP but not methamphetamine, and
      the presence of a histaminergic thermoregulatory mechanism.

PMID- 3713876
TI  - [Adjuvant therapy in patients with operable breast carcinoma].

PMID- 3713877
TI  - [Moroccans and drugs].

PMID- 3713878
TI  - [Restoration of eyelid function in unilateral facial nerve paralysis].

PMID- 3713879
TI  - [Prognostic factors in thyroid carcinoma: follow-up findings in 429 patients].

PMID- 3713881
TI  - [Moroccan drugs].

PMID- 3713880
TI  - [Hepatitis B, prevalence and results of preventive measures in dialysis centers].

PMID- 3713882
TI  - [Improvement of survival due to adjuvant therapy in patients with operable breast
      carcinoma].

PMID- 3713883
TI  - [Zieve's syndrome].

PMID- 3713884
TI  - [The warning leak].

PMID- 3713885
TI  - [Cyclosporin in dermatoses, especially in severe therapy-resistant psoriasis].

PMID- 3713887
TI  - [Follow-up study of Legionella pneumophila pneumonia following the raising of the
      hot water temperature in a Dutch hospital].

PMID- 3713886
TI  - [Metronidazole prophylaxis in appendectomy].

PMID- 3713888
TI  - [Echographic diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhages in premature infants].

PMID- 3713889
TI  - [A leech as an unusual cause of epistaxis].

PMID- 3713890
TI  - [Asthma and allergy].

PMID- 3713891
TI  - [Experimental clinical studies in oncology].

PMID- 3713892
TI  - [The use of laser rays in medicine, especially in cardiology].

PMID- 3713893
TI  - [The importance of cystic mastopathy].

PMID- 3713894
TI  - [Birch pollen asthma in the Netherlands; an unknown phenomenon?].

PMID- 3713895
TI  - [Successful emergency surgery in a material break in a Bjork-Shiley mitral valve
      prosthesis].

PMID- 3713896
TI  - [Pollinosis as a cause of allergy to vegetables].

PMID- 3713897
TI  - [The concept of guilt in civil law, disciplinary law and penal law].

PMID- 3713898
TI  - [Physical examination of patients with an unknown primary tumor].

PMID- 3713899
TI  - [The glucose tolerance test; a useful aid in clinical practice or important only
      for the epidemiologist?].

PMID- 3713900
TI  - [Airway infections in patients in intensive care units; pathogenesis and
      prevention].

PMID- 3713901
TI  - [Unpleasant body odors. I. Hyperhidrosis].

PMID- 3713902
TI  - [Odor and smell].

PMID- 3713903
TI  - [Reuse of pacemakers].

PMID- 3713904
TI  - [Rupture of the lateral ankle ligament(s); surgery or not?].

PMID- 3713905
TI  - [Treatment of cystic fibrosis].

PMID- 3713906
TI  - "It hasn't hit Nebraska yet".

PMID- 3713907
TI  - Endocarditis caused by nutritionally-variant streptococci: therapy with
      penicillin combined initially with gentamicin.

PMID- 3713908
TI  - A spinal cord injury prevention program.

PMID- 3713909
TI  - [Dynamics of recovery of evoked responses of the dorsomedial nucleus of the
      thalamus of the rat after injuries to the amygdala].
AB  - Time course of reorganization of patterns of the thalamic dorso-medial nucleus
      (DMN) focal potentials evoked by periamygdaloid cortex (PC) stimulation before
      and 2-90 days after the baso-lateral amygdala destruction was studied in
      semichronic experiments on anesthetized rats. The comparison of amplitudes and
      latencies to peaks of potential components as well as the analysis of their depth
      profiles were performed. Different stages of functional reorganization of the
      relationships between PC and DMN were observed. Latencies to peaks of the major
      positive-negative component increased within 2 months. Restoration of the
      potential pattern was found 2.5 months after amygdala destruction. But
      destruction of the amygdala markedly altered the recovery cycle of the focal
      potential to testing PC stimulation, especially when the interval between paired
      shocks was 40-150 ms. The results demonstrate a high degree of functional
      plasticity of the neural DMN connections which are needed to produce the focal
      potential after PC stimulation.

PMID- 3713910
TI  - [Participation of neurons of the midbrain reticular formation of the cat in
      conditioned reflex activity].
AB  - Spike discharges of mesencephalic reticular formation neurons were investigated
      during classical and instrumental conditional reflexes in chronic experiments on
      cats. Neurons were divided into several functional groups according to patterns
      of their responses. Two groups of neurons produced continuous tonic spike
      discharges. One of them was activated by positive conditional stimuli and did not
      respond to the same stimulus after extinction. Another group was involved in
      reaction only after extinction. Thus the neurons of these two groups developed
      additional tonic ascending action not only during fulfillment of conditional
      reflex but under its internal inhibition too. Neurons of the third group revealed
      double phasic responses: the first--to sound and the second--in connection with
      initiation of the conditioned movement. They decreased the level of the
      background and evoked activity during differentiation and extinction. Initial
      changes of reticular neuron responses were similar under conditioning and under
      pseudoconditioning. It is concluded that mesencephalic reticular formation takes
      an active and differential participation in elaboration, fulfillment and internal
      inhibition of classical and instrumental conditional reflexes.

PMID- 3713911
TI  - [Reactions of the neurons of various hypothalamic structures to tooth pulp and
      sciatic nerve A beta-fiber stimulation in the cat].
AB  - Responses of single units from lateral and medial areas of the posterior, tuberal
      and anterior hypothalamus to electrical stimulation of dental pulp and sciatic
      nerve A beta afferents were recorded in anesthetized curarized cats. 80.7%, 81.5%
      and 71.4% of units, respectively, responded to stimulation in posterior tuberal
      and anterior hypothalamus. The shortest latency of responses was recorded in the
      postero-lateral hypothalamus. Nociceptive responses in the lateral hypothalamus
      were of shorter latency than responses of medial hypothalamic units. Marked
      predominance of excitatory responses in the posterior hypothalamus and almost an
      equal proportion of excitatory and inhibitory responses in the tuberal and
      anterior hypothalamus were found. High degree of convergence (85.8%) of noxious
      and nonnoxious (sciatic nerve A beta afferents) impulses was revealed.
      Unidirectional, similar pattern of responses of convergent type neurons to
      stimulation of the tooth pulp and sciatic nerve A beta afferents indicate a
      nonspecific character of responses of the majority of polysensory neurons. 14.2%
      of hypothalamic units were monomodal, specific nociceptive neurons. Hypothalamic
      nociceptive units were characterized by a long recovery cycle (200-500 ms) and
      low reproducibility of responses to repetitive stimulation of the tooth pulp
      afferents (1.5-2/s). The neuronal organization of the nociceptive afferent system
      of the hypothalamus and the functional role of convergent and specific
      nociceptive neurons of the hypothalamus are discussed.

PMID- 3713912
TI  - [Changes in the functional characteristics of cells of the Clare-Bishop zone
      after unilateral partial isolation of the cat neocortex].
AB  - Evoked single cell activity in the Clare-Bishop area of the cat neocortex was
      recorded after partial transection of subcortico-cortical connections. Both
      functional properties of visual, auditory and somatosensory responsive cells and
      their responses to electrical stimulation of the primary projection area were
      studied. A week after transection some neurons in the Clare-Bishop area on the
      operated site recovered their reactions to applied stimuli. Within the first week
      the sensitivity of the neurons in the intact hemisphere changed; all the recorded
      cells reacted to light; 80% of the cells had receptive fields that were situated
      in the contralateral part of the visual area; 62% of the cells reacted to
      somatosensory stimuli. A week after the operation the number of responsive cells
      decreased. The peculiar features of the neuronal compensatory reorganization in
      the Clare-Bishop area and its role in the recovery of visual function is
      discussed.

PMID- 3713913
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of responses of the neurons of the frontal lobe and
      central gray in the awake freely-moving dog].
AB  - A comparative study of single unit activity in frontal cortex and periaqueductal
      gray (PAG) was carried out in dogs during classical conditioning. Three types of
      neuron reactions were identified: on-off responses to a conditioned stimulus and
      to the reward presentation, tonic responses during the conditioned stimulus and
      tonic responses to food reinforcement. The distribution of neuron responses in
      structures under study proved to be different. The neurons responding tonically
      during feeding were 2 times more frequently encountered in PAG than in the
      frontal cortex, on the other hand, the percentage of neurons with phasic on-off
      responses was 2 times higher in the frontal cortex than in PAG. A conclusion is
      made that the genesis of different types of responses was determined by different
      inputs to cortical neurons. During feeding some neurons in PAG and frontal cortex
      were activated from the common source.

PMID- 3713914
TI  - [Projections of the neurons of the medial terminal nucleus of the accessory optic
      tract to the caudate nucleus of the cat detected by the combined methods of
      retrograde axonal transport and experimental degeneration].
AB  - Projections of neurons of the medial terminal nucleus of the accessory optic
      tract receiving direct retinal inputs to the head and body of caudate nucleus are
      shown in cat by the retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase and
      experimental degeneration. These projections are mainly ipsilateral and uniformly
      distributed in the above mentioned parts of the nucleus. The neurons of the
      medial terminal nucleus establishing synaptic connections with caudate neurons
      have different shapes and sizes (from 20 X 10 microns to 37.5 X 18 microns) and
      are located both in the ventral and dorsal parts of the nucleus. Conclusions are
      made about functional significance of these projections in the regulation of the
      muscular tension.

PMID- 3713915
TI  - [Neurohistologic and histochemical characteristics of Loeschke's zone of the
      medulla in the cat].
AB  - Neuronal organization and transmitter characteristics of chemosensitive area on
      the ventral medulla surface (zone L) of the cat were studied using
      neurohistological and histochemical methods. Neurons of different shape and size
      are heterogeneously distributed in zone L. They are concentrated mostly at the
      level of the hypoglossal nerve root, their number decreasing in the rostral and
      caudal directions. Negligible part of zone L neurons is choline- and
      monoaminergic, whereas the majority of neurons appears to release other
      transmitters. Cholinergic and noncholinergic cholinoceptive neurons as well as
      neurons sensitive to catecholamines and serotonin, are found in zone L. The
      conclusion is made that catecholamine-, serotonin- and cholinergic fibres found
      in zone L may be of local origin or run from other structures.

PMID- 3713916
TI  - [Features of the action of opioid peptides and naloxone on the tissues of the
      central and peripheral nervous system during cultivation].
AB  - The effect of opioid peptides (leu-enkephalin, a synthetic analog of leu
      enkephalin) and naloxone on the organotypic culture of rat spinal cord and dorsal
      root ganglia was studied. The explants' outgrowth and dorsal root ganglion neuron
      survival were studied. Peptides (10(-9) M-10(-10)M) and naloxone (10(-5) M-10(-6)
      M) were found to be able to stimulate fibre outgrowth from the explant, to
      increase the numbers of glia and fibroblast type cells in the ganglion growth
      zone. It is suggested that opioid peptides can be used as a source of nonspecific
      growth factor for nervous tissue of peripheral and central nerve system.

PMID- 3713917
TI  - [Characteristics of program-type movements in lesions of various cerebellar
      systems in man].
AB  - Mechanisms of participation of two main cerebellar systems, i.e. lateral and
      intermedial ones, in control of preprogrammed voluntary movements have been
      studied in man. Related movements were analyzed in healthy subjects and in groups
      of patients suffering from different forms of cerebellar and pyramidal disorders.
      The task consisted of series of dorsal or plantar flexions of foot of increasing
      amplitudes with minimal amplitude of neighbouring movements. It was shown that
      both the lateral and intermedial cerebellar lesions were followed by deep
      alterations in program motor control mechanisms, however the intensity and
      specific features of alterations in two groups under study differed
      significantly. In patients suffering from pyramidal lesions the ability to
      perform programmed movements was lost completely.

PMID- 3713918
TI  - [Features of responses of the neurons of the caudate nucleus to various
      localizations of a photic stimulus in the visual field of the alert cat].
AB  - The responses of caudate neurons to restricted light stimuli differently located
      in the visual field were studied during natural fixation of the gaze on the
      visual target in awake cats. 71% of visually responsive neurons were sensitive to
      changing of stimulus location. It indicates that some neurons (17%) had
      restricted receptive fields in the centre of the gaze, other neurons (17%) had
      decreasing sensitivity to stimuli removed from the centre of the field and 37% of
      responsive neurons received information of different quality from different parts
      of the visual field. It is suggested that caudate nucleus neurons participate in
      the analysis of visual sensory information.

PMID- 3713919
TI  - [Features of the cytoarchitectonics of the periaqueductal gray of the cat
      midbrain].
AB  - When studying cytoarchitectonics of the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) in cat
      four areas were distinguished: medial, dorsal, lateral rostral and lateral
      caudal. They differ in size and distribution density of neurons.

PMID- 3713920
TI  - [Detection of the activation of the motor cortex of the cat during movement of an
      extremity using thermomapping of the brain].
AB  - In chronic experiments on cats the distribution of temperature on the dorsal
      surface of the cerebral cortex and its dynamics were studied through unopened
      skull by the thermovision and digital image processing technique. During the
      reflex movement of the forelimb and after it focal biphasic thermoreactions in
      the motor cortex which lasted for up to 30 s and sign-opposite thermoreactions in
      symmetrical points of both hemispheres were revealed.

PMID- 3713921
TI  - Time trends in cancer incidence in the German Democratic Republic 1968-1981.
AB  - Cancer incidence data from the National Cancer Registry of the German Democratic
      Republic were analyzed over the period 1968-1981. A regression model of the form
      log y = a + bx was fitted to the annual age-standardized incidence rates. The
      average annual percentage change in rates was used to summarize the temporal
      trend in cancer incidence. The greatest increase in incidence occurred for
      cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx. The greatest decrease was seen for
      stomach (females), small intestine (males) and cervical cancers.

PMID- 3713922
TI  - Tumor associated macrophage mediated lysis of autologous tumor cells.
AB  - Lysis of autologous tumor cells (ATC) mediated by the tumor associated
      macrophages (TAM) was studied by 4 h 51Cr-release assay at different days of
      growth of a transplantable ascites tumor, S-180, inoculated in adult male Swiss
      mice. The ATC were coated with serum of tumor bearing mice. On day 3 after tumor
      inoculation the TAM mediated a remarkable lysis of the tumor serum coated ATC.
      With advancement of tumor growth the cytolysis by TAM decreased gradually to the
      basal level at day 10 and totally abrogated at day 12. Also the binding of the
      tumor serum coated ATC by TAM varied at different days of tumor growth. At early
      phases of tumor growth high lytic activity of the TAM was correlated with
      augmented target binding. The observed lysis may be considered as antibody
      dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) extended by the TAM, since presence
      of specific tumor antibodies were demonstrated in the tumor serum used for
      coating ATC. No significant lysis was recorded when the ATC was coated with
      normal serum or used as such for direct lysis by the TAM. In vitro treatment of
      the TAM with suitable doses of Levamisole and Polyionosinic-polycyticyclic acid
      further augmented the TAM mediated high level of ADCC at day 3 with no change in
      its binding of ATC. The immunopotentiators enhanced both ADCC and target binding
      ability of the functionally depressed TAM at day 10.

PMID- 3713923
TI  - A novel nontoxic alkyl-phospholipid with selective antitumor activity, plasmanyl
      (N-acyl)-ethanolamine (PNAE), isolated from degenerating chick embryonal tissues
      and from an anticancer biopreparation cACPL.
AB  - A novel alkyl-phospholipid with selective antitumor activity was isolated from an
      anticancer biopreparation cACPL (crude anticancer phospholipids) and from tissues
      of degenerating chick embryos. The alkyl-phospholipid was isolated and purified
      by chromatographic methods using silicic acid column chromatography and thin
      layer chromatography. The chemical structure of the alkyl-phospholipid was
      characterized by thin-layer chromatographic analysis of the degradation products
      after enzymatic digestion with phospholipase C from Bacillus cereus and with
      phospholipase D, by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography, infrared spectrum,
      and mass spectrometric analysis. The alkyl-phospholipid was identified as 1-O
      alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(N-acyl)-ethanolamine, i.e. plasmanyl-(N-acyl)
      ethanolamine (PNAE), the main molecular species being 1-O-octadecyl-2-oleoyl-sn
      glycero-3-phospho-(N-palmitoyl)-ethanol-amine. PNAE exhibits a selective
      cytolytic effect on human tumor cells HEp-2, HeLa and T24 in tissue cultures at
      the concentration of 25 micrograms PNAE per ml and 66-98% inhibition of DNA
      synthesis in the human tumor cells at concentration as low as 2.5 micrograms/ml,
      but it does not inhibit at a 50-fold higher concentration the DNA synthesis and
      normal growth of human fibroblasts (cell line LEP). PNAE represents the main
      biologically active antitumor component of the cACPL biopreparation and exhibits
      a significant antitumor effect in vivo in B10/An mice bearing Mc11 fibrosarcoma.
      Possible molecular mechanism of the selective antitumor activity of PNAE is
      discussed, involving the selective disturbance of phospholipid metabolism in
      tumor cells, leading to progressive destruction of tumor cell membranes. The fact
      that PNAE is nontoxic and selectively active against tumor cells at nanomolar
      concentrations in vitro as well as in vivo, indicates the possibility of its
      clinical use. PNAE and cACPL biopreparation might provide a very useful new tool
      for human anticancer chemotherapy.

PMID- 3713924
TI  - Modification of tumor cell sensitivity to antineoplastic agents lonidamine and
      bouvardin (NSC 259968) at elevated temperatures.
AB  - Lymphocytic leukemia P388 and Sarcoma-180 cells were exposed to various
      concentrations (0.01 mM to 0.04 mM) of lonidamine at 37 degrees C and 43 degrees
      C for 30 min and 60 min in vitro. Similarly combined effect of lonidamine and
      bouvardin on these tumor cells was also assessed at 37 degrees C and 43 degrees
      C. The effect was evaluated by comparing the rate of 3H-thymidine incorporation
      in treated cells to that of control cells. It was observed that at 37 degrees C
      lonidamine did not exert cytotoxic effect on P388 cells at prescribed time
      interval. Sarcoma-180 cells, however, showed significant sensitivity to the drug
      at 37 degrees C. Lonidamine exhibited greater cytotoxicity at 43 degrees C
      towards both P388 and Sarcoma-180 cells at 30 and 60 min exposure. Lonidamine
      also enhanced cytotoxicity of bouvardin in P388 and reversed the natural
      resistance of Sarcoma-180 cells to bouvardin at 37 degrees C.

PMID- 3713925
TI  - Cancer chemotherapy induces a transient increase of serum-iron level.
AB  - Twenty eight consecutive patients with advanced solid malignancies were studied
      for variations in serum iron level after a first course of chemotherapy. Eleven
      different schedules involving twelve drugs were administered. Serum-iron level
      and serum siderophyllin, hemogram, reticulocytes, inflammatory tests, hemolysis
      parameters and hepatic enzymes were evaluated before treatment and around the
      fourth, twelfth and twenty first day after. Response to treatment was measured in
      all patients. In each patient, regardless of the sex, nature of the tumor or
      drugs administered, a high increase of serum-iron level was observed between the
      third and the seventh day after the start of treatment (mean: +263%, range: 78
      953%). In twenty one patients, sideremia overstepped the normal range. This
      variation of serum iron level was transient and the level of sideremia approached
      the initial rate when it was measured around the thirteenth day after the start
      of treatment. This phenomenon did not appear to be related to tumor lysis,
      hemolysis, liver cytolysis or improvement of the inflammatory syndrome. The
      constant observation of reduction in reticulocytes concurrent with the increase
      in serum-iron, suggests a mechanism involving impairment of the reticulo
      endothelial cells implicated in iron metabolism, due to anticancer drugs. Among
      the drugs used in this study, actinomycin D, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide and 5
      fluorouracil seem to be imputed in the phenomenon observed.

PMID- 3713926
TI  - Copper and zinc concentrations, and superoxide dismutase activities in malignant
      and nonmalignant tissues of female reproductive organs.
AB  - The copper and zinc concentrations in 44 malignant and 48 nonmalignant women
      tissue samples of reproductive organs in women were measured. In malignant
      samples, the mean copper concentrations were 110%, 76%, and 38% higher for
      cervix, endometrium and ovary than the nonmalignant ones. The zinc concentrations
      in the analysed malignant tissues were lower than that in the corresponding
      nonmalignant tissues. The results of superoxide dismutase activities
      determinations demonstrate a considerable lowering of the enzymatic capacities to
      remove free oxygen radical in malignant tissues. A hypothesis for possible
      mechanism involving elevated copper concentrations, and decreased zinc
      concentrations, which may be responsible for malignant processes, are presented.

PMID- 3713927
TI  - Trepanobiopsy as a tool for the study of the influence of presurgical treatment
      on the steroid receptor status of advanced breast cancer.
AB  - Estrogen, progesterone and glucocorticoid receptors were determined in samples
      obtained by trepanobiopsy before treatment and in surgical material following
      chemo- or radiotherapy in 131 Stage III a, b, c breast cancer patients. The
      levels and distribution of the receptors in bioptates coincided with the data
      obtained earlier for the surgical material from patients, who didn't receive
      presurgical therapy. It is concluded that breast tumor trepanobioptates may be
      used for the determination of tumor receptor status. Radiotherapy affected the
      level and frequency of occurrence of steroid hormone receptors. The degree of
      variations depended on the dosage of irradiation and after exposure period. After
      presurgical chemotherapy the percent of receptor-positive tumors increased.

PMID- 3713928
TI  - A variant of a descriptive epidemiological study of cancer with the aid of a
      minicomputer.
AB  - The presented method of descriptive epidemiological study with the aid of a
      computer was designed using the model of an average district with a data file of
      carcinoma incidence from the period 1975-1983. The method is based on processing
      the statistical characteristics of a data file and on their evaluation. Plotting
      the coordinates of the communities and of the boundaries of the district
      constitutes the frame for the construction of maps. The population is divided
      into age groups of 5 years, incidence is standardized with respect to the age
      standard of the district. The selection of boundaries (isolines) of zones in the
      maps is based on the evaluation of the distribution of incidences and on the
      relative number of inhabitants in communities classified according to the
      standardized values. The application of the study to the work of centers for
      clinical oncology is discussed.

PMID- 3713929
TI  - [Classification of personality disorders].

PMID- 3713930
TI  - [Spasmodic torticollis. A study of symptoms, course, family history and
      psychopathology].

PMID- 3713931
TI  - [Psychometric studies of cerebral performance before and following extra
      intracranial bypass operations].
AB  - 34 patients suffering from cerebro-vascular occlusive disease and treated by an
      extra-intracranial anastomosis (EIAB) were examined by 5 different psychological
      tests (Test d 2, Benton Test, Revision Test, Subtest "ZN" of the Hawie, K-L-T)
      before and after the operation. The results showed a significant improvement of
      intellectual functioning in most cases. In a addition, disturbances of drive and
      activity and symptoms of depression were all diminished.

PMID- 3713932
TI  - [A special case of attempted double suicide].

PMID- 3713933
TI  - [Auditory hallucinations in hearing loss. Case report].

PMID- 3713934
TI  - Population-based registration of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the region covered by
      the Comprehensive Cancer Centre West. The registry of diagnosis and therapy.

PMID- 3713935
TI  - Leiomyoblastoma of the stomach.

PMID- 3713936
TI  - The Netherlands Society of Gastroenterology. Abstracts of papers. October 4-5,
      1985, Noordwijkerhout.

PMID- 3713937
TI  - Non-invasive parathyroid tumour imaging: a warning.

PMID- 3713938
TI  - Medical use of alpha-glycosidase inhibitors.

PMID- 3713939
TI  - Thrombocytopenic purpura, coeliac disease and IgA deficiency.

PMID- 3713940
TI  - Peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: analysis of an 8-year
      experience.
AB  - Experiences with peritonitis in a continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
      (CAPD) program at a single center over 8 years were reviewed. Home-acquired
      peritonitis rates have been less than 1 episode per patient year since 1982. Gram
      positive organisms continue to account for most episodes in a similar proportion.
      Actual known contamination could be pinpointed in only 7.4% of cases, but was
      strongly suspected in 35.8% of episodes. Exit site and/or tunnel infections were
      thought to have caused 20% of the cases. Intrinsic peritonitis probably accounted
      for 10.5%. Recurrence of peritonitis with the same organisms following cessation
      of antibiotics represented only 2.1% of cases.

PMID- 3713941
TI  - Internal jugular vein cannulation using 2 silastic catheters. A new, simple and
      safe long-term vascular access for extracorporeal treatment.
AB  - Subclavian vein cannulation, although a major progress in temporary vascular
      access, was associated with a significant morbidity and mortality. A safer
      alternative technique would therefore be welcome. For the last 2 years, we
      developed a new approach consisting in internal jugular vein cannulation (IJVC)
      with 2 silicone rubber catheters with a long-term proved biocompatibility. 138
      pairs of cannulae were inserted in 129 uremics patients. Mean duration of use was
      54 days (1 day to 17 months). More than 3,000 high-performance HD sessions were
      performed. IJVC handling and care was easily managed by nurses. Low incidence of
      complications was observed: 2 thrombosis episodes, 3 skin infection with 2
      septicemiae, 1 air embolism, 1 anaphylactoid reaction. No death was related to
      the technique itself. IJVC offers a new method of percutaneous central vein
      cannulation, providing a safe and reliable temporary vascular access immediately
      usable for all kinds of extracorporeal treatment.

PMID- 3713942
TI  - Enhanced in vitro platelet aggregation in hemodialysis patients.
AB  - Hemodialysis patients suffer from premature atherosclerosis and various
      thrombotic and thromboembolic phenomena. Despite enhanced in vivo platelet
      activity, it is unclear whether in vitro platelet aggregation is increased or
      reduced in this population. We studied platelet aggregation in response to
      adenosine diphosphate and to epinephrine in 20 chronic hemodialysis patients and
      21 controls. In the patient group the in vitro platelet aggregation was
      significantly enhanced in response to both aggregating agents. Our study
      demonstrated that in vitro platelet aggregation is enhanced in patients with
      chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis.

PMID- 3713943
TI  - Water immersion in an anuric cirrhotic patient.
AB  - An anuric ESRD patient on chronic hemodialysis with liver cirrhosis and
      refractory ascites was treated with ultrafiltration followed by head-out water
      immersion (HWI) and a new period of ultrafiltration. Despite anuria and the
      absence of peripheral edema, 4 h of HWI significantly raised the central venous
      pressure, diminished the abdominal girth by 5%, and successfully transfered at
      least 2.4 liters of ascitic fluid to the intravascular space made available to
      ultrafiltration. Dialysis or ultrafiltration alone were not effective in removing
      this amount of fluid or in reducing ascites.

PMID- 3713944
TI  - Lactic acidosis coma in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

PMID- 3713945
TI  - Hyperuricemia and increase in postsecretory reabsorption of uric acid.

PMID- 3713946
TI  - Sodium retention in experimental glomerulonephritis and natriuretic factor.

PMID- 3713947
TI  - Urinary magnesium in response to an oral calcium load.

PMID- 3713948
TI  - Thyroglobulin and thyroid function in patients on regular hemodialysis.

PMID- 3713949
TI  - Protein-energy metabolism in children with impaired renal function.

PMID- 3713950
TI  - Suppression of parathyroid hormone by therapy with a mixture of keto
      analogues/amino acids in hemodialysis patients.
AB  - In the present study the influence of a mixture of keto analogues/amino acids
      (KA) on PTH levels in 18 RDT patients was examined. Ten of them were treated with
      KA over a period of 3 months, while the other 8 patients served as control group.
      The KA-treated patients showed a significant fall in PTH and plasma phosphate
      levels, while no changes of plasma 25-OH-D or plasma calcitonin were observed.
      Consequently, KA administration may also be beneficial with respect to control of
      secondary hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 3713951
TI  - Effects of exercise training during hemodialysis.
AB  - Fourteen maintenance hemodialysis patients volunteered to participate in a 6
      month program of exercise training. The exercise was performed on a stationary
      bicycle during the hemodialysis treatment. Six maintenance hemodialysis patients
      served as control without exercise training. Exercising patients participated in
      91% of all possible exercise sessions. The exercise group showed a significant
      (23%) increase in maximal oxygen consumption over the 6 months. No change in
      exercise capacity resulted in the control group. Five of eight hypertensive
      patients in the exercise group decreased or discontinued antihypertensive
      medications. No changes occurred in hematocrit or lipid profiles in either group.
      We conclude that exercise training during the hemodialysis treatment is
      technically feasible and safe for appropriately screened patients and will
      increase exercise capacity, and in some patients improve blood pressure control.
      Exercise during dialysis also improves compliance to regular exercise and
      facilitates supervised exercise sessions, which are desirable in this patient
      group.

PMID- 3713952
TI  - Twelve months' follow-up by night sleep EEG after recovery from severe head
      trauma.
AB  - Night sleep EEG recordings were obtained in patients, 1, 6, and 12 months after
      recovery from severe head trauma with signs of brain stem dysfunction.
      Modifications of intra-sleep wakefulness (W.) and REM sleep were observed but
      none of slow wave sleep (SWS). At one month after regaining consciousness, the
      lower the initial level of brain stem dysfunction, the greater the sleep
      disturbances were. At six months, improvement was observed. At one year, sleep
      disturbances increased again mainly in patients between 35 and 45 years old.
      These results are best compared to those observed in normal but elderly people,
      over 70 years.

PMID- 3713953
TI  - Recurrent cystic craniopharyngioma management and course.
AB  - A 54-year-old woman had a permanent catheter placed connecting the cavity of an
      inoperable recurrent cystic craniopharyngioma and an extracranial reservoir for
      easy decompression by aspiration. The cyst refilled so frequently that radiation
      was given to the cystic tumour. Almost four years after radiation treatment, the
      patient has been well and no aspirations have been required. The cyst "dried out"
      and a year after radiation injection of isotope through the reservoir showed that
      the intracranial end of the catheter was now lodging in ventricular or cisternal
      space.

PMID- 3713954
TI  - [Significance of preoperative CT diagnosis of Echinococcus cysts of the brain].
AB  - The preoperative diagnosis of hydatid disease of the brain is decisive for the
      outcome, i.e. the cyst must be removed unruptured. Eleven patients had typical CT
      findings of hydatid disease which was confirmed by operation. The CT findings are
      usually highly characteristic: The CT demonstrates a cystic spherical lesion,
      with sharply defined cyst walls. The CT values of the cyst contents are similar
      to that of CSF. There is usually no perifocal oedema.

PMID- 3713955
TI  - Primary brain stem haemorrhages: clinico-radiological considerations on five
      cases observed.
AB  - Five patients with primary brain stem haemorrhage are reported, of whom four
      survived. One died from complications involving other organs. The diagnosis was
      made by computerized tomography which also allowed the temporal evolution of the
      lesion to be followed. The importance of haemorrhagic lesions in brain stem
      vascular pathology with regard to ischaemic lesions is re-evaluated.

PMID- 3713956
TI  - Association of internal carotid aneurysm and temporal glioblastoma.
AB  - A 52-year-old woman had a right temporal glioblastoma six months after an
      operation for a right internal carotid aneurysm. In the literature there are no
      reports of gliomas arising in the region of a preceding craniotomy for an
      aneurysm. The rare association of brain tumours with arterial aneurysms and the
      pathogenetic theories are discussed. The authors suppose that in their case there
      is a relationship between the vascular changes due to the aneurysm and the
      operation and the growth of the malignant glioma.

PMID- 3713957
TI  - Chronic subdural haematoma from cerebral arteriovenous malformation.
AB  - In a review of 122 intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) observed
      between 1970 and 1983, we have found the extremely rare occurrence of a chronic
      subdural haematoma overlying a frontal AVM. In this case the picture of a
      presumed primary epilepsy was complicated by symptoms of raised intracranial
      pressure, which warranted admission and neuroradiological examination. The
      pathogenesis of the haematoma is briefly discussed.

PMID- 3713958
TI  - Spinal haemangiolipoma. Three case reports.
AB  - Three cases of haemangiolipoma are described. Two of them were in the thoracic
      region and one in the lumbar region. All of them were subtotally removed,
      positively diagnosed histologically and good recovery was obtained. In reviewing
      16 previous cases, the clinical characteristics, neurological features and
      neuroradiological findings were noted. Spinal extradural haemangiolipomas show a
      high incidence in middle-aged people and at the mid-thoracic level. Usually they
      show the signs of an extradural space-occupying lesion. Sometimes, worsening and
      improving are found particularly in female cases. Reviewing the existing
      literature, our diagnosis and procedures stress the importance of technical
      aspects in performing myelography and the findings of CT scanning.

PMID- 3713959
TI  - Low-level lead exposure affects latent learning in the rat.
AB  - Neonatal rats were administered intragastrically either lead acetate (50 mg Pb/kg
      BW) or an equal molar solution of sodium acetate at days 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18
      postpartum. At 33 days of age, each animal began a training sequence to develop
      maze running skills. Animals within each treatment group, i.e., lead exposed
      (Pb), control vehicle (CV), and control nonhandled (CNH) were assigned randomly
      to either latent learning or open-field testing groups. The former individually
      explored a symmetrical maze while satiated; the latter were exposed to an
      apparatus devoid of barriers. All animals were then food deprived and
      appetitively tested in the latent learning maze. The Pb, CV, and CNH animals
      naive to the maze did not differ in maze performance. The CV and CNH animals that
      previously experienced the maze committed fewer errors than non-experienced
      counterparts. Pb treated animals showed no evidence of a positive transfer effect
      of their earlier experience.

PMID- 3713960
TI  - Effects of prenatal aluminum exposure on neuromotor maturation in the rat.
AB  - The oral treatment of pregnant rats with AlCl3 was realized from 8th day of
      gestation to parturition to determine its influence on the neuromotor development
      of the young rats with a bank of assessment tests. As the quality of the maternal
      care has an influence on young rat development, the maternal behavior had also
      been quantified with different parameters. The results indicated that aluminum,
      at the two doses (160 and 200 mg/kg), had no effect on food intake, the weight of
      females and their maternal behavior. On the other hand, pre-weaning mortality was
      significantly increased in the treated dams' young. Surviving pups showed a delay
      in their neuromotor development as well as a weight delay during the first
      postnatal week. Different explicative hypotheses have been considered.

PMID- 3713961
TI  - Residual behavioral incapacitation after therapy of soman intoxication: the
      effect of a soman simulator.
AB  - When rats are intoxicated with high doses of the cholinesterase inhibitor soman
      (5-8 X LD50), the compound is temporarily stored in a "depot" from which it is
      gradually released. Thus, despite an initially successful therapy with the oxime
      HI-6 and atropine, the released soman re-intoxicates the organism and death may
      ensue in several hours. Soman simulators, i.e., non-toxic structural analogues of
      soman, have been synthesized which are capable of preventing death in soman
      poisoned rats by modifying the accumulation and release of soman from its depot.
      Earlier experiments have demonstrated that prophylaxis with the simulator
      pinacolyl dimethyl phosphinate (PDP) combined with HI-6 and atropine is capable
      of preventing death in animals heavily poisoned with soman. Moreover, gross
      observation of successfully treated animals suggested that they were in fairly
      good condition with respect to general health and neurological functioning. Since
      the degree of behavioral impairment remaining after soman intoxication and
      subsequent treatment may be a crucial factor for survival under difficult
      circumstances, quantitative behavioral experiments were carried out to
      substantiate these observational findings. Using a recently developed,
      tv/microprocessor-based system for the measurement of coordinated hindlimb
      movement in the rat, the residual behavioral effects of successful soman therapy
      were evaluated. Performance of animals treated with atropine sulphate (25 mg/kg,
      IP), soman (5 X LD50, IV), HI-6 (56 mg/kg, IV) and the soman simulator PDP was
      compared to that of animals similarly treated but without additional PDP
      treatment and to that of saline controls in a series of experiments, varying dose
      and time of injection of PDP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3713962
TI  - Congenital hydrocephalus following X-irradiation of pregnant rats on an early
      gestational day.
AB  - When pregnant rats were X-irradiated at a dose of 100 R on gestational day 9.5, a
      considerable number of postnatally-viable hydrocephalic offspring resulted, all
      of which were accompanied with bilateral micro- or anophthalmia. Histological
      studies revealed that the cerebral aqueduct of the congenital hydrocephalic brain
      was severely stenosed, and the subcommissural organ was reduced in size and
      displaced at some distance from the anterior end of the cerebral aqueduct. From
      embryological studies, it was considered that the maldevelopment of the
      subcommissural organ in the X-irradiated fetus might cause a reduction in the
      amount of its secretions which function as a cushion preventing complete closure
      of the cerebral aqueduct during fetal life, resulting in stenosis of the cerebral
      aqueduct.

PMID- 3713963
TI  - Autoshaped discrimination learning in chicks incubated under normobaric
      hyperoxia.
AB  - White Leghorn chicken eggs were exposed to either 60% O2 or room air (21% O2) for
      the first 19 days of incubation. Chicks that hatched from these eggs were then
      tested in discrimination learning tasks in which keypecking was autoshaped to
      colored lights that were paired with either access to food (Experiment 1) or heat
      (Experiment 2). Chronic prenatal exposure to 60% O2 reduced hatchability but did
      not affect mean hatching time. Although previous research has shown that
      hyperoxic treatment accelerates growth in chick embryos until the 18th day of
      incubation, experimental chicks weighed either the same (Experiment 1) or less
      (Experiment 2) than controls at hatching. Prenatal exposure to hyperoxia
      depressed rate of acquisition, but not final performance level in both
      discrimination tasks. The initial performance deficit appeared to reflect a
      temporary depression of activity or arousal, possibly due to a relatively greater
      hypothermia in experimental chicks. This general pattern of results was
      attributed to premature depletion of essential nutrients within the egg as a
      result of oxygen-induced growth acceleration.

PMID- 3713964
TI  - Effects of sodium cyanide upon swimming performance in guinea-pigs and the
      conferment of protection by pretreatment with p-aminopropiophenone.
AB  - The swimming performance of guinea-pigs was degraded following administration of
      sodium cyanide (NaCN) at doses which were not lethal for individual animals.
      Decrements in performance were observed two minutes following subcutaneous
      administration of NaCN, were maximal at 8-16 minutes and, at the highest dose
      tested, did not return to control levels until 64-128 minutes. Pretreatment with
      p-aminopropiophenone (PAPP) at a dose inducing 7-15% methemoglobinemia (met.Hb),
      15-90 minutes after administration, protected animals against the effects of NaCN
      upon swimming performance. However, the protection decreased as the interval
      between PAPP and NaCN was increased from 15 to 75 minutes. These data suggested
      that NaCN may affect both motor and cognitive function in guinea-pigs. The
      relevance of this animal model for predicting the behavioural effects of cyanide
      poisoning for assessing the protective efficacy of pretreatment with PAPP in
      humans is discussed.

PMID- 3713965
TI  - Behavioral correlates of soman-induced neuropathology: deficits in DRL
      acquisition.
AB  - Rats (N = 45) pretrained to lever press for milk reinforcement on a continuous
      reinforcement (CRF) schedule were injected with 100-110 micrograms/kg of the
      anticholinesterase soman (N = 24) or saline (N = 21) SC. Subjects exposed to
      soman experienced moderate to severe acute symptoms of anticholinesterase
      intoxication. After a 3 week recovery period, all surviving subjects were
      retrained on CRF, then given 45 training sessions on a differential reinforcement
      of low rates (DRL) 20 sec schedule, followed by 10 sessions of extinction. Brains
      of all subjects were then examined for evidence of neuropathology. Subjects
      exposed to soman showed no improvement over sessions in the number of
      reinforcements earned on the DRL schedule due to an inefficient patterning of
      responses. There were no differences between groups in the number of total DRL
      responses or terminal extinction responses. Neuropathology was most evident in
      dorsal thalamic areas, primary olfactory/piriform cortex and amygdala of subjects
      exposed to soman. There were significant correlations between the severity of
      acute intoxication scores, degree of neuropathology, and deficits in DRL
      performance. The results demonstrate that exposure to high doses of this
      anticholinesterase agent can result in neural damage and persistent decrements in
      performance of certain operant tasks.

PMID- 3713966
TI  - Behavioral effects in mice exposed to nitrous oxide or halothane: prenatal vs.
      postnatal exposure.
AB  - Mice exposed to four or six hours of nitrous oxide or halothane differed from
      controls on a variety of tests conducted before weaning. Whereas many agents that
      produce behavioral terata have very different effects at different stages of
      brain development, these inhalant anesthetics had similar effects, whether
      exposure occurred on the 14th day of gestation or two days after birth. Both
      treatment times and both agents were associated with delays in the appearance of
      developmental landmarks and delays in the appearance of righting reflexes and
      locomotion. The level of general activity just before weaning tended to be low in
      all treated groups and was significantly depressed in males exposed to N2O
      postnatally. The distribution of activity scores was shifted significantly in
      both postnatal groups compared to controls. The data are compatible with human
      studies suggesting that inhalants at parturition have an effect on early
      behavior. The persistence of effects over the first three weeks of life does not
      fit with the idea that the behavioral effects are mediated by continued presence
      of the drug. The similar effects of the two agents, which produce very different
      degrees of anesthesia, supports earlier studies suggesting that the
      teratogenicity of inhalants is independent of the level of anesthesia produced.

PMID- 3713967
TI  - General activity from weaning to maturity in mice exposed to halothane or nitrous
      oxide.
AB  - Mice exposed to 6 hours of 75% N2O or 0.5% halothane on the 14th day of gestation
      and mice exposed to 4 hours of 75% N2O or 0.5% halothane on the second day of
      life were tested for general activity at 3 ages. Just before weaning, all treated
      groups appeared hypoactive and there was a significant effect in the postnatal
      nitrous oxide group. Both postnatal groups had deviant distributions of scores,
      compared to sham-exposed controls. The main effect of treatment was greater in
      young adulthood, when the prenatal halothane group differed from controls. This
      group and the postnatal groups had excess numbers of low-scoring animals. At six
      months, the main effect of treatment was no longer significant, but the unusual
      distribution of scores was still present in the postnatal halothane group.
      Correlations of individual scores over the whole experiment suggested that early
      activity measures were significantly related to later scores. Within treatment
      groups, controls and postnatal nitrous oxide animals were the most consistent
      over time. Both agents appear to alter activity levels for periods too long to be
      explained by lingering presence of the drug or its metabolities.

PMID- 3713968
TI  - Tetrachloroethylene: levels of DNA and S-100 in the gerbil CNS after chronic
      exposure.
AB  - Concentrations of the astroglial protein S-100, DNA and protein were studied in
      different regions of the gerbil CNS after chronic tetrachloroethylene exposure.
      The animals were exposed by continuous inhalation at 60 or 320 ppm for three
      months, followed by a four month solvent-free period. Increased concentrations of
      S-100, indicative of astroglial hypertrophy and/or proliferation, were found not
      only in the hippocampus and in the cerebral occipital cortex, but also in the
      cerebellar areas. In the frontal cerebral cortex, decreased S-100 and DNA
      concentrations were found to be concomitant with a decreased wet weight of the
      area, suggesting an atrophy which also affects the astroglial cells. This atrophy
      also is reflected in decreased DNA concentrations found after exposure at 60 ppm
      in this region of the brain. These results are consistent with the observation
      that tetrachloroethylene is a potent neurotoxin, as changes in the gerbil brain
      were found even at exposure levels as low as 60 ppm.

PMID- 3713969
TI  - [Effect of total cholesterol level on platelet aggregation in patients with
      migraine].
AB  - In 34 women with simple migraine the total cholesterol concentration in the serum
      and the platelet aggregation index according to Wu and Hoak were determined. The
      blood cholesterol levels differed in them. Two groups of patients were isolated:
      group I with cholesterol level above the upper normal range and group II with
      cholesterol within this range. The mean concentration of this lipid differed
      significantly between these groups (p less than 0.001). The platelet aggregation
      index in group I was significantly lower than in the group with normal
      cholesterol level (p less than 0.05). During migraine attack a further fall was
      observed in the platelet aggregation index in the group with high cholesterol
      level (p less than 0.01). The authors suppose that cholesterol concentration may
      be one of the factors determining differences in platelet behaviour in migraine
      patients.

PMID- 3713970
TI  - [Characteristics of the clinical features and pharmacological treatment of
      epileptics with frequent seizures].
AB  - The analysis of clinical features of groups of patients with frequent and rare
      epileptic seizures showed that the mean age of the first seizure, the mean age at
      the time of examination, and the mean duration of the disease were not
      significantly different in both studied groups. In the group with frequent
      seizures a significantly more frequent presence of features indicating serious
      organic brain damage was found (more frequent occurrence of known aetiological
      factors, more cases of posttraumatic epilepsy, psychic and neurological
      abnormalities). In group C changes in the background activity in EEG were also
      more frequent. The analysis of pharmacological treatment showed a more frequent
      application of polytherapy in group C. On the other hand, the mean levels of
      antiepileptic drugs in the serum and the mean doses of these drugs for kg of body
      mass were not significantly different in both groups. In about 40% of patients in
      both groups the prescribed drugs failed to reach the levels generally regarded as
      therapeutic (slightly more frequently in the group with rare seizures). This was
      true mainly of PHT since about 81% of patients in both groups failed to reach the
      therapeutic level of the drug (10 ug/ml). The likely causes of this fact were:
      too low doses prescribed (55% of the patients were given doses below the
      generally recommended), lower bioavailability of PHT (27% of patients had no
      therapeutic level of the drug in the serum, despite doses exceeding 5 mg/kg); or
      drug interaction. This requires elucidation in further studies.

PMID- 3713971
TI  - [Hoffmann's reflex in the evaluation of peripheral nerve fibers in alcoholism
      with early neurological changes].
AB  - Motor nerve conduction was assessed in the tibial nerve and the conduction of H
      reflex was studied from the gastrocnemius muscle in a group of 30 healthy
      controls and 30 alcoholics without evident signs of neuropathy. Significantly
      greater abnormalities were found in the analysed parameters of Hoffmann's reflex
      latency, conduction velocity and index than in orthodromic motor nerve
      conduction. The obtained results suggest the usefulness of H reflex examination
      for the evaluation of the state of nerve fibres, especially at the time of early
      changes in the peripheral nerves and their proximal location.

PMID- 3713972
TI  - [Dynamics of clinical changes in correlation with computerized tomography in
      ischemic strokes].
AB  - Sixty patients with ischaemic stroke were studied observing during the acute
      period of the disease (10 days) changes in their neurological state in relation
      to findings in computerized tomography. It was found that in 24 patients with
      serious state changes prevailed involving nearly the whole lobe in CT. In
      patients with minor stroke CT demonstrated major lesions with involvement of a
      whole lobe as well as small deep lesions and cortical foci. In 27 patients the
      first CT examination demonstrated extensive lesions involving a whole lobe or a
      hemisphere. In this group clinical manifestations regressed completely in 3 cases
      within 10 days, in 15 cases an improvement was observed, 3 cases failed to
      improve and 6 patients died. In 12 cases with small cortical lesions regression
      of clinical manifestations was observed in 3 patients, 8 patients improved and
      one failed to improve. These observations showed a certain correlation between
      the clinical state and CT findings. Prognostic conclusions could be reached,
      however, only if a correlation existed between the clinical picture and CT. In
      case of lack of agreement, that is if extensive lesions coexisted with slight
      clinical changes or small lesions with a serious condition the clinical picture
      was of greater prognostic significance than CT findings.

PMID- 3713973
TI  - [Utilization of ambulatory health services by patients with disseminated
      sclerosis among the population of Lodz].
AB  - The reported study included patients with multiple sclerosis with a history of at
      least 5 years of the disease and aged 46 years or less, living in a big city. On
      the ground of history data obtained from the patients it was estimated that in
      the calendar year preceding the study one patient obtained about 11 medical
      services (in the office of a physician or in the patient's home) and about 10 of
      these services were given by the doctors of the public health service. The main
      role in the care of the patients was played by neurologists from the public
      health service, but the number of house visits provided by physicians of the
      basic health service was slightly higher than that provided by neurologists.
      Among the physicians working in medical cooperative or in private practice only
      the dentists had a more important role in providing of health services to the
      patients. Thirty percent of patients had no medical visits in outpatient clinics
      of social health service within a year preceding the study, despite a need for
      them, and 9% of them had no house visits of physicians. The percent of patients
      informed about the usefulness of motor rehabilitation treatment was at least half
      the proportion of patients with walking disturbances. The results indicate
      inadequate availability of health services for this group of outpatients,
      similarly as outpatient rehabilitation treatment and treatment in sanatorium,
      despite the index of employed medical personnel per population which is higher in
      this city than the average index for the whole country. These results suggest a
      necessity of undertaking of actions for improving the care of these patients.

PMID- 3713974
TI  - [Spinal deformities after laminectomy in children].
AB  - The authors discuss the problem of spinal deformity developing after laminectomy
      in the light of treated case. Clinical observations and literature survey
      indicate the necessity of orthopaedic consultation before operations impairing
      stabilization of the spine. Laminectomy, particularly with disturbance of the
      stability of articular processes is an indication to spondylodesis, and the
      presence of kyphosis and absence of posterior spinal elements are the primary
      indication to anterior spondylodesis.

PMID- 3713975
TI  - [A case of angioma of the spinal cord].
AB  - A case of angioma situated in the lumbosacral spinal cord is described in a man
      aged 35 years. During 10 months of conservative treatment and rehabilitation
      therapy the condition of the patient deteriorated, paralysis of lower extremities
      developed. The angioma was diagnosed during myelography. The patient was treated
      surgically, the angioma was removed, and after the operation and rehabilitation
      therapy an improvement of the neurological state was obtained.

PMID- 3713976
TI  - [The role of brain-stem vasomotor centers on the neurogenic control of
      cerebrovascular tonus. Part 2: The effect of stimulation of the medullary
      reticular formation on cerebrovascular tonus].
AB  - Acute brain swelling has been proposed to be caused by vasomotor paralysis
      secondary to disruption of metabolic and/or neurogenic control of cerebrovascular
      tone. In previous experiments, acute brain swelling was produced by stimulation
      of the reticular formation of the medulla oblongata (MORF) with destruction of
      the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (DM) and the reticular formation of
      the midbrain (MBRF) in 2 (out of 56) animals. The purpose of the present study is
      to clarify the effect of stimulation of the MORF on cerebrovascular tone. Using
      32 cats, blood pressure (BP), intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral blood
      volume (CBV) were continuously measured. The animals were divided into 4 groups:
      those in which the ICP was normal (Group A), those in which the ICP increased
      after subarachnoid hemorrhage (Group B), those which underwent superior cervical
      ganglionectomy (Group C) and those in which the spinal cord was transected at the
      C2 level (Group D). In all animals, the MORF was stimulated after the DM and MBRF
      were destroyed. Thirty minutes after cessation of stimulation, the BP was
      increased again by injection of angiotensin II until it reached the same level as
      with MORF stimulation. The vasomotor index (VI), defined by delta ICP/delta BP,
      was calculated and compared between the two situations. BP, ICP and CBV increased
      simultaneously immediately after MORF stimulation. In 29 out of the 32 animals,
      ICP increased abruptly from 2 to 48 mmHg and after ten seconds or more decreased
      gradually. The BP rose about 50 mmHg more slowly than the ICP. After cessation of
      MORF stimulation, BP, ICP and CBV returned to the control value.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3713977
TI  - [Importance of intraoperative monitoring of ABR and compound action potential of
      the eighth cranial nerve during microvascular decompression surgery].
AB  - An intraoperative recording of a direct compound action potential of the 8th
      cranial nerve with pre, intra and postoperative monitorings of auditory brainstem
      evoked response (ABR) was carried out for the purpose of clarifying mechanism and
      prevention of postoperative hearing dysfunction following microvascular
      decompression surgery as a treatment for hyperdysfunction syndrome of cranial
      nerves. In 221 patients with hemifacial spasm and tic douloureux out of 510
      patients operated on by microvascular decompression surgery, ABR was monitored
      before, during and after surgery and furthermore, in the recent 94 patients among
      them, an intraoperative direct recording of a compound action potential of the
      acoustic nerve was performed simultaneously. Among these 94 patients,
      postoperative mild hearing dysfunction was encountered in 11 patients and severe
      reduction of hearing acuity in 2. As a result of our studies of monitoring action
      potential of the 8th cranial nerve and ABR, the following conclusions were drawn.
      When a latency of component V of ABR was delayed by more than 1.5-2.0 msec during
      surgery, and delay of latency of main negative peak (N1) of an action potential
      of the acoustic nerve exceeded by more than 1.0 msec, the occurrence rate of
      postoperative hearing dysfunction became positively high. There were two
      different types of changes in both ABR and action potentials; one type was a
      delay of an action potential in combination with that of ABR latencies and the
      other one was merely a delay in ABR components without following a remarkable
      change in action potentials. The former change might due to be an insult of whole
      neural pathways of the 8th cranial nerve including a cochlear nucleus and the
      latter change may due to be functional changes of the structures proximal to the
      cochlear nucleus. The delay of latencies in ABR and action potentials could be
      imposed either by a traction of the 8th cranial nerve or by a compression of the
      region of cochlear nucleus by a blain spatula as well as a vascular insufficiency
      of the tiny vessels which supplied these neural structures. To avoid the surgical
      insult to the acoustic nerve itself and more proximal neural pathways, the
      traction of any neural structures by a brain spatula should be lasted less than 5
      minutes with more than 2 minutes intervals when judged from the results of our
      monitoring studies and the pressure of the compression on the cerebellar cortex
      is much preferable to be less than 20 mmHg for the safety throughout whole
      surgical procedures.

PMID- 3713978
TI  - [Cerebral venous thrombosis associated with the use of oral contraceptives].
AB  - The entity of cerebrovascular diseases associated with the use of oral
      contraceptives is well known but quite rare in Japan in contrast to Western
      countries. We recently encountered a 38 years old female with cerebral venous
      thrombosis considered to be caused by oral contraception. This patient took oral
      contraceptives for 17 days following therapeutic abortion, and was transferred to
      our hospital because of disturbed consciousness. CT scans disclosed a right
      temporo-occipital subcortical hemorrhagic infarction and bilateral thalamic
      infarction. Cerebral angiograms showed non-filling of cortical veins in the same
      area. The internal cerebral vein, vein of Galen and right transverse sinus were
      not visualized either. The hematoma and necrotic tissue were removed to avoid
      farther neurological deterioration. The brain was swollen and hyperemic, and
      thrombosed cortical veins were clearly recognized at operation. Twelve cases,
      including ours, of cerebrovascular diseases associated with oral contraception
      were reported up to now in Japan, and only 3 of them were diagnosed objectively
      as venous or sinus thrombosis. The average age of these 12 cases was 34 years old
      and many of them experienced abortion or therapeutic abortion. There was no
      relationship between the dose of estrogen and the onset of cerebrovascular
      diseases. We believe that the onset of this pathological state is based on
      gynecological hypercoagulable state, and the oral contraception may play a role
      of a trigger. Oral contraception should be contraindicated in patients with
      gynecological hypercoagulable state, hypertension and/or smoking habit.

PMID- 3713979
TI  - [A new treatment by occluding spring embolus for carotid-cavernous fistula].
AB  - The authors describe a new technique for simple, direct and safe obliteration of
      a carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) with occluding spring embolus (OSE), preserving
      the carotid artery flow. The patient was 47 year-old man who was admitted to our
      department on September 3, 1984 complaining of left conjunctival injection,
      exophthalmos and bruit at the left temporal region. Angiograms revealed a typical
      cavernous dural AVM (spontaneous CCF) on the left side with bilateral dural ECA
      ICA blood supply. He was treated with transvascular Ivalon embolization of the
      bilateral ECA. A clinical symptom after transvascular embolization improved
      transiently, but one month later he developed progressive chemosis in addition to
      the previous symptom. A left frontotemporal craniotomy was done and six OSEs
      through polyethylene tube was inserted into the cavernous sinus and the fistula
      was closed completely. Angiogram during procedure was taken to establish the
      topographical relationship of OSE, carotid artery and the cavernous sinus.
      Postoperatively his chemosis and conjunctival injection were decreased and
      gradually cleared up within three weeks. Postoperative angiogram showed complete
      closure of the fistula.

PMID- 3713980
TI  - [A case of clival chordoma without bone destruction].
AB  - A case of clival chordoma without bone destruction is reported. A 28-year-old man
      was admitted to Kagoshima University Hospital on April 8, 1983 with the
      complaints of headache, displopia and gait disturbance. Neurological examination
      revealed the right eighth, ninth, tenth nerve palsy and gait disturbance. Plain
      skull firms showed no abnormality and left vertebral arteriography revealed a
      displacement of basilar artery to the left side. The CT scanning showed a low
      density area at the retroclival region, and enhancement was acquired slightly.
      Metrizamide cisternography, CT cisternography showed retroclival round tumor and
      no destruction of the bone. The tumor which invaded intradurally was removed
      totally. Histological examination confilmed the chordoma. In this report, it will
      be stressed that when clival chordoma invades intradually, subtemporal approach
      will be most favorable, and metrizamide CT cisternography is one of the useful
      diagnostic procedures of retroclival mass.

PMID- 3713981
TI  - [Treatment of carotid-cavernous sinus fistula by the balloon technique combined
      with a by-pass procedure using a vein graft-technical note note].
AB  - A case with spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistula treated by balloon catheter
      technique combined with a extra-intracranial by-pass using a saphenous vein graft
      between the common carotid artery and the middle cerebral artery is reported. A
      72-year-old female was admitted with complaints of recurrent symptoms of carotid
      cavernous fistula 4 months after spontaneous remission. Angiograms showed the
      presence left internal carotid-cavernous sinus fistula. Poor cross-filling from
      the right internal carotid artery to the territory of the left internal carotid
      artery via the hypoplastic right A1 and left posterior communicating artery was
      also observed. Symptoms such as chemosis, exophthalmos and visual disturbance
      gradually progressed during the hospitalization. A common carotid-middle cerebral
      artery anastomosis was performed with a saphenous vein graft and the carotid
      cavernous fistula was occluded directly with a balloon catheter. The blood flow
      via the graft, cortical blood flow, cortical tissue O2 and CO2 were continuously
      measured during the operation. After the internal carotid artery occlusion,
      sufficient blood flow via the graft and no significant changes of the cortical
      blood flow, cortical tissue O2 and CO2 were observed. The postoperative angiogram
      showed that the by-pass was patent and all branches of the left internal carotid
      artery were filled via the by-pass. The postoperative course was uneventful and
      the progressive symptoms improved except for visual disturbance on the left. She
      is in good condition one year after the operation. The usefulness of this
      surgical procedure with monitoring of cerebral blood flow and metabolism during
      operation is also discussed.

PMID- 3713982
TI  - [Intramedullary schwannoma with extradural extension: case report].
AB  - Intramedullary schwannoma without evidence of von Recklinghausen's disease is
      extremely rare. Only 23 cases have been reported in the literature. A 42-years
      old woman with transverse type myelopathy at the level of Th 6, was referred to
      our department. Myelography showed diffuse swelling of the thoracic cord. Delayed
      myelo CT scan revealed the existence of syrinx at C 6 and Th 10 spinal cord
      level. On NMR spin echo image, high intensity signal with an ovoid shape was
      visualized in Th 7-8 spinal cord parenchyma and the syrinx was verified below the
      level of C 5. Based on these findings, she was diagnosed as having Th 7-8
      intramedullary spinal cord tumor. Th 6 to Th 9 laminectomy followed by the
      complete removal of well encapsulated tumor was performed. The rostral and caudal
      pole of the tumor was found to be located intramedullary. The tumor at the level
      of Th 7-8, extended not only to the extramedullary space but also to the
      extradural space. Histopathological examination revealed that the specimen was
      Antoni A type neurinoma. She showed good recovery. Following hypotheses have been
      postulated on the cytogenesis of intramedullary schwannoma in the literature:
      Central displacement of Schwann cells during embryonic development. Schwann cells
      ensheathing aberrant intramedullary nerve fibers. Schwann cells along the
      intramedullary perivascular nerve plexus. A critical area where posterior root
      loose their sheath on entering the pia mater. Transformation of pial cells of
      neuroectodermal origin into Schwann cells. The cytogenesis of these reported
      cases may not be identical.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3713983
TI  - [Rapid growth and rupture of a newly originated aneurysm near the clipped middle
      cerebral artery aneurysm].
AB  - A 38-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of severe headache
      following reduced level of consciousness on February 13, 1979. He was lethargic
      and showed neck stiffness. A lumbar puncture revealed bloody cerebrospinal fluid.
      Left carotid angiography showed a berry aneurysm of 11 mm in diameter at the
      bifurcation of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Rebleeding occurred on February
      21, and he fell into semicoma. But, his consciousness recovered to lethargy on
      the next day. On February 26, a direct intracranial operation was performed and a
      Sugita clip was placed to the aneurysmal neck. The postoperative course was
      uneventful. But, left carotid angiography on 8th day after operation showed a
      newly originated aneurysm proximal to the operated aneurysm. On the 12th
      postoperative day, he suddenly fell into coma. CT showed subarachnoid blood in
      the basal cisterns and intraparenchymal hematoma in the left temporal lobe. On
      the same day, left carotid angiography was performed and it showed the enlarged
      aneurysm. He died on the 19th day after operation. Autopsy was not performed.
      Three factors have been considered dealing with the recurrence of the operated
      aneurysm in the previous reports: first, local fragility of the vascular wall due
      to the clip edge. Secondly, macro- or microscopic residual aneurysmal neck,
      thirdly, broken or slipped clip. Our case had the following characteristics from
      the angiographical and operative findings: the orifice of the operated aneurysm
      was situated on the superior side of the parent artery and the aneurysm protruded
      posterosuperiorly at an angle of approximately 90 degrees to the long axis of
      M1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3713984
TI  - Cerebrovascular amyloidosis in scrapie-affected sheep.
AB  - Cerebrovascular amyloidosis (CA) was found in the cerebral and cerebellar
      cortices in 11 of 20 sheep, of six different breeds, with naturally-occurring
      scrapie. The occurrence of the lesion did not appear to be influenced by the age
      of the sheep. This was not seen in 20 brains from age- and breed-matched sheep
      with other conditions. Furthermore, it was not found in 20 sheep experimentally
      infected with scrapie by sub-cutaneous inoculation, or in 22 sheep with natural
      scrapie in a closed breeding group, but it was present at low frequency in a
      production flock, closed apart from the introduction of rams. It is concluded
      that this lesion is strongly associated with sheep scrapie disease, but that its
      occurrence varies between different groups of scrapie sheep. A major source of
      this variation is likely to be the strain of the agent, though other factors may
      be involved as has been shown for cerebral amyloidosis in experimental mouse
      scrapie.

PMID- 3713985
TI  - Retinopathy in mice with experimental scrapie.
AB  - Scrapie is a naturally occurring neurological disease of adult sheep and goats
      with an incubation period of several years. Some strains of the causal agent can
      infect laboratory mice in which the incubation period, as well as the severity
      and distribution of vacuolar degeneration in the brain, varies according to the
      strain of the agent and the genotype of the mouse. Retinopathy, involving the
      partial or complete loss of the photoreceptor layer, was observed in a number of
      murine scrapie models but was absent in others. The severity of retinopathy
      depended on both the strain of scrapie and the genotype of mouse used. Some
      scrapie strains (22C, 87A and 87V) produced minimal or no retinal pathology,
      others (ME7, 22A and 22L) produced changes in the retinae of only certain mouse
      genotypes, while the strains 79A and 139A produced degeneration of the
      photoreceptor layer in every mouse genotype investigated. The severity of
      retinopathy in the various models did not correlate with the overall intensity of
      vacuolar degeneration in the brain, with the severity of vacuolation in the
      centres in the brain controlling pupillary constriction, or with the incubation
      period.

PMID- 3713986
TI  - Effects of anterior hypothalamic deafferentation and neonatal monosodium-L
      glutamate treatment on pulsatile LH secretion in the castrated rat.
AB  - Previous research has shown that electrolytic lesions of the anterior arcuate
      nuclei combined with anterior hypothalamic deafferentation (AHD) blocked
      pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) release in the ovariectomized rat, but that
      neither lesion was sufficient by itself. This led to the hypothesis that two
      separate neural pathways were capable of effecting pulsatile LH secretion, which
      was tested in another way in the present study. Newborn rats were injected with
      monosodium glutamate (MSG), a treatment which damages the arcuate nuclei, or NaCl
      of the same osmolarity as a control. As adults, the rats were gonadectomized and
      2 weeks later, AHD or sham AHD was performed. One week after that, the rats were
      catheterized, and small blood samples were taken every 5 min for 3 h. Plasma was
      assayed for LH by radioimmunoassay. Neither MSG alone, AHD alone, nor the
      combination affected the number of animals with pulsatile LH patterns. In female
      rats, MSG treatment slightly decreased pulse frequency, while AHD depressed mean
      LH levels in male rats. No differences were seen in LH pulse amplitude. These
      results suggest either that MSG spares those neurons of the arcuate nuclei which
      are important for LH secretion, that electrolytic lesions of the arcuate nuclei
      destroy fibres of passage which are important for LH release, or that functional
      reorganization of the systems controlling LH release occurs following neonatal
      MSG treatment.

PMID- 3713987
TI  - Changes in gamma-aminobutyric acid high affinity binding to cerebral cortex
      membranes after pinealectomy or melatonin administration to rats.
AB  - In order to assess the effect of pinealectomy (Px) on the diurnal rhythmicity of
      gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) high affinity binding to cerebral cortex
      membranes, groups of intact, Px or sham Px rats (subjected to surgery 15 days
      earlier) were killed at six different time intervals during the 24-hour cycle.
      GABA binding was estimated by Scatchard analysis of 3H-GABA binding to cerebral
      cortex membranes prepared from individual brains; only one type of binding site
      with dissociation constant (KD) about 20-50 nM and site number (Bmax) about 200
      500 fmol/mg protein was apparent in the assay conditions employed. In intact and
      sham Px rats Bmax attained minimal values at night and increased during daylight.
      Px increased generally Bmax and disrupted its normal diurnal rhythmicity, a peak
      in Bmax being observed at midnight. A significant decrease of GABA high affinity
      binding affinity was detected at morning hours in intact rats and at late
      scotophase and morning hours in Px and sham Px rats. Bmax of GABA high affinity
      binding in Px rats attained maximal values by 5-10 days after surgery and
      decreased somewhat 5 days later. Sham Px rats exhibited a transient increase in
      Bmax up to 10 days after surgery, returning to normal values by the 15th day.
      Superior cervical ganglionectomy increased binding affinity up to 15 days after
      surgery without affecting Bmax. The minimal melatonin effective dose to
      counteract Px-induced increase of GABA high affinity binding was 25 micrograms/kg
      body weight when given 3 h before sacrifice. Melatonin activity on GABA binding
      did not depend upon a direct effect on the binding sites, as shown in vitro.
      These results suggest a link between pineal function, melatonin secretion and
      GABA receptor activity in rats.

PMID- 3713988
TI  - Aldosterone effects on salt appetite in adrenalectomized rats.
AB  - In order to establish the in vivo specificity of the mineralocorticoid
      recognition system of the rat brain, we investigated the potencies of aldosterone
      (ALDO) and corticosterone (CORT) in suppressing salt intake in adrenalectomized
      (ADX) rats. Increasing doses of ALDO (25, 50 and 100 ng/h), administered by Alzet
      minipump, suppress salt intake in a two-bottle preference test. CORT in doses up
      to 50 micrograms/h failed to mimic this effect of ALDO or to block it. Using the
      50 micrograms/h dose of CORT, we demonstrated that the forebrain uptake of 3H
      ALDO in vivo is suppressed by 60-75% when measured by isolation of cell nuclei or
      by quantitative autoradiography. The suppression is especially marked in the
      hippocampal formation, amygdala and septum, sites which also accumulate high
      levels of 3H-CORT. The uptake of 3H-ALDO by ADX rat forebrain can be suppressed
      approximately 95% by infusion of a specific antimineralocorticoid, RU 28318, at a
      dose of 50 micrograms/h. This dose also blocks ALDO action on salt intake. Lower
      doses of RU 28318 fail to block ALDO action or brain 3H-ALDO uptake. We conclude
      that: (1) ALDO is at least 500-fold more potent in vivo than CORT as a
      mineralocorticoid. (2) High uptake of 3H-ALDO in vivo by hippocampal formation,
      amygdala and septum in ADX rats is due in large part to binding to sites
      preferentially suppressed by CORT. The 3H-ALDO uptake (ca. 30%) after suppression
      by stress levels of CORT shows a regional distribution in which uptake is
      slightly higher in circumventricular structures than in hippocampal formation,
      septum or amygdala.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3713989
TI  - Dehydration increases the electrically evoked dopamine release from the neural
      and intermediate lobes of the rat hypophysis.
AB  - The effect of dehydration on dopamine (DA) release from the neural and
      intermediate lobes of the rat pituitary gland after electrical stimulation of the
      pituitary stalk was studied in vitro. The amount of DA released from pituitary
      lobes of dehydrated rats (no water for 72 h), in which the hormone secretion from
      the hypophysis, especially the neural lobe, is known to be greatly enhanced, was
      significantly higher when compared with that from control tissues. In control and
      dehydrated rats the evoked DA release from the intermediate lobe was higher than
      that from the neural lobe. After dehydration, the stimulus-evoked DA release from
      the neural lobe increased by more than 200%, whereas that from the intermediate
      lobe increased by only 60%, indicating a preferential activation of the DA system
      of the neural lobe. There was a decrease in DA released per pulse from the
      combined neuro-intermediate lobe of control rats with increasing number of
      stimulation pulses. In contrast, DA release per pulse from the neuro-intermediate
      lobe of dehydrated rats showed a tendency to increase with increasing number of
      pulses. As the availability of newly synthesized DA is believed to be the
      limiting factor for transmitter release, the present observations suggested a
      higher in vitro DA synthesis rate in the tissues from dehydrated rats. This
      agrees with in vivo results of Alper and his colleagues who found an increased
      accumulation of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) in neuro-intermediate lobes
      of dehydrated rats after inhibition of DOPA-decarboxylase.

PMID- 3713990
TI  - Inhibition of cell nuclear androgen receptor binding and copulation in male rats
      by an antiandrogen, Sch 16423.
AB  - The ability of the flutamide metabolite Sch 16423 to block androgen receptor
      binding and inhibit masculine copulatory behavior in male rats was examined.
      Restoration of copulatory behavior was prevented in Sch 16423-treated rats given
      two 10-mm testosterone (T)-filled Silastic capsules plus 15 mg Sch 16423 daily
      for 11 days. Control males receiving only T-filled capsules copulated
      successfully. To test maintenance of copulatory behavior, T-filled capsules were
      implanted at the time of castration and rats received daily injections of either
      0, 1, 5, 15 or 30 mg Sch 16423. Ejaculation was not prevented by Sch 16423
      treatment, suggesting only a weak effect of Sch 16423 on the maintenance of
      copulatory behavior. An exchange assay was used to determine the effects of Sch
      16423 on cell nuclear androgen receptor binding both in vivo and in vitro. For in
      vivo tests, castrate males bearing two 10-mm T-filled capsules received a single
      injection of either 0, 1, 5, or 15 mg Sch 16423 1 h prior to sacrifice. Androgen
      receptor binding was drastically reduced in both brain (combined hypothalamus,
      preoptic area, amygdala and septum) and pituitary at all doses of Sch 16423. For
      in vitro assays, samples from brain and pituitary were incubated with 10(-10) to
      10(-6) M dihydrotestosterone (DHT), Sch 16423 or flutamide. Sch 16423 competed
      for androgen receptors in vitro, though not as effectively as DHT. Flutamide was
      a poor competitor. These results indicate that Sch 16423 effectively reduces
      masculine copulatory potential primarily affecting restoration of behavior, and
      that Sch 16423 inhibited cell nuclear androgen receptor binding both in vivo and
      in vitro.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3713991
TI  - Morphine inhibits electrically stimulated noradrenaline release from slices of
      rat medial preoptic area.
AB  - Experiments were undertaken to investigate whether the release of noradrenaline
      (NA) in the preoptic area of female rats is modulated by opiate mechanisms.
      Slices (300 microns) of preoptic area were incubated individually after loading
      with 3H-NA and then subjected to electric field stimulation. Morphine (10 microM)
      significantly reduced the amount of NA released in response to electrical
      stimulation, an effect that was completely prevented by simultaneous exposure to
      equimolar naloxone. This inhibitory action of morphine was not dependent upon
      prior exposure to oestrogen.

PMID- 3713992
TI  - The effects of arginine-8 vasopressin on the cerebral cortex of rats
      anaesthetised with urethane.
AB  - The effects of arginine-8 vasopressin (AVP) on the spontaneous electrical
      activity of the cerebral cortex were investigated in rats anaesthetised with
      urethane. Direct application of a relatively large concentration of AVP (0.5-2.0
      mU AVP/microliter; 1.25-5.00 ng AVP/microliter) to the pial surface of a small
      area of the parietal cortex produced a complete cessation of spontaneous neural
      activity, which was often preceded by a short-lasting increase in frequency of
      discharge. There was also a decline in the number of large waves in the local
      electrocorticogram. These changes occurred after 1-4 min. A slow recovery began
      10-30 min later, but was sometimes still incomplete after more than an hour. Only
      the first application of AVP produced the local effects described above. A second
      application, 2 hr later, was without effect. Direct application to a small area
      of one hemisphere did not alter the electrical activity of the contralateral
      cortex. Smaller concentrations of AVP (0.005-0.200 mU AVP/microliter; 12.5 pg-0.5
      ng AVP/microliter) were variable in their actions. Occasionally, no effect at all
      was seen, while sometimes the cells stopped firing completely. However, the most
      usual consequence was a reduction in discharge frequency, the magnitude of which
      appeared to be related to the concentration of AVP applied. A second application
      of a small concentration of AVP usually failed to reduce the rate of spontaneous
      discharge.

PMID- 3713993
TI  - Effect of synthetic chicken and porcine vasoactive intestinal peptide on
      pancreatic blood flow in dogs.
AB  - Studies were conducted in dogs to determine the effect of synthetic chicken and
      porcine vasoactive intestinal peptide on blood flow and exocrine secretion of the
      pancreas and on systemic arterial pressure. The stimulatory effect of synthetic
      chicken vasoactive intestinal peptide on blood flow and exocrine secretion of the
      pancreas was almost similar to that observed after synthetic porcine vasoactive
      intestinal peptide stimulation, whereas, synthetic chicken vasoactive intestinal
      peptide retained only approximately two thirds of the potency of synthetic
      porcine vasoactive intestinal peptide in its effect on lowering systemic arterial
      pressure. This study suggests that an increase in exocrine pancreatic secretion
      may be related to an increase in pancreatic blood flow in response to vasoactive
      intestinal peptide. This study leads us to speculate that total amounts of
      splanchnic organ blood flow increased in response to porcine vasoactive
      intestinal peptide are much more greater than those after chicken vasoactive
      intestinal peptide stimulation, although we cannot exclude the possibility that
      porcine vasoactive intestinal peptide may be much more potent in its effect on
      vasodilations in peripheral systemic vessels in comparison with chicken
      vasoactive intestinal peptide.

PMID- 3713994
TI  - The effect on brain 5-HT of central lysine-vasopressin administration into
      different cerebral ventricular compartments depends on the site of injection.
AB  - The influence of lysine-8-vasopressin (LVP) on the steady-state level of
      serotonin was studied in different brain regions four hours after microinjection
      into the lateral ventricle (icv) or cisterna magna (cm). LVP (200 pg) increased
      the serotonin (5-HT) level in the hypothalamus and mesencephalon after cm
      application, while icv administration caused an opposite tendency. The findings
      suggest that the site of peptide administration is of decisive importance in the
      mediation of various effects of LVP on the transmitter metabolism. A possible
      link exists between opposite effects of cm versus icv injection of LVP on central
      serotoninergic mechanisms, as well as on behavioral and autonomic correlates of
      these treatment.

PMID- 3713995
TI  - Effect of oxytocin on acute enkephalin tolerance in mice.
AB  - Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of a test dose of 0.5 microgram D
      Met2-Pro5-enkephalinamide (ENK) resulted in analgesia. Acute tolerance developed
      if a tolerance-inducing high dose of 5 micrograms ENK was administered i.c.v.
      prior to the test dose. Tolerance appeared as a reduction of the analgesic effect
      of the test dose. Subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of oxytocin (OXT) inhibited the
      development of tolerance. It is suggested that OXT is able to modify the
      development of tolerance to enkephalins, which are ligands of delta-opiate rather
      than mu-opiate receptors.

PMID- 3713996
TI  - The effects of opioids in the periaqueductal grey region of rat brain on hind
      limb muscle tone.
AB  - A mechanical apparatus was used to measure hind limb resistance to flexion in
      rats injected with opioid peptides in the brain periaqueductal grey region (PAG).
      (D-Ala2, D-Leu5) enkephalin (delta agonist) and dynorphin1-8 and
      ethylketocyclazocine (kappa agonists) had no effects on hind limb tone. The mu
      agonist (D-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly-ol5) enkephalin induced limb rigidity when injected
      into the PAG. beta-Endorphin caused a dose-related limb rigidity that persisted
      for up to 2h. beta-Endorphin rigidity was prevented by pretreatment of rats with
      the serotonin depletor 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine. It is concluded that mu receptors
      and serotonin mechanisms in the PAG can mediate opiate rigidity.

PMID- 3713997
TI  - Further characterization of the extra-arcuate alpha-melanocyte stimulating
      hormone-like material in hypothalamus: biochemical and anatomical studies.
AB  - Previous studies had shown the existence of an extra-arcuate cell group in
      lateral hypothalamus which contains alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (a-MSH)
      like immunoreactivity, but no other pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) immunoreactivity.
      The question we have attempted to address in this series of studies is whether
      the material is indeed a-MSH or a cross-reacting material. Chromatographic
      studies failed to detect any material which is different from a-MSH or des-acetyl
      a-MSH, suggesting that either the material is authentic a-MSH/des-acetyl-a-MSH,
      or that it is not detected by our RIAs. A series of manipulations including
      dissections of arcuate vs. extra-arcuate hypothalamic areas, treatment with
      colchicine, lesions with monosodium glutamate and knife cuts were aimed at
      isolating the extra-arcuate region and showing that it contains an excess of a
      MSH over beta-endorphin (B-END), presumably deriving from the extra-arcuate
      group. However, all studies showed parallel changes in a-MSH and B-END,
      suggesting that we were not detecting a non-POMC derived a-MSH in these studies.
      This led to the tentative conclusion that the material was not a-MSH and was not
      being detected by our RIA's. This hypothesis was tested by further characterizing
      the material immunohistochemically. These studies led to the conclusion that the
      extra-arcuate material had a carboxy-terminal homology with a-MSH but differed
      from it in the midregion, since antisera directed at the 4-10 region of a-MSH
      failed to stain this non-POMC cell group. Finally, the anatomy of this extra
      arcuate group is described, particularly the projections to the striatum,
      hippocampus, neocortex and olfactory bulb.

PMID- 3713998
TI  - Meeting the challenges to neurosurgical education.

PMID- 3713999
TI  - Effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy or dimethyl sulfoxide on cerebral ischemia in
      unanesthetized gerbils.
AB  - To determine whether treatment with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) or dimethyl sulfoxide
      (DMSO) could mitigate the fatal effects of cerebral ischemia, we anesthetized 68
      gerbils with ketamine, ligated the right carotid artery (CA), and placed a snare
      occluder around the left CA. After 48 hours, 30 gerbils that were neurologically
      normal or had suffered only mild deficits were subjected to left CA occlusion
      without anesthesia for periods of 2 to 60 minutes. The onset of circling,
      posturing, falling, and lethargy began immediately; seizures and coma ensued 4 to
      5 minutes later and persisted until release of the left CA occluder. All gerbils
      recovered after 2-minute staged bilateral CA occlusions. The mortality rate was
      33% after both 5- and 10-minute occlusions and 100% after 20- and 60-minute
      bilateral occlusions. Twelve gerbils were placed in an HBO chamber (100% oxygen
      at 1.5 atmospheres) for 15 minutes during 20-minute bilateral occlusion; only 2
      died (16% mortality rate). Thus, HBO therapy conferred significant protection
      against death from untreated ischemia (P less than 0.001). Histological
      examination showed that the extent of patchy bilateral ischemic neuronal damage
      was much less in surviving gerbils that received HBO therapy than in those that
      died after 20-minute occlusions. Fourteen gerbils were treated with DMSO, 2.5
      g/kg intraperitoneally, during 5- or 10-minute bilateral CA occlusion; 12 died
      (86% mortality rate). Thus, DMSO provided no protection against fatal cerebral
      infarction; in fact, the results in the 10-minute reperfusion group suggest that
      DMSO may have a deleterious effect.

PMID- 3714000
TI  - Civilian gunshot wounds to the brain: prognosis and management.
AB  - The extent of treatment for the victims of gunshot wounds to the brain remains
      quite controversial, particularly when these patients present with extensive
      neurological dysfunction. We propose guidelines regarding the degree and
      aggressiveness of therapy. The factors that seem to have a significant impact on
      the patient's final outcome are the neurological examination at the time of
      admission, the radiological findings, and the motivation for the shooting. Thus,
      the authors propose a nonsurgical line of therapy for comatose patients with
      unilateral or bilateral cerebral gunshot wounds where bone or metal fragments are
      visualized away from the bullet path on computed tomography scan, particularly
      when these individuals are suicide victims.

PMID- 3714001
TI  - Management of bilateral locked facets of the cervical spine.
AB  - A total of 28 cases of cervical spine dislocation with bilateral locking of
      facets treated between 1976 and 1984 were analyzed to determine whether treatment
      modality had any effect on outcome based on cord or root function. Motor vehicle
      accidents were responsible for 19 cases; the most common levels of dislocation
      were C-5, C-6 and C-6, C-7, with 10 each. Twenty patients were admitted with
      complete myelopathies. Ten patients whose dislocations were successfully reduced
      with traction had no neurological changes, but 1 reduced elsewhere deteriorated
      from a C-5 to C-2 level. Eleven of these patients underwent posterior cervical
      fusions after delays of 1 to 17 days (mean = 6.3); 2 died, and 1 patient achieved
      slight root return. Seven underwent anterior decompression and fusion or combined
      anterior and posterior approaches after delays of 9 to 120 days. One patient died
      in the postoperative period, 1 had substantial recovery of cord function, and 5
      had recovery of root function. There was no operation or improvement in 2
      patients. Eight patients had incomplete myelopathies; 4 were initially reduced,
      with 2 improving slightly as a result. Three patients underwent posterior fusions
      with foraminotomies with minimal improvement. Five had anterior or combined
      approaches; these patients improved at least one neurological grade each,
      including 3 who became newly ambulatory. All 24 surviving patients achieved
      spinal stability, although it occurred slightly earlier in the anterior fusion
      groups. Surgical approaches designed to provide spinal stability and restore the
      normal anatomy of the spinal canal and neural foramina may be of functional
      benefit in the management of these dislocations.

PMID- 3714002
TI  - Reformatted sagittal images in the differential diagnosis of meningiomas and
      pituitary adenomas with suprasellar extension.
AB  - Approximately 3 to 4 times a year, a tumor with suprasellar extension escapes
      classification on high resolution coronal and transaxial computed tomography.
      When arteriography failed to determine the diagnosis, the differential choices
      were usually meningioma or pituitary adenoma. The authors report the use of
      sagittal reformatted images in this differential diagnosis and conclude that
      these images may aid in the distinction between pituitary tumors with suprasellar
      extension and meningiomas located in this area.

PMID- 3714003
TI  - Central nervous system anomalies associated with meningomyelocele, hydrocephalus,
      and the Arnold-Chiari malformation: reappraisal of theories regarding the
      pathogenesis of posterior neural tube closure defects.
AB  - Complete gross and microscopic neuropathological examinations of 25 children who
      died with meningomyelocele, the Arnold-Chiari malformation, and hydrocephalus
      revealed a wide range and frequency of associated central nervous system
      malformations. The most remarkable of these anomalies were hypoplasia or aplasia
      of cranial nerve nuclei (20%), demonstrable obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid
      flow within the ventricular system (92%), cerebellar dysplasia (72%), a disorder
      of migration of cortical neurons (92%), fusion of the thalami (16%), agenesis of
      the corpus callosum (12%), and complete or partial agenesis of the olfactory
      tract and bulb (8%). The anomalies associated with posterior neural tube closure
      defects can no longer be considered secondary, but rather must be considered part
      of a spectrum of malformations caused by an unidentified primary insult to the
      central nervous system. The frequency and pattern of brain malformations
      associated with neural tube defects of some children with meningomyelocele
      suggest that such malformations may seriously affect intellectual outcome.

PMID- 3714005
TI  - Surgical management of cerebellar peduncle lesions in children.
AB  - Four children with intrinsic cerebellar peduncle lesions (three benign
      astrocytomas and one histiocytic encephalitis) are reported. Each patient
      underwent a resection of mass lesions through posterior fossa craniotomy with
      microsurgical techniques and a surgical laser. None showed permanent neurological
      deficits postoperatively. A brief anatomical consideration of cerebellar peduncle
      lesions and the surgical approach used are described.

PMID- 3714004
TI  - Prolonged hemodynamic maintenance by the combined administration of vasopressin
      and epinephrine in brain death: a clinical study.
AB  - The present study attempted long term hemodynamic maintenance in 16 adult brain
      dead patients, 14 with head injury and 2 with cerebrovascular accidents. In
      addition to respiratory and fluid management, 10 were treated with continuous
      infusion of epinephrine to maintain systolic blood pressure above 90 mm Hg. The
      remaining 6 patients each received a continuous infusion of synthetic arginine
      vasopressin (ADH) at a rate of 1 or 2 units/hour (285 +/- 45
      microunits/kg/minute) simultaneously with epinephrine. The 10 patients treated
      with epinephrine alone all succumbed to cardiac arrest within 48 hours of brain
      death, with a mean survival time of 24.1 +/- 17.2 hours. In the patients who
      received simultaneous ADH infusion, a minimal dose of epinephrine of no more than
      0.5 mg/hr in most instances sufficed to maintain blood pressure. Their mean
      survival time after brain death was remarkably prolonged to 23.1 +/- 19.1 days.
      In brain death, ADH plays a critical role in hemodynamic maintenance, and ADH
      administration permits long term hemodynamic stabilization of brain-death
      patients, offering increasing opportunities for organ transplantation.

PMID- 3714006
TI  - Physiological and electrophysiological consequences of etoposide-induced blood
      brain barrier disruption.
AB  - The present study investigates the effects of etoposide-induced blood-brain
      barrier (BBB) disruption on systemic blood pressure (SBP), intracranial pressure
      (ICP), and electroencephalographic (EEG) activity. A total of 29 rats were
      divided into two groups. In Group 1, 8 control animals received intracarotid
      normal saline; in Group 2, 21 animals received intracarotid etoposide. SBP, ICP,
      and EEG were monitored continuously under general anesthesia and controlled
      ventilation after tracheostomy. Intravenous Evans blue dye was used for
      determination of BBB disruption. Although none of the Group 1 animals showed BBB
      disruption, 57% of the animals in Group 2 showed marked BBB disruption (3+). A
      slight but statistically significant increase in ICP was noted in the Group 2
      animals with 3+ BBB disruption, although lesser degrees of barrier disruption (1+
      or 2+) resulted in no significant alteration in ICP. The amplitude and frequency
      of the EEG decreased significantly ipsilateral to the side of intracarotid
      infusion in all animals with 3+ barrier disruption with a tendency to return
      toward normal within 2 hours. The degree of transient EEG change observed
      correlates well with the degree of barrier disruption, potentially allowing
      clinical determination of BBB disruption by this method.

PMID- 3714008
TI  - Synergistic effect of methotrexate and radiation on gliosarcoma in tissue culture
      and in rats.
AB  - In vitro and in vivo studies were performed on rat gliosarcoma cells (RT-9) to
      investigate the synergistic effect of methotrexate and radiation against
      malignant brain tumors. For in vitro study, RT-9 cells were cultured on
      microtiter plates and treated with methotrexate, radiation, or both. For in vivo
      study, the cells were implanted into the cerebrums of CD-Fischer rats, and
      intraperitoneal methotrexate, whole brain radiation, or both were given. Although
      synergistic suppression of cell growth with combined therapy was observed in the
      in vitro study, synergism was less clearly demonstrated in tumor-bearing rats
      because of systemic toxicity of the therapy.

PMID- 3714007
TI  - Selective posterior rhizotomy in the dorsal root entry zone for treatment of
      hyperspasticity and pain in the hemiplegic upper limb.
AB  - The authors report a series of 16 hemiplegic patients suffering from harmful
      spasticity in the upper limb and treated with selective posterior rhizotomy (SPR)
      in the dorsal root entry zone (DREZ). This severe spasticity was associated with
      irreducible abnormal postures in flexion in 11 cases and painful manifestations
      in 12. The method was introduced in 1972 on the basis of anatomical studies of
      the DREZ in humans, in which a topographical segregation of the root afferents,
      according to their anatomicofunctional destinations, has been shown. It consists
      of a DREZ microsurgical lesion 1 to 2 mm in depth and directed at a 45 degree
      angle, performed ventrolaterally in the posterolateral sulcus of the spinal cord
      and into the internal part of the Lissauer's tract. The procedure is carried out
      in each rootlet of the posterior roots considered to be responsible for the
      harmful spasticity. SPR interrupts selectively the (lateral) nociceptive and
      (central) myotactic afferent fibers connecting the motor neurons, while sparing
      most of the (medial) lemniscal fibers and the inhibitory circuitry of Lissauer's
      tract and the dorsal horn. The results were evaluated after a 1- to 12-year
      follow-up. There were no deaths and no general complications; in 1 case a loss of
      motility in the leg ipsilateral to the procedure occurred. The excess of
      spasticity was slightly diminished (2 cases), markedly reduced (9 cases), or
      totally abolished (5 cases), making possible an improvement in voluntary
      movements in 8 patients and at least a good passive mobilization in 7 further
      cases. In 1 case only, a marked tendency for spasticity to return was observed.
      Of the 12 patients with painful manifestations, 9 were completely relieved and 3
      improved. These beneficial effects on both spasticity and pain led to a gain in
      functional status in 93% of cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3714009
TI  - Laser resection of fifty spinal lipomas.
AB  - The value of laser resection was assessed in the last 50 of 128 consecutive cases
      of pediatric spinal lipoma. In this series, there was no mortality. No patient
      suffered increase in neurological or urological deficit. Postoperatively, 8 of 20
      patients with prior motor deficit (40%) had substantially improved motor
      function. Two of 17 previously incontinent patients became continent of urine
      (12%). Use of the CO2 laser reduced the length of operation, the intraoperative
      blood loss, and the degree of manipulation of the spinal cord and nerve roots.
      Most of the fat could be removed successfully from the liponeural junction,
      permitting more nearly anatomical removal of the intramedullary component of the
      lesion and greater ease in replacing the cord into a reconstructed arachnoid
      dural canal. In the authors' opinions, proper management of the patient with
      spinal lipoma now requires early prophylactic resection of the lipoma and
      untethering of the spinal cord.

PMID- 3714010
TI  - Intervertebral disc infection after lumbar chemonucleolysis: report of a case.
AB  - Intervertebral disc space infection can be a serious and disabling complication
      of any procedure that affords entry for bacteria into the susceptible disc space.
      Most disc space infections occur after cervical or lumbar laminectomies. Discitis
      has been reported after myelography, lumbar puncture, paravertebral injection,
      and obstetrical epidural anesthesia. A case of septic discitis occurring after
      intradiscal therapy with chymopapain is presented. Patients who return for
      evaluation of recurrent spinal pain after chemonucleolysis, especially those with
      paravertebral muscle spasm, should be evaluated for the possibility of disc space
      infection by obtaining an erythrocyte sedimentation rate, peripheral white count,
      differential cell count, and plain roentgenograms. Radionuclide bone scans,
      although not specific, may provide further objective evidence leading to the
      diagnosis of an intervertebral disc space infection.

PMID- 3714011
TI  - Isolated central nervous system metastasis from transitional cell carcinoma of
      the bladder: report of a case and review of the literature.
AB  - Although systemic metastases from transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder
      occur frequently, involvement of the central nervous system is uncommon. We
      describe a patient with an isolated cerebral metastasis who had previously
      undergone resection of a Grade III, Stage B2 carcinoma of the bladder. We have
      been able to find only one previous case report of a solitary intracerebral
      metastasis from transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder without evidence of
      primary recurrence or additional sites of spread. Central nervous system
      metastasis from bladder carcinoma must be considered in the differential
      diagnosis of solitary intracerebral lesions.

PMID- 3714012
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of low attenuation lesions on
      computed tomography.
AB  - Computed tomography has proven invaluable in the assessment of intracranial mass
      lesions. Low attenuation lesions can, however, present diagnostic difficulties.
      We report three cases where magnetic resonance imaging was beneficial in
      clarifying solid versus cystic intracranial lesions.

PMID- 3714013
TI  - Scheuermann's dorsal kyphosis and spinal cord compression: case report.
AB  - Although Scheuermann's disease (juvenile dorsal kyphosis) is a common problem of
      late childhood and adolescence, its potential for neurological complications is
      not widely appreciated. In rare instances, spinal cord compression appears to be
      produced by the kyphotic protrusion alone, and we present an example of this
      unusual problem. Although the results of surgical treatment in this situation
      cannot be substantiated, anterior spondylotomy and decompression followed by
      posterior fixation appear to offer the best mechanical relief. Spinal cord
      compression can also be produced by extradural cysts, with which Scheuermann's
      disease is frequently associated. Scheuermann's disease also is reported to occur
      in combination with thoracic disc protrusion, but the coincidence here may be
      random. Pertinent literature is reviewed.

PMID- 3714014
TI  - Vancomycin penetration of a brain abscess: case report and review of the
      literature.
AB  - A 56-year-old man developed an abscess within a right parietal cystic anaplastic
      astrocytoma 3 days after removal of iodine-125 sources placed 9 days earlier for
      interstitial radiation therapy. After treatment with cephalosporin antibiotics
      proved unsuccessful, the patient was treated with intravenous vancomycin and
      intermittent percutaneous drainage of the abscess. Vancomycin levels obtained
      from the brain abscess fluid, both before and during later operative removal of
      the abscess, were 15 and 18 micrograms/ml, respectively; the serum vancomycin
      level was 21 micrograms/ml. This is the first report of the excellent penetration
      of vancomycin into brain abscess fluid.

PMID- 3714015
TI  - Fenestration of intraventricular cysts using a flexible, steerable endoscope and
      the argon laser.
AB  - Two infants with hydrocephalus and compartmentalization of the lateral ventricles
      due to cerebrospinal fluid infection were treated by fenestration of the
      ventricular cysts using the argon laser through a steerable flexible endoscope.
      Both children had undergone failed multiple shunting procedures that attempted to
      drain the lateral ventricular cysts. One child had chronic granulomatous disease
      and persistent Candida ventriculitis and meningitis. His infection resolved after
      removal of multiple shunt systems was made possible by endoscopic laser
      fenestration to convert a multilocular to a unilocular hydrocephalus.
      Postoperative computed tomographic scans and head circumference measurements
      showed arrested hydrocephalus in both cases, and both children remain symptom
      free 6 months after operation. The argon laser was used to coagulate and incise
      the ventricular septae in both cases. The steerable flexible endoscope enabled
      excellent visualization of the ventricular system without manipulation of the
      endoscope at the corticotomy site. Necessary improvements in the design of the
      flexible endoscope and the delivery system for the argon laser are discussed.

PMID- 3714016
TI  - Bilateral upper extremity paralysis (Bell's cruciate paralysis) from a gunshot
      wound to the cervicomedullary junction.
AB  - Cruciate paralysis is characterized by midline involvement of the rostral portion
      of the pyramidal decussation, resulting in paralysis of the upper extremity
      without lower extremity involvement. The neuroanatomical basis is the more
      rostral and medial decussation of the upper extremity motor fibers in the medulla
      compared with the more caudal and lateral decussating fibers of the lower
      extremity at the lower boundary of the cervicomedullary junction. We believe this
      to be the first reported case of Bell's cruciate paralysis caused by a gunshot
      wound to this region. The neuroanatomical basis and the mechanisms that produce
      this unique clinical entity are discussed.

PMID- 3714017
TI  - Transoral unilateral facetectomy in the management of unilateral anterior
      rotatory atlantoaxial fracture/dislocation: a case report.
AB  - An unusual case of unilateral anterior rotatory atlantoaxial fracture/dislocation
      with neurological deficit is presented. The injury could not be reduced by
      skeletal traction, but was successfully reduced by partial facetectomy at C-1, C
      2 accomplished through a transoral exposure of the atlantoaxial region combined
      with labiomandibularglossotomy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first
      instance of an injury of this type to be so managed. The details of the operative
      procedure are described, and the subject of rotatory atlantoaxial dislocation is
      reviewed.

PMID- 3714018
TI  - Profound cerebral vasospasm without radiological evidence of subarachnoid
      hemorrhage: case report.
AB  - Profound clinical and radiographic arterial vasospasm in all major intracerebral
      vessels was identified in a patient with an intraparenchymal hemorrhage that
      extended into the lateral, 3rd, and 4th ventricles. By computed tomographic
      criteria and on early cerebrospinal fluid examination, no subarachnoid blood was
      detected. The temporal appearance of vasospasm was consistent with that typically
      seen in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Despite hypervolemia and iatrogenic
      hypertension, cerebral infarction occurred contralateral to the hemorrhage. We
      conclude that patients without significant subarachnoid hemorrhage (as determined
      by computed tomographic scanning) may still be at risk for developing vasospasm.

PMID- 3714019
TI  - Common origin of the arterial blood flow for an arteriovenous medullar fistula
      and the anterior spinal artery: a case report.
AB  - A common origin of the blood supply to a dural arteriovenous malformation and to
      the spinal cord from the same segmental artery is very rare. This obviously
      contraindicates embolization of the fistula. Demonstrating the location of the
      normal spinal blood supply system is therefore mandatory to avoid postoperative
      complications. The visualization of the normal blood vessels can be masked by a
      steal phenomenon, but it must at all costs be obtained. The authors describe one
      such case.

PMID- 3714020
TI  - Trigeminal neuralgia.

PMID- 3714021
TI  - Extrusion of a peritoneal catheter.

PMID- 3714022
TI  - The expression and perception of facial emotion in brain-damaged patients.
AB  - This study examined the expression and perception of facial emotion in patients
      with unilateral cerebrovascular pathology. Subjects were 12 right brain-damaged
      (RBD), 15 left brain-damaged (LBD) aphasic, and 16 normal control (NC) right
      handed males. Expressions were elicited during posed and spontaneous conditions.
      Both positive and negative emotions were studied. RBDs were significantly
      impaired, relative to LBDs and NCs, in expressing and perceiving facial emotion.
      There were no group differences as a function of condition, but there were
      differences as a function of emotional valence. Qualitative performance
      differences also were observed. There was no evidence that the ability to produce
      a particular emotion was related to the ability to identify the same emotion.
      Overall, these findings support the notion that the right cerebral hemisphere is
      dominant for expressing and perceiving facial emotion.

PMID- 3714023
TI  - Performance of manual copying tasks after focal cortical lesions.
AB  - Patients with unilateral frontal or temporal excisions and normal control
      subjects were required (1) to copy single, difficult positions of the arm,
      fingers, or both, and (2) to copy the experimenter as three hand positions were
      presented one after the other at an increasing rate. All patient groups were
      impaired relative to the control group on both tasks, but on the second task
      patients with frontal lesions were also impaired relative to those with temporal
      lesions. Results suggested a role of the left-and right-frontal lobes in rapid
      execution of multiple manual responses.

PMID- 3714024
TI  - Memory for designs: the hippocampal contribution.
AB  - The role of mesial temporal-lobe structures in the recall of designs was examined
      in two experiments. Normal control subjects and patients with right or left
      temporal lobectomy that included either a large or small excision from the
      hippocampal zone were tested. In Experiment 1, subjects copied a complex drawing
      that was presented piecemeal in an illogical order; in Experiment 2 they copied
      18 individual designs. In both cases recall was tested 45 min later. Patients
      with right temporal lobectomy showed deficient recall in both experiments; in
      Experiment 1 only, patients with a large right hippocampal removal were also
      significantly impaired compared to those with a small removal.

PMID- 3714025
TI  - Hemispheric specialization of memory for visual hierarchical stimuli.
AB  - Unilateral brain-damaged patients and normal control subjects were asked to
      remember visual hierarchical stimuli consisting of larger forms constructed from
      smaller forms. The right-hemisphere damaged patients made more errors in
      remembering the larger forms relative to the smaller forms, whereas the left
      hemisphere damaged patients made more errors in remembering the smaller forms
      relative to the larger forms. These findings are discussed as they relate to
      hemispheric specialization for visuospatial processing.

PMID- 3714026
TI  - Amnesia can facilitate memory performance: evidence from a patient with
      dissociated retrograde amnesia.
AB  - A case is reported of a patient who experienced numerous episodes of transient
      global amnesia (TGA) during which anterograde amnesia was less prominent than
      usual, and who developed a permanent selective retrograde amnesia. On formal
      testing, he performed well on traditional verbal memory tests, but showed marked
      retrograde amnesia for verbal material, including items on a famous voices
      recognition test. He was administered a paired-associate learning test where the
      names of famous personalities for which he was amnesic were associated with
      incongruous activities (e.g. John Newcombe-singing). Our patient performed better
      on this task than a group of five matched control subjects. Our observations
      indicate that in the organization of human memory retrograde amnesia may be
      fractionated from anterograde amnesia and that in certain situations specific
      types of amnesia can produce a facilitation effect compared to the performance of
      control subjects.

PMID- 3714027
TI  - The WAIS as a lateralizing and localizing diagnostic instrument: a study of 656
      patients with unilateral cerebral lesions.
AB  - A retrospective study of 656 patients with unilateral cerebral lesions is
      reported. Their performance on a shortened version of the WAIS was assessed in
      relation to laterality of lesion and to localization of lesion within a
      hemisphere. The Verbal IQ measure was impaired in all the left-hemisphere
      localization subgroups compared with the corresponding right-hemisphere
      localization subgroups. The converse was not the case, the Performance IQ measure
      was only significantly impaired in two localization groups, the group with
      lesions restricted to the right parietal lobe and the larger group consisting of
      all patients with right parietal involvement. With the exception of a selective
      impairment on the Block Design and Picture Arrangement in the group consisting of
      all patients with right parietal involvement, there was no evidence of
      distinctive patterns of impairment associated with any localization subgroup. A
      right-and left-hemisphere index based on the major laterality impairments were
      computed for each patient. These indices were used to assess the relationship
      between aetiology of lesion and sex and patterns of impairment. Although overall
      hemisphere differences and laterality index differences were obtained, there was
      only a minor interaction with aetiology and there was no evidence of differential
      patterns of impairment associated with sex.

PMID- 3714028
TI  - Does reversed laterality really exist in dextrals? A case study.
AB  - We report a case of a right-handed patient who, after a massive left-hemisphere
      infarction, had neuropsychological disturbances compatible with a right
      hemisphere lesion. This has been previously called 'reversed laterality'. Two new
      aspects of this pattern are described: the right hemisphere is as capable as the
      left in processing complex syntactic and higher psycholinguistic stimuli;
      reversed laterality is not complete, ideomotor praxis is the only function that
      does not follow an inverted representation. The existence of different forms of
      cerebral organization in dextrals is discussed.

PMID- 3714029
TI  - Cross-modal recognition by the monkey: can the experience in the first modality
      be reduced to a single trial?
AB  - Using the cross-modal recognition procedure previously described, but now
      progressively reducing the number of learning trials given in the first sense
      modality, three unselected and unoperated rhesus monkeys (and one with bilateral
      removals of frontal, temporal and parietal polysensory cortex) were able to
      maintain an average level of 75% correct cross-modal recognition with only 1-3
      learning trials. The pool size seemed less important than the familiarity of the
      objects. No discontinuity between single-trial and multiple-trial learning
      procedures was detected. Instead, the number of objects available at one time
      during learning was regarded as critical for distinguishing between these two
      kinds of learning procedure.

PMID- 3714030
TI  - Tactual-kinesthetic matching of horizontal extents by the long-term blind:
      absence or reversal of normal left-side underestimation.
AB  - Ten adults, who were blind from infancy or childhood, laterally slid a horizontal
      rod within a short length of pipe located at the body midline, until the rod
      extremities were tactually-kinesthetically judged to be equidistant from the ends
      of the pipe. Whereas sighted subjects normally set the left extremity of the rod
      closer to the midline than the right irrespective of arm posture, crossed or
      uncrossed, blind subjects, especially those blind from birth showed trends in the
      opposite direction. The role of vision is discussed with respect to the
      development and expression of asymmetries relating to the coding of
      extracorporeal space.

PMID- 3714031
TI  - Hemispheric asymmetries in a tactile bisection task: effects of hemispace of
      presentation.
AB  - The validity of Bowers and Heilman's hemispace hypothesis (Neuropsychologia 18,
      491-498, 1980) that "laterality effects depend upon the spatial condition in
      which a stimulus is presented" was examined in two tactile bisection experiments
      (one with adults and the other with kindergarten children). Three indices:
      absolute error, constant error and directional error were employed to measure the
      accuracy of the two hands and hemispaces. The results did not support the
      hemispace hypothesis, though weak spatial condition effects appeared for female
      subjects.

PMID- 3714032
TI  - Listening with one or two hemispheres: verbal dichotic testing after intracarotid
      barbiturate injection.
AB  - A verbal dichotic test was given to 16 patients during right or left hemisphere
      narcosis induced by intracarotid barbiturate injection (Wada's procedure). During
      right hemisphere narcosis patients did not repeat left ear words. This
      demonstrates an intrahemispheric competition within the left hemisphere at the
      detriment of left ipsilateral ear words. After left dominant hemisphere narcosis,
      when aphasia had apparently disappeared, patients temporarily did not repeat
      right ear words. This suggests that, during this critical time period, two
      competitive processes took place. First the right hemisphere selected the left
      ear words by an intrahemispheric competition. Second it imposed them on the
      recovering left hemisphere at the detriment of right ear words, because of an
      interhemispheric competition.

PMID- 3714033
TI  - Effects of simultaneous vs sequential stimulus presentation on memory performance
      following temporal lobe resection in humans.
AB  - This study examines the differential effects of simultaneous vs sequential
      stimulus presentation on performance of a visuo-spatial memory task in patients
      following unilateral temporal lobectomy for relief of complex-partial seizures.
      Eleven subjects with surgical resection of the left temporal lobe, 13 subjects
      with surgical resection of the right temporal lobe, and 12 normal controls were
      examined. Results indicate that both the Right and the Left surgical groups were
      impaired on the visuo-spatial memory task employed. Further, the Right resection
      group was significantly more impaired for the recall of stimuli presented in the
      sequential condition as compared to the simultaneous condition.

PMID- 3714034
TI  - CBF gradient changes elicited by visual stimulation and visual memory tasks.
AB  - Normal volunteers underwent three successive scans of regional cerebral blood
      flow (rCBF) using the 133Xe inhalation technique during visual stimulation, a
      recognition memory task and a resting state defined by high EEG alpha content.
      Since the stimulation was virtually identical in both non-rest conditions, we
      were able to separate the CBF pattern resulting from simple stimulation and that
      resulting from the cognitive (recognition memory) component alone. These turned
      out to have very nearly opposite effects on the normal anterior-to-posterior
      resting state gradient: the sensory component diminished the gradient, while the
      cognitive component exaggerated it. It is suggested that these normative data can
      be of clinical value in the study of cerebral recovery/reorganization following
      post-traumatic amnesia.

PMID- 3714035
TI  - The role of the right hemisphere in processing negative sentences in context.
AB  - Given a pattern consisting of x1, x2,..., xn similar elements and y1, which is
      perceived as different from the former, it is more plausible to assert that y is
      not x rather than to assert that x is not y (Wason, J. verb. Learn verb. Behav.
      4, 7-11, 1965). In order to appreciate such a difference, the entire set has to
      be considered. Right-hemisphere brain-damaged patients were submitted to a series
      of visually presented patterns, each pattern consisting of seven similar items
      and one dissimilar item. Their task was to complete a statement referring to a
      single element of each pattern. Statements were either simple affirmative or
      negative sentences. Errors and reaction times were recorded. Patients with a
      right-hemisphere injury were found to be insensitive to the plausible-implausible
      dimension in completing negative sentences. It is hypothesized that right
      hemisphere brain-damaged patients are less adequate in this task because they are
      less capable in putting each element into the visual context.

PMID- 3714036
TI  - The nonspeech assessment of hemispheric specialization in retarded children.
AB  - A visual half-field presentation technique was used to assess hemispheric
      asymmetries in young, language-deficient, retarded children who had been taught a
      nonspeech graphic symbol system. Unlike most tachistoscopic and dichotic
      listening methods, the present method did not require verbal instruction or
      verbal responses. In addition, the subjects' explicit understanding of the need
      to fixate visually prior to stimulus presentation was not necessary. Meaningful
      graphic symbols were recognized more accurately when presented to the hemisphere
      associated with the dominant eye and hand. Recognition of meaningless symbols was
      best when they were presented to the nondominant hemisphere. There was a
      significant hemispheric specialization effect similar to what would be expected
      in older, normal subjects using traditional methods.

PMID- 3714037
TI  - Effect of visual complexity in tachistoscopic recognition of Kanji and Kana
      symbols by German subjects.
AB  - Kana and Kanji characters differing in figural complexity, as defined by the
      number of strokes, were presented tachistoscopically in the right and left visual
      field to 20 right-handed German subjects not familiar with Japanese script.
      Neither an interaction between complexity of script and visual field nor any
      simple main effect of visual field were obtained. It is concluded that the
      complexity of the different types of script is not critical for visual field
      asymmetries observed in experiments dealing with the recognition of Kana and
      Kanji in Japanese subjects.

PMID- 3714038
TI  - Changes over time in the relationship between hand preference and writing hand
      among left-handers.
AB  - In a cross-sectional Dutch sample the percentage of left-handers writing with
      their left hand increased from 0% for people of 40 yr and over, to 100% for 14 yr
      olds and younger. The implications of this result for the use of writing hand as
      an index for handedness are discussed, and causes for this phenomenon are briefly
      explored.

PMID- 3714039
TI  - Prenatal development of nucleus basalis complex and related fiber systems in man:
      a histochemical study.
AB  - To provide parameters for study of the "cholinergic" innervation of a human fetal
      cerebrum, we have analyzed the prenatal development of histochemical reactivity
      in the nucleus basalis complex (a magnocellular complex known to contain a high
      concentration of cholinergic perikarya). Brains from fetuses and premature
      infants ranging between 8 and 35 weeks of gestation were frozen cut and processed
      by the thiocholine method for the demonstration of acetylcholinesterase activity.
      Since no consistent results were obtained with inhibitors on the material younger
      than 15 weeks, the histochemical reactivity for early stages was expressed as the
      total cholinesterase reactivity. The first sign of histochemical differentiation
      of the basal telencephalon is the appearance of a dark cholinesterase reactive
      "spot" situated between the developing lenticular nucleus and basal telencephalon
      surface as early as 9 weeks of gestation. The first cholinesterase reactive
      bundle connects this reactive area (nucleus basalis complex anlage) with the
      strongly reactive fiber system situated along the dorsal side of the optic tract.
      During the next "stage" (10.5 weeks), there is a significant increase in the size
      of the nucleus basalis complex and strongly cholinesterase reactive neuropil
      occupies the sublenticular, diagonal and septal areas. At this stage we have seen
      two new cholinesterase-reactive bundles: one well developed cholinesterase
      reactive fiber stratum approaching (but not penetrating) the neocortical anlage
      through the external capsule and another minute bundle running towards the medial
      limbic cortex through the precommissural septum. The supraoptic fiber system can
      be traced now to the pregeniculate area and the tegmentum. At 15 weeks, the first
      acetylcholinesterase reactive perikarya appear and the nucleus basalis complex
      anlage becomes segregated into several strongly reactive territories,
      corresponding in position to the medial septal, diagonal and basal nuclei as
      defined on adjacent Nissl stained sections. At this stage, fibers from the
      nucleus basalis complex enter the "white" matter of frontal, temporal, parietal
      and occipital parts of the cerebral hemisphere via the external capsule. Between
      15 and 18 weeks, acetylcholinesterase fibers spread throughout the "white" matter
      of the cerebral hemisphere. In the next "stage" (18-22 weeks), strongly reactive
      fibers can be followed from the nucleus basalis below the putamen and through the
      external capsule to the transient, synapse-rich subplate zone of frontal,
      temporal, parietal and occipital cortices.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3714040
TI  - Release of acetylcholinesterase in the rat nigrostriatal pathway: relation to
      receptor activation and firing rate.
AB  - Acetylcholinesterase is released from both axon terminals and dendrites of
      nigrostriatal neurons. The relationship of this phenomenon to: (1) activation of
      receptors, and (2) firing rate, has been examined. In the first series of
      experiments, apomorphine or acetylcholine were infused into substantiae nigrae of
      urethane anaesthetized rats, via push-pull cannulae. In the ipsilateral striatum,
      the release of acetylcholinesterase was modified in a fashion reminiscent of the
      changes in firing rate induced by these drugs in nigrostriatal cells. Thus,
      application of acetylcholine into the substantia nigra induced an increase, while
      apomorphine induced a decrease in the release of acetylcholinesterase from the
      striatum. However, in the substantia nigra, the release of acetylcholinesterase
      did not follow this pattern: acetylcholine reduced local release, while
      apomorphine caused no change. In the second part of this study we studied the
      relationship between firing rate of nigrostriatal cells and the release of
      acetylcholinesterase. Two compounds known to block neuronal impulse flow were
      infused into the substantia nigra. These drugs were tetrodotoxin (a Na+ channel
      blocker), or gamma-hydroxybutyrate (a drug which blocks impulse flow specifically
      in dopaminergic cells). Both compounds reduced the release of
      acetylcholinesterase in the ipsilateral striatum. However, locally in the
      substantia nigra there was no decrease in release of the enzyme. In fact,
      following administration of gamma-hydroxybutyrate, there was a large Ca2+
      dependent increase in release of acetylcholinesterase in the substantia nigra.
      These results suggest that release of acetylcholinesterase in the striatum may be
      linked to the discharge frequency of nigrostriatal neurons. On the other hand,
      release of acetylcholinesterase from the substantia nigra, which probably occurs
      from dendrites, is independent of Na+ mediated action potentials. This release
      may instead be associated with specific dendritic Ca2+ conductances.

PMID- 3714041
TI  - Monoamine innervation of the oculomotor nucleus in the rat. A radioautographic
      study.
AB  - The serotonin and noradrenaline innervations of the rat oculomotor nucleus were
      examined by high resolution radioautography after in vivo labeling with tritiated
      5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine, respectively. Noradrenaline as well as
      serotonin endings (axonal varicosities) pervaded the entire nucleus, but the
      latter were at least six times more numerous (1.3 X 10(6) per mm3 of tissue) and
      were often found in the immediate vicinity of neuronal somata and proximal
      dendrites. The axon terminals of both types were of similar size and exhibited
      some large dense-cored vesicles in association with aggregated small and clear
      vesicles. The dense-cored vesicles were, however, more frequent and the content
      in clear vesicles more pleomorphic in serotonin than noradrenaline endings. In
      single thin sections, the proportion of noradrenaline and serotonin profiles
      exhibiting a synaptic junction was relatively small (15%). These were either
      symmetrical or asymmetrical when made on dendritic branches but invariably
      symmetrical on spines. In addition, a significant number of serotonin terminals
      were seen in close apposition or synaptic contact with neuronal perikarya and
      large dendrites, allowing for a direct, "proximal" action of serotonin. Moreover,
      many such terminals appeared to be coupled with unlabeled endings of another
      category, characterized by dispersed, uniformly round and clear synaptic
      vesicles, providing an alternate route for a proximal effect of serotonin in the
      oculomotor nucleus. In line with previous investigations on other motor nuclei,
      these data support the likelihood of a close involvement of both noradrenaline
      and serotonin in the control of motoneuronal activity.

PMID- 3714042
TI  - The brief and the prolonged facilitatory effects of unmyelinated afferent input
      on the rat spinal cord are independently influenced by peripheral nerve section.
AB  - Single C-fibre strength stimuli applied to the sciatic nerve in the decerebrate
      spinal rat evoke three separate bursts of activity in posterior
      biceps/semitendinosus flexor alpha motorneurones which are associated with the
      arrival in the spinal cord of volleys in the A-beta, A-delta and C-afferent
      fibres. Repetitive stimulation of the sciatic nerve at 1 Hz for 20 s generates a
      progressive wind-up of response and an after-discharge lasting up to 10 s. Twelve
      to fourteen days after section of the sciatic nerve, stimuli applied central to
      the section evoke a larger than normal response in the posterior
      biceps/semitendinosus flexor motorneurones and repetitive stimulation (1 Hz, 20
      s) produces an after-discharge which is four times longer than that produced by
      stimulation of the intact nerve. In addition to the direct excitatory effects of
      sciatic nerve stimulation on the flexor motorneurones which lasts for seconds,
      conditioning stimuli to the sciatic nerve at C-fibre strength (1 Hz, 20 s)
      produce a facilitation of the flexor reflex evoked by a standard pressure
      stimulus to the ipsilateral and contralateral toes which lasts for 70 min.
      However, although the direct excitatory effects of stimulating a sectioned
      sciatic nerve on the posterior biceps/semitendinosus flexor motorneurones are
      exaggerated, the facilitation of the cutaneous flexion reflex evoked by
      stimulating sectioned sciatic nerves (1 Hz, 20 s) only lasts for 17 min. These
      results show that the mechanism which produces the rapid effects of sciatic nerve
      stimulation on the flexor reflex circuit can be separated from the mechanism
      which produces the prolonged facilitation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3714043
TI  - Autoradiographic study of the distribution of [3H]gamma-aminobutyrate
      accumulating neural elements in guinea-pig intestine: evidence for a transmitter
      function of gamma-aminobutyrate.
AB  - High affinity uptake, and the distribution of 3H-radiolabelled gamma
      aminobutyrate (GABA), cis-3-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid, beta-alanine,
      proline, and leucine have been examined autoradiographically in laminar
      preparations of the myenteric plexus from the guinea-pig intestine. Following
      labelling with [3H]proline and [3H]leucine, which are incorporated into neurons,
      silver grains were concentrated over recognisable perikarya in the ganglia and
      meshworks of the plexus, whilst [3H]GABA labelled a smaller proportion of neurons
      and their processes. Specificity of labelling in the sites of [3H]GABA-uptake was
      established using combinations of labelled and unlabelled GABA, beta-alanine, and
      cis-3-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid, substrates for glial or neuronal high
      affinity GABA uptake systems. Only myenteric neurons and their processes were
      labelled significantly by [3H]GABA and its analogue cis-3
      [3H]aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid. Using autoradiographs of laminar
      preparations and paraffin sections, [3H]GABA labelling was found over nerve fibre
      bundles that could be traced from their ganglionic origins through the
      interconnecting meshworks of the myenteric plexus into the innervation of the
      deep muscular plexus of the circular muscle layer where GABA is evidently
      concerned with prejunctional modulation of transmitter release. The extensive but
      selective distribution of [3H]GABA high affinity uptake sites in neural elements
      of the guinea-pig myenteric plexus is consistent with GABA being an enteric
      neurotransmitter.

PMID- 3714044
TI  - Further characterization of [3H]gamma-aminobutyric acid release from isolated
      neuronal growth cones: role of intracellular Ca2+ stores.
AB  - We have recently shown that growth cones isolated from neonatal rat forebrain
      possess uptake and release mechanisms for the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric
      acid. About half of the K+-induced release of [3H]gamma-aminobutyric acid from
      isolated growth cones is dependent on extracellular Ca2+. The remaining component
      of the [3H]gamma-aminobutyric acid release is unaffected by removal of
      extracellular Ca2+ and is resistant to blockade by the voltage-sensitive Ca2+
      channel blocker methoxyverapamil. In the present series of experiments we have
      used caffeine to assess the possible role of intracellular stores of Ca2+ in
      supporting that component of the K+-induced release of [3H]gamma-aminobutyric
      acid from isolated growth cones that is independent of extracellular Ca2+. We
      have chosen caffeine because of its well established effect of releasing Ca2+
      from smooth endoplasmic reticulum in muscle. We found that caffeine can release
      [3H]gamma-aminobutyric acid from isolated growth cones. This effect persists in
      Ca2+-free medium, in the presence of methoxyverapamil and in the absence of Na+.
      Furthermore, isobutylmethylxanthine could not substitute for caffeine suggesting
      that the caffeine effect is not due to phosphodiesterase inhibition and the
      subsequent rise in intracellular cyclic nucleotides. A combination of the
      mitochondrial poisons, Antimycin A and sodium azide had no effect on the release
      of [3H]gamma-aminobutyric acid induced either by caffeine or by high K+. We
      conclude that caffeine causes the release of Ca2+ from a non-mitochondrial store
      within the growth cone and that this Ca2+ store supports that component of the K+
      induced release of [3H]gamma-aminobutyric acid that is independent of
      extracellular Ca2+.

PMID- 3714045
TI  - Torpedo electromotor system development: biochemical differentiation of Torpedo
      electrocytes in vitro.
AB  - The accumulation of 2 postsynaptic proteins--the acetylcholine receptor and
      acetylcholinesterase, total protein and lactate dehydrogenase levels, and the
      evolution of the multiple molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase (exhibiting
      apparent sedimentation coefficients of 17, 13, 11 and 6S) have been examined in
      aneural cultures of embryonic Torpedo electric organ explanted before, during or
      after electrocyte differentiation and the onset of synaptogenesis. During
      electrocyte differentiation in vitro, with explants taken before the 38 mm stage,
      the relative proportions of the 17, 13 and 11S forms change in vitro as in vivo
      but the 6S form remains abnormally dominant. In tissue explants taken from 38 to
      47 mm stage embryos, the 4 major molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase
      differentiate in a manner identical to that observed in vivo. In explants taken
      after the onset of synaptogenesis (55-80 mm stages), the proportions of the
      acetylcholinesterase forms change as in vivo only during the first week in vitro
      whilst accumulation is occurring at the normal in vivo rate. The switch to the
      high acetylcholine receptor and acetylcholinesterase accumulation rate that
      occurs when synaptogenesis begins in vivo is not observed after any time lag in
      vitro with tissue explanted before the stage (55 mm) at which synaptogenesis
      begins. The effects on acetylcholinesterase and acetylcholine receptor
      accumulation of supplementing the medium with a neural tissue extract are
      described. The experiments were designed to elucidate the factors and mechanisms
      that regulate the differentiation and formation of chemical synapses using the
      electric organ of Torpedo marmorata as a model system. The results demonstrate
      that the complex changes occurring in the multiple molecular forms of
      acetylcholinesterase during electrocyte differentiation are not under direct
      neural control but that the switch to an increased acetylcholinesterase and
      acetylcholine receptor accumulation rate may be triggered by an external,
      possible neural factor.

PMID- 3714046
TI  - Architecture of apical dendrites in the murine neocortex: dual apical dendritic
      systems.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody (5F9) against microtubule-associated protein 2 is a
      selective and sensitive marker for neocortical dendrites in the mouse. The marker
      stains all dendrites. It affords a particularly comprehensive picture of the
      patterns of arrangements of apical dendrites which are most intensely stained
      with this antibody. Dual systems of apical dendrites arise from the polymorphic
      neurons of layer VI, on the one hand, and the pyramidal neurons of layers II-V,
      on the other. Terminal arborization of the former is concentrated principally at
      the interface of layers V and IV, while that of the latter is in the molecular
      layer. Apical dendrites of both systems are grouped into fascicles. In
      supragranular layers and in upper layer VI-lower layer V, where apical dendrites
      are most abundant, the fascicles coalesce into septa. These generate a honeycomb
      like pattern, subdividing these cortical levels into columnar spaces of
      approximately 20-40 micron diameter. At the level of layer IV, where the number
      of apical dendrites is greatly reduced, the fascicles are isolated bundles. These
      bundles have the form of circular, elliptical or rectangular columns in the
      primary somatosensory, temporal and frontal regions, respectively. Those in the
      barrel field are preferentially concentrated in the sides of barrels and the
      interbarrel septa. The configurations of the dendritic fascicles, particularly
      the midcortical bundles, may conform to the spatial configuration of investing
      axons of interneurons.

PMID- 3714047
TI  - The clinical features and natural history of the Steele-Richardson-Olszewski
      syndrome (progressive supranuclear palsy).
AB  - We analyzed the clinical features and natural history of 52 consecutive patients
      with the Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome. The most common symptoms at onset
      were unsteady gait, backward falls because of poor balance, visual disturbances,
      slurred speech, and forgetfulness. The median duration from onset to death was
      5.9 years, with a median survival after diagnosis of only 1.8 years.
      Bronchopneumonia was the usual cause of death recorded on death certificates.

PMID- 3714048
TI  - Survivors-only bias in estimating survival in Alzheimer's disease and vascular
      dementias.

PMID- 3714049
TI  - Listeria meningitis complicating treatment of myasthenia gravis with azathioprine
      and steroids.

PMID- 3714050
TI  - Self-stimulation for the plantar reflex.

PMID- 3714051
TI  - Memory for objects presented soon after intracarotid amobarbital sodium
      injections in patients with medically intractable complex partial seizures.
AB  - We evaluated the abilities of 36 patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy
      and left hemisphere dominance for language to later recognize objects presented
      in the confusional phase after left intracarotid amobarbital injection. Eighteen
      of 24 patients with left, but only 4/12 with right, temporal lobe epilepsy
      recognized at least two-thirds of objects during a post-test. These results
      demonstrate that the initial muteness and apparent confusion after amobarbital
      injection do not prohibit the formation of new memories; this gives further
      support to the idea that consciousness can be retained despite transient
      disruption of function of the language-dominant hemisphere.

PMID- 3714053
TI  - The spectrum of neurologic disorder from vitamin E deficiency.
AB  - We describe nine patients with fat malabsorption in whom a spectrum of vitamin E
      deficiency was present. Early deficiency was generally asymptomatic, and
      intermediate deficiency produced some impairment. Ataxia, weakness, reflex
      changes, impaired vision, and pigment retinopathy were associated with chronic,
      advanced deficiency. In the last group, delayed central somatosensory conduction
      and amplitude reduction of the electroretinogram were present. In adults, a
      severe vitamin E deficiency state existed for more than 5 years before producing
      measurable neurologic damage. The clinical picture is less homogeneous than
      previously suggested, and electrophysiologic abnormalities need not predate
      clinical dysfunction.

PMID- 3714052
TI  - Transthyretin: a choroid plexus-specific transport protein in human brain. The
      1986 S. Weir Mitchell award.
AB  - Plasma transthyretin (TTR, formerly called prealbumin) is a 55-kd protein that
      participates in the plasma transport of both thyroxine and retinol (vitamin A).
      TTR concentrations are disproportionately high in human ventricular CSF,
      suggesting that TTR is either selectively transported across or synthesized de
      novo within the blood-CSF barrier. To address this question, we adopted a
      molecular genetic approach; after isolating a cDNA clone encoding human TTR, we
      previously demonstrated specific TTR messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis in rat
      choroid plexus. We have now extended these investigations to the human brain.
      Northern analysis of postmortem brain homogenates revealed abundant TTR mRNA in
      choroid plexus, but not in cerebellum or cerebral cortex. Choroid plexus mRNA was
      readily translated into TTR preprotein in an in vitro translation system. An
      immunocytochemical survey of human postmortem brain sections revealed the
      presence of TTR protein specifically and uniquely in the cytoplasm of choroid
      plexus epithelial cells; these results were corroborated at the mRNA level by an
      extensive survey of whole rat-brain sections by in situ hybridization. Therefore,
      within the mammalian CNS, TTR is the first known protein synthesized solely by
      the choroid plexus, suggesting a special role for TTR in the brain or CSF.
      Whether this function differs from its established plasma transport functions is
      presently unknown.

PMID- 3714054
TI  - Risk factors for clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease: a case-control study
      of an Italian population.
AB  - We conducted a case-control study of 116 patients with the clinical diagnosis of
      Alzheimer's disease (AD) in seven Italian centers. One hundred sixteen hospital
      controls and 97 population controls were matched by age, sex, and region of
      residence to the cases. A structured questionnaire was administered to the next
      of-kin of cases and controls by trained interviewers to identify possible risk
      factors. Genetic, viral, toxic, immunologic, medical, surgical, and personality
      factors were investigated. Dementia among first- or second-degree relatives and
      advanced age of the mother at subject's birth (age over 40) were associated with
      AD. Head trauma was more frequent in cases than in either hospital or population
      controls, but the differences were not significant. Our data did not confirm the
      previously reported association with antecedent thyroid disease or family history
      of Down's syndrome.

PMID- 3714056
TI  - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: histologic, histochemical, and ultrastructural
      abnormalities of skin.
AB  - We studied the reticular dermis in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
      (ALS) and controls with or without neurologic diseases. By light microscopy,
      collagen bundles in ALS dermis were reduced in amount and more loosely woven than
      in controls. Electronmicroscopy revealed a significant negative correlation
      between duration of illness and the diameter of collagen fibrils in patients with
      ALS. There was also a marked increase of amorphous material positive for
      ruthenium red in the ground substance. These findings were not observed in
      controls.

PMID- 3714055
TI  - Quantitative motor assessment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
AB  - Reliable measurements are needed to document the natural history of ALS and to
      determine therapeutic efficacy. We have devised a standardized protocol that
      generates interval data sensitive to change-the Tufts Quantitative Neuromuscular
      Exam (TQNE). The TQNE consists of the following four major categories: pulmonary
      function, oropharyngeal function, timed functional activities, and isometric
      strength using an electronic strain gauge. The 29-item exam takes about 1 hour to
      administer and has excellent test-retest reliability.

PMID- 3714057
TI  - Systemic carnitine deficiency due to lack of electron transfer
      flavoprotein:ubiquinone oxidoreductase.
AB  - A child with myopathy and systemic carnitine deficiency died at age 8 years in an
      acute metabolic attack. He had glutaric aciduria type II, and his cultured
      fibroblasts contained normal activity of four different acyl CoA dehydrogenases,
      but there was deficiency of electron transfer flavoprotein:ubiquinone
      oxidoreductase (ETF-QO). This enzyme is thought to reduce coenzyme Q in the
      respiratory chain, funneling reducing equivalents from seven flavoproteins in the
      beta-oxidation of acyl CoAs. There was massive urinary excretion of the short
      chain acylcarnitines that accumulated in mitochondria as a result of the ETF-QO
      defect. Carnitine therefore acts as a buffer for excessive accumulation of
      intramitochondrial acyl CoAs, and defective beta-oxidation can cause carnitine
      insufficiency.

PMID- 3714058
TI  - Proactive neurology for the present and future. Presidential address. American
      Academy of Neurology, 1985.

PMID- 3714059
TI  - Tobacco intolerance in multiple system atrophy.
AB  - In a patient with multiple system atrophy, the ataxia was temporarily exacerbated
      by cigarette smoking. The phenomenon is attributed to a direct effect of nicotine
      on the central nervous system, rather than being secondary to autonomic changes.
      Its prevalence and specificity are currently unknown.

PMID- 3714060
TI  - From benign fasciculations and cramps to motor neuron disease.
AB  - Fasciculations and cramps may occur in motor neuron disease or as part of a more
      benign syndrome. A man with apparently benign fasciculations and cramps for 4
      years developed progressive muscle weakness and wasting. Such a previously
      undocumented evolution of benign fasciculations and cramps to motor neuron
      disease may further implicate anterior horn cell dysfunction in the pathogenesis
      of muscle fasciculation-cramp syndromes.

PMID- 3714061
TI  - MRI periventricular lesions in adults.
AB  - We studied MRI findings of a periventricular high-signal intensity pattern in 151
      adults older than 50 years. Only 7.8% of patients who had no identified
      cerebrovascular risk factors and who reported no cerebrovascular symptoms had
      these MRI periventricular lesions; 78.5% of patients with a history of
      cerebrovascular risk factors and who had had cerebrovascular symptoms had
      periventricular patterns.

PMID- 3714062
TI  - [Clinico-therapeutic evaluation of the hypertensive patient by the isometric
      exertion test].

PMID- 3714064
TI  - [Repair of the complete atrioventricular canal in infants under 6 months of age].

PMID- 3714063
TI  - [Frequency and sex and age distribution of cardiopathy in arterial hypertension].

PMID- 3714065
TI  - [Aortic pseudocoarctation complicated by dissection or aneurysm. Apropos of 3
      cases].

PMID- 3714066
TI  - [Risks of pregnancy in persons with heart valve prostheses].

PMID- 3714067
TI  - [Evaluation of cerebral ischemia during carotid thromboendarterectomy
      operations].

PMID- 3714068
TI  - [Local neurologic complications in carotid surgery].

PMID- 3714069
TI  - [Phlebographic aspects of deep venous thrombosis of the legs. Analysis of 92
      observed cases].

PMID- 3714070
TI  - [Reoperation in suppuration of axillo-femoral bypass].

PMID- 3714071
TI  - [Transitory malfunction of a pacemaker diagnosed by Holter dynamic
      electrocardiography. Description of a case].

PMID- 3714072
TI  - [Negative giant T wave in myocardial infarct. Its course and prognostic
      significance].

PMID- 3714073
TI  - [Formulation of a sequential diagnostic protocol in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy].

PMID- 3714074
TI  - [Incidence of retinal and renal complications in arterial hypertension].

PMID- 3714075
TI  - Management of oesophageal perforations; a tailored approach.
AB  - The results of treatment of 20 oesophageal perforations were retrospectively
      studied in 19 consecutive patients. Most complications occurred after endoscopic
      procedures, after a delay in treatment of more than 12 hours, in patients with
      intrinsic oesophageal disease and in cases where only drainage procedures were
      possible. Because of the many factors that influence the outcome of the treatment
      of oesophageal perforation it is stressed that the therapeutic approach should
      not be dogmatic, but tailored to the individual patient. Although morbidity is
      still high, mortality has markedly decreased by this differentiated approach, the
      only death not being directly related to the perforation. Early recognition
      remains the most important factor in the prognosis of patients with oesophageal
      perforation.

PMID- 3714076
TI  - Carcinoma of the thyroglossal duct.
AB  - Based on the case histories of six patients with carcinoma of the thyroglossal
      duct, the literature on the origin and treatment of this disease was reviewed. As
      to the treatment of papillary adenocarcinoma there is some controversy, although
      in most cases treatment is limited to local excision as described by Sistrunk,
      provided that tumor growth is restricted to the cyst. The prognosis of this
      carcinoma seems favorable. Squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroglossal duct is
      rare; there is no uniform advice as to its treatment, and the prognosis is poor.

PMID- 3714078
TI  - Unexpected hypopotassemia after multiple blood transfusions during an operation.
AB  - A series of 226 patients undergoing major surgery was studied to asses the
      influence of the volume of transfused donor blood on the postoperative serum
      potassium level. Patients with a low serum potassium and with impaired renal
      function preoperatively and patients receiving medication capable of reducing the
      total body potassium were excluded from the study. Laboratory studies included
      complete blood count, electrolyte value measurements, serum creatinine, BUN,
      glucose, acid-base balance as well as urinalysis. A direct relationship between
      the volume of transfused blood and a shift of serum potassium was not found.
      Hyperkalemia did not occur, however, unexpected hypokalemia occurred in 50
      patients. Metabolic acidosis and hyperglycemia were found in 57% and 48%
      respectively and did not seem to have a distinct influence on the potassium
      balance. As this hypokalemia can cause complications, its presence has to be
      anticipated and certain drugs like calcium, insulin, bicarbonate and digitalis
      have to be used with great caution in this situation.

PMID- 3714077
TI  - Continent ileostomy with protective loop ileostomy: early experience.
AB  - A continent ileostomy for patients with ulcerative colitis or polyposis coli is
      one of the alternatives to a conventional ileostomy. Construction of the
      continent ileostomy is a complex operation that can be followed by multiple,
      serious, and rather intractable surgical complications. In a small series of ten
      patients, a temporary diversion loop ileostomy was used to promote uncomplicated
      healing. The lack of any immediate surgical postoperative complications supports
      our point of view that, at least in centers with little experience of continent
      ileostomy, a two-stage procedure is preferable to a one-stage procedure.

PMID- 3714079
TI  - The post-carpal tunnel syndrome. Causes and prevention.
AB  - Even after opening the carpal tunnel for median nerve compression 25 percent of
      patients have persistent symptoms, the so-called post-carpal tunnel syndrome.
      Analysis of 135 median nerve decompressions carried out for primary carpal tunnel
      syndrome showed flexor tenosynovitis in the flexor sheaths of the fingers and
      operation scarring to be the main causes. A different local pathology in the hand
      can also be responsible for the symptoms, and it is important to diagnose such
      conditions before median nerve decompression so that correction can be performed
      simultaneously. This is demonstrated in a series of 31 patients.

PMID- 3714080
TI  - Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in childhood--report of two cases and review
      of the literature.
AB  - Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a rare disease in children. Two young
      patients of 9 years and 3 months of age are described, with diffuse XPN in a non
      functioning left kidney. Nephrectomy was performed in both cases. XPN is a rare
      variant of chronic, nonspecific pyelonephritis with either diffuse or local
      segmental involvement of the kidney. Histologically the renal tissue shows a
      granulomatous inflammatory infiltrate composed of foam cells, plasma cells,
      lymphocytes and sometimes multinucleated giant cells, abscesses may be present.
      An accurate preoperative diagnosis is seldom made; in the presence of a non
      functioning kidney treatment is nephrectomy.

PMID- 3714081
TI  - Idiopathic fibrous mediastinitis--a case report.
AB  - A rare case of idiopathic fibrous mediastinitis is reported. Symptoms, etiology,
      diagnostic and therapeutic aspects are discussed with reference to the
      literature. In this case in which dysphagia and hoarseness were the presenting
      symptoms, a successful oesophageal myotomy was performed.

PMID- 3714082
TI  - [Bacampicillin vs amoxicillin in respiratory pathology].
AB  - Clinical research was conducted to evaluate the comparative therapeutic efficacy
      in respiratory pathology of 800 mg X 2 per diem bacampicillin v. 1000 mg X 2 per
      diem amoxicillin, both orally administered. The results were more or less
      identical and are interpreted as indicating the better constant absorption of the
      precursor, hence its higher concentration gradient that produces a higher
      antibiotic concentration in the lungs.

PMID- 3714083
TI  - [Effect of tiropramide on solid gastric emptying time in man].
AB  - The influence of Thyropramide, a recently developed spasmolytic on the gastric
      emptying times of a solid meal was assessed in 10 healthy subjects aged 23-54.
      Thyropramide (300 mg per diem for 3 days per os) does not significantly modify
      gastric emptying time compared to the placebo though a slight average increase in
      T 1/2 was noted. No side effects were noted during the study. Thyropramide
      therefore appears to have a spasmolytic effect on the large intestine without in
      any way influence the stomach either proximally or distally.

PMID- 3714084
TI  - [Obesity and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Considerations on an
      epidemiological study].
AB  - We have investigated the age of onset of diabetes mellitus and the body weight in
      an ethnically homogeneous population of type II diabetics (737 subjects, of whom
      248 newly diagnosed). In newly diagnosed diabetics the mean age of onset of
      diabetes was significantly (p less than 0.001) lower in males than in females.
      The mean percentage of overweight was significantly (p less than 0.001) higher in
      female than in male diabetics. In percent, newly diagnosed female diabetics were
      more obese than newly diagnosed male diabetics. In males, no correlation was
      found between age and weight, at the moment of diagnosis, while in females a
      poorly significant (p less than 0.05) negative correlation was found. Our results
      seem to indicate that in an ethnic group, besides overweight, other (genetic?,
      dietetic?, environmental?) factors can be prevalent causes of diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3714085
TI  - [Heterozygous beta thalassemia and gastrointestinal pathology].
AB  - A 29 month personal experience with patients clinically followed-up at the
      divisions of internal medicine and surgery of Comacchio Hospital, located in an
      area of high incidence of heterozygote Beta thalassemic carrier is presented. A
      greater predisposition of these heterozygote carriers to manifest duodenal ulcers
      and gastric neoplasms is noticed.

PMID- 3714086
TI  - [Etiopathogenetic and physiopathological considerations on biliary peritonitis].
AB  - On the basis of a survey of the literature, an etiopathogenetic classification of
      biliary peritonitis is presented, with particular reference to forms without
      perforation. The variability of clinical picture and the difficulties of correct
      pre-operative diagnosis explain the mortality rate of 30-50%.

PMID- 3714087
TI  - [Prognostic value of postoperative determination of CEA in carcinoma of the large
      intestine].
AB  - The C.E.A. level was routinely determined in the follow up of 133 patients who
      underwent surgery because of colorectal cancer. Preoperative levels of C.E.A.
      appear to be related to Dukes staging of the disease. Postoperative values of the
      marker were higher than normal in 36 patients, 91% of whom had recurrences;
      normal postoperative values were observed in 90 patients and only 21% of these
      eventually showed recurrences.

PMID- 3714088
TI  - [Hypothalamo-hypophyseal metastasis: a rare initial manifestation of
      adenocarcinoma of the jejunum. Description of a clinical case].
AB  - A rare case of jejunal adenocarcinoma is described in which the initial clinical
      sign was diabetes insipidus and hypopituitarism linked to hypothalamohypophyseal
      metastasis. The rarity of the intestinal neoplasm and the unusual site of the
      metastatic lesions are underlined.

PMID- 3714089
TI  - [Kinesiology in thromboembolic prophylaxis in patients treated for lateral
      fracture of the femur neck].
AB  - A kinesiological schema designed to facilitate functional recovery and prevent
      postoperative thromboembolism secondary to venous stasis in patients given
      surgical osteosynthesis for fractures of the femoral neck is presented.

PMID- 3714090
TI  - [Automated determination of total nitrogen in urine and feces].
AB  - Urine and stool total nitrogen was measured using the Carlo Erba Strumentazione
      NA 1500 nitrogen analyzer. Determinations were carried out on 10 mcl, 20 mcl and
      50 mcl urine samples and on 20-50 mg stool samples. Both urine and stool data
      distributions were normal, thus indicating the reliability of the method. The NA
      and the classic Kjeldahl method gave very close results in the same urine
      specimen; slight and not significant differences were found in stool analysis,
      most likely caused by the poor homogeneity of the material. Due to the
      automation, they very short analysis time, the accuracy and the reproducibility
      of the results, NA 1500 can be used in clinical practice for nitrogen balance
      studies by direct measurement of losses.

PMID- 3714091
TI  - [Constitutions and generalities in traditional Tibetan medicine].
AB  - The present work is the result of a preliminary study promoted by C.I.S.ME.T.
      (the International Tibetan Medicine Study Centre) and aims to unify the
      diagnostic and therapeutic language of various medical cultures. In line with the
      spirit of the W.H.O. aimed at safeguarding the cultural heritage represented by
      popular and traditional medicine, encouraged by the Tibetan Medical Centre and
      under the auspices of His Holiness the Dalai Lama a terminological and conceptual
      integration of the basic elements of traditional Tibetan medicine is proposed.
      The Rlung, Bad Kan, Mkris Pa constitution is correlated with embryological
      anatomy. The 5 exhalations, 5 biles and 5 phlegbs are analysed from a tissue
      viewpoint with a search for parallels with embryological tissues.

PMID- 3714092
TI  - [Epicondylitis].

PMID- 3714093
TI  - [24-hour pH measurement and Holter ECG monitoring in studying patients with
      angina-like chest pain. Our experience].
AB  - Preliminary experience with the combined use of 24 pH-metering and Holter ECG
      monitoring in the differential diagnosis of angina-like-pain (ALP) is reported.
      Twenty patients aged 24-65 (15 females and 5 males) all with angina-like-pain
      were studied. The aim of the study was to differentiate between oesophageal and
      cardiac causes of the various types of chest pain and to investigate the
      possibility of their coexistence. 50% of the ALP patients with a negative non
      invasive cardiological report presented a pathological gastroesophageal reflux.
      In 5% of the cases simultaneous coronary insufficiency and pathological gastro
      oesophageal reflux was noted. The importance of performing both Holter recordings
      and pH-metering before subjecting patients to coronarography is therefore
      emphasised.

PMID- 3714094
TI  - [Clofibrate hepatitis. A case report].
AB  - The case of a patient who developed hepatitis during treatment with clofibrate is
      reported. The first attack of hepatitis, which resolved after the drug was
      suspended, was followed by another at rechallenge with a similar drug,
      fenofibrate.

PMID- 3714095
TI  - [Cytologic aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis and therapy of solitary cystic
      nodular thyropathies].
AB  - Between January and December 1983, 36 patients with single and benign cystic
      thyroid nodules underwent fine needle aspiration. They received, after fine
      needle aspiration, medical treatment (antiinflammatory drugs and L-T4). Clinical
      and ultrasonographic follow-up was performed either 6 and 18 months after FNA, to
      evaluate the lesion evolution. The six-month follow-up demonstrated no
      ultrasonographic signs of cystic lesion in 11 cases (30.6%); a decreased volume
      in 21 (58.3%) and four recurrences (11.1%), which underwent surgical treatment
      (lobectomy). In 21 patients with persistent lesions at 18 month follow-up, a
      cystic reduction in a 79.9% rate was documented. These data suggests the
      diagnostic importance of FNA and the safety of this method not only to surgical
      selection of patients, but also to the treatment of benign thyroid cysts.

PMID- 3714096
TI  - [Iodine and delayed immunity].
AB  - Iodine was and is sometimes used therapeutically in various pathologies where the
      immune mechanism is known to play a dominant role. It has in fact been
      administered to patients with tubercular granulomatous, lepromatous, syphilitic
      and mycotic lesions where it facilitates cure. This effect does not depend on
      iodine's action on the micro-organism responsible. Iodine may also be used in
      Villanova-Panol Panniculitis, in erythema nodosum, in nodular vasculitis,
      erythema multiforme and Sweet's syndrome. Oral iodine is also very effective in
      the lymphatic-cutaneous form of sporotrichosis. In order to establish a
      relationship between dietary iodine and immune response, 607 infants residing in
      an area of endemic goitre were studied: 215 were given Lugol solution (2 drops a
      week for about 8 months) and 392 not. The immune response was assessed by the
      skin test method using tetanic toxoid and a clear correlation was shown between
      this and lymphocyte stimulation and monocytic chemotaxis tests. The test was
      considered positive when an infiltration of at least 5 mm in diameter was shown
      after 48 hours (in the U.S. 80% of paediatric cases aged 2-10 years old were
      positive). A significant difference was noted in the average diameter of the
      infiltrations after the tetanic toxoid skin test in the two groups considered (P
      less than 0.001). The results appear to indicate that an adequate iodine intake
      is necessary for normal retarded immune response. The molecular mechanism by
      which iodine increases immune response is still to be decided.

PMID- 3714098
TI  - [Epidemiological assessment of thyrotoxicosis in a hospitalized population].
AB  - This personal survey aims to provide further epidemiological data on
      thyrotoxicosis in view of the fact that reports in the literature refer solely to
      a limited number of geographical areas. In particular an assessment was conducted
      on patients admitted to Pordenone Hospital with thyrotoxicosis between 1-1-1983
      and 31-12-1984. The results obtained were compared with those encountered in
      other studies of this pathology.

PMID- 3714097
TI  - [Pathogenic microorganisms on the pharyngeal swabs from hospital personnel].
AB  - After a survey of the literature concerning nosocomial infections, 593 healthy
      human subjects belonging to the "Ospedale S. Croce Cuneo" staff, have been
      investigated for the presence of Staphylococcus aureus and other pathogenic
      bacteria in their oropharyngeal secretions.

PMID- 3714099
TI  - [Physical health and drug dependence].
AB  - 90 hospitalized drug addicts observed in 1979-83 were examined. The investigation
      of the main anamnestic, clinical and instrumental parameters made it possible to
      construct a profile of the main physical handicaps affecting drug addicts and the
      main pathologies they encounter. In conclusion it is emphasised that it is
      probably not the drug in itself but rather their unhealthy life style that is the
      primary cause of drug addicts' poor health.

PMID- 3714101
TI  - Inhibition of the nociceptive jaw opening reflex by the lateral reticular nucleus
      (LRN) in the rabbit.
AB  - The effect of stimulation of the lateral reticular nucleus (LRN) on the jaw
      opening reflex (JOR), evoked by tooth pulp or by palatal tissue stimulation, was
      studied in anesthetized rabbits. The results show an inhibitory effect on the JOR
      evoked by tooth pulp stimulation, which is considered a nociceptive reflex, while
      no effect is shown on the JOR evoked by palatal tissue stimulation. The maximum
      effect was observed at intervals of 30-50 ms between the two stimuli and the more
      effective site of inhibition in the nucleus was found to be the ventrolateral
      portion. The result of a selective effect of LRN stimulation on nociceptive
      reflexes supports the view of a role of this nucleus in the central mechanisms of
      pain control.

PMID- 3714100
TI  - [Medical or surgical treatment of the elderly bleeding ulcer patient].
AB  - In recent years there has been a distinct decline in the total number of
      operations for ulcers while the number performed for ulcerous complications has
      remained more or less constant. Hesitation between medical and surgical treatment
      most frequently arises in the case of bleeding especially when the patient is
      elderly. A retrospective study is conducted on 526 ulcer patients encountered in
      1976-84 and a comparison is made with the literature as a means of identifying
      the limitations of conservative treatment. Certain parameters of possible use in
      the treatment of bleeding ulcers in the elderly are identified.

PMID- 3714102
TI  - Otolith stimulation evokes compensatory reflex eye movements of high velocity
      when linear motion of the head is combined with concurrent angular motion.
AB  - Previous investigations have failed to find significant compensatory eye
      movements in response to linear motion of the head. However, the fact that visual
      acuity is essentially preserved during natural head movements, which combine both
      linear and angular components, is evidence that there must be compensation for
      linear translation. Hence we examined the lateral eye movements produced by
      angular oscillation, in the dark, in yaw at 0.5 and 1.5 Hz, 80 degrees/s peak,
      with the head both centred and positioned 30 cm eccentric from the axis of
      rotation in order to produce an additional linear acceleration acting
      tangentially. The combined stimuli produced high velocities of eye movement which
      were much greater than those produced by angular motion alone. The findings are
      evidence or a linear-compensatory reflex which is probably otolithic. The
      dependency of otolithic eye movements on concurrent stimulation of the
      semicircular canals is a possible explanation of positional nystagmus in neuro
      otological disease in which it may be released by a pathological imbalance of
      canal function.

PMID- 3714104
TI  - Kinematics of locomotion in cats with partially deafferented spinal cords: the
      spared-root preparation.
AB  - The spinal cord was partially deafferented in two cats by dorsal rhizotomy
      sparing the dorsal root, L6. Kinematic methods were used to study movements of
      the pelvis and the affected hindlimb during treadmill walking. The E2 yield of
      the ankle 2 days postsurgery was of greater duration and extent than normal.
      Longer duration remained at 14 days, whereas the extent was normal by 5 days.
      Knee displacement was limited during E3. Lateral oscillations of the pelvis were
      exaggerated initially, but normal by 14 days. Pelvic shift over the contralateral
      limb suggested abnormal loading patterns during early recovery. These qualitative
      descriptions of motor recovery are consistent with reported central nervous
      system responses following partial deafferentation.

PMID- 3714103
TI  - Responsiveness to 'autoreceptor' doses of apomorphine inversely correlated with
      the firing rate of dopaminergic A9 neurons: action of baclofen.
AB  - Supersensitivity of dopamine (DA) autoreceptors develops soon after acute
      treatments with baclofen or gamma-butyrolactone, two drugs which suppress DA
      neuronal firing. We have hypothesized that this effect might reflect a condition
      associated with the low firing rate of DA cells induced by such treatments rather
      than a long-term adaptive modification of DA receptor sensitivity. In this study
      we show that the degree of the intravenous apomorphine-induced inhibition of A9
      DA neurons is inversely correlated to the basal firing rate of these neurons.
      When administered after baclofen, apomorphine further reduced DA cell activities
      in a manner proportional to the predrug firing rate, as in control rats. Since
      the minute doses of apomorphine which were used are thought to selectively
      activate DA autoreceptors, our finding may indicate that DA autoreceptor
      stimulation is more effective when the activity of the DA neurons is low, or it
      is decreased by drugs such as baclofen.

PMID- 3714105
TI  - Diagonal band neurons may mediate arterial baroreceptor input to hypothalamic
      vasopressin-secreting neurons.
AB  - Diagonal band of Broca (DBB) neurons projecting to the hypothalamic supraoptic
      neurosecretory neurons were antidromically identified in pentobarbital
      anesthetized male Long-Evans rats. Six of 12 DBB neurons tested for response to
      baroreceptor activation showed a consistent increase in firing. We propose that
      the established baroreceptor-induced inhibition of hypothalamic vasopressinergic
      neurons is mediated through DBB neurons.

PMID- 3714106
TI  - alpha-N-acetylated beta-endorphin is differentially processed in the normal and
      hypothalamo-pituitary-disconnected (HPD) ewe.
AB  - We have used specific radioimmunoassay and high-performance liquid chromatography
      (HPLC) to determine content and molecular forms of pituitary alpha-N-acetylated
      endorphin (NacEP) in the intact and hypothalamo-pituitary-disconnected (HPD)
      sheep. No significant differences were seen in anterior pituitary (AP)
      immunoreactive (ir-) NacEP levels (control = 4.34 +/- 0.45 ng/mg; HPD = 4.38 +/-
      0.83 ng/mg; n = 4) or in HPLC profiles following pituitary disconnection. In
      contrast, levels of ir-NacEP in the HPD intermediate lobe (IL) (263 +/- 16.5
      ng/mg; n = 4) were double those in the control (110 +/- 14 ng/mg; n = 4),
      accompanied by a marked change in the molecular profile. In the control IL, the
      major species were Nac alpha EP (30%), Nac gamma EP (30%) and Nac beta EP1-27
      (35%); in HPD IL, Nac beta EP1-27 (65%) is the dominant molecular form, with Nac
      alpha EP (11%) and Nac gamma EP (9%) relatively minor components.

PMID- 3714107
TI  - Low doses of naloxone produce analgesia in the mouse brain by blocking
      presynaptic autoinhibition of enkephalin release.
AB  - The involvement of presynaptic autoinhibition of Met-enkephalin release in
      naloxone-induced analgesia was studied. In both acetic acid writhing and tail
      flick tests in mice, naloxone produced biphasic effects, analgesia at very low
      doses (1 microgram/kg s.c. or 1 ng intracisternal) and hyperalgesia at higher
      doses (100 micrograms/kg s.c. or 100 ng intracisternal). Morphine at 10(-6) to
      10(-5)M depressed the high K+-evoked release of Met-enkephalin from slices of the
      rat brainstem by 12.5-55.9% of control, while naloxone at 10(-6)M significantly
      enhanced the release by 80.6%. These findings strongly suggest that in the mouse
      brain a very low dose of naloxone produces analgesia by blocking autoinhibition
      of enkephalin release.

PMID- 3714108
TI  - Regional cerebral glucose metabolic rate during thirty minutes hypoxia of 7%
      oxygen in adult conscious rats.
AB  - The effect of hypoxia on the regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose
      (rCMRgl) was measured in 28 neuroanatomical structures of adult, conscious,
      unrestrained rats by the 2-[14C]deoxyglucose autoradiographic technique. Rats
      were cannulated in one femoral artery and vein 3 days before the experiments. The
      rCMRgl was measured in 15 rats during 30 min air breathing and in 13 rats during
      30 min hypoxia of 7% O2 in N2. Statistically significant increases in rCMRgl in
      the order of 39-95% were observed in 25 of the 28 neuroanatomical structures
      examined. The highest increases in rCMRgl were observed in cerebral and
      cerebellar white matter (95% and 60%, respectively), as well as in limbic
      structures ranging from a 91% increase in the septal nuclei to a 55% increase in
      the hypothalamus. The superior olivary nucleus and inferior colliculus (auditory
      structures) were the only structures which did not show changes in glucose
      utilization. The present data are compared with previous studies during hypoxia
      in conscious or anesthetized animals. It is concluded that the degree of rCMRgl
      response to hypoxia is affected by anesthesia, age and species.

PMID- 3714109
TI  - Effects of diazepam, pentobarbital, phenytoin and pentylenetetrazol on
      hippocampal paired-pulse inhibition in vivo.
AB  - The effects of diazepam, pentobarbital, phenytoin and pentylenetetrazol on paired
      pulse inhibition were assessed in the intact rat hippocampus. Diazepam (4 mg/kg
      i.p.) and pentobarbital (15 mg/kg i.p.) increased inhibition over control levels,
      while phenytoin (15 mg/kg i.p.) and pentylenetetrazol (20 mg/kg i.p.) decreased
      inhibition from control levels. The present results with diazepam, pentobarbital
      and pentylenetetrazol confirm previous reports. However, the present results
      indicate that augmentation of GABA-ergic inhibition is not involved in the
      anticonvulsant action of phenytoin.

PMID- 3714110
TI  - Activation of substantia gelatinosa by midbrain reticular stimulation
      demonstrated with 2-deoxyglucose in the rat spinal cord.
AB  - The autoradiographic [14C]2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) method was used to map the
      descending effects of midbrain reticular stimulation on the rat cervical spinal
      cord. The stimulation evoked consistently a defensive 'freezing' reaction as well
      as a large and highly localized increase in 2-DG uptake in the substantia
      gelatinosa (SG) (Rexed laminae 2-3). No stimulus-induced changes in 2-DG uptake
      were produced in the other regions of the spinal cord. The findings represent the
      first anatomical demonstration of the activating effects of midbrain reticular
      stimulation on the spinal cord. They also support the concept of an integrative
      role for the SG in descending reticular control mechanisms at the spinal cord
      level.

PMID- 3714111
TI  - Coupled transport of water and ions through membranes as a possible cause of
      cytotoxic edema.
AB  - To clarify the mechanism of cytotoxic edema, NaCl and colloid solutions were
      separated isoosmotically by an artificial, electronegatively charged membrane.
      Under control conditions, no fluid movement occurred through the membrane since
      it was almost impermeable, even to small ions due to high charge density of the
      membrane. Following elimination of the negative charge, a fluid shift through the
      membrane from the NaCl to the colloid compartment began, indicating that although
      no intercompartmental difference in chemical potential of water exists, water
      movement occurred coupled with ions which commenced movement along the ionic
      gradient across the membrane. This process is discussed from the viewpoint of non
      equilibrium thermodynamics.

PMID- 3714112
TI  - Autonomous control of phosphatidylinositol turnover by histamine and
      acetylcholine receptors in the N1E-115 neuron-like cell line.
AB  - Histamine was found to stimulate the turnover of phosphatidylinositol (PI) in
      cultures of neuron-like NE-115 cells. Turnover was measured by increased
      production of [3H]inositol phosphates (breakdown) and by accelerated
      incorporation of 32P into PI (resynthesis). Data were consistent with hydrolysis
      of polyphosphoinositides being the initial event in receptor-stimulated PI
      turnover. This response to histamine desensitized within 10 min. Receptor systems
      for histamine and acetylcholine were tested for possible interactions: PI
      turnover in response to dual stimulation was approximately equal to the sum of
      the individual responses while prior desensitization of the acetylcholine
      receptor system had no effect on subsequent stimulation of the histamine receptor
      system. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that components of
      acetylcholine and histamine receptor systems responsible for PI turnover are
      autonomously organized and regulated. and regulated.

PMID- 3714113
TI  - Correlation between astrogliogenesis and blood-brain barrier formation:
      immunocytochemical demonstration by using astroglia-specific enzyme glutathione S
      transferase.
AB  - The formation of the capillary-glial complex of developing rat brain ranging in
      age from embryonic day 16 (E16) rats to birth, which occurs at E20, and in the
      postnatal rats to day 56 (P56) was determined by measuring the horseradish
      peroxidase (HRP) activity, which was exogenously injected and penetrated within
      the brain. The activity of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) which are located
      exclusively in astroglial cells was also determined. HRP penetrated into and
      resided within the central nervous system until birth, although after this age
      the tracers were rarely observed to be included. On the other hand, GST activity
      was first detected at E18, and after P5 it increased remarkably. The functional
      significance of astroglial cells located at the blood-brain or blood-ventricle
      interface is considered, and we suggest that the ontogenetic development of a
      blood-brain barrier is compatible with the corresponding appearance of GST.

PMID- 3714114
TI  - Transplantation of dissociated foetal serotonin neurons into the transected
      spinal cord of adult rats.
AB  - Twenty adult rats underwent a complete section of the spinal cord at the lower
      thoracic level. One week later, 15 of them received a cell suspension obtained
      from raphe nuclei of 14-day-old foetuses into the distal fragment of the spinal
      cord. They were sacrificed after survival periods of 10-60 days, and vibratome
      sections of the spinal cord were processed for immunocytochemical detection of
      serotonin (5-HT). The control, non-transplanted animals showed a total absence of
      5-HT immunoreactivity below the section, whereas the transplanted rats showed
      many immunoreactive 5-HT perikarya in the graft region, some at a distance of up
      to 10 mm, and a progressive innervation of the whole grey matter extending at
      least over 20 mm from the graft site.

PMID- 3714115
TI  - Dissociated cells of foetal rat pallium grown in culture medium supplemented with
      noradrenaline: effects on the expression of neuron-specific enolase and cell
      adhesion molecule L1.
AB  - The possible influence of noradrenaline (NA) upon cell differentiation has been
      studied by comparing NA-supplemented cultures of foetal pallial cells with
      control cultures grown in normal medium. Two days after plating, the cultures
      were processed for immunocytochemical detection of either an adhesion molecule
      and marker of early stages of neuronal differentiation (L1) or a marker expressed
      at relatively late stages (gamma-enolase). In both cases, the NA supplement
      reduced the expression of the antigen. The effects were more clear-cut for the
      late than for the early marker. In conclusion, the NA supplement to the culture
      medium, in our model, seemed to have a 'differentiation regulating' rather than a
      'neurotrophic' function sensu stricto. It remains to be clarified, however, to
      which extent this finding can be generalized to in vivo situations.

PMID- 3714117
TI  - Use of a cross-species immunohistochemical procedure to demonstrate the presence
      of neurophysin antibodies in the serum of a patient treated with Pitressin.
AB  - Serum from a patient who had been treated with Pitressin for extended periods was
      evaluated for the presence of autoantibodies. When this immune serum was used
      with either an immunofluorescence or an heterologous immunoperoxidase technique,
      positive staining was observed in the neurophysin-containing cells of the rat
      supraoptic, paraventricular and suprachiasmatic nucleus. Whereas the immune serum
      may also be expected to contain antibodies against oxytocin, vasopressin and the
      anterior pituitary hormones, this could not be substantiated with the
      immunohistochemical procedures.

PMID- 3714116
TI  - Synaptic connections of relay and local circuit neurons in the monkey's dorsal
      lateral geniculate nucleus.
AB  - The synaptic inputs to a single neuron's dendritic tree can be analyzed using
      electronmicroscopic reconstructions after intracellular injections of horseradish
      peroxidase. In the monkey's dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, the proximal
      dendrites of magnocellular and parvocellular relay cells received retinal
      synapses and inhibitory synapses, while the intermediate and distal dendrites
      received cortical synapses. A local circuit neuron had both similar synaptic
      inputs and similar physiology to parvocellular relay neurons, but additionally
      had presynaptic dendrites and no axon. These results provide a wiring diagram for
      the neuronal types in this nucleus.

PMID- 3714118
TI  - Effects of chemicals on delayed matching behavior in pigeons. III. Effects of
      triethyltin.
AB  - The effects of triethyltin (TET) on delayed matching-to-sample performance were
      studied in male White Carneaux pigeons. Pigeons were trained to peck a red or
      green center key 15 times to turn it off. After a 2- or 5-sec delay, one side key
      was illuminated by a red color and the other by a green color. One peck on the
      side key whose color matched the color that the center key had been, produced
      food. After performance had stabilized, TET was administered intramuscularly at 3
      different dosages (1.75, 3.0 and 5.6 mg/kg) to 3 different groups of birds. Birds
      received 4 injections of the same dose 2 weeks apart. Responding was totally
      suppressed in all animals 3 hours after each TET administration at all dosage
      levels. At 27 and 51 hrs after TET administration, dose-dependent decreases in
      both matching accuracy and rate of responding were observed. These behavioral
      changes disappeared in 2 to 3 days.

PMID- 3714119
TI  - Ultrastructural effects of pyridostigmine on neuromuscular junctions in rat
      diaphragm.
AB  - Pyridostigmine bromide, a quaternary carbamate, is widely used in treatment of
      myasthenia gravis and has been suggested for use in prophylaxis against
      intoxication with irreversible cholinesterase inhibitors. Since there are
      virtually no anatomical data concerning the neuromuscular toxicity of the drug,
      this study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of acute and subacute doses of
      pyridostigmine on the ultrastrucutre of nerve terminals in rat diaphragm
      neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). Pyridostigmine in a Mestinon-equivalent buffer
      was administered by single, subcutaneous injection (acute exposure; 10-30 min) or
      by a subcutaneously implanted Alzet osmotic minipump (subacute exposure; 2, 7 or
      14 days). Acute exposure doses ranged from 0.0036 mg/kg to 3.6 mg/kg (0.001-1.0
      LD50), while subacute exposure doses ranged from 0.43 to 20 mg of the drug. Both
      acute and subacute exposures resulted in dose dependent alterations of
      presynaptic elements in diaphragmatic NMJs, which included disruption of
      organelles in the axon terminal, regional or total withdrawal of the nerve
      terminal from postsynaptic junctional folds, and invasion of Schwann cell fingers
      into the synaptic cleft. These ultrastructural observations suggest that the
      normal cell-to-cell interactions at diaphramatic NMJs are altered by this
      "reversible," cholinesterase inhibiting drug.

PMID- 3714120
TI  - Acrylamide produces a direct, dose-dependent and specific inhibition of oxidative
      metabolism in motoneurons.
AB  - The mechanism of action of acrylamide (ACR) in producing a central-peripheral
      distal axonopathy is unknown. We have tested the hypothesis that ACR inhibition
      of enzymes of oxidative metabolism is responsible for compromise of the energy
      supply, thereby producing the neuropathy. A single 50 mg/kg i.p. dose of ACR
      resulted in a 33.4% decrease in NADH-tetrazolium reductase (NADH-TR) (indicative
      of oxidative metabolism) activity in rat soleus motoneurons within one hour of
      injection. Methylene bis ACR (Mb-ACR), a non-neurotoxic analogue, produced a much
      smaller (6.7%) decrease in NADH-TR activity. Restoration of normal NADH-TR
      activity following that single injection occurred in 3 days. In vitro
      histochemical assays demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibition of motoneuron NADH
      TR activity (10-54%) by 1-10mM ACR. Equimolar Mb-ACR produced significantly less
      inhibition. The rapid, dose-dependent and specific inhibition of this oxidative
      enzyme activity by ACR provides evidence in support of the energy hypothesis of
      ACR-induced neuropathy and more specifically suggests that oxidative enzyme
      inhibitions are a critical site of ACR action.

PMID- 3714121
TI  - Brain trace elements in Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - Instrumental neutron activation analysis has been used to determine the
      concentrations of 16 elements in selected brain regions and separated gray- and
      white-matter specimens from histologically verified Alzheimer's disease (AD) and
      age-matched control patients. Significantly different (p less than 0.05) mean
      concentrations of Br, Cl, Cs, Hg, N, Na, P, and Rb were observed in AD bulk brain
      samples compared to controls, while no significant differences were observed for
      Ag, Co, Cr, Fe, K, Sb, Sc, and Se. The differences that are most persistent and
      largest in magnitude for the pooled bulk samples, males and females, left and
      right hemispheres, and separated gray and white matter are the elevation of Br
      and Hg and the depletion of Rb in AD compared to controls. Significant
      interelement correlations for the latter elements in both AD and control brains
      are also documented. Based on these studies, the possibility of an etiological
      role for trace elements in AD clearly deserves further investigation.

PMID- 3714122
TI  - The correlation between neurotoxic esterase inhibition and mipafox-induced
      neuropathic damage in rats.
AB  - The correlation between neuropathic damage and inhibition of neurotoxic esterase
      or neuropathy target enzyme (NTE) was examined in rats acutely exposed to Mipafox
      (N, N'-diisopropylphosphorodiamidofluoridate), a neurotoxic organophosphate.
      Brain and spinal cord NTE activities were measured in Long-Evans male rats 1 hr
      post-exposure to various dosages of Mipafox (ip, 1-15 mg/kg). These data were
      correlated with histologically scored cervical cord damage in a separate group of
      similarly dosed rats sampled 14-21 days post-exposure. Those dosages (greater
      than or equal to 10 mg/kg) that inhibited mean NTE activity in the spinal cord
      greater than or equal to 73% and brain greater than or equal to 67% of control
      values produced severe (greater than or equal to 3) cervical cord pathology in
      85% of the rats. In contrast, dosages of Mipafox (less than or equal to 5 mg/kg)
      which inhibited mean NTE activity in spinal cord less than or equal to 61% and
      brain less than or equal to 60% produced this degree of cord damage in only 9% of
      the animals. These data indicate that a critical percentage of NTE inhibition in
      brain and spinal cord sampled shortly after Mipafox exposure can predict
      neuropathic damage in rats several weeks later.

PMID- 3714124
TI  - Zinc deficiency in the postnatal rat: implications for lead toxicity.
AB  - Zinc (Zn), an essential element in the diet of mammals, appears to have a high
      affinity for the hippocampus during development, particularly the mossy fiber
      pathway (MFP). Lead (Pb) competes at several physiological levels with Zn, and is
      also selectively sequestered in the MFP. It has been suggested that Pb might
      exert its neurotoxic effects by displacing Zn and disrupting its functioning in
      the hippocampus. This study was conducted to address this possibility by
      examining hippocampal structure and function in perinatally Zn-deprived animals,
      and comparing the results with those previously observed under identical
      conditions in Pb-exposed rats. From postnatal day 1 (P1) to P25, Long-Evans
      hooded rat pups and their mothers were placed on a Zn deficient or control diet.
      On P25, weight-matched pairs of animals were selected for morphometric evaluation
      of the MFP following Timm's silver sulfide staining; no differences between
      groups were observed. Animals were tested at maturity in three behavioral tasks
      considered sensitive to hippocampal dysfunction. Zn deficiency produced no
      significant alterations in open field activity levels or passive avoidance
      performance; however, it did induce significantly reduced rates of spontaneous
      alternation. These results indicate few neurobehavioral similarities between Pb
      exposed and Zn deficient animals.

PMID- 3714123
TI  - Central respiratory effects versus neuromuscular actions of nerve agents.
AB  - The relative contributions of peripheral neuromuscular and central nervous system
      components in the respiratory failure following acute exposure to
      organophosphorous anticholinesterase (AChE) agents remain unclear. We examined
      the effects of the nerve agents, soman, sarin, tabun, and VX on diaphragm
      contraction, diaphragm electromyogram (EMG), phrenic nerve activity, medullary
      respiratory-related unit activity, and airflow in the cat. The agents were
      infused at the rate of 1 LD50 per 15 minutes until respiratory arrest, at which
      time the phrenic nerve was stimulated supramaximally to test diaphragmic
      contraction. We found that one of the first signs of respiratory distress is
      disruption of the normal firing pattern of the medullary respiratory-related
      neurons. This is followed by changes in phrenic nerve activity, diaphragm EMG,
      diaphragm contraction and airflow. At the time of respiratory arrest, the
      medullary respiratory-related units and the phrenic nerve have stopped firing.
      Immediately following cessation of spontaneous respiration, the diaphragm was
      tested by stimulating the phrenic nerve with 2 msec pulses of 500 msec duration
      at 10 Hz and at 100 Hz. Stimulation at 10 Hz consistently produced a frequency
      following contraction, while stimulation at 100 Hz produced a tetanic
      contraction. We conclude that loss of central respiratory drive is the
      predominant cause of nerve agent-induced respiratory failure, as the diaphragm
      muscle still contracts tetanically when challenged with a 100 Hz train for 500
      msec at the time of respiratory arrest.

PMID- 3714125
TI  - The relation of the neurotoxicity of organic tin and lead compounds to
      neurotubule disaggregation.
AB  - The effect of organic lead and tin compounds upon the integrity of cerebral
      neurotubules has been studies in vitro and in vivo, using 3H-colchicine binding
      as an index of tubulin aggregation. Triethyl tin, trimethyl lead and triethyl
      lead chlorides at concentrations above 5 X 10(-5)M, all prevented the
      polymerization of tubulin. Inorganic lead had a similar effect. Trimethyl tin had
      a much lesser capacity to prevent such polymerization. Rats received a single
      dose of each organometal, by subcutaneous injection and the capacity of
      hippocampal soluble protein to bind 3H colchicine was assessed. At organometal
      doses sufficient to cause morphological damage and behavioral change, no
      significant differences of colchicine binding capacity were apparent.

PMID- 3714126
TI  - Lead neurotoxicity: neuronal and non-neuronal cell survival in fetal and adult
      DRG cell cultures.
AB  - In the present study, neural cell cultures of fetal and adult mouse dorsal root
      ganglia (DRG) were prepared, exposed to various concentrations of lead (Pb) for
      two different schedules, and dose survival curves obtained. For the late exposure
      (LE) to Pb, Pb was applied from 8 DIV to 20 DIV (12 day exposure) while for the
      early exposure (EE), Pb was applied from 2 DIV to 20 DIV (18 day exposure). For
      LE there was evidence for increased vulnerability of adult compared to fetal
      neurons and the LD50 for both was greater than 100 microM. For both LE and EE and
      for both adult and fetal tissue, the non-neuronal cells were much more sensitive
      to the toxic Pb effects than neurons. For the LE, the adult and the fetal non
      neuronal cells had LD50s of 28 microM and 58 microM respectively. For EE the LD50
      for adult neurons was 35 microM. The differential effect of Pb on fetal and adult
      non-neuronal cells observed for LE was reversed in direction for EE; the LD50 for
      adult non-neuronal cells being 5.5 microM and the LD50 for fetal non-neuronal
      cells being only 1.7 microM, making the fetal cells about three times more
      sensitive than adult non-neuronal cells. An explanation of the differential
      effects of Pb on neurons and non-neuronal cells and on adult and fetal cells was
      proposed which incorporated known cell dynamics in vitro.

PMID- 3714127
TI  - Triethyltin-induced neuronal damage in neonatally exposed rats.
AB  - Neuropathological and biochemical effects of neonatal exposure to the alkyl metal
      triethyltin were examined in juvenile male Long Evans rats. Rats were injected
      intraperitoneally on postnatal day 5 with 6 mg/kg of triethyltin bromide and
      sampled on day 20. The brains of tin-treated animals weighed significantly less
      than either saline or starved controls and exhibited a marked caviation of the
      ventrolateral surfaces. Histologically, neuronal necrosis was noted in the
      entorhinal and transitional cortex, an observation confirmed by
      immunocytochemical staining of astrocytes. Hippocampal involvement was further
      evidenced by a protrusion of the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, and an
      abnormal histochemical staining pattern of acetylcholinesterase in this layer.
      Sections stained by the Timm's method for the deposition of heavy metals showed a
      marked reduction in the staining of the hippocampal CA4,3,2 sectors and an
      absence of stained laminae in the outer molecular layer of the dentate gyrus.
      Receptor binding assays indicated a selective depression of the benzodiazepine
      receptor in the hippocampus of tin-treated pups compared to starved controls.
      Taken in concert, these data indicate that neonatal exposure to triethyltin
      produces severe neuronal damage in the posterior cortex and a derangement of
      hippocampal afferent circuitry.

PMID- 3714128
TI  - Differential survival of fetal and adult neurons and non-neuronal cells exposed
      chronically to ethanol in cell culture.
AB  - Neural cell cultures of dissociated dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were used to
      investigate the effect of chronic ethanol exposure on the differential survival
      of fetal and adult neurons and non-neuronal cells. After 12 days of culture in
      ethanol (20 DIV), counts were made of both neurons and non-neural cells.
      Unexpectedly, the adult neurons showed a slightly greater degeneration with
      increasing ethanol than fetal neurons; the adult and the fetal neurons had LD50s
      of 1.78 and 2.08 gm% respectively. In contrast, for the non-neuronal cells the
      differential response was reversed; the fetal non neuronal cells were more
      affected than the adult non neuronal cells with LD50s of 0.7 gm% and 0.94 gm% for
      fetal and adult non-neuronal cells respectively. Also independent of
      developmental stage, the non-neuronal cells were 2 to 3 times more sensitive (in
      terms of survival) to increasing ethanol than the neurons. Electron microscopic
      examination suggested an increased amount of lipofuscin and dilated endoplasmic
      reticulum in the adult neurons exposed to ethanol. The possible significance of
      the results to fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is discussed.

PMID- 3714129
TI  - Regional distribution of lead in the brains of lead-intoxicated adult mice.
AB  - The susceptibility of adult neural tissues to the detrimental effects of Pb
      poisoning has prompted the present distributional analysis of lead in the brains
      of chronically lead-exposed mice. A high-resolution microPIXE method was
      developed for measuring Pb in whole-brain cryosections derived from chronically
      lead-exposed mice. Spatial resolutions as small as 20 micron were obtained.
      Details of the methodology are presented together with procedures for Pb standard
      preparation and control measures employed to reduce potential errors of Pb assay
      associated with taking brain sections with steel alloy knives. The unique
      advantages of making microPIXE Pb determinations in nonpreselected brain anatomic
      regions using freeze-dried semithick cryosections are reviewed. The study
      revealed that, in lead-intoxicated mice, there existed wide regional variation in
      Pb concentration in the ppm range, in 50 micron sagittal or coronal sections.
      Higher Pb levels were found in discrete brain regions of lead-treated adult mice
      than in matched control brains. Suggestions for further studies of Pb kinetics
      using microPIXE methods in adults and immature animals, including components of
      neural barrier tissues, are reviewed.

PMID- 3714130
TI  - Further investigation of the effect of chronic ethanol on the electric membrane
      properties of adult DRG neurons in cell culture.
AB  - Neural cell cultures were used to investigate the effects of acute and chronic
      ethanol exposure on electric membrane properties (EMP) of adult mouse dorsal root
      ganglion (DRG) neurons. These results in combination with results from additional
      experiments involving chronic exposure to hyposomotic medium provided further
      support for the hypothesis that the abnormal EMP caused by chronic ethanol
      exposure involved neuronal membrane adaptation to an ethanol-induced membrane
      expansion.

PMID- 3714131
TI  - Dietary cow's milk protein is transferred to human milk.

PMID- 3714132
TI  - Treatment of combined hyperlipidemia with fish and vegetable oils.

PMID- 3714133
TI  - VLDL-apolipoprotein secretion by perfused rat livers and cultured hepatocytes.

PMID- 3714134
TI  - Essential fatty acids and maintenance of the epidermal water barrier.

PMID- 3714136
TI  - The battered woman: is she a silent victim?
AB  - Although hardly a recent phenomenon, the battered woman has still not been a
      clearly recognizable presence to primary caregivers. Unawareness of actual
      victims stems from an incomplete understanding of the reality of the "battered
      wife syndrome," lack of knowledge about the various forms of abuse and the
      silence of the victims themselves. The victim rarely reports abuse to the primary
      care provider without being asked. She does, however, present with common
      psychosomatic complaints, such as choking, gastrointestinal disorders or
      nervousness. Her injuries may range from bruises to fractures, and the
      explanation of these injuries is usually inappropriate. Characteristically, the
      victim of abuse has low self-esteem and anger that has been internalized. These
      lead to self-destructive behaviors such as alcohol or drug abuse. Many of the
      victim's behaviors are predictable and best understood in the contexts of learned
      helplessness, a cycle of violence or anticipatory fear. Recognizing that child
      abuse and spouse abuse often occur within the same family, the nurse practitioner
      can play a vital role in halting the cycle of family violence. Early recognition,
      knowledge of the forms of legal recourse in the community and intervention by the
      nurse practitioner will have an impact on the morbidity and mortality of this
      social problem.

PMID- 3714137
TI  - Changes in liability coverage bring insurance crisis home.

PMID- 3714135
TI  - Direct reimbursement for NPs under FEHBP.

PMID- 3714138
TI  - ABCs of simple pulmonary function assessment.
AB  - A careful history, including smoking habits, presence of chronic lung disease in
      the family history and symptoms of cough, dyspnea and wheeze, will often give the
      first clue to the presence of chronic lung diseases. The assessment of the
      patient includes a physical examination and simple spirometric measurements of
      airflow and volume from fully inflated lungs. When symptoms and airflow
      abnormalities are present, concern for the patient's outcome is appropriately
      heightened. This will cause the health care provider to decide on additional
      observations or evaluation to help prevent the consequences of otherwise
      undetected chronic lung diseases.

PMID- 3714139
TI  - The functional message behavior inventory. Linking nursing action with health
      care outcomes.
AB  - In an era where issues concerning cost and quality of care are constantly raised,
      it will be increasingly important that expanded-role nurses be able to define
      their unique contributions to primary care. This will require nurses to self
      inventory their nursing processes and conduct research that serves to link
      nursing action processes to health care outcomes. In order to lay the groundwork
      for accomplishing this goal, this article provides a brief assessment of the
      strengths and limitations of an existing primary care process measure (the nurse
      practitioner rating form), and furnishes a conceptual framework for constructing
      an alternative process measure--the functional message behavior inventory.

PMID- 3714140
TI  - Regulations affecting the practice of nuclear medicine.

PMID- 3714141
TI  - Technetium-99m labelled porphyrin as an imaging agent for occult infections and
      inflammation.

PMID- 3714142
TI  - Thallium scintigraphy in the evaluation of portal systemic shunting. The problem
      of rectal absorption.
AB  - Thallium-201 scintigraphy is an attractive method for studying the portal
      systemic shunting. However, the technique is sometimes hampered by a low rectal
      absorption. The present work shows that cirrhotic patients present a
      significantly lower activity in the regions of interest in relation to the low
      absorption of the tracer as compared with non-cirrhotic subjects (p less than
      0.01). This study also demonstrates that the dilution of the tracer in a large
      volume cannot be envisaged in order to increase the surface contact and
      secondarily the absorption, because part of the tracer can reach the inferior
      vena cava via portal systemic communications in the lower part of the rectum.
      Oral administration of the thallium was also attempted but this route cannot be
      used in relation to its poor absorption and due to the difficulty in separating
      liver from intestinal activity. The study also shows that even in the case of low
      activity in the regions of interest, the interpretation of the test in cirrhotic
      patients is usually possible on the condition that the curves of radioactivity in
      the liver and cardiac areas are ascending. Using these criteria, only 6.7% of the
      tests were in fact not interpretable in this study.

PMID- 3714143
TI  - Dependence of ejection fraction results on choice of algorithms for a cardiac
      phantom.
AB  - Ejection fraction results obtained from the Vanderbilt rotating cardiac phantom
      exhibit a strong dependence on the algorithms used to derive the time--activity
      curves and calculate the ejection fraction from those curves. This problem is
      caused because the background chamber is located behind the rotating attenuator
      which is used to produce the pseudo ejection fraction. As a result, the counts
      due to background in both the regions on the 'left ventricle' and the area
      assigned for background correction do not remain constant during the 'cardiac
      cycle'. This leads to a breakdown in the ejection fraction algorithms. Given the
      same data, but changing the methods by which the time--activity curves and
      ejection fractions are derived, ejection fraction results varying from a minimum
      of 45% to a maximum of 69% have been demonstrated for the 50% attenuator.
      Although the Vanderbilt cardiac phantom is simple to operate it must be used with
      caution if it is used with the intention of calibrating a particular system or
      comparing different protocols.

PMID- 3714144
TI  - Pre-operative axillary lymphoscintigraphy in breast cancer: experience with sub
      areolar injection of 99Tcm-nanocolloidal albumin.
AB  - Thirty-two patients affected by monolateral breast cancer and five patients with
      benign mammary pathology were submitted to pre-operative lymphoscintigraphy by
      sub-areolar injection of nanocolloidal albumin with the aim of evaluating any
      axillary lymphonodular involvement. The 32 patients, affected by cancer,
      subsequently underwent a surgical operation so as to permit a pathological
      anatomical study of the axillary cavity. A comparison between the clinical and
      instrumental examinations brought to light the much greater reliability of the
      latter which gave 87.5% of correct diagnoses. The authors emphasize the absence
      of false positive results and the excellent sensitivity of the method in bringing
      to light even limited involvements of the axillary lymphonodes. The authors
      believe that axillary lymphoscintigraphy deserves to be included in the pre
      operative protocols which afford a correct staging of the disease and,
      consequently, a better assessment of the extent of the surgical action.

PMID- 3714145
TI  - Relationship between 201Tl uptake and oxidative metabolism in cultured myocardial
      cells.
AB  - The uptake of thallium-201 (201Tl) by myocardial cells in cultures was assessed
      in the presence of 10(-3) M potassium cyanide (KCN), an inhibitor of
      mitochondrial respiration, and 10(-4) M dinitrophenol (DNP), an uncoupler of
      oxidative phosphorylation. The cultures were incubated with 14C-glucose or 14C
      octanoate, allowing the measurement of the oxidative metabolism and beta
      oxidation from the production of 14CO2. The results demonstrated a moderate
      decrease in the ratio between the intra/extracellular concentration of 201Tl (Tl
      i/e) in the presence of KCN (28.9 +/- 8.1 versus 35.6 +/- 9.7 in the controls,
      n.s.) and no change with DNP (37.6 +/- 9.7). Glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation
      were lowered with KCN (-28 +/- 15 and -45 +/- 22% respectively, p less than 0.05
      in both cases) and were non significantly increased with DNP (+37 +/- 23 and +10
      +/- 52% respectively). These results show that 201Tl intracellular uptake is not
      related directly, but is not totally independent of glycolysis and fatty acid
      oxidation.

PMID- 3714146
TI  - Improved accuracy of ejection fraction measurements using a commercial cardiac
      phantom.
AB  - Variable ejection fraction results were obtained with a cardiac phantom using
      different computer systems. The problems was traced to the phantom design. A
      modification produced more reliable results consistent with expected values.

PMID- 3714147
TI  - Liver scintiscanning as a screening test in the detection of alcoholic cirrhosis.
AB  - Ninety-nine patients with alcohol related problems underwent a liver scintiscan
      and biopsy. The scan changes were graded and compared with the histological
      changes found from percutaneous liver biopsy. The overall correlation between
      scan and biopsy changes was poor. However, scintiscanning was found to be highly
      sensitive (90%) in detecting cirrhosis and for this reason is useful as a
      screening test in selecting alcoholic patients for biopsy.

PMID- 3714148
TI  - The value of syringe shields in a nuclear medicine department.

PMID- 3714149
TI  - Differential centrifugation of leucocytes and platelets applied to 111In
      leucocyte labelling.
AB  - Platelet contamination of 111In-leucocytes can be minimized by centrifugation of
      leucocyte-rich plasma before labelling. The differential recovery of leucocytes
      and platelets from centrifugation depends on various biological and physical
      factors. Experimental measurements have been made of the effect of some of these
      factors. The ratio of leucocyte-to-platelet recovery was increased by using more
      than one centrifugation, and by using a low relative centrifugal force (RCF). To
      extend the study, a method of calculating cell recovery from centrifugation was
      developed, based on the experimental results. Calculations indicated that this
      ratio was at a maximum at around 85g RCF, and was least affected by changes in
      the suspension medium viscosity. At 85g, leucocyte recovery was incomplete, but
      calculations indicated that there was a preferential recovery of granulocytes
      which was subsequently verified by experiment.

PMID- 3714151
TI  - Protein meal and gastrin levels: a radioisotopic study in vitro.

PMID- 3714150
TI  - Short-term and long-term monitoring of the serum level of TPA after radical
      resection of gastrointestinal or lung cancer.
AB  - Radically operated tumour patients (gastrointestinal cancer, n = 10; lung cancer,
      n = 10) were subjected to continuous prospective monitoring of the serum level of
      tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) prior to surgical treatment as well as during
      the subsequent year. The following observations were made: Immediately after
      radical surgery the serum level of TPA fell temporarily. During the first 2 weeks
      following this initial decrease, the serum level of TPA rose. In view of the
      radical surgical treatment the patients had undergone, this finding is
      interpreted as being not caused directly by the tumour but by tissue repair or
      proliferation. It is concluded that the first postoperative control of the serum
      concentration of TPA should be performed not earlier than 4 weeks after tumour
      resection. If the level of TPA increased after these 4 weeks, the suspicion of a
      tumour relapse or metastasization was raised. In single cases, a transient rise
      of serum TPA may not be due directly to the tumour but to other events, e.g.
      intercurrent infection. In general, the course of the serum level of TPA did not
      exhibit a marked difference between patients with gastrointestinal and lung
      cancer.

PMID- 3714152
TI  - Use of TPA in hepatology of infectious nature. Initial observations.
AB  - The tissue polypeptide antigen, TPA, is a tumour-associated antigen which is
      synthesized during the S phase of cellular division and released later by the
      tissues when rapid growth takes place. For this reason, the TPA is considered to
      be a specific phase tumour-associated antigen. Since Bjorklund detected the
      antigen in 1957 much less has been written about research into the presence of
      the TPA in high concentration in the blood of subjects with tumours in different
      sites. The TPA can, however, be measured in moderate quantities in healthy
      individuals and in those with hepatic pathology (hepatitis and cirrhosis) and
      pathology of a viral nature. In hepatic parenchymal pathology, repeated
      measurements of this marker show normalization with the benign course of the
      disease. The aim of this work is to evaluate if the use of the TPA can be useful
      in hepatology of an infectious nature as an index of cytoreproduction, a
      phenomenon which often affects the hepatocytic cytolysis which is found in acute
      viral hepatitis.

PMID- 3714153
TI  - Paradoxical phase changes induced by myocardial ischaemia.

PMID- 3714154
TI  - Scintigraphy and angiography in pulmonary embolism.
AB  - In 14 patients with acute pulmonary embolism, pulmonary artery angiography was
      made within 6 h after ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy. The extent of
      embolization was evaluated by an embolic score system with a maximum value of 20
      in cases of complete bilateral occlusion. The perfusion scintigraphic and
      pulmonary angiographic embolic scores correlated (r = 0.47), but the paired
      values differed (p less than 0.05). Exclusion of four cases with non-complete
      obstructing emboli in the main branches of the pulmonary artery rendered the
      differences of the paired scores not significant, with mean scintigraphic and
      angiographic scores of 9.7 and 10.1, respectively (r = 0.79). The four cases with
      non-complete obstructing central emboli had mean scores with the scintigraphic
      and angiographic method of 9.0 and 16.2, respectively (p less than 0.01),
      implying that the scintigraphic method may underestimate the degree of
      embolization in cases with non-complete obstructing central emboli.

PMID- 3714155
TI  - The accuracy of functional parameters extracted from ventricular time-activity
      curves by Fourier curve fitting: a simulation study.
AB  - The accuracy of functional parameters derived from multiple harmonic Fourier
      curve fitting of left ventricular time-activity curves (TACs) was assessed in
      simulated curves of exactly known characteristics. Curves were generated to
      represent TACs of equilibrium gated radionuclide ventriculography (ERNV) sampling
      at 16 frames cycle-1. Curves of varying shape and noise characteristics were
      studied. The number of harmonics used in the fitting process was variable, the
      number being determined by an automated 'goodness of fit' test based on the chi
      squared test. The accuracy of measured peak ejection rate (PER) and peak filling
      rate (PFR) was independent of the shape of the curve, but the accuracy of the
      time to these slopes (TPER, TPFR) was dependent on the steepness of the slope.
      The accuracy of the measured parameters improved as the influence of noise
      decreased allowing more harmonics to be added. The values of PER and PFR in
      control subjects varied between individuals, and with heart rate. There was less
      variation in the ratio (PER/PFR) of the slopes between individuals, and the
      accuracy of the ratio was better than that of the individual values of PER and
      PFR. Functional parameters of predictable accuracy may be determined by Fourier
      curve fitting at the statistical quality of global or regional ventricular TACs
      derived from ERNV sampling at 16 frames cycle-1.

PMID- 3714156
TI  - Implications of the ionizing radiations regulations for typical nuclear medicine
      departments.
AB  - The application of the 1985 Ionizing Radiations Regulations and Approved Code of
      Practice to a typical Nuclear Medicine Department has been considered. References
      to the Regulations are given so that their implications in a given department may
      be examined. The radiopharmacy, radioisotope dispensary and injection room will
      need to be Controlled Areas. It will also be necessary to designate Controlled
      Areas if radiopharmaceuticals are injected in imaging rooms or on wards. Waiting
      rooms will need to be Controlled Areas. The area around individual patients will,
      however, not need to be Controlled except for some patients receiving therapeutic
      doses of 131I for thyrotoxicosis. It should not generally be necessary to
      designate employees as Classified persons. Major problems in implementing the
      Regulations are not envisaged in situations where the previous Code of Practice
      has been followed.

PMID- 3714157
TI  - The reliability of first harmonic Fourier phase analysis fitting to simulated
      time-activity curves.
AB  - The accuracy of the phase value and closeness of curve fitting from Fourier first
      harmonic analysis is assessed in a range of simulated time-activity curves, of
      varying amplitude and noise characteristics at three heart rates, over the full
      and reduced R-R intervals. The accuracy of the phase value is not impaired by
      reducing the period to that of optimal fitting, whereas the closeness of fitting
      is improved, particularly at resting heart rates. The reliability of first
      harmonic Fourier analysis may be improved by reducing the period to which fitting
      is undertaken to the dynamic part of the time-activity curve.

PMID- 3714158
TI  - Diabetic oesophagoparesis: assessment by solid phase radionuclide scintigraphy.
AB  - Oesophageal function was assessed by solid phase radionuclide scintigraphy in 13
      normal volunteers and 23 patients with diabetes mellitus. The diabetics had
      significantly delayed oesophageal emptying times 23 min versus 7.6 min in normals
      (p less than 0.02). In addition, the diabetics had significantly more oesophageal
      activity at 5 and 10 min than normals (p less than 0.03). These differences were
      unrelated to the age of the patients. Despite these population differences, no
      clear relationship was seen within the diabetic population between oesophageal
      emptying time and duration of disease, insulin dose, or presence of neuropathy.
      Oesophageal emptying time was only weakly correlated with gastric emptying times
      (r = 0.37, p less than 0.03). These data indicate that by using sensitive
      radionuclide techniques, abnormalities of oesophageal emptying are common in
      diabetics, even in those without evidence of other end-organ complications of
      diabetes.

PMID- 3714159
TI  - Radionuclide cardiac ejection fractions: a useful disparity between LAO and LPO
      views.
AB  - The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was measured from ECG gated blood
      pool radionuclide studies. The LAO and LPO views gave different values for the
      LVEF, however, the difference was not a random error, but was specifically
      related to the site of impaired myocardial function, implying that the difference
      may have diagnostic significance.

PMID- 3714160
TI  - Legal service packages benefit workers and employers.

PMID- 3714162
TI  - A written eye safety policy reduces risks and prevents injuries.

PMID- 3714161
TI  - Back injuries can be reduced with worker training, reinforcement.

PMID- 3714163
TI  - Proper planning ensures health promotion program success.

PMID- 3714164
TI  - OHNs can provide listening ear dealing with employees' problems.

PMID- 3714165
TI  - Case management strategy confronts the challenges of health care.

PMID- 3714166
TI  - Company medical staff can prepare employees for overseas work.

PMID- 3714168
TI  - [Method of x-ray localization of intraocular foreign bodies with maintenance of a
      standard distance between the eye and the film].

PMID- 3714167
TI  - [Clinico-applied value of the light-macular test].

PMID- 3714169
TI  - [Use of levomycetin sodium succinate in the complex treatment of penetrating
      wounds of the eye].

PMID- 3714170
TI  - [Amphoglucamine in the treatment of mycoses of the eye].

PMID- 3714171
TI  - [Reasons for enucleation of the eyes in children with penetrating injuries].

PMID- 3714172
TI  - [Status of scleral homografts at remote periods after scleroplasty in progressive
      myopia].

PMID- 3714173
TI  - [Optimization and standardization of roentgenologic studies in ophthalmology].

PMID- 3714174
TI  - [Anterior keratotomy as a method of surgical correction of keratoconus].

PMID- 3714175
TI  - [Case of successful treatment of intraocular ophthalmomyiasis].

PMID- 3714176
TI  - [Effect of low-energy radiation from a helium-neon laser on the hydrolytic
      enzymes of the lysosomes of the retina].

PMID- 3714177
TI  - [Secondary implantation of intraocular lenses of the Sergienko model].

PMID- 3714178
TI  - [Basic principles for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with endogenous
      uveitis].

PMID- 3714179
TI  - [Clinico-biochemical changes in endogenous uveitis].

PMID- 3714180
TI  - [Immunologic reactivity in patients with peripheral uveitis].

PMID- 3714182
TI  - [Differential clinico-laboratory diagnosis of enterovirus and other uveitis in
      young children].

PMID- 3714181
TI  - [Role of specific hemagglutinating antibodies in the pathogenesis of tuberculous
      uveitis].

PMID- 3714183
TI  - [Enterovirus uveitis in children. Results of 5 years' observations].

PMID- 3714184
TI  - [Clinical features of neisserian uveitis].

PMID- 3714186
TI  - [Predicting the course of uveitis using radionuclides].

PMID- 3714185
TI  - [Results of using the closed vitrectomy technic in the surgical treatment of
      chronic uveitis and its complications].

PMID- 3714187
TI  - [Comparative efficacy of the complex treatment of tuberculous uveitis].

PMID- 3714188
TI  - [Diagnosis of low-pressure glaucoma and pseudoglaucoma by determining tolerance
      to intraocular pressure].

PMID- 3714189
TI  - [Factors predisposing to glaucoma].

PMID- 3714190
TI  - Trabeculectomy with implantation of the Mendez Glaucoma Seton: early results.
AB  - We present the early results in a small series of 12 eyes of 12 patients with
      uncontrolled glaucoma who underwent trabeculectomy with implantation of a Mendez
      Glaucoma Seton. All eyes, except one with neovascular glaucoma, had had multiple
      glaucoma surgery and all, without exception, were on maximal tolerated medical
      therapy prior to surgery. The follow-up period ranged from one and one fourth to
      three and three fourths months. The surgical technique was the same in all cases.
      Our success rate was 33.3% or 40%, if one eye with persistent hypotonia could be
      counted as a success. This result is inferior to those quoted in the literature
      with the use of other types of setons, and especially to the results of Dr.
      Antonio Mendez who used a similar implant.

PMID- 3714191
TI  - Long-term gonioscopy follow-up of eyes with posterior chamber lens implants and
      no iridectomy.
AB  - One hundred eyes which had undergone extracapsular cataract extraction with no
      iridectomy followed by insertion of a posterior chamber lens were examined
      gonioscopically 1 to 4.7 years postoperatively to determine the prevalence of
      asymptomatic angle closure from pupillary block. Since no peripheral anterior
      synechiae (PAS) characteristic of pupillary block were found, there seems to be
      little risk that these eyes will develop angle-closure glaucoma. During the study
      small PAS were noted adjacent to many haptics implanted in the ciliary sulcus.

PMID- 3714192
TI  - Central retinal artery occlusion associated with periocular corticosteroid
      injection for juvenile hemangioma.
AB  - Intralesional corticosteroid injections are an accepted treatment for periocular
      juvenile hemangiomas. This treatment is felt to be relatively free of
      complications. We report, however, a case of central retinal artery occlusion
      associated with steroid injection for a periocular juvenile hemangioma in a four
      year-old child. It is presumed that the force of injection or digital massage
      caused retrograde arterial flow, moving steroid suspension particles into the
      central retinal artery where vascular occlusion occurred. As a result of this
      case, our treatment regimen has been modified. We now use 0.1 cc steroid
      alloquats injected slowly through a 30-gauge needle and avoid firm digital
      pressure on the lesion.

PMID- 3714193
TI  - Retrobulbar anesthesia and orbicularis akinesia.
AB  - After noting that simple retrobulbar injection often caused orbicularis akinesia,
      we evaluated this phenomenon prospectively. A total of 50 patients were given a
      standard injection using 3 cc of a 50-50 mixture of 0.75% bupivacaine and 2%
      lidocaine with epinephrine and hyaluronidase. The entire 3 cc was injected into
      the muscle cone through an inferolateral lid entry using a 35-mm retrobulbar
      needle of either 23- or 27-gauge. Injection was considered successful if
      orbicularis function was sufficiently reduced to proceed with an intraocular case
      after a single retrobulbar injection. If facial nerve block was necessary or if
      the patient's lid moved during surgery, then the procedure was considered a
      failure. Of the 50 patients, 44 achieved adequate akinesia of the orbicularis
      after retrobulbar injection alone, giving a success rate of 88%. Benefits of this
      method include lower drug volume. decreased chance for direct nerve damage during
      a facial nerve block, less pain, less ecchymosis, and less edema following
      surgery.

PMID- 3714194
TI  - Automated mixing during blepharopigmentation.

PMID- 3714195
TI  - Pupillary block with anterior chamber lens following Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy.

PMID- 3714197
TI  - Congenital laryngeal cyst in infancy. A rare cause of life-threatening stridor.
AB  - An unusual cause of life-threatening stridor in infancy due to a congenital
      lateral saccular cyst of the larynx in association with an upper respiratory
      infection is presented. The literature is reviewed. The histopathogenesis,
      classification, clinical manifestations, and therapeutical principles of
      congenital laryngeal cysts are discussed. As almost 50% of the reported cases of
      congenital laryngeal cysts were diagnosed at autopsy, the gravity and importance
      of early recognition of these lesions must be stressed to the pediatrician and
      otolaryngologist.

PMID- 3714196
TI  - Epithelial salivary gland tumors in children and adolescents. Analysis of 80
      cases (Salivary Gland Register 1965-1984).
AB  - In the Salivary Gland Register (University of Hamburg), 9883 cases were recorded
      from 1965 to 1984. Among these cases there were 3,326 neoplasms, of which 3,017
      were epithelial in origin. In this latter group, 80 neoplasms arose in children
      and adolescents. Among these 80 persons, there was a slight predominance of
      females; 57 tumors (71%) were localized in the parotid gland, and only 6 (8%) in
      the submandibular gland. The incidence of the tumor types was different in
      children and adolescents as compared to the incidence in adults: monomorphic
      adenomas were virtually absent in children (only 1 patient), and benign tumors
      were also less common (65%). The incidence of mucoepidermoid tumors was
      remarkable (12 cases, 15%). Acinic cell tumors occurred more frequently (5 cases,
      6%). The neoplasms have been analyzed histologically. Two very rare tumors, a
      monomorphic salivary duct adenoma and an embryonal carcinoma, were also studied
      by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry.

PMID- 3714198
TI  - Malignant schwannoma of the submandibular gland. A case report.
AB  - The first case of malignant schwannoma of the submandibular gland in a 23-year
      old man with neurofibromatosis is reported. Light microscopy showed typical
      features of neurogenic sarcoma and an immunocytochemical study confirmed the
      schwannian differentiation of the neoplasm. The patient is still well without
      evidence of metastases or local recurrence of the tumor 80 months after the
      excision of the neoplasm.

PMID- 3714199
TI  - High incidence of laryngeal carcinoma in a Swiss family.
AB  - The article describes a family in which a father and both sons were treated for
      carcinoma of the larynx. Reports of 21 similar families were collected from the
      literature. Certain factors occurring in familial cases are discussed (alteration
      of the sex ratio, early onset of the disease, same histological type and same
      localization of the cancer in relatives), which could indicate a genetic
      susceptibility in these families.

PMID- 3714200
TI  - Erythrophagocytosis in Kaposi's sarcoma in acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
AB  - The ultrastructural morphology of Kaposi's sarcoma of the oral mucosa in patients
      with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) was examined electron
      microscopically. Neoplastic spindle cells and vascular endothelial tumor cells
      are frequently involved in the phagocytosis of extravasated erythrocytes.
      Pericytes, fibroblasts, macrophages and other phagocytic cells of the tumor
      stroma also participate in this process. Erythrocytes are also phagocytized by
      some of the keratinocytes belonging to the intact surface epithelium covering the
      Kaposi's sarcoma lesion. Both the phenomenon of erythrophagocytosis and the
      presence of tubuloreticular structures in the cytoplasm of Kaposi's sarcoma cells
      in patients with AIDS seem to be prominent ultrastructural markers and thus of
      diagnostic value.

PMID- 3714201
TI  - Chondrosarcoma of the ethmoidal and sphenoidal sinuses. A case of chondrosarcoma
      arising from postparanasal sinuses.
AB  - A case of chondrosarcoma originating within the postethmoidal and sphenoidal
      sinuses with intracranial invasion will be reported. The patient, a 54-year-old
      female, presented severe headaches and diminished visual acuity of the right eye.
      Angiographic findings showed both the left carotid artery to be completely
      occluded and the right inner carotid artery to be narrowed at the site of the
      carotid bifurcation. Computerized tomography scan findings showed a tumor,
      located mainly in the frontal base and temporal fossa, that had invaded the
      cranium through the skull base. Several tumor excisions were performed using a
      combined extranasal and transmaxillary approach. The diagnosis 'chondroma' was
      changed to 'chondrosarcoma' during autopsy.

PMID- 3714203
TI  - Patellofemoral pain.

PMID- 3714202
TI  - Pituitary tumour causing gigantism. Morphology and in vitro hormone secretion.
AB  - True gigantism with overproduction of growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) was
      diagnosed in a 13-year-old boy. The clinical history indicated that the tumour
      had caused an oversecretion of GH since the age of 4-5 years. At diagnosis, the
      sella turcica was markedly enlarged. No infiltrative growth was noted at surgery.
      Endocrine investigations showed elevated GH and PRL secretion. Light and electron
      microscopy of tumour tissue revealed densely packed pleomorphic cells of both GH
      and PRL type. In addition, oncocyte-like cells were observed. Organ culture of
      pieces of tumour tissue demonstrated continued secretion of GH and PRL into the
      medium for more than 5 days in vitro. Addition of bromocriptine to the medium
      caused a rapid decline in PRL secretion while GH secretion remained the same. X
      ray irradiation in vitro also caused a decrease in PRL secretion. These effects
      of bromocriptine and X-ray on hormone secretion in vitro mirrored the
      corresponding effect of treatment, when the patient showed signs of tumour
      recurrence after pituitary surgery. It is concluded that also in childhood, the
      in vitro response of tumour tissue to various treatments may be explored as a
      possible way to predict the efficacy of pharmacological or irradiation treatment
      of pituitary tumours.

PMID- 3714204
TI  - Historical background: patellofemoral pain in young people.
AB  - This article examines the evolution of the current understanding of what
      patellofemoral pain is, or is not, in young people. It focuses on the articular
      cartilage of the patella because chondromalacia patellae (softened articular
      cartilage) was almost unanimously presumed to be the primary cause of
      patellofemoral pain in young people until recently.

PMID- 3714206
TI  - The role of articular cartilage in patellofemoral pain.
AB  - This article describes a conservative program of treatment for patellofemoral
      pain of chondromalacic origin. It has become obvious that patellofemoral pain
      syndromes are derived from cartilage degradation and from soft-tissue changes,
      including tendinitis and neuromatous degeneration.

PMID- 3714205
TI  - Arthroscopy in the treatment of young patients with anterior knee pain.
AB  - Arthroscopy plays an important role in diagnosis in the management of anterior
      knee pain and may be used for treating the underlying pathology.

PMID- 3714207
TI  - Computed tomographic classification of patellofemoral pain patients.
AB  - A preliminary study was undertaken at the University of Connecticut Sport Injury
      and Knee Clinic to evaluate a small series of patients with peripatellar pain as
      well as a group of asymptomatic controls. With the encouragement of the initial
      results, this experience has been expanded to include a larger number of
      patients. Based on CT criteria of subluxation and tilt, it has become possible to
      categorize patellofemoral tracking abnormalities. The purpose of this article is
      to clarify further a classification system for patellofemoral pain patients.

PMID- 3714208
TI  - Radionuclide imaging of the patellofemoral joint in young adults with anterior
      knee pain.
AB  - Young patients with symptoms of anterior knee discomfort represent a most
      difficult and often enigmatic clinical group, in large part because of the highly
      subjective nature of the condition. A primary clinical research goal over the
      past several years has been a search for reliable objective indicators of a
      presumed underlying pathologic process to account for the symptoms. We believe
      that the use of the bone scan along with other clinical and experimental data has
      provided a new and previously unappreciated perspective of a dynamic osseous
      process occurring in many such patients. With further investigation, this process
      may clarify certain confusing aspects of the symptoms experienced by patients
      with patellofemoral pain. The technique and its clinical applications are still
      in its infancy, yet it appears to hold promise for the future. It is hoped that
      exposure to this method of evaluation will serve as a basis for an understanding
      of the benefits, limitations, and implications of this technique as further
      developments occur.